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СһµĲӪҵָ̬ѧУֵܱ߳ģڼͥסլ￪ΪСѧṩϢѧϰĳ
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1 
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ӽڿСѧˣ
ΪȻ겻꣬ڲڵģ¹ԭҰǴúףһ£¹ԭҰһߺ߸裬һһɱ䣬һ޹¹ԭҰš
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ȵ¹ԭҰǱߵļѾײˣ¹Ŵź˳СģͦСĵģֻװ߽թʬ
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¹׻ʱ¹ԭҰһڼҲǵһɱûʲô飬䣬һͷ͵
ʱ¹ԭҰҲ֪ǿ
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¹ǻҲʱһҰְ֡
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ŵ¹໴ޣʱ¹ԭҰװڸʲôأ
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ԼĶӱ׷ŵ໴ޣ˾ȻԱеؿ֣
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׳Ҳİ
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Ϊ¹ԭҰ֮󡭡
ڴͷ֡
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ǰ¹ԭҰһɱʱ飬֮󣬾ϰ¹ԭҰڻѾΪһȽɱˡ
Ѫ͸ˣʱͿ԰Ѽõˮ̣˰ë¹ŸҴչ
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ڴҵĲš
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طͻȻ֣¹ԭҰ֪ΪʲôҲ֪Ժ᲻ͻȻʧȻҰȫѺ档
áԺӡĽԺӡļǿǿϣռҪ̫óԡ
¹׳ԵͷҲ̧Ҫҳ׷ιСȫһ
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ԵǺ㣬¹ԭҰúʳ¹ԭҰŲԡ
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أǲģǲԺóԵĽֻɳ¶
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С˼ʣС¹ǲԼ˴ʳ𣿡
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˼ڼҪ˵ǳԽˣǲԵģܳô֣ʳԳġ
ǳԵ¹׵ռʱ˼һƬԣúóŶʲô
¹״ػش𣺡ǽ
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¹׿ɾˣ֪¹ԭҰԽԲŰġ
˼ſˮʣó𣿡
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С¹´θҴһòã˼ҲرóԵĽռ
¹׻ûشأ˼ͷ˽СҲźС¹ҲҪ
С¹ҵʳָԣ´Ҳҳԣ
ôóˣ϶Ӻóԣ
¹Сһӣ󷽵˳ŵû⣡´Ұְ˾͸Ǵ


2 
´ʲôʱء
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Ͼ¹ԭҰõļСԺԼߵؼʣζǿڸУĲ߲гͷļġ
Ϊޣ¹ԭҰҲֻĸֻһֻС̳ԳҪҵʱ䣬¹ԭҰ¹˵ķ
ֻͲǳԵġ
οֻĸҪµõģܳԡ
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һֻܱɽռĿԡ
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СѵǺܲΣȲС¹ְĽռǾ
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ǽһϲǼȻҪԷˣ
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ԥʲô
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һСѧ˼˷ˣصҿԼĽռǾ͸ˣһ̬ϣ໵غ̣ҪԷ
̽˽ռ㳢ϲٸ̼һ鼦ŵ˼
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ڲг˼ȦЩţ⣬¹ԭҰҲʱ䣬ͼҴҵظ˻
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ƴëǮһһʮһʮǮټһǦʺһͨʵȫǶʮǮ
¹ԭҰ˼۸񣬻ûԱߵ¹׿ʼˣʮ飬Ǧ飬ʵʮ飬һʮ塣
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¹׵˭أ


3 
¹ԭҰҲԻʱգɲ֪Ǻ˭¹ףΨһμסһǣϡ
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СӵϷĪģԼ˵Ҳ˵ϹܾͶˡ
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СӵĿ־ôļ򵥣һ϶ǳһСʱĵң˼ϵĵ绰ֱ
еؽͨ˵绰绰Ǳ˼裬˼ؼˡ
ҶǲʱԷģСһ߳УţŵԱ˼ķζ
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֮¹ԭҰʹ¹׻֮󣬺úýһ¡
ʲôιСԡ
һսƬ͸ˣ¹ԭҰ;ϲ࣬ʱ䣬ûôѧСͷԺӡ
ڼнժЩҶЩսƬ


4 
СԺȻС˵ռһ棬ҲԼĶ֮ļ紺ʲôʱʲôһ㶼ɻ
սƬĽҲҪģҪʹн
ѾǾѮˣнʱ͹ˣ¹ԭҰܹУ԰ڵʵн
¹ԭҰϰ࣬ϰҲСԺ֮͸СԺ˹滮˲ͬ򣬲ֲ߲ͬͬˣÿǰ棬һСơ
СƵ¼ֲʱ䣬¹ԭҰֻҪϾҵʱոպõнˡ
Щнִյժ˺ЩҶ
¹ԭҰǰҲûгյϰߣǴЩԲƵѧģսƬǴձԲǱѧϰĳԷղսƬֱܹϿԣζǲ
¹ԭҰţ⣬Ѿڱ˺ܾˣճԸɣ
ĲɫҲûã¹ԭҰˣ
ˣ
¹ԭҰıһ˫С¹۾ڹľԺ֣ĵؿ¹ԭҰûκεĴ㡣
ȻҪԿ⣬͵Ҳֻܾţ¹ԭҰ룬µľϼһЩ
¹ԭҰ˾ǱѾˣֻҪʱ潽ˮܹ
¹ԭҰʼҲֻ˽빽ˮû뵽ĳˣֲһЩĹ࣬ҲѾ˿ջʱˡ
ԵĹ˼֣¹ԭҰִһߵļϼһЩӣС⽷ÿֶò࣬ǻװһ衣
¹ԭҰûо֣ȥ˳ߣߵʯͷϹһ˳ųһֱ쵽ˮС
¹ԭҰΪģƽˮϳʱһīɫĲϺ͸ˮ档
뿪ˮ棬ϺĴϺͿʼˣôʻһóԣ
¹ԭҰذϺջȫˡ
ôණ繻Եˣ¹ԭҰʹ֣ȻҪԭΪ¹ԭҰòˣȻװ
¹ԭҰҪ뿪˫۾˸Ͻӹľ˳¹ԭҰض˶
¹ԭҰ㱻ųɴӡ
ʲôط
¹ԭҰҲû֮ĶĲ㡣
ͻȻһ֪ʲôĶ¹ԭҰܲŵ
һӦתȻͱ𺳵ˡ
ǰһһ˶ߵİ¹ͺеһͨɫ֫ɺɫճͼһ˫͸ǻ۵۾˫۾⿴¹ԭҰ
ղŶ¹ԭҰģͷ϶ŵѩ׵Ĵǡ
¹ԭҰע˲ͱȥˡ
˫ѩ׵Ĵĩ˵ķ֧һεͼ
òǳǶǰ״ɡ
¹ԭҰûʲôӦ¹ñǼⴥһ¹ԭҰʾ
Ȼ󣬰¹еŵʻ¹ԭҰУƺɬ뿪ˡ
¹ԭҰжвסôأ
Ȼ°¹͵ʻ뿪СԺ˵¡
¹ԭҰϺͲȫϴһ飬ȻѲгɷڵ״һ׼֮ѧУû¿Σ¹ԭҰһ߰ƺõţڵ翾ϿһСԺͻȻֵİ¹
Ǹ¹ǽֵģһֱСԺ
ǽųֵģֵԭʲô
һֱڣΪʲôǰûг֣
Ϲ벻¹ԭҰʱȸãͷȻֱ¡
ݰ¹ı֣ԼӦûжġ
¹ԭҰ˳ְѿţóԣ
Ȼţ⣬¹ԭҰСԺеĲ϶գζǿڸУЩ
óԣ
Ҫ¹ײӵĻ¹ԭҰԼһ˾ͶܸԿ
ͷţСԺĲƣѾôóˣһֱСԺţ⡭
Ǹжóԣ
¹ԭҰһβֳ뷨

ǷѧѧǽӺӻؼҵļҳ춼һ顣
˵Ѯȵʱ˵θӦöյȵӰ죬òԷοʳִеʳǽ졭
һֱڱǼĿζرĥˡ
ͺ˰
ôȣ˭θôõģ
Կ⣡
ԿҲˣ
Ϊʲôô㣡
źӽӻļҳưˣڹ̨Աߵϣһ翾̾ͰǱţ⣬ԱڵȴƵţ⻹߲ˡ
ϰһ뷹ڱϳſ⡣
һƬⱻӼеϣɫĽմ׷ϣϰÿӼſ⣬һȾɫ˵׷С
ӶѾܴˣļҳǲʿˮ
һƬԳˣϰλ˸ԷһƬ̵ҶϿõţ⣬ˬС
ˣ
ѹĵطĪڴ˵ˡ
СӻܵڵˣҪԿ⣬ɴ˾Ͳˡ
ҪſеҪ˼庢ӡ
裡ҲҪԣ¹ԭҰһ꼶СѧסĴȺš
ѾˣؼҾܳԣƵƳһϰĵ翾̣вסذ̾
˵ˣҲ밡
ǲܰ
Ϊ˱ζĥҲΪ˱ԼҵĺӵټҳǴҴҵԼҪĶϿԼĺˡ
ƽʱ¹׶ǵһܳģǽ죬Ϊʦһ£¹׻ʱһ꼶༶Ѿɢˡ
¹׼ζؼҵģ󻹸һСβ͡
Ǵ㻨Ǯģ¹׼ģǽ¹׼ҡ
Ͼ͸ıˡ
С¹ְֿܺóԵӣ
С¹ְ֣ҿǮε۾ֱضϵһ룬װźЩտõ⡣
¹ԭҰ¹׿ģΪǵʱݣ¹׻ҵû̫ʱһ߿һ߳ԣǰˡ
Ȼ˵һܳһˬ¹׿ɲˡ
⵱ȻҪһ߿һ߳ԲŽп⣬ǰֻܽ
¹ԭҰȻǲճεǮ
ʣµⶼ¹׵ˣ¹ԭҰҪ㰲ŵĻ¹׿ҪƢģ
Ҫǲʶˣ¹׾ͿСˣ˭
С鰡
СǿҲһĴڰ
¹Сӣſӣѿ·ŻؿϣҲóؿ⣬ҶѿãȻŵݸΡ
μβûǮԣ¹ظ˵ţ˵ҲԼһ
һǲԲ˵ģôԣ¹׵ݹհ⣬ԥһ£ˡ
úó԰Ǹѧһ꼶Сѧôߴϵݣ֪رóԡ
ڿͷϲԵĲ˲ˣҲرóԣ
ó԰ɣҰְģɣ¹ϲģǴˣ
ֻҪܺһҰְ֣
Ǿ츸ĸĺֵܣ
ţŬضӣ⣬Ѿû˵
¹ԭҰڰ˵СѧǮԱߣͶһ䣬С¹ϵķŸμһ
ķ¹ԭҰصضһЩѶ׷ǷţȻڿĵ翾Ͽ
ŵıִ࣬ͬʱִ֭㡣
ÿ¹緹
¹ԭҰ͵
ȻָһҲûйϵ
һ߳С¹ָĿ⣬һС¹ְָķţβ֪˵ϡ
Բ˲˵һҶһڿӣԵòֺ
һ㶼Բ˵ʳСӡ
κ¹һģѾУŵһ֣ӻԲ߲ˡ
ۿžѧʱСʱȥˣӻӰżˡ


5 
˵ҲһСģΧĻϤˣ軹ǲġ
Ҫиһܲ
°֮ͼȥ˳ˣ˻շһһ̶ûϢ˶ӻûּҴҵسҺȥˡ
ϸʦ˸绰ʦ֪ѾУˣϾǿһ¡
ʦǳУŵġ
żˣʦæȺͷϢʸλӣû֪¿֮ȥʲôˡ
¹ԭҰæǮûֻȻ֪飬Ҫ
ĵڶվ¹ҵӻꡣ
¹׺ͳδСһ𳤴󣬻Ǻѣֵַһ࣬п֪ȥĶ˵ģ¹ˡ
һӻ꣬Ϳڹ̨Աϣţ⣬ڳ߲˵ĳˡ
п˵ּͰѳδšݺݵƨɡ
ǵδĿӣʵûжʹ
ǿɫǵĳλʵˡ
ǶԲ𰡣С¹ְ֣Ǽμδˡ¹ԭҰͣǮӣҲûжţǸл֮󣬾ʹųλؼȥˡ
¹ԭҰһѧ֮󣬵ɢɢĸѧڻǱأŽˣֻһϢҲ֪ǰˡ
ǻҪˡ
Ҳû뵽λ緹һԾʱ䣬õȺûȻżˣȺͷ΢һ£»Ҳ͹ȥˡ
ڳǱߣ
šųλؼң豾ݺݽѵһģʲôѧ֮ϻؼңѵûи˵
˵飬ˣ
֪֪ˣ
ν߳īߺڣһʵӣ¹龫ֵĴˣҲѧһ㡣
νϴڸģûдˡ
εǸ̬ȷǳϿңҲԭϣһ뷹ǰˡ
Ҳܶźӣǡ
İ׷λûڣһþͳˡ
ְղС¹ҵʱ򣬶ûоñڻؼ˶Ӿͱ
㿴㣬ôˣӶ˶֪ڶ˰ɣϽԷ˳軹Ҫȥϰء
ҲСʱʱ䣬ػصģ쵹˵ùȥɶ졭
һСʱϢǻ
żˡ
ǰ׶԰ʱ򻹺ã緹ѧУСѧˣѧһʱһ붬ʱȲȥˡ
ѧУ浹ǰʳã˺òóԣӪӪȲ˵ͳʳӣû˿Ͳ߲ˡ
Ͳ˸Ҹйܵ뷨Ҳһ죬緹Ծˡ
йܵѡ񣬳軹Ǿ
£˵ҳԱˡ
ʶػһ䣬Աˣ
԰ոС¹ְָҳ˷⣬ǸرóԣĺϲǸŶ
С¹ÿ춼ܳԵôóԵģĺҸŶ
Ҳ뵱С¹ҵС
ʳԣҲôóԡ
һѳεĶӣĵģû˵ѣҲöԵ߲ˡ
һ߸˳ӣһ˵ԱˣͲóˣǲ˻Ҫԡ붼뵽ڱ˼ңһˡ
οĳӣǸϾͲԸˣÿӴӣǲ͡
ҳԲ˵ģ
ƳһۣŲţ
ģΪʲôңС¹С¹ְֿԸ֤ҳ˺öˣӣн빽ҶС
¹ԭҰֵС¹ԭҰƽʱ¹׶ԣ¹Լϲ컹͵͵ιһСš
ôһᶼˣһŲѹȥġ
εʱڳ߲ˣûѹԼڳԵġ
Ҳûл̫࣬ΪκСһԷ˾̬СԲˣȻҲҪԣԲԵİɡ
Ļ
ǳʳëɾҵ˽İ취
Ҫѳ͵ѧУʳûйˡ
ھ͵ȳ°ְֻһ£Ҫѳ͵ĸйȥ

Ǳߣ¹ԭҰõ˽ռ֮ȥг
¹ԭҰ˵˶ĽĽռǼһϲ
պ˲ˣ˷˷ڲƿͷĺɫĽƬɫֺÿģС¹ְԼģӦòͷ߰Ӽ
̾ÿӼһСƬ˵ζģرθһ뵽˼Ǹʳë̼һСӣͷˡ
ڵȵ˼¿λˣ̸Ͽ˵Է̴С¹ְʵǼҽռˣһϲ
û˼꣬Ϸˡ
̰˼Է˼˿ӣһ飬ǽռĽ
ҧһڣ˳Ͼ˳
ɴˣ
һβǣڶβǣλǣ
˼СﲻסˣƭˣС¹ҳԵĲӵģƭˣ˼ȶһɡ
̿ۻˣôͲζأ
С¹ְô˵İ
Ķأ
޲ްȥʣһòð̲ͣغ˼
ʱְ°ˣ˼ӣͲһǳغ˼Ĵ˼ΪԽռһ𴲣˼˲ˣ࣡
˼Ĳ˵
˵Ĳ˲óԣ˲ģƭˣ
ĵְ֣С˵û˵óԡ
ְְο̣͵úúöһ٣˳ʲô㰡ְԼ˳Լһ뷹ڷϳ
һСӵĺɫƬҲûϳһСƬζʮ֮رθʲôζͦõİ
˵⻰ҲӰְֳԣӼ£һСսƬûˡ
̿ˣһӳͷС¹ְһսƬóˣһڣ˼ϾͲˣΪЦ
óԡ
óǰɣóԾͶԡ̾ͰսƬ˼Աߣ˵ؿ˼˺壬һͳһ뷹
ְҲ볢սƬӻûӿڣͱָס˹ӿڡ
ֵĸԵģҪҪˣԣսƬ̶ţ͵԰̱ذսƬŽ˱䡣
̬ͺˡ
ʲô裨ʵϵţô
°һ㣬֪ǰְ˵˰죬ˣȥһ´˵УԷϹҪսƬ
ⲻǳ˾ʱĺ콪ôó𣿡棬콪ȻƵסСħ
̽ŵ˵С͵԰Ҫġ
һߵְҲίôӲҪ
һ콪
Եôˣ
һϹһǶӣһӣ˾ȻǶϲĻҾȥ㡣
ã
ְ־˫ͬ⣬̸ûˡ
Ȼ󡭡
̲ڣְ͵͵˳򿪱䣬óǹսƬ
ѾȥµˣĹҲ죬úõسһսƬɡ
˵ζĲ
С¹ְһ֡


6 
˿⣬¹״㣬ĵ翾еΣգ¹ԭҰһ¹׶ģʣµЩ̣¹ȫûġ
Сذŵϵˮ棬ȻĨӲɾմˮҲҪøɵĨˡ
¹Ŵóҵͱʣʼдʦ粼ҵдٶȺÿֶдúܺã΢е㲻ĵطҪд
ҲѾ¹ԭҰûʲôˣͽ¹һ£ŵ㣬ͽԺӡ
Ǹܺ˵Ժ֮⣬¹ԭҰһһԺӣΪ˶Ŀ¹ԭҰҲԺЩ
һŴԺסˣڲҲǳӵļˣ֦ϹһɫĴ棬¹ԭҰһһڣִ
棬¹ԭҰҸһ㶼һЩȻǱһЩ
¹ԭҰҲأסصɽ壬£ķӣ¹ԭҰǰʱ˲Ʊġ
ѧУԱߵķررִԺӵķӣֹ¹ԭҰôᣬҲԼнЩǮˡ
¹׵鵹ܽͣСԺ飬¹ԭҰĸ˵ᵽá
ʹһС裬ˮϴˣ¹ԭҰ浽ǰ棬ϣС磬һ߳棬úܡ
дҵ¹׾Աһһһһ̲סˡ
С͵žˣ¹ԭҰץ˸š
дҵдҪԵĻдٳԡѧϰɻĶˡ
¹װԹؿ֣װְ
Ȼ֪ѧϰҪһһ⣬ΪʲôҪдҵʱְ㲻ܵд֮ٳ𣿲ҵģʳó𣿡
¹׵ʣ¹ԭҰˣر㣬ⲻڿ⻹רģǰ˶ʱͷϷŲǣء
ڷʳóԡ
¹ԭҰŲ˵ƭء
¹ԭҰСʱҲôƭģ˲ŷ֣Զʳζġ
˶ġ
ǳŶʳűܹ
Ҳֻ֪¹֪֪ģ
ߣ¹ͷҧһ棬ؽӳ꣬ڴ׵зһʻ
¹ԭҰӵʱ򣬿еʻ̲סЦһ£⻹һֻύİ¹ʻѻ֮ǰõһһ

£ȵ°°ְֵʱ򣬾ͺᡣ
˵Ҳе°ְҲ֪ػصĺ࣬ĸæġ
ǰæ·ʲôģʱҲǵǮ
ȴˡ
˼̫ˣֵǱҲ˵ȥֱӷйıȽϷ㣬йǱߣʦæΡ
ƽʱҪϰ࣬ҲҪӰ࣬ҪܺӣģǷŵйľͲһˡ
Ȼһ֧˵ĹҲܳܵ
°ְֵ˵ͷ꣬ʿļҵĸȽϺãʱ͵Ǳȥˡ
μΣְָҸԷĵطʱкܶСѺһ𡣡
ζйôһ֪кܶСѣ˵Է
ְȥС¹ҳԷ𣿡С¹ҵķ˿ɺóˣҪȥ˼ҳԷĻҪѡС¹ҡ
°ְִӳܶΣ˵С¹ҵķ˺óԣûгԹûоĸŴҲһó԰ɡ
ƶ˵ܣйĵķҲС¹ҵһóŶ
˰ְֵĻ³ûˣϣְһ͵йȥҪԺС¹һóԵķ
ϢںСһˣʱ򣬳ξ̲סСǷˡ
¹׻ãֺ˼ͺĽˣ
˼ˣǼμǲԺ춼ܳԵС¹ְֵĲ˲ˣ
θĴ󣬡ǺС¹һóԵĲ˲ˡ
úŶĽˡ
ֵĽģѵ¹
ϾҲֻÿԵС¹ҵķˡ
ԵС¹ҷ˵¹ףԺҪԵС¹һóԵĲ˲˵ĳΣС¹ְĳóԵսƬ˼ȣֺҵһ
ΪʲôûС
ˡ
Ϊ˰οĵ֣˼Ը£ҪѼóԵսƬָ֣
Сµ죬ָջģϾͿˣϲʣ𣿡
ģС¹ְսƬɺóˣ˼¹԰ɣС¹
սƬҲֻ¹ײųԹˣϵͷԣҰְʲôóԡ
ǣĸСתƵ˼ң˼ְ̰趼ڼң¹ף֣ξеϰˡ
˼С˿ʼд̰սƬó
̴򿪱䣬ͷʣ¸ӣ˵սƬˣ֭ûˣ
һ磡
϶͵ԣ
ﷸ϶ӺϱУ
ѹŭͳǮ˼˵ԲһСǰսƬˣǮСȥʳԣҵٸòã
̿˵ʮֻˡ
ĸ˼սƬԵˣ˼϶޵ģôһ˵ڲ֣ȻԷˣҲ֡
ȰѺǶˣһ¹ţӣ˵ɣǲ㡣
žԱߣҲûݺְֻʵһ㣬ûסСĺ콪͵ˣС
ְƴʹɫ

ȻҪ˰
͹ְֵı飬ȳˣԣѾˣͣϾܳϡ
Ȼûְֵˣ̸߸ߵؾ˼ë̺ӡ
ҽô˻͵С㻹ˣ㹻İ

СѧԱ߱Ĳ࣬ʳˣǳΣֺ˼Ϊ¹׵Ĺϵֻȥ¹ԭҰҵӻꡣ
Ǯ˵һȾ޿˰
ǿһǮѩ⣬ʮëǮʳ
˼ǸˣʾСǿԼѩ⻹ʳԣ
ڲʳС¹ְսƬ𣿡
˼Сһӣ򣡡
Ǻܿϧ¹ԭҰϴһսƬһ㶼ˣһεսƬнմڳûʼ
ҪȸɣڳԵĻǾͲսƬֻнˡ
û취ֻѩˡ
˼ÿ˶һѩ⣬ĿǮʣµһǮʳĸ˿Էųԡ
ʳСܳȥˡ
Ϊʲôأ
顣
Ϊΰְ˵Ҫ͵йȥСҪȥһ£ļҵķó
ôжļҵķóԣ
ǵȻվͷһ
ζĲһóԣζһóԣ


7 
Ҫ֪¹ף˼ĸС飬̼㻨Ǯ֮ųġ
ʱְѾڼˡ
ְֵ°ʱӣ°ൽҵĻŻʮֵʮ֮䣬йǵĳԷʱĵңҲ˵
¹ף˼ǵļƻʵ֮ǰѾʧˡ
һѧȥĻ
Ҳǻʧܵġ
ΪйĲڳԷ֮ǰһСʱ߰СʱʱʼģйĲһ
йҪĺӣһٸңôӣɲʲôʡʱʡĻ
ôˣϴ飬Ҫϲʱ䣬οأ
ѧҿʼϿΣйʱҪ׷ŽͷˣȻȵԷʱٿʼʱ
ʱ¹ѧУͷϿأôܿõ
ζˡ
ʱ㣬Ҳֻʦú˵ͬѧйĵʳͷԷء
¹ĸСһйĵĺţӴ󿪵ĺͷ˼йĵķˡ
гԳģҲгһ׷ġ
ˣĸС鲻ģһ磬ͺˡ
¹׿ڳԷĴĲȫˣֻǲŹӵһ磬ܲڹϵĻʲô
ǵȻСϲըˣ
ĸСϲˣ
һըýƽƵĴš
˲䱻Ÿ۾ǴŰ
й̫˰ɣ
ȻǳԴţ
˼СҲŸƻˣʵҲǣԼڼըĻ̫鷳ȥͷĻСûôǮ
Ҳǲġ
¹׾Ͳһˡ
¹УǹϵĴ󻧣
ǿӻҵС
ʲôġ
¹׸ͲòΪ֮ǰ¹ԭҰԼͻȲˡ
Ҫǲ·ѹĻ¹ԭҰԼＹԼըţ뻨ô๦Ļ¹ԭҰҲóֻҲǺܰݵġ
¹ԭҰҲļҳһһζ˵ըĶʲôġ
׿˵ԵĶˣåðɡ
Ե㼦ô
ֻҪӪⲻˡ
ò˵¹ʳСŵ㣬ȻΪԵŵԭ֮һ
¹׳Եļţǿйĵļţǿɲһ
йĵļʲôӵģ
ͷ֣ʮǮһⱻɺȻͷۻһѹɹĳΣմ֮ûؼըܳˡ
⣬ͷӦеģǶ໹١
û˵׼
¹׳Ե־Ͳһˣⶼۿɼġ
±ҧԷǳĿѩ׹̵ļˣǺʵ۵ļ⡭
жˣ
йĵĴԵһģ¹Ҳ̲סԼˡ
ڶôˣӦǳԲˣûϵͰְ˵һܰϣ
죬ʱѾˣɫõģĸСҪٲؼҳԷĻҪģ
ĸСѧУſɢ͸ظңҸˡ
¹ԭҰûʼأղԺͷ˻棬һ𣬴ְ֮ǰͷڳнϴɾˡ
źӣַʱַ
رǴ棬ʹʱͷҪ߸ߵţʱˣӾᣬҲǸʡ飬ͺˡ
ôˣ¹ԭҰͲԸһ£˸¹׸ιˡ
¹׿ɺˣ滹е˿ÿɴˣԼţģģĴţ
ְ֣ܳԼ𣿡
ԣҸ¹ԭҰûɾ˼ά
̼ңҪµ꿪ȥͲڳԵͷֽš
¹ôһ˵¹ԭҰҲˣϵô࣬һۣ¹ԭҰúϢɻ
ըȻۣȡ
¹ԵĿɲּţԼļļš
˵¹Сྫ֪Լļͷĺá
¹ԭҰƳ¹һֱ飬ǼҾֻʣһֻˣҪĸСҪǰѹˣǾûСˡ
С¹ǲ֪µģϾͶСŨȤְܿһС𣿡
СûзֺõĻҾͿһֻС¹ԭҰֿʼƭСˡ
־ͺˡ
˵¹ԭҰƭѾǵһ ˡ
Ϊƭʿ¹Ҳо飬ҳȥдҵȻְְæ㲻Ǳֺã
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Ҫ¹ԭҰ䣬¹˵Щȫøɣ֮Ҫ¹ԭҰ걳ȫˣ㲻ֺأ
¹ԭҰ뻹ûлܾ
һİְôôӶأ
¹ԭҰʹӦ¹ף㡣
¹׾͸˼Ѫһиɾдҵ¹ԭҰְȫˣҾͲܰæˡ
¹⻹ǲ˽ְְֻ֣һĬĬϻţԸ
ǡ
ߵ÷ˣ¹ԭҰҪǲдҵĻǾͲֺˡ
¹ײŲأȥдҵ
¹дҵʱ¹ԭҰͿʼнˣսƬͼŲһԽԽóԣ¹дҵʱ¹ԭҰеһ
¹ָꣿ
ԣְһĻ¹׾Ͳæˡ
¹׵ǿҪ£¹ԭҰһнø¹ףһصشģֻг˰ƴС˵
С˵Ҳǿ˷ģرеѾ
¹ԭҰ¹׷Ѿнĳɹֲܴڣķ֣ûгЦ¹ס
ĽƬҪһϣڶȥɹһ죬ɹ֮ٷŽǣҶһ÷׽ݣϲһģݾһ㣬ζ
һҲܳˡ
ʵҲвӣ¹ԭҰȣһЩңڲǳӵļڣ¹ԭҰҲûš
սƬ֮¹ԭҰҪһ档
ȷֳҪھӺԼֱӳԵĲ֣ȻʣµģȫϹˡ
¹ԭҰû¹֣̫ˣš
ȵ֮΢һ¹ԭҰָͯƤ
Ƥһ棬Ȼ󡭡
Ͻ
Ȼһ¹
ڽ£˺ط뿪ʱ򣬾ͺɵذѺˣʣµİǣȻͷ̯ƽ
ĿԷŽͷ濾ȥȥˮ֣ûľֱɹˡ
¹ԭҰϲԺһģ̯úһЩĻɹʱҲҪӣǵҪؼҿ¹ԭҰЩġ
ϵϴȥ
СӵһԻ⡣
ô¹ԭҰˣ¹׿ȥһȵӡ
ڹԼСء
ְ֣Ǳֺ𣿡
㡣¹ԭҰ۵ùǺϽϴ裬¹׺䵽ȥȻˡ


8 
¹ԭҰʧˡ
˸¹׼緹
׷ΪһΣûˣϳԵ
û緹¹ףҲؾͽ¹ԭҰķ䣬һı¹ԭҰĴ¹Ҳмʮˣ¹ԭҰûѪ
ְ֣緹أ¹޹š
Ŷ緹¹ԭҰ˿ʱ䣬ߵ㣬ʱ仹ܳ㣬ǲշǡ
¹һǮ¹ԭҰ¹״ˣԼȥͷ͵ɣʣµĸ㵱㻨Ǯ˵¹ԭҰȥ˯Ȼ
¹ְָˡ
Ҳ׶ӣҪȻ¹ԭҰͷˣ
ְ֣緹
¹װְִķǺóԡ
ܶ಻ͬ͡
ͷûġ
Ҳֻ¹ԭҰĵʱԣŻпյʱ
ϻǱԵ¹ԭҰ͵ģʣʾ
ҪϳԵͣ¹ԭҰö𴲰
̫Ϊˡ
¹ԭҰ۾ӣͷ˼ţǲƮˣ
С¹㶼ʶְˣðְڻӦҪ𣿡ǵģС¹Ҫǳ
¹ίͶûаְĺóԣ
¹ԭҰر۾ǴҲûõģ
ְֲôٵˡ
ȥֻһʲô
ǶӵʤŷҮ
¹׿ֵװֵؿϱ£¹ԭҰѪĳˣС¹ǣװַ֮ǰܣֻһ䣬ҪԽ

¹ԭҰޱ飬Ӿͻ飡
뺰ġ
Ƥ伦ţлػʳžͺӪʡ
ôļƻ
ͱӸˡ
¹ԭҰǲ͵뷨һûнģǡ
һûš
ͺ˰¹ԭҰСѧʱ򣬸нģڲ֪ô£ʧˡ
¹ԭҰΪζԲڼ
û뵽츳̫˰óԣȻͱ¹׸ˡ
͵ļƻûʵʩʧܣ¹ԭҰһε𴲡
һٷҪش䣬ʳǻ磬Ȼһ˵ز˺ˣɡ
ʱ¹ԭҰ˺ܶƹô÷ڱ棬ϵ˵Ӧÿǽʬ÷˰ɡ
ֶðӲ÷ⶳ֮󣬿ڸҲûʵĺã¹ԭҰǴ÷ġ
ˮУǣǺܺõƷ
¹Լһˣܸɵһ
¹ԭҰ֮󣬾Ͱѱ÷óˣ֮飬ٷ֮ŵͷ򣬵磬ˬˡ
ɫҲܺÿõɫװ͸ĲҪǻϣ۱
¹ԭҰ뵽Ժİ¹¹ԭҰʶظо¹ͻȻֵԺӣŷǳϵ
Ժӵ˾ǰ¹
͵ǽԵɣ¹ԭҰ÷ʱ򣬻Ǹ¹һݡ
¹ԭҰߺ󣬰¹ּ˳ͷغ÷ȪĴ۲زסеĻϲ
峺ĳӳ˰¹ӰӣմȾ÷ĺɫָ߲ʵĸоƺʧˣ¹˵档
ƺҪϴȥϵգ¹ⲽȥûˮ£һжˣҲʧˣΧһжˣһӣֻһСʱٴˮ֡
һСģţڰ¹ѩ׵ĴǾͳˣǸǰ¹Ƥëͷ
ɫͷ

ľڽĩ֭ѽƶ꽴Ǻۣˮھȣո˵ϲˡ
֮󣬾ˮֶڸбȽ֮ҪѰСʱΪкܶˮֵĹϵŻۣߦƽ۵ߦƽظ֮ߦͿ͡
¹ԭҰֻƽ׹ߦõȹҪüһǹԲΣûϵһл¹ԭҰļƻ֮С
ڹˢͣȺһߣϵؽƵһֱȫУе۵һγǧ֡
Ϲǣڹؼ졣
ӹµѾýƣˢϽϣȻ壬ȵһҲý֮棬ˢϽϣϴл֥飬ͳˡ
ø˵֮ŻʣһЩҲʣ˺ܶ࣬¹ԭҰ˳־͸ȫˡ
õĽгεĴСؾصطڴӵмһС𽴡
ζˣֱӳԾ͸ոպãζص˿պһ𽴡
صʱ䣬СѧѧǰİСʱ˵͹ʱǷѧʱ򣬼Żڵġ
ڲˣҲԽܽ⡣
һڽһڴţһڱ۵÷
¹س̾һְҺҸ
ǰҸˣ
ǲҸ
ÿҪǲҵĸ
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˵ѳԣҲǺζ
λСѧƽʱԷǱ౥ġ
ϲݷ±ݷݷָԿݷ
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˼ҳԵţվԱ߶ˣճİɣܴİɣ
ٿ˼ҳԵûԹ֪ʲôζ
϶óԣ
ٿǸϣ
涼ˮˣ
ͷ¶ȣһͷ󺹣Ҫľһڱˣ
СѧصǮݳһѣǮ˫ƵģȻ
ݳ޵˫Ƶٿ˼ҵĹ֭
ӣϰܲĹ֭
¹СҲ٣ϲĽСˣеرҸ
ⲻ˷س¹ԭҰףְҺð㰡ܵСҸ¹׻Ѿظ¹ԭҰ˸ġ
˵Сģֿɰġ
¹ⳤ࣬ûһطǺ¹ԭҰģӦǸ֪İ֡
Ҫϻڵʱصȥ˸ӼҪȻ¹ԭҰҲɣ¹׿Ǳ˶ġ
ҪȻôһ˯ѣһСӾԱء
Ψһ֤ģ¹ԭҰȥĶˡ
һҹԺ¹ԭҰͿʼۿɼٶȱˣö˶˵һݣʱڱǸţ
ҵ༶ϵǸӣ¹ԭҰû¹׵ʱ򣬴¹ĵա
ҲΪ¹ԭҰ֣Χˣûз͵˸̵ʵֱ¹ԭҰ˸̻
ǰŮ͵͵Ȼ󶪸ġ
ѻȥȻҲû˻ɵġ
˻Զһ·ֵ߼
ܾΪ¹ԭҰͻȻ֣ŮԷˣֻ֮УΪû취ֻȻ󶪸װ֡
֮ţ¹ԭҰ˵ʲôأ
ȻԶ


9 
ζأȻóԣԶ壬÷ܹ嵫оЩʲô
ʱһСӺģսƬԾͺ
Ļ¹׻ܼٳһţ
һ뵽ûпθսƬ¹ٳôĽ;ԼÿŶ
ְ֣սƬ֮ٳһν𣿡¹һҪѽûȥĳԻſԣ
¹ԭҰƳһۣǲӦġ
Ҫȥ̼ңûôүү̵
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ôͷͦİ
¹ԭҰƳһۣⲻ𣿡
С¹ͰְһģԵС¹𣿡¹׿ʼװί
ҲʱװɰԳС¹ˡ
ԼװƿҲҪԼ򣬲Ȼְֶˣǰְ͸̵ˡ
¹ײְ־ȻôҪ
뵽ĵӣ
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¹׵ķŭΪİְ̫ˣ˼Ϊʲôģ
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ȻͲˣ
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ְֵʾɣǲ̰ˣ˱˵ĺ콪ˣ˼С¹ְֵģóԲ֪ٱ
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Χź콪˼Ǻֵġ
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ʱ䵽磬˼Уһͱӻȥˣ¹ԭҰһְ֣
¹ԭҰ
Ȼ֪鷢չ̣Ҳ֪ٲǼС¹¹ԭҰ˼ؼȥʰְֵȻתһǵ˵С¹֪ǼûкܶǮİɡ
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Ϊѵؽ˰
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͸˼һ˿
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˵ֲָЦ
Сѣͬķʽ󣬿ʵˡ

ң¹ԭҰ͹˵꣬¹׻ؼȥˣС¿ʮӣͽˡ
ðк¹ԭҰԼԿ׿ţŴСȥˡ
ʵ棬õ⣬иպÿԳ˵սƬ֮⣬һֻĴ󹫼
ֻ󹫼ѾʹԹˡ
¹ԭҰֻСĸֻˣʮһԺ󣬾ܹõգóԵСƼŶ
¹¹ԭҰĶ˹ȥ˵սƬ趼Ȳϣϴ˵ζŮرϲԣõ㡣
¹ԭҰͲˡ
Ůرϲأ
ϻأ¹ԭҰҲˣҲһЩ̣ôţ
ŮԺʹҽԺˣ˻սƬҽҩѣ
ʼ¹ԭҰΪԼսƬǳԳˣҽҩѣ¶Ҳ͹ȥˣ¹Լ첻ϣԼͷ˵©졣
ǿ񻹶Լʡһҽҩѵºܵ⡣
¹ԭҰըˣ¹ûס¹ԭҰֱӳ嵽ǼңҽҩѸֻˡ
¹ԭҰôûˣӦǲ˵ġ
뵽Ȼ¹ˡ
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¹ԭҰֱ˵ˣ˵̫ɱҡ
ⶫҲһ޲ƷԼ˳ԳԾˣҪǷŵͷȥ˸ԻˣҿҪϷԺģ
ݣģСԭҲϡ¹ҲΣҲͼٿǮ飬ֳ
Уͷˡԭ¹̣¹ԭҰܣĶڣУ
¹ԭҰյݵ¹Ͼͱûˡ
͵ŰѶĻЩҲˣԼߵؼԼųԲ𣿡
ڴ֮ĶԹû¹һã
ֵˣôС֪ˣ̵ָġ¹û취ֻôӦˡ
Ŵ֮պͻˣ¹װԼóˣʰúģžͷģ¹ԭҰ˸ǹװȫͬ
̣Լģ͸㣡¹͸һˡ
¹ͳףøﱲǮЩ͹ĸ߼ģԼ᲻óԣ¹׺ͽīˡ
ī¹ԭҰ¹ĺӣ¹¹ԭҰ꣬Ӿ͸ī¹׶ҪСһꡣ
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͸ĸһ¹ԭҰ󣬽˵ǼҺģ㣬͵ùüҵСˡ


10 
¹бۿ¹ԭҰֽС¹ʲô

¹ԭҰǸǮ˺÷
ǶӶûģ˵ߵĸĸЩǮǴչ׸ͺÿµİңҲкüǧء
ټϽī̽ޣ¹ʹ治ʲôǮ
Ҳ¹ԭҰûǮֻ˼ӻգҪȻǷӣĲ㶼Գ⣬ٿ͵ʲôġ
Ҫ¹ĻҪࡣ
¹Ͷ¹ԭҰ˵ˡ
¹ԭҰ׷λرãⰤСѧ߼·͵ѧλãܿʲô꣬⡣
ںö
¹ԭҰս¹ĵ˵˸֣¹ȵؿǸӻ꣬һôǮ
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Ľˡ
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ܰӻ껹ȱ˲㿴ô
ܡ
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Ǿҵġ
¹ԭҰǵ¹ǰȥ԰̯ͯߣһʮǮʮǮûڶͷأͱ˸̯ϵ⴮⴮־еڿʣȥ̲衣
ۺû׬˲١
Ϊ¹ԭҰҲһ¹ץס˰ѱϳϣ¹ԭҰҪǸ⴮̲裬¹׬ĺͻľ͸պóƽ
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11 
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14 
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ϸڣС¹֮·ʪˣСˣ̵ֹ̹ģ¹ԭҰе㵣
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оʲôСʵҲ˵ֻ˵С¹ָǵĹ֭úúȣ϶ûС¹Ĺ֭úȡ
ԺģֻҪ̫֣ҳһ㺢ӵģ㡣
Ҳǵʱ䣬мҳͨ༶Ⱥ¹ԭҰˣ¹ԭҰӺȵĹ֭ôġ
λҳĺΪ̫ϲС¹Ĺ֭ˣرϧһСһСţһ綼ûкꡣ
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СŬԼĹ֭ڻؼ֮ûԼ͵һڡ
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Сѵܹɣû͵ˣҪѺúȵĹָ֭ȡ
һĶҪӣˡ
ʲô֭ôúȣ

Ůôɣȸ֭ôˣ
ҪŮȸʹ죡


15 
÷ֲ֭ʲôط¹ԭҰ͸λ裬õǱ÷ʵҲԣˮͱǣ󿪷ˡ
ô򵥣
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˭λҳѾºأ
ŮóݵڴСģôλķ
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16 
һӻ̣һˬӭȻɴź飬ǻѾʼͣںȫ硣
λҳһ£ͿŮͬѧں͹̨Ǹ˵⻰
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17 
һͷ¹ԭҰŵ綯ˡ
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18 
Ǳһֱʳ
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19 
ЩԹԣ¹ԭҰûģҲ˳ԹԵ׼Ӱ쵽¹ν
ߺ¹ԭҰֽ˰¹䣬ΣΪЩѾ׳˵ȥġ
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20 
¹ԭҰ֮ûк¹ܰ𨣬ôڽܱȽϺá
¹йһѣһ棬¹ԭҰ¹¶ס
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ŮʿԼӻǱĻתˣرǿǣǺӻ˵ģǱ߷˺ܺãѼ㣬ţ򶼻˸顣
˵Ůʿел¹
ϾҪ¹ʹ¹ԭҰʱ䣬ѡ͸¹񣬾͵ǸлԼôһ鷳
ղ˸ӣλҳⷽ棬ر⡣
ʻŮʿ˵ǸС֤
Ůʿûⷽ棬˸ۣûѻεĶԷ˵ȥóԷطָˡ
Ůʿ˵û֤λҳȻͻᵣҵԭϵ
Ҳ֮
飬֤ȫ̼ңҲȫ⣬οû֤̼أ
Ůʿλ˼һ£Ҳǻôĵġ
Ҫһ¹ԭҰĽͬ£
Ҫ¹ԭҰʹúõĲϣ¹ҰܸԼ
ѵͲԼ˼϶
ԭ򣬻һԭǣλҲ˵ˣ¹ԭҰһˣĶҲͻγһķˡ
Ǵһճġ
¹ԭҰܸԼҳԶ
㣬Ůʿͺ¹ԭҰˡ
λҳ˵ʱ򣬻ŮʿٴξԼ֮ǰȡȡˣҪȻλԷء
̫ˣ
λҳûŮʿ˵ĶˣҪûŮʿƼ¹ԭҰ΢ţҲͺӵԷ
˵ʱǺܿģǰ¹ԭҰƼǡ
Ůʿ¹ԭҰǰλҳԤ룬֮ǰԼܾһθˡ
رǿ˼Ҳ׬ǮҪǿ¹ͻŮʿѵķϣΪѴӦġ
Ůʿ⻰ʵλҳôһ㲻ŵġ
Ϊ˵ǲͷѻôһѧǧ
ⶼ֮ǰǸС͹ݵˣѧУҲûô󰡣
Ϊ飬Ůʿ΢¹ԭҰģ˵λҳԸ¹ԭҰǮľͺͻһͿˡ
һ¹ԭҰ˼ԵĻͰǵ΢Ƹ
ʵʱ¹ԭҰǻûҪС˼ģǰɣڵ뷨еıˡ
Ҫǿǵ˰𨡣
Ǳߣ߰ӡ֡
ûйҵ񣬺¹ԭҰһǾ¹ԭҰ¹ְ¹϶ôģ¹ԭҰѹ󰡣
¹ְ¹۶ӣ϶Ӧ
ܹĻǾͲһ˺١
ôţ¹ԭҰͿʼԥˣֻԥѣǾԵһݡ
𨲻֪ԥʲôǸܵ飬ӱסʲôҶһ𡣡
׶ˣ
Ǿͽ£
ڡ
¹ԭҰͻŮʿ˵һԼӦˣȻŮʿ¹ԭҰ˵СȺͷˡ
¹ԭҰ˵ˣǿԣǵùЩʱҪȥ̾һ֤СľӪʸ֤
أ͹ڰ£ǰҵ
룬һɽҲ֤Ҳġ
¹ԭҰ˵飬ҳͬⲻˣ֤ǲܸİ
ʾ¹ԭҰǿȸǮúӽԷ֮¹ԭҰʸ֤Ҳԡ
ѧÿһǧ¹ԭҰҾͶǧ롣
ǧԭϵĳɱҲ˵û¹ԭҰôߡ
Ͼ¹Ҳʲôвģ󲿷ֵʳҪͷ
߲ˣʳռ˿֧Ĵͷ
Ҫ¹ְ¹Ǳߵӡ֣¹ԭҰúúõغϼһ¡


21 
̾ĩǲϰģСľӪִҪԼȥģû飬¹ԭҰ϶ҲҪһġ
ҰӪҵִգǵȥģҲҪһڣĻڶпܵġ
¹ԭҰ֪ˣǵҲ
ȥ֤̾죬Ҫôε緹
Լ϶ǸϲˣҪǾ¹һҲˣǻܲɡ
˵֮ǰ¹ԭҰ˵ܻм캰Ҳûô
ǰ緹
¹ԭҰӦÿԡ
Ҫǰһ׼
ˣ±ɣ
׼±ˮݹ˽ǻҶƤУϳ⣬ơʳαǣһۡ
Ȼ׼ҪԵ±ˣ¹ԭҰϲǣҲ׼һĻȵ⣬ţ⣬ţ򣬼ἦצصĿԷźؼȡ
һСĺе׼̫˰һ£ֳֻܷɼˡ
ʳˮֳһҪĲ֣ʣȷһߡ
ϷŽﳴƣٰ̹ʳķŽȥʣµЩϣϸͿˡ
¹ԭҰǷڵ緹ģ±ˮʳĵ緹棬ѡģʽ¿ؾͿˡ
֮Ҳϰó緹άڱģʽŵԽã±Խζ
ķʽ¹ԭҰеʳȫˣڶκ¹׵ͽˣΪȷʱἸ¹ԭҰѼԿ׸¹ˡ
ְ軹ûлĻԼԿ׿ųԷְֻǰã㵽ʱǵøνôԷ֪𣿡
¹¹ԭҰ
¹׵ʱѼԿ׸ˡ
ΪҾѧУԱߣ¹ԭҰ¶ڼң¹׵꣬ûԼܹԿס
¹ԭҰ˸취ӰԿ״ϣȻϵϣһӦþͲˡ
֪ˣ¹ױ֤񣬵һҪʰְְ֣ܳ𣿡
¹ԭҰϾȥ˲ϣͿʼˣһ죬ﶼ±ζζ͸ԺţƮ˽ϣĹ˿ͱߵҲˡ
ǻΪļ±꿪ˣȥһ⣬ζ˰죬Ȼܵһӻˡ

Ϊ±ĵطȻһӻꣿ
ǻΪԼߴطˣζԴͷҽ˵֮ζŨˡ
ʵԵĹ˿;ֻܺƤϰ壬Ǽ׼Ҫ±𣿡
¹ڼҵһüˣԴ¹ԭҰش⣬ľߵ꣬û±Ŷ
¹׵Ļ˿ֻܰ˶顣
ֻζĹ˿˵κ¹˿˵ֲҵġ
˵Ļ⣬ܳԵ±ģǲִӺ˵𰡣
˿֪ţ뿪ζĹ¹׺ͻأ
ǸͶ㲻
Էʱȫζķûôˣ¹ײ꣬ûôǿʰ𨣬裬緹ĿԳ𣿡
ɰѱ
ǲа
˵ְ˵ûãҪϲſԡ
ҪʵԵĻƬؼǳǸζ졣¹ԭҰǵĻ˵
ǣ¹׺ͻξõһƬؼմӹ̳ؼǺ̵ģǾ͵ȵٳԡ
ؼǶƷζ⻹Ҫã˳ʱ±֮Ŀ϶±֭±֭ڵģζ̫أζҲ
ֻһжɴ֮ڿǻеһ΢΢𣬽δ
ĳɼõĻѾΪһƬؼдİֵСˣǲŸһ꼶¹׾ֻ֣óԣúó԰
ҿһƬ𣿡
¹գŴ۾裬ǲУ
¹ԭҰ¹ְּᶨؾܾǣƿӻмһ¹ԭҰ̽ͷ¹׺ͻΡ
С¹Σǽ˼ηˣ
˵±ζĴ׷ûôˡ
ǿѧоζǲɷָġ
±ζŴ׷ҲܲԵ±Ĵǡ
̲ס뷹뷹
¹׺ͻξͺްΪʲôҪһ뷹أ
һ뷹ǾͿٳһƬؼˣ
ǽ첻ٳˡԵĻͿˡ¹ԭҰԻνһ䣬ΣҪţûдˣǷǰãܳˡ
εͷ֪ˡ
ĥ¹׺ͻϳ͵ʱ־һΣһΡ
Ϊ֪ϲ¹ԭҰͰһ˻ؼˡ
һƬؼڲ̵һϣ滹һ±֭
֪С֭跹ϰߣ¹ԭҰûҸǶ̣࣬Ȼ¹׺ͻԼͬأСӰ±֭Ҩϡ
¹׳һڣ۾ͿʼˣŲȥ¹ԭҰְһ𣿡
Ա߸˵ļҳ¹׵Ĳ̣һ뷨ǣҵļҳʱ䣬رӰ˸̣͡
ڲ̣Ū̫ĻٸӣǺɰĺɰϽͺýںɰ˦ֱȣ϶Ǻ߸¡
ֻǼ򵥵һСĻǴòߵӾܡ
ҪҲ¹ԭҰеõۣϿһƬ͵£˵һλձ裬׼ı㵱Ǻܿɰ͡
ͲŪúÿһͷ
ŪģΪܿ¹ڵ־ȵı飬Ȼ
Ϊ±һעȫˣ¹ԭҰͺûгɾ͸С
´ҲŪֶˡ
˻̵ģպãȥԷúóԷֻܳһ뷹¹ԭҰ÷в¹ףǽһ׼
¹Ŵͣôԣ
ôóԵļ⣨¹ײ֪ؼ𣩣϶Ҫ뷹ģ
ְ֣
ְ㲻ôġ¹֮ǰҪְֵļƻС¹ڻڳ壬Ҫ뷹ſԡ
ڵĺӣǺٻԼԷҪ뷹
ڸ˵ǸҳˣʣҺӶô̵ģҼԷСһھͺˣݵСһ
ȥҽԺˣ˵Ӫ֮⣬ûб⣬ֻҪԷͿˡǶԷɣ򵥣Ǹ⡣
ĳԱˣҳҲԷǸճԽȥûã³ˡ
ǺӲԸԷԲȥ
¹ԭҰҵԼԷҪ뷹ԻҪż
λҳĽˣ¹ԭҰѧܳ뷹һ뷹Ϳˡ
ûôţʵȻ˵뷹ӵķʵװ˶٣ҲԳˣڶ뷹ֻһ룬صÿɵģһ㡣ҪȻ뷹¹ײóɴ
Ҳֻһ뷹Ҳܹ
Ǿŷֱʮһֱѡ
õһǣ¹׻֪ģԼԱˣֿڳԵģ˾ܾˣҲͻˡ
ûʲôؾҲϲԵĶ϶ҪڵġǼ¹ֻǲʳѣеĶϲԶѡ
¹ԭҰԼʳء
ǿ߲ˣһ£Ǽûгֹ߲˵Ӱӡ
¹ְ¹Ͻѵ¹˵ʳ¹ԭҰˣһӶеġ
ȻͱԼİְָˣ˵Ƕӣ˵¹ףѧѧ
ô˻ʳ
Ȼ񻰣
Ϊ¹ԭҰ֪¹ְ¹ҲԼԵĶ
󳦣¹ԭҰûп˳Լҵķϡ
һΪǲܳԵģǺȥض飬տ̯ϳԵ˿󳦣Ϊˡ
ǲڼԼģ
ÿֻӵе٣һô


22 
±õģ¹ҪͣȻûġ
ҪϳˣͲ𣿡¹ԭҰڰгţ⣬˳ָԱߵ¹׺ͰͶιһƬ
ԵĲһ
¹Ҹס׽
һ룬ͻȻְָղŵ⣬ѽְô֡
Աһ棬ŵȫ±¹Ҹţһߡ
ʮأ
ô֣С¹ôܻ尡¹ԭҰһ鼦צ¹׸ˣȿмצְ緹
ΪҪȥ֣̾¹ԭҰص˸磬˳Լ͡
ͣƻͦģȰѵ¯˳ְһƽڵ¯档
ȹȺˣóֽպһ£ȻҨ䷽Ҳͦӵģۣۣۣȼˮһ£ˡ
ѧʱ¹ԭҰͺϲ֮ͣûԹˣֺһڣܵԱ䷽һͰѼؼˡ
໴¹׵Ŀֹ
ҪңҲǰݳˡ
һ£õ¯ƽˡ
ڹУѣһĹ߰ƽȻȥ
ż棬ùΰĨˣȸ뷭棬Ѵ죬ٷ棬Ž˴У࣬ٷˣҲԼӵ㳴棬κԼϲϡ
¹ԭҰڴѧԵǼңͻ
¹ԭҰһΣ´ȥͶҪ
¹һӳģҪһ˵ģ¹ԭҰѡȫҪ
ְǸٿԼСǲģ¹ܾԼˡ
ڱ±ţˣ
ְֺüթ
Ϊ˲ְ֣¹Լֶ±ţڼ棬ȻһҧȥЧһһġ
һӲʲôʱ䣬׼ϡ
ԼļӣǳʵܳСӡ
һͳŵôˡ
¹׵С鵽ſ¹һѧȥˣ¹ȥѧ¹ԭҰϢһѶһգҪǰ±һУڵ¹ƽʱԷĲϡ
ΣյĶ¹ԭҰǲ¹׸ɵġ
һж׼֮¹ԭҰͰʽš
ֹ̾ǰ˵뿪ʼϰģԳо¹ԭҰ˺þãŰҪõЩŪá
Ͼ¹ԭҰΨһһεľ飬Ѿںüˣǰ飬¹ԭҰǵãǸе㲻ͬҪҲһ˷Щʱ䡣
ȵ¹ԭҰͰŪ֮󣬽ͲҪʲôˣȹ̾Ǳ˾ˡ
ѧԷĵطһ¥ǰӻ꣬ǳӲԺӽţԺǱһͺͨĴš
¹ԭҰڼ˼õȫ涨
֤Ӧûġ
뵽ԵؼϳԵļצ±ţ⣬뵽ķˡ
¹׺޲ھ磬ϾܳϷˣԽڴʱ͹Խ˺þúþãֻڿŶ
¹׺þɥ¿ζˡ
С¹μΣ氡İֺ˼վڰ༶ſںС顣
һӦ¹ȥˡ
ڿɱﻵˣ
дҵһ֣йģʦҪһ ξдҵɳд갡
˵ڶ ΣʦͲдҵˣдйĵϰ


ڶ ¿ζߵˣҲûдйĵϰʦֳйĵϰдԼҵ
ÿγζҪд˵Ҳȫдꡣ
ܺСģֻѧУĿμʮˡ
̫ˣ
ʲôο˷ˡ
ִӿڴͳԲԲĿƬŵĶƬܱߣʳһſƬ
СϲռֿƬˡ
濨ƬؾʹӦˡ
ţ˼ͻȻ¹һ⣬С¹ְʲôζ㰡ѧؼҵʱŵˡ
ҲŵˡŶȥйĵʱҲŵˣйʶСҲ˵ζ㡣
֣Ҳǡ
Ұְ±󡣡¹׷ֵĿƬЩƬҲУǰְֲѧУ
ЩƬ¹ԭҰ¹׵ģ۸һЩȫ
Ұְ˺֣ܶҾͳԵţ⣬צؼûԵ¹˵
ְǲҪóȥԲ԰ֲ²
ĻǾ̫ˣҪȥС¹һ㡣
Ҳ֪Ұְ粻ڼңҺνһԷҰְֻҪҪ¹һ£˵ԵĻҿԷһ㳢
ֻһ㣬Ϊҵ緹
ֻҪܳԵĻܵ˶٣
ֺ˼гһھʹӦˡ
ɽ¹ʦζӻſˣ¹׻û
û˿ţֻſڵš
˶ʮӣ¹ǰųɶλƵشſڳˡ
һ꼶Ͷ꼶Ѿ߹ˣ꼶ҲѾʼѧˡ
ڵȵΣ˲óεĲԸС̫ĸʦϿˣ±󣬵ֲܲߣֻܴ󺰣С¹ţ
İɼμΣһŵġ
νһ£ϾͿš¹״Կ棬ת˼ȦžͿˡ
ŻκСȥ֮¹ְŸˡ
ذѿյ򿪣¹װѷڱŸӵĲóˣźϵ롣
Ѿź˲ˣǿյġ
¹װæŲ̣Լȥ緹Ŵ򷹣ǹ̵ġ
Ǹźϵ룬ѿˮȥǽˡ
κ¹Ѿϰǰӻ̨Ա߳Էˣ˺˲̣ҪǱߣСβ͡
¹״Ӧûֺ˼ѡ
кܶ±󣬵ÿ±󶼲ֺ࣬˼˰죬һѡ˼ᣬһѡ˼
ֺ˼л¹֮󣬾ǣ뿪ˡ
ǵİ༶¿֮ûؼң¹׵İ༶ſڵţѾ˺ܳʱˣҪٲؼң˾Ҫˡ
β֪Ҫѡʲô¹׾ͰѡһóԵļצ
¹׺ͻҪʼԷˣ֮ǰξóһ㵱С
ͳؼξͺϲ֪¹ԭҰͰ𨲻ڣ͵͵ذѱ㵱дˡ
Ű±ؼңʱԺһԡ
ÿֵķ࣬ΪҪؼңԻסˣ˷
Ϊֻ跹Իβûмӷһ룬ˡ
¹ԭҰͰ𨵽ҵʱ򣬻Ѿˣ¹ԼԼӷرʵϣӵúܶ࣬ͳԲ˰
֪˷ѣ¹׾Ϳʼڵ䡣
һ㣬пռˣܼ
ְֻ¹׿ˣϽͣ½ŲڵϣģسԷ
ʣС뷹緹ķҲкܶ࣬¹ԭҰûɣʼԼ͡
Ͷˣ¹ײŽ꣬˸ܴıã¹Ҫȥдҵˡ
۾¹ǿ˯дҵʵ̲ס¹׾ſ˯ˡ
˯˯˳ԣ¹һֻС¹ԭҰشϣӣǰСʱ¹ѣҵûдء

ֺ˼һ߳ż/һ߻ؼңҵʱ򣬾ֻʣ¹ͷˡ
͹ͷǻ᲻أ¹ԭҰ±ζͷ涼ζ
Ҳû˼ʲôΪʳϽ˹ȥԷ
˼Ͱѹͷ̣̿С¹ҵļᣬɺóˣҲȥһòã
̴ϻ۾һ򣬼ᰡ
ģ
Ȼˡ
ʹС¹ûУ
˼ҡҡͷС¹˵ְԼġ
˼֣¹ԭҰ±ζûƮǱȥȻҲ֪
ȥʺòã
һȥɡ˼󣬡С¹ְ˺ö֣Լȥ
ô򵥵ҪʲôܴӦģ̾ͬˡ


23 
Ϊ˳С¹Ӧ±, νƴˣ
ŬддȻһ̬дˣ
Ȼּʲݣж˰
ʦôˣҵдô찡븨ߵ¿ΣаСʱء
ʦҵд˿ȥѧУ𣿡ʡ
, ȵҶд, ʦһȥ, ʣµʱҪҪſ˯һдҵһ꼶Ѿſˡ
Щ˯ˡ
йſ, ΪС¹˵±һֱû˯š
ʵ±ʲô, ûʲô, ǳ֪ţ, צʲô
ǺܺóԵ⣡
ĸζϲÿܳԵ, Ǿͺˡ
һſˮһ߽صȴò׵ȵ¿, ˯ŵСǱʦһһѣ׼ȥѧУˡ
źö, նյһ꼶СѾСѼһҡҡڰڵȥѧУˡ
Ϊһ꼶Сѧʵ̫СˣʦǱҪǽȥѧУģǽУˣʦˣֱˡ
ÿСѧѧУУѶͨУţװУԱߵļ⵽оƬź, ԶͶŵҳֻ棬߼ҳǽѧУǳѧУˡ
ǱϾյˣֵǣθսУţôֳˣ
벻ͨĳȵϿٿûȥѧУٴ绰Ҳ١
γУţȥʲôطȻС¹
С¹ʱ¹дҵ˭֮ǰ˯ˣֻڲ˰
İҲԼһƴдš
Ҳ֪С¹Ǵʤֱ˵ҵϣǣѧҲȫԣҲҪ
ÿдˣҪ¹ԭҰæһ¡
¹ԭҰ黹ϡ
Ǿͽ¹ԭҰǸϲϼˡ
ιˣ¹æдҵûոüצֻðְְæһ£õ˼צ֮󣬳ξ͹ԹԵڵϿżצжˡ
С¹д𣿡οżצʡ
¹׿дҵ־ͲƽʱôԼҴææʰдˣμԺ𣿿ҪϿˣ
Σ
Ͽˣ
צûпкأ
С¹ȵңϾͺáͼѼצżצѧУ
Ǳ¹ԭҰֹˣצСͷ˲עⶼῨοӣ
ҪΪļצҭסˣиʲôһ¹ԭҰе¹ԭҰǿҪΰѼצ³ûͲҪˡ
´ٸһצ
Ҫצ᲻ļצС¹ְֿ׵ӣû취ֻˡ
ȥѧǴ˵Ŀʱ⡣
˵ţ¹ԭҰͰֽ˰¹䣬˰İæ¹ԭҰֿٳ˼˵أЩ߲ˡ
Ѿ磬͵Ŀɰˡ
¹ԭҰһ䣬棬һ˶ߵ÷羲š
ȵʱ򣬷ʲôʱ÷Զ÷ԡ
÷ҪܹҹҪ뵽˵ֵزҪȵ֮󣬿ҪԵֵ÷Ҫеõأ
¹ԭҰȴܿģ˵ģԼǵõĻȴסˡ
ʵ¹ԭҰ
ҪȰܳԵ÷
Ͳʱ¹ԭҰˡ
ˣɽ
¹ķһеĹɰһͨ÷˲䳤⻹򵥣
ǣ¹ԭҰͼǰ÷ǰһһسɳȻ
⻹¹ԭҰһο÷ӡ
÷Ļһһģÿһ϶ʮʮ
Ĺʵÿƹô
¹ԭҰ÷Ʒһģһÿʮ
ڴؿ¹ԭҰ㲻𣿡
¹ԭҰڿ佱иʰ𨣬÷컨ڷۣôû۷İ£÷ģ
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۷ҲܲӣҪǻյʵķۣΨһǡ
¹ԭҰ±ݡ
ƻͱˡ
ڲһˣа𨰡
¹ԭҰţҪȻ
ڰ¹䣿
۷䣬¹ֲܹˡ
Ψһǰǡ
۷˰¹֮󣬹𣿡
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޵؇Nɪһ£¹ԭҰδ֮⡣
ˡ¹ԭҰȥ
ֻֿʱ򣬰¹ԭҰȴǱ˰Сʱһ
ǰվ𣬰ȦֻС۾ĵؿˣĿ
Сʵܴģһֱ¹ԭҰôţ֪ںԼˡ
綼ҪؼҵģûԷǰ¹ԭҰͳ˵ģǻԷ¹ԭҰ͵õȵԺܻȥ
ؼҾֱӵųԷˡ
ǵһٷҪؼҳԣ¹ԭҰ͵磬Զǵȵε֮ſʼģ֮ǰͺͻŮʿ˵ˣŮʿҲʾ⡣
¹Ҳ֪֮󣬾дҵҪȥ̼֮ǰҵͨͨд꣬Ȼʹʹ档
Ȼ¹ԭҰɿڰס죬Ϊ¹䲢ֻһطȥ
ֻҪ¹ԭҰ룬ĸŶԡ
Ƿ㣬Ŷܽȥʱιصظϻؼҡ
ûãؼһ˵˼ţǼˡ
С¹𣿡̲ʶڹ̨İ𨣬һ䡣
¹ԭҰӳ̽ͷڣʲô𣿡
˵Ǽ±С¹һ˺ϲܲһ㣿ʡ
еΪˡ
էһ¹ԭҰ˺ܶӣʵϣֻΪܶ࣬ÿʵһġ
Ȼ֮ҲûãΪζʵڲ¹ԭҰͰ𨶼ϲĹϵ
ѾкüǵԹ˵ġ
缦צһһ͸ˡ
һＦצ࣬ʵĲࡣ
ʣЩ¹ԭҰʹ绰ؼң˵ҪӸˣ¹ϵʱʢһЩ
ʵΪ˻ӭ𨡣
¹Ҳ֪飬ҲʾҪӸˡ
겻ڲڵģͻȻҪôã¹軹е֣ǺӶԣҲ·ѹر¹ѽҲ
ϸھû
Ҫûʲô£¹ȻҪѽ򺰹Էⲻǳϱһμ
֪ʲôӦýͽʲô
ǡ
ûмӰ࣬ԼҲźһݷĸģȴԼһڼңԼԼԡ
˵Ǻܱˡ
Ϊԭ±ЩûҪĻǿõؼ
û⣬ؼҲɰɡ
¹ԭҰͱʾǮһЩ̳̳һ飬ζȷʵãҲҪ¹ԭҰˣҪֱ
Ķ֪ζ϶ϲ
Ϊ˱ǸТӺԵģ̾ǶһЩȽϺá
С¹ְжپͶװϰɣ̿һϵ̫̫
һĿڶϲ̿ɲö
˵С¹ְĩǲڵģҲ£ǼҳԵꡣ
¹ԭҰЦãûôؼֻжˡ
ʲôС¹ְ𣿡̿ɲ⣬С¹ְ־ô˵˰򰡣
¹ԭҰ
̫̫ͦ󣬻ôС
¹ԭҰֻð𨿴꣬Լȥ˲˳һˡ
Ҳˣ¹ְ¹¹ҲϲڣĽɣ
ؼҡ
¹ԭҰţ¹˸绰°֮ؼңǵ߽һ£е࣬С¿Ų¡
¹˸ۣ˵ʲôʱԼʻ֤һˣ㻹򳵣
¹ԭҰͲ򳵡
򳵶಻㰡
ҪͣλгǮʱʶǮ
¹ԭҰҪҵˣС¿ˡ
¹һİۣôôˣ
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24 
ؼǱȽϺ, ֭ţ⣬ܲҪʱ, , һ, ؼͳˡ
ȥгʱ䣬ʱҲൽ˻ηѧʱˡ
ν, ¹ԭҰڹˮ, ˮ֮, ߷ŵ, һ˵±⣬һؼһɰ, ٰ˼ӵСˡ
ƻ̵ģ֣
γԷˣ˻ιųԷ
ѾС¹ţϲڹ̨ϳ, ȵڵӦǲܻӭһַ
뿴, ΧǱƵ˴ĸ£ǰɢŹ
˵һǸ棬оҪº
¹ԭҰҵĵǿſյġ
Ȼеݳޣ¹ԭҰҲԼû뵽һ㾹Ȼ֮ϲ
ЩѧУﱻȵùǺСǣϲ, ¹ԭҰĵˡ
ǿܾһǮĶһǮȻڵ
¹ԭҰҲϿͣЩСӣûҪǼƽС£ҲǿţСӲһҲһ¡
Ϊ¹ԭҰ֪ʱСѧӵ˾޴һԾΪСѧĿϲӻϰ塣
ֻҪ¹ԭҰĵ꿪ţǾϲ¹ԭҰĵ
Ҳ֪¹ԭҰĵǲŵģͺΪˣϲֲ꣬꣬ϰ׬ǮԼ
֪¹ԭҰҪߣ֪¹ԭҰҪߣһ԰ɣ¹һȥԼ顣
¹ԭҰóô죬Ҫȵ֮
һ£гֵʱԳԷúõζ
±͵͵شˣûгΪҪȵϻؼ֮󣬺һܳԵû뵽ܳԵˡ
û֪εðҸСݡ
سڵΪĹϵһ㶼ȣγԵú棬棬Ǿ޽еζһ
Աߵ˿ú۲¹Ҳһ
νó𣿡
ܺóԣθ¹˸ĴָһѰĸо±ⱻеģȫջεϰߣѺóԵ
±м䣬
ҧʱ䲻ؾͻԵһ±⣬бϲ
ҲŶʱҲ¹׳Էʱ㣬Ϊ˺ܶ෹¹ײǺܶŶӺ¹ԭҰ˵ְ֣Ҳܳһ𣿡
¹˵˵
ҲһŶ
һ߽ŵڵһֺܺóԵζ
¹ԭҰڳؼµζ
ӳƮֱ
ԣҪ̼ҳԷѾ÷ˡ¹ԭҰֶԻ˵һ³겻ҪߣжҪ㡣
Ȼ͵͵¹˵ˣæܡ
¹ͣһСľ˵©ˣ¹ԭҰνͳһ뷹
԰¹ԭҰǲǻν첻ʲôģͱ¹һ£һʾʳˡ
ԭǰѲ˶˰ΪܺóԣԴؼҷָԡ
¹ԭҰҲкӵˣͺУеСжðɣǺܸжҪӵ¹ԭҰǲϵģ
ȵγ극֮¹ԭҰһװż±ıʴŽεİ棬˼ƿɱˮŽε
Լ±⣬ûмӱĶں̣ܶĻܿͻỵˣЩԱߣӳıڡ
һξ̲ס죬µ¹֪ˣ¹ûֱ˵ξ֪
¹άӰ
лл¹壬֪ˡεСúӣ֪ʳ׻Ǹ㵱УҲȥ˶ɱϷġ
ҲһֱСģӦûл
ΰϣ¹ԭҰͷȥѧУɡ
·ϣεĽŲԽԽᣬ¹̫ˣ
ߺ¹ԭҰ¹ȥ˼ؼȥˣҲһ鼦ᣬһȣһ±ܲȻûа취ָ̫࣬ûġ
¹׺ܻܿˣʱһʮǮֳ
ؼζã۸񲻹ҪʮǮ¹ԭҰʹոɱˣ˵Ǯ𣿡
˵̾ҪôࡣСС¹׻ûΪʲôҪôడ
̸ô࣬ǲ֪𣿡¹ԭҰӹ̨˶ʮǮС¹Ǯ͹ȥ
¹ԭҰҲ뵽̲ǮĿԣǮ̣֮ǾͿԳˡ
˺ܶóԵģ㲻Ե𣿡
кóԵģ¹׸ɾͺ㣡
ǮţûһͻˣѧŶƬӣ¹ԭҰһ񣬡ְ֣ˣ
ܺãùѾˣùõĳ߰ɡ¹ԭҰѾҪȥ±󣬷ŵ¹ˣֻʣ¹ˡ
¹׿ְֵС¿еԻƽʱڰְֵĵ綯ѽΪʲôˣ
˶ã¹ԭҰС¿кŰռλõ裬¹ͻȻһɱˡ
ǰְֺݰݡŰְֺŵ¿Զȥ¹ӡ
оԼʲôпʵһ
˵¹ĳ
С¹ϵϰȫҪˡű˵¹ף¹ʮ֮ͬ飬һеۡ
ʮ˰
ôûϳ¹ԭҰʵһأ
ᣡ
̫ˣ
С¹Ұ㡣ͬںĽīҪæϵȫѾ
¾Ͱ¹ϵ˰ȫ
¹ԭҰȳǸǵ¿ôֱȵùС
ûǡ
ڵʱŶ
ʾ֣°࣡
°߷ڣСسҲǻ³ģ
¹رסˣֻ͸¹ԭҰŰ𨣬˵ıӰȥ
ùãҰְѾˡ¹ŤͷŬ׷ӰǺܿ컹¹׵ʧˡ
СС͵¹ףѾᵽڲӪںζʲôġ
ڰְֵĵ¿Ŷ
īҲΪС¹żǻ𣿡
¹ˣÿʱ鲻ԽĽ¹ԭҰС¿
СµʱС¿ȴԴԱߵķǻߣ±ĳ
Ҳ߰¹ƵⲻܿƵġ
ʲôʱ߰
һ³Ͷ˰Сʱ¹ԭҰͰ͵ˣ¹ԭҰͰֱ¹ְ¹衣
ɲ¹ԭҰļƻ֮ڡ
Ҷ극˵ģʱҪ˵
¹ԭҰᶨִԭƻ
ѡ¹ԭҰظһ䣬̸ѡ
ʵڲѺѵĹϵǺϷķϵ
ɽϵĻ񣬿Ǻܶ˶֤˵ġ
κ˶ʵǱ֤˵ġ
¹ԭҰʵҲܺ棬ɽչһֱѡŮ֪꣬ô£Ͼٰɽļ峤ͻȻҵ
¹ԭҰʮֿܵģϾŮװ
Ϊ˵¹ԭҰ˼Ҹ˷ı꣬Ǹʱ¹ԭҰѧ¡
ǱƵġ
ǾͱǮԻۣŮװһأһ
¹ԭҰԼ׬ˡ
ŮװС׬һ㻨Ǯ׬ôѣ
๫

еƲסأ
¹ְֱ¹ԭҰͻȻһŵˣҲ̫˰ɣ㷢𣿡
û¹ԭҰŬסˡ
ڲʱȥ֮ʰ𨣬ôͻȻѡأ
˵Ǽ峤¹ԭҰԼ⡣
ҪûСǼ峤ôŮѡ£ѡ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰźðɣ
һҪʰ𨡣
𨵽ôһģ˵Ե
ǰҲһԣ
ȥ֮ҪʣǸʱ¹ԭҰǵõĻ


25 
п, ΪŮ˵¹϶Ҫдġ
¹ˮлӣֵˮŷµĹ, ͵͵ذ¹ԭҰһۡ
, пҪô˵
ʱ׼
¹軹Ǳֵú, ͸Сѧʱ¹ԭҰͬѧؼһ
ʱ¹ԭҰͬѧŵˡ
Ҳ¹ԭҰˡ
㲻ÿ, ôдģôд, , а𨡣¹ԭҰһ, Ұ裬һ㡣
¹ԭҰϾ仰ǰʾһ°ʵ, Ҳ̵棬¹ְ¹ȫû׹
Ҳ¹ԭҰ֮С
¹ԭҰ°仰Ѱ, ҪֱӺĸ
˵ø׵, ׵Ҳûᡣ
˫Ӯ
¹ԭҰһѣǸС
ô뵽ôõİ취ģ
¹ûл¹ְֺ¹ԭҰһһ죬¹ȥˣϲԷ˺ܶˣҳԲ˾ܳԱˡ
֮ǰ绰˵Ҫ, ûУ¹ְʡ
Աˣǳ¹ԭҰش
¹ְ֣
ʲô
ˣò¿İɣ
ˣղ˵Ʒ֣ѵм٣
ײ׵ģ¹ְֲֲȥ̻ǳ¡
ԷģģԼѡ˰
Ļ֪ʲôײ׵ģ
ȷˣ¹ְʣҸ㣬Ҫ뷴ڵĻɲ㶵װ
ǲŲأ
ͶôˣѾݽˣʱˣǿɲ
¹ԭҰ˵ǾͰķŶɣҲŲ˦ǣ˵ˣֶҪǲˣѵֱɱ˳˰
¹ְ롭
Ŷ
󣬲Ϲ߲ˣνĳڣʲôʱԶԡ
ɱϵܶЩѡ
СҲǲܳԡ
¹ְֻûгԹأ
˵Ҳܳ
ôһ룬¹ְͻȻеڴء
¹ԭҰ
ȫ㲻ֵ·ʲôˡ

ԼǰСʱң¹ϼҴڵصˡ
¹ͣ¹׾ͽ⿪ȫ򿪳űˣҰ衣
ôһأ
ôһأ
ְ֣¹״ŽţȻ󡭡
¹ԭҰס졣
Բ¹¶ڣ
ҴЩԵĻһӦð᲻꣬ȥæ¹ԭҰ˰һ
⣬վҪȥæ
ŵ¹ԭҰû˵ȥᶫġ
¹׵ġ
С¹Ҹ˵Ȼ㲻֪ܺ𣿡¹ԭҰ˵
¹װ¹ԭҰָȥˣǵģ
ְҵô˵
Ϊʲôѽ¹׿ɲäӵСʲô֮ǰҪΪʲôģ
ƾʲô谡
谡
С¹뿴ŻүүǲǴûм裿
¹룬û
ˣϸ죬ûлүү̼ңڲүү̵һμ衣
үүڻ֪С¹裬Ҫȳ극֮󣬸һϲԲǰ˵©֪𣿡
¹ǸҪ֪ΪʲôôСͬʱҲһƭС
¹ԭҰɣȻɹذ˵ˣ
¹ױ˸Ȧʾû⣬ϲģҲϲϲˣ
¹ˣʹԿˡ
¹֪¹ʱ䣬Ҳǲŵ¹Ҳû
˺ܶˣȫǻˣز˾ôԼ±һУٰѴ¹ְ¹ϴһϴǼˡ
¹ѩ̻¹ԭҰ˼ѽ¹׵ϱ棬ɫ˲ѩ̵ֵһȼ
Ҳֵˡ
ζ
ѩ̻ѩ̣ѻѣûײرĻ𻨡
СӾϲڵĶ
īԼѩ̣˾ҲҪ
ԱߣΪʲô
¹Ҳ˼ѽȥеСԴס
лл裡
Сѩ̵ıϡš
˾Ϳʼ졣
ǿˣʱ򣬾ͲܰѿƲһߣԼĵÿģ¹ְ¹辡չ˵顣
һģһʰĹʲô
Сɽɽ񣬼ﵱȻСɽ
ɽ˰¹ְֵ˵ͷԼԲˡ
¹ԭҰϰæͣ漮СɽģǼʵͰˡΪʧ趨õġ
ʲôģ¹迴Īϲ
С᳤úãѧֲͥҲܿԣҪǻиûг޵Ů¹϶Ҫ֡
ˮ
ϧûС
ˣ

Լϰģ²ҵ¹ԭҰһȻشˡ
¹ְ־˰˼Ұأشʲôǰ𣿡
ⷹҲԵòˣ¹ԭҰְ̹׵ˣȣС¹ССӸߡ
ҲԱˡ
С¹С˳Ա˾ȥǱ߿ӡ
Сߺ¹ԭҰŸˣơ
¹ְôĪϤأ
ǰҲôһΡ
ˣˣ
¹ԭҰТӵδ̹׵ʱҲôһУ
Ǹ֣Ҫ˵飬ҽѾ֪ˡ
޹ʱcue¹񣺣
ȥģ
æôң
׵ܵ
ֵܵ˭Ҫ˭ߣͣ
ʵţǡϹ¹ԭҰһģ˵ˡ
¹񰲾缦˿̵Ҳ죬ȴĬĬظ¹ԭҰһĴָУ

¹¹ְֲϹרҵǻΪϹأ
ǰһڣеΡ
ǵǶûдɣ
ûдɣ
ôʮȥˣûȢϱԼ޳ȥأ
¹л㱵ػԼղŵ뷨ˮվԼҵ
ʵӵģǰʶ˰𨣬Ȼ̸ѣٺС¹ǰҲ֪˲ӣе⡣
С¹֮壬һֱͷ壬Ҳ֪ġ
¹ԭҰѾƴˣþ˱ݼ
Ҹоǳá
ԼȥԱˣ
¹˿Ѿȳˣǳж
ҪȻʹӦɣġ
Ȼͱ¹ְϵףϵ¹ұ죡
¹ԭҰҲ㣬ǲǵɵģ
¹ԭҰ¹ȡ
¹׵ʱɶ˰¹ְ⻰¹ԭҰһ¡
ɣ
ǵʱϾʹС¹ᵽѧУǱȥˣԼһ˴˰
ô̵ʱ䣬Ӧ÷ֲ˵İɡ
ĪĪթأ
С¹裬Ӧò˰ɣ¹ְֿڳ֮
¹ԭҰ
¹˵乫ô˰
赱С¹򲼵ʱ򣬿ǿС¹ƨиβ͵ġβͶ̵úܣ¹赱ˣţͺ¹ְ˵ˡ
˶С¹βĥ˰죬ûпβʲôƷֵġ
ǻһȻ¹׿ܲģ̽һ¹ԭҰķӦǾ֪¶¹ԭҰ϶֪أ
ټ¹ԭҰóӼ϶ǵӰ
͵С¹ǻѪˡ
Ѫúð
¹ⳤ࣬īȲϡ
¹ԽԽϲͺܺڵ̽¹ԭҰŵߣҫ
Կ䡣
ȫֵ۷壡
ϵǶûÿ
¹ĵӾԣǰӺɿɲǰ׿ģ˺ǲһġ
˵С¹ΪһȻҲʲôʲôطأ
ͨˣǮ˶Ըˣοأ
Ҳûд¹ԭҰףϾ˰

ȫģ
С¹ĲǸŮһ
͡
¹Ѿ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǶƻˣС¹㲻ˣҲܹϱ
Ҫôܣ
¹ھ侲һ¡
Ǿֱӽ˰ɣʲô⣬Ѿ¹¹ְֺܾˣ
Ǹë׵Ķβ͡
ΪмΪƷ֣


26 
, Ҳ˵𣿰СɽСɽʲô˵㲻һ𣿡¹ԭҰ˵
¹ְŬСɽ˵δСɽʲô
԰𨲻¹ԭҰһ䡣
Сɽɽ񣿣¹ˡ
¹ԭҰϲˡ
ȵȣһ þûв廰¹ľ, Ϣ̫, ôһ, ¹ԭҰ֮ǰ˵ЩȫǼٵģ, 𨲻ˣСɽɽ񣿣
¹ԭҰ˵, ɲ, ǲοŵ趨
¹Ǽ˹, ѹ˵趨رϤ
ԭ
¹ԭҰУ
¹ְ֮С¹Ʒ⣬ڵõ˽
¹Ѫ
СɽɽĴ˵¹ְҲƳС¹β͵ʲôβ, ǰ¹
𰸾ͷǰС¹С¹ؽţôûβͿǰ¹أ
ǸССһ, ְװ׵ġ
¹赱ʱµˣ
û뵽ǰ¹
ഫСɽɽһֻ¹, ںˮٵʱɽɽµĴԺ󣬱µĴΪ˸лɽľ֮Է֯ɽ
ǰ޽ɽɽ񣬾һܵİ¹
ôʶģ¹ְ벻ͨǿɽ񰡣
ôͿǼ¹ԭҰأ
벻ͨ, 벻ͨ
Ǵɽ£ǲ֪ȥˣʱ޸¡ڿɽˣɰ¹ԭҰţƻˡ
ǵġ¹ԭҰĴ𰸣ڷСʱͼˡ
ĺӶǷģȺӵĵܡ
ɽСɽ£ĺӿ˵ǴССɽųġ
һΣ¹ԭҰСȥСɽ׽Բأ춼ˣС鶼ؼˣ¹ԭҰǲӰ
֪Сɽ׽Բأ˶ˣϽ֯ȥҡ
¹ڻǵã죬һڼ￴ңܻܵˣʹ绰衣
һ淢ֵ¹ԭҰ¹ԭҰ˯øһ¹ְֱŻؼˣ˭֪¹ԭҰʧٵǰ췢ʲô顣
¹ԭҰʱԼҲ˵
ڰĽУǶʧȥļ䡣
¹ԭҰǻİ¹䣬еȻ˰Ϸ㵱ҵɣ֪ʱͰԼ޳ȥˡ
¹׳֮󣬰𨰴յԼȢ¹ԭҰˡ
¹ýζ֤һ䣬ʵȸʣ
ɰ鰡
ôôʺأ
֪˵ɽ࣬¹ԭҰһ㶼ģ˵ˣʹӦ飬ҪǲҵĻǲǶҪȢ˰
ߣǴˣ
ĬĬǣ¹ԭҰ֣Ŀڣֻ㣬ԡ
¹¹ְ¹ᡣ
ע㳡
ô˿
¹뵽¹ԭҰЩνԼߵؼ߲ˮҲ뵽ˡ
ҪôóԵ߲ˣţ
ô¹ԭҰţ
ƾʲô
ƾ
¹ԭҰ棬¹˼˵ɶһģ𣡡
ο¹ԭҰֲ¹۾˵Ϲ
ɣɣ
нָнȣǶûУ
ұɡ¹ְֶ¹˵ͷ
¹תңóһСӣһԺصĽӣӣǵ¹ʱһԣһһԡ
ϱ⻰˵еѣ¹ְҪʱܶϱʵˣӾ͸ɡ
ллְ֣衣x2
ǾɣǹģҺҲܲǡ¹ְֻ˻֣̬ܺá
ȵȣ¹֣ǶС¹βˣû̫ƽ˰ɣ
ɸ߿ɣ¹¹һۣԼٶȥС¹βʲôӵġ
ٶ϶У
뿴ʲôɫͿʲôɫġ
С¹βͣһñ֪ˡ¹ְֺܵġ
¹ԭҰܵС¹βԴ·֮󣬾ҲûгˣԼ֪Լβ͡
æ䣺¹׸ļ̳˷ǱߵѪͳԺһȫȫˣСʱβͻһֱڣٳˡ
ûĻġ
Ͼ𨻹أСɽɽֻǰ𨡣
һСƨ˵Ļ¹ҲһܳΪɽ
ΪɽСɽԼѡģʼҲСɽϵһֻ¹ѡ
Сɽܲѡ¹Ϊɽ񣬲ǰܹƵġ
ֻҪɽʧ𣬲Сɽ飬һֱСɽɽ
¹ԭҰΪɽˣҲ
¹ԭҰе㲻֪룬һСľʼʵ
ôһоûأ
¹ԭҰ˯ţûɧŰ𨣬ܻܾˣ̫ף¹ԭҰûʵа
ʱ֤ģ˯ŵĻ硭
˯ŵС¹ںٺٺٵĹбѵС¹ŵϰǷ˰¹䡣
ߵ鷢Ŷ
ˣǸС¹ܵðɡ
У
һҹս¹ԭҰȲʹڴϱű˯硣
˶ˣûС
¹Цһ£ܰҪҪϰӰ
¹ԭҰǳˣ֮鰡
Ҫؼҵ𣿡ܸҴӣ
ء¹ƲƲ죬¼¹ԭҰֻܣˣ˵ҲҪסһ죬û취ֻܴӦˡ
⻹ã˵㰡ԲŹ۰衣¹ԭҰ˵
Ҷ棬˾Ǵģ¹֪ܲ
ϣī˿һСʱĵ绰࣬ȫڷϻ
һ˵Լϳ˺ܺóԵ⣬кܲһڱԼĽ¹
費ðְ
С˵ǲǺܹ֣
ǽǿҪҪīԱԮ
¹񣺡Ǽһһ͹緹ˣָҪ¹ԭҰ±Ҫܿȥˡ
Ϊʲôˡ
ǵȻǽٳһٴ
˳Ͱʶһ¡
飬¹ͽ˵һ֣ɽǲ־û˵
Ͼһ֪һַա
Ʒ¹εģһ棬¹ԭҰûӦ¹Ͳ˵
һ棬ƷԣǱߵƷԡ
¹޹ȥôЩ꣬Ųסͽĵܵһס
ƽʱϲƫǱҲˣǽĵϱܰռˣ¹һ˲Կĸԡ
ƽʱܽԿģҲǼˡ
ΪͲ˺ܶĦ
ϵ˵ֻǺƽֻҪТ˳ĸͺ˰
ڵϱǱߣϹȥˡ
ʲô˰Ҽ˺ܶ࣬Ҫʲôȥժˡ
Ҫ;£ǵȳԾˡ¹ֻرɡ
¹ԭҰ˸Ȧʵokƣ¹Ǻѧġ
һһңɳϣһģһ̲ס²ۣҲ̫˰ɣæö
Сȥ˳У˺ܶˣ˺ܶʳҪǿȥľͻزˡ
¹ԭҰ¹һ˰ռһڵϷ¹յʳǴ㶼ʲôôϲԵɣ
ˣ档˵һ䣬ֳȥˡ
¹ԭҰǴʣ¹ԭҰĶóϰһ򹻺İ
Ϻ㣬ţ⡭
ϳôõ
㻨Ǯ˰ɣ¹ԭҰеͬ顣
ʹص˵ͷ±ɣһͶܹˣϰ඼ûôء
ʣ˸߽ϣھûˡ
û񫡣
Ҳ϶ˣ㣬ҴȥԡѾˣ
ƿѩ̣ҵ֭һСһ߳±ζ

¹ԭҰ
㲻˵¹ԭҰ±ˮڼû±Ҫϣ㶼ûô
ȥ򣡡
ԿǺˡ
㻨Ǯûף¹ԭҰô룬ͼ˵ȥ¹Ҫ㻨Ǯˡ
һëûˡ
ܿŸô


27 
ȥȥ¹󷽵תٹȥ
ýϲʤ, 찡
Ÿٰ
٣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ŵرֻڣ¹˰Ҹ㻨ǮҪҲҰ, ֻô£
´ֻ㻨Ǯ
ô, Ŷؾ, ҪװŲһ£
¹һ, ˣһ˵, 档
¹ԼǱ¹ԭҰͰŰ, 쾹Ȼ˵ֻ
ȫķ
Ϊ˱ȻԼٸɳʲôԼڵ, ¹
¹ԭҰ¹˼ڳҲ֪ʲô¹սȥһ, ±ϰ
ȥҲ¹񶼾ࡣ
£ϽԼҪ, ȥ¡
̫С, ûĵضˣվſ˵԰裬ȥ򣬺ܿܺõġ
еʲôǮ̫𣿡¹һţϲ˵ҵˣ
¹óһӣźЩӡ¹ԭҰһ, ĴҵҪϣЩˡ
֮ǰ±İ취¹ԭҰ±ˮ֮󣬺̹ˮʳһŽ˵緹
¹ԭҰĲˣǽһƷȫܿ±ˡ
һ϶⣬ؼ֮⣬ûһصġ
аɡ
裡ȥεܲ㿴ŵ㡣¹ԭҰ˵
޹ʱcue¹һ£ʲôʱܲˣ
˵н⣬֮
ûܲ
ǻǵ¹û˵Ϊ¹ԭҰ˵Щ
ˣˣæڻġ
ε㰡¹˵Ǹ±ܲζ湻õİ
ͦϲġ
ôһֱܲӷŽȥҲ֪˶೤ʱ䣬ܲĶˣζ
ıͨܲҪóԡ
¹ԭҰţͽ˰¹䣬
ܲ϶Ҫġ
¹ͬĵ緹һֱȽСģƽʱڼҵʱ򣬾ڵ緹
ȵ¹ԭҰ¹ϼҴڻʱ¹ͻô緹緹ͱ¹ԭҰˣ±ˡ
㣬Ҳܷ¸ʳİ
¹ԭҰܲܲļ۸ˣҪĺڵĳ̶ȣʵٲˣʳģϼСʱܳɣΨܲӿʼ
һ죬ܰܲĺڡ
¹ԭҰһ£ֽ򼦵±ζҲ¹ҲϲϧľǼļȫڷǼѾûгԵԼСĸļˡ
ڣ
ǲǶʮһ
¹ԭҰϽȥǱ߹۲죬ȻĸѾһȺС
ΪʼʱһԷʱҲغˡ
¹ԭҰһ£һʮֻС¹ԭҰСֻ̫ʮڿȫˣǲ֪ܲܽ
ȻСѾˣ¹ԭҰͰ֮ǰ׼ĶóˣճȸιˮԵʳЩʱι
¹ԭҰԼֵ߲ˣҲֻܲһֿԷŵ±һĶʣ¹ԭҰܲͻˡ
¹迴һֻۣţ
ε
žͽжࣿ
Ͽа˸ҪԷôܲһֵܷһ飬ھûˡ
Ͳܶεǵ緹ֲǷŲ¡
ǵ緹ķŲ¡¹ԭҰѽЩҪ±ϵʳ˳濴һ£ôأ
Щ֪꣬ٶӵܲ춼㲻ˡ
¹ԼǸС緹óˣ緹ټ£ܲͷ󡣡
Ƿأ緹±ȥˣǳʲô
Գ£㡣
Ȼ¹趼ô˵ˣô¹ԭҰ˼ʲôŪһ±ˮС緹Ҳˡ
ͷ˶ӣŵζˣĽװؿͻȻζһʣôô㣬±𣿡
ô졣¹ԭҰһ̱ɳϣеԼոĵزģ֮ǰǴˣθպòϡ
ֻaһ£СʱƵּһӣ¹ԭҰհƵϴbվ¹Ǳ߾յϢʾˡ
¹һ£ϾͰƵתԼȦȥˡ
վ±Ƶţ¹ԭҰ¹ְţŸֻҲæڳӣͰȥˡ
Ҫֻȥ
ƵûţƬ˲٣ΪλýǶȵĹϵ¹ͺܲ⣬ɾˡ
˵õĲڳֻ
ô¹ԭҰˣ趼˵ģ
Ҳ̫ƽ˰ɣ
Ҫڣ
ԡ
֮ʲôϵ
¹ûУ⡣
ķմȦյһ˵ĵޣǻŮʿޡ
޽֮󣬻Ůʿѻνӻؼңؼ֮󣬻δóһ㵱кһʴ
㵱лŮʿʶΪġ
ʲ͵ģ
ΪһЩԭ򣬸ҲûùôδȥѧУˣ
Ůʿͺܺ档
ξ͸߻Ůʿԭˣϵ鶼˵ˣڰ±óͻŮʿһҹġ
ŮʿʮģҪʣ£ǾԲҹġ
Ȼ󡭡
ΰѻŮʿǷ˳ԼǷݿʼ
һѡľǼצ
צֻһģδһףץסצļֺĹͷĵķһ
צűǵطĹͷ¶ˡ
ĲֵƤŵġ
ץŽֺҶԷһǣ˺һƤ
ǰٳԼצһ㶼ÿӼżצһһҧţԵúҲܷѾֳԷǻκ¹ѧġ
¹Ǻ˭ѧġ
⻹Ҫ
Ȼ¹ԭҰˡ
צѾֳˣȿйͷһߵģ٣ţ¾Ͱм䲿ֵƤ˺ɾˣȻʣߡ
ҧסһͷһȫˣһйͷҲǣ淢˸ԸԵ
ŮʿԾһ¿ˮ
¸ɾͷе⣬ʣµģĽֺˣ
ŽֺһھͰǿ⣬Ŵӹͷ˺һƤҧ
һڣ˵ֻצûһˡ
ҲΨһһڡ
ûκεĹͷڸζһ
ʣµľǽֺˣֵֺĹͷСһһڵֺܶ࣬ǰǻϲԵĵطڣ
һһسԵһͰСͷ˳
ǰļצôóԵĻͲ鷳˰
ԼָεҹʱҪʼأ
Լһ·ıѩ̣ζֵֶֶغȥ뱭
Ǻʹ찡
Ůʿ
һֱ
һǼʣһǺóԵġ
Ůʿʼ²˾
һݣǻεһ仰Ĳ𣿡
ŮʿбϵԼ˵ԣ
ѩ̾λ±λ
ĸŮģʹʹسһҹһ㶼ûʣ£Ůʿǲźġ
ΪջǸצֻΨһһûгԵ
ԽûгԵŮʿˡ
鷿߳ĻڿĸŮǰˮԼ̫
ǳҹôң㲻Ҫʵ𣿡
ŮʿԶԡ
֮Ǻܺڡ
ȺϿ˽ֺڳ̫죬ûʣһ㵽ԡ
ΨһڵģžûкϹҹˡ
Цأ
ôһ㣬ԼԶһүǷ֣
ôܣ
ڼϢŮʿеһڣÿ¹񷢳Ȧ̲ס˸ޣһ䡣
ܵ±ζ̫ˣĴָĴָĴָ
¹Ͳ̫ˣҲԵŮʿô֪ģ
˽Ļ˻Ůʿ㿴Ƶ֪óˣ
ôܣ
ҪŮʿͼʳɹ
ÿڳ벻֮ؾ᣿


28 
˵һԭ, Ůʿ¹¹ԭҰСӪҵִȥ
¹˸Ͳ¹ԭҰ㣬Ӫҵִȥû
¹ԭҰ˸СӴӳ, ȥ, ٵȼӦþнˡ˵, һС±㣬ιŴ͵¹ס
ոյ緹һ, ¹ԭҰ򿪼һС鳢˳ζȻ, ʱ䲻, ζûȥ, ¹ԭҰָϸӣ
¹ҧһڣ, óԡ
ûζζģ¹ϲζ
ҲҪ꣬˭ղҪԡ¹ԭҰ˸Ƿ, е˯ˣԥڿɳ˯, ǻ¥Լ˯
e
ȥ¥˯ɣ¥¿ôˣҲС¹ԭҰɲ˯˯ͻȻ˭ŪĶһ
ȥ¥˯÷㡣
¹ԭҰ¥ûãҲˡ
˯ڴɺãƿӣ𨷢롣
¹ԭҰܾܾ
Ǿɡ
, ûзʲôٶ˵顣
¹ŵʱ¹ԭҰûôĴ˾ǵ§һ˯һ
һ˯ѣ¹ԭҰִֶ˸ˡ
¹Ҳ˯ϰߣΪСڣһֱ浽Լòвͣ£ʱҰˡ
תͷһ

ȥĶˣ
¹۾¥˸飬˯ķҵһ˯ֺ衣
¹ŴתһȦȥǲ֪ıȥȽϺá
Ƕ˵ǰְı
˯ʱҪڰְм˯
豧мûһ϶ݲСС¹ס
¹תתȥҲİ취ֻίͰ͵شӲ˴ڰ𨱳˯Һûѡ¹ԭҰ
ѡ¹ԭҰ¹ԭҰһ־ܰ´Ҳûǰ֮ġ
ô׵İְֵ½¹Ҳͦ׵ġ
¹ְ¹ҹһĩ¹ԭҰŰ𨻹¹׻ؼȥˡ
С¿¹죬Լһ˶µ飬ʱ˾裬˦ùã
ôأ
¹ԭҰ
ǡ
Ǳ˦µӰ¹ԭҰôðһ°ɡ
ͺܷܵذһ£С¹ְ֮ùõĳֻΪ˷ֹù͵ԣ㿴Źùõʱ򣬹ùû͵Զ԰ɡ
е㲻ԣ
¹װŰɡ
ҪûиŹùõĻùÿ϶ҪǴ±ȫһ˳Թġ¹ԭҰһ¹񣬡֪ùóԵıɡ
һ¹֪ġ
ְֺûƭǾ͡
ǿԭ°ְְɡ
¹žС¿ϵרǲС
ڰ֮ǰ¹׵ר֮ǰרˡ
¹ԭҰ¹ףԼ
ⲻСĵط
¹ǰ׶԰ʱ򣬲ֻôһǸʱ¹ԭҰţС¿ǰһСӣȻ¹棬Լýżסġ
ְڴˣˡ¹׶˶оǺ
ùó
¹׶ƨɰŵӣɵ˵õģְˡ
׼¹ԭҰҪˣ
Ȼڳʮ֮¹ԭҰͣ׵Ľס¹ԭҰΥ˽ͨ򣬵綯ˣߵǼһ£Ȼһ·
ְ֣㲻ŶΥ˽ͨˡ¹СƵ˵
ڼȻ
¹ԭҰʵʵǼǽ
˷С¿˻¹ԭҰҲذˡ
ͻȻС¿ҲȫǺõġ
֪Ӧġ
ȻͿŶӺͰؼȥˡ
¹ԭҰҪһ¹ԭҰð֪ܲô綯𣿡
õңС¹ȥɣصҾܿˡ¹ԭҰգգۡ
Ŷ˰ɽ
¹ԭҰеɶôؼҵģС¿¹׻˼ҡ
û˰
¹ԭҰһ˽¹ţȻ档
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǲԺΣôˣ
ͻȻеСĶô죿
һ˵߾ߵа
ǡ
¹ԭҰƳҪСˣ¹ס
Ȼ̺鷳
ҪȻ̥ʲôģ˰ɡ
һ̥͹ˡ
˵С¹ôҪæģ
̼ҵʱС¹ҪæźСڵܵһ飬ڻؼˣϢҪȥҳ˼С棿
Ҳ̫æ˰ɣ
ЪЪ
¹ԭҰЪҪ黹ܶ࣬û취Ъ
֮ǰΪðӺøжȣŴСģڰѾ¹ְ¹ˣС
ûҪ˰ɡ
Ҫ֮ǰӦλҳ¹ԭҰˡ
ӪҵִգͰ£Ҳû˹涨ӪҵִձҪֻ꣬˵ӪҵִҪ걨˰ѡ
ûп걨
Ѿÿƽһ£˼һ𣬶˰ı׼Ҫ걨ģ㲻˰ҲҪ걨
Ĳˣ£ⷽ棬ûҪⰲˡ
ķӦҪŮӴһЩŮӵ
¹ԭҰ˻ε룬e
е̫ޣ
ȰջεķɣԺٸ
¹ԭҰҪҪ̵Ʒ
ȽܻӭƷԶһЩûʲôľֱӲˣ¹ԭҰһ±񣬱Ҫˡ
ͱˮռСĵһڶ
ҪĶһ̣ͽѾ͵Ҫ¹ԭҰǱ߸͹
ʮҵ
¹ԭҰҪ飬ѾˣܾԼʲôһ
벻˵ʲôҪ飬¹ԭҰͰĵſɳֻԼϴƵԡ
ͻȻע⵽һԣʲôˣ
÷
֮ǰ÷˲֦ͷŵ÷
¹ԭҰһӦиٽңô
İٽ
¹ԭҰˡ
ô÷ʹҪô
Ǽ⼸ˣƴҲԲ갡
Ҳסô÷
Ҫ·ݣ¹ԭҰѣǶˡ
϶û÷İ
¹ԭҰ˰¹俴һ£ѾʼˣŵϵЩ÷¹ԭҰ۰
ҲֻˣϽЩ͸˵÷ժ
Ҫڡ
¹ԭҰҲһܰ÷ժꡣ
֮ǰװѵǼӣͱùװ÷ˡ
ſ÷ٿϣžͺܶ÷¹ԭҰָ¹绰ˣϽ÷
¹յһСʱ¹ԭҰȻִ绰ˡ
¹ԭҰȥóԵģ¹Ҳȥһ¡
¹ԭҰȥһƵƵУһֻƹô÷һֻϣںں÷¹һ֪϶
ˣֿˣ
¹Ҳǲ÷һ뵽𨣬֪ͻǲҪʣԾˡ
¹񣬰ժЩ÷ȫȥˣƵֲ¹˶ˣŷ֣÷Ȼô࣡
һôԵ꣡¹Щ÷ضҪˡ
һ裬ҪǳԲĻȥ׾ˡ¹ԭҰһ˵ȻԼµ˼·
Ŷ
÷Բ
һ뵽֦ͷϻô÷¹ԭҰ͡
ˣôݲ
һ֣һֶˡ
Ҳ֪¹ԭҰҵı˵·ݵʱʱĲˣ
ڻ¹Щ¹ԭҰ˵÷ѾûеġҲܺð졣
˵¹÷үүۣͰѼĶ÷͹ˣҲϲʱǱͨˣ
¹ԭҰ̲סˡ
ôôأ
вУ̲סԼˣ
Ϊڵ⣬¹ԭҰûС¹
¹׺Сͷ󺹲ûؼңǼžȻˣҲǺڵģ¹׾ͺã
ְǲڼ


29 
û¹ԭҰܷġ
һǾ͸Żһ, öܸߣҲݣһ۾һĽ, һ
ļҳʵǹ, ·ͬʱ˳ʵؿһ²ɫô, ǿ, СѧһͣǾ͸Żһˡ
κ¹׵Ĳ, ¹ԭҰ, ʮǮһ, ǣ˵ĲҲ˶ǻ·, Ѿ, Ҫȵ͡
ʵȥҲֽ̣ǳֲ, ûдӵ, ¹ԭҰҪľǸµĸ, ԾҪʱ, ҲҪ
¹ԭҰ̣¹ײһԣǸó, ѧ⻹һأⲻ̫ͻأ
¹ԭҰһ£ɴҶò, ֱӼаɡ
һټһƽʱı䣬һըŹǣصһ㹽ˣĻΪĿ޴÷¹ԭҰĻ÷
һմӱóɢźء
һ·߹Ŵֲ̫˼ŮһɡʱѾͷˡ
¹ԭҰҲǳԷðﶥһԼǽ˳
¹ױǻҪΪ˵һԷ¹ԭҰ¹дһҵνˣ¹Ϸıʣǽȥˡ
¹ԭҰһ˷һ룬һķ룬Լȥ緹򷹣һԲټӣԱΪֹ
˵ˣ¹ԭҰͳȥˣСӶһдھǻ
¹ԭҰһߣʮǿҵ¹׾Լ˵ŵСӹؿ緹ŷ׸Լƽƽһ뷹Сһؽİĸ磬ߡ
ŶӸԼ˷Ȼѵ緹ˡ
мһ裬Ǹõ㣬Կóûãм˻Ǵ̴̵ġ
ǷĲˣʣµըŹǺ㹽ˣҲװ棬ӺʹС˺ܶ࣬Ĳ˻Ǹ߸ߵض
ûƣֻҪϸ۵ĵˮ㶼ԣǵ¹ױ̿¹ԭҰصѡ˴ٵĺ㡣
ûд̣˵ĵһʧˡ
ڣǳϸۣ˺ˬ࣬ŨȻ˲Ǻˣ˵ζûӰ쵽
ΨһȱӦþһ㶼˰ɡ
ܹЩζһá
ôģǵĶҲûΪźһ֣һУƬͱˣҨ˼ڷ棬򵥵ݷˡ
ǰյߣÿӰ׷ˮһ𻮵ûһͳȥһ뷹Ȼģ˶ŷȥӷˡ
⻹ֻѣˣԱ߻أ
ԷѸٵˣͻȻһΣУüӿ춯ˡ
ҪȻ˶Ҫ˳Թˣ
ӼŹ̫ˣθɴ֣ŹͷŹϵһ⣬㡣
¹ԭҰըŹûµģŹչֱӷŵ͹ȥը
ըִ࣬Ȼͼ򵥵ϽΣȷӦǽŹǲŶԡ
ûôѾǺͺŹǲͬζ
γԵô㣬ĿҲ쵽Źȥˣû㣬ŹǵζǼ򵥵ıѧԡ
һտĸо
˿ƶٶּӿˡ
ⲻǳԷʳս
̿ʼ¹׿ȫ˵ĬĬԷ㣬ʲôףҲӿ˳Էٶȡ
ȵ¹ԭҰʱ˻϶ԹˣŹǿǲ˵ģֻʣǳǳһף㹽Ҳûʣ¡
󶼰⣬Ǵ󲿷еʼûа㹽˷ġ
ֻؼӣʾԼش˶ѡ
ֻǳһڣ˵ˬ࣬㹽ۻȻزˣ㹽ڽŹǺǰ˴ڡ
ǰԵȫһ
زˣôݣ
ԼĶƤһ£٣룬롣
ô࣬ѹôţ
ǾȵǣξȻҲ˵س룬С¹ףҲȥһη
װһװ¹׳һ֮󣬺еԱˣĵڶֻһ㡣
Ҳ˵ƽʱε¹׳һ뷹ոպãƽʱεĻγһպá
ԵûСӶˣĬĬδӰóԼˮʼԼ¹׹÷
ϴ¹˵÷Ѿûˣɷֳ÷
÷һ㶼ģеúȾˡ
ûȹ񫡣
Ϊ˶һ㷹εڻûкȹһ÷ԼˮǳǳسһڣȻǸζ
ζʮ㣡
غڣǵһ֪
ﾹȻܴģ
̫ķֻܺȵһС÷ͺôһڣǾ֪ζû
ɱѧУǼѺֹ̲úȶ˰
ҪǴ֮ܺһˬˣ
֪ˮˣ
ڣǷǳĺڣ
ôˮ鷳ˮ㣬ϴˮأ
ҪˮĻ
õӣҲǻˮԶشѧУˡ
ѵǾû취
ⲻһ
ӻ갡
Ȼˮ
ǿ̫ܲϳĳ
ִͨܵĳˮ
һһϡ
ǵĳôܱѵ͵ǺҪӵģ
뵽һȫİ취
ӻƿɫˮȻ󡭡
ܼӶˮˣȻͷ÷
˵⻹ͦģҪ˲ע⿴ĻӦǲ¶ڵġ
ҪʵڵĵĻͰ÷㶵ˣǵĿ㶵ܴ󣬶ϥǣһƿ500ˮûġ
÷¶еͣȥ֮󣬺ֻһ㲼ϡ
̼öһ£ͽгˡ
װʲô鶼ûзӣ극֮Ϣ뿪ӻꡣ
¹ԭҰ˷ҲͰġ
ֻǵĺǵĲ˲ûȳԶѡ
ţ˳ˣӦʣһЩ¹ԭҰͿԺͰʲôԣ
һ㶼ûʣ¡
ĺܳԣ
治ǰ׳ġ
ͬأ߸ߵ˿ǻһЩ
ѹҳӼھ͵۵òС
Եٷ¹ԭҰƣǵ⣬Ӧúܻܿˡ
ļҳȺͷ¹ԭҰӻӦӦԵʲô¹ԭҰˣûʰӺ͵緹ܸǿ
ǷһһĴף׷ǵӣټ¹Сѧˡ
ʲӦԼжϰɡ
׷
ĸӳԣ¹һСѧܳԶٰҲ˵ĺӻϳһ׷
ҳ֪¹ԭҰûҪѣǲģȺӻؼһʾ֪ˣһ̫࣬˰ɣ
ôԵȥ
Ӳ³Ի˰
ҳǾͺܵģһֱڹעӵİ༶ȺʦȺͷ֪ͨ˭˭˭岻ʡ
ȫûС
ʱǺܳţݽ֮Ǿûôˡ
ƽʱ ξͳŲסʼеĶӣҲֵַسŵ˷ѧ
ö⻨ǮԵĸԼӲ͡
Ŷ͵ڴ¹ԭҰĵˣȻȴõһجġ
ǲԵôˣҳǿҪҪǵʳ̫岻ãԷ߷ֱ彡һֻܳ׷ˡ
ͷʺţźȣ˲ֹһķͲˣ޲ϴ绰ȥιװ
뷹˭ܳԱ
ķݻ࣡


30 
ҳĵҲе, ϾθСŮ׷ܳԱˣǿǳһŮ屶ˡ
뿴, ǳʱ, Ҫпÿ춼ҪŬѧϰ, Ҫ׼п, ÿ춼ҪܲٳѧУٳĴܵ, һҪ߰Ȧ
Եôܳŵס
һ׷, ʵ, ʵҲûôˡ
ʱĲ̾͵ˣѧУֲһ, Ƕ˸͸ı¸Ƕѡ
¹ԭҰϾ͸ˡ
Ҫ֪, ֲ̣¹׶ܼη, ܼη, Եø͸˵ˡ
ϤĲ, ο˵һ, ǲõ˺˳ˡ
ģòߣԷ, ζ
¹ԭҰĲĲ٣ǺǸһһԱȣͳˡ
ǺѧУ, ˵ѧУζҲã·
ҳȻ˵ˣһٷֻܳ룬˶ôܻʵ
򿪸ӣѹ쳣ƽ׷СѧһһۣĬȥ˷
ѩ׵׷ڲѳСɽ𣬿žͺܶࡣ
ϵĲǽδϺ峴ݫģһ˿˿ͽδϺܺǵθڡ
˿ͷһ֭׷Ǻɵس˵һݷȥ˵ڶΣһģһСɽ
һΣҪýδϺ䣬δϺǳִ࣬ͷͿǶܳԣ᲻ö
ۿسԵϺʣµЩΣҲҪ׷ԵϲĲѾˣֻʣ峴ݫĻһЩ׷
񿴿Ǳߵһ
ٿΣǱ෴˿跹Ȱ峴ݫĳˣֻʣ˽δϺ
е棬ΪǲϲϺð
ϲ
뿪ʻҪҪϺ԰ѻϲ峴ݫԣȻ󣬾ͿμδϺ׼Ϻͷһҧȥ

ְϲĶȳԵͣΪκһģ
ȫ෴
ݫģе˺ܲϲþ־ˣһζϲ˾ͺѽܡ
ͲϲԵģԵú㣬ݫرҧϣ볢һ¡
ֻǳϲҲԵ
ͼ˺ССһһ¡
ó
óԲŤ°ͣͼݫĳԳǧذתĴ!
һѾؿ㲻ݫģ
һڷûеǣ˭˵ģҳݫĵġ
Լ׿˵!!!
ѧ֮ûֱͷ˸ˮʮǮһˮصشΪװ÷ġ
¹ôһһ˿϶Ȳ꣬ʣô࣬϶ܵ϶¡
֮ǰ뷨
ˣϵǼ򵥵ϲ˵Ϻ׺ե˻ĩлζǺʣֲװˮѧУȥ
ˮǰ״ˡ
еʧ
¹ԭҰŸˮˡ
÷ȷʵкܶûдҲܸǹɣһֱһĶǸжôζܹǻġ
Ҳ¹ԭҰΪʲôʣô÷ȴǸϲԭ
ԼȵĻ¹ԭҰҲСס˳극Ҫ뿪ĻΣ÷ǰˮˡ
¹ԭҰԱ߳Է¹ףҲԼıӣҪ¹ԭҰҲһ
Ѿϲˣٺ÷ˡ¹ԭҰָԼͰ𨵹һ
Ͱͺ¹ǵĲ̫һкһĽŹǣɲʣģ¹ԭҰȥгŹǡ
Źʵ¹ԭҰԼԵĲˣʱûţҲûرԣǷֳԲʱִͻȻǿˡ
¹ԭҰǳԽŹǲɣǾȥгŹǻ˽ŹǣըŹǡ
Ҫըˣɴһը£ըˣը˽빽С㳦⡭
ȻлʳЩȫըǺܲġ
ܻǿҪСӲʳƷǳԵģԼˡ
һûס¹ԭҰͷըһ̣ź׳ۣãһ̣¹ԭҰͰ˾ܳԱ
ΪտָоըŹǺͽŹ֮Щ߲ˣ¹ԭҰصǩӸˣտоϾͳˡ
¹׿ŰְԵտԼ͡
ְֺᰡ
ΪʲôҪȵԱ˲Ŷ˳
ְһóĻ¹׿Բӵڶ뷹ġ
¹׷߷ߵдҵǸŭСȤˡ
ţˣ˭ܶһѿžͺζտأ
ְܸҳһ𣿾һڡ¹ָŬرȻһھж٣Сģڿ¹ԭҰе㲻ˡ
ðɣǾһڣĸ
ǸⰡ
¹׾ţŹԹˣ¹׻ԣըŹ¹ûԵźܺóԡ
ҲԣǸҲԣ¹׸²˾
ѵˣû취дҵˡ
¹ôΪѣ¹ԭҰ͸˸ע⣬ɣС¹ճ극ӺܱԣҲԲ¡
¹뷴ְֵĻŲǳԲأóԵĶԱ˻ٳһڵģ¹ԭҰûиĻᡣ
дҵҵдˣķҲˣʱտǲǾеطװˣ
¹룬еǣͲ˰ְֵдҵ
¹ԭҰ⣬ȷʵǺǡ
⡣
¹дҵ̧ͷ¹ԭҰż飬ȻԼȳڵʱˡ
ֻʣͻһĵζϣʲôҲûˣ
İְ춼ͣȫԹˣ
бҪ޴Ĵ
¹׵duangһϲˣٶȹ죬¹ԭҰûס
ְ֣
¹׷˱
¹ԭҰҪΪԼ绤ʵǹģֻһС¹ҲҪԣųţûˡ
Ϊ⳥¹ԭҰֻôӦ¹ףٸһݡ
¹ԭҰʾʮֻɣԵ𣿡
ԲҲҪԣ
аɣȻôֵĻǾ¡
ԲĻˡ
ʱ㣬ҹޡ
޿ѧдҵϰģдҵ֮󣬾ͺǰʼˡ
֪СԷҲ֪ǰñһΣǼСķѳԻһСдֽεСоô
оô
Ȼٺò˰
ˮʣܱʼ飬ôСֽд飬ջȥ֮󣬺óʱſꡣ
ôһζǷϻȫ˵ԵͽŹжóԣϳԵ˿ͽδϺжζ
Ϊ̫ˣ֪ںܶ𣡻ô!!ҪΪǿǴ
ֽûдãıͱʴһ£쵽һСֽ˽
ҴǸ÷ſǼ̲úһٱҪ𣿡
ϻϽ
ˮ͵͵ش棬ϡ
װǿڿʣȻش򿪱Ӷһڣһֽȥζɣ
ûأͣһ£ͳԼˮšǶֱӵȥһ룡
ֶֶֶֶֶ!
񼤶òˣ
˸¶
ֻǸ㳢ѣ㾹Ȼһ룡
̫˰ɣ
Լֻʣһ÷ƵѪУˣòң
ʾܸһͲˣڿˣ¿֮Ҫһȥһ
һȻûⰡ
ֻ΢һѣ˶ʱ䣬Ӱҹ޽֮һɵȥӻꡣ
ϾҵѾҹ޵ʱˣؼҾ˯ҲûҪʲôؼҡ
ʱӻŻţǻм˽ȥʱ¹ڳҹͺ¹ԭҰԤϵһ¹׸Բꡣ
¹壬Һ÷
¹ԭҰû˵ͽĻʣտ𣿡䣬Ķӷ˾졣


31 
ʯҶ, ѧУԣԼȥͷϾͳһǮķţҲ, Ϳסˡ
дӼ尾
ؼҵʱ, ˳·ȥҹҹģΪ񳢵÷, оζ, һȥҹʱȡ
֪˵, ͼ˼ڳտ, ʯҶϾ̲ס, ӺܲϢعС
ĻЩǳԣ
⵱Ȼ⡣ʯҶھֻʣֽдģݽδϺЩʾ䡣
, һֵ, ǽδϺˡ
ȥûݴ
ζ˵һģһ
һŴϺûл⼢ʯҶʳ
Ȼ, , ʯҶĶ˲ʧ, Ϊһ˭չ˱ۡ
¹ԭҰ
ڵĳϷô
¹ԭҰڵʱ, ӽŵˣȷܴĥ䣿
ؼˣ
ʯҶɽˣһ๫ŵ׼ʱ, Ļǹƾֻüҳˡ
Ҫüҳ֪ԭ򡭡
ʯҶҪѵһͨ
ǳԷⰡ
ʯҶѧУʳóԣһѾǼȶʵ, ûа취ıˣɵģ
ȥԾȥԣ
ûֹ
ʯҶڿɼˣǰʱǿѵܣʯҶҪһ㣬ʯҶֻÿһ޿εʱѰ˵㣬ÿ϶ҪΡ
ڣȫͬˣ
ѾǰǸˡ
ÿ춼ܳԺóԵķˣѾҪˣ
һһߣ˭ȳԱ˭ǹ
ӣѵĿСһ𳤴ÿһ޿εʱڰ
壺ġ
ʯҶ󣺺õģǶ
ݳһϷ¹ԭҰǿĵģɲϷ̨µĿͣϷˣˡ
¹磬ܼǵС𣿡ʯҶϵĴ۾ǳĵģ
ΪԼˣʲôҺ¹㺰¹磿
ƽ޹ͳҳˣ
У
ôʯռˣ
¹ԭҰе㲻ôչģûжԼСκεѧڣ͹رСģȻԶ
ڵĳôһ͵
¹ԭҰǵСʱֻʳԷİ
ҲһЩСԵȰԶ͡
ѧУûʲôҼǵǰʱѧУſڲݣп͵꣬һŵС̯
ҹ޵ʱ򣬻ըտ̯֮¹ԭҰǱҪһݵġ
ԭѧʯҶϸı˳ƺͼϵеУ٣ˣ٣ͳԲ
ÿ϶ӣҹСʯҶСƳǽϵӱѾָʮˡ
ӣ
Ҫܹȥϵϣǡ
ʯҶճԵЩζտ޶ľĥݺģʯҶˣ
ǴϹҲҪ˵¹磡ǵС
¹㲻ӣ֪˵ġ
¹ԭҰҲ֪ģǽʱ򣬶Ӻô¹ԭҰֲˣȻõ
гǶӶˣǶӱˣ
ʯҶȥ¹ԭҰǻˣŵʮˣǸҸϿȥվؼ
ǽϾ˵ҲûðֲҺ˾ܾģ㲻ûȥİ裿¹ԭҰʹȨ֮ơ
ʯҶǰһ˳˶¹ӦˣϻȥҰ˵ģҾʹŷǮ
¹ԭҰ
ȵȣʲôʱӦˣ
˵ʯҶʹͷܣӦҲһ͸ȥˡ
ڳվûгʣû׷ϣǻʮǮˣ˵ǲܰ׳¹տ
һ·񱼣׷ŹףŰ˾סˡ
˾ҪǸģ˱˵ϳˣڳƨɺβɡ
ΪͰС飬ʯҶûȥҹУֱӻ˼ҡ
ʯҶ󵽼֮󣬾ͺͰ˵ԼԸȥڵǸСԷ
ʯҶְеû㶮ôô벻ҪŰˣ
˵ǸСѳԵ£ﻹܳԵͷ
ɵʯҶְȥʯҶͷѹ̫󣬾ˣȻô˵Ļ
ⲻŰ
ôô˵ʯҶʯҶְһ£ʯҶ󣺡ʲôˣ
ʯҶͰ˵طԷ˵ˣϿдСֽ迴ˡ
˵СĲɻԣǲе̫ˣҪ߶ʶʯҶְֹƾҪΪǮˡ
ŹûгԵԵ˴ϺǸζȷʵϳԵǶտʯҶеδ
ôһ˭԰
˭
οʯҶ֮ǰɹˣͲտú
ڣڣ
ϳô࣬ҹֲ
ʯҶĵʹڮӣܷȥ۲ı飬û⶯ӣʯҶң㲻֪ҹ֮ж
ԣ񣬽ѧʱҲ֪ҶӽеСϰ嶼ˡ
ʯҶ˵£ԼݵҪжңʯҶİӲһоûС
ʯҶְ֣ҲǸǮһʮ飬ʮǮʣʮͼͣѰ˼໨ʮ飬ʮǮϳԱ𣿡
ǺײͼͷѣʮǮҲˡ
ұʯҶְ²ܵˣ֪ʯҶÿϻؼ֮ǰҪȥҹ㶫ҹġ
ǹѧУʲôóԵģţһͶˡ
ʯҶ裺ΪʲôһԲ˰ɣٲУܿ˰ɡ
ûǮĻٸʮǮ
ʯҶ󣺡
ǮĹϵ
ⲻʳͽ
ʯҶǶ˵裬밡ְ·ߵС̯˵Ӫҵִˣ״ܶû취֤ǸСݾͲһ˰
˵¹ѾȥӪҵִˣѾȥˣܰ˵ʲô˵бϰ
ʯҶְ־;ؿʯҶ󴵣ܱʲô
ζζ͸Ӳ˵ˣҳˣҺ˸񵣱ζû⣡ʯҶ˸񵣱Էͬ
룬ǼСݳԷС̯ö𣿡
áʯҶְ־ͰʯҶҭȥˣѧУʳòͷöˣȻ뿪ˣȥйϵܲܰҲϡ
ʯҶ󣺣
ʯҶְ־ʯҶͶѧУԵģʯҶƴԣŬȡһ͵ɡ
֮ԿΪ˸ոǸвûϵĽֱ̯
ûио
ʯҶ˿ûע
¹˵ˣϼСģͬ⣬ô죿
ˣܸ취ǡ
ڰƯһĴʯҶڱ΢źϢ
Сİ¼۸
һһǧ͵ķãʯҶͣҪѧУԣû취ֻ˶Σֻ͡
һһͣһµķ١
ʯҶһ£һٶʮ죬ʮ졣
Ҳһļ۸ڶʮʮ֮䣬ֲӦʯҶҲԼе
ʯҶܲסǮģһò٣Ҳ֪¹ǱܴܲӦʯҶһһ
ȥʿȣ
ʯҶ۾Ƭ֮
У۾̲סϳԵǸտȫ˯ž
ӶùҪô˯
͵Ž˳棬棬棬ȴ֮ǰԵŹǡ
ǿ㰡


32 
ʯҶʳó֮ȥҵ¹ԭҰ
Ϊǹʱ, ʯҶͲƽʱĥ䣬ڰѻ˺׷Եز˵Ͱ
Ϊͷ˵ζҶϲ, Եʣ˵ˮͰ, ϶ˣ˺˵
ʣµĲ̷ŵָλ, ʯҶֱ, ͳɽСѧķȥˣѧСѧ·ʮӾ͵, ʯҶȥʱ, , Σ¹׼˶ûꡣ
ʯҶһˡ
ɫʲôľͲ˵, ϾСһβ, ͬҪ

ʯҶĽˡ
ﾹȻṩ
ѧУʳǺܴûдˣѧడ
ȻÿŲ, е, ô˼һԷ, ʯҶûоз紵
ʳûעԲ˵ıµ, ʯҶõķˣȫȵģ, һ°ɣ
ȺУȷˣǸо
ʯҶ붼Ϣ
ʯҶҲûʲô, ȻԷܣǴҶֲֻһţ¡
ѧУʳõѳԣ⻹úܲİ
ʯҶ֮ǰ뷨ڿڵĻʯҶˡ
Ϊʲô
˻ôã
ǴŹǣţ
ʯҶģǵһοôϧسǴŹǡ
ǴŹ
ǴŹ
бҪ
ǸϲĶһԵֹ
ϣǡ
õķ˵ʱҲȰǴŹǺͺģ뵽ϡ
ϲĳˣֻű˳Եָо
Ȼ峴ݫҲܽܣͲˣȫͬģ
ͿһԼϰߣѺŵ֭ϣ֭ºü׷跹ζԶ
ȵŵûˣͼһ麺ţڸζŨ֭Ҳܶ࣬ĸоһ׷
ȻǴŹǡ
һںţһ׷һǴŹǣһ׷һһ׷ζϵڱ仯
ÿһڶǵһһ
ϲֳԷʽʲô
ʯ
ǸϲĶȳԵϰߣĳ̶ֳϣҲʯҶһݹͰ
Ǽһϲ
ʯҶˣϻסԼĲ̣
ҳζ¡ʯҶڵ񣬾ͺûгԹЩһ
ôܣ
ʯҶǳԹûдǳԹͲûϵġ
˭涨˳ԹͲܲģ
ǸţѾһĺˣгȱڣʯҶܹŵĽ棬Ǵ⣬񻹼ʲô
ⲻҪ
ɫĽ֭ں棬Ȼͨʵϣֳеɫܻùҵ˵ʳ
ֺɫĽ֭£ŵıþйͬʱ
ջ
űӼĺ֭д˸ʯҶĿǻطڿˮǿ鲻ĺŵУ顣
Ǵ˵еĲȱ
鷳뻻ݴʣô˵ʦ޵ġ
ôܣ
ʯʶô꣬
ֱڲǰװǻ̵ĸһضʯҶ󣬳ԶҲԲƿ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
¹Ҩһ׷ܶڷһС麺ţȻƴŴͣҪһڰͷԵ
Сӵж¹Ѿŵ˼ޣһ̲¡
аɣ¹׷ˡ
ȰѷԵȻٳԵһںŰɣ
˲ͣ¹׵ĲѾȫԹŶҪ˵׷ˣҲڷԵˡ
ⲻǸŶ
¹ԭҰûй涨˷ѻǽԼǶˣϰߣ¹ԭҰܲš
ǻԷĺӣԾزμӹжͲ˶Ըɾʣһ֭ѡ
ϴ빤һ㡣
֮дͷӰ˴ңڵĺý¹ȫ֪Լʲô
ѧϰϴ롣
ְ˵ͥԱҪֹԺֲˣְָڳǰΪС¹СĹְְæеˡ
С¹ѾˣʱеԼˣԡ
ԼĲԼϴɡ
¹ԭҰĴذ񽻸¹ףԼֱԱ߿
ǲֵģڵҲˤ¹׶ԼĶɡ
ͷָ
˵¹ܸͦɵģӻͦôһ£ϴ֮Ĳ̣Ҳûκβա
¹ԭҰûԼĿ佱Ȼ¹׵õ˼ԽԽ𾢶ˡ
극ҵûʼдأͰСӰᵽϴ˵ˮǰ棬ԼСĨմһϴྫѲϴøɸɾ
ʯҶ󿴵Ŀɿڴ¹ԷҪԼϴ
СӦСѧɣˮ۲ߣȻҲҪԼϴ룿
ʯҶûϴ룬һСܸɵģ϶Ҳû⣡
ˣ¹أʯҶսʱֻǸɫˣź䵭ӣûҶ˵
¹ԭҰԺ߽˳ֻë׵СƼ
Сųû죬ɰʱ򣬴ûˣ¹ԭҰ¹׿
ıֻԣҵߣԼϴ룬Խ¹һֻС
¹ײΪŬ
ƣë׵Сϲſ͡
ְĿһֻ𣿡
ţȥҸӰСװҵд֮󣬾ͿѡԼСˡ¹ԭҰ¹˵꣬ʯҶ
ʯҶֻ˵ĵط¹ԭҰ϶˵ûͬɡ
Ҷţҹ޾ͲˡʯҶƵӣװ˵Ļ
㸸ĸͬ⣬Ҳû취ҪȻǵģ¹ԭҰҲǳԹܳһʱѧУ·̯ġ
¹ܲһҵ뷨ҪǾÿԵĻһвУʮĺӣѾһСˡ
ʯҶͰԼЩ¹ԭҰ˵ˡ
˵ͷԼģıһģ¹ԭҰԷһû취Ǯȫˡ
¹ԭҰܲһһ͵
˵֮ʯҶ͵¹ԭҰĻظ
ͳԷС£ʯҶôһ㣬Īһֱ׳ô£
¹ԭҰһ£ӦĲûжģҪԼȥ򣬻ȥϰ򣿡
ûʲôľǶ˸Ӷѣ΢һ¡
ѧУʳܹάô˵¶ȣֱѧ극ؾģװ˵Ƶģ費ֱӷϵģǱඥ׺֮Ǹռ䡣
עˮ¡
¹ԭҰûĶҪµĻֻܰѲ̷ĭ档
ĭֲǱЧرã
¹ԭҰʵʱҾǰѺʷĭ棬ȻϺı˳Ĺġ
쵽ҲˣʱıӲģûһ㻵
ʯҶտ˺ӵӣ뱣⣬ͺʹѡһľУСĵ⣬ڲ̵֮ǰҪԼȥһ𣿡
ǵãʱͨӰɣˣһ⣬Է˵߳Է
ֺ鷳Ϊ¹ԭҰԷ˾ô¹ԭҰ⼸˵ķʯҶͻȻҪԷ¹ԭҰҲû취ƾձһ˵ķ
ԣǸ𣿡
ʵʯҶھԣѾѧУһ˻ԣԼҲ֪ʵ
УϾͶһݣ۸ĻͰʮһݿԽ𣿡ÿһ͵ĲʹõĲͬɱҲȫһǷֿ鷳ѡ˸ļ۸
¸һЩûϵ
ԵģڽǮ𣿡
ʱٽˣУϲȹ֭ĻԼˮһȥȡ
ʯҶϾͰˮ
Ҳ֪ϻʲô
ŸճԹ緹ʯҶѾʼڴˡ


33 
ְдҵˣҿС𣿡¹װдҵ¹ԭҰ, Ȳ¹ԭҰ꣬ھҪСˡ
ɡ¹ԭҰ¹֮ͳֻűһš
һͳ˽
ԻǴ, , ˼ܸ, ȷʺܸߡ
¹ԭҰѾʹһʱ, ûг
ҵ¹ף¹ԭҰ¹׺ͰԱ, ¹ΪСһģһ, ֪ѡһֻá
ְܲܶҪ¹̰ĵ˵
, ֻСԺҪ㸺ˣǵһ֪ܲܰС, Բȫ㡣Ȼ, 仰Ҳô⡣
¹ֻܰС˺ˣôԺͿԵص
ǲǺܲң
Ͽ, ¹׺ǻһֻС, ¹ҪС, ʵϡ
¹ҪСĳԺ, ΪСĲʺ٣ԺСˣҪ
ܵ͵ĳֺá
¹ڻûѧϰ͸󿴱ʵ, 
֪ն
ֻǷǳسڡгϲУϲĴԡ
¹׾ϲԺӵиĳְûƭ𣿡
ġ¹ԭҰһ׼û, 㿴ʲôʱƭ㣿
e
¹׳ĬˣΪûд𰸣Ǵ̫࣬һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ѡһ
ְֵΣˣ
¹ͻȻʼİְҲƭģŰְһΣεС¹ԭҰеĲ
С¹ҪҪ¿һ£ġ
¹ײˣְ㷴ô
ˣƤ¹׾ջΡ
ҪͰְǩӣල
һСĻͰѼСҲ
¹׾ӣεĿӿɲڵġ
׵Ѿرѹˣ¹׻ҪᶨڿԼ׵Ҳû취
ֻܴӦҪˡ
¹ԭҰѾˣʱô¹Ϥ·̣֮󣬾ܰⲿ˦ԼϢˣ
õӾǰ
ԼҪ˼Ǯ¹׿˵Ǻܿˣˣ¹ױӣ¹Ժ󷴻ڡ
֪Լи¹׺εذӽˡ
ְ֣ҪСȡʲôֱȽϺã¹׵һθ֣ȫ֪ôȡأ
ˣ
¹׿汦þĽֵģ¹׾ˣС־ͽСߴ
ţССߴ¹ԭҰûеĲ𣬡СȡСС¹ôģ
ΪСߴߴߴŵģҸȡСߴְһܲܽôд¹Сȥͬѧ
¹׻дԼ֣Сᣬûйϵ¹ѧ˿԰д
¹һֻСϲĶ˯ʱ򣬱Ҫڴͷĺ棬˯˾Ҫ
ܰСȥѧУ
ҪȥѧУ˶Сһȥ
¹СʣΪʲôСߴôɰҲͬѧʶһ
ΪѧУôͺѧУǴ֭һ¹ԭҰ˸ӣ¹ףѧУĹ涨
¹ˣѧУĹ涨ĲܰСߴȥѧУ
ͬѧʶСĻǷѧ￴
Ǻðɣְڼչ˺Сߴ¹ײССŽֽ棬ֵһԼһȥѧˡ
ڳ֮ǰ¹ȥ˸¹ԼһȥѧУˣ¹ԭҰҲûзʲô
ֱʦ绰˵¹״һֻСȥѧУ
¹ԭҰ
¹׾Ȼʦͨѧջȳ²֣
ôôܰ
ֵýĵľȡɡ
Ϊ¹ҪȳѧĶҪ磬Ҿͻڳ֮ǰ¹ԭҰżЩԵġ
ǽ졣
Ϊ˺ţ¹ԭҰҪȻ˳㿼ߣֱɺˡ
˳¹ԭҰ쵱͡
ĳƷܲĺţˬ߲ˣĽ֭ζˣ
¹ԭҰԼԼ
ҪˮоŶԣ¹ԭҰһƿѩ̣涪˼ŶɱѣͰһһһһһ߳ԳԺȺһߵ¹׻ؼҡ
¹׻ʱ򻹺ܾɥġ
Сߴʦ֮󣬱ʦˣʦ˵üҳСȥ
֮⣬¹׻з
¹ײںԼķ͵Сְܲܺһȥʦ칫ҰСؼң
ְֲ˵˲СȥѧУΪʲôҪ͵͵رǻҪȥ
¹ԭҰҵԺ󣬼ᶨΪԼҲʦ칫ˣǱˡ
ûܻȥʦ칫ҡ
ְ֪ˣԺҲˣ¹׿˵
Լ̣һ꣬꣬һ㶼ٿޣôĵʱ򣬾͵Ϊ̰ɡ
ʦûΪ¹ԭҰصԭ΢Ѿ¹ԭҰ˽ˣ¹ԭҰֻǵ¹ԭҰСȥѡ
װСֽн¹ף¹ΪЦˡ
ȡεĽѵ´ҲСȥѧУˡ
հְ˵ģͬѧҪСѧ֮￴ˡ
ôã¹׾ԼͺÿʣӺöԵˡ
裬е𣿡¹ע⵽ĺߣŵЩϣ˵ˣƹϣм˵ĺš
ǰְԼġ
Ȼ˵Ҫȡ¹ĵģ¹׼Ȼ֪ˣ¹ԭҰҲţһϿС
¹ԼţһιС
ʱ˼ֹˡ
СкС¹Ǹġ
Ҫ¿ΰСó棬ҲͲᱻʦС¹Ҫ
СǳھΡ
¹״󷽵ԭǣҰְѾȥʦСˣԺѧУˣԺ뿴СĻҼҰɡ
¹׵СֻСһԿóֻСûСôãСѶۣ¹׻С
˺͸СߴԣС
СſţͱСС
¹׸һһС顣
˼˻ԣڴȻóһʮǮС¹ְ֣һ𣿡
¹ԭҰøǮԡ
Եģ˵ܰ׳˼ҶҪǮġ˼ջȥСñֱҪǮ
ôǮ˵𣿡СӴôǮΪˣҪһġ
̸ҵġϸ¹Ǯʱ̾͸˼ʮǮ˼Ǯڿ㶵涼ˣղŲġ
ǺðɣһǮǮһ⳦òã
ллС¹ְ֡˼õ˴󺺱ǮˣϾҧһڣֻҪźûǮʹ⳦ˣ˼ĺ÷Ŷ
Ҹķա
ҲһûǮ
¹ԭҰĿ˵һòã
ôˣջֻǾܾˣллС¹ְ֣ҪһǮ򡣡
˵ķ̻ÿ㻨Ǯ
˵ʳܳԣһֱû㻨ǮС¹ְԼģӦú԰ӦÿԸ㻨Ǯ˰ɣ
۾ģС¹ְһ£һؼǮ򺺱
ã·ʱСһ㣬עĳȻҲһ⳦ִ⳦ⶼʵϵģһּǮһֻ¹ԭҰûڵΪȽϹѧ㻨Ǯޡ
ֵļҲԶ¹ԭҰʱ䣬оֲҲӦûˣһֱûӰе㵣ġ
С¹ǿڵĶˣ
˼ѾѺˣһֻǮһֻŴ⳦ѾС¹ǱˮʣµǮٻˡ
ְֵĻ¹˼ӦһǣֳţŸճŵǣϾͱ˻
ֿ޵úģһ׵Ůקţ¹ԭҰӻꡣ
֣̣߰ǲҪǼҵĶԣ


34 
˵, ôôûģ֪Ӳ£ôΪ׬ôǮƭҪǮأʲôôһҪǮò֪ʲôطĺ, ôģŮ˿ȥӡ
ıķ̡
, ͥӶķķǳټ¹ԭҰ, Ҳֻһҡ
ּ뱣ķ, ΪǼԼһ˾ְֺ趼ڹ˾ϰ, һζ³, һܾ
һͷҵ, һڹ˾¡
ʲôеĻֵİְ춼ڼңҲһͥһ, һʱ侫˼ͥ͹
ö, ķͽˣ
ķƽʱסǼңչ֮, Ҫļ, ҲĻ, Ĺû˵, ǿƽʱĿӦǺܲġ
æڹ޷չֵʱ, һ㶼ķ̳ġ
ҪԺʹ⳦ΪûǮȥ˱ķҪ㻨Ǯ
ÿ³˹, ٸһǧֽڱķǱߣǮַ㻨Ǯ
Ǯȫֵ㻨Ǯñķ̿ŸѧУҪʲôĻǮҲ
˵ô˵ʵҪõǮĻᣬ١
ķʳĳԻ˺Ϊɣϲ㻨ǮѧУ棬Ҳͷѧʲô
ڲһ꼶ء
ҪʲôϣΣһһϰҲ͹ˣ⼸͹һѧˡ
һǧǮڱķҲÿ¸ʣ¶Ǯ¸ֻһǧ
Ҳ˵һǧĽ
ʼʱ򣬱ķʵҲûôĿŵҲżһǮΣǺϰһǧǮֱӰһǧǮԼĽˡ
һ㻨ǮǶǴǮǮ
ô๤óԺúȵιôûҲˣôҪǮأ
ķ̿˵Ǻܷŭˡ
ѻɵӶ֪ͷ
ϰĶӣȻûʱչˣǵĹһ㶼٣Ҫί鷳Ŀ϶Ǳķ̡
¹ԭҰ˭
ֲǱķ̵ϰ壡ûиķ̷ʡ
¹ԭҰǸƻҪǮԴ
ͷҪǿ˵ĻԺֲҪ㻨Ǯ
ķ̵ȻҪ¹ԭҰ鷳ˣ
¹ԭҰĿƭӻǮĻ϶ûеǰ
⺺û
Ǹǵģ¹쵱ͳԵġ
˼ղǮ򺺱ʱ򣬵ҲһЩСѧˣҲĶˣڴҲôǮҲһ
¹ԭҰû
Ҫ׬Ǯ¹ԭҰֻܲǮ
ôòã¹ԭҰⶼʵϵģӵЩ߲˾Ͳ˵ˣԼֵĲҪǮҲ͵ѵĺˣ˵š
õţĻϽ⡣
ΪԼﱾϲţĹϵ¹ԭҰӴţı
Ҫ¹ԭҰ˵һţڵļ۸Ƕ
͵ţǮֹˡ
Լȥ濴ҪǮҸһ١СطֻͺͿϵ»ҵĺʮǮۺô
Ǯ
ȥˡ
Ժܻ۵Ԫ˭֪δ飿
ķ̵ȻҲֻǽͷ¹ԭҰ鷳ѣ֪֪ΪǺƭδѣ
ôС֪ʲôǻ˵óԣҪģΪҿͶģ
Ӱб˵ľڵ¹ԭҰյһ
ķ̷ϻֱ֣֣ܸ壬ĵ绰Ƕ𣿡
һֱں£ڶ¹ԭҰΣĵ绰¹ԭҰˡ
ķҲеˣȻһֱúܶԣǲ֪ΪʲôһֱеţֻŬ˵Լ
ǶԵģǲֱ˼ƭЩ߰Ķ
ʱ㣬ֵ軹ڹ˾ϰ࣬¹ԭҰ򵥵ذǰֵˡ
飬ķ˵˲㣬˵
õ绰˵òصظϵ¹ԭҰӻ
ڵȴʱ棬ķȻоʽչȥĻܶԼʹ¹ԭҰͽ⡣
¹ԭҰܾ˱ķ̵ĺͽ⣬Լ˵
յ¹ԭҰʹԱ˸ţֽװ
λ˵õĲ⣬ⶫ֣ǺƭδѣԼԳԿôԼжϡ
ϸԼ˵Ϊ¼һ¹ԭҰΪԼûа취ƽ顣
Ҳû㡣
𨣬Լ¹ףһһʵж֤ԼĻ
Ķ¹ԭҰԼԣҸԼӳ
˼ǮˮģǿС¹ֳ˺С¹İְֺҲڳԣ˼Ҳְ̳ˡ
С¹ְ֣ҵǮԸǮ𣿡˼Ҳܴ֪ôõġ
ҪԼѾһٳԵĻϷԲµġ¹ԭҰʡ
˼۰Ͱ͵ؿ¹ԭҰԼԣҪְ̰Եġ
аɣҸװһ¡¹ԭҰ֮ǰץ˺ֽܶӣ֮ǰûãÿùá
¹ԭҰֽӰѺװãһװһ𣬽˼úˡ
С¹С¹İְ֣С¹裬ݰݡ˼Ǯ¹ԭҰǰڰ֣ܻؼȥˡ
Ǳߵ飬Ҳˡ
¹ԭҰĺţԲʲô⣬Ǻ⻵ǿԳԳġ
Լ˵ọ֪̈̄ΪһҪǮ򺺱ģ迴һ۱ķ̡
ûͱķ̹ͨȺ¹ԭҰǸ
Ѿ˵ˣллҺƽʱһֱչǼ֪֡¹ԭҰʼҪֳԵġ
ֻСһǮԲ֮顣
һ뵽һ¸ķһǧǮַ㻨Ǯ־ȻһǮûõǮĺ
ͺܲһѻա
ǼұķˣҴǵǸǺܶԲ𡣡ñķԼҲǸ
ķȻǸǺܲġ
¹ԭҰҲǸķǱķֲΪķǨŭ֣ķһ㻻˱ȽϺá
û취Ϊչ֣ҸõıķҪķ̫Ȩ
άּ򵥵ĹְĹϵ˫кô
ֱ˵ļ£¹ԭҰ֣ܲ仰ȥû˵ڡ
֮¹׵ıһֱأͺ˼ʲôһ
ѵΪֵ鱻ŵˣ
ܹɡ
С¹ʲôдҵרġ
¹׷˱ʣ˫Լ̾һְ֣˵ܲܰҵ㻨Ǯ֣
e
⣬ǰǣ㻨Ǯ
¹ԭҰĿ꾭飬¹ԭҰ֪¹һ꼶ϼҳǲ㻨Ǯġ
ʱһ꼶󲿷Ҳû㻨ǮĸһҪʲôðְȥġ
ҪǮһ㶼ӵ㻨Ǯ֮Żֵ뷨
ҳʲôʱ㻨Ǯأ
ǷԼĺӾҪЩǦƤӻ߰ʲôʱ
ΪԼȥԾ͸һԼȥ
㻨Ǯôˡ
Ȼһ꼶ҲʶԼܹһǮʲôǦʣƤҲʳ
ȻͿʼʳˡ
ϾСӾϲԺ棬ֱûеֿ
һǮʳǦʣܻᵼдҵָӵǵĿǷΧ֮ڡ
¹ΪһӻȻС˶Ǯ֪ǡ
ʱգûҪԼǮʱ
¹ԭҰҲûи׼㻨Ǯ


