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1 
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ΧһȦ˿֡
ΧмǶĸӣڵϵĸŮѼªɫ԰ף麹乣ѣֻгûнѾҪûбϢ
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˵⻰ĺҽݵүһ޳УŰֽȣŵҡҡǸҽݵүǰ긾ŮһϢģϾȻûһ֮顣
еġִط壬ͬҲɫưԱߡ
һΧŵȺʼ۷׷ף
ǵϵǺιѸϣǵɶˣ
Ӳڱôôܵĺˡ
μأֻĺִĽʽܾȻغιѸ
ִҽһֻˣԸΪСִʴѽ

Χĵغսȭͷ뱧ŵŵĸף۾ȫͨѪ˿غҧ촽˵һƬԼƮһ䡰ִҽġ̲סЦ˼
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ҵձʮ㣬߰˳ߵĴ󺺣Ķ̹ҲһձȻݺϲĹ۲죬бŵǰȻӣѾʼԵһġڳԵˣ

ϲ궼Ҫŷˡ
ۼĶԷȻڳԣϲԼС࣬Ͻһˮ͵˰¹ǰϲҲ֪ʲôθڣǣһձٲȵˮϲҭԼձ̯ǰ
ͺܲˡ
ӹ˺ϲݹˮ˵һл
ôձȷȿˮһһˮ̧ͷƳ˺ϲһ˵
裺
һ͵ҵθںͷҪȳ˴һЩ
֪ԼķͰʣΪ˷ֹŻˣȴ˵ǫ飬ķֹǱȳ˴һЩǴܶܶࡣ
ϲɻǸһѾ
᷹ͰֻĬĬԼûձת˸䣬Զϲվһǽǣʣµļձȫꡣ
ʱɫҲవˣԶһѻӹһ°ڣصңϻҪٸʩһΡ
غܸˣ¶Ҳҵ·ṫӣˣѾʰ˿ͷṫӾͽЪϢլª¡
ҡҡͷ˵ް
ˣṫӻδɣĳһֻռСӻһ㣬ͼڹأ͵ṫȻЩʲôòˣṫһƷ
裺Ҿ͹ˡ
ΪѾʮձˣңԷʱֻ֣¶˱΢һķ
ָһ롣
õ룬רŶƵ̫ؾ룬򻨹ȵӣ඼ôһ룬βոõģ̫ؾĵ룬룬Ѫ
̫ؾ룬ʧһ룬ѱȫ
ҵ֧ӣСѩѡѩѣһӼϡİɣӵı֮أҲ·بŲĺһǡ
ѩѵʱƮĵҲ·ź⣬ɭȻǡ
Ȼʢطͣ˼㣬ҲתϰѧҽѧóľǵѨѨˣԾˡ
ñѴںϷξѨʱһķӣıڽӴԷѨλʱˣĵôԷѨλĵط˿澭ͨ
ʵ򻨵רйٱʣѨǳʣճȵʱ򣬾ʹһ֧ϼʣֻʺˣ֮õ֧ӣϱģ͸յһû»߶Ϲʮʵʣǳ߽ɽˮԳԺȺȡ
ĵʱ򻹿Դ֡
Ϊһϸ򻨹ȵӣȻʮ־ͨɵģڹУʮó٣ʥرաʥĴӣٶһȵùֻ־ڴˣֻ߱齭ɽˮ
ֲǳ裬Ųᱳٵܡ
ôصĴ
ʥ˵飬ʺѧ٣ȵʱ򣬻̾Ϣһ
һأҲûˡ
ҹסҵĿͷڴϣ˫ֽԺһ˫ÿһҹǣ¼İӺƵɳĮתϵУģûκβ
ԼǸࡣ
ʱ˸ʱ
вͬһѼ⵶һͷȻ۾ͬÿһϰһںʱǰ硣
ڶһù緹źձֳͷȥ棬ļ֮ڽԼʳ⡣
Ƶ㣺2
ʱʱ
Ա֮Ҫˡ


5 ҽ
һ˼ҽֽʣֱһֵĽ︽ҽ
ĺҽǰΧô˿֣سﲻҲʶӦûɡ
ʧˣյʱ䣬Ҳû
ʱʱ
裺
Χ۵һȺأ
˵õ뿴õβأ
ô˶ˣ
ף𣿡ʱһλ̴Ĵ̯λǰ·
̧ͷһǸʮĴ壬ҼӦغһλھӣλ崩Ż˵ѣͷϰɫͷһǸ˲׼ؼҡ
ǣ裬Ǹ壬Ҫ𣿡
ֻλѲڽߣ棬СĿ裬˵Լһ㲻Ϊ֪С
˵֮󣬴һ𣿡
裺ܡ
ǸɶôǸйôСȻĸ̥ûԹ⣬ҲܣԼ߽ͣʱҲιٴ໼ߣ顣
һ׼ȷĻشλ弸ҪжӯһҪúøһΡ
裺á
λ쳣ĻָĵӵҪ𣿡
˳ŶԷֿһۣһҭ
ҪĻԸͨһͨѪ
ã˾ллˣ
׼ˡ֮ǰԼǵýһ£ⲢõӴβֻԴý̼ҪѨˣ²õӣľͷЧҲһ
ȻѩѸľͷкܴĲ
ֻСϣҪõѩѵ⹦Ч
վֳֳڶԷļҪѨ£ΨһãܻѪҡöԷѪڰˣҪһ仰ݵĻôǡ˼Ѫһ
λӦƽɹ߿ģ羱ϥǡȶжദټ⽭࣬ʪأﶼ·𱻳صʪϮ񴺺ͣҹʪҲֲöԷ˥
Ĵ壬ҲФԪ󣬵һҴֲ¶֪ĲÿǸسǵģ˵ȼҪߣФŸҽǸʶĴһҽ
Ф룬ҪԼⲡǡһٶ򡱣Ҳϧ
ǵϣӦûۡ
ȻԼκ˵ıܻ۵ģФ忴ǰȻСֳվǰ䲻ľһţڵӽҪ䵽֮ǰ鲻Խı۾
Ѵĺ󱳣ģФ徹Ҳۣһֵĸоһطһڻ¯ϿõëǿƤϣǹƤ裬ԭļǷ·ǳڳʪѪⶼ˲١
Ф̲סЩ뵽Ҳ̫˰ɣ
Ҫøһ㡣
Сٶ㣬û£ФΪһͨƽСգҽѧֻǵľãԽЧԽá
裺
ַȣȻֻǸԷѪôҲ֮С򻨹ȵӣڴѨϣ޳ңǾˣˣҲ֮䡣
뵽ԷĲ֢赹ǰնԷַչˡ
ջصӣֽʣԷдһҩԼҩʹ÷ʽФ壬գ֢״⡭
ллǴҽФǰС̫ǫˣʲôղ⣬ոաһٴ򡱺󣬱ԼͨһëûУ
Ф帶̵Ҫߣȴס
С򣿻ʲô£
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ФظһڴӦˣҿ϶˵ȥ
ͷֲ֢ԷΪˣӦøԸ˵ȥ
Ƶ1
Ƶ㣺3
ʱʱϵͳʱӳ٣ʱֻۣʵʹ˰ʱŻ۵ʾ֡
ʱͻȻƵ㻹ͦ׬ġ
λФŲؼ֮󣬾ͿʼȥϹˣƽ˵̹ÿʱ򣬾ȥæ˻׬Ǯ
Ķ̹ࡣ
ФҲͬ飬һϹɻ
Фļͬ飬׷׾ýФ岻̫ԾФһȺһ￸ĸرҪϢһ£صģȻûô
ǳʲô鵤ҩ
Ф壬ʲôϲ𣿡
Фϲ̵ĵͷԣϲ£
Լͬ鴵һ½ҽֻǱԷõôһ飬¾ͨǱʲô鵤ҩá
ʪȫˡ
ҽһ˵ʱФĻӴסˣ˽ʼСƵĲ֢
ǸɶǸйǲҪֶ飬˵
ʲôФ塣һ׳СФԱʵǸĸߴԴе㷽еľͷƢҲЩľͷȻһκΪʮֺ
׳Сгº񣬳ºһʣһ̲סԼļ羱ǰգΪ˶׬ЩǮһ࿸ЩƺǰԼļ羱ŤˣӣǾüۡ
ûʲô
ФҲĶ뵽ԼǰҲÿᱳʹģģЩ۵ëǿˣȫۡ
Ф̲ס˰ԼҼ磬ǰһȥ۵ĵطͻȻˡ
˵ôоԼɣԭС򲻽æĳ˳ѪͨһЩᱳʹСëҲ˳Ρ
ºФ壬ҽܲټϹˣ̫ˡ
ǵûȥϢϢ죬Ҳ̫ˡФ忴СӣﻹиĸҪȫ׬Ǯάƣʵ۵ܲˣԷ϶᲻ò׬ϹǮ
ФЩģߵ˶ԷߣССƼҸ˵ǺϲǸձ̯ո·ϣиСڰ̯ҪҪȥμ򡣡
ϵᱳʹκõģСҽɸˣõӴѨλβСķβǱκõġ
ºȻԼĶ϶ǻŵģФȫһɨɼģǸһ֮
Լ첻Ϲȥβ
軹·ϰ̯ҽФ֮󣬽Ҳʼ纮ԵĲ٣Ȼʲô󲡣Ҳ濴֢ҩʵķӸβ
һЩƶ˼ңѡøƽ۵ķӡ
衿
Ƶ㣺9
ʱŸʱ
費ͬһطڱģҽϵͳţ׬Ƶ󣬾ͿʼԼ֮·
ºФԣת˼ȦҵФ˵С
С򳤵ÿãһϾīɫĳŵĴں棬ʳִдֵʱ򣬼ֱһ·
ºһʵˣƽﲻ̫˽Ͽʱ򣬶ͬһŵС̲סǺһ
ٸĻ˴򽻵ǲ֪ôںá
˵ԴˣҪһ㣬Ҫɤš
ǣ׳ϸһǸФҹġ
裺


6 ƭ
㱻ԼĿˮǺǰ׳Ȼǰ¶ˡݡģһ߿һ죬˸оһ
һﻹ˵ԼǡФ塱ܹġ
裺
˵õĲҪ⴫ôת۾͸ˣ
̽Եһ䣺ʲô
ºŤŤģͣФһë
´һ˵㲻
ǼôФ˵Сõãܰ˻ͨʲôҩͶʹº̲סԼһ㣬ϵĳһֱһۡ
裺
Ϊʲôһʼͽ˻
ֽİͨ˼ϵĶӺף֪Щɿģƽᱳʹɱ⣬Ǿ͸ָ˼Ѩλû¸ఴ滺ƣ͡
ǣǣллС򣡡
ºԼļˣȻĺܣһ㶼ʹˣҡһٴ򡱺ĵطҲůģ˲ʮ㡣
С뿪ϽܻȥϹˡ
Ф壬æ̾Ф壬Сҽ
Фͷǳͬҽ·
ºȻǸˣϣСһʼһҸ˵
һһģԱ˵ĿҲ˹ЩĹҲΧ˹һԣһʵ
º㲻˵ۣؼϢȥô
ǰ˵ʲô򣿡
СǸõӾ˵ģ
º񣺡ԶԶԣǸõӵСɷÿɺÿˣҽǳߣҼ۵öˣõҼ£ͨˣСرã˼Ѩλ˵ƣ۵ʱ򣬾Ϳ԰һ
ˣ
õβ
̫˰ɣ
ФõӾˣ˼С˵ͨľͷҲһСֻõӴ̼ѨλһĺִĽЧɡ
ʲô˼Сøľͷܱȵ˼ִĽ룿
һȺȫ˵ĺõطִǶԷĽʽ˵ڶҽ쳤ףǳ
СֻһӣͱȵִýЧȺ̹׷׸о̾ޱȡ
ĺִһֻҽˣƽգûǮƣҲطβ
Сһζˣ
Ӧòֹ
˵ʮ
ҲǶʮ
ʵҲеۣҪҪȥΣ

벻ºȥָ֮һߣЩɿĶ̹ٶеͳɼİˣҲۣҲۣܲˡ
ȻСаȴûܡ
Ϊ赹Ҳ߲ܣһһЩ˻Ѫͨ˳дһҩӣЩռϵҩģƳɸҩȵ켡˵ʱ򣬿԰Ѹҩڻʹ
ҩӵƽʹࡱ򻨵Ĵɵģ߽ʱ·嶾˳һЩҩ÷
һЩЧҩϣ嶾ǵĶ֮
衿
Ƶ㣺29
ʱʮŸʱ
跢֣Щ̹βƵĺܿ죬ţҪҪһЩҩţȥһطֱҩˡ
ȵȡ
ԽԽרΡɶɶƤҩĽƭУ
裺
ѡ񲻡
Ⱥ̹ǻȥڽַоæһСҽ߳²˶˵ˣֿиβõӸβ˵ҽĺҽݵִҪ
ЩĺطĶطȾ˵һ£쵱ҽİ´Ǻݣκ˹ٸ̽һȫû˵طҽ˽⣬СӦҲʲôҽ֮󣬹ưֻǸûСɫ
طԼĺ룺ǸûСɫͺá
ĺƹүͳЦ˿浨СĲǸаɽҰƫСඣ㻹ˣβɱЦ֪εЩʲôǸЩĵҽۣȺĵ˰ҽˡ
طһۣû˵
ҽСүǸ桰ҷҽ㲻ҲûаۼطȻϲҲǸɫˣǵײǣɿ˰˴Ѩַ֮ʲôҽ
˷飬ԷȷǸСӶԷָεöЩطϵıСִĲɴû˵ա
طĵ˵ҿۡ
Ҳ죬ĵ־κϣǡײˡ
һƭӣҲװŪ
طһһƭӣϲװҽҾװȥ
طȥǶ没Ļߣ˵ǳ˸ҽҽҽΰٲκϵĲ֢
Щ֢״ǧٹ֣ط壬֪ԼҽβϵĲŪأһֻҽˣʵҽҽ˭Ȼѡġ
Ǯƣܱ֤κõģҽ
ûǮûƣ֢״ϡŹֵģԲҽû
ط壬һͷɲŪ
ģһȺ֢Χ޴֣޲ߵʱ򣬿ɲȹϵϣ
һҽˣڽַܿɨصģ
Ҵʲôҽ񰡡
СȥغļңһžͽеС򣬲ˣĺҪ鷳ˣ
غʣô£
һȺ֢ȥСĳӣлбƢأЩ̫ˣ˵ΰٲҽ·õӾǱ֤˵СһκǵĲ
غļ٣æȥ裬ҪҪ̯һܡ
غΪҽߣ֪򲢲ܰΰٲǵҽҲҽβõĲ֢
طһȺɲΪ²̨
ñܣҾ⣬ǳﵽʲô没֢ǰɣɫѩѣһûһĸɫĵ룬ı޲ﻹе͸ˡ
֪Լ⸻գز˲ҽҪͷ
ԼƵء
ҽ˾ҽڡҽ֮ǰҽһҽɣ
ºˣԼߺȣִȻһ没֢
л
Ϊ򻨹ȵĵӣ塰֢ĴʦԪŽ͡˲ҽĳƺţƺŵ˼ǣͨСΣΨ֢ŻҽΡ


7 Ѧ
ϵ˲ãط͹ĵһ֢ߡ
˵һƢ𱬵Ĵ㣬һɱŮͬҲǸŮɱģŮ֮ԭ⿴ϷĲΧߣ׷ױӿˡ
Ԭλİ´
ԬȻǸŮ򣬵Ĳ֣£⿴ıӰĻǳƯֻİȫݺύİ̺ۡ
Ԭʱ򣬼һ𣬰İջˣΪˣճ⣬ʱûãӹҽ˲βİ̺ۣ߲һ˰̣ͬ齻ǳˡ
һ㡣
·ߵСӼŵúü˯ž
ԬǰĴǰ¶Լ˵İԬȵķ֣Ĵ򣬾ȻûбųȣǾ˵ˣСô
㲻ôԬȻǸŮӣҲǸһѪɷ֮ټϵ˰ֱ̽ͬ
вɻɵŵõ˿ӡ
ƽĿһۣûʲôµġ
ԬǸɱһɱѪɷ֮Ȼɱٶ࣬ҲɱĻ
Ϊҽߣɱ˽һ֮䣬Сأֵµĵ׷١
˵˵Ĳ֢
ϣ˹ĵطȼյʹУ˺üȫβһշ֮ʹ
Էϵİ̺ۣԷ˰̾ȫ˿쳣
Сκ𣿡
ͷܡ
Ԭ𾪵۾ôҽûд˵κϵĲ
ϵİ̺ۣûκ״˵ԷϵʹӦʱһʹһֱļУڻһշ֮ʹ
֪ԷҪֻһʹʧο
ҪôΣ
λ𣿡
¡
Ǿͺá
һ취ƳһЩиʴõĲҩЩҩһһԬ˰ϣҩʱз֮ʹ
ĵӦǱ˸һʹ
ԸǹȥӰ
Ԭ۵սȭͷҧرղָװĻƣٿǰ¿ĴһĶŲӣͻȻ;öԷԼӿ¡
оϵʹʧ𣿡һ£ҩӦҲҪʼˡ
ԬӦһ۾Ѿ۳Ứ촽ҲҧѪգͬʱҲĸоϵʹʧȵϵľʹƽϢʧʱŷ֣ʹʧ壬жôƽʡ
ϵʹٷˣѾҽˡСԷϵĲҩ˳ٰλһϵ˰̣Է֮ǰİ̺ۣݺύģ̫ѿˣҩʴ˴󲿷˰̣ԷѾɰ̺֮Է³Ƥ⣬ӦûһƤ
³Ƥ⣬ǻƤ٣Ǿûǰɲ
Էɴϣϵİ̺ۻ³ǰβһƽ˰̣ӣĪҪˮҲҪˣһ㿪ҩ㰴ⷽӵİ취Ƴҩ࣬˳ԺÿҩһΣȥϵ˰̻ȻָܻӣҲ̫ࡣ
С򣡡ԬŵԼһõĸŮ˲أ˵İ̺ۣһӹڻȴʹ
ûָ˳ɣֻҪָܻɾͺˡԬЩɲİ̺ʮ꣬˵ֻ絶Ҹİ̺۱ƽѾ㹻ϲð̺ʧ
˵һλ֢ߣκط֢ߣһӣҽڸɢˡ
˶Ͼи߳ҽҽҪؽ
ֻ˵Լձ㽫뿪Ǹҽһطͣ
ط֪ԷȻһκŹ没ûԼˣԷᣬҽʵҹ¡
Һط֪ǸҽϾҪӸ뿪ǲŸԷ鷳ˡ
ֻҪĵطҰ̫ãط廹̵ġ
ûҪȥԷײѪ
طڸҵҵӪ꣬ӹޱȣɲԼǵһ򡱵ͷϻҳ
֮󣬸õĴ򣬻˶Źβ
طŬԼظƽϢԼļ֮ԺģԺҵļ츳ߵСʦܡ
СʦǣиԶģͬ۸ڶƫƫһѧҽĺ츳ɰط張ʻˡ
Ҳ֪Զϣҽ˭˭ͣ
ſڡ
ʱһӴӳſ·ͷһǰޱȣõĶǾ»ޣɫգ˳Ǻ󣬸ϳϳһ£ĳٱۡ
ʮɵĳ˸ǵһԺ
һ˫ĹӸƿ˴һѣ԰ɫΪףΨ½⴦ǵɫģžµɫĺҶӵһ국ɫƵǣɫһīɫīɶò˼顣
üһźɫɰԭiɫӸ׿ˣͷ·׻ʦеһˮʢ
ʱһСҲ׷Сܴɫ磬Լҹϣӣ󡣡
Ѧ˵ͷָź˰ϵҩĸж⼸ҩĿҪСģ򲻿ɻһ𡣡
ѦٰǼðõ˫СӣѦٰҽһҽݴϰֻ꣬ѦĸֽȥֻʣԼһѳ޵Ľ㡣
Ǽҵҽ汲ʱȻȴѦ鸸ʱѾǰټѦʱһҽݣѦϡҽҩżջˣѦҵҽҲʼϴ
ѦĸѦɢϲ֣ƫζ䣬ӲҽѦүү󲻾ãźڿѧһҪ¹⸴ѦҽݵҫκһѦҽȻ޴棬Ѧգ֮ǰŮһҪغ汲ҽݡ
Ѧ尲ǸѧҽţСѧҽһѼҽݳȴʮʱ򣬶ɽҩϿ꣬ʧɽ¶
ѦĸϣԳ󣬱Ѧҽݹˣ۶ѦȴӲҪ̳и־Ѽҽݳ
ܸӰ죬ѦʱϲҽϲββʱҲϲһԹۿκ׸Ѧ尲ѧҽ츳׿̳еѦ汲츳Ѧ飬̳׵츳
Ҳûѧҽ츳


8 
ѦҽҽȻҽûˣ汲˲ҩϾӪĺܺãҩһϺõҩġ
ѦһδٰһҩģͬҲչһЩҽҪҩģΪɢġ
Ǳһ˰ɣ
ϸϸӣӦǿ˵ģӣǿһٻȥ
ѦȻ
ӣҸո˵ĺִһ¡
ҲѦĺطɵˣԼҽͽܣ͸ʲôһֻҽ˵ͷǵԱȺŵĴҲѧ
ѦҽиҲأ˵ԼһֻʮˣѦǺؽҽҽģҽãƢȴܴ󣬻ϲء
Ѧһ֮¾Ͱ˸ˡ
ǿЩˡѦֻԼҽܣ֧ܶҽݣСܴȥûҽù
СܴȥԼҹ﷭˷ʣӣıûѽôǵЩ鹫Ӷһ顣ü顣
Ѧ飺
һҰɡѦ룬νٱԼһ鿴࿴飬ӦþܶˡСܴ㲻ҽҪܶУ㹫ÿοҽ飬µ⡣
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ˣĺйصģȫҲġ
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ĸ֦ĩӳ磬·һԺž趢ŶԷҲԽԽ


9 
վѦоһĨ޷ӵߡ
ѰߵˣվűµһλԷúʣѩ׵ѣ˳ȾīĳԺһ֧ѣĽǶȿȥԷϷ·ֻкڰ׶ɫֽͬȾīһ
ԭӦһšؾĻ
ֻԷϵ۾׵׵ĻˣǸ˶ϲȵţѦĵһɷУ߽ЩԷƺһ顣
һ¿ôƽʵĶ㿴
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ֶ֮󣬾ȻͶ
Ѧɫˣ弫Ȳʣݺݵһۺתȥ߻Ŷ档
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ѦոһĻˣûʲôÿģ۾Сܴҽô
ѾˣڳİָԶиձĺϲ
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ѦҵʯűߣһΣ£ÿվһλŵİӣԷһɫ塣
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10 СԸ
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һʱ֮䣬Ѧɫְףһ˫ƯķＸҪݺݵĵϵˣϵĲӼӿ죬ֱ϶ȥ
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ʱ赹ˣ۸˲ƣʧҪǷ嶪ʧˣһᾡѰҡ
ҲѹѰʧֻҪĵȴѰ˱ɡ
廹ң
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ѦҡҡͷʶܾҲеġܵܵĲȥҽҴҽΰɡ
Ȼһβ˵ģѦҲ֪ԼĽ׸βĹƨҽβẦ˵ġ
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һѦ鲻סҡͷ
վѦСܴһֹı顣
СܴǶԿధĽܣ̾һλధҹӣȻΪҹӸܵβҹӵԩͷҩǮܵβ
ҹլʺԩͷҲܵģֻŮƫƤ˵ǹĶҹӸܵǿҹҽ֮߳ġ
СӸһŽʱﻹô࣬ʱŻŵĵŬǰĲ֢Ƿϼʲôţα֤


11 
ӣ㣬Ⱦҵܵܰɣ
Ů˵İˡ
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ӣһܾҵܵܣ

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СЦһ£лл粻ãûؼȥɣĲôˣ
Ѿöˣµˣ˵Ҫúøлء
ѦվһԣͻȻʶĴƺԵܺðҲ̰ˣ˼Ұ͵ļҲҪʵ˶Է֮ǰͼᣬ͵⣬Ҳûʲô顭
᲻ʲôأ
磬ʱС˵ˣץǮ͵ˣǸ㣬˴ϸµĹǮҪˡ
Ѧ飺
ץ
ѦǺˣЩԼϵСɰԼ֮ǰףһԷ¹ޣɶԷ͵Լ塭յԽԽ
͵ǳᣬ˵ϵ£Ҳ˶Է


12 
衿
Ƶ㣺15
ʱʮʱ
迴һɫϦ䣬ɫҲˣҲͲβԤλ˼ңҼҿջϢסޡ
غĸ׵ĲѾãҲͲٻҡ
͵վҪ뿪ʱһϴƵ˫ǰüƳһ֮ǰָһС˫
Է˸ֱ۾ֻ޲ðͷѰԼĽż⡣
ѦһϷ·аѻգòײŹڣǸű߿ʲô鰡
ȻԷΪʲôͻȻ⣬ʵش˶Էһҽ顣
𻰵ʱ˳ֻǱҽ˳ʾԼԷ顣
ѦһԷĻشٿǱҽ飬֪ԼȻȫ˼ˡ
ԼЩʲô߾ҪطȥʵʵĳԵǸ򣬶ԲҽˣԲѷҵǸ
ϣԭҵĹʧңҽԶ¥һϯΪòãɡǧҪݹ١Ѧҧҧ촽ռˣ˼ָԼҽȴǰ˸ˡ
ϵԷʵĻĥһ¶ԷΪ֪ǰʲô
ҽĵǸϯͲˣԭҲʧǰνﲻģ²ڣҲԼʧĶŵǰ˫ˡ
ҪҪģһ壬һҪлģУٰһҽݵСӣСҲϰҽҽôߣָָҽ
ΪԼڳ˵θڣ貢ϲһԷԼһˣֻܳͨͷձҲˬġ
ĲãҪˡ
Ѧ鼱ˣܵǰţڴʱıᣬͻȻŵһɾ㣬գգ۾Ͼ͵򣬸һѩԶģȻƼҶһѩȻζѵҪԶ¥һѩ¼ǾƼҵһѩֻŵ
ˣô֪Һȵǳ¼ǾƼҵһѩ
ѦƤһЦųġ
ҲǸ֮˰ɣһȥԶ¥ƷһƷ⸻ζһѩԶ¥ƣҲϺõĲȣǰ˱Ѽ㶹ӣ㼦顢Ѧһ˼ʮ
ѦһȺʳϲƵ׵СĿȾǽϸص˼䣬˴ʳֱ˵ʮʮҹҲ˵ꡣ
ͰᡱԭͶˣڱԷ߶һѲϼӶ񾭲飬ͱȰԶ¥
Ѧͽ˹ԤһʢĲȣڶ¥λãƣʳܹĽͣһɫĵ̨ϻи赸֡
ĸ費ȤֻϵĶʮĵ˸ȤԱߵ̳һѩ
Ѧע⣬ͰѴˣϵĲȣϵÿһˣܸܽһ˵ͱ£ܰ⿷ʽѦ黹׵˵ÿһ˵õĵϺʳġ
ѦСѦ飬меζܹ׾ٵķֱζ
֮⣬ѦСӻһ츳ǾƷһˣʳʦϣֳָ
ֻЩ츳ѦС˵ûʲôôһ˼ҵСүֲҪÿˣѦ־ѧҽһҽݣԳղôġ
ܰѷֱζɷֱٲѦСӿ϶һٸһǧԸ⡣
ȳܽؼ˿⼦˿õĸԪɽϵȼɵģɫѩζȳãˣԶ¥ļ˿ΪۣҲǺÿ㿴⼦˿ɫӨ󡭡
һܽؼ˿ѩļ˿ڼζѣ⼦˿û˿֮Уֻһӵڴ仯
ٳϵС⡭ըӡ
ƣкòˣԵôãǳ⣬ҲûиԼֱӳ˶ƤԡѦһһѩ֮˫ƮһĨ죬˵Լʤټơ
ѦǸС˫ǸСɽ亣ζԹ˵С˫ڸ֮˼ڱգһԸϵÿһˣĹ۲ǰ
һʿԷ̬УȻǽϰ߼õӡ
ѦﰵԼ޴Ȼǰôһλʲ׵ҽɵͽӺ͵
Ѧ鰡Ѧ飬Ϲ
ԭѦ˶ʮĵˣԵһʱѦóĵˣѦԼ⣬վŵСܴ̲סҹӵĶĵӣ㲻Ե̫ô
ʮ˵ˣֻһֻѼӡһֻ컹һֻ룬Ĺ߲ȡ
ʮʮҹҲԲķ
Ѧ顰סһСʵô
Ѧ֪ԼķСԲԼķȥ˵ķˣѦСܳԣˣԵö࣬Ҳ顣
˸⣬ѦûͬԷټ׵ϲʳڸ֮أһٽʮҲƽܳһ㣬ӦҲİɣϾСʱ򻹱߶ʱܳԡ
׳꣬ȻöԵ
ңѦСССܴ˵ҽ߳ԵӦġ
Щҽ»ɬѶѦСӿ鶼ᣬҽһǼ˺ķѧҽ
ȻҪһ
ʱϵв̣ѾϯĿտյһٳԵ㣬Թһ͡
ЩԱߵѦ飬㲻ҳ̫𣿡
Ѧһ£ʶشҽߣȻöԵ㡣
ݸС˫߼ˣҽߵˣ׼ô
Ժ˰ɣҽ𣿡
ͷνֶ̣ʱãȻԸΪǰ˴ɽ󣬡ʲô֮
Ϊ򻨹ȵĵӣǰУ滹СʦܺСʦãʦʦǴҽɽ󣬶˵ʲô¡
Ȼʱ軹֪Լ˶һӡ
Ѧʱ˵۾һɸ˿˷ˣʲô֮Ĳ֮ɶأ˵ʮʮҹ˵ꡣ
ṫӣмҽ飬ܸҽ𣿡
費룬΢ЦӦ
ѦͬȻһЦСܴԼҽùݸڶ衣
ʴϻۣйĿ֮ܣǼҽ㷭˷ҽȻģ£Ѧ飺ҽ


13 
ȻѦشҴͷβһɡҲ֪򲻻пУͷβĴɽ
Ѧеһ飬ӡеһҳָһλ裺ɷܸҽһ䡣
ɨһۣҲһǳԵҽΪԷȴȤ赹ҲûĵĽ仰һλݣҲ˵Ѧ
𣿡룬Ǹŵ򻨵ӣҲĵĽҽҲ黹ϸϸĸѦ˵˸ȫ
Ѧ飺ƺЩˡٸ½һΪʲô飿
һ飬ͻȻһɲԤУͶԷʳ仰оԼ֮ǰ˵һλȫûκЧ
ƺЩ=ɶû
ӶԷ˳ǶҽӵһԣٸѦҽ飬˶Էѧҩȷ⣬ѦĿİĻشˣĥһ¶ԷĻش𣬴ǰˮƽ
ˮƽûˮƽ
˵ǿҽݵģƽոβ𣿡
ѦЩ̹ϵûûι
ĵûιͺá
ӹҽˡ
ҿԵҽ飬ҲٿˣⱾ˺ɣȰⱾɺãټҽ飬ͻӣ֮ûʦָ㣬װԼˡ
Ѧɵĵ˵ͷ
һЦ֪ԼøԷʲôˣѸŵѧݣϸϸĽǰѦ
ѦƵƵͷ۾ＤỨһЩˣ
һ֮ȴ̾ǳԵݣԷҲСԴûʲôѧ˼άҪ򻨹ȵĵӡȵȣˮƽҲҩ¡
һϣȫµ˶ܶҽѧҽԪʦ֣ҲȰǰˡ
ѧҽҪԣѦС̫ˡ
Ե͵˷ָ
Էһʱֻ뿪ȰԷҪѧҽˣȻڿѦ˫ֲ֪̿ڡ
֪Բ㣬ҲûԼ̫ߣҲΪʲôҽܰεСͿˡ
ͷöԷ֪֮ã㰡Ŭѧ꣬εСǿԵġ
Ѧôһ˵Ҳûб𣬵ʮָˣţεСҲãǸͨķ纮СҲβ˰
⻰öԷϵģҽϵͳ۴СȫһͬʣͨѰСҲβˡ
дҽҡ϶Ƽȥҽҽ
뿪֮ǰһ䣺ѦСӣûʮգ㻹ǲҪβĺá
ҡ֪ġ
ɫҲˣѦСҲȥϢɡ
ѦҪߣвᣬǵһһϸģҽˣǰҲйʦҽȫ̫ͣľɵ񣬱ʷˣԼȥҽ顣ĸ׺͸磬Ҳѧҽ£ȫԼҵС۶ںֻ֣Ƿ
ṫӣ컹Ǹ˿𣿡
ͷٿһ죬Ҫ뿪ǡ
ǸңԸȥ𣿡
费Ա㡣
Ѧ鿴ԷıӰ̲סǸһˣȥǵһɣȻȹһѩǿһܴһգɷһȥͻ
ͣ˽Ųعͷ˶ԷһۣѦͷԼĽż⣬ͻʱٸҽҽ͸ˡ
裺
ǰˣƽΨһѧҽϲ
ˣҲͺס
ѧ㶫ɸ˵ӹҽ
˵ͷǴӦ˶Է󣬡Ǳ˺ȥ
Ѧͷϲˣһ˫ˮķ·ǳĲıӰҰʧ˻ǿĵĲˡ
رԺʱǱ˺϶ϲǳ̫СϴСܴҹҽáȻһž
Сܴ͵Цӣ֮ǰ˵ʮء
ѽǶᣬᡣѦʾͰԼ֮ǰ˵Ļȫˡ
ϣʲôƵģԼСɰóһ֮ǰǽдҩϸѩ׵ָīɫĦѦʱط֣򲻽ҽߣһдһֺ֡
壬پзǣƯ̾ѦҲֻ֣Ѿﵽղصˮƽ
дĲʲôҩʫʲôġƱ˻Ϊǳʲô֮ء
Ѧ͹ְ֮еҩС۵СɰЯš
ڶһ磬Ѧ²𴲣Сܴٵױ˸ֱȥİ֣Ѧȥ̫ˣʱڼأҶϵѦۼ⣬һСƳ裬ϽСܴҲܵȥ
һͬС⽡
簡Ѧ˷ܵĴкǰ˺ֹסĿģһ˫۾ЦС
һģһԡ顱Сܴġȥ̲ͣסľͷۣҹѦľɵı֣Ǿͷ󣬶ԷҪѧҽ
棬ͷ۵ˡ
ǰѦСӣ֮һ
ֽ⽣Ȼ֮ǰѾձǾԼٶԵ㣬ȻûӦǸѦġ
ѦͷС⽣ͻȻͷһͼһֻɫӥǵϡ
ףǣ
ӥСԡ
Ѧоһ棬ȻӥֻӥһҲǻѩ׵ѣֻӥʮ㣬۾綹ӻף˾صģǶԷȻһҩƺǷ磿
ϴȻǸոմ-ġ
Ѧ۾ţӥȻҩ
裺
ˣڳ˳һͷ۵⣬һֻͷ۵ӥ
Զ¥뿪ֻ֮ҩӥͲҪԣû취ֻסĿջҳ廨⣬ȫӥˡ
ء
廨֮󣬽ϵĻرǸһ磿
νġҩӥ
ֻϵͳܲܰʮƵ˸
ӥС԰ķ³֮ΪǸҩĴ󹦳ϽҪԣһӣһ£ʾļֵһⶼ򲻵ҪԣԼȥ沶
ԼĻʮιӥ
ȥɣ


14 ͻ
Ѧһνӥһһֻܰ˲ҩİӥϡ棬̲סСԵİȴֻ׵İӥû˲ķ
ӥ
ѦЩݼڵĸӥıǶӥǲҪι԰
ѦСܴȥЩɻιСԳԣСͷҩӥҲǸ̾ģǱߵѦιԣϵҲҪˣǸ磬ڵ͸Ѧ顣
ѦЦŽӹǸ磬̲ס佱СȻܲҩҩ͸һ
СҲѦ˵ʲôس⡣
ڳ⽵̧Ƴͷ۵һһӥһԲƲС⽡
ѦɣιСţɣСһ΢еһ㣬ʵʵˮȣȼˮſ򶶼£Ӣ䣬ӥϹˮ飬չ¾ӨҫۣͬҲľս±һһ¡
СܴĵѦĶ䣬̲סʵӣ㲻ֻСӥ̫𣿡
Ѧգգ۾ɻ󣬡ô
ӥԶҲġ
СÿաҩݡӲ֮Ѿҩӥʹವһ·죬չ˫᰿գҲ֪ҪҰȥˡ
ʱҲ⽣ֳһѦ飬ȥİϸ
ڸ˿βʱ򣬻˳Ѧ齲һЩҽ˵һЩԷǼ򵥵ķ纮СѦȥϣӿӡ
ѧҽͲǴѧģǧҲֻʵĲϸܵ
ѧٶȴҲǰѧ
Ѧֽʣһʦ̵ѧһԱ֧ͷ˼ڤһմīдһҩд֮󣬻Ŀһ飬ٽ衣
ȻӱȽϴֲڣҲûʲôɨһ۵
Ѧôһ˵󣬿ĵҪȻĸ״Сסˡ
һθҩ
ǰѦ鶼̫ҵģҺҸҲҺҿҩԼϴˣ˲˿ɾͲˡҶһλҽԱߣˣҲܱʱָѦͨͨļ٣˶˷
˫˷ܵ۾ҲԾĹһ˿Ц⣬˶Է죬ȻͽܴǴ˵㣬ٻѧһ㶫
ʻѦ鷽ϵζҩٸ˸ζҩķѦ³һ飬ѷӸ
Ѧ鿴Էҩ۾һɵҩȥ³һ飬ҩˡ
̲סĵĺߺ˼޲Ժܸ棬һѧͽСࡣ
衿
Ƶ㣺58
ʱʮ˸ʱ
εٶȺܿ죬ټ춼Щ纮СмŤˣΣСʮˣҲԼ뿪ȻҽݶҪ鷳ˡ
ΪҩãЧ죬ͨСҲʼȺѰβҽݵ⣬һ춼̫
ˡ
ѾѦ鲻˼̧ͷãţ
躬Ц㲻˵Ҫȥһô
ŶŶѦæͷѾСܴȥɡ
ϸղ˵ѦһΣִд˲ٵҽѦԺο
Ѧ˫°ͣĿתĿִдҽСԷҲ÷ŶִдīַǳȽѦĿŶԷ˫ʹһۣͻȻԷոպЦԼʱͻȻ;ƺ
ЩȻת壬ƿ⣬ĺ紵ϣžǹɱȽȥ
յĳǰѦٶȿҪЩĺá
ϧǣǽһֲԶѾˣͣ
ʱдһֽ֣дֵֽѹú󣬸±ʣƿߵһ
ʱĴãȻûʲô⣬һüһȥ۶ķɫ֦ͷ˷ۺɫѩĴУһӭŷţ紵ʱ˷׷ɵһ꣬ɾ
뵽Ȼǲɴ
ѦʱҲͳȣǽҪ࣬ɽϵķ磬һ£ĻŨصˮϣо䣬ģī·ҲմȾˮøŨڳء
СܴһصĺɫԼҹΧϣ棬һȦѩ׵ëѦĲʵʵ
ԼΧ֮ѦæСܵ
عͷһ˿ޣһͻȻ֣ǰѵһСҲһɶõˡ
һò޵ꡣ
Է£Ȼ޶ۣѧҽҲһʦذ
ᡭ䲻䰡Ѧ££ԼĶ̲סĹе
ǰ裬ɴһ£һѣȻӵԼȣʵԵõ˺ܶ࣬ѦһôվߣͻȻ֣ԷԼһͷ
ҡҡͷҲ䡣
Ѧ鲻ţ̲סǰһӶԼ֣סǰ֣ͻȻһɹ̵¶ȴӶϴѦˣЩ˼ɿԷ֡
ʶԷֱԼֻҪůͣӦǲġ
ѦﰵԼţɣתƻ򡭡컹ȥ𣿡
ᡣ
Ѧסˣ
뿪
Ѧʵû뵽Լһ𰸣ΪʲôҪȥģ
ȥģ֪ұһҽȥľȥġ
ѦҧҧҪҪȥҽ￴Ҽҽݺòãٰ븻Զģٰķ羰ãкܶʳơ
ֱӾܾҲҽ￴
Ѧ鼱Ϊʲô
ûΪʲôҵ֮Ը£ɽˮ
⻰˵ѦĶϣȴһʯͷĿڣЩãȻ޴ƫͷԱߵķ羰
վһƬ糺һӢͷף֦֦ҶҶϵһȻǺĳѦʱȴ͡
ץסץס
죬ˣ
峤㣡
ԶͻȻһ׷һ߰кһȺ׷ţЩЩųͷЩŴ򲹶·ȻǸĴ񣬾ǲ֪Ϊʲô׷ǰк
кŲ·ܣͻȻһʯͷˤ˵ϣֺͽŶˤˣԴҲڵϣƤ
Ѧ黥һۣһߵǸкߣѦǸˤ˵кƣȴ˺׷кĴ󺰵ݷ硣


15 
ݷ磬Ҳ粡
粡һֺܿµļƤ֣ʹ˻ݲмʱ𽥷չأݸ׷ѣȵȵ֢״ձ˲ˣġ
粡ܴȾ
ѦǴ֮Ҳһݷǽϼһ֢֮˱κá
ȴڴʱߵǸк߶£кݹȻ죬Ǹ߰Скȴһ˾Ƶˣ׵һ͹⡣
ϣҲһЩֵİ߿飬κݣ¶һ˫ҲݵˣͷһЩήб
׷ĴʱҲΧˣ죬ׯȥ
޶ⲡͱҳˡ
ǶԷɣһģСȥСı粡
ſڵϵк޶ȴʱĴеҲȥҲŲȥ
죬ȥ
üͷǸͷˣʲô顣
ǸˣҲǳңĴ峤ǽ˵кǴһݷ֢ˣݷ粡βõģǰⲡ˭ˣҪģڵãϽ˸ׯӣЩݷ粡˶ׯסţǣҲǳˡ
Щׯݷ粡ˣҲׯǵˣǸĴżЩʳǣ֤Ƕ
һȥׯ
ׯޣʮȾ粡ˣЩϵ粡иĲͬеĻʹÿ캰أЩãѾ߲·ˣſڵһׯΨһһģǸ۾ղ£ŮˣޣͰѶԷڻϣҵޣɱȥˡ
ȴڴʱĴҲҪҲҪҲҪɹҲҪɷӣҪҵҪ
Ǹձ͵ׯģŷã֪޵ݷ粡̸ϽͰ͵ׯӣôȾŮ
һ߰СкͻȻͽôׯȳȵģ۵ģι״Ļ߶Уޱŵ˯žԼĳһ죬Ҳһ׳ɹ˫ȱøãҲˣ۾Ҳղϡ
ʲô˵ǴҪβ峤شţɴԼ۾ýаŵ¡
ݷ粡ǸصĴĸ˵ˣҲ˹һĶţ˭ҸȺ˲βһԼҲȾˣȫãҲɸצӣһӶ˰
СֵܣɲҪ룬ⲡβõģԼҲȥ㿴ҷɳöƯһȥɣǱߵһøɾһ
ϵӣҡͷϵĲ
峤شţȰ죬ڤ粻Ҫׯβҡͷ̾ϢһҲͲȰˣȥɣȥɣɱԼˣƯСɾҪ޸˿
ûлضԷĻֱׯߣѦ棬Ҳߣͣ˽Ųعͷʲô
Ѧһ£ɵɵĻصҸһβ
ʱҲЩˣ֪ݷ𣿡
֪
£
˵Σ㰡Ҹ߿βòãٶһЩҽǾٺòˡ
裺
룬СΪѧҽ尡
Ȼѧҽ츳ôȴһҽ֮ġ
̲סҪͲԼҲȾݷⲡȻȴ˻ݣʱҲб²£
Ѧ鱻˵Щ£̲ס££ԼĶ񣬵ǹĸڶԷ棬һȻȴɲǰСȡ
ɪɪСȣֲߵģʵ̿ӣʱСһȦһҩֱ֮ϡ
ҩӥСֲ֪һ磬ʵ
ӹ磬ѦԹԵİͲȾݷ硣
Ѧ龪ȵΪʲô
û˵绹Ч
۾Ц⣬Ϊ硯
ѦʶˣԷڹⶺ
ŷ磨裩أҲá
Űɣ׳׳磬Ĭ䣬粻ˡ
趺֮󣬱ȥ̽һׯʮ߸ݷ粡˵Ĵ֢״Ȼݷ粡˵ĸ֢Ҳ֣Ȼִ˵ֻ֣粡İϤֶÿУڴƵʱҲϰ粡ˣ˵ΣȻԡ
ʦ˼㣬Ͷ粡оѾһ֮ЧƷ
ׯĶʮߵĲ߸ΪҲƣκˣҲ²ȵĻβмΪⲡ֢ѾкǵʮȻҲѾʼвȱǵȽ㣬лָĿԣ߸֢״ԽᣬֻͣƤĶ`ήֲĻڻûȫʧ
ղ£۾ŮˣҲŻޣۿȥ˼鲡״һȳһյĿ裬̲סʣκ𣿡
عͷ˵ͷģκõģȺ۾õġ
˵ת˶Էޣׯ޵֢״ᣬֻǷĳڣҲֲڿׯ˵Ĳ״֮󣬷һܣΪЩܾԼδ
ҲҺã粡ĲֻҪڲ֢ͲκλΡ
ׯġ
۲ׯ˵֢״֮Ҳ˴ҪһЩʲôҩģǱȥ׼Ѧ˵ҪȥҩϽʣҪʲôҩģȥ򰡣Ҫ
ЦˣﻹһҽݵСүҩĴ󻧡
дŷӣȥҩɺã
Ѧͷš
дһЩҪҩģŪɰۻƹׯһ飬˳һ䷿ӣ⼸סׯЩβ
ׯʱ򣬾ͽĺܴסʮ˶´࣬ұһŻмշ䣬ȻȫǻҳҲûʲôҾߣҲڷ꣬Ϣ
Ѧ˵ҪסҲҪͬҲҪһæĥҩҩࡣ
Сܴһҹӽȫݷ粡˵ׯҲˣڻҪסŵû궼ҪˣӣɲסһСıݷ粡ô죿
ѦعͷؿһۣʲôҹҶ£ⲡҡСܴҪǺµĻԲġ
Сܴҡͷļᶨӣ⣬СܴҲҪ⡣
СܴҪǺµĻϻһŶϾͲˡ
ӣɷ簡
˵ܾܡ
ӣɲѧҽѧͿˡ


16 һ֦
ңĴ峤شţؼ֮¶ϽΧˣͬʱдǣͳͳΧ̽Ϣʵ
޶ץûУ
ϣ
ׯÿ춼ҪиȥŲС
峤شţͷץˣǱġ
ǾͺãǾͺá
ɱȥˡ
شţҲϸˣһ´Ҳȥׯ˵Ҫׯβ
绹Σ
βõģβõġ
εúβãǶׯԶ㣬ϸҲȾ硣
Ѧ˰ҩ֮һһҪõҩ󣬿ʼɢ粡ãڷõİκɢԼηȵȣõĴ׸ʹڸ࣬ݲƤͬĽںͰ߿״ϲͬҩࡣ
˻𣬿ʼȰõĸס
ҩڻţ˷һʹѵĻߣԷʩֹʹ
۾ղ£ŮԱ߹ۿ޶ʱҲҪˣǰ˵ܸβСòʱ̣޵һŶԷϵĲסˡ
ׯˣò̫õģͷϣҲдǵĲͽһˡ
ޱֱۣɴ۾ȥǰڵϵǸˣǸ˶С˵ׯµˣΪԷׯ棬췢һİҹѵʱҹİ˱
ϵĽ˼룬ԷһЩѪڶԷ󡢽׵ȼѨλһö롣
ģ˵İԽԽֱʧ۾;ޱȣŴʱûʹеʱѾʹĥ̫á
̣㿴ˡǷʲôһ֣˷ܵ˵
Цһ£޵ͷǰˡ
ΪԼҹһҪסׯСֻܴôѦԺˣׯһɾķ䣬ÿﶼϸϸĴɨһ󣬲ſʼ÷䡣ǼҵСӣһĺӣȻѦҽûˣȻϣҲǹӵĸףᾭӪٰҵв԰ׯׯ֮ģء
ˣܿʹһµС˿ɴᣣ˼㱻죬ϲŵٰ֪ССƵˮɫ
ͷ˸С¯Сܴѹӹ߳õѬӽȥѬѬӣѬѬ
Ѧ磬æСι֮󣬱ȥ￴һۣĵ˵ͷⴲⱻӣϲġ
ת˷䣬ʲôƵģȥ˸˵Ҫ˯ĵط˵ҲúˣѦƿţȴտյģҳû꣬мľӺ͸⣬ҲûĶ
ѦͣǸľϡ
ƺֻǼľɵģ˯
̹ǣҹûбɲҪˡ
˼ˣѦϽСܻԼķ䣬ƿɫɴᣣż㱻һתڷܣСܴſյĴæԼҹһܡ
ӣҪʲôأ
ѦҲܸںСֱܴӱŻļ㱻ӽķ䣬ĶõֱӾľ̺ˡ
̺˺Ѧľϣһ£оůͺ󣬲Ĵӡϡվ
ŽСܴһĻּ̿ˣӣķ䣬ѲҲ˯
˵ʲôأҵȻ˯ҵĴҾǿ̫Ҫׯβҹǲůͣô죿
һͺˡ
ѦʮνĻشһ£ⷿյ̫ˣȥһСʱϲĽɫյڴͷһ
ҹѦһׯȫҩָǳ`ĵطõҩ࣬ҩʱģ࣬ǿǿׯ˶ˣˣϣҲҩ赹Ҳûǿбơ
˲ˣңϵĲκá
Ҳ֪ʱ˵ʲôҲûãǿЧ֮󣬲Żת뷨
ҩָ֮һЩĦ̱ķЩ˵ֽѾʼήΣڷҩ󣬻ҪԼ֫壬һЩ㶯ָ֫Ĺܡ
һ˺صԼķ䣬ϴߵ⿴һĴ졣
Ϊһϰ֮ˣ貢ηϺ;ҹ޹ĵطʱסջʱסУʱҰ⡭˯ĵطһûʲôҪģڷ絲Ŀԣڷ絲ҲУ˯ݶ˯֦Ҳ˯˯νֻҪһ徲֮عϢɡ
ߵ£ϱӣ˫ֽԺƫͷŴͷյϵһ󣬰κһֽϨ𣬱۾˯ȥ
ԼԼģһϤߡ
ڶһ磬ʱѦˣ۾һ۴ɫڱ££ǣСܴ˯ڸûѹ
ҹ˯òãѦ鷭ȥľ˯ţڻѹ۾˯ҲС
ѦڴϹһȦ˼룬֪ڵ˯ô
̲סĴӴԼΧһ񣬴ѥӣվſڣȥֲҳȥģһڵûѹô졭
ѦƿɫѾˣׯɽϣһɵԶԶȥȺɽ̣ǳɫ
һʵĿǼЩ졣
Ѧ££ԼĶ̲סԱߵʲôƵֹסˣվԭأϵԥԥġ
ͻȻ䣬Ѧ鿴ׯһˡ
Ǹˡ
Ҳѵĺ磬ȥȥһժ˼ʺ¶һ֦ṦһһȥģҲǰյĹ
ջصׯӣͿſŶ񣬰ԼʵʵСȡ
ߵԷߣʣôˣ
ûûʲô˳ߡѦ£ԼĶͻȻ١
һ⼸һã˼֦ǰСƺҲϲһǱһ֦˶Էתȥʱҩﰾҩȥˡ
Ѧ鱧һ֦ϲѣϵĶ񶼹˲£ϣһʱ֮䣬˫ֶ¶棬綼ˡ
֦ʱСܴѾѹˣҪźԼҹϴȴҵСүżһ֦ɵЦ
ӣ
ţѦϵЦֹסˣŪһ»ķۺһ꣬Ȼȥ˸ƿװˮ󣬰⼸ʵһ֦ƿ
ʵĻ֦ų¶̺һˮƣƺŵһŵĻ㡣
Ѧ͹µһãһǿÿһꡣ


17 ҩ
ׯʮˣһҪҩɲ٣վڼҩǰһѲڱӼᣬһСڣӽҩѧôҽҩİѿҲǼõģأһץ֪Ҫ١
ΪҩַͬҩЧҲϸ΢ЧץҩƿҪҩ
Ѧϴϣ·󣬼߰ҩҲƨƨߵĸһ԰æץҩҩġ
»𣬼ѧҽС֮ε̾˿һҩģ͵ƵģѦ齲һЩҩԵ֪ʶϵҩģ˳ԷĳЩҩԡ
Ѧڵˮƽͣڹ۲֢״鱾ҩĳ̶ȣ赹Ҳû˵ọ̈㽲Էӡ
ѦСһĵͷԵúǹ
ѧУʦ϶ϲµĹѧ
裺
ֻǳĺѧϿȴá֡ķʽܵһľ
ڶԷһ˵һ顱׳֮󡪡
һһ뿪ȰԷѧҽ
Ƴҩ飬ԼҲˣﳤ̾˿
֮̾࣬עһѦҩַڷӹҽСļŵ㣬ȻԷ֤ȫأǶԷڱҩϼ츳׾ٵıҩĵαͲλһѡЧѵǼڡ
ǼҩڵҩʱѦԻİѿؼѣַϸ壬趼һһ㡣迴һ۶ԷĴ׸࣬òϣԷҩ࣬ҪĸãۺҩЧѣҩҩû̫µ׷һҩЧˣΪϡɣСŪҩ࣬ӦƷ
ҩҲƺӡɫζȫһ㣬ȻҩڣôɫζȫҲǺѺȵġ
ֻǴӡǳѺȡˡѺȡ̶΢һ㡣
ҩ飬ͲҪ̫ζһգһᣬһ͹ȥˣѺȲѺȣҲͲҪ
˼һ£ѦԼҩȥׯŮ˺ͺӺȡ
Ѧ˵ͷҩֳ룬ȥܵŰӵޡ
ӹҩһˣҲǸܳԿĺӣҪ壬ʵʵŨɫҩȥްһ죬ȻҩֳֿѺȣǱ룬Ҫ΢ζһ㡣
ѾܹѺȵ룬˺ȡҩ׼ٺҩͺܾ޵ķ֡ҩȻúˡ
ȻŻǺܿࡣ
ŬѹºﷺĶġ
Ѧ黹˳õ׸࣬ƬĨĨһϵװߣƺǱҪȥܶ࣬ҩĺЧ
ޣоô
޶ͷԼϱǰ֪ˣˮգϵİ߿Ҳ˲٣ܸˡ
ˣȻȵҩܿ࣬ȴϣ⡣
ѦСһЦЦ΢Ͼһ£ҩҩѦϵĹϸ嵽ңһҲֱŵģַܺãһӾͰҩȷĨڻ
޶üһɰ룬һƯСҩǳģ̲סĺߺĸСʱСﻹ佱á
һԵһ߰ŶӣһúЦʱʱһǱߡ
ǰׯ඼ǰͿʹÿ˶ľ飬˵ҲǺþöûůЦҲþûСȸԾ˷ܵ
۾ģôЦ˵ʱе˯}ûš
Ѧ۾ӵһ̣Ȼһ£ҲһõЦݸԷ
ԷЦݣһůۿ¶ȽߣǸлǰСѦӺСѦӺ򣬶Ǵˡ
Ѧҩ׼ߵʱ̲סס˵˺üлĻ
Ҳ˵һġлл硱
Ѧһ죬̫˼ҪлңǶͣҲֻǰæѡ
ЦסޣǰС˫߾ģ̲סȤҪлѦҷҽߣֲȢôƯɡ
Ѧɫһӱæҡͷҷˣˡ
Ѧ⻰Ȼû˵ʲô۾ȴһ֡ڲǣδɾͲһǡѦ飬Ѧ鿴ˡ
ѦϾ͸ȼһѻƵģһ·յ˶˼ܻҩ¯ߣȼյĻ緢ȻﰾҩȴѲ֪ܵȥˣƾȻܣѦл㱵ȥҩޣȴһʱûע⣬ʳָ΢΢Թ˸Ȳ˹̵ĹѦ鱻̵ĳһϽ֡
ʳָ˴ǻǵģܿһ޴İɫˮݣˮݴʹס
ʱ˶ҩʩע⵽Ѧ֣Ͻ˽еһߣһˮݣַһҩ԰һ£ο˶Է䣺û£һͺˣ̵ġ
ѦѰõָǰɵĵͷ
ʱչѾˣѦûдϽֻһǳɫĴѣ׺һɫգԭѦպ˵ģǼ֮ϵ¶ȷǿнȥˣѦ˸̫࣬˳Сӣյѩ͸źһŸհǵ֦
ëСһĹɵͷģһöԷµСʦܣ̲סĶԷļһԷͷȻ׼֮ʲôƵģסˣֻǶ˿ڣͲҪ˷ҩˣҪ̫Ӵˡ
Ҿҩҩˡ
ţСĵ㣬ˡ
Ѧͷǰ˾ֱŵģֲһ䣺ĺˣûôһطεġ
裺
ǰСô
衿
Ƶ㣺60
ʱʮʱ
ׯæһׯĶʮ˵ĲסˣֻҪʱҩȴתǣиĿʱ䣬ǰĴҽﲡ
ׯȻǽ˳ңأʵϣׯ볤ңһľ룬˵ׯͽһ̵Ƹ
Ṧǰ򻨹ȵʱ򣬰û£Ṧϡ¡µ绨һ·ṦԮϣֱժ¥ݶվ򻨹ߵĵط³滨ݵ绨ԼһƬˮڹ貵Ǻ
վժ¥ݶϦͣȵҹĻٵʱƣǱ񷣬ֿժǳ
ԺЩ£֪ṦѾƮ·վ˳ңĴڣам󣬻Сˮ׷֣мŮũߣ׼Ǵؼң֮ܶһиŮ֯Ҹ԰徰
ǡ
ڿʱȫһɢܡ


18 
Ǹ·ġ
ׯġ
˵Ǹ򣬿ׯָʲôأһҲ磬ǿø첲ȵë

һ鲼µŮ˱סԼĺӣסӵ죬ŲҴ߻ԺţֽѸٰ˨ϣĺӵƨɣСԼ޶ȥţˣȥ
һһԺŽرգʱ˲٣Խˣһ߰ļУԼԼģ˽Щϲÿֵģڴ֮С쳤˲ӣȥ͵˵ж
ڳң˵ׯ治ǸõطƽʱŻС;˵Ͱȥׯ֮Ŀ֮д񶼾ãׯǾһȥ˰꣬ϳֽŸãֻʣ²˲并䡣
ƽûԸ⿿ׯĹط
ÿ˶±ȾϿµݷ粡
裺
һαԴ
ңĴ峤شţԼңΪ峤شţȴ˸˽ׯȻݷ粡Ҳȴ֪ĸ࣬ݷ粡ȻܴˣǴ˵ĸʲߣȻѾׯ죬ҲǾ˵ûȾ
شţׯߵԻ˵ׯĲˣҩ֢״˲١
ζŶԷ˵κݷ粡
Ǹҽĺô
شţиСع⣬ֽ꣬Сعǰ귢ȣҹȻȻˣȴҲشţűư͵Сӣ˺Щ򣬴Ƿ׷ҡ˵ββˣشţޱ˸عɤӡ
ڣشţ˵Ȼׯݷ粡̲ס˼ҪСҽɤӡ
شţӱС֣ѶԷеǰСӵļ򣬶򣬰æС⺢ӻܲܿ˵ɡ
Сع⣬úģܴ󣬿ŷǳϲ죬⺢ͷſ죬Էһ󣬷ֶԷ𣬷Ĳή˥ˣԷκȫʧ״̬
𣿡عʱԱߵĴ峤ͿƲסķʡ
ֺ֪֪
˼һڴ峤ΪԷҪ˵ܡʱ迪ڵ⺢˵ֻɤأָˣҲֻܷ졭
һ⻰峤޼סӣ˫ַ૲ϵظ˵ͺã˵ͺá
عأ̼ԷѨλֽع⼸ǻ͸ǻĶļĶ֮⣬һҩһ˫ÿһ۴ͷβɨҩһ£˵ãЩҩׯǱ߶У˳㰾ҩ
ѦСǸҩĴ󻧣ǰ˸Сҩׯһ߸ׯβһ߽Ÿҩģѧҩ
ĳɰҩǣԼץҩԼô鷳أ̫ѹˡ
迴һ۲Űع⣬ҡҡͷҩҩζһѾͿζΪᣬƷȶҩҪѺȰٱ˻ǿȥСӾ͹ܿˡ
⺢߰ͣôѣҲֿġ
⺢ӼЩĿʹѦСҩѦ鰾ҩȻζȵȥȴܱؼҷҵ˰øŨζһЩҩҲЩ
ѦǸСһĵβˣκҽȷʵǸİŰҩҲǲβˣ
ÿһ뵽Ѧ飬̲ס̧üģǿסԼֱ󣬶ǰشţ޵ׯÿ춼ȼҩ¯ాһҩҲ£ҪǹⲻȥȥѦ˽ҩǮȥѦСǰлл
迴óѦСӣϲ˸лβˡ
ȴûβˡ
ô˵شţȻСĴ㣬ȴҲΪᵽĳЩ˼æ˵ããһúøлǶλ򡣡
Ŀط費ǺԷĩβʣΪԷ˵ʱǺһ£˵Ǵ
ͷ뿪ˡ
ⳤң˴峤ңҲβˡ
衿
Ƶ㣺58
ʱʮ˸ʱ
˵Ҳţٵһ죬ͻֱ仯
Ƽشţҳ֮󣬽һҲǱܿ峤ҵˣԼСҲմȾʲô
Ǹڸ峤ưͶβ
Ǻˣεú𣿡
֮ǰô˵βãӦβ˰ɡ
Ȼȥ󣬴峤ҵСع⣬ܷˣ׶峤Ժع⿪ڷֻ·ǴӺＷһ˻ƻɬľͷβڵذϵ죬ǳ̶
Ȼܹ鲻ưˣ
˵𣿴峤ҵưͶӲˡ
е㱾£
ȥ峤ˣؼС޶ֻܷ˵ЩѽѽĴʣưҲûʲô𡭡
ش峤ҵСܷ˻һ죬һϢڳңըˣǾǡׯϵݷ粡κˣ
һ£ң˷ˡ
˭Ҳ󲻵ͬڵĲȻдκ
Ǹ´Ȼҽ
ңиʮꡣˣԭǼжӣǸĸҾʣһˣĸȫûУԼһڴ޸ĸ޹ʣҲ˵ӲҲҰŮ޸Ӳˣ˸ĸޡ
ˣֱڣŹĶأзӣڴҲʳǣһ˳ԱȫҲҲ˵ңڡֻ⼸죬ϳë
ǰ죬ɽϣɽϴֻҰãԸǳˣӾɽܣ촺̹ǣԼǿ׳һƻ𣬸Ͳ庮磬ñҲûźܣܵʱ紵ˡ
ѰõӶݶҲһ£֪Դ沿ʱʱʹһúõϵĻϾʹһ󵶸һĳ鴤ʹ͸ϣʹͼӱëһ£Լʹࡣ
ǣ˺üëסԼһգסһһĳ鴤ʹѾëһ죬ϵʹۻǲãѰ˼ģȥҸ
ųţ̸ׯ˵ô峤ưͶӳׯһݷ粡˸κˣȻҽǳߵӡ
Сᣬҽߡ
ƫͷʹëҽһ˵Ǵƽׯۿɲȥ
ׯڳң˵ǿǾԲȥĵطڻҪ¡
˵˴˵ۺ󣬾һκȥׯβ
ڿµݷ硭
СΧ˶˵Ӳ˸ĸ޿ӣһֱðɣӲԼݷӦҲκβׯʲôµġ
ȥȥ


19 ҽ
ΧׯĴУׯһֱǸǳµĵط˵ͬһø첲ȵſڵϣ絽ϣ˿ֻŵģׯסŵˣݸ׳ְߺۣò֣ͬ产ˡ
ë˸սȻԼӲʲôݷ磬ߵׯʱ򣬻̲סһġ
Űׯׯƿˣ̽ȥһͷ
ӳĳȴеȫһׯĲ÷ǳɾ࣬ɨһ飬ũԺȣ֪Ҫٱ
ׯҲܺãϱ߻п˵أ泤͵߲ˣЩ˵ɫΣΪɿڡ˵رߵܵ£һ׵ˮٹȥһżֻȸߴߴĽиͣ
ʱչůŶߵŵһ˲ǰĳ֮ġ
ǹҽġ
߽ׯһӾ顪ҽ˲ֹһ
Ǳߴŵ£һ´ŶӵȴǰǸˣӦþǿ˵ģᣬòɷǺÿڵĴ֮£˫Ķմīʱ򣬸Ƿ׿
ϻһɺȻ֮·һа
˿ž;ŷİ
ɵﳤһ߹ȥҲںȴﲡϷŵëѾȴˣֻԼ΢΢ů⣬Ҳëñ紵ҽչã£Ҳ𽥻ů⡣
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Ķ棬Сó񲼰ԼԵúܻƺׯĶ
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21 
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һǷһ˯ӿʱƿһ紵ϣ˶ʱ˲١
Ѧܸˣʱʱһ󻶿Сһ˫ǳɫͫµĿųһƬ䣬ݺų¶ɫԴΣͬѵɽ֮С
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ˣ˵ˣҩиհõҩ˸Ѧ顣
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Ŀ⻹ûѦ̲סĽŻ
ʵвֱ̣ӵѦ˯Ѩ˯˹ȥ


22 Ե
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Сܴڴߵİϣóƿҩһҩ赽ģҪιѦԣӣҩ裬򽻴ˣһ
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ѦҧҧĿ뿪ıӰֱԷʧڷ۾ֻоյɻصŷĵǵǼģҲǼ¼ŵģغƴֻһˣһƬãҰУݲµڶ˵Ĵڡ
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ȥģ֪ұһҽȥľȥġ
ûΪʲôҵ֮Ը£ɽˮ

һʱ֮䣬ѦԺ˼飬ַҵĻǰ֣۾俴һǣʱеͨ
ֻİƿϲżһ֦֦ͷϵĻѾһأΨйĿ֦
Ѧ۾Լ۽һƬȣʱͻȻˡ
Щ˺վסġ


23 ɿ
ҽڣѦĲˣõʱׯĴݷ粡ˣҲҪˣЩ֢״ģŻûҩѾ뿪ׯ֢״صˣ˲м޹ʵˣׯ
ׯĲѾҪտ
ڸǶɿȥD
衿
Ƶ㣺103
ʱһʱ
ЩׯҽβҲ˲Ƶ㣬ģҽϵͳʱ̡
뿪һ峿˸ǵĶɿڣѦСܴСǸܲӣɫʱ򣬽ƮһƬİ֮͸ŵյˮƺƵģһһĲ֮зڡ
ѦվڰߣңҰѴʻ⽭֦紵ʱѾʼе紵˵ԡ
Ѧ鴩һɫѣһɫ壬ѩ׵磬īɫĳڼͷҧҧǰʷŵİˣֻԷֱվڽϣһƬˮӳ¸ӵĳˡ
Ƴһ۽ˮֻˮеĴ밶ԽԽˣѦͷգգ۾ٴ̲סĿڵ治ȥٰٰķ羰ǾѣٰĻҡ
ˡֹסѦĻعͷѦ飬ÿһ紵Էķ˿īɫĳߵ֦һһɡ
Ѧ¶һЦݣ̧ժ¶Էͷϵһ˵ҪȥD˵DĴ˫صǾøʢĳѾҪȥDࡣ
ˣѦСӣǾʹ˱ɡ˵仰תˮֻϴѾŴϱҪˡ
ҴʱѾͣ˰ߣߺһϴ
ҪϴʱͻȻֱѦסˣȵȡ
عͷٴΰתѦ飬ֻԷҴҵĴ﷭һɫᣬƺƮģѦеĵݵǰβЩ죬˵ṫӣʶһٱ֮ʣһɣ⡭ֻͨĵ룬ṫĪҪźá
Ŀǵת˲̧ͷǰѦӣܾǿԷ·Ҫ޳ӣȴĸоһ󷢶£Щ˵ڣѦ棬ӹ˶Էϵĵ룬㻻ԭӡ
Ѧ鿴Լ͵ĵѣ۾һǣ¶ߵһСС
ɵĵӣ͵ĵ롭ʵҲͦõġ
Ҫѻĵһ˫ȴס˺գѦյúܽȴҿ裬ǰ˫תԱߺƵĽˮ黹ûʽᣬɲ԰͸ҡ
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Ѧסϵĵ룬ȴŶԷת˴
ˣ񴬺ܿʹ˽
վڴͷѦŽˮĿԷվڴϵӰһϤİ£īϢԺﹴճԷüۡ
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˴һֱûнȥڴͷϵķ羰һ˫ͬһһӣˮɨһ˰ߵɫӰϡ
Էվڰû뿪
˵⻹ǵһվԭأĿ뿪ͷ·𡭡һ
밶ԽԽԶģߵӰԽԽԽСһ㣬ֱʧ
Ҳ˵Ӱˡ
紵ϣֳѣĵ룬ˮĲͻȻоﲻζһӿͷһһĸо
Ҳӳһܣؿ£θλãʲôͿһ׹һҲо΢ķ¡
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ǰѦ˱õţɣǶԷ͸СԵĿׯǶӣιӥ豾С͸κѦȴҡҡͷûҪ
ǰţɣҧһں󣬷ţɵζǳֲÿѦСιʱСܻʵʵĶѦԱߣдڴһֻɣ֮󣬻NɪĶϹ԰Լġ䡱
һԷιӥʱĳ۾︡һĨԼҲûЦ⣬Ҳʧˡ
ֽ˼ɣԼȻֻǶˡ
ѦվڰߣĿ뿪һ죬峿һֱվ䣬ŶɿڱϵĴֻߣڰߵľ׮˩ֽ⿪Զε˴Ҳ˹֮˴Ӵı϶һССĶɿ
ӣ߰ɣѾˡҲٻˡ
Ѧ˵ͷһˮϿһۣתͬСܴһ뿪ɿڣֻÿǰ߼ʱ򣬶̲סĻͷٿǿյĽ档
ڶ죬ѦҲ׼뿪ʵ͸ûٰˣʱг̴㣬ǰͻصֻٰΪĳЩԵʣϵڡ
ĸѾˣѯΪδʱδңѦ˿Żȥֻ˵Լٻȥ
죬Ѷȥ
ÿһƥûУ
ЩҩĿɳðֲϸ

ػصߺţʱʱһ䣬ԺҲͬæͣ
ڱԺſźãѦǿžҩĺСܴĲ£Լɫ
ﱸ˺üĲ˿Թ֮ãԱߣһ򿪵ӡѦϣһһĶʵҲûʲôҲǼֽ֦ҩƿˡͳҲû
ѦصİӺϣСܴ˵ͷСܴƿӳȥ˵һʼƽȵǰС
Ѧбϣһָֻϣҹһû˯ʱ۾׵ң׵۾Ҳֻܰ۾͸˿˿ķ϶ϵΡ
ĳɢǰͱѦ̧ͷӽаһͷīУҵΧ̲һһͷ
üһͷؽɺɵĵ
ǵϣֱɵĺᣬһƻһᣬֽʢᡣ
ٰʢԢǣ
ԸóԸ


24 Լ
·ʻһ죬ڵڶʱ֮ǰٰǡ
Ѧɫ󣬿ڳ۾Ŀʻſڣһ·תֽ֣ٶȷˣȺƿӣȥĳ
ʱǽֵֵʱ˲ʱмɫ߰ĽСкŷ糵׷֣ŵӣСĵıܹȺմӲׯˣż߲ԤŻؼҲüװǺһֵо档
ѦСĵطϸЩֵѾԺ͡
ԱߵСóһɫӣḧϵպ󣬰밴ؿڣѦѳӸƿһ㣬Ϊ֪ϾҪ·ҽݡðá
ڶ࣬ڳߵļ˲еٶȲ࣬Ѧסĵ룬ڴſԼҵҽݣǰǸƣٶȼӿ죬ʱһСӣһ£ѦסΣٽ⿴ȥ
ȴûпԼϤơðá
һξ͹ȥˡ
ѦϽͣļǵĴȥܵԼɻҶʶĵǰǰĹӵܽɣµĴȴʧˡ
ʱҽ̴ţڰ˶Ѧܽ˷ÿιָ˰ҩҩ㵹ԷɤҩζлصӣﶼҪˡϽҩĶඡ
Ǳߣιȥһ

Ѧҽǽ壬ҩһصľ󣬶ʱŭ˶㣬ڸʲô˭ǰᶯҽݵĶ
ι»عͷƳѦ飬æ͵Сүѽڼء
Ѧ۾ʵκ˵ǵڸʲô
ι̾һ͵СүǷ˷Ըģ˵Ҫҽݸˣĳׯ˴˺Щ֣СүҲװˣҪҪüѣѡÿϾ˸Ϲȥ
˭ǹҽݵģ˭ǸׯģҲ׼뿪ʱǻ㿴ҽݵһô
ι¿ЦһүҽôûУʲô˵Ļ˰ɣ
ѦȥǰðһҽݴϳȥˣѦߺҲߥˣֻʣСѧͽҽǿţҲβʲôҽݿţβˣǻʲô
Ѧ鱻۾ŵֲѣһҧԺιǱҽݵĶȫһָԭ״ȥ
Сܴҿǣ˭׼ҵĶ
Ѧ
ѦѦϣҲѦƣյԼԺСͤУһ֧ںϣһץһʳһûһȥ峺ĺˮĽɫɫȫˮȥʳ
ԺһƬˮҰĺܣ߻һļɽʯᾣƯһŻƵˮˮԻŲٻܵ¸ǻŽأ⼫
ʳСѾߣָ˵ϡ
ƴһĽޣͷŷ٣һ˼ҵģƳڽϵһС̼ͥСﳤܻᾭӪڼֳѹŻԱ£һޱ㽫ļױȥ⣬ЩֵµԽԽ󣬻²Ƹ
òúȫǸ˼主󻨵ģȽʢˣһ;ϴһɲȻ˵䲻ݣҲͭζģ
Ȼͭζȴ̫һ˲ƣš
ŮʱʼƱ㾴ʫ飬вѧˣ˭õһŮȴϲʶѧʣԼֵķ绨ѩ¸ӹšƫƫƱ˰ɣþ徭ʫʸ踳ȴǰ㲻ͨ
ʮƲڼҸʦѧʫ飬һż޽ϲӣŻǰºӡ
κ첻Ըƾûжʫ츳ѧѧȥҲûѧʲôѧʡϹüʵѧƫƫѧʸߵ˲ӣҲߣǿͭζӹ׸֮Ů
˼ֻ꣬˶ΣѦһ￪ҽݵСүʱѦҽѦ׳ţǲѦһӪҩģҲԡֻѦˣҲʲô˲ӣһûжīˮΨһŵ㣬úÿ
֮Ƽ˺̣ԽԽǮҲԽԽ࣬ЩǮƣƲ֡
ﻹЩִ
ԼûԸϣĺӣܹһѧʶ㲩˲ӡ
˵Ҳõ˰ɣ
仰δأͿԼ۶ѦŲҴҵĳ˹æվӭӣ۵Сˣ㿴۳ͶٵӣϽȥϴϢ￴һۡ
Ѧɺ۾ʵΪʲôҪҽݸˣ
ԼҺӵʣƮƮ򶼱ˣأ
ҲŸߵģ
˺ˣǾˣȥϴϢԴҽݱô̶ܣѼҽݸˣѾһӣ۵ڶ
ƫƫ۶Ƣ
ҽݲܹأҪȥ
ơϡһѦתһȦģӣǲҲ֪׹ҽݾӪʵ˶٣ûɣӽȥˣ
ѦҧҧҲܰҽݸˣѦеҽݣʹ˶˵ĻôԵѦҵڡôԵȥĸ׺͸硣
Сʱ˵ҪѦҽݵѦ黹ǵõҽҩģи磬翴飬ôҩץҩ˵ʱҩҽĻ䣬񡭡ôܹأ
ôԵѦҵڣ˲ŶԵѦҵڣ㿴պյļðþӪʲôӣڵƣ˼ҶϵġðáѦǻүүڵǻðõأٰЦ
Ѧһ£׵۾գҲգĿǰչ䣬ԭɫͲ̫õӸѿ
Ƽɵ÷飬Ļҽݹˣһ÷ôٰҲвſ񴺹ãѳȥ̤ɺã
ѦɳƣǿԼĸףһһٵҲˣҪҽݳȥ
Ļ䣬ϵᣬɫֱѦ۾飬ѾʮˣȻ㣬ȴҲݲȥ
Ѧͷƫһԣĸ׵ߣľٶԼĿܺ;ǿ
У飬һĺòã
һ꣬һڣάסҽݲͲˣҲҽݿȥ
ǣһ꣬ҲüӣҽݵճҪԼҽ׬ȡ
ҪŲסˣˣͰҽݹˣʵʵĻޡ
ĸģ۽Σ㶼жԼ


25 
ѦӦ˺ĸ׵ĶԼ
վϤҽǰҽﴩŲСˣЩɨɨеˮͰĨų̀ιԱָ߳ӣǰҽݻָԭ
ѦһҶСܴӣԼȥҶס
վϣָϵ壺
شá
Ѧң֮ǰðõұƽժѦʰҽݵʱҲûȥҪŪһ顣
Ѧ鶨ĿҶϵ֡
ҽֻشҽݣǷҲܻشأ
ӣɡµСܴԼҹվڸߴܾĻҡ
Ѧվĵ˵ͷĴСܴæ˰Ӱߡ
߽ҽ֮ǰµҽݲ౻ʰɾˣɾҩװҩ־òɢҩζ˰ΧУѦ۾һϤҩ㡣
ĸʱӽŲ磬󲽿żһߣҲੲݣϣشãǻ
ߣôлҳɨɾŵ㣬Сү¡
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ⷿҵģҲҵģҵ㿴һնء
ҩģƳϵȵһҩģһŵƿƿ޹ޡ㣬Ҳ㣬Ǯ
ˣƵǮƺҲõҵģ

ۼҵСһǷǮأ̣װģĴ˼£üģƺǺܿյӣŮծ򼸸ۣˡ
ĥīдһǷЦеߵѦǰԼС۶֣水һӡ
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ˣԭصѦǷӣһ˫ǳķȴԽļ
ڶ죬СܴȥôҽȻҽƽƽôҽݻǿ˭֪죬׷Ѧǡ
ʵڶԲסˣСӣ£ʵǲܼҽ
ҲԲסˡ
Ѧ鼱ˣסԼҩ䣬һĨ;ˡ
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ˣѾȥСеĴ򶼴ˡ
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˳ȥļҵĹӸ磬ģúãѧָߡ
ҽû򣬰˿УѦȴӲÿ쳨ҽݵĴţȻҽݿţвʱҲֻȰ˶ԷȥҽΡ
ѦһЩҩҩϼѣˡʹԼʪ֮ԲлЧҽÿ컹ǿЩ⡣
󲿷ʱ䶼ġ
ѦڰϿҽ飬ǿֳҽǸ̺ӣЩҽһܿ졣ʱҲȥҩҩģҩҩҩһЩҩҩ衣
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СܴԭɰһһϴҽݼҩѬһͷۻֻûＢꤣ࣬࣬һһĽҲò롣
·ҲС꣬һ·鲻Խӣʲôôô㣿
ﴫ
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ƺǴӡףشãôоǸҽأ

Сܴʵ̲סˣĶתԺȥűߣÿҹһۡҪˣˣСܴӣ¸ܡ
ĥ˵̷
Ѧһ˱֮ʢһ˳һţԼҲԣֻ˫ֳ°ͣѵԱߣĿ෢Ҳ֪Щʲô
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Сܴ˺һʵ̲סˣԼӣӣСܴܺһ𣿡
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ԱߵСܴ͹ܲôˣϽԼҨһ࣬ԼӣŨһȻ޶ԣ
Ǻεȵ
Сܴ࣬ͣ˳ȥԱ߶ԼƲסҪѰĹһˡ
̫˰ɣ
Сܴ˱ȥĹ̨ߣҨ˼£˲ôֱ졣
Ũһ봽࣬оһﻯСܴʵ޷ζ֮ֻ֪ⱲӳԹóԵࡣ
˱ŨޱȣֳƯ֭ɫÿк桢޲ס춹ӵȵʮֲϣЩƯСϸԴζںһɴһһһĵ㾦֮ʡ
ǹ⣬Ǵһ޷˵˼һ룬һȥɢһɼŨҵĲ֮Уȥڶڡ
СܴһڽһڣͣԼϸϸƷֺĴȴʵǿƲס
ǺƤȥҨ˵ڶ룬Һӻڷ˲ô
ڹ̨߳ʱ䣬Ѿкü·߽ҽѯǴġ
С𣿡
𣿡
ܸҳһ𣿾һڡ

Сܴ
վҽˣϾǼҹӰͦһ࣬ԼҳǳԲģȻҲȷʵ࣬ʮûˡ
·᲻뿪׷ʻûûܳĳ׷´ʲôʱࡣ
СܴϴĹ򣬲ŰȺѲĿߡ
ҽݣʲôడ
ӵాá
֮ѦҲֻ࣬ǣȫƾ飬ˣһ࣬ʢһԼŷµģҽݵ˳ˡ
ˣ뵽ԵĿˣʮֲףϾ˭Ҳ֪ǻشãʲôʱ
¹ȥˣѦշǣǻش࣬Ȼ˴ٰǵһ


26 D
羰续Ⱥɽһ翵İɽɫԴ䣬б֦ˮϣҶ岨ﵴͬˮеһ㣬Ż޽Ǳߵ鷢һҶСڽϡ
ֻÿдһӥһֻӥſˮϻն˶ɫ˵Ӣ䲻˳˼ֻ࣬ڴͷ˵ߡ
Сߴߴѽѽѽһҽк󣬴ߴιԡ
ֳѣң羰紵°ԣ˽޶ԡĸַӵ˼¡
СֻӥоʮֵĲ⡣
һ𣬾ҪһѵǵͷڴͷƴҪһԵİˣӥѾ˳׼ͷҲҪ·Ƽ
˭ԼṦͰ㶼˵°ڣСˣͷ˼Ȧȴûдס˿ӴԷ
ϮζպСھˡ
ȻʱСͻȻܴˣ֮ǰͶιüСƺһڴϣӦþרŸԵġ
ֱȥɾˡ
ɵİװһֻӥϵá
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ɣ
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С˼ڽ㣬תͷһͷǸ˾ȻͽԼСֻӥˣըë
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СԿʼׯͶιʱҸӡ
һƬĺɫ֮ʱ۵ִ˕D
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߽˕DǣȻѾٽҹȴʮţٵطƮһ̣ɢһʳѭζսһСֵ֣ϸľʵƴ£в̻ӣŨҵһҲ֪Ǵļҵﴫġ
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ޱؿٳһˣʱ룬ҲȥƷص࣬Եļζ
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һһĿջɨļΪɾҲûлҳϵıȻҲǸɹģһɴϢڴϣ۾ʱĵģĶȴһһңһ˵ķꡣ
֣¶ҰҲν裬ȴͻȻµĴоһӦ
ֻĬľģȴһĹԣڹ̶ʱ˯֮С
ЯĵӷͷϣɫĵڵΧһɢҹϡоΧһϤů
ҹ˯òãһǲΣڶʱ򣬻Щ˼㱣ҹﶸȻķ쵽˽磬Ҳûɢ
ϵϵӣ߳˿ջ
ʱθտգȴĲûʲôʳ˴һµļ̣ȥ˶Ƽիһࡣ
Ѱի̹ȻʮһıѾ˳ӣźһʵůůθ
һӣΧ˶һ࣬ЩĪķԼƺû̫ʳ
ԺﲻϵıĕDμĳθҲľ޶ԡ
ԽԽľ
裺
Ҳǽղ˳ࣿ
ɢ㣬Щ֪ӣؾҹԹĺիĸ㣬ʳĸʮƯһϸŴС磬Ŵĸڴ仯ʱΪ𡭡
ţ뿪ˣȥһҸӣһĸ㡣
Ҳʲô춹÷֮ģ˼;̫̫ĻţһôĶܲˣֹսһݣ档
֮󣬲ѹȥǹ塣
ǿԼٳ֮ԼͣҲΪҹ˯òãŻʳѣҲΪԼ̼ʳɡ
֮ȥ
DĴڽʮֳģǕDܱߵķ⣬Ӽ
˕D;㣬Ҳˣյϵʱһʵϸ꣬ԭƽĺϿʼ֣һƬ԰ǳǳɽƺȾͬһˮīǰſ
εΪۣСͤפۿЩֳֽɡϸ
վһǰͲԶЕDˮˮϣɢһһҰ׵ɫȾҵĵŵŨģīǰһ
ǰĺˮȴ뵽һɫӰӣҲˮϣ紵Էĳڷҡҷ̲ˮӰнԶ𽥵Ŀˡ

ŤתͷٿϵĹ⾰ǿߵǳɫʯ
ʱһɫѵһ·ι䵽ߣһӾע⵽վںǰ裬Ϊһķʣʵ޷ĿͣפڶԷϡ
ոմDѧʱ뵽DʳȴҲɫ̲סߵߣ
λӣһǕD˰ɡ
ƫͷһۣʵΪ²⣿
ȴЦһ£ָźϵķ羰Цǰôķ羰㶼Ĺͣ˵˾ռߡ
裺ǵһ
˵仰費˶̸׼仰󣬱ת뿪ʱĕDһС
źߵһ·ǰߣȴߵһ̨֮ϣ۾̨з֮ʿµĲٱīֽԼᣬѹ·˲;ʱԱվڳǰǰִ
迴Ǿī⣬̲סһҲߵһǰֽ̿𻭱ʣ̧Ƴһɽˮͷʼ
򻨹ʥ١塢顢ҩҩӣʵڶ࣬ҽ黭
һµʱͽһֳ״̬еĻˮһڻ己ӵһͼֻǻһǣģһѾմ˸ɫī
һʣϻִŻʣȴȻͷӻȴǻľȻһһͼ֦ϵһǷ֦ͷǳǳ糺ɫһڻһŨҵĴԾȻֽϡ
д𣬻æѻʸ£ŲҴҵ뿪⴦̨
ǸδɵĻڳϡ
һ˴ʱҲԼī˷Ա߾ȻһչĻ˹ȥǻϿһۣʱɴԼ۾۾ﾡǾ̾
ҿ˿ܣ˲δ֮ˣҴææİؽԼǽŲҴҵ뿪
ϸѾͣˣһµζ紵Ҷϵˮ˳۳һ㣬Ҷϻ䣬׹֮С
ķңԼղħһȻǰɽˮ֮һ쳣ѣ鲻ԽõͷԼüġ
ͻȻ䣬ŵһԼԼ˵ζ
æڵβӣסϵĺᣬڱӱһ£Ȼŵһʱʱ޷
ζǰҲŹܶΡ
ȴǵһ񲻰ҷ겻ѡ
ϵ֧ӣǰ˼ÿǰм̯̯ϰ֮ƷͬҲиʽĲɫӡ
Ҫһµĵ롣
ߵƷ̯ǰһ״ѡѡѡȥȴûзԼģȻʱֱ뻻һµĵ롣
̯ӵϰԥ۾ϵĵһζϾһɫƼλӣϵӻڼ򵥣һ㶼ݣǧ˿ٿ۵ĺᣬϸµĹɵģʺķ
ѡһ١
ϰ⻰ͻȻͲˡ
ϰ岻õĿת뿪
ܵ£еĺɫ룬滨ʽȴƯ쳣ĵ룬ӵµɫСʯ;÷̯еӣûһܱȵ
̾һ
ҲգһֱŰɡ
͕DʳطƸֲϣһģϡ
ѡˮ·һƥһ·򱱣һҪȥĵط
Ȼûϵǣ뿪˕D֮ϵû˿⣬Ǹˡ
ʼļ죬Ϊ˱Լ˼룬һ·ҽһϰˣҲֻæŸ˿ĥʱܱ֤
ææµµҽ˺ü죬䶼ʼһĴ򣬼ڸβֻҪ߲ܡ
衿
Ƶ㣺576
ʱʮʱ
һҾ¥һѹʱ˾ͱɢɢģﲡҲɽˮ
ڴϣϸԼϵ֢״
񲻶ʳʧ߶Ρ
Ϊģܾȱ˵ʲôǰһܳʮձģֻܳˣҹľ޷ġ
жԼӦǲˡ
۾ͷϵɴʣ˵ҽ߲ҽҲҪһΡ
βǧգȥһ졣
Ӵװ̤˷ǵһҽݡ


