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Ϊνô޴Դ֮ĻǱNǵʱ֡ǹٽ׺ű㲻̫׵ͺñһ˷ˣͷȴ⵹ҲǼ̲̳־⣬ҪNʵ۶ʵ۴һӸ˸֡ǺӣȻɲױ֮ǰơ
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СүôĿһСǮֶ԰ɡľŭЦϸ֮Ҳǽҧš
գӣȻһͭ嶼أ˼뾳ȷǲ֮һ΢΢ЦţʹѵѹҲһ̩Ȼӡ
ڣľģòᣬȥȴһס
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ľһ˱ۣһһԭⷵ㣬һںүСǮȴܲ𡣡
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˸۾ˣǶ߰ɣһ˾С
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ѧѾȴ˵㶼Ҫߡ
ѧ̫ѧҪֺ뼸֡Ľ״ʯݣ׳ܺϱĻɫϹһī²ꡣʷԳžжһ鳤šѧ֣ųţԶԶܼټĿյϵһʥǰҹϢ
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Ҫ׹ʲô㲻𣿡ѵʡ
ǲϲϲ¾صľ
޿ɼǵǰһٷͽ˴򷢵ˡѵ۵
Ϊ˶Լ
Լѵ۳Ц
ԭҲûٰľֱ׳Ҿ㡣
ϢѵۺǱĵؿһۡ
֮һ仰ǲľֱӡ
ѵ۲ͷͬڰ֣ԸŸȫȥ
ľ׼ȫΪѵ£˾˾ֻƳһ׹Ҫܻա
˰ɣ޲Ը㣬ûɡѵ˫һ̯
ľҲ⣬ҹٽá



ѧ鷨ӽľ
ѧרŹϢĵط¥δѧϰڳ֮ΪӸ˵ѧռع㣬вٹݻǶռһӡŮӲͬһһ
N˵ŮΪٻӣѡ¼ȴӿ̰ٱ㵼¹ѧŮӼ٣ӱ֮һ
ӣľǸԸʦĸϾӻһݣ鷨ʦعʵӣ׼ȷЩ˵Ӧǰޡ
ǼҪǿŮӣعȴЩʱ˵Ĵ壬ìܽ֮ɴ롣
Ǻ룬ϵһֱӵķ񻹹һعʵ֡
ѧҪһ˼ȥʺϣȤͬһⱾʵ
ѧǽѧãԴ߶߶ѵΪ˸ĸ߶߶ĵġ
ȻϾֻһ뷨ֻĵĴٹ֮СӱǴ˾ٵǣͷߡ
ңĸ꣬²ʰɡľڨڨǼ⡣
ԣ⻰ľȴ޷ֻ֡һλĹľ֪һõСعʽľʮ鷨Ҳδܽĥ
ŴЦܺʣֵ㱾ܺʡ
ľ뿪ڣӸʱ俼ǡ
ѧˣľӰڣԼԼгº棬ѭҹȥȴ꽫һΧСŪ
Ϊ׵һץס죬ǽϣӣһҲĥĥǸң㲻ҲܼȮ죿
ľϵΪ׵꣬壬ɵĶӣͬѧѧӲǸ飬ͬ壬ʱۼһﹷĴҫ۸ˡ
űһСʯӣľͷ˲ȣʯ߹ȥʯںשǽϣڰСŪע⡣
СŪеתͷľ
ľۿǽߣԴͬЦأ
ڹѧҫаԵ˵˭ǣֻľʵ۵ãǿұֶҲӣÿͬ¶һЦֿɰȴ
ٹ¡üߡ
ľȷ磬²СŪ˭Ҳûд˭գҲܴ𣿡
Ȼ˵ǲ֣̬ȴҪ¡ǲһɿ뿪뿪ǰԻźݻ´ʰ㣡
뿪ľߵǰܰ۵꣬Ŷɫ·ȴ㲻Ժڣһ˫۾ļ¡ϵļ˿Ż£Ӧµ֡
磬еСǮıȴЩƲۡ
ľͷӣȴûҪĴ㣬û°ɣ
û¡ǿرԴľЩ
߻һһһ𣬷ű࣬ƽߣ֯
ľ죬Ҳȥû¾͸ϽؼҰɣɫˡ
˵Լת뿪
СŪ꿴ľıӰʧҰҲ̧ͷ˻죬ŷǽվ
ľ߻֣ٵԶǰǡڵӦǸմϻŽɫٷ
ľԸײվԭصԴ׼븮ٹȥ
ֻϧԸΥ
βվʯʨԱͼԼľ
ľֻ΢ЦȥСүɰմ
մӹ
Ҳûȥˡľͬ΢Цŵ˵ͷӾҪߡ
ںȻסڿҵЩ뿤˵һ˵
СܹضľԺҪָһ㶫Ȼ⡣ɫ٣ԥ֮ǵͷ
⻹ľͷһԾԶĴŽȥŽȥһһӰڣɿ̰أ˴ֵϴڼ͵ͤӡ
ҵڲͷԸ
һרŵӰͤӵУͬһʯʲͬһѼӵĺľȦΣ沢޻ơһ˵ɢ竹ӣ۽üҶġ
ľʯϣ˫ִʯߣҵĿҵôˣ˺ܶ𣿡
æѧĿҵһδ¸ĿĿҵһڵ
㿴ö𣿡ľ档˵ûϹѧʱŽɣԻȥ֮ʹڻûϹѧܲܿöҪ˵
ڵִһЩĶۣ治ɫȷԭΪԼѧǳùѧĿҵ˿ŷֱֻǿĿҵ
ľ˹ӣֽȥ
ʦصǷӣ
ܿ㽫ľĿҵȡ˻ڽֽչ̯ϣһ⣬һͬΪûйֻ̣д𰸣
ľ𰸲𣿡
ȻǶԵģûй̿εó𰸣
ľ˫쵽ǰϸСɣָۡ
ڵĿƵϣ΢ü״ѯʡ
ָľֱ׳΢΢һӣ츳
ľջ֡һû츳ŬȴҲϼЩָҲãһЩȴֻܸɵۡ
СүҽΪڿң
Ȼǣԭһ¿ڿǱˡ޳ָָֽϼȦĴ󣬹
ľЦЦүҲȴǻеþȵġ
˵ֲϣľڿŶԡ
ɫȹŮյһģľ˲ʱµĵĿ⡣
ЦһϻؼڽֱС̯԰ӣһֱŸÿӵգҲýпĪҪΪûʲôóԶ
ľüڣ˼ҷıգĳʳ಻ֹһ޲ڣҲ˱͡
˿벻ÿˣǱðˡЦ
ľĿ˿ջ̬ȣԾͲԣ˭ϡһˡ
˾ͽľ
Ҳδ֮ʤָſҵϺüͬס
ľԭЩִôϹѧãһѧöδϹΪܽʲôõĶͬ˼⣬ͨ׶ԽԽлȻ֮ƣֻÿÿĴмһЦǻڱһ䡰ʵڷѽ⣬Ŀδ̫ѧѧ
ĸм䣡
ľ߷ҧһ˿ƺȷʵܺóԡһ顣
ͬľе⣬ڿ˽һĵϣջۡ
պιôٲѧ
Ѱ£·ƽһŵʱ䡣ľƽղ󰮽Լĺǫ̃˵ڣܾһЩѹһͷ
·ƽлɵشľС塣
ľֱͦЩҽ۸һƯС꣬ҼʱֹǣǸСⲻҪһٴ򡣡
壿΢Уǵ
СүϵӦϵ׻ˡľ˶٣һɵؿڣĪҲϵðɣĸľĹٽ׶δػ
ЦһݿǸԣ
Ȼڹѧ֮Ϊ۸ͬӼ߰ߡ
ȴɺֹӦЩƵ

ľһţһЦСүȻС׼ףСүֱȴ
ڼ⸱ģЦָָһԵҪѧ
ת⧲ľ㶲ŷӦͷǡ
ÿ
˵ʲôѾ׼ٱ
úʺϡ
ҪԼԸľ⻰Ⱨнģʲô˼
֮ģӦǺѧϰİ
ڣǲң
ȭסЦ⣬ʵ⡣


׹

ľǴӦӵ󣬵ȻԲΪڵĻҪ׷ԭ򣬿ΪôõĶżҲһ¹һµĸо
պľȥȡ׹Ŵ߶߶׼ĵĳţǡÿҡͣںǰ
ǰ֮ľٶκνĻᡣ˵˷ѿ࣬Ǽֱ˷
鷿ſڣȫ˵Ļظѵ鷿ӣܴšľޱص˵ͷȻڸȫ˼һµƿ鷿š
㡣
ѵ鷿͵͵Ⱦơ
ΪʲôҪ͵͵Ϊ
NҪĸľѾ˵ˡ
һ򿪣ľѵԼٶձӣ⣬ĨͣӵȶĲ裬ˮһǳɣһǹ߷
֣ˣ̧ͷҡľ߹ȥѼװרעӹѵۡ
ǹѵһԱһɨְԼľƱ;ƺóôˣ
޶ʱ֮ʱ֮ȥܺãðɡ
Ҫҵ׹ľֱ׳ѵ֡ѵ죬˰֣ҸȫҪޡ
ľתҪŵĸȫ߽ӵ£һö׹ű͸үˡ
ľһֱүʲôúүĸү
Զ
治ʲôúү
תͷѵۣҲʲôû֡
ԭڻﻹȲڡľھ͸ѵۿһñӡ
ѵ°ͣҪȷˡ
ľ΢΢һЦˣҲȲϻɩɩץסֺȾƱӦĻ
ľתߣѵۺסվסСʱ״Ҳ״ôôгϢأ
Сʱ»ɩҲ»ɩľҲѵûϢȥ
ڷѡ³ѵ̯֣轻˴СûһļȻ
Ҳûж׹ȥҾԶҪɣ˵˵ġѵʾ⸣ȫľƲغá
޽ջҪԺѧʿЩȥɡ
ĿλεĻɫӰԶľʳָ˵촽ĿƵȥùŵĸȫϡ
ȫӭĿ⣬Цú
ľŴ߳鷿ȻվڸȫǰתͷȻСүһּܿ˵ǰɣ
ȫһΪڳ·˵ǡ
ѧһҪԶŵĸľҲȻ֪ݡԵľ˵ҪʱѸٵؽֺͨܿȥڡ
òϵǣڵݳһһεͻľ֪
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͸¥󿪵ܿվñֱĹ
ľ˶¥۵Ȳں͹һŮӡ
Ůľϵãʵͷᰣɫ˫ǽʵҡǮΪ׬ʵ費֪ϲ
䣬˺Ⱦƶÿ飬ľû뵽ھȻܰ뵽Լϡ
ڵãľʱһ䣬ĿƮ糺һ·תϡ
ۣһŮת˼ġ塷
ľվ¥ݿڣע⵽Ҳͣãתͷ
᰹ùһľżĿ⣬ȫûд˹йŮһҵǸ⡣

񲻶ԣ˻һ
ĹŮʶĲ࣬һľķǡŴϧֵĽֵżῴװľӽϾʹϢͨѾߣ֪жĽ
ᰱվľӯӯʩһ񡣳߹ȥľ̵תߵǰסֱۡ
᰹ﲻض񣬰ŲһʵѾĽ㡭ǣʵѾһ÷ݺܾˣǲľͷͬЦͷͷƲûеõúþͰˣƤҲͬ֬
ŮƲ糾ˣľʵЩӦλһӵܺɫĶϰһŮΪλŮɫ
ûü˼⣬᰾ͱȹû
ڽմһɫӣ촦ŽɫơβɴľϤļڽָͺŵһϣкιɣ
ľһۣתͷᰡ
ɫϴϴۡ
ʧЦŵǸȴ˿ҲֻβĻһ㣬ƫͷԸ᰹ȥĩ˻һ䣬ͻȥ˲Ψʡ
ɫһ뿪
ߵſڵʱػͷһۡû߿ǽһ˫Ưָͬ
ʧ¥תǣľǰ˫°һԣϻڻͧѲǺ᰹ﹲ
ü
ûϾĬϡľʵҲûҪͻȥҿ͵㷿ͺãϾߣʱ䡣
תӣȻ𴽽ЦһЦȲǼҲŭЦľһеͷԡ
Цʲôľ
ûʲôұ£
ľ£һֽǲһö׹
˵Ŀڴȡһö׹׹ϵĽ߹ָ⡣
ԣľҲû֪ǲǣͷͶˣܲܰң
͵Ķˡһϣ׹ģȭϡ
ľ
ǰûаѵһ֥͸仰š
ʵö׹Ҫҵģǻһʱ⣬͸㡣ľһʵǻҪ׹ġ
˵ӺͿˣ
ľ
ôñôȥñأ
ЦһȦεķϣǱΪ°µõĽͣ˵Ҫߣδ̫ƽЩ

Ҫ
ľ˵ͷУʵҵһۼö׹ұԵַǳСүҲ֪Ե֮һѵãľָ׹ѵܼһԵĶСүͳȫҰɡ
˵һϣĿڣͼͨϵ񿴳ö׹ִŵϲ
ڶ۾ҲգֻۣŬ۾󣬵ȿҪֲסʱ׹ֱڹǰһȦ
û뵽ʮ׹Ȼ뿤֮Ե֡Цֱ
Ÿɬ۾һ٣ľʶֱˣˡ
ڣ㵽׸ľ׽ŪЩգվ˫ֳӣǱѹһ˫۾ŭ
۾е죬ڰ۸һ
΢°ͣһͻ˹ľҪǲܸ
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ľʽ̫ˣҪ̸
ֻҪﱾһæ
ľ¥ݵʱûΪæߵһʱײϻĹ
飬űӴŬᣬ̧һļ磬㻹ǻ·ȥҺүĺá
Լ·ˣӳŤͷԼ·ǲǲմ㣬ľȻҺүûĶ
Ӳ⡣
ľûн͡
ɵģմ᰹֬㶼֪

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Ϊﴧ£ľͷһ˯һǳľڶ絽ѧá
ѧֻɢɢ˼ڷܵѧӣľҲȣ̧ͷһ۱ֵͷ顣ľ۾ŹǷߵԼλϣһ飬û֡
ľתͷһȦѧã˶ڰؿ飬˶硣
ⷭ˷һҳĿͷд
ŮӦ˼̰ɫ
ܾÿͷһ˵
Ȼû⣬ɨһ۴ݣľ֪Ǳʲô顣
ⱾСŮӽ롷ǸŮӡ
NǴһʼŮٽ飬ڵŮλв죬ȴҲǼŮһһŬĽЩɱŴǰŮ˼룬ЩŮҲΪŮӽ롷еĴ
˵λˣľЩԹ
ľʦĸ鷨ʦعʶ׵ģعȴĻȢӡλ˵ҲЦĽعҲͰˣҪӡ
ľżȻüһӡӵһֿϵĳܣľȴǼԼķ۸λ˵дġŮӽ롷˺ӽˮŲ˵Ƶ֡ɡ
λòᡣ
λЩѧĻСĶľ裬һ붼λͼӴ׵ķݡ
ʵŮӽ롷ﵹҲȫɣǰдŮӸص壬еġһȴʲôŮӲͷ¶棬Ӧȫȫ̷̷ţΪҿ֦ɢҶ
ľ˷طЩɲδд档
һֱⱾŵϵֻһ仰
ŮӦ˼̰ɫ
ˣľԶһͷڸġ
̰˻̰̰ɫ
һŮ˼Ĵӵߡ
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ƷϵĹԱÿնҪ糯ڵα㶼硣
ҹδ˯ĺʱľǷ۽ǶʪһƬԭǰڵ͵͵һֱڵ
ľһעڵĶ֣һ飬˯˴룬鰸վ
Ȼָ⡣
ڽôЩĿΣȴûһѧĵΪϷƺϿεķֻһ֡һĿ𣬴𲻳ÿҵõѧ⡣
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ᡣľһ̹Ȼڵǲ֣ľһڿϱǴΣͳΡ
ֱʡڵ
ϹȻһЦ
ľϵġһŵӣǡĵľƫͷŻδüĳЦЦң
˦ϵǲۣĿ˴Ȼûӵģɫ𣬴󲽿絽ľǰ˾ͽľʲô˼
ľûʲôӦܱߵѧȰͣľܲǹġ
ԣľͷʵǴĵġ
һö
Ļʵˣʱ֣ۼ̾ҪľкľŸôȥµһ˲˿סˡ
Ѹٵؽ˫ַǯס̧ϥһӹڵϡ
ԴӵЩ졣
Ŀһеź飬ڱĿѰ£
ү˾ͽľȶ֣ЩΣڵĻĵĪЩη壬ҪԼժɾ
˭ȶֶĿãǴҷ׷׽ĿͶľϡľһνִһǷ۽˳
ۼԶ۾ҪŭȰ͵̴ߴľľǸ
ļָ֣̌ᣬȻָ塣̫ʳֱָӴļǣ̲סֱ𱳣ֱʹȥ
Цȡ˵ѧӣӦƽѰӦӳЦӦб𡣡ľ۾᷺죬ǺԵƽ⿴һܾί̤ҵάд𣿡
屻һŵߵڰ׵쾪ˣҪۡ˭ϵԶߵ־ˣ˿á
⻰˭˶ףôҲľĴ
£бҪ԰ݷһ¶λĳգɨһľ뿪
뿪ĻбŤƳȥ塣
ľһһ߿뿪ĶѺͷˣ峤ôδܹί
һ뿪㽥ԭȻϸ΢ԽԽ࣬޻Ŀľϡľû̫⣬ԹԵʰ鱾
ѧʱľȻڡץȥɸϵǸ
Զڲʵľզһڶ˽һڵݳޣľ̬ܿ
磬ȻǱȲԶԣ
СүԼȥɸãαӴҡľһգ۾̲סԹŵˡ
Լ⣬ȻҪԼԲЦ
ҪľæľͻľȻôעˣڲŻعζֻҸȥɸˡ
£İ취ˣľһ׷ӡ²̨Ƶһ£嶯ӣ׾䶯ŭ
ֻǿݵδڲһЩڵ
ίݵôģǾ±˿һ㡣
ѧӲӦб𣬵Ǳ˵Ǵδ
Сһ鳤ʶꣿûĻȥˡľ治ɫغ˵˵
΢΢˶ȼСľ⿴˿Ѿڽϡ
ǲ𣿡
Լظ
ҲԼظ


ߵ˼
ԭͬһľһ֡
ľһ
֪յľٶ˿ࣿڿ˿ŵȥµİʡ
ûʲôرĶ޷һЩ鼮Ѭ㣬ҲȾϵ̴ľûʲôȤֱſųڣΪ˿ࣿճѵ˵СүղһҲҪѵѵСӡ
Ŷ΢һüԭǵֻΪ˰ﱾæö׹
㻹Ҫҡľعδ˵ĻŴ
ȻڴҲδٿ׽Ū
ݳȻݳ޵ĵһҲίԼڽ˿ûеľԽ롣
˯Ժ֮ʱһĶľӣۼڴݲȵջӣЦڣǵˡ
ľüĿڵƵеȡ
һ䡰ǧ
ľȥ
ӵ뷨ֵ
Ǳһ

ҷ

ɴյϢصڸ⡣ԶһͣЦӭľͬʲôҲûһͬʺá
ǸԵľͣԶҪĹ͡
Ȼɲ㷢ѣľȻҲûѻɶӱ˵ĵǹɵͬ˺á
嵽ı磬վڻߣ޵ĿȴҪľճľҲԴЦؿȥ
ֻǻڣվľ뻧˵ŻҲҶľʲô
˵ǰɷԸ˱裬ľ
Ҳ׼δӣǳ⣬˭ˣվţ
˾ͽվü⣬δ˵ֱɴϣ죬ȣԵ޹ʳֽѵ㣡
һתǰľʱЦȮӲ£뿤Ҫƽϡ
һľñ˵ȷڶԷǰһ١ֻҪԼĹݣҲͲ˼ָƤһָᷴȰ䡰ֻǸӣҪ̫
ɶӦԻǲЩ
ʱҲǸúɸֵĿ޾ͺɸֵĿޡ֮ƱҪֵľǧָʲôʮĴ£ˣ˲źô»СС»ˡ
ҲԡľԴϴü˳ۿʮֹɣϴ̬ȳϿҵ÷ĪЩġ
ֻǳЦŬҲò׵Ȱˣȴ಻סƢ֣ܲ˹ĳһСﻹ̫ˣ˱㲻Ҫˡ
һΪϴʵΪߵԴǣۿľǿѹȥĴǡ
һʵڹˣ
һߵƲСҲסһ㡣ڵڹٳˣܼܿңүؽãԺҷź򣡡
ܼӦҪߡ
ǧҪľվסҪߵܼң̵ؿŻɣǹٴ򣬵˯ʱһһܣھʹɣ磬Ȭ硣
һ˾㵵ĿϤľϡ
ɵıάֲȥˣľһһס
ľ֪顱ӭĿ⣬ƽȰ˶Ҫһ㣬һЩ˯ʱʹһ֡
㿴˰ɣ˾ͽľһӣ屻ľˣҲ˲ϵ˭ڳ˹ȥҪۼֿĹܼס
ҡľĿһ¶ӵı顣
ǰֳһš
ڿһ
ҷԭҪĻż߻һԶĿľ˺
Ŀ¹Űҷ
ľվԶΧۣȻСػ˼ӣȻһؿ壬¸ңҲۡ
ŷִ磬ӻɻۡҽһ˫ľķ˾ͽľɺһϵľּ˼֡
ľ̲ססˣҡҡͷͶȥͬ
ӳڵ屻̧طҩ
ҵĴ˵ҲضԼĶ֡
˶Ѿ̧طľʼһϵڡ
ľݺ;ԶڳٵǸΣҲֻأǿЦҹ̲ܽϣȻ飬ȻҪܷ
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֮ʣ̫ѧѧӽԱڹԺ￼ԣѧѧմ˹⣬˸̵ļ١ľ˴ʱ䣬ͨǴڸͼ档
ʱǽͷʱЩϹţĿԺԶʵҲʲô
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ӴӹȡһǸľһ߽ӹһߴȤӲ˽
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ָűϵǽשѹӡӵģľͰ׵һǹء
Ůɻ䱻˵ʹ󣬸ЩάֲסЦڻԱߣס
ľͱҿЦˡЦͼ½ҹľӣԹԵ:˭Ҫ㿪ЦҪһЩġ
ڿУȿĶˣƵ
ľһֲۣ״һӵġ
ľѲɻ˵ү𣿡΢΢죬ǡֵžȵĶȣȴֲŵ̫¶̬Դǵү绪ïô˵үأ
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ſƽצô˸СƾһءڹԴǼȡЦζ
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ľãǱļѧʱıԹʻټɥȴֻԭ޴롣
΢̾˿ǵľƫͷδüջصί۵ס
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ľ븵ĶԹжţеָһľϡ˶ֶ꣬ƣֻҪֶ㹻Īжܳ棬ֺοֻǵߵڰס
Сү۸ˣľƫͷ
ЦѲǿ۸С㣿ǿҲرˡ
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Сүô͸ˣľʣƽڳӵƣŶҡУټгŻֻ˹һߡ
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ڼⷽ棬ʷַһޡ˵ַֻһӣƷ׸ߵĹԱвòõʱʷΪԹ֮ף˶ָѵ۵ı»ûвˡ
ʷֱȷʵҡݳޡ
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Цһ˽޸һƺʩլʺ񣬵׽ԼǰһȨ̰ܻߵ֤ݳʸ֮¸ǼʵǼƽȥ뽫Լժɾˣ˵ҲֻʸȨ󡢹֮֮ͬ뵱ʵ
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豳վǰ棬ľǣһûһͬ˵ڣڱǼѵãǰȻҲ˾ͽľһ졣
˵ľһЩҧ飬˵˿ûᣬ۲ò˾ͽľȵңү󲻹СһϷˣ粻Ϊүܿɡ
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ˣԼ鲻ãӡ
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ĹһײȡĻᡣĿĳϣ㹻ڣѹĲߣNʿǷͷȷǸϲķʽ
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Ǹʲôôܺ档дСĲȻиߵܻͣ¸ھֻҪͨļӡ
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촽˼ľǽԹĻ£ѵĽ㣬ӵǰ;븵ɡ
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Ըʲô˿棬ȥ֦
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ŮϯµĹأѵۼλŮΪ٣һֱͬŮӴܵϯһŮϯ
еŮȣѧ֮еŮӶн顣ӵĸľͬЩŮٵǻ죬һȥΪڳλá
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ŭľ濪:ȷʵҲǵһˣƹˤա
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ľڣŷ˦Ŵòü˵һ䱧Ǹ                        
лҪ˵ľϵù
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ˮֳ֮˲СĶľǵԹòƽϢ˳˳˵ķ̸ʡ
ҥԽԽףľ븵Ϊڴ֡ľ⣬ΪŮ֮ĶԹһΪӣƺŮһеĹ²žʿš
ľҡϣݶ̾һѾкīԶˡ
ǳô飬Ȼܵ·ҪľӣҪڼҽ£ҪͬдһǸ顣
ʱľΣ𲻳һ֡зִ磬Ѿֵ˷зҲûдǸ顣
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ľȡʿͷ:Ϊ
Ҫ
ҼľԼҲûҼʵĵط
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жæд˵Ǹ飬ŵǸ̫ͬ顣
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ģЦһǣĴѲɻȥͷүǶΪүġ
ľҧǣϾҶ𡭡
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ľܷ㲻ΪϹȥľĴӲȥ
ľ죬á
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˽ܸҰҵĹƳ棬ǡĿڡ
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ľգգۣԲǡ                        
лҪ˵Сү?ٲϱû˵ɡ

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ڻľǴĵģ¶ԹѾáƽʱͦ飬˵ǱŽȥġ
ľδŵʵݣߴʤûѲźϺ
˾ͽľڶԳҧѹŻڸǰǰһƣҲڴϽơ
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ڸǰЩҲ⡣ָߵأȻ֪Լǿˣ
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뾸Զڸֽβһ·ܳ˲˵ֻʱķլԺ̫Ҳ
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ƿҲգ·ʱ̲סȭִЦľһ·޿̣Լһ˼ӿųߣ˦

ĹԹغһ棬ѵۼλNͷһؾٰĴͱԣ¶Դ˼Ϊأһǰ㿪ʼѵѡĲߡ
½ɾԶȫȨѵǰһգԶڸ뼸λĹԵĹԱ
ĹԷΪԣNμԵʿɺִѧʿ𣬲μԵɽָʹ
ͷǰҹ¹һ⼸նΪ졣ĳ˼βƯĽǰЩģ˵ǼϡƷ֣ƽǸк֣ϲĳһۻȪӿĳˮУˮԣݣɷǺÿľ㣬Ҳ֪ڲƽͶ
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ɵľٶȻֲ֣ޱԶ˴˴βμĹԵвߡ
ľָͷ㣬̲סѣ˴βͳʮˡ
ǲ֪͵ôдľʳ׵ˣ˫۴ϣʳһһŵӣɢ
Ž˳βľȻһŵʳĽɢ֧ϰԼĶͷյҵǶˡ
֤ݣΨNƷ׻ǹٽ߲УһʽݣһݴڹڣһԼţˡò󣬶ľȥΪ˳ͷŭ˱˳ҵȴôЩδʶ֣ȴһϵ
ʳɾľ֣ȥá
պ˶࣬ײˣײү˵ײ˿ɾ˵ˡѵ
ҾȥԺúܼҰѰѰϻľ֤

ĿԲţɮԲţòšٿڣľֻڲͬıϲ
ܼľѰѾ˺ԺĲϵ֮ϡľҪٷǽȥһҪϵֻۣ֮ôӴųȥߵȵͤʱӭײ߽ĸ
ڴ˴Ĺ֮УҲ֮С֮УѰԼֳ֮˺
֪Ǹ֮ãԼҲǾøһٳ⣬˴ȴ쳣˳
ű㱻ֺסͼ֮ڵĲôֵ͵ʱҲΣһȴЩᡣֻǸ룬챦̫ף챦洦ɼʱ۵ơ
ģСƹȣľƵߡһϡƽģ·ϼŮȻܽеó֣ȻǺ͡
ɫЩѿȴҲֻһ˲ܿ컻Цӭȥ
ľɰ
ľһˣ䵭ûˣҲˣҿۡ
Цһ˲΢Цʲô
氡ľҪ춼Ѱ棬㲻֪𣿡
߬ȹڣҧһδĹ˸ܿɲ̫ðɡ
˼δǰֺˣľڳźľȦαϿС㣬أҪ̫ˣڴôһͬҪɡ
ںľȦɢڵľֹƣϤϲˡ˼˸̧ЩԼܹҡ
ٺõҲܲסСܵǰ˵ҳ˺·Ů˵ҹҹ˵˳ɻڿҥԾˣ㵱ˡľߵŷ֣ǳǳĻָۣ˶٣Ħŷ֣Ļƿ˵ҵġȵҪҵ鷨Σսҵֲˣȵۿֱҵĺá㳭Ҫ׸̫̫ףٸҧһ˵ҳ¡ʮһ֪Ҳᵯ٣ȴӲƵĿǰұʱ˵ҪҾȳӮúȲʡʮܵҵδǰ˵Ҽ㣬ִ㡣ˣҶû缸ˮ
ľһһؽо٣߳ŭ΢ЦҲάֲסˣЩҥֻҪϱţ⡣
ȷʵҵ⣬̫䣬ôߵĻᡣľס̾ϢһΪʲôҪݺأҼȻ⣬ʳݺһֲ𣿡
Ȼܣȿһˣֻȵˮɣ⸽ǲˣ뺦ң
ľ޹̯˫ֻ֣ǽ˵һ飬ôܽк㡣˵飬žôıơ
ȴⲻ˵ţųһơ
ͣվˣȽᣬȴԸ䡣
ľָڴϱЦαϲ˲䣬Ѱ˸ʵƣ˶ȡ
۾˸ſϡ
ʶԼˣˣ촽ڷ˾ͽľ
С㵱ĸǽжľֱ΢ЦˣСľӪʮˡ
ľ̰ü³⸽Լû˵ģ޿̣Ҳ˵⣬ںҵ鴫ȥ˻һ㣿
ݺңľ΢һü˱죬ѽҳóԸΪԲŹң
ü죬Ȼ󺧣ʧĴɲӰ
ļ̌۾ɲʱۿͨ죬촽˶Ļ͵̧ͷԶߵ¥󶥲㣬󿪵վ˲ˡ
ƴߣĴңľȥ棬ľѹüŶ                        
лҪ˵ľװҲᡣô۸ѽ



˺ȻԶԲϵ֮뵽ƴʱЩͷԡԶģһߣԼ׹档ıĲײʢĸСĿʱ˱Ϸˣŭ
αƱʵĶ޷̡
飬סڵ¥ӶģľվһȺˡ
ֽ
Ϊ˳ƵѡЩǰΪľǰͷˣڱƭķŭ£ԸΪԴǼҡ
վȺ֮ףľ࣬ɫĮؿŸ滨ģ
αƵ߱˺ºԲȡͬҲɵԼϳΪԺȺѧʿͷϣŮ١𱰣˭ԽԽ
˽ŽΪľȴδϵľܹôί
ľͨ۾ڵһ䵭ࡣ
üʣˣ
ľڸȺѧʿǶ飬ãȻתͷŶġ

һվŵĸ͵Ц
ľƳһֻۣͷҧֱͦȴĸùԮȴĮģΧۿϷ
ɨسţǱģľ˲ͬ顣ûܿݵ˵ãӴ²¡ľƳһ߷Ըܼҽ֮ǲȥڣڴԼҪԸҸϾɱˣҪѡ

ľҪظȻ˽סʱڹĺִٵش˫֣ϱ鼸ãǹһ㣬˶һҾǰƫǷֻһָ֮ժΪԼǰ֮Ǹ
ľһ˫ͨ۾Ĭ˰Σڣ±ʥ飬ѵûѧ;˵֮Ҳ˵ʥѵ㵱ԭ˰ɡ
ļ̌°͸߰Ťͷһرȥ׷ѾʮֿˣƾʲôҪˡ
ᶼۿתˣĶίԼĻʵ޷ͻھΣѣһʹ˼ʹ֮ģʱʱԼһҾݼᶨ̤
ľ㶣վ̾һδǰҪ̣ȴȰȥˡ
ʵұ⡣볰Ҳ֪һ仰ʡˡ
Ϊװ۾ʱµ̫Щɬľգգ۾Ծòȥֱ̧࣬ȴڿסֱۡ
ôˣ
ľ˶ֱۣ۾Ŭţ۾̫ˡ
΢ü۾üܵ۾ţѻ𣬽βĵԽ糺졣
ѱܼȥǰֻʣˡںһͣʹظס۾ָβһ˲ˢġ
Ȼʶֹϳȴ֪ԼΪҪؿԼľϵ֡
һ˲ֱ㱻˺ݺһ£צÿľһһڵӷģһֱ۽ǣĨʲô
ֱȻһƬֶ̧أľûб˦ֱ쵽ǰЦЦԭ˵ġ
ˣ˭Сү˵Լ𣿡ľɿ֡
һΪظƽۣΪأ
ҴȦϵʾӦ飬ø¶Ŀľֱ׳
ʳסн˷ָ֮һ˿覴ñʱϵĻ۱Σϸ֮²ŷ̵ֿǡƴ֮֡װϿһۣԼüӰȥƴȻƴ˴

ȡ֡
֮ǰ
ľҴҵشĻĴָһСүĵһ
žͲ
ԶΨڽǰҲûƢ
ڶǿĴĴָ٣ε۾ʱ֪㣿
װҿ˵Ӳźáľ۾Ŀòһ㡣ʵڲϷų²ߡ
ΪԼܳɡһ˫Ư۾ӯӯҪ޲ʱί˫۾ʺЦ£һ⡣
۾ΪԼҲ̫ƲˡľԼܴ˳ᢵǲǿ˭ܳ¡
˾ͽľҧأӳݷǸʲôˣ
ڰȹǵĴָ÷˰ף÷һָǽڷ󴦵Ĺͷͻһ顣ȹǱ߬ľĿϣǿҪεȹǷ·δ³
ź󾱣ľɫСүΣǹˣƽ׽ˣһһӣݹ󣬾˫
ڵۿɼת硣һ˲ֺȻϡ
ЩƺѾƿطΧϮ˼ò¶٣ҲҲΨǰ֮˳ЦЦŭΣŲ˵ֹ
Ѿܱһ˵ľֹǣ
ԼһЩߣǰƣڤڤü⡣
ǷһˣòţüۺЦīɫķ崺̫ۣ˭ὫѪ̵ĽϵһһŽӡһɷġ桱֡
ָʹ˴ڵ֮Уڽ˼֮Ҹ£ۿָʹ˹
Խָ߽ʹϵЦʢ
ǰľгϲأ
䣬ȻЦ
˱ֹȻǾʶҹϵǳ
ľȻߵǰ˶һۣŻǰվŵ˵һͬǰվǰ벽ͷ
벽ľ벢ȴʮְۡ
ɫջĿ⣬ֻĬһ˲̧ʱȻѰǸɢģñõȡ
ľѾŤͷص˵
ЦõȻĳŻĲãѲ˾ѻసҪ鲻٣үĪ֡
˹֮Ϊ·ǣæ֮ܳǰѵãλˡڴǵĻǡôƲѱֻˡ
˴ǰΪĹ֮£תͷͬľЩʱ㡣
ľ˵ͷͬڻ˻֣ÿ͵
Ӧֻһ˫۾һƬƣʱп籩ꡣ

ϯɢȥָüģĿԽ򿪵ڱľڵסǽͷϡ
Щ龭εرۣЦһˡ                        
лҪ˵Сү

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׸



У֮е˲, ̨ųмλսպյĽ˴ָ̨ȭಫʴһƬȲ, ֵĽһۿȥΨһȺ׳м䣬˶״ΨǽĹӸ磬ɢɢؿ̨, ѰϷһ, 롣
ôʿӽ԰ĳӱׯѵһ£ʦлϽѵľݷлϽ, أͬһУ
زȥ˴ĹԵһӦ˽ɾԶѵʱ᳣
ľȻҲٶʣȥѰлϽ
ǰʱľֻЦͬһ, ǹ£Ҳδڴк, ˳ȥѰлϽ
УеС̰ӣľлϽͬرм䡣
ľֵذصıǰһ㣬ԽͬлϽ˵˳, ˫֧ϥϣŶֺЦ
лϽߣүսɳʮ, СڣľЩĹ״ֻԸֱ׵Щ
ͬ˵˻ãָʹ㰴ţڳôˣ˶ûӡȳľţ˱Щ
ľͬһ𡣡ؾŲƣľ֮ǰڣ˵ֱ°˰
лϽһˣʲô
ǰѧȥ򻭲ͼһӣ֮־¡һ㲻ľӣ鶶˳ľһţʲô֪
ָļλΪ˸Ϊ游ͣѻõС죬׷״ЦҲЦŬûס¶һЦƫͷ䵭һӲЦ̻ȥ

ڣѵܶľһ㲻òȥæľظڡ
ڱסתЦЦԭϵñ
ľգգۣλСүôˣǡòҲͶͻȻëݣСүÿôܲϵء
ڵɫ˲١Ȼ֪ⶼľķлһ㵱棬ƫƫ˵
ʧЦÿ

ľϹû˲ģ߰˸ϲ֮ʡԴ㸹̣ȴҲ˳ÿ
Խġ
һΣǵĻȴ
ɫ磬ľ˺˱ͬ𣬡Ȼȥˡ
һ𡣡ߡ
㲻ס𣿡͢ķӶӱׯס£Ϊ˴£ľҲסڴˡ
˴̫̫ӲطҲ󡭡
ˣ֪ˡľȥĻڵĺȣﶼǹѡͦߴӣôͽ߳ƫƫҲòס
˲ߣڸһͷҲһأ߲˼ľ䵽͸Ĺ߳һšһη䵽ȥˣɫطӣװ˵Ĺϵƺܺá
˶δͣ½Ųľ˼ں˵ϣδ˵ľˣҴǰȥѲ˾˾ְһȥҲͳѡ
ҪԱڶһһһνָʹĶӣױ丸׵ѵѵۼλҪԼţһָֽʹ
Ѳ˾֮أڵǸľȥѲ˾顣Ѳ˾һճ칫Ѷˡ׷书˾СľΪ˵ѰĹŮȥԶٲͬѵҲ̫Ѳ˾
ľ˫ֱ·ʱ뷢βһһ͸еǵģ
һֲҽҲҡѲ˾ǡľ䣬ʱɡʱֱҵס¶ģܵģǱ븮ﰵɱġЩɱαװģ廨ţҵΪףȥѲ˾ѧһЩ֮ϾǸִһˣֻҪһһЩֱȥΣա
ȵϢʱñȺ֮ʱзֻʣѵһ硣һڵŵᱣѵۡѵסǶӣɱǼҳ㷹
ľƵᣬ˵ɱʱֻѰ꣬Ҳûк¡һСԳҪǣϲ֪ʱӡ꣬ҪȥѲ˾ѧֶΡ
ڼЩգ±ȥİѰѰ˭ὫѪʱҲ쳣Χ쳣ΪУ۾ı졭
Ѳ˾ѧѽ˵Լı£ľϵıʻ٣ܿݻ۾ȴԶı䲻ˡ۾ı£ﶼûȵҡ
͵ģҪǷҪĴ̿͡
»̧°ͣԹԵ԰صı£ԣȴۡСҪĵ׽֮˲ţԶҲ±˶һ͵Сﻹѧ黭ѧʫǣѾѧ
ľȻδ²ػͯ꣬ҵҽָʹ˵ʱָʹͷˡÿ춨ʱȥѲ˾ǶʱѲ˾ǲ˵ģңΪ˲֪˶¡
֪ˣٶ˵ڼЩæشĻ䣬ӲԸЩΪľ
ľ̵ذһڿǾ̫ˡÿ˴ԼıʱȷʵЩɲס
죬ׯſʱھֱԼϡľ˼˼ؿһ£˳ӵ˸ʵ
ί𣿡ںȻ
⻰⧲ľǽǰĻʡɫѵм棬֪𰸡
ίľָ㣬㿴ڻNһλҵд֮ҲҲڶһʥĿˣô׬˲١
ĳҲҲڶľȻԸ⽫Ⱦùڳأڱ˳⡣
ǣ֮ҾóĿľһǿ

ɫ

˲̸صĻֻ޾İ, ʱڶʱΪ࣬㶮µίԼڼίȫֻԸսצ, Ժǰԡ
ʱľ˻ȭͷ͵ûĻľȥһţҲϲԼ, ںү, һ΢һĴڡ
תľȭͷûüջأ·һת, װ۾
ʧЦװ׾ӵݼϺֵ֦ԣǵЩ
֦ľϻسԵϻĲ״, ʶסӣ, ԾܾղУغҪȥ, Ҷһգ
˵꣬ڵɫۿɼľΪ̫̰, ϵҲС
˵ܣۣһ·Сܣ̨ףżˮɫȹǲżʧҰ
ϲɡðݣȥԶüЦһһСү˵ĺܣػˣԵĶ岻
ѣүС÷˲Ÿǹʽ
ںȻĬ˰ΣٿѾ˵µ䵭˱ɶˣ
һ㡭˶٣ձɡֲŵߣͼڽ˺󣬡˲ʱµǮûˡ
죬ٿĪ硣޲⻹գվѵЧ

֦ϷӱţҲŲá
ͬľĺգһҲľϢǵϡ֮ʱƴǽͷˡ
Ժˣľǽ֮ܵϣֻŴеĿյڿлε
ģмֻǣ𴽣εɫ˼ˡ
ľϲҶЦЩҧгݣЦˣȥ
ڲŲæִֻյģɰĽҲһԾǽͷǰ棬ǺоƤĶˣ׳˴ݻĸо
Լľɡ
ôмˣû֣еЦ¹ŨѤǺӡ
ԭ㣬żϣϣȥʱ֪ôתˡľ۾ټ죬Цˣһѣ
͵ЦһʼӰֻܿʶļ򣬺ЦԽʡ
ܷܲȥЦľѺܾˣǽͷŵԺӶ˾ס븮˻ĵطԶȶûзӣżȻһǽͷҪȵȥ
Цˣָ֣ҡ
ľ֣ҲŬǰ㣬׼סʱѣץҵץֱۡ
˲㡣˵ţȴСֱۣ۷ľ
ǽשխľھԶǽͷϣͬϥϥǡ˾֮ŵϵľ㡣
Ⱦˣľڵλǡõסϵ¹⣬һƬڰľü
ľ˵ͷƴ˼ڿĶصһˡ
ͬ˺ȵģ
ľڸ߿ѰȥΪʱȵľơƣҲ֪ǲĻ̥
ѽʳָĴָȳһξ룬壬ľĵ£ɶĲȻȵĺ˵ЩʪȵĹƣûƲˣϾǾƣΪȵֶ࣬ⲻЩͷ
ƽΪһӽάȣǹͷһʱǲƽô뾸ԶҴġ
һַһȴǽͷȥӳžԶǽźá
Լ𣿡
Һȵǹƣû
ںЦһûʮΪ٣
㲻ΪûȾҲɡҲز
˴ڵļľʾÿҪȥˡ
ӣڲ֣ǽͷԾ£һַӣһʱǻ˽Ҳýס
ڵϣľŷӦӦûǣĺȵЩٶˡӣЩա
ɵˣЦָÿĵ
ľƳ˵˹Ʋˡ۾ͼԼһ㣬ǰˮ̫࣬еͷӦ˵㡣
ԺûеƻƴʱӣҲδߣֱҲûСľ۾ͨ죬¹⣬ž飬߷ֵɫʮֵľޡ
ķӦʵ㶵ģһ˫۾ûκĿԣֻΪ۱ҪһطպþͽĿЪϡһ˿룬̫ɾ
ڿˮ۾һƬϲĶȣһϲȴһҪõȶģǷľɣҲֻп޵ѡ
һʮ㣬Ҳ޷
ľĵķӦڲŸϣȥȹ򷽲մĻңԺ̧̧°֦ͣܳ𣿡ˣܵôʲôߡ
ڻع񣬹ⶺûˡ
˵ûӡڲ̰֮ˣҲûô֦ܽ͸ˣˮܴˣȴֻôһ㣬ʣµĵջӡ
ľԶΪ˱ڸ֮ڲͬΪóɲ֣ǡ
СԾͲ԰ɣҲǷǲһڡ
ٰæͻȥɡļֳ̌˳ӣһԼӻȥҪм䡣
ڴָۣһСƬϡƽӻʱٻô˾֡عϵõܻ˵Ҳȴǻһصߡ
û֣ܿסЦ⣬˶ֱۣľӵ־͸ŻΡ
ѾԼȥ
˵ûѵĺܣľûûص֮ûƵһվȡ
˻һüҪ
ľ۶۵ʶԼЩˣګګڣǸ񡭡е
ϷʣѾ𣿡
ȡ                        
лҪ˵ľľûز
Сүɣһ

