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ϵͳ࣬ϵͳ˳һɱһСˡ
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ԥ
δ硫
ġ
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յǣȫǿɰ
һ๫СްС



1
һ۾ʱ۾ɵģ˿ʲô
һݣ۾ɵһϲ
˰첽ߵߣý˸С£ݸࡣ
û˵Ҳûϡࡣ
ϵͳȫ׵ˣ⼸εĹͨûеѶ
㻹ǳԵ㶫ɣˣˮδȥɳŲסȰ
۾˵⣬򴲱ꡣ
ʮ߰꣬дϵĶǳ׶һۿȥܰ˷˳׼֡
лֻ²ûθڣǳ˰ɣƾܡ
ʱߵʱѾ㹻ˣҲˣҲûϵͳһֱļУҲûʲô˼ˣҲûҪȥ˷˼ʳ
ӵӦòãһСȻܶ˲赹ˮչˣҲûģٿ뱡࣬඼òúȡ
ôУҺ͵ܵܶѾԹˣרŸģ˺˰֡
ȴһȴʼûƵҲ˵ˡ
ڴһᣬջǵĶȥˡ
ӦǺȲ߰ɣôϡ࣬һ붼ûжףǣѾܸõĶˡ
ôȥ磬һԼܵܣһ±άֲˣƲӵʱȷʵûˡ
磬𣿡һֿøϽʡ
ţֻǣôҲԸԷһߣֻﱧŵĲӹȥڳĹźͷ
ֲ˵ˣû취ԴӰ˼һĶֱϵˣ˵Ҳ˵ҲУԻ˵ʲô
ſߣֲһСɰϸϸЩӡ
˵һͷǸƵ˻ϲ˵ЦôÿһˣЦӦøɽһ
һ㣬ȻԸԷҲð
迴óԴӱһֱһȤģȴ˿ĵĻȥԸԷԸ˵㻰ð
ֿһſһɰһЦļ۵ԼҸ磬ֱȥ˯ͷ
һţͿ࿴ˣŤԼ˹ȥ
ͷ֪ô˵ˣָԡ
˳Ĭһֱ̽ͷֲҪϢա
к£಻ɵЩɻ
֪һ仰𣿡ɤӣ࿴Ƶİ˵һ仰˵˳֮౨
˵ͷ
ּ˵Ҹ㣬ҲӦɡ
Ĭ
һֱ͵ǽǵֱӱ
ǣ꣬ûһ仰ССŮΪԸţˡ


2꾫
û˵˰أȦĳ˳ȥ
Ͱ谵ӣҲܿȦˣ۾ﻹһˮ
ûɵеϾ߹ǧ˵껹СأίίĺȦȷʵۡ
üе㲻ˡ
һˣһһ½磬Ҳˣһһ磬ϤҲֻһֱߵϵͳ֪ľͱľԼļУڣϵͳôһ硣
һרŸ硣
һּίĸо̼ɿŪ¡
ĴϵͳռȡһƿϴҺȡ
һ룬ͳһƿϴҺ
ƿӣֲССһֻƿ飬ֻܿԼȦķ졣
һͷҩȥ໹ûסһֱӰѲƿˣƬģʹѪҲ˳
ϵͳˣϵͳռȴڡ
ϵͳ˺ȥ༸ɾˣȴϰ˵ϵͳռԼϿ࣬˿˭ԿҲ˵һ
һ̽ϵͳռ䣬շתյЩԼһЩϵͳһĶ
Ķˡ
̧һһϵͳͬԲ־
಻ɵ÷һЦϵͳô¾˼ǸǷʹ壬Ȼͬİ·ˡ
ԽЦԽſɰۿܽͿһֱѪһ߿һЦġ
һϽȥտ
뱧࣬һ˵һĺ󱳡
಻ûټƿϴҺʼЧҲƽ貢ĻһȻ˯˹ȥ
費ðѺò˯ȥŪѣ˽Ҳð÷£һֱŻ˿գί·Ҳɢˣһӿ
ŵ֣ͷѪģһЩ͸ʲôƬĵͷûɵͷһ̶һᡣ
磬ӱ˿ˣ㻹벻ˣȥôһ˵ֲĸϽ
һô
СҲСˣʮСڴﶼܶˣνһ£֪Щġ
ȴû뵽ͼ˸˻࣬һȥˣڶ
ǰӣ˵ɽͷʲôɽҰֻģרƭЩС˾ȥġ
ԣ˵ɵǸǸ꾫


3
ϵĺ꾫۾뱧˻ȥ֣
һǰ
磬˻ڴѾķзˣ˿ЩβҪǻһֱԸȢ㣬Ǵͷӻ뱻ͷˮֿڴϻȥӣֱĲᡣ
ִԲ
ɾһˣԽԽͶ·ɣ
磬Ժ㲻ˣչС־
һЩ˼ۿͷüҪ۾ˣּˣϽʾֽ
˸˵
ҿ˾ɽĸ׺꾫͹СʱϾ˸ɸɾȥ͸ǰɽ˵һģһ㻹ִ
͵ͨ졣
ҲǡҲѾˣۣɵеЦ
һֵܣ˵ֻǱʲôɽҰ֡
Ͻ˹ȥһ˯ˣɵĸЩ
ֿڵģֱ˿
չˣе˼˵Ȣ磬ʲôҲ˵ˣ
ռˣȫ׼Σӣ
ֱôİõչˣȭյĿ֨֨죬һȥ͸ôһ¡
֣ȥɣֺʲôˣתԸȫûֵľ
ȥɣǼӣϴȥɱӻĸɸɾ¼Ӹ綼ȡЩˣĽҲ˶ȥɣĲС
ҲȥӲ˦˾仰
ֲϲ㣬ҲԸȢ㣬㻹ôδ
һףɫԽԽۿ˵ǾͼҲþȰһܼܲȰɣ
ֿ綼Ҫˣֻðѻȥ
ȴСֹҲûôиԸһѵġ
΢˵㣬û˵ֻ֣ڲִ̽ӿռͷȡ˸
һƬҶӡ
һүʱִ˵ĽҶӣ󣬶ҳһиʮӲŶԡ
Ҳڴ˰׳԰׺ȣǣЩʳѰɣվߡ
ȴǺ
ͼ˼ǮƲŴ˻ģ
ȴһùҶӣҧһ¡
ȴûˡ
֪ĻΪܹ˳Ϸ಻˼Ǯˡ
࿴ֵһǰһţһһߺ۾
վҪˣöСͷҲá
ʱ֮·ǧٸû˭ҲܰСҸɴ˼ҵͷȽϺð


4ǧ·
˰£ྫϱϵͳ˺˿΢Щˡ
ô˵ϵͳƷľϴҺЧǲģµʱ䣬ͻָЩȻ˺˿ڻۣѾʼת
⾫ϴҺûΪʲôϵͳռͷԼǣԼϵͳԤıѾõİɣϵͳܻ˶ԤϺˡ
ˣҲһµ磬һԼʲôʲôȫɵ磬Ҳһ硣
⣬ʱҲԸԷˣϴҺŵĺȡ
΢һЩͲżסȥˡ
ǵܵÿ۵ģ֮ǰǲԸСһƽϣֲŰ򣬿ռư֮ﲻ٣ɴȥסõ꣬αҲأ
ңû취ϲϱˣͳˣʡĸСлռ䣬ĶģҲõ˼ҡ
Ҫߣһ͸ֵڷ˵ô¡
ЩӶлλչˣҲõĲˣͲˡֵЦЦƹȥһʮƬҶӡ
ԼĪܶҸһӣ׼۲һ˵ȷʵлˡ
࿴ȥȴСǰҶӣȫûʲôϲãĵĺۿͷӣ죬ϾҪ޳һ
ЩΣ賤ĺÿȷʵĿǾǰͺۿ۾һֻ۾İƵġ
ƫƫÿһۿ־;ɵģüԵġ
ֵܣ˲֪˵ʲô
һƢĸӱƵģһ˲˵
ǲΨһ;ˡ
ЦЦ˵ջҪлľ֮мҹҲСԸСԺҲǱ˵顣
ûסܳȥˡ
ֵһۣһ˳ȥ
硭ܳžͿ±ϥǿ޵硣
Ҫ֪ʮ˶˵ģûôޣЩǰۿ֡
Ӳ˼ǰޣǾͲͳ˰
Ҫ֪ڸô˫ү̲׵סңסôֶͿ޵С
ڶǵôĸôֵȫ˶֪̿Сӵġ
ôˣͿ޵ĸҳ㷹Ƶġ
磬㿴Ҳϲ㣬ֺαءֵôѿ
޵һ٣ûûεĹܵܣĨĨᣬһɵƵĵܵܣת˻ȥ
ϲһʱûϵòϲˣԵȣϲģ
ĨĨ࣬˻ȥ


5׽
ȥʱѾˣ迴˿յķݳ˳͵͵İԵǸˡ
ȥ
಻֪ô£̫ѾڶϷˣҲð˾ŵˣţ㵽ϰȽϺá
ǳС֮ǰ߰ɡ
ʮ߰Ĵͣϲﶼӵˡ
໹û㵽ոճ극ﻻ·ĹѾˡ
ഩʱ򴩵·ϴɾֱ˷ˡ
ۿĿȥСģֹƯ಻ɵò˵Ρ
࿴˿ܣûпǸӲǱ۾۾ĵܵܣһʱҲеΡ
񣬾һԵֱУС۾ģȻǲģҲ֪ôźãСﻹݵʱ
룬ӵڴӿռ˸׹ӳ
лյľ֮СС⣬ɾ⡣վԶĵط׹ӵ˹ȥ
ûӣȴһס
һε̵۾ֱӵģ̵ļһ
ûᵽôҵĸ飬һ֧ŲסȻ˱֧顣
ۿܻͷ֪ΪʲôǸһֲɹʵĸо
һֶԼĺ·һĸо
ò˵ĲоԼһ̶ˮķ·ώе㸴յ˼
ԥԥĸŮһҪˣһѰƿ
̧ͷȦģͷҲģ̧ͷĬĬᣬƯֿޣЩ滨ζ
඼Щ
һֱһˣôֻʹĶˣˣﻹǸǹﳤСꡭ
ԲҲǹ޵ġһ˵һߴ˸ãֱɲԱң
࿴裬۾︲һˮȴϣĹ⡣
ұԼ˵
ûɵģǶһߴһ󱧵ݲ
ͱһ°ɣҲһ⡣
͵͵Ǹİο͹ɣ
ͻȻͨ̾˿˿꣬סϸݵꡣ
оһ٣Ĳ̵һ
ı걧ֱ۸˵㡣
ʱͻ
ʮôͻȻŶ롭
һʱûעŰ˷ֿôô˽ӵӡ
࿴һɫ鲼һУȻ˳ȥ֪Ҫ£
ãû˲˵忰ɷʱ˵ᱻ
࿴˿ԱߺǱɵ˵裬ٿԱ߻ôƵۡ


6ͷ
һӵʱ䣬żҵԺվСŴĴ
Щʮôм꣬ղܳȥǸʮô̽ͷ̽Եſڻȥ
һɨȥվԺﶼŻԻЦĹâ
౻갴ڰϣԱڴ΢̬ȣ͸һЩˣֱӱԺôΧָָġ
磡ִ˽ΧԱߵļô˵ǰżƵô
СӣҴأأ
ǣȻǸûģûʲô
һСûһõģĻû׾͵ˣСġ~
ô
࿴Ŵ߷߲ƽȥˣȴסˡ
֣޵۶ˡ
ôָָָ㣬˵ĶЩҪ»ޡ
࿴۾֧飬ֿӵ񣬿޿ղĿ⡭
ôֻһʱ˱ΪôôɵļôͻȻŶ룬ץš
ȻǿЩʱ򣬽Ҫò³̣Ǳ٣ټˣԺǹĸˣ򡭡˵ᱻ
ϵͳȻС磬ȴѱʲôˣ֪ǰ忰ȷɵ绹Ƿǳ֮ձġ
һЩӵ壬Ů˸ʲôһβӰлŮޣƱҪ۵Ĩȥġ
Ĩȥ۵ķʽȻطŮӻСЩΪĴСǰʩ̣߰˿üĵط֮Ҳżʡ
֪߲˵Ժˡ
࿴һôһڣһϣϸϸߵİһš
֪λүôƺŴ峤ɽСŴĴ峤ͽˡ
࿴˿ԼϵͳƷ·Ȼ
õһɲĳӣɫ͸˵ǳǳǹ˼幤ϸµ壬ļԼ򵥵ơȴһļϸ˿ƣжϸϸչʾ·Ĳ֮
峤۹ⲻƣûһʮ綼ô幤֣
˵ǰ˿֯ƣǰһֻȸһǴ˺챦ʯۡ
֮ˣӦ
ࡣЦЦ


7Լ
峤û˵ͷһ־ͳ˽žһ͸ˡ
һϽȥȴǰͨͨģǿŲ۵ǰ
֪ʲô
࿴裬С޸ᣬһţ˵۹ϣֳ˲ŵľ
ûɵľˡ
ٲԸɻ飬ֱӰ·ϱûʲôȶ»ԼԺҪ֮ˣһֽˡ
ܲ˰ȻȴôʱԸְɡ
ңҪʱûʱҲû⵵ˡ
Ҳ˵Լѵĳȥˡ
ľıȨοˡ
ԵĸоһɣϽܳȥܵߡ
踸ôȥ󣬸ûʲôˣǴô̫ϲ裬ڱӣںò״ŻˣЩֵôٶʲô
үǣŴ峤С۾ʲôһ̶Цۺӡ
ӣǰЩСӳ治С˵·ˣżֵܾ֮СΪԸȢΪޣԸ⣬ڴ峤ļ֤»ԼСӰúճɻ顣峤˹֣ҲǸŴ峤ӡ
ȻŴ峤ĳЦЦļ򣬿֪ͼǺСӣ
ĩ޵ĳԺ˻֣ЩԺͷвסôоɫ˳ȥ
ȥ⿪ӣ˷
峤ҲɫĴżкˡ
յԺӿԭһֺǲһˡ
̾һû߳ɡ
սսվǲҶ뿴ֲңֻίίĵᡣ
һ̾ż˵£ֱ̾뱲ӵˡ
ô磬ȵСֶΣôܲס
̾ˣһһģϸӶĸҶƵġ
˶٣ûķ˿ȥǰİ˱˻
˵˵ҲϲɵִֵСꡣ
ǵԼ֪ٴζ˼ˡ
԰ɣԼ˵ϵͳˣһµˣ˵ĻϲֿɰҲһ
޵۾ģСӣ뱧塣
ˣԼ˵


8
ǣԬС˿һףǸİôһУͥڵľֱĳۣҶ죡һʮ괩ѵŮ˷˸ۡ
⻰һڱ߱˵һпôõӦ
ɲżС˵İɣҲʹպϣһĺǽֽŵİ潿˸ųɾأϹӵĸüһôһ
СҲǸĺõģСţƵģײ۵һȥҪˣҿɲոżԺﱻּһµ˵
˵ǸֵеϵҵĶϱƽʱϲнӣǿżֵ
⻰һЩһµôȻʼˡ
СӣǸͶ̥¸ϲС̥ǰɣҪǳ˵£ͷ͸ɽιȥһϵŮ˽ӻ
ʱվԱߣҲһģȻǲ̹
ôߣ־ǽͷϿԶˣװһá
ͷı˱硣
ÿĵĻǿܽҲͲʲôشˡ
~ᣬŷֲ֪ʲôʱܾܵȻ͵͵ﵽǽͷȥˡ
ļߵǽ϶ſ˸첲
ִȻСûʮͻȻ˵ΣϴЩ֪롣
ԱãȥҵġƽʱƵһθо˶ǽͷˡ
û£ɣǽôߣˤˣҽ㡣һЦЦ
Ǻһɹڵһ迴˿
ЦЦȴûͣ
Բ׼ʲô˼ֻܽӲÿ㣬ȥ

һһֻأʲôûʵ۾üΣһƲνߣעʱƼֱѹͨ˺üͷ
һֱȥñſ˸첲౧˻
Сһ뻳һоݣ
ݵ֣ϸǼӲͬʱǼϸҲ⡭
ֵܶϸݵۡ
ٿԺӣΨһõľǸ˯Ǹ䣬Ǹ΢΢©©ġ
һֵͷתͷͷҲڴ˵Ц⡣
ǣ޹޹ʵģҲ


9
Ȼˣһ˻ǵȥġ
©ˮСҲûʲôˣȱȱġ
ֻ࿴˿ͷϷ̫ԼȥˣԿʼʰӣῪʼ׼ķʳ
δ磬ҸױвУִӳ̽СԴϻ˵ңֻèƵġ
ԡȻû飬˳ֻС˸ӹȥ
մ˹ҡЦ˵ָԼϵ˵ʾ⡣
һӺ˶䡣
𣿡Ǹط
ûע⣬Լճ˹ңֱӲ䵽ϡ
ɵfufuģһ֣ϾȻɿϢ
ǣҵұߣոйңһûеģҲˣ㻹Ӳɣ߶һʰԺһ߻ͷЦ
һȫĲ˼ˣ৵һͷ˻ȥ
磬ﰡŪˣһĹҡ
ĲѾϹǾͲˣֱӴӹ̨ˡ
Ҹ˵ֵ
ȻԹԷϡ
Ȼ־ͿǰһأȻִͲԼӸ˲
šţ
ûʲô˵ӱһͨˡ
ҿ˼ǲ˻ȥǰɣ
磿δġ˵ĪԽԽСʧ
û£δӦòʣҪʣ˵㲻һˡܵͷ
磬Ǹ·ټֵıô£񣬷вɣСֵһᵽʲôб
ȻǱʲô꾫ʲôǰɣ
ֻʶĻˡ
ʰԺĶҲˣӳˮϴ׼Է
ϴãÿСӳĹǰ˳ٿСճһֵĹңϽ˹ϸϸϴϴ
оֵǣСһۣӲĲ䵽ˮϴ֡
ĿСԹԵϴ֣׼ȥڳûʲôҪæˡȴͷһ仰סˡ
ҡ硭ңӱҲСİѹҵ¸ˡСֹ
һ£̶ԵĳЦЦû£ȱһӣҲǹģϡ괹ŵͷ
̧ͷĿ˿һֲۣ˵
ֹ
໹ΪرΣ˵ͷæȥϵӷԺʯͷϡ
ûĵطЦЦ
֣ë


10
׼ȥһˣҪһȥʲôһˡһӰҰˣֵ˵
û˵ǰûʲôĻᣬ裬ȥܸſ϶Ҫˣ
ֵܵͷһõڶɽǱ߰һĴ󼯣ȥǱߡ
߲ϤȻĽ顣
ڶ컹δ˴ʰʰȥϼ
һ˴һӣȥ˴ͷţ
ؽƫسʮأδ˰ܸϵϡ
ţȥسǵҲ࣬һѵôҲûȴʼ˽
ӣţȥԼ˳
һ˸Сţе㼷ˣ࣬谤ģұǸСӲţĵϲ˲ȥ
ιӣҽ£ι~ϲ˲䡣
⿴ںڵġ
򿴵趼ʼˡ
񣬶еҪСƵġ
ûСҲͷܵĵ˵ͷ
δ硭ֹȻҸ㻻ɣ
Сһ裬ȥȴֱվһ˸ա
á֮á
ֱӹ豧˰Ȧ˵˸
СŰɷۿɼˡ
·ɥǻЦЦ
ʲô
һţϳͷһֹҲô徲Щ
˳űϣϳϼҪһͭ壬һһͭ壬ֱӸ
СȴǸ֪ϲ񣬾Ȼ˵ǻ
θ~Сβ̣Ͽ
ĲУõֻ࣬ܵ£Աʲô˵ֵһۡ
Ƿѣûģ˦һ䣬һһߡ
ԭͨ죬ȥ׷ࡣ
λСǷѻûأ˳Ϸ˻Сˡ
Ҫ֪ſǵķãĬǻһָسŵȻǶ
ͭ˵ûСİͭ壬ǾûУСͱҪٽԼǷǷѡ


11Ϭ
ĸһͭ壬˳ǣû߼·Ĩ

µϵ˵СŴĴ峤ǼЩöƤӿɲͨũôǳ·峤жøٰʮӡ
ֻһ·ЩӣǱĵط
ΨһĸҲСˣũͻˣһɲǣسͷǮЩĿС߲ɵͲ͵ģĳ˯˸ͷ
˸ոպá
˴ĵǺ⣬ȴûسǵĿСͱÿϲɣ
һߣֵسǵĴϿʼ
ȥṆ̀ĿǱȽϿܳԵүղصһҵˡ
Сƹģö໰˵һ롣
Сһ̧ۣͿϵǰ˿ΩΩФĿȸͷǿź͸ĺ챦ʯһۡ
ڵ̾ˣˣ·Կ˷Ǹˡ
ϣүȥҼƹģСеĴӹ̨ͷ˵¡
С˺дõĲ裬ȥԺȥƹġ
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·Ӧÿ˰ɣþţŽʾˡĳЦЦ
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һ۾֪ͷ˭µģ˭ˣ߯ʧһϡ
ٿ·ƹЦݸм֡
С϶籦ƹģ֪λմƹ֡
Ҳ˵˵ͷ˻Ӧ
ԽţƹΪǣԽڴᱻѹǮ໹֪ġ
ࡣ
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һ̽ף˲֪õ϶ôˣ˵һѣû˵ȫûʲô𣬵籦ƹķ̽һϢ
֪ιǴ׺̸Ȼ˲Ƶ׶ƹҲ̸ֱӿʼ˵Ŀġ
ЦЦ̫ˣȿ̸˿ɾͿʼԿˡ
ඨãƹȴҸˡ
Ҫ˵ҲʲôҪ֮ЩӾӪ̽ȡ˸Сӡ
ƹ۾һӾͱ˹ȥȻһˮͷɣϸĻɫһۿȥ˾ò򵥡
ƹĺһңϽ˸ɫСȥſڣϸغ˴ȥʾԴ򿪺ˡ
ƹһϵеĶӦ൱ġ
ӾͶˣͷĶǸߵƷĶء
򿪣һ塣
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ö
ƹļʯţԽ飬ˣԽ޲ֳꡭ
ǰö壬ƹĿѾ˵ıˣ
οǰˮͷһ˵󲻾ģƹ룬ʵ۵Ҳ˰ɡ
ѹôõӡ
ƹۣϬ塣ڵĿƹСĹ塭


12ͷɱ
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ǰ
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⡭С϶ֻǸƹģϬֵǣʵǮʾͷƹ֮δ
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Ȼһ׵ӣƹĵȴŽɡ
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ƹ۾ˮͷʵ̹պ͸ոǿϬһģһ
׹ǿϬĸ׹ǿֱӿǿ鱦ͷģӣ׹ˣȵӦó˼۰ɣ׹ǰһͣ˵㵫һˬĸо
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13һƥ
΢죬ͷŰ˻
֪Ϊʲôɫ糣һֱϷ˵ĸо

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ҪǰǰǰӵķȻǲڼϳԶŶӹȥٳԾˡ
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ǰͷʵòֽ˸Ӹûܰͻȥ
СŴ嵽سǶ·ţ϶Ҫɢ˼ӣһζЩʡ·
ﱻҲ֪˶ãһ齬ϴѹʵʵڵģӲֱȽСʴ໹˼졣
ϵͳи׼DDһȫһʣĵùү
൹Ǿÿ仧ؽׯСͲ
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赹ﻹдˣϧ˵ٶȸϲǮٶȣֻۿһѲˡ
ĲˣͷҲƫϷˣ˰ԳԵĶӲǶɴȻȥˡ
һţߣ·ŵʱÿڴͷţŴ塣
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ȻûţһôͿˡ
ϳôɸֵĴߵÿɽ˵ӡ
ϣ˲ٶӿھ˲


14
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ȻģЩҰԵˡ
úýľ費֪͵͵ӵĴˡ
ȥôҲֻʣµľĴˡ
пĹ򣬾ͿԵǳˣһʱֹﶼͣˣֳİĿһʶ˸һˡ
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࿴˺ЦȥЩĴʱˡ
ʱ䣬ȴ˸֮͡


15
峤ɡ
ǿž߲ƵĴ峤ɡ
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һʲ֪һ·϶±ӲǱ۾۾ģĳ¸ڳſߥС˳ſڣ¸ҲûӦģַţˣֻ˺þòŴϱţϳһˮݣ
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Ҽ¸ȥسǸϼ˭֪춼˲Ż˵ȥ·ɥǾԵ޹ʵʱǰһسǣ峤ɷ˸ۣһۡ
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һһɥǡĶð˹ɻ𣬸˵裬ֱ
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ЦЦǵһΪһ˵Ի·еЦ
²ʲôһӰˡ
ٲ
ˣǻһһΣ


16ֽϻױ
ϵͳݣȷʵ˸˵ͷٲ۸˰
⻰һǴ峤һ͵͵ſڳſ͵һ
ǿǾˣ³һٸľӣ
ܹҲǹԻү
赹û뵽ԼȻ˻Ǹү
˱ӵĴ峤ɣ໹뵽ţһŵĵ˻ȥ
ÿĨ²Ĩ
Ҳˡ
磬ݿ˵Ƿǳ֮ˣ̤ͨ·ιֵľүǵĴ˵㾴;⡣
Եģ˰Ѷ̫ߣͬҲߡ
Žܳ͢ĹԡԶӲ跲ş̌Լһ¡
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17
ڶһ磬˸硣
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ôһأгɶܳһʮأ
˵һֱ˰£ιֱӾͰһԹȥˣôܲ
峤ĸںͷֱֲӵʦүֱŤͷͻȥˣֻĸںͷˡ
ãǰ˸ȥԼأʵŵԼʦүԸ
Եĺڻˣʵ㣬üԼصʱҪĶľֱˣͬʱҪһ˷ֳһĶ
ҲǸˡ
Ȼ˵ͷʦү˸Сӡ
峤ͺͷֵһڴ۾ѩǿʮһӣ
˲Ͱˡ
ʮӣֻǴ㣡
Ҫ˵֮ǰеỰҪ˵ڳ۾ﶼֻʣˣǿڿһɽƵģ
קק࣬Ǳ°͵˵㡣
ȴǺ⣬ֻͷȴûʲô
˺죬һ¡
ʦү壬ʮӺǸүϣԲӵͬʱҲ΢һЩġ
ξˣƽеĻȥѰңѵĵģϣξܶ߶ʦү
ٵԼĪһʱȶվˣЩȥص۲ǻˡ


18̸һ̸
Ĳ࣬ԼĪ˰Ķӡ
۱ǧһĶ
ʦү˿ɫûʲôͰѵظඨˣʣµľֻҪǮɽؾˡ
ǲż
ûдôˣֱӸǮһ˶ʦүȴָ
Ȼһɵڡ
ʦүռǵȥýǮ飬ֵߵߵĴһۻˡ
վԭػûȴͻȻһڴΧ
达ӣӵĶ˶㡣
ȴŹ̸ﶼǽѴУ˽ӵĶݣĶĶƵġ
ǣﲻ֪Ҫ˵͵ܵÿαǣС۸ܵܳȥһȦʱˣ
СӲʲôǴСӶ˵ʲôš
üе㶶軤˻
鷳λ·ϵڶûʲôأҪȥˣλи㡣˵Ӳġ
ĽͷûЩûǮʱ۸Ǯʱ׸ƵС˵ġ
ãʹ˲죬͸˵ˣԺӣȷʵûҪʲô
һʱЩڨڨģЩûɫȴԸôᣬӲק˵ʲôԼСȥˣ
У໹û˵ȴͲסе
ô˵Ǵͷһ߻µôڱżҳҶ̵ģûٱôﰵ˵̣ѹϵļôͷɲǴͷġ
ڴͷЩλһСسǵԺͷһͷһ˵ͷСƹģڴǮǿŵģƽһȺôںͷš
ôȷиǧٳĸСϸƤģͷĸ˶˵Ǽ޵ͷĸƢá
ǸΧ˺ü·ԱߵʱСڱȣüͷԵĸȴ¿ˮ
δģǲȢȢҲֲˣ
迴һۡ
ü뻤ˡ
˾ôǣֵ˺һ
ıҵϡ
ˣᣬƫƫСϧÿһޣĳ˺ûбİ취ˡ
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ģĬĬĵᣬ۾ۿһֱӴм޵Ŀͦɰġ
ƫƫ࿴ͷ۵ģܵĽ
費˵
Щ˽ʲô͵ûˣԺŹӣҲͷϣҲܲϣڸЩŵ轲
ҡҡͷžշɽಱ֪ǲǴǵ̼ˣ̵ĸһ
ˣ
ҡҺ͵ܾܵᱻ˵ģΪġһ߿һ˵ſġ
ͷʾ˵
ǡǡǡ조ǡʲô
ʲôలοԵͷӸ˲ᡣ
⺢ӿ޵ǿ
ǡδ磬ʲôʱȢҰ
ˣ˵಻ҪȢʲôʱȢͷȵĴ£
ཀྵ˽ǿлԼģǸܵܵģס
ǳĲƽϲ£飬һӶ1ֻһЩϧһЩԵܵܵϲ
˳ףǼ˵һԼҪϲҲ뵢衭
ƫƫ
ĳɣ޵ĸˣᣬӶʪˡ
ˣǺúһҸط˵вУ⡣
ҲӦÿϲ̸һˡ
ؼң·ȥɽϡ
紺ɽϵŸոðѿɽеͺͺģҰҲͷڵĲ࣬϶ЩܳԵҰݣҲЩ⡣
ֱϯضȻԱߵλ̸
裬Ӧ֪ҶϲǸԵܵܵϲһҪȢ㣬ǵ㣬𣿡˶١
ҡҡͷòеϲܵܵģ
ҡǣ޵ס
δ磬лԼģ˵ͷģϲģررϲһ۾ϲ˵ҲϲҵͷҲϲ㱣Ҳϲ
ۿ购ϽıС˳˳
߶һϲǽ಻֪ǺãСϲٿǰôҵĸ飬ǵһθо
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෴֪˵ʲôˣֻο費Ҫˡ
ȴһ߿ޣһ૵˵һѵϲ
ǰһ飬ǣһεģˡ
ȥҴңΪƸΪ꣬û޵ķǣ˸顭
ܾԼ䣬ܾԼʲôûУǳҪͼģ߲ԣֶԼûУֲ˺ĸ飬ʴԥԥѶϣ֮ǰ绻˸Ƶġ
ǰϵͳ˵ʱ˵ĽݾƫƫǵƴͷѪɵ
ڵ࣬·ǱͿɫʣӰӾ˻
δ硭豧̧࣬ͷȥࡣ
һʱ죬Ǳ֣ȥ
һסˡ
ͷٿ躬ߴӵӣһʱ˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǡ
δ硭֪ڲǶϲҵģǣ˵Ժϲأɲȱ˵۳ЦЦ
ͣˣǲ֪ΪʲôЦۡ
еڣȴҪȥŬ
̸ûдﵽҪĽʵϣ෢Լÿһ̸ﲻҪĽ
֪ôôС
ȥˡ
صңջ𣬹ࡣ
ЦЦȥԼ¡
Լȥ׼ʳ
ֻԼ侲侲ú룬ȥ˿̵ǿ𰡣
硭۾ԥԥʡ
磬ģദʮ꣬޵ʱҲȥôϷؿ޿ޡ
޵۾ףָȥسôˡ
迴ҵܵܣ˸ۡ
û¡
ǡŲԡ
ʲôѲе롣
ҿδǰ·ʪһ顭
裺
Ͷ簸ˡ
ɲ֪ǰ޿СǸðѲ񵶶ȥҰˡ
һ·ʵʵġ


19
ӣû취Сǰõġ
뵽ƽӣûɵĸоͦġ
绹͵͵˼ùĶ֪
Ķţ׼ȣòһ¡
ԴһµʵʵȥջˣʲôҲ˵ˡ
־࣬迴˿ʣµĲˣ˻ƶšعԼһ峴Ұˡ
ȥԷȥʰˡ
δ硭վſڽࡣ
֮ɵģڻ·¶һƬ۵ס
һϽٰ·ϡ
ǱȥתͷĵǱ飬鵽Ķһ鱡ʮ͵ļ⣬֪۾˼֣ɨƵİȫ¶һ飬ȻתȥװʲôûƵġ
һͨĿɹ㶵滨崿ģԼƭԼʶ⡭
໻·һɫ·ǰɫӣʮֵд⣬ϣʱһ㣬迴ֱۡ
봩¶ÿҲÿ·Ҳÿ
Խ룬ľԽ졭
˳˷ţѾӣںΰ꣬˶ˡ
־ӵһߣڵ
ͨͨģǷ·ҪѪƵģҲЩĲȻ
֪Ϊʲôֿⳡ棬һ뷨۸ˣռ˼δıˡ
ֵĶ棬ֱߡ
ĬĬĸԼһӳҰˣĬĬĸһš
ˡ
˻ɢȥϵĺΡ
ȻͿʼסĸвˣڹڻּеǿƵġ
ЦЦÿ϶Լʶ⣬׻Сһɻеɰ
ţͦɡ
˷ȥʰϴˢԱ߿̡
ѧ𣿡һ߿һ߸˵
Сʵô˵ĬԵģɵۡ
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ϲϲ̣δûʲô£Խ̽㰡ͣ£̧Сͷ
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࿴˿ֿ֣˿ɵ𰣬ͻȻСҲǶʱ򰡣
𣿡ʡ
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ȷʵ֣֮ǰǲ㶼ҪǮȥѧ
ңǳǮǴҲͼ˶ѣǿǷǳļҵײŹġ
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˵ͷСͷ
ţʱʱ䣬ͷ׮пôȥˣȡ֮ڵͷæһĺǣųͷͭɫƤϼ࿴Ҳһʫһ⾳
еǣ㵱˽񣬱˿ɳʯ⻰ûģ࿴űȻԵãͷĺӿľͲ㾰ɫˡ
ȿ࣬һѣͷ˰˿ȥɫǹǶӸǷѽӣɫžܶһĻˡ
⻹ûʲôϾڴ·һֱһɻĸоĸ
Ҳǲµĺӣ
ƽ￴ӲģеĻÿȴһƤӶûġ
һ·ӣкҲǳ࣬Ȼȫû˴С
һȦʳѾֱӷչĸ첲ˣССһֻ첲Ϲţȥ˼֡
ںͷһԸһԸоԼģе㲻ʶȤ˳
ۿе죬һ߸һ߸졣
ʵͦģССһֻ˼ڵ̯˷ǰջֻ࣬ҪĻȫȫľˡ
˵ĴƯ簲ңȫкθкܵͣôһ˵ȫȫ࣬Ĳôеֿ
ȥʱѾȫͷתһ˻Ƶ˼ûˡ
ںͷһ·ӣİϷУֿһԻӣֱ뽲
˼ңȴѾ΢΢Ĳˣ˾׼ϴϴ˯ˡ
ϴ˸ս裬ɴϸϸĴĥ
ãƥǳɫĶѣЦᡣ
δ硭߶վſڡ
˱Ÿͷ裡


20Ը
ܸоҹ͵͵ܵɴ˯ţһͦͷˡ
ȻСܵĹСҪ԰ؽڱ֤ףǣһͲסˣ̲סͷࡣ
δ硭С٣һֱġ
δ˷飬û˽ֻûСֱ
β壬𣿡
ô䣬ȥ˯
δ磬جΣˡɲԡ豧ͷȦģ̧ͷ࣬۾ģС¹һ峺
ܵܵĸо
ùԣȣÿɰ
ɲԡδһ˯Сߵͨ졣
ܵһ
ԥһ£⡭
迴ԥ룺δ硭󡭡úڡ
֮ǰΪʡǮ̫ɽ֮ǲʲô˵ģֱӾ˯ˣˣϾ͸ƣȴûеģʱȻڵġ
躦Ҳ
ȻѵùȥҾ˯ˣҲòţȥ򼸸ٴЩͻӣѿ̵ʯ
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ཀྵһ£Сĺ󱳣С·ϡ

һסˡ
δ硭ǲǡǲǡ¡
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ǲǡҲеϲҡͨ죬Сȴ͵͵ࡣ
ţšŰɣһβ֪ô˵źá
ȷʵһģȻֻҪǲϲģǿҲ˽ġ
಻֪֮䣬ѾദĽ޴һˡ
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ࣺۣɰС
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ǣδ粻Ҫ˺òãȢҺòã豧಻֡
Ƶģɰȸ
˵ͷȥ￴Сģšһ
ֻҪԸ⣬ڵĻ


21
þõİ໳ﹰ˹ȴʼûſࡣ
ã˯ΰ֮䣬һӬƮ
Ը⣬ڡ
͵һ飬۾ֻ¶ͷ迴ȥ
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룬ˡ
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˾һƾȻô˯˹ȥ
ȴǷȥ˯ţһҽһᵣ᲻᲻ϲһֵʲô³
ʮС꣬оԼǲģ˯ȥȻѾҹˡ
ڶһ磬ȴǸԼԼջɵģҪӡ
౾ǼƻȥðȦصǮһԽڿֻȡгˡ
ë˲װɫϸߵǺÿ̽ͷ˿࣬һʱ䶼˹ڳĲˡ
硭۾Ȧ˵޾ɵģˡ
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ͷףƵģ¡¡ɢЩؼҲˣϵһˮʫ续ٿ裬ྪ㵵ķľȻоġ

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δ磬ǷŲ¡üͷʵ࣬Ҿͻϴ·أȰ
ԸûҪ
һҲüٶһԼʶİˡ
Сʱ֪˵˸ؾһСѾ߼ǺңˮͶ˰ҩʹһ߿ȫ͸͸ġ
ʱ죬ֵʱ˶ˣģӰ֮һأ
һҲؼҸ֪ʲôƽеİˡ
δһҪ򰦡
ͷ
Ҳǰ롣
˾ǲÿµ³̫ۣûǼûЩط˯ȴûҪô˻ȥ
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˵ǾֻܼҰɣ
ܼҵĻҰԺɽͼֽˣʣµľͽˣҲʡ񡣡ԺҰջɣ
ʱѾߣ໹ǲۣСʮߣִǿǲŶУɲƵģȴ裬ԼĬĿһңܷſ֪ˣȴһ㡭
ȴࡰһջ𡱵һ
ǿǾүôĴֻأ
УԲУ
ôУְ֣ջأδ
ʱҲ࿴飬ҾͰջҲۣܲͿСææģҾţˣҿԷҪƤϣ࿪Ц


22
ȦȴеˣͻȻЩί
಻ϲˣֵܺǿģÿ춼±ϣҡҡ׹һһСľ͵ԨͻȻһ죬һ˵ǲ࣬˵Ҫ
ͻȻĸо
Ȧ죬͵ģͻȻ뱧һࡣ
ϲδ簡
Ȼûкɫ̧ͷ
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ҪǲδæδҲԲĹɱδ˱ӣ۾ſɾͲÿ˰ıο˻Сްһ裬һΡ
ô죬һˣԣɰϲԼδĸν̾
δ硭Ͻߺ࣬Цˡ
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֪֪֪۾ﲻĺ޲ᣬһֱůůĵ⡭
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ǲǡδǲеϲأ
˵
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ȡҪҪʲôཀྵӲתƻ⡣
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ٶվ͵ÿȥſںšƹüЦǰԼ·ӵӵĺˣǿϬιӿǧ򱣹ܺã⼸ռҼٶҾ͹ȥ
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ȴƹǱ߿һۡ
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ƹ۴һ裬ȴǿûʲôĸȻ׹һ壡
ɫ񹤻и˵ĸоóǿϬһģӳƵģ