27 ٰ
Ƿһҽݡ
߽ҽݵʱ÷ҽﻹ߰˸˵ȴԼҩȥҽݵĻҩҩ
ŵӵ裬ǰڵȴĶ
ýλֻλ˼ȥ￴ȥˣֻһλҽҽβλصĴβʮֽϣھ벡˵ʱ򣬻Ҫźϸϸĸܺܳһʱ䡣
ȴĻ档
ǰһ˻ûκãһһð亹ǸʹѵĻߣʵ̲סϵʹǰȥҽݵĻƣɷôȸΣ
վӱߵĻƮƮƳһۣ޲ڸأҵȵȣôˣҲ÷ָ󵽡
Ǹʹûӣֻ˵Ŷӵȴš
ʱ⴫һ춯һҽſͣ£һźطٵķˣҽĻæӭӣλȽȥΣλһִ󷽣ӱߵĻƣҲ̲סĸŽȥ˵Ц䣬˵ܻЩ͡
ǰǸʹĲˣʱѾ۵ݴ
ƳһǱ߾ĬӣѾҽݵˣǰȴŵļ˶ڴȻ齹꣬ȴҲʵʵĵеѣתһȦߵǸʹߡ
ô
Ǹʹ̧ͷɫ󾪣ۼ˵⻰˾Ȼ֮ǰǰȴλ·ԷȲɫ£ȻŲ̫ˣӦҲǸ򡭡ɵʵҽ
ţѧҽʮء
ѧҽôΪʲôŶӾȻЩʣǸʹʵʹ̣ҽŶӻ֪òټּǰİﻰ˵ĵ̲סĵ˵ͷҽǾλӰҿɡ
δ˰ǰ۲Ĳ࣬ѾѶԷĲ֢˸ʮ֤󣬱ӻóһ룬ڶԷֱۺͶϷ룬ʱֹס˶ԷϵʹڶԷѨ˼£ֽʣչԵĿдҩ˳ھ͵ȥ֮ëůһ¶ӣÿһΣӦþûˡ
ˣĲʹˣӣֻоԷĵطǶĵطһѻգյȫůģͬɢʪ
˽ӹϵҩǧлת뿪ҽݡ
ǰŶӵļ˼״ϵı鶼̫һиŤ˵ģܵߣʣλ´򣬿ɷҲҵһ
ɨ˶Էֱһֱۣеֱۺͼ羱ô£ȫᣬ˲ûðɣιιôͻȻ򡭡ţԻˡ
Ļ˲ˣתŤŤԼֱۣʮҲʹˣʱ̵ĸлҲת߳ҽݡ
ʣµεĲˣǿһǱߺ޶ӣǰ˻ûг̲סΧߣæβ
ԥһ£ȴԷӦ죬˳־Ͱ˸ˡ
ǰﲡʱµĺ֢
־Ҵҵڷҽݺ󣬸Ͻҵһңվ˼ҵſڣ̧ͷƳƣã־˼ڴմ̴ҪҸȥϸүβ
ҽȥѰ򣬽˺ĵطÿһ´ڸβ
־̲סͣ˽ŲѰ˼ţǰİ´Ϊ᣿ʵšӡоḻϴǶӦǳƮƮŸҩģ
Ƿ־վһԣȹ۲۲βˮƽ
õڸνˣȥӱߣ߽һһλ
¡ǻƶһ˶ɵˣղŵŵôȫˣ
ƵɨһɨÿǸΧİˣΪβֺֿ죬Щβȥڿ˼䣬˺ü
ƹģ߹
豻õˡ롱˳ȥ
ȥ֮ȺҲһȥˣ·βһһ˿ˣһˣվ·ڱҭ
ȥҽҽġΪʲôᷢչ
ԥǷҪҽݵʱ򣬹۲һķ־߹ˣ־βַΪԷһǸҽĴүҪ´ȥһҽߵĴϴΡ
־ߵǰǱȭʩһ񣬶˵λӣɷȥ̴ҼүβҼүҪȥٰ˭֪;ڴϲˡ
һΣƺʲôĴʣ鲻Խѿڶٰ
־۾ˣ̲ס׷ʵǣĪǹҲҪȥٰô
˼㱣֪ôģҪȥǵģȴĪʹĻһ֣ԡ
ǿ̫ˣǼүҸ洬򡭡
ŷ־ȥ̴ǼүϱҶ˿ģʮԭǰˣûһӰŮЩר۲ǮתɼҡʱһλڱȢķ£˭֪;ڴżз纮Խأһձһղʣ˸ϽԸͣȥҴүΡ
֣Է治Ƿ纮ô򵥣Щϴ㣬ҪǣëپЩͲ˵ˣԼŮƱȽļԼķ;˷£ˣа塣
κ˷纮˳㿪˷ӣ˵壬ҲƵķ÷һϵӣܲܵøһӰŮҲܱ֤
ƶǧлʮҲ͸Ŷҵ̴һ·ٰȥ
ҵ̴ܴһķ緫ӭչڴͷķ羰⽭ɽˮ羰ò˼飬ʱңԶմһӥСſֱͷԼ˵Ϸ˺üȦȻĽ
̴ϵĹͣСҲпڸˣÿٲģֻСӥǵĸ˺ͽ⣬ÿʵʵĲҩҩ
ⲻÿҩǡһơ
ƣ̲סôϵҶ˴СԵĳҲеֹôͲٸҵһأ
˵Ҳ֣ԴȥDСԻû͹硣
СԶ˶ȥȥˣ˲ιбι
̴һ·ͣͣ-ٰͷϵĹжڴǰ붭ү𣬶ԭһٰŴԺôѰ
ȴֻ˵Լ޶һ仰үֻҪշӵԻóԸ
˴ͷϹԵǼ֣в̴װжһһƹЩˣٰվٰͷĿɼĽǷ֡
һ𣬽Զ಻Ľ֮·ߵľƼңƿ˾Ʒ̳ľƮɵ˽ϣбϽǵỊ̇һƿӵ˲䣬İϴܡ
ֳİĽֵ˵ȴİ˲٣ԭһӵĽ꣬һȫʧˡ
һҪҪȥһ¡ðôߣ
Ȼ뷨ճ֣ͱȥˣԼӦ˼УԻһϾ֮ǰ˵ȥĻ͸óȥˮһղ
Ҫôڳٰأ
һ˼УĿĵڷеĻߡ
˵𣿻شõİ˱ٰһ
ߡȥشúȥ

شã
һĵطΪȡҽݵ֣
һʱò裬п޲ɵĸŻشõķ˹ȥ


28 
Ѧһ˱࣬ǹŨڴɰðɢŨ̵ζɢ
һԵСܴ̲סӡ
޷ܾĹʵ̫ˣСܴŶٴΣĲɶ񫡣
ѦϰԵҨһһԵţƵģװ˺ôһǶѦһµĽ˿С룬ʢһ࣬ŽһµСʳʳнСܴҽ˸ȥɡ
Ҳ˶ȥҽſڡ
֮ѦתͷǰֳգĶ࿪ʼ
СܴСĵ̧һɰȥ֮󣬲Ǹµʳߣżʱ򣬻鲻ԽĻͷһӱߵѦ顣
̾һתϵһ࣬ƲƲ죬Щ߷ߵ뵽һ˵ǰ˱࣬˵˼ء
ֻ˼棬ҹӻǳͷ
ֽҽݵ״Ӻͷ˵ĶԼ䶨ˡҲãԹ˵δһ¡
ȺٰĻشãŷ֣ĵطȻһҽݣһһҷǳҽݡ
վҶ棬ͷ˿Ϸġشá֡
迴һȥŶˣ鲻Խӣ˵ҽݵЩãΪʵ̫ˣʳǷѵҲθĲ档
ҽݵĻ̧һɰſ۸Ҳ󣬶ʮһ롣
ŶȿֺΧҽſڣԼȲŨࡣҽݵĻƹҲǸˣ׼룬룬Ҳҽﳣҩ룬ȻҩһͱȽʳԴһŨصĿҩζȻҩŨ࣬˲ͰǹӿĿҩζѹȥˡ
Ϊ಻ֻ࣬һÿһ඼ֻôһףֻװ˰ҩ룬һھܺࡣ
ǰһ̲࣬ס̾Ϣ֪һ죬źȵõشһ࡭
ССļڣ졣
ҲΪôһ㣬Ż˻ԣΪʲôҴͲһüء

Χ˵ۣҽݵҲʼڴٰ֪࣬ζôأ
ŶӵʱԼ̬ҲֵģȥǶǴСС̵ĕDɥʧ**ȵڵٰʱһҽǰȻĪˡ
һŶ࣬һ߰ѣԼģõһʱ䣬ǰǸ˹ȥֵˡ
Ȼ칫һʮֲɵ鷢ˡ
λ͹ٶԲ𣬽յѾˡҽݵĻƶʮǸ¶һ΢Ц
һ˵ҽݵ˺󣬺Ŷӵæ̾˼ʹɢȥ
վԭüͷʵû뵽Լ˾Ȼ˲ѣ˵ǻù˸壬ҪȻΪʲôôõĶӣƫƫֵûأ
ҽſڵĻʰɰһֻյҩ룬̧žҪҽݵĺԺȥǰҲɢȥˣֻ˿ҽݴš
ĿҽݵĻ̧ɰȥȴվҽݵſڣδȥ
յٰԤʾ챻˥塭
ǰ̫ں˺˵֮ĶȻ˽׼Ҫ˺Ҫ飬ҳöͭǮ͵Լһԡ
ѧҽģаռһ֣ȿȣǰȥ뼸λ۹šˮƽű߼װһҲͬڻ¡
¾ԾȥˮԾ͸ա
öͭǮ𣬶ͽֽס̯ûüͭǮȴͻȻ˴ҽﴫһ
ϰ꣬ˣҽͻأĶ˸š
⿪ҽݵĲҽλˣǲǿֵܣ
ʵǶԲסˣ뻻ҽݣҽݽûд򡭡
ôһҽݣôûУ˵ȥ˭ŰҲܣвҽ֮ĵβˣôиѰҵܵܵĲ飬ҽ˿һ¾Ͱ˺ȥİ
ܵܣвʹ

еһͷһ£ϵͭǮȥܣվԭأϸ˴ҽﴫһϤֻ˵ɫöֻÿʱ򣬾ͻԵģܺ۸ӣÿ˵֢µģŵȷš
̲סͷһͷġشá֣¶Щźҽ̽Ƴһۣż̤˽ȥ
ҽĴβôʲôܣǴβ£
ҡǴǸҽʱûд򡭡
ûд㻹ôһҽݣ

شһֵܣܵʢֵܸ´ãղŵִֵٰٰͶݵģ˭֪յ常ͱݸϳȥˣֻ˼ӣ򷢽лƵģ⡣ֵٰ¿ģڳЪһһܵȴͻ֢Ƥ۰׾ǷƣҸʹѣϽŵܵȥҽҽ
ǿ·ڵһҡشáҽ۷ǳ󣬿ڷ֮Уװ֡ʮƯӵľűϣһҩҩҩģǼСҩҪࡣ
һҽݣҽϽĵܵܽҽȻشúҽݵζܵΣҲ¶棬Ҫǡ䡱ҽݣǸȥҡʱ޹⡣
ղű֮⣬ҽٰǵĴҽݸҲҪǾ֮⣬ͷԷ裬ҽ
˵ʲôҪ߸ϵĻشôܵΡ
ҽĿǰûд򡭡ȥҽݰɡѦЩ˺ü飬ǰֵܾǲҡôôɡҽݣȻûһܳΣѦ˵ʲôֵ
Ӧòٰˡ
ôֱӴٰǵ˿Сطģ
ǣֻҪٰ˴֪ҽݵʵ顭ѦμˣȰ˵λ磬ܵܵĲ鲻õ顭
ҽݵ˻ûģҽݵĴҵܵﲡ
ѦҡҡͷҶղѾûȥٰáȥˣǱߵĴӦֵܸΡ
̾һʧޱȣ˭뵽ǼҽݣȻ䵽Ҫȥ˼ҵĴﲡ
ɲٰЦ
ڽ֮ʣȴſڴͻȻһ
Ĳȷʵõ飬λֳǵĵܵܣǾͷøλá


29 һ
ʱѦһǲƫͷԼ죬ֻһþ
ԭء
ʱȴѾߵǶֵܵߣ̧ʢƤ˿أټԷǻʺ죬ֻ̦ɣȻǸεʪȣȻʪ
һԵСܴ裬ȵ򣡡
۾ǰģĿˣԴӶԷճֵʱҲһ鲻ԽնԷĻȥʵʵĸԷλãĿ˸Լ׵ܼܵ鲡֢
ֻﻹ޵Ļɣǰƾճҽݵ˵˭
ʱһǱߵСһ򡱣ź֪ʶԷȻǸǸҽˣȻλҽΪҲ̫˰ɣԷƺԼ൱ᣬܸ˿
Լĵܵȥңҽݵרòϣعͷɵ㶸Ѧҽݵݹ
ŶŶŶѦڻػˣææҵҳһţƤĴСĵݸǰ衣
费ţƤƳһۣһԼҪ룬ȡʢšȪѨ̣ڶԷƤϼ㣬΢˶ԷƤ֮µĳЩɫ״ʱԷɫѾʼתã۰ϵĻɫˡ
ѦݸԷ۾գҲ᲻գĿǰİˣԼգ۾Էһ˲ʧˡ
ҲûõΪҲˣȻô죬ּ˶Է
ܵܣоôˣһԿţ߿ȥдҩ󣬸ϽΧȥԼҵܵ𻰡
û뵽ͻȻֵİˣȻǸ̲סҽݵĴᰡҽֲٰǵĴҽ
СطĴ򣬸ӻףŸϺͿƵģģǲܸβɡ
ҽ겻ҽȴߣַ̾Ϊֹ
ԼѡҽǶԵġ
Ѧ⻰ȴûеԷ⻰һĪѦеˣԷ⻰⣬شٰﲻʲôҽݣλĴҲҽݵˡ
ҽݵĴղųȥ˰ɣֱ˵ֵܵȵȾˡ

ѦûлĻǰתǱִдҩ裬ԷʱڶдҩƺǶĻţҲûڳԷĴ
ҩץҩˮ
ѦҽݵĻȥץҩȻȥҩҩ޼ˡ
˺ѦȥҽݺСţȻСܴȥѽĴóָһ衣
Ѳ赹յУŲŵǰ
յһںֻòζ̲ס̾ѦСӲһֺҩƳϺõҩ࣬ݲգҲϵȡ
ѦͬԼһ裬ֻǴ˴ȴûƷһڡ
ŲҶӿ˺һ̲סĿڣ򡭡㣬ôͻȻٰ
Ųյֽһ£ɫģӲװģĺһڲ裬ζ㶼û
κǿ˵ұĴι䣬ҽ۳Ȼ
Щɡ
ǰ;һȥٰˣزҪ洬ΪҽΣҾ͸̴ٰѰ͵Ĳһ䡣
Ѧ鱧յ˵ʧ仹Ǳʲô˼ֻһףһġŶһ
˶ԷһƮƮġŶ֮󣬷е£̲סĵͷһڲ衣
ѦƽķӦЩĪĲ⡣
Ͳһ£
ǡôڻشأѦСŬԼһͱˡ
Ҹ´·˵شõٰǵһЩȥشóȥź棬Ҳƫֵùĺܣ˳ӣһֵ࣬ȴûˣҲûڸٰܳǵһ˵˵ţ˵ԳЦ
仰˵꣬Ѧ黹ûӦʱһԵСܴȴڶпڸпڸģʱɣǺԺպûʣһ࣬Сܴȥ˹
仰û䶨СܴѾͣȥ˺ԺѦжвס
һᣬСܴϴĪЦ⣬һ롱̶ŲյŵǰԭҲеզĿǰһࡣ
軹ΪСܴ˵һ࣬ǸҽſּھܳСҩࡣ
û뵽ôһ롭裿
СܴüŪ۵ָʺ㲻ˡ
ѦƮϺΣ֪ǷѵСָܴʲô뵽ʱ෢ĳգ˵СܴĻΪԷ˵˵ĺθڡ
Ҳԡ
һֱǸͰ
ô໹ʺȣϾһҲԲô࡭
СܴףѦڴˣһСܴЩǸĿôô˵أ඼ˣˣȥһ롣
־ɣ̲סʵѦСģ
Ļ׿ڳˣ˵ģǸҹҲܺȵȥ
Ѧ˵ͷְģҵȵȣȥһʵ
Ҫȥȴסˡ
Цö鷳ˣǰ˱࣬ãޱȣƺһɷ۵棬˺ϲ
СܴԱߴߴٵϲ͸Ͻɡ
ͷѦһЦ״СҨһףһ˵ĺ죬ķǵĹζʳǸԲ󣬰ǡôÿһʳĶƯˡ
Ѧһ𰾹ҩ֪ԷѡҩĵַǽЩ˱ʳģһҲǶԷϸѡģѦС۾ʳģζѣ˶˵˿
ܰҩáɫζȫС࣬ʲôζأ
۾ڴһǻһ˿µһ죬鲻Խһ£֪ΪʲôٰܳǵһҲ֪ΪʲôЩ˻ӵŶôһСࡣ
ֻΪζ̫óˡ
һʳˣҲô࣬ȥDԵõһǼ˿ܿóˣֿ˿˿İ˱࣬ûʲôƫãһ£Ӧþһһ𡪡
Ȼȴޱȡ
𣬲ͬѰǹ˵ĸоǰ˶ǿȥ𣬶תһƺǴʳıɢĸоǲ֪ôֻ˵зӵʳȫϵǡôǺ춹޲ףǻǹԲȫû˿ͻأĽϳһ塣
ֻǣݼţȴַ·룬ᣬ벻᲻ޱĥˡ


30 δ
˺ü࣬һԵѦ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ̲סССʵζô
ʮֲٰһ׷£Ѧ۾ԼĿ佱
ǡǡDأڱĿ죬ʳ֮Ѧͨͨʼ٣Ѧʵ֪ⲻʳǿƲס
һ£ʵڕDûԼ࣬ʼ뼦˿⡭ǣֿѦСӵʤһ
Ѧһ⻰ֱҪĻˣҲ٣ֻ֪Լտʼ˵ĿƣѹҲѹȥǲԾҪǿ¶ǳǳС¶˵顣
ƳԷλεСУ۾Ҳ̲סĸֳЦ⣬ԭһ˫һۣԵøˮ·һȪӯӯˮƯƵһꡣ
费ֳŨֻ࣬ƺӺóˡ
һ˸ղҽ﷢飬㿪ʼѦ飬ǼҽݵĴأ
ѦϵЦݵˣСжʧˣ¶һЩȵɫоʮֵĲ˼֮ǰڸʱ򣬻˵ԼǼ￪ҽݵСӣ򡭡ʵǼҽѾٹرˡ
ңҲ̫ԸЩߺòٰһε裬֮ǰҽ򣬿ǲɣǰЩӶˡ
Ҫ뼸´ҽءκξ벻ˣ뵽˹ԷҲ뿪
ϾҽõĴ򲻺ңԽҽûд˿
Եͷ֮㲻ɫİʾǼҽôȷʵҪҸҽĴ
Ѧ鱧ŲյСƵĵͷ֪Լ϶ҲĴ
ѦСӲԸ̸Щε飬ŬЦĲ⣺һٰɣҴСٰ֪ܶĵطҪҪܽܡ򲻽ĻҲԸĴ䡣
赱ȻǲģЦǴҪڷٰúιһҽճٰûҵʵ֮
ҪԸĻЪҼҽݺԺһſأǰʺϢѦһԷôһ˵ʶ룬֮־Լ̫ΪеǿѣѦһ˲Ļ磬֮˵ȥĻǲ˼ҲԷҽҽ
Ĵҽҽ뱸Ǳطࡣ
仰˵ѦȴСһףͻȻ˶Է˵ҽβĻϽȵʵҲصġ
迴һ˴ŬԼĻӦԵüУסףȵͷһ࣬ٻ˵Ҳδɡ
ţѦסˣδʲô˼뵽Ǹ˼С̽˼ǣٰʱ䣬Ըڻشҽ𣿡
˵ͷϵ룬᣺ºѦС࣬ҲǳСӵ飬ԸͶұֻҪĳٰҽô򡣡
桭İѦ鼸Ҫɵ˵ͬһͻȻڱεɵӡ
֣ףȻԡ
ϵѦһֽŶ֪ôˣϵıŹ֣һҪϲȴֲұģմСܵĽʱӦøǰü䣬ϿҵȰ䡰ˡȻ䡰ˡͷǧһʵ˵
ΪҪԷ˵ڵ仰
Ѧ˷ܻˣھȥܼȦڴϷ£Ȼʵ޷磽ϵļ顣
ѹֿϲκѹֲס
󣬱㿪ʼѦһιۻشãҲԺ󼴽Ҫĵطһٰʮִҽݡ
شԭǼðãѦ汲ҽݣϰĴУپ޺ҽκۻ룬Ӳҩ̨ҩҸȫ⿴ʮŷҲ֮ǰǼҽݵٰõҽݡֻΪҽ޵̫ƯˣΪϰ꣬ҽȻԵáʮ㡱ӡ
ſһһŵҩ񣬼һǽϣȫغɫҩվڹ̨ߣһ룬ץһζӣڱǰᡣ
һԵѦ㶯æʵô
תͷ
ѦСӣʱѾû֮ǰĿϲԴʼιҽݺ󣬾ϱһȴ쵼ĵС±ִ
躬Цһ׵Ʒĺҩ
佱ҩĺѦҲɵЦˣЦ۲۵ģһ͵ʳɹСһʵ̲סԷͷ
Էīмѣһֻë޵Сһ
Сҩ軹Ҫǿϼ֣ȴۣʵǡϲĽ
뿪ҩߣǺĵطٹȥ̨Ѧһ̨ʮڵܵ棬һʾȥԡ
̲סҡҡͷе㲻̫ܵסڡ
򣬸оôϲĻȥһס
鷳ˣҾѾʮֺʡľϣͷƳһվһԵѦ顣
Ѧ̲סЦˣܵӵĶ棬ӣװɲ˵ӣһڰϣޱȣһԵɫѪӨ׵ѩ֮£ԵüȴƯ
躬ЦһۺҲʰɫװһλǳصϴģ̧Īеĳ룬ŰָڶԷϣʳָ²飬κüͷ
Ѧ״ҵʲô
ʱִּ羪ףʱϸƴꡭʵǲ˵̾һ·ʲôĲ֢һ㡣
Ѧ΢΢ſ죬ʣ˵ʲô˼𣿡
Ρ
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Ѧ飺
Ǵ򣬻̫ˡ
һҩڡ
ȥҩڣ
ҲȻ
ѦȻջԼ֣ĹĵС࣬ˣʱʧЦ
ˣȥһطɡ
̨ȥңվǼ˿мŴ̲סĺЦٿԱߵˣѵҪҪȥԣͨͨҲһҽҽ
䣬̧֣ĶԼֱѦ飬ֻĸָУֱһ롣͸Ǽ֮ϣһ˵Ĺ⡣
Ѧʿˮٵҡҡͷ
ðɣ㲻ԸǾˡ
ȥ˼ҩңԼҽݵĺԺҽݵĺԺǸεԺӣԺӵ߶᷿Թز˾סȻӿտҲһҲûСԺӵмһھмƯĹͺ֮ģ»һϢõСͤ


31 ӷ
ѦʰɾһµľСݣҽʱס
ƿǼӣΰ֮ļҾȱҲʮֳӣĵ˵ͷߵ˴£ʱľѾ̺˱졣
ڱӺͷһ£ֲûһϤһʱ֮䣬Ҳ֪ʧźʲôġ
ڴϣһߵ⣬·ֻǵָ֮䣬ǿҵƣϮϴԣ˯˹ȥ
ѦȥԺС￴һȦ󣬾ת߹ȥԷķţ¶һС죬ѦſűߣϢĽȥŶԷһƿţȴɻķƺûˣȻϿȥʱÿ˴ŵİˡ
Է˯ˡ
ѦԼĺĵŲӿԷĴߣվڴߣĿ˶Է˯գѦ鷢˯֮˯ʮֵĹǶĿһ߷ǣԵʮ㡣Էīɫķ˿ɢͷϣʱٱ˯ŵʱɺÿĲ˼飬һһĪܹԵĸо
Ψһϧľǣ۾ʱ򣬿һ˫Цһ
ѦɵɵЦһ£ԼգվԭҲ֪˶ãʳ֪ζᲽ뿪˷䣬СİѷŴϡ
֪ǣڷŹϵһ̣ŵ۾
ᳶЦһº±۾һ˳˯֮С
ķѦͱ˴һֻæµС۷䣬˰ҽϸϸ´ɨһҲ˵߻Ҫ׼һӷ硣
һεٰһӷɲҽ컹һפǼҽݣҹþƺò˿϶١
ǰӽѦСӣǿ϶ôһȥٰõľ¥һݻɽ亣ζȻڵѦСӣûаǮ˵ǻǷһծͺѰˡ
ֻߣԼˡ
ѦСܴصѦƹţѦСϽСܴȻҪȥ£ŴС˵СܴȻöȥԺץҪ޳֣ץŶ
СܴһͣҲССӣⲻ̫ðɣǷ㡣
ܺóԵġ
СܴⲻǺóԲóԵ⡣
ѽСܴûµģһﲻֵᷢģҵǰ;¡
СܴǺðɣҵȻͽȥ졣
ţץ˰ֱȥҽݣˡƺй˼㣬ҲһȥɣƺкܶʵϺʡ
ҵļҲҪһֻСѦüģƺҪ׼ܶණȻط䣬ʳ飬ٸʵ߻һ½ϵϯ
һӵϯȲʲôĿ϶٣ʱʵزˣƯҲǲٵģԼŨĸʳʲôҲҪ֣йӺ;ˮ˵ˮĻѦȻСܴȥµһѩڳ̳ŵӾҲŪһ
СʱЩɣСܴȥţȻſڻϣһҪء
Ѧ˵֮󣬾͸СܴϷֿȥԵ顣ƹһصԼķ˳ְѷŴϣСܵǰѦٵķ飬һһ֮ñдһݲ˵дİֽۺãԼСɰȻ߳ţȥĳһȦ
ճûãײơ
һԼҷС۶Ѧ飬Ͻסϡһĵһ䣺ϡͰϡͣ첻ҽţôԸؼ
ǲҽݿȥˣˣ
Ѧҡҡͷܰҽݿȥ
ȥƾʲôȥЦһͳһǷѦǰ˻ΣöԷĺӡҴ󿪳ƾ㰾𣿹㿪ҽݣɲ̣СǿˣҽûУʲôȥ
Ҳ˵ֱ˵㣬ѧҽǸģЩҽ˰ɣ㰡±ӣ±ӣҲβ˲ԣҲ㰾ܿࡣ
Ѧͷƫһߣĺһ
ðﵹҪ㻹ܾáͬһ˦˦Űȥˣ·ݣǲæµʱڡ
Ѧ鱻һͷˮĹĵС԰һȦܵزͽ˳һѶ̲裬ǰ̲裬ٰļƷҶ˳ߵһѣǼƷеļƷǴǼģǼҵĲ԰һֻöʮֵǲơ
ǱЩҶײҲ²⣬Ѧܴſӡ
ѦѲҶŽɾİɫСŲҴҵ뿪Ѧžȥ˻شá
˻شúԺѦķСԾȻͣһùϣδֻɫӥǰӢ˲Ǵ
ϵİӥѦ飬ǽһϲ⣬Ҳˣʮ˷ܵĴϷѦȥ
СѦǰϣѦӣȥֻûʲôڲٵСӥǵĲ˲ֱѦѩ׵ëǸˣ˯أǲҪȥˣǶ˰ɣ
СĶ˶ֻҪԣȥԼˡ
ѦһЩ廨ιСԳԣС̵ĳ⣬ɣͷˣҰųȥ档
СιҽݺԺСҪ׼ʳҲѾѦȥϴ֣·ߣӣͿʼղˡ
⻹һôˣеս
ǰѦҲżһˣûһ׼һϯ
ϯ˵ӵҲʮָӣǰĲ׼ľѦĶ̲裬ĵģۻӸ⡢ͽ˱ۻǼԭеģӸѦʮóģɵĽ˱õҽһƼʽˡ
Ѧǰ˲۽۽Բ÷ӣƴһ̣һСͽܲθ
һȰϣԼһСţҺҽΪ˼ҩҩС¯ǲȱġ
һҶѬϺʡҶӡ㡢һ̽˿ʱ߲˴㴻㶹ݫģСľ⼸ˣһȻʮˣȴҲ鷳ѦҩĵѿغܺãʳĵİѿظãüͬУʱõȱ
˯˴죬һܳܳΣĴϸ鲻һε򻨹ȣһڸһ֣ѹǰһĻһϴƵˣΧϱϱϱ
ˡ
ϵ۾ʶʱ̾ŵ˿ƯŵһŨҵĲ㣬ķ磬ʱŨʱӹ˵ǰͺ̵ĳӭ


32 ˼ζ
еĳθɷ羰Ĵ˼ε졣
ӣӴԼ֮󣬱߳˷ţѭŨҵĲ㣬һ·ҵСȥվСſڣÿ˹¯ææѦ顣
ѦʱһɫĶԽСӱȽխǳжԭһͷīɫ˱Եøɾ䣬һƯСڵı¶˳ĶͷƯʱΪæµСԵʣĶϴŵϸȴͷϵƤԵþӨ͸һƯĺɫɰӵɫޡ
ƽǰͷûˣĲҲ¶˳޳ľƫͷʱһʮֺÿĻȣǵ΢΢ͷʱһĲո˿覴á
ڳ˼£˵ע⣬ѦſڵȻƫͷһſڵʱס۾һϾͳЦ̣Сϣִ֮˵СŴѹ˰
ţʲôأ
ڡ˰򣬽ϸһӷ磬ŶɲҪ
Цҡҡͷôܻ
ߵѦߣѦо˶ԷĿЩ̫˼Ͼþˣһӵζʵǲüˡ
ȥСŰɣ󲿷ֲѾպˣȥա
Ѧ뿪ȴûŲԼĽŲָ̧ѦĲһˮѦһ£ֻоֻȵƣϹβһ¡
ЦĴָϲСմϵۣ٩һ䣺մˡ
͵ʳСèһ
Ѧôһ˵ϽתȥϴͳһСӣ裬Լչչȥġ
裺
ƺͦġ
֮ѦƮҿһۣǲϿǱߣǶԱߵߴٵôȥ
ȥģ
ȥСԲѾʮˣϾͺáǶˣǿȳţõҵġ
ôУһȥ˭仰˵ڣڴʱĳһʱ˵Ǵﴫġ
裺û취̫ŨˣⲻܿƵ˵ķӦ
ѦһЦ˳죬ʵ뵱ЦģʵǿƲסԼı飬û÷ˡ
Ц֮ѦȥǱһ뾫µСӳȳŵθ
ѵԾȵĽӹ˶Էĺ⣬ҿĸӣֺɫҶӣЩҶ״Сʮ羫£һһ·ǡô滹һСβͣԵɷǿɰϸϸһ£ƺŽĲ㡣
һֺСȣһƤԼܹһ⣬ڽҧһڣֻһǳĲɢµҶڴ֮չԭŵɬζͱһζ˲²˵ζ٣׽ȥֻо㣬ϡǵ÷Ĳζ
֮ٵͷʣµһӣڱ¶ڿУǹЮı̻ɫ㣬Ʈ磬ŵ͹⣬ɫ
һƵѦߣʾԷҲһ¡
ѦֻҲһӳһڣǿĵ˵ͷʾȥվţҪˣҪǲСĵʱ˵ĿڸζͲһˡ
Ѧˣڰҩҩ׷£һ;׷£ײ³ˣһʼζȣʮרעеʳĴľƾʱǡô
豻ֻ֮ĬĬĶӣڳſڣƷеһζ
ѦеĲ˶ɺȥС任һոµĵɫѣͷһ飬һС￪硣
ԲϵʮɫһǳĲ㣬˵ĵ˿Ҳ㷳壬ЩֵǮĵȻҪеĲҶϺʡҶѬԼһҶӣֻΪõĲҶѦصı˳ľ̲裬˵ļҶֵļ۸Ѿȥľ¥Ϻü١
ƽ˼ҶôԵġ
еǵϺʣѦѡʻĴϺַСϺʣЩϺʸѩƯԴһɾζƺЩƯϺɫӨƮŵĲ㣬׵Ϻ׺̲Ҷɫˣűµʻζ
ȳһϺʣϺһڣһɵĲ㣬ûһɺܵĲ㣬֣оЩ֭ѾϺȫ͸ȴ˿ҲûиǹϺԭԴǹӵ嵭Ĳζһ
Ĵҧϣ㣬Ϻʿڸд൯ܹҧȴִŻˬ֮УгŵŵĲ㣬ظһƬϺһϵζ٣ʵ޷֮ζ
ζô
̾һ˼ζĸ⣬Ѿ벻Ĵˡ
ϲ𣿡
ȻϲģѦСӵ˾ޡ
Ϻ֮󣬽ԱߵǵҶѬϺʵʲһѬ˵ģ㣬ÿӼһɫļ⣬ƤһƯĽɫһɴ̼ζٵѬζѬζУִһɲҶ㣬֯һһںϡ
ѦԻƿؼ۵ļ⾭ѬƣѾζȴɻ۵ĿڸУƤɫȣõĽɫ˵⣬Ķ֮Уŵζ۵ļУɫƤ໬ɿڣͲ壬͸ŲҶصĸʽϸۣЩԣ֮䣬ƺŨ֭ˮ
ٳԱߵǵ㣬ڼõˮɣûаζϸ𣬿ڸоѣſɿڵ㣬˿˿ζȥ̺һֻڴ仯

ѦÿֻڣѾԱˣԲϣֳ°ͣ˳ԡ˿ţҲϰˣθ˿θڴ󿪣һӵζȣȫԽ˶
ϵĲȱɨյһɶԼһȥ
ѦˣЩĵʵ򣬲˻᲻еˣҪҪˣ
裺
ѾˣлѦСӵĿʵѾˣû취ѦСķ̫óˣͣꡣ
ٷʢĽӷ磬ɫѾȫڣѦעһʱٲᣬҲؼˡ
ҽݣŶԷવҹɫжɫʧеʱӣѰ׳԰׺ȰСԻ˳Ѧȥ
ֻҩӥȻһ쵽ҷȥһ겻ôֵǮĲҩ⣬һöûУСΪһֻݵӥ㾭ֵ³ԱҲһֻצݣǿ׳ȭŹĸߴӣֵҲֲô


33 
СӦһ֮һȦʧķſӰ֮£޴Ӱӹٶȼ죬쵽׽ӰӣԽԽߣǿʰ˹ȥ
ص˵ͷ߻ҽݣѦ뿪֮ҽֻʣһҽҹĻƣżֱҽݵĴŸˡ
ҽŻƵ򣬰ɫһɻѾõҩ㣬ҩ㲻֪˶꣬㣬һڽֻ˾
˯ãڵ辫ĺܣһƣߵҽݵĺԺŲԶĹżһ㣬˱շݶ
һֳ°ͣбϣҿƷ⣬ͷһ㴼ļ𣬴ʱҹĻʹŨīɫɢɢƬīɫĻУһƬֻżĳȸԶСֵܵ´ŻδϨĵճһƬΣŷ
ֺһеƣϸϸƷֻڵƣˮζǸɿڣʵǲɶõƣҡ
ƾ˵ĳСġ
ѦСѧͨҽСľóҩҩĳٰһĺ࣬յһ޲ڵĺòˣľ˼𡭡
žţֻ֪ղϯԹζȣ̾һǵðһͷЩ˳ԶˣԺٳԱʲôˣ᲻ʳ֪ζ
ѦլѦҽݵ·̲ԶѦźɫĵ룬ȸԾޱȣżܺ߳ײŵͯҥСһԵСܴ䣬ҹӵȻԷȷǸȫ
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صԼļңܾĵģ·˶ûУԭ黹ŵѦ飬ȴʼоеղ̫ԣԼߵʱȴؾС·ϣ·ϵԱ߻վһŵѾߺСˡ
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ȥСү֮󣬰⼸ҶȥԼıֵ̲ߵСѾߣ֮͹ȥ
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ˣü̵أϳɡ
Ƶͷ˲ҪʻǰƿӣæĶ
Сү岻ʣһҪϽҸ
дɣ˸ҹڳӱߣɱٰҵˡ


34 
峿Ľֵʮְ·һƬããԶβһƬֵĽвŶţżмİһŰſڲӭҡҷĻӡѦ鲻ԽĴ˸ǷѹһһĻ˯һҹ޶û˯ʱȫƣˡ
ȵȣת䡣ԭڻ˯еѦʲôƵģó˸䣬ȱȥҽݣֿŴҵỊ̇ȺӣŴҵİٰ߰ˣõǵʵ⣬ζҲʮֲѦżȥӳԡ
ЩСɣһСȭͷôһʮѦʮӦù˰ɡԼСܴˡ
ѦСӣôôࣿŴЦŰæȺӵ˹һ̵Ũͷ
ţΪһ˳ԡ
Ŵ壺
˿ԼİӣôʮӣӦòֻǶһ˰ɣ
Ѧ鲻˰ӣ˳Ŵʵ廨⣬֮󣬴Ӻ͹ͷԼСԵרҽſʻȥ
ҽݵʱҽݵĴѾˡÿնú磬ʱ˳ҽݵԺһ书ҽݵĻƽȫˣһȥҽݵĴŴ򿪡
ѦӹСܴݹҽȥСܴæѵӣСĵ㡣
һϣѦϥǿɲܣϥࡣ
ģûµģСܴȻҽݣȥԺιС԰ɣЩҲ֪СһԡţӦǹ˰ɣΪȽŵľ۸лûˣѦ·ʱСģȻƽ·ãһ̧żϥǸʹһĴ۸У̲סĳһ
ҽԶűҽڹ̨վŵʱְѳѹȥѦŬάĲѻŵҽݵĹ̨ϡ
԰Ӱɡ
˹۲쵽Ѧ״죬۾һƬڣһƣ̬֮Էϡɵüͷ㲻Ҫ򡣡
ҡֻʱ˳ġѦ̧ͷȫͷؽģǿס壬ҿóһСǾӨ͹֭Юһ鵭ɫ⣬Ѧͷһ֭Լʱöˡ
۾һҲɣζĺܺóԡ
ҲŵһȷʵܹθĲ棬ǹһθտյˣҲһƤСҲѦһԣֱҧһڣӰƤһζƮŵĩ͹⣬ֻ֭еζ඼ʣٵͷҧһڷ۰׵ڣļŵ㵯ԣ˱İƤһʱһζŷ
Ȼʮֺóԡ
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һôһ˵ѦæС׵״̬гŬҡҡͷô˯أ˵˽軹ҪҽģҡҪ˯һߣôҲȿҳҽ˵ʵĺʱ򣬡Ϊ̫ˣԲ˯ţһ뵽ܸҽкöš
Ѧ⻰٣ҹȷһ϶ҽݺĳˣ˺óһʱĸ⡭
İڳ꣬ϴ֣ӲϵˮգСܵҽݴҽܱϣü飬Щڻᵽһ滨ľСǰ͸ѧʼƵģ鿴֡
һԷҪʡ⡱Ȼһͷۣ԰ӵҲǸһ
ȰҪʵľһ£ȳӰɣùңѾԺˡ
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Ǹͨʦʦýҽ赹ʲôڿһ춼ƣۣȻĳѦСá
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ȶԷ֮ɡ
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Сֱܴ˵ǡˡֻò׷ʣϾ˼ҡѦҡļ£һİˡôȥ̽
Ȼ֪Сܴ˵ʵȴһĲ
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ҽݵĴſãҲûһţеٰˣ֪شãǸרעҽݡ
ҡҡͷûвˣҲеĺܣҩԼץ˲ҩģźʵҩģ߽ҽݵҩҡ
Ѧһ˯˿ʱ˸תѣѹ֮󣬻Ǿûģʮƣۡ
ˣߵ˶Էߣóһ֬࣬մһɫĸ壬ĨѦ۾ܱߣѦȻԷΪʲôôʵʵɶԷĨȥʵôˣ
ԭģѦ̧ʵֻ̿ǰѩļϣбӡ˺Щīɫȥϸһ䣬ǡ²еǰ֣ӡѦıߡ
дЦ⣬ûʲôһ£۾èˣס


35 ʧ
ȻѦ鲻֪èǸʲôݣһû˯۾ܱȷʵ̫ѦƽϢãһ˯ģͨ˯ˣڶİҹӦء
ҩҲ֪ʲôģȥ۾Χͷ·ƣƵģǳַҲܺãһһָΧƤĴȦ˲һĸоֻ۾˯һ
ţѦҲôˣ۾ʵʵıһҩࡣ
վһԣʵʵ۾ģһֻɸСȻֻСԭòƤףپ£ЦջССʱұСеλãȴӡһī֣ʵǡ
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죬ǿסЦ󣬳ѣþӳԼһա
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ҪҽһεĻڵ׼ӣǿֹסЦ⣬δҪѦѧҽҲǲԡʮֻӭ
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ͷҩȷʵǳⷽӣǴһʦ￴ģȰҹڶ롰ˣ򻨹ʦʦ࣬һĶĺܣϲоһЩֹҩЧķӣĿһЩˣͲǵġ
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Ĭһûп˵Ϊ⵽ѦĶװûп
ѦԷûǵ̵º󣬲ɵ÷ʱߵϥ϶Ĩҩ࣬׻˴룬ɵҲ࣬ʵҩİ
ͻȻֵҩʮֺ棬ǵһַ۾ߵǺǳɫҩܻ࣬ȥ۵ڣվӵʱƺ۾ҲñƽÿˣҲ֪ǲǴ
ģõҽҩģҪϲĻЩ͸㡣
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ЦЦ˵ҪҪɡ
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ȥҾԲȥҽݣƭ˵ġ
ҲҪȥ򡣡
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סٰѰ·һ˼ңҵţźұʮжǸľ֣ҲͲеˣмأӡźұÿŰڳй䣬ҲգֻëˮףҲû̫һͿʼԣǵҹʱ򣬾͸ɿȲֹȵ÷ǳ
ϱжӶϱȫȰ˵ҪҸźұƫƫϣĴ˳ȥΪҽĴ
źұʱùز˺Щ򣬳ҩҲ˲ӹҽȫûаѲκãȵһ죬źұҩȫ֮ĲȴĪĺˣʱźұͿʼҽĴҲԸҴ򿴲
ӹҽһЩ߰ҩⲡԼá
ǿȼѣͺˡ
һʼźұ˵ģǺҹԽԽأԱߵϱַ˯֮Ǵ¹ȥɲãϱӺͶϱȫסˣһҪȥҽҴ򿴲
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żҵ˻ûüһϲȴźұȥҽǰɣǱ߻شþˣߣǽȥ
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36
شã
ż֮ȫɫһ㶣ǻشõȷǸҽݣǡȫٰǵ˼֪شûд򰡣
ȵȣôԣţҪȥã
ǰȥðɣƵҽʮָ

źұһ֣˵ȥҽݵǣ˵ȥǣԵȥȥֻȥشá
仰ֱشǱߴ˹ȥżҵסֻøһشǱȥʲôźұӦȥҽݾһ¡
źұ޿ֵ̤˻شãֻ˫ȸ׵·ҽżʱС۵ܣźұȥȻͻؼɴϢ
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ѦһϲǰҽûʱѦҽˣҽһôǺ޲öˣȻεģҲܵȥ˽ҽβϾҽݣǲҪš¡ĺá
ѦϽѳƻȥԼӹ̨ܳӭȥÿһǰһ߽żĿˣźұϱԼӶϱҽ𣿡
ż˿ҽðƯС˫ŶԷӦþѦҽݵߣǰٰҽѦСѦ飬ǼҽЩ꾭Ӫʵ͸ù˵ģҽûУ治֪ΪʲôҪҽݸš
ոĳˡ
ٰ;ϢС˫ѦϾͻһǸ뿪شãȥٰҽݡ
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źұ仰˳ǣļ˲û飬ϱƴݺԱԥᡭ涮ҽ𣿡
˵Ǹ
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źұĶ䶯˶ѱ˵Ļս˶תһȦǰᣬһʣԷ涮ҽ𣿹ҲβĲβ˾͸ˣüģźұ¾˵һΰɣ
ͷ˴ȥңżҲںš
źұι֮ƿ·ϵˮ̧֮ȴźұһ²ؼ߸߹𡱵ģ·ò˲Է˿ҲԼĲ飬һԵżˣ𼱻ǵѯʣôʲô𣿡
Ρͷҿˣϸ죬λҪ̧ˡ
źұŵĵɴ۾ʲôʲô˼
ԭҲˮʪͣ¸׵Ĳ֢ʪɣֻ֢״Ѿһ˰ɣڼ䣬ϲʳ壬ڲԽԽأղſҽſڵʱǲǾ˫ȸǦһأǽ״жʹǳ
ٵȼ죬׾Ӧó׵жˣЩʱգѾ˵˸ҽκˣԺҲҪж
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Сϳɴ󲡣Ժ岻ʣӦüʱβźá
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Ű㿴㲻
ǰ㻹Ѵϳȥʵ̫Ӧˡ
ǾǣӦβ

źұȻҲЩԼȣ˼˵䣬ҲЩ̫ҲҴѲأѵ˴򣬾̰Ѳκã
Ȼܸ̰Ѳκãڣһܸκá
дһҩѦ飬ȥץҩԼźұȥң˼룬źұ̫ʩ룬Է״ĸʹɼʽ˲٣󣬰Ѧץҩ˳㰾һҩ˸Է
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˻ȥʱźұƲģһ仰Ҳû˵ϱι󣬸оôҲ
оôǸо̫ˣŲ˵
һҩȥ֮źұԸо࣬ϵĲҲ˳˲٣ǹʹĲʸʧˣңԴĹҲˣһźұǵһθоʡ
Ȼûʹʱ˸ˡ
ֻ˼룬һҩϵʹʧ˴룬ôһܹ˵ĿʹΪʲô
һȲףǰҹʱ򣬲ʸǿƵģҹﻹҹ԰죬Ūҹ£òǱĿӣһ£ϸͿˡ
Ϊʲôȥ
źұȫ룬ҲΪʲôʾǺڣ䡰ڡʱǾԲż˵ģΪû
ż˻ȥ֮ΧھӾ̽Ϊղż˳ŵʱ򣬿ֳ˺ܴ̣˶żѺźұȥҽβû¸ɵĹǣ͹ϷˣôȥҽûУʲô
ȥҽˣҴοҩ
ףŸˣôԸȥҽݣǰӲŰĴϳȥ𣿡
Һͽ廹ϱţŰͽҽݡ
ȥļҽݰ
ǻشá
شãǸѦСӿĻشãƽĸ
ǰ
ɩӣҿҲǻͷɣشûд򰡣ôҩ
ǲ֪ɣشһĴģúܿҽҲ


37 Ȼ
衿
Ƶ㣺467
ʱİʮ߸ʱ
֮ǰһ·βƵ㣬ڷҽʮˣ֮˶Ƶ̴ϵβҲ׬˶ʮƵ㣬ڻʣİٶ㣬ԻʮҲԱİٶӡ
ոոźұβ˺һƵ㣬Ƶ˵ҲǿпޣϾʣºܶƵԹ룬ٰ¶βҲǳŵסġ
ڻشһôΨһĸоǡ
̫ˡ
ҪӦĲѦСľڶԷҽѦѧĺ棬̵Ҳ棬ֻЧ±ɡ
ǰÿοѦľɵģʱ򣬻ͷۣȻȴѾϰˣĦԼ֮ЧĽڰ취¶Էͬһ飬üͷһ£赹Ҳֵͦģз˲Ȥ
ǣˣûڽڵĹУѦҽûʲôԳԼҽӾˡ
Ϊøǳ׶Ļ͸Ѧһ򣬱ҲĥǰĲҽ飬ΪãʱԳ츳ˣɨһȥΪ˽ѦʱĪʳĹ⣬ҲЩȥã˼ȥĻԼҽԼЩιʵ
һͨͨڸѦ齲ҽʱѦû⣬ȴоԼԭءˣֶҲ˵ʲôоҲʲô֪ʶڤڤ֮Уҽˡ
ҽһ춼ûʲôˣȥˣҽҽľֻźұһˣѦյ˶Է𣬰ҩǮһ߰ǮȻһӣҲǮͦĵģϾҽĽء
ѦһŸС̲ȥܵԱ˵һ¸Ǯأ
ҡҡͷá
ѦľֻܾǱġŶһЩɥıСתԼȻŵٰʱڻشﵱô򣬿ǶԷһٰһء
˵Էȼˡ
ȻҲûҪǮ顣
迴Ѧ鱧СįתģʧЦ
費ҪǮѦСӸѾ㹻ˣβϵҽϵͳԶᷢһƵΪˣҲ̫ҪǮơ
˸Ǹ̰Ƶزū
ʡǸܼӡ
Ǹ©ףר©Ǯģ裬ƵɣһǲǮƵһµģоͻûҲ
ֻԴٰ֮İܼԷӲǰʳΪ죬ǮˣԺٲˣصζԼƣͳͳȻסҽҲȷʵûаܼҵĻᡣ
ÿε˷ʱѦѦĳ͹߰˵ˣԼҽݵС߰˵ȣһҲиʮȣлصȫУСôһˣʢ쳣
Ѧʦ͹ģ඼ٰʱ˵ĲȣмѼǲȱȻݣȴҲƽ˼ԵġѦλʦնϾѦĵѦʳ俼ҪܸߣĳʦվԲͣƼ޸Ѧô꣬Ҳ˿ζĳʦϵȵġ
ѦĲˣζڸоѣ˴һһ۵ģǾԼеʳĵȻжȣóԻİѿأ⿵ĹУСƣȻֱ֪ΰʳĺϷӵ¡
С÷ˣǰһʢȵѩ״̰ڳһԲȦ˿ɽҩ񡢶ӡӣ⡢㡢˱Ѽȵȣ̵ĶУһ˿ɽҩģǺÿɽҩõϸСɽҩԲԲɽҩһ͸Ө˿żһ˿ɽҩһҧһ˿ϸĿڸɢ˿дŵԼ첻ᣬ壬ٺζɽҩϣǺóԲˡ
ɽҩĴСҲøպúʣɽҩˣԹѵɽҩˣ壬ΨǡôĽţʣɽҩƺǬӲɽҩм䣬һõɽҩǣɽҩǵĿڸУһζɳɳУǶɳһȴֱȶɳҪʵһЩ
⡰͡ǣ˿ɽҩζֳ˲θУǲ˿ζ֮лζʶѵɽҩɳɳ⣬˳壬ǸоȤζ
ǰһӷʢĲȣǲԼĸ̾Լǲǵˣǰ򻨹ȵʱÿԵʿǵı׼ֲ͡赭֮ҲɷǣȻȻԵñƽĵӶö࣬ͦȻסģֻҪȥһ˶٣ͺףҪˣǾġסϾͨǳԲôġ
֮󣬸ֵطľ¥ȥ٣ɽ亣ζЩƼǳңȻУȴ࣬Ͼ·Լʱ򣬳ͷձյҲ١ܳԵõÿÿ廨ŵʮɫкüĳġ
ųţ鲻Խ̾һʱеΣʶνɼףѣӵ̫ˣˡ
ô̾ѵǷ˲Ͽζ
һ£ĵǹֺϿζˣԲ̾ǣҺ⣬ҾǾÿѦСдв
ô࣬ӦþҪúлл򡣡
Ҳ˵Щˣ򲻷Ϸ²Щģ
ָ˼ˣǱߵ㡢˿ɽҩӻټϱϵܲӦþ⼸ɡ
Ѧ۾һǴϲãޱȻϲûȫ˵ˡ
һ飬ֻҪζȷˣܰѦĲϳϾѦʱĸ˷ǼҵĳʦвֻͬҪıϣֱܷ
ѦȴЩĲ˱׼ȷϳǳˣȵ˷ˣСЪһѦĺõĿʼˡ
ʱ֪Ѧ࣬ĥ˵ģʱҲЪһ󲻶ϴ㣬跭ȥһԼ书ֱϢԼŲǹ˵ζ
ɾŲҲͦĥ˵ģŲȴóζ
ֻҲܵѦߣɲ֪Ѧ鰾ôõ࣬Լɰмˡ
غţһˡ
ֵһ࣬ϴεǸ룬Ǵɰ࣬ͱҽݻ̧ſȥˡ
شֿʼˣȥɣ
ȥشȥ
ԭͥҽſڣּȺʼŶ࣬иʮ꣬˳࣬һ꣬վҲվȵĵڵϣʹѣͷϾ亹


38 Ѻ
Ⱥ˵ڵϣԼĶӣ۵û˵ˣϵ˲ը˹
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ࣿѵ⣿
ҸҲ࣬û°

ҽ棬ʱԼĴ뻺ĺ࣬ϾҪԣֻܺСҩСļ࣬ȴôһ࣬ʱ˳ȥ϶Ľʺޡ
ˣӣ˵ǵ൹ڵϡ
ڿҽѦ鱻һҲ˻ʣһ࣬Ӳ죬Ѧȥһ鿴Ȼ֪浽׳ʲô£Ѧûġ
Ѧһߵҽſڵʱ򣬾ͿҽżȻһŶʹѵӣȳƣģʹϵͨûʲôŨü۵ģһˣʹıҲ㲻١
ԱΧһȦˣԭˣ··ˣҽſڵһˣƵľۼ˹
Ĵµˣ
߳ʲôˣ
Ѳɺˣ
شãҽ𣿻ҽſں൹صģ
Ѧ鿴ſڵصˣһûӦϵѾߵǸӵߣҸһŹ֣ӵ¸˰ڸоʹԼ۾ʶһЩ
ۣҶӺۣˣҸ򰡡һ۾ͿһΧ۵ˣûһ
ôôΧ˹
⸹ʹѾһʱ˰ɣ
ǰһ㸹ʹѣҪȥҽݵġӲƵİ仰˵˳
Ա֮ǰˣڷˣԭԵʰ
˾ͳˣӶ۳ˣôܹడϽȥҽҸ򿴿ܵشʲô
Ǿǣܹʲô
ȵȡشƺҲҽݰ
ǻشûд򰡡
̱ڵϵڸоԼĸʹԼЩƵ˵ұҪȥҽݿģⲻǸ·òϻشˣǧѷĻᰡϴζû򵽣ѾһʱˣӺһȥҴӦҲ١
Χ˵ĻȫղѣΪ˺һ࣬嶼
һԵˣҲĳԻλϳ˲֢Ѱļ֢֮ڳӸ׶Ĵ˵ǼβףĲ֢Ҳȥҽȥҽݵ;лǿƵŶӺһ࣬ʵǡ

ΪһڳԵĻȥˡ
ϽȥҸһΰҽſҲ°һŶӺϴү˵
ǰȥиɡ
죬ȥ˽и
Ȿҽݰϧûд򡭡Ҹȥýдȥ
ûƷǸӽҽݣǸӣҲȫɭ뿪ллԼĻƣͿ˰شȥʱͼˣæʵ˵Ҫҽȥʲô
ָָ̧ϵƣѵ㿴ʲô֣
ӺΧ۵ɵɵ̧ͷſڵƣشã
ͷӶشþҽݣǻشõĴСֵܣⲡϾҪŧˣӲãʱ䣬Ͻȥΰɡ
ȫɭǰ˰£һֻ۾ֻ۾ȫһ̲סţǴ򣬿ôŲ񰡣ͱһСɣѧҽˣιٲ
İɣѧҽʮأƹĲ˲ǧˣⲡԸκá豾˵˵ģ˵ʵҲû˻š
ȫɭȻǺܻɣôҲŽҽݣϾղԳԼǸİӣ˼£Ĳʹͼ˲٣˵ԷǸ򡭡
ȫɭ˻ش֮󣬲ŷҽݱأȻһǽҩ񣬱ϿƺǱûҪҩȫǱߵ̨ҲõľȻҽݣȫɭһֵĸо
˵شã˹⣬ûоϡ棬ȫɭһĪȥ̿о
ʱͱҽݶȥģ;ȴȥˡ
شƺҲһҽݣĲҲȷһҽݡ
Ҳûпӣһȷҩⲡ޲ʰܽ޲ʰܽŧһСץֹʹشҩȷϹģȫϺõĲҩΪЩҩıȽϤȷ֪ǵЧãҩøӾ׼ˡ
ֱԼִ򿪼ҩץҩģҽݺļҩ˰ҩˡΪҽݳ¹ʣѦ˼ҩĻգܰҩֺֿãҩҩô꣬տ¯ģһԼ߰˼ҩҲࡣ
Դȫɭҽݺ󣬺ЩҲŽ˻شÿ֣˶桭شþȻдˣȻôһ
ҽ
Ѧҩˣ˸ȫɭȣȫɭŽɵĺȥҩȻѺȣɫıóѿӿҩԭﻹζѹûˡ
˿ҩķӦæˣҩ֮оôˣ
Ѻȣ̫Ѻˡȫɭһֱʿˮ޲һڰѸղźȽȥҩ³ȻƾĽղźȵҩǰʱԵҩȣζѾԲˣֻҩ֮ǰôһζֺ࣬һҩʵǸһִõļ䲻ʸС
µǡҩ֮ǰ࣬õͬҩ롣
Ժȵȥ࣬ƿҩ뷴θˡ
ȫɭɫʱʱףЩԺԼôζ࣬˻ٺȵڶεġ
ιιβҩкúȵģܾˣҩ֮оզһû¸ɿֵĺүүڱ˵ˡ
˵ѺȵģӦЧϾ˸ոտ۵վվˡ
е㱾°ôǰû
һߵȫɭ߼һԷָ׼ȷĿ˺ļҩҩεݼҩѦ飬ץҩСҽȥ¡
ȫɭǰῡĴֹ
ԷлҪ˵ģʣʲô𣿡
ɶҾϣǼҽܲܰʢװҩֿһҩҸо⼸쿴ҩ붼᲻̫
װҩ࣬Ժ඼һӵҩζ
裺Ӧò̫ġ
Ϊʲô
̧ͷҶϵ֡
ǻش֮ǰѾˡ
شҽݣҽֻҩ룬㿴ϵֻרŸ˳ҩ롣
˭Ǽҵҩ뻹װడ
ĵװʢҩһҩ룬˺Ͱҩ˶ͬһˡ


39 
ȫɭƻǸԻתģҲϱӶϻͶ̥ҩǮҩ뿪֮ǰ̲סĳǼҽβܸܲһడôһС࣬ھͺˣʵǲζ
ҽ￴ֵĻˣҲֲ֧ѣҽҪǿ࣬Ҳˡ
ǰǰһࡣ

ҿ˿ѦȻôҪȣ˸طˣţĴѦܾȺˣββǺ߲࣬ϵһвҽΣûҲΪһ
һѾˣȣҲûˡ
˵û֮Ҳֻʧĸȫɭһ뿪ҽݣѾˣЩ彡ˣҲȷʵüҽ档
˶뿪֮󣬻һʮӣ޽ԭҲǹŶȵģһ룬һ˵ˣһΧſȥˣ඼ˣֿˣҲûˣʱʧޱȡ
Ե˶ˣ޽ǰͻȻЩҪҽˡ
޽һֱһ˵֢״Ҳ֪ΪʲôһǰʼԴʱĪоһݵѣΣκģͷ·ǴӴƵģվվȣǹһ֢״ʧˡΪͷ֢޽ٰ򿴹ҲȫҲԭˣֻǿԼӻ֢״ģҲͷҽˡ
İ޽Ѱ˼ţҽˡ´һոտǸʹ֮˵ַԲһé®ˣ˵Ч
ܲܰҿҵͷ֢
תͷԭվȺſֵˣһʮӣеȣһɫѣɫ糣Ͽʲôش󼲲ģ
뵽̨Էһ飬˵õǶʯ֢ʯ֢Ҳ˶Ķʯλͷ
ô𣿡޽ȻţҲȷ̫ϣϾҲٰﲻϴ򿴹ˣҲԹҩȻܹ֢״ͷε֢״ȴɻǴڣûеõΡ
Ѿ˴ҩʮӣԴǰͥĲλѣε
ǰʱµõһҩʼãƺ⣬ǳԵþˣԴεĻΡ
ÿڼԴκģ˵ԼͷĿѣҽźҵǶȰҪҴˣϱӾǸⱲ̤ƽҲƵҡҡλΡ
ͷ˵һѾ˵εĻΡ
޽⻰ȴҲˣʵҪҿʲôӣԼҽôãҲкüͬĴ˲ͬҩЩҩʵҲʹͬС죬޽ܱóˣôĲ֢ҲûܸΡ
ǰҲҩôҲûбҪٳˣΪҲûá
ÿӣҽݵңһõԴ
޽ŽɵĸŵңдˣǰҽҩôãҩԹ٣ҲдģûʲôЧڡǾʱԿЧɡ
ƽԴϣͷ档
޽ôʱĪҪʩ룬Ҳиͷһ¡
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޽ôŶԷָתתȥģûԼԴתΣʵû뵽ǰȻҪôһĪĶٰĴ򣬻ûġ
תôȦҲøԴ˰ɡ
ˡԷȷϹʱ޽ĶʯѾλɹ
ˣʲô˼Ҫ𣿡
˼ĲѾˣİɣˡ
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ڸԷƶʯ֢ͬʱзʪؽʹɴ˳ͨһ¾һЩͨԷڷʪʹĵط
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С࣬ȻǡС롱Ҳ൱Сҩ࣬Ŷ˿ʱõĴ룬һĽʺ޲ó롣
Ժһȥҽݴá
ԭҽݺԺѦˣܹԱȥģƺڿһЩ飬һѾ͸˵İ˱࣬ٿԱߺߵС˫Īһ
죬һ˵İ˱࣬Էʮֹе˵ˣһµģҽݴ죬࣬Է޶ˣ
ǡ
ϵѩѣŵӣϹõͷԱߵ£Ҳֻôգ֮䣬͸˵İ˱ͱһ˱ࡣ
Ȼ·ݣһڱ˿˿İ˱ζǿҲʣŨůθȣƺҪӸһЩɫŵʳŴɿڣΪԵʣƺҪԵøеԣҲƺˡʮֺóԵģһ㣬ǿڸζ͸ˡ
Ѧȥ˼ȥ˺һܵӱ£Ŷ࣬ѦոһֱԥһС¹ʣȻûʲôϵʵҲеϵϾԷҲΪ˺һŵȥҽݡȵȣѦԼҲƫˡ
ǻشñҽݡ
ˣոһֱšԺҽǲǲˣϾҽдҩģҲʼвʵڲҪˣܲ˼ҽݵ̰ɡ


40 Ǯ
Ѧʮԥֳ°ͣǰ裬̲סʵ˵شǲǲˡ
ףȰȥӲ˲죬ŷʵ⿴ԼԸԸϾˣҽҲ㿪ġ
ԼҲ֪Ѧ૵˵ʵһʼҲûҽ࣬ײģాһ࣬Լҵ˳Բ꣬ͷҽ˳ȥˣٰܵ˵׷ϲԴˣѦЩ˵ģԲûֹҽࡣ
ѦŶľҽôأ
Цˣش˭涨ҽֲడ
ҪǲˣٰǵһҲʧˣƶ˵ʧңҿҽҲͦõģ㿴ҽſȸʽһ˳ˡ
Ѧ鱻˵仰Цˣ鲻ԽĲвˣҪǡд򰡣
ǰˣɲǱôѦÿ뵽һʱ̲סΪ˸еϲҲΪԵ֣Ĳ̫ҽࡣ
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Ѧ˾ɶˣ˵ҽͼźˡ
СͷѦľû飬ȫɭĽ飬ҽݵѦʵҩ룬ǲǵһ£в˵ҩȹҩ´ҩ࣬඼ˡ
Ѧɵɵġһ£е벻ͨϵĻǺӵģбҪµ𣿡
ҡͷϾҩֲԼר룬˿ҲӰθڣҾûҪѦСӣ´㣬ؾˣҽݣȻֻҩ
Ѧôһ˵Ҳ͵ص˼ͷޱͬ˵öԣҽݣȻֻҩ롣
̲סЦˣʱԼ˫꣬ࡣ
ôһѦָ˲٣ղҽſڳ£ûһԲˣ̲סоһɣҪֵĺ߼Сǿڶ裬Լǲˡ
ϾѦСӻ֪֮ͦģȫܵСܴǰҺߺߣۺ߶öû£СܴϰԼҹӵȫǰǲҪ֪Щĺá
ǲߺߵĻһֵҲûйѦֻѹס飬裺벻ٺһ࣬Ҳȥ
һ꣬ҡҡͷҽһ๻ˡȻȷǸθҲǸתޡ
һѾ㹻ˣȻֵ˷㣬Ŷӳҹʮζȡ
ǺðɣҾͲˡ˵ԣѦ˲ҲԸˡ
ˣո˵ڹ̨أҪҪȥһ
Ѧ飺ĿУôǮ𣿡ʲôȥһͷ·˵ںǮһ
ش𣺲ǵҵɵӡ
Ȼһ˵ǣϻǲĻصǮҲ֪֪϶ϲҩǮ
Ǯܷȥü֣仹ҪһСԱ߲ģӻôһǮôһˣõ̰Ǹ̵ļ۸񣬶Ҫˡ
Ѧһͣðɣȷʵʵ޷ϵʵ
ϲǮְʲôģͲҲϲѦһʹѦɲһӹںǮˣҲȥˣȻСܴǮ
ЦŶԷһʹģʵ̲סЦ˻㻹ȥɣֻóβɲóһմ˾鷳ˣѦСӻԼȥĿҩǮһЩϾҽԺҪյҩǮɻԽԽࡣ
ʵ軹ͦϲѦŸСǮģԷʱ򣬾һֻСԼҶ
Ѧһ˫Ưķ̲סıŶҽԺҪյҩǮԽԽ࣬һűѹȥġǮ֮ġͻȻ֮׵ľͷƵģ̲סð˳ϾľͷʲôģƯˮϵĶôѹҲѹȥġ
ѦװģĿֵĿһѹס飬ǡһȥɣҽݵĿһҪźá
Ҹ˵ܻ⣬СҸߣĿȾҲǺܻ˵ġ
һȥúˡ
ȥ֮󣬻شٰССһѣַоȫ۷׷ףѰֺ·һô£Щ˾һ˵顣
˵𣿻شõˡ
Ϣˣ˵˼֢֮Ϊ˳һൢ鵹ڻشſڣҵʱڱΧء
˵ǻشõôóô嶼˵ġ
ϣлһأ֪˵Ϻʲô𣿡
ʲô£ҽҴ£
ˣش˸´򣬵Ͱ˵Ĳκˣ˵Ǵᣬģÿɺˡ
һģúÿûãҪҪҽ
˵ҽܸߣ۽Ǹŵģκȼϸ׺һˣҹﻹҹԡ
֪ҾסҸڣܵõĿûˣӦǱκˡ
סۻشǸǴƺе㱾£Ǽޣ·˵ԼͷΣÿκĸһ˺üβͷ֢һˣҶϱǸͶ̥ġش˲Ǻ൹ҽſڣҼҲȥ֣Ŵţ˳Сͷ֢ϣκˡˣͷҲûι
ʲô
һ󣬻ҡͷԵĵԼͷ֢ûã·ʱһʱû£ԼˤѾˡ
ⲻСβȥˡ
ҽٴοҽ޽ʱòЩ˰ˤѾ֮󣬲ڿԼͷ֢κˣѾʵҽʱҲЦеģüЦҵԴתȦͰĥһͷ֢κˡ
ϣҿְɣˤŤˣͷˣ˻
߹һֽۣϵѣڶԷ£ȶԷɱ֮󣬲Ƶջ˵ӣ̨ǱһָˣѾλˣȥǱ߷ҩɡ
λ磬Ժ·ŵ㡣費ҽݿ
˻ôõӴ˰ףͷˡ޽̽ԵĻһֹͷλ͸ʧˡ


41 ͱ
޽ڻش֮żҩߣȻϳŵʱ򣬸հЩͷ֢Ĳҩӵִ˼Ѫҩȥÿ찾ҩ˰
ȥ͸ϱ˵ϱӲŲʲô
Ҫߵʱ޽ͻȻԼճŵʱϱ򼸸ӻȥ޽Щ͸ˣҺ
޽ĲҩֿڵŴӣĸӡ
ӵŴ壬ҲŶ飬ҪƿԷӣȴ޽һϸ˵ģ̲סô°
޽ЦеĸԷ˵ԼϷ顣
Ҳȥո֣û뵽Լͷ֢κˣţҲ֪ģΪͷ֢֪Ҷٴû뵽ȴشκˣҸ˵ҽߣҽˤõϴ£Ͱҹͷˣַһô궼ûļҴı¡
治֪ѦСӣǴҽһλ򡣡޽ô̾һ󣬽ӹŴݹӣתԼҵķȥ
Ŷ鿴Է뿪ıӰȴǰ۾ԥ֮ɫ
Ŷٰ߰İӣһͻݵӣһµСŮһҸƽļͥԴǰʼӴ޷ϾͿʼһֵĲ֢ÿɻʱƣͣ˵ԼûŶΪԼˣô޷ڼҺúϢ졣
ԽϢ޷ϵĲԽԽˡ֫ƣ룬չȻһˮò˫Ҳ޷´·ÿֻڴϣŮūÿչ
һŶҽҩ˺ЩҲȫûоεİ취˲Ǯƣ˲ҩҲûʲôЧ޷ЩҩǮŶΪҽˣŮױ޷ΪԼɷŮ
ϧ©ƫҹ֪꣬ôģ޷ϵĲûãŮϾȻҲʼϵ֢״֫ƣ롣ŶĴŮҴ￪ҩҩҽŮҩȻûټأҲһղһգ߼·ҪͣЪϢֻܸɵɵĻ
ĸŮĲ֢ɽƵѹŶͷҺÿⲻǿӳȥ
ŶǰӴ޷̰̿ڵģһЩҵףڳ̷ųȥ⣬ǰ죬ӺһӣӺŮȥҽΡ
ⲻʰңʹѽİ꣬Ъҵ
ӻû꣬˵ش˸Ĵ򣬾˵ҽܸӡ
ΪҪ޽˵򻹻֢޽ͷ֢ŶҲжţҲԼһҽҩûκãû뵽ĴֻԴתȦ͸һͷ֢κˣ˵ǴַҲͷλֻõ£ùͷλáЩ飬ŶǸ϶Щµġ
˵ԷҲӺŮϵĲ֢
Ŷԥһȥҽ֮ǰش򣬸ԼһҽβˣȥҽҲ١
ǻشáǼҰ̸ڲԶѦҵСӣҲٴΰӡ
ΪҪԶţŶ׼һҷӴ޷ŮūҲھӼҪе׷׳͡
ЩھӶѾ֪ŶҪŮԶҽżǿĺܣúõһڣӸŮȴĲ֢ϧ
ǰҵļǴ·ϳ԰ɡ
ۼҵܲҲϣţףҵҽѲκû˾ͳԲҵˡ
ǰѲκû

յھǵĹģżůģ룬һѽַھǿǴϵĶʲôܲ󼦵֮ģмձԼư֮ĶżжͬʱеЦá
ҪԶ·͸Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
лλַھͣŶӸм뿪ЩӣϣҰæһ·ݡ
żҵģǷ߰ɣ׼ǿ÷ӣҪ˸۾ͷŹ
ǰͷ߰ɣһ㿴á

ŶһھǸ֮󣬾ͼ뿪ˣڳ֮ǰŶȸ˻شá֮ǰ޽˵شҽ没ŶȻĵ׻ǲ̫˵ʮĴκԼӵĲ֮ǰһ£Ҳʲô
ش˵βˣһԭļƻȥҽ
ڻشſͣ£Ŷ鱧ԼŮ￴ŶԼȴӽ˻شá
ʱĻشﻹһͨĲˣҲε´ˣò˶֪شһĴˣҲв֢СĻԶ·شҽ
ѦϵֿӵŶ飬Էк壬ǣ
ŶЦһѦСӣǻشõأܷҷ˿
Ѧͷ˽ȥ˿ĵطʱպøǰһûҩд꣬ͼѦżҷ޽ˡ
ҩдݸһˣվߵżҷ޵ߣŶӴ޷ƽ̨ԱߵĳϣͿʼ˿
ֹ۲һ¶Էֱ̧Է֫˿жϣԷ֢ѪѪأ֫⿴죬ȴʹϰ
ŶŵվԱߣǰ֮󣬱̲סʵӵĲ𣿡
仰ʳڵʱŶĵ׸Լ񶨵Ļشʵϣ̤شãǰʱľһ롣
öβõĲǰλʲôأ
Ŷ鲻ЩĻ䣬̫ڻشöൢʱˣϾǽջҪŸϸأҪǵʱ䣬ǾͱҪҹɫ·ˡ
ЩӦҲȹ̸βѪҩܷǰȵҩҿ
ŶȻ⣬ǵ˵ͷЩҩţ֣һҩݸǰ
ӹԷ߰ҩһһ˹ȥʵЩҩòӦЩ̵ĴдģЩû̫ķӣֻƵķӹڱˣƽȵģֻǿƲ飬ҪǲС
Щҩһһ֮󣬱㻹ǰŶ飬ǰ˵һͷ߰˳ɰκҷ˵ĲǿԸԣ


42 
Ŷ⻰۾ðϲ⣬ֻҪа취ΣʲôӶԸȥһԡ
Ը𣿡
ŶӴ޷þȫĵ˵ͷҩǶҩ޷ԸȥԡܶĻţʲô˵ãһ˰ˣɷŮ
Ը⣬ǵȻԸ⣬ԣҪôΣ
ھβǰҪ˵ҪõҩһҩҪõ־綾ޱȵĲҩеķҩԵܱ֤ͣ⸱ҩȥ˺޷ܴܲﵽԤڵЧÿҩ
ôһͣŶ鵹Щԥˣ޷ʮŮˣ۾ȴûаԥ˿ҲҩԶݣֻҪܶĲаԸȥԡ
ҽΰɡ޷ֻ˵
ǰĴ޷ʵôƣԼĲ˼ԼȥˣҲνƫƫŮҲ֢״޷ﺦˣԼû޵ŮҲֻһڴϣҲãţʲô˼ء
˵ⲡķ޷ȻҪԣֻҪⷨЧôŮһҲоˣ취ûЧҲΪŮҩˡ
ǷβУ˵ͷ̶ʼдҩѦȥץҩԼְҩԼ׿ڳ֮󣬲Űҩ˵żҷǰҩһǰһֱȥżɩӻ̣ǧҪ³
޷ͷһǰһɫǵĿҩ
ѦԱ߿ҩе㷢ʱҩ϶ҩ³ϾҩԿ谾ر𡭡ֲڡرر𡭡ŨôֳֿĲҩŨССһ룬վԱߵѦԶԶŵǹζﶼ·ܳĵǹɿµĿɬ
ƫͷѦһۣڶԷһ£ȤҩżɩӣҲһҩı顣
ѦȻ̲סİڳ˿ۿҩôİңĳɷһžųˣʵ̫ˡ
ԺҪǵĲҹǺȲȥġȲȥ³ô
趺ȲȥǾֻܴӱȥˡ

ЦԷͷСżɩһܶڲһ֪꣬ԼĻᣬ°ǰһѺȵĶҩҲԸȥġ
˵仰ʱͻȻһֻĸоЩ˯ڼĻ䣬ͻȻͷ̲סһ˿п
šѦ˵ͷӦһ
ѦͷߵˣǿԷߵĨЦݣ֪ΪʲôѦܾöԷ·һһ
Է߸һ㣬Ȼֵ̧ʱѦվסˣȥŪԷĵ룬װӹԷ䣬ӶԷֱԷƤָ仮ʱѦһ
оֱ·һëɨ̲סһ
޷ҩ֮󣬰յҩʼˣŶ鱧ԼӸŽңöԷڲϣԼóЯ̫ؾ롣
ѦŶվԱߣǰ޷ʩ롣
ʱǰ죬Ĵţ浭չ˽ڵĹԵøɾ͸ڲϵ˰۾ƺһЩǿҵʹ࣬´վߣһ룬ʮֵ࣬Ҳ쳣רעȫעתƵȥ
ָǾǧѵģеƵĻ磬Ǹɫĳֵ¼ĶѨλͣ£ٶ׼ȷĽ룬ݵͣ΢΢һᣬָָ꣬漴ڼ֮ת
ʩʱͬڵԼתķƣʱΪʱΪϵ룬ȵ˵Ѩλ֮ϡ
Ѧ鲻ҷ˿վԱߣĿ޷ʩ룬һ˫ǳķ·Ѿ˶Էһ
ʵѾܶʩ룬ۿٴΣѦ鶼ˮĶ˾̾ޱȣǲҽˣܿԷʱַжôѵã治֪˶꣬ͳı¡
Ѧѧѧʮʮ꣬ﲻԷһˮƽ
˵Ҳѧ˺üҽȴûء
ŶԱ߿Լʩ룬ס˺һľͷһվ˿ҲҴǰ´ĶԭսҵʱŶǼģҲķɿ죬лɡ־ͺ£Ҳڴϣ˷ܣʩĶ֮ŶĶʱƽ
ŶȻҽҲģóӣǧӣӵһϵ̣Ѿ̽ĹΪѪһ֣ˣָоǰʩ룬ҲöԷΪһ壬һһĶǾǧظ
Էģ˿κβĶЧõһ衣
ʱȥ֮޷ʩ
ŵĴ޷۾̽Ե̧Լ֣оԼ̧Լǰָͷճȭͷþȫһ£оָģĵָ׵ĺۼ޷۾͵ıųӨ飬̧ˣˡ
ŶҲһΧԼߣ౧ᡣ
Ѧߵߣæһרŵõҩˮһ
ѦæǾߵһȥٵĥīִմī֭ڰֽдһڷҩдһ룬ٴͣ˼ϸҩ֮󣬲ſʽ⣬дһõҩõҩһõʮҩģרҩԡ趣Ŷ飺ȥ֮ҩڷһΣҩרҩԡÿ˯ǰһҩԡʱ䲻Ҫһյʱ䡣
Ŷͷ˵ĻѦһȥҩңѧϰôҩҩԡ迪ŷӣҩĹʮָӣе̷ҩķȺ˳ܵߵҲΪˣڼҩĹһҪʱʱע⡣
ѦڼҩһѺ֣Ƕôӵ˳ǵһҩĵĴ÷յļ侫׼ԻƿظȱѦ鵱ŶʾһҩḶ́Ҫעȫ
ҩҪܷš֮ҪȵҩĶɫ֮󣬲תΪС𡣡
ŶͷΪӣԻʱİѿҲİѧҩּ죬ѧһҩҩйоأҲûгʲô
޷ָ֮ŶŮūĸŮȷĶͬһֲпŴԭ򣬲ŮūĿǰĲҪһЩҲûиūģֻǸһڷҩͬʱҲȥԼĸһÿһҩԡ
żڻشãȵڵʱŶŴŮԼʮҩĻصȥ


43 ӥ
ŶڼſͣµʱϤĽһʱ֮䣬ʮָпΪһ˳ȥûм»زȴû뵽ֻǳת˼ֻ֣ˡ
ʱַھӷ׷͵Ļ滹ĿΧ˼ӦҲЪˡ
Ŷ鶯İǣԺŪ̫죬ӺŮһԼʼжŰϵĶָԭⲻһһ֮ǰΪԶУҪѼµʱ䣬׼ණ·ЩůƷҲ˵й¯Ͳͷԭ·ϳԵģҲȫû֮
ЩԼ׼Ķ֮⣬нʱַھĶһһ̳ܲԼһӵȵ֮ģЩԵģһľ裿ŶҲȫᵽ棬ȥ˼ҡ
ŶѳϵĶ֮󣬾ӣ׼ȥղȥһˣûгأȻǺܶ׻ҪԵ㷹
ӺŮʱ϶ЦŶףԶٺõףһ£һ⣬һ̲סĺС̾һϡ
绹ҪϽȥϵһ£ٰǵỊ̇ҪšˣϹŵЪҵƣҲҪժС
˵ȥ˹ƶţһԭӣϰ׼ҵȥҽûţڰ̸ҵ˴ֻʮӣʹҩĻؼˣǲеҡ
øлл޽ǶԷ˵Ŷ黹һȥشá
ŶһæͣһƻҪ飬ǽһʵһϵĴʯͷоɣȵӺŮĲ׺ˣҲбͷˣʱٸŮһ÷ȼͱ
Ŷ̵ġ
лӾסŶҵĸڣҹԹԭڷЪϢͶӶϱ˵һߵԺԭȥˮߴˮȣȴķֶһ˼ҵķô˵ƣ
̲ס۾һ۾٣ŵơ
ǼҲӵżżһˣһǣûʮ»زģǼҹʱżڣȴ˵ƣѲɡ

лӻһ飬ϽܻԼҵӣѶӶϱ죬żˣɱǧģ˼ŸճţͱˣľȥţСҵĹǣ
꣬һСǧˣлȻȥ١
ߣϼһץȥ
ľŲȥ˺üҵţΧĽַھӶˣ˵һ𳭼һץȥлҲ͵͵ȥ٣һɨѹӣһΧסżңƱҪǵ˸ץ
Ȼ͵ˮǻòͷˣ
Ŷʱհѷպãһ뷹߳˳ҪȥʱͱһȺõ˰Χһɨӭϣϣ
ץûͬ
ȵȣȱôе졭
죿Ѳ۽ϵˣȻշҹѷżҵĽųţҹȥҵˣûģɥ
ǰôÿ壡
ŶϽҾŶ鰡ľ壡
壿ôֻˣ
żҵģզˣ
żҵģ㲻ǴɩӸСȥҽ𣿡
ǰǲһ˸ˣôֻˣ
Ŷϵ˿ڣһΣֻøΧĴ˵ǼҼʻֵ飬޽˵ش˸´򣬻֢Ҿʹɩڳǰȥ˻شãǻشõ
ѽ췢鶼˵һ顣
ִҩĻˡ
ΧĽַھ˵ĻȫĿɿڴţ޷ϵĲ֢жţǿõβõĲ֢Ȼܱشκˣô𣿲˵˲Ŷʮꣿ
ʮܱȵϴ򡣡
ŵҵģǸòᱻƭ˰ɡ
ǰòᱻƭ˰ɣ
ŶҡҡͷǸĺб£Ҫǽ޷ڵҽݻ֮ĲѾöˡ
лӴ˽ȥ۴޷״˼䣬ֶԷĲȻת̾ѽǸСб£
ǻشõ´ôҽ
ȵȡƺʲôˣлȥˣ죬׷
֮żһϵļɹֱ˴ҹٰˮֲŻָƽ
ŶЦ˼ʵҲûкôΧĽַھӶѾ֪ͻˣǼҰҲţҹץھӣҲܰѽиĶְȥ
лӾͲ̫˼Լҵܲûȥˣҡҡ֣ʵǲ˼ˣ̳ܲǾڼҺúóţϲһ̳
Ӽ·ϳԵģڴ޷ڼҲúóԵ㼦ӡ
ǶҲҪˡ

ɶ֣ľ㻹ûȥɡ
ˮַ飬ڶشõҲ֪ˡ
ڶһ磬ŶͶһź׵ĵ˻شãΪǿӵģÿ춼ú磬Ŷ˯žַ飬ӣǰѦСʮӣҲӵشл
Ŷҹ֮Լϵͷ֢޽ΪһˤſڵȫɭԼĳҵСӣ̲סһٰǵ硭ӣ
˰֮һӣһ룬һ߳ʵӣһϣͷһͷϻش֡
ƺٰ￪һҽݣҲ
һӣͻȻһ£ӣСԸ˳дһֽСԵϣѦ͹ȥ
ͰӹѦСӲ緹ˡ
Сſವһ¾ʧʣɿѦȥô죬Ѿ·̣ӥĿӿһ·ɨֱϤһϤ˺峯ŶԷķһȥ
ѦʱҪţǰһι£ʲôʱ
ڲ԰ﱻµˣҪղܻ
Ѧͷʱ򣬾ͼһֻϤİӥϣСӥرֵȥѦ鶶˶ȣչʾԼϵǷš
ѦЦСԵͷСԵϽǾֽһͿϤּѦ̵Ŀ֮󣬰ֽСۺսСɰ
ˣ˵緹ˣ⻹ȥʵģСҪһȥ𣿡
СѦôһ˵ȻǺ
æҲǺ۵ģҪΪر