ľ

ƴһ֧, ȼã϶ųɶѵֽţС, ľƳһ۾͸ͷ衣
Źģƣ׼ҹæµˡ
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Щ, ˼ο׶ûע⡣ٿȻ̧ͷûʲô۾һȾһЦ⣬ʲô
ľ䲻ĶŵؿڴϣÿںãûݿĻˡ
ûԼ͵͵ʲô˼, ̹Ȼ֪ƽ竸ݶǼ, ΨղżʱźȻȷǳ͢١
ڱĻЦѵ¶һı飬ڿ, ƽʱͲǳ͢٣
ľݸһ񣬡ԼȵλʱйԱ븯, ݻ߱ȱȽǣҲҲһ㻹ܼҵġǳ͢٣ֽ粻竵ࡣ
ľƻδѡЦֿЩۣüǣüǳѻƵ۽޴£һƬӰֻЦŵġ
ڵ۽ǻָⰴţʱβϹɽҰֳкꡣ
˱ȥϢɡľɿӣЩһҪ𣿡
ֱߵĹĺڶĹϣִüǣ鵲סһֻۣۣƣ۶ЩͳĹڼһӦҪ̰׵˿ࡣ
һƣ룬Чǲߡľƹվǰ˫۾ҰѰɣ
һĲ⣬̧ͷ¶ֻЦЦķۣΰﱾѣ
㲱ſ顭
֣ͬľһ䱸һ˲ͱָŶͷһ¡õ󣬻סֱۣľֻԴ
ǻδѣѾˣ
̫úȣľʵϣζ֡ﲻ̫ȾƣǺҲֻȹƣҲлѾζЩϰߡ
ǲȥ˺ȾƣҲغѾ˹֡
һ̫࣬ôų˵Ĵˣ
СүҵĳǽѾĺúЩҲʣ˰롣
дһһףڴֶ̰·硣
ҲȥΪһسζ÷Σضľж˼ôЩҲֹѣҲɲʲôв
ں庢Ƶģȫ꣬ȥ֦
ľƫƫͳԺ庢һףһһںѾԱһƣȥˮգˡɵö˫ִڲ£ϥϣ۾ŷǵСӡ
һֱ¥£ԸȥľѾãֱǲȥ֦·ϻĥԴӻģүʶ˿ƺʹӺүߵΪȵġһػصģþóԵģǽҪ͡

ӱׯѡγ˵һտʼ㼸һֱšʿԲȥͨŶϸţԵþԶҡ
ذһ黥ԡNһ䣬սĽʤҲֻѵۼλ佫ĵλߡĹԣѹNһͷԴ˴αԣѵ۶ԵĹעԡ˴ж׵лϽ˳ӳ̶ȿɼһߡ
ؼڳУʱ⣬ѵӣУĴԶƵʿڵԨÿÿʱһӲˮͷɹüλǱƢЩ̲סҪһ١
رڵĹСһҪ
˲ض񡣡Ͽȴܲõ񣬺Цڴʱһ˲
ľ׷Ҫ׹˿Ĺص䡣
ע⵽ڵĿ⣬صͷĦһ׹䣬Ӵ½׹סһӡ
ޱƿ̨ۣġ
Žվ˵һĿ⣬ԲһѺ
ҺүޣҲŶȣܲЩ佫ŭԵ㣬λĵֳλçֱԣͽ
ǱçֱĽպ飬ȴ³çӻ𱬣ʤȴҲԹٿƵ˵çֱ̱ǰһ˴ǰɳϣ¶һ⣬ӣСɱʱ㻹ſ̺أ޶⣬ǽӲһɣ
ڱ鲻ɤźĻֱڵ̫ʦϣӣ۾ɢ̧ơ
齫ֵģֱ¾ֻȭͷһ̣е֡
У˳Ȱ΢ᣬǲЩˣλҲϲһĹǽķָֻţְڵȨƣŭԣȴΪǳһͷȻǱſϷ顣
ԡڽӸţ˹ӣ˱Կһűվá
齫ûģһжЦôˣ˻ң
ںȻһǹһǹ󣬿ɫ࣬롣
齫ǱתסعںھӪ֮а֣һëСӣδϹսѧ˼ʽҲŻŻ⺺
͵̨һԭ̨ϵ׷ڵء齫ڣһ⣬ơ
ǹȥվ΢΢ףͽ̡
šü˿̨Ͻŵļƣ³£̲סͬлϽлϣ齫ûأһԶˣǱǲý
лϽ˰֣ϣ̨ϵıԵʮָˣʲôȿüȥ齫¾ͺá
齫˫ŵ͵ȥҪһơһҪȥˣŲŶѾȻرܿĵ档ǵʯϣ̶ӵĦ
齫ͷϣʮ㣬ûˣԼ˫۷飬һӡ
ɢشڵӰ֮УèƵź齫
̨ؿýţֻڵס齫ˣҪھסţæ齫飡
⻰žؾڻ䣬ɫ΢䣬һתΪ˲䡣
żУ齫ŭģ˺Ѿеģ󵶱ǹǹһӣһ˴ں齫ϣ˴ſڵء
ʧڽǹӸСԾ̨ᳰŴǰ߹
ڴߣͱö׹أҳ
ү˵öľ׹
ڽŲһ٣ҧЦŵͷֻǿľġ

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ľæ, ȥѧʱ䶼ܡ
Ĺڼõ, ˱Ͳ࣬ĹʱҪ¶棬ľѵ۹ϵŻʼ棬ʱĴŴ絽ڱ׼
ѰŹ󻧵Ůһ, ϲ, ΪŴ綼˶ţ񸮰Ź, ѵۻȥʽģ߶߶Сûʲô˼˼ȫľϡ
ֶ棬ֲ鰸, ɩ˵Ȥһˡ
ľÿն㵽ʹ, ѡôϲĹװԴһ·ûΡæ󣬻صﲻ, ûȥǽͷ羰Ҳûмڡ
÷ʪƵ, 鷿үѵˡ
Ĺƺƴ̵ˮĶ࣬ĹȨھԶϣвõݺô
ԶҪܻ¸ȴҲҪ֤ĹԲ©ȻҪ֮ɿģ˴߱áҲ֪Ƿⷳ˵ӰˣүƢúܣżҲ֪һˣһⲻˡ粻¶Խ
һλĻͷĸ̡
ɫӣȱŵľ׹ջҡΡ
մӱׯڱùľ͵׹ҳ
үڳԴöһ򽲾ԭȹҵһֵǵǰЩӺȻȥⷿҳǿ׹ȻҲͰˣʱȥӱׯӲӣ⼸صǳ֡
ȹЩףǰյ֪׹ǿǰʱҺүҪǿ飬ŻȻԼ֮ǰû˵÷ԼΪܷ

NҵѵһٵĿֻľһãҪѵӭĿаֲ׶ױץסѱ
ӭ֮ڻԶһƷԱλǡڻ֮£ֱ߱ľ
ľմһɫĹȹƽʱͼж㣬߳ѣѵдȹӣӳԼܿһϸ׵ֱۡϸżˣ˫ֹؾصؽСǰȷŮ
۾ڻܿϸ̳Ľë
ڵĿ⣬ľ΢΢ƫͷ¶ɻɫڿʲôǰȻһ޴Ӱ
̧ͷǰվһķΣͷСĸߴӡϻһֻ˶ĶʮӲʣϴЦһ˫۾ӥ㣬ǿơ
ľϵĴ˴ʹߣĵĴ󽫾Ұ
ľһؼǰȹƣNͣ⳥˵ҰĸҰɹ⡣ҰҰɹߣսʤСҫľѵۿúŹ׷֣֪
ҰڣζڴӣЦ
ľֻö䶼Цȴţ˴˶ڰнϾ
ҰӦò޹ϸԹҰɹֲ֪١
үΪ·ˣһȻϱ֮緶ҰıNٻϵĳΪǱNˡ
δҸ֮һҰ߿ˡϾյʽͳһͨľյ٣ȴϯûƱָñڣһԺõĹŮ̽յյݵҰǰ
ҰͷһʱȻˡ˶ƤڣôҲܿ͸̣Ƿʲôϡ
ɫδ䣬װҲܺãӲϿһߣǹŮִžƺףؾأ
ļ̌űǼ⣬ԼֺֻĿ⡣
µӦϣҰڰζŲӲڡ
ҳľңΨʿϰߣҰΣľѧʵڴоζƳһۡ
ҰֻԼѾһƬհףֻ̼ľζͷײЩվסԼһѲŻȻ̼ù쳣ľȻ˷ʣҪѾȡˡȻ˵ңȲߣʿ
ģʿǶһߵĿޣûԸԼǸų
Ұǿװ򶨣Ǻþơ
ζŹ֣ҰӺЩܣǿŻصϯϡ
ʲôƣҰ֮ɫȻѿˡľЩ棬ֽŮйƺݵձ˽ȥ
Ȳϰߡڸ¾ƺǵľĥӲݴҪ˿׹͸ȴֻһľ׹£ɶµûţɫҲá
ŶľЩˣ䲻֪˭ǵСүˣҲʶȤĲȥţɵһǰľơѵֻȹƣζ΢΢˵ǹ衣
¾ƱľЩ档ƳȥĿСΪ˿
ľĿ̫ƵΪεüãȴػضץ͵͵̫ɰ˼ۣһ롣
ƵڿյմһƣЩӲֻһڣޡ
ϯδĴǹԱҵ̸ｻע⵽ߵĶľӣƹϹڵ⡣
Ϊʲôһɽĩˮζ
ľ³⣬ֱðỨֻ򶼴ֱ̼ǣ޹ֺҰ̳
졣
ľǰףߴһĶſ졣
һӡ
һʱЦãδϵӦ֮󣬽ιüӡ
ľӲ˲۽ðỨԲ㶼ҪҲ֪˶ٽĩˮ
㡭ľʶصס͵ߵӣô׼־ư
һѾֻʣƤָӡƻ治׼ģʽϯ֮ھжֽŵģNΨһˡ˾ͽҵЩطʵ֮ͬȷǺԡԶǧѵ۲аҾԹú󣬱ȡػ֮ϡֻ˵ҪԶҲû˵һ
йһкҲûкȹѵ͵ľƣҰڣϵľƵ֮ء
֮ζѹ´룬ľ˲٣ŵݵԼߵӣлֽסš
˿ԣȻջ֣ʪë˲֡
һʱ
һС֪䵽ѵ۶Уϯľֱȥ
ô˵պҰˡѵкȥδԴ˲
˵˭ľָԼıǼ⣬޹գգۣ𣿡
ﻹˣѵʳָһȦ
ôͺҰˣľһԩı顣ҭҰ˼Ƣѵ׼ģڸģôҲñСİɣ
ѵ۰ڰ֣Ͼʹ㲻ϲҲٵ͵㣬ʹЩӾͺãڵʱԹٲһƻĴⶥñӴȥ޶֪ô㡣

ԩ
ԻľվڰʯϣŶͷ죬һ֮ɫ
ôˣ
ľͷڣޱ̧ͷ죬ڵһ·ѩ                        
лҪ˵Сүľ׹˿ľģԲ͵͵ӺÿɰǱ΢һ
ԼԼ

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ϧֳȥ¥, żҶķΤǶķڴ˴Ұһ˰ߵڵ׵˶ĶƮ, һȥ۵úܡ
ӮɣķҲû̿ڣԴ򶷼ңԸ, ע˼, ѺעҲͲ١
в뱱N֮ѹӮľסˡͷҲԼҵĵ, ȻȲңʲġ
ƱľľΤǶķǰľȻͣסţ˫ְļ磬, NӮˣ˵ûûл, ı䡣
⹦̫ǿδ顣
, ˵ľļ򣬡˵Ǯ
ı䣡
ľ, ҡ̤ķ
ľһϮװ־̤ķӭ˵С˼һ㶣̵ͷЦʣǮ
̿ĹԵӮľһգĴΣ
СЦָһ壬Nһ
ߵԲҡѺСģµ˫ƾţӮЦ˿ޣ
ľվѺС̨ǰΧŽ￴Ѻ˲٣ׯĹθڣְϣҿɶѹˣ֣
Ѻע̸ȭͷߴ١
ֻׯҽҿѣСһȺ˴ض㡣
ľķĴ࣬ĶȤͶ࿴˼ۡ
СǸɫģϸʣӲҲѣ
ҲᡣľֻѺNӮɲ뱻ķǮ
򵥣´С忪ӿѾͻˡСͬׯʹ˸ɫΧŵȺľٿһǰ档
ӿԲעȿСЦӲ´С
ҡεѾׯ£ľ룬ɡ
Ѵ򿪣󣡡
СĴָѽ
ѣľػضˣС˾쳣ˣǼѹǮȻ׬
ľмѣ˵סǿ縻Ҫһʴģ߼˶컨׹޷ǾҪǮġ
ķĴֶڷĴ߶ǲɢҲľǮ
ľ˼֣Щɢ׬ĶСǮӮӬͷСûʼ䣬ķǲߣľֻó֮ǰӮǵһѹʱĶڵѪ͸עѺ걱NӮȻֱߣҲͲضôˡ
һ꣬ľɫ˰֣˲ˡ˵Ҫߣһתײˡ
򡭡
ļ̌ͷһ۵ı黹ûջأڳڴˣһ𣬱Щ
ڰŤӣϣǰһƣһת֧ϣ׹ϵɨֱ
Щ
׹죬ǰڵö
ġڽľͷϲԶ
ĻľҪڵ˦ȥͷ˽ŵټȥҶҪûˡ
ɱʲôϷʵضۡ
ҡûǮˣľһһ١
ƫͷӻͳһƱľɨһۣǧֵбڣǮԼͺá
˭ҵǮģľգգۣȻӦڵǮҲķˣ
ľת˸һקסڵ콫קؿһׯңŵʲôǻǧڶķӵɽɽɿɽ
ڿսŤС
ԭҪֵľֱתעû˵
ˣ´ٴӦ㡣ڰԵļ磬һѺС
ĳûòģȴûвʶԶġׯҺС˶һۣ֪ϴˡ
үѺСׯ̽ʡ
Ǳľװ磬Ȼݣáֽ־ĺ߰
ľҧת˸佫һ߸ׯ˵Żһ̯ʱһ£ַΣ
ķľʱϳǸϻֻҪǮģ˭Ůеã˳ͺáһ׵˵ˡԶֹܣ²Ǹĳ輧棬Ӯ˵ǮүΪҳˡ
⡭ĿҲ̫ˣСò⣬ʾϰ塣ׯҲŶͷϵ亹ڵֱĴȡ˭֪ĳͷһܵľǾԶ̰⼸ûˡ
ľڼضסȥûĸɴ಻ˡڰ׹׹գü۲̧Ǳȥʣûʲôġ
ׯ̲ȺԺܡ
桭ľȣȹϵ׹Ӧϣˡ
͸һö׹͸һöľ׹ڽ׹ľǰϵĶֲڣ˿߲β룬ˡ
ԭڵľû˵Դʵϴ»һõġ
ʵҲȫʱڻţ֮ٵµףҲĲˣĵģһϺõҲᱻȥⷿԱһľġ
ڸҷڿ뿤´׹ͻϷʣľ
ׯһʱһְ־ݵͷŻ˵Ĺӣһɽ룬ԳĹ¡ķС˶ʮֽ˶±ײһ㿴ǶķĹ¡
СǶķĹ£˵үݹ٣δԶӭдܣүˡµıׯһҪһЩôǰᶶ
ڲͷüֻΪ֣ΤǶķǲͣ
СŵȣսսƵư߶˲١
²˲⡭⡭үĶע̫ˣ¥СΪүһׯ
ڵݰ˵ķǮģ϶עһҲǧδһġȻҪҳӵģүҪҳӣ˭ܲҡΪԶһׯϻë˳ˣϽ߲Ҫ¡
ǮĶģڰ׹ùţڶľ
ľѾ֣ܿ
С˰ϣڼţҲׯˣͼɡ
Աߵľ£˼ʲô֣пɣξ档                        
лҪ˵СүܼҶľľ㶮˼

ķ

ķһ롣ԶȻ, ͷһӦķҪˡ˵ķˣѹԶһͷΨеʥϣԶҪķ, ǾûסķٲҪĲҪģɸ´ķŽһץȥġ
ľӵڣȻһǧһЦĴˣڴԼҲϲ˶ԷĲУҲ޷ǶŶԷȴûöԷꡣ
ķԼҪ, ľõ, Աߡ
Ҫģľġ׾Ʋŵ֮ǰζСʱŲ, ʺˣɺϣׯҳǧ
䣿Сյ裬ڽҿյƳһۣظһߣɫ, ̲ס
ķϺõƬ, ľȴûôƲĭһڣǰҿⲻ𡣡
, ڱϣӮ˹㡣ڼȻһƱڶʱͷҲû̧
ľЩС, ҵѡСҪĥ졣һһƱӣڴļޱ飬ûһۣľҲ㽥ˡ
ȱǮľȴӲܼңᵽǮĸо֪һǧǸʹζɴ۾ϹѺע
ֵ۲ѣҡӵׯҳһ亹
ԶĿһֱڶǮĹϣֻͣʱŻпһѡķǧҲҪˣԶǮȻӮԶµĶעˣķҲࡣùӮ֣ׯҲŴŵһ֡
ڱƤӵֽŷŸɾһ㡣
ׯŵһ£Ӵ˳
ľӮһϲ޹ִţҲ̰ͼӮǮһǧĺˬȥȱȱ֡
ˣʡ
ľҡҡͷСƵĻҲĲˣ°ɡ
֪Ҫ죿
̽ΤǶķϰǸķƵĵطļҶķ󶼻볯йԱйϵNвٶķ¡ֻҪԱʵ˽Ҳ޷Ҷķȴֻô򵥡
ΪNһȨѹε֬ѵۻ˲ٹļҲϵĲƲ򡻹вδ¼ڲᡣ
ļҺĲƲ˶˶ԵϣһǮȴ֪١븵˽ܣ򡱻Һ󸵹ĸΪɾټҷ磬һ꣬ΤǶķڸ֡
ΤǶķԿźÿˮ󣬴Щ쳣֮ǰмҿʮĶķ˵ΤǶķŵ˵زѵ۱㻳ɵ򡲻ɵǮʵڸϣΤǶķˮΪϴǮ
ǰԿҵ˽ˡ
ľ֪˽Ҳ֪мҶķǹڵģڼҪǮҲһΤǶķ
ľСҪ죬ѲǮġ
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ľĬĬʵ㣬Ǯ
͵Цһ˹ԭüۺȻеĮ³һ顱֡
ӶķĴӿһȺʿαľδһ˲ŷӦ¾ǾԶĸ֪򽫾ž񣬵ϡ
ֵǵʮڣűȨŲȨڸ󡣴˾ΨֽģNһɽ貣ңNɽ飬Ʈ㡣
ķɲʱһţŵģĴӴܵģлˮƵġ
ޱػľǰҲŽĪ¡
ľʵ£ֻ벻ͨΪҪߵǮΪĳҪתĳעԴ˵ʲôֻǼ򵥴ֱ˽ķΧǶǮ澿Ŀĺڡ
̧ۿͦεıӰϽ߳ݵ̵ļ米ϡʵǸ׽͸ˣľ竰ǰڣȴҲ
ûĮģЩİԼһٶƼڣľ㬵󾱣ƽһڿֵϡ
ŶӮǮľֻ֣ײǮο˶óķǲò䣬Ǯľûİ
Ȼķѱ⣬ЩǮӦϽ͢Ŷԡ
߸ڶ飬ڲЦľǮǿӮģȻ鿤
ľҡҡͷ·ϵƱɽ˦Ӹ˹ʶؽסһ˲ֵ̿ؿԼҺү
ͬԸڲߵľǰķʲô
űNĵ֮ȣѹNӮı٣ѹһѹNô̫󡣡ľ˵ͣмֲ˼
µʣԿ׼˶ٶע
ʶڵ£ľԼ׼ǵʵڲŤͷڣ۾ΡΡһָһǧ
ںܲӵĳЦһǧѲɿˣ
ԼҺүϲڻ˼ҹĥҧδϲȴҲúүûֹϲġĹﱻүôڿ࣬ôԸ⿴ںүǮ̡һƲϺүϺүǮٱүأи˻ܰѿ嵽
ԼҺүƢĵģϸܺҸŸɵҲһɾûˡ
ľݺһۣҪߣֱ˹ס˺졣
ڣ
ڷŵҪѺעȥ
ΤǶķӻһҶķľﻹڵȣȱ˴ڣҲҪ⣿
ķĹΤǶķˣֻȥƸ֣һľĻŵһЩż
ڵЦ̧ߡ
ķűϾǰŵ̿ڣѹĵıȱN಻١
ʾΤǶķӮǮȫѹڱNϣڽϡ
ôҡľδ˵꣬ϵҪʣعĻǿӮǮȻڿϡ
ķǮǻصķľĥһ֮ǮԼˣȥĶУҲûٿܣİõشظ
ߺȻķתһȦĺүһҪȥˣһתͷͿүߵޱرŽŵùĿġ
󡭡ȥǺүзԸ
үԸѹ˶٣NѹںүϣӮˣ鵽¡                        
лҪ˵Сү˭
ľ



ҲҪغ, ľ˳·һȥ;ȴֵȺסȥ·
ľ̽ԯϵ˺£̱غ˺üС, ľĳЩڴ̿ɥǧѡġȭŹףǳޱ飬һ㡣ľͷһؼǿҵ
ˣôˣ
ֵϷˡֻ
ľһ¡ѺҲûô̫, ŸһٱӺҴææͼһ競סûõļֵ, Ҳ㲻飬Ů˵
ɼǽ壬ϾǹĹ, Ҳû˸ҹصϷŶԡ
˭ľʡ
˵ˡ
ľգڵؼȺ
ٺ󣬸ȻһȺΧ˶ֶţȻڿϷ, ȴһ˳
Ǵӹ͵ģȻ, £˶ҵƺʼΣڱԺ˼ǵøͷ, ֻôԼγ䵱·ȴˡ
컯, У˿Ϸ۹⣬ø·𱻷һϿ
Ѿȥһ룬֮ȻЩԱ
ľɫѿȥһ˵Ѻݺһţջؽţ̱커󣬡ץס
׳ʵ˾Ӳ壬뼸ĹҲͣ׾ͽƷ
һڵźһĻˣľǰü𣬡ʲôܣ
˭ˣֲɵΪڴ˼Ÿֱӳȥˣûа֣ȻȥŽвæ
ľߵǰ·ק˰֣ˡ
˱Ʒֻһ˲䣬ľͷعŭٺģ
ľ·˸Ц˭ҪˣٺҶ㡣Ҿûһ˿һĹϵ˱ڵϣľڵֱǱţ˭ǵĵұNĵؽ϶ұNˣ
˱ľһߣӺ﷢˹ŹֵĽԴǼҵ˵һľĻ
ڻľĴ˴μĹԵ
ľߵ·Ľ˻յ̫һڻһ
ͨҲͰˣľִˣץҲ޷ץסNѣǱˡ
ñNŮԼǰȴܱľʼʲ
ôŹǣľ¸ѵۺͱN鷳ȴҲˡ
ʱ۾Ҳ׷죬ίΣֱ쵽ǰ㾡ܴ򣬳±š
ľֱţϾ̫֣鷳
ߵֱ˽ѲֵĲ죬ľҧгݵߡ
ľԶľŮͺǴӸǰһͶһ񡣸ȻʶľʼմδΪľжѾĻҪĶ֣ʵֻһԸĽľС
Ϊɵİľڽŵʮ꣬ʵʮľ߸ϵؿСһ㳪Ϸľϵõн٣ľƵﶼЦ
︵ʲôҿʲô³ǻá֪ľСܹίԶԸ³ֻֽкá
ľԭӣֽƿû︵ǲҵȥҶܣҳᱡǴұN
ַӣľţ˰ΣȻߵŽţˣѰᣬҪúýѵһƹ
ЦСһƢľĹ̲ܽ࣬ѵ۶ҲӦľѵãѡ¡ֱҸɾϲŮӣɡ

ճѵʮֿĹڼǡԵĳءöһ¥¥ҰѣͳѲڴ˴Ҳ˴ι֮
Աȵ䣬ͬһ˼ƶļУ˳յҰмΪͷ
Ҳڴ˴֮Уľ˳ȥڹ¥¹ϢĽ
Ĺ֮ӣΪ˺񣬼֮һ𣬽ڵʮ
ľŽˣһۿϻصִĽڡºĲĶӣݲͣͻҰ֮δ˴γڣľ¶һʮ
תͷľһûһġǱNͳ죬⼸ԶҪĽҲֻһһɫĶ̴
֮׼ˣҲֹסͷרĿڱ
ͬһϰʮּ򵥣ڳѶȣϰԽԽѣ֮Ҫ˴֮Ĳ
һУռȻʱͷ
ͬȷʵм͡˿ԼԹϵͣҲ壬츳ѣǰȥѵüԼŽ̸
˴˵Ǵμӱԣ߽ٮٮߣͬһӣȻٲҪȽϡ޵һ޵ڶԲ߸ƫöֻͬʵ࣬ı²ǼҴѧǶؼ˿󷽣֮ˡ
˴ͷĪľƶ˵Ҳͬأ͵Ķϵãʶ͹Ҳ죬ϱȻ
ңһɳŵľٵ;ʱԽԽ
Ȼ˻һǰŸ̧ߵդһ̱࣬ˤդصؿһ£˲ݵϡ



鷢ͻȻ, ȳ˿ʱѾŶڵϴ
̽ͣľظϵ, Ҳ˹ȥ
ڹߣԼŹĴˣֻСؿļ磬ϣû°ɣ
ϰ, Ѿʹһ亹, ҧأĿԽܵضŷž׷
г̫󣬳˿, ȴһȽһ˽դϱƣһһϣߣʧء
ľ˳Ŀ⿴, ô£վȥҷ˵С, ˰סļ
ʳָָ£ľļϵ£ҡҡͷ
ȽȥԱ̫ҽڷԸ
ţҵĹǣش˰ֽϱ𡣺ڹߴ, Ҳ׳ʵֺ͹ѧ˲ٹ򣬽˱Ҳ
, ΣǱNû°ɣɳЩҲġ¥ϣҰЦľ
ʵѾԼˡǲĶӣΪ˴νǴNҲֻǿǸ׵ϣϾܲμӴ˵ȱԵȷ֮һֱռͷѧ˵ҲǿֻڱNҲɴĵĶϰҰ˲鷳һҪȻʹթ⣬ҰȻԶ˶вȴҲֻΪʰ̯ӡ
ľޣǰһֱָӲŭס
һ⣬£Ϣһ£ٿʼµطԸеĲУһʾľߡ
Լ˱°ˣȴ׼ΪֹľʲվԭؾŲ
Ѿȥ쿴ϵ˵ֻľΣ΢ʱҷˣȨҰҰᷣ𣿡
ľͷϣʱһ㣬Ӧһ㣬ȴǾţҲ
ñֱ˫ֻȭֱϵɼڽһ㣬ģһòã
ľȭͷɣڼǵ˸ۣͷҲû
ľڿڣԲҪͷһҪŪ
ʧЦãŪ
ľı֤ȥϵơդһĲᣬһҪ²˴صɫҲãľ侲֪ǽʵ˵ҧûˣʱң˿壬ڵϳȻģNбĵһҵĿܡ
˻ȥʱǡǰ븵˵ľҲǽյò֪豻УЩ⣬ԼĪڵ⡣
ʱ䵽ϵĿȱø貹ϡ
ľ븵˵Щʲôͬ˸ڱȥڡ
㽻˸ʲôѾ̸ЦĸһԴΪͻأ
ûʲôʼ죬ĺ棬Ųͷ
ֻúдԶѡ
ѽյ㣬һֱڵĸȻӱޣ˱ȷŻĳҲסˣòٶȡ
ɳУһϮɳԾյ㡣
ɳܳƥȴϵˡ
ɳɢȥդϣһ˲ϲһ֧һϲһ֧Ҫ̫ҽϵʱѾ
Ұڹ¥һ̸֪Ѷ󣬿Ÿ裬˫Ŀɴͭ壬ҧͻ顣
մӡ㵡лȡ±ϵļͲһ֧ʮ֡ϧɳ̫ұûһ֧ȥû뵽λֵ˺ʤٲһϧɳ֮п̫壬˱硣
ɳЩҲġ
Ұ͵תһϧҰʱζȴʮ㡣
ĿɺӶգҰһ£֧ӡˣָ˵λԭ֧ӵǻᵹ
ҰȨ⣬ת򸵺裬ųңֻĵλʿԱߣɱǡ
ʼ磬һ޹ض̯֣үԩ
Ұ˻ǲҪѪ˵ĺáѵʹҲӹ¥ˣһ񣬲ЦƵҰ֮²֤ݣǵƾӴܶҲòҳ˵λҲ˺ˡ
ҰûҭסȴҳԼȡĹƻأĽַ뿴ľ档
ѲǵʿɱҰŭĿԲɣҧһǸµ֡
ߵʬԱߣʬϲŵļ˳øȫʸѵۣβϿŵĿɲµ֣Ȼɳ̫λʿʤУһʱļڿ½˳ȥ˶Է
貦˲Ͳʣһ֧ԩͳȥ֧Ӧöڰϣǲţȥ飬һ֧ͳʮ֧ڣ̵Ҳµ֡ƽ£䲻ţ޹ְȴҲԾմϱߣʵڲ衣ɫһ࣬۹£ԩ붫ϳļλΪֹ
ǿͣҰҳȴҲɴ˿տڰҳաҲзȣѲĵķȲ֤ݣֻҪҧ˱ܶƫͷһԹդϵʬ壬߹ڴ˴վף˻Ϊɡ
ľڵ̽ͷֻܿҰ߬ȭͷҰߵĹԱ˵˼仰ĿԽ䵽ľϣ¶̵ֲı顣
ڲ˲ӣľ⡣
ƽϢȴ޷ټֻȽͣɢȥľԭأڲģָĶͷҰˣ
ָľЩʣץסȻûعʶĦָ⣬ǣˡ
ָܾɫջĿ⣬ôˣ
šľָһһµعڵָ⣬һأָͻأļӲʶԼ̵֣εһٿȻһĨɫĺ졣
ڿĴΨҿȾһĨЦ⡣ദһʱ䣬ܿľĽ޻üδϲԼ֮ǰԼϲܴӴ󶼱Ы
þգװ·ʲô
糣ľԼˣǹֺ߷ھԼ⣬ɤӣѹʣøĵֵģ
ҲȷúдԶĿˡ
ǰڲ¥¥Ǹ裬ֱ˵̯ͬƣ԰ռֻ֤Ҫܰǰ·Ϊǰ̳ԼĶҲΪǰ̳
ǲǸɱϷ롣Ǹĵӣ˽丸ס븵ⳡʮֵãҲ˸Ұ顣
һѣָ̥Ψ裬ΪĿܽ˸ϾɱĲ̡ڰĵ̽ѴҰ˴NĿĲδͼı죬谲ŽУ˽ֶΣȻϤʱңѿƣûʹթҲӦԡ
ֻıǻɫ˺ǳϡĿ֮ɱˣˣҿ¡



ľûȥͱźһҩ˵Ҫѹѹ˲, ɵẦ£ѹȥ
г, 㹬ﻹһ̫ҽҲɾԼְҩЧ
ľűǿҩ̧꣬ͷͼŰǰ̸֮һһľǰڿ˼, ľ͵ꡣ
ľȻҩ, ôȵô졣
ľ˵˵ǺʲôоͰᡣ
Ĺڼ, İնôʵʵĲҷ¡Ҷϱ͵ˣԼҲȥǮձ̵ҲҲͰӵֶŵǸ˵ͷҲô̯ˡ̫ˣһо͵öľ
ľƴʹɫ, һļװݶϵƬǳĸ̵֣֮Ŀÿ
ľͷ, ͼװɵɻأʲôʲôо
ɻϲأﲻǺ쳾ģ˵һ㲻ܻ䣬ֱ˵
Ƕ, ܺͳˣõȵڡСʶ֪֪, ľ˻󣬶Էѵ۱ȥﵱع٣ػŽڶԷıؾ֮·װɽˣ˵Ϲա
ʱҪȢҲܴպϴպźһĺûҲû˵ҪȢǶġ
ûпܣʡ
ľָҺһӶȺһĿܴ󡣡
ޱһū澲Ը⡣
˵ˣ¸£¸µǮûˡľ̯֣ͱٷѹˡ
Ϻﲢδľеʧ䣬ԽЦ
ЦüթˣҪ࿴£Ϸ˼ǹ㻹δޣȥݣҲ¡
ľҲȥ
Ϸ˰µʮ٣һٲ˵ġֽק
˵ɡľݲӦȥȻ㲻ϡ
ڷ˻֣ľϵƣֳȥ˹ظؽפΨ޶ġطǸСˣľϻ᲻ᱻļǺϣľ֤㷵طһġ
Ҳ̽ϣϵûд󰭺˱˴ǣ˳һȥȲ衣
˶ĵطһЩˡľ붭ڸԶǼĵ˵ĻǾûöҲδơ
ɵǶֳںְĻĿȾ䲻˵ȴš
ȥԵòƲ̫ãҲû˶ǵеϧͬҰȥø
ɺⰲ˴䣬Ұһµ䣬Ҫͷöһˡ
磬ǲӦͶӡ
˼Цʲôݣվӵֻмλǵķݣֵõġ˶٣ӣľͶǣѹãҲֻԼԼ硰ϸˡNסۡ
λϸľϵãʱסҰˡĵĺ䣬˵ӵľ˸ӦҲӵˡ
ľλϸ˺Ұ֪˵ʲôҰһۡ˵ǸȻ˵㣬Ҳ˲ˣûʵȨ˵һӶǰ׳ԻģûһãҰƫƫͿ
ľЩõԤУȥͺ˵һ䡰Ұһ޳ɡ

δһƬ谵ֻһ򡣽С磬зӴ϶δŵֵ𴵵ҡΡ鰸棬ڵһҲ
үѾźˣǼʱ֣ѾһķΣ̫ۣĴķδС͵˴˵ѡ
ľʵ׹ָţ̧ͷ´һʲô磬ײ࣬ȥ
·ϹֺģһʱԸѣүɫãҲΥ
ϣڵӳ⣬ҹгꡣ
һ׹Ծϵ¿Ҫ֪
ҰⲻȻŵ⡣ʹа̽պĹԣҰƺҪľ
ڽ׹ģƤվñֱŰ䡣
Լұ
Դػģʮùȥȥ򣬾Żزȥ渮ȥѲ˾
ҼңӸʲô
ȥһ¥үǽˡ
⻹С꣬üվأ
ڡǽϡ
䣬ԼҺүץɡš
˲ľųĽζЩˣľһھ͸ϡ
ɻǵϻãܾҰһ۱⡣
ϵͷʪţߣڿЩջ𣬡ǺĴŲÿˣ¿ðǽ
Ҽ㣬һʱˡľڰ֡ظԽĥԽҰܶͼƾԼ벻ͼʲôʹһǹ£ƽʱҲߺţҲûֱӷǽˡ
Ҳ֪˵ľ仰ȡõˣڵɫ˺ܶࡣ
ľѺͶڲ¥Ļڣλϸ˺Ұ˵껰ҰͿңƣ֮ıN֮ʣ˼ȥܾ¡
Ҳ֮̽˵ˡиףǰȫһ㡣
ʱԣ뿤ڱߡ
Ĺֻ˽ĿÿĹԱȻҪһ޷ӣĹ֮ĹϵõúܣദǢڡNΪȻҪһʼ˳ѵ۲𽵹˾ͽҲһǸģѣܳҲֻľ
ľŶһŤͷ⡣
겻֪ʱ´ˣڳнСˮǵý벻ϵ֮۵żƽ                        
лҪ˵ȥ˼
Сү֪㷴?죬¸Ǯû
շǽ
СүΪδʱ˵?ʱ¸Ǯû
ھȥ˵һ䡰үȢǣ
Сүû



һʪյ߽, ѥӵһһʪӡһˣ׼ȷ˵һˡ˱۾סͰֽ, ڵϺͲͣľ۾죬Ȼȵؿڣ۾ɴ
ģѨѾˣ˵ץĹ
ôҰץˣľһ, ŵҰ, λϸϸ档
ȱˡĹеʱڣNľԶö֮İʹץ˺, ֶλԴɫ糣
ľЩزָʹ㶵ʣôץû⣿
ϸץҲû˼ҵ꣬һʪ͸ˣմӺ̳㣬ڵžžһȦˮתȦˮ
, һٶС̧̧°ʾȥ
û⣿
ľˡĶƵͷˣҲͰ, ѲϿڷǰ֪ˣǳ𶼲СҲǿݴȵӣֻϾʹߣҲ޷, лᣬ˭Ը
ľ߹ȥԥԥؿ
һʱʧЦ, 档
ǡŪҲ𣿡ľ̽ʡ
һ飬˻ôˣץĹͰ׷ˡ
ſȰ飬ߣү䵭̸˿ڣű߰һȴֵ˨Ƚʹ졣
ˡǸ˨ѾҪȥͷҪɷĩľǣϵڽʹץӦĿģҲûŪ
ӱʮ겻ֲǾӣг𵱳ͱ
ľҿȭӣͷһؼʶһ˾жݡڴأⲻˡ
Ǻү˾Цɡ
ľ˴þƣſЪϢ
˴ȥιš
ǰһ裬ľлںڣץҪʲô
æ
뿪ķӵŹľŲ豭һ顣
¥¥ֻľϡ
û磬ľů˲٣ͷڡ
ǽʱֻϸֻ꣬մһˮһˮͻˮ·˸ʪͷҲǰɲʪĽֻһڣո磬ҲѾˡ
ڳľʩϵ磬ǰȻһ٣ֻǰӸľš
ľƵ磬Ӧڴģ÷㡣
ҡľԶ㣬ֻһ÷Ȼ
Ⱦ˷纮պ߳
ľзǵŹָһɢһϣھĨһ
ĨˬˣڿĨ˷˿ѹЦ⣬ŷŵɡ˼ʧˡ
Ϊ˺ϳ޵ĿζϺ˲ٴľ磬ӻů٣ڵļֺ⣬˼վҪȥԲȡ
ҲҪȥ
ľСʱڵϣ̫һŲ磬˼˹ȥ
һɡֽ˸
ģ֫ӯӯһգ÷㻹Źľͷˮһ飬Ǹ¡
ڵֱʶսӱļŽӵĴæƺʲôĶĲ䡣
˶һ㶣ľȴڻؿڼϵ°ͣ۵糺һƬ
ҷšǡľ˰ҲûͳȻԼԽͨ죬˵һƬˮ١
ڱۣ˹ǿ򶨺Ц˷ͶͱñΪѡ
ԭЩεķΧ⻰һ㲻ʣľȥɡɿ¥ǰŭƴһϡ
ʧ¥תǣڸŲ䣬Ըһֱڰİͻǽ˶٣ЦΣȡɡ

ϸ˫ֱŤƹſʪ̦ĵϡ
ۣΧĶֻܸоԼ˴һ٣ֱᵽû·Ѩ
ʹúܣԴһţ죬̣ԶĶԻ
˵ˣһ˵ĻмŻһ룬ڳһ
ĺүҵһæүģүҪĶһ˫ַϡ
Ԫ˿ˣǴӵڸҰҩǵҲ˳ɱ
ҵѾѶ뵳죬ѾҪһˣɺŭٹþ͸öʧˡ
ڴ˾ȹϲĿֿɵˡ
ϸ桭
˷ģ¡

ŲнԶϸǽһעĶڶһöĵƬ
ϸһ壬ôԣʱҪŵƬƤ⡣ϸΪɱϰߡ
ظϵӣ۾ϵĲһ죬ԣȵҹ
⴦˽ΣֻһˣӲȥѲ߿ص˺ҹɢŹǷ鿴ʱϸһ
ԿףСĵǱΣһһȳһյߡ
ƴ¥һƬ󿪣ܽǹŵƻƣǿϸܿһӰ
Ž紵ȶ¥ǸĴزصӰ˸Ƿ
ԭӲ֪һѵû뵽мֱ¡ǶЩҲû˯Ҫ˰޵硣
һ۽Ѳߵʿһݶ
ҹкڴ߶ҪܿѲߵʿֻ˳Ÿ֮ˮߡ
ˮˮˮӦ˲

ϸϴɾԼ۳Ϊ˶ѲߵʿˮһϣˮˮߣȥˮֱǼ⣬ζͷԷ裬ֱġǳĳζڵͬס
ˣҰСݺݲǽϹŵƤ᲻ʹթλԶɲʲô򵥻ɫ
ϸŶͷذΪҩĺƿܣԶ˽ξĺ£뿪˽κĺأǡȻԼ˹ˮһҹҧгݡ
ҾԶ˳ƶԷΪԪˣߵȷʵԪҲһģһ
ͬΪɺ֮λ֮ˣһ򲻶̣֮£ӱȻٰšǰҰȡʹNĻᣬԴ˵佻ã˵Ӿưոݣȴһ·˳ִﱱNҰԾϵ֮£Ƕ˵ͨˡ
Ұͨйؼһ߷ӣһӣΪ˿ɺ֮λȻкͬ壬뱱Nйᣬ޳ܣ
ҰˣԵļƻɻҪϸʡ
ȥǵλʿǷıҩλԶֻһͨȨô򵥡ԶҰĸоNſҰ͸λСү                        
лҪ˵ʦãԷˣԲ𣡣