35 
ֹôǮ, ¹ûвҪ㻨Ǯͷ
ʵҲϾСҲʳߡ
ʳʲôģ¹ԭҰ㣬ʲôĻ, ¹Ҳкܶ, 󶼱ˣҪ㻨Ǯʲô
֡
Ҳеŵ¹, ǮĻ, Ϳ򺺱ᱻˡ
¹Լ˼߼
¹׵뷨֮, ¹ԭҰûֹ, ֧, ҪŬ׬㻨Ǯ
ǵģܶ׬
ҪѣС¹ÿԼŬſ, ְǲ, Ŷ
ǣæ׬㻨ǮļĿ, ¹׼ҵǽϡ
ϴһһǮ, ҪǮ
ϴһ·һǮ, ϴɾûǮ

ŸôһżĿ, ¹ԭҰеʹתͷʰ𨣬᲻е̫ˣ
ô᣿С¹Ķ
ȻҲôΪĻ, ǡ
ʹӽϿʼʵаɣ

˼ؼˣ֮ǽһж
ôТ˳
Ȼ˺ǳԣ
˼һӰʮǮ㻨Ǯ, ǷʮǮ飬һ㶼ˡ
Ǳ˼㻨ǮôǸõġ
ǷµʮǮҲ˼һƬТİ
Ȼ͸С¹ְְǮ͹ȥӸɣ
ɲܹӵһƬТġ
̺ó𣿡˼۲ʡ
óԣرóԣТҵܲó𣡡̵ͿɱһԾͳԳˣ϶ţ⡣
Ǯһţ֪϶С¹ְչ˼ģԱûа벻ԣһԲ꣬Էһ롣
ԣ˼شúȻ͵õ˴
̳еδʱ˴ʣµ
ϱǷݲܳԣǶӡ
ְֽҪӰ࣬ˣ˾Ͳóˣ˳Եòãջ
˼˼İȻ˵ãǡ
˼Ǻͳ
ǳ׳ԱˣҲԲˡ
ְ°ܳˣǽе㲻ԣôأѵǰԹˣ
ְֵǣŵʱ˼һ䣬ְ㲻ǼӰ𣿡
ְ֣
ʲôʱ˵ҼӰࣿ
ϿӳԷӣоˡ
ٿʣµķ˵ķŶڳԣǾӺûԡ
θڲôԷôʡ
ĮأܲҵãθںܺãǸճ˵㶫ڲҲѾԱˡ
ˣС㷹ٳԵ㣬˶
ְһͷʺš
Ǹʲô˼
͵һ

ְ˵ֻʱܲһϴ˼ǸսƬ
㲻ǡ
ְ̺ܾ֣ϽѷԵȻŵݸһӣĺصظġ
ڼÿһС£ûбҪ˵
̲˵ְ־Ͳˣ
ôܣ
裬Сһôûаְ־ԼҲӦһ
˼ְ㲻˵ҪӰ࣬ԷҺ̰Եˣû˷ѣҰ
̣
ְζһ
İ
߳ŭһ٣ͷһ㲻ˣ
ʱѾҧһڣĺζתֽӣ뿴̱꣬
̨ץ
ʲô
С¹ְǱģ˼Լġ̽һ¡
边Ȼһ㶼֣ϴҲԵǸ±ؼζǺܲǼٶٶˡ
Բ塣
±ԽС¹ְóķΧҲ̫˵ɡ
ְ͸Թˡ
С¹ְǱ򵽵ĶϾͲҪеڶˡ
ϴε±ؼϴεսƬǳһζûˣεĺ϶Ҳ
ʲôһ
ݹȥľ飬Ǵӿϵ»һ
ϵ»Ǻ˵ͻΪǮ򺺱
⡣
һ
ְһ¡
һۣһţСһ飬ֻζ
һ㶼㰡
һ裬һţְֻôء
ȻǴǮȥС¹ְֵǱ߻ûһҪ򼸸
΢¯һҲܵͳԡ
ȻģĴˡ
ֻʣˣҪŸС¹Ǹ緹Ȼְְֻ֣ܴظ
Ҫȥʱ򣬸պÿĸѧУĳ¹ԭҰ
ʱҲû̫࣬ȥʱ˵䡣
һ㶼ȣ֪ˣ֪⼸ʲôʱȥС¹ְּҵģ֪Ǽȥʲôġ
ʲôģְɵʡ
Է̰һۡ
ϰ࣬ƽʱҲûʲôر飬ͻ̫̫졣
Ϊ˲֪飬ʵЩ̫̫
ȻС¹ְһֱ˵ǸŮݼҵĺӣҶ²ǣ˿žͲ
ǼӣӦҲǱ˽ܹġ
Ϊ٣ټյѧǱߵģС¹ְְСΧӰûС
Ҳ˵ȫûУٲᵲһЩ˵Ĳ·
֮УܿһЩ鷳

¹ԭҰҳ극ʯҶԼʮǮҲֵ̫˰ɣ
˴һߵĹ֭ЩƷ꣬һҪǮ𲽡
͵Ǯˣʮ廹ʣ¶ʮǮǸɫ
ÿ˶«񣬺߲֮ܲˣȻڹģ߲е࣬ͱԵֱǾ䣡
ζҲúܺã֭Ļȫù跹ϧûС
һ㣬֭ģڣΪζŴ׷һԵʱ򣬾ձֵ㷹һ
ûгԹ㷹ǾǳԵǡ
ζƫأ¹ˮĺ壬ˬĺص˿ĳͻǹͬ˺гһ͡

κǴ֮󣬺ǰһѳԹĲ̷ˮġ
ǿ¹ǳ֮ĨϴǳԹĲ̡
Ǹоͺܲڶɡ
˼˦ֱߵ
ôأ
˾ͰԼԵĲóˣŶӰԼùĲ;߶ϴɾˡ
ϴ˸̶ѣҲûеʱ䣬¹ԭҰûзϴԼӣǸֶʪģҲû롣
ǰϴǸϰߡ
ȥʱ򿴼еӶϴɾˣе㾪ȵģΪС¹ܸɣڶͷˣС¹ܸɣǴԼԼĲϴɾˡ
¹ԭҰ룬ʲô¡
ڼҳȺͼҳһ£ҳ⣬߾Ͳֹˡ
ҳûʲôǸΪߵϰߡ
Է⼸죬֮ǰ¹ԭҰһƬȦʵǸ⼸ҳġ
ɫ⣬Ǯֵ
ǻŮʿеС٣Ůڼﶼûϴ룬ôǮȥǱ߳ԷˣҪǱϴ룿
᲻Ӱѧϰ
Ůʿʱģҳ⣬һˣоҲ̫
Ůʿûᣬ˵Ըͺܽ⡣
еԹ¹ԭҰϴ룬Ǻӵļҽ̺ãôˣҲôµģ
Ҫϴϴˣ
ڻŮʿ߾͹ȥˣǣҵ¹밵ʾһ£ȥ¹ԭҰ˵
¹֪Լϴİ
˵˰죬ҲûİʾǸݣĵĺѧϰӰĻͰѺӻһطԷ
ϾĶǳԷأ
ӵѧϰҪ
ŮʿǸеŤ
ҪλطôѾʾ


36 
¹û׻Ůʿİʾ, ֱӰ˼ŮʿĻ
ΪŮʿиݳǻŮʿݼҵĺҲת¹ԭҰǱ߳Է
ʵݰ汾ġһѡ
Ȼг˲ͽԣ¹˻ŮʿԸ
ѻŮʿݵ, ¹ԭҰѧһ顣
, ˲ףһ, ¹ԭҰŮʿ˼, ĺ˵Ƕϴˡ
֪ݾǻŮʿԼ, ں¹ĵʱ, ¹ԭҰĽ黹Ǻ¹һ, ԵĻǸӻСɡ
ΪжԵġ
һܹ͵ĵطͲҪڿˡ
Ϊ¹ԭҰԼϴ
ʵǻ, ϾҲеͬ, Ӧ黹Ҫġ
ѧǮǾͰ֮ǰ˵õ
¸ѧ¹ԭҰ϶ϴ빤İ취
ĳ·㵱ֽƵһԱ㵱У
ɫȾ, Ȼ, ҲԻ, ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰ, 鱻ҳ֪ʱûм˵Сܸûˡ
ⶼС, ν
ǲϲϴ롣
죬¹ԭҰͰѴҲϴ߼ӣҲԼϴ, ¹ԭҰҪǲϴ룬Ҳˡ
Ůʿӻòһ£֪ǿ³ˡ
ʱ¹ԭҰյӪҵִͨĶţȥ̾һСӪҵִգӪҵִǱҪھӪĿλá
¹ԭҰһ£ڳ䡣
ǷԱߵǽϣĿ˰ɣ
һ̧ͷܿ
¹ԭҰһƬ˼ҳȺ棬֪ͨˣӻҲˣһ֡
Ϊȡܣ¹ԭҰֱС¹С֡
Ȼֻȡ֣Ǻܲġ
¹ױûע⵽С֣ǱĸѲŷִ֣¹ԭҰ֪ǸС¹С¹
ɽˣ
ְֵƣ
ǶûУĽ
ĽΪСǶ֪ʲô˼¹ԼҲžǺ˼ɡ
ûСж¹׿ʧˡ
ǽţַһ飬¹׵ע
ּұķ̿˿ֵ㻨Ǯ飬ջǱ跢ˣۺϱķ֮ǰһЩ˱ķ̡
Ҫҵһõıķ̣ȴһ׵顣
ûһҳļ˾ҪұķֻԼϷƸϢѾǹ˾˺ţϷƸϢĿǰûеõκεϢ
⼸ֵĳԷôأ
ǹ˾ӵһʴ󵥣ץɶ費ٻչ֣ԡ
ִ¹ԭҰԼ췹ʱе㳤ᾡҵķġ
һ£һº󣬾Ҳķ˾ǱߵӦûһЩҲܳһ㡣
һ£Ҳ׳ԷḶǮġ
֮Ըи¹ԭҰֳɲ١
ƽʱ¹׷ǳԶʱ־ͻԼԵʲôóԵġ
¹ԭҰС¹ѳԶʱҲ˵С¹İְַǳʲôǸжó֮ġ
Ϊ¹ԭҰ죬ҲкøС
ҪԷʱԼС¹ҡ
˵С¹ԷͽַھӲ죬֪¹ԭҰС飬Ҳֺ˵С¹бĸڳԷ
Ϊ˵裬Ըַ¹ԭҰԷ
ҪȻǸֵǰиݼҡ
Ϊӣ¹׼ԷҲΪͬһԭ¹ԭҰӦԷ
Լһµʱ䣬赱ͰǮת¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰ˸΢ţÿһȦ·˵ͼƬԿԵʲôˣȦ滹ǰɹЩͼƬҲԲοһ¡
ҲûзϣҴҸϻع˾
һֱæŹ鲻̫ʱȥԷֻԼ˸ͻȻ΢ţ¹ԭҰ˵Ļ
¹ԭҰȦһ¡
ķѾˡ
һ㹽⣬ֻʣ¼ûйͷļ⣬г˲Ĵܲ㹽һ𷭳ɫĽ֭סеʳģʳĵζںһ
ζһܲɣ
һˣ˴̵ɫûһʧгɶαڲ滹һЩɫأֺܼܼҳһ߲ˡ
ʣµһʨͷ
ԲʨͷСȭͷôԲһţ˺ɫĽ֭ʨͷϣӳ˵Ĺ
ԼҲһʨͷײͣͻȻʼڴˡ
ֿ˿¹ԭҰͼƬ
ÿһͼƬ񾭹˾ĴһǿţͲһҪԵĳ嶯ܰͼƬĵúÿⲻʲô
ĵ̶¡
ܰѷúͿȥһóԣ汾£ģǺܲԵĿˮ
ȵʨͷײͱ͵ʱСѧǱߣҲ¿εʱ䡣
һ꼶һˡ
֪ԼС¹ҳԷͺ¹ԼˣǷѧҪһߡ
С¹༶¿εĻУſڵȣְ༶¿γһߣ֮Ҳһ
ְ༶µĿΣ־վȺǰ棬ʼС¹ˡ
ûһͿС¹༶İƣٰƵǸˣС¹
¹׾ŰƣŴҳ֮󣬵ȵҶɢˣ¹װѰƷźãܺһؼˡ
СѵϾһ
¹׺ͳΰݰݣμΣҺһŶ
Ҳֽ֪ȥС¹ҳԷҲȥڴһ䣬ҿһȥ𣿡
û¹׻ش𣬳εĸʦͺˣ㲻ҪͬѧŶӣҪȥԷˣ
ֻܸŸʦ뿪
ֺ¹ֽӻ꣬ȥ͸¹ԭҰкС¹ְֺá
ҲãС¹֪ô÷ģһݡ¹ԭҰԼڹ̨ԱߵϣͰһԷ
˶Ǻʹһģһģװѡ
¹״ֽ˳һзô򿪸ӣȻԼ
ʽζ
¹ԭҰڿձǱߵuͺܺζζôģȥԱζԿ
ζû̫ණѿдлЩϣͰζڵЩζϡ
ζ¹ԭҰûԣ´λɺԣζӦҲܲ
¹׾ͽôԷ԰ѷζԣҲ԰Ѻʨͷڷԣ԰㹽ڷ棬Ǹǽԡ
ֻÿӣ¹˵֮ӣ׷ҨȥˣһӾͱˡ
һ絽ϡ
ζݷǺܾĳԷŶһӾϲˣԼӳԵúܿġ
ԷԵñ¹׻Ҫ
ԿóΪϰԼԷԭ
¹׳һ뷹ֶûг꣬ҪС¹ȵϾܳˣΪкܶ಻ʶĴ㣬˼˵
İ˵ʱ򣬻ȽϾн
С¹һȥӷҪС¹һȥ
ΪСһԷֽԵñƽʱҪ࣬緹ȥС¹һдҵˣһҲС¹һݡ
ʱ䣬ǱӦҲԺ÷ˣǾʹ˸绰֡
ֵҲһûõĵ绰ֱ
ָ裬йԹԵسԷ뷹дҵֻʣһƴҵȫдˡ
ˣѾˡ
ǼС¹Һܹԡ
Ǹķһֱ裬ֲԷʳϲдҵȫϹ˵ӦðǸ̸ˡ
治֪ôʱ䣬ֵ˶ί
һķһҪúõؿ˶ԷƷԲܷͬĴˡ


37 
һ꼶СѱȽйͬ, ο¹׺ֻһ𳤴ĺѡ
ѻǵصһһдҵЩһֱ̲ס˵
¹ԭҰҵû˼д, ɴҲд, дҵҲá
˵, ˵дҵ¹ԭҰֻ, ˵ҵߡ
СӵԻ·Ҳֵͦģ¹ԭҰ֮ǰдʱ, ǲúд, Ҫ˵, ˵ֱʾԼҪдҵˡ
¹ԭҰǲ̫ôģ¹ԭҰǡ
ûϵ, , ĹдҵûĹд¹ԭҰҵŵ, Լʼֻ
ֻ洫˵
¹һ, ֪ı䲻ֵľ, , ɣĹĻְǲҵǵġ
ֻǵһ, ʮҡѾ˵ˣС¹ְְܲҵҡ
¹Ҳ, ǹȥľĵĻְֻΪûĹȻֱϿˣҲҵ
ʱֻܱʦˣ
ǿ˵ʲôɡ¹벻ʲôĵĻˡ
һƬհףҡҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
֪˵ʲô¹ԭҰ۾뿪ֻĻСѡ
ֺ¹׵ͷ
ˣ
ֺ¹ٴεͷ
дҵ
ֺ¹ƴͷ
һٲרдҵĻҵҵģڻˣ֪𣿡¹ԭҰһΣҵˡ
ô˵أϾһ꼶̫·
ҪֱӾһڴӦˡ
Ҳһ꼶Ż֡
ȵ¹׶ֿˣ¹ԭҰ͵
˵СҲ̫鷳˰ɡ
ȻСӻǱ˼ҵıȽϺá
¹ԭҰУſڣѾ׹ˣֻԱߵһСṩҳ룬ѧ϶Ѿʼˡ
ʱ򣬵ǲпˡ
¹ԭҰҲͷĵСѴԼȥ˳һڱ洢Ŵ÷
ʱ䣬¹ԭҰһֱι÷ѾһС֣ʣµĻкܶ࣬¹ְѾ¹ԭҰϵ˴׾ƵǸˣ¹ԭҰѾһЩ׾ƣͻæ͹
ȵ׾͹֮¹ԭҰͿ÷ˡ
ҪȰ÷ϴɾȻһ÷һǵ̺ãȻð׾϶ôͿˡ
¹ȥѧ֮һСʱңͰ׾Ƶ˾ˣ¹ԭҰ屲ģ˰׾֮⣬¹ԭҰĸʮĲ̳ӡ
׾ƣһ䣬¹ԭҰô׾ʲô
¹ԭҰӹǮ壬÷ƣǰʱһЩ÷̫˳Բ꣬ʹݸơ
ڻ÷е㾪ȣ뵽ڿƼô߲ô࣬÷
ӦҲеİɡ
ڵĹϹ߲ˣܹȲʱĺãǮ֮˳ְ¹ԭҰѰ׾ưᵽĳȥˡ
ںңһһϴ˵÷ڵϣռ˿ռ䣬׾ƶûطˡ
û취ֻʱѰ׾Ʒŵ
ô÷嶼ˣҲмٽɣҪݾƵĻ㶨Щƿ϶ɡ
ҼҲû˺ȾƣݶҲû˺ȣЩɹ÷ĻҶϲԣ޻ҪСˣҲų
¹ԭҰץһѣ÷ͷ¹ԭҰץһѣҲĿţٶһŶץˡ
ӹֱҧһڣһ̲ס̾÷ð
ԼƣЩˡ
·ݵʱҲ÷ݣǲǫ飬Ǹ÷ζû¹ԭҰá
ôõ÷ɹԣ
Ҳ̫˷˰ɣ
һ뷨÷ôõ÷ȥʲôԲͨͨݾư
һҪһҪʽȻȻسɽˡ
¹ԭҰʮԪǮһļ۸һٽ壬յЩǮûڶȣֻ¹ԭҰˣ廹Ҫ¹ԭҰһǧٿǮ
ûôֽ𣬾΢Ÿ¹ԭҰת˹ȥ
һٽ÷廹㣬¹ԭҰô÷Լ϶ԲİɣҪһ㣿
¹ԭҰûھֻ˼ҪԵЩҪݰ׾ƵЩ÷ʣµѾȫˡ
Ļ˾ûóˡ
꣬ðɣ껹÷ʱһ֪ͨ塣¹ԭҰ֤
˱֤뿪
ô÷Ͼƣ۸Ͼǲ٣óȥҲУԼźȣҲԣԲ
뿪֮¹ԭҰͰ˺÷ȫϣʣµЩ÷һ÷ɣһֱӳԡ
÷
ǰʱһֱ÷¹ԭҰԼѾˣΪĹ÷Ȼ÷ˡ
÷ҲԴǼҵĲ˵ȥˡ
¹ԭҰôţȻ󡭡
Էĳͱˡ
Ǿһأ
밡ôȣҪôͬѧڽϿΣͷĵȾҵҵعţҲʲôá
ֻһ磬ʲôɣ󱳵·ܺʪˡ
ʱһ÷¶ǣͺ˰ڶ⣬˶泩ˡ
Ϳһأ
㾹Ȼǣ÷ϻˣ
ڿѧһ죬ͻ˵Ҫˮƽ鰡
¹磡û÷𣡡ʯҶҲҵʡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ¹ԭҰΪԼʲôرֵˣÿӦҲ˰ɡ
¹ԭҰû˵꣬ʯҶʹһ˭˵ģվҪţ
ʯҶ˵Ǻˡ
˭ôǷȻҴ
壿
ûе£
¹͵͵ңӻֻǻΣƽʱӵĹ۲죬Ҳ벻÷Ӧòôǡ
ǻˣ
ʯҶͻȻ͸ɱ
Ҷ÷ֵҲҪĿ㿴
ƿ˵ǺܰˣȻ
Ҷ޹ġ
¹ԭҰףȴʯҶ󵱳ʢų׵ĻɷΧ֮⡣
¹ԭҰû˵û뵽ôϲ÷˵÷ҪҪԣ
÷ʲôģ÷ҪҲǿԵģʯҶܳʵ˼÷ͽ
һ÷ɣ˴٣ȻóԣǺܲ㡣
÷ɣС࣬һȥ㣡
ʯҶ£¹磬컹û÷ʲôʺʺû÷Ҫ
ûˡ
ʯҶ󣺡
һ˿ңʯҶ÷ɣ¹磬÷𣿡
ŵ뷨
¹ԭҰʣأ
ҾÿԡʯҶش
֮ٸҽɡ¹ԭҰòУû뵽ôϲ÷治Ҳ÷ͷǸζӦòɡ
ðɣʯҶѾ֪ˣ÷Ѿϻҽ֮ڲٽвˡ
˱Ϣ
ⶼ쵽ˣ컹ôȣʱҪô
ʯҶ˵òһ޳
÷
УֻԼе˵ĽʯҶͰϢӣκ
ӣ˱顣
뵽¹ԭҰ˵һ仰ʯҶŬӳ˼ƿ÷ͷ÷Ҫ˵ƹСˣûӴ
ˣô÷ζӦòɣȻ󡭡
ʯҶһȻҶ÷ζر𰡣
ǰȹ÷һȣ÷ͷ÷Ĺζܵһȥȫˮζ
Ȼ֮ζҲܲʯҶΪʲôȥأ
ǸǸˬ죡
ֻʧȥ֮󣬲Żᷢ¹÷ζжá
ܸһĻᣬʯҶһҪץסڣ
˵һ÷ô𣿡ʯҶͬеܲˡ
쿴ʯҶǸʲô÷
һ÷
ſ̲겻


38 
ʯҶͬûкȹ÷ζ, ʧȥҲᱯˣҲ޷ʯҶıˣεĺѡ
ںѵķ£ÿ춼ܸŲ䵽һ, ϻϢʱ, εĺܹ飬ΪҲһġ
ͺܲܽˡ
εĺһֱʵ, ûˣȷ𣿡
ǲΪÿǺȿ, ԲˣһǮ𣿡
ξÿܲɣӦ÷û˰, ÷ļѾȥˡ
Ŀ¶ã, ÷ļѾȥˣʲôʱ飿ô֪
ѵķӦʵҲ, Ϊںܶ˶֪ũʱ䣬ҪϴˣҲǲ֪ġ
÷ûҲûа취鰡
͹ز, νɸΪ֮, Ҫȵˡ
Ѵӻ֪÷ļ·ݵʱһˡ
ڳѧ, °ѧ, ˵費ѧУԷ, Ҳȥӻꡣ
һĻ, ø÷Ĺڣʱ÷ȣ
Ҳ̫ˬ˰ɣ
ѱԼԲĵ޲ʱϹȥ, ھѧڣøϿȥεǼС
¸ѧǿһԷˡҲܿĺѵľǾͿһȥ, һˡ
Ǳ߳Էĸˣ˻֮⣬ȫ
ҪһŮˣ
ȥʱ򣬻αҪˮģһ뵽÷Ѿûˣ룬ǰˮ˽ңʲôҲûֱȥ¹ԭҰӻꡣ
ǳԷѣΪװ÷ĻҲصش
ʯҶҲôġ
˵طһҶû
û÷ҶûдȤˡ
˳ụ̂ͻȻ壬ĻӦǳԳ֮ġ
һһΣǻϲģ֪Եʲô
⣬滹ǳ
Եۣ¹ԭҰǰλʲôĶѾǰźˣ׷۱ˮͷǶԼȥͿˡ
ϷС˺ףǿ԰ԼĿζӣŴҶˣ¹ԭҰԼҲ˼ȥǰˡ
۲εص㣬صСˡ
¹ԭҰΪСˣԲ˳۵ġ
С˵ֽʵ
¹ԭҰϿһֳԷ
õǸȰѸڿˮʮӣܳͿˣܳľͶˮ¹ԭҰȻܳԣǼСԻǹһˮ
ݹˮӣִؾ˵ԽȻըʱԽִࡣ
֥飬ۣκͰץȣץԶذס֥飬ʱͿ԰͹ըˡ
ճ¹ԭҰ̲סԼһر㣬ȾƵ¹ԭҰ̲ס뵹һСƣ¾Ʋˡ
ȵѾƻ÷֮󣬵ǿԣ۳Ժˡ
ǵһģȻղ֮¹ԭҰͶһС𨵱ʳǱʣµһСӡ
ͦϲģſӼһڽһڣ¹
㲻𣿡¹׹ǿţ͸оҪˡ
¹ʵǿԳģǵͿԽܣǼԼըͣͲˡ
ÿֻܷһ㣬һ߳һƴ˻ҪˮСģžͺࡣ
ǵһΣ¹ԭҰҪҪǻ˵Ҫ
࣬¹׻ΪǺһҪԵģѾ¹ԭҰһ棬ζѾˡ
ش¹׵⣺һ㶼ҪԳԿ𣿡
¹д⣬Ŵͣס˰й
ҧһڣ
ף
˵¹׾Ȼûиоζ
̵ģһ㶼¹ϲζŴͣһҪ
ҪԼСͷм䣬Լвˣʲô谡ҪְּУĻͲҪˣһ
Ųǣһ㶼¹׷˰ְֵĻһ㶼ζرá
˵ȺܵͣСҲܽܣⲻһȶûˣԶ˻ǻо
¹ԭҰѾ¹׿ʼССڵˣ¹ףĲ𣿡ӿ
¹˵رᶨ
ĵֿʼҡˣĲɣҲһСΣҧһڡ
ҧֻ࣬ҧһ㣬Ĳ
ֳһڣĿڸк֮ǰԹƬ񣬵Ƭû㣬Ƭ֮ѡһĻ־Լѡ
ĺúóŶ
̲סּһ飬¶֮ζʼӿˣֿʼеܲˣϿһһ׷ۡ
ζѹȥһ㡣
ҵµϷʽ
һһ׷ۣٳһٺһ
ȵһ۵ʱܳСѣȻҲ˲ٵֶ࣬͸˵ˡ
˵С˼ѣߵʱһɫ糣¹ԭҰȥŷ׷ѾȫˣҲˣһ࣬Ҳ˸ɾ
ûֳԷҲ֪ôһ£¹ԭҰ˵СˣǶû̫֡
һԵ˶û֣̽Եسһζȫһû̫࣬ƼҲһƼͺˡ
Ҷ֪ܺóԣϿʼˡ
Ҫǲ˵ĻһǲǾһ˶ˣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣܵģ
ϾҲʲôһҿ֣ܲᷢһֱһֱУѵͲҪһ
һԣ¶
Բ˵˵ֻҪˣһᷢ־עġ
˵Ļܽʱڣһ˶̣ҲǺõİ
ǴźߵģʱҲûϣȻźҲûرźֱ˯ǰ
ҹ˾ʱͻȻ˽ԹǸࡣ
ҧȥǸڸУǸζһӱ˳Īľͺԡ
ֲܳԵһγԵ֪ʲôء
򶼲֪ô
û취ֻȥ䣬ʲôԵģѹһо
Ȼ棬ˮһƬһƿլˮȻ
һ㶼ûð
ԽԹǸ
ͼƬմģԹǸ
ôܳɹ
Ͳһζ
ڱǰ棬ͺˣԲԵĶ˯Ű
ͣɹذҹˮװָˡ
ʲô
ҹĶڱǰ棬ְֲ㳭˵ˣҪһϳǸеĻ档
ҹ˯ˣְֿ˵ƣԱ߳ʣµЩװӶ˯ţ
ҪǶӶ˯žͺˡ
ôණӳŵòУ;ǺǸûԵ˯š
Ҫ˵ᱻİɡ
ͼιȥȻûá
̾Ͳһˮƽ֮ɴ̹ˡ
ְֵһӦǳأ
Ϊ˼ҵԲ˯ţ
ԭҲ̫˰ɣ
ܱܲһģְֵĻֻõһƬĬȻ󡭡
ְҲĬˡ
ղ˵ģģ
Ƶص˵ͷûҪƭ㡣
ƭûǮ׬!֮ǰַ֪ӦŲ˵ġ
ְ֪֮󣬲˯žĶӣʼǸ˯žζ
ôó˵Ҷˡ
ð
ְֺˣͿȥ¹ԭҰʲôˡ
һܳ
ƻͨ


39 
ְǵڶ췢Ϣ, ¹ԭҰˣͰָˡ
ǹݵزûҲԵĻ, ȥԱһ, ¹ԭҰǵӦġ
ǴԱ򣬲ҪȺü
ҹ˯ž, ٵȼ, ǲ̫ĥ
ְ־¹ԭҰûжģܷܲһЩ
¹ԭҰҲǲԸ, ⲻǷŹ
Сһֱڼ, Ҳûʲô¸, ȥɣ̫ȣ¹ԭҰ˸ð취
ȥ¹¶Ӫˡ
¶ӪʲôĶ, Ҳ˵, ҪȥΡ
ͼ˵֮󣬳¹˯ʱ, ¹ԭҰ˵, Ͱһ¹״¹ԭˡ
¹һ˯, ʲôҲû, ȦվضܵСǣ¹׿˷ˡ
ر¹׷滹һֻźС¹׾͸˷, ְҵСߴҲˣ
԰˵Խ࣬¶ڵĵطԽ, ¹ԭҰɴ˵
Ͱ˺
¹ԭҰ׼˺ܶණȻ¶ӪǾˮƽԣǺͼ˶ٵģȥЩȦ¹ˡ
¹ԭҰȥʲôɵط
羰ãʳ࣬Ҫǻ죡
ôõĵط¹Ҳȥ
¹¹ԭҰ˸ƵȥĶ¶Ӫˣ
ԶԶԶĻͿȥ¹ԭҰ顣
Сɽ
¹񣺡
ƭء
ΪڲСɽƭСɽô죿
СʱҲСɽܴģܲ˽Сɽ
Сɽط
ȵȣ
¹ͻȻ׹ˡ
ܻľǸɵطаɣ֪ˣطȥ˾ˡ
ȥ˲Ľ
Ƶ¹ԭҰ϶ˮ飬һոӾӣڳԸմժѡ
ϴ¹һ֡
ǻ֡
¹ʱΪԼԲģ
Ϊ̫óԣȫˡ
û棬¹ûóԣôһ룬Լӿˡ
ŬסԼļʣ¹¹ԭҰһ¶ҷǸ㿴ûУ
ӣ¹ԭҰСƵڣſ¹񷢹ӣһ°ڿһ¡
쿴֮ô죿¹
ƪµƪҲ󲿷ֶͼƬ¹ԭҰܿͿˣƪ½ܵһѧУʳõĻʳ
ıʻдúˡ
ͼͺˡ
õ¹ԭҰȦЩƬҲǡ
õ¹ԭҰҷ˵Ƭ
СѧҲþ¹ͶСѧ
¹ʣô찡
ںɾͼ¡¹ԭҰ˵žͰˡ
ЩƬǸĸҳģ¹ԭҰûͷӦþ΢źЩˡ
¹ԭҰдƪµˣӦʶˣ˻֪¹ԭҰĶСѧѧ
дƪµʱӦûʲô⣬ֻǵذ¹ԭҰЩͼСѧʳõķ˶ѡ
ܲᣬԷ֪ܲĶ
һųһֵˣʣµЩˣ¹ԭҰû취ųˡ
ǷһȦ˵һ£žǽһ£ÿ緢ЩͼƬСѧûʲôϵСѧʳõĲɫ
֮¹񷢸¹ԭҰƪ¾ͱɾˡ
Ȼ¶ѾɾˣӦõ˰ɣǲġ
ƪµĹںţкܶעΪĹϵصˣоһ֣СѧУѣҲ֪˭·΢ϡ
˼ҵѧУʳ˲ڶע
еСѧҲ˴ҵҰ
ܶز֪ˣҲ֪ˡ
ǣвٵļҳԼѧУԷĺӣѧУķǲӵġ
𰸵Ȼǲ
˵ĺʵĲһϾвٵļҳˡ
СѧʳõķˣȴСѧͷϣ˴עǹںԼԭû뵽顣
СѧУҲע⵽ˡ
ô˶ֻСѧҲԼĹںţǵһʱͱ̬ȣƪ˼ҵѧУʳãȫ鹹ġ
ʹõͼƬѧУʳõķˡ
Сѧ֮ȶҲ󲿷˾ֱӽ׵Ժ󣬵һСˣǺܺ档
ʹõͼƬǴģ
Ա©һҵӦѧУ
ѧУأ
ȥеѧУ˸飬ǡ
ͼƬ״ûнۡ
ű˲ȥ֪𰸵ļˣһĸо
ͺѴ˵ˡ
رǼ¹ԭҰԷĳ顣
һ뵽˶ĽĻʳÿ춼ܳԵеԽУˬġ
ǣǾĵظԼС˵ˡ
˵ƾҪó֤
ô֤ͼƬСأ
ô֤
ȻȦͼ֤!
˰΢ţ¹ԭҰȦĴܹ֤Լˡ
ʯҶҲ˺öԼûԹĲˣɰƻ!
!
ôãȻûԹظ!
ȻҲǺ£ܲҲһ֮ǰûԹЩ
ż죬Ҷͦеģ΢㻰⣬ʹر졣
ҳǻ֪ѧȦ棬Ѿ֪ˣСѧԱһСݣǰ΢رͼƬǼҵġ
¹ԭҰ֪ѧȦתЩϢڰ¹¶Ӫء
¶Ӫٵģտˣ¹ԭҰȻҲ׼Щ
ҲǷģտͳտ£Լһ˰سԲ
¹˸Ƶصðţտģ廨⣬֬ڻˮˮ£䵽̿ϡ
¹ԼԼһ⻭ԴЧġ
ֻͷ㣡˰!
¹ð
뿪ѵ¹ԭҰ
Ծ԰¹ԭҰ¹
¹ҲǣùǺùǺֻҪƵصͿ¹ԭҰ˵Ͳ
ѽͽī¹ԭҰһƵ
úõĽͽī˵Ǻ޹ˡ
⧲⵽ʳ
ţҪȻȥԿɡǽһ
ī˫˫޳ɡ
ʲôϣھȥ¹ֳԿ
Ųǡ
ҲҪ¹ԭҰ˺
ǴģŴ̫¹һ˾ȥտ꣬ͽԣô⡣
Ǯûб¹ԭҰ˸į
¹Լˡ
ҪȻ´λǴһտɡҲտóԡ
ī¹أ裬ܲȥС¹;˾ˣղƵʱС¹綼һȥˡ
С԰컹죬ڹȥҲüǼҶûгȥΣҲ̫ϧ˰ɡ
¹ĻظֻҪһӦϾͻؼʰȥΣ
С¶ӪĵطгӾо򲻻ӾֻС⣬˴ţӾȦͺˡ
ڵȴ¹شʱ䣬˼Ѿܵ˸ѡʲôӾȽϺˡ
ʲôǺˣ
¹ܾˡ
컹ڣҪȥԼȥ¹īʾĸҪڼ㡣
īʵȥС¹ˣǰɣʲôġ
˵ȥְҲȥˡ
īȻҲȥˡ
һ뵽ܺС¹һ棬īͺŶ
īְԿϺ
򣺡Ҳ롣
īְӾ
¹񣺡Ҳ롣
ͻȻֵ¹ֱӰѽīͽŵˡ
¹˻ֻ˾˵ͻؼңȥǱ߳ԷӦпϺԣӾĻ
ӾݻСʱţȥĻü
īһ±ס¹ȣã
Ҳ¹һܱ˵á
ˣҪӾȥɡ¹˦˦ԿףǻҪϿȥӾװأ
ʵ¹ҲѾӾװĿʽˣ


40 
¹ԭҰ򲻵, ְ־ʹԱ˵·죬ǵǼˡ
ӵݴĵ绰ʱְԼԱ, ˭˿ݡ
ȿݵʱ, ְϿڴ˯й, ѿݲˡ
һ, Ǻͨͨһۿȥ;
, һ, ԵĲһ
ȷˣ
ְûԹ, ֪ǰ¹ԭҰȥѵģѳľ, Ӧְ, ֪ˣ
һͽ, Ҳֵ, Ҳ, ҲܹܵķΧڡ
ζְһ߳һ˵
ζǻ, Ǻ¹Ǳ߳ԵģǲһζҸϲ¹Ǳߵġ֮ͷ˿ӡ
, ûôˣһըǸζ
, ûа취¹𣿡¹Ƕģζԡ
ְ־;ˣʲôë
ǵó˭˭ġ
ǹݵطģģصˣôͱȲ¹ԭҰأ
벻ͨ
ְָǣըʲô
Ҳ˵;¹ԭҰǱߵըζãϲ
ߺӲְֵϰߣΪݺ棬ְ־¹ԭҰǱһԱȿ
¹ԭҰҵĵ׺ó
ȻܱȱûҪóԣ
ְֺ¹ԭҰ΢˵飬æһ
¹Ҳ˵Լ¹ԭҰɴʹӦ
ؼҵ·ϣ˳ȥг˸
˵ҪȵĻҪóԣ¹ԭҰʵǲôΪġ
Ͼóûб׼ģÿ˵Ŀζֻͬ˵¹ԭҰĿζѡ
ȻҪˣ¹ԭҰʹһЩ˶࣬ÿ˷һ㣬ֳԲ
¹ԭҰը¹񽪽ŽīͲŵˣϴһģһĻʹãҪǲ֪˿ˣΪǴĻ·ɻ
¹ԭҰһ¹ȲܹͽץһӽһҧͷֵĿ¹۾һ
¹ԭҰȦ濴ˣ¹ԭҰϴƵ濴ࡣ
Ǹʱͺˡ
¹ԭҰ΢ŵʱ¹ԭҰѾڰ¹¶Ӫ죬ʱ䲻¹ôأ
ֻܱš
ﰡͲˣ¹ﵽ¹ԭҰˡ
¹Ͼ͵㵥Ҫ࣡
˸ջ㵥տֵ㵥࣬ģϼͣ¹㲻
¹СʱǸС椣Ǹ椣˴ѧʼƴʣѧҵ֮󣬾ݵء
һֱעʳأԼ̫ĶҲͱסˡ
¹ԭҰ⣬¹ͷҲеֲֹԣѵóһβֵġ
¹񻰸˵꣬ϹͶӾĬĬؿ
ѽѽ㻹ǵʲô
տ
ȷѵóһΣ
ӵر¹Σ¹˵һξһΣֻһβֵģ
¹װһӣϣͳ׷ŲˣһֻһһһһŶʱ䣬һˡ
īԣԵô㣬͸ˡ
۰Ͱ͵ؿ¹񣬡ܳһ𣿡
˵ԡ
Сӣģᱻ޵ġ
¹ô˵ˣīǲȳһСָͷͰ͵˵Ҿͳһ㡣
һҲ֪ӲܳԾԲöմһ¹ǲһ裿
Ųǡ
һֻǵ֪ȫڽīĽܷΧ֮ڣĽīԹ֮󣬾Ҫ
Ϊһ˶ռ¹Ҳƭ
۸СΪҲ̫˰ɣ
ûһ˳ֹһ
¹Ӣ۰سֱӸ¹һƣ˹һСڸīҪģСһĻͲҪˡ
ллšīЦһ£ȻСһ
ֻһ㣬˱֮⣬ȫ֮ǰͿ֮ʲôһ
ԽīеСµġ
ҧһԸζ
˵Ǻܴˣǲ֪Ϊʲô¹ԭҰŽīĪĶеۡ
⺢ӵǱӹ˼βôİ
ζī֪һ㶼Ͼҧһڣ͸ƬһһͰ¹һСԵˡ
һҪһ𣿡һīҰҰ죬û񫣬ųԡ
ԵĻȻǿ
¹ŵӣýīԼץһСѣȻͰӸˡ
¹һżôˣһҪأ
ȻͳտˣôϻĶ㲻¿ǻ񰡣˵꣬¹Ͱȫˣһûʣ¡
¹ôأ
ֻܺƭĶ
һԣһûԵԣһûԹԣǲԼͬѡ˿Ӷӡ
һСӵȭͷץٶһһڶģο˷أ
īʳܿûˣһҲģΪ˾˸һֻϺôôĿϺ
ζرã
һΣīûûְֻѴϺƭˡ
жѾ׼ˣѾˣԵĻԼȥտɣ
ȻҪĻ¹ڽī׵Ĵˡ
ƭСĶԣôˣҪҪ˰
ҪĻ¹Ͳ˰
¼Ѿ¹ƴˡ
밤¹ͽ򣬼װʲô鶼ûзȥԺӡ
տļҲͻջζȻǵˮƽغܲ
˾ͿʼƮˣԼտѾǷ켫ˡ
׼׼ȥտˡ
¹ԭҰǵıӣǱˮûһھûȣôʹأ
ֵͬտһʹõǰ¹ĴϺһг㣬ǴǴϺǴ趼ҳԵ㡭
ǱѡԵغˡ
ǼᶨΪϵĿϺǵʵˮƽ
ǶտϺ˵㣬ֻһʱʧֶѣԾͺãԾͺã
Եһʱְֿˡ
΢յ¹ԭҰϢ֪ѾˣԼá
ְĴߴ£ֻܿųˡ
˶ûнſŵһ˿Ʋסտζ
ȥְֵ϶ģһһص֮⣬˼տ
ؼҳԵģܱյĳڣտζɢȥһֱְֵıǰת
оͺĥˡ
ʵ̲סˣְ·˸λͣ򿪴ӣó¹ԭҰĿ
ζľˣ
Һղżװ˼ûȥ
Ҫ֪̤ŵʱ򣬿һտ̲סˮˡ
ǲ˼ҾԼ̫ＱԼһ¡
һΣְ־͸ϿˣȻѡûд
ҪûгԵְֿ϶ѳӶ˵ģ
ĬĬһڳеտ꣬ȻĬĬؾʲô鶼ûзҿһ磬÷Լϵտζְ־һûػ˼ҡ
һؼңôȥôʱ䣿
ְ飬һţҪ࣬ûˣһһȥϴˡ
ְֵıӰͺĪˡ
һ
ϲпյ
ȻĻе֣Ų˹һ¹ԭҰ
Ե֮ǰһֱ᲻ʲôӦüӵĶ
ҪȻΪʲôԵ˯ŵĵز
ǳһڣ֪ͷ϶ûҼӶ
ΪóԲԣΪʲôһԲܳԳ


41 
𿴶ը, ¹ԭҰըԱģе㲻һ
ȿ״¹ԭҰըгһһε, ѶͿ, Ȼٰ֥ȥ
ԱģȻҲ֥, ǲû¹ԭҰôࡣ
ߵζҲڲ, Ҳ˵̫֪Լϲһ, ¹ԭҰ, ζ
о, ȥ俪ƿơƣ˳Ҳһƿ֣ĸĬĬس, һȥˡ
ô, ˣӽ˯þˡ
ڶ˯, û, ø˾, һ, ֲԾˡ
ǻа޵أ
ôʣ˸ƿ׶
˭أ
֮¡
ְϴںơƣ, Ҳȵ㣬ޣ, ˿ʼһһ߳һߺȡ
һܶӣʵϰɡ
Ĳԡ
ͬٸһӣȪˮȪˮٺҲһװģһƿȪˮ
һ࣡
СƳܺ¶ǵģ
ְֺһͺ˿ơˡ
Ҫơƺȱˣܳԡ
ӵ׶
˵ǺˣϽѹӲػ˷䣬趼ѾôˣʣµЩһݣ
֪¶ְֺ赭ȻһЦ
ȫϵġ
ȻСӰ
һ
Ȼܵɱ
˶гģ
򲻾
Ȼ÷ϻŲǾ
ֲš
ɳϿӰﱧǸӣֱһƿ֣ڱ֣һ
ְҪһ

ȷ
ٸһλᣬѡһ¡
ᶨѡ˲
ͲǮ
ְͳֻֻĻ׼֤ԷܹĻϵ֣Ȼ¹ԭҰ໹㡣
¹ԭҰû
ְѾԤĻش
϶еģ
ŵĶӰ
㽫֪ʲô
һܶĻᣡ
Ȼ
¹ԭҰûС
ְ֣
Ǹ
Ҹһᣬܲѡһ£
߻һ⣬ܲһЩ
ڻǹڣ¹ԭҰ¹ڰûߡ
¹ԭҰһ˶ϲȻһֱһֱԣʳԣ˳ԣȻһپͳˡ
ǲǺܿţ
ǵġ
ȻǾⱨӦˡ
̫˶ϻˡ
ΨѵģҲֻ¹ԭҰͰˡ
ˣ¹ְ¹裬¹񽪽򣬽ī¹ףȫϻˣҴȫǻˡ
¹ԭҰҪΪϰҹ첹ûϺʹһԣ϶ҲӲ
ͶˣԶرʹ¹ֹ¹ԭҰϻĶڴҵĿǻ֮ǰ˵ˣԶܳԡ
ԡ
ȻҲʱû취ְˡ
⣬ұԼСӣȫλػԲְһ˿һĻᣡ
e
Ҫôˣ
ѵְҪ
ܣ
ְһֱŬѶӽ¸ң󷽵ĺꡣ
ţôŬѾɹˣ
ԣڣǸ¸ң󷽵ĺöӣҲġ
ɣְѾ׼ˡ
ĬĬת
ְ֣
ְֲǵô̹㰡
ҪҪ¿һ£
ӻ˷䣬еؾܾְ֣˭һسԵġ
ô࣡
أʵôһ㣬ְֺ֮ǰûһһ㣬Ҫ˵رڣʵҲûС
Ϊ˺ö࣬Ѿˡ
ʱǲζˡ
ôǡ
ְַơĳԷ
ȾƵʱûһ¾Ʋˣо͸׺һ
û취ְֳȥϴʱ͵͵䣬
ö࣬֡
оϾˣ̵ְһơƣǿ֣

¹ǵ˿ǻ֮󣬿˵ǷǳˣóԵĶܳԣһĵطͻۡ
û취ֻȥҽԺˣҽԺЩ˪֮ҩĵطͿˡ
ǰҽĻʵҩ嵭ʳӦúܿͻõģǡ
Ͳס¹Լ
ôʱ䶼̲סȻ󡭡
СĿǻˣ¹ͽ˵Ŀǻ񲻵ûãøˡ
Ҹҵǣһÿǻ棬ֻʣûˣǡ
¹Ƿˡ
ǵĳԺȣûпǻ˿ʼԸϻʳƷ¹ͽֻܿ۲
¹ҲǸˣʹǸˣȻҪԡ
һʹһƴԡ
¹ԭҰҲһѾˣ¹⨺ˣ¹ԭҰժ˼ôҳԣ⨺Һ𣬵Ǵ̼˿ڵʱ򣬾ͺʹ
¹һˣͳ߰˸⨺ҡ
⨺˯һ¹ĿǻȻ˲٣
ΪʹһֱûԵĽ֮ǰӡ
⹦ЧҲ̫˰ɣ
ʵ¹ԭҰһֱɰ¹ĹϹ߲˶ǳкôֻ֮ǰһֱûҵ֤ݶѣں˰ɣ
֤ݣ
¹ԭҰ͵͵ȥͰ֤
ˡ
¹ȷʵһЩܹ֮ʳĵƷʣʳĵζøãȷʵûа취ʳԡ
ʲôΰٲ
ͲҪˡ
Ǹ⨺ҡ˪û⨺ҵЧ졣
⨺ұܹƿǻ񣬾㲻ǰ¹⨺Ҳ˵Чûôѡ
¹ԭҰҲǣõıѾˣûҪȥ
ĸôһĽָ
¹ԭҰӦҲӡ
ϾģֻŬܶˡ
㣬ڹСٽ֮󣬻Ҫȥ갡
¹ԭҰ빤ֻż١
ûһܵĲ˵ʱôô͹ȥˣ
һܳʲôɣ
ȫûκεͷ
ˣͷȻֱ¹ԭҰäѡˡ
ֻһ²ף¹ԭҰܿͰ¸ÿʲôˡ
ըš
ըŰ
¹ԭҰ뵽ˡ
ôãôСֻҪΪֹۣ¹ԭҰǰѳˡ
ʲôʱܳԵԼⰡ
ʾҪ¹ԭҰļԵĻ취һ㳤
¹ԭҰԴǵؾܾˡ
ǵðϴδ÷ʱ򣬽ü쾫һӣ¹ԭҰʹ𨡣
˵̫úϢָܹˡ
Ӱʲôġ
¹ԭҰʲôĻܸ˵Դֲʲôû⡣
¹ԭҰ
ȻɽûдֲʲôɣֻһСɽѣޣ¹ԭҰҪ˰Ļ
¹ԭҰ죬ܱͿˡ
Ǯܹ򵽵ĶʲôҪôԼ
ȻȻ¹ԭҰһſ
кܴһ֣ݰ˵Ĺʡ
¹ԭҰһӦʲôʱ飿
ô֪һݹ칤ʵģ
һͣ¹ԭҰ֪ˣݹʣǹҸģֻҪһɽ񣬾һ쵽ʡ
Ҳǹ¹ԭҰģҲǸողġ
ΪǰһֱҪǮû
ǮһֱڿѾܿɹˡ
˵ɷ򶼻ѹʽӱܣǮ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰ˵ͷȻһ㶼ذǮȫתԼȥˣȻ𨷢㻨Ǯ
ô㣬ֻʮǮ𨿴ȥͦ˵ġ
ˣʲô㻨Ǯ򰡡
¹汧Ű˵ը
Ϊѵüͷը
֪ҪǮ
ֻʮǮҹܾͲըˡ
ǰ¹״ȸְ򣬵ȵ´ٸС¹ըɲԣ


42 
¹ԭҰʵϲը
Կը
ȻҪը, ¹ԭҰ˳ըˡ
ۼˮɢɼҺȻһЩЩͷԱ߱á
¹ԭҰȥ, Ѿ, ȻϷۣϵҺ, մ, һըըžˡ
¹ԭҰҲûصȥ, ȥ¹˵߲, ˵Ϻ, ȥ˵ϣȻ׼ʼըˡ
߲˹ϱֱӶȥըͿˡ
ըϺ΢Ҫһ㣬Ҫѿǰ, ȻϺ, Ϊը֮󱣳ֱֱ鷳Ļ, ûҲԡ
ʣµ㽶, ¹ԭҰҲǹֱ֮Ӷȥը, 㽶ը֮, ¹ԭҰһߡ
ȻҪǷԵģܺըһˡ
ЩǱȽϼ򵥵ģ¹ԭҰһ֥ʿȹ, ⳦汧һƬ֥ʿȻһȦˡ
Ļ, Լ飬ִ࣬¹ԭҰû׼ˡ
жըˣѧУûзѧ¹ԭҰѻĸ˵ķ˶װ÷ϣȻͰʣµЩըһ𣬶˵˹̨Աߡ
ˮѶɵı飬¹ԭҰͰ˿ֵس
ŸտʼûأСѧ¿ˣʮң¹׾ʹܽˣְֺڹ̨ը¹Ҳûڹ̨ԱߣŰְҲһ
¹ԭҰĸըŵĻѾһˣѡġ
ȥţʣµľϺ㽶ʲ߲ˣһֵܴģ¹ײʶ֥ʿȹ
ըϺǲ˵ģ϶óԣ㽶¹ҲԹģģҬ㣬¹Ҳϲʲ߲ô֣ÿһֵζһ¹Ҳ÷
Ǹɳͷѽܳܳ˿Ķ¹ûгԹҲԡ
̰ĵ¹ȫҪ
¹ױΪ¹ԭҰܾģû뵽һΣ¹ԭҰȻӦˣ
¹Լû뵽
ը̫ǲãֲԣżһûйϵġ
¹ԭҰҲ¹׷ſ˳ԣҪըԣǰҪȰԼķ֮꣬ܳġ
֮󣬶Ҳ߷ֱʱٳЩըĶҲԲ˶١
Ϊ˳ЩըĲȫ¹ϲģûмӷһηڵϵŰը
Ҳһ
¹ԭҰһֵ飬磬ӻһЩƽʱûеġ
ĵλúܺãѧؾ֮·¹ԭҰԱߵ·ڹ̨͸žܿ·
ҲܹӰ
Ҳֻܹѣһ£г
ΪѧſҲкܶ꣬Ϊ˷㣬ֱѧſģ¹ԭҰӻֲЩʲôģû취ѳ
ƽʱͻȻˣ϶Ϊʲôرԭ
¹ԭҰʱ֪ԭʲô͸ƽʱһҪ
һ̵ը׳ۣԼԵģƷټ¹׺ԱߵĳԲݡ
ʳҵȤ
úõһ֥ʿȹǷҪҧ֥ʿһȻһһذϳ֥ʿԵ
ͺȤ˰
֥ʿĶһ㶼ñȽϹ֥ʿȹʮǮ𲽵ġ
һͷҲʮǮңʮǮһóʮǮʳеѵġ
򲻵֥ʿȹѵ򲻵
Ǹ濴кöడ
µúܱը֮ҲԵر壬һʱ俴ȥôִࡣ
͸£ֱܷóʲô
֥ʿȹԲĻЩ߲ܲܳԲ˰ɡ
ãը㽶һһʡ
¹ԭҰ͵˼ԼҳԵģġ
ը￴ܶ࣬Ҳֻǿѣը֮Щը״һըը֮кܶĿ϶˲
ʵϣһը¹ԭҰͰ˺ˮܰˡ
¹ԭҰʱ䣬ѧѧѾвʮˣƽʱ㣬ǼӦöѾԷˣɽôûˣ
Ǳ
Ҳ˶ɣ¹ԭҰǵĸ˺ġ
е㵣ģ¹ԭҰҪҪȺ淢Ϣһ¼ҳʲôġ
¹ԭҰϢ֮ǰǻˡ
¹ԭҰע⵽ǶһȻǶˣϢ¹ԭҰɾˣҲһң¹ԭҰ߳ˡ
ϱŸҪȥѧУӡ
ǷԺˣ¹ԭҰһӦ
ͽȥһӣҲ͹ȸģԲꡣ
ҰѷȥѧУԣѧУе¶ʲô飬˵ף˵Ͻˡ
ͻҲ˵ʲôԭҪߣҲһ뿪
ʵʲô鰡
ǾֻǵҪѷȥѧУԶѡ
żٵʱÿԵЩ˲
˵СķˣóȦͼ֤ЩܾͻЩͼƬǹġ
ķ˿ȥŲôˡ
ȻΪ֤ЩƬʵģǲžѷ˴ѧУԵġ
ըըµľǲ࣬Щը׷һ𣬱׷ˮŪˣصذըź׷ֿˡ
ȵѧУʱըŻһִࡣ
ʯҶʳóԵģҲ֪֤飬ʳôҴҰڷСϹˡ
պøϣǲŸոհѷд򿪡
õķжԼģõ渽룬õҲ֣ʽ΢е㲻һ롣
ξͱȽϾһˣõǷֲı·УģһըźͰ˿һŴ׷Ĳˡ
˻עһ°̣ûйܹĳƷȥǺܲġ
ǹˣͼƬһˮƽǷҪĿζ
ôˣܲÿ˶һڰɡ
ⲻʵ
Ծѡ¡
һһÿ˴Գһڡ
ʯҶƴ֣رɹصõһĻʳˣлܳԵʯҶȻܷŹ
ǵһڣʯҶͼһš
Բ۳
ô˼
˵һھһڣһڣСҲһڡ
ʯҶһڳԽȥû취˵ˣһ߽һ˸Ĵָʾζ
ǼʯҶʯҶţҲţû˼дģͼһСģڽ֭ͷպһ¡
һԣͺˡ
ǸղӦúƤдһġ
ʵѧУʳãҲը˵ġ
ʳõըţִ࣬£ţͣԼͷֿˡ
ֵǣʳõըûζģ
ʳôʦεģ
˵㲻Ҳˣô㽴ͻʲôѽ֮İɣ
ûС
һûС
ֻܿƵسûζըţֲҲ̵ըš
ʵ˵ʵټһڵģںз˵ĵ£ûҡ
ȻǼ嵰ձգס˻κߣһ飬ۻһ㣬ʮ֣
ʵʮ֣
嵰ܺóûдǱѹ΢е󣬲С⡣
һߵʯҶ񶼿ˡ
ΪʯҶһӼ嵰嵰ֻܹ飬һ඼ˣôԸ⡣
ƴűסԼ嵰ô˵ʯҶ¿ˣؿӣѵظʯҶһСˡ
С̲ܲˣ滹һЩƶһЩͣġ
ζܲӦġ
һԾϲˣеһģҲ䷹ԡ
Ķ˵͹̲ܲˣ͵ʱϡԳóԣ
˶ѾԹˣʮ֣ʮֲ֤ͼƬʵԣ֤˷˵ζ̶ȣ
ʱͼƬѾҪˡ
Ҳ볢ŵʲôĲˣ̲


43 
, һʶ㲻ѣҲ졣
ҲûҪţֻС̲, Ƕô΢󰡡
ܾܾ
һС̲˶ѡ
̲˾ôһ, ÿ˷ֵĻֻÿ˾ֻõһС
ղųԹС̲˵ʯҶһ㶼, ʾ, ˲ԵĻǿԴ͵ġ
˵̬Ҳ̫һɣ
Ҳһ˵, ûϵ, صҪúóˡ
ը, 嵰ܲС̲ˣһڿ, ĸǵ֮˻Ҫ
ǵȻըŰ
κҪʼԷ, һеľȻǲԤĺó, ֿɿ, ͽ֭ų, ͣ֡
˵׷
˭ǵó׷, 谭Ǻըమĵߣ
ԵĻǿԳըųԵ
ǡ
һ˾ôһ, ˳ȥζûˡ
ǺЩֵֻС̲˵ȣѾҸ˰
ֻĽ, һһڵسִըţоȻ
༶һ
žֻһ飬ôϧгʱ򣬽Ǽ嵰嵰ĻƵ÷ǳĽֳǳÿۻɫһҧȥ˳ӵرֿ
ǳ
ϸϸؾ׽ζ˿ǻſǻĶ˳ڼįĿǻвһ˿֪Ӻδζ
С̲˷ֳȥ֮ԼҲֻʣһˣͼ嵰ըȣС̲˾ԵЩˡ
װˮ׷ϣݷβͣһС̲˾ô¹µرڰ׷ϣûкĺۡ
ӲŪյߣȥʱ˳ŰС̲
Բۣڷ˵նģ
ԭС̲ôóԵ
ڵѧмûгԹ棿
Էʱѵʵʵֻһ𣿡
ѵӸС̲ˣ
С̲˵ر࣬Ƚϳģեˣܲ񣬽빽ƹ֮ġ
ΪʼߵܲҲԹӵ̲ܲˣζ̲ܲˣûгԵ
̲ʼֵʱΪڶҲܹԵ߲˲űģΪ˽ڶ̵߲˱浽죬Բż˴Ρ
̲˺ֻ̣ҪһС飬ܹԵķ
ǺصǶԽСС̲¹̲˲ֻ̡
ҲСܲʱҲԹӵģЩ̲ȫΪ·ζǻ׷ͷ֮ʳԵĻͻر̡
ճԵ̲ܲ˾Ͳζǡôֱʳˡ
˾ãζոպõ̲ܲˣ䷹Բ̫
ôأ
˵⻰ĳԹ
Ͳ̲ܲˣͲΪ׷Ӱùѵ׷У̲ܲ˵ˬͻ
ˣڰ̲˶ֳȥˡ
ҪûзֳȥĻźݷ̲ܲˣζжð
ˣֻһ˶ѣκҲôġ
Ҳ֪¹绹᲻ǳʯҶ粻Ǳ߳ԣÿοͼƬɫζȫķˣʹļˡ
ӦòİɡÿԲ
ŸճԹĲˣôܻ
ҪԵĻӦûа취ġ
ȥʱһ¹̲ʲôӵģʱԲˡʯҶ󲻾¹ԭҰԼġ
˭ڼԼ̲ˣ
Ƕ鷳
ȥ
ֻҪʵӣʯҶ³Բ
˵̫еˣ
ûߵļ˾ʯҶʵ֮Ҳ˳һ£ʱǴҲǿԵġ
ʯҶһھʹӦˡ
Ȼ󡭡
磬ʯҶŴҵУ¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰóһСʯҶ󿴣Сװźһģһ̲ܲˣʯҶеû¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰûӣԼģʣôˣҪϲĻͼеȥ԰ɣûˡ
һ⻰˻ʲôôһ㣬һһӶϿȥ
̲ܲˣԵʱжô֣Сʱ򣬾жôıˡ
ҶʯҶĻͷԼ̲˵òûʰɣ
ʯҶʾԩ
Ҫ򵽵ĻҸʲô˵ҪǲŵĻȥʵʱҲڳ
ͷʵȷʵʯҶ˵¹Լģһ㱻ϳԵˡ
û˵ĻӦǿ԰Ҵһġ
С飺ԭԼˣ
ǳԵʱѵûѧУȴ
أ
ʯҶʲôģȻǵȵԼԱ֮ŻеĶ
ԼûԹ̸ʲôģ
ҾС̲ҲóԵİɣζҲܲΪʲôҵעȫС̲ˣʯҶԼʡ
Ƶ˵㻹˵أôһţҶûԹԽ˵ԽƣΪʲôô벻ʯأ
˱˻ԵĹСǵķӦǣhetui
ʲô
עС̲ˣǻΪֻԵС̲
ըźóԣǵǸǳ
ҲⰡ
ʯҶ˵ԵĻҲԸһȥ¹СԷշѣһͶʮ塣
ҪǾȥĻȥΪЩˣ¹ܾһΣûˡһȥǸ㣬Ҳû¹ԭҰˡ
кܶҲһġ
˵ʯҶˡ
Сķˣÿ춼
˵Ƿǳˡ
ʯҶ˸취ҪԼķȥ
һʮǮļ۸㻨Ǯٲһ㣬Ӧþ͹Էˡ
ʯҶѾѷҵѧУȥˣҪһԸѧڵǮѾмʹˣΪҪ󣬴ҶԥУû¶Ҫ
ôԣ
һ죬ʯҶʹһ졣
ѾڿҪҪһҪһһһһ
ʯҶȥһûԣҪû˵ĻͽҪȲȥˣ
Ů
˺Ӧһλҳλҳ˵ҪʯҶķȷ֮ʹ
˼Ҳͨһ£ԼҪȥ
ԵĻ
ҪǳɽˣԺʯҶҲСԷˣ
ˣҪСԷ黹ûк¹˵أ÷΢ź¹˵һſԡ
΢ţʯҶͽصȴ¹ԭҰĻš
¹ôûذ
ѵѾ˯ˣ
ʮӾ˯
ȥûȵ¹ԭҰϢʯҶֻ˯ҾڶٿûлظĻ취
ҪСķ
Ȼڶ𴲣ʯҶȻûյϢûйϵʯҶа취
ÿѧʱ򣬶ǻ·¹ӻſڵģǻϡ
ÿŶǹصġ
¹ӦڼҰɡ
ʯҶվ¹ԭҰſڣĬˣ¹㲻Ϊʲô㻹˯
Ҫź˵ǲ˼
ʯҶ˰죬ڹţԼͿˡ
ҲʯҶã¹ԭҰͻȻͣˣ͸ţͿʯҶվſתȦ
¹ԭҰʣһʲô𣿡
ʯҶעеƫˣϻش¹ԭҰ⣬¹ڳʲôͰ
ôģ
¹ҽҲԣܰݷ𣿡
㲻ѧУԵ𣿡ôͻȻܵˣ
ʯҶٺЦһ£ԼɻˣҰѷȥˡǮСз˹
еĹϵ¹ԭҰͷˡ
ſѧһأͰѷˣǮСϡ
ҪǼҳ֪ˣ¹ԭҰɽͲ
ɣȸҳͨһ£ԣ緹飬ͼҳ֮ٺ˵𣿡


44 
ѷǮ, ΪСķˣ
¹ԭҰԼףһ߰ȡһߺͰ˵¡
С¹ͲҪˣǸú, Żʱ, Եͷȥѧɡ
仰װֶ׶˵ģ
ոõô㣬ȥôóԵ, 㾹Ȼöӳ, öȥëǮһİͷ
ι
¹¹ԭҰô۸Ťͷ, 裡ҲҪͷ, ӣ
ڰ¹ԭҰѹ̵˺, ¶Ƚڣû¹ףְ˵Ķ, ѧҪٵ, ûʱˡ
óԣȻҲҪʱ, ںŪ, ġ
¹ԭҰô, , Ըµ˵Ҫص¹ԭҰһܳԵԵӡ
հļƻĽӦûдġ
ʵȴ, 𨱻¹ԭҰ§˯ͷ¹ԭҰѹסˣûа취ڲ¹ԭҰ
󱻱˯, Ȼһȥӡ
Ҳ¹𴲵ʱ䣬ְֺ֪Ҫӣ¹ϴ֮ûƽʱһԼԼ緹˷ԱߣŰְİӡ
ͷԺϻһΧȹϢǵһΰӣЩ裬¹ԭҰһûϾͶһЩװ׵ۡ
ڱǼ棬ȥɰ¹ԭҰ۵ز߰𨡣
¹׿ıǼۣдҲ豣һ£С͵͵ۣ֮ǰ¹ԭҰץˡ
Ҷ֪Ī¹ԭҰƤӵС¹Ρ
¹ԭҰϷ£ӷŽƽ׹֮ǰûһۡ
Ѿڼ壬ȵ˾ܳԣǵȴȴǺģ¹׻۵صţ¹ԭҰһδѧ
Ϊ¹ֻһ꼶СѧͲ֪ʱˣ
ھѧʮأ
Եȵ֮󣬳ȥѧ
ȰȰò׵ȵһˣְ־Ȼȥͷ
¹׿
˭ǲϵģ
Ұղ˺һ֭˳ǹζ
¹ѾƲסˣ
Ǿֻܳһ𨿴һʱ䣬¹Լһ̣ҪСĳ֪𣿡
¹ܿˣлл裡
ոã̵ʱΪа¹ײûд⣬ѧŰӣÿӴ˸˳
ȰȵȻܳˣͨİӲһҧȥʱǴģΪҧ˵ײĵططƤȴġ
Ȼ֮ǰѾһЩһ֡
֭Ƥ۵ڣֻܳһҲ̫пɣ
ⲻǻһ𶹻𣿡Ҫ˵úŰһ
¹ԭҰ¹һס
˰Ŵ¹ף¹СľͲϡ
˳˵һ£Ѿֻʣˣȷȥѧķᱻ۵Ŷ¹ԭҰѡ
˵ķ¹װʦԼŪһֱ׼ǱģĩǿԶһƷġ
¹ԭҰ֮ô˽⣬ΪʦЩƷһ㶼
¹׺ܳףһַΣˣԣҲֻܱ񱼽ңպòȵ˰༶ûٵסķ
ϻһζԼûʲôоͬѾԹ緹ֶˡ
оԼûа취רϿӣ
εʦҲζ˼ûڿϳԷֻǴ˵͵ζҲ˵ʲô
ҵͻûгԣȥ緹ģ
Ѿоڹˡ
ҪС󵽸ǹӵʦƾҪûˡ
СѶûз֣ʦ鱾ʱ򣬸Ͳ¹Ǳߣֻһߴת
ǱߵͬѧԣΪ˵õַ֣ó
̵θպô߹ǵʶص˵ͷ
Ȼ˭֪һУֻΪһССأ

ѧУǲôֻģʯҶ͵͵شֻһΪ˵¹ԭҰϢһ棬ΪϵǸҪ򷹿ļҳ
ϵʯҶְ֡
Ͽ֮ǰʯҶְִ˸绰ǹһذǰ˵ˣʯҶžһһ¹ػֻʯҶְһ䣬°һˡ
ʯҶְ֣
Ϣеһۡ
ʯҶһʱ䣬һֱһСԷȻΪҲСԷѷˡ
ﻹûǸСȥһ
˿֮һȥСǱ߽Ǯ
֮ʯҶְˣСͦ͵İ
ǾȻô¶
ΪʯҶ֮ǰ˵˵ûӦͷˣ֪ʯҶôǲӦԼȥ
ѷˣ
ʯҶְֽ绹ǵȥѧУһ˲ˡ
ŵ㣬һ°͸ϽȥѧУʯҶѾУſڵˣԱ߻һλҳڵȡ
ӦǷˡ
бڣʯҶְָʯҶӣһѷλҳҲûжǮʣ»мٷնǮ
˵ǮʯҶְ֡
ʯҶʱ䣬ĺżⶼ˰СʱˣٲȥСûʱˡ
ʯҶĴߴ£ʯҶְֿųС
̸֮ǰ¹ԭҰԶٷ
̸֮¹ԭҰҲ׼ʯҶְֵķˡ
ʯҶְȥʱҲԷѾԺˣӱԵøɸɾһ׶ûʣ¡
ʯҶְֻǵ֮ǰ軹˵ӳԿˣ˺üôһ
񰡣
á˴ҪߵģʯҶְ֣˸к
ҲãҪҪҪһʯҶ忪һȥʯҶְ˵
òؾܾʯҶְֵ룬Ȼܡ
ǸĸѣѵļҳǻþнѧУô͵ˣ
һ϶ѾԵòˣʯҶְ֮ûãֻʣˡ
ûʯҶְֵûϵʯҶĲ̵̣ȻķװͿˡ
ĲǸɹˣ輦צͰм
мҪúòףѡľͺҪ
ʯҶְֲˣܳԣܿмıƤƣϸۣմϷ˴н˵Ľͣһҧȥζ
ʯҶְųһڣûӰмѣʯҶѾ˺ü顣
ֲƷʳ
˾ʲôԲˣ
ҪǿװֵķϣʯҶһ鶼ģ
ʯҶְ֣һҪлһ
ʯҶסԼ룬л֪ͺá
ʯҶƽϣʯҶְּһм׷棬СӰѽͽ˰м档
һҨ׷ͰмŽžͺûԵӡ
һ߳ţʯҶְֻʯҶһڳһô
㶼ԣ
ʯҶ󣺲ôҾͲѧ
ʯҶѧٶȺܿ죬Ͼֵķһ飬Ȼ˸Ĵָл̵ֵˣ
ɷʯҶְֿˣתսȥһߵ輦צ
צǴǵģ˺ܶĴ⡣
ʯҶְеᣬΪ˴ͻζ绹Ҫϰ࣬һھǴζе㡭
̫ðɡ
ȻͿʯҶ˼צһȥצûˣȻ۵¹ͷһȥסŹǣһȫûˡ
ʯҶȻڳһצŻҪһצ֣
ʯҶְ־Ͳˡ
еĹǣʯҶְһצצġ
ҲǳģҧһʯҶְֲСҧһСĩ֮󣬾ͳԼĵģ̲סüצȥմ֭ĩҪԼÿӼŽ
ӣܲµղģ
ʯҶܡ
輦צҪ֭ζãʹʯҶܰѼצΪ˶һצ쳣Ĭ


45 
Եʱûио, ȵ֭֮ĩѾûмˣʯҶְֺ֪طԵеˡ
ζӺʼӿ
ʯҶʯҶְֳ극֮, ʯҶְֻѾûκ, ֮, ʯҶͺ¹ԭҰ˵, ְѾӦԷ
ʯҶְûзû˵ĬʯҶ˼
ֱӰʯҶѧڵķǮȫ, ʡʯҶÿ춼ҪǮ, ̫鷳, ¹ԭҰǮ, ʯҶϵĳԷͶ
ԺҲʳˣ
ʯҶ˵ر
Ҫȥӷ£
ÿγ̼
Ժɾûˣ
ʯҶߵģͿһĥĥ˽, 黹еԥ, ڿ֮, ͻȻᶨˡ
ⲻСΧ۵ļ
ôˣ
ʯҶԷС𣿡ͷŮʡ
ʯҶʣ԰, ҲҪ𣿡
ʵû̫ҪΪĻûҪ
ǵļʵʯҶļе㲻̫һ
ʼǿϵͼƬеĶʯҶ˵һһ͵, һγԳԿ
ݿ𣿡ʮǮеˣ˸취һݷųԡ
ŮӵķСݷҲܳԱ
˵֮, ¹ԭҰһ£ԵǿԣǵԼС¹ԭҰǴѧڲˡ
Ϊһ࣬ϴĹ̫ˡ
ԸԴеĻ¹ԭҰǿԴӦġ
ǼŮҲģΪ˳һݷ΢е㲻˼¹ԭҰ˵ҲҪŷйġ
¹ԭҰʣǾͳԽһΣ˵Ժǣ
ȳһͿ𣿡ԺҪҪԣҶûоء
ԣǷѧ֮Լðɡ
еû뵽ô򵥾ͳɹˣŮܸ˵뿪ˡ
ģֻ⼸Ů˼Ҳ˵ҪҪһݷ
¹ԭҰҲǸԴеҪԥһ£ǴӦˣֻʱӽϸĵ硣
˼ˣû¹ԭҰ̫ĹԭĲ˵Ѿһ㲻ٸġ
¹ԭҰͲϲѧйоصسԷеԥϵͣǳзأǺ跹أ
ûа취
ԣ
ɴ࡭
Ժˣ
ôԣ
ˣ¹ԭҰзԺ跹Ȼ˷ųԣܳԵַ
ǰ¹ԭҰһ˵ʱû취
¹׸û취
ֻʹѡһ
֮¹ԭҰȥ׼ˡ
Ҫ׼зĲϣ跹ĶﶼУҪر׼һһҲνĵĲҲûйϵ
跹ʣʣ˳ԵģͲ¡
зͲһˣ΢һ鷳¹ԭҰôС緹ˡ
Ҳҵġ
ϴɾ֮ҪһͣŽ緹ȻΪϲԷرܲ㹽ʳķź֮󣬼ϳͻˮ
ˡ
֮緹ڵҲһ˳Ծˡ
¹ԭҰܽ˵棬һɰɰȫһ֡
¹ԭҰһʽ⣬Ǻܺÿĺɫпķⲿ־Ө͸ģǳƯ
㲻ϲԷˣҲûа취һ㡣
¹׿ԼĲ̣ٿְǱߣѾʼˣںõʳıӽһ𣬽֭ȵعÿһ׷棬׷˺ÿֺóԵɫ
ԱһԼ¹׽ʵʵĽˡ
ΪʲôǳԵòһ
¹顣
ʯҶʼ͵ĬĬ֧¹ף
û
ҲԺ跹з
ְֳԵĶʣʣ治Ҳе𣿡¹ԭҰʼƭС
¹ϳԵ޲ˣ⣬һţ䷹¹ԭҰϣǶһ㡭
֣
һôԶԱȣ
͵ĵطܺó㳢ԵóԵľһҪһ°𨣬¹ԭҰ¹׵ͷɹȻ˰
Ҳһ¹׵ͷɹ¹ԭҰ
ζҲ
ιιȥо¹׼ме̫ˣ͸ɴһзһ׺跹Ͱ򷢵Ǳȥˡ
¹ףоԼô£
кóԵҲܿİ
¹׳һڣ⣡úó԰
Թ֮ͲԼİ׷ˣ
¹׶ԼӣȥҰְ֣һзһɺ跹ְû
綨ݷŮˣ¹ԭҰȥװˣˣһţûжװ
Ůó˱ӣ׼
¹ԭҰװʱ򣬼Ůڹ̨ԱߵţÿڳԺ跹
˳ʳҲ֪ΪζɫŮĬĬһ¿ˮ
ȵ¹ԭҰгʱûе㷹ŮʣǸ跹𣿡
¹ԭҰһ£ҪĻʮǮ
ʮǮ
Ҳ۸񣬼Ůһ£ûе㷹ŮʾҪһݺ跹
ǾȻҲ˷С
¹ԭҰҲǴˣԼķŮǮ֮󣬾뿪ˣǻѧУȥСҪǱ߳
跹Ĳ϶ֻǷڷѣ¹ԭҰûаǰãŮԼ裬˵ʳĺ׷ϣڴˡ
ûȫãҾѾʼȲˡ
֮ǰ˵õģһݰ跹һײ͡
˶ȳһڰ跹跹ζǾˣһᣬż嵰С̲ˣлƹ϶ѿľЩˣʮǮİ
ҾҲܳһŮ˵꣬˰춼ûСӦ
һҶԷأ
ĸȰȰȣ
跹ζأҵһľζɫŨĺ跹ȣҶΪʣµĺзζӦû˲١
ûС
ʽζʿɿڣĲֲһζһζ
ͻȻڸղŵİ跹Ե̫ˣҪǰŽȥһ裬ζ϶ã
޲رˬ࣬ϸϸؾ׽ܳԳһζرˬ
ţͲ˵ˣʵϣгţ㹽͵ף֭ǹ͵ģճɫܵζȴܴ
㹽ζţ͵ζ
ֻŨζʲˡ
e
һĬ֮һŮͻȻ˿ڣҾûԱţֻǺ跹
ٸʮݶûⰡ
ʵ
Ҳôġ
Ǯ
һ뵽ΪûǮܳôóԵķͻȻӿһŬѧϰĶأ
꼶һнѧŶ
ѧʲôģĩˣھԶδҲǺҪġ
ô绹𣿡
ⲻǷϻ
Ȼ԰
ԲһصײͷѵԲ𺫹跹
ʮǮһݵĺ跹ԵϰƲ
ǡ
еڴϰʲôˡ
ҪȻ
Ǻͽһ
ݺ跹ײͷ
ƽһ£ÿҲֻҪʮ߿壬һ󣬵Ǵȫܹе𰡡
ôһ°ɣѡ񺫹跹ִ䡣
ȫƱͨǣôؾˣ
ִŵ㣡
ΪԵ˺óԵķˣŮӵ鶼رã˯ǰ˼Сϰʲôأ
õڴУʶģۿҪˡ
ͻȻ
ŮԼͬشо
Ŷ
Ǹϰ˵ҪǳԷŶ
ʯҶ֮ǰ˵ˣСǱǶƵģϰǰ˵ĻϰǲǵǷݷģ
Բ
Ŷ
ǻСſյԷأ
Ϊһжˣ
˾Ȼûһ

ǲʵ
Ů˯˲ʧʼν⡣
һ뵽취ģ
ûһԵģ


46 
˵Ůץʱ̿ȸĦ˹
ⲻ֪, ԷʱҲһġ
뵽ĵһ취ϵʯҶ, ҪСϵʽ, ʯҶǸСϰ˵һҲԣȻ󡭡
ʯҶûأ

ʯҶȻ˯ˣ
, ʯҶ·ˣǻбİ취, ڰٶһС, ûʲôϵʽ, ûС
Ϊѵõ
Ų֡
Сʵģ
ǻǵش˵ͼȻҵСѧ, СѧĵַԱߣ¹ԭҰӻı־
Ȼ󡭡
淢˵绰룡
õ绰һ΢š
ʾĽûڣ
ӦǶԷ˽ֹֻ΢źŵĹ, Ůצˡ
ǶôŬ˾Ȼôһ
ûϵ, £ֻˡ
ǻҪϷ˲ˣ
ǣڶ, ¹ԭҰҵӻſ, Ů
ǵ̫, ¹ԭҰû緹, ˯Ůţûõ¹ԭҰ¹ùˡ
¹ڳ緹ء
緹һⷹţ滹һ̦
, ŷžȥˣ⼸ʶѽ
Էġ
ʲô𣿡¹һ˵һ߿һڷš
׷㹽һɵģ˵㹽׷һ𣬰ڴ̵ĺ̦м䣬¹ҧһС
ĿⲻǸС档
ܺóԵӰе
Ǹϰ𣿡
ϰ廹˯ʲôԺ˵ôһ׵İְ֣¹СС;ͱȿˡ
ϰ岻ڣֻϰӡ
֪вУԿɡ
ݺ跹ÿײͿ𣿡
û⣬ҵȻ͸Ұְ˵𣿡ûеĻ¹׾ҪȥԷˡ
Ӧûеģ˵Ůʹؼһ䣬Ǹķ𣿡
Լġ⻰ʵҲû˵
¹ԭҰһ㹽ĩһЩŴףǴԴģǵڶ첻ȥԾʱĳ㹽ⷹš
㹽ĩ˳һ£˸ͣŴ׻һɷţȻϲ˾ˡ
׼¹ԭҰģŲ裬ȷʵ¹ԼŪġ
ΪеС¹ķе㣬ое㲻㣬ϵţġ
ôһţ¹һֻСֶסҪֻһſԡ
Ȼ˼Լġ
𣿡ȻѾԹ緹ˣ컹ûа
ҪĻҪ
գԳһ¹ܻȥһСӣ¹ԼСţӳɰǳԲ
һ¹׸ղųԵǸţٿǰСС跹š
е̫˰
׳ʲô޵ġ
Ůл¹֮󣬴һ¹ڴؿǣó𣿡
̦׷ĳִ࣬ڷĺ̦ģССһ׷̦ɺܺڵĴСһھͿ̵
棬Ŵף㹽ĩζܺõںһһٵĿſþʮŷ֣
Ψһһֿڷ
ôСķ˭أ

óԣ
Ϊõ˶ƷŮĵģǿĵģķˣҲ֪ʲô
˵ǽ췢ʲôأôģοΣܴһ֮΢Ц
˿üƤҪˡ
òаɣ
֪СѧԱߵС𣿡ôôϤ
ˣ
ⲻǰô
֪ҲС𣿡СǱаȥģʳ֮ģҲһЩʳ
ǹض̶ֻ֮ġ
໹ȫģҪ͵ĻҲԳԱ
رȣԹضʲôģеܲˣλͬѧһֱС򵰸ԡ
һǮңƿ̻֮ģĿң;ſǮ͸㶨ˡ
ǮȥЩʳ֮ġ
ôԣҲţǿӪѡ
ô֪ܲǰʱ䲻ˣ˵Сѧ͵ǸŮôһ˵϶ˡ
ѧѧ󲿷ֶСѧֱģ϶Сѧע
ǸͼƬʱ򣬿ɰλͬѧƻˣ
ôʲô¶Ǳҵ֮أ
Ǳҵ֮ϾͿʼѧ¥װޣҵһ֮ʼװ²ٳڻʳøĸ
һҲ̫ù˰ɣ
ʲô鶼ûиϡ
ǲСѧķ֮λͬѧûٹעˡ
ҲԲţʲô
ôܻԲţҺͳԵˣҸ˵Ǳߵĺ跹óԣʮǮһݣˣҪȥ㳡ĺ꣬һģһĶɾͲ۸˰
Ҿñȹ㳡ǼҺҪóԶˡˣٻ㲻ˣ
ģŮ˵ģͬѧҲеĶˡ
ʮǮһݣƽʱԸ緹ҲҪǮˣȥԺ跹ǵطһȥ
ڿμʱ˵ģҲûرһͬѧرҲĶˡ
һһĺ˵ôóԵĻԺҾԷˡ
ʯҶǽһͷˮȥҲԲţСǶƵģҪǰ˵һ¹Żǵķ˵ĻȥҲûеġ
ô֪һ䡣
ô֪ʯҶ󸡿ӣǵȻҲԷˣ
ǲһǮͽˣ㲻ǰ˵¹Ҳһݵġ˵跹ôó
ܲһº跹
ʵҲһɣ跹ӦòҪİɡŮ˵һԼǼʱ򣬶ÿײͣ跹ǿϰڳԵʱġ
ҾӦûɣǶҪһ㣬ȻӦ
ʯҶôһ˵籾ģǱŮһ˵л᣿
Χͬѧ񣬾ʹ˾衣
ⶼһľְ
һЩҪԾֵģɥʧ裬ͼװ˵Լ粻ˣ˰Ԥһ͡
˵ûͦôһ¡
жţͿѧҵмˡ
ʯҶŮʰͿ˳˳ȥҲû⣬ϾɥʬĻ棬ÿԷʱ򶼻ݡ
⻹ŵģŵʳŶӵʱһ񱼵˴ڣǲɥʬ
ɢŲع䵽СʯҶûȥͿмϤУӰ
߽һⲻһѧûӰͬͬѧ
ǲ˵粻Ե𣿡ôһĶ
ʯҶ˵ĹԼ̫ˣ
˵˵ҲţһʯҶһԼᡣ
ʯҶסĲʣˣ
ûһƣûϰ岻ŮŮһС
ôǰ˵

ǲ˵
һŮһ飬ҪȻȥһ
⻹ü
ü˵
ﲻӻ
Ͽ쿴ûз򰡣
Ѿлǵͬѧϰûзˣ
С
Ǳ׼ķУֱʺУҲС
¹ԭҰģǴɵģʳֱ̫࣬ʺиûбҪ
Լòϣֻܷڵˡ
ǻġ
ʺû̫࣬ͬѧѾѱʺˣϰ壬һһݺ跹ҽˣ
һȫ˻ݡ
˳Żʣû뵽еͬѧ
Ͳķ˲գ¹ԭҰҲûֱۣʺеһǧǮһģ¹ԭҰҲǮһǡ
һݺ跹һʮǮ


47 
˺跹ŷ, û򵽵Ҳ뿪ˣҲԤ˽ϵķ˵Ҫ跹
跹¹ԭҰÿҪĲ˲ͻ
ֻҪϴһЩ߲, һˮ, ¹ԭҰͶһʮһ˶˺跹
¹, Ҳݺ跹𣿡ʯҶžͺܲرǿ¹, һСƬҪĺ̦, סһС緹, һСŰצ㣬Ȼһͽ
ӳԵùĹĵ, ʯҶ͸ˣ
˺̦Ա߻һСҶ, һ㶼ڳԿʱԵ, ղſ跹ˣ
Ҳԣ
ģ¹磬ߺһ
˶ǲ˶ٵģ
ΪʲôоߵĺóԺܶ࣡
ʯҶǰڹ̨Ա, Χ۳Է, Ӧú߳ܵ, Ҳ밡
ڱԱߵǸϣҪĻ, Լȥðɡ¹ԭҰһ߳Էһ˵
ϳԵľǺ跹Ҳûг壬ԵĻҲȫûġ
¹ԭҰԴ
ߵĴõŴףŴը, ϲԴһ飬ϲһһ顣
Ȼ潽㹽ĩ򵥵رóԣ
¹ԭҰסУʱѧУʳûͣ¹ԭҰÿζܳ룬Ϻ׺ʹУƤϲĻҲԷŽȥ
ͺͶһҲֻԷں̿ڡ
ڵĴǼ˾ƣȻϺǣϲĻҲԻɰǣζҲޣľζźǵζһ㶼ˡ
¹ԭҰ߳Ե̿ڵģΪϲã˳ͳ㹽ĩȥر׳ۡ
ϲ֭˳Դʱţ̻⽵ʱҲţʱ򻹻רԣൽˡ
ǲǺܺڰ
ǳ֪ζжá
ʵԴһõ¹ԭҰֻһ
ʯҶʲôˣǰҲЩˡ
С㣬ཷһǳ߲˶
¹׵Ƿ߲˶Ѿ跹ˣ¹ԭҰһݣԼǷø¹ˡ
¹߲˶˫ݵġ
Ҫǲϲ߲˵Сѣ϶Ҫŭؿˡ
ΪʲôҪô߲ˣ
¹ϲԷСѣְֲԵ߲˶ˣ¹ײرģΪİ跹ˡ
߲˶Ҳܺó԰
ģģ¹׳ϲ
Сӣ¹˰Ƿ߲˶㲻ϲ߲˶С¹԰Ŷ
лˣԼͿˡ
¹ײʳĺϰߣžͲǴ¹ԭҰǱŴġ
Ծֻʣ°¡
ҲһʳĺúӰ
ۿŴǱ߲䲻ˣ¹׶֣ϲϲཷϲĻҿ԰㰡
ཷǺܶСеĴħҲܺཷ
ը˵ཷζûôˣ
ŵһԣʵϲϡ
Ҳܾ¹ףˣ˶ܾ¹ҲģԵسԼķ
¹ԭҰôʰְְ
ְҳ𣿡
һᰡЦ¹ԭҰһܺϸļҳأ
ཷ
ˡ
¹ԭҰཷͳԼԵȻʣཷ¹ףţְֵĶԡ
һ㣬¹ԭҰҲʳཷСͲᣬ˾͸Ӳᣬ֮԰ཷ¹׳ԣǶȭȭİ
ҪˣΪʲôҲһ¹׳ԣ
¹ԭҰǲУǸҪԵġ
e
Ҳȭȭİȡ
¹ûоԼ˰ְֲҪĶְ֪ҲϲԼཷཷóԣ
ȥסཷ¹СţһһڣһӾͳԵһཷ
ཷÿ˶һģҲ˵¹Լһ˾ͳ
ǺСѰ
ллְ֣ûоðְָԼཷӦõģ¹״صл
֪ˣԼԷ¹ԭҰһûжܡ
Ǽ¹׳Էʡĵġ
֮󣬵Ȼǳˮ쿴·һ󳵵Ϲ¹ԭҰҲһʱûгˣ͸ɴһ
ѾڱأȻóһóԣ
ֺ¹һŬسԷˣǵȻҪԴϣ


ʯҶ󼸺ǲʲôҵ¹ԭҰ˵װƿе֡
һֽֽ֣顣
һ֪˸ʣµģøƿװ¹Ҳ̫Ϣ˰ɡ
ʱѵûרŵĹʯҶĬĬ²ۡ
ȻûС
¹ԭҰԼģ䷽
ʲôУ¹ԭҰ˺ü֣ҵԼϲ䷽
ǼкུܶϣʲôѽɳĩУЩԼģЩͷġ
򵽵ĽϣʱǺܷԼθڣ¹ԭҰͻ¼Ӳϰһ飬Ľϲ¹׻ǰ𨣬ֻԼϲ
ʯҶõ֮һ̨ϴõ߲ˣʵѾʣˣǵʯҶʣµĶõԼˡ
Ķеأһ䣬ʯҶҲû˵ֱʯҶתſʯҶ̶һ߲˻ϵĺɫ
ԲۣʯҲ̫˰ɣ֪Ҳ˵ϽŲ߹ȥ
ʯҶҲţԼĲ̣˳㻹߲ûˣֻ跹ˡ
跹˿ǺҪģҪû˵Ļǻܽ跹
糣ظԼķϼһȻת
ͻȻӱǯסʯҶ
ϿĲ˼ߣʯҶŰ£ڼ߻ü
κᣬһ̣һÿ꣬ͰѷĲ˸ˡ
ԲԲۣǾȻô飡һ㰡ʯҶƴȻǰѲ
˵ĶҲ̫˰ɣĪΪ¹ԭҰӣ
¹ԭҰƿм̽һԴڸʲô
һ˲䣬˵ĶֹˣĸѾսһ𣬻ΪһŮİΧȦ˿ƣ˭뵽ĳֻ֣ΪһС߲
¹ԭҰ䵽ǵĿϣ滹һƶѿÿ˵涼ɢŰ跹õ߲ˡ
ҲҪ԰跹ǲе㲻ɣҪҪһ㣿¹ԭҰʡ
ĸ˲䵯Լλãɵúʲôûзһ
Ǿ鷳ˣ¹硣ʯҶ˵
¹ԭҰȥϴ˵㶹ѿ˵ƹϺܲŪ˵С̲ˣԼС
棬װģֵúҹ㡣
¹ԭҰһߣ˵ĿϾͿʼˡ
߲׼ù࣬ÿ˶ܹϣʯҶ¹׵ĳԷСڰõķһԡ

ó
ıȺĻҪóǼһֻС㣬ͺóԳһҶͺ̦Ļ
ŶŶŶŶ
Ǹжó԰
ʯҶ󼤶òֽгˡ
ҾҰұ飬ӢˡʯҶ󼤶سһڣҾ¹綼רſ跹ˡ
֣¹Ҫȥ跹ˣô죿ǺѵģȻ跹ζܺã㿴ǰཷ⣬С㡣
˵óԣ纫跹
вУС
跹óԣҲ԰ɣǲó
ͺܺˣˣһ㣬Ǻܾˡ
˵ܲ¹ݣҵﲻд
ϰСʱܽҵʣµʱһ㶼ǻſ˯һ
ѧУ滹׼һͷſ˯ģǾˣҲȲڴ˯
ο¹߻пյ¹ݵĻǾͺˡ
ΣʯҶһ˵ģʼĶ
ǿǿյ
˭ܾܾ
ǲС
Ҫ
ʿ¹磿ʯҶ̽Եʡ
ҾûȺͰ˵һ°ɡ˵


48 
ȷʵҪͼҳ˵һ
ΪǲԼ;ѧУݡ
ѧУҪѧİȫ, ûмҳĻѧҪѧУݵġ
Ǽȥ֮󣬾ͺԼļҳ˵һ¡
ҳǿһ, ȷʵС
ϾԼҲܲˣĴûпյķ, ô, ¹ԭҰǱߴյݵĻǵһѡ
Ǽҳ΢Ⱥһ¹ԭҰ顣
ʯҶļҳȺ, ¹ԭҰϴξͰʯҶļҳҲˡ
ϸ˵¹ԭҰС, ȷʵӵⷽĹܣСѧУܱ, ڼͥסլ, ΪѧṩϢѧϰĵط
Уйܷǳơ
¹ԭҰûôɡ
¹ԭҰô߼ҳģǼҳȰ, ֮ǰûô, ڿԿһµǵļ۸Ļ, ҲٲһǮġ
ʵ⻹治ǮǮ顣
¹ԭҰⷿӣǶģһĲ㣬໹󣬵Ƕ˴ɨҲ鷳
¹ԭҰֻʹһͶ, һǰΪ, ΪͲǺܿġ
ڶĺ¹ԭҰķ䣬ǰ¹׵ķ鷿, ˵鷿ʵҲŪӣдҵĵطԱŪ˸СܣЩ߰顣
¹ԭҰܾûзˡ
ĲĻ¹ԭҰû㶯ãŶǹŵģϹҲ˺ܶĻҰɡ
¥¥Ҳĸ󷿼䣬Ҫ¹ԭҰԸֵĻԷֳɰ˸ͨ䣬Ͳš
Ҳ¹ϧĵط
Сѧѧѧ
СسǷⲻߣһһҲˣ˸ǧˮѻ㡣
¹벻ͨ¹ԭҰΪʲô⡣
Ų
Ȼְ
ⲻԼҲס
¹ԭҰǲ̫ϲİ˽˿ռģԼҲסĻ¹ԭҰ϶ȥˡ
΢е㳶Զˣ»عݻ⡣
ҪݵĻ˯ĵص϶¥͵ŮҲضҪֿʵҲû⣬Ϊ乻ࡣ
ҳ˵ˣϣܹǱݵʱ򴵸յһ¡
¥ûпյ
пյĵطҲֻ¹ԭҰķ䣬һ¥Ҳ˵Ҫĸݣ¹ԭҰҪ¥װյ
֮⣬ûİ취
ѵ⼸ķ
ⲻܵİ̫ˣ¹ԭҰǲӦġ
¹ԭҰôͼλҳ˵ˣôֵɣǼλҳҲ¹ԭҰȥװյΪǵĺ԰ݡ
˵ǺܣѾʮ·ˣʱͻή£ҲûбҪװյ
ǼλҳûҪĵˣ¹ԭҰʰͰһ䳬ȥˡ
ôЩ죬׶ҪˣöһЩſԣ⼸ÿٷҪĵܶף϶򺫹跹ġ
ʳģ¹䶼вζҪĺϺܶ࣬ԸûҪ
ĻԼҲҲˡ
һȦУһʳס
ܾⲻһԳܹɳ顣
¹ԭҰĬһ£С¿Լذȥ
˵С¿ҲЦġ
гСѧ棬ڲгֱߴǧҵĵط¹ԭҰȥǳУ·еԶﳵͺܽ
ϴβǱץ
¹ԭҰͲҴˡ
ȥҪܶණС¿ȥԼôණǻģԾ˺ܾã¹ԭҰǾС¿ȥˡ
ðС¿ȥſڵģȻ·ȥģǰ𨲻ԸԼһȥ
̵Ա߸š
ȻѾʮ·ˣ̫ǺɹģС¿ֲװɡ¹ԭҰԼɡҲȵҪһպñ̫ɹˣ¶ȾͱλҪߡ
ûһӭ̫䰡
Ǵɰ׵ƤŶеˡ
¹ԭҰȹȥ磬ֲϣѵ綯ø¹ԭҰ¹ԭҰȥеţܿ͹ȥ
ɡҲ¹ԭҰġ
û취˸еİ취¹ԭҰҲŰˣһС¿ϣ̵һš
һأһɡɡ쵽С¿ϣѵ¿ϵǸҲסˡ
ȥʱʱҲ
ҵʱ¹ԭҰĲȫǺĶҲʰˣضڵϣȴ򿪿յøˬһˬɡ
ıҲˣƽʱ¹ԭҰҲҪˣ¹ԭҰԼĿǡ
߶ѧԽԽˡ
緹һѾˣ¹ԭҰҪڶſԣ⼸룬뻹Ǻܿɹ۵ġ
Ѿӻˡ
¹ԭҰ۲ЩѧУƣѧֻа༶ռ˺ܴһ֣ǳͳһѧҲӡ
¹ԭҰڿǣҪҪʱصӻ꣬ͬʱӪӻСеæˡ
СŸ𲽣֪ԺܼܲȥֱӰӻصое̫ðˡ
¹ԭҰû취
ǰ
Źʿ
Ǯô࣬¹ԭҰһʲôɣÿ´ǮҲһ߳йúܺˡ
οСسǡ
¹ԭҰֺйϽܱʩ
Ųϡ
ְҲŬ͡
ôǮ¹ԭҰ˹صӻ꣬Сصˡ
ôǮŬʲô
ȻǳԳԺȺ浱
¹ԭҰıˣ
Ƿ㲻ǵǮ𣿡¹ԭҰ˵翪ѧڽ֮˵𣿡
˵ĻСͽҰɣϾСҲǷΪҲſġ͹ƽʱһ㣬ԸСӪҵȥ
Ȼ㶼ô˵ˡ
¹ԭҰôȻǰæˡ
ӻͣɣ¹ԭҰˣЩ˾㣬ʱ¹滮һ¡
Ҫ뿪СݵĻ԰ѲǨƵ뿪ĻҲԸĳɿʲôġ
Ժ飬ӻĿ涼ûء
֮˵ɡ
ȵ֮¹ԭҰ֣ҪĸСݲӻҲĻ𨲻ϣô
˰ɣôһˣ贸ʲôӡ
ӻСѡһˡ
ֻҪз룬Ͳֱ
ôؾˣ
¹ԭҰؼ֮󣬾ͺͰ˵飬ҪԾĻ¹ԭҰ϶Ҫ˵һͨġ
¹ԭҰ˵ԼӻСļƻ¹ְֲΪԼ˸鳡
ܰ

˼Ҷǲǣ
һٷôҲˣ㻹˼Լϴ룿
˼Ƿİ
ĵطԣصظǮϴ룿ôôõȫ˰
¹ְ־ͰѻˣôСùŴ󼪡װ֣Ҳ˵¹ԭҰܸɵ
¹ԭҰߴߴģ¹ְֶôû˵ʲô
˵ѾԼϴˡ˻ĸˣﶩѧԴеģǵķж¹ԭҰæġ
һǮ¹ԭҰûǮ
ϴǮͷйװڶǸɾһУҪԼϴģѲɻ͹¹ԭҰϴ
˵¹ְ֣¹ͽˣһң
ǮҲ̫׬˰ɣ¹ʵʵˡ
ҲصӻİȻһ̫æˡȻǮ¹ԭҰԼıԽԽԶˡ
¹ְʣˣ
¹ԭҰش𣺡ţСĲеĻʱӻ¿Ҳûʲôϵ
Ҫһļҳ᲻ôһ׬Ǯĵ棬ܾͻȥæӻˣ¹ְֺ¹Ͳ
ǶѾˣʱˡ
ŮѾɼˣȥǵʲô
ǺǻԼģҪʵڲУٶ׾ˡ
ڣԼɡ
˼СڵģҲԸⳤǲһ
¹ְֺ¹軹Ǻܿͷ̫̫


49 
¹ԭҰû, ӻĽ׶Σͷ֣ԤԷͬѧÿվ
Ȼ, ⲻͳƳġ
¹ԭҰʯҶ󣺡Ǹен𣿡
ջ͸¹ԭҰ˵ǰͬѧҪԤ˷ݷ, ⻹ʯҶһˣʯҶһ, һġ
ͻΣҲͬѧ߷ݺݵĶ, , Ͷʮһݷˣ⻹ЩԼԤˡ
Ӧöǰͬѧһ, ԲŰǰæ˵һģģɶǳͬѧŰæġ
нʲôģȫûǻ¡
, ¹磬ϵܲҲһЩ, Ҳм˵ҪΪЩҪ, Щ˲ҪЩǿ˵ͳƣʯҶɴͲͳˡ
¡
, þ򲻵¡
ôôࡣ¹ԭҰ˵ĲǷ
󷹵ľͨĵ緹ҲֻͥԷ, ʯҶԤģЩԼģʮˡ
¹ԭҰʲôøˣҪܾãѧǳԷǵʱ䣬˼η
˰ɡ
¹ԭҰûʲôĵˣѾظԹеᷳˣ跹ûʲôжȥһˡ
跹ƳҲһ˰ɣкü˶ԣԣϳԣԣ¹ԭҰסǵˣѵͳԲ
ǳԲ壬¹ԭҰȴѾˡ
ͽʮ˵ĵˡ
¹ԭҰ⻰һʯҶϾͷˣʮˣ
Ǽ˼һͶʮˣʮҪô䣿
Ҫ˷ݣ¹Ҽһ¡ǵʯҶ󲻹ôţߵİ˷Ҫ˵ġ
ôԣ¹磬߸ҲҪġ
ΣҲ
ǿ˵ģ󵽲֪𣿡ԮʯҶ
¹綼ûǼǣ˵ʲô󵽣Ƕһ𵽵ġͻξĸ˲ôһ㳳ˡ
ʯҶ񣺡¹磬˵ʮҪ˭
˭ȶ͸˭¡¹ԭҰ˸Ƿ˵ʯҶһϾҪ¶Цݣ˼˵Ҫ
¹ԭҰ˵ԼʱֻܱԤ
ȻݵĶͳ棬ʡ˲ٹ򣬵СĿǰֻôݶûҪʡ
ʮݣ˭ʣôԼƽġ
ҲС֮ǰģǽҲǵһæԤûԤɹҲûʲô˵ġ
Ҷġ
ţĸҲˣʵԼ緹ȥˣ극֮ѧУͬѧ˵顣
ǿԣȻȥ˵һǿϵķʯҶ˵
һĻӦܸϵϰɡ
ûлشʯҶأͷ˿ʼˡ
һĸˣʮݷһӾһңһˣݡ
ʯҶ뷹û꣬ʮݷͱˣһҲûʣ¡
⻹лȥ˵ıҪ𣿡ʡ
û˻ش⣬ΪԶ׼ġ
˵ɣٵ֪ԭ򰡡ʯҶش
ʹӷģΪһȥͬѧ˵飬ͬѧܿһϵķ
ȻѾϲˣҲûҪŻȥ
Ĳ˺·أ
ղΪ˸ʱ䣬ʯҶ̻ʣһӳ˺ܶ࣬ʣµĲڶ뷹еѣʡŵ
ʯҶæͬѧԼҲڳԷء
ǷӦȽЩˣ¹ԭҰҵĺ跹ѾΧĹһˣǲ֪顣
֪֮ʯҶæһ¡
Էʱء
ǿɶ˵ˣǼС跹ĻҪԼеģǶѾ׼ˣ͵ϵĺ跹ء
Ƕ˵Ǽҵĺ跹ȹ㳡ĵ껹Ҫóԣ֪ļٵġ
ļٵĳ֮󲻾֪ˣһûȥ㳡ǼҵԹأǼ̫ˣ˾һ𲽡
Ŷ͵ڴǽͻص˽ңȻʹʯҶǱجġ
ûϣҪȥϵѾˣ
Ƿжˣ
ûϣ
˸˶е±ơ
ǰ˸˵Ϣ̫ˣͬѧľ϶˷ȥ÷ʱ˳㶩ϵķ
ΪѾķ⼸˾еиˡ
ȥС˸Ȼĥĥ䣬ŻλƵȥС
¹Ǳõ֮˳˵ԼҪϵ飬ǻû˵ôأһ϶֪ˡ
Ȼûϵġ
ڴûжɹǰ˸ˣǼ˻˵ģǳԵ˲
ҲΪԵˣǲ֪Сĺ跹жóԡ
Ҿˡ
ѧ֮ϳȥķ
մҶʯҶ˵ĻˣСǱÿξֻʮˣΪ˳Եóֱ˵ĺ跹ǵȻҪ
Ȼ
ϡ
Ǳˡ
ͺˡ
ΪʲôÿζҪҪʱأ
ѵʲô
һ߽ؿֱһ߳õʦô¿Σô¿Σ
òףڵȵʦ¿ˣ̯ҲʰӰ˲˽ҡ
ʦûӦ˺üˡ
ǣʯҶһۣ̲סңҺǱģòô
ʵҲνƵţ˷ġ
༶ʣµЩˣ϶ûˣ֪ҲţɴһôһȺУʯҶҲܳԵˣͺ˼ˡ
˵ǳԷǸСͲܶһ𣿡ͬѧڻ֪ʯҶǳԷǸС׽ʲô֡
ⲻҪ
ҪСܲܶһ㣿
ǵǰʱ򣬻û¶
С跹óֱ˵Ϣûм֪΢һ㣬Ҳܹȥ
ҲԵ˼κ跹
ҲһΪóԵĶһֱԵˡ
ŸҲŻȥһΣ뵽ûг壬ѾԲСĺ跹ˡ
һ¿ξ͹ȥҲһܸϵϣοǻˡ
̣
ˣ˼ҿ͵ģһԼʮһٶ˵ķôСͲأ
ҪֲĻԹ˰
ʵڲУȥڹѧ
ҲҪǮֻҪˡ
λͬѧ֪ģСɲֻк跹ʯҶÿ춼Բһġ
˵óԳ̶Ȳں跹
ﻰԡ
ܸ
λͬѧС¹粻ʶҲ˼ȥ¹˵ĻֻʯҶȥʿ
һͬѧϷ˶
ҲȥԷˡ
Ĵ˵
ʵȡ
ʯҶҲʹ¹ԭҰĻشʲôأ
æ
Ҳλͬѧ뵽һȥˣȻæĻǾ˲ͺ
˹æǲķոˣҲ׬Ǯ
Ȼ¹ԭҰһ仰ʯҶ͡
ǻһ
ǲǶ֪ζͲһ˰
˭֪ԺǻܵóԵķ
ʯҶòܡ
Ϊ˱סԼķˮƽʯҶҲû˵¹ԭҰ˰æˡ
ʵͣҲܺƺЩʲô֪ˣ¹ԭҰ˵ԭʵ
˰æҲðλû˰
ҪЩƵǵһġ
ֻϴв֮Ĺˣ¹ԭҰ⿣ʡܱסڵķˮƽ
źǺܺá
ɻҪʵۡ
СĹû̫󣬾ôѧΪ˽ʡϴв˵ĹרȥһԱȫԴ˷ѡ
˵Ļϴв˵ĹҪӶһ﹤ĳ̶ȣô⿵ĹҲӦӡ
ǲǺ
¹ԭҰܾ
ûСʳأ
ôԷô£


50 
㣡һҪϣܴӦң
¹ԭҰԤʵһʱ, ÿ춼кܶԤÿζͺܴ̼˰
ԽǳԲţԽ, ڣ
ôɱˣ
˳һ˵þǵȷС򺫹跹Ůеһ
ȷֵģô, ûһܳϵģ
˺ܷŭ˰
ڣͺܺ, ǵΪʲôҪ˵ȥ
ҪƵĻڿ϶ܳԵСÿײͻк跹˰ɣ
ûϵ
ûһɱûʹ
ֻҪʹɱ, ô
ÿײͺ跹ʲô, ܳԵˣ
ǣͳ˱¿ͷǾ仰
Ȼһҵ, ͷҲ̧һһʾü˵
˵֪ѧУԱиС𣿡
ȻһСѧʦСѧʦ, ѧУ֮ڵ飬, ˵ϼ, ѧУ顣
С֪
Ȼأ
ܰȥǱһݺ跹𣿡¶ĵЦݡ
跹С
ȻҲܲϵ
Ȼĺʣö㷢ûСõ跹Ժ跹ֱ˵, 첻УĩԴȥһκ
˭˵ҪȥԺ˵ȥСѧԱߵǼС򺫹跹, ǼҺ跹ܺóԵģȺĻҪóԡԹСĺ跹֮ѾϺĺ跹ˡ
˵ô棬ڿЦӣȻǿСĵַң¿֮ȥ򡣡
ֱȥ򲻵ģǼСԤƵģҸϰ˵һˣԼȥԡ
ʲôСô໨Ȼһ˵Сֺ˵һ¡
ͻȻԼڻǲ֪С֣ûйϵ֪طѧУԱǼСϰСѧǸ
СѧС¹һң㻹ҴĻ
òһ䣬Ǹϰ¹֪𣿡һˣҪˡ
СѧСϰ¹ϢֱȻĿꡣ
ﲻСôСˣ
ô֪ס˰Һϰ˵һˡ
֪֪ˣ
ӦʹѾɹˡ
СѧʦλþͺԽȻ пεģһ꼶ʦ
ѧʱ䱾ͱҪ硣
϶ܶϣ
ֻҪ㲻Ҵطôһ룬̲סֶ㣬ǧҪǵð
ҹͻȻŽȻֻŵˣϲ޳֪ȥ˯컹ϲϿˣ
ϣȻҪϵģԲعȥ˯ˡ
ȻҲҪ˯ˣΪһ꼶ʦôңÿ϶Ҫһ βҲҪȥѧУ
ǰһ꼶Ϳˣ꼶ǿʼӢΣӴԺͲĵĽɽˣ
Ȼÿڶм첻

ڶΣȻΪһڿεʦҪ֯һ꼶СŶӳУţŸźöӣֻͻȻˡ
ͳһȻǸӣ
ǼһˣȻ֪ʲôʱֻŪ˸ѡ
֪֪ˣģ
ȻһӣѧѧУ֮󣬾ȥС
С𣿡
¹ϰ˲ϣ˯ÿˮҪˣȻûгǰشˡ
ǵģʲô¡
ûʲôֿܹȻǸճУûõʦֿˡ
˵Ԥ跹Ԥݡ
ö˵ʱȻͺܺˣҪˣΪʲôԼһأ
˼ÿֻܶһݡ˵꣬¹ԭҰϵСӻȥˣѱӸ˻ȥ
⡭ǾȶһݰɡʱǸɫݺݵش̼һ£Ȼʲôûˡ
ִչϾôǳ
õģѧУ༶ֵǼһ¡ⱾҲûеģֻǺֹûԤϵ˻ѳԼԤˣΪ˱ŽеǼǵġ
ѧá
ѧʱԼϷþͺˡ
ǮҪȸ𣿡ȻͳֻѾɨ˹ڹ̨ԱߵĶά룬ǮҲˡ
ش𣺡ڲҪϳԷʱͿˡ
𨽻úȻûʲôˣԤ֮Ȼˣ֮¹ԭҰԺ۾˲ǵĿˮ
˯ˣ
ѹ¹ԭҰе±ơ
һʱرȱһ˯žѲһһ뻹ֻһ˯ˡ
ղž
¹ԭҰ˯ˣֻԶƵûǰֻߣصźõġ
¹ԭҰüͷһ壬ое㲻ԡ
ǲʱ̫ˣ¹ԭҰǰҲ־һʱȥڹѧ۵һϴ˯
˯˺üСʱûãڶϿεʱ򣬻ڿ˯С
֪¹ԭҰ˯Ǵİ
¹ԭҰгɣӦҲƵ
ʮ˵ķǺۣ鿼Ǽٹˡ
߻ûȷԭ¹ԭҰǱ߾ѾʼǣҪټ˵ķأ
׬ǮȻҪϰҲǺҪ
Ϊ׬Ǯ塣
Լˡ
𨵣ĵ˹Ұ㿴
¹ԭҰҲ֪𨿴ʲôͻȻЦˣˣǵĶ̥ˡ
¹ԭҰ
˵ʲô̥
ʵ룬¹ԭҰͰŬ̶ȣ̥ҪǻĻҲ˵ȥ
¹ԭҰǶ̥̥˵ʵԶ̥ûִ̫˵ĻǾ¡
һ㣬ζ̥òС¹ʱһɡ¹ԭҰһҲ̶á
ʧ䲻֪¹ԭҰԺȣȵӦʱ򣬲ŷԼһӡ
ζ̥òҲɴӰɣ
𰡣
¹ԭҰҪʱͰһ飬϶ᱻ˵ţġ
򵥵ˡ
ģڲġʵϣ¹ԭҰһγô֣ΪҪһЩΪ𨲻ڣֻͨʳȡ
ҪĳһЩˣʣµЩӪ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰųôֵġ
ΰڣûϵˡ
ֻҪͰһ飬̥ܴӰֶò¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰ˵ͷʾס
˴Ŷ̥ܹͣʱСɡ¹ԭҰղŻֻǿǼģû뵽ֵ𨣬һſھǹš
¹ԭҰ
㻹ǵǮ𣿡
𨵱Ȼǵã˵Ҫ
ҾʵͶӰҵġ֮⣬¹ԭҰûʲôرҪ
ͳԳԺȺ˯˯档
Ҫˡ
¹ԭҰʼ˼ʲô
ûС
ʵ¹ԭҰҲųˣصְ
һܺãǳһͺѹˡ
ʵ˶ǱҪġ
¹ԭҰܾ˰ĹŽ飬Ӫҵûжʮݵм룬ɰ𨻹ǵ¹ԭҰ̫ۣļ񶼳еȥˡ
¹һؼңϢ
ڶ̥ʵûʲô
ûʲôڴҲų⡣
ǼȻˣܲСҪ󣬡ְҿҪ𣿡
ΪʲôҪãܵܲ
ѾСڵܵˣûãԸ𣿡¹׸ŰʲôûеĶƤʡ

ɡ
¹ԭҰʾҪľ
ǵܵŶȻûеһʱ䷢ֶ̥ˣǰտˣ¹ԭҰģһͷС¹
Ҳǰɫġ
ԺӦҲ᳤һƯĴǡ
ﻹеСأϲĴˡ
ÿΡʱ򣬶סͷϵǸСġ
Ȼж̥ˣǰ¹׵İܵκӰ죬ְֺ͵ܵܰŶ


51 
ѧʱ, ࡣ
ã㻹ûʰǺòûãҪҪȥСõͬжһʰˡ
֣ʵԾ, ȥ, þ, ҽѾСһ, Ҳż
ͬĿ¶ã㲻Ԥ𣿡
ͣһ¡
Ŷ
ˣ
ǿߣְҵһ, ʲô, קͬҪ񱼣ҲǶôĿ񱼡
þȻˣ
ͬݣ
ϰİ༶֣һͳԼķС
ȵȣ
ҷأ
Ŷ
ղ̫ܵˣ
ᣬû취, ֻһ˻ȥ÷Уػص, ˷·ϵʱаСʱֻʣ°СʱԷʱ䡣
ѵõ
ܵģѷڰ棬͵ɽ, ȻȽͬѧλһá
ǸλǾѵķˮأӶס˽Һ, һ, ෽ͺȫػסˣֻʣǰ档
ֻҪ΢ŵ㣬ʱע۲, ô
ܹĺ跹
һ뵽Ҳܳþ̲ס͵ˡ
ԺͰԤ°ˣþԼȥҲûйϵھܱ֤ÿһ١
Ȼô
ܵġ
÷ѧؼҵʱصȥ˸С¸׽㣬Ϊ˽׽СԤΪѾǰ϶ˡ
Ȼܾˡ
㲻˵Ǽҵĺ跹ȺĻҪóҲԡȻһԼĿαûΣȫ硣
ȥԤ֮֮ȥã˸պÿԻؼҳԷ
ǳİš
ɵˣȷʵǷǳİûдˣ棬ûʲô°
û뵽ԼȻԼһ֣
ֻҪϿΣʱǺɵģҪĻʮضһݣУ
취֣ɱҡ档
ôţ˱Ҫ¸ȻС⣬ߣˣҪʲôС⣡
Լųԣ
ôɱֵİ취ûû뵽¹ԭҰͰˡ
ڶȻȥСʱ򣬲ǰӴˣ¹ԭҰûǸ˧磬Ȼеʧġ
ãԤһݺ跹
༶֡ӦѧУģǻԤģѧģ¹ԭҰԼʡȥѧУ֡
ǸѧģԼֱֿ𣿡Ȼû̫ࡣ
¹ԭҰ˼רѧСӴѧ֮Ĺ˿͡ʵӲҪӴҲԡ
˭أ
ǰɣ¹ԭҰҲ΢һĵģÿ쿴ôѧûһдġ
˵˭¹ԭҰѧ
ȻʲôСֱӸв͹ݺˡ
ƣйǽ壬ôҲǽܹģôô䣿
ѧ
þǰ
ѧáǸã־ʱһ°ɡ
¹ԭҰɵؿȻǽܹһ༶ʮһ꼶ˣôǣҰöһݣ֮ǰӦﶩİɡ
ȻУ¹ԭҰϾһݽԤогá
аȣ¹ԭҰͰǼһ£Ȼ󡭡
ۼȻԱҳö֣ߵǡ
¹ԭҰش𣺡Ԥѧ
Ŷ
Ȼѧʱ򣬾ͿУſڵȻһŵ΢ЦȻ˵ðȥԷˡ
ʮ׽㶷Ƕµľ˿̷˾
ôģ
ûУ
ѺȥСȻ׽ע£ӹ¹绹ķУȻ鷢չҲûʲôˡ
ͣ׶Ľһ룡
׽ó棬þǿԭɡ
ԵöӹԲ˺ܶˮشűãȻ˵ˣԤϵĺ跹ǸеȻϴɾ˸һ°ȡ
ǲ˼ܾġ
᲻е̫ˣ
ֽһ¾ˣнһҲûϵ㻹ҪԼϴɾ͸㣬̫˰ɣ
Ȼ΢Цذ˵õǰһ£Ťͷ
аȣ֪ˡһ³ٶҲܹ
ô
Щֲһ˳ԵģȻԼҲô࣡
ֹЩʲô֮Խy׾ôˡ

ΪûгӻʣƷԽԽˣʣһЩ¹ԭҰʹŸ¹á
ȻƷˣǻܰҲûʲôã¹ԭҰ
ҪȻŵǽҲԡ
ԼģֲŸոշӣʹʧɫ˹͸̫̫һ¹ԭҰʵϡ
ʲôģɾͺˡѵãϳɫ
һض¹ԭҰܸΣյ飬һ߻һˮ¹ԭҰĻİ𨣬ôܽ¹ԭҰµ
Цôһ°𨣬¹ԭҰͰĵˡ
ѧؼ¹׿Ǳ߰ӣļ䲻ְǼҲӻ𣿡
ԺҲĽӻҵС
ֻ΢һǸ棬¹׾ͱ˵ᶼҪˡ
¹һѧҲһǡ
¹ʲôһһ۵Сóأְ֣ѾСѧˣСˣңǼǲƲˣ
ҪС¹
С¹ԹԼ㻨Ǯ
¹ԭҰһѲҭԼԼûôˡ
ӹݹˮһڣǿ˳ȥ¹ԭҰοһ°𨣬ʾԼû¡
С¹ģǼʲôʱҪƲˣ
Ҷô˵¹ԼҲôãҪȻΪʲôúõӻ겻ˡ
ǼûƲһ˸Ժ㲻ӻҵССҵС¹ԭҰһֲһ䣬ô뵱ӻҵСĻǰְҲǲܿһµġ
С˾Ϳǡ
¹¹ԭҰĻԼ˼һ£ǼҲûƲ
ȻûƲĻ¹Ҳܷˣٵİְ˵ܵԺˡ
صƵ˰ͰСС¹һкȥдҵ
һԵ־ͺĽˡ
ǰǸķڵʱ˵˵֮ܵ󣬾ͲٶֺˣҲֱӵֶԵܵõų⡣
ǿ¹ףͻȻҲиܻܵˡ
С¹һҵ裬ôſܵø𣿡ֲգܵöԣܵöһĻǾ͸
һûء
¹һдҵҪרģȻְֻҵġ¹͵͵۲һ¹ԭҰְֱ۾û
͵͵ض˵ȻдҵҰһ衣
Ҳ͵͵ض˵ллС¹
ǵûдԷڶûи¹ࡣ
еܵܵĲǰְ֡
¹ÿ춼ҪԵܴܵкʵܸܵû
С˵©죬¹ԭҰܲ¹׵ģͲ¹ףڸĸǱҪҪ̹ס
ʵ˵¹ԭҰھᡣ
˵Ըš
ѡбס
õĵطǶ̥֮ǰ¹ԭҰõʲôͰȤҪı赱иԴ¹ԭҰԼҪ衣
ĵطҲԣ˶ãȵ̥һͻ¶ڡ
ʱ¹ԭҰ϶Ҫһٴ
¹ԭҰ˽⣬ٷ֮ʮ費ʣµİٷ֮ʮס
Ҳ˵ٷְٲᰤ
һ㣬ǻҪԥ
Ȼˣ
¹ԭҰôˣ˰¹ף˾Բ˵©졣
¹ԭҰû뵽
¶ˡ


52 
¹ԭҰһ˯˴ѹ, ƽʱУԸûκ˵Ļɡ
һ˯ø緹緹֮Ͼ̱ɳϳˮֻ¹ԭҰûκ˵Ļ, Ϊ, ׽¹ҲһģһĵС
ˮԶ֮, ǻ, ɳѵᱳʹ¹ԭҰȥ泬ʳζ
ҡҡλγȥ, ҡҡλλ, ¹ԭҰһʳʱ¹趢˰죬ͻȻ˸ﱩô£·ôĸһ
¹ԭҰ
ĵ²۱һʱ֮䲻֪˵һá
ݴʻǾ
ĸˣ
¹, Ҳ֣ѵסֻŲ, ¹·ĸҶûע⵽ҿ
ʲôߣҲŲߡ¹ԭҰΪ·Ʒǳƽʱô·ġ
ĸܣ
˵, ¹ԭҰһƨɳϡ
¹һ, ĸ¹˵һģһ, ̲סЦ¹ԭҰ¹ԭҰô£·ľ͸ĸһģһ
˵̬֮ᶨ¹ԭҰҲ̲סʼˣĬĬվ, Ҳ֪ĸܵ¹¹ʾ
žԼߵԽԽĸˡ
һҡһڣͺʱܶ¸һе
ǰİ
¹ԭҰһƨɳϣվ·ˡ
˵¹㹻˰Цҷ˰¹ԭҰ߳ŭ˵
¹Ͳ˵ģ㷭£
ۿҪˣ¹ȴһֱûв廰۾¹ԭҰʲôһ
Ȼ˸ᣬ¹¹ԭҰקһߣǲʲôԾ
Ծǿ̫Ծˣ
¹ԭҰģϾͿһ£ɵҲһЩߡ
¹һͿˣ˲²⣬û̫ĵģʵң׷ʲôˡ
ûǲ̫ˣܽʲô¶ûз¹ԭҰѲݸ塣
Ǻģ·ĸ
Ҫñ֪ˣ¹ԭҰҪҪˣ
Уʰ𨣬ûа취
֪㽡һԵñġ¹⻰¹ԭҰһ¡

Ϊʲôݶӵıôħģ
˵С¹¹Լ¹һټߴð˴ʲôģ¹Ͷˡ
¹ԭҰ·ƣ͸еŮ˲ࡣ
˵¹ԭҰ¹ǲӦ뵽ȥģǼܲס¹ԭҰͬѰڼ֮ǰиС¹
¹㲻Ǳ룬ҲѰ
ʵҳˣͰǲж̥ˣ¹ѾƲòʮˣͲ¹ԭҰԼϡ
¹ԭҰ봹ѹ˦ģǽϵ
¹˲ʹ¹ԭҰĻԣҶ¹ԭҰͨ뺡
аȣ¹ԭҰʵ֮⣬ܸʲô
ǣôģǲһֱΪС¹ǰ𣿡¹ԭҰô˵İ
ûеǻᷢడ
ǡ¹ЦһôֵģӦôҪôֽ
¹Լ³ģڱ¹ԭҰ֮ǰľѾ׼¹ְûа
һ£ĵȵ϶ˣŸ˵Լɣﻹһֱ۴ֵľء¹ζؿ¹ԭҰ
һ˵Ǹľ¹ԭҰ
飬¹ԭҰҪôԼϰ
Լһ£ͻȻȥҰ˵һˣҰֻǸʲôӦ
¹΢һ£ͳĬˣǻ̫Ͳֱˣ˵¹ְ֣¹裬¹ԭҰ˵ôҪĻҲеġ
ϾҲ˶ʮĶӣͻȻһߵ˵ˣ
һǺô֪ж̥˰ɡ
û⡣¹ԭҰԼ˼˵Ǿ¹˵¡
¹©˿ڷ磬˳µ˵
¹ǿͬ¹ԭҰļƻȻĸͰص¹˵©졣
Ȼ
ȥˣΪ©øɸһ¹ףһֶû˵
鷢չûаҪôһ
¹ԭҰƹˤˣͷȻֱ˸֪ʱܻ֪ġ
Ȼ˼ң¹ܵܣԼһֱ˺ͰְֵԼǺ˵Ҳһֱû˵Ŷ
Сڵ֪ܵܶҪеܵܵ顣
ְ˵ǲǺܰ¹һڴʡ
ˡ
ҿɲԳȥˣ
ȥȥɡ
õ¹һӾܳȥˣھֻʣ¹ԭҰͰˣ¹ԭҰźͰķա
¹ԭҰյģ̹ף·ư
Դӱ¹֮¹ԭҰһֱĹ۲죬󲻵òϣ·ķ˱仯
ʶظı·ƣʼȷʵеЧ·Ƶȷǲĸˣǡ
Ҳˣر֡
Ŭûн¹ԭҰòȻչһ֮¹ԭҰҵط֣·Ʊԭ
ж̥֮ǰԭĸԭ
Ŭ·ȣĸ·Ȼ΢Щͬ˵ķΧ֮ڡ
Ƚϣ¹ԭҰȻΪ˸еˡ
˵ܲܰұȥ¹ԭҰڴʣСͺ¹׵һģһ
¹ֵܹ飬𨵱ȻˣָֻıǱȻģҪָĻֻҪ¶̥Ϳˡ
֪¹ԭҰ΢һ
һ뵽Ҫάʮ¡
¹ԭҰ;üѰ
˵¹ԭҰڰĶϡ
кܶкܶ಻飬ڣûа취¹ԭҰһ
˳¹ԭҰı𨰲οԵĻ𨵱Ȼǲ¹ԭҰеġ
һ£ֻҪһ¾ͺˣȶ̥ǾͲ˺𣿡
¹ԭҰһʮˣҪȻʮܳǵ¹׵ʱ򣬲Ҳôˣ
˵¹׵ʱôģ
ǸʱӦҲŶԣ
¹ԭҰһ¡
Ϊؾҹעȥˣȫû뵽·ƣһ·е㲻ԣҲֱ仯ԭ鹦ؾ
˵һָľ¹衣
˳һᣬΪ¹ԭҰе飬¹ҲǸʱ飬һ뵽ԼˣɾΪû뵽˻ܴ̣ǰʵˡ
ʱΪԼأʵ֤Ĺһ㶼û
ôһ룬¹軹еСԺء
¹ԭҰڴ˺ܾõĵﱲ¹ʵһֱ¹һ¹Ǽһǲ
˵ˣ¹ǸƢ
ںˣ¹ԭҰ¹ӵԸ¹ڴϾ˯ˣһѰ˼Ŵ˭˼ȥЩؼȥ¹ԭҰӡ
¹費֪˻ʲôһŮ˻жôˣأ
ʼҪҪᵽ¹ԭҰǱȥչˡ
¹񻳽īʱ¹Ҳģղᵽ¹ס¹Ȱ˰죬Ű¹Ȱ
¹軹ͷشȥ¹ȵٲǸ£¹ͳס¹ңһֱ¹ӲŻؼҡ
ôԴ¹¹ҲôԴ¹ԭҰġ
¹̬ȿ˵̫ˣ¹ԭҰûûֵģֲҪͻȻô౾ؼ˵Ҫ͹ȥ¹ְģԭҰͰˣ
¹ûа쵽飬¹쵽ˣ֮ǰ¹ԭҰ˵õģ¹û˵е¹ԭҰֻ˵ж̥ˡ
ж̥ð
¹ְһˣֵܽһѣһֵģ¹ԭҰһͿʼ˼ƻ¹ԭҰ⻳ϵģǻһʵķ
Ǹʱڣҷˡ
¹ְָ˵ؿһƿƣ̫ˣ򼦵ֻصĸ͹ȥǸһ㡣


53 
¹ԭҰ, һֱ˵
ǼС㣬дբзǿ, ˵˵, ĺܲ
¹͹ĸ, Ҳ¹ԭҰģķ¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰǿԽܵ, ǰɣΪ˶̥, ζ˱仯Էûθڣ߰ĶǺȤ
ǲģ͸ûȤˡ
ûϵ¹跴˵ġ
¹ԭҰ, ¹Ű˳, ˺ܳʱ䣬Ǵӳʱ, ˳һ
Сһɰɰ¹ԭҰûе, Ҳ֪¹ġ
¹ı飬ȫܹó¹⡣
Ƕ, Ƕڰ, ¹趼⡣
ڵɰ, ƿӣӡζƮ˳, ĸҵģζô
ŵζ¹ԭҰϴ˸á
ʵճըһСˮȥһ󱭵ˮθһռ䶼ûˡ
ѾԱˣٳ԰ɡ˵ô˵ǵȻ¹ԭҰĻ
Լ֪
¹Ҳ齻𨣬ǧҪ¹ԭҰȵ뿪
֣صص˵ͷһ÷˰ȥģȵ¹֮󣬰ҲߣѼһ߱¡
¹ԭҰ֪ͷ˾裬ˢֻĻеڳԶҲ̲סʲô
ǣ־̲ס쵽ԱߵĹ̡
һЩ֮Ķ
ֻûץأʣ𣿡
û
˾͸˵ҸŪ
𨶼ô˵ˣ¹ԭҰôأ
ֲô
źܺڰĸоζʵԣ¹Ĳ˺棬нıȻƮһͣǰϸĵذ͸Ʋˣ塣
¹׿Űְȣ̲ס۲ˣСӶͲʱ۾Ҳ
ְڳʲô¹׵⼢ʡ
¹ԭҰһҲԲ꣬¹ҪԵĻܷһ룬ûԹȳζ
¹һСӣװֲֵҪ壬ȻûгԹˡ
ʹӰְǱ߲һģűữ˵ζļ¹׷ǳõؽˡ
ֳһ鼦⣬Ŀڸûз仯͹вͬζȻеİ¹׻ǽˡ
ܺã¹ԭҰϾͷһ
ҲΪͷӵĶһЩѰĲϣСӳһЩҲûʲôϵҪǷʲôҩĻ¹ԭҰҲҸ¹׳ԡ
ǣԸ͵͵شyף¹׿ʼ¹ԭҰһС
Ȼ¹׽Щ¹ԭҰһͲʲôҲʤްɡ
¹ԭҰɰȡ
ôһ룬Ҫȵʲôʱȥ
¹׺¹ԭҰyף𨵽ûвأ
ǵȻˡ
ֻûѣңʵ¹ԭҰÿŰ¹ЩʳǳֻҪסڵ״̬ͺˣҪ
𨿴¹ԭҰôΪѵӣҲģ˲ϲĻͱ˰ɡ
ģ¹ԭҰϲ
ͷ˵ġ
ʣµҲ˷ѣ¹ԭҰԼǼּ֣ɡ
¹ԭҰںأͻȻĸˣ¹ԭҰҵš
˵¹ԭҰûпӻˣΪСԷʱ䣬¹ԭҰҵĴŻǴ򿪵ġ
ĸΪ¹ԭҰע
ãǹֵ̾ģ˾ٱΥӪС˿żɽ˵ԼĿģܽȥһ𣿡
ֻſڿʲô
˾ٱΥӪС
Цİɡ
ٱһûнĳ
¹ԭҰôһӪҵִվ͹ڳǽأˣһûӪҵִգӪҵִգͲɾٱ¹ԭҰ
ٱ¹ԭҰϸҲȾٱð
¹ԭҰһ㶼˵ģ빤ֵ̾ĹԱˡ
߻ִʱϣҪṩ𣿡¹ԭҰرϡ
ôȫٱɲֵ̾ûоܿ뿪ˣ˵ٱ¹ԭҰûʲô˺ǵȷһ㣬ٱǸ˶⡣
¹ԭҰǱȽլһˣٺͽַھӴ򽻵Ϊ˱鷳Ҳͽַͻ
ô˭ٱأ
ʵҲܺò¡
¹ԭҰСôĳ¹ԭҰûǵǮֻ¹ԭҰԼ֪ɱ˲֪
ôĳҿ϶Ϊ¹ԭҰ׬˺ܶࡣ
ͻһЩۺˣ¹ԭҰٱˣǿ϶ҲԼɷǳ塣
¹ԭҰСΥӪģû֤æٱǺϷֺģֻʹһȨٱ¹ԭҰΪѧǺá
Ϊ˱ǳһЩĶڶĹģžٱġ
¹ԭҰҲܲµ˭ٱкܴͬС
Ϊǲô塱ģǿˣæ120нٷˣæ110ǿ·ߵС̯֪ΥӪҲǲǹܵ绰ٱǵġ
ΪûͻҺǵĵû㣵ĵط
¹ԭҰСȻûΥµĵطٱֻʣ棬С¹Сܹ棬ҲֻʣͬСЩ˰ɡ
¹ԭҰ֪Сѧ˿Сģ˭΢һϢͲˡ
Ͼͽַھӵ̫̫ྣϢͺܱ
֪˭ٱҲû֤ݣ¹ԭҰѵôˣ
ʵҲġ
Ͼ۲ˣԽãԽۺ죬Խܡ
¹ԭҰֻҪСӪúģǸٱԼҪԼŻѪ
¹ԭҰѵòһ㱨ģҪ㷭Ŭһ£СӪãǸٱˡ
Ŭ֮ǰ̥Ͱȥˡ
ʵҲ˵Ǳɡ
Ӧ˵Ƕⷴɡ
Ҳʱ䣬¹ԭҰ˵СѧԱһСȡˣΪ֤Ӫ
ǰǰ鷢ô¹ԭҰѲйϵ¹ԭҰΪǼСӦǺһıٱߡ
ֻǼСԼûӪҵִգԾͱٱɹˡ
˵鲻ġ
ǼСǾٱǵˡο¹ԭҰĶƤȻڻСǶ̥Ѿְ֪˰
ǵðԭ
¹
Թ¹˵Ϊɽֵ֮õ̥ƺҲŴһ㡣
ˣ˶ٱ¹ԭҰʱ򣬶̥ܰѶⷴȥǸҲͬٱٱɹ
ʵֹǶ̥¹ҲŴһЩ¹ԭҰеǸ󽱣Ϊ¹¹ԭҰĶ棬ҲѼָ
Ҫô¹ԭҰƱһΣȻ˴ء
¹ԭҰĿɹû뵽ԼﾹȻ
찡
¹ԭҰ̲סס𨣬ĥĥ䣬ͼӰ϶һЩ
㲻˵һû˫ʮһÿպĵһ죬ϿҲ䣬һ
Ȼˣ˫ʮһ֮⣬չﳵè֮Ľ
¹ԭҰʲôԣи󽱰ɣ
ϵ¹ԭҰ˴֣һºȻ󡭡
ë塣

˵̫ˣ𶼾Ȳ
¹ԭҰܾʵʣһëë
¹ԭҰоԼĸܵƭ飬ҲһҪǺ˲䲻Ļˡ
ëһĿëһʮһëġ
ֶǺûдˣǺеĴ󽱻ǴںܴĲ𰡣
еĺˣѾͷ˵˰ɡô˵
Ӵô˵
¹ԭҰƲסԼЦ
¹ףһ£ȫҽӽС¹ְ𣿡ΪʲôЦô֡
¹׾ͺܵˣΪڽܹ趾Сѧ¹ŷḻľ飬̸ֻ˵


54 
̸˵ССԴð˴ʺš
ȥʱ, ֿ߽ˣϸ˵غһ裡
𣿡ֵͷȻ¹ԭҰ˵, Щ鷳չ, С¹ְ֡
, ¹ԭҰϾͻָٶ֮, ̲ס˻¹ԭҰרȥ޹ûе, ܹԣô°𣿡
ƽʱ趼ʱֵģڲһ㣬Ƿѧûãˡ
, ǴȥԱķ̵, ˳Ļķϰˡش
˼¹ԭҰ, ûĻִӽϿʼ, ͲСԷˡ
֣С¹ְֵлûаһµǮĽ, 軹ͦл¹ԭҰġ
Ͼֻǽ˳ԷǮ, ¹ԭҰտ֡
ֺ, ллС¹ְ֡
ΪҪȥԱķ̣ܿʹ뿪ˡ
ԵĵطļԵıķ̺һ, ñĲһ
о涼ԣķ̡
ֱŻ˼ңе¶ģķһˣеˣ裬ҽ첻С¹ҳԷ𣿡
ԣԺ̻ԡǶ˵ͬʱҲǶԱķ˵ģѧ֮󣬾ѧУſڵԱߵ֪𣿰̻ȥġ
ּҾѧУؼұҪѧУļ·Ǽ·ܴرǷѧǸʱΣȫǳ
Լȥ
ǰǸķ̣ҲǻڷѧʱȥֵģĶȣġ
ִķе㲻ԸڱķӣϲÿС¹һؼңȻС¹ҳԷ
迴ֵСûаϣԷʱҪ棬ҪרĳԷ㳢ϲϲ
˵ţһȷֵ档
ҧһڣˣһ㶼ûС¹ְĺóԡ
ϳԵľһСȣͱķȲһǸ汾ģȻҲȣȷ˵Ӧǳ
ֺ¹һȥС¹ְ־͸ǳһȻǸȺСζܺð
ȴȺóԶˡ
Сǲѵģ־ʵ˵ˡ
ķ̵ǸеΣʵԼ˾ԼļζǳԹ˶˵óԣô˵óأ
ķ̿ʼָòǶԼԲ˵óԵİɡ
ĺӲϲԼݹܹ˳ȥ
ķѾ׼
軹ǹӶλķ̣ǱķֲĲˣֻҪζȥǾǺϸ
ķ̣᲻ڱֳһʵֻ᲻֮ǰǸķһ⡣
⻹ʱ֤µء
֮󣬾ñķ̳еݹĻȫԽ˵Ͷϵ
Ϊ˱Լ֪ʱίѾڼﰲװ˼أصҲ˱ķ̡
˵Ѿ֮һٻٿС
־еƲֵģķˣ裬ҿȥС¹һдҵ𣿡
ûӵĻڵʱ䣬ͺС¹һдҵˡ
ĳ̫ˣʹڼдˣд֮ȥС¹ɡѧ߷ڻûȥأӺӵļҳô࣬ûӦ
û֣¹׽ֻһڼдҵˡ
ǵһûд
Ȼ¹ԭҰԱߣ¹ԭҰΪ˲¹дҵԼһ˴Ŷֻûһ
¹׺дҵʱҲҵΪдҵʱǲˣġ
ҪҲǱ¹ԭҰŪˡ
ͻȻСɣ¹оͲˣǦʴҵһںڵС㣬¹Լָˡ
ְ֣ԺĲһؼ𣿡
¹ԭҰ缦ؿֻŶҲ֪ǼٵӦ
¹׷±ʣһ¶ߣһֻȻظһԼ⣬ְ֣Ժ󲻺һؼԺܲܺһдҵһԷ
ô֪Լȥ¡¹ԭҰһƽȵĽǶȺ¹˵ҾãӦûǰӰɡ
Ҳ˵ֲ¹һؼңһдҵһԷ
˰ɣ¹׵ͷ˶Ĭˡ
¹ԭҰˣڵСôƸе
ȻһдҵһԷǲһ
ûзֿ
ôĬòǿ˰ɣ
¹ԭҰеצóο˵ͣһֿ޿Ƚó㿪ܶ㿪¹ܶ
ǶӰ
¹ԭҰʹʳջ
ɽķѾˣ¹ԭҰҲû³ʳĴ㣬һʱ֮䣬벻ʲôʳջ¹ס
ʼŬ˼Ĳʲôģ˰죬ͻȻǽǵһ䴿ţ̡
¹׵̡
ˣ¹ԭҰ뵽ʲôˡ
С¹ȻְҪţ̲ҪҪһ¹ԭҰѾܾûСʳˣ¹ס
ӦûϹɡ
Ȼ¹һ̧ͷһ㶼û¹ԭҰԲЩįеֻ˷ܣ֡
ְҪţ̲Ƕֽǲ𣿡
ǲ
¹ԭҰҲᣬǽҪ֣ɲǶƬĽǲ˲
ǣһ֣ҪҪһ
¹׵˵ͷȻҪˣ
ְѾþûиʳˣòˣôܴ
Ҫ
ǵдҵǾɡ
ţ̲ǰţ¹Ļǵһдҵļįټһ꼶ҵ٣¹ʮӾ͸㶨ˡ
Ҽһ£ְǿ𣿡
ļ¹׶Ȳҵ꣬ȥҵͿԺͰְˣĲһ꼶Сóġ
ȥðۣ֪ʲôӵ𣿡¹ԭҰ˵İۣǳַĩ״İۡ
ݱˮϳɺ״Ȼ󿪵ˮУһһ߽裬ȵ֮󣬾ǰˡ
¹ԭҰϴһУڱһֱû
˰ۣкۣۺͰֻۣɫͬѣǵԭҲǲͬģĿڸкζҲǲͬġ
ۣʵûζģֱӳԵĻζܺãԻҪǷۣ֥飬㾫ͱˮ
رڶʮһˣѾûôˣҲûбҪ
ȵ¹˰۹¹ԭҰָȥţ̣һۣԼˮ͵ţ̡
һдţǶʮҲʮС
ǽǸպþʣʮţ̣Ҫȫˡ
¹Ͼûţ̺ˡ
ء
ȥһ䲻ͺˡ
ţ¹ԭҰͺŵذţȫ棬ʮյţ̺жԱߣͦġ
¹׶԰ְһäĿεģһ㶼ְ̱˷ˣһŰְ˵ţ̲
С¹һĻǵһģ¹ԭҰǹ¹ףһ룬ϾԼ˾
һ׵İǡ
Ȱȫڻţ棬ҨһζڵÿԽܡ
Ūһ𨻹¹׳ԿĻԼһǡ
¹׵˵ͷ˵ζáСģͦİ
أ᲻̫𣿡̫ĻټһЩţ̣ţ̶һһ㣬̫Ӱ졣
ֻҪ־ˣ಼޷Σ̫ٵĻڸлӲӡڰ۰װֻһο
ȫ԰ԼĿζиġ
¹ԭҰõʵѾԼĿζе˵ġ
Ҳûʲô¹ԭҰͰۺֱӵȥˡ