44 
ѦСܴȥϺõ廨⣬⻹СԼģʵһ飬Ѧ鱾ֻģСһﲻӦֻ⣬ֻƣۡСӥ·߳˸ˬ
ѦСܴʿˮⰡһͳô̲ࣿסյѦĶСӣСԳ̫Ժ᲻ɲ
Ѧ鿴Сǡĳ૵Ӧáɣ
СԹֻһǳܳԶѡ
ӥСԴԼϺõ廨֮󣬽һĨͣѦ˼ſ򣬿ʼԼķʳˡ
Ѧ鿴Сʧ֮ԼҲ󳵷ǰҽݣҽſͣʱѦСֱܴ߽˻شá
һҽѦ̲סĴŹһ·ߣ߹һźɫҩϾͿվǰ裬һ˲䣬۾̲סѦк簡
һҽƽȥ˱عͷҲ˵һ䣺ѦС硣
Ǳ߸Сܴӡ
ѦЦӦһš֮󣬾ʹСܴȥԶķðӳԣźüɴɴҿȵ£ѦһѩСɵӳŰӣ۾ȴԾһƳȥ
ߵİ˰ȫڻؼ֮󣬾ͿʼֽСǰ£ŵĥŨɫī֭ڶԷֵ³ͣմīˮڰֽдҽ
⼸ҽιٲˣϾʱ¼ҽÿһλ˵ı֤ҩ¼
Ѧһ߳Űӣһ²ĿԷдҽվԷȥܹõԷһַǿݵ壬ʵǡÿˡ
ԱߵСܴҹӱƽնӣҲĺθڰ
ѦѰӳ֮󣬲ź֪ķԼƺԶˣеţվŶܣʼҽݵĹⲽ
ǳʱʱţҽտյģҲûһˣȻͨĲˣҲôܵҽ
ѦҽſߵԺĹ£תҽȥڼװﵽһСԱȥķ˽Ų쳤˲͵ԷдЩʲô
Ŀֻڰֽͣ˼˲鲻Խתִ˵ȥԷһֻñʵֿÿָ˳ҹǽڷÿһָϵָǵɫģָ滹аɫ
Ѧ鿴ſž᲻ˣװװһ£ֱڶԷפۿ
͸оվԼߣҲ̧ͷϵһҳֽдɣд֮󣬾͵ݸԱߵˣţúÿȻҿ㡣
ѦһµĽӹǷҽ־һͨķ纮󣬲Űĵһ
ԹɵǷҽԱȥһ֮󣬲űйȥĿİĻشе⣬Ļش󣬵ͷ佱г
ѦɵɵЦʮǫ飺Ҫʦ̵úá
ĪоԼҭһ¡
̳ˮƽʦܾ
㲻Ҫʦҿɲʦ
ã̵úá
֮ѦǷҽԱһ̵Ŀãֳ°ͣΪãһᣬȻʱеȤζڽҽʱ򣬲ޱǲ䷳Ļ⣬һѾʹıˣԷҲģϸĵĸ͡
˵ѾٰˣЩԷڻشո˿ʱʱҽ
˼ˣѦһһĸоӿͷͻȻԷһ죬Բѵ˵һٰɣҴСٰ֪ܶĵط򲻽ĻԸĴ䡣
仰˵ȥȴûʵֹνġĴ䡱ҲֻǴҽĴ䡱
ӣѦͺȹһסˣߵҽſڣͷ˿ɫ̲סĵҽʣ죬ʺϳеĺ
ղײգʹȥ䡣
򣬽ãһȥٰǵĺ÷⡣
ȻͻȻ룬һ£Ц˵ͷð
ѦӦ֮¶ϲЦݣȵңȥһ·֮Ǿͳ
仰ѦϽȥҽݺԼĻ¼ﻻ·ϴ̫ѵˣʺϴҽҩȴʺϴȥ档
ѦԼ¹ǰ죬ʮְǰʱûĸ׵ĻʽµĴѣ¹ֻʣȥľ·󣬲ڱĻѡһѩ׵ѣʽĳϵЩơ
ٵĻѣİιҺã°ͷһߣϷ֮׺˼ղīɫĳ֮С
ھǰգСܴ˼ۣȷûг֮󣬲ƿߡ
ھվԼĪһյʱ䣬ڵȵС·ãȻҲ̫Ϊʲôι仹Ҫ»һ·ڿ·Ѧﻹǲòϣ»·֮ǰĺÿȷʵҪӡʢװ硱һЩ
·ÿҲƺӺÿˡ
˵Ѧ·ĺܶ࣬ڼϸֶԷӡһжʮ·ÿĴŶظġȫ෴
ҲѰ˼ţҪҪҲȥ·ȻΪÿ촩ͬ·ҲϴʵҲȷʵˣֻϵװ²ǷƷڴǮտգǸģʵ·ȴֵǡ
װ఺ϡɣǹ룬Ҳˮ𣬸˳ȾҲ˵·ϣʵûлϴıҪ
ҲΪˣһֱ߽
˰ɣǰȻϲɽˮȴϲǰСһ·һ֧ѣǰҶûеģʱǮҲãÿյ𣬶̻⣬ù⡣
˵װ£·ǳһλУԷǸܹɽʮó£Ϊҽ˶ԷɣŰһѣڰ·ʱλʮ˵Ϊ򻨣һɫ·ǲ֪Ϊʲôܾʺϴɫ㿴·ǲǺܷʣ㿴ɫѩ覣ǹ룬Ҳˮ𣬸ǲȾ˳ǲرĲͬףҸȡɡ
赱ǳһ£ͲǺҪ·ƫƫ·ܶϡϣֲܲҪ
֪Ͳܹɽ·츳ڵˣϲš
Ѵȷʵʮֺʣҷʣһʵ޻֡¡󣬾ͺѹˡ


45 
򣬲˼һʱ䣬ǳɡӷ֮ÿվھߵ裬ŲҴҵԷߣ¶ԷȼˣµĲԽԽ죬С˹ȥ
ϵĶײ
ڵ˶ԷߣѦͣ½Ų̧ͷߵˣԷվˮߵĴ£һʮָߴ֦Ҷïֻеչ͸֦Ҷķ϶䵽˵ļͷϣǼڶԷİϣ°߲ĺۼ
紵Ҷɳɳ죬ѩ׵䣬һ֧ɫбڶԷ䣬β׹һɫ룬¼µա
ͷһ׼ҽݺԺȥԵѦСܹڴ֮УǱ˽ŲȴԷϢƽ
ѦСĴɫһļֱ́һգ̵ȶȻŵϽֱں棬ֻ޲ôʱΧķٸһ㡣
˻ûߵűߣͷȴһӥӥſǵͷӹֱϡ
緹һȦСԻˣÿһҩ
С̵ʲҩóѦļѦ־ɵĽӹԷֻ֮Сӥڿշ𣬲֪ҪҰȥˡ
Ѧģ
ҩ裬迴Ĳҩ̫ԭĺúõģͱһӥˡ
Сι˶⣿ҩӥƽֻһҩģȴ꣬һԵɵġ
ѦɵιˡһɡѦСӵԵܺã򻹸˼
裺
ôȥӥҪˣʱɶɲҪͷѦСӣҰҳӥ
򡭡ңҲӥ
ѦҽݵĴųȥҲûгͽȥٰǵ侵ȥͺˮߵķ⣬侵ٰУԼĪһյʱ䣬ͲܿˮӰӡ
侵ͬһһɾ͸ľӣαһƬĺˮƽ޲ӳϵɽԼ̴ŶҳһҶںˮ룬ֻʱɽˮһɫҲͣЪˣ澲ֹľһһ
źǱߣǱߵķ羰Ǻÿ
źˮһ·ߣһ·Զ԰ɽȺɽ֣ƺܹ
ǰߣܼʯţһبˮķţͨɫͤԶԶĿȥʮ߲㱦ˮγɵһţ͵ĹӴ˾ƻֺ꣬Ҳǵ˫
ѦָŸٰܵķţŻЩ˼㿴ǲʮ˵ÿһʹһеʮ꣬ͷβԢİꡣŵʱҲЩҪ׽һǣ߹ȥڹŵʱǧɿ֣ʹţ꣬Яֹȵ˼
𣿡ôһ˵Щ棬ű߹ȥѦ״ϽסˣȰʵҲûʲôÿģǱǱȥߵ۵СʯţιţȥǱߵͤ￴ɡ
ǺðɡȥߣκѦ鲻̫Ը⣬ֻøߵˮСͤЪϢһ
ЪϢ֮źһ·ߣ侵ÿǰһвͬķ羰ߵʱˮƺӹҲӿͻȻǰ洫һһͣڰϣЩߵ˶Χ˹ȥ
濹Ҫڰ߸٣ҿȥ
濹׿֮֡

Ѧڰţͼܶģ˿ʼһ˹ȥǿеʲô濹ǻˣЩߵĻϣŲٲ˫Ů˫רκĲүʫԣͷ¡
ѦȻЩһģԺڰҲû뵽ʱȻлͣѦһ˿ɥҪȥǱ𣿡
ȥҲֻһȥһѦôһŵ˵ҲЩƵģϲȥ;
Ѧһ飬ûԵ˵³ʣȥ

Ѧ۾ĿԱߵˣ迴Цһ£˵һ̫ˣ
ȻûʲôȤģ׿ڹ־ʥ٣ͨ벻Ķ䡣
οʵѾǱߵҲֻͨˡ
ѦܾĻеʱһϲͷ̫ͬˣǱߣǱߵطҲ١
ͷ˼ǰߡ
һѦ˸ղŵ飬̲סٵĻ鵹ҲԸٸ
ŶҵǺһѦСӵա
ѦƤ˵ͷؼҾСܴϵʦ٣ʵǰѦҲѧٵģֻһȫĺʣѦСӵжô⡣
ѦãԼѧһӣǰһ£ǡǿԵġɣ
Խߣߵ̱ԽԽˣطҲӵƽ̹ΧķҲԽԽģ˵°Ʈɣ죬һͷҲ緭ɣѦͷϵҲ紵÷һ
ԶȺ߱ðˣ֮·ֻʣˡ
Ҳû˵ֻͺߵɽˮ⣬Ѧ鿴ߵˣһֱȥֻ·ܿҪߵͷߣҪˡ
߰ɡ
ͷּߣȥʱѦ鷢һݵˣݵϹݣҪ̯ȥѦһźߴʱķôҪҪݣ
ŵʱѦѾСܵݵߣǡӥεķݣҲѡˣɣ
Ѧ鸶ǮӥηߵߣЦŵŷݰɣ㿴ݣǲǺСԣҲ֪Сڲ
һ飬ŷп޲ɣ֡ӥεķݣˣžͷŷŰɣôĳСġ
ǿʼں߷ŷݣʱ򰶱ߵķֻܴݺܿ죬ڷڰ֮ϣǣߣѷݷŷ֮ҲùˣԼҷȥһԵѦ鵹ͦ𾢵ģķݷŵָԶ
治֪ʱ֮ģѦ鷢Լķݱķݸ߸ԶﻹеСϲȻҽզأҲôݻǷŵָԶֵñ˿һ¡
ѦٰѷݷŸһ㣬Ȼϵķ֮Ǿ͵ٽһ
Һղݵʱ򣬻һߡ
ѦͷҳǾߣҪƴӵʱ첻Ը鷢ˣߵķֱӰķߴдˡ


46 
Ѧֻоһɣӥηڰв˼£ŷԶƮ˹ȥԭ׼ƴӷߵʱɵۡ
ҵķݣ
һԵ״ԼϵķѦţԼŷƮɵķڿն𣬷紵ɣڿ£ӯĴӿлŷԶȥķӶȥ
վڰߵѦֻоգ֮䣬ߵ˾ʧˣֻǿа˵ĵ½ǡ
Ѧһٵķɿ죬һ˫ƯķգҲգضŶԷʧһƬƲ񷣬Ҳ֪˶ãҲֻת˲䣬ϤֳҰ֮УɻһϤİ£Էȴһֻӥεķݣһ·̤ŷ磬
Էڱɫĺˮ֮ϣͬˮһ㣬һƬ岨ԡ
еķݵݸǰѦ顣
Ѧ黹ɵվûлعֱԼķλεİǰŻ㱵ȥӣʱһЩҪɿϵķߣֻݴʱϷš
赱ϵĽӹԼһߣɲһֻܵķݡ
Ѧ鱧ԼʧõķݣɵɵЦ֮תۿߵˣȴֶԷûпڲƷߣԤϵķ
ŶԷĲտ˰Ҳ̲סعͷһۺѦź֪İԼϵķʰá
;¹ʣҲûмٷŷݣʱҲٽʱߡ
Ѧ鱧ķݣŲǳɣһԵôϲŷݣͰϵһֻҲСһţѦ˿Ҳ÷ݣԼĵıݣ͸ʲôϡƵġ
ԭЩӥεķݣڼѦݱڻľӥηҲֿɰġСǼһҪϲ
߻ص˷ŵλã̲סϿȥѦŷһߣһ߻һߴߴ߿㡣
ֻεļ˹ȥ
źߵʱͻȻǰ洫ѾߵĽεˣ
ˣˣôˣ
죬ȥҽҽŮ
ѾߴɽΧԼҵķߣǼҷ˽ò£˵Ҫͷ羰һֱúõģôͻȻ˹ȥأ
ɺһԼεķ˷һԵʯϣʯѾźһ棬ɫȴźȥҽŮй
Ѧʱ·⴦ȣѾΧһεĻɫʮֽǱߵߣѯǷҪæ
Ǵ򣿡
شõĴ򡭡ԣشд𣿡
ѵѦСӣ
ͷǻشĴҷεˣҸҽ𣿡
ԥƬ̣뵽ҽŮƻҪһʱܹ˵Ĳ鵢鲻á˵ͷǾ鷳λ򣬰Ǽҷȿһ
̽λ˵Ĳ󣬷ֶԷѪգٶ飬ȻʱµĲͷζ֢֮״ΪԷ⣬ȻҲϸĵǴ򿪵ķӹƽͣλƽյʳȴ̲ʣ̲δ̲壬ٶ¸ⲡٳٲ
Էʱֺһ벹ΪԼã߶ȴǲ˶
Я룬̧ڶԷͷѨַѹһ밴˳˶Է󸽽ڹѨԼѨȣһλεķ˾˹
ɿԼҷˣϲˣˣѹˡ
ٰԱķ˺δԺ۾;Ŀĺܣȴ֪Ϊʲôߵŵʱ򣬶ʱͷۻתһ̣ʧȥ֪
˻ѺڸֽʣдһҩѾ߼ҷʳע󣬱Ѧ뿪ˡ
ߺ󲻾ãѾߺ¾ʹһòİŮ˹ҽŮǧĶŮ洫ǧóٰＫ˼ҵķСˣϲǧõĴ
ԱΪԼҷ˵Ů
ʱ򣬼ŷѾ˹ŷ˷ŷ飬˵ղһشõĴŷʩ룬һҩ
ǡ
ܷҩҿ
ɰдҩݸ棬ͬʱ˵ǰһЩע
ҩϸϸƷζ˺ܳʱ䣬ֱɽһ󣬲ڻع̲ס̾һⷽӿ֮ǰôû뵽أҩļ˿ã⡭ҩı£һλḻǰɣҷ˾Ͱⷽӳҩɡ
ֽҩһ飬ǻشд֮󣬱֮Ҫȥݷһλ
Ѧ뿪侵֮ȥٰǵһҾ¥ϾѾʱټκôãȫˣѦ¥һϺõľƲˡ
ѦֱӸС˶ʮ˵ˣֽ̳ƣĵͷʮֹɵλϣž¥ϲ˵ġ
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¥ĻʱѾѲƿƷһں󣬱Ѳյ¡
ȻǺò裬ݲȴһ㣬ζҲһ㡣ЩѦָ赹ˮģͷͱˡ
ҲʱͻȻ֣ڶλСӣȷʵÿϸĵĸ赹ˮݱīͷ·ϸƵԲͬҲ޷ܾ
ҲҲܾ
¥ϲ˺ܿ죬ʮ˵ζٰɫ˰ԲһЩɫѦѾģ赹Ҳİ
ӣһʼԾƲˣѦһ߳ԣһ߸¥ԼҾ¥֪ɫ
ȻϵÿȷʵζڸϼѣųţȴǾÿڻشԵʮˣƺϺĿζ
Թһӷ˺Ѧ븶ˣȴһѦСӣɣлιһˡ
⡭ôأѦԷÿæҽҽҲҪǮڳųԶٷôöԷǮ
Щҽ˲ǮʮǸġ
ôˣҲһˡٰ⼸죬ûʲôǮĻᣬܻȥܼҵɧ֮ġ
ϴζƸʮӣڻûóȥ
Ѧֻ֣õͷͬˣŷݣһҽݡ
ΪѦĸǰˣѦҲûҽǰصѦԤĸšһ˳Ѧ͹ʮˣ̲ס̾һȴʼԵǶٷ


47 
Ѧݺһ裬뱭յ֮УĶ˵ԼĸǰȲ衣
ĵͷ⼸ղͣƣջؼҼСӣžð˲١յСһڣҶõľɽ̲裬ݲ˵ոǾޱȣһζ
ݲ
һ裬ֻûʲôƣ۶ûˡ
ưѦµĴһ󣬱ŶԷ֣˵Щ强뿪Ҽ죬ҼҵСߵʱ񲻶ģǵ㣬һҹĺڼˣЩް
û¡
û£
û¡Ϊ֤ԼԲ٣Ѧ黹ͷ˺ü£СһָԼЦ㿴ģ岻ʵӡ
̧ͷϸѦɫֶԷɫȷʵһˬ彡ĺģģúã˼主󻨵࣬ɷѦҲͬǸͬ׵ĿݣѦӣҲģòɫģСѦ顣
ǰѦһžµ˫֮·ɫӨһ˫۾鶯תŲ⣬ϲһòϸ֮£ƶﲻͣ̾ԼС۶ģúÿ
ֻ
ɫģô뿪֮ǰӳˣ
ѦԼԼɵƤЦ˵㿴ǲɫܺãһأ
ԼС۶Ʒĵģɽģ־һ£Ǳ⣬ǵԼСӵ壬ûûεɵӣڼóԺúȵһɫͲ˵ˣ뿪ôЩ죬Ȼθڴãϻܶӣ
˼ˣҧгݵģ̧־סѦϵ⣬ͷƵ߳˳᣺뿪Щ죬û˹㣬ǲǻͦİѦ飡
㻹ӣ֮θôã
ûĵСһֱ⻵ĸΡ
Ѧ̧౻Լ׾գ˵ûף뿪Щ죬ҲģģϻʺιʲôʱŻء

档
ˣ⻹࣬ϣһţﻹ˸˼·Ȼ˸￴ϲ
ȵԼұС۶ѦùöԷ߰·¸⻶ϲѺι½йʶԷЩѦ
ȥ԰շæҲûȥܳ˶彡飬ҽҲʲô¡
˭֪˺ιµĻ㱨ɫ䣺ʲôǸشһ´򣿡
ᣬҽʮָκ˺ܶಡ֢
ιµͷҲٰǵˣҲԷļҾ죬Ҳ鲻ף֪СүǴôһ򡣡
СүĻشÿջܽüλˡȻСүҲǻġ

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ֲСɫֿθڴ󿪶ӡ
ҽ˲ţҽ߲ȷˣҾ˿϶۾ȳˣҪ۾û⣬ٰôҽݶȥƫƫҪȥҶǸСݰҽݣ
ιԱʵˣҪô죿
ô죿Ǹǰһ߰ɡ
ԭҽ￴ҽ飬ѦȻҽЩռ˸ҽ飬Ҳвٸ˫صģҳ˷࿴˽⡣
شﲡ˲࣬ѦڼҩİҩͻȻҽһΪˣҽûмѦ󣬾ԣСİ軽˳ȥ
̹̹ĸ߳ҽݣǹС˿ġ
߳ҽݵʱҲĵײ²˭
һСҽģòΡǸɶǸйЩˣΪνζ伫
תһ룬ŸٰӦҲ´רⲡɣ˳ˡ
ƹ֣һƫƧСӣͿˣǸɫѵˣƫԲͷԲЦеģԵ÷ǳƣ֮󣬷ֶԷв֮ˣԷҲĻӣӦһȵĽɫ
ǻشɣЦе˵ΪñȽϺƣ˵óѭѭգ˺ι¶߻شõĴ
´ǰ裬ֶԷһ£ģʲҲǸµĺˣ˵ʵһ㶼ҽĴ
ͷ¡
ǾͶˡóһľСӣ򿪣һżӡָָЩӲӵĶЦ˵㿴ʲô
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ѣŵԼ£ʮֺǰ˾ʲôĶǸ˶ϲɡ
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˼ĵͷ֪ΪʲôСҽûдˣԭǱһֱ˴
״ЦøӺͰˣ򣬿ͷģǴӦˣ
ǣҿû˵Ӧһھܾ
ϵЦݽˣ˳ǣСѵʮ̫ˣ
Ͽҵĵͷ̫ˡ
䱻ԷĳϿҭһ£
ǰЩССǮʹˣǰλθڲС
úõǮȥҽݿĸɻǡҺôҺá
Ҫ٣
ٶûãǧҶ뿪شá
ɴ۾׷ʵΪΣ
ЦˣΪҳŵѦСӣֻҪҴٰҽݵô򡣡
ŵһŲڣԡЩӣܱǸҲͲˡ
˵֮󣬹һЦҲٴɵԭص䣬ֱӹճС߻ҽݡ
ӻȥι»㱨ιܵǰ˵û֪ƷԼķ٣һϰ棬ŽϵΣԼüģͷۣ
ұΪСֻ۾ȳˣû뵽ԴҲë
ŵǸسŵˣǧ𶼲Ҫ˵úܴǮƣߣһˣҲʲôߡ
ĳŵ⡭⵽ǸʲôˣܱҵĲݰƭŵ


48 ҩ
صҽݣߵѦǰ˵˸ղű˽гȥ飬˳ʮ뿪شãѦСӿ֪˭ڱ飿
òشǰĴҲԽǮջ뿪ģ
Ѧһ⻰üͷѳҡô
˭۾һ˿ɻ׷ʵ֪£
ѦСӣԭԭңҽݵ׷ʲô飿
ҡѦţְ˵Ļ˻ȥǰ裬Ժʱ˼ɡѦ鲻Լĸ׵ĶԼǰ衣
֪һĵˣ֪Լ飬һ취ԷϴΪׯĲˣԸڸһӣǡѦȴ鷳衣
֮Ը£ɽˮԷһٰҲֻ˳ιɽˮ֮ҽβȹӣԷͻ뿪ȥĵط
Ѧ鲻̫ΪԼ鵢
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ˣҲͲٶˡ˵仰ʱԼûв⡣
תٿѦı飬ߵСǰ£մī֭µĿʼдҽ˪ֵдߣ˵۹д֣Ȼʵϣ鲢ƽ˵һˮ
ȻеԵѦҵļ£Ͳ˵ˡ
ҽ﷢ʲô£ˡҲܸ򡭡ҵļ¡

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ûһˣѦСҲֻƼˮˣƾʲôܸԤԷļ£
һɱźͱųĸоһֱͷ񲻰겻ѡ
ҲˣѦѯҽʱѵȱһ˿ģЩãüͷѦҼǵ֮ǰʹһ˰ɣ˼ҲͲҪպʱ˷ҽϡ
Ѧ鱻ͻŵɫһףǰҽʱûôͷ
ѦŴҽתҩߣٴߵ衣
ʱҲȷʵװ飬ѦؼҸ׺ú̸һ̸
磬ѦСܴؼˣڻؼ֮ǰǵߵҽٹһѦҳӦҲѷ͹
һҽС緹ԲϰʮˣȴҲûʲô˼ԣθҲ̫ãֻǰе˳֮󣬱ݲ˽緹
бҽݺԺݶϣ˫ֿϵİƣ紵ϵҶ˷ƬϷתȦҶѩ׵°ϡ
۾̲סϷһĻţԾּһƬҶҶһƬϻȥһɫƬжһгһСһСƬ
عǿƬһ£Ǹɴʬ͵һ𣬰ߵʬ촷ۣϸķĩһʧӰ١
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飬ҲڷԺ׼ԼķЪ
ҪʱһӥһֻɫӥϣСԷǳõֱʮևNɪԴóļȻһģ
ü̧СԵıһ£ʵҵˣȥɡ
СԸ߰Ľһ󣬴ֱڿնſʣĺڿն𣬰ӭɣ˫£ʱӹ߰˴ݶ׷ǰ·Сһ·ٰǡ
С԰ٰʮһͱڣ·ǳͣṦ߲µİϣʯ֮䣬һɫĲҩСĵɽ¶Уҩʱ򣬱ͣʯϣСַҩŽһɫľС
ҩʯϰһ£˱ڿն𣬴ʱĽŵ£ǿµԨ̽⣬ʯһ·ϣãһʯ̤һ£ֱӷ¶
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ϵķ紵úͣɫй˷磬°죬ķ紵ţоֱϴĴʹͷһ󸽽һѪۡ
ղҩĹУһ⣬ҩǱصĶϮ˹豾ߣκΪ˲˵ҩڶԸߵĹвò˲ʣֱ۹βһʯϡ
ҲֻһƤ˰ˡ
ҺðղĲɵˡ
ߵѪߵҲûŹȫռǰǲҪЩģ׸Ŀǰҽ౸Щб޻ġ
Щһֱڴһҩ࣬ҩзޤ࣬ǼƷҩ۶ôϾɰ̺ۣҩ򻨵Ķַǰ̺ʧҡЧܿ졢ʹ֮Ө󼡷Ч
ѾҩҪõĲռ˸߰˰ˣͲһؼղݣȻȱղҲһֲҩ棬ЧҲܵӰ졣СĴҰɵҩӥæݵӰҿƽ԰׷ļһﻹеôģҲҩ
ÿʹƵӥеôġ
صٰǺѵô󷽵ĴŴ󹦳Сȥ⣬һԳ˸ˬ
Ѧؼ֮󣬾ȥԼĸơ
ż´ͷϰţͼԼС˫ʦһķ䣬ԷĽŲأƺڿⷢйʲôӲҪ̤Ƶ
飬ôͻؼˣҽô
㻹ΪʲôؼңԼȥʲô㲻֪
С⻰˵ĺûʲô㲻ôһʦӡ
ѦƲƲ죬ԺҪȥˡ
ôʲô
ǰҲƽϡ
ǵԼ롪
Ѧ۾˻ƵĴһƺͷһʱĻôҲ˵ˡ
ڸʶһλҽȻҽ˫ʵһҽϲ£ĴҽһٰҲֻ羰ˣΪҵ˳ڻشβ
ﲻõģҲ׷ѹ򣬵ȹʱգȻ뿪شáѦۿʵ˵ЩӾ͸ҪǮƵ¹


49 
૵ĽжԷ֣Ѧ׵ۿͻȻǱһ룬ͬҲʹ۾
ﷺᣬɬߵѦߣ̧֣һָֻ֣õԷϵˮ
Ѧǰ£ĸԷͷѦ۾ûзɫ۽޾ʪøӺӨϡе۹档
סԼСԱ֣ﳤ̾һڣ˵ƽ̱ƣﲻԸٿҽݣʲôðûʲôشã˰ɡ㿴ѧҽҽʲôõأǼҾֻʣҹ¶ĸģǿҽΪΣҽβҲУںүˡˣЩҲ˵ˣ˵˵ҽݡ
ҽغ£㶼ãǰ˼κˣ˼ҵһôβãʱԹɶ֮ƽԹ
ѣףв˾ͱɺˣʱ˼Ҳ㣬ҲΣյ֮»ϣƣ
޸֮ҽ֪µˣ֮䣬¶˼֮࣬үүڵǻҲ˰ҹҶ¡

Դ͸֮Ҳûʲôˣ￴ҲƲҪѦҵҽݴҲҪֻⱲƽƽģһ˳ǡ
ȵѦߺƶڷüıĿһȴôҲƽ˼顣
ͻȻվߵ¹ߵһǰǳƺһֻǸһյĺ񲼣ְ̧ѳƿ¶·һ鳤ңд֡ðá
һңߵԲǰ£ǰ죬ȴϵһλƵǿҶ֮ϣ˳ָĸ壬ܶǰ֡
ѽνɵĲȥµĲµһȥ󣬹Ȼк·ҽⲻһĵҪ޵ˡ
ҪҼҽ￴𣿡

ôȥˣҹλ֮ʱӻ꣬վµӢ꣬ſȣȻһЦ
ԩҰ
һĵż޽ϲӣѡģϲģΨһϵˣһһͨīҽݼҵСү
˵ǸҩҽʱĻ䣬ɶ˵ֺγأӣȻ㽵Ļǰº㣬ȴҲҸ۵ӡ֮󡭡ܶʱƲҲԸٴҽſ·
ʵɣȴѾˡ
Өһ·׹һһεǿ鳤Ҷϣƺ۾ԲѾ͸˵һյˮ
һյСһڣǿЦһ¡
Ǹٷţӹ׵ˣӹôҲûϲϺȲ裬ѦˣѦ
Ѧĸ뿪ԺҲֻ˼ڷҲû˵ݣǰҽݣȻҽݵʱȴûз衣
ҽĻƸ˵Գιȥˡ
Ѧֻû̲סһ֣˲һٰ侵ιȴƲԼֻԸһٰǲǡһ̫ࡣ
ѦںԺˮߵС죬ԷǻˣȴҲԹȥҩĥҩȥˡ
ٰ˻ִŴ󹦳ȥ⣬ӥͦűģֲŶҪһţ⣬źֻԻӥ֮󣬱Ųҩص˻شãհҩ
صҽݵʱ򣬼˿ϲޱȵѦ飬ŶԷϵؼҵ£һһʱ䡣
ȥҩ֮ǰһ£عͷѦ飺Сϲȥιˡ
ӥûԼĸ
ι𣿡Ѧɫѿˣ˵Ҳ佩ˡ
ӥȥιô
ͷšһ󣬱ҩĵطҪһҩɲ򵥣ҪѼһЩҩĵĴҪǳСģðҪõһһģҩⲿָ
һȴȫĶͶҩĹС
ѦĵĿһۣҲȥţֻ͵͵һ·Ժ󿴲һһСįš
ȵҹѦҲûҽݵ£Լ³ʮ˵ɫѲ˶йԷⳡ˳ԵüΪԵģ֮ѦҲûҽֱ˼ҡ
ϣѦڴշת࣬ȥôҲ˯žܶͻ淴ǰ֣˵ĻСʱĻ䣬ڸǷ飬Щҽݵ飬Լ˪һ
ڶ죬ƽˣСܴҲûн˯һʱ
ȵϴװȥҽݵʱʱ͸ˣѦϣЩԼҪҪȥЩϳԵĶʱôˣҲûбҪˡ
ֱȥҽݰɡ
ڻشſͣ£ѦûʲôĻ߽ҽΨһҵľҽ￴ԼҪǸˡ
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ձ˻شãհҽ
ǰʱ򣬻Щ˼飬ȻѾ˵ˣŷβһĴ򣬿˻شãŷȻһʲòӣԷһ£ɣͶ֮䣬Ƿ˫˾ޡ
֪ǰǰŷҽδҪ̽ŷ˵Ĳ֮󣬱Ҳ˵ͷԼı֤̺ҩѡ˵Է
Ǹ˼ɵģһͶ̾ҽ
̲סǰһЩ֢
Լʦ˼㣬ԼԪʦֲһǸϲ˴ڽҽҽеˣΪŷιĲˣ˳ɽһ飬̣Ǻش
ѾܾĻ˵ʱҽȴһϤӰ˵Ķ֮ĪİؾܵĻȥˡ
ˣǰҽŮҽʱش֪޲ԣ޲
ŶԷĻشһ˫ĿӰ˸
ѦһҽݣǱ۵ңϸĸҽŮҽش⣬ҽŮǸϻ۵ˣһͶ˵Ȼ졣
촽Ȳֻ΢һʵܲסˣѦɫήҵԺȥֻ˵졣
뿪֮ǰԼԼһ仰ƮĶ
ҪҪǧã

ѦûĻŶ䣬ںԺСԭӣˣûպãŻ磬ʵƵĺܣǱɴˤ˹Сܵȥؼˡ


50 Īǿ
ѦصѦ󣬾ͰԼԼС
˾µĲɫɴ᣺͹ص¹񡢹Ŷӡɫɺʯڼ⣬һܣҽ飬ԱиСűīֽ⣬ϻһһİֽһһİֽѾдī֡
ѦŲĵߵСǰ˼ҳֽǳˮɨֽϵ壬һҩӣʱһԽģдҩ
ҹƵʱġҩܶΣҩбĶԷдҽԷҽҲռˡʱѧŶԷ壬дһ飬Ȼ⣬ôġҲѧԷķǣддţȴǸ˵ġ
ôЩҹİֽѾţķ
Ѧĳһϵİֽ£תһҽ飬ϡǵⱾҽз̸۵ݡ
һҳһҳķҽ飬ȴôҲҲҪҵһҳѦį͵͵૵ҼǴ˰ɡ
Ѧϵҽ£Ժȴ鲻Խ֮ǰҽĻ棬ǧõҽŮԶЦ̡ˣһŵİ£һòһɫݣǻóҽҽһһģ·ͨһԡ
ҪѡĻ϶ҲϲϻޱȵŮӡ
Ѧ飬ѧҽһ޷ľѧѧȥ޳ش⣬ҲǿĿİġ
Ҽǵ֮ǰʹһ˰ɣ˼ҲͲҪպʱ˷ҽϡ
Ҳ˵ֱ˵㣬ѧҽǸģЩҽ˰ɣ㰡±ӣ±ӣҲβ˲
ôԵѦҵڣ˲ŶԵѦҵڣ㿴պյļðþӪʲôӣڵƣ˼ҶϵġðáѦڵǻүүڵǻðõأٰЦ

Ѧ۾һһι̵Ķһ·׹ȵˮδϣҽϣҽϵī֣ﻯ
ܰҽݿȥ
ô᲻ֻ̫ԣ̫ǿڡǿˡ
Դ͸֮Ҳûʲôˣ￴ҲƲҪѦҵҽݴҲҪֻⱲƽƽģһ˳ǡ
Ѧһ𣬷·𱻳˻һվҲվȵķԱߵӣĶ
Ҳ֪˹ãһ˫۾ȥһС̿̿յļɫĻ⵹ӳɷ׵һϡ
Ѧһҽ黹дһһİֽڻϣһݣĶӽֽʱϯʢһ棬Ѧ鱧ֽҲģӽȥ
ͻȻַƵϵĲˮ棬ѻƷһҽǻ̿Ĵ𣬶Ҳ˲ù̵ֽҳкҵһ롣
ʱģǱͷɢң϶Ǻڻңһ˫Ҳմī֭Ƶޱȣġ
Ǵӻ﷭ĺ룬һ˫ڵϣ覣޵ɫϡɡ
ѦڷĲͬס
Ƕ˶Цƿޣϻ󡭡¶һȻЦݡ
룬ġ
ҲǿĶ
Ѧ飬ûаԵ֣ɵĵӣҲҪƳɵĵ롣
Ѧԡ֮»һ·ϲǿͷϴ֮ɫ޵ĺ룬һﲻ㳵УѦִ˻شá
Ѧվҽſڣ̧ͷҽϷһҶ
Թȥǿҡ
شá
ѦｫĬһΣǰҽݣվ˳ӿĽֵϣͻȻһʱת׺Ҳɣµĳ֮УûʲôסĶ
ǰҽݣӣǰܾԣ̸λشأ
䣬仨ͬϲ任ƽ
ĪҪǿˡ
ѦҽſվҲ֪ʱ䣬̤ҽżҲʱͻȻҽݵżƺ䰫ˣǵСʱż˵ǺܸߵģڿżʱǻһСĵ㡣
߽ҽ棬Ҳûмˣķϣǰϣһҽ飬ҽԱߣһ֧ɫѣѵβɢźɫյ롣
Ѧˣֻ̧ͷԷһۺ󣬱ͷջأתϵī֡
ѦҲǺûгߵߣͻأ˵һ仰ĵӿ𣿡
Īȴ˵ͷӦԱ㡣
ѦЦһ£¶ǳǳСУСһ֧ӣתóԼǸ룬ٵĸȥ
迴Цһע⵽ԷĶæվߵѦߣ˶ԷȻڻ룬ְס˵ӵһͷʵʲô
ҡҰӻȥ
Ѿ͸ˣֻʲô
ҡѦͷܹ۾ҲõģҲգǼޱȣõһϺϣѰͨ룬Ҳֻĵ룬ʺϹһ֧֮ϣԺ£ɽˮ
ĬȻѦϰԼĵ˻ͬҲҲõУϹѩԭӣѦ͵ʢ롣
͸Ǹ룬ֻ·ѰСͨģʲôֵϧĶҪĻ˰ɣҽѦƽƽ˵Щ·ǵʲôһĲֵĶ
˵֮ҲûķӦֻǼ˵ˣ򣬴쿪ʼ㡭Ҳڻش￴ˡ
ѵֽһ£͵̧ͷǰѦ飬ʣΪΣ
ҲʲôҪԭ򣬾ǡҪҽݸˡ
ôͻȻҪҽݹˣ
ΪҪˡ
۾ŵĿǰѦ飬ǿѹסԼҪ޸˭
֪ģǸ˫ʮˣҲСˣȰҽݹ֮󣬾ڼúñޣȻΪѡһźû¡
סϵѣͻȻһɭ׵ĵð˳βŵĺ϶ʱһ͸ĺ
ѦҲܵǹɱ̲֮ס̧ͷ򡭡
ֱ۾˵ҽݹˣĻ𣿡
Ѧ鱻񿴵һţƫͷҽѧҽû˿츳ҽݲأҲȥģңشûУٰЦЩҲá
ЩʱջشдҲĲˣͨҽ죬ô˵ٰЦ
ѦЦˣ̧ԼգΪﰡ㣬վҪߵģ֮󣬻شþͻԭ
˵Ҳˡ


51 
˵Ҳˡ
ͳȴǾһѦĶϣԼ۾һ˫γﵹӳǰ˿ݣѦһ£ҡҡͷ㡭ˣҽݹزأûйϵ
ҵĳŵ˵ֻҪٰҽݵôֻҪ뿪ٰŵˣҡһ࣬Ҳ㲻ʲôöֵϣҽҲҪˣҲҪŵ֮Զ໨ʱٰι伸죬ˣ͡뿪ٰɡ
ӣûϻӦѦĻǵѦ棬ûȵĶеĵ»ȥ֮ǿһ㺮ĺ룬ɢȥ˪ץסѦ󣬰ɫ޵ĺŽ˶Է
ѾͳȥĶҾջء
˵ڵĳŵǡ
Ѧɵɵĵ룬ӣ߬ܶܶΣȴûһΣ̵֣Щץȡ߿ʼʣһЩӨĶסĿ⣬ֻǿԷϵ֧ѣǵβϹŵʢᡣ
Ѿ޹ܶˣһȵĶ۽ņֱ֣̀ȥʱȴֱһֻȵץס
ѦĿǰˣˮ赲ԷݣȴǰճԷüۡ
Ѧ۾оԷָԼϣϲᡣ
κԷˡ
죬ٰǣҽʱұ֪Ҵǲˡ
뿪ҽ֮ǰСܴдһֽң˵ҹӰһ࣬ǰ˱࣬˼ࡣ
Ҳ˼࣬˼ʹѧҽʮأҽˣ°ٲȴôҲⲻ˼֮
ԡĶǰЦһ£һ˫һﾡ繲࣬Ц⣺ҵֻܴڽҩߣ㶮ҵ˼顭
Ѧһɵˣվԭأ۾ϵỨҲͣﲻˣɵ˰ΣͿʼ̧סԼĶ䡣
ҡҿ϶ΣΪʲôһһΣ
˼ҹΡ
㲻ģҲܸ˺ġ
ոոһű׶Ӧ迴ǰ״ҲʧЦˣǰѦԹԵİѶϣ۾ҲϣԱһƶԼֻΡ
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ô䲻䣿ֲ˰ɣ
Ѧ黹Լϡܻոһĺ㣬һ򡣡
һ飬ɭɭҧгݣҲģǼٵģ
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ҡûѧҽ츳ֱִһ˺üζǲסǺܼ򵥵ĵҲⲻˣҡһرӹףϲǮŷŷݣݶŲáѦ״ε˵Լȱ㣬˵˵žԽԽ飬ҽôôʴϻۣһϲޱˡ
ѦСӣ㲻ҪԷƱòãϣ˶Ҫѧҽ츳ҲкܶŵģƵһֺҩóݲ裬óһӺòˣǾ¥ĴȲա
ѦҧԼͷ𣿡
ԼͲд֤ˣΪʲôϲ˾ǲϲأģҲġ
ѦĬһκ󣬲ԵѿڶҼ𣿡
˵֮ѦʱҲɫôʳһ⡭
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ѦԷĬشϱɫҰҾ֪һڸ鿪Ц
ոջûӦңôͻȻתҪˡ
ӦҪôӦ
ʵ̲ס̧֣ڶԷղűմͷԵ󣬼ĳ˵ӡ󣬡Ҹ˵㣬أ
Ѧ鱻˵Ļģҡһֱϲ򰡡
ŶԷղ֣ʣȥ׵ϲ𣿡
ǡǡ
ˣ˶ԷĻӦɿ˾סԷյ֣ĸԷࡣ
Ѧ̧Լһ鱥-Сգƹˤִŵ׷ʵҼ𣿡
Ϊʲôһֱִ⣿
ѦҧҧֵȻشҵ⡣
ѣԼֵ£ѦȻһЦĴ𰸣Ȳ˵Լ롣
ԼǰѾ˵ô࣬ĴѵԶ׼ģ
֪ˣһҼ׵ģôϲأ㻹˪ģޱ綪Ҷȥٰι䣬һͷҩһ£СԶιˡϻҽŮЦ̸ȥǧã϶ҲӦ˰ɡˣ˼ҽŮãҽҲãһͨޱ֮ȣϲɡ
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㰡ʲôȥǱšװͰͣƵİǰѦ쵽С£ƿĿȣóһҩĨСϵǵ̺ϡ
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ѦСʣΪ𣿡
û˵СΪ˭
Ѧоϱʵĸоôһ˵ϱɵɵģЦ¡
ǡҼ𣿡
ϵĶһ٣ûü˵ʲôҽȴͻȻһĶ
࡭
Ѧ飺
Ѧ̧ͷǰĿ⶯ƺǴӶԷϴġ
ˣѦһۣ㿴ʲôҴϵڣʲôûóԣӽǺ
ﲻ԰ѦǵȻˤ˹뿪ǼǵѦ˰ѼĲȥҽݡ
ԡ
֮ҪǶˣҲȥס


52 
Ϊ˷ֹĳ˶ûףѦֻߣܵҽСȥҺСﻹвʵʳģԭŽģûҲȫ١
ΪܣѦһ棬ӡ
˳һ߿ţûνźܿԶһ죬Ҳû̫¡
ǸղŶӽеʱ򣬱Ƚ
ʱҽ߳СԼѨϾ׼˼룬ӽǿ϶ٽˣʱԼϵĳЩо
Ѧһ棬һæҵ׼˵Ĳϣ⣬ڳʱĻعͷһվ裬һ¾ɵЦһ£ȷ϶Էûʧ󣬲ŰĵĴʳġ
豻Էͷʮκü̲סڵĵ㣬Ҳǵš
ɲԼ˴ˣҪȳһֵֹĶ
Ѧǻعͷ¶ǳǳСУĺˣ鲻ǵη£Ҳûôء
裺
ԷôңҲǴ⣬ǡԷôһĶãʵǽ˲ܰġ
Ҫθ
̲סԱĶ٣ҪĲóԣҿɾͲһٰˡ
˵ʱϲŵǼҲŶ˶ζͷѦһĻŻš
ѦСյ˿֮ʵʵסԼͷĳ嶯İͶ뵽ǰʳȥ
һŨˣõĵȻǴ룬֮ǰǸ룬롣
ѦСĵĶ˵ǰָָԷŵ롣
ӣֱԼϵȡȡһǿҵļϯ壬Ҳ˲˵ֱӳ
ò˵Ѧãͨ棬ζϵȣֻеζȴ˾Ŀڸζѣ棬Ю֭ʵޱȡ
ѦЦſһСܻع¯ǰղȥˡ
棬θ˵㶫ҲˣߵѦߣҪҪæȻ費ˣҲǲˡ
˾ֻˮ󣬾ǰʳĵȥӵˮӵΣ˾ܳˣ̾ҩʳҶһͨˮˣζҪȰҩóԶˣһ൱׼ʿͣƺԸ죬˾ܱƮƮɡ
ܲɡ
ͷвʲôΪѲ˵˼£Ͱһܲг˳̴ϸһµܲ˿
ĵĲҽ츳ɣгĲҲֺֿãϸֺ
Ա߰ѦвˣѦ˵ٶȿ࣬ȰѸеĶ֮軹ȥѦӣκҶʵڲ̫ϸ
һβЭҶӣϴֵ壬ϸ΢ճڱƤϣ̫Ľӡ
ѦǸӴӼϹ˳̲ס㻹ȥŰɣȻþܳˡ
裺
ĬĬĿһǸѦ鵥ᡱĽӺ󣬵˵ͷȻӦٰˣȴ뿪̨֮ǰƿԼǸҶ˽ȥ
Ѧ飺
ԲҪϿѦСӣǿбסԼƿĳ嶯
ڳСǰѦһһ˶˹Ҳˣֱǳһһ˶ʮĵˣƽθڴһ㣬һӣҲȫԹˣȻʱҲòϣȻõͬƤϣĽȷʵ̫óԡ
ԺǡЩʵʵв˾Ϳˡ
ѦѲȫֳ֮°ͣڶõĿǰ˴ãô壬üۣһĨǳЦϵСвۼð˳˲ضزס
Ѿϰһ˫ڹʱʱעԼƯ۾ԷôҲ˿ӰʳȻԷҪǲͣϣŻܵĳԲ·
Ѧĺã˳ҽ﷭̳õһ𣬰̳Ӿ˷ܵƵǰʱЩЩƲסԼСĳ嶯߳˵һֱ֮˻ȥԼߵ̫ԷͲˡ
ɵЦһ£ŶͬһһƵſһζһ˫Ư۾޾ĻȸԾ
һӵķˣ֮ʣµһ̳һ𣬳Ѧգһ۾ŶԷͷһڣѾˮȥ󣬺Σ¾̳ӣ¶ſݣЦ⣬촽ˮʪһ˿Өˮ⡣
Ѧһ¿ˮ͵һ̳һͻȻҲ볢ˮζ
̧̲סգ֮ǰֱСʱǸճСһȺģֻðѦӣǰˣŶԷ۾ڻ̲סʳ֮ǰһ仰Ҽ𣿡
ЩԼĿˮǺʵ̿һ˫һЦ⣬ĵǸСִ̫ţǲĴ𰸣ǲĿĲݰ
˵ͷҲٹⶺǿŶԷ۾飬ҳٰδҵףұ֤ڣüҵһýȥҵס
С֪֮޼ҵ޸ףֿտԼ˻סڻشõ״̬ȥѦףƻᱻδĸ
Ѧ˷ܵѿڶ𣿡
Ȼģƭ㡣
£ðҵ㡣Ѧü۽Ƕ̲סЦ⣬˶Է׼ȷĴ𰸣ĵĳһϵĴʯͷ
Ǻ޲Ͼ͵֮󡭡
ԼĴ𰸣һɵֵģ̲ס̧־׼ס˶Էһ鱥ܴݲеСգͬʶԷأҽݻزˣ費Ҫչ￴
Ѧ۾ѵ۾һ˿Ƥ֮ǰ⣬Է˴ŻشڵѦСҲʾ뵱̻ش⣬ͷƫһԣɣһûоҪҪҽݣ롭
⻰غЦһǺðҽû֮С޴ȥǾֻáȥǧúˣǧҲҪһλ
ѦЩҪ̧סԷ죬ѵõװͰͣèװϻŭ׼ȥҲ׼ȥֻܴѦСӵҽԲȥҽݡ
㶼ŵģٰֻѦСҽݵô򣡡
һŵܷڵġ
۾ЦˣϷʵҲڣأҽݹزˣ
˲ˣ˵˻СҲ׼ߣÿ춼Ҫҽݿ㡭


53 
ڳﶼõԼҪĻشֺͺһˣ˶Ѿֻ꣬ʣ̳Ӿƣڣ֮ǿѦС۾ĶȸղԷʱ۾Ҫƻָž̳ʶԷҲһ𣿡
ѦһӺɣҡҡͷҲȣȾơʵѦСеȵġ
ְھ̳ϣſһϢһ˫ƺһ·Ҳһ΢ӣǰѦСӣͻȻһҪ顣
ѦСӣĳһʮǸҪ˵
Ѧһɵɵʲô£
δҽ˿βʱܽˡΪСҪʼǮȢϱˣܰǮˡ
Ѧһԭ£æ֣Ҳ⣺ûϵûϵǮġ
֪ѦСϲκ⼸㲻ԸˡȵĽ죬ѦСѾݣҰջȥ
ѦѾ˶Է˼üЦģϵСȲ֣βͬѹֲסģüһź޵ɰʺ죬ѩ׵ļ׺һ˼
ѦС֣ʵֿƲסֵЦ죬ðССãð
Ժݵ졣
ԷС·ߵһ̲סĴչȥһ㣬İúܽ˴˶ܸܵ˴˺ϢǵıǼֻҪٹȥһ㣬ܴһһ̧ͷעŶԷ۾ܿˮͫĵӰ
ΧƺĪĿʼ£һֵ⿪ʼҴܣһ˫һۣӶԷķ˿һ·¿ɨ޵ɰ룬һ˫ǳķһֿʼ£̵ͦıǼӹɫӣҵ˫ͷĿȥ˰øˣѦ鲻Խı۾
ڼȥʱͣˡ
۽ǵɨɨԱߵı̲кһĹϹ߲ˣﲢʺϷһЩ顣
ѦСӣȥ·òãһϲģÿ㡣ѦǺעεģڳ˵ʱרŵ·ҽճҩҲרŵļ·ι䣬ҲҪʢװ磬ǣ΢ʾһ¡
Ѧٶ۵ĻعԷĻҲϸ룬ֻɵɵĵ˵ͷͰնԷҪȥˣʵĵԼԼĲʲô
ܻԼĻ¼ʮǰЩ˲·˼ԼϲķҽЩ·Ҳûдȥ˿أѦסͨͨѡԼϲһѣٵĻȥ΢һͷʯ૚˼
Ѧ黻һɫΪ׵ѣϻŷŵһƣЩ֣һɴ£Щط͸ŵɫͷѩ׵ķɫʯմ£īֱɢ䵽䣬ɫҶ⹴ճϸϻҺ塣
ʢװ֮ߵԺȥֿˮߵ裬һûܹȥǻߵ˶Էߡ
ߵԼߣҲڣֱסԷ֫ЯŶԷһڿշݶ
ȻѦһ̲סһͷԼһڷ֮ϡ
˲һİһ𣬱ǰƲ񷻹Ʈ캬̵ԶɽΧһƬǲβʮ˼ңԺŷ緢΢춯ζҶ岨һƬʱʱ޽ǵĳǱ紵繵Ʈ˵Ĳߣһ
˵۾һ§סԷ֫һְֻסĺףͷϣͬޢҩһĴ꣬Ĵдŵˮһʼֻ̽ǾԽ
ʱؾĬߵķҲܲ紵Ҷ죬Ψһܹоģ˵Ϣ
ãҲ֪˹ã˲ŷֿ
Ѧ۾ﷺӯӯˮ⣬ƺЩˣûƣȴҲһ̳һƵģԺı˵ֱۣЩز߸ߵݶϣҲ·Ʈûн̤ʵصʵУԱ˿ٱӣ૵һ
ɶԷԼ֣һֻһ̳ӻûһƣͷһ˽ȥ̳һƣ̳ڸڴţȴѦĻ֮
оƺܶΣʵ̲סˣѦСӣ˵һѵҲεЩ
ͱ˵㡣
Ѧ鱧˶ԷֱۣһֳŶԷ䣬һ죬Ʈ˵ʱûԼͷҧġֺ¡
ҾμߣֻҪһ߿ͺˡѦһֻգɵɵЦ¡
ʧЦˣָָ̧Է֣ⶺǸ𣿡
Ѧ˳ŶԷָͷ˿ԼŶԷ䲻ŵצӣԷղϷʵ̲סһͬҲָһ£Ųһ
ðҲԭϲң˪ǲǣ˵֮󣬾ʰϺЦɫ촽䣬˵ݺʱͬǧ겻ĺһ䵭˵Ļ͸һɱ⣬ѦСӣſĳ֡
Ѧ鱻ͻȻıһıס˶Էֱۺ䣬ţҪţҪק䡣Ѧ鱧ŶԷֱֺۣƵ˼£ǳţ㻹ǲɡ
豻ԷһģģǱëļһƵģ̲סƹˣı֧飬ֻʣһ˫Цһβŵ΢죬̧Ѧһ£սѦСϲңϲң
Ѧ鿴ǰߵĿգѵôһ㣬ҲشԷĻģŶԷٶִ󵨵ڶԷһڡ
ûعζȴٺӣӣôϷȥˣ
Ѧ±ŵû궼ˣһ͵ǱץĸоǱ˵ץ־޲ƿеƬԼȥˣɫܵѪݶҪȥ
æ§סСĶȵ㣬ҵ֡
ѦԼԴڶԷУˣ
ѦݶϷȥСܴڵ½ǣΪŶҽˣŶӴ޷޷˼ҩ֮ÿҩԡЩԽԽãҲҪ˱ţǺԼɷ˻Ӽߵ˻شá
Ѧ֪żҷ֮󣬸һĪȫ¶֪˵ĸоԼؽ¼
޷ȷ϶Է𽥻ָ˵ͷǷȥң޷һʩ룬ʩ֮дһҩ֮찴ҩԣֱ峹ȬÿϵҩԡҲɶϡ
ŶͷҪԼ뿪ʱȴס壬ҿȣҪҪҲһΣѪͨ١


54 
Ѫͨ٣ҪôѪͨٷŶȷʵۣÿ춼ҪĻʱһɾǴ죬һάֵľˣͽ۽۵ģʱ򵹻ãʮԽԽأʹۻʲôƣƺֱۣҲۣҲۣƾѹһ棬ǳܡ
Ȼ۵ҲڿɽܵķΧ谭ж˵ʱȥസ£ҪܹʹǾٺòˡ
ĳѣϱУŶſϣֳֳתһȦ֮󣬵ڵĻԪھתֿתѩҲʱ̹ǣʱطѵԣβŶԷδÿһµʱ򣬶ؼĵطһƬƵ⡣
ŶſȻ⣬ΪԷҪԼģȴоһӲϣۣȴһĸоԷÿһ£ڹؼѨλ֮ϣѨλ׼µʱ򣬻һʹۣٶʪصʱ۾͸ӵԣݼŵġ
ʼʧ֮ǿطͷ·𱻵ȼһѻƵģԼ˵һ𣬿ʼڼ֮ӿڳѻʪأ·ĵطͨһɺܾû鵽ɺ֮䡣
һյʱ䣬Ŷվʱչһ壬ֻоһľͨƣѾõ˯˺ܳܳһʹûˣɵ״̬Ѿþöû鵽ˣ·ǻصʱһ
軹һЩѪҩԷԺƣȵʱ򣬼ǵþҩԼĨԼ갴ѹ
Ŷ鸶ֻֽţǸоʮɣ·һʹ̲סܵԼӴ޷ߣҪұȥɣ
Ǹвסģ徫ѵ˳棬ʱɵ
ҲҪԼߡ޷òκϵ֢Զµ·ˣĻԸ˱
ұһ·ɣһһȦ⡣
߿㣬ɱһؼҿŮ
վҽĿǰһһһȴһؼҵĶޣ۾˼Ц⣬ջҽ￴ȥĳ˻ڻ¼Ը
衿
Ƶ㣺475
ʱİʮʱ
ЩڻشȻشҽ˲࣬ǸΧĽַھβƽһҲʮˣǿǿ֧ƽ⣬˿ܿ죬ʮҲûлѶʱ䣬ܶ඼ͨķ纮ԵСزĲ̫شãͨС輸㿴۾ͿԿҩˡ
ŵҪȥףζҪʼǮˣҪѦСȢؼңôҲҪǧӣҪٰԺ䷿ӶӣҪ׼Ƹ񣬻ǮýˣѰҪУίѦСӡ
Ǯʱ١
Ժһ̲ס仰
ǰǮˮɢṫӣӹޱȣû뵽ԼһҪʼǮˣٴӽ쿪ʼڣ©Ҫѧ©ϵĿһһһβ©ס
Ҫô׬ǮǮأҲȷʵĥĥҽϵͳȻʱʱвĳ˵һƵ㻻һӣҲһ׬Ǯĺ÷Ƶ㻻Ǯʲôģе㡰ǮļӸС
ƵĳҲȷʵܺ׬ˣϾƴ󲡻СֻһƵ㡣
һϵƵ㻹ЯǿǿҲʹոٵӣĿǧӣȷʵصԶ
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ǸǼϵ⣬þһ¹ͷָͨͨҲˡɣ˵ԼëҪۣ迴˶Էۺȴϵء
ϥѾǳɼˡ
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ҲëǱԣҲȷʵ棬ǰŵҲ֪ʲôط˼£ϵۣƺϾʧˣ˶ůģѪĸоͷ·صʱһ
£
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ҰϥϵľɼҲһΰɡ
ͷղʱʣǲ˼ľʹӦˣǵӴžѨλޱԷۣҲӦõô£
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ˣ̲סʹ۾ἸǲܿƵð
ԭڷСѦɱУ̲סðԼԴ̽ͷһۣȻѦСһþͿޱ򣬺ŵĺ壬֣ץڶԷϥϡ
Ѧ飺
ѦСͻȻҲһϥۡ
عͷѦ飬ֿ˿һĺ壬ټϺ廹һ֡ƭСҲһ󣺡
ܾôʱĻе㲻̫ԡ
˺üӰʵ̲ס˵Ϊʲôѻôۡ
ո۵ʱжôãϥǵʱ۵öô
̫ˡ
ˣ۵ҲǻۣҲˣҩûȥһһΣºͲˡ
帶ҩǮ۽ǻỨҩ뿪ҽݣһߣ̽Ŷ˶ȣԭͳصϥǹ˲٣̲סعͷлһҽ


55 ܺ
ƵˣһµڶӣټǸҩǮҲһʲС֣Ŭһ㣬סܼҵ֣ܹǮӭȢѦСӵʱָտɴ
˼ˣЦеĳߵѦߣסҪܵС񣬵٩óˣ
֮ǰֱ۲ţΪ͵һ±ץ͸ʲô˵һҲҪ㡣
ҡû㰡Ѧе㲻̫ϣתƻ⣬˸ղ˵õʲô
һûһŵģƤ̧Ҳû̧ѪͨҪҪҲԣ
Ѧ㱻ԼĿˮǺ̲סƳƳϵĳѣʵҲԷõӸ˼ҴѨԼҲһصģϴεϥǡ²ϸ룬һϥۡ
ϥۣƺҲеۣѦ̲ס̧౻ӶǿС⡣
㰡ʲôƺǴģͬⲻͬ⵹˵仰
ǡǾ԰ɡѦĵҲͦģ˵ӦǺġ
УǾȥǱŰɡ
ѦʱǺģԹɵİָʾһС۾û˿վϣɵֽλöڵĺҲͦúֱƷǳƯңԷڻŸոݶϵ·
۾ƽȣչ̵ͦĽëһСƵɢ۾ܱߵƤ۶ϸӸµӽǿȥĿԷͷϵһ㣬պŵӣ촽طղųģǳ³ĻƵĴС
ԷƽӣӿǰˣľԼЩĲȣȻʼһԳоԺﲻԾĻ˵ׯʱ˵Ǽ仰
С򣬻ûװɣ
ԺζͶˡ
ǰЩ鲻ȤģʱԼһӶЩȤԴӸղݶϣǰ˵Ĵ˴˵ĺŶԷ㡭ֻǶݵܽӴȴָоȷʵνζҲ˺档

ϵĵһԼüģЩȱ룬ȵʱ롣
Ĭ˼ľƽľ֮еĳѣַǰ˵Ѧ鰤˼º۾ȷʵۣұѨλϣůůķǳʣʪĽϣ·ĺʪɢˡ
ҹûϢðɣѵջ䣬̧Ѧͷļİ˰
ҡ졭ѦȷûϢãһҹշתࡣ
ˣҲ˵ˣ֪㣬󻹶Զȥι䣬ǰԼؽҩ㡭˵˵ţ̲סЦˣȭͷһ촽ﻹǴżԵЦ⣺ȻҪǡҲιСԡ
Ҿû뵽ιСԾȻôأ㹢ڻðɺðɣһԺרŽιˣҲˡ
ѦСӣԺҵӥͺãôι
ȻҲñ
Ѧ鱻˵ǺȻԷ˵öʵǴӶЩЩ߾ҲҡѦСһ˵˰죬ջҲһ˵ǣһ챿˵㡣
Ѧ̧䣬ڵͷԱɥϵԣιСȷʵܡ
ҿ϶СԶģҲš
ЦˣԷ֣ϵҶҲÿѦСˡ
ǡѦһڵʱҲʱˣҪȥռ𣿡
ãҲųԹûãȻҳǱҲͲ˹ɣ
ȷʵ͹㲻԰
ҾͳԡʵСܺģСԺˣٶҪ⣬СʮձҲܴպһ٣ʳܰβŲ
֮һȥιСԣԹ˻ѦߵʱѦ黹ģͷһҩݸİ裬ҹ˯ǰǵóһߣ󱯴ϲҹﲻ˯֮˯ǰ̫࣬úЪŰɡ
ѦӹԷϵǺҩ裬󣬻һֱƿӿվԭص裬ֱת䣬ԷҲ
ĿѦ뿪ҲûлҽݣṦȥɽҰɲҩȥˣ͵ǷʳҹԣҹҩҲûʲôġɽϲҩҲɳժĲҩЩͨĲҩ˰ɣ˼ҲҪƣṦ׿ȥȽգƽԵִĵطȥժ
һһҲò˶ʱ䣬һʱԣһҩƣֵӵģ赱ȻҲֱȥҩһЩȽõҩҩ衣
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56 
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57 
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Ѧر۾ŵ˼㡣
Цͷһ˫һЦݣŴɣһ⣬һ¡
Ѧ۾ǰ۾ԥҪǹȫ˵أ
ҵСӣ㻹˵ôңǿܷˣʲôأѨˣܣ㳭飿˺ˣڳһŵı飬ǿ̸ˣ˵˲㡣
֪ղŸû飬۾ȫˣҶģû㿼㣬һģ
Ѧһ˵ˣ˲˵ڵĻ쿼ʱɣסֱۣ̲ס¶СУ̧־סԷСУЦ㿴ոǾʹ̸š̸ѦС̸̸֪ʲô˰ɣ
Ѧְ̧ѶסڶƵģǲ֪
ˣǲ˵ЩŵĶ˵ģϴ˵ģҪٸ֪ʲôʱõѦСӵȻղ˿費òϣڸ˿ϵʱеĪ뵯ˡ
˵硣
ȴ֪˵⻰Ѧ飬ˡ
Ѧ鱧ֱĬĬϻؼʦʱš
Цһ󣬱һ·صҽݣʱҽȻʮˣȫشÿģѦ󣬷һѵȫǷʪﲡ鷴۵ܲˣҽ
ҲΪϴ޽ҽͷ֢ʱ軹Ϊһ·ʪ˳˶ԷһЩʪҩȥһʱ䣬ʪȻ첻ҲˣԼ棬ȥϹ԰ڣΧͬʪʹ棬Ҳشҽ
Щ˵ķʪ֢вͬһһι󣬿˲ͬҩȥڷã˳Ҳ˼ĻõʪЩϻʪҲʪҲһˡ
ϵʪһʱͷεú𣿡
ѾЩˣβá
ҩȷʵоöˡ
ܲ۾ͺãˡ

׷ʪʪԤϵЩҽҲҩ࣬ѦͬæµԼĵģȻϲ˲ץҩҩҩ츳һֻ͵С۷һҽﴩȥġ
ôҽһЩ֮Ǵ˳شõĴಡҲ͸ˡҲ⼸ѳ֡
æһ죬Լ򣬱˷ʪ򡭡
ȻҲķˡѦ鿪ĵҩǮеʱСҩǮǣȷʵԽԽˣһ𽻸Ѧ顣
һѵԼðܼӲ̫
ǻôŲܻȥ
һʼ˸취ڷ˸ӣǮȥװǮﲻǺֱ̹һȥҩڳһͱһӣǮؽȥŵӻȥˡ
ѧһȴֺǮʽ


60 ɹҩ
϶ǳ⣬һ壬·ϵɫƣдŵɫٹЩǽɫǿңպŨ޵չܽǣõĹâнʪɢ
ʪ˻ϲģչ˾þϲѵãɹĺʱ򣬸ҸҪѱͷҳɹһڻشõĺԺӣü㣬ÿһ϶һԲε˸ɫҩġ
ϸĲҩչ·ǵĹ⣬ԺӶҩ㡣
Ѧڵϣһҩ̺ãչϣüۣĳһ˿򵥵𣬳֮⣬滹һɫ׺̴ľС«С«ڷ˿ҡ
ӳ߳ʱ򣬿ıһĻϢϢߵ˶Էȥ
վڶԷڶԷС«Ͼһ£ѦЩյĻͷŪͷ
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ǰȥɽժġ֮ǰȥٿӲǮʱⷢµµĹȵǳһƬҰɣʱɫĹӣժ˼ζǱһ
ѦɫĹҧһڣĹӸͷҲ֭࣬ζǳ󣬻дһɶصᣬģǳóԣŨǿҵ֭ˮŨ˳֮ﻹ̴㡣
˵ȥժĺѦĹӾ͸ˣȥϴ֣һھߵСϣһɣء
Ĺڰ״ɫŨ쳣Ѧ˼̧ιߣҲ
ͷ˼ÿһ쳣ôоѡһЩ
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ζãеĶˣһЩɣؾơѦŹӣ૵˵
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ְڶԷϸСϣָմҩԷݶӨУʰ׶ϸչ˰ϸۣǴźƵģǳĿ
С⼸죬ҽ˸ɫʪߣȿŧİ߰ߵ㣬ڿһƬϸȣ¸ϲ
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İѦ鿴ǵǳɫĺۣǰһİ̺ۣ̺Ҳʮ꣬ͻȻʧЩᡭȻҲֻ΢ĲӦˣʧٺò顣
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Ѧʱ򣬻һĶãԱŪ˸С¯ӿֱֱϣõľʵɣع
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ҲιѦһֱöԷԼݵĲ裬˳ԿݲȻȲ㣬Ҳϵȡ
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һƷ˼ֱѦҪˣʢһ࣬˵ǰһõĻǰǸ롣
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˵˵滰
滰ǡҵ˕D֮Ҳûȵʲôֻ࣬·С̯Ϻһ벻̫óԵļ˿࣬Ҫ͕DĸãҵĴȻ㣬Ļ
Ϊʲô
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򡭡ôǲѻ˵ҪεĲˣһҪ
βҪ˵ԵܰѲ֢κҾǺô⣬Ҳ˵ΪһЩ֪ʵ⣬ѾдǲǣûµĴ𰸣ûҪ˵
ңѦޱ²͸Ҵ𰸺òã
ƫ˵

ѦСʹ˻ԷǲڣǺֱκ
һԿڵġ
ĳҲڴһĵ
Ѧһɰా֮󣬱̧˻شſڣʱգٰǵĻشֿʼˣŷҽſ˳ӡ
ЩشſڳĶǲˣΪҲء
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̫̫ˣˡ
ʱеĳ·ſֵ˳ӣһ߹ȥѯһͷСӣҽģ
Ǹͷ⣬һĪָָ̧Ϸ㲻ۿҲҽݣ
ˣָҵԥ⣬ѵ𣿲شãȷʵҽݵ֡


61 ۹
Ǹͷ´һۣ˶ԷϣȻҴִĶԲԣشþˡĴ򣬺ó
ҽݣôడ
˭˵ҽݾͲˣ

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Ǹմʸҽģ˼Ҿָһ̸˵ҽݣðɣǵȷһҽݣȻſ࣬ΪſΧһȺˣЩǸˡ
ԱߵݵҾͽҽҴȥ
ݵͷ֮ȴ˵ȥҴɣҿΧôˣҲȥŶӳ࿴
Ӧˣβſڵ˿ȤҲ˵ǲȤڿҽżʱ򣬻ǻ̲סӣζˡ
ҽͼҽݵİ´ǳῡ־ɣҲһһɣôЩѧӣһķīϢȴȲǰλ
ŶԷһĪͬβĸо
λӣҲҪ׼ƿ𣿡
һ飬һ㶼ϲԣɨ˼ۣͰһҩඪԷϳִ⼸һͼüǲ˼жϣʱȺ򣬿ҽһҩȥõø죬ȻҲҩȥԼ塣
岻ڵȻѡҽ˰ҩҩϣϵĴЩȥȻģִд֣Щϻãƫƫȴǳϣʵ̫ѧϰˡ
ҽźԺưæҩݴʱȴһߵߣʮֵܣ֣ҽݵȷʵ̫óˣֲôˡ
ôֿ𣿡
ˣѾҩ࣬ٺһҩɡ
ݵͷһ̲סп⻹ֵĸȻҿûпڸȵζࡣ
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һϷҩŶԷ࣬Ͳζǹڱǰ̲סĶðˮ㰡
ûŵ֣ζҳԹóԵ࣬ҽпڸ
ôͲһ롣
Һҩ࣬ǲΥֵ壿
֪Ͳѡһѧ
ʱҩ˵ǰʮĽӹҩ룬ЩԼܹǿ಻ԣһžʪһӵĳζѬԴ£ߵݲԹҲͲó˵ʲôǴˣô
ǷҲԲ㣬Ҳ˯ãҲˣߵλ֣Ե㣬˯úãҹﻹϴ࡭Щˣ©ƫҹ꣬ϻĪĺ촯ҽȿҩԷ࣬Ա֮£һᡣ
Ϊʲô
ͷһҩȥʱ˿
ҩݸ˳㿴һ۶ԷߵݣҲѰҽβģ
ʱҲòЩԻתĲˣϵĲ֢ܣҲҪȳһٺóԵ˵
ָָԼʮֲ⣺û
ıӡ
ʱڻȻˣԶԶԣҵı⣬ʱͨʱͨģأҪ
ⲡ𣿡
ܣѣҸ㿪ҩá
ʱһԵ̲ס˷ˣԷҲҪԿҩѵܣֵиͬͬˣҲҪȺüĿҩ𣿡
ǵҲǺȿҩ
ʧˣλƵĺֵܣ˲ҲҪʡ
ȥץһЩҩģܿ˵ߣֱһ𣬾ͰЩҩϸ˿״̬һŰֽЩϵҩ˿𣬾͸Ƶģҩ˿һȥ˻ðѬӡ
ݵȼҩ˿ڱӱѬѬһһǿҵǺζıѬǽһһѬֻ֮ԼһӵĿζ
Ĳ״סԼıӣ뵽ǻǲҪиͬͬĺá
죬ζ̫ˡԼ۾Լղźȹ඼ˡ
˲ˣҸоԼƺˡʲôζҲ̫ˣ̫ˣ
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ٵʮѬҩ˿ԺÿѬһΣºɻָ
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¿ǲòȡͬ
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ŵĻζԱߵĺЩ˶ܽҽǲˣѦҲűܳЦһӸסڱǣԼȴǲκζ
ΪѾǵķסϢ
ѦӷãһѬܣסļ򣬹ĵʵҪҪס
˵ָͳ롣
ѦҡҡͷܵԺȥϴɣȥǲԸŵǹǺ˵ζͬҲֶ뵽ܡ
迴ߵıӰ鲻ԽĹһЦ
衿
Ƶ㣺875
ʱ˰ʮʱ
ԼƵ㣬Щ˳Ⱥķʪˣʪ֮ĲԼСС߰Ĳ֢˲Ƶ㣬ڼȥˣﳤ۵ಡˣҲˣɫ磬ҽĲҪǰЩٺܶࡣ
ЩƵܶһӣټڿһ𣬻ҩȥҩǮӰ˴Ҳһǧӣ͹ٰһլԺ
ǹŴִҪɼҡ򷿰ɡ
ѡһҽеʱ䣬ܿѦ飬Լҽݣȥҳ˿ӣȻ֪ϵǮլԺܲһʱܶģҪ࿴լԺ
żӻش˳ȥ
˷ˣ˳ˣ
ʱԭڶ¥һûһԲƶϵ÷ߵ̨⿴ȥþͿҽİˣֻȺԵúȺһ׿ȻֻԶԶؿȥҲƵĳԷòʾѡ
Ʋɵõ˵ͷҶӻǺ۹ġ



62 ˮ
λܾˣκǰЩ죬ʺϳҹ߻ҰһֱûŻᣬҶʣҰŵҽݶԶԶĿԷһۣҲò˵￴øӷԸõӡ
ڴߣĿͶԷʧڽֽǣֻǿϧܽ棬Ȼ⿴Է·ʱ̬ƣͬ£Ѿ黶⡣
ԷԼҺӻǷǳģģóվһһԡ⼸ƴٸλйصϢ˵ԷҽܸߣҲãΪƣҲߡãƫƫǸ
ҲûʲôõģɷҲǸ
Ŷש뵽Ե֣ҲѦڵıӣڤڤ֮УᣬһѦҽݸȥ
Щ죬شҽĵǺܶడþöûп־ˡ
ĺãվͲˣԼз˴ȥ
ڳ¼ҵСԺͤλ˴һ֣гƣɷ򿪾ƹݵƷˣ̵ͬˣԼɽԺںķЩˣһһߴƣһ˵Щҳ̵ġ
Ů˼ҴһĵĻԼɷͺӵ顣ҼҶиԵ£˭ҵ߻ĸСӹȥ˭ҵĺӣڳʲôëǸѸҲټޣɷ棬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ΨһĵľСѦ顣
ѦҵģǵģҲˣһҪѰһź²С˰Լеƴ˳ȥĵЦһ¡
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κڣɷûˣҲûˣŮˣֻʣһС˫ߣ˵ЩǮģαգ۾ǴȴҲ˿Ľˡ
οС˫£ҲöԷ
˿ں󣬰ѻתƵѦϣļҲŴˣǰͲС˰ɣ˵׵ҲΪһѰ͵Ķ綨ˡ
Ҳ̫ˣѡʵˣҼҶŮʮ͸ǺӣǺǸģ˾˾顭
˵úӼ޸ӣٰǵĶ㿴ϣصļҲȥ

ļһƣǰЩÿ˵СӵĻ£˵ŲʵżˣţʱҲżˣҼҺԼ⣬ҾȲģҽأҲ
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ѰӵܰɣǮܳģ϶ϰҲ࣬ѵüҽ̺õҲ类˸ˡ
ɣеǲ򻢱Ͼǹ¶ĸģӦЩԸŶģ̯ӹҲһѡ
ѡȥģʵԾ
˼ˣƲԸռ⡣
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ͻȻѧҸѰٵģҲý̶ãʮµģָ¾С
ﵹʶһղҲǸ˫Ұɡ

ԼҵĶŮ֮˵˱ҵİ£˵żլҪˣҲ֪ᱻ˭ȥ
֪żҵլӣѦҲԶ͸ӣżҵլӣǰҲǻʽģĿǰٰԶġլ˵ˮ̫áżҳ˸ͽѼҲˣҲŮϣͬʣ¶ĸģǻĲݴլ
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ƵСվżլſڣǴȽȥլ˵ʱǴլӵҲˣһģ˽ȥ
˽ȥһţӭĵձڣߵǰ߱ණСţ˼ҵңС¥ҲԺӵвһСˮļɽˮɽͤȵȽ԰̨֮ĿݣǰǲҲ鴦֮ĵطڶѾտҲ
ҲһС԰֣ԼĪʮĶشСõĻ㲻µġкĵǰʢʱֻլԺ䣬ֵǮĶˣֻüͽıݣЩɽˮ˹ĲݴưܲߵСͤҲһݣԵúǻ
ţò̾˵ҺѡҪǰͷԺߣֹǾò죬ֱɭɭĹ졣
Щû޹ľѾߵΧʯϣҲ̦ӲݣվԺеǻɽˡ
ҺЩ쾭ͱڣҲĵط
ԺӣûͦԵģȻլԺѾưˣǵƺλöѦܽشҲط࣬ԼĪȱΣ۴ȥشãȥѦǲľ룬ֽֿ·Ҳ޵ĲǺ˰
Ժ䣬Ĳ軹⣬һ߿ţѾһԺ֮ҪôһЩطòĲ𣬸ؽĽֲԺʺϴĸĽ
˵լԺˮãСԼһܿˮȻԺưܳȷʵˮզصӣɾһģ軹ǺаŪ÷ˮĵط
լԺءһ²
Сרβ


63 ķ
լԺҪһǧ
ѾüЦȥլӵˣãһݹ᾵ĶʮǰżСүűԪźصĳѣȻ·úܺ񣬵οȴ˾һݹͷһ
ɫ԰ף촽ûаѪɫһ㲲һӣһ߻һ߿ԼʱסԼ죬Եʱǻġ
ȿȿȿȿȡҪ򣬿ȿȿȡԺӣżСүҲǸʵϵˣһߺݺݿԣһ߻İԺӵĹȥ˵Է˶˵լԺˮã˼ҿˣҲǿѨ磬ˣز
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šȿȿȡżҡȡ
ȵܣԼҲܣϵ̧֣ڶԷǰ£űԪֻоǰ˲᲻ص£ôǸط¶ŵһ͵Ǳʱɢһ
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űԪ̾һҴ򿴹ˣҲòˣҲҾҪӣҲֻϣܱĸߵ㡭˵ЩˣλӣҪ࿼ǿǲǣԺ˼˵ˮãأȴд°
ѾǹˣԺӵķˮҿŻãڲҲȷʵˣǸ򡣡
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żүôǰλ¹һ㶼򣬵ǸͻµķʿҲķʿŻԴ벻ѡǼҵլԺͥԺӣȻưˣǰȴƵͦţʰʰһ£͸һʫ黭⣬ҹˮСͤ;á
ҲΪˣżүһߣȻöԷǸķµĲҪˣ˵լӼ֮Ҳվںʯϣӣһɫһ߿ȳѪ´ݣӡ
ЩӪƵ̼˼ңɿԺӡ
ͷûǸٰشõôҪΪ𣿡
شõĴ򣿻شд𣿡żү۾һ˿ã
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شдҾǻشĴ衣
ԭ򰡣ϵĲҲָܻĶãֻٶ꣬ҵĸա
ңҸκˣٻʮʮ궼⣬ϾүҲŶʮɣᣬô
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ǰйԼģǱ˼˻ˡ
κϵĲ𣿡
ЦЦԱ֪ҿҩӣ鷳үȥҩڱΪʩһΡ
űԪԼլӣóЯ̫ؾ룬ʱ֮űԪԼͨ࣬պҩҲˣһҩȥǾ泩꣬Ѿþöûоùˡ
Ȼֿ˼ȴ֮ǰǰ˻ߡ
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űԪ
ԼؿڣλӦǶԸֲ˽⡣
ǣԷóθĻűԪܲҲΪĸһ
ĸףҲŷˣʧ֢ʱϲκˣֻĬĬĴᣬһҪʧüΣҹҲշתߣξѣ״ΣݣѣۻĽֻҪһ紵ݶ;ʧֲ̿ѡ
ⲡ֢ǴϷȥծż֮ʼģҲһĶ̫̫ˡ
űԪȥĸŷˡ
ŷ˸űԪվһһ֪˾ĸӣ˶ݹ᾵ģŲƮżլԺҲֲùء
֮ǰ࣬һƬأС͵һС˽ڼײ԰ĻԼĸӣҪŵû궼ûˡ
֮󻹻ᴫżֹ֮Ļ
ŷ˼飬ԷңѪʧ־ӦܵǿҾ̼ĵµ־űԪŷǱż֮´̼ȣܾܴ죬Ըʵ־棬ʧݱĵʧ֢
ĸ׵Ĳ𣿡
԰ɡĲ֢ҪҩΣҩȴҲһЧȫҪԼԣ飬߳
ȥŷһȶԷеѣȴǵŷ˵棬߶ϵھõӴһġ
ģʱתͳʱ೤һġı˺ͿﻹӵǴдӣܹ尾·һտһ尾
κŷ˵ϾˮһĸߵűԪҲͬ棬ơ
һֱãģģĸһ㡣
ӺʺŽ޹һѻйȥ嵹һЩ
ǰû·ϴ׵ʱ򣬲СĻ·ˣһճԶеӲŸ˵·ϴӣ鼤棬ֱŰؼˡ滹Щ£ͦһѾġ
˺ҲҴˡ
ʱĵһͣٱ䣬һӴ˳һ滺ӣǸܵһ㴺յϣңȴů


64 

գеĳѣĽ䣬׺ŵһͷб£̺Ӻѩӳ׵ĸӴ⣬øң׵ĵתһĹ⻪
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Ļ֮űԪĸʱŻѣһֱصŸղĵ֮Уô֮
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лᣬĵ
ͷָŷ˰ѹ¿һҩⷽÿպشø
űԪԼĸһۺ۾ϲøǰİ´Եĸлл򡣡
ѾҪżҵլԺűԪԼնȥٸӡ
Һĸ׺ձܰ롣űԪլʱ򣬾ѾһͶԺĽֱС¥ֻȱûǴС¥ھլˣýǴ淿£Ⱥĸ׵Ĳ֮󣬻Ӫ
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һ£ʵʢ᣿ỹʲôԢ𣿡
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룬ľԸǰҡ
شǱȥһ·ϣǷĽʲôӣӣͤջȵȣҲˣ̻ϢߵһʱȻѦ˵мŵǧͷļãְϣ˫һһɨ·ߵĵ̣ҵҵ̣һǧͷҽݡ
ҵŵĵ̣׼߹ȥʱ豻˴סˡ
㰡
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غٰǸˡ
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òװ꣬غʵڴĸִٰʱһסðҵ衣
غ̲סĴ϶´ǰİˣԷһ²Ⱦ˳Ȼһ忡µģ̾͸пǼĸǣңҲԸЧ£Ĵҽˡ
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ļܺãǰغ㣬ͻȻԼ˵Ļ
Ϊҽݣһء
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ҽ
ͬһطҽǵͬΣ
ԣ޴ֿܡ

̲סӣǰغ㣬ֻǵ˵һ䣺иԵ
ǰиԵغˬһЦ
غСһǱԷлˣغ㿴ŶԷȥıӰһ̲ס̾
Ҳ֪ʲôʱٴ˫
غ̾һҲԵüˡ
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Ѧ֧֧ᣬе㿪ĵ𣿡
գգ۾̧ڶԷվһ£ȻģĺˣҲܵģһҪס
㣬ܰ׹߰Ѧҽҿ˿Һʱûˣ䶼쵽ˡ
Ȱ׹ߵһֱʲôʱȥס
Ѧ̲סֶ̧סǰ˵죬۾Ĵܳ߳ŭĻ棬һ˫۵ɵôģ·˵㻹˵㻹˵㻹˵㻹˵
۾Ц⣬ʵʵԷַס죬ûз̧֣ʳָһĶ
ѦСӼǰɷʵ֮ŻջԼ̵֡
֪ƤҲٹ۸ǰţ˵ĻѦԷԼۼԷţŷһƬҩޣͻȻе쬵ĺ¡
裺
Լһʱѡ˵ط
ӣߵѦߣͻȻ˱ڻĶЦղɷҪҵ㣬ͻȻ麦³㿴Ҷˣкܶ룬ԱңҪǲʵʵشСѦҺˡ
ղŲ˵Ҫұ𣿡
һҪʣҿ϶ʵʵĻش𡣡
ҲˡѦ鱻Էڻֻ˵ķҲôסǰ˵ֻҪͻȻʧͺãҪ뿪ٰһҪһ
Բ飬Ժ϶һԵĳҽݣÿγŶ㱨вУ


65 
ǵҲءѦԼֲС๤ô춢ŶԷء
Цһ˵벻ɡ
ѦͷԷļ򣬴˽˵Ȼǡ롣
ԺС๤Ͱ˿εģҲܲˡ
Ѧ૵Ҳץ㰡
˵ʲôҪô˵Ҿˡ
Ѧ͵ذǰ˵֫øһЩĹŶԷװͰ͵ܣֻѦСӵߡ
ܲܣˣЩǧͷҪҪ֮ǰ˵ŵǧͷܺóԣһʱ·һЩǼҵʮ֣һòŵȵͷֵʱ䡣
ҳȥΪ㶫ˣĸĲ鶼ʮأҸҽһʱѦ£һͷͬʱϸϸ˵Լȥȥʲô£û˵ԼլԺżҵլԺư֮ܲˣٴѦСȥ
ǰͷ꣬л˽ҽݣ뿪ҽݵʱҲвٲҽ֢ѦתȥҽݵģȴصĲ֢ǵȻ߸ˣѦҲûȥ֪˶ǰҽ˹
ԺһЩӣҲʰˡ
Ӧöһ򡣡شֻһ뿪ҽֱûд״̬
š
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ǡһЩѧĶѧʮ¾ͺˡѦƮ̧գϣԼܹ㣬ѧһ׹ȥӡ
ǺðɣˣҪҹΡ
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ϧԷˡ
Ȼʱ軹֪ѦĵӰ
Ѧֻ֮̾һĳѣ˷שͬͥŲͷɫࡣãҹҹɫǷãƵ»Ĵ贵ҹ磬ͷһɫ
ֻǿϧûоơ
ϧѼߣָڵѿ䶨ߵɫʼ˵ĵʼˮҹĻʣģѩ߷׷ѩҹ紵裬ѩ׵ϡ
ֽһƬ
ڻʧܿ˿ܾ˵ʲôپȤӣԺУصԼŴ˯
߽кߵСͤʯϿԲ£һƬϲ¶һ˿΢ЦЩʱûпôƯɫˡ
ҽҪúһͤԲϣһȲ裬м̸㣬ƳһӸ⣬⡣
ͤǰԶЩѾػصģѸٵεӰԺ֮ѦСϣҪ¸١
ĸ׸ûйѦԼϤһ£ϰΡ
֮ϣ¹⣬¹ļϣ˫֮ϣ°ϵ¹µԣӰӰһڵϣĻ棬续һ
ƿСӸٵģҲʲôˮˣרĵľǰСŪ١
ԱߵѾҲһڴ
ѦüĴָһŪҪʼˡ
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¸٣⻭滹ʮġ
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Ѧ飬ܲܲҪظһΡ
ﰡ٣һһε
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ٿһµ顣
ϴװϣʱ뿴Ѧ飬üģţȥѲӣһҲׯ˹ӭ˽ȥƴ˸Ƿ۽ǣͷһ²裬˿ģʵʲô𣿡
£˵żԺȥˣ˵Ƽżүȥٸ
Ŷԩͷģ
˵ǸĴ򡣡
һڲ˳ȥ
һȥɽժ߰˿ɣػ˳ҲԼǮ˳Թ緹󣬾͸żүһȥ˹ٸ
ҺöˣҪл򡣡
Ϊ˸мĸβűԪĸլһǧ裬˹ºҲ˽ס
ٰǴʱҲ˻ģΪƣһѧӵģȲеӣЩǮ󣬾Ͱݡ
غһҲǴǰ˻شãһشãҽݵˣҽвд
Ѧ鵱Ȼ׼и򣬵ȻҲд򣬶ԷҽҪȥС
غǰڸҽһӣеʱֽ⻹дĲҽĵáѦһһԷЩ֮󣬾öԷҽ졣
ҽﻹһ򣿡
ԣ֮⻹һŰȥˡ
Ҳʶһҽǳ׿ҺĽֻһҽҽ£ĺΪңǲ֪ղܵԵټ
Ѧ⻰ܾе죬
Ҳɻصҽݣһ̤ҽſڣ˼Ϳʰغ㣬
غعͷ裬