ڳǽԶɽֻǹǲ, ȻȥҰԣ˴ǻʼԳȦŸֶ, úʡ
磬ˬӪ֮ԡ
ļ̌°ͣΪۺϵһöۣ̿˳°ڱȥѰѵۡ
Զг, ˵ǱNٻ, ȴЩŤľԭߵĲһ٣תȥԴ
Ϲŵľʶ, ǸȫϵĸɶСӣԲͷԲԣҲ׾ֻ˵ѵָȥźС߶߶
˵һȺӦǶʹеˣľһ˼ʹ, ǲʶ⼸λǸʲôݡ
ϻһ豭ֵ°ʪһ, ԼСӲײ˶Tiempo viejo
ľ£ò붫ʹ˳ͻϵմ뿪λʹߵȻθһ, N˺ô磬ūŶñӿˣ
ߵ˽ŵקק·ʾҪ˵, ˷ľٶŭˣһѰ˦ʲôǱN۸ڶˣŹǿʢѶǰūϥøף
˭ף˭ֶūϥˣ˵ͱ˵óҲǿԼľ֣
СӼŵؽ
λˣN˴ˣ´˶ұN಻ľƳСһۣЦЦؿǰˡ
ľڴˣı鶼ѧ߰˷񣬿ʮֻˡ
Ȱ͵ϵľ֪ǱNŰĽµ̳ԲλͬƢã뿤Ī֡
ľɫԺͻһЩɲ̫ÿ
ȴס˲
ѵãѵ۽߶߶ҲһˡԴһڵΡ
ľһӪ˫Ⱦͱ˱ס߶߶ԴٳСӼʲô棬֪ùҲҪ˴ԣ⼤ùãҲҪȥ𣿡
ľ°ͣǰ߶߶ϲʲôùø
ַèߣַ޶߶߶ȴ˵ýùܴϻ𣿡
ɵ¡
ǳţ»ھҪ֮
ùܴǼΪˣﻹҴϻѵ۸˸ӣ߶߶ȥ
ľ߶߶ȥ˹İӣѵü
ľ㵱УпǧҪܡֽ̧׹ⵣġ
кβУҾżλʹɽתһȦһңǼ˻ҪЦҲɡľתͷ߶߶ĵĶߣ캰ʱһӡ
ظ㣬ʲô¡ѵ˵գԽӪſڣЦ˵ܲٲܲٵ
Ӫ˽ľһһװˣȻЩͷۡ
ϸץӦûиѵۣѵҲͲ֪ڵļƻʱ⣬ػ񣬽ʱ˶Ųˣô߳
ʱľĥô˦أС˹
ŹĴСʣҲأǳ֣˭ΪġľƳһۣŤͷ֣ݸһСɾµ
˶ŹԵ룬һȺ˵߶ۼϡľֱ׳ǸС
һ»ȷǺõģץס̧ʱÿϸ⽩Ӳһض󣬿Ҫɢܡ
ľʶؾҪȥڡҲѾӹеĹʱƺڷԸʲô顣΢ȴǱֱģɫװֻڼߴŽɫƣ񷢹ڣβƺĥȥ˲ٸƽȻԸʱü΢΢𣬲ֻܿͦı򥡣
ǡľע⵽ľͶߣȥڵĻϣҲŻͷͬԵЦЦּԸ
ľľȻգһۡڷŵǸЦǰδһϲЦ˼ңʱЦżΪ¶εЦΨûЦôɾǰЦܻĹԣؼ˵ĵ⣬ԶԾˡЦһֻĿ˵ϻȻһֻԴĴ󹷡
ľԼЩЦ
Ѿ͹飬һͷͿľͷ֪ɵʲô
մӪ߳ˣľǵԺ֧
ľ˵ͷһ·ĴûʲôĿĵػΣؾ͸ߡ
㲻ȥԣľͷ
شĿľΪ˱ľȫһ·ԵͷûУЦȥˣһô죿
ܲҵáľͷسڰ֣ȥ㿴ҶǴ򲻵ˣǸڿϸƤһ඼ûԹҲǸпõĲݰNϣȫ˰ָʹˣ
У·Ըҡ
ľҴҴĻһֵĻ͵߷ˣϵˣֲǴޣһ¾顣İɣһῴԼģҾȥﶵһȦʱȥҲĺܾˣӮN
ľݼε׾ӣ˽һŹֵľôܸߣ
ڹʱǡþ˵ǸпõĲݰϵЦв֪
ʶƣƵعȥΧ
ñõȡȥ˽Կ
ľһͷˮָ֪ݼֱͬصǰ˵Ҫ뱾һ˭࣬ҿִ¡
Կľľ֪ݼ˷ָԾصԴһ˳档
ؿı飬ͷӵм顣ĺҲ˵ľ뾸Զ̣ʱܵͷһʱ嶯ҪһϸҲȷľ顣
ľǻˣˣصȻˣү㣬һԻſá
һбüǾñẦ˿ǾñܣỤס
⻰ʮ㣬̳
Ҳ˻ļ̌ͷԲ䳤ŴĸСģ˵ػָʹƽʱ벻ڸ˵˦ɫܸ˦һ޵ͨ뺡
ԱԱıĺܣľŬȰͣЦų˳صͱˣȥӮͷҰζǽҰζ԰
ľЦЩΪѣü˶ãЭԼģǧܣǳ⣬ǵ÷źŵ
ľͷ絷⣬ģҾܣûܱҸ֪֮ˣ
֤Ųĵ뿪
лҪ˵ľΪ



һ, ľ񾭲иһ󣬼¿, Ȼŵڣ㷽Ŷôʲô
ˣڵ鲻ƣ
ľҲ֪ƢԾûʲôһҭ, ƢҲ, ȴǵҪ죬ںͷ˵
˽ǲ, ߵ
Ȼ侲ˡԼİŮϤ쳣˰ٰģǸ˾Ͳܲס˵ԶˣΨľС÷һϣҲȲؾ, ȻʮĹ
Ҫǣ׵Ĳʱ, ľһֻѣϸľеķǱҪء
ҪҲĲźôס
ֻľԶͷһطѣֻбֺ, ֺ˵Ǽ֡
ľľҶȻݻƣԶɽϵľȴȻ, ҰҲ㡣
ֻ֪Ұջľȴ֪Ǻζʱֻ֣Ŀĵй䡣
иO@һ춯̵ҰмԼԳһɫ鹭ʸţһ̼
ԶɽѲֹ٣ὫеȥϿ˻ռǣֻ迴ռǱ֪˭ġľļѰļʸ̣÷ֱ档
ڻͷͿľһ۶ԭҪġ
Լ֪Ҫôˡ
ԶÿһƤëľٷСŹ¹Ƥû
Ǻñ¡ٱľЦЦ
ػЩУľҲڿҪҪ죬һҲڵôߣ˳ڸ̵̨
ľž󣬽ʼǰע⵽ϸ¸ǴԼڹ£ֻû뵽Ҳùʱ󡣡
ͣԭأľ֪޾ƵظڲС
ڹʲôֽţľ벻ͨģܲڹĨһĶҩɣһռ˱ˡ
ּȻľ쪣ʲô˹
֦ҶïĹľȻԾһֻ÷¹ۼžҪײľľ̾󣬰⶯ʱ˿տǡ
װˡ
֮飬ľͷһ뵽ıӦǱNͷһ÷¹ˡ
ƣͿ
°ͺȻһۣľһعǰڵĿաÿüţ°ͣЩǿ˵Աıĺܣ
Ƴһֱͦͦص÷¹ľ°͵ʳָۡ
΢ܿ֡
ľµ°ͣм֮
ڵġ
λٱ
Ǳû㱨
Цһ̧ۿ׷÷¹ˡ
ûľĴ󣬱ϾǹԱԴ˴ʹŵָƣҲ֪λǶߵĺܣһҪãȴϣǿֻܵй٣ղʵȨ
׷÷¹һ·ˣﱻˣɫܲÿڶò׺ΪһسʹĻᣬҪһչ˱NŷֱN붫ĹͬNʵǽĹԱҲԱN΢ʣ־еĴ˵СڱNǰֻһٶãԽѻ
ǶҵֱľӣǨŭڴˡ
ľڱN붫ãýѵҲ͵޻ӣֻˡ
ûƼ÷¹д˴˵ְǿǺүļ档ľ޹ָ÷¹Ǵ˼Ȼ˵Ǵ˵Ҫ𲻴Ӧ
Ĳ˵ľ˵ıںǲ
εߣ־ľҲǸŮӣǿЩһң̾ˣŭĿԲɡ
ͬʱļ֣̌⶯İɫҰס
̼ĶߣԶһ֧ͬ͵Ķ̼ӣ俪ļβĶ䣬һѪۡ
ͷľŭһȻ֧̼˵Ŷһˤ˵ϡ
һ֧ƿ˶̼
ɿҵ̴֣ľһˣľѾԴһȣſű𶯣
֮ȻǳҰݷ賤ǡôһīɫ·ſУԶѰټ
һˤ˻ȥ
ʱڵľ¡ľӣмһο϶üһľ
ľҴҵشĻҰ߳ˣڣܻסҰɣ
ΪҪȥ˴ܡȷʵԼ˵ʮ֪֮
ת˸ѹڵϣҶѥһذӸСȸߵĲݴվ
Զɽǻʼ԰֣ѲϸҲֻܲü˽аڵϣԼӡ
в֣ľס½ǣڹ±Ѱ˺ͺ󺰹֡
ľ߬ذ׵˵ͷԼģȥ
ǰѾù֣һߣһùڰŻ˹ס彣סĶ̼ѣˣ
ҰĿȻһʱѰľټѽ׼ڡ
ľԭλãȴѾˡľɨһĴѹĲݣǰѹһĵطȥ
ſű𶯻ľҧһ˳źۼǰѰˣһôҵͷƬҶӵ
ǼʶʲôһҶĿˡ
ľӵֽƬҶӣͼֵۡ
ľ̾ذһ̣
ľۣȵҺӵָ졣
ѸϵľͬʱɱֱͱһľָۣɿӦء
ѪѪȻŵöָ֡
ľִմѪһʲôУûѪ𡣡
غˡľһˣӷ͵Ϯ˶ϰγذףĨȥѪתͷͬҴȥڡ
˻ܣľҲſţһ˷ٸȥڡ
˸ϵʱֻ״ҵĴֳڵ˶ʱʧĴɢѰ֮ټƺע⵽ľǰϸ΢ĲݶԼǷϮ֮ڳˡ˼˼ȥ׷
ľһӷŻвľʱȻһƳյļХ̼ľĺ󾱶ɫһץסľļ磬һתڻС
ľУֻƺһ̧֮ͷһ֧̼ûļιǡ
ڣľҪȥƣڰֽ˱뻳Уñվסˡ



֮з, ѵŭ¡
̫ҽѾΪڰ˼˿ڡ
Ŵͷ, ľڿҿҵذһӡ
ڻΪһľǸΣնܡ
Ȼá
ڼ޶ľСϻ˼ҹԳԼɻ󣬡ɰ˵, Ǵ˶, ʹ߱ĿԸ󣬶Ұ˵ǸΪף
ڳһȻ, 붫ʹ֮ǰнӴ
ľѾƤǿˣϸϸ˺磬ʵ֮ǰײһλС˱N䣬Ҿ͸˦˸ɫľ, ҷģû, ֻ˵㡣
ԵһЦȻ֪ԶʹΡǰֵػҲƻϵ顣
ҰôN붫Ĺϵ
붫ȥԶ, ֱűNࡣϳСҲǲѴ֮£ҲΪʽ΢, 뱱NȴҲҹԭ
Ұɱʹߣ߼޻ľNĿɱ˶ʹߣN붫֮ͱȻһս
֮УNǾУĵжʱNȥ߱пɳ֮
ҲܽľʱʱϸΪλɫͻ䡣һ籸˹ľռǵļʸֻҪͬļʸɱʹߣ֮ǰľ붫ʹͻ˵NĽԶʹ߻ģʶ֮ʱԶʹʹɱ֡ҲҪαľɱˣ̼ϲûд㶾
ŷΪ޷ǱNն֪顣
ڽ²ľľ㶣ͻȻѣЦһѹҵʱЩԾСǸȫ߶߶ģȫĻøֱŵ˷СӣοСֻ߶߶߶߶һСӣϲȲ裬Сôܶһ軹ǡײ˶ʹߡ
ľĥһհð룬һҰ֮֮ǰɣ
ֽıƤˣ߼޻ͷǰɣ
ٽ군ˣ
ֱֱڴߣϵı鼫䲻ơ
ֻһ˲ſҧסѵõС⣬Ҫʱס
ľڵļ̧ÿض͵ߣһһڷ˰ӣʣ°ȴǶԲˡ
ľ˿գ̧ͷڵԷ
ԶԷˣݻͼӦϵա˿ľĴβżܣε¯Ѭ㡣۽ȻʼҹƷй֮˿ߡʯھϸѵСӸ硣
ľԺʱȴԺһűܡ
ʵԽİϵһ
ڣ𣿡ľ̽ʡ
ñʱʲôϸ΢΢ǵ٩֮⡣
㿴вУľûصһۡ
üһƢûôǰĺܡܺãհǰ˺Ϊ¶ί
뽫ҪȢķҪʶ壬£ʶ壬ȴԸˡ±ζҪίɻϲһˣǼһίġ
뽫ߵĽЩ㲻ôˡ
ڽδ˵ȥ̯ƣǱ뿤Ϊһ㱾ܵóԸ
ƺܴ󣬱ľֻҪһȦָ޳ľִֻֻչҲֻתӡֺÿʲôĿ
ľָġ뻢һ㱡룬ָ볣ҪһЩȻǳǹ¡
ԶԶҲ֪򽫾ĶӣʵĻ֮󡣺ȹδǰҲڻɳӪʮꡣ
ƹܣϤǱѪǹ
ָ̫ϸָۣڣģһʱЩмܲס̽˻
ָ⣬ɲԣʲôˣ
Сү񸻹󣬶Ȼ³ɡľûѧ࣬Ϲ˵
׷Ųţβ³ɣ
³ȻǡСүҪģСɽӹ壬һǰ;̹ıNһɡ
㼪ԡ

Զɽ֮´жһǺΪ
ľ뿪ϣʹ˵СӲˤˡʹֻ֮סѵһڣ˻ķΧҲǿھǰ乬֮УѲߵĽ˻Ǳȥ
ʹڱNϮڹ˽NҪһĻ֮˾οҰģʱ˹ģԱNаһ
ѵ̲ҹ飬ڲһָĵҰ׼ϽʹһʹƳ
ԼÿյĴʹһأñNԼӲ˵ȴ಻ʵṩʹŵĴҰǿ׼ĸжֽţȶԱNľìܣˣһʱ嶯ɱʹ߱
Ĵ϶ֽŵǱҰƳʹߣԳԼ̰ͼʹߵǵŴ¶շ֣ų²ߣе£Ҳ˴̲׷֮·
ǿǸգһãҰǶһš
ڻˣ˽ѵۡݺNѵ۵ȻҰ̹һףּҰִͽ
Ȼʱö̼ʹߣҰͽɸɸӾ˵ȥˡ
Ұϸβ֮ľѵͦ˵ġѵһӣͽҰģҪΪҰһʮ˰ͽʬȥιͺա
պԣҰ屧δܳϯ
֮ԣȥзӵĹֻȭͷ̨սһޣһ˹ޣʤΪ߳֡
ƾȭͷNռơհҰڴϣѵۺͱNȻʮ⣬ԽձԲҪ
ѵ۴ݵĹľʱȥΪϷף١
ĹԽɣøĸϷ˵ڰѮľһϷ˹һ
þԶҪһݣʱһ̡
ȻֻĹԻڰ죬㽫ѹˣֻĹԽųնǸϼңѵۺڻɸӦҲȥһݣԾ󻼡ȥþݣ߸ƣľһȻȫ
ľȻ飬ǾԼӣȥܲ䵽ٺô
úȻ˵жܣǷ߷߲ƽ
һ֮Ӿһү棡
ںˣҶҵŰң
һۣðݡ
лҪ˵մʵһһ㣬Ǹ



̨֮ϺȻһ󻶺, ڼе
ϣһ޵δ޵ıN
Nʿ, һήҲ
ѵ۸ɴʻ
кܵģϴ׹Ժܷ߿ҪΪϱ𡣡̨֮ϵıNٴγɹ, ۸ߺ, ̨һӦΪܽͷοԺ֮, ҪʣҰԹ˲ϾѾĻɢˡ
̨սǸսһɢɳһή, ᴫˡ
ڵ̨ޡ
ϳˡ
ſˡ
̧ȥˡ
ϸһɫѵۻ, ҡͷ춼ĹԵһˣЩ֪ʲô״Ҳ˼һ£, ̫ˡ
ϸ涼ʮһˣѵú٣ȴֻҽЦ
ѵܰһԹò, Ȼ鷿⺿ޣϸ棬ڻ¡
ĹԽԽɱNεͷʹ뿪գҰ˵ܼ磬֮в¶
Զռͷж꣬ͷҰ϶ˣʧһԱҰȥҪԵ˷ڵѡ
ľѵ۽ʹſڣսսˡľɱʱĺݾԼǰľǰţޱȺ¡
ľɹŵ΢Цȴ֪֮´÷зǱѾǱNĽɱİ汾ˡ

Ѿߣľȥĸ׼һѶľȥ޹ϵҲΪϷ׼һ⡣
ҲϲѲȥϾһΨһϵֻľÿ궼ľϷ񣬴Ӳϡ
һѵĶľԼ·ɱ˼ڴӡ
ڵſڵš
̰ܻߡ£ȫǡʥּųնմӸףҷ丸Уֱ
ּǰݳ˰˳ľһ̡
ǰڰ·չľСŮӣͷү·϶ѷģ
ڱӦ£Ķţƴʹߵ˲
Ǵ̯ӣڻػضǱŰͱȥġ
ľ˳ͬȥߴŲٸ֣֮ʱܱ֤ȫŮչбȻͬһϡ˵ľһѶĶ
̫࣬ľɴαװһ̶֧ͨӡ
ΪҪαװڷ
ݣ;֮ɽˣɽʹ޹ټˣαװ̶ͨӣսС
ʣǾñ˶ɽ˻䣿
Ȼᡣ
ǱˣĻɽ٣Ȼܱ֤ᱻ٣ΪҪαװ
оݡľתͷԼ
Զšȷŵʱ
һ·ɽˣͣ£ľȥȲ裬ˣɽҲˣ·
ִʱ磬ǰ֪Ҵ˴ξԶжһҵĳǰӭӡ
ţϳ࣬Ҳ壬˶Ǹ塣̫үĸӣŮסҴլֻе
ľĸΨһĵС㣬磬Ϸ˶ľ۰
ҵžԶֻĵӵŮǰ͡
ľڱӭլǰʱһڱֵܽöڣЦӯӯΨСŮ뾲ľ۶췭ȥˣʱ񾲣Եøľ
ľĴ˾̫أӸøϻӴڣù緹ԴȥھլӡҪЪһʱ䣬סҴլվΪⰲסҲȫ˵֮ꡣ
ù緹ľϷ˽ȥ˵强˵ӻãüôĴһ档ҽ̵ļŮǴҹ㣬һһ浾ҪľȥҲǲμͻ磬һ鸧廨ľԾǳ֮ˣϷǰӦ£תͷͰѱһͻظԵԺ
ʣһ뾲
Ҫ㻹Լȥľ˼˲ͬԺӣЩᣬɴ̨һ°뾲
뾲ֵӣŭ㿴⸱ӣĿֱ鹣ͳ
ľͬصͷֱ˫ȣ̴̵ؼܿ
СãǼСŮС˵Ҽҽϸ뾲ΪֹƢȴôãҶľƽƲľûصӡľݾûɫ
˭ҵˣ˾ͽҵĻҵģľվŵ֣⣬߶£ľ˳ƿı󵹡
㣡뾲һŰ׾ͨ죬ֺ̣һ˸ӱƼᱻ˷Ҳ̵Ůĸһף㵽ʱǧҪң
ҵļλչﶼףֻʣһСĸϷ۰÷ţһֱϵŽճ̡ľʮ˻δ˼ңϷ߶ţ㽫õһ鶨ˡ
뾲ܲԸԼһס
зȢ㶨Ȼ㲻˼ϲ㲻ΪԸԼĶ̴ѽľ
˾ͽľ
ûأб㡣ľɢɢ
뾲˺üţŮȰҲһƿתߣ·ʯӰһӡ
뾲̬ʧؼصزʯ·ʧУпС㳤ô˻ǲᳳܡ
ľ˹شͷ˵ĸܳӮƵģҿƤľ뾲СͲԸ뾲СͳӮľľһȥҲ˵ز죬뾲˵ʹˣ;Լˣһλڵȥľܣ
ľԺӱλСһصԺﲻãĸĸˡ
һݣľſϴ˯ĸüѵҿԹˣŮ͸ʱע̬ôſ˯ֽľűߵ̺Ӷϣ˯Ҳ֪̺ӣȾ˷纮ͷһ㡣
ͷְѵ
ĸ˴˼Ůÿ϶һ̣Ρĸѹøͣ׼ΣϷ磬ݲټжķ˶ǰף٣ǵöҿ磬Ҳøλӡ󣬲ƽô㡣
Ӧ£ūá
ľ˯λĸ̴ţԭҪδ磬оֹҲֻա
ߺϷţ˵Ѿˡ
ԭӦ˯һֻۣ˵뿪һµ
о仰жùһ㲻ʮ塣
о仰оϱػɹ
˭˵ģ
˵ġľŽЬҿɲżˣȥԲߡ
żˣΪҪȥҺүޱ飬⡣
취װľߵűߣҴڻþĸǷȥˡ
ǰϣ֪ǰƾһ֮׽Ƶô


ƤӰ

ھõլӵضηˮԶԶ, ȻҵõһլӴɨɾЪ
һլӡľڶ棬ڹ衣լ¶ڵ, ľҲͲͨ籨˵ˡ
˼Ǿñģ
ǲԼﲻϻ㲻Ķ𣿡ûڻźˡ
У̧Ц
ľһ˲ֻڼŷǽڱԲ, 
ҿҪúøлСүˡľƤЦⲻЦ
ұΪ£, ľȻҪʼˣջţ
ľ֧, յĸ£յҪҽܸλжķˡ취ᵹǻǼλЪ˼ỵҵʲôð취
ף󱭵ٿȻսȴɿߣˣ
ˣ㣿ľŶͷĵѾ˸Ȣ, δݣϷ˱Ѱһ¡ʱ, ˸ѵֱۣͲ̫ãľƹˤԼҲûʲôм, ŮޣľԾƹˤҵ
ڷ±, 󱾺Ϊ⣿
ľʮϵΪһ衣
ʧЦ豭ڴַ£ݣ֪ʱпգܴݵɽˮ
ʱУ
ղײգǱհɡ

ʲôü
ľһƽղİɫȹһñڵʵʵ
ľ¶ƭҾĸ˵Ҫȥܳģһ·ײˣҾĸĸ֪ͬһȥľˡ
ڵüͷԽôͱŶˣ
ǣľ̾һҼҽϸŮأ֪ߵýȻ˽顣
Цֽñ£߰ɡ
ǡϱķֽϣϷ飬Ҳбգٽϵ˱ƽն಻١ڿȺһ
ľ˼СʹǼҺүƽϲô
Ǻүϲ֣žԼҵĵ̶ȥ͵˵Ǻүɾý;˼ˡ˵Ҫ䣬Ҳ֮ⲻھơ
ǹ˵ʵ
Ǻүϲֻ֣ͬƽ̫æѵóš
λȨأæȷǵеˡʮ֮ǰããĮʮ֣Ӧûʲôɫ
ľȻһͬ顣ߴʤ̫ˡ
˼ˣľ첽׷ȥԴһᣬڣ㿴ƤӰϷȥƤӰϷѽ
ñ飬βЦ
иƤӰϷİӣӰ˾£֣Ѵ˼ʮ꣬ϯ
ƤӰϷĶЩСӣҲЩ˼ңľ͵˺١̤Ϸ¥ƤӰ̨µĺ᳤˲ˡľ˳ȥŵλӣţֱڹ쾾˻
ʲôľסԼ졣
¥Ͼûʲôż䣿ڿҺȺЩ
ľЦƤӰϷ¥ϿģԶֿ塣ֳ̧䣬ȥѰɾĵطвУ
Ϊѵص˵ͷ
ľһСһԸ䣬һСǵ̨ǰһλá
طҰãȱλüǮҪһЩͨҲΪֺǣڶ໨Ǯõطһ˾ͱطٲ١
£Сˮͼ㡣ľ˿ֿ˿ҪȻ°ɡæ²ҡ
ƵźļСƤӰϷˡľָָ󣬺мСѾվǵҵģǺ޲òڵϡ
⡭ЩΪѣȻľˡ
üһ̧Ҫ
ʱ½Σ
죬ĵƤӰĻǳ
ڵע̨ϣָһľñⶫʲôƤӰϷ
ľץסϳͲˡ
ط㣬һ˭ñעⶼѡ̧֣ñժˡ
ľѸס
Գ㱾ƤӰϷҲҪ飬粻
ľָָֿ¶һ˫޹峺۾գ£㬽ַ¡
̨ݵǽսӭȢ˵Ϸ롣С˵һ۸꽫ͣһݵɳ
Ұô꣬е㱾£ɳһΣĵɱΧȾüãľţѪڡ
ڵ²ƤӰϷϡȻѾɱȡŽӪЩ֮
һľ˸
ĵ㽥С̨ݵձӮ˸ʤ̣ľ泩ӺȲ裬ڵһˮ⽦һ㡣
ҡʲô
㳣￴ƤӰϷɫ糣
̫ˣľԼǿƤӰϷѪͷ۲žڿһƬ顣
ڣ飡ⳡ˺¡
治ϲ֣ΨǿƤӰϷʱݣͻһڱֵܽ˿ƤӰϷǸ̨ӣŵϷȴĵĴӾʲ١
ȺֵܽûûʼѧصʱľɽƵһﺢӵҰһٴݣһؽá
˳ˣ㲻ˡ
ľţڴûôҰɣ򽫾ʱҲͦ׵ģڵļҽغϸ
ͬڶƺ«һ뾲ܺܣֲҺˣ°뾲ˣҲˡľûʲô˵˸ͷϻһ򿪾ʰס
ľȰȵĳſƤӰϷˣ֮оԶ͹ڣҲʲô£ɴ໻˵طϷ
СھУڣͯ꾭񤱡ǱľĹע⡣
ľ˵̽Žһľľ
ľȻֹʱסϡ




ԶͬҪȥ, ·ƤӰϷ̨ʱӵĹľߵŮ󿴼Ϸ̨µмŸŲƵĹ㻳ľ
ľľ, 𣿡Զһ飬ľһļƤ
ǣϴˡľҧӳݷĳ֣µĽڣʾæΧ
ɨԶһ, һЩ׾, ǵسƺľ
ڳһЦץסľа棬۾̧̧, ϴˣµķˣɲǹӵľľľľҧüأԶһ
ľŵؿæΧû˵ԼϷôʹӻƻŮٸˣ
˿źΣգ, ԶЩ£쳤Ҫ, ĵľľ𣿡
ǡľһҧһۣƹˤ, ֱסڵ˽˸ʵʵýεε, ǲڵϷ
ԶɵۡǵľٶĪԼϴˣȻϴӲãֻǲľ˺üȻԼڵϷ
Զ˾ʥ飬ƤĺܣͰͣ£²ǡ
һľˤȥһ˳ͷ̧Щͷӹ컯֮˷绯ɡ
컯աĿ֮§§ĥͲ˷绯ˣ
Զֲ־壬ϣϴˡ˺üǸתĶӡ
ľȷԶˣ̧̽ͷһײڴЦ۾㶣Ѹڣ糺졣ܣû˿̨ϵƤӰϷˣ׷׿
ر˱ۣľҽֱ¶İͨĶⶼð̡
Ϊ˶ԶŲ·Լεĵز
ڱķӦȡãЦ
߿ҲҪ˵ľŽ
ĴҪദҲӲŤ󣬵Ҳûӻ˹˵ĻڡԺôǰ̧ͷˣ
ԶĴ
ľľֶ
ľüţҧ£죡
°ˣ治ڼþգ⣬ʶ
ľֹʶ
Ҳ֪ʱǵλ׸СүϸƤ˵ǰȹҪȢΪޡľ˵Ӣ۾˶ӢһģҪԶԱҲ԰οǵԼݾȹʲôˡ
ԶķˣľԼĿ˳֪ѶˣԶܣҪȡ״ԪӭȢľ
һӻҷźүˡ
ľһŶͷѾˡ
ƤӰϷȻȥľƽࡣڼȻ⣬پᵹԵ̬ˡ
뿪Ϸ࣬ľָָڵļ򣬡ҷšûѹ˿ڰɣƲȬˡ
żۣʹľıŵԽھΡҪڴȥҴ֣
֪ΪΣһ١
Žֵһ̡ݵСĴͬľ²ظڽСԣڵţżĿζһһ
ùҲԣùľʳľҪѶӲߣſΪſڳһ㡣
Σľűҧ˰ƬСԣڴ
ľڳԵһƬڼⶼЩ塣ڲʳľϲЩĶ
ָȥľ̫մߵмǿڡ
ľѾϰСүʲôҪƢܴĦ˼ǿǾ佱ˡʣ°ƬҲߴգҧסȥµСԡ
·һ룬ľܾԼ˵ʲôǩ˰죬һҧϸǩҧء
ľµǩҽñϷˣ
ϸ룬ֲȷһ·û˰ɣ
һ·ϱľ˳ڵӣһˮֱһһͶιӦӲϾע·Ͽˡ
ûСޱ飬ԥ
ֵΣǾñ䲻Ͽ
ľſñĵ̣ѿڴûе£СүһȻ̣Сү
ᣬѾʼ׼ˡñûѰвߵС̯
ǵģñûУ߽ҲС
ľܵߵ̯ǰС̯ĹϹ˲ߡģɵģޡ
ջᣬС˲ࡣ̯ȣ̯̯һȣһ߿ˡ
һŻŮʵۡɣǿĲǣҲü۾£Цϲġ˭Ҳ͵ߵĳʳǶˣžһԡ
ȻܵԼ̯ϣ̯ǰһһӣվ
Ҫˣ
Ҫ𣿡
ơľ˰֣̯ɨһȦһߡС̯ϵֹ㲻϶ྫϸȡһ档
ľߴϣͷÿ𣿡
С㣬ݣ⣬ҳƿĿڽС㣬Ǵ⸱ڴϣǸע⡣
ľҲһȣ侲ȻҲ֪ڴϺ֡
֪ˣҾ档ľ߽˹ͷϣȥߡ˸˸ģָ˸ģޣȶڵϲڣ㣡
һ룬Ȼøªֲڵ˵ǵһ㶼ˣ˵Ҳݣﻹδ־˵յ⣬ܵű
ָһľͷϵߣںЦķ޿ֻ񡣡ʱ˳ľеߡ
ڽ߾ٵǰֲۣڣΪޣֵֻͭ
ľ΢΢ԴߣǽߴϡǡһƵɫӣ޼ޡ
ڻ֣¶һ޽ǣӢüоߣĿߴ£ķͦǳǳѪɫ
Ǹɣ䲻մ̻ʮޡ
ڸ̧ۿľȻһ£æҵؽһסԼ
һʱʧЦӻ̯ϣȥľߣ
ľסߣҾϲ
ʵڲ̫ϾԶľ۹ϲڸɴù¡
ľڸշµ
üʵ޷۹⡣˶ӰΣòɻĸҪ
̯Ծһóһߡ߳ɫ⣬ľŲ
λһԶһһ죬һԶ񡣡
ЦЦһԣһ˰ɡ                        
лҪ˵һҶ簲кŶ



ߺͺڷ, һֱڹϣľʱˡ
ľϣݶ, ۼֱۣ˺ü顣Ǳۻۣǰڽߵ
ǰҲںÿôҲûôÿ
ľ˸ſ, Դֱ, һʲôʱһ˺ÿ
һĺÿʱ򡣡մӴﱻ껰Ϸ罫, ľ׼ﲻҪץʱġ
ﲻҪģʵ־˭ÿˣ
ʲô֣ҳñ˺ÿ𣿡
ؽϵףСʱǾÿòˣͬѧ鷨죿ٷӢؿǾþԶÿˣ
ľϸһ˵ġƺҲû, ױϲÿˣڱҲ, ò˿޲ˡտڻ죬ǰعʻʵһġ

ѹڼϣڹϳ룬ķĹ, ͷҲ̧ˣ
ÿ֮׵Ǽҵķ˽ն߹ϣӦöүһˡүԸ, ļ˼ң̽мλ˽ջϽ֣ʩ⼸λҲϡҷ˼ľڵ̬Ȼٿľϱ
ڵһʣϷ˵׼ˣ
ˡ
ϵ˿ʹľʱʵѹ˿ڡƳһԼļ򣬱ȴ͡ĹȻֻġ

Ϸ˵ڶȴҪףľ᲻ߵ£뾲ȻҲжˡ
ֵϯ˳뾲СܻԼԺӣһ̤Ժţ䲻һͷ
ӴҶڣ㲻ȥףñ𣿡
Ժǽ֮ϣľһϮˮɫĳȹְףԼӴԽ޶ˡⱾǸˣϧǽͷϣϧŽš
Ҫ£뾲ͷ˷ײͳǼ޲ȥɱǼңôҲ°Լˤˣ
ľģӵӣˤš
뾲һ˲СȻߣӽǽߵӰῪˡ
뾲
뾲һƲ˸ۣûˡһŽߵ֮󣬽˹
ԺĽŲ뾲ȹڶ˷УѰ˵ʱֻСǽϻŽš
ôǽأϷߵкŮӷľϷĴͬСء
ľڵϣƳһţθһЩֿҵã
ū塣ֻľ˰θſԽԽˣοЦݶ˼ӣŻСǰԺҲ֪ȥĶˡ
ľָţֲȥ￴
˾ͽľң뾲ƿţڵ߳
Ͳһģô˵ǳأľЦԽãб𡣡
˲Ըǳ̬ҲѼֲ֣ɫĵŶȥǰԺ
˽žȴһµ·оʱĥ䣬Ҳ㲻
ϷϱѾͬļλ˵ҳľ뾲ˣֹס˻ͷкǹȥ
ڳķȽԱ͸磬мľм뾲
ҷ˼ľ¶ɻ󣬲мλͬ¶ɻ
˳Σ̽ʣ䣿
ǰմСȥƤӰϷʱһλòƵĹﱧһݵӣǵؽ
Цľ񻹴ֹء
ŷʣиǵӣɼиľͬһĹЦصιһλӳԶ
⻰ʵıҷֱףڲ֪ߵĶе˵ľˣԺãϷԭͰɫ̱ˡ֮ҪϷˣԶΪףˡ
µĸ̹Ա֪Զִݣһһ⣬ȴӰδԶȻΪҵϷף٣˳ԾϷ˶⡣
Զҵãǰףõ壬Ϸȴ浱ǸϾ˼֮£̵콫
λ˲ԶֻԼҷ˵Ȩ죬ĺرĵĹٷ˶µˣݵطķ˸ľսһʱǰֻľһ˵ĺ
תȡ
徸Զĳ࣬λ˺һ͡
˵Ϸ˴٣ðǰ٣ϷĪ߶šԶЦ
ľǫѷš߻ڳǰװģҲ㡣
ϷЩز
ԶμϯȥȴҲûϵԶϾйԱܺ붼Զ¶
ԭ࿴ķɫһסӴǾȻҸԶˣ
УܶĿĴﵽ뿪ˡ
սսһ񣬴ֽͷľ뾲ϡ
ľЦţȴת÷ɿ졣Щ˶˾ȽӦ֮ãüλ̫ͬʱһס
ţƺûҪϱλˣЦݵض뾲꺮ů̽ϲãᶮ¡ľһⲢδ֮൹Щҡ
żҷˣ̫̫Ƕľôһ仰ҲľǶ뾲ġ
뾲ʱϲʲôƽ羲ÿձ֣ľдҲǼá
ע⣬뾲ľһۡľǼ⣬װûҲûϵĸƼȻ뾲ĸʮ䶼Ҫ
ڨڨЦǿСǽСƽֿɻϲã
Զˣ˭                        
лҪ˵ǣҶҶ

Զ

˴λֻ뾲, ľ뾲ȫشλ˵Ļλĸһ˼ҲȥһѰϴ, һƴʹɫֻǣľװɵλڳ㡣
ľһ䲻Ե, ǻˡ
ľ⿴Ϸλĸżı, ĶֱԴʮֹɣʵѾĵԼָϵơ
Ĳδ̫, һλ˽
ַһ۱ϳľϷ˼˼ҳοؿľǽɣʣׯ硣
ľ̫䣬ЩȻͲʺϰϵĴ, ֻ
Ϸλĸţַƺϲľ, һϲ
ַһ˫۾ͦм졣ľڻ便Ķλˣַһ˫۾Цüг˷죬ˣ
ʮʮߡ
NŮʮ꼰Ǿ͸ÿʼ, ʮ綼˸ľʮȴ¶δ£ھ˼֮вʡ
ԭΪľļҷѡвûּҵү, ַȲľ֡էһľѾʮߣַЩ⣬Ҳֻһ˲ЦʮߺðҼԶöʮ
ľĶ˫۾ˡԶ
ַ˿ľԽԽϲԶΪ﷢ܶ鿼ȡʵּոˡ
ʿụ̃Nǰʱụ̃˵λ¡˵ѵۼλҵչ̹иٹ̣вҲԱʱңֻǿʶü֣ʿ˸𾴡Ϊһ˲ӣ֮󣬽ԾǽȢؼԶԶػ㡣
ַڿľ翴ǡ
Щͷķ˵ַ֣˴ǰȴǸԱϴ⣬˼˼ֺľЦ¶ݵķˣַ۷ŹǼ񵽱ıίʵЩмܲס
ַˬʣѹ˵ϸȻмλһ뾲вʱͰַֻ˶ľʳʶ̡꺮ů
Ҷֲ̼ƫοּ׸й٣ַ˿ϲľܳ£Ҳľһ׮ԵϷ˺οҲûдַ˵˼
˴ľһѣľӲͷƤַˣһֱȵǰԺϯܴ
ַ˻ľһϯľȻŶͷҵͷЩΡ
ľݼʮ궼ûйĶ̬˲ľĺϻһ⣬ľӦվסʱ˳Ʒס
ϰ䣬ֻзӦȴۡϷ˱ľɷ׵ɫһŹȾҪ˽д
ޱëˣϷλ˲صģֻҪϢûˡ
ǴỳһޱȤ˻еûȥƭˣܹŷϷԾɷĲ£ϿңҲֻܵ˵ͷչľ
ַľ֣ûʲô£ӲãﻹһǧҰɽΣ˸͹úòҵЩǱҪϸˡ
ַ˶׼ΪľˣޱҪϢū澱ȴطˡ

ϰߣľϷ˴֮͸ʰңֻ͸ûġԭҿõļ˼ҵҲδľľҲýг̣ĩһλַˣľԶһԣȥ뼸λҲΪԶ䣬ľԶӴľѻҪͣһʱ䡣
оԶڣ֮ݵĴ˼ңݲͷ˽ԲμϷ˵磬ϯȻҲַ˻ɫ˵ľʱӢˬؾԶ
ľԼֵ˸ٷе֡ΪŮӢ۵ĳƺš
ݵ˾ˮƽôֻһ״ʫǸƷʱôΪдһƪء
˵ľӲʣĲ£ΪѵŲŵԼľһ档˼һ״ʫͷ㣬һ㶣һʱʧЦʵӦľΪӱ֮±Ȼ뾡ӣǡϷ֮ʱӲʶװģֻǹңľɫҰףչǷĲ¡
չţѵ۵ͨƪڵ٩ľҪٵˡľֽǰ˶ҲţҵʲôҪҪȥ졣
̹ȻδݣֻǴ½ת
ľŵ˼ŷ⣬һ飬ĸϲҵҲСү鷳һˡ
ұⲻϲֻľһ˼áĸľʱľҲҾС֣֮ʱվȥȡšԭֻôѵҲˡ
δлľھԺ˾һ۾ܿǡ
СүʱȥݣųնϢӦѾݡһĹǶˣ൳ͷӬҴܵʱ򣬴ʱȥݣһ򾡵ĺʱȥˣ侲뾾һˡ
ȵ֮󡣡֮ߡһֱø˼˵Ļţȴ治ȥݡ
أ׼ʱģ
ԶġľĴӣҧгݣ֤Լľˣ͸óˡ
Զãƾ˵Լް⣬ľԴҪȢԼľˡţٷԷԶǰ㲻⣬֮Ժ㣬ݣľıС㣬ԼҲҪ
ôôҲҵ˵Сɡݵһʱ䣬ԼҺүѵϲĹϲܱ˽˺ȥԶľԶģ̽˽˲١˵λ׸ĹʱǮСʱܱһȺС۸ǡһһСõ۸˵ĺӸˡҲ֪ôԶΪСľһҪȢԼľˡ
ľ
߳īߺ⻰ûġʼľʱľмӣڣǺүǵëȫľѧȥ͸ոһۣѧǺүʮʮľ衣
֧ŲԼ±ˣҲֻЦľı飬ƵȥѰˡ
ľؿڣҲЦֻ֤ûȹá
лҪ˵Ӧڳס



ľڳİҵĴү, үľڳȥҵĴүҪźЦľɫʱЩ䵭
˴ͣľһ·, ȻȻӦʡվԭĿ;˾˱뿪ߡ
ڷſźЩˣľشԴ𣬡ӦҴ˾ƨˡ
ҲûӦǹ, ǰûʲôͬ, Ҳ֪ľôԶˣû
ԺС԰ʱ뾲ͻȻСϳ, ڣľ
˾ͽľδҲ̫޳ˣ
ľ˵Ż뾲һЩҧͷãȻֲͣ, 㱻ˣ
ͲõּҹӣȻðĺ, Դƭּҹӵĸ飡뾲۾ôһɣԵúڰ׷ּҹӿѰ˶, ƭĲʹ
ûðľһ޹ԶǾľˡ
Ǿãûаʾ, ֻ֮϶
뾲Ȼš
ľȻ̵Ҫѭ浸أȻһ֮ġȻܺãӲá
ľѾԶ͹Լδȹ˵ķˣ뾲ڵʣҲЩҪʾԶСˣ֮²ҲûҪҵɣ
Ҳʵڲ֪Ǹ˵С﾿ʲô뷨ԶȺʾ˵֣СԼ˾ͽľǹǲԸ֪ɺһȴƫƫľ֣ԶԽ;ľľûϣԶв˾ͽľܲ˵ǣһ˵ǣ¾಻ˡ
ľĥ˵ĹӦʶҵģΪΪˣҵҶȻҪúãлл
ԶôЩ꣡
뾲ľĻɫĽһ˲
ǾԶĹԼ
ҼҽϣŮСѧЦ¶ݣֹׯ뾲һġ£ΨľԲعزŮ뾲ʱ˳ͷʱõľšǸԶҲȵġ
ӦڷԼĴˡ
֮һ¾ͽ۵ͷҲһˣľҲƽϣεҡҡͷͽ˶ԭء֮ǴԶ顣
ȥ飬ԶձȵģںδαȵġľֻԶ˵ԼһȺ۸ʱľõ۸ˣϸȴ֤ʱԼڳԶġ
⣬ôԶˣֹԼǲ˰ɣ
ǲұ˵δԵĹģѰͷ֪Ѷˡ
ľ齣ǵأ
ֱֹ񲻸㣿ʡ
ľ޿κε̾һЩ귴ҲǵСʱȥȻǹװڳǲԸҵȹ
ݱϾľĵ̣Ҳֻ֣ܿȥϢԶǺʱεرֻԼҪϸʵڷѾʱδϸԶͷصݰľͬΡľܾĸĸһӦ£һƴǲá
ҴΪľ׼ѱľ壬ľɲ֣ͣΪζŽҼ޳ȥ
Ϊδ˼ҡޱľ֣ȳǧСڿͺӶˡ
ЩСһ𣿡
Ϸˡ˷뼸λ̷ͬвĺӻµĳһҲΪ֪һ㣬Լ㲻ԸҲɸԼʵľãľ֪ҲٻܾҪ
ľƵųڣԶԼںδ