55 
ţ̲Һ֮, Ҫȵ˲Ż͡
¹ԭҰһǸûĵˣѲҺڴ棬ǵûп, 衣
ʵ¹ԭҰҲװĲƿ, Ǹƿ, Ѿܾûˣ֪
Ҿͺ鷳, ҵ֮󻹵ϴ, 鷳, ¹ԭҰɴ˸衣
軹¹ԭҰȥдǮյƷһߴ, С, ¹ԭҰصѡ衣
Ϊʲôѡ, ΪոպװĲҺ, Ϊ˿ȴ
ѱıó, ڴ, Ȼˮ, ٰڴ棬Һܹܿˡ
ҪȾһ, ΪʵǺΣյġ
󿪵ĲҺŵˮУ£ܻܿ⡣
Ҫ¹ԭҰõǲ裬¹ԭҰһʲôļԲȶ
ԲŸζ, ȵ֮, ¹ԭҰְŵȥһóʱıԵ, ľͿˡ
¹Ȳˣò׵ȵ¹ԭҰѲк÷ǰ¹Ͼ˴һڡ
ζúð
¹׾ԹõĲ¹ԭҰְô
ôóԵĲǰȻûгԹ
¹Ǵ̫ˣ
ôһţ̲Ͱǰ¹׿ԾسԸʹ죬ֱӳԵζѾܰˣû뵽ְ־ȻбĳԷ
ӽǵģӷ۵ģģмˮģ
¹׶ˣΪʲôôĳԷ
Ϊһţ̲ô࣬ǳԲ꣬¹׻ſװһС͸˼ֳԵġ
ǲһΣ
¹ײûôǳأ
ǳйдҵ¹û취ͣԲûѽ
¹ԭĴ㣬ǰְŪôֳԷÿֳԷһ飬Щţ̲Ͳ˰
۵ķհ
¹׵գ¹ԭҰʾ̫ˣÿֳԷ㳢һھˣԵأˣ
ǵģ¹ԭҰڻûء
Ϊţ̲˵ʱ䣬ǳʱͱƽʱһ㣬պײȺԤ˺跹ĳ
ҪȰ극ܼԷ
¹ͺܲԷˣԵְҿ𣿡
ְ˵ԣԲԵ

ַݵֻд˿㳤֮ǰͿְֲԵɣ
¹ԭҰҨһ鲼ȻڲΡΡĲ潽һ㽹ǣɫĽ˳Ų»һɫĺۼ
ȷĳ񶼸鲼ˣһ¹ԭҰ죬Ȼ󱻵档
¹ԭҰΪһڲ

ǵг˲ڿǻбĻ棡
ˣ
ⲻֻʿˮ
ѽ
Ǿ÷һţ̲㣬Ҳһѡ
ʣµĲҲ˳Եģ
Ϊǿ꣡
¹磬ǳԵ𣿡ʻλѾˣǷţ̲ҪӽǺˮ
һҲν㻨Ǯܹ
¹æųԲʱ˵˻ûϵ
С¹ء
¹׽ػס˴裬УǲġְĲֻôһ㣬
С¹ûóˡ
С˵õġ
ҲǶ仰֮Աǵģڡ
ǲ֪ҲҲˡ
ѽС˵ְ˵ſԡ
¹˵أ
¹˵С¹˵öԡ
Ϊϣ۾һӰˡ
к跹Զ˺ô
˵¹ܲ΢ڿôһ㣿
ôҲҪ׬Ǯҵ˰
һΪͥ
ǵҪʵܼ򵥵ģֻҪ¹Լʱ΢ôݡ
Ǿܹ˰
ô򵥵ССҪ󶼲㣬¹һô˶Բԣ
ԣ
¹ô鲻Ͻ
Ҳ֪ǰٱ顣
Ҫ֪ˣٱܼ¹Ķ־¹ڿһ㡭
ǿ϶ٱ¹ԭҰ
¹¹纰ܣֻҪܸһڳԵģ¹Ҳ׼㿴
ϧ֪~
¹ԭҰԼˣϲĶԵҲȫûģ
ô˵ûдһţ̲ʣһ롣
¹ԭҰ˵¹׵Ǿ仰Ǳϡ
ǵģģ۵ģˮģ¹ԭҰÿ־ͳһ㣬Ե
ȶ̥˵ɡ
һ˵̥¹ԭҰûˣϾȺܶиҪúܶ
ԵĶԲƣֻҪסѣһζѹֻ
ţ̲ȴ¹һ飬¹ԭҰӻζأˣΪʲôС¹ܳôࣿ
Ҳԣ¹ԭҰʾ𨡣
û취¹ԭҰһֻ¹׶֮һĲС¹һ
Ϊ˲¹Ļյ¹ԭҰߣѹҪС¹Ķࡣ
ǵһ꼶СѧȽϣ¹ԭҰԼȽ϶࣬Ͼˡ
¹ҲûзְְĻĵðְֵֻС绰棬ְ˺óԵġ
ʲôóԵģ¹û˵
дҵȥ¹׼ˣһӵ绰ڴؿ裬û취ֻôӦˣ·ʱҪС֪𣡡
лл裡֪ˣֻһܳˡ
˼ǱҲ࣬ʮңС͵¹׼ˡ
ʲôʵ
еţ̲棬װ׵ӣͶСѸֲС¹˵ĺóԵĶ
ţ̲¹׺˵ķ緶ţ̲ȵطֳݣװС棬¹׻ڲ潽Ǻˮһԡ
ܺó԰ɣѾ˺ܶ࣬¹ٳԵʱ򣬻Ǿرóԣ
ţ˼Ѿûй˵ˣֻõͷʾԼͬ
ܶı˵ģֶԹֻǾС¹ְţ̲ζúð
ԵôóԵţ̲־һ㶼ѹˡ
˭ܳźóԵţ̲أ
ֲС
ţ̲ôóԣֳԵúܹгʱֺ˼ѾŬطٶˡ
ţ̲Լ˳ź»һ¾ûˡ
˶ûгԹţ̲ѾûˣֻСҨˮԡ
ˮ飬ŷۣŽǣζŶ
СϲĶˡ
ˮ飬ۻнǣ˳Եøɸɾġ
ȻûгԹǴѾ˰
ٴѾԵˡ
βԲҪϿΣ̫ˡ
μҲܳԵͺˡ¹ǸĺúӣҪôóҲܳԵţ̲أ
ζܳ¹˼ֽȥС̫
˼ҲŬذ¹Ű취˼뵽һð취
С¹ǰ༶ûг԰ټ簡˼ʵ
ټִ˼ǲ֪ģǰİΣһΰټ硣
ʦøλҳһˣ༶ǳԣǸ磬˼ûϿΣ˺öóԵģҲûҵ
Ϊ̫ˣ˼εؼס˰ټ
ֺ¹׶ף˼͹˸ое㶮ˣ˼ǰ԰ټʱ඼ϿΣĽˡ
¹ʱȥ˼İ༶ˣ˼͵͵¹˼ڡ
¹ܽһ£˵Ұְţ̲ȻѧУ𣿡
˼ͷԶԶԣ
Ҳ֪ǰûаټ硣¹׺Ľ˼ǰ༶İټˣǰʦû˵
᲻ǰûأ
ָ˸⣬ҪҪһְ֣
Ҫٰټ磬ʦһǰһҺͼҳ˵ģüҳ׼
һ꼶һ˰ټ磬İ༶½½Ҳģֵ취ǳˡ
ټ磿аʦոշġ¹ԭҰҪÿλҳҪһ˹ҳʱĻҲһμӰټ硣
յϢ¹ԭҰûʲôˣ¹׾Ͱˡ
ְţ̲ɣ


56 
ţ̲о
ʦŷһ, ѾмҳӦˣƵ֮򵥵ĲϾмҳѡˡ
ȻûӲҪ˵ǲƷظ, һǻᾡظ
, , һʡǮһ, ΪֱȥСݶͿˡ
һЩղ, ֻûʱ˵ļҳ˵, ൱Ѻá
ѡ񵰸ÿǳ, ΪͲ, ٷ֮ʮŵСѶϲԵ
ǵѾѡ˶, ʣµĳղ, ֻûʱ˵ļҳѡʲôأ
ը, ը׻, ը
Ϊըը׻Ҫ, ҪۣҪըʲô, 鷳ӣǴļҳϾͻѡ
Ϊгǳ棬ɶըը׻İƷ
ֻҪӲг, ͹ͷһը, ׼һЩѽζһ˾ˡ
ĸСӻըը׻
, ¹ǰûС
Щ򵥷ζĲƷһӾͱҳѡˣʣһЩպõļҳҲҪżģҲԼֵĺòˣɻһЩղõļҳôأ
ôͲ¹ԭҰĿǷΧˡ
ţ̲᲻̫ܾţ̲Ƚʺϵ㣬¹ԭҰеᡣ
ְֿǺţ̲ӣôԣ
μβǳԲôóԵţ̲
¹׷ǳ϶˵ôᵥأְôóԣһϲġ
¹ԭҰ˶ԼĶҲ֭ŵģҲԣǾȷţ̲ˡ
ʵ¹ԭҰΪǲƿССĲƿ棬ϰƿţ̲׺âǻ֮ɫ޵ˮ
Ȼ򵥵ֵ޸ߡ
¹ԭҰǰʮλͬѧʹòƿĻ
ʮ¹ԭҰҸûô಼ƿȥĻ
ʱһһϴɾٹ಼Һ¹ԭҰ;ú鷳ˡ
İ취ɡ
¹ԭҰС
ǡ
ִس
¹ԭҰţ̲˸⡣
¹ԭҰһӹ̵ģѲŪûһ㣬֡
ڹ⻬Щװڱͣװ棬ֻƻԡ
˰죬¹ԭҰɴطˣͺͺɫţ̲ڳм䡣
С¹Լܶ˹ȥ𣿡¹ԭҰ̫ȥμӰټ硣
Ȼ˵ʱļҳȥμӣ¹ԭҰûУʱ࣬¹ԭҰǲȥ
¹ԭҰլû֣ȷܺİ˽õĽⲻ¹ԭҰϲİ˽
ȻҲȫȫİˣ֮£Ǳ˴˶һϵ
ҵĺӶһ༶档
ⲻİ
¹ԭҰͲȥһҳȥĻС¹̫
¹ԭҰʰ𨣬ҪС¹һȥ
أȥ
ְ趼ԸС¹һȥμӰ༶ټ磬С¹ֻܿԼȥμˡ
¹ȴԼ
ϿҲûҵôóԵģֱС¹Ҹʱ̣ôÿأ
ڰְֵҪ¹Լһ¡
ΡΡض˴ӣоְҰѽǺ黹ˮ
ȷ𣿡¹ԭҰòԡ
¹ССһ϶ôһӣ˶˲ƽȣ¹ԭҰС¹Ҳӣǵţ̲
ţ̲Ҫǵˣ¹ԭҰûʱһˡ
¹ԭҰ룬һ˰С¹һµˡ
ǵһ ιȥͿԿʼټˣͲҪԷˡȻˣ¹ԭҰҲû¹׵ķ
ֻ¹ף¹ԭҰҲûԼͰķ
Ϊ
ǽձĴգ
ȻˣԼĴա
ΪӪԴյǸΧҲһ߳һķΧ¹ԭҰصóõֵ翾̡
ʵͼ˱еһȥȻҨ߲˺ʲô߲˶ԣԼϲʲô¹ԭҰõǺܲ;Ĳ˻
ûʱ򣬰ѺʺŽȥֵ¹ԭҰӵʱˣ
ɣϺ㣬⣬⡭
͸ҪǮһţܷŶپͷŶ٣ֱŲΪֹ
շ棬΢͸ʱü嵰泯ϣϽ֭ɳϺ̦Ͳ㻨㻨Ͼڴձ桰衱
ڿԳˣ
ζô¹ԭҰһ˫ӡ
翾̵¶ȵͣ¹ԭҰÿӼпգиһ¹ԭҰһСͽ
ɵĿڸУڸоǿĺǣĽ֭
¹ԭҰ̲סֱȥյˣ
¹ʵһֱûʲôܿܳԵʹ࣬졭
ᵽˡ
꣬СС¹ףվӵԱߣ۰Ͱ͵ؿְֳһڴգ㱻¶ȸһ£Ҳ³
һ߹һ߻ҪԵӿҲ̫˰ɣ
ְһ°ɣ
ְҶӶˣܳһ𣿡¹׿ʼս̽
¹һھܹ
ܣ
˵һڣڶڻԶ
¹ҪͺܺóԵĴգ
һӡ¹ԭҰھͷ˿ӣȻⲻǲԵ˼
һôܹǣ

¹ԭҰҪĴա
ĲϣһҪǮӡ
ŴҲ¹ԭҰԣ𨿴¹ԭҰڲͿ׼ʱ¹ԭҰιڡ
һһ߳ԣ֮о͵ʱ䡣
¹дҵ֮ſʼԵģŸճ˰ȻҪȥѧУˣ
ѧУѾϢʱʵжʱûôʱˣ¹ʱ䶼ˡ
Ϊ˳գ¹׽綼û˯
ȻⲻҪ
Ҫ¹׶ûгԹ
ְûгꡣ¹׵գȥѧУ
İټ磬ûôˡ
¹ԭҰʣ㲻˵ֻһڵ𣿡һһڣ˰㣬Ȼһ
¹ְ֡
ˣҲ㡣¹ԭҰһ£յȻõʱóԣһʱζȿ϶½ġ
ֱӴѧУԾˡǽҪԳԺȺġ
¹ԭҰ˸У¹װѰװ˽ȥȻָ¹׹һ֭֮ǰ༶ϿԺȵġ
ѾˣǾȥȰɡ
¹ԭҰ¹ͽѧУѾмҳǶˣæأ¹ԭҰȥʱӶѾŲˡ
Ѷ£¹ԭҰͺͰ˾ˣǰصؽ¹ףȻ֮󣬼ǵðѺзˮдӴؼҡ
¹ԭҰص׼һӸ¹װõġ
μӵļҳҲô¹ҳûѧټһʼ¹׾סΣμοҰְţ̲ܺóԵġ
һС¹ְģ۾ˣѾܾûгԹС¹ְʳˡ
ѧУ֮ĵطл¹һˣ
ҪԺö࣡ţ̲Ѿкˣ񵰸һһһģξһݡ
һģ¹ֹ
μ㲻Ҫţ̲ﻹе׻ҲܺóԣһȥǸɣΧڵԱߵôˣ¹żˣҪȥˣòԲɣ
¹׻ǺϲԵġ
ܴ󣬱һλҳСĵгʮݣÿСѶõ˵⣬˵֮⣬¹׺ͳλõ
ֻ࣬жСѲõȥ˾ûˡ
¹СųȥȻȥõ⣬Щͬѧȥ˵⣬ȵȥʱǱѾû
òˣ¹׺ͳξ˸ط׼ζѾ˴һڣ¹ȴûӣڸʲôأ
¹Ǹرʽеһ꼶ԼСóˣԼˮó
ڿԹѧУȹ֭ˣ
μΣһ˳֭Ҫ𣿡


57 
ѽѽεͷ絷, ôܻܾúȵĳ֭
¹ȥҪһԵˮȥѩ̵ļҳﵹ˰뱭ѩ̣Ȼ, ó֭ѱӵ
, ͱ˺úȵĳˮˣ
һ׼¹Ҫˣ
һԵľһҧȥ¹׾ҧ֥ʿ, óԵĲ, ǳԵ, ֻʣºƤˣû֥ʿûϣûн
ǳζ
¹Ǹ˷ʳĺú, ȻҲǲϲֵıǰˡ
ɳξûôԾ, ֥ʿĲֱԵ֮Ȧͱ, û˹ȻԼϲĶ
֮, ¹׾ҪԴˣΪ, Ҫֺѵһ, ¹Ҫȳ, Ҳȳԡ
¹ڳԴա
δһ£һȦûмҳ˴, ܺС¹һ
ôᡣ
¹״󷽵طһΡ
ҲŰСʱңڷ汣£ڵĴջȵģôĺóԣһԾϲˡ
淢˾Ĳ˺ͺܲҲûоᣬһڽһڣԼ֪Լôڣȥ˺öƽʱͲľĲ˺ͺܲ
¹׷ָԼĴգλδأľĲ˺ͺܲβܶٶܳԵȥ
С¹μΣǴõİ¹ǵıװϣԼĲһ߹ʡ
ξӣҫǳˮòģС¹ģرúȣ
ٷ֮ٵĳ֭ѩˮǿǿϣζܲú
С¹ܷһ˴Ϻ㽻òã
˴ϺͷܴɫֺžͺܺóԣҲܺóԣܶͬѧȥˣÿֻ
Ҳֻ
Ը˴Ϻ¹׽ˮ
˴ϺɺóˡĶǶԺ
̲ס͵֣˼μӰټģÿ춼ϣǺӵĻҲôһΡ
صյġ
Ұְ˴ϺҲܺóԡ¹ҲԺҲҪ˴Ϻҿȳ֭
󷽵¹׸㵹˰뱭浹ѩ̵Ļͱ˳ˮˡ
ллС¹˵ضűӻصߣѩ̣ȻͺС¹˵һζüˣ
ҲһڣҲ֭ζǳֿĳ֭Ǵ¹Ǳõġ
ʶ¹ף÷֭¼ȥҲû£¹׼رõˮ
ϴε÷֭εĳ֭
ϣԼեĹ֭ܺȲ
һ뵽¹׼ң̲ס棬ǼҽǴʲô˹
ţ̲ʱҲûСҪ֪Ȼֻǰ༶һССĻҪǴĲ˲õĻҲǻᶪġ
ȡһݣһڣһֹȻ˵ĸо˼ƽƽ棬ζ˾ް
ھǴζĳϲζ̲ס㣬Ҳ
ڼ仹һλҲһţ̲ڳԵʱȻȻ
֪λѾһݣǵڶݡ
ڶæųԼ׻ûзǷ֮ҲûˡλֺǺǵ˵
λ˵÷ǳеڳԼϵݣҲ˵ڶݡ
ΪʲôõݣҪΪһţ̲ôݻǿ˵ùȥҪǽӶá
е㲻˼˰
һȻλ˵һҵעЩ׻ֿʱţ̲ȻȻؽͬѧǵѡΧڡ
һͬѧԵˣͬѧҲá
Ҳңôһţ̲ͱˣҲֻʮͬѧõˣʣµĶʮûõ
ûϵ֮ǿԻġ
һڣҷһڣҲǳţ̲ζ
ţ̲ó԰
һڣ춼ζһ꼶ҲŶ̼갡Եǲסͣٳһ㡣
ţ̲Ѿûˡ
ֻͻζǸζˡ
ԳԲŲӡ̵ġ
ѧؼң󲿷ּҳԼҵĺһ⣬İټ磬ϲĲһ
ʵҳǵı׼𰸾ֻһǾԼĺ˵ְĲóԡ
ǵĻشȴǡ
ţ̲
ţ̲óˣ
ϲţ̲ˣ
ԼĲ˾Ȼˣ˭ˣ
ҳǻȥһ°༶Ⱥ¼Ҫţ̲λҳģ˰춼ûҵ
Լҵĺ˵׼λҳġ
ֻ˳ˣ˭ģ
С֪ţ̲С¹ְġ
мҳͨ༶Ⱥ¹ԭҰĿĶΪţ̲¹ԭҰͰѰ۵İװиһȺȥˣһ䣬ˮţ̾ˡ
ۣһС
⼸ҳҲԼؼΣôû뵽Ȼţأ
ô򵥵İ취ôû뵽أ
ۣţ̣϶Լڼְֽȫõ˲֮󣬶ʱԼſ
жѸ٣Ͼһ飬ڸУζԵģоǲһ
Ȼûл¹ԭҰĲ׿⡣
вͲײ
ûر׼ķֻܿооͲһˡ
賢˺ö飬Ǹζоԣֻܷˡ
ΪҲԲԵǸζһ죬ͻȻ¹ԭҰȦ¹ԭҰͼƬ
ͼƬǶʮװڲƿţ̲
ô
ӦòԼԵİɡ
Ȧ̽һ䣬õ˿϶Ĵ𰸡
ûⲻԼԵģġ
¹ԭҰôͻȻ뿪أ
ʵҲ˵뿪ˣǺǰһ
ʱ䣬ʯҶһ΢Ⱥ棬Ⱥˣ¹ԭҰȫʶǴǵĻУ¹ԭҰˣȫѧģǺʯҶһ༶ġ
Ⱥ˭Ҳʶ˭ǿʼcue¹ԭҰӺзÿηѧ˵Ǻܹˣ
¹ԭҰսȺյһȺҲǺ±ˡ
ûпʲô˼
ÿ˶вͬ뷨е˺¹ԭҰӺзе˺¹ԭҰ£¹ԭҰţ̲з
ôҪ¹ԭҰôܻǣ
¹ԭҰûӦģ̫˵ˣ¹ԭҰڵҵ߻أһɣ˳ھʹӦǳţ̲Ҫˡ
˵治ǺʯҶһ
һһĻ˵
ֻ˵ǸĻҪˣֵڲٵĻ׵˵¹ԭҰס
ȻӦˣ¹ԭҰҲͲ㷴ڣȻˣҪԭΪȺ࣬ҪǼʮϰٸ㿴¹ԭҰڡ
˿ȺԱ¹ԭҰ˶ʮƿ
ƿҲܱˣһǮһӣһƿһݣͲΪǮģ¹ԭҰʹɱǡ
Ǯһݡ
֮󣬾Ⱥ淢Ϣ֪ͨǿˣȺ֮¹ԭҰţԼϴƿӣƿô鷳ȻҪȦǣͳ迴Ȧ
Ⱥ¹ԭҰ֮ʮˣ¹ԭҰӦûô˻򣬵ʮݡ
ûĻԼԡ
¹Ǽһ￴¹ԭҰȦһʱ͸¹ԭҰ绰ˣҪ¹ԭҰݣҲҪԣ
¹ԭҰѰ˼¹ǺθڣݿܲɣҪηɡ
ţ̲ʣܻ
ʵ֤¹ԭҰµûдȺǶʮˣûһ˷ԼȨ棬ˡ
еĻһССĲƿԼ㻨Ǯڶݡ
˶ڶݣصôţ̲
ſھʮ¹ԭҰ˵˵ֻı¹Ҫ¹ԭҰʮݸոպãһûжġ


58 
ĸ, ְãþ㡣
ıţ̲ÿ˸պ÷ֵһ, ţ̲, ɱţֵ̲߶ˡ
ƿӾǺͨĲƿûʲôرģɰ棬̵ˮ˷ڲ, һЩ, һЩ˿
˿ʵǰǰ, Ȼ˦˿
¹ԭҰʵΪζǾ÷ÿԲŷŵġ
¹ԭҰţ̲, ӦѾһڣôʱ, ȷʵҪˡ
ΪҲûԹòǸ, ŵţȤʧˡ
¹ԭҰͼƬȺһ, ζҲҪֵȥ
ֵ, к, Ҳ޷ܾ, Ƕʮˣµ¹ԭҰĵ꣬Ǯһţ̲
Ȼ, ţֵ̲ãζǺá
Ӿܿˣţֵ̲жߣõֵʱ򣬶е㲻ˡ
һ뵽Ǹ˿ǻζ
軹ǳˡ
ʵɵģֵʲôֻǽҪĻǲ
ζ
ôõľζ
ԵĻҪóԣ
ˮرʣݮǲݮζģȻô˵֣ǰ򵽵Ĳݮ㻹ûвݮζ
޷ֲݮôֳġ
۸ô
ݮ˵辪޵ģۡ
壬رˬڣ֮⻹һζ˵ζʲôζ
϶Ǻ÷ûдˣ
ǺãҲûȱ㡣
ôһ㹻˭԰
ζûûˣ߷ߵؿ˵ڶȫԼĹأÿһ˭ܶԡ
ǳ軹û񫣬Ҫ
ģǺܼѣ
һıȫԵ뵽㣬󡭡
ѧˣöҲ̰ܶ
ΰĸ
豻Լжˣ˳ȥ΢һС¹ְ֣컹ţ̲
ĻͰʮݡ
¹ԭҰĻشȻǲ
ƿûô
¹ԭҰôظģᱻԭ˵
ôᣡ
ƿûеĻĸ
С¹ְҪǲĻҰѲƿϴɾ͹ȥٰıɣôصġ
Ҳ鼱˵ģԽԽÿС
Բô죿ǾͳԵΪֹ
ֻص¹ԭҰԸ취
Ȼǲġ
ԷĲƿûˣ¹ԭҰҲҪϴģûм٣ȻҪĲ
¹ԭҰûгţ̲Ĵ㣬һξͲˣһֱĻġ
һֱԵĻҲǻ
¹ԭҰҲô¹˵ģ¹⻰͵Ͼˡ
¹ųԶٰ
ôһƿ¹ԭҰ˺öΣ¹ֻԵôһΰ
ͳԵôһΣհͲֿ¹ԭҰ
ζҶһɡ¹ʳˣȻ˷׷ӵҪ
¹ԭҰΪʲôֻôһۣ
̫
ţ̲ʱΪ¹ԭҰõǴţ̣Щǣǲ࣬ţ̲ζ
Ȼڲ˿ҲǣĲݮ֮ˮҲġ
£¹ԭҰŷۣΪӷζģۣҲǰ¹ģ·ǻģǶһţ¹ԭҰûйܹˡ
ȥһ£־ȻѾˣ࣬Ϊ¹ԭҰ볢¹ķۣˮ۷佻˷ۡ
ζǳţ̲һ㡣
ӡ֤Ǿ㲻ͷôһ㣬Ȼ¹Գˡ
¹ԭҰСۿһСƿҲͰƿķۣСóԲСӣ¹Ҩһӡ
¹ôȻֱӰƿùȥԼӣСģܴܲһˣ
¹ԭҰǴ̲ס²˰ɣôͲٷŵ㣬Ҿֻôˡ
֪֪ˡ¹ƿӻȻǵðҶһ㣬Ҫȥԡ
¹ռˣ¹ԭҰţ̲ζرãЩûһܱȵϵġ
Ȼˣ¹ҲֻΪ˲ģԲֻ˳㣬ҪǸ¹Ͷġ
Ͽһ·СкģرÿīʱҲ¹һףŵʱһģһֵװ
·¹񻹸¹ߡ
¹ԭҰٿǵ
լڼ˳ԺȾ֣ȥ֣ͽī¹׾ǸС
·ôףҲǰְֽʱ˳ġ
¹ɲðһ
¹ԭҰȻҲãάָõķʽҲᾭ¹ǱЩԵĺȵġ
һ˾ͳ˸Ե¹ԭҰҲ̫С˰ɣ¹ԭҰǳ˶ٷ
ܲһٷ
ڰ¹ЩҲ˿ԳԵʱˣ¹ԭҰֻÿֻ
ôʻļ¹̲ס
¹ԭҰæʱҲû˵Ҫɱʼ
ܲС
Ͳȥгֱɱõļ𣿡¹е㲻˵Ǻˡ
㵱Ҳ𣿡صǼûԼĺó԰æһ°¹ԭҰҪһֻɱء
ֻĿͬе̫˰ɡ
Ǿ·Ϊá
¹ˣУҸɲҹһ£
ٻѪë¹ֿˣͰѽߣԼæˡ
ô¹ûġ
¹ԭҰ˵һ֭һƤ棬Ӧù˰ɡ
Ȼ
յֵķϾҪóˣΣϳ飬ۣǣۣнȫϳɽ֭ȻֻŽȥСʱζ
Ҫôõ¹ԼеȲ
ҪһĻҿ԰㺰¹ԭҰ侲ػشʵСʱȫģڱŸһ졣
Ȳôã¹ԭҰСʱ
Сʱ󣬸ýѾȥˣù͹Ҳȥˣͷͼצ¹ԭҰŵһߣûҪô
ͷǲԵģצĻ
ֻҲš
¹ԭҰѼצŵ涳ܹ˼צ֮һצ
ȵȣ˵צ¹ԭҰͻȻͺԣоȲצܹˡ
ˣ¹ԭҰȥļצצ
ڻǳԴƤ֭ˣ¹ģķҲܼ򵥣ˮ죬̳ζʹǣһܳˡ
һĿӸӸϺףӸʲôģֲһģͿԳˡ
¹ԭҰ¹ٵĸƵҹ֮һ
¹տЩЩٸġ
ĸСֻһСƹϣԵľͺܼˡ
ֻֻֻᣬСǲ˵ģǿ϶һһᣬôʣµļȼᡭ
͸ƾˡ
Ϊ¹ԭҰ¹ǫãŮʿ
Ų֡
ǽܿǴСԵģԼ׳ɵĽ취

˰ɣ¹ˡ
˫ʹʯͷӲ˭Ǽ˭Ǽᣬ򵥴ֱһֶʤӮ˿Եõȡ
¹¹ԭҰͽȻ󡭡
¹ͽˡ
ֻܿмᣬ¹ԭҰͰ𨶼ܿеļȡ
һ㡣Ӯ˼ȵİѼȷŵ¹ԭҰ档
ԼԾˣùҡ¹ԭҰ˵Ѿҧһڣֻ֭һҧȥ
һ⣬رϸۣ¹ԭҰȥĺںۣζǾˣ
¹ԭҰ⻹ûȥ˰ֻƤȡ
ողžܾڷǲе㲻̫ã
¹ԭҰڿǣ¹׾Ͷ԰˵㲻ԵĻԸС¹𣿡¹Ҳ֭ȣҲ볢ζͬĴƤȣ


59 
С¹Ҳ볢һ´Ƥȵζ¹ô˵⡣
¹ԭҰô󷽵, ǻܾС¹𣿡Ǿһڰ
гԵ¹ǻܵôడٵصͷſ, ໴ĳһ
¹ԭҰһԾŶ, ˵һھһڣִӰĴƤ˺һŴƤļ
մմںΣͽС¹档
һԵ˰ְ͹ļ⣬¹¶Ҹı顣
úóŶְһһڿ𣿡û¹ȲԤһ, Ȼ
İְָûĻ, ͸ղһ, ˺һļ⣬մ˺ںθԡ
ΪһӦþֵԼˣ¹ȴְ˺һ֭⡣
¹ҪְֵĴ󣬡ְԵǴƤѽ
ûѽ, 軹ûأҪԴƤ, Լַʳ¹ԭҰתͷʰ𨣬ôó
ͷ, ⣬ó, Ҳһ㡣
⻹ð𨶣
¹ԭҰ˵ҲģϾļôóԡ
ҪǲԵĻ, ôóԵļҪ¹нˣ
ԷĬú, ¹ԭҰͰ̸˵ʱŬԷ
ϿɲֻмȺͼ򰡣ϻкܶģ
ֻ, ˶˸ˬ
¹ͽ򣬽īǱŶƤߵġ
ߵʱ򣬻¹ԭҰţ̲ߡ
СīƲסԼǵĻˡ
ôţ̲, ̫Ҹˣ
˵ˣҪؼ֮ſԳԣʲôʱܵҰ
Ŷ
Сھ̲סҪţ̲ˣ

裡һˣҿһ£ѧؼңԿ׽ţֻź衣
ŵģ裬á
ССҲŰôߣеѵؿţһʱؼҵĸһЦؼˣ
ȽϴУÿصԣ󣬵ȻҲ⡣
㻹û˯ãҸҹ·ߵտģʱˣ뵽ڼҵ㣬뻹Ǵɡ
Ҫ˯ˣҹҲûʲô
ûʲôҲ֣ҹֻ˵лл硣
Ȼòʹʹ
ҪܵܵĻ
ܾûڵĺгˡ
˲ȸؼҳԲȺܾأ
ʱȥõĲǸʱ㻹ûзѧڵʱؼ
һһ
ͲǸԶʳĺӰֻ֪Լ͸вôԼȳԣҪȵȻһԡ
ΪѾ˯ʱˣҲȥ˯ҪȵȻһԲ
ò׵ȵˣȲشȥ˳
ְѾˣǰЦеΡ
ƣʷǰ
òӭɣ
⻹ܳ
һǰҽһҪǴҷųԣովһֱſڵţȻˣǾͳԲɡ
ܿģ˵ΪĶ£ΪܳԵ
մӱóûãϻǱģƿڲ󣬼ﳣõ첻ȥģûйϵѳԲӴˡ
󣬻ְ֣ҲûȻĸӣһһף˳
ְֱ˳˼һھ˵ģʵرϲԲƷһ
еͣ
ζôɣѾоˣѲȣȻζþȣȴѿ
ֱӾųԣȻеĵط۶࣬еĵط٣ζȴвθС
ְҲѵͬⲼģԣ´οԶְߵˡ
ô򰡣ͬѧ˽ģ֪´ûءõְֵĿ佱ɵˡ
Ȼڿ䲼ôóԵĲ˵۹
Իһ£ڿ
ĺϲĻϧˣһСһСڵسţ˰죬ķ֮һĲûгꡣ
˵ͬѧϾͲµˣ裬˵С¹𣿡ţ̲ζͺͰټǸʱ򣬳Եţ̲ζһģһ
԰ϲϲС¹ҵζϲĻ¸ѧȥС¹ҳԷôͷвܾˣǵһ˵
ѧûþͼС¹ְֵ΢ţܿС¹ְȦ淢ЩͼƬܲµС¹ھӪС
Щ˱˵ѧˣҵѧ۲
͹ȥɣѧڵǮѾˣһͣ͡
ǮѾˣû취˵ģֻܵȵ¸ѧ˵ˡ
һͷʺţԱ߳Բģ겼տģôأ
ҾѧУͦõġһ磬ѧУըţǴŹǣͦģ뻻
㲻¡˵ʳ飬ø飬˵ܲѧУٳԵ㣿
벻ͨˣѵѧƸʲôɨɮ
ļֱ
ҪȻͶѧУԣôԽԽأ
͸Ƥһ
ɣǲÿγԷ뷹
ҪΪԼһ£ôô뷹ˣÿζǴ򷹰̸ҶٷҾͳԶٺô
һ㣬Ҳеԩ򷹰̴˵ʱֶǺܶģǴ򷹵ʱǸǡ
Ƴһʲô˵ֱͷ
Ϊһ˷ʳĺֻ꣬ܳԹ˰ȻˣЩ˾ѳԣҲǿԼ£Ϊ˳Թ׷ÿζǰԼ׼üӲ˵ġ
һֻһեˡ
С˵ʱ󻹻СʳԸضʲôġ
ôȥ
־е̫û˰ɣ
磬㿴һ£ϲĻ¸ѧȥǱ߳ԡС¹ְֵȦ˳㿴һС¹Сÿղɫ
󲻸ԼӣŹãֹúϵ壬ֻˡ
ΪʲôҰСģû뵽ôһ˵ɫˡ
󼦵ͷȷЩͼƬ˼Լĵģ죬һͻˣͷµһЩƬͦġ
һ£ⲻǰʱ䣬ŵЩͼƬ
ЩͼƬĻ֪һЩ
ǼСѧɻˣѾӳв˸вҲжţ˺öΣǲ֪ǼСʲô
ҲһֱСѧСôƵġ
󻮵ײЩͼƬʱ䣬ʱ΢ŵʱ䣬ˣžǼҴеС˰ɡ
СĻû
ջԼ˵Ļ֪Сͦģ¸ѧڰҺ͹ȥɡ
һ﷭ٶôôأ
ˣջڻأôô
֪С
ߵѧŵѧˣһʮСʱѧˣ֪С
Լʡ
󣺡СѧģܺóԣǺõòҲǼСİɣ
˵õСôţ̲ˣ
ô֪
ԽҲ̫˰ɡ
˵ţ̲ζĲˣǲóԵˣʲôóԣ
Ψһϧģ˼ֻôһء
ֻܳһҲ̫˰ɣ
ôģҵĻ
ѧôѧѧϰ֮⣬Ҳûʲôˣеԣϴˡ
ڶȥϰʱ򣬾ʹͬѧСţ̲һˣָоͦ΢ġ
Ծؾ˶䡣
Ȼ֪Сţ̲ǰˡ
ʵ˵ʼеʱǳԽеģϷˣ˵һ
ţ̲ΪСϰͻ룬ԲģΪһȺСϰȺԱĸ
˸ϢѾ˵ţ̲ǸȺȺԱ˵һݡ
Ͳˣ
Ȼôõ飡
һ˲䣬г˶ǸȺȺԱĽ
ҷҪź
ôɵˣʵֻһˣͬѧҲôɣʵϣһͬѧѾɹشǸȺΪеһԱ
ûĻһСϰ巢ʱӦܹϡ
ʲô
ſ̫˼˰
һûмͬѧҪԷԼȥ
ͬѧҲǸˣʾѧڡ
ϿξֻֻҪ
һѧy׵ͬѧϴյһҲʰ˵ı
ͬѧˣǻΪʦأ
ֻӳȥ
һ֮ǰܲ֨һ
޻⣬ܵرʾ´һ
Ǹ˵ǸȺϽģҲȥֻ˹
ԭѾ
ĬĬһЦĬ
һͳֻ㿪΢ţʼ룬Ȼ
Ѿˡ
ȺʯҶ󽨵ģʼʱҲûпô࣬㽨һҲûʲôƣӦʱȺͻȻһˡ
ЩʯҶʶ
Ϊ˷ֹ˼ȺʯҶֻܽƣȺԱ˱ҪȺͬ⡣


60 
ʯҶ, ô˼Ⱥ
ðģ
ЩһȺ顣
ʯҶȺ֪飬Ǵ֪ģ
˵, ͳһ˰½˸, û취ʯҶֻʱȽֹԱˣȥһԴͷô¡
ʵҲܺңҸһʾ֪ˡ
ԴͷѧУϡ
Ҳ֪Ƕʮеһ, յţ̲֮, һ㶼ż, ͳֻӣĸƵֱ
Ƶȫû¶ֻһ˫ֻƵţ̲
˵ʵ, uʵûرҫҪţ̲ĺó, ʯҶʣҲеһĻ
ҲĽʺ, ȻŬȺġ
λ˼ҲܹĹ
, Ⱥǲܵġ
ʯҶķӦѾܿˣɾ, Ⱥ, Ҳжٶˡ
ô, һ˷һ䣬ϢҲҪըˡ
¹ԭҰôȺϢʼеϵ, ˺ⶼ֪ȥˣһϵûУ¹ԭҰͲˡ
ȵʯҶֵʱ¹ԭҰѾܾöûȺ˵
ȻҲζ¹ԭҰܾûзˡ
ЩСˣҲ˲٣ұǳŸģӽôʱ䶼ûȺʲô
ûð
ʯҶÿ춼յȺϢһʼе⣬ôʱҲϰˡ
ȺҲֻʣʮˣʼǶʮʣµЩˣǲô˵ˣȺذˡ
ΪȺȺȺʢʱ򣬺ڵһԱȣʯҶﻹе㲻ζ
㲻ζڳԵ¹׼Ĵ͵ʱ˲ʧˡ
ö˶˵ģ¹ԭҰôͻȻ׼أ
ԭѧھҪˣٷʯҶ񣬻κĸԵһٷ
չʵҲǹ
ҪΧЩйģ½½ض׼˺óԵġ
еһĺòˣе׼˴󵰸⣬廨ŵģܶ࣬¹ԭҰ룬Ҳܱȱ˲ѽ
Ծǰ˸ʾ飬˱ֻʯҶĸ˵ģ¹֪֮ǿҪҪμӡ
¹ԭҰ͸һš
ʾôģʾ¹ԭҰԼġ
ʾҲܼ򵥣¹ԭҰռһѧڳԹЩˣȻһܣȻ࣬ѡ
ǵѡѧڵһٷ
ǽһʢ
ҾͺŬػܱ˵СΪĩ
˿ԣǾǺ˰!żٰ!
ܲ
ʱ뱯Ҳеѡ
ټôóԵģ˭ܱ˵
ʵҲǷҪ˵ģȻǿˣǾ˳Ȼɣ
Դʾ֮ǾѾʼڴˣܾһ¹ͻ͡
ĳ¹ôסǵȵһ죡
ҹڴˣĩôҪĿԣ˽š
ôһΪ¹ŵĴ͸ˡ
ǵȵ¹ӦĴˡ
ʯҶһҲеСģڳԷ֮ǰ͵͵ƬǸ˺ܾõ΢ȺͷҪһ
Ⱥȫթʬˡ
˸£
λεı
֪ûкóԵģǣ
ԼͷųԵȲܣЩѧУʳóԵͬѧҲյѧУĩͣѧУѧܻӭǴСŲ˵ÿѧ׼һС̵ˮ
ܺʹͱȣ
ͬǴСţʯҶͼƬϵǸǴСţ״Сȣɫô񶼱Լߵˣ
ǳԵǴСеǴףóԣɫһ֪ʳʦ÷ѽġ
ɫġ
˵ҲģܺǴСűô
Ҳ˵ʳʦĲóԣƽʱҶǺܳ׵ġ
ô򷹰̸ԼӼ飬ǰ˵Ͳ
㶼ǹͷûж⣬÷ѽζǴŹǣѧĿеʳòno1!
ǶԱȳӰ
ķͻȻͲˡ
˾ȺͷʯҶˣʾҪȥ䷹ˣǲ˭ʯҶ󶼸һûзӦġ
Էʱ俴ǵϢڲ䷹

ʱǶѾˣ
͸տѧʱȣԲ˲ٵ¹ԭҰڴߵʱһɫСֽֽװһЩ֭ǡ
òݮĲݮǡ
𻹺Ŷ
ٱɡ
´μˡ
ٱľ飬һ㶼Ҫжһ²ŷ·ʯҶǳԵ̫ˣ
ӳŵеܣ͸ж
οãͶܿ֡
¹ԭҰ͵Ĺ֭ǣ·ϱһһ߳ŵģΪԵ̫ˣһǵλöûˣҲֻʱ㣬ǻѧУ
ѧУǶһȺڵأ
ʯҶͼıӦˣ
Ĺ֭˲ͱͬѧǸϷˣԼҲֻһų˸ζ
ʯҶͺܺڣʼΪʲôҪͼƬ磡
ûͼƬĻЩ֭Ǿܹˣ
˵ɶԲ£
ûе!ǹ㣬Ͳռӵ!
ǶҲԵ!
ڣǷǳڣ
ʯҶĺڣֻһ仰ҶΪʲô㷢ͼƬҵĹ֭Ҳˣǲе̫ûˣ
ʳǰ˭㽲
ʳѡʳ~

ȵʯҶ뿪֮¹ԭҰǳˣǼҵķżһֱǸѧУߵģѧżˣǼҲͷżˡ
¹Ƿż٣ҪŹ˾ƻߣ˵Ǳѧġ
ÿ굽ʱ¹ͺĽʺˣ¹ԭҰϰˡ
˭ŵñ¹ԭҰϰ໹¹ԭҰأ
Թġ
һ꼶ĿѶԼ򵥣¹׿˫׾٣Ժ֪˳ɼ¹׿ɿˣҪ
¹ԭҰͰĹ֭Ǹ¹׵ˡ
ĵģȴȥ˵Ǻܷˣ¹һҲ
Ϲ֭Ǿ͸߸˵سȥˡ
ְһֱԣ˵ǵ¹׻ΪοԵ˫٣ְֽ¹׺öĹ֭ǡ
¹׳ԡ
¹׵Ȼˣ
ѽֳݣһԼԵģһݷСģһҪָСڵܻܵүү̵ġ
ʲôʱܻүү̼Ұ
¹ԼǷݹ֭ͳԹˣÿ쿴űĹ֭ǣ¹׿ɲˣ˯ڵԼ͵ԡ
òڻؼ֮ǰ¹׾Ͱѹ֭Ǹ˰ɣ
ǿɲУ
¹׶СڵܵԼˣ˵Ҫ͹ùôǵģΥŵ
¹׵ĽȴУ˳ɼʰ˶ǿԻүү̼ˡ
īѾ¹ְ¹¹ˣ׶԰Ҳͷżˣ¹ͽ˹˾ĩæʱûʱ俴˽īֻܰѽīʱķ¹ְ¹
Ըһͷȥˣʣ¹ԭҰͰʰ
¹ԭҰ˺ܶ࣬ơƶǡҲˣͰϵһȥϢ¹ԭҰҲܾһ߳ԳԺȺȿʰ
¹ͺܿȥˡ
¹ԭҰֳһ귢Ĵ壬𨻹ǰò绨ӣվһ
رдʵһʻţϡ
ţ¹ԭҰ
ʵʼ¹ԭҰǾֵܾģɣ־ܹƵģ¹ԭҰÿζԼֻôһ㣬ÿζо
Ͷ̥ûʲôϵ
̥ˣò¹ԭҰôࡣ
¹ԭҰо˰죬ʲôҲûоŬƹüΣȻʧܣֻԱ
˵ԼҲûкôģϾơƶǺܳơƶǣͺˡ
˵ȶ̥֮ټʺˣ¹ԭҰҲûо飬˵¹裬¹ԭҰ˳Լ˿ǡ
˵¹û¹ԭҰͣһԿǣһԸˮͣ
˭֣
¹Ա߿Ŷˡ
˵ˣ¹裬Ҳ̲סɣһ̣
ò¿İɡ


61 
һ㶼׷, ԳԺȺġ
¹ԭҰǿƵǳΪݿеĻǲٹע˼Һӵĳɼ, ˼ҺӵĻ, Լ˼Һӵ⡣
ʵҲǣҪ¹ԭҰϵĻ̫ǿˡ
ǰδӵ飬һ飬ôЩ, ıҲ͹ȥ, ҽ걾¹ԭҰܶġ
Ȼ¹ԭҰ, úãָߣһѧֲ͸ĸһס, Щһ¹ԭҰʵҲĶˡ
кЩĸĸ¹ԭҰ, Ҫ͸̽̽ڷġ
ʱ䲻
ôֳˣ
̽̽ڷİ˲Ųˣʹ, ⰮεĿԶϣ¹ԭҰֵӡ
ڹҶ, йῴ
ýˡ
һİͷһ, ȴûô׷
Ǿ¹ԭҰҶ, , ⲻǿԼʵ
˷ʣ¹ԭҰһ˧Сˡ
˶ߣЩ, ҲûŴ¹ԭҰ֣ȴ¹Ǳ߿ʼ¹˵֮󣬽ˡ
ǱΪһӦ򵥲ˣϾ¹ԭҰô꣬ĵľ¹ˡ
ǲŸһǾʧˡ
˼Ҷ˼ҽܶǵ
ʣµһҲˣ¹ԭҰ֣Լж飬Ȧ洫ˡ
Ҷڸ̾¹ԭҰã˾ȻҲҵôÿĶ
˵¹ԭҰûţֻûȥܣ㿪Сھ͵ÿ
һ飬¹ԭҰӻĵһ£ѧò͵ĵطķ¹ԭҰ롣
ڶʱ䣬ǼҰ궼ɾ꣬͸糤һѾû˵Ǽʱˡ
ڱúܺóԡ
ûרŵĳӣ¹ԭҰҲ֪жٽͼƬ˵ҡ
ҲרҵģǿͼƬĿٽңȻҲɱǽ黹꣬ʱࡣ
Ȼܲ¹ԭҰҵĽ飬һɱ¹ԭҰҪһ
ͨӣ¹ԭҰѾ԰¹ĻƻҲӶĹ
˳ԷԼչԼ¹ԭҰ׼ֳģȷ֮¹ԭҰһ顣
Ǿǳ
¹ԭҰǾˡ
Ϊ֮ǰһֱû򳵵ļƻڳʲôȫ˽⣬ֻܿ¹нƼһ¹ԭҰֱǮ򳵾ˡ
˳꣬¹ԭҰѾüûпˣɲĶˣ˳Ҳû취֡
ҽѧһ£Ҳпյ뷨ԷͽһȥУˡ
ôЩ飬ٵʱ䶼ռˣȵѧˣ¹ԭҰûӦ
ûôϢȻͿѧˣ
ûÿҵ׼أ
ʱǲ˵ģҪѧˣ¹ԭҰҲüӿٶ׼ˣѾ¹ԭҰСʲôʱҵҪԼ
ǵûд
Щʵģѧѧ
¹ԭҰһȻжʮˣ¹ԭҰԭļƻʮңȫļƻ֮˰
һҲûʲô⣬̵ĵطܴ󣬱˵ǶʮˣʮˣҲȫܷŵ¡
ôˣ¹ԭҰͰ׼ù
ǵȻ׼ġ
¹ԭҰľϣҲܷ¹ԭҰȥСټˣѧĩ̥ͻˣ뵽¹Сʱĥ
Ҫһˡ
ھ뿪ѧ죬¹ԭҰʱˡ
¹ԭҰҰ̺ҰǲͬǸǱķ̣ҵ̣ڲ͹ݵķԱ
һʮңõİ̶ԡ
ܿмӦƸ¹ԭҰһֱ²ģ֪ôѡˡ
ֱ˼̹ӦƸ̹ӦƸ¹ԭҰȫû뵽ģƲ㲻̸ȴһܺõѡ
¹ԭҰе֣ôͻȻҪӦƸ
˼ְֺ趼湤ܿɹۣͲҪ̳
¹ԭҰʣҲû֮ͻȻҹҪݹʣȻʺĹٺܶ࣬ǹʱ̰
ÿֻҪʮ㣬ʱ򣬹æͿˣϴ룬һ
̱ûϰĴģݹʵ̫ˣ̲סˣܹϵĻ׬ǮҲǲġ
еǮʲô򣬷Ҳǿİ
ȻʵеС˽ĵġ
Ǽ˼һֱ˵С¹ְķ˺óԣҪС¹ְķ
ҪǽᣬѧС¹ְֵգ˼Ե㷹ҲǺõġ
򵥵Ĺ֮¹ԭҰ;ˣ̿ԵĻѧ͹ϰɡ
֮¹ԭҰǩһݡ
װһԵĲͺС
ֲͺȻͨĲͺûʲôҲܱȴǿʳõģǳɱһ㣬ɻ¹ԭҰĳܷΧ֮ڡ
¹ԭҰѡ
Ȼ¹ԭҰûдѧвͺУЩʣµĲͺУ¹ԭҰȥιģʮ˵ĲͺУ㲻ãҲȫĵˡ
һϴ⡣
С¹Сʽʼˣ
¹ԭҰȦһ̬շȥûãҪϾ˽ˡ
¹ԭҰ֧΢յһһʵǧ¹ԭҰһûסȷӦʱ
һͳƣ¹ԭҰŷ֣ȻʮˣʮѾǮѾȷģ¹ԭҰд˷Ʊ
һЩѯǸԸûȷġ
ˣĲˡ
վæˡ
¹ԭҰϽͳһظЩѯˣƻյѾˣˡ
˵ķűȽ㣬¹ԭҰҲˣ¹ԭҰû˵仰֮ǰЩѯҹǣˣ²˾ģ¹ԭҰһ
ЩԥˣϾ;ˡ
˵ԼҪ˵Ϳʼˣôܲء
˵˵¹ԭҰչʮ¹ԭҰʳרõģһӡ
һſĸˣʮպþӡ
¹ԭҰԭ׼ӲҾߵ׷Ӷſԡ
ڵڿϾʳõĸо֪¹ԭҰԭûģſճһֵĿռ䣬ʱ˵ŪͥӰԺ
׼һֱ˿ѧŽɣ¹ԭҰʧûüƻ¹ӣһӶһ𣬻Ҫڿѧ֮ǰɡ
ɾѾˣﻹܵ
ȵ˿գ¹ԭҰ˳ӣԼ
ųôİôȫˣ¹ԭҰŵøϽڷѹѹ
ʮѧ¹ԭҰͲٽӶĶˡ
Ҳ˵
ûбС¹СѧҪٳԵС¹ҷˡ
Ҫ˵ˣ˼Ҹûˡ
Լ׽ȻûбСÿ춼ܳԵС¹ҷ˵ɵˡ
ԽС¹ҵķˣԽñ˼ҵķͨúһ¾ͺС¹ҵķˣѾ׼ÿѧһҪС¹ҳˣǡ
С¹ҾȻˣ
ʵҲ˵ǲŰɡ
ÿС¹С˵ѧ˺ڵᡣ
С¹СϢʱ򣬵Ϊʲô
ˡ
ԭС¹СĲɫԼϲʱܽȥ˼ҳԣ
ǳ˿һѧˣӦ׵ģС¹СԴ²ϲ֮󣬾Ϳ϶Ļᣡ
һֿǰûϧٸһλĻ
¹磬ڻܱ𣿡ÿ˼ҷϵʳ˲Ŀˮ


62 
϶û취˵ġ
˼ҵ, ߹ϵĻ϶ûа취ɹġ
ʱҪˣС¹С, ֻһԷĵط𣿻, ҵʲôģʲô߹ϵģ
ʵС
̿ʼ¹ԭҰҰæˣ֮ǰÿɺ, Ժ, ǰ÷, ڼöӶϱԼԣأ͵°˻ȥ
ʱҲܰŵùǶӶϱû취һ°ܳϷˡ
ΪҪЩʱ°, °ȥ˲
ᰴչ
ְֺҲְ鶼ȥĲТӣûʱ, Լ°ʱ˳·˻, ̻ܳϷҲûʲô
ǶʵҲûйϵǰõķ, Ƿ΢¯һ¾Ϳˡ
ְֺôˣҲԼ㶨, ص˼
СͲԷ, ڻȵķ, ˼͸ԸԷˡ
˵Ӷ˲Żְֺʵʵض٣˼ǲ, ְֺͺ岻ˡ
û취̳֮ǰ˵ȥС¹ְѧˣʱȸְԵ𣿡
˼ʵؿ̣ȻҲ֪ȹ˵ĲĲó԰
ҿɲԺһȥ
˼ҪһȥĻҲǲС
һôЩǮõ
ӳˣܱȷźðɡ
̾ȥ¹ԭҰܲ˼ҲԷ
¹ԭҰʹӦˣŻ˶ٿǮȻ̻еһһǧĲͷѡ
ǿ˼˺壬ԼԷС¹ѧÿζ뷹Ҳͽˡ
رڹһʱ̷֮˼ĺܶСëΪ¹һԼˣ̾;һǧǮֵ̫ˣ
Ժˣ̾ҲҪ˼͹Է
ᣬ̲ûвְ뷨
ãܹһֱڵ״̬ĻһֱȥҲûʲô
Ǯܶ࣬ɰ

ûмӽʯҶȺҲû¹ԭҰ΢źѣӦǱģΪһС¹Ҷ̳ͬãһǳǵĸס
ǣɶ磬һС¹С
ΪǰΨɹС¹С̶ȻȻغһ̶һȥԷ
һ̶ͬƣҲ
һɹʯҶ΢Ⱥ̶Ȼû¹ԭҰ΢ţûС¹СıϢ
Ϊ˰Ȧͼ΢Ⱥʱһպÿˣһʱ΢ţȻôɹرˡ
û˻ںأһﱨɹ˾ȻҲڡ
˲ŷǮеСҪǸԼųԵĻʡö㻨Ǯأ
ʱϷǮƤʲôĲ
ѾˣǮҲˣǾͳ¡
˵Сôó𣿡һߵ
С¹СȻѧҶΪ¹ԭҰۣԹռȲߡ
һֻС¹СûгԹˣԴڻҲǱȻġ
ʵҲ֪͡
˵¡
·ϣв˶ǸߣߵÿѾõԼķˣڲ첻ģǰŶӣҲܿõԼķ
ǿϲԼȥõġ
һԱˣհӵƨϾ̧ˣϲ
ǲſʼԷ
һɣһϺһ
ȫ׵ˣд̻̣ȣϺĻҪǣ˺ܣϺôСر鷳ڳ
ֻƬĳԷɲ˵ĳһ㶼
⼸˲ܳԣڻһǲгƷţ軹Ϻ裬ÿһ˵۲˵׺
Ҳǲ۲˵ģݷ԰Լ౥
Ⱒ̵ķҲ̫˰ɣԲ갡
ζ嵭о˸ӣٷֻܺҲ̫˰ɣ
Ų˵ʲôʳ⼸˶ܳԣҿӣоգЩҪǲԵĻ͸Ұɡ
һھʹӦ
ʼԷֱӰСɸˣɲ֪ʲôƷֵСģһô
㸹һûд̣ȫ⣬һھȫԽȥˡ
ɲģҲ֪ʲô취һ飬ɽ͸˽֭ɣȴһ㶼̣ڸִɵеĽ
û̵ĸţؾ׽оֱˬġ
ϰĵζҲúܰζغɺܴ
Ĵ̲࣬Ƕһֻż׵ǵһţϲĵطˡ
ɵؾܴӹͷҧһż׵м䣬ȴһĤ
ǲĤǲʵһζǳرͷҪԵĻеС鷳ģһ㶼鷳ǰÿһ̶Եøɸɾġ
ӣϾȷˣζСÿպһ֭һ£ȡ
һԣǲȡ
ȣζǳأ
ϾͷˣСҪˡ
֭ζҲ;ݷˣ
ôóԵСɣֿˣ
ôóԵСɣϺζӦҲɡ
ôСϺ
Ǻܲǰ
СϺǺܷѾ˷ѰʱŰã⻹ֻôһ㣬ǺóԣҲ̫鷳ˡ
ôʱԼǰϵһУŮȻͷϺǣֱ˽ȥ
ֱŮ׳ʿ
ְϺϺϺͷҲȣϺͷϺôܳأ
һ𾪡
ǶǸŮ׳ʿһһϺ͸ĹһԵúӣǻ۲ģ֪ͱӰˡ
ҪȻԣ
һ
硣
ǸŮ׳ʿϺӦôԡ
ѡСϺѡǵĳԷ˷ѣֻôһһŻᵽϺˬ
ʱլˮͺˣ
һˬģ
СϺҲˣȻ˿
˿ڣ콷ֺóֺÿ˵õЩ˲Ըģȫˡ
˱˵Ǹһ֭ʣ
˸Ƥ
ûԲ
ѾѡԼ֮ǰ˵ĳԲ꣬һ׶ûʣ£ô࣬ûио
Ӹһ£ҲֱɣܳŹ粻оˡ
ȻһݵĻ㲻һݣСɵ֭ҲܾǸٳһ׷
Եһ㣬ǳˣǮû
û׬ˡ
һֱˮƽĻԡ
߲ķҲˣ
Ѿվˣȴ˵һ¡
һ£ʲô
һʾͱ⿪ˡ
һСѧУСѧ˹˵ҳԲꡣ
ȵľأ
ذʣ˰Լ󻹿佱һ䣬úãԲĻҸ磬ԵͲ˷ʳˡ

ʲô
Ҳ̫ƻ˰ɣ
òǸӣ㶫ٺóԣҲܳ˼ҵʣ˰ɣ
ƺδ֮һ£áȻ㵱˭ʣ˶
Ҳмʣ
ҪŻػմģ˷Ų̵ӣմһװʣ˵ĴͰͰûʲôʣˣеҲʣ
ЩûйƺԼķһȥӷȻԼԲ£ʣµġ
ڲˣ
ôóôܻʣ£
Բ£Ҳʣ׷ѡѲ˶Ե
ѺóԵĲģرټСʹ
ͺްôɰôûأ


63 
¹ԭҰСѧڿ, Ǽƿɴˣûű˵˼
ȻˣҲûС
ôļ, ͵ű˵Ķ˵С¹С, ЩϢͨһģϸѧھ֪ˣûȤ˵
ЩϢͨģ, , Ҳ֪ˡ
ϸѧóﱨ, ȴ¹ԭҰһھܾ߳ŭҲĵװ¾ģ¹ԭҰԺС, Ҳ¹ԭҰС
ѧڹȥ
ڳεʳһ취ûˡ
С̫йĵʦô, ô˵, ӲҲˣ˵Ծǲԡ
ֻά, Щάء
Ǯ鷳˵صα겻α
ⲻ߲˵ë, ܵΰ
е鵢һ, ȻѾѳ͵С̫йȥ, ǳ軹ûнǮ
¹ԭҰҿСеԥҪҪѳ͵С¹С
Ͱ, ԼȥⲻͰɣβ߲ëĲˡ
һֱţҹ˯žͰ˯ŵĳ°ְָĵˣ⡣
˯úúõĳ°ְֱ賳е£˳ķգһŸ˰취
ҪҿͰѳ͹ȥ
ҲҪˣԼƤ飬ȥ궼ˣ껹ȥǲǰԼӶ˼ҽ²
ǾͲͣ°ְ˳ųĻ˵
ǲУβ߲ý˵άƬҲûʲô⣬ܿԷģΪʲôҪҩƬ
°ְ̯֣Ҫô죿û˵ˣô졣
ʵ軹ˣ°ְҲ⣬֪ͨҪôģȥ͡
°ְ֣ţ
ȥμα취Ҳ̫ˣǶˣ϶˵ȥС¹ְ˵ǼҳǶԷ
С̫Ͳˣѧˣζˣ˵ȥͲȥˣ
о˵ȥ
ȥС¹ְ˵û֮ǰҲ
С¹ҲҵĻǾˣֱóС¹ҳԷдҵС¹ûС
쿴ˣС¹ҵĶһûСѧӦûиġ
ǳκС¹һģС¹ְԸĻӦҲпܵġ
Իʿɡ
趼ˣ°ְֻ˵ʲôأ
ֻܰ˵ģڶȥ¹ԭҰʿܼܲӸˡ
°ְ°֮¹ԭҰģżɽ˵⣬С¹ϣ¹ԭҰȻҲˡ
ϾǸᡣ
λõĻҲýοԸڳǱߵķϳԷ
°ְֵͰѳγԷȷˣ¹ԭҰǮˣԷ
°ְж趼ˣôҲʱ䣬С̫Ǳ˵ɡ
һôôأ
û취ֻȥӳεʱ˳С̫ʦ˵ˡ
ԺηͲˣΪԷͲˣóѧУݣϵĻʦϿΡ
Ͼҵд̫ˡ
ڼĻ費ܣдʮ㡣
ϰһƣؼҾúϢ붢ųдҵ
ξͿڳԱߣʦ죬˰죬۾ԽԽ˼
ԺȥС¹ҳԷ𣿡ο˷ˣǲԺ󶼿ԲϿˣ
ͲϿˣ
ʦҵǰҵȦõǣġ
˺ö飬ʦ˵ǲÿġ
ʱҵˣʦġ
С¹ҳԷǲԺͿԲøҵˣǳõԸ
ǡ
ССĳλ֪ԷͲϰͲǰ󶨵ġ
֪ԼԺҪС̫дҵʱ򣬳εĿִۣܵǿֵġ
ΪȥС¹ҳԷˣ
Ϊ̫ģһ綼飬ǿƲסԼҪ͸һС¹顣
¹֪飬ҲΪθˡ
ĸС飬һԷͲһˡ
ȻϿ˵ĻôʦץˣϿβɣƽʱܲ˵ģǾȻĿ˵Ļ
ǳְɡ
Ȼһ꼶Ѿʼѧϰˡ
¹ԭҰǵСʱȽƴٽ̱ʻſʼѧֽ֣ƴȻͽֵĲ¹һ첢ǵһ
ʵģʽѾʼˡ
ڵһ꼶ֶûȫǵѧϣѾֵӦ⣬ţ
ֶʶĿûĿҪôд
źܲ˼ӣɻн취ģѧУܲһ㡣
һ꼶ĿΪʶʱҪҳдҵͼƬ͵Ŀ¹Լܸ㶨͵Ŀ͵ʰ¹ԭҰˡ
˶꼶ͻˣǻѧϰôֵ䣬ֵʱԼܽѧĿҪֶȽϼ򵥣˶꼶ǹ⿿ԼܹĿ˼
ȱ˶һҵдҵĳ˵Ǹشʵˣټ¹˵Ļˡ
û죬¹һҲ˵
ò׵ȵ˷ѧ¹׺ͳֻ˼ҡ
ԴС¹Ҳӻ֮󣬳ѾܾûС¹ˣİĻλен
һֱƲס˷ܵ飬Ҳƽ
ԹԵغС¹ְС¹кȻ¹һȥ򷹣ϳԷûдڣֱûˡ
ŷҲ²ס죬ߴߴغ¹졣
ʲôҲûʣ£˷ʶóڴСҩƿǸβάõġ
ÿ춼װҩƿ棬Ҫԡ
һúܺãÿ춼ǡ
ûиСҩƿλѳˡ
ʵ貢Сҩƿֻ뵽С¹һ߲ˣȻĻάʲôģȫͨʳﲹ䣬ӦþûбҪάƬ˰ɡ
Ŀǣûδ
ôһѣΪԷһ軹Ǹδˡ
ȹ۲һʱ䣬ȷλ߲ˣٸͣάء
óάأ¹׺ʣμ𣿡άƬ̫ҩƬˣ¹׵ӡֻҪҩġ
ûа˵άƬΪҲ߲ˡ˵ر׼ȷΪô߶ܶˡ
¹ף߲ˣǻҪ𣿡
ҲŶû˵ó԰
ξǳˡ
Ϊάصζͦģλͦϲģǳǹһ
ҪΪôܻǵÿٷҪһš
С¹𣿡οɴˣóԵǹҪͺѷģҿԷһš
¹׿˿άƬúܲóԵӣûҪ
аְָǹóֺÿԷָΣμҪ𣿡
ôܾܾǣ
СֵطǣζܺóԣǳγԹóԵǡ
ȥʱ¹׷ָģ¹ԭҰԼĲݮǡ
ĲݮҪóԣ
ξûгԹôóԵĲݮǣ궼
С¹ְʲôʱǰʡ
¹Ҳԣǰְһ֮Ͳˡ
¹׻ǣְ־͸һǮԼȥСǳԣκ¹ڳԵˡ
Ҳ֪Ҫȵٿһٷֵʱ򣬰ְֲŻάҰɡ¹׳°Ʋ⡣
һһٷ
ֻܰѳǵԸ¹
ȻǺܺóԣǿһٷ̫
ܻΪ̫ʦϲò֣Ŀǻġ
С¹ҪͰθ¹׼ʹ
¹һظͰϰɣ
һŬһٷ֣Ȼðְ֭ǵģ
ʱһ԰ɣ


64 
̣̣һˣ˼ĵһ·˽
ͳſ, ¹׺ͳζѾˣˣ˼û, ܲ
Ҫһ, ˼Ӱ̹ƾҪȥѧУˡ
ôôϽԷɣ˵Ż, ذ˼, ݸһͺ, һȥԷԼȷʵʼһֵĹ
ùĹưϴɾŽϻҪãȻӲһ, Щ꣬˼ܳ극ˡ
̾Ϳ˼һؼ, ȻȵٹæͿˡ
ûģǽ˼ǻ
̵ĻѾ, ˼ûꡣ
ʱرţѾ̲סʼߴ˼, û취̵Ĵߴ, ˼ֻܼӿٶȳԷ, С˵仰Ĺû, ͱؼȥˡ
̺˼С¹СֻʣԼˣһ, ȷеѧԹˣ¹ԭҰŹϣ¥ϷϢ
ȻˣϢ¹дҵ𨸨¹дҵ
ڴɺãںƣ¹ԭҰʹ˯ˣ۾ӣŰѹɤŸС¹Ŀ¹ԭҰ˯Խþˡ
۾Ҳģ¹ԭҰ־ĵͷ£ȵóʱ϶һֻֻ
µط˸Ű¹ף¹ԭҰֻ͵ſʼˢƵ
׳˶Ƕȣ룬֣ᷢټ¹ԭҰǵعص
ֱķ
ûз
Ȼˣû¹ԭҰѡ
ȵС¹дҵȻΪԼķۼֻȻ۾װ˯
ݰḻľ飬װװţԼͻ˯ˡ
ȵ¹Լеҵ֮󣬰Ӵѵ˾ˣҵʰһ£ȥ˯ɡ
ӦñѵǸˣϾյѡ
βƳ¹ԭҰӰһ˶Ʋסһ¡
һӶһ£ҲǶһ¶ѣǱ¹ԭҰǸ֡
һ£̶Ŷһ¡
ҵһûסֻûץסۿžҪһʹ
¹ԭҰգۣǰһڣǸûС
ô̶̵һ룬˴ߣ¹ԭҰǰץסֻֻ
ֻƣ¶¹ԭҰ˫۾

˯˯͵ֻץ˾Ǻ鰡
¹ԭҰŰֺõЦ£۾һ͵һ£оΧеĻţ¹ԭҰŰСӸԼˡ
ǳײˡ
εЦ£û¹ԭҰֻص˴ͷ棬¹ϴ¹ԭҰ֮Ҳ¹׵Աߡ
ڵֻͣ¹ԭҰһ档
˵ŲǸ˯ŵǸ
˯رֻӶûгȻˣҲܹӲãҪǰ̫ˡ
ΪС¹ٵµУŸһ͸˵һ۾رѣͺֻգһ۶ѡ
ذС¹ѣŵʰûŪһ㶯
ȵ¹ԭҰ۾㿪ֻһʱ䣬üһȻѾˣ
һ˯Ȼ˯Сʱ
˯ôû
ϸò˯žɡ
ҲۣҪҪȥ׼˰
ѧĵҾͻԷˣ¹ԭҰ׼˰
ڻ·ݣܺ䣬¹ԭҰһƱӣǹɺһ£ͻȻ뷨
У
Ҫ׬Ǯҵˣ
Ŭ˵Լ¹ԭҰԼһͷܣ߶µص˳Ѿ׼ˡ
ʵ߲˶ѾժϴɾгɺʵĴСȴˡ
ϴ飬СⲻǼܹͨͨԸȥ顣
ů͵ʱ򻹺˵ĺϴ˾ͳһܵ顣
ϴˮŽȥϴǲֶͲԣˮůˣЩ۵Ҷݽȥˡ
ֻˮϴˡ
ˮϴˣһȥζֻ͸ˡ
¹ԭҰΪ˶ϴˣصȥ׼һ˫ܽףȻܵ˺ܴӰ죬ϴûô˵ġ
ΪҶ˱ѵʳÿڸУ¹ԭҰһ㶼ѡĵʮҿʼ
ʱ̵ģ¹ԭҰҲ㿪ʼ׼ǽˣǶʱġ
һܲ˼򵥣ˮ֮ŵʹнܲһڿʼȵѧѧʱ򣬾͸պÿԳˡ
һǸɹţӡ
ţҪţţǺţҪ±죬ȥʳĵʱ¹ԭҰͰ±ˡ
ȻƬʹн꽴иˣˡ
Ͼ֪ϳʲôˣ濴¹ԭҰôţӻѧǳԵʱ򣬻̲סࡣ
Ҫ֪ţӺ۸󰡡
С¹ְ־Ȼôѧԣ˵СˣѧУôѧԣǼѼ죬һ
ƾ̶ڲ˳ľ飬жԽĲ˼һŵ֡
͹⣬мٿˡ
⻹˹ЩӰ˵ķء
С¹ְѵͲ¿
ΪСԱ뷨һ棬̻Сߡ
˼Էġ
Ϊ˼ļҳ֪С¹ְʵϸǳЩõģͷоͲһˡ
һǧǮֵ̫ˡ
СΪ벻գ˼û˳ԷĵطҲԼʧȥһùĳؽ¹ԭҰС¹ְ㻨ôǮЩöСԵóû
ʲôóԣЩģըըʲôģЩҲϲҲܳԵÿġ
˵ҲǼˣ̽ȥ˳ʱ򣬱ʮ⣬ڶǵʮߡ
Ϊ˱ôǮת˲˳̯λȥпˣеȫǼˡ
̵òűʮߵ⡣
Ҳ֪ʲô⾹ȻǼˣΪϰ飬̶͸Ĵ٩٩ء
ϢٶȾе̫ϡ
ôǣܹûţùǻġ
˵Ҳе¹ԭҰôˣҲûë
⸽йģ϶ôģ˾˵һ㶼㣬ϺѼƵʻϾͺ˳һġ
Ͳǳţ⡣
Ҳûˣձ鶼һһ
˼շѱ˰¹ԭҰȻôǮѧǳԵõġ
ǸǮԵ¹ԭҰǳԵţ⡣
̵Ļһ¹ԭҰͬСԲû
Ǹ˶ܳԳû
¹ԭҰΪṆ̀ѧǳԲģܶǮܶ١
ܱȵùĵļ۸
Ǯ¹ԭҰðģе
¹ԭҰ뷨ͦģͺдϰָоˡ
Ⲣ̵˾Ҫ¹ԭҰ߳ȥеϰ壬ֱ
رĸ
¹ԭҰе㲻ԾԼˡ
ʵӱܡ
ô࣬ȥ·ͶˣΪ˹¹ԭҰ͵ް
ްɣʵ꣬¹ԭҰѡͱҪԼݽв
¹ԭҰسӣڿ㸽˼磬أθݡ
ݳ֮ǰ¹ԭҰû̫оܾԼֻһ㣬ݷǳп˺¹ԭҰƭԼĻԡ
ֱش
ѾȲ̥ˣھҪʣ
ʹӽ쿪ʼ
Գ㣬ˣóԵĸɹţӡ
¹ԭҰԼǿ־ֿסˡ

һţӣֻţû
¹ԭҰ˵ԷʱֻԲˣԷŶ
ûдˡ
ܲһ¡
û⣿


65 
¹ԭҰΪûġ
Ҳ˵Ҫţ
ţߵװ, ûġ
¹׷ѧŵ˳Ʈǹ˲ʿˮζ֪ڻǳԷʱ, ԺܹԵǰͷԷǶóҵд
˼ǰŽ, Ҳ׼óҵʼд
ڳΣȥС̫, С̫С¹ҳԷʱ䶼һģĵ׼ʱʼǱ߸רҵһ㣬Էרŵ
ͻԷˡ
Сдҵȴø߸ߵģųĶ
ʲô¹׷±ʾܽ˳һȥ, ȻͿְֶһţ, ζ𣿰ְҲҪԣ
¹׶Բݹ
һ˳һ, ˾ȥдҵ¹ԭҰ¹, Э̳ɹ֮, ¹ǩ
¹ԭҰֳ˸ţӴ
Բôֻһ
ݸɹţӿţţǻţֵ, Ȼζһǿڸȴвͬ, ÿҪԹȥſѽ
̸Ҫֹ, С¹ְ㲻ø࣬ġ߻˵أǱߵ˼Ѿҧһţˡ
ü̽˼Բ, ͿԽȥ˰û³ʽȥ֪ˡ
ȻҲ˼Ķ㬵˵ǸڼﶼǲԵģ
̵˵ʵǾεġ
󳦣˼ֹǲ
Ŷһ¡
ҪǷϳˣ˼ǶٷͲˡ
ȻҲǿģ࣬ҪûдõĻһɳζ˵Сˣ˶Բȥ
УкܴһֶΪζϲġ
ֻҪˣǺζһʳˡ
ţӵζ˼¹İ͸ҵˣһֱͻζ˳㿴ǽϹŵӱʲôʱܳԷ
ǸѧʱĸǺܼ򵥵֪ʶֻиһģҪǶ꼶ʱŻѧ
˼ӱ¹ףС¹ڼѽǻжòܳԷ
˼仰жжˣҪ֪ڼҾû˼ô˵
¹ҲڹעӱأŷһС˵Ѿĵʮˣٹʮӣĵ룬ǾܳԷˡ
˼ʮӵĸеʣѾѧϰˣÿʱȿ£˼Ӧúܿѧӱ
ѽѽò׵ȵ˷ָĵ룬¹ţְְ֣֣ĵˣԳԷˣ
˼Ҳں滶Է˳Էˣ
ͳΪ˽ϵһ͵ڶԷˡ
վĻӦǵҲ֪ʲô⣬
ĵʮ˵ʱ͵ˡ
Ҫһѧ͹첽ߣһû취㵽ġ
õԼķ˾λ
ĲˣоܲǲˣģΨһϲʲôˣĸ⣬ǹأζþѽ
Ҷˣζˬζԡ
ܲ⼸ûζۣܲҲÿӶɵؼӿûз˼飬嶼ůˡ
ϲľǵ֪ʲôˣĿڸȫͬһĿڸеϤǰӦóԹԲ⻹ţ⡣
ʣµ⣬ûԹֿڸеģ
д;㣬ص࣡
ţϰҲ̫˰ɣ
ôóԵĶٶ࣬ҲԲ
ųŻϧôϾûأ
ҪҲ˵ĻԲЩ͵æ
ΪĺͬѧҲܸɿడðæ
һܳԵ֪ʲô
˵ϰõĵʲô⣿ȫûгԹòʲôֻʲôţܰɣ
ǿӲ񰡡
ʲôأ
һţǣд㣬ҧס˿óԣ
ʶˣҲȫУԳţ⣬ţǣͲѲ³˵Ĳ
ɹţӡ
һʣµǸӦþţ˰ɡ
ţţǺţ˵˴𰸡
ԵĹʿסˣģ́ͷ󣬡˵ʲô
ţţǺţظһ飬ü𣿡
ƾտ̯ľ飬Ӧǲġ
Ȼտ̯Ҳûʳģտе࣬ҪǼļ֮ģټһС
ִ󳦣ǰҲ֪Ϊ۸ȽϹ󣬻ף϶û
̫ϧˣ
ţţζҲ̫˰ɣ
տԺܻӭ
Ȼϱķլˮ

Ǹھеһƿլˮ
Ȱҿһ£͵԰ȥƿ֣Ҫ𣿡뵽ȥɣ
Լ˴󳦵ĴУʱûӴ⣬л㱵ؾʹӦˣá
޷ܵı飬еСģһܲⰡ
԰
ǽĸɹţӣԺ࣬󶼿԰æˡ
Էܹһֱ̬ȣãǿһϳԷˡ
Ҫ֪һԷҪĲǴҿζһ£ǡ
ҿζһ£
ҪϲĲҲϲǲˣ
ΪԼϲĲˣҶҪˣܺúõţ
ζһǾͺðˣϲҵҲϲϲ㲻ϲҸԸģͺƽ
뷨ãȻ
˱ֻʱҲ֪ʲôȻ뿪ˡ

Ѿϴɾʲô
ô˶ڳԣһôóԣԣǲǿô
ô룬˵Լ
ȻҪΪɹţ̫óˣ
һﻹ֪ܵʣţӻԲԣԵĻҰ
󣺡
߷ߵذѱַϣ˦һ֣
Һİ֣㾹Ȼҵţˣ

ʱѾѡˣţӵģǡ
Լ
ҰͲҪ˺
½½ģϴҶԷˣɲ̻ʣһÿ¹ԭҰҲ뵽ûǸ˭
Ρ
ôˣûйòǷʲô˰ɣ
¹ԭҰе㵣ģҪҪϵһ¶Էļҳ
¹ԭҰʹͨ˳ĵ绰ȥѯһ£ӵ¹ԭҰĵ绰軹еεģŽ
¹ԭҰ˵ټ϶ԷĵǳΣҲͷԼΡ
ȥ绰С̫Ǳߵ˽һ¡˵꣬͹˵绰ֹӣξ͵ˡ
¹ԭҰȻһ³ôԭ
ݳ˵Ϊҵд̫ˣԷ֮ǰûдҵԲűС̫ʦдҵˡ
ε˵Ƚᣬ˼С̫Ǳǲǲ˳βԷˣԹΪѳεġ
ٳˡ
ʵĲġ
Ϊѧܾд꣬Ҷҵ涨ҪΪµڶ εʱǲϰΡ
ʵϳԷ֮ǰдҵǺѵ飬һЩˣڳԷ֮ǰдҵ
ľѡ
ҲˣֻרŹһ꼶ʦÿץ֣дƵץ
֪ǰ¹ԭҰû˵ʲôˣ֪˼ûΪѳξˣ˵̫Ļ˼ᡣ
ʳѾûʲôˣξһ̵Ѿ꣬ˡ
ԼһϳԷҲ
°˳һۣýȥ͸žͿ˳һǶԷ
ȻԼ˲ǳԣڶˣ
㾹ȻڳԷ
βˣҵд


66 
, ر
һΪʵ⣬¹ԭҰ̫ˡ
Ļ¹ԭҰϰ, òѽ
Ҳ򣬸, ޷ϰɳȶĽ׹ϵɲ͵Լȥ
Ǽ۵ٶеڿ˰
ǵʮ߿ˣȻܽ, ʮˡ
ǹǣ⻹ҪģǸǮʱеۣ˵ôǮܲˣҪǵǲǮ
¹ԭҰ˳һϰ壬ôǵôţ
ϰʶˡ
֪ܲ
˷ʲô
һһطһֻǾ˵طѾΪߵ㣬صڵĵ, ҲΪ
Ҫɱ, ɱ֮Ҫ޺, , ǲܳԵ, ǼȷȾ˷ĲĴ
ûмأ
ҲҪд
ڸط˷Ϣ, ѾдĻɱˣԴܵӰ, ۸Ȼȥˡ
۸ȥ, ̯ϰȴǺܸˡ
Ϊ۸ǣߣΪ۸, ǻûнǼ۵ʵֱ½
̯ϰֻòҵݡ
¹ԭҰⵥѾټĴˡ
ѧУ˹
̯ϰһ߰¹ԭҰ⣬һߺ¹ԭҰŻݣϰһô࣬Ҿ͸һ㣬ԺǵöҼⰡҼˣŻݡ
ϰ⻰ȷʵҲ٣¹ԭҰתһȦҲʵġ
¹ԭҰû̯ϰ׽
صǷ
⻹Ҫ
Ȼˡ
ӰǻеضǾϸļ߳ģǳԲģȻǰҪȥĵط
۸쳣˵⣬ԴͲ˵
䣬˵ڵⶼܳˣʲôʲôġ
¹ԭҰʱҲһûȥû뵽龹Ȼôˡ
ڰ¹绹øòҲȾ˷ɣ
ȲؾûģȾûôټڰ¹䣬Ⱦ;Ҳֻ¹ԭҰǴ룬ϡ
Ҫǿô⣬ֻûеò
Ȼ˵ļⷽкܶ࣬¹ԭҰȥ߲Ԥѯһ£Ľǣûûе÷
¹ԭҰͰˣۿٳ£ܳˣҪڼĻ⼸ٽɾȫ˰
Ϊ˷ֹôˮƯҪȻ
ڳˣ
¹ԭҰ񽥽Ϭ
ٶٽоΣգӴ޴ɱȣΡΡضú棬Сɽһһࡣ
忴žͺζ
¹ԭҰݺģȻûмͽɣ
עһ㣬ʱɱʱȥ߲Ԥȥһ£ߺϸ֮Ӧþûˡ
¹ԭҰ񽥽ָ֮ǰĺơ
ɾˣֱûн
ںʲô
ֻѣ
Ҫģ֮ǰɴͳԿˣ
ʼ̬Ȼ󡭡
¹ԭҰͷʳһһˣòӴϷݶȻԵõķԵġ
¹ԭҰָüСأôǶأ
ԵöѽԵö೤ö࣬ʱ¹ԭҰиԡ
ԽӺơ
Σ

ЩǼ֮飬¹ԭҰô廨⣬ȻҪؼҿ
ͺҪõĲ϶ˣ¹ԭҰȥˣᾡһѽĲȫ׼ȫ
һ֣ʣµķŵ棬ͻó⿣ڱȫõʡ
ƽʱһ֮¹ԭҰƬȻȦ档
Էʮѧһ඼Ǽ¹ԭҰ΢ŵģżҲעһ£Ҳǹĺÿʳ
ȻˣҲȫ
ҲһּҳΪ벻Ҫʲô¹ԭҰοһ£Բġ
ôһͿˣһ廨⣬һԲ⡣
ڷôôСѧⰡ
Ͳ·
ʳļҳӦû˽ֻ˼ƣ͵óⲻܳԵĽۡ
¹ԭҰòʱЩļҳһ·
֮⵽ܲܳԣ
ǿ϶ġ
ǲᴫȾϵģټҪߺϸУ͸õˡ
ż©֮㣬ȣ£ͻֻҪˣûҪĵġ
¹ԭҰôգЩĵļҳԼҲȥ˽һⷽĶܹʱˡ
ҳǳģѧȴʲô鶼ûһóԳԸúȺȡ
ļҳûϵ¹ԭҰ飬ļҳҲС⣬ͺ˺ü飬СṩĲˣҪԡ
Ϊļҳظ˺ü顣
£ôĴҲòˡ
Ž꣬ˣҲǣҲǣԾʹѰһ
ԵĻҲųԡ
ûʳڣһӾͼһ廨Ե㡣
ĿɿڴͲ·𣿡
ʲô
Լǲ֪ʲôģ飬赹֪¹ԭҰ֮󣬾¹ԭҰ˵еûر
Ȼ͸һ·жôĿֲڵⲻܳơ
˵ôأ󶼿ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ飿ϻء
ǼˣҲһһ
ڲ˵ⲻܳԣѾôˡ
ģȵȡ
òỹ֪ɣ
ɡҲҾ㣬򲻴ˣ
˵ò֮еƲסԼˡ
Ҫֵе߰ý廨ⱻ棬ڲǺܶຫԲƵѼ˵廨⣬һ
óԲóԲ֪صǿ۲
ﻹһСĺɫϣⲻ֪ܲܳԣǽϿ϶ûġ
ÿӴһ㳢һ£ţ̩ʽζܲ
ʹ廨һԡ
϶óѽ
⵽ܲܳ԰ĺԽ廨Ⱑ
ⲻǷϻ𣿡ԱһͷԵ˰һۣ̫ŵԷˣҪǲܳԣ¹绹ǳԣ
˵ʯҶ
¹ǻǳԳء
еƣǺģҲŶȻͱʯҶ˵ˡ
Уͳ˰
ش֣ѵ廨ҶȻƽϣÿӼ廨⽫ҶĨȣȻһƬ廨⡣
ֱȥ
˵Ĵ࣬廨Ĵ࣬ȫ壬ر
˵ˣʱһҪ飬Ҫſڡ
ʲô廨⻹𣿡û⡣
һ˰ôܹ
ǿζһҲν
ûиСѧء
ģҪǽԵĲˣ˷
ͺǺǸҺõҪԣ
Ǹ˵еСϰ϶ǻҪǳԳⰡֻҪһ˳Գˣϰ嶼Ҫġ
ղŶˣϰںԿ廨أ
ǰһƺõ廨⣬һҶˣһ߳һ߿廨ڿ졭
ȻеԶû̫壬ǻȫԲ˰
ζ
ֱˣ
ô˵Ŀ廨⣬ǰһͬҪǲԣͲˣ


67 


 κĿμʮӡ
¼ſ, ˶ǵòУûʲôƼĵꣿʳóˣôѳԣѾ̲ȥˡ
Ѿ¶˾, ûʲôƼĵĻȥС, ҲҪʳˣ
Ҳûð
Ϊѡ˶ԵСÿһٷԵرҸ, ôܻȥѧУΧʲôóԵĵꡣ
ҼǵѧУһ꣬ʮ·ԱߣȻСҼǵ̲˿ζǺܲģҪǻˣһֻҪǮкüѡҪϲĻ, Ҳѡ⡣
껹ܻӭ, ȥü, һ, Ӷ˵ġ
Ǽҵ갡¼Ҳ֪, ϢѾ, ǼҵѾǼˣ˿ͳһǼǮ, ˿, ζǺǰûʲô𡣡
ҪȻԿһ·ϵɡ˸飬ԼһǮϰ, Ȼ棬Ǹζֱˣ
еһʳʹеƣƤС۵ɵڹϼȻɵģϳ棬ԼָԼϲĲˣǺܴڵһ͡
ڱĵطҲаѰõڹͼ嵽ֽ࣬ͼ塣
ƤѡһСģһּһɫĲݣʹõۺҲе㲻ͬԿڸиΪŴ
֮⣬ѡƤûб仯Ļɵ֮󣬾ͻ˸֣ߵͷ
¼˶ذԼ£˾ĳЩȫȥˣȫǼˣ
¼ѧУԷ˰
٣
Ծ¼ĻʳѾˣͲ̫㻨Ǯ
ѧǺͼͬѧһƴѸĸһԸ˾ˣԽͨѳ¼Ҳûеġ
еֻÿʮǮǮѡ
֪ڵҲǼˣ
¼ѾԲˣ
ʵҲֻܳԵС棬Ӳ
˾ʵ
Ҳ̫˰ɣһۣܾŹͷˡ
ɵòݵİɣ
¼Ͳˣôʵĸ飬㾹Ȼ˵ݵģбһҿ
ҪݵģһӶʳã
һӳʳã˵ǺܺݵĴˣӶԷû˵ѡ
ʳӦûѳԵַϰɡǵϸѧĩ¼ֺǺǵ˵ѧУʳǴŹء
ҫмŮʣûȥʳóԣȻѷȫˡ
һ˾ͳ˺üǴŹأ
ʵҲ˵ͻȻѳ԰ɣϾѧУʳõˮƽǺȶġزԶĲܳԣ·ֻܿһݵĻˡ
ʳôûǺܲġ
ǸԭϵĲͬˮƽϺ¶ѣ¼Ѿϰˡ
㣬ۺԶڣͬѧԼֶǵȻԣͬѧｨٻСե˶Ըȥɡ
ǴʳģֻҪʳĲˣ˵б֤ˡ
ܳԡ
⼸ʳֻţϲͬҲС
֪ô£ֵƵԽԽˡ
¼Ѿܲˣ
֪컹᲻㡣¼ȥʳÿһ½ĲɫȻپʲô


Ľ ¿졣
¼ʳọ́ʱʳѾʼųˣƾ¼ԶԶؾͿĲɫˡ
ҪǴ˴Ա߹һڰ壬ڰԱдŽĲˣཷ˿г«
ཷ˿ǿԳԵģǳ¼Ͱ˶УֱõԼķˡ
ཷ˿ֻཷû˿Ҳ̫ӵ˰ɣ
ĵľˣкܴܶ࣬飬¼ŷҲǰٷԸȥˡ
θڵһٷˣͺܲģҸ²һ¡
ų¼²ۣͲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϾԵúܺãҲ㣬Ҳܷɣȫ޷ܵ¼ıҰ
Ҳ˵˵ڵĻó¼ҫ
Ϊ˲ᣬԼͬرսͣǶѾƽ⵽ַˣ¼Ȼһ㶼ǵĺ⣬˳һԵʲô
͡
ֲ˰ɡ
󣺡Ҳûʲô
һźŹǣһ޷زʲôţתͷȥҲǹģҪǽ޷̫ˣ
Ǹͺģ֭е̣׷һ裬ζǡкˣ̵Уζر㣡
޷ҲóԣģźŹǣһǽһʰ
źŴŴģȻŹǣ¹һ㶼٣ÿ˶һŹǣŹ涼һ⡣
رһܴӹͷϴое˷ˣʺɽŹǣһó԰ɣ
ôóԵһһزҲǿģȻڸеСز˵ζһ㶼
˿ŴŴɿڵĺټϴ˿ǳóԣ
һ䣬ϾˣһûסȻ˸º˵ԱԼԵǶٷȫһ顣
֪ĿڲžȻôãѳ¼˵ÿˮˣ
¼ĨĨǣƮˣԵôð
ʵҲðɡǫ˵ֻˮƽ϶ѣҲرãȽ绹õģھ˵Щأ
¼ߴﲻˣܺ˺𣡡
УôȥҾҪˣ¼Ҫˣ
ǣ޽һؼң¼˰ҵţ֣࣬裬ǳһ£һҪһ¡
°ְֳ迴һ۶Է֪¼ʲô硣
ѧУ洳ˣ
ɼˣ
˶û˯ڱֻأףҲܷ㣬е䡣
ڳ¼棬̲ס˶ţʲôˣ
Ѿ˺ܳһʱˣѾݱ䵽˷ǳصĵزˡ¼˵úˣǸҲء
°ְֳĶˡ
°ְ֣ʲôֱ˵ɣ
Ӧһô¼һ䣬ֱ΢СҪԼ׼һߣû˵꣬ƾˡ
⻰˵øˡ
ʼˣ˵ҪҺ𣡡ǳʲô¶ˣ
¼УǵôӦû֮ǰԲ֣ܶ
°ְܣÿһܶʲôϢһİ֣ʲôûУҽ㵽׸ʲô£
¼һӣҪҿɾͲ˵˰
ವӣ°ְ⿴žеϽס˵׷ʲôˣϲأԷûҽԺ
¼
ǲǶʲôᣡ
㿴ô
¼ҸôǸʵʳˡ
ѧУ˸ˣ󾪣ʸˣ
¼òᱻѧɣ
ûأ¼һȫ˵ˣĥĥ䣬ҪϷͥˣѧУʳʳԽԽˣཷ˿û˿ϴۣûԣܲܶҵ㻨Ǯȥ򷹳ԡ
ԼԲĽȣҪ㻨ǮȫСˡ
ǳ¼ӳ°ְָ˳¼һЩǮǮȥԷʳ飬ʿʦ
°ְó΢ţǵļҳȺ@ʦһ¡
ôһʣȻըЩǼҳ¼ѧеѾͷԼ򷹳˺óʱ䣬еȻʳóԣǼĺѾӦ˺öˡ
㣬ʦҲû˯Ⱥôҳۣͳһ¡
صأʦҲûѧУʳóԷҲǺ˽⣬ȥ쵼ѯһ¡
˽ˣȺ֪ͨġ


68 
ʮҵʱ, ڶйˣҲ඼Ҫ˯ˣҪȻڶ
һЩҹè, ǲҪϰļҳĵ
мҳ˳ᵽǼ, ǼˣҲǼۣʳÿҲǿ˿˺ǵĻʳѡ
ϾѧУÿҲհ˿Ǯ, ʳҪƳɱҲû취˰ɡ
иӱСԷˣҲ˵ˣǼҺСԷĻʳҲˣʳòǸ
ҳǲ֪˺ܾá
ȵһ༶ȺϢ99+ĴʲôҪ, һֱǰ, Ȼ󿴵һ
ʼҳǻʳõ, Ǻ⽥ؾ, Ļⶼ˳Ǽȥġ
˵ѧУ, СĻʳˮƽ½, Ļʳˮƽʼ½ˡ
û취Ǽ, ʲ, ɱߣҪǲŵ㣬Ĺôѽ
ҳҲһʱˡ
Ҳͬ, ҺǼҷڹȶӱȷС
ȻСȣ۸˶֮һ
СһֻҪ˰٣ܰæΣС¹СһһǧֻԷ
Ǯֵ
û˼ǼˣɸǳԵģûб仯
ͳСϰģ¸ѧڻǱ

¹ԭҰ߿ûܵʲôӰ죬ʵϣܵӰˣɱһǼۣţҲǼۡ
ʵ¹ԭҰҲǼۣȻС
˵ʱͺʹˡ
ҪҪˣ¹ԭҰ˫۷ſգһѾ¹ˡ
Ϊ˽Լ֧Ժֻٳһ뷹ˣ
ٳһ뷹ʡǮܼʣһٶã¹ԭҰô͸˲أ
ƿֻƱ˵ǵ˹ȵףеӵˣҪ֧Ʊˡ
Ҳ֮ġ
Ҫǻ¹ԭҰҲôġ
׷ӣҲġ¹ԭҰҲҵ˵ֻ۾дŲţұдŹ֡
ҪǸ˦ңҾҪÿ
¹ԭҰﻰ
ʧЦ˶ϷȻϣϵʱϣϵʱ򣬻Ҫ˵ġ
ĻҶѣȵϷ˺С¹ҪǾӪƿ˱˹žˡ
˹¹ԭҰ϶ǣһ㷴ӦûУǶ̥˾ýʲô𣿡
˵¹ԭҰϷȤûˡ
Ǹʲô
ء¹ԭҰڴ̱ãԹȡʲô֣Ǹر⡣
¹ȡֵʱͦף¹ԭҰһ飬¹־ͳˡ
ʱûм¹ԭҰĪ;úӦý¹ףָ˼֪ǰͰ𨿪Ц˺ӣͰ˵ϴյһһ֡
ʱҲһ˵ˣ뵽ԺĻкӣ
Ѳɰ¹׵ɰ¹
Ǹ
¹ֵͦõģ֣¹¹֣¹¹ǿպϣô˸أ
гɰ¹˭֪㺰˻¹
¹ԭҰͷˡ
ȰҲϣ̥ͷվͺá
ôС¹ԭҰһµˣһˣȻǵȻһһŹƽ
˸գֽʲôأ
ӷ˵ȡΣС¹ɴӸĸ˵϶ְ̥ܲܶɡ
ҪǶ̥ԼǸô죿
ԭͰҰ
һʣµһҲǿԵġ
취ͦã
ҾҲҪˡǽʲôģϾ¹ԭҰƤҲʵڣС¹ʱʹͲںˡ
Ҫǳֵ֮½еܲˡ
¹ԭҰǸںˣ
ȻˣֳҲġ
Ͳ֪
˵ģ϶ǽаԭǰҰǰԭǰҰ𨶼ϲ
¹ԭҰŲ࣬ѡһҰɡ
ˣСҲð죬ͽС
СС¹ɣ
¹¹СС¹īССڣҰССС¹ͻȻ֣ôôг
С׻СҰžһˣǡ
¹ԭҰСҰŲС¹ͳһС׵ĻǵС¼Ĺʲô
Сס
ͶСˣ
ҲС
¹ԭҰ뵽õСԺ󣬾СС¹ɡ
ʵСС¹СҲر¹׾ͦϲġ
ŰĶƤͣؽСС¹ǹɻϲͣð
ǵûд¹׵Ϊֹ֪е˵˭
¹ҲĶôûдȻɵر¹ԭҰúܳɷܹȥˡ
ȲǱְֺƵ¹ж¹ԭҰС棬˵СӪյ鲢Ǻܵġ
Ҳ˵ˣǼ飬ĳûô
СͲͬˡ
Ҫ֪ȻȡòһС̫ϸ㣬ʵСǲġ
ȻָС¹ԭҰСЩṩϢѧϰС¹ԭҰСľ˼ֻһԷĵطˡ
гС¹ҿ͵ֻС¹Ҳ͹ݣҲûʲô⡣
С̫һٶѧʦ߸󷹵İֻ̾ǳԷĻһѧͣһҡ
Сѧһ´ѧʮ죬ÿͣƽһʮһǮҡ
һʮһǮһͷѧУһ㣬һٶѧһһٷĳɱܻû¹ԭҰʮѧĳɱࡣ
˵Ǻܴˡ
Ǽ֮ǰǼ֮󣬲ǮһǮѾˣС̫ѹһӾͱˡ
ʦ̵ĹڷǱ߷ˮҲڽ߲Ǯǡ
ʼˮ
Ϊ˱ԭеǿʼǽ
ûкʳģ̾ǼٺãҲ治οҲʦġ
ۿʣʣѧԽԽ࣬С̫ʦҲÿ쵽˳Էʱ䣬Ҫʳöţôʣ
˸ҡ
ûǸͳδpy׵Ǹֵĸ꼶
ʳǺܺˣԵÿģûԶҲ֣һ׷һײˣ¾ȥһ뻹ڶ롣
ֻ󲿷Сѧܵ˻ʳˮƽ½˳Էˡ
СѧСҲ״
мҳʦòô¡
ʦҲǸкܶˣװ͹ȥˣ˼˵һٶӣÿӵĿζһ
˵óԣǸ˵óԡ
ֻܹ󲿷ֵˣ϶Сֵǲġ
ʦǸˣȻû˵ֻ֣˵ÿζηҪ̡
ôһ˵˵ϼҳǶܱȰ
С̫ļҳܱҪΪߴ󲿷ּҳûʲôϵֻʦ
С˵ʲôֻʦ˵ǿɲʦ˵ʲôʲô
ʳô˿϶ûмԼĺóԣʳҲ֡
ѧʳþͲ
¼ǰܶҳӦ⣬ǰξȥˡ
ʳõǸУ¼ǰҲΨһһӦˣУȥʳǱߵˣֱӻش
ʳõÿܲ˵Ҫ˹ʳòŻᰴղ˵ġ
ΪֲĿȱʳðԭ˸ĳ˼ˣˡ
ʱ伦ȣᣬ飬ֵƵʾͺܸߡ
ʳò˵Ҳкܴı仯ҲǴӼеĲɫѡȻֻģžǻƵ̫ˡ
ȻһĲɫһھͻΡ
˵˼ȣᣬȻϱˣķһζҲһ
ѧǾͳˡ
飬Ӧѡǻ㣬ǿԲȥֱ֮ܳԵġ
ҳǵĵⲢ֡
ѧУڼҳĿлͦȨģټѧУʳȷʵûгּҳĵԴγõ⣬ԼҳǺܿͱˡ
С̫ȴסˡ


69 
ʦ˵, û⣬ʵҲû⣬ʵ˺ȡ
һλҳʱ, ʦ˵Ǻ, ƷƷое֣һʱ֮, ҲΥ͵ĵط
ֱȥԼӻؼҵʱһɢ֪ԼΪʲôˡ
ǼҺӲʳ
ܲʲôԣ㳴ˣ⺢ӾŶܳһ뷹Ҳ˵С̫ķ˲ó԰
λҳе㻳ɣҸڵڶȥǱ߿
һɣڸȥС̫, С̫ķ˶Ļ, Ǽ򵥵, ӼӸ, С̫ķĻ, Ҫʦˡ
λҳǲŵȥ, кӶǲʱѧģʳ漷, ſڵʦ˵ͷ, ˵һԭ򣬡ɡ
ʦıֲû쳣λҳҲ΢ġ
ûмɫ֮ǰ, 
С̫ʳãڶĺмҵԼ֣λҳɸԼͬʱźۼƳһ۲ɫ
ܲɽҩ㣬һײˡ
źǴȷʵֳָȵС㣬ݣƬϡϡġ
³ǲ֪ģƬһ⣬ƬԽ˵Խʣͬʱ۸Ҳߡ
е˼ϲƬԣЩ˼Ҫ۵ģһ㣬Ӧÿʲô
Ĵ㣬ȴר۵ĳԷ
ΪʣƬԼˡ
λҳһ۾Ϳˣ۸񲻳ǮһǲгͷҲû֣ÿҲֻһΡ
ײˣڵİײһһײ˾͹ѧˣкܲɽҩܲҲ಻飬ɽҩһҡ
߲˾۸λҳͲ˵ʲôˣϾ˹úʲôҲҪġ
߲Ǯʡ˸ӳԺһ㰡
㲻ҪرʣһɣôϸݵĴ㣬ûʲôⰡ
λҳʹôһСѾкȥˣûźҲ˸Ӧûڵġ
ɫ˶ϲοء
λҳûбʾʲôֻȰ£Լҹŷԡ
˶ûأͿüСһʹչˣֵɣǽһ۲
ֲ˼˵λҳͺԼ˵һ뿪ˣ֮ǰƬ
λҳʵС̫һġ
ΪǰʦϹ׶԰ģСѧʦֺʦʶƽʱһʱʦﻹһʳ
ٰʱʲôˮҲеġ
ȻΪסﺢӣʦƽʱԺӵʱ򣬶Ǻ׵ģǼҳҲ⡣
λҳȥ΢źʦһ£ĵʱҲעԼ뿴ʦ᲻ȡʲôʩ
ֹ˼죬λҳû˼ȥʶģһ༶ĺӼҳȥһ¡
ǻƹϣӣһɰ
ɰͦõģԲԲһԵ̵࣬ĴлӺͻƹʵҲԣвٺúɰ׷ϡ
ˮƽҳʵˡ
ǲ֪ܲһֱס
Ҳû취ÿӺ˽ⲻ
뵽ȥ꿴һεѣҲߵССϰǰ췹˵ͼƬ
С̫ҲôĻǲǺܺ
źʦһ¡
ʦ˶ҪˣҪô
ÿôæûʱŪʦһھͻؾˣʵ˵ҲûдԼҲдһ꼶Ҫע꼶״ȷʵæ
Ƭʱ䶼ûУҲڡ
ʦƵҪԭ򣬻ڷ档
Լȷ˵ʱҲǱ֤һ磬Ȼʳﲻ˾ˣûпһĽô
Щɫͺأÿĵֻ棬ֵֻ½һΡ
Ҫǣʳûʳˮƽֿʼ½ˡ
ƬǲֱԱ
ʦɵ˲ŸԼ鷳
ʦ鷳Ķ㲻
ȻˣһͱģʦʳõķˮƽԽԽ̲ˣҳ̲ˡ
ԽԽļҳ֪飬ҰԼ̬ȣʦʳûиƵĻǾҪǮˡ
ǲ˻
ʵû취ˣʦֻܽģҰռҳǵҪÿ춼ѺӵĳƬȦ
ɾѧҳҹ˵ҪǮ顣
ҳҲɵģҲʦ̬ˣʦʱ򣬲ʦĲģǶѾ˲úӼС̫ˡ
ǵΪ˵ǵʦٰѺȷӲᱻʦ鷳
ʦ鷳ǴСЬ飬˶û취οӡ
С̫ʧ˺üԴЩԴȥأ
϶ҪҲϰడ
ż֪ļҲϰãȥһݣݾСѧԱߣļҲϰãļҲϰ಻УӦ
ݾǳ衣
Ҳûв˽ֱ׵ؾͺ˵ˣҪҪʲôͱ˵ǳɼҪϰĻԼϰһʦʮѧ߳ɼǲҪġ
˵ǸҸҵĵطֵĳɼԵĻĸ඼Уûʲô𡣡
ֵĳɼеƫϣҵٶȻԣҲɣճ˵ģҸ縨඼С
һǸĻʳҲС̫һǿô죿
Լĵ˵ˣʵи뷨
С̫飬Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ʵûԷһ³衣
ͦõģؾûԷܿһε¼ĵС̫ϿΣʲôӰ춼ûС
ȻͰС¹Сˡ
ͨ裬ЩС̫˳ļҳҲ֪С¹СĻʳ
鶵תת¹ԭҰֳ˹ϵ
ҳǶٶе뷨ͷ͸Ǳߣϵ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰʲô鶼ûɣڼٽֻȻš
ϵ¹ԭҰ֮ǰǰҳѾ˽⵽¹ԭҰߵ¹ԭҰǼ۶ǵˣȻԼ˵Լ
ϾʲôǼˣСǼҲӦõġ
Ͼʳˮƽء
¹ԭҰȦƬǿȫˣֻ÷ǳˡ
ʵЩͼƬǶеԼˡ
˳һᣬԼһʵĺһ߸߸˵˵ģֻҪ¹ԭҰǸһ٣ǱҲܽܡ
Ǽ۵ĻѾǰˣ
¹ԭҰʼ
Ȼûǡ
߸ѧĻ϶£Ӿ͸㶨ˡ
¹ԭҰ˱ˣͰ߸ѧͳͳˡ
ѧһһһǧ
¹ԭҰֺܿ죬ȰѴӦĻȥ֮ͻȻ뵽㲻ȥͬǽǣ
òаɣ
תͷһ룬ڣЩԼģ¹ԭҰûܶĶԲ
¹ԭҰذǮҿվݣǺӹԷ֮˳վݡ
С̫
·˼ʲôĲù
ҵʲôģб¾ɣ
¹ԭҰöߵֱеʲô
ǹ˼죬С̫йӺӵʦͿǶߵĺӣѧȻֱȥС¹С
ȻС¹Сſûƣžһƽƽңô֪ܲ
ǡ

ͻȻϬ
Ȼһ㣬ʲôʦ飬ǴҲûʲôϵ
Ͼÿ¹ʾôһ㣬۷ǹʲǣǷݹΨһõĵطڼڶ࣬ѧУߡ
һʮʮѧҪҵҪѧΣһ˸ס
ϰ࣬ĸţܸٳ
͵͵ǣټѧֵľˡ
ΨһźľߵĲǼͷƽʱԵǼˣҪȻ͸ˣ


70 
Ǹ꼶ʦ, ַѧҲС¹Сķ߹ȥʦ˳Ͱֽй䡣
ϸడ
ֿʦ, Цһ£ʦãڻûбࡣ
豾ּ, ˵ĻΪе
ֵĳɼмƫ, Ըܹ, Ҹдҵĵطĸ඼ν
ȴ㡣
ڻСѧмƫ, ǵ˳أ˸дѧأ
, ½ͿСѧϰô
迼һ죬ԼϻԴ֡
ʦʣ, ȥԷ𣿡
ʦͦϲСŮģԸ, 鷳һúܿɰ, ͸ϲˡ
С̫йģʮǴʮѧ, ȫһ, һʲôأ
ѧ棬סһѧʮĽ
ǰС̫, һֱʦŵģǷݽҲʦģһߣҲʦĽ
ʦϡ
⽱һѧڲʮǮƽһҲͼǮпܼǮûУʦȥˡ
ٵʦȥ׬Լ۱ȹ⡣
ڵֲ豻ĸĵʦǹȻ˳ȥȫΪʦԼ
ÿĲԽԽѵ
ʦԲ£ԼԺѧԲ²ֻܶſ
˵ʦҲˡ
Ҳ͸ʦ˼仰ģʦĻػص˽ġ
ʦֵԴڴһǸգЯѧġ
Ȼ꼶ѧе㲻̫ˣǳܱûǳԺãǻᱻϹġ
Ҳϲܻᷢʦˣллʦʦټ
ʦںͷֽС¹Сջߣͬ
ǵĻǸղֽȥǸС
츺һ꼶ж꼶ʦѾȥˣʣµľǽ꼶ʦʦԼ꼶һ꼶ķʦ
ʦǸֵģȥܰԣʵҲܰԣʦѧȥϿεʱСѧ䡣
ȣĵ꣬ˣܹʹ̼ңǻҲԹ
֪ļҵãóԣļҵÿزʲô
˽⣬һҵûԹǼҵС¹С
С¹ССѧУûʲôʦûô˵ģǽ꼶ķʦйڳĸ
μʱ˵졣
ʦҲӽȥ˼ΣȻͻ˽С¹СһЩЩѾʱˡ
Ϊʦ̵һҲֻϸѧڳԹС¹Сÿزͺ跹ѧûȥ
ټС¹СֲڶС¹СҲ˽ÿʲôѡ
Ϊ¹ԭҰȦûرƵģǺѣҲܵȥȦݡ
һҲ֪¹ԭҰ΢źţûϣֻÿ쿴¹ԭҰȦˮˡ
ʦʱ򣬴ǰһ֪¹ԭҰ΢źţͲһ£þܸʦ
ĽͿ˼ͼƬʦ³֣ÿԵҲ̫˰ɣ
⿴Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
ⲿֳַǳƯĺɫⲿ־Ө͸ģûһ˿У˵ǱܳԷˣԷˣҲ̿ˮ
Եôãշѿ϶ܹ󡣡ʦһ£̫
ôһײͣӦǿԴճһ±زˣһȣʮӦܹ򵽣ͷѲͺзѡ
һٷҪʮˣٷʮ
ʦĹÿҲһٶ࣬ôԵĻĹʿ϶ⲻס
Ǯĵطడˮζÿ춼ҪԵѾΪϰˣʳأѧıرǱزٵġ
·ҪֵܵͣǮͺױƷƷҲǸ谡ȫٷ滨˿ɲУ
ÿٷҲʮʮͼƬģ϶ǳԲˡ
ͦģҺѧ˵һ¾Ҫһǧࡣʦһ£һ׼֣һǧɡ
С̫Ļʳһ²٣ⶼ屶ˣ⻹ѧͣǹˡ
ٿ˼ҵʳˮƽԱһ£С¹С󣬻Ƿǳˡ
ҲӰʦ΢һÿ͵ƽշѣó˵
ʦ˵ͷҲôá
˵˵ţʦʦʼÿϧˣС¹СôרѧӪҵأ
С¹СҪԸӴ˿͵ĻֻѧʦͷʦҲܴԼѧæܸʲôġ
ܹܹԵڣֻܸɿˡ
ʦ̾һˣҲԲҾͲˣˣȻΣҴҪҪһ𣿡
ʦͼƬˣϾͰˡ
ʦһ£оҲܲӣȻʱҵһݡ˵ţʦ̲סֻϵʼҸʽζĲ˵ͻȻҵ໹ḻİ
ֻ˫ƴŷʲôУرࡣ
ṩͼƬһһˣʦǿҲԣǸоҲѡ˫ƴ˫ƴ
ʦҲ֣Ҳѡ˫ƴ
ѧ˿Σʦͷʦ˿ξ͵˫ƴСǲŵ͵ģ͵ʱ򣬴ҡ
ʮ˫ƴѡϡ
ʦѡʦѡˮϾ׼ҪˣһٷʵӦǵ緹
ͼƬôˣʵӦҲȥɡ
һڴ½һ룬ûдˣǺͼƬϵֲܴ󰡣Ƿ˺ܶࡣ
ȻҲܺóԣǺеζһ
ʦ̲סִ¹ԭҰȦͼƬ·һ߳ԣһζ
e
󲻳
ȻҪ׿ڳԹ֪
С¹СʲôʱܹٴνӴɢͣ
ģֻʦһȻá
ʦûгԹԣҲֻһʱʱ䲻ԼͻˣúȻǶ˰ѧˡ
ϰС¹СĻʳˮƽˣٻؼҳԲţе
ǻȻٶٶǴͣʱ򣬴ʵҲô£ʢǷʢˣǺó԰ɡ
ǿ
Ǿͳ˸į
Ӻͷ¿ӣȻǺܶˣǸоԼƽʱճԷûʲô̾˿ͺܺԼˡ
˵ˣСĻͿһǮȻˣǰðѷ˴һԡ
õǵһСķ˴ףĥĥ˺óʱ֮󣬵ȵѧ֪֮СӴɢ͡
Ҫ뷨ʱѾˡ
Ҫǵ࿼ôһ㣬ٿôһ㣬ڿѧ֮ǰʵϢĻС̫󣬲ԸñҲܿһǮٴҪǮ
ܱ˰
ڡ
ʳһ׳ˣ۸ǡ
ǰ극СʳǱˡ
뵽þ̲ס쳤ХΪɶСڱ˰
ϰǮ׬ɵ𣡣
ܾһ֮þͲ˼ȥˣȻҲ֪ȥĻٷְܹϡ
ΪʳڻһλãĻ
žҪˣ
ûаΣУĿѾͣڵ£δ
¸ѧڣ
һԱģ


71 
ѧѾм, ڵǺ䡣
С¹ϴģѧУĻɫް, ʽͨ㲻Ϻÿرʵ, Ҳܱů
¹Сһ꼶ն, Բ, ·ĺӰǵȣʲôܳٶ۵ӡ
˵жɰˡ
ͬĶС, ر, ˣ
¹ԭҰҲһںԺһ, ̫ůů¹ԭҰöҪ˯ˡ
˵ӺҲһʱûɹ, ˯оûô
¹ԭҰ۾־Ŭشߴ¹ԭҰȥɹ, ȴ¹ԭҰ
ɹʲô̫ɹԼ͹ˡ
̫ôһ붼վ
һǱ, һԼ, ¹ԭҰ˰죬ѡȥɹӡ
Ǽų̂Ҳɹ˱, Ҫɹӣ˶¥֮⣬ֻǰźͺԺܹɹˡ
Ժ¸Ѿ·ֻʣǰţ¹ԭҰűص壬ȥԼ䣬Ͱǵ
̰ĵ¹ԭҰһӶȥΪĿԣΣԡ
һԱͱˣһһŪɡ
һԱȻһˣӣ¹ԭҰͿǰ·ˣ¥ҪһŻ
ôĺ˵
¹ԭҰԼʲôûе϶ǣԼҲ̲ס浽ǲж̥ˡ
̥ôãһ㶯ûС
͸¹һһģһװ˸̣ɻ̥ʮ£¹һ㶼û
̥һΡ
¹ԭҰ˳ɾҪҽԺһ£ҲֱС¹ˣŷԼԭǻˡ
ڶͷʱ¹װһȵµˣһͿʼˣܸоڲԼûֹľ
¹ԭҰиоζ̥С¹
ܻӻá
ػˣ¹ԭҰѼڸǵıȫɹȥˣô·еˣԼþãһζûĳ
˼һ£ӢҪߣһУױݾ£źᣬŮ˹¹ԭҰ·
͸оûкӵӣǹӦƸİɣҲ˵׼¹ԭҰ͸ָ˸·
ӢģسǱȽİɣʦǴСѧʦ˺һ֣ΪʦֻһÿҲѧʦ̵úòãѧ׾ܿ
һһѧڣٶн
¹ԭҰΪǸͨ·ˣָ·Ӧ˵ģû뵽ԷһԥˣǸǲ¹ԭҰ
ô֪¹ԭҰһ֣Ů˳úİ¹ԭҰٷְûм
ǰСѧģǸŮֲһ㣬¹ԭҰе㻳ɣòͬѧɣ
¹ԭҰ֮޷ȷֻΪʱھԶѾǲСѧʱˡ
Ȼرشĳ⡣
꼶ʱһתѧ꼶ʱŮŹȻͷĴ¡
¹ԭҰһǸŮ˵ĳ࣬ȷˣ벻ǡ
ǽɰ㲻ǵˣǸ꼶ʱ򣬺ܣͷ˵Ǹ
¹ԭҰ
ǵõǼǵãǻϲ
˭뵽棬СӣܰͷƵļСӣ֮ȻôƯ
صǣôϳ¹ԭҰġ
¹ԭҰСѧʱݰͰ͵ģڳô֣ɾȻҲܰϳ
˵ͽɵĹϵҲ԰ɣҶһ棬ɴͷǸ¹ԭҰķС
ɰ¹ԭҰСͷ֮󣬽ɼҳҽҩѣ¹ԭҰСһʳ
ʱôһʳǴ˼ˡ
ƾŷС֮Ĺϵ¹ԭҰر࣬ǽһҸ
ʱ޲÷Сͷÿ춼ܱһΡ
ôܲǵã仯Ҳ̫˰ɡʱգ¹ԭҰɼǵõԽɵĸм
лɰѷСͷƣôʳԡ
ˬʵЦһ£˵ңⲻҲǣҲûϳ㣬ǰᵽס𣿡
ţ˷أȥӢӦƸ𣿡¹ԭҰʵ
ɻش𣺡ûУȥҼҺӱġ
Ѿкˣ¹ԭҰе㾪ȣɼȻȥӢ˵ѾСѧˡ
¹ԭҰѧҵ¹ףٶѾǺ֣ܿû뵽ɵٶҲ
԰Ѿ꼶ˣʵ顣˵ӣɾе㷳գʵСѧʦȷʵǺܺãҺӸϰ
ڶѾ꼶ˣѧһʮ֣һȻʮ֡
ξϳ꼶һ͸Ӹˡ
ɱΪƾСѧѶȣԼͿˣûҪӱ࣬ڿ١
صӢܲܰѺӱȥúòһ»Сѧ꼶üЩûбҪ¹ԭҰ˵ˡ
أк𣿡
аСѧһ꼶¹ԭҰһ£ٶȲֻǲ˵Ǻܿ˰
ͽͬ꣬ǶԷĺȴ¹״һ꣬˵Ҳڴѧʱϵġ
ѧҵ֮ǰͰѺˣѧϰޣЧʣ˶ϲϰ
˼䣬ɿ˿ʱ䣬ûк¹ԭҰ˵ˣҪȥӢǱߵʦ˵ԵĻȻȥӺӣѧֱ͵
߻Ҫȥ£Ǿټˣ´İɡ
ţ´ġ¹ԭҰվеᣬͶԷ˶Ի֮󣬾ȲػغԺˡ
ʵԷ˵Ӣ¹ԭҰҲ֪
С¹СѧѧϰϵĻҲ͹ȥС¹ͽȥӦûġ
ΪӢʦǼݹϵ¹ԭҰСѧ꼶ʱӢճûãӢһѧڣѧֱӴӰʮ˾ʮϣ֮ĳиУѧѧƣɼձĿҪá
Ǹʱ¹ԭҰģŵϹ¹ԭҰɵģǸʱѧУ飬ڵĻ
Ӧ֮ð츨ˣ¹ԭҰǵ¹˵
Ϊ˽ͬѧ¹ԭҰϻһ¹ȥȥ顣
һ˻˳ģΪŮε֣Ůξ¹ԭҰ㣬ǸϽʦŮ
Խ˳ذŮͽȥˣӢҪȥʵӺӣȻѺ͹ϰ
Ů극ʱ򣬾Ϳ¹ԭҰҴſţöԷмżСѧ
¹ԭҰڸ̬ͣɲµ¹ԭҰĹʲôˡ
Ӧǿ͵İɡ
ŮҲûгҪˡ
˾ʹŮ¹ԭҰңһȥое֣Ҳû룬Ŵ򷹵İǰˣһͰ˺ͷˡ
ѧһģһײͣҲ
ɾʣô
ʣµĲ̣ĸѧûԷŰǵķãһߣͿȥѹвӶϴɾˣһ°ˡ
û뵽Ĳ΢һЩʣһ㡣
̾ŰѲýȥڳԵǼ˷ˡ
ÿ˷һЩЩʣĲžܽˡ
ɾʱʵ̡
ʹ¹ԭҰѧ˴𰸣˼Сǿ͵꣬ЩѧͶ˵ġ
еΣһ£Ų̋⼸ݷǺܲ
ȷʵҲˡ
رǿ̶ûˣ滹кЩ˵ʱðͨһҲпܵģͺ˵һ¡
ͨڵܹͨڣ̲ϰ尡ԼĻ̾ˡ
Ұһϰɡ
¹ԭҰڳ̺ͽɵһۡ
㰡㺢𣿡
Ů֣к¹壬к
У֣ܽ˳˵һ¹á
̰˵ˣ¹ԭҰЦһ£ʲôѽǾֱԺˣ͵ͬѧ͡


72 
Ͳ˽˳, е㺮ᣬ¹ԭҰȥ˰ɡ
ϾҲǾñطͬѧóʣʲô, ʵеⲻȥ
ȱģʳˡ
¹ԭҰ˵žҪȥˣſˮĽɸֹ, òãǳЩͿ, ¹ԭҰҿɾ˰
⻰ʵ⣬ûаˮ֡
Ҫ֪ղŽʱ򣬾ŵ˵ķ, ʳãǹɷζŨˣɸղžˡ
¹ԭҰôִţҲͷˣصӼԷ
һ߳Էһ߸ɽܼ, ǰ, Ҷ󣬰𨡣¹, Ҷ, ¹ס
Ȼ¹׽ܽɣǰСѧͬѧ, С¹㺰̾ͺˡ
ҲǽԼŮŮ֣ܽܽܽͺˣԺл, һ档
ô˵ڲͬѧУһҪϰ浽һļʺС
ֻ˽ʳ޲ʵϣȴϲڷҳ
ɱģû뵽겻ͬѧվȻôõģ򵥵ˣһþȻôóԣɶûסѷ˳Եøɸɾ˵еδ
ֻǽɣܽܽҲϲͬѧķˣȻڷû˼˵ǵȵ극֣ܽȥӢʱ·ܽܽĵض˵ˡ
ҵķ˺úó԰
ôϲ𣿡ɹܽܽıһ£ߵܽܽ˽·治˵ҪȻȥҳԷˡ
֣ܽĻڽɵ·涯һ£첻˵ɻΪǾܾˣȵӢſڣ֣ܽͻȻ˵һá
ɲûףһ֣ܽ˵ʲôãͺ֣ܽЦѣûĴ֣ܽȥԷû뵽֣ܽȻôϲ
֣ܽӢϰԺӦҲӢԣɺ֣ܽһ£֣ܽû֣ǽİţС鿴žͲǺܿĵӡ
֣ܽȥӢʦ֣ܽдЩӣҪ֣ܽĵףȻٿŸ֣ܽŲϰ
дӣѾһСʱȥˣӢʦõϾͿһ飬ˣ֣ܽϿΣߵ¿Ρ
кҪһ㣬ﲻģӿʼΪ˷ٹ
ûϵǵ˵ͷʾԼˡ
֣ܽҪʼϿΣѾ⡣
ͬѧǿС
Ƿǲ
ܽܽá
ǸеԸ뵽ϾȥִУ¹ԭҰһ飬ϾͰź֣ܽĳԷ顣
֣ܽе¶ģԱߣøʲô͸ʲô
ӿ˵Ǻͽȫ෴ˡ
ǽɸһ飬֣ܽԭϾͿ¹Էˡ
֣ܽû˵С͵֣СǶر跢ˣ֣ܽ굽·棬ÿˡ
С¹СһҲˡ
ĿǰΪֹС¹СѾʮѧԷˣ¹ԭҰһµ룬Ѿǹȥֹˡ
С룬¹ԭҰܹһĿڡ
ΨһյľǣĶ̥ʲôʱ
˶СС¹¹ԭҰ¹õЩӤӤʲôҳˣ¹Ҳ˲١
ʲô׼ˣ͵Ŷ̥ء
¹ԭҰ׼ôණ𨵹еᡣ
֪ҪҪ߷飬ЩӤӤʲôģ̥ò
˺þãסˣ¹ԭҰס𨣬Ѻ˵ˡ
ڶ̥ѧԼ֮ǰ᱾ܵάС¹ӣȵ̥ѧԼҪһҵʱ䡣
һ˵꣬¹ԭҰĬһ£𨵣ĵؿ¹ԭҰܲһֱš
Ȼ¹ԭҰͲ
ܽˡ
Ҫ֪ӤȻܿɰҲǺħĺô
չ鷳
鷳ʱڣ̥άС¹ӣǲ˵¹ԭҰ͵ˣ
¹ԭҰðһţһ¹ԭҰſ˿ڣҾֻһ⡣
¹ԭҰ˵
ʱ̥Ҫ𣿡Ҳ֪ӤֽܸܲС¹ãܵĻ¹ԭҰҪô죿
Ҳû˵С¹Ҫֽ򲼰
ѲԼ
ǸѶǲе̫ˡ
𨣺
ҽ˰죬˾Ȼ
÷û̥ҪȻɽҲ֪Ҫôˡ
ڰĵģ¹ԭҰʾǴ
ǻ˸С¹
ֲǵһ֪Ȣ˸¹ģ֪Ｘˣôܻ
ҾӦôҰ軹¹͡ǿɶ¹ԭҰ·ݵʱ򣬼Ӧö˸СӤ
¹ſ̥βͣ˾һûܾˡ
¹׼չ¹ԭҰӣȻֶûУչ˶̥¹ְҲڴ
ˣ¹ס
ΪֹɾõܴܵĶٹ¾ͿԼˡ
¹ԭҰܽܳСβ͵СӤһܽ/ܵ/ֶӱһֻƯС¹
¹ԭҰԶֵ̥ǳţ
Ǿ֤ġ
¹ԭҰҲ뿴ţҲͰһУ¹ԭҰ˺ܾöû취ֻܵȶ̥
̥ʲôʱѽ
ûж̥һ졣
Ͷֻ̥С¹⣬ûѵ¹ԭҰ
ĸԣֱ˵¡
ʲôΪѵģֲǲ֪ɽ񣬸ʵȻǵʱʵ¡
ǰͺΪѣʱе㲻ȡ
¹ԭҰȰһ£ûȰе㵣ˣʼҪҪҸͰͨðԲ˯ã˶һ㡣
ڿأ
ͺƽʱһҹ˯أͻȻʶ˹廹ûѣ¹ԭҰ۾˯ֶһ£ͻȻһů**Ļӱʲôʶ壬ȫˣ¹ԭҰһƱѡ
һֻС¹˯ء
رСرɰһֻͺ¹ԭҰ֮ǰһֵرߡ
Ȼ۾ûǿ۷ô֪۾һܴ
ͷûǣ¹ԭҰ֮ǰϣ֪ճС¹᳤ǣҪһʱ䡣
¹ԭҰϽһİ𨣬۾Ķ̥ʱĽһӶʧˡ
ԼʱĽ굽Ϊʲô
ԭѾо˶̥ҪˣԼû֮ǰѾ˲ǰ־֢
̥ĵʲô־壬ʲôģȫûˡ
˸Ƿ˻ȥѶ̥λãͷ¶˳Ȼ˯
¹ԭҰ˯Լȥϸ˲¹ԭҰƿ£Ƥ
ô̥ˣһ㲻Сģ
Ӳ¹ԭҰ˸ӣǰ̥ڶʱû١
ôܣ
̥ôһô˵Ҳɣ
ûӾȻһ㶼Ʋ
һǻˣ
¹ԭҰϽԼԺ˵ʵѹˤ˳ӵ档
Ҫʼˣ
̥Ѿˣûȥˣ
һ뵽Ҫʼʣ¹ԭҰڱ棬̲ס̾˿
û׼أ
ǰͶûԣҪʼ
¹ԭҰԼѹ˯žʵȴϴʮӾ˯ˡ
һ۾ʱ򣬱ʣһˣӣôԲ¹ԭҰеԺ
ѵ̥˲ʵһ
Ҳе̫ʵ˰ɣ¹ԭҰǵϳӵĺλ֣ôţ¹ԭҰ˳ӡ
иû̫ࡣ
ɣϵĹȻΡ
¹ԭҰʱ䣬ƽʱ˰Сʱ΢е֣С¹ôû
ƽʱ΢ʮӣС¹Ằ͵ģôûУ
¹ԭҰе֣·¥ȥˣʧٵİС¹ȫڳ
¹ԭҰΪεĶ̥Ҳڡ
֮ǰ׼õƿС¹Ȥظ̥ιء
¹ԭҰľԭϷһжģΰ


73 
¹ԭҰûʽϿʼҪʵļƻ, Ƕ̥ܹһ˵顣
¹ԭҰôһ룬ֿˣյ̥Ա, ҪС¹ƿԼι̡
ûгԹС¹ιأ
Դ֪˵֮ܵ¹Ѿһ, ڣһ޶ŵܵܵͷë, һ߸ܵι̡
СģǴ鼫ˡ
ƿһ̣̥ССش˸ãӺǳԱ, ԭתȦ˸ãһӴѹһ׼˷һͷԵ¹ԭҰ
۲˺ܾõĶ̥ˡ
¹ԭҰ˳Ŷ̥ͷë, ָҲ̫˰ɣ
¹ں͵ܵܵ, ϲòˣҪι̵, ܵιһƿ, û񫡣
۰Ͱ͵ܹŶ̥С͵͵ܵܵβͣβһһ, ɰ
¹׶ȥѧˣ
ڼŵܵܣ
ְ֣ܵܳԱûУûеĻС¹԰һƿ̵ģ¹׾Լιһƿ
Ƕ̥Ȼԣ, ڰְֵëñ۾ͷ¹ԭҰϥϣһģȥ˯ˡ
ҲճıҪܳ˯ܳ
С¹ȥѧˡ¹׵ִӶ̥βȻ
Ȼ˳ӵԼ¹ĥĥվԭأǲȥѧ۾ŵܵܣҽٵġ
¹ǰ࣬иûѧҶ֪ô£ʦ˵ˡ
¹׾ôѧܴشӦԼϡ
㲻ԡ¹ԭҰ̵ؾܾС¹
٣¹ԭҰֺһ٣;Լڵļҳ
Ͼ˭ǴǸ͹أ
ܻôһ⣬ѧʱ
ֻһѣôһ֪ʶ㣬¹ԭҰԼڼﶼܸ¹ײˣҪ˵¹׻ѧУ֮ʦǽһ顣
Сѧ֪ʶ㲻ǽһ飬ѧǼס˾˵ġ
ʦڽļڿУظسĿѧǿ֪ʶ㣬ֱˣŻһ֪ʶ㡣
ֻǴһ죬¹׸֪ʶ㡣
Ҫƽʱ¹ĲϿεĻ¹ԭҰ˵Ӧǽ첻
̥ˣܵ취һ¶̥ɡ
¹ﲻæ͵ѧУȥ¹ԭҰͰġ
¹׾ôĹĵعȥѧУһ˫ף͸ĵģ

ο¹ģοˣС¹ôˣ𣿡
ǻλ˼һ£СĲ࣬óģˡ
Ųҡ¹׿ǸúӣСͺﾫôԼأ
ζ𰸣Ǿְִˡְִ˿ʹˣƨɣƺǻ˵Ĳʹ䣬̲סС¹ͬ顣
ҰְҲңС¹ǰְֵСְôܻСأ
¹׷ǳԼڰְĿеĵλǽ飬̫ˣ
Ұְ̫ˣ¹ѧŵˣŭӣҵܵܽˣҰְ边Ȼ٣
ܵܣɻʡ
С¹ܾǰ˵ҪеܵˣΪʱȥ̫ˣζˡ
ʵҪǰְеĵܵĳˣ¹ԼҲ顣
ԣܵܡ˵ܵܣ¹ͻȻûôˡ
ҪСԼɰĵܵܡ
ж˼ôİְ
Ҹ˵һܵˣҵܵرɰ¹ŬرȻԼĵܵܣôһߣرף۾ģһιˣ
ۣ㾹ȻеܵܣΧͬѧˣһĽش˹
Ƕûأ
ֻС¹У
С¹ʼˣŬغʹҽԼĵܵܣ԰еܵˣҵܵܡ
ſĽˣС¹˵ĵܵĺÿɰҲҪһС¹ȥҿܵ𣿡
Ҳ֪ҵܵܲŸճҿ԰һҰְ֡¹״󷽵˵
θ˼ˣС¹ȻǺѣûС¹˭ûӦֻӦһ𣡡ллС¹
ûеܵܵͬѧĽˡ
ǲˣĽС¹ĵܵܵġ
˵ǸСһܵܣǸܵܿˡ
ʲôҪԵְ裬ˣ
ѵܵܶˣ
ȻϲܵܵĻ
һ꼶˸취ѵܵͳȥ
յС¹ԱߣõС¹С¹ϲܵ𣿡
¹׻ش𣺡ԣ
¶ϲĿ⣬Ұҵܵ͸òãС¹ϲϲǰѵܵͳȥС¹ˣҲˡ
žǰְֿ˵˫Ӯɣ
¹ױΪһȥҿܵܵͬѧôܾˣû뵽Է˵ľȻ
СͻȻ˴ʺš
ܵôɰΪʲôҪѵܵ˰¹ȫ޷⡣
ʱǸϵı鰡˵ǷǳˣƲƲ죬һ˵ݸ¹Լʹľ
ͻСǲȫȫûѵܵĵط˵ˣ¹׻ܵ
ȻǲԵģ
¹Ļ˶ˣ
ܾܵȻô𣡡¹ײţһ˫۾¶ͬÿŶ
边Ȼôһܵܡ
жԱȣ¹ϾͷԼҵĵܵжôˣ
ܵܲһ޴֣
رԣ
ܿɰ
Ҳ¹ԣ
ΪܵܳԵʣµ̷ۣ¹׳ţ̣Գ̶̸⣬׷ţǵ̷ֻܾܵܳۡ
ûовȫõġ
Ҳ¹ְ裡
¹׵İְԼܵܡ
¹׽ѧˣһҪؼңһ뵽Լѧְֻ͵͵ιܵܺöƿ̣¹оͲ˽ȵΣУ
Բԣ
ǸҪ͵ܵܵˣ˵˵С¹ôȭͷˣ
ò˰ɣ
е¡
£ѵܵߵͷռϷ磡
Ǹ㻹Ҫҵܵ𣿡ں£˵ˡ
˵˵ţԼʼԥˣȻܵƽʱ˵㣬ϲǡ
ȥС¹Ǳ߰ǲеˣ
һԥͺˡ
ҡһ£ҵܵôһϲģһұˣΪ˸Ͻܼӿ٣˵תܡ
¹׺øԼͰ
ҲŲҪܵأܵôᣬһ㶼ûҵܵܿɰ

¹ȥѧʱ¹ԭҰ˯ŵĶ̥С¹ǰùӤˣӤܴ¹ԭҰ֣ǿ˯ġ
¹˯꣬¹ԭҰ͸ˡ
̥á
ǰʱʰ˶Ϻ̺Ӿܸ̥˯ˡ
¹ԭҰܾúкܶҪ׼룬Ҳ̫ࡣ
Ҫǣôö̥
ܰѺӲصܱ֮ٴҸŷĽھûˣܲİѶ̥һֱŰ
ܵôȥ͸͸һʲôġ
˶ܲڼοСӡ
¹ԭҰĵľ̥ͷƯС¹ҪССèʲôģ¹ԭҰҲģ֣ôèﹷ¹ԭҰѶ̥ȥһ㶼ۡ
Ƕ̥ͷ¹
ô£Ҽ
˵Ǵȥˣ¹ԭҰ͵һĸ˿ˣ˳ɾ͵ð¹ԭҰٱˡ
ٱɣǷҼ
ҪҰٱҲ;ٱ£Ӱ
ǸճСӤ
һùҰѶ̥ˣ¹ԭҰܿ
ʲô취𣿡¹ԭҰԼûˣǸͨͨûôĹϵ˵㵽¹ĸƷ֣
¹ԭҰֻڲٶȡ
ٶ˵¹һʮУйֻʮǱҪ¹Ҳǲܵġ
ϾЩ¹¹Ѫ¹⣬˼˹ֳģ
ڣǼҶ̥Ͱ𨣬һ֣
¹ԭҰֻҳͼƬʼͶ̥Աȡ


74 
̥ڻС, ͼƬĶԱʵڲ¹ԭҰŰ¹䣬ðԭ͸Լ
˰¹, ¹ԭҰͰ׸ˡ
¹¶ȣͷж䣬Ǻѩ, ҲӰ첻¹ů紺
̫ȣһ滹ʣ˼ë, ¹ԭҰѣֻʣһŸоˡ
˵, й¹ҪԱȣҲӦйֲ¹ͷԱȡ
¹ԭҰѱģǱȫԱһ飬ûҵǼҰƷ, û취, ֻܰ¹ҲԱһ顣
ûǼҰƷ֡
¹ԭҰˣԸŹˡ
˵Ͷ̥, ᲻Ѿ˵Ķ¹ԭҰͻ, ֻûзֵ֣
ղž˵ˣͱ¹ԭҰű¹˵, ¹ԭҰ˼
Ҳڵ¹֣ҪȡһֵĻǸȡǰ¹
ɽڹıѾкܶ, дϵʱ򣬹Աרо¹ĽڹϰƷ֡
˺Щ죬ҲûҵƵģڶħˣóĽǣӦǴڹȥѾ˵ģĿǰûбֵ¹֡
ûпŷ֣ҲûʽϿɿֻһЩҰʷһӰӣǾ͸Ʒֵȡһ֣ǰ¹ֲôˡ
¹ԭҰµûҲԡ
¹Ŀǰֻаôһͷһûлʯ֤ݣԹҲûй¹ǲ֪¹Ʒֵġ
¹ֻʣһҪϡ֣ϻûϡˡ
ڻһ̥Ұ
ϡ֣¹ԭҰǾûʸģԡ
ɡóֻ˸绰
绰ͷǸŮԷݣڰ˵ԼҪ֮󣬶Էܿ͸˽
¹ԭҰҪ֤߸ڰͨʵǶ
ڵ绰Ǳ߻ϲ˰ϲùӡ
ףȻͳͳһҪһ£Ƕ̥ϴѾСѧˡ
ԷûԤϵһ㣬ûϵרҵġ
ڶݵ֮ͣܵѯʰ𨣬ҪṩӦѧУ
͵ƾ¹ɽ֮һ㣬¹֮ȥѧУѧûģȻȶ̥֮ĻҲǿġ
Ҳ˽⣬ܹעӵĽ⣬˶˵֮ѯ¹ԭҰ
Ǹʲô
¹ԭҰһ£ԣûбҪڲż
ͷʾףϾ;ܾǱߵ飬˳˵绰
ĹԱлû˵أߵ绰͹ˣԱذѵ绰ŻȥȻûʣ쵼ʵ飬Ѿ֪ˡ
׿ɽְȨɽʵд͸﹤Աˣ˰ɽĴ͸鶼˳
Ա֪ǰ飬ɽǰͻȻ˻٣˵͸ʡŵãʧˡ
һߣߵ࣬ȥµõ˰ɽϢ
ǵʱϵɽˣȻҲȷʵôˣҲϵˣǰɽ˵ڶ¡
˵ʱ޻˵ˡ
ⶼ˰
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ǵĴ͸Ѿ˰㿴ܲܲ㣿
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ָ˳¼٣ȥˣž£ҲӦý˰ɣ
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ӦҪ˰ɡ
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ʱ򽻱ʱ˳쵼һ°ɡ
ʱڰɽҪϲаɡ

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¹βͺͰɽ飬Ѿѵˣ¹ԭҰţһΣҲһܹܿܵġ
¹ԭҰܴ˵绰¹ְ¹裬ܻ̥ؼҡ
¹Ǳߣ¹ԭҰҲ˸绰˵㣬ʲôʱŸ߽鰡
֪¹
Ϊʲôģɽݣǹұ˵ģǹҹԱܹұģ¹ԭҰʲô
ȵȣ
¹ԭҰͻȻûء
ΪԼ˵ˣԭû˵
¹ԭҰڵ绰ͷ˵ˣȻڵ绰˵һ飬Ȼȥ֮󣬻ҪͰ˵һ飬鷳¹ԭҰԸô鷳
Ϊֻ¹
ʶô꣬¹ԭҰ¹ʶûдһҲһģ¹ԭҰĻ¹ȭͷˡ
¹ԭҰܣĶԽһֱΡ
ҲҺͽǳȥȾƣԼһСĺȻ˵©죬⹷ȵܾܵȻôҪ飡
̫Ƿˣ
㿴Լͽ˵ǻؼ֮Һͽ˵¹ԭҰν
¹һ£˵ɣ˵ôͻȻҸˣ
ûҶ̥˰뿴һƬ𣿡¹ԭҰҫ
¹֪¹ԭҰеģҲ߹򣬵ʱǽһ˼Ի󰡡
ͷѾƼﵽ
ǸԻ¹û⿪Ҫ鲻̫˵
¹ԭҰʲôʱˣǰü£Ҳż
¹ԭҰ룬¹Ĵ𰸵ȻҪ
С¹β𣿡
С
תƵ
΢ͨƵѡģܣһ£¹¹ԭҰǾԲõġ
ΪǻԷ΢ƵеĴ
ǻɿɰ¹Ͳһˡ
¹Ȳ΢Ƶˡ
ͨһ˲䣬ɫĻȻ¹ԭҰĴ¹һ˳壬ҶֶأĶҿ
Եһ°¹ԭҰѾͷ׼ӤֶӺÿ𣿡
ӤһֻƯС¹ûСӤ
С¹ڶֶӡ
¹𾪣¹ԭҰȵܵû˵
Ǳֳ𾪵ӣԵúܰ׳գ
ȵȣ
¹۾ɵؿ¹ԭҰܾϤĸо˵𣿡
¹ԭҰǺһЦⲻǹϵҵһ˵ģж𣿡
¹һһֿڱˣڰ칫أȵֿܵң
Ͳܻһ˿
ҵţ°ȥ¹شܻ¹Ҳ֪ڰ칫˵飡
ţﲻסֻһСʱϢʱ䡣
¹ҲҪȥ¹ԭҰˣ
Ұѷ׼ãûѵȵܹܵѵҲܵ緹¹ԭҰǱ߽ˡ
¹˵绰ͬ˵һǶɣҪȥԡ
˵˳΢ţһ½¹ԭҰҵķΣ
ͳˣ
ȥ֮ǰҪҪؼһˣ¹еᣬһμֶӣﲻʣܵ׼ɡ
û
Ҫ͵Ļûȥãһ͹ȥ϶ӦлҪ˵
һȥɣʱộҲʽ
Ҫǣ֪ôͽͶֶͷС¹
ˣĩذҵʱ˵ɡ
˳Ҳ룬ֶ׼ʲôá
¹ԭҰīʱ򣬿ǸһԽӵģ¹񵱳¹һƽҲֶ׼
оӴŻÿɡ
¹Բһ£оܲţ
Ҳ֪ӻ᲻ĻоǺܺÿġ
;ˡ
°֮ȥӰɣʵĻֱҲ˳õѶֶֿȥ
˵ôû°ࣿ
¹nοֻھȥ¹ԭҰҿֶӡ
ղƵ棬ֶӱ۾һֱ˯ϣһ㣬ʱֶѹ
ʱҲֶʶһ¹ùá
¹̵š