66 װͰ
غڻشﾪ裬ɴԼ۾̲ס۾ٶһԷԼǰһѩ䣬һ֧ɫĳѣβϹ̺ĺ롪Էʱһģһ
ᡢôͻȻ⣿غĿİͰ͵ģЩҧԼͷ
裺
ԼԼһ˿ƮͷδꡭȻ󣬵ȴɱŲɫ·Էû˿һ㣬ޱĳĬһʹƵ˵ҽݵĴȻ
غ㵱ɵˣ⡭
Ĳ⣬̹ϵĸףԶΣ֮ϵ֮ˡ˵ʱ̨Ѧķ˵㡣
غ˳ŶԷĿ⿴ȥʱȻԭˣԭѦСӡ
̲סĸпԵʻ棬û뵽ټĻᡣ
غеǡǾȻͬҽݵĴ
̫˼ˡ
ʱҲôҲ⣿
Ȼ仰˳ڣʵҲ³ˡ
ҡҲǻشõĴ򡣡
ף֪غҽȥߵͨˮƽ֮ϣڻشճβеģжԷԺŰµʱҽ벻ûд
֮һ£Ӧûǳæµ
Ͼ޷Ӳһɵ¡
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غ˵껰󣬱ߵ˹̨ѦߣԷʱˣһ˫۾ְס죬СС裺⡭Ƿʲô𣿡
Ѧ鲻Ұѻ˵㣬ղƺ֮ϵ֮ĶȻµĶһ𣬿ƤʱʱѦС񳬼¶Է׵¶˽ҲˣÿڵʱѦСӵƤһűֽһƵ֡
ѦСӿǰһſٱӣƺʲôʱ򣬶ԷɫҵģһĵȻ顣
̧ϵС⣬Ȼô˵̫ãѦĳһƤʮ
ĵϣ˫ЦǰССչѦСõͷڶԷͷһº󣬰ȥҽݺԺ§ŶԷ֫һ˷磬һ
赹ҲӶ֮ǰڸغĸӵ黹˵Ļȫ֪Ѧ顣һ̹ѵˣԣЩҲûʲô˵ģοѦһҪλãֻҪԷ֪ŶԷ
ΪңѦ鱧˵ֱۣͷڶԷĵļϣԶİɽ૵Ļ˵
֪Է֮Ը
ΪԷٰǣҽ
ڳһֻ֣ͷЦɵ˭ҵڶɿĺᣬڿɲͱסˣҲܲ
еѣѹŵһͷѦǰ˻Ρ
Ѧץס˻ζᣬ۾գҲգɫӵɵᡭ
ʢ᣿Цһ£̧־סѦոԼĵطһѣڵ֮Ըǰҡ
ѦԼգɵЦһô˵ĺܿģǡ˵ʱǿһǰһ˫ߵһۣôҲ˵Ļ
һϷŰû˵Ļ˵ô춼һأ
Ա˵ĵЦѦ߳ŭսСƵģԷϵĵӣԷģžžž˼¡
һôˣҾ֮ÿ춼һѦһʼǾ䷴ﻹŵװͰͣȻԽ˵ȴԽСѵضԷϣѶͷڶԷֱϣ۾εĻϣһӶѹ
ֻһˡЦŲ壬ͷڶԷüĵɰһ¡
ҡʵٰܺ÷壬Ҳ㣬ĵҪߵĻùңҲÿҵĸܣҲֹģȻҿܻѹǣһµѾ㹻ˡѦ۾죬ܿԱ˵ߣִŵ˵㱾͸СһںƵҰ裬޾ġ
裺
ݣҿǡܻõı𣿡˵Сһڮ
Ѧ飺
Ѧ۾ɳƣ˼һ㲻Ҫοҡ
ʲôο㣬˵ĺҪԲһӶԷĻԼ֣Լְ§˻ıһͷڶԷĲһů̧ͷ˸һ㣬ĶԼؿڡ
λѦС̫ûаȫˣȴ۸ȴ᲻۸
ôϲңΪʲôȴǴ󷽷뿪أһӴ𣿡
Ѧ۾˶ԷңȻģҸ㿪ĵĿһӣֻҪ㿪ˣҾ;úˡ
Цס֣һҵǸһҲϣһӿĵġ
飬ĴҪһˣ԰Ҳ˵ЩСﲻܵĻ󷽷뿪ʵװͰ͵ı˵׼ߣ˵ѦСӵģĶҲ׼ȥ
ĲˣҲ߲ˣ˵Сһðɣĳ˵ȷʵˣҪҪҰСԽг㿴ӥԸԸ뿪һԸ뿪ߡ
ιóԺúȵģˣңСθҲˣһ첻Եվ;
ѦͷڶԷðĲ˵ڰ˵Ժ󡭡ҪӿղС
ðĳˣһҲпڸˡ
ѦҲĿƵģݺݵıסԱ˵֫С°ͿڶԷϣװͰͣԺԲ׼ˣҪǸܣͰץ죬ֻ׼СԳ⣬Ա߿ţֻ
죿ѦСӣе㶾Ըҡ
룬ҲŲ㣬ۣͶ㣬㼸졣
ҰͲ𣿡
ݶϣ͡͡롱С֮һǽˣ֮ѦԺģǵǷڷһȴһβ̫һ
Ϊʲôβȥ·ˣ
裺
һ⡣


67 
ĵܲÿνǶȥ·Ϊ·Ѿܺÿˡ
ѵϴεľͲÿ𣿡
ÿÿǱֵֹ϶˺òáСǸˣѱסġ鵽ŨʱȻȻĽӸǣĻ;ͣȥ·ֲ»ݡ
ϴܹ֮ͣסѵҪϵʱǸû黹ܽͯӼ
Ѧ鱻˵һ죬Ʈɣݶǵ˵󣬱ӦİɣȻ߷
ҲûŰ
裺ڴвŵһɡ
׵̡
ΪѦȥףǾϹլϣҽֶһһҲܶڳʱ䣬ȥΪδ¼Ҷ飬ĻǾͲò¸Ѧˡ
һȥ·ӵʱûȥѦСӱԷΪˣסҪ̡Ķϼ죬ֻܿСԳ⣬Ⱥ⡣
˼ˣůС๤ڻĺһѣͶԷľԣȻ¾ף֮ҹӦòҽסˡ
С๤Ȼľըһ£ɴһ˫۾дšȻ˵
ΪΪʲô
ʱģΪỹ˵ˣٰһլӣ仧ˣأͲܴҽ֪𣿡
ģ
ʱܸ㣬ΪⷿĿǰе⣬һ޸Ľ滮һ£Ҿ߶ûУտյĲʺȥҰѷʰ޳ٴȥôﲻѦլӵһӡʧʰʰٴȥ
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ҲһϴɣأѦһĲɣԿĵģЩΪԼɣؾƸеģɱʧְҵľɴˡ
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Щζ̫ľͲЩζģɻ󣺡ôоҩ̫ԣôúˣ
ԱߵĻᳰЦҩкúȵʱ֮ǰȵѵͲˣ
ҲǿģûôѺȰ

ҽﻭ˼δḮĽͼլιȦʵѾеĽ䶼ǵһ豾͹Ŀı㽫լԺϸһһһ죬ԺѾ˳Ľƻ
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ԺĶʱһҡҩҡҡƷвҵȵȣ棬һҩԱٴѼӣټӸǧŪصֲﻨܰط
ЩֻڼƿιӼҾ֮ġԼԶ֡
Ϊһ򻨹ȵӣɲֻҽ黭Ҳ칤򻨹ȶͽֽģ˵ٸһ°ɣԼԺı£顣
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ȥ˶֮˰ľȥǰżҸϡ
˵̣ȥīֽʱСȴһɫήҵĻҰ׳ˣ㲣һѻɫǰܵϳһײġ
ͷϴŸʿñǸˣĺݣƤܰףǾڼ飬ôɻˣʱôصһײģԵЩ
ţһʯͷϳһ£æʮֻŵķ֣ܻȥԼĹľҵĹײİǧܳ£
İһ£ԭ˼ֻС̲סĶ࿴˼λŹײĵһ£ʵΪľ
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ǸôһʣѾҩɾȣҸԼ׼Ĺײġ
裺
ǳ˳飺㡭ҩɾȣӺε֪
㿴㻹ѹײϻؼңӦǲӡ
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68 ̰
죬ҵĲԽԽˡ
ʱѾ֪ðڳʲôˣǳ˳飬ܲԽԽ
ܶҩıʹһĶԣһ㶮ҽĴ򶼻ƺֻҪͲӰ죬ǰλ۵һһǸȻԵЩҩǶԵģһ𣬾Ͳɶҩˡ
Է෢ɬָ׷ڡľȫж֢״
ձƣֱϵҩԵЩﻹຮθҩ䲻ĳôຮҩȥҲһ
ԽԽҲλŹײĻؼҵ
Ĳǲжһо𣿡ԽʮּѾԺ͹ײĶ׼ˣû뵽ڻؼҵ·ϣһ˵ûвֻ˶ѣǲ֪ⶾж
ܾܲһ£
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費ٺ˶ϻߵһҵֽʣԷд˽ⶾ󣬱Ҫ뿪֮ǰȴƾΪҽߵıܶһ䣬֮Ҹ򿴿Եθķӡ
㲻˵ûֻжΪʲôҪθҩ

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һǰҽǽͻȻ־ò̫ˣôһһ˵òһ
һǶԵģ
ʵ˵öԣûоĶԴֻ֣֮ǡ

֮󣬿ǰ¶ĵ˵ͷҲ֪Ƕ˻ûУЦ̧գýѦ쳣Ĵϻۡ
ѦԼգ躬Ц۾Ī﷢ǲͦģ
ʮϵôʱ䣬ҽŷҴˣʵ㻹ͦѧҽ츳ġ
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ҽԹ컹ûȫڵ֮ǰѦСԻؼȥ֮ҲȥֵżңӦ˵Ḯˡ
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ҹԼտյ¼ңʱҲûţֱṦɽԺɨѣʼԼıɨ
Ȼʵ书ҪɨѣϾֲǲؾװģɨɮԼʲôɨɮ˷һһֱӾͰѻҳҶһˣõŶһɨѡ
Ȥʱɨɨɨػ
ˣҲֻɨѣɨһºˣһ֣Ͱѽɨһѡ
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լɭɭģʮ㣬Ҳ϶Ƥˡ
һɫ·ĺҹɫǽǰżҵլӣ˵żҰˣٹ⸮ʲôԼ©ġ
ᳵ·ҵ˵طļǽȥִӳһԺԼȣոʱ򣬿ûĸˤϣҪˡ
磬ղŲ˵ҪС˵𣿡
ˣʲôǻСΪҹģ飬ʲô紵ݶŵҪǰһ㣬СΪ
Ȼ֪żլûˣҲ͵͵ŵߣŪʲô
ڵϣһ춼Ŵ˴ֱֱۣļƤʱլķܴ󣬷紵ˮߵҡҷ԰Щľʯ￴£ûеƵҹ￴ţǾӰצ
ǵһżңǰżҹ¶ĸģһլҲֻʣҲӼȱǮ˾͸ԺֵǮĶ
Ҳ̰ÿξøһߡ
˵ż˰ˣ֪£͸Ͻҹ©¼񲻵ֵǮĶٵשʯͷʲôװƷȥҲܻǮ


69 
ԺһСľĵϵľмһбľϣֳ°ͣǰһӣǱľͷߵһ̳ӾƱֱӷ˹ѦС÷ľƣ滹ź⣬̳Ҳͨ˰ƴС
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һµķݿʼȻһһһĴӣտյģʲôǶûУûУ˲ĻľܽǺ͵ӿ˻⣬ʲôֵǮĶûС
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磬ŷ˵ʧ֢᲻ǱѻǸԡԳԳˣ
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ѦʵʵԷ٣ǺܿͰոˣǰҲѧٵģ˵жãǡһӡ
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˸ٰͨһ㡣
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Ѧѧ֮ŶԷ˵лѧ֮Ҳѧһ㶫
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˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ


70 
ƱĲˮǺ˺ü£ȥԼԺȲ趼Ӱˡ
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֮ǰ˵˶Է飬ΪԷǸƯ཭ҽȻԷʱͷһ㣬ΪԷһ㶼ʵҲԣҽ˵գһñڣͲȱǮơ
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û°ɣѦӹѾߵݹѲˮɾһ߲ţѦ黹ͷС죺
ȻѦ֪Լѧҽ츳ȷʵѣΪһͨˣ˭ܾܾ佱أ
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СԣҩӥɣɣҲǲɡ
ҲȥСԵӥѣǵԷѦСǵɺ󣬾˿ҲȤ뿪ˣһһӥظģ档
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СĻоҩʱҩҲˣǶһȱߡ
ֻҺ֮󣬾СԵĽԵСʵеõģڻ˰̽ãڷ˻ҲζѦǰҽݡ
Էִʱ䣬ողŵȶԷȵһǰŵԷҲˣÿԳ緹
ҽԹ緹غҲˣѦ˵ԼҪһˣǰϵǶĸβԭΪôѦĶʼ䣬ȴû뵽ֻЦеˡ
㲻һ
Ѧգգ۾㲻˵ҪʱұҾͲȥˡ
ģҲʣҵҡ
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ǰʯͷԼĽˡ
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ŷ˰ѹʩ֮ͷŷ˵ĲѾãվҲ
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Ҫߵʱȴû뵽ŷ˵Լи֮룬ΨԸĵ
⵹Ҳʲô£Ӧˡ
Ȼȴû뵽һӦżҵСԺֶˡˣűԪĸǼǰĹܼҺˣ⻹淿ǰˣԼ˵ļˣȫӿ˹
ֻεĴÿһЩ˵Ϊҡҡͷ뿪żҡ
߳żſڵʱӡ
ʵ봵Ѧ
ԷӦûϲİɡ


71 
żҳ֮豾ֱӻҽݵģʲôȥԼĸۡƸһʶĹܼңʮѾˣ͵լլҪһֱֻһˣտյģҪţһܼңҲһЩ齻ȥ
ǸܼңţʶĶ֣ʮ꣬ǿ׳ͣķԸͷ˵ǣ֮㰲ȥȥȥ빤ȥһЩرļá
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ʱСЩĽСǸһڹǻĳԱ㣬֪Ұȥ߶㡱ȥˡ
Ϊ㿴ҵ˲һ
Էһ仰Ѧձ죬Ѳ
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ڴôʵϸⷿӣżҸļ۸ƫһЩ˾ԲżҵլΪʰԵʵһ㣬ǵڣ˵ı仯һһƣγģܶǮ򲻵Ķǻط½һլӣҪζ֪ҪѶǮ
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Ҳϲġ
ôһ˵Ҳʮָˣһ˫һЦ⣬ҲãҪҪҴĴߣ˳һ£լӵĸͼ㿴ʲôĵطߵСϲʲôʽģҽǵ𣿻кߵСͤҪҪģ
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ǲſ÷ɣȵµʱ򣬾ɨѩͺ÷

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72 ӳ
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㡭ô֪ѦЩҧԼͷ
Ȼ˲µģѦҵĺܣʲôԸ޹ؽҪˡˡˡֵ
Ѧ̧̲ס䣬͵͵Ųˡ
˵仰۾ЦˣðҲˣʲôˣ
ˡѦְֻ̧䶼ϣǰ˼·ܴӾȵ龳ȥ
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ҵȻιСԶιЩҪ䵽ϣö
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ҪǶСԵĶûóԡ
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һϣѦ̲סһ
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ѦԷһ䡰ۺڳ׷ˡ
¶СпһЦʱϾǰ˼ЩȥΣòǻؼѧٰɣ
ѦСһȻ۾Ѿλεı¶¶ˡ˼ȴǿķǣǰؼңǡΪһؼңҿ˱ţȼһҪȥĵ̡
ЦҲ𴩶ԷŶ𣿡
ѦС͵ͷǵģǵġ

լЦһ֮˳һ˸Ľϸڣ赱¸һլӵĽͼ֮ѹйĿʼլӽиĽ
һĹúܿ죬լı仯Ҳһһģһ¹ȥ֮ԭյլԺıɫլԺ»
վˮرߣˮһʳųһβһβͮͮ磬Ѱ˼š
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73 
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һڲÿԼϵǮת־ûʵһܼӵԸӸĽҪǮøּҾҲҪǮҪ׼һѵƸЩӿνǻǮˮ
Ҫ׵ˡ
Լ˺ü죬ڽʾ֭ѡһӣȻҲóóȻȥѦף׼ĶȫҪ׼á
죬ȥץһԴͥԺţײȱٵĶ
һһޣһգԢ겻İ飬һ䡰Ϊֱ˵ľѳĴ㡣߽ϵĻϰףҲҪ׵ʱһԴȥȻҪûдĻҲùͶ֮
һԴ㱻ץͥԺʵʵĴţ赹Ҳͦõģǵÿιڰץʱ軹⾯Сԣȥɧǡ
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СԺŶ
˾ҲˣСĽѹľÿ첻ǵιȴʮȥι㣬С̬ʧ⣬ιʱܹȥ˵Է̬ױըСҳˡ
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Сǿǿɡ
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軹û߼ǰų
żҹȿϵģŹӺҼŮ䣬Ůò绨ϸҼǸ˼Źӡ
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иֶŮҲøһò绨վһ𣬾һԡ
ǸҸ˵˫˫ҲǴСʫġ
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лһѵֶֶŮھӱŮӣߵýŵסլһ߽ȥѾһڸý˵ýŲϸһǳձý࣬úǸ̬ƣһ̵ѣŸӣ˵ϳ
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İɣý㱣׼ģһѡʵģ

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74 
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ѦͻȻ˵ѧˣʵʵģҽҲȥˣڼ
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75 
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¶˾֮Ѧȥץס񻨴
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76 ɵ
һֳ䶨Ӯ䡣
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ķ˺ѦҴ˵ԺŮŮʱҲòοο
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ѵ÷˸ۣͷ⻹𣿴ӦΪʲôӦýţιһȥѶӭ
УȥѦˣҺöǴһƷõĴ㣬ҪȻԼȥ
ȻȻҪȥģһ߿˿ýţȥæŰɣȻҸ׼
ѦˣҸһôõĶһҪ㡣ýżüŪ۵Ц
İɣٲġ
վԭĿýŸιһȥ˼ҵĶ¾ǳˣֻ¶һ˿΢ЦֻСô
ѦŤŤİһʳиϣԣѾƸۣҲûʶԷôôһ
ѦСһӦģ
ֻʱ⡣
ǿϧ
׵ȵԷס
ѦСϣ˫ֳգһСȫ˫ձָˣ·һֻС
ƳɫЦҲⲻ˵ֻųԵģϾĿˣһ߳ŵģһǰС
Ѧ̾һĬ裬Ϊµʲôȭͷ˾תȥס
һȥͿڳӱŪ֦ƣѦ鿴һȻģˡ
ǿŲߵƵǰ͵͵Ľһ
ƿֻСɫҰܵģʱһڶ㻹ⲻ⡣
أ
ûѾˡýҲ뿪


79 ײ
Ѧˣɵɵˣ
ˣôأ
ƼǸɵɵģ̲סЦˣ̧ͷȰѦͷϵķ˿Ŭİ̧һ㣬˵ڻҪһͷѲǵ걧СȣѧСˡ
ͷԷ۸ɵӣСݰǸҲɶɶģ뿴ɵСӰЦһڴûýҲ𣿡
Ѧգգ۾
ۼҵС²¿ýʲôȥˣ
Ѧòᱻϳȥ˰ɡ
Ŀһۣ˵ɵɵˡ
ѦͣһģһŵĿϲԾͷƴѹסȴסĿʼСʱˮСƵֱӸ˵˵
ƲĿһۣʱ򣬾ǹⲻѻ˵ף˵һԴ㡭
Ѧһ𣬶ʱüЦﰡ
ѾӦˣأӦӦЦų˼۾
ѦŬЦݣʱȽ֣ɿĵ˵һ䣺ҵȻȫƾˡ
кǺһЦ
ðȫƾҾ;á
Ѧɴ۾Դǵ㲻ҪǶҡ
ЦҲϷʵЦ⣺СҽָߣĲֺãʺҼѦСӡ
桢İѦЩҧԼͷСֲܿƵ˳
ȻƿǰɵɵЦŵĶӣһᣬǰһѦ鱧ԼôС۶浽Ҫ׵ʱ򣬻᲻ãԭϵʱ䣬˶һȴû뵽δûˡ
ÿĶԼĺ뿪ԼȻѦ˵ҪԷ˱ףʵԼҺӳ׵ľƣ޲ԶȥһӶɻ飬ѦҲĸΪҲҸֻ֪˵˽վҪԳ˵ĺӷ֡
סլƺѦҸڡ
Ҳ˵
ҲǼ·ľ룬ȥѦҽݶҪ㣡һ£ҲסԺӣôǰҲû
ԽԽ⡣
֮ǰϺͿˣżլӵǸԩͷھĽƯúܣλҲʮ
뵽еʧ˲١
Цű˱Ѧ飬ɿ˶Է飬һ˫毺õͶŶԷЦ૵ĸпﱾΪԼһˮĴײˡ
Ѧ飺
Ϊʲô˵Ǵײˣ
ԽЦȴû뵽ȻһͷС
Ѧ飺
ͷȻܹ˼ˮĴײ˻ʵ̲סЦҵҲ̫ˣȻܹĲ˫ˮײˡ
ﳤ
ѦʮԹ˵˭
˭Ѵײ˹ģ˭ƼֱҪֿ˻ϵЦҲǱﶼﲻסѾ̺þˡ
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ƵĿͣ˼۱Ų
ĲˣٿˮĴײˣԽԽЦүҪﲻסˡ
Ȼ뺢Զ֮һҪҸտĵطЦһʱ
Ƶʱ򣬹ʩ񣬽һѦˡ
ߵЦʲôѦˣĽͽСˣôŰɣٹһʱ䣬ֱӸĿڡ
һһҲףڻδĸϿɡ
ָ˵˼еĻ󣬾ͶѦ齻ṫӵһεۼңúù䣬ҹﰡڼԷ
֪ҪС˶һ˽ദʱ䣬һԼˡ
׳֮󣬱˴˽˸ҪѶԷѳԶٷˡ
֮죬ýŻҪմѦȥԷ￴ͬҲôһٷ
һҲȷʵΪ˼ˣδĶһúдд
šѦͷӦˡ
ͷѦͻȻһ£Сܵߣ΢΢Ա˼ܿ裬˵ЩĸĻҹĲȣһҪ౸һЩ
ҲССĸ˵ﻹ𣿿϶һӵʳȡ
ԴôдܣɵΪҲ̫
첲ա
ѲܶŶԷС
Ѧְһ£ǰ˵Ҫ׼ʮˡ
ƴ۷Ҫô𣿡
Ҫġ
ǼҲ˳ԣҪôô
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ƽȻ˷ѣǡʱȷʵҪһѡ
ƵͷȻҪݣὨҪҪɴ׼һٵոúϡ
Ѧ飺
Ǳߵ⿪ϵĵӣϣָڵĦһ£ðСת˲ʧˣҲԱԶһ㣬ƫһߣ
ĸΪ㵽һ˵Ļˣƫƫˣɡ
ʮˣ
Ѧδĸǰڮ
ÿҲͳԸʮߵȷʵ˺ܾãе㱨θڣҲảʮ
һٵ
ĸǳ־ˡ
ûҪôࡣ
УǾͰ˵ȥ졣˵㲻ʲô£һڶӵҪӦġ
ƫͷǱ߿˿ôײֿϲ治֪ҵСƾʲôˮĴײ˸˻
СҪٸ˵˵ṫϲʲôƼԼҶӶ˼ǰ㿴أɴͶһЩ˵дܡ
ȻѼı
ȻͶþ͸ˡ
ϸ˵ʼЩɫȥҽݱȽ϶֪࣬ˡһʱѦԼ˵Ҳǲס
ҲС
Ѧ״ĵͷΪҪСڼ䣬ͲԲҹķˣȥ죬ѦСҲˡ
һ㣬ӳץ㣬ǶҶҲ㷭ˣ㰡ͰĸԷȥһ
ѦЦߣȴһ£ˣǿµ̳ӾҲڳ
ƣ
ǲɣˡ


80 
̲ס̧üģüͷ̳Ӿƣ֮ǰˡ
ơ̳ӾѦĵ֮᲻óԭǴ׵ʱȵģھȻǰ˳˵ҵľô࣬һˣﷸŰ̳Ӿڳ͸Щþѣͱ硪
ò͸˰ɣ
ƣ
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ѦֻоһڵСĵ״Ȼҵľơ
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Ѧײһ£ְ̣ϿҵǸģһʱ˵ЩʲôˣھѾͳȥҪҲҪˡ
һȵķҪȥ¥ϰ壬ضʮա
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ˣ⴦ؾƵĵطȻ֪ԣӾȻڻҲ˾ƣСϱӸòǸɡ
ǱߵŵӵһҲѦǸضС
ôҲضҲض̲ס㵽ڼ˶ٸӣ
Ȼ֪Էľ֪ģҲ߰˸طΪЩɵӲضеطȴû뵽ĵط
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ѦĬȻĵ˵ͷܻҪ΢һ㡣Ҳͷĳ̶ȡ
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ǾɣˣǱߵṫҲȲˣ֪ĻΪĸ˵ʲôĻء
Ѧ˵Ļ֮󣬾һСܵߣ˼
ͷЦո˵ʲôأ
Ѧ۾ʮֲ˼Ҹոء
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ʳã
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СٰãӦǲٰ֪ǵСҥȻûô϶ҲͲ֪ܵˡ
ץ͵С񣬶ʱʧЦߵСΪʲôܰٵˡ
ϵǸյҽٵİɣ
Ѧ飺
ҵˣ֮ǰ˵ҵòģƭӣѦԹĿǰˣԷ⣬ȴһֱװ⣬Լ黭ôѧҲôȴϸװ׵ôá
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ѦСʮְĺһǿ϶Ķ⡣
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СòãҪϣǸˣԶǵ죬ģ˵ֶֺڱˡ
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ĺ㡣
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ʱѦ̲ס˵Լ׵ĶԼ˵ʱĻġ
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ѦС仰ɾ˵òˣ˸ĳˣȻҿҪ뿪ѦˡƾҪת뿪
ѦæӺ汧ס͸һƵεİ˩סߣҡҸĿھˡ
ͷڶԷĺ棬ͻȻԴһ£͸ĳ֡
һƺ˷֣һֵĸоͷ˵һ飿
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㲻ȥвؾƵĵط
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81 ֮ǰ
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ǲؾƵĵطѾѽһ·˲پơ
ѦСӣǲڼ̳
ҪѦҡҡͷȻãǲܶȰС򡣡
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⺢ӻ͵壿۾ˣû뵽Ӻṫӻ£ȻԵ춨
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82 
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˷վͻȻ֡ƺҲԵöˡ
ӣһȥӱ档
һˣƾСͤϢԼ߳λã˸һˮŲյͷԲ£ƯɫˣһĨ΢ЦһڲջԼߣ￴ȥ
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ǱߵѦʱȴڳرµ١
Ѧٵϣָ̽ĲŪһ£վָĶְϣֿٵķת˼¡
̫ˣҿ塣
ٷ㡭
ܲ㣿
áˣֻðϵĶһٽ
ѦöԷְϣѧŶԷĶϲŪ󡭡ϷһľͷƵĴ̶
裺
Ѧ飺ûϺҡ
裺⻰˵
üģµӣҪӸ
Ѧһӣֱ壬Լջһ£ֵҾҪҰ쵯Ǹӡ
޿İ°ͿѦļϣһ󼫶˵ӿ塣
á̸ܽʮ궼̲ᡣ
Ѧܵ˼ϵָ̧סһգȻԱûˣڶԷһ£СǼ
ѧôҽѦСӺһ򲻵Ŀ
ôܵ۾ͷ
ҪôһССͷˣôܰҽݳŵڡ
ֻڵˮƽѧѶȵӣҪѧһӡ
Ҫǻǿҽȥ
ҹҪ١
̲סĳӣòԺÿҲ׻ü
ٿԡЦŻһתһ¡
׾ףһ죬ʲôµģѦڶԷ͵һ£תȴԱվŵСܴ
Ѧ飺
ʮߵλã̳ƣڽЩڳԼȥü
ҹɫˣѧ֮ѦȻĻǵ޻ԼоԼѧ˲ٸַ
Ҳѧٱѧҽ츳Ѧ̲ס
һ㶼ô롣
Ҿҽ츳
˵߰
ҹ費ѦңѦһ᲻õСԵ⣬ӥСļҫĵһ£ҹҲǳһٴͣѦҵС˯һǾõʱȥץ顣
ˣˣٶ߼ȻҪؼˡ
飬ҽݼ


83 ӥ
ںѦҳ֮²ߵĻصԼļңؼҵ;УһֱŸոƪ£ʮƵ뵽ҪĵӸöãȻŮ͸ˡ
ϧˣ˼ҵĶ
ںһصķͺΧһֵģȥѦ׵ΣûбĿס˵Ѧ˿ɻϺͽء
ƻǺܿĴ˲ٵ¸ص̧ܵõЩ˵ָ㣬Ǳġ
ں迴ǰӣֹ
ָ㣿ﻹָˡ
ô飬ô˵ˣ
ں̾һĸ˵˽췢飬ȻˣӮϣ鷨̾ѧʶ
ϵˣ˲Ŷʮꣿ
ΪҲ̫˼ˡ
ںٰͬŵѰŵĺŮ治֪ѦǴ׽˲š
ȣ֮ǰϵδŮѡԵòˡ
ŮҲһǺͬԷĻȻ˶ŲգѧҲߣǡһŮѡڲѧϣòҲùȥС
ǰԼԶֶʩţδĺŮѡʩģÿ鿪ʣ˵ȤҲȻѧϲ̿Ͻʤһģùһ㣬ܳˡ
ϾҪ˹һӵģŮȻѡúÿģѧֹȥġ
Ů
һ㶼ϲԼɷԺ￴ϵˣöԷùںʵ㶣һ㣬ҲȤ˴һӣû˼
˵ṫòΣ
ں裺
ҷ˵Ĺע㣬ֵĵط
ΪԼǿѧԼҷˣʹ֮󣬾ԽԽֲôһ¡
ʱȷʵģûУҲһֱˣʹˣɫ˥󣬷ƺԽԽˡ
ͷ
˵ôԷٳٶػ˴𰸣Ĳѧ֮ߣ͸ɷƵĵͷͲӶ岻ϣòƿɳ¡
ںľȻ֮ˡ

üͷɻ˵ͷ𣿡
޽ǰ߰ףȷʵɷǵ֮ģ
ں裺һ齳ôַˡ
˵ʲô
Էúǿ
ŶüʼǱֶʩأ
ôܷһȡ
˵ṫӵģȲұֶ
ں˵ʩԶԶȲɵṫӡ
ǡЦһԼɷǿʩţԲŻ˵Ļ۹⣬ҿһ㶼š
ȥ
Ϳ
Ѧ뿪֮Ҳ·ֱṦɻ˼ңؼҵ;Ҳ·һһ䷿ӵݶȥ߹ʱ򣬻Ӵ˼ӣ֮£ĵ磬һ˵ϲ֮顣
˵֮ǰģģ֮᣻ôһĻϲͻ˲ԾЦݡ
֮һź顣
ûܸѦ鴵һ׵
ΪʲôԷƺϲӣ
ѵĵӣԷú
ⲻӦð
ǳ죬һӸ
һԾҹȻ°һת˼СԺȥ˿ԼҵС㣬СڵˮϢ˵ʳȥСĻص˷䡣
۾ڴϣȴǷȥշתߣû취ˣֻڴϴ䡣
˭֪һһϡ
һҹߡ
ڶ۾潫δɫ¶һĨЦݣȥӥСԳѣѵСˣ׷һ·ģһɣСҲںͶ׷£ֻӥȥٰһȦṦͬʱҲСӥʡ
ӥԼΪ˵ְʱҲõˣֱӸСȥҽݡ
ĲȵãǰһҽݣѦСӺҲˣһġʳ
ɫİȾͲ˵ˣлĸ㣬Լ˼ʱŨͷЩʳ⣬ȻѦҲûСԣ׼廨⡣
СԱһ磬θڴõʱҽݵĺԺԼ廨⡣
һӣߵѦߣ̧Է۽ǣȷһҹû˯
ѦСѿڶô֪
ԴߺѦ˷ܵĲУһ飬ڳɹˣô˯ž˾ǲ֪ģ׳ɹ֮ס
ֻϧǵĻڻû
۾ߵҩ඼ûĨȡ̧۽ǣȴЩԼЩҩ˶Էⲻ޺֮ǵİҹ
ӣԼû˯š
ȵǳ׵죬ҹҲ˯ˡ
ûˡ
Ĩһ£ȥԵ㰲裬úòһ
Ҿھܺá
Ǽٵģȥ˯ҹһҹ书ȻµģѦȷȷʵʵӲһҹ
ðɡѦˣҹ˯žΪڴڶ裬ڶ裬ȴҪȥ˯
Ϊ壬Ҳֻȥˡ
ûȥĵط˯ȥǰסǼ䷿ӣڴϣһ裬ϱ˯ˡ
Ѧȥ˯֮Լҽʳ֮󲻾ãغˣغǹϲ֪ʲôʱܺȵϲƣ
⻹ҪȻڶӦþˡԼӣð¾ãֻǣúҲûãѦǱ߻Ҫܶӡ
ȷںҪѦһȥһٰǵ¡
ǧһҪȥġ
һ뵽ڵĵط;
ǰϲһ
غǳ˼֮ҽͿʼˣЩձβϧһ춼ҽݣǿճﲡ
ҲʲôزһЩʽĲΣȴֳ缲
һһιͷҲ
һͻȻһʮӲʵϴү˽һɷʵ裿
ʮֵĵͷѯʶԷλϲﲡģ
㿴в𣿡üƵ
Ķ䡭
ʶ̧ס˶䣬Ȼʹˣ廹ӲʣûʲôʹǶҹʱ
Цһ£Ҹϲҩһ¡
˭˭βģҽݵأġ
ϲҽݣû塣
ҾҪ壡ڳ̬ͯµ˵ӮϣҵҪǲǱ¡


84 
ǰһҪŸ壬ҲˣҪ壬Ҳ̺ӲС
ԷɿڴӦˣϽһ֣ܣȻ˰͹
һҵ˾ͰӺ̶˽ҽڻشõСںãһͬģһ裬һǸ⣬û뵽ȻҪ壬Ҳס
ȥһֱǼ壬ںʱһʱСһӣɰ϶ֻˡ
ҲǸˣ߰壬ûӮֵµ֣ͷҪʮÿӮ֮󣬾ͻ¶һǫѷִģɰøۣЩԸӮһΡ
Ŭƽ̣ԼûӮϣһغײġ
ƫƫôŬһ䡱֣ʱĲˣĻ䡣
ԼֱϵơгһӮϣҼ̡ԡ
ôĪһ죬ĪӮˣ

ҽĲ񻰣һԸʵ֣Ǽ棬¶˵Ժ
ЩҲסˣ˭ԣǲܽƤĳΣЦһ˵̫磬ҽһˣź֣Ϊһ㣿
ι˾ˣˣ
ˡ
˵һʮˣ㵱ɵ˵ѣͷô֣ܹµù㣿ķڷ
ǡ
㲻ϹҲסұôˣ
ھٰǡ
ðҾȥˣҰӮˣһҪķڷ䣡
һΪ
ģ˭
裬شõĴ򡣡
򣿣

ҵѾ̰ںãҲȲǰˣһӣٴߴϽʼ塣
С򣬿
춨ҪӮ㣬ķڷ

ֶ¶һǸЦݡ
迴ǰòһƵͷӻúܣ˵ʲôסʵϾǶԷҲġ
Լĺڡ
ǿĵģСܱĶСᣬʱһɱĺԷ׷ŶǱǱӣһֲõ顣
εϣᵽָ翹Ρ
ҲҲڲҲҡ
Ҳһء
ͬſ֮ĶԾ֣һأԹߵĽǶ۲˵ܸҵ
迴ߣˣֻҲ̶¡
ȵִӣִӡ
裺ûνġ
һֿʼˡ
²һ²ߣһö䶨ȫǰ򻨹ʦֵ֮ĶģµòĵĲһ֡
ǻʤУһֶ԰׷ʹƱҪٶ¶Է
Ļ˶ԷеĹƣĲ֡
ϣ
һԿŵ;ƼˣֵĻ棬ô췴ݣ
ԷɱͶԷļأ
Ϊʲôʱ򣬾ͷ·һĴݲУͷô绯᣿
ṫӣ塭ôˣ
Ͼӣϵʻ⻹𣿡ȥ׵ġ

Ե
ԭˡṫӻǸʤ֮ˡ
ˣҾʮ
УȻҲҪһ壡
ʾԼҲҪһִ绯֡
裺ҽݣǸ򣬲ʺ塣
ϣûвˡ˵ˣǱ߲ǻиأһ壬ѵҽݵƹȥ
Һ𣿡
ˡҽݵƹǣôûţ
ҽݵѦСӣѦҵҽݻشá
ס־ɣѦ洫ҽݲǽãʲôʱֱ˻شã
裺
ĵԺĻȥ
ȵȡϺַʲôϡ飬ȻѦСӵҽݣʲôȻ塣
֪˵ʲôԳʵѦСӵҽôˣ
㲻ȥѦ׵ģѦӣ˼δķɡ
ԭˣⲻˣķģ͵壬ҷɿ϶ߵģҪǱˣҼҺˡ
ҿ壬ƺµĻе˼
ЦЦ˵ϵ壬Ҳµķǳ˼
ʮֵ⣬ǰĺϲҪûгףҰŮ޸㡣
裺Ѿˡ
̾һ
һԵϾͲ̫ˣأоô
һ־
裺
оԼ߲ˡ
Ҳʮֵ˼
ĺһһ仰˵ҲûãûŮ޸㡣
裺ǰ谭ףѾǴˡ
Ͻһ֣ߴӣʲô㣬ӣûȼҡ
һöӣ¡
ãôĲ֮£Ѿںˡ
ӣͻȻʼδ
⡭
ƺ·һ
Ա߳ˣˡ
ôܣ
Ѿ·ˡ
Ҳš
ðԣôƽ֡
Ծԡ

һЦعλȥԼҩȥϣΪַɡ
ûãȥˣɻϰˣ
ˡǰܻǵððֽȻؼ֮о
оԺ벻ⷨ
˾䲻𡣡
ṫӣһ֡
ϣ⻹ҪΡ
Ҫãˣ㡣
裺
һ˿ܿˡ
ûӣ˼ǰţҲ̫ûòֿ֮ʼȥ壬вʱʹǰ뿪ȥû˵ʱ򣬾ͻصǰִӶġ
ţҲȷʵ񫣬겡˺Ҳ塣
ȻͿʼ
ϻҽݴá
ٶ࿴ˣ룬⻹ûء
ˣС
ϧҽݵĲˣҲҪУеġ


85 
һԭֻо岻ϰߣ˺Ҳˡ
ֻ¡
յȥһ裬һԼĲա
ѱյںãȼһϸ㣬ס䣬γĲˮһֺÿĻ뱭յ֮С

ھͲ١
üĿһԼڸ
ҹǰ֣
СǼ

˲ˣ̴־һ٣˻ᱻſ޵ġ
µŲյڶǰԼصǰ£һӡ
ϣ
ϣ
ΪʲôΪʲô뿪ôã붼һ£ӡ
ѵͲ¿壿
һǻӣ
ЦˣŶϣ϶͵ӣο
οʲô
οһֱҵԺҾҲ
ǻӣһ۾ܿ
ϣ
ϣ
С˵ˣһ˵˼ޡ
ֻҼŮûǰʶ㡣ʮֿϧ
ֻûŮ

Ѧ°裬Ҳ֪˯˶ãĴ˸Ƿ۾˶ɲԸ
˸Σƺμ˷ͷЦҪ
Ҫȥʱ򡪡
ˡ
ѦԺ뵽ò̵һΡ
ʵСײ
ҲһǺõģܻؼʱ
Ѧ۾ͷϲ˼£˯ıͷĥ伸£͵׺ͱˡ
ıӴ˼ѦƿˣϴӺԺҽݣȴ֡
ҽôͻȻˡ
ˣɲС
Ѧ飺
ôҲ⡣
ѦǰȥλҲ˸СԱߣ塣
תͷעŹԹһԿѦСӣսʱĴ㶣ǱȤˣѦƹ񵱳ץ͵ƹ᲻С߰
Ѧô˵Ҳװģĺһף֡
ҪˣͰϳҽݡ
ЦϵҿɾͲˣҪʼˡ

һԵϺϼС˵Ҳֺġ
ЦˣɵСˣҲͬһˣ͵ÿѦƹϳȥ
һһͣҪ޼ҿɹ飬͵ĴȥҼҵͯ
סϷԼȻû뵽磬ҼҲȱͯ
Ѧ飺
ͻȻΣʶС߿˿סԷֱۣͷڶԷŵ˵ȱ
Цˣ͵͵˵ĶϣҲС˵һ䣺ɣҲȱɡ
˽ģһ壬ϸп˸ðֲȥ׵ʱ򣬻ɱ
ϣ
ͲΪ˼
ո˵ԼҪҲԣͻȻһ䣬еӹ͡
ϱ˸ֲ
ô£
óֵôͻȻˣ
㡭
һʱ̣
һ仰ҲҲڲҲңҲͷܵΧ׷½صǱζˡ
ã
һʼԷĿġ
ڵóѡ
øлһѦСӡ
һ壬ĺܿ죬òϣǰʵѧ
Դôأ
ôܰ³
ǹĿʵ̾
֮ǰߺ˰һ̴ɢõȻָԭ״
İӵλüǵ÷ֺͲԥİָ̻ԭ״
ϣڻˡ
ҲǺöûˣô¶ܣһܺ󣬴δζȴ޺ʤġ
ֿʼֳʱ顣
Ѧ鱧ֱۿ壬ſţϺںڰװ׵һƬȫǺڰֵӣͷˡ
ѦҲѧ壬ǰλձȣС׼ףҲΡ
ָӵ֣Ƕ࿴۾ͷ˼£Ҫ磬ֱȰ軹Ҫʹ
ѦǷ
ע⵽ѦıֺͻȻһƣԺѦ٣͸Է塣
Ѧ۾ĲٿˣٿҪ˯ˡ
µĿ죬Ѧ˼졭֪ڲʲôɾ֡
˯
ȥɡѦվȥԺ˱ȥ
ѦСӺһʱûˣãȥ
Ѧһ֮˶ûʲô˼ˣȫࡣ
δҲ̫ˡԼĶӣ̾
Ķֱ͵͵
Ҳòȥͺ˼ڲˮ
Ѧ˳һ룬Ǹ룬Ϻϣҽݹ̶Сҩ롣
СܴغˣҲܵԺҨȥ
غԴҽݺģʱʱܺȵٰһ˱ࡣ
Ȼ鴫
ѦСӵ̫ˡ
ΨһغźľǡѦС緹緹ʹ̲㡣
ȫĳĴˡ
غһο͵ʱ૵ƺҼҵʱ򡭡ûôܳ԰
裺
ΪȳһٺٻҳԵķСӲ͡
Լһڣ۾ͷųâζζ
һ򲻰ϣҲϲζ
Աߵǡ
Ҫûɻ飬һȢȥɡ
ϣСӻûס
ʱѾˡ
ոһѦСռ˱ˣôڲŷ֣ģռ˼ıˡ
ƾʲôôһֻǾƴС룿
ѦҵģҲͬ롣
СʱԱѣʹˣǰǻٳЩΪ
һĽ顣
ѦԱЦˣֻȥһٷϺһҽ÷
Ҳʱڷһĵط
̫ܳˡ
ôܳԣܰѼ

극󣬶뿪شá
̾ˣ´塣
ߣʱҲԷ塣
ͷûġ
ѦСӣҽݰ׵һ̣ҪҪһ֡
Ѧҡͷ
ջҽ塣
Ѧܾջ󣺡ȥСܴҵù
˼ҪǾ͵١
裺
ˣǸһҴӸ
Ѧ飺
ĵӰһҲĿǰΨһһԷĵշת˺üҹ
ܾ
ҿһСܴù
ҽɡ
Ѧְҽһԡ֮͡


86 
ںŷ˻شſڣ˸ѾԱߴһɡͷúܣɹΣմ̲סַ̧˷ͷ
̧ͷϵĻش֣ԽĶĴȤ
Էɷ˵ô
š
һԼɷ۹⡣
Ѿ߳ɡҲܺں裬ֱش˽ȥͷô󣬾ɡܵĺܣʮܲסֱһһɵȷ紵ϣԵ÷ơ
ںҲȴûΪɡĿԼҷ˶ȥ̲סįȻɫ˥󣬷ҲƤˡ
ֵ̧˵ͷ̫ں΢΢۾ش濴ȥ
׷ĲһҽߣͻȻ˽յĿģԼؿڣˣüǴںæϣС﷭ҳԼ⡣
ҽݣں費Ǵŷһ裬ҪǣҪԷһ֡֡
ǣѦȷʵ˰дĴܳһȥҸϣ⵹ùߵѦˣ˸дһܳڰֽϣں迴ܳĴٻԼд壬Ǿļˡ
ӦøСİѶԷĴȥ
ΣҲҪõױ顣
ʩʩȻ߽˻شãһشãӭ洵żдҩĴ÷磬˾һ޽ǵ鷢ĶҪ泩࣬ЦߣþͿһµĴ
ʣǰλһ
´ǰˣʱһЦɷȻϹǰȻģǾԣԶԶֶӿ
ȻһҪݺݳЦ۹⡣
Цʵ򣿡
ףվڹ̨ϳҩĵغһ£ǰλôϳô
غЩϲ
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ȴ˵Ҫβ
±һ£ګګķʵ㡭㲻򣿡
أȥغô˵֮󣬷еĳȣתҽߣߵСűҽںѦƹ˽Ŷѧϰҽ
غҲϣָܹҽ֮ǰ̵ѦʱһһκΣԼֵߣǲҪ˼Сڵ顣
ѡʱҽ
вˡ
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λˣ
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̲סĶŶԷͿ˼ۣȻ̾һ
ͷˡ
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ͷƢθҸһнƢķӵɡ
ͷʵʱ򣬱ö£߽ҽݺ󣬲žϲ٣ϻЩʣôһ˵óڶԷͻڴ˼롣
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ˡ
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ģƺһġ
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Ȼ׾پ͵õ˶Է顣
Ҳ̫ˡ
һ鷨ңõ˼ҵһֿɲףǰλȻ鷨費κζԷǸҩϵ壬͸͵һ
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ںİҩϣϸԱȹвò̾ŷӣֲͬ壬ȫдƮݷţзǣҾղؼֵΨһϧľǡ

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ں裺
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ںֻôӻŰֽЦ裺ṫҪҪдһд⼸⣿


87 粽
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88 
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90 в
һҲΣҲΣֻԷõĲϵĲǶϵĲ֢ԷһϵеЧʵѧϰŶûУѧѧȥҲѧǳԵĶ
ߵƹߣһ˰죬ȴһ֪⣬ȰѴʾ塭
һ˵ţ˳ףԷȥʷԡ͡ӱۡͨһ飬鷻﷢ֵܶƹĿǰ֢ҩ顣
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۹ĸߣһ飬벻۾ܸƹ飬ǡʺ϶Է顣
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ƹҩһߡ
Цϣ˭㲻һ룬ⱨӦ˰ɡ
ƹҧгݣͲôһϣôСϣΪβ򣿡
ǺֵܣȻһ룬Ȼ㡣
͵Ծ׵ĴʱôͲҵһ룿
ûûƤϵʱ򣬲Ҳûһ룿
Ǵ㲻ܳԣ

ƹؼ֮ȥҩͰԼؽʼд£д󣬻ҩѾˣƹҩֻ֮ط׫д¡
ҡҡͷͬѾħˣ֮ǰ߶߶Ҳˣڻ˷һд¡
չա
֮ȥѧõʱƹԼЩдȫʦͬЩȫ¶˾ȵɫŷӣǰƹӲɽҲޱĺܣȴû뵽⼸ȥ֮󣬶Է¾Ȼôı仯ȻĲŲڣдѾԼ뷨ֻۣǰɰͰ͵ҧĽ֣ٱ湦ʵݰûС
ԷǰǱЩڽʽϷӸ̻ˣǴ̸̸̸īˮʰۡ
ǰѧƸǰһһӣҲֻܿһš
ƹ㵽ǳʲô鵤ҩô·һӾͿϣ
ǰͰؾ¡

ͬѯƹϵķ
һλָ㡭ƹ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
һλָ㣿һţסķʣѲɴܽѧʣôû
Ҳû𣿡
ʱ˳ûõûõģҲʲô
ҿƹԴͻȻϣǸã
ϣļҵϣ
Ҳȥԡ

ƹҪȥϾ͸ҡҡͷܵ飬ǶûãǱ˲ûһЩװĿô飬ԭĵӾͻ۵ĶˣֲС·Żᱻѡ
汻ˣƫƫǶš
ƹֻҲһȥϡ
Ϻһϣ˵е㡰éٿá
ѦĻڶ˰¾źţȷںƱдһţ֪ԼԶصŮŮڻӣ֮ʣŮ׼ƿǲٰμӻˣԷΪ㣬ôҲҪ֪һ
д˼飬ְѻڸýţýһӣѦңŻδŵѦСӣһǰլδķʲôӡ
ǲ⣬ʱлڻ顣
Ϊǵػϰ׵ҪѦҲֻõûһýŴԼլй䡣


91 ƴ
ΪҲûбʲôҪѦˣýֻѦСӣլԺĴ߿
һߣýϻੲݵĽܡ
ѦһûһýŵĻߵӱߵʱ鲻ԽĿȥͷˮѰЩ׳ɳСǡ
Сļල£СӦûбСֻӥ͵ˡ
СʯͷߴϷƤβһһġ
ѦһԶſЩСǣ׾ˣ޹֮󣬾ȥСǣò˶ãǾͿԶϷˡ
һ糤֮ǾͶһȥԺкܶܶ㡣
һһĿ֮
ýżԷˮСȤĿ佱ˣѦСӿˮЩСǣöϲ찡
ٰеĺɽÿƯˡýһתͽɽĻ¿ھɽбϲĺ壬˵һСܣṫӾΪӭţúɽ
Ѧ飺
ɽġ
ͼóԡ
Ѧֹһ֮ջûڣýź˵Щϲ컰Ͼʽȫɲܱ¶ǰլ
ýЦŵѦСĲĵط𲻺˼˵Ȼĸṫӡ
Ѧҡҡͷ
ʲôĵط
լӾļල¸Ľġ
ɱýŸϤط
ý֮ѦöԷ·СͤϢԼ²԰ﴩȥһѰСԵӥѣһδЩطԤٿӲؾơ
ýӲ˲ѦҵСӶլû˿İͤ󣬾͸һŻɽֵĺƵĵꡣ
ѦСӣϸ㣬߶ˡ
ѦӦһ֪ˣýţİɣҿɶˡ
Ѧǰߣ̧ͷһȴϷһСԵӥѣʱ۾һСһ۹ʮֲ϶ůޱȣСһһСɹ̫
СԵӥʱûɫӰ֦֦ҶҶĶӥС˽ԼӥӸ¶ѦĽл˼
ƺû
ѦСҡҡͷǸýŹģôƾռд廨⣬Ҫ͵͵廨⣬ýŻʲô۹ѦСӡ
Сʧ̱Լӥ·һɹ˵㡣
Ѧ鿴ֻӥԼӥֻʣ¼ëʧģʱЦˣɻ죬ҪСԴ߰˽С
Сԣ´ٸԡ
СԴкѦ꣬˺üȽصĲؾƵطĵͷ޹һľƣͲЩط
ѦѲԼĲرأʹ԰ȥýţýż˶ԷæжԷͤСЪһ
ý̾һ
ѦСӣ󵨵ˣû޹͸ڷҵԺȥģСʲôˡ
ȿˮЪЪ
ѦͷյͷСںһڲ衣
Щ͵լǸոն˹ġ
ѦŲյĲ裬Щˣ춼ûȥҽݣϵڣûŶԷȫýŴլй䡣
ýżԷȲϢ֮󣬾ʹóһѦ
Ӧĳģκṫûгֻˡ
ѦӹԷĺ֪϶ǸոùģҲСְĴ
˵ȵýŵʱѦ鷢Ʊһʮ
Ѧ飺
˵ԼһǮûУôһǮûеСǮ𶼲ҪʮǴأ
ߣ˵Ǯܡ
϶͵͵˽Ǯ
ѦԼСɰ֮ôס͵˽ǮС
쵽ˣѦСӣ÷ȥɡ
Ѧͷլһȥ÷ý򲻸һԣȥһط
ָǰѹ̲Ԥãһ½ѦСӵʱҲװûƵģòĴкʮֿѦС
ѦСӵһҼң㡣
ѦļʵܲװĲϤýҲ⣬ѦСӾͺƤ𤵽ߣԷ֣ӣ˳̧ͷŶԷһ˫һۣٵգգۣ·۾˵㻹װ
̿С£ĵĵһ衣
ǰԲϣʱͬ׼ʮˣܴһֶ¥ԤģġһϺһңҲᣬܰѦСӵθڻˡ
ϲθڡ
㶼ѡϲĲˣȻθѦע⵽ԲʮˣȫϲһЩɫ̲סһ
ֻǡûҪ׼ôϲĲˣ߰˵ͺˡ
ϾЩյĹǱСԽѦҲͳԸ߰˵
ôУϾ㡮һΡҼҡ
Ѧ̧ЭǺðɣҵңһСļңӺ⡣
ͺáЦŸһƬźҪһϵÿһˣ㶼볢С
ѦɵɵĿϵʮˣÿһ˶һڣҲܰԳˡ
ôԸ⣿
ѦίίԾͳԿٸҼźˣ
һ˸ô࣬ҪԹʮˣѦĶƤҪˡ
˶ԷôԷȻҲҪ
ϲźƬԲŸеġ˺ˣ£ģܱȫ갡Ц̧ԷͷʮᣬýΪһ㣬˰죬᲻Ϊ㣬Ծ˰ɡ
Ȼô˵Ѧ黹ʵʵıԼʮ˶ˡ
Է黭Ŀȫһ飬ѦСôܴһԡأ
֮Ѧ鱻ŵÿֱãֻðڻ˳ʱʳѦСһ߰ϣһǿҪôҰøֹסáá
̿ŶԷߵĴǱĵҪ
һ͵סԷѨֹ˴ãϲѦСӴһء
ѦԼĶӣҲƴˡ
ͬϲͬϲ
ӣҽû׼ʮˣԭ׼һЩţ롪
Ѧ飺
Сǲδ𣿡
Ȼǣʮ⡭ӻҸ࣬Ȼ˯һ绹Ҫȥ㡣


92 
յǱ˯Ѧ鰴ҽʱĹҡϣ˯˹ȥ
ǴǳЦݣ̧ԷϸĳԼһֱֻ۴ӶԷȥһ㣬ѦСӿԼϡ
λ֮ůСƺò̫⣬˯֮˫ץץûֱۿԱ͸ııһȦ󣬻һѣƺ¡ֱе֡
ҲڶԷһ£ϣλСӵ˯ܹѧõ㡣
Ѧ˯˰ʱѹʱ˶Ļ˫ֻסԷ֫Ѧգգ۾ǰ˲ձˡ
ԷϺƵģЦʲôٽûˮ
㡪Ѧɫһ壬ˮʲôģֻ˯ƲԲŻᡭԼ𣺡ֻż顭
ҲһΡ
ԣҲһΣѦСҲ̫˯ˣƺʲôƶ˯šԷ˯ˣбŵģŵģŵģϵģһƴҪġӦоУÿ춼
Դ쿪ʼԺѦΪ̰˯ݡ
ݵҲǲãǣʲôʱܸ׽һ㡭
Ѧ˯֮ԺЩĻҲûж˼ʶǫҲǣվҾ˯š
ʧЦôͦġ
˯ûУʲôʱȥ£
Ѧգգ۾Ҫŵ飬æվҴȥԡ˳㻻һոµ·һ˯úܺã˵Ⱥϲˬ״̬ѦСôܻš
ҺϹʱ򣬾ʹ˼ױõѣ;
鲻С֪ȻС֪ǵøԼ·ȴǵøϴ廨⣬һġ
ѦլϤĺܣլҲѰһˣýǰȥˣѦСҲͲװģֵİﵱԼļңԡ·Сܵߡ
ɱˣҪһ
ģġѦ̧Լһ׵ɻƵıѣʱһ׺⻹֮ǰⶣɵ·
´Է·ĵ˵ͷĿѦɫϣһɵúúñԼ壬Ūˡ
һʱʱšѦһڱ֤
Ҳ㿴ţ϶ǲ۵Сȥֹҡ
Сѹأһˡ

Ѧ˵˵ЦЦžȥϻһֽɡչһһģһ̫ҵͬ𿾴أһֱƸڵˣΨǼ̣˲Ÿұ¶չ¶߼
Ѧ鿴һƵչ⣬Щ죬̫ǶĻ
鲻Խ˳䣬ûҸ߶Է˵ϲж໪ҡһһģ͸ǧСƵġ
챣ڳ׵ɡ
ڳȵʱͻȻóһҩ࣬ѦĨһЩѦűӼ䵭ҩĶ裺ʲôҩడ
ġòǷİɣ
Ѧ۾һ
ĨԺ󣬶²¿ʲôã
Ѧ붼룬ֱ˵ԼĴ𰸣ģ
裺
վ㻹ôѦȻǺչⶾӳţƽҽݣ˰Ͱ⣬Ѧܵ£ȥɹһ̫
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ѩѣ֧Ѧϣúñڻ
ѩﾤҵҵɢȻ
Ѧ鱧֧ѣֻоǱһһˬ
ֲСһ㶼ȡ
裺
ûӣҲȡ
ոҩǷɹ˵ġѦƤѩףûڶ̫±ɹƤ̫¶ɹһͻֺףǶճУȻɡǸ÷ŵ㡣
ɹ˵𣿾Ȼҩ࡭ѦԼΪԾԾԣ˷ܵҪҪȥ̫ɹһɹ
ɹ£ǰװ˷ôõҩࡣ
裺
ϿҵȰĪҪĳԡ
ѦüѲСԼҩ಻ţ
ͷߵüһЦҶԼҩţֻ
ֻʲô
ȿȣոҶҾûĨȣȻ̫ɹˣĨҩĵطǰ׵ģûĨҩĵطɹˡ͡ԼŰɡ
Ѧ飺
æһֹԼ¶֮¡
Ѧŵӽ裬Խ֣̿˵Ҫɹ˾ɹˣɹһһ׾ͺܲˡ
ǳʲô
֪ˣ㻹粻Ĩ
ˣұ֤ҸոСĨĺܾȣ֤ȫɹڣҪڳȥԣ
Ѧһ˵ʮֹϣ
ԣ
ЦųſֽɡһѦļ˹һɡ侵Ǳȥԭ˵ҪȥѦ鲻ӦӲҪ·ȥ
Ѧϱѩѣͷϻһɡ·ϻͦġ
С˵Ϊʲôĩ׵ʱ£ѽ
ĿҪĩһƬɪʵҿɾûһ֦ˡҲͲһȥһ֮顣
Ѧôһ˵ͷҲǣžүضԵְɣҲûӡ
ҪڿӳףҲϧ
Ѧѩϵĵ룬ɵģġүҪѦĴ޸һˡ
кһ¡ҩЧ
ôһ롭°뱲ӵգߣӦǶܲˡ
ΪˡΨһһҲֵá
Ƶ侵Ǳȥִ侵ʱذϵ˼٣ΨкдŶҵ̻ű۴ӺĶɫչˮϣ̽һ貹⻪ϣĺҶдż֧ˮܽء
ԶԶܣ໥ӳģʱ
һ·źߣȻϵ粻ɺߵķȴҲ°죬Ѧϻűѣ紵󣬾ͷ·˱Ƶġ
״Լĵ˻ȥطѹסѵĳǺ
Ѧʧ
֪Ӧñ㣬ҪûؼݱϲŻԷ
ѦҲûʧãΪѾߵ˷š
һɡһֻǣ˵֣ʮָۣš


93 
Ѧ黺بˮϵķţĶ߲㣬Ŷṹŵذһһ鳤ʵľ壬棬ЬذײƵ紵һҶ
ϵķ羰ĿԶǱɫĺˮвԴԶɽ۵ʯţаСͤ߿ȥǽһƬҶ紵ʱ򣬺Ҷű̲һҶϾӨСˮ˳źҶˮУ˺㣬ͤͤˮϵĺɻʱޡ
ǣѦϡ
ȴûʲôȥܵķ羰
ֻܸܵ˴ȵĽһ𣬷ֲȵ¶ȣԼǶԷ
ʮĬĬһߵһʱЦߵˣ߹ˣ
Ѧһ㶣ͻȻ˵Ļϵһ൱ʮ꣬ڵˡ
ԭѾʮ˰ѦСӣڻѾܳΪСˣѦƹġ˵Ѧүү
ʮ꣬Ѿүү˰ɡЦ˵Щп
ѦĻ̲סЦˣҲųʮʱ⣬һԼʮһ᲻ͷˣҲˡ
ǵڡԷĴŵڣͷףҲ⣬Сפз
ѦϵСԽ⣬۾ЦСǡǾȫפзˡ
ѦϡԱλϡ˵ţ˵ҽֶΣԼҲʮңҽˮƽôأءѦҲӦóΪһҽ˰ɣ
ѦϹǸѧͨҽľҽʮ꣬ôӦѧҽУɣ
ĬȻһ˵ҽûգַھεС纮⡣
ֻҽġҽӦܴﵽҪ󡣡
Ѧ飺
Ѧбб۾ƮС⻰˵ÿһ㶼ţȵʮ꣬ѦôҲҽʮ꣬һľҲñʦɹ˰ɣ
Ц˵ԼĻʱҵɹˡ
Ѧһ⻰ͷˮ
㰡ʲôСѧҽǴ˵㣬ֵֹ⵹ǲ٣ÿΪм㣬ҿǽʾ֭㶼ûԴӽҽҵҽ˲١Ҳһ棬ѵѦү͸̿ҽĥʯ
ԺܻصƣһӵĻҪд
汻Ѧĥʮ꣬Ϲû˱óôҽ
Ѧ鱼˼˲ΪʲôѧôãҽƵǰһ㣬СȻ͡˲١
ͬ˲ͬ
ˣ뿪ˣܰСҽϾҽ򣬴޺
̧־˾˵Ƥ˵⻰Ƥ񲻺񣿡
񣡡

ּ䣬һţźʮָ۵Ҳûзֿ
ߵɽ¡
վڶ԰ʱɽϵͷ·ߣ߹ţɽ£򿴲Ӱӣһɽ·ɲߣһֳɡһȵǣѦ飬ŶԷˤ
߹͹ƽɽʯС·ǰڿЩŵһƬïʢߵʱǣסѦ΢΢һЩ
ߵǳС·߹ȥһ㣬ܿʯˡ
ͷɡ˼ǰߡ
̫ɶĺܡ
ߵһƬֵȴͻȻͬҲһľOO@@Ķͬʱһ˵ĲҽѦԭվסˣǰĲݵȴʲôֱ
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Ƕһ֮󣬵ڵһ
һĶߡ
Ѧ̲סľһ߶ǿһߣҧһڣѱǱ˱ҧˡ
§ѦһŲҽķɹȥֻգ۵Ĺ򣬾˵صߡ
˴һɫɮһСУɮˡ
ԷʱϱҧһڣڵϣʶɢңѾԲˣߵСߣҳʱպϳɵĽⶾιԷ˺䣬鲼ǶӡϷһȦ߰˸סԷϵشʳָָ£˿ڸ£ɫĶѪƳ
Ѫ֮󣬱ʺѪҺ
һԵѦڿʺɫʱʱоһᣬصĺһ
˵Ӧްˡ
СǼһгֻСӥɽȥֲҩ԰Ѳҩĥ֭ͬʱ绯ɷĩ״̬ҩ֭ˮͷĩϣͿĨСбҧĵط
öԷ鲼ϣǰ˿ڸˡ
СгʱҲӻ˹ԺģʹۼˣߡұҧˡҪˡ
ʹ飬߸ҧˣǵǶߵӰһԼǿҵߣСҪɽˣ˭ҲȲ
ҪˡҪˡûһӵĳƿ޵һѱһᣬǱ쳣
һʮֻͷԵʮСС
Ѧ迴޵ûȻңֻԱ߾ĿŶԷ
ҪˡҪˡҪˡʹСо͸ƽһϵ³һ仰
ţƽްӷ𡱵
ҡôûأƿ޵ģ۾ȴԼ֮⣬ƺǰûгַ档
ոջţҪǵȻ˷棬һҪǰɾ
£ϵ߶Ѿ⿪ˡѦǰɵڿصĺ֮󣬳չҪżҲҪš
Сгע⵽վŵˣһһ˫ˡһ߷Źġ
Ǿң
ͷǴ򡣡
Ѧһ⻰ҲƴĵͷԵģǴÿ㱻ҧһڵڵϣͰ߶ˡ
ȻƲôǰǴ򣬵ϵ߶ȷʵǰ˽⿪ˣԷϻвҩζ
̫лˡ
Ҫȥ£µɮ𣿡
ǡƸҪͷȴ˲Զ
ƣƣģ
ƣ

Ƶʦֳժһ߽֣һѰ˹þͿ˴ʱڵϵĳơ
ƣ㣿ôˣǡ


94 ̥
ƣȥˣȡժ߽һЩڵѲĳƣֻԷʱãߵ䱻˺˴룬¶ֱۺ͸첲мƲǿǿס
ϰ·ɵֹѪȻȽˡ
ʦ֣Ҹߵ߱һ⣬˭֪ͻȻܳһ߰ҧһڣ߻ߣЩҾҪڴˣǰ·Ĵ򣬰ҽ߶ҵ
ժһ˵ľһ૵Ĳţ汣ӣ汣ӡ
ժصʩһͬǧлģ֪Ҫȥ£㱳Լʦǰ·ɽ
̨һ·ϣ۵ɽ·̨ףҲ֪˶ٽףڿµɽţֻǰׯΡĺܣǽߣܽƬڻ籦ܣĴƣӵһԶԶģ·гǧϰ˵о֮
ʯױкЩɮɨɨҶ˳ժһˣĵΧѯɽʲô¡
ǰ̾һʢȻҪǱȲȥ£Щر÷׮
ѦҲǵһˣСܶΣѦСӾܵĽǱŲ㱦˵˺üˣСʱȥ㿴ķ羰ǲܰΧķȫ۵ףʮ꣬˴ѩѩѹбˣѰ޹Ϊⷢ⣬Ͳ
ϧһȥ羰ء
ôһ˵ҿṦ羰
ұվϣ׼㿴ǰԶķ⾰ɫǧĿһ¥ҲԴһ¥һܴ¥
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ѦæԱһ㣬Ӧ
赹ҲûбЦ߹ȥǣԷ֣һ߽ݷ
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ѦСҽĿİͰ̸ͣ۵ʳʵʱһӵĻҪ˵ڡ
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ѦӣԵú˷ܣȵת֮Спڸˣʦիѵһζ
𣿡ǸĲأ
ҡѦߺԼΨһóĳϣѦСӿʮֲԸǫģԼô۵ĳأ廹Ҫĳ˵ϲá
ҵϲãѵ֪ܲ𣿡ڶԷͷһ¡
֮عȻһӵիЩիɫ¶ˣ׺ɫΪʴƯźɽҰЩʳľ֮ɱԭģһҧ֮󣬲ŷǬ
ӵ棬ȴڲŰζȷʵ˼ζ
һ򵥵İ׶ȴѦһֱһˡѦСζˣĳ츳˲˼飬һ˵ֻҪĳˣܰ¸ƳȻԹһ򵥵İ׶ȴôζ
ѦСӺǹڻ
һֱͷ
Ѧ̲סʻأʦ׶ʲôǹֵζôģ
صҲ֪޲ԣеľΪڶһײֲ֭ɽϷֵģԺϲһЩ
ԭ𣿡ѦȻԭõһĲϣֲ˺ַܶûܵζ
еѾõõ˴֮ѦԾԾԵĵȴŻؼٳսһء
ǵ׶۾ų޹âģ̲סЦ˼㰡һҽڳԵķҲаֲôõһա
ΪеʳıζĲһܵ顭ˣֻһͨûʲô˵ġѦ²˸ԣԷĶ統ׯҩ
Сǳҽ⿳ʳҩһʡ
ιõôڮʲôֻһͨϱѵϲ
ðɣǿһŵ㡭
ʲôǿһŵ㣿ûףͿʼˡ
ĸ㰡ҵרҪͷѧյĻҵԸСͽܣΪʦϸģʮұ֤Ҳҽϵ
裺
лˣá
Ѧ̾˿ʮֵʧǰĲȣˣ㲻Ҳˡիô
ʮֲͷʳҲʲôë
һȥÿ԰ɣ
ÿ죿Ҫ⡣ЩիżһȷʵĺܣԾ˼ܲסˣңζ軹ǾѦǰЩ˸ʤһ
ο豾ҲǸⲻˡ
żһձԸձ
ѦƤЦһҲģ֪Сһٳ͸ȱƵġ
ˡ
̧ڶԷôˣҼҳ˶ٷ󣬾ͺϳˡ
ָоͦġ
⻹Ҳ̵úá
Ѧի֮󣬾һµķرͷ羰˳ʳڳӱߵʯϣиΩΩФĶʯʯһˮһ¶棬ˮ峺ĺܣӵ¾ۼŲϷˮϻмƬҶ
߰ҵСвϴ飬ֵڷر׷֡
·ߵʱʮֵƤת˼Ȧֻܿˡ
СӵĿǺܼ򵥵ġ
һȺСܹȥ֮󣬺ԶԶĻ䵥һͷ°͵͵ǰ
䵥СгСС϶ǳһĺɫ̥ǡ


95 
ǡشһԵʯ߳ѵ
Ǹϴ̥ǵСоæ˵ͷС׷ȥҲֻǰ˼Ҫӽ󲿶ӵʱͣס˽Ųͷںš
ؼ״ҡҡͷߵѦߣ˵
ѦոҲע⵽ǸڲͬСС
̾һ˵ǸĺӣǺӽճûãͱɽϣЩҪڻҰҺиȥɽϲҩͰ
ƺܶ졣
裺Щ񡣡ͬǸճñڻĽҰ⣬ͬҩ˸˻ȥ
һԵѦ龪ȵ۾
صĵ۾Ҳ¶˾ȵɫǰλ¹ӣʷţ̸²ȻǼ˵ģȴҲ;һȥֻԷòɫǾҲģ¾ͲᱻɽҰǵ׻ǲͬġ
ؿЦ⺢ӵĸĸɽµĴΪʱϴźɫ̥ǣ˵Ƕת˴ֶˡ
ĸĸѾҵˣ
Ѱ˴һ¾ҵˣ˼ҲԸϡǺӻ͵͵ɽҹ̸ϳˣ˵ŵܵá
֮Ʋֻصü춼˵һ仰ͼõԼ

裺ֻһɫ̥ǣ˵Ƕ
ԸĸΪп̥ǣͲԸԼĺӣ
οֲֶ̥ǲȥʱҲһɫ̥ǣֻ̥ǣûгϣǳֱڲࡣ
Ϊ̥ԽԽ仨ͣʮʱԼҽˡ
Ŀɿڴ̥ǻȥ
ѲҪ⣿
裺
ˣȥ̥Ǿ͸һһЩʵĲҩַһһȥɡ
ôһ˵ţԷæȴôҲ̫ÿڣǡ
ҿ԰ȥϵ̥ǡ
ԼСУЩԵ֣ĵطܶࡪ
ͬˡ
Ǳлṫӣӷգ
ͷȼһƵҩơ
ȵߺѦһֻ֣ڶԷӣ㻹û߹
Ѧֻ֪޸ĸСҽʦʦһɽӣʮʱԷԴɽĴҽβ
֪ԷȻ
Ц̧ͷΪҲʲô˵ģѦƽûʣҲ𣬡˵ǸӤ𣿡
Ѧôһ˵˲ͼˣ͵زȥţεıס֫㡭ŲǡôôĵĸĸأĺӶòҪ
ӦòǱĸģǳ⡭軹ǵʱǶԷ޶ϲ޻ϲĸĸӦòԼĺӣʲô飬ɽӣ˸ˣҪǳ˱
ʦְڸѰ˺üĸȴûд˭ʱ˺ӡ

ΪСúÿвټٸĸð
иѲĸ̣һҪƭȥӣ˺üԼٸĸðЩ鷳ʤƢʦҲûٸѰҸĸˡ
ҵ˸ĸû
ûСҡҡͷôȥӦҲˣңѾˣҲҪĸ顭
οڴԽĸʲôģǲҵ
ǸѦô˵ٹһ¾ҪĿˣ
Цԣ
ˣ˵Щˣɽɡ
šѦЦŵ˵ͷ뵽ȻҪһηţ;̵ģСȥ̥ǣҲҪŹУ
ǧһ˹ŶһζУ
ĴγŲƨ棬˵ˣҸҪţһ˵ĻṦͷɹˡ
ѦˣҲŶ
ѦСӺһסˣⱲֻܸһš
֪ˣ֪ˣδСɻʲôµҪû
Ժڼصľ㲻׼Ҷ
裺
ͲܿƵˡˣתƻ⣺ⶼûףرҲض˰
㡭Ѧޱȣ㻹ҲҲӡ
裺
ҵȫϽˡ
Ѧ鱧ֱۣ֪϶ĳЩطӣûϵҸأҲģҲҵľƺòã
ãŵģԷһ⣺ҲصڣصľҲô
Ҫ˭֪Ӳ۸Ҳ书֮ǰ˵Ҫ书ģôڶûʼ
𼱰ǳ֮еʱ㡣

ӹ÷ɿ죬Ǵ¹ȥˣȥҹϹɵĻϵĻһֱóصĺܣƷһһ㣬ȷʵƯĺܣºÿǺÿˣŵﰡټͷϴģϹҵģԼ׻·ɲǴżʮĶ
΢ΪԼҶӵһ뿪ˡ
Ͼ飬һҲһأˡ
ҲǶԷԼҪġ
˰׻Сĵ۵ã˷ֱѦԴһ£ҪﻹҪĶڻü
ѻ鴦úæȥȷһѦļױѾģȷЦĸһзȥơ
Ǵһֱһֱ䣬ϵЦɲ
ŶԷϵЦݣûۿ
ǵһöôõŻϲ
ưЦˣ}ûš
ǰЦӮǮ̤ʵ
ΧϵЦɲӲˣҼҵСҪͳˣҸ˸ˣ
Ȼ˵ľǣҵСݰֻǳ˼ţ˶ţôõһ޵ֽÿ춼ܼ棬͵ڰ׬һĻʲôأ
Է͵ˣ
̵ĴٶһЩ㡣
ƺߵʱٴƭЩ
Ȼúܣ浽˰¾ź죬޵ҵҲҵɵһͻϲϲĴ´磬Ǹ޼޵Сģܵĺܡ
ʱȻѾٽȴȵúܣΪѦţͱƽ˰˱飬һصĻҲʮֺʡ
ȴװһ󣬱һţ򼸸硣
ˡѦ˸ͷ̸ӵĺܣһϲڣ黰һţͬʱɻ
ﲻϸ˵Щʱ飬˵˵žͿ᲻ѦȻҲܸжǿ޲
ΪһֱŵȻҪµ裬Ｄĺܡ
Ʋ˲ᣬԼɵֵĶӶʱըˣ̧סѦҧгݱȵ޲ޣ׵첻޲ҿ޲һ㡭


96 
ѦֻԵĵ˼ᡣ
֮ѦС̲סڴʵʲôʱŹӭװ
ƺݺݵһۣأڼʱû
Ŷ
ŶʲôŶٿ޼
һԵϲ̲סӲ˲ͷĪеĺˮμӹϰٳ磬ûһĸӡ
Ÿͷӭ׵Ķһ·ѦſڣʱѦҸΧԹ۵ȺС׷Ŷĺƴ֣ǰ洵쳹ʣڴſͣ£˿˽ݣߵѦſڡ
ʱҲѦˡ
ԭϴЦȴڸҪŵʱ򣬶̬סҳɫŹصĲ̤ſڣ߳ȥͿӭ裬ʱ;һΣͬʱһһ˷
ϵɫЩסˡ
Ѱ˼š
һѦķĺɫɫһһƻޱȣ߽ǴŽߣͬƵģһɫϲ۵ĽһͷīɫͬƻķţͬŽɫĲڼתŹ⻪
ڿ߳Ѧʱ۾Ц⡣
ߵѦĸߣ˫ЦԽˣǸźͷӰϿ˼ۺתơ
óһ죬λѸ㶨ĸʲɵĴѦСӡ
ʲôĿ飬춼ܴĹȥ
΢΢ͷгЦݸ̵۵
ǿѹס߾ȫȶסϵɫڱʲô鶼벻ֻǰĶЦˡ
ôҲ벻ԭƽһϾɹӣ˺ºȻôɫһһһдŹĸ֣һ˫źɫεһۣЦʱβͶ߷ֹ˵⡣
ˮŨŨЦ⣬룬ʵͬһ㾵ˮ£ڶԷ۽ǵЦʱǹɶصģȻɵ̬Ƶͷһ
ǰҲ˿ǰĺǰĵҪʧɫ
ҪҲ̫ˡ
ֲſΧôһȺˮйͨˣлвٹ˫ƶǱɹٸģ߹˭ֿܵסԷأ
ֽŽӲǣѦ֣С۶ֽǰϡ
Է̫ˣԭ׼һϵΪɹٵĻȫˣֻѶԷߡ
ٲҶҪǶ˼ʡ
ɽӵԼ·ɣе㷢㶣ȷȷʵʵĸܵǰµǴϢζȵȷϣҵѦСӺе㲻̫Լ˼򵥾Ͱܰ˴ߣ
ʱôѡڳ׵춼ôؾܰ˴ߣô˵
²թ
άϵЦ⣬߹ȥѦ飬ڴ˹ʱ̱СĽֱѻ˱׵Ű
ڳɹ˽ӵˡ
ЦŸźͷѦתȥ
Ѧ룬ｹĺܣոſڵ׷ʲôôһ֮ǰǻ˺ܶΪɹٵĲ裬ôһȫûˣԷ
·ͷġ
Ѧ첻ʲôͷƺϲһҪϣ˵ףһһҪڶҹƼԷģܺͺһӣƼԷģһӶĻ档
ѦҲڴľһƳʵʵıס棬ûƿͷȥԷ
ĻѾסˡ
˰İӭ׵Ķ飬ٰﳤƵһȦһȦſصԼլԺֻΪѦļױ̫ˣеļױ̧ܰѷɴԼļҡ
ľϯ˲࣬ĴѦҵˣưæţɵĽУ豻˲پƣҲ벻⣬˶ҵ·ɡ
ѦڴϲϣѾʼǵָĥˣһ죬ĸ
ϢӴһĻ󣬱ЦתִӴ˳ȥԼ»ҹҲҪߴ
ҪŶԷ
Ӵȥ䣬ŪһЩ춯󣬴˽ȥ
Ѧ⶯ʱ򣬼Ҫжӯ
躬ЦߵԷȥŶԷ֣Բǰ£ɫԱ߻ŸӰٺ֮Ĺ̡
̧˶Էĺͷ
ڿԷһʱȫ˵
迴µѦ飬һĺѣ̧ʱ۲һתգգ۾һ˫Ưͫ棬һź޵ɰ룬ƤϸɣƯһ࣬͵ϳʱǻһ϶ˡ
ѦѾڴһῴµ裬Ҳû뵽Էһ¾Ȼġǡ

˶ʧ˰죬ȻعľȻѦ飬ѦӾ֮߳Ͼ͸ӵӥƵĴλϵ˽ĻıסԷ֫˽§סʱΨһ뵽־ǡڡ
û뵽ƽһ´ޱȵС򣬻Ϻɫ·Ȼôһ˵С
ε˺ڼˣ
ĺܣǰ֮Ѧڵľȥôһ·Էôһ·ӭףòͷ¶汻һַ˶⣡ˣ
һ뵽һ㣬Ѧ鱯ߵİѻ˱øһ㡣
رסˣһλãöԷԸʵϣͷѦüɰһں߷Ц⣬ôˣұôѲɻ˰˲ɣ
Ҳû뵽»ҹԷ⿪ͷĵһ¾鶴Ƶꡭ
Ϊǻҳĺ꽻ơ
ϾѦСӶЩҲܽġ
Ѧ軳˲䣬Լ˵˳ȥò绨ɹٱȿȥ
·׼ġ
裺
벻Ҫҡ
Ѧ飺
ѦߣεСдԹʧЦˣúõ»ҹͰСϾһӵĴ£ѡƯĻȻʲôúڵģ˵ˡ°뱲ţ˵һͿˡ
ҪǾÿˣڸ࿴ۣһ϶ûϵ
Ѧְı˼£һ뵽֮ԷԼ˲Ÿоһο壬ɿ̧סԷĲͷϰһ£һĴҲſأһӶ塣
˽ƺҲС˵ֱ̫࣬ӽ⡣


97 
Ѧ鱧ϲϣҲûдϵɴʷʵĹߴɴ͸ɴᣰĵطʣһСĿռ䣬ֻʣǱ˴ˡ
ʱ°úܣ·˴˵ĺ
Ѧ龾Լ°ڣʿˮתʱԴͿ˿ǣͰ͵֪ȻҪʲô𣿡
裺⻰Ӧ㡣
Ѧ飺»һΣеŹˡ
°ڽŵģ̿·¶һʮֲõЦݣⱲЦһ죬ϵЦݷ·ûͣһ
ѦƳЦݣʱһȣɫһݣһ˵ĽܱܲЦˡ̫ˡ
öԷһ޵ѣȵ죬һҪһ׺·ٴˡ
˳ǣôоڵϷҡ
ѦϿҵҳԷɫ
ü㻰Ұ
Ѧ̧Щ˼ĴһԼϵСУһֱԼ󵨵ĺܣǾ˾ƤĺܣȻƽʱϽС򣬵ȴš
ܹ˵ˡ
Ժô𣿡
ϵЦˣȻԡ
ҲС򡭡
ףƺ㶼С
ҵѦƹСһӾ͸ˡ
ٺ١ѦɵɵЦŲ߰ѶԷסСѦƹҽҲͿˣȻƹĲ㷢ǮƹһŶ
裺⻰ֵֹܾġ
Ϊһܼӣͦڴġ
ÿһѵ𣿡
һ⻰ƽ̧ѦǰԺҺСԵθɽӹˡ
Ѧֳŵ֤ǵġ
黰ǧҰ
Ѧæͷ
˰ѻ˵֮󣬱˴˼ֳĬһѦŻŵģȴ֮鷢һϲ˵飬ڻĺܣϻջǵġ
Աߵļҩҳѡһ㿴ĸȽϲ
ЩԵģЩ֬಻֪öٱ
Ѧ۾ѡһ
ЦŰ˹챻һƿͰһ˽ȥ
һϵĶҹעǱ˵Ĳ֮ҹ
Ǹ򣬻ǸҽʮָĴ˽ҲȻļȻó׻˵úã׻ǡֽϵվǳ֪ҪС
ʵ֪¡

е鶼֮迴˯ȥˣһǣ§ڻű˴˵۾˯˹ȥ
˯ǰ軹ţζȻԺǲǲܵһ㡣
һ죬Ѧֱ˯ɹͣȵĹѴ֮ԺԼ۾һ۾ĿɼģǺûλ۾ĴɫϲʣѾסķ䡣
ѦƬֱ̺ԱЦ۸ҡ
ϵˣе£ߵȥĿڵˣ
ԷЦݵ̫ˣѦԤ׼ܵ˱˫˲ֺˣϵԺﲻϳˢεС˾ͷ·˻¯һȫȵͰ͵㡭ٶЦˡ
еΣ۽ǵЦ΢ЦһܰҵСɣ»ĵһ졭
Ѧʮ˽˶ԷĻ§סԷ֫ͷļϣԷֻǰܵ˼ű˴˵¡
ЦġѦϲԷЦ̣Ц̫ھĶǣ﷢֣巢߷·һůڴ
Ѧϵ¶Ƚȥ󣬻ոռЦݣ־ЩģԷϣҲǴЦݣһ˫Ц˫İһըȥ
ֵֿ˼㣬֪Լôȥģֻ֪ԼʲôĵĻ˵ˡ
ߣСһ㶼
۸ˡ
ѦСе߷ߵģǰ˵Ĳſھҧ˶Էϣĥ
豧סůһţ뾭ոܵĽӴӵˮ
ǰѦС˯ʱֻĿֱϣ㶼￿ţͶͱ֮飬ȴĺްɬ
㵹ʵϣڱ㣬Ҳġ˻ҧҡüͷ壬Էҧĵطʹִ֮ŵЩ鲻Խ塣
СݺצӵҲ
ҹʰʱþһº󱳣ѾȫץۺĳЩֵֹҧۡ
ȻҲû׵ķŹֻСʲôվŵŵŵŵбŵȫԹһ飬˲پ顣
㻹ҧ㻹ҧȻҪȥĸѲ㻹ҪҴһӡȥڻ˵һѣϷʵҧҧɡһһҲû١
ѦɿݣĺһŲأѦСӿֵİһϣ֪Сҽ߳ȥӡǶָ顣
ѦЩҸ۵뵽žǷǸĺô
ҧҲ¡
ʱҲûаʹͣһǶԷָҩ
Ҳвõһ㣬Է̫ͨ徭Ѩ̫շִˣ֪ôȥˣҲ̫ˡ
ֻһֻƻèצµСһʵʵɵꡣ
Цˣ̧ѦĶͷϵһ£öԷ̫ţСӡҲܼӡΧ˶
ѦϽ̧סԷ죬һۣ㲻ҪһҪأ
˺ˣˣϽϴɣﻹǡ
Ѧ顰šһʱ䣬֪ڵʱ֮ʮֺԼȻ˯ڣǷƽ˼ңǻѵһϱ
Ѧ黻һ»ĺɫתһ£۽ǳ˳飬ɣԷķװãһҪ
Ȼ׺ɫȲɹٷװĻȴҲǺƻģֺǵĺɫ˫Цһۣ࿴ۻ궼ûˣԷȻīɫĳУϵһɧСᡣ
ѦЩ˵ҪҪǻƽװ°ɣ
Ҳ֪ôȥݣԷһ··ҲűƵģһ׵ɹӱ˹˵Ĵ
˵ʲôɵأ»һһһ׵ģƵñĸߵѦߣڶԷһѣָͷ
Ѧ飺
ܲ⡣


98 ϲ
ѦԹ緹֮һȥ˿ڡѡСԣѦһױ˼ʮɣרΪСһ׼ġ
СŬܶһ죬ܵʱǳϵķܶûгһֻӥɡ
һϣСѾһֻƶƤġӥˡ
Сӥ˵ִ˴ĶƤŹֵĸѦ˵ŵ÷ɲˡ
Ѧ飺ȷʵܷʰ
Сߴߴ
»һ죬ӥ𣿡
ѦЦˣɡ
ѷɲСԷŵϣŬڵ϶ߣʳСĹĵĳ򣬿ĳ̫ˣڲСģֱڵϣʳ
ͺԼӥţĪֻڵʳˡ
£צֱбڵϣһֻӥ
ҡҡͷҺڼ棬֪ǼҵСȥųˡ
Сӥ࣬ȷԼ󣬲ŰֻӥŻӥ
ÿ˼ʮ꣬ɽʵĺܣҪȻܱӥѹˡ
ӥе͵ϰСԣʱԼһޡЩۣΪѵĶ˼֦Ҷȥӹӥѡ
СԵצӣöԷúӶ£Լӥѣộộ
˼֦ʯӽȥϴЦ⣬ڶԷĺ󱳶˼˺ɣѦСԷϲǡģȻѾô࣬ϲǻǵȻԼְɡ
Сϲ֮ѦһԼļױһŻżʱȥѦҡ
լԺ÷ǳṦɹȥǾƬ̵Ĺ򣬾Ƶ·Ҳò˶þ͵ˣԭԼ·۵߻ȥѦҪ
û취ˣǾɡ
વĳլתֵѦ
Ѧ軳ĵ˵ͷòķ᲻ñ˹ۿ
达˾ԷöԷʩ
ûԼƽʲô
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ЦŵͷԼüĵסԷüģʵҲ

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Ľʺޡ
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ϹЩʲôǳ˳飬ʲôûб
ʮֲİԼһͷѦ˻ָϸĵĴõ˼ͷ
ѦڵĴͳԼרСӺСӣİԷᣬֺãҴˣҲСǹͷ
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۾΢΢𣬿ŶԷСģһˡ
ȥǱҽù
ѦСһʮС鲽ҪǱ˹
һĻţëʲôʱŸģ
ѦС죺Կ˭ܲšС̥
ÿֲʲô⡣
Ѧ鱧Ż鵹ڶԷϣһԱյģڶԷͷ
Ц§סˣѶԷ㲻һҪѧҽôˣ
ѦίͰͣǰģǰ˵ѦСӿһЩҽ飬ѧ˺²֮ģԼ뿴ı飬ͱһ𿴣⿼ҡ
ش𲻳⣬ܴĵġ
һ㶣㲻ϲаɣ˺ù
һѧҽСѧѧȥ˽ĻǻĶԲŴ࿴һЩ飬һЩȽ˼ҽԷ
ҲǲϲǣǱʵƿԡ
ͷһˣ˵Ǹûĸˡ
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óԼ̫ؾ룬ƿк·ʼԷʩ룬ڶԷ¸£סԷؼĲλĵطԷڵĳ㲻Щطȥ