ľ״ʳָűǼ⣬к¥µġʹ
ԶԼᾫϸѡһĵطû뵽ὫԼ
⶷һľŶ¥ż䣬ϵľ£ˮǶȦӣ˼ͷ뿴Ķľڶ¥ǿ
ּҼҴҵ󣬶ҵ漰ұȱĵҽͻԳͬһָֺֺܷź͵ֺŵλ
ľľĳѡãǰ෬ȽϣŶ´˴Զð׾ЦЩɵ
⣬ϾƤӰϷżȥֺŵķ⡣ľܷšֻ˭ҹԼһѡֵطȷжȮҲֻǴȷҲϲȮ
Զϵű䣬ḷ̌̾һֻԣܹΪѵĻ⣬żɽֹӣҴ˴ǰĿֻڸֹҲǵ֮ˣֹӲҪϰ׷ѹˡ
֮˽˾ͽľľľ𣿡Զúܡ
ǽԶұּҵү𣿡ľʡ
Զ׾һ죬֣ľľּҵٷˡ
ȫ˵һȥľᡣԶӵһľֲԼֵּ˺ӣͿίʾֻܾ˱ǲľ˰񣬴˿Ƕһ㡣ϲڡ
һһľľеľƤľֻõֹӣʵһֱֻѿǿԣҲǲԸġ
ҵ˵ɻ伱꣬ҪһҲҪһԶ
ϲˡľ̵
ԶŵֱͦľľҪ˵㻶ϲϲˣء˵ֽ°ͣһҴòˣƭҵģ
Ҫ͵ҪӾӣΪʲôҪһӵһӣԵûһ
ʵϲҲݡľҧҧԶ֪𣿴˴ݣһ·ڻҡʵѻ㺡ԶҲرǳúܣ֪ܣǴ׸ӣ󷢾Ͳʰˡ
־Զһһ㶣ţ˵ļݣжһӣֵȷǺܰ䡣
棿
ǧȷľһק
Ƴһ۴Ӳ˵ѵľƳһ۾Բ˵ѵľҲ˵ѵּҹӣޱصͷǿʵ뾸Զƣƻ˸˶ûк³
лҪ˵֪죬

ҩ

ľʮȫ, ȻԶԼϲڣҪڴͨãһ¶, Զ
ľ𼱻ȥѰڣ϶ڵˣϵľֵ˹Ķʱͨ, Ҳڷ, ľֱ̤ڵסһƿţС
ڲ̫, ϵһյƣǰ³򴦵·ֱۣΪҩһһͣ뿴, һµضס
ľҲɵ㶵վŲֻ, Ͷ˶ӡ
ȻعľɴۣǸһһѽŹ, ȴֻţһأһС
ŵһ˲, ӽľɵվ˰β֪ӣûɿһְżϡ
ľƽٲкʹ˷Уֻǽļһʱûע⡣ôһΣ޵һĻ
ûӴಲ֪ǲеӶһ㣬˾£׸⣬խܺΪˣ㿴ĺãҲЩģɩҲ˵ֿģϵȴúܡ
ȥҩڼߵľǰ£סַԸľ۵죬ǵδ˵סԼ۾
ʲôÿ㷽ŲǶˣڱܿ˵ĵطڿ󣬰뿪Цñſȥҩ
Ȱ·áľʹᣬҲһҲˣҩ
ľŰɵɿһָ죬˲ܿ塣ڵȷ·ˡ
ҩڽ˷ǰҩҩһϣľͱߺ
ֻֿġľֱгһϺֱۣͰۣԽԵôĿġüͷѵһ䣬϶ȴԽᡣ
ǰľȻ죬ֻڶԷʹҲϾǳֻǺִЩ
ڼŮӣǰˤŤŵģʹʱ޵滨꣬ľȴͷһμۣҲŲޣ۾ͺߺǱ˽ŵС̹۾תھǲ֣һ
ľȫעⶼԼϣڶһҪֻ˵תעұ£
໣ۣľһֳҵڰҩʱýƫƫͷĲʲǿһЩ
ָϻδĨҩľüδ㡣
ľ쿴
˶ãܣŮأΪҩ
ڶˡľʱǴ˵˶󳵷ͷţľ֪Լڰæ͵͵Ӻȥڶڻ
֪жİá
ǲϲܲסּҹӾϲľִһʹ̵üӡ
ҩƿաһϣڴۣ˹زմָϵҩ࣬ɫϡƽּҹӼ棬ôܵˣ
æѽļֻ̌첲ţϷǰӣƭˡ
Ŷ˭ϵãҩЩ֣ͷҲδ̧ϸ
ͬ˵Ѿ˽ˡ
ڵĶһ٣̧ʱṴ˹ʱ£ô֪
Сүƽ⣬æɡľǰ˴ա
ǻ˱
ԭҲûʲôľ죬۷һɨ̯ϣ˵ֱֻڣһֻţһſϣ۰
ľݼֵȷۣ١èƵĺĿ˵ϣҩƿ
ֱסļ̌ӱ¶һ˫۾ҩĨʱľʶֱָס˲ֵָ
ֻһΣ´αϷ롣´ΣֻܼϷ
Сүģҵ֤֤ҲԶľˣұָ̰ٴ֮ǰҪܿԶľֻ뵽취
ڲÿɷ񣬡ڲˣ
ľһ˲ֱ죬ۡ
ЦҡҡͷֵͷΪҩ
ľ֮ǰΪڴӦæżֵȷ⣬ۻۡŵضҩľ׼ֻ̳֣ǿŽ̹˵Сүҩȴʮᡣľۣ۾˳ڵָһơ
ľ֣æ·ֻǲݲݵ½ʲݵţ¶µԼšľǵýʱƺҩǸεϵˡϴ³ç˿ˡ
ԣͿҩĶδֻͣЦһ⸱ѿ˵ӣñ
˭Ƕѿ˵ˣ
ڽ£ţǶѿˣֵúܡ
Ÿˡ
ڰ죬ʮ˻ضֲáԼֻľӣְŴڡ
ڲͻ΢΢ţľʶԼĺĿ˳򥵽ͦı
ʲôͻأŵľһ£һջĿ⣬ҲʶҪһ߬סһҶʲô
ľĿĴΨҿڣͰ͵ҩϺˣҾˡ
Ůķ٣˿Ŷ䣬ֻ¶һͨĶ⡣ڲɫɨľĶգҪֵĶָĦ࣬װͷֻñ濤ԶǰϷҼʱ⣬λȴ֪ʱԶִˣ뿤Ը
ڵָһ㱡룬Լǳ¡ֲָڣľңעָȥֻһ飬ֱͷ
ľŤŤڼþգ֡
ô



ľ, ġľֻ˵ԼʱģҲɲԶ
ˣľ֣°, Դסõѡ
Сرܿ˵֣ιһȥһţүӻľˣָ˵ʱ䣬ġ
ȻʱԲ, ǽࡣľ, ֺɻӻô˶족
ļλӻֵѧѧ
ŮȶãȴӲŮСҲҪʶ, ѰѧòỤֽ̊ұһѧãֻŮӣͽӻ֡
ľҲָԶҳĹҪ֪˭ôЩĹľ߾˫, һµ˳, ԶĻ᲻ѧˣ
ݵλǧ浯
ҲһҪļС㣬˭ҸϵССŮҲδɡľʶ°ͣһ۱ڰмѿ֣󿿡
뽫Ѱۼֿһ档
ľѰ˸ƿ, Ѿ취ˣȽѧöļҹҳ
׼˵ϸ
С, Сˡ
ľ죬ȥš
뾲һһ̧°͡ӽСߣֱͦ˱ûҲҪųơ
ϰ뾲ľҪһسӣһ࿪ľ
ٶ뾲ˡ뾲Խ棬ƮƮбһۣƵߵľǰζʮ´ľʵڲŹ۵ˣĿľϣʱԼּˣǱֱš
ľЦ䳰ȷ⧲˵һ졣뾲һһģؿֲҪˣ
ľµջ֣üЦ뾲ʶԼϷˣˣظתԼŮһѶСϻӣľҪסľҲ㣬۾ֻЦ
ƣ뾲ҧҧȴǽϻص˺üϡϻüװżƿ
뾲һҩͷ˶㣡
ľϻϴ򿪣ű죬ŵһô˼óϻһµҩƿָƿдġ衱֣Ŭɴ۾ѵõҩ¶ʵǲͬ졣
鸡䣬оŮӣȥˣ뾲Ǹҹ㣬ˣȴ˵ĻҲ˵һ䡣
ľ״䱾ףҪӦͦͦģҽһúúݵġ
뾲òᣬ޷ڣռˣ˶ţ˦뿪
һתֱľס
ţҪ㡣
ľѾȥЦı飬һ
뾲Щͷʲô
ɻǵʱļµĹҲһӻֵѧѧҵĹﶼӻֵѧѧȻΪϤѧеѧԶĹ뾲ʹ£뾲ҲǽԼͲˣ뾲Ȼʡࡣ
Դ֪Լܾǽ˾ͽľ֮ȥҰּүץ˺뾲±Уʲô
㲻˵ð˾ּүĹô뽫˵ĹҳԼȵ˻ԼȥޡҪ˭Ҫȡ¡ͷϡ
ľСۣг𱨳ԹԹ뾲˵ֶΣǲݣʤľľܻζֻһΣľ֪ԶľǵľᱨϷУҪﳭŮ䡣
ô꣬ǵˡ
ľʣ㽻õļλС˭ѧϹѧ֪ɣ
Ϊ˭һúö飬֪ȥҰ뾲ûֱۣԼ鲻Ҫˮռƿ뿪
뾲ЩҵĲľ񼣬СǲЩԾ
ϻҵҩƿպãͷҲ̧֪ҩİɡ
ľеݸͷЦЦĸѾҩٸ͡ôЩӻûʲô

ѾߣСݡľÿݻȥΪЩزϷ˲ϲľҲͲͷҵΪѡĵĶÿÿΪ
㶼ڡ
ϻǰĶӺľǵһμûʱҲãܾЩڡͷƹľ˻תҪ
ڽסľʱѾ˭֪ľʶҪ㡣
ľżĽŽѣͷ¶һŤǿЦ
һʱʧЦ֣
ľգۣջؽ߹ȥ󣬺֪ʶԼ
Ʋȥĵ߰˼ľСүôԶԵ㣬˭˲˵һСү𽵹δš
ڸһǮׯϰԼϰԼŮ㣬ԵûסֻǵҸݹϲǵľϲԸ㣬ʱ˿ƹõǼľǡҲˡ
һˣлҪ̸ƹҲʵʵر뿪

ҲҼҵӣҲľˣƤһ㶼ռϷ磬ɴ಻ˣȥ㣿
ȵȡվľǰľ˴ͷ֪ǲͷԵʣľͷֿܾͣɺˣ
ľ˵ֱ֣Ŷͷ¶ЩδɢѪģ֮ǰࡣ
ͿҩͿĿڿˡľ졣
ˡһģ̾һֵԺĵ㡣
ڷδ·Ҳżţ㲻֡ľʶ䣬ҿ
ʶԼ˵˻ľһ㶣յת¥ݿڣԶŤһ



ԶľĴ, ˵ŵκУ竴׵Уѧ, ܼŵΪ߽ȺСݵģЩʧƫġľľһһŮӣЩԶﴫҥ԰ˡ
Ŵ̴̵˵Լ˴ಲ˵ȷеŮӢۡǿ˵Ӳ̹Ȼ˵ֻ
ľԶãĬȻתȥԶǰǰôǰѾϰˡ
ҲľĻһ, ü˵עЩ, ȴ¥ݿһˡ
Ȣľּү
ľѾΪˣҧضܿεİա
üһɣڴЦĿϻ, ̧ʱԶϡ
Զľӵĵһ۱졣˷ǳЦţͨȴʮֱˣЦﶼŲǻʳľζԶԼڶԷǰһأŷݸԼ׳׳ӣӲͷƤѹʮĿ⣬ԥźһľľ
һ, סֻԼľ, Ѱ㡣
Զһ顣ǵ˭ˣƤӰϷ̨£˵ķϳľľľľôи֮һң
˵֪֪ȤûԶľһۣ޿κεط, תֹӣɰ
Զľи֮һľлز, ľ˵ʶʣľľλǣ
ľ̼ԼǰԶǰĻѣһġˡ𲻾պһԶĵĴûᣡ
ľߣ͵͵һڣֵͷλǾԶˡ
۾ܿľݵжô
ͷһؼľˡСˡĹ˶һļƤ
Զһ۾ʹſֵʹѽ
䣬΢𣬡ʹã
ȻĿԶһԶʿˮǹǰһץסľ֣ľľǸи֮ĪҪƭˣ
ľһקԴһգãȻذһ
ǰƤӰϷ̨һŮӹ컯֮§§ŮӻΪ
Զˣľһ㣬ǿЦͬԶϴ˰ɣԶȢء
ӺãȻǴԶƶ
ӺôͲỳյŮأľڨڨȥԶ֣ŪˣԶˡ
ľľɱαƭˣԶڿľ翴һλִԲĳŮӣ˵Ҫֱ˸ĺܿŮӢ;أ
ľһȵԲѵģʵڿɰֻҲʵڰۡɫһ䣬סԶԶһһʹ޵ֿ֣ľ˳Լǰһ
컯֮ʥ飿ڷסľļ磬һ
Զľ˳ӵرαӱšһͽĵͽӣƭ˵ĹԶʱŭգǬ˷֮ˣҽձȻҪȥ٣
ľԴţһЦ٣ǱNĹ١
ڽȨơ
ľתķɿ죬˼Զ֮֮ǡüһѾؿ˿ֿ˿ڡľʶȻ
»ڻУڵţ֮Ͼڵ򥡣
ľһĬȻƿڣڲƵĿߵߵǰΣ
ľαӵġħצԶһ´ģԴǵľľľ֪Ǹĵаĺù˲࣬ϳɫǧ򣬻ڵ㣬αִһи֮򡣡
ľʱû뵽Լôһ֮ء
ҧҧһᣬŮǧֺαִأ
Զľľ˹ƻҪˮ֮УвӦľȻת۵Ļ⣬ʶҡ
ֹ˵֮Ҫ𣿿ҵ沢δȹ㡣ľ
ʱڶԶľһٸԼľˣȴһֱûлϸϸس塣ѾֵĶ֪ˣҲҪԶ˵پȥֻ¸һ顣
ľȦϣûҪرܵ˼
ľͷͬüŪҲȫûղԣľҲÿڸߣȨǿ
ľʳָǼ⣬Զһɵ㶵վţ°ʾ
ŻһɬűˣȻת˾ӡԶܵĴ̼̫࣬ȻҲԼˣľżԹԵ¡
ֻĸʱŻݣҲǳ˰·ݣӶġ
Զľګص˵ͷ֮⡣
ӻǲ̫áľֻü㻹ǵʲôʱȵ㣿
ǰ󡣡Զʵش걻ĸ״ȥ߿ۣڿ˱Źܼȥˮȹܼˮʱ򱻼
Ǳˡľһ̯ԶԼתӡ
ԶɢľľΪҪ˵
ľѾڿаճȭһסˡ
Ҳ˵֮ʱҲݣǸ㲻ҡľҧһһ٣ЬѾڵصüء
ԶһϿҵػɾҵĹͽ˾ͽľ
ľƽֻԶЩͷԣ¿ֻЩ
Զգգַۣϣ棬ȻЩľľֻΪ˺ҷ𣿡
ľԶִֵɫһʱֻںԭҪ͵Ļߣһ̾Ϣ
ľһ̾һ룬һֱһδںȻЦһ
лһӣϴŵļֻǲԸԼ˾ˣһԸ˰ˡ
˼ԶɫҰסӭȢԼľһҪĴ¡Ϊ֮ŬѾ˼˽ʮ꣬ڿ˼ȥȡľΪ̹ɣȴͻȻ֮䷢ôŬԭǴģԼܽŬʵֻһգԼϲ徭Ϊʲô
ԶɫҰܵľЩ̣ŵԥǲԶڵɫûԶأֱӽ˺̯Զǰֱ档
ٽе鶼˵ˣ˶ڴϾˡ
Զһˣһľ뿪ˣԱ㡣
ᵧ˵۽ǣ׼һ뿪
˸ߵ¥ݿڣԶͻȻعһסľľľʾڣ˱ﲻһĶ⣬䡣
΢ķ䣿ϣľֻΨ䡣
ȻѾ˵ˣҲʱΪڻָˡ
ʵ
ЦԼľ˶ϲֻܿóʲô
лҪ˵Сү˶ϴ۹ⲻУſҺľһԣ߳ŭܻԶ˿Σ



Եһ, ԶǷͬʯףҲûϢϷ˿õˣԭļ, ľȫȻ⣬ҲЪ˼
ｫĳҲʼ׼±˸ӵĿζ±ʽ, Լϲġ
ľŻĲ, ȦȦ˼ۣЩ, ɴЩġ
Ӧ£ʱһġӵա
֮ǰڵ뾸Զһġ˶٣̲סԼ뾸Զ𣿡
ľŰƬ̧ͷ
鷳ǼҲӲͷƤ, ԴӺүĺ󣬿², ܻȥүæ
Ȩ졭ľʶ
ȨҲ󲻹¡
ҲԸ鷳
Ϊָʹ뿤ױʶҲȥѰæ
ľ죬ȴԼҭһ仰Ҳ˵
ޱ, ֻû˵ˡ
ľһµƬӻص, תЬſϣǽۡ
ʰӳȥٻʱֻľſ齵Ľ䣬дžᣬһ
ū澲뿤
ľҲûָһԣͷ齱
ʵʲô顣䣬ϸ䣬ܿвͬġǷ鰮űڵɫԻ󣬴ԼЩϲġ
ֻһֻƽ鷳
ѵ۵ļƻУڰݵһĽɫԱƴӵط룬ܽΪĺù١ֵƽʵ̰ٵĽ֮ѵ۽Ϊ̰֮ףάϵ֮ƽ⡣УѵƫȻΪѵڼ׿Խ
ǿѵ޽ãϥ޹ܴҵŮӡһѸ£ѵѽĸһ顰ϵ̫ȻʹԭʸڵĹ衣ѵƫֻ²ʱҪȵۺ󳾡
֮±͸ӣοݣհ˵ıࡣ
һ¿ѵزľԥҪҪϷ˽ȥϷʱҲ¡
ÿͻϷӵϳϷȻϰߡǰὫϷϷ˹ֻ߳ôһ۵ľϷǳϷͻøСȿһǺãհϷ̨ӡ
ľʱˮѾ˲ıãλϷм䡣
ľϷֱ£ž뾲ڶС֮УϷ۰ľʱҪϷҲⲻҪ档ܣȴҲϷǰ֣뾲һͱͷϷ
һϷϲϷžǼСŵ㡣ľôϷϷ˼˼һ飬ֵһۣʹıϡ
ľھ£Ϸ࿪˼Ҳûע⡣ǰһϷգһϷǹ
뾲ͻȻ߷ӣŵͬһ°µľһ°Щڲ豭ϡ
Ķʲôˣ˭Ϸȥ뾲ָϷ̨ϱһĵǶԸˡ
ǸǶҲӦǫ̀ûϷǰϷԭӦǸ޾Ļᣬȴ֪ô˹˲ˡСǶŵһ£̹£ŹݣŴ֧ॵ
ľԶԶͿСǶĺɸƵӣҲæ
Ϸһ̬ɫݣ˭Ϸ
ϷƽͰɾηˮ⣬һƬž˳Ӧ
ľĿԶһصβڲԶϷϣһۣʵ֣񡭡ҡδϸϷһ㵽Ҳ֪Ϸľʲô
Ϸ˵ɫԱ䣬ΧĺƺҲͣһ˲
Ϸ˵ɫƣŶʹ˾׷ЩСɡľһطϢ
ľ֪ϷҽҪ˵һ򰲷ؼʵʵӲǣٱϷ˽½ȥ˵дȴǹԹӦ¡
ϷûŵϷ£һľԶ顣
ľԶڵ̼鱻˰סˣϷ˲֪˵ԶͻȻһӵ˺˺յգֹ쳣ϷȻҲľ޹ȥֻһľĻû䣬Ϸ˲ļ
ϷľԼŮòпĸǻڣҲиĹˡ
ĸĸ븸׶ܹҡ
ãһϷ˱ûкɫǱ˵Ϊ״㻹û㼸á
Ͼ˵Լ׵ľҪάһ£ĸʵ״Һܺá
ãĢ́˼븮
Һܺõġ
ǣ㶼Ǹ˵á
⻰˵ȥŵĴƶҪáΪӣľʶ졣
Ϸ֪ľҪά̾˿Ҳᣬλ˵Ĵ򣬽㿴
ľȻûʲôҪҲٷ˵ͷ
͵ȷϷ˱ۣбŷ֣Ŷͷ㿴ϷʱĲɵģӲˬʲô£
ľĸҺ˵ԼڡҺиңľĻ뷨ȴͬģֻܵͲܸߣͼ޾ҳҵľҲͳԲ˿
ľݣޱNеӶеͼޣΨô㲻õͼ޵ģоڡľŻ׵ΣȴȨЯڵô
ˣԼСҲɾ䲻ԼС
ҹδ˯㡣ľΪӿŶȣ˸Ƿ
ݼԽԽܱ˿Ƿдſ֣±˿
Ϸ˿Ʋ˵ƣ˰֣ˣĸҲˣҼסҪ㾡ȥҪհǰ˺ҲΪ˹˼˶Լ顣ľѾˣĸֻԸһá




Ϸһ˵, ľûҪȥ׷˼հǰ˺ϰѾ˹ûȫİ취ͲԸðȥһ
Ϊͷʱϼͷ, ˡ
ľȻסԴϸһͭԼְ̾ſױ̨ϡ
ûͨ
ʵûʲôģΪ, Ҳûرϲڡľ˶, һ࣬ϲأô룬Щġ
ľûԹϲʲô, ֪һĶ᲻᷺ĵһʰ֪Ķһѵõ飬Ҳֻһԣѵһδȡֻ»޾ź
ľı飬ְ֪ԼƽȦˡѵѡ, Ǳ㽫ѡ񽻸Զȥ
ľϸ˵
ǾԶϲϿ, ȻҲҪԿĵ⡣ԶҪȿ΢ʹһ㡣
ľһ˲ȥ㿴ϲ𣿡װ˽, һԿЩȴǻԼǽûеҪ˵ƽô
Ϊ, οˣԶܶԿأҲͻͿЧ˾ͽҡ
ľɹ˵ױֱ̨ƺϣȥȡڣ
ޱΪӣūֻ˳ſ˼̨¡

Ŷ

ľˬİͬ飬֮޶
Ҫɽ¶ˮڶԼأ˵סû£Ҳûûвο˶ԴµľһƬհףĪ˵ǾʦƤҲһ
Ҳʱһԡ
գľŰڳſڿ𻨾ƣ˼Ҳͼֲˡ֪ǲСȾƵģմþƣҲǺõģÿҪžѾľϰߡľżˣ³ʲôƣʮ꣬еĹ𻨾ƣģһҲûС
Ժһù¡ľùȻʮָߴ˸ӣ˸ߴ
𻨵Ũ˱ǣӭţ޲ô֣˵עѽ֦Ӱбڷϡľϲ𻨣ҲֻŻӣ͸Ź𻨡
ȾƵȻֹľһˣϵĹﶼȾơһһ裬˵Ҫų±
үӸûʱ˼ơľƽʱļö࣬ĹȴٳţҲϲĲˣүüСȥϲĻʱľûȼˣټʣ
ǵĶɳ±ɡ
Ͱųʱһյơžߴǰľ˳ְѵƷ̧ͷŶֱ뾲
뾲ɳһġ
ľ졣컹ûڣ˯ʱôȻôΡ
ѲɰʲôľСȥƣ뾲ʲô֣ϡ
뾲һۣԼлҪľס뿪뷨ֲԸȥֻޱ飬Ҫ㡣
Ϸ˿СһϢү֪ԼڳСоһҲ뿪ˡͥԺֻʣһȺСֺ˵ԣעߵĶ
ľŲһ볤øʣҪҪ㡣
뾲ҲѵûŤԱһʣ˵ּү䣬ǲԵʣ
ľƳһۣﻹǵ棿
뾲ǡԽƶԼǵԶС˵ԶԼ鷿鶼˸ɾҲûѰľ²ľ˵ʲôϾľΪźԶ˽ľԶʲôԶģ׷׻⡣
뾲飬ƣҾʲ𣿡
ľ²͸뾲ͻȻһɵҪĳҲûʲôϵûʲôֻǸҲľ˰ˡ
뾲Ժ󱳱֪˭ˣ
±ǡöľע±ϣҲûע⵽쳣ڴ֪˭һȥָԶԼľ˵ͺˣҲһơ
Ǿǲ֪뾲һľҪͽָȥ־Ȼ֪ľ潫͹ȥҪԶ֪Զƽʱľң붼˺¡
뾲֮ķ֮УҲ˺ľк뿪ˣľתͷͲˡ
ľãȻգۣȻʶﲻԾ

ݵĴֵϸΪ֡Բ¸߹ңŵƽʣҲܴĺԶߴҼһȼҵƻƺ±ϢҲܴʮ
յķЩڸռݶˡץѶڶδ֣ݵͬﲢ֪ǰϡȺףûĹǵĸ˱ͷӬһ㣬ڴʱ׳֦˸İֱ·ܿҪȥڵĴȣݼ
ڽӦﰵ̽ûʲôɫø˷һġϯϾƹѲһڸ¥֮ϱ紵ȥ롣
֮µȷԲҲΨҵƻ֮ԡ
վҲûҪ˼үȥĶ
ɫתȥȥҵƻһڵҡ
ƽȵصΪڰŵıԺһ·Ĵŵƽʣò֡ΨһǰֻֻƽĵŽգЩ
̤Уԥ±ȥã
ˡҪؼԲҶûУڱҲʸģԣԼȥþͺá
ԺүӺȹһ˺ү¡
ոе˲࣬Ĵɻ󡣸ϵ˶ǺˣҲݣȻڸôҲü˲ǡ
ԽԺߣֵԽͣ½Ų΢΢üô£
һ£ǡڹڡ
з꣬ҲӿˡߵԺֻԺһŻƣɫ⽫Ժյͬ硣°һӣֻ˼꣬ϲˡ
ǽһӣվһˣһֱŲʵŬǽǣõϹҡǱ߿ڣ˷½ʵƱڻڳһֳֻ˻ӣˣҵþ




, ľȻʧЦ
ľŲʵƵ껭ĸޣ۾, й⡣ҵƻҹҲΨ֮⡣̫
֣ͬ
ľӦһ, Űѵƹ, ӡ
ӵһǾûôΪӡȻһ±һ̫壬˿ʼúԺһȺʹҵһѻ˿, ľææµµ
ľҪԼȥҵҪˤǶСȰȰĸ˷սս׼ǿĵ, Ŷÿš
ľСܵǰæһȦ, վס˻Щ
ڸúôţܵʲôȴضľ͵һͿ
СүıԺס, ҲˣȻҪһ֮꣬Сүˡľֲ˲ͷϵĺɢ˺, һ˹ֿġתһ룬ⲻǹĵĺûᡣһ磬飬ʱ򣬸ػڻøжһͿ
ڿ̫档ڴ
Ȳں㹥Ĳɣܹһ㡣
ʱˣδģѽڣȻҪۣһˣȻҲϷľ
Ҷˣǽġľһӣǰ㣬ЩʧԹˣó׼˷ˣ͵ڻ
治ɫûС
һɾζ
ʲȥׯһƣʱմϵζ
ľ̽Դ˿أ
ʧˡ
ľǿģؿҲ̫ˡ
콵һڴܵԼҺү޵ݹɫʵãһʱ⣬үˡ
䵭û´Ρ
ǡ
Ļϯأ÷ªȴñһζ
½½ûڣľѾԹˣûһҲȫΪڹȥĶųӣľΪӵն
ڶžƱЦʳˣڱԵô
ľҧŴб㸮ϵĳպãҲ𣿡
ôϲ̫ҭԼָһ𻨾ơ𻨾ƻǹųȥġûƽƽľƣľŹҪйڵ˼ùȥһ
Һ޲ԵԵգҲġ
ڵ͵պһԡ
ľû˵ʲôһһھƣһʵûڻش־žƱ·ȵʲô˵ı
ͦúȵġľϸϸһڡûȹƣֻȹһƣҲ졣ڸմһӾƣǱѵۼϵġ
𻨾ײˣڲŷľȣ±ĺƵģԼľƱˣָ֧ŶһƷ˺üǱǲǵװҺ
ңľЩвס˼СѾȭ
ľǰΪСѾȴûݣһµصͷֱ˵ū澲ҡ
ľ˵ػͷڡ΢ü˵½ǣԡ뿪
һСڣȻֻǧ˳عš
뿪ľоɣǳƣܾ;ƹѲӦҲȥ

ԡ󣬾ͼľŰľƺɵڵɵ֣һȺȭѾ߽վһԡ
΢ɲü첽߹ȥ
ľһ糺쳣۾ˮʪ߹Դһ֣β
ڵɫ˲纮̶ǼСѾߣô£
СѾͨڵϣ
Ҫūоȭ߾ͷơѾ֧֧ᡣ
ʣȻء
Ȼ󡭡ȻһơѾߵԽԽ͡˵ͨԺ֣ǱΪľӦҲͨȭ֮˭֪ʮŴĶľ־ÿƽպ죬ؾ㿴һơ
ɫ࣬ҪʱָȻ˹ϡͷľѾѾƺһߣСĴָСָɵЦ
ʱʲôƢɢ
ڷס֣Ѿȥ췣´Σġ
Ѿæлȿֺ뿪Ժ
̾˿ֿоָľ
һδסǻ鷳
ר־ָļ̌ͷ
ڱװͰ͵ģЦȥױ
һ˲һ˫ֱ㻻Ĳӡһ΢΢һƫףľһذĲϣ㰡
Ů˾ƣ΢΢̣Ĳӣ̷ѪҺ
ֻһ˲˴ڻУŴɫĿĶһֱմ˾ɫĴϣֻƵһǡ
̫ˡƴЦ
ľ죬ѧĶҲִ䣬űסһָOO@@϶
ڲԡֻľ֮лԭҪԡһ顣
ϲ˾ӣȴҲԸľδ֮ǰ¡ʹһֶϲֻԸʱҪ
ץסҵ֣ҧгݣַʵһ㣬ٶķӳɻ顣
ãȻ֪ľɵ۾Ӻ﷢ϸ΢ĺ
ڵһľ˭ܵˡ
̾˿ֻ̣˫ˮ۾ľ˳رԴǡ
ǵĿᣬþȫŽԼӳ
ľԵɵɵۣſֱ۱ס

һèƵһˮｫڴͷţ˸͸عɫȻʮѿҧгݵ˾ͽľʲô
ľڵģãȻϻһɻ󣬡ô˰ôһȦȥˡ                        
лҪ˵ȹ𻨾𣿺ϱе

Ӣ

, ûסڵϣһס
Ƶľ˿ûʶ, ȥҲûʲôӦֻǳٶ۵̧ͷԴ̵ؿڣ㳤ˡ
ߺͳܴá
˭Цһס
ľ㶵, Ȼһ, ۡ
ЩЦûϣ𡣡ȴɿ֡
˶, ֻعҧгݣҲ
֣ľɺۡΪװģ˵˺üΣҲԽ, Щţ°Ϳ
һۼδ¡
ڽϿ˸, ҲûҵһƺۼľȴԽԽίҲʼžžવµĻš
ָ, ۣ
ľ˷Ӧָ߸̧쵽ǰֺ۰
ʼնδ, ôẰۣ
ľ޵УǺˣôҲûͷûԵ˵ۡ
ȥĴӡӽ⿪Ӷ俪¶һϸ׵
ǽϸ׵һỊ̇˰󣬿ѪܣһѪĳ档
ڵĴĴָֻľɪһ¡
񷢰ľˣô˵ģǵȻʮľ˿ˣ˿֮Щܶǡ
ľھǸӣҲĻ
ڵüͷšһӣҲǵֻ̣ۣ洵Сİ취ڵľʮЧľĿҲСࡣ
𣿡ľֹסޣΪȥᡣľ죬ۿͨҡͷ
ȴ޷͸ء
·ʱϰԵסԼ󡣴ӴܱӰʵʵŹװ󣬲ò¶Ҳڡ͸ᰵǰԭľģֻǺˣűѵ۴ʹܹˣ޷١ѵ۵ǻľҲֻ֣ͣ˵ø硣
ںɡһСأôˡ
ľˣڵļ˯˹ȥ
ѰʱͼһֱάŲƣ֮£ްɫ

ľŷԴʱİĳڴϻ˺һ񣬺Ȼɴۣ˴Ҵææ·̾ܣճԺžײӭڡ
ʲôڵ΢΢ƣһץסֱۡ
Һ˵֮ǰȥһĸҪңҲھˣ
Ѿ˴ǸŮˣ֪ô
ľע⵽ɫήңһҹδ˯ӡ
ȥľɻ
ڵ͵ӦһҹùȥľˣҲûһϢǵʵڴĿģҹľǰ˴ҹȰȥӶľ۵ӡ
ҿƺѡ鲻õʼٸһ޹Ĺ
ҲٵȹϢֱ˵ô£
ľʶؽֱװ⣬ʲô֣
˾ͽľ̹ףڱ
ҷˣڰͻȥȥðǴĻļ//ҪǸŰ峤֪ˣƴҪץȥ
Ц׼ڣٸNϹĹģģ
˿ûжҡ֮⡣
ľڵĶ֣ȻԺӣڵĵ̣ڲţ߲ˡľֻõͷӦ
ڶû˵ְľ˯ķ
ľڶ棬ɫڣ̾˿ŵҲûʲôһ˴̿ͣұһˡ
˵ʱƮȻšüĴָأд̿͡
ҵǱ˴꣬˲ݣոϿʱȻ׳һѵ
ȥĴ̿ĿĽڱ£Ϊβ˵ˣڲơ
ľһʱ׼ȥСү˲̫̫ͺѽˡ
ڲӦֻضľĿֲ֧ס
̿ͳʱҵøϵȾ˻֡
ѵһ鰸ǰʱһ䡰Сġ˱˹קѵۡ̿ͼɱѵʧ֣ת̧ľľʶֵǰ棬ǵϡǹĸ׼ʱ־Ҫڵ֮¡
䱣סˣȴֽʹЩᱡֽŵãһЩģ֧Ҳò
Ļ˵ĺȴܿסľ˵һƵᣬݼʵ̫һ۾Ϳڳǿ
𣿡ʡ
ľںذڰ֣СʱˣȥôãȻҶô¡
֮Ⱦ˱¡
ľ򴽣ڴԴһûһµزŪĴӣҵûҲҵֵǮСʱ룬ǻֽǸұȻڵʱһֻֻһλļ̌Цûбˡ
һ̰˱˵ģʵѾʮˣǿøɻҲźͨ˼ңƽ˸ų԰׷죬ǳ׸
룬ǿͲһ
˵ѵԽݣмΡľС֪ѵۺʮֽ黳װ֪ʱʱǳЩתͷȥѵ۰ΪµĻʱܻظһ
ݼ׾ӵľʵݵı˭á
ɫݣľЦشչȥСүڿҰɣ
ڵһۣÿɷֻۡ
ûʲôÿġNʿĸĸ֪ξһ·ҲǽսҹΪȣͨд˵ȾڼźӢۡȹŻգֻܱȰøáΪ˱NʿӢۣľ°ͣҲӢۡ




ľһģ, ڳ˳ǣʵǱN
ľˡ
ȴơµΪʡģϲԺ֮, ֻԸľܲЩ˼κ˵飬ֻк˲Ÿҿۡ
ԸȻɣҪĲһյ顣
ںȻձҪȥݡ
ת̫죬ľһ²ת, ΪҪ, ãȻŶһ
ʱģ
ԼҲһյ顣
ſ֮ʱϼλ̷˽ſٵɾֻģ¼λ̷˵Ϣ, Ȼɫѡˡڶ˶٣Ըٻģܺȵϲˡ
˵ڲϲĸϲԼ˵ϲơľʮֲ䣬ԽǲںԽҪ, ״ʲôζ
ҪȥݣҲȥ, ·;һ죬ܶﰲŵףһá
ҺȻˡľһ, ҲҪȥݡ
΢һüȥʲô
ҽյعţЪ, δȥݷһ¡鷨ع׺԰ݷعΪڣҲӦʡ
ľĿһת۾ֺڣСү鷳Ӵһ𣿡
ΪѵҪȥݰµġ
ҺܶµģȻ鷳ľ̵
ΪѵشӦ
ľɵлһ·ͻŹˡ
ָЦȥ
ľﵽĿĺҲϷ˻δڹİ»ص
ľԴԡһԣֱ
ڼϷ˲ȥ˵˯˹ͷҲû˽ѡ
ľȥϷʹһϷ˵Ժӱתֱȥ뾲Ժӡ
뾲Ѿ£⼸նԼҪ͸зľЩ⡣
ʲô뾲һ᲻ɫ
ľǰһڳһҳļƣ廨أ
뾲һҲ
ľϡɶƽ˵˵ɣΪҪԶҪҵ֣˵ۼֿץס뾲ЩҪ̵֡
뾲ָһɣ岼ϡ͵ذֳּ룬װ壬֪ںʲô
ҵ֮һʶҡ֮ǰţֵǸѾߣǱȻǸʹƢСѾߣһλС㣬ʶļλǧľ֮ˣΨһĿܱλ˵ǧֻǱᣬʵп֮ġǰҲδ㣬⼸ոⷴԶģҲС壬Ҳһ֮ĵġľС⣬δеҵ֣ӵġ
뾲ŲӰһҲֻǲ²ˣ֤أ
ľʼ磬û֤ݡ˶٣üԶ˾˶ήҲʱľˣҵϣû֤ݣҲľˡ
뾲һվ˾ͽľ̫
ľͷ˵öԡ
ǰ뾲ûаְ취ظľãַ߷£ô׸֮ӲǺ
ҿлл㡣ľӻȺ¸ҪҪ
ľƽ޹ʱԶôЩ꣬Щʲô˵ҲҪҸ㶥£
㵱Ȼ⣬ĸǵ㼴赶ŪǹǶֻнţȴҪѭ浸صĴҹ㣬֪˴ܣֻᰤ뾲Сϲľԣˣ˶˳Ǩͬ͡ĸ۰СȴܱȰҪһؼĴҹ㡣յǣľĶ˳ۣҲľˣ˵˵ҩûãҪ
ɾֲʲô֮¡ľ֪Ů̵ϸ汻Ϸ֪뾲ŵˣǳںģҲⲻһٷ
ľĬĬаɣѾˮʯˣǾڴ˽ɡܲ㹩ԶôӣƤмܲסġ
뾲ϰˣʶ죬ȻȲƤ񡣡
ľҪߣھȥԶ
뾲һţ˾ͽľ
ľͣסţͷб㡣
ҲձҪ뿪Ҫ֮ʱˣͬףúϡľ
뾲ıһ˲ȻЩŤ˵һλ˵ĴѾȥˣ㲻Ҫٶյȴκ֡
ôЩ궼ٴˣҲûʲôɫҲǻϣˡľڰ֣ҶϰˣҲҵòҲν

Ϸˮ磬ͬݽϱ֮䣬Ǹʮĵط
һ˲Žݣ㾶ֱһլľʹ֪µլӡ
Ǻүǰݣľʹ
ҡͷ
ĵطҲҪһСүѽ
һ˰ľûмȥ鰸˼ʵСүӺδʼ𣿿Ҫе飿
֮ǰϹܼҾյϢһӦȫү߳ȵĲҲѾݺáڲƲĭż
̰֮ڼԶҪݵ鸵ҵķʹ˳ȥݵһʱգȥ㹻øҽвԼ֤١
ľ
ڵĲź˲յŵС˱һӡ
ӹһ۲ųʸڣ̫ؼҵĹӡ
ľڣҲȫȻܱ£ݵ·ϣռһЩڸҵϢ̫븵ֵͬܣ̫λãûٳиĶҪ鸵൳׵λ̫ء
̫ô֪ݣľ΢ȡ
ɨдĵطӺһԡպãһͽүݵϢ˳ȥ
ⲻǴĵظҪȥǣľ⡣
ȷǷּݲ鰸ȴǵġ
ľǵģѲģװԼǸֲǸľգۣȻ
Զ֮⣬ѵۻղ鰸̫ضȻ׼֤ݲغãǾԶڴģѾʾûҪ̫ص˼һݣ̫ؾ͵֤ľĲ²⡣
ѵۺڵļƻһʼûֻҪ̫ȣھ;нġڹݶʱؾΪж̫صķ
񸵼᧿ΣȺ׵һȺҪҪѰһɽпҪѰɽҪϡ
ľòڵͷԣʮֿضĴָСү
䴽˵ģֻ΢㣬ܼ˼˻ԼϲĹεĬ


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ڵļƻѳЧ, ľͿʼһĶ̽Դһ۱ڻİ̫عСүȥĶ
ûĻ, ʣҪȥݷ׼ʱȥ
Ϊعһյعʵʱݣһˣ˭֪вסʦȥĶôȥĶعʡοΪתƻ⣿
ĺ, ǰЩӻ, ֪ڲˡСүҪȥ̫عӣȻϤæһ䡣
ʹ˵ʱҲвãƭɫƽ, ̫ز֪ҲһܲϾ˾ͽܲ
УľͷҾʵʵڸϲү鷳ˡ
մȥԺӡʱܼ˵ľ˸ԺԶԺӡ
ڰü̾˿ƽΪү, ľȴܰСүżҲֱ, ΨʱŻүСˡ潫ȥȲɻȴǱȻġ
ľǴԺλ̫ƫ, סҲͲľȻѡ⴦Ǳæɨһ, ̴Щ强Ȼ
̺ôֵľвΪ˺ү޽չүˡ
ľһβ̧ͷ˭ˡ̫عʲôֵ֮£ȥĸңֲȥȻԸ֪̫عȥ֪һͷҪһ̽ˡ
òʲô

߸ƣҪǼ£һĿľûԼβ档
֮в˶죬ľһ·ֱһ¥ǰͣ¡
ŽصǰòĹӶӴҵܰ㡣¥ŮƾЦֱһӻ֪λͻС
ľ¥ӡСүСүýʻ참ҲԼ
˭˭£ã
֬ζ壬΢ɲüɫ˴롣˵λ̫عǹ˻ڷ³ģȴ뵨ӴҲڻ¥Ҳ
̤¥첽ڶߵүڸǡ
ڲɫתͷֶľ۾ҡ΢΢һͣƫ𴦣ǡû¥ĹŤ֫ľУھڿˡ
ν֪֪治֪ģˡľΪǸٵļʵļǲһմȾЩ̰̰ɫĶϰû룬Ǹ߿ˣڲҪӵǮƣҪӵŮ
ľðһػֱڶȥȴǰĸֵĵطһʲô֣
ȻʶŮľǿװ򶨣˭ǹ
ĸЦһָľѣ㲻ΪһװûϵóǸ˰ɣӿ浱Ůװôף
֮жʶľ֪ŮװηҲҴݣľһֱԼŮװ뻯űĸһԵѡ
Ҳֻ߲һ˲ָڵʵλҷǸġ
ĸͷһڣ־ؿľ˵λүΪҪ¥
ľҧҧݣҲû֪˭ͶɣߣҷҹŰȤ¥ʶҲѧѧνźˡ
ĸôЩ꣬з˿Լ˻ȥģҲеĺӶʨᵶץ˵ģΨû˭Ҫѧ¥Ůź˵ġԼ˹¥ʵؽˣɽ⻹иɽ⻹ˡʶǳˡ
ھڲԶľĻһֲȫ˶УֻͷԷ̡ƽﲻݼгϵݵСɷ¡
ĸĿɿڴѯڵڰ˰֣Լˡ
ʮϮѵ۵İڳиԱĹԲ̽ӣ䶯Ҳü֪һЩԱҰġ¥ĸҲ̽ӡ
ľʶԼĪԼ˸
ĸؽȥ
ľɫʵھȣ̲סƫͷľֻܼʶļ
Ц𣿡ľľ
ȻЦˣţʱӹŰȤˣ
ľתҪߣֱ˻ʲôˣ뿴̫ʲô
ѿ棬ڶѾ̨ףľҲȷ뿴ԷҪֵطĿĺڣưͬ˶¥᷿
̫عӻδ᷿ڵվһȺüĸϽǰ̫ͣعںү֮ǰﰲŽ᷿үģЩﶼϸѡģԼˡ
㡣ľ
̬ȣ̫زȫȻûӡǱҲҪû¡
ϲ޷ǮɫҪҵڵʲôһûû㣬û̸⣬һ㶼ɲˡѾ˽Ǯ˾ɫȥֵ̰ɫҲ̸ĵ
㲻罫ƾͼơľ顣
ءڶԴȻܿܡ
㲻¶Ӹǣô֪Ӻ֡
ľڵɫȴÿ
ľҲ޿̣ڣ㻹鲻鰸ˣ
ࡣ
ֻ˵һ֣ľȴˡǲϲЩ¥Ůӡʡ¥ûϵھȻ˽Ժõˡ
˽ľһֵϾֻǷ곡Ϸڲ鰸аҲԿǲ鰸ͲؾЩСˣڻҲԿǣ
ƽˣôҲ˳ݵ̨˰ɡ
ĻڵɫԽѿ
ĸǡڴʱǲλ¥ĹҲһġ
һ۾ƳӴλЩͬѰҲû˵ļҹߵýֻߵĵ¡Ʋ¥ĹܲԼ˰ɡ
ľֻڸ£ԼǽǾͺãδϼԼҪ¥ŮӣٻЩŤֲ˼˵ڣֻһȻߡ
ֻľûżȥŮܣľ뷨ǵʵֵġ
áڿľЦľ
ľڨڨⲻ̫ðɡ
˵ĲؾСڣڿľݣ۾Σյ
ڿսУԼҲһѭ
лҪ˵ľ͵ɷʴ
ڣһ