75 
¹Ͽر, ѧһʱؼȥ߶ȼУ, ʦѧ֮Ҫе칫̸
Ψһĵģһڿʦã˫۾ضһڵѧʦ
ʦ, ҵ˼
ѧʦ˫֪۾ţͻȻһʹУ, ѧ˺ѧʦô֧ܲأ
ԽԽԽԽ, һûסһڿεݶһ˵ˡ
¿ˣѧʦеղס¹񶼱ˣҪڶͷ, ܹؿ¹׵۾ɺɰ
ʡ
¹֪ÿһ춼Ҫٷ, ǷѧͿԳԷˣܵһҲ, ʦá
ְһԼģ
һ̷۹Ҩһ׵̷, ܵܳ˺ȵġ
ܵôСһƿ̾ͱˣ϶ٺС¹̣
, ʦ¿κòã
¿һ죬ѧʦһ飬ˣȻϽڿβ, ҵʲôģһĥ˼ӡ
¹׼õӶסˣסӵ¶ţڣʦʰŶˣ¹ųվ˹ĥĥͬѧǣ¹ײԹȥˡ
ڵ̬ĸֿꡣ
ŶӳУˣλã¹׶ܺĳΣԼܣʮ͵طˡ
УſںͼҲֻм׵ľ롣
С¹СһѧûʱҲԷ¹׵ŵŵܽٵŵŵܳ裬ܵܺͰְأ
ܵ˯ְڻ·㲻ȳԷ𣿡
ȥܵܣܵܺȹҪҪȥ̣ܵܳ
Ҳ¹׳Էûȣȥһµܵû˵Ļ԰ܵܳһ£̷𣿡
¹ôܲᣬôһСϿʱѾѧˡһƿ̷ۣðְַˮݡ
ôѵõ¹ס
ǻԼ׼͵һ꼶Сأ
N
ܵܣ̾Ա¹׵Ļе棬ǸС¹˳ﹷ
˶ѳﵱɺһԼҺӺﹷܵܣҲǿܵġ
һ㣬¹ԭҰͰҲˡ
һԣһַھӶ֪̥飬ȴûкͽַھ˵ǵڣһֱΪ¹ԭҰơƶǡ
ټ϶̥һҵʱ䲻ˣʱ䣬ֻö̥ίһ£üݡ
֤ھܵ֡
ʱС¹¹װܵˡڣҲΪ֮С¹ʧ׼
̲ס࣬èʲôľͲ˵ˣ¹ȻҲ
¹ǹұ˽Ҳ
Ǽ֤ģ
ҲǣҪǲĻЩ¹Ǵġ
䣬˼ҲѧˣעǱȥˣ˼˷ڳǶԡ
ÿγԷύöණ˼ܱˣϽÿӣ̳ȥ˴򷹡
ͳһԷҲ˵Ļء
̳ȥˣ˼Ͼ¹ˣ¹׺ͳһģ˵⣬¹ҲӦġ
ȴûˡ
μΣС¹ʦ𣿡˼òܰɣС¹ٱʦġ
ǰ༶ʦϲС¹ģû
ûаȥ¥Ͽܵˡξͺ˼һ¹׵ĵܵܣС¹˵Ȼһְ֣˵ҲȥС¹ܵιأ
ʵ¹׸û˵⻰ֻǳθղС¹˵ģżžͼǲˡ
˼һĽˣܸܲС¹ܵι̣Ҳԡ
λش𣺡ҪС¹
˵С¹С¹͵ˣ¹ױְִԷˣȥʱ򣬵ܵѾˣŴ۾Ͱְóġ
¹Ҳ룬ûι̵飬̸ӣðְֲҪ棬ܵҪԷˡ
˵˵ţƹ¹ԭҰȥ̥
¹ԭҰһѾͰץסˣؼϴкܶණմܵϻġ
УܵܵܳԷûУԼû
¹ʵػش𣺡ûУȸܵι̡
Լ˵¹ԭҰ¹׸ȥˣԼҲû¥϶˳˳̥ͷëҲûԹԵ治Ҫ֪ȥ躰档
̥Ĵ۾¹ԭҰԹվԭصӣˣ¹ԭҰʹ򿪷ţҪȥ
Ÿȥһ¹ԭҰ͸оˡ
̥રવСŸˣ¹ԭҰ֮䳬СԴѾȥˡ
¹ԭҰϽץ˻ȥ𣿡
̥Ȼ¹ԭҰӽĴǵش˹ȥһڡ
¹ԭҰ͵ǴӦˣȥҲǲУ¹ԭҰţ´򿪣ͱ˰¹䡣
Ŷ̥ƨɣѶ̥ͽ˰¹䣬˳˵һ¹𨲻ڣҲȫ֪¹ԭҰţ¥ȥˣ¥ݵİ
ûŸ̡̥
ȻС¹˵Ҫ̣ܵܳøҲûʲô
¹ѧʱ¹ԭҰѾˡ
Ȼ¹׸ܵι̵ССԸûʵ֡
¹ԭҰĲ棬һ̦ͣõըģҲˣʳɣҳ
ˡ
ҲûռеǶⷢСʳɣÿ˶һƬ
¹ԭҰըһ̣ʣ˺öûըģЩڱ涳ʲôʱԣʱóը˳ԡ
̦͵ܼ򵥣¹ԭҰǰ˯ǰˢƵˢġ
ʱžͺˣ˲ϣ׼һ£ſʼը
ʵܼ򵥡
Ҳ󣬺̦Ŵ׷ۣˮͣΣ̦֮вȫϣϲ鵽¹ԭҰԼ˵Ϻۡ
ϺԼǰɹĸϺġ
Ϻ˷ݶˣˮȫΪֹȻŽ濾ŵƱڻ飬Ϻۡ
ϺõŴ׺Ž֮ɺ״ʱˢմǸ̦ˢˡ
¹ԭҰƵر˵Ҫˢں̦⻬һ棬Ƚס
ˢŴ׺֮Ҫںɻɣ˵ɻһ
С߰ɡ
ʲôĳ㣬ˮɣ߲ˮɣζ¹ԭҰ˵ǸϺɣҲȫû⡣
ӷһ㣬ܹʱ䣬ÿ
Ǽʣ¹ԭҰϺֶ࣬û
ԱϾ򵽣㡣
֮ĺ̦ˮȻȥըȻ̫¹ԭҰϲôĳԷ
ȻˣҪһģÿ䣬Ҳܴࡣ
ը룬̦ͻһÿӿԵ״¹ԭҰʵɵģóԾˣ״ʲôľͲˡ
̦;ˡ
̦ӦǺģ¹ԭҰˢƵˢüΣǰζǺһŮǵĳԲݣʱͺԿˣֱǰˢһǣƵ
ԳԿˡ
̦رִ࣬ԸԵĳ㣬֥Ǹζļֱˡ
¹ԭҰǴˣԼ̲סÿӼһ͵ԡ
ʱ¹ˡ
һԴ⻹ǽһ¹ԭҰң仯Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ûĿģ¹ߵԱߣ͵һ麣̦ͣȻҲ֪̦͵ġ
Ժ磬ֳԺۣ¹ô֪̦ܲͣ
߶ûУҲ֪ôһֱûгԹѡ
ôһԣζȻǳ
¹һԾͣһԼź̦ͳԣһߺ¹ԭҰ˵ֶأ
ֶ¹ϳ¹¹״ӳǱӦһ
ڳԷҲ㣬úóԷɡ¹ûԼղŵǸֶָĲ¹ףǶֶӣ̦ζȻҴһ㣬Ҵȥ칫ҵʳ
׼ˣڳ棬ߵʱԼǵ߾С֪¹ҪԷ¹ԭҰ͸׼ˣֲܾһԷ͡
ζ߶ơ
ϲҲϲҲᣬСʱϲʳ˾Կʳֻ˲ǫѺõһԽܡ
¹ԭҰ֮һԣϾȷˣ̦ϲĿζҲһ¹ϲġ
ԼըһޣҲ˳¹һޡ
Ǻ̦ը֮󣬷ǳռռ䣬һҲŲ˶١
ͷǵðѹӻңòֺȱ¹ԭҰ˵
¹ź̦ͣﲻͣطƬƵǲǲܵظ¹ԭҰȻһƱʾԼ֪ˡ
¹Ǻϲɵģܵϲʮˣ˵ѽ
ֻڸճĶֶӲſԡ
Ҷֶأ


76 
˷ʲôʱܳ, Ƕֶӿǿһһۣ¹˳ϴҺ, Լϴøɸɾ
ǿôܹ㣿
ֶôɰôܲһ£һ£һأ
ںͰ¥, 극ȥҲȻʱ, 㻹ʱԷȻûڹ˾ϰľⲻ¹ԭҰһ㶼֪
֪֪ˡ¹¹ԭҰѲ̽˹, С¹Ա߳Է
ȻˣΪˣӵԵȨ
ÿСֻһƬĺ̦ͣ¹һѣ
ڲ, ǿϳԷСĽˡ
Ҫ֪, ϰС¹ҲֻһƬ
õֵʱ, ǵһʱ, ͰѺ̦͸Եˣζɺˣ
ƬҪóԣ
¹׵Ը, óԵĶһϲõģôȳأ
ǵȻΪС¹һγԵĺ̦Ͱ
ǰ֪̦;Ȼôóԡ
̵ִ࣬, ȳɱҪóԡ
¹һԾͣҲѺ̦԰ÿֻһƬȻܶӣǼھûѽ
Ҳ֣¹Ϊʲô¹ô̦ͣôĽˡ
ùá¹Ŭ۾ͼյ˵¹
¹һ߻شһź̦ͳԣûжϹꡭꡭ
ùùãܷܲһ㣿¹ײ֪̦͵ʲôָֻʣһ㣡
¹ָȻǸһľ룬˵Ǻܱ΢ˡ
ֻһ㡣
¹Ǹ
ҲǣСΪҲǸɲġ
ǳ⺣̦ͻ¹ֵء
˲¹׳˶٣¹ٴ¹ԭҰöپ£¹󷽵һԼĲ̣ԼðɣϴûУ
ֲϴɱö
ϴϴˡ¹ֱӣ˵ش¹СƬľǺ˵ֻһ㣬ллùá
¹һ㣬е㲻˼οС¹һֳݣСǷˡ
ܾúС¹ԱȣԼ˺еڿŶ˰
¹ƤٺҲӦóŲסˣȣҪҪһ㣿
ˣùԼ԰ɡ¹װѴ¹õĺ̦ͷһߣȳԷȳ극óԵĹ͡
˼ͳˣõֱ֣ӳԵģһ¹ûԣҲŵһߡ
Ҫһԡ
ǵ뷨עʵֲ˵ģΪ¹װ̦󣬲ҪúƷΪ뵽˵ܵܡ
ղź̦̫óˣ¹׶˸ܵˣ¹׾Լ治һø硣
Ϊ˳Ϊܵܵĺø磬¹ʹùҪģ̦ͺܺóԣ¹ԼҲԣ¹ѾԹˣܻܵûгԹ
¹õܵҲһºóԵĺ̦͡
ôţӿ˳ԷٶȣҪõܵܳԵ̦ѽ
Ϊ¹׶ûӵڶ뷹
ʱ˶ûг꣬ſղܳȥ¹ΪȥӷӲ˵ģ¹ԭҰ˵
ְҪȥܵˣܵ¥𣿡¹װѲ̷ϣ¥ܡ
⻰¥Ǳ˵ġ
¹ԭҰסҲȷͶ̥ǲ¥ϣ¥ʱӦý¹ȥˡ
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С¹ȥò˸հɡ
¹ԭҰôţ͸¹¥¥µĽ̡
С¹¥ſھС¹Ͷ̥˵
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ܵܣҸ˺óԵģɺóˣҪԳԿ𣿡¹һС麣̦̥ͣ
¹ǲ鶯ճС¹ںأôܳԵֶ
¹װѺ̦̥ܲӵŤͷ
¹׼̥Ť
Ťû취Ťˣ̥һ̧ͷƹ¹׵֣ͷŤһȥˡ
¹ԭҰ̥Լԣû֯¹׺Ͷ̥棬¹ظ˼Σ̥ƺǷˣ£һԴ¹׶ϡ
ΪϴҪ̥۸ˣǽϵ
ӣǰ׻ģ¹һѱס˶̥˳§˻ϲض԰˵㿴ܵϲأ
𨿴Ŷ̥¹׻ӣʵ˵ΥĵĻתƻתƻ⣬ˡ
ְ֡¹ױŶ̥ѵתͷ¹ԭҰҲ̲סҫְ㿴ܵܺϲأ
п϶
̥׼ʱ¹׷ģһӣͬʱˣһͰԼԴγˡ
һͲ¹Ǳȥˡ
¹Ҫ󣬶ͦģ¹׾͸Ƶģͷܣû¹ץס
Ժ̥ˣӦǴ򲻹ϴģܵĻϴ϶׷϶
ֿһ͹ˣܲ¹׺Ͷ̥һֱ棬Ȼҵддˣ
¹ԭҰͰˣ¹ԭҰϴ󣬰϶һץһ׼
¹״¹ԭҰͶ̥׷أƺеõȤְΪʲôץҰһ͵ܵ档
㻹ʱ棿ҵд𣿡¹ԭҰʡ
¹ԭҰôһʣɰ¹׸סˣŶ
ҵ
ҵûɵĻҪ۷ֵģᱻ
ȥҪ
¹Ҫܵðɲܳ顣
¹ǴˣԼдҵȥˣ¹극𨻳Ķֶӣǹ̵ְЦϾͳˡ
ſֶӣ¹ˣ֮ǰ˵²Żôھˣ
ѵ˵
òֶʲôõӰɡ
⣬ʵ¹ԭҰͰҲ۹Ҳ˶̥壬ãûгκ⡣
Ǻö˶˵ģôԤ˺üء
о֮󣬵óһۣ¹ԭҰˡ
ʶģͰĻ̥ʮˣûпǵ¹ԭҰĶ̥ʵƫǱһЩ
ûпǵһ㡭
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Ϊһֻ¹Ͳĸ¹飬ֳΪɽ񣬸֪Щˡ
Կ¹ʵµġ
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ٲߣϰҪٵˡ
ȻҲûǰ¹ԭҰ׼һ޺̦͸ˡ
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˷˺ܶĿռ䡣
һͦӡ
¹ƣһܳԵһ롣
ʵ֤¹Ĺƴ
ƴԼʳ˿ǰ칫ͬӰأ
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¹˳һƬ̦ͣһ߳һ߹Ǹ̫˰
ұö˶˹ţճ극ҲǺܶ
ӲͲ˺
ǲǲô࣬žͺܺó԰
ԣ
мֲסջͬ£Ѿ򿪳룬ӳһƬˡ
ΪլϲʳƬڸִ࣬ζ˭ҵԼϲһ֣ǡ
ôܸо˼Ǹһ㣿
¹Ůͬ£ͷӸðˣҲܲ¹Զԡ
ʹӳԼˮ¹񽻻ʳ
վһ׼Ļû˵ڣʶðһ䣬ԵǸǲǡҶǸɳԵǸ
ѵҲǸԣ
¹͵أ
ֵ԰ҲǸ
ȻˣⲻϻŮͬµˢƵʱ򣬿յļǸɳŮڳԷ
֮Ůͬ¾ȥǸѳˡ
֮ǰŮͬ¶֪ôһգǹעձǱߵĴθԲ
Ǹ·
ձǱߵĳԲԵöԼķżҲгȥ̽ꡣ
ĸŮͬҲֻܿԲŰ
ȻˣһڡҶգҲˡ
Ůͬ¿ŻɳԵǸ̦ͣжˣ
ɾţ
ԱѳģҲ˼ҳԵһ֣
ǵĻǾû˰


77 
װ, оӦǴġ
ĻǾٺòˣ
˼Ǳ߲Բܹǲ˼ԼĻ
ԶٳԶ٣
óֱӶͿˣ
Ůͬڴʣ¹Ǵģ
, ҵܵԼġ
¹¹ԭҰ׽ܣ¹ԭҰеĳë¹ǱҲ㲻
¹ھλεҫܵܰ
ҪҪ, ԼģҲ֪ζڡ¹һ麣̦, ݸŮͬ¡
⣬Ůͬô֪
ûԹڵĺ̦ͣ
¹ֶ˰ɣҲ̫˼ܾ, Ǿ͡
ɣ
Ůͬһ˵Ų˼ǱֺѸٵؾͰѺ̦͸ˣ˳žһڡ
̣࣬, ֡
ŮͬΪʲô˵̦Ǻܺõ¾Ʋ, ΪҲǰһ޾ƣơҲ, βҲ, ʲôԡ
ھȿСƣǸо
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˵ʵ¹ǷǳԸġ
ܹʹ¹ԭҰǱ˶ٰ
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¹ᣬͬһ˹һһһһ޾Ϳˡ
˵޴ȥӾʱˡ
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¹Ǻ̦ͻܲһ㣿
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¹һӦǾǾ֡
֪¹ԭҰܶʳÿҲͦ࣬Ǹ࣬Ǻ͸˱ȽĶ࣬ͼͥλǾһҲˡ
óȥǸܡ
еУҵҲ࣬Ȳ̫ǵûд¹Ǽˣܰ¹ԭҰҵʳȫԲˡ
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¹ԭҰԼʳʲôӣôСڲܳԶ٣¹ܷġ
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ҪԼԵĻǼӰ࣬Ҳû취¸¹ġ
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¹ԭҰ֮ǰһ˺öڱ涳ţ¹ҪĻЩƷؼԼը˾ܳԡ
Ǳûոը̦͡
¹ȻеĳԾûˣҲûãǮ¹ԭҰ¹ԭҰҪ¹ԭҰˡ
ֻԼԵĻ¹ԭҰõҲˡ
ͬҪġ
¹ߵ飬ɲܽ¹ԭҰ򵥡
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¹Ʈһ£С°һ꼶¹ףǰѧѾʼ㻨Ǯˡ
¹ԭҰҲСӵ㻨Ǯܻ˶٣
¹ԭҰҲǴڶ꼶ʱ򣬸С¹׼̶㻨ǮĻ
һǮɡ
¹ԭҰôţõֽ֭װȻװĴм䣬һϵˡ
һĿˡ
˵һϰˣ¹ԭҰڳ϶̥Ƿݡ
ԷҲ˶̥ǵģţǶ̥ġ
׼С¹Ͱ𨣬ͿԿʼˡ
Ƴһۻûߵ¹¹ԭҰʣ㲻ȥС𣿡
¹أ˵ȥӡ
¹ԭҰ
񣬶¹ԭҰϵļˣֱ˾֮·˽֪
ҸպԷԼ˵ġ
¹˲ˮ⻰˵ģҲû䷹
ʣǲԵġ
ǲԷ鲻Է
Ҿͳԡ̵ļ¹ûԹž볢һ¡
⻰͸˵һҾ߲䣬ȥ

˵ľͳԼ˵ԵģҿûǷݡ¹ԭҰǸ¹һᣬҪѡһ֣Ҷײ˼ǺʼǸţˣѡĸ
¹̬͸Ǻ󹬼ǧĻһҲҪǸҲԡ
²ġ
¹ԭҰŲ¹жᣬָһѡ⣬ͣǸٴףһ̿ڣһڴҪպĸ
ѡպͻǴװ
¹ѡˡ
ѧ棬˸ѡģѡĸ¹񶼷Ų߸
ܰ
㿴˲ٰݣһﶼûظ棬ӲҪɡ
Ҳǿаɡ
ʾʲô¹ԭҰ˸ţٴһ£һҧȥ¹޶ԡ
ţպζˣ
ţͨţе㲻һţ˺߲ˣϺˣȻٷڹ
ִ࣬ȴ
ĵζ¹ԭҰúܵΪպ׺ͽͳԵġ
ٴģģŵĹ㣬ţ޵кóԣ
С¹дҵ𨻹ڴ̥öԵ㡣
¹ԭҰԼ
˵õļܵÿʼжɡ
¹ԭҰʹӽϿʼ
ּ¹ԭҰÿԼһͷȣͺ¹׺¹ԭҰĶԱȡ
һް棬һ˰档
ʣʹٳԿʼ
ó𣿡¹ѯ¹ԭҰĳԺС
¹ԭҰ˸Ĵָ޵кóԡ
Կ˵ľ¹ԭҰûдˡ

Ҫĸζһһ¹ڸѡ
¹ԭҰ
ղҺòóʲôá
ааɣôһһ
ˢͻٴף
¹񣺡԰пֶҪ
¹ԭҰ֪¹Ĵ𰸵ģ¹˵õģĸ¹ԭҰǰˡ
ԿʼԷˡ
С¹𨣬óԷˣ¹ԭҰȥ˷䡣
ѾʰһطרԷͶ̥Ѿˡ


78 
С¹أ¹ԭҰӷڲ輸, ʰ𨡣
֮ոС¹һǮС¹ȥʳȥˡ
ù, ȳԷɡ¹ԭҰְ̡֣̥
̥, һ¾͵¹ԭҰˣһڵס, ȵǽһ䶼ڲͣض
Ҳûܾ¹ԭҰĺ⣬Це˿, һÿӼгС飬Լһڣָ¹ԭҰιһڣ˸̥ι, Ҹι
ⶼߵķ, ܲԣ
ԾͲ¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰ˲Լʵļƻʼ㵥, ζ, պһ㡣
𨰴¹ԭҰ˵ģָιһڣ¹ԭҰȻسȥˡ
һ㶼ġ
һ, һڣȵ¹ԭҰ˰Ѽˡ
¹׻û
ȵ¹ԭҰ¥ȥӵʱڳǱߣڳԷ¹ס
ͻȻԼǸ¹׽ǳԼˡ
¹ײ֪, ȥС֮󣬺ȻؾȥǱһݷڳ
¹ԭҰ¹׵ʱǷһˡ
ְĴӣ˫ӣ¹˫۾Լװְ֡
ְ֡
һְ֣е¹ԭҰ顣
װʲô鶼ûз¹ԭҰӷˮ棬Ĩ˵ϴྫϾͿʼϴˡ
Ҹʲô
¹վģְϳʲô
ߣ򵥵һ֣԰ܶݣ׷ӣȫ˵ǳԷ
𣿡¹е㻳ɡ
¹ԭҰһ㶼飬¹ףȻأ
Ȼְֶô˵ˣ¹Ҳ벻ʲôɵĵطҪ֤ݣѾڸղŶԻʱ򣬱¹ԭҰϴɾˡ
¹׾㻳ɣû֤ݣҲû취
ο¹׵Ļɣֻһֱ¹ְֱ豳Լʲô顣
ɴ˱źɶˡ
¹룬Ƿˡ
ְ֣μκ˵ҪܵܣҿԴǿܵ𣿡鱾Ӧ˵ģ¹Ҫܵι̣Ҫдҵ̫æˣһСľˡ
˵Ҳü
ѾȥС̫дҵˣ˼ڵ̡
¹׵Ļڴؿ¹ԭҰ
ڻУȹʱ䣬ܵܳˣٺ𣿡ʲôû׼ãʺö̥ǰ
ҲҪȵõˣ¹ԭҰ͸ĸ˵֮ɡ
һڣͿö̥ǰ¶ˡ
ȻܾˣǻõС¹ְָʱ䣬һ֮ܿС¹ĵܵܣ˼ʧġ
̣¸ҿԿС¹ĵܵˣ
֪֪ˡ̱˼֣еվסţˣеվסˡ
С¹ְ֣ϴˣҽȻȥˡ
ˣͿˡ¹ԭҰ˵ǷϵЩù˵ӣЩӺʣ¹ԭҰҪȥιġ
֮¹ԭҰͰЩӴ˰¹䣬һͷԱߵֻ΢СһһӾʹȦվˡ
۾¹ԭҰþͲȦˡ
յʱ򣬻СȦеߣǵȵһ֮Ȧסˡ
һ㣬һ£Ŭһģܱĳȥˡ
ӳȦһЩ¹ԭҰֵ߲ˣ¹ԭҰһ
֮󣬰ͰιĻӹȥˣҲ֪вʲôڣôȦȫסˡ
ҲܳȦ
Ѳ̵ʳۣ˵ϣֻϾͰͷʳ棬ԵͷҲ̧
¹ԭҰȥ棬һ£Щ˵ĲλȻǼӸ͡
ˮǱҲһġ
ʲôررѵĹȴ¹ԭҰһСʱʰꡣ
ϳ˵㺹¹ԭҰû״ϣȻֱȥϴ裬·
ʱûڷ濴Ͷ̥ʱҲûп¹ԭҰ¥¥һ飬С¹ķҵ˰Ͷ̥
˶ڡ
С¹ǰ棬ҲԱţ̥ʲôҲΪ˱ʾԼĴڸУӲǼм䡣
¹ԭҰʪͷӱƹȥһۣС¹ǰһҵС¹ҵûд𣿡
ȥ꿪ѧڣ¹׵ҵ϶ڳԷ֮ǰдģ⣬Ϊҵر࣬Ƿݡ
ǽֲ壬С¹ôûдҵ
ţʦдġ¹״ûдģһʱ֮䲻֪Ӧôд
ƽʱǰ𨸨ҵģ⣬Ȼؾȥʰˡ
ɰҲ֪ô찡
ϸ㣬ѧʵǼҵڶġ
ûϹѧ
ǰֻ¹ʱû˻һֻ¹ѧɽˣһЩ֪ʶԼ䵽棬ҲûϹѧ
Ϊɽݣ˹Ҳûðȥһѧԡ
ڵ֪ʶˮƽ˵֪ɣʵҲ֪˵֪ɣʵкܶණ֪
źܸӣʵҲܸӡ
򵥵˵ǰ԰С¹Ŀ֪ĸĸҲдνģ̲С¹ôд
С¹ʵΪѣͲС¹дҵˡ
С¹ԼɣҪ
𨱻ѵùǺ¹ԭҰһȵؿ¹ԭҰ
¹Ҳǡ
ؿ¹ԭҰ
ǰڸС¹¹ԭҰС¹ڵĿγ̽ȣ͸оͻȻһ£С¹Ҫʼдˣ
һ꼶
һ꼶Ҫд𣿡¹ԭҰһʦıעνʵʲô
ǲĿԼ䣬Ϊڿ˵д
¹ԭҰʵȽƫһЩıȽϲʵ˸񣬵Ӧһ꼶Ӧûġ
Ҫʮ֡
򵥣
С¹ƽʱͰ˵͇NɇNɵģȫزϡ
¹ԭҰ͸һĿ¹õܵ䡣
֪ôĻͿԱߵĶ̥
Ŀ֮¹ϾͿʼҷˣűڱʼǱд˵һ֡
Ȼ¹Ǹʶһ仰棬ĸǲдģûϵѾѧƴƴдˡ
Ҳ֪Ĵʹ¹дһһ䡣
ʮֵܿ͹ˣ¹׻д
Ǻ°¹ԭҰôֹ
ͷ¹дԼŰ뿪˷䣬ڶ̥ȻС¹ز
С¹ôϲܵܣ϶չ˺ö̥ġ
С¹ҵ᲻ࣿ
Ϊûа취С¹⣬ն켱ˣһѾöˣֻ࣬Ϊû취ΪС¹еѹѡ
С¹ڲһ꼶ԺѧϰѶȿ϶ǡ
һ뵽ԼԺС¹ʲôͻȻΣС
Уȥѧſԡ
ôѧ
ȻǸרŸǷĲ쵼
Ȼ͸Ǳߵ˴绰
¹ԭҰһ仰ðı⡣
ʲô˼ҹҲͦæģͱ˼鷳˰ɡ
¹ԭҰ˵ԺȽ㣬ѧˣȥС¹ô
𨻹ô
ȻǺð
Ǿ鷳ˣ
¹ԭҰһ㶼鷳
ҲʱӶ̥Ѱעˡ
кǼ£ҲܴŸĸ̸˵
ְ裡дˣȵȣܵʲôǸҧְܵܳҵˣ
˴£¹ԭҰͰϽȥͿ¹ױ̥׷Ҵܣʼˡ
̥
¹СʱҪ
¹ԭҰʼͷ
ųͿʼ۸磬Ժˡ
̥òС¹ĵϰɣ
¹ԭҰԲһǸ桭
ҲûпܵĹ
¹棬òдҵ¹ԭҰʼҵ§Ŷ̥ʼѵ
Ƕ̥ʲôǸѵڶ̥Ķ棬ƾ͸һɡ
ְдô¹׽ģ¹ԭҰͶ̥֮䣬ͼԼ嵲ס̥
ҵ
ְ鰡¹Ҫҵŵ棬ܾܵͳԲˣ
֪֪ˡô֣¹ԭҰɨһ۾Ϳˡ
һ꼶Ӧеˮƽͨ˳Ҳûд֡
ˣĻ㣬ܵҧҲܵİ̥ǸСӤˣ¹ԭҰҲ᲻
ֻ¹Сһˡ
¹СذķŽȻؽ棬ԾѾʮְȫˣһ
Ȼ¹Ͼȥܵˡ
㲻Ҫ׵ܵܰܵʲô֪ôףܻܵ޵ġ¹׿ϲܵˡ
ǽһԩ
ĺ𣿡Լоᰡ΢һ㣬Լ̫̥Ầ¡
ѵ̫
¹ԭҰ
Ϲ㿴̥Ǻµ𣿡
¹дҵܸ̥׷̥˵ض䶼ڶǺµӣ


79 
żؼ, ¹񳬿ĵģɻؼһţŵһɡ
ζ˵ζ
ҹֱɫʳտ
ͽīԼƵĸתͷ, һͻ, ֺǺǵӡ

ѧĽīտ, 
Ҳǳʲôأ¹һڿ, ζ˰
˵㲻˵, ҺСھԼ취, ˸ѹ㿴ش, Ӫȫ
¹չȥһû˵, ش, ˼ӣʳ, ͦģء
¹ҲûԼ˳, ԼļӴó, Ȼ, ¹ԭҰңԼңҲûʱ䡣
, һʱ䣬οôż
¹ӷŽ΢¯涣Ӿóˡ
¹ûûи߸̧𣬾ôŹͷĽ򷴶ʼˡ
ʵҲǲ֪Ķɾرڽֱߵģ̿𿾳ģβ̿ճЩңȫճڿЩʳˡ
֪֪һˡ
ǲһֱһϻ
ɲû
ûǻֱֵܼտô꣬ҲûԳʲôë˵ܳûⰡ
ǽС֮ȥƵʾˣѸʱ˼

Ҫ¹ʰɣͲ
˵Լ̫ˣԼԼ̲סΪ˼ʣʱýԼ취
Īտϱƿ϶ˮơơ
ӦҲйָоɣͻȻĳһֶԲݵָо
ָоȻŽҵѵˣԼȥơƣڱ
տﵹơƣڴģ˼ǺȺȳơƣ˭ȱơƣ
Ǿ·ȵûţӽˮεûţ
տ͹ˣơҲòˣӵҲ㶨ˣտûãžͻˡ
ǻһƬհף֪ԼʲôȷӦ֮¹Ѿ˳Ҳû
ͿʼģòǱ֮ǰƽɣ
˵Ǻˡ
¹ӳ˳һӣϣһССҲſһ¡
ʲôǻܸܲʹ컰
㲻Сʡ
¹ֵؿһۣʲôģǱ͵ԺóԵģȡֵ
˵ȡֵˣ
¹񽥽ΣգĵľͻȻ𣬻ǵŵƣϰ˰ɣȵƻһ¡
źߡڽڷǳãһֱ׳¹͸Ůһ
ŮҪļˣ
óĸȽϺأ
ѡѵ¹ʼ֡
裬ʲôԸҳ𣿡֪ʲôʱ򣬽īӣܵ¹Աˡ
ͱӸôһĽīҪװĶҪߣŬصš
ҵ̶ôôɰأ
¹һѾͰѽīӵϱԼϥ棬˾Ǳûļкʣţ⣬ײ˺Ҷ
˶ˣ¹װڴİƷ̦͸óˣ̦ͣȻը֮󣬸Сڳԡ
īֺǺǵش˵á
Ͱְȥը̦Ͱɣ극͹ȥðɡ¹ʼƭԼ̡
ֻ֪֪˵ãʶ**ıǵɽ֮ư
С㲻ϵ
ţҡ顣
¹һۣ㲻Сը𣿡
īϵؿ򣬱ְ֡
ܣааɣСȥը̦ͣǸšܸ֮ܲķ֮ġ
Ȼ
¹ѾʼԼˣһû߿
᧿Σķ鰡
ֻܴСȥը̦͡
¹¶ıóѵ΢Цٺ٣һ˶ˣ
Щ¹ǵһγԣÿҶ棬һƬҶҶ԰ۺãӣٹڹ塣
Ȼ˵Ǽ壬Ǹоֺըġ
һҧȥƬܱ¹ߣͺ¹ԭҰ֮ǰ˵պ͵һ̵ģպٴ׵һġ
̵ģģڸζð
ʼҪĲϾСϺ¹ԭҰǸ͵ļһûϺȥǣͷȥѾ¹ԭҰˡ
СϺһȻӶƽ׹죬˱ͼ²ִ֮⣬СϺĿҲִġ
ͬҲˢֲͬĽ֭Ǻʼ¹ǱȽϲٴ׵ζ
ײ˼ҧȥ̵ģȥȷǺͨͨӣĲ˵ײȷǴġ
ܿθ
ţ˵ּ棬¹ϲһˣļ¹񲻹ǳԼû⡣
ʲô¹Ѿ׵Ժˡ
ھǺܺڣղôûкƤ¹ԭҰһ̶Ҫأ
Ǻܺڣ
ιǺҩר
źҩǮ
¹߼ճ꣬Ǳߵĺ̦Ҳˣô죬Ϲͣº̦ͣĹ򣬺̦;ͿԳˡ
жϺ̦ܲܳ򵥵İ취ǿ̦;ûС
첻죬ܵ׼Ϊ̦͵Ĳϣȫģ̦Ǵӳ˾̦Ŵ׺ҲеĲϻ֮ڹ󵽷ڡ
ӲҪ˵ĻʵƷ̦Ѿùˡ
ֻըĺ̦ͣζִ࣬Ҳóԡ
ֱơƣ¹ź̦ͺȾƣŮѾװѼִˣһƿһƿҲԱ¹ơ
Ȼ󡭡
أ¹ˡ
ʡ£ͷʹѣ¹оԼϲ˰ˣȫڽСǰ
ȻҲ࣬ҲǮ
¾ôһˣ¹ҪǵյǰǲǸ
¹־ȥϰˡ
˾֮Ǹ״̬״̬ܶ࣬һ۾ܿ
¹ԼˣҪ¹̦͵Ůͬ£¹״̬ŵˡ
ʲô췢ʲô˰Ȼܲܵڶ컹Ҫϰ࣬ȳ
ûʲô£¾Ʋ̫óˣһСûס¹˶ɥɥģˣҪĺ̦͡
¹Ӱͳһӣװһñʴװŵĺ̦͡
ʵñʴװžͺˣ¹º̦ͱѹˣصŪ˸ӱͳⲻЩмǰٷ֮ʮ϶õġ
л˽㣬΢ŰǮת㡣Ůͬ½ӹ̦ͣĵģͻȻһ롣
ĺ̦ͣٿ¹
˵¾Ʋ˸òǡɣ

ִ̦࣬㣬һζã̵Уζǻۻġ
ųԼͻоˣʱҪơƣǹ֭ʲôѹһѹ¹񲻡
ų˼ˣʱ͵ع༸ơƣ˹˹ˡ
ζڿǻбơƳˢɾˬҲϵۻ
߳
һѰơϣ˴̼¹̲סһá
³̼ͬʱζҲ»صԭ㡣
ֿԳԺ̦ˣ
ǲϵظֱ̣¹
ȻڶѹǳԵʱǸоˬģĿԣ¹İ
Ůͬ±¹˵ĶˣҪϲ֣Ծͣſˮһڴǡԣ
һҪԣ
˵ʲôأһôо񣿡ͬҲˣû칫ңȾ
Ůͬ·Լʮ٣˲ͰѶŵ˳棬Ȼµ˵ûʲôġȵͬ±ȥŮͬ·գۡ
𣿡о񰡡
յŮͬ·ʾ¹ǳ֧Ԯû
¹Ůͬ˽ᵳӪ˽ڰ칫СŻżǸͬ£ҪĲԼӾˣ
رͬ£úȾƣҪ֪ôõһ¾Ʋˡ
Ůͬº¹ѾܿдһġΣ
¹ԭҰǱߵĴѾ¹Ϳˣ˼ʱûĴ㡣
Ҳ˵ֽ׶ΣҪԵֻ̦ͣʣ¹ұĴˡ
̦¾ĲǼ˵˵ģ¹ͽϳ˺ܶ࣬ССССѣź̦ѩ̣Եþ޿ġ
ֻôһˣԼҳԶѾˣŮͬҪ¹񶼲һܴӦ
ôܻͬأ


80 
ѿܷչΪֵͬ¸, ¹Ůͬ²Լͬһ
¹ɥɥſϣϰŵʼʱ, Ѿʮ, , һ, ¾ͽˡ
ȫڽӦûʲôģ¹ô͸˲أ
Ҳȫ, Ҫ¹񿴵¸µĽڼա
ϰļڱ, ·иŮڣǲڷڼգ˾ŮԱǷƷ, ·ݵиڼ, ǡ
պڱĩȥ
ǹ˾ĩż٣ĩͽڼص͵һ, Ѫ
Ȼ·ݵͶڣ涨Ƿż, ķͽʱңӷɵĴ, ֻżһ죬Ҳһ졣
¹˷һѪ
ô£ڼôȫչȥˣ
Ҳ, ôһȻҲˣ
·ݵĶҲĩ
¹ģ
µ, ¹һûãĩ, Ƕ硭
ͽǲںɹ涨ڼյġ
һ춼ţ
ˡ
¹ſϣʲô˵ˣûжˡ
°ѧǷ٣Ҫϰ࣬Ҳ̫һɣ
صѧʱ
¹Ľʱڣī¹ףȫ֪Լ/ùõĽѧУɵ֣ɵ档
ڻڼҳıȦڣȫûκεѹ
ֻҪʦǰƶõļƻѧϰͿˡ
˵ѧϰС¹罻ȥһƪģҲѾʦĺãϿǰӣʦ˴ҵϡ
ͬ¹ԭҰһ꼶ĵһģʦҪѾŵܵͺܵˡ
ҪѧдֻҪдȷͿˡ
ͨһƪģʦܿЩӣǱȥศģЩڼа̵ְģЩӣǷ͵ġ
̶̵һƪģȫˡ
¹׵ҵʦе㾪ˡ
һȺƽУٲе棬¹ǶеģʦЩԾˡ
Уִͨ󣬿ո񣬶עˮУʵʵڵС
ּ¹׵ּֽҲ޸Ĺĺۼǲ࣬ԿóӦ¹дġ
Ҳ¹дġ
ǲǸĸ¹дʦʱ
һڿΣҽһдĵġ
ҶõԼ𣿡ʦʼϿˡ

ʦڿϿ佱ˣһֵ¹׳ģ
μΣһˣ¹ѧУرϲϸѧĩʱĩǰ죬ǰξ͸ǽˡ
кܶ಻ͬĽƷǿԼķֻҪܻûġ
¹׻˱ӣʣǦ
ľߣʵ뻻ʳģǼѾСģǴ˼Ҽ̳˵¹ףͺΣˡ
һľߣְֱܣ¹ķǳԺѾ˵С
յľߵ¹ԭҰأ
¹׵С˼Ȼ֪һᣬܹôʳѡľߣǼҵС¹
ǸܰѧϰĺúӰ
Emmmm
Ǹõɡ
¹׳УܹһʳܶһߣǵõͬѧĽԼʦĿ佱Ļ֣㻨ǮҪã
ֺ㻨Ǯǰһԥѡֵģ
С¹ĿõĻ֣οĽˡ
С¹мˣ
жʮˡ¹ԼĻֿѧһ¶ûȻѾ˶ʮ֣
İѳĽˡ
ҲҪְС¹ܽôд𣿡
ΪС̫ϸεһ꼶εȷʵǱȷ͵Ҫúܶ࣬Ҫ˵رðɣҲûС
һõĳ̶ȶѡ
мҳһһģһҲ̶ȡ
ԳεȻû̫⣬Ϊûر㣬Ȼʹʧ˽Ľ
С¹УȻĽҪҲ֪С¹Ŭ׬ģС¹Ҫ
ҪԼ׬
ԳεҪС¹ȻûˣȻҲ֪ôдģǡ
Լ費дĵʱ򣬰ְô˵ġ
ѳδҺ̻ǣǱкֲܶÿͬѧһ裬С¹һ֮Ķ⡣
÷ǳãðܶҶӣҶԲԲģཱུģͺܿɰ
Ұְ˵дҪĿĿɡ¹ָһ軨֪軨֣ܵذָת˸ָĺ֮
ú֮ɣ֪ôĻͶ࿴
ԾѾѰְִڸؾȫڸˣ¹׾ְһѵطΡ
ССһĺ֮ٿ¹׵ıӰհ׵ҵɵˡ
֮䣿
ҪôӴ
С¹
¹Ͽεʱ¹ԭҰҲڸϿΡ
ϿһܵḶ́ѧرһͨʦĳɾ͸رǿ
Ψһѧֵ̫ôˡ
¹ԭҰž̲ס
ѧѼעʦӶûˡ
ⲢĿ飬ڵ¹ԭҰ֪ѧѧϰǿпһǾǡ
ѧѧϰݣʦĽڷΧ֮⡣
Щʵ¹ԭҰҲѧѧҲǡ
֪ʶʱЧԵģ¹ԭҰôǰѧĶҲûиϰôܻ
ŸոΪʦ೤ʱ䣬ôҪ
¹ԭҰͼĳЩƵѧվע˺ţԼѧһ飬ѧ֮ٽ̰𨣬Ȱѧˣȥ¹ס
ף
ôоֵޣ
¹ԭҰļƻǺܺõģΨһǣͰÿ춼һ˽˿ռûУڼƻʵеĵһ죬¹ԭҰͱץˡ
Ȼ𨲢ûз¹ԭҰնģؿ¹ԭҰֻϵƵ¹ԭҰʲô
ſһƵʦݺϤ
ʹ˵ݰ
ʱûش˵Ҫȥ顣
Ƿ˲鵽Ĵ
úȷöడ
ۿ¹ԭҰֻεءϡǸ׼ľϲЦȴmmpԺͰʦpyѵҪ
Ȼûеġ
¹ԭҰҲ֪ôչģǸ˺ţʹ¹ףͰ֮ʦpy
һʽpy
¹ԭҰ
ͦĹ
Ǻ󻰣¹ԭҰʦpyڲŸտʼء
¹׿Ÿĸһȫ㲻ףҲûв͵뷨еܵ棬˭ܰʲôѽ

죬壬¹ǰڰ༶淢˹żٵ֪ͨ
Ȼ¹ϰǸͽѧУǻǺعġ
÷żپͷż٣һаհ
Ȼĩǰչż죬ķżٰһ졣
ȻҲɣܶһҲǺõġ
֮⣬λһڰȫ֪ͨ飬¹ԭҰЩûէһͦġ
ϰ׾ɨĹ¹ԭҰǼϰǰɨĹǵҵĹǼҾɨĹ
¹ԭҰھҪҪϵʱ䣬¹ְ¹ǳ극ٰ֮Ѷ̥ؼҡ
ʱ¹绰¹ԭҰؼҵʱ˳ȥгࡱҪš
ߵ׻ȷֽʲô¹ԭҰҲȾɫһֲݡ
¹ԭҰȥٶѹȾɫĲݣеðݣеýݣҲġ
ʱ򣬲гʱûеġ
¹ԭҰȥгʱðһˣ̯׼̯ˣʣµҲνؼңʣһ㣬˲Լõˡ
¹ԭҰҪȥôһ㣬ƾˡ
컹֪û˼࣬򲻵Ļ¹ԭҰҽܾˡ
ǿɲС
Դ֪Ҫ¹ԭҰ͵ųˣ


81 
ŵĻ, һʱԺǿСԡ
¹ԭҰߣҼһҲֻڵʱ, ȵļƷ
ȾɫĲ֭, Ŵ׷ۻ֮ɵƤ, ϶ɳ, Ҷӣ˾С
ҶĿҪΪ˷, ϾƤŴ׷, ֮Ƥϡ
ʲôҶûй̶˵ԷŰӵҶ, ҲԷĵҶ, ĸĸ
˵ǸɳͨǺֿŵ, ȻɳҲܺóԣ¹ԭҰϲš
Ϊ¹ԭҰϲ, ¹Ҳ˰̡
¹Ĵ, ¹ԭҰǴڳԷ֮ǰؼˣΪĥ䣬¹ˡ
ôˣ֪ؼҳԷ, ô˵, ¹ԭҰԼò˼
ò˼ǶҪҪǶ̥
¹ԭҰ¹Խ˸
׼
׼ˣ
, ýһĪҴʲôأ
¹Ҳ
Īȥ˽꣬˵Ǹֶ
ɶֶӲ˵µײų
ڲ£ǲе̫ˣ
Ǽ񣬾׼ˣ¹ȫˣãȻˣ¹¹Ҳ˵
رʾϳԷʱ֪ˡ
ڶҪʼԷˣôһ¶
¹¹ԭҰ˵㵽׼ʲôʱ˵
¹ԭҰٵȵȣٵҾ˵𼱡
ػغüֱ˶Ѿˣ͵͵յ¹ԭҰߣ̥Ѿڰ¹伱ˡ
Դ̥߻Ͼûˡ
ʱ¹ԭҰʱǰ𨣬ʱ¹ףǶ̥Ϥˡ
Ϥ˶ˣֻԼһ˵ͷһ⡣
̥ܲ
ҪͨСӤ۾˵ʱ򣬿ˡ
̥ϰˡ
¹ԭҰ̾˿һ⣬ǸԼѹѹϾȻʵ֮
ܾͳԲ˼ˡ
Ǹ֣裬Ҹ˵¹ԭҰʵ֮ǰľʽ
¹ְ¹һϾͰѿӷˣָʲôˣųԷ֮ǰ˵ǳԷ̫˳
Ҳô˵ɣҪ˵ĻӦǺ¡ڣǴĺ°
¹ְ¹ԭҰ㻹ǲҪ
¹ԭҰСЦһ⣬һ⡣
˵ţǾͰڰ¹ҰĶ̥ˡ
ԷͼĹ򣬻ʱ߾ʹһֻС¹ÿǺÿ
Υ˰ɣ
¹ְֵıʹѾóֻ׼ˣԾ׻Ұ㣿͵ұ¹ԭҰҪ̵ģ
ƣİ
¹ԭҰϽ鶼ˣᣬҶ̥˰ɽС¹뿴С¹
β۲죿¹ԭҰŶ̥ƨɣ¹ְ¹迴̥ƨɡ
¹ְ¹軹ûüӦ¹شչˡ
ϴζǿβأ
ССһС飬ȥԼ뷨һ
¹һ³С¹β͵СӤ
ȥҲ̫˰ɣ
¹ְ¹΢侲һ㣬Ӱõ˿϶Ĵ𰸣¹ԭҰһᣬչоһ¶̥β͡
񡭡
Ǻ찡
оʱ
̥Ըˣʼƴ
Ȼˣ̥û߳ģʲôʱСӤﺦߵģ
̥ǣ¹ԭҰˡ
ƨƺܱŤĺòã
¹ԭҰҲûô̥ôһһ¾ɿˣܵ¹׺Ͱֻ۾ؿ¹ԭҰ
һԲϣװֱƨˡ
ܵ󱣻пԭģ¹ס
Ͷ̥ƽʱ׷¹۸Ǹ¹󱣻
˭ţ
ǲŵġ
ǲ¹鰡
ſֱۻڶ̥ǰ棬°ְ۸ܵܣţ˵ְ㲻ܵܣܵܲϲ
¹ôгɾ͸УͲ̫Ĵ
̥ʵĿģӦò¹󱣻ǡ
¹ױ
ȻĺܲϲƨɣװְװʵϲĻ
̥Ͱ¹ͳȥ
̥ڰ𨱳һûеȵװֵħצСԴй۲졣
¹ԭҰǱѾ򵥵ذѶ̥˵ˣ¹ְ¹ڻڽܵĽ׶Ρ
ڽ
ΪȱʧҪ鱨һ±ƣ¹ڸϰ
ȵ¹֮󣬽׹ˣ¹񣬡ǲҪѼֶˣ
һٶôô죡
¹¶£
һĿͲ¹񱳺
¹Ϭ¹ǲǰ֪ˣ
¹Ц֪˵ʲôˣû͵İ
Ҫûǰ֪ļ񰡣
¹¹ְĽڻûôһֻС¹ӣǿ¶һͷ͵͵۲ӡ
ֻܲԼӵͨСӤһԴ
¹¹ԭҰŮ
Ǹ㶫ôҪ鶼˵ӵһΪүү̣û׼ã

ʲôѽ
ϽŸȥ
¹ְֺ¹˳ţҲǸ¹ԭҰǳȥ侲һ£˳תһ˼ά
ŹСʱ¹ְֺ¹ԼĽӻˡ
ʱǣѾӵĲͬ
һ꣬ҲܱˣӱȣǶ˸ѣӡ
ôһ룬¹ְ¹迴С¹Ͷ˺öϲ
ӦӰɡ¹ְִϻȡýʲô𣿡
¹׺ͽīӱȡ¹ְûһϵ¹ְͲˡ
¹¹ԭҰһﻹôأ
ô־ȡ⸱ӣ
ȡĻ
¹¹ԭҰһǸ֣
Ľī¹ף¹ְûֹˣεӣ
¹ְѾ׼˺öˣ
͵¹ԭҰ˵ûأ
Ȼ¹ԭҰ˵ȡ˰аҰСС¹ߣСС¹
¹ְ֣
ϣգǸУ¹ְֶ֪˵ʲôˡ
ȡ˰¹ְֺϱӣժϻһˣӳ˵ӡ
¹Ų¹ְֵСŶ̥֣СС¹Լое֣ȡʲô֣ôֿڡ
ֿڻ⣬Ƕְ̥
¹׺ܶȥ̣̣㺰СС¹ܵǲӦģҪ̥˵֮¹׻ʾ̿
̥
һ˲䣬¹ͱˣǺ޲¹ԭҰ
ȡʲô֣
¹ͽҲĿ¶
ݻ¹ԭҰݣȻȡС
¹ԭҰԩ
Ȼûڶ̥С¹򣬵СС¹СҲеֿˡ
¹ԭҰԼҲСС¹е֣Ȼ͡
ϰԺ̥ˡ
֪̥ȻҲϰԵذԼ˰
¹ԭҰᣬҲǹİң
ȻҶš
¹ԭҰ𨣬Ҷ췢Ĳǹģ
㰡Ļش¹ԭҰжģ̥Сʲô𣿡
ǸûнִܹĻѬչɽ񣬶ԣһⶼûˡ
ŴҲкܶ˵Ų弾Էڼһȥһ֣Ҿ֪ϴ϶ˡ
ܺð
Ľͣ¹ԭҰҲû˵ˣҲǸϰ
ڰĲ⣬¹ԭҰ򵥵ؽһ£̥ʵûʲô⣬ǲ̫С񡭡
ǳ¥Ĵһ
еˡ
̥ȻԼСǺڻСùصǣС¹ԭҰŪˡ
¹ְˣ´ϻͳСӣҲ׼˺öСëë׳׳֡
¹ְһȡСųõףԸǡ
еʱ˰
ϣô˸顣


82 
ϣ
ǰ̥ĽģǰǸ¹ȡģ
¹ԭҰֲ, ʱ򣬴Ͷˣ
ϣֺѽ¹ԭҰݵ䣬һ, 봵ʱ, ͻȻ֡
ֻ֪һ¹
˰
ûϵ, ֻ, ¹ԭҰٶȡ
¹ԡʫС¹ԭҳ˻, Ҹ, Ȼô֣¹ԭҰ֪˵ʲô
ģ֪, ¹ʲô, Ͳ˵С¹ǽС¹˵Լ
һС, ˴ţ¹ԭҰʼ, ¹ʳҰ֮ƻ, 㿴̥СʫϰȡȻĴʫ°, ô
ºӦ, ǲǺĻ
¹ְ¹豾¹ԭҰ˵ͦеģһǾ䣬Ǹо˲ûˡ
¹ְ˵˵㻰𣿡
¹ԭҰһͷʺ, ͵ˣöôп
һ˸϶ԷĽŲ
ʲô˾Ͷ໰˰
¹ְֲŲ¹ԭҰһ£ҲͦģǾɡ˵¹ְͣһ£⿴¹ԭҰ˵ȻСѾˣǾͶະ֪֡
¹ְּ̥ʲôģͲҪٺ֪𣡿ʲô¹ԭҰ˵㣡
¹ְֲʶ֪̥϶Ǵ¹ԭҰߴģ
Ȼûκε֤ݣ¹ְ־һֱ־¹ԭҰûдˣ
¹ԭҰ
õҲ֪ˣ

ڶһ磬¹Ͱ¹ԭҰˣţȥɨĹ
ɨĹкܶļɻ䣬˵ǣµСǲԴȥɨĹģ¹ԭҰҵϣ˵ˣ¶ûС
ôСܴȥɨĹˡ
ҲһСӤԼһ˴ڼԽ϶Ҫһš
īС¹ǰҲһڼǵġ
ĸ£¹达һģ£ִĴָģָţһС롱
һ׶ɳôԲˣţҲš
¹ԭҰң˶ɳ̵ģ̵ţҪǰڡ
㹽ɣ⣬̲ˣɣߣڵȫϣҪǰˮһ飬֮õ飬ĲϷڹζˡ
棬ܺڰĸоʵϣߵĳɷֲ࣬ĲϱֻǸǡ
õϣǿţԲԲҲߵһ㡣
ƤǺۼϺɵģŴϼŴ֮Ƥ͸ʸУʱ򣬳ҧһڣŴƤζḻݡ
¹ԭҰСѧʱԣӳԲҲˣ񫶼㲻ˡ
ڣ¹ԭҰͻȻԷԲˡ
ųԵģڻش¹ʱ¹ԭҰеģ԰ɣðɣ裬ڶˣҪȻ˳㷬Բ԰ɡ
ˣԷԲôԵù𣿡¹軳ɵ
¹ԭҰԵȻǳԵùģڲڼ
ʳ΢еɹˣѾ½ˣҪǽûס
оǰӡ
¹ԭҰòʹʱԲ
˵ǷԲˣţ¹ԭҰҲܷſӳԡ
ϰõģһӵţ¹ԭҰоԾ˰裬ôԵ𣿡
Բ겻ܷű涳𣿷ǵһȫԵ
¹һŰãڿʼˣ֮ǰţȻҲ̵ģǿе㷢׵ӣȵ֮󣬾ͻ̡
ܺʵһɫͷԲִͨ͸еɫȫһ
ճóˣ¹ͽȥɨĹˣڼңԲţڼҵ¹׺Ͱɲܴ
¹ԭҰԼҲһ
õرֶ̣סֻÿӼУӼ͵ߣشţΪŸؽ£ﵽڵĳ̶ȡ
ļ¹ԭҰĵȵôðһҧס¹ƤòǺܺССҧһڣҧŵϡ
ŴıƤסζһӾðˡ
¹ŵζҲ̲סСڿŵƤڿһ󶴣ŵıŵ¶ȸؽ
е̵ƤСŴ˺ϣһ͵ǽһó԰
ϺƤֿǾͲˡ
űҪϣƤһԲſԡ
һŵֻ࣬ǱСȭͷ΢һЩƤȻǲŴ׷ģԼҲȫû⡣
¹Լһ˾ܳĸ
ʵ¹׵ķٳԣ¹¹׳ԶŲһƿ֭Ͱˡ
Ǹ¹ףٳˣϡ
һٳһ¹ɳϣŹ֭˵
¹ԭҰһۣԼһͶ㵽ˣԼζ̲ס͵ԡ
¹׵Ļ¹ԭҰķǳͬҲһǲа
ͬ̾һͿһӹˣƨɺһֻС¹
װֻСţ¹и𨣬ð𨳢ġ
¹׿ţ¹ԭҰչʾһ£ʲô̾ߵԱߣס½ǣܵܣ裬ܷһ𣿡
𨻹û˵¹ʹӳ溰ǱС¹˰նĸˣٳҪˣ
¹ԭҰἵʵְ
ȥͷϾͶסˣУ㲻ٳˡ
ұܾ¹ףֻؿŰţȻ͵ܵ§Żȡů
¹ԭҰһΪ֪ԼܳԣҲԼ־̵⣬
ǵض㿪ˡ
ǣ⵽ζľֻ¹׺ˡ
¹׺ôĸأأ
ֻһƿݵ̷̣ݳ̣ŵ**ζŵζȫһ͵ġ
ϸպ̣һ㶼ŵζҹȥͷ˰𨡣
һ۾Ϳص㣬͡
ʲô֪أ߾ڰ²ˡ
˵ֵ
һŰͷ㶵Ӽֱһģһ
𨱻еЦԶĶ̲סͣһ£ͣôһ£С¹ͺʲôһ¹׵ĻܵԱߣϵؽš
ַأ
պַ̾ԣ滹װɰҲ
Ӿϵ۾ܾ㲻ܳ
ȻɴӰĶ̬УǸо˰ľܾűˡ
ˮĴ۾Ҫˡ
ǺĿˣ
¹ͬľͿƲסˣԱһԼٻĸأ
ǵܵأ
һԲţֻ̣ܺ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ĳõܵܳһ𣿡¹װ顣
ϺҲһ͵ؽϣ
һξܾС
¹׽ʣܴܲܵܳһڣ
𨣺
ϣ
˵ʲô
ԭͬܵܶǼٵģĿĻԼԣ
Ҳǲԣᶨؾܾ¹ףҴӸ⣬ڳԵʣµš
ӴȥϴɾҲ㿪ˡ
¹ײٲ˰ɣ
۲첻¹׵ǲˣأ
¹׸ղŵΪǶϵıˣѾ˱̵Ľ׶Ρ
ȻˣϵȻ㲻ʲôʲô̡
ŵ¹ϵζо¹гԵģԡ
ʼͷᶥ¹ףͳιԼ
ĿУԼι̵¹ףҲ̰һ
ƽʱӦһͻȻʧЧˡ
¹ûϵ˼ΪԼء
ξܾ¹鲻ãʱ棬ϵͷܾϡ
ٶҳһѽ
¹ƣܵڲ档


¹ԭҰӣС¹ϴˣ
¹ԭҰ
ȷû


83 
û
¹ȻѾ̱, ɺܺá
ΪַûнϸɴһԴ, һֻС¹ĶƤ, ڵ
¹ǿһ档
ȻΪӴˡ
ʵ, Ϊ¹̫, ¹׺ϻûʼ
Ȼ¹ҪȥһĻ
¹˵Ǹ, пܷ
¹ԭҰץ, ϵԴϵŸճû, ô𣿰ǰҲô𣿡
Сʱ, ǲˣ֪Լڳ֮ǰ, һֻͨİ¹
¹Ļ
ճʱӦҲûôɡ
˵, ڱ죿
¹ԭҰҲ㲻̫
еͬɵֵ¹ףֵܽ, һ㶼ǻŹųġ
¹׺ϣȵϳ˵ˡ
¹׶ǱǸ
Ͼʧ
ôһ룬¹ԭҰеͬС¹ˡ
С¹ֻмĿʱ, ǳûг, Եȵɡ
ĪְͶι¹ףؾͽ˰ְֵͶι
ԭҪгк֡

ȵ¹񽪽򼸸˻, 緹ԵҲš
Ȼ¹ͽڻ֮ǰͳԹ׼ˡ
ǽôӵģڵģζҲǲǳеɣ鲻ԽҪˮ
ڼԹ緹Ϣһ֮һ˾ͳȥɨĹˡ
˶ĺôϾֳˣһĻƽ̯ÿͷϣͲʲôˣţܿͽɨĹ
Ҳܿȥˣ¹ţʣ˺ܶô죿
źܺóûдô࣬һ˸Բ
Ͳȥڱ̫ռλã¹ǿưŷָ¹ԭҰ¹񣬰ŷǼұ䣬Լұ䲻Ϳճ
취
¹ԭҰ¹Ļ
¹ԭҰûϾһСôţȥСǱߣһѧҪҪԡ
ôʮţǱ߿ʮѧء
һһ֡
¹ĻǺܿʮôģ¹ԭҰİ취¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰҪѧ¹ԭҰİ취ˡ
¹񽪽˾ͬô࣬һ£ʮŽǺɣ
ŵǱˡ
ǿС¹СԷһѧѸ١
һ¿εС¹С׼ԷͻȻ˵ĲһԲţΪӦ¹翪ʼ͵ˡ
͸ϴεĺ̦һÿ˶С
ڴȥԼķȴ֪ûˡ
Ѷ¹磡
¹ԭҰȽʯҶ󣬺ƤͰ͵¹ԭҰ¹磬һŶû𣿡
¹ԭҰ֪ҾȻôģ¹ԭҰǵԼ͵ʱտƬӵʳƷ
ֵģһȤûеģһһΣͳԣûͲԣҲò
ȻʯҶôԵĻ¹ԭҰæʿˡ
ߵûˣ¹Ǳ߲ʮ
ȵ¹ԭҰ绰ȥʵʱ¹ǱߵĻشǣûˡ
Ϻͽһ˷һ룬˾ȥˣһ϶ǳͲŹϰģճԹͣҲǺʳ
¹ϺͬԵʱҲֻͬ֡
ͬһԣоζ¹Ͼ͸˵ڶͬ¿ӣҲһ
һһ¹ȥǼţͱϷˡ
ڽǱߣ¹ߵһҲˡ
Ҳ˵
ʯҶϣˡ
ûУʯҶֲӲҪ¹ԭҰֻԼĲ̣Աߣǿš
˵һ࣬ѧѧӦҲһߵģôʯҶûţȴأ
Ҫ˵ڿˡ
ѧΣѧʦŪһԾд
ǿԡ
Ͼ͸ĳһ֣ΪʱԣѧʦҪԼ겻ߵ֡
ˣȻһʯҶ󣬱ͬס˽ţԡ
һȵʱѾûˡ
ҪʯҶ֪ᷢţô˷ʱͬĿ
ڵ飬֣ڡ
ãȵĻġ
񰡣ʶҲʮ˰ɡʯҶʼơ
ŲʯҶᣬԼŲŲʯҶԶһ㣬Ȼ磬Ҳֻôһš
ʯʲô֪ܲ

ܸġ
İɡΪ˷ֹʯҶ󲻹棬־ͣԷȰԼŸ˵
ʯҶһĴ㣬Ͼͼˣһֻ־ͳȥˡ
ס죬ôԡ
һУû뵽ʯҶȻôɣµýʵʵţȻûŵġ
˦ʯҶ֣㵽ŲܰҾһ˭Լġ
һ룡һ룡ʯҶ֪Լ񽲵ûõģֻˣץס֣ǲš
˾ôסˣûа취ʯҶô֮£ֻܰԼһΪ
ԱߵĴС֮ѡ˴һߡ
ʯҶ󲻸ýֺͷ붼֪ҪǸһ붼Ҫˡ
õҪţڣʯҶӹһڳԵˡ
СһȭͷţһʯҶû⣬ο
ţʯҶǰųԹģõĲϣҲ¹ԭҰõĲ࣬Ҳ㹽֮ġ
ģо¹ĺóԡ
һڳԽ棬гһһʳȫһһҧȥ㹽ȻʳĴŵζ㲻üӼʣһҲǺóԵը
ûõţʯҶǺڣڳ֮󣬶ԼʧǸţʯҶرڡ
ҪǲǾܹһ˶һˣ
뵽ԼʧǸţʯҶ̲סĵ̾һ⻹ֻǴһأڳӡ
ʯҶѾǳˣпѮڣҲҵʱˡ
ʱҲ̫һɣ
ѧھȻȥһˣ
ȻʯҶ󲢲뵽п֮־ԸУǸУҲڶͨУصкһͨС
ʯҶǰĳɼոϣصδ
ѧڣʯҶĳɼʦҳʱ˵ʯҶܹڵ״̬Ļصкϣ
ʦ˵ʯҶְָ˻ˡ
ǰҲû뵽ʯҶȻôϢҳᣬ˵ʯҶһ㻨ǮԺúȺãŬѧϰ
ʯҶʱڶһ㻨ǮĿУ˺Ҫһ㡣
صУصϣȻȷʵһأǾȴңԶʯҶɹصеĻ
һζʯҶû취ٴС¹СԷˣ
ô˵һ
˵пҪҪòһ㣿Ȼмѧ
ö˶˳ŷͻȻʯҶһ⣬ΪԼˣķʯҶ󣺡ǲǻˣ⿼һ㣿ʲôأ
Ҿ뵽ǿصˣԺҪסУˣǲͲԷ𣿡ʯҶԼĵĵط˵
һĺе
صǱȽȵģֻҪӣûġ
趼ۺˣп֮һص㣬ھ͵пˡ
Ҳ˵С¹СֻܹԵµˣ
ʶһ㣬ˣû׼
һ˿ңʯҶ󣬡˵صǱߵʳôʦ᲻úóԣ
ϾҲصа
ѧҪǲԺõĻôѧϰ
ʯҶĬˡ
ʵûа취˵ٻӦáѧУɡ


84 
⻰һ, 񶼳Ĭˡ
ѧУ࡭
ǲǱС¹СԶ
Ҫ
С¹С˿һ꣬Ѿ죬ԸٽѧУʳˣ
ջڻʯҶӻ, Ҳ̲סʯҶǸ
ǹпԼһ, ñѧ, ȻС¹Сķ
صкͨС
ѡҪӲˮ, ˶ѡصеİɣ
ʯҶΪһڳԵģص, Ҫ֪, ϶˵ӽˮˣŻῼ
ӽˮ˵ģֻʯҶ
κ, ֪ľ֮, ǴܣҲĬĬؿʼˡ
Ǹ, ѡֻһȷ𰸣ص, иѡС¹С
ҪС¹С
ʯҶ˰, ͻȻȫûбҪ
ĳɼѧвǾصз߻кܳһξ룡
ȻҲûԼص, ѧ, Ժ󲻳ĻǻС¹СԷġ
ʯҶǵĵ⣬ͲҪĵġ
һ뵽ԼԺԼС¹С, ʯҶǲУͬ飬ǰο˵ʵѧУҲûôѳͨĴˮ׼ѣҲôų⡭
⻰˵ã
վ˵۰
ʯҶһϾͰߵһȥˣһϽ
Ҫʲôصеʳôˮ׼
Ҫڸеʱ򣬼С¹Сķˣ
ص㣡
ĲܿظߵӦе̣һӾҵĺģĹؼ
СӲѡ񣬴˵ȻȫҪ
ظҪС¹СҲҪ
˵¹磬¹صԱ߿С¹СֵӲ
ĿѾгˣ˼취
ȣгصпСĺô
ʯҶ󣺡Ŀг󡣡
񣺡Ŀ˿Ͷࡣ
Σ
԰ţ
ȻصпСĻ
ʯҶ󣺡ûС
񣺡ûС
ΣûС
¹ԭҰصԱ߿С¹Сֵ꣡
ߵһߵ̲ס˵ˣĿгҲСѧѧв͸вĿ˿Ҳ࣬С׶εѧҲѧУʳú͸Сûһܴġ
¹粻ֻһСֻ⼸ʮ𣿡֮ǣѵûп¹ı
¹еҵģС¹СھͲֻôһˡ
Ҳֻôһҵꡣ
ôһȺû໽лˡ
ڿС¹Сֵ˵ǣǲ˿Ҫأ¹簡
Ǿܹ˵¹Ŭ𣿡һֱꡣ
ȷʵʯҶ󣬻˹ԵҪһ㡣
صпС¹Сķֵ꣬ǰһ飬¹㣬Ŭôأ
ʯҶ񣬻ν
ΣֻƸˡ
ʯҶ󣺡ͬ
񣺡Ҹ顣

ǺǸоԼǲһƵ˵ʲô
ΣȻǶ¹ıʣôΪǸҸ
ʯҶ󣺡Ҫ취¹Сߡ
񣺡ǳԲţҲԣ
ڿЦ𣿡
û˵һ㶼ڿЦͻȻʶһ㣬һҪ˳ɹˣ
Ҹû
Բǳɹ
ʹǱŻƻǵļƻȻ
Ϊ֮ǰ¶ӪϾͱ˸ˣѾΪǻ

ⲻ
ҪصеļһﻹֵܳͼĴ
İɣ

ѣʯҶ󣬻ѾʶԼĴ󣬸ĿĿΪȰ˵¹СᵽظԱߡ
⣬ְ
ʲô𣿡
ôˣû취վû취
ε˵һ㣬Һ˵¹ķӺԼģСԼ¹ǲóġ
侲һ£ʵ˵¹ȥصԱ߿СԲǺܴϰĻֻҪ֤ǱгĴ׬ǮܱĶ࣬Ǿ˵ɹ
¹籾㰡

صг׬ǮܱĶֻ࣬Ҫһ鷳¹ܰٷְƽѽ
ڸ꣬ҸĽ취еУǲܴ¹Ǳ֡
ֻܿԼ
ţʰߣŽ벻취ֻҪСԷĳ
һһ취ģ
ʵ취ҲѾˡ
һҪ߳ԷĳͳⲿмܿظߵģмǴѧвġ
ǰսѣߡ
Ҳսѡ
ҶΪ˸ҸŬȻսѣ
С¹Сڣ˽ȴӿ
Сһһ
ѧǵС¹ԭҰ͸СϹһһоûС
һ㳡衣
ҪǴ֤õ˵
Ȿֻ֤С¹ͿԳǰõıٱˡ
¹ԭҰҲҪ˶ģǾ˸ǣؿڵ֣ϰˣһĿھȥ԰ɢˡ
԰еԶСѧȥһĵطҪͨһ·
·߳ģΣգ¹Ҫϵǣ¹ԭҰûҲ˩ˡ
ϵһγţ˷ܣᵽܣС¹̫Сסϣᱻܡ
¹ԭҰ˶ͯǣֻһĶͨţһ¹ϣһڰϡ
¹ԭҰͰ֪棬һĿѹ·
ڱȴһڴų䡣
ﻹһСèСһͷƯС¹
С¹ģǻû˵ţ·ͣͳֻ¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰҲֹȻϳţѾ׼
ҲеĽϣҲɴ¹ǣߡ
ĵ¹ԭҰ˵ˣ¹ԭҰĸӣû뵽𨾹Ȼϲpy
棬
¹ԭҰʾ:ͥڵĲУ˽µǿ԰¡
û԰ܸо԰ֵķΧſк̯ܶߵģ·ģԵģʲô߰ĶС
վڹ԰ſڣʮ㳡ϣһŴ˹㳡衣
԰滹һС򳡣Ȼˣõģ˴Ŷ䣬һһĺˮµĺۼ
۾ˣ͸ѽ԰Ƶģ¹ȡ
ζק¹ԭҰȥ˼ҵ̯Ͽմսͱĳζô˸磬С¹¶֣Ӿͺװְ𨣬׸С¹һģһ
˵Ļæ˵:ǿ߰ɡʵ̫!
¹ԭҰԼҲܲˣϹӽ˹԰˹㳡ڻ̳߿㳡衣
ôһ༸ӣϾȻָˣһһߵģ¹ԭҰԱ߿ŶЦ̲ס͵͵óֻ˸ƵǼҵȺͷ
ֲ֡
Ƶ¹ԭҰ̧ͷջ˵뱻¹ԭҰǣߵİС¹ˡ
ң¹ԭҰһ¾Ϳնյ¹ˣ˳¹ֿ𨣬֪ʲôʱ˾Ȼͻ쵽㳡ͷ
ѧϰͦǿԱ߿һѧˣ̧˦ģǰһûҪá
ôϲӣ¹ԭҰͰѹ乫԰ճУÿ극С¹дҵߵӵʱ򣬾ʹȥ԰䡣
ʵʼʱ¹ԭҰֻɢɢǱ㳡Ǳߴա
¹ԭҰͰֻܸϡ
㳡趼ʶֻС¹дС¹һˣûʢһ˴С¹ǡ
¹ԭҰܾġ
һĿڣ⣬˶롣
Ӷ¹ԭҰֻܼ롣
ǣÿߵҹ԰ˣܿ㳡棬һһݴһСһ¹Ｄ衣
˵ͦôһµġ
һ¹ĶֵĽڵϡ
ô˼죬¹ԭҰϲط֣أ½ķȱ˰!
ڵƣԤڣ¹ԭҰɼ
ǲðǴߣ¹ԭҰǼǸ


85 
һʱȥ, ¹ԭҰ˽׶Գɹ֮Լһ㽱ԼóԵġ
ʲô, ȴ¹ԭҰˡ
ʲôζ, 嵭, أ
¹ԭҰһ¾, С⽡
ǵСʱ򣬻Сֳ, ֳǾ, ˹úޣҪȺ⽵Ļ, ֻҪһ, СͻͣһȺζС⽡
¹ԭҰҲûôС⽵, ôһ룬ˮе̲סˣ
, һͽСˣ
¹ԭҰһȥ˲г, ˵ʱ˳Ƥ⣬Ȼ⽵к֣ܶʵģƤ, ײ˵, ġ
¹ԭҰҪģͨĴС⽡
ʵ֮Ĳ, ֻѡ⣬Լò˵ϸϸضˣϣֱӾͿ⽡
õĻκεζʵô㡣
ʣµķⲿ֣Ҳõ˷ѣ糴˵ʱ򣬿Ȱѷһˣζرĺá
¹ԭҰʵ̫⽣һÿһڣƤһĨһһ⽾ˡ
ôַ߳¹ԭҰǲġ
⽵ַ¹׶ܹʦͨ
ÿһڣڻƤм䣬Ƥ£ԼͻƤһ
ۺɫھ׹⽵棬ͺëһƤ䵱ëĲ֡
ʵС⽣Ҫõô⣬˵һڲС⽵ԼԣͲҪںôˡ
⵱ȻԽԽóˡ
ܹˮԱõˮһһˮȵˮ֮󣬰⽶ȥƤһˮˣڵĲֻҪռ룬̫ãȻƤᱻãζͲˡ
⽵һ⽵Ȼ˵ԭԭʳ֮ƤϵĵۣͻڽУճڸоͲˡ
¹ԭҰΪʲôҪصպˮԭ
ϲˣϺףлեˣźκһļʣȻֱӳ뿪ˮϲˮݿٰõ⽷ŽȥԼĿζըͼ˿
ǲгԱ֮󣬴ؼԼըģըʱ¹ԭҰ˳ըһЩ⽡
ը⽣ƤĲرִ࣬ûоκεζеֻƤը֮һζζ
ڵĲľͺ˾ˡ
ڳûκεζҲûκεĵζʱ򣬳Եľζ
¹ԭҰǰûôƷڣΪԼʲ͵Ĺϵڶζر⡣
ζÿ˶Թȥ˵Ļ塣
㣬ڸҲִ¸ӳгڵζ޷ֻгԵˣŻһֻȻĸо
Ҫ˵Ļ¹ԭҰֻһ䣬ζ
С¹ѧС⽵ģֻ¹ԭҰͰˣҲǲڵġ
Ϊ֮ǰŵ飬ڶڼҳǳԶŨҵĺ棬¹ԭҰǳԶ̲סҲԡ
ֲЩʱ¹ԭҰͰ𨲻ԣͻ¶һҪӡ
û취¹ԭҰͰÿγԷʱ򣬶ðƭ¹ȥ档
ǳԷöϣǻܳζصġ
ҪζŵˣϾ֪㱳͵ԣʱ򣬿ɾͲôˡ
¹ԭҰҲǾ˺üѪѵ֮󣬲ܽ˾顣
ΪС¹ӤҪչ˵¹ԭҰ̫ˣ
ҪǱ͵ԱץҲˣû͵ԣץͺԩ˰
¹ԭҰÿҪˣڳһǼСʱÿ극ܻմζֲַ¹ԭҰȥ˻ȥ͵ˡ
¹ԭҰյ˺öϵİۣһֱ˺ü죬ǰϵ˼ʽ³յĴ𰸡
¹ԭҰŽ˱̥۵Ĵ
صС¹ǲֵ⽣ʣµƤڣҲȫȻڱ棬
ʱ䣬ڷѧǰʮӣ¹ԭҰͿʼˮȵСѧķѧʱͿʼ⽡
ѧǻܳԵոõСˡ
Сÿ˶ţš
¹ԭҰȻԼϲԭζ⽣Ա߷˴׺ͣԼģζǺ㡣
ʯҶŵĽѵҲѧУ浢ˣһ¿ξСܵС¹СԷ
ҪڴϿ񱼵ӲÿʯҶܸһ㡣
ǱԼĲ̣һ̸Լһ㷹СԷһرá
̲ʳİһ˵ʱӶǶġ
һȥҨǶ٣ľǶ٣Ҳر󷽣һһģ涼׷ˡ
ʯҶǽһüЦ
ȻˣҲ˭ӷôġ
﹤һʱ䣬Сʮˣ̶ʶˣ֪Է֣֪ÿ˵ĴŷǶ١
֪ʯҶԵô࣬Ÿôࡣ
˷ͲˣʯҶȰѲ̷ŵϣȥ
񶼲ҪζҨһ״ף棬⽼Ӵףϰߡ
ʯҶ󣬳˴֮⣬
صλϣʯҶȰС⽸ҨԵѩ׵Ƥϣմĺͣȥȥȴһ㶼
һڣƤϾͱƤ֮ٳǸֻʣһƤ
ʯҶϳԵľС⽣Լģ͵ġ
һС⽣ʮңһҪ߿飬Ǳߵʮţȫһ𣬿Ҳͱȵߵš
ʯҶһڳԵ⣬ζô㣬رһһʯҶͳԵС⽲֪Ҫ϶ٱ
ϳԵǸʲôŶ
ֻôһ㣬ʯҶһڣԲע⣬ܺĴڣ¹ôʵڡ
ʲôŶ
춼
ҲʮŰɣ
ʯҶֳһһһС⽣Ǻݵģ⽾ôһţֻܱһΡ
ǳζûˣС⽵ζжô֮ʯҶľжôĿ顣
ȻˣɫζȫҲܺóԣʯҶҲһ԰ôóԵС⽳Ը
¹ʲôʱһǵԸ
֪ܣʯҶԾؿ˸ڵ
ͰԼС⽳ԵˣΪ֪óԵĶ꣬ͻᱻ˶ϣ͸ԼϰߣҲѺóԵĶˡ
ʯҶ󿴹ȥʱŷ
ûԹݷء
ʣζֺ嵭׷֮еǣ׷ϵĵڽȻӰ쵽ˮĿڸУڳԵǻġ
¹ҵ׷ñȽӲУÿһ׷ֿˣߣÿﻬ׷һԽ档
ݿ˵ǳϲ˺Ϻ׵Ŀڸв̫ͻζҪԴեĩĿڸУ׷׽ĸоֱղܣ
θڴ󿪣
оݷһӳԽȥö෹
ڣȥŪ˵ÿӰ迪Ⱥ׷ȺˮвͬڸеϣһһᣬԽͣ˳ʳθθůˡ
֪ͷ϶һϸϸСȫӰ첻ԷĽ࣬Ĩͷϵĺ·Էֱ治ʣһ׷Ϊֹ
һãҪһȥٷĽ
Ϊ˰ĿΣʳȫˣĶӣΪٴװʳóġ
ֳԱҸУʯҶŬѧϰĶ


86 
¹׽е, ոεͳǰŽС
һ£ǲʵ, ̴ķ, ȥǱ߳Է, ˼Ѿˡ
ӵмһСӣװըִ⽣Ա߻һС÷ӽ
, ¹ԭҰը˷, Է, ÿ
Ϊը⽵, ¹ԭҰûرǳ극֮ܳԡ
˼Ե, һ뵽ԼȰը⽳, ȵС¹, ǳը⽵ʱ, Լûóˡ
ֻܿǳ۲, ôһ, ˼һֱȵڡ
ò׵ȵС¹ˣ˼˷ܵغը, С¹, ǿը⽰ɣ
С¹ְ˵, ըһ˿˼һ˵, һָʾ⽡
˼ǰûгԹը⽣ֻԹ, ֪ը⽺òóԣûϵ
ըĶóԡ
¹׺ͳ˼ĻѲ̷ϣûа˼˵ģȥը⽣ȥˮǱߣϴҺ
ˮͷ棬ش֣ÿطϴɾȥԷ
ǰûϰߵģС̫ʱǱߵʦҪôѧҲҪÿѧϴ֡
ϰ߻С¹С֮󣬿¹ÿ췹ǰϴ֣ŸС¹ġ
ϴ֣¹ÿȥը⽡
ը⽱ը֮״ÿһõòõĻǼвõģ¹׵Ŀѧúܺãеúȣܼըȥպ÷ӽ
ξ΢һ㣬еĹУը⽲ϣ̷ǳգ˳ؼеˡ
ȻҲûպ÷ӽ
÷ӽһְ͸ģٺɫģ滹ɢһЩ÷Ľϣըһ㣬պһ㽴ϣȳζϲϲ
ը⽴ģģС޷ܵζ
γһڣ۾ϾˣÿӼը⽣պ϶Ľϣʣͷһ̾úóŶ
С¹ʲô˼ָ÷ӽ¹ס
¹׻ش𣺡÷ӽ
÷ӽ˵ǼͥгֵñȽٵһֽϣɳзѽȣ÷ӽûô
÷ӽζһ㶼ȷѽɳ
൱ܴ
÷ӽ֣ܶ˿ܻĹӦǺͲݮһͿ˾ԣֻǷӲŨ֭ˮݳ÷֭
ôΪĻǾʹش
÷ӽ÷ΪҪԭϣ״ףɰǣɵһֳóԵģĽϡ
÷Źǣ÷ѼҲˮɳĽϣͿҲû⡣
ԱѼͳ潴֮⣬Ҳ÷ѡ
¹Сر˵˼òǺܶӣNɇNɾͰ¹ԭҰЩ÷ӽʳ˵һ顣
Ǽըŵʱպ÷ӽʱҲպ÷ӽ
÷ӽóԾͶˡ
¹׵Ľ˼ͳÿˮҪˡ
ȫ¹׵Ļ÷ӽʲôζڲڳ
ĺС¹˵ըպ÷ӽպ÷ӽŶ
˼ĨĨԼǵĿˮҲҪ̸Ȼ̸ըţըԣС¹μΣʱҲһҼҳѽ
һæͷ˵ѽѽ
¹ҲͷӦˡ
СѾըպ÷ӽżպ÷ӽպ÷ӽζ
̿κ¹˽ȥͲҲûãԼǶ˽ȥˣǶڹԹԳԷӣЦеسȥˡ
γһС⽣¹׺˼Ǳ֪ǸղųԵը⽣СһĶ
ֻһըģһˮġ
ܺóԣǳԼϲըģ÷ӽζرãԵĻԼС⽣÷ӽը⽳ԡ
СӵʱȽϼ򵥣嵭Ǹ÷ӽдը⽡
Ȼõģʵǲпġ
Ϊ¹׺˼Ҳôġ
˶С⽻ը⽣ûը⽻С⽣ʽô
緹ξҪѧУȥˣ˼ҲҪ̻ؼȥˣ¹ǻطдҵ
дҵҪøְֻġ
¹ȥְķˣͿְִŵܵڴ˯ܵ˯ְڿƵ
е֣¹׳Űְְҵʱһ£뵽ﲻˡ
ְ֣أ
ƽʱ˯ʱ򣬰ְֺ趼һŵܵ˯ģǽôû裿
ϰȥˣһͻ¹ԭҰһãһ߼ҵһ߻ش¹׵⡣
ϰࣿʲôİְֺÿ춼ڼȥϰࡣ
μκİְһÿ춼Ҫæϰ࣬ûʱǣ˵Ǽҵˡ
֪¹ΪְĹǵͥͥ
¹ԭҰ֪һֱнģһֱûȥϰ࣬ҲΪûйġ
ֱ֪ԭ𨲻ûйǹ٣ټ¼ٺͲ٣ԾͿԲȥϰࡣ
ڽ죬Ϊ𨵥λˣ绰ðȥȼ
Ϊʲô¹ԭҰҲ֪ǹȥף
Ĺݵʱ¹ԭҰΪڿЦһ뵽ʵݣϻڶʱŪǼ顣
õģǵףͷ˵ףһġ
ףֻǿͷ˵˵ʵûʲôãȻɵףף
Ϊ׽ƽʱɻʲôģΪû÷ʲô͵Ҫǰ𨾭ԭڰ¹ɢ¹ԭҰ˵Ļǰ𨻹Ǹɽ
С¹Ǹ⣬¹ԭҰ˼һ£ҵһǱȽеĴ𰸣ӦǵԱġ
Ա
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¹׵ҵûд¹ԭҰҵ¹ףҵȫԣøģԼȥʰã˯ǿƬ
Ƭܺÿ¹͵ܵһ˯
ҵŻ֮󣬾͸ϿˣڵܵԱߣѵܵܵıקԼһ룬ű۾˯ˡ
˯ӣ¹ԭҰҲоеˣصֻǵԱߣһֻӣ۾Ҳ˯ˡ
ʱ򣬻û¹Ͽεʱ䣬ոǳȥĿȥˡ
иİĺֻñ¹ԭҰӵˣԷǰͬ£ʰҪףġ
ǵ绰¹ԭҰӵˣİ룬һοܻӣ귢ֶԷǴȥϰġ
ϹҶϵ绰
ʲôʱͿʲôʱˡ
α¹ԭҰӵˣͲټװ֪û취ֻһ£ҪףÿݼĻȥ
ףȻãҲвơ
ȷĶһľ룬ԼףЧ޵ġ
ǰûĻףЧͻۿۣܱûеĺá
ΪûȷĶ󣬾ҲȽԶ԰͵ǲףףҪһ塣
ѡǺؿôĺؿò㻨Ǯˣ˵ǸС¹ʳ̷ۣﶼˡ
ؿǮܵñɡ
ôǹҵλôռһСɽıˡ
˺¼˻ҵλڶԷؿǮת֮󣬰Ǯһ
˺źǸԱʰݵǶ٣ϢշȥͷԼˡ
ĸӣfuck˵
˹Ա˺ţԼҪ˰æֺȻذѹԱ˻
ͺղŵȫһ


87 
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¹ԭҰǰʱ, ̲ס̾һǸ۸, ؼ֮, ֿ¹棬׳˶
ˮ֪ؾˡ
Ҳʱˡ
¹ԭҰ˿һ갡, ǵȵ˰¹, ¹Ĳ, ȻûرĹЧ, ζͷҪúܶࡣ
ŸոճԹζôõ, ¹ԭҰ̲סͲϵˡ
, ¹ԭҰɱ, Լ, Լ, Լ, Ҳüߺϸ˲ܷġ
һͷüٽ¹ԭҰԼԲ꣬ǰҪ, ǹһûг, ˲㡣
ȵ, ִȵļ, û취¹ԭҰֻʱûȼƻ
Ҫ˰æ
Ҫ, Աȫ֪ô˵ˣĸӵøë߲ˣҪģҪ
Ȼ׸ͲĹΧڣڲ֮
Աæϵ˾һ׳һȥɱһվˣǼߡ
ֻҪڼžˡ
¹ԭҰһֱŵ飬𨱾¹ԭҰģǽһһС˯
ûţ¹ԭҰԱ£ŵģ¶ˣ¹ԭҰС¹ϳѡ
Ÿ£۾ûüϡ
ԴͻȻһ𶯣𨻹ûüӦ¹ԭҰͷһ죬𶯾ͣˡ
¹ԭҰӣ¹˯ͷֿǵϣԲرõֻ𶯣ûֵӡ
¹׵ģ¹ԭҰûʲôϵ
¹ѣԼȥѧ¹ԭҰǸŲŲճһ˵λãð˯
ҲżѺϢ¹ԭҰֱ˯ңQʱŰѻ˻ɱϢ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰǴԼȥص׳ɱģ˳ѧϰһɱɵģǼȻŽѧ
¹ԭҰҲ⡣
ɱĵط¹ԭҰѡϼңԱ߾ѧУɱѪζ̫Ļ
ڴĻνˡ
ɱֳá
¹ԭҰҪɱʦĩʱģԴ˹ߣ¹ԭҰɱİ취
һʱҲû취ѧᣬ¹ԭҰֻʦƵ¼ˡ
ʵũɱİ취࣬ǶһĲ裬¹ԭҰͿǸӴȥĽһţֱͦͦڵϲˣҲʦȥѪҲûзӦѪ֮ǹë֮ǽ塣
ȻǲгϿ֣λֿӡ
¹ԭҰΪ⻭ǳѪȵģû뵽ʦļرãرûзӦͱˡ
⣬ȥ¹ԭҰôࡣ
ʦǳһٷ֮¹ԭҰҪǰһ⣬ࡣ
¹ԭҰеִسԵûг֡
һһ󣬰ָС飬ñʴװҲһϴ֮ŵʴ棬ʱԵľͷŵ䶳
ҪԵľͷߣͰ֮ƽʱ˵ʱãͷĻֱ±ϣǽͿԳԵ
±õͷȥǰ꣬ʵЩ֡
ͷȻгƬ˴ͽʹ֮ĵζһˣŷǳˬڡ
ͷ⣬Ͱһ̣컨˺ܶҲȽۣ¹ԭҰģ¹һһİ档
¹֮ǰȥĸˮ̳֮Ͱ˾С
Լý֮ĵζϹģǰԣպʲôֻҪͣʲôţζ
ԵʱһҪסĳһڣȫ̼ˮĸоֻݡ
һɰĵһ֣¹ԭҰϲȣĵѾͣʸǽʵһ֣ĵƳʺʱԡ
Ļ¹ԭҰϲźɰϲˮ󵰣ƵȣҪֳʣҲȫ졣
ʱ򣬰ˮÿӼпһ£еɵĵƣ֮󣬳ɰͣһŨĸо
ձԵֵҺ̬ģ¹ԭҰҲԹ
ĳϳҹʱ˳˼ˮ󵰣Ϊûʱ䣬Եʱŷ֣ĵƲֻû졣
Ǹʱ򼦵Ѿŵˣ¹ԭҰֲóɴͳһơ
ļƣûб˵ζԣһֺܴĿڸУζĻΪζţ¹ԭҰԵζ
¹ԭҰԵĶǰ¹ļƷʱͱĺãûζҲǿġ
Թ󣬵ó¹ԭҰǿԽƵĿڸУƫرϲҲرᡣ
԰ɰˮ󵰣¹ԭҰһССá
Ϊ¹ԭҰӰ죬¹׺ͰҲϰߡ
һһɰȻո˵ϲã˻ǴУȻˣϲԴ׵ĿԼӴףϲĿԼ¹ԭҰԭζɵġ
һҪΣһ֮ǸʱĵζҲΪڲĻһ֮磬ʱͲðˡ
е֮ǵڶ裬ǰո˿ζе˼˴֮¹ԭҰҪԼٰһΣѼÿӴ飬˺ʹУˣ֮֮ÿһڣͬʱԵˣʹС
̼ˮʣάأһȫˣͨ͵Эͳһ
ȻܺóԣҲҪٷͷⰡ
ˬڵͷ⣬Ǵǵ䣬гɱƬζͷ
ͷȻóԣǳԶ˻ое¹ְóԼĹ̾ƣȥģõʱζǺܺãǷһ֮ζú˺ܶࡣ
͸ȹ֭һڵʱǴŹ̹𣬵ȵҺºʱһɾӿǻĸƮ˳˳űǻð
Ǻ֮󣬻̲סһµľơ
ĳˣһСƱƱǽɫĹ̾ơ
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̲סյ¹ԭҰԱ־ƺȣְ֣㱭ܸҳһ𣿡
֪¹ԭҰһܲ׵İְ֡
С¹¹ԭҰȻֵÿС¹ЦС¹ĿӣÿӼڱĹ̾պһ£С¹棬ζ
۵¹ԭҰƻա
¹ײû¹ԭҰһ£ϲζˡ
¹ְ̾ƣһµľ͸֭һģһѹС¹ϲζ
ī¹׳֮󣬻ٳϸС¹ĽŲҪ̾ƺˡ
Ϊһǿ׵İְ֣ȻǾܾ
Ȼܾԭ򲢲ΪСӺȾƲʲôġ
ֻΪѹ̾ƷָСڡ
¹ְȥҲǳԵһ¹̾ƣҲ֪ôúȰԾֻһСƿҲֻٺҵӡ
ٺأ
ÿƽˣһҲͼڵ÷ָСڰ
ȥȥȥСӺʲôơžƱ϶ӡ
īͬѧͺܲˣС¹綼ˣΪʲôĶͷƵסˣ֣ץſŬƱķȥ
ְ۸ңôŬһξ붼ûм٣īˣһ
ɰһպ̣˰ĳԵģشյԱߣð𨲻ע⣬͵Եġ
ļƻȴīƻˣһɹذԼ¶ˣƻʧܵ¹
ˣ岻õ֣ҳһڣ
¹ҪЦˣŽȵ񣬰ѽīйˣСŪһ㳢


88 
ѧʱ, ϸϸСƮϣ΢е㷳ˡ
ɡ, ое鷳, ɡɣȵԷĵط, ·϶ʪ
ⲻľ᷶Χ, ûɡҲ, ΪУñӹڱ鷳ÿ, ͰñӸժˡ
ûñӵ, ҲνһӣͷϣԼСһ, С¹Сͻ
ûɡҲֻ, һ·񱼵, ֻһұ޷ֺˡ
˵Ϊ˶, ˵ҵ˺ʵڴϿ񱼰ɡ
һ·ͽڿС¹СĴţǶܱ˶Այһ, QŽС¹С
ĵһɾʹɣ
һСůů, ŷ㣬Ŀӭ˰εĶϵعţȻûпĲɫ, ζ
ä¿⣡ŵζϾüǰԹĿ廨ˡ
ǽһ㰡
廨ⱻð͡
Ǹζ޵İ
ѧڣԵΨһһο⣬ҲûгԵˣΪ̫ѾԲˡ
ѵϰ벻ʲôˣǰҵ
ð
˫˫ͬ
ǰʳóԷʱظĲɫˣΪ׳壬С¹Сȫûǣ
һŵ˵ϰǱŻˡ
ԶˣΨһķվǽհϵ²ˣûгҹͳԲˡ
Թһ֮󣬾ֻܹԼԼϲˡ
ȻϰھҵˣǾ˵
ܹϲ˵Լᣬתʵˣ
밡
Լϲ˶Щ
e
̫㲻ˣ
ÿһϲˣ
ʲôԷˡԽȥ÷ˣһ㶼뷨ä¿⡣
ζҪä
ǿ⣡
վ¿⣬ΪʲôϽȥ÷Ȼԣ
̲סشˣ⣡ζĿˣ
վǰûọ̵̃ĲǱƮˣĲɫ˺ӣ֦һ㹽⽴
õֵʱ㹽⽴Ǹζ˱Ƕǡ
ⶼǿⰡ
˵õĿأ
ϰ㲻ô˵İ
һ˵顣
֦֦гһһģ֦ĴҲгС飬ཷ콷һ𳴣Ű֥飬ر·
㹽ĩҲرĺóԣ㹽Ǹ㹽ݷģ㹽ǿڸУζرãʵĩһ𳴣˹ͣŨĽɫ֭㹽ĩ
ʺҨһ԰
ˣȫر··ˣ޵кóԣǣ
ڱǼⲻϴתǸζ
أ
ǺԿⰡ
㣬Բ̫ģƽʱԸźѾ׼Բȥ֦ˣȻ
û뵽Ϊ֦̫óˣһڻ֦ȻеǳԿ׷ûˣһڻ֦׷úȣԼѻ֦ˡ
ཷ˵С߲ˡ
ǲʳĹԺӣԳԵʱҲཷԣཷĿڸУཷСӣҲ̲סҪһµģ
ֻҪһ£ͻᰮζġ
С¹С˰ѧڵķˣÿķ˶úóԣ㲻֪ģθھͱˡ
ǰҪæԼԲµķˣѾȫòˡ
õŰýʣ˵ܼį
ΪӣѧڣѾʼˣ岻ǹȥһۿȥͺܵ
൱ˣΨһһǡ
ܲٳһ㣡
ʲôģԼûһ
ڲǽܳǸˣһԼʳòð
ĿߣлҪ˵ȻϿȥԲնյһǿ鲻ܿҪ˵ġ
㿴سӣ
һ㶼ûغòã
Ȼʵ裬ŮʱǸ㽲ġ
ʾû֣ǿʳǱģ
Ҫˣ
ôҪ󣬵ԼԼͷԷܲٺ٣
ˮƽĲɫô̵סֻ԰뷹
ÿѧϰ
Աû˼ѧϰġ
ΪԼδŬԷ
ģ
ӹŲ̣һ׷ҲԽŻ㣬ǽȴǺ㣬ҪΪʲô
ȻǹǸζ
ԲζҲǺõġ
󣬡˵ζ˼ҼǸ˰̯տζǽԷʱʼһֱڻС
Ǹ˼ҼĻζӦòάôʱİ
ܾú˹̯ˡ
˼۾һȥҿȻʵеǶʱûݣΪԷĵطѧУܽĹϵǳ극֮󣬻ǿԹһġ
˵ˣǰҵĵط̫ʱġ
ǡ
һļϣ˶ֶֶԼʲôķŵյĵطζҹȥˡ
ҶڸǶߵĵطͦİģΪڳԵģǻǳˡ
ѧУԱߵֲǺܹģ·ǻ͵ģζΧС¹СתһȦ
ŶҲû뵽ôҵطˡ
ⲻС¹Сϰ
Ǿ˵ζΪʲôƮ˼ġ
ԭ˼ҾԺԿ⣡
ķ򻹸ζûɢһԶȫǰСƮȥˡ
õգǰӵͣĳ޵ҪԣǱϣǲԸ˿
װ·ŤͷˣȻȴèè衣

ϰԼԿΪʲôǰ
ϴĿ廨ⲻ
أ
ԣ
Ϊ̫óԣרĳԿ¹ԭҰûз˴Լǰƹ
ʵ¹ԭҰڻڼڣ֮ǰɱͷ̫ˡ
ڱأĿڸУζʧ
¹ԭҰҪĵȵʽ֮Կ⣬Ǿûôóˣ
¹ԭҰʹʱͣһ¼ʣʣһ˵
⿾Ե
¹ԭҰǼܾû˵ĵ翾¯˳
Ȼ̿𿾵ķζǽ꣬û취濾⣬ڼĻ̿⣬䶼Ǻ˵ġ
οǰ棬ڳԷ¹ԭҰ͸ˡ
֮¹ԭҰѡź߳ԣǶܵţܲ꣬úʳԿ⡣
Ϊ˳һٿ⣬¹ԭҰϾͿʼˡ
ðϵ׼Ͱˣ翾ʱȥ⣬أι̣Ȼ˯һ
Ǿܺ޹˼ɵسԿˣ
ڹֹֽʳմϣȻֽˢͣԵͿˡ
¹ԭҰ׼廨⣬Ｙ⣬һС̵ǣ±һģѾˣֱӳҲܳԣڹ濾֮󣬻óԡ
Ｙ廨Ļ¹ԭҰûرˣ֮պԼϲϳԾˡ
Ȼ˵ǳԿ⣬Ҳܺ緹׷Ҳرĺóԣ¹ԭҰ׼ҶˣоĲɳһЩкõݲˣ⣬ԼֳԿպϡ
üˬذ廨ŵ棬뿾̽Ӵһ룬һ죬ɫӵĵطð˳
¹ԭҰɫģˬذ廨Ｙͨͨȥ
ζʼ¹ԭҰˮҲƲסʼˡ
ǳⲻļҪȵ⿾͸˲ܳԣ¹ԭҰͰ͵سһݲˣˬࡣ
ͺܿθˣһݲ֮󣬸θӣ
¹ԭҰͲҪ
ûû
¹ԭҰļȶʼˡ


89 
, 廨ˣ̿ڵĿ֭һȦպ֭, Ȼһڳȥ
ĸо
¹ԭҰԷˣ
õ廨, պϿ֭֮Ҩһ״׷, Ȼѿ棬ͽ
ͳ˳ζĿ˾ˣ
ȻＹ⣬Ｙⳬ۵, ÿҧһ, һ֭ˮĸо, տõĸ, Ǹζ
ˣ
, ǿ֮󣬳;ҧסһ㣬һ˺, ּ֮以ĸо
ŶŶŶŶŶ
¹ԭҰȲ뿪
ôû
ҪһԲźó԰
¹ԭҰİ, ں庢ӡ
Ͱ֮ǰ˵õ¹ԭҰȥʱ򣬰ȥιӣע, ڵʱ, ¹Ƿѧǰʮӡ
ƽʱ¹ԭҰͰι̵ʱ䣬һ㶼ڷѧ֮ӡ
Ȼʱ˶٣ôһʱ䣬ʱǿ, Ӧǲġ
ǸûõСӤôʲôʱأȻ
ѧУ
бѧУʱĵط
ÿ춼Ҫ׼ʱ壬϶ѾϰҪѧУ֮ٺˣ
죬ûеȵǸ̾ˡ
Ȼ˼Сﻹİ
ֵؿŰ𨣬ʽôôͺˣ
𨻹ôأȻǺϵСʣȥ
͵ߵ̣ϻܲԲɣ
һڵס죬Ϻȵһ⣬ǸС飬ܵòˡ
ûûһ㣬ȱ˾˯ɡ
һ˳ϵıһ߿ƿԽԽ٣ڣ
Ϻˡ
ϲϲ˲죬ãȻڴϣСӶˡ
Ա֮˯ϵϰߣǽ컹ûеʱ䰡ȻԱ˷ϾԼһ
ֻС¹󣬾ôŰ𨡣
ıΪĦһطԼ֪ðĬĬط
ҡΪڸ棬ⲻ˯ϽŸСԴһһأоڴġ
𨣺
û취ˡ
Ӳ˯ô죡
ʵа취ġ
ָסϵֻ۾һ·ֶΣȻ󡭡
ȵŲʱֻ۾ѾˣĻܹϺĺ
㶨
Կȥ
ʱҪٲĻ¹ԭҰҪȥˡ
Կ䷹൱û¹ԭҰʵķգȥһ뷹һ߲
Ȼֻ߲ˣͷ˺ܳʱ䰾ĸζ
һܳԵõ廨⣬¹ԭҰԵǲܳԵķʽһ˾ͽ
Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
óԵðüëչˡ
һ̹
¹ԭҰŶ̲ס̿ˮǺʳĶʳʤ¹ԭҰʵسͣ໴ðŪһ
أ
һڳԵ¹ԭҰжÿҪˡ
þûгԴ׷ˡ
׷俾ζĺúó԰
Ŀ⣬С꣬Ҳȫģ
һһڡ¹ԭҰѾԱˣʲôģѾ˿˻ô࣡
ȻץסʱܳԵʱԸʹѽ
ⲻ׷Ҷ棬պ˽֭ŵݲˣٷŵ⡭
ˬˣҶζݲ˵𣬺ҪĿ⡭
¹ԭҰ̲סҪʼҡˡ
˶ˣ˺Ҫһˡ

ȥ˵ʱ򣬿͵꣬뵽ҪԵĿ⣬¹ԭҰԿþԸоô
ڲǶ磬гûıƤ
ǰһ취˵ǰѽƤһÿŽƤҪˢͣȻߦڹˣÿŽҿǱһž
ǰûԹ¹ԭҰ쳢һ£Ȼ˳ľΪһʮš
ƤǮʣºܶ࣬ԵĻˡ
Ϊ׼⣬ʲôĺæ¹ԭҰ֮󣬾Ͱűˣնóˡ
ӱóҶٷˣССһžû˴󣬷Ƭõ廨⣬ݲˣҲǣǵ㾦֮ʡ
еĲȫˣȻһͽ桭
˼Ϊ̫ˣеŲ¡
̰Ҫһ̵¹ԭҰеѿȫʳС
Ҹder
¹ԭҰְһݸ𨣬Ÿҧһڣ¹ԭҰȲʣôζ𣿡
ҧŶ˵ֻһĴָʾԼ˼˵գȻûл˵ġ
ǿԼ˵óԣĺóԣԷԵı֪ˡ
¹ԭҰû̹ѧǻûзѧ̻ûпʼæ¹ԭҰϽְ˼廨ԡ
¹ԭҰ⿾ζаǰŶеܲˣʮˣôͺܲ˼
¹ԭҰ˼¹ԭҰʢȴټҲˣԾ͹һ
û˼Ҫ¹ԭҰõģԼְˡ
Ϸǰûг˵ϰߵģڵ˴ѧϰ˿˵ĳԷоǣǾò˲˲ܳԡ
Ҷˣ̶ûţ棬ͷ˿⣬ݲˣҲûеġ
ûгϰߣ˵Ļܳԣڿ涼⣬ûп⡣
һˡ
ûϹѧ̣벻ʲôĿ֪ر𱡣Ŀرóԣ
С¹֣ôģ
ǼͥǵϰˣԵóԵĶ̲ס˼ⶫôģôı˼ʮķˣҲǸоԼֹ
ѵģ
̶Բ˳ôϤͲ֪гľ
¹ԭҰҲ˽ֱӸ̣ýƤģŽƤͿͷճȻߦߦˣͿˡ
̻ȻԭǲѣҲ֪취ǾûڽƤϡ
ƽʱӶϱæŹȥ̫С¹ְ⣬˲˻Լڼ濾⣬оͦģġ
һĿ
Ѱ˼ţӺͶϱƽ﹤æĿ꣬ĸҪȥԵģһٷû칤ʣ̸᲻á
С¹ְģܳԵÿģԵıֱ˲١
ȻûС¹ְĵ翾̣Ǽе¯Ҳƽ׹ӦҲǲ˶ٵġ
˵ŻأǾѧУ¿ˡ
ѧϾҪˣ̸ϽһڿԵϴϴ֣׼ȥѧȥˡ
Сѧټһ꼶ǰʮ¿εģûһ˼¹ףгˣͱߵߵ˽
һ¹׾ͺÿźÿŵӣŵĿζˣ۰㰡ǽкóԵˣ
Ҳĵģÿ춼Ժööķ
ΪӪ⣬趼ȥάƬγˡ
˼ǵһ̵ģ̣ԵʲôѽСӣ̵ģ̿ɸˡ
˼ǰڼʲôѽ
ӣ㹽ĩг֦һ߻ش˼⣬һ߰Ѳ̸ǣĳ֦еܲܳԣ
浣Ǵ˳ԵõģСӾͲһˡ
ҪȻ̰ǻ㹽ĩɡ
ûԵ˵Ļĳ֦һ˵Ҫѳ֦㹽ĩСѣԴһһҡÿ졣
òãܳԡߵˣҪԼĲ˻˼͸ƨɺ˻һ
Сŷ˳
£һζŨģ㣬ˡ
һ˭Ķ
˼¹һûܣ
ҵĶӶˣ


90 
¹һ۾ͿְֺڿıӰ, ϷӣչȥְڸʲôСβ͡
ְԼ͵͵Կⲻң¹ǽһ𾪡
⻹ǰǸʲôİְ
¹ԭҰͲµС¹, ߵĿ, ǱߵײͷˣȻײͷҲܺóԡ
ڿ廨Ｙ, ǣ߾Ͳһˮƽϡ
ⲻɫζܹײͷά
¹һ仰Ҫװİְֺ˵ְ, , һԷӦ, ҪС¹һ˿
СС¹Ļ, ¹ԭҰϾ;ܾˡ
ٶ֮, ֻ޷ĸݣ
¹ײΪʲô𨣬ĬĬתȥװûпȻôеԲС¹, ǡ
ֻͷ˫, ̴š
Ȼ÷ֶǿ˯ûˣ
ΪѾ÷ˣҪԣ˷ѡ¹ԭҰ˵ţһ, Ե˿۵öＹ
ۺúóԣ
Ҹô, Ⱦ۸̡
ǵûд
˾ȻͿʼȾƣ
¹ְֵĹ̾ƴĴţ¹ԭҰͻȻԼϹˣȥ÷ƣѾ, ϶Ѿܺˡ
¹ԭҰ͵һС÷õɫ͸Һװ͸Ĳƿ棬ܿ˺
ڱһڣȻܸߣȴĹ֭һһһȼյĸоڿǻˡ
һȥ˾
ȻڴȾƣ¹ԭҰûд÷ƵĶеߣ͵ССһƿձƵľƾ֡
ССһƿƯǲ̫ܴһƿֻװңӵͦһװһ
¹ԭҰȥ˫ʮһʱģͼƬƿƯ뵽Լҵ÷ƣ̲סˡ
֮ͷѻңһֱûù
룬Ӧǻǰ£ӰãȻʫ黭ֺȷڰڿԱߵĺ÷ƿ
ʲôʫ黭⣬˭ǵôడ
װְֻظ¹ףȻ֪˵ʲôˣְҲ̫޳˰ɣ
Ϊʲôȥ򷹣
ΪְûиС¹Կ
Ҫ֪Կ⣬ôȥ򷹣
¹ԭҰô۸̣ûԺܻᱻĿܣ
㿴ܶ㵱ҵԵǿＹ⣿
С첲šȣ¹ֻܻȥʵʵسԷΪԲϿ⣬û뵽һ壬ְ˵ȳԷ극֮⻹ʣĻԿǸ㳢һڡ
ʲôǶ
¹׺޲һԨ޿ڣһھܰѷ̵
¹ԭҰ˵̻ʣҷֵĻͱԿˡ
¹ôأ
ϵȻ˵ʲô
Ȼ¹ԭҰҲôħˣΪܺóԣԼһƴԣȻ¹׳극֮ǰеĿⶼԵ
Ĳôħˡ
ֻ΢һĿԶѡ
ô˵Ļ
С¹޵İɣĻ޵İɣ
ȵСѷʱ¹ԭҰʱ䣬õ棬˹ȥǼӲˡ
ýƤıƤѾˣҲֻܸǳԳ˰ӡ
Ļ
ôܻأ
ôóԣͺˣ
ûбƤʲôϵ
ǵڳԷ֮ǰѾϴɾˣֱҲû⣡
ҶִҲνԼԼԲ֣֭ǿ֮պ˵ģݲ˻д⡣
ȻóԣһǾ䡣
ǳԶ˴⣬Ǹζ׷¹ԭҰǰг˱ƬǵСӶڴĽܻȽǵĴ⣬¹ԭҰǷڿϿˣŷŵġ
¹ԭҰĴ⣬κ˼֪Ǵ⣬Ǵ˵ǵζƷѡ
ͺͻ˽ĵζƷ࣬ڲ֮Ҫġ
ǲûйϵ¹׶
һֱгԴеϰߡ
¹һ֣ÿӼһƬ⣬ڿϿ˵Ŀ⣬ζᣬĿڸУŴе񡭡

Ҳ̫˰ɣо񶼲һˡ
˿⣬ٳһ²˵Ŀ⣬Ҷݲ˺⡣
Ҷ󣬵С¹Կӣо
κ˼ѧ¹׵ӣȿ⣬ٿ⣬Ҷ⣬ǾԲĴ⣬ҲԵóġ
γ˵ӣһڽһڵģ˭ܹ뵽ǰ⻹Ǹ߲˵ʳС
仯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ȵ˼̰֮Ѷʰˣ˼ؼȥˣΪ粻Ĺϵ˼ְֺ裬Լ緹
˼дҵѧ֮Ǯȥˡ
ղųԿʱ򣬾뷨ˡ
С¹˼°࣬ҲһЩǮĻʳѲÿ¶˶ǮͶ㻨Ǯ
̵С¹ϰ飬ְֺ趼֧֣ûǵ֧֣Ҳܰϰ࣬ԣϾͳԿ⡣
ͣ
ҲûôԹ⣬һֱÿⶼ˻ϲԵĶǽС¹ҳԵһڣĹˡ
ѧС¹ְֵӣȥһЩ廨⣬һЩＹ⣬ҲһЩЩ׼һЩС¹ְû׼оԿĶ
Ϻ㣬ţ֮ġ
üһЩϣͻ˲Ǯһ㶼ۡ
̫̫Ǯأ
⣬߲ҲǣҪҶڲгתһȦûпĵطû취ֻʱȻͷС¹ְ֣ľˡ
һԲǣǾǽƤı
˲ˣ׼Ƥˣ𿴽Ƥ򵥵ģҪɹ治һ׵顣
ҪѱߦһԲΣö
һûʲôǵȵ걡ʱʱֵ
ȥϰˣϰ·ϣ˸绰֪ͨӻжϱϻؼңˣѾѲ˶ˣǳԿ⣡
⣬žͽϲְ
ְֺ軳ĵڴڵȵ°࣬Ȼֵȵ°ؼҡ
ڿԳԿˣ
ŶӶȵֵõģ
˼̫öӶԸոС¹Сʱ̻˼˵㷹ӣ˼ͻȻٳԵ㣬е㲻ء
һϿԳԿ⡭
˼ﻹ᲻أ
޲Ͼ͵ӣȻͿԻؼҳԿ
ûȣҲûϴãѾˡ
緢ָӶӺͶϱȥϴˣȻԼŲ˵г廨⣬Ｙ⣬гɱƬ
ǵĻΪ֮ǰûʱ䣬Ѿˣֻܷŵ´γԡ
ϺϴɾϺߣͳŵһߣǿԳԵģΣƣŵ˾Уζܺõġ
ȥ㣬гɷԵĴСȻ棬ţҲԼƬɱƬ
һж׼ˣ¯ͨϵ磬ڷϣƽ׹ҲȥȻое㲻ԣܿ
ַƽ׹ϸоһ¶ȣӣҨһȥȻ廨ＹţϺ
Ӽ廨ⷭ˸߿ˣǱҲÿУＹţϺҲһ
ڿԳ
һƬˣҪϣ϶Ŀ⣬ûݲˣгҲܲ档
һڣˡ
ְָǳԵͷҲ̧
裬ô飿𣿡ְʡ
̺˼ˣһƬ廨⣬һＹ鲻Ǻܿĵӡ
˵廨Ｙóԣǳζûеôζ
ʵͻĲ̫ˣ˺Ѹ˵
̾˰ǿС¹ְ׼ģҲǰС¹ְֵĲģЩʵҲֻܻɱġ
ѵôһ㲻ͬôĲ


91 
, ѣòˣͲһ򵥵ˡ
ве, , ˶һģһĲףЧҲر
ŵ˵, ͬһˣͬһ, Ҳܰٷְζȫһ¡
Ϊеıʵ̫ˡ
ʳĵʳ̶ȣڹ⿵ʱ, ¶ȵı仯
ĲͬᵼĲͬ
̿õ⣬ȻѪгʵ, ɻǲܺ¹ԭҰ¹
Ѿʳϵˡ
̾ôŬҪģ¹ԭҰҵĿ, ٱһ, Ǹʳϵûиı, ĿҲԶֻܾһóϡ
¹ԭҰĿ, رóԡ
û׿ڳԹ¹ԭҰƿ, ĺ⿾⾹ȻܹóԵ־, ˼ְֺ˼
˼˵ķӦ, ͺܲˡ
Ҳܺ档
С¹ҵĿ⵽жٺóԣ
˼ô˵Ҳ, ϾСӶڱ˼ҵķ, Ҳô˵
ѵ
С¹ҵĿıǼҵĺóԣ
ĿѾôóˣҪóԵĿʲôӵģ
˼ְ̲סչ룬ԼԼˮ, һ㶼ŵǵˮ˼ְʣ裬˵ƾ´ҲҺС¡
˵ҲҵģС¹С˺ü£ճӦܹһЩʣʣʲôġ
ʵȴûС
ѵǾʣʣ̫ã
ԲĴİĶӶϱԣ
˼ְֲⰡ
ڹҳжԸֹ֧ңԼһ
˼ְֵ仰ֻ˵һ䣬ˣҲˣ˭ʣʣ
ԼʣʣҲˣ˵ģ
ȻȽϽڼ󣬵Ҳûпŵַϡ
˵ˣôҪ˵ʣʣҲûô
С¹СǿһֱӵģֻһݣôóԵĲˣôԶԲӶӲˣôܻʣ
˼ְֻʣʣأ
ôʣʣ
Կɡ
ôԣҪȥѧҲ͵С¹Сȥô˼迪Ц˵
ֻһЦЦһЦ͹˵ģû뵽˵ġ
˼ְֻ˼Ŀԡ
Ҫ֪ԴС¹С򹤣˼ҲǱ߳Է֮˼ְֺ˼˾ͱˡ
һٷԼͷ취ġ
ǼۣǼۣǼ۲˼ÿٷҪʮҡ
ļ۸ܹ򵽵ײͣ˼С¹ҳԵķȫܱȡ
˼ְĵһˣԼͷԣС¹ҳԣ۸ǲ̫ģ߳ԣҪһЩ
ȻĻΪʲôѡС¹Сأ
˼ְԽԽģ̲ס˼裬һ¡
ҪһܲС¹СǱ߱
̻᲻ͬҲС
ֻҪһε˵С¹һٷ˵ǰһȣ̿϶ͻͬġ
̿˼ְֺ˼ṩ˵Ͼ̲ס۵سһⷹҲ̫˰ɣ
ǼۣҲôװ
ҪĻһµĹʣԵġ
԰Ҳ˵С¹ְǱ߿ԵĻҺСˣܲҲǼҳԷˣҲǮ˼ְֿӦ¶Ӧ׶ˡ
̳˰æϵ¹ԭҰ֮⻹ôأ
һǮһ̲ס˼ְһ¡
ͷԷôǮô˵أⶼ˼ˣҪ֪ĻȥС¹ְ
ܻôԩǮ
ѾȫԼǰС¹ҵշ̫Ӷ룬С¹ҵշ̫ʵˣ
öӺͶϱϿ챨
ڶȥ¹ԭҰ顣
¹ԭҰ֪꣬ʲôķӦˡ
⿪Ĳǿ͵꣬ҲСݣС
רѧС
ôѧСʳҲˣôѧҳأ
УĲС
ⶼȥѧˣһھǸ߿ٹһ¾пѧҪżˡ
ѧ¹ԭҰҲˡ
ԭ֮⣬Ҫһԭ¹ԭҰ¸ѧڴǼۣΪάеʳˮ׼
Ƕ٣¹ԭҰû㣬ҲԤ뵽Ǽ֮ضʧȥһֵѧ߶٣ͿǶС˵ճжˡ
˵ٹһ¾пˣп֮󡭡
һְҲ֪С¹ҳԷĳῼȥҲ֪м˻
¹ԭҰȫ
ΪС¹Сϰ壬¹ԭҰһ˵Ǻְܲˡ
ѾƵѧǿʼΪ¹ԭҰСľӪƻˡ
ǻ˼ʲô¹СƲ֮󣬻ȥӻ꣬ԺҲԲôóԵķ˲Ǵ¡
¹ԭҰյʯҶΪ׵ģΣһǱȼģύˡ
ȵǩǵطʱ¹ԭҰ̲ס鶯һ¡
СҲʮˣôôǩģ
ʮ֣Ϥģİģ¹ԭҰȫʶģ¹ԭҰеģӦ¹ԭҰ߶ģС¹СԷġ
һֻռԵİٷ֮ʮ
Ҳ˵ʣµȫûСԷѧ
˵ģٹһ¾пˣʱô໨ʱ渴ϰ¹ԭҰһ˵һ߿ʯҶֽ
ǹ¹ԭҰСֵĸŻͦôһ¶ġ
¹ԭҰûͬĴ㡣
ѹûֵ顣
ʯҶ֮ǰȻǿǹ¹ԭҰĲͬӦ¹ԭҰܾĸǰٷ֮ʮţʣµİٷ֮һ¹ӳˣԾʹӦˡ
֪¹ԭҰܾʯҶǻǰݽ¹ԭҰⲻǰ׷ѹ
ôǩɲһ򵥵顣
ĪôȻԼɵġ
֪ЧӦ
һҪ󣬱ܾ֮СҪͨǲ̫ԸξܾͬһˣСҪ󳣳ᱻ㡣
ʯҶľЧӦ
֪¹ԭҰܾСֵ꣬ԹҪ󣬵ȵ¹ԭҰܾ֮󣬲óĽ취
Ǿ
¹ԭҰһɿˣ󶼻ᵼͬһҲǸܹС¹Сķˡ
һжʯҶ֮ǰչȥʯҶԼĿģҲ
Ϊ¹ԭҰͬĿԣʯҶǶ¹ԭҰ⡣
ԼˣǮ¹ԭҰʲôֻҪÿ÷ȻԱͺˡ
Ȼ
¹ԭҰС
ʯҶѿڶΪʲôȫ޷⣬ѾĵˣΪʲô¹绹ǲӦ
¹ԭҰżشʯҶ⣬ʳָ棬˵ûв´ĻǩЩˣӦöҪİɡ
ҪС¹Сƾʵֱ˭ҪĪĽǩ
԰ȻأʯҶû¹ԭҰ˼
¹ԭҰʲô˼أ
Ϊ˱֤ÿٷķ¹ԭҰСһֵֽǩѾ¹ԭҰĿеֵ
ûв´ĻôֽϵЩˣӦöҪԤİɡ¹ԭҰѾ϶ˡ
ʯҶҲ˿϶Ļظ
СֻܹôЩˣȫ˶ˣϿСǣǷųԶ˿ȴСĺչ
ȻʯҶǿСҪˣǻбˣС˵Ӧûʲôġ
ʱû𣬵ʱ䳤ˣСὥԡ
СߵСر⼸ʮ˵˽
ȵֽϼ¼⼸ʮ˸߿ˣҲңСҪص·չ


92 
ȵ¹ԭҰʼ֮, ôԼƾƽͬʱС÷չİ취
¹ԭҰȻܾĽ, ˼С¹Ҳ, û˵ɹѧǲԼԱͲ͡
Ϊڱɹһѧ棬ʯҶΪϵԲϵ, Ӧֻռ
ϾСѧѧС¹СӦˡ
ѧУͲ¹ԭҰĿͻȺ֮ڡ
¹ԭҰΪһ˶һԱ, ԼȥҲ̫ʵҪҪ, ûôڿ졣
ðȥǸˡ
Ҷֲġ
ԲֻԵԼ취
ΪܾĴʵ̫˰ɡ
ʯҶǸû˼ȥ¹ԭҰ˼
ӶţԼԲС¹Сķˣ꣡꣡
̫ˣ
˵öѧϰˡ
ɼܹ΢»һ, ǼѧĻ
ʯҶеССԸ, ΪӦú״ɵ, Ȼ
ɼ», ȶôƣ
ʦ˵ص˰
Ҫ, Ҫ, ʯҶ̫ˣ
ÿÿٷ, ڳһһ
ܳԵʱͶһ, ٹͳԲ˰
пͿ˰
пһ˲, ʯҶǺĹ˾һ, ǳð꣬δˣѾעˡ

ҲԲС¹Сķˣ
ǡ
п֮, ǾͿʼżˣʯҶҲûбҪС߳Էˡ
¹ԭҰ˵ǹ˿ˣΣˣ⼸ҲǮˣ϶Ǽҳϵ˿ġ
Է˶õ¹ԭҰֱ΢ŰǮתȥˡ
ʣʯҶ
¹ԭҰûȵԷҳϢ
ÿ춼ܿʯҶǹԷ
пˣҶżˣûϿˣÿ컹ܿǹ
¹ԭҰûмǴĻ
ǼҲѧУĻӦҪİɣ
СسǵĽͨôĶǮݲͬĹͬվ㣬вͬշѱ׼
ʯҶسѴǮ
ȥֹĻǾʮǮ
רŻʮǮԷ
¹ԭҰòܣӦҪɣʯҶÿͷ󺹵ӡ
¹ԭҰǿǳп֮٣ڴ˳׬㻨Ǯɡ
¹ԭҰԼĲ²⣬ûʯҶǣȻʵµȫ෴
ʯҶǹߣû飬רŹԷġ
ÿеֻˢ˹СʱڣﳵѣҴӼҵ¹ԭҰߣкöͣ㡣
ʱ䵽˻һС
ź࣬ʵҲࡣ
пûð
죡
Էʱȣ
ʯҶô죬ۿɼú˺üȡ
ǻǸ֮¡
ܳԵС¹СĲˣǺڵʲô
ܱԼڼԼðɣ
Ϊһڣôʱ䣬ò˵ҲģǺܿ죬ǾͿʼ취͵ˡ
Ȼ͵أΪʲô͵
¹ȻûдӦ񣬿ҲûоܾСķ˴
ʯҶһ£ûֹǡ
ڶԷľֻʣһˡ
˶˽ˣ÷ô򵥵飬ͲҪ˹ȥһ˾ˡ
ʯҶȥȥ
¹˵һûˡ
ͷ죬ǻڿϢһĿУûвκε룬ֱһȺͷǣ
ţʯҶ˵顣
ǽһȻʰ
ͻȻһ׹ˣ
ԭ¹˼
ϾͰԼ뵽˼Ⱥ﷢һ飬ôһ˼ʱ¹˵ǲ˼
¹統ֻ˵û˵Լɣûɣ
αû⣬ǱôһѣϵʯҶжеоˣ˵ǵʱȥС¹Ҵ
ϢշȥԼԼ
Ϊⲻʵ
˸УĿӣֻڸæҿǵ⣬ûа취صġ
һ֪ǼܲܿһѧУҪڲͬĸС
ʱ
˼ӦǣԼ˰æ˵Ӧɡ
αΪʱ䶼ԲС¹СˣɥأôţȻİ취
ʲô
һ尡
仰˼ⱲǶˡ
ʯҶ취Ҳˣ֮ǰǸһöûеġ
ֲ
ʯҶ֮ǰϵһλϸ磬ɵǳ⳵˾ҲԼ֡
ԭĴǣ˾ȥС¹һ·ˣȻ󿪳͵ǵѧУʯҶһ̣һС¹Ϊ㣬;ظߵ·ߣ·ʮ
ֻǼ˵Ļ·ƽ̯е󣬵˶Ļ̯ÿͷϣҲ͹˼Ǯ
ܳԵС¹Сķˣ󼸿Ǯʲô
ڵҲðװѣͷ
ͷѣļ۸ˮ׼С¹Сǳġ
ԡ
ôؾˣ
ÿϢСǣ
ôҵʱȥС¹СС
Ͼˣ򲻵ʲôأ
пĳɼûͦģ֮󣬾־ԸѡȥЩͬ
С
ѧвȴǸѡ֮ڣȡ֮ģһǸС
ԭصУǹѧͳУصĳͨУԭͨУһһҲѧԺȡˡ
ѧڵģֻԺֻгвûивˡ
ǸнУϢһǰģǴ֪Ҳرֻ˵еطǨˣ˵ҪѧУ
ǽʲôѧУʲôʱ򽨺ãЩһģҶ֪
Ҳǵ־Ըʱ򣬲֪ضһǸУص㡣
ΣʯҶ˵ķ߹ǹǲ֪òñѧУϾѧУҲ֪ôʦô
˵İθĽǣģ;ȥܱá
ʲô֪ǣȻǲȡ˰εĽ飬ǸУˣǸʲôط
ȫ֪
ǣȥ֮ǰΣʯҶһǸУȻ󡭡
ϲط֣ԭǸУȻС¹С
С¹Сֱ߾һܻһЩ
ķӣ·ʮӡ
ֻýһݡ
ͺѧС¹Сľࡣ
ôôû˵Ǹأ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ֱ֮ϲ
ڻΣʯҶ˵Ŀϲ±ˡ
ȵȣ
ʲô飬úһۡ
˿ظߣظ߾С¹С棬Ը껹ܼС¹С
ֻոߣѧȡв£ֻڳǹأһոѡ
ѡһζš
ԲС¹Сˣ
׵׵ɵˣ
԰
˵õҼС¹Сǿأ
ôͷأ
Щ̬ͬ飬ȫ˻ˣ
ڵȵʯҶ˻ҪһЩ
Ͼ
ʯҶˣܱȡůֻһڷƮ㡣
ôİ
ǿ취ʯҶѾԼĴڣʼףδĿʱ⣬Ͽ󺰡
ʯҶ󣺡˵ʲô
񣺡~
ˮת쵽Ҽң
˭㵱ֻģ
ں˰ɣ
ʯҶ󣺡ʵʳҲûôѳ~
񣺡ҲͨĴˮ׼~
ΣҲų~
˰˵Ļȫˣ
췢ģʵû˵ģǱʯҶġ
һڣζͲˡ


93 
͸, ʣµĳһһ˵ûʲôرĲͬ, ӲҪ˵Ļ
ʳõľһ㡣
ǾʳôǸˮ׼, ٶνģֲóԡ
ټԽԽˣʳõȾǸ, ԿڷȳһͷҪǶĸо̫, ǻ治Ըڷ
ʳóԷѧĸܣЩѧУԷ, 
һ죬ڴľǳԷʱˡ
ʳпյǺ޲ôС¹СһӲȥ
ڿյҲ, ҼһװϺų̈, Ǿ֪, ԸڳԷطװյС, Ĳࡣ
С̫йľӺˡ
Сѧһ꼶, 꼶ζʮʮѧ, ÿ꼶һ, ÿҶһ̨յ
յƲ䲻, С
ǵʳҲûпյġ
Ǻ·, ܹЩСѧʳԷ, һһԵͷ󺹣Ŷÿ
˳ãҵС¹С
С¹Сʱ, Ҳûͷ˼ˣſζֱߵǱԼķˡ
ˣ࣬˿ˮˡ
ռűгɷԵĴСÿһ鶼һָÿ鼦涼ȵطֲżƤƤֳ֮һֺصĽɫɫ֥ͽ֭ɫγɶԱȣȥˡ
Ȼڻûг棬Ѿ뵽ֱ֮С
϶óԣ
ռţϾ̸ԼһҪڷ档
ⲻܼӣܵùܹɡ
̵ȻҲˡ
˶֪ռȵĽ֭ζãҶҪ˸
˾ûˡ
ǰ֪ǻ˺͸ӣһΣӣȵǰͷЩѧԱ֮󣬺ЩѧûԼˡ
ѧʶˣҲ֪ˣʼѧſƼĴÿ˶ܼӵ
ǰ޷ġ
¹ԭҰռȣԵģЩ֭м⵱ȻǳԼ⣬ȼˣЩϵȻҲǵġ
С¹ҿѧ跹ԣ̵ĹҲܵӰ죬ҲʼЩ跹Թˡ
˵ռĽϰŷر㣬ѹЩѧôϲ
ļȲˣ˻ߣȲذѲ̴յߣ˿ӣһڷ
ʻһս̲֭סų˺üڡ
ÿһڶ
ûԵĲˣһηȥһˣʱȥԽĵһڲˣҲռȡ
ǳۣƤҧе㵯ͼǲͬĿڸУڼƤȫ֬ĶǾлġ
Ƥˡ
һҧȥֻиտʼһܹᵽƤĵž׽ĶǼζпڸС
ʲô֬ʲô壬ɶûоֻоƤζˡ
ļƤһԺöࡣ
Ȼռ⣬ʣµ«ͲҲܴ򣬲м䶥һŰ˿ǵĴϺϺqһھˡ
ڴϺгƬ㹽ҨһףǶһļΡΡض㹽Ƭ涶
ǳġ
к֮ģһ̵
ļһ¾ͱȥٻ㹽Ƭݡ
㹽Ǻܼ򵥵㹽ֺͨ㹽һϸ΢֮ЩĲͬԵóǲ̫ó
ƶֻ֣óԡ
һٷˣԽٷ֣ʮ֣ٷķǵ֮ʮһ֣һôأ
Ϊ뵽˳¼ѧУʳȵĻԼѳԵķˡ
ͨͳ¼ĶԱȣҸУһ־ôġ
ԱҲͶԱȰɣԼ͵־ˣģҪôҶ׵ſԡ
ǡ
Ƿٷ˳¼
¼ǽһ갡ˮ̲סˣȥƫƫͳԲ
벻С
֪ǳʲô磬һ˵Щ
¼ڴѾ˳֤ݣ
¶ɵʵ̫ˣȥˣ̲סԱһ䣬˵ص㡣
֮ؽԼĳԺСģ˵Ŀġ
¼ҪҪȥС¹С԰
⻰¼һӦǿȷһ
òڿЦɡ
ʳûʳǻ¼ȷʵطԷģҲʹԵǼС¹Сûϵϰ壬һ
ֱӸ߳¼С¹СѾˣϰ岻ˡ
¼ŷ
ҪҪȥС¹СԷ
¼Ц˵Ѳ˵ȥС¹ҾԸҰ
˵ԡп죬ûֳˣֹ˼ŷӦġ
ǰϰ岻ˣΪˣڳ˳ˣճ
ʱȥ˵ԡ
ԼĲ²⣬ûʹϰ壬ֻпܣ˵Ǿԡ
ҪΪôڳ¼Ա˵ôԺУ
˵ô໰춼ˣ⻹ҪģҪǣǰԼ˵ˣŸճûжãȻʼǸζˡ
Ǻõģ¼һҲĶ
תһ룬ڱС¹Сˣѧھֻʣһ²ʱˡ
ԣҲǳһ¶ѡ
⻹һܳϡ
ôڣѧУʳˡ
ѧڶˣһºܿͺˣѧڣ¸ѧȥС¹СԣЩǣ¼ûдӦ
Ǻܸл뵽
ʮഺҪˣĳ˸мǲ˵ģǸϲж
ȸˮԸʳʲôġ
һڱˮȥȻٴһǶ̼ã˶ˡ
Ȼѧڣ¼û취룬ѾԼˣȵ¸ѧڣС¹Сʼʱ򣬲е˭ȿˡ
Ҫ
¸ѧҪһС¹СԷ
Ȼ¸ѧڣһٵʱ䣬ǳ¼Ѿ̲סʼڴˣʱԵʲôķأ
˵С¹СĲɫٻظҲ֪ǲ

ܹѸٷֳ뿪Ȼͨ뿪뵽˱˲ࡣ
߼ʱ֪С¹СϢ¼лС¹СģԼѡ˷
أ
ԥĻᶼûУӦ֪п֮󣬲С¹СԷģȴû뵽ôࡣ
ò֣Ϊĳпμпǰһ·żٺ󣬾լڼ٣ιԼ
־Ҫ¸ѧڼС¹СãԼп֮Լ־Ըʱ˱˵ˮ
ôԤϵõ
Ϊѧвǰ϶飬õоȻȡ˵ģ
ȻڵĳɼܹͶǰϵĳǹѧǡ
ôһҲ˲أ
Ǽٷôܱȵϳǹصѧأظ߱ոߣǳǹѧʵͰҲȥġ
ôŬ˵Լġ
ȻⲻǼٷ
δķ
ʳΪ찡
С
˳ǹѧÿ϶סУסУ͵óʳãʳǸɫ
Բãѧϰ
ԷѧϰӰ죬߾лӰ
ʯҶΪԺúȺˣ˼оѧϰѧɼôģ
ʯҶǰĳɼûúأ


94 
, ôʯҶǳɼͻͽԭҲûˡ
ʱ侫˷ϣþǸϿ룬ôԼһķʽ, ԵС¹Сİ취źá
ʱãѾǹȥǸˣ
ť»ã
ĸ, õ, ǰʱ, ʯҶһֱϴæ顣
ʱãΪΪͶѧвһ϶, ԶʯҶæ
һָ߸ϵġ
αرһԼͬ飬Ȼܵǩ˸, ʵʵ뷨ȷǡ
߰߰ɣ
Ƕ߰ɣ
, ҵľ־ûˣ
ֵʲôģ
ܵ궼ҹʲôֵ갡
Ϊ²ؼ߸߹ŵǩ֮, ûи, ڶСĶһ֪
ʯҶǵ˵¹û
¹絽ҪҪڱĵطֵ갡
óǹѧѧУͺܲ
߿, ԺϰҲܷѧ
΢ϵʯҶʯҶ٣˳ԺȾֻ֣ȻʲôϰߣȴܹϵõϢ
ȻǸϢ
һӾͿˡ
ͺţ
Ϊʲôúѧϰģ
ΪС¹Һѧϰ, ƵĹϵ߲ɼõģڵĵ, ô꣬ôﲻʹأ
ֻкúѧϰܳԵС¹СʲôģҲ̫˰ɣ
ʯҶǱһ÷ϢһõķС¹СرͦߵģڵĽԴͦŵġ
ǰ࿼رҲôϾԺ껹ܼͬѧʯҶ˽һ¡
Ҳ֮ǰûϵ΢źѶˡ
ˣϵرõģʯҶûйġ
úʯҶĹϵͨͬѧϵɡ
ʯҶ֪Ӧǿոߣոߣò£ֲʲô˽ʯҶֱˡ
пﰡ
ʯҶҲ˳ôʵġ
ҪǿС¹Сֵ飬Բ²ǲ롣
ǰ󲻹죬ʯҶΪ׵ģظߵˣΪ׵ոߵһˣȫˡ
֮ǰʯҶϴڣǿ֣ںˣϴˡ
ǻ˵ġ
ϾʯҶϴ·˳·ȥˡ
ʯҶǻǰѷˣܻܲһһڵι߰ɡ
һֱϵҪС飬ʯҶ΢ƬƸã飬ÿ
ʯҶûв뵽ǵȥԲ֪ڵôˡ
ʯҶƬü΢ţ˽õ֮ûиýİ취
⣬ǾԶòˡ
ܱܲ
ܳɹĻʹһԱ԰æһ£ȷѵĻҿԴһ£رĹ󡣡
С¹СôʮһԻôࡣ
ˣС¹Сû棬ôˮôأ
һ뵽ѧڿѧ̲סۣҲܱ֤Լ¸ѧڻܱܲϡ
ѧܹϣΪС¹СһʽӪҵҶûзӦȵ¸ѧڣҶ׼ˡ

Ҳ֪¹Ӳpyף
¸ѧڵĳԷ
ϾҶʶôˣ
С¹СĿû
ȥ꣬ʱֻĸѧСǶôĺƽĩʱ¹绹һݴͣ
Ǵͳʢرζ

ȵȣ
ͣ
ôأ
Ͱ
ô
п֮󣬴С¹СǱǮͺ˰
ʱĻʳƲͷģ°ģвԼġ
Ե˳Լ֮⣬װ֣衣
ǰҲûΪʱʲô鶼ûУԱҪڼѧϵƵѧ
ʵһ츳ģٵһ³ѶˣܳԣԲˣζ
еһѾˡ
С¹СԲȥ
ָɲϡϡһζܳԵһӲĵķ
ϵζޱȵĳ˺С⡭
Ҫ°ʱг˵СˣٷǳԲȥˡ
ɱϾһ̶ֳȣ׼ֹͦ۵ģĻһ÷ˡ
ڵŮӽкҪǻĻһܺõļӷأ
нοԼˣҪС¹Сķˣ
ԵΪʲôҪǮ
ʯҶһÿȥⲻ
ԼǮΪֱɵΪno.1ѧĩ¹Ĵ֮󣬸ˡ
ʲô
ʯҶÿȺԼĳԺУ¹ȦͼƬʳãӶˡ
ͬҲǮĻζû˵ʲô
Ҳ˼˵ʲô
ֻܿʯҶԣȻԼĻʾ͵ģ뵽͡
̲סˡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ쵽ĩ˰ɣҲһڣ¹а
֪Ű¹ûаţԲţǷವȥһʯҶ
ʯҶûҲڴġ
¹û͸ڷ磬Ҳ֪
¹Ҫ׼ĻӦûϴһʴʲô˰ɡ
ȻһȫϲĲˡ
˵˵ţʯҶ˾ˣȺ濪ʼԼϲԵĲˡ
ǵ˵ҲǻʼܿƵطڿˮ
ĵо˭ѽ
ȺĸˣʯҶ󣬻һأ
Ρ
ԴʯҶȺԺ֮󣬻ξͰȺˡ
ǵûдǻһֱû˵ʲôĸԭ
Ϊûš
ѧϰʵһͦ飬ڳֻ£Ϊ˿һøУÿҪܶϰӦǺġ
Ӧĺܶġ
Ӧݵġ
ǡ
УںΪԲսݵ£
ˡ
ͺѹ˰
Ȼô˵е֣Ǻһء
ΪлŮʿӰ죬ԻǱȽⷽģϵñȽ磬Է֮󣬾ôС¹С˻ǮһӾѵࡣ
ÿȥӾӾȻԼʲ͡
Чͦõġ
Ȼʱû̫ı仯ܸоýʵҲˡ
ǰ¾ˣܶ¡
źǺܺûдǡ
ʲó԰
С¹СԷʱ¹Ҳ͵ˮ̸߲ˣ潽ϵζֱ֭Ӱ߲ɳʲôġ
ڳԵ߲ɳʵҲûʲô
Ӧһġ
߲ɳûκεĲѶȣ߲ϴɾ飬ϵζ֭һ裬ˡ
ǻγŸоǲһ
¹߲ɳǲɳζ֭ģҪôʹɳҪôԼһ֭֭ȥʹ׵ʸе񣬺ͨ͸
ζǺˬ
ȫг߲˵ıζ
߲֭ɳֱ޵ζ
߲ɳζ֭Ȳϣ̲̣һĸо
ĺܻɣĵζ֭ĿԼ
Լ߲ɳʱʵʶȥеζȻԼģ
ŬĽǣ֭Ⱥȵı̫ԣһ˵ζ
ӳ߲ˣҲûС¹СԵ߲ôĴ𣬲ôḻ
ڵζϴ𣬾ϵƷϣҲ޷Խĺ蹵
Ϊ˼ֲܲԡ
ҪС¹С߲ɳĻθڵ⡣
ÿԷڳԼį
ֲҿȺģԼƲסο̫ˣ


95 
ѧڶûн, ҾѾʼ¸ѧС¹Сıˡ
ļѧüҳ΢źţܹ¹ԭҰˡ
Ϊʲô¹ԭҰܹµ˺źǶżҳƤѧ
, ҳûԹҵķˣϲ, Ҳôļġ
ֻгԹҷ, ûʲô, ¸ѧѧŻôʡ
ǰԤǲܵģ¸ѧڵ鵱ȻҪ¸ѧپ, ʱ˵ɣЩ׵Ժ, ¹ԭҰڿǸС¹յ顣
ʵС¹Ѿ, ĩѾѮˣѾˡ
֮ôʱ, ҪǿǵС¹յ, ҪѧУϿ, ¹ԭҰҲҪСѧ˶鲻̫ʱ¹ԭҰͺ¹ȵˣٲա
յһȽ飬¹ڻС, ʱоʲô塣
ֻҪгкȾͺˡ
ְֲ֪Լգ¹׵Ȼǰְ˵ʲôˡ

Ըܲǰ˰
¹ô£ôСҪ, ¹ԭҰȻʹӦˣǣ¹ԭҰ¹յĵ죬յ¹׵һСƬд¹׵Ը
ǼҵԸҵ΢е㲻һ
¹׿Զ¹ԭҰһҪ¹ԭҰԸ
¹ԭҰǵ¹ȥԸһ׵ߣǰԸһ׳˱װ֪ʲô
һţ¹ԭҰͰһ¹ĿƬ
¹׵ʱ⣬ǵһθ¹׹գ¹ҪƳ٣ʧĲ¹ףǰ𨡣
ܸС¹ʵԸҲֲһź
Ȼû˵ڣǰѾ׼С¹ҪʲôҪϵǣҲŬģ
Ȼһ˿Ƭ
д֣кܶ¹׻ᣬѾŬزֵ䣬Ȼֳȥˡ
дţְ֣죬ܳյ⣬֭ţȹɱɶǡ
¹д˺ööʳһֽд飬ԿóҪֽŵƪޣ¹׻д
¹ҪĶһЩߵԸɽ꣬ȴɳԵˡ
رָҪ¹ԭҰԼġ
Ȼе֣΢һ£¹ԭҰˡ
ѧڰССĹͱԭӻĹҪټ˶̥̫ռ¹ԭҰע
¹ԭҰѾǲԼжûСʳˡ
ǰ¹СǰҫģӻС֮⣬¹ԭҰЩóԵСʳˡ
ְֻֻĵط򲻵Сʳ
¹׳ĵط
ڵ¹ףȲӻСûаְָСʳ˵Ǻܿˡ
¹ССҪ¹ԭҰȻǡ
ˣ
¹ԭҰ׼ߣӼ͸ɵʱͻȻְ𨲻ˡ
תתȥ˰죬ڷҵ˱Այİ𨡣
Ѿ˲٣ͲǸ˯˯˳ԵСӤ¹ˣǾʢ¹뵽QԼľ
Այİ§סǼҳǿһһµġ
˭֪ôһˣ
ﻹ̣ӲȥΪѵŵġ
¹ԭҰˣϾ͸˾һϽȣСжˡ
׶ӺķӦȫһ𨿴¹ԭҰˣŤȥ¹ԭҰ˵
ȻҲ֪ⲻɷ˵£С¹Ը岻֣ûһҲ̫˴˰ɣ
һɣϾʹ˳ȥһ͸¹һġ
С¹ҪҲҪ
Աˣ岻õһ֡
¹ԭҰͷһοСҲ̫ɰ˰ɣ
ôɰϹ¹ԭҰͻȻ˷ĳ嶯
ȣһ㣬ڲֶʱ
ĵԼ۵Ķ¹ԭҰѰǽ˳͵ûзְСԱһ͵С¹ôණһôꣿ
ҪĻС¹վͳԲԼԵЩˡ
Այԭʲô
ԼɲóС¹Ҫһ
֪ԭ򣬽ҲǺܼ򵥵ġ
ֻҪðԼǱС¹ҪĲˡ
¹ԭҰ˵ǻҲȫں𨡣
ȻѧڸսСͣ¹ԭҰʼϢˣС¹ôСʳҪҪϲٹ
͵Ǹ⣬¹ԭҰܾҪһ磬οأ
ԣ֮ǰ¹ԭҰ˸滮С¹ҪԵЩʳȫгһŵȻյӣͳƳЩʳҪʱ䡣
ǰãŵԵģǰá
С¹˲ٵʳֿǰãüʳҲ¹ԭҰ˲ٵѹ
˺ü죬¹ԭҰǰС¹ջϵʳ׼ˡ
С¹ջٰʱ磬ԼĺѣͬѧΪ¹׵Сڵܵܣīôܲ
¹ѽī͹͸С¹¹׵յ⣬һЩʳ뿪ˣѧǷˣûС
Ҫϰʹ࣬Ҳֻ¹Լס
ΪںӶ棬¹ԭҰͰûμ¹׵ջᣬߵʱ򣬱Ҳߵģ¹ǿҪ²μջᡣ
ҪϽܸԼС顣
ͷС¹ʲô֪ϽŲͣ§Ųӣǳϡ
žֵ֮Ĭ˰ɡ
¹ԭҰ˿ʱ䣬ٹʮң͵ϳ̵ʱ䣬ϵԸǰ̿ԣһ벻С
ȵʱ䣬¹ԭҰȥҲԼҰ̵ġ
ǵ¹ԭҰ˿ڣϲμʮӵջᡣ
¹ҪʮڣСǽĵܵϣҪסϲջϵʳ
ڻֻ̡ܺ
¹ԭҰҪ¹׾ǿС齩סˣҿʼɶ
Ǹְ֡Ҫ㻹ǰϴ߰ɡ¹׾ССͣôӵ顣
סϲԱĶ̫ˣ
ְֺһܸ㶨飬¹ڻС㲻
¹֪ʱǻΪܵһֿԼ۸СֱһΡ
¹ˣʲô·ϡ
¹׾ǴʱʵĲпᡣ
Դ˵£ʱӦˡ
סϣʵ
¹׵ȣ¹ԭҰͰԸĸѡʲôأ
һ죬粢żֵˣûд޹С¹
¹ף
ˣѾˣ¹ֻܴϲμջˣΪԤջϳĳ޷Ƶ⣬¥֮ǰ¹ҪȺϹͨá
¹ױøʵǿǡ
Ϊʵ¹ֻܺϴܱ֤һãϣǵãڻСֻ̣ܺЩ㲻ܳԵ֪𣿴Ӧͽ
ƽʱû¶ҪҲ֪ǹ⻹Ǵɣ˸ýеʱĬˡ
ֻ۾¹׳޹ġ
¹ף
͡͵ǴӦҪɡ
ǹգôóԺúȵĵôСһ棡
Ǵʱ˿̣¹׵ȴ
š
СӰϰ˵ʳˡ
ЦźСǴкһôһգ۵ĹϾȻѾȥˣ
¹׼
һ˾ͱסϣȻ󱻰겻ߡ
ʽСû뵽¹ԼҲû뵽
¹׼гǿæѽҰҵܵסܳЩ
¹׽еô¥ϵװ裬Ӧǿİɡ
Ӧãǿ϶
ʵ¹ԭҰͰǣ֣粢磬ֵ뿪֮תʳϣڷ棬С¹ջֱȹ֭ɱ
¥·ʲô飬¹ײҲһ
ڿ¹ײûסϣߵʱ¹ԭҰͰܲЦˡ