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⡭ôҩأ
Աҡҡͷֽʱˣ㣬ϾһЩǺ˺ӡ
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罹ˣôһ°ôְҩ³ˣҶˣҪõ򣡣
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÷ɢԽȥ󲻾ãкֿʼŻһζԷ³ĶͿͷƤ飬һа׵кģȻǻģᶯ
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Įܡ
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100 ɽ
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к̽鲡顣
к죬Щ򳤵̫ˣƫͷҲ뱻롭
úÿҲˣͷһҲ档
磺ʵʵ
򿴹кֿ迪ҩ˵ͷⷽӳ԰ɣѾ޴ˡ
Сҽ治
˵λشøµ򣬵ûôֻ֪Էᣬҽʮָιü֢տϹ̻ҩ̲ס̾ȻΪ
ͽԬ⻰ʮֲΪȻһŶʮĴж汾£ͻͶȡε没
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һﲻƺڱĿڳϣ͸ĵâĲϣƤͬʯһ󣬿ٱӱһůЮһϸܵĽëԽµӰϡ
һƻѣڴ¶Өļ΢΢ȥСѣϵĺ¡һÿĻȣѦܼǵöԷȾƵʱǵطһһʱɶ̲סеڸɡ
Ѧ̧Լƣ˶ԷյĽĺ⣬ǰ˿խʮƯֻǶԷȻ·ʱϸݣʵСһӲļӲĺܣҲˣҧҧúܣˡ

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Ϊ⡱
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ÿ򻨹ȵӵĶϲá
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ϴɾ֣΢Լ󣬾ȥС
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ҲǼŵԣιС
費ĳţƳԷʱżһЦݣ˳һ۵źƬιԱ˵
ΪѶһźƬǰš
극Ϣһ߳ȥʳȥ˿СԣСӥԼӥСԲҪͶιɻû꣬ġϲǡҲţԼǷݻķӥ
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С˪ƵĽ˼
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ΪʲôǲԸҴӣ𣿡
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Ѧ۾ϸϸǵȴͻȻоǰĻһתΧˮ·ߵ侵ߣԷǣԼ֣һš


101 
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Ѧ۾סԼգһ̫֡ˡֱǰС
Ҳ۾صѵҵĵôŻ˯ˣ
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ʲôģȻǶζ塣
ѶԷִԼֱŲںѾˣҲ
ﴵС򣬷С裬ٴһθòã
ִҡҡͷ³֣á
Ĳ𣿡

Ѧż֣ڶԷĶŵ˼仰
۾һбҲӦ
Ѧ˺϶㡣
Ȼܺãǡҡҡͷ̧ڶԷıͷϹһ£ҵĻشǲСЩ̲֪𣿡
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Сǵȥ
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ܵһƬʯϵĵƸϣѦ鿴ǰһкޱ𾪵ĿǰĴʯš
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˰ɣ֮⣬˿ɷֲˣҲͲõǮƶˡ
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ѦܵȥѦ߳ܵʱɻǾò˼顣
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102 ̽
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ԭصεҡҡͷով֣ԭѦ˵һˣСֻεļȥԼĲҩ
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һĳٰǣѦԹԵıֱڳＤСڿʼȤˡ
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ǽԵ͸裬ֻһֱûϺʱԭǴɻ鵱͵ģϧҹ̫ˣϴ󣬶ҹôϡͿĽˣѦʹĳɻһҹͣϧҹҲ˱ʣε˵һƼң𾪵ҵĵزѾ벻ˡ
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104 Ѧ
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ҳֺ֮Ѧһȥ˳ң壬һûбԴ豻峤˼峤ҵưͶѾưˣȻ𣬷һ㣬Ѿһһ˵
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ѦڳңС죬ڼι󣬸ǰص˸ǣԹ緹Ѧһ궫һɿڣ˴ǰD


105 а
ǵĶɿڣڶε
һѦɿ뿪һΡǴСϼҴڵһ˴뿪
Ķȫ̧˴Ҳ⿪˴ǼƥϺõԣҲһ˴
Ѧ²ָŴǰæѶϴԼҲȥ֡
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ӣˣǻȥ
Ҫ붼ȥɲЩһˣ
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Ѧ߽һЩǳ¼ү棬¹۲Էɫݺ󣬷ֶԷܲǷˡ
Ҳֻǳ˶Ģ


106 ɱ
죬Щ밴ס
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·˿ԼҶڵϷ裬ǼᣬԱߵ·ҡҡͷ뿪ٿ˼Ҽ־硣
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Щôأ
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Ǳգգ۾ٻĴҲ˲١
Ȼþʧˣ⼸ļ䣬ȴԭԭĻļ֮С
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Χе˶Ϊˡ
аˡ
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ҡǰЩ죬һͬ˵ҳЩʵ⣬˵żȻġǱǰ飬ȷʵһͬ˲ҰĢžƳԣζʵͷҪҧ
жˣأ
Ǳ˾ԷǺ˲״ףɶԷԼһô඾Ģѵûг
⼸ôû˵Ҳˣ
˵Ƕ˶Ģ
鷳һȥżһˣһˣ֪жûǱҪȥżҿѵ۶ԷûжӦȥ
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¼үˣ⼸ر֡żĸЦеĸǴкĵİкݣ۾ȫǸ˵ɫָȥ裬Ҳ֪ôģԴճȥ֮Щڷ
˵Լĺӣĸʱϲʤǰҽ飬ǲϣԼԼ鷿⺢ӰǰʱҳŬˣȴֵԲѧʰҲһѧɵģһҲúúϢˣһǽҪ𣿡
ǱɵˣΪ˼ʵڼ飿
ô֪Լĺѻù
³
ǰ⺢˺ܶ࣬һĴ鷿ŶԸ̤һһ͵ķʳ͵ſڡ
⺢̫ùˡĸ˵Щʱ򣬻еС⡣
ĵĺӣԸѧˣӻͷ𲻻
ǰȰȰ˵Ҫù鰡Ҳ̫̿ˣΪĿۡ
ȥɣһλҲǵͬģã֪ѧʹô
裺Ǹ򡣡
󡭡򣿡
Ǳżҵ鷿ȥҺףһ鷿ȴûˣǰӰӶûУǱҪδ˳ȥʱȴҵ
ԼϥǶԱߡ
ʲô
ꡭңһϴ
ǱֻоԼĺ⵽ػӣܻʡϴͷ㺦֪𣿡
ſң㣬ҵī֭ҡȥ֪𣿣
īī֭ǱֻԼǱһ࣬Ǵף㻹Ҽ붼ˣ
һ鷿衢Ѧ顢ĸ
ĸɻ⡭⾿ʲô£


107 
ж˵ĸ
ĸ󾪣
⼸ʵʵ鷿ǡΪԼһϴ
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Ǳ᣺ҲΪʲôôƵ¡
ѹ㺦֪𣿡
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ʩ֮ڽʶԼһϴˡ
ҡ⼸ʲô
˵һҪһΧ˽ͣ㣬ҷˣ

˽˶֮ҲͲٲֳǱ֮飬Ѧһ뿪żң»صիϾһʼǴȥƷġ
ߵիʱѦȻ֮ǰ·˵ͷһģʵ裬͵Ц̫ÿˣһ㶼һҽĴ򡣡
üҽĴӦóʲô
Ȼǰ׷Բԣͯպ׷һɵģ˵İиҽ򣬾Ͱһͯպ׷Сͷձĺϲ˵һģǻ룬ɲһ𣿡
ѦЦǰȥü۽ȫдЦ⣬˵Բ԰򣿡
ͯպ׷裺
û̧Ѧգεûһ޸ɰ
ζ롣
豻ԷĳʵЦˣǣԷ֣ʮָۣЦ߰ɣɼҵķɣһȥ
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ʵҲءȻҵķ羰Լҵķ羰ҲѦ鿪ĵٰǵ侵ǳɫȵ괺죬ȥŷݡ˳ǣ߷ž͸ˡ
Ѧһ߳˵ţһ߽Ųӿٶǰߣǰƺһ̨ףкܶľǕDķء
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һDľɫÿֲܹλ
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ҷȻãȴҲëǾ̫ˣǮ˵ҪͲҪϺõĶ˵Ӿӣ˵ͶûûΣӦúúñܵĶȴϧ
Էһ׵ʣĻܳƵϡ䱦ﻹһ㻭úղأ鷿Ѧ˺ü죬Ҫ޶ĳλʼٸߣԼĻ̬ȾȻǡ⡱ûбܺáͶ˰ɡ

˾Ͷˣ𣿡εĻرסˣůСһľѱߣϣ΢΢ĸԺĳʮŵ⣬뻭žͻš
㻹ٻһDͼ𣿡Ѧͷ̧۾ֱǰ衣
裺
ô˵ˣѦбб۾ѦСӵ˼˲תת΢΢Ϲ㲻˵⣬뻭žͻţСѵˣ
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ܺǰһDͼһģһ
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ôѦͣûлʲôDͼǣ۾̨ϣDĳDͼܻʲôأ
оƺ顭ѦЦģ⿪ģѵһ⾹ȻΪѵǵӣѦСҡ
ƽԷƿԣĬһοǷˮתʮӶʮĪۡľ˳ϲҡ


108 ڲ
ͷҷ˫̧ڶԷϾһѣ޲׼һģһ
Ҷһ޶
Ҫڻ㿴𣿡йĿ֮ܣDɫԺǵʱ𻭱һDɫԣ¡
ڻǵˡѦ鱧סֱۣҿ˿ΧˣյСȥ֮󵥶һ͸ѦСӰɡ
Цԭ˵˵ȥҪһŻ
ѦЩСȸԾġšһ
ָڶԷͷһ£΢żֳ磬㰡ҪЩĨǣֱҪǣ˵һŻһŻԻ㡣
ѦСʮģڵĴյ򣬸ַź򣬡һŻôأ̫ҼҷˣѦСҲ̰ģʮźˡ
䣬Ѧ¶СУһҺȫ̰ĵģ
裺
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ǣʮģ鷿Ѿҵֻ
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ϣ˭û㸽ӹŵСء
˼˭͵ߡ
̲ס̧üģҸ׼ңɲЩġôͲŰľƷŽȥ
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ѦЦ뿪˹۾̨ι˕Dؿջʱ򣬻سȴżȻһˡ
򣿵򣿣
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ԭǶүϳˣ֮ǰȥٰ̼үƣǸҵ̴ٰǡ
ٰһû뵽ټԵ֪֡Ǹҽ޶ĴҽܵüһΣԵ֣û뵽¹ȥܼҽ
ЦˣҲҪлү̴ٰ
Ѧգգ۾֪ǰλǸز洬ٰĸ֮󣬶ʱøб
˵ĵĻҪлҸл㡭Ҽҷ˽ѾУöлΪҷ޶˵塭
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ǰ裬ޱȺ棬һλȻѹӣ˵һīĲӻ࣬ȻһλҽĴ
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ˣɷΪҵһλһ
һλѾ£˺ЩδЧ̾һҲǸӣһֱؽһֻϧ没޷þǰĻ
˵Ǹ̼֮ˣ⽭̣մȾߵīϢʵҲǸΪ֮ˣղżȻ䣬ʷһ󣬾Ϊ䱦еĵϲԸ⻨ؽԷٻһī
ֻǿϧԷಡ齣ġ㾳صĻ
˵没Ѧһʷҡ
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һԵѦͬĵ˵ͷԼ仹еۣһƷȷʵǻߵѪһҷҪʮŻ᲻е̫ǿˣ
ԶԷӣ϶ʲݵĻ
ҪҪ޷ſһ㣿һ¸һá
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֪ͺãԺĪҪˡһʲôDͼ;ͷֻۣϣ㷭ƪ
ѦһԹƣ׼ڲᡣ
ҪһֻţĻһһֻܵúܿţոյǼݣѦ˲ЩҶƬСǣҷϵһĻƺЩСһҲÿɰɳɶ̵Сǣһ»Ậߵ
ŷӵʲôġҷṦ׿Ǳŷܣ϶Ҳܵĺܿ졣
ҷ濴Ķŵģ޸֮İʵϱúܣѦ飬͸һСһһ㣬»ҹ֪ˡ
裺ʲôܵĺܿţ
ѹϣҾܵÿ춼ɡȵȣˣһ£ԺҪֵֹڷϡ
һεСֻӣʵʵĵͷסֱ۹ɵ֪֪ˡ
˺ѦĶԻҲ˵һŻδɵĻƺһһͼԱźüţȻһͼʷĹӣҲܰһ
λʷӰóɽˮͼǿȥDԵĹ۾̨ҵĵDͼʷӵƷȻɽˮĲĸģҪµĻԼǸī̲סٴθ̾Ǳʴտԣ֮гɵķȴֱȳɵĻʤһ
˵ͺϲɵĻ
ʷΪԼԼϲͻ⣬һ˼棬̵ģȻҪ磬ø·ϵͶá
ϲʷͬıʴһͼ⻭һԼղͣڱҪʱҲֺá


109 Ĳ
Ѧȥʷ롣
ʷһݸ߸ߵˣһŵİɫǰɫĳմ˼īЩķī֮ܳòͨϴЩ¸ߺϢʱ߰°ͣǰļˡ
ʷҵĿˣǣһȺˡ
ȺƺհʷľģˣһŰɫʿñһһëȣһ֧Ǻʡ
Ⱥ뿪ʱǡһӭͷ
ʷ⻭
ԣո߾˼ҵĻƷȲһ
ϡīѵãϧϧ۳ʲô߼ۣȻԸȥ
Ѿ˵ˣ⻭Բ

Ķ䶯˶һҲĶ˲٣ȼʷ룬ŽˣҲʷ룬ɷҲҵǸһͼ
ʷĻ˻֣Ҳ棬ֻԷҲ֮ˣȻΪհĻ
⼸ҵżҪ̤ˡ
Ķͯ´ǿһϸŵǧ򲻿˵ҵı
ǡͯĵ˵ͷ˵棬ڳСĻչһ
Ǹڼǰʱ衢Ѧȫ۾Ͻ֮ɫʷһһɨ˾ȵɫʱ泩
Ļ˳ԣٿ塣
ǷչһĴձͼϵһ۰ȻԾȻֽϣֻ⻭ɨһۣǰƺһ棬֮УһƬ̺컨ͷһ
һ۵𺳹ϸϸǻʣǾ̾ѣʲôĵֲִʻһ׵Ļǳɰǧıʴڰֽǡôֺ·ȻɣҲһ˿ĵط
Ʒֻż֮
ʷϵĵˣ鲻ԽϹ𣬹ߵĵطԼǸһƷ
һԹ޵ʷӻո߾
ѦҲعǰһͼȷʵľ˫ƺܸҷĻ£Ҫʤһһϵһô˵أ·֮˵ʱһ㣬һֹ֮УһѦԽԽĲѡ
ĳҲ
Ѧĵ׶ϲԽԽĪһֺкϤĸо·ļƵģ˵ǻ̺Ƶһ÷·һ˫һۺЦ
鲻ԽҡҡͷԼ뷨ѳѦһĲգǡÿԷһ˫һβ
֡
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ĪΪһ˫Ƶһۡ
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͹֮ڸʷ˵Լ⣬ʷֲ˯Եͷ۲ѣʧͷ۵֢״޷һֻΪִʱͷʹ֢˫ָŲϵĻһ
ë˺ЩΣȫûκЧ
ʷͷɡ
ֵµĻҲԽԽˡ
Ϊʷ
ʷӣҽǸ˵Ϊκ֢
˵Լβģʷ϶ʱƮ˿ޱ飬üͷǰ裬λòѵ´ʷԽĿ˳ۡ
Цһָָ̧裬
ôһĴмβ˵ı£ʷļһ˫۾ĴǰϣжʮûУѧ˼ҽ˼ҽ鰡ֵ־ιٲѽ
Сһ䣬ǧѽ˵ʲôҽЦʷЦ˺üЦ̶
ѦЦ̲סսȭͷҪ
ոΪǻʷӦλĲӣȴû뵽Ȼˡ
ĵ϶Ǹһͼϲ͵㡣
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ֱǰʷ룬û˿ŭ֮ɫƽĺܣ˵ҵҽΣǲǹʷӵȻ֪
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ԷϺϵЦɣƼϵɫʵΣ
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赭ҽεķѡ
ˣ֮˵
ǰĴȫĲ޲ߣǰ򣬾Ȼ˵ĲΡ
˵ĲҽΣʷӵĲһ˵һ
ĲԳ֮Ϊ֮֮
ƣʷŭڡ
⻰˵ûװ
Ҳɵõɴ۾軰˼
ѧղں̫Цˣβ˱˵Ĳ˵ûĴ𣿡
ЦˣʷӲҶ˵仰
֮ĸԴǳڸոյǸϰɡ
ʷȭͷ鲻ԽˣȴǳڵѲʷΪľ񡭡
ʷӻΪľ񣬵ǣԲġ
һԺѦȫסˡ
ֽͱƵһ˲䣬ʷʱҲĻˣڣ죡ں˵˵ʲôһģ
뿪Ҽͥ
ʷֻ΢Ļһֳϸûȷ֤ݣָܹġ
Ȼ֪ǰǴ³ֻ࣬ҪԷû֤ݣǳʷ֮֡
鷢չæ˵ˣββǧĪҪſڿӣ˲²⣬˴ҵĺ
⻭ȷȷʵʵʷް١
˻ȷʵ١ʷͷǰ裬λҾҲӢţΪǰҪһ䣬˵Ҫƾʵݣƾʲôĵ˵⻭һģ


110 
Цһ֤ݣʷӿɷ񻹼ǵDߵĹ۾̨
ʷ˲ͬشǻؿһɷڵѪ·ҪӺ۾ֵɣһǿҵĿ־дĵӳ̧̧źȴ춼û³һʡ
ʷԭڵ෽漫ΪóҲ츳ȻһDͼҲڵ
ˣĸǺӣ˵֪ʱʷֻоԼϱûǯգһ̼Ҫվȡ
Ǹⳡϵľˣ߻Թɫʷϵɫܻͨ͸
ʷĵй
ֻʵĥ͸Ǿ仰ʲô˼Ϊʲôһ˵DߵĹ۾̨ʷʹɫ
DߵĹ۾̨ʲô
Ǳīֽ⣬Ƿ֮µĵ̨ȵȡǸһͼõֽţϸ֮ƺǡ
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ϡǵãʷ֮ǰ˵ڼżУʾѪ滭ɡ
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جУҲָʱҪô죿
ΪԼѾȫ֮ߣһϸϸļûʲôرıǣ⼸еͶоһϵÿһʣǻһ˿һ·ҲϷŹ
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Ҳ˵Էпǵ;˵֪µ࣬Է֪࣬Ҳκ
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ÿƷķǶǲһģԽǾ׵ĴңԽǾԼصķǡ
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ʷЦҪƤ˺ˡ
ҡҡͷڤ粻顣
ʲôʸ̬Ƿ˵⻭ģ⻭ģǻƣЦõó֤㣿ʷ֪Ͳʲô֤ݡ
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ܻһȻܲѴ֮㡪
·µҲֻƤ޹ǡ
ҿɢ֮ڹѧҵĻѧҵķѧҵñʣϧǸϰǴвͬǿбԼȥҵķħϡ
ԼҲӦ÷ˡƷǰˣ𣿡
㱾ڵһӾȴԻǰ̡
ϵĲ֢ڣʷӣöԲԣ
ʷɫȻ·ʲôѹһЦ˼ǲٸ翹ȻǼҽ缲
һʼ⻭ȥûðϵ˼ֻϲ⻭նڼġ
ֻǺλͣƫɽϳģʱҲ֪ôģϣҲûзϡ
һУͲʰˡ
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ڱ۾
ʷͯѻ˹˫ǻķǰȫʷĳһʱ̰ǵĻ㽫ԭ
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ʷڶԷǷ֮ȴͻȻоĿõĴʯͷ
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״ס
ĵ׻һѾõɻһֱδܽ⿪ܽ󡭡DʤգȴΪζǰľɫһһͼ


111 Ŷ
ʷĻһʳڣ˵Ŀⶼתϣһ˫۾Դ˺ޱȣջƴԵɣû뵽ʷȻֱ˳
Ҳʷ˰ɡ
ڴĦߵ⣬˼ҹҲ벻ΪҪܵ۾̨ȥһһͼ
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û뵽ЩԣðĻ˵ȻҪٸʵס
⣬²¶ЩҿһѦ飬ȴǽסһΣȴ·صڕD۾̨ԵĹ⾰
ԵˮӰӳˮɫӰӡһתյķۺһΧź춷ಽ󣬶Էʱ۽üҶЦ⡭֮յ峿һ̴֦¶ˮ¶ˮʪ½ǣһ֦ݸǸˡ
һʱûлػԱȴ˴ˡ
Ǹһʢľɫۿٴζ
ǴӸɿڳ˴ִDһֱ֮ǰһ
˵ѦϸƵ૵ǵŸǵһѩ
ѦķɣʷѦ˵Ļ¶˻Ȼɫʷһéٿģпԭ⻭ľǸµһֲùֲãDȷʵԶǸǵһѩҲ˵
Ҷ⻭ġأȴδû֮ʷ۾ð´㣬һҪȥһ˸ǿµһһһͼȴ⼸µִ
ҲԭǸǵһǴȷʵǽ澰صһѩҲҳ

عѾشˡ
ͷȥѦݣʱԷȴƹⱳֻܿԷīɫĳǼӵīе
ʹȻЦȷʵǡյһ
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ʷĬĬʰɢڵϵĻżվڴǰԺʯʻӦ˯һþˡ
뿪ʷҵʱ򣬻޸п췢飬Ҳ֪ǲʲôʺˣǡɺǶһǡλİ´ǡɶȥʷβǡȻǸһͼߡ
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ṫӣλ롣
뵽һŵլԺõıīֽ⣬һ꼫˳𻭱ʣһı¼͡
Ǳ߻һֱԱߴӵ۵ģ޲öԷһ㣬ϸһ㣬ｹĺܣ¶ԷһСĳ˴ǧһ˿覴á
սľģȴֲҳţ͸иèצƵģҵүڣû㣬ܻܲ㣡ǻ㰡
һ䶨ķеĻʡ
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ԣеҲʤΡ
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á
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СΧǷصȴǷʼɣ᲻˵һ䣬²С罦ȥĭȾĻ´̾ϲԲ٣ⵤһ£ȻǼٵ治ˣļٲˣһֻ֤Ƿˣ
ûаװҪһ֪ԷַҲǮһĻư⣬ûкӹ׵ǮԼղؿֵ̨߰ëʡ
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һǮһ̵ĲŪС̡
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СڿȥǰĻˡ
ߵԷ£Էδĥһ󣬰λҹ˯ھɵеСϽ˱úáѵһ١


112 ִ
ڶһ磬·ȥݣ˸磬Ѧһڳ¶δ֮ǰ˕D
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ƹĵȻҪ̰ĵ㣬ȻôҼС򡣡

ˮ·½·˼֮󣬸ھ³ڵִݷᰲء
ѦϣѾߵƨˣһսọ́ʲôƵⶼԹһ飬в飬κθ·һֱȦһСΪ̫Ȥ
ҪִᰲǰѦ鿪ʼੲݵ˵ԼĽѦͽ䣬ҽǸԸˣСʱرãرңǽܵĸһǼõġ㣬ӦҲɣһҲϲˣǸˣҽһҲƢԸƵһˣҽ飬˲Ŵٳ¡
˵˰ͽ飬ΪѦεĶʵĵһǣ׵ʱ򣬴˼أ
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ѦСԣֻʮְı˱ԼСڶԷĲ߲˲䣬ʱףǲˡ
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һ·ᰲظȥᰲҵմʱȴ̫
һҶӺƵˣΪطĸ٣ҲڿҿҰӣһľȻǸ֥С٣ʹˣû̫ҰģҲÿ촦깫󣬾ڼ񣬲ǻ
Ǹûʲôӵģһλˣûͨôͷྴӣزۣӱ䣬ȢѦҳŮѦ㣬ʮ꿼ţξδУǸС˫ѦСꡣ
Ѧϸ´ӣʱЩѲӤСݸèƵģ޶޲̵ûУһģѦ⺢ӺҲëĸ˵˺ЩУ˸ˡ
Ѧɷչ޶ʱҲصģҪ³ƿŬʱȴ׮ѹͷ䲻ЦĿƿûˡ
ǰλһͬ¹ԺѧͬʱݼװΪʦ˭֪ΪӣѡﲻζһֱƲ֣ѧҵһӰ죬ص˼СӵĳŴЩϲϾͱĸ״嵭ˡ
ǵʦϤĽ̵һ䣬ҪԶԶ˦ں档


113 
⼸յĸ׵ţ˵ܵܺ͵ܷҪ̽ףеѦڴϣϲãǵѹ
ϲܼ׵ܵܣǵĻ׵ܵܡ
ǲأټԼӲãҲѦѻ׶ģӰ˰۽ǣĨʪᣬһ뵽Լ׵ܵѦ·ݳˣ̲סıۺ졣
ѦҸĸҲǸѦΪ㣬ܵܶųģԸ۰ܵܣ׵Ѧ飬⺢ģúãݰףСʱһСְֻĽ㰢Ľ
Ҳϲ׵ĵܱܵڻտš
һ뵽⺢ҲˣܣѦҲ˵׼ܣЩӣԼǻʱĹ⾰ĸڣǰѵ˵˼еĻĸһ϶ָеĽôڷҹӣСѦԱɵ㶵ģҲƶǶţ޵죬ܵѦ尲ţ֪۵Ѧ֪ԼҽҪȥˣ޵øƵģ᲻ýߣǱȰϰ֣Ȼһͬˡ
˭һȥײˣ尲ҲûˣѦңֻʣƺֻܾܵʣĸ׸޻£ǻȣܵܵĻܶίĵֵܶûС뵽ЩѦĵ׵ܡ
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ӣڼϱСЦôԼĹѧҵҲڷǰ͸¶¶Է˼ټˡ
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ǡģôٺҲģЩǲ֪ҵǻòҵܵ尲Ҫ尲˵ˣԷŶʮ꣬ҽжߣϵĻҲˣֻһ룬ҵģ϶ȫû˵ѦüͷǸ˼صˣȻ˵蹫ӶöãȴģһЩ֦ϸƲĶ̫
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ʲôãȼ˵ˣ治֪˶ԷΣϹºöˡҲ̾һӵĵЩֺγأ
һ޸ĸ޼ϾͿʮδǺö
Ҳһʮı˫ܵܣĸҲΪѡ˼ңѡĶģãﶦ֧ŵĺ˼ҡ
ֻѦֻʣ¹¶ĸԲѡˡ
ĵҲ޵ѦѦõģ϶ԼˮĴײ˵ܵܣһͷ֪ðĴҰˡ
˲⡭ڵܵǰֳǲͽġ
úϢţ̫࣬ǹ͵ˣ˵룬һɻ飬ͷ㣬˵ܷ϶ҲȥҲӵģİɡ
ҳ˵żˣô죿ˣˣԶأ
Թ˯ˣӻãġ
ҵ֮ܵһҪӴǣܵˡѦҲԼɫãдܵܡ
ģ϶ľ
֪ԼҶϱ׵ܺ͵ܵܵķҪҲѶӽеչǺҪ
ͷ»ķ
˺ˣƸѡ˸ôķ
Ҳһ˫ӣѯȡȡ
λṫӵ˵˸ĸ֮̾һ갡޸ĸѧôûУ
ǸѧҽĴ򡣡
֪ϲϲӣ˵׵ʱ򣬻ѧһ㣬ʱŶûϣû뵽СӾǸһѡ˸򣬴ҲãһѦҵҽݳ
˼ҽûˣ˺һҪд
Ѧʻᰲصؽ磬ûǰѦͣԼҷһɾѣȻҲԼһԿţ˳°ӣѦϵ֮ƫͷǱɰʳ裬һĽʡ
ҷ۾õ۳Ͷٷ¶ޣܱһѹӵ
˳ȾĺīһҲ˪֮ɫ
˭öԷѾ·˴¡
ѦʱҲһʱ嶯ǵϵԼֻϧͬװŲ֮͸͵·Ƶġ

ƹ·С򡣡
躬Цҹ㣬ڲУܲȥ򡭡
Ѧˣ֪Ҳ˼
ȻȷʵûٰǶԷ·
Ѧ߷ߣֻöžգúðԼһС㿴ҵɫòð·ˣǲƣҿɲҽ㵣ġ
裺Ӿ￴Լˣ
ǵûУɫĺ󡣡Ѧе㲻̫ţоԼƺȸճǻɫˡ
ҲСˣʱʱעůʪѨλиôԱ߹ţѦԼɫܡ
ѦԼɵеɫ̫ˣ̫Զ


114 ԩ
˵˵˵ʱԳӭӣǼΪɵǺµܷɶ
Ҳ˸ֵģǸṫӣϵǼ仰Ů˾ܰλṫӷַȥģﶼҪˡ
ŵʱȥһ㣬װһӵĺģڴŵȻˡ
۾ԾϿȥΪһˣ֣û쳤˲ӣȵվ̨ױߣǼյǰͣ¡
Ȼͣˡ
ϵҲҪˡ
Ųλãתƽĳϣһַֻ·ֻһζһ˳ǰԷĶһȻͬˮһŵȻζ֮󣬻ͷһɫӰ
򣡡ѦһˣͼĽһ
ȻЩûͽˣǽģǵãǰ䣬һ۾ϳˣǰȣҪӳһЩ
վߣſͿҲ
ڿʱϵıЩ͹ҲסˣԭأʵﲻѣԺʱһ˼롣
ֻǰ˴һѩ覵Ĺ峤ۣͦһƵģͷһϮֺĴ׿üĿž͸Ƶģһ֧һĳбң̺Ψһɫһ
ҲĸĹǷţĸȻǸʵϵģλĵܷȻһͬ׵ĺòʲô·ˡʡ˫֮ĴڶԷϣȫԵÿţĸûкúϰѶԷ
ЩڶѧҲǼٷĴӣûһˣܱȵǰˡ
ԱߵѦ飬жԷڽеһʵ޷ǰ˸λ޸ĸϵʮȢ޵ṫϵһ
ͶԷģȥһˣ֪Ҫǵö塣
ɣ˵ҪҹΣżأԭӣֻ岻ʣýҳӭȥ
ѦЦŵͷҲϼ㡣
еİӭţüĹܼȥ˰ǣȥҰѦҴ˰úãѦҲͽ̸Ž㣬첽ŽߵѾߴ㣬ֱȥķ
ֿˣ׽϶ȻҪ˵뵽Ժȥ˰˷ʢƲˣҲҪúóԾ˵
Ű칫ҲŲȥˣҪЩܼ档
Ѿȥ֪ͨˡ
˵һƣƵʱԾɿƲס½ǰġµܷ򡱴һ顣
̹̹˹ۿͬʱҲڹ۲ǰĽҲǺĺܡ
ǰʮˣһݸ߸ߵӣһɫӣòöŨü۵ģԵúƽ׽ˣ䲻˵òжôȴøС
򡣡
ֶһ£æסƺԼþƣԼҲԼͶ˿ʧˣĪҪ룬Ǻһ
Цһ£Ʊһڣľˮһ۾һ˿ɻɫơ
ġ
Ȼ򣬹ֲˮζϤеİϤΪˮζѦľƺİΪѦľƣϸϸƷζڸϻ࣬ҪһЩԭǶԷģҲδľơ
ѦȷʵǼ̳ƵĺգҲ˼ʤ
ζɣƺһ̳һ̳һۼҲдˣҲúȣǵܷܵܵˣ᲻ðڳܷҽܳƣĸžƱϧһڣѦ޽ʱжʱôƭľƣƭּ̳ܿĺЩ졣
Ѧһϳ뻯ԣϤ˭֪Ƶĺգľƣǿþ׷ıѦ۰Ůͼ޵ʱ˲ضƣ˺ÿҲҪһЩ
ֱԷ
ҲûпڸӴ־ƺˡ
Щֵţ뻹Щпܣ仺ĺ¼ڣŶƵ裬жĺøиЩСң¶˿΢Цʮֹеܷǲʤ
ƣһ᲻÷֣ƽǰǰ׾ŵĵܷǸƵģ㿴һ̳ӿƣջǱ
ѦµܷǸ󷽵ģ̳Ƴ
֮սԺżСһ
赭ķ˾Ʊ
˼ĺܣҲ֪ĿʤͻأĹУԵġʡ
ʵʵ˵ͦܺȵġ
ĿһʹֲöԷܳΪѦҵĶ˱۾׳ʿһ󷽷ֵһƣһᣬһ߾г緶Ĵ󷽣ʹ۸úúȼľƣǧ
Ƴһ۶Էɫ̿ҲǸþƵġ
ǶԲסˣҲľơ
һ˼ƣ˴˵ĸ˲٣һĸ壬ԼٰǵһЩ飬ʣش
Է˼ƺ󣬷ܷȻǸþԷȾҲ˼ܷ㰡ûϺʱ򡣡
ѦڵʱƿɾͶ࿩
ȷʵûϺʱ򣬿㣬һ˫һһĨᣬľƣҲ
ĵܵҲƣ
ף޵õ˸洫
ˣ֪Ͳ̳һóΪԷǸֻһĶصСƽ˭֪ӵĴĽ
Ϊ˺ޣǫҲǾܺȵܻؾơ
ѵһĵͷְοĵܷļĵһҽܡ
й֮ͬǰλĵܷ͸ˣҪһ¶ԷԷֻǸ뵽ѦǸϲĥ˵ĸԼԷѧʣȡöԷŹҲá
ܷɶ飿
Զһ
һƣһֽһѧʡ
߸ñƱֽѧʣǱѦŽԼ׽㣬㻹ڴϣδһԷ۾ȫˡ
㡣
飬죬ð㿴
ѦæڽȥŶԷ֣ѦʵĿǰ˵ĵܵܣϣ·һźңһ˵
۽þûˣ㶼ôˣģҲԽÿˣǻŵСʱģ㶼ϲˣǽȻÿѦӲᣬĿǰܵܵģ
̧ѦϾһѣǸˣôֱҽ㡣
Ѧԩ㣬Ҹյˡ
þտ·ģ


115 Сӹҽ
Ѧһչôûþչ
ѦС̧Լգֺֻ󣬲վӣ֪ԼƤ͸죬հ֦Ƶģŵ΢΢ĺ⣬Ǻÿˡ
ȫǸ·µˡ
ǺóԺúŵĸү
ѦǰҲûԶţ˵ԼСܴȥʱһ۳Ͷ٣ɫڸǲסƣ룬ɫ۾޹Ǿɫ
ڡ
Ҳա
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е㲻֪ôȥԼҽͣ˵һ»̫˵Сҽ̫ˣ
㼱ģڶ档Ѧ㿴ľȣʱЦ˳̧ǵѦͷ
ɵܵܰΪԷĻµ˺һӣһ棬׺ɵܵɻǸûûεɵģдšҺܿġҺܿ֡ӲҪ˵ίˣǿ϶Ϲ
ѦϸǰĵܵܣҲ仯ǸһѧҽľСˣǿʻ˲٣϶Ƕ⡣
㣬ͺһ۸ҡ
۸ˣ㻹أСʱ򰢽һʱû㣬ͰԼҩȥڰһʱû㣬㶼ļˡѦ̲סٴ̧ڶԷϾһѣܷҲˣˡ˵˵Ϊ㱸µŻô
ΪұµĻ£ԼȡġѦδĽ㣬Ƥ˵Լ顣
Ѿǰ˵һˣڽǰһΡ
㰡ãһϲˡ
ֲɫĵСģ
ѦЦŸпѣܾܵɵɵ֮ǰﻹһֱĻ£콵Ե
㣬˵ˣأѦԥԥĿǰĽ㣬ɫȣǲ԰ʧѪģ
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Ѧ֪ӵĸ˲̫ùҪాȥһ£ܷҲ䣬һأˡ
ѦûӵˣԽѦģԽòʶѦָ֣ȥҪ
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㣬ص㣬ѦѦڸɲҪ伲ҽѦڳһϴ飬°Ѧ
Ѧ㱻ˣЦֲ֧úúãѦѦѦ򡭡
˼˼ҽ𣿡
Ѧŵô˼ǰҾԳѦ򡣡
ýôܰģӹҽ˲ǳѦҽݿɲ˵¡
˵滰ۼҵСѦҽ˰βѦıˣһ˫۾գҲգǰ˵۾
Ѧ鱻Ұ㿴Щ飬ԳƴֲһҪץҩҩҲһ򡣡
ҷץҩ䣬ɻۡ
Ѧ㰲ˣ˵⻹ࡣ
Ҳˣ˿ɲ
Ѧ㲻֮Ŭһ󣬺ðɣڰûκ츳һӣѲȻȻȷеϣȴ֪Ѧ̫ã̫ˡ
㣬塭ѦԽԽͣҲԽԽࡣ
尢֪ѾúЩˣֻܺúõšѦҲ֪Լ岻̫ãҲ˵Ҫǵ˴£Ҳû˿Ч
һüѣòװѺܵĽʱͷĿѣҲ۵ĶһҲϰˣѵһ㣬ѲȻްȴѪ©֢֮Ҳҩȴûá
㣬ҽ˵ȻȻҼСɡѦȻ֪̫ܲãȴҲţΪԼСҽ
Сôеܷ򣿡
Ҳƹġ
ӣ˼

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跢ֵѦҵĶ治ףǻĸĿ飬Ѧ̽ףҪʱ̽ܽĿ飬ҽʵ⵹ǲѡ
һˣϲӡ
ڿѧʡ
һ˵ӦԵʮּ򵥣ǰӣϱӶʮΨһȤǿ飬йĿ֮ܣǧ࣬ʱ岻ܶ˼άȴݵĿ£ⱲӶʮ꣬ڴǻҲǶ鳤ģ򻨹ǰǰ֪ʿһ·ҽβʿιͬҲ˰ټҵĲ⣻֪ѦĸϲӣΪȥѦףַ鼮ѱɹɷʷȵȫһ顭
ȥ״Ԫѡ
ûָԼһƣǼ·ľҲܰװױ˶Է
ʲô֮ǰ׵ʱںӳ⣿ĿġȻЩ⡭Щ⡭Ŀɿڴ踴Լͷ϶ð亹ôȥĸԽԽˡҲҪҿš
以һۣ˴˵۾ﶼһĽ
ĽԷﵽˮƽס
ĽԷôߵѧʡ
̾һ̫߹ԼˣԭԼѧ¶ԷڿӦǶԷԼŶԡ
¾ƱȥһЩ⣬ȴû뵽Ѧ˹ȥԼβ
վøе˴ԼȥϴԼľƻȥоɢ󣬲ȥѦĽ㡣
ѦĽѾȲˡ
ڼĵһʱѦ۾һĴյѦ˵ֲ˵ۼҹȻһͷС˼ˮĴײ˹ˡ
Ѧ飺
㣬õ


116 츳
۾գҲգϲװԼʲôûѦǺ˳ǱߡòȻСһơ
װװɣ
ƾʲôҰﶼ˵ĳ˲Եñˡ
ҽɡ
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֮Ѧҩݸ˶Է
ӹҩҲ㷭˷˵ͷЩͨ򿪵ҩҲû⣬ǲ̫áȻһЩ̲ҩԽȥҲ̫࣬ʤޡ
СɲͨҪҽ尡
ҪЩҩɳԿɲԣҶһҩһһ£ҩдãѦ飬ȥҩ衣
Ѧҩ˵ͷ޵ҩмζҩıȽϡУڷᰲһĵ⼸ζҩƫƫϡҩǴٰ̽һ·Сɽҹʱɵҩġ
֮ǰ֪ѦĽոδѣȱһЩܻõҩġ
Ѧӵܵϳҩϸ˿õСȥüȥɣЩ죬۸ϻĴ򡭡
㣬ѲǲĵܵҴҩ裿
㲻ǲģЩԶҲˣҪúϢǡ
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⵹ùӣѦЦĵѦϵľӡ
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Ѧ㿴ָ֮ѦӤ壬⺢ȷʵǸģûиӿҩд˲ҩţ⺢ӵ찴ҩųԣӳˮҲ岹ʵˡ
ҹ˶ˣѦλһֵĳ
ѦסҶߵһСԺ֮ǰСԺӾͱúʰˣѦѦ׵ܵܣ˿϶ᵡǸѡ˸羰ѵСԺԺ˲ٹһʱ䣬ȫǹ㡣
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СԳɣѦ³Ϻȣз棬һ𻨾ƣԼѦСӦŪľСԲӡ
Ⱥģ𻨾ƺ;СԲµٵİȺз꣬Ѧ£϶һСԲӣԼһףιѦһס
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ǰûԸ÷ѹӱˣȻҪԱƷܶȹȵʱڡ
ۼˣȻϻɿ˴죬ҹȴѾսҹ磬Ѧ黹ҪԱ
Ѧһһֱצȥϵĵӡ
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躬ЦŰһӾСԲԷ
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ѦԺ۾ĿɼıɫĴᣣգգ۾ڲڿջѹҲѹ·˴£ڵ˽ļһһתԱ˻ȥ
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ⰵ˰Ƶ㻹Ҷ
һҲ䣬СĲˣϵ˾ò
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ʧЦû뵽㻹ͷ͡С
ôûذײˡ
ЦڶԷüĵɰһڣǵ˶ԷĶϣðײɡ
ײ˻ǰײ˹ôϡͿĹС졣
ϴ֮ѦһȥСССļһû£ССһӣ·ûйͷƵģһ⣬нӹͽСԶڻﶺ档
豧źӣĨһҩͣĴӺ۵ļϸĨ֮ĺӵıСһﱻźʮʣߺЦ
ҵӣҪְ⺢ӵӹǡ
Ѧֳ°ͿС򱧺ӣöԷַʮֵһ۲Ҳ뱧ӡ
㱧
Ҳҡ
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ҽ㣬ִ򿪣ֱ𽩣ַŵһ㡭
ѦòװĺӱڻԼ۳һСôôᱧӣǰչ˹СӤ𣿡
ûСֻǰʵʵСӤڣ֪ô
츳


117 ۰Ͱ
һҹʱ򣬿ıͤﶺӵˣһźӣһ˿İɫѣһһɫѣһɴ£һ˹ģરશĺӡ
㿴ЦˣЦˣ
۾ƺеҡ
ȷʵе㣬ͦÿһ˫ۡ

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Էбŵĺӣģģӣ
ߵȥ΢΢ŵ⣬нӹԼСӣҪȥһ⺢Ӿ۾һţ۾ߺҪ˯
ȫ׵ӡ
ϸźӿ˰죬˵ҡ
ѦԷѺӱֻ֮ȻİϵĲ˹
ΪС۶ѦⱲӾûиܹ޵Ŀ֣ҲûСӤոռ豧ԼСΧһԿţҲȤ̵ĸԼҷһŪӡСԹԵģȻᶯСģ۾ȴ׷Ų˹һתתģرɰ
ˮ۾ĶҪˡ
Сɰ
Ӻӱ˼ҵ֮Ѧֻ۲Ŀ˼ҶŪӡ
ƳѦɫЦѦ֣ҲѧŶԷǰӣӣѦ̧ͷʾ⣺ûкӣҡ
Ѧ̾һ뵽ûкӣһӥһҪι
ԼĶӣѦ˫Ȼ˫ҲܻӣǺŮȣǵ̫ãСųԼĪһ£ҪȸһܻϺӡ
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˲ҵ˳Ǹ߸ߵĳ¥ϣԶϼɫĹâǳضһߣҫǵϣһҲƺȾϼɫѦ鱧סԷֱۣбſڶԷϣ紵˳ķҡҷ


121 
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ԷٱĲϦԽϸ壬β̵ĽëڹӰԽһһһţ̲סҪ̧ȥŪ£Ǹͦı촽ϵ˳
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Ұķ羰ӣȴҲΣǱڸߣһ˾Բɽ
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ִǰƮһ·ȴͻȻһֵͯɵļпԼһǵصĳ
Ѧһݣϵǳӣһ˫۾Ҳ΢΢𣬱ŻһԵϻһ̤촫ķֱȥԽ֣ڿ߰ĺͯһȺѹѹĶΧ׷½ء
Ѧ鿴ſСڵƵܼһЩپһͷƤ顣
üͷ壬·бɹȥıΪ§ڿתһȦٽĳѣһתһ㺮ֱתŷ˳ȥתĳڿһԲεĲӰӰںͯͺڵ֮Ϊϡ
ײ֮󣬿еĺӰȫ䣬ͬɫһĵڵϡ
ϵĺѣջԼѣѦ黺ڵϣЩļһ
ЩȫǺ壬Ҳ׳Ƶ䡣
ӣһŮ䶣ҧ˼ڣǸҧأϱСӷһɱĽһкŮһЩ֪·סԴͷûҧסϱ˼ڣҲǿ޵һ
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СŮȥҼң
Сʹ˸ɸϲˣûոôĸҺ˿ڣ˼ûչұȽ϶࣡˵֮Сӳ˺üģҲҪǿ˵
Ϊ㱻ݵıȽ϶࡭
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ѦЦЦתȥСߵԺĹ£СԵβ˸ոЦݣЩ·顣
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رסָڶԷĺ󱳣ԴԴͨ뵽ԷһֱסԷе̥⺢ǿȹ̵ĺܣûΪոյӰ졣ԭʧʵû뿪ֻ˱ϢԱѦ顣
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123 
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ҪĸˣҲҪѣӰһˡ
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-ԷȻԼ
Ҳûͬһѹģ
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Сóգպòã
Ѧ۾վʮֻϲ޽ǵͷҡҡͷÿҿ϶ġ
Цס
Ҫ·𣿡
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Ҳǡǣһ𣿡
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ѦͻȻоԼ΢΢˵ͷӦһԼԷһЩ
ɣ˵⸽һƬԼڸ粢˰ʱ䣬㿴һƬɫ
ҶȫˣһȥĿǳǳĽɫһһصĽƵҶƬǳ¸ԵҫۣҲһƬƣͬҶ̾Ͷɵĵ̺̺ʱ򣬻ᷢɳɳ졣
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֮ʱΪ֮һ˴Էĺ𲽼ӿ죬§סԷ֫һ˶Է촽ϣһ룬ѵˮƵǣһһӡͬһĺ촽ϡ
Ѧİ۾˫§סԷĲԷһһϵ˱Ĵ꣬ᣬȴ·ܳȫ飬վվȣֻӭ϶Էǡ
һ֮ͣԷĴ꣬ڻһҧ´ݻҧ󣬰סĺףͷɵ̽˽ȥ˴˵ĺԽԽأһǹȥ˶Щ鶯ȴֻǱŶԷ壬ᴭϢƽİӿ
˼ɶԷеĺӣסԼʹĽëҲŴɢ촽΢΢ſĬľŬģȴҲûʲôЧƺʶѦ֮ľԽԽûˡ

ץסԷҶˡ
ҪҪҰ㡣ѦͷڶԷĲߣԼҲܵĺܣܡ
˱۾Ѧ飬ֱڿնһȥգۼʧһƬ֡
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ڼһ󣬵ڶ죬ѦһǰһµĻشã豾뱧ṦɹȥѦѡ
֮ǰ챧㶼ӶˣƤˣ
Ϊ˶ϵҡ
ѦǾٰǲ˶ϵȥ̫ˡ
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ǵ˻شúҽݵĻƣغ˵һ·飬ȴҲûʲô£ǲҽֻ費ڣಡ˱ҽݺԺסţڻˣ˲ٲΡ
һҽͿʼæµѦеˣ費ȥҩˣֻڹ̨ҩǮ˳㿴ҽݹȥһµ˱
ֵĽַھ֪Ѧƹҽݺ󣬷׷׵Ѽ仰
ѦСүǻˣһҽݵİ˱ˡ
ÿаҿҵɲַˡ
ҿҵְɣŤˡ

Ϻϵ֪֮һŷ壬˭һͷ豻һȺΧסǸŲϺš
ֻȻˣ
ѦԱŸС̰રવˣֺ˼ԼǲǸụ̂ϾСȵȣˡ
ʱſڳһһװĸ꣬üһɰҲǸ˫ϹһޣŴ߽˻شá
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125 
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Է¡ھͷҵСԻأǷС˴СʶǼҩ֮ھֶүүͷιּ˶˫Сʱһ棬Ϊ˫ȤͶȫϲ廨ѦһѧҽԻϲ䡭
ԻСʱ򾭳ܣʱĿĿٲˣѦ͸ҩҩ䣬ʮ죬Զ㡣
ԻرѦ꣬ǰͳˣʱɷȥҴһӣ²ŻٰһѦ飬˭֪Ѧȴֳȥ̽ˡ
飬ûȻˡԻߵѦǰ˸С£۾´ǰѦ顣
ԻһɫƤ࣬²㣬Ψһһ˫۾ǳзâһˡ
ȻԻشСǸëëװͰϲС˫Ͷ鰮һСһ𳤴Сһ䣬ޣԼˣǰѦأһͶԼҽݣЩ鰡Ķ뿪ǻԷĵ˵Լףһӱ洫ҽݹӣ˭һͳˡ
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Ϊϲˡ裬ѦЦһ£۾Ծ̨ǱƳƳ
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Ǹƻ˴ǵĳ˹Ҳʲôкקס־Ͱǰȥһط
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ܵܣŸȥ֪ˡ

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¶ΪѣƺԷ˵ĺܶԣӵĲҲкܶ࣬Ǻðɡ
󣬵˵ͷе飬Բһ¡

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ЦһԹӺǺѣҽﲡȻκã䲻֤ԳɹҲ߳ɵϣȻҲҪһ𲹲ǡ
ԴѦ黳֮˫ӷݸӵĹעԻȷʵһҽεĲѰĴҽβˣֻڰ˵跽ŸԻ˼һҽηǱһ
ߵͨһ費ҽ书˵Чټ̫ؾ룬Ĳ֢Ҳûа취
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ͷԻججģһʱûס
Ѿƻ˺ԻһЩһӣȥ-ӣ඼ˣһ¾Ȼ·ת
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127 
˵껰ͷؽججĸһ߻ҽݴãԻؿʱ򣬻׺ݵĵһۣÿζһظװϻĴèֻҪ˳˳ëͻ˵¶Ƥ˸
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ѦΪܸܵ˺Щ졣
ȹЩӣԶٴһһҲȥٰСסһʱ䣬һżס


128 ز
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ܷ費дúãҲһһĺãǶƳ޲ѣڶԷ뿪֮ǰ˺ЩֻҲҪԼ鷿һȥš
˼ˣҲҪֻȴġ
ǵ˼ҽĺôˡڵĵ˵ͷֵĺܣҪΪ׺͵ܵˣ֮ܵѡ˺üҲر⣬ٹЩӣٸܵѡ¡
ٿ˿֣߶
Ѧ֮ǰǴģھǼҵĻǲֲ̫ȥЩ˽صĳƣԼزĲҶ˿дȥٰ
֮λ¹ԺѧĺѻˣһԼȥ¥ԾƣǰһͬȥԺΪʦΪŵӣΪԷֻһһգ˭֪ĸȥûбѡϡ
һС۳Ծƣȫʱ£һǿջЦ
Щӹȥ֮ѾԵʦ벻ˣĿֲûԼĹŵӻϸĽ̵һЩɶԷôܱȵǸŻϸָĵܷ
ദһӺѾ׵ױԷ۷Է˼άݣСиʦڲϤĽ̵˻йĿ֮ܣܷŶʮ꣬˼ԺɱȰʮ忴ûࡣ
Էд£дĽ廪£õЩָ㣬Ȼǳ
˶ԼСģ˼ѧ顣
ܵʦ̵Ȼ崺硣
ѧʴг
䣬ģʱʦ˵£ҲῼΪͽ
㵱δܺһʦ£ʵǿϧĺܣ⼸еջ񼸺޷ݳ
ǰǰҲ꣬Ҳһʦ¡
˰֣ˣҵºϲòͣûһ£ʧ֪Ǹ
պþ裬ǿǴ
䣬ɲҪͷɥĺá
ǰ㻹ϣġ
һƣЦеҿûɥҲѧʽдԽԽˡ
Աһɻ󣬡һֱڼС
˵ûʦԼڼĥҲĥ˼ƽӹԼڼпѧ˵㲦ӦѧȻ
⵱ԸΪͽܴԭΪԷͨѳɴţȻǲ϶໨˼ȥ̵һʹƽӹ֮ˡ
ȷʵһֱڼСˣ˵ãҸд£ΪڼϹĥдģû˿ҿ
˵ͷ뵽²ƽӹ䲻֪ʲô鵤ҩǱ˺ʲôԻǣȻޱ
ԸڼϹĥ£Ǵ©
˻࿴˿Ȼ۵ʱ򣬶񼸾ûοҪ٣ѧд£ҪһЩ
д£Ҳҿ
ͷ˴˽£ӣд£ǰر£ԽдԽ˳֣ӹ˵£ͷϸۿҪ֪ѧӣ¾ĳ̶ˣȣжô
ϸ˼֮󣬵һоʧ
ڿ£ٿЩ˵£ͺӾʱСˣʱûʲôƷζ
Щ֮߰ϸ˿˵£֮ǰֿʱȣǳ˲١
Ҳʼ濴£Ǳʦָ㣬ָԽ򣬽ǿſţеԽԽˡ
Ŷû
¾Ȼ٣
⡭д
ƺԷд壬Ҳǰˣ⹤ıʷǿ٣ҲϲĽ
ǲ֪鷨ҲõָѧʥеӴʲ֣дİ֮ӦоУָ˼㣬鷨о
֡⣬д£
ƺͼǰвͬ
ò͵˱˵£װԼ°ɣ˵仰ٳ꣬ѧһãδܰݵµӦø񿴼£ȴȵķֶԷдĶȻԶԶĳ
ٳʵԽܡ
Է϶ˡ
δܰݵʦôڼд£
д£ǾôЩӶڼѧʣ˵۹ԽԽߣдҲ٣Ҳ񼣬Լ߹ԼԲóԼ£ҪյͬƷһ
֣д¡ǿǽ٣
̫˼ˡ
֣дΪҲ仯̫ˡ
ǲţЩµģõʦϤָ㣬⼸µĶδܽ˹ڼѧϰ¾Ȼܽˣ
һЦǲ֪ϸ˰
ѵλʦ£
ǵҲûУҷǸ˵ĳɦɦͷ˵ĻԼĪе㲻˼
˸оĪ
ǰӣҼҷ˵׵ܴܵķ̽ףܷ治򵥡ŵ˵һԼϷ顣
ˣ֮䣬ò˼ݣĿѧʾտ黭һôٻҪ˲˼顣
䣺ʵҲˡ
ʵǺϻ
ŵǣȻҵܷ򡣡
ٰһ꣬һ죬ֱ峿ſ磬µľСдһСһɽ˻شãϵ̥ʧҲʼûһСһΪҽΪ˴һСоɽġ
СоǸСУͷĿѣͷؽᡢơѪʳؼᡢ۾ǰкڵ㡢ֶűֳ١ȵ֢״þҽľҲ˵Ȼʹɽ衣
СӾ֮ǰѧҽҲ˱ҽԽԽԽԽĻţԽԽԼزϾҪ御
˼֮ÿģָǾԼҪȥˣҡҴˣһ᲻Ҫˣ
ɵҿʲôë
Ҹоұˣ
ֲ鿴󣬷ֶԷϻҲûбʲôëĿоöѪɹԼŻԼ
ͷСӣҲ⡣
ҽʱ򣬲ҪҰ֢״Լס


129 
ĵӣСӾͨͨ˳㶣;Сһľ֮ҲҪվһСƽﻹҪɹɹ̫
һԵͷһලȥɹ̫ģɨصʱϲ¶㡣
Ϸཱུ˶Ŷ˶ϳɵ̾һЩӲҪȥ̫ɹţǳʲôˣ
ǾǷˡ
ԱЦЦ̫Ҳˣﶬչǲܰɹ͵ġ
̫ȻǾȥҽݵĺԺɹɹ
СӾֿһЩҩûȥץҩ˸պҲˣѦʱ˺Ӹö˳һ˸һС룬
ӸѦ˺ܾãѾճɫ֭ǳճƮźɫӺŨĺ棬СҨ˼£дŹ˵ˮ⡣
ʢӸСһοɲҽﳣõҩ룬һֻûĴİ״С룬С⻬ǻԲģСĻһ滹Ϸ⻨ϵֻС̬䣬رϲ
Ҳ򵥣ȥģƶɵģͼҲֻģѦرϲ˺ܶ룬Դ֮ͺϲЩɰС
;ָһ󣬸ϲѡ
ллѦ硣
Ѧ˵ļ򣬡ȥ԰ɡ
ֿĵҨһں۾ʱһµҸоԼˣ

ڳһ룬˲죬ܵѦߣƤڵѦ磬𣿡
Ѧ飺СܴٸҨһҲ̫ˡ
ѦԼҲһӸԱ߳ţߵǱҽֽʵߣڶԷ£Ű״С沦Ūһ£׵СðͷҨһӣһιߡ
費̫Щְõĺ棬һԾҪüͷ
Ѧ֪ԷϲãһӣҨȫǼҪ֭͸ɫŴճζ嵭ɫ֭Ǻʲˣ費ųζһڡ
Ѧ֮ԼҲҨһСιԼĽ˽
̧̧üԷƳ˼ۣСӻ֮ǰ÷飬ͷһдּİֽгҳ˵Ȼ⼸дһ顣
Ѧ黳У񣬰ҩҩ֮ˣҽҲû࿴ȻûҲĵĺܣͿʼճʼ֡
²ҲѾ
ֻƽľġ
зҷƢ
ѦǼֽƳ˼ۣʱӵֶ˼£С̫̫ˣ֣ѦдҲ˵ãͨü򵥵֣дĻͦƯģд֮ԾĿԼŰֽ鰸ǰһ
Щṹӵ壬дֱӡ
ʵֵ顣
⼸ݣ붼ϲд֡
ѦǺһЦҷϲҲ˽ѦƹĥһС׵ֶˣ׼ϵҨһõĺ棬Цеιȥߡ
裺

ĬȻĳһź棬üͷһĲı飬׽Ķֻһ棬ǱԵ˫ն˵Ĳ
Ѧ͵Ц˼£ʱĶҪˣ˲ʲôûˣȥһҳĴֶû⡣
ȥɣ˿ʱɽҩŹӦúˡ
ʺϺһЩˮˮˣ᲻ˣѦתȥˣСϲɽҩŹ仰˵ϲɽҩŹɽҩѦõҩ︽ҰɽҩϸӲСɽҩָĴϸгԲԲһСΣرܾʱñϵŹǶ֮һСɽҩάԭβɢ
˰˽ǹƤŹ͹ͷ㶼ɢ֭ҲɽҩֻҪһСϸΣǴȻζɽҩͺóԵĲˣŴʮ㣬ױ㻯֭Զٶζ
һһСɽҩꡣ
Ѧ˲ٸԣʣµˮˮҽſ˳ˡ
ҽݵĻʮˮǲڻ£ӣ·ϺһȥǶôůĵ顣
ѦҲ࣬ò˶ʱˡ
ҽ໹һ̯
ҽ￴ȴû˲һ˵ѦѦƹģҪȻذɣ޹زɷԲ涨ҽݿ˲ʵĺܣ
ѦȻҡͷܾġ
ܺⲻЩԻΪƷʳò
Ͳ̫ˡ
羻;ҽԷѦǲϰɽµʳ˼еի˭֪;ּǼիȫûһ˵ı飬Ǿ֣һС˱˸ֿϣɫ̡
ôԺʦһģһ
ȷʵһģһ
Цĵǰի
ⲻСҲһء
Ѧռˣû뵽˾ȻӦҲԣЩիɲǳԵ۾̡
Ҳʮֺ棬˵ѵɽҲء
ɽի
˶ԶҲͱ˶ˡ
ԽԽˡ
֣Ҹп鶹
Ҹˡ
ģԱЦˣСвիʲô
ֵͺñӸġ
ǿԳǡ
Ѧʱ̰˿ɽҩСǰﻹӸ⣬Ȼøǳԣ˻а֡
ֻĳ̵İ˿ɽҩģĶԲ塣
֮ٳԼիʱիҲǿڣֵθһ򼫺ãʱĽ⿪˼뷹Աһٷ󣬾Լⳡֵ
ٶಡ
;ɽҽݵʱ򣬴˲ɽϵҰɽ࣬ǴдСǲģðȻǾš
˿еžСУһҽݺԺҰӰڰӵʱ򣬻ָӵıƤϻһӣѦǰ˵һӣȥǳˡ
Ѧ뿪ʱ̲סعͷȥǱͷӵˣһСѦ̲סԼĶӣ̲ס뵽СͺһŸɻʱģ
һһС·ˣòҲüΪСӿܻᰫնֺЩӤʣСҲֵĴߣò̫Ĺʵó
Ѧ̧ԼٶˣٶĶҪˡ
̲֮ס̾һ
ҪСС᳤Ҫʮˡ


130 Ǯ
Ⱦ;뿪ʱѦͰֽõǳӸǹϣоֵСҩ
˳˻֣תȥˣСԴţڰҲġ
ѦЦŻͷ裺ʲôʱȥݰݣ
Ȼǣһȥ߷š
апվȥ
С֮ѦصԼĹ̨ǰ˱ǮȥˣһյҩǮɲ٣С̿ĵˡ
ûãȴԻŤŤ߽ҽϻһʳеĶ
Ѧ̧ͷЩɻ󣬽ԻԵøⲻԾҽݺҲѦ̧ͷƳ˶ԷӰأôˣ
û£͵㶫Իְʳзڹ̨ϣһ΢ĺ⣬Ͷ˳ҲлѦġ
ȻڻûлϺӣѦϴθҩЧ̫ˣЩ֮󣬲ٳľɰ̶ʼƤҲù⻬ϸ˲١
ټЩĽҲʼӣԽ
һ뵽Իص̲סĺ˺졣
㲻ӡҲͦõġ
ЩӣԻػģƺ࣬׷ʲô£Իĺ˵ֻܺɻ˹ȥ
أôˣװʲôѦգգ۾ѵüǰֵԻŤŤģ
ȿȿȡԻؿ˼ڸǹȥתƻ飬ҴһЩö͸㣬ʱڣʵĺܡ
ѦĿǸʳУ滹˿׵ģչȥŵһζĽҿӣȻԴբзرʵһֻֻɫբззǿرӲÿֻء
ззر㣬ҲǳзĺʱЩҪȥDģһЩ͸㣬ˣӣҲܶԣ򳢳ʰɡ
أлл㡣ѦЦһдբзҲ֪ôˣƺյ˺ܶ
Իҡҡ֣лһҪллأˣˡ
Ѧ黹Իض˵仰ȴԷҲƵˣ棬ôûԷɬģ
ԷЩ쵽׾ʲô
ǿһ档
Ѧ鶢һдբз˼һһʳдբзߵԺСȥϴַʵĹĸз֮󣬱ڹʼբз
ҽغʱҽݵĺԺҲԭҽסһ䷿һ䷿Ѧһֱĳ裬ͶԷżЪЪ˯˯֮ģ⣬䷿һܣϲһЩҽ飬¼װҽ
ԼڻشĲ˺ҩȫ¼㼯ɲᣬһһķطи¼Ҳں˲ο
ѦҪĶصĺܣѦҽǰʧ˻𣬺Щ伮ˣȻЩҪļ¼ֵķʵĲѡ
ǰٵʱ򻹲⣬ڶ㼯ôˣͲܲ⣬۶һ۲ѡ
ҪǱ͵ˣǲСʧ˿ô죿
ЦˣЩ͵ʲô
Ѧ˼īֵأݣԱҽ˵ѣɲôķ
˵Ӧ÷
Ѧ鲻˼ȻǼġ
ѦǸаȫУ󶼽ȥȥˣҲö档
ȻˣûǲҪ󣬲յô㣬˵󣬱϶ȥɡ
裺
Щڰɡ
һ˷ЩĲҪʧ˱͵ˣҲνĿдһܺ޲дڶ
ôڰСҪ̬ȣǼҵǮ˱ĴҽȻҲҪУ˵ԺǵССұ
ǳ˳飬ұó
ҽҩңЩȻұˣСġ
С˭
ӣģһ
裺аɡ
ССˡ
ҾûǷҽ﷽㣬˿ҲǸ֮߸ĶҪҽݺͼﶼһݺˣͰѦСֳһ飬дķҽ㳭ķżղš
Ѧ鵱ʱˣҳĶڼﵱұ
֣Ҫﱲ
С˵˰ɣӦǰҳķҽдڼﱣ
ҡҡͷҲҲҿдĶҪ汣ŲУϾ롭ֳ۰ɣ
Ī˵˵Ѧ飺Ҳԡ
Ǿ˵ˣû¾ͳãۼúñţԺ󰡣ǵСۣСұ̲סӣֹסߵЦ⡣
˳Ҳ֣öﱲ
ЦʲôѦ߷߼ˣҾķǲãǷˣôֿܷأɣҽݺͼطдһ룬һдģһдģһð
ԶԶԡǷ˺֮ԽԽ˰Ҷ硣
Ѧˣһֻ˳ëɹĴèһ˶Σ·ҪƮˣĪеβ͵ǰɣɣҲԴӻССѦСԽԽˡ
迴ģʵ̿
ᵽ˴ұ֮ĶѦ̲סһ£ڵСһ䣬ҲССˡ
赱ʱڵǸкͽǮˡ
Ƶ裬ӽǮúʵĺܣһǸӡ
Ǯʲôģʵϲ
Ѧݺݵһۣٺ˵˵ʱСǺܲȡ֣ﶼ㡣
ˣǮˡ
룡
롣
еŻϣʵڶԺӵ֣Ҳûаͷȡ֣Ҫȡ֣ʵ̫ˡ
˼֣ɲ̫⣬ˡ
ϾŮ˫񻹲֪
һȺŵǳӣһƣƮƮķ˷ƬϣһŴͷһھƣ磬룺͵øС
ϵƣɣؾƲЩƻ϶ɵģɣؾ̫̫̫ζˣ˵Ҿƽȥô˲٣̶ȣĿζ
˭֪źھƣͱ˸סˡ
ѦСܳҿ˿վԺƳݶϵ裬ŶԷе
ֱ壬ֺһھƣɻôˣ
ˣ
ʲôˣ

ˣֺֻһھƣѾ̳ӺǳӶݶϣƮƮ˷ߵѦߡ
ѦЦŴսżЩźķֶԷϲľѾˮ
ԷҲŲ˿


131 з
㵽װҽʲô豧סˣѲ㻹͵ƺȣڻźӣմþˮ
ѦЦ֣ȥС
СԲϷһмհ׸ɾİ״̣ԼһСƺõĽϣŵһɳ´׵滹Ʈż齪˿ϻһƾơ
ǰ£״ü
Ѧ򿪣˵ĴբзǰբзڵĿѾױ˽Ƶɫ󣬱һȦ׵ģɫϿе˵ļѦɵָ⿪ڴբзϵӣֻƲӲӵĴբз˰״̵롣
һֻ˶ĸз
أ˷˶ĺܣԲĶӣõзơ
ӣڶԷѴբзóʱ򣬾һɿƲסӿ˱ﻹ޵ĳ´ζ
ѦɾüֻзǯзȶʣһԲεƿзǣǿ̲סȥɫٻɿ״зƣʿˮСȥззĺзθϵСӣҨһС׳´ף㽽˺鵰һзϡ
ٺɫ󸲸һ´ףζøˣɫзϸ˿ǲ׿Ʒܸоһһζڴϻ
ѦҨһзƣι˱˵ЩĽ˵ó𣿡
ǰÿҲҪԲٴբзģзʵѦ鲻ĸзϲԹзӨӨ͸״з࣬зڸмѣзصζǸ״ںϽµʣзʱѦ鷴մ´ס
ǴբзζѾ㹻ˣĽϵζ޷ʤբзԭ
ûбζӣзԭʼ嵭еζ١
Ի⼸Դբзз⣬ЩзַʣûκζȻҲǽϵˮá
軺ĳзƣϸϸƷζеĸ㣬зƲɫˣζ޷˵ζϸϸľ׽ֻŵĴζƷǹζζѡ
óԡ
˷ʵһֻբзһзһӳԽռݿǻҲ޷þĴʾġ
һϲͶιѦιһں󣬱еĶһԣԼֲˡ
ֻܿű˳ԣʵ̫ĥˡ
ӹԷеĴբзü۴ЦҨһСз⣬ιѦߡ
Ѧüӣܳз
ֻһû£ʰɡе˵ܲܳзҲһŶۣЩܳԣЩǶãѦǰͳзԵûһڶԲá
Ѧ顰Ϊѡĳһں󣬾øӵѹˣֻܳһڵĻ粻ԣԽԽԡ
ζ̫ˡ
ĥҵġѦŶܵоССҲз
СҰɣЩзꡣ
һǳӸģұ֤ܿͳꡣ
Ѧһǳ֮󣬲žﰲο˲٣ŴǳӣҲǳĺóԣ˵ǸҸʱڣɽϻˮζĶԳԡ
ܿͰѼֻĴբзһ̴ǣԼϣ·𻹴һɴբзζѦ֪ϵζסõģæĴչȥסԷһڡ
Բ˴բзѵС˴բзζ
ƹҪӡĻСȻôȥˣ
ѦеûûΣţСȻʵʵĴӡʧٳȥ
㰡治֪ÿǴأǡ
Ĵȡ
ааɣҧ£ҵɴբзˡ
СɲҪԷƱз𡣡
豻ԼĿˮǺһ£̧Ѧһ£ȻѧϷˡ
ѽҲֻʱ磬һڣǸСȡ
׻˵õĲ黵顣
仰䶨˽
һصĲ
ոջûûƤϷ˵Ѧ鿴ŶԷϵӡ˲ձˣԺ¡¡ģľ׸ò÷ϴӡСȥβ
ٲԸ⣬ȴǵ鲻˵ġ
ѦдңģС߳ȥٰ˻ôѦƹģ
ģҲЦһ֪˰ɣ̧ͷ
ѦʶԷϿһۺ󣬱㿴ԷϵĵӡʧˣԷϵĴբзζҲˣ˷·𱻾һøɾ覡
ڶԷͷϰ£Ưı¡
ϴҲܱҽྻ
ȥӡ͸ˣֱ˱ɡ
ҪȻϴӡҲˣǴһբзζȥβǻͲ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵Ѧȥҽݴãһ˴ŵһŨصѪζһŵζòԣѦ鲻ҪȥҽݺԺţѦ˵ͷŵζȷʵеˡ
ҽݵſڵҽݵ棬һ̲ɫѪ
غڸֹѪ
˵İһԵͨ˸Žѣ·ʹ˴Լϣʲôֶȥյģ˶ƫȥȥǱߵĲ״
λ˵Ĳ˻ϵھӣһǸϰĶžǸϰ޹⣬һӺһӣһ˾Ӫẉ̂ӵҲ˳죬ֻ޹һܵԽ⣬ԼӺŮϸҴ磬һְֿݣԼ̫ӹȥˣÿʱ޹̲סҪܼܵһЩǮơ
ÿζ޹ٻһʵ̲סˡ
һ̰ʡԼ׬Ǯͷǵ˶ԷǸóĵܵܣÿιһޣһ£ǮƣЩǮƻȥԺּ죬ûǮһʸҪһӻȳƵģ϶ϲ
ٻּҲɷɵװɵܵܺϱǸóϸƤģһƽղģǮȥóԺúȱٻüˣûǮʱ⴩ѹ
޹һδεĸǮܾܵǼҡ
ٻĻյһ˵ʲôҲϸǮˣ޹ĵܾܵʹԼ֣˵Ǹĵɩɩٻͺһҳϵ޹ⲻҲˣһֻŸǮ£Լ˵ĺٻûðǣϵĶӸȰܣôվĸһߡ
ٻһúˣֱӰѼĲ˵˳ֱ˵˭ҪǴǮͰ˭ָˡ
޹æеĲ˵ԽһûûƤԱۿҵ֣Ҳ´󣬸ڱϹĶ𣺡㿴ϱȻҪõңһǲ׵ܵܡ
һɿı˭
޹⵱ʱҲߥ޵ͷֱӶٻϵĲ˵Ų˵һ֮¾Ҫٻ߿ԵĻһӣ˭֪ʱžֳȥסĸףñ޹ϵĲ˵ˡ
бϣֹǶˡ


132 Ի
߹ʱֱӿɼǵ˿ڣžİ·ܰݶҲˣٻԱĨᣬĸ޹ɵվԱߣܵһ仰˵
޹ĵܵԽ⿴Ѫʹһˣܵʱ򣬻޹˳߼Ǹ⡣
߸ǣһӻȳһ뿪
ٻŶӰģ۾ֺףһ㲵¶˾
ӵ֣Ҫû˰
ԩ
ԸԼɷҲӵûˣٻԼ˼ƣ˭ѵóģ
ѵóʱôͲֱӺԽһͬھ
쳹İԱߵ޹ɵ¡
ٻƫͷȻǶʮķޣǴʱٻȴޱȳ޵׺ݵĵ޹⡣
ҡҲĵġ
ٻţȴͻȻʲô˵ˣǱߵĶӣˢˢˢ£ʱҲҪٺԱ˶˵һϻѾ˾ϡ
Լִףغλãüס˲ϵľ˿ڱӿѪ𽥼ϵԽ棬غȥ֮ǰԼԤļҩˮóһ͸崴ҩž˿ڡ
ҩˮһЩЧҲܼ֮˷Ŀܣžİļˣ˰ס
СϸҩԷ˿ڣóһͷ˿Ҫϸ룬ϣ񲻺õ˼ϻһ͸ɫ˿ߣҩĹͬɵһַߡ
ͨ˼͸ɫǳͣȴʮſʼ𽥻ް޺ۡ
пָһٵ˿趯ЩֿƤͺһºһ
ϵٶȼ죬ʵ֣ٵĴߣԱߵغƴ۾ȴҲʲôá
·ֻǹ˼գۼ䣬ѪģĻѾʧˣ˵˿Ҳʧˣ·ֻƤϱ˼ѪհˣϸһϺõ·
Է֮һ
žĸ˵öԷ⼸춼סҽݵĺԺʱ̽ԷĻָžĨĨᣬͷڿոַʱģٻ̲סڴҶӵ֡
ָܻãǳԺֻֿҲòˡ
ٻŶµʧҵָܻͺáָܻͺá
ϵ޹ʱҲһǿһֺõЦݣٻߵ۶Ӽ󣬻شҽ
ٻĿӶת޹ϣһΣ۾Ѿûаˣڿ޹ʱȫûа·ǿһ·ߵİһ
޹ⱻ񿴵Щ¡
ٻûٸ˵һ仰һǣۿ΢죬СĵĿҽĻõܰѶӰȥҽݺԺķСϿҵ˵лл
żɩӣھӵģ˵ʲôллҵ£϶æ
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ٻ俫˿۽ǣһȥ˺ԺһлҲлҽĻƣȴЩʱ˵
ʲôżɩˡ
ɩӣ
Ŷڴϰȵ˯ȥ֮ٻƽĺһ߳˷⣬Ҫ޹˵顣
Ǽȹȥкģٻ޹˶ʮķޣٻѾˣ޹ȥˡ
ٻعͷƽĸ޹ǺɣǸӸ㣬ȶӲ֮Ҵ뿪
뿪ǻȥ
شȻĸ֮㡭ͺĵܹܵһȥɡ
ٻͶ˶٣ûаһ仰˵ȥǰƱԹŭ˵ܶأɶԷϣҲû˵ıҪοѾǰ˵һİĴڡ
żֵ˿ϸҲٶѴ࣬ƣˣѾ˷ڶԷϡ
ҺˣһǮ飬Ϊʲôֳ
ٻǰѾٸǰ˶˵仰
ҪܼܵҺȥɡ
Ͷûа
ӵ֣ҲѾǻĸ֮顣
дˡٻҲԷɡ
侲侲Ƕ侲侲
žָĲٻļ£޹ˣ޹һֱ߶ڵģٻҡҡͷž˵ʱٻٰǵһ¿һǸꡣ
ǰǸգԭȫ޹ֻһԣ΢һЩ˲ϡ
û޹⣬ٻһҲܰǸ꿪Ǹ⣬Զ
żԭǼǸ꣬ȴ޹ľӪ±ʵЦǣûãǸϰˣҵϵ˱޹ĵܵԽġ
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Ӽ˵ܵ޹ڱܸܵ˳ȥ
˺޼ҿɹ顣
ԽһҲûܰǼǸӾӪãһ˺óĸԣûãҵ̾ͱȥˣһǮƵԽһֿʼ˺һӻӣȰЩǮ֮ȥ磬ȴѾû˴ĵط
֮žֺõĲʱٻʹŶ뿪ٰżֵĸ
һȥۼıҪ£ս䣬ֱߵ磬ҲԽԽХŰ֮ǰѦӼﲽеҽݣ᲻öԷܺϮֻͷůʱ򣬲ŻŶԷԺ߶һ
ѦĶѾʼԻˣҲԲ˲٣ÿ춼Ŷš
·ݴ˵ʱҲ̫ùˣѦжʱͿʼʲô£ʲôԣ۳ʲôûθڣµʮԭԲһ壬ͻȻٱݸ첲ȵģֻʣһ͹Сӣ˵սľÿ춼һ⣬ҹָĦ壬Ѧ˻
ǻˣѦ鲻ˣֿʼһҪһһǸƶżڡ
ʱ䣬˲˫зҲֹµ˳ȥڶܵизģ⣬Ҳв˿ڷϵģֲ˿ɲദһ飬ȻизǾҪϼˡ
Ѧҽ˷Щ˿ȥһٳС
Һ̫ƽʢսϣѰܵĵ˺Ϳ˻Ǻٵġ
ﲻизǻشãǧõһλܹЦǧõ⡣
ѧһ֡
ԼСɳԴףû˵仰غȥӦ
ʮ³ǰϲٴٹ˶˺нлҵĺ֮Уһͼ


133 ж
õһϽеĻ򿪣һӳϸϸĿãҲ֪ôģУֻһͼۡ
ܾһֺеĸо
ٴٹ˶֪ϲΪͶãÿ궼Ϊйصĸʵְϲͼ֮͵Ķת˴ͼĻƿڼ֮
ͼһյ˼ʮлҹϵãֱĻһǺ
˵һλĹӡ
Ӧһû˵ʲôĻߣ˵ͼյʤ
ʱҪеĻ£Ҫ뿪ʱȴ֪ôģְǷˣһ֮£бþޱȣǰȻƷ˶ͼ֮۹Ȼƽܱȵϵģó˻˵ļո߾˵Ǽż⻭ļֵȴֵղأֲлһ͹
͹ۺ󣬱㲻ΪȻİǻ˻ȥ
ҲͲ
˶ԴͶãʵϣҪͲڴˡ
Ҳôȥˣ֮ϣƵƵʧǻ֮ǰǸͼ֪ԼڻǸͼһЩʲô顣
󣬰Ը˰Ƿл͹ͼͽ
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ʮǰйһӣӸճʱֱһɫ̥ǣѹ󣬵һۿ̥ǣ̥ʱҲǰһЦųҲܿ
ԣ;ָо˶ʮˡ
ֻĳӳûãӱ㶪ˡ
ʧȥӡ
ҲЩͼ̫ˣֹʧǸӣ˼ҹΣμüΣԷϵǿɫ̥ǣ𽥳
ǻоӣʮȥˣǲѾһλӣ

뺢ˣһ۵Ӣ£һ磬ƫͷߵˣĵ˵ͷ
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ô궼ûҵҪϣֻŵ걻ʵû˵ѣûбڣϺúõĻţֻҪܺúõĻˡ
ĸҲ˲°Ѱ䡣
еĻһ±ӣѹסе⣬ĸʹˣ
̫̫Сӣȵ۵һĸͬ׵ܵܣֻ̫̫ôӣӼλȻʮֳ谮ӣԵʧӵʹϧѣϥӣ̫̫һĲ
ϴλؾʱ̫̫ǵ˵Լʱ޶࣬ΨһԸ뿴ﰲԼǰҵʧİ
̫̫ѰҰӵͷˡ
ǰ
һ׵ǰ񣬡μ
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Щȥˣ̥ܻЩ仯
ٰʼѩˣһѩһϣëѩƮƮڶﶼװع߸һ˪滨ǽǵ÷Ѿˡ
峿ѩ
һѦûȥҽݣ˼
ѵõһѩҪѩһܲ
ſֲ˼÷֦ͷϾ̺㣬ЩɫĻЩǵĺɫ÷һѩ֦ͷϣ÷ѩѾӳİѩɫ
ѦһС߹վں÷ռ÷ϰѩԱ߿
Ѧһһ㣬ΧǺĺɫ멣ԼЦѾһӷ׵ĴĵɫִӹúģֻʣһСԴ棬ȴԵøСˡ
Ҳһɫĺë멣һ㶬ӣ棬ԭװ£һ멶κѦĸһ¾ãҪǻֻǼ£˺˵۾˺˵ġ
䣬˿䡣
ڶﲻúʵһЩֻһ쬵ĸоͺñѦʮʵڿдµʱ֪Է䣬ȴʶͬܵĶһ¡
Сţڻˡ
ͨ˿ŶҪ¡
Ҫһ멣ܶԵⳡѩ
ѦϵСӣһ۵С۷һæͣڻж۷ۣѦѩԱ߻֫СĻҲ߶ţŹӰɡ
Źӣǵæʲôʱ򣿡Ѧϸе÷֦ռϵѩռѩҲнģ˳ȾҪ÷ѩ
÷ѩΪϳˡ
ҪǻǾһգ۵Ĺ򡣡
ҪԼҷ£
Уæɡ
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ǼҵͥԺҲѩţݶƬϾѩף֦ܵϣʯϣѩԺеĳƺҲסһذѾһ͸ıԽڰߣԽһһǡ
ΨгĲ֣ûɱ¶ıɫĳˮͱһ͸ǵĳγĶԱȡ
Ҳطˮ·Ϸ
ΪıѩضЩʻ鶯
Ѧ÷ѩУ캮ضѩ裬ҲĺˣһԼ٣ŪңԺ･ϡ
һϣԻ̧㿴ѦŲգգ۾
躬ЦվߵߣӹԷĲˮһѩˮ衣
ô
ˮǲʴ
ѦЦСŶյǳһСڡ
趣ٺЩ衣
ѦԼĶӣʵʵźĵ˵ͷ
ʱһѾϰ˲ʱһԼĶӣĶѾ͹ˣԭǸСȫһ
ҵСӦòԭǸѿˣҲ˸ӵģҲǸСӣ
ԼĶ˻㣬䵽ȥ·̽ȥһ㱡ԷĶӣһЩӲĿ״⡣
§סԷ˿ĸһЩȥԷСƤѦһֻ̯ƤСèһߺ
һһ㣬Էֻ·
ССᡣ
յýЩ˵ͷһѦ龾˾Է˳ĳЦеĿЦǲǸоҶﴧ˸ͷ
̿ǰÿѰˡ
Ѧ̾һбϣ̧˫ڴҪȺü²ж


134 ׯ
ٽأҼһԤŹ꣬˼ѩд˴Ѧһ˴¹˻ĴԺǺɫĵͲʳլԺ˲ڵϲ졣
ХҲԽԽˣѦ䣬Ӵ֮䣬ײȥҪҲҪȻһڱŸӣü˿̿ΧΧůůġ
ĺҲˣڼû¸ɣǰ幤ԼһδĺСѡ
ȻֵׯδĺҲ⼸СѣԼΪĶײһ
ѦµһߺͲϣڻ¯߸ЩϾҲʼڵԻǱΪ飬úѧ߻һ򵥵СѶ
ѦСѣֻܼһһľСβһϾȻˣߵҲһһС߹ĵط塭
ССᴩ·
ƻᱻ˵Ǻĵĵ
ҲֻҲҪ㶫Ѧ鲻ǸʧܾͻˣϾѧôҽûֻʧһΣˡ
Ѧ򵥵ԧͼͷĿʼ֮󣬱ϵ벻ĻĶϿѾһǼߣԧҲ̫Ծôƺࡣ
ϵֿʼˣѦеĶ̲ס̾һҲ̫ˣ
ѦʱԵׯǣȻַƳôྫƷԼ׻һһͼۼֵµ
Ѽһ
˵Ӳĸ󣬹ӼƶǼССӦҲĳ·ɣ
ѦְϵѼӶ£ü·һ䣬óһ£һֻ૵ҪһСǶ
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ַ˷ԷϵЩͼмרŽ巽ͼᣬֵׯѦĿȾռ˲ͼᣬ⼸ϣ¾ͷˡ
Ѽ鷭ֶ֮ϣ۵ͦ򵥵ġ
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ҡҡͷ廨ǵһߡ
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һźһȥͿҶѦͶΧһСǰŪ߲ϣϻһѷ·ҪǮƵ·
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׵·ǿǡֻǿׯġ
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˼ۿ
һʱ֮䶼ЩԼ⣬л㱣ǳʲô鵤ҩˡ
ô˵˻Ӻǣͱ֣û˵˭֮շǣ


135 ƻ
Ѧһ鲼ƫͷ˵ʲô
⡭ЩģηѵǼĵƷǿһ
裺
Ѧգգ۾ֱԵأ
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Ѧ飺ԩǺġ
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Ŀ֣һֲģϹʲô
㰡ɶɶУΨһõĵطž۹ãԼ˸÷
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Ѧ黥࿴һۺһ¾Сδĺӡ
Ժúƻɡ
Զԣ˵û
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˵ҶﻳǸˣĹȣ·׿˼ҵԼҺ


136 
㵨̫Сˣǲ֪ö˹ǰӣˡǮ׿һԾɾĳȣӣݣЩ߲ʵĴٹˣҪͷ
Ǯ׿Լ·һ졣
һӣȻˡ
žүͷϵĴڱİҲ֪ɻûУĸԺǮ׿ˡ
˰ӺȨ鱦ǿɶӦоС
ǽϵʵۣǳ˰ӣǼҾڽϺˣŵʱ˭߿һ۰Ժ̳λۼҾ͵ˡ
ǮүɫԥȻӺͶӻ˵ãҲĶһˣǿҪԴġ
ֻҪ̽û˷ֵˡǮ׿ǸӴģ¥ƹݹöˣ챻輧˴ţ˵һ£Ǯ׿ûиɴµı¡
ð
Ȼ̥ǲϣƫƫϣǰӵ̥ǳһģһ
˵ҪǸİġ
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˷ͳŽһһĴȣ˷ܣۼҳһӾͰүҵˣȻؾ̫̫һ͡
е⣬˲°ˣԺ϶̫̫ǰĴˡ
үһġ
Ǯ׿ͳǰܰİһ·ϳ飬ԽԽԵݻС
Ǯ׿ˡ
·ϣһλϹӭЩأǮ׿ȻͣʵʵĽˡ
ܿ㵽˰
үˣŮţæܽͨ
ߵӳ˭ҽүģ˻ĺӡ
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һʱǮ׿ľͿʼˣȻʱͰǮ׿ĻŵĲ֪ôӦԣҪȥ󺰡ﺢǡ
ҪĬĬ˵Լί
Ǯ׿˼ӦԷʱ
ȼ˰
Ǯ׿һǰ֮󣬶ʱ˲٣ι仨ԵˣΪŮø㶨һ壬˵ֺŮ˵Ļָǰ̾ͰʧɢѾõӣʹ޲ѡ
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λүˣƿ̥ǡ
Ǯ׿æ̿Լ䣬ϵ̥Ǳ¶˵ҰУ۾ϵĺɫ̥һɨŲһ¡
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Ҳܼˡ
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Ǯ׿к²ѣⰲϿȴǸ򵥵ģҪеҪѰٱҲǣð輸ʮ꣬ƹԺûֳκӵŮˣôǸƭĻƿ
һԴǻϸүĳ࣬ôܲǰĺӣ۾ͣȻʶм񡣡
ⳤ̥ǻ䣬֤ȷʵǰʧӣȻˣүǰһվпǾԾӰ