Ϸ

͵ĴȻѰŮӵĴͬľᱡĲ, ΪµļλĥãŻһŻʵѡ
ľٻصʱѾһϮˮɫѡ߳, էһϺѣ־¥ĹɾЩɵƽ˼ɫ
ڵĿһյ֫ü֮䣬̧۵һ˲ת۲˺
ľЩڵس˳ȹ, һ, ֳ³ס鰸Ҫˡ
ס, ľҲȥڡ
ߣյǰڣҺòÿ
ɫľ䴹£˳΢, ڰ¶ļϣ, ڵۡŮܰȾ˿֬Ĵɫ
ڱۣƴƽǿպϡ
ľ־뾾ԼٺúӦô˵û, ںȻһѹصĵ̺ϣľ·Ҳһء
̫ͻȻ, ʱȵĺ/¶ļ򣬡ʱҪ˵
ľŷӦһžͱƿˡ
̫عӽʱľڽһλѹ£ڵţֻܿҵͷ뷱ķΡ
̫عһϲɼλԶβ֮ˣ˵ҲǸ̰Եˡ
˴£üؿһſڵĲ֮ͣҵ½ֽϵ뻳УѸٽʵϡ
ԭҪ¶磬һǽľļҲڵʵʵ
ľڻУڼϣԾȵϢڲմȾ㶵Դֻܿڵͻĺᡣ
̫عֻսһ˲ЦԼ죬ûģ˺үȤ̳ȥ˵ţһҪϡ
ƮƮͬľһָۣһûһ˳°ͣǶŪһֻСèбָһ黮ľ°ͣǵľ˲ӡȴȻδһ̫عӵ̫عӸһݼĿΪαȻͲװģôһˡ̧̧°ͣЩͷ
գۼһ˵һݷڳľԶ
ľĺ󱳽ȵţؾȻת䡣
ֱӴĿĵ̫عҲûлҡԶô˳ȥỳǷթƾһ֮ϸλȨĺүܿһ㼿ɫ¡
˾ֻΪһ̽ԶǷ㣬ȻԶɫǱֵķ
̫عӲ⿴һľɵүߵĹ￴¥Ĺ㾸Զ䲻ѡ¥ͣ¥Ĺ඼ľӡ
ľſڣڵĶĬĬ졣ڽ˹ȥ̫عӻ¥ͣ
̫عӰɻ󣬴ٶ¡
ľҪϷȻҪ̫عӵ棬صءһܽɫ˵컨׹Ҳ׵ĲҪˡ
ڵƵľʳָ˳ͻһ»ڰ˵Щ˼
ľĶǵһ飬ĸоһ龱һӣ䶼ķ̣ɫҲʮֽӲ
Ѱ¥ŮֺȻ͵̬쳣ߵĹȴŮӣ̫عɻҿүλɲ¥еӡ
µŶһβ¥еӣ
̫عЦ¥Ĺɻź˶ˡ
ɾǱĶˣҪɸɾˣȾָһһ΢ž֮ƫͷľһ˿΢ı޵ľĺ󾱣Ŀ繶ԡ
ľһݼã¥ｿĹʵЩѶȡڽ˵δµСôһеıŤҲ˳ˡ
ֻǣƤٺĵ˵ЩҲʵѡ
ڰŽǶȣԻ̫عӣȴδľļľͻĶŵһңӶȻһ㣬һƬ⡣
˾һ㶡ľؾطϥϵָȻ£ˮĲһš
ڴۣĿڷŲǹļͣͣŴݲȵֱŲɫЦ⡣
ŵֹܾ㹻̫عȫԼļƻѾɹˡ
¥̫ͣعȻֻڻҲ㡣
ֻ֮̽㵽Ϊֹ֮Ȼ̸£޷Ǵǻһʱ̫ع̽ھϳְﵽ̶ֳȡ
ľҲδţ䴹۹ԹڻУʵʵɦŪ°ͣʵȴϸ۲Է̫عӵĻҳõ
һѣľע⵽Ĺָͽ̫ع˸δµݣݱϾ¥ŮӣҪЩݵ¡ľգգۣҲѧһѡ
һѲŰһ㣬Ȼһ˫ס󣬽еˡ
һɫ糣̫عӴǻһ߰뻷ľõ͵ߡ
ֻ¥Ůź͵ģź¥Ůӡ̫عӵĻ˵һ룬ڵľٶðβŵүˡ
ֱľı£˱£ҪҲֵñȥժ»ֵ֡ЦţְС
ѻմŴľ΢㶹̽ҧסѡ
ӶǶľЩ޴롣Խ࣬ԽԳ۾ִ٣̫عҲԽпŶȡ
Ϊ˾ָⶼĸоľԼעȥϡĿһ̫ع󴦵ϡ
էһ̫ͨعӽյĴżΪģֻһ۵Ρ
̫عӴеĿѾﵽҲûѿ׵ġġָѾľϵϣиϿ֮ԡ
̫ع¶Ȼɫװģؾһ¾иǣźүˣգȻЯŰݷá
Ȼ°͸ľļѣδָһֻһ
ȷѾغãҲѾԶľһ뽫ƿ֣ھѾʩʩȻɿֱ˵ľǡôò
ľȻЩˡ粻ÿˣôѸ٣ж
Ҳʱľʳָ˴ڵļ磬ڣ㷽ſ̫عϵûУ
ʲô´ζȻܽľߣڻܷʵףϾע顣
ľ뻻ƣֱùһᡣۼֿסȺ̳֡
ﻹǹ£ľҲû̫⣬˾лֵ̫عǱNı෨ʽӦеı෨
˵꣬һ٣ڵ
кβ²⣿ڻ⣬
ȥԶ亽˷ЩҲϡ棬Ļңǻƽʹ͸˵Ķ
üͷˣ
ľͷѵ˽ĳͣı࣬һʲ̷ӦĹĶ
ԭֻڱNԱ̰ᵳӪ˽ͨѹ̫أľ¶ۡ
лҪ˵̫عӣƣ棬ҪǰѹקɱɱҲֻǸĪֵĹ



¥ľƹδ, ľʱȵǺƣӦȹ𻨾ζҪЩ
ƺѺͳͳһɶ֮Ҳû, ֻԼǸ˾˯ʵˡϾƷ裬ڶȻô˳Ц
ʱһƽԼˣ³һӦҲ޷
ע⵽ھƺϵĿ⣬ƺһһơľĿҲŴСһͷƵһͷƵϡ
ڵȾ¡
鲻ǰˣ
ʱ˾ƹˡڵ
Ȳľжճ, мܲסպùȥ˵Ĵ, ľƣѹȥ, ÿɻʹҲҪɿڵĶ
Ҿͺһڡľָȳһӡ
ЦЦɻǵϴκԼʲô
ľȻǵãڵģǳܣǳ, ڻܰൽڲȡЦ
ʲô
ƺᱡűϷ֡ʵطһʵ, ʡһЩ΢ϸڣٽϵЩ
ľҲֱӷϣȷв˼, ֮¶ԵĿܼ
ڵмֿЦ˼ľڻԼʣ棿
ιƭ
ƭľ, ڿԲãΪҲиַȥľľԽƶƭʣ΢΢Ŀԣҽϳҵˣʱҵҡү̫⡣
ڵЦȻϡľǸȫȻϷˣҪľʵǵƺ飬ֻ˰ˡ
ȥظ
ľԣϵľƣ̾˿ߡ

ļڽ飬ո˼磬ճžơľƽĲ磬ڵסҲԶҲδڡ
ľķԸ⼸Ѽڸ֮˵ľԵȣչ˲ͷ
˲¡ϴӹԱ֡ԳõɫɫӦоУҽԷǷ֮
Ϊβô˻Ὣһ򾡣
̫򵥣ᣬֻЩˣǱӵе۸ӣЩһǣݵ档쵶նȻǸԴ棬ٸա˵˳𣬲Ȼα겻α
ľֽϣִĶ򣬡⼸նȥĶ
ԥһ¥¬ǰݾ޼ָϣǸĶС㡣
ľĬĬӲŶһ
ڵһǿޡڰ£˵˻ƣܼܲǵҪ»˵ľҲȡοԲ˳ҵģϵһ
˵Ҫǲ鷳
Լ鷳鷳
ֺڵķѾЦ˯Ĺľʱֶˡ
ڲڸڣܼò⣬ֻľ
δ̫֮ľľǴر˷¥ͷһձ㱻ڿϣ¥ڸϡǡøҪͽڵϣһڸŮˡ
˶ˣյԵÿɡľϵͷùܼȽѰطڻ˵
Ц߹ܼҺľ类˳һ㣬һѡһѾҲ˯˹ȥʱͷ˵
ôصô磿ľԵɵɵػ·䣬ȥѰڡ
ŵڵԺ⣬иóľ˯ѣӻЩδҲûʲôӦǹȻͣסɷ˵ľ֣ľɣźүһò绨Ůӣúү谮һ鴫ܵû㹲̺ͬүʵĸ֡
ľ۱ץס̧֣һѽƿǹһˤڵϣŵؿȻ㣬ʲôΪҪҡ
ˣڿ϶ڵݺ˾û·Ϊʲôͻˤӣľ̾˿û˸ݻҪլ
һûбˣ
תȻվ
ڵɫЩ
ľգգۣ쵽ǰקҡ
߶꣬ŮˣҲǴľֺ֪Ůж¡լŮ˶ˣһʯ·ˤƽһˤʵڶԼ˺֣ƶɳĥѪ
̾Ϊֹʶˡ
ڵĿľĶϣüšľСۣԼߣⶼδڵȻĹͻȥǣ˺͸ңڱֻһ
ڻظ֮ʱΪżڵԺǻһֱδˣǼԶߵȥǰղŴ¥صĹǹﻹ˯ȻҲδ˽
žԶһݣ¥һǧһģݲؽĹĸþԶۣһ죬ľȻ˵жʯԭݺľȴ뾸Զܶľƫˣʺڰס
ЩСȡôٹ˵Ůӣһͻңͬο˻ҵļƻȥҲûк³ػδüģԶѰľԺӡ
ʰ̯ӵĻ̧́°ͣȫʬʵ㰲Ѱط˶ϡ
ľţӣҲ֣֪㣿
ֲ֪ʲôľ޹˭֪һ˯ѾҪլ
𣿡
ڵĻÿ죬ľҡҡͷҷӦ죬һѾͽƿˣûҵ󡣡
Цһȴɿ֣˹̫ʦһ㵹ͦ⡣
ġľ䣬ʣѰʲô
ľһӵˣϯɫʮѿ
ľȻ쳣δֻľϲǳʱܳѩȽ̫㲻䡣
Ϊܲɫ٣ȴת˱Ůˡ
ڼЩק֣Ժټ̲סüΪν£
㸮Խ࣬ǱԽɾ裬Ȼûвյĵľͬ
һжЩۡЦ˼ȫ
Ϊȫ֣ľһʱпܻµ£ʮֲˬڲл䳰ȷľҲүǾҶ£ұ㲻ˣүԼ鰸ǡգͷҲص߳Ժӡ
ٱ˦ɫһ˲ַεҡҡͷô֪˾ҪƢˣҲǺ¡
̾˿ڷԸͿȥɫ谵ͷϣǿ·ˤ                        
лҪ˵˳ˣ᲻Ű
бŰŰ



һ, ЩԭŰͽڵҲա
ľҲͬ˳ܣֻܶÿ, ڸϣȴҲľӰ
ľվֻԼСԺУԷҲ˻
ѰʱľҲšڸ, ¹ձ, Ҳһǰȥ
ﰲΣŲ鲻Ըһ䣬˭
ʦ, ҲǶ˵ɡ
ľĥĥشһŷ죬¶Ų˵ڵʱЩǳ𣬵ŶһӦ¡
Ρ¸أһ鲼£ȴ˸˵λλλȨصѧ, 븵ʱ, ˽ԽΪϵĵ
鵭ֻһĽˣ򡸵ǰ˱, ΪϼŲҡ
ľȴҹͬʿһȥ׽ľʦ, ΡʦŮֱ޸˲븵븵ĹȫȻ֪
οǵڽύ
գľһͬ硣
ľڵ֣Χ売֮λὫݻĵط԰ԷǷƷ
Ρһڼѧӭڣв֮ǰڸ˵ˣľĴֻûĹҲñȥ˺ÿٱ֪κ˾ԶþԶĿ¶ܲͳһ
԰гмβͨӵĽľھԶ˵ڵĽι˼Ҳһü۵Ķͨ
ϲ⼸𣿡ΡƺȻЦʡ
ľĿԽƵΡϡ
ݣ˳̧ҶûʸľԾԶĳ輧ǰ輧˵ҲǸϲ̨ңоԶƫ裬˴Ʋľ
˵ΡĶӦϲľΡƿһͰڿԼŮһ㣬Щˡ
ľδӻ΢΢ƫƫͷۣᣬϲջģֻơ
ΡƱҫ⼸β֮ףߣ˵ˡ
ƫľ˼һҲ㣬
⻰ѣʧЦأ
ΡƵЩˡȲžԶһŮӶǲɢԺȥԶϵŮӶĿģԶ˾ǾԶ˸˼ôô򣬶Ϊһ輧û˻רһŮӣοǾԶˡЩˡԶ߳輧鲻٣ǳ輧Ҳ̫عԣֻǸµĳ뾸ԶֹǣȴЩӲȻǶ̷ֺһʮ衣
˴ΡƵ磬ΡȴλڡüҲδ̧ľ£ר־ذľң׼ڿüԼλΡʮΡ
Ρ΢ЦλľŽԼק˻ѹҧгݣ㾿ʲô
ûڲµӣԼͬ絹ǱϷˣһ㡣
ڵȷڸ¡ľܣ鲢ãʵڲľƢǱֻܽϡȻ˵̩ΡƵѧΡȻҲܲˡ
䴽Ρ⸱ģˣ
䲻Ըϣϲα֮ͽԱ񻹲˺Լߵӡ
ΡƵ֮ϣ˵ƽ׿þԶΪ輧衣
ľԵôԼˣڲŷ¿磬ڴˣ߶˸λ𻰡ľľűҪһͬ԰з羰ʧˡһΪǴ˴ǡգľߡ
ľһ繵ľľòᣬָֻⶼΣ̲סſڣȥһ룬ȴסδ䣬ȴ棬֡
ľ̻ڴȥĪԼҪϰֻĿȴڶ˽յϡڵֱһȦǽڷľظָܵǵ״ƴŲͬ˵ůбָŲĦġ
˸˼ǣ԰á
ľڼԼںֳأͷ
ڿͻɼ·ȴǾҵҵذ輧ĽɫǰŲŲֻܿӺҪŵԴ
Ҳᵢ¡
̾˿΢΢һƽӣҴˣ㷢Ƣ
СүҲǸľЩؿ
ôϿڼֻЩֻǷڸмҵߣѧϰ裬ĶǣȴҲÿһζܷסǵݺǲǣ
ͬСһ㣬еĶľ
ҵľ븮ʱж˼ȷδ뵽һ㡣ڻ£ѵ۽
ʱ£ѵɣ
򱾺ĽľȢˣףգΨһˣͷϣĸԸ
ľ㶵ͷԭüһ˲͵ͬ繵Ĵůơ
Щյ룬ʱͲΪͼֱľԼ֣֮Ҳ㽫õĽڵ棬Щ˵ڻеͷ˵ѽ
ľƵؿ侲ȳ·ڻûϲϲ޷԰ǰС̫̫Կ
ҲʧΪһ취ľͷڳΪΣ
Щԭ㲻ֻӲܶΡС
ľüǲᣬǿѸˡʲôܣĻ𣿡
Ŀǰ̧̧°ͣһ𣺡֪ˡ
ľĿ⿴ȥиľϵãһֱΡæǰæӦǸϵĹܼҡ
ǹܼҼֻ˸ͳһȭͷľӵݸڣڽӹ˸񣬽űˡǷľ˽ӿʱΪǸ͡
ľеĺӣǲģΡƵĹܼңȴΪ£вթɣ˵ţҪȥӡ
תֽľ˻һЦЦȥٿ
ľ֪ΪιŪ飬ȻԼĿǣΡƵĵҲв㡣ƲƲ죬Ҳֻõͷ
ƲʱȻ˾Զĳ輧϶һϲԾľʧ裬ԭļƻٴΰϣʵǼ檲£ŭ˺ү
䵭ƳһۣˣСӣں塣                        
лҪ˵֪·ˣƫҪһ

һ

ظ, ڱ㽫Ӹľ
вûʲôϡĶֻһĲչ, Եнڵĺۼ滭ľķš
ľҷҲƲߣŲɻؿڡ
Լĳص֡
⿴ŲĹ֡
ڴнӹȷĹʽ֡
ľֳһֽ, ϻķ, ԾҲͷ
ųն׵˾ΡƣԾɲվߡ᲻ͨһ, ǵעķ鲻Ĺˣľñ°ͣü˼
ùְֽѱʳ˳δȫķŲϣû˱ȸΡƲա
ľաŵĸһ, ˡաĸ֣жΡơ
ϸ˵ľŲŲ, ڸǰ˵㣬׼˵
ֽ̧֣ϣҼǵ鷨ʦͼо, ȥһ⣬ϵЩ֡
ûʱֽű˳ľĶͷ, ϡľȴǵ£ʦȷоͼ֡ôһ˵ͼ֡
ĹеĻͳһɽֲ׺ԼֵĲ䡣عʽĹΪоЩ֡
ֻǡʦƮǰЩ˵ݣҲֵ֪Ķȥˡ
ľʱǽŰݷعʵͷϾδܼһȻãϧȥһȦʦֲ֪굽ȥˡ
ǷͼֵȷǸ⣬ٲҲʵ⡣
ľšüϼΡƵİѱΪβֱӸ㣬ҪŪһ֣ûⰸҪʱܽᡣ
ڵ֮ǰЩ֣δء
⻰˵ĺ壬ľЩ˽ϵƸ㿴ˣ
ڽľϵֽ˼ۣʣΡϿпǰף֮˶Щʲôˣ
Ȼ˵ϻˣмǰղȻơľ
Գ˳ǣЦЦ
ľҲ֪ôһЩ飬˹ӣȨû
˹ؽۺõֽ벼һŻľУ֪ɶĶ
ľԲΪʵҡͷ
͸ʱΡƲԼ˶֪вأڿ
ľԴĻȻǽ塣
ҡΡƽ˺ȥαߣ˻룿
֪֪治֪ģȻһѣζͶʲôöľһ˲Ӷ¶ţΡеҲȻᱻ˴⡭Ҳֻǻᱻ⣬Ҳ˶뵽㡣
ٽȥأڶ˶٣Ŀϣ۵Ŀ£Ӧס
ľĽë˲ͼʶˣҥĵӡԶ֪ڱѵӻùǰٵǷ񼫡Ψһǣ࣬ҥʱԽԽ
ųȥЩ޹ʹĳţΡƭҵʵǰЩŵҲᱻɾ޴ı
ľ˵ףҲܽЩԱΡ
ն䲻ΣƣӦ֮ʱɶʱ̣ԭǷֻ뽫ֲȫԼ˰ˡ
ľüֹ
ڵ֪ʲôݱϾǵĵֻ̣ҪиڣԺҪʱ䣬Ҳݾնݳʵ
ԵȷʵĲǽʵʡļƻ˵ֻһ䣬ȴҲ¡ⲻƤһͺõ顣
ľԴ˰ΣͷӦ֪ʦȥдȥʡ

ԡľױ̨ǰΪͷͭеԼԾɲá
үֳˣʡ
ľʳָ˴еָ죬ʲô֣ҳ𣿡
ҲһճΣżӸͰˡ
ľһ°͵ֻЩп㿴дģ˵ģдʽɽҫ⣬޲֮£޹֮񡣵вεǣʹһ֪ҲΪ
ū䲻˸пֻĴϣǺõġ
ľЦЦ˵
ͷɣȥʰľЩƣԳȥߣ·˹
ӦǲųԹϵͻδɾ
һæµȻҲϢˡպò׺үķַ٣Ҳҳȥץȥէһ·ƮһͷɢŮӣľĲǰ£ΪԼˡ

ľ˵ͷӦϵͣĬĬճ극
ǡ
ľ룬ʣҺүأ
Ķȴ˼үδ
ľ㶣ʶüʱôû
үæʱ÷ҲǴšĨĨ죬Ȼ飬翤ȥүͷɡ
ңľָԼıǼգգۣǴţѲɾҴˣ
ǱϾµģ˵ĻүҲͬүҲѵ⿤
˵û֤ݣһǻڱǺү
ҡͷ¾޴⣬ɱŻ¡ֻÿүͷûҪ˼
ľͷ֪ˣҹȥͷ˰ɡ
ֱҪԼĴ۷־Ļٽ֮¿Ҳ벻Ҫֺүүһ·ҲвѴ
Ȼ֪Ѵܹλģ˭ѡҲҪϲˣĥ˻ɴ˳ʵڶˣ
ˣΪ⡣
ľ㣬򵥵ǻһ㣬ʮʱˣ
ǡͷԡ
ǡôˣôҲȢ˰ûУ̧ҲǿԵİɣ˶ûУǲǡľŹȻ۾ͷһֱûۣ
ЩԼǺţǿүӺõúܣԭԼˡ
үʮϮоλĵһ±ǽʱĲĸѺΣѶԼն˸ɱ⡣֮飬ҲֻȨ߲Ը⽫ŮĿĲԵĹ֮ΨֲҲĴүԼҺүҲң˵Լᡣ
ľۼһ˶޳ˣִ̧סȱޣǺү֪㽫⸱ٿҲ١



һȦȥѰЩ, ľʳȥڡ
Ρϼ޻ץİѱףΪͷ, ΪǹͷҲδ̧䵭˵
澲һ˲, ľŴ, ˵ʲô
üһɣü䴨ҲԾǳһ㣬ɡ
ľõ, ʳƿŽȥ
ãȻ»ģ鰸ϹĶѵ鰸֮뵣ʳָ̫Ѩ, Цſôˣ
˵Сүû, СүûϿӣ͵òʧˡľ˳Ҳһںá
ʱҲֻ֣߹ȥ, нӹϣЩȥá
ľջ֣˵㴦ʱ˽
⻰˵Ĳ, ƫͷ۵һƬ̹̹̹ľһԷޣɷæΪ׼˳ʳ
ڵ˰Ѿŵ㹻ʱˡ
лͷǰ
ľǾֹĸζ˹÷δͷʲôӦ
֮ͷӦòʲô°ɣѲĻ죬˲Ż룿
ľھᣬѾùڿϵľŻع񣬿ֻ˼ڵĲˣɻĿӲ˵ƵϣôԵô٣
ӦθԲ̫ࡣƵĸһͣ
⻰ľһ̲סʣ𣿡
һС°ˡڼüԭҪ˵ĸЩա
ˣ۵ĻԼ
ľʱ岻ã׽ú˵һССӡ
óЩθ鰸ǰ£ľԲġ
ʧЦѰһӹļ£Ѱһſ顣Ȱٺרڿġ
ľܾﲻԾҳʶȥͺãΪҪ
մ˵һǣ̧ͷüģֲ
˭˵ģǺÿľüۿ򥣬ֻ˳ϲԼɫҲԿ̫ѶԸЩ
ľüβһǰ㣬һ˫ִϣڣīɣ
Ѿ궼ЩɢˣػضıԼҲͬܡһ̧ۣľЩͰˣǵһ͡
ءĶͷ˻ȥ
ľץ£ץָһ˫ˮģīеļãġ׳԰׺ôãҪЩǰɣ˵ţСָָ˻Ρ
ֲɵڸ֮İٶЩЩ鸣ͨںȶ˽ԿࡣϻǸ͸ףڴǲͬġ
İȴԸǨš
ʶؾڲϲԼ䲻֪ǲǶطɵϲܹЩøС
ڿ˫Ź۾м߻δգ㵹Ƿˡ
ľСָ͵ɡ
̾˿С
һʱֻīֽŷ
ľīأЦЦڳĴġ
ỺµΣں飬üǿľ֪Ǽʱīˣſ˯ˡ
˯ŵģʵڹɣü۸ɾѵõŵҲɰ
ľ͵ͽһƹм繡
˯ѹҲδ
ԽľĲ࣬Ǽⷺź졣˱齡Ьº󣬲ŽΪϡ

ľһ˯ú˸ֱűӷ˸һƺŵʲô
ڲڴ£ֻèƵһ˲ͽŵϡ
ץסΪĽţľѣ˫۳㵵ؿڡ
ɫƽ֪Լ˳ٹٶ¡
ľЦ̽˻ǰӸ
ҵ治ǹģԲסԲסľǸƳ𴦡
鰸ϵȻȼľǵҹһ֧򡣡ڣ㲻ᴦһû˯ɣ
ү̽ȥ̽ϢҴҽݣһƿţͼǺүڴϣںүߣ˽ںүС
ľһ㶣ľӦѹϵý˸ס
¸۾˳ȥϹϡ
Ǻү𣿴׶ûе췹ֻһϡΪӻʮʮǲЩ˵ȥˡ
ˣľ̽ˣӣŵʲôɣ
ڲſ䣬βӵľ֮ǰδأڣԼͲˡ
ľʶԼĶŹֽۣŲôȥЬͷҲصܳȥ
űľķβĲΣ̧ס۾Ц

̽ӴϢʱ洺磬ڿݣҲδ̧Цʲô֪ĻΪȢϱ
ЦϡΪүֻĳ˺
ˣ£һࡣ
ˡΡƽ֮ʵЩкȥŮõĸֹԱҲΡҲãܼҵСŮҲδ⡣
һɷǣլʺ񡣡Цһֽһţ鴫ȥԽԽá
ȥ죬ֽ˽סЩӵݣ취Ȼܺߣٱָָһӡ
ǡתҪߣֱס
ڱ޷ڷ֮²⴫
⣬Ǵȥү˳ӭȢ𣿡ԺүӦǺ²Ŷԡ
ǡڲ͵ľϾδĹԴӣȻްľȴҪ˵лΪĿģ䲻ڲֶΣľɸɾľ۵㡣
պȻ
ľһ˵£ͷһȥѰڡ
ǰڲĻ̧۱ľͷŭ߹һ֧Ӹ
ľΡƻǲ֣һα֮ˣһ˲Ҫ˲˼һðܲܲú
ܣӵľ֣£ô
ľˣһԵؼľͷڵĿĶϣ治ɫط˶
лҪ˵Сүľ֪ϲҲϲ㣬ϣررϲҲУˣȱ׵Ǹ
Сүľ˭ȸ˭ǹ
Ȼһֻ˭裬ֻŮö



ľһЩ, ڲŵõĺѱתƳڰȫĵطҪȥһ
ֱղŷųϢ, ΪΡƻδ֮ǰõĺӰų
ľšüͷ
ڰŵԺӲһȺסЩӵľһȺߵСЩǱܼҴӸ͵͵ȳģδ֪ԼʲôȻ֪¡
Ժﻹбչ˺ӵӣһӿ, Ǻ˰, æЩӵͲˡ
һȺΧˮйͨľǼһ, һͷˮ
ˣðǸ̰۵¾ˣǸɱǧĺүûְɣӹ˵ʱЦͰףʱ, ȴʲôĶ˵һֶ
ľ
ע⵽ľ, ʹˣλ˭
̴Ⱥмչ, źһҡ
һȺӻȻ򣬴Ȱĳ, Ҳк˵ġ
ӵϧٵĶ̰٣㿴Щү̫ضʲôرǸݵղү˵ǲ鰸ҿ̰˻õģǲ󲻾ѡ
ľüͷšԽע⵽ɫչôˣӲ
æͣұᣬչΡƵ£ߣԽһնˡ
˱ʾ⣬οƵΡƺ̰٣δıľԶҲ䲻ú
ľһߣͣү⣬˱¶Щֻ졣
ľ˵ͷסЩۣȳȥˡ
͵ӿˣȴֻ͹ȥһ
ıѾ֮ȴڲԡ֮ȴҪ֮ڲԨǰС֪߶԰ۣĹΣú
ǹɡ
ľĬƿڰС۷һ飬̧ͷǣ𴽽ǣһɢЦôص˿죿
Ҿһ̫ˣ㡣ľƵߡ
ڲߣ鷴Сϣָ˵ĶͷڵǹֿģΪɡ
ľбһۣĵûͬ죬֪ľԼΪ
ˣȥΡƸ֡

ΡƸǰҶ̫عıڴϽֲ¡
Χ۵˽ΧˮйͨԶҡŷ׷óһ
һ·ͨſڣͬľ̫عӱӭүչ
֪Զߵľó裬˭ľһչ
˶ӣľһɴݵϳǣ·̽Ŀ⵲ȥ롣
üôδã
⡭ϾǳҲö̫֡عΪѵʵΡǵİѱҲóȻǽ˱Ƽˣٽǵ¹֮ڣȻĽ
ö֣ڳ˳ǣѾ˱£ҪסΡƣҲס㡣
⻰̫عԥˣȴЩͷһȺԽȥš
̫عȻҵ飬ñſڵļҶϿٳһñڽȥ
һ·ȥӰδһӵӣĶ㡣ľߣ·԰ʱ԰Ļѱξӣɻôôӣ
ñϸŵΡƽСŪ˻԰
䣬Զ俴һۡ
ľüθвʣקקڵӣ߿ɡ
ߵΡڵԺźԶΡŭ˭ңұȻĲͽ
ͷˣԼ£ھѰ˭ԼľҶΪʦĸֶùֿЦ
ϵľ񻹲Ц߽ȥ
ΡƼھһǰסڵ֣ȴڲܹ֣ɲ˭
ľʶؿűǣŵ֡
ΡƵֽڰգһ˲̵үһҪȾϷϷֻǱ˳ˡ
ֻǱ˳ˣ΢۽仰ظһ顣
˵زΡԲԼдҲ֪ĿЦͷҪˣһһϷ
ľѾ֪ܵŭ죬ȴһδԣְЦһΪҪ㣿
⻰ʵΡһ㶡ѧڶ࣬ͷѱȫȻܹߡǲ򡸵֮ҲƿڴϰһԲϸΪ¡ǰĲѧҲûİѱ
Ը̫ãݰţ߸̣ǰ˼ᣬҲǱNλȨصĳӡ
ָ̧̧ʾڵȫȥ
ŹؽڲŵĪǽѧ̫Уǿһ̡
ֱߵΡƳλǰȴְٰһһ¡
ľֹڴΡƵΡɫѿ֮ʱľҲſһۣҡڵӿյү࣬žͰۣ˰ɣ־֣˰־ռط־һɳζˡ
ÿɴΡƿ׾ӵݼõѪ
һб¡ЦҲϵصͷණȷδöס
éɣ˵ЩίéˣҲֻܽˡľתͷЦеؿΡƣ˵ǰɣ
ﻰ֮ԣΡٿ߱ǰ׳֣͡ݹǵָָľɽҲֱǡģ
ľԱߴһָڡ֣ľ̹Ȼװ֪Ϊÿض£ƫƫܾӲҲġ
˰صСΡƲδע⣬ֻȲδڷԶλȨز٣ϾֻǸˣһëͷСܶùοݵؽ磬ǿѹͷߡڴһʼƭˣΪԼǱȴǴ
˵ʲô˻öڿǽǡ
˳ȥʱܼҲδųȥǽǡΡƵעϣδܼһڡ
ܼΡƵľ֪飬ƹܼҵɫ֪˿϶һġ
һľһ۱Ƽܼеذס
ذȡΡƲʲô飬ߵһŲ㡭㻹ǼǼ¡
ūܼҸ߾ذף̴¶ֱ
һŮŮˣôӣ𣿡ΡʶĹܼҶɱģײײˡ
ۼҪײľľԼ³Ρܼҵĳζŭգ̧˹ȥͬʱһק
ߵˣǸңһϹͷ߿Ǽ򵥣ֻԼҲˤˣ˵ˤڻ
ľתͷ͵һۣҲرۡ
ϳЩС
һǡΡӭذ׵ĵ⣬ټڣš˵Ǽ򣬲δ˼Ҫ
ܼҰγذٴ̣ΡȻ̧ɤӣХ̶ִҰ£ɱңΪ㻹ܻ𣡡
ܼľȻزذףұûСŮʱǡñΪܼңȫҽԾǸǣٰ谮ȴǱһªĲϯס˲Ƶӣδʼʲݽ
ˣҪ졣ڲ³飬׼ľ롣
ΡʱΡƺȻһ£ڣΪԼʲôöнգձ㣡㶨Ȼú
Ѿö˼룬ŲҲδͣľȴȻ½ŲתͷΡƣ᲻úᣬ᳤ꡣ
ڶıӰãͷǣһĨЦ

պľʰʱ˵ҵΡƵʬ塣Ǹƹ˾Ѱضʱֵģ˲ŷԼһʬϣŵòᡣ˵ΡϺüˣڣſǽߵĳˮȥӡ
ڹܼң԰ĿŵĻΡƵĶӣҲȥӡ
ľ˵ͷڹܼǰַӵϸȫˡڽִµˣȥƣŮ˳ū
ΡƵͷûΡƵѧһһĳ£һ׮׮⴫ԭŽĸҲʼ¼ɣɱ
˻ɾԶϾʼգԶǾʲô
ľյţعľ̫չ鲻ףݷùعʺģ˴ǡ
ʱȴڵͣڸ⣬ƼЦ
ľ߹ȥڵĳڣӿ
ҪȥĶ

ľ⣬ȥʲô
ȻҪ졣治ɫشܸľ˵ҲȥȻܡ
ľŶһȥ
ε治ҪڣżȻˡ                        
лҪ˵ʵϴҲʲôΪĹ⣬żȻȻˣСүĿΪ֮ɡ



֮, ˷һѡˮ·
µĴͷʱȻͣ£ľԭڴβ, Ŵ̽ȥ£һȺģ˰żľ˴
ľº棬˴뿴ڣһ˵Ż, ͣ
ǹ˳ڵĿһͬľ, ˶٣ܿ쳯һĵЦ
ﲻܺÿֻܽ, һɫװЦ׽
үǽݲؽ𣿡٩ڣĿȴһֱľϡ
ƺڸľﵹԵЩˡգգۣҪ˵ұ㲻ˡ˵, ǵͷʾ뿪
̧ţͽס, ûҪ˵ֻźүҪȥ ҲҪҺүѰ, һ̡
һ򲻰£ľʶôãԼ, Ҳû˭й㣬յǸ˷㡣
λڶԲһ㡣
Ȼ;鲻̫ˬʱɫҲ̫á黨ǲݣ仨ڴأֹش˶仨ϴѲɻһ٣ĵͦġ
ȭڴһλ϶֮һˮ·϶ﻤ˵꣬ЦЦؿ
ľװûʳָ˲Ǽ⣬ͬҽľǡ
û˵꣬Ѿȵǰ˫ִϡñЩȴϸүĽʲôеöǽЩ֪ǽүһͬ˵ˡɰϲ
ŶѲĶûݣ
ԡ
ľԴԽļڡһͽݸ˱ĹôûһҪϴأ
ûȵڵĻش𣬼ҲԴľڵ߽ϲҴ໰һ𿴰ɣ
ľٶ۵ذһЩмܲסĹžܾȴȵͷ۾һŤͷкԼˣ콫ҵĻȥ
ľԭڴϵ⼸ռӰѾڵĹϵ׽Щƻչϲϱ仯˭ҲûϵȻڴϴĹ￴˼޵Ļ
ôȴĻԣԷࡣڳԷʱήң˫۷죬üڣľͬұ֤Ǹý֣ƭң󶼲ˡ
һͷغء
ľŷĵҲΪһϵᡣ˵գݲݳڷ¿ӣҽձꡣ
ЩûƱ顣
ôҲû뵽ػδðһľҹߵ˵úóԷҲú˯ȥԷ⣬һ涼ѡ
֪ˣΪи㣬Ҳüϴ
ľڿһ²ۣ䣬վ˴󽫾߸迭½磬ȢϵĹʱΪֹﻶģϷӣҹϷ
һ߰ӣ˻˳ָһ룬Σ
ǧдãһá
ЦһڴЦһһˣôͺүһ𣿡
ҲҪȥүһˡ
һΪҲ׷źүءһ
ͱ˼ľεؼٿһȴ׼ȷץס˼Ĺؼ˭һ·׷źү𣿡
ҵ϶һμү׷ĹѾˣߵûȻʲôȻһӣսЩȻģ֪ϲʶʵĻҵһμү֮лȥġ
뿪ãľǿˣڽʻиֻΪһչЦյһĻ

ѿľָֻ̬ɳʶʱӣܿͳôһҴʮа˴ζܹܲһһү޻
ľӿ鲻ãٸľ֪ľûķֻΪԼˡ
Ĵ٣Ϊһ̬
ӵｻعʵŴͣعסĿջعȥӰ䡣
عסļ䷿ľҲҪ䷿
ͬһ˿ջüס
ľͷҲδأȻĶ
ŵҿջŵҲɾҲҪһ䷿
Ҫƣľ¥ڶӰֱʧ¥ݴϷ
Ǯҡҡͷǰ˴ɨõլòˡ
˵Ҳڿջס£ľδ˵ʲôһعʵķ䣬һڵķ䣬ס档ٺľ¥÷üҲ¥ƴһ
ҲȥӰ俴ɡߥ
ľ棬ӰʲôطٳţԸصľ²˽⡣
Ӱһ澰ͨɽ죬ȴж졣˵˽ɽɿλɾÿ֮ԲͬȻҲֻ˵֪ǲǵ档
ľҧſ˼᲻Ϊɽ»õĻݣʹ˳ֻþɳĮеĺ¥һࣿ˶٣һ࣬»õֲ辡Թܽʲô¶ˡ
գգۣգգۣã̾Ϣ֮£ôɷ羰
ľڨڨ¿ӣǡƳһĨɫۣɫһ䣬ҳԺˡ
һֱڣҲ֮󼪣ȴٷŹץʱһͣΪץСۡ
ŽסڻδſڣջźȻ˽

ԭһСӱ˴
ߵڣֿұߵغƣٿŵعʣ뼪һۡľЩ
ֺӳǽץеĴ
û뵽Ҳԭ˸Ӵŵơ
˵ֻе⽣ӰҷɡľŲӣΣأôˣ
䣬ӺȻһ
ּ鰸û뵽ôܼ㡣Ц
ôҲˣľƣ꿴ŵǱȴǰࡣ
Ҹ참ƾн
ľզ࣬˽
δͨߪԣֻ㵽˵ǰ㽫һͬˡؽ͵
ŶľͷһʱҲĵĻ⡣ǰ̥
εķΧУΨм˿δӰ죬Ա󣬺ľȵ񣬷¥
ҲȥǮˡ
ˡһֱƵںȻڣȥˡ
˷ԸҪߣֱؽס΢Цľһ·鷳үչˣٷҲǡ
鷳ڵɫ䡣
ľ߿ЩС㻹ɣǰǮˡ
лҪ˵СүĮչԼķӦõ
عʣƵȳԹȺڣһ֦ӳǽ

ս

뿪̫, ľǹ뼸ڵ棬ӲͷƤشĽ
ĵһж, ֪ľֻˣλҲ׼ٸľ࿴ҡ
ǸǲġľΡ
Ų崺״ʣ˵뾸Զһݶһʱ䣿
һݵľٰ֪ڵĳ輧һȴɸˡ鴫ȥˣǶԼǶڶʲô¡
Ľ޷, һ;Զ˵ж, ޸ڡڹ˽ǰ߶ľ뿴ľ档Ǻߣ֮ǰľԸ, ȴҪǿˡ
һʼʶغһؼڵݣȢ檣ԺʵǱزٵġѵ۵Σһˣ֮бȫһѶȵ¡Ҫάϵ
ͬѵۣѵ۵Ҳֻйһ, Ϊһˣѵۿѹ, ѵûк֮ǵġʹ󹬿飬ѵ˳ӣ۳η飬ѵ۵ĵλҲϲ򲻳ʵ󹬶ܵвھ±, Ҫڵ䡣ȻѲµﲻ£ľϣԼķû, ھԶĿǷΧڡ
˾Ϻľ˵ͷǣҵǰʦסݵһʱ䣬Ӹʦұˡ
˵ʱͷװ崺ӣؿı飬ƽɻѹȥľ뾸ԶȻЩУزģ䣬뿪ʱݰ鵯ԶѾ͵˱ٹҳһࡣвʣϾǻף뾸ԶԶһЩΪá
סľ˸Ƿ۾ûʲôˣ⼸ڴϢĲãȥ˯һ
ɫãȷʮƣȥϢɣӲҡ
ľ۾ͷܾطĽ飬Լһ˻˷
ڵķǰʱǡô򿪡ľʶ̧ͷĿԡ
үľ㶣΢һͷʹߡ
ڽס
ɫƽӦҲܵһ¹Ŀǣ֮ǰݵõŻŷŵĲһȻѧּŲһȥɡ
ѻ˵õˮ©ľҲɾܾοȷʵҲԲϵݺ棬ԥһ˲ͷ
ǡعʵӾľĸڡعڷ֣ľٵ̲סԼʦʦӵˣôġӵ֣
عʰһۣСﶮʲôȡ侫ȥɡ
ŶľȻ򣬡ԭӵֶǾ
ִƵһģһ
ľ鷨Ȼ̵ģˣƤӣعʸȲϣҲڣүѰкιɣЩƲ٣عҲë˶ԴСųؿһ㣬ԱĹԱôӡ
Ҳδ⣬ŷŵֽعʣͼоǰżȻõЩţ֪֪дʲô
عʽӹֽţһ£ǡϸһ֡
ϸЩ죬ľҧűأһʱ벻Ķϣعʼֽϵֲ©̫࣬Ҫ֪дʲôЩѣἰĵ֮࣬ϸҲ
ľһĶϸˣǰڸϽĵϸһ١
ʦ˵ϸһָĵϸϣľʡ
ǣϸһҲǰˣδ֮ǰĸ壬֮иԵ֣ײϣͻعʵ
дֿʲôõϢܿ϶ΡӦôϵϵΡ򡡢ϵܣϸ룬ڲ򡻹δ̨֮ʱѾ˽ͨġģʮҲĵһߡ
ľʶؿڣȻҲ뵽һüͷ
عʵķ˵ķ䰤һߵľķǰ˲Լͬͣ¡
ľһַŰ壬Ѿſһ죬룬ǵҿǿ鲼ӲԶԼĶǱ߹Ҫ䲻ֽ̣ϼȻѾᵽΣҾúүǾ罫¸߻֣ҵĲ²Ƿ׼ȷǰǺһЩ
˵û̽Ļһŵ⣬ɻ߱
ľһ£ûһϣŴˡһЩ⣬Ҳֻһ˲ЦеؿľүҪ̸
ûСľҡͷ
Ǳãһ˷ܵسľ֣еĻ˦Ļ죬һòʵеƼ㣬Ȿûһᱧġ
ʵÿظ»Ƕװ˾Ųʮ˵ǣÿҲȷʵġ
Ȼ֣ľ̴ùģСƵ͵Դ̧ͷڣү񷱶࣬Щȥæɡ
˵仰ҲûʲôӦֻǿƺ˼һЩʲô
ϵĿ̫ԺӣľЩֵסִٵشӼҲڴкһͷķ
ľʤרģ𻰱ܿڵ£ǰһ޲Žꡣڶ¥緹ʱŲ鸡ģ۾·£ӱذǷ
ؾĶ棬ɫ԰ףĵľɫôô˵ţȥ̽ͷľӻЩ磬ȴʶƫͷܿȻŤͷǲڸˡ
һŤͷͿĲԱߣȴûŻ緹ⶼδһ㡣
ľĪЩʧ䣬ʱסͷؽڰյ֣Цû£ҹδ˯á
عʻڳ֪ͨȻҵ
Ҳµջ֣Բĵضҽ£ӦòʵڲǵòҪǿţһҪ򡣡
ľųصԴصͷˡ
ůͣ࣬ѵһ̫ľƣĺܣȴûʲô˯⣬ڿջԺ쾮ɹ̫
Ժʱľſʯ˯ˡ
ү뿤Ĺϵʮ΢ٳٶҲ˴ԼЩìܡȻΪΣżȻүˣҲᡣ
ڿǰҲԼĽ˵
üһֵط˯ˣаհ
Ӳ˵ֻǰѽøЩ
ںȻƳһۣŪȥ
ǡΨֶЩ˺үŭ̷½׼ľ¥
δ½ǣֵϾǿĴǣ˺Լš
ŵù̽˻СؿڣǸôͿط
ֻбЩԱȥ
˵գ̽̽ľĶͷȷûзպһסľµֱۣ佫˱תջߡ                        
лҪ˵΢Цʲô˰ɡ
˶˯ˣ뱧ͱҪֱŤԼҸ