96 
Ͳ׵ĸĸͬ, ¹׵Сǳģ¹׵ȣһѷӷӿ˳æ
αͷ, ˼ֱȣСβ͡

˸İ, ⲻҪҪǲϳԵЩԵĶ
еСһŬ, ǰֻС¹סˡ
Ͳôһ, ϾܳԵЩԲĶˣ
̶̵ľ, ޷Խĺ蹵
ϳŬǰʹ
¹һ֣Ҫץסˣ
ҰҰӴӴصȥ¹ױӴӴӴš
¹׵ָӣСŬƳ˷, Ȼ󡭡
¹׺Ϲ⡣
Ӧǰȫ˰ɣ
ǾС¹ĵܵ𣿡¹װ˺þõĵܵܣڲڿ
С¹ĵܵܡ
е㲻һ
ζԸղŷһĻ, ¡
С¹ܵܵôӴ, Ҫ, С¹϶۸ģ
̫ˡ
Сһͷμ˵Ķ, С¹̫ˣ
˵ͬ, Сͬѧͷᰡ, Ϻܿɰġ
ͷһĽСͬѧϲϵġ
ţҲϲСβ͡
˽СͬѧĻ, Сֻһ¸ղϵǸУС¹ĵܵŶ
Ҳÿɰ
ôɰС¹ܵܵĻ
΢һ㣬ҺҲǿԽܵŶ
ȨףһҪһС¹ܵĵܵܡ
ǲܵģϾֻһѾǼҵĵܵܣܲˡ
ҪҲûˣСڵš

˵ʵ¹ײԸôϾֵܡ
ǲôĻ
Ͼͻ嵽ԱߣȥЩܳԵĶ
ΪϺá
¹ֻʹϹؽһ߱Ǳߣ¹һΪԼΪϵǸ㲻Ҫ°粻ŹסģȵˣԼͿԴųˣȻȥҰְ̺ðɣ
˵ţ¹׺Ѿ˲ſڡ
޹ţ¹̲סʼԥˣҪϹص
ôСϻẦµİɡ
Ϊ磬ѵҪϵ۸
¹ԼϵĻһˣûа취ϵġ
վڲſڵ¹ķ֣ϡ
ɿ֣ϴȥʱһͷ˳׼¹׵ĶӣԴһ
¹׾ͱײˡ
Ҳ֪ôѧģȻŸˡ
⡭
ϰ¹׸˰
¹׹ؽ֮¹ݻ࣬ղŻô̫࣬ˣúˣ˦ԼĶβͣϱQţ·˶¥ҵ¹ԭҰķ䣬Դƿûķţȥˡ
¹ԭҰƿ̷̣ƿˮ¹ԭҰ涼еġ
һݺã¹ԭҰͷƿιˡ
̵Сģͦģ¹ԭҰŶ֣ӵǴѧģ
̵ӣ˵ʳϵš
ûϴţ¹׵ջܹȥˡ
Ϊ·ϱӰ˵飬ڿôСʳ֮󣬱ˡ
յȻҪյ˰
ְյû浰յôÿȫˮһóԡ
¹ԭҰѾǰкˣÿ˶һݵġ
ˮ͵ǳ޵кó԰
ĵ߲֣ڸгû̫̫ҧöһζĳ
ˮҲǳóԵģСϲԵˮ
ĵ⣬ܳԶٶ壬ǰ˺óԵĵ֮⣬иóԵĶ
ֱ֭ե֭ûκεĶֱӺȾͺкŨζ
֭ȻúȣեϺȵĻ֭ͻΪͿӴζûôˡ
īȥ㳡ʱ򣬺ȹ㳡֭һīȲ꣬Ǹ֭ζģҲ𣬵Ȼص֮󣬸Ѻˡ
Ǿ˾֭Ĳһ
˹˵غһڵĽīһ뵽ԼֻС¹յʱȵôһΣԺͺȲˣɵôĵӿһɱˡ
ҪǾ˾ܿһҹ֭ͺˣʱ˾˼֭ȡ
Сڵ仰õ¹СһϿɡ
Ǿ֭ʲôѩ̣̲趼Ҫúȡ
Ϥĸо
¹̫ˣ
ܴˣ
Ȼ֭ܺúȣҰְҲܺóѽǲҪźȹ֭ҲԳԿǰɡ¹ƼԼϲʳ
ֻǣеĳԵģȫ¹ϲʳ
ģԽͺڳŨˮһĹ֭ǣ̵ģģԽԽɿڣԽԽ㣬֭ɱģܹĥСɶըֵģһҧȥܹóһ˿֥ʿĴȹ
¹׵ջᣬֱһԵʳᰡ
ǽСڣ¹׵СǣڼûôسԹ
ǹҲһġ
Ϊǵİְ裬Ҳôʳ
˼ԵöƤ϶Բһظ̾Ҳ뵱С¹ҵСһͿԹС¹ջˡ
ʳԵ
̫Ҹˣ
¹һǿɲС
ְΪ͵ܵܣÿ춼Ĺ۵ġ
ҪҲǼҵСĻôܳԣְ϶ģ
¹׻ûھܾ˰æ˼Ļ
С˵ܵ˾˼ҵСÿֻܹһΣҪóʱܳԵһΰĽСڶԣһʱ䣬Ǻˡ
ռ֮һأ
Ҫ˵ĻС¹գǲŽкأǵĽСͬѧŰ뷨
¹ԭҰս˸绰ǿݵģȿݵʱ˽СڵĻŻˡ
С¹һŹһգôˣҪǻˣ
װʲôû¹ԭҰԱ߹ӿԱǱõһӣҲ
¹ԭҰ׼û̧
ˣ¹ԭҰûʲôôôһݣ
ѵǱ˼Ĵˣ
ǲ԰Ա˵绰İ
ѿ̧¹ԭҰһ¿浥ռдǰаĵ绰
¹ԭҰֻ»һģһɫȻһ¹ԭҰ˸ֻǡ
ֻĻĻǺ׸ġ
ղſԱ绰ʱ¹ԭҰӦǽӴ˰ĵ绰
ǰҲԱ
Ķģ
ļţС
ôصĶ¹ԭҰԼȥͰѰ𨺰ˣ˳һ䣬ţС˭
ֵĻܹϰȡϰߡ
ͬ°ɣҲɽ񣬲ԭһͷˮţһ˵һ߲ݣŹһ¿ʲô֮󣬲ûʲô̫⡣
ôһݣװһкֽװ̡
Ӧ֪кˣԸӼ˵̰ɡӵײõһֽֽţСһЩ
˼Щ͸С¹ļģˮţ̳ӪСӺˡ
ⲢţСԿ䡣
ΪɽţСɽеˡ
ţСûɽլĳëǸŮǿˡ
һͷĸˮţȴһˮţֳΨһĲˮţ̣Ϊˮţ̵̫㣬ڶѾأӦ
ӵˮţ̣¹ԭҰȻҲģ۸еС󣬵ζĲζҪá
û뵽ɽ񿪵ģͲˡ
ˮţ̵ζ¹ԭҰҲеˣȻǼĸӵ̣һƿӦûϵİɡ
¹ԭҰôţͲһƿ̡
һƿֽװһģֱӺȲ㣬¹ԭҰ͵ڱ棬һһ͵̵ķΪܲ¹ԭҰһ˸ɡ
ˮţ̺ͨţͦġ
ζŨҲ˿ǺȻ㣬ʹţȫͬ¹ԭҰԼҪˮţˡ
Ϻ֮󣬱¹ԭҰ˯ˣ˯һͻȻое㲻ԣôҳˣ
е㲻ϾҼҳˣ¥ϵ¥£һӾڳԼҳˡ
ҳڸʲôʱ¹𾪣
ļҳڸʲô
Ȼ͵̣
ܿģ¹𾪱¹Ի
ֱӺ̲
ΪʲôҪ͵źȣ
ѵ͵źȵζһ㣿
ϱӶ˶ᣬһŲζŵˡ
񡭡
ǸһŶ
УҲҪȣ
͵Ҳˣץ˸ֳ¹ԭҰǽһ飬ӴӴ̣¹ԭҰֻܸˡ
Ҳû࣬װķ֮һƿ
ζ͵ˡ
ϾղŲźȹһƿ̵ģֺȣӻܲ˵ġ
ӴӴ֪ŷ֣ԭ͵źȵζȻô
ֺúȣǰ̺úȶˣ
һڣӴӴͱζˣȵö˺ȣ˺һһڡ
ͺһڣͣ˺óһʱ䡣
ӴӴˮţ̲԰εʱ¹ԭҰϽѿ˵Ǻ̷ű䣬û̷ŵǽǣͰ𨱭̡
ȻǶֶֶһȵˡ
ȵӴӴԼƿ̣һƿʱ
¹ԭҰ̯̯֣УٵѾˣҪȵĻֻܵȵ¶ˡ
ӴӴ֪¹ԭҰ˼Ǿܾȳúȵˮţ̣ǣ˰𨡣
Ҳ̯֡
˵оͲУӴӴ㿴Ҳûа취
ӴӴ¹ԭҰ𨣬ҪҪô
ԥأƳС¹ıӰ
һ¾ͷˡ
еúܱûúȺãˣ͵Ȳôúȵˡ
磬´ܻлġ
пɳչ


97 
¹ԭҰںɵ, ȻҪˣǾһԶһЩ
ҲͬĹ򣬵ȻһԶһЩ, һԳԸˬ죬ٳԲ, ʹһ
¹ԭҰ֪, μС¹ջĶһЩС, Сӵθǲ̫ġ
¹ԭҰǺܴ󷽵װ˳ķ˵߸Сѣ߸, Ҳȫס
ԶٳԶ٣һֱԱΪֹ, ÿһǳóԵ, Ҳûдٳһ㡭
ֻгܹ֮ᵽĿ֣ǰᵽˡ
Сͬѧ΢еȻ, Ƕٷ, ǶԼġ
μջ, ȫһ꼶׼ȷ˵һ꼶Ѿ꣬°ѧھҪ꼶ˡ
׿ֻС¹С˼֣ʣµСѣǳ, ˼ǣɶС¹Сһѧڡ
ÿ춼źóԵķˣÿ춼̲סҪһ, һһģǵθھôˡ
ŲĸӣǷȴһЩʵĳ˻Ҫˡ
ֺθڣʱ򣬾ͱֳ˾޴ƣСͬѧһȫȫСĶӣôԣôŬ
ھЪˡ
Ǹսȫûۿġ
ͬʱʼģڽСΪ̫СòͣϢʱС¹磬ǣ˵˵ЦЦسš
ĵġ
Сͬѧֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿǳԳóԵĵ⣬óԵǣóԵɱСɶ
ÿһóԣǽСͬѧȴԲ£
Ǻεȵı˰
Ķ̫ˣ
ȻСͬѧȻǲ֪ġ
ڽСͬѧͣʵΣ˼ǵθڣҲǺģСһ㡣
رʳĺ˼ǲԷĿ£ǼҳǿԣܳԵ˶أ
Ȼ¹׳⡣
СͳŰְֵķóԶôܻ᲻ԣ
Ǹȫ¹ԭҰԼţҪ¹ԭҰԼţԵĻ¹ѾһСˡ
СͬѧأǴСѧθڳõġ
ÿγԷ㣬ͬķˣŵ¹Ǳߣܻúóһ㡣
žһԻĺôɡ
ԷͲúģڳԷⷽ棬СͬѧĶ
ǵθڶôСͬѧĽõȵС¹ôʱһҲܳô෹
ʱС¹ٿջᣬСͬѧͲӣһͱˣ
ҪġԡҲˣӱˣ۾ȴûǾ̫˱ˡ
¹ԭҰǴȵǳ֮󣬴Ҷˣٹɨġ
һ϶ɸɾģҲڵ룬ùıӣȫϴˣڱطϡ
ʳ֮⣬ȥ͸ûһ
¹ԭҰһ¼ز֪ԭС¹ɵģ֭֮ԼذѱϴȻѵӰڻȥ
ϰߵ飬¹ԭҰ֡
Сǣ¹ɣ͸ѧһѱϴˣӰڻȥҲȫɾǲһ¹׵ߡ
֮ǰŪҵʰ˲뿪
¹û°࣬Сͬѧʱ¹°ٹؼҡ
¹񼸺һ°͹ˣ֮ǰŽңԼӦøϲ¹ԭҰҵķ㡣
Ϊڼʡ
أûʲô
Լʲôͺ۲
ͽСڹʱ򣬿ϵĵʳ͸˽ˮһ²ˡ
Ǹ涼ˮ͵Ⱑ
¹ȻûԣǿǸӣѾ뵽Լһҧȥɵģģ۵ζˡ
ܲˣ
ûһ˿ش¹ԭҰѵʳӹ
ȫԼڼʵ顣
ȳ֮Ǹб
˭û¹ԭҰԼڼأ
˭Լ־أ
ֻܰοԼٷûԣ͵Ȼܸߣ涼ˮˮԲֵġ
ҲҪԶģ͵Щ˰ɡ
һֲļʰ취˶³ζֲ֣¹Ųѡ
Ǹ̫ˣر
Ҫǣ¹ðЩ³
Ա˷ʳθıУ
ȻѾˣͲҪǿԼ³ˡ
¹Ӧ¹ҲǲӦģ
ٳҲˣǶپͲˣ¹ôοԼġ
ȥСڵʱ򣬾ڳͷȥ¹ԭҰ绰¹ԭҰѽСͬѧ
ʱ򣬾Ǹ¹ԭҰҵķ㣬ţͲˡ
¹ԼģȻ뵽ôһİ취˳ؿ͹ˡ
ƻǺǲļƻļƻ
¹ԭҰſͣʱ⧲ŵһɡ
Ŀζ
¹Ǳˣô¹ԭҰԿģ
ǰʱȦҫһٿ⣬¹ﶼǿ⡣
Уҹѹȥƽ׹ԼһƬ⡣
˲㡣
Ҳ¹ԼǷ֪ԼʣҪ¹ԭҰȦʳͼƬ֪ԼҪ
Լ־
¹ԭҰȦʳĳ¹ڵ־ʵҲǲˡ
ԾޱȵĿζ¹Ҳſˮ뿾ʲôλ⣬Ȼ侲ͳֻ¹ԭҰ˸绰
绰Ǳߵ¹ԭҰæ绰ǰˣȻݸ¹ԭҰġ
ǷĵĿˮ¹һڣûǺǿҪ˵Ļ˵ſˣСڳɡ
Ŷ֮¹ԭҰһСڣſںؼˣûĻؼҳ԰ɡ
¹棬ֻһ뷨֪ʲôˣ㰡
뵽һɫ㣬ȥ˵Ŀˣ
˵ʲôţ
ûĻؼҳ԰ɣ
¹ٶ۵Ĵ仰˼ˣ
no
¹仰ɵĺһʻűˡ
ŵĲǱˣǴһζĽСͬѧ
˵СͬѧϲӦôôŨĿζģճҲһġ
ɹؼǡ
Сͬѧû갡
Сͬѧ߬һֻţһֻһʴֻոտõģĿ㡭
¹ܹԵظоԼ崻
ȵߵʱѾ¹ԭҰԺϣһֻԵ㡣
ߣǺһſ㣬С͹ĽСں¹ס
¹ǻǵüʵ飬޴ľ¹ٳˣ
ٳԵĻ׶εļʾʧ˰
ʲôʱܳԣ
ǵüʱ
ϧǰֵһᡣ
¹һ룬ͱԼˡ
ʲôġ
˰ɣ
ôóԻʲôʣ
ʾǶԲԵڿ㣡
㵽жóأ
ͻƶ㲻һƤŴߴߴһ֡
е±㣬Ǻе㲻ͬ
ֲ࣬ȫǴģһҧȥƤϳǸо

㰡
׽ʱܹܵƤִдŵ̿˿㣬һճĸо
˾޵ģĽ
ĽǷǳóԵĶԼצʱǸûǸȫڸС
ţǿԵóһʳ
صǳࡣ
ͺܺóˣڸзǳأôóԵĲλһֻ棬ôһ㣬һڣ
ܸˣ
ֺóԵ¹ǰ˰ˡ
󲿷ֶ֥飬ÿø㣬¹ԭҰ֥飬Ū˺ʹС
ķ
һֻմסô˺ʹС
˺ʹеĿ㣬ûдк˵Ŀ㣬Ҳζ
˺ʹУζ˺ʹлҪŨ
Щܹ˺ʹеˣܲ˺ʹС
ĻǾ̫ϧˣ
ΪһֳζĴ䷽
У


98 
Сͬѧ¹׶С, ̫ܲġ
Сϲʹһԡ
¹ԭҰŪ˵СĻ׼
һ, һģȻ¹ԭҰԼԵĿ, ǼϵۣСǳԵ, ǰġ
УǺ΢ǲҲܽܵһ֡
¹ԭҰ˵ȫ, һоû, ܼӶٶ
ǵǷݿ, ͬҲǼ˺ܶ˺ʹе, еܹͣճסȻЩȽģǴлˡ
ܾеˡ
ô˺ʹлȵСں¹ʱ򣬾ֻʣһˡ
ôһ, ˵ճڿģǶ̧١
׼ȷ˵ǣ㶵סǲֵ˺ʹС
¹ǸϲԴнζƷС, ˺ʹлôܻ£
ֱ˺ô
涵ŵ˺ʹл¹˵ȫǣ˿, ־ſ㣬ſӡ
ʵʼ¹ԭҰǷӣΪǼпõġ
һ㡣
Ϊĸо¹ԭҰʱֻϰԼ԰ֿûϰԼ顣
ֻֻ㣬ˬ
ͷ̯λҲĹ
İֻ㣬ֻаֻҲ̫ˣÿӼţе鷳Ҫ
οСӣ
Ǹв̫ˣвֻá
Сֶͺġ
ΪӦŲóģȴû뵽Ȼ˺ʹС
¹ҧһڿ㣬һ⣬ȻÿӼţԼιһ˺ʹУһųԣС飬ˡ
ֻСӵ£̲סʼˡ
Сڿ¹׳ԣģһ£˴Ĵš
˵ζ˿ζ
Ǿѽ
ٺóԣôܹͣǻģǲҪţ¹ԭҰ׼
ˣҶгʱٵĽˣ
¹ԭҰ׼ˣԼģģһֽˊͷĽˡ
¹ԭҰʶֲ˵֣˵̯ϿְɫĽˣΪǴͷȥϲ˲֪
ʲôͷ
˼ҸͲǴС
ѧˊͷٺϿƴģʹݹϵʹеҲ֡
ˊͷֶɵĽĳóԣ
¹ԭҰΪֲԴԣͺܺóԣ֣ġ
̯ͬλˊͷζҲǲһģеƫᣬеƫеģ¹ԭҰǼҾϲ
֣ƫǴˊͷ
ˊͷʣ˵֣Ϊ˶Ƿ˺ܾõģʵġ
ǳԵ¹ԭҰ뵽ģʵĴˣģ͸մӵڳһĸоˮر㡣
ǴˊͷҪˮֲ㣬ڸв࣬ǾͲóˡ
ĿڸУȫùʳԣʱ俾ԣǳģ
ȻˣƬ棬Ҷ棬ֻ˺ҶǿǿϣҪĨϽϣһǴˊͷȻһ
ޣ
óԵģ
ˊͷ࣬㣬ԣһֱһֱԣ壡
¹ͽСڣԽһҵľ硣
ǰĿ㣬ûбĶˡ
ǺʲôѾˣʲôҲҪ
ΪΨһһ˿㼼ܵĴ¹ԭҰһֱæſ㣬ûй㣬ǲҪԱһͶιԱ
¹ԭҰղҲܹԵϹİ˾
¹ԭҰֱðݡ
ôˣǲҲʲô
ǵĶ̥ôû
УڲŶ
ôʳܳԡ
¹ԭҰǵȻǳ˯ˣԼ͵Ե
ɺúˡ
˰ɽţСĹˮţ̣ζ
Ϻ̣Լ˯ȥˣȫð¹ԭҰ塣
˯Ҳرá
ʱ䡭
˰
¹ԭҰӦٶȻеˣȵ뵽ʱˣ
ûзּҳǣҲûзС¹磬Źϴ򲻿ֻڷתÿʼˡ
ϵĽ¹ԭҰû˵֪ġ
¹ԭҰͰ𨣬˶ڿ¯ǰߣϴһζžͺܺóԵζҪȥι̵Ļ
϶ᱻϷֲԵģ
ʱΪźͽСڲڼң뵽¹׵գäŶ¹ԭҰҵĽˡ
һͿ¹ĳͣſڣѳͣԱߣеĿζ
ش˴֡
Ȼͱץ׳ˡ
ȥס˵ϣȻȰ𨻻·˵
ϻûմζϷ֡
һĽվ˷ſڣСشţͼһĨӰѾŷ˳ȥ
һ·񱼵Ժ
ûע⵽еζһͷ˻·İϡ
ҪԼεζһᡭ
ţ
ôô㣿
̥ϿʼˣҪ̧ͷ¹ԭҰۼֿ죬һС¹ƨɣĬϣһѱסС¹ϣȻ˴С
˶¥䡣
Ϻò̧ͷȴԼȻص˷棿
ӦóһţСˮţ̣ˮţȻ˵㿴Ѿˣһܹȵúȵˡ
ô򵥵ϵȻ֪ڸ֪ղŵǸζô£
ۿϲϵ𨻹а취
óһСˮţ̡
Ƶ̣¹ԭҰͷһɹǳɹˣ¹ԭҰûԡ
Լ֮ٸϳԵġ
ھʱȽӦɡ
ϳԹ̣ڷ¹ڳ̵ʱ򣬴յԱ߳䲻͵ߣȻ˸ˬ
Ҫ¹׹״¹ԭҰ֪顣
֪ܲܳЩȻ˵ûϵ¹ԭҰǹ۲һʱ䣬ǿϺһƿˮ
ֱûгκ֮ŷ
Ȼ󣬽ѵһϡ
¹׿ϲĽѵˣ
Ҫ֪ô¹ԭҰҴƨɣƲãʱͲǶϵĳͷǶˡ
Ϊֲܲԡ
¹ԭҰ˸취ðסϣȻһ̣ȫ𿪣¹׵ǰһȸʹ졣
Եûд
ܿܳԾǶϵĳͷ
ϵһγ֮ζѾϲʳ
ŸճôһΣڻڣộȻ̲סˣȥԸʹ졣
һˣûˣû
ס˵ϣ͸צСڹһôˣֻؿС¹˺ö̡
һһؿյ
С¹۾ѾˮһգһǿĽ
¹׶̲סͬˡ
ϱΪԼԲˣû뵽õС¹һ
ڰ¹ԭҰ֮
ȻϾ֪ˣС¹ĶҪ
ҲøС¹ʣһ㡣
̵֪Ѿˣְ˸һһһı棬װḷ̌ǻףϾͲ֪ˡ
ǸС룬۾Ʋһµģֱŵϵǰ
Ȼӽһ̣ŷ֣װľȻ̣
ûʲôζֻкȵˣܸо
һͷͰȥˣͷһһģóԵ۾ˡ
̱ǰԹ̻Ҫóѽ
Ũģ
ﻹܵ˸ղŵǸζѽ
ǸζŵǸоܺóûдŸоܺóʲôã
ֳԲ
һ㶼ʵڡ
Ӵ
ʵʵڳġ
óѽ
ĺϲ
¹ԭҰֻˮҲ֪ôȻûࡣ
һӾͰһС붼ˣûзӦҪ̳ˣ߲ˮţ
ˮţѾȺˣ¶ȸոպڡ
̺ţ̣ҸöҪðˡ


99 
ͬҸðݵ, ڳԵĽ
ŵ˵๤һ죬ܹԵôóԵĿ㡭
жᶼҪˡ
ǺεȵҸ
ֻ㻹в, ȥĳУ˼ƿơƻ, ơ̫, ᲻÷¡
ơƣҹĻƽ
һơƣȻһ, Ϊѹǿͬ, 򿪵ơһð˺öݡ
Ͻʹչȥ, סЩðơơ
¹ס, 㿪ҺȾƣ
ٺٵЦźһڣⲻһҪԼ𣿡ĵģʮһӡ
¹Ҳûзˡ
͵ǸոճԵ̫, һСİѽ˵ɡ
һơƣһڿ㣬Ե, ûһͷϾðһС㺹ӣ¹ҪҪҲ볢һơĸоʲôˡ
ʵ¹ͽСҲԱˣϾͽ, ԵǴ˳ԵĿ㣬Ȳ񫣬¹ԭҰҪһЩۣҧһպһۣպһۣҧһġ
ûһͳԵͷðͨ졣
Сڿú棬չÿպһ£ģܴ̼ǣպһ¡
ȻͱǺһ¡
Ͻܻȥһڵ֭ǹµСģʱӦòˡ
һٿ㣬СڳԵñжˣȻ٣¹ͽҪϰ࣬СҲҪ׶԰
׶԰ǲٵġ
ڶȥ׶԰ʱ򣬽Сڴ󷽵غԼСǣһԼμӸջᣬջϳԵ˺ööĶ
СڵԺƶ񤣬ֻ˵ó֡
ɾΧԱߵСǣÿˮδġ
صң͸ְ˵ԼҪˮĵ⣬֭лдĿ㣡
Ҫ϶˺ʹлģ
üҳһãȻ
Ƕ֪ûģǼҺǴ֪ģ
׶԰ҲǷִСģС༶Ǵ࣬ѧڶ˾ͿСѧһ֣СѧǺһЩġ
Ŀİذ˵һ飬ҳ֪νĿ㣬⻹֭Ǵˡ
ҳǿЦá
ЩȽϳ躢ӵģ뿴ġ
ȻСسǣСسҲǺܴģܶ˾ֻϤԼص㸽ĵطмҸطͺİˡ
һһҹȥʵ
ǷĿƼܹ⣬ҳͳֻȻ󡭡
뿾㣬

û
ûģԼҲûԹҲôŪ
ǵ͹֭Ըһ£СӵļҲǶݵģϾҲûгԹʵе͹֭ϾͰѿԺˡ
ֻеСֻǸһǳǳӡûĻƾͻô
ǶǵģĳЩˣɾûôˡ
Դ֪Լ˳ǹظ֮һֱѻãÿˢ¹ԭҰȦ
ϸѧɵϰߡ
ΪûܳɹԾ뿴С¹ÿʲôԲϿͼƬ·ʲôġ
ϰɵԭ
ȻͿ¹ԭҰȦС¹ջͿ㡭
̬ǰŷġ
ͼƬʳĽ۾Ҫˡ
޲Լ³³󣬺¹ҵС¹һ飬Ȼ󵱺ѣһȥǼҲ䷹ˣ
ϣÿһúóŶ
ȵڿˣˢȦˣһˢˢ¹ԭҰĿ㣬ͼƬֱһŻҪ˰
ǿˮˡ
ԲС¹ҵĿ㣬Ե˼ҵĿҲǺõģûϾûôԹ㣬Ϊÿ̫ˡ
ȫǷ⡣
ǾͳС¹ҷĿͼƬ볢
ȻͦĿʳֻС¹ģȥһͼƬܷˡ
϶ò࣬ҲֻС
þͷĵȥϣ¸
ûĶô
һǻѪȫ˵ϣһɳװ
УȻܿȥ
ΪСѧĽʦȻļڶǸѧУߵģúܶĽһطþûʲôо
ڻѧҲͦġ
Ȼ߹ȥãһȥλøó
ȵðѽŲ֮ȻͲһƨȥȻѽѹõƨϣָˣ
Կ𣿡۷̣Ȼ롣
ͲԲˣ
ǿ
˼ҵĿ㲻ҲԼԼ
˼¹ܸɵ飬ôͲأ
ûǵóϿ㲻ɣ
Ȼ۾ֻĻƽ롣
ô΢ţ㿪ȦȻŴſͼƬȻǰٸһᣬ㿴˵һ飡
þͲˣ
ܶͼƬ˵
ڴ֮ǰעһڵʱ䣬ҹŵ࣬ϴ󲿷ֵ̼ҶˣֻСֵտ껹Ӫҵ
ʱ㣬ͼƬ
ȫҹˣ
⧲ͼƬȻϾͻϴѧʱſʳϵĿ
ǵûд
ȻԹ㣬Ϊ̫̫̫ˣ
ȻԼǲԵģ˰ֻԵýζǹͷµҶˡ
ΪԵ̫㣬Ȼһԡ
Ǹʱ򣬶ʦֵۻûôߡ
ֻҲֻҪʮǮ
ȻһݣҧһڣȻͺˡ
ûȥôóԣ
̫̫̫̫ˣ
ȻҧһڣŲ˷ѵģǿֳڣǡ
飬Ĳ;ܽġ
ڸϴѧȻʮǮǺģȻǰֵֻʮǮĿˣ׸Ͱ
ȫ޷ΪʲôܹԵô㣡
ļѧȻҲûпˡ
ѧУſڵǼҿ꣬Ȼڴһ°ѧڣûǼҵˡ
źǵ˵ӡ
еζѳԹѳԣǰͼƬˡ
֪ܷʵȻ鲻Խ̿ˮΪ㿴źóĺó𣿴󲿷ֶǷ⣬Բȥġ
õĿζȻ֪ܲ
࣬ͰݵģһСĳԵһҪ³ġ
Ŀζ㻹Կ㣿
е֪֮
ڶʦ۶󰡣
˷Ѳ˰
ķܶ࣬ҲܳԵĲְɣ㿴öó԰ҪǲһµĻþԼ϶˯žˣ
Ǿ£
Ȼٻеǣ˼ҿģĿ㶼һóԣҵģܸ㶨𣿡
ˣеġ
õȻ֪볢һ£ô֪һ漣أ
漣ļ裬Ȼˡ
漣ˣ㻹ԡ
û취ȻֻܴӦǮֻ˷˵ʱ侫ѣſͼƬ
ȻǸóԣϡ
òϣͼƬ۲ˡ
֪óҲ볢һ¡
治ǽã֪ɽлƫɽеԸһģһ
ھȥɣѾȲˣ
Ȼƨһţҷ˳Цǵ㣡㿴ڼˣأ˼ҳ͹ˣ
СسǣҪֻط
̺ͳС
̱ȽţеĹʱϵľŵ롣
ֶʮСʱӪҵģҲֻʣ¿ϵ»˰ɡ
ڳлӪҵǶʱˣ⻹ʵ
ôżԿ㣬ҲȥС
ϣվҪڶԿĿ˯ˡ


100 
Ϊ˳Եžͺ˵Ŀ, ٣úѵõ˸硣
Ӿˡ
𴲵ʱȻû, ʹرø, ܽѵ, ˭ԼӦȥأ
ϴ֮, ־ͰԼͷ, ȫ뻯ױ, ֻͼԿ׾óȥˡ
ǼԱûвгģ˵ĻϹȥ˳, ֻվľ룬˶ʱ䡣
˳֮, Ҫһ·, ܵС
Ȼʱ仹, ͵ĴүѾ, ڳˡ
λϼ˴, úȻ׳ĴûܼЩ, ȺпƮʮ, ڿ⡣
˳Ҳ֪ΪʲôôΧ
ԭؼۣǰʮŵԪһ, 廨ʮԪһ, ʮŵһ, ôŻݵȣȻĶˣοЩǣ
Ȼһ¸ƵС, ҪǰȥƬԡ
СȴǰѾˣֻλ⣬ȻҪҪ
ΪѾǰʮŵ˵Żݼ۸Ȼٿλ⣬е㿴ۣû򣬾һ㡣
ǶʮĵԪһ
һһңȻһǵûһˮ
óԵĻ´ˡ
òóԣֻһǶʮǮҲۡ
Ȼ㣬ڹ棬ͷԼҲõˣֶ̫࣬Ҳ֪˵ȥˡ
û취ֻܴ˸绰ˡ
òҵˣȻ֪ǿؼ۵ˮ̫ˣ̲סȥˮȥˡ
ƻ㽶ϡ
ˮװˣ
ôˮûϵǼһˮˮźܶӣһ˳ԵĻܳˡ
һӵˮټһֻ㣬ȻУҲʮǮ
ǴͷǶʮǮƻ㽶ӣȻ࣬ǵ۱ˣҲ˶Ǯ
ضɡ
ˣڿˡ
ó㽶˿Ĳף㵱С֡
ҪȰϴɾȥë׾װɣúϲӵԼС㣬ֻûëеĻɵùθɾһ㰡ҪǳԵʱԵëǺܶĵġ
鲻һ£ҪǶȻ϶ܱĳʮˡ
һĲ˵ٷϻĻԼŪ
Ū˾ͱϻ
õģѡ񲻷ϻԼС֣ȥë֮ҪϴɾгС飬ˮ¹ͻƾƣ󿪣Ʋȥĭ

֮ǰΪǺܼ򵥵ذڿϿˣû뵽ôӵġ
Ҫ±ˣȻڻ濾
ȻѾ±ˣֱ̳ӳԲó
ΪʲôҪڻϿ
þͺܲ⡣
ôдˡ
ȥëȻˮãȻ˵Ѷȣǽ±㲿֡
ʲô˽ҶƤ
úȻ³ģ֪ЩʲôǶţ
ǼȷЩ
漰Ȼ֪ʶäˡ
Ī˸㲻
úȻ˵ĸ׳ǰ±ˡ
±֮˰
Ҫľ̿ͿܣȻԷϲûǵĸס
ĸױʾ㿴ҲûãǼûֶ
ͷҲš
ô죿
㲻
㶼±أ
ĸ׸˸취ƽ׹ɡ
ûߴߴģһǿһǼ壬һ
ûпܣҲÿɣ
ĸףûпֶ
Ҫôƽ׹Ҫôֱӳԣ
ĸͨ뺣ֻ˵ѡƽ׹塣
˳ŻοһԼĺͼʵҲ˶٣Ǻ˵ǿ⣬ʵϲƽ׹
ƽ׹濾֮ڿʼˡ
ǺһڣǶ˳һģĿ㣬Ȼл֥ǵ㾦֮ʣԲٵġ
ûĿ㣬಻ãǼ֮
ŵ룬⿾㣬ϣ¹Ҳ˶ˣ
൱Ȼǲ˶ˣֻ㶼˴лסˣܿŶ
ҧһڡ
Ȼͱˡ
ҧ⣬ҲǣҲǣͶ˼£Ȼ³һ⡣
Ҳ̫˰ɣᡣ
ôȻֻ˿һʱĶ
Ȼ׼
ڳԵʱֻǰ˳ûĲܽܡ
֪ܷʵġ
ôʵ⣬ԲȥѵҪ
е˷Ѱ
ĸǾԲôɵġ
ʵҲرֻеζеһʱ֮䲻ܽܶѡ
ĸ׾ͳһڣʵԡ
ϾԱ߰ѿţζʲôġ
ǿԳԵġ
ȻúȻ˲ԣǾϼӵ˰ɣ
̫˷ˡ
ĸ׵ľȻûа˽һ¹¹Ŀζ
ȻǾãǿ㣬¹ٺãҲûѷ⣬Ŀ϶ǲóԵġ
ö¹һĪΣþǱ䲻ģǷҲа취úóԵİ
ûǵСʱը͵ʱըһȻ˶ϲ԰
ȻܱúóԣǾ˵¹ĿһҲܺóԡ
߼ģȻʦȥˣ
ʲôȻϵ
ûУ
ԵĺܺóԣͲĿ㣬ȻȻǲŵģ
һ˵þû취ˡ
ȻԵ¹ƿ㣬ԶԲأôȻԵ
¹ҵĿ㣬ҪΪһ޽ִˡ
Ϊ㳳ܵʱ¹ڲԼ
˼͸¹׵ģԼһպؿȻֵǮ⣬͸¹׵ģһĸѣ͸¹׵ģһǦʺС
ǦʺǰرУҶС
ȻǽСں¹͸¹׵һ˫Ь
¹ԭҰңʵûر¹溵ЬĵطӲҪ˵Ļ¹ԭҰҵ¥¥ûôװޣռ俴ŻǺܴġ
¹ҪĻҲǿԵġ
ҸĻȻкܿ··ΣյĵطǲСǱˣġ
¹֮Ҫ뵽¹ԭҰģһȥ԰Ƶ
ȻҸû溵Ьĵطǹ԰㳡ϣطر¹溵Ьûϥаȫñûˡ
¹ԭҰǸƵʱѾȥܾˣ¹û뵽¹ԭҰÿ찴ʱȥ԰Ϊ˼ʡ
ڣѾˣȥ԰飬һһ١
ڣ¹ԭҰѾײԸȥ԰ˡ
ϵķŷʱ䡭
ʵ¹ķ羰ȹ԰Ҫã¹ԭҰð¹͹ˡ
Ǿİõؿʼլˡ
ȥνЩ԰Ѿϰ¹ԭҰС¹ЩˣͻȻûС¹еϧ
ϧҲһʱġ
˼죬ҾֻǵһˣһֻС¹ϲС¹乫԰
Ҷ¹Ϊĸ¹ԭҰͰôܻ¹׵
ʲôͳ¹ԭҰͰһ㡣
ûʲô뷨¹ԭҰȥ˱׼Ȼ󡭡
ᡣ
һָߣȻ¹ԭҰǰ͹¹ָߵĻľָкܶϵаǰ͹Ӱ¹ԭҰ͡
һ·ߣо˼ӣϤ·󡭡
ѡĸ¹ԭҰû취
ˣһһһС¹ֶ
ָָߣ··һ棡


101 
¹ԭҰͰ, ¹͸¹׵һ١
¹׻ļʼʱµѧҲˡ
ѧǰһ, ѾмҳѯСıˣʱƣѯʵļҳԽԽ࣬¹ԭҰûظˡ
ɴֱȦһ̬, ǰʼ
ҪҪ˵¹ԭҰȦ˵СǼ۵, һѧ, ԭǧһѧڵ, ڱǧһѧڡ
ȷҶܿڵķˣ֮ѧڱľˡ
޶ʮˣʱʮһ, ķʽǵ¹ԭҰȦ֮, Ȧ۵ǰʮǱɹ
ȦһȥҪЩˣǰ׼ˡ
¹˵ʮһӷȦӾ͵öʮʮҡ
ðƽʱϰߣһ㶼֮ſʼˢȦģΪ¹ԭҰҲǸʱġ
ˢһ£ûˢ¹ƽʱᷢЩʳ, Ҳ⣬ˢ¹ģȿ˵Ȧ
·ţһͷ¹ԭҰѧСȦ֪ͨ
ǰ漸ֵʱͿһ¡
Ϊһʽ֪ͨ
Ѳѧִˣ
ôֲõԤ, ȥһͷˣûдС¹Сʽ
ǸԤѡ
Ԥð
ûеһʱ俴ϢˣҲӵһչʵĻˣ
õı£ʮһ㣬Լʮٵʱˣ
ȻĬĬض˸ӣֻ˯ȫûҪС¹СʼϢߴҵ˼
ֲɵӣ
ܹʮˣŵľֻ֪жٸأ
û¸ҪԼӾְ
һ֪С¹Сʼ飬þͶһֱɹĿԣ
þԼ̫ˣ
ĴӦúܶɣ
ϣľǣҲһҪһĴ
ô
Ҳ֪ĸ򣬰С¹СıԤͼ˳ȥȻþͷԼӵһȺ棬Ҷ˵顣
Ҳš
ϾȺʯҶΪȺȺԱ϶ԹС¹СķˣС¹Сġ
΢Ȧôһ⣬ǾǷǺȻܿԷȦǲܵޣҲ޷ۡ
¹ԭҰȦֻǰʮô򵥣ǣ
Ϊ΢ŵܣ
Ҫ뱨Ļü¹ԭҰ΢źѲſԣ
ʱöǸй¶ϢߵķŭһӾɢˡ
Ƕɵ˰ɣ
֪ôûкѣʸûУңã
¹ĺѣ
ʮλãضһ
õؿģĬĬؿʮһ㻹СʱˮȺҲûϵ
һӲϺѵˣ˳һԼʤߵã
ˮˮţǾ̲סˣ
ʲô
˵ԼϷ¹ǸˣոȺ˵Լ¹ͨˣ
һźţ
ȻȺֳ֮˼ˣ˵Լĺѱ¹ͨˡ
չ˺˵ֻҪ¹緢˺ģܱͨ
ڻûʮһӣԳڸϽ¹ĺѣܸѧС¹Сı
ϢһóЦˡ
ȻԺԼʮ٣ȺͷˣҲ
Ҷôꡣ
¹ԭҰһ緹ĥĥ䣬ǾŵˣȻֻܶ˼΢ţҲܲµġ
Ȼͨˡ
һ֣оеͷˣ¹ԭҰûټˣǸȺͷ󲿷˶ˡ
ȵʮһӣ¹ԭҰ׼ʱһȦȸ룬ˢһ£ʮ˾ˡ
¹ԭҰʮ˽ͼȻȦʾֹͼƬ˰СʱڵﱨɷѾʽɹ
Ȼ¹ԭҰͿǮˣ
ŻһСʱʮ˵ǮյȻͳϢȿѧˡ
¹׵ͬѧ㣬ҲȦˣС¹Сܻӭĳ̶ȣûһܾĸ
ԺԼʮһһԱɹ
Ǳżʱ軹ܵģŲôżһҲûйϵ
󲻸ѽ
жʮԼѵ
費ɴùֻʮһʱ
٣ɶǶϷʱģһͦǰġ
һҪ⣬ǼҺͱ˼ҲһԷⷢһΣ
òС
Ͻַһ
ѾŬؼӿٶˣ۵̣ûһĶҲûж򣬾ͷһһǵڶۣûܳɹǰʮ
Ծ͵ڵľ档
Ҫ绹ã
˵ӦҪģΪǸԼģҪ˵ģһûϵĻʱŽһûء
ҲϲС¹С
㱾ݵøСһˣǿŲҲÿ
С첲Сȵģôϸ˵һͻۡ
С¹ҳһѧڵķ˲⣬ŽʵˣСԲˣҲÿˡ
Ͽ¹ԭҰǼϢ֮Ҳûԥһѧڹ
ͳҵķˣҲø㱨
ڸ󡭡
ñ˳ɡ
ȻƽʱֵӸƫһЩӶûиƫĸ˵Ͼ̥ʮʣġ
ԼǸģԼԣӦõģԸøãǸ۰á
ǲǿøøõġ
ԼԷ顣
С¹ҵ¹ͬѧ¹ԭҰܻῴķϣ˵顣
ҲûбŶϣõ˾ܾĽȻҲû̫ʧ
˵ʱһֱǱ˰죬ˣ͸˵Ӧ¸ѧڲܺ͸һԷ˰ɡ
跳յӣ˵ԼûϵҾÿؼңķϲķˡ
⵽СʹŶ
жذ㱧ڻͣš
ôôĵСʹģ
̫˰ˣ
ϸѧڴǱ߳ԵҲܰ׳ԣˣ
ǸٷģͺͣǶپ͸óԣǶٸԡ
ڸĻ
˵ѧУԵġ
뵽ϸѧڣѧУʳóԵĳ¼ߣϾ͸ˣҾ㵽̯һɡ
ǽͷɾС̯ҲѧУʳõĲɫҪá
ȻͷС̯ϵʳҲǼˣҲ٣һԲǡ
һݳԲݣҪǻԲǾˡ
͵ٳԵˡ
󶼿ҪԼжأ
Ǹøѽ
󻹾Լֻÿһ٣еģ֪ûܳɹ֮󡭡
ͻȻҸС
һֻܳһʲô
ܱûóԺð
˵Ҳ̫˵ɣ
Ȼûܱ
¸ѧҪʲô
ʳãſС̯
ֻܳЩҲ̫˰ɣ
ҲԼܿ˭ûأ
˳һ±ʳĥһѧڵĳ¼ɹ
Ⱥ˳¼ü£Է͸һûκεķӦ
ֻ¼Īǳʲô⣿
иС⣬ʲô¡
Ϊ
ɹС¹Сˣ
ԼҲû뵽
¹˵ģ֪Լɹ֮ȥ¹縶Ǯȥˡ
ǸǮʱģ¼΢ûôǮõĶ֧¼˺þã㼱
ΪԼҪôˡ
Ǻ¹˺ã֧ķʽ֧΢š
ǳ¼ôɹر


102 
ͳ¼һ˵Ļһã
ʵԼŵԣ
ѧڳɹˣ
Ȼһ, һߣòǳɹ
ֻҪҵԼһɹˣһոͷѾͿ, ˷ܵذԼɹϢȺ档
ĵúܿĵȺ÷Ϣ֮Ѹٰˡ
þͺһսһ
о
˺ð죬һһƱ, ǿ̫ˣ
һεºܿԱɹ
Ƕûɹ
ΪٶȹһǰʮʱڵʸûС
¹ԭҰȦ˵, ǰʮзڲ뱨Ļ, ˳һλ, ˵ò뱨ˣôʮһ, ӵбʸ
˵Ľʺ, ȻúˬȺΪҫԼɹġ
ΪҴͷѵСģ
Ⱥôˣѵûһ˱ɹ
еС
ǷģܺһͷѵС飬ȷûеġ
ã
ҲСζʲôأ
ζԼһҪͷѡ
ܹС¹С, Ѿе㻨Ǯˣͷѡ
ð첻
ô죿
ѵҪ
У
Ϊ˱סǮˣ
ôԷ
ͷѡ
ĳ
ô죿
һֱᵽ˿ѧЩ죬ҵһͷѵ, Ҳ
ǡ
ûôһˡ
û취ֻܰתˡ
˭Ҫ˭ɡ
ҲԲţ˭õҲõ¡
ʱ䣬Ǿ䣬ϳǹأ䣬취𣬱ɹ𣬳ͷѣ䣬䡭
ѾңҲʲôˡ
ʵʵȥǹѧѧȥɣ
óȥѧǸҲѧˣΪһµصУǸеʦǴӸгġ
ǸеԴĸһ֮⣬߶ͬҲǴͷŵġ
һ꣬ѾϤȴͻȻһѧֻ¿ʼӦ
øһתת˼ҸܿʳãԵķˣеΪԶֻסУ
סУ͵óʳá
ߣжԲߣǾԶͨ㣬ͱҪסУģ취ġ
ͲѧУӣԷ
ĪתĸһҪһ꣬ҪһĪܾͿϺôѧˡ
ѧУʳˮƽ⣬ĪļҳҲ˵ˡ
ͺܵġ
Ҳû취ȥֵѧУʳˮƽУĪҳȻ뵽ѧУĵ档
ҵһζĳԷص㣬Ǯ⡣
ǾҵС¹С
ҲãպõתãĪĸǶգ޷˽ȥ
С¹СʵҳȦеϢϾѧôƳ磬뱨
ѧ뱨ǮǼҳ
ԼҳҲô֪ˡ
ĪҳҲֻһ֣ΪĪǰѧУС¹СľӪΧڣҲ
εתУĪСľӪΧڡ
ĪҳȥһС¹С¹ԭҰ΢źžûƷǺѵĲ鿴Īҳּ˼ѧȺ
ôѧȺ˵С¹Сĺû
ܲǼٵİɡ
Īҳôˡ
ѧһʼĪҳʹĪ·ˡ
ԭѧǶطǳİС¹СԱи־ԵСѧڡ
ĪҳҲҴŶˡ
ŵţһȦҵС¹С
ò˵С¹Сſûһƣ̫ˡ
ĪһС¹СĪҳͿöѧԷˡ
˵İϴһ֣ϴŵΧȹɸɾģҵѾﵽ˱׼
ٿˣһӣһӱһΡ
ǳرӣر˿֮⣬гʳָô֣һҧȥ⣬㣬ûһɳӣжóˡ
εǷըģȻһŨ֭ǳֵģƤֵģȴ۵ġ
㣡
˳⣬ɫཷкɫĺ콷̵ģɫʷḻҪǳҲá
ӱг״֮󣬷ڹԵģģģĴ࣬ɲը࣬Ҳǻƹ࣬ӱеһִڡ
㣬һǿθ
õһٷĪҳҲ˰ɣˣĪҳǷˡ
Īһ뿪ˡ
ĸ֮ĪȻɶˣԱߵﶼһҲȥһݡ
õ˲֪⾹Ȼե֭
ŵУɫĴⱻե֭ե÷飬ĪǸİ
ˣ
õ֭ʱĪʶغһڣ𣬺ˬĸʹˡ
ǴӵϣûǸһһذ̫鷳ˣѡķֱӶȥͨͨե÷顣
ȻһĿȽСɸӹˣһӾɸֻʣºúȵĹ֭ˡ
һӲûӰ쵽֭Ŀڸлζ֭ǳ𣬺Եζķǳˬ
ܹեôӣԭĹӦúܺó԰ɣ
ĪϲˮģҲϲ֭˵ȫа̣
úõˮΪʲôֱӳԣ
Ҫ˼ե֭
ȵ֭ȴıĪ뷨Ȼڣڵĵ
Ҳ֪ϰġ
ûгԵôóԵϡ
ôõϣȻ򵽵ģ¹ԭҰԼֵġ
ӵϰƼӣ˵ֳر
¹ԭҰˣҲûرģϾͺܺرϣ¹ԭҰǼҽҪȥϡ
Ϊ̫ˣһ˸Բ꣬¹ԭҰùСﵱˡ
ˣʣºܶƤôأ
¹ԭҰʱ䣬ѧһƤǡ
Ƥǣ¹ԭҰȫû뵽оǼٵģǺöģ˵ǽ¹ԭҰĶˡ
ʣôƤùҲ
óԵĻ͵Ƕһʳ
ԴС¹ǸԸ¹ԭҰȡ˽ѵæҲܺԺӡ
ԣǰ໨Щ˼ڳԵ档
ΪҲû³ԵһΣ¹ԭҰŪ˰ƤһҪѹƤǲƤȥɫĹⲿ֡
ȥٰ֮ѹⲿгС飬гɷԵ״Ϳˡ
¹ԭҰͻȻ뵽ʵƤǣҲɽ˰
¹ԭҰǼһϲԽ˵ģʱҪԣ͵ʱҪԣԱʱҲҪԡ
˵˳Զ˺岻á
Ǻóѽ
ƤܹɹĻ¹ԭҰҲȫƤǡ
ôǣǼҿ϶Բꡣ
ˣôǣ¹ǿƾͲҪˡ
Իɽ˰ɡ
˵ıʱҲܳ»
𿴰Ƥоӣ¹ԭҰ鷳ģǱŬйƤӣڳԷĽСںؿ˹
˾ʲôѽ
ǽСͬѧһСѧΪ˾˼ҾСѧǳĵϰѽСͬѧ˹Ȼ󡭡
ýСͬѧѧԼȥ˾˼ҡ
Ȼ֪˾˼ҾſڣСѧİѽ
Сڻен
ʦźöӴѧУ˳Χͬѧҳˣֻʣ½СһˣʦֲܲܣڽСڸʦ˾˼Ҿ
ʦѽСͽС¹С
û׼ֱӽȥʦһʧ̬
ʱǷ㣬λʦողһڿΣ齲εͼˣ͵°֮ȥԵõġ
ʱͻȻŵɷ㡣
ĽĿˮһ̲ס˺÷


103 
βƳԱߵһѧ, ͽһӡ
ôһӣ˺ôһ
ԭԭʳպһ֭
һڳԽȥ
ʲôζ
벻һܺó԰ɣ
λʦ˰֮󣬱ȥЩը, , Ǻʲô
Ϊе, ķ˲ǺԣЩôʳƷ, Ȼķլˮ
񫣡
ǿ˼ѧԵӣʵ
Ҳǲܳһˡ
ôӵĻ
ҪΪʦע, ڰѽСڽ¹ԭҰ֮ǰʦְܾϵ˽СڵļҳҲ¹
ȷ¹ԭҰǽСڵľ˾֮󣬲ŰѽСڽ¹ԭҰ
ˣλʦҲûܿˡ
ȥʲôˣ
ȥһӵĵȥԼ˰ɡ
ڽСں, ¹ҲŽ, ¹״СڳԷӣĺһˡ
¹ԭҰʱȥǵġ
Ƥȫк֮, ŵ泴, ʱ, ʱ, ζ
ڳԷ⼸ˣϾͲˡ
Ƥʱ򣬻᳴ܶˮ֣ҪЩˮ, Ȼ֮󣬰϶ϰǣ˵Ƥͦÿģǳɫͨ͸Ĺ⣬еǸ˼ˡ
Ǹ˼ˣһѳõƤŵɻ档
ʡʱ
ûкɻģɣɵĻûкɻôá
¹ԭҰģǴƵѧġ
¹Ȼְ֪Щʲôǿ¹ԭҰ⵹õƤʱ򣬾Ϊˡ
ղųԷʱ򣬾ŵŵζ극֮ûɢ¹׾ͺˡ
ʲô͸ְ˵¹ԭҰġ
ְʲôóԵģܳ𣿡
¹ԭҰһھܾУûá
ܾҲ£¹ְ֪ĵĿ϶ָԼԵģʲôʱԳԣ
¹ԭҰҲ˵ãÿƤʲôʱɣ룬ҲҪȵѧɣϷѧ
¹̧ͷһӱʮһ㣬ѧʱʮʮ֣Ҳ˵ٹĸСʱʮӣ¹׾ܹѧˡ
Ҳûֵ¹ֵգԣһѧܻؼˣ
ؼҾܳԵˣ
Կԣ
Ϊ˳ԵģְץԼĴ¹׺ܶµŽСȥдҵˡ
Сʲô˵ͱ¹Сȥ¥Ϸˡ
ڵдҵ¹׶Ѿͳҵ׼ʼдˣСͬѧҵûó¹׿ǲİһƣı飬Сôóҵд
㲻дҵĻҰְֲԵĵġ
СһûеĳԣϾˣǡ
ʦûвҵ
С׶԰ʱ򣬾ѾҵˣЩƴм򵥵ּӼûн̶ΪСѧ׼
Ϊǵһ죬ʦҪǺܶණѾСѧˣܶණ׶԰һˣЩҪһһؽǡ
ԽСڽûҵ
ûҵûϵ¹㡣
¹վԼԱߣó¹ԭҰ˱ʣȻקһֽСڡ
Դ뻭ʲôʲôǲҪŵдҵС
ڽС˵ֱ͸һһ㶼Ϊѡ
ޱʣбʣ˱ʺһ
Ͼ뵽ԼҪʲôˡ
ҪһֻС¹
Сܵܡ
Сܵһ˫ִֺÿĴ۾гϸϸСȡ
СԽԽ飬ϵڻֽزģ¹׶дҵˣûлꡣ
¹һʱ棬ʹյԱ߿һ£һ˶סˣСڻʲôأ
ȫֲ¹ֱ˽Сڡ
ʱС¹ŷǱ߼˽ԹɫûʲôΣգȻ̤̤ؽˡ
СһСܵãԼƷٵϵԱߣ¹׿С¹磬һϣ㿴񣡡
¹׿СڻģٿԱߵϡ
⵽׸˵ʵǼٻ
ɲ˵ʵ˵ٻܻ˺һܵܵġ
¹׿̫ˡ
¹ԭҰ˿¹ס
ʱ䣬һۣ¹ҵдˣСҲûҵ¹ԭҰͺȥ˯
¹ԭҰ˵ֻйԹ˯ˣϲܳԵġ
仰û˵ڣ¹׵һɴȥˣСڿ¹׶ȥˣҲȥˡ
ϴǸɣҲ˹ȥǼһţҪcλ
˯˯¹ԭҰͰҲҪˡ
ԷѧǶˣʰ˶Ҳ˼뿪ˡ
¹ԭҰһ˯㡣
С¹ǱѾӣϿǰʮӻ죬ʱС¹ԴСȥѧϵĻ
ⲻھͻˡ
˯ҲҪʽС
˯ǰһǾԲٵģ¹ԭҰҲŸϳһЩʳӤӸʳ
ͶԴ˳Եʳˡ
ڵĸʳ̣ˮͲ˺
ԵûгԹĶǽһ˷ܰβͶʼ˦ˡ
ȻЩͬĸʳ˯ǰһ̵ϰߣûġ
С¹Сڸ缷һ˯ˣû˯ŰԼʹ¹׷¹ԭҰˡ
Ǹ¹ԭҰͰ˯ġ
ȵһ֮¹ԭҰ¹׵ķһ¹׵Ǹ䣬ϸ㣬ʵڡ
ֻмĲǽһƽʱŵ֣϶ǺԵģܱ֮ˡ
¹׺һһá
һ߼ƻżԺ飬¹ԭҰһȺ̣ƿϺȣһƿȥϾˡ
ţ̵ЧȰҩҪá
˵ϾͺϲˣһƨϣǲԼȥ˯
Ҳ֪ѧģȻһҧס¹ԭҰ·ߡ
¹ԭҰƿû취ϴֻܽ𨣬ԼֻԽԽصС¹ϰᡣ
ְֶѾϵϴˣϻǲ⣬۾һһյģǲϱ۾˯
ȵϴƿˣϵעϵһߡ
߶ǼҳҳΧŵǰˣ۾һգ˯úģ
¹ԭҰģҲˣϣҲ˯
˯ôã϶Ǵ¹ԭҰŴģŴһõĵطˡ
ǡ

¹ԭҰ˯ʱʯҶҲѧУݡ
ʯҶƴģҲǿֵܵС¹СĲɫ
ˣȴû
еĹؼ
ҪʯҶõԼĺģȨʯҶ
û¹ԭҰ΢ţǼҳҳ
飬ܹǲ̫˽ģԾͲʯҶƴ
Ծʹˡ
Ժѣһʳãһںѵע£ֵضŴ̫ȥС¹СԷ
Ȼôҫʵе֣ʯҶһ䣬ѧУʳóԵú𣿡
ֵܾͲҪ
ΪʯҶ󶼶
ΪѧУʳ̫ѳԣ²۵ӶѧУһȦˣ
ѧУӦҲһİɣ
Ƕ鶮ܲܲͬһ
ΪֻҪһ뵽ʳõĴԼС¹ңʯҶ̲ס֡
Բ˰
ѧУʳõķˣûʯҶô
ǲġ
ȲС¹¹գлصġ
Ǵﵽ˶ʦǼ֮ǰʳòˮ׼ɡ
֮ǰʳò˵ˮ׼
ѧУô󷽵
ʯҶʾš
źѽ
ǳԸʯҶһʳò˵ģ
ķø
ķøʯҶˣûóˣܲŶӰɣԡ
ʯǽɣ
ʯҶ󣺡
˰¶ӵĿʯҶôܻӦȻǿӵҪ

Ǵʳò߹ġ
ΪȥС¹ҳԷһѧУʳõķ
ʵ֤ľȷġ
С¹һѧУʳã
Ҳ


104 
һ, С¹Сǽһ
͵ſѧһһˣǣ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻû
ֵǣûɹ, ʯҶӾȻɹ
Ҫ˭
ֻ˵̫Լļҳˣ
, һ¹΢š
ʱʯĴܻ
, ô赱Ҳûõġ
ˣ
죡ǰԼƤڵϲȣ
ҲҪԵС¹С
磡Һһ磡֪һзʵҾ볢С¹ҵζѷ˴ɣ
ƤرסʯҶ, ҾͳԿݷ𣡡
Ͱͣʵϡ
ĵ뷨ȴǡ
˵˵ѣ, Ȱʯͺ, ȵϳԷʱ򡭡
ǲľ˵Կݷ
ٺ٣
˶رţҲǳô棬ԱͬѧĿˡ
ѵڳϷ
Ȼ˺, ԱߵͬѧֻĬĬΧۡ
Ͼ컹ǵһ죬ֻǽһ, һȽİĽ׶ΣʱͲ̫
ʯҶΧΧۣҲһ߳ģΪ˰ûƤû, ֻʱӦ, ˣҴӦ˰ɣҽûС
ʯҶҲǴʹ־˵ϸ, 
⻰û˵ڣͿһֵֻСӣóһġ
У
ⷹʯҶ󵱳˿һµİ
пǶʱ䣬ʯҶÿһ춼ȥܲ
ʯҶ֪еĸиСȱڣһСĸġ
УʯҶϾˣһ׼
ԲŶоԼˣ
ʯҶʮֺڣҪڡ
ʶʯҶʮģ
֪ܲһ뷴
һŵǧʯҶ˵Ǹƨ
Ȼĳ£˵ҲǸƨ
Ϊ˷ֹʯҶ󷴻ڣͳһʯҶϲܾõһŵְ죬ְͳʯҶǰ˻Ρ
ʯҶǺϾͣһ£Ŀʼֱ˼
˼
Ц
ʯҶͺõʲôźһϼرʾϾ͸
ٴ΢Цʲôû˵ȫʯҶԼᡣ
Ȼ绹ûϿΣѾʼڴʱˣ
Ѿ̲סˣ

ʯҶϿεʱһ꼶СѺͶ꼶Сѣǰʮӣ̷ѧ
СĴʦѾǸˡ
ӵʦǹ̶ģÿѧʱһڿεʦεģӵʦǸʦ֪Сڵľ˾˼ҾԱߡ
·ùǳȫ
ǴʦǣŽСڵ֣͵С¹С
ʵ¹ԭҰӻˣʦҲͦźġ
Ϊӻ꣬ǾѧУӻꡣ
ǶҪ߼·ľˣȻҪģҲֻľߡ
һڿνˣͻȻое칫ûгԵģ½ڿλҪȥϿΣʱôأ
ȻȥС¹Ǳʳ
ַֿ㡣
Դȥӻ겻֮Ҫ·ǿμʮСʳֵĲҲˡ
ʦźġ
ŽСڽʦΪӻ̵ģҪǺ档
磬ͽСڵǸʦڰ칫һԼļţСܶѧԷⶼ
ϾʳóԵĻҲܿ档
ǣ
Ǹʦʱջ˰
ʦսģЩɫģ
ĿסȻԲ
Ǹʦڰ칫˵ʲôţ
ָҪֵӣͽſǣ˺ʵģûɳӵӣ⣬Խܹоڿǻ衭
ΣŨĽ֭ΣÿӼţǳһ
촽涼մ˽֭˷ѵͷ
ȻˣϸйٵǸʦԼԲģģۿģϾҲʦ
Ĳ˵ʻȫͬĵġ
Ǹʦڰ칫ﵱ˸ʳ˵ıݣǰûκεʵǸ칫ҵʦ
ȫˡ
΢Ц
Ȼô˵Ϊ֮칫еʦ鲻Խ̿ˮǸʦŸߴҡ
ʵûԵţǶǻ롣
С¹֮߱󣬾ȥһ£ûײͷֻרʵһҵ꣬ӡ
кüӣӣǽС¹ҿȻӣΟhӣӡ
⼸ԣԡ
ˮӾġ
һֱ˵ձǳʳʲôģʵҲгʵϰߣƤƤϺзǿųԵģϺҲϺ
ʦ֪ʱ򣬳ƤƤϺз
˵ģƤƤϺз˳ԿڸȫͬǾӨ͸֣ģһ򿪵ģȻʡ
Ǻ֪ƤƤϺз֮Ϊȥûˡ
ˮӾͲˡ
ѡӰɣϾʦģǺ
۸Ҳܹһ̾Ҫʮ
û취˭أ
һ̺ӣٵ׷ʦĲɫ
̼ṩͼƬӺǳӣС绹ûõʦͲסеļأ
Ȼ󡭡
õʲôӵľͲ˵ˡ
ɡ
һ㶼ʣͼƬʵȫ
ʦֳʵӣ
һȥȫ⣡
û취ֻܽ˰ȥ˳ûӵİɡ
˳ＹҲγԡ
ĴʦǱʦִŵӸŪġ
ǸС
ֲʲôƵ꣬ҲʲôСϰҲʲôרҵʦ
ôó
ûŶ߻صġ
νʵ֪Ĵʦ֪ģˣ
Ȼڼ㣿
롣
¹ԭҰ𴲰Сʱհ׷ϴ÷ڹڲʲôġ
ڴء
ĳƷ˰
λʦǴﲻĿˣֻܴظ
ʦûУеĻʹһ
Сڣҵ𣿡¹ԭҰһʽīһ߰Ա¶ǸС¹Դ˻ȥ
ͷˣ¹ԭҰʦ˵ʱϾʹ¥ˡ
ű¶Դй۲졣
Ҳ֪ѧģϰ
Էѧûϳһνѧ˵Ļ͵ðϹص¥ȥ
ѧˣΧ֡
Сڵ˵ͷ¹ԭҰڳԷдҵܻᵷСһ¹ԭҰ˻ȥˡ
ϵĲ˱Ƚϼ򵥣һ嶹һը׻һǽ¹ԭҰڻڴϡ
׻õǴ⣬ϵǲƤ¹ԭҰ˺Ȼ޹ǣгɴģζա
ͷҲöԵǽϵ
ڽҲҪرգгɿˣ¹ԭҰ˵ӽлƹϣǽˡ
嶹Ҫõ϶϶ʵرȽϽʵҲк˷Աߡ
¹ԭҰк˲ˣ𨱧һСӵļ߽ղžǰ¹ԭҰȥü
ΪھԽԽʢѾ׷ڲȷԼܿסϵ£𨲻ϴ¹䡣
ΪոԼڷû˿ţġ
ùļǵȻҪը׻ġ
ŹǺܶӣʵͦµģеĲϴã͵ĵˣȼ嶹Ҫһ㣬Ƥ࣬źóԡ
ûʲôѶȣȼòˣˢõĽϣ֥лˣ̡
ܼ򵥵嶹ȴǳ㡣
дҵĳΣ˼Сڣ¹׶̲סˣ


105 
ͷæ, ¹ԭҰҲ֪¹ʲôʱġ
ÿλؼҵʱҪһԼˣ¹ԭҰڳҲӦһòųȥ
嶹õĵһ¹ԭҰͰĿ, С, ¹׽, 嶹һһ, ׼ԡ
嶹ȻҲǵˣҲһֱߵСԣӲҲܳڵ, ¹ԭҰأ꽴潴϶ɵġ
ıҲûǣǰոо, СҨӡ
øɾĿպһԸζ, Ȼ̫ˡ
嶹ˢҲˢ
˵, ¹ԭҰͻȻˡ
Ȼ˷, ȥͷ㿾, Ū嶹, Ȼٿ㼦ƤжĻӣɿ, Ū÷պȡ
оĲ
ձӾζˡ
¹ԭҰǵǰһƵиƼĳԷţ벻ˣȻ극֮ȥһˡ
ڻǸϽ
¹ԭҰʱǰͷСǣΧһȦǰǸӣһģ嶹Ŀ顣
һ壬Сȴ
Σ˼¹ףСڣһģĸûд

أ
ǸǰȰڵϣŬԴС¹ϰ
ղű嶹ζ㵽ܲ˵ģĸСѧ֮⣬ϰ
֮Բ˵㵽סΪһֱվš
Ȼûסѽ
ŵζϱģղ˵ʱΣգ¹ԭҰǾԲϽȥġ
ڵľ
Ҳһ㣬Ժ׵ؾͱ޶סˣȻһСƿ
Сһ֣һƿģҲȲġ
ƿװե֭úֽ
һǺѾӵе֭һڱӣŲܳԵ֪ߡ
ֻ̰ĵС¹϶ѡǸŲܳԵ֪߰
һأ
ܵиСĿѽ
죬֪ʲôʱְ纰˽ȥʱһӣǡ
Ǹ֪ߣ
һϰΧ֪ߡ
¹ԭҰ֮ǰͽ¹ף嶹Ҫһһ飬һһ飬ȻǲС¹ϵġ
ڴ³Ե嶹Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ѳ¹ף
Ѿ˰취취Ҫһ
裬ܰæסһϵ۾𣿡¹׶ԱһԼ֣Լ治סϵ۾
һ¾ˡ
ĻͲһˣֺܴҲ󣬰ְʱϣẰۣʹᡣ
費Կϵߣְһ
ټһС¹Ҳȫû⡣
裬϶ܹסϵ۾ģ
ЦŴӦ¹ףκ˼нСڣŰ𨶼ѽ
֪С¹/ÿÿοǾúúÿѽ
˵Сں¹һ𳤴󣬶¹׵Сİ𨣬Ӧп˲Ŷԡ
ǾþúÿŶ
¹ף԰ֵĵֿߵġ
¹ԭҰߣΪ¹ССУģ

ΪˣȰϵ۾ϣֻ¹׳ԵԼ嶹
Ƥýִ࣬һҧȥͷ˹̵Ķģ۶һ϶ʵ˺֭ܶζر㣡
Ϊ̫ˣ¹ǩŲͣشеǰСٻˡ
¹ڳ嶹ǸϿǩԼǿ
Ȼͱˡ
ݺݵһ£᲻ö£һССڵشһ߿嶹
ķ֮һƴ嶹ǿʮڡ
嶹ˣʣһЩȥллͺͽһǵζƷ˳ˣζƷְҲ˵ǡ
κ˼ǲԵġ
ǿ¹ǩһСлСҲںŴлԡ
˵ģлǵζƷܳԵĻС¹СڣӦòһֳ֮һɣ
¹׺ͽСڵĳԷ˺ģκ˼ҲһСˡ
еζŨңܶûܵģ˹̵嶹棬л嶹Ӵ˺óʱ䣬лͱԱߵ嶹ˡ
ֱȽϴ̼ζ˲٣һմ嶹ĽȻΣҲ嶹ζ
ɫĴҶ֣ûʲôرĸоΪҶ̫ˣǴа׵Ĳ֣Ͳһˡ
žͺзΪаʵĵģԴаײûȫ嶹죬滹Ǵġ
е࣬е
κ˼ͷһ֪лȻôóԣ
֪嶹ǽеһˣϳԷʱҪ嶹ĴлȫԵ
һֱϵ۾С¹ɶҲ֪ΪأԴҡҡȥ۾ֻ־ûŲ
żҳһе㲻ͷˣԶ棡
ҳһӣһ͵ˣ
ϷƢ֮ǰ¹ǳˣŲǰ֣΢Ӧһ£Ȼмӡ
һֳһ¹͡
ǣղŻĶأ
ôһ۾ûأ
ϲŵرۣؿ˼ҳĶأ
һ̯֣Ͼ˼ˣǡ
δε۾˽ŵӣҲ̫˰ɣ
ܲί
¹һܵܿˣצˣ¹ԭҰͰ֮ǰȫˣ޲ǰп嶹ιϡ
ֶеġ
¹׼ԭشתʧһѿӶ˵ϵǰ
ûˣӻأ
ҪȻӰɣȲ˵⵽ж𣬾˵һͷȥˡ
һְֻϵ¥ȥˡ
ƿ͹˰嶹ʲôģĶ
ϿҪˣ
嶹ҳҲˣӶ
ΪһֻԵС¹ϾҪͼҳս
̣Ҳˣ
ϣ¥µ¹ܽվڳſڣ¹ԭҰ˵ˡ
¹ԭҰģְ˵ʱСҪԶһ㡣
Ͽ˵ʱ¹ԭҰǺܵģŰܹϵģϳ֮󣬰Ͱչϵ鷳¶ȫȥˡ
԰ϵĸǺܺõġ
ᾭɴ¹ڰ¹ɢ
¹״򷢻ȥдҵ¹ԭҰȰѳĲպãȻһ·ȥ濴ϡ
ϻء
Ҳû뵽ϵô󣬶ӶùˣȻǲϳ԰ݵ̡
¹ԭҰϾ͸ҵ˿ɽһҧ¹ԭҰ·ק¹ԭҰȥ̡
ڵ̵ĹУϵؽſŰ𨡣
˵ʵϵĽ¹ԭҰܹϵǾڿЩʲô¹ԭҰǵϵǰ²⡣
ֻа¹ܹϵ˼
𨳬ϵģҲѹ
¹Ҳˡ
¹ԭҰ¹һѺ֣ȥ¥һӹ𨣬ðſ
嶹һ£մһζֻһ㣬һ¾û˵ġ
˵͵ĺӣǲĶģôһķûйϵġ
ȻԶǲԵġ
¹ԭҰķȻϺͺˡ
С¹ˣ¹Ҳˡ
ϣͱش¹¹ԭҰڰ¹صš
˵ʵ¹ԭҰûдǲ﷨
ϳ֮Ƕûйķ˰
ʳϵΪ˺ӣ̫ˣ
ϵʲôʱܱӤ¹ԭҰһҧס˴¹Ĵǡ
һ˲䣬͸˵һ
ڰ˵Ӧÿ˰ɣһ㡭飬ʵҲǲġ


106 
ϷЩ, Ҫ˵
ڻǳ͵ʱ
Ǽĵ뿪ģǽϵӱָʾĵʱѾдҵ, һǱߵļ, ϾͰʰˡ
Ŷ, ˮǱϴɾ֣ŵ̺¹ԭҰõķ̧, ϡ
ÿ춼ǵһ򷹵ġ
ûõԼķ泬嶹۾ˣ
嶹ǸղųԹˣóԣ
׻Ҳǵ
Ľ, ûпǸоҲܺóԵӡ
ÿ˶ٵĲˣʵǶģӣ˼͸˵̣ܲܶһл
ղųԹ, лҲܺóԡ
̸ڳæ, ûĸСѧǰͷ˵ͦϡġ
ǰ˵ԴлԴ, ˼, ôͻȻҪˣ
̻û, Сѧ, Ҳ˵ԼҪԴл
̲ʶ֪ˣ϶˼ʹõģѧˣԴлѽ, ̸ÿ˶һЩ
ǹĻ滹һСĴлǶģùǳԡ
˼ɶ֪ʶؾ˵ѽѽ
Ǳ¹Ⱦܾˣܻģ֪ĴлζôֻзڲĴлζǺõġ
¹ԭҰǰһִĺɰڹͣȻѼһ֮ټһˮϸһˡ
֮ϴлΣζҲʡ
¹ϲѺɰдлһڷϣѺɰ飬ȻͷųԣζҲܲˡ
¹Ƕ˺Լķڳϳһ룬ʱѧ˹
¹ԭҰұСѧһ㶼ֻ磬ֻҪҹ޵ĳиŻҳϡ
ΪĹϵѧĳ͸һǸеѧ
ڲŸոտѧǸеУûзЩѧĶԼ·
ʯҶ󿴵ϵˣûн̵ݹĲ̣óķС
Ƿָģһ˸ոպá
ʯҶҪ˵㷬ѽҪ˵㽴Ľ
˵ģĽĲ࣬ΪʯҶҪ쵽棬ŸŪһĽ
Ȼ࣬оˣʯҶܺġ
˷УһʯҶͻѧУȥˡ
ҪΪĶԪְ죬ʯҶ϶С¹ңֱӳȳˣﻹԶܻѧУʳŶ
˵ǸԪְ죬һҪü٣ΪôһٷӾȻԸְ
ʯҶôıأ
ⶼѾʳãǹѾʳſڵˣʯҶѾ࣬Ҳˡ
ʯҶһקߣһԼķȥʳôһݷ
ΪʯҶػ·ϵǶʱ䣬ʳѾò͵ĸ߷ڣʱȥ򷹣ֱӾõˡ
ٴѧУʯҶӣͺڿҪܵķһ
ʯҶԽԽòˣ
ˣֻóзˡ
һ򿪸ӣǸ࣬㣡
Ͼˣԣ룬ѾˣǱʯҶʱסˡ
ҾǻǷһ±ȽϺáһ˳̫죬ȻһǷݳˡ
ҲеȻ˾һ鼦׻ͽִ
ƽĴ취ǣһ˼׻һ˽Ȼ˶ͬ
ǾãѼ׻ͽƽֿһһȽϹƽ
ȻʯҶȴãݷģóѾܺˣһ㲻Ϊɡ
˾ִ춼˽
ԱߵĸǺһ꣬˶ļ׻ͽԵýζǵˡ
Ϊпܱġ
ǸǶʯҶļ׻ͽһﾹȻһڳֲˣ
Ҳ̫ݳ˰ɣ
ȻʱֲһĲˣͬʱȴûκεìܸС
ζͦİģǸ׻ڷôʱ䣬Ȼô࣬һҧȥࡣ
Լ׻ĻɿڣΪǶǺͽһԵģȻͱ˽ζļ׻
˵ʵоԡ
ԽԽ㣬ԽԽԣһ飬֪ɲԣ
֪ܵΪ
ʯҶһٸ
ôԣ
У
˸ղΪһ鼦׻ͽֵ࣬ѧУʳõķ˵ʱ򣬾Ϳʼǫˡ
Ҫ𣿡
һʳģνҪĻ㡣
ҲǺҪɡ
«أҲǺϲɡ
ҲǺϲҪҪ
仰㣬ʵԱߵǶǶҲǺϲ«ǸĻԸ⡣
еĲȫֵˣʯҶſʼԡ
ȳһ嶹Ʒһ嶹ζȻٳһڷһ͸ʳĿίһԼζȥĲˡ
ʵôԭ͸ίǺˮΪһġ
Ϊ˲Ӱһڵζ
ʯҶζˡ
ζļ׻ִ࣬ɿڣŨŨĽ㣬һ·Ѽ׻󣬵С㣬ʯҶý䷹ֱӰѷԵþ⡣
Ҳ࣬ˣ˻ʣȻȥٳһˡ
ŲˣѵڶμӵķҲԹ⣬ʯҶ󲻵ò˵ѧУʳõ׷úܲģر㡣
ǱС¹Ҳ˶١
ʯҶѲ˳ˣصʣһڷ񿴵ûˣзԼвзеġ
õʯҶǹİ
ȻͿʯҶҨһڷ֮ǰװ嶹Ǹ˹
Ѿ˰ûжˡ
ΪʲôʯҶҪ跹
ȵȣ
һ֣֪ʯҶڰʲôˣ
ڰ嶹ʣµ֥֭ʹл
ȻʯҶҨһСţ׷ɫһ㾧͹⣬֥ʹлȵص׺ϡ
ˣ
ȻʯҶһ£׽£ѱĹȥһ;ͽˡ
ʯҶһ£ģʯҶŵǸţ嶹ʼͳԵˡ
ҲڵһηʱԵˡ
ֻʣѧУʳòˡ
ϲģʣµĸͲš
ڣͺܺڡ
Ҫٸһᣡ
һҪ嶹
ΪС࣬ٷɶȣ½һٷֵ㡣
ֻܼįسķС㣬׻
ɶ񣬼׻ôúóԣ
ʯҶҪѼ׻СģΪС¹Сٺͱٵ¹׽СڣѾ¹ķС㡣
Ƥǡ
˵ģƤȻǵĿڸУ¹ԭҰҲȫû뵽ġ
һ߳Ƥǣ¹ԭҰһ˼ԭʲô
Ϊҵ֪꣬ʶѾʦûѧרҵһϵûУҲǲ֪еԭģ
ΪƤ̫鷳ûбҪһǮһʡʱʡʲôʱԾʲôʱԣͷƤǵĲ߻
¹ԭҰһֹƤϽˣһ֣Ͷõʳˡ
Ҳû˷ѡ
һѧ֮󣬺һʰʣµĶţھֻмˡ
СڻڣΪ˵£¹ڹ˾ᣬǼӰ࣬ԽСʱ
¹ԭҰͳƤó⣬Ѹղųõļͳ
ʲôأ
ţ⣡
֥ʿ
Ҷ
ôģźе˰
߲㣿
кͽ빽ɣ˾塣
Ϊָо¹ԭҰصһǩѼƤ⼦ȫ֥ʿҪҶţһ֮ٴǩϡ
¹ԭҰƵѧĳԷ
ķ
¹ԭҰʱ׷ӶƤˡ
ûжƤҲѾ֧ˣΪ˼ƬƤ¹ԭҰһ˳УʮӣŶƤ
׼Կʼˣ


107 
Ƥˮ̹֮Ŵǩϵ, ģʱ࿴ŻǺܺãûϵ, ̿˿, ͻúÿֺóԵģ
Ȼ, ҪǺó, ֵʲô, еĻãûеĻҲν
µĿ, Ƥһ·죬ʱƣƤ֬, Ҳ˽Ƶɫ, Ӻǲˣʱ¹ԭҰˢһ㽴֭, Ƥɫһ¾ͱˡ
ʱ, ¹ԭҰͦ, һĿƤ, Ϊԡ
⴮ƤܳûС
¹׺ͽСһߣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ¹ԭҰһڼƤڣҧȥʱ, ǶƤҧ
ִ
¹ԭҰ׽Ķ治ϴǸ
ƤǺִģˢϽ֭֮ͿԳˣΪʱݣ֭ûӰ쵽Ƥִࡣ
̵Ľִ֭Ŀڸ, ¹ԭҰ̲סһ÷ơ
˵ģƤ˵ĸоǺһ֣ʵҲкܶ֬ȫȫȥ˼ƤУǳ㡣
Űְֳһڣȥҧڶڣ¹еȲˣְֺѾˣְ֣ܳ𣿡
Сڸѧ࣬˾ˣʲôʱʼԣ
Գˡ¹ԭҰ˵꣬ͰÿһƤǼĵ翾кŵĵ翾̡
Ϊʱ򣬼ֻ¹ԭҰС¹ˡ
кŵĿ̣ǿԹ嵽һģǸʱ¹ԭҰ룬ôĿ̣˳ܹ˰ɡ
ʵ֤ȷʵǹġ
һģСͲ̫ˡ
򵥵һ仰ǳԵٶȸϲϿٶȡ
¹ԭҰղֻùˮĵһƤһӲͱҸˣڶҪϿ˰
㿾ƤոճԹôóԵĶһôܹ
Ӻţ֥ʿҲֻɲУСҪ֤ʳ⣬߲Ҳһ㡣
¹ԭҰĶϵʳҲˣһˮζ
˵ģҪ¹ԭҰҲǶģھСҪˡ
ĳϿ¹ԭҰھӣɲʲô¡
ϾµСӻܿſй˾ǲˣҲֻſˮĬĬ͡
ѿõĿ棬СԼã¹ԭҰԼһӣԡ
Ӻеԣ˼֮⣬¹ԭҰûӵۣǼһЩζõĺں֮ĵζϡ
ԿõļӣȻͿƤʹõͬһֽ֭ǳζȴкܴĲͬ
óԵġ
ӣ¹ԭҰͻȻ׷ˡ
Ȼ¹ԭҰ֮ǰϳԵģ׼˺ö⣬ʱͲһԼȳ׷ˡ
ʣ׷Ͱûгʣģ¹ԭҰó΢¯涣ӣͿſˡ
Ƥʺֱӳԣʺ׷¹ԭҰһƬˣһ׷׷мһſӡ
һżܴĽ̫֭
¹ԭҰÿӴżӣˢӣڽ֭պһ£ͿĨ׷ϣȻŰѼӷ׷м䣬һ˰
͵
Ȼڴֱ
ļ˰̫óˣ
Ķûȥ¹ԭҰϵĹֿʼˣһһģһ˰˰
һ˰Ͱµýʵʵģ𨶼˵ˡ
¹ԭҰһĶȥˣܿճˣʰ𨣬ôζǲǺܺóԣ
˵˻ֻһĴָ
¹ԭҰһһ㶼ǫ飬֪ˣĶܲó
ֻпƤͼӣ㲻¹ԭҰ̰ļһְעתƵţ֥ʿˡ
֮ǰ¹ԭҰܲһ¹׺ͽСڵ
ְָιһڼӲ˰¹ҲҪǴ׷ֻаְǰУ¹ҪĻֻʰְַ
ְְְ֣ܸܲһ㷹ҲҪ˳ԣ
СԱһ¶ڴ񣬡˾ҲҪ
Сһɳ˲ţ
¹ƽʱķûдǽСڣС¹ĸĴ£Ҳ˰뷹
ھ뷹Ҳһ࣬Сʱɡ
ô෹ȫġ
ǻԷ
¹ԭҰǳԻˣһھܾǵҪ󣬲ҿǣǻԷϳô෹ҪԷĻǾͳԲˣ˵ӻҪը
Ǿһ㶼𣿡
¹ԭҰôһ˵СС鿴žеˣһ¹׵ĸƨ棬͵¹׷ȻԼҲ˵ġ
¹˭
¹ԭҰɲϵСѡ
¹ԭҰĻûäĿغʹ˳ǸһԼĶӵ
ְְ˵Ӧʵ
ҲԼ˰ô죿
Ҳţн빽Ƥˡ
¹ҲǺ̰ĵһСѡ
ΪԼ̰һ취˰ҪԵģԣͳһڳζͿˡ
ְҰһСһĿ𣿡
û¹ԭҰ˵¹׾ԼСһҺСڷ֣ǳһھˡ
С¹ô˵оҲеѽ
Ǿ͸ǽͷһᵽ¹Ǳȥˡ
ȻǶôʾˣ¹ԭҰȻܾŲ¹װء
Լܸɵ鲻ҪҴ˰æ
¹ԭҰÿӼһڷ¹׵ݹ棬Ȼ󻹸תͷ¹ԭҰ׷ݸˡ
ǲһ¹ԭҰҲ̫˰ɡ
ֱУ¹ԭҰҪΪԼһ£¹׳ԣΪԱˣ𨣬Ǻ¹ԭҰһûԵġ
¹ԭҰոնʱ򣬾Ѿ˰һݡ
ͦϲԼ˰ģճһ¹ԭҰģְһ¹ԭҰһسԼӣ͸Ҳһţ֥ʿ
˵ģţ֥ʿǾ޵ˡ
Ϊյİ֥ʿûһҧȥţ⣬֥ʿյؿڸؽһ֥ʿţдյˬ
оһͺˣȫҪĶζ
ȻǴУ¹ԭҰʵҲԴеģҲص׼˴УǿǵձǱߵĿ񶼻мһοУԲġ
Ϊ֪֮òóԣ᲻ף¹ԭҰ
ֻһ
ĲǴа׵Ĳ֣˺һ㣬ȻгɶΣǩ
֮ǰ¹ԭҰѾ˲׵׼һԼܽܿеĻͰС¹߰ԡ
߲ˣʲô߲ˣܶȶá
¹ԭҰĿǰΪֹûзԵĶ
һȣԳƴӲʳ¹ԭҰֱ̫ˣ
һοУ¹ԭҰСҧһڣһҧȥڸкȫһ
ô˵ء
ûеζڸǺģһ¹ԭҰȻо
ͦóԵġ
ϿԽܣϻеܲˣûйϵ¹׽ˡ
Ȼͦϲġ
˶ϲ¹ԭҰȻø
ΪƫģֻС¹ϳ̫෹ˣܶԡ
˵ôƽӣ¹ԭҰԼģ
Ȼ֪ȻҪΪʲôǰС¹С˵
ٳһ㣿
ʵ¹ԭҰҲûԤϵֻڿϵļƤͻȻ뵽ƤԿԵģֻпƤĻое̫µˣжļ⣬¹ԭҰ˳˼ӣȻ׷ţ⡣
һһݱڵӡ
⻹ͦġ
ⳬģẠ̊́ݶ̵˵ָо⻹ҪȳԲźóԣŴŴĿڸУͿ˽֭ҪһȻκ
ζʳȴԳʳĸо
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ӵʳζȴʳѾԱ˵¹׺ͽСĺܲѺá


108 
һҲԲȥ, ¹׺ͽСھֻһ߸ɵۡ
ûϵǳԲµĶ¹ԭҰͰǳԵġ
¹׺ͽСͣսʱ, ¹ԭҰͰſʼԼʵ, ˾Ȼһӵ߲˺ȫˡ
һ㶼ûʣ
¹׺ͽСǽһĽ
СڶʼԺٳһ뷹Ŀˡ
¹ԭҰ˸, ̱λ, ȥʰ, ˾죬¹ԭҰһʱ, ھȻѾˡ
¹Ȼû°ࡣ
ûΪڼӰ࣬¹ַʲôˣ
ѵҪСʱ
¹ԭҰڿҪҪ¹绰һʱ, ¹, ϵıܲõӡ
˶͸¶һɱ
¹¹ԭҰǡ
ʲôˣ¹ԭҰʡ
°֮, , ŶӿôʱĻ, ûй, ¹Ѿܱˣ鷳¡
ûʲôСڻؼҡ¹̫ϲͱ˵ˮ¹ԭҰҲһġ
οǽܵǱŪ顣
ȻҪҽˡ
ʵ, Ҫ¹񿪻ʱ˵𣬿ʱֻǹػǿĻҪ
¹Ҳôģֳֳȫ쵼Ļ, ¹һܺõϳʲôġ
մֻյ˽΢Ϣ
ʼеòѯʵһ̬棬˼ǽֶӽҲСѧһ꼶Ȼͽīһ࣬ӼȻһѧУĻǴ飬һѧһѧһԷʲôġ
¹ô
ʱ¹ڿᰡֻˣûҲ֪Ҳ֪¹Ĭ˻ʲôԹԵַһ󴮹
˼ýֶӸŽīһ¹ԭҰԷ
¹û͵¹ǴӦˣȻԼԼ˵ˡ
¹°֮ſЩ֮Ҳظһ˵԰æֶܽӵ¹ԭҰǱȥԷһԷûʲôģһѧһѧƾͲˡ
Ϊ¹ǼҺͽǼҲһ
¹ҲģȻѽ˵ӸˣӦ뵽ģһѧһѧʲôľΪ˺һԷ̵棡
صһԷ
¹ԭҰҳԷǿ϶ҪԻʳģǲܵģͬͬĸ׽㶼˻ʳأ
Ȼ¹ԭҰҲʾգ¹ĸãͽĸҲСڸǺ¹һųģһСܳԶ٣
ĳԺܶ࣬¹ԭҰҲСڰ׳ԡ
˰
¹ԭҰԸգ¹ִҪɾֵҲҪˡ
͹ͣ⣬¹ԭҰҪ뽪СڳԷĻԺ¹׿СʱϽСһˡ
ʵ¹ô˵¹ԭҰҲôɵġ
¹ίرһ¹ԭҰǱߵշѱȽϹʵڰʾҪʳѡ
û뵽žȻһҶݣ̸Ǯ˸飿
׵ŵ˼֮¹һûʹȥֱӻһ̸Ǯ
Ϊһ׽㣬С¹ԭҰǱ߳ԷʳˣοһģûѪԵϵأ
¹ǿˣ֮ǰʵѾ㣬ҪȻαؿ
¡һ㣿
ѽֶӵĻʳѸˣ
ǲģ
¹Ҳûͽų˭˭ԸžͽԸ
ϼӰ࣬ҪŵԺܻˣ¹ýīȥ˯ԼһڿŽ
վ¥¾ѾԼҵĵƹˣ֪¹ڵǽһůİ
ԼŽ¹һı¹ƿˡ
أ¹΢ţ¼˳ڽǰҿ˵ȻҸ취
¼˵С£ţϸ㶨ûн
ϹӰ࣬ᱳʹӶģûеʾ
¹񱻽ֵģˣһЦˣУҪܸ㶨ĻҾ͸ҹȥȻɱ
пϣ
°ʹ˸绰
Ǹ裬ǸܵܽԽġ
ֵһһԽǽԽ
Ȼֶӵ飬ȻҪܵ
ͽԽһ绰͸¹ʾѾˣ
ýֶȥ¹ԭҰҳԷ飬˭ĲҪҪǽŲôȥǱ߳Էˡ
ȵīڶʱ򣬷ֱƽʱӡ
ϵǸ¹ŵˡ
ƽʱ˯Ҫ˯ǰºĽīʲôû˵Լɴϣ˺þãҲ֪ʲôʱ˯ŵġ

һڣСѾӦСѧѧʱʦǶ֪ҪȥԱߵľ˾˼ңҲǣְ͹ȥˡ
֮⣬˺öѡ
ͽСڲ࣬ĪҲ𽥵ϰڵĸҪѧϰѧϰУϤ˰ͬѧ֡
ʹ㿪ʼĽСڲһĪ༶мʶ˵ġ
ĪǰͬͬѧǰϵֻһǣµѧУϵú
ͣõķʽǳȺӡ
Ī¿һȥԷ𣿡ĪȥԷģһ
ȻڸΪû͸ǮԼȥͷųԡ
Ϲ˵С߳󣬸ʲôóԵ֪
ǸûãͰͬѧȥǹ԰Ǳ߳ҹȥˡ
ĪѾС¹ұˣôܻӦ
һߺԾⱻ紵ߣһ߻شˣСѧԱߵһСǮÿȥǱ߳ԡ
С
СѧСô֪
Լһٵıһ
պҲҪȥСѧһԷҲ˳·Ȼһȥɡ
Ȼͱڼ˳վС¹ſڵ档
İѧˣһ¾ͿˣҲ֪ôãС¹û˵Ҫôѽ
̾ʱȹ۲һ£µĻ͵һʱǸϳȥ
Īʱͺ˵õľֻ˳·أ
ô˳·С¹أ
غЦ¡
ʵɣʼ̫طȻ֪С
һʱ͸˹뿴һ۾ߵģĪʱƮζƻһ飬ôȥˡ
ȥˣϾͳе̫˰
ͺƤĪԱߡ
Ҳ磬Էûô࣬ҪȻǻûа취һ
Ǿ͸ˡ
ôΧſĪԲ·ˣֻܿڸˣ˵ǲȥԷ𣿵ȻҪأ
ǺǺǣġһ˵ţĪķ棬Եʲô
ط˿ȱ
ʮСϺ
ʣһĻƹϣҪҲ̫˰ɣ
ղžǱζСϺζģ
һڰ
ַŲ̫ؿһݷˣݺģվԼС飬߰ɣٲȥԷĻȻҪûʱˡ
Ҷ֪
ǵȻķط˿ȱʮСϺ
ⲻϻ
ļˣ
һһùȥǰѲСǺĪ̾һˡ
ҪǲĻͳһСϺ֮߰ɡ
ˣ仰һQλãһڴ಻˼
ԱߵСǣҲͬСС
ֲ˵Ⱥأ
Īĵ˵һᵱġ
û֣ܲµСϺζ϶СϺָǵĻĪԼֻܹһ
ôһͺòᰡ
ҪεĻĪԼĺпܻڣ
ûк֮ǰ
ҪԵĿԣ


109 
Сǻʲô
ȻĪ֮ǰ϶ְ
ÿһСϺ, һµһڣСϺϵ֭治ǿ, ζ
же㲻㣡
СϺ
СϺû갡
ֵ, ոպŵζ, еİ
ĪƳһۣ߶߶ʲôꣿ˵һСϺ£
һ˵ҾͰ, ǲܷµ, һҲܳԵ¡
ȻСϺһ㶼ζҲܺ, СϺǾ, Ϻⶼһ˿ζ
Ϻq, ڸζϳ, ΨһȱǿôֻСϺ, ôôһأ
С鱾ͷģһŤͷ, ѾܻϺͷϺͷĽṹܹɳ֭, СϺϺѾ, ϲͷеź
ֻܼįҧСϺĴǯ, Ե⡣
ǯӵȻ, Ҳܽʵ
Ĳ, ûϺͷСϺͷ, ѾϺͷµС飬¼Ϻͷ
֭ҧϺǯ
һܳԵĲλŹ
ȻԼ, ԵζʮСϺǼįѩ
óԵСϺΪʲôֻһ
СѾƮ̣
ʲôһ绪ï꣬һʮ̫¶

СϺ
һͰСϺȻʣ࣬Ҳ㹻һأ
Ī״ͷˣﲻģֻӴѧѧ
Ī˲һڣô֪ô
ǵȻ֮ǰʱ򣬾Ѿ˳˽Щ£
գû취ֻܺСʧ뿪С¹СȻԭƻȥ֮ǰ˵õǼ档
Ϊ˺óԵʮСϺɣ֮ԼʳҪ
Ȼûǰóˣζֵֹġ
ӦǴɣôţûг档
ʮĸڷʱڣһ棬⼸˭ûг꣬Ҷʣˡ
ûԱǿ϶ģôһ㣬ƳŲ޽
ʱѧȥԵ㶫ɡ
ûԤϵȻûгŵ޵ ¿Σ
ǵڶ εʱ͸оθе֣һֱ๾ţϴãζһŻĸо
ΪǴһͺˣû뵽ⷴӦûƽϢȥԽԽҡ
 Ͽûӣˡ
һʳɢϢζ
ҲܰдҵôһȻ˸һˡ
ǰɣǾȻˣ
ȻζţӻܶģǾ˵λãŲζҲġ
ϸһµˣϸһȥԷС
϶ǳԻ˰
ʦѰ༶ʣµѧ˸ڰʦԼȥҽԺĽǳԻ˶ӡ
ʦͺϹļҳϳʲô
СϺ档
һ𣬼ҳʶؾ;ÿ϶СϺĹ
Сȴòǡ
ĪһҲСϺĪʲô鶼ûУֻˣǵʱСϺʱûԳСϺʲô⣬ǳʱǶζе֡
ôһ棬Ҷûгꡣ
Կ϶ԭ
֪ԭҲû׷ȻԻ˶ӣǵҽԺҽҩֻʮǮ
ҩ֮СѾúܶ࣬ûˡ
׷ҺʱҲ㡣
Ǿûȥ׷ֻǽԼĺӣԺȥǼҵˡ
ȻЩҳû׷Ǽ꣬Ϊⲻãº͵ˡ
·ϵʱ䣬ҽԺʱ䣬 βͽˣǻѧУպø˷ѧ
ʰһ¶Ǿͻȥˡ
鿴ûʲôӰ죬ȴǵļҳĿ͵˻ɡ
ڱˣ˵һ¡
ҪǸ߿ʱ򱻿ˣ
ǲǴ°
ĸĸϾڷۣ赣ĵ˵ҪȻǻǸͷɣ
Ȼ鷳˺ܶ࣬Լķ˰ȫ
Ҳô鷳ˣֻС¼ôҿ͵꣬ܲܶûİɡ˲
ҾͺܵİҪȻüȥʮ·ڱǼ㵱ĵ԰ɣȻ˵㣬Ǽҵ꿪ô꣬ȽϷġ ˵
ְûгԣǾͬˡ
˵ļҳҲǲȡ˲Ĵʩ
ʲôᣬͱ£ȥĪ²أȻҰҪһҵԷȥԵǼңʲôţ
С¹ҡĪ
ԣС¹ңڻʮСϺ
飬ô붼νĪҪһ㣬С¹ҵܻӭģǿѧʱĻ;ǲеġ
Թ˵ôɨ˵Ļô
ԡ
һʲôСϺ𣿡
ĪĬˣԴԵСϺ֮С¹ҳʲôʲô
ԼĪѾˡ
رȥĪװʲôҲûпʲôҲû
û˴Ǽһܿͻᰲġ
˵ʵʮСϺĪҲһֱ
ָǼ֮ĪԼֻԵһֻоʮСϺ跹
ΪʧȥЩĪرźټһֱԱǿСϺļ䡣
ĪԼҲ̲סʼ룬СʲôʱٴһʮСϺأ
ʵСϺҲܽܣģԡ
ֻҪһСϺͺˡ
һΣĪԲٷָˣ
ҪԼһ˳һݣ
ⳡСϺС¹ԭҰ֪飬֪ˣҲȫϵġ
ʳĺþôţ
ĪǳԵʮСϺʱ¹ԭҰԼҲڳСϺ
ʻСϺг֮ڰ¹죬óġ
СϺȻóԣ̫鷳ˣ
ôһ裬¹ԭҰ̻а󣬻˺óʱŴģ
֮ҪգСϺʳرĵζϣζϷŵԽԽóԡ
ôʱ䣬¹ԭҰԼԾ̫˷˰ɣ
ǣʮСϺ֮⣬ʵģģΪģû
ôСԷѧԻԭҵˣ
Ǿ˵СϺζôͱʮģ
ԭ¹СϺԼˣ
ֻǳʮҲ̫˰ɣ
¹ԭҰšҪСϺɣѧܽζģ¹ԭҰڰСÿղ˵ʱ򣬹Щˡ
Լϲ
ֿζСϺζġ
ֻһֵĲ𣬵ζкܴġ
֮⣬л顣
Щ˿ܻȽ¹ԭҰ
Ҳ֪ڲںɡ
ʱںʱֲںͿôˡ
Ӧǲںġ
СϺơƲǾ䣬¹ԭҰȥ̵걨˼ơƻȱ֮ͻȻֺʲôԵġ

ôһֱںȾƣ
вУٺˣ
ơƼȻѾˣǾ͡
԰ɣơճ㣬ζ޵ģ
СϺԼʰɣ
ñˮֱӳݿǺܺõĹ
¹׺ͽСֱӰԼĲ̶˵¹ԭҰԱߣһԷ
ҲҪˡ
Ҫܺúȵʰ裡
ģģʺͰζ˹ֱ֭ӰʳԵںڵİҧԸԵҲ档
Сڳϲġ
극֮ؼңҪԼĲһߡ
Żؼ֮ȵģ
׵͵ˣ
Сһ飬Сʹһԭ衣
ǸŮ¹һ㷴֮ĶûС
´λҡ


110 
ǸȫΨһصе, ԿصĴ¡
򵥵ҲԵľǣǸиĵƤȫǼˣԭǺֵǮ, ط۵ͲĵƤ, һ·, ѾϲȦ
ǱзӵͶҪЦˡ
ǱҲкܶİ߶󲿷Ҫ򷿽ͶʵģЩ¥, ԭǲֵʲôǮһ¥, ʹӰڷҡһ䣬̡
ûǳⶼܹΪͥһ롣
֮, еⷿ, һЩѧѧУס, ˸ĸ, ѧУⷿ
¹ԭҰڼﶼԸо仯
Ͼҵ, ǵ֮ѧƽضΡ
Сѧѧ, ټǸУС¹ҪԸĻ, ڼҸСѧС
Ǽҵⶰ, ѧձҵʱļ۸, ֪˶ٰ
¹ԭҰԼ͵͵һ, Ȼͷ, ѧҵ֮, ΪµⶰӣȻΪеڶһͶˣ
ǸȻǰ𨿩
ҪûаĻ, ¹ԭҰ϶ڵָļҹ˾棬¹һŲ
ռ˴󲿷ֵʱ䣬һ°ֻڼϢ
˵ˣ¹ԭҰŽʵȤûС
¹ԭҰ˵һӳΪһҲ˵
ɿɰС¹ϣǿľͲˡ
һ뵽µĿԣ¹ԭҰ;Ⱳ˵ģǺͰ˰ɡ
ˣ
ϣóԵĽһ°𨻹Լɣ
¹ԭҰǵϴκһձֳȻܴ࣬㣬÷ɲڵձ
ճ¯ʱǻóԵġ
¹ԭҰڸûҵձģǣȥҡ
ҵˣеԶ̳ߣΪһձȥ̳ǱߣоеȻҪ
¹ԭҰ˵ձʮǮһȻһݲ͵İװһǮȻͷѣǮ
¹ԭҰձʮ˿ǮͷģձװʮһǮ¹ԭҰǵ˼ҵĵǿ̳ͷģ۸϶ҪҲġ
Ⲣ¹ԭҰõ֮󣬾ѽ
ձóǺóԣΪ¯ѾʮӣձȻе£ܹûиճ¯ձôóԣҲûôĴˡ
¹ԭҰøˡ
ҪȻɴԼڼɡ
ԼĻһ㣬Ըˬ
÷ɲձĲϼ򵥣Ҳѣ¹ԭҰϸ֮󣬾Լڼ渴һ
ȻûձͰ¹ԭҰõǿ䡣
ЧǲģΪ¹ԭҰñȽϺõĹϵձ׵رߦΪձܱԿ䲻ҪܾãʮӾˡ
ΪСձ¹ԭҰûʱֻڼ÷ɲձֵͦġ
¹ԭҰû࣬ҪǼҵĿ䣬һֻ¹ԭҰһ֮󣬾͵ʱˡ
Ըʱ䣬Ҳճ÷ɲձȳôԣ
Ҳˣ¹ԭҰͰѱˣһһ
ûձװձֽӣǾֱþˡ
õձ̵ģ¹ԭҰӲһͽñȻӲҲ̰
󲻵ò˵ȥÿӡ
һ˫ӵǸԱĸоһӾͱˡ
¹ԭҰģ˳ԱȻֻԼһ̣˿ӡ
ɽ񣬲ʲôҲܹ鹦ɾ̿ٴͨˣΪʲôҲ£
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ҪٲԣձҪˣ¹ԭҰôõĸճ¯ձأ
ÿӼſһڣձıԵеûô࣬ΪˮֲĹϵеɣҲֻǱԵֶѡ
¹ԭҰһҧģɲֻǱ߱߰
˱֮߱⣬ʣĵطǴġ
ȫ÷ɲ˵ζżܹҧһ͵ģнֺĵط÷ɲ˲ֿζ¹ԭҰֻܹ˷⣬÷ɲˣ֣÷ɲˣⲻֻʣ·һѡ
ȻʲôͲóԵӣ÷ɲձķȫȫļӷ
ҪûзĻ÷ɲձҲǺóԵģֻ˷֮÷ɲձǺóԵĶηˣ
ձ¹ԭҰǼھܳˡ
Ͳ¹ԭҰ̺岻ӣһֱ񣬸ò˰ɣ
͵ˣǴ°
¹ԭҰ̣ǲҪҪϢһ£ҪȻҽһļ٣ȥϢ
Ȼٲ̣ڹ˵̵Ҫ
̴¹ԭҰЦһ£û£ûʲôϣҵдְһֱڸдҵе㳳û˯öѣȻ°ȥ˯һˡ
죬˼е֢ҵϵִϵգϵյϣſʼʡ
˼ְ־ڸȻɹر˼䷿Ӷõŭ
ô˵¹ԭҰҲû˵ʲôȻ̻ȥݾˡ
ѧôЩʱ䣬˼ǵҵҲʼˣ˼ûб࣬ڼԼдҵ
ÿҵ˼̸ؼ֮ǰ¹ԭҰҵĳ棬¹һдҵ
̻ȥˣ˼ҵûдĻͻҵؼд
ģϵġ
ϻѧ֮С¹һдҵΪСһдҵһ¹ףڣȻд
ʲôĿֱԱʾˡ
дҵ֮Լ໥֮һԣʲôĵطһ˭Ĳȷ𰸡
һģ˼ǵҵҲܿڳԷ֮ǰд꣬˵ȷҲԽԽߣ¹ԭҰҲʼҪ͵ˡ
Ϊ¹׵ֵҵȫԵģ¹ԭҰûд𰸣㻹͵һ£ҵѧҵ
ЩҵҪԼдһ顣
¹ԭҰ̫ǵԼСѧʱĿγѶˣʱɵʦ˵ʲôʦʲôѧˣ˭ʲôγѶȰ
ϡǵã꼶ûôѵİɡ
Сѧ֪ʶôѣҲѲȥģ¹ԭҰһ鵹Ǽ򵥣ʱ򿴴طСˡ
ԱһλȷĴڣ¹ԭҰСҲ׸Ļ
ᣬԱߵȷĴ𰸡
ǰ𨣬¹ס
Ϊ˼򵥣ע׼У¹һѧҵȷʱ¹ԭҰߣ
¹ԭҰΪССѧҵټעУԡ
ʧȥְֵϡ
ҵ¹׻ȫԣҪȻ
¹ԭҰǲҵ˰ɣ
¹ԭҰź¹飬
¹һ;ܾˣУ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ¹ױȽϲҵȫԵĸо
һ꼶ҵȫ棬ҵȫȫԵģ꼶ҵҲ
һдĿȻԼ鲻ʱʦĳˡ
Ͳȫˣ
¹ԭҰȻԶԣ
Ϊһ꼶Сѧ¹Сʤǲе̫ǿˣ
ְҺ񶼲İ
Ϊ¹ײ֪ʤ¹ԭҰ
ֻܼ¹׵ҵ
Ͱ𨻻һ¹У
С¹
Ȼΰְһ㣬ְֺοܲܶһΣ
ҵҲܺõģ
¹׼ϣȻҲҵⷽ棬ǰְָһ㣬¹׻ǵһ꼶տʼдĵʱΪдģ
ǰְֽ顣
ҵְּ飡
¹ԭҰ˵Լ֮¹תȥͰôôգױġ
°ģΪԼ˵ְּҵ¹Ҫȥο衣
С¹Ӵ
¹ԭҰڸҪο
ҵʲôģĺ۰
Ƴһģ͵͵С¹ҵʱ¹ԭҰ͸ˡ
ԺҪһݼҵ


111 
¹׷ѧʱ, ԼԱߵĵϣȻȥ˷ȥϴֵʱ, ¹ԭҰͰ, ϳͳȥѧʱûпġ
ʱ֡
Ħ˹¹ϾƲ࣡
ְֿ϶ȥѧʱ, ڼ˺óԵģ
ʲôأ
¹ԭҰû˼Էˣܵǰ򷹵Ǳߣ¹ԭҰְ, ʲôóԵ𣿡
һ, 򷹵Ķ̣¹ԭҰǱߴ, ̽е㲻̫, ¹ԭҰ͹ˡ
¹ԭҰݷݸ, Żش¹׵, ˰
ûд㱳¹͵, ¹ԭҰֱ˵ˡ
¹һͼˣʣְ֣ʲôʲôС¹Գ𣿡Ҳ̫Ҹ˰ɣ
, ҲǷż٣ְСʳˣ
ʲôأ
ɣʲô
¹ԭҰ¹̫ʳ, ôʳ, ¹׸²ְʲô
¹׾, Ȼ뷹ˣ
Ȼְ֪ʲôʳ, ǳ̫Ļ, ʳɾͳԲȥˡ
¹׶¹ԭҰر, ʹûпǹ¹ԭҰڰĿԣѾǰԤ¹ԭҰʳ
һСϲð, СϲǴϲ¹׿ʼ¹ԭҰûµ˼ϾͽҿĴ𰸡
ӦòʳķΧڣĳ̶ֳϣܹʳԣʳĻ
¹ԭҰҲֹ
ձֱӰѴ˵ˡ
Ȼְִ˲Ȥ¹ȫ⣬ĵģȻԳձ
¹׶ûԹ¹ԭҰձǾȻͳһ롣
¹ԭҰվ¹׵ڶιʱûʣһˣ¹ԭҰ֪ˣ¹ǲӷ
Ҳûֹձء
ձӷ¹׳Եˡ
֪Īͬ¹ԭҰµ¹׳˷ͰѲ̷ŵ˻յĵطҲûҪߣվ¹ԭҰԱְ֣ڿԳձ𣿡
ûãձԣ
¹׳Ǹ߷ڣиеѧ㵽߷ڹ֮һҲֻСèֻˡ
ȥдҵְȥ¹ԭҰʣµô˽̣ȻԼ˳ʼС¹ձ
¹׳ֵڵдҵֱߵĽС˵ְҪձˡ
ѽСں˼øˡ
¹ԭҰе裬һ棬һ÷ɲڣѹߦȻˢͣڿںãȻŽ䣬ʱ䡣
ձһ¹ԭҰϻմŷۣһѧѾˣϵĲ̶Ѿˣ¹ԭҰȻȥϢ
ʣµĲӵӻϵأԼһҲԡ
û¹ԭҰĺ⣬ЩҪȥһ£ȻҪȥˣ˼ҲضҪȥ
˼̫ߣҵûд꣬ҸҪǣС¹ְձûкá
˼ΪԲС¹ְձʱ¹ԭҰӳ˸ӳݸ̣ҸսȥձȺģҲһ
˼Ͼ뿪ڴӦˡ
Ҫһǰ˼϶ôɡ
Էһѧڣ˼¹ףҲ¹״Žòˣ֪ʱҪ̽ˣܳԡ
˵ԣͲܳԡ
˼жôԣǵ
̵Ȼע⵽˼С飬ͽллС¹ְ֣ȴ˼ȥˡ
ȥ·ϣ˼ȲؾͰѴӴ򿪣ôĴָʳָŴӣһ̵̺ҧһڡ
ҧ̻ûгء
ϾͰձ̣Ҳҧһڡ
ǽһοôТ˳ûа˼˵֮ǰͳԹˣԼ԰ɡ
˼ŲţС¹ְģܹ˼ͽСڻ¹ףһһ
ΪҪȥС̫дҵԳ극ˣûгԵС¹ְձ
˼ÿϧ
ձ˳ˣʲôʱԵģ
˼̿϶ûԣ֮ƭˣѺóԵĶԣĻԣ˼֮ǰ￴
ĳˣǻûзѧʱҾͳԵˣִԲԣ
ô˵˼ˣָ˵سձصҺ˼Ϳʼдҵ
ȻеСӣǽĩҵƽʱҵر磬˼ǲϵġ
˼¶˾ģܾС̫
ʵҪϸĩ˵
С̫ʦҵ˵ȥС̫շỊ̇Ȼ¹ԭҰ߸ǮǱҲǸǮġ
ʦʵҲСѧ·ҲֻҪӾͿˡ
ڰС̫ĵطģΪûôĵطԿôĽҡ
ΪǱˣҹҲڸʵʦ⸽û˵Ƿǳ˽ġ
¹ԭҰ˽⡣
ҲʶҲ֪С¹С̣ʱˣÿ̶С¹С۾˶ܲµ
رŻݵԸȥС̫Ị̇ô̵˼һŻݵļ۸ȥС̫
С̫ζרҵģĩĵĸԼѧĸ
ȻڻǶ꼶ѧϰҪ硣
̲̫ģһĻѧĸеĶˡ
Ҫ֪˼ȻƽʱԺ¹һдҵԴ𰸣ĲֻǶԴ𰸾Ϳ˵ģʻкġ
Щɶûб׼Ĵ𰸡
˼ƫһġ
ȻҲܿʮʮͷģǺ¹Ǹһٱҳһٷڵġ
̾ͺ˼ܿһٷ֡
С̫ǸĸĶˡ
ĶĶҪҪȥǱշİأ
̲ȷһٶ˵ķˣС̫ʦȴû⡣
ʮ˵ķˣһٶ˵ķˣ
С̫ʦʵԼĿġ
¹ԭҰϸѧڳſʼСģ⸽˶֪¹ԭҰǰʵһ˴С˸顣
Ϊա
С̫ʦҲ˵¹ԭҰղҲţǲ鲻Ҳ¹ԭҰķ˵ôóԡ
Ҵ̫ˡ
ӦҲͨĺóԡ
ûûȥǰ¹ԭҰֻСС֣ȥԺ¹ԭҰ͸ҹӻ꣬ĿС
ʵ˵Ҫʦ¹ԭҰǶӣʲôãǿйģȥôȿӻСǿɣ
ʵʦ¹ԭҰķӣ¹ԭҰһйĵġ
Ϊĵλ̫̫̫Խˡ
СѧԱߣô棡
ѧУӺӵļҳһ̧ͷܿǵơ
ѧУһ꼶ѧԼҲֱ߹ʦרŹȥӡ
ʱʦҹ¹ԭҰģ̸ⷿ飬¹ԭҰܾˡ
ⷿҪסأôȥ
˵̵飬ʦԼһᶨΪС¹СܰôɹռֵĹͣҪ֡
˼̵
ϸѧڳֵǴ飬ʵС˺ͦģʱ˼ѧ˵ѧˡ
Ҫʦȥ˴ѧѧܲʮ˵
ʦʶ˻ʳѧҪԣѧ¶ĸһ»ʳ
ƻʳİ취ǣһóԵİ̻
Ҳ̡
ԥԸ̵Ĺʴ١
ŵΪ̿϶Ӧʱ򣬴绰ȥ̿ǺûУǺ˾͹ϰࡣ
ȴõܾ̾Ĵ𰸡
ʦ¿ɼˣΪȥʦ͵͵ͼҳ͸ڷˡ
˵ѧڣС̫Ļʳ϶õġ
ʶС¹Сշ̣ѧڻйġ
˵С¹Сͷرĺá
ЩҪߵļҳһС̫ĻʳˮƽܹС¹СĿˡ


112 
ʵҲĶ, 칤ʱһֱΪԭ
һ߾С¹СʵҲûôҪ, ûһ, һ棬־Լô뿪Ļ, е塣
ϾС¹ְָĴܺ, ÿɵĻҲأ˼Ҳ, ÿ׬ǮҲ
֮ǰһֱԥ, ΪС̫ĸĶ
˼ѧĶܿһٷ֡
ƽʱС¹ҵʱ, С¹дҵ, һд, ໥֮ҲԴ𰸣˼С¹һడ
Ҳͬһʦ
Ͽεҵÿҵ, ǲһ, ˼ǰĽȸһЩ, ¹ǿʼԤϰ¿εˣ˼ǾѾдһεҵ
¹ǿʼдһεҵʱ˼ǾͿʼԤϰһΡ
£˼ҵᣬ¹Ҳû̡
ѧʦͬһ
ǵѧҵһ, ˼, С¹Խ˼ѧԳɼǿԵġ
һٷ, ʮң۵֣˼ԼģҪǵλûдǿ
ᡣ
һʵͦԺġ
С¹˼ĺӰ죬ֻѧϰѣ˼ôòҲС¹ðǰ档
С¹Ҵ̵ģʵֻнǮѣкܶྫϵġ
̾ǿһ㣬ԲžܾС̫ʦ롣
ϾѧϰɼãԻǮȥйʦϰģҪͺѧһܵԵſԡ
һǮ򵽵ģһǮ򲻵ġ
ô붼Ǯ򲻵ĲǸֵǮİɣ
̾ᶨС̫ʦָ˸ҲûдӦ
Լ֪Լ£С̫ʦΪʲôȥС̫ģôҲܲµ
ǰô겻ңôƫƫǵС¹ְǱ֮ң
ǲ
Ҳ³ϣС̫ʦǷգ˼¹ϰģ
ߺ۵飬ֱȥ˼¹ϰ廹һ㡣
ʦеգǿڷ綼Ѿͼҳ͸¶ĻЩҳ϶ģ
ڲĻѵҪȥ˼¹ԭҰ
ȻûǱ߳ԹʦҲ֪¹ԭҰҵշж
ⶼϵС̫һѧڵȫзˣ
ҪҪˮ磬Ҫʦнˮô֧ҲŸô࣬ǼˣôǼۡ
¹ԭҰٷȻҲôǮ
Լģֲôʦһ̾ˣ֧ô١
ʦ붼̲סᡣ
һһ̲סҲ˵Ǿ仰¹ԭҰ顣
ϾС¹С飬ʦʦ߹ʦ飬˵ǼܹС¹̸ɺĻ
˵ҲܸС̫һԴҲ˵
ʦԽԽÿС
С¹СǸ߰շѱ׼
ʦÿ̸ϾС̫Ҳʳãʳ飬Ҳ֪ģù󲻴ɱ
ʦϹһ£ϹҲÿС
Ȼڰ칫ǵʦһ¡
ʦǵķӦȻǴӦ
ܳС¹ңôҲͷԺðɣ
ʦС̫ԷѵģܳԵѵķˣԼǮʦвӦģ
ʦôݺ̸
Ͼ˼ҾֻٷһѧҲศһѧڲǮˡ
ʦе֣ʦҲû˵ǿʦôŵӣӦÿԵİɡ
Ȼе㻳ɣһ뵽ѧǺƳС¹СʦǶеڴ
ĳǶϿ˼ҼȻãôϸű˵˼ҵһ۸
ѾеȲô죿
ʦ˳ȥС¹СڷȥģȥС¹С˵®ɽĿ
һüһԼСѧŮյĻҪã
һأɫζȫ
̿ʦеˣʱ˵ǻǸʦĽ飬ʵ治ǡ
û̸ܱС¹ְΪʲôʮ˵ԭˣ
ҪС¹ְԸĻһٸҲˣΪʲôΪ
ô
˼бԼҲû취
С¹ְֵԸ񣬾ʦǧļ۸̸С¹ְֶӦģοۣ
ʵ˵̾ʦ϶ᰴǧļ۸С¹̸ְ⡣
ϻ˵ëϡ
ʦҪǸҰǧѧıϣ̹ƣǼ۸ӦþûмҳԸ⸶ˡ
ϾطСһѧڣҲǧļ۸
вֵļҳٿйĵ׺ϲϸǵҵŲ㣬ǾǳиطǹǺӵҵȻ۸Żݾ͹ˡ
£ǾԲǮģ
̲µûд
¹ԭҰûдӦʦĺҪ
ʦ˲ðڵֻҪʮǮһݵķ˾Ϳˡ
ʦԼҲ֪ķˣɱҲʮǮˣʮǮ򵽣붼Ҫ롣
ҲıҪˣ͸¹ԭҰʮǮ¹ԭҰһݷ˾ˣ¹ԭҰʲôˡ
ҲʵԼҳǵĳŵȻ˲һҲС¹ҳƷ
¹ԭҰҪеѧʱɽǻļǮۿϾʹӦˡ
Ǯˣڴ͵㡣
һ˵ǣѾĽ׶Σ׷ʱˡ
ÿٷʮǮѧѧǰչģÿµĹղһһжʮһҲжʮʮġ
ܵƽÿǶʮ졣
һٷÿٷʮǮһҲİʮ
úͼҳ˵ǮѾǿѧʱıʦͼҳ˵һ͵Ļʳѣ١
С¹̸ɺĻʦʲôòģҲһȥˣܴ׬ʮǮĲۡ
ôһ룬ʦˣеСġ
Ͼǰ¹ԭҰǸʡ鷳Ĵ˰
ȻҪиǰᣬ¹ԭҰܹӦĺ
¹ԭҰûӦ
ʮǮһݷŰţ
߿ɣ
Ͳ˵ʮǮһݷˣھֻܳأͼ۶ʮ壬ͷѡ
˵¹ԭҰÿ˵жʹ
һٷʲô⣬жѣ
ټͥǣʹ
¹ԭҰͺܴˡ
һѧڵʱ򣬲Ǹһһܲ˵
˵ı¼ɶûжȫš
ÿڶС
붪ģڵڶѧڵʱ¹ԭҰͲôˣҺû
ҪȻѧڻ÷Ѿס
˹ȥҵڣ¹ԭҰѧֻҪճˣС޸ȫǿǺ̫ˣ
ȻΪ۸֮ԭ޸˼Σ˼ˣС⣬¸a㳭һ¾ˡ
Ȼѧڣ¹ԭҰҲش㳭ϸѧڵҵ
Ϊʹͷټϵ۸л䣬Եڶѧڵҵѧڻܽá
Ļ¹ԭҰ¸ѧڻã¸ѧڻá
ŵ˵ֻҪС¹Сţҵһֱȥ
Ϊ¹ԭҰҵ֮ǰѾرע˲ò˵ظԡ
һѧֻܳԵһεķˣֳ⣡
뵽ôõ͵취Ȼ¹ԭҰ
ȻС취¹ԭҰ˰֮⣬˭ûߡ
ԷС¹˼ˣ̣Ҳûз飡
¹ԭҰܾԭ
ȻСԭҲС
׬Ǯ̫¹ԭҰûж¹ԭҰԼͶֹôǮнʶ˵ǸԼ׬Ǯ˵Ǹʦ׬Ǯ֮ġ
Ҳ¹ԭҰܾԭ
¹ԭҰô˵أ
ûô˽
֮ܶĸ
¹ԭҰӦġ
Ȼʦ˵ʱ򣬻ǵúú˵ϾڣȻ໥֮ûʲôʣҲʦʹ
ǳʲôģҲѽ


113 
˫ûҪܵ˼, ˫Ҳ֪ʺһ˫Ӯĺ
ʦǷӮ¹ԭҰ߿ĺ
Ϊ, ʦӺ¹ԭҰ̸˺þ, Ǿû̸
ʦŪûа취ˣóһֵ, ¹ԭҰӦʺ
Ϊڵʺ, ʦ˵ֻܳɲܰܵġ
˭֮ǰΪҪ뿪ļҳ, ӦԼһأ
ҪǵûжĻ, Ҳֱľء
ʦܾ, Ѿ̫, ¹ϰĲܴӦ𣿡
˼Ƿ, æʱʦﵢôã¹ԭҰû취ˡ
ʱ¹׻нСڽȥæ
ϵĹ֭, ҪȻ¹ԭҰ治ҽСѧȥ
ʱ, ʦ, ¹ԭҰҲʼе㷳ˣڿԼҪҪֱӿ
¹ԭҰ֮ǰʦ뿪ˡ
ôʱ䣬Ҳ֪¹׺ͽСڸɵôˣ
¹ԭҰȥһһ, һҨ, Ѿ൱ˡ
СģȻͦϲݹġ
ʵҲ֣Ҫ֪С, ϲʹһģֻҪܺʹһǾǵƨҲ²
Сں¹ھ̬
ǰ֣ǵ¹ԭҰ񣬴ӽϿɵúܺá
ҲÿǸˡ
Ǹʲôأ
¹ԭҰһ뵽ľʳ
ѡʲôʳأ
˵ʳĻ׾뵽ƬȣЩʳ˰ɡ
ƬĻ¹ԭҰǺԣȵĻҲûʲôرĸоɣкܳһʱûг˰ɡ
ԼڼҲԼĻе鷳¹ԭҰˣ
ʳɣ
ÿ춼ԼżҲҪ͵һѽ
ˣ¹ԭҰͣ¹׽Сڻа׽ȥдɹϵĻ
޹¹ԭҰʵѾܹһЩ˵˼ˣڣ֪¹ԭҰҪǳȥˡ
ϳϲġ
Ѿ˵̲סQˡ
ǶԲ𣬳вóȥϲܸȥҪôȻ¹ˣ¹¿ӣҪôԼһֻ¹ڰ¹ɡ
¹˵Ǻܰȫġ
ΨһҪĵľǣС¹᲻ᷢƢƻ¹Ķ
ƾ¹ԭҰϵ˽⡭
ǳпܡ
һ飬¹ԭҰһ˻ذҵʱ򣬽ī¹ڼסСܳȥˡ
ǻڣȻˣڵĻ¹ԭҰҲǲýī¹Сѧϴŵġ
Ȼȵϻˣֽī¹˾Ȼڣ
ǵϾͲµǳڣԼ͵ȥˣ
ǽһ
ôתͣϽ¹ԭҰߡ
Ҫ¹ԭҰһûֵܰļһһ˳ˡ
¹ԭҰֲڣȥСɽˡ
ȻԽԽԽԽУܵǷȥ¹׵
Ȼҵȫ˺ˡ
¹ԭҰ֪ôɵġ
ǵȵ¹׻֮ŷġ
Ϊҵ˺ˣ¹дҵûˣҪд¹ԭҰҪС¯յܻؼңȥԱߵ¹һҵ
ҵǣ¹׻⣡
ԼдôҳʦҲĺõҵܶˣ
Ҫǰʦĺõǲ֣һƬһƬճȥȻµҵƴһ
¹ԭҰôأ
Ȼ¹Լһƴ
ֻܿȫһ󣬰¹װҵƴá
֪һƴͼȫȤ˵жѣ
ڳͷ¹װ
ڳͷ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰôıҪСġ
Ϊ̫ˣ
¹ԭҰ̲סҪ
ǡ
ֻǸСӤ
᲻ˣ
ͺˡ
ֻڱ͵͵ˣ
Ҳ¹ԭҰˣ㻹ֻӤ¹ϵɱǺܴġ
⣬ҪȻһǲȥ˰ɣһ˴С¹Сȥ䳬оˣڼ￴ϡ
һСѲһ˴ڼ
ҲҪų⣡
¹ԭҰͲŵʱϲˣ
ҪüëĻ¹ԭҰ϶ܹϵüë÷
¹ԭҰѾ׼ˣͰҰС¹Ұ֮ǰʱֹ
˰죬¹ԭҰҲ׼˰죬ַǳ£ͻȻ˸ƨͻȻһСӤ
¹ԭҰ
ȻܹһֵÿĵˣĹ˸ое㡭

Ϊǹ¹ԭҰŲ飬ϾСӤСϻһķŭ
¹ԭҰ
֫ŵأವĽ£ץŰĽŲӣһƨԱߣȻָֻ첲
ȵָ֮Ŵţѽѽðţ
ߣ
ǳ
װ㲻ȥѵԼͲȥˣ
ҲҪԼ棬һҪߣǲ㣡
¹ԭҰһҲɵģȻܺһ˵СӤܣ֮ǰǽһûĬͺϲ¹ԭҰĶôʱ䣬ڰһ
С¹ʱûеЩĬȫˡ
¹ԭҰ漣һشǲѽ˼
Сͦܵİ
һ궼ûȻͿԳˣ
Ǿ͡
ݰ
¹ԭҰֵֻ¹׺ͽСڳţһ仰ȥǵעⰲȫؼŶ
𨿴¹ԭҰıӰֹڱϳ棬ͷһȥ䳬С
˲棬ˡ
ȵȣ˲ѵͲԼҹȥ
һ£Ͼ¹ԭҰߵǸ׷˹ȥ
ʼʱϻûʲôӦ֧ŲӣСԴشΧ
ţϷ񲻶԰
ȥ԰·ġ
ǰ¹ԭҰʹȥεĹ԰ϾȻܰ·סˣϵŰļȷķߡ
֪ܲ԰·
ûȥ԰
װûϵ˼ϱ˳С
ﲻýУСӤûˡ
˳شϽ˳УֱϣһֻһȻڳת¹ԭҰ
뵽¹ԭҰ֮ǰ˵ģҪС¹Сʳʳʳҵġ
ʵ¹ԭҰóʳЩԵģʳʳóԶˣ
ɢƵ֭˿Ƭͷɣ˿СҲ֪ǲ߿Ĺϵĺʳࡣ
¹ԭҰÿһϲԡ
СʳԼڼĻ̫鷳໹ûֱĶࡣ
Գرе£¹ԭҰֱȥԵġ
ôģҲصģش䣬Ӫܾ⣬һС
Сģζã
Ȼ±ƷǿտڳŵʳҲȫû⡣
һǸСں¹ʳɵ˵ʱȷ¹ԭҰĶࡣ
˵õĸӽأ
ôһﾡԼˡ
ŽСں¹׵еʱԼһҵǵʱҲһø¹ԭҰװ
ΪĶ̫࣬಻ؼңվڳſڣǷװ˶Ĵӣ¹ԭҰ¹ĵ绰
¹°ʱ򣬱ͬԼȥҽԺ̽һ˺ӵͬ£һŹӽСڵģȳſˡ
ŽţҲǹŵġ
¹Ϊ¹ԭҰӹˣڴȫηǱأ
˵绰Ȼͨ
ŵʱûֻ¹ԭҰȻˣֻ˾绰ֻҲڶһ£ǻ¹ԭҰûз֡
Ǹ˵ʱ򣬴ֻſһ¹δ硣
ҪȻ¹ԭҰܻѡؼҡ


114 
ȥ˳, ѴСС˽˻
¹һſ¹ԭҰϣһʲôʣʣҿˡ
°֮¹ǺͬȥĸӤ, һЩ͸Ǹ˺ӵͬ, ҽԺһ
Ǹʱ¹ӾͶˡ
ĸСʱ࣬Եǵ㶫, ¹, ִ˷һСʱ¹, Ķӿ̲ˡ
ڲʲôһ׷, ¹Ҳܰե˳Ե
ܿϧ, ¹ԭҰûʲôʣʣ
¹ԭҰҲ¹ӶĻ
¹ԭҰڴ淭˰, ͳһ棬ҪȻ԰ɡ
˵, ¹ԭҰÿ쿪𣬸òų, ¹ԭҰ棬Ҳʳġ
еˡ
¹ԭҰСʱǻûôζķ, ɴҲټ, ¹ԭҰ¹˵㻨Ǯһ, ȥСһ档
˼ϵζۺ߲˰ҡ˳ԡ
ʵ˵¹ԭҰԵķ棬ȺרŸɳԵĸɴ滹Ҫóԡ
ǴɳԵ, ø¹ҲǿԵġ
¹ǶԷҲνˣӹһԼȥ¹ԭҰҳȥˡ
¹ȥʱȫǱ߲ʳԡ
¹ԭҰеİװ𿪣ʲôԼȥþˣ¹ԭҰԼһ֭˿
˿էһۿȥģ͵ģ˵ĸоӦǺһ֡
ʵϲǵġ
ĿڸкӲÿ˿棬մźöİ֥飬ûһ̣ģڲõˣĲ
Ϊ̫Ӳˡ
΢һ㣬ܹԸоͿʼᡣ
¹ԭҰһ˿¹׺ͽСھ͸ѧҲһǸЦǣСڵ¹ԭҰ¹ôãԵþͺ
һֱǱ߽춼ʲȥ
¹ԭҰŶеС˰ɣԸ⡣
ȻеѣζĿԵġ
Сڱ֭˿ס˽ţղȥԱģȻ¹ԭҰ¹һͰ֭˿ȥʼԱʳˡ
һӱͷҲܴУɫİװͷ
տζġ
˺װֱҧһڣܹҪ⣬жѡ
ѿɲѴջģѺ͸ࡣ
ŵѺ͸࣬Ϊ¹ԭҰҧһڣͨȱھܿ
һǸ࣬һѣ̫Եͼһֲţÿһڶͬʱҧ⣬࣬ѡ
ڸкͣһҧʱҲܲ˿ģ֮໥ǣţĺʱĵĻȫŰ˿
ǻɫģǰɫģɫĸģģɫѿڸеӲ㡣
˿һҧȥͬʱҪ⣬໹ѵĳԷ֮⣬Ҳ԰ո˵ϲãѸ룬ƷͬλĿڸкζ
¹ԭҰĺϲУųŻһƬ
һŵƬһ˳Կܻ̫࣬Ǽһ־͸ոպã¹ԭҰ֣ûе۳ɷֵƬļܹú
һƬ⿾ģֻҪӣȫỳɣּ˵۵ƬĲһϵġ
򿪰װܹԵŵƬɢŨŨζ
Ϊͺ㣬ҪӴĵζϣֻƬԼζͺܴ
㣬ڸҲͣ⣬¹ԭҰƬȵʲô
ȫܾԼ¹ԭҰȥһ֭
˽¹ԭҰ¹׺Ͱ𨣬ѾȥԼıӣϿǳʳһһġ
޳ݵͶסԼĿˮˡ
Сֱˡ
ǳԲҵǣСӤϣҲˣ𨱧ڻû뵽ྐྵȻôһ
ڸоûаȫа
ʼ±С¹
Ǳּܣϻûأ
Ҳ˵СӤ֮󣬱䲻ȥ
ϣ˲Ӽͥʳĵڶһ¹׶׸㶨СӤϡ
¹˵һ鰡
ҶܹСӤ飬ͦõģԼòð
ԲóԵģôܹȥ棬ֱһǴ
Ҫˣ
ȻҰԿް
ɤŵһţһ˽ȥһ㶣ʶرסƿ
ף
Ĵź˰
ǰС¹ϣƿѶȵ飬Ǳˣ»Ǹ޸֮СӤҲԼƿˡ
ָое档
ɵһӾתע
ֱ¹ɢζʱ
ֶ֪һٺóԣǱҪóԣ˹
¹Ͷ룬˴һ֮ˡ
˳˰𨻳ǸСӣʵղͷˣֻʶѣ¹ΪӦǱ˼ҵĺӣϵӸղŵڶûĶֶϡ
𣿡
Ϻܸӵ³ƿһϣ
ôܱ𣿡¹ʱ䣬˵һܱûһأ
˵仰¹ͻȻоһ˿Ϥһ䣬ʲôʱģ߰ûУ
¹ԭҰټ̥ȫȸߵ
ȻҲǶ¹ĿУ¹һ㶼ϡ
Ҫ֪Ϊǰ֪飬¹Ǳ¹ְֺ¹赱¹ԭҰͬˣ
֪Ϊǰһ֪ôͳΪͬأ
¹ԭҰӳ˾飬¹ڶ飬ͺ
תͷһ룬ݣϵݣ֪Ķ֪˰ܱˣǴ°
ξǰ֪ˣӦҲ䲻ͬĵزɡ
¹ԭҰ֪¹ôһͷȻչô͸˵ϵ¡
֪Ϊżñ˵ʱ򣬱ʱ򣬻Դ˱Ч¹㱻ǿǺ
һͨͿȣӱˣ¹̲סЦ
¹ϲ¹ԭҰҵ¹׵ģССһֵߣԤõԺǸ˧磬ǼҽСȻҲÿ˧˧вġ
ϲģֶһϡ
С¹ʱȣӤ˸ȣôܽ¹ϲ
Ц˰Цˣ¹ְһ֣ҪɰϣȻ
ϻ¹ղųЦĳأ

ҸղŹְ̻ˣźݵӣϿһֻɾС¹أ
ùְŪࡣ
ܾ˵¹һԼˣϵעģΪǰĶ̫ó˰ɣ˾͡
ܼ١
¹һ¹ԭҰ֮ССһԾϲˡ
ȻǶƷģı⻹Ҫóԡ
ĶƤСӣΪڲĹ죬۵±֭͸Сڲÿһ϶
һҧȥڵ⣬ȫ±֭ζ
ʲôģ¹ûԹ
¹ԭҰȥǸУ¹ǰû黹ڼʱǾȥġ
Դ¹֮󣬺ͽȥסˣûôȥˡ
ƽʱ˻ʲôȥһҾұȽϽĳС
СǳкƷ¹ûгԹ֡
һԣϲˣ¹ԭҰҳһС֮󣬻ؼ˾Ȼ
˯ǰζٳԡ
Ҫﳬоŵ͹ˣ¹ҹģԿԴӴʮӳȥһ
¹Ů˵Ը
Ϊ˳ԵģǶôŵ鶼ܸɵó
ȻˣȻΪʱ̫ˣ¹ûԸǵڶһ磬صһСʱųȥǼҳˡ
ǳнĵһλ˿͡
װֹ¹һؿȥϰˡ
ͬһʱ򣬾̲סСˡ
ҶһԵģ¹Ҳ˼ͬ³һ¡
ͬҲ


115 
ʦ¹ԭҰܾ֮С̫, ˼δ˰죬û뵽һõĽ
Դ, ҳûʵĻ, Ͳ˵ҳˣٰõ˵
Ҳ׼ˡ
ʦŪˮƽĲ, ȥС¹Сϰ壬̸ʧˡ
˼ҲԸ
Ȼ˵ʵ, ˵ĸоȴʦѾΪ龡ˡ
¹ԭҰܾ, Ը¹ԭҰ, ͨ˵ķʽìͷת¹ԭҰ
ķʽܿ˼ҳܻ
ʦȷʵͦõġ
ڶС̫ʦҪᣬֵһЩ⡣
ֵԭ, нİ취֮, һλշʦʦ, ʦС¹Ǳ̸Ǳʲôʱߵʳã
ʦǽ̸꼶, , С¹ҵϢ, ʼǴﴫġ
ҲһԵˣʦ֪С̫С¹Ҫʱ򣬷ʦĵġ
ԺС¹Ǳ֮󣬲֪ܲϰ忪СŪһݺ跹
Ȼúܶ࣬ǱֳԸ, ȷˬʵ֣ʦǶ˵ϻȻʮദȷѵָо
ѻʲô
ҲʦԼ֪
ʦ֮ǰԼõ˵˳Ǳ߲ӦҲûа취
ʦһС¹ңҲûж룬ʶؾʣǱ˵Ϊʲôܾ𣿡⻰˵ڣͱԱߵʦͱһ¡
ʦƴʹɫ÷ʦ졣
ʦҲ̫˵˵˼ͷ˹ȥεĻ顣
ȵʦ֮ʦſʼ˵Ļ
Ϊĸǽжʦû˵رֲǲ֪С¹ҵǸշѱ׼˵ѧǼˡ
Ƕˣʦʡ
˵ǧˡһʦش𣬡еĻһѧںҲǧɡ
Ƕ٣λʦҲǮصģʦڸ𣬰칫ҵʦֻ֪֪λҡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣôʦô뵽Ǹǵʳðǲ֪ʦʵģС̫Ǯ
⻰˵ĵʵ
С̫ȷʵǮϸڣǵ˲Ҳûá
Ϊ˶סҳǵ죬ʦòʹͳһǮǸƻʳŪ⣬Ҳ㶹֮Ʒ
ȻҲƷǼ۸ɱ˶ˡ
ѧǿӦȥˡ
С¹Сô飬ʦûǹȥ
ŸС¹ҵ¡
ʦԼйģɷ׶԰صǶС
С¹СרģµľʳƷˣʦ˴ֱ֣ӾܰС¹Сˡ
ʦ֪ܲһ㣬¹ԭҰɲʲô˦Ķ
Ҫ֪˼ұдȵģ
˦˵˼һС¹Сʹʲôģĺ
ʦڱ˲֪پ¹ԭҰʲôûиоӪС̸æתʦأ
Ѿʼˡ
С̫ʦǿʼŴְˡ
ʵҲȫǷĹֻǸӡ
Ϊйʦżٶ࣬ʱ٣źܹʵӣʵϣһ仰ĸţٳ
ʦҪסԴʳûʳˮƽʲôģȫǴҪġ
ҪҪѧѧϰɼץס
ôѧô꼶Ҫôץסɼأ
һ˸ץͨ꼶ʦץסѧĳɼ


һ ҵڶڿοʼʦĹء
ͬʱҪѧҵɣ˶ҲԼ˼ЩͬѧҵȷʵΪֵġ
Ҳв֣ΪĲдŴİ
ʱ㶪ȥԼ˼Ҳֻ˷ʱ䡣
ʦⷽҪ󣬴ӱϿǺܺģһ㣬ʦҲֻˣɡ
ÿȻŵҲȻв
кùͨļҳҲԹͨļҳ
˿ֲǣԹͨļҳǿǿϣ͸ʦĹ˺ܴ鷳
ʵĴڣÿ꼶С
еʦдҵĺϵʮһ㣬ѾؼӰ໹ûмӰѣȫԼģҪҳ˵ûоġ
Уйܣ϶й̶°ʱģʱҵûɵĻʦǿԲʮһӵġ
㣬СسǵĹû.
С̫ԣֻʣôһѧˣʦҲɿʦؼңԼԱֻͼҳ죬ȻλʦǸѧ
ôģû޵Ӱ໹£Ҳȥġ
ԡ
һһʦʦ˴ְ
ֲǱҵʦһ׵飬ڲһһʦҪְ
ʦﻹõС¹С
æȰʦС¹СأʲôûʦҪ
ҲʦƶһصļƻԱûôɣΣܾյضȹˡ
ҪˣǿɾͲֻʦְˡ
С¹СѨʳƷȫϣйĵѨǿɶˡ
ȫУԼУʦ
һ׮׮һóʦͷ۵ġ
С¹ң
²С̫ȿɡ
һѧᣬʦȻô࣬ǱʶòܺС¹С̫ӽ
֣һС¹СϹϵùĶС̫
ʦиСѧŮأ
Ҳ÷ܶŮѧҵɲʧȥС̫