23
ƹ˶٣ĿһӶ
ƹ񿴵ףǿ壬ϸģֵҲӦϬֵǮĶ࣡
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δ򡭡
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ЦЦһ˴Ӻͷ˹̶ڻͷţĿһŵĲˡ


24ٷ
δ硭̵ģֲ˼ߺһ£ȴǲòҲû
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ѾͷӣȻֱӴȥˣûȱ˸ɻ
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ιӰŴڳſڵϰ죬ȴţ˳ǡ
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ٷɣѾͷ迴òڡ
ͷͿ֡
ҡ費˼ĳ˳ࡣ
ûгס


25
صң̫ȴѾƫˣԶԶͿſš
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Сͷ˳Ȼַ˳
һǶˣһΪôأŴӹȥҳԷҲ֪ģˡСԾͺ˵ƤĲУ˵˲֪һźá
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Ŷ˸磬˭תͷţôһʮŮӡ
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ദôãҲˣֽСƵģͦɰģǵΪ磬ܸƴ˳ëۣܳ㡰Ľأ
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ˡ
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˳ȥˣ࿴ŷϴˮȻ㿴Ҳ˯ˣȻ·ȷŷţȻȥϢŰɣӦðˮҲҪȥˡ


27
ʾûȥˡ
һ˯˯ţҹ˯ȥɲϻصޣȵģϵôġ
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һߣͿʼˣ͵ڶˣǿ֢ʾ̡

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28
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29
Ŵ
Ļֱȥ˹ϵȽõļһ˼ҡ
˶ʮˡ
˵ʵ˽ӶรͷֵĴ˼ңͷˣҪ˻ǳƲ϶ѡ
ֻһϣ鷳һǮɵ¶
˼ңͼȥ·ȥˣ˸ܵŵ̵Ĺߵӡ
衢ʱһ߰ϲãͱȽϲ̡
ռ乤߲ȫָһѣ㹻ʹ졣
΢΢ů趼յģֺ֪ǣææ߶߶ʰ⣬Ÿæȥš
ƹĺһƵꡣ
к
ιӣþòƹĻ˻֣Цļۡ
š֧ʹ֪ȥ˰ʡ
ûֱ£Ҳû˼·°ڶϵˣ࿴ЦЦ˹֡
࿴ţȻƵ꣬ȴʮֹ
ҼүϬģιӲ硭ƹЦշƵġ
ЦЦҲֱ֣ӾͰǿ˳
ͷɫһ㣬ƯһۿȥϲĲС
ۿɼģ۾
ιϲ̣꿴Աɢӣ籦ٶػ񡣡
Ŷԭعӣ棬򷢴ʱ䡣ѿ̵գػۼ⣬һۿȥüѿ̵ûġ
ιӴšػЦЦ
˺һ๧ά
ǿǱػ񿪳˶ʮһĸ߼ۣûʲôԾˣ廹ʤܹϾˡ
ػңһִ󷽵ĲУԱǼ۸۾Բˡ
һֽǮһֽǢĽ̸˽ס
ѵιӵĵ񹤣ػ´
鲢񡣡ҡҡͷǡػһ¡
ػ񿴹ȥ۾סˣ·һ˱飬鶯ػ۾ͻȻúʲô鿪ˡ
Ĳ˵ǿػǿõö࡭
ιӣ֪ۼۼΣؼҲҪػһͷ̫ǻϲĺö
ҵ˵ģôعӲᡣۣİ˰֡
ҲȻعӵ̬ȣԼǿ˵Ҳһ־Ƕʮۣδģġ
ػﻹǴҪǺô˳㴥ùͷˡ
֪ιӻб𣿡ػ˹֡
ֺöƣȥ߶ΪƷԣػ뵽ؼҸһ¥ĳ档
ʿụ̃ؼĩβ̣ؼǮ챻ЦһͭζﶼǮӣֻҪѹͷļλˣۣǵλϲȥ
ػ̲ס˶
ʱûˣֻӣδꡣû˵ԼЩ
ҪЩ׼ׯӸǺ˰ׯͷģôǮҲۣһׯӾܸǵƯƯģͲˡ
ǲȻڴ˵ȼգιӵһȥػƤ
࿴˿ػҲû壬͵ͷ
ػϴЩϲ⣬׼ôߵ³Է
廰ˣȻӣһ׼ߣʲô֮׼ʱһС಻벻㵽


30
ݰѿ̵£ģϲϷ㣬ֻܳȥдһػƹˡ
԰æˡ˸Ӻһɾľ
ഩǴϵͳռһѣ尵Ƶһһģȥһֺԣ
գػûмôƯϸ壬ػϵ·һ˴ߡ
һۿȥǾóƵϹһеġ
ڡӡŸæһˣ
ػеá

໨˵㹦̻ػˣһһһһˣ˺ԵΣȥʮƽڡ
ιǰǣػ棬̲ס̽
֮ǰ٣ҵ񡣡෭˷ϵͳϢشһ
Ŷػˡ
ʵ񺿽У̣ʼҵķǳ˵ģûһȵ
ҵɻС
ҪǼҵû䣬ǲǳŶûƽ̺·
Ĳ֪ʱһˣǲŽһҡ
ƬҶһ棬Ūԡ࿴ػԲεĿ˵˾䡣
Ȼ޼׵һ˶£µĻҲöģػҲˣһֱӰѲ˶ȥˡ
һӳ̽ͷʲô
û£һ档ڰʾûʲô¡
ǰѲóɣֹôÿأ費ͬĿ˿ࡣ
û£˵ҴСûأͦġػԵЦЦ
˼ҿ˶˵ˣȻҲû֣ȥЩʱȽϳĲȥˣ˼һӲս
ˡػЦǿűȥĲ˻
üðβ˵ҲԳڵϹ˺üȦĲˡ
ֱһӸˡ
ػð̣ܳȥѲ˶˼ԡ
ϡ顭ػ˿ԼļСԳ
ҲǾź棬ӲҶĳӣػȻԼ˲ˣ̳ͲػԼ²ӡ
軹

˷ػʩʩȻıŶӴż뿪ˡ
ͷػһߺȲʳһ߸ƹ졣
൹Ǹˡ
ɲǡ
ԽԽԶػ˯
ҲóԵػһ䡣
ʳػ񣬳ԵĶǶԶ
ǷɵǸ˵ġ


31
ڶգ΢΢ĻůŴ嶯ܿ죬˶ˣͺһɽȥˡ
ְӲݣɽߣҪĸɸɾġû˵Ҫ˳
һٶˣǺӣͷССģվǰ滹ͦġ
СָһȺƵġ
ĺǱ߿ȥֻ΢΢ͷͬ˵
ģһĸɸɾġ
ţǿ϶ġ
洫Ӧ
ЩͦԾˡ
˵ͷͬŴ忴˵۹⡣
þ꣬ʮһ˽һǮ꣬һ˽Ǯ꣬һ˽ǮԱĲ
һϲӦ
迴˿һۣ֪ôģۡ
ԡ
һʮѾǷǳ˵ģԵ޹ʵĻʲô
лɣȻǮﳤġ
໰˵ȥˣȻȥǮδ׬ģôô
û㽲ãֱӾŴȥɻˡ
ֻǡ
ະסȥĲ
˳ְҲһȥָ˻
ȥü
ȥɽȻ˵סԼʲô
ߺͷĴҲԵĿࡣ
һ˸ɻǱȻᵽһɻ˳๤ġ
ôιûһɵ˼żҵĸҲסˣ
ôˣĶõǣһץһŴæžУǻȥɣ
費ģȥ
θ磬ȥһ¡
ϧģֻܸƵҵȣͦЦġ
òǣôأҲԼĪżվˣأɽ䰡һקһקˡ
żû뵽Ǻġһĸ̲ס
ã˵ȻǶӣǷȴǸ첻ߵģһȥǷ޼ɵﶫֵĵ֣ﲻҵĳȥģʵֻʣǽ˸ӣ꣬ζûŹû취ָֻԼ
ʮֲãȴϣҲãĲĺ类˸һܣϣ˶Ŀ࣬ȻҲĿôеƽС
ϧˣɷô裬Ȼ˸бѧʶǮ˼ҵĹӣ
ŵζŴ忴ȥ
˸ɻʵʵģ𾡽˼ҵͷӡŴ徯ĿͷЩˡ
ã˵˵ˡЩ˸ϽͬʱźۼǸԶ˵㡣
ֻ˵ݿڣô׾Ͷסˡ
Ȳ˵ιӺ裬§§ڱץǿǻǰ࣬Ҫģ˵ιȻŶСס˼ǻûء


32
˼ңСԺһžͲˣǰĻӴ򷢴ʱ䡣
û취಻ˣѾˣʵʵ·Ժ
ȴеģҲˣԺҲɸɾģûʲôҪɵģŸոջ·֪ȥϴˣзڣ֪Լø
࿴Сţְ̧øеǰ
㿴һ֣֮ǰһЩ֣㿴Ӧû⣬Ųľҡ
áŻӣŵˡ
ſ飬ǲǵȥ΢΢ůϣ迴ţһá
δá
ǹЦ⣬ϸܵķѡ
ˣ֪͹ʲôѰ˼ϲʲôһ˳
ϲԣȻǵ赹ҲϲԾһһ룬ֶ֪зݣָжл
мˣƶţͷնһ
߿ζǱȽصģܷĶ˲ģͦ·
ֿһӣûٿˣĹ¡
һһСĹ£Ƚ׵Ĺ¾飬Ͽ˸С㣬ĽϲǱСļɹӭȢСĹ¡
һԲĽ֣ȴ֪Ϊʲô
θ磬Ҳ𣿡ͻȻǸˡ
ûСϿĻӡ
־ȣΪδôǸˡ
˿ʿʱ˾ͽнһû͡
Ŷǿ˽ʿ˵𣿡
ţ֣ٶʮ꺮ΪľǷʱ򡣡ི˽Щ״Ԫ¡
棬һ֪磬Ǹȴ
ڰϣŻӣһεһɼΡ

ǳԷһֱ֣һȥϴֳԷˡ
ЦŰÿһ뼦ǰ
Ͼ˵ͣûĵ׺ˣۻϲŵԵĿġ
״Ҳͦģڳææ߶߶ģϣϲԵĿģҲΪ
ֳ˵ĨĨ죬˵˵Ľ£㵸ġ
Щ֪ĶҲĿģʱʱֵܼ˵ˣ˿ڵġ
˷ͽָ
ò˵ַһȤּЩʶҲǼǵļ졣


33
˯ˣֵϵһƧȥ࣬಻˵ŷ˶˯ˡ
磬θ˯˰Աһ߷·һ˵
̧ۣ۾ëһƬëİӰ
˯ðˣϾȻѾʼůǱȽϻеģഩĲһΣˡ
֪ˡѷĲֻһţȻȥ˸̵ıӸˡ
飬֪룬ȻҪﰡ
磬黹𣿡
ûδ˯ˣˣȥȥɣ̫ãͻ˰֣ʾָϽߡ
ֱ飬Ҳ벻ȥ棬Ҳ벻ȥ˭
û취С󣬻ϴͬĺӶ˽ˣ˵ɨǣܺҲûʲôѣҲûһģԾǴɽȥˡ

ȴɹ̫߿࣬߷Ǽ׼ѣŮ첻·ܿ죬ϸϸܵģͷǺÿ
ģȫˣѣ໹˯ţϷ˱ȡ
ǳǳɫƯǳʺ࣬౾ȽϰףǳɫҲԵúڣ嵭ģֲݣųƵһ˰ɡ
౻·˵̫ǰһתѣͿ·ڱȻ
ţ·˰֧һֱֻۣ
һһţ·ŵıϡ
δԲ𰡣ʶ㳳ˡϽ·
û£ҲˣȻ˯žˡ˰֣ƿȥǼѡ
ŶãĲˣҸһ£ûҪĵġ·˹ȥ
룬趼Լˡ
δ磬ҸһӰɣʵĵطҿóұȽϺøġ·˹
á಻ǿԼȵĻȷʵеĵط
ſֱۣȶԡ
䳤ããδ᲻գϱȶԣôԣʵĵطһĿȻȽϺá
൹ûխȫ
뱧ȶһĵط÷һ㡭
δϸֻ֣֣ܿƵĽűȶԵĹ䰴˼£˵͡
һܾñ谴ĵط·̵һϣ˶ӣ糺һƬ
һ
Ȼ˵ɡԵѽȥˣ迴糺Ķӣһʱ䣬е졣


34
ĥĥİˣ룬ְͷڳҲһˣϴڳĲô
ͷͷƮҲƮݲеֵֹģɲô
˱ȽϱڴȻеǴǼǳɫͲԵˣһһˣ˵渡ѹһ
һȥ۾ճˡ
û취֮ǰ·ֺأƾ޶࣬Ƚ϶ȽϺǿͻȻ䴩ᱡûƵһѣƷһĺÿ
ҪδÿʲôÿȣҲÿ
δÿһȦ
೶˳ϵѣͬ佱
ǵȻʱһ׳ʢԡ
šЦĿ˿ס衣
·ߴ׼Գˣϸϸ磬迴žʹȥһѡ
ǨDDУ
δ粻ܴȥ
ÿǺÿҪҪһ㣿谵һ㣬ҿе̫ˣ
ͷ˿ȷʵϸҲòʣֻԼϸû취ڵʱԼһͷٴֺÿҲþһүϸˡ
û£ʱԼͷãøˡ˰֣ͦ·
ʱ򿴵ģϸϸܵģһҲܣߴҲúá
಻ɵÿ裬ﱻСůһͿ
ãǾͲˣ·ʣ²ӣȥĥĥӣʣµ¸һ°ڵĵط
е㲻ڵĶ˶٣ˣҾȥˡ
ŶãҲǣ컹أδȥˣˡǹպòá
˵ʲôҲûϣȥȥˡ
ĻͿʽ
ţֻˣһ
磬㿴һץ㣡־ģβ͹ֵĲӡ
ֱβͱһӵȥˡ
ȥˣû㣬϶ζ߿ӻûʰء
ٺ٣ȥθɽԱߵȥˡֹɵЦЦ
㣿֣ǲҵȥ㹳ȥˣתԼٵǸ롣
ⲻһ𣡡
ЬҪ¡
ɣóˣͷһ㡣
θ磬Ҹ۸أȸ״
ߣһ뱻õĻʣ㻹ãЬӳ
ԣ룬ʲôʱܸδ


35
סСƢһӲŤ
˺ˣǸ룬У෢Լĳ
ˣ̫鷳ˣʣһأһۡ
̲סЦ˶СһһĹĵģһƤһһ

΢΢ڣɽɽİ﹤ˣһȺˣСԺģ칤Ǯ
ǰ˵ˣһһᣬҲСֱӾͰ׼˵ӸŴ塣
һٶŵˣһһʮģҲӣһ㶼ûԥ͸ˡ
߶ڣҲǸ̾ͶĵһٶˣһɻĹǮȲѡ
꣬ͺˣ֪Ҳˡ
Ϳʼ׼ˣˮˮİˣֻҪ˾ˡ
Ҳкˣ˵ԷǱڹͳĶ˵ֱӾܳˡ
ĸ
նС飬ϴɾˮ¹̹ˮȥȥѪĭнƬ
㹽ݺãСģ߹ײ㣬η㹽飬нٵˮΣл1СʱƿӣζƯԺӶǵġ
֪ǰС岻ãˮˮˣζ˱ǣСž;öĲˡ
̣һ̳ˣһ̴лۣ㣬óԵĲУҲŵ٣࿴ý塣
ȴְֵɱ˲ˡ
ϾҲãûŰɱˣˣѪͷζأ˾Ͳóˡ
һͮͮƬ
㴦ɾеͷƬƬ˳·бдƬмǶɶҲһ𣬼Σ塢Ͱȣӡ
ˮѰײҶ̳ףٰѴжη档мͣһЩС㣬ȥϣһһʢãһ͡ʣµͣ뽪ⱬ㣬ټһݽԳͣټһˮôУƺõƬỮɢУ֭ٴηںòȥѪĭһͰõƬ߲˵ĴƬϴлٰʣµٴμȣȻдлƬϣʱ֨֨֨˱Ƕ棬һƬˡ
ֲˣǰҲĳԲ𷹣־;ץԣҲǿȣͷ֣Խ㱾ζԽֵ֮³ֻһ
Ϊչ࣬רŸĿǰһȵİ׿ˮ


36
ٷԵеţǵƬȻеܲܣǣһ׿ˮСƬ
δϲ𣿡Ƭ
˿׷ӶȾĺˮƵĺÿǼģȻе
һ£δ糤Ǻÿ
ţĺóԡͷĳա
ܺģ´ȥ㣬ʵĲ㣬ԡЦ绨
˿ѹһ⣬ֵĵıҲʾ

극ʱ˯ˣԵƬθе㲻˯˾һҹˡ
δȵˮѹͺˡһµİ׿ˮ
θʵôۣе㲻ȥͲôˣ˿̵ڵ¿ӡ
δ粻Ȼ˯ɣﻹ𡣡赹еԴҲ˯
𣿡̧ۣʲô𣿡
ţӦеһŶԡ
һ﹤ȥɽɽǵȥϹ費ԡ
£һ㶫ҲҪȥˣڸɻڼһ๤δ絹Ǻã๤ȥˣ˼˶ûȥ
ǱŴ忴أΪǽǿ϶˭ģǾͲôȥˡȥΪһϲƣÿ첻˯ڶ̫ôǵϲأ
Ҫͼһһ׼ϲƵˡ
˵۾ϸô£һʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǡ
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룬Ҳ˵ˡ
ǡδ磬׼ǼʣµӸ㿴ʲôӺͻͣЩӸ࿴
൹ϸĿ˿˸򵥵ƣǸǳɫӦòŶԡ
֪˽˺Щ
˵ӼҵҲֵģͨв͸֣ǸûֳɵƺõƤˣͷҲֵģһ˵ز񲯴Ƚܻӭˡ
ֱӾ򵥵Ĳˣĥۣ׺мˡһ¿ռϡ
һָǼɫȽʯϿĥۡ
Ŷãмطŷ𣿡ڲϱȻһ´С
࿴˿Ǻ۵ĴС࣬͵˵ͷ
Ͳ˵ˣͷú˲ϣͿʼϸϸķ
˶ĵͷԼ飬ȴһ㶼Եһůĸо
һӾͻһ£ȻϸϸıһһεЧҪǲУ϶ϸϸķ
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ȻǻԼ˯ģҲѾˣͲˡ
ͷһţű˯ĳġ

ڶ죬Ȼ.ϲ.Ȼ˯ͣͬҲ˯ذֱȥ޾ɵϴ
´αô찢δ˯ˡ
ַ߷߲ƽһˣȥɽϿϹתһȦһ¶ˮθ绹˯أ
θˣԴθˣ˯ͣˣ𣬶ڿһСӣ
ʲôʱ˻˯˸ӳԣǰڿģθѧ˯Ͳ𡣡
ɹܺԼɣ϶־˼ײףδҪġӲ˲
㲻ǳԹ緹𣿡迴յԱһοаӡ
ֶ˰ְӶɽɾȥˣֶˣĹƵġ
˾ȥһ߶ȥûȥ飬δͿ㣬ҪǲúõѧûȥҾ˳ָӽ϶СȥҪȥ˱ҭŵһۡ
֪˨DDֿ˿ȣģǻش
봸ƤһıĶȥˡ

緹аȣֳֻպ˵һ뼦衣
жΣһƬϷˮ󣬵һСͷۣˮûõͷ۲裬ˮļãͣΣһζ
ļ輦Ͳ̫̫ɢŨůһھ
үϲͺã¼λүû࣬ݵ˾ûζɳˣ򵥵ļ裬үҲֹؾصģһ˫ȽϳĿӸСװӺȣ˸СӸʢ˵һԵպϡ
ͦõģδҲҲϲһֶСӣһպϵӣŲ֪ĵߵԺϳ緹
ֻպϣպ϶˵ȸոպãر㣬ٺòˡ
պպϺóԣպպҲóԣ赹պϽȥҲǺóԵĲУ
ĺļ裬Ӻůθȫպϵļˡ
ĺܺó԰˿ʰŶ·
үϲͺãһʼԲϰߣϲءЦһӡ
᲻ᣡպáĳһȡ
ԵʲôԵɵɵĿڳԶö
Ҹ֮˯ͣоһ͡
óԵĵʳá
Ȼм衣ҧһպպϵİӣֵպϺܺóԵģδԳԳԿ
˵ͷȥ׼õϴƷȥϴȥˡ
ǸպȷʵʮֲģҲôá
ȷʵóԣôģһżС
֮ǰʶһоģһ;òѧˣĽ˼Σ֪ѾͷϲĲˡֺǺǵġ
ܾݴĩͷƤģƤ飬װ룬ЩΡ͡״ףЩۣȹͣȺڣ߰Ⱦͳˡְ䷽˵ˡ
ǲѣĥһ£Ѱ˼պҲԣȥҲһʱԵĸˡ
ػҪӿˣˣǾȥȻӴô໹ʣû񣬵˵Ҳһʱˡ
롣ಹһ䣬ˡ
ȻתͷͿЦĲС
δôô


37
øʱȫ׶ˣӨ۵ĺڰӣÿһŶ˵
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ػмģôСطֵС·߿͹ҲûʲôʵСػʵǶȥˡ
ȥӵô˳㻹ٲһ緹Ҳ
ػ⣬˸Ϊ󣨺ԣȥСŴ塣
簢ػһͿԺԷ
šعΪ£൹ǲôػ
ôػ˸߲ҵ߽ȥԺԵͻͰ
ķ˿ڼ衣
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ˣø㿴ķ
ãҲһģȳ԰ɡػûԷأҲһʱ
ȴǵӣҲûʲôϵķͽٶ˵ԡ
˱߳Ա˵౻ػ񷳵ĲУԲˣػͰͰ͵ġ
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´θʲôóԵĶɱʹػ֮ǰ׼´εĸһԤˣǸĻҪĻ
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ò׸ߣͷͿſվſ۾·˵ˮ⡣


38
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鷿ŵƿ飬עųǱߵһӵϵ̽˸Դ


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׻˵ҹζ࣬Ǻ޲ھ͸ףǣѾ˵ˣׯӸǺ˾ͳףҲǰó˵죬δΪ޼޲֡
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41
˿׼ع⡣
мˮϾƣˮ8죻ƬͷϸȣһͣƬƬͣƬƵһߣͣͺ󣬺ƬȣǵζͿˡ
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͸ĬĬ̧ͷ࣬ԽԽ졣
ðΣϸϸ˸Ŷ֡

ʱ򣬴峤ɲôг
峤ӣŴ峤
ǾһӰǸòиϲˣȥ̽̽˵˼ԸȥǲǷҪƵǼҽŵ׶Ӽ޸ͷʳĲɣ峤Ӹ峤ĭĬĬ̵Ĵ峤һ
¿޿ģŲԸ¡
㲻ԸҾԼȥżСϵһȥǼ£һҾͲ໹ܷǼȥѡǸɥӣ峤ɱƢ峤˸ӴŸƨҲǻˡ
ҡҡ¶ţ˵˵ž
峤ƽΨһĶӵģסæ¡
ĲУҲԸȥൽǸүϿйٵģ˿ϣҾһССĴ峤ܱȵ𣿡峤֮鶯֮ȰƢĸ
ܣδϲҵģ׿ڸ˵ģ϶δǱɱˣ϶ǲϲҵģ²಻ϲ
δÿμرģһЦأ
裬϶Ϊ裬δϲԼͲȢǸɥˣһǵģ
峤˿ȥһʺòãҪٲУҲû취ˡ
峤ɺЩЦ⣬ʼˡ
ʱҪǼ޹ȥɱһʼżιӵľˣͼ֮
峤ɺĵ˸߲ҵģƣϵģ¾Ҫȥμˡ
ģ峤ûôˡ

գͿʼ滮ׯӵĲͼðѸƿ͸ÿ滮ã쿪ʼ
ĴǣɽŵĵȦǽҰޣȻͷƫ֮ĽɽţȻɽڣһȦһȦĽķӣȻ󶥲ڵػݡ
ɽĸ߶˵ΪɽȣҲ߰ȦӣΪҪɽȻݣ㣬ҲͽĲ
ּֽʺʯҾɽˡ
ǹͦóԵأÿ˪Ҷժ˳ԣժܷźþõģȻҪˣƵµĵطȥва赹Ƕеˡ
ãƸһ㣬߻ӣ͵԰ˡͬ⡣
Ǻû᲻ܶడ赹û뵽ôֱʣһʼֻΪɽ¸ǷӣȻɽͿţû뵽ӻܸɽȥˡ
û£ʱ򻮺õطй԰԰ٸ԰Ӻòá
ллδ硭졣
ߣڲҪϻ˸棬ҪߵϾͻȦʱҲ˿˾֪ô졣
ȻСɽſźСѼӻж죬ʱ죬ůˡ滮Ź滮ž͹滮˶
ЦıǼ⡣
һƬҲˣʱ򻹿ԷһЩȽϺóԵ㣬ػǴ֡Ĺ滮
ػڲ֪ʱ򣬾ͿʼҪӲС磬ڸֶصѹļ򳤡
ʱѼŹ԰žУԿԳĺܺõġδĹ滮
ţһʱһԡͷЦЦһɵ硣
ֱһ£ĻģĹ
ԺĲԸһ鷿֮ģЩ飬ռ䷿ͼݳҲʱֿ鶼ˡ࿴˿Ļ
ʱͷǻ԰ӣԵѧϰĺõط
Ҫô𣿡Ǹˡ
ţ׻˵ʮ꺮ʥ飬Ҫڿƾмո¶ͷǣȻǵöˣʱҲ飬ʲôĴ򷢴ʱ䶼׼ļͼݡ
ͷݣ׼չңͷľͲضͻˡ
Լϲ֮Ŀӣɵõģ໹еСء
Ͼ֮ǰڸƮ˵ǵƯĸƼûиҲûмңдٵط඼ǲˡ
񣬱ϵͳϣƮҡͣһ֡һҵĸо
ڣҪԼһ̶ļˣ룬ﾹȻһЩС
šһңһȺܻԼϵˣԼԺЩڴ
ͷڴɽ¿࿴תЦġ
ˣҵͼֽˣ裬ǾȻȥ˰ɡ֡
գգ۾Ȼĵץ֣Цķ·콵ڱͷһ
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42
ڶ죬ȥŴ壬æʮˣɽϵŲŲÿĿˡ
֦޼һ£ĵطҲҪһЩĵطҪôԶ˱ȴŰ׵ĳȡ
ҪƵҲû٣󲿷ֶ໹ǴԼģܹҪƵҲʮõӣĶҪڵġ
ȿٰ֮ѸڵڸɾЩͿԡҪǲܸߡ
ãҽ֪һ쿪ιӾ𣿡ŴҪ㶼£ȻѰ˼ĺѡˡ
ţϴҪıȽ϶࣬һЩЩ˾ȥɡ˸
Ŵȴʶֵģһ۾ͿĶЩ͵ˣˡ
Ŵװ׵ĿǴ󲮼ҵӼǸĴﶼ棬ʱҲͲ˵Щˡ
ģĶЩʵɻġŴظ֤
֮ǰʱΪҪҲȽ϶࣬ŶˣҲûжɸѡЩ֪ƽʱɻر͵ˣȽˣĵû̽ɽ죬Ŵ๤˭ʵϸɣ˭̤ʵ죬ǿģӵǴﲻϲġ
ǲ֪ҲûôɽȥɻʱҲЩһһ˳๤Ҳ֪Щ˲ʵ
ţɽϵ¶ͿŰ˰ɣҿʣµʵҲˣҪȫŪãǾһ˶ǮˣŴĻһΪæ๤Ͱæ˵ĹǮ㿴У൱˦ƹģȻķ
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ŴҲûһӵǮƵˣֻﰵľһҪúõİιӼ๤ЩúøɵĶ߳ȥźá
߰¶Ŵ˵ˣͻȥˣȴԺ˸ˡ
ƹģԺͷŵ˴˸к
Ҳӳˣ˺ˮ̡
ţδˣƹĵ˺һأǱߺȲ߽Ѳˮϡ
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£Ҳ˱š
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ʮȷһ£ͼֽûУ
Եģͼֽˣһ̨ƹĵͦ˵ģЦеġ
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ƹܵ˿ùͼֻֽǾĶãƵĺÿĲС
ι˵˵ףûȻƹĵǫ顣
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ƹһȻˣʱе㲻֪ôˡ
̫Ҳµˣƹʱ
ҡҡӣһɷΣȫûż˼
ιԤһ̨Ҫʱ䣿ƹҧҧʵ
ղࡣԤһʱ䡣
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ƹĴͼֽˣˡ
δ硣ڶ棬ƹʲô𣿡
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Ҳǣˣδ磬ҸˣԿչ
ͿžϸƵǰչϸƯ
ԣȴǲϣ߻һҲСǳõóˣͦϲġ
δźÿͷǼǳɫټůһ㣬δ翴Դˡϸϸϱһ顣
ɣĺÿرСͷһСϱ
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Ҳڼģٹ£ȹܼһˣʱҾʹȥòãС
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ǡԥԥġ
ö¶벻˵İҡһôܵܣͷ¶ء
ûпʱδ¶¶ȻǼȥ棬˵Ǳߣᱡ̵֯޻һǣиָĺóԵģĲȥ൹լе㷳ˣԳȥҲ
ĶˣС˵Ǳߵķ٣˵ǽֵ춼䲻꣬кܶܶϡĶ￴ġ
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ô᲻ðδδĸȥչСá
ȷʵȥôһ룬ȷʵ˰ȻСǰͷ¶棬ǣδ׵˰Ӧû°ɡ


43
ԥԥĵͷˣСͷͦСϾûôŵġ
ãǱģԺеʱߣĳԡ

ڶ죬໹磬ȥɽϿŴҵˡ
Ȼϵ˶УЩˣûУҲЩ̤ʵģ෢Ҳû
˵ͷҪ˵һ¡
վ꣬ˣسǴ¥ƳĴӸкһ١൹鲻
͸ˣҪ֪߹ǮǸߣһҪߵö༸ˣ˵Ҫһٺ÷ˣ﹤ĺǶ
º͵ЦЦҲûŴ˵ͷֱӻȥˡ
ͦأͷϹ˺Щϸ¶ˮˮӣﻺ߳ɽɽҰƵġ
˼ңŲϸϸĸͷˣ˵һĸӡ
һС̧ͷŵĿһʱе鲻ԽһƮƮǡ
ô磬Է𣿡ʲôûƵģСͷ
ŷӦϴɬĺΣ:ûأδһ𡣡
ͣ½ŲȻ߹ȥǣ֡
˾ǣԱߣȻ־Ͱ͸˹
ҲڣθΪѾϰΪˣ̧ͷˣһֱͷԷװû
ͳԵǼ
Ƿǳ򵥺óԵģ⡢ݷľݷ˿ܲ˿㣬Ȼľ˿һ賴ˮ͹ϣټӽͺΣһ۹ͺ붹˿˿죬ǰ״ףͿˡ
һϳڵĶǷǳθģýҲķǳԵĻ̫˵ġ
ͷģͷȴģһ㱡ĽϣɿڣǺóԲˡ
ò˵ֵĳջǷǳģϵķǳ֮ǰԹḶֵ̌ͨͨĽȴһ΢΢ĴЩóԵĲУǺθڣŵ٣ϲҲ޷ֻ൱˸ζ
Ҫǹʡ
˷ûţȥ鷿ϹΡ
ֹ֪жܾܰǣǶܵáбĩʼ֪Ⱥӡ⡣űһд֣һ߲˿֡
ֻеŵģƽʱϵĿβ࣬ԼʣԼ©
֪Ӧﵽľܹ־ᶨ־ᶨܹ򾲲ꣻ򾲲ܹİãİòܹ˼飻˼ܹջÿи֦δÿ鶼пʼսᡣⱾĩʼյĵͽӽ﷢չĹˡһ߽һǱıûʲô仯ֻӲͷƤȥˡ
˵ͷֱǷǳһСһʼѧ֣ûôѧˣֲľû뵽ֿԼķʽѧĻǷǳġ
Ŀ϶΢İЩ
֣²ɡĸ棬ֵ޹ʣһҲ죬ˣҲӢŶ֮Ҳ֣²ɡֳˡӡһΡ
ֵÿֵ£²Сĸڣֵûû֣ǵһֵ£̧ͷ죬ͷˣǵڶֵ£õµ˲Ŷǣǵֵ¡ֵ£ʵͳһ²ڡϸһȷԼû©ſڴ
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Ųдʫҿվλڸд֡
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԰·˫᲻ɡֽʣƾﱨƽд¶һʫ
ֻϧʫǺʫ־ͲǿˣǷڸոԱʵԱߣĵľ͸оˣպˡ
ǲ֪ĳǸ鷨ҶݣдĺȻˡ
ʱ仹̫ˣ̶ҲˣҸдЩӣ㿴ġʱ־ˣԺҪ߿ƾٵ·ӣֶûǷǳҪģȻ൱˵ĵڶ棬ǲ߿ƾ٣ܹЩôġдϸϸĿˣ˵
Ҵдظоһ£ӦˡԱվŵ֣վԼǰͷ
һЩҪҵоߡֵ֣д˸֡֡
㿴дˣôʲô𣿡ſ֡
š־ԼʲôֺʲôҲס
ˮɽʯȾЩ𣬡ֵֽļɣ֮һ㿴ϲġѡ˾ͲҪһֱġһ壬ϰµꡣͬʱÿ֣Ҫ̰࣬ÿϰ־ͿԣһҪÿʱܳҪġԭͬλҪ¸ı䣬ɷӡÿֶҪϸĦص㣬дÿֶ꣬Ϳġ˵ּˡ
ٽţԺдЩ֣ԼķҲͳˡëʷһߡ
ãһú֡ĵġ
߿ƾͨ·δҲҲһˣһֱ˱ｲǡɥǡϡ֮ģҲ𾴡
࿴óֵľĵοĵ˵ͷϸϸĽЩֵעԼܹ֮Ķʱʱ˵˵ţͿʼʾĳһʸôд
һʱǳϾһֵĺ֣Ҳʦˣÿܵ㵽ϣÿÿһéٿĸоһʱҲǹķɿ죬ֱ˳Է˲ŻѾˡ
θȥϴ׼Էɣʰʰٹȥɣһе㶫Ҫ˼һ¡ֵżԷˣԼждԿ
Уǿ㣬ҪǳԷһ뻹û㣬´θ㽲ЩɾͱȽ˰һ۾ͿС뷨˦˦־͸ȥԺԷȥˡ
ȻŬץʱ뷨ˣϾθѾˣһ뻹ȥ´ξͲིˡ


44
ѹŵԷͿЦеĿ
:ͻȻͲôˡ
ĳ˷ûȥӵȥˡ
硭ֹԵȡ
֪и磬ۼСԷθ㰡˶ų´ξ͸ðһٲܳԡֵĶͷ
ѽҲǵʰʰǱīֽ𣬲Ȼ̯ܰӸθʰ𣿡Ҳ˺ɡ
һ֪ʰô㶫㶼ʰӻ࣬Ҹθ綼Ա跭˸ۡ
磬Ҵˣˣ´Ҳˣұ֤֤ðɣ߶ȥ֣ĳƪۡ
ϧ֪еʱ򣬾ϴˣ軹˵һѽĻ
δ̵ѧʣҲʦˣǰԺҪ㣬ӵӣȻһ˵ѻ˵
ʵϣҲȷʵˣһˣǾ൱ҪһĹģ˵źԷǳԸҪŵǿǲʦﶼ˵ġ
ȻѾ˻ԼҲ˾ڽ̵ѧʵˡ
ּһֽЩʱʱĹϣԺ󲻶ˣ˴ǡ
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迴ȥֻƯˣϲ죬žֹס©ЩЦ
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䣬ͷģҿźÿ׼ױġ֣ͣȤĳЦЦ
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Ȼ̸˵ĲУҲЩ
ʧЦϷһߣȻȥСͷ
־ͦģȻѧˣҲرĴҪѧһѧĻòŶԡ൹СЩ飬ûãԺʱ䣬С˵򷢴ʱҲǿԵġ
ȴҶѧЩѧѧʻһȽʥ¶ģһԼϰ
˶ིŮӸ޲űǵ£ĶˣȻͰѧʸڵĹߣʹԼɼ
ҡҾ˰ɣҡԥԥġ
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Ȼһ̾;Ҫʼˡ
Ҳöãʶ֣Щ˼飬һԽЩպ󰡣øδ˺òðͷĶֱ׵Ķ䲱ӵĺ͸ˡ
á趶صǱ۸Ĳˡ
ˣտʼÿһʱԼ¾ܴ֣ԺټƧ־ҾͲˡ಻ˣС
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費֪Ѱ˼Щ¶ֻǿ׹Ͻһ࣬ˡ
ֻԺɹ̫ҺߵСϱļױԽԽ
ʱӦǾ䡰㡱

ͷ֪ˢӣּҪҳ˲ſʼԷʱʰӡ
֪ۿԺͷ§§ģϾʹЩӳ
֪
ˣûûš
˼ôҵ¶ǹܲšýѵŮˣıߣ˵ٱҲûá
Ҳûİ֪Ʊһ۸̼ˣԺٷСҲаӰٺòˡ
֪߳ܣɫˣøʲô˼Ҫ𣬲ȻҾ͸ȴϡ
֪߷߲ƽı죬ȴҪǴңӹҲЩ𣬻չչ˵ôǾ̲ϣѵԼһӵ˲ɡ
ҡιӣѧʸߣúãǻǮģɲͳĺģ
ֵһ֪һܣһؿˣôǲأ

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յ¶ˣʱ֪ͨǣɱǵôξСǮˣǰճŵһٷ
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ۼڶûʲô¶ˣҲʽĽ˴죬ůʹȥسȥˣ˳̸һ¾¥ӵ¡
ãŴҲһȥˣ͸ɴŴæһ³һȥСسǡ
Ҳǲ꼯УĶЩ̶̵꣬ûд󼯵ʱ·߼С̯ӣǴҲвǴ󼯵ĺô벻ҺļͷȺȥģҲͦġ
˳ǣŴ͸Ƿֿˣ˵ȥȥһصӡ
ȴӾ¥Ǳ߶׼Ȱٽʲô¶
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ԭ˼Ҿ¥⻹¥ǻҪء
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ൽ׻ǺˣöˣҪһҲĻʹǮҵϾӲ׬һľ¥棬Ӧûо¥ϰ岻Ըô⡣
һҡС¥ȴǲãĻϰ廹ͦӸϸϸ̸
ȴżҲĶˣƹϲԿô˵