ɾ

æŽİ, عʽղμʫᣬˮҲľʵ, 緹ʱСһӰ䣬̶ȥɽ
ȵɽ£ͷСķ⣬ľˡ
ӰȴҲһȥһƬ, ֻһϪӹշתͨϷ嶥·, ȴ˲ȳ·
˼վɽţޱͷɽͬ, ˵ӰɾɾֻΪԵ˿˲ƻԵһֱδ̨̹ס
ӰԵ
ùʱľŤͷͿڵҡ̫ģڵųĶ, ο
ҪȥߵǱؾ֮·, ľѸȨһ£ѡһ߹ȥ
ӰԵ
һǸˬӣˣ˼Խ, ԽԽԥռδȻ֣ԭͬ˵˻, Ź··ɻûˣľԽҼڡ
·Ӳݲ١ѡ·ߣԽԽխľһ辣һߴŲݣͣͣҲߵ˰ɽ
˾·ˡǰĲݴԽߡľ辣Ӿɾʯͷ
û뵽Ķǽǡ
ܵӲаߣ˴һ¾ܽ˵ʵʵ
ʮಽ⣬˵شľС
ȷԶߵ·
Ϥ֣ľϸ
Ƶϸأҷɽ·Ͼͼˡ
ûУֳὫҩھԶ·ϣҩЧɽʱ͸÷ˣɽţ³֮Ǻˡ
ȻиЩϸ㻹
˾ˣ¶ˣһҶˡ
ԭҲûⲻԼģƼԶų˺ˣ¸ůȽͨĸҹӻ㡣иĸƾӹ󣿡
⺢ҲǹּЩ
˭֪ﴧļҵҰ֣Լ㣬֪ˣΪ˾˵ȻЩ
һ˵֮ǼǲųԷ죬ƾҵżңҲҲҼˡ
вãǹû
Ǹ˾̴ȥ·ţ˾Զ˭ҲϲӰɾԵ֡
ľԼˡҵĹԼǲδУұҸֵġҲ׼ɽ϶ĸĸʱȫ˵ɾٳɵԵ֪Ļ̵˵
ǵĻǵһ顣
ԭ˴ģƫƫڣһƱġڰӣҲ֪һǵӴȱĴ
һҷͷɽɽľųϥǴʯͷ
⴦ߣ˴Ҳûϵڳеļƻƫʶڡ
ľһ¸ɽǸɽɽĶȻǷˣǹֳҲɽ¡ˣȷӦ
Ȼɽ϶һŮˣǹӦҲûڡҪѡԸ˻һǻȥʰɡ
ľ̾˿ɽߡ
ߵ·µĺۼǳľ̵ϸѰ֪Χľɫһ
ԭȿӦһػɵȴֻ͵Ĳݡ
ľһ£ǰɫòͬȻһƬ֡
ľüɽδ۵ĻɽһӦû֡ЩȻðǴӺζ
΢ľ˲²⣬ԭ·վԭĵطƬٿȻʧ˼ԭһػֳԭء
ЩˡɾҲûôӦǲ֪Եʣ˲ĳֻþνÿɫԲͬԼΪλòͬԼµططģǻþ
ľЦһӰȻ֮Ĺ񹤣νɾԵ޷˼ڴˡ
˽ϣڴˣҲ˽֮Ϊ
ɽʱľ°Ҳľ˼ӡ
°ڶľͬһĹĿԣ˼¶һº͵Ц
Ȼ֣ܲľȴŹɰֵһЦ˭ҲܽͬĽһ顣
ǹſ˵ľȻЦеس֡ľСԼ飬һڿˮСسľ
ľһδֶŹһֵ
ֲʹľýסֻţŹﵹʱһЩ˸еĺӡ
һУľж˾ʯͷһ
ıԤҪ졣
ɽʱڲžЩԡ··ǣܿ㷴ӦԼ˸ҩϸ룬ȴЩհס
Щ͵س˳죬֧Ųסڵϡ
ǰԼڵ񣬽ðİʯϺݺһѹʹвŵһЩ
ˣ
ľͿڣԭûУһ̻ס
ԼҲݡľѪƣֱüͷ
Ȼʹֻά˶ݵѡԼľ˵Щʲôȴܱ
ľԥŸò÷վǱģһ֣㱻һס뻳С
򡭡ľһ̴ܰȫЩ侲Щҩ֪֪
ĵѪɫȾ
һ˫
ӦľȻڻС
ȣܵÿһ缡ϣŴصĴϢ
ľֻ֫ٺ׷ײȴֻ֡
ڡϢ䣬ɤӻֱĴ̾һҲֻҵĻþвŻҡ˵գĴ
ľЩʧô˿أݵѪʮָۡ
գգۣʼɬػӦڷ·õ˼Ĺ裬䣬ָѾ⿪ϵĽᡣ
ľоȡ
ͷ֣֪ǻþԾһ˿ľȢòã
Ӧǻӵǡ
ľק
ľֱ뿪ϵɣѹϣ˽˼
Ѿ̽ϸƤ
ľһƿ
ɽȪۣˮɽ                        
лҪ˵⼼Ưƣɲȣ

ͬ׹

ںЩ𣿡ľ΢£, ȥϵˮΡ
˾ͽľȪˮ֮Уڻʪ͸ҧг, Ҫˡ
ǱѵһľԭЩھΣʱҲֻ̿ЦҾ㣬ѵл𣿡
л㣿Цһ, ˾ͽľ, 
ľһͷˮŲ鲽߹ȥˮ, ͷʲô
󾱱һ΢Щ̹ǵˮ˳ź󾱻졣ľЩͣĿ㶵´
ڽǿ˿ĳݹأԳأҲ
ľʱɴ˫ۡˮô, ڻûѣ
ʶˣȴȦס, ˿á
ݽ˴˺ţڵһ˫΢ȫǹ, Ҳȫ
ľЩӵн벻Ȼء¶棬ɿڽëϻˮ, ľȻһĪļ¶
Ĺ˳ȡڣԭ·ֻշתĴĥ
һֹĴǡ
ʳָĦľͷ֡һ˰ˮߣһվˮУڶĬá
ľգۣڵק۾򻹱ڴʯͷϵĹ˫糺죬㣬ȣɣ㱻ҩǼ˾͸ˡ
ڿϵĺΣ˹Ӱߵˮг
ҩҩԲͣں̶ݹһ⣬ҩ仹δǿܹơ
ľ·ãȫʪ͸ˣܷ纮ȴҲ·¡ѡ˸岽Զĵطվţʣôû
ͶһӰ룬ûιڡ
ɫƽ·Ըȥ졣
֪ľջӰ䡣ֻԼħľšӰͨɽ֮·ѡ̤ͬһ·˼١ľԵ֣ҲΨвֶ
ЩѵľʱȻԸߡ
شľ˿ûлɡŻڻԵĹŬŬ죬ô죿Լ͵һһʮظڣǡñھǺˡ
ͼ̫ԣڵƳһۣ˳ǣõźŵ˳ȥ
ʱɽ˳㽫ǹͬҲһץˡ
صջʱδľֻȥӰ䣬ûдͬȥԼδϼص磬ԼҲȥˡ
ÿջưæˮԡľһ·ʪ͸ŻԥǾȥ
ԴϴŲĿδ·ӣľѧˣǰһš
ŵڡ
ľοкգۼ㱻Žݡһأѹϡ
ҩЧѲɻûۼԽԽľһҧһᣬƫͷڣ˾ͱҶ
ڱûͷûԵһ仰ֵЩЦãҧгݵˣֻǣ˾ͽľ͵սá
Լ˵ɣΪһң
ûСľʶϡ
Ц˾ͽľǵݼͬдûʲôҪһʵôôѣ
ľ۲˵ڸŶͷε㾿ʲô
¸ߣǰҲΨеͷķݡ
ڣԼȢһʲôĹ𣿡ľ
ǰδ㡣ڴһ仰ľõĸϤס
ΣһģĲýԻ׷ѡ
նЩʲôɫؽҧһһ٣㵣ǵĶӦÿǵ飬ֻԼģеĲ׵ȫ֮ǣҲ̸ɽˡ
ľЩɵ㶵ؿͷ۵̾˿һ¡
ܵί𣿡
ھĬΡ
ľȻƲ죬ôﻹҪί
ܱʾǼģȻáαȴڲУѰŸ˵Ĺ⣬Ϊ˸Ը׹ڰ
ľȴܺԼֻԨȻڲ£ҲûʲôٿԥĹ⣬һȥԨҲһߡ
һӣΣ
ľ룬ûܲίģ
УԺΪƸȢҵĺˡ
⳾֮УҪĶ࣬ǰֻҪɽһ˾ͽľ
䣬Ȼţүҩ˸δã
û°µģҲֻйˡľ̿شڵֱۣʾڵɫҪīһľš
ʲôëôȻϲˡ
ĽŲԶľǻ˵ĻӦòǳˣɾ֮޳֮£㲻ܹܣ
ܣĿĴɣľҪתƻ⣬ڵǿ˳Ǳȥ
ץ˶ڿջĲԶҪãƹҲҹʣڶ֪ԼĲصʲôˡ
ؿջʱľ˳һиеĹҪ̫³ν³Ǹ˼Ųϯ
ߵſھѾòУ˵ʲôҲϽȥľֻȥָһͷںܳһףȻڷס֣ȻüͷǱľŽ˲񷿡
ΧĿȫ̵ĹܾԼʲô
һһľ˽⼸˵ĹϵһǾ˾ˣ֣ǹھ˾˼ҡ
ľǣλ˾˱㿪ʼأүдСİɡСҲͶ·ų²ߣ
ԣֻһͨũңԭסȥԶݣ´꣬ׯճɲãȴ˰̧Щǽ˰Ҫʱ˼סھ˾˼еãҲ˺¡ʵڹȥܵ
̫ľʶʷѧʱľʷˣΪ˵ʷѧͬʷԸƣΪǹŰЩ˵Ϊգľš
תͷڣڵɫȴЩŹ֡üͷ֣ľߵߺǣ֣ԸȽȥš˵Ҳδģľ뿪񷿡
˻˷ľŹϣʳָȥڣʲô
㻹ǵõĻһ
ľȻǵãǰű̽һɸžڻظ·Ϊ˾ˡ
ʱѶ̿ʱ̷̣ұ뿪ߵŷ֣Ǵ̿͵ˣǺݣҲֻǶӡ
ôģľЩӻɣٵˣǳ͢٣λءһ͢ȴ룬ϸϸʵڲò˵ǡ                        
лҪ˵쿨ģ



ȵӹ, 鳼ѱҰԳ֮ơԱN, ̽ӣᵳѵۼλһֱڼ飬޷塣֮£˭Ҳ֪صʲô
ϳвΪ壬ֻѾ߾NŴǰĺȹһۻһ, N֮սԱ, ս֮ǰҪİڱN˰γɾ
ֹΡơϺ꣬ΡƸز¶, ĵΡƵĹܼҲ֪֮١
һѱҲֻܽϴһ顣
һֱЩ͢ԱĵĹıϾǱNǣƤӵ£ҲܽӵĹԱοϮڳйԱ粼ߣ֮硣
⼸̵, ˽⼸˽ݡ
ݽͨͨ˴ǱN֮ͨ̿һ, ֱܱó߻ʵԶѵĵط
ľһѽߵŷֵָסڻع, ˳ƽУ㼸ʱģ
ľʹذֳ鿪
ðս嵽, תͷ͸ߡĺٶȶûɡ
һӣҪȥһݣҵĲ²ûдȥݻΣգ㲻ȥ
˵գֳ֡
ľ鲻Ըذģѻ˵
ѵ۲Ըľ̫೯ϣǣľȻǸֵǰܰסģʵʵѵ鷳˼飬ǾԼ֪Ķһ㣬һǣҲӦԣ鷳
Ȼʲô˵õĻܣ˵ҲСľǿڡ
û뽫ľɽ˿ȸһĳҰ˿๣ľҲçײˡΪһ󻹽ĺˣעȡܻһݣһԱİЩ
ľľᶨҪһȥ
ڿȰԹԿʼ̾ϲɣϲ㶹ưɣղҳԣҺվ͸İܽظˡ˵͵һȥٸ˵£һһˡۣ
ľָһ۵һ飬ƫƫ˦֡
ɫв;һܳԶ
ǣܡ
ľȴֳģľһֲԹɫһۿĬܸȥˣľĺõվ׼׼ȥݵ˵תԼķ䣬һˡ
ŶﵽĿľˣϲвٰˣߵűԽ

عʻصջ㽫ľ˹ȥ
ʦңľ̽ԴƤЦ
Ҫģͬһȥعʵ
عʳ겻ģľûϵôҪȥˡգ۲ŻȻ򣬡ŶҲˣٹþӵˣǸûȥ
ֺ˵˵ʲôعĻþͲˣ꣬飡
ľ˸ĶҲܸʦȥ
ΪΣ
ľ֧֧ᣬعԽӲͷƤҡҪȥݡعʿųģǰһ۾ܱʵʵ˵
ȥʲôعʵزǰİӱҪĸ
عʵľȻǲһ˳ԶţȻҪȥ֮ǰδȥݣֻΪҪȥ
أ뾸ԶľСعʲϲ֪ģŲӵعͷһ١
²ĳȴûعʻЩûתһʱ벻ľô;Զһˡϵľ뾸ԶľֹŽعζһӦʹļ׵뾸Զظô죿
ʲôϵľʦȰڲʲôöϹۣôҲû뵽Ȼء
شһƬģ⡭ع̾˿
ľԽһͷˮعǽһԶˡ
صһԶ˺ܶࡣС÷󣬾ܾһͬˣҲҪһͬδ˻ǰûôţ˻һ򲻹֮µҲʹصĿ
˻ǶӵҲûشջˣֻƵƵʾҲʹͷ
ʦˣֻѡľΡ
Լѧûа˼֮£عôӵҲûа취ֵ֪ԶǸʲôǰ黫թ֮ˣͬһΪԼռʲôãôϹۿأ
ľڣԼʦҲҶ죬ΣС죬ʦ˵ˡ
Ȼڵȷʮֽƻһӻˮ
ģʯͷ񣡡عԽĿԽ˳ûкӣľѧŮһ㿴ĸĵĸ׶ὫŮ޸Զˡ
ô࣬ҪһԶʲôأ
ʦ𣿡ľЩޡ
عʱʵһ㶣ʶͬʲôϵѺ롣
عˣľûѣҲʦӡ
˵˵عʸڷϣ㡭ֻͨѡ
รľ̽Դع鰸ӱһ㣬Ȼѣʦǵñ÷Ǯ
عʾʲôǮ
Ҳûʲô֮ʦǵñþСľθڣ˵ú塣عʹȻ˵ס콫ᵽǰ˵
ǣСʱץϲҲͰˣô졣
ľѵظƽ죬ѧи־ȤͶҼÿؼ˼ҶЦӯӯġλӴæűĲᣬҼ˷͹ȥҳôûԹķˡ
ֹľδǰûϴعսȭͷ
ľ͵͵ʦɫŵӵʦӺ֮ɻǵŮӣ
عʱʵһ㶡ԸԼķͷ¶浽ѧȥӣ·˰µķ˺룬ʱҲͷϣһڴӦ¡ţȻȢ¡Ӵǰķ˲˳С⣬ٹ˳Ůӣȴһϲġ
ʦʵľŵʦôЩҲûǹӣôȰҷڡ
ѧȻûӣعڸĵٲľҪ׼Ǯˣͷضľָˣ㰮ҲùˣԼŰ졣
ʦһĿģľعˡ
ѧ־ȤͶ棬Ϊ˼³Ҳ棬û˵λŮҲû˵ǮǸ˭׼ġ                        
лҪ˵ľ۴Ҿû
Сүû



عʵڶ糿̤˻ĵ·֮»ѵ, ѵʾܶǰݡڿջִ˼գѵ۵Ųŵ
ڽֽãɫʮѿվһԵĹ״ĵ̫֮ˣ
, ȻǼ֡ѵظһЭ참֣ܲ
볯жԱһѵڹڵӡ󲢲áľڵĹϵ֪ضȻ򲻷Ķصڡó׷ٵ飬ľڶľӪ˰¶, Ըǰ̹Ĺϵ
Ůи÷, ò׺ϣڲҲûУҪǰԼŮ˱־롣
ҲǿؿҪ, ľͬڲΪѴӦںˣвȥˣҪһ¡
ľ͵͵ڵʱ򣬽ȱһ٣ڻһ
˭СүľЦеضǰ
䵭Ƴһ, ᵽá
Ҫһȥݡ
ľͷҷ˵ˡ
˿ӿҧг, 㼸ʱ֮¸أ
ֶСүҪҪСүֱش
ľЩԥڿıЦ÷, ҾǸͣ
ᣬᡣδ֮ǰľҲδϵƵСүʵ̳ס
ľɫ, ұ֤ر־롣ţ֣صơ
ؿ֣ľҲſȥȻڨڨؽĸָȥһ
ڵɫסĻ

˴ȥݵĳľڡƣһ
϶ĴӪҲݣǡҪݼԭԴŰˮ·ȴҪľһߡ
·ϣȴ˳۶ˡһľл˵
˼գҲУ·ӳա
ٵǰ̽·˵ǰ·סˡ
һѡһȫĵطЪľ뼪˵ǰĶ̽ͷ
Ŵ꣬ȴɡһɽǱȥˡҲ˹ȥ
ľº棬Ҳһɡ
ߵʱÿһɽϵʵǰ
Щʲô𣿡ľ˿һС²ԼʲôΡ
ưãľȹǱˮһȦִľЩղסɡֽӹɡɡͷϣ˲ȥݡ
ɡڵֱûڵӱʪءľǰ˴գʲô˼
ʾȥɽɽɽɽ飬˴ȴʮּʵɽʯ޿ɱ⣬Ҳص
ƺƴԳˢеζڴʱáըɽҲŲζľűҲûһ˿ζԷǲǰֵʳ޷ݣ
Ǵȥݴŵֵ塣ݺأĳ֣Ƿּ֣˽ͶԷ䱸ľһµĿҪ¡
ľЩģĪѾ֪ǵĿģ
Ҳδأ⣬Ǳżڳһ´ǡڰͬҲڰοǲһԷѾһ𼸷ڱNǲľԱ
һţֻ֪ԼֵģľڵĶԻȳаյģΪҪס
ľڶһۡʳһգһյò⡣Ҫ붬д겻İղԷȻЩյ
ݹԱӦѾ·ӴҪѲʱ䡣غȻڡ
ȥĿҲҪֹǲݲʵΪҪ̽ǾֻĿġ
ǲŻţֻҪ˺Ѻ˵á
ƽСľȹԾɱʪ˴롣ؽɡ߾٣䣬
˵껰ľ͸ܵȻһ͡㬵һ±Ǽ⣬ľתͷͬص̫һɡڲˣһǳԼɡɡ˵ճҪɡ
޶ԣҲüУӽһ˳ɡҪ紵ߡ

Ǹ˲ֽɣܽͲԾ
ľ޷Լȥɡҡ
ڽһ̧˸ա
ɫ䵭Ϳȥ
˲ˣλǿɽ֣ҳɡʵǱľݺӵĿӲͷƤѡܣѰһȦϣƣͬߡ
һصľһ׸ɾ·ľ·ʱŶȣһַŻһ߳Źӣô󣬳ȥ˾͵ܳѧŲ𣿡
ľϵҲһŹӡȷʵó
ȳһŹӣڱߵ졣
Ϊ˽
үΪͽˡ
ľһ㶣̾ϣƸһ롣Ȼǲ֪ģʵʵˣҲôطΪһҪȥ
ͷһľڰ֣ҲȡζʵʣĲȡ
ָ˵⻰˶ܸϽߣȴûϵȫľ׮Ƶһ
Ĳȡľǿ
ƿһ룬ǰһ꣬Ǻ꽪ůůӣ˷纮
Сһ֣ľ޷ֻÿܲһϹ˿ض룬һ겻ɺү񣬻ȥҪġ
֮ʣ̽һһֻӹЩҲ޷ǰɡ
ȴ߹ƣľһָ뽪һѡһָʹ˻Ǻү
ľǲⱻƳߣôҲмֽ飬ڶмԼ֪δؿҲˣŸƶضŮ֮顣Уڴ̬ȣҲˡ
һѾ㹻ʣҪľͰͿżҲһ룿
ҿɲңСϰգﲻҲﲻԶƲܾ
ľðĽ֮󣬾ˡСؽƿһ죬ȷΧûص˺󣬲
ҵһˮӺľ׼
˿һŵľһ£ֻ뷭
Զޱس֣ƴʹɫ                        
лҪ˵ľͽǰɣˣСүһ̳ףҪƵģ



ʱʹɫʲôã
ľʰ, 
ۿﻹ룬Ը, 꽪
ľ㬵ؽݸԴ
ڵһס̽̽ģüĶͷôҽˡ
캮Ǳ紵ġľ⡣
Ƴһ, 
ʲôľЩ, ҪԸףȴŲЩЬʱһѽק뻳, ͷ
Щϡľ̽ŴһĶ䣬һ˲ͱ᲻صҧһڡ
ʵ㡣ڵЩ
˭ʵ
еƣľǾһ㲻һʶһжΣûиҲ֪һֻѲףֻ¸˼
ľջ֣ԹԵš
ʱ, ˻
۾, һֻסľĴָĦѽˡ
ȡľҡͷ
ȣڷ̧
ȡľ൱йǰһЩڲһ, ˣеĺܡ
ЦЦҲ, Һ˾Ͳúȡ˵ƫͷʵĲʾ֮Ѿʮԡ
ľԺЦ˳չȥڸ𣿡
뿪֮ʱںȻĺԣѹ£Ŀضǲˡ
˿ϣ˿Ĵ
ľ죬ظһͷ˿ҵϣ۽ǷһƬĺ졣ƫƫ׻һֳߣ²شù
ǹ׾ˣҧˣ
ľ߷߲ƽ̧ȥڣȴҲûܿƫеһţ˴
ˡڵ
ľţ㣡˻Ҫȣ
⸱ģʵڹֿɰȭЦҪ˲һȥЦ⣬꣬Ҫȵ㽪ɢɢ˷纮Ҳ޷š
Ҩһ͵ߣ΢̧̧°ͣʾ졣
ľŴ˲ϺȡΣֻúͺһڡ
㷽Ż˵ԲءľһƲͷ
ʧЦβƭ㣬һںǲȣǱ㲻ˡ
¸ߵģӺ˵ӱѵáľŰɵҧŴ׺һСڣ̧ͷһۣŽ׽ӹ
ڹ˹šץϸǴΣľ꣬Ľûó취ƽζ͵ľϵĽȻҲǸƹζ֮ģ˭֪ľһҲԾ뽫
ľƵĽŵֻǻĵˣʲôˣǱںδ漰ЩȴһŲ֪ӦôӺβ𣿡
Ĺٿʼ𡣡ץְ档
̫أľΣǾʷ̳ѧˡ
֪֪治֪ģӦöҲƶ̫һ⣬ֻǼȻϽĵطȻѲ˸ϵڱȶ֣СһȦģǡȫס
ľ΢һصߴգѹüͣȥݴ˶֣˹𣿡
ݲǵĵ̣ڼ䣬ԾֻǷֹ񱩶ΪɣݹԱгֵɵפݵľӡ˫ͻǱݣȻһ
ǰòصѵ۲δ֡δְϾоԶĸ֣һˣ
ĻûұNڷ졣ڴһдżﲻмǼȻNĵؽ£ȻҲҪ͸ġ
̬ʮԸĺ֮ľϲԸ֮߰ڣҲ̲סɪ̫ϲ˷Ѿ˼ıȴһ޵ӡ
һˣֱ§סĲӣ˫۾ڣҷرߴӢ
ȻŻɹϣŵַסˤӡȺǣ𴽽Ŷһֻнգ
ÿնÿÿľһˣҪǮġ
ȴ񻹲⣬ֶθÿ
ľһЦϵһɣ˸Сүϵһÿ
һˣ˶ϵȥľϧ˷ܹͷתֱڰ¡
ڲԶţĶֻһֱζľʱԭͷһּ򵥵ķ٣ֲʲݣһ֮
ľ뿪վߵߵڣүҪˮ𣿡룬ǰź˵ֺ˵ˮǸŮģʣүҪˮ𣿡
ڵĬ˰Σӽҧǿŭ³һ֡

·֮ͨǰһסھͽվ
⼸յмСͷݳҲûӡ
һ緹ʱȻ˽վǰڻ⣬һۣŹ¥
ľͷƲͣ¥ϿӻֽעˣúóԷɡ
⼸ҲԼݵĿƺȫֻ֡أضȻȥʾԶֻýĿ䵽ľϡ
ʲôлһֹı飬ľ䲻֪ҪЩʲô£ܹںйءԼδƣȻҲ졣
ҪڣŤͷ뼪˵֪ˣ㵱ʱ͸һͬˮ·ǻѺʳӵĳֻ߹ٵҲֻܱ·ϡ
Цݴ꣬汩ǣˮ·½·ǸΣգܹҲһߣʱݣеӭҲ̫عӭǵζ
ƺϲ̫أľʡ
Цһ⻰˵ģǽˣ϶ˮҲǸĵһڷԡݻ죬ЩԱܵùͷǣϲٵġ
һ˵ԲûشľĻ
Ȼ̽ҲԸ˵ʵľȻʶȤûʡ˵ֻҪλ̫ˡ
ðշľ¥ȥѰڡ
ŵǹزľ̽ȥӣط࣬ƺ£㲻˵
ôˣȥ
̫ʦαŶȣָŷ֣ĵؿ
ľŲһ٣ܿ췴Ӧ첽ŵȥܹ߹Ĳӡ
Ҽ¥ŴʲôϢһ
ǰӣһ㶣Ŀ
ľѾŤͷʹʲôϢ
ڵĿջأ޵Цһ¡



ľ, ЩͲزˣһǡص
Ϊβأľɫ, Ҳʱʱ̶̿õңܻõңҵĲ֪ǵļƻ˲أҸ𡣡
غȻʶľ֮ǰЩͬˡ£˲ڳ, һ̸, ҲܿѯʡǰԸ˱ƺҪӱȦ߳
ɲľһ˿һܵ˺Ŀԡֻܼϣͬ뷨
ĵ˴ɱ, ΣڵϦɫƺһӱɱʲôҪ¡
ȻҪӶ⶯֡
ľһһ㣬ϸظľĵľơ
Ļʵѽĺ꣬δ, ϻʵҲûҪȨ˼λӶԴ֮λ񣬼ϻʵϷ, ϾģüλԼϻʵ֪ԴӡΪϻʵϼ޻, λ໥ƺ⡣
Ӵ˷£㱣סҲҪش֮жʧһ, ƽƻϻʵ֮ۡȻ໥¼ɡ£˭Ϊǿĳ͢սݵؽ簲ķʱ˿̶Ȼ޷˼˭Ӯ˭ңһܾ˵ľ棬ڱN԰һ
һеվš
⴫һУ򿪣ͣŸȡһֽڡ
ڴ򿪿һۺ΢΢˳
ؼ״ɫʣĵϢ
ڵʳָָָֽһֵ࣬һڳľҲ̽Դȥ
ֽдšʥּպ󵽣¡
ּľؽԺϤѵ۵֡
أľǺܵȼֿʮֺѧʣʲôʥּ
ȫǷϲݴϢǱ׽һɾ
ǾԶȨ죬ҲûзǵȨӲʱһңʱпܱı췴ʥּʦ
ľʵڲòڵıԶǣδݣѾһ׼ˡ
ڼһδڵļƻ֮뿪ľʱͣͣȴҲֻǿһۣ˳ȥ
һʱֻʣڡľˡںүʾ£Ծ뿪
꣬ûϵĳݵ佱ľһؽ֡
ҲȥЦݣӦһ
ҴӦر־룬ϾѣҪһֱ񷽲ľ֪жףʲżִˣȽλүáܹ鲻ضϾҲڳԴ׶Զء
ʱΣŵ
ʵûôУܿľԵ˵Цرʶľʮꡣһ˽ľʱѾеϲá˱ֻˣݲñ죬ҲݲñߵĿܡ
ľȻµɫŵһ㶣Ҳ£ίʶһ㣬ŷӦڼ˦ɫڹæʱȥһƣҲ˵ػǰʵʵģֻίòС
֪УһֱڹʲôʲôҪǰϵڼ㲻ԸҲȻ˳⡣
ľһ´̽ŽУСش顣
ֺõģ̫ԣʮָʱˣۣס֡
ڣǲˣҪңһζǨҡľһֻ־ϵĻơ
ûвˡĦĻڣ΢΢š
ľȻɵ򥣬ͷϥϿ
ֺöڶòܹľЦèƵ°ͣʲôȥԼˣ㲻
˿ڣľСƵͷĲӰһϡ
Ҳ֪ѧôֶΡ΢࿪ͷŲӽ죬ҲֻǺЦһ
ͨݵ·ͨݡݳ£ſھۼ˲񣬼ͨҲɽ·Χˮйͨ
Ѻĳ棬µ˶ضš
Ѷľӣųж֧ڴü˽á
ۼ֮ʳʱз
ȺкȻ˸ߺһʳˡԭɧŵȺ˺һӵϡ
ھǰϣҲڶǰӵ׵Ƕˡ
ľĶȻᵽɤۡ
һ˺ȻٶȼػǰȻ˲ҽһ̫ңԭǰȫԭء
ôˣľʡ
ӺүԸڿҡϣǰԵصģֻ£Ѿסˡ
ؽһпʱӶߵԸ䣬һ˲һ㽫һסһѴĺعڵϣ˳ƲСȣͷѵ
ޱ飬ֻǺЦš
ߴĺӱβһסգۼ䱻ȥһȡǰסڳˡ
ԭֵĳºȻžһƬ
ֵʱ˴죬һԲҪƵǰ壬չ˲
˸ĺӾǰ£ĲҽƶĤڻǶη塣ûҪʳ˵ҲֻΪ˻
ֵղûжҲ
Щڵ̬ȣȴҲδ
֣ݹԱ١
һۼŤɹ״ڵϵˣһ̻ع񣬶ڹй
үָʹԶ¹ʧԶӭλˡ
ʧԶӭ˲Ǹһ¡صļ𣿡ŵЦЦؿǰ֮ˡ
ɱݵĹԱԸЦæҵز亹
Ƴһۣ㲻̫أ
¹ݿة˹ļү
ڵأ¹ʱ˵ľϹᣬǾϹĽǵȷǸѡ
˹ıסһڵϣ¹ܣүˡ
֪ܣҲ֪Ӧ˭ˡڲٿ˵ּ֣͢µں棬Ȼᵽϣ˻
̧̧֮°֮ͣⲻԶ

ü

ڽƢ, Ƕϲסվġ֮ǰݳվס˼ȻΪ֮ͣ󣬸˹ǵһΪΰլӡ
ݲǱNͨҪ, 深˶ó˸ûʵլӡľǰ棬һڣҺһأֵɵͬ˹˵
NмŮ, ȴʦͬ, Ƴ͢سɱ顣
֪ԶȨ죬ΪƸΪ, ھԶ֮ǰ˹ĸǲҵ
뾸Զ򽻵㹻亹ǰλһڣҲǹ⻹ģ֮Ҫͬơ
˹һѽӲϹͷЩӽˤȥ
ĪҪȡЦ¹, ¹Ǯð˵լ, ϶Ź˴ݹ٣¹һҪúү뿤סڡ
ľڶһۣüͨݵĵ·ͨ, ҪΪһ˳ǣ²Ϊ˰¡
۳Ͷ٣ľԡڴһ, һе˰źظɴ
ľ飬ŲԶżϵľʶü
ȻǸոԭղ޲ףֻУˮ֮УЩž˼ˡݹԱڴʱղԭЩ˼ؾȥ硣Ҫأ⡣
˯ѣ۴ڨЦǼ⣬Ц˯ʱҪҹèˡ
ľͷĶɿһڡڹ˵ܰɫɴתͷ
һº͵Цݽһ˲˲ʱָ̻ˣ㼸λЩǵȥȡ
ľͶʱҲӴЩأתҲƽľ죬ɫ磬ͷڱȥɡ˵궼ҿڡ
˽סԺӣشó뼸½
ľл¸һȥš
䲻뾸Զһˣ
ϵŷ⻮˺ľ˶٣̧ͷʱ
ǱΪҪһЩᳰһ㣬ֿô̹ʣһ˵
ľŷϣ˵Ҳ㣬οҴӦڣˣұ㲻㡣
ԭƽر仰۽ǺݺһӦľΪο뾸Զ֮Ĺϵ
صɫѿı´Ķѧģ뾸ԶС浱үԸ볯֣ûбү⣬˽£ǰ̸ܻ۴£ܿĹϵľҧгݣľǹ֪Ƕ˵顣𣿿Ӧ㣬ȴδƭ㣡
ľһ㶣صĻ֮ǰ鴮ȷ֮ǰδܷĹŹ֮
سأǰһѹһĶŵ¶˽˵ƣľ㡣ϲ˭ҹܲţҲܾԶǼ飬㿼Զʲôˣǰһױһףֵ㣿δ֮ǰܽݹԱ֣ѱһֶβϡ
ľĿѣڵɸ֣ЩľС
ľָЩ飬ˣеؿָ
˵Ļûдοƭ
Ͼڶ˵顣
ͷأ֪ˣģзִ磬Ҳûôס
أľڵȥѰڣ
Ҫ붬ϣȰϲ١ľһӻȻ󱻷ӿĺͣڰ·ϴ˸¡
ԭǴйһ˯֮鷳Ҳû£òС
ˣľĥĥ̫ˣ˵
ݣϴ˸ˮ裬ľһɣҲ֪ǲ˵׼ˣǱˣ
֮ȥһޣû˯š
΢΢ʱľɲסˣ˱ӣź򣬲ݲϴڵڵԺȥ֮ǰǵҪԼһ硣
̤ԺӣɫֱָüġľһˣȻ̧ͷ˴֮ˡ
к循ˣһ˪֮üɱȱǹ⻹Ҫ顣
ǹüһʱǹ֮ɫһ䣬תǹԲһһֻץסľֱۡ
ľɵ㶵ؿǰ֮ˣ̧üġ纮֮Уһ㻹ûɢȥΪ
ؿĵѪֿڡ
ڻˡǹʱ˴ţ֪Ƣԣţ˿ʱ㷢һֱڶǣʲŲ˿Ǵ̿͡
һˣǲġ
ľüѪ̫ۣľȵҴս˷ʯϣǰɻˡ
ľЩû񡣷Сǲǲһͽˣ
üĵʹ֪ľ죬ۿת
ڵĶȻ°أľײޣΨǴο޵ûڵأҲ޵æҡ
ҵĴڵȵǸľ˦ƿۣһ˦ϡ

Щࡣ
ڿĴˡ
ľ㵵գգۣۿת
ָ̧֣˰ȹĵطָü΢ɵ㶵Ĺ̾˿һȥˣһ£
𼱻ǵشץ˸һԺӾͿԼҺүϸŰչȥ
վսսˡĸ
Ůüˣевϸִģ˼ҾǺСϰղһ
ҡͷҲ֪ÿĸ
ָľȥƳվŵˣͷҲδأ
ȷӦϴ콫˹
˴γţҲ⣬ڲδߣֻܽһáЩȴҲ˵طʾжء
ⶼòŴ򿴣ɨһ۶ܿˣʹҪһ㣬͸ýԼˡ
ǰӺүǿһ۾󣬺үҲӦÿóûʲô󰭣ûҪŪΣһɡ
һˣЩҩӷѾϴģؼһľ˿ڣȻһѳûáҲеĲҩųսս뿪
ľһϵίȫڸɾˡƾưɣģ˵ʵڴûۿԸ̣ȴ̲ס
˴һûдõĲҩڵҲȻ⡣ľüĵѪ裬ü᲻ࣿ
ţ࣬˭ɵģ
ľ
Ҳãʡ                        
лҪ˵Сүڲ֪±סһǴ˵еɵɵ

ϵ׽棩

ҩͿЩ, Щ΢Ĵʹ
С˿ڱԵľü£֪ˡ
ڵһ, δ⣬ֵ£ò˿ڡ
ôƽЩ֡ľְѹϣ㲻ô֪ģ
۲΢Ҷɫ糣, ľ֪, Ҫȥ
ûû
ڽҩУֽȥıߣ

൱ʮ֡䡢رҪ
ľƿ, Ϊ㲻Ըֵ֪ıѡ㲻⣬ҲûҪء
ԭȾûиıҪع£طҪЭЩעסٴμ˿ڡ
Ժбֻһǹ, ӧǹͷǹ⡣
ľһ, ǰϸ
ǹϿŷĻƣߵǹǹͷӧӳ£ԼԼһ֡
ϵּʱΪѰġʱ, ޹֪Ϻү
үǹľͷʡ
ڸվڲԶס
ľеүֻ֪һὫڳΪСүֻΪү֪ǰ⸸ͬ, үһڻɳ꣬СүڳıơҲ˵˭УΪɽӣ;ͬˡ
ھԼˡ
ڣս𣿡
ֻб߽Žս
΢۾֣߹ǣӡľʩϵĺ罫£סҪȥԡȻȥ緹
̴ɫİ¶һߣѩĲѿ
ľ磬Ŀɫ۱˿ţԳݵһƬĺ
Щ˾ϲӲ
ҹһû˯ľ緹ʱǷ졣һ죬һϺȡ
Ƥӳأľһ죬ڣɵҧס׽
ƸؽʱüһĻС껹ûʱЩ㶣ҲضԿһһ澪ڿȻͳľԶһһעŴ˵ı顣
˵£ͬһ뿤簲
ƸŴ£Щͷԡ
ʧģҪиŶ԰ɡ
ľɫΣغһﲻҳ
ҹطôһͨƢտһ𣬴رʧ
׼ϴ̧°͡˼ɡ
ɫƽؽװС˵ĵƵǰ㲻ǰԻƹȰԵ£
ûľظ̼һƹһؾҪ
ڿأĿײڳ˹ŴĿ⡣
һ緹ľιˣ˼ߣȥ˯һᷢʱ̫ǰ
̫ѽ꣬ʷѧϰǿʦã̫ľҲüһ
ľǰʱЩϲ
ǰ뿪ĸʱʮ㡢־ȴһƵģۻɢ˵һȦ
̫ϳľҲ
˼̵غѹ䣬ľһԣ˵
ǽ˵ȻΪѵؿڣ¹ҪҪү̡
ǲľ
һף̧ۿľ
ػüľȴվŬŬ°ͣʾһȥ
΢˼زһ뿪
šü˲뿪ӰһЩͣ˵ɡ

ݳڣԻˮѾȥ룬¶ʪŢءǴӳǱߴׯ˵ɫƣᾡ
ľһ·ʩǰؼһȺˣżݽ崺άֻﶼᱻݡ
˲ݶ¥¿
ǰûиƽҲȥڵεֵǮһӦϰ峷ȥֻһ¥ֻƽϢٻء
Ҷ˵طϻн޹ֲֺ֣еǽԸľקϵ
ǿѹͷߣδδáصЦ¥ƳһֽۣקקˢҲ಻٣ľᣬȫѹҲΣա
뾸Զͺˣ
ľɫΣҹĵ˵ҪˣţȷʵЩ
صĿȺѲȺлˡʱңضƲסǽϰߣҪһʼĴ㣬Ҳ׼Էһ
Ҳľ˵
Ҽǵôǰˤһ㶼ܰ²ҡۣüºͣǻ
³ͷҲضҪȥ
ƽЩϵһ˵Ǻ㶫Ҳ
˵ˡľûһţЦ
ľǵ͵ᣬҲԳᣬͬﵱС˻òʵʵȴҲҲ˵ġ
ҿԶȴҺˣƭҲңҪҸ۶塣
ص٩
ôᡣľƤЦ˭۶嶼۶塣
̧ҪصļʾģȴȻɫһݣ˷Ӷ¥ȥľ˸գŤͷ¿
ȺѸɢһȦȺΧ룬صŲһϣкһ崺ĵ˲ѹһѪߡ
ƷڵϺ̧ͷ
ľһ£¥
Ѿס֣ؽʱһԽг崺ɫ䵭طԸȥǱլԺ
ŽƷʱѾʾƣһΪѵˣ⡭Ӧȥص˾Ŷԡ
ƳһۣǴұҪ
ʱرȻϽɱݾѪº͵£˸ٷ
ľָָϵˣǡ
زδֱӸֻȥ˵
˻ȥʱ̫Ѿ뿪ƺҪѶֶľ٣ȴһֱҼԼݡ

ڰһȣɫް
˵ģ
ͷȷ˵ġ
أʲôӦ
˵˭۶Ҳ˸۶塣
ݲȫֻԼڣ䲻ỳɽָʹ֣Ҳڰľ
ɳȥ书ǿľֲˣȴδأԭûܹءһľģʵ˵
ľôԭֻΪľϵһ㡣
޹ֺ緹ʱľͬɫ糣ԭ
Цľֻһܹ֮ʲô
ЦһƱΪף
ιȥֻȹǿ֨졣
ںȥء                        
лҪ˵