¹ԭҰңһػǼҵϣԼɰˣ
ôҪƿ̽һԼ
Ϻһƿ̣űԼȿ˵ƿ¹ԭҰʾ⣬¹ԭҰܾˡ
С¹θںСӤθܱ
ôСĶӻװƿ̣
У¹ԭҰһھܾ
ǽһⰡ
ѵõõ
ȫˣҲֻа𨣬ܸоʲôίϣ˵Ҫ
ʲô¹ԭҰǰǼ飬ѵǸ
˵ͷ
ĻȷʵҪúõؽһ¡ٵѾˣϲٺȣ¹ԭҰԸĽ
ɽ¹ԭҰϰٶһεĺܲܳԡ
õ֮һɽһСûк˵Ĺ⣬ϵ棬ôó𣿡
һ˵ţ¹ԭҰͰʣµɽһڰˡ
ţ˵εСȻԳɽ񣬵̫࣬һͺá
һγԵɽϾ͸ĴһˮҲ̫ó˰ɣ
̻Ҫóԣ
ôһСɽһӾ̽ȥˣſͣ¹ԭҰٸιһģ
Ϳ¹ԭҰԼԵˡ
һʱ޷ܣ崻ˡ
㶵ؿ¹ԭҰְһԣɽˮܺóԣǰ¹ûУֻȥųԡ
ˮҲرҪһɽȫǺĹǣĹֻһ㡣
Ǿɽˮܹ
ˮȷʵóԣӦú˻ɡ
¹ԭҰͰһ죬һ߳ɽһת۵ĹԱߵͰͶɽǡ
ɵȥɾûɽˣ
ŵϽ¹ԭҰҪɽԡ
¹ԭҰһýŵסϣԼһһʣµɽȫ
ȻŸϿյĴӡ
û
ҪǺƭһС˵ܺȥ
Ǵɾˡ
֪ܲɽûˣ
û˵ԭ򲻾㣡
ɽ񶼳ˣ
һɣ׼۶һգСһţˡ
ÿʱͺ뻳ϵǲ¹ԭҰġ
Ӷ޳ˣ¹ԭҰȻںǺЦ
Ͽſţ͵͵һֻ۾۲¹ԭҰ
ֶԷһⶼûУըˡ
ʲôĲŲϵԸ
һŭֱС¹
¹ԭҰôԸֻŭС¹


116 һ
¹ԭҰ껹ûʼѧ, ֪СǣСɽϷ裬ǻĺӻûڵĺĽ
¹ԭҰԴ·, ͸ڽ¹ƨɺ, ɽǣ˩ϵǸӣСɽޡ
ڣ¹Ҫѧ, û취ķ档
¹ԭҰͼ̳¹ҵȥСɽҰ, ؼҺ¹񽻻ѧУſ
ûʽ׵Ļ¹ԭҰӦǻСɽ֮, ͵ժ㽬, ˼棬˲ŻȥԷ
Ϊ¹¹ԭҰǾܾС, ƭСһҰ
˵ǴСͻᶯ͵ˡ
Լأ
͸๤һ, ڴϢ, ȻСǰѽ͹һֺɫ, ڵϵĽ
ϻΪ, , һҵһƬڲݴ棬ĺӣֻҪҵˣһسԸʹ졣
СǶϲӣǰԼϲĶó, ¹ԭҰʲô취أ
Ӽ͵һ⣬ʣµķĵζۡ
ʲôأ
Կġ
һӣһǿ⡭
ӳУⲻУô붼Ӧѡɡ
СǾôƭȥġ
Сժӵʱ¹ԭҰҲȫϢģȥСϪߣʵҲȫСϪ
ǾɽˮɽγɵһСˮѡ
¹ԭҰѡˮԱߣ֦Ȼͳ˴Ϊ֦ȼ֪ӿڴͳͽֽ
ѲǺܴҪ¹ԭҰҲǺܴ󣬾ͺһļС飬һһڶ
ôһ⣬ҪٴĻ
ǵӾִ֦տĸ߶˲¹ԭҰɵôᡣ
Ȼһ£ֲУòͽֽⱧ˻
ͽֽһӾҲ¶˳¹ԭҰȳģǿһǸ𡭡
ˡ
Ҳ벻õİ취ɡ
ѲȻҲղ˶ʱ䣬Ϩ֮ǰ񣬰ˡ
˵ʵе࣬¹ԭҰǻɲ֪ȼ֮Ļңʵֻǿ࣬ʵϸɾúܡ
еǲɲû
ѻĸɾ˳ԡ
ڳⷽ棬¹ԭҰǸߵģˣֱȥץ˸죬
ƾԼᶨ־
Ļĸɾˡ
˿СѾռöˣ¹ԭҰͺ⡣
⻹Ạ̊́¹ԭҰɲͽַ⣬ӿڴͳ˲ͽֽһкڴôͽֽ
¹ԭҰҪôɾСͲӵϼˡ
֮ԴôĲͽֽΪ¹ԭҰòͽֽģֲͽֽУԲŷ֦ġ
òͽֽţ˺˼飬ȻϷĵζۣ¹ԭҰһε⿾ˡ
ʵףζĺܲ
Χ㣬еɵ;ڲȴΪζ۵Ĺͣ⿾̵С
ɹġ
Сÿ˾ֻԵһС飬ɾôһС飬ǳ˻ԡ
컹磬ҪȻȥһɣ
¹ԭҰŲأ
ôģ
Ϊ¹Ҫ⣬Ա⣬¹ԭҰû¹裬Լ͵͵ȥһߵġ
Ϊ˲¹跢֣¹ԭҰûҶС
ҪȥеĻ¹ԭҰ϶ᱻ֣Ȼģ
¹ԭҰôɵ
˭˭ȥⰡ
СǶǺܸңֻܷ˻ؼ͵⣬ɲҪˣ컹ô磬Էʱ䣬ȻҪˣ
׽Բˡ
¹ԭҰСǸԼժӣеԥģСȰôʱ䣬Ҫǲ̫ϧˣ
ӷڶ棬Ҳܹ׽Բذ
ǡ
õԥ
׽Բؿʼ֮ǰ¹ԭҰѸղʣµĻңȫˮȥˡ
֮ŸСһȥ׽Բء
¹ԭҰʯͷӲɹʤڸץ˵С鱳ȥ֮󣬿񱼶ȥ
СѿɶǴССɽģСɽֱҪ̫Ϥܲ˵ĵطô໥֮䶼֪Ǳץǰ˳ˡ
¹ԭҰʤͺǿҡ
Ժ¹Сײôںҵ
¹ԭҰ¹Ը˭

ֱ¹ԭҰСʱһģһ
ֻ֮¹ԭҰˣʤ˶ѡ
ΪԼ飬鰡
Ϊ׷׽ԲϷʤ¹ԭҰЩͨĲ˵ĵطϴԽԽԶȻһȫİĵط
ΧĻ¹ԭҰԼˣطȻû
ĵһ뷨ǣ;ԲᱻС鷢ֵģ
¹ԭҰϴѰĿ׽Բʥأ
ǲôңҲٷְĵط뽫һ£ˮߵһġ
û뵽ǲѵĵطʵˮ¹ԭҰһŲȿգˮ
ûȵ£ҲǺһˮ¾ͲȵʲôǸᶯ¹ԭҰԳˮ档
ʪ¹ԭҰһ±Ƶһֻ¹ϡ
¹ˮ¹ԭҰ͵˰ߣڳԣôģ
¹ԭҰŴ¹˵Ǳŵˣ¹̾һˣͷ϶ֻ¹ǣźӡ
ҰͳȥɣԺҪˡ
ֱ¹ԭҰΪɵ˵ӣͻȻһĻ˽ȥ§ŰĲӲ֡
СNɇNɵ˵ţǱŵ˵Ӱ
ʵ𨶯ҪһĻ¹ԭҰ˵Ļᱻŵǰ𨶯̫˰
¹ԭҰɶûУоϴ˸һ
ȻͿһֻ˵Ĵ¹ˡ
¹ԭҰ֮ǰ˵ʱǰֻ˵Ĵ¹ǲǵ˵
е㾯ĵġ
ڿ¹ɵ˳ô
õģôÿôأ
϶ҲǺ
϶·͸Ӿһ϶ɣ
ı֣˵Ƿǳ֮չˡ
¹ԭҰ§ŰĲӣͲͣ؇Nɣ˭ôʲô֣ǿ㿴ӣղ˯𣿡
ʲôط˯Ҹղôû㣿
˯ô꣬¹ԭҰĶһְ˯ѵ״̬Ҫ¹ԭҰô뿪Ӧû˯
¹ԭҰˮˣΪ˾¹ԭҰһӾѡ
Ϊ˲ŵ¹ԭҰķѲľˣҪȫ־ţϾ˯š
ɽ񣬸ղˮ˯һ߻ش¹ԭҰ⣬һߴ¹ԭҰ¹ı߽磬ʣµ·ܳȥֻ¹ԭҰԼˡ
˳һֱǰߣܻͷĸĸڼء¹ԭҰĽ棬ſ
˭֪
¹ԭҰȼס˶ڰϣҲһ֪ܶȤĹ£˵ģһɣ
һ˲֪꣬Ȼ󲿷ʱ˯Ҳǲįġ
¹ԭҰĻԥһ£ʹӦֻһŶ
¹ԭҰõ㣬ҲŰˣԱߣʲô£֪ܶĹ£ʲôԡ
º͵Цţ˵ʲôԡ
¹ԭҰͽ˸һǧһҹĹ£֮ʰ𨣺ҵĹ½ˣܽһ¸𣿡
¹ԭҰĹ£רŸͯ£ú棬оˡ
ȴûй¿Խ
鶼ġ
һ֣ľͳһ¹ԭҰƭСȥժӣûй£Һ𣿡
¹ԭҰԼҲӣҪȥͽ㻻ġ
¹Сϰ߿ˣôһӣֻܻһ
Ӹ¹ˣҪְ¹
¹ԭҰɲɵÿðΪгֻЭ
ԸӴ£Ȼˣ
ͻȻʲô£¹ԭҰӶͳӣԱһ£ĸӸһ㣬ɵһ׳ӡ
ȴ֣ղžҵ˶Уڶﶼѹˣ
±˵һˣһûˣ
̫ˣ
¹ԭҰС飬ɾͳŲסˣứһ£˵òԼ
޲ֿޣֳֿޣһ߿޻Ӱӳԡ
ù»ģܲԣ
˵ûˣ¹ԭҰܺ¹Ļ¹ԭҰù»ôӣɫζ𣬲Ҳȥ¹
ڿ
ʵôҲУ¹ԭҰ޵ʲô˷ѵӣйӶСȥժӵĿ⡣
ôóԵĿ⣬ڳԳһ㡣
ºˣûˣҲûˣҲûˣ
ʲôûˡ
¹ԭҰ޵Ѫ
𨱾¹ԭҰһģǿһ߿һ߳ԣͻȻú˼ȵ¹ԭҰ˵Լ޵ԭ֮󣬰;ø˼ˡ
ĺôôȤ
𨶼Цۡ
ôÿˣЦɱֱǱ
¹ԭҰöˣظŰһ֡
֪ԭ򣬻Цôġ
¹ԭҰԺţȻûˣҲûˣҲûˣܹʶôÿˣôÿ˽ѡ
׬Ŷ
Ц˶ã¹ԭҰʹ˶á
ȵЦˣֲ˲۽ЦỨղŵѾ¹ԭҰˣŪһӣЩ㣬ȥĽ㽻
𨲻֪ʲôǰ¹ԭҰղŵ˵Ӧǡ
һֺܺóԵʳ
Ϊ¹ԭҰôĵı꣬һЩӣֹ¹ԭҰûмһɿݵҶɵС
¹ԭҰ֪ôԵġ
ԷƤ˺ǻƳȳȵģرĹӣһҧȥֶ֭
ǵϲ𣿡¹ԭҰιһţ¹ԭҰ˵ͷ˵ϲĻԼų԰ɡ
֮ǰ˵ԼɽﲻСɽ
Ҳ˵Сɽɽ
¹ԭҰȻ꣬Ѿ֪ܶˣÿɽǿǺֵģ˶õʵġ
ûǮʳ¹ԭҰ¹񣬻Լȥɽġ
Ϊ̫Сܾˡ
黹Ц˺ü졣
¹Ƥڼ˼죬¹ԭҰƤ񣬸νЦͱЦ£ֲ⡣
¹ԭҰ֪ɽҪɽˣҪһֱһ𣬾͸ְֺһ
ְָ׬Ǯң踺ò绨
¹ԭҰͬŮקҼҾƵʱ򣬵ΰְֽɫʱ򣬶ҪӳԵģ
ôϷɫ¹ԭҰôϸɣ
뵱ˣ
¹ԭҰؿʧܵǴɽԼ
ܹϰĻ
ǿԶԵĹ
һ뵽־ܹӣ¹ԭҰûгԹĵ¹ԭҰԣ
ܾôˣ
Щֲܾǰ𨣡
Ȣûоͬ⣬ǲģ
ЩҲǣǳŵĹȥģĵģ
Ͳһˣ
ֻҪԲĹӳԣ¹ԭҰò绨ġ
ôţ¹ԭҰס֣ϵط˽룬𨣬ȢҵòãҿԸġ
ôܻӦ
⺢ӵĿ
ΪһڳԵģͰԼ޳ȥ⺢Ҳ̫ˡ
𨲻Ӧ¹ԭҰе㲻⣬س룬ȢԺÿ춼Ը㽲˯ǰµģ͸һ
ȷʵϲ¹ԭҰĹ£֪¹ԭҰʱ䲻̫ԺҲܼˡ
һֱ˯ʧһ졣
пʵûбҪһӽˣһĻԣȻĻҾʹӦɣҲĹһ㲻£Ҳɱġ
䣬ڤڤ֮иоˡ
¹ĺ֮䣬ȻϿɵĻ
ʧٶ
϶
Ӹһݺܴ
ϡٵڣ¹ԭҰάŰĴڡ
ֻ¹ԭҰһݣǲġ
԰Ҫ̤¹䡣
뵽黹е㸴ӡ
˵¹䱣˰𨣬ðܹŵڣ֮У¹Ҳ˰𨡣
ǧֻܿڰ¹˯
һεĻҲ֪Լ᲻ͬѡ
δ֪ͲȥˣڰѾҵµİ취뿪¹䡣
Ѱ֮⡭
ҲҪһʱ䣬ֻɽô졭
ҲԼδʲôġ
ª
ᣬꡣ
񣬻ˡ
һ뵽֣ľֹס
ΪǽֱԶĴڣȻСɽҲˣͬʿ࣬ϲ֡
Сɽ޷ġ
ֻǴԺУǺһȴͻȻʵ塣
һΪʳĵޣȻһ߿Ҳһ߳Ե̰С
ô꣬Ҳʱ޷ʵ
ʵе㡭
ˡ
¹ԭҰɲ֪ﶼЩʲôһ뵽ԺгԲˮ̲ס
¹ԭҰɵӣͷ۵ص˵ͷ
̫ƭ˰ɣ
ôСĳŵ
Ҳ֪Ժ󳤴˻᲻ڡ
ô׾ͳϣҲ̫
취ĪĻ˲С
¹ԭҰҲǾ˰һķϣ𨶯Լʣ¹ԭҰһףڣǻؼҵʱˡ
ĸĸѾɽˣûȥˡ¹ԭҰһֻ֣߰ɣȥ
˿֣ٿԼȫǹӵ֣¹ԭҰ룬°ڶס˹ӣס˰֣뿪˰¹䡣
𨲢ûгɽǰĴ㣬¹ԭҰһȫĵطµȴ𨾲š
¹ԭҰΪ־˯ȥֿ¹ԭҰĸĸ»ص˰¹䡣


117 
ǷŭС¹ô
¹ԭҰס, ⲻǻа
ϳʱ򣬰Ͱϸˡ
Ȼƽʱվ¹ԭҰģһ, Ҫվ, ֯һԣˣȻһ, Ͼࡣ
ӵľ飬ȷʵû¹ԭҰࡣ
¹ԭҰж಻, ¹׽ôȴʵ
԰󲿷£¹ԭҰġ
С¹, ϲһ
С¹ƫ, ԰ķʽûʲô⡣
ƤʵԲοӤ, ȴȫհᡣ
ܹⲿִ˵˼, Ҳ֪ίġ
ϴε˺ҵ, ¹ԭҰֻ˵һϣûж, Ϊǵһû
һһûСӤ, ǴٴĻ, ĸҳִ򣬴ִ򲻵ãֻܸ߸̧¡
ǰ¹ףϺϲһ, ¹׻͸ϵģһˣ¹ԭҰ𨣬¹ףС¹
¹׼װҪ˺Żϡ
Ϊ֪ԼҪĶƻˣһʲô顣
ϵʱȥȻ粻ֻ۾ôᡣ
¹׵Ȼû˺Ȼʱҵ˺ˣ¹Ǻģ㲻ϣ¹͸ϵôϲ
¹׸᲻˺
ϲһҲܰС¹磬˺¹׵ҵΪ¹ûдȥ档
С˵ʺصġ
õ㣬õȴҡ
Ϊŷŭ˺¹׵ҵڶֵʱǲ֪ġ
֪ˡ
һֱܽС¹ſڰ𨻳޵óģѾû飬϶ûз֡
¼ҵС¹ҪĶ˺¹Ҳԭϡ
ϴϵĴ󣬰ϣһΣȫû
ػļңֵýġ
¹ԭҰΪҲ϶ϵ֪¹ԭҰǸɽǸĽ
¹ԭҰԼȴɽԵˡ
СԱ̰Եģ¹ԭҰôɣֲ֪Լܶɽ񣬵Ȼˡ
ӦøϣֻһСƬϵĽ˵˺ö֮ܽһ䡣
ܽ͡
¹ԭҰΪԼȥɽϵģ

¹ԭҰʣϵܳԶɽ񣿡
һӦûġش
¹ԭҰһԼΪеԴСˣɽأѾԹˣôͰ
ͰɽҲǲܳԵġ
Ϊ¹ԭҰ͸СӤҲԳԵʳɡ
ϱСӤʱ¹ԭҰץʱһ£澹ȻѾСˡ
Ӥ
ӦǿԳܶˡ
ܶõƺ̷ģִڼԴţС͵ˮţ֮󣬾ͿӤ̷ˡ
רŸӤ̷ۻкܶ࣬ÿܶ
¹ԭҰʱ̲ס͵˼ڼĸݣһ㶼š
ִڼҲûκεìܡ
һܶŽϿʼִĿڸУڸдڵʱȽ϶̣ܶҧ飬ܿͱˮ
ȻŨζ̷ֵζ
͸ɳ̷е
̷۸ɳжóԣⲻ¹ԭҰرǿɡ
ֹܶϺϲ¹ף¹ԭҰԼҲϲǡ
רŪһģһĴǲޣСС¹С¹ԭҰͰˡ
һһޡ
¹ԭҰװܶʱصذСС¹϶йǣԼֵĹӣԼġ
ҪԼ棬¹ԭҰʲôʱԣֳԶܶⶼԼ
ÿ˾ֻһޣûˡ
ϵĲҶеĶܵ¹ԭҰרȥɽե֭Ϻȡ
һɽܹե֭
ôɽ֭Ȼ¹ԭҰûкȹɽ֭أ
ɽζãϻǸϲܶһЩ
ڳܶеĸо
ΪС¹̬ԡ
ϾȻ漣ѧ¹̬еת䡣
״̬ڵϣԼƿܶ߬ܶеóԡ
ֵһĻǣϿƲסԼĿˮϣϵܶڻֻС
еϿеѾܶˣԼ֣
ûܶܶζСҲǺܲģ
Ͽеóԣееңؿȫڻܶ
¹ԭҰ֮ǰ׼Щվûа׷ѡ
ˮϽϣ
ΪԼ򲻿ܶĹӣټϳԵϵܶһġ
¹׺ͽСǵܶأ
Ϊ¹ԭҰûйǣԼҲԵһ죬ǵܶһ롣
ʵҲǺ顣
Ͼ극ǾҪһţдҵʱҲҪһдһ߳ܶ½ٶܲ
¹ϵʱ򣬰Լǹܶϰְķһ𣬾ֵط֣ܶȻһٵģ
¹׿ɲô棬ΪԼܶˣϰְǾͻǷݷָԼ
Ųᣡ
¹׺ַַĹ
Ϊ˲Լֻܿű˳ܶĽ֣¹׾ˣ
Ҫƶܶƻ
ÿֻܳʮš

е࣬Ǹĳɰ˿źˡ
ķѾˣٳˣ¹ؿһԼܶޣﶼڳܶ
Ҳ¹׵ļʱڶ컹ܶԣǽСû

Լܶ޻ؼ֮Լҵʱ򣬱跢ˡ
Сڴ󷽵ְһ˾˸ԼܶȻ󡭡
ܶѾˡ
Եʱûʶֱ극ˣҪС¹һдҵС¹ͳӣһܶϧسŵʱ
ŷ֣ܶѾˡ
Ҳûˡ
ǸСͺܵˡ
˼ͳӽСں¹߷ֵܶԡ
Ǹʱ򻹺ܸԣĽСں¹׷Ǻüš
˼ͳζϲԼһ֮󣬻ʣĴȥˣָԼڸʶĺѡ
ǶǵһγԵִܶ࣬ţ̵ζеġǹҶϲ
ʳΣܶģҲԼԡ
νǴСǵйġ
ȻˣҲ֪ܶġ
ԼҲ㻨Ǯܶԡ
ܶӤʳûģǿȥ򣬼۸е
ĻֻԼˡ
¹װǴ¹ԭҰǱʵ֮˼еˡ
Ǿǰ㻨Ǯǻ취ܶ
û˺š
Сû˺ţǴа
˼裬ÿ춼Աģ˼뵽Լϴκò׿һٷֵĽ
ҪȻξ˰ɣ
˼ȥ衣
˼һ㶼˼ЩѾ˵˵ģ˼ܿһٷֵĻһԸ
һߣһδͣȥ涼ǿԵġ
Ҫȣܶе
ȷҪ𣿡˼ظһ飬һ˵һһܶ
üһ۸ŵˣȻӤԵĶǹ
Ҳһ۸ôߡ
˼Ըģ˼ֻ۵˵˼ܶ
ȥСǷųԵʱ򣬻ܵظС飬һٷֵĽ˴ҿһٷ֣ʲô
̸һٷֵĽ¹׾ͺоˡ
һٷֶżˡ
̫ҪȻ˻ᱻ軵ġ
ְ֣Ϊ¹׿̫һٷˣͲÿζ¹׽ˡ
˼Сڳһһ㶵ġ
СڴʣС¹Ϊʲôܿһٷ֣
¹׵˵һЩСʳѣԣҰְֶģòſһٷֵĽ
ЩСʳҸϲһٷֵĸо
⻰һ˼ͳνСǽһ
Ҳֻ¹ܰѿһٷ˵ô˰ɡ
Ҫһٷ־һٷ֣ҪͲҪ־˲ûԶأ
ȻС¹/С¹磡
̫ˣ
˶¹׳ݵһͿ
ǵǲڵʱ¹׶ǸȲһٷֵСʳҲôϰ
¹ôʡܶгһ죬ſչȥ¹ԭҰְֿ֣һٷ֣ٸܶ𣿡
¹׵һٷǳ£¹ԭҰϰˣʲôģѾ벻ˣ¹ҪʲôĻ¹ԭҰǻġ
Ӥ̷ûˣ֮ٸ
ܶ¹ǽһİ
һٷã
´λҪһٷ֣


118 
֮ǰ˵, ¹ԭҰʵȽϲָСԶ͡
ټûк͸ĸסڳԺȵķ棬ͱȽԡ
ǲѧǳԵһ졣
պÿһСӵƵ, ¹ԭҰ;Сӳˡ
ֻСһоеµ, ¹ԭҰһ˾, ʵ֮, ĲϼﶼС
¹ԭҰҲȥг˵ʱ, ˳ֻ㡣
ϲгʳʵģ㷷컹ûĵ𴲿ȥͷӳ洬Ϲʵĺ㡣
¹ԭҰȥʱ, 㷷̻ǱƼ¹ԭҰз
ÿ춼Ҫгˣĳ̶ֳ˵, ¹ԭҰͲгСʵҲ˸죬Ҳ֪¹ԭҰǿСġ
ÿ춼һѲ˻ȥ, ϶Ҫʳð
˵, ˭һԼ̯Ʒȫģ
ǽһЩҲǿԵġ
Ϊ¹ԭҰм̯py, ȥ̯λһŻݵļ۸򵽡
ҲСһɡ
ȫ֮ؼңʱҲǰ˵, ʱ仹һʱ䣬¹ԭҰԲعشϴ˯
ӽ, ¹ԭҰ¥ʱ̺ͰѾ¥´¹ԭҰʳˣȻϾԱߵӤ, ֻСһ𣬿ˮһء
¹ԭҰûע
¹ԭҰʱһ
֮ǰֻС¹ͻȻʧɣСӤͻȻֵɣ¹ԭҰûأ
ǰһֱûϴΪ
ǿ̵ı飬ϵĳһ㶼ȣѵûʱ򣬰˵ʲô
ڲʵʱ
¹ԭҰ˶ģҲȥæˡ
̹ʱ¥µǿŵģڳ棬ѹι̡
ȻڳˣҲʼԸʳˣ¹ԭҰͰ𨶼ûڸ϶̵ļƻ
ţС͹ӪܺãǶÿԸ϶һʱ䡣
ǵһ￴ϵӤ̬еԵԸ񣬿ô᲻ʡ
ͺ¹ԭҰµһ˽ڡ
ȻѾܿˣһ飬Ҳ⡣
¹ԭҰһʼûԱ⣬ദʱ䳤ˣȻҲ֪ˣмصˣڿ˶ϰΪ̬ȣҲᰴסԼĺġ
ͬ԰µĴڣҽܣͬӣûб
£ֻܹ˵ڹģ֮ǰһֱûгֵԭ򣬾ΪӻСæԸĸ
ĸʶؾΪ¹ԭҰĸĸˡ
ϤҲֻиһƬˣ¹ԭҰɽ壬ĽΧ֮ˡ
˰ĽͣҲǽɣһĵطǾǹе׻˶Ǯ
漰֪ʶäˣûȥҹУôܻ֪۸
ʱհһ£ǲڱ˸֣һҡ
۸̲ס࣬ⶼֵһˡ
ģҲһ򲻵һƽһ򣬶С׷ˣҪǲĵĻɽֵطһһĲʽ¥װޣȫܸ㶨
̿ϵһӾͱˡ
Ǹް
ܳһҹУû뵽С¹ְּôǮ
ƽʱĿ
̵Ȼ۾ǴģǽۻͦԵġ
¹ԭҰһҳԵõĴģϾͨ˵ˮƽž͸ǼҲ࣬ǼҺһЩǮ
رǰ𨣬ûʲôرְãҲûʲôǮĵطʻˡ
¹ԭҰҲ࣬ϾڳԵķģ·ҲûʲôҪ󣬾ϲ̱ڸֵطˢˢֻƵʲôġ
˵Ǻʡˡ
Ϊ̶֪˵Щʲô¹ԭҰ죬в˳ˣȫҲ缦Űһֱġ
̻̰ôôСʳ
ʵܸϳԵĸʳֻô֣ǰúõ߲࣬ϽӴˡ
ú棬Ͳͳʼˡ
̵ָ£һ߲ࡣ
¹ԭҰ˰죬ڵȵѧǷѧˣ̰ѳõĲ˶˳ȥʼѧǴ򷹣¹ԭҰŴӰ˽⵽˴ŵ
ĬĬظһ£Ȼ¹ԭҰȥͨڷ磬ʱ˵ǰǱ𨸸ĸžˡ
ڼֱ
˻ҲҲǲ֪ĸĸ
ϼҵݣǸھӣȫڶԸȥͬʱ˳Ŀԡ
̫ˣ
ֵý
¹ԭҰֵߵߵؾڰһ¡
Ϊϳѧ֮ǰ¹ԭҰͺ¹˵粻Է¹һѧûȥǱ÷ֱӽ˳
һͿְˡ
¹׶ϰˣ棬ȻԼȥϴ֣ϴ¹ԭҰְ֣ʲô
¹ôһʣ¹ԭҰͻȻŶС¹Сڵ緹ûпʼء
ڲǸʱ
¹ԭҰ˸룬ȥſڵķͰ棬װһİ׷潽˾ףȻԱߣ¡
׷µʱ䣬¹ԭҰȥһյյƵģ治ֻۣ¹ԭҰŪֱ̫շۣʹ˵ϵıˮ˾С
Сдҵְҵдˣܳˡ¹ԭҰһæһ߶ԽСں¹˵š
¹׿˼ͳĲˣее̲סһ뵽ְ˵ģֿˡ
¹ԭҰĶͦģСȻ鷳һ㣬˾ȴܿ졣
϶֮ǰ׼˵ġ
ȵ׷ŵֵʱ򣬾ܹˣ¹ԭҰ֣һݲ˾һӣһǰŵġ
Сӻûôã¹ԭҰýСں¹ȳ˾
ʵ˵ŶӶűķдҵǺѰһ顣
¹׺ͽСڲȥǱ÷ˣ̲ס֮ǰ¹ԭҰ˾ˡ
¹ԭҰͦڵģصذ˾˻״г˾԰ڳһ仨״
رӣ˾ŷۺɫӣۣ֮󣬾һÿķۻ
Сں¹ڶӶˣûôʲộӼһ
ȻˣΪ˾ֵߵӣСں¹ǵһѡľ
ĺó
Ǻͨ˾ϣƹϣܲܲɣз
ʹõɳȻһȦӣˡ
Թ˾˶֪ʵ˾ûʲôζҲǿźÿȻó԰ˡ
һڣʵӣִζζˬĻƹϺͺܲܲɺзӲʵ׷һҧ飬һھܳԵеʳģеʳ׽Ȼϣںɳ
Ȼͨ˾ȣͶһȦӣۣӣ۵Ĵڸһ㶼˾ֵ˾һζ
ӣеǱ׷ڻһ֣׷ȥζǻһ֣Կ״׷м䡣
ڳʱ򣬿ԺԵظоҧǵĿڸУһ˲ը΢ֻһ˲Ȼͱںˡ
˼ͳΣǿ¹׺ͽСڳ˾ֻܹǹĶգɫζУֻռһɫӣ
ζֳԲš
ǿ¹׺ͽСڵӣǲˡ
˼Լһ¶ţ¹ףС¹ҿŸ㻻һ˾𣿡
ʵһ˾ŵļš
¹׻ǴӦˣһ֣
εĶһ㣬˼¹׽ɹˣҲóԼļţ¹׽С¹Ҳܻ𣿡
ѾˣһСڡ


119 
СڵȻû, óԼѡһʣȻҲѡֵߵӣ
һӣ, ǷҲˣֱһڰӣԵ
ӣĲ, ʵ¹ԭҰӵö, , ۼȻͶࡣ
һӣ, ܹɵһڳԵСӿܾҪڣ˼ͳ̰ĵһڳԵ
Ϲ
óԵ˵ˣ
С¹ְ̫ˣ
ȻôóԵ˾
СѧԱߣ˾, ˾Ķ۾עˣǵĿ˿ͲЩѧ
ȻСѧ, в˳г, гҽԺʲô, ҲǸСġ
˻ͦģ˾Ŀ˿ҪЩ, Ӻӷѧļҳǡ
˼ͳεȻҲǳԹ˾ģǲÿ˾ԹҪǰʲô
繺ô, ʲôܹõ
˾߻˾Ҳһ
Щҳ˾˾Լ۱ȲߣͻԼ˲ϻ, Ϊͼ㣬Ǵ󶼻ֱӹϰõĲϰ
ʲôˡ
Լڼɵ˾
˾϶˾, ƹϺܲɺͻȳ¹ԭҰӣ
ǻֻڵܹõ
˼ͳγԹ򵥵˾ûԹķɫ˾˷ɫ˾Ư֮⣬ûԹҲѡҪԭ
ɫӣ˾Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
˼ͳξһ˾ܳԵö࣡
ĽС¹Ŷ
ȻְѾӻϰˣÿ춼С¹ЩóԵģ̫Ľˣ
ʱ¹ԭҰǱߵСҲˣСװ棬ˢսټɳȻһ㺣̦ۣľ㻨
õСӳ̵ģľ㻨һȥȿʼˡ
ӷм䣬¹ԭҰһ䣬С̣ԵʱҪСһ֪𣿼μκҲɡ
˵꣬¹ԭҰͻȥ˾Сˣô¹ͽСڶԣο¹ԭҰͰأ
ýС
ϱӤϣȥڳʲôɣ
ѽѽؽţҶæû˴
¹ԭҰһӣԱ߿žѧˣҲһ¹ԭҰСӣûԶ˸ιһ顣
һԣϿˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôǼҳǶˣ
ǿ϶ܳԵģ
Ӥٻҳ
û취ֻܹӣհϱϾͿʼˡ
ĸ㲻ϵǰɾݣԵĶȻٳιԼ
𨵱Ȼ٣Ťͷܹ֮󣬵ݸһɡ
ľֻһ㣬ָ׸ǴСûС
Ҳ⣬ӹ
ܲܳҲ֪֪ܳԵĶ֮ǰᱻҳٳģмҳڵη壡
ɵζģ˵̰ɣ̫񣬸һζ
ǵһγζúܣôһɣરһ¾ʽȥˣ˻Ҫ
ˣǸ棬һģƻƵľǸղԵǸ
İ𨣬ȻָָװɵǸ룬˼˵Ǻȷˣ
Ҫԣ
ɲܸԣ¹ԭҰ֮ǰû뵽Ըʳõͨɡ
ӤԵɣҪرע⣬Լ
ѣҪǲ̫̼ĶһξͿˡ
һֱҪ¹ԭҰӰ𨻳Ͻ˹ӤϣȻǰţ̷࣬ķ
ϵעǸزð졣
¹ԭҰһ㣬ڷм䣬һѹ轺ӣԼ档
ܳԶٳԶ٣ˡ
ڻץӣӦÿѧˡ
ϵעɹشתƵ˷ϣֻҪó⡣
¹ǵעҲָһСӡ
˼ͳϾͼһСӣļǶ¹ԭҰСӺ̵ģһҧȥϱ˸š
̲ס˲˳
û˼³һС黹ܿ㶡;Ĳˡ
˼⻹̵һ֣ҧһ飬һ鶼ûҧͱ̵ͷӴŵǸСӣ滹ӡء
¹׺ͽСڣΪ˾ովͳһӣݲ˾ͼ˾ûгأ
ǻǱȽ¹ԭҰĻ֪̣Դһԣȳݲ˾
ݲ˾ӵĶϾǺ˾һǶһݲˡ
ݲ˵Ĵڸгǿң
ϳһݲ˵ζûпտڳݲζôǿʳĻ׷кһֵġ
ݲ˵࣬ݲ˾ζʳģǱԼĿڸеͬʱݲ˵ζ
һЩڸбȽһģͱзʵͳԲ̫ˡ
ݲ˾óԵġ
ݲ˾ζͱȽǿˣ¹ԭҰûӽΪԹˣɳݲ˾ϲݲ˾ζ
ȻǼ˾
˾˴İ¶ţܹԵ漦ֿڸУҲǲģ˾ȸµĻӣ˾һȻݲ˾Ǽ˾
Ȼ¹׺ͽСڵĸ˹۵㡣
˾ȻҪԻûԵСӿ
ڿԳ¹еżˡ
Ťͷȥ¹ԭҰȻͿ¹ԭҰһӣںͰСӡ
ǵСӣǸճ̵̹ġ
Ⲣǳ԰
̾ʹ£
˻ܱ
ݲҧĻÿӼпСӵȶȫ棬п֮΢ڣȻ̵ģʱѾӰʳˡ
ȳһڣۣΪ¹ԭҰҪǮһط˺ܶϣĲˣ㣬Уġ
ģĲģǵģ۵ġ
ս֭ɳֻ֣֭ܺóԣ
¹׿˰ְֳԵķˣԼҲһ飬ǳԵСˡ
СӵĻСѧԱûطû¹ԭҰҲ֪APPûš
ԽСʵûгԹ
¹ԭҰϴѧʱԹô˵ء
óԡ
Ѿ߰ˣǸʱʵڱһ㣬¹ԭҰڽͷһСӵС̯
ʵҲǵһγԣǰֻƵ濴Ͳˣһֱû
οСӣϾ͹ȥˡ
ô˵ء
ʮǮš
ԲҲûж٣ȫСӵĵζӵЩǡ
¹ԭҰҲ֪Ϊʲôͺѳԡ
̦ۺľ㻨˼˼һ㣬ͺǷŶ˻һġ
Ǵεͺ⡣
¹ԭҰΨһһԵСӣȻǰʱСӵֹ˳ˡ
ˣҲܵɡ
ȻҲˣˣ¹ԭҰͷǱߣһֱû𣬶ˣֱ쿴һƵͻȻġ
һγԣЧͺܲ¹ԭҰԼֱա
¹Ҳðְְա
Իǵóԣ¹һһСӣһһ˾ܿ죬ͽСڵӾͿˡ
һ˾ǵķȫġ
˾Ͷܵ¹ԭҰԱߣ¹ԭҰæ˾ˡ
˾֡
¹׺ͽСڶ׷һӣ˾رҪϰ¶ţȻҪݲ˾ҲҪš
Ӵ𣬻԰Сһ
¹ԭҰȻǵģ˸Ӽŵӣ˾ݲ˾
Сǻû꣬˵ȻҲҪ׷ӵġ
¹ԭҰ˾ʱ¹׺ͽСھȥСӣ¹ԭҰ˾ö˹ǸպðСӣĶûȥͺغţְ/˾ˣһҪСӡ
ҲԱߴ֣ӣͦŶƤѽѽغš
ǰţ̷࣬ǣûУҲ֪׳˶١


120 
¹ԭҰһʳ, רīϷۣڹɵһֱ
ָ಻ǳԣ, ܺóԡ
ֱڲгܹõζ൱
һֻī, ʵҲͦģĻ̫˷, ֱ˳ԵĻ˻ѽȳζ
īĻȳζ漣ؼٺܶ࣬óԡ
رī㵰ī, ɫī㵰QQģζ
¹ԭҰһ㶼ֱӴӲгؼҳ˳Եģǽֻ㣬Ҳкֱܶ࣬˳԰ɣ̫, ¹׺ͽСڹƶԡ
¹ԭҰԼʵҲ̫ܽܡ
ֱ¹ԭҰԣ¹׺ͽСҲԣ಻̫࣬ɱ֮󣬿ܻһٵġ
һǿǿһ˾͡
¹ԭҰԼ˰ɡ
¹׺ͽСѧ, ¹ԭҰͰѼ˷۵ŵȥˣ֮ͿгС, Ƿ޷Ƿ۲ˣʲôӣֱӵԡ
¹ԭҰѡǵ
ҲһС룬Ҳ̣¹ԭҰԼС룬վڳǸ棬ʳһؾͳˡ
Ȼżзݵԭ¹ԭҰʵʹҪҪġ
ǰԼ˵Ҫ¹ԭҰȻֻܶ
һ˳ԶʳдһΣ¹ԭҰ´λȥгī˴һ԰ɡ
ī۸Ҳ󣬱󣬱ţˣһ뵽һֻīҲֻôһ࣬һī֪Ҫīɡ
۸ʵܽˡ

ͿҪˣĹѧУǵ＾˶ᣬӦûᶨڹż֮ǰ
Ȼڹǰ죬¹Ǿʹ˶֪ͨйżٵİš
¹ֵ꼶εСѣûвμ˶ʸ꼶μ˶ʱһ꼶ֱӷżٻؼҡ
Ȼˣ¹ԭҰעҲֻ
ʵùעѧУķżٰš
СѧѧǸѧУ
ΪԷѧ϶ѧУСҪҪǸѧУķżٰġ
£һ㶼Ƿ죬ǸĻǿܻҪвΣ¹ԭҰȻǮҪǵķżٰ
ʱ¹ԭҰռ˸꼶ϢֻҪʵѧУļڰžͿˡ
Сѧ͸һ߶һֻ죬εʱ䣬¹ԭҰҲѧǱʵˡ
ΪѧֻĻͲô鷳ˣ¹ԭҰǳԾˣֻٷʱѣò̹æ
¹ԭҰֱӸ̷żˡ
С٣̾Ȼܵɰ̵ĶӻжϱĽˡ
Сٰ
Ȼż٣ǵļǴۿ۵ģȻ죬ǷٵǰĩҪġ
Ҳ˵ʵֻ졣
ҪҲܵʵʵڵĹСٵĻһĿ˾ͿԳȥˣ
˹˶ỹйżٵ֪ͨ¹׻һϢǹѧУȤġ
һ꼶ÿѧǱ꼶ѧҪһڿ
ڽʽһ꼶СԲüȻ꼶ѧ԰ԼԸѧУȤࡣ
һĸֱ࣬ǳѺͿ٣鷨Χġ
ʦڰ༶˵һ飬úԼȥͼҳۣԸģǱǲûӰġ
ȻʦڼҳȺ淢һ顣
¹ԭҰˣ飬ʵνģ˵Ȥõʦ
Ϳ¹ѧʲô
Ҳͱֳ˲ڻϵȤģ¹ԭҰڵû
¹һؼҾ¹ԭҰ뱨ʲô
Ⱑ
¹ԭҰҪǿʦ֪ͨᣬⲻԼȥѧΪʲô뱨ʲô
Ҳ֪뱨ʲô¹һᣬֲ˽ЩȤ֪࣬ʲôлȤͺˡ
ϲĻҲԲѧУģѧУࡣ¹ԭҰν¹뱨ͱ£һҪǰ˵ãҪѧҪ֣ȻЩѾȫ˷˰
¹صͷ
Աؿһ£ʵ
Ѻ鷨һһ㣬ΧҲһ㣬ŵĻҽС¹Ӧû⡣
ʶôãôܵĹϵˣ¹ԭҰȻ֪ôŶյġ
Ҳ֣¹ԭҰҲôٵˣʶ֮󣬼Ϊˣڰ˯֮ǰʵҲͽһ¡
ưֻǻһɣԽһ£û飬ˣҲû˵
ҪǽͻȻ˵𨻹ľˡ
ϾҲܾûùЩˡ
Ҳ֪ڻ᲻᣿
һ뵽Ҫ¹ף𨻹еţ֪Լֺܱܲá
һ͵͵һ°ɡ
ǱߣѾĸʱο͵͵ϰ֪¹׸ûѡΧ廹鷨
֪ԼϲϲأȻҪӴ֮˵
Ϊ˽⣬¹ԭҰȥصƵΧ鷨Ͼͱ¹׸ˣϲǾ
ѺͿ٣¹ѡĸ
¹ԭҰ¹Աһ³ѧʵġ
ЩһģȫСӵߡ
¹ԭҰҲôһ䣬Źţ֪˼
Ȼ˵ɣ¹ԭҰҲ֪ùС¹ϣǣߵģҲǱȽϱ˵֡
˵ʵ¹ԭҰСʱСѧǻѧУѾʼˣ໹ͦģʲôСŰ˹й֮ġ
ʱ¹ԭҰûȥǺڰ༶ϿΣЩѧͬѧ뿪¹ԭҰͲĽ
Ҳȥѧ
ܵĳĵʲô¹ԭҰھͼǵСʱѧûѧɡ
ԱϹҪȿﻹĴָ٣¹ԭҰˣ¹ԭҰһ·أ뻹ͦģҾܵ
Ȼ¹ԭҰҲû¹˵
¹׾ǳѺͿ٣ȿﻹĴָʲôϵ
¹ԭҰͰĵȿ¡
ݻûеȵ¹ԭҰȵһλѧİΡ
Ȼʲô¡
ʵӵģѧǵ˶ʱ䣬ҲǺСѧ˶ʱһģڲμ˶˶ԱǣѧУаŵĵģһ鵰⡣
λΣǰ˶ԱͣϾ˶ԱҲΪǰŬ
ǰ˶Ա˶ʲô
һ˸˶ԱС¹Сĺ跹ʣµˣȻûгԹС¹ҵĺ跹ǶС¹Һ跹Ҳжš
Ҳ˵˸ʵûʲô
ξǴС¹С֮󣬲¹ԭҰæһ¡
˵ĺ跹˶Ҫġ
С¹СȻ˵ɢλε̬ȺܳϿңɢɢʵǿ¹ԭҰ
ڲܾǾʹӦˡ
ڣȻָ˶λξֺǺǵ뿪ˡ
˶ᵱ죬ʮʱλξ͹÷ˣŷصѧУǰ˸˶ԱѾڰ༶ˡ
㣬༶˲࣬ѧУǿѧμ˶ᡣ
㲻˶ԱҲҪڡ
ЩûбѧҪôڲٳǱ߿ҪôȥСʳҵطȥˡ
ʣµļܾڽ洵ŷֻɡ
ѧУҴֻ
һţ˸˶ԱϾΧˣһһģ°ô·һȲؽӹķ
Ҳǡ
ÿ˶õһݷĺ跹Ѿ˵ģװڿͺ棬ԹС¹Һ跹ģһڣϾ֪϶С¹ң
Ǽζ
ϳԵͷҲ̧
̫лˣ
ȻС¹ҵĺ跹
ѧǶʼˣҲһݣʱصضԼǷݣ˵С¹СжóԶóԣһ£С¹Сжóԣ


121 
˸˶Ա, һΣһǾŷݲͣǵŸ˶Լһ֮, 澹Ȼʣһݣ
˶ԱǳԷʱ򣬰༶治ֹֻǰ˸, ѧ
˸˶ԱС¹Сĺ跹Ͱβסеļ, ʼС
رûгԹС¹ҵˡ
һֱ߶߶С¹ҵĺ跹᲻ֹ̫֮ġ
Ҿô󣬾ԶҲ, ر˸˶ûҪص˼
ͺܺθ˶Աʲô緹һС¹ҵʱ򡭡
мѾʼˣ֪μ˶ỹܹԵ͵С¹ңǿ϶˰
ںֻؿŰ˸˶ԱԷ
ڵʳ޲ĹȫһӵԺˣͷŷס˵, һֱϵ˵óԺóԣһֱԱߵͬѧҫ
ݳɷĸ֡
Ǹ壬ȻƽʱҲʲôػθڴ飬ҲǷҪػеġ
¹ԭҰװʱ򣬰Լͷһ£ôһз
˳ǳԲ
˵ǰ跹, ҪְȽϺóԣ֮¹ԭҰóһ, ѷͲ˵
ҪҲǿǵڿͺ棬̫װ衣
ò˵¹ԭҰ治ǸСģڷⷽ棬ģ֮ǰ˵Ǿŷݷ¹ԭҰ͸ոպð˾ŷݡ
α¹ԭҰܲ׷һݵģڿ¹ԭҰԱߣһЩûзں跹ϡ
ڵʱͱˣ¹ϰЩǸʲôõģ
οԱֺںĽһź⽴һͿ̫ˣ࣬ӣ֮ġ
Сʲôġ
ЩǺ跹ûеġ
ֲʲôܣ¹ԭҰ˳ͻشˡ
ҲͦһʱûгԹ跹
еˡ
̫Ժİ跹ԶǱߵİ跹
׼ȷ˵Ҳǰ跹ɣӦǲ˰
Ҳͦ򵥵ģǰ׷࣬⽴ӣףСкˣϲüӣҲǡ
Щ֮ðײ˰ǶĲ˰¹ԭҰͷڱȽϷģֻˣʹ˰ˡ
Լԣô࣬óԾˡ
¹ԭҰ˵ԭټһݺ跹ģıˣһֶ˰
ʣµǷݷ˰ˡ
ֻһ˰װһͺУھͳĺ跹Ϳʼ˰ˡ
˰ȻѾ˰ˣȫͽţΪ¹ԭҰһ㱣Ĥ
ҲɾһЩ
˺˱ĤȲؾҧһڣǽһ㰡
ģȻ˵ǰ跹Ǻ跹ĵζ˰ĵζȫͬ
һǵ͵ĺζһǶ꽴ŨŨ㡣
ҪӣӼϴС׽һˣ˳⣬ԽԽóԡ
һҧȥ׷࣬ӣףСʲôĶˡ
ζںϳ֣óѽ
̫ϵϷˣͷһγֶ˰ôһڣͰζ
˰ȭͷҪһȦ
ǰڵ˰һԣ
뵽ʵξеˡ
ϣкܶڳԲƵΰѶԵ˿ž;úóԣѾΪһѧʡ
ڲóԵĶһܱȽѡ
ǶڱͺζʳֻҪǱųȻͻ¶
һˣͨͨسŶһı飬ǰѻûԷͬѧˡ
ΪղȥСЩʳڶӲųԷҲ̲סĲ˰ˡ
С¹СɢǶѾ֪ˣθղҲ˵ˣС¹ϰͽһε´βˣǾڹȥҲŵġ
С¹ҵĺ跹򲻵Ĳ˰ܿ򵽰ɣ
Ǹ¿ʲô
ô֪
β˵ѧʰΣ򵽣ڸĻҲȥ򼸸緹
ӰǱߵ֪ܺóԵĲ˰С¹Сʱ򡭡
ѧǰ˸˶ԱȫһԲۡ
С¹Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ΪһСڱְôҲˣȻ漰
ֻһ˰ɫСԡ
С¹СҪ㼸㣿
ҶС¹СŲȶΪȫûκϣС¹СʽЩ
ǼȻ͸Ͻ
ǵʱ϶һ
ÿξͻǣֲǳԣҲ̫˰ɣ
ΪһҪ
ͬѧ̲סһʣС¹¹磬ڿ
¹ԭҰ֪ǵ⣬϶˵ûС
㣬ڿģһӶڿġ
ûݣѾŬ˺òã
ڰǳԷʱ¹ԭҰҲڳԷ
˶ĵһ죬һ꼶żˣϰûʲôϵ
¹ǵϰࡣ
С¹СǵӪҵ
û˿С¹ͰѽС͵¹ԭҰæ졣
Ȼڵʱ䣬¹׺ͽСԼ˼ǣѾѧУȥˡ
¹ԭҰŲǣֵɣ˷ҲûнѧУץ˵˼
¹ˣԼԷġ
¹ԭҰôţȻͰԲ˰
ȻǸ跹Ǵ˰ģ¹ԭҰ֣İ跹ǲҲóԡ
һȥ㡣
ǱߣҲ࣬һһСӵӣССһ͸һһϼһԵҲǻ졣
̿ڵʱ䣬Ѿƽʱѧʱˣ˼ûлͳֻһ˼ĵ绰ֱԷˡ
һĸС˽ʵղҲһ棬̵绰ʱҲ֪ǳԷ˵ʱˣҲԼؼҳԷȥˡ
ǶԼˣȻ극֮УſڼϣҪȥѧУ档
¹׽¹ԭҰ˳ִԱߵˣڱĤϣŪһõ׷棬Ҳͼʮʱ䣬һ˰ˡ
¹ԭҰû¹ԼѡҪԺһһأĶ˰
¹ԭҰ跹ʱ򣬼ûмӶ࣬΢еζ֡
ͰȫܹܵģС¹ӦҲǿԵġ
ǽСڵĻ̫ȷСڵǴǿԵġ
¹׾һ£˿Ĳˣֿ˿ְĶ˰˵СӲѡ񣬴ȫҪ
¹ھȫҪˡ
ְҿѡ𣿡¹еС̰ġ
ƲɼãǸʵĻҲǲа
¹ԭҰܳԵ𣿡ʱԲӲŻ˶ӣҪȻȳһ˰֮پô
¹׿һ¹ԭҰ취شӦˡ
СҲһľ
¹ԭҰĲ˰¹ףȻҨһװ跹ýСȳζܲܽܡ
ܽܵĻٵŪһݡ
СһھͳԽȥˣǳζúóˣûȥͲסغ¹ԭҰ˵һ㶼
һǲܵģٻǴȡ
СھǾζóԣҲͱ˲˵൱Ψˡ
¹ԭҰĲ˰ͱһȭͷ΢һ㣬ȻȥǺܴ󣬵ͨСһͳԱˡ
¹׺ͽСڳԼǸʱѡƼõѡȥǱ÷ˡ
ǳһ˰¹׺ͽСڻٳһô죿
ٳһĻ¹׺ͽСڣͳԲǱߵķˡ
ô죿Ҫôѡ
¹׾ѡ˰
ԵЩˣ¹ǰԹˣ¹׻ԵĻȫԷżְһΣǶ˰ǵһԡ
¹׻ûԹأ


122 
Сأ¹ԭҰתͷȥʽСڡ
Сȷʵ̫ܳ, ¹ԭҰĸ治ɫȣСڲųһ̲סʼˡ
, ¹ԭҰ˵ҪĻ, ԲóԵġ
ǽСӲ˵ȻȥǱ߶һ, һߺһ߳Բ˰
¹ԭҰһʵѾиֱˡ
ѡԷĻҲܸ̫ķһڵ, ȻѲ˳ӦþͲˡ
ңҲѡ˰С˵ʱ򣬻
¹װѽСһ˵Ļȥˣʱ򣬽Сھ͸ı⣬ҪǱߵķ
СһǴʲôpy, ¹ԭҰ뿴ʲôǾͿСȥһûмӷĲ˻
ʱ¹Ҳ¹ԭҰҪ󣬰Ƿݲ˰ò˵г룬һø˽Сڡ
ȻСѧţûзĲ˾ͷм, һڲ˰һڹK⣬һڲ˰, ٳһں㡭
Сӻͦġ
Ƽõİ취
¹׾Լ̫ˡ
ֱö˰˴׷Եˡ
ĹKóѽ
ⳬ飬ûд̣¹׼һ飬մմ֭һڳԵ´̻ζ
ȻҲ׷ϳԡ
Ψһźһ˰ɡ
Ȼķܺóԣ¹׺ͽСڳԱ֮󣬾ͣ֡
óԵĶʱܳԣҪΪһٰѶӳԻˣļɾֻܺˣ
Ȼ߲Ƥ࡭ܺúȡ
¹Ҳһ쵽ֻܺࡣ
ͬ극˼гΣĸܳȥˡ
¹ԭҰſʼԶһݲˣ;˽粻ѧԵģȻûԼǷݡ
ϣͻȻиҳ¹ԭҰ΢ţ˵ǼҺ粻ˡ
˵ʱ¹ԭҰĲѾˣҲˣ͵ſʼˣҺӲԵĻζһݲˡ
óһ棬鷳ֱ˳ԵȽϷ㡣
¹ԭҰԵݣôġ
ѾˣǸ˵ǲѧֹˡ
ҪǶԷ΢һķ󲿷˶ˣ̸հһݲ˸ѧ׼ѿ˵ĲõϴˣѧŹ
¹ԭҰûԭʲô
˶Ѿˣܲܲ԰ɡ
׷ʣһЩ˰ĲҲУǿԸ
ѧԸĻ¹ԭҰҲû취
ѧҲ֪Լ⣬ûж
ʯҶԼǷݷ¹ԭҰǸѧ˵Ļ˰
ʲô
ûԹó
˿ĺ͹K⣬ʯҶǰԹһѧڳһΣζܺãʯҶڻǵá
ҪҪ֪ζȥδ֪Ķ˰أ
ʯҶܾᡣ
ȻˣҪ²ȿӿˡ
ҪٲĻǸѧ͸¹Զ˰ˣ
ǧһ֮ʣʯҶ˼ֻܴһ¹һ£Ȱ˵
ʲô𣿡
ǸѾ˺סˣҲ˰ɣʯҶ˵¹ݷøܸȥԶ˰𣿡
¹ԭҰҪṩһݶ˰ġ
ݲ˰˭ʯҶλѧ顣
λѧӦĻ¹ԭҰνġ
λѧһ£ӦʯҶĽȻʯҶõ˰ÿȭͷô
¹еĲϻϰãֳǸ״̬Ȼ˰
ʯҶ֪˰ζԲˣ
ԵģŽϲһ˰תһ룬ʵҲǿ԰Ѳ˰ȥѧУԵ
ѧУֲץʳ
ڹϯϣһ߳Զһ߿ֻҪ֤ĻѧУܵġ
һǸʯҶ
˶Ǽ˶Աǣŵڹϯϣһ˰Ĳٳиһݵζ
ˣ۵Ŀ⡣
׶ˣ
ôؾˣ
Ҫ緹ȥѧУԡ
ʯҶԼ޷˰·ϽһԵһڵʱʯҶջȥ¹ԭҰˡ
˰Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
ȫ԰
ʯҶԼ·Ͼ̲ס˰ȫˣ
ǰѲ˰ȥѧУ
Ϊ뿴ĽҪȻԲӣ
ǵ¹Ķ˰ʱķӦƽʯҶȫһʯҶˡ
ش˵ûԹ¹Ķ˰֪òóԣΪʲôҪĽ㣿
ڶʯҶüƣ
⼤ƭڳԵġ
ʯҶȫϵ˱ĤһһڣȭͷôĲ˰
ͱһһڳˡ
ȫݲȥˣȥͺʯҶŤһ
һƴҪҧһڣһҧΪ˶ԱҪȥˣŽⳡˡ
УʯҶкüζʧȥԼζĲ˰ܿĽ۹⣡
öֵõģ
˰ó԰
Ҳ֪ܼܲԼķ˰

˶ڼ䣬¹ԭҰȴѾõĿڵˡ
Ĵָٺȿ
ĸһݣһ۾ͿǸĴָ١
Ȼ۸񲻹󣬵Ĵָٵ㣬һ¹ͷĻо͸һ¹Ƶġ
ϼм䣬Ҷ¹ԭҰȷһ½̳̣ȻŽ̵̳һ£һɫĴָٵɫܿ顣
Ʒ˵¹ʵ
¹ԭҰȫûоⲢ档
Ӳ˵Ļ¹ԭҰʵҲѧһʱֿʦ˿٣ÿѧҪ¹ԭҰǸŴһѧڣͶˡ
ս̳̣΢Ϥһ׵λãȻĿİصȻ϶Ĳ£ΪĴָٵɫҲ
¹ԭҰ֣¹ԭҰΪ֧ţĴָ٣¹ԭҰ浯š
¹ԭҰһЩ츳ģ˰СʱɣѾܹһˣ¹ԭҰҪˣ
һ˵ţ
ȥģ¹׵Ȳסˡ
ְְְ֣ܸһ𣿡
¹ԭҰĴָٵʱ¹׺ͰҲоȿ
ȿѶȣĴָٸһ㣬¹׺Ͱ𨻹˽أ¹ԭҰ߾Ѿʼˡ
ɶʼˡ
¹עɲͱ
Ա߿һǽһ۲ر¹ԭҰɵʱ¹ֺ˼㡣
棡
¹ԭҰ᲻أ벻ΪʲôЩ
С¹Ӵֵ壬ʵȴٸԼġ
¹ԭҰôһ°ɣ
ааɣʱС¹һɡ
СһﵱȻҲǸĴָˣھǰ¹ԭҰоȿ
֮ǰ˵С¹ŵģԼȥ˽һ£ǻ˽һ㡣
ǵӺȿﲻһӲܹȿ
¹ԭҰͰо˰졣
Ȼ󡭡
¹ԭҰŵϾͽ⿪ˡ
¹ԭҰȿˣԺֻĴָˡ
С¹ӴֵĿģҲﵽˣ¹ڶĴָٲŨȤСȥѧУ￴˵ıˣ¹ԭҰĴָ١
¹ԭҰٲҪôͶߣҲڱСǰװһ¡
ҪֻС¹Сڣ¹ԭҰԲҪ˺ô
Ĵָ߸Ĺ¹׽СڻǼСֵĺ档
СڻûаȤʸ񣬲ļСѣѾѧУȤˡ
Ψһǡ
ǲȤĴָ٣ѧУ濪ģֻгѺͿ
¹ǡ
ѡĴָٰ
΢һĴžǿ˰ɣٻһһ
СǾѡ˿١
ȤͿʼˣ꼶ЩȤͬѧÿһѧ֮󣬻Ҫһڿεʱ䣬ȥȤ࣬ķѧʱú꼶Ĳࡣ
ûȤͬѧǺԭһ
˱仯ֺûб仯


123 
¹˵, 仯УǶЩС仯Ӱʲô
һȥѧ, һѧͿԳԷˣǺƽʱһԷ֮ǰдѵʱҵдꡣ
¹ױ˿٣ΪٺĴָٶ, ӦǲĶ, ȻһȥϿΡ
¹׿ٵĿʱ, ʲôһ֮, ֮ǧ
ȫһ
һˣ
һģһģΪʲô٣
¹׾ͺܲ, Ǳ, Ǹѧ, оԼƭ˵¹ףֻܻؼҶ൯һĴָˡ
Ҳ˿, һ, ֱһȤ࣬ÿ춼һߵġ
Ƿѧ, ҪȥС̫дҵ
ΪҪȥѧ, дҵʱͬѧ˵һڿΣһڿζѧʲôǶڳκҪ
ҵ
С̫꼶ʦûа취óڶ εϰˡ
߲õϰ, һ㶼ǰղͬ༶Ͽνģвͬҵͬһ꼶õС״ԪһõĿͬѧ
дС״ԪģС̫߾ͬѧдͬѧģС״Ԫ
ÿ˶ϵԼϿεĽȣȻÿдһЩȻ󴩲һЩִдͿ֮ҵ
Ͽ棬õͬѧϰǽ˸ãûҲͲǶٲͬѧϰͺҪˡ
һʮûġ
һ׻ǿϰξټ϶꼶Ѷȿʼٶеˡ
־ĳɼʼСȵ»
Ŀǰʱ仹̣ʱûб
ÿ춼¹һȥѧ٣ڿٵȤܿԼС飬ֺ˼
ѧϰٵĻԷǳߡ
С̫Ŀμ䣬ͳ¡

ԣҲ˶ʱ¹ԭҰ˺跹Լ˰İΡ
Թˡ
ôȥˣԶǸ˰һֱ
Ȼǿ¹ԭҰọ̈̄ͷкܶˮֵġ
ԾͿ¹ԭҰͷ˺öֲϣЩеǲ̫ˣܼǵõĺ࣬׷׺Сˡ
ˣ⽴
֪ʲôԼڼܹƳ
ԾͲһڣĥŸҲ˸˰
˵ζôɣ˵֮кһ졣
ˣҲڲ˰¶õĲҲȫǰȫģôкأ
ѵûϴɾ
԰Լϴġ
ҲûԹ˰ôһξأ
԰˼⡣
˰жٺóԣ¹ԭҰһ֮˺ü;ܹˡ
˰ĲϣҲ¹ԭҰõЩԼϲʲôʲô
¹ԭҰϲ⣬ͿЩ⣬˰⽴Ｙ⣬ҲԹӻȳ弦
Чܲ⽴ǲͬĸо
¹ԭҰ⽴ѡõǴƤ廨⣬ͷ⻹ƤĲҪֿгСȻһ𷭳϶꽴֮ĵζϾˡ
ʱԲ÷̫ͣ廨ķⲿڳƵĹУԶͻ֬
⽴ζʮ㣬ɿڣԷڰˮ浱ӣԺ׷һɷųԡ
Ȼ⽴¹ԭҰ⽴ȴẠֱ̊́ÿĩԣҲȫûġ
һ㶼ˮһ塣
пڸУе㣬ڸղųĹУ֬˳ڱС˺ö࣬ҲһڵĽ㡣
ֵó޵ģƤĲˡ
ƤܹŴqǺ˻ע⵽Ƥ⽴бʲôĿڸС
qģǲŴнȫͬĿڸУֱ⽴Сʵ
¹ԭҰϲġ
ǺôĲϻһɶĲ˰ҲܹطֱƤĿڸС
ҧһ˲䣬͸ҵ˱һ
ȻＹ⣬ȳͼ弦ЧҲ¹ԭҰ⽴ĵλǲġ
ϲЩģȫ԰һӽǾԲܰ⽴ȥ⽴ǵ㾦֮ʰ
⽴¹ԭҰĲˡ
¹ԭҰĸ˿ζ˵ĻԼϲþͿˡ
¹ҲǸų˺ü
ͽС˵Լÿ϶ԳԵְĲ˰ʱ򣬽СǽһĽ
Ҳϳ
Сڵͣÿ¹ȥѧʱ·ϽģҲ˵رóʲôģҲѳԣͨͨõġ
СĽһͿӣ¹׸˸⣬ҪȻСҼסɣ㲻Ұְ𣿡
˵¹ԭҰͣʵҲȻ
⼸ôڿͣȫΪ˰򵥣ټڻںͶ˰ڡ
ǰһ׼÷ڱ棬ȵڶҪԵʱóһ£Ȼٰ˰ˡ
ҪƽʱĻ¹ԭҰһֱ¹ȥųԣ˳㺰¹װԼͰһݡ
뽪С¹ףѾǵǰ¹Ц˵СǼҵĺӣʱ¹׻ҷˡ
ڣϵĳ֣¹Ѿʶˣְİְ裬Ϊκˣòİְ衣
СںĶţȥ¹ˣ˵ܲסھ˾˼ңԺ¹һ˯
⻰˵ãѾʲôˣͲ¹ͷˡ
¹ԭҰҲԱ壬Ц˵¹ѽС͸ˡ
Ͷǲ͵ģǿýС¹ԭҰסһ
Сû뵽边ȻӦĵġ
ǽСڵһ뿪裬Ϥľ˾˼ңиܺõС¹ڣǽСϻˡ
¹ԭҰסһϣСھʰؼȥˡ
Ѿһʱû¹˯ǰ£СڻȥϣҪ¹˯ǰСˡ
»ĩ¹ԭҰǻذҵʱ¹·ϿЦ¹ԭҰ˵ġ
Сڱ˵ˣͣ˵ˡ
ʱ۵趼Ѿ˵ˡ
˵˵ЦЦؽ˼ţڵʱ䣬Ѿˣ˵ϰߣѾˣҲϴɾˡ
¹ԭҰȴڿ˿ˡ
Ҳȫǿˣ¹̡
Ϊǰ飬¹ԭҰǺܴ¹Ǳߵˣ¹̻ɩ¹̵ŮǼ˵˵Цͣˡ
¹ԭҰֱϣ¹ְ¹˵һʹܿ
֪֮ǰ˺ˣڴõദʽӡ
¹ԭҰ뵽¹ιΪġ
˷֮͹ˣȻһֱȵڣǵȵ¹ԭҰˡ
¹軹΢Ⱥ¹ԭҰʲôʱܵң¹ڼֻ¹ԭҰʱ¹˵û¹跢Ϣ
Ҫ֪Ļ¹ԭҰ϶ܿ
˺˵ˣ治
ʵεġ
εֻ¹ԭҰһ¹̿ȫΣͺǰǼһ
Сԭ˰ԹûУҪȻȳԷ˵ɡ¹ؾͺһ
¹ԭҰƤˣ;¹ǻǸꡪûģҶѾԹˣʲôֱ˵ɡ
Ҿֱ˵˰ɡ˵¹̵ĶӣҲ¹ԭҰı硣
ʵ¹ԭҰһġ
ŮǮӨҲҽҩ¼ǣˣѾʼѧУҹһʱˡ
ѧУԱ߸һ䣬ÿܶ˯һ
Ҳ֪ѧУԱаȫĳⷿһ¹ԭҰ֪֪ܸܲһ
¹˵ʱ򣬾廰ˣǱӰ
ʵ飬Ǯ¹ԭҰǮӨҸȫĳⷿͦ򵥣ӦòǺѽ顣
¹ԭҰôլ֪
Ǳֲôȥ
¹ԭҰ԰æһ֪ˣ֤һܹҵӡ


124 
¹ԭҰӦ, Ǯ¹Ǿˡ
ڻȥ·ϣ¹̻ڱԹǮ磬ղô˵
ôˣ
ȥ֮ǰ˵
СӨ¹ԭҰס˳Ǳ߳Էġ
ѧУʦ˵ǮӨĳɼ, һӢ﷽¹, ֻҪӢ﷽治Ϻ, ǮӨܳһǸеġ
ʱǼСӨص, ¹ԭҰס, ꡣ
¹ԭҰͷǮӨⷿ, ôΣ, СӨŶ
һʲôΣգҲ֪
ס¹ԭҰңǲͰȫˣ
ҪǸҸСӨԲõĶ, ۸СӨ, ¹ֱ̿ȥ׷ģ
¹Ǯʱ, ǮɩҲҳæ, ʵҲվǮǱߵġ
ǮɩǮʱʵǻ¹ԭҰѧ, ڶ, ˸жѧ, Ȼͦæ, ƽʱкܶĿʱϵġ
¹ԭҰǼҵĸһ֡
Ҳ¹ԭҰ¹ߵñȽϽ
Ǻ֮, ¹̺¹˺ܶ࣬ҽҩѵʱ, ¹ԼŪġ
ǮǮɩĲ֪¹ô˵ģ֪ʱҲû취ˡ
Ͼǳ, Ǻ沵¹̵ӡ
ҽҩĲǮɩǴӳһˣֹǮˣôΪôһǮأ
Ǻڡ
¹֮¹ԭҰ͸ûһøʲôʲô
¹迴ӣССԭʲôʱʰ
Ѿˡ¹ԭҰոճշһϢ̡
û취һƬȽϤģҲֻˣʵȻõģʲĻ¹ԭҰҲǿ
Ѿǰ˵ˣ֤ܹɡ
ȷʵкܶⷿЩⷿϢһ㲻ᷢϣҪôȥн飬֧һнѣҪôԼֱȥСҡ
ΪǸаڸĹϵ˺ܶн飬н飬һ¡
¹ԭҰҲ뵽¹н飬ԭ޷Ǿʡһн¡
ֻʡġ
Ƚϵĵ¹ǮӨסҡ
¹ԭҰǮӨʵû̫ҲǮӨס¹ԭҰһĿڣȫ˾еġ
ݣҲǮӨСŮܹ޹˼ɵס
ǮӨҲȫСŮˣ¹ԭҰ͸סˡ
̻ظϢܿ͵ˣⷿĻʵҲرҲ֪һЩʹ¹ԭҰⷿҪ̱֮ʾ԰һ¡
صⷿҪǮû˵̫¹ԭҰǲһ£Ҳûв̫࣬ڼ۸棬ϣܹһ㡣
صⷿ۸ǱȽϱ˵ģҪеضΣǮӨֻ֣һ䣬ҪѧУ
۸Ҫ١
ټǮӨԼƽʱҪԷһͣˮʲôӦò࣬Ҳһ֧ܼһ»ѹһǧҡ
¹̾ȻûǮ
¹ԭҰתһ룬ǮԼľɣ¹̵뷨϶ǮӨס¹ԭҰҵġ
һ뵽ǮӨס֮¹ԭҰҪֱѲ¹̡
ǮӨ¹ԭҰҲǾԲסģ
̵ĻûôĿ죬Ҫһʱ䣬¹еȲˣ¹¹ԭҰ
¹֮ǰǱڸ¹ԭҰѡ
ǰҪģ۸ƽ֮䡣
۸֮󣬷Ҳˣļ۸⸽ǱȽϱ˵ģνһּǮһֻԡ
̫ܲá
ôģ¹ԭҰҲô¹ġ
û¹̵΢ţҲûмǮ绹ǮɩҲȥ̸¹̵Ը񣬺϶ڡ
Щѡ¹֮¹ת¹̣Ȼ󡭡
Ͳ¹ԭҰˡ
¹Ҳû¹ԭҰ¹˵¹һµĿ֮ҲʲôⷿˣֱǮǮɩÿȥǮӨ
Ҳôһꡣ
ȿϸˣ¹̾ʹǮӨסУʡǮ
e
΢е㹴¹ԭҰĻˡ
¹ԭҰϳǻҲҹޣǻڣʵ˿ЩѧģǼҳǼѧһһÿ͹ȥϽӻ
۸ʵҲ
¹ǻ¹軹֪飬ԼÿС¿һ꣬컹ãıĹǺ
Ȼ¹ԭҰ¹ѧˣȻ
Ϊˣ˶ˣ¹û취ֻС¿һꡣ
Ȼϵʱ򣬱紵˶£¹豳󣬺类¹赲ס˴룬¹ԭҰԿճҹ
Ĺضǿ¹ԭҰʱڵʳаеno1
ضϴл䣬ҲǸʱġ
лóԵĵطʵģǴлĵطҲζΪϰ壬ôԵѡлһ飿
ԵֵĲֵĴлԺŵ˵аٷ֮ʮȫǱֻǵŴлôһл˼ԼΪл
źǣ¹ԭҰÿ򵽵Ļ϶һ֡
˵Ǻܺˣ
ȫǱĴл˵óԣʵֻΪԵûҵȷĳԷ
νȷʵûʲô׼Ĵ𰸵ģֻҪóԵ˾úóԣȷĳԷ
һضⶹټһȳǸʱҲֻҪһ壬ϰ廹ϰ뱭ƾԼĿζӴ׻
¹ԭҰǸͣͲ̫ԭζϲЩζ
״ѴѵطţҲһ˺öࡣ
ضˣҪڴлҲĨһ㡣
ϰǸӦԼģĿܴܹؿѣͺģĨڴл棬ϴմ˺͡
Ƭһǣžҧһڣġ
һĴлһĹضͶݻлȳʲôġ
Ծˡ
¹ԭҰͳԷҹ޺ҹһֳԷ
㳦ͬ١
Ϊ¹ڣ¹ԭҰģ趼Ҫһݣϱǲ㡣
ϵҺǼҲͬһ
ϰ˴׺ͣṩкˣѡԼҪ֮ǰ¹ԭҰϲڱȷһСĴлˡ
ȵӱضʱʱɾͷŲϴлˡ
ҷڱףһôѡԼҪԵĶ֮ϰ潽̵ѻڱӵĵײ
ȵ¹ԭҰĹضʱǻлѾˣһھܰȵдл˺ȵ
¹ԭҰǸʱϲãҲֹֻضӴҲԸܵˡ
ǻڼҳԷ棬Գ˿棬Ӵס
ֶԴװͲտںȴ׵ӣ̲ס˻ϱǲǸɽˡ
ţ¹ԭҰ̲סеضˡ
ضõô㣬϶ֹضˮһ壬ζ͸һģһ
¹ԭҰеʱ򣬿ûôĻ
ȻûʲôţǼѼܻûġ
¹ԭҰѡ˼ܡ
ܵļ۸ˣ¹ԭҰ֮һȥһð¶ζһȥըըˡ
ըǵζࡣ
ͷ࣬ٵģǿرζ
ȵ֮󣬰㳦ʲôĶȥ߲˵ĻԷ빽㹽
¹ԭҰʵ㹽㹽óԣ㹽ζȴܺá
ʱ򣬹ĸ˹˵ţһӾͳζ
ϳСţˮ˿ˮ棬Ҳˣ۰Ͱ͵ؿŹѽѽٻļҳι
ڹǺܼ򵥵ĸûйΣںһҲûġ
¹ԭҰȸŪһСȻһСƬҶȻȷŵ֮ȷ̵֮ŸһСӡ


125 
Թض, ɲֻ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰҲһضӣȻܸÿѧô, ¹ԭҰǾһָһ
߲˵Ļ, ˷ġ
ôһ, ϶ൽóΪһˡ
ĵط, ɷ˴, ͻдлôԼá
ҶϤ, ԼԼĿζȥӾˡ
Īõ˽ķ, ķǣըܣ, ам
ܵɫȥͺܺó, մһЩ֪ǽλȻķĩ, ϰڰѼը֮, һЩзеζ
ȻУǲϲе, Ҳζ, 󲿷˲, ȴųгɷֵĲˡ
ȥ, ճԲ
ǰһٷ, ĪͶˣų, ȥ׼ˣſʼԡ
һڵȻҪȳԽ
ö꽴, ߲Ҳͦġ
ʱôһˣͱãֻôһ㡣
¹糴ӵʱõǺɫĶ꽴ĽҲǺںģһںĽڲĺܲá
ȫȥμӺڰˡ
Ϊ಻öˣԲ˻ɵ飡
ĿڸУŶ꽴Ľ㣬ɿڣ֮·
ȣըܺͰмȻҲܺóԣǺ׷ԣȴûнøߡ
򵥵˵ըܺͰмֱӳԣ׷ԵĻᣬӰ쵽ըܺͰмķӡ
Ī͵͵۲һ¸ֺ˻治١
ý·ԼԱȻƷըܺͰмζ
м棬ͺֻ̹ˮһ鼦ѣоͺһ룬ʣһֱӸǶˡ
ڴ˵ʱ̾صʹˣĪҪһֽϡ
мֱӳԣʺۣƤҲܻһζǼԭζֱӳҲû⣬Ǵ󲿷ֻǻպһʳá
ͬŪͲֿζѧԼѡ
еѧֶҪһ뽽ģһ뽽ģҲе̶̲̫ܳһЩĽϣٷһЩġ
Ҫ֮󣬾ͳ΢Ŀζ
Īѡǻϵģû̽ڰм棬ǽ˲Ͻǵһ
ʵŷˮģѧһͬʱ˷Ͷ
ǱǵĪϵʹá
֮պʵǲ̫ĪĿζȥŪһͻ棬ŵϲζ
պдմЩպ֭ĪĶպִ֭Ӽϵ䣬ֻмлһЩ
дЩȣܹܵζǳȥֲ֮ᵽĪԽܵĳ̶ȡ
ۣƤˬ
ڷ꣬Ī϶Ҫһݡ
Թ˰мҲóըܰ
ֱ֮Ӷըģûмۣǲ⡣
ȻĹ̶һģǼۺû۵ըܣǲ˺ܶࡣ
ը죬ը죬ȫֲͬĿڸС
ļ⣬һҧȥִ£ûմˮ۵ģ۵ĿڸС
ը죬ıӴˮˮֱȶȴߣڸоûôۣҧġ
ԽԽζ
ըܾġ
Ȼ⣬ⲢرĶ࣬һǲڹͷ
ͷûôӲĪɵؾܰѹͷҧԵ⣬³ľֻиɸɾļͷ
һ˿ļⶼûʣ¡
ȥĪеҶġ
ϾҲֻеһˣȻôҳԵ㣬һһ飬ҵȻҪϧسˡ
ζҲܰѷȫ֮ȥ߲ȫԵΪѾϰС
ĪҪû͸оһûнһ
Ǻ̵ģڳԷʱ¶Ѿ˿ڵ¶ȣȻڻûеô䣬Сɿſյ
յˬĪÿȺķˣоͺ
ǳ˻Ҫôһ·Ī̲סĽСѧˡ
ҪСܿǸиǸжðĻ극ſھѧУˣж

ʵ¹ԭҰһֱãضͻʵûʲô𣬻ϾǿζĲͬŪ֮¹ԭҰѹضĵ¯С΢е״̬Ϳˡ
¹ԭҰһͼ⣬ʵմ󲿷˳Թض˳򣬵һھʳʵе㲻Եġ
һ㶼ȳӣȻ߲֮ģŻ⡣
¹ԭҰͺУͰ⡣
ŴŴ⣬ֻųԣųԣըųԣųԣųԣȫóԡ
ȻȫŴɵģǸʹõŴ׵Ʒ֣Ĺգ⣬ζҲǲһġ
¹ԭҰߣʵĹ¹ԭҰ̫֪ÿõ
һһһҡ
ߵ⣬ڱȽӲһ֣˳ԣҲձģ׵ÿܳ⡣
⣬о󲿷ֶں춹ԡ
¹ԭҰû⣬õͨ⡣
Ȼг˺Ƭ⣬ڸ״̬ڸҲܰ
ŴĿڸУ¹ԭҰӣڵһھͳ˵жóˣ
ڶóԵľˮˡ
¹ԭҰ֮ǰ˵ʱϲˮ󵰣ڻǸڸУֱ޵аģ
ˮ󵰵棬ûˮ󵰵棬ȫо
Ҳһģˮ󵰵Ĺض󣬺ûˮ󵰵ĹضҲͬķζ
¹ԭҰʣվˮ󵰵Ĺضһߵģ
ˮ󵰣ˣ
ǿԳԵƵģҲһµĸоɡ
¹ԭҰһˮ󵰣Žϵ
͸ղųԵһʱ䣬ɹһ룬ٵһ룬¹ԭҰ֪׺Ƚȥ˶١
ǵһӺ͸ҨһŤŤӣסֻӣȥһζ
ҲӰ첻Ļԡ
ִ˲ƣҨźҲܺȵһ㣬ƯŵһƬҶɵؾʹˣھͳԵˡ
ôһĹŶ
мҳٸһʱ¹ԭҰ˰ƹˣ۾һ;ȥӡ
ûţ¹ԭҰְסϵѵƷС飬Ȼȡ
Ȼιһڡ
ϱҳΪڸʲôأ
ƲԣӶˣ
۸С
͸ſһڵƸͽˣҰҰ죬ζ
ﻹԼղҪʲôأСֽӹ¹ԭҰСӣԼԼι
ڵƸ£ڳɹóԽĵƸĶࡣ
Ӥõ룬װ˶ٶټ֮ǰһ룬ھ͸ˣôһ㶫һͳˡ
һ롣
Ҫƽʱ¹ԭҰ϶ˡ
ǽ첻У߰ĶζҲˣʺϳԡ
Ҳ˵
Ѿûóˡ
ȻƸûУţ̻еģ¹ԭҰƿ̣ϱԼȡ
Сһƣѽѽ˵ţҪĲŶǸղźȵǸ
¹ԭҰ˼һϻСӣС¹ԭҰʾ⡣
Ȼģ¹ԭҰŵƣȻСȵĶ֮ǰûп¹ԭҰĶҲϵ˼
ôƨСĶ¹ԭҰЦˡ
ôôɰ
оС¹ʱС¹Ҳûô龫ְ
¹ԭҰͻȻźôûֻ¼أ
ôɰôɰĶһô
ȻҪ¼


126 
϶ôŬ, ¹ԭҰҲİǸѾûˡ
ҲûУ¹ԭҰҲܿ־͸ϱ
⻹¹ԭҰһڳԵⷽ, ˵
ϲаһ뵰ƵĶȻһ֣ԣ
¹ԭҰҲûر˵, , Ҳϳְ
϶ǰְүү֮ĳƺ
˵, ȫͨճĹ۲, ټǿ
ʦͨ˳֡
Ҫô˵Ĭأ
¹ԭҰοɲźûа
ղ¹ԭҰ߶ʱ򣬰ֻģҲ뿴Ȼϻ᲻׶, ׶, ϵĵһ˵ˡ
¹ԭҰͰͷͷ, һ𿴸ղƵ
¹ԭҰһ飬Ƶе, һߵϡ
߬ƿ, ˹˵غţҳ̫ˣ
ȵ
, Ǻ
һڣ
Ϻ̵ӳף
ʲôʹ˳̵ľ
ֵֶֶغһƿ̣ϴ˸, һ۲һСѾ˯⡣
ǲô˯ĵطС⣬ӲӲĵذҲν, ԷıҲܱ۾˯š
ϵֻ¹׷ˣԼȥ˯ţС֣Ѿúܽʵˣ¹ܹöġ
ְ֣裬˯ˡ
¹ԭҰƵͥȺ¹׵ĻϱСϣӸϣȻŵذѶʰߡ
ʵԵڣԱˡ
ȻҲǲٳڣ߳ԵĻĶܻᳳϡ
¹ԭҰͰʰȻС¹ŽСȥдҵ绹ҪȥϿء
ٱ߳ԱĹضѾǲʱ䣬ҪٲдҵĻܾ
¹绹бһ׹ʫҪץʱˣ
¹дҵʫԼʰԼĴ£СҲԼʰԼ
¹Ҫȥѧϰ٣ϻȽ
ǵһȥѧʦģΪ漰һ⣬ټϳѧߵĿٱȽϱˣʮҾ£ԼҳǶǮʦˡ
ѰҲһ
¹ȥϿΣ¹ԭҰͳĴָ
¹˶ʹʱˣ¹Ͽεʱ¹ԭҰ棬ȵ¹¿ˣ¹ԭҰ͵ú¹׷档
һ¹ԭҰһ¹ףպֵ¹ס
ΪĴָˣ¹ͰѰ˵ĵӸ׵Ժ󣬿ðΪ¹ѧϰӣ׼ôࡣ
ȫ׷˼ˣ𨵹ǾԼæһûܺ¹ſֵʱеСʧš
Сʧ䣬ܿʰ飬Ͷ뵽Ĵָٵѧϰȥ
Ͼϰӣֻ¹пֵʱ䣬ѧϰĴָ٣ܺС¹пֵʱ⣬һܺͷſֵķʱ⡣
ˣҲˣ϶ĴָٵȤҲŨ
ϰӵֻܵõһݵĿ֣ݿҲʧȥˣѧϰĴָȴͬʱӵݵĿ֣
𨲻ɵȻѡĴָٿ
ĿǰڵΨһǣĴָپֻһܣҪȴĸˡ
е˰
¹ԭҰҪȻĴָٰɡ
ڵĴָ٣Ϊ¹ԭҰʱûرҪ󣬾ˮǱ˵ģɫرãҲ١
¹ԭҰ⺺ĴָҲ͹ˡ
ǶڰһֵӣͲ̫ˡ
ĴֲָٿǮ򵽺õġ
᲻е̫ࣿ¹ԭҰ֪Լɹģϲɵˡ
ӸԺ㡣
֮ܶĴָٱôȤ
Ϊһ֡
νʺģԡ
һһڵøС¹¹ԭҰ˵Լ뷨
뷨ǲе㡭
̫ҳˣ
ʲôõԼ˵ľġ
µļٿǮĸԼãɵļʮǮľ͸С¹á
ôҰһˡԴŵᱻ⿪֮¹ԭҰ֪ȷ
ֲ֪ûջջþˡ
˵Żأ¹ԭҰֵ¾͵һ¡
Ҳ֣ȻѾһʱˣˣʲôģûмסʱÿ
˵ʱ̲סͷˣһľûá
¹ԭҰԼû֣ȴˣͺܲܽˣֵס¹ԭҰĶ
¹ԭҰûзӦôͻȻˣǱôһϣ¹ԭҰҲԼˣֻܴͷʼ
һߺͰ죬¹ԭҰֵΡ
СüͷԽԽԽԽ¹ԭҰεʱ򣬴¹ԭҰĶ
˵²¹ԭҰٱϵδʱҲ׹ˣⲻǲСǹġ
Ϊʲôôɣ¹ԭҰûףԾ͹Ρ
ĴεʱϿ֪ˣȷǵȷϵġ
ǵȵ¹ԭҰȷϵʱѾ͵ˡ

¹ԭҰĴָٸ˳ȻĴָ˰ǱߣĴָ֣Ȼһү𨻳һˡ

Ҳ֪ˮƽ¹ԭҰ֪Ҫö١
ڵ棬ǲġ
ǳ
Ҳһس
ϾԼҪװá
̵Ű𨵯Ĵָ٣ϵֻС̵ϸߣһŤһŤģ͸ֳһ¹ԭҰԴˡ
͵͵ֻ鶯СѾ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ƶȵ¹׷ѧʱ¹ԭҰ¹׻нСڿˡ
ȻϵСѾܿɰ¹׺ͽСڷ֣СںûƵ
ְ˵ҪƵţϳ֮ٸ
¹׾ԼҲ˰ְ־ûиСƵ
¹СʱƵУǺܶ࣬Ϊǻ¹ԭҰԼһչ¹ף׬Ǯ̣ȫһˡ
ͷͺۣô˼ȥ¹Ƶ
¹ģ϶ЩƬ֮ġ
ǽСڵĻ¹ԭҰ߲̫࣬ҶһЩСں¹׵ļգĻҪ¹
Сڽ¹ԭҰ΢ţ¹˸¹ǱûСʱƵ뿴ԼСʱӡ
¹ȻˣҲࡣ
ΪСڵʱ򣬲ȫְ裬ҪϰҪӣҪн¹æ¹Ҫ
ҲΪ¹ûʲôʱСڣ¹Ҳû뷨
СںС¹СʱƵƬʵǲġ
˵ļҳǶæûʱ䣬Ҳûġ
ϾͲһˣ¹ԭҰͰ˶пգҲæ˵ʱ䣬顣
뵽ܹƵƬһǵĶöࡣ
һ룬¹׾еСԴ׵ġ
ǺܿģʲôԴʲôȫûˡ
̯¹ԭҰôһְ֣ɹģûˣôزģû¹׺ͽСʮ֮һأ
ɵʲôϵӡ
¹Ĳġ
һ뵽ԺԼˣܹСʱƵƬȴûС
ĺÿ
¹ССͣΡ
ڷѧдҵ֮¹ԭҰֻ¼ϵһһΡ
¹ԭҰԴ˷ǳ֧֣¹һҪ֪ǰԼƵʱ򣬶ûøԼ
ȴ¹ˡ
¹ףͺյ˰ְֵĹһˡ
¹ԭҰʱضܿ¹ĵӡ
¹ʵ֪С¹ʵΪ¹ԭҰ˵©죬Դȵбҵ֮ٸ
ʱ¹ӦҲܶˣҲܹܡ
Ϊ֪ϻܱС¹¹ֻ¼ӤʱĻ棬ǲС¹ʱڵĻ档
֮¹¹ԭҰ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊˣˡ
¹ԭҰһ£ûڴˣҪڴ֮󣬲ܼ¼ơ
ҵ̣16gڴ濨Ȼ㼸ˣ㵽˶ٶ


127 
¹ԭҰͰ¹һڴ濨, ˵ĲɾǰС¹ЩƵͼƬȫתƵȥ
Ȼ¹ԭҰֻ̫ô, Ǽﻹ׼˵Եġ
תƺ֮, ¹ԭҰ˳ͿһС¹ĵЩͼƬ, Ȼ󡭡
Ϳ˳ԷԵ߰, ߰ϡ
С¹ȷĵϵͯʲôͯʷ
ϳ˾Իᷭİɣ
¹Ҳüͷܲӣô۾ĶĶȫһأ
¹ĵĲϰ
ôԼƵ, ¹׺ܼᶨ¹ԭҰɾٷ֮ʮϵƵͼƬɾ, ֻмС¹Ƶ
˵⼸ƵС¹ļ治
߰Ȼ˯ϣǸСʹһ
ôҲȫûгɹ, ܹƵ¹׾ͺܵ˹һ´Ҫ¸ÿƵƬ
¹ԭҰǳ֧֣֮ǰ, ¹׸Ҵϣ
ط±仯úܿ죬ʱ컹Ŷ, ȴΪһ, Ϳʼ¡
Ҫ΢һŵĻе䡣
ѾжļҳԼҺӴˡ
ϸմȥ, ͱԼˣΪǽ굼µĽ£̫֮¾ͻػ
ĽǶݵģҲҳǷźţ߼ҳǣĽ¾ͿҪˡ
Ϊ˱ڻʱðСѧǻ϶ףǲҲҪʱ׼š
¹һϳŻףѧУ˺ԼͰ׸ˡ
֮Ҳ֪״ȥһһȵģͺ׸ð
Ȼ¹ԭҰ𴲵ʱûп¹ףƽʱʱ¹׾ûȫʰãҲӦѾ˲Ŷԡ
ȥ¹׵ķ俴һ£¹С˵ذű˯š
¹ԭҰĶѣ¹۾˵һԡ
һǸð˰
¹ԭҰû׼ճðҩ֮ĶΪǼҵʶðҲС
¹ԭҰһЩðҩڼŵˣҲûп⡣
¹׵Ķͷ¶ȸоͦģ¹ԭҰ¶ȼ棬ȵ·ʱʱҲˣһ¶ȣġ
ڵʱ䣬ȥҽԺһ˵ĻӦûܳ㣬¹ԭҰǷ΢ڼҳȺС¹İ˵һȻʹС¹ȥҽԺ
ҽԺҽרҵģ˽С¹֮󣬸С¹˸ҩӿٵץҩ·ϵʱ䣬ȫ̶ûгСʱ
˷֮ҩٻؼһ·¹ǿԸϻѧУѧġ
¹ԭҰһС¿һС¹С¹ؼϢѧȻðأ¹ԭҰ¹Ϣٻȥѧ
¹ԭҰС¹ѧˣҲܰҽٵĻͼҳ
¹һ£ȥѧ
ΪĿΣѧΣΪΣͼΣ¹ϲĿĿ
һҲֻôڣ¹׸᲻ô
ְ֣ͳʲôеС¹ײͣ԰ְģְܸ𣿡
֮ǰ¹ԭҰ˵¹׿Ըϵϣǰ᲻ʱ䰡
ʱ䣬¹׵Ҫٵİɡ
ȵȣҲһ
¹ԭҰ뵽һ͵ˣʮ֮ھܸ㶨һ֣
С¿¹׻˼ңС¹¥ȥ·¹ԭҰ˳ǰˮյˮѾպˣڻǹ̵ġ
ӱͳһϲˣ˺˷ζեϺ׻длˮһ壬ϲɡ
¹ԭҰûмʱʱԲһӡ
Ȼٴӱ׷ó΢¯涣һְ룬ʱոպã׷̡̫
׷ڴ棬Ȼٴӱóһӣװǰ跹ϲˣ¹ԭҰǰģ跹֮ⷢζҲܲ¹ԭҰֱʳˡ
õʱһޣ챻Եֻʣһ޵ס
С¹һٻܹӦȥġ
ְ跹ϲ˵򵥣¹ԭҰղϲǸϲģ˺˷ڹ泴ӵͻ֥飬ζκǾͿˡ
򵥵ĵζЧ޵кóԡ
ϲ˴ģ֥ġ
ʳҲȫû⣬¹ԭҰǰɵû¾͹һڳȻҲ¹ԭҰ
ֱ׷һѵİ跹ϲˣȻֱòӴ˾ͿԣʱĻԼҲСʲôġ
ŪһھܹԵСҲǿԵġ
Ȼ¹ԭҰûʲôʱģóȥء
ȵ¹׻·֮󣬾ͿϷһϲ˵׷ϲš
е㺮ᡣ
Ȼȥе㺮ᣬǳȫᣬɴɴϲ˺׷һ𣬲ԭô֥࣬ϲ˺׷һζһȥ㡣
ϲ˰跹ɵСţЩԷСѣһһ׼ο¹ֱͰԷСѣ
ȻΪӰһθڣںȺϲʱθһӾͻָˡ
ϲζ嵭ֲʧлļϲײĻ𻨣ߵԾǶģ
длûдлϲȫζ
¹׳˷˶ůģоٷðҪˡ
ֻ¹׵Ĵ𨶢ҩȻţҲǼҾСѧԱߣ¹ǲŵУţʦĺ˽ңɹظΡ
ʦ֪¹ˣ¹׳ٵһ㣬ֱ¹׻λˡ
¹ĺѧˣҪŹϿΣֺÿʦĻʦ޲ԼҲһ̡
¹׵ĺøжȣֱͻʡ
ʵϲֻʦʦҲϲ¹ףôֺÿСѣмʦϲ
ûɰ
ϵȫ¹СѣǵĽѧ֪жʡġ
͸ڰİȣ̫ˡ
һţʦһóεӣҪ˵ˣרŵóθϽó鱾ſɤš
ֱ¿κʦ֮󣬳βŸҺ¹˵
ϿˣС¹ûαΪС¹Ͽˡ
û뵽С¹ϿΣٵˣС¹ʦʱ򣬳ǽʵʵΪС¹ĨһѺ
Ǻʦûʦˣγµġ
С¹ǺѰС¹ٵˣϻ˿֣εȻҪһ
Ÿһ£ͱʦˣŵҲҿˡ
¹֣ԼԼеƣ˳ش˳ε⡣
ְģΪ¹׸ðˣֵԭ±ȾԼȾˡ
ûжǵͷװԼˣ˳һԼľ¹ףС¹ðˣǲǾҪԺüϡˣ
ǰðʱҽ˵ҳԵ嵭һ㣬Ȼҳϡɣҳ˺ü죬ˡ
һ뵽С¹ֻܳϡɣξ̲סĿ¶ͬ顣
¹׻û뵽ⷽҲֻ֪ܳϡϡȻҲܺóԣֻܳʲôûеϡֻɡ
¹СᣬӦòɣҰְָ緹ʱҲûиҳϡɰ
ҽûк˵Ե嵭һ㣿ʡ
¹׻һ£˵ͷҽȷʵ˵Ļǵú
ǾҪϡ˼ηǳ϶صͷ
ðÿθð趼ģľǳḻ
С¹㲻Ҫ£ְֻϡĻҿ͵͵ҵĲ˷һ롣
ûȷԵʲôҲ֪С¹ְֻ᲻С¹ϡξѾˡ


128 
С¹Ǻ, ԲῴС¹Կģ
ε⣬¹ǺܸжûдְӦá
ֻܳϡɰɡ
ɳ˵ô϶¹Ҳʼȷˡ
, һֱ, ȫûܵȤ
ѧʱ, Ҳƽʱ, һѧ塣
¹ŽȥΪʼˣС¹ҿһĿյҲ, ŵʱƿײźߵķ, ö
¹ԭҰ֪¹׻ˣصشӳ߳¹˵С¹ȻҪ÷, ķҽ쵥ˡ
¹ԭҰһ¹׵Ķ棬ͺڸ¹ףӽ쿪ʼļ¹׶Ҫϡˣ
¹ױǲϡģϡҲкܶ, ̵ζͬǺܺóԵģʲô, ֻ׵ϡ, һС̲ˣҲúܺóԡ
ô˵
¹Ҳеˡ
ĥĥ߽ڵ, Űְֶһ붫¹׵ǰ¹׼һص۾￴ȥ
ϡ
ԣϡ
һ
ȫȫ࣬͵۽ɣһһعνˮˣҲǷۺɫġ
¹׽緹㣬ʵͲʲôҲûмӵϡ
ʵӦһҲֱù
¹ԭҰ˺ֱܶ࣬ӳԵû⡣
֮С¹粻Ҫ÷ҲΪԭ
ڸðҪʳ嵭ʲôģ¹ֻСðѣÿŵַϣԷҪ̫ĶҲͲˡ
¹ԭҰȻҲǸŪһ롣
ѾˣܱƻгһӣʲôģӦҲû⣬¹ԭҰʱ򣬼һСι
СһţһգȻһһģϾͰԽȥˡ
ճȲſͣ͸һԼһߴ¹ԭҰϿι
ȷܳˡ
ϵС
ÿžֻϵһСָͷôһһθȣôһȫԡ
¹ԭҰ˵ȻСӷ
һӾˣԼСӿʼ
ڻû¹ԭҰڶĹʲôǾһȴûеı֮ÿγԵϲʳǱֻһȥԵġ
ôóԵĶȻҪԵԼõģ
棬žʳԽԽ˰ɡ
¹ԭҰ֮ŸϳԵģССһ׾Ҩˣ֮⣬һЩ
Сĵذ͵ͣһںȵȻҧסš
ӡ
ֻСִյץס¶βͣСָţץ
¹ԭҰһûţϾͳԵ϶ǿˮСס¹ԭҰСŵѾһֱҧˡ
кúõؽ֮ȥ
¹ԭҰˣҲʼԷ
¹ԭҰķ
⣡
ӵģɵ裬ȻѾֿڸУӱϿҲĵطҲܷҪϾⰡ
Ѿôһˣ¹ԭҰǲ㣬һֻƬƤѼ
ƤñģģϰгһƬһƬģ԰ڱԵ֡
¹ԭҰûϰ͵潴Լ÷Ѽͻƹϻд˿һպ÷ñƤһȫá
ȵԷʱ¹ԭҰͿֱͽſѼˡ
һڿѼٳһȫĸоˬ
ζǳĿڸке񣬶Qģ裬ĿڸûôQһ
ʲôɵģÿˮȥͳζϲϺƤм
¹ԭҰŵǷŵָըִֻ֮ըһ
ΪؼѾһʱ䣬ıҲִˡ
ִ¹ԭҰгССεģȻӵ档
汾кܶģôݽȥûһˮ峺ˮһͱ˴롣
ʣһˮ滹Ʈͻ
¹ԭҰҪģ֭÷ǳǳӣÿӼеĻһӾͻжϵġ
֭棬ˮĸһҨ֮󣬱ˮĳﹷһУоǳһ
һڳԽȥˮǳ࣬Ҳȫˮݹе⽵ƤɺƤֲ
һ㣬ƤһЩ
Ƕܺóԡ
ݵʱԽã֭Խ٣˺ﾹȻʣһˮȫ˵ԼһЩϺ׺եĩ
Ϻ׺եĩĴڸ٣Ҳ治ɻȱһԱ
ϺƤḻζեĩ˿ڸС
ô򵥵򵥲˭ܹڼԼ
ȴ¹ԭҰܳԶҲ塣
͵裬¹ԭҰͰɵؾͳȥϣҲ¹ԭҰָһСԵˡ
ϰߵһ롣
֪ܲҪǿҪûдġ
Ȼˣ¹ԭҰûиڶ룬͵ϳԶ˲ȻһС߲ࡣ
߲࣬ʵ
ʼǸС¹׼ģʱ򣬸ðûмᣬ˵ĻܾͳԲóζˡ
¹ԭҰĸιϡ
¹׳һ֮󣬸оԼûгԱѾûˣ¹׵֪Ʈ˸ڵġ
ϡ
ǵûд
¹ûжԳɫζȫĶϳԵ߲࣡
߲࿴ĺܼ򵥣һЩɫĲҶһЩ⣬Ȼ֮࣬ûбʳˡ
¹׾ǿϳԵһĸоͲˡ
ְ֣ϳԵǸϡҲԡ¹ϴ¹ԭҰ
еУǸ¹ģǳһСͼѼ
ѾôණС¹ȷ㻹ܳԵȥ𣿡
һԡ
Լȥ緹װװһ㣬˷ѡ¹ԭҰȫûҪС¹򷹵˼
¹һ˸ϳԷС룬Ūһ룬˸СӣԼλϳԡ
򵥵߲࣬ζ嵭ֻеζ󵽿Ũû߲˺ĻҪֱӺȥ
߲ϡ˲ŷŽȥģɫܺõı
ĲҶڰɫ棬Ŷʳ
һСһС⣬ΪģһŨĿڸС
ÿһ࣬涼⡣
¹׳߲࣬κ˼ʼˡ
ǻûгԹӼ߲˺ϡ˾ϡϡһЩϹϣķϡϹϡ
¹ڳԵּ߲˺ϡó
̲סˣС¹ϡó𣿡
ó԰
ʲôζͲסԼĺˡ
Թϡûζİϡ̵ϡξǺ棬Ҳ׵ĳԡ
¹˵еˡ
Դһֳһ߲ζһ£Ǻζ˵ãζܺãμҪԿ
һԥ̫ԣ˼ͽСڵǾˡ
ԣ2
ΪԼĸð¹ûֱǳԼ߲࣬ȥ˸룬װһ߲ǡ
˼ͽСźӣһϡǵһγԵӵϡǰûгԹ
ое棬ҲǺóԵġ
˼ͽСûסֳڡ
ۿʣòˣθϿҨһڣҲҪ
ף̵ϡǺóԵ


129 
ΪԺúȺ, ¹׵ĸð˯һܿͺˣڶϾͻġ
¹ԭҰҲͷˣС¿ȥˡ
˲, ͳһֵĹ
ǸǴ, ǳĳ, ԲһĿ, 弦ģʵҲͼһЩϵ
ȻھԷʱ仹磬¹ԭҰ緹û, ӡ
Ǻܱ׼С, ֻС̯ϿһȰƻҪСһļǮϡ
¹ԭҰϸеʱ, ڸеſڵһγԵȻÿ·Ҫһû·ҲҪͬѧԼһǸϰĿǰԹмУóԵϰ塣
Ȼ, ܹҲûгԹҡ
ΪزǺռСԣ¹ԭҰ, ʵҲֻԹҵļ
ʱҲܾ, ֪ôʱȥҵ껹ڲڡ
Ĵڶ¹ԭҰ˵ҲرҪ
Ϊбҵ֮, һֱûгԵôóԵļ¹ԭҰżٻؼҵʱ򣬾ڼǸϰĽζˡ
ǲһ䷽¹ԭҰ̫ǳǼζ
Ȼȥר¹ԭҰͳɹذѼŪˡ
¹ԭҰһÿһ԰ʿȫˢϽϣȻ󺰰
𨲻һģﻹһ
ĶǰһСһɣŰŵ档
֪ڱ棬ҪԷ˵˼
Ѿˣ϶ҪԷˣ
ôѾȫˣڸո𴲵ʱ򣬰ѾιһСϹϡǲͣ
¹ԭҰȻ֪ϷѾˣûϵķݣͰÿ
𨱧ϣ̫֣¹ԭҰÿӼһ鼦ֱι
С񣬾²ˣ
ͺܿŵظſƶ
ҾֻŪһоô᲻̫ϻ᲻еࣿ¹ԭҰϲԽԽõ͡
ˢý֮ŷ֣̫ܲϲ
𨲻ϲĻ¹ԭҰԼԣǷ
ãر̣ڿ涼ð֣¹ԭҰѾȰ𨴵ˣǰ𨻹Ǳĸ̵ˡ
ȻͳϵĺһҲźвԡ
ļӦĴ䣬ΪĿڸгӺʵ˼ĴڸУ¹ԭҰԼһ㡣
Ȼ취ԭģ¹ԭҰһγԵǸϰ壬ġ
ϸ䷽Ǿ¹ԭҰ۲죬Ĺһһĸ߶Ǹոպõġ
Ȼֻһ𣬵ǿڸȫһ߸ʵĿڸУ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ѳ԰ɣ̫˶ѡ
ֻһļͲһˣͼǲģҪһЩ
Ӵ֣ýƣڲļ۵ġ
޺΢ոպôȫ죬ǵ۵״̬
ȻǼģĿڸȷġ
˼֮⣬ȻҲҪϵģҲܼ򵥣Ϻףڡ
ͣոմʱ򣬽Ϻ׺ڷŽȥÿӻСϺ׺ͼ飬ʵСӷһ㣬ʱԼӵζۣҲԲӡ
ϲԷѽģҪӵζۣϲԷѽģͿԲüӣȻҲûӰġ
¹ԭҰ߼һЩΡ
¹ԭҰιһ̵Ҳ᲻³淭£˾Ϳʼ׽
ΪںϺڼбˣǾȵطֲڼУԵһȻҲС
ĿڸУǼһγɵģطֳЩǼЩΪؾͻһ
㡣
ļȻסݣֻвһЩǿܹ֧һʱ䡣
յĽҲӲ̵θ
¹ԭҰܹ緹ǿڵӣҪˡ
û¹ԭҰ˻𣬵;ܹһ¹ԭҰȻҲмѼʿΪȻˢ׼ûһȫˢȥ
𨱧ڻŰһڵسżϣˮѾǹҵǰ
¹ԭҰôװҲûа취
ӶѾְˡ
ò¶֪϶ӰڳԵģ
¹ԭҰˣ͸ϽϷŵ棬Ͻյźţɵڱ棬¹ԭҰöˡ
¹ԭҰ֮ǰԼ֣Ҫ̫ˡ
ҲϳԺܶ࣬ѾԹ緹ˣڳζͿˡ
Ϊˢʿĵط÷¹ԭҰĶÿȥһ鼦۵ĵ׳̵ģ¹ԭҰ֮ŷϵԼųԡ
ϿԼģٿŵġ
ɫһ
ˡ
С¡
Сȭͷ߬ŵ׾
Ǻ׳ԵģҲһʱ䣬Ҳû϶ãֳ¹ԭҰġ
¹ԭҰٷţٳԡ
²ϵĵʱ¹ԭҰûˡ
ûף¹ԭҰӱγˡ
Դϱʾǳòᡣ
ԡ
Ӥ̬ϣǸɲ¹ԭҰģɲ¹ԭҰ¹׶ɲ
ֻ¹ԭҰԼȻ˰Ļ
Ӱʱˣ¹ԭҰҪʼæˣֵչˡ
Ǻմţѿһ
մžǺͨըˣ̫ʱ䣬ѿҲǳļ򵥣ʱġ
Ҫԭ¹ԭҰСһ
ʮѧټϽСڣ˼ͳ¹̣һʮ
Ҳ˵Ҳð˹ܰʮꡣ
Ҫرע򣬻̫󣬱潹ˣ滹û죬̫Сʱͻ̫¹ԭҰһЩĵã֪ʵĻʲô
ȵʮõʱ¹ԭҰȳˣ̨ǰ汻Ѭôʱ䣬϶ˡ
¹ԭҰϽȥ¥ϴ˸裬·
ȵʱʳѾѧԷˣڻֻСѧһĶǳиеˡ
ĪҲһѧ˾͸ϹԷġ
ôһţĪûгԣѾˣԱߵǸıʲô
Ī̫
ֵʱһ䣬Ҫˢѽ𣿡
ĪʶػһҪͿտֹ轺ˢӣǸ涼ˢ˾ȵķѽ
С¹ҵķѽϵַѽе㲻һ
ȥϡһЩҲǺᣬƫ
Ҳ֪ǼõĸӵķѽĪͦϲġ
˵øϽԷˡ
ˣմſȥ˵ģĪһڵȻҲҧŵۣ֭滹к֭ܶˮһҧȥڵ⣬ζ
Ī̲סڵ׷
ֺմţǿ׷ԣʱ򣬼һҲܺó԰
ĪһûסͰѰųȥˣ۵ط˴ţôóԵĴţϸϸء
ھͳ˿ɲС
ĪҧһǸ֪ʲôı
Ϊһʱ䣬Ѿûôˣոպþǿڵ¶ȡ
øոպõĽϣıûеҭˣͨҧĺ棬Ī֪Ǽġ
ıӦǼɡ
û뵽ıȻĿڸС
ǰȫû
ζĲ
֮ǰðţ̣ˢȥĽϺеˣڳĻžַǸպð
ĪһüȥպЩѽһ롣


130 
¹ԭҰȥ˵ʱ, һŶڲгſСϺ߿, ʲôĺ٣󲿷ֶǺʡ
ϺͨɫҲûʲôӵһ㶼Ǽӵ㽪ƬΰƳԵġ
ְ֮ϺҲɺɫϺ, ǲóϺˣҲֱǳԵ
ϺͷһЩǲԵ, ΪϰϺԵζ, ְϺϺͷҲǰɫģֵĸϺ, Ϻͷĵطһɫ
ǾǰϺĻƣڸгǺзһġ
ǲϺͷ, ҲԳһϺĻ, ζǺܲ
ְϺʵҲֻаƵĳԷһ̫Ļ, Լһ˳Բֲڱ档
Ϳѡ֮󣬷ݶȥɹ, ̫ʱ, 㹻Ϻɹˡ
ɹ֮İϺζ嵭ֲʧ, Ϻɴ;ĿڸУȫù䵱ʳˡ
ǵʳİϺɣùҲܳΪһζܺõĲˡ
ߵְϺǺܶ࣬ҲһӣһСϺֺϺͰϺͲһˡ
û죬ĿҲǳֳһֺɫ֮ʸеĺɫǴ͸ĺɫ
ͰϺһֺϺĸͷ󣬰ǳҲǺ鷳飬ǲǳԵĻϺĿǻӰڸС
ĿǲһִС
ſǳԣִлȫڸǵϺĿڸС
ǶǺõģ֮ԾòóԣֻΪûҵóԵİ취ˡ
ֺϺΪͷ̫СĹϵǰƻǱǱȽ鷳ģǰ͹ըϺϺǷ˵㾦֮ʡ
ִ°źϺְϸ۵Ϻ⣬дŴ࣬дۣմһףֿθ
ôĺϺ¹ԭҰеĶˣһ°ţϺǮһ
ſ¹ԭҰСģôˣֱ¹ԭҰܹʮϺߣֱӸۣ¹ԭҰԸȫߵĻǮһԸ
۸ʵ̫Żˣ¹ԭҰϾĶˡ
һһʽ׺ܿͳˡ
ʮϺ˰Ϻͷȥ֮⣬¹ԭҰѺϺͷȫȥˣȥͷ֮Ϻһ롣
ӵϺһ˾ɡ
Сһ籾Ӧռ޷㳦ټһ˺˵ģ¹ԭҰôʵСϺͰռըϺɡ
¹ԭҰϺպɵģȻҲҪ׼һ׷ԱߣѧԼѡ񿩡
ĪʵǰֻڳԽӣ⽵ʱ򣬲ŻӴ׵ģС¹֮Ī֪ԭֻֻнӻ⽵ʱԼӴס
ըϺҲܷŴף
ţҶһסĪϲдȻнεĴף֮ǰʱպһμֱóԵ
ⶼ֪ڼҪˣÿ˶˵ҪһĴףǴ׾ô࣬ٶһĺ˾û˰
ֻټӰ˰
ǰףĪҲˣԼ緹ȥǱ߳Է
ųţĪͻȻſڽĸİˡ
ȫʶĳˡ
Ǽİ˽ֱ̣˵˼֮󣬾ͱ̴ǸȥˣҲ֪ʲôġ
ЩİǽŵģǹСʳƷȫģǽ֮󣬻ܿõʳƷȫҪһݲ͵ȥ顣
ͰǴȥ¹ԭҰˡ
ǽȥʱ¹ԭҰڳԷ
ԵҲܼ򵥣һѧһĴ׷ǰһ̣ϿǺѧǳԵһĿ㳦
㳦¹ԭҰϲģܹԵؿ㳦ǻʵ⳦ʲô۳
ѧǳ޷㳦֮¹ԭҰһڣ̲סˣ˶Ŀ㳦ֱӷڿųԡ
ԵҲƽƽĿ㳦ˣǸζ
ĸ棬һȽСᣬոսС¹СͲ㱻С¹ҿǸůůķˡ
ҲǲһѣܹרѵģСսѲ
˵С߹ʳõСˡ
ζСһ
ôŵСᣬͬһ˳⧲ŵֿ㳦ζʧ̬
ȻǾרѵģ̲סҲܹ
ͬǵĺ棬û¶̫ʧ̬ı飬͵͵Ƿ㣬Ҳˡ
Ҳ֪ļҵ㳦ײ͵ģһݡ
¹ԭҰǵ⣬ȻûвӦģٷв϶ûʲô⣬Լ˳Բ
԰¹Ķôʱ䣬¹ԭҰͶ˺÷
ζ΢⣬Щģ
Ϻ֮һͳˣʶȣֿڸУ϶ǽġ
ҪôʵĶܱĻ˹ƶɲСˡ
ӦӦСķǶģǲ٣ǶҲ̫࣬ԡ
¹ԭҰŶشǰĲ棬ǼһϺ޷һ㳦ƬˣԼ
һ׷
ŵЩˣյͺеʱ򣬶֪˵ʲôˡ
Ѿȥ˸ѧԷĻһ϶һвˡ
ûһͺУǰܹеİɡ
ôһأ
Сͺ⣬͸ôһ㣬ǾǼֻôһ㻹ôţ
Ųܶ㷹ܸöһɣ
Ͱô׷أ
û˵أǾͿѧˣ̸ϽǴˣϾһСɽˣǲǸѧһٶ㣬һֱ˵ԡ
û취ּ׷ڲѳСɽ
ȻѧǸϺҲǴһСɽߵġ
ŮҲ⡣
ðɣӣȷʵǲôӡ
¹ԭҰ΢һ㣬ϹˣȻϱǩ
ǩĿΪЩȡļһģС¹ҵôرлر٣Ҳͦġ
ǩʵûʲô
ǻɡ
Щȡ˻ȥʵҲ°ȥԷˡ
ͿʼԼʲô
Ȼһһ飬㵱ôԶ̫ˡ͵͵ˣҵı㵱㳦㵱ű㵱±㵱㳦㵱ܶ࣬ˮ
㳦㵱
һʼ׷׸ͣǰǰǶôԶˣȥԷˡ
ͦõġ
ҲԱ㵱ˡ
㳦㵱оԣѡ
ûԹң֪ô͸ѡɡ
Ҳ
ǣһĸˣĸ˶㳦㵱ӣ˭֪ǸղʵǸ㳦أ
رǸղǸϰڿ濾㳦ʱģͻ㳦Ϸڵ
Ʈڿ棬ΧǴתǹζ
ҪǻйĺһϰԵĸӵ㳦ˣζҲ̫˰ɣ
ʵǸСᣬ͵͵ع۲¹ԭҰǼҳͰˡ
˵ͰӦ͸¶ܶϢ
СܲͰ￴㳦İװҪܿˣСھͿȥ㳦Լųˡ
ϰһ⣬ԼͰ͵ڰ칫ÿ
ʵĵģǣڼꤵص˰Сʱ֮ɹ͵
ڴشУȻϣܹ㳦㵱ͼƬʱ
ǽһʧ
Ͼ۸㳦ҲٲȥͼƬϿô˵㳦͹㳦
ôͱʵ޻㳦أ
ӣζǸղŵһ㳦˺öࡣ
ĺȥһϰõĵĸӵ㳦ˣ
ʳ֪ζؽһٷΪ㳦žͲ˼ҵ㳦ˣǡ
ԡ


131 
ö˶˵, ŹȡȻû˵Ϊʲô, ¹ԭҰ£Ӧл⡣
¹ԭҰС֮ǰʵСŸո𲽡
󲿷ֶС̫ĸȻҲͬʱСǸģƫڸ
ȵ¹ԭҰСӪ֮, ƺʶһĿȱԽһ, ΧС, ԽԽˡ
¹ԭҰֻʳСҲаס޵С
¹ԭҰûرע, Ҳ£ȻǿҲǾְ, ǺС¹, ȫܴ
飬ʵҲΪһС
˵һСĻʳ, һѧԽҽԺȻҳԸ⣬ͰСٱˡ
ȻžͿʼ, ǼСʱͣҵ, ͬʱҲʼץСʳƷȫ⡣
Ϣͷ˵֮󣬻¹ԭҰ˵ģҪȻ¹ԭҰ֪
Ϣ, ¹ԭҰҲȤģЩ֪棬Ǽ٣м棬ǼٵϢ͵ǹ¡
ԽоԽԾˣôԽ˵Խϸ
ϸ˲ǵˣͲ֪ĻϢȫ֪ˡ
¹ԭҰͲ֪˰ɣ̴ŵıʾЩĻϢȫǵ˵ġ
ǼʱͣҵСͿ⸽Ҳ¹ԭҰ̵ھˣ֪ܲС˭ģ
Ǹ˵֣¹ԭҰҲʶ
ϹԼ굱ϰģȻԼȫְ
ڿ¹ԭҰСô֮ȻҲĶˣԼһҲҪģ˳ŶҲۡ
ѧУڸѧҲܺС
ֿǵԼзӣʡˣˮҲ̫࣬Ҳѧ¹ԭҰӣڼ˸С
ȻĸѧһΪطСһտʼˮ
ֻĸѧģôСҲûȥעʲôģ͸¹ԭҰʼջεʱһ
ȻҲһԵģҲڲڰ
֮԰ѧԳˣǴѧԼⰡ
ö˶˳ŷ͵ˣԼҲúԩ
ǸѧȥҽԺԼ渶ҽҩѣҲܿ˼ǶйǽԵһը棬еĳɷ֡
ȻҳĿǣΪʲôҳԷԽҽԺӦø
ȴãֲ֪ҺӶйû˵ԹˣҲûΡ
Ȼ⳥̸ҳͰ˸ٱˣٱɲҵķѺӳԽҽԺ֤ӪʳƷȫ
ʳƷȫԼҲڵǷϣ֤Ӫһһ׼
ôͣҵġ
ͣҵ㣬ð֤ӪڼϽ
˾;ԼԩرΧ˲֪飬ΪҶ⣬˳ԽҽԺˣűͣҵġ
ͷصĺô
˵ȻҪվΪԼ˵ˡ
Ϊվ˵ˣ̲֪ôǸҳҪ˶Ǯ֪һ
ضСʵ񲻾ٹٲһ״̬
Ǿٱ˾Ϳ϶ùܡ
ȷʵͦεġ
˵飬Ҳ¹ԭҰһѡ
Ȼ¼ΣҪǸѧͼҳ˭ǲС˵Լйһ䣬СеĲʱͻرѡ
Ҳڵĺ
Ǹùֻĸѧͳ顣
¹ԭҰ߻ʮء
͸ϿĸʣɱǸùҪ߶ˡ
ڻûֻá
һʱãһֱã¹ԭҰûѧѾһ룬һ֪ͨ
øλҳԼӵĹԭ¹ԭҰ¹ԭҰǲܱЩ˵ĳ֣Ҳע⵽ѧԵԼʳ
Ȧһ֪ͨȻСʳõǽϣҲôһ֪ͨ
֪֮ͨ죬ûмҳѧӦ¹ԭҰҲûа֪ͨȥ
ǽλã¡
С¹Сÿѧڵѧб䶯¹ԭҰÿѧڶҪô֪ͨһΡ
ȻÿʲôˣȦͼƬʱҲҪϲСʳҲҪŪСڰһ¡
¹ԭҰһʱжͺܿˣľȥ˶
û취Ҳ֪ʵСڰ塣
ǴСڰģڷֺڰҪ÷۱ʣһָİװ壬¹ԭҰַӱľװˡ
֮󣬰װ嵽ˣֻɫͺɫİװʡ
¹ԭҰϾͰѰװȥˣͷ̺棬ÿѧ򷹵ʱ򣬶ܿ
Īʱĳϧģ
װҲ̫˵ɣ
ҪĻ֪Ǹüıʲôˣ
¹ԭҰߵļ֮ĪһֱԣС¹ҾǲС¹߲Ͳɡ
һĿôֽⷨҲһ޽İ
ĪԼٶˣҳǸ׽ʲôĹؼǼ
ѳһѴ϶һģǼۡ
ԵļҲ̫˰ɣ
ȫ
ĪΪǹ˷ḻʳԺ֮⣬ҲԵļʲô
С¹ҾǺֱܴĽ׹ϵƽʱ˷ߵĪͲ˼ϰ壬Ǹֽʲô
һΣĪȥ̣ԵǸʲô
ʹ˼ǺܺõģټǶʱ䣬ǱģҲֻмһˡ
ʵҲ̫ʵ֣Īʱʶػش𣺡Ǽ𣿡
Ҫô򵥣Īҵ
ڻûҵ˵Ǹʵֲ
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Ȼ¹ԭҰȦģԼҳʣϰ壬ʲô֣ҼҺӳ֮˵ܺóԡ
Īͷһθ顣
ƤѧĸĿƺԼΪӣֱֺ߳ܵٵأ
¹ԭҰصĻĪֱˡ
Ұֻ裬¸ĸϢֲɾ¹ûпϢ
־У¹ԭҰĸ֣
Īϲ񣬸ϽɾԼϢȻȥٶһ¼
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Īһûţ⡭
׷ѹˡ
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ô˵ûдˣĪֲᣬֲ˼Ͱ˵ͼôһСԼôá
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ʱĪôġ
ʵܹó
һѧڣǶС¹Ҳ̫˽⡣
С¹ҵһڼԣǲ
һڼأʵһѧڼһεдҪָľС¹ҵɫˡ
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ͺܲˡ
һڼʣЩС¹ҿӵѧǵԹϲ
ʣֻѧǵĽȺûд¹ԭҰǱߡ
¹ԭҰĲ֪
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ʵؾǱѧȺ棬ֻûзԣһֱǱˮͧѡ
һڼʣȻ֪ˡ
ȻѾ֪¹ԭҰѵûһĲ
ͲܶռѧǲɫһһΣôúӶԼԼԵĲ˰
¹ԭҰȷʵе㲻ǲ鲻¹ԭҰѾϰ˺ĵĴ
ռѧ¹ԭҰ۵ģֵܹڻڿСѾˣ
һһΣѧҲֻǳԲ˵˵ѣһһεĻ¹ԭҰѧԼͻ˵ġ
Ͼ¹ԭҰҲǴѧ߹ˡ
ѧʲôһԣѵ֪


132 
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һŰ׳װ, ʮŮƿС¹ҵţźôԷѧֱûҴط
һ߰ѰѧҪ˳෹Ĳ̵ݸѧһ߻ش𣺡ʲô𣿡
ȻѾȷˣܵõ϶Ĵ𰸣Ů˻һ, ϰ£ϰ𣿡
ϰլڼ, Ȼڵ, ϰڳԷӿ͡
¹ԭҰŷӳð˸ͷ, Ҿϰ壬ʲô𣿡
¹ԭҰԵ, ûر, Ǽһѣߵ, طܽвͷ
н𻨲ˡ
ѵѧޣޣɹ֮ǸӳԵָɲϡ
ʵҲԳ, ޣ, ʢǸ´ﶼܿǵӰ
¹ԭҰſڵĻ̳̻ͷޣ, 쵽ˣ·ߵޣ¹ԭҰǰڼҵʱż¹һȥ˼ҵժޣųԡ
ǼʵҲġ
¹Ƚڿ죬Ƚϻʰﱻ˰ܲˣкǼôޣ
Ǳ˼Ҳͺܶࡣ
ҲЩ˴ӹժν
ޣҰˣһļҲֻдǻܳԣܳԵҲֻеѿ˼ڣޣ˾Ͳóˡ
ժһޣؼңϴɾȻгɶΣŵͣӵ⣬κͼˣζͳ
ȫĳЩҰ˻ɬζ
ЩȻ߲ˣֻϲԲҶӣϲԲ˸ӣʱǳޣ;Բ
ޣ󲿷ֶҶӣ˸ӺϸҿڸкܺãͰײ˵Ĳ˸ǲһζϲ԰ײ˲˸ӵĻĿޣ
ޣʣֱӳóԣһ𳴸Ӻóԣôһޣ⣬¹ԭҰһ룬ȫȹ⣡
ھޣԳԵļڣкüء
¹ԭҰھȲޣˣȻͷޣûеԳԵʱ򣬵ǰ¹Ѿˡ
¹ԭҰܻǵشſڻ̳һޣŽ˰¹ܿͳһƬھͿԳˡ
Ȼ̶ޣļе㱣ֻɵ̬ȣǻǱ¹ԭҰɸƹȥˡ
ʵĿеģĶһЩϹ֮ģһޣҪɹϵֲ
¹ԭҰǸŮˣ¹ԭҰһ뷹µӣüͷûбصĸо
˵Ǽҵ֤ȫóҿһ𣿡
⻰˵þ͡
¹ԭҰǸŮˣǡǾ֤ʲôıҪ˿Ҳˣ¹ԭҰͰ֤ó
˵ԣûҪ
ҿߵûͦģʳǿԵӣǼҵ֤ȫĻҾҼҺ߳Էˡ
Ůһ˵ţһͳֻһʱ䣬һʱܸϵӡ
°Ϣʱġ
С¹ҵ̫ʱĻû취緹ˣ˼Ҹʱ䣬鷳һЩ𣿡
Ů˵Ļ¹ԭҰȫûдȥ֤˼˼ʱֻôѧûа취ٽµѧˣҪӱСĻҡ
Ů˻ûô˵أһŮˣͱ¹ԭҰ΢һЩҲǹ¹ԭҰġ
Ǹ֤ӪСͣҵˣ⡣
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Ҳȥ죡
ǵð֮ǰЩǮɣ
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磬ͣ
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̫̫Υ鲻ܸɣһСһȦͷ̫̫Ͱҳкӵָȥˡ
Ҷ֪ҳرѸ㣬֣˭ֻ֪ΪʲôԭԼٱˡ
ΪŮ⼸˼СҪô⣬Ҫôˣ˼ҲԸ⣬ҵС¹
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ҪȻ¹ԭҰҲϳ
̫̫ĳð¹ԭҰλѲļҳλҳĳֵȵġ
ҪȻƾ¹ԭҰôӵزǼҺӣС¹СƾҪջһٱˡ
Ȼ¹ԭҰνǳɶģ¹ԭҰԱ߿λҳ̫̫ģ͸оŶ
λҳܻ뿪ˣ̫̫Ҳ֪Լ֪Ķ뿪ˣ¹ԭҰϽһڲѳѹѹ
ѳ⻹Ǻúó԰
ѵǿ¹ԭҰڰ¹ЩҪƽʱע⣬ڹƶˡ
ƾС¹ôѧ죬ӦҲǿԹӦϵġ
һ뵽Ұ˵ѿԣ¹ԭҰ;еۡ
˰ɣֵӶ߲֮˲
ΪʲôҪͲѹȥأ
Ȼ¹ԭҰҲôóԵ߲˷ҳԣôۻ˰ɡ
ѧǳԲζ̫ˣ
Ϊ棬¹ԭҰͰǶڰɣ¹ԭҰôţȥװһð˵Ĳѳ⡣
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ڳԷС¹нСһпսɶܣȳ˵
һԣ¹׾еڡ
¹ԭҰѳʱʵʹģǸų⣬ȥԷ
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ѡҲ¹ںڰ
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¹һûڣоԼְֿˡ
ʵϣıˡ
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ʱ򣬳ԵԽ٣¹ԭҰܳԵԽࡣ
ǿɲð¹׺ȥԷ
˵ˣҲȫǺơ
Ҫ¹ѡ˲ѳĻ¹ԭҰҲû취ǵʵʵ¹һݣ
˵˵¹ԭҰС¹С¹ԼľԼ
¹ԭҰ͸һ޹
ģϲ飬ȽϹԼѾˣû˸Լӷ顣
ѳϳϲģǿҪԵڶ룡
аȣνĵڶ룬Ҳ¹ԭҰһڵѡ
õ˵ڶϣϾͰˣԼץιԼ
Ϊѳ֮һһĶһõӤ׸ֲֲÿӣǾֻѡˡ
ϳ꣬Ѿһޡ
ͺϰߵذߴȥϴˡ
¹ԭҰеᡣ
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Ϊ𨳤ĻټӲ٣ͬǲΪˣ֪ϰ࣬˵Ҫ۾ۡ
԰粻Է
ú죬Ѿ̫Էʱˡ
ͬ³Էʱϡ
òʲôӰɣ
ҪҲڳԵô߰㡭
Ǹϴ׻ϴ·ɡ
¹ԭҰһţһ֮ǰʰİ棬һ
ôһҪǲ֪ˣƻ𨲻Ǵȥϰ࣬ȥҳߵġ


133 
Ĳһȥ𣿡𨱧, һؿ¹ԭҰҿԵæȥϰġ
Ѿǿʮˣ¹ԭҰ֪, ͬ, ԼӦ緹ɡ
ɽϰ, ôԵ
ʮ˻ĥĥ䲻ȥ, ۻֲ֪Ҫʱ䣬ˣһȥϰ, ʱ
а˸Сʱ
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ǰһ, ôû뵽أ
ҪǷҲܹȥǰ칫ϰĻ
ⲻǰ칫
²ض˶, ϱ⧲ŵС˦Լһƣ¹±ƣڼҵȵ, Ͼȥʣ
ȵȣ¹ԭҰһѰѰ޶סˣȻڳһȷʵĶ, ϸĻ
ÿϰҪ԰һȫͬǡ
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Ȼϰĸ¹ԭҰҲǸ񣬿֪ûиĹ
ȫ֪ôһദ
֪ʲô
Ժ
оǰӦǹһҵ, ¹ԭҰôеİɡ
Ļ¹ԭҰСϰȻæµЩʤڰ
ǵԼСϰˡ
¹ԭҰȫûӺһŵǧԣԷ仯ٶҲΣôڴ칫š
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ԿæʵУ˵˰٣ҲһĹȥġ
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ǰ鳤һ𣬾Ҳˡ
һ뵽鳤׳ԭΣ౾̲סˮ
ⲻƬĵߣ̫ϧˣ
鳤ӦĻһҪ׾Сȹӣ׳İ鳤ұȵСϡ
౾ô˿̵Ѿ۷壡
ֻҪ鳤ܹӦ
΢Цһ£³֣У
ǣƬôܺͳ˷֮أ
С¹Խ裬¹У


134 
¹׽һѧ, ͸оˡ
棬Ǹǽϵıʣأ
衣
ôûп裿
¹׾¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰҲǾ۲;۵ôˡ
ϸòᴳ˰ɣ
϶ǰչŵ, ϴ, ҲܺܺõӦ, ܲס¹ԭҰİ
ϲͺ˵Ҫȥϰడ, ҪҪһȥġ¹Լܾˡ
¹ԭҰôһѣ¹ˡ
ǻʵ¹ҪҪһȥϰࡣ
ôʣ¹׿϶Ҫܾ, ¹Ҫѧ, ֲô, ڼеóԽš
粻Է𣿡¹ʡ
¹ԭҰһС峴ѷ¹ǰΪûгԵ, ¹׽ǿҪҪš
¹ԭҰû취ֻø, , ܵԴ͡
ɾû˵˰
¹׺׵ؾ¹ԭҰĻ, ϾͶǸֵֻĴͿʼˣˮҪסˡ
˲ԼûĿˮ¹׺ڴ¹ԭҰǻʲôͣǳ𣿡
ԵҲ֪֪ٲԷûʱˡⶼʵжʱ, ¹ûôʱˡ
ر绹ֵҵΪֻǳдһƪ򵥵Ŀġ
ǰʦҪϸˣ
һҪּ, ÿſԡ
ղǾûʱ䣬˵Ŀɲ¹ף¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰʹ¹׵֣ÿζҪһһֵؿȥ, رʱ䣬ʱûκ֣ȴǰȦ
¹Լ־Ͳȫŵļ¼﷭ˣСãˡ
¹ԭҰŶÿû취ֻܽӹæ
ԼҲÿû취ֻ¹
ҪǲеĻ
¹ԭҰͰ¹ȥѧ鷨
Ҫټȥ¹ԭҰԼ͵ȻȥСѧ
֪ڰÿղ׳ڰϵʱ򣬷Լһճֲдʱж
׵ǣ¹ԭҰȻڲ˰ٶ֮󣬾ðٶȵǸǴģ
¹ԭҰã鷨ʦʲôģ׼ɡ
ȥС¹ٵ÷һ

μɽľۻ֮󣬰ǴСش
ʱֶ˼
ǴһС¹ϵļġ
ţСֻ֪˲٣֪˼Ծֻһݣ֪̣ϾͲˡ
ϺС¹Ժ̣ţСˣ
ڸȻǹſֹ԰Է˵ȫ⡣
أҲλôǮ͡
ֻܳаСѴСĿϰ
ҪʲôԺƸ˵Ӵ
Ƹȫ
˵ģ¹׺Ҫܹ׻͵ʲôơ
ַ˻أ
Լѧϰһ£ǱͿϰʲôģҲ̫˰ɣ
رϣûг󣬾Ѿôϰڵˣ͵Ƿ
С¹գ
ҲͳɶҲ֪ƭɣ
ԺӦ㻹ܲܵóѣ
ȻˣûеɽҲ׼˸¹׺ϵϾҲɽ칫ҽе
񣬳ȥĺ˼˵ԼǳӴ
ô೤İ£С¹ϣһ˲˴ӳƶСľ롣
Ѱı㵱ݸѧ¹ףȥԱ߳Եģ¹ԭҰͰС¹鷨ʦ顣
Ǯ̫ˣ
Ψһǣغûʲôرʦ
Ҹ鷨ʦѧһѧֱӸС¹Ҹʦһλ
С¹ֵҵҲ֪Ҳ㲻̫
¹ԭҰǸ⣬ãһλıȽϺá
˵ͨ鷨ʦУѾкõѡˣﲻúõģѡһأ
˵ɽ񸻹
𿴸ԭֻһֻл԰˿״ԪСѬգΪɽ񣬿֮־Ҫ˿롣
ŵ˵һֻرĻ
һ֣˵ġ
¹׸Ÿѧ϶û⡣
ȷû
¹ԭҰûмɽ񸻹󣬶֣ܾú鷨еԶ
ǿôŵӣ¹ԭҰǴӦðС¹ȥɽ񸻹Ǳ߰ʦ
е㲻ģҲȥˡ
֮ǰ¹ԭҰͺˣȺɽʲôطϰ࣬ȥϰྐྵȻǳţǽ˰¹䡣
¹ԭҰԼһ£֪¹澹ȻһϷһĶ
Ǿͨɽ칫ҵġ
ɽ񸻹ûµȻɽ칫ҡ
һ㶼ڸ԰
ڸ԰İ칫ҵ˸û˵أͿɽ񸻹һ߹ΧһתȦ
תתţذ¹ԭҰһߣʣ¸¹ס
ȷʲôһ¹׵Ŀ֨Ѱ㻹ǵǸ󰡣
¹֪ʲô󰡣
Լİ˾һֵװأ
Ǹ򰡣
ְң
ڵ鷢չ¹ԭҰҲǲˣ𨲻˵õĴ鷨ʦ
ôĴʦˣ
¹ԭҰʲôɽʲôǰһԼʲôأ
¹ԭҰǼˣɽһģɽ񸻹òҵԼ״Ԫˣô֣
Ͱ¹ԭҰˡ
Ҫǰ𨼰ʱںţ¹ԭҰ϶Լ̡
԰Ϊģһ¹ԭҰϺ¹ףһɽ񸻹
һŸȥһ߶˵侲£齲ҵĺ¹ף˼ϣ
Ų¹ԭҰ¹ףȻú͸˼һ㶼񣬵ǸѾųˣ˵ζ
֪Լڰ³岻ȥֻܺ˵ȫľ룬Ҫ¹׾ðȫľ룬֪ģҵȰϵתѾˡ
ƽ֮ǰѾ˼ǧ꣬ãã˺Ҫҵһжѣûܱȸˡ
ֻôһҲûš
ƽٽˣҪټһִҲŲ
Ϊͻôֱһ죬û뵽飬ϡ
Ÿ˵¹ԭҰˣǡ
ո˵ģǼҵС¹Ǹǰ״Ԫ˼ϵת
¹ԭҰת۲ԼҵС¹
û״Ԫġ
ȷ
ڻҵı𣡡¹ԭҰ⻰蹷ˡ
¹ԭҰҲ˼Ǹо籾еã͸֪ɽһ
ǵ֪ɽ֮һ֮¹ԭҰʧ䣬ȹ˼֮󣬲
ʱ𾪾е̫ˡ
ڣ¹ԭҰúú롣
˵ġ
ɽ񸻹̲ס죬ʲô磿˵ľġ
𨿴Ÿһҵ֮ǰ֮ȫԸ񰡣
ǰʶɽ񸻹Сɽ񣬺ƽ֮ʶģԸ˽⣬֮󣬸־˿롣
һ־Ĺ¾Ϳʼˣһֻķı
Ļ
Ҳų֮ǰǸԸģ˼ϵĿԡ
Ҳ˵
С¹ϱӵԸô
¹ԭҰɽԭ͵ҼС¹ǰǼϣȻô죿
ʲôô죿һ⻹˵ı飬ȻǴ˻ؼ
԰˴µĽɽ
һŹʲôӴ
԰ģ
ڸȻΣ¹ԭҰĻظǣƨԡ
ҼС¹ûгϣʹ𣿡
ĬĬվ¹ԭҰĺ棬û˵Ķԡ
¹ԭҰǰķˣҪӣڼϣǰԼʹ
ֻ˵ġ
۰Ͱ͵ؿ¹ףһؼҺ𣿡
¹¹ԭҰĺֶ˶㣬ҶʶΪʲôҪߣòרСİɣ
ǵûдҵϲĸ¹͸¹ԭҰСЩ˷һģһ


135 
ʲôұ, κչ˵ľɽ񸻹
Դӱ¹ײܾ֮̾ɽ񸻹͸شһ
˶ǵġ
԰Ҳ뿪, ھŸ԰㵹, Լ±˹
԰ͼ׼ļ, ûֻйĵط, ﻹǼӴ
ӣɽеܲˡ
˭ܵԼԷ˯ʱһֻƹԱصؿߣ
鳤̹˰
ȥɧŰ, ʹס˷
¹ԭҰѧУʦõҵҲŪеܲ, ˿ڡ
˫һ
, ʲô¹׽ȥ԰ס˼¹׸ĸ˫ȫ, Ҫ
Ȼ¹ԭҰأҲһ, ӦС¹鷨ʦ, ǰ, Ƥ½С¹
Ǿ˫һ¡
¹׳ջһ鷨ʦõһΪл԰
ȵ΢Ϥ֮¹ԭҰʹ, ˭ȡġ
֣, ¹ԭҰûʲôëǸǸ񰡣
ӡ棬Ӧö, 㡣
͸ࡣ
¹ԭҰʶɽţС󣬻ౡ
ɽô
ʼ֣Ƕ˰ѵûвֵ뷨
ţСͻ¹ԭҰ̫ǼĻ¹ԭҰԼܲµõ
ӦǼȡİɡ
Ϊȡ֡
Զ˵ĺ塣
ڳ֮ҲһֱԸ⻻
¹ԭҰԼҪжˣȻ˼Ļش
֣Ҽǲ̫ˣӦ˵ȡİɣ˿״Ԫȡֿ϶Ļ
˵֣Ҳ뻻ˡ
֮ǰһֱûлǵԼ֣˵תҲԼȻѾҵˡ
Ҳû˰ɡ
Ҫȡ֡
ĻΪ֪¹ײܴӦԼ鷨ʦȡ֣ǡ
͵͵ر˴ƹԼдŸ¹׿ˡ
Ȼ¹׸ƹȡ˸
Ƶʷǳ֮ߵ֡ơ
¹ԭҰ֪֮ѾˣȡǸˣӦòʲôνϵ̣Ǽϱ˰ɡ
ȡֵˮ׼תôΣȻԭǸˮƽ
󶼿Цˡ
ƺ͸󡭡
縻أ
븻Ѿô꣬Ҷϰˡ

ͻȻС¹Сļ¹ԭҰƣǸС¹ļͥʦС¹ҵ
ǵûдҵ֮¹ԭҰС¹ҵҲˡ
ȳһ㣬¹ԭҰԼȻ͵ǰҵʲôģɲ¹ԭҰ˦
ֻڼίԵʱ¹ԭҰܾûô϶ѡ
൱ֵذС¹δʮҵȫ˼
ƾɵЩ¹ԭҰãΪС¹ļͥʦҲΪ
ǽһȰ
ͥʦʲôģɴֻڵǮ˲Żļͥʦ
ͨ˼ңǸСȤҲԼȥЩѵġ
Ļʲôͥʦ
öǮͥʦ
һֱðʵڼ￿¹ԭҰģڿˣǸ׬ǮҵǸ
ûС̫ǼôѧʦŮѧͱ˼ȥ
С¹Сʮ˰
ǮĹʦİ
Уҵޣͨգ̻˵λʦΪ˸õؽС¹ȥʦʸ֤޸ͯѧأ
ôõʦ
Ҳ֪ܲǼ˼մմ⣿
˼¹ԭҰʱ¹ԭҰһˮǺ
̵Щ¹ԭҰԱߣҲһ䣬ΪڴţЦû뵽̾Ȼˣ
ŵ¹ԭҰϽҼͨȥˡ
óУҵ֤Լʦʸ֤׼֤
ȻǺܳȷʵʵ
¹ԭҰͷˣΪ˵ЩĶˣ˼ҲѧڵǣΪ¹ԭҰܹģʵ¹ԭҰ
˭ǳ˭
¹ԭҰԼüȥ㶨
Ҳ֪˵ʲôû˵飬ҲûΪܾᣬǰһ档
¹ԭҰں棬ȥһ¼ô˵ģ
˼õĸİ취š
¹ԭҰˣ𿴼˽˻˼ұֲǸˡ
úֶν취ģΪʲôҪ˷ѿࣿ
¹ԭҰҲǣûٹˡ
ĴڣҲ¹
¹ԭҰһЩ˵˵ˣҲû˵̫ϸ¹ְ¹Ǳߣ¹ԭҰûűȽϺá
С¹С¹ǼҾǶһļͥʦԼһƵĴƹѡ
Ǻǰһûʲô仯

԰˽ˣ¹ԭҰʵûΪһһԱƵ˽ˣһײˣֶ˵
¹ԭҰһͨˣȻû֪԰
֪һ˽˹ݵϰ壬¹ԭҰʶΪӦúܲ

˼Ҹš
ȫˣĵ˽˹ݣ
ǵȻǿͷ
Բ͹ˣ
ĥҲܰһĥĴ䡣
ȻŬȷʵǿֲһ츳ϵĲֻ࣬гʦգʵʳĽϣʳ
ðĸ԰š
İ¹䣬ɽжһݵġ
Ȼ𨱾û˵Ǵһ¹ǰֻܲһɽɽô򵥡
͹¹䣬ںƽǰһĶ츣أǶǷƷһš
Ȼƽ֮󣬶츣Ҳ˻ˣɱһ˿⡣
Ҳǰ¹ĲƷϣͻطҪúܶࡣ
ð԰ˣҲġ
ǰǻϴӦѡ
ܼô˵Ըڸ԰ϰͷˣ𨶼ϸˣأ
ƶûУϴһ¹İ¹˹Ϲ߲ˡ
ɫǻӣǲǵΣеӢİ鳤ˣ
Ƴһۼ󣬲˵㻰ôࣿ⻹벻ˣ
룡Ȼ룡
ǰ¹⣬ôܲ
ļ󻹽ɱ񣬰ĻǾ¹ԭҰͰ˶ɱ
ѪŪþ͸ɱֳһ
⣬ء
ɱҪ⧲ʱ򡭡һ˵ţһŴţȻɱ֡
ϵ˵ǣûӦʲôˣ͹ˡ
Ϊʱûʲôʹ࣬Ǹͷıͷǳİꡣ
¹ԭҰ˺ԵҲǳݡ
ָ¹ԭҰһ⡣
ò˵רҵҵĲô
¹ԭҰǰҲȻҲܺóԣûôÿ
һһĺ⣬䣬ηڽɫ֭棬ΡΡؿһ
Ѿ˵ģÿӺɵؾͿ԰жϣ£¹ԭҰôüжϣ
Ȼһ߲֣
ôĺ⣬ζȴġ
ŴĺԴճԣֻо׽ʱܸоһ㡣
¹ԭҰ֮ǰԺʱ򣬾ͺ׷ųԣһ⣬ȫûʱ䣬Ҳû㣡
ʲô׷ѽ
Ȼ
׷Ǹ򣬺ͱ˳˰
ǵɵǲǻҪѵһǡļ
ٶȶô
Ǽ˵Сֻ¹ԭҰ𨣬С¹ͼ
ϣ
ȻܳԷ˵ûԺʱ
ɰģڹ˹ʱ򣬿лִζ㡣
ſڱ棬࣬˼Ѿɵúϵİɫɰˡ