45
ȻǾ¥ɫˣһˮϵ
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Ʊȡݽӡһ̿⴮
¥ƹ˺Щ꣬һڵζʵڣ˵˳Բ̫࣬Ͳˣͦкøеġ
ƹߵ򣿡ƬƬ˵ĿŽϸϸĳһ¡
ҲûԷʱǶˣ˻ͦϲģζҲ󣬶ʱͶӡ
أǱʮǧƵģôϵϹʾ˲óˣҴСӣСģǱ߶óԵƹֺǺǵġ
ȷʵǲͷ⡣
ɲǣǱȲߵǺ棬һʮⶼŵļҵǱǺӲµġƹЦˬ죬ŵĸƿƣҵĲУ໹ûأǹ๾һ룬˵ǾƲǮ
Ҳ֪զ£ˮݲ˻ôģ߿ϵȵĺӣߣˣǴЩζôˡƹѵҵˡ
һˮһ˵ϰɻУӲ˲죬Բˡ
ƹĵѰ˼УҲȳһֻˣ˵ĻǲСÿž¥أⲻã¥Ҳܶʵ⹩Ӧ
УһֻУñʲôҲ׼ϣԵҲ֪ô׼׼Ҳ⣬׼ˣһǮˡ..š
ͲǮ
ƹȻǸˣԵʱһȥԿĺúõģ˶õĹȥ
ţУ㿴ŰţɫˣԼʮ˵ӣԤʮһһʮɫҪЩͿˡҲ˱ơ
úúãˬ죬ģ¶Ҹ԰ϯġϰֺǺǵļ֮ûע⣬ĵĻ˻Ρ
δ磿ĪǾƺȶˣɱˣȻҺֿɴȥ㰡ֵĿ࣬൹˱ˮѹѹ⡣
ǾǳǻǷǳİȲСС˿ڲ̸Щġ
̸ĶԲų˾¥Լ˲ɫʱ
žǵĲ嵥ÿҪʲôҲŵʱ඼ѶдֽϣԱ´θϽִǡ
šӡӣСӣŲ嵥
ȴôעӣδǿһֱǰѶľ𣿲żҪӡ
ȥͷЦǳǳ˵һӵơ
:΢ЦJPG
˱߱򣬹䵽磬Ĳֹ࣬˳µ꣬һǼĴװ
ǿ»Ĵװ֪ԭ˴ɫҲǺÿˣ۷۵һţɿɰģ뱧һࡢһ
СԲһ
ǰƹĴͼֽõ£Ҳسǹ棬˳ȥͼֽôˡ
ȥʱƹûںԺǰ̨άӵſָ˴ӳͷᶫʮţ˳һӣͳһɫ̴µģ㼷ˡ
ƹģۿȥƹһ
ȻƹĶĿģ˸æС˹
ιӽɣƹļ˾ЦֺǺǵһˣɣǰŻعӣ·ϾͱɵˣµͼֽѾûˡ
ã֪ˣȥͷ˵ɣ·˵Ҳ㡣˵ͷͷȥ衣
˽˺ԺŰЩƹȥͣȥͼֽˡ
ţ˱裬ƹľͼֽˡ
һͦĹӵ̴ľӣͷ˸ͷƹСš
ƹЦǺǵ򿪺ӣſһͼֽһͼֽĿʮŴס
ǣü
Ҫ˵ιӸϵιӲ²¿ͷжĻʲôƹûĻǷһ䡣
װĺúõģô֪ʲô
ţ²ֵ֪˱裬׼ͼֽˡ
ȥ˵ʱ仹ԣԴߣ;
ι֣ҪӣʵЩιӿЩϵءƹŴȣϴ˷ܡ
򴽣ƹһĵֱͦ۾ģƹֱ˵ĳ²
˵¶
ƹľЦ⣬İ¶˵ꡣ
һŰǰ˵Ҫ̨ͼֽ֮ǰӵֺġƹһͼֽЩҪЩżͷͿˡ
üһͼֽһӵûУϾ˲ǮûʲôܶĿ꣬һͼֽһ뷨ϸӣ
ȿͼֽ໹ûֱӾܾȿͼֽ˵
ε̨ͼžˣȻŮЩǲôڵģи̨ˣȻûʲôˣͷһͼֽԽԽͷüëԽԽ
⡭æܾһͼֽЩ¶ҪæЩ¾ûʱˡ
²вͷҪ񶼣޻ͷ𣿷ҪӲͷô¡

⡭ιӣǡƹһӾͿˣæЦ˵˵
Ҫ£Щʵûʱ䣬ɡľܾ
Ҫ£ȥ㲻£
໹ֻһͼֽȥˡ

󣬵ſڣŴˣ˾һ·ֵ߻ȥˡ
ͰȰȰȵĲͣһ·ϣģͦ˵ģ
ͷȥˣٹʲô磬ɾܵˣġ賶źӵָ˻
ֿ״Ʋ˼Ľ͵ˡ
ЦЦ¿ֵѺû
ʲôأƨɶˣסˣﰡСҸ㶪ϣ߻ȥſֵĺӣЦЦ
硭ûҡֻͷԹĿ衣
ʵʵţˣֲˣȥٳ򡣡ק¡
ϲҲãȤĲŲࡣ൹ǲЦЦ
ևNɪĿ硣
ˣθ磬ͻȻһдļɡּһߣͿʼϲ


46
˼ңͷԺſͣһѵĳӡ
ƿԺţͿԺվ˺Щˣ˦ֽԺӲſţǸȥҹĹ»ˡ
֪׵ֵ๫ο
ҵĹ˵ģӵ߽һӵľʱһ߸ׯӣһŴͬУٿ첻ˡ
˵ͷʼѰ˼ô˿סʲôطȥȥģȥŴ塣
Ŵӣȥ˸߲ҵĸҷһͨ߶߶ˮûϣ˭֪ҹˡ
ιӰŴվк˵
£½һ¡
šô¶Ŵüϸﻹ˭ȽϿձȽϷ㣬ýЩ˼ңԼٺ˰õ
ӵ߽ʮ߸ټʮľҲ֪˲̫ðš
ºǼСˣģ׼ųȥ
ҿշӣ˶ˣ˳ͷţҲţóιӰˣιӳִ󷽣ǮǲٵģֶΪء
ڴ峤ţ¶ȥ峤һ
Ŵ˵ˮͣȥ˴峤ȥˡ
ţŴͷĽ峤ֵģһš
û취Ŵ屲СοǸȻ˼Ǵ峤ɣôأ
峤һţǿŴ壬һۣſͷࡣ
ѽⲻιôп峤Դϴ֪ϻйﻹǮ˶̬ȶˣﵹһһΪŮģĸŮǿЩˡ
ǲЩɥǽͣǾ͸ˡ
峤ЦǺǵ˽ȥĸ˱˲ҶĲ裬һŴ壬Ȼûеģ峤ƤӸߣûŴƵġ
ŴҲգÿҲ˵ЩỰ䣬εĲʲô¶ˡ
һ峤ŴͷϴЬӻմЩ࣬µȥˡ
ʵҲˣ峤һӵĳǰ꣬һȥأǿǲҪʼˣ˺ʱ
ûȲ裬ȴ峤ȥ
齲һ£峤˵ͷҲͳˡ
ֻ˵ãͷȴʲôûеģǻʵǲ֪˯˯£㿴Űˣֻһܻٻӣ˶ϧסš峤˿ڲ裬ѻ˵ǰͷˡ
Ȼǵͷˣһӣ·Ǯһӣ·ʮǮĵͦģǰˣһߵģһϲǣһ΢СЩҲԶԣСǴʢʮû⣬ǰԺסϣһҲԵխ
൹˿ͦطġ
ˬĸǮ峤ȥԿȥˡ
ָϵе⡣
Ŵȴյ˴峤˵ıˮϸϸĺ
ɣ¾ͽˡ
ﻹ˸ɵСĲССģӾȥˮ
ŴƽʱǼλ峤ĸӼĲ࣬Ǹͷߵ٣Ŵÿε£Ȼһ۸ڶӣʵǲϲû뵽Сôһ档
溬ɬĵͷࡰδ硱
౻Ӧһ£ǺԾܲ𣬱
δ硫Ҹ㵹衭ŲС鲽ǰ൹衣
ˣ²ʣؿˡ಻ɫԶЩ
Ҳ⣬ˮֻһڣĿֱֱָء
ü첻ȥûȥδ硣
ǡǡ°ѲͷȻͷ˸ɰһһ¡
͸δģϣδϲ´ٸδͱġȻһܳȥˡ
ֽŽӲİǸֲڵĺɰϣȻȥͷŴ峤Կһ͸æȥˡ
Ŵһ·ֹһӵĻǿཀྵӲ࣬Ҳû˵
ˣ˵һ䣬峤ǸǸȵġιҪúһ롣
˵ͷûӲȥˡ
˼ңԿ׸˹£Ͳܱˣȥȸһϴˮϴƽ
ʱѾĶˡ
ϴഩ¿ռ·µһɫˮеѡ
Ѷ࣬ҲѣҲ֪жѣֻǾ»Ѵ˶ǿЩƽʱǸӡ
βڵˮϸϸŲӷβʼͷɾ˳ˡ
գ߰źˣˣҾʹȥôתȥ豧ϡ
šЩɬϣĺڲӸ࣬ĲһƬ˼ϸһƬƤ
ˣδ磬ңѾˣ㿴Ͳʡͳһǳɫҡ
࿴ϸָǸңͻȻ;رϲϲùϸ岻٣Ҳÿڳﻹ˸ӣƵһӡ
϶Ц⣬ֱ˱תȦȦźá
ϲδ綼ϲ˵ͷҹ´ϡ
ǳɫǺɰ䣬żÿĶͷһ¡
δϲͺãȥæˣͳˡ費˼໳µȻֻ֪ˡ
Ͱ˷ȥˣȻȥ鷿ֶָ顣
ģҾˡϡ
һһ¾Ϳʼ񣬾ûԼһһֵӡ
Ȼд֣д飬־ãһֽдĶһšֻ֣һֽд棬ӱ໹
עһϣдһεĸӣһεĽṹ㿴֣ģԵôͷԵģٿ֣һƲҪ̣һҪžĶ࣬Կָֽṹϡ
ֵ˵ͷдһʾһ࣬һдеô˼ˡ
Щ˷ܣһ飬ϲ
ˣҺٹȥȥˣڼҸǸһһɽϵĽȡ࿴ֿģԥĸ˸ס
Ŵ죬գգ۾ûӦڽʲô
ʲôҸȥ棬ڼ￴ңһ°æǻóԵĺġߣߣֵͷСһͷӲġ
ǡðɡ
֮ʮ죬ҰعǱߵ̨ˣǾͳԤ»ӻ֣гԷ˦ȥˡ
һ죬еأ


47
ڶգһ翪ʼԴԴϵĲϾͿʼˣǸָľϣƬש֮Ĳϣ㻨˰磬ſȫж
࣬Ȼǣ˴Ϳʼɢͯӣĺԥ
ͲϹĹȻϲӴ󷽵ˣԵպȱ˲ϣȥǣɸۿۡ
¶࣬ԺҲ㣬Ҳû³Էһ˸˸Ȳĺó˸Ӹˣ˺˸ɾ
ûӵĸ߽Ƿ糾͵ĸϹĥ󿳲񹤣ϢϢڶ쾫ĿʼЧʸߣԵڶҲϢˡ
ͷϣûע⣬Щ߽ľԵĶǸǵڶȴǲˣ˼Ҷÿʼܷˣûзʱ䣬Ǳ߳Էôš
зѰ˼ǳԹӼͷɣͷͽŴȥӵְ˵İã˼ȥȻÿ͵ʱĲ˹ȥͺˣҪ˷㲻˵ǳԺáڵ̨ϸָΪһֱ΢΢ķ졣
ãȥŴǼҽһ£עһָ֣ͷͨͨģ̲סϸϸ࣬Ĵ˿δҲ̨ȥݿģ־Ͳˡ
ֲǴģôʲôģˣٰŰߵǾͿ׼ȥˣɲܷڡҲ˳ȥ֣ŴǱȥɣϢϢˣЪЪ۾
Ǻãȥְ𣿡費֪ԼøʲôˣδĺſҲ֪ô
дһŸ㣬ȻȥְɣͲýȥˣѬǵģǼѬˡͷ
֪ʲôʱСرϲСͷԱֵĸ˿ƵķʣĵͷĶ࣬Ҳϲͷ
áߵġ
д˷Ӹ
죻гС飻ˮ¹Լһᣬ̳ףƣȥƤɰꣻ᣻飻˽ǡΡƤС飻ݹƣȹȣͰͶꡢнᱬ㣬תСԼʱСʱˮɡ΢΢ʱдн᲻ã漴˽ǡΡƤСݹϲݡҶݡϣСԼһӷӣɫʱǡ֭С֭еˮȫʱڣӸԭȴɹӵϡķӣûôдʲô
ø֣ӦöЩ飬вܳģͳԸĹӡ˵Ķͷŷˡ
ȻǲˣȥŴң˵ÿٷһʮͷ¶
ŴȻûһһᣬɱһʮͷҲ߰ʮģȴ˶ʮĵĸ߼ֶۣΪء
߽ˣȴ̹ҪٵĲأϽһŴ塣
ڲŸոտ˼ǰڵĿܲײ˺Ӧûв٣ʵĲˣԼȥЩҰûˡŴʱڶʲô߲ˡ
ǺãЩŴܲܰæӴͷһЩҲռˣЩҾˣҾͲһһҵˡ˿ˮһɤӾ͸ɵĲ
ôʹãƽ۾ˣƽιѾǼҶչˣɲܴǮˣ¡Ŵƾ˵˫յ¡
һŴȷʵ̬ȼҲǿڱĵطϾˡ
ŴﱲļӣȻĸɸɾģ·϶ǸһһΣü㣬࿴żСԺι´θСһѲϾˡ
ˣеط𣿡Ҳܴذˮģ˸ɻûˣ²סׯͷ
šŴ˼һ£ûɱûУɱûУȴмԻԶ⣬Թȥʡ
û취ͷ˶ó⣬ʵȷʵǲҡ
У֪ˡŴ·ʮΪͽͷǮѭŴ˵·ȥǸԻ
ԻɽǸֺ֣ã׵ĹҲɽϲֻ
࿴˿ɽ¹һӣǰš
Իڴ峿ȥˣ˲Ұ֮ģͰ͵ģԾͶˣڴƤëء
ɽţ൹ǲ֪˭ҿ˿˭
ࡣЦЦ˵ס˸ԻЩ⣬֪㲻㣿
ɽȽԶҲûʲôҲ֪˭ֻ˵ȥˡ
ʲôɽǰͷ·ӡҰ¹⡢ӡҰʲôĶС
ɽǰͷһţĸߴҪӲŽȥǼӡ
Ҳͷȥˣվͷе㼷
һĶ⣬ǽϹ⣬Ҳ߸ߵ͵͵ĹҵĶ⡣
⡭е㲻ܺƽʱӿ٣ζţһζ
ţɽͷȻϺЩ֦˺ۣžǸҺʵģرãһ㶼ɫأȥϴɾˣųԺóԵĲС
ЦЦ˰֣ǣǸոտԺﻹЩԻģûʵġ
ŶЩҽϲȥյĲ壬вأŲˣҪҪЩҲСɽʵǲȥˡ
Ǿ̫ˣҾͶҪˣܴ͹ȥ𣿡Ѱ˼ô࣬ǱӦóԲֻ꣬ö붼ϲ
УʵˣҲЩͷԵģЩȫ𣿡ɽӺɽʰܹʮֻӣɽҲʮֻ
˵ͷ˳ѽĵ
ÿٷʮһʮĿҲ𣿡ɽˡ
ɽȻͬ⣬ɵĸʮȶЩӵ
ɽҲûֱͣӾʰҰͷ͹ȥˡ
ſڵʱŴҲͷͲˣһ˳жԺͷ
˲Īеĺ
֪ǼСȥѲһ£Ȼ־Ͱæһ°ɡǣ̽ԴַԸ
ֻӣö಻Լ͡
õġһһ۵İѰ˵ĵϰᵽһȥ
࿴־ͷģɴľ˦ˣ˸ɹ̫ˡ


48
˰£־гԷˣȥһϴֳԷȥˡ
ѾԹԵĳˣϴڷԵóû֣½ϻմ˵īա
Ȼһ̵öͨͨģž˵ೢ̾һҪּӹʲС
ȥжôСΡƾơ͡Լӣټӵ۰ȣ͹ըɫغɫö֥鷭ȣжΣ㣬⽹ۣóԻÿģ·θͣ졣

һ߸߽ľǱߵĹ׺̵Ĳ˻ͷҲѾȥˡ
´С˰ѶȥٽһȺ߽ôԡ
㿴׶ˣֻҪˮټӵϣٷŲ˽ȥ˳ԾˡҨһ׷Žͭͷٷ߽ʱ֧ļ
һᣬԺﶼһӴ̼θڴ󿪵ζһǺĲС
˵ģͿͷƮһͣûøֳԷģƽǿиϡĽǣۿɼĶʿˮ
һտˣ¾ͰԱߵĲ˽ȥͷһ߲˹߽ǲŷͷȻ⣬˵ģʲôģСӡ
⣡ҹܷ⣡ĺ°ϴĸ֧ӣǮңǵһεģǼ⣬ô࣡СĶ̲סˣ˾ûôʲôòٺõģôܿƵԼǲ۾ˡ
Ҳ˳Էλóȥˡ
һʮˣһӲˣʮͷϸۣܳľ͸ܳһ𣬳ǸɫĹӣǾͿŰ죬Լų԰ɡߺš
ȻԷȵĴ£ǿɻˣɿķӣͷˡ
쵽֪أҪ֪ܲʮʮײ˸ĿţƬʮϸۣһеܲס
߽ǻϲصĳ²СͽĵľԺ
ǱߵԺСĶܹ࣬ʮľ
Ǿֱľһ˾Уˡ·Ը̧Сˡ
СҲµĻл̧Ŷܹȥˡ
߲˾͹ˣҴ󷽣Ҿ;ܳ˶ӳԣտЭ깤°Ѳһ֣üС˽ôԣŻȥˡ

żңһѾˣֺ֪ڵһԷ
ͱˣЩ˳ԾˣҲæһˣŶӡµǶ״ǳֺǣЦǺǵڳſ¡
Ҿ˵ȳԣҪȣ˶ˡ֪Կ˿Ӳ˾ͷˡ
ڶһ£ˡ
ȾˣͷҰ²ŻͲһԷаѵ֪𼸾䡣
֪šͣԾƲƲ죬Ҳ𻰣ڶĶЩΡ
ֻεĳЦЦԼԼģҲ֪ĶʲôӣȨû
һٷԵģﶼ

ڶ죬ɽϾ׼ˣľҲľϹȥʼ򴰻żҾĶ
ɽϵĻҪȴʼǻɽ·ӣ׼ϸЩʴˣ޵ıȽϿԼʮ߿ɽƵɽϣʱһһĶСԺĵطɽ·ټΧٺòˡ
򵥣ʮ߽̫Ŵһȥɽɡ

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ֶͱȽʡˣȷʵͦϲģʶľ࣬׵ľӾͶ飬ÿ컹һʱֵʱ䣬˵Ƿǳڷˡ
ǿǲôϣʫдȷʵǲУҲ˼άʫЩ̰壬ֻܰԼĴʫĬֶ飬Լ
Ѱ˼ţȴҪһλרŽʫʣȻԺҪƾ٣ǱؿģʱϺˡ
ִʱڶʫһԴĶˮ
ʫ֡硷š̡֣硷Ըص裬ǡʫеľж԰顢ͶȵҲл˼˼ѹȡԹ̾ŭšͷ֡šСšΪ֮ʫ裬ꡢ¶ʫ衣СšҲв裻̡Ϊ֮ʫ衣
ִʱǡ硷ҲǶ裬Щĥۣˡ
å֮򿣬ó˿ó˿ı俣ڶ𡣷ڣýŭΪڡְ࿴ˡ
ʫһΣ..åͷģ൹ǼǵĺȽ̵ѧƪʫʱǸһĿ꣬һŮװŮӣƪʫʱΪͷ˹̫౻õһͷİ
νǣһũСӣƥŮ˹˿ʵ滻˿ҪҸ̸¡С͹ˮ˶ԸڣСýʧǡϣҪƢ쵽ӭȢһ£˳ĺܡ
ˣֻûߣվԱ߲˼ͨ졣
ô£Сͷ
ǡ׶ôסߵͨ죬Ľ˵Ҷʮˣǲ֪ô¡
ʫͨ²һܶɺṹڶˣ㿴ʵ⼸죬Ҿͽ㣬Ҵݻٴһ㡣̨һߣù顣
ҪʫǧҪʫ˹һˡ٩һµ䡣
..åһ߻ĳʫ׷ԼɳµĻԼ˵Լý֮Եå飬ȻһȺòŮȰǲҪڰ飬ָŮƽȵ󣬶åĸıʾԹޣԼåķ޳׷Ĳ͡ŰֵܵļЦ˲ң˴˵ѰͽյĹ룬åαƭʾåڸһϡ
һĺԾȻֽϡ
ƶǶʫʲô˼ˣǣʫָȴǲ׵ġ
࿴ԺӣȴǰԱһţ׼Сú̸̸
һˣϵۼֵ۶ഺɵģ໹ϣܸ⺢Ӻúõ̸̸ġ


49
ûϲʲô߸һߣ̸
Ǻ
ûСûСֿĿİĻش̧һࡣ
û⣬˸Ӹ֣С˵
ԼĻ£ʲô뷨𣿡ֱ⡣
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ҡûʲôرϲˣȷʵû취ָо
һȢرϲģϲԸҪҲҪһ׼ô죿˦˸⡣
ҡֲ֪˵ʲôҸ硭Ҹ粻ɡ
һ㣬һЦ˳
ȷʵ費ַ̫⽨רεĴҳ
磬ôЦ⣬֡
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Ҹ㣬һʼҪףȢǸӵĻرϲģȻҪߵһޣ㾴㣬ҲҪųˡϸϸĽ԰⡣
԰ǣҳ϶Է֣·һǣ֣ǾǶԶԷԼ
ֵ۾Щ
ǡϲϲҸ簡ֿ෢ʡ
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վ飬ÿɰ˩סһ꣬Ҳû뵽ǧ磬ȴ
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ȴ鷿ͷͨһҧ촽ˡ
ԭδϲ
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˵ǻİ޷йܳ˼
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Ͳ˵ʲôˣͷʣµĻÿԼס
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һǣ̵ԲģƯˣòˡ
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ͷһۣԼȥָʢһ롣
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ĵıߵͷ֡

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ֹ˼죬ȥһˡ
һΪ˸ػǸ̨Ϊ˵纮е㷢գŲǸͷнŴɣҲǵҽˣͰԼȥץҩȥˡ
ΣûаŸϳֻܿſĿİĸһ·ӵĺֱײôسǡ
θ磬ı߰Ÿϳӣͷࡣ
룬̨żȥץҩˡ
ȥҽðɣȰҩץˣٰİɡ
ֵ֪ͻһЦЦųȥˡ
ţɱĶ࣬Ŀİһᣬ־ˣ࣬߸ϰ˳ģʵʵţˣֱͷܡ
ҽãŷſ˻ͦģȥȴſڵС˻˵Ǵˡ
ҽӣŶӡСЩֺġ
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ЦЦҡ˼£һɷĹӸģӣҲǺˡ
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ȥ˺ԺüСҩ̳ı߶᷿С˰쵽мǼ䡣
һȥͿͷվˣͷһСѾ˸ոǸЦ׶ˣһŸˡ
ð˻ʲôӱߺȲüŸոսλǸСˡ
磬㿴ǵ·Ҵ򣬻ͷѹһǳصǮ˰С˰ͷһơ
ֽŵĲУ߬Ķð亹ģ˶е㶶
ϸһļˣܹ߸ˣϻһӱһĶվĸ
ǸֽƵģӦòһġ
ǺЦǲ֪ŵ˭˰ɡ
൹ǲ֪Լʡ
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ֵеǸϲ԰׵ҲĿĿࡣ
ȴЩֱʱղأȻһҲӡ


50
ʵϣȻ໹û˴ܣǣսǷǳ֮ǿģ̵Щˣȫûõ༸ߣߵԴֱӵİѼ˸߻˹ȥ
:
Ρθ磡־е
ͷЦЦοȣȡ
ͻָˣû취ֻҪһθеŸҡıһСбۡ
ŵģӦ˲ˣһֻȥȻһƳ
ְŰ˷ǸĺÿĹӣɫ԰ף촽Ұ׸ˡ
Ѱ˼Ӧúþûˮˣˡ
ַţñӸԹ˵ˮ󴽡
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ֻ׼ƽģǣ˭֪һʱմȾô¶ЩһͲʲôƲ磬ǸһĹȴҲ鷳
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룬ӿռƿҩһһš
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ľǰ֪Ǹˣȴ֪ƺͷ书ǲ֪书ŲӣʱȻʱ򣬷ʲô
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θ绹书θǼ˳ԵʲôȺľ
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ľֻȥ˺úõϴһ˿ڣϴϴ˾Ǳʹһƺߣնֵֹˡ
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ϴ˸ս裬Ŷҩȥҩˡ
衣ҩţҨһ״˴ݵߡ
Ȼ֪ҩȻһӺȽϲô࣬δôĵĻһһСĴµģ͹Ƶĵͷһף˲䱻ˡ
ЦЦԱһ˸۽ݸ裬һҩ
һ۽Ͳˡ
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ĳҩҩЧЩˣ͸Ҵʵ˱ӣ˯һ˺ͺˡ
緹һأ˾ͽ㡣ʰҩĶ
һɲŵҩζﻹͨ磬ֻڽ˸¯˰ȰǸȥȥζ̫ܡ
ͬʱȻСҲˣһѾͿϰʵʵģˣ˶÷ˡ
ţСӣ̽ͷ֪


51
óſڿһۣͿһŮӰſͷá
Сӣ֪СӲ˵Ϊûֺһ
֪˻Ӿ֪ǸǮģпǸȨƵģŹ㷺ϰԹһ¡
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߲Ҫź򡣡ó˵Ļ˻֡
Թһ۾Ϳ֪ϵŮҲó֪ǸʵģҹϣŮӡ
֪㬵һͷˣȥһ
ȥ͸ҩ˼Ҷˣҩ붼ûˣ㻹ûܸЩʲôֻѵ֪
Ůܲ·ӣ־һѵġ
֪˸ۣ޽ǣҲｲЩʲôֻԼԼ¶

ˣ֪ȥ鷿λӳԷ
ȥ
˯ĻģһĺҲЩ
ڷԻǳȥԡʵһ費ָ̫˿ڣҰѷ˶˹ɡ
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ٰ֧һ̵ķ˷ȥˡ
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񲻴һ۾ͿóǼöô󣬻ûôɵĺö
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ó㣬ʱݣҪԸ⣬ǮҲãѵõϲ
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52
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㲻㡭˸Ҫպһ¡
ܾ


53
˵ֻǲ󷽱㣬ֶˣóôģ
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˶ŻϢ
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ԵģһȥóһȻһֱԺĶ˯ȥˡ
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ȵĺóĶ࣬ȾһСƬںҹ㶼¶óҲϢԽԽ
Ӧ׼ͷ̵ķۣŵ߹ȥͿһӴſڵһƬֽϲ˽
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Ӧͼơ൹˱ˮǸһ̵СһǴء
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ǰСȻ˳ƹĻ˵ȥֻıԽԽ촽
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԰ƹѼӲ˯͵ġ
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豻СһŵףľӣûӦȥ§ĸ첲
ǵСԽޣƹԽףЦĺڴƵġ
óӦǼµģֻϴЩŭûбˡ
дϣȥٸʮ걻¥һóûŵĴأŷűϵ˿ڣһűֱ˻
࿴ĺЦ˵ͷ
ȥҸӣǸٴȥٸϾ಻մѪȻǽٸıȽϺá
ƹĿתԼʱˣŸϽǱܣץвࡣ
ȻǲôͷԵľͷ˻ҪһһСģעƹĵĶһʣ׼ͷǳľƹԴϣҵһͷѪƹֱӱҵ
ǲſܣҶôص֣֡һ²ڵĻҳ
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౧˱裬СͷȴСȵֱ۵һ¿˳ҲֻĬĬĸˡ
šԲ裬ˡ಻ᰲˣҿźͷأ±°
ȴǺŻˣߵ͸Ǳ׺Ƶġ
СӣӿռӣֱӴ˸Խⲻᡣ
ڱķӵַʾӽʵðѷĵҲܸ߶ϵ
ǿλĺö


54
ˣȥ˯ȥˣȻķ仹˸󷨣С˰㡣
˵Ǻˡ
ȥ˯ˣֻ˷ԼķҲ󷨡
ĻܵϽߵĹٸǱһ죬ͷȥó˵ˡ
һǱҵһԴѪ˹ȥһǱëëһڵϹӿһ
˶˲ֱӡ
óջĿ⣬ࡣ
ò˵Ȳ˵۵ġ
ţ֪ˣܲˣ˯ɣ˯ٴӳ顣ЬӣȥƱӡ
ó˽һ£Ųһ£ûٽˡ
൹ǾóֵͦģҲû룬ӦǰǸӣϰ߸˯һŴɡ
˺˵˯Ļͦһ˯
ϴ꣬ȥ衣
ɫЩţ࣬ȥҪźá
౧СתһȦʰöߡ
ȳ緹ߣӦܵǣһ£͹ٸȥ˳㻹һҲСͷ
δͺáЦĹԹԵģϽЩӳЩ⣬ԲЩЦһһСѣͦɰġ
СѰ˼ŻԴһ觵ͷ棬Բģ϶رÿ
ͬʱҲرԺһμ裬Ƽݣ֣رò⣬һһĺãǼ๫Ժϸ׵οԽԽϲ
緹Ǽ
ӳЩĲˣһŵͦóԵģܲˡ
˷ʰŶӺԺǣţ׼ˣƹĺСȻֱӱˡ
˻ͦ磬Ǿ¥ϰ屻׷ô¡
ϣ˯ţͿ˸ӽͷ̣ԵıƺҾ͸ˣʳЩ¡ǣŵˣһ߽͡
˭֪˳￪ڵ֪꣬ҩ˶ˣı˶˶Ǯһ˵Ϊ˱˰ֱӰɽͷñҰ޸ˣʮ겻֪˶
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һϵ֪ô£µ:Ҿ˵ƽͼǵˣǵˣ¥ҲûãȴմģȴıƺǮ
ס˺Щˣ֪ЩŹֵģҲڼɨǰѩܵ˪ٿϰҲǸǵģȥʵĶ˭ҽ
൹ǰЩ˶²ⶼ֤ʵˣкЩߵģ߷ߵȥ£¿ĭ
Ҿ֪СǲŪȥˣҾͻ㣡ƽʱͲܣһᣬͲˡһ˹ƹץӣ޵۾죬ҪһҧƹĲŽͷޡ
λɾҸһȥãҪʳǿСǱȥʲôطǸ˹ųͷ
ﲻ̣˳:δ硭ɡ
˵ͷ:ԸȥȻãǵǰȥˣҲøЩҰ޿иɾʬˡ
ƹʧѪе࣬κģǰöӰߵǰš
Ǹһȵǰͷ޵۾죬һıУȴŲֱ֪ǰǽͦ
ڣʮ˵سǡ
ҡӣõԼ˵һƣ·ǻǺ˳ģһҲû飬ֱӺľȥˡ
ǸСĸԩĹģӲİŵŸÿˣһȺֵİա
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Ѵ齲˻Щ
֤ݣȻѾ߰˷֣ǷҪ֤
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ﻹвٵ̷ۣ˿˼һ£һʹö꣬ۼǳ⻹ЩӡӦúǵСӡһģһŶԡҡӣ˵ǷΡ
ķӿˣȻˡ
̫үС˶ǱƵİСƹıңȻҲӣҪϵﶼɽιҰǰС޵˻ߣһĿͷ
Сʲôа̫үһۣǵСͷĵһƬѪ졣
ȫȵһɼţͷĶԻСҪǸõģܰԼֵд˿
һʼпܣôˣǵСѲǵˣĸͺˡ
̫үһ¡
û˵ȴǶСĸǰ
̫үԩһˮǰʮ꣬ȥˣ;Ǵ˿ľ¥˭֪ȴĳĸˣ֪˺δһֱɣȴû֤ݣл³ԩѩ˰ˣǸ˿޵ɤӶˣһƬĴĸ֮Ĵֵһˡ
ʵ̫үʶпܳΪԼǨһϻϵ
ƹҧ˵ǵСڿ죬СúÿǵʱӦصһҤˣд¥
Ǹ˶ʱһٿصģȥҪȭߣ˻֣ʾһһǸ˲ȻЩֱ̫үӢ
̫үӢӢ֪֪ǵС϶Ǹˣһ߿ͷһ߰˵ĵصŵĽ˳ֻһֱͷ̫ү
൹ǾͦɫģԱ룬ƹģСȻﶼˣȴǿԼǱȵģһֱƹơ
ҡվЩЩģһһô¡
Ȣһϱһĺãͷ˭֪ͳȥһˣҲˡ
ڵģҾ֣ǵǼˣǲţһΪôأԭ
˶Ľ϶ŷŭ


55
ˣϵǰ
δ硭קקࡣ
ôˣͷͨͨģӸȡ
ҲȡΪӵ֣Ǹƹӻأǰͷǲǡ
óء
˳ȥóڳôˡ
ιӡóЦĽӲ
һʱˣҲˣȥҿջͶˣʣµ˵
óûȻǵһα£û취ƽ֪Щ˵ġ
ȥǵʦү˵һ˵ȥͶޡ
Ͷްʦүñʵ΢΢һ١
¿ܻʻʾһ̫үٻ㡣ʦүŹ߳ɽӣźܿ׵ӡ
Ավ˻ʦүͻˡ
̫ү˼ǣȱߣҪǲУסҲУ̫үĺҲ¬ʦү£˱ʣŸི
üͷ¼ѾˮʯˣȫûҪǰɡ
ҲνסҲҲһҹʱ䣬ܾ
˱۴ţŵõĺԺͷ
õĺԺӦǻķͦõģƽʱǲôסˣ壬ҹɫ»еɭɭġ
྾ӣһ̽һֻСèһɰ̲סֱӸ˱ᱧ˷ſڲŸ˷
δ硭ڰĿ࣬ġ
δ硭ȥƹӰɣԺſء費˼һֱ࣬ʾſڻһжҪæء
ó
˵ͷȽȥ٣ȥԺſȥó
óѾϰʱʱؾͰһɶǳЦЦļˡ
˹ˡһ𣬾ȥó
ó˸ۡ
ǶͦȤһһǸĴҹӣȴסǰķӣΪȴʮֵ̲סȥ̽˵Ǹˡ
ȻúԺյһƬ䣬˻Ǻһס䡣
óҪչ˵ġ
ȻһﲻסŪˣóĸԶȥײǽȥ
һ·˶ꤣƮ
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ţ֪ΪʲôͷرĿ۾
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һѬˣ۾ӦþͲˣҲ۾ȽУѬ˾رĲ۾Ҳ
º͵ЦЦ۾ݺͳ:δ㴵òð
ĵͷµ඼ܿȲ
ɡ
ѡԼ۾
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ԽľԽϵ۾ϣ컡
Ƥ˲۾ͿຬЦ
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һֹֿɰִСϱá
ô꣬ͻȻ;ãԼϵͳѾɢϵͳִҲɢȻװһӡ˵ģãӣٺòˡ
౧裬ʱʱľĶͷϣֱ׳һȡ
δ硭һ˫۾ڰĿ࣬ˮպˡ
֪಻ⶼЦЦ
һᣬ˳ϷʱѾҹˡ
һóԺĶʱӰ
극ʰãϢһסһ䣬óסһ䡣
ѾǼӣԼ͸ȥˡ
δ磿費ԵĿࡣ
㺦£㣬˯뿪ӣҡһɹӷɡ
ﻶϲ糺죬Ĭ
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ʵ̫ˣһٵ˯ˡ
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Լ󲻵ᡣ
ŵ۾ˢˣڴϹ˺üȦ
ȻδϲֹԹԵӡ

˷䣬ͿóֱĿ
֣ЬݽţóһĲԡ
Сˣôһóʾ׵Ķûô
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óһ̶ȥ㻹жóףоԼıһ
СðŸˣӳǿ࣬ͷǿ࣬ûǸСһ㶼и㶼Լຣ°
óЦͻȻ;ԼŻŻȥȥǸݵļ壬ȥǸ˽ȥ֮ǰһУһ˼ûС
ͿǾ仰óͻȻˣһЦһüģȻһظɵЦݡ
˵óĺÿôĵһЦʱһִůѩڵĸжС
ˣּ֪ҿȱĹ¡óЦ⣬ĲС
ϴˮ׼ȥ⻰һ¡
ţ
ȱĻ㿴ôó˲ȥˡ
ڿ߾Ǹõط͵ƼҵóˣóԺƮһˡ
ῴˣó˺ǿʲô׳ɹ̣˸ʢ
ǣ౾ͲԼжǮαؽӸɽҪǮȥػ񲻾ͺˡ
˵ʵҪ׬Ǯһı£ܴһҵ۹
ǡȴûҪ


56
ôȱѪ鶼ܾһԼƮСꡣ
ţóŴི֪֪ƼңǾҴĽɽ
óʮ˾ţϻིۣʱϿԵһ˫۾ˮƯŹֿɰСܵܵĸо
ǵһһСʵܣ鶯ǺóͦһĽһ
˵ƼǴʵ۵ġĽɽ
ô˵ҽƼҵʱƼҾѾĲˣʱᣬ벻ˣʮӳԶٷ游ʹƼڣʵʵĿҴġóЦĽͷеңŸֻèƵġ
ҲãҲȱǮһơ
óϸһ룬ȷʵˣ涼ǼӣóۣҲøʮ𲽣ǸȱǮ
ǲ֪ΪʲôóȥҲߡ
ͶңƲʮʲôáóﻹЩŴξܾеˡ
ǲãҿԸǮȴƽƽӡϲƵӣžͺܲ
Ҳ©ˣ̼׬ǮǸһӣͷˮС϶ϲġóЦ͵ȵèһĽ
̫ѨͻȻڵܿػʵ۵ʱһëһġ
ܵûеֻҪͽ
Լʵ۵Щ꣬ʹ˵ͷ
óЦ˻һθо˻ͦԼĵġ

ڶգһͱͭˣϴţͿվſҪŵӡ
δ˰۾ģЦĿɹԿɹԵˡ
ţôô磿࿴ѾϴӦһˣ˯ء
ˣ˯磬ˣ쿴δ緿ĵĺôû˯ͻȻһĸ첲ʡ
һЦˡ
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˵˯ˣ֪෿ĵƺìܡ
˴ƣӦȼ˲ˡ۾Ц⣬һ£ʲôֱʡ
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ȻһӽԼ֪ԼСֵһܸ߶ˣȻǽŵĲУǸഷѪ
û˵軹Ϊˣæ࿴ô
ǣȥסķ䣬ƿ·һȻؿһƬ
촽Ķˡ
δ硭СЩˣȥֻ࣬͵͵۾ȥ࣬Ƶġ
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ոͷ࣬ҪٹǸ¥ƹĺСȻѺԾԾԣ۾дȥ
Ͱȣʾš
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иף˵ʱ֮ǰͷǷĶֱӱʱ̫ҷ𣬻ѹȴҪʱ֮ǰʱ֮󣬾˵÷˳ǵʱͷʵ
ԭͰˣԴҲЦһЦ
Ǻ˳ģΪ̫үһһ̫үĺû̫үö˶˵ĹòҪй󣬺Ϊơ
β̫үһǰӣһ䡰ԡ
ϧǣЩȥСŮ̫ˣǲ֪ȥˣǸһվ˵æָϵĸˣҲûŮδ̾˿һôĽ֡
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:š
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ҲǸģһͿͷһѧģƬƬҷɣ۶ȥˡ
ҲǷǳˡ
úԺóҲѾˣĪѹ˯̫ˣû
֡óͻȻоԼöˣ˯㣬ͷǺöˣ泩
šиͿԡСʵܡ
Ȼ㲻ȥˣҲͻȥٸȥˡϸһ߼óۡ
š