϶͵լӻһ, ˵ңҲûڡĵһձҵŴţȻΪ׼ġ
ﾡá
Զʱ, ؾ֮ڣűˡ
ƻǸӣľܵһ㿴οǸˣزӴ̫ܡ
ڽʱ, ѾһѵһϷ, ŲҲδͷ
յͨ죬ڻ谵ŹĹ⡣ط־ͽպĵ뷽˵ļϡ
̶ĺУе
ɫ糣, ԾĻһ˵Ŀͷ˿ʳʲô
ʮĵ̹Ϲ⣬ڼιǴ¶⡣֣ʾȥϡ
ԶĵһѵĿտǡ
˼ڳȺУϴšЦŽһѹ, ϰǡȼ, ˶Ҫ
ľʱҪȥϿǿһ۾˵ĲԾ, ľڶ¥Ҳᱻ
ʳ𣿡
ԡ
ȻһľĴšϣȻ
ץ, ʹһ飬ʵû˳㶫ȱľѶֶΡ
үдࡣ
ϵĵطһŤֱ˿ڱѪģĿżҲ̽Ƭ¶һƬģͼ
ץ֮ѾʹȥЦγڵ·
ҵʹԭʹȥ˲ѡ
ǵͼЩ죬ؽδ
һ֪غȻƵЦЦ
ڴԼ֪˭
ľСͰһЩϡŹֵͼض˶٣Ц˺үʶľʱ䲻ǲ

֮ڳѪȳζľűӣ˵̫֣Ȼ
ûʾ̼ϱľһˡ
˴ͷűʵʵֻ¶һࡣ
лľѪȿµĳ棬ϾǸɶԴ˻ηų⡣һֶȻҲ̶ãΨȫס۲Ϊ
ǿŶǰϸ쿴ŵֳһ죬ʱбһֽʡ
ڵһ
ľδע⵽ڵı飬һԵϽͼġŻϸꡣ
ľ°ֿͣľ
ڸǵĲѾѪ͸ŨصѪζľͳԳˣھθ﷭ɽܡ
һָֻס۾ǳ÷㣬ΧѪ١ֻֽߣľܸоΧĹ𽥱
Ųͣ£۾ϵ̧һ㣬ӦĹߺתƵ
ܣ࿪ü壬һһ˳ĺ󱳡
ľֱۿţУǽճԶˣöѪУǲġ
˵꣬ųءشҲûϵķӦ˴ھεˡ
ûУ¡ľ֣һֱץеֽ̿˵¡
ͼһ죬ֻȷʵ벻
عоͼ֮ǰһֱоͼľʱߣĿȾҲԴ˼Ȥһֱ˵ϾãѼ˲йⷽ飬Ҳֻ𷭿䵹Ǽǲ
ڵĿֽϣȻ롣
ľͷ˼ȻһĶͷҼˣϣҰϼͼ
룬Ұϣ

ֺ͵ӵɣô˵ҲǸδĻƻŮ
˵ɹٳ¡
󡢴󡢴ϿġǴĿı⣬Сʱˣ
ߣСʱϲ˿ӣ
ľŤͷ岽Զ
ϲ˿ӣ
ĿӱҧˣҲСĿģ
ѵ۷ŹҧҰʱѵ۵ĹĿҲһҧ£ſ֣ľ鵽ˣѵ۵ʱŻ˲ÿĶ᳤ۡ
ľȥִ᲻ҰĻռǣ֪˶ͦϲĥԼģǸԼҵľʹĴ࣬Žˡ
һڵ֣һص֡Ƹͦÿ
֪˼ضһۡ
ȥľʱ⣬Ҳ˵Ǵʼʹը˳ϣǱľײֹˡ
ըΪʲô׼ղˣղһǳʲô˵Ķ
Щȷһȷģǰϸһͼ֣ҰһĴ࣬ǱڱN׼⹴ˣĵѲ˸ϵ
߽ʱγǶ֮ƣĪЩΣ£첽ߵǰˣݽָʹ
Ҫˡ
ڵĹְҪشԽڰݷδءڵǲ⣬ľ롣
Ѷڰѹʡ
˭˶˱ܣľȻĸо·Ż̲סͷ
úÿ·סľ°̧𣬾ԵһͷԼҪײϼɽҲ֪
ľƳգۣѵΪʲôֻ𣿡
֪ޱʢ
̫ʱҲ˺档ҧгݡ
ŶҪʲôܣеϸŴ
Һߵ𣿡
⻰˵ʵôô
ڿľء
òص潫̼ùݡصΪڸľʮ꣬ر˽ľҲľĬֻҪһ̧֣ؾ֪ľҪʲô
һľô

ľ˸תż̽ĶͷԴૣûհ
úõľȻƢҪûŪ
ѹͷ֣̾
صһľദĵΣԽԽľǰ̫£Ҳ̫ǣȻƢʱĲЦغ
̫ԾԵˡ
ڼܵСүľǰûаȫС
ľһͷˮ֪ΪκȻ䣬ûˣֱס˼˼Ȩο
ĵЩЦãסıӣ𣿡

ôƢ
űӣľƣ᲻Ҳ֪ٲ־ˡգһȭڼϡ
֣ܿٴλȭͷһУ͵Цǣǰߡ
ôˣľ˼˼ط£ǣţҾƺˡ
£ֻмƺ̫ɹ
Сү첻ɵ𣿡
أ
ҾСүܣ
Ǿͽ㼪ԡ                        
лҪ˵ľģ룬㲻

ש

ֿⴢŨصĳ
æŽù׷ɸ
һɨڵϵ̫븶˹ĵ, ֿ߳⡣
ڵţľ̽ӿڳһ, Σ
ҹһ꣬ȫʪ
ʮ֮ߡۣŭ
ֱ͸֮أӦ˰ʱ飬ϼӿ, Ҳܳݶʧ©ˮ
ǰгϱըδ, תͷͻ֣Ǹˡľšü
ָߵ³ڣʹ, Ǳ߿нչ
Ѿ˽һһ飬ƺǲ鵽һЩ
ȥϡ

ʩѾתƣһֻڵˡھľһȥĲݡ
ݺԺʯשñˮݣשɶвʯվһԣָשǽԺ, ʯשѾúܸߡ
Щשô𣿡ľһۣء
ضЦЦ, ù˳ש£㿴ġ
һ̧֣ʯשݺڵϡʯשһʯ, 洦¶ɫ
ǽӡ
שľӣٴȷϹȻء
صͷ, ըϣžΪЩש
ľӻЩתףãȻգۣڼ⸱ģͬͣǵļƻǳɹˣʱһƬңҪʬ壬ͬҲҪܱըٵķ棬˶࣬ܽש˳ȥ
˵գ쵽ǰ
ľڽסĻʵѾּܿմӺӣӵĸûӵĸڼʽ΢Ѿûʲôáֻ·һǵĸǷһ
ʲô˼ľʡ
ƹؽӹڵĻϻʵҲֻϻܿڴһ٣䲻׼һⳡʤ
䲻ϲڣȴҲòڵ˼ʵںóģһӣҳһࡣͬҲԸľӽڵԭ˼ľ
˼ˣڵֵж˼֡
ڲĿ⣬ܲõػӣŴǣľ°͡ľǽש⧲ֶŪЩ£һĿ֡

ľҪġ
̵Цȥ
ľѹû֮ĲΰӿһשǰߣŲӵǼǵƣΪҪֳ
ϵשһǽשһ־ֻͨʯש

Ҳ̫ˣǱN𣿾׬һؽשȻʯשЩʧܡ
ԺĵשѾȫ˿ֱװֻʣ¿ӿһƬŢ
ڳľ֣
ǽשߣľ߹ȥʪŢЬıЬ棬ȹڣϸƽĵطߡ
ʧֵʱɳ࣬ǽЬŪˡľЩԱɴ಻ܲСܹȥȻסŻڵأָָ棬棬ǿյġ
˽Ķ棬ڷԸˡ
˺ܿ㽫ҳһ󶴣ľվڱǿҳĶǰҳǺ˼
˳˳ı붴ԶЩʾȥ̽
ʱ𾪵سүŴı
ڳ֮޲һȻ
µıȫϵ棬ɨһۣȻЦݣЩ㹻ǧʿˡ
һĺܺãڵ£ȴһĺۼҿʣȻǷ˲˼빦졣
ľҲˣڵ°ͣһȥֵǮɡ
ֺֻèüҲ֮һҪ佱ģȻϧ佱ǣʳָ˳ĺ󾱣ţǸ
ֱ̫ףľЩ˼ڷ΢Уֵʳȴ˽ǻӦöлˡ
Է׼رϣש֣שĹУȻ˻ܶҲΪש֮»жȽשֵǮ̫࣬שߣֻҪڣԷҲ
˭ϵиͷСﲻԸú·
ȷʵǸ
ڵ˵ϲڵĻңȥҲݲˣǽʾ֭Ǳȴ˸գʡ鷳ҲȫұNĴ֮

ݵĶֵĴػȥһһڣһ㲻ż˳Ͻİݵ˾
һһһǰܿǵ岽֮飬ľҲ֮ԽԽ˲̫˳ۡԼѰʱȻӦ뼪š
ûʲô÷ɿٽ죬˲תơ
һ·һϷԺΪԵõĳ˸ۣҽ㿴Ϸ
ݺľںܶҲû£ǰ䲻Ϸе÷ˣϷ²
˽ϷԺС˹ӭ
ľദʱûʲôΣǰȴԾΪϡͷϷŵˣ
ѾϷŹһ飬͵ۡ
Ĵ˵ľŤͷϷӣ
ߣǰҵϷӣƲһı°ɣҸ㿴ĻҲкЩԼдأ
˵˶¥᷿ϷԺС˽Ϸϡݲݷҳȿʼɡ
ľΪԹؿҾˣΪ㻰ĽҪһ׬ҵᣬȻŸûúõĴʤ̻ȥȢŮǲ𣿡
ĺüڣͷ֪࣬Ϊ˽޵۾𣬺˹µ·ʱ֪ţҲܡ
ûдӣ㲻ͷû˰ͷβһ·˳˳Ĺ£Ҫ۲˼Եúо飬һ˵ͷͷǵ
ľҾͰ
Ц򣬡㰮ֲҵĻӣҵĻӿڸϷء
ľÿɷ϶ĵ̣϶дĻ˭Ҳ
ǷϷԺĽǶѵ̨ľ˼רĿϷ
ϷǼһףȻһսʧ٣ҶΪʱֻ˹ʤ̣߸迭صȢİĹ
Щϸµȴľ֮ǰĻӲͬ
и̫үͶѹ氮ӣʱӦϣýսܣ֪١
ϷǸ֣߳˷ܵдһεľ˼
֮ǰ̫үǲǾǸù٣ҹ¡ڿҿңϼҲˣǸʦүü۵ĲˣôҲ벻̫үͶѹ˰ɣҸ㣬Ƿת鵽һӴ̼˲ǣΪĺֻΪӡӺ֪뻵˵˷֮һӣ뷨ֱ̫ˣֱǱӣ
ľ̨һʵ̫үйƭݺϷдǲϷ̫ү̫ء
ʷѧϲڣΨڻҪ˵ⲻľӡеľٶ
ģŶͷԼдϷҲޱȳļ̫⣿

׽棩

Ϸ, ճľͻȥſʱ⿴ƺƵһȺˡĽ, кڵװֵġ
϶ıʶ˲ʶľǻˣҲǵʶ
ү˰ľ϶ģ޴, סľ, ұҲȥմְɡ
϶
ľЩ⣬ԽݹԱϲݲ˸ɾֵòС, ΪĻݹԱûϵȻ϶
Щӣ⻹϶һŰݷá
ľʱ̸صɫƺǸƽȵԼ
һ, ݵ߽ȥͷϰ, İ˺һۣȻԹԵߡ
ϰҲһۣЩһкҲ, ľԶָʹҲûϾλʲôʴȺ֮ˡ
ʵ򼴱ݣҲǹܲľģοҲûܡ
û˹, ϰȴһŽ֪ǰ˭ˡ
λǽ
ϰףް߰ףͷȴܺáľ˵ͣϰÿҲƶһҲϵ׳
϶
ϳˣľҲװڳڳǰеЦøɾеĴżֳϲĪ˵ϰϲڵһοģָסҪ
˵ȥϷˣôص磬ͲܣϰЦǺǵ
ȷʵͲܡ
ںȻϰЦҲһ˲͡
ľ˵ϷͿϷҲ׼ӻӣһشԼджá
㿴ҵĻӿ޵ȥʱô˵仰
һһȥ̻ͻȻηΧϲС죬ϰЦ顣
仰ڷҰɣѾв˵ˡľι˰ݸŭԣҲֻTiempo viejoһ顣
ȻǣֱʣԸǿɰϰЦ
ľ˳°ʣԸǿɰĿ֪ʲô𣿡
ھЩȷǿɰ뱧һ
Ȼ޷϶ΨͣŮҲüϰŮҲûƫֵʳˮݣѲáϷү϶Ըʮʯʳݽȼü֮
ܺᣬܴ󷽣Ҳˬ죬ʱԸվֱĳȣѪǲǣ
ҪʲôأľЦʡֲʮʯʳǶףָȥ϶ǽɣ˵˻ˡûвģοܺĴ̸һѴĶġ
ԸʮʯʳֲԸͶʮʯʳ
ϰûϵľܿŵҺܻ˵㶹֮Ҳܿ񣬡ϷҪģֻҪʰˮ˵ĹȨ
ʰǱ󽭣بNڱҪݿ϶ѾϷˮ˰ҪʰĹȨƿرNˮ졣
ѹɫԣ׮һˣ׬ˡ
üˮ˹Ȩһ²鱾ܣ˵Ϊ
ϰźӣүӦ֪ܱݿͬʳȱǮҲ򲻵ʳܻ飬׳ʳģҲΨ϶
ƶԶһҪʳǰľԶǴǰ̰飬ԼۣλԶǡǡ봫ԽȻ෴
ΪЩû١
ĵŷ֣ȻѾʮֲá
϶ӦݰεİɰɡľȻ˵Ŀ׷ϡ
ľδᣬóʮʯʳʳҪࡣȻ˶ʳóһȼ˵ȥɡ
ݰ֪ȻʳôǰԹۡǺүôˣٱҲ޹ʹ϶Ͳͬˡ϶زڰߣֵΣ϶ʯʳʧڰе󡭡
ľһЦ˲𣿡
ϰ𽥴ԭĲΪͣЦտԣ϶Ӧʳ
Ȼ˵ľ˵ǡǺүķϣҲͲƽϡ
ڴЦԸʳԳ۸򡣡ĲŸһѽשﾡá
ϰ̾ηڲţϷ
ľһЦҲѵѧġƾٸĸŮӿƾ٣вĳʿԣѵתͷͽλ֪Ʋ׷ӡнࡱ˼룬Ůѧ֮ĵϢɢȥ֮ƾٸĸб˳ࡣ
ؽǰԵߵˣϰȨλݺѹˣһʱ벻Ҳ
ľǰأ
ϰʮˬ죬ҲãϷ;ʮʯʳȨˡ
ľ΢΢ףľܳݰлҡ
ϰľתվ룬̧°ͣ죬ң
żЦۣҵĪ
ľصͷߴڡ
ʧЦµһˡ

ľǰʮֲʵؿʱʲôоˡ
ľס̸£ԼҿϷڰʾ̫⡣ǲԾͣʱӡʵѾˣȴ֪
غȻݵָʹѰң֪Ϊʲô
ľҡͷ˵ݵĽָʹҪҲӦڣԹڵȷϹء
˵̫Ͷѹ
ǵˣڹ̫򱾺ܣݿةݽָʹĹᡣ
٣治
ľ˼һòʲôԲˡͷһڣһأֲӡ֮Լ֪˵ϸˣҲسܡ
ֱû֣һֱڵˣжв㣬ĵ£õִݡ
سȥ£ǰͬľҷԸǴĴһЩ㰮ԵĵЩʱǵáգľͷʱһۡ
뿪ľҡͷпʹԼ¶ʹһӦˣѵǴ˵еĽ߳ࣿ
ڲмһ֤ʲôīߺڡ
϶Ϣȥȥݵĺ޼־ǮǵãһҪģ˶֪ٸǾǮ
϶ǣͷ˫յ۾ţ˭裬˭ʸ֮ġ
ѧãһԭͺݣڻ
ľ̲סĴָ
ĺõѣľҲ֡
ľҲҪȥһƫͷЦɱܹ
ͲԷҲôˣľԲҪȥ
νԷ̾˿εһ
ľȴȻĲӣżϰһڡ岽ԶЦеصȥöˡ˵һСܳȥ
ʳָָָ˰׹ĵطЩ㶣Σüչ͵Ц



ʩ׵ĵطӳϸĵɽ
һԸ, Щ׾ĺ޼ֱӽʳȥС
Ѿ˴ֱӽʳȥôڰǰ¶Ҳð֪ԼΣ֮ʱҲҡݺһ߼ǺžԶ, һȴֲԸŹĺûᡣ
ѾյõĽֵƺƵռһ·ѵſڡ
ĺɴ棬ϹźƵЦݣ߸ϵʩڵ
ʹٰʧ, ⳡиǡ
ʢҲ˹, ŵһƬǴ˴شϲݽѣϲӡ
ľվڴ֮, в̣治˵ƽ𣿡ˮ֮У˽Ĳϣ󷢺ơݽ棬Ȳǵһ˽Ҫ
ƽȣе˸ƽȡվ, Ҳŵڵķ񣬵
ľĻ, ݣǿҲʳǣδӰ졣ǲƽȡ
Ĳƽ䲻ܳ, ȴܾܵļСΪСƽͷš
ľСȥһ㡣
ڲҲοɱ̫, ҲȲľţеϣ
ȥɣ㡣ڵ
ɲ𣬵ľԼһɱۼľٲĵɣ֮һĴɣҲȥԡ
ү϶ˡѡ
ڿľľڰ֣ҹȥ㡣
֮е˲٣ľվһԣˣһƫĵطȡ㡣
ݣ㣬¹ϡ
һԸ֮ƽ˳ġԸN˳̺塣Ը
ľ뿪ķһۣԸԶгһ̹ĶɡӵأԨ֮ߡ
棬λСɮǰӷСɮŮʩΪлƽƹŮʩԵһյ
˵֮ǰҲشһֻ޶ɡܺ޶ӣ
ǻжյƣ
ƼϿһţľƽռ뼸λѣжĵƣľ
СɮӰƽƷźãżȻɨһյ¾ɵƽƣҲͷѾģģƵóǡɽ֡
ƽƻԽԽ࣬ǰƽڵƼϷŲ£ᱻɮյͷѾãȴԾɷڵƼϣԸ֮ÿ궼˿һյơ
ľ࿴ۣСɮƽȫźú뿪תͷȴ̫һյƽſڽ
̫شҲûϵһ㶣ǰкڴ˴ҲΪƽ
ǣ̫شҲƽƣľеĵơ̫ؿĺ棬ҲڣϿ̵¶
ƽ϶д֮˵һյȴһ̵ǡݡ
ƷڵƼϣ̫ЦһغмֿɬΪݵĸĸ٣ʵְֻ̫ϲԱˡ
ֲԤϣǴ˵Ĵ
̫̾׼ȥĶ
үǰ棬׼ȥѰǡ
̫飬¹Ҳүһɡ
һͬ뿪ľ̫ûҪ˵˼
ԭͲֵĵطǰɮ˶ǰæɽ˸޼
д֦Ҷ䣬һ˴ɨϾͶѻ˺һ㡣ľͷ֦̫ص⼸գȥʲôĵط
ľүæ֣ʵʵŲ鷳ͺáҲ֪ң鷳ϰˣһִ˻˼Ϊʰ̯ӡ
˵ﻰȥǺõġ̫Ц֪ݴǰ˭ķأ
塣
ľĸһһϡвֵܡȥүүϲ̫ӣĻʲ֮ȥԵķأ֮һ
䲻ûүүȴܵȻϲȥԼһĸͬ׵ܵϲıǹҲǹΪĹڱNóŦݲŵԴһ黹㸻أģ
һȶ࣬ҲͬȻʵĻļӽǿļʱдȻãӹϥ¹һ̫ӡıãȻһŭ֮£ųնеĺӣۼСڸУȫѵ̫Сλʲڷӵأȡ˷ַơ
ΪĹóŦ˷׷ˡҰһĹﲢΪ檣ǳĵطΪԧҲŮȥĶ֮ÿգһ࣬ÿҲҪȥ
л˺⣬˲ʺȥֵطľЦԶԶƼڿүǰ棬үǸϽȥɡ
ֹ̫ľȴûٹֱȥ
̫£ľڸȴ͸ӿָʹֿ
ľһ˺󵽵̫븶˹ġָʹеţദõΪг֪Ҳ벻˻ụ淢Ĺᡣ
ִһʣ˳ˮۣװ֪飬һ硣
˫֧ŴľӴ̽ӣסء
ָʹ˵Щʲô
Ҫ˻ģҵֲȥ˾һ֡شнȥҪܽ죬ȫ
֪ˡܰһľҲϰˣȥǿ𣿡
Ը˭زʡ
֮Ҿ̫زšľ΢΢ü仯̫ˡǰж鳼аҶ֪ȫʹһˣȴڰæο۹ϵϵãûڲ㡣
۾鳼аִ㵹붼Զס
ֲľָָָָԼһʼҲΪڣʲôˣ˵˶ĴĿ
ԭϲһ˵ʱԸٰάЦЦ
ľȴȻɫǰٰάϲͼĴŽаٰά˾ǴˣϲҲǷǲ֡άֻΪ˽һнΪˣȴҪ˰ۣⲻƽҿԲˣҲɲϲڣҵά



ѵõů, Ŵ麣µһǡôľĶϣģģһߡ
վڴ, ΢΢㶹Ŀ
ľԴأΪҿ˽ڽϾͬΪ٣֪ôһˣͲܺúദ
һС, һؽѵˡҲֻ֮ܿ䰵ӿ, ɵΪʲô֪顣
زԼĹǣһʼͲľԼ⡣
ľԽ׽˾Խ侲Ĳ̡ϲ, 뾡һа취նиһĿܡľѣ캮£ͬЦ֣Լ⣬ľֻͿġ
ܹٽһľԱܿȫпܱĽӴ
Ϊβȥ뾸Զ˵仰һ, ͣҲӦҡ֪ھڴ, ԼѵλϣܿĹڡ
Ŵ㼸꣬ľɵýô˵, ô֪ϣ
⣬ؿԼҺүգۼס
ǰҪүҲɵɵ˵ס
ȻǺη
һ䡰ϡʵ̲ס, һųºܷЦЦǰϣЦ˲ųŬŬ°ͣ㿪
ľһͷˮƿޱ
һ˲ľ۾ЦЦñѵõůá
еֲЦˣֻҪЦù죬ھû
ڵޱҲȷֻά˲һջЦЦᴽǣûȥˡ
ľһűߣ·ʱһšûô˵ģȻʹУ㹻飬ھ군ˡ
һЩڽ֧ڵϣǿססǸŵķЦ
ľһۣǰЦһģ
ȥԺһߣתȥľߡ
һΣںȻͣ£·УС·
ǽһ·ʯ·᫲ƽ˵رߣ񵹵ȷпܻӡľͷ絷⣬·
һΣںȻͣ£·ˤ˿ɲҡ
·ˡľһϿҵ˲½ţ棿
ڵüͷһ㣬ƺܲĴ𰸡
ľһͷˮؽͷţи̲סЦĲ²⡣
֣·̫ˣҪǣ
üչ֡
ľҧŴЦˡ
͵͵ڵģڷʮָָۣûҡ
ڡ
˵ƽ
ɡ
ǣŲǻϣ
ûУؽҴƫˣҲϵ桭ľڽΣյиĿڣСү׳ֳأɣҲ£ǣ־ȻŤŤҶ
ΣգھǵɽҲ޿ֵϣʲôʨϻǣһֻСèˣ
иƲõǺүʵǼѵõ£Ͼڴ֮ǰѵ۶ûܳɹһЦһЩο
Ǯûˡ⧲
һЦٿȻ˿ࡣ

һ˳ȴǰæЩ
ľֻմ鷿ȥһκҲٴţֻǿǷʳÿȥͷ
һľԸ˷ȥʱгӻ
Ҫ붬Խ䣬һϽ˪Ҫڣ˼ʱҪ˪ľű̺ȫʵʵֻ¶һŲӵԴְ̺ʲô
ݵ̿ȱ˸ľԺһľְ̿˳ȥԼӡԼĻ˵סܲ͸磬ޱãôҲţʡЩա
Ҳֲֻ÷ԸÿΪľһӡ
ӷŽ½ʵŽ򿪰ڵǰһ̫ǧİݷһָʹõģ˵ǿҪˣǰһŮҵʫᣬһȥ
ںǱвͨˡľ̺ϣȥ˵Ӳʣš
һƣѰ˸ʵĵط׼СһٿȻۣŴ𣬡ٽָʹǷù
ԣױ̨İûһ룬ľѾȲ쳤ȥӡ
´򿪣վһԣ鲻һ˿ǣҾݲ̫ȫ
Ȼܰȫľ˦̺ӣҴææȥЬֻҪڱNڣûܶǡ
ȥںءľаͷҲصܳȥ
鷿Ŵգϰһŵͼ
ľŽȥӿ룬ӿŽƤͼһǡ
ʶԼ̫³çľǸЦЦֽŹϡ
ôˣڿ
ľаָʹǲ˵Ҫҵһۡ
ˡ
ȥ
һ𿪿ڡ
Ҿܾˡľ򿪰ָĵַȻдԧ֡
ʱ̫˵Ļһ飬ȻһȥԧǶΡ
̫ἰԧָʹƫƫסԧҾڰʾҡ
ڰʾʲô
ľҡͷ̫Ȼ뽫ɵָʹϣ֪ɣȴںδ
ԧʲôطѭѭա
ĻĵطľѯƵɫ
ٴȥżԧλΪĻ֮
鷿ڳľ򴽣Լ̹Ȼ󷽣Ϊڴ˴һλҡ
ڵͷʣ³Σ
ųնͶһ
ڶ࣬˵λŮΪ¹һŮ
ܻºӡľԥط
NûͨǸ⡣Ϊ˱֤ѪͳĴ˾ͽֻ뱱NŴͨ飬ȥϣУݱŮӽԲºӡҲΪλԭ
ʱж׵΢ʣԵгһջƹȨΪ̬ȣľԲߣҲûӵĿܣҲңֻһľǸ˿в˻λ
ﶼֺοŮӡ
ڵΪβܣԧݺܳɼ깧ضǰٰ谮Ůӣɷˡ
ľֿȻĬ仰أһִ󵨵뷨
һ׵Ĳ²⡣
Ц⽥𣬡˵
Ѳλָʹǹĺӣ                        
лҪ˵ôҵù

Ѻ

ȻѾ²⵽һ, Ϊβһȥ£غȻ
磿
λָʹǹĺӡ
ְǰҪĸɸɾ, ͸ñˡľ˾֪꣬ɸѡ֮ϸм붼ܸһ
ҡͷطϲϸ񣬺ο˱˾, ȻҪȳס
˭
ڵ, ݿة˹ġ
֪ģľһֱԼӰ룬Ȼ֪Ψˡ
Ƕ, ڵĹϵҲĲ˵ôԸܣһ֪
ͨ˸˹ĸеˡͣСŵӶǵˣʲôǶѾǵĵˡ
ͦ
ʮֻӻԾľǰڵ˳ᢣͼԴ˻Ѻү, ûԼǮ
Ǯʹĥľ, ڵĲֲ֡ڹĵһ£˵̫Ǻˣ
Ҳδأ˽, ҪһڽСĲڵͼϣۿһľ, պڸУҪš
ľ΢㵣պ̫ǧպҪݷңָʹҲպȥ硣˶٣мֵǣպ󾿾к£
֮󣬳ϷֵҪѺ˻ġǱߴϢӱƹҲһµ¡ǶԺҪǲݡڳ
ӴĻǲãĿľǻλһսɽܿڴһ١Ϊ˱ƹɹݲõҲϧ
ҲܸһȥľԽǡ
ҪѺ˱ģرȻҪڳ
ʱܻһս޷֤ܻȫڸУ㡣
ľֹջšüͷ
̫ŮӣӦָߵӣ޹ɢ̫ѰӻӦ֮󣬸˹ĵ˻Σļˡ
ָ̫ʹһŮвһľȥ䵱ǵʡ
ЩõۣȻЮľ˼ܹҪһЩۡ

պǸϸɵҹµգ䲻ȴ϶
֧𣬻ͷѵ˸ȴüľվͬüĹ
ľصİΣ˴ֱԼֻȼˡԷϤݵΣΪȻ·ش˲֪

үǰ⽫йȥһӣڴ˴ľҪǰˣЩ͸㵱ͣҪʧˣЩ͸ᡣ
ֱͦʮֵľΪ˺үҸΪԼСҲҪÿ
ӦѺ˵ſڣľŻεŽŴȥλСأ
ڻ˵
븮ʱһۣ˲޹򣬶ʵʵŮӡʱֿʧֽˮϣƵٻѣҲû˽ذ׵ĿܡҪľڴֵ̿ľ飬ǵᱻвƾ齫˽ѵһ٣˵һˡ
ûÿڻȴĵߣȥλС㡣ľ֣ùľʩϵĺϡ
ԭڵġҲã䣬˽ĺø˸ģľŲŲڵϡ
λԶԶľǶһ㶣ع񣬡Ů
ɣҽǽģͲ˾ˡľףϵЦǳŽ׵ĺãмλߵϡ
λ˼һսսһȴݲȡ
ľҲδǶˣʩʩȻ£֧Դ˲ͬķӦм˼λ˭̫ǧ˭ָʹã
Ů飬Ҹ̫ءݲȵĹ︣һ
ľֿɫɷ׵Ĺ
ŮŮ뽿ǹҲһӷƱŤЩΡ
£ֲˡľһƽ˵仰Ƽ뽿һ
ͨ˼ľĿη弸֣ǲ»治ô뽿Ȼ֪ʲô˲ã׵ģҲôŻ֪ΣأľʱҲš
ô룬ʵҲмֿ
ľתۿ飬ϵҲмְ֮ɫҲ˶ѡѲ֪Լĸʲô
飬һؼʲôʱˣľЦɫı顣
ģ̫̫ϡǿ̧̧ǡ
ľЦһŶϮףٴһ´ʱ񻹲Ĳ顣
Щ
ͼΣһƪͷôˣ
һƽҸѰ˵ܱһ
⻰ֱ̫̹ףľһ㶣뽿һ飬Ϲڵϡ
ľ΢һüŵӣĿһʲô
뽿г־壬΢΢Ц顣
ľ˼ЦݼСͲ̫Լ˼ϲŭдϣҲײ࣬Ϊ黹ǵá
ȻѾ˴ƣľҲͲ˼չʾŵݼԳŷ뽿ŬŬ°ͣˣô룬˵ͳɹء
ĹһۣƽʱԼһ
ľҡͷ֪ʮþȣԷ̬
ǳôһ̯£ǿڹ˽ܲƽϣ˵ƽϵķЩôЧ
뽿ʱɸӣסͷŮ޹أֳ⣬ֳѾڲˣ뿤Ůһ
ļ̌Сָüëֿ飬㲻飿
һɬЦЦۿһ죬ΪΪ˴ۣҲӦе顣
⻰ʲô˼ľӡ

ľһ·šü˼طоԾþδƽ
ӷ£ɫǵ黹δ𣿡
ľ˵ǾԶˣģµġ
һ̫࣬ľЩ֣Щۣ˯һ
˯ϲ˴ţͷغú뿪
ľЬϴƤ𽥷Ŭֿһǵв˯⡣



Ŀ֮ľİĻ
Һɫɴ, ɫĵ̺ĿĹ߱һҲɼ
ľڴϣİķ䣬, ̾һδģȴҲ˵ĵ̡
ġ
ľŴֽ͸ŵߴӰ֪ԼӲ
һ´šǰķεʿŵһ˲, ѾĲϡ
ľʶͷ, ƽؿɷʿǵˡ
ѾǼҳ㷹ôεİ, һεõġľҲĿĲϵõһЩĿǰû֮ǡ
ܿ
ǰŮӣľһֱƽԳѺ, ֳͣ˳, Ҳѹ֣ذ½ҽߵҲֻˡ
ԺڶڵˣΨһ˵ĵطľķ䡣ľķһֻ֪ܵܵǷԭˡ
ڴ, 촽úܸߣ죬ھԶһˡ
ʵ, ʵҲˡ
ľɫΪҪͶģˣ
ǱNˡӴǰΪԼľһ衣
豭ݸľľûӣҲ⣬˭˵N˾һҪΪN𣿡
϶ҲͶģľ׷ʡ
⵹ûУϰȻ̰˵㣬һȭȭ֮ȴɡתɫĲ豭֪꣬ҵݣһڴӵۡ
ľϻżɽҪ㱳ˡ
˵ҰĶǣƹղܻ
ľһĶ
ı߾ԽƬɳĮʮǡ
ľ𽥷ĵطУĬϱNıһսĽ°߾ҲζսԶˡ
Ұʲô
أľסлҡ
ӦõˡӦܿ죬ʧٺ׷һͱ׷ˡһּּĵؿܽ㡣
ľϾ̽񾿾к壬عмֻɣΪνʲôң
ֻæģ鲻ҵ¡뿪ߵűʱͣסŲͷˣҰԸҪúд㣬ۡκεط㶼ȥ뿪еѡɭϣοҲԼ֣ûӣǽ
˵ʩʩȻ뿪
ľۿԼ·˻ϵ˰ȻҲزס

֮ҰȻˣһֵͬĻҰĸףҰ롣
ľش⸸ȷ׸ӣ߷ơͬҰй̲ѪսɳʮҰ뷴ºͺܶࡣ
Ұܲ˰ܺ󻹻Ȼϵӣھɱ㣿
ľգۣŵ۵һҺ°˶٣ҪӦ𣿡

ȻҰû뵽ܵϷˣ𣬱ҧס
ҰЦеؿ㲻𣿡
һ걻ΣңҲ¡ľֱοˣʲôһ̸
ĸ׺񡣡ҰȻ
ľЩ⡣ĸþ͹ˣĸײûӡߵˣҲĸסľȱĸĸ׻ģҲӲʼĸ׵¡
ĸһλıNҼһΡҰ۾ƺڻ
ľشҵǰǰͬı顢ͬٸһղ˵Ļ𣿡
ҰУĸΰҲ¸ҵʿ󣬾κ
߶ȻҰס
Ұ뵹ǲľĻҾð˼ֻǺϧ
Ѳľ֪ģԭӲ̫ãľûܰȥ
ľûĻȴġ
ʱ뱱Nս֮ʡӦ֪ǵλȵۣ߳ӵĲԣ֪ȫһֲ̣֪֧סԮʱλȵ۲ûгԮ
һľѧ͢ɷԮ
Ұ뿴룬ЦŵȻNǳˣΪ֪ķˣЮҲĸףҪЮȰ˵ȵ۳
̾˿ϧЮֵĹвĶ̥ʹʱδܴӹŹ߳
ľüֱҰ뾸ԶĹϵ
Ľ°ľżҲὫڵĹϵҰӡ
Ѳɿɱĸ˵ĶӣҲǿãȻһʬҰЦһԶͨ󣬿²ɷ֪£
ľû
˺üεҰҵĻᣬԽڽԶĸ׺ĸףС֪أԶһ˻ˡ
Ұڻ¹𣿡ľЦ
Ұԭı˲佩ϡǰһֻ׷ҧ컯֮µҲҧ˺ôһͨӴԺҪƵߡ
һصӺһĪĳ衣֪˭ŵĹȱ֮󣬹ҲӰڻܶꡣ
ʼٸ߾վǰ̧°
Ұ˲䱩𣬼ߵľǰסĲӡ
֣Ұŭȡ
ףҰȻԸ
˵һΣ֡Ұ
ҰΥ׵Ļϵľּ˼֣ľ۷ףƿ
ĹȻܲסҡײϣӻڵأԼĲӴڴں
ɫ԰ף촽ҲһƬϣȴɴִһĹ
㣡
ҰԭѾ߻ȥȭͷת׳ֱ
Ұ뽫סԼߵľǰ£µؿѰ
ŵϢδ⣬ľûشĻҰȥҪЮNʵۣԴѰ
ľ˳ǣҲһͨĿǵΪвһ֣
ǲܣΪѰҰƶЦԱNĻʵ뱱NľԶҪ
ļ̌ͷ۾ڹǰԶȸ˵ҪܹģŻ뾸Զ׸ѡ񡣡
ѡ㡣ҰЦŻڱصãԶץǵһЩ£ǻݵ㡣
ľٿȻü
ȻУԶЩҪֵǮ
أľ
ԣǻҪʮǡ
Ρľ³֡
ʮǱN̵һߣʮʧأڱNŴ󳨣׸⡣
ɱNѾҲڶ֪ıN㸺ֿҲסáҰؿ
ľ磬ɴ࿿ӱۡ
ҰһЦҪʮǻʱԶҲܾˡУȷֵǮԱNڵıľٱʮĹҲֿɵõ顣
ľһ㾡ȥһ䣬ľӪŲȮʱϣҰ˴ˤʱҪ̫ĳ󡣡                        
лҪ˵Ұܻ죡¹ȫҶ¹
ģľ£Ұ

δ

ľʵѰ˼
ҰһԸּ嶯, ˺Ϊɱġ
ϵһˣһ̶, ĵֻӰ죬ӰԶһŮܴﵽЧ
Ӱĳ֣NͻиأôľҲǲġ
ϧľ˼ѾҰ, ҰҲ˽ѵ, ȻԼˣҲûľľǶԣȷмֵ
, ҪҰдľһЩźһߵϲҰܻû취ӡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ľȻܶĿѣͬʱҲѧ˿֡
ľܵǺڣʲôʱ˯ʲôʱ˯ʲôʱʲôʱ, Ұ˱Nĳӡ˵̫ãľѾĳ, ЩԲϰЩʽ
żľ˱N϶ļɫͤľ˵
ҰĶˡ
ľһͺĻ䣬εЩͷͻȥ
ڱNһ㣬Ұĵ̣, 죡ž죡
һʼԼķŭľѾܺƽĵ˵
ȥʲô
ӱƹɹˣϧԶʹ˵С, к㡢߱λͱ˳ӡŶĻʵλԲ˳ַмܲסֻܱѹҰǧȥˡ˵ĺɣȹϼת˲Чһ㡣
ľһĻòҲ̶ãػصͤšĵ죬жùꣿ
һҡô뾸Զˣ
ЦģǶ֮ɱĸ֮𣬻ܺúһ𣿡
ľĻһ̣Щ㾿ϲڻ
üΪЩĪģﻰⶼڷָһֻ˲һ𡣿ڵ̬Ҳ˼ϲڵӡ
ֻǼҸˡ̲衣
ľʣҰˡ
ҰǸжװ״̬ĶسԴ˵ģСլϵġ
һֻһֻü
һԵ뿪ͤҰҲȻ⣬ͤһʱֻҰľˡ
ڡҰֺǺǵһ߶һľ˵
ľҲֻͨۻƵ񣬡ǲҼȻܲΪԼɡ
λ̫ҲһҰڵ
ľ򴽣۽ſڣ֪
ݺĵС̫뿪ǰݸʱ־ȴ·ͨԨ
һʼͼΣʮ꣬һãŴչȭšҪ¾ҪȨȨζŸ˹ĵҪȨ
ʷѧʦһеƢֲԾʱҪϱֻ͢Ǹ˹ĵΪǿһ̫ػᾪ͢ת̫صĶ֣һʮв
ݣԮڴʮĸ˹ļˡʱ˹ĵֻǰݣδݰ˺ԼʮѡĬѡ޶á
ˮ֣ڿһʲôˣôҰġڻסΨһŮѺ˳Ǻ·ء븶˹ĵͬھ
ʵԲ˵
Ұۣ̾˿ûͷûԵһ⣬һû˭֪ұִССʮΣֻһǺȹһս
ʵһδػ䣬ǵȻʣΪ˽Լй֪󲿷ֵıҵʱˣֻˣһ̣ǵȻҲδɱԮûʵй֪Ҳסʮǡ
ľ˵гء
Ұս֮뱱NǩԼǵıNգ˸֪ڹûܴӮǳ̣NĹԱ֪ñNܴ衣
ľ׵ɫǱNֵӵһλʿ
Nǰ䣬佫ӣЦǻɼıNʱڿ佫عš
ʵۻӹ鳼ղ֪ߵĽʿǴǳ¾ɵ£õıֻ֪ø˰ŽʿǣʿǾͱҪǡ
ս֮󣬱N޶Ҫ̯ͷϣǶ佫Թ
ĳڣӽ£ɵǱNĵطľҲЩߺ֪ʤսİǣԶʱһĭ
ȹ⽫ʿʬδػİȴǰǡʵһҵʧܡ
ҰԭʳĻüţųеҴܡ
Һܺ棬ĹңΪλĸԸΪΪеĶֵÿޣ֪ͬ޴
NǰȷڶཫʿġľǴǰҰΪܽĿڹڵıNǰһΪΪ˱Nȥ߽
ľֱֱͦɫ࣬һһ䣬
ĸԸΪĹԶֵþη
ҰĬſľãȻЦҷֿһ˼ˡ
ľ治ɫؽĻаɣNҲЩ˼Ǳǰġ
ЦҰһ࣬۾ԴЦ⣬ڣҺڴ뱱Nһսˡ
ҲڴʮԭǱNĹΪսķߣ˵ʵܱɡľ
ҵ׳ҲʷԶʤдʷ֮ϣ˲űɡҰȻľĻսϽѾµĹ򣬶˵ĳ嶯浽ΪǵĻ룬ֻ֮Աǵ̬ȡ
ľվɹû¾ִݻӣչ˻ȤҰլǽȫͿһ顣
ǣҰҲͿͿʱл滭츳ԱNĻҲŨȤÿջ˵Nĵϰףʱһ졣
֪Ķϱһ⡣ҰЦϧĸ״Ųͬ⣬Ҳ⵽ʲôŻ㲻Щ뾸Զһ𡣡
Ļľһ顣Ұ˼ȻңɽľһײٿصСͼڵĳͻ
ľݼһ㣬˳Ұ˼ȥˡһĿɳ˵ܰһϧľݼ׾ӵǸ˶һۿ
ľͷҰ룬ҰͲҪ׷ˣʹ뾸ԶʲôޣҲ˽£ڹǰԶվһߡ