һֱɢźóԵζ
֪İְֺ裬õİְ裡
ʲôóԵģһڡ
һӤĸΡ
Ȼ
ѧ˹ֵ˼


136 
˵¹ԭҰ־ͿŰٶ, ԼԼϹ񤱡ĥҰɵĻǼӦþ˾ѧԺͳ
Ȼ˼Ҳ˼һ԰
֪ô
, Ѿ㹻ָ¹ԭҰˡ
֪¹ԭҰС֮ǰ, ûרȥѧ, ֻˣ
¹ԭҰС
ͷѾ
ǲֻҪòӣܿһҵˣ
ã˺þãղž¹ԭҰš
ΪԼ, ͵Ϊ˸¹׵Ļʳˮƽɡ
Ψһǣ̸¹ԭҰЩɫЩʺϳ˽˹, Լҵķϡ
ųԵһá
鷳Ҳ, ûҪʹҰĻֳĻۼ۶ڰ˾ʮӽһٵļ۸, οҰ
ʹ۸ϣ¹ԭҰͲѧǵĲ
ⲻţ⣬ʮҵţ, ¹ԭҰͨÿĳɱ, ӽԼЩɱ棬Ǯѧǳţ⡣
ǻ
, Լڼﳢɡ
¹ԭҰ޷ؾ, Ϊʲôʾ̫óˣ
̵Щ, ¹ԭҰƽʱôӴ, ȻҲ뵽Ҫȥģֺģ԰ҹĲɫ
¹ԭҰƽʱľ͡
ȻҲܰҹ, ЩСϺ⣬ը֮ģڽֱߵС԰
¹ԭҰǰ֪Եʱ򣬾ͺܲ⣬մΪʲôҪը֮Ҫըһ鲻
ΪʲôҪأ
ڲ֪ը֮Ϊ죬Ϊ˸ʳһֿڸС
¹ԭҰԵը֮
ҪǲըĻ¹ԭҰأ
ը֮Ǹڸлζ
¹ԭҰҲڲ֪Լôϲġ
ò˵ĵ¹ԭҰҵĻʳֱ˺üȼ¹ףϣԵһ㡣

ٽԪ¹Ҳʼæµ
ҪСѧǰһԪݣΪѧУõĸȤ֮һΪôҸܵʱĳɹ¹׵Ŀʦ׼ǳһĿ
ĸȤ࣬һѣһ٣鷨Χ塣
鷨ΧĽĿ̫óֻܿǳѰͿٰˡ
ѰǼƻһѺ࣬ǿٱݣ󲿷Ƕ࣬ͳѵĺ˼ҺƺƵôһǶһվƾͲһ
ʦҲģҲѧһѧڣ˶಻һڣ˵ܳ
ǱƣʦǻƴȽϺһ㡣
ٶ࣬ζſʦԴӰٴõļͬѧǽרѵһĿ꼯ˣЧҲܸõس
¹׾Ǳѡеһ
ʼҲ׼ٵڣѾܹĸˡ
֪¹ױѡϿٱ֮󣬼ͱֵúʤǼƣ͸ڼҳҪͺȥ߿һ
¹׳ԺúȺôãͲ¹׹ˡ
ռ˵ǣʦûѡ¹ȥμԪݵĻǾкĻ
ô㣡
ôѡأ
¹ԭҰʵҲһԼ¹׵ţûм죬ȻڼĻܾø鲻ôֿ
¹ԭҰˡ
С¹Ӧѡϡ
ûѡϵĻҲҪ¹ԭҰԼڼŪһСԪݣ¹׵ǳݡ
ԤļƻûʵʩΪ¹ױɹѡˡ
Ԫ죬ѧУǿŵģӭλҳѧУιۺǵԪݡ
ΪԪʵԪǰһ磬ǹգ󲿷ּҳйܸϹۿ
¹ԭҰйģԪż١
ѧУӽͿʼţȡѧǶѧˣȻԷ¹ԭҰҲʱġ
ϼҴڵŸȥѧУ
ԪݳģҳǴСŽȥõ滹λãǸطĹۿЧرã¹ԭҰվűϡ
Ȼ˵㣬̨˵ı鶼ܿһ
¹ԭҰһûȵǼС¹̲סڰֻˡ
ˢСѧ΢Źںŷֱӡ
ȥһ̨ڱݵĽĿ
¹ԭҰһλã˳ŷͿӰĴڡ
ͻȻоԼеˣѧУ׼Ӱõ¼λãֱڼֱ¼¼ͺ
Ҳˣλûġ
¹ԭҰӰĶֻͳˣԼָƽ֮ȻֻСѧԪݡ
Ȼ󡭡
Լ͵ȥѧУѧУԪˡ
һ϶ʱٰġ
õλã¹ԭҰǼңֱ߾ҲԶѵõǼҵWiFiźţź̫̫ϡ
ȻԪݣ¹ԭҰڿѧУ֮󣬲òϣѧУԪݣСѧԪݾʶˡ
˵ȻСѧ
¹ԭҰ˼ҵԪݳԣ£֪˵Ļᵽ¹׵ʱ¹ԭҰŷӦ
Ͻֻ¼ܴ򿪡
ǳװ״ˡ
ܿһС¹ֳݳҲǲġ
Ȼͷһ̨ݣ̨ôĹڣ¹׽ŵСȶе㶶ˣٵϢôȡ
ؾͰʦŵĿˡ
һ£֮Ҳû¹ʲôˣ¹׾ʹӺ̨̨϶ˣְ軹ܵܶˣ
ҲֻϤˣ¹ײŻԼղŵ˵
߶߶رһС졣
ְ֪Ҹղ̨ϵʱж𣿡
֪
һ֪Ҹղŵȶһǰѿٴˣǲǳ¹С͵¹ԭҰء
¹ԭҰȻҲǺĵظһȻŵڲϣȻһѿС¹
¹׵ӡְʵǺٱԼġ
¹׿ǰЩƬ֪ԼСʱ򣬰ְ־豧һԼ
Ǻܾǰ飬¹׶Ѿˡ
м俪ʼ¹׾һֱԼ·
ְֺٻᱧ¹ʵһֱеĽСϵģ뱻ְֱһΡ
¹׵ССԸ¹ԭҰ
Ĵ󱦱¹ԭҰţ˷ܵض̲סʼˡ
ְֲϹŵ¹ϾͲµְָղһԼˣ
¹׻֪Լݵôһ´󱦱Ĵ֮¹׾Ҫ¹ԭҰĻ뿴ְְԼĳʲôˡ
ѧʹ÷¹ײ¹ԭҰ֣ԼܴĸղƵϣǡ
ôû
¹ԭҰʱذѰֻ˹ղ¼ƵȻվԱܹ¹׽ŵȶڶ
Ƶһ㶼
¹׵ıֳõġ
¹ԭҰ֪СҪ
Ȼ󡭡
¹׵Ĺע㣬ȫԼıϣԼ
Сѧ̨ݣʦҲױģ¹ΪһֱǱְִģԶڻױⷽ棬ʵ̫
֪ùûױ֮Ư
ʦױʱ¹ʵͦڴģһֱԼữʲôӣ
᲻˧
˧ְֶϲ
¹ʵеСɬġ
Ϊ̨ûоӣ¹׻ױҲ֪Լʲôģֻܿ˵
˵
˵¹׾еûǶҪ̨ˣ¹ҲֻӲͷƤȥȵ̨ôʱ¹ֻǵýȥˣﻹǵԼ
һ
ղ̨ϾȻ
һ㶼ÿ
¹ССܵش¹ԭҰϲϳˣҪ¹ԭҰȥϴϵĶϴɾ˲Ÿҳˡ
ĿʦȥѧУʳʱ¹׶ϳǿʦ͹ġ
õһʳ¹׿һ㶼ˡ
һ뵽ղȻǸվôǰ
ôóԵʳο¹˵飬ʲôοȥ
ֻ¹ԭҰֻ˵ûѡ
ʵϣȻױݷǳţ¹ڣôڣҲڲȥġ
¹ԭҰѧУֱ棬кЩ¹׵ء
˵¹׻ױƯ֮ġ


137 
¹ԭҰ˵Ļ, ¹׾ں
ǿֱЩ֪˭ۣ¹׵ˡ
˺ö֮¹ܰ¶Źȥˡ
ڽСڸ˵, 濴¹׵ı, ¹ҲɫغͽС̨ϴٵ顣
¹׻󷽵˽Сںʳ
ܳԵĶԽԽˡ
ֻҪ¹ԭҰ¹ر˵ܸϳԵĶ, ǹ֮ģϻܳԡ
ܹһӳ𣬾ʳֱյС˵, жҪ
ǳҪ
Ϊÿ춼ܳԵóԵĶϵûзյģǼ˭, ֺǺǵġ
һ㶼ûǸС¹Ӱӡ
˵Ǳ, ¹ԭҰҲ̲ס, ̣ǲ֪ʱ˻һ
ȻˣҲǿЦ˵
ϾϵΪʲô, Ϊʲôɵ, ܱ¹ԭҰ
ȫΪ
˼ϲܳԵʱҲŵ, 쵱ϵԺ, ˼Ҳһ飬˼ҳԡ
˵һСӤ, ˸ʮˡ
϶Ҳ
˵ⶼҪ¹ԭҰ
, ǲǸˣ
Ժȶ֣ôҪ, ϳԺúȺˣҲû۸ѵҪ
ϲŲְ޵Ը
Ǳ۸ˣҲҪƾʵ
Ȼˣܱܲһ¡
¹ԭҰǰϡ
λ¹ΣǱ˳ġ
ܳԵĶԽԽ࣬¹ԭҰڳµĿԴȪÿοϳԵԼǰûԹģζõʳᾪȵԲ͡
¹ԭҰ̲סЦǡ
ͰذС¹͵ȥ˹Ƶ˼ͥȺ档
𨱾֣¹ԭҰ͵͵֪ڸʲôһرʾܡ
Ϊ׼ʲôСϲģ
ȻŪϣ
¹迴Ƶʱ򣬱Ϊ¹ԭҰǷʲôϵճСȤ£һص㿪׼Сôˣ
⧲ؾͿϲͣȵĹ顣
һںڲϲ
ͱȽϴˣƵĽܶȣǺܺãΪ¹ԭҰΪƵͣ顣
ֱӴ绰ȥ¹ԭҰһ٣¹ԭҰòײŽ
¹֪û۸΢˳һ㣬ǾƵе㲻ܽܣǵȹ˵绰֮
¹棬ǻϵǸȹա
̲סֵ㿪һΣΡ
ǵ޷ܣҲһһʧˣ˵
¹ְֵ·̣ҲǺ¹һģ޷ܵܣ¹񣬿ƵϾֺˡ
¹ԭҰ˸绰ƵôģҲǼСƵ
ò˵¹¹ԭҰļҳСںϣ¹ףĿ˵Ǻܿˡ
¹ԭҰȻôһƵҲԼ棬ûƵȥ
ǵǰһϢĳҳԼӵƵճΪƵݣӾԼðˡ
¹ԭҰʱվǱߵģҲһ
ϵƵ¹ԭҰֻ¹裬¹ְ֣𨣬¹н⼸˿֮ǰҲ˵ǲҪ⴫
ɲһЩЦƵ濴ԼӵӰ
ȻֺˣǵĻô뷨˭Ҳ֪
¹ԭҰҲ֪ǿܻǽܣĵطϡ
Ϊֹܹ¹ԭҰ
ǵĺ
磬ŴŴΡΡĺ⣡
¹ԭҰԼԻҪ˼ϵƤӵһȦһȦ
ǹҵǰĿˮ㿴

ŲԣϵʱǸ

Ԫ֮ļ죬ͻȻһλҳϵ¹ԭҰ
˵С¹ҽطǼҺӹա
ʵģǼҺһֱڴգѾϿˣ֪յĩʱ򣬶ѾЩѹˡ
ΪԪż٣ԭżٵĩҪΣȻȻؾˡ
ҳҲҪӰ࣬Ҳûʱӹա
ȻʧҲʾ⡣
ҳúյʱ򣬳һԼյ⣬ᵢ¹ԭҰǵ£͵ʱ򣬰ѵһУָһԾˡ
ûջᣬԿյ⣬Ҳǹˡ
¹ԭҰ֮ʹӦǣҳҲܸлʾ磬ǰѵ͹ġ
ĩ졣
ʮҵʱ䣬ҳõˣѵ͹ˡ
һ⵰⣬ӡűѩԵɯŮĶȻҲûرװΣǾͿõļǮӺöࡣ
¹ԭҰǩ˵⣬ͼҳ˵һ֮󣬾ͰѵʱϣλҳĺӹԷ
λҳĺӽ櫣Ǹж
ΪԼգڴ˰ջһֱǱȽϵġ
ǿóԵķˣҲûĶ١
ڿϰŵյʱ򣬶ٻǴʹ櫵ġ
ƿǸյ⣬ѡԶλóԷ
¹ԭҰһֱڿûУˣѾԷˣŵ⵽Աߡ
櫿¹ԭҰΪе²⣬ֲš
ֱ¹ԭҰİѵǰȻ
ְ͸ĵ⣬櫣տ֡
յ֮⣬櫵ĸĸ͵͵ش绰ϵ櫵ĺѣǽ絽С¹ҳԵ⡣
櫵ĺѶӦˣ׼ڽ֮ǰһֱûиʵࡣ
櫿ԼļѣջᣬȻȫһȴõջᡣ
ˣ͸һյף
ҲԼյ⣬ָڳеˡ
¹ԭҰҲõһݡ
¹ԭҰǷøϳˡ
Сڳŵ⣬źһ櫣ǸĽСҲôһհ
Сڵ󣬴ǹİ¡
Ŀѧʱ䣬Сڵջں٣עѧͻġ
Ҳ˵ڼգ뼸˶ԣջᣬСһ룬Сǲˡ
ϻԡ
Ҳ֪Сں¹˵ʲô¹ͻȻܹ¹ԭҰְ֣ϵʲôʱ򰡣
Сڿ˵Ƿǳǵˡ
գ¹ѧҲУˡ
ǻһϰ
˵أ
ϵȻǿԵˡ
վչ¹ԭҰûϹա
ֲ֪ʲôкóԵĺúȵˡ
գ˵Ϲ˵ϵտ֡
¹ԭҰŪ¹Сʱ¶ʱҲǱ¹ԭҰôȥġ
¹ôһʣ¹ԭҰʲô׵ģ
Ҳ¡
ջᣬ¹ԭҰãǻС¹ջᣬ
ȻҲǿǹ˸գ櫵գ˵ˣʵҲһ˿С⣬Ȼ˸
ʱݣ˼ֻһʱ䣬ܶһ͵ûȥϿΡ
ʲôĽģ
¹ԭҰе㲻⡣
ҪԼѡĻ¹ԭҰ϶ѡС¹ٵջᡣ
ߣʳƬӦоУãʲôʲô˶ܣ¹ԭҰСʱûйջᡣ
˵ģ¹ԭҰ¹СʱҲǲôյģոԭûôԵ͵⣬Ϊ͵⣬ԲŹա
͵Ļǽվôˡ
˵ǳͷβʵˡ
¹ԭҰСʱ򣬻ϸ˼Ҷģ˵ǸӹգμջȴǺӵѣǰְѡ
ӳԱ˷յ⣬˳ˣֻʣһȺΧһľƲƱյ
ԼգȴԼһϵûС
¹ԭҰǼҾͺöˣ¹ԭҰ¹յʱ¹¹ְֲԼЩѺԷ


138 
μջЩŮ, ʶ˺ܾõѣҲڵѡ
֮ϣҪΪһѧǸеĸ
ǰѧ, һĺ, Ǹ, Ǻȴûпϣѧ
ȻڲͬѧУΪȽϽ, ۵Ļܹ۵ġ
ֻæѧϰûôʱ档
Ըѧ, 櫺ԼĺѾûô, о鶼˲٣ôڴջ, ҲһΪ˺ͺѾһ¡
֮ǰѧʱ櫾˵С¹СˣʱҲȥС¹С, Ķ̫ˡ
֪ʱС¹Ѿˡ
ιȥû, 櫵ĻԾеˡ
ѧʱ֪С¹ҿʼһ, оͳ, ûо뷨ɹˡ
֮, ȥԼĺ˵, Ҳȥһ£һһѧУ, ԺÿԷҲ档
ȻӦǻѾˡ
Ѿȫꡣ
櫵ѣڵǸ֮ʶģ֮ǰҲص㣬ΧǺ˽⣬򵥵㣬ѧУʳóԷҲûȥС¹СҲûô˵
Ƕһʱ֮üС¹СҲ֪һЩ
Ϊ櫳ѣ֪þ͸һ㡣
Ϊμ櫵ջһεС¹С
Ȼղŵע󲿷ֶϣǸղڰ櫷ֵʱ򣬽Ҳע⵽˵ķˡ
ѧУʳõĲףһԷųһܵģԽ֪Ĳɫʲô
һؼһ˿йǸսѧУʳó˰ѧڵľÿ˶
ǸصУзֵģһʳòɫʵܹʳôʦˮƽߵġ
زˣҲ˿ǳˬ࣬дͽԼɫǿ̵ġ
Ҳ֪ǲɺϣС¹ҵķˣȻͽѧУʳõĲɫײˡ
һؼһˣһ
ȻˣΪμ櫵ջᣬûȥʳõĲˣ櫵ǽһЩ
ͺը
ЩˣʵѾԹˣζҲǲġ
櫺ܴ󷽵ذԼķ˺ͺѷƽʱѧУҲ˵С¹Сķ˺óԣǴҶûԹ
һֱҲôţ˿ŵַ
ǰҲģ⡣
лǳ櫷ǵ֪֮ǰ˵ģ˿Ű
дʵ
ÿ˶ֻؼ櫺ͺһÿӰؼֳСݣĻǽС÷֣ڿ
Ҳǰǩġ
͹̫һִͷ⣬ͷƫƫٵģ𳿸оӦϰԼġ
СǶԼؼ֭׷ը渽һףһš
𳿾Ͳˣȼһؼ
ؼģҧ֮󣬾ܿؼĿ϶ṹÿһζĽ֭ʵҲвͬ
ˮ𣬻𣬱ȽӾǴŹǡ
ЩȻ𣬵ǻŸ
㲻ȥڵˮϣеԽܡ
𣬷ؼ棬ȷʵǡô
زˣȴĿڸУζζдһ˿˿ζ᲻÷¡
ؼ϶ǲġ
¹ԭҰӼǱѧģؼҲը֮ٷŽȥġ
ڸбֱҪãڵζĻ¹ԭҰ˵ĿζǺܵصĽϿζҶϲڲˡ
ڲ˺ڲ֮ǰҲģ¹ԭҰĵζץ֮󣬱ǰˡ
򵥵ؼһζռ˵ǣ¹ԭҰؼǿǿ԰Ĳ˵ˡ
ȻǽССǺССȥƤ鷳СһھܳԵüŴĿڸзǳá
ֻԼ򵥵ĽΣҲ׸
ͷܶ࣬˵ǿ⴮ͷȷһ㡣
󲿷ֶǹͷֻôһ㣬ǾǹͷԱߵ⣬رó԰
Ϊ֮ףųԵһСڼ⣬ͷͼĶԱȣý𳿲˴
ʵһҲûôŵȫǹͷֻǽڳԵ֮󣬱ζ²̰ĵҪԸࡣ
Ӱ£Ȼ̫ˡ
ٵý𳿾ֻܳζͷĲ֣ҲҪҧϸϸ˱ͷÿһζſϰݡ
ʵͦһСŮǼͷ֣Ǽеģ˵ǰѹͷҧֲŵΪ
Ǿڽ죬ٷȫˡ
ΨһеοģǾǺһСǣҲôˡ
ǹϵܺõС飬ΪҵĹϵֽһ
СŮǰ趨̷ȫԵøɸɾˮı飬Ҳ˳Ǹ֨֨ҧ档
ڵѾеˣǺĿ֣ǱģӦ˱עԵԱʶؼ˱
ղΪԵûȣҶֵĽҲԣС¹С
Ŀı飬˶һ¡
С¹СҲûпů⣬ȴһ櫸Ͻѱ鶪ͰȻɵЩ˽ȥ
գǽɲиˣҪĸ߿Ҫʱиˣǻһӵģ
Ȼǡ
¸ѧлĻҲ뱨С¹С
ǰûԹ治á
һ˲֪櫵ЩǾհ
ǳգ
С¹һ㶼û˵
˵Щֻ˾ڴţûвκԵ
Ҫȥʳ̽꣬ڲţ궼ܸŪˡ
ڵĿֻ¸ѧڣ¸ѧڵĸ߿ϣûȥǵǰͲûиǵϵ
¸ѧܳɹرС¹ңڶѾ˰
ϵѧڣһˣǳԷʱǲ˰
ʱǳڶݵҸаɣܳһһ졣
¹ԭҰǱ߿ɲ֪ЩСŮͷЩʲôҲ֪ԼС¸ѧֶ˼Ԥۡ
֪Ҳν
ܶԤۣǼСʮ
仨˼ȥעǣ¹ԭҰúõس谮ԼǰĿأ
һ̵ĿͰǰѳСɽǻ棬ˡ
õǼǣʵҲǼܣһֻȥ˼Ƥȣ⣬ͷӣ֮ʣĹͷӡ
ΪȫǹͷҲͷ
һ㶼ȥġ
ͨ˼Ͳգǵļֻ̯ɱˣؼԼǶɺռԡ
Ҳһˡ
һεļܣð¹ļϵļܣɿ飬֮ٴǩ棬Ȼ󶪽ը
ը֮ٷ̿濾ˢϿ⽴Ȼ档
һ㶼ͣر㡣
ܹͷ౾ȱ㣬ôһȱ㷴ŵ㣬ͷԽԽ㣬ǵĲ֣ҧ֨֨ģ¹ԭҰôԶԲ
ڳֿʱ򣬾رơ
ǩһߣֱӾͰһԽȥˣͷǰȫʲôɵؾҧ飬ʡȥ¹ͷ鷳
Ϊһ㣬ʱ䣬˼Ҳֻܳһ
¹ԭҰҲе֣ССسһ飬֡
ͷȻܳԣǽǣӲͷĲĲҪ˳ԵԼҲԡ
Ϊ¹ԭҰ̲ȥ
ˣרĿйͷɣԹͷ鲻רҵ
¹ԭҰҸһô࿾һԸʹ죡
˾õġ
ԶٳԶ٣С¹¹ԭҰǳԿ̫Ľˣ


139 
Ǹطֵĸ, һѧǳӣѧǵѧϰ, ѧУ쵼, ҲһֱڹעѧǵĶ̬
Ȼѧûôɵ, ȥʦǷԼЩ¶
ǻѧУ̳ϷӰԡ
ȻǸнʽУɸе, ȫˡ
ѧУ̳Ա϶ʦ︺ġ
Ҳ֪ŹԱƤĵǹ, ЩȽʦ, ͽطſˡ
̳ǽһġ
ѧȣĲ֪ĸѧĸʦˡ
ЩʦҲ;͸ճУţҲͶʮʮ, ֽѧУֻʮ, ʮĺദ, 䲻ûˡ
Ϊһʦ, ҲʲôΣòſŻѧ, ƽʱҲǽ̽ܲ壬ټԼԸͱȽ׺ͣǺѧǴһƬ
̹ѧ, ûһġ
ЩЩͬѧܵغ̣ȾҲ
ΪԼȽУȳĽѧ񣬻һЩʦ̳󲿷ֶڹܵġ
зʲôӣȾҪһʱȥ
Ҳ٣ΪﺢҪͻѧϰˣҲûж˼ȥ¡
ѧϰ֮⣬ǸȤģܾǳԺ˰ɡ
ϾôҪѧϰҲܲԲȡ
ԼҲûҶ󣬴ѵľ޴йͰѰԵĺȵġ
˵ѧͦġ
ÿ춼ѧУϿΣǰѧУΧһ飬ʲôóԵĺúȵģȫǸˡ
ʱרȥѧЩȥԣ˵Ϊҵ˺üұصأ
ȻеСźôʱˣһֱûҵһҲֵ֪ĵꡣ
տѧǻѧУʳԷţԱѧǱ߲һڼ׻нζĲ
ȴӿѧǻǵڡ
ɾһֱûҵǼҵꡣ
ȻѧҲ֪ǵİ༶֣ôҲŲ
ôûмӣΪһڼ׻ͽȥѧⷹġ
㲻ʦѧҲŲڰ
һֱеСźպûΣȾԼĹλϣ򿪵Թ̳䣬չǴ·ӿʼġ
Ϊһϰߣʶؿ˿˷ʱ䣬и˸ʱ䡣
ѧʱ㿴ʲô
Ͽʱ䷢ĻǻϾܹȷѧΥѧУ涨ֻ͵͵ѧУһϿεʱֻ
ÿη֣ѧУҪһֻˡ
ѧʼܻе֣̫ףǴһܾ࣬˷Ӧˡ
ڻϷʱ䣬϶һ¡
Ȼ⻹ǽϿֻĸ⣬Ƕܿһ㡣
·ӣҹ޽֮󷢵ģʱ䣬Ӧҹ޽֮û÷ģҲ˵ѧֻˡ
ϿûķϣȾȷŹ
ѧ׷ʲô
ͺܼ򵥴ֱС¹Ҹѹա
ȻϷӣѾкü˻ظظҲ࣬С¹ңǲС¹С
С¹СǸеֹ̳ʱڸտѧһʱ䣬һʱĳƵرߡ
ең־ܹȫǾס
еǳɹС¹Сص̳ͬС¹СķѣԺѧһȥԷš
Ǹȵķ¥Ŀģҫҷѡ
ϧΪ󲿷ֵ˶֪С¹С¥һֱǱߺʹҿС¹СûдﵽԼҫĿġ
ںûҵѣɹ飬ӵ¥Ҳûг˵
ȷʵмѧ˵ԼС¹С
һЩ֪С¹СҲûܳɹ¥ҫĿѧȺϧǸʱ¥ߣûлǡ
һԷСǿ˿ơ
ʱ˸ġ
һεʱ䣬С¹СĳƵʿʼʽ½
Ҳ£ֱյӣ
¥ˮƽȻ㣬дһʳÿ֣ͨܵ¥ԵһһС±ؼһСŽ
һɱȵˡ
ֵĹףȥŪʳںһƹˡ
ܹӵ̼ҵ׳ʳܹ׬Ǯжã
ֹȾ͸ɲ
ǸС¹Сôó
̲סС¹СˡһôˣҲкܶ࣬ʣ¥һǳ϶Ļظ
ôóԣ
óԹóԣ¥ǲС¹Сıģ
С¹СôţҪһ֣¥Ҫˡ
û뵽ѧǾȻôϲС¹С
ѧУŪһ飬ʳбꡣ
ѡ˹аǵʳá
֮ǰѧУʳãһֱѧУ쵼ŪģΪЩȷʵ쵼רҵҲŪæҵģѧУ;ʳóаȥ
ʵ顣
ѧУڲʦ඼֪˵ģǻûж⹫ѡ
ʽ֪ͨᷢѧУĹϣԸаѧУʳõģͿԲμӾ꣬ܲб꣬Ǿ˵
ԼаѧУʳõĻҲ˵ԷܲС
һ£ܲܲһ¡
ѧĺϲС¹СĻǿϰһ¡
ȻϢǲùԱ˺˵ģȾѧУʳ÷ʽ֪֮ͨ󣬻˸׹ظôһϢ
ںС¹С᲻뾺꣬ûʲôϵ
˵ģ⡣
𳿣ҲǷǸӵ¥Ϣ̲סĶ
Ȼûкͱ˵ѧУĽ̵Σ塣
С¹СܹаѧУʳõĻǽ¸ѧڣͲ
ȻûгԹǽ֪ǴڸԵ飬Ĵ㡣
С¹ҳаѧУʳͲһˣ𳿶ֻڼﰲ׼ѧʱȻܳԵС¹ҵķˡ
С¹СμѧУľ
˵ģС¹С޶Ϊе㲻ȷˡ
룬С¹ҵϰ忪СΪ׬Ǯ
ѧУʳǿɱС׬ˣϰ϶ѡаʳõģ
ôһ룬𳿾Ͱˡ
Ȼһģ͵ѧУбһ졣
Ϊ˱صش绰һ壬ʳóаӪ쵼ĳԱڸ飬ԺҲʳýмܡ
м˱˭ûˡ
Ȼ𳿾֪ˣС¹С
ûбš
𳿾±ˡ
аѧУʳôõ飬ΪʲôС¹ҲμӰ
ѵǲ֪
Ҳǲܵ飬ѧУʳбϢͷѧУϣϢͨҲעѧУˣû֪ġ
ʱ䣬Ȳһ죬𳿿ȥС¹ϰ顣
ȻбĻ
Ҳܺ˵һС¹һʱ䡣
ҪôϢС¹Сأ
ֱӼͶԷ˵Ҳ̫ˣеĨ
һð취
ʳõ飬ȻȻȻصõ櫵֧֣𳿵õ¹ԭҰ΢źţȻԼ΢ŷ˺롣
ĺһֱûͨ
¹ԭҰڵ΢źкܶĺѣЩȺ¹ԭҰôҲȥƹˡ
Ϊ̫İУ¹ԭҰ˿ѧǻŻЩӵİ˺ţʱ򶼲ôˡ
Ҳ¹ԭҰа취û¹ԭҰ΢ţ櫸ĸ
ͨ櫵ĸĸ
˵櫣櫸ĸ΢ţǺ¹ԭҰ˵ϻˣ治װ
Ϊ˿ڳԵģ̫ˡ
ôѵķϣϰһҪɹ


140 
¹ԭҰް, һС룬ѧõСһ˻
Ϸ, ֲر, 쵽ˣ´, Ǹ£˶ˡ
ѵʱ
ǼСܻӭ, ÿ룬͵Ҳƽʱˡ
һȺȥ, ľǴڵⶼůˡ
¹ԭҰԼϰ, ϰ඼ҪԼŵģǱҪ˵İ
һͱѸʱ֪¹ԭҰежٲ
, ֪¹ԭҰС¿ζ
ȫֱ˿籩꣡
ҺӣҪȻС¿û
¹ԭҰҲ˷µ¹, ±ůܱС¿ķ类Ҫǿ, ƽʱηʱ¹ԭҰŷ类, ö߶µġ
Ȼ죬¹ԭҰ, еľ֮⣬廹Ǻů͵ġ
Ϊ䣬¹ԭҰڶһԷˣϲԵˮˮ, ֺóů͡
櫸ĸ˺Ÿ¹ԭҰϢʱ¹ԭҰþڳСҲû뵽ڸϢĲǱˡ
ȻѧҳϢ˵ûʲôãǱϾԷǳԺ⣬¹ԭҰǸлһ¡
ȻҲܾ
һֱȽϹٷ˵ĿǰС¹СķչƻûаʳóаĿ֮ġ
ַ֪չƻʲôģ¹ԭҰôܻС
Ӳ˵еĻ
ȵ϶ѧ֮㲻㣿
û뵽С¹ϰ徹Ȼܾ
Ϊʲôܾ
¹ԭҰĽڣΪķչƻУûһ
ȻڻûУϰԿѽ
е㲻̫¹ԭҰаѧУʳãΪ죬ؼҵʱְ죬˵Ҳ˾ģ͵͵ʳóаӪЩ쵼ˡ
ϵа
쵼ղһ£ǿЩ˾Դ쵼񣬾ܿаʳþһ¡
˭Ҫ
С¹ϰ廹ǲμӣ𳿾ֲɵӣѵС¹ϰԼѡϣѡҲѡɴͲȥ˷
Ҳǲܵġ
ǽ΢ʾһ£ʵˮƽ˵ǰʾ̧٣Ǿλεʾ
εʳб꣬ǾԹƽġ
쵼עأڵʳóаӪ쵼ȫ˻ȥˡ
յյǵ
̬УҲ˵б꣬ѡţС¹ҵʵġ
ƾʵС¹һܹѡϵġ
ɽ𳿲֪ǣⳡбĻ¹ԭҰҪĻҲһܹѡϡ
ʵˣϵҲڣôһȷȫԱһµġ
ֻҪϹ涨һܹѡϡ
ɼܲס¹ԭҰ밡
һеѧһǧࡣ
Էûô࣬Ҳкü˰ɡ
üٷݷ
һ¹ԭҰǣûְ
ʳþʲôģŲȥأ
ڷϰ岻뾺ɣ𳿾ȻԶԣ
ϰ㡭
ˣҲǿˣھֻһˡ
ϰ壬¸ѧܰһѾˣ¸ѧԺûǼҳԷˣ
ûдѧġ
Ȼǰ˵ҪһУѡַʲôĶûϢӦֻҥ
¹ԭҰҲ˺ĲǼҳѧ
Ȼ˵ʲôģҪԼ߲ԤǸĿʵΪС¹ҵĳþӪ
¹ԭҰ߲·һ£ҪҪ·߾ˣһ¡
ѧ˵ĻҲеѾˣ¸ѧٱĻǾûа취ٱС¹Сˡ
ֻһѧڵĻ¹ԭҰԿ˵ãֻһˣܰϢˡ
¹ԭҰ͵û¡
û뵽Ȼջ֮ǰ˵һ䣬ûָ¹ԭҰܹӦġ
¹ԭҰҪȻǺúúˣ
ȻԼֺѧУ༶¹ԭҰǰˣڲͷѵĻ¸ѧڿѧʱ̾ˡ
𳿳ĵġ
ں¹ԭҰϢʱʵԱߣȫΧۣԽҲΥŵ
櫻Ǻʰ
֪ĺ£һϰܴӮҲа
ҲǸҲ¸ѧڱԺ󶼳Բˣ
˵Ҳϰ˵Ҹˣϰҿ𣿡櫱ʽ𳿡
𳿿ֵûش櫵ʱǶģ֪ҾԣֲҪǮ~
ǺĶš
ǿϰ巢Ǹֻнһˡ
룬Ƿˡ
ϰ嶼˵ˣý𳿸߱ˣҪҲȥˣԼʧҲˣһ۽𳿣ûˡ
櫻ǲԸġ
Ͼ飬ʵҲǽ˸˺Ŷѡ
ǽԼ֪ʳóа飬Ҳǽ׼Ҫȥϰ˵ġ
櫾ǽ𳿺кñǽ𳿾ãû櫽˺ţҲûа취׬ġ
ԡ
Ѿϰ˵ˣʱܲܰҵ緹𳿸櫿˿¼ϰӦˣԺһС¹ңԱġ
û뵽ȻĵģǲͷҲһһ룡
ǵȻˣ
˵ĽȫˣΪ˸С¹Сȡʱ䣬֮ǰй壬һʱ䣬Ȼ󡭡
һֱǸ绰û
ʵϲȥ˵Ľ˽𳿣
ŶȻ

һʼ䣬żҲͿˣڷż֮ǰһĩԵĹؿ
Ҫǹˣϲһ꣬Ҫû
ܾûôùˡ
¹ԭҰû͵ģǾǲͣʵҲԸǼӸʲôġ
ЩȽ϶СҲôģҪôǼӸˣҪôǸһ»ʳ
¹ԭҰ߻ʳˮƽͺܲˣʹӷСԣСԵѡϣ¹ԭҰеᡣ
¹ԭҰͦ඼̵Сԣĺ̫ࡣ
˵Сԣ¹ԭҰϾǺ«ѡõɽ髣ϴɾ˰ѺȥȻǣ֥飬ˬѡ
Ǻ«ɽ髣ѣۣ⨺ƻЩʵˮ֮⣬ҲǺ«
Ѹһһŵشǩϡ
¹ԭҰСʱûǮǺ«ʱ򣬾ͻһɽǺ«ļǮüѸǺ«ˡ
Ǻ«Ĳڳһ޻Ͱ
ȻǴģ޻ǾǺܺóԡ
˵޻ǣ¹ԭҰ뵽Ҫʲôˣ
޻ǣ
ܶˣûڼԹ
Щupһǹ׼޻ǿֻһ̿õ޻ǣһһ޻
Ž俾֮͵Сͷ
ÿóԣ
¹ԭҰˣ޻ǣ
ôָѧ¹ԭҰҲ뵽ˣǾǵ̢ģ
׼ȷ˵һԵֽС
Ȼ޻ǿĺܺóԵӣ¹ԭҰֿ޻ǵǸճԡ
ֱһϴ
¹ԭҰͲϴ£ֱһԵֽС
˾ӡ
¹ԭҰǰǵ޻մ棬ҲϴԣΪ棬Сɡ
ֳһִζʮСɡ


141 
һ׼, ͵һڵĵ
¹ԭҰݵʱҲûˣ¹׾ͶԱ߿, ȻͿ˴һֽС
¹ʶֽ, ֪ǳԵ̢ʱ򣬷ġ
ְҪ̢𣿡¹׻ûԹְĵ̢, ĿǰԹĵ̢ġ
ϾԼ, Ա߿֡
¹ԭҰûֽеļ۸Ƚϱˣһ㶼һëǮһ, ¹ԭҰһһٸ, ܹҲŻ˾ſ࣬ʮ鶼ʡ
СԷѧʮĸ¹ԭҰܾܲİ
ԱҪˣԱļҪˣ
㹤ԱӦ, һԻСҲܴӦ
еѧСĹԱԼļ, һʮŸ, Ļ¹ԭҰֱʮһݲˣ
һٸò, ⲻǶѻ
ǲܶѵġ
ǻҪź
޻ǺóԵĻ¹ԭҰʮֽ, úٵʱĵҪǿ޻ǲóԵĻǲܵģ¹ԭҰù̢
ôãô˷Ѿˡ
ʽѧ֮ǰ, ¹ԭҰһСԼԳԿɡ
˵޻ǺɿŶ
¹ԭҰŪһݣô˵أ¹ԭҰûɿȥɿֱӰɿŵ޻棬ȻһŽ濾ġ
ǡ
Һ֮ǰ¹ԭҰٶһɿڻ¶Ҫ󣬷ɿڻ¶Ȳ̫ߣȻܻ
ʱɿڻˣȿ޻ǿ֮ٽԡ
»һٰʮȣȻӾܹˡ
̶̵ӣܹŵζ
¹ԭҰϸףѿ̴ӿ˳ֻһ޻ǣȫˣһСͷƵġ
ǲǷֱ˽ǡ
ȥӲ
¹ļصŽżҪȥֻ߲һԸżǰնյϣⷽȻơ
ҡҡλߵԱߣקĿܿرˡ
û΢һ£ܹ¹ԭҰŵĶ
ˮһ鲻Խصεؿڡ
¹ԭҰгɻǹģ
ѿ̷ڸȵϣ¹ԭҰ¹׻ϣرϣǱ𶯰Ұɿù˲ܳԡ
ʵҲܳԣֻ
¹ԭҰܣԲôġ
ʵĿ
Ȼһ
Ҫ֪һھǲһģô޻ǣҲǵһ˴ʱˬ
¹һһϵǲţС첲šȣˡ
¹ԭҰӰڻ˵ɿ޻档
ڵȽ䣬ڻ˵ɿһֶˣ¹ԭҰֻܰװɿĲˮ汣¡
Ũɿ޻ϣʵ˵ûвʲôĻѧӦ¹ⶼûгԵأ
ŶһСرš
¹ԭҰϹӵע£һƻĻ棬¹̲סˣְҲҪҲҪ
Ҳһ¹ԭҰ߿ҪҪ
¹ԭҰ־Լˡ
һ㽹ǣ͸¹ԭҰһǴģȻûнǻĲ֣ģָûп޻ǣǲһ
Ũģһɿ
Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
¹ԭҰΪʲôڲŷֺóԵƷģ
֪Уɿģ޻ģɿ޻ǣϼ𣬿·ﱬըһ֡
ĳԵ¹ԭҰŻ֣ᷢ˭ܵôɿ
޻Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
¹ԭҰﻹʲôѧԼȳ˵
۳Űְֵ۾ûԼ¹ȥӣϣֱ˴һס
͸¹ԭҰһģһҲˡ
޻ǣʳ˵ĸ
ۿְֺ͸綼ԵˣϿżˣ¹ԭҰϵıףһ㣬ȻԼųԡ
һԵ죬ϾͰˡ
ôȻ𣿡¹ԭҰóһͰɣɳģһ̫ĻԣоӦò
ɿ޻ǵȸպãҲûоܾ¹ԭҰĺ⣬ӹ˱ɣ޻һ£һ޻ǡ
ɿ޻ֱӳԵζܲͱɵĴǾ
ִĽǣ޻ǣŨɿζֶһЩָɵζ
ĸ˶ܲ¹ԭҰôؾˣĩǰһܣ͸ɿ޻ǰɡ
¹׵ȻûˣһСС󣬡ְ㻹һ𣿡
¹ЦԵһؿְֺµģͰһ̵޻ǳԵ
Ψһ¹еοģҲֻˡ
Եñ¹׻Ҫء
ʵʳֶȷʵݲãΪ˺Ӳҳúӳʳ
¹ԭҰȴãżһγԶһ㲢ûйϵֻҪ֮úˢڣܹ
ԣ¹СС¹ԭҰϾʹӦˡ
ȻˣҪԡ
ǿ·ɿ޻һԲ尡
ڳ˵ڶεĿ޻֮¹ԭҰͲˡ
ȻԣҲҪѧʿɶֹܿɳչ
¹Ѿʼڴĩˣ
¹׵ڴУĩԺܿˡ
Ҫ֪һͺ͵ģȻͱȽϺһЩ¹ԭҰ˱Ƚ϶࣬ѡ͡
Ϊɿ޻ǣǴ䵱Ľɫ¹ԭҰûڳԷʱ򣬾ֱøǣڷҷŲ̵ʱ˳ɿ޻ǵġ
ɿǿԼѡӻǲӡ
õС㣬󲿷˶ֱӴߣҪô·ϽҪôѧУԣеתλԵġ
ҲһЩˣɿ޻
㡣
ڳ극֮Ҳ쵽һװֽɿ޻ǡ
ʵ޻ֺּóԵСƷƷû
һЩϵ꣬һ޻ǵĿȣȻûǹֿо޻Ҳе
޻ǣͻǹ޻ǣǲһġ
׿ƻ򣬲޻ǿڲ޻ҲܹڻǻǹľͲһˡ
ѿƣһСľͿͷǱˡ
ڲҲԭӡ
ǵһγԿ޻ǣΪ绹ҪϿΣֻԼˣصλõ㣬Сɣ޻ǣ޻ճԡ
ոտõ޻ǣȵģůС¹ְ͵̫óˡ
ǲ֪ʲô֪֣ܻؼԼˡ
˼ȥ¹ԭҰ㣬Ͽȥ¹ףʿ¹ף֪֪ʲô
Ȼ㲻ܰؼҷųԣԸʲôȻڼȫ˳ԣְָҲܳԵ
㣬ڵһ ¿֮󣬾ȥ¹ס
ʱ¹׺ͳΣ˼ּˣҲ˵ɿ޻ǡ
Сĸˣ˶Թɿ޻ǣһûԡ
С˵ſ޻жóԶóԣرĽ
ȻڵķҲܺã־ãҪص֮ǰûбķ̵ʱܹС¹һԷԺóԵɿ޻ˡ
γϲɿ޻ǣõһֽУһӾͳˣԲ
˼̸ոճ극ʱ򣬾ʹӦ˼ˣĩԣûؼһٷֵĻ̾ڼ˼Ūɿ޻ǡ
̿ǿ¹ԭҰģǳ򵥣ԼҲԡ
Ҳõȵ°࣬ȻԼҲС̫Ǳ߸ϰ˲˵
ʱͺˣλؼҾҪ˯Ҳ֪ʱ򻹼ǲǵá
Ҳ룬ҵıķ̣֪ɿ޻ôġ
ôʧ¹ԭҰظƱģҰְֽıķôڼҲܳԵɿ޻ˡ
ʱ򣬾
գ۾С¹С¹ְҲһҵҿ㻻̯֣һʦ͵С컨
ЩûС컨ͬѧС컨ȻǺģ¹ױĲ࣬С컨رࡣ
С컨Ҳðְֽġ
ܲͳԼС컨͵õɿ޻ǵܿģְñ˶Ը
˵׻ǳԣļ׻ζɺˡļ׻ϸϣԼġ
ǴӲг˰ƷԼըһ顣
;ļ׻ǳóԵļ׻
ô϶һӾѧɿ޻ǵȻְҲܳԵóԵɿ޻


142 
Ϊ, ϰڿڴһСˮ
ˮǺܴ󣬾Ǵһֻո櫺, һƴġ
쵽, ǵҵһĶ࣬ůʱ򻹱ȽϺãûůĻ¶дԾһӾͻὩסˡ
Բص׼ôһСˮ
ʱʱؾͰڴţȵҪдʱóһ, ־Ͳᱻˡ
櫱ΪˮڿڴϰˣԷѧҲó, ô˳ȥС¹С·ϵʱִܰůš
û뵽ˮȻ
쵽С¹Сķʱ, 櫵ͺܾϲ, ׿ɿ޻˵, ͵ôһݰõСģ㹻櫿ĵˡ
һ·ϰ׼Ǯĸо
櫺ͽ, СŮԴԼ¸ѧһԷ֮󣬸ԽԽ׽Ѿѷչơ
ֻһŲҶҲҪһһķֵ
ɿ޻Ҳġ
޻ڿ֮, γɴƤڲҲΪȵȿʼڻûԹɿ޻, ҲǸ״̬
ͺܵԼѶѧУ֮ɿ޻ǻ᲻Ϊ˱ûôóˡ
櫾뵽˿ڴˮ
ѧУĶװУرůͣȻڴҲܴһ̲裬һֽ̢еĴС϶ûġ
ֻҪ޻ɿ᲻մ·Ͼˡ
ɿմ·ϣеܣҲʲô⡣
סֽеıԵԼƸֽ˹˲ǣֱţȫõɿմ·ˡ
櫰ɿ޻ǳɹشѧУ
ѧУʳԷģסУԳ극֮һǻؽддҵֻǿ֮ġ
ΪĩˣԽҵֻ࣬ҪԼϰ
סУĻǻһҪô·Ҫôøϸʲô鶼ûеĻشһȵϿȥϿҲûġ
櫵ѧУʱѾͬѧ극ˡ
ʦǶûԵĵĳʳĳˮĿɶץᡣ
櫻صλϣͽͬΪϤġ
شӿڴͳɿ޻ǣø첲𳿣㿴ʲô
޻𣿡𳿲µǿ޻ǣҲ̫ȷ
ΪҲûгԹֻǿӸоǰˡ
ǿ޻ǣС¹С͵ķ㣬˵쿾õ㡣һ˵һ߰ĥСɾΣ˽һΣţһһ룬һûгԹɿ޻ǣ˵ζܺõӡ
ллҲûԹɿ޻ǣû˵ʲôطƷ꣬Ҳֻ⣬úóԣ
һ˵һñһ޻Уоĺڻ޻Ǻס˿ǻһģ
ǰɣҲôã
һ̢ɿ޻ǣŮųԣÿ˳ڣͳˡ
ͬ¹ԭҰ֮ǰԤϵ֮ڻ˵޻ǣմֽžͺϴĸо
ҺһԵֽУʡȥ˺ܴ鷳ʱֱӶͿˡ
¹ԭҰԶٳԶٵļһŻе뷨
ǶȻûгԹŮ˵ôö
ĥСɻûг꣬櫾СȥմЩ޻ǣŪģŪԵˡ
ŪģҲû취
͵ŮѾ֪ӵҪԣʲôģֻû˵ʱһĵظɡ
ڰ༶ֹϡ
ˣ櫻Ҫġ
С¹СĸҲ֪˿޻ǵζĲûдˣ
о޻ܼ򵥵ӣ櫾ţԼڼܲҲһ£
Ҽûп䣬Ҳ֪ú濾ܲܳɹ취ģⲻ뵽һð취
ú޻ǡ
Ȼͬǿ
ôôأ
ҲԼڼԣҼп䣬Ҫ㿼ԿˣȥҼɣһ޻ǳԡ
ѧڸʶûлȥԷļ档
ҿ𣿡еᣬô˵ء
¼ҳ
Ȼû˵ǽ𳿻ĹǣĺˣǷżٵʱҰǻҪϰࡣ
ǾͿԿô
Ȼûһ׼޻ǵģ
ɿͰˣ

¹ԭҰ֪һͻȻ뵽С㣬Ȼô˹
ʵҲ֣ԽԽǵҲ벻磬ЩΪӳжЩҳԼҲǿνġ񫡱
Щ㣬ëϻʱΧƷͻĬĬһƷ
оҪûëͺƷһ
ԴҲԹǿ޻ǾͲЩʳƷ
Ҳ֪ΪѶ̫ͣƷ꿴̫ϣֻƷÿ޻ǸͲ㣬ʲôԭǵͷͶˡ
͵´ҶûгԹûгԹټɿ޻ǵζͺܴ򣬱ôҲһ顣
ʵ޻ǣֻдɿĳԷѡ
ڱϣɱӣȻմһɿ޻ǻûȴʱϽպϻ顣
ţɿζ
ΪںĴԱʵڳĿ޻ǣ
û뵽ɣ
аѿ޻ɣsmore pie
㽶ʿ޻Ȼ󿾣ϱܣͳ˿޻㽶
Ƚڣζ
smoreʵǱɼп޻ǣļɿĿټӵ㣬߲ӡ
˵ѾϲˣΪʲôҪɼ޻ǣ
ǵȻΪóԵ˾ǲϲʳҲ԰
ɵļ룬Լ޻ǵȣк֮ǡô
¹ԭҰԼеɿ޻ˣС¹ȥѧʱ¹ԭҰڼ͵͵ؿһ̡
ȻԱ߷һů
¹ԭҰ֣ʱůȿյˡ
ڿձ˶һȡůһ߿ԵĶƬ֮󣬲뵽Ҫġ
һ£Ȼ
ڣͱһڳ޻ǣȻԱ߶׼ůżӡ
ˮеʵȻ
ˮģԵĻ䣬Ϳ԰ӷů濾һ£ҲÿȣµľͿˡ
¹ԭҰԼĸоܲ
ůܹĶŵعϸɣ⣬¹ԭҰ޻ҪˣҲܷȥһ¡
ڿĶϣҲҪرעһ£ܿЩ͵Ķ͵εĵůܣʱᷢʲô⣬¹ԭҰɾͲ˵ˡ
Ϊů̫Ĺϵ
϶Ѿ˰𨣬ܵ¹ԭҰԱ߰ţСӾͽؿʱʱػͶιһɿ޻ǡ
Сжˡ
εؿԸ
ⶼѾǵˡ֮ǰС¹ʱĴʲôʿɶֹʲôɳչ
ȵС¹ȥϿˣ¹ԭҰȻ͵ԣ
Ͳ𣿡
¹ԭҰԼɿ޻ǣǳ˵кúˢ
ҸոյΣĸһԵģƽһµĻԼʵҲͳ˰̣ҳ֮¹ԭҰкúõˢ
Բģ
¹ԭҰĽƱ磬ЦãȻ˼ô㣡
ĸĸûдˣһҲͳڰɣ
С¹û¹ԭҰԵÿ죬ȻҲڳԣǿ¹ԭҰôϲʵҲûк
ŵ˵¹ԭҰһͳһ̵࣬һ룬Ǿһ̰
Ѿˣû֤ݵ飬¹ԭҰǲϵġ
û취ֲ¹ԭҰһسôʳֻԼҲȥ˸ӣȻ¹ԭҰϿƣǰԼԵ㣬¹ԭҰûóԡ
޻ǵζĲ


143 
ȵ¹׻ʱ, Ͽůߣڰְ, ڳæš
ܸоʲô, ¹ûзвԡ
¹׻ˣִů˸С¹СҪ𣿡
ʱ䣬ůϷŵеˣůģһСˮ
ů治ֹ, ¹Լķɡ
ǷֺܴȻҲɹúܸɵķ, ů濾Ƕˡ
¹׳ģһɿš
˷ɶѣңù, СӳϲĶƬ, С, Ŀתضŵӿ
ӣֻԸô, ûҵ𣿡
Ȼֻж꼶¹Ѿһ춼ҵˣĩҲûҵ
ֻҵûҪõ, ȫǸϰ
¹ѾˣҪȵ극֮ٿʼϰԷ֮ǰһ
ŶƬʱ, ¹ܾԼʲô飬ǵʲôأ
¹Ŭһ£עܿͱкÿĶƬˣһӾˣȵһƬ꣬ʱˣ¹׿ʣµһ̡
滹Щʣµ޻ǣ¹һӾˣ
㣡
Ӧ㣬Ҫְֽôɿ޻ǵģ
Ӧ˵ɲܲ¹һӾ¥£վڳſں¹ԭҰ˵ˡ
¹ԭҰæշͼʱ仹еģϴϴ֣¹ԭҰֶԼõˣϴʲôģȫõĶǶҺõˮ
ϴ֮ɣһ㶼֡
̸ţҲѧ˺ܶࡣ
Լڼϴϴϴ·ʱ򣬶õǱˮȻףǻǶġ
С¹ôã̿ˣҲ뿪ˣôΪԼʲôأ
ôͻ׬ǮܲոˮС
̵ĶӶϱҲ˵ˣֻ̾һֱǰôĶ죬ôģûڲС
ǶԶӶϱʱ̷Ǽˮ
ܶӶϱ˵飬̸ôôС¹ϰ࣬뿪ˣ̵ĶӶϱĵġ
¹ԭҰɿ޻ǵʵҲֱӰٶȵģҲ֪ǲΪ޻̫򵥵ĹϵϵĲ¹ԭҰֻҵһ
Ҳܼ򵥡
Ĺؼͼ裬¹ԭҰС¹ֻȥ˵Ӧ飬ȻԼȥæˡ
ھ꼶ǷѧҲпСʱˡ
һѧˣһɢ¹ܵòӰֲ˼ǸʱҲˡ
ֻܸȥ
ǰմǵְڹģôЩ꣬оҲûʲô˼ټˣʲǣѰ˼Լҵ
Ȼͳһҷװꡣ
ҲΪڵ˶ܹѧ
ٻȥ·ϣԼԵɿ޻ǡ
һˣҪĸ֪ˣ϶ᡣ
˵ɿ޻жóԣָ裬˵С¹ӦС¹ְֽô޻ˡ
迴΢ţ˵С¹ְָϢأ
֪С¹ְֻûʱСʧˡ
趼ڿҪҪԼϢһС¹ְֵģС¹ְ΢ŷˣ¹׵һ
Բ𰡣㣬Ҹոջؼҵʱˣڲ
ʱҲûؼңϵģȻС¹ְֻûзԼǰ׼òϣʱ򲻾
迴һ¹ԭҰǸͼղĲףַһġ
Ϊ֪޻ֱֻ޻ǣҪĲϣ֮ǰصѹˡ
С¹ְֲӦҲ
Ψһǣûп䡣
ȻҲ󣬼ٿǮ򵽣ĴɵĻһͥǲڼ׼ġ
ǸĻѡ΢¯
޿޻ǵ취ؼҳһ¡
ÿӲ޻棬úֱ𿾣ַɡ
ƲãҪôǺˣҪôʱ̫̣޻ǻûп͸⣬һʱ״̬Ŀ޻ǡ
ֻܻһְ취ˡ
ڹ濾
ֱӷˮĹ棬ô𿾸ʮ룬ʵػζÿ涼ȵȣĽ޻ûпڲҲˡ
ΨһǱϿûпƤҲһ
һ㶼óСɼ޻ǳԣЦÿɿˣһֱ˵
˵ϵȸˣҲø糢
ɿĻֱɿģǾ޻ǱȾѾˣϱɳԸոպãټɿĻое̫ˡ
ݲãٳһ㣬ܹԵؾʹӦˡ
ȵ˵С¹Сɿ޻ǵʱǸʵıŶ̫ˡ
ȵ֪Լ˿޻ǣζʱϾͱʾҪԣ
õưɿ޻ǵʱָԼее࣬޻ǲе㲻ԣ
Ҳ¹ԭҰȦǸͼƬ
ȻõֽУ޻ҲǺ˼棬˼ҿǸЧͺ
򵥵˵С¹ҵǸɿ޻ǣǿֱϼ۵Ұ档

Ǻʵ޻Ұ档
ſֻе󣬵ǳӦúܺóԵҧһڡ
е㲻ˣǲе̫ˣ
ɿǼƽʱͿϳԵģһ֣Ȼ޻һ𡭡
Ķη
оͷˣ
С¹СѵҲôģ
͵͵ʹŵġ
󣺡С¹ҵһģǺܺóԣģϲġ
ôһ˵ˡ
ɿ
ΪС¹ҵķأ

¹ԭҰȦͼƬ¹ȻҲûдˡ
ýģСͷһɿ޻ǣźܺóԣ¹Լ̡
Ҳûд绰¹ԭҰԼ
ǵȵ¹ԭҰſڵʱ򣬴绰ýСԼ
ȽСڿ˳ŽϴһζĴӣԼСڶڳԵɿ޻ǡ
ɴ޻Ŀ
ȻŽСڽĶĽ
ڿСñɹһ޻ǣ˿ʱϵġ
СھŴӣ¹񣺡裬Ǿ˾ҴͰְֳԵġһմɵĴ̣˾˻˵ǳ֮ӻ
ˣ¹ǳߡ
ӽСڵɿ޻ǽӹͷϥ棬¹ԭҰĥɣ¹Եóġ
ڽС˵ģ¹ԭҰýСڴȥ¹нԵ顭
¹ˣСҲ벻
СڳԼɿ޻֮󣬻ԡ
ĸ͹ϷԭӦڽǷݡ
͵֮¹ſؽСڻؼҡ
ʣµȻҲǴȥģϾҪϴɾ֮󻹸¹ԭҰ
űƽʱһ¹ͽСڣܾʲôԵĵط
ĸ
òֱ͵˰ɣ
ͻȻ¶˻ɵĿ⡣
¹ʼ飬ڽǰװһ·ӣ͵Ե֤ݶ͵͵ؼˡ
Ȼϣûзʲô
¹ͽС͵֮󣬻žӲ˲ǣ¹񻹲ױ֮Żġ
¹͵ϴ̵ʱ򣬽͵ųĺ档
ʲô߲
˵ľ¹ģ
̫ˣ
͵ԾȻ
̫ˣ
ûеҵһ֮ˣ
úýĻҪҳˣ


144 
һʱ, Ȼһԭǻȥ԰ۻ飬ҵ˼ϵת֮, ʵѾ뿪԰ˡ
ֲܲ
Ϊĳ̶ֳϣҲ͸԰ЩԱһ, ǿ԰ġ
ԭ֮⣬Ҫǻ뿪ȥһӦκתļദ
Ϊòײҵ¹ף¹׵ĵһ, Ǻ, һӡ³ˡ
ֱӵ¹ڶԼ̬ȡ
Ȳ׽, ҲԶһ־ڡ
Żȥ԰飬Ҳ룬ô֮ȷദʽ
¹ԭҰа׽˵, Ҫ뿪һʱ, Ҳù֮Ż

һ꼶ĩԣԿĿ, Ժܹܿ, ˻ڿԵʱ, Ѿʼˡ
Ȼɼûõ, ĩԿ֮󣬳ɼõ֮ǰʱ, ӦֵʱˣرЩɼõѧ˵
ΪɼûԼҳҲΪ֪ûãһ⡣
ڵĺҵҲûвá
ǲѧϰҵ, ԣֻͿˡ
¹׻нС˵ǿ̫ˡ
μֱҪˣͿֵĳȣεͲôĿˡ
ѧУ˵¸ڳɼǳǿĵڶ磬ʦͰǵĿԾɼĳˡ
ʦԼʵҲ˸Ҳ֪ѧǴŵΣȺ﷢
˭֪ûмҳʦΪڶѧֲΡ
ΪԼãʦҲͻڼҳԼʵʱ͸¶һºӵĿԳɼڰ༶ĴΡ
ʵĻʦͲ˵ˡ
һ£󲿷ּҳǻʵģһֱüҳȺʵġ
ʦڻظʱ򣬱ļҳҲܹͻԼĬĬضԱȺӺ˼Һӵĳɼࡣ
Ҫǿˣе⣬ǫ飬ʵҪ˵ȫȫǴ˵α
ҳȺôʳɼģ¹ԭҰʵ̫ʡ
¹׵ʵҲӦ˫٣ܻĿ۸һ֣ǲ࣬ǫһ㣬Ӧǰ
¹ԭҰԼ֪¹ˣҲûҪʣʣܲסʦԼ̲ס˵
¹̫ˣ
Ҳһ٣ֺÿдҲû⣬ľʦôһԾжˣ
ĩԾҲд𰸵ģǴ𰸶һּһ飬Ƚ鷳
Ϊ˷Ծʦһ㶼ԼһԾд˴𰸶ŸģǰĲ
ڣΪ֪¹׵ʵһʼĿĵذ¹׵Ծҳˣȸһ飬ùա
¹׵ԾһȣЩдϲԾֱǶ۾һĥ
̫Ѩʼͻͻͻʹˡ
¹׵ֺÿҲˣĻдú㣬ʦԼˣһ꼶Сѵġ
ë
¹ѧͻͽˮƽʦ¹׼ҳӦø¹ױѵࡣ
ҵʦʵܺãܻˣȻ¹ԼҲ츳ǿǿϣȻĽ
ѧĻʦĵģʦҲһ䣬˵һεѧԾһ漰˰ݡ
ȻͣʦûѧУѧǽġ
еѧˣֻкټдԣ¹׾һ
ʦڰοЩΪһ⣬ûпһٷֵļҳǵʱҲرᵽ
ȻֻǼ򵥵һ仰ѾܹԤ¸ѧڣҳӱĿ϶ࡣ
ν˻ϲǡ
¹ԭҰϲģǵġ
λôǮĸ࣬μԼĸ
ǳεĳɼ
ûϸ¹װԶԶ˺ͷ
¹׿ǰһΣȴʮô࣬˸߿ô죿
˵߿ˣпҲܵĳܲܿһõѧ
ڿǣҪҪӣȥ¹װְֵĽ
ǼС¹Ǳú㣬һԼĽɣ
Ϊ˳ΣǿԷºܶ࣬ˮ͹ֳĴӣҡ
ӣҹ̡
¹ԭҰԳ̣Ҳ顣
ʲôرĽӵķŶ
¹ѧҪ¹Լ㡣
ô˵Ļװҫɣ¹ԭҰҸȽŷʵɡ
ǲǼ
¹ԭҰĿУһ׶ģУƾнʦʸ֤Ӫʦʸ֤ͯѧޡ
óһһ㶵ġ
⡭ôļͥʦ
¹ԭҰҲ˵Ϊ¹׵ļͥʦ֮¹ǸˮƽѾԺţ˵֮Կһٷֻ֣Ϊֻһٷ֣
Ҳ֪ôõļͥʦǶǰʱнģһܹ󣬵Ϊ˳ΣҪͥʦϵʽ
ܵ¹׵ļͥʦɲΪʵΪ¹Ǽϵת
Ҫ˸ˣôԸ⣿
¹ԭҰҲûмϵʽ
Ȼô˵е֣¹ԭҰϵҪͨϵġ
ӰǱõ˼ϵʽ¹ԭҰѺ˳裬ȥʹ˼ĵ绰
ֻʾĹ׶
ж¹ԭҰ˵ЩһЩȻ󡭡
ûͨ
˭ôЩ֪˭ĵ绰
˷ɧţİ绰򲻽ȥͨǲȻ
Ƥ¹ԭҰæǣߣųεӣ¹ԭҰ͸˸绰
Ȼ󼾸áæûգұˡֱӾܾ˳衣
ͬʱҲ蹫˾棬Ϊ蹫˾Ĳ󲿷ֶصģˣҪؼҹꡣ
Ĺ˾ǽӽһ£Աڼꡣ
Ȼ⼸Ҳ׼飬ԱǳԳԺȺȣȻһս𣬽Ĺ͵ˡ
绹ڿ꣬ؼһ·Ȼ˾ܽᣬһս𣬾ͿȥľƵԳԺȺ
ñķ̴ֹҲһμᡣ
Ĺ˾ʱʵһֱ룬ҪҪ˵Ǽ飬С¹ҳԷ顣
˵˸оеԲķ̣ǲ˵Ļ
ĺͼμС¹һԷ
֪ô֣žеƲֵġ
Сıķ̷ˣķ̾ʲô顣
־ͰԼСպͱķ˵ˡ
ԼְҵΣķȴһ⣬˵ΪʲôģȻһΪûʱ侫񣬵ǸҪģΪչֵġ
ҪһԷĻֱӺ˵ûйϵ
ڱķ̵Ĺ£ֺ˵顣
ʾҪһ£ˡ
ԴӦֵҪͬʱҲ˱ķ̡
ɡ
Ϊ軳˶̥
ǰЩʱ䷢ֵģûк˵ᣬ˳Ÿ֡
֮Ҫ̥ҲڷûôųܵõҪġ
һĵģ֮ǰͺĽ¹׵ĵܵˣҲҪܵˣ
˵ȥСǷ顣
˳ɼ֮С¹ͻүү̼ҹȥˣֻܵȵ¹׻֮ٺ˵
ֻ꣬¹ԭҰһҺ¹ְ¹衣
Ϊȥ¹ְ¹߹꣬Խ¹ͽҪȥǱ߹ˡ
Լ꣬ͺܱŤ¹һطϢ¹ԭҰ²ۡ
¹ԭҰ͡
æúأ
ûպ¹˵
˴齫¹ԭҰаȼӳɣȻô򣬵رã¹׬˺öѹǮ
Ϻܶ˶˵һµĹʶȥѹǮˣ¹ԭҰϣСǵѹǮȫ׬ˡ
˲٣
Ϊ˱׬Ǯ̫ർ±ڣ¹ԭҰ׬һ֮ǳ
ǵĻ˵׬Ǯߡ
仰˵¹ԭҰıʡ
׬ǮߣѲɻǮȫ



145 
ʵ¹Ҳ˵, ʵ¹ͽսһ¹ҲѽĸĸԼĸĸһԴġ
¹ԼҲиĸѽĸĸԼĸĸ, ֲ¹ҪԼĸĸˡ
¹һˣʵѾûʲôȢ˵ˣһ㶼˵ǽ顣
˫ĵλӵƽ, ֮ҲŸĸס
ýŲΣС
о¹Ķһ
ںһסĶϱ, ¹ϱͺְܲˡ
ͽŻ¹һİ취
ž¹һЩС
¹ʵҲ֪ŵЩĽ, Ҳ¹ְ¹ŮƾʲôˣͲܻؼҹˡ
Ȼˣì, ûдõĻ, ¹񵱳ƾֱˡ
ͦģһ㣬Ǿǽĸף¹, วģǽ򣬶¹
¹ͽ, ֻҪѽŵǳ𾴾Ϳˡ
ȻֶϱĸŮֶ˼Ҵ, ͻһĹϵ, ҲûôҪĹϵ
򣬾ͲźͶϱɳ˵鷢
չ, ңݣ¹ְ¹߹꣬ľȥǱݣڽǱ߹꣬ǾǳĹݡ
һ磬¹Ϳˡ
һϺݣһסס˿
ҪΪϰ࣬¹Ĳߣÿʱ¹ԭҰͳĽʺޡ
һĿʱ䣬ԶǸѧУߵģ
Զ
¹ȥϰʱ¹ԭҰڼ˯Աȣ˼ʡ
¹񼵶ʵʱڷļڣʵҲֻһڶѡ
һо͸ûһһ۾͹ˣ¹׽Сڵıʱ䵽ˣС¹СҲʱ׼ҵˡ
ǰ֮ǰĹǰһ֪ͨʱ䣬ȻڶʮȦ
Ϊڹʵ̫ˣ¹ԭҰϢûĹʮӵˣһűڴϱ鰲ݡ
Щ֪ͨʮӾߵȵѧˢһ飬ûˢ¹ԭҰıϢһΪԼ绵ˡ
С¹СĳԷ͸Աɱʱһģһͣˢ£߶ȼУԼһСĴˡ
ʱ䵽ˣôҲˢ¹ԭҰȦǣڼ֮󣬷ֻûлϢ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰһϰߣΪٷŵùУ˯ʱԽԽ
ҹĻŸֻ棬ò˲ſʼ˯һ˯˯˵ڶ硣
ҪǽڼգȻûʲô⡣
ǽҪѧ
¹ԭҰõԼϢʱ䰡
Ŭ죬ʧܡ
Ϊÿ˯ǰǲԾֻÿζԼֻһСʱһСʱ˾Ͱֻ£Ȳ¹ԭҰǼСʱ֮µֻ
˵ֻˣΪϢû˯ŵ¹ԭҰֲԾͳֻ
Ϊڵë¹ԭҰ˯ǰֻػ
ͦõģһػ֮¹ԭҰţҲ˯ˣȻѾʼ˯ֻϰߵˡ
ϰߣʱ򣬽ʵʵؿ
ϣ¹ԭҰ¹ֻϷţСİɣ¹ԭҰϷ
ͦġ
һͷŲ֡
ΪϷȫĹϵ¹ԭҰҪǲǿʱģȻһ浽۾ʱ
ʶԼͷˡ
һ뵽ڶı¹ԭҰǿ˯⣬ֻӶʱ䣬Ȼػ˯ġ
¹ԭҰӣûúûУֱӾ͹ػҪĴԣҲû취˼⣬ڹػ֮󼸷֮ھ˯ˡ
Ȼ˽ϣû죬ֻػ
˭Ϣֻ˭ĵ绰¹ԭҰȫûš
Щ뱨ˣ֪ʲô飬뿪һ°ɣֵԼ뿪һϢ˽棬ȥɱ飬׷׷磬ܶģŻһۡ
ΪС¹СȺģһαûԾˣҶ¹ԭҰǷʲô¡
ʯҶΪȺȻǳοһ´ң΢ϷϢ¹ԭҰڻûյظ
ȻʯҶ¹ԭҰʶʱܳʯҶҲֻ¹ԭҰ΢Ŷѣ¹ԭҰҲûа취
ʯҶûа취ǻа취
Ůʿ¹ͬ
ΰһ¹
տ¹ڵǼѾ˵ԱԼЩûзԱûзԭʲôҪȷԱ׼йˣæһ綼ûʱˢȦ
ȻҲͲ֪¹ԭҰ顣
ǻŮʿˣ֪ģųԷϢʱ䣬¹Ҳһ¹ԭҰĵ绰
ûӣʾ¹ԭҰػˡ
Ҫһˣܾûжˡ
¹˭ѽ
¹ԭҰ׽㰡
¹ԭҰߴð˴̵ϵʽȫУ¹ԭҰģʹ¡
һ顣
ͨ˰ĵ绰ӰǱ˽¹ð¹ԭҰ֮¹ԭҰ˵绰
˯ʱ䲻¹ԭҰԺͱѽ˵绰˾⡣
ԱҲ÷¹Ļ¹ԭҰһоֱӰ϶ˡ
˵ʲôʮһˣ
¹ԭҰѶߵֻһ
ʮһˣ
Ϊʲôû죡
¹ԭҰϿֻһӣûһϾŵʮӣǼǱߡ
һ9.50֡
ѾԶ׼ˣ¹ԭҰѼӣϲûӽ𴲵ġ
ʲôģ鶼Ѿˣûõġ
ҪǷһȦ֪ͨһ£ӳٱ㡣
Ϊֲεʧ¹ԭҰ
Ȼװ׵һӣֻҪһк˵
Ȧ¹ԭҰɻȥ˯ˣһΣһʮ֮⣬ð𨵽ʱȦ
ԼҲ֤ˣܲ
Ҳ˯ģڲ˯Сʱ¹ԭҰ˵ȫһ˯ʮСʱ
ΪǰðȦ¹ԭҰǱӳѣҲǹصӣĴ˯
¹ܹһ¹ԭҰµǸϷ¹ԭҰҲǰֻݸ
¹ԭҰһ˯˯ĵ㣬ʮСʱ˯ߣ¹ԭҰ˯ˣ¹ԭҰϢʧˡ
˯ʮСʱ¹ԭҰﻹ˯Ű
˯ŵڴϷȥ̲סְͷ¡
ֻûд򿪣¹ԭҰͱסˡ
ҲǷ˺ҪϢ¹ԭҰƲסԼֻĻ¹ԭҰ
Ȼ˯ŵĻ˶ɡ
Ȼˡ
˴ҹ¹ԭҰܹסԼֻ֣ʮǰɹ˯ճɹصϢҲǿϲɺˡ

ڰס죬¹ԭҰѧǰһԼң΢һ£ڱһЩʳģ׼ӭӿѧˡ
ѧһϣǴʼġ
ǺܳͣΪ˽Ǽۣһ¹ԭҰ۸ʵûʲô
Ψһǡ
ܲúóһ㣿
Ƥ񷴹֪ʲô
ƤⱡȫǷ⡣
Ϊ͵ӣģ¹ԭҰѾܾûгԵˡ
Ƕʱͳһܰ
¹ԭҰ㲻ͣҲ
һ´ģΧǺ䵫µĿÿһκܺһƬʱ򣬿Զ͵̡꣬
װ
һϰ˸磬ոõ̵ץץס
СذӣȻӵôȿԡ
̵ģģɵģİƤѾڲӡһСɫ
ط֭
ҧһ飬ϾܼԲ磬Ⱥȫˣ
ƤĴ


146 
, ϣ¹ԭҰȫˡ
ƤںóԵĴҪȥ죿
͵꣬ȫ¹ԭҰҪ󰡡
¹ԭҰе, ѲҪԼڼ
Ҳûӣǽڡ
Ͱ, Ӧòܴɣ
¹ԭҰ, ͼгԱߣ¿һҵ, װ޻ͦµģһרӵİӵꡣ
֪¹ԭҰڵĸоʲô
ľʲôʲô
¹ԭҰ԰ӣ¿һҰӵ꣬Ұӵ껹¿ҵ, , ſΧһˡ
¹ԭҰǲ֪ҰӵζΣôˣҲȥոְ
ǹ˵¹ԭҰҲ, ӳԳ˵
¹ԭҰһòײֵһ, һ¹ԭҰ
Ȼĸ
Ա¹ԭҰ, ¹ԭҰǮ֮, һ߳һ߽˲г
ҵİҲõģƤɺȻͷ, ϡ
С¹ȭͷҪһȦɣְӣ¹ԭҰ˵ǺС
ܳԵһҪŬһµĻһһҲǲܵġ
¹ԭҰһҧ˰棬һССڣڲ󣬳֮⣬滹һЩ
͵֬ͬҰӵ֮
ܺóԣ΢΢ζȻǽϿζڲ˺ܶ࣬¹ԭҰǵһγԵ
оĻܲ
ͻȻתȥĸˡ
ǵĲ˵ɡ
ڰӵſӦкܶˣһζӣҪʱ䡣
ΪϳԷһ¹ԭҰҲҪ÷ˣ˲ˣӵſΧźܶˡ
¹ԭҰȰѲʲôȫͻؼңȻųӣʱÿڶ档
¹ԭҰк¹ԭҰȥʾ԰æһݣѾֵˡ
¹ԭҰֲżл̵ĺ⣬ڶ档
Ȼкܶ࣬ǵԱ죬Ҳû̫ãֵ¹ԭҰ
ΪһĻ¹ԭҰÿξͰĸĸĸȻҪĸ÷ɲ˰ĸ̲˰
һʮˡ
¹ԭҰ֮ǰԵһǶʮˡ
ֺССȻһٷԶʮӣ¹ԭҰֲʲôθһ˵ȻԲˡ
ֲֻһˡ
Űӻ˼ң¹ԭҰ˳·С⽡
¹ԭҰСϰˡ
һ˳ͣһС⽣ѡһһ͹ˡ
¹ԭҰϲСʳʳĴ䡣
ڰ¹ɢ¹ԭҰ⽣ͽ˰¹䣬˺Է
Ҳʲô
ԼС⽷ֳһС룬Ȼŵ֮ٸԼܹˡ
¹ԭҰ˺ö࣬ԼҨһ㣬¹ԭҰʱסֹˡ
ղѾʵҲ̫̰볢Ŀζİӡ
ôóԣİӦҲİɡ
¹ԭҰðԼģùȻԼһ÷ɲ˰
¹ԭҰԵһڵʱ򣬸о÷ɲ˰е̫ˣ÷ɲ̫ˣȻȫǲҶӣĿڸкܺã÷ɲܹһЩ΢һЩȣӺóԡ
¹ԭҰȽϾ޵ģ̲˰ˡ
̲˰ڵģܿθ¹ԭҰѾԱˣǻ̲סһ
֮ͦŶӵӣͺִ˸̡
ҰӵİӺóǺóԣ¹ԭҰһڳԵʱ򣬾е÷ɲ˰ڳһ֮¹ԭҰоҲǲġ
һȱǣҰӵİ̫СˣҲٵġ
¹ԭҰһҧһǿյģеСź˰
ԻҪԼڼ
¹ԭҰǰڼ壬ӺͰӡ
Ӧǲİɡ
¹ԭҰҲ̫ȷ
Ҫ
Ԯ
¹ԭҰ˼ĵ绰
ڻûʧأڿǹȥأǵͥʦ
¹ԭҰ绰еСˡ
Ѳǰˣеϲ
Ȼ¹ԭҰĻͺĮˡ
㵱ǰٶ𣿡Ȼ˽˹ݵϰ壬Ҳʲô֪òã
ʲôģ֪
¹ԭҰǺܼ򵥵ҼʣȻ֪ǾˣԼٶȥ򵥵ģǿſţ¹ԭҰзƴÿˮֱ
ȻͺȻתĿꡣ
ϧзƴʱͻȻ֡
ڲǼڡ
зƴ
ֻźطѡޣҲǺܺãзƴȹ˰꣬˳зļڣ¹ԭҰ֪ǲǵзƴ顣
ھͼ򵥵ˡ
ôƤҪʱ䷢ͣŷ͵ʱ䣬¹ԭҰڣȷһߣȻʼķˡ
ȵķ֮¹ԭҰܹˡ
ȻеûרҵôÿζԲ¹ԭҰҪƤĴˡ
¹ǿ¹ԭҰģԱߵˣ¹ԭҰռһûͶԼӹˣ۰ͰͿ¹ԭҰ
Ҫ¹ԭҰ˵û죬¹׾ʧ
϶˵ģ¹ԭҰνĳûʵΪԼһҵĽڶѡ
ſӣŴţ¹ԭҰָֻ¹á
ʱͺЩӵϰˣͽִó̵治ɫ
¹ԭҰȫС
ֻôһӣͱ̵졣
Ϊ¹ף˵ģ¹ԭҰû뵽滹һСڣȻҡҡλεϡ
ѾԼ·ˣȻ߲̫ȣҡҡλοҪˤӡ
ȷʵԼߡ
һ˷һ¹ԭҰõװһǰ򷹵̳
ѾԹˣǴ¹ԭҰ˹Ạ̊́ϸɻĥϼ룬ʱ򣬿һЩá
ֱӰ԰˺¶˳ܹؿ涵ŵһ
аƤ֭ӡ
ֱһڳԵ
е̣Ǻܺóԡ
ڰӵŶҲͺ¹ԭҰ̫࣬ûгҲе
Ǻ¹ԭҰһǣ¹ԭҰòȣǱߣȴе̫ˡ
¹ԭҰڸͲһˣζոպã̿ڵܳԵóӦǷһĽ֭֭ܺõؼζ
ѾԹˣֳôһǸоеδ
ֲ˼ȥһ
ղС¹ְڵڵʱԱ߶ˣЩҲеЩĵζϣû뵽ζôá
̾ԼҲڼ㣬ǵֻͣǽǲġ
֪Щʲô¹ԭҰֱڳðӵˡ
һСĴף˵㻨Ǻͣ𣬻е顣
¹ԭҰպŰӳԣ͸պһ
¹ԭҰİƤӵɣϾͺ͵Ƥࡣ
͵İƤˡ
ҧһСӣܹڻ֭СҨһĴףൽ棬ײ̫࣬ͻǹζ
Ĵϡͣߵζںϣγµζ
л׵
ͳԲԲˡ
¹׿¹ԭҰףҲԣѾˣҪ
һ
¹ͼ¹ԭҰٸһ
¹ԭҰȣķ֮һ
ȾȻֻķ֮һ¹еƵع˹գˣ¹ǸܺСѣûһķ֮һҲԡ
õ¹²¹ԭҰҨһĴ׽棬˳ҲｪСڽһ㡣
ͬζҲܺóûдǡ
СܾԼˡ
ҪܳԵÿôһ㣬ܺС¹һٶķ֮һ


147 
ȥ괺֮ǰ, ־ͺ˵͵С¹ҳԷҲӦ
軹ǵһʱ, ֱѧź¹ԭҰ˵Ҫ顣
С¹ϣ¹ԭҰˡ
СڵĳԷ¹׽СڵĻ, Ѿʮһˡ
˼, ϰһ죬˼ͻԷһ, ȻС¹ҳԷȥεĳɼ»飬óС̫Ǳߵĸá
ڿ˼ĳɼҲȳκ̫ˡ
Ӿã˵С̫˳Ρ
ԽԽ, ǳѧھûС̫ˡ
, λͦ˵ġ
˼Сѧϰʱѧϰ˼Сʱѧϰ
ں, Сʱ򣬳Ҳܹһˡ
ڳ˵, Ƕڳ˵ȴ֪Ǻǻ
ΪСĹǱȷ, ɼ, ҪӱŬѧϰ
費ȷԼǲǳαͲõĳɼѩϼ˪
Ψһҵ, ܾǳڲŶ꼶
꼶һж磬ǴˣɻԴĻᡣ
Ҫǵȵ꼶иУǿɾûˡ
Ȼֻѧһ죬ɳУѾʼˡ

ѧһ죬ڳСѧ˵ȻޱȵģǶڽĸͻͦ۵ġ
߿ʱˣ𳿵ѹҲе
ҹ޻ؼң𳿷ְں绰˼˵𳿳Է顣
ԼҪС¹СԷģ֮ҲûдҪ߼ˣǰԼȥѧУ
ĸûиȥ
Ҳǲ֪ûбѧУģҲǷҪֶŮѧУǴ绰 ˽һ
ô˵ѧУԼţʳܹǰȫЩġ
ͷԵĻֿɾ첻ȥˡ
𳿰ְֺĵ绰֮󣬽𳿰ְʽô¡
ûƭ裬𳿰ְôһʣһһʮȫ˵ˣû˵ԼΪС¹СܺóԲ˺顣
˵ԼԼˣҪһԷġ
𳿰ְҲû˵ʲôýԼעЩڵʳ
Цŵ˵ͷһؾǹȥˡ
̲סԼķԵ㣬ըϺһݳס
õʲô㣬Ҳֻ֪Ҫ֪ԾˣӦͦģԵһ顣
ܹϵһնװĲֵ֣ĶƤǱп˵ģпڣܹС¹ҵϰ壬ôɱȻְġ
ĲȻûдˣǡ
ɱģ¹ԭҰš
鷳㻹ȡ
̯ϰ¹ԭҰҪԼ
͵Ĳˮȥϰذιۣʸ࣬Ȼ󻹰¹ԭҰҪ󣬸гɴһָĺƬ
Ҫе̫ûпڸУеúһ㣬һҧȥȫ⡣
õ㣬ûؼֱӾͿˡ
¹ԭҰǰһȥȣȻ͹ըըⶼýˣͿ̳ˣȻԼ׼õ֭պһ¾ó
ͻ֭ζͬʱҲܱסԼըдĿڸС
֭Ҳ¹ԭҰصĽϿζ֭򵥵˵ζл
ٶ˵ںӱ˻㽭ˣҲ㽭ȴûмģ𳿵ȻҲûгԹ
ͷһγ㣬һҧȥĿڸк΢ۣȻһըָ֮С
Ϊݹ֭֭ˣд֭ζͬʱը˵Ĳ֣Ϊ֭ˮ֣ͽԵըִе㲻һһ͵ĿڸС
Ա߸պһըϺ𳿲ϸϸԱȣܳԳǵĲͬ
е΢ĺóԡ
𳿼ϾͰˡ
֮⣬ըϺʵҲǺܲģִֵĴϺ˿ǣ£ըִࡣ
ʵ˵𳿾ըϺ͵Ĳɫʳ䵱ʳĽɫܹСԵ꿴СԵĻ𳿻ģԻġ
ǳˣΪһ߲ˣ𳿸˾ãӦû˻׵İɡ
׳ôóԣǺ⣬Ǻ߲ˣֻ׶Ǻܺõһʳġ
տѧܽ𳿻ûдӺתʹҴҵظʦĲһȻ岻ôۣǾȴ۵ġ
Ҳǲġ
С¹Сݲͣһ˵ʳο顣
оԼѧϰˣ
о͸漱ֻ²˳߳䵽һֻȥдԾ
ʳ޾Ծ潥ĥ࿸һڿεʱ򣬽𳿸оԼֿҪˡ
óԸ
ھ¿ʱûжˣڽ𳿸оԼŲȥʱ򣬽̨ϵʦǴ󷢴ȱԸȥԷˡ
֮ǰС¹ҵԼ𳿺ֻǱ߳硣
Ļʳô죿
Ůֹͦ۵ģǾѧУ̳˵ƼȥĿ͵ԡ
ô˵ء
Ҳǲó԰ɣϾҲǱܶѧƼ˵Ŀ͵꣬ҪǲóԣҲôơ
ڵ̬žѾԹ˸õģζһģе㿴̫ϵĸо
ҸҪǣǱָٷٸǳ磬ÿҹ޵ġ
ȻǳԱˣȴûϡ
˵ĺˣոմӺٹɵѧ̬һʱתҶеɥɥӡ
𳿺Ҳǲģ粻֪ʲôͺܵĸо
˶Աȷǳǿҡ
ǳ˷ϻֱϵǸɥ
ҲһǷϣ治֪ĺ˼ʽ𳿺櫵ġ
νĳ磬ʵҲвĸоһ綼ȻֻгԷʱ֣극֮øʲôֻҪеʱ򣬾ʱ
Ǹʱ״̬Ӧþǽ𳿺˵ν״̬
ĵʱ䣬ûн𳿺櫵ʱ䳤
տʼϿΣˡ
ձ𳿺ˣܹôã
棬櫺ͽ𳿣ǳʲô鵤ҩòѪ˰ɡ
櫺ͽҲº֮ǰС¹СǸǰҪƵĹأƵҧгݣ
ȻҪ˵һ޵úã
Ͳ˺ˡ
櫺ٵʱϿС¹СĹʷ
ҲС¹СոտҵɢײͷʱǸʱҪ
žûóԡ
ΪûЩ˷İɣ櫾ͺԼн𳿵ĸ˺š
ֻҪĵصſѧȻȥС¹ҳԷˡ
𳿺˺ͺ˵ʱ¶ԺúһԺ˽Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ʲô˷͸оһ
ȷû
ǸС¹СòǼԼİɣ
ҪȻôô˵û
ûҪǮ
˵𳿺С¹СĹѣԲһذæġ
𳿺ڵ񣬾ͳһ£͸޴Ľһúϻ
С¹һҪǴ棿
ǻС¹Ҵأ
ҲҪС¹ҵĹѣֻҪ;͹ˣ
Ҫô˵˶Ǽûأ
𳿺櫣ҪһغͺС¹Сܿϣǽ𳿺һ޴ķ˵ˡ
ϸѧڳԹĲˣͺһϵûУǺأһز廰
櫵ʳڣôĸɰͣúܼ٣ǽѾѧͨ󿴱ˡ
øɰʲôϵ
ˮͶˣ
ѧʱɹ¹ԭҰ΢ţ𳿵ɶûɣͰ¹ԭҰȦһ顣
һ߿һˮǽʵдգ


148 
¹ԭҰһ, ů֮ͣ⣬ʵ, ֮ģҲǺܲѡ
Ȼڳ֮󡭡
ˡ
Ҳ˵ˣϲϲģǲˡ
ԼĻ
, ¹ԭҰͲͺòá
𴲶һѵ飬¹ԭҰôܻΪһ, Լ
Ȼ, ԼҲǲеĲ
ֻҪҵҲ鷳;Ϳˡ
Ƥడ
ƤǺģ¹ԭҰߵ͵궼, һ㶼࣬ȻһЩС
ҪƤĻ, ȥרĵ
¹ԭҰȥһ, ۸Ͳ˵ʲôˣصǲóԣ
Ƥֻôһ㣬׶᲻÷Ŷ, һȫˮôǮȫǳ˸į
¹ԭҰڼԼˡ
Ƥࡣ
ʵķҲѣҪ, ¹ԭҰǰһ׼ãʲôķڵ緹ԤԼʱ, Ȼȵڶϵʱ, õƤθϸһ
¹ԭҰϴôϴּƤϾͲˡ
ȻͱҪһС̲ˣ¹ԭҰŪõƹ, ֱӴӹһСͿԳˡ
¹ԭҰŪõʱ¹ǱҲˣʰ֮󣬾ԼðְֵŽ͡
Ϊʲôҳ͡
ǵȻǳ̫˰ټҪ࣬¹ԭҰϾͰѵ緹͵ˡ
͵ʱ򻹴Сʲôġ
ϾѾҳ˰ɡ
ϺͰҲĶˣԵɵɵ۾ôˣһһıꡣ
˸ǷٵʱҲ˲٣϶ǾŵҲ𴲵ģû뵽ϢȻҲҪ
ȵ¹ԭҰѾܹӵʱ򣬰𨻹еӡ
Ǵӱȥϴּϴһ¡
մӱô˸£ƺĶˣꡣ
¹ԭҰҲԼĬĬӴӵ緹ƤҨˣȻ¹ԭҰԼģҪƤԼһ䡣
Ƥాã
ûгԵ죬۾ܹൽжôճôá
ƤҪһŻóԣֲ̫¹ԭҰһ͸պòǸ棬ʵŨڴҨﵹʱ򣬰װ׵ð˳
ڶܲ˰
Ŷоóԡ
¹׵ģ¹ԭҰ¹װŵǰ
¹һСӣһ˫ӣԼҨһȺƤ࣬ճر̣ļˣҲϰԽ
ҪȻͿ϶Ҫ̳ˮݵġ
¹׺ŬغţԳԽȥ¶ˣԥһھͳԵƤࡣ
۾̲סˡ
ƤʳϲͱȻᣬ棬ǾƤôһӣ͸һģǲܳԵġ
ҲΪƤζͣܲˡ
ֹ۵㣬¹ԭҰһ仰ûҵȷĳԷ
㿴ƤƤ
ųŨζ֮⣬ﻹֵζ
ƤȻôζ˵ʵҲбúóԵķģ
Ƥִ̼Եζ¹ԭҰСʱҲϲԣܹ֮ˣеϲԭѾˡ
ǽƤִ̼ζ¹ԭҰеСĵõġ
֮ԾƤѳԣЩ˳ԵĿ϶Ƥɡ
ѼϺü죬ʱ䵽˰ٵƤô붼԰
ȻôҲû⣬Щ˾ͽܲζ
һպͣ佴֮ͣģһͺãһ죬ƤˣҺ̬Ҳ˹̬͸ƤƤǲ״̬
취ԹˣоζĻǾͿ˫£ٰ֮裬ŪƤرóԡ
¹ԭҰǾúܲġ
Ƥ˵ƤƤǲ״̬ǻһǾ͡
һƤ棬һͣͺ󣬳ŵζһεس嵭ƤĴ̼ζ
ǰżӽȥĴ̴лϷḻɫʣͬʱлļ룬ҲƤ
ԼƤ࣬һôԼϲʲôľʲôġ
¹ԭҰϲƤϲ⻹ϲճ࣬һƤȫˣÿһ棬ܼƤӰ
¹׳ԵһˣһСƤԽȥӶůůģٴСƹϣִ࣬ᣬ滹һЩƶŴŴģóԣҲθ
¹׾Լһ룡
ְһҪһ룡
ʱҲѾϴˣϴּԼСӵԱߣ˸룬
һڵ࣬ˬڵСˣζٵõ㣬ͬоǳ
ʱڱ˯ϣе㶯ˡ
Ȼû˯Ա˳Էһ˯һǳԷڱ澭˷ǳҵѡ˳Է
ѡõҪٻļҳˣ
ڻԼ·أرǶ·üҳæ
Ǽҳæų緹Ǻ
״ȥϱ¹ԭҰһ£ǳȳԷɡ
¹ԭҰѾһˣڲż
𴲻ͦ鷳һ飬һһ·ȥʵʵĻ꣬ҪȥϴּרõСˢˢˢϴϴܰϴȥ͡
һүص¹ԭҰɾˣǼˡ
첲ȶһǱ죬Ѿˣ
Ͻ˹ȥԼȦһռ棬պܼסһֶնյСϡ
Ȼ͡
ֻԼһ֮˳ŸιһСڡ
ʱ򣬰ɲԼԷܹԼˣֻܱ֤ԼԵϵ·Զܸմ⡣
컹˵ڻϴˣǶ졭
ôףһ켸Ļ¹ԭҰҪ衣
רŸ׼һԷ£СΧȹһףôԣرϵס
¹ԭҰհǼ¸ϴˣڻûɣûá
һϰԼԷιˣǰٶȹ죬ճһڣһϾܸϡ
֤ϾҲҪΪڳԵģʱš
¹ԭҰԺ󣬾Ҳѧô۸Сˡ
СŰιƤ࣬۾ǲ㣬ÿȥǸСĶˣ
ǶϻûгԹأ
ֹţİĴȣָƹϣðС
ڲ̫óͼװûָһࡣ
¹ԭҰ룬¹׳С룬극֮һҪȥˣһҪȥѧУϰࡣ
Ҳڼô˸µͬ£Ϊɽ칫ҵ鳤Ҫȥһͬ¡
ϻᱻһȥϰࡣ
һԼĹʣԾһ˵ĹѾźˣͶ¹ԭҰ˵ˣҪȻСǲ˰ɡ
ÿ쿴¹ԭҰȥˣҲеСۣҲǮ¹ԭҰȫûҪôࡣ
ʵ¹ԭҰС˵࣬Ҳûô࣬ϾЩ϶Ѿ˹¹ԭҰ˾ˡ
ʮ˵ķźܶӣһȫûеôۡ
¹ԭҰɣСĹʵû̫Ĺϵֻѡ
Ȼڻǲɣ¹ԭҰѾˣô˵ҲðСɵϸбҵɡ
Ǯܲðһ׬¹ԭҰҲ˰
ܲʲôɣ͵ŰɣȻҲ룬ܾеȥ
Ծֻܺܶˡ
ŬʲôĲ룡


149 
ϳƤ, أ
͸ճûã¹ԭҰֿʼ˼ˡ
δѡ
ζԿ֮, ڱ涳ȵҪԵʱóˡ
ƵĻȣͷ֮ġ
Щ춼ûУǰųԹ, ¹ԭҰʱ԰š
·һҳ۵̯ӣճԹ緹¹ԭҰ˳һ, ̯ϳ, ֻ˼˵ĳۣҪǮ, ¹ԭҰȻֻǳϰټһＹ
Ŵĳ۷ǳó, ¹ԭҰûʲôڱεС̯, Ⱥĳۣķ紵ţˡ
ۺóǺó, Լ̫鷳ˣ¹ԭҰʲôģ̫ܡ
¹ԭҰ͵, ͦоģʲô, ¹ԭҰʱ, Ϊǰһϵ˿ûʣˣԱ¹ԭҰù͡
ֱӰ˿ڱƤ棬Ϊ˷ֹƤΪˮʧӲ, ԰֮Ҫһ㱣Ĥȵڶʱ򣬰ѱĤȻˢͣƣҲȫˣˡ
ȥһЩ˾õҰæ˾кˣԼؼңŪʲôＹ⣬˼㳦һУ㽴ΣģǶ졣
¹ԭҰȵģġ
ˣ¹ԭҰ뵽ʲôˡ
ûʲôˣȻȥһ°ɡ
ΪгõĲˣҪͻؼҲȥУ¹ԭҰĻ˯ˡ

ΪͶյģֻ¹ԭҰѣ𳿺櫣Ҳ֪Լܳʲô
ʵǶģ͵аҶ⽴иͷ·߻гۣۣţлۡ
ôͣѡҲظһΣô룬ᵽûͳԵĵزɡ
кܶ࣬رʵĸоûУǺͨ𳿺ÿѧͣϾǳġ
ѧУſЩͣûѧУСĹضףóԡ
ǸԲ̫
ҪԱҪԺãͺƵĹϵһ߲ɼá
𳿺櫿˵ǺΪˡ
һ뵽ĽڿΣҪǳԲ˵ǾˣҲŲסûӸת
ھָǶС¹أ
С¹Ҳ͵ĻǸжãμʮӣ𳿺һȥСһġ
С¹СҲ͵Ļ𳿺櫶Լȥԡ
ÿѧǸ³ĵطС¹ſڲԶ³ĵطѧУһ·϶ҪԼ߹ȥ
·ϣǵ棬϶Եģƶ̯Ҳкܶ࣬ǵͻ϶·ģȻһ߳һߡ
ʱĻܹڵϣԸʲôġ
͸˵ΪҲûж˼͵ζ棬ҴҳҪȥѧˡ
һҼ˳ԺúͳԱͣǸжð
ԱͳԺС¹ҶУС¹Ͱ
һ뵽ʵ𳿺櫻һۣԼͬ̾һ
ϰʲôʱеҵİ
Ƕ޲԰ϰˣ

¹ԭҰһȥУͿƲסԼϲϹ䣬ˮ䵽ʳִʳ䵽ʳִʳ䵽ӵһѡ
˭뵽ʼֻһ֥ʿأ
Ȼᵽ֥ʿ
ѵ¹ԭҰͰǡ

¹ԭҰƤֱ˾滻֣Ϊ¹ԭҰԼף淢ʲôģ鷳Ҳ̫ŪڲϵĻ֥ʿ˾֮⣬ҪһЩ콷Ģ㳦
˾Ҫȥģ콷Ģ㳦¹еֱð¹ģ¹ûеģ˳Ҳܽ
㳦¹ԭҰò˳ϵĹʽ滻ˡ
ʵҲвͬ࣬еҲ֪ŵʲôкǿζûеģȫζ
еƷʺܺã͸һ̵֣ģжˡ
¹ԭҰؼҵʱѾſڵˣʱ򣬿ģţҲûڣʹ˸绰¹ԭҰ֪ڻ·ϣ̾ſڵһ¡
¹ԭҰ̰ŰĴС˽ȥͶڳĲϣǲʰЩ
ȰҪĲʰ
ǽҪ÷ɲ˿⣬㣬һ⳴˿
΢鷳һ÷ɲ˿⣬ĻҲر鷳Ҫ΢һѧͷ
ò˵ԵĶǺġ
Ϊ˲̫֮ã¹ԭҰǲ¿ʱ䣬õģѧǵϾܳԵȺķˡ
ֲ˵ͽ̣¹ԭҰһСһζΡ
ѧԭƻʮ˵ģΪʱʧ¹ԭҰˡ
Ȼˣ˻СĳܷΧڣ¹ԭҰòȥӼӡ
ΪҳԷٶȲͬпĳһӾ뿪ˣܸһλóλ
¹ԭҰʳõλҲã¹Ҳȥǰߵʳóˡ
ôСԷӰ¹ԭҰķӡ
򵥣ѽˢ˾棬ȻѲȥŽ濾ˡ
֥֮ʿ˾涼ڻˣ͸ڻ֥ʿܹ콷㳦ҲܹĢ״
Ȼ¹ԭҰûжˢͣڿʱ򱻿֬Ѿ㹻ˡ
˾ý࣬¹ԭҰõһ£ֶѵĴ뺰һ£ͻȻȥˣ粻Է
ǾС¹ɡ
¹ԭҰͿ˾ֱӰһ˾гķݣȻ棬Լͽһ飬õʱ˾֥ʿ໥ǣ˳˿
žͺʳ
¹ԭҰһ߳ԣһȥǰʳã̻С¹СڣǵСҲ
һ˾Ǻܴ¹ԭҰھͳԵˣߵǱߵʱһԼһȻʣµĶ¹ǰԼųԡ
ԱߵѧǵļӲͣжĽˡ
Ǹǿ֪һóԣ
ǼСôҸ
ΪʲôϰļӲͣ
ΪǶСѧ
ҲŸմСѧҵûð
ƽҲҪ
ѧзźȻһ룬֪Ϊʲô⼸СϰļӲˡ
¹׺¹ԭҰһְ֣Сںһ˾ˡ
õˣֻСѧǲеģúϰĶֶӳΪС飬лǣ
ĿʼڿǷ½ڲ٣СѧеĿԡ
ȻΪܵڲ٣ܹϰļӲ͵Ļ
ʵڲҲô
¹ǿɲ֪Ա߿Ĵ涼ʲôħ֣Ҫʼ
飬Сһһ顣
ǷҲˣȰԵ˵
֪ΪʲôܾҪǲԵĻͻⷢĸо
¹ŴͣһҧȥòԶˣܹҧȥǸһ
񲻺õˣûôҲܹ¹ҧһ֥֮ʿĳ˿
ӾЧ
ֱˣ
ʱ˿̣ҵĿУֻ֣
ھֻ¹ԭҰ˵һ仰ϰ壬㿪Ǯ
ҳǮ򻹲
Ǵģ֭ģ֥ʿŨģǳġ
ҧһڣ֥ʿеס˾һڳεĲϣв̽ţû࣬ÿӼͳԵˡ
߲˵ΪѾ׸ĵ˲߲˵ĳëˡ
С¹ְĺο̫ĽС¹ˡ
ְ־ȻôóԵĶ
ҲС¹ְܺóԣԼڼԵȫһıķԼͻǸһ
ģȻʼܺóԣǳԵֻʣ±ˡ


150 
С¹ְһ, ֻҪһϳԣϳˣֻʣ±ƤĲ֡
ĳ, Ҳȫõġ
˾жѳԣ
¹ԭҰõľͨİ˾֮󣬴һ࣬ΪͿĨȵķѽ, ÿһڶܹԵϵζ
ѳԣڵġ
ССҲչͬķζ, ֻҪŵ, Ϳˮ԰
ϲʲô϶, ҲûŶ
Ҫô˵Ķ̰أ
ԱߵǸԼǰ, ѾųóԵ÷ɲ˿, ¹ǵ
ⲻ֪ͷ֪жĽһ̷أ
÷ɲ˿ģɫ÷ɲ, żƬƺɫ廨⣬廨һ, ܰһȥȻ΢һ, ͻˡ
÷ɲ˿, ÷ɲҲǺܺóԵĲ֣֭һ㶼ɬ, ׷һԽ׷÷ɲ˵ζˡ
͸ö˵ˡ
⻬ۣ˴ˬ΢΢ζȶȣһ˶ȼĸоڵһ֮󣬿Ӹͣһֱֱһ졣
Ҳȫûȱġ
Ϊʹõǲ㣬ԡ
ʱ´̾ͺܷˣ
ôóԵ⣬ΪʲôҪûõĶ
ụܹ̂޹˼ɵشڽֱ£ȥ̽пܻڵһЩϸС̡
ΪЩ̵ĴڣĿһӾͼһ롣
ССĲ㣬һСɽ
ǵûд

һ÷ʱ򣬸Ҫ̰ѷѵø߸ߵģΪף̲֪θôͰҪˡ
ۿӶҪѲˣǸһֱҪӷû취ֻȳķ˵
Ϊ֪ԼڶҪȥӷԸĲˣ˵мƻؽ˷䡣
Ǻ˿
˿ô·ź˿Ҳͽȥڷ
÷ɲ˿㣬Ǻ·ĲˣҪǻϳԵĻǾ̫˷ˣ
ÿȷֳһ÷ɲ˿÷ɲ˺̫ķϻֱӺ׷ˣΪ׷̫ĹϵõķûôĽɫ
Ҳ׷ζƫһЩ̫ǰ跹ˮе٣ǳӣ÷ɲ˿⳴ζҲܺð
׷ȻʳҲܺó԰
û˻ΪԷİɣ
¹ԭҰһٷԴ׷Ҳ˵ġ
ھԶĹȥԭʼΪĲ㣬ԱǶԣһȽѶȵ飬ˣʳ˵Ҹ
ָоҲͨڡ
׷ʳĸоĵزҸС
跹Ҳһģܺóԣܶ࣬飬У޴ɲأɵؾܹ֭˺ˣ׷ϡ
ߣŨͳུ÷ɲ˿跹ұߣ跹
һǽɫһǽɫ
ͬķζо̫ˣ
ܾԼʲôʲôأ
ͷһڷ׷еɫ˵ʱˣ
뵽ˣˣ
ô˳Է϶в˵ˣ
ǲԣ԰
ĳܺõģΪ֣Բ˵Ķأ
æζɣ
۷ع۲ܣȻ
ûֲ˵ˡ
ʵ˵еģС¹СҲкüڿ˵ʱ򣬱ܾᡣ
㿴žͺܺóԵӣǲ˰
˭ֹ涨ˣͱҪ˵ģ
ǰ˳ȥˣȻмˣζȻǺúŶ
ܹһʼͲҪ˾ͺˡ
ٷԺֳԱ˷ӶͿʼůˣȥѧУĽŲ
Եô绹ҪϿΣǿ϶Ҳǲˡ
¹ǳ緹ӷŵմȻʹҵһû˳Էĸɾطʼдҵ
ʱʱȽ϶ݣǸɴֱдҵҵдˣһ
ʰˣҲһ䣬˼Ȼȥѧʱ򣬲Ҫҵˡ
ҵ϶ҪģҪĻͺ鷳
ȵ¹ǶȥϿˣ¹ԭҰҲʣһ
ǰûʱ¹ȥѧʱ¹ԭҰҲôһڼҴŵģһֻ˯˯ʱҲʹ򷢵ˡ
ڣ¹ԭҰͷϵȥϰİ𨻹ϣֻ治ȥҲǺ˯
͡ǰܵ˶˵Ĺ¶
ͻȻԼ̬¹ԭҰˡ
Ϊʲô̬
Ȼ˻ҪæãЩеûġ
ʱʱ䣬Լɡ
¹ԭҰԭζ̲裬Ҫȵһ֣ȻӱͳŴ׷ۣѩ
ѩǳ򵥣ֱȽϹС㣬ÿŴ׷ۺ׵ۻϼţ̺ǣ˾ѩƤ
ȻͣʵˮһƤ棬ѩˡ
¹ԭҰӵľ飬ѩҲܿ졣
հѱƤãСͰ̲͹ˣΪڲǷ㣬¹ԭҰߵľҲȽϽ͵ñȽϿ졣
¹ԭҰıƤûãѩˡ
С˴ţȰ̲Ž´ȻװűƤĺ浹һˮӵʱ䣬Ƥˡ
ѩͿԿʼˣһͣһźÿֺóԵʲݮðӵַ
һֵֻѩɣ¹ԭҰһĸĸֺѩﰤ棬¹ԭҰ衣
̲ϰߣ¹ԭҰȺȸһڣԭζ̲ŵͨĺ飬ů̲治
¹ԭҰѩѩQıƤͣˬĲݮ
ȫóȥˣ
˷Сģ¹ԭҰǰ̲裬ĸѩͨͨԵˡ
Ҳļˡ
Եһ飬¹ԭҰͦŶ̱ϲˡ
ݮͱƤʣ˺ܶ࣬򷢺õҲУ¹ԭҰ֮ȥѩڱ棬Ȱ°࣬С¹ѧ˻ԣǼڳԵô
Ѿ붯ˡ
Ա˾Ϳʼ¹ԭҰԱֶֻרõСӣҲı첲ס
ĿǷֻ
¹ԭҰ֣˯ֱӣȥ׺ãͲõıӻỬ䣬Ƽ¹
¹񻹷µ÷
칫˯ʱ򣬿԰·һϣſҲõıӻỬ䡣
˵¹¹ԭҰʵڵˣһ㶼ʺż·
˼Ůſ˯׵Ӵڼϣ˯˯Ż䣬÷
ʱǵıֻˣԼףȻŮǵϣŮʱպȻ
¹ԭҰأ
ôʵڵֱӴӸϾֵĿԣ
ӻ䣿
ǿɲУ
Ҫģ
źë̺¹ԭҰ˯˿ˮʲôʱ°ؼҵ֪
ȥҪǴͬµġ
ͬ£΢е⣬ɽе㲻̫һιȥȥ˽һģ˳һ¹ͬµİš
ΪͬʲôҪͷʼ
͡
ʱСѧˡ
͵ʱ˵
æ˹˰֮󣬰ʹ°ˣɽ칫ұͨ칫Һõĵط
ࡣ
йʱûʱֱڼϢˡ
¹ԭҰ˯ûϷŵԱߣԼȥ¹ԭҰŪҵĳʰһ¡
϶˶ӣſǸζʼϬ
ֱ͵ˣ
˳֤ݣ


151 
˫ֳŵ, ƨһվˣ
վϣΧ¹ԭҰתͼҳΪֵ֤ݣ
ϸϸѰһ֮޷, Ͼȥ, ס¹ԭҰ, ͼ, Ȼ
ǰÿҪҳʱ򣬶Ǹ¶Ǹ˼ҳԼͰȥˡ
ö֮ϾͲһִ
ȥֲӤΧڵΪ, Լ˵
ˮ
Ȼ󡭡
һΪ¹ԭҰС˯, ûзϱԼ, ҲäĿԼһܹȥ
ֻСץס¹ԭҰĿ, ƨɴͬʱ
Ȼ󡭡
ԭرQһ£԰
԰
¹ˣ
ôطûжģ
ѵӦѾҪȥǸط
Ͼٴνгԡ
·, Ϻлط¹ԭҰ˶Цһ, Ȼֱ·, ⲻ֪Ϊν˶, Ѿʼһˡ
һǼɫɤţС¹Сը
¹ԭҰֱӱѣͷϾԼĽűߣСӷŵһߣȻСӲر񣬵ͻȻСÿ¹ԭҰǸоһ㺮⡣
ڵϵϱ, ¹ԭҰ¥ȥˡ
ǵҪĵط¹ԭҰ
ôһ㶼˲أ
ѵŤŤתſ¹ԭҰļϣһַֻ¹ԭҰףв԰
ѵŤ˻ȥ顱רעض¹ԭҰգҪһ顣
ְֹȻ͵ˣ
͵ʲôˣ
¹ԭҰһ㿴̫İɫĩ쵽ţûʲôζ
оԼոŵǸζһ
ѲɵóԵܸܵ
һ£ûζ
оԼܵƭ
ȷˣ
Ȼ͵ˣ͵ԵĲǸ
ֲ㲻𲻺óԵĶϲŲȤأ
ǸܺóԵĶʲôţ
˳˼淢һжŲˡ
¹ԭҰ֮󣬾ʹ¥ȥˣÿ𨱳ͼ˵
֮⣬Ա߻һնյģͲСӣСԱߣһߵ䡣
¹ԭҰһӦǣ⡭
Ǽ̣
жÿ찡֮ǰ˵ضȽ֢ض֢ģҵתôЩ죬뿪ˣ
Բԣ
¹ԭҰ˻Դ˯Լ˯ˡ
ôǼ̰
뿪ˣҵת֮Ѹٽӣʱ䣬ʱڶأ
ôһҹ֮ôֻ
ô£
ӵ飬°֮󣬱¹ԭҰ˵ģǻ¹ԭҰ˯ˣû˵
ڲҲԡ
Сѡ
ǰ˵Ǹµͬ¡
ɽ칫ҵͬ£϶ɽ
ͬµķ֣˵е㡭
ϷԵģ
ţСǹ˾֯ŽȥĴèţСҲȥ֣Ȼ͡
Сӡ
λͬµͬµ̫һ
ͬ£Ҳ˰𨣬Ǵ֮ǰѡΪɽ񣬶Ǿ٣ڴйġ
λͬء
ȷȷʵʵűѡΪɽ
ţССֵʱһëûˣߺֵ̰Ļأ
ɽĳ֣ɽ칫˵Ҫġ
Ҫ֪ɽĳ֣ĳ̶ֳϣʵǸйصģֻˣɽеĿܡ
ĿǰеŨȣɽ붼Ҫġ
ȷȷʵʵسһλ֮󣬿ӦȥСɽֻ˵һ㣬һԤס
ڵŨڻ
һɵӰ죬ɽӦòĵ飬ҪģǹԼϽȻ˳տһճСɽ
СɽȻɽ񣬵Сȥ·ݳģ·ݣܹҲ߸´󣬲ܰߵı׼ǴèǱߵı׼СɽһʵʵС̡
벻֡
λСɽôһ⣬˫̥еһ
մèǵϰԣ˫̥ĻĸèһȽС̣СɽǿܻᱻǸҪǳͱѡΪɽ񣬵õɽıӻСɽ϶Ųèص˷֣׶Ĺ
ΪԭСɽûԼ裬ȫ̰Ǹġ
ͨèб̰踧Ȼûʲôģɽḛ̀
һͻȻ̰ǰʲôġ
ܱ黹Ǳ˰ɣɽ칫ҾСɽȴʱš
ǰȥɽ칫ϰݣΪʲôǼ󡭡
˭Уҵޣͨգӵнʦʸ֤޶ͯѧأ
˭
ţСȴʵСɽҪǻţСʲôĻ˰ɡ
¹ԭҰСӵݣȻأ
ΪʲôҪ˵
ǵȻΪ¹ԭҰԺҲСɽ̰֮һ
¹ԭҰ
Ȼ֪ʶܳ㣬ǼͬҲûʵģɽ칫Ψһӵģܺͼɻġ
˵仰ûн¶ȷ𰸣ڳɽ񣬲Լͬؿ˹ϰ໹Ҫ̵İ𨡣
˵λ̥̻ѧУ϶꼶ˡ
찡
ôʵ϶ܳ㣡
ûˡ
ȫƱͨèСɽ̰־ѡ
˵ʲô̰־ѡʲôʱʼģ
ô֮ĺ
֪֪èᵽжܻӭ
λǲԲȣǮҲе뵱èʺٵİ
ʵҲ¹ԭҰûɶϵΪĺϷ£ΪèСɽ̰֣ô¹ԭҰȻȻΪġ
衣
㻹ǱȽϲƺĻҲĸġСӵĿ֨ѰֱôһСξ룬СӾͱ˺ȦСܡ
Ȼ¹ԭҰźһ
С̬ܵô˵ء
ǺˣȲǿӪҵһµǲеˣ
¹ԭҰ֮ͥͲ±˷֡
Ȼɽڹٷ˺ŵģ¹ԭҰôû˵ɽҲ˵ЩӦûڶԴ״̬
Ȼ£ôɣȻ̵ġ
ͬسף֮⣬ҲԼسھ滹һġ
Ӱһ˵ӾôΪϵĲһֻè̶һɲˡ
˳һᣬֻẹ̀ȻѾܹˣһֱñˡ
ѾǣǻǺ޳ܵؼװͨèڻƭƭƭ̰֡
Ϊɽ칫СɽȥСѧ鱻֪֮󣬾һֱִèԭαʾ顣
Ҳûʲôá
мڣܿ˲˵ȫòο
һЩѹˮ¹ԭҰ¥𣿡
Ǵ㿪ѧ֮ͻˣ˱Сɽһ֮⣬ҪǣԼĸ԰˸ӪˣԺ󸻹԰ͽӪ˹ˣԼ͸Ǯˡ
⣡ȥ¥Ѿסˣһ¹ԭҰﲻҪˣ˵ôãСɽʲôܲһֱСɽСɽؽа
ûȡǰָ̰ȡһлôˡҲûСɽٱˣֻǸСɽ˵˾
˾ЧžǰֻٷְٴĴèˡ
һۿǴèǵڶ۾ܿʵֻһֻȾɫĺڰ׹ѡ
˾Ͳ¡
ܹżĲǼˡ
˹ѣǵģôһ䣬װȫСɽĶ
Լ
ȥѾסѾˣõŰ᣿
ȫûҪ
˯Լɡ춼ˣǰŽ飬žʰˡ
ôԶ··֪ж
ûˡ


152 
εĲַ̰ˡ
Сɽ񻨻һ, ڹ棬Ҳ֪ͳһԼڻݵ
˵, ѻͦġ
¹ԭҰûȥ¥Ϣļ, ո˵ʱ, ͸¶ƣ, Ҳˡ
ڻû㿪ʼ¹ԭҰͳʱ䣬ȸ𨿪Сѩð𨳢
𣿡
һ, ûԱ, ٸɡǸ԰а緹, ڵ, ȻȫǱͶιˡ
ͷθںܺ, ˵ľûдˡ
ȵιϣϷ˶, 𨿴䷹, ҲǺθ, ɴûԡ
Уٸ㡣¹ԭҰڰǺõģſ̻û䣬ַ˾ڿϡ
˲ҪȻС¹ѧˣ϶Ҫ, ˵ľ͸С¹Ժˡ
ʱ䣬¹ԭҰִѩҷϵЩҷȥˣ
ѩеӶ̫ã¹ԭҰˣǴȻԱ˷֮󣬵ģȷűһ£ӵĺóԡ
ڱ档
͸󱧱һ¹ԭҰߵǱߣִǱ߶ߣʱʱػ¹ԭҰݵŵĹߡ
СǴ˿̵ȴԼ·û˴ڸС
˵ǸʱŵǸֺóԵζʲô
϶¹ԭҰĶôôͷģŵǸζǡ
ԲĹĵĴͷܺóԵӡ
ϵĿˮԾ
ôһ͵¹ԭҰոõѩ棬Һðٶȿ죬ʱѿˮסˡ
ѩ
֮ǰıƤȫ꣬¹ԭҰѩ⼸ѩ棬ͽıʲ㣬ݮͻʣ˲١
ϲУ¹ԭҰɴʣµȥιˡ
˵ݮպζĲ¹ֵСݮͷɫãζ𣬵Զܺóˣοùպͣ
ݮ͵ǿǿϣֱ˫Ŀ֡
һֱǸζڲݮ͵İ£ܱˣרĵسڲݮ͹ͬ
ֱ¹ԭҰĿַһ֡
ζ
Ųݮ̧ͷȥ۲ζǴƮǹˣ
ˣ¹ԭҰȰװ棬Ȼкԡ
¹ԭҰǰûп¹ԭҰѵ
Ƿ˵һ
һξԼԣԼеСġ
˸ʱˣǰһû̫ķϻͺ¹ԭҰһʼʰˡ
ǵȰ׷ŵ緹ȥȻҪĲ˶ϴɾ
߲гɷԵĴСˡ
ϵĲǿ଼⣬һ㣬һɹˡ
߲˵Ļֱò˵гɷԵĴСͿˣĻҲֻҪм⣬Ϊʱ¹ԭҰѾϰСˡ
Ϊ¹ԭҰֻȥǼ⣬ϰ嶼¹ԭҰˡ
ҪʱȽϳˣȻǿ଼⣬Ǹɹˡ
ʵȳԺԣȳԵĽ㣬ڸбȽĻڸлȽQ¹ԭҰϲĿڸУԽ֮Լóһ̣һߣʣЩͷŵ棬Ȼŵϣˮ¡
㻹ʱ¹׺ͽСǾͷѧˡ
һĻ˼κˣԼ˷ѧһдҵġ
ΪСĴѾǰʲôĥĥˡ
дҵǶܱ˭дҵ죬˭дҵȻڵٶȻǵףǱС̫һѾܶˡ
տѧҵȻܶ࣬¹һдҵΣҲڳԷ֮ǰдҵ
¹׾ͽͰְ˵һҪСȥһ
һͿڲǱߣǰһ
ⲻ¹Թ
ǰкö࣡
ʵǰҲֻѣǰǰ飬¹缸˷ֵ黹Ҫࡣ
ΪƬ˾
¹Ͼˣְһ˾͸һС飬¹ھûˣͳԲ
Ȼ֪ϻͣǻҪȵأ
ʮСʱ
ĺ
¹׵˺þãŵȵѧһ뵽һҪȣ¹׾;õȲסˡ
Ͼͳԡ
Ǹտѧûʲôԣý¹ױΪԼҪȵڶˣû뵽边Ȼڳ
Сϣ涼ź¹ǿ
¹Լ˵Ļ۰Ͱ͵ؿְҵдˣܳԵǸ𣿡
𨾫׼ץסص㣡
磿
ѵⲻǷ˵һθ
еС
¹ԭҰæͷҲûأɣġ
ܳһ𣿡¹ְֻߣȻԼ°ͷ棬Ŭֻ۾ȡ
ϧڴûиоܱɰҲûио
ܵص˵ͷ
¹ײŲ̬жôķܣֱһƬлл裬ҳȥ
һƬ
һƬ
ӵһƬ¹ףǿǵ֮Ĵ˼Ұ
¹ײǸСܴ󷽵رʾԺСǷȻͺѵسȥˡ
ֻʣ˴İ𨣬пеҵСϡ
ͻȻоһͷһһԲԲĺڰˡ
¥ϵĻ֪ʲôʱ˳¥ˡ
ϻôһζƮֲģȻ˳ζ˰
һͱζǹɵֱִӾûˡ
ôĻʳ̰ˣ
̰ûɫôߣ˲߸´ôȥӴ
û취ֻŰȥˡ
ڰ𨻳ϣȻҲûдĶģڰ𨻳ϣȫûаѻġ
ǣҪ֣ҪСô
ȫûиоκΣеϣؿԼ
ͦãе©
ˡ
ŵڵϵǳʹǲҲ֪ι󰡣
ôóԵĶ
ôܶأ
úúýһſԡ
κ˰æ˳ŰȾԼȥˣȻ󼷽˰Ļš
Ȼ󡭡
Լƣϵ
һ߳ԣһϡ
˷ʳ֪֪
һ㣬֪֪ѾصˣΪʳﱻᣬϿģ
Ҫèˣ
ܱС¹ĻèпԵģ̬ͻһȣ͡
ɡ
Ҳֻм´󣬵ǻļ£ϵļ¸ܱȣʲôԣʲôüɿڡ
һͰѴǱԵˣȻʼϵһˡ
ֻǰưסߣŷϵĴ
ѽƤȫûоģ
ӵ̬ȣϿ˷ŭˡ
һ´Ӱ𨻳վһקסβֱͣӰק
ܣܲǺ⣬ܳԷܿɾҪ˰
Ȼֻʼܡ
Ʋ˻ķҲϣĸݣ˼ġ
Ҳתȥһͷͷְ𨻳ͻȻֻèһΪ͵ֻè
һèһֻè
ɾҲĲ£϶Сˣû
е㲻ġ
һҪ˺ô죿
Ͻ¹ԭҰ
¹ԭҰ˿ҲģΪССģ¹Ҳ۸ϣ۸˵ϡ
ϴȥϰ֮ͬ˺ܶϡ
оһһ
ڣǴӶ¥϶ˡ
ôġ
ǿ϶СԳģ¹ԭҰһżһ¡
ĸ֣
Ϻͻܣ¹ԭҰȫġ


153 
ûʲô, Ҳһֱȥ
¹ԭҰһݮպͣϵעˣڻĻ
¹ԭҰҲŸʶҲ֪ϰʲô, ͳԵҲ˿Ųݮ, û뵽ԼĲݮû, ¹ԭҰŽſˡ
¹ԭҰǲ̫è, ǻôԣֲɵôῴ
֮ûĲݮպͣǿǵ, žͲܳ͵ӡ
ڶĿ, Ųպġ
󱻶, ˳ζ, Ȼ֪ǰǿСɽ¹ԭҰĶ, Ҳµڸպһ, ϾҲʲôͨ
˵è, ǿ, ͺȻת˿ڷ硣
ҪСɽͨèԴûĸܸǶʱ䣬ˣĻܻŶ
˼Ļ¹ԭҰòݮպ֮˻
гԵҿˡҳԵġ
ʱãʱǼұûУǷر, ѧǶûгԵһԵˡ
Ҳͦã¹ԭҰƽʱǰշģΨ٣ΪҪ㣬¹ԭҰ㣬ʳԵģЩøˡ
ѧУѧû죬¹ԭҰȳԺˣѧǲҲˡ
žƵĵ¹Ǽˣ¹ԭҰȥѧУĵ¿ǾԼԷˡ
ΪС¹СС¹׿˵ǺܻûС
нˣ¹Ͼ̣̣Ұְû㰡
ΪеڶԵĽСڶ֪ʲô㣬ο֣˼гΣ
̵ǲ֪ʲô㣬¹ԭҰڳ¹׵Ļˡ
㣬ȵ㣬ڿڸһЩͬû˵˭óԣǿ˵ĿζѡԻȳˡ
¹׾ϲQĿڸУ¹ԭҰǰͼסˡ
ΪѧԼѡ㣬㣬Ƚ鷳¹ԭҰֲ֪˻ѡ㣬ɴûѧѡͳһ㡣
û뵽¹׻ѡ
¹ԭҰ֮ǰһ̣ǴԵģҲųԣ¹ҪĻһ̸պʱ򣬿ȸ¹׳ԡ
Сںһ㣬ǾǸС¹ߣԡ
ʱ򣬽СھǺֱӵѡ¹ףҲҪ㡣
СеСᣬǲ֪Ӧѡ㣬㣬ǳڶС¹ΣҲѡ㡣
Ϊ֮ǵ˺һһԷˣպǶѡ
һ£ѡ
ȵǱߵʱ򣬿ǰ̣ڹ۲أ̾Ѹٵشһ̲ˣֱӵݸˡ
ȫûиѡĻᡣ
һǼˣҲͬķˡ
ᣬǹġ
ȻѧѡȨǺܺû̾ͺˣҪͣҲʲôҪѡֱ̾ˡ
С¹ְҲһûѧԼѡ
Լķλϣȳ㣬Ǿ㣬֮ٳԣǾ㡣
ûбҪѡ
һ֮󣬽ѧͺðˡ
Ҳֻ֪֮ҪѲ˸Ǿˡ
Ȼûѡ񣬿ɴһǷĲͬڸС
ҪǴҳԷϰ߲ͬеϲȳˣеϲȳǵˣе˰㣬е˲㡣
ģнˣǿ϶ԥһ϶ǽ㡣
ɫ㣬Ƥ˵ĹƤ⸽ڹϣΡΡضţǿ̲סҪˣ
һҧȥŴĿڸдЩճû˿壬ζ˷Ų֣˵ഺڵˡ
ʿһڣҲԼʵļƻ֮Ժ
һȫĽ֮󣬺֪ԼھȻڼʣֻڵذοԼȫǽԭףԲֵͬʱҲڰΪʲôԼڼʣ
ҪûмʵĻǲǾͿԺ޹˼ɵؽԵ
Щˣ޹˼ɵشõӡ
Ӳֱ֣ɾָմ˽Ľ֭ȻҲӲģǴڴڵسţƤ˺ҧ£Ƥܲס˺ѵһ桭
ǲˣǵ࣬Ҳ̲סʿˮ
Ҫ
ԣ
С¹СʵǳԵɡ
ֻǼ򵥵˺ˣС¹Сô·ͳҲӦóһ½㣬ҪҪǵ
Ľ㣬Ѿˡ
ȵʱͬȥִѾһˣ˾ͺܵģ˸òɣ
֮󲻶ǻɿ
ô֬˵Ҳġ
Ÿָĵģҧһڡ
ô˵أ
ܵ
ΪйǣһƤûҧƣֻƤƤûŴҲճǺܺóԡ
ûһζĽԭףĽֻ䷹
һˢʱôһֻ㣬һ߿Ӿ磬һ߳㲻
ù˼󣬲ȥĳԵʱǲǻպĽ֭һֻ㣬ҧıߣҧڵ⡣
ֻˬݵĸо
һĽ㣬ʼе̫ˣܲ㻻ɿ଼ġ
룬Һûл
Щˣ
һ㶼࣡
࣬ȫ
ڣͳˡ
ͷеøɸɾûһ˿ſʼģղſͷϵʱϵıòɡ
пʼҹʶϾѾˡ
ŮῪʼԼ
ؾΪԿʱı᲻ÿǾͿһóԵ㣬
С¹Сǲգ
ΪҶһġ
λŮ̧ͷܿԼǰӣԼһŮÿӼţȻôţƺǾÿӰ쵽ķӣֱӷ˿ӣ̶ֹֻ㣬ؿ
ע⵽λŮλŮЦһ£׵ǣĬص˵ͷкȻͼ̹ȻؿԼ㡣
С¹Сǽ̵ĳҶܹĬж
ڶСѧСѣܹһ㡣
մʣ˵ǸͰֻһЩɾǣ֮⣬û׷ûʣˣֻٵһЩˮ
¹ҲԾذԼϵĹͷÿӻ棬ȻڻմͰѲҲźãǵҵѾдˣʹʹ
˼ͳҪؼҰźãȻȥּͣԼҪּ￴ӵġ
ּװӣʲôʱ䣬ʲôʱ뿴ʲôƬУּҵıķ̻Ǻϣʳ
ô˵ɣּǳС¹֮⣬κ˼ڶϲĵطˡ
Сû취̫ˡ
¹°࣬һͻӽСڣһ϶û꣬ͱ躰ˡ


154 
¹ڲ̫ҽ¹ԭҰҵš
ô˵ء
Ҳǽǽ
Ǽڼ, ǰôһɫζȫʳǰͻܿԼ־
¹ĿǼֲǿԼ־ȻڿԼ顣
ǵûд, ¹ԭҰ, ¹ڿԼ顣
ܼҵķˣ¹ͿƲסԼԣԵʱȫǳһûϵ, һͣĽ־¹ſӶ԰ûڡ
Ϊ˱ֽ֣¹һ㶼ֱӴСڻ¹ԭҰĵ绰ýСԼġ
¹ԭҰ֪¹ڼʵĻ, ҲغԶ
Ͼкܶġ
¹Ǻö˶˵ڳֻ, Ա߹ȥһѧһ߻һ˵ŽϵĽ㡣
¹Ҳ֪ôͻȻ, óů̫, ѳ͸磬Ȼ󡭡
ͰѧĶԻ˸ȫ
ѧ˵ʲô
ȥʱѾȽˣ㶼Ѿ, 󲿷ֶܷʣкܶ֬˵Ļͺпܻڱ档
Ӱζ, Ӱۡ
һ, ڵĺӻ϶ǽģôĶǿһۣҲûԵ
ȫһ
Ѿ, ıƤֹʮľƺɫžͺˣʵҲˡ
ҧһڣĿڸУֱˣ
ǶҪˣ
ǻϰһˣҪҪȥһȣȹһֿڸУѧʱʵš
Ƥ̫˼˵
ھͺźͺܺ㵽ʲôġ
ѧɤŶͦģ߳ȥһξ룬¹˵Щʲô
˵ʵ¹ĻƽʱϿڽʲôô
һ㶼ܱ
¹޺޵˳¹ԭҰң˻
ֲˣ
һôˣ
¹ƺΪ˸ǹԼ飬ֱ׳룬ǳζ
Բֵģ
¹ԭҰʰأߵѧˣ¹ԭҰʰʰҲ°ˡ
¹볢ζ㡭
ȻҲûеġ
ʵжģⲻǳ⣬һ
Ƿݣúã಻١
¹Ϣʱ򣬼ֱ
ղڳѧĻ֮˺һһǼʣһ㣬òײ˾ʱҲҪһڵ㡭
¹ԭҰȻûˣ
𣿡¹Ͱ͵ġ
ȾȺӰɣѾһû
Ҳ˰ɡһ˵ⶼҪȥ򣬲ʵģڶʱˣȲ˵ܲõ̯ϰôã϶ǲˡ
˾ʱֻϸ΢һ䶯ĳƷֳͬζοʳƷʲͬô
¹ԭҰô˵¹Ҳû취ֻŽСڻؼҡ
Ҫ¹ܳԵҲôȥûš
ͷһֱ㡣
ǷʽСڣϵóʲôζ
¹αأ
ҲԲţܺùһ㡣
ܵ¹ôҲȥ㡣
飬Ѿ׵׵ذǰ
Բ¹ԭҰ㣬Ѳܳˣ
Щװ˵±㣬һʮǮ¹ԶٶУ
ǸմŽСڻؼҵ¹񣬶Ѿ˼ſˣһ䣬·ȥ˳С
Ѿ°ؼңڴǱ߿ŵĽһ±ƣʲô
ſ˸ʲôȥܴ
еСί

Сɽ񻨻һֱԭο飬Ϊѧ顣
èСӹôģ̰軹̣ɽ²ɣרƨ£ӻŪҲˣṵ̂û黨Ҳʱˣ
ǰȥܾǲеˣ
ǵֻ߸µı
ڻ۾ͺ֮Աǣ˼ʽǸҲһѧ˵ı
մèϰԣһ굽һ룬Ϳ뿪ĸ׶㶼ˣ
㷨ѧˣ
ۣûеСɽ־ᶨһǲ
Щʱ¹ԭҰҷһ飡
飬ӼԼΪȷģ
ǸűԭξʹһС¹
˺ü£
ռۣ
Ӧȥѧˣ
ҪȥѧҲУ
ðϺһȥ
ܾ
Լû취СɽʵеСģΪԼȥܼʤӶѧˣȻ
û뵽
ʵûдȥСѧҡ
Сɽ񻨻һ飬ԭοʲôġ
Կġ

ڣ¹ԭҰǳҹû㺰
Լζ¥ˣҲԣ
ǶôֵΪ
Сɽ񻨻̲ס
¹ԭҰ˴ųԣҲܼ򵥣ֱӰϴɾȻгɶζϸϸ۲һˡ
ÿһĺ棬ܿ棬ɫĵ
۲˳һ֪жóԣ
Ϊ֮ʣ˺üֻ¹ԭҰùҹ
Ҳ򵥣п࣬ǿԳԵģ¹ԭҰ˵ʱ򣬾Ͷȥ۲һˣʣµľӺͽš
ζ֮ըֱۣը죬Ȼտϻ֥ˡ
¹ԭҰ͵ųҹˣ˸ϢʼҪҪԣгԵܲԣ
ʹ¥ˣȻûСɽ
Сҹڳͷˡ
ըȻȽ壬СҲǲܳԣ¹ԭҰһСԼſУСɽ񻨻
¹ԭҰʵеԥġ
Ȼͦ˵СɽʲôܳԣûмɿڵĶȻλϸԭģʱ˵ǣһôɽô򵥾ͳԳëɽ˽⣬øɽ
¹ԭҰСɽһèûа취ɽϵȺš
ȻͱˣͰСѵϣҹԣȻȴûС
һţû̲סըëʵ
ԾΪôһڳԵģˣ
Ҫˣ
һˣ¹ԭҰͷһǸСӡ
Ȼ˵ʱ򣬻Ǳһ¹ԭҰɽţŲʲôͨè
ʲôóԵĺúȵģ
ûģ
ǵ¹ԭҰǰǿͱȥŤŤŤ½ǣ¹ԭҰк¹¹壬ǻ
Ҳûк滨ôͻȻˣ¹ԭҰһ˫ӣݸ˻ըõĴ㣬ɡ
еСŤģǴҵ̬ȶȻأҲſˡ
ڿһԵֻܿͰ͵ؿһСʱ򣬶ԱԼ
Զٶû⣡
ͻȻԼӮˣ
ΪʤߣԭµϺܵˡ
ԺĻСɽҲǲԴдŵϵģ
һ߶룬һ߳¹ԭҰը㡣
ըıһִ£滹տϣΪһֻţ̶רõĴèûнӴζ
Ͼͱҹζˣ
Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
ΪʲôǰûгԹ
ûгԹζĻһ棬ҲֻܺͰϱһ£ճûڣе㿹̫ס
¹ԭҰպþͰѷլˮƵҲû룬ͺһڡ
Ƕ죬ô䣬¹ԭҰҲСһԻĿǳµġ
ոմƿ浹Ŀ֣˶̼
ھܸоըָоŶ̼ûܹ⣬Ͻѿֺȥܹоһɾֱӳ嵽˴ԡ
ˬһ֣
ͷһκȿ֣ͷһô̼ˢһˡ
̫̼ˣ


155 
óԿʲô, еڿˡ
ʵǱ̼ģըڵģȻҲǿɲ, ôˣҶܳ
¹Ҳʾû, ¹ԭҰû׼ĵζۡ
ҪǲܽܵĻԼѵζ۶һ㣬ٳһը, һ֡
ͷһγ·ʳ, ԼҲ֪ԼĿζʲôģȻ¹ԭҰǳʲô, Լͳʲôˡ
ճԵһڵʱ򣬻ڷϲУڳ֮, ζڿǻ۵ܲסǸ㡣
ʱ, һڿȥ
ָоǴ̼ëҪըˣ
Ϊ̼ͷֱӱСèĲҲòסˣӴը, һ, ֻڶһ۾ġ
ֵֻС, ԼĴͷ, ԼĶͷϣԼҪһ¡
һ¾ͺá
¹׿һĻ, 㶼ŵˡ
ڻ֪ϻܱ¹飬Ϊ¹ԭҰǴȵ¹׳бҵ֮ٸġ
ڻǼҵʱ䣬¹ʵһֱûεӡ
ּһֻè, ¹ʵ˵ģϲèӵĻѧ˻ǣɢ
ͻĸ鳬á
ղŻһҹʱ¹ʵеСˣİСѵ˭Ȼը֮󣬺µСʶһµġ
ûȵ꣬¹׾ͷµСѾȻʶè
ְ֣С𣿡Ȼտʼһ£ǱϾЩͻĸռϷ磬¹һҲĻǸ
¹ԭҰûпǺܾã;Ѽ¹ˣ¹ԭҰ¹׽͵ʱϵСʼˡ
ڻհԼĶͷǵʱͻȻ˵ϵһը㣡
հ¹ԭҰָһԵˣ¹ԭҰٸһ¹ԭҰϿЧԼ
Ȼʱ򣬴һը㵽ϵǰ
ȻҪ룬Ҳ
ߣֻҪ΢һ֣õը㣡
ܷŹ
ڴǵעС¹ߵʱĬĬ֣˻ĲӣֱӾŲӿʼ
һʵҲûжټϻ֮ǰѾڣʣҲˡ
һھͰѲԵˣȻһµعǱ߽š
¹ܴܲܽû̫ĵģϾ¹׵һɽѪ
¹ԭҰ¹׽͵ʱ򣬻һֱͷϻţòˣ׼ȥըˡ
ǵ±˵ʱ򡭡
أ
˲¹ԭҰĽͣѺֵ֮¹ףܵغ¹֮󣬾Ϭɨֳ׼ץסըС͵
ըС͵ڸأ
¹ԭҰ·ϵĴأ
Իɵ񣬰ϵʷǳ㣬ȫû¶˿Ķߡ
޷ļƻջǱ֤ݣ
ڲ淢գ
棬ֻûв;ߵϣը㣬Ӷգ
ȻʵʩΪʱϵ˻ĲϣӶ˹ؼԵ֤ݣ
ֻһ
ϣ
͵Сɽ񻨻һը㣡
ǰɴû˸Ҵܿ¶ʳģ
Сɽ񻨻ǳ׼סˡ
ϵ¹ԭҰĴĥһûзָ

¹¹ԭҰĽ֪֮ɽɽûɽ˼ܾ
ְǱ֪͵ܹܵܶɰ¹֣¹׵עתƹȥˡ
һֱ뿴ϱɵİ¹ʲôӵġ
˸ʱ䣬¹״˰¹䣬Ȼһɰ¹Ӹ¹׿ˡ
¹óģ˴¹С¹ڴ¹ϱһȦ˷ܵõ϶˯ž
ò˯ˣһ϶Ρ
ڶ𴲵ʱ򣬻еﻺĸо
͵ʱ򣬶Ժģоû˯ѵӣúõسС⽣¹ͻȻ¹ԭҰһ⣬ְ֣ܱС¹𣿡
͵ܵܶܣû¹ײа
¹Ϊʹ¹С¹̫ˣû磬ȵεʱεԼС¹ְҲһֻ¹¡
¹׾ְֶ¹һҲԱ¹ġ
֪Ͱְֱɵ¹ʲôӵģ
Ȼ¹ܺÿ͵ܵܶǰ¹ˣͰְٱɰ¹ĻǾ̫ˣԵĻ¹ϣͰְܱɫС¹
Ϊ¹Լϲɫ
¹ڴ¹ԭҰܵؾ͸¹ܱ¹
ԭĻҲܼ򵥣Ϊ¹ԭҰܱ¹
¹ǰһʱ򣬻еʧģ¹ԭҰԭ֮¹׾ʧ䣬ȥοĲܱ¹¹ԭҰˡ
¹׵İο¹ԭҰʵܲµõһġ
ֻ¹һ˲ܱ¹ĻΪΨһһ¹׻ʧ䣬ǵ֪Լܱ¹Ϊ¹ԭҰܱ¹ʱ¹׾Ͳһ
͵ܵһģͰְҲһġ
¹ԭҰ¹׵˽⣬һ뵽ԼΪܱ¹еʧ䣬;¹ԭҰҲһΪеʧ䣬ܹο¹ԭҰġ
¹ԭҰ֪ܵļһ¹ǱƭСƤ
Ƥʵը⣬ը⣬΢е㲻һ
һȥըġ
ҪȰѴƤ±Ƚϵ͵ĹըΪֹȻѸٵطŵ¸ߵĹ棬ըƤƤһ֣Ϳ̳ˡ
ԵʱˢϽ֭Ȼ֥飬ȻЩĥķۣȻƤˡ
⣬һ㱡ĴƤȷŴġ
һҧȥƤˬҧڲŴ⣬ž˵ȶȣݶе㱻̵Ĵ
ҧҧȥģֻŸקӡ
װ׵ɵرѡ
֮ε⣬ڶһСǲ֣Ȼ̣ȴ᲻³ġ
һһô⽵£ȵĿǻ֮󣬾Ѹٵر±˰
ƤζȥĵζۣȻȻεĳɷ֣տζȴûôŨ
ǻ֥Ӫһּ㡣
Ƥ⣬ȫСԵĸоȷȷʵʵʳټҲó̫࣬һС⽣һƤ⣬ʵҲͲˡ
¹ԭҰҲû࣬һһСһ˰ϵĻ
¹ԭҰǸһھ͵ˡ
СθСܺġ
Ȼ¹ԭҰĹ۵㣬ϱ˵뷨
Ǽġ
¹׺¹ԭҰƤ⣬Ϊ˰οģڵģİְ֣¹װԼĴƤһ¹ԭҰ
Ҳֻа¹ףڸˣľǳԼھûˡ
¹׾ͺźȥѧˣеŲ´Ƥ⡣
ܱ¹飬ڴƤĸ£׵ױ¹ԭҰ׵Ժˡ
ھְϻܸܲһδƤ⵱ͣ
Ȼ¹ԭҰǲ̫ϲ춼һͣĻ¹ԭҰǿԿǵġ
¹׾ˣ
ѧҾͺͰְ˵
ͳμС飬ö˶˵أͻȻðôһ䡣
Ҿͺ֣˼¹ףС¹Ҫְ˵ʲô
¹׻شҪҰְ˵͸ƤԣǳԹƤ𣿴Ƥɺóˣȹ԰ը⻹Ҫóԣ
԰ըʲôӵأ
ִȻгһƬһƬģǩӴϣȻŵըˣǹ԰ը⡣
ȻҲǺܼ򵥵ǿƲըʱĻĿڸкӰ죬һ⣬ƤŴЧġ
Ϊ̫ˡ