óɵЦӲϣϸ˿ı飬ʿˮ
ҡˣȥٻ鷳ôİ
𣿴Ҳͦ鷳ġĮ飬ӷһߡ
ǣ⣬ҵȺǱߵĲϵðȻһ˹ܸ궼Ѿóû˵Ĵ˿ڣһ
ŶĮ
Ŷʲô˼
óǿӦǿЦģпǸոճȥһ˷ʲôˡ
൱Ȼ죡ôݵ̫ˣܾ̫ȫѾ䵽豣Լķˣ
óֱӱΪƹĶŸˡ
ʱȥ棬˳ͳԶˣسͷȻΪһϰ壬໹Բڴó˺ôһС׵ģˡ
ϧǣոմóļƻҲˡ
ţһžͿһ۴׼ŵӣһţֶϡ
ιӰ̫үһ𡣡Ϊ绹ܰѻ˵š
һ
࿪ʼͷۡ


57
֪ĻΪʲôѽ⣬ʵϣǱȽϤСģüڣ˵ľ֣ġ
ر
ǴһȥģʱŸողڡ
ξϷҰ̫үĺӡ
磬ϲװϣӣʮԳϷ̫үǸӡ
಻ϲǣ˵ǹڵĺһر˵һ仰˷˵ʾǿ
ԴʾϵĲͦϲ
̸ƯҲϲĲУԼǰӶˡ
̸ⶼȥ֣ڼҲ谲ϡ
˵Ҳ򵥣ţ̼Ŵ׷۷УСȣ߼ȱ߽裬ÿһ裬ţճ̸⣬ǣģͷˣ״͹̶ˣرƯҺóԡ
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ôˣδڣʲôң˵ˣΪǼˣˡ
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ˣȻȥϢɣһ绹Ҫ·ءԴ
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ЦЦǾóһʡģԼͿ԰βɨһɶҪҲǵǮʡȥάϲƵ˵ֶΪأ
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58
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59
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60
ò˵Զͦ
һ˳֣Լҽܰˡ
ȷʵûԼ趨гˡ

࿴ԽͻأЦЦԼǰӣҡҡ
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ȵ磬ʮʱȵ۾ȥˣȻ󵱽˻ʵۣ̫͸ҩͦˣֳΣĺЩ˵ʱ򣬽ʱةճŮͻ
ȴ룬ǸȴǸؼģȵۻڵʱ򣬵ʱĵѾƷǳǿʤˣͳŹ繴˵ͶҲԽԽٯٯŵ˻ʵȢΪΣ˭֪һƵۣȴ͸һʱͲԸˣͷĵĵŶԼ˵ϵطһ
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Ϊ˳ƣôĶӣȻ㶼ûʲôԡ
˵ǷǳĲˣͷ͵һƬ
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һҲ˵Ƿǳ֮ˣһͱˡ
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𶯣һԽԽۣ˿ѿ˻Ҫ°ۡӣһֻ־Ͱסꡣ
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61
躦ߵЦЦȥӡ
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һȥִɿڣõ彴壬ãͷһһòĬĬҲȻȥԿ
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趨Цĺÿ
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Ŷ𣿾ǲμҴүˣҵĹڣ֪ͯʮˣ꿼ͯûаζ¥µĳ
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Ļõ˶ЦֻڿЦƵġ
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˵ͷͻԾˣǮֱӾ͸߿ˡ
:
һֱڿСС:
ǷǳЧģ棬û˿෼ĴˣڽҲԪʲôεߣֵֹġ
:ҺѰ
ȴڰЩĵطĵĲһ¡
ĹߣûסֻǸס۾ϲ֡
ٹ䣬ʱͿһΧ˺ЩС̯ӡ
ԼøߣȥһȴһЩӣͱºÿɵ
ҲûèġͬʱģĶϣߵĺͨͨһƬ
è豻̼еȥûèӡ
СӣҪèİ˼Ǹ̫ˣ̫ˣѾûˣǻҪһ֧СģСҪҪ̯ǸŮӣʵ־ӣǺʺС̯ġ
۾һʹ̯ó
̯ó迴˿
С̬ССһֻӵβɰеС
һ۾ϲˣֱ¡


67
СĶӲ嵽ķ:ÿ
迴۾ӣЦŵ˵ͷšδ۹á
˵ɲ۹һ۾ͿֻСꡣ
ҹҹЩ͹ˣϾŵң̯ӾɢɢĿʼɢˣҹԼҲСʱӣӣҹоͲˣʹȥˡ
ص¥ȥϢˣȥԽķ俴
ܺڸһֱûߵó죬óǹֵ˱һһ߸Խ
ǸʲôԵģóİһҳһŵ˱ĵһߣת˱ӿ
һֱԽȻŹôᣬʼͻͻҲǣ˭£ϱߵĲУ±ߵѧȻҲͲˡ
ó˱ԴۣԽĻһСӵˣҲСһˡ
ǣԽΣȫóǸʲôˡ
һ㶼óҳ˱Ƶİʣµİػȫˡ
ó죬ǵСһ
ҲһĴԽķ
óҡҡͷԽ˸ۡ
ֱԽ۾ˡ
Žȥദʮֲ
˭ദĲ
˭ദġ
ͬ
ԽΪ֤ûиóദĲĴ壬Ȼǳ˿ڣɻȥˡ
óһ޲𹥻İۣͷ˱ˡ
ˣ˸ոձóĵһߵǱ߰˱ӣ
šó˱е¡
ҿתһȦҲԵܲãҲǱߵѧϴĸ߶˲š
ɿʲôóʲôϣࡣ
šûСʵʵ˵ʵⱾ˱ӼǵȷʵǱȽңҲϰ߶˷ʽһʱ֮Ҳʲô
Ҿ֪óͷһ߰ɣٿ˵
֪һֺð취ˡ䶼ӣ򿪣ҡҡһɴҹӵͷ
óͻɵĿ˿ࡣ
˵ó˱ӣؿࡣ
д㱳Ժͷˡҡҡӡ
ȻǾžų˷ˡ

ȻȥϢɣдٸ㡣ҡӡ
Уã⵹ùӣҶȥˡóͿɲˡ
˻֣ó˱Ӿˡ
࿴Դ͸ֻƵԽ˵㡣
Ȼ˵˵ģ⵹ùӵֱٰ̬ӻȥ
ǰԽ˰
Ǻ˺ö࣬еϻͻȻͦ»ˣԼӵ㡭
ԽҲӻְƬƲʶߣֱžˣԽ۾ˣӶ⺢ˡ
ԽһһߴǽצӰǽǸһûԽһá
е˾ǱȽ֣ãԽһˣСܵίȽ٣ԻĲ֪Լë
Сһһߴôǣȫ˿ڶҪֱӿ˳
˵ģԽ޳֮ͱȽȻˣͦһ߿һߴһ
óСүƤԽ޵Ĳġ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ޵ģ࣬ʱó

ڶգ໹ûó͹Ÿະ
ʲôҪºҡɫڡ
ϰҹû˯ãóǺġ
óЦ˵ԼǼ콲Ǹ
δ硭迴ſţֱӾͽˣƹҲڰ
ĵ˵óۿɼģᶼɫĻůЩ
óεЦЦ:ǰóĺеġ
Ŷ費ԵĿóתȥ࣬δ磬͵ˣδҪҪ緹
̫Ѩó۵ӣţȳԣҴ·ϴͳȥ
ãδ翴ʱ䰡е죬Ȼˡ赣һȥ˯ˡ
ţ֪ˡ軹Ǻġ
ͳȥˡ
һԼεó͡
Ҳҳȥ˳ץҡһӹȥ
óһӣҲϽȥˡ
˴
һžݵܺǽлţ͵֡
ȥһۡ
һ˻ǶǾʡ˿ڣ۵ͬʱҲӰ˿ʱ䣬Խһ⣬ԽԽԽԽֱۣһѭһ
໳ɣԽܺĵҲ׺ԼĵʵԼ
࿴һȾѪɫɴͷۣ뿴ֱӱ׼Է
óҡӣȻ䡭

ȥιԽȻһƿҩһƿóǰٴͰ죬ͳһֽŵһҩ裬ҩֱӰɴˣȻˮһ˿Χһҩٰ࣬ɴͺˡ
ҩȻĺ˿ࡣ
óֽŵһСҩ裬̵ĻɣʵԽǵùӸҩˡ
ǲǸʲô
ΪʲôȥȥҲȥóǰҩóӴӣĲ
ԲȥͿſ˱ĶĶļˡƶ˸ȡ
óҧҧˡ
óθڣȻ֪ǲôãǲò˵óĺʹѹȥԽܺӻҩĲ
ҩóҡӲײŲȥԽҩˡ
óԽмĶԹã̻Ƚ϶ྫʣҵȻǵı־ͻȽ·ˡ
Ȼ
óӳԵʲôŲӸıңεףԽó˸ҩӣȻһıӣȻģԽ˳ھͰǿҩӸ˶ǡ
ǺǣȥιҰʬ嶼ҲţƨıҡóԽɴҲ²ȥ֣ӷĵҡ
㣡Խ̣оԼеˣͻȻͺû࡭
ò˵ҽļҲҽƷУʼεĲˣֻҪ̬ȻǿԵġ
óͲһˣ֮ǰǸүźĿ֮٣һͨԽԼԶˡ
ԽУ
óһСģѸѪɴֱӸ˺۵СǸᶼˡ
˵ʣû緹ʡĵһĥһ¶Է


68
δ磿һ鱡ĽݵǰóԡһƬ
šĿӳǿ鿴˵Ľóԡ
óϾǺҲǺ㣬˰ʱŰԽˡ
Խĥû࣬ϲɴǸһ㣬㶯ַ
ó߻ûгţǱСͶ˰˵ҩˣſһվûմֶ˼ֻǿó
㲻ֻ˵ˣ͸ҵ𣡡óιԽһ۸뻹Сιҩ
Ŷ˰ӣƵҡ
óͰҩȥԽ
ԽĿ಻ԣҲ㶯ˣֻܿĿóһһ׵Ҩι
ҩһڣԽɫͱˣһţܵί籡ֱӾͿ˳
óеڨڨģ۸һСʲô°
Խ߿ޱߴãһȦͨͨģźÿӣóʱǲСӷˣѵõЩӸԽϵᡣ
Ӻɷ򣬿ʲôޣҪԼҶ˿ڣô𣿡óҩŵһߣ˿Сϱ߰ҩͻȻ
ȻǱ⿪ҩ꣬ҲдģһſСҲʡ¡óתһȦ齻˭ȽϺʡ
˵ͷ
֮ǰ˻ô£ϴĲ˵һССİ˿ڻıóõĶģȻˣҲûҪҪѹեó
Ծ¶Ĳˣֱˣȥˡ
δ硪Ժһʲôһע᷿ſڣˣһѾ깤˵ĺɰ࿴
ܺÿЦЦɡ
ɰǺɫһഩһʵô໹ǺİѺɰϵϣСĵ㸧˸ٸ迴
ЦģȥǺɰӸһ£Ŀ˿
Ӧøδһɫģδ粻ôɫ񡭡һѡ
û£ţ׵ʱٴСڻ
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ǳȥĻͰѸֵˡСͷ
С컻˸ͣһһССķֻСһĿɰ࿴ģ̲ס
˳ȥ֮ǰд˵ĳ˷ھó
ǣ֮óһֱڷĥǸ˷ھ
ߵһʮġóһ߶һ㣬ģԱߵˡ
óạ̊́Ӵž죬һֹ֤ͨȻˣ
˷ھ˿Էһ룬ó˵롣
ƽʱʱ򣬾вһ޾ƶӣ˵ʮӣȻ˵Ļ͵һһļӹȥֱӵʮΪֹǳ鷳˵п
˷ھͲһˣֻҪ˿ھͼ򵥷Ķˣ
ιԽóžĴ̵Ҫ
⼸ʵǻеңҲ˵㣬˵Ҳôʢˡ
ʲôóܺһʶˡ
Ͽܺӿ޵ļĵģҲ۸ˡ
˯ˡҪ˦˺
΢Сӣ߱΢
ó˸ۣãҲüƽϣ̲ų˷ھߡ
óߵſڣͻȻʲô¡
ˣſˣҪҪޣͽ˸öó˦˾С߷Ļžߡ
Խ˶ϷϼһƬҧгݵĶѾϵŴ:ó
ó:ˣ
ˬȥ˱ӣһҲͷأ

ȷʵһ꣬ǱǸС˺ЩĿڶܻӭ
һ̤ȥͿ̨վƹһ·ϴķ׵ˡ
ƹģЩҳ˰µ飬㿴ָŹ̨ϵʮ顣
࿴˿Ȼ˵Ŵ䣬ϴĸɸɾģͷҲãҪǣ࿴˿ɲ
ǽܳɾһҵˡ
˵Ҳû⣬ȥȥˡ
Ӱ˵һѣееӣ˷ͷңǲңֻȱ˼ʫ
δ绹ȱʲô˱µʫڿ
ţȱʫʫǺУЩʫȥһ£ö֮Ҳ򡣡뻹׼ȥƹ֪֪
⼸ʫƹ룬⼸ıȽϿ죬ҲӦʱûˡ
Ȼٿûʫ棬ȻҲ˵ַ˵Ļ͸͹ȥôƹĿöЩЩīֽ֮ģɫǷǳõġ
ǿǰӣ΢ģȣǿĺö
Ҳ˵ͷҪݲܴ£ż
ȴû뵽ԱһֱûߵǸȴˣȻλҪҪֳģһ½ʫ֪費Ҫ
תͷϵЦݴЩ࣬Цȴģһ꣬žãǳкøС
ûɵģã˵ͦʺӵġ
šһ񣬶˵Ǵҹӣġ
ӿȿһһݸࡣ
ò˵дĲˣԭݽдķͬʱҲһϢ
ǱʫԵĿ˿;ˡ
ȻϲԽ֡
ɽԺ񣬶лιӾˮ֮С꣬ҲӣϿǴЩϲ⡣
ﲻףӦʲôˣȻҲǶƤˣӲƹĥЩʱҪ֪ôƷΩжߵʱ˵λǺܸߵģһҲߵģڼմĳûûƤ
ֹһʣ¥顣
˿ƷпԣдҲãѧʿԵĻӻǿԵġ
ൽģۿƾ٣ǲĶ֪Ķ࣬һ̿ƾٵķӣԺҪߵ·Ҳá
ڴ֮ǰҪ̽ʲô˼˽˽ѧΡ
ЩԥȻһʣǵǲʶЩûȥĥꡭ
ȥǰͷľ¥ֹӵдĺãĳֹӺ̽̽֡ҡҡӡ
һԥˡ
˵д֣Ȼǿźÿÿÿֵ˶ڵҹڵ
˵ϵһĿֵˡ
֪


69
಻֪Լ̶̵ʱ䣬Ѿ֪ˡ
ȷʵϲݽ壬ݽ廹ͦ˵ˡ
⡭һ£ͷǹɡ
ЦЦҡӣǰͷ·
¥ʱ㲻˶࣬ģһȥСӭ
λ͹١С˵ӣֵĶһ£ż仹Ǵá
֣żΣͷ˼
ȻûʲôӦµģ飬˵ͷֻ
࿴ţЦݶԱڸղſǿࡣ
ҡӣЦЦżߡ
⡭񵽵ǴСʥ鳤ģһҲñȽأ֮ͥ£е㲻ϰߡ
ҿֲߣֺڿɾͲˣżĪ֡ż£Ź˹ֵ
ⷬԴǿ˵ǹȫ棬ӡ
Ȼ˵ֻܾЦŵ˵ͷЦ⵽ȻЩ
ֲźá̾˿˿ˮźི
֪˭ԱߵСϷţĴԷȲŪȥ
˴ˣʱ˰Ѷ鿴УҲ鿴ĸУˡ
ࡣ൹ǲҴš
֡˹֡
Ҳ̸Ա߿ţĿⶼˡ
ʲôģĲϷ㣬ЩĵҲáͷ
˵ͷ˼ĵġ
Ҳǵ˼ĸֵȴ˰֣ʾͲˡ
˵־¥һܾܲ͸˵ɣǵЩ˵ĶԣȾƵĻҲôܡǿˣǸӵģӵĽˣһʲôûеӣõҲԸ㡣
ˣˣҺȲþơ񲻺˼ҪڴûʲôǮʵǲ˼ˣȥռˡ
Ⱦʲô˼ĪǾнˡЦҡӣһɹ
һ£˼ˡ
ͺСѵȥϲˡ
δɲ̫ܺľơյĶϸ˵
ຬЦ˵ͷһξñ˹ŵĸоǺܲġ
ǰο̵ĵνȣϵչʾ񿴡
Ȼһϵ֣ȫʲô˰Ѳ˵ˣֻ鲻Խͷȥպסĸ̾
⡭λҶƷζ࿴ԽԽۣһһ飬ӶҵܰӶȼ
⡪֪ɷСܽһۣʵϲƤҪϸĿϵ֡
ȻģӾԼƷ˵һѣǰٰѶõĳȥһʲô
ͰӸ˹ȥ
Ű֣˲һǣǰӣһӵĹջЩԼϣϲֻϵֶѡ
ɴóۣӦǸõġ
͵֣;۹ǳĲڣڿ۾ûлư֮ֻü֣ӦǸѧա
ЦЦ赹˱裬˹ȥ
ллδ硣ЦģδΪʲôҪ
֪Լʣ֪֪
֪δʲô£δʲôδ硭û
迴࣬ͷ¿಻ˡ
ಢûвˣ෴ģܸˣȵʱһΧȫ˵Լ뷨ǣʲô¶ǧ˳ģʲô˼أôꡭ
ϲģұԼ뷨裬Ķ࣬ףѣܰԼ뷨Ҫȥȥģװ׵ĶСá
ò˵಻ʲôԣǣǻĳ磬˿˾ֻ
ǵĻûע⵽۵Ķϵ
˽˽⣬ˣִȥǸáѧһĶϸϸĶ
Ķ䱻˵䶼ϢĶӺͨͨһƬȴĸж
δ硪õˣãܵҲôġ
ĲУ۶塣
áְԱߵȴİ𣬡
һȴ񼤶ĿӣʮȽСӣ࿴̹
ô˵ҲԼже˿䣬Ȼǿĵġ
֣ӴӺζԿ˵žòԣЩͻ
ûЩƵ˼˿ڲ裬Ͱ׵Ĳݸ彲˳
˽ءº͵ЦЦ
֪ģЩ˼֣˼֣ðˡ
ûе¡಻ⶼ˻֡
Ųϰߣ׼ȥǰӡ
ȴһĲĿǰӣӶתˣʱʧЦλֹӵͦһˣʲôˡ
ϲ¾ˡ಻ںѰӣͳȥЩȻҲ⡣
ȴæ̧۾ܾ
˲ˣֻǼϲþûĺˣһһ̲ס࿴Щ޹»ȴǵֵĺӡȻϲȣǵǶˣӲãƽ˼Ҷ
ЦЦ磬ֻҡҡȴǸ̽ˡ
ҴСϰ֣ѧľ˵ּġ߰˳ƣһʱ䣬һԿЦ
ིȴȻˡ
ղײգĲԶȥЩīֽ⣬ֲߴͽ̡ȴ˵һһġ
ûסˣȥīֽȥˡ
֪ʲôգǸңΪ˿ġġ߰˳ơġѸոպòǮȥˡ
࿴Ӧ϶ҪԲˣȴǶԼ˳ԣͻȻ;ˡ
ͨոյһ̸࿴óǸѧʵģڣҿԣ˵ƷжҲظҪǣˣر֡
ãôҲð֪ջȥֵʦС
һߣȥ˱īֽ⣬ڴĿտҲˣȴ͵ģ
˵һױīֽ⣬ʱͨ죬ûģҪǣһ뵽ôõ֣Ҫдǰֽϣ;öԲġ߰˳ơĺ֡
û취ٺõģҲˣֻ಻ˡ
ʵϣȻûʲôīˮĥīֽ̿Ϳʼ׼дˣԱ߼Ŀţ൱ֽֽıԵ
ЦЦʼ±ʡ
Ϊһ鷨ңʾһ±ʣܰ˶дˡ


70
ĳѣΨԳڡ̶̵ʮ֣д۾űʷߣסˡ
仰.ӽ˾ѫбҵ:Ըʫᣬֻѡееھһ
дˣ±ʣһŷӦ˹ֽͨ:֪ſɲСġ
˵Ǻܲ˼ģģֱ˼ɫ
аȥͺã˸ӡ
ȻһֹţȲˣ͵ֻ࣬ʲô
ˬ춼ЦЦֻҼһܵܣɲãƽȽæµû취Խ̵׼һҿѧƷнϼѣ֪ԸԸǵܵܵҡҡ
ȴЩԥˡ
ֽֽ˽ָϽɿȥֽˣ˿
࿴Цˡ
ǵܵӺܹɣụ̀ܽδˣдҲҲãҪƴǳɺáҲ˵ˣô˵ҲΪ֣ûȴԱ߰仰Ҳ˵
⡭ԥҪǣҪҲܣֻһ¡
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̾˿ѱīֽһЩͨͨķڰϣŸིˡ
ҲǲԸ⣬ֻǶԹСа䣬ϵĸո˷ܵκҲȥˣʿŰ׵е㲡ƮƮġ
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лΣʵһֱҲǼ£ĴֻȨƣҲֻһСţ첲šȣ˵Ҳû̾˿Ƶģô˵ҲûţҲû˵Ҳ˵ˡ
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ֻȽϲҵǣ׼꣬׼ȥˣүүȴȥˣû취ֻТˣһТһ߶飬˹꣬Т׼ڶΣɵǣùõˮˣֻܴǳˣεʱ岻ãϵǰϦȴ;ƿݣ徣һꡭ
඼ˣǺõùһӡ
ʵҲʲôȻһֱТǺȫûѧϰÿ飬˵ڣᣬԵõó֣ͷһ
ȻֻһССţǸ˳飬ֻĻԣֻǺþ
Т׼ĴΣεǷǳ˳ˣҺԾķǳ
ֻڶ죬ȥʦңһ𿼾ٵͬһȥ˷ҲɽԺɽһȾƶ⡣
ãϯԵ˷̲סЩȵκģ˭֪ôΪʲôģڶѹͷԼʦŮĴϣûӦͱɽЩͬ׽ڴˡ
СʦʲôֻĬĬĿޣȴʵС
ҪǾƺʧ£ҲˣԣǣȻŴ£ʶȴǱȽģóһʦϵĶ⡭
ǸʶףһҵĹӣĴ˻ûϣƽǼǴ˸Ÿɡ
û뵽ôࡣ
ʦŮɰ뻹ڣ׼ѹҲŮˣֻѧȴǲҪˡ
Ϊ¾ôȥˣȴû뵽ȫֻǸʼ
֪ʲôʱ򣬽ͷβĶԵԼʦĺԺԶʦŮΪ졭
ԽԽױǮȥģʦҵСܲסϵɱˣӣ׼̸һ»µĶʦҲ׵
ǣһʱʲôûˣɨأָָ㣬СˣʦҵС㣬ûеСһ
ոճİֱӾͱߣˡ
ϢһûסȥˣзˣǰҲûͦסȥˣֻʣԼһġ

һ
ǺõùһӰҵ಻֪￪ʼˡ
̾˿סۿͨ񣬸ı
ȻԹֻ֣еľǻģְˣĳȻֵƷеġһ𣬸˸
ˣȴûޣֻۿͨͨġ
΢ᣬҲû˵ұ֮ǿЦ̾˿ϷʮľԼĻƱԼ㶪ˡ
ԣιӻɣǻҵܵܡһʵϵˡ
Ҿ־ͷǳ֮ʡЦЦСϲˣͣס˻ӡ
˵һһ룬ģ֪Եɡ
ȲɫˣСȥˣ˲źý
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;ˣǰѰЦЦóǰνӡ
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ЦЦӼ죬ûʲôͬ𣿡
ôһᣬóԼȷʵЩ仯
óʱһηյ̫ˣóһһ㲻ͷۣǡ
ǰӼ죬ûͷ۹
˾ۣͰǰǶܸоĵ˿ˮ
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ã֪ˡóе㲻ǰӣȻҳǮӣ͵ɵǮôŲ˽ȱĶ㲹ô
óͷۣò˸ܰæĺöܲ
㲻ʺ϶ʵأˮ磬˻збóһۡ
Ķ͸˵ɡùܡ
̸ãԼʲôͻԵĵϲԶˡ



74
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ǰԺö࣬Ƕȥˣô죬᲻̫ˣŵࡣ
һЦ˳ȥĶͷ
˵ȻðÿԺδһͱȽϴ䰡ٳߵ㣬Ժøδߣȼû˸۸ˡ౧˱е㵣ĵС
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δﶼãǲϲţûţǼŵģһ㲻ţҲ׳ţϡ
Ц̵ģմǣŹֵģÿˡ
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óȴڴĴС
šó˵ͷŰűߣʵе졣
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óһЦСŵĲ˵ˡ
һǾԽЦ㲻ƮҪɧɧ㣬㿴һۣ죬Ƿ
ܺһܽ
˰ᣬóͰѼ߸ˣȻͿʼԼˮ
ˡó쿪ʼûлȥһֱܣ;ҲûôϢˮ
ԽƲƲ죬ĬĬ˵ûйأͳȴû˵óֶΡ
˵Ļǰӡóˮͷ༸ԽϿˡ֡
ҸԽ־ϲԼϾȥȻຣˡ

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ԽŲŵӣóҲû˵ʲôת࣬ˣⵥ㿴򹳵ĶǱڶµģͲҪˣõˡ
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ĥĥʱ䣬ó˴˻Ѿ㶨ˣȻ᳡˾ĶһһɫӣϸݵҪǷ·ӯһգƮƮģɫ԰ףһɲ̬üЩŲദӣ󻹸һȺˡ
ԽſڵķۿˣСǳһͿ޵ˮġ
෭˸ۣҲʮ꣬ǰûԽ㽿ƸУСһֹ¡
ٿȥǿȥ䵭˵
ԽˣʱҭסˣȻһ춯صĿá
ȻԽͣˣü嶼ģɱˡ
ȥ㸸ȥɣڰῪˣӦþ㸸ˣȥɡ෭˸ۣСߣҲˣҲεĲˣźˡ
ԽȴǱɤƵģȻҡҡͷŵöˡ
ССԽҡͷҡķɿ졣
Բܻȥ˽ˣǸҰһ㶼ˣҲʹһȴʮַĴһˣҪôѾˣҪôǸĴǳΣա
Ҫ֪ʲһֱͷﰵﲻ֪˶˽Ҫһľв˵أ
ԽǼǵãﱻֱһӣʣﶼµȥֶˣôܻ
ңЩǺõ֤
УҲܻȥﲻжٵˣһȥһ֣ҸҲԽɤеơ
Ҳ֪綼ˣٵʲôź׵ľͱնݳ˰ɡ
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СͷԽԽÿˣںڷֳ˳ָϵȵ˿񣬺ĲС
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ϲҿ㿴Ǹû˻ʱǾͰɡùǸᵥӣ˿迴еǰӡ
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࣬Ƕ᳡Ӳ˵档
ȥſڵĹֻʮŵӡ࿴Խһкӣǿ޿ġ
Խ۾ͨͨģĥĥġ
һüԽϾͶˣƨƨߵܵſڣſڵĹｲ
ÿαһ۵ĶӼ۵ĵͼ۾Ϳˡһһ鶼ۣɴԼĳ۹ſڵСｲˡ
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˵ͷԽͰĻˣڲǽ
:
ʲôëһġ
ԽۺỨԼжĿһģ˶ȥˡ
ٿޣ͸վſȥ顣


75
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ͿһʾۣſڵĹ͸Ͻӣʼۣһǧʮ
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޵ĲĹɫÿӡ

Խ󣬶ҲԽˣı
νǵȣνȣһѣܵ׼ۣʮÿμӼ۲һĹŷӵļӣƳһȦ
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꣬ϵĶˣ˵Ҳͽˣ̨Ĺȴû̧̧֣ʾһҪ˵
죬ǻһҪģֻΪ֮Ǿûлڻϣ԰꣬ᱡĹһһÿ䶼Ƿ飬һҲɹİ˵ĺĶ˳
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ӣһŴչིһŬģԺδ磬Ҳδ統ˡ
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ԽһľȻһۣͿ춼
񣬻񡭡֪ʲô˵ĶƵġ
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ȡңûʲôȻĶۣøСƨٽʲô
ãٷ֮ٵģܺӻ߳ŭ

ߵžǽȻˡ
ƱˣȡǰӣִֵĿʵԣ͵ģеҡҡûʲôоͷ
Ǯͱóȥ˸Сͷ˵Ǵһȥ
ü˵ͷתֻ˻֣óϽæȥˡ
ǲǲÿϸӣԽľãƽʱҡȣǴֲ˺ö࣬ҡʲô壬ֶûδдĺÿ
δѺӻ˰ôӣ۵ĲУԽļᶨԺŬ׬Ǯδ磬ȻδٳҵˣһҪδöĺö
۵ģԽûۿȴ̲ס뿪ŷ⿴


76

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Խǰɹһӣֱֱķǳ׼мŷ촦Ŀסš
Խ̲ͣסǰû
Խ˿һ㶼ƣȴûΪ촷ۡ
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ΪʲôԽüѹԼүƢҾ롭
㲻Ҫ룬ԽҾ㣬֪Ϊʲô𣿡һ
ΪʲôҲ֪Խȷʵǲ֪
Ϊҿóϵ˵ضһЦ



77
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֮ǲǰɣԽһ˵Թ
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Խŵе㶣˺һתͷȥŵķ򡪡
ͿǰŷıѾˣϻһֻıӣһЩرıƬ
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ʵҲԲңһصٿʱˣͳҩͿˡõҩ
Խһһһ졣
ȥҸԽҩ
üԡ
ҩԽųȥֻʣԽһķ

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ллԽ˴߿ĥĥߵĴߡ
лҡҡӡ
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֪ԽȻࡣ
Ȼ࿴ƢãǣԵĿš


78
ڷ˵ʱԽŷʱѾ̫ˣٴȥˣȻ˶ɣŴȥԷȥˡ
ãҳȥԷ֮ҲԺ͵͵ߣȥȥ࣬ɽشꡣ鰲ź˲źðȳȥԷ
֪ˡԽʾԼ㲻һСˣҪ˷ǿˣҼסˡ
˵ͷߵſڣͻȻʲôƵģת˻ˣ˸ӡ
һʼ׼ʮæһԽָǧԽѣԽûл£Խ˵ĻȻٸԽЩǮ÷Щ
ҲˡԽѰ˼ԼҲûʲôǮĵط
ѹǮԽһӣǮҪ˽Ǯİ
Ѱ˼ԼҲǸ˺üʮӵˣӻǮҲû°ɡ
֪ˡԽӦˣȥȥԷչ˺Լ̫ͣʱԷҩҲҪԣҪ伲ҽ
ԽۿԼҪˣܴʵģԼǻزˣԽҲе߶
Ҳ֪ˡЦЦӵĿԽųȥˡ
ԽĿţͻȻһᣬͻȻˡ
ԽΪӺɷѪᣬ˳ӣʵȥ
ٿһڵĳ裬ԽӰ߳

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79
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ܣ뿴ԽͻȻ;رʡģرɣر𵥴رɰرĺá
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80
óԽԽԤ֪ǿ뵽˵جΰ֪
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81
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šůůģҲ࣬ͺιȥˣ㡣
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˿꣬͵͵ĸԽ˸ɰ
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˺ö࣬ô֮ǰһը
һ㣬ܿģģǱѾͷˣٹЩӣҾ˹ȥ͵͵ĽߣͲҪˡ¶ԽʡԽҵġ
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84
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һеԽ
·˯ϲ඼ˣĲ硣Į顣
ԽĬŲ𴲡
Ͱ㸸˽ǮҸ㱣ܡЦа
ô֪Խסɰ
ʾΪһҹԼվҵҵɵĿǸɫĺɰء
Խ˱죬̵ˡ
վˣϺ࿴ԽŤŤվûʲôһעԵڴּ˯ˡ
ǳҪǵʱ䣬͹ԹԵİ˽Ǯɡ࿴СһûͷҲǷˡ
֪ˡһȺʲ׼ѹߣѹС
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˲ʱԺʼϴ׼ˡ
ڶװˣ춫࣬С̧˼ˣҲͲˡ
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룬һҲнĸˣ裬ܵܡ
ôһ룬ɴó֮һȥ̯ϳһӣͽϳظˡ
СŴĴڣ̫ȥ
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˵˻Ϳʼжˣһжȷʵǲ㣬ڼСѾͷܰæˡ
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ֻǹŴĻѲرһ춼ĲС
൹ǲȱǮֻһǮĺ÷ӡ
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85
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ţȳٸԱߣҡ˶Ըо⣬Ҳĺܡ
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86
Ҫеˣܣ㲻㽲Ȼ󵹴һ˵㲻
еģ㣬ѧҲ͵ģԼ۲ϣ˵ʲôȳʶǡ
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šһ䣬ȻϢɣҿƤˡЦЦסͷ
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֣Խʱ磬ȴ࣬ȴҴϲŴſʼɵģҲǶ徭ֶ¹ˡЦţСͷ
֪Ϊʲô簲֮󣬶ʱ֪ʵԽԽǿǲĸˣСҲϲϲСͷ
ģߣСͷֱҪ̫ˡ
ȻǴӦˣСҲ͡
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88
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øҸˣҺҪٱˮǿɾ飬òҪ֪ʲôСУϾͰӽңٽ֪ˣ˻Ҫʲôҩ㿴᲻ðƤŵӡ


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֪𲻸ŵ̧ͷ
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ƫƫ֪תšĲС
ĹӲΪʲôҪʸ֦
ͨ͸ϱϱߵĻ±Ҳ±ߵҪǲͻȥ˵ģ
֪ҵĳҲã˲ˣ±ߵҲãˣҲûʲô飬֪Ȼ˵ûкһҲǳԵʢʣµķˣǺҳԵһסҲǲ
һؼ벻֪ʲôĵط

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ǰ׵Ժ󣬿ʼ˼Ļ¡
˺ĻڵգҲʮһ·ݡ
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һ룬񶼵ȥˣһֱĶý˰ڰϯʲôġ
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ȴǰ˰֣ʾⲻãδڼҵҾУȥ׬Ǯδ硫
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ŶԽ
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￴̫ϲ̨ÿ棬ۿɫ࣬˶˺Щ뿴ڱ߽һĲʹ⹫Ȼסˡ
˵᲻¶ȵģǺõġ
̫æˡ಻ȱǮ
֣ͿҰɣҰʵ⹫Ϊҹ֮ຮ￴⹫ʵһĲʹϣȥ߿һ۵ʹػҲܣϾԼ⹫ҲиģһӢ۳ĺȴһĲʹʵ˲꣬ػһڵۡ
üԼһһϽؾϸָĵ˼ˣһ΢仯Щʱ򣬾۵Ӷס
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С˵ͷۿŲˣҪҪ³Է
ֳвӦĵػ·һߣҶʳǿ
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߹ӣԽڻʼҵһŵߡ
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ʶüػؼңǻôһ¡
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ţ߹ӵʢػԽ䲻ȵģҲûʲôֺá
ֿ˿ػֿ˿Խ죬רĵĵŲ˶׼Է
Ȼһ档
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ϵ⡢һʱϣô͹Сң߰ζҩͷͶˣҳװţһ˽аʱڷԭ֭ɱԺ˿˿ˡȵʱˡ͡Сһųԡ
һһ棬ԵҲ
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90
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ػԼеѡ
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Ȳ裬СҲѧ˴µػһĺס


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ػüСһʶԷԼǳԵĿġ
ԽĲУ۵ģԴɵĶԼˡ
ġԽίͰ͡
ߡүѰһʶ

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˵ⷬ۵ػ˸ۣͷŤһˡ
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鶼ָ˵ͷʾ֪ˡ
ͷˣЦȥˡ
ԷԵǹӡ
ñ࣬˼裬ǲ̫ȣһ߳Թӣһߺȼ˱ˮǲˮرĽ񫡣
ػԵͨͨģˮ࣬ǵñеóıػΪʾ
ػûע⣬ԼʲôʲôԵĿɿġ
óĬĬ˵һҵɵӡ
Խȴһе㲻۾Ǳʹһܡ
ģЦĳɺͳһӶûСԽĴԼǰĹϡ
Ҫ԰ֻĬĬԱ߸Խһ
Խһǿ鱻ĶǶĹĽ
߽ľǣͳӡԽһĽһֹġ
СԴôʲôҵĹʯͷ𣿡
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ÿʱر
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ߣͳԽĺһ
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ԽŤͷ
࿴˿ػֿ˿óٿ˿СӵԽ
ܽᣬ϶Խߣûʲôˣ࣬һپͺˡ
һܽᣬ춨Խδµ


92
˷ͣˡ
䵹Ǹ⡣
󡪡
ԽȺִպһɣó˯Խķ䡣üһ·䣬ػ˯˯ĵط
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ϣȥϧһ
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⡭ԥ㿴Ҫûʲô£ҾȻȥˣϵ¶ҵøϽȥǽһʡǵġ
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ҡҲǡ۵˻һǶ࣬æʵǲʹģϻȥ˰
Ѧüָ˵:أĪǾǴģǣݶԸˣ
迴˿ںͷЦҲǻӣЦһ
ءǳǳЦЦû˵߳
Ҿ˵ҴСųĺøݶϵ³ҽģǼ谡¡ѦüЦĿ΢Щ
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ҾͿóǸײϵģͼԼϺӣܱ˵״ָϵýӶ᲻á

ͷԷɡ
ǲ֪˵ƤܺӣߵǷǺڰײ֣ƤĿȳǽ
䣿
ǣǵģ󲮼ҴֻǼöû˵ȥǼһѡ
ôǰˣôȥôС֣˲û΢İһѣǡ
ҵĵضռȥˣͼıҵʱոոǺ˲õĴӡ
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ͬʱ඼ʼǺˣȴ˲Ҫ޵УҼװϵãúô
δ͵塣
ʾǺǡ
Բܰδ͸ˣ
ɱˣ
԰ѴӸˣȻİ
裬ɥʲô˼ѦƤһʱӸԲˣֵһ׺
ҧҧýһķˣȡ͵ҵ棬Ѳɣ
ޣѦϻŸ첲ĭֱɵָصģ޲ðͷŵȫһ顣
ɥǣ˰ҪôˣѦϷ˸ۣҿǸСǣ˴СôˣýȴǲԸ⣬壬ظСı˳ˮͷιȥ
˵ˣԣͷķߣıմ˵ӣҪǲԸҲԲҪҲȥӣ㲻ҪҾԲǣҪָҪʲôĻҲǼģ
ǣöǵΪϸˣҾͲôˣѦӶҪɳˣʲôιӣǸû壬Ųţϱ壬ܰԼȥ
ǺǡǿɵƵĿѦһۣͷûֱӾˡ
ˣԼԼĺͷ˺Щ
ͷ壬üȫıƻĲˡ
δ尡δӣҲδϵϸΪѦϷҪһСľͰϵקˡ
Ķǹ뷨