ͷүϾҪˣȥԡһѣź㸸
Ǯ׿˵ԼԡһѲİ뵽ҲǰŲżƯŮȥˡ
ȥԡ֮Ǯ׿ϾûԹˣһźŵĶǴ˰
ͤŸ㣬һһĸߵҡҡͷ
һЦĿͷٵĻ𷽲żǮ׿ϸڣĸַӦ
ɫĿűյ͸Ĳˮ˼˭ֱʣҴˣǿļӡ
ɺϻΪ
һӵֵ¾֪ʱҪֳӵ飬ɲЦһ
̫̫ЩѾʼˣȥ껹˼澸ʾү֦ɢҶ
Ǹ˼صģ¹׶ӵ飬Ҳݲ룬ǿ˶ʮĺӡ
һǮ׿;öԷԲĺӣʵҲȷʵˡ
ѶԷϳԼӣǸǮ׿һǸɫͿյģ֮˹Ū˽ֵǼլɨء
ʹΪκӣԺĿĺӴߥޣǷ޶ģүʧŮȾӣӱС
ҹͰС𻰡
ģġ
үǲǡӡȥһٰȴٰǾҲٰˡ˴죬ԼЦˣںԺ÷ƵĺܣҲҵӿ
ǣȷҪҵԼʧɢѾõӣҲǸɵӡ
ʲôèðӣ
һȥٰеټŪףһǾȫҲΧ˿ðǸʲô³


137 ʮ
ٰǵǮЩӺò⣬ԴӼ˸֮ǮүǮҲˮǴߣ˰ӵĸ˲ãӵĸʮ֮ü٣ԺӼ̳˰λãǮҿһˡ
˶ζĹһŷ⼸Ǯҵż㱻̤ƽˣĽ鱦ŶˮһǮҡ
ٹԱǮңǮүǮ˵ͷϣԺܵõӵĴࡣ
ǮүǮ˵Ĵ綼ˣҵѾߣҲ˲øһȣǮҲׯ͸ö˵ˣׯĻˣ˶ҪմմǮҵϲ
ǿүǰļҡ
ЩСԺү˯Ĺ͸˷ˣڴүܹصٰǽӳȥһС檣˵Ժܻʲôġ
ǮһµĴڣǮүǮҪʲôֻ˵һ仰˾Ͱʥּ졣
Щʱյⲻ̫ΪǮҲ̫ԸׯģǮҿׯ֮ǰйȻǸѸúÿǮүǮ׿ĶӣҲǸرɫģƣƽѵΣټǮҲ֣ƽǵһȣըˣ͸Ǯҽӡ
ٰ˶֪飬˼ӹúˣΪ˲ǮңǵõǮҵİʾƲⶼˡ
֮ǰļ󶼸˵ԤõĻﲻҪˡ
ҲͰˣƿÿ˼ҵţҲǲȥе˶ȥǮҵĳţɺٲǰ׬ǮҲӻƱͲǸϲݳ޵ˣͰЩ飬Ҷ˿ȥˣǾԼ¡
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ţɱ˵ˡ
˼ϵ̥ǿü١

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μҵ˻ﻰ˼˵ǮңׯĶμҲҪˡ
˲ƸЦˡ
ǰĶѾڸ˵Ҫˣ
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ǳ֣֮ĻվտͱȣƷϵķɺ׸л꣬Լ豾˵һ㲻ͬףֵµɺȻʮ㡣
ﶼ򲻵ļ
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֮ǰȷʵЩ᲻ðƷȥҪԼղأƷ˻֮ǾͲһˣˤӡ
ׯ˰Ʒڵ۵λãֻҪ˳۾֪ƷжôҲ˿μҵ˵жϹ
ƷʼۣǾ˵ɡԭȼ۸ʮƷ۸񲻷ƣ֮ǰμҼ۸Ͳͣڱԭ۵ʮԸ򣬹Ҳ᲻ûǮ
ô֮󣬺⡣
ԼƷֵ۸񣬰ϴºԼؼղء
ŮٰǵĽͷι䣬ϻмׯĻڸţѾкЩͷûٰˣǵķʱ泩˲١
ǰҵҲĺӣҲĳƽõš
Цݵɨ·ߵ̯̣ΨʧɢһصʱŻǵЦ⡣
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үȥˡ
ЦһҾ֪Ǹ¨ӡҪȥ˼ȡ衣
˼ʹˣʲô̶£үݣҲֲô
Ļǵ䣬Ļرҡ
á
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үϲȾƣǸԣƫƫһ㣬ҲµĲզأܻԵ֣ż־壬ЩҲ߻ֶεģǲۼðԼ͹ȡ
ʱүҲá
ֻҲڱϿšүжôҡ
ҲգǾڳɡ
ǡ
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á
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Ļ䣬̲סҲ̾һүˣ
ˣΪ棿
ϵͷܵرҡ
ܱڻң
ϣңܣԶ
ʵûסЦԣżʵͬ飺Ҳ֪
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Ǽ˸ĸ֮󣬾͸ǻһӡ
úúáǮүЦúϲ£죬Щӿҵµľӱ֮Ǯҵ̷˷츲صı仯ǰЩˣڻǸǰСͷЩǿ׳ĹԱҲС
ӿδλ̳ߡ
Ѵ֮͵õ˰ļҵ
ôĺ£аƳŵĵ
ƣھǼҵСѾߣҲһ˵õȮ졣
Ҵ˼ǽúøѧأһȥĸ
ǡ
İɣڣۼҵĺӻء
Ǯ׿֮Ǯһ˺ܾõıڣžֵһֵģ¥ˮϯϵ̧ңԱߵļƼ޲۲ѡ
ϰ壬һλ˵ǼƷȥ
ĲˮӲ˲죬һʱ֮䲻ļƷ
ͷǼ˫尡μһġ
ƺĲˮЩҪȳȿȿȿȡŶãôԸأɻλ˵˼۸𣿡
˵ˡ
ʮ
ǷûۣȻǸǮġ
ƣ
ϸǮģ
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138 ׯ
ƸһȥǸ˵ҪƷĹˡ
Ƶ۾λ˵ͣۺ󣬱֪Էʮļ۸ڶԷ˵Ǿţһë
λϰ壬ҪƷѲʲôѴ˵һͿ˫壬ܾƷԵ
ɺףϲ
ƷͼܾúϤ
¶ΪѵɫȷЩΪѣƷұġ
ߵŮαذڵ
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ҼҺģΪȻ᲻ãڵ
ֲáͷСȥµƷɺףһۣ⺢ӿТİ
ƿԷ񣬺Ȼһʵˣҵĺӣ
ҼҵĺӡҵӣСʱˡ
ͷһᣬλˣƷɡ
ЦˣˣǱллϰ
ԥƷЩ¡ɱźá
ưԼҺǮҡμҵ˵˳ȥ
ҸҪƷˡЦһ˿ҲԷ˵ԼƷ̧ʮҲµԷеǮңϰ壬Ұ⣬İɣǮұQ˼ˡ
һ⻰˲ǰλ˵ĺøиˣҲûնԷʮļ۸񣬶ǰμҵԭۣƷǰλˡ
Ц˰Ʒ̧Ժ
ưλͳȥ֮һƷһ߻ԼոǲЩʲô飬ʲôأλˣܾöԷиϤĵطˣ۾ƺøЩ񡭡Ǹɫ·ʱ
۾ʵͦرģƯ־Ķ֮С
ҲԵְɡ
ƷҲʡ
ĵһȥ֮󣬵ڶ죬ٰ﷢һ䶯ȫǵ顣
ͲַǷǮң챻һӹٲˣ֮ǰҫǮүǮˣҵġүǮ׿ȫ޳Уһѩ׵żٲѺν֡
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ԱѺĹٲЦһѾе״ˡ
ΪӣҪ϶˫װ
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һٰǲãе鶼ˣҵ˲֤֤Ǯ׿ĽȻˣɽż޳ȥŮأǮ׿ڰ·ϻźɫ̥ǣ˼Ҽǵ
ǮҵˣҲ֪ء
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Ǯ׿ˡ

ǰڼĵһ𣬾֪Լĺӡ
Ǯ׿ԼЩ飬ͬ˱һ
㣬㣬Ҫūߡ
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İ˰֣ϳȥ
ǸЩûƵˮһЩߵģۼϰ澾ת˼ҪӵĴֻǿϧˣ˴ЩǸϳȥ
ڵ壬ԭǰߵŮϴɶԷȴ˼һڴŰߣΪ̳裬踹ӡ
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ۼϰĴȥźȰ˶Է䣬ִҪȥȻͷβˡ
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СһŮˡ
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ȵȡϵȥٰشһĴ
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ӣͷֿ˼ԺӳһͼѾȥлҴˣ߾ȻٰһҽݵĴᣬ֮꣬ҽ˫
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֮ǰ˵ҪٰҲû㡣
شѦ鱧ԼСôһҩ֮ߵߣ̧ԷգһԷ
Ѧһ𵹳һ룬һ뻹衣
СǸ˽Ǯ
һڻؾҪ
Ѧ飺ѵԺһǺ«һǺ«Ǯû𣿡
Ͳõˣҿ϶ܸ򡣡
Ѧбб۾Ȼǲ˽Ǯ
˱۾˵ˡ
ǰͱڿǮ㲻õģ˵ģʱ䲻ȥ¸һСԣ˵ܰҵ˽Ǯڳ
Ѧ۾һ𣿡
Цġ
ʱشͻȻȥԺѦЩɻҪӦûø͸СĴȣͲҲûкӣʮֲοô
׻˵ë²Ρ
ԽͷףӻףԽӽĿҽϴ
СҪȥҪҪʺȥԵøӳׯһЩѦգԺﳩ
ϾǽҲǸĴڡ
裺
ɲء
ѦԼĶӣĶԲģʺر̾һǿϧҲһˡ
ͷСԽ˽ѦţСϡﹾѦߣѦЦͷϵ˼¡
Ȼԡ
СԽнˣȥѦƹδɵĴҵɣ˵һܰСԲ߷ɹΪá
Сص˽Ǯڳˡ
Ѧգգ۾ƤСģһġ
ͷһ˰ٰǵıԺ


139 ޲
һ֧ĵָʱȴȻĸоһĻţܸоҪʲô鷢ˡ
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ҳȥʣôû
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ײǸģȻүֻȴҪȺүҪӿ֡
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СŰʲôģû˱Ϥ
عĳһԼֽţŽ·˦һһķ⣬æǰţػһ֮ǰϵǰ
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߽ڵʱȫʱӲסˣеѪҺ̳ɱʧһϣһ˫һֱĿǰλˣǰİˣһӶ
йƳһۣͣǰĲյϣ۾бᣬ˷һ֮ȫӵ˶ϣѾϰ˷۹ߣܹһϣ˵߶赲⡣
ֻǡǵİ۾һֱϣ춼û˿Ӧ

˳Ľл󣬰ηѣղƯƶˣ˿תαҪѹˡ
ǰֱվǰ۾ǰδеͣСŵֺãҴ˵°ǰţǡٰǻشõɣ죬Ъһһ·ۻ˰ɣؽȥѲ͹˹
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ЩŤ
СǲʣǸһμİˣȴǰĻƿƵģǰʦʦһ书ָߣҽֺã츳ڣŻˣôҲű˵ĹЩȴҪչ˱űš
̧䣬ϤС
ǰҲǵã֪Ӧֻƣ˾ͬһˡ
ƺ治ż˼ҳѯ򣬽ˣ
ʮġ
һ̣˲٣һ˫۾ҲɵûԲȷϵʮǰ
ǡ㷨ȷʵˡ
ŬƽȺòײԼ죺ҡֱܿ𣿡
ȫһ£۾һ˿˼ţȻĨֻݼţܿüĿ̧ԼۣŰ棬Լ䡣
۾գҲգעӵֱۣͨͨҪɤۡ
ѿ̵ϱۣ¶һƬƤ
ĵ䵽ȵףѿڶôܣ
ĬĬԣ˼ҡ
֮û˵һֱֵĻ̻󲻰ҩûסеĶһ䣺պౣ塣һ˳죬޲ǡ
Ǽһᣬ۾Ŀ
Ҫ뿪ȴס˰һǰ򿪣һͼ
ףȷʵС
͵Цˣ۾ˮĿϲĻЩż˲ϡİĵȼջõʱܷΪһ
Ӧˣػ뿪뿪һ·⣬ֱﵲǰͷ£ĿŶԷԶߵıӰ
ڿ֮ڻָƺϣһѸԼߵĻͳ˹飡һ֮ڣҪ֪λб
ǡ
ص˷һ֧ĵ׵Ļ꣬۾ȴԽļᶨ
ĻԼÿһĻԼԼҪ鿴ԷֱʱԷһ˲ֵķӦ
Щֱһģһ̥ǣȴһ۾֪Էĺӣ˵ֱ۹һƬûκ̥ǣȴ϶ΪԷһĺӡ
ԣһĶӣ໳̥ʮµĺӡ
һ
ôǲǳԹܶࣿԸԸ
óҩˡ
ؽҩ˹ҩ迪ģȥҩŮ˹
ҩĬĬ˼Ƭ̣㵹ƿȥĶ̱ŻˣȰҪʲô
ⲡϾõ㡣˸вȽϺá

үҩǧܹӡ
㡭Ҳ֪ˣ
Цˣү񣬸ү񣬸үҲūҿǳģôֲܷˣ

һʱ֮䣬Ź֣֪òͬĻ
񣬸ү񣬸ܵܳ񡭡ݣ˳񣬵һʲôµĳࣿ
İǸ񡣡
⺢ӣõĵط
ʵ̫ÿˡ
СŮСҲ˹ɫȻûи糤úÿ
߳Ժһ˶ڽֿڣֵĳˮĦ࣬һ仰Ҳû˵Ĵ˴硣
ɾò˼顣
ȥΪԼԽ
ȴû뵽ԭһʼˡ
ֲڴƵʱҲĸ
ھƹƣһ֮ϵľص˻شãѦ黹ڹ̨ɶС棬СѾһֻӥˣԵ̫ţڳԲȥˣֻѦĶĹȥʳ
ߵѦߣ쿪СԣѦ鱧ͷڶԷĲĲ˼¡
ѦЦŻرסСôˣ
ô󣬾ͷ·Ƶġ
һر𲻿˼顣
˼飿ʲôѦʲô
ƺԼĸס
Ѧ龪ȼˣ


140 
Ҫ𣿡
轫ͷļϣãȻҲ֪
ûԼⱲӵĸ
СóβȴĲ̫ᴦϵ飬Ǻصģ鼮ϴû̹Щݡ
ʮǰⱲӸճʱڴһĸĸֻڡ
깫صԺʱײԼǸһС
Ĺ壬ʱȴ̲סԴˣԻĴףö˶˵һԷӶȫڻϣҲ̫ˣ㲻ƫƫҪȥһƻ
ҾͰóȥˡ
һӣң
ЦеһǷģ࿴Ҽۣ˵ֺҵĻ͸ѻš
һȴ׻ûסЦڰһ£˷ܵүҪһϢ
ʲôϢ
ҵˣ
סˣǲ²⻰˵õǼ٣òǱӸɵ˰ɣ
˳ǣʱǿԭǰʶ˿ʮױƵİϵĻݵǰү㿴Ƕӻġ

ҾûǵøҸ򿴿
үģѾ˴˵ǸǶӡ
ڿʼĻˡ
ӽҲ֪ʲô̼˼ӳɼһ˵Ƕӻģһ˵ҲǶӡʲôҶӣôźá
ѣô˵ҿ˿䵽һϣˣô˵ǰƷҲ۶ġ

ˣû˵
ɵˣԼҵӵĿС
ҵˣ鲻٣ڿʼˣּĴչȥǶأ㲻˵ҵǣôûڸţ
ǵĶӰٰǵһҽǼҽлشã챾ʹȥ
شãΪ졭üͷ˼һ£ˣϣǰ˵شиܵ裬ʤϣһȥأû뵽ǶҲҽ𣿡
ҽݿǲԻ
ҲǸ˲õĵط
Ļһ˲Լˣղ˵Ļ˵һ飿
˵иܵĴ
˵һ顣
衭ʲô𣿡
ǳ˳飬Ҫ˵۶𣿡

ǰ˶ʮ궼ҲôǶӡ
ѦͦŶվǽмɵ˼£ڳһʱ̧Ĭ˳ת˼Ȧת֮ǰóСֽԼ˳ûиڰѵʯ֮Ѧһ
⡭
ֻǿʼѡ
ѦСĽܵϵƣǴһ񣬰СһݰֽͼỺƴԿףԿ״ܵʱѦ鿴ǰĴᡣ
ŶԱЪһҳɫСԿװӴ򿪣ԽķһѾϸ
Ѧ飺
ǸҪ֡
ʵ̫ˣ̫ˣһѣ˴ʱŴһѦ岻ۣ;ۣЩӵ֪ҪôǸƴ
ͼ˳øѵҪ
С͵ĻԽᣬ۶Ҫˡ
ȥ͵˭ңҲ͵ҡ
ѦĿԼ˱鱦ƽľ䲻ҡ
Сľһĳ
ѦָĦǰѱԢĳϣСĸĸӦǺںġ
СӱŤܶϲƺ«Ƶɱ˲²²£˿϶ȥס
ǡ
ѦԼǰѳϣ֮һó
ѳԼĲϣĿһǽ壬찡Ҫ𿪡
Сҵʱ򣬾ûпǵҷɵĸ
˶һĿҲ˶һ˼άݣЩʵ̫ͷˡ
ڶ졣
Լүš
ֱؽ˻شöһ̵̣Ķ¥й۲졣
ʵĸԼ˵߱裬ûûζһڲ裬бյתһοԭׯƯİͬһֻǽǵ֩Ƶİڴϣ۰Ͱ͵Ǽҽݵơ
þǵĹʱģ
ȻʱҲòȥ
ԼǸˣһ㣬ϲŭɫ
װƵ˵˻û⿴ʲôãźȱ衣
ʲôÿģ
˵֪˶ʮ׶ӾǼҽǴʱӦֱ׳̤ҽ϶ӣİ˱ڻ˵Ҵ־ǣսҲķȴڶӵϱȽˣеƽӵĸо
ԶԶĿӼۣܵ
㶼ʮˣȻʱû壬ѾûʸУñưɡ
ҿɲܴ۶ӳ
˵ȻҪȥһ˼Ҹ
һ˵Żȴûлͷ۾գҲգĶǸطǱߵİֶ˲豭ŬԼȽŸסԼ˫ȱ֩ȡ
ͻȻƵһӰ֣۾˲ˡ
ӳˣ
Ļδ䣬ವһ´ڵ˴̨ߣԴһĿ׷Ǹ˵Ӱ
ĸĸ
۵Ǹ㶼ϲô𣿡
ҵȻϵóҪ۰ȷһ
ôһ»᲻̫ˣ

ҽ߳ҪȥɼһλжĲиһ߳޷ӵĿһֱͣϡ
װĵתͷ۾ӽֱ߸ҵɨƳͷ󣬽Ų΢΢һ١
·ûвƵļǰߣֻǰߵĲӣ֮ǰҪϼġ
һֱòꡣ
ȵԷӰˣֻ֩ƵĴͰһصߣ˿ڲ衣
̲סһѾӣϸϸžеԼκ˵ȻϳÿʣǡôĶ𣿡
ո߾Ӯϡ
ȴǸ¨ӡ
ĪǾǴ˵еĴ
ͱµˣΪ˵һ뵽˱
ᶨҡҡͷΪŮ˵۹⣬
Ͱ͡ӳ˭˰죬Ҳûֳ£ٸ˷ʱ䣬㻽ŮԼױһ顣
⴩һ޹ɫѣͷҲûдΣֻһľϵȫȡ˱һȰƽ׽˵Ĺˡ
ˣҪȥϱˣű


141 ʹ
̧ͷһۻش֣һ̤˽ȥ
˼·һӭķ磬дҩ㣬ҩζ·ܰƵģһŽŵĲɵ÷
ҽĲ˲࣬㿴ڹ̨ߵһλòѵ꣬һɫѣ˸ɫС̣м˱ֱߡ
һɣʱĶһֻɫӥ
ǰӥ׳һһ㣬ӥ๺һֻľսٿԷ͹Ķӣɵǡ
Ѧƹɣ
ѦҵСүѦ飬Ҳķɡ˵ĵ飬дȥٰһѦҽеһô򣬺ڰ³ɻ飬Ѧ񻹻˺ӡ
ԷĺӣҲӡ
ڿһʱ򣬰Ͱ㶼Ҫˡ
Ǻòײҵӣû뵽ҵӣӶˡ
ѾʮʮİȷӣȻûǿɫ̥ǣǾ˵֪ҽ̥ܰǣ⼸иСУԭϲɫ̥ǣǱκõġ
軹˵Լ;񡭡
˶Ӥ϶кɫ̥ǡ
ʱһʱ򣬲ɵᣬ˭뵽һֱƾ̥ˣȴû뵽̫ˣֱӰԼ̥Ǹȥˡǵƾ̥һˣǿɲһӶҲţ
Լƾֱٰ
Ѧ̧ͷǰĸˣһ㶣λˡ
Ѧƹܸ㵥𣿡
Ѧ۾ڰͣ˺ܳһʱ䣬ֲС˵Լĸԭǰλ˵۾ĺԼ򳤵ú
Ѧһ˲֪ǰŮ˵ݡ
Сĸףǲζġš
ѦʱЩʧˣ˵Ȼԣɡ
ѦվŰһĴСߣСԾҵҵȱߣһֻӥ
С˺üۡ
Ѧ״͵Ҽҷӥ
ǡ𣿡
ڰ۾ֻ˲һֻСè
ѦԷº󣬱ȥֵ裬õϵȵĺò裬İѲݺԺ˫ֵݵ˰ǰ
⣬˶ԷеĲ裬Ժ󣬻Ʒζˮζ͸һѦɨ
ϵϡٵĲҶдһλͨĿˡ
Է϶֪Щʲô
Ѳɣ
ȻڴģȴԾʮָˣϾǶϱĲ衣
ѦƹҷĲӺ棬ǲһ룿
Ѧ˵ͷԡ
ǿʵ㳤ͷƽͷɢں棬Ϳһ룬ѦϲסĲָ΢һ㣬ǿŲͷĺ룬΢Щ
˱۾һȷˣܸҽ𣿡
Ѧڰ£˵ͷҲ˵Լ˽⵽ԷһӤСʦֺʦɽϼȥɽӳ󣬵ʮ¡
˵֮ѦԼϵǰѳץڶ˵ǰ̯ģ¶ǰѽӲӵľСʣˣϵ𣿡
ѳʱ۾ˮ˩סˣʵҵġ
ѦԷ֮ǻţȴʱȻ˶һɫӰֱ˽ƹģڸأ
С򡣡һѦһվӭȥСôˣ
ȫӲһʱ֮䲻̧ͷſڿȥ
ȥǼҲ˼˼£⼸ղڼң˵ѾãҾͻˡ
оôû㣿Цűס˹Сȣüһڡ
Сһ裬Ľһ󣬵ɽˣСԵٶȺܿ죬ĴķɳҽݣҲ֪ҪȥҰŷɡ
ӹԵúܣǸСѦԼĶӣǼССʱ򣬷ǳöʱ϶ӵʱСһȻӦһС¡
֪ˣһʾӭ
СһˡѦߣϵ˰ǰ
ʵۣϤס


§Ѧ֫ʶ衣
һʹ˳ŶԷĻЭáã裬ṫӣС裬
ƳԷϵỨЩ£Լղ˵Ǿ仰һݹȥ㡭ɡ
촽˶ӹԷݹ˿ᣬ鲻ԸĽг֣򡣡
Ѧ£ԼҲһԣóһϣðִȥһϲķϡ
ĲδӦڼǡ
ѦԱСǻһĪĹ¹̬ȣǹβģ˼϶ӵġ
ڼⲡԶòˡ
ĪҪԣⲡ£ֻƽ˼࣬Ҹӿһá
㡪żͱԷȥˣչֲģðȻҪҽô͵κñĲ
ףҽβҽ֣߱Ȼ
ⲡʵܺΣ㿪ڽһĸҩ仰˵֮󣬺ԱߵѦһ𣬰߶תƵϡ
裺
ȥ㰾ҩɡ費ȥ˵飬ת˳ȥޱһߵҩǰ룬ٵץҩ
ʵﻹûҪҪס
ȻԸ⿴ѹһʱ֮ͻȻһûŮĸף׽ԣҲ̫ܡ
˵Ҳ֪ôĸദ
մӽֱ߻ʱʹӵŴ壬һԼʧɢĸĸϣǻʲôķӦ
ŴйУشҪҺŮʧɢʮȻǱһʹ顭ŮҺ㣡
裺
һʹ飿
ҡҡͷȥǱҰš
Ұ̾һидҵĶӺˣҪټӦûڻʹ޲ѡ
裺
ԼǰѡĶ󲻾дԣһ·֮ͬǰǸ⡣
˭֪ǸǸĸ˫ģһڼĸףһҪĸǰͷʹ飬˵һТ
裺
Щ˵Ĵ𰸺ƺ˵Ҫһʹ顣
޷ԼŰʹĻ档
˻ʼҩ
ſҩ㣬Լºѿ޳
ˣЩżҪȥѦǰסС򵥶һʵЩƤ
ڸϣرˮȡرܲԣſ﹡ߵСһ˴һ£ǰһ¡
ʱҲЩ㶣ʶǡ⺢أ
ѦָָԼָƤ
Ѧ龾һԼãȻҲƤͦġ
Ƚһĸ



142 
Ѧ˲佩ӲסˣסԼգ˼ЩŵĿǰİͶ˶ſڣȴԷ
ЦˣǸСӡ
ߵѦߣĵķͶкӣҪСŵ㡣
Ѧɵĵ˵ͷ
ͷһ˲ҶϱϲˣôɵһС˫ɵɵ˵ԼƤ񣬹ֲϲ
Ӷˣ
ˡ
Ǹ̲ס૵˵֣ĴģŮҲģСӣҲġ
꣬ǼҶкӵ
ȻСܿɰϣһҪʮꡣ
ţСһǸССᡣ
СС᣿ֵʱһ£ͦɰģȡ𣿡
ѦҡҡͷûС֮ǰʹ˵
һʱԷĻشѦҭһ£¶һΪһѾı顣
ǸóԹɫģ״˵ʲô
Ҫ˽˽ӡ
Ѧǳ˳飬ظԷĻС˵ҪǸкͽǮˡ
ЩԼĿˮǺҲų˳ǣʵǺݶϱ˵ǸƤ³ɹӾȻȡ֡
𣿡
ӦֻǿЦ
ǻãʵġ
Ѧ⻰ĬȻˡ
ҲĬһĬĬԵţûٿ˵Ѧ鿴ǰİʾ֭Ҫ˵ʲôȴҲ֪˵Щʲô
ҺѦʱſھˡ
ȥ氾ҩҩˡ
ҩߵǰеҩ˰ǰѦ״˼۽װѩ׵ҩԱ߷š
Դ߽ź󣬰˫۾һֱͣϣǼϵҩȴ˿
ֻÿڵĸףҩɡ
۾ղŽʲôˣ
ҵĸףǼȶʵϲϾܷ񶨵ġ
巢֮ĸϣҪл
οҲ˵ΪԼĶ˶ʮꡭ
ôΪӣҲӦúú÷رλĸףܲܿ޳ɡ
鼤վǰСɵĳ۾ˮ⣬еĳǰ˵Ĳϣָġ֣ʵʮǰҾָڲϵġ
㡭ٽһ𣿡
费˴ǰŮ˱ڻһĸ
׿ƲסԼˣʧʹ豧ⱲӵĸףΪԼһһ޶ԣʵġ
ڱ۾ʱĸоʲô̵Ķȥˡ
һԵѦ鿴һĻӣ¶СС
ѦһŰ˵˺ܾõĻһ˲󣬲ڰѶԷȶ۾ˣȥҩְס
ӣҪҪٸѰоԼĲѾˡ
裺
ףɽȥ˿ڵӦú͸ղһ
˵˵Сʱòã˵һЩĲͺõĸ졭
ЦźͶӶϱ˵ʱѾȫһԺ
Ѿڵ̶¥˲֪ٱ裬͸ʯƵſڴߣϿشǸѾ˲֪ٴεҶ
ԥˡ
ôûл
ҪҪȥҽת˺üȦתתȥػزⲽ
̧Ҫ¥ȴ뿪ǰľ棬ܸһŵϱô죿
ô𣿡Լ

ٵȰʱҪȥץˡ
ϰ壬㣬Ҫߡ
ϰ壬ƹһΰɡ
ϰ塭
ҵУüŮƵǰǿͷǿ˵ԼһСҪչˣư¡
ֳһ׮ǮҵңƼҵ̵ⶼǮµѾߺͻȫһ죬Щ˱סˣ׷ǡ
Ƶĵ̵գǣҪȥǮҸɻ
ȻĺҲЩ˷ˡ
Ǯҵ̨֮ЩɶҵĺôˣƤߣҪ»صɻǸŮˣҪһЩ̰ҲƣӲĹˣǮ㣬ҲۣҸɻǸò¡
ȥҸɻۣһǮƣЩ˿ɲͺˡ
ȴҪˡ
Ǵȥɡ
ƻ˻֣úι˰Ǵȥһڣù´һЩǮԺȥ¡
Щ֮ƿӵĺãΪǮҶĲˣ׷׸͹ĵǸ񣬶ǺƤμҾȻ˼׷ǼƷƸ˻ȥ
˵ƷѾʮ۸ˡ
ˬޱȸлͰֱĴǣү۽𾦣ûбǮҸ˹ȥ
Ҫȥ㣬үҵӡ
Ĵ֮󣬺СߣҲѲӣ̧˽ȥشãҪȥӶСȥ
̧Žӽ̧˻شã˽Σ˦߽˻شá
һҽݣȴûпѦӰҲڣ˿غ㡣
ƹĺأ
ͷСпڡ
пڣ
ʲôˣ
飿
ƵѦˡ
Ѧеת㶵ﲻô
裺
Ȼһɵꡣ
ˡ
ѦڻȻ򣬡ôڻҽݣѵ飿
ȥӽվȥ

˶ӺͶϱĶԻЦȴЦҪ׼ĸˣ
˵ˣʲôˣ
ЦŸ˽һ߽㿴ǱŵˣȻƷĹˣԷĴ͵࣬ϻȫûˣ߸ŵŮҲˡ
ףôˣ
ƺͬԾС׾ȻƷׯϰ塣
ԭ㾹ȻףǿԵ֡
λ˶ƷҲ˵ͷǰˣԵ֡
ʱΪλҶҽģϵûء
ԻʱѦȴǱ˴˵׵˵ʲôԵ֣
ѽͻȻȳڣǰ׼ĸ˵ǼƷĺģ֪ѦĸֻӣһԶ޵Ů⣬Ψһ
ô˵
ǼƷǶϱģ
ϲ⣬̲ס̾Եְ
ԭվ˳ɫ
֮ǰׯƷ
Ѧ飺
ѦŵƣҵѼȥˣ


143 ǧ׹
һ˫۵ɵûԲѦ·˵ӣе֪֮
ҪǸҰѦ۾ѼȥôǼׯ뵹ҲԶˡ
ĸ񻥶ʲôѼӣǺüֻƮƮɺװ
ǸƷϵɺǣһֻֻĶ̬ţ˳ף˵ѼӴȷʵЩ񣬿ЩɵɺǣôҲ˵ѼӰɣ
ϱΪ̫ǫ顣
Ѧ˰Ļһͷˮʵɺףûɺװ
ɻˣգգ۾æƣƳ˳ǣ̶衣

ҭ
ǲǸμλʮ̫үĺͼôֻᱻĸȥ
ĶʣתͷһڳĬгġ
°͵ˣ
ɵĶӣЩ˳ŵɺȷʵ䣬˵ƷǶԷġ
ѣô˵
ˣô˵ǰƷҲ۶ġ
ƷȻģ
ʲôԱߵĻͷˮԷһԲǳģ˵
ڵǸʲô
Ѧ飺
ѦͬͷˮΪʲôһ˲֪ʲôɺͼȻʱҲãУԼ׵Ļʱȴæ͵λСʧɢʮĸס
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ѦŵͷŶŶס
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裺ɣĸҲһ
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⡢⸸̫ܳˣôүܳԡ
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ĪǾǡʤ
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ãҲǳ棬ϱȻйֵܽãЩӦǲмһмֳģⱲӣʦã򻨵Сʦǣ඼񣬼м˵̫ģǰҲֵʮֶᡣ
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145 
ڶ죬Ѧվҽݣغ촳ҽݵ˭˵ԼʧɢĸѰ˸ĸһҳ˸Բ
غȻ򣬶ǽϵĺϲϲϲܺͼžˡ
ѲǰķһֱѰԼĸ
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й,
ڰ˵뿴ֱ۵һ̡
žԵְɣĸĸԵδϡ
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ͰٰҵˡӡҲʼٰǴ￪ֻǺ֮ǰǻĴĲһһεķСвû˵λļҵˣҲû˵λ˭ֻǰԺ˷ų˷˵үҵӡ
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ЩǨŭԹλӡ
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ӵȥ󣬰Ͱҵӡ
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ģǸȻرӣ


146 
ŵľгʵڲԼʵĸģڣĸ˵ɫ˵ĺӣôܳóأ
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ͺֻ켣˵˿ĵӣ˸񣬾սپԴһŮܰȥͷżͼȴӳһʯͷʹһЦ

޴İӰСŮ֣˶ŵñ۾гͺҪһסһ죬ʱƾһɫϿз£ǵ˫ּҪӴŮ֮ǰǸɫصŴ˵ϣǲһ죬ֹѾˡ
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ǰҲûܵˤǽǣʶţ˫ȴôҲˡ
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½Լĵ䣬ҽݴȥʮﴦɽ²ҩݶϷɹȴż·һʱһ顣
Ĵذɨĵ˷ӡ
Щ˵óѣֺһҸĸʧɢ
ŮھδУ˸ļ׳ȥ٣˳㿴˷ӡ
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ϴҿ˿ҵˡ


۾գգԭǵǸ
Ψǣ֣ھǵİӺ棬ʱ͵͵Է˰վԱֻܿԷ续һĲգڵչºÿĲ˼顣
عͷŻ˵Сǵļģ
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¾
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147 Ӯ
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ۡȫۣۣ磬㲻֪ҴС岻ãҰɣۻһεġͷװҪѣεģ
豻Էݼסһɵ˼һԷĶȻǳεĶ⸡ı֣ܻסˣ

ԷԶ֮ͷϲһʲˣȴڵ
֪𣿡
شá
شǼҽݣǸﲻ費ҪһΣͨͨ룬ͲͷҲˡ

һ𣬹ɵ磬ҲˣҼд
ˣǰڼʱΪС岻̫ãѾӶΧֻҪ˵Լ岻ٷ֮ʮܽе飬Ҳұ֣˵Ĺֲܳ絽ڡ
Ȼ񡭡
岻
Ρ
Сﱯ߼ˣ޲ΨԷһܰһƽС
ʲôӶӱܲˣֻʵʵˡ
һˣʱ󣬱ߵѦߣ˱ߣúϢ첲ȣļ⡣
۲ۣ
ۡ
ѦЩ̰ĿڶԷĲŶԷϵҩ㡣
ǰϴ㣬ֻ̽׻֮Ͼһ˸ƽзʮֺţֵţҾһ㰲̥ã滺зżѹ֮
ҲѦƵңǶԷϣѦһңֻԸϴĨ
Ǳֻ޾ī͵͵Ƴߣ纮µĸɩɩĺСһ񣬶ʱһڣҵˣֻһ
ʵʵǼҳд֮˵ͷϸݵĸ첲Ĩһɫζҩȥ˳еĳȲط˼£塣
ϲķ֣Ҹʮô࣬ϵûˣԷĵӴϣ˿ʹһůӹɢеƣ۶˳ɶʡ
Ҳʮҳֻž
Ѧһĸ㣬ݸãȲ裬ڴڳ˸󣬲ǿԼǿ
ɩɩĸúóԣСӲԼĿ佱еĵĸ£ɫĸ㣬һκ֭壬ϸĿڸУ·ڼƵġ
һڣһڣĺθڡ
Ա߶ٳԵŮ˲ÿ
͸û֣ô֡ͼͰȣĵġ
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ʸСٶȿ죬ɱԲˣҪֱȡѣڼͿ˶Ķ-ԵĶҩ
˳㻹ʮ۸Ҫʵ䲻еˣǾ۰ɣⶾֽһƬ˼壬һһƬ
ԺΣյʱ򣬿ɱϵһ׸
ӹļ־׸£ŵ÷ѩ϶һ޶ĺø硣
ֵĳһ˲ȴСӳϿ˵磬á
磬⡮һƬôܲԣ
赭ԡ
СŶ۰һͻȻоһΣա
ЩõģҪǱץãҾͰۡ
Сӣ׸Ѿǲˡ
Ѧ鿴÷۲Ҳһ͸֮󣬾ȥôаģҪ䲻СϣҲ͸Ѧͷ׺ŵС«һ˺ÿãÿöӲ
ҪٰѰʹǸˡ
´ҿ϶Ź
㻹˰ɡ
һʼֻŰͼ˻СԣΪɶСĸԸһСһʼѦ᲻ֻӥ䣬˵ֻӥСԸǱʲôӡ
䲻С
Ѧͱô
һĵĺ£ָѦƣְĸ״ޣ˹ɩԱ˳ӥСԼʳ
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ȥЩӣ˲ٸ˶Щ򣬰ǰѼ˶ҵˡ
Щӵʱ򣬸صģƣÿЩǮǡ
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鶼ԵģкҲл
֮Լɣü˵ġ
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ǲΪʲôûλأ
λİΪʲôǰ
֮󣬹ڰֲֳҥԱŤתһ˹ĵ飬зõıǺͼο
ΪСȷȷĵ˵ҸȾҵҪÿ
ٰǹٸĵץˣԼ½ﱻյĺһؼ˵ľٶ˶֪췢飬شõСЩյĺͼο·˿֤飬ΪĶˣСλĴϲ͡
ˣ˵䡰ҸȾҵҪÿ仰ͷǳֵˣټҲ׷֤޲ʹòʺٰǹڰӵҥԳ׹ơ
ֻȴ˶ȵ
ܶû¸ɵʮֺ泤ûаӺÿɶ
ò᳤úܳɣ
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شһͥС
ˣǳĳ࣬׷׹Ŀһһ֮£ȫΪˡ
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ӱһصϢ˾ǣ̫̫ϲеҪԼʧɢӣֻǿǵѦУʺϳ;棬ͰȶϱһϾʱΪ̫̫ףٵ
ѦĶִһȦ˫ĻʱŮ˶̣һ˫߰˸±Ҫˣʱ䣬Ҳͻһ£Ԥ
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ڹ̨ϣҽȥȥģŽ뼱е߽ϣҩ߳ȥһ²ɣҽУĲʹ⡣
ȥϣĹֵҡشá
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ٹҼ֮꣬ŻѦҵľɺơ
ڴԼĶӣָҽƶԶСС˵ССᣬϸǵҽݣǧҪǵһҪ̳ѧҽ츳ǧҪס
򲻿ɹ
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ǵСǮֻۼҴ˶ʮľ¥ˮˡ
Ѧ飺Сڸѧü


ڣԺӵڴǳпա
衿
Ƶ㣺100
ʱһٸʱ
ԭۻǧƵһ󲿷Ƶ㶼ӣǧһҩǮǧӣҩģ˴԰Ͱ壬ٰǰһΪ
ٰſڰģ񣬰ҩ¯ҩԼŵҩʮΪ԰壬ﲻҽĴԸμ
ĵһ죬õҲˣǧõҽŮһʮϵλã롣
˵ҪǮѸﲡٰǸİնˣЩʱ򻹺ãٽʱ򣬴ӴϹĲ˽ﴦΧˮйͨ
ȺСһ
İҲ˭ҽߣ˭ҽͣٵǻȫӿ򡢱úδƷҩϴǰŶﲡΪô
Ϊùᣬ̨ǰſȸ
ԱŵĴǱõĺδδ˼Ҳһ̤֮꣬ʮ꣬Ȼ껪ʮͿʼͷ
ĺδܳΪһ뾡һа취ҪԼİ׷ڣȴ۳ʲôҩûЧʮʱ򣬺δͷͰһ룬ͷϿͷʮˡ
ʮ֮󣬺δ򳹵׿ƺ쳾ҲԼİ׷̹̹Լͷ׷ٳڷҩҲٵҩˮԼİ׷Ⱦɫʮֵ׳ˣһװ׷ĲԲߡ
ͷˣҽȴͻȻٰ
ʮݣʮİ׷δĿҽĻ
ͷͺռˡδչͷ죬ҽߣҲģ³ɣϱԽԽ㡣
ҪҪҲƲСӣЩ㿴׺ӣ˿ңϷҰʮˡδ۱ӱߵİ׺ӣ⡣
һڴУδһƫС֣Ȼδڲͬıǡģϵһλ
һ裬Ǳʶ;⿡겻֮䡣
һδ򣬱һλϰʮĻɴ
ڽһӣһϵģһģ֪ĻΪ
δԱСͽ𣿡
ǳҽϷˡ
δῪЦ

ΪˣδųԽϵСôҲԼƲСȥһȻҪӳϷģǿɾҪүͷˡ
Ϸ츳
裺
ܰ㻪ڣδҪ𣿡
δ̾һʮǰ仰ҿ϶Ը⣬ֻѾǰܵ˵ǻۺͿ֡Ҫ⻪ڣ֪ĻΪҷϻͯء
ҡҡͷ˵ǻۺͿҪ
Ҳӡ
ȵ˶˵ʱǰĲҲʲôˣ̨ǰͬŲٵȿĲΪﲡֺֿãģֶ
ĵһĲ࣬ڶ첡࣬ǵڶĴˣֻʣ
ΪμĲˣ඼ƽ￴𲡵ģƾɣżģ˵鶼˵ܶྭɼѾ˹βˡ
ಡβʵۣٴ򰾹˵һ죬ҲͲˣõֻһûˡ
ֻ衢δԼһ´ﴦ졣
˵ʱ򣬺ܶಡ˶ǸĸˣԼĺǿһȽ̵ĸӣĸһֱͷߣĶӴߴǰȥڴǰµʱĸ׻ü䣺ҪǮĲûǮ𣿡
ǼûҩǮ
ںܶ˵ҪȥʲôʹӲİȥˣȥҲͳһԸ⻨ǮҴ򿴲Ǹ߰ҩǮ֧
λĸﲡԷ˵ۣʵʹѪ飬а룬ʲʷ꣬Է˵ʮˣʹ˵µһʹҲ˵λʮĸŮʮ꣬ƽ³Է˵˫պݸհľʹ
̾һλߴʺ棬öԷſ죬ϸһϸıԷһС
ƺûôʹˣ
ĸϲ񣬾ҪͷסҲû˵ʲôԺв֮ĻĸдҩԱߵץҩԷȥúõ塣
ʵԷాŲﲡ˺ܶ࣬ⳡҲǰ˲˰ɡ
Ȼκ˵Ĳʹǣڴ˵ܾһһá
ص˼ֿ˴СС䶫լǰ͹ġ
ӣණвҽżֻŶϡ١̡ССʽѡ
Լ˸ӡ
յЩӵʱЦãǻܿһҴжʮľ¥ССᡣ
·ҪǷĸĸ
ʵ費ҪĲ
Լ˼˵˰öԷȥЩǰȴӦ۾ôȥˣøĸΪЩºòã
ү϶ʧ˶ʮĺпǷ費ǵĺãⲻȥ
费˴˼һ󣬱ǸĸģҲҪЩﺢһ滨ݵɽȰɡ


152 ֵǮ
һ滨ݵɽȡ
ʱ򣬻򻨹ȵӣǸǰر߶߶Ĵʦ֣üĿʦЩֳʦʦǡ
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ʱʱҲڴӹ뿪ںҲûˣѾҲزȥˡ
ֿ֮̾һ
߽Լҵ鷿ǰֶһĸϰװᣬķ紵ˮķ紵ŷҳɳɳ죬ڳ͵ĻУߵ˷Ķǣһϡβƹ°ĿأǽһСĸͬһһ߽ǣ޳ָĵһīɫۡ
վھǰ΢΢һ·졣
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Ѧ鿴κ૵ǹֲʦָȡΪء
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ʦʦܸһʲôģ˶ӣƻʦ
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滨ݵɽȣȻǽ򻨹ȡ
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ڹжϴһСƬСҲŴ֣СͷһȦԼϲҩĵԼҶһ߽ԼҸǶĵ֮Ӻݻ󣬹ɫ㣬˼ŽŽҶƬ󣬻Ӵܳԣ
ѦڽĹûԱŶԷṦɹģ豧СɵʱѦ黹һǶԷ
һ¾ҪˣССɲҪڰ·ϰҷѹǡ
˳ǣ㶼û£û⡣
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Ѧһֱҷ˶ʮ
ССֻĻϵķ⡣


153 ɽ
ѦԼ˵ʵĬĬͷ貱Աһ
Сһֱעأ϶û⣬˼˵֣ЦڶԷϵСдһѡ
վӵʱоԲࡣ
Ĵ
˼СзﻨɽУʱ£ɽϵҰεڿţ˷Żɹ˺üҰһѦЦ˼֧˵ǵȻҪ͸衣
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㶪ҲˣҶӶҿɾͲӦˡ
ʵʵģӺҶ᲻ö
˹ȿڣѻеѦ£Լߣ§ŶԷ֫һԲѦԼĶӣԷһڹƵǰ
Ѧ̾һΪϰߣոջԷһһƮʮߣھƵĸڹƵģﻹʮصĶرۡ
ȲҪжˡ
⴦ɽľɫʮƯȻķܿĿϾӣǶѦٰ˺Щӵ˵һǻﶼǴݻϢ
ĹӣһҸɡѦ۾̲̾סԺ˵򻨹ȳ
Է˵żڻ˯
ԽԺǷѦԽüչ»貵绨ǳɫеīӣƿһƻԵʱ򣬿ıǶԷ̧Ц㡭
ʲôأˮˡ
ߵӻ֮ѦȻһǣƭӣпˮ
ԺˣʹĹӰɣСͽܣ顢ҽ塢ɡ鷨칤
ѦһҲΣ̳պˣ㼦ѼţֵСˣǱƺиźС򡣡
°ͣʮͬĵ˵ͷૻҲңȱôһųտΡ
ʿѳԡ
һյķɣȱʧһˡ
Ժʱ䣬šĬд
ѦɽƽϻһȦһʱѦˣһʯͷϢʯͷ̺һ棬ĴʯͷϣɹŴյ΢ů⣬磬Ѧֳ°ͣޱʡ
λڹȿڣչ˺֮󣬾ͿʼԼڴһȦһͬʱӹŵĹʲ󣬽ЩһķλֲЩһ֮󣬱Ϊһ󣬵Ȼһʱ򣬻Ļغ塣
Ȼڹвó칤λ칤ҲǰéֻƽҲϲżʲôģҲСȤ
费˴뵽Ժӳ֮󣬵ǿССӡСӥС֮ĸ档
ǬԼλÿһǱߵѦ鿴;ҷһͷһӺ۾ˣֵһ㶼룬ѦǿסվȥεЩԼһÿһŵ롣
ҪŪ԰Ļժӵʱ϶Խ
Խ㲻ҡ
ѵҪҽȥժӣ
Ƿ㣬ԺԽƬ֣ʻ·
Ѧ鱻Էʵʵ˵˵ˣ̲ס棬Ūôʲô
ȻǱĹȣȻҪõҪҪѧ󷨺˼任ɰʮһ֡
Ѧһʮһʲôģ;Լͷˣ˵ԼῪʱĳѧƴԿֶһ󣬺ԼСһҪѧĶ̫ˡ
Ѧ̧סԷ죬˵ˣΪҶССҲ˵ˣӰз顣
סĲڶԷһзƽ͵ҩžԼ
ʮףΪʲôһ漰Щ;Դˡ
Цˣè˳ëƵڶԷīοԷģҸⰲһܵ󷽷Ҫ·ֻҪߣܺܿ߳ȥֻһˡ
ͷѦĶ˵˼仰ڰзסˡ
֮ѴһֺˣѦڹˮİ޺͵СһѦ飬ΧֵĿһ裬ӶôˣۼĿҪ裬㻹
ȻԤڻиңһССᣬһʱ˷ܣѰ·ҪɽҰУҲͲ֪ôˡ
ʵĵģֻҪһֱڶԷߣ˾һ򣬻һҽĴۺǲǼҪֱӸԼҷɽԼȣűĽš
ĸû£һֱߡ
ɢɢġ
ʱҲͻȻԼҶǸĴôһߣϱӶʲô顣
ĸҪȥҵĵˮ
ѦҲȥֵĻһƬҩĵüã뿪ҲлڹţԼĵҶӣĸɩɩһ
ƳԼƶһ
չоӡ
þǴ̥ǳġ
ҡҡͷһ㶼ʺĸ磬ᶨҸӦһĵ
Ž׵ţʵӺݻƢһ˵İ˵һ
ʱѾױ̵ܽûƢˣͷ˺üΣĹڳΪʷ
һ·ʱ򣬴˳ڵӦǰŽ
ҶŽҶӴθҲ
˸ֵͬ⣬Ѧ飬ѦԥľãҾӦǡһ



ЦãǸҪұ
ǰĵǰŽСһ
ǻʲôԼ˵ط򻨹ȣ
裺
ǿй߼
ʲôҲ֪ĸ϶һɫĵõСҩ㡭㣬ŽһűߵС
һ£ȫһ
֮ѦͰһģѦ黹˳㰾һץ˼㣬һһڱϿ㣬ڹȥһҰѾͷˡ
ҸȻѡһɽȵ뷨СȻ벻ء
ҲǳΪ˻֡ɽ
ҪǴ󵱼ҵĻҲܻҡ
ͰһٲԵǰ⸱ǰǿҪһҪٲߵģеĺڰõĶ۲Ƶʯĵɵı
壬ⲻҪ塣
һ֮󣬰̾һ㡭жûˣ
ˡ
Ⱦɣ˭ˣ
顣
ϵıһʱ֮ǳʣһӺûŶϱԼ׵ֻϱ׵
üӮ𣿡
һȻܾҪƾӮ


154 
Ժٰ˺ü꣬ϸ£ǰ컹ҹߵ죬һƬʪ󣬿Ľֵһһֽɡεڿţ۳Ϫˮбĵ·ʡ
شõżϽˮһɳʪζѬδóʪһ·Ϯ
ôשϣԺҶӾҹϴԽ䣬ˮһ׻ɫСʢ
֮ڷˣһ䣬·ߵˮʧļ죬Ҳʱϵĵ·Ѿ͸ˣڿ԰Լֽɡ𣬷ӵһǡ
ѵõ죬Ѧӻش˳˴Ųлؼҡ
Ѧһĸ˸ʵĶӣǼССද֢ƵģҫһԼСȣЦס֫ǺҪˡ
ǰͲȻô˵ٵµʱѦŶӣﲻ⿪ʼǡ
ץסһֵֻϸһһԷָĵط󣬲žϵĵԼֻҪߵڣʵûʲôõǵġ
סֽ֫Է߬ϣεĽߵ˻ԼıȦ˼İȫУѦĽŶԷ˾ôţϦ͵ӳ£ĳǰС
Ѧʮ·Ե̶ϤĽַھӣŷһ߻ؼң޲¶Цݣĸк˵л
ѦƹĿ˰ɣ
ҿһ¼ϵľˡ
ֶЩԸɵҩģҽղգ

СԴͷɹһȦķӶѦĿһСӥƺֳһ㣬Ҳٵȼ죬Сǽ׳ĳȥܰһ˳ߴ󺺸ȷˡ
пѦ̲ס׿һԽҵĽգĿĲƵ۾΢΢ͷЩ˵ĿŵһӰӡ
·ϹҵҲеһԣ֣ƴ̴ӸҸƯһĨ޷ӵĲ㡣
С𣿡
е㡣
ȥ·Ǹ⣬ѦԼҧһںιԱ˵ĿУ˳ŶԷְѴǸⶼˣѦЦǸƺǰĺóԡ
ԣ壬ٵһ͸ˡ
֪㲻̫ģҸӸɡ
۵㡣
һ۲ҵġ
˵˵ЦЦߵʱǰһҴҵº·ɷһ߶šҴҴ򡱣ȺײײȥģǺͻȻȺбϦҪ۵İ˺󣬳ٶ۵ĴԿ˿Ƶĵת˹ɲǣڷӳ˹
򣡡ּŵĺͻȻͼסˣֻûдѦʱһ֧һĳѱ㵲ס
̺ɫϦ»εһٺɫİӰ
ӵ͵һ£ӵļ٣Ķͷϼ亹žҵĴǰ裬ȴ²
ʵλ磬ʲôˣ
㣬ȾҼӣ
Ѧ黥һ֮˵˵ͷ㱧ߵˣǸĺӻ˼ңеСתһȦһ򣬷ûиһ£צһᣬֻӥĸһһСԺ˹ȥͣѦߡ
ӣǺţµķ˻̥ʮ£Ϸˣţһжãĸ¶źӽֻ⺢˴죬ȴҲҪˣżĺȥд
Ѧżҵʱı洫һߵʹѾ˻Ƶ˼ޣ̶ȴ˾ľ
ôأ
֪Ľˣûáĸżӳ˰컹ûȵӳֵģԼĶϱãŲ£ȼŶӰѴ֮󣬸һӿͷ
ȥдʲôȥˣ
򡣡
ĸһԼҶӣȥҸȴ˸Ĵôܶ£ϱӶҪûˣôһҪסӡ
ѦżСԺﰲúãСԣȻκ˿Ѧ顣
óһСӣѦ飬濴Ҫ˵Ȼҳ㡣
迴ĸǸƲ磬ѦҪĸ˵ǻˣĺҲˣܲ˰̼
ѦͷĶһ㴰ƺŵһѪ̲סͷ
ȥǲʮԱ߶켱ˣ̫ˣ̥λ⡭ôó
ĸԼãڲڼ䣬ôӣ°ѺӲ̫ˣ˰춼ʱ;òԣȺȼźƨɵʱ򣬾͸Ǵһ
񣬶̥λҲû飬ĲĶͼת̥ȴԷĺ̫ˣòȴѾҪнûˣۼĶҪûˣĻˣżȥҴ
һźƨȳӲﲻϲ£ӾҪϢ棬Ҳѱ
̽ڶԷ˼룬̶ԷһڴϵŮ͵۾ļһݶ
ŰѺȥַëģӲӵ̥λ˻ȥһ̣۵ذѾʼ״Σ۵ȫƵģڰоŽصֺ˳ųһ
ĸƽ
ȥʱһǸѾҰ׵Ĳĸˣ򴽣ߵѦߣĸĶѾϲЦտĳȥˣĲҽʧֻʣºĿ쳹ܡ
ѦСӵһ
ûŰɣ
Ѧҡҡͷ
ȴҡҡͷСѾҰ׳ˣֻĲҽкЩѪˮƶҪŻˡ
˱ڻĸԷıٴμһѦĶӣȷǼҺӵ̥λģСС潡ĺܡ
̫ʹ費ԷĿ࣬Ҳ˵ԷǸ˫ӾҲǳˡ
Ѧ˼֮󣬻ȥ֮һجΣİοһ󣬲Ű˸סˡ
Ҳﳹ¾׼õļ׹š
ļ춼죬ԽٽڣѦԽ񲻰ûȥҽݣڼ
Ѧ鸧ŶӣųˮһβһβĺɽȥͶŽȥСѾˣɫƬչҫԡ
Ѧ̾һ䣺ǸӰۼССڽҲ
ͷϸ㣬ĺӣƺҲʮʮ壬ʮʮ˶ԣڽҲ
һԽҪѡϲļӺʱ
Ѧˣѡʲôãֲᰴϲӳ
ʸĽ˵˶Է
ѡӵĳʱ£ΪԼַܱ֤׼ʱ׼


155 
Ѧ鲻ܽܶԷĽ飬˸جΣμŵʿĶӣССק˳Ȼ˪һſ˭
˭
ȰҵĶӷ쵰
Ѧ鱻ˣ豧Цú˺ܾãЩԼ˵ʸ飬ִ˵ƶǶ֮꣬ʲôڹ˵ö˶˵пԼʲôģʵԽܡ
Լܱ֤ȫûʲôʹҲΣգͬ˿̺ۣѦǼССĳʱ䣬ССԼѡȽϺá
㻹ңҪӵԶһ㡣
ֻεİ˱ڻĶԷıĳ˵Զ㣬ȴһ§ס֫ŵСз
˸ΣμСҵĶмƵпˣְССק˳֮һҺ˭쵰̫ˣ˰ҰѶӷãӶҪһˡѦ߷Ȼ˵ԼǸΣ̲סڶԷҧһڡ
һ˵һһ˵̫ˣǺΥ𣿡
Ѧһ㶣̲ס˳ŶԷָξ˼άҲűƫˣ૲²󲻳ӳʱô顣
ЦˣλεЦڸԷӦû˰ɣǰǾЦЦûס
Ѧ̧˫֣ɿԷ֫ǿЦƵһѣ̾һָвԴһᣬڶԷϣص㲻Ƿ㵱ʱı飬ȻǰҵĶӷ
˭ģ
ġ
԰ǷϵԼɲִ᷸󡣡ЦһԵһ˿һ㿴ܲܣСձ׼ʵʵģ̣ҪлУ
ʲôлУ
ѦЩڶԷ̧Է죬㲻Ҫ˵ôµ飬ССᶼŵˣ춼û̥
Ҹոջо⺢͵һ¡ĸԷıѦĶʲôûԼӦôܻ㶯ӡ
ֻǸһѡҪ۵ʵˣҲӲţԱߣ¡
ôҶỤӡ
Ѧ̧䣬ֻöԷ˵ʱһůůůģǳһʵûںжԷߣôܻẦ£ֻϲǰ̲סý׾ίҪ˶ԼĹġ
ھǺûпССᵽ׳˭ѦͷڶԷļϣ촽һһߺڣ˵ζԤ׵ģһǼССͳøһأ
ɵ̿Ⱥӳ㲻֪˭ˡ
ϣҼӢķ
ҵϣҼҷɡ

ӵģóɫۺӳ˭
¶ʮ죬ѦϷģһ˯ɹͣȥЩСιԣ˼ھֶۣҲϺС̫óˣĺӱˣѦ˯ģԭΪԼҪˣԷԾȥһѣָ̹ڶԷͷһ£Ͱȥ˲ѵ˺ЩŴһ飬æĸ˽ȥСܴǼҴҰȥ֪ͨѦ˺Ͱȡ
Ѧɵɵıߵʱ򣬻Щ֪롣
С⽲ųڡ
Ҫ𣿡Ѧ˸ое֮⣬ƺûоöӺۣĲӣǶҪ۵ð컨嶼ơ
ھǾúܶƺҪʲôˡ
ǳ˳飬ҪҪԼо𣿡
һ㶼ʹҺö
ֻöûС⽣ڲιŶԷԣѦϸʵĳһضڿʼʹ·ҪϹһʹϵӿ
۾һһľʹ﷭Ҳ˿ζ۳亹һѦҧƵĺ߳һߵܣԼҽг
ʹеѦоס֣һһůϵĴӶԷﴫͽ壬ɲǼľʹȥ֮Ƶ۾ľһϤӡ
ղϵĻ䣬ģߣѦǿ˵仰Сᡢ򡭡Ҫ㻹ǳȥɣҾ;úۺۡ
˵ʲôɵأҲѵͲˣ
һһסģߣһҶܲˡ
۾ͽгòãҪ̣˶ʹң֪òãһһֱߵġ
ѦӦһûһɿХľʹˣһûסгʹϯ岻סľΣϰ˾ͺƱһѵиһ롣
ҺۣСڡõѺʳü
ȷ
氲ͰСȫˣ˶Σ߶ԼǸδСֶЩָСֶһ˫ͷЬмСѣŸСִֶϣһСصⲽ
ǱߣΣʵҲҵĲС
һҴҸϹԭǳѲӣӼҵķһ˵˺ܾõĻƣæԼŮѡŮ
˶һѻ۸ͣ
ѡ̫ˡ̾һѡѡȥǲ⣬ˣŮ⡣ɷѡŮҲǰ״
ʮͬѡѡ
Ѧ黹û֮ǰûͷ
ˣˣҪˣ
ʲôҪ־ϲֵģһ˲е鶼ԺӺͰ˼ѡҪˣæͽǣϽȥԺ䡣
Ա߿żӣһ԰οԷſģһƽ
˵˵ţһȥḮ
ܿ͸ϵ˵طƼҴҵڲȥչˣһֻ֪Լӵ
Լܵıӻ죬ҡҡͷ
վ⴦µԺǰ̲סĸпһ˭ĵأȥƻɷΪ˼׵򣬽Ͼͳˣͣĳ˻飬һ¶ûӶˡ
ȥ껹һŸѡ˼Ӷˡ
ɷںݺݵĿ佱⺢ӣ˵˼ģúãѧʶָߣ黭һͨһΨһϧľǣ˼ֻԸ⵱򣬡ƾʵϧˡ
ȻǸӣ̸ٷ˵Ǻӵָ껹ܵھء


156 ˭
߽˴ţһ·ǰߣҴһĴķ⣬⴦˵ԩͷŻġլȻһƬⰻȻĴ͸¶ǽԺߣһ͸¶һɱʫ黭⡣
ǸʮƯլӰ۾ڰǽϵıڻп
Ҷڻտ˫治֪ʲôܹɽŻġ
һ̾ţһ߸ǰߣԶһƬŽӳķǰΧźЩˣĺƣｹǲľеⲽ
ûû棿ˡڻأȥ˶ãŶԣô졭
ڹˣһԼӵĲҽУʱ۵Ըӡ
̫ˡ
һȰ䣬˵˵ţȫӵĽæλ˶ס
ѺӸš
СܵɩɩδСֶܽȥ𣿡
ɲɣ£ɩɩ
˰ףҽôߣӦò°ɣ
Ȼ͵űСֶ
˹֮ǰԶԶͿ߻һλĹˣһλӣԼһɰСЩ˭
֪Ǹ޸ĸĹ¶ĺѦ˶ϡ٣һ޵ĽλҲĽ򡭡
ôͻȻôһˣ
Ѳҽģ
ƣ⼸λǣ
һ˳͵ĸСá
ˣû뵽λ׿ȻĽҽ򣬾ȻݣһԼʧɢĸĸ
ע⵽޶˵װʣ֪˵͡
Ҳǣ׿Ķӣôܻͨˡ
ԭˡ
ˣǼ
ŶŶѽȻ˵ͷ뵽ǹء
յȥԷż̲ס˵лοԷ
˵ҲˣǼҵĸ˼үҲһԼӣιƣòǰʧɢӰɣ̲ס˵Цȴ֪²ܡ
֮ǰ˻ڷ贫ţ˵ӱȻشõģøá
ѾǷ³ףҪ󲻵ӻôķˡ
ôһ˵ʱزҪҪ߶ԷࡪĶǰӡ
Աߵŵˣþү
죬ҪػʱȴǱ˵
ٻȥǱ߿ɡߵǸʮС⺢ӱˡ
һСˣԺ󲻸ҼҲô졣
ĸҪȸ籧СֶһҪɩɩءɩɩڴħѹһֵĸꡣ
ĸڶ졣
ˣƿԷ֪֮˵ʲôˡ
ݼ϶ˡ
ԷҲ֪
ô˵ǰӣ飬Ҳ
ڣﺣ˷ӿѦʲô⺢д
ԭԼһҽ˭֪޸ĸĽҽҽ߳ѧʶˣҲˣ黭һһǸھĴӡ
ڿɺãӱȻһ˲õݣȻү
ˣֹǴŵҲŵĺ÷Ǵ̲Ǹϸ롣
鼤˵ʲôҲǼҶһմմĸǡ
ŮҲҵĵĺ÷ֻܴﵽԷʮ֮һҲˡ
ٵʱѦ鱻ҲһʱԥŵҪҪԼС򶯵ӰССʳʱڰѺ
ѦǰҲû뵽ӻΪһҲ֮ǰʹһʹ֮ƽϢߵһֱȴܻĴʡϾѦ֪ӻҪܾõĹöȵ֮ǼСС
˭֪һΣһӡһС
ӳ֮󣬲ͣ˲䣬ſϲˣˣϲүǸкǸСӣ
ˣ
Ѧһ㶣ԺЩʱ򣬾ʱʧȥҲѹֲסƣӿ壬Ƥӷ·ǧŬ̧ȴôҲ۾ֻܽʧȥʶ
ƣ۵Ļ˯֮ǰɻССᵽ׳ʲôģ
һֱڶԷߣԷƣĻ˯˹ȥĸԷ԰ʧѪգӲ壬ޱȰĵͷڶԷĶһǡ
ѾסԷ֣ϵӿ˵ȥŶԷƽ˯գĿգһĳʲôʱޱȵ򣬴ʱ˫־Ȼ΢΢
ȵŰĺӱǰʱų׻ع
ү쿴Ӱɡ
Ǹ׳ʵСһСȶر
ЦŰѻĺӵݹ׿˵ˣСӿǸõĺӣճǻҲޣСȶСȭͷʮĵȥ·ӤȭƵģֱ˼ƨɣίίߺĽк
ΪѵĿ޹߬Сȭͷ
˫ַӹԷĺӣСһﱻ˻ſߺ˼ȣȵıסС߬СȭͷĦԷֱһۿȥʱ򡭡
СС׵Ψһоǡ
ͷϹͺͺģͼϸëüëûгһźͮͮͰ͵Сȫһţһ˫۾ţž͸һϸƵģΨһֵÿ޵ľ˫С䡣
е㲻̫Ѧĺӡ
趢ӿ˰죬ʵûܿӵ׳˭ŵ٣ȫķɡ
ѽŰСһȭͷѽѽĽ
СһĶҪˣûסĹǣ⺢ӳǳ˵㣬ȴôôϲء
ѺСĵķѦߣ⸸˿һڴϿһۣС޶ֿһۣſţ;⺢ӳûͦġ
ҲԷ
ԽԽ
ҪʧˣǼСС᳤òңȴһģģȻĿǰǳ˵㣬ȴǳϲ
ѦƤ˶Ҫ֪ӳ˭Ұ֧۾ԼԼģ˺źߵĹ
ҡҪӡ
ųȥϲ֮ûѺӱȥҲû׼˽ѦϢԼҷʱ򣬵һ۾ܿߡ
ǼССᡣ
Ѧ鱻̧ϰǸĺɫ٣ǸͰ͵СӣȻһҲóȴҲʮкϲЦſ˿ӣֿ˿ǰ裬С㿴ۼСС᳤ʮ㣬۾üëֱһģӡģ
裺


157 
۾üëֱһģӡģ
ǣ⺢ϡϡûüë˵üë⻰ѵͲΥ
⺢ӵ׳˭
ֶŪһСӤ⺢Ӧó㣬ű۾˯˵Сģ
Ѧҡͷ⺢ӳ㰡㿴۾ͣһģһ
˶ںӳ˭ûжֻۣñȥӵүүǿСһһȥ˰Χֻƴнӹ٣˼ֵ˰УİСͷںһں󣬺̱ˡ
ҪӣҲҪӡСΧڸߣҪСֶѻĺţѵСĵ㡣
šСıûСӤסСһĺԣſѽѽ
ֻŮһְӱУźӵСϡ⺢ӳøճǻһģһҪǺֱûкɫ̥ǣһΪԼλص˵ʱǻ
Ҳޱȸ̾;Сʱ̫ˡ

̲סĺ棬СʱȻôô
ԱߵͷǺӵСС۾ͬ⺢Ӹ񡭡
ӵʱľѹԵ˶˵ӳС˶˵ˣϸǸͰ͵ĺӣϿ¿ҿǲӳοСм䣬ȻӤ״̬´ûչӣǾʦ˵СǸƯĺӲŶԡ
ʦ̾ôƯĺӣҲиĸö
ʦֹƾǿúÿԲŻԼʦ־ϲÿȻ͸ȥˡ
϶ԼСǸƯӵΧ˶۾˵ϹȺڵ۾äĿģںϵٶֻǿϳܿó˭ˡ
Ʋӵ˭ⲻ̸ѦҺ˻ϲ֣ǼҺȡһ֣ᣬ飬飬С桱һֽ飬һдڻʼϵ֡
СԴճԺ󣬾¶˲ƽֻθӡ
رܳԡ
һ⺢ʤ
ҵ֣ܳԣ
ѦпرܳԣһСС̲ס׷裬㵱걻ʦּȥʦôιģɽҵôˮ𣿡
СССͰʳ˸緶
ֻСС׵Ҹˣ׵Сʱ˶ⶣǸúõĹӵܣ˶ɽͷЩҪľأССź
ʵ͹ˣǰǸӵСԡ
裺
ΪһѾı˱۾һκѦ˵Լ£ٵǰʯͷԼĽţԷԼǲʱ¶С
˵˵˵˵С㲻˵ѲǰǵãھˣѦһԷ˵޾֪
ˣʵ˵СʱǺȱ̳ġ
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158 ҩ
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ССȻϲ׵Ͷιҩ̣֭ȴǺģԹ̺󣬾ϲ׵һﲡпеʱ򣬾ͻڻֻ򲼡
˼ҵĸĻֵزܶ඼޲ⳳ鷳СӤԶ㣬ѺӶĸ׺Ӵ
֮ǰƺͰʾ̶ʮпоæӣ÷ܹĿҽݣԼ飬Ѧ鵱ʱ˵ЩԥȴʮּҪѺ׵ߣִӡ
С㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
裺
޻˵۾ڴϴϢѦЦһҡСֶգǶСһͷʴֱһֻ
߰׶ƤϵСܡ
ֻСȶţѦûסСһֱСԼ˻ȥ
ÿӻ֮󣬸ССϱӣѦشϣĳƵɫıһƿ͹ϣǰôһССᡣ
ڶȥҽǰȴ˺ȥЩӣͻСֶȥԼүү̣Ǳ̫̫ҲҪӡ
ͰȴǾµ׻߾֮Ͼ·ݣۼͷս˸·һԵһµС޶˵ˣҲԸûõĶϱѦ鳤;ȥǡ
һ·ҪЩٶһӡ
ٰжòŵ
˿ˡ
Ĺٵϣųɳ·ǰУѦ㱧Żĺӣƿӿķ羰Ƽдů棬ķ˿ҡ
Աŵﻹһ飬ȥ֮ҲøӾˣ˵ҲԽ
Ѧֽ̧Ʒ˿õ˶Ŀųï֣ܵǸطԽԽǽźͼǿɳĵطףҲЩʱûˡ
ӹ˵첻죬˵һѦ̽ףѾȥˣǰʱӵԷӶҪˡ
֮ǰѦҪٰ̽׵ʱһֱųŵӣº϶ǲ˳ţǻ̫ʪˣﲻǴԶţº;Ⱦ纮ȣȴ˴µ꣬ò׵ȵһ׼ȥٰ̽ˡ


161 Ѧҽ
ǰٰ̽׶Ѧ⣬ϣһżĸŮĸŮͬŹ£ҵ䣬ˣֻʣһԹŮĸ
ƼĸŮ˰ĸŮӽϡһȥٰ̽ףŷ˺СŮөҲ˵Ҫһ˳·ȥٰͶ衣
żҵСөǸСಡˣ·߼ʱҪϢһⲻż˵ҪϢˡ
żҹ˵ҪͣϢһ
֪ˡ
Ѧ̾һ˳ӣļٵҪִٰΪһ·̣ܿ꣬ȴû뵽һ·ϸ׸һ彿Ĺ߼Ҫ£·ҲҪϢ죬Ԥг̣ǰӦõٰˡ
ŻСԶ˺壬˰ˣżҹҲǸˡ
ˣҵ䣬֪ҵĹ˻飬ܴոдѣӹֲЪЪҲ
߷ȻеıˤϣǡһˤˣڱѦ㾯Ŀһۺ̾һе鷭һһյǻʢ
ԽԽˣͷ¸·ֱһһжúõģǰõٰˣȴû뵽׸Ъһ£ЪһĽ̽׵гԽԽ
һ
ͣ·Ϣ·һ·ͣͣߣĿĵؾͿϵˣȴҪా졣
ѾڵûƢ
Ѧżĸ׺͵ܵܣҲȲĺõܷ裬ĶҲԼľ˸
ٰܰඡû˿ʵķһۣҪӿ
ǣŸڸϿ;жԵʱȾ纮տȷжϵϵҲһֱŵĶ飬ڵ֪ĸŮѵʱ򣬽ǽ븮չˣֻĸŮʵһѾĺܡ
һԴĸŮĸŮ˻浱ԼҵĴˣδζһΪѽҶݣʲô˵顱ģ
֪Ҳһ·ֵ꣬ŸϹ·Ⱦֺγûչ˹
Ϊ˲Թ¹ĸŮܣſ˶ԷĶ飬û뵽ĸŮƤûߣЮͼĸַӵ쾡£ңԴöȫҪõģһˣͿɥһ˵ŸΡ
żĸŮǸƤģȴǸҪģԼһСȫ˶İ˵СڶԴ˸Լ˫ļױөˣҪˣѦĴ֬ˮۣҲдөױ̨С
˻һ£Ͱֵ
˼Ҫ̲ȥʱĸŮƺִˣ˵ԼҪȥٰͶף˵ı͸йһֻ޲þ͵ذĸŮ͵ȥ
ͣƵİԼҶӶϱĸŮһߡ
֮ЩҪűףˣԼķ˳˺ü¡
Ѧ˵ʲô
˵ˣûƼǳʱҡͷһӶı飬ҿٵȼͽˣȻʵܲˡ
ֲ֪ףֱȼ֮ܿðֹ̡˭Ȣȥ˭ù
Ѧҡҡͷżҹﳤû㻹˵еԸ֮𣬾˵أǵصĵһأȻ֪ҵĶô
ϱô仰Կ䣬ɱúÿˡ仰ɲǰݼڵ黰ٳ޳̶ȣөȲѦ㡣
Ѧ˲ǶĺÿѦͲ˵ˣĸҲǸĵĴˣӣòɫ
ĵܷ裬ģŻڣͶԷദСºñʲô˶֬׷ۡ
ѦһÿÿԵģһܲˣϴ˶ϲҼӵС˶
ѦȷʵөٸúÿȴһөĹϲҽңûܹ̫ҲڹŲŲŮӶ˼ִ֡
өֽεβĹܼ˵ı
ԩ˰ɣҾͲϲֹֱ濴߽ʵƤȳǽܲסʵܲס
Ůô۲ۣԵӣŷ˲ͷСĵźԼŮ
өü̫ˣҲ·ˡ
ҲﰡŮ˭㲻ԸŷΪһɵȻǸСǼķᣬȨƱȲ֪ңҲȥˣĶӻǸţ˵ѧʲϾҪϾˡ
ǸᣬǱãֻһˣֻǸҽݼҵŮҪөөܹ¸һŮģĸŮҲˡ
ŷ˰ө˵өȴԸ⣬ɿһСĶӣǽʿŮȻϽʿûþͲˣò绨ҼСڸߣ黭Ҳͨ޸֪ҵĶѾίˣ˵ǸĶӣԷǸз˵ģөӿϡ
СسʲôһͶˣ˵ٰ£ٹҲٰżĸŮһϼƣٰ˵ܸŮһõĹޡ
һ·ͣͣߣۼҪٰˣѦǿͨͨĿСʱҪ˰ɣϾ͵ǽˡ
ԡʱҲĿˣŵȻǡ
ѦԼظֻҪżĸŮҪ۶ӣǽ϶ٰܽ
ԽԽٰǵʱһȴģ˸ѯʣ˵ǵ
ǰŮ
ĹС·ϣȻܱػģ·˵ĵϸ֮󣬲ŻѳӷŹȥ
֮ڳǽڻݵġ
һɽȣһ˶ڹ˻ݣ÷Ƶʱ򣬱ȥɢģ˳㿴ԼĻݳƣΪ򻨹ȵĶңԷģСԹеĽġ
ǰʱƤȥ򻨹ȵ;Уһѻϵİٻ·ߣȴû뵽ԻĲ񡱣µһƬӾȻѿϲˡ
Щ·ߵĻԽԽã̲סˣǰҡ
Ȼǳ·߳ѣЩĻҪ˴ģûȵƾҪˡЩôҲԼĻݣŲλãŲȥûϡ
ȥٰ̽׵ٷѦҡٰǵļðãܴһҽݣҽϰˡ
ϰҽݣðãû˵ѡЩǴܰģֻٰǴ˼£ȻֻǼ£ǶٰǵҽϤ
үǻشõĴǼСҲҽܣǶٰǴССҽݶ꣬û˵ʲôðá
ôû˵أٰһ֪Ѧҽݡ


162 С
Ѧҽݣٰ￪ҽݻѦģƺֻүڵĻشã
ѦǳӱסˣĶԻһ£ƿӣҼҽǰмðãȥ걻ҵܸܵĳ˻شã磬˵𣿡
شãͬľȳڡ
Ѧ䱻һ飬һģشôˣѲɴ˵ҷҵҽݣ
׵ʿˣǱߵҲߵĶŻһ٣еĶº󣬴ߵŮСܹ˭˵شõģ
شɩɩҽݣ׸ҽĴµҽҲֵܿʹĥ֮ء
Ѧ俴ȻֵССﴩһ»Ƥѩòޱȣһٻ̬֮ͷС׺
ƣǰϵĵС
Ѧ˴˿һۣ˶ԷеĵǣҲ֪λΧΪζԻش˲죿
ٰ̽׵λ㣬ҲѦ𣿡۾ĿһԷޣеλ˴һ°ɫѣﱧŸСӤ
ϸλ˵òֶԷԼɩɩѦм֮

ǣѦ㣬ҵܵѦٰǻشõƹҺͷմٰ̽ס
ѽһԭԼ˰
ԷɩɩѦ׽㣬Ҳ׸ĽͽͬҲĽ
ԼˣѦˡ
ǼҺͰҵĿôйϵˣ
֪𣿡
գգ۾ȴܷ򣿡
׸硣
Ѧ±Żˣ׸磿
޸ĸĽҽܷôͻȻ˵׸磿
Էǿĸ磬ζŵܷǰʧӣ
ҺһȥɩɩɣԼĻȥ򻨹ȣԼѦһǡ
Ѧ㱧Żеĺӣһţ˴죬þöûܻʱѦĵǵͱոյ֪ľϢˡ
ղŷʲôˣөǰĶǰ潻̸ĻԼԼĶĵһŵĲ²⣬ԼĶǷˡ
˵ǿ˵Ļƺٷ˵ĵܵܣǵɩɩ
ǸѦĲǼ￪ҽݵֻһ˫ܵܣ˸޸ĸǽҽ᣿
ԣǸģЩѾ˽ƺԷǰʧĺӣ
ôܣʲôһөؿըˡ
ǸòǼٵ𣿡
꣬ɱҽЩͨɣôǼٵģٰ翤Ҫ״εġ
ө˼ǧתٻأһǾǼʣһ򿴲ϵ˾ȻݣǸƲϵѦ㣬ҽݵŮӣȻ˸ӵܷ
ܵܿɲ
һгڽٰǣʻ֮ηѵһԴһ飬ߵС˽йȥżĸŮ
һ˾ʹ˷ֵ𣬲żĸŮȥǹҡ
ֹȰ˵
С˹ػ˵ŷ˵ҹ岻ãһȥѦҽݣҽеĴ塣
䣺һ·Ųã˵Ҫˡ
ֱȥشðɡѦѾȲҪԼ׵ܵܣԼС
ѾٰǣҲ御ˣĸŮţҲƲʲôˡ
˵͵һڻشǰͣ£СشܱߵѾֲ֣شõȹλСС׽
˵λСԼҸĸΪأ֮
Ҫܵϰӿɶð
ವһ¾ʹ˻شãʹĥѡ֮ؿúܣͬصԼһ
ҽ˲࣬һҩӻش߳ȥ׸ãﲡͨˡ
ûˣֱӿĽиˣ磡ɩɩĽͽˡ
Ѧ߳Ҹպ˰˱࣬Ҫ𣿡
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ѦŴѦͣԣĿǰⶰеϷӣٿܵոµơشãһ̾
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Ѧͷеĺӽߵӱţһ߽˻شãżĸŮ˴˿һۣ˽ȥ
㣡Ѧ鿴˺ϲĽгȲСܵѦĸǰ
Ѧܵϲѣһǰ˱
ȲܵҵܷǰȲǰ˱ڻرԼĽһΣǱߵĽܻûֿҲֻúͽһõĶ౧һ
ôĶ̫ʺˡ
ܷˣǳıǰˣĶԷĺ󱳡
򡭡Ҳ㡣

ȵǱߵĽֿܷ֮һԼҽֿѦͺ⣬ϰߺܽӴ
ѦŽһҽɣ߽ȥס󣬼ǵдҳٻȥȻҼ顣
һ̫ˡ
״Լҵܷһȥ˵Ļܷ򣬿ã
á
Ѧ׵˽ͽ
ô˵ܷǰӣ
ߵ仹ڶ𾪣ǱߵѦҵܵܣ̲ס˫ԷգѦ鴩һǳɫѣĵƤӨһգǸɵ㶵Сꡣ
Ѿ˺ӣôǰǸģ
ǰ㣬㿴ҼСӣѦнӹǼССᣬױƵĸ㿴Ķӡ
ֶնյССУںڵĴ۾ǰˣСֱ̧Űѽѽš
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ʷʵСֶջô뵽Ƶӣ̲סЦ
ѦһЦ֪ԷЦʲô̾һε뵽
ССʮְܻ׵С
ӵСצҡҡѦϸһĬĬΣֶǧҪɴӡ
ţСʮ
ҽʲôСӣйܺӽģССأ
Ѧ뺢Сʱٶһ£СӵСӴ飬Сţ棿
ֻСӡСֶանա֮Ľжˣ㶼˺ԭС
ѦЦãôӵСô𣿡


163 
Ѧ鱧ԼСӣ˵ȷʵЩ˼ֶӵСϿҵССᣬǸС
СС᣿ǼҺӱࡣѦҡҡͷ̿

ǽĵûȣǱĽΧߣһĴȺڵӣʱˣܷкüƪ£򿴿
ʱѧʶд˿ǿҫѣˣҲԽ̾ȻõЩ˵Ŀ佱ǸˣĵڴĻԼҵܷԼۡ
Էŵˡ
ЦٿҲ٣ͽԶӦϢǡ
ǣҺҪٰ£еʱ̵ܷ򣬽ˣһҪѾԻǣ
״ӦҲŸڴæŴչ˷ɣƹһʱ䣬γŽӦúõİѡ˶Ѧڼصľһ
һԵĲ˵Ľ˲裬ȴǲһɨһۣǱ߸ŽһλŮӣ۾ֱĿ
յһǣ壬ӵ˵ߡ
өԼĸһŷյһ˫۾²ϴһҽݵλ˵ۿʲôǴ۶өԴҽ֮۾ʲôΨֻбǰŵλ¹ӣԷòƾ˫ĶǺ֮ݡӡ
ӽ죬ӨӨԷϿȥ̧ƮƮֵָһƳָĦƳһСŮҽߵģ
ֻģ˶û۹ϣө״˼˵۹ȫԼϣֽĿһؿڣ֫һںվذ׵ԵÿΨ׵סϸ֫վ·ʱͬӭ磬һһڵĲӸԵϸӯӯһգߵǰǰİӽΪСŮ
˵仰ʱ˫۾רעǰˡ
ʱձЩ֣е˶ûٿڣ΢΢üͷżĸŮ˵ݣ˵ʱȻԸ˵Ŵ˺͸׸ϿʱԼҸչˡ
迴ǰŮ˵ͷһţͬԴÿһλһ
Ѧע⵽һĻөﻹݵһӦԷ˼˸߰˰ˣٿԼ汧źӵɵܵܣɵܵܿһĻС޶ԣѦۼԼҽһ֡ɸ֡Լɻ㣬ôˣ
Ѧüģ룺ֻڻԼΪʲôɵܵܡ
⺢ӣôһ֮ĶûУŮ˶ôӽҷˣ˵вԴװɣôҲеʾôҲӦ⸱û˵ģ
ܷ򲻽ÿݻǸ߸ϵүԺ󻹲֪ݺݺ˹ȥɵܵܣҲ֪һ¡
ѪѪ飬ɡλҲö´߶߶ǡԷд˵ӣλŹȻһĲʵҪ˵ҲûУƽճԵ٣˶˼Ȼͷͷ衣
ԹɫҲˣѦ㡢һȥѦĸһžۣƤֽˣֻ˵ٸ罻ҵ
ӻش߳ȥʱżĸȥٰĹңŷȴ˵ɫ̫Ϲȥ߶ţ͸Źȥȥ踮С
ȥҲ˼ѵ߶Ѧžֺ˼ˣ
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ۼҺҵĹϵɲܶϣөө⼸Ѧҽ׽׽Ǵùϵ˵ܽʶټӵܡ
ŷǴ⣬Ŵ˶ദ죬ܼſ˵ܼүʱϸүߵĸʲôģĴٹˣҲŮĺù
өͷı˱죬Ĺټӵȵϡ˵˵ţ˸ոռǸˡ
ȵʲô
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ŷɫһͣȻҲŮиùޣǸȽ֪ʶȤģŮòвŻʸͨĸ֦ȻԣҪժߵͲ̫ˡ
Ѳɻ
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ٿλѦ˫ͬҲĸòɫŮŵòǸﶼġ
ǰӱȲѦ㣬˵өʱǸҽŮţŮվүߣʱҲ˽ϵ·ˡ
зôˣ֮ǰҲзˣ㲻Ҳ˵
˵ˣǸ˫˫ȵŮᣬһҽݼҵ˫һ۲黭ʫһȲң
өһͨҽݵ˫ܵһ˼ҵС㣬ôܱȲ
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ŷ˼״ҲȰŮܳɹĸŮӾͲˡ
ҹƼԼŮŮϲˣһžۺͺӣóĨ˻ᣬϯǰƼɷͶӣһӵķˣʮˣƲ׼һ౸һ
Ҷһ˶ʮˣ
ڣ·ﶼʮƵģ˾֡
һԼԶһСֶգӵұòֻСһﶼϲ豧ȴܵõ㣬ǵ˸ڸһȾơ
̫ˣҲһɡ
㻳ﻹźأٺȾưɡ
ԶԶԣ˵ǣǱȾˡ

ѦžۣǱżĸҲһԲ˵өһ˫۾ʱʱϣȵԷƹѲվ˵Ŵ˾СŮһףлɩɩһ·˶ĸŮ˵չˡ
ѾƱ£⡭˰ɡ
Ѧ˶Էһۣ
˼ϸűݲգǾԡ
عǰˣ󵶡
ס˵Ļ
ѦĴСС˹ƣڴ˼ҹ︧١
裺
ƳƳԼҷɵı飬ЩԴףѵٲ
Ƽ˼ҹҪ٣ҲֹõѦϰٻڼʱÿ԰һá