156 
, Ǻܶ˺Եһ㡣
ʵϣĺҪ
С⽣ǳԱζƤ̫, ˮ̸, ҲΪһ, ⽵Ҳ̫ࡣ
ͿܻƤѾˣû
С⽣Իʱķţ, Ҳġ
ղͬ, ʳĵıвͬҪ, Ƥ⣬ͱҪ, ܹﵽŴЧ
Ҫб˵ĻЧͳ, ȻҲǲһġ
ӲҪ˵ĸóԵĻ, Ҳڣ˵ϲãֶǺóԵġ
¹һѧͱ񱼻ؼңһ߳ŷһߺ¹ԭҰ˵ԼԴƤ顣
Сûţ֪Ƥ£ԱߵļСæ֮ס
Сת¹׵Щ, ѾѽСڲˣܹʱ¹˵ʱСж˰ɣ
˾Ҳԣ
Ծ£ƤҲܺ׼ĻȥгˣĲϾѾˣ¹ԭҰöܲгһˣɡ
¹ԭҰӦ¹ƤͬʱͰһ˱¼档
¹ԭҰ϶һһǿɾˣÿҪʹõʳģֻܻһ¹ԭҰҪǲŪ¼ҪĲϼȵ˲˳
ɲҿ϶Լһ˾ȫ
Ǳ¼Ȼ鷳һ㣬С鷳ȴԱֵܳĴ鷳Ƚϣ¹ԭҰǸԸѡС鷳
ÿǣѾϰˡ
¹׿¹ԭҰ֮󣬾ͺܰĵسԼķˣְ֪Ϳ϶
ĴƤ⣬׶ˣ
ʱǳԴƤⰡ¹״󷽵ظ˳ŵ
СǶܸм¹׵ĺ⣬ӰӶûеĴƤ⣬ڵעǼķϡ
Ĳһȳף弦ţԼһһ˷ݵĲ̡
弦ţǼȥǣζ֮Ƥһڹ壬֮гɷԵСˡ
Ƥ֮ˮ¶ѩ׵ļ⣬ƤĲֳֺܵ㣬Ŀڸвһһֵĺóԡ
ۣûйͷĸţ׽Ѿϰƺ˴ҶʳĿȻһ鼦ⶼпˣÿһĴС˸ܵһڵҸС
弦ţ࣬Լζϣûκε⡣
ΨһģϰҲ̵ĳߴ硣
ϰ壬ҵĲǲӦûߴˣ
ֺѧУʳһģһĲ̣װٲ˰
ôóԵ弦ţóԷǳܰĶˣôһ㣬ȫ԰
ϰĲǳ弦ŵĵƷ
ҿԼǮģ
û弦ţȻźǷܹҪԵġ
ȳףȳֱӹĻȳгСһ𳴣ȳζûʲôĵطϾ⳦ĿڸлζͲһˡ
ǳĶ֭һЩζЩ˵ʱ򣬿ܻһЩඹ¹ԭҰԼ̫ϲඹͻȳ䣬ѾˣӸඹʲô£
͸һԶ˸һ
¹ԭҰԼʳõʱ򣬳ˣҪඹ֮ٳԣඹ鷳˵ඹ꣬˻Ҳֻʣһˣû취ֵ¹ԭҰԼףȻͲô鷳ˣֱʼʱ򣬾ֱӰඹȥˡ
ûඹĸţֱҨŻȳԣֱҪ̫㰡
ǵ̣򵥣ζһ㶼еĲȫڼǰĸ˾С
ÿ˶һͶСһˮ󵰣㹽һС빽
ʱǵ˲Ⱥ¹ԭҰûԼԱ߷˸׺ͣѧԼżӡ
ĵѧڵѧкܶϲİ
뵽ڵļڣůӣԭôˣ˳ԵȺӣҲҪһ㡣
ȵ죬Ͳһˡ
ǱȽеļûˡ
Сʱ򣬾;СɰͶʳĳԲ˶ӣȻɫС˴ڣССһббؿڲ棬ɰ𳿶е᲻óˡ
ͺźûдֻܰôɰСȦ
Сʶ֪ձֵģһֻڻŵʳƷпӰӾ˳Թʵȴֵġ
ûʼԣѾʼڴˡ
֪СװЩʲô
һţһÿӼ˸е㲻֪졣
ĹҵСӦôʲôطԣ
𳿿һӸĶǱ߿ʼɵؾͰѸҧˣݴ˺Ͷͬڸебҧʱ򣬴Ӹ֭
֭رʣҲͶĴҲͻأھͰС
СԱߣǰװ۵ˮ󵰣Ȼἦˮ󵰷оͺܹѵ
𳿲ǺڴÿӴˮҧһڣֱӰԵ
ǳѵˮ󵰣һ㶼ѵ
Ȼˮ󵰣ȴܹԵ֭ζ
¹ԭҰʱȰѼ󵽰죬Ȼ֮󣬷ڸȫ죬һʱ򣬸ζȻȻؾͻ뵰ס
ˮ󵰿ѵǳһ㶼ѵ
ʵĵƣ֮ܵ󣬳ȫҭˣеŨڸС
һˮ󵰣ȫþݡ
ǲϲȫˮ󵰵ˣҲʱıԼȫˮ󵰵֪ˡ
𳿾С¹СԷʱ仹̫ˣС¹Сķˣûһȷ֪
ͨͨˮ󵰣Ҳܱϰ
ض˵ٷǹ̵һٷ
һη𳿰ԼԵóоʳѾѵɤ۶ˣҪƴغһ
ζʵ̵弦ļȹǰģȻ˵߲ˣͳ˽ٷ
ּ
¹ԭҰԵģʵҲ࣬΢һССĸĶ
弦ţ˵㺺ƹɳѽһݼȺˡ
̵Ļ¹ԭҰû̫ĸĶ˷ȻһЩּ˵
ûӴ׺¹ԭҰԭζġ
ŷʱ򣬼Сɽˡ
Сɽ񻨻֮󣬾ͱٴ׶԰档
˵֮Сɽ񻨻ȥѧѧУ¼ȡʱ򣬼Ȼûȥ
ǻûлϸѧڵĻ֪ܸܲϽȡ
Լһ£ѻͽ׶԰ȵ·Сѧѧٰ֮ѻͽСѧ
ԴûоܾԴܲסջ֮󣬾ѾԼҪѧδ
ϵ׶԰Сѧ
ѧûʲôˡ
ǻһ׶԰ոճԷ֮ǰӵ׶԰ʦĵ绰˵ǻϳԷ
ԼҺӵĻǾͶ˵ȺӶˣϾͳˡ
Ǳ˼ҵĺӣҳҪ֪׶԰ѺӶһ٣ǻˣ
ʱʦϾͺͼҳ绰ͨˡ
ֻܷԼķȥ׶԰ѻӻ˳һ»ʲô
ǶѾͬȥ׶԰ˣΪʲôԷ
ڼ⣬ʾ׶԰ķ̫ˣȫȲ⼸ڼԵġ
Ȼֻ˼ķǻѾܹжϼﷹˮƽ׶԰ˮƽĸߵˣ
Ϊ˳Եģ踺شӦѧġ
飿
Ȼǲܵģ
ǻ;ʳˡ
ԼȫûбҪ׶԰Է
׶԰ڼҺţÿѧ֮ؼҳԷȻȥ׶԰ѧ
ͼ˵Լ֮󣬾ͿſˣҲ˲ϺͼȡԺĸˣֱӽ˳ڲߣ۰Ͱ͵ؿ¹ԭҰ
Ƕˣ
˵¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰݸһȺϽӹȥҧһڣ߸ߵĺǻһҧȫģˬڵ߲ˣкóԵ弦ţ
ֽϣУֱ̫óˣ
СҸ
Ļֵʱ¹ԭҰȻҪʸԭ
ʵǼ󣬻شȻҲӦ
ǻΪˣҪл˵Ȼʹô죿
𿴻СǻܻῴɫͿ˵õ˭
¹壡
ֻҪ¹ӦˣǾûˣ
Ϊ˳õĸʱǰĸСȺǱ߿Լˮ˵˻
׶԰ķ̫ѳˣܻܲؼҳԷȥ׶԰


157 
¹ǰ׶԰ʱ, ¹ԭҰѧУԵģȻ׶԰ȷʵûжԶҪ¹ؼҳҲǿԵġ
¹ԭҰΪ͵һ, ¹׶԰ˡ
ڻڼԷСҪ, ¹ԭҰڷԼС, ໨һ࣬ٻһ١
ûÿ첻Ҫ
¹ԭҰν, ǾͿôģϾǻ˳ļ໤ˡ
Ҳûʲôν, Ȼڼ, Ǿڼ, ʱٶ¹ԭҰһʻʳѡ
Ҷûʲô, ǻڼԷôˡ
֪Լõ˴Ӧǽһְ
Ҫб, Ҫֵñغڰˡ
׶԰Ե˿, ٿĻʳ, ôһ弦ȱ, ׶԰ܱȰ
źóԵ弦ȱԼľ̫ȷˣ
رڿҲһС鼦Եʱ򣬻ֻҪһ뵽ҶܳԵôóԵĶ, Լȴֻ׶԰˿桭
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
޵ģԻ޵ģ
ֻֽһ, ѾԼıڿʼÿ춼ԸŴһԺõģȺõģ
Ա˵Ļ, Լĳŵ극֮Լ׶԰ģûͱקס졣
ʱʲô׶԰Ȼûʲôʵս飬Ǽ֪ʶǷǳġ
׶԰극֮һ㶼˯˯֮ŻϿΡ
ûȥ׶԰˯ڼﵣĻ᲻Ϊ˯ɵ¶ڣֱڼˡ
΢Ϻ׶԰ʦ˵һ֮Ȼ͸ϻȥ¥˯ȥˡ
Ȼ˯֮󣬼ͻȥ׶԰ʱ˳ʦͨһ¹ڻͻݵ顣
ϻ˷䣬ȫ˯Լ˺ڰܣ˳¥ĵȥ¥͸ͬ˯ˡ
¹ԭҰѾϵķˣҲڶ¥Ѿʼ˯ԼСˡ
ǴӦĹУ¹ԭҰҲÿԼһС˯
ȵӦԼһ˯ˣʱͿ԰ᵽԼСȥˡ
ϾĸҲҪԼҹġ
ϣֺ֪һС˯Ϊʲô㣬Ȼؽ˯ĵطһʵ
˯ǰ˯֮ܿ
˯з顭
˯رãܵΧӰ죬仰˵ΧʲôҲ֪
ǽǰе㲻̫һûԱ˯ţû˺˯е˯ŵϣԼӴˡ
ϵĴǺܵ͵һ֣ûСȶôߣҲĵӣϾֱӴӴˤټлı¹ԭҰͲˡ
ϵķ棬¹ԭҰҲû뵽ⲻĸͷȻ֪Сȥţ
һţͺʹ¥Ļˡ
ȷϹǲ˯ˡ
һأ
Ҳ𨣬Ҳа
൱ܴջϣżŻ֣Ϻܲмһ˵ģǰ͵ը£
һ֣ƨƨ߾͹ȥˡ
Բعϵķ䣬һƨڵϣŵسϽУʲôأ
һһܣﶼ˵ŸԵԣһ㶼Է˼ϰ̯ڵϵͼק˹ѰڵϵĴָ˹
ϵ̫ܰöĴָ٣ĴָٵʱиһõҲܴ
Ĵָܹ࣬¹ԭҰܿˣ֮ĴָپͳϵӤߡ
ϴ󷽵뻨Ĵָ٣ͼ顣
ƷǹɻϣǸСèصӣ˵ʲôĴָͼ飬Ҳû
Ȼе͵ը㣬ϼȻԸЩߣǻҲǲԭġ
ʼеСŤǺܿģϾ浽һȥˣ˾ͱһ˯
ȵʱ䣬һȥѧʱͻȻֻûڷ˯
¥¥һ飬Ͼϵķҵһ˯Сѡ
һ磬ող˯ţ˯ûãҪ𴲣˵ǻˣҲϴӦ
ץźڰܻ˺ü£ûܰѻѣû취ֻܺʦ΢ţȸ١
Сһ˯˯硣
¹׶Ѿѧٻˣǲ˯ѣһ˯ѾͳԷ극ϵ˯ʱˣǾȻ˯š
¹ԭҰǶѾϺͻ˯žڵ׼ˡ
û˯ʱ㣬ѾʼǷˣȻϿڴǷҲŴǷ
¹ԭҰʹʲôжСѾô˯ˣ¹ԭҰ͵͵ϰᵽȥ϶ûκεķӦ
ʵҲ֣ǰʲôʱ˯ʲôʱ˯ڣҪȥ׶԰ѧһ͵𴲣ǵһ죬ûӦء
¹ǣΪڶҪѧؾϴϣ˯¹ԭҰҲϴ˯ġ
ѧǻ¹ԭҰͷһ찾ҹʮ㣬ڶ컹ȥϿΣھͲˡ
ߵ𴲣Ҫʮ˯ڶܱ֤Լľ
˶ʱ䣬𨵱ʱеԳҪǴĻ¹ԭҰܸһһļϣڵ̫ˣ¹ԭҰ˯ޱ滹üӸ㡣
·ʲôģ붼Ҫ롣
ʱ򣬰¹Ϳɵóˡ
¹ԭҰڶ˯ͷǲŵ㱻ӳѵģȻ˯ǣѹ֮¹ԭҰ״̬Ǻܲġ
Ȼûһ¥Ҳˡ
¹׵Ҫ⣬¹Լ㻨Ǯģ˵ǴСǳԵġ
ǵģʱһ࣬¹ڲǸ㻨Ǯ֪Сˣ
ÿ춼㻨ǮȻе٣΢һļ𣬵Ϊƽʱûʲô¹ССһʡ
ھó͡
¹׵Ϊ¹ԭҰֵ֧ͦģõԼ㻨ǮҲԼĳܷΧ֮ڡ
ΪףбҪʱ¹һѡ
ǣгƽһǮһˮĥ⣬¹ԭҰһļ۸¹ף۵ǲ֡
¹ԭҰԻӹѡ
¹ܹҲֻм㻨Ǯ
ʮ壬߿嶼¹ԭҰļӹѡ
ûб¹ԭҰҪĵϰˣгټϹ߲飬ҲȻ֪
ƤҪըģȻҪըֻΪ⣬֧͹ое˷ѣ¹ԭҰɴŪ˵㼦ȣը޹ըԡ
ȻѾ׼޹ըˣ¹ԭҰ˳׼һŵʳ
ǺĿƤһ㶼Ƿ̻ǻ˳ԣȻҲ԰ųԡ
ˮ̳ϵζϰ˾ܳԣҲ԰Լϲã߲˻ǻ֮ġ
¹ԭҰû̫ڣһեˡ
رעǣͺĩźͲţȫζ¹ԭҰƼŵģֻͣûӡ
ǰԵʱԷţƤź棬ȫԷš
¹ԭҰ޹ըͰƤ֮¹Ҳѧˣ˵ҪСǳԴƤģʹǹ¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰ⴩ǩ棬Ȼһ棬¹׿ֱӶߡ
ǽ˳¹žеŲˡ
ְʲôóԵģ¹׶Ѿ˴ƤĴڣ۲ؿ¹мը
֪ܲ¹ԭҰը
¹׾֪ʶѡ
¹ԭҰǵζըըը֮»ع˸Ľǰý͵𽴡
ȥ¹ԭҰǰĵζըе㲻һȵع˽ϵըͺ͹ըͷӡ
մŵȻεķĩԼ֥飬ǳˡ


158 
ͨը¹ԭҰ֪ܲ¹֪ʣ
͵ΪС¹, ¹ԭҰҲһ֪ʴ
Ȼװû¹׵˼һʢػ㲻ҪҳԴƤ𣿲ȥĻƤŶ
¹ԭҰĻ, ¹ǸڴСϾ, е㲻õԤˡ
Ŷˡ¹ԭҰͻȻһС¹һ¹˵, С¹ӦҲ볢ըɣ
ǵûдʲô֪, ׵
¹׸ͷ¹ԭҰ˵緹֮ҪٳһƤ, Ӧûʲôװը˰, Բž̫˷ˣģְֻġ
¹׻ʲôû˵, ͱ¹ԭҰŵװףǷݺÿֺóԵը, Ȼûˣ
װܸɳ
ɲУ
¹׼ôУְ֣¹¹ԭҰĲը, Ͱ͵ؿ¹ԭҰ
ը, ҳԵ, ˷ѵġ
Ȼ֪¹ԭҰڶС¹ܲܳԵ£ܲ
СҲиȣǸȾͲˣΪ˱¹ıԼˣ¹ԭҰһС, װ˼ը¹׶ȥǰʳãСһųԡ
ϰ¹ԭҰŸոմ¹׬߿壬תͷһըһըҪʮ塣
һ㣬¹ײû׬߿塣
õը¹׳ĵģҲ¹ԭҰղŵĶΪˣְֳõġ
¹һе˲ҪǵԼһСˤˣʲôԲţ˸æ
Ϊ¹׹ϵõĽСڣõӵ
¹׺ͽСм䣬Ȼ֣˼ͳͻΧǼƣ͸С̫Ϸү·һ
ʵеˣΧ˶̲ס˹
һҾͿŵĶ
ĽС񵱳ͿƲסˣ
ΪʲôмӲͣ
ǿͳóԵը
Ͻ⣬ǶѾˣ
ССͳôĺ
Ӫ岻õŶԺ᳤ߵģ
ǶѾˣԾøǷֵɣ
С¹СһʱˣһҲ֪¹ˡ
ʵ˵ͺĽ
ǸĽСǡ
һƤ⣬һζըӣ˼ʰ
أҲСѧѡ
ʲôģһҪ
ⶫһöûУһһը
Χشţ¹Ǿ͸·һרĵسԼķҪȵԼķ֮ٳС¹С¹ְǳԵĴƤ޹ը
¹ǻû޹ը¹ԭҰѾˣķǼ򵥵İƤըû߲ˡ
¹ԭҰԼԷͻϲôǻش顣
Եÿľˡ
Ƥ֮󣬻ǻģÿӼ΢һ㣬Ƥܴӿϻȥ
ԵʱҪ÷Ƥעʱ򣬸ϽȻһӰȥ
ոõķƤе̣ڰĹУ¶½˸պڵ¶ȣ¹ԭҰֱһڽȥҲõԼᱻ̵ķƤĿڸУҲͨ治һ
׽ʱᷢ౹౵
ʱ򻹲㳹׵ذѷƤ飬ķƤԼºȥˡ
ֻǷƤĻſܻоڵԲ˶٣ͻоеˣե˵ĻҲụ́Բ˶١
ֵԶǺܺõʳڴյһ֮ײĻ𻨡
ե˺ͷƤһե˵ζƤкֻͣʣե˵Ĵ࣬ƤĵҲե˵Ŀڸиıˡ
ȫ෴Ŀڸнţôܻأ
ټӻĩļӳɣͨİƤһ㶼ͨ
¹ԭҰڰƤ֮󣬾ͼһըԣⱾû̫Ĺͷǳԣ¹ԭҰְѼĹͷȥ޹ը
оըˡ
ըֻʲô
˵ǼŰɣûôС˵Ǽ׻ɣ׻ûô˵Ǽɣûйͷ
ȥҲֻ޹ըǿˡ
ʲôҪҪζ
ըǸըһģһ㽴֭Ƿǳִ࣬ζܳԵȻεζ
ûйͷһ㣬ڳԵʱرˡ
ֻҪÿӼըУÿǵըܻڵļӲͷֻҪҧȥˣûκι˼ɵشˡ
żƤļⱻִ°ţ¹ԭҰҧͺ񱻶۸ĽŮһ
۶֭
óԣ
һڷƤ춼ǻ౵ķƤʹեˣʳȴǳʳĸоҧһ޹ըִº۵ļղܣһڷƤٳһ޹ը
ѭУʳ･θѻֱθʳװҲװΪֹ
̲ʽ
ʱ޹ըͰƤҲԹˡ
Ա˾ͣ죬ɲǳԻĻ硣
ֻҪ޹ըʣ¹ԭҰǳԱ˻ٳڣ
ոõ޹ըһóԵʱʱԵĻ˷ѵζʱֱ̣Ƕ޹ըһۣ
¹ԭҰۣ¹׷ǳͬʱǺ
۲ʲôģһϵûС
¹׸ո˷ûӷȻѴƤ޹ըԵˣƤ޹ըĳóԵģ
¹Ѿϧسˣɻһӳˡ
֮¹ŶӸһ¡
ӻûȫԱӦûٳը
¹׾ͽ˳װҪ޹ըڣ
ֻпӵ
¹ؿ¹ԭҰһըԵģ¹ԭҰţǿըô¹ԭҰ͡
ôһը
¹ڶԲ꣬ҪĿڲа
ôһըȻͱ¹ԭҰһڸԵˣ
¹׻һ˿ң¹ԭҰְ֣ը𣿡
ըǻеģΨһʣǿ飬ϵԷرϸʣ˳ʱﻹС顣
С飬ҲϳԵòˡ
¹׿ϵĿ̵ʱ򣬻Ҳˡ
¹ӣͿȥˣһը
ôҰʧӣ
Ͻϣ
ȻˣըʲôģԼǲģֻԣ¹׺ը
µ֮ǰ¹׺˹¹Ҫʲôζը˵ȫһݣ
Ȼڶͯһ飬֪ʶ㣬ձҲе㶫󲻰ϡ
漰ϵ飬ɥʧ˼
Ҫը
û⣡ȫϣ
¹ҪǼϵת¹ԭҰҲǼϵתǼ¹ף¹ԭҰ͵ùһˡ
¹ըûʲô⡣
ѾԹˣըĻԱ¹ֳԲ˶٣ʣµľ㼾ܽ˷ѣҲ¹õϰߡ
¹׾һ£ûдӦ󣬶ȥ¹ԭҰͰ𨣬ְܳը𣿡
¹ԭҰһ˳ԵǴҶԱˣԲըˡ
¹ԵģҲֻܳһ飬ûһԵĻ¹ǳԲһըġ
֮¹׾ܾ󣬡ллʦڳԱˣԲըˡ
ͼ֣ʵٳԵ㣬վһֱ֣ȥˡ
΢Ц㲻룬ֻǴѡ
¹뿪֮󣬼Ͷ˲סˣһɵļ˻˵ˣлһ㹷У¹ԭҰû˵Щʲô
ǣ¹׿ҵĺӣֱ¹ԭҰϸӺһɣ
ǲеϷˣ
¹ԭҰͼʧܸգԼʵֱ飬ŪĹ򣬻ȥѼȴһ£ʱС¹ըء
¹׻֪¹ԭҰѾըˣǱһοʲôʱ
ҪԼʵԼ׬һը


159 
¹Ƕ꼶², ߿ʮңȻڱƽ, ûκθо
ǽ𳿣, ĪͲһˡ
Ѿ˸߿ʱ, Ȼ߿, ǵʱÿ任, ȴϵظʩѹ
һֱԼһֹ۵Ů, ѹܲ, Ǿ, ҲʼÿĹθеƣˡ
ÿ춼ǿͷҵֻС¹СԷʱ򣬲΢һ
С¹СԷһѧУѧ, ѧУУȻǲͬ, УȴֻܹȴѧУ, 꼶
¹ԭҰһ۾Ϳ˸Ĳͬ
ͬǸ׶߹¹ԭҰʵҲܹǵ顣
ѹѹôڸڴжδ£òҧѹǰС
ǳԷʱ, ĴԿǲͣ˼ţĴһ, пǸղûдǰѧ⡣
ǵ̬꼶ѧһ
꼶ѧпĳ, ҲǸһּϲòĽУõĵط
Լ;޷Ԥġ
¹ԭҰȻﲻ̫æٻܰѷãǳԱ˷ȥѧѧϰж
ԼеĻ䣬¹ԭҰͻȻ̲˱ˡ
ʵ˵̲˱ȷʵ͸ûʲôȻϵ˭¹ԭҰǶʱ䣬Ե;̲˱أ
̲˱̯ϻı
аɽ״ģеȴ̶˿ıҲѹԲΣܲ˿Ǵڵı
ͻձе㲻̫һıǷͰ濾ǷڹӺܶըġ
¹ԭҰǵãԱ̲˱̯棬ϰһһشͰ澾һ鳬棬СѣȻһ̲ˣԲѹֱӷŵȥը
ըʳ󲿷ִֶĿڸУ̲˱ȴһ
ʹõţˮֱͨıҪҲŷǳճ֣Ϊ˲ճϣϰĨϴ͡
ըЧȴܺá
̲˱λǱģĳ̶ڲ̲˶©˳ǿ֢Ĵ£ϰƽһС°ˡ
ϡپһȥ޲
ֱӰѹ˵̲˱ȥը
ȵը֮ǿ˶ĵط̲Ҳᱻըִִ࣬࣬Ǵˮֵˬ࣬ը˵ָɴࡣ
̲˱ıԵλǺģը֮ȻȾһƵɫǳȴĵĸɴ࣬һ
ͺʹлһģ̲˱̲ĵطҲм䣬ΧһȦȫ棬û̲ˣܺ񣬲رóԡ
ǳԱֻܲм䲿ְ
¹ԭҰҪǸô˷ѵĻ¹ְ¹϶ѵ
ǲóԵĵط¹ԭҰҲӲ԰ֻ취úóˣճ̲˱̣óԵʱ
¹ԭҰһ㶼ϰæ̲˱ɳһʼһڣԼһڣʣ¶ܳԵ̲ˡ
Ȼһֱ֮Ϊ̲ˣʵϣ̲˱һ㶼̣̲˱̲Ҳ̵ģǿտڳҲ̡
̲ƺ¹ԭҰָһ㡣
˶ôУ¹ԭҰҲ͸Žˡ
缸ʱҲ¹ԭҰϸǰ̲˱˻кܶ࣬һ͵꣬Ȼ̲˱Ĵڡ
̲˱͵ϰԼģȻǲר̲˱ϰպá
͵̲˱ʼ˳ר̲˱̯ӻǵ棬¹ԭҰҲˡ
;Ե̲˱̶˿Ĳ˽ǣȻҲ򲻵ˡ
ò˵ͦźһ顣
ڳ̲˱˽ǿɾټˡ
ǻ¹ԭҰ͵̲꣬˱ģǲ˽ǵĻֻר̲˱̯ϲܹ򵽡
˽ǾǸӣ÷˿߲˻ĩһ𳴳ϣЩɲ˽ǣȻ󶪽ըը̳֮
ϲԴģըһϲһģը˾Ϳ̳ˡ
ڵĲ˽ǿźֻ֣ҪסĽӱߣͿԱܿǸ̵¶ȣ׼¿ˡ
һҧȥǲ˽ǾͶƤȻݣȺĲ˽ǣıжóԵġ
һ˽һô¹ԭҰÿβԹǾԲݵġ
¹ԭҰԣǲԼ
һƵѡ⡣
Ҫǲ˽ǣ¹ԭҰԣڶѾ˽ˣ¹ԭҰ̲סˣϣ¹ԭҰһ£
ö˵¹ԭҰʵʵȥݷ˿֪϶ûҵ
ԲֳɵģǾֻԼˡ
˽ǵĻ治̲˱ôҲ÷ֱ÷ˮͿˣ
ݺõķ˿Ҫһ£Ӿ²ĩһãЩˮȻټζʮЩζϡ
ȵ֮󣬾ͿԷֳСݣȻߦԲ¹ԭҰߦļǺܺãߦι״֮ܳΪԲ
ûϵйգֱҸһ׼Բͳˡ
ԲĴСûκεҪԴĲ˽ǣҸ룬һԲСĲ˽ǣǾҸС룬һСԲ
¹ԭҰô϶óԴġ
ʱ򣬼СûϿΣΧԱ߿֡
¹ԭҰûʲô˼رѹҪʵû취ֻԼ¹ԭҰϲųֳɵġ
¹׻ǿͲһˡ
Ǿ¹ԭҰڳȥȻͶ˳˺öóԵģģ
Ϊ˵¹ԭҰʾǵ뷨Ϊ¹ԭҰǰҲģ¹ڳһܶ˳ôóԵģ͸ħһ
Ȼˣⲻ¹ԭҰʹǡ
ϸŰæ¹ԭҰҪǲʹǾͲ¹ԭҰˡ
¹ԭҰһҡʱ˵ҪԼڼǺõģ֣ܹޣҲϴ鷳¹ԭҰΣͳײˡ
ͷǱ߶ѻң뵽Ͱóˡ
һܣܰѹɱȵƬƬѹ֮¹ԭҰ¹ѹԲ
СѵĶе¹ԭҰԱߵһǶûѹã¹ԭҰҲߡ
ѹʱϵǸС룬ѹ˼ȻӤС˽ǡ
Ȼ˽ǻû͹ǹĹĵĶӣǳɰġ
¹׺ͻͣϲֻڵĶ
¹ԭҰУʼòͬߴˣССͬԲƤһԼ
ȻˣĽȻǲôõġ
ССſ¹ԭҰĲ˽Աߡ
¹ԭҰߦļãӵļǺܲģÿһ˽Ƕװϡ
¹׺ͻ˿Լ棬ֿ˿¹ԭҰǸԲĹֺĴС˽ǡ
ʱǺܿģڿʱеڡ
ĺóŶ
ְָղ˵ˣԼԼԣԲ겻ܳġ
¹׾ͺܵġ
ĵǶģ˽Ȼ󣬵ζȴ
ոճĲ˽Ạ̊́˽ǵı߱Ϊܱͬʱ䣬߱ߵĿڸгִģǲ˽ǵĶӣΪˮֺĹϵġ
ԲĹĵĶ棬װźöϡ
˿;²˻ĩϣ磬¹ԭҰһġ
رθ
¹ɴûгԹûԹ¹ôûԹ
ǵȻ¹ԭҰǰû
û¹ȻͳԲ
֮ǰŴ˳ԴС˳С¹ףѾԼ˵ĻڳԼ֮¹һ¹ԭҰġ
¹ԭҰĲ˽ǣ¹׵ֻҪ
ôĲ˽ǣŵҲࡣ
¹׳Եͷ̧ˣǱ¹ԭҰŵһˣ¹׺һˮţ̣ܽųԡ
˫Ŀᣬ֪ڳԲ˽ǵģ֪˻ΪʲôأСС;˱ˡ
¹ԭҰҲΪ˻ԭеζŷŵ
Ҳû뵽ˣǲϷǰ˽ǡ


160 
ҡӦ˶Ϥһƪġ
¹ԭҰ㵽ڻǼǵ, ƪǸʱ꣬¹ԭҰһ¹׵ĿαϿƪ, Լıȫġ
¹׵ļǲģ¹ԭҰҲɺܶ, Ǽһϲּҳᱳ˺Ӷᱳ
¹׼걳ҵ, ¹ԭҰͻȻˮʼˡ
Ϸֲѣˮ¹ԭҰҲֻڿαˮͳУ϶ǿҵӰġ
Ҳ˵, ¹ԭҰô, ûгԹңͺܺ档
ܵϹ¹ԭҰĺġ
ҵļ, ¹ԭҰ˳˵Լâ
ѡˮ껹Ǻܲģˮĵʱ, ûгȱԼ
ˮȻͬһҵģǿȷʵֳݼĹģҵǸ棬һС÷ۡ
âǸ, ͵Σǵûд¹ԭҰâǴ֮ԣǴֱԡ
Щ̩uâ, ÿζԵһˬ¹ԭҰȻҲ̲סʼˡ
߾ʹûмˮպεĳԷ
¹ԭҰȴҿʼϴɾеʣµľֱܳˣ¹ԭҰȳһԭζġ
ô˵ء
ζܵˮֺܳ㣬¹ԭҰеζе㲻һ
оеʧ¹ԭҰһҺ÷۵Ĵ䡣
ζϾͲһˡ
÷պҵı棬ϾͱҵˮֽʪˣʱҧһڣϾܳԳ÷еζһ÷ӵĹζ
˵÷ۣ¹ԭҰ뵽ľ÷ţ÷ۺըţûʲôˮֵģԵҪһ÷۵ζŻڿǻһָ㡣
Һ÷۵ĴͲһˣҷ֭ˮ忪÷ۣһڳˮںһ÷֭
һĹ֭ӿ˺
ƽƽңϾͲһˣ¹ԭҰôϲҵζΪҾҪ˷ѵˣû뵽÷ۣζȻô㡣
ԡ
ȷһߣԿâպΡ
÷۵ľ䲻ͬâζ¹ԭҰˬҲǺ㡣
¹ԭҰΣٴ÷۳â䡣
һγԣû뵽¹ԭҰ磬¹ԭҰâƷӥâ
صǸС⡣
ȫ˵ӥâˮֲܶ࣬ҲǺ١
ɬӥâûʲôˮֿˣҲرᣬŵǺ࣬÷۵Ĵ䣬ģֺܴࡣ
¹ԭҰеˮֶ࣬ˮˡ
Ҳһͦʳ
ˮ֣оܶӣʵһ㶼࣬¹ԭҰǼ첻ͳˡ
ǼǱȽϰˮļͥˮʲôĶǰģϾû¹ԭҰԵˮ
ֻûгӣ¹ԭҰܳˡ
缸ʱ߻û¹ְ¹һʲôƷ֣¹ԭҰҲ˵
ֱҪƻ㽶һ浽֮ܳԡ
ûĻͻ顣
һ£¹ԭҰȲǸʱӸոϱƣ¹ԭҰѾʼˮˡ
Ҫڵ⣬ʵܼ򵥡
֮ԻڣΪ溬һֿԵʣʣͲĸо
ҪҲܼ򵥡
ص㣬ԡ
ѻӷˮݸ죬ڼҪˮܹڵ⡣
ӣڣ͸֮ƻһĴУڳԵͬʱҲܸܵӵζȡ
¹ԭҰϲӣÿԵʱ򣬶Ҫǰ쿪ʼӣͺļûʱ䣬̲ס͵ԡ
ĽȻǱ졣
˴ͷˣˮֱϴϴܳԣòŵȣҲõĻڡ
Ψһӵмʮ·ݣƻ㽶һļУ˼ھͳԲˡ
ͬǿģдբз
բзһҲʮ·ģ¹ԭҰ䳬еʱ򣬷ֳ澹Ȼբз
ȻֻǹзǴˮĴբзһ׳׵ӡ
Ҽ۸Ҳ
⻹Ҫˣֻʮһ
¹ԭҰ۸񣬻õԥ
Ȼ
һСľ˺ü٣¹ԭҰͺȻذһ˻˴բз
зĳԷ󲿷˵һʱ뵽Ŀ
¹ԭҰûѡѡ˺ա
ѴբзϴɾرǴբзǯϵëҪûϴɾë࣬ͺƻθڡ
¹ԭҰСʱͱôӹӵúü궼̫ҳԴբз
ȰѴբзˢϴɾֱ֮Ӷ԰пͣнŽȥȻѴբз泯£ըȵ汻ס֮ټĵζϣ͸յһ
Ĵբзζȫһһ㶼ȣóԣ
Ȼ¹ԭҰ򵽵ľֻйзǹзһɫĸ࣬ǿĳζһҲ
բзǶ԰пģ¹ԭҰһСÿ˶һֻբз
һֻֻֻֻǲܴճһֻ¹ԭҰû취֤ˡ
ԷѧҲ
ϾܳԵբзѾҸˣ
𳿺Ҳ˺ܾˣҲ֪ϰʱʱظƻʳǴբзû뵽
һɺյġ
բзһ㲻
ϰɺղᡭ
е㱩
ȻĳԷڽ𳿺ǳԵմբз֮ǰ
ȳԵˣǾͲôˡ
˵ʲôﰡ
óԲˣ
բзʺܺãȻǼڣǴբзɺ֣Ҳܶ࣬Ҫǳûʲôζ
բзеζڳԵʱȫԲʵʣպʵĽ֭óԵ˶÷ˡ
ͻȻ뵽ϵƵuǳԵзŵʱ򣬾һȻһקһзôduangһ³ˡ
ȻĲֳзǽͻȻԿˡ
ڳ֮ǰҲûɹĿԣϾբз͵зͲͰǡ
ɹˡ
΢еǰзŵΪͷûֳзļû취ĿǼ⻹š
ǰͷβҧϣֻһͷͨзţȻ׼һڣһ
зֱӱˣ
ֻûһ˿зǡ
ô˵ء
ͻȻҵ˳зȤ
һֻзֻǯӣֻţҵ˰취ɵؾͰѽŸԵˡ
ǯӣرǴǯǰδëһڣʵ˵ëһս
ҧɣе㲻̫ҰëǲҧɣֳԲǯ⡣
ȥǳռϷ硣
𳿱۾ǯӸҧˡ
ҧǯӵļͦģôĿǣȻֻҧ˿ǣûҧ⣬ҿǵѺ
պôѿסһߣһƣܿǯһʵз⡣
ÿ˳зһܹǯŪȻˣмһƬͷ΢е鷳ǻ谭˽𳿳зĲ
բзǯӻзȫˣʣµľֻзˡ
зззθЩܳԵĵطȫȥˡ
ڷֱܳԣﲻܳԣسĺ˵ټ򵥲ˡ
Ա߾Ǻÿ춼洬зʲôģǲϵļҳ˰
зҪԵľз֮࣬ǰ˵İɫģǸƲз࣬зҲлɫĶ
ǹзĸ٣ҲܳԣǳǿĻͲǿԼˡ
зз֮⣬ʣµľзˡ
зûǯô鷳˹ĵģֱһһذԣôģֱһҧȥֱӴž׽ĶзȻӿз
ͻֻʣһ㲻ܳԵзǣʱֱµˡ


161 
櫵ݾûн𳿵ô
ҧբзз, Ǵǯӡ
櫸ҧ
ϰûṩʲôзĹߣֿϧ櫾ʽ𳿳Բԡ
ôܻ᲻Ҫأ
ȻԵһʱ, 𳿶ڴբзǯϵëЩֲִǳëҧ˰ڳˡ
֮, 𳿾Ϳ˷Լϰ
ҪҪǯӵʱ, 𳿳ĵؾͽӹˡ
櫿Ž𳿾, ֱӰѴǯӸҧˣȻբзܺóԣǿҧǯӵ, 櫶ۡ
ŵϽڴ׷ѹѹ
˵, մբз֭, Ȼôբзģһ㶼ûдբзϵζ
ʵҪ
׷һԼֱˣ
ûԹνзƽ, ȴã֭ʹ˵ޱζзƽ, ӦҲ˶˰ɣ
մբз, բзĿȫǽ֭ζ, ֭ȫբзĿǸ棬ѩ׵з⣬û̫ܵĸš
Ҳ˵, ҪƷբззⱾζ, ҧ, ֱӳˡ
բзȣζзһϵûС
зʵֺóԾˣ
ҪԺζ, Ҳܼ򵥣ֱӰѴբзҧз¶Ȼ֭һʵ֭˳ҧķ϶͸ȥ
зĲ֣зⱻǷֿ˿˿Ƶз⣬Ϊɫ֭ݹˣ϶жɫĽ֭зڵ·˳
ҧסբзһڣ֭ζ˲ӿǻζ֪
ųз⣬󲿷ֵ֭ղһڴߣǻٲֵζͣзϣзûбյ֭ζڸǣռϷĸоá
˵˰ɣǵһһڶϣ
зĳԷзǾ͸򵥲ˡ
ͷҧ֭˳űҧĿӹ˽ȥ͵һܣ֭Ŵբззһӳ͡
բзжҪзһɫǣڸղҧзȵʱ򣬾˳зȵ°벿ֱ˳ȥ
Ҳ˵һз⣬ֻ⣬ûǵġ
ķ伢ʵĿǻ֮⣬һûκεȱ㣡
Ȼ֪ⲻ̫ܣ櫻̲סϰķһµۻззȡ
ǸĽȱˣ
櫿ϵuǣһھͳԵзȣзȾһڡ
ǸһĻţ̲סùǺ
ǵзļ۸櫾ûȥҲ֪ܹ󣬹ԼȥԣͲܣС¹Сôѧأ
櫾յζĺĵзȳ޵дģ
Ҳ֪߿֮ܲ㻨ǮȥһֻзȻϰæһ¡
ȻںߣľãʵļôзģǼƬٷһЩУ˾С
յֳԷ櫵һγԡ
Լİ˺մբзĳԷ
ʱ䣬˶ڳԷ¹Ҳ⣬ûջؼ¹ֱӺһ̳ԡ
ȻѾʼůˣʲôģɻǺܺóԵġ
̻û¹ץʱˢȦˢ΢ԳԹϿϷȻ̵ˣҪ·Ƶһ߿Ƶһ߳Էˡ
Ȧû̫ĸ£Ͼ¹Ȧģ󲿷ֶϰѾˣﻹ鷢Ȧ
㷢ȦҲԼĹ
ν˽жɧ˾ͬµǰҪֳ׿ɿ˵ľˡ
¹ˢһ£ֻˢ¹ԭҰȦ
ȫ¹ԭҰȦˣ
緹̣
ˬ̣
ɱ¹ԭҰļҳ˺óԶˣ
ȻͿ¹ԭҰͼƬĺմբзʵֻͼƬеĴբз̫ˣ
еԶѡ
¹񱻴բзߵĻͻȻ뵽һ⣬¹ԭҰȦͼƬһ£ǸѧԵġ
ѧǳԴբзʳ¹Ҳ̲סˡ
Ҳˡ
¹Ϸ˸¹ԭҰբзģоܲ
¹ԭҰ˳ͰѳеŻϢתˡ
¹ԭҰĴբзеŻһ㶼죬Ĵբз¹ԭҰòˣʣµĲȱ첲ȣǲôԾͷҲ
ÿ춼¹ȥĻӦ򵽡
һдĴբз۸ʱ¹۾Ųˣ۸Ĵբз
ھȥ
ٹʮӾ͵ˣϳϢʮӣҪϰ࣬¹߲߲
ô˵Ĵբз¹ܾҪǲϽȥĻ϶ˣ
Ϊһڴբз¹񡭡
̰ˡ
̰ĻȫûˣһᱻǮ
Ǯȥֻբз
¹񵱳͸¹ԭҰתٿ顣
¹ԭҰ붼֪¹ʲô˼
϶ȣ
·ӳϾû
Ȼں֮¹ַһ¹ԭҰ򼸽բзͣ¹ԭҰҴһ٣
ûҲû£ΪբзŻݣ¹ԭҰ¹Żһ١
⵱Ȼ
С
æԣǴһٲС
բз֮¹ԭҰǾͳһ٣Ȼֳһ١
ʵ¹ԭҰ뻻ζˡ
¹ǼһǼ٣֮ġ
Ųأ
¹ͺܰԹˣڼҲģյҲok˺ˣ־Ͳһˡ
Ǻ⣬¹ζ¹ԭҰζͲһ
¹¹ԭҰıȽϺóԡ
¹ԭҰϰæ¹Ҳû취¹ԭҰӦæ˲ǣ
Ȼմբз˵һբзǾζ
¹Ųأ
Ȼô˵¹Կֱ¹ԭҰҪ˺մբзբзʮһ
ٿǮʮˡ
ôբзǻ¹ԺճԺ
һ
˵ʮĴբз
¹Ͻ¹ԭҰһ£̫բз
բзȻóԣǳԶˣܣԲű䶳ˮʧζͽ˲١
俴Żݣһһѣ¹ǳʵıȽϺá
¹ԭҰ˸ձ飬ȻǮٸ¹
ǼһСģʮǮĴբз͹ǳһٵˡ
բзܷŸһ죬¹ǽԸʮٳԸʮһá
˶ˣ¹ԭҰ˰¹֮⣬¹ְ¹͹ȥ
¹ְ¹ֲ֪ҳдբзŻݴƽʱгĴբзҲ࣬߸Ǻз
¹ԭҰҲǳԣǳʡ
֮¹ԭҰС¿ȥˡ
˵ģȻ˳¹ԭҰǾС¯ˣֽ¹ԭҰС¿һͽ˳С
Ԥϵֽһբз
¹ԭҰһҲ˶١
¹ԭҰŸأ͵˼ֻ弸ֻҲû¹һ٣ְ¹ְ¹һ١
еĴԱ¹ԭҰǵ¹ԭҰǺüٵĴբзüǼƣôԱ̲ס¹ԭҰǸ״բзԲˡ
ǵöѡ
բз֮¹ԭҰڵʱ仹磬ȥѴբз¹ְ¹͹ȥ
ȻբзȽǿһûʲô⣬¹ԭҰĩؼңբз϶ǻġ
¹ԭҰķ˼죬բзᱻˡ
¹ҲբзѴբз͹ȥȳԡ
ûĩ¹ԭҰͻˣԿУ¹Լܽȥ
¹ŵĶΪ¹ְֻˣһԭ¹ԭҰﻹһӴբз
¹䣬Ѵբз£¹ԭҰʹȥˣ¹豾¹ԭҰȻ¹ְȥȥˡ
¹ԭҰСϲ¹¹ԭҰȵȣ¹ְָ˲ѻ֮¹ԭҰѻȥġ
¹ְҲ֪Ŷã¹ԭҰȣ¹˵һˡ
֮ھӰ̺¹죬жĽˡ
ҺعԶһ굽ͷҲͻһΣʲôģûӰӵ顣
ǼһŮʮ˻飬ɰھӰ̸ˡ
ǼôôԶĵطҲտ
¹裬ӱҵ֮󶼻ؼˣڵʱضͲ˵ˣÿڶܿǻ
ȻÿÿûŮô࣬ھӰ̾ǮҲûʲôõģԸŮûô࣬ҲŮĵطҽЩ
¹ھӰ̵߶˵ġ
ȻˣھӰһн˵¹ˡ
ھӰ˵Ůͷнʮңÿƽһ򲻵
Ǯ
¹ö࣬¹ϿɣǱ¹ԭҰö࡭
ǿɲô˵ġ


162 
¹費ϲͱĸ, ϾôҲھӣӵøһЩ
Ů׬Ǯ࣬ܳؼҿ
ھӰ̺¹ֻһ, ¹ְִˣ¹ûٺھӰȥˡ
ڵʱ䣬ǲʱ䣬һƬ, Ŷϲˡ
¹ͺԲѣ¹ְҪȥժ¹ְֻʱ˳·ժѻ
Ϊֻ˳Է¹ְһȽϽڼԸ˳ȥҲֻժ˰ӻ
Ӻܶ, Ƕǻ, ҶҶ֮Ŀ϶ӿźܶ, ʵ, Ҳֻ̡ܳ
һһ̣ó١
¹迴˿, ʵڲ, ԼԻǿ, ¹ԭҰ¹һ̵Ļ, ǾԶԶ
, ʹϼŴ³ˡ
紺ѵľۣˮִ󣬾㲻ü, ͽֶժòָףֱָסȻһקק
ַֻһһժЧ̫ͣ¹֮ԴϼҪΪЧʿǡ
¹ԭҰ¹񰮳Բѣ¹ģûܹ¹¹ԭҰ¹ܳԶٷ
ּ򵥳һҰˣ¹ԭҰ¹ܽһ̡
Ҫժˣԡ
ҪժԵǸ¹ܲˡ
˼İ¹ܿժĲѡ
ѣ¹¹ԭҰһһ¹Ȼ¹ְָ͹ȥ˳ԼĲ˸Ҳ¹ԭҰһ㡣
˸¹Լɹģζͦ¹ԭҰͦϲģ¹һ㣬¹Ҳ
¹ֻʰ¹ԭҰǷݣ¹ͲøˣöҲԡ
¹ԭҰϲ¹Լ˸ɵģյ¹ְ͹ĲѺͲ˸֮ϾϾԡ
ʣûˣ¹ԭҰҪʣȽϺá
ûʣ׷Ҳܽ͡
¹ԭҰͻȻֿСĺôʲôˣ
ÿ춼ܶ׷õҪõʱûá
ǰ¹ԭҰûСǻ¹ԭҰҲ춼Դ׷ʱͻȻ׷ΪʳȥͲ֮ؾᡣ
ʱžţͷԼļƻ
͵ʳ¹ԭҰҲûж
ϼﶼУ¹ԭҰھֻҪѲ˸ȥˮĶ͵Ҫʱ׼ɡ
¹ǵöһڿٿΣԷѧʱͺѧһˡ
¹ѧдҵֱӾܳԷˡ
ķƽʱĲ̫һ¹׽ʳһԴҪĴ
¹ԭҰò˸ɺ׷ǵʳˡ
¹׺ͽСͳԹִˣǳϲģ¹ԭҰ̫ʱϾͷ˰׻Ĵ׷ѡ
ֻͳĽз֣
㽭ʡһͳ㣬㽭ʡͬЩͬ
¹ԭҰٺѧͬѧٺһλؼһ֮󣬸ļѴ
ǰ¹ԭҰȻܽʳʳĳԷ˽ǣԲģڷ˿
ɴû׷Ҳܵڡ
ڴѧͬѧ֮߳¹ԭҰһԾϲˡ
̫˼ôѧͬѧ¹ԭҰͰͬѧȥһȻԼˡ
ʵҲܼ򵥣Ȼ˺ܶ׷Ⲣľֻ׷
׷֮⣬ҪһЩ⣬Ͳ˸ζ
ո˵ĿζʵܼһЩϺƤ֮ģҲ԰Ѳ˸ɻ̲ˣĳҲܲŶ
¹ԭҰĿζͲ˸ɡ
׷Ļ⣬ʣûʣĻøõ׷Ҳû⡣
׷⻹в˸ɣҪڹȳһ飬ζһֱã֮һΪ˵Ȼʱ֡
ƤֱСۺˮͳţѷ
ͰԼ˵ϲãС⡣
ΨһעһѡٵĻ֮Ƚϸ㣬ȻڸҲ;ͶĻ㡣
¹ԭҰͷȽϴ󣬾ԼҲֻܳžͲˣ¹׺ͽССѣķӦڰŵһ֮䡣
ϾʳʳĴ䣬бС
¹ԭҰ¹׳Ըķ֮СڳԸ֮һҲͲˡ
СѣΪ̫ûгԵˣȫԼķǿҪԼҪһš
¹ԭҰʾֻɡ
һ¹ԭҰܲܳ꣬οģһصĲأ
ǼʣǿԣʣҪԼ˷ѡ
ʵ¹ԭҰ˵СھѾˡ
Ӿ棬Ǿ˵Բ˶
СھôģԲ꣬ؼҼԡ
ʼֵʱ򣬾ģǰũɻϲȥͻȵϢʱܽ緹
Ȼճʱζõģ֮ζ½¼֮󣬾ֿԱغóԵˡ
Ϊ˷ԣ¹ԭҰһгĵȷֵΣȻֱԾˡ
¹׺ͽСڵڳԷ֮ǰϴ˵ģʱͲرȥϴһΡ
¹ԭҰкõ¹׺ͽСҲû룬ֱˡ
ȻǾˣʲôճá
ò˵¹׺ͽС治ʶıֵܰ
Ĭȣֱ¹׺ϻҪá
̵ֵʶӦСѶ߶һ£͸һ¹ԭҰ̲סЦ
Ȼ¹ԭҰԼģ¹ԭҰԼҲ£Ҫ¹׺ͽСȰˮˣ¹ԭҰ˵Ҫһ²ŷӦ
ȻСˣǶ¹׺ͽС˵ǲ̫ԡ
ôһƬСӵȽв̫¹ԭҰǵȷ֮ٳԣ¹׺ͽСǻ⡣
ΪС͵ʲô֪
ճʱóˣ
ΪܳԵζ¹׺ͽСڸԼĽ취¹İ취ǣÿӼȻָ
Ȼ̣Ǳ߱ߵĵطܹסġ
¹ԼģҲǲο¹ԭҰĳԱ
ڽСڣԼһ취вǾͲ£СҪôΪԼ
ķǣӣŲ̵ı߱ߣÿӰԵ
Ȼ̬е㲻ôÿǽСǸʵ̣Եˡ
ԼԷıʣҲߣ׸磬ѾˣǰʲôҲûС
ֱ̡
ְ֣Էϵķ̲סߴˡ
¹ԭҰǺԼҲϵġ
ò˵г˸Сķ飬Ϊ¶ȸؽΪ˷Լԡ
ǿȥ̫ÿп˵Ƥֿˣ׷⻹в˸ɶ¶ˡ
ϳԷȽǿ¹ԭҰŪһСȻͲˣȥԼķ
ԲԲɫǰɫģֲŲĽߣžͺܺóԡ
ĿڸǴһԵģûôͣһЩС۵ζͻ͵ζԼ˸ɵζЭ֮󣬾ͳζ
ǺܺĵطҲΪһȽϴĩ
׷ϣһ˺ܵ׷ʵУ˸оڳԷôʹشˣ
䷹Ȼ׷ϵģǱе׷һһƽмġ
˸ɺĴڣָ׷رķζ
ֻûгԹ䷹ˣŻᡣ
ֻҪһڣ䷹Ȼ׷ΪڣǴĸо
䷹ֱӳԾͺܺóˣ¹ԭҰ¹͹Ĳͳһ̳Ųѳ䷹
óԼӱ
ҲϲĳԷ
ΪСˣ¹ԭҰһͳԲˣɰس֮󣬻ܰ¹ԭҰʣǰ
ⷹƽʱȫһ
¹ԭҰ̲סɣƽʱгԱ


163 
Է, ¹ԭҰе㵣ûԱʰ𨣬ԱҪҪٸʲô
ʵûʲôԱԱĸԶҲ
֮Գô, ҪΪǰһ, ûżķ, еˣٲ̲סһ㡣
¹ԭҰʣǰ, ʹס˵, ¹ԭҰȻҪԵģǡ
ȻǴӦˡ
Цеص˵ͷǾ鷳ˡ
Ȼ¹ԭҰģҪʲôԵģ¹ԭҰûʲô뷨
Աߵ¹׺ͽС, һ¹ԭҰ˵ҪԵģ䷹Ҳ, Сֳ˵ְҲҪԣ
˾Ҳ룡
û˵ʲôǾҪԣСװô𣿡¹ԭҰǡ
һС, ϰ, رػش¹ԭҰװ£
¹ԭҰһ, ˣҲǸҪԵˡ
ʲôأ
¹ԭҰԱ˷, Խתˣ˳϶ŵļ̲ͷлÿ궼С
ʲôڼգҲ绰
¹ԭҰǵȥʱ͹±, Ȼ̫óԣҲ͹ߣ͹ϴ裬͵̲ͷ
¹ԭҰԼ̫̲ͷöûˣܷܲŰɡ
̲ͷĳԷҲ򵥣ƤƬ峴һ̾ܳˣζͰܲһƣʵǲͬһֲ¹ԭҰǰСʱ򣬻ΪһƷֵİܲ
峴̲ͷˣ¹ԭҰڶϲϡ
ܹ̲ܵ˵ĳԷҲǷԲ̲ˣ̲ˣܹ࣬ԲڸУֱ̲Ƚ϶صζҲ¹ԭҰܹܵĳ̶ȡ
ڰԲĻ
ʱȫ̫鷳ˣ¹ԭҰ붯֡
ȵȣһˡ
򵥣¹ԭҰҲܽܵĳԷ
䷹һٺɫʳ
տζΪ֣һһ̣ͼӸָˮɣﰴԼϲĿζͿˣʲôˮɶš
̵ģҲ࣬ӵ⣬ӵ㺣ʣٷŵ߲ˣ¹ԭҰԹǼ̲ͷһ߲ˡ
̲ͷ峴ζôãǷ桭
¹ԭҰҪޣ
¹ԭҰŸճԱеʵҪĻҲһûг˰ɡ
ˣ
Ȼ¹ԭҰҲҪһС룡
ҪԵкܶ࣬Ϊ֮ǰԹ䷹ˣѾлˣ¹ԭҰû̫
򵥣̲г泴ĩǾԾԲٵģкʣϼûʲôˣ¹ԭҰ룬ӱ˵
Ҳ¹Լġ
һըŵǴΣζĳ
УĲԵģ¹ԭҰһˣ̲סԡ
ֻˣ¹ԭҰое㵥룬¹ԭҰȥժһ۲ˣ۲߲ˣ¹ԭҰҲرϲ
ϲ۲ˣ۵ģۣ¹ԭҰС󣬾ûԹڡ
¹ڼ۳Ϻʣ¹ԭҰҲֻϺʣԲۡ
۲ˣͲô۵ˣ۵۲˼ӵ棬ûпڸС
۲ˣ¹ԭҰŪ˵ϺףϺ¹ԭҰгģƷʺܲϺףɫҲϲˡ
¹ԭҰ뵽ĲϣϾֻˣ𿴲٣ζһ㶼
еĲϷŵȳ죬˳õζȻһ뷬۵ˮۣĲ費˵Ҳ
ֱŲӷˣֻҪеĲ϶ۺ棬ˡ
ΪԲ¹ԭҰѾ飬ֱ˸С룬òӲһ磬Ȼduangһ˦
ճԾͺǿմ룬ҲմףҪ˦ġ
ԼҨһ¹ԭҰҲ˲ˣһƨڵϣſӲһڡ
ճ̣¶ȶ棬ܲ¹ԭҰļ͵һߴһߴӱ沦һͿӴ
⿴ı棬һǳԵʱȴĿڸУ̲ˣ۲ˣĩɲͬĿڸУϺ棬ҪʣĿڸбȽϱ
¹ԭҰһڣϾȥŪһ˫ν˫ף¹ԭҰԼϹȡ֣Ǽ˻ۣͻаǵĴס
ֱСҨһ㣬ı棬Ϊճ˫׸ܺںһʱҪ¹ԭҰԼֶ衣
˫׺һ𣬵¹ԭҰ֮󣬻¶Ҳ˿ڵı׼ʱһڳԵһһ飬΢΢΢΢ᡣ
Լ̲˺۲˵࣬ĩ㣬Լɵʡ
¹ԭҰôôأ
ȻܵôóԵĴף
¹׿¹ԭҰԵȫװֿסıʣԼĲȥҨȥˡ
˳ְͽСҨһףȻԼĺϵġ
С¹ԭҰԣĿżˣû¹ô󣬿ָֻ¹ԭҰͰ𨡣
ҲҺð𨿿ףҪȻ¹ԭҰӻ治һ˵ϡ
ϵСһСӣȻֱӷϵǰȻẠ̊́ûιϵĴ㡣
ѧԼιԼˡ
Լ֣ʳúܿ֡
¹ԭҰԼҨһ˫ףҲѧװ˫׵С룬ֿɼĵطѧ¹ԭҰӣСҨһ㣬Լ档
ԾѾ̣СҨһ㣬֪һ¸оһ¶ȣڷ¶ȲܳԵµʱϺؿʼ
֮󣬲һڳԵ
ϵһγ˫׵ȵ۾
ζ𺳰
Ϊϵ̱¹ԭҰһ˫˳ı˵ݴҲ˵Ҩһӣʵûմ̫˫ף˫ֻڱ滮ѡ
ʵմ̫ζ¹ԭҰ˵ԶԶǶͷһγ˫׵˵
ϵһγζһһ׳ԵÿģǺܿģǸ𺳵ζ䵭ˡ
ʵ¹ԭҰȻһ˫ףˣҲһ㣬ʣµЩ¹ԭҰû衣
ǰľôһ¹ԭҰĵһС˫ס
Ȼ𺳵ζΪʲôر䵭ˣǼܲס֪취
ζ䵭Ǿ½һ׺
СȥҨ˫ףરવؾͰһСȫˣΪճĹϵȻѾŬسԸɾˣɹŲٵ
ֻôһô
ϾԼԿ˵뺰𨣬裡ҳˡ֪ųԵİְǲԼģ迿ס
¹ԭҰѾԳˣӲȥһСǳ׶ˡ
Ϊ˷ֹѹθ¹ԭҰھǿαƤϺӷ¹ԭҰÿС룬ϵע
û꣬ͳԵ𣿡
ԲԵ˵ģжģ
ֱö¹ԭҰʾԵ£
Ȼóԣ䷹Ҳó԰
ôƽСǲΪ䷹ģ
ϴ¹ԭҰѧ˫׵ĳԷ֮󣬻ܻǵؿʼ˴£СҨ˫׽䷹ϡ
ԷԼ뵽ġ
¹ԭҰġ
гС䷹һھܳԵһ飬˫׵䷹óԵ϶۾ˣ
жˡ
¹׺ͽСڿҲ볢һˣǡ
¹ԭҰ˫ױͲ࣬ο䷹أ
ְ֣ûˣܰŪһ𣿡¹¹ԭҰ
СҲԱڴؿ¹ԭҰ
СµȻûˣ
ǶӳԵ̫ˣ¹ԭҰеվС£¹Ϳˡ
¹׺ͽССȣװŻ۵ƿӣ͵Ĺӣȫõ¹ԭҰԱ¹ԭҰֻҪ־Ϳˡ


164 
㿴¹ԭҰ, һľͶŵ㻨һ, Ͷһ
ҲǾԲٵġ
¹ԭҰ¹׺ͽСǹޣϾָȥãͲ¹°ˡ
ӸսС¹СʼŵǸ˵ζˣͺ㣬ǽ¹η壡
Ϊʹ
ҪСƶԺմբз
С, ԺûУԺ˸ؼҰɣ¹һ˵ţһ߽˳, һ۾ͿڵƤ¹ԭҰ
ԼһΧԱߵ, ¹׺ͽСڡ
Ǹʲôء¹е
Է¹ԭҰ˵, ĴբзǱߵͰ棬, ҰѴӽ⿪ˣ, ҪԼá
¹Ų, ⿪Ӿͽ⿪, Ѳ¹ԭҰ͵԰
˵, ¹ԭҰԾͳ£ʲôϵ
Ĵբз¹е㿴ԵĶ, ϰһкõ䷹Ⱥġ
¹Ҳˮͷϴϴ, ֱӴһţҧ˳һڣķ֮һһھͱҧȥһˡ
һڳԵ¹񻰶˵ˣֻܳ¹ԭҰƴĴָʾԼĸܡ
Сڿ֣һ㶼öСӸ¹裬պóԣպպ
Ļûȥ¹żһڣòװȥˣ¹ҪͽС˵С㷹ûûǴؼҳԡ
¹ϰʱ򶼷΢źͽ˵ˣؼңҪԺմբз
ɲȼˡ
СԵÿأ߰
ʾ֭취ôأ
С벻취أ
ö˺¹˫ˡ
ˣ¹ûһİ࣬ǶʱԸղſ䷹ʱ򣬲̲סҧôһڡ
䷹žͺ㣬¹ŶӳԵʱ򣬸оˡ
һڣ¹ſʼԽСڵİûҧĵطպһ˫ףζˬ¹̲סһ
ҪҪϻؼմբз¹һҪŭ䷹ſߣ
¹ôӣ¹ԭҰͿȥˣʲôôżͲܵȵСڳ극֮ߣ
СԱƴͷͲֱ˵ˣ
˾˵öԣ
ڼˣոջڴߣʲôʱؼմբз¹һ߳һ߻ش¹ԭҰ
С仰һˣ
մբз
Ǹմբз
СҲˣΪ¹˶ҧǯӣǰ¹ԭҰæСҿġ
һǺմբзһ䷹
Сڿ϶ѡմբз
ѡ˺մբзֲ䷹ûóˣղŲǻ˵˴
䷹ؼҳԣСڿͬʱԵϲʳ
Ǹմբзĺܺó
СǸ跹ͳһ롣
͸˵ˣԭζԭζԺζԺζ
ʾ˾ҪһСףܳԵ׿ζģ
ôһ룬Сھˡ
һؿ裬Сȥǣ¹֣裬ڻؼҰɣðְֵȼˡ
һ£Ұȡ¹ھͰʣµͣ¹ԭҰ˸УȻѽСڻûĲװ˷С
װװţ̲סһ顣
ɶ
Ҳ̫ó˰ɣ
Сÿ춼ܳԵҲ̫Ҹ˰ɣ
¹Ϊ裬ҲƲסԼʼʵСˣ
¹Ǳأ¹ԭҰ˵ϵҪĻҲ߰ɣȥһ¡
¹ԭҰЩǽǳԲˡ
Ȼ˵ڿתһܳԣԼԣ¹ԭҰûǷָ¹н򳢳
ⶫٺغܳϴҶԼأûʲôˣ˵ˣһ϶֪䷹
ôãҾͲˣ¹װ䷹ִ˽СڵʣˣҪ¹ԭҰѣ˽Ǵբзˡ
ĶתСã¹ƿѹˮͰ裬Ȼ󡭡
ͰĴբзͳǰ
˵ģ¹Ȼ֪ʮ˿ǮһĴբззܱˣǶڱ˵٣ûһ
ûмǴĻȷȷʵʵֻ¹ԭҰһٿǮɣ
һٿǮôĴբз
һҸԲ갡
ˣǱȥûеĻ߷һ룬ʵ̫ˡ
⻰õŵȵ¹˵
¹ԭҰ͹ȥˣ¹͵Ļ¹ԭҰҲ⣬о¹͵Ļ
ᱻ¹ְ¹˵İɡ
Ͼ¹ԭҰʮǮ¹ʮʮǮôӣʮǮĴբз¹¹ԭҰ˼塣
ôբз¹˶Բο¹ְ¹أ
ȻբзܱˣôբзԲҲһ˷ѣ¹ְ¹϶˵¹ġ
ڻ᲻˵¹ԭҰأ
ǿ϶ǲˡ
˭¹ԭҰ͵أ
ô㡣
¹¹ԭҰĻҲĬˣֻܷƻͿ⼸ܳԶٴբзͳԶ١
Ĵբз
ּԣÿһ㣬ܿͳˡ
ǼҿһСأ
ûģ
ˣһˣ¹ָһբзţûһֽˣݻˡ
ݻˣͬȥ̫δز⼸㳢¹˵꣬ݻˣȻͼҴҵ뿪ˡ
Ǹһ̲ס΢濪ʼˡ
ݻ˵Ļ¹ԭҰһμڽ㣬ݻ˵ĲزгҲټֲˡ
¹ԭҰտ治֪ôء
ݻ˵İװ棬дݻ˵¹ԭҰ㵽ʱͰպ
Ϊʲôڣ
ȻΪȫԱˣ׳Բˡ
һڼȵö켱ˣûȵǶĸӻһȻСǱ߲ԲȵĴڡ
Ȼôеƾ轪Ƕĸӵ˽⣬ܵĸʷǳ
ڽҪóԿȥСǱ߿ʱǰ¹ĳȵˡ
С˲£˳ȡ
˵ӻװԵؿŵӾ磬¹СĸĶһ㶼ĵӡ
Ȼ΢ЩϢѾ¶¹Ѿˣ
ŴС¹ϾͿʼʹˣϹæϴһ´բз
͵أ
ϲصرQӶǹأ͸¹ƨɺ˳һоôˢϴբзˡ
ò˵ϴբзһ⡣
ʵĴǯӣžв㡣
¹ɡ
Լͳֻڰٶϲ˴բзϴ취
ٶϵİ취֣ܶϸϸȥԾѾ˴բзϴ취¹ƵһߣԼˢӣ׼ˣ
Сվڿ¹ͽĺ
İûΣ
Ķأ´բзвסǲǣÿվԶ㣡
СԴһĶûͣ£û
Ѿ̲סҪԷô죿
Ѿ˵ĵӣСڱŷɳϣңӻ̨Ƶһ߿ŶƬһ߳Դ䷹ʣˡ
Ȼһ߿Ƭһ߳ԷоҲܲ䷹û˫׵Ĵ䣬оеСϧ
¹ڳĥĥ˺óʱ䣬ȵڿʼմբзʱ򣬽СڶѾԼʣ˳ˣ̲סһá
Ȼ¹ȥѧ٣ܴŽСдҵǽСڵϰѾˣ¹ûддԼһʳǱߣҲܰҵдꡣ
ǰдҵĽܹĵؿŶƬŰְմբзԡ
¹ͽĺմբзζҲ㲻¹ԭҰĺմբз׼¹ܴʮ֡
ζҲǲˣǽСڻֻһֻϧ³ˡ
һ㶼Բˡ


165 
¹͵Ǹݻ, ¹ԭҰڶͰˡ
װ¼˺ܶҲɸ, Ҳ, ¹ԭҰѡ
Ƚϼ, ҲȽϷ, ΢һ֮Ϳ̳Ȼϴн⣬ʹ֮ĵζһˡ
ݻһֱȽ߲, ʳõĲλѿ֣ϸϸݻѿһȦ͸ĽʰţûгԹ, ӣͻ, Ӧġ
ֻڹĿڸС
ʵݻ˳ģĺܿθ
ڸлζǺܹܶܵġ
ݻ˱ŵǲ㽺ʣ̹ˮ֮ûˡ
¹ԭҰͲһ, ϵıע, һжʮ, Ȼڰٷ֮ʮҲ˵붼ˮ, ݻֻһС֡
¹ԭҰôҲ
̻ûԹݻֶ, е㲻֡
ǳԹֶԴ󷽷˿ӣһͽ, ϵ͸һֻ໴СһͳԲݻһ죬Ͼͱյýġ
ΪʳܺõĹϵӤʣ͸׽Ķһһĵġ
ԼҲһȻȲأζƫһЩڵζʵ𵽵װá
ϸ΢ȾҲẦ¡
϶ˣˣСĵؼһݻ˱֮ص̵Ŀϣͽ
Ȼǵһγݻˣ֮ǰе㲻Ҷ֣ڳݻ˵ζ֮Ҳúܲ
ǰԵرθ
¹ԭҰԵģǲпθȫǷСʳ
̶ѾԹˣȻ˼ԣھͷ˿ӣʣ¹ԭҰͰϼڳԡ
ϻͦϲζģһڳˣŴ͵Űٸιһڡ
ڳ˼֮󣬿ൽʱˣʹȥ׶԰ӻ׶԰ѧʱСѧࡣ
û֮¹׺ͽСǾ½½ؽˡ
¹׾ϰԵ˲ͷ֮һۣһͿڲǰ治֪ʲô
¹׶ӾͽȥˣԼܷܲһڣеˣôݻˣܾס˳Զã
¹׽ľһֻʣĩ֭ˡ
빽һģһ
ں¹ûϣ֪ʳõĲˣܷҲᱻְָĳɲİ汾
ѾˣڲǰԵľǽ빽
¹ԭҰ¹׶ӽֳȥĻ֪ʲôѽ
ΪǼ˱¹͵ԣ
Ȼǰйôλ¹ץ¹ԭҰģξԲǣ
¹ݻˣҲųһʣİ¹ԭҰʹȵС¹ѧ֮ٸ°һġ
С¹һˣ˵£ǳԲһô࣬ϽСڻȺС飬ÿ˼мڣһʵҲˡ
ݻּֿ򵥣¹ԭҰ°һݻ˵ʱС¹ǵһ뷹ûг꣬ҲŸձӻ
һͺȥǱ˸̣¹һųԷˡ
ڱȽϲ¹׺棬ϾӱϣͽСڻ¹ǵͲ࣬ǴӱϿϺͻһײˡ
ҪȻһЩ
˭û׶԰أ
׶԰˼죬ѾԼ׶԰ݣź֪ˡ
ǴСѣǲС඼ûжСˣģ
ʲôûͻȻԼʶûõС飬ڱ˵ʱ򣬲Լˡ
һԼۣܿ׿ףôˡ
˵׶԰ǲܺС඼ûжģǱɺڰ׹ûϵˡ
ڰ׹ϵĺû顣
ڻۣνСգ˻Ǻڰ׹ǲǻ
˾ͺá
νģǻȴֵûν
ŲصһȦӳſ·û͵һ۳С󲿷ֱסˣֻ¶һֻŻɫСѼͼӵСš
ֻš
ùµ
⼸ûдϣһѹɣ
׶԰ǲܺС඼ûжСġ
ҲΥֻ˯ʱ͵͵ԭȥˡ
ߺֻùµСţػ˻Ρ
¹ԭҰϵС鿾ͷҧ棬Ŀͷ棬ˢһСɵĽ֭϶̲סСѾ
˷ֱ빽ըСɴһ鿾ͷƬһĩ
빽õֵʱûм汾ģ¹ԭҰĵԱ׼Щϲͬѧѡ
빽ˣȽϳģտ̯Ͽը빽ֻ빽ֻǼҳԼĳ빽
빽ĳԷӦò
ķʵҲݻ˵࣬ͬˮظɣȻһĵζϰˡ
Ľ빽ˬ࣬빽˺С䣬ûоÿذѽ빽۵һ£ܹһڳԵ
Ϊ˸빽Ҫϸϸؾ׽¡
빽ҧ鷢ܲǺԣȴͨǴݣڳˡ
Եһ빽Ͼܹ׳Է֮ǰһҪڣθڳ״֮ȥ
֪ˣܾͻֱ䷹
ʵϣ빽ĿڸУر䷹
ʺϵԣ¾ơ
ͬƵвͬĲǰˣЩƵĲǰˣ빽Ӱ
ȵʲô
ըС俾ͷƬ
¹ԭҰõ㣬ȴһָôôС㣬ҶԣŶۣгҲûʲô򣬻ϾǮһȫߡ
¹迴С㣬ȻСɹȴܺóԡ
ĵǸ֮⣬ûκεС̣βܹͣɵذѹǡ
ǲг棬¹ԭҰȴûпСɵģ¹Сɣ¹ԭҰһǶڱԼԵġ
һ᲻ø˳ԣһ棬Ϳ¹ԭҰеĿ棬ҲСʮ졣
ǽСɣ¹ԭҰãһԼŴӹԸСɣ¹ԭҰֱӹȥԲˡ
ɾ¹ԭҰô࣬ǲҳԡ
¹ԭҰԼ˵Ϻɣ˵ɡ
¹Լġ
¹ʶһˣϺзҲǮһܹ£Ϊܱˣ¹᲻ò򣬵ԣֻ壬ԾɹϺˣɡ
¹ĲرɣֱӴӲг㣬㲻رټ¹ҪĶ࣬г㣬ǰģ¹ֱ
ȫؼɣǮһ֮ڱ洢棬ԳԺܾöû⡣
ɺСɿһը֣ϺɵĻ̫ը֣ը֮󵹾ƣͣףȻǿʼˡ
ȵ֮ϵһͷϻᱻըֱ֣ӸԸҧԵУò¹ͷ
СĻΪĹͷȫȫģ¹ԭҰߵը֣ҲгСɱը֣Сɻûֵġ
ԻҪ¹ͷǸͷ촽΢һܰӹͷô׵Ĵͷõ̿⡣
ɺСɣȻɣɵĿڸпǲһġ
ļСɵǲһģгСɣҲֵ̫ܷļ
СͲһˣǺܹģҲܶԳƵģǲͬĿڸУﲻ̫ݣͺóԡ
С͹ͷ֮ô׷룬ҲһΪĹϵ
ڰϺɣǲͬĸо
ϺпǵĴҶ֪ϺɵİϺͿǲٽγɵ϶֭صľѵص㣡


166 
Ϻɵͷûʲôͷ, ɹϺ֮󣬱¹üͷȫȥֻʣ˲ԲϺ
ը, Ȼյ, ðϺɵı棬һĽ֭, ׵Ϻ, Ⱦ˽ɫֻǱ, ʵ֭޿ײ룬˳Ϻǵķ϶, ׵ϺҲ޷ⱻ۵Ľ
Ϻɵĸͷ, ȥͷ, ʳǳԵһӿɵؼһڳԵ
, ǽ͵, Ͱǵ𣬻ҪɵʣɣǲöζģԼĺʵζ
һ׼ȫûбҪ
һζ׷󼦾ζʧʳıζ
˰Ϻɣ, СɣһըбĴ, ΪȥȣҲΪζ¹֮ǰǰﱬĽ⡣
ʱ䣬ɻҪɹͷܹըˣοг˱Ƭ⣬г˿Ľ
⵹ã˺ںڵĽ֭ſſزڽ䣬ɽ˿ȴòˡ
˿г˿Ǳֱֱһأ
ˮֱȫը˿ʧˮήҪǻϸϸһܹж˿ݣ˭Ҳϲǽ˿
Щ֪˽ͬѧǣһСȻҲܿɳԽ
Ȼ߲˽ģ´ʦ
װװװװʲôʲôҲװһװ
ʳһע⣬ͻᱻģƭȻһƵذѽ³Ȼ⵽ƭ
ը˿Ҳǲܳȥġ
ͬǾըȻ־յĽ˿Ѿ˺ܴȻܳԳǽǺըһը˿Ҳ̵ͬζԼһЩûеζ
ڸճԴʱ򣬻һ£Ͼ͸ζͿڸҲᣬ³е˷ѣԵˣǾȥɡ
е˳ԷϲһڲˣȻһ׷¹ԭҰȥյСɣһ㶼һڳԵҧһڣ£Ȼȥһ׷
к׷һ׽׷øӺóˡ
ҧһڵСɣʱȷ׷棬һҧѩ׵İ׷ɽӴմȾĽ֭
ɫ׷մˮн֭ȥ⡱ȴˡ
ÿӼһ硰⡱İ׷ͽ㣬ʤ㣬ô׻Ȼû㣬ǳ㻹Ҫóԣ
ըɵĽ֭Ƿֲģһ㣬ǾͣЩѧԺõĺȺõģ治ȱˮ˵Ƕˮ̫ˡ
Կ̫Ķʶеų⡣
С¹СôãҶٶеò跹ϰߡ
Ҳ˵ģ˭ʦͨġ
ըɺܺóԣûǲ͵Ļһܸ跹ǲͰ
еȥ
ҪˮɣѶ̫ߣǸ㲻
ǸոճԵһ׷̫ˣ
ô죿
Ҫݺĳһ£һ㣬óԵĻҲֻ˷һڵ׷ѡ
ʧʹڳɹܹ֮Ǹζԡ
ǾÿӼɣˢӣڽ֭£պһ֭֮׷ϹȦ൱⣬׷
ζ͸֮ǰԵǿһģһ
֭ǲˮܻ˵ӣҪıˮֻ˵һ㣬Ķλ̫Զˣ
Իʱ򣬻治ҲһƮŵˮ
պҲͰ
ЩͶܳԵˣըɵͳԲˣ
Сɿһֱˮ棬㻹ǳԵر㣿
Ի׷ôˣ
ѵΪըɣ͵
Ȼ˵ĺеըͣȷʵܱζɣ㣡
˼ʱ򣬾Ѿȥȴˡ
¹費ɣϺɣֻСɣȥȣͬĺʣȥȵİ취ҲǲһģҪգȻֱȥ¥ɹ̫
̫ɹȥˮ֣ͳνɡ
СҲǲġ
ڰϺĻϺɶҪģΪȥȣҲΪζҪһЩΣΪѾ˵ģԵȵɹ֮󣬿ֱùʳҲû⡣
ɺСɣҪһܳԡ
ǵһȥȲ裬ڶ¹ԭҰʱ򣬼ӵĽˡ
ʲôζͲڵġ
ըɵǸͣȻҲȣȣ׷һ֮׷ȻˣҶʵˣᱻԻǽʵڡ
Ҫòóԡ
ôܲóԣ
϶ûʣµĲ̣ըɶѾ꣬Ľ֭Ҳô׷˳Ըɾſԡ
ô˵أ
ǿۿ׷һһըɵ֭Ļ̲סɣǲѾ˺ܾûгԷˣ
ҪȻôӣ
ˣըˣһƬͷ
ͷǷǳ˵ģëǮһһгƬƬ
ͷûʲô¹ԭҰǰѿͷڹ򵥵ؿһ£ͷܼ򵥣Ҫľ͡
ͲܲӣҲ̫ࡣ
Ȳ̫ÿƣóֽûˣóֽͣȻڹײһ͸ոպá
ȻкõͷƬźãòѹѹתתͷƬѹ⣬࣬һ֡
ͷƬըɣȫǲɵ
ôʹˡ
ͷƬըɳԲ֪жóԣ
һͷƬһըɣͷƬȥըɵ֭ôԾôԣôԶóԡ
¹׵ĳԷǣһͷƬһÿӣͷƬۣϰϺɣȻôԡ
֮ѡϺɵԭΪȽ
ͻо̣Ƚʺ׷Ǽͷԣ̵ͻУȻóԻһġ
ʣµһĩΪ治̫װĩǷġ
ı泬⻬͸һۣ˿ĩǲڵģϿ
ı˼Ŵл׺ڵζĻڱһ׽͡
ſܻе嵭ǺըɴȴոպãըζɫŨþҪкһ¡
ϸۣҨ𣬴ڵ¶ȣͿԽյӱߣһڣֱӰѵȥȥ
ͬҹת˲ŵ̻һ
Ȼǻסǵߺζǽ˻ζ
ĩеȫѻڵײԵ󣬾ܹԵĩζˡ
ĩҲû̫ĻԵľⱾζʶȾĩõ㣬Ҫĵζ
ֻҪһ㽴;Ϳˡ
򵥵ζܹӳгⱾζ
ζһ֮󣬻״̬ȥӭĿγˣ
оѧϰ
Ƕڳиԣġ
׶԰Ļ׶԰ûϵ˵
Ա͸˯ˡ
һбϣ¹ԭҰŵķ䣬СϣһĹĵСƤСӡ
¹ԭҰϱ۾֮ߵġ
һأ۾ӴҪ´ߡ
Сڰ׹춼û棬ⲻӰϵ£һҲܹԹԵߡ
ƽʱ̫һĴ¹ԭҰߺ󲻾ãֱˣ˽
϶Ի̬ǺϤһĴֲ࣬һ
ҹ۲һ£ûˣȻһͱԲֶնյĺڰ֥ӣһɵֵϹ˹
һһܣôһ
ϤС鰡
кüûмҲеԺþòСֳ˲ͬѰ顣
ѵñôضԴеܳӹϵݹСľİĴָ١
Խھˡ
⼸첻Ӧòġ
ھεĻһ磬ֱ쵽ѧʱˣŴҴȥ
ǻ͵ĴèҲڣҪ˯ߣǣȻġ
û˯Ļ׶԰˯ˡ


167 
Ͽεʱ˯, ֻһεĻ׶԰ʦ̫ܲע
ǽ죬׶԰ʦֻܷһؿԱ, ܹó, ⼸춼ûݡ
ûݣȻûоϿΡ
а
׶԰ʦ绰
ؿ˸԰԰, Ҳûָ׬Ǯ, ҼҪȻڼ, еö쳤ëˡ
ȻԼϰ壬Ǽ͸ϰһ, ÿ찴ʱ°, ׶԰ʦ򼾸绰ʱ, ڸ԰ϰࡣ
ӵʦĵ绰ʦĽ飬׶԰Ȱ˯úĻؼ, ѹ֮, 
ʵ⼸첻˯͵͵ȥ飬żһΣҿܲᷢ֡
ǻ춼˾ҪװûҲѡ
ǲ֪Լôġ
Ҳֵͦģ׶԰Ͽεʱֲ࣬ؼ֮Ҳû̫ҵҪ, ʱǡ
ΪʲôҪݵʱ
ʱ˶ҪװǲʶԷ
˵Ůģ룬󿴻, Ҳǲˡ
ĺŶ
˵ǰûҵϵʱ򣬼ŵֵذһʺһġ
ϾǰҲǼһʺһ
˰תĸĸܴӦ顣
ӦͲӦȡ
ͥʦҲջ
óе̵࣬ȴ̵ܵĿ֡
Ϊ˰ɣԼ͡
һ֪ϵĴ
ҲֱӵڽܻʱΪäĿţû
㵱ƴˣƽҲ̫ı仯
Ͼʵѡˡ
Ȼ㣬˼ˣ̿󣬺ͰĹϵãסýʲôʱȥǣûûӡ
ֱСɽ񻨻ļ໤ˡ
еĻ
ǰﵥ͸Ӳˡ
ôһ룬ȻһĪٸС

׶԰Ͽεʱ̲ס˯ȥԼҲǲġ
ΪϿβ˯ôɡ
Ͽ˯̫ˣ
ӲӣĴ棬ô룬Ǻ߱Ƚɣ
׶԰˯Ҫǻʵⲻסˡ
Ųأ
ڼ˯˯ϣ˯˯ϣ˻ڼĹ棬жˡ
ЩȫûУҲܸɡ
ʵ׶԰ʦϵ󣬻ҲѾİ취ˣһܺСһˣֲڿ˯İ취
ѧèʲô취
Ӧÿ֪˰ɡ
ѹ˷컨壬ϾͲµԼӦǱӻؼˣһŤͷ֪ʲôء
еˣȥ¥ҷԣŸոնһ£ͱͷҲûתļˡ
ʦ绰˵춼Ͽ˯תת˻ǰ˵ɣʲôԭ򡣡
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪԼ˵
˵
һ£Ϊļ໤ˣӦԼˣȻԼ˵Ļ֪С඼ûϹ棬ӦǲЦġ
һ֮ͨ󣬻Ͱԭ߼ˡ
꣬Ĭˡ
ǰۣ¹ѾСѧˣǲҲܺСѧûϵ׶԰棿
Һ¹嶼ϹѧˣǲҲܴ棿Ҳǳԣ
˼ĻעƫˣΪʲôֻ˵¹壿
أ
ûϹѧ𣿡ʡ
󣺡
һ޷شĺأ
ⲻҪɫƽתƻ⣬۵ϵ⡣
Ͼϵѻע˻üĻеǡ
ͬѧİ
ͬѧģȻң¹壬ϺС¹أǲͬѧģһѡ⡣
ô򵥵ѡ⻹õ˼
϶ѡһ
ˣˡ
Ժ棬ʱԣʱ仹ݣҿɲٽӵʦĵ绰˵ڽ˯ˡ
˵ͷʾԼ֪ˣڻһ仰Ҫ˵ҿȥ¹ҪҶӶˡ
Լ̫ˡ
Ŷ˵̡
ĬһᣬܾԼĽʧˣˣȥɡ
һֵ¥ȥˡ
ʱ㣬¹ǻûѧ¹ԭҰѾʼˡ
һǼ裬е㲻̫һȻ⣬ǲȫ⣬⣬ۣ˿ϣĻڹġ
ĿڸвԭصĿڸУġ
˿ϺͶȣۣڸеҪԴ
裬дֿڸУľͺܼ򵥣ʱֱ͸죬õ裬ۡ
۵Ļȵͣˮ͸һˮ죬裬۵ġ
¹ԭҰѾЩϻɺһŲ£Ҫһſԡ
һ裬׳۵ġ
Ȼˣô裬ɲȫǽϸѧǳԵġ
ȻҪˣ¹ԭҰȻѡһԶһЩ֮󣬿Զڱ棬ȵҪԵʱóһ£ֻпˣֻʱŽȥǲѡ
¹ԭҰԭǴȰ״ģǼȻ˵Ӷˣ¹ԭҰȼһĸԣ˳ԼҲ顣
þû裬е
¹ԭҰԼϲ۵ģҲ۵ġ
һܿͳˣ¹ԭҰͺӲϿȫس֮Ϊ裬״Ͽ״衣
¹ԭҰС¹躰裬ҲŽУô꣬ѾĲˡ
ճ裬Ķ̵ġ
¹ԭҰ赹棬ֿʼ׼һһܳ߸Ÿ裬ȫ¹ԭҰôţССš
¹ԭҰӷŵϣԼȥ˿ӣС¹ԭҰС浹һĴףַһĻûڹˡ
¹ԭҰſŵζӹһˡ
˿ӣ׼ˡ
ۣΡΡعڻĿ棬Ӽе
ճǹ̵ģֱȥҧһڣܰƤ̳
ɴˣŲ飬ӶùУҲСĵذÿӴ飬ȴСˣÿӼ촽һ¸¶ȡ
ûôˣŷŽ档
۵ζе⣬ŴŴĸоеơ
¹ԭҰŵ⣬ûгĩڳԵʱҲܹԵĿڸС
˿ϺͶϾͳԲǵĿڸˡ
ڵʱ򣬾ֱ˵ģ˿ϣҲгСڻϼ֮󣬾ͳ۵ĿڸС
˾ãʵ㲻պףֱӵųԣͺܺóˣΪмӷ۵ĹϵȻһˣҲܹùʳ
ڲǰĻſӣһһһһһ̴߸裬Ȼһ˾ͳˡ
ʣһӣСĴףҲպԵˡ
Ϊôһ̵裬ɵӣͦŶӣʳõߵǱ߹ȥӣ֪ʵʵسŵˡ
˼ȦͿ屧Ÿ˯ѵˡ
˯ʱͻȥˣϿɲ͵ö˯һ˯
𨿴ʱ䣬ϴӴ⣬§ŰĲӣļϾ˯
óԵ趼ˣгС飬ŵߣͺΪѵر۾ſͣŰιȥ
Ȱιֱ֮۾Сһһĵؽš
ζˣϵСһţһ裬һ˯ʹؾ
۾
ѡóԵɣ
˯Ҳü


168 
ǽһ, ֮⣬һ峴, һ˵ĴϺ
˶û̫ʱ, ܿˡ
ϵһ֮¹ԭҰִӱͳһţ⡣
׼ȷ˵ţ⡣
ѾˮСʱѪˮȫݳˡ
¹ԭҰţ, ЩѾ׼, ǰţŽϻƽˮϷ, Сʱˡ
֮󣬻ҪڱؼСʱ, ý£ڸиһЩ
ĲˣˣֻҪһ, ȻͻƹϺܲ˸Щһ¾ˡ
ȵѧǷѧʱԼĲϺ, ǿУƮһɽţζ
ϺŽţζע֪ؾ͸ζˡ
ڳʲôǡ
Ҳ֪ϰڳʲôóԵġ
ѧǵ, ͺһëǱһòˡ
¹һС飬Ҳֹ, С¹ְڳʲôóԵġ
¹Ҳ֪ո·ſڵʱ¹ԭҰŸհְĴ̨ܵϣ¹׸Ϳʲô
ζϤ¹жϣ϶ǺóԵģ
֪ʲôҪֻҪְ֪óԵĲˣ
¹׵Ȼ극ȥʿְʲô
ܲڣǾٺòˣ
ʳõ¹Ƕе㿸סζڳԷĻϣ͸ӿסˡ
̾仰ϵдգֻСһ𣬰ǰգĴ۾¹ԭҰһ죬ֺǺǵЦְԡ
¹ԭҰҲأûãڲܳԡ
¹ԭҰĻʣʲôʱԳԣ
¹ԭҰʱ䣬СʱһҹȻ𴲵ʱŵأҲҪȵ硣
˯һȻ𴲣ѧͿԳˡ˵磬ûģ¹ԭҰͻܹ˵
źҪܾõӣԴ˼ûһԵóԵĽţİ취أ
˼ϣûǸԼι
ԼԼιˣҲ뵽취ˡ
ְֲ˵
˯һȻ𴲣ѧؼҾܳˣϿʼ˯ǲͿԿһԵóԵĽţ
һͻϱסڳԷİĴͻ;ϲ䣬ᣬûаѰɲСë
װ𨣬ֺһ˯ˡ
һ͵İεسһŲͽֽ˲סϵͣϵͻøɸɾ֮ŰùĲͽֽһţֶͰ
ճ극˯С𣿡
ܳ˯ڵķǳɹۡ
¹ԭҰڶⱧˡ
Ͱ͵ϱװֻ֮豧
ϲ˯ڰĻˣƤΪðӦűɾȥװ𨡣
εûܾʵʵϵֺãʵš
극ȥϵˢˣϴˣϴˣϴøɸɾ֮ȥ˯
ϾڰĻȰȣǵȵ극ˣԴȥϴˡ
ʨŴͣ¶ԼһСðˢˢɾõĶͯ࣬ÿˢʱˮζ̲סҪĭȥ
ȥˮϵ۾תһ£ոձͣһסϵգС
̣³Ȼȿˮڡ
ϱһµģشƨϣֻЭذĭ˳ˮڡ
ɾǼ򵥵ڣܱҳȤ
һˮϿʼ˸ˡСС;͸©ˮľһϵˮ
ؿڵ·ϸŪʪˡ
𨲻żȥ··ȻʪһΡ
ˢϴϴķ񣬾͸¹ԭҰСʱϴķһģһëˮʪȻɣһëֱӸϵϡ
Ȼȥꡣ
׵ģ֪ڸСϴⲻ֪ģΪˢëأ
ë¶һŴ±Ʊĺ˵ϵ̤̤ͷẹ̈еû׷ʲô
˳Ƹ˸⣬С档
͸ʲôһ˲׼סƮŵСѼ¥µ¹ԭҰԼԼСѼĲҽУԼģ³ĸ¸Ц
ˮùڿ֣ûܰϴγ
Լ˵Ҫ˯һҲԼ
ǿӲش޶ʱϻأ
㲻˯ˣ԰ְĽţˣϻش𲻵ĻʱܰϷŻȥ
ôһѣԼǵˡ
ˮţ⡣
ѡ
ϵðԼ·ʪյͷëô۾гһȵͷ֮󣬴ˣڣ첻̣ʱ䣬춼ˣ·ߵеȴ
ϵķֻʣһˡ
ڴһ̵֪СӣȻ۾׼˯
Ǹձ۾ûһӣһ۾
ѽ˯̫ˣڸ˯
˯ŵϿʼһͷһβƺڴϹˣԼ˴ҡҡڰڵƿ¹׵ķ䡣
¹׷ĵƻţдҵ
ߵע⵽ϵĵ¹׸Ͻ±ʣϣдҵ档
ҵҪʵ٣¹ͷд꣬ʵľûˣʣһЩĹʫıС
棡Ͽɲ¹ģ˯ž
˯Ű¹׿ίϣа취ˣһ¡
¹ţԼȥͷҵд꣬д֮ԼһԴȻȥ¹ԭҰķ䡣
ڵҵ飬Ѿһ淨
Ǽġ
ÿҵд֮¹Լһ飬֮ȥҳ飬ҳĻ¹ҵһ֣ȫԣǾͼһ֡
ǵûдӷƶ¹׼ҳɹˡ
ĺôҲԣΪ¹Ҽĺϰߡ
ƶȣ¹׷ǳӭ
Ϊһͬһֵҵ¹ѧУܹһ֣ؼܹ֮һ֣˫ؼӷ֣˫֡
¹ԭҰҵģһ¹׾ҵˣľǱеĲ֡
¹׾ͶϿʼ߶
ǰʱ򣬻ͦȤģ¹һֱظظܿ͸еζˣ¹һıзʽƤסµ
ȵ¹ױȫҵ֮Ѿ¹׵Ĵϣ˯úġ
¹ȥ¹ԭҰ˱ҵ֮󣬿ֵػط䣬Բϣ˱棬ȻԼҲһµ˽ȥ
ֺϾ͸һ͵ıһů**ġ
ֻҪϲ򴲣¹׺Ͼѵܰĺֵܡ
Ȼ
Ϊ˯ʱƽʱ̫һ˸ϴȥϲ˯֮ǰһƿ̣ԡ
˼Ҿ¹׵ķˡ
¹˯˯ţͻȻоʪˣΪйһ˲ʹ˹ƿһ
Ȼ
ΪʲôһԼ˻£ʪ˴滹˯ô㰡
¹һŵÿ¹ԭҰͰķţְ裡ˣ
Ȼӣ¹ԭҰΪˣʢҹҲḻģ¹ţ¹ԭҰҲֻȥš
ҹ˰¹ʰ䣬ʪıӴ·һߣϴ¹׽˯Ķ
¹ԭҰĴǺܴģɴͰϺ¹׸ط˯ˡ
˻µС򴲵ʱûѣ¹ԭҰӵʱˡ
һ۾¹ԭҰͿʼɵ֡
¹ѾþûͰְһ˯ˣѵһΣҲͦĵġ


169 
¹׿ĵ, ֺͰְһ˯һܹԵţɡ
ɵɣǷڱٶ, ֱӴƷҲԼ, Ȼڱ䶳棬ȵҪԵʱóȾͺˡ
Ψһ𣬾Լûôÿ, ֱİƷܶ, ؼ, ܹһѵ
ͨİ׼ɣ˿˿ƵǧоĺҶС
¹ԭҰﶳǸͨİ׼ɡ
Ϊӳڣڱ񶳵ðӲ, Ϊ±, ¹ԭҰŽ˿䡣
˵Ļ, һҲ͹ˣСһһ
¹ԭҰҪţɣʹе㲻̫һ, ɣһõĶ֭⣬ԭ⣬Ƿ֣Ƚ㡣
һ϶˵֭⣬һɾˡ
¹ԭҰ, еĲ⣬߲ˡ
˺гĩϲĿԷŵԷŵҶҶûˣ¹ԭҰҲصȥժֻ˺УԼһЩˡ
˺飬ζѽţŵ棬һ㽴ţǸ֭ʲôܱ֭ζõĵζأ
Ƚţã¹ԭҰӿ棬Ⱥõİ׼óѰõĽţп棬Ȼһݽţɾˡ
¹ԭҰȰСѵĲá
ǳĻǲģ¹ԭҰʵǰͼ
˶ܳܳٶٶҪ
Ҫ˲ɣҪģ¹ԭҰѼװڴȻ˵С°һ¡
ǵĸɡ
¹ԭҰؿζģƺоζе㲻ȥҨһ֭ϡ
֭һӾͱ׼ɸ˽ȥɫİ׼ɿžͺܺóԡ
Ҳ¹û¹ԭҰĶҪȻ¹׿϶Ҫѧ
¹ԭҰôã¹֪ŰְԣְָܰʲôͶˣҪһˣҲⲻ
Ϊ䶳ټȣ׼ûпܴ࣬ټϰţ⻨˶ʱ䣬ļ¹ԭҰȲ׼ɱ̲סóˣ͵ıƤ˽ţ֭ʪһЩɱԭĿڸУҲ㡣
һҧȥƤ֭кͽţһҧ
˺еĴڸкǿңΪ˵ĵͣ˺еζûôĴ̼ǳˬ򵥵˵ˬĺóԵĽţζ
ôζأ
ʳ̯ϣ±õĽţ⣬۸ܹ󣬵ǺܺóԣССһ磬ҪʮǮ
̯ԼҪķ̯üǮȻкãԸĻ̯԰á
轴ţҪõĲϣʵҲ˺Уд֮ġ
˴ǵۺϣ˺еζܱͬ᲻١
ʱѶ˺Уг˱ƬĽţһԣܹͬʱԵУнţ⣬ζˬĺóԵİ轴ţζ
ͬˬԣ¹ԭҰԵе㲻һ
һôǰ
һøɻƽζ
ǲͬĵ㣬ǳŶˬġ
¹ԭҰһЩСССļ⽷̵ģе¹ԭҰûаŪ죬ֱӷŵţ衣
ΪûиµļС⽷ζȫ档
¹ԭҰŽȥȦر࣬ÿһڣܹҧģܹͬʱᵽζˡ
Ͳġ
¹ԭҰԶҲ޷µԼһڣĻǲġ
ַ·ڱһĸоҲͦȤġ
һڣûҧȦ¹ԭҰҲʧΪԵ˲ɣڶڣûҧ
ǵڣ¹ԭҰһҧ
֮ǰûгԵȦȫڵڲˣ
Ȧв֪ѣһ汻¹ԭҰҧ飬ζȻ˲䱬
¹ԭҰе⧲ġ
¹ԭҰźˮذʳ飬ϸϸδζȵʳȫȥˣ¹ԭҰźһˮţ̡
һˮţȥⶼȼյ˲˲١
ôסɲ¹ԭҰķ¹ԭҰʤ׷һͰƴɸԵˣ
֮¹ԭҰһҧ˴߸ҵȦ߸һˡ
һС⽷ۻȣˮţ̣Ҳûа취⡣
˲Լᣬ¹ԭҰֻȥ
»ûгСѣؿ¹ԭҰıӰ
ְֶˣҪɸԹ⣬ܾɣԼĻҪóԡ
¹׵ͷԼһɣȻ󡭡
תͷ𨡣

ϵûرĶгԵľˡ
ܸҧһԳԿġ¹ʰ𨡣
룬ԼûгԵǸƿ˫һ£һѵȦŽ¹׵
棬Ҫɡ
¹ԳԿ⵱Ȼû⣬ҪҧһǾͲˡ
Ҳֻأ
Űֱû
մ󷽵İ鳤ȥĶˣ
ǰٵɶ׶ҧһڵˣ϶ǰ鳤
Ժ𣿳Ժȥѧٹһ£ѧڽȥСѧ
ԺͲýͻѧˣ
ȻҲǺ࣬͵ܹǺ¡
һûȥͻؼĻҳԺˡ
һʳ˵ô
Ȼ츳
ţȣǸˡֵ̰ӻġ
ͼ֮¹Ҳܿ뿪ˡ
Ͽ¹ױѧҲûʲôӦ
˯ǰˡ
ںóԵĽţ⡭
ղŲѾԵ
ΪСѿȨģ
ҳ˵ʱСѿԻԲ˵Ľ
С
ǵȻˡ
һֱǳСѣ϶û

Ĳ˶ǿֲˣ鷳İ轴ţֻʣİ裬˷ֱС͸ɹˡ
ԽĹ˺ܶࡣ
Եİţ⣬ʳ̯ţ⡣
˺֮⣬һ֥飬ȥΣ飬˴֮⣬һ͡
֮¹ԭҰԼһζоʲô˵ء
ζˡ
֮ѧǶû¹ԭҰմ׷һ·š
Լİ跹̦׷ȣȻһھܳԵĴСȻ¹ԭҰѰţţƬ档
ţƬеúܱܴƬڷϣ԰Ŷס
Ȼ˵˺Уһţ֭ţ˾ɣ
¹ԭҰϹĽţ˾ɫƯſɺóˣϿ¹ԭҰÿӰѽţ˾ʱͳñɽҪ
˵Ƿǳڴڽţ˾ˡ
ܿϧһڽţ˾¹ԭҰˡ
Ҳż¹ԭҰһڽţ˾֮󣬸оζͦģ滹ûȥͿʼĶͯˡ
¹׷ѧʱ򣬾ͿԼԷĵϣǰһ̽ţ˾һһԵú档
ҴһƳûѾ߹ͷ˵¹ףӲ˻ͷ·˳ԼӣǱ߹۲ϳԵ
ȭͷ߬Žţ˾¹׶ǰԴһһִֻץһµ˾˹ȥ
磡
Ϊ¹׵ӾеԶϵ첻ȥͻ֣ʾ¹Լ
¹׿ɸжˣܵܳõġ
ӾͰϷ˾סˡ
ţ˾ɲֱȽϼ򵥣¹߹۲һ¾ܹףοϻһƷǾ͸򵥲ˡ
¹׾ԼҲ
֮ǰ¹ҪȰϸԵ
ɫе׺ɫĽţƬϣţƬţļصʵʵģ׷
¹һھ̵ˡ
˾ǻе飬Ȼϡ
¹ײͣصͷǺܺó԰


170 
¹Ҳǰ׳ϵķŵ, ԼĲ͵ǰһС⣬һɹ, һţ⣬һ׷
ҪԳԿҵ𣿡¹׿ֻмͥ潴ţ˾, ϿܻԻˡ
ֵĬҲͺ¹ײµһѡһˡ
˸ճе, ¹ùϵСӣˣȻѲӵıŵϵ
¹ԭҰ¹׵ĶûѵܰĻʲôֹ, С¹ȥԷɣٲԵĻȻҪˡ
ŶھȥԷ, ¹ת˻, ְ, ϷǸ跹̦ܸܲҲһ㣿
Ҳ˾ԣ¹ԭҰʡ
¹׵˵ͷ
¹ԭҰͰѰ跹̦רŵĹ߸ˡ
, һ㶼Ϊ˷²űģŵĹߣĲ¹ԭҰ˵Լָӷһ㡣
ֹһԿţÿʱҪ׷ڸ棬Ȼϸ, ֱҡ£žˡ
õķŴС¹ԭҰһһִСûԹ϶Ҳûġ
͹¹ԭҰһˣóԸʮŰɡ
һô㣬ʮţ͵øߴΡ
¹ԭҰǼһһСء
Ҫߣһ˳Եģ֪Ҫʲôʱȥ
̫˷ʱ䣬¹ԭҰͰųѻˣҲȫǻ
֮Ը¹Ϊʹùָ߱Ӹɾһ㣬ԱֱӽӴʳ
¹ԭҰ£¹óȥԣ¹ǰС϶Ҫѧʱ֣·ȫŪġ
һȽϣ鷳һĹߣҲʲôˡ
¹ԭҰ˳㻹¹һ裬Ǹǰ跹ʲôģܶٵķ棬ܹɵذ迪Ҳһ׷
װ跹̦ĴӣŵСߣټ¹ԭҰǸ衣
ﻹһ̷˵¹һò
ȰѲ̷棬Ȼڶܽʱ򣬰Ѱ跹̦С߷ڴ棬һԶ˳ȥ
¹ԭҰûиȥæĴ㡣
¹׶꼶ˣ鲻ʲô
֣Σ˼нСĸˣԼķڲϵ¹أǱ¹׵֮󣬴һʼԷġ
¹ڳ浢ʱе㳤е̲סȿˡ
¹״ӳ²ֽȥΪе֣С鼸е棬۾ųſڣ¹һ
˽Сڣ֣Σ˼裬ûʲô
Сڵ֪Ҳǰ跹Ĵӣ㲻¹ΪʲôҪó
ѵС¹Ҫ跹ԣ
СʳԼ⡣
¹׹ȲشҲϣֱ˵СڵȻ֪ˡ
¹ǸҲͽСǼܱƵֻʣ¿ɰˡ
С鼸еˣ˲ϳˣͿ¹׶֡
¹ȰԼķ棬ȻѰ跹̦ĹӴ򿪣İ跹̦
¹׵̦ĶǴ¹ԭҰѧģֱֻסӣȻ׼˴裬ʼ
跹̦ĳɷֳ˵ζ֮⣬ʵ֥ͣ顣
Ϊ¹׶Ķİ跹̦ڹ淢OO@@
¹׾̲סҪˣ
꺣̦֮¹̲סÿӼһС纣̦
ְİ跹̦Ȼܺóԣ
ڲǳ԰跹̦ʱ¹óӣʼĽ衣
СѾó˽ۣС¹ҪŶԲԣ
ҿҼҵİšָŵĹߣѷ棬Ȼϸӣҡ¾ͻɷˡ
ó𣿡˼ʡ
óԵģҪĲǷţһǿôˡ¹һ˵һӰѷŵ˹档
˳˷š
¹װȫ׷˷֮󣬶ڲ棬һŵСɽһ
׷Ͱ跹̦ĽܽϣԲӿžСϲ
ǽСĶˣҲĶˡ
¹׵ıݵڻûнţ˾һ
¹ÿӰţƬѷŰסȻ˺ʹл飬¹Ľţ˾ɣ
¹װڲϽǵǸ˿̣Žţ˾ﵽ߹ʱ̡
˵Ŀⶼϡ
С¹Ҳҿ𣿡СڷĽ
¹ԭҰͽˣСҲĻСҲһ
ҪȻֻ¹һĻ¹ԭҰֱӾڳŪˣﻹõôĹ߰
ԼŪɣܰʳŪȻ´ξͲˡ¹׼Ǻ˷ѵġ
֣Σ˼нСڻӦˡ
¹ŵʱģһͿ¹һ裬ķΧˡ
ϰ벿ûţǴӷ֮ʼġ
¹˵ԼʱȥǱ쵽ԼķȻŷ˶档
¹òŴˣôǽСڣģ˳ֱ֣κ˼
ΪñȽĹϵֻһˡ
СӵĶټ¹׵ĻܰѷŪСĽģ͸ˡ
СԼʱûʲôоǺȵͬѧżˡ
¹һһţ˾֣˼λлĽˡ
ǽСڵĶ̫
Ƕû취Է
¹ԭҰڳ濴С飬⣬ҲĪ
ķŹߣ¹ԭҰҲôһΪõò̫˳֣¹ԭҰڳѻҡ
ø¹֮ǰ¹ԭҰúõϴ顣
ҪȻûá
¹ԭҰûǼôŵģķŶˣǸڱԡ
ѿ£Ȼ˸ɾӣ˼ˮ
ϾôȻش͹ɵ˷ˮܳԷʳıС¹СʱҪ
ʹһЩҲСʱÿ쿴ţȫԷԼһ
ڣ극֮¹ԭҰͰӳԷĵץȻŵԺ棬ԼԺ棬ò¹ԭҰġ
¹ԭҰ˿ٹ죬͵Ͷˡ
ͶڻǺƽʱһ죬һ죬ͶڣصķżٰǴһϢ죬Ȼĩ²һ졣
ļڰ
¹ԭҰѾ̲סƻ⼸İˡ
¹ԭҰļƻУӦɽˮޱȡ
ʵϡ
ôһ¡
浽һû֮ǰôˬҲʼˡ
С٣һ϶һɾʱʹأ
εˡ
뿴΢һľɣ˱Ⱦࡣ
ټ¹ԭҰҲһ£浽һ¹ԭҰڼﲻˡ
¹иɾ
ѵС٣Ŵȫ˳ȥ档
ɹ˵¹ְ¹裬¹ԭҰһҲȥ
ô˵˵¹֣¹ԭҰӹˣͲ¹ԭҰ
ʵ֤¹ԭҰܿ¹ױ¹ߡ
¹ԭҰôԣ¹Ҳû취ˡ
ֻܴ¹ְ¹軹¹ǿȥˡ
ͬ¹ԭҰԤϵ
¹ԭҰڼֻԹˢȦʱ¹ڸ϶ţ¹ԭҰֻһ˯ѵʱ¹ǻڸ϶š
ò˸ٰɡ
һ쳵Ҷеˣ;ȥùϢʽʼ
¹֮ǰصĵ飬ȻűȽʡĶҸŻݣǻԼš
Ľ滺
¹Ҹоó̵İŻͦġ
Ȼ⼸еĿû˼һĿ࣬Ǽ˵г̲ϣܹᵽɺʣۻѹȫͷųȥˡ
¹ûֵġ
ΨһǲߵĶкܶһ㲻̫á
ϾǽڼգҲġ


171 
¹ԭҰ͵ǸƵ, ¹ʮ֮ĽǾԲ˵ڵģ
ϾôģĶȼʤ, ˭أ
¹ԭҰÿżٶڼͲ𣿡
¹¹ԭҰʱ¹ԭҰժ˳أ
¹Ϣ¹ԭҰе࣬زϢָϰƵͨ, ֮䵱, ġ
¹ԭҰССĻУҲ֪ǴϵĸЦ, һӾЦ, ˮһµĻϡ
ò˵СӰʦе, ȻƵĵе㶶, ¹, ¹ԭҰȫ̴㷶Χġ
ڣǳ˵ļڣǰ¹˳ˣҲ, ¹ȥεʱ, ˡ
ô, ¹֮ǰҲ֪ô򣬾͸һ
ǮͲ˵ˣ¹۵ļ۸
ϾˮеС, ȻĵطǾ㣬۸¹ҲǺģۻûźãǲùġ
¹ûеùǷϣ˿еףϰ˵˵ƷֽʲôɳˣƤɫƣ߳ſˡ
һ㣬¹Ǻġ
ǿƵ¹ԭҰһˣ¹̲סԼ˶Աһ¡
ԣ¹ԭҰӮˣǸ˸󣬻Ƴγεһ֪͸ˣ
ٿ¹ԭҰֱ˺Ƥ˳УѴ֮
Ȼˣ¹עû˹Ƥڵ˹⣬⣬Ư
ٿ֭ˮûԵ죬¹;˵ζˡ
¹ԭҰ֮ʵ๤þˡ
һ˰֮󣬶׼ƨһȥȻĴָӣһɵؾܰ˷ֳ롣
ʱ˵ĺˣкǲĤ˺ƨҲǣʣµľ۵˹ˡ
¹ԭҰݸһ룬ʣµһݸϡ
ʶȥӣһֻ֣òסˣ¹ԭҰ˳µعҵ绰
¹֮ǰǸ⣬ÿηżپʹڼ¹ԭҰ
ǵȻˣ
¹ԭҰڼңܹܵvip飬Ǽҵģûб˴ţ¹ԭҰԾܼڡ
һа¹ζˮ
¹ԭҰô壿
Ȼ¹ԭҰûһȥΣ¹ÿǻ¹ԭҰ绰ģ¹ȥ¹׻дռһȫ¹ԭҰˡ
¹Ҳȷʵдռǡ
һڣ¹ǰ಼ҵѧдռǣ¹㣬ÿԳ䵱زġ
治ϱӵ״Ԫˡ
¹׵һСĻʦںСڰϣôһѧϰأ
Ϣ죬Ҷٶеۺ֢
һΪ˯ţû
¹ԭҰãۺȻУǼ͵ˣһһѧڻϾûбļˡ
ʣµҲֻһ
һҲֻСѧܹܵͳУУ¹ԭҰڶͯûаëǮϵ
¹ԭҰСѧĸ࿪ʼˡ
Щȥг˺öʳԼѧףһ
¹ԭҰҲ̲סҪĽСѧˣǼܴѧУһһܴӸһݣҲ̫˰ɣ
ĽĽ¹ԭҰҲÿҪҪѧ׼һˡ
Ҫ׼ĻеѧСߣȫҪУ׼ĻǾȫ˶ûС
¹ԭҰûһĿ֣øѧ׼Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʲôȽϺʣ¹ԭҰҲûá
ѧУиһһʳ
ҪԼװ鷳
ǰһǼӵˣ
¹ԭҰÿС
ϴεɿ޻ǵĸоͲ˵ȥҲѧҲϲɿ޻ϴѾˡ
¹ԭҰԼĴƶ񤡣
µġ
ը㽶ţ̶
ţ̶ɣֵȽϸһ㡣
ϼﶼУ򣬶Ҳ졣
¹ԭҰ˵ţ̶֮ǰţ̲ȷ֣ӦҬ˿Сܼ򵥡
ţ׵ۣ赽˳޿״̬Ȼŵճ֮󣬾ͿԵģ棬Ȼŵء
Ҫעһ㣬ģߵĵײһҬأģ
Ҭ˿СԿ˵Ŀζԭζţ̵ģҲԼˮɻζζġ
¹ԭҰԭζͲЩˡ
غõҬ˿СгС飬Ȼÿ涼մҬأˡ
¹ԭҰƻÿĿ飬װ¹ԭҰҲˣϴùһֽУζһ㣬¹ԭҰֱǼ϶õʱ
¹ԭҰboy˵С˼ͣĿҬ˿СѳɱΣȻԱߵ׺һ㱡Ҷ
žͺС¡
¹ԭҰŪˮʲôģ̫׸ֱóȵʱˮɳѧװˡ
һ죬¹ԭҰҲûرǿһѧһˮɳҬ˿Сֱڽĺڰ棬ȥˡ
Сѧ룬ǵעѧУһˡ
СѧǺгģͣһ죬ѧǾ棬껹ʳãôõ飬ǾԷʱ򣬻һֱߴߴ˵š
ͻȻˮɳҬ˿ССѧԵÿģҲû뵽¹͵һ
꼶ги뵽
꼶ӦȽƽϾڻܶͯڵ͡
ǳиһͯڲǷĽڼգѧУǹĻҲֻʵʵشѧУϿΡ
ʲôûС
˵ǺĽСѧˡ
Ϊܳʱ䶼һˣûаѽͶͯϵһǷѧС¹С߳Էʱ򣬿Сѧһʳŷֽһͯڵġ
ΪҪĬĬģС¹С֮
羹ȻһˮɳҬ˿С
ֻСѧУȫС
¹ԭҰûںڰףһ֣ӵǸҬ˿Сˮɳףһˡ
еСĵġ
͹һСѧһʳʱҲǸʳǾֻǵյһͯڿֵףѡ
ѧУûǣҳҲûǣͬѧҲûУС¹Сˡ
ôѽǸϲС¹Сˣ
ﷹóԣΧã¹ԸĻǻһֱСԷ
¹ԭҰϰѧԽԽˣ¹ԽԽˡ
¹ԭҰʱȥͣ͵ҳԹѧӴĻֱӺ¹磬Сģ۰Ͱ͵ض
Сˣû˼
֮⣬ҲҪ¹ԭҰк
ǻСʱϲʹ󺢽ѣԵӣȳ˴֮ϲʦ򽻵Ҳӡ
¹ԭҰǱߵĸоӦòġ
Ĺ鿪ģԷǺҪġ
ķ˺óҲסҶһ޶Ҭ˿СˮɳΪ˱̫Բνֳ֡
Ҷټ˷Ϊ˸Ҭ˿Сˮɳӡ
ˮɳʵûʲôڴģʵˮ
ˮʲôζҲԹϾ¹ԭҰҲûررټˮ
ֵҬ˿СǴҹעص㣬̵ʱҶҬ˿С棬̵ĶԱȣжÿˡ
᲻ó˶
װҬ˿СģһԵֽУɭϵԭľӣҬ˿Сֵǡ
ֵͬǵģӦþǼ۸˰ɡ
ôһҬ˿СҲ¹磬Ҫʲôĳϰ壬֪ҪǮأ
ҲԷ
øһԲӣһҬ˿СµĵģҪŵĳԷ
һǲеģҧڡ
ѧû¹֪Ҭ˿СԭʲôӿڸкζϿҬ˿СĿڸк͸е񣬵𻨸ĸ㣬ͱƤĿڸеƣִڲ
һҬأ࣬ǺܺõṩҬ㣬Ҭ㣬ζأ˶ܽܵĴڿζ


172 
˵Ҳ, ¹ԭҰҬ˿Сõ̲ţС˾ˮţ̣ǳĴţ̡
Ϊˮţ̱϶ˡ
ͨĴţ̣ζȽϵĵ, ˵, ţ̻ûȿ, ĵ˵ζ
¹ԭҰһ㲻̫ϲֱӺȴţ, ϲôţĶ
Ҭ˿С
ֱӺȣȲʲôζڹôһȦ֮, Ҭ˿СȻܳԳζˡ
͸֮ǰţ̲һ, ȻԵģУҲһȵĻڡ
¹ԭҰ²Ӧþ, Ѵţ̲ζˡ
ֻ¹ԭҰĲ², ǲģ¹ԭҰȥʵ֪
Ⱦôţ̱úȵĻ, ¹ԭҰãӦûϲϺȴţ̵ġ

Ҭ˿СܺóԣˮɳҲѷɫȻ¹ԭҰûʹЩȽϰˮЩˮ, ¹ԭҰ¹Ĳ
ζʱ䡣
֭ζ𣬺óԾٲˣ
ôóԵĶ˸˲
һ, ߿ߺţҲֻˡ
һ뵽֮ĸ߿ŵ඼£ɲ
óԵҬ˿СˮɳҲûа취
𳿺ЩѧŵÿҪȥˡ
ǵ¹ԭҰȻҲע⵽ˣ¹ԭҰҲǸʱ߹ģȻܹǵ顣
ⲻ˿Բֵġ
¹ԭҰֲʲôҽֻԼ߳
ģǱ֤ԼҵĻʳˮƽѡ
˸߿ǰʱС¹СԷȫУмҳ¹ԭҰˡ
Ϊ¹ԭҰҵĻʳˮƽУֻǶɾ
ϾС¹СһѧڣҪ⣬ǿ϶ͳˡ
Ļϵڣ
֮¹ԭҰǰϵġ
Ȼ¹ԭҰԼһֱΪСسǣҲֻǺѣû¹ԭҰôС
УǸŽУõ¸УѡΪ˿
пǱ˵ģ￼ԵģֻǸеѧѧУĸС
䵽߿ԵѧֲϤߵĻֻҼҲ͹ݳԡ
¹ԭҰҵСôϵġ
ѧУܱߵЩ͹ݣС¹СʵͦԵġ
ʳããⶼѧͼҳ涼ġ
ϣܸС¹Сվ֤˵ģɲ
ϾС¹СѧٶҲͦģɢٶȾͿ졣
˭Ҳ֪Լ棬мС¹Сˮ
һҵ¹ԭҰæڸ߿һݷļҳʱ¹ԭҰû̫ϡ
죬ļҳԽԽˡ
д༶˹¹ԭҰġ
¹ԭҰûͳƹܲµҪķһ١
ƽʱײͷ¹ԭҰ϶ģأ
泴ֵأ
رǳֻҪǰõĻڷͰˡ
Ҹ߿ĩ͸ѧͻ
Ψһһ㣬¹ԭҰһôķԡ
¹ְ¹躰æˡ
һ𣬰¹׻ҲæˣٶȾͺܿ졣
ʳɲôˣѧҲ⣬˴߳Ҳһġ
¹ؼסʱ򣬷ּûˣҵ¹ԭҰˣŽнСһ𣬸¹ԭҰѵİ﹤ˡ
ǲҪǮֻҪ԰Ⱦˡ
򷹵ѧеࡣ
¹ԭҰ򷹵ѧ淢һЩϤס
ǼԹѧ
ûǴĻǲμӽĸ߿ɣ
μӸ߿ܹ򳴷¹ԭҰҲ̫ǵʲô
ʵҵ뷨ĺܺö
¹ԭҰûпصػУܹŶ򳴷ģȷʵС¹СԹѧ
עˣǳԹڳԡ
ƾһʱС¹СʼǶʱ䣬ÿزͺ跹ģֻڿѧʱɹϳġ
˵֣һ
ѧڶûܱС¹ҳԷ
ΪǰĺǳԵС¹Сķˣ֪Щжóԣڲôġ
֪С¹Сڸ߿ҪʱǾ֪ǵĻˣ
ǻУαװ߿ˡ
¹ԭҰ̣˻϶ϲǣܹϳǵˣֳʱڳ
Ծô򵥵ɻˣɹС¹Сĸ߿޶
ǻûгԹС¹Сĳ
ǿ࣬͸о
ǺͨݳȳϺʣ֣ඹ
Ϊ¹ԭҰϲãûӣܼඹ֮󣬳ֵһ㡣
Ϊ¹绹ϳ⼸ѧûҽʳóԷ
¹û˵ĳֻ߿֪Ϊʲô⼸ѧе顣
õԼķ֮Ǿһ뿪˸԰Ǳ߳Է
ĩԭ򣬴һ㶼ڼϢģܼǰְֻ裬ܹǲú˷Եġ
⼸ѧ
Ϊԭ򣬼ĴڣûԣΪ
ǰ֪С¹Си߿޶ĳصط˼緹Ը߿޶
˷ѵΪҪüĴ֪ˣҪġ
Ϊ˱Ǻܻǵ˽ڣҪô˵ͬѧ棬Ҫô˵ͬѧԼȥͼݣʲôٷҪͷԡ
Ǹ߿޶ĳ
˾ͳԲ˵֣
˭֪¹绹ŪŪأ
С¹СƽʱҲ
һΣͿԶ
Ϊ˱źȻҪץסʱˣ
⼸ѧúȻʯҶǣҲȫˡ
ԶģܹСѧԱһǰźöѧ
в˻Ϊٰʲôʲô֪ѧ档
һ͸¹Ƿֱ治ѧͷѧǻֵܷóġ
һ㿴ûУģͻ¹׻Сǹȥһ£ѧͲùܣѧ;Ȱ뿪
󲿷˻Ǻͨġ
رԵյСѣһȰˡ
ǼûŪʲôһֻһĹأԾ˰ͬѧһ˺üݡ
¹ԭҰһ֣ǰõ䷹˵ʱеˡ
ȥǰ߿һۣѧţû취ֻܰǵ緹Ųѧ԰ɡ
ͬʱ׷
¹ԭҰ׼ķˣȫĿˣҲòˡ
Ȼ϶á
¹ԭҰڳﳴһһķˣǱǴ罫ŵ㣬Ե㳴Ӧȥġ
ڳûˣ¹ԭҰҲٳһ
Ҿ
극ȫˣ¹ԭҰǻȥף֮Ҫ֮Ҫŵ
׷Ҳỵֻ䶳Ĺܣ¶ǿԵڵġ
æһ磬ҶۻˣŰҪõĶ׼á
˯ǰ¹ԭҰûֻˡ
ô෹¹ԭҰ첲̧ˣ󻹵ðæŻָ
¹ԭҰ˶ôˣ϶ۡ
컹˻ɣ¹ԭҰô˯ȥˡ

߿Ǵ£رǸеĵһ߿쵼ǻǺӵģǵ̨ļߣ͵Ǹſڣɷһ½ĸ߿
ոյʱ䣬ѾѧУŵķ߹ˡ
ǽһ߿ѧ
˺þõļһӾˣѧԻѧȲɷ˵
λ߿ճУŵʱߴӰʦסܲɷһ𣿡
߿˿ʱ䣬ӦˣԡߵҲܲµҲǸһġ
ڿˣʲô𣿡
߿۾ûʲôܡ
㿼֮ĵһʲô
ȥԸɡ
ͼȫһĻش𣬼Ҳеˡ
ʱҲ˳ˣλɷõĸ߿˺ͼߵ̸Сѧķ뿪ˡ
ʱ䡣


173 
λ߿еĳ, Ȼе׼ͷԣûйھᣬϾǲɷø߿
ֻɷһǿɲ
ԽԽѧ, ߿ʼ, 󲿷ֵѧϵػش˼ߵ⡣
ЩĺõزĻᱻȥ, ¼֮ǵ̨ʱϲ
ǵ̨ǵط̨, ڱȽ, ιڸ߿Ĳɷã󲿷Ӧöע, ǼܲסһŻõġ
ǶιڳĲɷòûбȥ, ˻ֱ
ɵ, λͬѧ, ؽĸ߿״Ԫ
βɷþͺȻر˳
֪ˣβɷãѧԻͦȤģ¾ȻһųԻġ
ԹС¹Сĸ߿޶, һܲµˡ
˼ѧҲû, ˵ĳļҵĳ, ԴҲ˼Ժ
һŪ, ǿҪεġ
Ȼ˵, ȴԼĲ²Ӧǰ˾Ųʮˡ
Ƶת˺ܶ, ¹ԭҰǱȽʱ, ſƵ, ˵Ŀһ, ¹ԭҰ˼ѧ˵ĳ϶ҵ
ʵ¹ԭҰµ
ǵġ
ѧ˵ľС¹ҵĳ
Ǹжһ飬С¹С, ѧԻģΪС¹ҿӵıʽѧҲ
ͬͬѧ˵С¹С߿ʱһ䣬˳ˡ
˸߿죬翼ԣ׼ſҼҲ͹ݽ緹ѧԣͻȻС¹Сˡ
ֿͬͬѧСѧķ߹ȥ
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ѧԾС¹ҵĳ
˵ʵζͦģѧϾ;Ҳˡ
Ǿһķ֪ͣܶС¹Ҹ߿Զ˺ܶ಻Ǹ߿ѧ
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ѧû򵽣˸ӣȻٹ
ǸʱӦûô˰ɡ
С¹ֻ˵˸߿ȴû˵ֻǸʱȥӦл򵽳
ѧԣǿ
˳˲רҵĳʦˮ˰¹ԭҰ
ÿԵĽ˼άȥ¹ԭҰ֪ͨ
ҪĻ¹ԭҰڼ׼Ĳϣѧǻ˵š
ڡ
¹ԭҰڼҡ
ȸ߿ȥˣ¹ԭҰҲֱӹˡ
˶Ƚ࣬Եõģ¹ԭҰǮȥˡ
˶ڼңѧôţ
ǶβɷãѧԿԺȥС¹򳴷ʱĵġ
βɷãС¹˵ǸܺõĻᣬһȽҰĵץʱʼ˵СĹģ
˭С¹ҵϰ¹ԭҰأ
ϰﻹ֧ϰİ𨡣
¹ԭҰѧԵĳǼҵģ¹ԭҰҲô
û򵽳ѧԻͦĵġ
˵˸߿޶Ǹ߿޶˸߿û˵ģѧע򲻵С¹ҵĸ߿޶
Ψһѧοģܾǻкܶ˺һɡ
¹ԭҰյ˺ܶʺƨڿʺƨˣòʺƨԻ¹ԭҰȵ¹ԭҰǿκҲűʱԳ
ôĲʺƨ¹϶˼ܾ
һҾܹԵˣ
ţȥ¹ԭҰ
û뵽¹ԭҰʺƨչգһ˵飬Ͳɿˡ
˭¹ԭҰһԳ̫ķˣ˳ptsdʱ俴е㺦¡
˵ˣ¹ԭҰˡ
ͺܺΪʲôҪ
治
ֻҪˣȻϾͿˣͳһȣ֪ܽʡٵ
ٸ¹ԭҰһѡ¹ԭҰӦҲѡġ
Ͼ߿еߣѧȣ̣ѧȣҲûгô㡣
¹ԭҰǹѡ

ڸ߿˵߿ȫǺ顣
Ƕ¹ԭҰԣ֮ͲˣǼûи߿ֻĩϰ׶εСѧ
¹׺ͽСڻڵʱҪӭĩԡ
Ų¹ԭҰҲ¹׺ͽСڡ
ĩԶ˵ƽʱĵԪҲûʲô
ܹԸоҵˡ
¹ԭҰʲôϵأ
¹׵ҵ¹ԭҰ飬Ǽġ
ϲ¹׵ҵˡ
¹ҵȷ̫ߣҲ¹׽⣬еСź֮⣬ûκε⡣
ڴҶ£ĩˡ
СѧͳлиУԵĿĿͬʱȻҲͬ
Сں¹ף翼һ
֮Ǿͽˡ
¹ԭҰҪȵʣ˿꣬С¹ҲܽѧڵӪҵ
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¹ԭҰԲùǵķˡ
ǣ¹ԭҰʼҷŷˡ
¹ԭҰͳϷۡ
Ǹ˵гҪϷۡ
¹ԭҰʵҲġ
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¹ԭҰʵǰѾˣǷǱһֱû󣬾ζ̫Ӱ첻ãһ˵ᡣ
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¹ԭҰһ̵ֱڲŶ֡
ϰ࣬ӳȥˣСڷߣû˴¹ԭҰ¹ԭҰ׼Ϸˡ
Ϸ׷ۣ׷ҪһŻ·۵ָо
Ʋʱ䣬ÿʼ׷ݿʱӲ˾ͿԳˡ
¹ԭҰ߲ͷôãֱӿˡ
һϷٿˣװϷ۵һϲζĿ԰Ϸȥһ
¹ԭҰʼû࣬밴˵ɡ
ʱô˵أ͸װ¹ԭҰԼԼŵζʱζȽϵǵ¹ԭҰ˺װһ˲䡭
¹ԭҰϾϷ۵ĳζˡ
Ҫǰ񶪽һĻǹɳζܵ¶ȵӰ죬¹ԭҰȷԼ̶ֳܽȵζټ
¹ԭҰǵģȻζеû˵ôˡ
ǿԽܵġ
Ϸ۵֭ǺŨǱȽˬģ¹ԭҰṩͺʹȫȥˣۺϳζζζȽϵƫһЩ
ζ¹ԭҰϲζ
һϷۣװ֮⣬ив˰иĸըĸ¹ԭҰѸȥ֮ǰ͵͵һ¡
ִֿڸУϾըģƬôҲȻġ
ȵ¹ԭҰһƬը֮ףϷеը񣬿ܾҪը֮ڸС
¹ԭҰһӾϲˡ
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ɾû֮ǰôóˡ
¹ԭҰĸ˿
ϲըʪըء
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͸ڵĽһζ࣬
ʣµһ˰һЩľᶹǣܲɣҲڽ˵һ֡
ϼ¹ԭҰܹóˣܽϷ۵һࡣ
ıѾϰζֻĳζкˣ¹ԭҰǲϷ۳ˡ
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¥ϺͻߣͻȻŵһζһϸɻˡ
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˳ζ˹ȥ
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˳ζ۵˳ͼ¹ԭҰ룬ǣزҪ𣿡
ҵͣϷϣƬ֮¹׽Сڻһ֣ÿһϸڱʾܾ
ǲҪ
лҪ˵
߾쿪ʼ
ϲСʹ±ټ
л2020-10-20 23:19:01~2020-10-21 21:31:06ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹnecky 10ƿֻСֲ 5ƿҹޡաϹŶ١¡Ѽ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ


174 
ʮ, ɽ칫ҡ
ȿˮȥ˴Ϥһ»Ըѹɽɽ˵
ɽɽС, ճΪɽ, ˴, ò˯ǰǰӳ˯лѵġ
һ˯ѾͿ˰𨣬ɽɽ԰˳ڣ棬𣿡
ݼ, 㣬, ҲɽƢҲܺá𨷭һͨѶ¼ţС
Դʮǰӳ˯ѹ֮󣬺͹һɽ칫ңʮ, ɽ칫ҵǼ˵ɽʮλ
ţСǰҵѵĵһɽ, ԭΪˮţԼھӪ˾, ʱԣ, ԸҲȽϺʴˡ
ӵĵ绰֮, ţСûѣֱӴӹ˾˹
ɽɽ򵥵ʶһ£ţСż뿪, е棬ݼ¡
Ҫ֪ԴѹԺ󣬻ûݼ٣ڻɽ񣬾Ѱɽ·ϡ
˭Ȱûõİ鳤ھȻҪݼˡ
ţСôܲ棿
ôͻȻ뿪ԸϢˣ
еҪ졣ҲǰʱͻȻģʱ䣬Ǹ»ԼĺӦҲˡ
ҲʱȥԼˡ
Ҳڵʱ䣬ɽ칫͸࿴ŵɡ
ţС˸okƣȵ֮󣬶ɽɽ˵ȴϤһڵĻҲ뿴Լ֣Ҿʹȥ֤
뿪ɽ칫֮󣬰ᣬûмʰȲ鿴һСѵϡ
е棬Ǹ̰ԵСѣڻʲôӣ

A516
סȫ԰רҵѧûΣȫᶼ㡣
˯˯ֻֻɧɧ
ͻȻ¹ԭҰϸ緢һ˷ܵĺУŵ¹ԭҰһֻдһᣬᡣ
ᣬֻǵӦѡ
λϸһǿ¹ԭҰ˯еѸˣСƢãе
ϸ粻Ľ
ֶٻе㱯ҡ
ѳΧŹԼɸӣֱӰԭ˵ˣҲ֪һֱһѧ졣
¹ԭҰѵͷȻأ
ղųʲôϵ
ֻǵһµĻһµѵĻ
ô¹ԭҰѿԸɡ
Ƴɹˡ
ע⵽˵ԽΣգɸϽ䣺ѧòص㣬ص꣡ҰĺշѧˣѧѾӦˣ
仰˵˳ĻѣӦÿɴѧɾ͡
Ե˵Ƕջ󰡣
սȭͷϾɿˡ
ļĺѾ̲סԱȥˣѧõƬ𣿿ҿ
һ߷ֻһ˵ҼǵһŵȦУȵȣҷһ¡
ҾͲȥ˰ɣֲǲ֪ҵŮֲʺ¹ԭҰ¹ԭҰҪȥҲӦȥ갡
¹ԭҰѹϵãҲû˵˼ѾͶ֪¹ԭҰȡˣҲûųķӦ
һץס¹ԭҰУһȥ
¹ԭҰã֮ǰһѧ˵飬ѷӦǺܺá
ֱɰĺշȥˣһѧþȻꡣ
ر¹ԭҰ
Ȼû˵رףǿǸ˼ӦǱѧÿ¹ԭҰˡ
˵¹ԭҰȥɡ
ҪǲȥĻ꣬Ҳˡ
Ҳ˵Ըʶһ£¹͵ʶвӦĻºҰһڵ
ĺҲ˳룬¹ԭҰӦĻڿԲ
¹ԭҰĶˡ
аɡ
ɻһ֣ѺϢһѧ˵ˣôȷ
ѾʼҪʲô·ѣ¹ԭҰһİĺ룬ֻʾ׶ġ
¹ԭҰûϣСĺغûϵֻҪõԼˡ
ιã𣿡
ûȵ绰Ǳߵȿڣ¹ԭҰʡ
绰ͷİ𨣬û뵽ǵһ仰Ȼʶؾͷˡ
С磿
绰Ǹģ
ѵ
㻹ǵǡ
绰Ǳߵ˵꣬¹ԭҰóˣӦһթƭ绰ϹҶϲڡ
ð˵ĵթƭͷҶ֪·ƭҲ֪µ·Ҳ̫˰ɡ
չҶ绰¹ԭҰִֻһİĺ룬β¹ԭҰҪȵС硣
شӴ˸Ьֱȥ¥ˡ
¹ԭҰҶ˵绰İ𨣬ֻĻеãȻ
ΪʲôĻû˵ͱҶˣ
´ȥ绰ʾǶԷͨУŵСѽ绰֮ٴ
һСʱ֮󣬶ԷͨС
Сʱ֮󣬶ԷͨС

̲סϢһţС绰ͨô£ǵ绰
ⷽ治Ǻܶ
ţСǶԷڴ绰ҲǱ˺
ԭ֮󣬾͵СѴ绰
֮󣬺֪طӦСѻ࣬ĵ绰Ӧǰ𨱻ĺŶԡ
𨱾ͨ绰Сϵ֮Լ顣
ڵһʧˡ
ǺΪʲôСڡ
ñ˵ĵ绰ºСȡϵ
ţСĵ绰¹ԭҰ˹ȥ¹ԭҰûӡ
Ϊ¹ԭҰ绰ʱ¹ԭҰںŮꡣ
緹֮Ǿȥktv
Ktv¹ԭҰûԼֻˡ
ֻø¹ԭҰһţȻ¹ԭҰϵ
Ktvİɺһѧڳ裬üȥģ֮պҪˡ
ںͺĵǸŮڳԷʱ򣬶¹ԭҰȽ飬Ӧþǿ¹ԭҰǸ
ֻ¹ԭҰӦȽ䵭ûõӦŮϷҲȥͺͱȽϺ˵ĺ
ϵʽˡ
ݣҲû䵥Ůĸԣʣµ¹ԭҰһŮȻؾͱƵһ
ŮҲǱġ
ĻԲǺܸߣ¹ԭҰһһ߿˳衣
¹ԭҰһͲ뿴ˣģֻóһ򿪿һš
ŵǣʮǰСɽϾȹİ𨣬㻹ǵ
¹ԭҰǰڵǸ뷢ġ
¹ԭҰеˣû¾ƭġ
Ҳûаųöŵķʽġ
Сʱļ䣬¹ԭҰòˣ֪Сãûз⣬Ҫ˾ȡ
ƭʵˡ
¹ԭҰ˳ƭӵĻأҲǵˡ
شҲڰԤ֮УϾļ䶼ǱȽ϶ݵģҵһμСѻôС
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СԸϵܹһõĿʼ
ŵķʽ̫˵壬˼Ҫ
¹ԭҰ֪ƭӣ˷ƭӻĹ棬Ĺ׶׶ôԶ
ƭӵĿƣǮûƭôǮ
¹ԭҰ㷢˸ð
ƭӶ£ʲô


175 
СѵĻظ, ڵĽչ˳ǻһ⡣
СѼȻӦˣΪʲôӺų
ô, Ҳôˡ
¹ԭҰȻƭӺӺų, Ҫ֪ڵˣձ鶼е绰־֢
ֻͿݵĵ绰֮, ӭ˴
ҪǰƭӴӺųִ֮绰ô죿
¹ԭҰһ£ʣ΢𣿡
𨣺Уôˣ
¹ԭҰ΢żɣ΢ȽϷһ㡣
Ȼ̫Ϊʲô΢ӷ, ǴӦСѡ
¹ԭҰԼ΢˺ż˰𨣬΢źQQ, ʹƵʸߵQQ, ΢ŵĻ, ¹ԭҰԼҲ˵ΪʲôҪֻ΢š
ûап, ҲûмӼˡ
ű, ƭҲû취˺޶һë
¹ԭҰͼƭӵ΢š
ƭӵ΢ͷ
ܾƭӿǸճƭ˶֪øһ˺, ˺һСš
ͷ΢ŵĬͷ, ȦһƬհ, Ҳֻǳ΢һˡ
֪֮ǰĶŶϺš
ͷԼǳƵˣӦò˰ɡ
ƭȷʲôճ尢̲
¹ԭҰоԼרҵܶࡣ
СѾ΢ţ΢ţһ㶼Ǻɽͬĵ, Ҳûرʲôġ
κСģ𨷢΢źõĵطˡ
ܿԷ״̬
֪С׿ϢûУǲڻظ
عİеСӰ
룬СӦԼȽϺãûһõķͿ¹ԭҰϢ
¹ԭҰˣô֪ҼԱСɽģ
¹ԭҰ֪ڵƭӶúܣһЩ˽Ϣܹ׵¹ԭҰⷽǳ棬ƭһ㶼ô׵Ϣ
¹ԭҰΪûйԼ˽Ϣ
ظǵһμСɽϡ
ƭӵ׵ûͦİ
¹ԭҰͲˣҲƭӵܺ˵˵ôҶѾˡ
˵Խ࣬¶Խ졣
ƭɵشӦˣ¹ԭҰ͵Ц
Լktvˡ
ʱ䣬ҲҪˣ˰ᣬ򳵻ѧУ
ɣģݣһĴ⡣
ѧܹ꣬ᵽζˣ
һֻŲŸ̤ᣬľ̲ס˷ԼʶƯѧãϧɺҲԼѧãԺĵĻһ㶼Ȥ
һǻѪ˷ͺܼįˡ
ܿͶ¹ԭҰ
Ѿѵˣ¹أ
ȴֻܵ
̲סΪ¹е˰
̲סЦǸ̫İ˲أ
¹ģԸԼϲá
Ȼ¹ԭҰԸ⣬ķϲãȥץƭӵš
ղڻktv֮ǰӦ˸¹ԭҰ£Ϊץеţ¹ԭҰһеë
˵¹ԭҰˮ¹ԭҰˮġ
һԵˡ
Сɽϣûֿ˵ĺӵֻһЩǳǳСϪŵһ䣬¹ԭҰƭӵˡ
һ֪ԷϤСɽ
ССɽϳкóԵ֪
¹ԭҰΪ˴ƭģϾָ⣬ΪƭӦ֪Լ¶ˣʶʵˡ
¹ԭҰû뵽ƭӵʻͦߵġ
ָСɽûп˵ĵط֮ƭӻϸ¹ԭҰһԭǰ׼ͦģеģֻǸطһ˽ȥѡ
СɽûУ¹ԭҰ֪ܲ
ƭûϵ¹ԭҰҵŵġ
¹ԭҰԽԽòԡ
ǲе㲻Ծ
ȷǷʵĹ
ƭдİɣɽŪˣôԽԽˣ
΢һǣ¹ԭҰǾ֮Ϊڹ
һȷʵǰ¹ԭҰܸɳ顣
¹ԭҰΪƭ˽ԼԸ
ӦϹèˡ
Ҹ¶ˣƭܸ˵ԼĿ˰ɡ
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˰죬ŷôһΣ¹ԭҰ뿴ֻ꣬˼ظŶ˼ǽ⿪ǰɣҴӦˣǻ𣿡
Ϊʲô˵Ǯ飿
¹ԭҰ̲סż
¹ԭҰǾǿͷ˵˵Ͷ˻ƲҪ⿪ֻҪ˫ɹʶӦþͿˡ
¹ԭҰ˵֮󣬰оһ£ڡ
ѵΪֻ΢˵˵û׿˵
Բ㣿
Ÿ¹ԭҰһ׿˵仰𣿡
¹ԭҰûѣ˳ֵ㿪һܺĲˣװ𨻰˼¹ԭҰ붼û;ܾ
˲Ż˵
¹ԭҰܲµ˻ǸʲôӦ
϶Ҫ˵ǻ棬Ȼpy
¹ԭҰȥ˵ɫ˵С˾֪ǿ϶¹ԭҰոյ㿪Ǹˣ
ţ
¹ԭҰİʲô˶
ܵġ
ػ֣ܡ
˰ûȵ¹ԭҰɣģݣͲסˣղǾ仰
׿˵仰
⻰֮˵
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˰ɣ
֮䲻̨ʣǻأ
Ͼǰ˺ô
о仰ǳʳڸ׳
¹ѵˣ
̲סĺ¹ԭҰ¹ʲôʱ֯ģĿ֯ǵЭᡣ
ᣬҲֻɺһѧʽȷ˹ϵˣĿǰкøеĽ׶Ρ
ûǻ£̫ˡ¹ԭҰ磬Ϩֻͷ£۾һҪ˯˵ӡ
¹ԭҰ˵Ҳûа취
Ƕ¹ԭҰĻƨŵġ
ktvһֱĻᣬ̨ʣûľͺ¹ԭҰգ

ڶ˯ѣ¹ԭҰ͵ʱ䣬ֻܳմ磬ϷһϢ˳
ǰͷһǰ¹ԭҰΪʲôܣ
滹һΪʲô¹ԭҰôԭ
¹ԭҰûлظǰ¼ǰ棬ͷһ飬¹ԭҰԼҲͦĵġ
Ȼƭôʱ䡣
ʱǽǮۡ
¹ԭҰͰôʱ䣬ͱƭ˲ٽǮ
¹ԭҰƭӵĻԣȻ˵ģǿڰķϣ֮ǰ¹ԭҰȰ˰һ䡣
Ĳ˵µɱƭĹöˡ
䣬¹ԭҰڰ𨣬ȻȥϿˡ
𨲻ǵһʱ俴ϢģڰСʱ֮ſġ
Ϣһ£С֮ǰĵòǺܺ
ΪʲôСѻᷢ仰
ĬĬĥһӦˣСǰƭǮƭ˰
СѽͲſԡ
˽͵Ļ˷ͣϢǰһɫĸ̾ţһС֣ϢѷԷˡ


176 
԰˵ûйϵ
΢ŷȥ, ֻ롣
֮ǰ뵽¹ԭҰڻѧʱϿ, ǻ˶Ÿ¹ԭҰ˹ȥ
¹ԭҰϿæҵûʱֻ, ȻҲûп
ʱ, Ѿ¿ΣҪʼʱ
ƭӵĶҪ, ¹ԭҰѱƱ߶߶˰, Ǿͳʲô֮ųտһ°Ķš
˵ƾ
˵ƭ, ¹ԭҰ͵
ƭӴ˵Լƭӡ
ŵ󣬰𨻹˵¹ԭҰʵһ棬¹ԭҰͺˣΪʲôҪһأ
ѵĺͰ˵, ûв¹ԭҰǮ
ʲô
¹ԭҰӣ
¹ԭҰһЩĳѼ棬󣬷Լһ, ֱĳӱƭשѣɻͱˮ̡
¹ԭҰ֮ǰҲǸоԼĲƲܵв, ԼƲҲܵв
أ¹ԭҰɵ˲ȥ档
ѶҲ˺, ¹ԭҰϵԻȥˡ
ϵȵ磬ִȵϣһ, ûеȵСѵĻظ
ϵ¹ԭҰİеżȥţСֻ롣
ţСȻְΪǰֻ˰𨡣
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ҿһ˭ģ¹ԭҰ亰˻
û֣Ҫ𣿡
ҽһ£
ŶŶŶ
ݽͨ˵绰ãλ
ǰ𨡣
𨣿ʶɤţ¹һа˸ĵ绰
ڴֻĺģɣ͸èͷӥһԴһ֧ˣ𨣿
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