93
裿һţô˰
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ôˣһ˭ǼˣôˣԹסƿˣ£ıӣʵ
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94
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ţ費⣬Ӷδϲǿ


95
Ժ˰ҸϳȥҾ˯Ķߣ˵ϢӺͨͨġ
ͷȴ;ЦˣҲδģ
ô᣿ⶺ迪ģҪɲҪҸϳȥˡ
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96
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һԸδ򰡡
ԼδȻýƸģһȱǰɡ
ûжԱȾû˺
࣬ٿԼδ򣬶һ߽ĳ嶯
ԸԼδӰû
˵ʲô˳ĸߴΣճӣǿɾ
˱ˡ
Щ
ҿЬӲ࿴һЬ
˿ģͦصһ
δ硪ԼЩЬӣһ黹ûȥء
û£촩Щӣٺòˡ˻֣˫ЬӣҲ
ס࣬ԾˣˣͲ࿴ˡ
˲ׯͰ磬ŵʮ㣬ʱ仹磬Ҳȥ𴦹ȥ
λǣʵλȴֻһ
ָ׶ͷ
Ų˿أ
ǺǡЦҾͲȥˣͷɹǹЩӣһȥһˣҪļǴս߽ģϸţȴһ
ൣĶ衣
ȴЦȻ󡪡
ý˵ʲôû尡֪ǲ˵ģԹ
㣡Ȼ˦ߡ
Сһ೯ЦЦ
δ硫躦ߵЦЦ
ͻȻľԼΪʲôҲһء
ԼԼе㰭ۡ
Цźٹˡ
ӽͷһһȥǺ«Բԣ
ţҳһͺˡ
áһ衭
ҧһٸࡣ
಻⣬ҧһ
ԼԼĸǺ«ͻȻǺ«ǽ̫ɽ̫ᡭ
ĶĶе塪
εЦЦȻҼﻹе¶Ͳλˣȥ߶ˡ
ͷı飬Ȼ
ͻȻμһֵֹ磬ͷ˽ֵֹĻͷһԹͺʺڵĶ
ĳͷԹĸо
Щ뷢Ц
ǺãСԼ˻֡
̳һֻֻ֣ܻ˻˵֡
ǿЦЦͷѾСͷҲصķˡ
С㡫ѾͷںͷҪ׷СĲˣҲǱ߰
㶮ʲôͷҲصģƫƫȳߵĿ죬ڸͶ̥ƵģСҲǿǿ׷ϣСͻȻȥԴǵϣ
ǲȥԹˣ
ΪһѾδŮˣʾĽ
Ц
Ѿͷ׹ŶͷûѶԴһˡ
һߣĴڵĹ
Сձÿ࿴һž͸ɸɾһƤ¯ӣŵС÷ձŸͷһһķͦģҲͦµģÿóԵӣü׼Щ
Ļǵʳ
ձôģ࿴һĻƲӲӵСձ
ʮǮ߸ǮձǸͲСӣƾɵǸɸɾģЦǺǵ˿žġ
ͦģǾ͡ׯӶˣʮĵİɡ
տ͹٣ҪֿĻǿ˵ģװձһֽõķġ
˵İɡԼʱԣûҪҪֿġ
ȵȣҪֿװɡ衣
ϡСֽװѾù˵ģֽİ˵ձƤ¯ڱڣһ¯׵̼𣬺ýձĸЩ
ձȥʱпҲĿЩվԱߣ¯һֽ˾һȳһ
òóԣò
΢÷˺壬óԡ
˵ͷ
ձЩ̵ģһ߳ԣһ߽˵ġ
֣͹ٵձúáСĴõݹҲˬ춼Ǯ
͹١Сȴס࣬͹ԵȰ
ţͷ
ͷˣ̷άȴԼе⡣
ƽ￴ϰ߱˽ۣǱ۽ϰˣȻ䣬ͻȻˣ˼۸񣬽۶ûУֱˣе㲻Ӧ
ҪȻͿ͹һ֥ձɡ̷άεĺ
üˡ
ҪҪģλ͹չ⣬ҲۣҾ͸ձҲ󣬾ллλ͹ٵˡ̷άݻ˻֣˿ӿʼձ
üҲûߣһһģֿձһһĸȫˡ
ֱձ
ǲǶ飿ӹձ
̷άݾȵ̧ͷ
ȷʵǶ飬ɽصСԺѧģҶĻǣʱ˲ãҵ䣬ǶˣҲ꣬Ҷ˵Ĺȴǲңֻ֧˸ձ̯ӣҲάһʱ
ҿȻ飿һ
ῴ࣬óǺӲǽ֮ţһСӽסһ˲䣬ͻȻǣ
ֵǣ
еˡ
š̷άݵ˵ͷ
ͦá˵ͷ
ǲô죬ǣȴҲûдٺ׽ʲôġ
ϾҪ˵ĻǱȽģ˵֪˾ͻı䡣
ǣ뿪ϸϸĹ˵̡
ͶʱأǱ仯˺Щ
δ翴ǱߡЦŸָһ·
üȥǸӡ
ó̡ЦŽͣҲ׼ҲɽصС棬ֻһûʲô
һЩʵҡҡӡ
ɻ󣬡δ˵Ʊ𣿡
ֻǡЦҡҡͷгֻȵʱھͲˣұڸƷ˸ӡ
ʲôӣóſڿɵ¶ЩļУδ˵ʲô
ĻЩٸ˵üǸֱķѾоˣʱ죬ʱЩˣҵ뷨Ҳ㿴ˡ
𣿡̧ͷһΪҪþء
źԼ˵ûãҡ
ûҵʯѽ
һεеɻˣܶʱδܴҳЩҪĶ
ʱȫʲôûУתֱ˽ҶӸǡ
죬Ұοÿ˶ԼܣôǿδеһжҾҲδ˺ܶ飬
һ룬ܶˣǡ
δЦĿġ
#Ĳ⣿#ģͻȻðô仰
СȷԼǽģǡ

š˵ͷˣҲͻȻǸط֪ԼȥһˣȻʯӽˮˮֱӽˡ


100
δ֪࣬ڡ
š濴ԼСͷɽ֮ǰ·Ǳߡ
Ŷ˵ͷǾĻô
ȲʵԼ׬Ǯƻ룬׬Ǯδ硪
̲ס
Ȼɣġ
裬ҪսǰߣŬ׬Ǯҡ
δ硣
˽֣ǣֻؼңĶȻеСͻȥ
룬ٵǲ㡣
ܹǱߣȥѰ˵飬ȴʱԵĸǳˣʱĪð취ֻܿԼˡ
ʵΪһԽǧСˣֶһȺˣҪ˵ĻҲάһׯӣʲôճȶ֮ķ㣬Ļ
ʾׯﶼнŵģҲҪ˶źš
ׯӣ緹ˣְŸ˷ˣ˲ǳ˷
Ե㷹һзŵСǰҪ̫ģСĶʹ
áСɵĵ˵ͷԹԵİѹ֭ŵһߡ
˱Ĺ֭ǳˬǳСüͻȻ˱ˮ裬ܵЩҹϲ
ϾҲ֪ŮӻСһ㶼ȽϲĶˮ裬ζˮ࣬мټЩȣúֽٺòġ
δͻȻһ뷨СȲģ۾ģ佱һҿˮ裬Ӧûܵӭδأ
šҡҡӣһСͷǸ⣬ȳԷ극˵
Ц̵ģԹԵĳ˷ʱʱٸӲˣɿɰ
üСͷ
һҪ׬ǮҲҪڱְ֧
˷ȥ鷿̸ˮ¡
Ѿó˵һˡƱķӺˮķӸ迴һ¡
СΪóֻǽƱķû뵽ˮҲһˡ
ȥóһҵʯİЦš
ûʲô
ģҿľǿԵģҪʲôġ
óǱߣԽ㣬첻ҵֻ֪ԽһĻ˺
üȥó֮ǰóúõ̸һ̸
ΪһɹˣʾԼҪΪ谵һеɨɾ

ׯڣһߣɾͲˡ
ΪһɽɳȥĽˣΪԼһȣûòУָ׶
ˣԱŮǧ£һӦϽȥ֡
ʲôüźۼͷ⿴˿ɿ֡
ˡǧ¸Ͻһ
źãǧҷˣǸٲ˵ӣ΢ǵһ˳ģϵĶʹˡ
ʲôңǧ²˳
ӣЩˣҲˣҲʹˣֵ˵
澻һ
ɫۿɼɭ
ǧ¡һ΢ЦҲǡ
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ˡǧȻԹޣȴֻ
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ǧ꾫Ӹӵָ̧ǧһ⡣
¼Ѿͷ˴Ҳˣ㻹ҿޣһӣԳƵ׶񣬡޸˭أ˵ٸӿɥ
ǧ۾ﺬᣬҡͷū澲ǡˡ
ѹŻȥԿ޵Ŀǧһ⡣
ҹȥޡ˸ָ⣬ҿһɥȥúõĺɥȥ
ǧ¶ס˳ȥ
ߣӶҪɶˣҲֻǺ˵һ䣬İǣ
ûɥʧǡ
С¿ȷʵ˸÷ϸ룬ôõܣ֮ǰ
ң룬߶Ӧòѣʱ򡭡
ūhƣһ仧ܸԼһ˵ݣ˵ĻԲͨСһļ򵥡
ˣõܣʱҪǿϣúദҲˣС
һѱСķ

ҪģͽգԼûһˡ
Լûмʱ裬Լ˼֡
Сʱһֻηηһ㣬ţûܶùԼɣ
ָЦЦȻǲܵġ

ϻʱ͸ү顣
ү~ЦǧģתԴӼңЩûȥˣμʵˣȥ
ūhȦе죬˴ᣬү۵ҪĸᣬҲأȥȥɣѾͷСסϼҲ޷ֻæȷʵû취һȥˣЩҲȫ
Ȧ˵ͷ￪ʼ㿪ˡ
ԴүӿʼӴ⣬үǮƹܵϣƽʱҲûжɢӣ
üЦЦүԼˣ϶֧ЩҲ޷ġ
ȥﲻνҴÿ͵ĽȱǾ˵ģӶ֧ɣЩʲôˣӵȻҪԼ
һ룬ЦˣЦ绨ĸүвˣǻӿүֱü
ɧһСӲ17꣬ѹס£ЦǸӣĲС
ˡ19꣬˵һЩģ˰֣ܵܵ˲Ҫ˵ˣԷɣ
Сüķһۣŷ߷߲ƽĵͷԷ

ڶһ磬𴲾ͷѾˣ̸Ǻóһæˮӵ顣
ϱŬȻҲиü극תÿ̵µˮε׹ӡ
ˮε׹ӣۿɼıƽҪС࣬ͬʱõ̻࣬ͨڵƵĵϣ̹ںܶ࣬ߵ飬ķֺ
˼ң˵ҪȥѰǸý˵飬ŹžȻˡ
̾˿
Ҫȥ׹ӵʱһˡ

ڶһ磬˷֧ӣһŮһСˣԾĻȥˡ
ˡ˵ǧڣǧϵûкãȷʵܴȥˣҵ̡
֪ˡģȥľˡ
ǧڵ˵ͷֻǹɵӦǣ͸æȥˡ
ôãǧ¿̫ӣǧȴǿһǧڿǸӣԼȷʵͷֵġ
ǧףȻǰԵ
ɿǧ´ܳ϶ǰӡ޵۾ˡ
ˡǧ˵ģΪʱϣȵĲͷĶеĵģ߰˰ˡ
ãɣ˵ͷ
ǧ˿ԹԵ˳С˳Ĭĸ˳һ·Сׯȥ

ˡеһƬرխ·ȴݵƳ
ʲô£Ĳˡ
ˣݵС˴ˣҰѳƳ
֪ˡŵϵ࣬Ĳˣ⴩µ廨ЬɲΪ԰ڣŪ԰ʲô
ӣǲƳֻƳƳ˳
ȷʵǲƳǧȥæİѳӸ˳ȥ
˳СעţЩĸϻСŴ塭
ڡ
ǰģûʲôˣϵͷɻȥˣֻкǱš
ˣڵˡС˹ؾصġ
ӿһۣȴǿûʲôڣǲ
ߣúõҫҫء
еʧӣС˸ϻؼҾˡ
СӦǡ
кȴǸصġ
תת
ϣⲻżҵ𣿡һк
һ¶ʱҲȥֵġ
Ƿ֬һƬС
ӵۿɼĻɬŶ˸㶮Ҷ񡪡
ùǡüкԼﶼеŻŸϳˡ
С˹ԹԵĸϳк˺ͷ
ޡӶķ˿ڣʲô浱ԼǸ߸ϵķˡ


101
˼ҡ
ȴҲ˼ңɲɵģ˵ĳ·ˡ
óһ˵ô
š˵ͷҲ˵Ҵ󲮼ҵý㡣
óȻü
ǹϵãı鶼ˡ
û¶ǻǵġóҡҡӣ˵ʲôأֻһ
˵ͷó˵ϾʵڲǺϲý㣬ǱϾڴ棬Ȼõѡ
ϧԸ⵱ɲԸ⣬ҪأɾΪ衪Ǹ˿͸һ๫
ô񣬡ſˣˣȴһкԸý𣿡
óüҡӲ˵
üֻ뷭۶
ý㣿ӣ¶˸ͷҲûȥֱӸкղ
ղЦЦ֪
ȻĿţСС˰Ϲȥˡ
СС˰Ϲȥ
С˰Ϲȥˡ
Ϲȥˡ
Ϲȥˡ
ȥˡ
óЦЦҡҡӣʾ
óݶ࣬ĸ׶ǸüļƷӵݣ᲻ˣͷǸ̹
ӾͲʲôˡó⣬ҲˣóҲûʲô˼ˣֱڿ˵ֻˡ
˵ͷĹһֱȻЩνûʲô飬ģСԼСʱ򿴵İ׻һĻҲһַԵĶġ
óĶԣûбҪིʲôֻˣ˵˷ʱ䡣
ʾԼˮӻڵӪأȫûʱЩ߶˵ġ
ԭؿСԶǵúݺݵһԱߵСˡ
СǸ˵ģҲôῴɫͳ
ʲôۡݺݵһС˵ĸ첲ǸˣӴҲˣ㻹ҸҹУ
ǧüĸ첲ˣͷء˿Ц
ȻҲһ磬޺޵һС˵ĸ첲
С˳ǧСĵЦЦǧڵ˵ͷ
ӡǧڸ򣬡ɱӡ
һǰȥˣϵıҲת
ǧһ
ȵżңǧڲ֪

һߣСóׯӣþͿѧϢֺԽٻȥ顣
涨ÿʱСʹһ£Ҳʹǻһ۲ƣͣʡýۡ
ԽֱۣãﵹͦĵģһͿó
ԽʱҧĿ֨֨졣
迴˿Խֿ˿ó
#ô£#ʱ޿̲ڴһϢ
û¡óҡҡӣתˡ
ЦЦֺԽ䣬Ҳóһȥ̸Ʊ¡
ԽĲУóݺݵط˸ۡ
ȥ̸Ʊһ̸̸˳Էʱ䣬ԷĻֵµɽóĲԸ
ʲôҪݽ档ó벻ףµĲ
סͷ徻׹һգѡ
ɰóӶˡ
徻
ѹֵðôߣžš
ó˸ۣҡǰ档
Ҳšһ£תһɡ˵ͷͷɱɹˡ
óͷð˼ٿԼֻ޲̫Լɹˡ
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Խֹģͷǡһ
үֶ˱ˮ裬ͷȵĶθڵģ֪ϲүθڡ
û£ȵСˮȵÿģһѹˮӵ룬δ糢
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ೢһڣȷʵǲɫÿ˵ζŨŨ֭ζƬƬӿӰȷʵ
˵ͷСĴ˿϶
ЦЦҾЩС㻹Сӿ϶ϲ
š࿴۾ʢʵĹâ裬ﱻһ£̲סСͷ

˷׹þͲһβˣҲͲȥˣֱڲԿʼǸ׹ӡ
£û࣬תóȥʯɽ
ڸɾӿ׬Ǯδ;ġ
޵Цһ£óü
˵ԼҲǸֻǵǴûһϲһˣ׼ӡ
ЦôҸóһ飬ֱèצ˼Ƶġ
ĽЩͲס

Ҳ֪ó˵ݣҪһȴѵ
ЩҲͰˣҪ˵ȥʵֵĻȴһ㡣
óǸĻ̻ӵĻ̸ۼ޶˵ңԶ
˵óƴʲתԺΧլתó϶һٸԸġ
Կ˵Ǹ˸и˸ÿ˶Լ׷Ķˡ
ԸҲģỹᡭ
óԼҪˡ
ɽϸĻһµʯĵط
СˣɽͷƵת˰磬ҵ赱Ǹط
ǣóϸϸһ¡
š˵ͷתͷСˮʯһá
óͿһˮݵĵط˪Ľ
ҿһ¡һ£ģһ
ˣСѱƬó˿
óҡҡӣǵһμô
Ȼˡ
˵ͷҲ˿ûǴ˵ط
Ȼطҵˣʣµȥˡó˻֣̫죬ȵòУֱۻûûǻȥɡ
˵ͷû෴
Ͼ겻ǵһλģʱδ
Ҳáҡҡӡ
ó̲ס࿴ۡ
ǾµĿе㻨ڵһǲࡪ
ȹ̽ɿȹǣǡдһʫ
滨ţഺഺ¹˭ۣ꣬ꡣ
ü御򭣬ǧۣۡɫĺƣҲ˼Ҳ˼
һ׹ԹʫǾ䡰ɫĺƣҲ˼Ҳ˼ˡ
óüĿ˻
ȣһ㶼ȣӡ
û⣬Ͼóӣö˵ġ
ׯӣںȲ裬һı
̧ʾ⡣
ôӱͷ˸ƿӣݸ裬Ȳȣˮ裿
ˮͷӱ飬Ƿű򣬺ʵҪǰ߸ϸһЩ
ҵˡӹˮ裬һЦ
üǾͺˣʣµĵȾˣͱȥɹˣٱˡ
áǸ׵ƿССĸԼһڣúȡ
šҡҡӣϲͺãģʱ򶼸Ӹ㣬ЩҲˡ
İ辪ϲллδ磬δҲҪ̫డ
ࡣ˸׹ӳó˵˵ǲҪȥسǱߣǾػȥɡ
û˼˴ˡ
óССڵĺűˮ裬ٿԼɹһȦܵȻ˫˺
óƲƲ죬׹ӱƿˮԼȡ
֪ˡóźúȵˮ裬аȥˡ
ȥسѡַСͷ
ԽദԽСɰĲУҲԽͷ
áѾ˼뷨ˣ׼࿴һȻˮλá
˵ǸʯƱӦòѰɣôó׼
ףгǺеġ
ʱ塣ó˻֡
˵Ǳģ壬ҲǴ˶ó˵
ˮ˲ȴκ˵ӯ
óͷԣһ̸⣬ĿǮˡ
üҡҡӣǼҵ̸ͺãҲκϣ˵ͺá
óͷ裬Цŵ˵ͷ
һԣ
ó͸ǲȴǳ߼̵ͷԡ
Ҫǰ˼ţ̸ĻԿЩҪ˽̸
óԼóȥЩ棬һڰˮˡ


102
׹ӸػȥڶȴҪŵġ
һ
ϳСˣڳͷҡӡ
Ȳȡ໹ãһŵĺ
Ҫˣ˷ˣ̫ˣҲˡ
¸ߣһȣоͱͨ˸ܲȣ
ȡǳʵоУżӱˮ裬ﻹű裬ʵʵ˵ȡ
šҵĸҡӡ
ӦǲȣǿСһͷĺ;ȣ۵
һ䣬һȽȡ
ЩЦס֣ˣ治ȣȵҲ˶
Ҳȡһ֣Χ¶ԼڣȷʵǸоȡ
ϸ˿࣬ȷʵǣ׵ϰ㺹Ʋ档
Ӹ˲޽ǣû
ֱǳϦԣ軹ױ޵
ûȥ֣ϴβǸһôš
ϴǸ㱻ߡЩġ
Ȼ춼Щ¶ǣȴȥˡ
ʲô趼ͷľʹžˣ´θ㿴ļױƸкЩأѲɶȥˣ
ʱˣպһƬ
ӣСҡҡӡ
˳
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Ѱ˼ض
һϽֵβͣһ䲻ĶС¥֮ǰĵģװ޵ͦÿġ
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103
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104
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105
ߣڵ˵⼸һֱڽӼüֶ̣ò׻һ˼ɲ͵
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Ѧģܲ⡣
Լǵȶ˵¶ҲˣĸɱֻԣһСİѼˣҶУȥԺɻˡ
ҡͨ죬˦˦ӿһۡȥŵųԷˡ
ˡǧӸ˲ͷϵĺȵġ
ǧǰǰ츮ãбģʱʵżҿûУҷְʵܵ
ǧڿ˿ֻüͷҪһˡ
ǰ˵˼һ±Ƚĵ仧û뵽仧仹ҡǧֻÿԺһ۶۾
ʵԺ棬ʵһңѦƽʱֱȽҲû˳ʰԺĵϺЩƤ˸ӣǼܣԺﻹкЩطɢɢɢ˺öļʺǧڿһ۾;Ż
ټѦƽʱôϲʰϲҰҷ߰һѣʵҵаհ
ǧֱüſҲе㲻
ȻһŮҲûסôĵطֿžаհ۾ĵطǧһӶûпΡ
ǧЦ仧Ůӣ׾Ǹ仧˷ˣҲǸ߹ģһģҲǿһǷ˿Цȥʵ˿ſЦˡ
֪ǧ룬ǧɫģӸ˲ǵĺɫ΢ЩȥǱ߿վͻسȥ
ԷʱȻûǧںСԷģѦרŸ׼Щڳͳˡ
Ȼģһϡ࣬һһⶼĳǧˡ
ǧһӶûгԹôķˡ
ҲǲģȻɱһֻѦСİһֻˣͷҲܿЩӣûж⣬Ȼһࡣ
ڿ˿ĺͷǿ뿴һۣ˵ˣҲͺ˵࣬˸ӡ
ȣҲûжθڣҲöûд
ǳ극һǧںС׼ȥ
һǿǱߣһأ׼ȥѦڳԷ˵ׯӡ
û뵽ɨܰϸԵ
ԾԼѹһͷͻȻľܹϺӣǼ䲻ˬġ
е˾ϣԼܹķǳã˷ıõĻͻﲻƽ⡣
ˡ
ԶĺӣȻＫĲ̹ģ޲ðƻ˲źá
ˡǧСĵظͷ˰ӸССš
һ㣬û𣡡оѶҪĺ͸ˣǧһӣʱͲˬ
Դӳ˳Ǿ;ûһ˳ĵġ
ǡǧڸϽȡ
ûɫģǲûǰ𣿻ȥ˰ѹߡңԱߵСˣһ˸Ӵ򲻳ƨӣӦ
ûģүɲǸ˸Ӵ򲻳ƨģ߷·𴵸һһȤ
ʵû˼ˡ
ټ꣬ûиӣүͷ
ԷʱѦϾͼ򵥵ĸָһׯӵķ򣬲ûи˵˾ĵطҲǳǷĿĵһ¡
Ҫ˵࣬ɽׯӣʵ̫ˣҲžͿˡ
ɡüҿű츮Ҫɣ໹ǸˣҲסׯ⣬Ҫˡ
ޡҲ䡣ݺݵһڡ
ׯſڣڹţСǰš
ʲô˰ŵҲǸСˣʲô¶
ǡ˵һͻȻ˶٣ǵӦûûףʲôͳˡ
תһ룬ɲҲǸģûأ͸סׯϣûû
һ΢Ц֪ý㡣
ý㣿ŵС˲ԣʵƽʱĶĿˣٷȷʵˣһ˸ý㣬С˱ʾʶȥ
һͻˡ
ôһˣСվţҲҰ͵ʲôھͶЩġ
ſڵС˾͸ҰŽȥˡ
ƽʱٷҲǺܱһˣ˵ԸºͲˣôﻹиýġ
ſĲУ֮ʵ̫ȣɹϵױȫοˣʹŰһƬһƬģʵеֱӣаհ
ŵС˿˶ֱЦȻһŴĺˡ
ûð
ʲôִͷϾ˸ӾȥˣҰҹ棬ǸˣСԲ˶ߡ
ſڿŵСܹרŸģׯӵһҪʵʲôˣ֪һɲʲô߶˵Ķӡ
˵ҪǴͷׯˣЩƤģ˶һ磬ʵ˷ʤܹûа취ֻܳ²ߡ
ҲãҲûЩʲôúദ
ͬİ·ҲͰˡ
һģǴСĮ۸ĳģЩֵ߶ȴʵûʲôҪģܹôһ˵ֱͬˡ
൹û뵽Լһͬ⣬øԼ鷳
̫ɹһۿſŵСǿ϶Լˣ˵˺ЩĻߵˡ
ǧ̲סЦǱסˣ˸ӣ
˳̫ˣױˡǧСĵָָϵױ
ǵͨ죬ǧҲһ澣ܿ𣬷¶Ҫ˶ֵĻʲôã
ǧ΢ɲüͷûӸϸϸİϻױ˸ɾ
ɾֻﶼ˳ǻسвʣΪˡ
רһˣһ·ôĿ࣬ſˣȥˣôܸģ
̫̫ң̫ضɹЩʱԼܻᱻɹ
û취ֻһʱȻȥˣ̫ô˵
ȥʱһ˹ׯӵķߡ
һЩûϳ¡
ǵԼ޵ʱ򣬴峤ҵŮܰ²ǸʮСܲͷ


106
´һɫˮСƯ
ܰ¿۾һ
ⲻ𣿡ȴк
ş̧̌򦣬ϳ˵ӣţⲻ𣿡
﷭˸ۣѰ˼װʲôҷء
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һûгЩ¶󲻹ãүֳһףȥģȻȢˡ
ȻǸˣڵǰװ˴ҷ˵ļӣƲƲ죬ҲѰ˼Լ䲻䡣
ǣǸҰСѾͷ˵仰𽵹ˡ
˶һۣһЦŵǺгŤͷȥȴ˶˸ۡ
üûˡЦЦ츮ķˣֻһ峤Ůǲ˵Щ̫ˣ֮ҪȥôͻȻˣ
ѽüЦЦǰЩӣУҿɫú䣬յУһҲɢɢǡ
ϵױȫˣʵ˵϶ÿƫƫһʢ˵ӣ׵ͷʵЩаհ
Цһֻÿһ۶Щۡ
Т˳ŮǶõһǰЩӻҪ㿴롣ﺰŽ㣬ŻҪ˵ôߣ
üҼǵкһ·أôȣôôԶ
û£ó緹ɢɢġЦЩţ˷ʳҲá
˵Ķԡһͬĵ˵ͷ˵˵ط衭
¹⻰˵һһ룬ý˵
ȻȻһȤһ䣬裿
㻹֪𣿡ЦЦ㣬ضɹѽȻҼȥҷúģúþҲûˡ
˼һ󣬲ֵĵ˵ͷ
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һҲǷǳ˽µģ֪һɫǮơ
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ǮȨƶģͬʱҲḯʴһˡ
˽ǮòãͷٿԶԶ裬ȻӵӵеĶ󣬻ܹġ
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ЦǺǵŶԷĻ¼ңȥµķɡ
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ôҪһֱʵʵı۸ãһһˣ϶Ĳ
䲻һ
һʼҲǿģ೤ĺѧʻãҵҲ¿Ψһһˡ
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˼ǵʱֱҩǱ߶¹ȥǱߵĻӺŶȥ
ʱһãȿԻ裬ֿԸԳ
²ò˵ȷʵһ÷ӣȻһĵֶΡ
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˽£һֱͱµһ³⣬Ŀ⸶֮
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Ҳûʲôһǽˡһͬˣ̺ԥģԼСڴóһҩҩЧԼúõš
ЦЦʾԼ֪ˡ
Ҳ͵˵ͷϾ´Сһ𳤴һ۾ͿˣҪٶ˵Щʲôˡ
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ý㣿ظһ飬ܹ֮Ϊý˾ֻһȻ׼Ĳ
û£ʲôҪˡ˻ŷȥˡ
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òҲˣȥ˸ԺȥһȥԷ
δ硣ٵСߵһļһ࣬ԳԷˡ
֮ˣˣͣˡ
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ţ۾۵ĳݡ
ᡭ

ڶһ迴˿̫඼ˡһ˯ʵе
ϴȥڿһ£迴໹ϱڵ
սһǺġ
˵Ҫһͷ棬ٿڵ̺ӣ̲סĸж͡
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δ磬̫ɹִ۾ôݵѽԱߵĵϡZϫҡ
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ЩģŲźۼһ䣬ˣôҡ࡯
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԰ѿ̵һߣתȥͷԺɲܺôˣȶƬˡ
š˵ͷΪ費˵ʱͻȻ˵һ䣬Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻˡ
δ确࡯ĲУ̧ͷȥࡣ
˵ͷȴһ
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ԡ˵ͷеͰӳȡ

ߵĻһ컹ûڵʱͿʼˣĻ˷ڲĻͿԲ࿪ʼ˯ˣʡ˷ѵ͡
̫һɽʹһȥˡ
ԲҲ̫ϾڹŴ˵Ļ廹ǿģƷΧҲǱȽ϶ģһ˵ܶʱܺһģЩвûӸҲ͸ˣûʲôˡ
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˴峤ҵʱһȥͿЦӭιѽ
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ˡ˰֣¹ǣùǡ
һ仰˸ϲŹҳЩЦ
԰סӣԼͺã鷳
һˣ㣡
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Цŵ˵ͷȥָ˸ӣ
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ˣˡվ˰֣ǣ֣ԼȥС
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δ硪Щ˼ڿء
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Ե㣬˾ͻȥҲûʲô˵ģﰲοԼ
ϲδ磬ֻҪδ硪
δԶԼġ
#ģһ˼主󻨡#ͻȻиͻأ˵һ䡣
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ֱ߿Žȥˡ
ȸٶԱһԼеˣԼֱ˹ҩԣָϽȥץҩ
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ǸҩҩЧĻȽֺ˺ЩƣʵЩܲס̲סȥ
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һʼȻѪӿһȵܣһֱû⣬ĶҪˡ
۵ĲУŵˣһҪӱĻ˻ȥôֶΣ

ȹˡҩЧſʼЧŽƽǿΪĹһֱԭĻ˯˹ȥ
ԱˮС֣Ϊд˯ЩŻȥúϷЩ顣
ȻһȥԷһƭ֣ľ뺦ǡ
ԭ뷹ϯϵʱΣѲ³϶ΪҪ·һ𡪡
أͬҩ׼ô
಻롭
ȭĿ֨֨졪
ô磬մ㵹۾
Щֶ֮ǰ಻ϵͳڣûгԹû뵽˵Ǹϵ磬ˡ
˵
඼еúЦ
˯ˣཥҲӿЩ˯⣬˾ҽ˯ˡ
ڶһһѹͿͷ˯ϡ


108
δ硪СĽࡣ
췢ʲô¶һһϧ
Ǹ¾Ȼδ磬ϧ쾹ȻûС
һŻһһҪ뷽跨Ҳȥ
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ʵ岻ǶܣǿôţҲû˵
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ˡһ裬δĴδһʣ¶һû˵
һԥİ֮˵˳ּ֮Ȧ
ΪһΪ磬׶ӣʾķʽͬ
һ֮ˣȻۿʲô仯ȴһ󸣱쵹ùˣ˵峤һˡ
Ա֤һҵѪùˣҪǻʾΪ׶ӣٳԱܸӵĵù
Լ޷ҩһƾͳˣʱ˿̵ȴöʲô˻
еȤǣڲʱ򣬾Ȼ㵽ҲУҰ˲Сá
ҩøµģҲĶµģ³⡭
üָ̧ĸֳ֮ʮȦ
ͷĹȻɺޣڱ˵ǹʹ豧мĶͬĴĵߡ
δ磬رܣԼвУ迴˼ȴǰס֣˵
ţüô˵
һƽʱĹɣ©צСè
࿴ΣͻȻЦЦ
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ʱˣȻڵʱСȥسǡ
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ඨĿһۣû˵ģֻ˵µĻһңҿ԰㣬ҲԸ⣬һˡ
߹ǧ磬ܶܶĴˣҲЩرߣȻ֪ʵͦģϲ裬ֻ޲ʲô¶ˣʲô¶޾ϸĸ谲ŵװ׵ģֻ費ôѡ
̾˿֪ΪʲôͻȻԼϸһ

ſڣس˷ʹСȥسǡ
߿Щ֮ǰ̫ҩһˡ˳ˡ
ǡСûĻĬĸϳ
СֻҪԭ
ڵʱһ³ø̫ҩ̵Ĺʱ䡣
С绹Եһ¡˻֡
ˡСԽŹţϽ˰֡
ץҩġЦŰſϣƫƫСǺͲš
ץʲôҩģСزţֻȥˣõʦѾȥһˣҪǿɡ
áһ飬Ҫӡߴӡ޽ʡʲݡ
ˣءߴӡԶ־ζӡ˿ҲҪһЩ׼
һֲУԵڶ֣֮ҪһʧС
ҩ̵Сһɻĸҩץˡ
ֻǸѧͽûѧҩֻѧʶҩģҲ֪ץЩҩʲôǻҩ̵ʦڣǾǲô׵ĸˡ
һʼ˵ڵҩҲ㣬ֻøСҩͯץҩҪʦûߣٵȵȵġ
˵ǽˡ
ٰҩƺˣ³ԵĶȥˡ
#ôأݻȥ죬ͨȥҩӺŶ»ͷѶԷԼȥιҩ˹ȥ#֪һ˵һӦӦ֮ǰ¡
費֪ΪʲôͻȻ֣Ϊ˴Ŀģֶεˡ
סԼ
üǷԱԼķӣ費òϣԷķӸá
üöԷķˡ
ˣҩȥɡЦЦŽ죬Լпա
ڶһ죬迪ʼ¥ĶˣҲ¥˽µʱ˲ٵ趼һһļˣʱóãǷǳķ㣬ĶŪģġ
˶ʮľ¥£˵װ֮ģǴЩСþߣҩ¥ҩ
ѧʶֺҲĶ飬鷿Щֵֹ飬ʱСˣȤԿ˺Щһҩ䣬Ǿķӡˡ
ķӾǴҩ￴˵ġ
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ȥ趪ӹȥҪǰ¶
ϣүǰ±֤ףү¾ܷԸڵǸѴ۾Ļ죬ϻ˹
š˵ͷݵԼ˸ӴţЩ̱
ϸϸİѼƻ˵һ飬ĵͷ
е鷳һӵӣɨһȦ
贩һĺѣɫƵĶӣŻĲУźЩȫһ·ġ
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ͷ¾ֻûˣ͵˰Ϣˡ
ˮ¥װ޵ĺܿ죬ٶȼۿɼģ費֪ķ¥ȥľ۸100ʮɣÿԼʱһ죬Ͷʮӡ
ҵľӣҲһңҲ͵һŬЩӡ
ʴǰǰ󲻵ʮ죬Ĳ¥װ߰˰ˣҲʣһЩ߽߱ǽǵĶЩĻĻƴɨˣҲʹİѹǮˣĸһ˰һС
һľȻǻϲϲĽСֱǸҡ
ʣµʱĻ迪ʼˡ
ΪˮСĻ˵ҪǲǺܸߣȼɾȻ˳ĻЩˡ
軹һ뷨ŮӸ
Ĳ¥ҪĿͻĻǸŮӣʴ˵ĻиŮСĻ᲻ӷһЩϾСĻԽͣطҪӵġ
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ȻŮӺ͸Ķ࣬Ǵ׺󻰾Ͳڹйôˣټ迪ǮʵǱȽϸߵˣԲþ˺ЩĸŮӡ
ǽһһԣѡʮˣǻģҲ㲻㻵ġ
ھʱڵԵԱѵ֪ô£ͻȻһʾļƻˡ
ʱѵСˣ軻ȥǸӡ
ǸӿǻרҵȥĵطǸͬ˵һȥȫûţǳӿģ徻˵Ա߻ȥĶķ
赽ӿڣͿ֮ǰŸЩе۾
ˣ豧ؿˡ
ǸոմСׯûüǺأû뵽͹ˡ
ѽүɣϢأˡ߸ӵĻְŵųһˡ
ˡһ쿴ɫ߸ӵĻû˵Ͼʹˡ
֪ѾˣҲͲٶ˵ʲôˣһ̧˸ĺɰȥ
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ͳһѵӶ̫˿
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üܵĵ˵ͷذ׺ϲˡ


109
½ˣˮ¥Ҳװ޵ĲˣСҲҺѵòˣҲüûˣҲеԸСǸ˵һţԼȥһˡ
ߵʱ֪Ϊʲôίʱȴֻ۵ˮһ
δ~~ûȥͷֱ֣ӻׯӣѰȥˡ
ٶе죬඼еģˣۼֿһѰ̻ˡ
໳˸˸ɵƣࡣ
һ~޲§Ĳӣһȥ
ü첻ܾδÿˡ
ʵҲȷʵˣ첻ϲţԾլڷټ׶ӵݣ˳ɵͻˡ
Ҳ֪ɵϵ˭趨ģ֮رϴ˵壬ԽԽ٣˶ƮƮһ⻷һ
δ磬֪ΪʲôԼЩܾЩĲܼˣվԱߣһе㺦£Ҫµǲģôش
ôһȦǲǱ߳ԲҲ˯ã൹ûĶϴ˸ܾùͷһЩˡ
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ôˣ֮ǰұһ£Ӧ2ͷ
Цһ£Ϊѵõɡ
ôͷСһʱٻ࿴˿ʵϸС飬̲סۣðʱѧЩĵģѺһǾȥԵİɡ
˵ͷ
֪Ϊʲô಻ʣ跴ӵ
δﵽʲô˼أ
᲻Ǿ̫ˣȻ̫ʧʶʰ
뵽̲סһ׼һȥԵĵ࣬δ粻ʲô𣿡
㣿ͷͷʲôʲôȻԵɡ
ǡЩԥһ಻ҲãԼҲһһʳ¡Ļ˵һתȥɫ
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δ᲻áһ񶾵Ļص˰
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̫ˡûУĺû˵һ
ˣΪ˵̫ϵˣ̲סİ˱ڻģ£δ硪
˵ͷһ࣬
Сֻ࣬ôᶨľƫ