164 Ż
Ѧ˽ٰϯԶ֮£Ӱ涣ӰҡյţǴطյõģԶˮɽĺ
ө⴦º⣬ȹߵٵǰ¡
ѦԭҲǸԣ˼ң۰ԼĶӣṆ̀ϰ٣ҲٴʦϸϸһϺõ١
өԹٺ󣬱㿪ʼһ˵֪󣬿֪ĹһĨ΢Ц࣬ԼĳЩ˼עС
ѦһΣû˼ˣˣ̫еϣΨе巢ʱƤԾĴƤðȥҲ·ʲôƵģʱөӣΨС޸дĸ֡
һΣ¸ԼһƣͷȥԺҪѧٵģƷеˮƽөӺԷӣͨŮ˵ȷʵֵÿޣҪ˵жǵҲûУһӣҲ
Ѧ˶Է͸оʧɣ֮ǰΪ˸ǼСС̡̥ղ裬Էֵӣˮƽһո߹һաʱөȻ֪Էղ̫ʤԼҷգӦҲˮƽģȻ˼κ󣬷ֻûȥյʦúãǱλԶˡ
ССѽѽ˼
ʧѦͰעתƵ˻еССϣСצצԷСཱུӤеˡ
綼ϲǰѦþû˼Դ˶ӺÿԼҶʮеԵ¶ǳȤ
еıյ߲סڲԶķɺͶϡ
ǵЦһ˵һ˺ͺ죬ȴΪϲֵΪӦ޲λżС꣬ŪԼС
һֱϲӹţž۵ȴѽ
өһ΢ЦܿȥȴΧ˵ı鶼ʮֵȻûоޣûпޣûнͷӶ۷׷׺ĽԤȫһ
ǰѺѧͣһӣҪ޿һ޲ΪʫףУǸŮǰЩˣѦҽҲˣǲˣǸˣһ׿ȻʣȻҲǸʫĴӣôܲΪ㵹
өϵЦݽסˡ
ѦԷ֮ͣ󣬸Ͻݺݵ伸ۣͷƵɵʾ
ȻԷ˵׸˵ģȻʾѲɻҪõܷɡ
ܵԼϱᣬө񼸾ûĵĿ˼䣬±㷭ƪˣһ˼ֵĺȾƳԲˡ
ʱҲվөڴĿǵӰϵЦţ׷ǵӰȴֶԷǳģߵԼҷɵߣӶԷб˺ӡ
ѦЦһѣ㲻Ⱦ
㱧һӣϢϢ
ﻹһԵűأҪ㡣
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ۼСҽ϶÷ɳġ

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Ѧһ⿪ڵǻԵǰңԷƤҪʲôôȿ
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ƣ̧˿ԼҷͶӵλú󣬴ʼרעĵ٣µƣͬµһΧ˵ϣһ죬ת·˵ļ趯һյ˼
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ѦֵȻԼӸֲ㣬ڵգѾˮƽͨеٮٮߡ
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ʱл㱵ķ֣ԭѦңвŻ˾ȻǼҵС
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169 ڳ
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Ĳ˺٣ֻ϶˼ˣģ˵·ڳܣյ³ܳĭˣ˫˫أԼҵļ̧ҽݡ
ҽι˳֭ȥ˻ȥܻܰ
źӣһʱվûܰҪдãΪССᵢˣѦѡðáд˰˱飬ƺÿһŶдúܺãѦܾһŻá
˺ܾãҲֻʱȻʼˣǰԷдʲô֣ǲɳԽģԾ£ʵѷֺû
ȫǶԷԼȽϡ
·ÿһŶдúãַ·ÿһŶУÿһд嶼Ƕһ޶ģԡѡһأ
ѦþԾѦƹĴʱӦļ׷дĵһԷ⣬ɾɾնԷҪָ˺ü󣬶ԷŻǻ˵ҪͷǸɡ
Ҹоʼдѡˣ
裺Ȼ
Ѧ鿪ĵİպãȻȥҵĹҪĸߣҪѡϺõľͷҪᡭƻҪһʱҽݲܻơ
ͷ𽥼ʱѦĹԻغķͻȻҽУлŴСеűջҪõЦ߽˻شá
أ磬ôˣѦƳ˵Ӱɻ
Իشֵ˽Ĵ󲽣ߵ·Ҫȥսսʿһ㣬֡˭İ©֮УһԵֲҲԼ̫С
Ѧգգ۾Լһ˲ҽﵽ۷壬ͲҪֵԻѾܹ֢״


170 ж
ԻײϵĲߵѦǰԱߵ͸׸ƵģͲŶԷתȦȦ
Ѧ飺̲סһͬᡣ
͸Իذһзڹ̨ϣ֣ˬͬж˻İ˹
ѦûƳظ絽ҽİɣô
ԻԭѲһӲˣ΢΢¶һ㵨ӣ̲סǰѦħͷСʱģԷ˵ҪʱʶЩֻţѧҽ
һֱѧѦΪʮʮѧϰҽ
˵׼¥ˣ棬ǼҪһҾ¥̳иöð
ѦҡҡͷᶨҵѧҽĺˣҵҽгϾ¡
Ѧôҽһͨϲܰѳģǵ˫ϲϾԼ顣
ɣȫҶÿֻţܵܣ˵Բԣ

ظ˵öԡ
ѦһֱԵظ磬ɲҪСˣУѦ㿴һۣ֪ϲ
ԻرԷסˣ㡢ô֪ģ
ҿģ
ôģ

һǾûۿԻؽյı֣˼ҸͲϣ¶ܲµʲô¡
ʱ鶷˼֮ԻرгʾѦԼʵʱѾȫ˵ϲ
ѦұϲģܻϺӣ壬˴꣬ڻϺˡ
ѦС֣ѵõĻᣬڿϤǰһˣʮϧһεᣬִԻصϣϸϸƷζ˺þã͵εѦ
ǻ
Իأ㻹Ҫã
ٰһ£һܸ׼жϡ
Իأӹҽ

ϲϲϲλϲȵ߸ºǾջһСӡ
ԻؾΪϲ·˸ǰСӹҽУûѦˣԭظ׼
ɵˣгɣǷҪл
ѦȻ
ҪЩѦ°ʾ̨ϵУ
ôֲǸġ
Ѧ飺Ƣֲȥһеʱʹբзһ㶼֪
͸ԵģֲǸԡ
磬㿴㻹ܹţƢˡ
һԹǸԴӱϻкֻܵͷСҿһͷţ졣
˺ˣЩҷ°ɣЩʲô⣬֪ҲȱһظʵõģȫЩóԵɽ
ѦСչͲµõԷĳУЩװĿ϶Ǹɫζľࡢƶɽ֮ģɹɵҩģҩƣԼӶĸɺ
ЩȻܶҲܺóԣǰѦյЩܳԺþˡ
һ⡭һٷ
Ѧ̹ȻˣҲƽгˣﻹǼҵСӡ
ѦĻӹССᣬСӸձι̣Ƕųʱ򣬱Ѧ鱧˲䣬Ȼͣ͸ԼҰˡ
ѦƳԼֶʮְı飬оȥ˿򲼶ţֹͯմ
ȻһϵİСӾˡ
֮Ц
Ѧ鿴ɵ룺֪Ī
Ҳᱻˡ
Ѧֶһ
ǱߵԻԷ˰̥ҩԻֱ󣬲žðģܹ֮ȥѦСӻ򲼡
յȥһԣѯʴǰôչз
ԻغĶѦ黳м´СӤԼĶӣգգ͵Ժ롣
Һӳá׳ʵ
ظ磬Դ󵨵㣬˵֡
ʵҲСƵģֿɰġ
ȫúá
Իܿ⺢üãװ۵ģִ컹ֺС۵⣬ںڵĴ۾Ƶģһ
ôĺӣܴ˶
Ի־ɻ󣬡飬㺢ӳʱأ
ɡ

Ի̲סԺ˼ĺӴųʲôжȥǲ壬૵һؼҵʱȥ
⾿жһš
Ѧ飺
ΪʲôҪ⣿
ĺѻظ絽Щʲô
ȻԻػؼҵʱ򣬴һȥг⣬ҪһҪҪոģԻػӦ
ǧȱ
СΪʲôһҪ⣿
ҼҪ죡ƺ⣬ԻЩΣԼ˹ƹȷʵûȱ󣬲ŷĵĴؼҡ
Ҫ⣬Իذ˰֣˵û¡
˵ǰҪע⣬׶̥
Իأаɣõö𣿡
ϱ㲻Ҫҵ޸֮
Իأɱ𣿡

˱۾ɱҽɱ㿴
˰ɣɱ̫ˡԻʶɱСʱˣԷõĨһ㶼˰죬Ǽ˵Ѫ⣬ɻġ
ԻؿֻۣҲֻҵѦ飬ʮСӹҽæμ
Ѧ󣬼ˣ⼦һޡ
Էɱڼ
ظ磬ôʲô
ûʲô뿴ԺĶӻ󡣡
ظ磬ģһչ˺ġ

·һһģ˵˵ߣ·һ̧ɫӣ˰ѽסԻط
أ
Ի˽лԼͣ˽Ų
عͷȥҲԼʶѣֱСŮӳ̳飬Щȥ˳޼ү޼ҵٷˣͷ䣬壬һٸĴ磬ûвۣһɫȴ̫á
أô˸ˣʲô𣿡̳ɫ뵡Ͼϲãɵ˺ġ
Ի¶һõЦݣָָе⡣
̳ͷˮ
װʲô
Իسʵ⡣
Ǻӵ⡣
̳ʧЦˣǼй͵ҹҪһϯ
ͻҪٵȼ²ܵԤţˣ飬ʵҪﶣȲҪѻе˵ȥԻĴͣʲôĵһﲻסҪ˵ȥҪ˵һΪġ
̳ԷĻȻסˣʶ׷ʵ
ӡУԻظһҲǼ޳źЩˣҲûһŮֻǶԷ첻µز£ǸɣӷҲСڹü֡
ó̳Ľ
ǰǸմҽݻҴ򿴹ˣ
ϲϲ̳˵仰ʱɫȴɷ׵̲ס뵽ԼϷ顣
ǰ̳޸޼ү޾껣޾Ƕӣ˽ֱһģܿ죬޼˾ףʱĳ̳ԼνǱӵҸˣֻû뵽ӹò⡣
֮·ѾԼĺˡ
޾껾ٰüɪ޷Դź󣬾ͲССĳ»һ͸Ϊ޾껵ĳ̳ϿŴá
̳ǰı޷ն̣ڷǰָ˵վԼ߻޷˵ǶԷĸףԸ÷ΪѣЩ꼸ڼз棬ܶʱ򶼹ƣ
ȥ֮ΪûһŮ޷˽ڼ£˲ТҪ޼ҵĴС
޷˼£һؼëүڵ찦̾æ깫ºҪƣӦĸף̳Ǿ
޷ǸƢְִԵˣЩڼһҪԼֶŮ޸޾껣̧ƽޡ
̳鱻ֵòظӦˣ˵޾ͿԼҷһֲ˼пЦʲô취أ
ÿڼʱ޷˵
޾껳Ĭú󣬾͵Ĭ£޷˺ԼֶŮϲϲĳ첼ϲ׼ƽ죬޻Ҫ⣬ΪЦ
̳࣬޷˴ԼҪڲˣ˸徲̳վ޼ҵĸŴլԺȴѹֵĺܣԺУʱֵʢģȴ˾¡
˶Ǹ˼ҵķٷˣ˭֪Ǹʲôζӳ¡
ԻǴ񾭣Ҳ˳̳ɫ̫Ծһٶ۵˶Է£ϵ϶ԷϷ飬ҪҪҲȥҴ塣
ҡ֮ǰҲҹûá
˵ǸǸҽȥ԰ɣҷɶ˵ء
̳ԥԻؿԥʮĵɣȥһҽݡ
ΪԻԾܾ־˸ջ֮ͷ·ˡ衱Ƶģ޾ľ˷ܵҪϴ
̳żе飬ѻĸŶԷȥҽݡ
ȥҽݵ·Ϸ·һȴеķƵģҲ֪ԼӴĿ̽ʲôĽ
ѦԻȥֻ⣬˲ֻˣҪʲô
͸ӳˣȥԻҲûڵѾⳤɶˣͲ·濴ӻж
ԼȥӳԣҪãҲ᲻Լķػڡ
Ѧ飺𣿡Ҫ͸
ǰ
Ѧһ㶼Ҫ⣬ԻǸʲô˰
ѦתתڽǻǽǷ⵽ߣϾӳǻҪ챧ӰǰϤϤ
˵ûԻһĴȣѦ˵ö԰Ȼȥ֮ʯͷ
Ѧ飺
ǵҲڡ
Ŷˣλˡ
ʶѣǷæͬǳɻü꣬ûܻϺӡ
Ѧ飺
ȻǼҽݽܲвĲˣʵٰ󲿷Ҫӵģǻȥǧúӹ
ֻؽĴ˵
̳黹ǵһοٰǵĻشã˵ҽȷʵһλҽ򣬵Ȼֻ֢Ĳ˲ŻλҽߣͨƽСգֻںԷߵİȤ£λĴò˵ʮֿõүӡ
ʱ򣬻ﱧСӣСֻצӶͷСȭͷĺܣ޲ðԼ׵޶ͺˡ
С쵰Լͷȥ˵Ҳ֣СӴӲѦͷȴʮϲһͷīɫĳ޲ðͺˡ
Ѳɱιҩ̵֭ı
̳λʱ򣬹ȻֶԷʮֿķ޼үҲȴȲǰλ򣬶Էźʱģ˼ƽ׽˵Ϣ
ӦһòСӸŵԲг
ѦҪӶԷԼССᱧߣȴĵԻȣұҺӺòãմǸСް
ѦĵӦСޡ
˵˳̳󣬰뵽̨ǰ£ϸϸϹ󣬳Ĭһû˵
̳״߬ȭͷнŵĺܡ
ѦԻѦ飬Ƽ״͸о̫ˣѲɳ̳ʲôĲ顣
һȷϵӦ˶
ж
̳еӵˡ
ԣ֮δУΪ˶Ǳһ־綾ĶϳݣͨʳḹʹʣʹȥֻжļСֻ΢ĸʹӦ˲ֻ죬壬ȴ㻳ϺӣͨĴֻˡ
Щ꣬Ӧöڶ϶ķֶ֭뻳ϺӺܼ򵥣ֻҪټñɡ
ô᣿ûгԹֶݣ̳ɫ׵ֽһƬԺ֣ȷʵżøʹֻŮңһмӣûвֻǡ̳جج뵽˭¶أ
Ƕϳݲɫζһص㣬뿴ƽﾭʲôŨĶ
ƽԵùѵûʲôζصĶЩ꾭õģΨճĲˮ͸ˡ뵽ʱ򣬳̳·һ㣬Ժ˸˼Ĳ²⡣
Ҷζ㰡

̳Ľ˻޼ȥѷڹеĲҶҽݣҽĴæϣҹӵСɽйš
ѦҩʶǿһţӸɲҶŵһԼԼѰĶŨʢĻ㣬ζŨ壬˸оΣգҶ⣬ƽİɽ¶費ζûһִ㡱
ѦҶģȻֲ֪Ҷ
ŲԻץһѲҶڱӱᣬŲһԵҪˡ
ģŲжġļ
ǣԻصƳһۣ˼ԼİķȥţȻ֪аҴء
ѦƾԼĳ츳²ҶղʱӦò˶֭ɽȪˮϴƳĲҶ
ֲҶݳĲˮԺǳ
޷ˣҶôģ
̳ץһСѲҶϵıЦޡ
ֻ԰Ϻֲ裬Ϊ
»һ죬͸ġ


171 
̳ʧǵĻص޼ң֪ҶжԻؽҪȥ޼ֻعǳ̳ȴȰס˵Լоϡ
ӽ޼ҽĳУűյȥȥѾˣԼ޼ҵ꣬ϵıɰ˽תĮ
ҹ޾ûлԴӴӦҪȢƽ޺鲻䣬̣Ըң޷˺ֶŮϲϲ޼ŵƽʣɹ񣬲÷䡣
۳̳ôԸ⣬Ϊϱź÷ȴ左ˣһؼұ㲻š
Ժ󰡣еܡ޷ϱ没ü۽ǵ⼫ˣԼֶŮһϲ
Ӷϱһţ޷˾ͿССŮˡ޷˶޼ĶӵһΪȢŮˣʱ޷ѾΪӿ˸߼Ҵ󻧵ŮӾȻģȢճŮˡ
޷˸ŮһţӾ𽥸ģһŮˡ
䣬ļ֣ŷ˵һ䣬һԵֶŮȰ껸Ļ
޷˺һԼֶŮȢ޾ӦȢֵģԣ޸֮һҪΪ֦ɢҶ
ûŮ˺󣬾Ͱݻȥ껵ֻһ
޷ֶŮ֣һУһɬĵͷ⼫ˡ
̳˵ķﾲһҹͨδ˯ƣѼڶ޾ƣص˼ңմӴ˺ü̳ϲ͵ǰȥ
ǰ޾껳ŵʱ򣬷Ϊžһܣ޾껲ϲžĸ׺ȫȢŮˣΪνĺӺͿ֦ɢҶоһŨŨƣ
ɻ֮ȻȢԼİŮˣϧ˿ֵûã޾ĳֺڣĸ׺м䣬߶ˣĸζٶ࣬ɲܽϱ
ӣȴТѹĸ׵˼
껣ССŮˣϲ̨档
ôô˵
Ǹûҷ˭ҵĶϱ
ˣδһŮ
˲ТҪ޼ҶӾﰡ

ÿĸߣЩȸľͷҪܣ޾껺ܶʱ棬ҲΪӱЩ
ֻǿϧ紵ɹܴ̳һӳ޼Ҵլ
Ѿ尾ˣҪһ
ӻҪô
뵽ĸ׺޾ԭҪ̳ϲñ㵭˺ܶ࣬ڿտ޼ҴլУµĺ񣬸һء
ٷλã߽˵ķ޾껻ûü˵㿴˿ǰһ㲵ĳ̳飬һصĲҶ
ĳѥڲҶϣɳɳ죬޾껶СһҶǼҲɽϲɵĲ裬ϲÿΪԷ¼õǼ衣
޾껰ЩҶСĵļϣǰĳֺ̳һЦˣ㻹
ΪԷŻЩϲĲҶһء
̳鿴ŶԷСֺõЦݣͻȻ;һĪıӿģµ˵һ仰
۾ˮκ󣬻˾ϵǺɡ
ΪʲôΪҪȢƽ˵ˣҲϲãҲȢġ㲻˵ĻͰȡɣͲôӦ
ӳ̳ϻ䣬֪ǼΪʲôûкӣΪҶ˶
ʲô޾껻𣬶˵ģ·ʲôըǰﶼ쿴ˡ
ŵ
̳۾ȥԷŵݣƣ뼫ˣѾҲû˶š
޼ңˡ
ಢѣ˭ԲҶֽţץסһʱ֪ӹڵϵǸʵʱ޾ȫ
ֵģĺ޾껾ȻһŭûУеֻһֹȻ˵ƣ롣
ûȥ˶֤
Ϊһжͽ͡
Ҳˡ
޾߽Լ鷿ߵߣվһһīֱī֭Ũī֮޾óһŰֽϡ
ԭһֳġվĸڳ̳飬ȥڳ𾭣޾ۣѧŶԷּһ𳭡
ȴҲ˳𾭵ĺô
ＦȮֲݣ
֮ǰճһ޾껴Ǳӵһԣڰֽдݺ顣
д֮޾껲úһУȥĸ޷ˡ
޷õ飬޾ˣЦŰ˽й껣ǻˣ;ɻǰɲٳˡֱ¸Сӣ
Ӣ޾껣޷˵ĻɬĽƲһԡ
޾ˮĸ׵ĻԾص;Уٵһũǣһֻ˵Ҫȥĸ֣ܽ˱һ٣ũܵЩǮ
һǿҵĶģԼǱǣũеһͷ
ٷأ˵ڼأҲԷʱҲˡûаŷǾģ䵱޼ҵĵĸ
ȥ˽йˣ
޾ޱԺˡ
˵ʲô
Ѿд˺顣
飡޷˺ߵ˴˿һۣ˵۾Ǿϲľ껱Ů˺֮ô޽޾Ψһޡ
޴ľϲͷ裬ͨͨĿϲ
޷ʱҲֶϱ룬ϵЦ˻Ķӣ뿪ˣ˵ֲµŮ˲
ֵ꣬޼Ҽլޣ뺦ǼҶӾ͸ݡ޷˿еĻû˵꣬ȴĶӴͳһɫĵзâֵϿٻ
޷˺ļУ޾Լĳ
޼үٷ˳̳ϢٰﲻֶߣҲǶԶķޣȴֵ³ϦǰϦ˺ϢΪ֮̾Ϣѣ滹һӾϢ
˺֮޼ү³ҵȥˡ
޷ʹ飬ధȰ裬ȴôҲȰΪҪɵ¡
޾ֻ˵Լȥ
ĸ׽ֺ꣬ΪӣܺĸףԣֻԼ
޷ҲȰסӣֻȥүöӻת⣬ɸ޷鷢ˡ
ү˼ƯŮˣ˵Ҫ檣޷˵棬үЩŮ˵Ǽ˭Ҫ˺ӣҾ̧˭ƽޡ
޷˷ˣָָôﻹûаꡣ
ҾǶ̫ˣֵüլүǰֻȢ޷һྴ
ЩŮ˸ϳȥϳȥǸϳȥ
үҡҡͷˣô˲ݣݲһƽޣĪҪ޼ҶӾԵ޼ҵ𣿡
Ϊ޼ޣӦΪ޼ҿ֦ɢҶ

ЩȰϱģڲϱȰסˣҲȰסˣҲף˵Ķˡ


172 Ϧ
Ѧ˵޼ҵ̲סһпúõһˣȻôֿˡ
̲סҪԼҲ϶Űԧô죿
С˵ô죿ѦᵽԷȥƶԷš
ͷһ£ô죿һ˽ȥ
Ѧ飺ˣʱǿһ˼Сӵҽһһ¶޽ͷҪţһССô죿ƺҲõģҲҪżҴĵ򡭡ҲõĶţϾϷɵģˮεģϳҰܳ伢Ķ
ǡ
һ룬ʵ̿ʲô
һûǮô죿
ʧЦûǮǾȥհΪССңȥ¥ﵱʦ׬Ǯ
Ѧ飺һǵ˱أߵ˲ϲϱߵĲˣ˼Ҿ¥Ҫô죿
裺Ե˱࣬ˮˮ֮ģÿطζӦò࣬࣬ҴСӵǮȵҹյͭ壬ȫܹǮǾȥһط
Ѧ飺ܸо˵Ĳ̫ԣСһ֮ҪصҺͺӡ
ǳ̾һǺðɣȥգȥŵ¸ԣǮ
Ѧ飺ֻŵһ춼ûԣһֻܺ硣
գգ۾޹ҪȻô죿
Ѧ飺
ô죿ֻȥͷ˻ˣҺСС֮㴷ȣֻҪǵôձˡѦԽ˵ԽͣߵһԼ԰ʯϣԶȻļɽˮɫˮζŽҶ̵Ĳá
˼粢̨Ͽţ·Ѿͷˡ
˵ʲôͻȻСӳ˵˶ԷĽŲѦ黹Լ˼ά˵˸
ϲСӣȲӶϱѺӱȥԺԼпУᾭլСӡ
һֺ᲻÷£޲ñźһ
ĸ˵ԼҪ϶ô졣

ѦˢһµĺˣŽͣǲǣҿûô˵
һżСʱˣȤζȴ¶ֺСʲô취
˵ʲôձ
Ѧ飺С˵Ҫ˽
裺ţ˽ȥͷ׬ǮձͶӡ
ǸЩ
ձԼӣʵʵŵɡ
Ҫ˽¡

Цһ󣬰ʮֲİѻСӽ˶ӣдŴһϾȥҺүһӣǰ¶ʮžͳϾǰɡ
Ѧһͷ
ȵ֮ѦĽˣ֮ǰû£ҪϾζҪϻʺ̫̫
оǱȶŻҪ˽š
һЩ嶼˵䲻ô죿һ̲ϲҡ
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СҲԽԽʵˣƽ˯ʱ࣬ѹǸرڵļһһҪԱߵھ
Ų˹ĶһѦҡСϣСһ﷭
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ʧܡ
Ѧһÿϧͳɹˡ
СӣһΡ
С˶һκ󣬾öˣѦֻŲ˹ŶԷٽСֶǿǿ̧۾һηתһ£һſҡСϡ
Сһ۾Ƕоϡ棬ȻˣһϾ͸ɺ
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ǰͬϲòѣСһĳÿĳɳ仯׸еϲ
ʶնյСһﱧ˻СӵϤĻк󣬲ֹͣϵĸɺ
Ƕֻ֣ϲӲᡣ
ֻΪδʱСС۾Сһ۾û⣬ܾΪ⺢Ӳϲޡ
СС֮޹Ĵָճʱŵİ¿޹һΣԱ˶Ҫ޹һΣһο޵ÿˣΪѦȥ򻨹ȣһ춼ûлֱڻСֹͣ˿֡
ιҩ̣֭һС죬ֲҪˡ
ܿӾ͵Ϧڣ֮ǰӦѦڣ˰ûȥҽݣ˼һ׼ҹȥιƻᣬϦڵҹʮֵ֣Ԫڵֲࡣ
չ⼫ãѦһյɹɹҩģһȥׯˣȥ֮ǰǼ˵һȤ£ϦҲɽڣׯҪһȥ֯ŮҲҪһʢᣬƾӪׯȻÿ궼Ҫȥ֡
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ЦöۣḮλصԸԸһȥ֯Ůǰ
裺
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ðɡѦûסЦ
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˶ԷͶһôЩʱգѦںȵıжˡ
ιһźԣЦ𣿡
ҾԱ
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ǼСӺϲˮ·СֶˮַСһıˮСһֽʮİڶһֺС㡣
СֶչСƨɣСѾˮл·һλѽЦ
Ѧ鿴ŶӵЦҲһֲ֧ӵС˳һ·ȥĿһѡ
ͬԱ֮ʩѦ鱧֣رҪԴǵɲҪҶСˤ档
͵ֻݹٷŻյơ
һ߳Ҫһ߼
СȻϲˮҲû׼СһˮСˮ̳ιˮѾĵеľ˯˹ȥ
˴һ˻ҽ飬Сӷɹκ󣬸˴һ˯˸顣
Ѧһǰ߰˸ϣһһѵ̹ϵ
ǳϦп̹ϵĴͳҹƻĸ̯ϣйϵչʾѦǸ֣ܿٿƤɫĹȿֵ±һһʢĵԱߵһẉ̂˳ϡ
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˶һϵƣϵƵ֮ɫˣѦСһȥϴ˸裬һɫĻѣСֶһСѣϰףһ֧Ҷϡ
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ȺǺ«ģҲŮɫƳɵСӣС«ȣѦһС«ԼֶӵŮ˼֧ĵת͸Ѧ顣
ѦĻе΢ףҷֶˣ߲ϣϧѡ
ղŮͬ輷üŪ۵ġ
ȻĻ
Ŷպ·һֻţϹҺĻţѦϵĵƳ˻ҵţȥϦͬҲǸţӡ
״һѣС׾
ѦߺһҪöӡ
ѦʮֺڽûаѡҶӡССϣܸԼҷñǩ
ӣϵŮӺ˫ƽ˺üЩߣĴߣ˵һģѦԭΪԼԴ׵ģƳЩ˵ʵûס˴̳ӡ
һֱСӣһͬ§ѦСɽͬʮֺÿȺﲻϣЩ
ͳͳ򷭴̳Ӻ󣬾һԶȺ
һԶȺ˳˺Щɱ֮ӦʳһߣѦóеɱιԱߵԡ
ԵòΪ⣬Сɱסˣ̲סСԴͼ׷Ѧ֡
ƺԱ
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ţԶ̻ɫĹպ£ҹնˡ
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Ѧʱһˡ
̹
迴Ǹմİɡ
̳Цŵͷիʮֺóԡ
Ѧ˰ҲիʮֺóԣֻϧҼСⲻ
ѽѽСѽ˼˵Ҳԡ
̳۾˼Ц⣬˼󣬱˴˻ָվڴǰźˮһȦһȦ뿪ԽԽԶ̧ͷɽϵȺ
ǰֳһ˵ģ
Է˵ԺδޣͻȢ
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ֻǡղԷڵµݣȴ¸ܵԼĶĸо
̳۾ŴĻһЦϣԷܳŵùիɡ
ѦĿ뿪ֻصϣ粢ߣ軳СѾ˯ˣԶ̻գǵ㡣


173 
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һȤһҪȥƽƽķȻȡΪô϶ƽƽ档
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174 ʵ
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衢ѦԼͰеȫɫУһ̴ľɵҡ´ССӤֵҡ
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򻨹ȵʦֵ֪ĽٶȣһȻǴʦִĺӡ
ҲԼŬĽԱ˵֣ŶԷգüǿɰչº쵽˼£ԼİˣЩޱȴ϶;Ը⸶ȴرǰʱ򻹻˵ЩɵСԴпյĺܣ˵ǻоϲԼŻɡ
ͷԷ۾۾ԣ˴˵ĺһգգ۾Լ۽ëȥòԷīɫë
Ѧܵܵ⣬ٱסԷĺףԼıǼⶥ˶Էһ¡
Ƥ
Ѧ˫ֱŶԷգĴָӶԷıٵһһŶԷֱͦıǹǣúÿĲҺССıҲ㣬ÿ
˵ѵô
ǰΪСС᲻Сһƽˡ
żҲðСӵһֻӡ§Ѧշ𣬺ܿ˱ִһſڣдŷǡ
ϵ֣⻹ǹʵΡ


175 
˽˷ǣ谴ռеķ򣬴Ѧ߹ֵתǱ㿴˲Զһ㽨һҾ¥¥ĻӭչһӾľӭ˹
Ѧ鷢ԼҷȻʮϤǰ𣿡
ȥֿ֮ҾʹӸ뿪һ·ϣȥǣⷽס˼֮󡭡Ҿ룬ȥٰˡ΢΢ʹţյ忡ϣΪںڵ϶һ⣬ĵȥڷǶӣпѡ
Ծɹִһ·ϣôڵӦǷûˣûˣҲûˡ
˵ĸɽȥˡ
𣿡Ѧͷһ𣬺ȥ˷ֱʱĳ·Ҳصڶɿڷֱһ죬ŶԷվڴͷʧڽϵ֮УڰߵȵˮȴԾɿԷӰӡ
йĿֻϯ壬Ѧ̲סӣһᣬʶȥıסԷĸ첲
ʧЦɶԷסԼĸ첲٩ҪҪݸӰҰ
ҪǸҵҾ͸Ұ󣡡ѦҲԼʶĶŪ˸죬һǻͺϲŶԷֱۣ¶ԷƵġ
̧ҿ˿бǰһӻ꣬һӤƵıСɣһӻꡣ
һյĹһȦ߳ӻꡣ
վڽֱߵĹ£еѦ飬üʾ⡰󰡡ѦϵǼȦìʮ㣬ԥҪ˰ɡ
ⶫôţˣﾡ˵ĻЦһ£Ѧգ룺ңҰ㣬ôúء
Ҫ󰡣Ѧ鱻ЦЩĻţ߳ŭĺеһȦżڶԷĲϡ
裺ˣ
ȷҪ
ѦЦſһգ۾ⶺĺߡȦӽ⿪ץ󣬰һȦڶԷϣ˳ҲԼϰһȦ֮󣬹ֵĴǰߣװѾߵ˸ˡ
躬Цվں濴Էݣֱϵǣǰߵʱ򣬲ŸŻǰ
ǣǽֵϵ˺ɻؿֵļһ
һǣһ˵ģȣҲ
һ˫һˣô£
˵һԷء
˳ûУ
˿ķҲҸӰš
ĪǾǰ׽˵ʥҪơ

Ѧ鱻˿Щ죬ͣԭصȴƵСӰţվߵͥŲ·Ƶġ
ڿҪʱͣ˽Ų̧
Ѧƣܹȥһ·ӾȦϣյߣŶԷƣһץסһȦ
˹Ȼһԡ
㿴С˫
˳ûС

˵ЦŶ˽һɡ
ԱΧ۵˷׷¶˻ȻɫȫһȻ˵ӡ
սѦĶ䣬ʵ𣿡
ˣѦĵѪΧ˵޲굽طȥִŶԷһ꣬һ߻һ߰ϵӽȫӵϡ
ЦĬĬİһȦսУѦ״ʱˣ㻹ʲô
ðЦѦǰ˻Σ˶ԷСңҰ㣬ǲܳƽ
ȥġƽ
ѦõѪҿӲıתȥ󲽾Ҫ뿪·¯ĵط
Цžסĺ죬΢һʹ§뱧ǼҾ¥ſȥѦյһ£Ȧһ£ôҪǲԸ⣬ҾŶ
ѦĹĵĲ˵
Ҫǲ˵Ҿ͵ˡ
ѦתͷԷ߷
ʱѦ鿪ʼⲻٰٰٰ·ԺҲԲǵ
§§ģʲôӡ
ʲôǳɹףݹãӶˡ
Ѧ·ܿԱϿȥߣ֪ʲôûаСקյĻѦ鷴ΪƵһҺμҾ¥
Ǻ̳Ӿƣָһ̳߳Ҿƹݡ
⿪ƷһڣľˮһóޱȣЩЦ⣬ػԼһȻǼеǹζ
ûСӸߣʹơ
С֮ǰȹζܺ𣿡ѦһȻ˼ҵľƺãʱЩ̹һڸɢֱ˺
ԼƣԴ֮һµľˮ͸ˣȫΪ˶ԷƵģÿƵʱҲǶԷ
ϲԷ佱ľƣϲԷԼҪƺȡ
ԣζЩ⣬ͦҵģҪҪ
ѦвޣԸԷľƣϱŤŤͳ
ԼͷֻҪ׿ڳһ־ƵζֻҪǶԷϲľƣһ
Ƴ˶Է༯ע޲һ¡ɫеľ̳ƵԷߣ촽ҪӴ̳ʱһ£ԼͷһںŶԷ°ͣ΢΢бȥеҾƻĶɽԷĿС
ھƷһյʱ䡣
ѦʮͷûƷǾʲôζֻԴκģôһСھƣͷĿѣ
ЦɿôоζΣ
Ѧ쵽˼㣬ƵĿһܣһεСУ˹עСһôĳζһٺһڡ
ʧЦ
ǸСҪġ
ϲ˳ʵСҪ
һڣѦŤŤƿ˸ǽϴյ磬Ŭϵ¶Ƚȥζζͦġ
軹˵ЩʲôȴѦ͸ӼϻƵģҡԼĶβ;ܣһ̵ܻ˼Ҿƹݡ
ֻҡҡͷһھƺȥ
ľˮطھû֮ǰĺúȡ
߽˴ţÿѦǾƹϰӴһ˽ƺʲôûȤ͵ϣʵĲƻƣż͵ƳǱߵˡ
ϰ˵ʲôˣѦߵԼߺеľ̳üʵ
ϰҪƵķӡ
´һۣΪʲôûб˼ϰȥ
óóȻ˼ҵĶطǵͬ߹ݡ
Ϊ˱ķӻˣСԺ־ƣңƹĿѦ˺Сβ͡
ððǵѦƹ񡭡
Цڳι䣬Ҫǵʱȴ˽סˡ
㡭ϴǸߡ
عͷȥǡɷһҽݵƣá


176 Ȼ
ѦҲǼҽݵƣԼſվŵһ̴ɫͷҽݻƣգգ۾Ķ䣬Сҽ𣿡
Ǹƻ˼û˵꣬Ѧ²ҽӦø跢һЩ¡
ҷҽҲҽݵƹҲСҽﵱô
￴˵£ڵЩЦ
Ѧˣ֮ǰô
ԷһҽĴǵʲôĲԼҽΣȴҪֵҽ￴
Īҽλҽ
ǰˣأȫѦκõġ
ңѦһͷˮҸκõģ
ЦףÿͶ˵֣Ѧ鿴֮󣬺׷·ػһ£κģˢһ¾ͺˡ
ָּǸµҽݻƻվѦƹܾҪ˵ĻεıסԷ֫ԼеĻϲȫй
Ѧĺܣ֮ϲ
ߴգǱߵͷΪѣĿתǰλòİ´ڹ˵ɷλΪҵĸΣ
ͷĻгֻǺҽһؿӵС֮ǰں﷢߹ݵְˣԼҽֱӾҽβȴڿ˵Լҽġ
߹ݵġ
ѶԷҽ롱ȥ֮黹û꣬ﶼҽһòҽĴ򣬶ԷҽеĵΪ磬ºЩ˶ҽλĴҽֵҽݲɿ
ĸ֢˳д򿴹ȫûнΪ˶ҪͷͻȻҽſڿλֵİ´򣬹ʹģס˶Է
Ҳҽǰİ´Լĸ׿
ҽĻ˵ںҲЩڣϾԼýˡ롱ȥģͻȻ˼ȥβ˼ҪǸǳģĻԸ
ĸģ
һ㶣Է⻰˼ôԸȥβߣҼҾڲԶ
ѦŶԷȥ˳̼ҡ
̸ڲϣȻ̸֢ǸĸݵˣǰǸǿ׳ĸͷ󺺣ȴһֵĲȲȣսݣϵ֫Ӳʯͷ̧̧
һֵֺ֢̼Ҳ˵ȻǳԹҩҲֲֹԽء
ǡЩʲôģ
λβġ
̷ǰλĴϣҽḻϴˣκĲǰλĴôܽĲҽγɹ
̾һһжֻùѡ
̸ֻԼûûЩһѵ˽ԼڲŵŹӲдĲԼĺӡӰⲡβˣԺҪҿˡ
зᣬʵҲ֪Լ׵Ĳҽβˣ᲻÷һ˿ϣһ·ҲŶԷҲԼĸأ
Ͼ˵λȻᣬȴǴСѧҽһֳ뻯֮˵ܡ
̸֫ԷļήӲ飬õڶԷѨλһã·ʲôӲ֮ϣƵ
ĲˣƵһУ˵ֺͳ̸ͬ
𣿡һԿԷͣļԼҸϵÿؽڣȴһ仰Ҳ˵żĺܣһͨĴƼ׵ӣ͵ҡͷ˵ˣλ򣬻ϸ΢Ĺ۲죬ԷֻװģǬ
³̸ĸ첲κһҩһԡ
ʲôҩһԣ鼤ѡ
дһľóȥץҩĸ׼ԼЯ̫ؾ룬ó̸⿪£Ϊʩﲡ
ѦһԿţ۲ѣǲģѧô롣
ڳ϶ֻܷһСϵĻʵЩ
רעΪ̸ʱȳҩԺó̸£̸ڶԷĹƤѾɳ˲٣ֻǲ֪õʲô취Էεʱܾһʱʱȵǵĵط滺ޱȡ
ղܿƵΡе룬Բϵĳ̸˵
գѵôҸоѾ֮ǰöˡ
ҵհɡȻԼܹκöԷ没ɻҲ˵̫ԷĲһվγɵģͬҪãҲһձָܻ糣
ֻǾõȵȷ̸ת󣬲ܰ뿪ʱҽεķͨĴѰĴҲҽκöԷĲ
Ѧ뿪˳̼ңΪ̸Ĳ֢ڷͣһ죬贵ڽСԣд˷ŰСԵϣɹȥ߰ˣǽҪڷͣղ׷ӡ
СԶ˶ȣѦι֮󣬲ų뿪
ѦڷЪһûʲôԹԣĳЩ˵ɣͦϲеģһȥӼҵľ¥Ͷޣҹżƣھ¥ķ¡
ҹĻ֮£ݶˣѦ鱧ŶԷֱۣͷڶԷļϣǵ򻨵ƻ貣ظпʵôһ˼Ҳͦõġ
ǿȥܶܶ಻ͬĵطһ·ҽβ಻ͬˣδŵĹ£𺳵ķ羰һ·ϻиɫʳƣСѦԼ˼˵Խ
ǰм飬Ҳ˼ͦõġЦһھƣ˫ɵϣҹĻǴȺ˸˵ĲӰںҹĹӰһصɴԽ˵ĺܡ
ôС򡣡
ôʻƵģˣ
ѾˣҪôһߣǵĶӣСԡ
ʵͦõģǴҽҽҲã˼ģȥŵ¸ҶͦõģʱͣͣˣҲһطԶ뿪

Ѧ࣬ӿڵ˾ǺƱ䣬һطˣֻ޲뿪Ǹط뿪ˣֻĽ
˵öԡͷϵķǣһھƺĬĬˡ
ͻȻúðǰҹƺûоôѦ鱧Ÿ첲ܾ࣬ýҹʲôط̫Ծ
ʧЦΪֶû衣
Ŷֲܾ˵ʲôѦ鲻֪﷭һ˹ģરҡΨһźıȱСӵİѽѽûССᰡЩϰߡ
Ҫ
ͳһս˶ԷĲ˹ĺ󣬰˰ȥס۾һҡŲ˹һ߳
ڶһѦ鵽ĳЩС˵˵ĸо
Ѧʱ򣬸оѾԼˣ֮ǰܵϱʹζƽڹ˵Ҫһ¡ȻĴڸо
ָо֮Ѧ֪ԼжôҸ
С㻹ҰɡѦ۾žӨˮĵ֪˺αصأȫֿԡҩԹİķϡ
Ѧ鿴һԼϱĺۼʵֺÿġ
ڿջϢ󣬱ȥ˳̼ң̸ʱѾԹҩ䲻˵ãȴѾЧָʩһκϸĸ֮߳ôԼĸףöԷÿո̸ྭѨλԷ֫ļջָ
лǶˣҪ˳ԷѦûж˻Ҫȥǵĳ
ûãȴͻȻõ˵ǳһλҽ쳤ף˵׵Ĳ֢ʮȤ˵Ҫ


177 
쳤ǶݵһλҽϵĿβܰлķҽͽаˣͽطʦڽһСﵱ
쳤׶һЩŹֵ֢ǳȤں˵˳̸Ĳ֢֮󣬱ԼͽܿͨʩúԶ˼ҩ˳̼ҡ
ʦͽ;໥ų̸Ĳ֢Գ˵ԼĲжϣ˭֪һ̼ңȴ˵̸Ĳãλκ˳̸缲
쳤ź뿴ҩ˵㣬˵Ǵ򲻹ڵͺ󣬸Ǹ̾Ϊ츳ڰ
ͽܿͨԵʦΪλ֮СʦԶ˭츳ʤһ
ʦУѧҽ츳׿ıСĵԶԶ쳤׵κϲҲʦֵصһų˲ɱѧҽ츳ȴƫƫ츳ϣѧҽĶ⣬ƫƫ˼츳ðѧѧʦ洫üʦֶĽʲѡ
˵һΪ󣬿ͨ㰴಻סԼ˵츳˭˭ͣ˭ҽӸ
ǵʦܻȲ쳤λ̸Ϲ̺󣬾ԼҲ࣬˵ҽˮƽ޷
ɽɽˣ
쳤仰䶨֮еԶûбʾʲôʦȴĴʦܵ츳Ѿޱ۵ģһ츳׿򣬿ͨʩö𾪡
Ȼ˱Сʦܵ츳ʤһ
ʦĵûжļޣӻԾһļǸ۸ڶʦܣѹˣ
ͨǹصĻϲֻʦôʦԣҽλ򡣡
ԶǸʮӣһʿ£һΪģڣʦ쳤ް߰ףʦҲмҵӣΨΪӢԶʦֿͨĻҲû𲻷ҵҽܱȲλ򣬵ҵһñÿ
ԶǸѧҽ⣬Ȼѧҽ츳ڣԼҽֻԼӢòҲܳΪˣԼһӢĴ
һʦֵܣһģÿ
ԶΪ˶԰ޱȡ
ʦȴΪڵҫԼҽʵⱲԸҫԼӢӡ
Ȼ仰˵ʦֿͨһ
һԵĳԶĻһۣȴҡҡͷԶҡͷæʵλС磬˵Բ԰
Զų΢΢һЦһĿȸƵǰչʾԼˡ
ʦֵһдˣԶԼе꿡š
Щѧҽģҽϣͷõˣһ˲ֱӡν˵õҽǿ϶ҽ˼Ŀ๦ɴ˿ɼѾҽĥá
ϳɣ
˵֮䣬һԷ͸֮ƵģһſݵǾҩݲеķ˪
񣺡
ˡԶĿУҡҡͷԺλòٿǰԶǾԶԶ磬ʮֳʵλ֮ˣԷҽ߳òǷͬףλչԶԶȲ򡣡
Զһ⻰ʱﲻˣǸĴôòʤһΪԷκ˳̸ĲӲĿλĳࡣ
ҵλ򣬿׳ʲôģԶСóԼͭԾԼһſ
һԵĿͨ˳ǣܾú뿴Ļ治һ
Ѧ뿪ǺṦһ·򱱣;Ѧ˵ҪϢ˱һƬͣͲȥˮѦСһȥѰĢ֮ɽӥֻܿСԶѦҪҵĶ˿ȤɰͰ͵Ѧܷ裬ȴץԡ
ͻȻСƺʲôһӥ๽֣Ѧ鱻ԷĽסˣعͷĵطһۣҲһƵĸ߽һһĢء
ԶԶµٶȷӵ˼£գۼɵѦܣڻôˣ
šˣһֻ󡣡ѦԼظʵ󲢲£û׼ͻȻȽ˾ţֻͮͮģûëһŷɫģ˴Ŀġ
Ǹճ̣ɸճӦûôɣ
󣿡üŲԶӸ˹ȥſݾɵҶſһɫĲ壬ϿȷʵһģֱëƤ
Ǵս˿źͮͮĶͷϵЩ֫ƫϸôеĳֺڰɫֵ̣
źͮͮĶûŶһ¡
迴Χ֣ϸźɫ⣬ðһ˼뷨ǰŶӦһֻճûõġ
è
סۺۺ۾Сһȷĵ׵Ĳ²⣬Ӧèһ˫̥СһֻҰ⣬ֻС̱ʻˡ
è𣿡Ѧ
ͷ
ǻģҪȥܻˡ
ЩԥˣȥҲһܻĳɣϾûè
οôһֻẹ̀СӻҪèˮɣ
Ҫĸף豧ѦֻС̣ż£ʱƮ˼ʮɡ
һƬɽת˰Σûзèټȴⷢһֻĸܡ
ĸܱ˻ҪߣѦֱԼ۾Ϲӣ
裺
ѻѦ£˶ԷһĿ⣬ߵǸ޴ĸǰѦĲֱ£ŪһͲḷ́˳Ҷιè̵
ʱιιˣǻһ֣ࡣ
Ѧһ԰缦ѾǸ˻ߵĴܸŵˣҷײеĿ¡
䶷ʲôģҲֻڲ˵ʱ
ۼǴֿ¡
վڴߣҷԵúϸ
ι̺пҲ֪ܻܲȥ
ѦǸСƵ̣²ֻСûпǸոֻĸܵĺӣ
ôСӣܳôһš
Ҳ԰ɡ
Ѧ鿴ֻ̱۾С̣ͻȻССˣСС̺Ҳ˯ġ
СǿЩɡ
ţ뺢˰ɣһ뵽ǸڵСһ۾ֳ︡Ц⡣
δܸСèҵĸףѦһ뿪ϣɫӿ˽µٶȣڸϦ֮ǰҵ˰ĳ
ձѦ£ﴫĿ޺֮СС
Сһôˣ
ѦϽϣһǿڸϻˣ⺢Ӳ޳ʲôˡ
Сһ޵ÿˣ۾ȫһˮʵģҪԼɤӿˡ
Ѧո뿪ǻСԼҡСϷˣȵҹﶼԼףѾֵĲӣ˽죬Ǳ˵˼£ԼҲ
ѺӱڻʱСһܵϤϢĿֹȻٿˣȴСһӤʵСдίһһĴá
ԣˣڡ

ѦһίСֶգѦСһϤĲ˹һҡҡģС̵ע
⺢Ѧһִģڶĺܣò±ԼţСצץסһƳ뿪


178 ͷ
ѦǼСֶգһֱ嵽ҹСһƽúܣ˵ݵһޣ߸裬һţǱһ˵С⡣
ĥԼǰҲȥŰѽŽ
˴޳һȺСӻˬ·˵ƵˬۣСһġ
СĻ̧Сȶһ־סͷһͼץԼĽѾ档
Ѧ鿴ѵùɵĶӣǸпۼСӹ˺öࡣ
ҲϹˡ
СӾԽԽˣǰ⺢ӻܶʱǸԱ˯˯˳ԵҸСȵĸ´ʱֻСͿʼˡ
ѽѽϣС첲СȶԽľʮ㣬СĺģʼҪ̽硣
ǼССỹرϲע˯˵ʱǸСԹԣһѹҪ棬ҪȻվȣȴϲҸ£վڵһһ͵ģ·¡
ǹ˺ܶ࣬ίء迴ŻǸСֶգҲͻȻЩϰˣСºϲѽѽ˼첻ţ˵ߺĿתڰֿġ
ѦտǼССᣬżСһϸ۵СצӣСֶȻǸСֶգССһֻճȭͷʱ򣬻ûһͷССָͷķ·һ۾Ͷϣϧ
ʮһſһÿĻȣںڵͫʼ󣬺ĵķڱʯƵĹˮˮģĶҪˡ
ССᣬǵǲãԺ󲻶ô˺òã
СѽѽӦ˼Ҳ֪˻û
ҹﰲγǵһҹٸСԺס£֪СԺԡ֮󣬾ʹŻСȥˮССԼҵˮ֮ԭ޾ɵĹ˼£С첲СȶˮԽԽ˷ܣҲָ˻ԼˮﹰȥҪˮǱˮҲߺѽѽĽиͣ
ȴӳιЩҩ̸֭СֶնʱĺøжȽ㣬ѦĻﹰ
ѽѽţҪˣ
ѦԽʵСӣС״뿪ȥֻСèȴֱСץͷš
СצסͷţС۾ǳԵǲҪˣҲ׼ߣ
ΣֻСһߣ˴ཱུСǲҪͷ޶ͺĸʰ
СѽžסԷںڵĳӣѦĻţȻ裬ȴͷץýġ
ѦСһ˰κ󣬲ŰС˯ˣһСϣ˯񾲣Сצﻹץͷ
轫ԼͷСħͯצȳ
Ǵ˵è̽רȥѰЩҰɽˮιСȻССģȴʮ㣬˼Ҳûزۣ׳ĳɳѦ鿴ẹ̀ŲòпСӳ̫ˣֲԺܳ
СʼһɫԼһϡë
ȡ˸ֽйСԲһȥСèԺ򻨹ȥڹе
үǲȥô˴ȥˣȥǵ·ߺĲһɵ÷ʡ
˰֣Ϊ߸ʡ·̡
Ҳ֪߸ǼǰϾǣƹǣת£¶һȦϾǡ
Ǹõط׳־ƣйɻڴĹ£н״ԪţľͱһˮأϾǲμӿƿľǣԸԶ·Ҳȥһ¡
һÿȥµȻΪȥȷˮΪ˱ܿͷ
СͷҲ׵ܵڸ
죬ҲֵܴСͲԸĸ޵ģһҪ£СʱҲǸͷ࣬ŲСĵܵѵܹһףСθڵܵǰʮֵ
СʱΪ˸˭˭Ե࣬ǰԼԳɸӣ˴СʲôȣȣȾ񡭡ԣ˶Ҫ˭Դֵȥ֮󣬰ֹү
ֵһյһ𣬾˫˫ûӡ
İӶ֮󣬰ֻʣһСŮͷҲ֪զ£һһʮӣƫƫûһŮ
òĲɧġ
һʼҰдţÿһӾдһΣһͱö֮Ҳû˼Ͼ˲ǳֵܣ˼׶ӶˣԼܹȥҫΥ壬ȻӶ֮ФŮˡ
ФͷŮ
˵ҵӻҵСͰյ֮󣬲ȥķش
ҲԨԴջǻھǰϾ;ԸԶ·Ҳȥڵĵ̡
һΰƨƨߵȥһǳĳЩ˵С˼
һӣаɣǾȥ绹ǻھǼˡ
ү׼ֻȥ˸Ÿһ·Ͼǡ
ߺ˿¡
ǹȥӵģ¶Է
һҪȥͷĽʺޡ
ĳֱŹٵֱȥûתȥ£Ϣ˴ŴС
ʱʮѾȴһӵ˶ɵˡ
ôƣ
Դӵ֪ԼװĺøһԼ׶ֶ֮޵ĺģ˵԰òƽӹªʵĵ˼Կֶ󣬼˶Сֶͬ顣
һζԷϾȥ̫̫٣ôҲҪһĺֶ
˳ҰٴҫһѣԷһԼӣԼʮǴȣӮˡ
ˣ
үѾ쵽ˡ
żתȦȦ϶Ҫݣӱ˸ȥһҪðһ£㱸ݳѴӶȫлʰȥ
ǡ
ʰж޶ʱ򣬿ʹѣǰ׼˺Щͨͨûˡ
¸һԳҰ޶ѾŽԳȦˣŰһ˳ȱ书˭֪
˭֪һȫʧȥô
үԳ¹Ҫץ𣿡
ˣɡŶͷ̾
ǻжòܻص
һΪѣүһЯĶ̫ˣ첻
Ӳ
ʱѾ׼ϾǣֹƷҲͨͨ˳ҪȥһӣǡǰС
ʵ˵Ҫòܵɣ
ܱȰһ
һǶã
һ졣
ѿˡ


179 ǽ
Ȼһ˱ǰһִ︧
һ˸ﻻһƵװ磬Լİͬʢװ磬ͬһֻӭųĴ󹫼һ㣬ֱȥ
󣬶ʱɵˡ
ǰȻȥ¥ա
ľˣǰʢװİˡ
ʿŵˣǼүأ
ǰȥˡ
ƿڶȥ
ȥȥȰ
Ƶĳܵܡ
ֵܹȻͬһ޵ĺ
Ťͷү֪˺αصǻֱȥ¡
һҫһȥƴˡžүҲԸһ
ѿˡ
ϻܵƺȻ߽⡣
ˣֱϾǰɡһ룺ˣҲ
ھǳ绹ϡ
ξȷŹ
ȻЦãҲֵУôƵʡ·̣ǵĹѾԸˡ
Сֶڵſô죬Ѿһ궯С֣ѽ趼ʧȥȤζ
ľȻͷҲǲеңϾ
үүǧȵȣۼүˣ˵һҪڸۼүѾڻظ·ˣܵ
үϻ
˶˻ϻظѵǳԱû¸ɣ
ۼүѾ·ˣ밲Եһ졣

ЪϢ
Ǿʹ·ɡ
ǳ˳飬ҿǸ߹ֵܡ
һǱЪ£Ѧ鱧Сֶգ߻˸ĸһȥͷι䣬͸磬ĸȫ泩
ԴϴСӿ˴֮Ѧ᲻뿪Ṧ·ˣֱ鵢飬ܼʱصӵߣСֶ̫С벻˵ʱܲܶºӶȥң
ֵСӱűڻһƨԼ׵ϣһץ˸˹ģһצӷϱۣСԴĴÿһط˺ġ
һĴۿʱƫͷѦ飬ֿЦһ£ӨĿˮ˳ǻ䣬Ҳǿʼˣ΢΢ףðС׵㡣
С˳־еĲ˹סˣСһߺĲĸĦգСΪĲ
ȵֱߵס֮СӹȻϵĲ
СץʲôͼԼΧ˶Ҫϸ
ĽֵһŸɫСʳʲôţ⵶桢Сͷͷʽӡɻ֡滨֡ϲ֮ӦоУѦȥЩǳӺ滨֮СʳͶι衣
СĿתĶŽɫǳӣС۾͸СԼƵģĿˡ
ſҧ滨ֵʱŷཱུС鲻ԽҲŴȥſ죬ȵˣСһתͷÿͰ͵ڴĿѦ飬ſſˮȴͶι
Ѧ鵱ȻЩι
Сӵڴ˿ա
ֻ޵СֶĹ˽ӣСίίģ軳һһߵӡ
ԲóԵĶǶСֶĲ̡
豧Сһ˺壬ѦԺĥСιԡ
ˣǼССԵö࣬ѾӸʳˣֻǿϧûСֶճԲʲôóԵĶ
Ծһ
ҪȺҩ̡֭
ίˡ
´һҪ̡
ԱߺСֶʵϳ֮ԼҪҰˣڸɩߣʮڣڽôô䣬үһԣϵӺѾҲڶ߶߶Ȱȥ
뵽Լʮһ磬ǰӶ֪˶ꡣ
磬ɩӣȥǱ߹£
лͷñӣҪҪϣϲ𣿡
СֶѽѽģһɫĻͷñӡ
ڸйһȦ֮ʵĴբзȥٽзʵӣĴբзǵصļƷζ֮һѦ˼ͰзȥзʵʱССᣬܶԣһҪԹ
żͰзصѦբзԼɫзưззƶзϺѡȵȣҹƷзõĴբзٺɫɫŨޣԱŸɫףγεĴˮƮż㽪˿׵зǹޱȡ
Աߵ˳з⡢Ʒзơ𣬶СֶֻܺûûζˮһįĺòģټϽճСֶ軳СȶƢ
ι˵Ƹԣǿ̰Сһ
˳ԵзƣԵǵƣҺɫ࣬СΪԵһĶɵɵıסˡ
ΪʮʢϷҲϷżϷӣڼң͵İеϷ˳ܴܵɵˮ̨ϣһƷзһ͸̨ϵϷ롣
СֶҲ̨֪ѽѽʲôһ𰡰ѽѽûꡣ
ͦܵġɵøп
үϲҲؽϴ̨һϷӡ
ˡҪһᱻ˺
ҵʱ糾Ϳӱ޸·صһ·ĵûķʱɢˡ
ȵĳϻظʱһɫ㲼ˣҲͬܵ˴ݲУӼӵɨʱ뵽У
ͣ٣ȥׯϴոµķװ󣬲ʩʩȻȻص
ԴԵǻؼңôԼȥһ
һſӭԶĳܵܣһҪվԼߣ׼һܿǸ
裺
ֻεĴ˸˼
һƿӣȻһѹѹͷо׼ԼͷҲǸܵܡ
ͬģվͷİˡ
ŵİ£٣׿ʣûȺ˵ĴڣȻǸϲ˵տأ۾һû˸ͷĶһֻΪǰſ͡
ϹȻӼˡ
ķҲ϶Ҳе䡣
ҲȻܰ
֪׵ܵһѰ˼Ҫǽšˡ
ֵһ棬˵ʮܵı˱Գһ˵õĳ滰Χ˼ƤðһƬ
õĺ˵֮󣬾Եʱˡ
ԼҵĶһ߰-ųһţò𾴵ʺãһһ߰-ŶǳʮĶӣҲӢ꣬úãСʱֱ̫˸θȥˡ
ȡԼĽѵļӿûǳ֣ȳƵ͡
ʮģԽʮǫʮλǳ˼ҵģһСꡣ
ɸߵ͵һ߰-壬ð̲סֱ顣
ԱվŵҲͬÿ۽硣


180 
ӣҲˣȻֻһӣҲʮ㡣
Ŀɨһšɸߵ͡ϣԲͷԲԵģʮֺƣշƵϲ࣬ǰһʩͬһ塣

ɴ۾ŵĿǰԸӣȵȣޱȣǰλ˾ȻǰӣͷĶӣ
Ͽ¿ҿôǰλò׵궼ǳĶӡ
մθôܻ˿ŵĶӣ
һڹҿЦ
Բϵ
еľȺޱʣôԷǰӣܻһζˡ
Ҿʮ㣬һܶʮ
֣òڿЦʮֺɡ
üҿʲôЦ
ͷƫ裬ֶ̿ñ
ֱֶ֪кɫ̥ǣǲǹðһ֪
裺
Ҫôͣ
Ƿ𣬾Լʤһ
ʮгĵȴź鷢չǰֱϾûкɫ̥ǡ
ҲԽˣһμ棬ȻŪΪҡ
һۿƵзļơ
ֱ̧ۣҪƿȴסˡ
üľλҲźİĿȫ۽
֣㲻ˣҵֶгñɣ˫ֲʮֵⶶ˶Сӡ
裺

ֵԼҵĶӣرԼҸ񣬵Ű̥֮ȷʵʧ
ܵܣͲϸҶòϸ۾
°ͣȷʵòЩ죬·Ƶģ
ԺѰ˼˰ΣͻȻȻƵġŶһԺ˵ģɩӵĵܵܡ
ĪǾֶ
ΪʲôҪҸٵƭ㣿
һʱ
ŶΪʲôҪҸƭСɩ˺Ƥ
ǰ裬ϸĴԷ٣кһĽͷĶҲ᳤̫ˣҸĸŵ̳С
һòȣԼĶӶԼһһ߰-˲䱻ȥ
ÿСҲ
ڶӳһϣȻͷתҰοڶӵϣôҲȲ
̲ס᣺ҿүӣֶģɩɩ㡣
ʲô˼ѵ𣿡
ǣ֣ҪǱģ籾úá
ĻΣΣԶȲϵġ

˵˵žͰ·ͯƵģÿοĻ棬;۾Ҳ˶䡣
СﱧڻͯɵӣѽѽžԼ۾Ͷþˡ
СԹԣǧүү
ѽ
ҹᣬӭԶĹͣΪӷϴһӷϴֱ֣ҪЦ
˭Ϊ˭ӷϴ
ʮץŰһڣԼһѺöɣ²ͼһǸʮһܰ˸ſ¡
ǺŰ֣ϹƣľλƣȻЩ˵ǾƣʵϾǶơ
ԼһܸɵĹΪ˼۸ֶӣֻԼĶַмǷ
Ӷడ
ʰߡ
Ÿӻɲſλŵֶ
żƵóѵЦݣλҲͬյ˸ʾ˸һ̧֣ʮ̳Ӿƹһ˸裬ߺȾƣ͵ô룡
֣ȣܾܵһ
ҵӱΪֻǿȼ룬˵ԼʤʱټȰƣֱӰѶԷſ£˭֪ǰλŰ¿ɾ޺־Ȼ˵ľ߲ܡ
ΪյľƶҾơ
Ӻ˼¶ǣѾЩͷ裬Ǳߵ־ȻԽԽһߺžƣеĿҲûͣ
׳˶ٶ
죬еľյĿ벻ֻۻң˿ϡͫǰ֣Էɫɣ̬ŵ΢Ц
еѣֶŽ˲ˣʮ̳ƹ
ȳԵʱѾԼǰ˻þΪʲôǸʮ˳ԹľƲˣȻûжԷ˳Եöࡣ
˺ȵľƣʮ˻ࡣ
ૣȻӡ
Ըӿֲ˹
ˡ
洫θ
ɲɲ
˼츳
߲϶ƣʲôɻȰƴȫˣȵ࣬ͷۻĹӳܲסѾ˷ȥЪϢˣǱ߰һӼҾ죬ڻ԰һߣҲĵʮֻȡ
Ѧ鱧ССڰߣһ檺λӵĹˣԼȨķǣŵĺܣʼЩ˵ǰЩ¶ζı顣
Ǹ˫ֲǹٻ֮ңܼ޸ΪĽ˵ͬʱֶ˼ֿϣλز˶á
λӵĳģȣδĲ϶ٲˡ
λ΢ôס
λʼѦ飬ΪҲ벻ðָۣɣļ˼䣬Ѧ֮󡭡Ҳûʲô֪˵ϾѦСĻʮֵҲûھլЩŮ˫Ǳ̨ʱ˽ܡ
Ȩ֮ŮİȻЩ˻Ĳƣĳô˼䣬ЩŮ˫ˡ
Щ˱ҲҰѻѦϣЦ˵Щ¡
Ҽλӵķ˵ʱѦĽѣͬүĶϱ˼ҵķǰӣһ˲ţòڣ˫Ȼһ㣬ȴܰϲһҲðӵĶ衣
Ѧ֣¶Է˼УȺķԷﲻ̹ȻȰϸҶϱ󣬲ŷֶԷûнЩ鵱һ¡
Щ¶
ĸôˣѦЩĲЩĻҲһ©һ䣬ľͰѹעתͻССϣ±˿С˼͵ǱߵʱҹĿ͵͵һۺ󣬾͵ͷССᡣ
С۾ͬͷ
ûʲôƳСаЦСֲñԵġ
Ǳ߰ڰʮ˺ſ£Ųס˵ʱ򣬰ͬҲŲסˣӭǰȥŮȥѾ
ȵߵѦߣְǼ˯ССᱧ
Ѧչȥһ£ûŵʲô˲ŶԷȥľƸͲθֻǹˡ
ʮֻС
Ѧ벻ͨҷƣĵʲô
һޡ
תһ룬ʵͦõģʱѦҲһ©ƵθԽȥĶ͸©һܹζɣ֡
ͷ㶷ƿ϶ûӮ㡣
Ϊס
ҶӮ
ˣСС᳤Ǹɡ
ڶ죬ʮְûڣкڲʲôӦøͷȳԺȣοԷһʤķͰӡ
Сֶ
ԷһŵӣӦǲͨ䣬ҵжӦϳ۳ҡ


181 
ԭƻŵ˸Ϣһͬ·ȥǣϾ̫̫Ѿã·ϵˡȻǻ۶ӣ˵ˬֵܺòһˣдˣ밲һͬμԡ
ڳʮһΧԳһзķ˶ֱգ׳ĺʱ
˭ҵж䣿ټһ·ϣ·;е͸һ˵ҪȥԣȻ֪Էп죬ǰԾɱ˵Щ⶯Ӧ롣
Է϶ûġ
ͼǸˣһ͵ʴף϶ҪôһسӣȻǰ㶼µġ
䣿
Ⱦͱȣ
ǰڻʹʱ򣬰Ҳƴ书书ϣ඼ǰռͷݵռƣԼһӣ׻һӣϣֽʩչҲûаǰӢ˲
Դ˹ڻŻԼķŪһΧԳʮû书ϰѾǸˣȴǻҪ߳
ͬģʮӣҲ˵õ书
ߺߵĵ⣬ڽˮ֮شô꣬ͰĹ˰ɣӶ䲻š
ĶĶŵģҲûΣΧֻ˳ĸƣ
ʱԱ֮£һҪݺݵĳЦ
˼ȡү
硣
һ˵Ҫʲôܹ֮һֵˣһղɺ£ۼҪˣҪƽ׶¶ˣҪ̫̫ĸڰǰһҪðͷ
ˡ
ΧûȤԭǲԸǰȥѦȴʮָȤӦǰȥû취ˣֻøһͬǰȥҪڶϱ߻ñİè۵ǰ˵ЩĻ˺˶Ӷϱĸ顣
ȻԼҶӶϱĸõúܣ˵ʲô˶Ǹ罺Сģ
ʮںʧõĶӣŰݼڣԶϱѦͬصĺܡ
û취ˣҲֻܸȥˡŻСּһСӣϱѦҪȥĻСӿ϶Ҳһȥô뿪С
ԵƵɽɪ紵ϣһˬо·˵ҲűˣžҪзıܡ
˰ңиĲٹٻӵҲԣͬģоеʿԼ֣֮⣬иֹ˵ȼҾС˫ͬҲμԣЩС˫ȻΪȥԳȥԣΪ˼һЩԳſӢɡ
˵˾ڴпۣؼü˵ȥ
Իϣ඼ҵĹӴͷϾҵλߣеĹǸҲÿС书˵ãȻԻϴŹʣϲֳ档
˳޵ĶĺöӰ
ϲֿ佱Ļ
һһҪŰԣҲΪðԼöԳϴŹʵһ棬ҪĽʺޡ
ү𣿡
쿴ǱߣүӡӶǱߣ
˵Ҳڣ
ӣģ
֪幫ģǶ˵Ⱥľ幫ӡ
˵ÿ
ǸмǸ˭ҵĹӸ磡
ΧڳھǴһ˽ƽĹСͱϵĺýۣЩ󵨵ģŤͷ۾ϵһӢɵϿȥ
ҵĹ˹мӣ߷ֱǶӺ֮һˣ˶ڸ˵ȴһŰޱȵİס
ҵĹӹȻӢ
ү̵з
ܼ޸ҵĹӣǼֱҡ

ϴſƲסЦݣһ͵ĿԼһѶǣŸ˵紺棬泩
ǸȺмǸ˭úÿ
ҲҵĹӸ𣿡
ѵ߹ӣ
̫ˣɻûУҵΪͨͨ
ǲҵĹӣǰӣ
ʲôǰӣ

ʱյЦݽӲˣҲȺеλ꣬Էòȣ·ȻΧ˶һƵģȺһ۱ע⵽
۾һ۽ϣΧеҲһ㡣
ͻȻһֲ̫õĸо
ֶ̫ÿǡЩС˫ֻ֪ǲеġ
չַɡ
Ѧ鱧žȵСֶڰߣ۾һϵˣ߱һֱ׷ǰϣԷһƥ¸߿İȻһ£ȴϤ׹ۣһɫ侢װ
ԭٲ㴹īʱ߸ߵԺ󣬳βɾĴ
Ĵ磬Էγе쾡£խʲƽ˼
ЦߵѦߣѦֱֱĿֲϵӡ
ҷ̫Ӣˣ
ѦƲסķ
ôֱĿң
Ѧգգ۾Ϊÿ
һԵİŽ쳣ʵĶӣҲ˰ΣҲǹƽһɵİ´磬ͻȻһװ磬ʱǰһĿһ¡
ҶӺÿ
ипѣڵͻȻл˰ŵֵܣһ档
ÿͶ࿴ۡЦŴѦĻӹǸ͵Сֶա
Сֶ΢΢ſ죬¶ϵС׵㣬ڿԼҵʱҲʱЩϡ
ֵצӰϤĻУСһͷ裬ںڵĴ۾͸Ÿɾ¶Ĺâ
ѽ
ҵ
Ѧ飺
ѦʶҪס۾Ī軳Сֶĳ嶯ΪӢķСӣ⻭ʵǡ
ʵ˲ֱӡ
⸸ϳðһֺϢ
ֶܻʡ
һ˵վʱֻ˾þޱȣٳССᱧڻʱ򣬶ӷཱུСͯɵӣһװòγǿҵķ
Ѧ̧ͷ죬ԼĶͷֱ״
ͨͨѹںЦ
ҷⱲֵĵˣССᡣ

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ҫ۵Ҫҵ߹ӣ߹٣ÿڱ˻ߵϣۼȫ˵Ľ㣬һЦ¹ɫļʸವһƿն׼ȷԶİġ
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۾ȭȭ֮ģһԵİϵİԼҶһѹϳ󣬾Ȼ޶ԡ

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Ѧڰߣĸ˵ССѾ˯Сཱུģ¾
Ŷһκ㣬Ҳ˴ɢƵģƤӴܣϾҪȥܹˡ
ԷС׵ģʱЦˣ˵İɣ㻹ӲҪ
ѾȺӵĽԳͨȻԳԻ̧ϸп䡣
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Ѧһ⻰̶̬ȣֱֱϣСԴΣŬȥﱼܵǣֻϧȴӶû֡
Ĺȫ֮ء
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ЩӷʷʵһţȴǻĺܣѾϰ˸ּʸߴһ˱Ⱦܡ
ѦһССǣ²ȻûܺƣСѾ˵ݰݣԼĽȥˡ
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̫ˣ̫ˣӶ䲻
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¶֮һӰûǵӰӡ
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184 
ĵǰǷǶǳ
ע⵽˰ӷ˵ĸ飬ֵ˫ȫвŻȻȢֻһͨƽ˫ȴǸݲõ˲㡣
߻вٹŮҪϰӣЩ˵ԸעҪ˿ա
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Ѧ鲻Ϊʲôᵽǰ˵һ仰
ȻסѦ֣ʮָ̧ۣͷǰӣЦŻشˡ
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۾һ˿Ľһ㣬Ȼ˴ûܣҲûȴòͬһ˵ྴ׻Щʲô
ԺӺתȻȻһ㣬ȴǼ൱ҲǾٰüͬ۵ļż
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磡磡ɩӣɩҲⰡ磬㿴Եһֻӣ
ԶǰӳϤӰ˷ܵǰһƥȵְ͵ĸ˵ָΪѵСܼСŷӻǰߡ
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Цǰɩɩջķᡣ
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ûǼССᡣ
ѦĿĿУСȻѡĿ⣬Ҳ֪۹⣬иĬ
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͡

Ѧ̧죬ɣ뵽ҲƤ񣬻˰ɡ
ҺЩ˾û죬㼯ĳǣҪһˡ


185 ־
ѾϵҶ𽥱ƣݻƵҶ㣬ɫҶƬһأʻʱǲǲ죬ƿ͵羰ʱżҶ˳ųƮ
ڸ³֮󣬰һ¶ߣǰǰԼССᣬһޱȡ
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ץôӣȫһϾˡ
·ϼ˸ҰСܣŮһӡ
ûͱ֮ûðӷŻȥҲԲЩӣɴСһ·ˣٰһɽȣʱͰЩ򻨹
߶߶ڰǰ˵ԼĴ㣬ǿסûдŮΣһһһһȥҲ֪ǻٰʱСûڲڣ
СԽ˵Խˣһ˵Ҫ򻨹ӣһ˵Ҫ˵ҲҪг˵˵ţԱ߻˯ϵѦҲ˵üɩԺһ
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Сֶհһ·ѽſˮӨӨ۾ɨԱеˣԱ˵עȫֻСֶյϣʱͲˣ
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СԾÿԵࡣ
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Ѧƿӣһ𿴾ǵĳˮ治ӽ£ĵ·ļãȫǴʯ·ʻɫʯ·ϣ˵ֽѾϦˣֵϵĦ࣬
ڵİֱǧȫ˴ִ̣߽ĻɫǺ«ʱǰǳ޳еĴٹ˱ضǡʻһׯϵլһǰھǵ׻ֶõúܣʹһլӸ
ǰ;Уİҷֵ
ڷֱǰ˵֮žǵһԲʫӾʶྩǵӵܣʮĵ뾩ǵĹ幫ӽȦ
ǺܸȤ
İѾǰɨ׼ˣѦЪߵһľСԺ䣬һ˴ִĿĵغһŨŨƣϮģ·ЩӣûܳԵ
Ѧϴ֮վھǰ˱ԼϲķԼ˲٣ͳʱǻȣˮһСȦ
ѦСҡźСβᵽȥϸϸԼҷһڣԭ͸ݣʱ忴ʲô仯һļĶֵʮƽȣѦԼĶӣźķԼһļżڱ仯Ķ仯
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Լϸһ·СԣСֻӥҲɹϮʣһֻϬӥ˵ھ֮ƾֵֻĸӥȥ
Ψһ˵ļһѦڰ·ϼֻСèСһҲ֪ʲôһһģļ죬ڰ׵ëһһ鳤ԭСҲѾ˱仯չʮԵĺȦʾݡ
ССһԡ
֮Сһﱻ԰ԵСֱߡ
軻һ·֮󣬾ͷҷվھʮֳȥұ࣡
Цߵߣȷʵʵ˲٣ʮ㣬ҲãҪ붬ˣʺ졣
Ѧ飺ܲô˱˵ô
һ˵Ѧ鱧ֱ࣬طľҹ䰡ԼĻһ㱡¼̰ؼȡӶԷϴ¡
ЦűŻȡůСһ˴ô䣿ǿҪھǹˡ
Ѧĵ̾һĻô⣬϶᳤졣
ֶŵӣȻҪڱԳԺȺȡ
ҿﻹ㡣ѦڶԷĻﹰ˹жԷæůѵĻôĺҲô¡
ִﾩǵϢܿ㴫˹ȥ̫̫ˣϲ޲̼ӡԼӣҹ㰲̫̫ĸţֱԷﾡ̸ʧɢ걻һصİӡ


186 
㰲۽ʮ꣬Ȼʵӣǰλλнðտҫ
ĸ˵˰춼õܵ飬㰲гζϾһ˹ɲΪĸһˮȫǾġ
ҲǻĸĴӡ
һٷ̫̫˵ü価ˣȥˣĪСӰ˺ô˻ϲ
⺢˿డ֪ǳǳ
ҵһǸӢӡ
⺢Ѿɻˣ˸ӹ
û뵽Ҳүү͡

ʵ۰˵ô࣬ôͲ˵һ仰
㰲۵޵ĺͻĸһڴռСõܡ
㰲Ȼô˵ʵȴǺڴǸʧɢ걻һصõܣԷС䳤ȵϹﳤĺӣҲ㲻öô㣬һĸɱڴߣʧǡ
Ȼ㰲ŤŤ˵ԼõܣʵҲǶ˺úܣҪȻҲ۰Ͱ͵ܵĸǰһϺͰйصķϻԼ˴̳ӡ
ˣΪ½˵ô߶Ȼȥȥʺɡ̫̫˰֣һùͶģҪѻʵ۸ˡ
㰲ۣ
㰲Ƶ̫̫߳޹ȥ˻ʺĹһߣһԼҲ֪ôˣ㰲ܾ۵ʮǽ̫ҽ̫ҽҲֻöϢ̲壬ȴԾûܻ˵ۡ
Ҳ֪Ť㰲ۺȻ˻һ
̫ˡ
׳꣬ôᱳʹ
ʺͨ¼ݵ˶ӭӣ㰲۰˰ֽЩŮȫˣͻʺƫԲ𻰡
⣬㰲۽Ъڻʺʺе̫๬Ůȫʮָˡ
ǵٹȫϡ
ʺ㰲ޣҲǸ񣬻ʺԴ壬ǾĹ֮ŮһһйأһλʮͻݵĻʺ
ʱ򣬺㰲ϣλʺ̫ͻݡ
¸մ̫̫ǹ
ǡ㰲ۿǰЦ̵Ļʺ󣬺ȻһתһϮͷеŻʺ֣ϵ˵˽ڻĸйذӵĻ
ô֮ǰдӵ£ʺƺҲ԰ӺܸȤ׷ʡ
㰲ڻĸһӵĻֽԻʺͬһӵĻԵٵ㰲ؿʼлԼλûõܡ
õܺͻձҪ

㰲ۺͻʺ˵˴죬˵˵˶ˣֱ˯˹ȥֱڶһ糯
㰲۱۾ɻʺźŴ˳˫ֲźۼİ˰һҹϢԾ۵ĺܡ
£糯ˡ
ڶ׼ʹһ㻻һոµɫӷ·ǰͽΪģ֮һֱûֱӻϡ
⸴ӵӷһһ㣬ϵƻĺܣɫΪϵ׺ɫ°룬һ·˵ޱȡ
ΪϷҪ󣬽޽ǻСһͷɫУɫķ˳īĳһ·¡
軻ӷӨ׵ѣЦüĿŲԶѦ顣
Ѧͬһ·ƵΣϸλҪһЩҡҡλεĹźЩΣѦһߴ·һ߾ԼڰһһԪϡ
ͷϺϼʮһ·Ҳ̫ˡ
Ѧע⵽ǱߺЦԼ裬һ죬ƽһС𤵽ԷȥȴԼⶣһﻹܵ
ֻöׯصСߵүߡ
ʧЦѦ鱻ЦӺˣ߳ŭСһȦЦˣ
ܳ𣿡
ͷ󣬺ܺÿ
ŶԷͳԸеѦ쵽˶ȥһ鶯Ϸ·֬Ƶģͷһͼ϶ԷĴꡣ
Ѧͷһƫ˶Էǡ
ôأȻҪ̫̫ͣȻҪôˡ
ڲףɴ۾Դǵ
úúãײˡ
Ϊܵķ򣬲ʲôģȷʵÿæǿֻڲףȻٲϡ
ţ֤ϡ
۵Ļ·֮Ѧ黹ھǰϸϸ˰죬ȱŵʱѦ黹ԾԼƤһҪһ㣬һ㣬ٺһ㣬񾩳ǵĳǽʵǧҪڳǰ࣬ŵ˵
һԺţʢװİһΣͬҫĿǿεɩɩԴŵľе磬·ÿ
ЦôƽͲÿˣ
ÿÿ紩ʲô·ÿɩɩҲÿɩվһر䡣͸ĨƵģ춼ǿҫԵرĳ⡣
ĳĻ϶ᱻѵġ
һϣСԾ˿ͷ֪ԼһҪɩɩġ𡱴ȡ
ϡŮôԽԽˣĸ㣬϶Ҫ˻ˣСƢˡ
ǰǼҵСЩݲԴ˸֮ԽԽˡ
ССҲһϲѣԲཱུСԽϲ˾Ц¶СﱧڻһѦ飬ѽѽ󱧱
ѦӶСצȴֻ߹ȥһܾ˶ӵ󱧱
ԹԵﱧš
Զ
ޣ

һȺһ˳빬ڰİ컹ûʱ򣬱ѾһķΣ鲻ԸĽμ糯ǣľһ㣬ʮֲʱ˳ѰҲѣԼ·С죬
ŵʱ˼磬ӣӭ洵ϵ磬¶ĵȼڼҳƲ糯
̫̫Źе԰Űһˣʺ밲֮󣬱żλ̫̫û뿪
ʵʲôʱ³
أǵ¶ࡣ

̫̫ӹŮ˫Ĳ裬һСڣеĲ裬Լǰ̺԰ؾԼǸСͲʡĵСӰ
ҵӣʲôģأ
һ·ˡ
˵ĸǲ֪⺢˭ˣ̫̫ü۴ЦЦһȰһ˵Ŀ佱֪Щ˵ǳ滰̵ȴԾøˡ
ӻСӴСǸѵĵƤ챻ѵڹϷ߶˵ǳԷˮ⺢ӳԵö࣬ʢȫһЪס궯֮ͷ˾͹״̫Ҳĸףԭ̫̫͸̫񣬺ΪԵĺӶ̫ͷ󣬷ˡϧ˹ϵ
ʧɢ䳤ĺӣ᲻ҲԸһ


187 ԰
ͨعţһڴǰڹŮָ̫һ·ߵ԰һ·Ρ룬󹬵жᵶѲ߿أдĴҴҵĹŮǰͷ϶űյ̣С̫һУ
ѦֻƳ˼ۣܸоеĹɭϣ鲻Խ˹ȥ
֪ĻˣסѦ߳亹ƣĻڴйɵ࣬Էϵѹ
ߣ̫̫ۼء
ϣλүɣģ濡
ߡµ̫༷ӵЦݣűɤǰ·Цź̸˼仰תʱһСŮСײɤһѵ·ŵ㣬ɲܾŹˡ
ǡǡŮСĵͷȥ
԰ȱŵһĻ㣬ܵǴʱõĽɫľջһһصĻȱȽǣһʻΧĻ԰ŽأɪУǰĻȴ˷·Ϊ˴һ
Ż㽻֯΢ζһʢɫŵĻڷв꣬Ѧظо˲١
κξǻ̫ˣ塣
ѦҪ̧һӣȴ־⶯ţջסˣʱԱߵץסһϢ˳ŶԷֽ뵽ľΪ֮һ
ƹɰعʯ߹ʯ·棬ǰԶǧͤԾȻΧһڹˣ̫̫ʱͤеȺǣϻŻʺˣ̫ȵ۶ȥѾˡ
űһںЦߵ̫̫ǰȵ˵˼ɻ󣬲Ŵ˸̫̫
̫̫Сųģĸ״̫̫ǰȻҲǸħһȥСҲԵСֻּԺҪȢͦ첻ߵļһְֺ޵ġ
ΪܳСӣСʱ飬𣬺һһ׵ģ͸ĨƵģŮƾѧӣ߻ֺˣСʱ򱻺űԷŻֺţԴԺʱҲͬԺ޸ⰲֻⱲӶٿԷ
ʮʱ˴һܣ¶ĴԶ޳ʱͼˣܹҪǸҼޱˣӾ͸ף
ϡͿĻһˡ
ǰϤİ԰Լͷ˿̫̫󣬰ͷһᣬ鲻ԽԺ̫̫֡󻹺ᣬׯйʺĴҴܵİ԰ץԲأ֮󱻳̫ӵײ̫ӵϳɣʮϣŵܾܵͱ㿪ʼѵ첻µزµİԼ׸磬βͰһ
ѾʱǨ˷ǡ
пۿ΢졣
Դһ˳̫̫ǰܸ֮оΧ˵ȫϣЩѦϣ־ʹĿ⣬̫̫ڿʱ䶨ϣѾŲĵطȥˣȻڸ˵۾ȴǿ
̫̫ģеĲ࣬һׯӺݵ̫̫һɫ͵Ĺ͢װ磬ͷ˿ķ٣ȻƤѾʧȥʱƤµĹȴܿԷʱ޹ھǵò
ֶǾ߹ûĸ
ǰȥֱվͬһͦɰأ𺳣ٱÿһ˶޲ѡ
⺢ӣҲ̫˰ɡ̫̫֮ǰŹӵ飬Ĺһӣ᲻Ҳǹģڼӵ˼ҡ
Ȼĵһۣ֪⺢ӵݾ٣⺢ӵòƫȴҲŰʱӰӣ⺢ӱĸûҪÿҪ٣ǸɵȥҵôһĶӡ
˴Ǽ˵ģĹĸȺﲻһĴˣڼǰ˵ʱȴԾɸнڲסľޡ
̫̫Ǹ̾ΪԼУ㰲۵òãȴû뵽õܾȻøʤһ
ΪʲôҵӶôÿأ
ӳúÿҲ˷ǰ̫㰲ѡ㣬ִŮòĻʵۺÿʼϱóͬʱҲǵĶӣӣʲᱻɫա
̫̫֮Լԣе˶ԷСʱ顣
һԵĹ˻ССᱧ̫̫ǰ̫̫ӺǾϲѣرϡذСֶձڻУСһЦˣ⺢ӳÿװ
ССᱻ̫̫ڻźɫĴ۾һŷཱུСޱȣյݣĵʱѽһ¶С
Ӻ̫̫֮ע⵽ԼһϱѦ飬ԷĳȻȻǸͨ˼ҵ˫ղ⵽üĿ飬һ֪Թε̫̫֪˵ĸ
ܰһ̫̫֪ϱҲġ
˫ò󷽣Ҳͦϲģ̫̫Ҳеǰ˼䣬ȡһִ˶Էϣ̫̫̬ȻˣĹѦ˵ʱ˲١
Ѧʱо࣬Ҳûʲôµġ
̲ס̧ͷ裬ȴֶԷҲںЦѦವһ£ֿʼڴԼƤ㣬ٺһ㣬ǧҪ졭
յ糯ıȽʵ۵ļλ㰲ȻҪڳбԼĹУټϳлǵȵȼ£Ⱥ˴죬ŵɢᣬɢ֮󣬰ֱ֪ͲˣɰͰ͵վһ磬Сӡ
³֮󣬰Ҳǰȥ԰
㰲۴վʱ򣬶ʱĸо·͵Ѿˣ֮ǰʱ򣬻ۣܲһվֱҪ
Ŷʮ꣬ᡣ
߳ʱ򣬺㰲䲻糯ǰʺȰԺҺ󹬣ͻݵĻʺ¶մŮ֮⣬ʹѾûٽ»ӻŮˣʺΪȰ˵
ʺͻݹȣԸõ裬Ҳľֳ飬Ϊʺʮ־ȣ̫ӵʱ¹أÿֻڻʺҹʮֱȥͬĹǣͬһ಻ó죬Ͼ˭ܸǹʺȥ
㰲۶ԼĻʺǺصģʧ飬ٳ谮ĸӣһ¾ڶԷ޹졣


㰲۷ʿˮһᵽҺʲôģе﷢
ЩӣĸĹȥû鷿˯ȥֻǳԲ쵹ã泩ǵ¾УǹܴӦʵÿֻҹ죬һ㲻̫ܳĹһͲˣôܲŷñǡ
㰲ϲӣȥĹԷ϶Ҫ缸ȣڲȥˣԸȥһŮҲ裬ÿȥԲ壬Ǹı˯һҹߡ


188 һ
˼ˣ㰲ۿʼͨСϰպãһһޣÿ±ȥͬĵطԼ̫Ը顣
֮ǰҸеʱ䣬ȥľٵĹɢģ·ϻòĹŮ˹㰲ֻһ⹬ŮߣϵԽԶԽá
ѡ㲻ѡҲ룬ں㰲˵ʣѡ㲻翪ƣҼλвİ䳣Ҳ¶
ߡ
Ǻ㰲۵ռ롣
㰲ڹŮź»ۣһӻɫͨһԵСӸһ̵壬㰲·װ£̤ż͹˸ȥ鷿
£ȥĶأ
㰲ͣ޲ȥ鷿ȥĶ
һԵС̫ˣ㰲ǰ˼֮ʶԼƺЩʲô飿ո³֮ȥţ
ǲʲô
£ղ˵ȥ԰
ô㰲üͷ룬˵Ҫȥ԰ȥ԰ʲôأˣհ糯ϣҲӦôŰȥ̫̫
Ҫȥõܰ
㰲۹յȥ԰
ϼݵ
ϡ
񡣡㰲ԶԶĿԼȺ̵Ĺǣ;һ˵ۣߵ˻ĸߣƫͷܿ򻨴һ̡
㰲ǰһõģ濡
㰲۴ͷŽǰһǰòڣʹˣһ֮ԼǹɻڲסˮīϢú㰲۸оϲôЩҲüλ̽ɣȴûǰ˵ķˡ
ֱ̽ɡ
ͬע⵽ǰλ֣һ֮ӣ˵ֵ֮䣬һƣֻǺ㰲һӻɫƤ׵ɫǺܺã֮ࡣ
λǰӣĶӹȻһ˲š㰲µ˵ӱ˵нССֶӱڻССݣ챻˱ȥϰˣ±һ֮ڻ̧һ̧СƤ
һСʮֵׯ£һǷԼСȡ
ʹѾЩûеСˣ㰲۱Сһͬϡĺܣ̧ͷӣٿСֶգǾޱȣ⸸˳̫ˣļλӾͳòǺ
㰲۱СһȴڼƻҹҪȥɻȡҲһλԼСӡ
ĸ֮ǰ˵ʲôأ˵𡣡
ڿ鷨⺢ӵдúá˵̫̫ϲ鷨ǰ׼һдĸٰ׸̫̫̫̫鷨ȻϲĲˡ
Ŷô㰲ʮֺ棬ԼҲһȵ鷨ߣϲ鷨ǰռī鷿ġͣƽҲռϡīΪǼ˺֡
ĸдúãȴΪȻ㰲ԼҲдúзǣȴΪԼֺãϾѾ̫ϺõƷ
õᣬԷ鷨ˮƽʵһ㡣
㰲֮չǸ鷨Ʒװ֡īſٰĸǰڿ⼸ֵʱ򣬺㰲ʶһûϸϸƷζȴѾ֪ƷĲ
ֻǼ򵥵ĸ֣ȴÿһֶһѾֵҪһֶص֮˵һ͵ģıʻϸڣ𺳳ϡ
ʵд̫ˡ
û뵽λõܾȻһλ黭ӡ
֣㰲۶ŻҪռʦӺˣ
㰲ʮֺ棬λʧɢõܣȥʲô׿ԽĿӡ
Сһɽ֮С򵥵˵ԼĹ
˵黭һһԷ㰲۸̾Ȼʿۼ֮أȷ·񻰹еɵ
ǰλõȻһӷΣȴԾɲһ覣ԷһֳڷʣɽѲɶԷб˽֮һ֮أ
ֻͨһǹóĻҽϰ黭ֻ٣ԡ
㰲ۣ
Է˿еġһ϶ͨ޷󼰵һ
⺢ӵдȷʵãѧһ鷨ҲƯ˲١Це˵Դҵ˶֮ŮҲʡĶˡ
ŮĹ۾
ףô̫̫ȰЦʣҲ˵С˲ĿĹ֣ǸƯСƫƫ֡
ǣĸҲһī͸ĸԼĲТ˵׵̫̫ǰ
̫̫ˣȻͷҪǰĸ˵һΪС˴ʡ
ĸɶⰡ
̵ֳúá
һͬˣҲε
ҡͷԣϲĻ
Բڴħѹ²ơ
ѵͲϲĸ

һԵĺ㰲գ۾ֳТɨͷõĹȷʵĹ۲٣Լļʶɡ
ú㰲̲סһڴɫ˶ŵ衣
ĸǲ֪⺢ϻʱֳ˲ЦһһէܵҺүǰ˵ҪҺүոӡ
˵Ҫĸģһеֳúÿ׸ģúÿ
ĸֳŪǾһˣ

һֱӾ԰׼˼磬̫̫֪ԼСӰķ׼ʮʮĲɫȴԼ©Ǹ濴ĶȳƸȻøȴʤļ̳Ͱθ
⺢ӡ⺢ӴСĹ֮УӦܿ˰ɡ
Ƿһͨ˼ң
ʣҲǽӺۣйʱԼ̫̫ķһ𶼲㰲ʮ֮һʵķ߳ŭЦҪѻʼҳ
˵ССеСһ̳ͬĺθڡ
̫̫пҲ֪굽ô£ŻôһθӣθһȻܸӣӴ޵Ĵȥ
ÿ⺢Ӳ
ҪǵҲ׸һһҼһԷðڶٲ˲˵θڡ
ù֮󣬺㰲۵ȥ鷿ѦŰһȥ̫̫Ĺ̫̫˵̫̫ûмӶϱˣĻĸ켸ҹ˵ꡣ
СССֶ֮Ҫ豧豧֮ҪѦ鱧һ»һɫϲСѣֽѾĻ˯˯ʮ𣬺һ˵
ȥ鷿ǰعͷѦ飬Ѧܵ˶Է֮󣬵һĵɵЦһ¡
ӣ̿ͻȻֶȻٿСӵЦݺ΢飬ȴѦͬһޣԹɵֵģ
㰲۰鷿ĿľǵŶԷīָԼдһ֣ǻһ㰲۲㡣
ȻĵҲ뿴֮ǰǸ֣ǲǳǰ֮֡


189 
ź㰲۵鷿鷿ܴ󣬷㣬ӴſڣżһƬȺᴰ򿪣չ⽫յõġ
鷿һŵĸϾǲ飬īϡżƬȥߵǽϻŵɫĶ౦ϣڷʯ觡ţĸ汦
ĿǺĳе֮࣬⣬йЪϢʡյϸ֣ŸɫװѾɽˮֻǽչɫĿռߵǺ㰲ƽﴦĵط
ͬģҲ˵Ĳر֮ء
Դ㰲ۼλ֮󣬱㽫鷿ĽĴռż棬ôЩȥ鷿Ѿ˺㰲۵Ĳر⡣
ӿ޵鷿䣡㰲۵仰ﶼڲסԺҫ֮飬ѾĻúõĲر⣬Ѫڣÿδúúҫһ
ǿǸʵۣƽĶ̧ͷͷĴ󳼺͹̣Щ˶鷿ʣһǻȴ޷ǰչʾ㰲۱úܡ
һλõܣһвŻĲӣһļ㰲ôܱסڶԷǰ԰԰ڡ
ͷ¿ǲķᡣ
Ȼ㰲۵ֹסǻʵۣ±У鷿ֿ֮Ͱǹ̹ǵߵĺõط
Ȼ㰲ûҵܺҹ̸İ䡣
Ϊ㰲ÿÿնԼȻмߵҪ󣬶ųʮسǾͰ̸̸ˣóҹ̸
㰲۰Ŀǰϣλٱİ鷿￪֮괺ǵһλ˿״Ԫɡ
⼸״ԪĶʮˡ
迴˺㰲ͼ԰ڵС˼ԷҪ󣬶ԷҪ԰ڣʵԷҫ֮ġ
ߵһǰ𼸱żΪʵۣ㰲۱ͨ˸ռЩϡ±ż˸һ鷨ߣƳִ߳漣ղص鷿
ʵ׷Ҳȸ¡
㰲ߣЦΪԷԼġ桱һϣǼΪѵõϡ漣һ޶
ò԰ڶ󣬺㰲۾͸ȸƵĿչʾ
еװһԵһī漣дšǰһλĴңɨһǰԣһ˫ٵһ۱˼˲
λִһϤ֮Уʦд֣Ȼ֪˲ͬһˣǵдϰҲһȴܴЩҵһЩϤĸоλʦֵĸһǸȤˡ
跴ⱾԺȴĻʦдĸֽʱģʱʮֶȤζ
һԵĺ㰲ۼķ֪Է϶ϲ±ˣ죬ԭʾһԼĴ󷽣͸ԷǺ㰲վûܿڡ
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ÿյīӺѧҽ˻ɡ
õܸòǸӹҽɣ


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㰲ۻɵĿֱ̫ӣҭ۱Żǲţְһ
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㰲̲סͷ룺òʡĵĺӡ
㰲۵⣬ûдӴŽȥߵ˵ⴰվŵС̫฽һС̫뿪Լվڴ߿Ρ
̽ͷ濴

һ֮¿˲ã㰲ŵԼ۾еĻǰԼһĻǲԼΡ
ִ̬дĺͯסĻʶ
ѲԤ֪޻
Σ
㰲ðʣǿסûоڣվڴ⣬
Ѿע⵽˴ĺ㰲ۣȴûпڣװԼûŲλӵϡ
дһҳɣ첻̫ࡣ
壬ҽ컹Ҫдһҳʵܶд˼ֱˣдһҳԱܸ㣡
⼸ֽ졣
ôһ˵Ҳʾ壬ҲҪдһҳ
аɣдţдټĿΡ

㰲ۣ
㰲ɵ˴⣬Լ۾⣬ǳ˻Щʲô
ӾȻ֣
ǰӷдɻأЩһ֣;Բдκһú㰲ۿЦõǡСһΪ˼ٳдΪ͵ʻΪ㰲ۿûûðɡ
㰲濴˴죬ֿ֮ԼһһΧ壬Ӹòã
嵯١

㰲һᣬ֮ǰûʣһһ嵹ǽеۡ
Ȼӿʼѧ֮󣬺㰲۸еοͬʱеﲻζҹڶĸ˯ʱշת࣬˯ž
ʶӵĸѵͲú仯̫𣿡
ʡģ檸˻ء
㰲ۣ
㰲ҲĸĻӵĸҲ˺Ļش
⺢ӽ࣬˵Ҫ͸һһ
ʲô񣿡ŸԷѧ˼죬ѧˣ㰲۲֪Ϊʲôģˡ
ֲǷڵģôʹ͵㶫
ֻծƵʹͶ
Ҳûϸʣ֯칬ŮʳҪ˼ƥУҪЩʲôɡ


201 Ѫ
λӸ׼ʱһĵһ˿˿ѣǰһס·ҽ֮Ϊ·Ϻ̣Ҷĺ컨֮øֻ߲ʰ쵵Ĳɵĸɫͼ
·˴ϣ˿һҪ̾һ䣺߲֩뾫
ôһ߲֩뾫·ҭ
̲סһλСǺαԼǿзĵĻ壬ÿ·
壬Һ͸͸
壬ϲϲ
ôƯɫʺ塣
ôƯɫʺң
費֪˵ͯ޼ɣǸÿЦԼСһ﾿ʲô󣬲˵δĿγӦСӵ
յλӵҸп࣬Ͳˣǵ滭
Ӻӻһ˻һۣԼͶˣĳ޺ϲ
յĪλκ󣬾ȥ˺㰲ۣ㰲۷λӵĽѧЧķ֮Լŵԡ
ں㰲۵˽˲رѡ
㰲ۿԷԼĲرѡ˼Լϱһʹ󣬸뵽Լ׶ҲԷ˴Լ׵ģûŲ˵ڻҪɰͰ͵ѡ
ʵܵĺܡ
㰲һֻСèץӳ˼ʵĺۼ˵ӺΪһʲô
㰲ôʣŵӵһ٣תͶԺ㰲¶һ߷οЦݣʵóһλӵ⣬رҲյɡ
㰲Ĵ̳ӷˣ
ص׵ûյ
ܳԾ
ͷ󲹳һ䣺λӵѪɡ
㰲۵ɫˡ
ӵѪΪʲô˲
ѵʲô
轫㰲۵ɫ۵ףĬκ󣬲ɿڵֻ뽫λӵѪת¡
Ϊʲô㰲ˡ
ΪķλӵѪ²ŵ֮ϾҲֻ˼ΰˣġ񡯡
𣿡㰲۱Է˵ˡ
ǵʲôĴ񰡣
¾°ɡ
鷿õ⼸Ѿ㣬λӵĶϱ£Ͼǵס
㰲õܻ֪ͦʶȤҲǣԷԼ˽ôǵͻװɡ
ǾǼʲô㰲۵˺档
¶һص΢Цȱ¼˾֪ˡ
޾°ɡ㰲۱ԷĻ˵ˣʶͷӦ
˶Է㰲ﻹЩùⲻȥֽԼİһķı͸衣
轻ʮĻؼȥˡ
һţûǵֱṦص˰С
ڹеĺ㰲ùź󣬲Żһڴ֮ȥλӵ
˽Ӳ𿪣¶һ߲ʰ쵵·㰲۶ʱɵˡ
λӵѪɣ
ޣ
ڶճȥλϿΣλӷ岢ûдǼÿ·׷ʣ壬ΪʲôǼ·
㴩Ǽ·϶ǳÿ
ʮźĶǼ·Ѿ͸ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪʣ
ΪǵĸϲѵǾǼ·Ǹ𣿡
ӴԲѵǿÿ·˭ܺÿ
һǣû
壬ǻҪһµĸ𣿡
ˣǵˣ岻·ܾ֮̾תλӵעԼ·Ĳ֮
ϵװɫ·õûգ˷ֺλüĵ·ϸ·ǹ룬ʵһѵķס
λӼ·֮󣬹Ȼ˼˱仯Ҳתע
Ĳ»ҲᱻӾղԵ˻ȥѩ׵䣬䱻֮ɫû˿仯ǽѩģ
Ӻӱ·ˡ
ֲǴһذ׵·
Ȼɫǳ˵㣬ǹ벻»յʤͨ·öӺͬ·۲ѡ
Ҳ봩·
·ŤǵһɫӣĪðɫÿˡ
廹ʺϴѩ׵·
·ƪΨк㰲ۿǼ߲ʰ쵵֩뾫·ض㣬µծӣһϵڴʻ·
ʣ·ÿɣ
Һͻù·
ʣ㴩ĸɣĸһ˵ģ
㰲ۣǻĸܻˡ
ӡ
ǵ崩㰲۾ԼСǸ޺õܣпȫǺڵġ
ʺϴɫ·
ʣҺ͸ˣ㴩·ÿ
㰲ۣ
ǿʡ
̵̫̫̫Ӻܹλܵܵʦøͷ۵ĵܵܲһ̫ӵ´Сϻ۹ˣù̾Сѧѧҵϼ˶˼
λֵùＦɹķ̲ĵܵȣ̫ӵһİ
˶̫ӵ¡
˽̫ӵºĽλܵܣĽ֮ǵĴ֣ĽϵСȻֻ̫ӵΪģӺӶ׷Ϊ˾Ƕ磨ܣ
׵ܵ鳤ֱ꣬˶£˼֪ʶ壬ԼҪ󼫸ߣÿ˶׶ڣȴƺ˭Ҳ׽
ĸദҲͬǸ鵭ģĸҲһʮעعصˡ
ȻԼ㣬ʱ̫ӵҲԼܹ¶
̫ӵºܵ׽ˣһٵ̫ӵΨܵǰŻĻһӵĻҪ˵ֻǿϧ
ܵһ˵Ŷܣ͸˺ˮƵġ
̫ӵ£
̫ʱбҪҪ죬ѿˣ̫ӵѵõϾʱ䣬ȥڵпܵܵѧϰ
֮ǰ̫ӵҲȥܵϿΣʡĵĺڰѵڰѵϿε
˻һλµʦͬҲǵ壬̫ӵ֮ǰλ壬ԷòüΪɫ˵ŻڣһЩ
̫ӵΪʹһʦסԼλܵܡ
̫̫һѵѡ
̫㰲ܵܺԼһ̫ѧϰԼҲܵܵߴָȻ⣬㰲۲Ӧ̫Ը⣬ܸܵǵӣΨ̫һһͷȡ


201 Ѫ
λӸ׼ʱһĵһ˿˿ѣǰһס·ҽ֮Ϊ·Ϻ̣Ҷĺ컨֮øֻ߲ʰ쵵Ĳɵĸɫͼ
·˴ϣ˿һҪ̾һ䣺߲֩뾫
ôһ߲֩뾫·ҭ
̲סһλСǺαԼǿзĵĻ壬ÿ·
壬Һ͸͸
壬ϲϲ
ôƯɫʺ塣
ôƯɫʺң
費֪˵ͯ޼ɣǸÿЦԼСһ﾿ʲô󣬲˵δĿγӦСӵ
յλӵҸп࣬Ͳˣǵ滭
Ӻӻһ˻һۣԼͶˣĳ޺ϲ
յĪλκ󣬾ȥ˺㰲ۣ㰲۷λӵĽѧЧķ֮Լŵԡ
ں㰲۵˽˲رѡ
㰲ۿԷԼĲرѡ˼Լϱһʹ󣬸뵽Լ׶ҲԷ˴Լ׵ģûŲ˵ڻҪɰͰ͵ѡ
ʵܵĺܡ
㰲һֻСèץӳ˼ʵĺۼ˵ӺΪһʲô
㰲ôʣŵӵһ٣תͶԺ㰲¶һ߷οЦݣʵóһλӵ⣬رҲյɡ
㰲Ĵ̳ӷˣ
ص׵ûյ
ܳԾ
ͷ󲹳һ䣺λӵѪɡ
㰲۵ɫˡ
ӵѪΪʲô˲
ѵʲô
轫㰲۵ɫ۵ףĬκ󣬲ɿڵֻ뽫λӵѪת¡
Ϊʲô㰲ˡ
ΪķλӵѪ²ŵ֮ϾҲֻ˼ΰˣġ񡯡
𣿡㰲۱Է˵ˡ
ǵʲôĴ񰡣
¾°ɡ
鷿õ⼸Ѿ㣬λӵĶϱ£Ͼǵס
㰲õܻ֪ͦʶȤҲǣԷԼ˽ôǵͻװɡ
ǾǼʲô㰲۵˺档
¶һص΢Цȱ¼˾֪ˡ
޾°ɡ㰲۱ԷĻ˵ˣʶͷӦ
˶Է㰲ﻹЩùⲻȥֽԼİһķı͸衣
轻ʮĻؼȥˡ
һţûǵֱṦص˰С
ڹеĺ㰲ùź󣬲Żһڴ֮ȥλӵ
˽Ӳ𿪣¶һ߲ʰ쵵·㰲۶ʱɵˡ
λӵѪɣ
ޣ
ڶճȥλϿΣλӷ岢ûдǼÿ·׷ʣ壬ΪʲôǼ·
㴩Ǽ·϶ǳÿ
ʮźĶǼ·Ѿ͸ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪʣ
ΪǵĸϲѵǾǼ·Ǹ𣿡
ӴԲѵǿÿ·˭ܺÿ
һǣû
壬ǻҪһµĸ𣿡
ˣǵˣ岻·ܾ֮̾תλӵעԼ·Ĳ֮
ϵװɫ·õûգ˷ֺλüĵ·ϸ·ǹ룬ʵһѵķס
λӼ·֮󣬹Ȼ˼˱仯Ҳתע
Ĳ»ҲᱻӾղԵ˻ȥѩ׵䣬䱻֮ɫû˿仯ǽѩģ
Ӻӱ·ˡ
ֲǴһذ׵·
Ȼɫǳ˵㣬ǹ벻»յʤͨ·öӺͬ·۲ѡ
Ҳ봩·
·ŤǵһɫӣĪðɫÿˡ
廹ʺϴѩ׵·
·ƪΨк㰲ۿǼ߲ʰ쵵֩뾫·ض㣬µծӣһϵڴʻ·
ʣ·ÿɣ
Һͻù·
ʣ㴩ĸɣĸһ˵ģ
㰲ۣǻĸܻˡ
ӡ
ǵ崩㰲۾ԼСǸ޺õܣпȫǺڵġ
ʺϴɫ·
ʣҺ͸ˣ㴩·ÿ
㰲ۣ
ǿʡ
̵̫̫̫Ӻܹλܵܵʦøͷ۵ĵܵܲһ̫ӵ´Сϻ۹ˣù̾Сѧѧҵϼ˶˼
λֵùＦɹķ̲ĵܵȣ̫ӵһİ
˶̫ӵ¡
˽̫ӵºĽλܵܣĽ֮ǵĴ֣ĽϵСȻֻ̫ӵΪģӺӶ׷Ϊ˾Ƕ磨ܣ
׵ܵ鳤ֱ꣬˶£˼֪ʶ壬ԼҪ󼫸ߣÿ˶׶ڣȴƺ˭Ҳ׽
ĸദҲͬǸ鵭ģĸҲһʮעعصˡ
ȻԼ㣬ʱ̫ӵҲԼܹ¶
̫ӵºܵ׽ˣһٵ̫ӵΨܵǰŻĻһӵĻҪ˵ֻǿϧ
ܵһ˵Ŷܣ͸˺ˮƵġ
̫ӵ£
̫ʱбҪҪ죬ѿˣ̫ӵѵõϾʱ䣬ȥڵпܵܵѧϰ
֮ǰ̫ӵҲȥܵϿΣʡĵĺڰѵڰѵϿε
˻һλµʦͬҲǵ壬̫ӵ֮ǰλ壬ԷòüΪɫ˵ŻڣһЩ
̫ӵΪʹһʦסԼλܵܡ
̫̫һѵѡ
̫㰲ܵܺԼһ̫ѧϰԼҲܵܵߴָȻ⣬㰲۲Ӧ̫Ը⣬ܸܵǵӣΨ̫һһͷȡ


202 ̫
̫ӵµܵϿεĵطȴտҲһ˶ûУԱߵĹ˸˵λСһȥ÷԰ˡ
̫գգ۾߳Ҳתȥ÷԰ȥĵܵʲô顣
Щ챱Хһձһպ䣬ϾҪ캮ضʱˣ̫߳ʱйŮһ멡
£շĪҪ
̫ӵ˵ͷĹһȥ÷԰÷԰һ԰÷ڻû÷ʢʱ
ϵ÷԰԰һŵ÷֦صǲ÷֦Ҷķһ京ŵĻ
÷֦ҲǹͺͺģһЩҲ糺ɫ÷ںУ̫ӵͻȻ÷ȫ԰ŵʢȣм̺ͬҲǲľɫ
һƬ÷̫ӿǰӰԼǸ÷ԸٵİˣֻԼԼ
÷ԣǳͤͳγ岨֦Ӱӵӳ岨֮УҰɫԲʯΧųذӺӱڳӱ˸١
̫ӻǱ߹ȥöԽԽ滺ʣ͵ĺӣ˵ƺʻ
ĿŲԶİˣԷһϮŵİ£īɫĳֱ£Է¸ٵʱ򣬷βѾҷڵϣɫĳѩ׵·ͺīֽдһ㣬¶ˮī֮
ߵһ䣬滺תԷ޳ָϻȴн趯ֻǼ򵥵һңļƵģ
ӺסĵƤʱҲǶ
ƺܰĵ׵ǳɢȥ̫ӵ̲ס۾ϸ˶ˡ
Դϴյλӵ߲֩뾫·ֻ֪һ鷨ѧʣĶҲӦýһ̣Ҫɺͻ滭ҲҪһץ
ǡһӣҪʱСһѵãֻһΣСһ÷԰٣˳Ҳ̽Сһɳʶ
ٵʱת뾭׵ķȥдѰЧһһ˵ЧͨˣҲǿ壬泩ġ
ΪǵģѡʻõСԼ١
Сһ̫ԣ߶һ˶û֡
ֻƳһλµ̫ӣͷŪ٣öϵĴֵµŵĹŮ̫ǣͬŶ䣬ϸϸƷζ
ȲĹŮվһԣǰ
÷ԣ÷ֻ֦һ̺÷͵ںţϵĺ룬ɫ÷һѩ׵°ţѩʢĺ÷
һһʱ䣬ֹͣ˵ࡣ
磡嵯̫ˣδĴѹԼѰʣƫͷסһԸֱۣĵĴ
ǰܡתҲߵĵܵ˵Լ飬ȴͻȻĵܱܵһ˵ֱۡ

̫ӵ·ǼСǵıֱۣգգ۾ŵܵܿеĻͬף治
磿磡ӿǰ̫Ӻŵû궼Ҫˡ
ôͻȻ̫ӵµֱۡ
Ķأ
һֻ
ӣ
ˡ
̫ӵ¡ùŮ٣̫ӵµ˵ͷ
塣̫ӵ¶վĺ˼仰
̫ӵ˵˼仰󣬾⺢˵е㡭ģǶӺ϶ֶ̫ͯ࣬ӵˮ
һʮĺӣϡСͷƵġ
ĵҡҡͷøҵֵҲ⡣
ˣյĿνҲҪˡλӸ
СøҵĺӣҪȥԼҵĺӡ
һ˵Ҫߣ컹ݼٵӣҪһˣܵ߱סĴȣȱٴӸòã
ʱ磬Ͼڹòã
áİֻ˵֩뾫쿪
컹£
ǰǰ

һԵ̫ӵ¿ǰᡱʦͽֱĸһʱ̫֮֮ʹҲûʲôĽġ
λܵܺĸá
˦˵Сͷ֮еĻص֮УԼҵСֶգһЩСӱڻ˵ʶնյСӣСһſ죬Сһ
СּһĿŴѾȫߺĿҧˣȫǳ㣬һץʲô͡
⺢ÿǼ裬һӹʮ׵ȥιһСҩ̣֭徭Сһ̱һͰ͵СԽԽоСצӽƵһȥ
Ҫˣ߿߿
Сһļ䣬һָ޼䣬ڶûˣ׵ˣµȴѺȵҩ̡֭
ִ˲ƣϷ
ѦÿοĳЦ
Сӷڵ̵ë̺ϣһë޵ѩ׵̺̺滹һľ壬̺רССĴġ
СԴӻ֮󣬾ѾܽԼĻֻҡСϣڴͼԽκ󣬶²裬Ѧ͸һë̺ÿ֮󣬲ŰѺ꾫ƣСһСϡ
ҹСѾڵ̺Ĵ֮󣬺ľССеľѾ˯ԼСϣСֶſԼСϣ֮һɵ㡣
ٿСּһһۣ´ᣣߵѹϣͷȥѦԺı۴Ϸʲô£ԱǸ˯С˿Ҳо
ڶѦĻЩŵ۾֪Էݼ٣ȥλϿΣЩٴιԼҷĻ˯һ
Ź죬ȴָоܾƵġԴǻ˱һֱ˯һÿˣѦһʱϰ߲
ԺͷңÿԼͷѦ뱧ͷֻ뱧Ǹůֿķ
ҷǵСɣҪʲôˡ
ͷѵҪһѣһȥʹλϿΣݵĽ˱ڻû𣬶ߵ˯ͷʱ촽˵Ķϣܵ˵ЩĻ
Ѧ鹾ҵأֻûʲôɽλӵġ
Խҽ
Ѧ飺ڿЦ
Сӹҽ
ǳա
ʹѾˡѦ䣬ԼǺ󣬾Ȼʧҵѹ
ڼңһӺóԵѹɡ
豾ΪڼңüСӣ˭֪һ˵С͵Űݷá


203 
ѦĥĥĴӴһǷ֮ĸԼһѣĽǻȼ̿𣬰Ѭůġ
·Ѭ㣬ϰ˵Եľ
ڴϴϢѦպ͵͵ָ￴ѹֲסЦݣǼСӴʱҲѾȵѹˣڴϣԹԵڴ棬СȥԼĽѾӡ
κҲԽԽѾԲСּһﻹ˶ֻܺİù
Ѧ鴩ůѥһԼ͹ľֽһһٵߵűߣָֻͷĽһƣŰĺ̾ͷ϶紵ϣѦ̲סһ¡
̫˰ɣ
ֱࡣ
⼸£Ŀ֦ѾѰŰҶӣĺһ˵Ƥϡ
ѦϷ˵һμʶ˱Ķ졣
ޡ
Ȼȼ̿ĴҲлǽůķ·Ƶģ¶ȣǾͽһů紺һ޶޲
ÿţҪѦ𼫴ֻĴŷ죬ԼӦ硣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
컹䣡
ѦӣʱΪҲˣû뵽컹ϼ䣬ϼӶɬƤϣоԼƤҪˡ
ֻǱһ紵ϣѦ˵֮ģ޲תصϣһʹڴϲŲˡ
ٰѶůֱﱧӻãһܱһ졣
ڴʲôģˡѦСΪ
Ȼ϶䣬ǴӷȥضҪܺĿ̣ⲻסⲻס
ʮｨ֮Ѧתǰ׳־Ѿɢֻ뱧ҷͶڱĶҲȥ
ӵӱСѦĥ˴ϡ
ǵٳݰɣ
۾Цôֻˣ
ոջ˵ҪһӺóԵģȴֿսŵĻˡ
Ѧ飺
뵽⼸Լҷòϴڼֻǽʱ˷ڴϣƺⲻȥѦĥŴӴϹһιſȥ
ȵȡסԼҳһɫĴ멣·ůֽһñĴΧѦϡ
ɫĴǺѦüɰһʺɫһֻѩչɵİ׺ףǰ׺̬ɣòɷ
͸ѦͬҲģëƤԵģİ׺״ַȥģΪ뵽ܺ
Ѧȴһ·ѹס
ϲ᲻ô˵Ҫȵһ㣬źΧ
ôΧˣǼɫİɣҵȻҪȥСŪˡƽﶼ᲻ãȥ֮أܴ·
㴩˾Ͳ׼£첻첻ҪôʱŴɲܹ˷һƬ⡣
Ѧ˵ģΪģʮ죬˼ҶǷɸ·Ǽ˹
ҷ幤Ҫض޲ûصʱúÿѧ塣
˵Ū˾Ūˣʱ㻻£˵ѦСӵ¼һٲҪϰ·޸˷ܲǰٵġ
һײУǾף
ôడѦګګԩҡ
裺ؼҿ˱ֻ಻١
Ѧ飺
Ѧ鲻˼ôܼ
㲻Ϊ֪Сãһ㡣
һļֻһ·ҷǸ·ħҪһ·ŹҪһ·԰Ҫһ·صҪһ·
ѦС߳ŭߣô·ʲôѵһλһ·𣿡
̿ҪԸĻҲ⡣
ѦСʮְĺһȻȥ˵ˡ
ô˵ţûаǼ멸һ廹·ɢ޾ů⡣
紵ϣѦҲܲˡ
߰
Ŀ뿪ıӰ۾Ц⣬תȥҡССᣬСֶι̺ڵ̺Ϸ
ССѽѽĲϣҲ֪ں߸軹ڷԼĲڵ̺﷭һȦ󣬺ݺС첲Լë̺ϣʱͷϵñѾ֪ȥˣСཱུĿ衣
Զ°Сñϣ˲ˮ˱ڻԽԼҶԽϲͷСһϰףСĻڼҴԼĶӱȽʡ
һ˹ĺͲϻڵ̺϶棬ڵʱССҲϲĵطˣһϹ׳־Ҫıȥ
һһ߿ĵľīɫһͷͳȻʵ
ǰϲץסͷţھ͸˲ãǻСʹ˳̵ľҪ׵ͷ޶ͺˡ
Է֡ʱڸܵʲôӵ
ССιͷرģЦֿ¶ĿСٺ١
㻹Ц㻹Цſͷ
СľģСһ֣ȻǸ֮Ĭ㣬ССȫûյľ棬޼ɵľ׵ͷĵĳţֽŲ軳
ëëԼϳסСצӣнԼͷ
ͷ֮СС᲻ĺߺ˼Ҳ⣬Ϊһͷֺܵͷɢڼ󣬼ֱУһô
ССỹץ
ԽС飬ԽҪֱԼˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôͷ
ڵ̺ϸ桰ͷսͻȻڲ֪ؼһ³ȥʹӦλСӡ
Ӳͷ
㻹ְ֣Сӣͷô𣿡
ٺ١
ҶЦôǷ᣿

үп˵ˡͻġͷս
ˣͻȻһֲõĲ²⣬ȼСһʱвõĲ²ȻӦˡ
𣿡
磬ǻܼСõ𣿡
ܣܲܰһ㡣

ܼλС½˸УΪ׵̫ӵһﲻֱһϳ֮࣬ĶӺž˵˸һѡ
ҾͲҾͲҾҪ˵ܲңҪܵܣܵܵܵܵܵܣӺò׳һΣʮ˷ܵʱһȫͣ
ڹֵСһڵ֪廹һСӣ񲻾ܵܣ
̫ӵͣһ½ŲعͷƳһۣ̾ˣܵԱӡ
Ͷ⣬ǵƾͶͰ͵Сӵ˹Ψ̫ӵ³棬ܽӴ
ү棬λӽȥɡ
һܼҵĻӾ͸ֵҰƵͣܽ壡壡壡
Ӻ軳СС۵Сۡ


204 
գգ۾öһ˫Ĵ۾ƣཱུգ΢΢ſ¶С
С軳磬һץסһͷһצӾס׵죬һЦݣǿˮ˰أͻȻİʱСС۾һ˳һݡ
ӣ
𾪵ɫԱ۾СС벻һ壬һٿԷСӤϵıɷǺÿ
˲壬ʱ¹ڲбͷҲɢˣƽǸŵģྶͥǾϡ棬Ǿ⣬еЦ
Է
ٿԷǸСӤ壬˵ĳһޣȻСֶȴһϲĴɫİγǿҵĶԱȣһཱུĺСڰѩðͷ
⡭õ𣿡ӱʣΧССߣҲʱ̫ӺͶӵҲ߽
Ӻ̫ӿӵʱŴ˼˲
裺
ԼҴӵƨһѣСһƻһѺ֡
ССĲĻŤŤȥ
ǰСֶջǺܸԼҵӣɿצӣٺһͷԡ
ѽСһĿͻȻֵİˡ
轫Լеͷ̵ȥ¶ſ¹ڲģѩҲҲκ覴ãıֱͦһۼ㲻ЦʱҲ
ССҪԲ࣬ΪٻûΨк۾Ϊˣī֭ҪŨƵΪעĿ
Ƶͬһʱץ
۾ǰ˵ɨڿ̫ӵʱ΢ͣһ£󵭵λôˣ
ʱһεľأҲ治ɫ˿š
壬Сõܳø񣡣ССᣬƳƳòǷʲô󱦱Ƶľȵ
裺˶ܿĶӸú
壬ʲô̫֡ӵµһֱͣСֶյϣʳĻΪ
飬С档ҺòѦش⣬Ȼʶ˵ǼСССӡ
ɡǲ𣿡
ŶԣǾ飬ǰա
ѻСѷѩ׵ë̺ϣӺ̫Ьӣ㶦һ㽫ССΧ롣
棬и𣿡
磡
桭
ۼԼұΧСӣ۵˿Ц⣬żעϣ¹ڡ
ӺΧСС棬СѴСӺСֶգԼĴСû˿Ӧ
ݺë̺֮һŲ˹ģſѽѽĳ
磬˵ء
СŶ
СʱҲġ
ССᳪ˼֮󣬳ԼʶնյСһķ̫Ǹֻſ˼СֶնеĲ˹ģһƨɰһë̺ϡ
̫ӵ¼״æȥˤţ̫ԼҲʮ꣬ȴСһﱧ˻
Сӱڻʱһζֱǡ
̫ӵͷǸСӤȴԷаЦ˼
ССǸģܶ࣬ǱֱϰˣС۾Ƴһԣİĺܣ̫ӣʮִ󷽵ĸЦ
̫ӱЦĶһͿ⻹ǵһĵܵܡ
Сһﳤúÿ壬֮϶Ҳһ׿ӡ
Сϧıڻ̫ǰԼĵܵ׽ȴ䷨˽죬һĵܵܡ
ְ̫ѻСֶձһЩССѾϰԵı˱ˣղŸ˴죬Ϣð̫ӵĲ붯
̫΢΢֣ѧűĶСֶյĺ
ŰССץס̫ӵһͷЦų˳̫ӵͷĶ̣ССǿץסһѡ
迴ҴĶǳ˳顣
̫ӱȴ˿ҲССιͷСһĶΪ̫лϲͷ͵СС
裺
̫ӵµƢá
ССץŶԷֵͷˡ
ѽޣ
СֶҲɻ˵ΪʲôȥأΪʲôȥأΪʲôȥأ
Сͷսڵľ籾ôղŵĽУ
̫ӵΪԷѽѽУҲСС¶һЦ
ССԷЦҲѧĸŶԷЦ¶С
Цʱˮ˳ǻ̫Ӽ״˲
⺢ԡ̫ӵЦһ˫۾ʼնСֶգ佱
裺
ܿˣ
棬̫Ӹ硣
װ
̫Ӹ硣
ѽ

ŶЩûӪĻӺطǸϹŰĸ磬ȻҲôһ档
˺һҲˣȻ˺ƽﲻһ̫Ӹ磬ⲻλСӸܵһëȻ
̫ӸòǼٵİɣ
̫Ӹ磬Ҳ뱧۲ĿŶԷССᣬĸСӣСıλ˵Сֶա
Сֶģƺӡ
̫Ӹ磬ҲҪ
̫ţŻСС᲻֣ٿ˿ĶӺӣ۾Ҫܵ˲䶼·ߵҰݡ
Ѿµĵܵܡ
һǺܹԵĵܵܡ
裺
û뵽ֶӾȻ˸ġ
ڳѦ֪λС󣬱㶯һЩʺСӳԵСʳʲô˫Ƥ̡ˮͷըţ̡ը֮Сԣлһּᣬ˵˷ģ̵ʮζԼ֣ζ϶ǡ
ӺһСʳ˲ͰµõĵܸܵˣΧʳһһ͸ˮͷĶɳһһըţ̣ҧִƤһð˳Եǲֺ
úóԣ
һҪ
á
Ӻûбŵ㣬𣬺˵Ļһһ׵ģѦʮֿģѦȻѾһӵĵˣʵϲſʮ꣬ӵĴӵ£ҲһСħͷȥҪԱҪɳԡ
ûгԵģȫ
ոն໽е㣬ҪԱĻ㡭
ֲ䣬̿յô˿ڸģԵý𣡡

ֵģΨ̫Ӷʳ޶ԣרעߵССᣬŲ˹ĺͲϻĺСһ棬СӶ֮󣬻һιԶ
СֶԹĻ˹Ȼ˳̫ӵҲ˿һϸĵĸ򲼣谵զ಻ѣϳɵ̫ӵ£ʮܾ뵱İá


205 ˿
̫ӵԸϸչССᣬ赹ҲֵУͰǼֶӽС̫ӣԼһԸѦһˮţ̱ɳ
ûѩܳԱɳȫƱ
ŶӺȥȣѩѴһ״ı࣬һһ侧ӨıĽŵ׳֣·𲽲
ӺӼ澰۾Ҫˡ
Ӽһ侧ӨƯıҲеĺ˷ܵĶ壬Ҳѧ
壬ҲѧһԵĶͬʾ
ѧɲô׵ġЦŴСɵѦձߣֱҷ໽С
Ѧô멽Լʵʵģϵһ˫ëѥϴë׵ëףһַŭ󹫼Ŷ衣
ô˵УΨѦȺеȺ塣
ӺȻףȴѾϰÿ궬ıֻдϷѦ飬ĺжӵС̹
ӭĺ㴵һ£ɹ쬵ı顣
̫ˣ̫ˣ֪㻹ⶳңѦ˴ӣСһȦŰܲȡ
躬ЦԼҪԱģⲻͱԣ
Ѧһתٳ׼һλãǰ§ס֫Ѹղ͵͵ϵСԷĲԱ֮ʩ㡣
֪ҪֱģҪɳҪӲģСƯװ̲വ䡣
˼֮Ѧ鿪ĵıԼҷĿָ࣬ȻǼССȴҲǺܺ뵽Ѧ̲ס˴꣬ȡůĦȡ
Ҳε˵ӣ˱˻
Ѧ黹ûü˶ãͼʳָϵ˵㣬һָָ
˳ָķ򿴹ȥÿ۾ӡֻ
Ѧ飺
ССӡ
ԭûа㲻˼Ѧ鵹СӵĶŪе㲻˼ˣǲԵùϡˣ
ȿȿȡѦִŵҪҪԱ
ˣȻ㡣
˰ʱѦħСڻϳˮţ̱ɳһ߿һ߳Աɳǿɡ
ӳһڱɳ󣬴յӶ˵ֵĻ磬Ǹܵһ·òã
Ӿõܵ˵Ǹ⡣
һԶ˷豻Ǻһ£СѲϱǲ÷Ͷ̥ģôһ·߲֩뾫·
·󣬾תҪ·ˡ

βֹΪҲ뿴СӴ·ʲôģ
һС֩뾫
һĻʽǸСһ￴ԼСʱġģ
һԳԱɳѦһҲûʶԼҶӼ߲С֩뾫Σ
̫ӵ»СС֣ǸʮĵģСһչ˵΢һֱˡ
ǼССʵǸܺôĺӣֻҪԸľͲֵģЦĵʲôҪץ£ͽԼԼٵÿҧһҧ
Ѧһʱ߰һСֶն׺ʱҪһԼĵڲߣڵĻͰĵԼ棬ھҪʼɺˡ
֪λСк󣬹һͳȥĹŮȥˣҲһʮСôֶӣĵúܣ۲Ϊ
ûȤ
˼λСӣŶӺӣȤ˼Ǻúøдҵ
ټ̫ӵ£̫ӵ±СӲ֡
ǰĻ棬֮ܰдһֵζ
ĵĸ̫ƺϲ档
ͷһʡ
Цˣ˵ʲôأǼСɶ֪ʲôһʡ
С̫жһ۰СС̶Ѿϰ֡
Եɡ
ֹԵʼλС̫ǲҶӡ
Ѧһζȣ˳źů˯һλСԺﻭѦһԼһС¯衣
̫ӵʮĵĴССһԿѦ衣
̫ӵ£һɡ
̫ӵ˵ͷֻһں󣬱Ѳ豭ԶһЩ²СĴ̵ߵСֶա
Сֶղ˲ˮĴָһָ󣬶˵С
Ѧ鿴ǰС̫ӣܸоﲻ̫ԣǰ˾˵ʮ꣬Ϊ˴˵ͷ·ʮĳһԷССһҲǸ͵ܵദ
ǡǡ
оԼ׵λñˡ
Ѧ飺ݵܡ
ҺѲҪһ
ѦŬҡҡͷĪ뷨ӳԴ
ȵ̫ɽʱ򣬼㰲ʹԶ軹ԽλСͻ˻ʹ
ֱʱ̫ӻ˯СС᲻ߣ趼ԼҺ°ع
壬ȼ档
̫̫ܼˡ
̫ŶԷĻ˵ͷתҪԼĹӺӻȱߣֻ˵֩뾫ƵģϷ˿ҪԼҵ˿
壬ҪϿΣͱȥ¡
ǰǰǽºòã
Ҫѧ书
ٴӸ

̫ԭҪԼߣȴʲôƵģߵߣһ߹֩Ů٣Ӻֻ߲ͨС֩Զõ
һ彻裬ȥССᡣ
棬̫Ӹȥ̫ԼҪȥ̫ɴһ·ȥһˡ
裺
ġ
Ǹ˵СҲ
̫ӸջҪ𣿡
ҲȥòãҲȥòã

迴øҵһȺӣǾļˣȻʱһ·˱ģǾǺ㰲ۡ
㰲ǡɿֻС֩뾫˿Ҫ˿Ĳ棬ú㰲һĶ£ĺӣôõܲأ
뿪ʱҲûᣬദ죬ôôˣ
㰲ˡ
֪Լ̫磬һ̼еһƬ̫ӵ£̫ߵߣԼİ͸õܣﻹੲݵ˵ʲô
վڶ¥ۿĺ㰲۳̬ˡ
ϴˡ
Ǹϳɵ̫ӣһ仰˵;仰˵̫ӣ͸˵𡱣ôǰô໰Ҫ
ĶǱһˡ
СӣȥѰӽй˵лҪ㰲۾ҪȡȡҪôܺͶǵĸһ¥Ǹ̫ӡ
̫֮䣬ӣǾܲ㣬Ϊʲôҵ̫


206 ѩ
үʥ롣Сӹǰ˸ӡ
裺
òװ֩ߣ˸ס
Сӽ鷿ǰĺ㰲ۣϷżУɫϡ±ɫĳСĵıţЩǺ㰲۵ղء
еһװĶԱߵļྶͥƳһۣϳһȫǸλӵҵ̫ӵ£ϻŶǰдĹЩȻܸϵ֮һ𱣴ں㰲۵ĲرС
ٳк£
㰲һŹµĴǰ裬Ȼ󲻵ò̾˵ϲԼĿ뵽ԷĲ飬Ҳ˿
㰲۰һԣͷ·ֵһУǰһ⡣
¿ʡ˳ƸƽԼ䣬űȽϼʹƽװСӻعˣʱرͨڶ˺ϵĴȺи롣
ںдʱͻأ
ֲƣ䲻䡣
Ĳ䡣
ԲҪ߲֩뾫·
ǡôദ㰲ݵʳ˿ڡ
裺ôദ
ССỹ꣬ȻǱڻ棬ι̻򲼡
£ӻꡣ
㰲ۣ
㰲۱˱۾У»⣬֪̫ӡ޵̫ӴϻۣΪ˴ʮ㣬޺ദܲ㣬Ǹӣҽռǰȴ˲٣ЩԣΪΰ
裺ΪҶӡ
㡣
Цõķֺ㰲ȻڷԴס
ǲ͸ģǸġ
ǣ
ӡ
̫ӵڳ棬һʡ
һʣ㰲üɵǾղ˵ԼĶӲꡣ
ĺӣô̫һʡ
̫ӵ´ϲܵܰɣ԰͸
㰲ۣ֪͸ĺ󣬺㰲Ī˳˲١
޵ĶӶϲ㡣㰲ĵǰˡ
ôϲҲԽ£ǵס
⻰Ҳ˵òλӵѪûȥɣ޿촩٣㻻·ٻȥǧҪů򲻿ɲŶš
裺¶ˡ
·ǾԲҪġ
ǻ·ضӺӻϲ㡣
㰲һ飬޾˵ڽӵ滭һø޽̺һ㣬򲻿ɹ޶Ρ
ӹлʱѾҹĻʱ֣ʹʹ֮ƿӣȴ濪ʼ˶ëѩɫѩƮƮ
ѩˡ
˳ȥ̤ѩӼƬϷӶԺ
ֲýô䣬ԭҪѩ˰
һԺĳ˵ĸ̾
ѦԼýģֽһƬѩҪͷʱȴԼײһϣ̧ͷ㿴һϤӡ
ĵ˽˻˷ܵ㿴ѩˡ
СԷѩ֮ϵӥѶʱҪˣѦıڴһůСѣлһСɡ
СԼﻶСɡ
ѦֻСèѾһֻԲСԲϲ̣ģһ˾ϲ˵Ļ
ϲѦ飬ԷιʳʱҪһ
ֻСèָ°ͣСߺſڱϣһֻ¹ԺöıԲ
СԱһط
ԭСԺ͹ܣҲ֪èץɹСèɹʵСһദʮֺгСԻֻСë׵嵱ѡ
ֻĻȡůܰˡ
ⳡѩԽԽ󣬵ȵ¸ʱϵѩɷ׷Ʈ֦ѾһѩѦһμĶëѩ
ϵĲ˯ųȥѩ
ѩѩѩҪѩ
ƳԷѩļģؾһѩ
ֻñ˷˹һѺ÷ֽɡ¿԰ѩ
žңʱͷһȾƣѦ˷ܵıֱۣݶĥĥģԼСĻˤݶ
Ѿܿɫ·ϵÿһ䶼Ѿһ׵ѣ֦һƬҶȻʧ۵֦ϣѾ侧Өѩ
ѩٰѩǲһٰѩˣ֦ϻд̵ҶӣҶϸһ͸ıͯʱȤģǴժһҶӡ
յдš
˵ʲô
˵ˣ˵ðΧĽַھӶˣİ˱࣬ĵҩȻѦƹƵҩΪϳˡ
ַھѵͲ𣿡
밡С˵öҽÿ춼вʲôʱȥ
𣿡ǹһĨЦ⡣
˵Ѿˡ
꿪Ǿͻȥɡ
ţˡ
ѦһûѩƫͷߵˣԷһ־ɡ¹ӰӰپپŨīĳڼͷƺīС
˹ϵĴ멺󣬵ƤȥԷͷϵĺȻ岻Уⷢȴֱģ˶׺źɫС«
ץסֵ֣۽һ䣬žһھơ
ѦŶԷĲգŶԷüĿģһ٣ȻѾɻһˣӶˣÿҹ˯ǰ㣬Ҳ㣬ڿʱҲԾɻгʱȻĶĸо
ЦˣʱȻĶĸоȷʱ𣿡
Ѧ飺ûƻա
ҶĶʱ򣬴žׯ峿һ֦߹ʱ򡣡
ôЦǰˣѦ鱻һȣԷ۾·һƣֻǿǺƣմȾ⡣
ѦԷеľңͷһڣȵľˮľü۽ǣʱķֲǾˡ
§סеĺ÷ɡѾˣֽɡ˵һȦܱϣͷԲ࣬Ĺ˵ϡ
ǰ˵°ͣȥ
Ǻܳ
˾þöûзֱֱֿµﴫֶӵĹǺ§Ѧ˷ӲƻյһѺ֡
ȥֻСӱڻ˺壬ֶԷˣԷһɾѺСּһڵ̺ˣ
۶ӵһţ֮ǲǵСʱοӡ
ҧõƺҪˡ
СһʲôʱŻ·

Ѧںԣŵ̺ϸ˵ĻСĽΧŵǼ멣֮󣬷Ž
һѩһ±˺ü죬춼ƮѩѦӸտѩļ˶ѩ޶ԡ
ٹ˼գ̫̫İʮ硣


207 ̰
̫̫죬ѩˣĿɻǰããһƬԶԶȥط·ֻʣ˻Ұ׶ɫµææ⣬ñӵֲֳſڵĻѩ
ѦԤȫһ¡صʢװССҲһϲĴ磬ƺ˾֮СһͮͮĴ磬ͬһС۽СȥŪһϵž졣
һţıХŹνѦһڰ޲ý˶ëȥ
ָɣƤ
һԵ֬࣬ʵɫѸ࿪ڶԷϺ϶Ĩ˺һ㡣
ǼֻϸƤ⣬ǲӷȥһʱܴƤѡ
ͿĨһ֬Ѧգ˳ҫСҩ˫㿴ƹˮ
۶ҲĨһ㡣
Сһʱɲˡ
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㰲˵ҪΪٰ磬̫̫ҲӦˣֻ˵̫¡أ˲ơ
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ֱ۰𪣬Ĩһ֮ǴƤʱˮ˲٣ۻģ˿Ҳ壬ǻϲ


208 ̐
ζҲ㣬һǲƵģ̵ġϲˣ̲סѦҪһЩ
ѦĺǴ󷽣ֵùΪ
ǧʳѦѡ
һѲҩжԣ
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˵ûҪģںòóԣһ˭ȥԷϵ֬డ
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Ĩȥ֮Լ۵ķӤϲʤ˰ͭùϲϲ˰졣
üĨ˶ޢ˸٣ȵߡ
ȥĶأǰıӰ죬ڽһ
үҸȥ֡
㣬ôӿ棬طֶԷӸǻһˡ
ǲˢǽƵķ۲ˣƤ͸ϸ°֦һսһ㻹һɵ
աĨһ㶫үÿ𣿡
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һ̲סԼգںˮʮ㣬ͬ۵ļһ㣬ƫͷһۣүҪȥºٷ˵ˡ
ȻԸ⿴Լ۾ľޣȻֵĳУΪŮˣ뿴Ů˵ľ޺Ľ
ԼˣͶŮӺ˫ĴȥջһѾ޵
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ڸղţһҩļ䷨ոλлི̱ûٱ֮ǰλھˣ轡
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ĸԲӣĸҪġ
̫ӣ㱧ðϸֵܣԵְ

һֵĽˣºѦ޹أڴ˺ļ죬˺νࡣ
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ѦԼǼ͸ѯʵĸҹǣЩ֮ȴɣôǸζ
˵һŨص
ôأ

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˵㣬ƤϣƤҲøճõĺһϸۡ
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СΪССָŹɵ˵㡪ר¶Сֶգڻڵ壬ӺССᣬȺ˲ҪֹЧȴ˵Լϲζ
ȥѦջС֮ǰƳǹζû취СƷȨ
Ѧ˼ʮҩ࣬ǿǿһѯʵĹǴ򷢻ȥǵĿڶഫиҪ
Ѧˣ㿪һ࣬Ķָ䣬ֽƤѣ˼ˣƶ˼һҪںѰ
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ĩȵ࣬ɫõͨ۵ҩģƤϣƶ˿ѣһСʮǮֲǰճɱģרͨСա
ѦƤԼھǵȡ˸ֽСھǵö֮İ˵ּӽ
ٰǻҪŴ󵨡
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ʼֻΪϵǿζһͷһʮʮ٣ôȺȫڵζ
ȺڵΪäĿҴڵģеϲĵľ㣬ΧȫζԼôأ˼ҲȱǼʮӡ

ѦԼĻȺ̲סĳ˭뵽ʼֻ֣ΪջСֶգǡǼСֶջ塣
Ѧ鿴ССֲָģĪΪСֶһͬᡣ
û뵽ֶ㡱ȴ˴ڵϲá
Сס
ȴûʲôһеʼٸ㣬ΪʲôҪۼССר͸ˣ
Ѧ鱻µƿԣȷһʼССרóԼ
ھǳ׳ˣǵĹ˼һУͬͬʱҲԼר֣
̐ࡣ


209 
̐㣬гҲǡֶ㡱ȡѦʾ֣֭ǵĵֽ跻ȵֶ㣬跻ֶ㣬ɲһڵֶˣ
ܰС֮С
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ʱЦãζΪСֶӵɩɩΪʲôҪôŵȡֶأ
ĺüҲ̐࣬Ժôֱ̐㣿
زסϾͰµ֪СܸԼĸ
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ζԼֶӵζ

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ʹ
֪ô²̐㡱ȻѦ鱾ɺ֣ϺŲŵٰСǰԼھǵĵ̡跻
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Ķùˡ
Ѧ̲ס¶΢Ц³ӣڳﱧֱ
Ķ˵̫ˡ


210 
跻У棬⼸ֵơǰ͸Ѧģǰļױ겻ھǣÿ㽻һλлĹ´
Ѧ̳֮󣬱ȥ˱ΪСܵԼĸ׶ĿȾĽ̵ܿͷ⼸̵è塣
ھǷĽֵУЩƽƽ׬ǮҲˣЩ˿Ҳ˲ھǣ˴Ĳб˽ң˽̴Ǯƣ˺Ūӡ
ѦԼС̽е˶ٴһЩ˺󣬶ʩˣӣһҲĲׯ͸ĳ跻
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ҽݵĻ𣿡

ʵǳܲסĹüȥڵİ˼ͷ
ǵĿҲ׷ʵʲô
ʲôģѵԵôô㣿

ҧſе̰ᣬôϰ壬ûһԲϾڵƹġ
ޣҵİ̫ѳ˰ɡŵֶ㣬ʱϵ̰Ӳˡ
쵽𣿺ؼҳԷͬᡣ
Ѧһ֮˶һůůӡ
ºͻû뵽ϰ尾Ȼǵķݣڲѡ
֪ȣʲô̰Ӱ
һʢ˳ںкȵһɫֱ˼¡
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211 
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ĿˣҲϣһŨ
ưһͻ¯̧ſڣƿǣһʱռֵ
㰡ʲôζ
¿һҾ¥
ҵѽҲ߯˰ɡ
ʲô

һ롣
Ǯһȵȵá
̫ˣһ롣

跻ſڶʱһȺ˸ΧˣȿֺŶ˲ԣΧһˣҲʢΧ
Ϊ̫ˣЩӵĴŸסһЩ˶ֻøһ·ĺ˸
ѦƹģˣĴָǼϰա
գΪʲô¥
Ѧ鵭һЦֻϲ³ˣͺϲҽһ˵ˣʲô¥ҪͿҽݣ
Ѧ˳ȥ۾Ŷ˵Ц⣬ԼĶܵõ˵׷ϲÿһӶеĵ飬Ҳ⡣
ŶﲻѦվſһƳȴƳ˶һϤİˡ
Էͦο㣬Χѩ׺ãīɫĳ𣬼ƺīУӨӨѩ׵Ĺ峤ۣϱһ֧ѡ
ﴣȺ벻עѡ
Ѧ飺
Լ۾ˡ
Ѧ۾ȺİûʧϽС˹ȥ˴Ӷ
㡢㡢㡭ǰˣѦ鼷˰ûмһĻö˶˵ģʲôӰ
Ѧкö໰ʱôڻʹȴ跻ģôֱӽ
ϣ´ǰѦϰ壬Է촩һźɫɫĴ멣ϵһ£һʮѦϰ
˴ĿǰˣȻЦȻ
˵֮ͻȻʲôƵģûסеĳڶԷͷһãֵǻҺ£ϴòֵҾˣֵͬңְҸϳ˶顣
Ѧ鱧ŶͷʮְյĽһֱߣƹĽɲҪŶӣҸ
ˣҲ⣬
Ѧ棬Լһ˳뻹ϤĴ루裩Ѧרðȥġ
ţƮŨޱȡ
ѾϰˣڲڣҶҪһ롣Ѧعͷ裬ֻ۾ЦС״ͬһֻСꡣ
һͷ׳һڣŨźθϸڴϻݼʱһɾζ
ιҪǺǾ͵һѦƹˡѦһЦӯӯв
˿Ҳв˵ȵģŵҨһͽѾһˣҲһΣʭӶ˲ծ˲ѹ
Ѧ鿪ЦһЦݣ̲סһյߣһʱȴŵһϤζ
ᣬֶԷȻͿˡֶ㡣
ѦһٺЦеָָ̧Լôܵ˶ֲҳԵľ𣿡
ЦһԥڶԷϡˡһڣСȣ׵иߣȻֱܷԷϻûè塣
Ȼģζ
ȻѦʮֵĿգһۣʲôϣʮֺóԡ
òôó԰ɣ㣿
¶ˣûѦЦеıҲչȥһףȴͻȻķ֡ҷƺҲһϤζ
찡ֶȻҵСϡ
㾹ȻҲˣ
ҲѧŶԷһָָԼôҲף
Ѧ飺
׾ףʲôҵģͷһͷҲһѦ۾һ£ֻǵ΢ζǲһҲѳԡ
ͻȻ֣úõȣΪʲôҪĶأ
裺⻰ʶˡ
Ѧ飺
ҲǷȤɡ
Сôôͳˣ
˰ʱ첹Ϣ
Ҳ̫ƽˡøһ𿴿µ㡣

跻ſڵܿˣŵĳɢȥǽˡ
ſ˵Ѿɢȥ
ֵĳϣŮͻȻŭ跻ȥ棬ֻ¶һ˫۾棬ϴſɵĴں졣
跻ſڣȺŮϾֿˣֱۣƿϵɴ¶泤ֲӵƤ
Χ۵̱һ
ǵĺ⣬ҵ̣ʲôˣ
ϰ
⣡ҵ

Ů跻ſǵƤϳ˴ССӲͬĺ񣬿ΪɲѸմ跻Ŀ˸Żˣһŧˮĺ˵跻űЩŵĿ̻صѶˡ
⼸Ů˵Ҫ跻ΪԼһȴ跻ſڴ¡
ΧŵԽԽָ࣬⼸Ů۷׷ס
ˡ
㿴ˡ
̫ˣƤ϶ˣŻ
ǵĶҲࡣ
⼸Ů跻ſڴ֣ѽ˵Ŀⶼ˹跻еⶼˣЩŮϵĲ״˶ŵùǺ
ԽԽΧſڿ֣ҲֵԽԽ
ȺĲԶһһЦ跻ſڵɧң۾һ˿⣬Խ⡣
ĴһڣߴﹾĿʼýż˵Ļү
һȦظ
˭أ
֬իϰ壬䡣
ǰ֬ի½һ֬ԭŵ׬һʣⱸ˶ѻɽĻû뵽跻һ֮ǵ֬Ͳˣ˴롣
ݺݵĿŲԶǼӣǲҵˣͲպΡ
Ѧƹģˣˣ£˵࣬ϳ⡣
Ļƻ𼱻ǵܽ˺ԺʱѦ㣬ϣǷȻרҵĵ㣬ȴͨҩһ˺Щҩҡ
ʲôˣһ£Ѧһѡ
мŮˣſڴ˵Ķ⡣
⣿ӦðѦһָֻ򶨣СأжԷѦͰˡ
ЩǲΪǼҵĶ⣬ǼҽСڣҲͲ⡣
ҲܼʱҽΡ
Сǳȥɡ
˵ͷʵ


212 ֬ˮ
ѦһߵſڣµŮӣЩŮϺ϶Ϊɲĺɫŧĺ
ѦǱһϸЩŮ˵ֱۺɨЩȻǺ˺ŧȴиĲͬѦҽҲܿЩµġ
⣬Ҳֲһ֢״
ѦȻ׾ٵĿЩµģΧΧ۵ȴѾЩ˵ĺŻˡ
跻ϰ壬Ǳ뻹һ
⣬⣬ҵһϳŮӾҪ嵽Ѧǰȥ
õӵס˻ȥ
Ůһվŭתܴ£ðҺڵ껹ˣ㿴Ժ˭Ǽҵ࣬Χ˶ҵǼҶ³
㿴̫˰ɡ
Ķ⣿
̫ˣ̫ˡ

ʹһɫЩŮ˶ץҸȥ١
µ˵ͷ˽ŮΧסΧ۵һƬȻмǼŮ˽кĸˡ
Ҫʲô񰡣
ӽ£û
Ҫʲô
Ⱥ˿ȥⳡ棬վǵ̺˲˵ڻ𣿡
Щǹſˮģȥ٣ҳ˭ָʹġ
ޣ˵ʲôĶˡ
˵຦㣿ߵһŮ˵ߣһִ䣬Էֱ۱¶ǰ߲ƤȫǸʽϺɫٺۣȫ¾ɲѵİӡ
ϵĶ˰ɣǼҵ̲ſż죿ǰº㳤촯
㣬˫ĿףƬЩȥѰɡ

һһĵ⼸ŮϵĲ֢㵽һʱŮ췢ģĵҲ֪ȷȷʵʵǼҵű
Ǽҵ࣬ҹһΣҵͱˡǷŮӽԼϺʺɫչʾΧ˿ԭƤ𪣬ʺһƬŧƤϸΪֲ
Ҳȷʵû˵ѣЩȷʵǸոճġ
ѣ𡣡
ԱΧ۵һǰŪͷԣ⡭⵽׷ʲô°跻˵ЩŮǱ˹͹µģȷָ˼ϵĲ֢ǰŮ˷ĶҲ٣
⵽ôһ£跻Ķû⣿
ǷŮӵɨ˶ԷҵĲɫϣõָָԷϵңҲµõİɣ
ʲôϵǷŮ۾һλ͸ģζŨرϲҹ˯ǰҷԡ
г档
㡭˵ʲô
׵Ҵ򿪱֪
⡭ŮϾɻ֮ɫԱΧ۵·Ҳ˺ġ
ͰҴ򿪿
ʲô
򿪿
տһϷҪȥ˵ģ·Ͼк飬ϣʡǮ

ãҾʹǿǷŮӽϵңԱΧ۵˷׷ǰһŮӽ⿪ϸƳһϣҪʳָȥʱͻȻһָֻ״Сĺڳʳָ
ŮӷһԱӵ·˱ǺӰŵһ
Ůеҵ˵ϣֻڳ棬ЩڳĴָָ׸ôСĲϴСһɫĳ㣬ϸĸһ
г棡ʲô
ΪҹЩҧԲŻ᳤һƬǲŵĻԴȥһԱ֪
ЩڳĶԲһԶˣȻҪһֱҴϣǾ͡
ŮӷĴԸ跻⣬ҲԸһѺɫĳҹ塣
һĺڳ棬ѦëȻĿǼСס֣İ
Щ᲻
ᣬǵȻ
⡭Ҳ̫ˡ

ٸ˽跻µļŮץ˻ȥʣһţЩŮ˶¶ʵǱ֬ի˹Ӷ¡
ֻǮ£ү߰ɡ
ǰǰ
Ľ֬իϰЩǮٸΪҲûֳʲô£׷֬իϰ볯ϵĺˣһƷԱ˸ݹϵ跻˵ЩϵǸ߶õǾôŪ˹ȥ
ȻöԸɶԷ׳겻ھǣҪطأǾǵĵͷߡɲܰ˵ˡ
ôһȻ֤ЩŮǹµģҲ跻һЩõӰ죬˼ҸˮףҪȴ߰춼˵塣
˵𣿺üŮȥ跻£˵Ǽҵ⡣
Ϳϳ
̫ˣǱ˰ɡ
ЩŮǹǮȥµġ
Ͳˣñ˰ɡ

ѦĹһ죬Ǹ֬իϰ޵ģǸ˻ЦѦƹģԲסˣûܺ±ߵˣⲻˣЩţһȥһúùܽǡ
ģѦ鶼Ҳȥҵ¡
ıǾıԷĿΪ˽跻⣬ǾƫƫöԷԸ෴ǻҪȥԷ⡣
ıƣʵ
֬իõһ֬Ҳһǵ⡣
Ѧ飺
ѦһΧСߣŶԷƸ壬Էҩ࣬֬ˮҲһס
ԲεĿ֬Ѧû뵽ɫĿ֬Ȼôɫʲô졢Ϻ졢Сɫɳɫɫɫ
ѦһɫģĨϴ֮󣬲ǷǳͻأɫǳƯ
ǵʲôһɫһ飬òֺѦǵãһѿ֬۾ͷ·ܷ˵Ĺһ
ɫɫҲӣûɫһηϻô˼Ĵɫ
ĸˮ䲻ҵĴɫ
ָֻЩ۵׺֬죬İ㱻Ҹ˹ȥ
СҲˣȻ֬ˮۡѦ鰦̾øСȣͲһ˫
Ѧһ߸пһһֶ֧֬ӵϻƲСӡ
֪޾ССЦűŪ
һֻɰСè
Сһ£ȻԵö࣬̽СӣڣԺۼҽݵˣԺ֬ˮҲ㡣
֮跻⣬ְ˸Ư֬ˮۣЩɫĿ֬ܵ˾Ů˺˫һɫȻô໨
跻ӻˡ
֮Եģǰ跻֬ˮ۵ʱ֬իܵӰ죬ԴԷʼɫ֬ˮ֮֬իһǧɡ
͵Ļȫȥˡ


213 
֬ի⳹׻ˣϰ䱾ҪԼĿɽȥѵ跻ȻĴɽȴˣǮûá
Ϊ跻˿ǰڸλӵʦĿɽôܻΪﰲ
ûԱʹӣ跻ڶ
Դһ赱Χ˵˵ǼλŮӵĲ֢ܵĽַھӷ֪跻ƹѦѦϰ廹һ࿡ҽķ
ľȻнַҽûܾ˳ˣΪβ죬Чãûãڸ￪
˺һʱ䣬ȥλСӵʦ跻βΪ֪ϲڵҽ˶Ҵ
衿
Ƶ㣺478
ʱİʮ˸ʱ
ȻĪҽϵͳˣʼܵϵͳв⣬ʱӵеƵǳԣ
ֻҪƵ㻻ӵ·ߣΪ
ͬģҲЯǧƵ㣬ϾһƵһӣ뵽ԼϴôǮܼ;ò
ҽΪβھǿһҽݣ
跻Ա߿һҽݣ

ٰѾһҽݣȻھǿһҽݣȻ㿪ҽݣһȰҽΪβҵ׵Ѧ齫跻һС˸Ķ̨һǽҩ񣬻һҳҲһªСҽݡ
ѦڷֱҩĳɫҲͬϲҩģһھ˸ˬҩϲһСһȥܽɽϲҩ
ҲȥҲȥҲȥ
쵰
һΰڶȥɽϲҩѦ޵ĲԸ⣬ھﶼҪˣοȥĽҰɽϡ
ɽϵǱ̹ǡ
СԷǰ·§ѦѦ鱻ԼҷڻȻܵ˲ǱߺХĺ紵һ¡
Ҳ￾𡣡
˭˵ˣ
裺Ķ˵һ顣
Ѧ飺ǺԵ̫ãò϶һȦ⣬ǻµССᡣ
쳤⣬ֻȥġ챾ʱѦԼϵķ⣬ǿСҰɣʱȵ֡
վα겻αСҲúúûˣԽ붯ԽԽԽ˯
ҲȥҲȥҲȥɽϣˡ
Сһȥҩ
˵طѻ˷ѩϣѦųͷСȥҩ
ҲȥѦ鱧ֱۣͰ͵
ˣпֶĵ
㲻һѧҽ뵱ôҩԸ⣿ڼʱ죬趼е㿴ȥˡ
ӺӾѦǸ׼СϲԵ㣬һȥģѦԼҲȾ˳ʳë
ѦµҪϲ̿ߣ̿ѬůģϺͶͣЪС黨Ǻ«̰ӳԸûͣ˺ͺţ̣ţ̻˯ֱӱ˯ˣ˯֮ŵţ̼ԡ
豧СֶտҳԱ˯˯˳Եķɣ۽ֱ顣
ѲɼҪһѦСֶգ
ȻзӲ⣬ȴҲݶԷչȥ
Ѧ飺
ѦֻίͰ͵СͷʼѰҩģЦģ͡
һʼѦֱ£Ȼ׷СܼȦط洵ˡ
ѦɽѾʮֿ֡
СҲϷɵʮֿ֡
ţǸֳЦݣҲеʮֵĿ֡
лл㰡ȻһȦ㺹ˡ˵ƽĻѦһҩģһСɣ۱ҩؼҡ
谮ͷ´
ðʱѦһڴӦ
Ȼ˼´ȥҩʱƽķֱˡȥȥҲȥĿ޵С
ʷݡ
ɻҩķһ跻ƣ磬ѦһβҽˣѰͨСѦҩ
Ѧ鲻ϲڶҩβʮԣҲԼĲø
ԼҲȱǼƵ㡣

û뵽󶨵ҽϵͳ˱仯ȻİѦҲ˺һ壬ѦβҲõƵ㡣
һʼ軹ûзֱ֣оԼƵ㲻ûиβһȴʮ㡣
üͷֲ̫ԣΪϵͳ˴ңŷѦβɹҲܻͬƵ㡣
裺
ҽϵͳ϶Ƿһˡ
ԺǷһҭ顣
β۴󲡻СֻһƵ㣬Ѧβ۴СҲһͬʣͳͳƵ㡣
ƾʲôһֻһƵ㣬ѦȴܵõƵ㣿
Ҳ֪ϵͳС
裺
˵Ҳһ£ѦβҲƵ㣬Ѧ鲢ûܵϵͳӰ졣
ѾϵͳѦ飬Ѧ֪˺þãһֱܵвζܰɡ
Ѧ֪ҷżֵǮǴˡ
뵽ҵլһҷĺѦۼˡ
ҲŬβģѦʮԼΪԷЩ飬ÿĸβҷܶһ졣
صѹϣѦԼҪŬѧҽˡ
Ժ㲻Ƶ㻻ˣÿҰǮӹϣ֪Ƶ㻻ӵΪѦһֱ˷ָ衣
ѦƹĿţһöԷô˷ȥ
ѦԼŵ߹һǮӣϡ
ȱǮ˾ʹǮá
ѦԭΪһܺý飬ȴԴ˷ҷռܼԡ
۸ǮǮòһ칦Ǯͻʣ޼
ҹѦ鿴ſտҲǮӷ
Ѧ飺ǮأǮأǧƱأôǮأ
ѦǸʮִ󷽵ķɣƹżĲȨȴӲ˿Ƶķ
һθԷǮӣѦʮֺˬֱһƱǧӡ
ȻǮӱĺܳ󣬵ȫƱ
൱öԷһլӵߡ
úܳһʱˡ
Ѧ֪ԼҷҪͣǰһǮϾҲûǮǺܷİѼǧ˶Է
úǮϲʲô򰡡Ѧһ뵽ҷûǮʱƵ㻻¾;ޱȡԺȱǮġ
豻ҳůķһƱܸжʮůĵˡ
˵ԴзɹǮ֮Ѿܳʱûкǧˡ
㶼ЩԻ͵Ĺȥ


214 Ϲ
ǮأǮأǮأǧӰѲҸطˣѦǸŵǮ󷭷ҷҲһƱ
Ǯ֮ѦתһȦͬƾٿԵļдһԷ¶һ飬ջûзְ
ѵǧӲˣ
㵽װǮȥˡ
裺
Сѵóһ˿֮ɫ
ȫˡ
ҲţǧôһûأѦƹ޷ţǿǧƱ跻ôãȥɱû׬ǧӣ
ѵھլˣѦ鵹ϣԷլˡ
ҡҡͷûС
˵˵˵˵㵽ʲôˣ
ʵҲûʲô˼żһǧ˸īһ˰跻ǰȥµһ¥һˣʮ̳֮ʣڽλϿƶѧӣҾ͡
Ѧס˵ˣҲҲҲ
֪ģҲϰ߰Ǯϡ
ϵǮꡭһܡ
ǮԽԽܡ
Ѧ鱧ŶڴϣܼˣǧһûˣʲôռܼӣģѦСӻΪԼҲƷС
ȻնԷĻ
СС᳤Ժ᲻ɿ㶼
迴ŴϵѦ飬Էʱͬһˮһ̱ڰߣд߿־;СоԼҪɻһһηΣ
Ѧһ㷭Ӵܵǰĺʹ
ʵʵϴο˺ˣԺһǮˣǮܣҪӾͺá
ҲһѦ齫ǧʱûи֪ԷԼǮľϰ
ǰĺҽʱ׬ٻ٣Լء
ǧɢ
þûᵽһǮĿˣ
ǮʱĿģºԷɻ᳡
ѦһͷԽĻﱯ˵Ǻ׬Ǯ㻨ˣܼӡ
ڳȥ׬ǮƿԷҪ߳ȥ׬Ǯ˵ھ׬ǧҲ̫ѡ
ˣܼӻѦæס
Ѧ鱧סҰܼӵϸ̾һٰЩ£ȻʹԷİܼΪ뵽ԷůǮլ׼ױȢ϶氮ˡ
ְֺܼޡ
ʶԷ˷ָİܼо֮Ѧ֪϶ǮڶԷϵǮӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
ÿǮʮӣΪС㻨ǮżҲŸǧһԻˬ
ôһܼ⣬Ѧ۾ܻ棬ҪŬ׬Ǯˡ
跻ѦǲǷϣԼھǵӶúʰʰޣ뾡һа취õ̶׬Ǯ
Ҳһ׬ǮÿβͳͳϽϱ
ھǾӪ⣬ССҲǴѦڸĴȥϵķⶼһȦ
Ѧһȥ飬ѦȥҵѲӣССһ跻緹ӺԺСЪ
ǶգϣůģѦ̿𸽽뿪Ըչ˯Ҹ
һڶϲչ˯
Լ۵Σÿ󣬱㽫չ´򿪣һʵëƤȥαбɹůչ⣬ںʵëƤУΪ˵ǶҸһ¡
ζǰŸԵģСС˯ӣרΣ˸߸ߵĻԷֹԽ
ССη룬һӲһʵ˯
չ˯һ鷳Ǳ۾Ҳܸܵ˴Ŀ⡣
뵽֣߹ãƬ̾ͷ֣һѦҪ󣬷ɫҶָѦ飬ֻɫСָǼֶӡ
衭Լһʵ޻ĺڳ
ѦӰС֣ƵĴ۾ֻ̱̬С
Ѧ״Цöۡ
ԼҲĺҶ֣һȦɫĴҶڵס۾ѦбϣһСӣ˳֣۷쿴Լ
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ٽһϲ㡣
ѦͬһСһеССһβ׼ţˡ
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216 ޵
һһѣҪȥһԼҵӣһССᣬһʮֻͶ󱧱
ܳĽסֶӣ⺢ǰ飬û˻̻˹û˻ˡ
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ССүүһ˫Ĵ۾¶棬֡˼ôأôأ

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ѦԼͶԷĽӷһͻȻЩʶԷĽӾȻÿ
ңСһΰӵʱǸسѿһһȥˣСܰɫÿĽӡ
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217 ҽ
ʮϣһһѵõԲ
滹СѩƮƮѩƮӨİѩӳŻ⡣
Ĵ̿𣬱ŷĻڿŵʱƮϣŮžµıյ룬һʱ֮䣬ӶǸɫȵ
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λΪʲôҸʦܱԣ

ԱߵʦͽһһЩʵΪԶ˵ЩͬʦĻʱһࡣ
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쳤ʦͽһ˴ޱȣû뵽˾Ȼ书֮ߡ
ôҲ̫ˡ
̫ˣ
ˣ쳤ڼͽϺݺݵһۣͽܻ봳ȥ鷳쳤ȴѾתˡ
쳤׵ͽЩĴҽʦβǱһԹۿżҲҽһǸĴԱԣΪ쳤ҽߵܳΪļͽҲѹ׷ӡ
ڱԹ޵ĺܡ
ڶգ쳤ȥϰݷã쳤ҽιҵС˵ھǣ쳤׿϶Ҫȥݷá
쳤׵ļͽܣƻҪ谲Ǹ鷳
һҪúýѵ
˭֪ս˰Ǹġ
ӣ
һȺҲ⣬쳤ΪΪҽǽ̳ͽǲһ㣬һѧҽô꣬ʦߺٻ
۾ûϹ㾹Ȼǰӣ쳤׼ϲѣ̾ѣû뵽Էôһݸ߹үԸȥͨϰβ
ҽּˡ
ձǸˣϷһֽҽ
ԽǺ쳤ԽǸ̾ҽԷļͽͲ࣬ͽͻСȴҽ治֪Էʦô̳ġ
˵Էʮȶҽ֮쳤׸겻ѣûаͽǽ̺á
ͽѾȥҽһﲡȴʦǰ没ֲʦͽǻֽһȷʵһ£ôͽܣѵֻΪǸβ
ͽܣΪиҽߣθĲˡ
ЩˣҲóʦˡ
쳤ʦͽѦλҽһͽܣϡ棬̲סСѵ̼ͽ𣿡
˼ҴҽһǺ«ƵĴ򣬶Сҽ˴ͽܵı£Ҳһͽ
һ͹ԽˡʮСʱԽͽ龴л
Ѧ飺ɡ
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Ժټһ۶ӡ
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218 
б׫ҽ뷨ͽֻüѧҽ׫ҽ飬ȴøлѧϰҽµİȱĲǾĴҽҪ֢ͨС
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׫ҽ𣿡Ѧһ£һһǳõ⣬ĵСҽһ
ʧЦ̧Ѧһ£ǡſھ
ѦǱ׼ġᴵԺߺ˵СҲȥ˵дʷء
ʱǶˡ
ЦŰȻˣȴһЩۼ
һ׫ҽ飬ǵһʷϡ
ңѦˣ̧һȻһʷ˼ҲҪģұҽ飿ⲻаɣ
ȻѦСӴСҽ飬ǡһѧҽСľ
ҽߴ£ǲҪӵܵĺá
ұһؼ࡭Ѧ̧ͷ죬ѾԼδŵװס
ôУЦһ˵֣һҩɣдôҩĺҩԣдôҩβ
⵹ͦõģǷܵѦ۾ͻȻҫ۵ĹâĻպãĲҩͼһ˵ĺ϶ˡ
ⱾҩͽСҩ䡷ˣ߾ʱһҪǿⱾһԷŶ
һҪдһ𣡡
ѦԽ˵Խӱе˵ĸԣ达ס·϶޲ֽ̾ʱ׫ҽȥˡ
ȱܣѦӳؼҲǵдһддҿ
Ѧ飺֮˸ҳ𣿡
д⡣
Ѧ飺
Ѧһɤۣǰ˵Ŀգǧһ仰˰ɡ
ѧѧѧܿģ㿴ӾͰҡ
͵ʦ㲻ܰ˸Եİá
Ҳܰ˸ԵԸ
СҼҺȾˣбͰҵļúóһ㣡
С
ӦˣѦЩϲԼĶӣޱȿĵô´ʱܺúˡ
裺㻹
ѵ㲻룿
ǾһһС˫
ѦЦҵһһС˫
ȼɣǸʲôС˫ÿԵ֡
ҵ׼û˵СС㣬㿴ɣǼС˫϶㣬㣡㣡㣡
ȱ˭һǸС˫أ
ǸŮ߶Ҳͦõģ
תۼ䣬Ѿ뿪ٰˣº󣬰һ˱ȥУٰ̫̫᲻һ뿪Ӳ˵ҪСС뿪ȻһȻ̫ãѾ˱ȥʱ
̫̫̾һҪһ˻ȥ黹Ӷھǡ
һ飬žһ˹ǣĸҲ̫ˡ
һǲ۰Ķӣ
̫̫ÿֻ۰Ӻǣ˭

ĸúݵģȻֻЦ˿ޡ
̫̫ôᣬһ˻ڶ뿪˾ǣºɣɿһ֦ðѿѦ̾ͰϵĶһƿ⿴ɺ紵Լķ˿׷ɡ
ھǹһ֮ѦСӱʾԼѾˡ
壬壬ߺòã
壬Ҫһߡ
塭
ǱߵĶӺӰĴϣôҲԸ뿪Աߵ̫ӵ±ССᣬҲ֪ںˮСֶ˵Щʲô
ѦԱһƳмλ᲻뿪
Ϊ跻ۣ֬Ѧ;˺죬ЩǺãҡһһҵģȫ̫ӵһǼҵСֶաССᡣ
ȫò̫ˡ
һĳ֪࣬Сӳ϶ǸӣʮʮǱɣһСӡټ󣬺ö˶Ǽҽס
ǸϱȥҲ˸ŮҵĲ˼£zúʡ
ҼֶŮ
ҵĵá
ԴˣѦֻװƣһӵĻ£̴ȥ׵ССȥ
ǼССĻ£ǳ֮Լɡ
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һ궼ûǵϸס
Ѧǻ˻֣Ƶ뵽ΪʲôǣҷСкССʮ̫ӵ¡
ⲻƽ
ѦòƽʱѾλӵľҳɹ̫ӵµĻ׶ССᣬƿӣ˳
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СһһûУѦĻһգֱ˯˹ȥ
ǸûûεСֶա
ѦıССһ̧צӾͰԼҰĿ
˯
Ѧ̾ͰĶӻ׵Ļôһ·ǶԷźˡ
޿κεĽӹСֶգ˯ԼĴϣ˭֪СһﾯԻͦߣ˯ҪҲҪ۾źߡҪ߸˯
⺢ԽԽˡ
㣡
ǣô

˶һѾʼʹ뾩ǣյڶϣ洵ͣѦ̲ס⿴Զȥĳţˡ
˵Ҳ֣һֱڴҪ뿪ǣҪصٰҪĸ׺ͽ㣬뿪˾סµľʱȴҲһͻıռġ
ѹ֪ΪʲôǻЩˡ֮ǰ˵Ҫٰ
СҲÿ뿪һطʱ򣬾ڴ뿪ȴлøˡ
ţҲᣬܻ˸У֮飬
ʲô
ߣƺ͸ܲˡ
𣿡Ѧ鿪ĵıס˵ֱۣͷڶԷֱϣȸԾָȥССʮķ
Цסֶ֣ˡ
ðɣŹСһ
һλؾ·ϣѦ˼²ŵٰһ·ˣ˴Ŷ˰ӣһ·ɽˮŻȥǡǴգһ·컨羰ʤա
ѦסǼСֶոסСѲҡҲСһˣһߵСֶգѧ·Сһ޲ǣ֣Ѿܡ
ĸĵòǣСһһֻ֣һʮ·ߣСֶոѧ·ԽԽϲ˱ţԼ·;ţȵˣĻſڵļϢ
ժ⺢ӴĺܣѾ򵥵ľӱԼ˼ˡ
Цժһž黨
ССһ֦ž黨ʮֲȵСܵѦǰ
Ѧ鱾΢ЦΪСҪеĻ͸˭֪Сһǵɴһ˫ÿ۾鰢ҲժһС͸
Ѧ飺
⺢治֪Т˳ϸס
Ѧָժһž黨ɽҰ̺ĻɽȪˮһѾԽԽˡ
ɽϵ컨ˣѦժ˲Ҳ˵ֵҰƯĻһڶһ
ССЦİͷϵĻֻѩ׵ĺһȦ
һ󣬾ץһֻ
һץһֻ
ֶֻץ֮ڲצצˣСС㶵Ŀеֻ
Ѧ飺ۼСС˼Ҷө˺ǼССᾹȻͽץ
ۼֿ죬Ǹѧĺӡ
˵Ժúѧ书Ŷ
ѧ
ǼСֶձ˻СֶգѾ˵Сֶˣ⺢Դӻ·֮󣬻žܣϵСⶼȥάסֶաĵߡ
ҲԽԽÿԽԽ׵衣
ѦǱڵСС̾ҺþǵĹûпǼССڵģȻ̤׵˸ࡣ
СһԺܿԷ
۶ӿܳԲ𷹡
ΪһͰЩ׵ֻûпķͰʡ
Ҫٰˣȥɡ
ţ
һһ˳ˮȥٰСϸһ·èŰӣһ·óԺúȵĻٰڰСһѾ˰ǰĴˡ
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СССͱˮӾڴϼˮ˷ܣҪצȥԱߵĽˮԼһСģҲµԴһͷԽˮ
ûӣֻľװһˮ־͵ץ˼㣬Сһڴˮ
⺢ôһ쵽ôࣿѦֳ°ͿǼҶˮ
ȴ˻ڡ
Ѧ龭һ·ọ́ھѾʮˣǼССᣬ˯һ̾ÿ춼Ҳڡ
һҪһҪʲôʱ򣬶ҪԼҵȥ
ǲܴŸСһȥ֣һ־ͲˣʲôҪ
ھܲˣӡ
ۺھͦӵģƺʲôƢûˡ
ܵܵһưɣһСֶյ÷衣һ·ϣѦѾ´ˡ
;ۣǼСС˸ۡ
쵽ٰˣ׼´ɡǰ˿ѾٰܿϤͷԼԼܿڰж
˵Ҳˣǰǡͬһ죬һҴٰ
ƫͷ˿һĶӺòɵķɣǸֳһĨЦ⡣
Ҳһ죬ȴǹһˡ
ǣŷɵ֣ﱧŶӣһ˴ƹĹǣ߳ͷֵٰС
һ·ߵľƼңſľƻӭչһһֱǱߵỊ̇ѵļߣðһڵ
ֻص
յĳϡǰڵѾȥðߡ
ǣ˵֣˺ܿͽһҴϰҽݣϤҩߣеһоʱۣʲôˣֺʲôû䡣
ˣ
ƹڻˣ
ˣ

ǵĵҽֶըˣַھ˵ͷɻ˺󣬷׷ӿҽ˵ԼˣøҿҵŶ
Ѧƹİ˱࣬ûϣ
򡭡
ɣӳôˣϣ⺢̫˰ɡ
򡭡
ЦźϤĽַھ죬һʱ֮䣬СҽЩҪһУѦЦƳ۴־ԼСȥһ˱ࡣ
һһҽﴫѦû̧һҺ࣡
ۣ
ҿİСҽЩҪ˵ĻƷݶ
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