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æҲûʲôʱ䣬ҲûôСѧϰ˳һ¡
ôˣ࿴ԽһԲӣüͷ塣
ѧ˺Щ̸ѧϰϲ޾ϸİѧϰĺ齲
ֵԽԽȴ죬ʲô˵ֻһ
ü
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ȷʵʴӱҺѧϰԽ̾˿˿ƵĲ̧ͷ˵ԽҲǷǳˡ
ҡԽǰҲôϲѧϰӳ͸һȣѧϰѧϰûвŻԵòôҪˣǲ֪Ϊʲôʱ˿ԽѧôԽȴͻȻһֺ̧ͷ˵ĸо
ֻһѧϰѧʲôʵ˵ˡ࿴ԽûԽ˼
ǾǡҲΣʲôĶûбԽͷɥ˵
˵ͷ
ξУҲ淴ĻķôҪ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôʱĻǿģܶʲô˼ȱ˵ȻԼ
һͨȥ˼µʲô˼ġ
Ļ෴ͬϾԽݣԺӦòȥƿģȻ˵ĻĲĵľͲôҪˡ
Ҫ¶ȻȥҪԽΣ˼ܺӵһԽ˵һѧϰˡ
Խû뵽ѧϰѧྐྵȻˣһʱЩ㡣
Щ֪Щ˵ԶԶȶȥõĶࡣԽͷ
Сѧϰöͦġ
˵ֲ֪˵ûͯԣҪҽ̽徭ãȷʵ̲˵ģԽμµͯԵĻֿҪ֮ǰͻȻˣ꿪ʼͯϢ
ֲżֲţǲģľˣЩӵ͸ǽЩЦЦʱÿŲڿξˡ
ڣר˸Сѧõģһ죬һΪѧʱ䣬ϢҲݽˡ
˵ͷҲһʯͷ˵ء
˵Ҳ֪ܲܵˣǱƱоˣٹÿѧϿεʱ򶼻ż࿴Сͷ󺹵ӣףЩЩҲСѧϰרġ
ллθ硪ֵ֪￪ʼƱÿȵˮ涼źö飬û뵽θ羹Ȼݳ޵ѧźü
һֱԱûô˵ȥˣ˵ʵסĸߵĺôǣ극ȥʳ
δˡסֽ˽
ʲôģܵҲҵܵѽ֣ǰ档
·óó迴ĺԼ

һºУԳƵǼɹˡ
ԭҩȥ˴ͷڴھֺеӺŶôɣ˻ʶ
˶кƽʱҲһȾƴҡӶǮҲûиӺŶ˵֮ģֱӺӺŶ˵Ūһҩ˵ƯСӣԸԸиϱܰų⣬æ
ӺŶͷһתŻò»ǸƻŮ˵Ǵ峤
кʱ
кһķӡ
кҩڵУԶԷӵºļѰ˳˰ʱٹȥ
һ£˵ôùû¶ֱӵĵĸĶҳԣƫƫģǵ׶ӣĸ˵˳֮˵ùˮһʱ֮Ҳûж룬ôֱӸȥˡ
ʱҩЧкżͷû˽ȥ
ƫƫľôù峤ʹ峤ˣɢŲأ峤ͻȻҧһڣϽȥ˭֪һȥ᷿µķ䴫˺Щֵ
峤ϴ˿ڵҩ峤˴ȥʱ򣬲ĵ
ŶǸкֺеĶĸαŮĴϣ˻
Ŷ۸Ů峤һϣ졣
ץ˸ӣ峤˾Ŷк
ոձҧòϴ˿ڣӷϵĴ峤˶ϽȴǰһĻֱӸ˹ȥ
峤һʼûϸֻ֪Ŷ۸Ůû뵽εſˣȴûӦŶ
峤˲ôҪŮзˣϽҲˣ˴峤ȥš

һ͸Ϸ绯ˡ
Ҫô˵ùأõֶʵƫƫ˱֮ùӦ
ӽȥʱѶѸɾˣ׹ػһʰ
ƫƫôɣҪǱѦϺ׵ˣǵǻпΪԼŮһƫƫүüûһ¸أ׼һȥ
ˣһȥүûüüأڽС
үһʱˣȥͷһơ
Ҿ֪㲻ǸֵģүһʱĹûιȥ
߳Եûô࣬ҩЧǺܿȥˣβҲˣֱ˵ϴȻүͣԼ޹ģǱôĶҩ
ƾĽͷϳһͷӣǿ˭Ҳܿ
κүͿ˳ˣ꣬Ǯ˺ЩûһүͿˣõô˻ݵ


110
үһƣ
ŵү˵֪˵ļˡ
ǵԼֻǳӹĵġ
ּӣֶǾԲġ
ƫƫ֪ô£һҲˣ͹ʹˡ
ѦϽˡ
⡭ѦҲˣŮ֪ģıߣôΪŸкǸӵкԼ˵ݷŽŵ²ȣ⡭Ůп϶ģȻȳȥȿˮҺúǼ֪򲻿¶ġ
ү˿Ѧϣٿ˸ӣûü·Цһ
ˡү˰֣Ǽ˭˭жۣǵŮˣ°ɡ
˵ʵүҲʮˣѦϾȻ䣬һЩѦһŮгȷʵ˾ЩЦǣү仰ȴѦż
Ů˲֪㻹֪𣿡ѦϿ˿ٿ˿үǼ޹ȥҲ֮ˣǸʲôӵˣ֪ģ˵˵һλᣬҺú϶
үһûһֱۣӾͳȥˣѦϼæվԱߵŸʹ˸ɫȥֱӸˡ
ŸüͲŮֳһ£òü˳˷ˣò׻ңֲظŷ֮£Ÿǿһ۶Ӷ࣬ҲȥȰүˣֻŵĸں棬Ĳ֪ýЩʲô
Ѧȴûȥ˾ǰһء
ҴҪġѦץ˸к
Ǿ䲻ҪģҲ֪ƺӡ
ӵãѦϴϣĴӴܣѦϴҲͰˣһСıߣ˷ţǼӶ˵ıߣǿģȻдۼѾˣżˣѦϻʱͻˡ
һֻ첲ѹץסˣѦ϶ãʹһţֱӾ͸ѦϵԵڵϡ
ѦЩܻʲôТŮ
ûзӦʱѦڵϿĨ
ôТŮСͲ׽Ҳ˵ҲԼҵһɫǸֻ֪ȨƵģûûȥһۣò׻һأڼҸСƵģʲôҲ˵ָɳô¶˵仹ˣ㻹ҴҡѦϲܲ˵ļɤӿ
ʱˡ
ûǽӼüÿԼĪͼʮӣؼʱﲻ˵Ϻȣһһ졪
үȷʵҲûߣͣ棬ֱӴӳֽʳԺŸһûһ졣
˵ջûأѦ
ү°͵˵㷿ŵķٿ˿Ÿ
Ÿһʱ̺ˣ֪춪ˣһӶ˻Ҫ࣬ŸԼ̧ͷүѦ϶ʱһ޳
ﻹû꣬Ҳû·ȥүֱһֽ飬ֱӾˡ
ŸȻûȥ˼ҡ
Ѧһʼӵģ˼죬ѦϵϣͷͲš
˺ˣȥһȴүӰûˡ
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㻹ʡŸһ۶ֻƲȥ˵ϵ飬ˣ˷顣
ʱӶˡ
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Ǹ˽ӣãܼǲ˶ãҪһ㣬޲õʱɱ㣬㵱ʱܣ˼ǳƵϡ
ҲһҧĿ֨֨졣
ŸʱͲˣһƾˡ
Ժʱ
ӳᣬϽ˳ȥ

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ﶼޣֻֻδ棬費֪ΪʲôͻȻô仰
ȻҪĻȫûбҪѶľעڱϡ
δ硪߿ڵӣ˵ǸˮݣҰϴ˵Ĵװ޵ҲˣСҵĶǸŮӣҲѵĲˣҲʱҵˡ
üͷָһ£ҿǸӣȻ͵ʱҵɡ
󣿡ǰԽ޼ɵˣ°ֱӿϣſŸིʱĻ᲻̫ˣ
ᡪ˰֣ʱá
ҵǿԸ⡪࿴ЩĵӣЩЦһĻѡۿӪۿӪԼ˵ǸƷۣۿӪӭ˿ٻǮ
ۿۣ˵ͷˮʵǴ󣬾δ˵һЩۿ۳ȥҲ޷ģһжʲô
ƷӪǿǸˮĲݣȴһЩûƳСģǰСĴ¿˻һСģܲܿ˻ӭҲһռ˵ĸо
ŶС赽ھ̷滹Щֵģ˵ȻҲˣء
ǷǳȤ
ֻȴû뵽ƽʱŲմ˼̻δ磬ȻԾ̷о
ĻӪӪܹȶܶĿȺ壬ֵͨĻۣƶһĽʩͨιβμĳӻԻýƷԽõĽƷԽ࣬ӶͿԴﵽסȶˣͱˮۼʮӣʲôʲôӦˣôԼͿԼˡ࿴ĺѧ̲סЦ
δЦʲô˿ڲ裬˵Сģһûô׼أʦҲû롭
Ļǲż࿴ֿϽСͷʱдŷӸˣȥóǱҸյģ߻ĵĶУĵĻʱƳ֣ȿʲôӦƳƷˡ
Ҳǡüͷչδ
һСԴЦŽ˵:ؾǣҪͷ˿ͣĻҵһ⣬ҵЩž˸̼ҵķˣûҵ֮ǰһᡭ
һ˵ˣǡ
δ᲻᲻ãе㲻˼Ͼ˻ûгء
ûϵҲǶ˵ģĻ㾡þˡСϱȻǿõġ
Ŷ˵ͷллδ~
еĻԿչӪҵȥŻݣȻǿһŻ죬ԺЩشգҲԿչŻۣܵĿǰ˿ڲ裬ʣµһˡ
Ǳʼǰоδ署ÿһֶá
Цͷû£ʲôģʱضңԺʲôģʲôҲҡ
ͨˡ
ͷһһ磬ȥԷʱ򣬿ŷŵ̷άݣ⼸Լжլ
ԴˣûȥԹˣĸʿһܵţ̷άݺ˶֪
ҲȷʵǲЩ˵͵ԼģҲȷʵǶûʲôעǼҩȻˣûˡ
ʱȴû̷άݡ
ʱܹ˵ȥʯ̷άݸȥˡֵ֪Щ
ʵ̷ֶάݵĸйٻǷǳģ̷άݱȻ֮Ըò˵ϲ鷳һǸ֪ͼˣû취̫»رɨذæĲֺ⼸˺ˣĸܹ³ȥʯ
ټԱһÿ۸ڶ֫ڣȲ֣۸ֵͣ鶼۵ĹӸԽһȣǱȥˡ
ң̷ֵ֪άݺѧÿϲվѧſΣˣȥ飬ɨɨҡ
һĿˣ̷άݵĺøֱ
ֵǲΪ̷ά˵ûģ֮ǰû̷άһԷľ
˵ͷˮ˿ڡ
˷ʹ̷άȥˡ
ʱһ¥ϵǸһЩȻҲ֪ĸˡ
ó̷άݵνˡ
Ȼˣ౾Ҳ̷άݸйٲԽһҲûʲôԵġ
һ·ȥȻûôúˣǻǷǳÿģ̷άݿһЩĿϾӡ
ȥ鷿˵
Ҽǵã֮ǰ˵飿


111
̷άգգ۾ǡ
˵ͷ֮ǰô
š̷άݵ֪ô˵ˣʵ̷άݶǷǳģֻԼ˵ԼĺãһԿĸо
˼꣬Ǹ̷ͯάǸĹ򲻿ܻǮ̷άѧģ̷άѧǮ̷άݻСʱͿʼܣһֱܵʮһ꣬ǮܵĲ࣬Ҳ̷άȥѧˣֻǶ꣬Ҳ̷ά;ƿˣָϣȻҲϲѧˡ
̷άҲǶꡭ
úֺԽࡪ
˵ûʲôˣ̧ۿһЩнС
ǡ̷άݵͷˣЩѹ
պʲô㣿̫ѨͷΡ
׼ԶЩҪл˵ľ֮պ󶨵ЧȮ֮ͣѱ˴˶顣ͱʮ̷ά֪Լɽشȥˣûسǻȥ
Ȯ֮͵ǲء˰֣޴ȥׯӰɣҿͦģͺԽһɡ
࿴СȻ֪Ȼǵ̷άԺȴһڹٳϻķˮһ࣬Ե֣Ȼˣ£źһѣҲ㲻ʲô
⡭̷άݱͻİҵһɣ͵̧ͷࡪ
ʲô࿴СֻԲ۾͸¶Ųŵ񣬲ɵЩЦׯСģúѧ͵ҸͶˡ
ʱʵ˲ͶʻͦģиһЩȽвŵպһеڣҲٳϴߡ
ֻǣ̷άϸ˿ԼŶ꣬ͬЩͯʵڣ̷άԼϿʲôֵעԸɡ
̷άΨһ뵽ĿܾǡȷʵǸ֮ˣǸˣ
Ҫ֪˭ڻĽҰ￴ϱͱʮĲ֪ǻˣĸȥȣ
ˣ಻ׯӣֻش֪˶ٺҩȻӲ˻
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̷άص˵ͷ
ˣҪûʲô¶Ȼȥɡ˻֣쿪ʼȥѧϿΰɣϢʱ͸ֺԽһ
ǡ̷άѧ

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δո̸ʲôһ仰ǲڡ
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δ硪軻˸ƣԹԵĻ
Ҳ֪ô£ͦͣ챧һر
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û취Щ˺Ͳһײһ֮ǰҲȷʵûлʶһЩˡ
Ҳ찡ǰдãдûдֵģʱȥһͷˣ˰ɢȥ
æȻǲ˰װæѾѰ˼ҪЩȥˡ
⡭еԥǲе̫ˣ
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Ŷáʶĵ˵ͷַӦǡ
ܾδС⿴ùѽ
ӪҲͰˣôδͷȥ˰æ
ҲС¡ҡҡӣҪú⣬δָء
ıĵϷŪߺʲô
ǡ
ͻȻһֽݲδܸ߳С
дӡ˵ͷֻдٺʣ
֮ǰѧֵʱЩдľÿǷǳˣдд˼µӣҲǴ´ˡ
дʮŰɡ˼һ£صСʽһ㷴ޣҪڶʮ˾㹻ˡ
˵ͷ׼ȥдˡ
ʲôһ裬ɴдɡ
ҲģǺǺܸɴԱţǡ
͸ˡ

ڶһ磬ʹȥسá
ϡʦү˵һϲȵģȷʵ˹ˡ
㲻ʲôͣʦүɫúܶࡣЦЦʦүҪȥ£
ءʦүֺǺǵģξǡ
ݼһˡЦš
ξ˾Ƚȥɣ˸ոճ緹ʦүЦеģϻ£Ͳξ˽ȥˣ壬ξ˵СȣȻȥͨһˡ
ϡڵǰξ롪
ǾͶлʦүˡЦŵ˵ͷ
޷޷ʦүЦŵ˵ͷһȱˮƾˡ
ЦǺǵ˵ͷٹ迪ӿţʱʱҪʦүȼġ
ãʱҿɾ͵ⱭˡʦүֺǺǵģ˵ҲϽȥ
ȥ֮С΢һͻ˵˺ͷ롣
ҡҡһȥˡ
λСӸū澵롪ߵϾһŮˣҼҷͤǱߵСӡ
迴࣬ŵ˵ͷˡ
߾ͼȥ˵鷿

ˡȥͤþͿŸķ˺ͷվ˼ŮȺ
ض񡪡Ǹӣټ࣬ǰδСȻ
Աϣ˲Ҫźá轭ŵｻվŵŮ
ЦЦ˵ͷŮŰˣȥˡ
ҿ˵ξ²ǲ֪ʲô£˿ЩнԵ˱ƹȥЦſ˸Ц
Ͻ˰֣ҲûʲôԿףš׼һˮݿҵյУڳϽĸĵǼˮݺȺȲ衪
ȲѽЦŵ˵ͷһѰ˼ʲô¶أôصôнŻǼ¶أȺȲˣԺҲǳ۵ģα˼⣿
˵ͷЩȣǡһ󣬲֪һ˵һ߿˵ɫ
ʲôġ˺˵ǸֱĿģֱ˵ˣҲţܰæȻǺõġ
ӳһʮǷ˵ģʣµĲ֪ܷæַһ£ҽӴ٣δ֮ǰǾʿȷʵ˽ⲻ࣬Ҳֱˡ
Сһ׮˺˿ڲ裬ƽкЩõķˣƽڼҲģýĲ۾Ҳá
˿
ˡ
һˣȷʵҪʼ׼Ĳˡ
һĻʱȷʵҲȽϸˣԾûлȥֱȥˮݣʼ׼׼ʲô
ָˮ裬ģĻ˶¶Ⱦ͸߻ȣȻΧҪٰЩ裬ֻǺȲĻҪϷӰɡһ˵һ߿ࡣ
Ķ࣬ϷҿͲˣҲǶȲ˵ϷӼ벻Ҳ̲ҿһ磬˵ں߶˵Ҳһҡҡӡ
ûдţ̫ضվһͷĺ࿴ĵΡ
˵ͷʱҲȷʵȽϸҲûа취˵˵Щ˼Ҳһ
Ȳ˵һͷôȣôûдţ
㶣ˡ
˻ǹģ˭֪أ
࿴˿գգ͵۾ЦЦָ̧ӶСһȡ
ڻأ
һ뵽л˿ߵ͸ˡ
ˡ࿴Сߵ͸ˣŷſˣٱ˰
貱ϲ֪˸ʲô;òһͷȥȴһڲӼ䡣
ɻգգ۾
ˡ˹СıǼ⡣
һ£Ŷá
űȻָ̫ȴոôˡ
ǣ
ʾʵҪһδױѽ
һ򱶣һ򱶣
ʧҲֻܺúõָˣŬܶݲδ磬ױ
ⶼǺ͸˵ġ
ҿոպһиѽǹһС
԰ӻǸĸˣ˵ҵδأ˵Ǹġ


112
Ķͨ죬˿࣬Ӷˡ
δ硪ùӣԼš
㲻ǻ¶ҸȾͺˡΧæµС
û¡ȥϢ̫ȵδȽȥŰɡ
üСϱġ
̫ɽʱͲõĲˣеԱ
ǲ¥Ҫ׼һᣬĶЩݵķˣЩϸǰһ»ҪĲ쵽Բǰͷѵ
࿴裬ֻȷʵɳ࣬ǵõһμʱʲôԱҴ˵ӡ
룬ͻȻЦȢϱȻһɵĸо
ϵʱ˾Ͳݲݵĳ˵㷹׼ϢˣϾڶĻܻȽæ
Ϣˣ˲ͻȻһص⡪
Ǿ⼸Ȼһֱװ޲¥ǺͷĺԺȴûôɨҲķʰһסţķȷʵ򿪶û򿪹
ôˣ˯
ʱҲˡЩ𣬡סʱҲʰһȻ
迴࣬Щڴ
Ǿ˴պһôӣ˵վһ磬ûҪסҪʰһ
šĻᵽһˡ
û£ҿ׷˯˯ˡͷ
˵ˣȻ֮ǰҲһ˯һҲǴʱ֪Լ⣬ɬ
ãûҧҧ촽δ˯Ҫȥһ˱ӡ
˯˱ٿҲ١൯˵Ķͷ۾
ͨ죬˵ͷ
֪Ϊʲôôţﲻ֪ǽŻǼ˶е㶶Ļš
ڴϣЩн
첻ɴӣӷǳ׼ģ˯ʵͦġ
ߺƽԴӱ˳غһ
δ硪ૡ
ʲôʱȥһֱǳĺÿ˵İϻ˫񶼺֡
#û#иһ
ɲû
ǳȥһ£롪볢ָ
һĶ䶼Ҫ͸ˡ
һδĴһδ֣Ȼһ࣬һٳԵ
붼ҸòС
ַǳƯϸ޳ǣ
ֹ˰ʱС軹˷ܵ˯žʵ̲סĵ
һƬ˷ܵЩͨ졣
ˣ֡
һ£һ࣬ǰ촽ȥһ¡
΢΢ȴԼ˶ðˡ
ʵһֱЩֿصģǰϲЩúÿ֣ǿ֣һ۾Ϳ֣ڶȻȻû鷳̲סϻؼˡ
Ҫ֪鷳ģƽʱʲôڻĽҰǳԱû¸Ҳָ˷ˡ
δ磿ЩƲסԼؽһࡣ
ʵˣ಻֪ԼòûӦ衣
о˵ĻΡ
һĻԵʵҲûʲôɡ
ģһԵռˡ
ȡδ֮ôܽռأѺý
δ磿̽˽һ䡣
ûеõӦŷЩ
#~#
費Լ
ҧһָ⣬輤Ҫ͸ðһٺҧһ¡
ԼҪˣδָ
಻֪ΪʲôܾЩ
ðŷӦʪӸֲɾȻɺá
಻֪ΪʲôЩӣûСϱǸֿأҿǸֿء
֪СϱǸտأû뵽صһֶȥ
һ룬ĶҲ͸ˡ
ʲôʮ˽˼·
˶Щ˯ţֱ˰ҹԺ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬𴲰Ĳ顪
ˣҲˣû¶ȥЩˣ׼Щʲôʳ
ææµµ˰ʱȥԷˡ
ոǰ߶æʱ֪Ȼںͷ˷
δҪǶϽϳЩδ粻ýСһ˵һ޵Ͽ˿
ûÿŻϸ޳ǵʮָСĬĬ˿
࿴ĿȼָϣоЩ
û£˳㡪࿴һͷϽԷ
ǿʱŴóԣ࣬Ȼһ˼һپһһǧ˿
Ǻܷʢ˳ԻǴ´ģϲһЩǵ࣬ŴŴģ׵ıûʲôʳģ边Ȼһ롪
˷ͼָ¥Ա
軨ݷǸ档һһ賤ƲôĻݱһ۵ĵطϽ˸ߡ
˵ʵõĻǺܿģٽ緹ʱ򣬳زõѾ޾ϸˣŵԴ
ĵĻ¥ʦûǴͷĵģʱ͹ճ¯ʵĵġ
֪߾׼ˮ賡أ˵ġ
˵˵ģǾƹﳣפ˵ģȻǸԹŮĻӣ˵
ڳլķ˵ЩɱɱĿܲǺܸȤǶЩԹŮĻӿȤͱȽŨˡ
͸ŮϲС˵ࡣ
Թ緹Ĳỹиʱʱ䣬ȴвŰеԱһʱѵһ¡
忴ǳжææȥҲѡԱ߿ţȻʱʱЩ
߹ʤЩ֪һģܵѵǷǳɹġ
ʱյӵķ˾½½ˡ
˺һϵķˡ
ˡЦСˡ
ҵҡЦλͷ
ͷǷ˲ٱɣͷŻ죬˵û뵽ôֱʣϾױʱһӰڳʮ裬ҲѪ
Ȳ裬ȵĻţһʵܣδ⣬ҷ˱裬Ȼˣɲ˴ҺȲ𣿡˵˱ˮ衣
˵Ȳ裬ʵ˲ǺϲȲ裬ϲʳôϲζټףȲԽԽȣòô̰̰ȱˡ
ѾˣҲò˼ӣֻöһڡ
һʼûע⿴ֻñӴֱִĺôһֻȵоȻģˮζټϼ˱һȥʮֵʣ˲ǰһ
ͷһȴǴı棬Ȼ˺Щˮѡϡϡӣзǹ𻨣˿˿ģټϷǳϸıĿҲúȵ
ǱĲáһʼҲûôע˵ʲôˮݣֻǵһĲȥˣ˭֪Ȼ㾪ϲ
Ϲݲ裬ʮֵıĲãζ൱ĲȷʵʮʺŮӸ
ҲƽġźЦЦϲͺãз˵Ŀ϶ˮݿҵˣҲ
ҿҲǷǳġ˵һķˣǸˣƽϺܣҲʴ˼ʶҲǺܶģǵһ˵ôʵˮ裬һȷʵҲʱϲˡ
л˿佱ֺǺǵġ
˵½½Ҳ˺ЩˣСһȫźŷ
桪
ɲǣһ;ĲУʱȱĵطĶࡣ
ҺȵǷǳ˿˿ģȥģ˶ȷʵǲ
һλλֳ˽･ˡ
ܵ˵һˮ軹ǵõ˷ǳõƳģڳÿһ˶ͦϲӣ׼ˮͱЩһῪڲſ
ЦǺǵģһѸλߣߵʱһһ
Ҳ̵ģһֻǳµ޻С÷ӣһݰװǳµġ
Ҳ͸ˣҲ۵ĲУͷÿվ󣬲֪ôˣͻȻɵ󵹡
ȻǰСڻôæĲͽƹİɣ㿴վŶ˯ˡ
迴࣬ЩЦпδվ~Űĵĵȥģδһס
ƤӺһĶͷҪһûסô죿


113
ûסͻҾͱδ~žĸо
̵Сget
ʣµĲоСɨͲˣʹȥˡ
ϴһ²˯ˣһȷʵ۵ˣڰţ°Ϳ϶Ժ˯ȥ
裿Ľһ裬ûӦ
Ȼָиһ£̲סࡣ
δ磿˹
šһ˵ͷſ˯ɴ˯
Ժĵ˵ͷȥһéޡ
ʱһȲ裬һӵˮ裬ǱܵĻš
ɴϵһŻȻҲʧˣֻĵ˷ܡ
δ~˷ܵץס֣ͻȻǵˮһǳ𱬵ģ
ŰЩ˵ķӦͻȻرġ
šСͷʵĶһǺ׻ģڽôҪԼӪˣġ
ڶһΪݲҪҵˣʵкܶҪȥޣһ͸ƵתһӰûˡ
ϴͣȥǰͷ˹䣬˳סһСæʰһ
û취ȻСϱûʲô˼ʾÿϱСϱ͵͵ҧָҲǺ߳ܵĺòãͿסѽ
δ硪ϳ˵ӣôˣ
ȻתͷǸС˵û¶Լȥæɡ
СǸŮӣƽﻰʵϸɣ赹Ƕͣû뵽ȴǸûɫġ
軹˯Ѹ׬Ĺأ
δָôƯһ鶼ò
ǡüûнĻ˵ȥҵ찲ŵôˣ
ѾˡЦЦδûµĻҲ԰һ𿴿ûо飬鲻ȫ
š˵ȻȥæѰ˼Ѱ˼ʲôҪĽĵطһʱ䵹ʰסķˡ
ò׵æˣͷԵĻطʱ򣬲ô¶
û취ҪȹһСϱҧָˡ
಻֪ΪʲôǾ߳ǾڴֻĬĬ˯֮ǰϴøɾһ㡭
δ硪˯ͷϿ
ᣬһģһ߿ʼװ˯
ȻһgetһڱҧָСϱ

ȥˣˮݵһҲŵ׵ȿҵˡ
ϸĻһ⼸СϱͻȻãô˯ȥһܱͺ
߳ܵ
ҵһڶˣղķǻ϶˳ЩǺ飬Źһģ¿ˡ
ڹ̨ͷȻĪһƵЧ
δ硪Ҳںͷվţۼ඼ܱЩŮӸˣʱЩˣģôôȣȻδȻȥЪϢɣҿžͲˣŮӸδ¡
໹ΪС˼ЩŮӸý˵ͷһ̣غԺ˸ضŵ
迴ЩŮӺ͸ʧƮĿ⣬ͻȻֺ
һͷֲݵ⻹Ҫˡ
ϲٺÿҲһ˵δ硪

˿ҵһҪڵţʲôһ쿪ҵ֮ʣµľͽ˴ݴƹġ
ƹһŮӣǰǴ̵ģһŮԻѧЩ̳ϵĶ׸ΪǸ֪鶮Ķˣ˭֪ȴǸҰĵģĸһı˼Ҳ˵תͷȢ˸¥Ůӣһɱ˵ߣȻת־Ͱ˳ȥ
ǡñˣ赹ǶϿɣˣݴ˻
ôݣ˶ЩŮӸСҲŮӺ͸Žƹٺòġ
ˮݿҵĵڶֲˣת۵Яδׯˡ

ؼһȴýˡ
ýʵˣȻΪڳԾµһ
ѽɾͻˡýЦǺǵӭˣɲʵ£ȴǶڣһҹȵȿ˵ǽҪûĻȥѰǣû뵽׼ҪسأǾͻˡ
ЦЦǣС裬ýһ˵Żׯӡ
ѽҪ˵ξ˺СٰһԶˡýſɵׯӺûס⵹
豻ýŵһ䡢ٺʲһԶ˵ͨ죬ȴ
һˣǶò࣬ŰˡСЦЦ֪ýŵ衣
úúáýֺǺǵģͳһŸ̬Цϲģö鷳ҾǰѲǽһӡ
û£û¡Ҳ̲סЦһ뵽ҪˣʵɫҪлרһˣָָǡ
ûʲô¡ýϲĺ˿ڲͿʼﲻ˵ûҿǾһԣýŵĶЩ֮ϲҲǶȶ¶ЩҲѲ˶Ĺ򣬿Լܿ۵СԺиǰ̣ܼ޵øùޣԸˡ
Ǵ˷ҪлýˡЦЦʲô󶮵ģָˡ
׻Ĳ࣬Ϳʼ¶ˡ
׵ĵһأ˵ľɲɡýź˿ڲ裬һأзý׺׷ͬ飬зȥŮ飬Ҫ㣬һɵҪģΪΪȡ˳֮⣬˵ʧżٳ˫ȡ꣬Ǹ˵
˵ͷȷʵ˵ǲף㿴Һδɲһ¸ΰأ
ȷʵ˵жѵġýЦЦϰ˺Щµĵģһˣֺ˿ڲ裬˸ӣθڣ˵װ죬һӣȻأι㣬ȥ׾ͳɡ
˵ͷӵĻô룿
ⲻۿʱ𣿡ҲЦҿ˵ʱں죬ȷʵҪǰ׼ģԾ׼ǰ˵顣
¶Ͷлˡ迴ýűĲûˣ˲ֵһ鷳һˡ
鷳鷳ýЦǺǵ֣ģҰеӶģῴǰǵģ԰ǵĻ°ȵġ
Сﳤĺһ
#ںܿİɣܿҪˡ#ͻȻô仰ȴһεûзǽȥ
#ǵȻ#һЦ˻
һֱԱţԽЦԽģ̲סҲġ
һ˵ôˣǼСϱҲ̫ɰ˰ɡ
ҲǱˣȣ㻹ûϷɣ÷׽ɲɵ񡪡ýź˿ڲ裬ֿʼ¡
أԼνҪؾȥسǵϽңǼרɲõļ㣬ҪԼĻ͸ˣֻһҪ㣬˵ǿɲýϸĶ
˵ͷʵ̬ĺܺãԵҰҲ࣬ڴ㻹ûϷɵʱץһʵѲ˶¡
ȻûĴ㣬׼Լȥ׽
ýţ׼ɽȥˡ
δ硪е˼ץס½ǣɽҰ޶࣬Ȼδһɡ
Ȼܶζʶ֣С軹ǲģһɽȥ㣬Ҫһһʮָմˮ湫ӵ̬;ɽºһ߶ϡ
ܾòȫ
ԼȥˡЦͷ͸ɲȥʲôӣ
е㲻˼ͥڱͷʲôģʵѾǳϰˣǣᵽר͸ɲԼͷŶ͸ˡ
ָ˒ԣﱻһ£˴ֵһƬ
ҵġȻ˶յˣɽͷϹӴҪֵĴߣٿܾ࣬õĵĲа
ȥɽȷʵҰޣֻǳĴ󣬿˵ˣԶԸЩҰȻЩˣҲ̫£δһˣ趼࣬һȥɽ
ʲôõĵģ˹ıֲȥɽֻΧһֻͻˡ
ǳϧǣ裬˵رĿɰǲԸȥ࣬§Ҫס
ȥ¡豧Ҫʲô¶һӦһ£δֲǲ֪ͦõģһϹʲôģһܰæء
ûа취໹εĴԼJĵСϱһˡ


114
ӷ˹
ϸգգ۾Ŭһ£ȴôҲ벻ڷﻹ˹
֪вٵܣԶһһ٣ҲͺԾûжʡ
#㿴֪ܣȴ׼ʣѵ֪˽һУĲ#һڹƻ衣
ĽŲ˶٣ò˵Ǹر˽
#롣#䵭Ӧԡ
ǸڴģҪƻһЩʲôȴ֪ʲôѹˣֻǹһȴʲôû˵
˷·һһ׹ɽ
ӺһƬɽ˵Խӵ°ȫԽȥԽȫĿ˵ȫϵɽȥʵûʲô̫Σա
ټţȥģȴúȥһ
δĢǳóԵġժ˸Ģ࿴رġ
ǼȣһϳõһֻȾ
ԭ𣿡ֻǳԹĢǲ֪ô֡
š˵ͷҲżһʱģȻһЩȥָȰɡ
˵ͷ˳ɹİѳ㣬˳ֳ֮ɹı˳Ģ
Ģֿһϳ˺ľ
ժ˺ľֿ˺ЩرϲҰˡ
ժҰˣַһССϪɼ׵ˮ˺Щƴ㡣
Ь˿ȣˮȥ׽㡭
ۿͣӰû
ȻСϱ˵ɽʵΪ˺ɣ
Ȼһ룬໹ǷǳŷǳĵСϱһˣġ
Ǵģûдˣɽϳ˶ٿ㣬Ȼн
ߵ۲ۣͷҪ۵ĻϢһ
Ǵ˱Դ̫ĸоʵôȣĻǷǳĿĵġ
ڵʱ˿Ǵﵽ㡪һԶġ
һֻģһֻĸģֻˡ
ȽٺδһǷ˰ɡ迴һԶ㡣
š˵ͷʱһ
ɽ桪

ׯӵʱѾ͸ˣ·СĴ󲮼ңͷֵġ
δ磿һ֡
ôˣںڰע۾ǲǺ£
ڳܡһ˵һȥķӦ
ţһʱûܵľȻĴһңôˣ
ǡЩݣҴһң
൹һʱ֪СӺζԭգգ۾Ӧ˺һŷӦ˹
ģԺҿ϶ǲ㳳ܵġͷ΢Цŵ
ҲǡЩЦԷǣǲ֪ΪʲôȴͻȻһů⣬յͨ죬ҵ˼ǡ᲻ˣ۶ƣ˼ﲻ
࿴ãһŷӦ˹
ȡԹ㣬㲻ۻһһˡͷ
һһֻĲˡ
岻ɵþЩЦӹĴ㣬ɵСϱؼˡ

գҲΪׯ಼ľԿȥģǸòͷ
ýһľ͸ׯӣ˿ţǳ緹ͻżңš
ʱʹĵشżҵš
δ硪һ̣ʱߵͨ졣
ͷŵģҲЦȻͽȥˡ
裨֣´ɲɡ㡣ýŶЩǺϤģ˲վ֮͸ߺһ
ʱȥһĻһκС
κһͲǸ˻ڽ̴ľ̶ɣͷ˺Щʯʯ߶õȴǽߣž͹ʮ㡣
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áýǸ߻յˣս֮ãԸպͷϣһ
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֮ǰǱµģò̻ῪʼȻҪģҲûжʱׯó׬Ǯȥˡ
̾һرǮرķҲ۵ĸˡ
ֻҪһԼŬ׬ǮǮδ磬;ġ
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衪ҲǸ˼ҲЩᣬǼСצӶ©ˣ֮ǰǲ֪סһܻȽϷ㣬֮ǰš
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#ڴȥҧһڣʲôӦ#ǸͻȻŹƻ˵
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˺͸ˣСϱԭ𣿣
һgetСϱԵʾˣգգ۾һŷӦ衣
촽һ飬֪ĻԼѪȾ촽ϣűƽʱӺޡˡ
వһԼǸޣȻӸһϵѪððʧʧģȥ̸⣬ɲôء
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#ǲرá#Ǹֳƻգûֻʰ;ڶ࿴ۡ


115
ʰöǳʱˣҪóһȥسˣҲǼзʴɻǿǷǳܵģ˺÷ʢһӲˡ
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һӵݸ裬ͷһƱǧһţ800š
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116
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·ϵԽԽˡ̲ס̾űȽ٣Щϡ棬˵óȥ𣿡
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֪óǼ׻Ƥʱ򣬲Žһӡ


117
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һɽأͼֱͣҲûɽؾôó׼øϽȥ
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ôͲ˽ˣһ˽ءó˵һ軰Ļ㡭
ʲôһɻĿóɲǲ˽
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˶ǸҪǺĻãԸݺúദ

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װĻóһ:Ǹʲô
Сһͺ˵˵ЦЦǰ棬óһںͷǸԽԽƣԽԽᡣ
δ𣿡ĸ첲ͷ
رáͷòã
Ҳرá˵ͷҲرãҲرã¶á
ͷ˫ۣ۾ﶼ顣
·ϺòãûкúóԷûݣû岻᲻̫ȣͷһֱڵ㣬ˣʱ˿վҵǰ־Щ׸ʡ
δʲôԡһϯӿһĿϲʲôʱིЩ۵ĻһһĴ𡭡
˵ͷ۵Ц⣬û⣬úϢϢϢòã
֪ǲĴܾȥһһȦ
á˵ͷδׯÿ춼ʲôûкúóԷòã
شȴСؼһ䣬δÿûҡ
ҵ죬һӱˣȻУÿÿ춼룬Ȼÿʱ򣬶ڸ׼ױƸ׼˺öأ͵Ǽ޸ˡ
ó˺߶ʹ
ˣһ仰͸˻·ϱ̸һҲͰˣΪʲôҪ
óȥ벻Լˡ
Ժ˺Ȳ裬ǰȻó֮Уʹ಻ֻҪһʹֻ࣬һ˲óǺԥ
δǮûлŶ迪ĵͳһƱ׬˺öǮδ¿
ΪʲôðͷûȥһƱľ͸ˣҪûˡ
ǰ轾һЦһֱ˵ҪδģȴһֱδǮòǮˡǮδģ
ʱЩЦãҳԵ٣ôӣ⻹Ҫתûȥɡ֪ΪʲôͻȻһֱ~ļӸС
δˡִҪһСƱ࣬δҷŰɣȻǮҪȱǮˣδҪˡ
Цãͷһ棬ҲͰƱˣҸšȱǮһҪá
õģõġϴӦĺúõģȴ׼ԶõģǮδģôأ
óƱֹȥѰ˼ôвǮأ
ǮѽɰˣرڰĲС
˵˵룬óһĳ²ʲôûˡ
δ磬ΪʲôôǮͻȻǲ֪Ϊʲôδһ˵ʲôͦĵģ岻˵ʲô˵ͺܿˣδ署;ԼƯڰеͻȻץ˵ϣȻϸķһ˵͵ģһȻҸС
Ҳ¡ҲѵСϱɣҲͷ
ȻСׯҲ֪ܲ赽׷Щʲôģô˵׶ӣСϢǲġ
δ̫ˣ˿ڲ裬ʼķṦΰҸ㽲һЩռëһ1İ׻Ƥ˽ӡ
һֱڽһߺȲһĿ裬轲·ϵÿһ¡
ǸϺģóԱ߾Լޱȵеȥˡ
³ç´οɲҪˡһ˵ΣգʱüͷǮ׬ȴΣ֮У㲻һˣ֣ʲô֮ǰһҪȿǺá
ȻûôΣգȴ׼СĴң´λңԸ
õģõġͷ絷⣬Ѱ˼´϶ȥˣϾʮһѮδҪˣǿ϶ܳ׻ȥһεģȻǳʱδ
ˣˣδ磬һЩǵĻ᲻Щѽ
ģѾýŶ˵ˣʱѾˣʱûĻҲִһ£Ȱǰ񶼸ˣȻ͵סҡҡӣĿڼ޵ᡣ
ãһˡȴؿҵҲڰ
šͷˣúͿʼˡ
šȥһˣȴã˷ܣǿʱ򣬡в¡ߺߺ
ָͷһһӵ㡣
Ҳ˵ͷûɵĶԳҲڴ

ò˵׸磬ϰ죬һֱǱߣӰûţϳԷʱ򣬿ϳԷ֪Ѿˡ
:
ӾͿʼææΪڵŵıȽϽģô׼Ļ˵ʱҲŵرĽ
ɲͷڶĻýͰźˣľȥˣȻǣһѵĺû
ɼǰռϻĺϢ֪ͨŮֽСˡǶ׶εҪ񣬹ףҪ㣬ΪѶչýָΡʳȣֳͶƸ
Ļൽûж׼ֻǼ򵥵׼˰˺С
һƱ88000һԪһнԪһͷϴΣһе֬ˮһһеıʯһУһװسǵ̷һװȴ
һһд򿪹ȥΪ˲Ӷˡ
úúáҲˣΣξ˶Ӧʵģ̲סˣξ˵ǸĶģҲǰͷˡ
ͷʲôͷԱߵ˵Щ̱֮⣬ҿûٸ첲ȶģҲû˭ɫʲô̫ˣ


121
˵⻰Ӻԥſھ뷴ͷһͷֵĸŮվͬһϣһӣҲôƣӵ뷴ȴҲûа취
ҿҲ̹˼졪һӰһӣſ˵ĻֱܣСǸ̥ҿ治ˣɨһǼ˺ҿǲ꣬רŸˡ
ͨ죬޷ֻĬĬվԶЩֻǲʶǡ
ˣֵҲɢȥˣȴ׼˵Щʲô
лֱ˵赹һֱͦлӵģ֧֧ϰ˵ȿ˿ڡ
ѽĳֱЩؾ˵ҪǾ˵ĲԵĻҲͱȥˡԥϰΣŸ迪˿ڣأ޹ȥ͸˼ξ˺úõĹӣͷ˭˵ЩʲôֻܾˣԼӣЩĻ͵Ƿ˸ƨأǧǧıΪЩξʲôҡ
ġЦӵ֣ЩģҲûʲôദףȻҲԼԼҵģ϶ЩŵĻδʲô˵ġ
˵ͷˡӵ˵ͷ˿Ҿ̫ණպξ˹ӣٹһȥǰЩſЦ˿Ц
ӷĲġЦҡҡͷ
Լģ˽ٶҲãҲ˵Լ˶ĥĥϣúദӹҲǺ̹ġӷģ裬ǳףɵȥǵĿǰհֽǮǵȻȥ磬һֱϱǰ
˵ͷ֮ǰΪбһЩԭȷʵҲûôȥݼںò״һЩȻҪһݵġ
úúãҾͷˡ˵žվˣҲûͣԼ߳š

ӹ÷ɿ죬С£ͲൽĻڡ
żſڡּˣ֮ǰСѾ㹻ȫ˺䶯ˣû뵽Ƹ죬ڵ̸󡪡Ķʮ̨Ƹ
Ƹ޳УӦоУαʲôĸǶˡ
24̨ƸһλεһƬǰһ˵۶Ϲˡ
վһ˵ķ֮У֪ΪʲôͻȻԼƮƮģץסʵĸоǡôķһ£ǣס֣ñ˵桪
δ硪迴üۣ֪ΪܾһָĸоҸղŻȻһΡ
ʲôЦ衣
ҲǵʲôˣҾδһ¡ʤա
ܿҾͻᴩһ£ȻʱҲᴩһ¡ͷ
šæ˵ͷ֪Ϊʲôȴ
ôˣ
ü̲סһǸ
#ô£ôͻȻ#ȻоֵǣǸȴûͺ񣬾ͺ񡪡Ǹûˣ˵ˡ
ʲôأɫҰһƬ

һһĿСǸĺҲԽԽǿҡ
#˭㵽ΪʲôͻȻʧˣ#кööĻǸǺֵǣǸȴҲûгֹ
ôˣüϸĸ̫ѨôͻȻüĲ˵üͷʲôĵĻ벻ͨĿԺδ˵˵
šɵӦ£ȴһҡҡͷʲôû˵
˵˵ʲôأ˵Īһһֱ˵˵ʵԽҪһֺֻֿš
忴費˵ˣҲЩżʲô¶ȸ˵ǿһ
ã֪˵ͷֲһ䣬ֻһ£ҵҪô˵δһʱ䡣
Ҳ㡪˵ͷҲҪ̫żûʲô˷˵ѹء
֮ӣԲٿߵɲûʲôɲѹ
˵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
#Ϊʲô֣ȥ#ΪʲôҪ£
ӾСȹ֪׵ǰһ죬˱裬ȴֱ˹ȥ
硪˹ȥһĵİ
裿Ҳżˣ鿴ˣô鿴ûʲôѵģССֶٵúܡ
ôͻȻ˱εˣ
֣ȱżȸѰԱȥһ㣬Χţú
˸ϽɢʡкŸϽѰ
ƽûѽҲоЩ֣üһߡ
ûѽôѶû⣬ô£
ҿ˵ֻ˯ˡó˿裬۾һȦĺȦһû˯ã˵̫˯ˡ
ܡһľ࣬跿ÿϨϨĺ磬û˯ѽ
¶Ϩ˵ȴ˯šóо飬֮ǰƼҵʱҲһ޵˯žԼ˸ģһʱϲϾҪεȻ̧˯һӦþ˯˶ѡ
šʱҲûбķӣֻȰóķӣ˱˯һȡ
豧ϣ˷ƽˣȴǸ뿪ԼԱš
ѽϸĲһϸһߣȫûгֹһ硪
ĪǡĪֻ˯ˣ
ҲһĲԣ۾ĺȦ۵ʲôҲ˵Լһ˿ţѾ˷ȥ˯žĵزǸһҲԸ𣿡
Ҫ׵̾Ϣûһ
ﲻ֪ΪʲôҲ֪ָ½磬ֻĻһֱߵࡪ
ӵί񣬸𡣡
ӵίίҪТĸĸ
ӵίίϣ۷壬ΪӰ롣

ʲô˼ԼһֶףЩϢϢصģоϤ
ţʲôֽʲôˣֱһһĵɳһɫĹӡ
111ɫĹӣ˵ͷ
ʶĵ˵ͷ
Ȼܻص˵ļƻѾҪɹˣҪļˣ׼ýļ𣿡ɫĹǰ˷ɡ
ʲôƻʲô׼ʲô䣿һ£ʲô
ڲҪ֪ʲôСһȦֻҪ׼ҾͰѼ䴫㣬յ䣬֪ʲôˡ
һǿܣһڴţȻĵ˵ͷá
СԽԽֱûüġ
һ־̨ͻȻһϾ;ԼӺޱȶϢҪһ
üڼпԼһ̬ûУֻһӵԼȻ󿴵Լ࣬Ȼ߹һһ½磬һһε񡪡
ϵͳ࣬ľһ˫۾Լû𣿡
Լסһʹδ硪
СԼһûиĴŻееһرΣգȻҲѡ񲻽ӣǴԹǧꡣ
˰֣۾ȴɣ°ɣĻҿܻܰɡ
迴Ǹ࣬۾īһĺڣ˿͸ȴһľϢ˿˾Ͳü
е·ͱһǣƱܹߣ˵ʲôᣬʲôʲô񶼵Ӧ֣ɹ
Խ¿ԽԼ·һһʹࡣ
һصˣ迴ΪԼϵͳӣһεĶҪеˡ
ΪŵǸԼ˵ģȻֻһϵͳǾ˵Ҫݽϵģǵ㹻ĶˣӵеҲ㹻ˣͣЪһЪһСȶȼ١
¶һЦݣȴǰͻȻ˱飬ѡʵҵ˿ûκε⣬ҿԼ񡣡
ϵͳƮһ£ʵ˿ڷǳأҪ
ҲҪִ֣ȥҽ񡪡
ǡСͨϵͳӿϵĴڣ͸¶ĳɣΪĻѾ֧񣬲Ȼȡ
ʵϣʱִеЩǷǳΣյsss΢עпܻ屻飬ɢ
ʹ


122
ٿȥ۾ȴԼôҲղϡ
Ҫͼȥ벻ȥԼļ䡪һͻȻ֡
˱һü㲻ʧˣ
ûʧǲļҪˣ˯˹ȥһ񡣡Ǹ˵еǸ׹ӡ
ЩģڼȥֻԼĶʹС
ȻġǸ˵һ£ǲģԼӦҾ㡣
㲻ҡһ½ŵֻһ̨
˵˷壬ôϵͳ֮䣬꣬ϵͳž壬ǲͬǣϵͳһʼǻģʽģȡͬĲһ꣬ͨϵͳ飬ĻֿʶȴǿԺһġ
ô˵ϵͳ˸ûȤԲ磬ϸѼ꣬Ϊһ塣
迴һϵͳţ˶٣ټȥԼϵͳ䡣
ĻԽԽƫƫܾϵͳݼٺˣֻһıϵͳȻһһΣյ磬һɵ
ԵĸоϵͳӡԽԽƣԼԽԽơ
һ죬ϵͳһƻ
Ϊһ硭˵ѾҵµϣǸԺˡ
迴ϵͳӷǳᶨذԼĻ˺ȻඪһȴðۣԼһ֡ϵͳռ˺°ϡ
һͷԼѼסûΪһũҸֽС衣

һμ䣬迴ͷʹǴĵ׶һֱƵĸо
˵Ĵ󡭡
ǲ֪Ϊʲôȴһֲȥ뷨
ǵϵͳ棬һǣȳҪȵ£óģĻһһϵͳദʱҲͲװ㺣ϵͳū
ʱϵͳӲΪȻܲȴǼΪǵģͱڣɲǶ飬һֻܿ࣬Լôһոճ͵磬һ𡭡
֮ǰͨ飬ĻǸʱԼҲֻȥһ˵ô򵥣ǵʱͿʼ˰ɡ
ͻȻסСʣֻȴ֪ǿЦ
һ棬ȷʵԼƻƵ޷죬ˣһȷʵҲС׵һϦദˣһ仯ʱܿദأ
Լαװ֮ǰ²ܸƵġ
֮Եģ붼ͷƤ飬ףá࣬ôֻ࣬ô࣬ܣǣͲѽ
豻Լ߳ܵͷƤ飬ϵͳۿԭɱһ
˼ĻǲԺΪһˡϵͳҪɵԱߣͻȻһ¡
ʲôϵͳŻѲ֡
ҾǲһġһͷҼǵһʣ˲һһ룬ֵܷ㹻ӻٶǺΪһĻܾͲˡ
ϵͳһܾ壬һӦȥ裬һ轲Ļȷʵô
Ȼֻ꣬룬Ҳѽ
ʧ־ĻûʲôģлᣬԼֿĻǺֶΪأ
ϵͳһ¼˵˵ġ
˵˵ġ˵ͷԴܣҲԼ̳ǿռ䣬Ұ㣬뿪
ȴ뿪ˣԸĻһֱϣԸġ
ѾǳƣˣҲһƣȻ˵ĻβϣȻֻءҲҪԽһһ½磬ȥЩʲˡ
ϵͳֵ
迴ϵͳԽԽԶ˿ȴ޶˵ľ촽ġ
۾ǷŴ˵
δ硪豻һ£գգ۾࣬΢һԼļ䣬Űƺ˳
ˣЦЦô£ǲ˯òãȦһ飬һΪʲô¶Ǹȴ˿û⣬ҿóˣ˵ֻ˯ˡ˵ţȥͷˡ
Щ䣬ڿʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲôһɵĸо
һһӵİɣ޶Ρ
ҡҾ̫ˣ죬ҹɴ϶˯šŬģԼ֮ǰӣһȥϢϢͺˡ
һδż俴ʱﰵķģһҪĻھС
Ҫ߰ʲôΪ˺׵ġ
ۿǰֿɵãҪװİûУﰵġ
ϰ׵ĻȷʵҪżסģȻżȢׯԵĻ˵ĻȷʵҪżǱסģҲǸһ侲ʱ䡪
ûʲôɵ˵ͷȥɣȳ극˵һ˯̫ˣӦֶ˰ɣ
ǺܶһȻȥɡȴæ˰֣ҿҪ˯һҪöء
ɲ񣬿϶Ҫæһ졣
˵ͷֱ˵żȥˡ
˯Сͷ㲻̫żģ˯þ
˵ͷĿԶȥŽš

ڶһ磬ͱýŴ˻ϲϲĸ
ϣʣξѽһԵһ˫ǿɵСľźġýŴ˴Ĺӣ˻ϲϲġ
˳ָýŵ˸ȥ˳ָǼױͷĵ˺ȥͷλˡ
ͷ~˺ļȻʲôû⵹üҶЦģǼϽվԳƵһ֣ѽ԰ƯƯġ
Цŵ˵ͷƯƯģһΪĳףûαװȥ·ĻƯ˵͡
ҲЦ
Ҫ˵òһһġЩ軯ױͷģžĿ衣
ǿɲǡýŻϲϲĽӻʮ綼һɫѵĲѧξѽһ԰
仰ȥĿ䣬Сȴ⣬Ծġ
ʱӭˣͷͷϲӡ
һɫϲΪϲ죬湫ӣӣ֪˶˵ģ˶˵ۡ
硪ˡ
ֿ˵Լߵһܵܣһʼ׼СֵϵͳõĿܡ
ǣµͷȴı⡪
˵ĻЩ⡪
šЦЦ
硪ֽһ䣬֮ǰһΣ˵¹һӣ˵ǵԺ޵ʱǸ˵Ļ͸ϣҿδٿɿˣӣ͵һף
費֪Ϊʲô⻰ģͬҲɬĸолл
ỨһллðЩ֪룬æ֣ǿǵϻױҲȥϻĵױˣϲӡԽ˵ԽԼҲˡ
Ժ󻹲סһָЦЦɱѹˣ޳ױҪ޻ġ
ӣЦõĿܣ֪ˣ֪ˡСһ˵ˡ
ɲǶҲáָæ˳Ļ˵ֻǸȴѹ´ϲ£ȻҪ߸˵һˡ
躬˵ͷٶˣź߸ͷô֡
ѽСͷĺãģر˳ӷͷֱӶܻһͷͷͷôɵþĿ衣
ǿɲǡýʲôܴϣ˵ͷѽ˵ͺãͳôһɲĸ࣬һѽǸ࣬รӣǸأ
һ˵Ӷڸͣϵͨ졣
ҿôױôҲʼĲ廰ˣһ۽ѽ;ãٻͷһɲǿɲãѽиСء
òȴһһģǸииˣҿѽ״Ԫ˶ûʲô˵ġһôһϲǳԣҲĨ۵
һյͦõģױͷٵһҪ׾ˣ
ѽɹٶˡһߺſڵӱˣö۾


123
ĺЩĶЦЦ裬ˡ
費֪ΪʲôͻȻӿһǿҵĸж৵һ˳˼ϵױݣֻסˣȴ˵š
ﰵļסһ̣ȢȢҪһӵģÿһֻص֡
ϲģһ˸ȴ𽥵ļᶨ
ǰ׼ȥ֡
θ硪ȴмһ£ҸԸϲΪһܵܣֻ仰˵
࿴ּᶨ΢΢ЦЦ˵ͷ
һȻϣθҸá˵һ
˵ͷ
ϣθҸպӣͺʲôúùӡ˵
ȻȻġĵ˵ͷֵļ´δʲôԶԼ
ллθˣԺҸͽˡۿﺬᣬĽ
֣һۣ˵ļᶨ顣

Ρһߺӱ̧
İ̧ΣķϼҲýȢ
עŵĿУԶȥ
ûȥڼתһȦ
һգ۵ʱ䣬Ȼ÷ɿ죬תۼʮˣҲˡ

ׯſڣȻӣ
Сġһ¡
šŸͷ˵ͷллδ磡
ЦЦż˰õĵط
һء˾ǵָ죬͸ϲ
迴Ľż⣬תһ壬һݡ
ݸáϳ˵ĵӣ೤
˵ĸõĻĸλ
Ϲٿͷ
޶԰ݡ
迴һƬɫ°ڣϹȥ
붴
豻˲ȥˣҲʼˣȴȥҪơ
ιӡƵȴǸⳡϵˣϲϲ
ͬϲ˵ͷ˱ȥ
ξǰƽֵ绨졪ƵʦүС϶߾ξ˺ԽԽãԲͺӡ
лʦүЦЦԺúȺãͺá
һȦҪܰڵľƱƳܱࡣ
ˣˡƵС˺ȵֱ£Ǽүϻ¶ءɲٺˣɲٹˡ
أϲôܲƵ˶highˣеıӿˣָϽȥƣҪ˵ѽϲôܲأ˷ϲ¾ˬ͸ˬˡ
Ƶ˵˺ЩŶаģֻϧȾҲָͷһһȣҲͼװˣС˷ߡ
ӡ߳˱ȺվǸСŪһ㶡
ȥ蹫׼һЩʳ˰ֱʾ
Сȥ÷ʳˡ
һ·ȥ˹һ¾ƣȫľˣŽԺӡ
ԺıװεĺúõģͨͨһƬһƬĸָĺ촰ĿɼǺ졣
ƿ˺ϲֵţͷû˱ˡ
Ҳǣʱǲڷﰡ
ǰס֣ҷԸСȥ÷ˡ
ǺܶЩ˼ȴǳļ޲ھȥѡ
ô᲻ҲûԣҲûԣۿˡŸͷͷ
Ĳͨ죬кͷҲҲԡ
ʵԵģֻǶԱڳԷʵࡣ
ҲóһתȥóӸˡ
ƸͷĻиҪóӸƵġ
ĺͷӾ¶˳ĴƯ衣
΢죬̧ͷ࣬⡣
δ硭з·йӣδ硪
ЩȽơ־ᶨ˵ҪҶ
˽ƣСðѷ
ԭǲԵģǺ˵ԼҲˣ˾һ³Էˡ
˷˾Ϳʼδ硪
۽Ƿ죬̲סСϱൽ˻
ԽԽǳҡˣл㱵ģ߸ߵ͵;Ȼһҹδ硭

ڶһ磬˯нѡ
ࡪ迴۾ϵһСƬӰǣδ硪
ţ౻賳ˣüȻǰŴСϱģ׼ô磿
費ɵûһ֮ǰļ䣬Žشðɣ
ϸһı飬ɵüôˣ
еţҡûʲôѽ
ţĿ۾𴲳緹
輱æ˵ͷתһעöҲˡ
·費ɵó˿ϽҲ·
111ȴڴ·֮ͷ˵һ䡣
ֶѣ˶ԭء
Ȼ֪ˡ
㡪еҾмģû¶
ϳȻ򵥡ģҹ˯֮һֱ˯˹ȥҰࡪ
εЦЦ໹Ǻǰһˡ
ΪˡϵϣûлͷֱӰ뷨˵˳
ʵϵͳΪĿģʱѹʱѰģӦǺϵͳӵģͬʱģôΪ˵ıǨߵΨϵͳһʵϵͳӵĸǷǳĸӵģͱڣܲµ͸һУȴͷûС
Լһͷиָӵ¶˳ֻƻдѭ©ꡣ
ࡪԭȴһΪ١
ֻΪġͷҲأûȥϵı飬Լ
ǰҲڶңһɡ˸УҿѣΪĺû顪
ԣ֮ǰ·֪Ϊʲôܾ·겻˵Ҳȥˡ
࣬ʵ˵贩·ȴ֣ǿȥԸ緹ȳ緹ٸ˵𣿡
á˵ͷ˰ӳ򿪣ҡҡ
Ϊϵͳ111Ǻ֪һЩСϰߵģҡСҡ
ͻȻԼϣˣĿɲңһҿĺûᡪ
Ϊһԥرסĸ첲ûйͷƵϣȥԷ
硪ЦĿģδˣ䶨ҲȷΪδˡ
֡ЦЦô˸ʲôϽԷ극ȥѧöȥһ顣
ĿûƷζһΣʢ࣬ǰࡪԷˡ
һ˵񶼼ϣѹЦЦҲһ룬ҲԷɡùҡ
áеûͷһЦϿδԵδˡ
ָ϶һȺûнӴĵһʱҲûʲô˼Ϳ˸ˡ
˷Խ̷֣άҪȥѧϿˣȴ뱧ͷߣδźʹԼϵͳӣȴ֮ǰˡ
111ͨ죬Ż裬Ǻ޲ô֮˵ԺصҹҵĶľţ԰硪
˼ǲЭԸȥˣԸ⡭
üȻ˵ʱ˿ңϵͳʱ֪һִˣı뷨Ǻѵġ
ЩΪѵģüͷ
ȷʵǲѽ費ɫ˸ΪǵĹϵûĮ̶ȡ
Ϊġͨģ˵ȴĮ飬Ҿұˣ˵ĻҺ񻹱ƭˡ
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Ǻú̸һ¡ǲԼ·ͷһϣҰһеԵɶ˵òá
Ƚݣˣֿࡣ
Ҳ֪ǵǳΣգǺ׻ܵ˺˿ڲ裬ò壬Щ͸ϲһǴʱ㵱ʱ״ѾǳΣˣǳĹִҽûа취š
˵ûм˵ͽһ䣬ٰ𣿡
侲һ𣿡൹˱裬ȵȥȥ𣬡Ϊǲ֮ܳΪȻҲ


124
ʲôأЦЦǸԳƵˣϸϸŲิӵ⣬һεƭ𣿡
ƭסĶͷüм䣬ϲ
ʲôЦЦһūϵͳ˵ϲ
ȺûʲôЦЦˡ
ʵϾϲסĴȥǵǣ˺üдһ磬͸㣬ҵϵͳռ͸㡪
ΪЩұϲܽ
Ҳû㣬ʵǰ磬ȻĨȥ˼䣬Ȼ磬ߣҵϲ㡭ϸϸüۣе֮ǰΪӵʱϲ
ϲģ𣿡ϸϸոָĵطϸϸǣҲϲ㡪
ΪҲϲ㡪Į飬Ϊϲֻ衣
ҡϵͳ֪ôһ˵׼˵ǣ軹ûгʱ磬һʼңҲ壬Ҿ衣
㲻ǡķҡ
ϲİģϵͳǰ޽ӣл
һ쵽ͻȻ˸Цԭһˡ
һʱ֮ȷʵЩܲܡ
ôҲ벻ͨôԹһСϱôӣ
ǡץס֡
Ѿ˼˵׶ӵĻĳ˵ƿˡ
ȻǣǸɱǧĹӣֱӲ˲ྐྵȻȥ
ſҡü
ϵͳӶȻһΥ͸С
ûץѽƤЦģСġ
111üͺһ䣬ôɺ𣿡
һֱԼɡס֣ϸϸֺ࣬Ҹůů
ſҡü񶼲ˣߡ
ʲôǮʱ˵㣬ǳˣߵĶ׷ĶϿɻԵأ
ˡ忴һĵ⣬ʱĥĥѾˣȻˣҾȥ硪
ûзﲻһЦ°ͣȥ
㡪࿴һһ裬Щǳα͸Уҿȥĵط
Ҿ壬ӣ达סͷ͵سһ¡
ߵԶԶġһϵе΢һ£ʱһ㡣
߲ˡЦЦҲߡ
ƾʲôǲԭ糤16ʱͿʼϵͳܣϵͳǰǱһЩеĿɰɣǰȫˣҾ˵˲㡣
Ҿ˵ͦġϵͳֺǺǵģһʼúӦһӲҪ򣬾û뵽󷴶ô򵥵ľͽˣûֱӵķǲôı֣
ԼܶˣȻһ־ͱţķĶϡ
ʲôü
һ¡ЦһСӣо𣿡
һıȻоˣ
ҹһˡ
һ찴˵ͨǸоģ˵ĻǿԸоߵġ
һһߡ
:
࿴һɵ裬ʵǸϵͳӣĺӣֱƵհס
ôˣЦסt°ͣ
һһѾ
Ƶģ࿴۾
ԡ˵ͷ
㲻һϵͳɣ࿴Ķӣʿˮ
Ǹˡ跭˸ۡ
֪ΪʲôҪ뵽˸С¶ȻϵͳӺ鸴ӣߵӣʵȴСġ
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һ߹磬ദô꣬ΪǺ˽ģ֪ﻹǵμǸСӣ¼į¹¶ôһ߹Ȼػ
ͬʱܿ϶ǣһѪĺӣ϶޷ֿġ
費ɵԼ֮ǰ趨ߣɵøԼ֮ǰȼ֮˸ޡ
ȲȲ裿Ȼ
֮ǰΪϵͳŵΨһϵͳǶʱ俰Ƶǹˣڿ⸱ȵӣȻһᡪ
#ҲߵĻҲЩһӶһƽƽֵģһӶ˵δزá#
#Ҳ˵δأտʼʱͬտʼʱ򣬲ҲԼԸֻǺһ#
#ǲһ飬ܲ©#
#⳥Ѿˣһһϵͳ#
˺Ͳ֪ĸڴοռܲͨѶ࣬ü
㻹޲ң̧°͡
Ĭһ¡
˵˵˵˵°͡
°͡һĲˣ֮ǰϵͳҲǣһŹţϲֻһֻȥ°͡һֱﹷһ
Ϊʲôѽ費°ˣת°ͣϸϸǡ
ҸоҺĳ಻ʵü
ǲ˼ϵͳӻһμķ裬ϾǩһԼ֮ǰҿûиദľ顣
˲֪Ϊʲôеˡ
һֱͦϲϵͳӣ˵
ΪһֱȻɻʧ֮һûϵͳע⵽С䡭
ʱû뵽һ죬һרŸϵ硭
һֻӡ
ϵͳ֮ǰɹЩ¶һ
һϵͳӸһмȴȥһ棬Ȼȥһү
Ϊ˻쵽ǸүߣϵͳӸϾһϵеҹ£Ȼһ٣ϵ͡
ȻǸɵʮϵͳԼϵ͵һĻһӶˡ
һֻ
ʵ޵ϲǼģԹɵСϱ
ȻֻӺһֻҪһԹɵصֻӣô룬ô
䲻䣿ʱѾ11Ѯˣʵ䣬ǰʱһѩ
ðɣе˵ͷ
ȥѵůѲһƲ׼ȥյů
Һһ𡣡Ǹ粽ġ
һȥջڸů˲
ٻصţȻůͶˡ
ࡪů͵ů͵ģĿˡ
ʲôûĿͷûõĻԾҪˡ
ɺá跭˸۶˴ļ
ʾ붯»ڶͰȥ˯
ϧǣΪһǿϵͳҪ
Ƿǳ򵥵ġ
ͱɵˡ
ģŴţΪ˲ɹĻǵһЩƺģ޶һȼյ
ʲôһԵľ֣ðԶһȻȥľͷȥ
ɵĵ¶¶һ̣ϵͳһͬĸо
ϵԲۣдž;棬ֱģңϣྯ
ɽЦöģȻǳģ½ǿˣȻб˹ȥ
111ɱ㣡ͨ졣
ҵŶԼ¶èж㲻ϵвмһˡ
ϧϵͳҲģҫûгãͱ޲ˣұ޲ߵĺأ޲ߵرֻ趼޲߿ˣ޺޵ҧ޲ߡ
ͣ¡ǺɤӶˣǸĶð̶ˣûУ
࿴ٿԼ̲ͣס޲衣
֮ǰΪҰݵĸһ㻹ұӣ㻹ϵ͡һٱ޲ǻģһ˵һߴ޲ߡ
֮ǰһΪҰһ·˵Ƕһ£һһӽ첻޲߻ҶΡ˵һٺݺݵı޲ߡ
һΣŮװ㻹ҰݶŮ䣬ҪָɤӺƶ硪ô޲߻ҽθ硣Խ޲ԽϾҲ˵ʲô޲߾ˡ
θ~Ŀǻ
θ硪ϳ˵ӵĿǻ
θ磡豻޲ߵߵʱ͵ļС


125
౻еͷƤ顣
˴ӳ緹ʼ޲ߣȻ޲ߵ緹ûгԡ
ҵһμʱ򣬾μСӣ־Ǹ֮ţٺ־ǸУҷ֮ǰˡſǻе࣬ڸոҷ֣ʵ㲻Ǹˡ
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Ŷ𣿡üЦЦѵõĳ죬ĶЦҵŲˡ
㶼µȥ֡ӵĿһ裬۲ŵһ
ұͲǡ跭˸ۣǺʱվһ߹Ϊ㣬˶ƽʱյţƵһϵͳӡ
ͻȻ˽Ӳӵġ෭˸ۡ
ǵȻüЦЦôҸ߹Ĺ⻷ʹ㿴ҵ𣿡
ֻǾ̫Լˡ࿴ı飬Խť»111ϵͳ
ΪһΰϵͳҵΰۿɼǱд̿ǧŵӣҸҪԼұǽġſţԥĸභ졣
˵ʵе֮ǰڸʱմʱ
Ƿǳļįģһһεı䣬ԼȴͣԭأӵеĶʧȥ
˵δزʹࡣ
ϵͳӵĴڿܶ˵ԵΪҪˣɡ
֪ϵЩ𣬶Ҷȥġ෭˸ۣ˼ϵͳ͸˲赹ˮˡ
ڿ˶ˡϵͳſеˣ뷭ȴСĳ˺棬˻˻ĳ
ҵĳЦ
𣿲Ҹϣ˲赹ˮº˱ˮе˱һϵͳӣʵʲôöûУ軹ҪԵ
б±޲ңҪǲ޲ңһܸ㵹ʮˮ㡣Сĵһƣһû޲ߵʱ򣬲ȻҵʮˮӲҲȥ
˼ϵͳӶСްǸѱӷ£ǱŤƣ̲סЦ㲻Ķ㻹ĶңڻҸ㵽֣
裺¶޲ı顣

ݴ죬˶֪ġ
б±޲ңһӣ迴˲ơ
ֺ֪ǺǵģǹԹɵһϵͳıյģ̲סȥ޲ߡ
ҲܡǸɵģҰ޲㣬޲ʹҿ֡
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ŤŤ۵ӹ÷ɿ죬תۼԽԽҲԽԽˡ
ΪĻֺԽҪμͯԣԲԪڲ͵óˣǰĻ϶Ҫʼ׼ˣСҪ׼űͷҲʼææµµģ׼ǿǰҪĶ
ͯԵĻй涨ģһֱԸԣ൹ǾСôõѧϰǲģ׼ʱС˸ԵĻʱҲԲμһԺԣȻǺãɵĻҲǸԼҸо
ԵĻһ׼ĶͶȣԻҪĸͬ˵ı٣һżϹ˵ı٣Ҫͬ˵ı٣һżϹ˵ı٣ͬƵĻԺԾͬ˵ı٣һżϹ˵ı٣Щǰ׼õġ
ٵ˵ĻԼͿԳ䵱Ǹй˸С٣ͬ˵ĻŴ˶ԡ
Щ඼ģǵСĵӱȽϱ׼ĶͶ
һʼֻСʼ徭Сص㣬֪ʲô
̷άҲǸһѧģͯԸԶˣ;ŶµǳԺԣ׼ĶԽô࣬ôʱҲôǰ
ʵҵǾáһһǣǸۣеŤ˭һܸôѹģҵǾãֺԽʵҪôģСѧĶʵֻҪӳĻͯǴ´ġ
಻Σڰе徭Ŀζռˣټٽ꣬ʵҲûʲôģһеķš
ȥ֧ǱԾοοȻ˵䲻ڣкôģҸǻص㣬׼ĶҲͺô˸򡣡ԽܺҲǷ˾ˡ
Ҳǡ˵ͷ˵þûˣдʲôīûȥıı
һЩũ˶ʵ̫ˣ౻صұһѣԱߵ鷿û˵꣬ӰˣҲȥѰЩˡ
Ȼǰ׼ЩҪ׼һЩ֮⣬Ҫ׼ĶҲǲٵģ˿ʼ½½ľͿʼζ
δ硪̸㣬Ŷ롣
Щʲô跭˸۶ֻзˡ
ǿɲз̵ĺúõģ˵ͯԲκε⣬ܹģһǸĳɼ
Ȼˣйʲô
ҵ¶ɡ࿴ĸ㣬ͻȻеθۡ
ϵͳҲǼ˵ˣҪ˵ţƵţǣΪһͨͨϵͳӣϣúӣúţҪЩĥ
˵֮ǰջҲ֪Ϊʲôϵͳļ֮Գʽ½
ǳԵĻǳңϣΪһΪΪϵͳʾеļܵ㶼Ȼˡ
ɱԡ෭˸ۡ
֮ǰڸ˵ʱ˵ദģʽģ㻳
˵ˡ˿ڲ裬ʲô㣿
ʲô㣿ڼ̥¡ʱ䣬ʱûأɲø̥
Ŷ˵ͷ׼Խһȥǲμ꿼ԡ
ǺǡЦǱƽƽһ·˳ʲôģ
ʲô෭ۣ㲻ļ𣿺ôҲܵܰɣ

ֺԽʱȷʵŬˣѧһֱܶ춼͸ˣѧһնûᵽ
硪̸ֿ
š˵ͷоôˣľ𣿡
Сֵ˵ͷθǰԾҵʱҺԽһһ£⼸׼øδ
Ǻáʾοĵ˵ͷǼúѧϰҾȻȥˡ
һߣͣ
ĵĹֵ꣬һֱ15ԪƽڣӵĻЩŮ˵ǱȽһգΪԪƽڵĻسǻһȽϴĵƻᣬЩƽʱ׳ŵŮСһŵģԺЩС׶ƻɵġ
˵ԪƽڡĶϣҾÿȥһ¡
ҿУӲҪˣǰòҪ֣ϸĸ
Ҿû¶ɣϵĹ˸ԣǱ̵׵ģҸʲô⺢ֲ⡣
Ǻû¶̾˿зƣͣȥ߶Ƚࡣ
˵Ҳǡ˵ͷ˵ǳ֮ǰɲõĴ㣬ǳȥ˳ֻŷˡ
һȥУɽϱѩصģ䲻˵һô죿࿴һĳԹһȲ˹ȥҲᵹȺȿڲٳԡ
͵˵ͷԹԵغ˲ȥԹ
ɹʼһεʱڣ˵ûʲôˣֻôֵĻƽƽһϷ޵ĬС
˲֪ദ˶ٸ磬ӶĬС
Ҳȥڼƻˣ˵سⶼڿŵģôˣ
ⲻóҲڿţûʲô¶Ҫ˳ͷɽҰ࣬һ죬⹥ˣȥ㡪
˵ͷԥĻӿͷȥ֣ϵͳͷ
Ͱ˻ȥĬغ˿ڲ裬Ȼִ˱ڿ˵ˡ
Ȼһͱﲻסˣǰڿʲô
ʲôѽ°ͷļϣ࿴˾Ͽ
ûʲô෭˸ۣ˻ְӵһߣ°ͷҼϡ
ǡһһѾ㲻ڰɣ
ǳ֮ڡͷŤһȥ
跭˸ۣɵģҵ֪СǳҲ֪Сǳ̶ȡ
ûԹԵȥˣžͰסˣĳһ̹Ȼ
ι㹻˰ɣ˵װͰ͵ġ
һ߿һ¼
迴һĬĬذͷ˹ȥ


126
˵Ĵ㻹ûųɣҪȥȥŵʱֿȥˣ˳һ䡪
үʲôֵʱϴ룬һ̨ͷͿֻҪŵӡ
֮ǰɲõ㣬˵ɴ˰ɣȥı߱ȽϺáĳ˴ر񣬲ϻΧһΧ
һĻʱЦˡ
Ҫ˵үôǾүأϾʱ䶼ȥˣ඼ɵϷȥˣô䣬ﾭܵסųȥ죬¾ͶıѩͷˡЦÿ붼ϴˡ
Ȼһȣ֮ǰֻŸ˼ҷŵʱδףˣһһԽԽ䣬߶ϰããģѩصһƬųȥ¶ġ
Ȼûзųɣ㬵ȥԸ˸˸úտţ׼ȿٸŻȥ
֪ˣȻǶһٳЦ
ҵʱֱһģһСⶼֲЦĶģľսģҪǰɣЦĻʵʵˣʶĺӻ¡
ϽסˣЦʱı˳˳ʲôģ˵Ƿķǳλˡ
˸⡣
16ͱߵ꣬һһεʱֻУֻ飬˵޷ɵ񣬵ĺȻףʲôûбһ
ͻȻӿһɸжͻȻͲЦˣתס
ͻȻʵûʲô仯ЦЦһӡǡ
ûʲô仯ͷ˺ö𣿡
Ҿûб䡭ͻȻס֣ҵĸоҵһʱ־ޣμҵСүǸ16Сһꡪ
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СӸ಻֪Ϊʲô˵һַǳֵܸ߳Уָоɣ˵Ķⶼ΢΢ĺ
ǼСӡȴסڣ˵࣬Ҫʱ˿̵ı̫ˣ費ɵģͬʱ־һɧһֻСèĵӣС~
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˵ˡĶ͸ˣһͷ־£ͷǸӺᣬ費ɵЦЦŤŤģֱӵڴϡ
౻Цܸ߳б˺쵽Ӹˣǰ·£ܿ˶ۺۺġ
һһߵϷࡪ
󱻶ûˣץȥ⣬ӵģЦĶҪˣŤŤĵڴϣЦһһġ
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ΪһֱϵͳദʽϵͳΪԶĿǰĹϵ൹ͦϰߵġ
ֻǡ
˵ʲôСѽƨһ£Цҡ
ˣˡոЦֱ쭣˴˿ᶼסˣЦȴûס۾һЦ⣬~Ҵ~
ϵͳ۷˵࣬ĬĬջԼ֣ĬĬָϵͳһʡ
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ǲЦˣǣҸո˵ѽҾڸҵһμʱ򣬻μСӵʱûʲô𡣡
Ҿɴˣѧ˺öණҵԸҲ仯˺ö࣬ҾҾվ֮ǰļǰǶһϵóҡüԴӿʼֱȽϼѵʱ򣬾ͺ֮ǰļˡ
֮ǰļһرůļңְ趼ģͷ磬ر㣬Ǽеӣƽܳ裬˰ְǶ֮⣬绹ܿأ˵İ֣ϵͳ˵֮ǰμҵСӣȷʵ٣ҪμҾʵμҵȨƵλټϸĸ͸ĳ谮ǸСһĴ
ѵЩ飬һİ¹һԶķÿÿһź
࣬㲻ͻȻһ࣬ܶʱǲܿ͸͸ı󿴵ıʣȻ㾭˺ܶ磬Ϊʼʵûжı仯
Ҽǵõһμʱʲôӣʲôˡ˵ĻԽԽᣬյĶϸҧ䣬Լҵĸоһʼڶһ
಻ɵЩĬ
ɡ೤̾һΪʼնûǸ磬ûҵûʼʱʲôӡ
Ǹ𣿡СͻȻ˵
಻ɵһ£ȥ
԰˵ͷûȥصǸ磬ܽ⿪Ľᡣ
һֱ֪Ľᵽʲôֻ֮ǰΪϵͳһֱϵͳţеǱȽǿģЩʶĺԵʹϲ࣬111Ӱ컹ʹԵЩ
ԽԽɹõĽͱԽԽḻͬʱ111ӰҲĵ
Һ˹
Ȼ֧꣬߼Ļ¾ҲŲȥˣȻͻһıϵͳʱյһССĽֱӱ⣬˴ڵκټ
һʼϵͳµЩʲôȨ󣬱ʲôʲôϣħջ󣬶ǰ滭һ÷ֹʵĶ
ʵϣԸģûüֵߣΨһ³ʱһ۵ĵطԶǵС
ɼǵ16࣬һƺɫСź̽Ψûж⣬еҪ֮˼һһԸǾϣԻص磬Լְ͸硭
ò˵16ǳɬҲûʲôر˽⣬׵һֽһ
ϵͳһһŰֽͿĨɫһһıࡪ
ϵͳʼʱ򣬶кܴεģ֪ڼһȫֵܼĵԸֻһϵͳϵͳţȻΣûʲô¡
һѡҪԼѡԼȥˣ90%˶ѡԼɡ
ϵͳʱҲ뷨֮ϵͳȥһЩرΣյ񡪡
ϵͳҡ
һԼûʱ򣬵һ۾࣬Ϊ
ڶ鼰ʱֲҼʱĴϵͳ϶ʵķչ׳˽Ļᡣ
д֪మ֪֮Ȼûиҵģ׵ԭ
ûĽˡҡҡͷ˵ȫûбҪȥ
¾ô˵ˡȴ˰֣໹׼˵͸Ͻֱ۹ĲӣѹԼĴϣֱӷס졪
˵Ƿǳˡ
ȷˣüҾá
ҲҪãҪҾá迪ھǰԵܲ¼ҵģҰѺ۴źһȥ
ǡǵʱմҪϵͳϵģһ뿪ϵͳĻ˼ʲôߡ
ġ迴ɣʱ򣬰ϵͳռ˺㣬ߵʱִϵͳǱߴһЩȻ࣬ʱ껹ǲġ
ʱռзеļ꣬ǿɲȫļ꣬ͱһʱռзֻҪһ룬ֻȥһ룬С羭˶ʱ䣬ʱʱȫŵġ
Ծ͵˵ͷ˳һ䡣
ܴʱշ϶𣿡赹˱˹ȥҪ贩٣Ȳȥôůůӣ᲻к
Ȼˣ˺ϵͳռʱ͵͵д˺Щö㷢ûУüЦЦҸԼʱͬҲд˲ٶڵĻȻ飬ϵͳ֮ҺϵͳֵģȻû֮ǰSϵͳôţôҲA߶μһˣʱշ϶鶼С˼
ЦЦһСϱ
Ǿͺá
Ҫǻȥ軹и֪˸кӣһԴŮװԽ˵Խŵ
ξ෭˸ۣѲ賯Ǳ˹ȥСϱԹԵĺȲ裬ůůġ
ǰϵͳ뿪ϵͳ裬֪ʲôǰ벻裬ȻһˣڸЦһҸ


127
Ԫʮ壬ĶֺԽͯҪʼ׼ˡ
ҵǾǱߴҪ㡪ڴϣӴŶӸི
ҪȥĻ᷽һЩü
Ҳȥèһ죬ȷʵèܣȥߡ
ҪǰɣԴ࿴һ֮˶еһһǺ޲ǧʲô¶
ôأ趼ԼҪгˡ
ǰЩӸѩҪǳȥĻһ·ϴô죬һʲôô졭ͷ
Դϴһ֮ҲûҪͷʱ㿪ˣʱ˿ȥͷ͹ԹԵԭصꡪ
ҲǷǳɿɰˡ
࣬ͷŪˡɽ롣ߣ
ʲôëһ쵽ľϲͷͷˡ跭˸ۣЦÿһ
ٸͷôƢЦЦϾϵͳǹƢͷѾǷǳĽˣٸá
ҲáȥһӿͶһͷҷſڴϿӡ
ſšֱӻɹţѹŶˣողų극ѹθ¡
Ŷ˵ͷ˵Ļ㻹벻ȥ
ʵǵִͦģǵһʼִ
롪üʶֲŵСϱڻ
𣿡軹ǲš
Ͱ°͵ͷ붫Сϱ˻
ʵܶ鲻Ҫ̫żġ˵ͷΪǵʱմԽʱп˼ĺӣԲѡģҸ˵ȥֲھͻȥֻƻѡ
šͷ
̸ˣͻȻһʲôʯͷһ˺öࡪ

ʮ˵ʱԽҪȥسǱ׼ˣһȥġ
ΪĻȷʵǲóţ캮ضĲ˵һиĿľͲˣӦĻҲûȥ
һµĻڶ³һ㣬ԵĻԽҪسǱס¶ˣȻ¶࿼֮󣬽ţʮ֮ԺˣԲ˵Ҫ¶ݲܻ
̷άݻֻԺԵģ³ߣ¶ݻ
Сһߣׯۿɼ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺ö࣬ԷʱϾ͹ˡ
࣬裬ó
Сߵĵڶ죬ͷԸֲҪˣǿʼԹˡ
䣬ùһ߳һرůͲ˵Ҳ
˸ӣִһ磬ͤԹӡ
ӣĺĿζҲ򵥡
ϴгɴ飬Ͷ뿪ˮЩܲԼӣȥζˮϴˮϴӽ֧ٺѣϴгС飬ڣӲκˮˮϴɾжΡ
ٽڻϣȷŵ߲˵ףٽ顢򳦡ǷϣȻƾơжΡƬտˮû飬տƲĭӵʱɫףСʱһʱ⡢򳦡͸ֱ̳˺С顣
ʳõʱȡ⡢򳦡ǿȣʢڣҨΡζÿζ˶ΣȡˮװС룬ͬʱʳá
߳߶Ŀʼѩˣ߶ܱ߶̿Źӣů͵ֻǿԽ񡪡
סسǣȻ˵סˮݵĺԺ˵ҲȷʵǷ㣬Ϊ֮ǰûסԻʰ䣬ЩҲûô̿ĻҲù͹ģǵö顭
ò׵óԷˣ˾ȶѾЩˣȥҲ
˿ʼׯůķů͵ķʳ
˵֮ǰǸܵģķԶķ󲿷ֳˣеడƷʲôģű飬ͱȽƫЩرů͵ķˣԹѽѽѽ֮ģůůһ̿䶼ůˣȺĳԵθˡ
ԽһӸȻЩί
ǵ׻᲻ѽԽӸƵһߣǸƣڵƵģһϾͷ˴һƵġ
һСɵԴ
⡭СҲίҪǷҲģǰæ˹ѣôҪӣ
֪֪ʲôǶҪԵĲˣ֪֪ʲôҪԵˣԽ˸ۣһӡ
ǵһû׼ʲôҲģ˼Сʲô𣿡ַ˸ۣΪԽʱ޿̲ڰڼӣ޲ȫ˶ҪΧת˺뷭ۡ
Ҷһ鶼ҪˣҪҶۣԲܡԽΪʲôҪμӿƾ٣ƾ٣Ҳһܿ״Ԫġ
Ϊһʲ׼İߣԽʾҪߣַ˵·ء
ϣĻʳúܶࡣַ˸ۣҲǶһ𣿿ָĲˣȻеǻʵʵĳ˵绹Ҫء
ԽһүƢһү壬ֶЩ¡
ҪǻûܵĶûгʲô࣬ǵԼСʱرȻҲûʲôԵģ־;ſˮ߶ϣżһС㣬ָͷϸϸһǰͷժ˶Ķϴһϴε
Ҿһ˵˵Խε죬Էļһ˷ʵʵĳԷˡ
ЦЦǶ˲С˵ͷȥˡ
СȻһмĿ̸֣Ͻˡ
Сֻ֪ԽԸ˲СүԣеˣӲĻͦġ

ҲһԷ˳극ָȥ鷿ȥˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɡָųԶ緹ůůӣһ緹͸˵ܸоӸˡ
Ҳ˶ţǻ鿪ʼˣԽ趼ʼˣ˵Թϰ죬˸ûȤҲ㬵ʵʵĿˡ
˿
֮ǰ͸¶һԽݣȻҲ˵ԽĻҪǽ̵ƾʲôķôҪˣԽĹεĻһֱôӣǷճΪΪӣܸúþ
ȷʵһģ߿ƾٵ·ӵģؼʱ̣ϣԽҪŵֲźá
æˣ鿴ڵĿڣһʱ֮鷿ﵹҲг
ʶ澹Ȼ˴ѩˣëĴѩ׷ⳡǺ־Լ鶼òˣʵǽ
뵽ɵõģҪⳡһֱȥĻԵʱһñʶòô죿
Ҳ˲һʱ䣬һҪǵʱٶˣֿɿ϶һ۷ˡ
ֲɵЩǡ
ԽüͷĬĬʿˮĬĬԹԵˡ
֪ΪʲôԽִԽԽԽԽˣһֺǿѹȵĸо
ڰʱó̻һƹȴˣ˵˵Ƕҵĵܵߣ˳ʣЩ̼
Խһʱ֮жĶЩӯˣ̼˵˲أŸʮĻǿԵģʱľ̿͵ˣҲǾ˼ˡ
ȻǲסظлԽ˵һһûнӴЩֻǲס˵лֻǸģ˸ɰ˵ʱ˹ȥ
̿ԽǲͷˣҲúܶ࣬ЦһҴӣո˸ɶѽʵ֡
һɰֿһ߷Խһ䡣
ŶԽ˵ͷոûʵһʲôĺõĻ˶һЩʹͣҸոջûء
ָ̫ܴ߳ˡַ˸ۡ
Խ뷴ֻ˻ʾ𽲻

װһ
ȻԽķ
Խ˿ֵˣֿ˿ֵı飬ޱغϵӰӡ
Խʾһġ
سǶʮ飬Ȼ͵˶³ˣڶ³
ҲӦˣԵ쵹ǾԼ״̬ܺá
һĻҪĵ±ķԾͱȽˣʱĸĻҪ飬һֻṩˮˮǧҪòɾͲȣҪ죬϶ǳŲסģʱ׼ĸһȲ߶ôŹȥˣľͺˡֺԽûʲôŵӣͬӰͿʼţ߶߶˵ͣ


128
ڽŵֺͬԽûôģʰöǿ֮ģĿһĽǡ
ҲǱȽοˡ
ڶһСһȥſԵĵطԵĹоҪȥéޣȻǸӺѿǶԿԳɼӰģҲǧʲôе˼ȻṩˮһǻҪȵˣ˿֮ԱİţǧҪ˵ײ٣ײԱ֮ǰ⣬һҪԣҲʧ֡
Сǳɵĵ˵ͷĵ±ĻеװͿþߵĶͽȥˡ
ҿĺӦñȽԶԽǮ˺ƣֵĺơ
һʮߺţһһٶʮӦñȽԶˡ
ȵ˸ԵĺȻ˵ģֺԽʮǧԽǸطǳɺϣǡéԱߣֲĻͷһۣͿԽںˡ
ֿԽ˵ͯԿôĻȻǳЦ
ֵһνӴƾ٣ƽҲԽ̷άһѧϰҲ޴ӶԱȣҲ֪Լˮƽ״һʲôĵضΣ˵ŻһЩģֻ˶ӵӣֲɵЩټ϶µĺһΣɤеûš
Ⱦӷ־Ͳˣַ־ƽʱһѶȶ
֮ǰȻ֪Ǳľֿžʵڼ򵥣ֻΪû뵽ԾѶȵģȻˣе׶ҲˣոջЩִ˴˿Ҳˣ˺ĿʼĥīԾˡ
һߵԽȻԾܼ򵥵ӣƽʱԼҪϣټҪҲϣڱǷȱģһЩѽʲôȴǱȽϻģΪƽʱĶһЩӲĶȻдĿĿİͰ͵ģĲȷʵд÷ǳģֹ۵ǳ⣬Ӧܴﵽ˶ĿһµЧ
֮ԽͲܶ࣬ҪԽ±д˲֮½½ľһЩʼϲˣԽЩǼŵζܿԲһʲô桭
Խĵ̶УȻĿľͲ˺ܶ࣬ЩǻģȴһʱһЩ뵽˼·ģǾ͸ܽˣ⣬Խ
˿ʱõܵסԽ˶ˣַ˸ۣԽġ
߶ϰˣһСˣϽӭȥԽɷɷ׵ģʱĵģϽǰ˱ˮȥ
ô£ôر𣿡ǵԼʱԵʱûо̫ܣǶӺܶôԽȥ˳·߲ˡ
ҵǾûã֪ԽôֽӹˮһڣһԽιһ
ҾҿĺܲԽɫ˵ģּվס֮״̬ܲãž˺ܵģƫƫûԷˡ
ԽһԹеǵΧѧӶ˹Ͼһ˹˹ĵĶмͻȻ·ҷʵ˲עⶼѡ
ʲô˰ĴĲô˵ǰǸ˰ɣѧӽͷӶģΪԽǿ̫ſڳԡ
Щһ͸ǿԽˣͷӶ׷ףĶЩԽĻ
ƫƫЩЩ֪ߵغģΪԼ첻µزµ۵ЩԴһʱ֮ԽĶ䣬ǸԽĲС
˸ǶʲôԽ˼֮ǳϾų˿ͷأһÿ
ľЩˣһ쵽ûøƵģ춫ҳҶ̵ģǲԼôܿ٣˵СүԽȻɣǹʢ˵ӿһû㣬ݲñ˵
ҪЩˣԽķߣҲÿߵÿ죬ȻЩһӦ϶ָԽˡ
ò׿ˣȥúϴϴЩſڸ˳ô£

λƵݵķߡ
ˣո˶ӣмû㽲ͻȻʲô¶ˣүˣڲݵˡ
û˵꣬Խ˾ͼϾѾôûмҸˣһ뵽ҸȻеޡ
ҵԽһɨղͰ͵ӣͻȻʼԼѣԼͷʲôģӿݵĲУڱҵˣҡ
ɾԽҲ֪ģ⸱ݵȥĻ»û˵Ͼͱˡ
ż·Ҳûˮϴ˵˲ݺͷȥϴһ£ȥˡֿԽͷģеֱӵĸо
ҲҲǡԽסϵļȭͷյеǲԾ
һ·˲ݶԽһһ˾ͲˣܵͷԺԼķ棬СϽˮȥϴϴʲôġ
һ˵ںԾô
ɿһͬġֽһԼ̣ȻְѴ𰸽Ĵʮֻֻӡ
һŶȷʵǲ֪ģȴѧȳ˵ˣЩ𰸡˵ͷ񲻵òȷʵǽ̵ĺãѧĶرϺЩҪ̻һĿתһӾⷽ浹ǲҪġ
ĵͲۡ
һһߣ߶ͤӵš
ǻˣȺȱ衪ӹں洵ϰ죬Ϊ˵ӣ˻ȴ˿ɵЩʧ
ֿһˮӣɵþЩЦͬʱһЩж
ҪСʱģҲûôḸɽĸˮʲôģԶЩһֱǻڴġ
ڿԽܺԶ·ӶӲ˵רߵӿԻ
˵ҪһǰֻĽĲˡ
ֵ̬Щ仯Ҫ֮һֱرãмֹעѧҵѧʲôģƽֽЩԶڸʲôģֵû֮ǰôڴˡ
ԽڿԱ߾éŪЩǱȻطϴˣʱֹɵһԽҲϹϵƽǶФȻˡ
˿֣ʱ֪ΪʲôмӰӣ˵࣬˵ʡ
˻׷ɱĴ֣ȻĴлģŶֵɫ̬Ҳ࡭
һԽŻһ·룬ͷҲһ˿ˡ
Խʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲô﷢ᣬǸˣԽ̶߲̰ʱ䣬㳤һͷߣԵҲ׳ʵЩһʱ֮䵹ˡ
Ǳӹǣٸײô졣
ҲǵǱԽصĶ֣࣬Խ˹ȥ
ԽɵҸԱߣҸһʱ֮ЩỨģϧԽڿʱԱ߾é޳ģĳԶûԶˣ˵Ҵææϴս裬Ķûü͸Ͻܹˣú˵أԽĶӾر
˸ۣɵӣһʵС
ղŴһͿҶӸ˲׳˲٣˵˵Ҳ仯ر֮ǰʱ·ϺúôģͷϹԹԵĵøɾּĽһҵĹӵĸоһӵܵϢ
һأ壬˵еͻȻҵı
ФμԽ;Խ仯˺ܶࡪ
˴·ˣҹ֮ǰǴɫģǴĽɫ۵ѣڹԹԴһɫѧʿۣĺÿӣֺܹɡ
أ˵仯رСڿŻʸо࣬ŵûǰḡĸо
Խ仯ʾǳ⡣
ԽҸĻᣬ˳ץЩĳ
Ǳ仯˺ЩԽͷ
߾ȻҹˣֺͲԱ߰¶ˣɴԻطϴϴ׼Ȼȥһˡ
Խѵ껰֮ĸһׯӡ
ι㣬ߵĻԿ˾͵ˣܵǸ˴кɣ˳ιӸ̳ӿ϶Ĳ׵ģôҲúúøлл
Խü:֮ǰرǰɣ


129
һ·ĸ˻λε˺ðŻׯӡ
ʱѾҪˣׯҲ׼ˡ
üĸˣ֪ȥϼꡪ
˺Ϻֵĳ˶ٷ˷ȿ˿ڡ
ҲǶлιӵĶҪлιҶڼҶĽ̵ĻǱбʣԽҲһˣ׼Խһȥһ˵һƵĺӹ
νĵ˵ͷ˵Ҳȷʵˣ׼վ𣿡
š˵ͷǱȷʵƸӣһԽȥߵıʤʹĶ֮࣬ǰҲˣ쵽ڶߡ
Ҵ֪ǰŷ䡣˵ͷԽһ֪ȥʰģ͸ȥ
˵ͷԽ֪ͷȥǵĿͷȥˡ
ȵ˷ŰһֱԽָɿˡ
߿Խ֪ڴǸʲô
ЩʽԼǵıԽûһ仰ҸôҸôģ
Ļǰʱһʱ򼸺ûˣһҽסˣڿǺЩˣ˽ǵģҲһܺõġ˵ԽҲü֪ǵıͬˡ
Խ˵ͷ
ǵڶ컹ʱԽˣԽڳϣ˵˵˵ͷ
Խׯӵһһľֿˣɵ˺Щ棬һʱ֮仹Щᡪ
ԽԱһǰҲǳɳ࣬ǰôˣͷҲ״壬գգ۾ۿỨգˣȻһһĵ𡪡
һʱ֮ͷҲЩģȻԽʱͲϲദôãֻ˽һЩԽģôһദôãҲЩġ
ǰ˱ԽȥԺɱˣʱҲԻٲȻԺҺ̷άһȥǿԵʱپ۵һԷ
ͬ˵ĸҲǺܲģһһ⣬Ҷǰĺӣһֵģǽ˷ǳĸꡭ
̷ά۾Ҳе죬ǰ˱ԽϣԺлپۡ
ԽỨ˵ͷﶼˣģеġ
Ҳٵıʾ˲֮飬һʯķƣֻ֪λȥν£ֻܸ㣬ıˣ죬úţܱƽ
ǸƣҲơ
ܵӻҪΪ֮ӣһʼ׼̷ֺάݻԽȥԵʱһ˴һģԽһ߿ԺҲˣɴ͸˴ˡ
Խӹƣллθ硪
š಻ʤĵ˵ͷ
ֻվԱߵóϲÿƫƫԽҪǱ߶һۣƴ硪
ó˸۹ȥԽļԱĲ֮飬ǰǸļĶе̫ˣһ·ƽ
˵һˡ
ԽȷʵܸˣǸԺȥǵĻѽһ˺˱ӡ
óһ۲ŭӲЦЦסԽ뷨
߶𣬵һȦӵˣҲ·ˡ
һĿԶһٻׯӡ

Խ֮ׯ沢ûʲô仯Ϊ˰ɣֲرõԸܸоׯ氲˺öࡪ
ֹ˼죬ʦүˣһžһЦݣ˱ȭ˵һͨӺ
ȴֺԽ˶ͨͯԣʦү¶һ˾Ͱϲһˡ
Ҫ˵ѽιӵСӣ鰡ȷʵһ֣ɲŶ̶һʱ䣬ȻһͿһףľѽҿ˶̲סİ桪ʦүЦǺǵĺ˿ˮһϲĿ˵˵
ҲЦЦǺǵĵͷϲָʦүһС
ͬϲͬϲմմϲ࿴ʦү׼ƾܵӣϽ˵һ䡣
˵ʧҵȻҲø˻ȥˣϾմϲ
ʦүһ緹ЦǺǵĸˡ
һת۾Ϳϲ֣˵ѾٿС˵ӡ
ƽһӣû취ĸ˫ȻСȷʵżΨһˣɲһСҳĸо
Цļۣĺʱ̲סġ
ȷʵǲ˵ͷͷ˵ӣֵͷ
͸̷άһׯѧϰȹһȥԣȡһ׻ǸãСǱкܴڴġ
ò˵ȷʵһĺӣĿֲ˵˶ԼҪҲȽϸ񣬿ɲʺ϶鲻ˡ

ׯֶ˼飬쵽ԵʱŰ͹ȥˡ
˴˿ҲѾǰµΣڣһҲȥ붼УѰ˼ϰƵҲǸ¶͸ɴ̷ֺάݿԵĻᣬһ𵽳桪
ȻǸ˵Ĳˣʲô¶ûУǲҳȥ
Ҳһ𣿡˵ıǼ⣬һˤʹĻ𣿡
ƲƲ죬⿴ǳˣÿʲôģʲôϡ档
̷ֺάιһӵĹ
ȵسǰ˷ڲݺԺסţֳȥȥˡ
ҿǸ÷õ÷ɣġ迴÷ԡ
һﱧţȴֻžˡ
ڻأҪ÷Զ׵ϳʲôġԼһ÷ȴڳˡ
õղŵǹɲˣô÷ˣǿŹ
һһһ߳ԣνǹٿĲˡ
䵽һʱͻȻǰͷԶиˡ

ǰʱֳǰ㲻õ¶һ϶ģ׵ҪϳţһʼԼݻת֮ﱻһ֮󣬴·ٳȥͿԱߣϷһ顪
үˣ
ֻǰһڣʱذġ
ûŶȥأһֵǰˡ
ȴӺһŶˡ
˵ظӲ˵Ӵһ٣Ȼ˵ʲôҲߣſ
ҲܲסˣƳȥˣȻǱסһٺҲסѡ˸еķӣȻذȢˡ
ӵźҷȻرģǿȥտʼ컹ܣޣʵˣǲˡ
Ӽֻ£Ȼûʲôܵģǰظ͵ʲôĹߣҲڼҲĴĥ
ⲻһһسӡ
֮û׼ֱ߹ȥϾ˵һϵͳȻ֮ǰЩмģǵװɣûʲôо˵̶ʮ꣬˵һգһ
ռ˷ǳٵһ֡
ȷʵ趨ȻֱӾŪӵ߹ȥ
ǼǵȻ㼸裬ⲻûƵ𣬷֪ô¶䵽ز
ЩĲУ޵
뵽Լͷģٿ贩һĺӲ˵СĵĻڻʱһ֮һûסֱӳǰ׼һѡ
һֱעܣټΪȷʵֱֱͣĳһ˲䣬͸Ͻһλãֱӻǰ
ǰ͵һƣȷʵûƶʱѾһ߶ˡ
۾ͨ죬Ǻ޲ðɱһ
費ɵü
˵ģϵͳ飬ʵ˵ĸ鲢ûж˽⣬Ҳ͵ĻûʲôͬģȻ֮ǰԼµ֣Ҳֻһһڻ
ֱü
û°ɣܽŵһ衣
û¡ҡҡͷýʲô
Ҫɱ㣬Ҫɱ㣡ܾԼ䵽һΪԭԽԽѹԽ裬޲óƤ㣡㣡ҵһҪ㣡
ֱһ۸Цˡ
ʲôƽĲʵ㲻ظãʲô鶼ƸңӻƷڻҵҡ
ɼǵʱطʱڵ׵Ŀɾ
һûƵԼЩ¶ֱ赱˵˳ʱͨ죬¡Ķӣȥ衭
ǰѺײһʬ۾ͨ


130
迴һֿһ࣬ͻȻһԲˣֻԭͨ
࿴СϱǰͷͷһղŵĻţ򴽣ְ˳һ롪
ֳһΣղǰһֱߵͻȻͷ*һࡣ
ʶĵ˵ͷ
ͼǰ濴һ˵Ǿ仰һ֡֡
ոҲһΣ࿴÷׼ԣϽ˹˵ֻܳȻô죿
ðɡ˱죬溬һ÷ĵֹĵұߣСһɿɰ
һ˳֡һ߳ǿŴ÷һ߿ڳݲĸ˵
˵ͷһҳһΣܵùƽضˤӡ
ЩͲҪĵˡ
ʱ̷άݺ˲μԺԣǵ±һѾ³ˣҲʼůȻõͯԵʱ˶һ
ȥȵ˵طͰӵݸ֣ȻһĻ
ֱȳһĹֻԼһʡ
һļĸо
һ˵ֿĻǷǳģĻֵ״ʶֵҲ˲һʱ䣬Ȼ˵ֲʱۻԵĻоûеһá
ĲҲҪĽЩΪ˿ţʮءƽ﹢ֱϰˣ˵һҲģο˻粻ο
ֵͷģӦܹģֻһȴҪٻٽſˣһʼȷʵˣ㵽ǲŶ˲һ顪
šֵ˵ͷҵǾͦ򵥵ġ
̷άҲ˼˾Ĵ𰸡
γɼıȽ²ſʼ̷άȻǿķǳģ˸ף˵ͲһЩˣҲǿĻڶʮ
һεĻϲ˵̾ʹĶˣҪ̵Ļ̷ά˵ġ
ΪףСĶ׼ҲСϰֵİһлʦ硪
һƱϲεһ˵СǱֵó費˾ͿˣҲֻǼдʲôģһо⣬ûĿеȥμĻʫʲôģҲûеʹϵ
лʦͶϲĵ죬Ļ˲ˣֻǷǳϧģЩƵһҲ̹
ȴ̷ά֮ǰǷǮǸķ
̷šķϰͦһĶӣ˳ԵķͷģЦһˡ
̷άݲɵһϾ֮ǰõģɲķϰ塪
ô̷άԱߣҲеˣһ̷άݵļ̷ά¡
λϰǣüһ䡣
һӲ˵Ĺһʱ֮䵽˶ķϰ岻ǣ֮ǰķϰҲǴģ˵ǴӾǱľǱ߹˶飬һӶˣķϰıһʱ֮ҲҰѻ˵̫󡪡
Ҳ˵̷ſմմϲȱϲЩɲ¶ģһһݷǮԲٵġķϰ幰˹֣Ц˵
ºЦЦ˵ͷ
˷ߵĲˣǶķϰ˿ûߡ
⡭̷ſɻǵңķϰķһ۲˵
СȻǼǵѦϰġ̷άҲΪѣʵǷе࣬߰׳԰ס׺ȣ໹飬ҲʵˣȴûʲôǮģǮҲҪĹ׷С
Ѧϰʱ˿̷ܹάȷʵû취ֱӳġ
ʵѦϰĵǺãΪŵʱһھӵĶܹͽҲǽӼһѰ˼ô̷άҲеǮģ˭̷֪άȴһԽûмЩھӵġ
Ѧϰһʱ̷ֲ֮ά½ĻŵһţҪ֪ߵĿһͨ·һһ̷άݾͿأҿŶܿһǷǳġ
˶Ĭʱȴ߹
ѦϰʲôһǰԺЦеѦϰݳ롣
ѦϰȻûʲôӦģҲһơ
ǰԺѦϰһһߣ̷άȻǺһˡ
֮ǰأ̷άԽʱ̷άݵʱ϶ദһϢۿžͻˣ̷ά˵ǶķϰҪ˵ʱõͱġ˿ڲ費˵
ǲ飬ȴѦϰЩ־塪
㿴ξ˵ʲôѦϰЩεЦЦ̷άݷһ̷ۣάûʲôı飬Էһġ
ѦϰȴǷˣϾͱ൱ͷ
̷άˣǸţ˵ѦϰҪڿһ¿²⴫ɡЦеİѱӷһߣ˵ºͻȴ˵ĸֵ
̷ά̲ס̧ͷһࡣ
û뵽ʱһӦ鷳ˣά
̷άݻǵԼѪڻĽҰصȴʱˣȻһ˵еһ
̷άסе⡪
⡭Ѧϰ忴Ǹº͵ıȴ̲סһݣ֪ЩһһףеʱϸЦ̵ıȴͻȻͱһҲοǸ顪
̷άǷ50ʵѦϰ˵ʲô¶ֻҪǮĹ̷άԺͨ·Ŵһ¹ϵ
ˣԽǮܲ࣬ҲǼ£׼ֻҪһǮһͲҪˣ顪
ȻԺһ¡
ֻû뵽ȴάΥԼһеģֱӰˡ
Ѧϰһʱ֮䲻˵ġ
أҲǽģǷծǮ֣֪һһ50ӡ
̷άҵܵܣȻҲӦҹܵģ50ѦϰպãպĪˣȻĳҲǺ˵ˡװ50ӵǮ˹ȥ
Ѧϰһʱ֮ЩӲĻȻͲø̷άݴùϵˡ
ǱϾͷҪǮǮˣô죿
ϾոѾвˡ
Ѧϰ㬵50ˡ
θ硪̷άǸһ𺰵ġ
ͷЦЦСͷСһӣ̲סһ䣬ǧҲĴҸո˵ϵĵܵܣһСǮ㲻ʲôҲȥúѧϰˡ
̷άݺ˵ͷ
֮Ӿڲ̲Ĺһķɿ죬쵽ˣֵˡ
ó֪ʲô磬̻һ˵ܵͦõģҪǱ߶һˡ
СĶһҲȽϽţȻҲûиȥֻóһȥˡ
˭֪óһ߾ûŶһ˼òУ̻ɽߵˣȲ衪
Ǻ³ʱڴˣһǺϢϢ
ϢԽġ
˵óΪ˾Խ˵ˣȻھǱ߶ء
Ϣ̲סһۣĿ֮һЦ
ҪԵߣԽóһǸߵĴֺͽʵ̶ȿɽһ
ҪһʼóԽദʵǲôӣһʱҲû˻Եһ˵
ڵˣóǸء
ѮʱȴִһϢ
Խǻˡ
˵һʵۣ޷԰ΣԼĵҩԵѪС
أûܷĶӡ
ҪرЦǣ֪ô¶ŮĴ󲿷ֶŮòӣǶõġ
ֵܵĸǶƫƫ˸û¶Ƶġƫƫ˸û¶ƵģȻ󱻶ԷĸŪˡ
һȶˣһ϶ˡ
ҲǷǳˡ
һȻûа취ѡ˳ˣǾѡһġ
С岻ãҹҰ׵ӣҲֻ뵱¶ˡ
Խأһֻϲ̣ԹȫҲû뷨ˡ
ȥȻ䵽Խͷϡ
һӵεϻʵ۵ģ
˲֪ԽȴǱȥ䵽ͷϡ
Խǻ֮󣬵һ¶ǸׯӴ˸ҡ
ָһʱ䣬ͦдҷ緶ĸоȥܻͦˣһҵûиʲôˣóһ֮ǰڲ׾ĸо
Ұ°ʱ͵ˣø
൱ʱͷżһżþûûʲô⡪
һأׯһֱϽȥǱ߶ʥּ
˵׶ӣǳ˳ģҲǰʱӣˣһк
Ȳ˵ȥһۣ˲ȥϴ·ųȥʥּ
Խɽׯ
ӹʥּɵһ㱡


131
Ӳ̲Ĺת֮Ӳ̲ػ˵Ĵ졪
Ĵȷʵһ¶
Ȼ¶ǶҶԵġ
Խǻʵ۾ҵҵȢˣ
ȢǱȻʵ۴Ƽҵոó
Ϣʱһۣ¶һЦݡ
˵Խóˣ˭û뵽Լû뵽˾Ȼߵһ𡭡
˵ǷǳɣԽǣʵ˺Щ飬Щ黹رΣա
ʱʵѾ߻ħĵزͨ죬˵ײˡ
ʱͻʵһһϵʿϵʱը¯üۣϵʿķ⣬׼Ƴȥնףϵʿ˲Уڻʵ׼Ƴȥն׵ʱȴ˵һķӡ
˵Ѫ׵ĹƵҩϡ
˵ģ⣬ϵʿҲһ˵ʵȴˡ
ǵʱΪŮǴѾˣ˶ӸǲܶˣΨһŮǻʵ۷ǳ谮Ůʵۻһǣûȥǡ
ʱͻȻʵߵ̫ʵ۳˸⡪
̫´ӻʵۻûгΪʵ۵ʱʹڻʵ۵ߵģԶԻʵ֮ǰ黹֪ܶģʵۺͨ顭
ȻˣҲ֪ӽǻʵ۵⡭
̫ôһ˵ʵ۾ͷȥˡ
Ǿ̫˵ķǳĶԣԼߵŮӵȻеģȻ᲻öǱߵӣȷʵ׼ģȻˣﶼ¯ҲǶףһݸˡ
ʵԽԽöԣټʱȷеĵõ߱˵ӲûһҲԽ绹͵͵Ľӻȥˣʱ˼
֮ǰȫû˴ɱһֱӾʥּ˵̫ˣӽ
ʱӵʥּʱ;ˣǵʱʵͱˣģҲ۸ֵˣʱŲȻһɡ
ǾɽذԽˣȻʼˣ׼ƻʵֱӸƵ
˵ҲǻʵλͷˣʵĻӹܣټѰʵֳ¶һγ龭һЩ϶ǷǳϧģʵճҲ͵˹飬ЩطѻʵۻϲᲦǮȥ֣ԴԹصЩҲÿŷԻʵ۵ͷиԪֱһͷײסײҲһء
ʵ۵ĻӹԶ׼ģҪƷȷʵҲѡ
ʵ۰ܾͰĲߣʵ˶꣬˶˳ھ½
ʱӲŵǣʵ۵ʱӵһ˵̫ȥԽй
ʱȻûԽȥģһϵЩԻʵۻԹѾõһ׼ڹؼʱ̸ʵһֱӰ⵹ʱԱͱȽڷˣʵԽֱӴߣһɹˡ
ԽսƴɱУ书ȷʵɱֵΧ֮ûаңһѵİ㲻͸磬һĹعʱȴɱѾԽˡ
֮ǰĻ֪Խ϶Ǳȥʵ۵ĵˡ
ʱҹקӰˣһʱ֮ЧӦȻòˣȴûа취
ǳɵǣó̻ᵱʱøյǲãóʱ뿴гʲôȥһʲôϢûд̽˵һ׸
Խ
ԽʱץΪ˻һֱͣټɽׯʵҲѧһȭŹ򣬵ʱһСĻ汻ˣȻҹ͵ӵܣʲôץң汻ܳȥһ·Ͼһͬ
ҲǷǳˣҹǽ˻ûйֱӾͲŰ͹ƽǽ棬߶ȥˡ
ǽһ߶óڿ׼Ѱ˼Ѱ˼̸̸۸ء
һ̧ͷͿԽùߵģԽʱرЦֱһ˵ó˹ȥ
óҡԽó૵
óʱԽֱ˵Щ㶵Ļţ֪ûסأʹǽµˡ
Ȱð˽Ͷĺ˵ǳţ°Ϳ˵ġ
óԽֿ˿ˣﰵ̾һ£ˣһпܻˡ
ԱԽèóǴСͿʼأȻΪ˱Լ֪ԼǸʱȱ˸ӵŬ书ҲǷǳģԶԶûԽôǿ
óһ˴ˣȻ˵ˣ˶˹ȥһˣԽȥˡ
Խʵû̫صˣֻܵ˾ţټǰһֱû˯þ㲣ȻֱӾεˣ԰ʱ˾ˡ
Խ֮ſԽ㣬Զĵطɴɴм仹͸Ѫɫ
һȻһЩ飬ԽҲ֪óʵǸʵ
Խǻ֮󣬵һʱ׼óָݣȻóһ𣬵ǻ󣬾ѡ˸ӣó׼ˡ
˵ģԽó˱ӵʱû뵽һȻĸԸǳĵİóȢؼҹš
ܵ˵ҲһϰѺϵֵֺϸһˡ
ǰ·ݣþ·ݾǿƾ٣˻ʵԽӻ׼ֱӰοƾٻΪơ
οƾ̷ֺάҲ׼³һˡ
ҲǸԽóĻ˸ɴ׼·ݾͽǣ·ݲμӻ񣬾·ÿԣô˵Ҳǹϵôܳ׶ȥء
׼ĲĻ˾׼׼ˡ
µ컹Ƿǳȣһ·ϵɽˮŸ·÷ǳĿġ
̷άݺһѧϰʲôģͽ̲ˣ󲿷ֶǿѧʵǲ㲻׵ģȥ࣬νһ·ʱһ·ӡ
ǱźӺһСӲ꣬ϣ裬رĹɣɿɰһţװ۵Ŀ޲ͬһ䳤úãȴһħӣ˽ⶼÿɰ˽˶֪ǸȻڸڵĲеһС
ٿ޶ˡ
쿴⺢Ӷе㲡
÷·һѱ֣ϻ֡ķǳ
֮ǰʱΪļ໹ϵͳĹϵһֲ˼ĸоϷˣԽԽˣϣСһ쵽Ĳ࣬ԽԽ
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ֱùѱĿɻС
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Խ֮ǰ˵˵ֱסʹͺˣʡҵط鷳
˻ʹȻܵ˹һĴȵʱԽη̶ֶûмСʵҲˣȷʵǱ仯˺ܶ࣬һҲ֮ǰӵܵϢʳˣ˷ǳơ
θ硭Խ಻֪Ϊʲô̲סӣֶӰɣ屧
û˵أϣ迴ֱӷ˸ܵһȥźȲȥˡ
ڵģԽƽʱóǰûûƤϰˣټ࣬˶ûеʵ֮ǰʶˣҲڻûж˼ӵϰߣһЦҲ͹ȥˡ
ʮŵۺȷʵһʢĻǷ·𶼱ɫһϲġ
豧СԱ߹񣬿ԽɵЦֿó촽̲ס͸¶Ц⣬̲סĬĬף
Խ̷֪άݺ˴νΪ˿ƾٵһ£ǸֱӴ˱Ʊ
ֻҪ˽˵ԣ׵ĸһ߷֡
ַ˸۶Ҫֺòã
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ԱҲ֪ˣ˸ʵǾʶԺ׵Ļʵ۵ʵĸˣȻҲûдʹӡ
һ·Ϸǳģһ״Ԫһ˰ۣûʵҵɽׯĻһѡ
һų״Ԫ֮Ű
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