ҹ

Խٽ, ǵ߾Խ
ľһɫѺۡ
һصķ羰³г, بʮ֮һѺۡۺҹ磬ΨһԶǺڵģֱΪҹ족
ľͬһ˳Ŀһ⿴۾Ц澰Ӱ˰, ÿ, Ϊ˾̾
ľӣųڣ
ݿڱNϱ, ȥǧ
ÿ궼һˡһߵĳ̽ͷ
Ұ뱱NѾýʵĵطҰȴľ뼪УδⱱNԤ·
Ȼ㼪Ϊ£ҲȫȻż, һȫ̶ľ
ʮ⣬ķ, һ뱱N˴İҪóٳôһطȲڱN಻ġ
һһջס¡
˵صĿջΪ, ûȷĵ̣ͻġƹǸˣľǵʱڹ̨̡
ľгһͬ, õ˷ơ
ط㲻Ӱƺȥ򣬵վ˿ľ
ľڷкȲ裬ſţˡ
ָŽյĴ⡱ѵǲü˵ڴһҴӴأ
Ϊ֮ɷĻȻ˼һ£űԸˡ˵ķԸ¥
ľƿ
֮УûдСջһƬӲݷ賤˸ߡøɻƣҶҲɿݶޱȷ˵ЩڳĲס˵棬һȥǰȵࡣ
ȥڳŷֹܵмǰСľ°Ϳ˻عϴ
ľˮɵ˲ȥ
Żľ˯࣬һϮ£ױصĵ٩ȥĶɨĹˣ
һۣ㿴·ȥˡ
ľ䳰ȷȻҰǰϹ󳣳ƽ̬Ȼ
¥¶Ĵ󣬼һۣոϵɣջƹһ輧裬Ҫȥ
ľûŵˣǴ˵ҿҾͲȥˡ
֮ȻȥʾʱˣһŵıNҰûĹ涨
ҰǲǾ̫ʵˣ
¥ľջСȥԺϷ̨
Ϸ̨ȻʱȻֲڣҲ㽲
뱱Nͬ˴Ϸ̨°ڵĽǺʡСĵӣĽСҲͰˣʷõľĸߴһñסԼ˫ȣҪж
ľ˽Ұѡ˸˶ûˮĵطҪĿ꣬ȲһľԱߵĺϣΧȦڡ
ڲԶ˴뱱N˴̸ЦЩһֱ߾İܳ͢ĵ˼ϴԡǶԣһ飬Ҳп֪ĺѣȨ֮ĵ⽣ӰѪһһ㣬ʮǧԶ
ջĿ˻½½ľȲ£˫ִϥϣضһЬ⣬תͷͬļȻỹдϷӰɣ
дϷҪ˾԰ģĲ̨ϡҵЦ
ľԴ֮һЦ겻ĽȢ÷Ϸ룬ļ԰⽭ɲžϷӣùл͡
̨µĺʽ̨˿ʼաУ輧ǳ
޳ӣϸ֫ɴµո˼죬ɫɴ֫ڶڿз
ĵŮӽԳüߣЩܸ߹NӡֳŵǻÿһЩ
ľ̨ϵ輧գһۣգۣգۺ󣬽ԴС
ŤôۻƾƵġ
̨ϵ輧ɴϳ˭˭ص£һ
ְ磬ʱҲΪġ絣ٹ֮찵ãʱҪЩαװװװԷװװ̻װװ
ٲ߲ܽˣ˾вˣΪ˳ǲòѧϰֱ¡趼С£ľʱӣʱᱻ֦·˾ҵá
ùҲۣһԼӴ磬ɴмֹҵĽġ
˵ˡȷʵǳЩҲһ̨ӣҲΪ˿裬ȫע¶֫ɻһָϡ
Ҳ㹻ľ硣
͵͵Ц裬¶˷ֲԾ
̧ͷʱƳԵļҲ̨ϣޱ顣
صǼ⣬ǰ¶ľҲȥ˾ϵ⼸ˣ϶ʶɹӰΣɴ֪Ƿϳˡ
ľЩ֪ݼãðȥֻ̽ǿװ򶨣һֱ̨ϡ輧˳
ϸȳġˡǰˣѽѽϷǻ㲻ôˡ
ԭֵĺԺɢȥľߵ߰˰ˣҪȥ֡
ղһ裬˵Ҫȥʵ
˸һľǰ˸һӣɫһŮȥ֣˸ȥ𣿡
ҪԳɣΪ֮ˡΪ֮˵ͷľǰһ˾㲻ҲҪš
ľҪȻͬȥɡƳһΪ֮ˣʱǲỹҰɣ
Ϊ֮ԥһ£˿ڣȥء
ҰˣȴûаѼľ˫ʱ
һ·һԣ·Ȼͣ¡ľҲͣ¡
촽ӳȥԶ𣿡
ľɫһ࣬䱸ض
ƾʲôΪ˳ȳأԶôˡ
ľлüʲô˼
ȹƣ֪ķ˽ǳУΪԶλġ¶м飬һµС·ðںȹأԼȴڣȨƣֻ졣ľмһɱĸ֮𻹶ص㡣
ȫϣߵˣһù
ľΣ
Ρڳһı飬ȷܺãΪҴŹȥҾԶߵ߹ɡ㻹Ӳ֮㻹ҪҾ㣬ȥء
Ļìľš
ʯ·һףңҲٻȥ
ǼҪܣľǷȥҹҲһܡľҧҧ輧ڵĺ̨ܡ
̨ʱһȡһ鼫ȡʱ·ͷһ
ûһԸȲ˵Ӻᵶ˵ˣ˵һʱʱǵ棬ǴЦǡرҲ˵ġ
ŰԴϵü
ˡľЦ߹ȥʾͷ
Χ
ʱ䲻˵ʲôϽ˵ľֱ߼ϣӨ͸ӻһء
Ұڿջŵ̫࣬ǻɰл֣¿»ܾȥҧҧͷϵקҰҿջգǧҪ˯ţʱһ
ʱæ˵꾡ľҲʡȻǱ֤ǽļƻ͸ȫĵΡ
ˣĶľʹ
ЩΪѣүүڻгǣģպүӿȥҴұ֤ͼľԼҺүʵǺܹ
޷ǵļƻǡľڰ֣ҪҲ뿴ںۻƾƵӡ                        
лҪ˵ΪҸ̫

׽棩

һطûʲôŨصζ, Ϊĵ겢һʱ䡣
ֵû/ڵ̯ӣҪðıN˲ΪʮҪ֡
ٽ, ޶
ľ££ϵ磬ŽֵĴ
һЩƣҪһ𣿡űߵߵţҲûľͬ⣬ƽ
һ, һĺֽдš𴺡, ʼŤˡ
һѵý𣿡ľ׾پͽϵĺֽ˺־һ֪ԼģƵӣƭЩûȹ𴺵, ˭ϵϵǼ
ЩʲôǾƣƷ֮𣿡ҿƷ⡣
ľתȥһƣһʱĬãҲģ
ƵϰҪ꣬ľһһ, ͵ġǺľϵı߷һѣֳֻ, Լľһơ
ˮǣľǵڱд˼ת뱭ףû
ʱ, ľһΣ˵ҲûɷᷢƷ裬ҲʶԼľ𻨾һ¶, ҾƣȻһ㣬Ҳмܲסġ
ҰջᵽⷽӣǴžͻڽжһ磬Ǿˡ
ȣҲԹԵؿʼԼȣӲԼȳһɾٱ⾳
Щˣ¶ȹˣƲӾơЦһ
϶ʱѲϰԺˣľһۡһλ϶ڽϵλҲͰɡ
϶Σ⻹Ҫ͢ɫ
ľ̷༥϶ﶼ͵ҪѿرNȫˮˣôòΣõͦ
Ѳɾͺÿ
Һòÿϲ𣿡
˭ûϲˣ
ŭĿԲӣһתͷ
һ˵ףϲŸ죬мɫžƱľѲЩͨ˵ûֵǮ
˵޼ۡľ
Ϊε꾸ԶҪСԶð㣿Եɵɴ˸ãԸʮһ
ľʱһ۽յķţѹʼ˵⻰ʲô˼
ûʲô˼˾Ʊ
ľƽӵˣһúõĻ˵ףҪڰڡֲȥҪʲôﻹݵС
ɺ޵ǣߵ˶ϲô˵ԵԼʮָĪӡ
ľϲǱ֮ʵץӷΡ
ƫƫ˵仰ʩʩȻ뿪ǵľó˰
Ұŵһ·糾ͣͷȻǴæϵ
ľ¥£һ߰ƹдһ߳ƹİ͸ĵġҰ߽һɳۼֿؽĶߡ
Ұǻɳ磬ϵɳĸɾ߹дʲô
õġľīǰקһЩҵԶһ㡣
ƹǱNˣȴջ޷ȥꡣľʱÿдһʱдһ
Ұɫһ࣬ȴ֮ǰҰҲ֪Լڵʱľ˺ַά
Ұм˵ˣNʵ뾸ԶȻݣֱЦһŮˣѲǻΪ㲻˳ֲǡ
ľһʣȻҶԻ뾸ԶҪץвʲôǮ࣬ǵשǮ뽫͸ʾĵĴ󷽣
ֽīľƹġƹ˫ֽӹмЦЦηһҰת뿪
ˣƤӣҰͲľĶ֡ıףȴĲҰô
һεıѹǿɹӸδȣδʱ򲻸뱱Nս縸˵NʵΪľսû㹻İܽһս

վǶõĽʵӣľ⿴ܵһ
ľԾͼԼܹѣȴľԮ
ٰģɴཫʣһ˷⣬һһźãÿеһơ
ȻҺȵģֻʵеû¡
ĴȻ򿪣Хĺ͵عľһ£Ťͷȥ
Ϊ˭׼ģѲΪңڳһ죬Ǻд׳ֵľƺЦ
ľ㶵罫ͷüȴº͡
ʲôؼˡǰһƺ·Żϡ
ľŻع񣬽ͰͣҽƱ硢ǣҹ硢ҲǣԽǽţľԽǽͲ壬ƹˤˣǾǰɡ
˭֪һŮһһ͵Ļ׳ƣ˭֪д𴺣׳Ƶһûд
һ֪ҲҪڱ޿ı鶺Ц
ľ֪ΪʲôҲɵǺǵЦ
͸󿪵Ĵľĺҹͨ˸Ȼ֮ʣһƬ˸ߺˮˡ
ľһվűߡ
ڽ뻳ʱű˺߿ľŴ󵶣ŵĻѾûȡ
ڶտޱߵɳĮ֮У֮£ǡ
Ŷ֮ʣˡ
סľ۾ڣҡ
Եģḻ̌סڵڰ֮Уоڴ˴ߣһķ߹ι
ľֻһ뷨ô죬ᱻҵġ
Ԥ֮еĴ̹ǵıˮûг֡ƺľϣľڻ̧ͷŷһСϡѾһëǰ
ڽӹ磬ľʵʵضסΪϵϵ
ľͷѾɸɾĿջͨĻ⣬ҹȼɴ۵İ硣
׼˵ʮһʲô˼ˡ
Ŀڵ֣һŵָѾĿջָڷˣջ滹мʮ֪𣡡
ڵͷһ۱ֱֽǰΪϵϵ֪û˻
һУҰ˶ˣǲľǸҪʣϿľˣҰȻ˰ţⱱNͻȻˡ
ûʮİܾȳľҲ
ӣNһֱûжٵʵһ죬ҰȻ˸ľȴȻ࣬Nʱſʼ˵Ŀ΢΢
Ұÿľʱûˣ˶ʱӲðȡڵȵľ˶ࡣ
ֻҪסڸΣٷһⳡУסڿջҰ¶ڸԵķ䣬Щڰ˱ȻѡȾԼͬšЩˮڰŵģĿľڸЩڰˡÿ䶼ȥȣʱľߵĿطġ
ЩͬԻ޹ס͡
ľۼſջƹ߹ڱȭүջеסѾȫȫתƳˡ
ľզ࣬㲻ǡָָԼĺָָ䣬Ȼ
ѹֹһȺܻջ輧Ӧϣ
ǴͷβڹǸ
ľתͷŭڡ
ʮ޹Ҳ֪ԼݼҲġ
ҪľȻҪ֤ƻһʧͷβľ˵˿ܷġ
ƻܣľֱӵݼϡ
Ц쵽ľǰˡ
ľͷϣҲȥ
ˡ˳ƽס
ľţȽ
ƻ㹻һʧΪȵǺ»вء
˽ڻУܷһ᲻á                        
лҪ˵ֻҪƻúãСүڱ֮һſĵǳһݲȵȫˣľǰװ˱



ľʱڻС
˶Դ, ľڵ򥡣֧ŶͷСϣѾ˯ˡ
ҹ̫, ɫֻľûϸ
ЩĻȶȴǰ»һƬࡣľϣϸ̺, ߽ǱҴס
ľһ, ̴׼˯һ
ˣڵָͷ
ľͷδȫ۾, ҳˣ
ûСüͷһ࣬Щãˡ
ľ˳Ʊס˴, ҰҳԷŰ, ֻҳ˵ͷ
˵ϹȻ֪ľǺξҲֻǷ, ᵽϣͷļ򣬡еʱ
ڵִľ, ľֻϱԽԽܲڵĲһ£§סĲӡ
ԭӦǸ侲ܰʱûһҧסĲྱ
ڡľƲ
ѹ£סָ̧ͷҧסĴꡣ
Щݣĥֱһʹۿʱʪȴίί̧ͷһѾسֱ룬ݽ
ʮָۡ

ϸϸǾľ߾ӨˮգڲǷһʯһ㣬С
ľУ˿ң°͸ļѣ΢΢
һָǴɫ޵ù쳣Ҳ˾ӡ
ǹڡľ߷ߴ˲֪ļһĻΪʲô˵£Կ
Цһû˵ֻǰԵıںС
һ·ʻгǡ
ڽľ·ãǣ
ǵǰ滹һҲˣľȻǲʶֻǸо֮˽ǣЩ
Ǵʶˡ
ľǰȥһһŮģһԷ򸾡
˼ڣǰһľԿǼӿ˽Ų쵽ǰʱֿ⻺£׺͵Цݣʱ
ڵ־ͽʱݰǶ˽ԽүҲľżڣû˸ҽ֡ǰ֣֮ܽӦ׽֮˲Ŷԡ
ղԣľ˵
ɫ䵭Ա£
˼ڵ̬ȣԲã̰ʱǶԾ˾˵̬𣿡
Ů̳˳˵ӣһۣЦڵʱǺôҲĳ
һһϵĺܺá
ĸƼҶϾϵλǱʲô΢סŮ˶ľͶĴĿ⣬ǣľֱ˸
ԼǶڵԲࡣԻӦڵľ˾˾ĸȻϵá

뿪ľסߡʵԺӵĸڣ·顣
ͻطʹ뿪ֱľס
֪Ǻүи˾𣿡
Ȼһ£ЩΪѣͱˡ
ڲ˵
ǵҲǡ
ľЦевǾ˵˵ٸ֧裬ҪϴǸһģ·ҲҪһģ˿
и˾˵ġү߿Ӧòʲô£ڿϣүȻᷣġ
ǷԭƼҵŮ
Ƽһ޼֣ʮǺպүʱ˷ˣһȥ˱޸үֻȳүرȲѣжϾ˹ϵ
ȹһأ˴Ų¼иѰƼҰȴƼҾ֮⣬󲻵⣬Ȼ󡭡һһ
ľܲ¸šֱϡȨ㳯ҰƼʱ۲ȨƣȲһֻǵƼ飬ֻǣѾ御ˡ
ߺ˻ʱľʧ٣ҲǽŻˣûʲôˣһۿˡ콫бŵһгزһѣū澷ȥģϰ嶼˵óԡ
ѵüôڡľͰЦ
Ʊѵ۴ģľдűƽǻڵģ˸Сһ
ʱ֣ľ̤ԺţڵԺʱ￴һۣԺơסŲתԼԺӡ
дĻƣϼƽһһ飬ҹʱƿǴ˺ѳһӡ
ڶžƱǽͷж
̧ۿȥľǽͷ˫ִţ۾ؿڣҡ
Թǽͷʲôñʲôһ֦ӳǽǰڵǽǵȻûϵҲ⣬ΣնҪֹϰߡ
Цһȥ
Ųߣôǽȴſ֡
ƽ֮£϶һĹ⣬βٹˡ
ľһ㶣㲻𣿡Ѳȥ
ܽסһӡ
š
սսǽͷľ棬ԥĲ𣿡
ڣʲô
ľɵһֻţֻǽס˰
š
Ľס˰

ľһᣬһգһɣ
һ˫ȽסȻȥ
ݵϣľȻۣÿ΢΢ͷĴ

ΪʲôԼӦοڡ˼ƭˣ
ľ˸룬òôԿתͷȥӡ
Ȼֻ߳ŭӣקʹΡ
ڰֳڵϣһţЦľҧгå
ڹˣŽߡ
ľþƺһѵθãôȾơ
ţҴˡЦӦΪ̬ȣƺһЩ
ôȾư
ľü°ͣѵ㻹𣿡
ȻʧЦֽţôڣҸ˻ˡ
ȻܿľˣڲŻµڣǴӹ֪Щʲô
Ƽңʵûи飬ЩݣҲʲô鷳ֻΪѵ֪ľдһţֽȫصرĲ⡣Ҫ˵ûصֱǲŵġ
ȡδλĸ⣬ĵ¡
ľȫ
ٰɵؿļ壬ڣļҺòã
ںһ͡
ľϲңӴԺļҡ                        
лҪ˵أܻ㿴Ҿ˵ˣĻľһĶ֣ΪʲôҪҵģҪľ⹷˵ҪͷҪϷݣ
ߣҲôСүҪҵڳǽҹ1551

ѩ

ʲôСϲ㣿ڵɫȻºͱЩѿ, ļʹľԼ
ľвزס̫£ο, ԭҪ̹ϣԲֻ񻯣Ӳڸķ
ֱڣ侲棬Ұ˵ĸΪҸȰ˵ȻԮ򽫾, ˰ĸ, Ӷĸţ𣿡
ڵĽëһ£ɿ, ľԭĵط
ȷȻˡ
ңΪھΣΪǷľʡ
ǣҰֻΪ㡣
ڵȷΪ֮£һʼͶľעעСһûĹ, ԼҲ
һʱ, ١л硢ߵҹʣǴޱߵĺڰ˼䡣
ԭҲǿǷĲֻǰ顣
ľǰֱԶ׹, ҹץסڵ䣬¶һ̫õЦ, ǳԷȥɡ
ڴۿָһС鲼ϣɣֻҪ΢˦
á̧֣ľָͳӣҡҡ׹

᷿УڿջļҲץڴ˴
վľ󣬡ҿǷ˵ңһŹ˵㣬ûԭҪν㴦á
ľɵشڣбų⣬ôǷˣ
ʧЦֿǷ
Ҷû˵ôֿ֪ǷľȽŻҪʳָͣļ򣬡ǲǣ
ЦһΣҲ磬ֻһ黤ϣվȡ
ڶ
ֻǱ˲뿪⣬ԺȲҲݡ
ҵĻ̼ҵģӵеĻǡ
ľתԼ֪ΪҪҰ¡
ΪҷʬǡԼָ
Ӧǵ˵ģȹһۣԶ֮ܽһΪиС˵ĵꡣǸСҵķʬںδֻҰ֪
ΪԸңľ⡣Ӧú͸ڣڣķҲ
ƾʲôҷҪΪƾʲôҷԲðϢȴƽƣԼϲһ𡣡ԽľָųĬڣк⣬ȴ־Ϊɬҷţÿ࣬־÷Ĳֵá
ֻһͨũŮ÷ϲϷϲϷΪĴ޻ӡ
һӵĻ˵Ҫȥξӿˣ˴󽫾Ȣ
õĽԶֻڻʵũŮˣûȵСɴ󽫾Ȣ
һgһ餣Զǧɽˮ
Ҳɱ㡣ľԴ룬ϣúûŵġ
û˵˭ָ׵Ķȴͣ£β̧ͷʲôʩ᣿
ϣľ򴽣ϣҲҵϣ
ǰԲ飬˼ʧȥֿΨһܴڵģҲֻϣ
ŤŴѩ죬еĿ븯ѹڴİɫ¡ȥֻѩס
վ˵ۡЦһǰڰ֣Ҫ˸ߣ߰ɣͦ۵ġ
뿪᷿ľŷѾѩѩ׷ͥǰ
ڽӹĺãΪľϡë޵ΧĲӣСëסñãֻʣһ峺ɾۻ¶š
ڣľŴʵĺһֻ֣ë¶ͣ㻹ǵüķ𣿡
ǵáڴۣľִԼ
Ǹָ֪С䣬£ܻãҲܶ࣬˭ֺǺǵЦǱٷѵ⣬ҲЦеģʵǡʿվʱΧ¯ҹԶڿԼδжƯ
ҲҪٰڣڻ뿪ȹء
ûͬ⣬ҶûһԸ⹶͵˴ˣһ·͵ͳǡ֮ʧȥеѡ
ļֳ̌ͷڣҺͼ˵ĻҲ˵ġǻϣ
ץס֣ССһֻ֣ܱȫ£סˣϡ

費Ҫһ飬ǰҲŽ͵ҰϡŴСһͷظľߡ
أѩֵ֣С
ģľֻŵȳԣһ顣
ҪڵĻڵģľʡ
һɡ𣬡Ͼڿѵ
ҲáľͬĿǮ
ĸ˶
ŵģǳǿǰִŵġڣǮҲʣ˵򡣳ȥҲ֪Զ᲻
·һʱľפһ̧ߡ
ѾһλˣȻϰʶһϰ˵һǼҿ׿׻ϲ𣿡
ϰЦĶүô᲻ϲתȡһ壬˳һԵĳɫҼҲһ˫ġ
ҵҵɪ˭֪ǷЦǱ㶼ɡ
ľһԿһͷˮ͵ʼô˶ϲõ֣
ս˼ݣ˽һЩϰףƺϵ߶Уǽֵĺһ֣Ʃľľ
ͽжľЦ
ܽ
аɣľЦЩղסǰϰ׹
Ƿһö׹ѾǷˣż
һ˴Сظڸոջظ
ľһ䣬ɱȥڣ
ڱסͣ۽ס
ľ˽УԴЦֽһڣ
ڿü΢ʲô
ڣľ˵ķףϵ׽֮˶ôУñڡ
Ѿ۵ش˸ľ
ľָŹٱͽй
Ȼֹ
˵ֶʺôС
˹Ĺҵز˲
ǣ븮Ҫʲôľľ
ľϰֵػڣ
üʣٽм
ڣľִ˲ƣȴûע⵽ڵĽŲ졣
ڽŲһת˴ԼԺӡ
ݣľóΪ׹ϻǷ׹ػ㡭
ת
Ų֪ʱˣڿסѹŰϣƣŽʲôٽһ顣
ľ΢㶣ڡ
ڹȽľľֻ֪֪з޲У䡭ڴ֮䡭                        
лҪ˵ҲΪ˴ܹܣΪסһ

鷳

ѩµúܴ, ׷ܽǰµ㼣̸ǡؼ䣬˰ѩ, Ǻ޵ĵ
ľӣؽëӸµؿ̨µˡ
м죬һʱǵ
ǹﴩһѩ׵ë磬źõľǰվ, μ穡
ǲľغС
Ҫұ硣¡
Ŷ, ľˣڵıãڵ鷿һ, ľһ䡣
ڲڼңȥˡľû˼һ˵ĿģЩһ
̨ϵŮɫٲȻһŮ˵ģڵĴһɶ⣬첽̨ףվľǰ, ʲôˣƾʲôҼұ硣
Ӧø߹, ǵҲûжһʵ۵ְˡľգգۣתȥ
ͦġ
ڶ, ľ˵ȫǶڴˣСǼ, Сı棬ѹˡ
ĵյ㣬ľֻһȹԵصͷϻģе㳤֪ˡ
Ҫߺүúү𣿡ʡ
ľҡͷʮǣæˣûҪٸ鷳
ñNĿսڵĻʵ۶ʮѾãNıһսǵĻʵλδȵʱ㽫̴ˣʤ١ȻҪʮǵسǴڽæ¡
ǾЩԷЩͬ
ľгǵĵͼڵ䴫ҵֲһࡣοгƼҵĵ̣ǿѹͷߣܶù𣿡
Ѳ
ļ̌ͷһӡٻ¶ľúЦż⼸ҶජһƼҵĶ
ٹ죬ѾڴľʾԶ÷С޲£ǿȨʹԶίɢһԿԧ졣
δʱЦòûӴϾȥ
ľ̺һˤУܲίʲôǿȨʹڣֱߵǷǣڰײ֣
ڣҪ׾ףҪͱڵǶˡ
Ǹʲô

յѩܵ˽ףݾ¥ǰѩɨɾѵ̨֮¡СӲ䣬ѩ׷֣аˤӣѩֻЦܿ
ϵѩľС᷿һʱ١
ʲô𣿡һϣĴҹ㣬¶ԭ
ûʲôֻһĽгеҥԡľŲ豭ʾ
Ȼ㵹Լɹ·硣
ĸ׵Ľ̻塣ʶǱãô㣬Ҳп˵ˡ
үֲƼҲҵƼҼӷּңѾǰԻ͡Ȩ㳯Ұһ֮£֮ϣ˺ˣȻ
ʲôҥԣг紾ӣֻʵҥԡһڲ裬Щʲô裬ζҲ̫ˣұ磬ֲֻ𣿡
Ҳʲô裬ֻǼÿ춼ȣΪǺò裬˴㳢һڵϲò̫ͬľ豭ƵһߣǸȥڵ˽ûò衣
һ˲ʱɫĲҲǣҲǡ
ľֽһƵǰٳ㡣
Ѿľһ˽ģڵĿһҧһڣͦóԵġ
ҲͦóԵġľ°ͣЦеģֲ̫ڣҳԡ
ǿδĸ㱻÷顣
ɫѾ㹻ѿ
ƼҲһܸžԶߵĿж˲𣬾һ֪ߵغСˣһЩ߻ʵԶҲܲг
ڼȴ˵вݰһĽҪŶգòȻܽ
ұʶˣ֣һ𳤴Сʱ˵ұҪ޵ġùùøսһ꣬¿Ϊͷ磬ûһιľɣ
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ľЦɫ㡣һתֺȻЦѽ
֮⣬ûʵעĿ
ʣľȹǰַסѩи
·˽Աע׷׳߿ͼƼС㴹ͷίҲ˳طλ˵аԧĿôôȵġ
һ˲ŵĽһᣬֱֱˤڵϡ
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ΪԳԼĳû·ͷһůĺɫ멣һʱЩ
̧ͷʢŭӡ
ڽ§ڻѹŭʲô
磬ҡ㾪ʧ룬عָľ뺦ҡ
ڴ֣֮һ򣬵ѩС
ƼˣԺ˼֮ǰȵԼ䲻䡣
һ仰Ѿ㹻ףԶ˭
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£멣ɫѿĶˣ
ûˣˤѩʹľӡ
Цһķ⣬Ĵѩ̶ܽסǹˤģ
ŵľһСȥӡ
Ҳûáڷ֣ˤ˸ôô죿
ѩ˵طˤۡ
캮ض㴩˵ֲϧѩˤһӣΪ˶Ը㣿ҧгݵ·ô멽˹
ľƢҲˡڶǧ˳ʲôҲƢڶЩ̲ˡ
֪гǵô˵ҵıûԣҾͲܱ𣿡ľؽҧϴ멶ϡ
ΪʲôңڶȻľ࣬ŭʢ
Ҳ鷳㡭
˾ͽľҪôŻ󣬵һʱ뵽ҶԼס°ͣǰ±ȥأֻһˣ㻹벻ҡ
ŻгǣйľδüظֳѰһŵѩӣֻ˵ˡ
ľֱʧ۾۾һգž˳ϡ
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ΰ°ϣһǳǳĺӡ
ĴָĦǵӡüͷ壬Ҵˡ
ľסԴҴˣ´һǵһ㡣                        
лҪ˵СүصĻӰ죬ľľѲһʵû׽ˣܵ˵Ǿľľûôһֱϣľľܶһ㣬ܹһ뵽ûʲôȫУ
ľľֶ£Ը鷳Լһˣǰȷʵϰذæڻûϰ߶һ鷳
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˵˶صĴ
أϷݵй



úܿ졣
Ϧ, ľǱѵġ
ԼһӼͼסԼĶ䣬˹ֵ
ֻǱʵ̫, ľһµһ߱ӣйԼû˯
ѵÿ硣ˮԵ˵ԹԹԵؿ
˭, һűڣľƿ, Žµء
ճϦҼһڷűڡ¹Ƥѥ
ģֻ·Ϲꡣ֮λľ·һǻ, ꣬˼Ӽ˹
ϴľ£Ŵ¯š
ѩһƬ޵ıмбһֻ̻̣Ӻ¶һ˫۾, ľֺǺǵĵ簲
ô̻ʲôľסЩ̻
ǺүԸġ
ڣľЦ, ʱϲˣ
Ǹ׼ġ
̤ľԺʱɽѩӭڲ
̧ۣľźɫİȹ, ½Ϲһױߣ÷ĻˣȽӸ, ϲһϸǼȴͨġ
һ㣬һ߶䣬쳤һȣŬȥѩ̡
Ⱦܡһֽ׷ѩ
ڼľע⵽ˣŰԺӳ֡
棿߽ģ̽̽գϡ
ļ̌°ͣϵϵôˣ
ȥطꡣĶñǣַů

гǵسǴպأһ̣һֱӶͷ°ͣʮָߴֹСҹ䡣
ľҪ̧ͷͬӥһϣӣץڵ󿿡
ؽطˣ߶ˡľһۣǰλǽ
ľûӲͷƤЦؽãطá
Ҳ֪˵ȥط꣬Ȼظ
վˣңطķ飬ͨЩڣȴᡣ
áЦŵͷǣľ֡
ľɴۡΣڴ֮ͥ£ǳǰǣֲ̫ʡ
ջ޹ȥģͼԴǣʮָۡ
Ĳ˼
طҪͷ˵תͷƼ
ľɫεسЦЦҪͣط˳ͶԻһЦһڵ˰ıתȥ
ľԼûʲôˡ
קקڣʾͷǨ
ΪʲôľŽ
ҵļˡںЦ
һ˸ؽ鷿ľطˡ
˿ͷ˼ľӡҪˣҪˣ
һԵĺطЦҸá
ľʱǺ䷢̣˰ҲûҳһȻ
ط£Ϊ衣
ظ˿࣬ľۺط˵֣ĵķǰʮָˣ沼˼룬Ȼɻ
ľл豭һڣط˵Ҽʱף
һڲЩû
غߣطʮֺͰصݸһӣҿϽظ꣬Ȼ϶ˡ
ľ֪ǲǶ˴ӣǺطΪֱ̫ʡ
Ǽ⣬ľʣү𣿡Ҳ˵Ǵ˵ġ
ǣҲԡطЦҼү֪ĸҲǿųġ
ľһ㶡ڶԣƼ˲ˣǸ״ǰĸ
ط˼ʮǵسǽҸ׵Ĳ¡
ľգգ۾һ֪ܺ˵ĺطˣ˫ִߣǰ㣬һ˫۾ָɾ˸˷ܵĹ⣬Ƿһ֪򡭡СүСʱȤ°ɣ

ؽʱľѾط˹ϵõҪȥӡ
𣿡ߣ̽̽ģɷţȵģſʼȡЦ
СүѲɾͻˣľ͵͵
ط˼ǿԼҺӣοˣһ˾ˡгÿϦǣߵϰף˶ȥǱߴ֣ҼСҪȥ뿤Ҳȥһɡ
ʲôǣߣľ档ټϰ׶ʮֵȤԾԾԡ
ڶĺͷۣˣ㲻ܲμӡ
Ϊʲôܲμӣľɰʵס
ط˿ҧΣЦνǣ߱ǽ߷һδ׵վһŮվһÿźߵһͷһͷ˱Եˡ
üľЦܲμ𣿡
ľӣĽһЦǶӵЦ⣬ΪβܲμӣδסҲҪȥҵԵˡ
ڵЦڴǣΣյӡ
Ȼûвľ
ԹԵУǣͬһģȷѵõԵ֡˵̧ͷڿƵģŬڽţЦü䡢һãҪȥҿûҵԵˡ
ûСҲܾ
ľŤͷʺطˣˣںδ

гšԹܺ鰮մߣñȰɵĶţţ֯ŮȵšҪѡһ绨ѩ֮أȻõѡ
治ˮһͨ·ϲߣŵһͷһֱ쵽һͷڲһ㱡ѩʯϣޣҲעĿ
ľվŵһͷһߣ·ɫʮѿЦҵҵĺ𣿿ûԵ
ζµĹҲܻᱧһЩĻ룬ڴԼĸע춼ԸæȫľҲס
һ죬ʮۣĺɫԺƮţõƲۡ
ߵĹѾ˳źߵĹ켣ˣľҿ˿Ҳߡ
վ˻ǰվľǰ˳еĺͷֱۣĺ߲ɽᡣʹЩ߳ϡ
ҵˡ

ľĬˣкߣҵĺ߱㳶һء
ߵһֻңЩҲܾҵ㡣ڽľָһȦֽһ˰ϣǣԵˣҲˣûȥˡ
ľǣһΣպȻѩããգѩëƮƮģڷϡϣڻ
ͷţ˳ߣڣ˵ѩߵͷ
ڶ˶٣̾˿˴ᱧ󲽳ߡ
յľ档
ͥڱ˱ţľһ죬ȴֲ䣬ڵС£ԵˣѵԵ˰ͷ𣿡
ûֱǰŽ˷£תȽʱлľ硣
ʵ罫⣬ֽĶñϣǣס֡
ʲôľ
ƳһۣЦһ·ͷ߰ɡ                        
лҪ˵ѩããվϣһжϵĺߣĹãȻ



˻صظʱѾǰϽʵʵѩ, ľ
ʵʵһѩûš
ľ뽫޶ԡظ̫Զ, һ·߻ġ
ھǺܺڡ
˵ظ󣬺ط˼ڻʪһԸȥִߴϽѡ
³, Ҳ, һһ룬͸ϡ
ľԼ룬ں, еݸٺһ롣
ȣûӡ
˼ľҲţֱҲ׳㷽űѩ͸ˣ
δ˵ҺϴӰӰ´µصӳľ
ȡںЦܾ
ľ˻һ, ڿʲô, ˺ܾãȻߵǰһ¡
ݹȥأ
ںطΪڻ·׼Ŀͷ, 治˴󵨡
ǣȡ
ľ룬ط˵Ļط˵СʱǸеС, ϲСֻҪʾ˵æЩҲﲻæ
룬ľһű߿š
֧°ͣϾؿʲôֶΡ
ָֻ۽ΣľԴϥϣҺĲϲȣҺ˻ܵġˡ
գ۾һòø硪
ڻס
ûӦľٽ磬á硪硪
δ䣬һ
̹ϽһȦ֮䣬ҧһǰ۵Ĵǵǳװɡ
ʲôø磬ʲôڣףа취ܽеø
ľûϵڻӦȻڿ񳣳һƥڶԼƺסʲô
ľûи𰸣պط˷Ը˵Ѿš
Ǹӣںֱܿ侲ҿơ
һڳǰ˹ϵвʲôϣľ˻Ҳء
ظ˿ڲ࣬ؽһŮϱУΪɷһطϢˡ
СҧһŹǣΪشľ
ľҧŽӣͷӡ
ץУؼСҲŲæڸ磬λδĺ𣿡
˻һڳе˽ͣж׷׽ĿͶľϡ
ľסӣתڡ
ǡָӡ
Сһ֣ɩӣǲѹǮˣ
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СͷͷŹǡ
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ܿ죬㽫ȷԺؼһ鵽ѩ̻ȥˡ
˵˻ǸСܼ򵥿־ͲԸ̫ࡣ
ڣľܵߣӲһ̻Ҳ氡
ڿе̻ЦһСӵԼȥ档
档ľգۣø磿
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̫׽ĸһ̻ؼ״Ҳһ̻ߴա
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ڵͫеӳ쵵Ļ𻨣ϴ赭õЦ
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ڳ˾ԶؼҴҲڽ׵˵ԭ

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׽ҲûںظĵǻҪȥ
ܿ죬Ϻɢȡһ⣬ǺطΪ׼ġ
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㲻գҵ㡣
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˼ǹңʧЦһġ
óһ⣬Ҹġ
֮еĶӲƱҲͭǮ
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˷ԿףҵĻڿƽľﲻʲôֵǮ
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˵ģһģҲ˵Ҫ
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ľͷ֪
ԼʲôؼҲʲôãڷĹҲûҪͬˣû鷳ڵΣշС
մ𣿡ľʡ
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һսѵ۲ö꣬˲ŴһλᣬпܵһΡ
ľ޳ָԼıȶһ£ִģף㿭
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ѩͣ£ǰС
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ڵңߵ³ڡ
˯ò̫ڣüͷڳ罫ס
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լַ֮Ƿլȴ˴
˷ڴϸǺñӣڴ˴˯գ֡                        
лҪ˵ҵģд


ɱ

ʮ, ľҪˡ
ѩѾͣãľ̽Դ˰
ھվ
ʵľҲûʲôֱŨǺ, ֻܻټҲûбҪ˸С
⸱ûûεһ˼
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ľɲ̫Ӧõ, һ, ·վϢڵߣϻظõʲôҩ, ٸһ¡
ϻشֱӵģһ·˯ȥͦڵġ
бһָָۣվñֱĹһΣھ͵ɱҡ
ľ˳ָ·۹۰˷ĹһεĽѵ, ھ֮ͬ񣬼ʲô, Ҳ׶žľƤӵ±°ߵĿܡ
ЩЦסֻתȥѰæĦҲ̫ᱳʹ
ڶһ졣
ɽ֮, ʱѾ뿪ʮǡľһ£뿪³һ˲Ȼٿҹˡҹʮרľɫ
ɽгɰ, ļࡣǰĻѩڻˮεδ׹ˮ
ľܣŴӴںʿһԾ
˾۲ɽ֮޷磬ѩˮȴһʼ˲١Ƿ磬Ǿֻһֿܣ˼С
ŴֱͬʱߺһС㣡
̫ۣһ·ϣ˶ΪС㡣
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ѵ۽ϵһ֮δзģ²Ҷһ˿һȨοȨеĶ
˭£ľʵ
ڵҾڵľɣľ仰֪Ծˡ
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ԷԸе·ȫϣҪ뿪ֻɱһѪ·
ʿӵһͷ­ǿͷ­һ룬ŷɽѪµµ
ȵҺ彦ľϡ
ԽʱԽ侲
˵ʮǺܽչĹ۲죬ʿǱֻֿܡҪôʮǵˣҪôĵˡ
ǰ˵N˵Ҫսˡ
ľѡźߡ
ŵҾοΡҵϢѾ֪ʮǵĴͼﲢ֡
ԹΪףƴΪľɱһӡľҧظ󣬲һ
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Խ棬ԽġľֱľţľקһѣˤڵϣҲһ
˲˺һʹľкõ־𽣣˴ϣͬʱĵҲ̴˵š
ˡľĨһˮվ澡Ҫǰܡ
ǵĿɱ
ܿͨйؼϻҰƤӵܣҰƢǾԲŹġʣ͸ɴɱ
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Զ
׷ɱľ˽һ㶡
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Էһ´Ӱ֮Ƴ׽ֻ
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ľȣһɽȡɽ֮⣬һͷľӡϣľǰסľû°ɡ
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ֻõöֽֽҲòԣûʲô̫
ҽһǺչˣҲûȵĿܡֽϣԭѾλ·ֿܼʱҽΣָܻɱԭȻҪõ
ľַҽ˵Щҿֹ۵ҩʵڡ
̧ͷΧصɫ԰׵Ĵʲô۳˻Ҫο𣿡
ز˲۾ڵϣܣûܱÿԸл
Ҳڣû㣬ھͲһֵֻˡľϼ˿ĵˣվѾˡ
һԵļҡ
һԼľһңûֻ֣ҲΪһֻҲûõ֣һô𡣡
ߴټ˵˸ϽȥϢˣſϣôڴˣ
ϻ֣üͷһԲֻõл֮尴ʮʿʮǡ˶٣ԭվԶ˼ÿ뿪ʮǺ㵽ɳǣֻоʱһЩûܼʱ˵ס
վԶǵʱ䣬Ӧľ뿪ʮʱѾӵٽһ·ɳǡľɳǾԼµľһ·ġ
ڽе԰ŵʮ׵ȴС
ˡľشǣץأʳʲô
ΨһֵҵǣԷȫץʮ鲻ᴫġ
ԭĵΣڿս֮ʱϱNԮ·ȴ㡭
ľףҰ¹һҪɱһͻȻϮ
ûϵײˣҲûϵײϹʮ
Ҳãǰ֪ǵıʡõʱս޷ȡԮľԼЦЦôһ룬˵Ҳֵ
֡ġ
ްģҲǸ˸ɡľЦֻǻزȥˣһˡɳжξ룬뼰ʱҽԾҪط
ЩͷۣʱҪΰһȺˣһȺˣڡ
̾˿̽һĻܾһءԴ˲ʲôϣܸϣĻһ԰ɡ

Ƹ

ӵ³Ҫ
һ, ȥΪľѰ򡣹붭ȥ³ǵĹԱӣֻľ뼪վ
ھˣͣضЦľ⸱õ, ֺЦΣ˰֣ˣЦˣ򰲰ɡ
״̬, һͷ뿪
ľſڴ, ۾ֱűƿ
о˵ЩԺתͷʱЩ͡
վű, һ糾ͣɫѿЩˡ
ľȻ뵽ʱʲôˡ
ڡһڣ䣬һҲƲס
ۼڼ߹վǰľͷ, 죬޵ί, ۡ
ԭǲ۵ġһʱ̫СˣһڣȻĵۡ޾Ŀֻ뺦, ϴĳһһķ
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ľǰûԼô
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˾ӣޣźۣҪⱲܵίȫй
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û´ˡ޺۾û´ˡ
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СүܣҲ
ڵĿϣһȦһȦľ̶סа׵ָ´
ſ۵˯£·Ҳδȥһ˹ѺǶ˵ĴΡ
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ڣЦһľЦеִ
˵ʲôôĻǱǣǰڻҪġǰʱҲҪżֺүϣֶҪȥġھҰֻᷴľʱ᲻ˤȥ
ǰ˳ţڽݡ
ڵ˵üģǲҿ㣿
¶һǳЦľһ
Сү𣿡ľһ㣬Խ̧Դ°ϲ˲䣬㲻ǲЩ𣿡
Сèֺˡ
ڷסļ΢΢󵹣룬㣬š
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ĬĬһؿҲˣҲˣҶûҪˣ㲻Ҫˡ
ЦЦûС
ܡľȻöôãҲʱһˣڣҸ㣬ǸԱұ֤Լʲô
Ųȥ°ҧһڣֱ㲻ҪҲҪ֣ԼŰɡ
ڶΣ̾һֽܿ˱ϴ֡
ֱʱСקסӣڣϻرĸԵǸ˵ġ
Ϊ֣СʱΪоľԼԸ
һ棬̵Ľëһ˫۸ɾγ
ʧЦãҵСǡ

ľһر֤Լиĵڶգҵ˵Ĵ
¯ȼ̣Уɾ֡ϸķ䵭ؿǰ֮ˡ
ڵν˾ǰϴһԵ֮ɫҽֽ߳ŽˣҽΣ糣һ㣬סƸ
أڵʡܴгǸ³ϢƼҵĵУһͼı
ͼЦСʶ㲻һҪ㣬һƬĳϿɼǰģȥǲ跹˼˼ɼ˾ϣȢ㣬Ҳϼס
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ڹ˹Ƽϰٿ˵ĸҪ
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Ҫסľ°͡ƼҰǿ޲ڣѡ辶ʱһ£淢ʲôضƲס
˻ûôҾ;Դ̡
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ЦԺ㡣                        
лҪ˵ľľҶˡޣ



ټ, ľĿⲻԹޣԹ֮໹ЩС⡣
ӺζľȻҲסͬһ, ľǸ˾֪ġзϡĻ֮ǰҪ١
ҲֻǰΪľڶˣô
Ƽҵĳ湦ĻΪľʰ޳һͦԺӣһӦȫЩϵƷֻԺӲƫ
ڵԺӾүӵԺӸ, ƼҵСסһ顣ֻи˵Ľ, ã˼ңҲͲסլ
һֻڡ
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ڻͷľһۣ뱾δסһкβף
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ʱףԼǵˡ
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ľ̽ԴǰҲôסţϰˡ
ӣȻҲɣһסиŮ˵Ҳá
ˣﱾҪȥڵüɺǳһֱľϣ˵ʱҲδ
ɡڵľĸ첲ط
ְ֣ľԴͬС˵ҪȥĶ
ȥĶȥǶڳǰߣһƸᱻǵѡ
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լһֱδˣѧһı£û֮ء
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ⲻԷľסб߮ڣǲ̫Щ
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ѵ۵޶ΪϻԿأָ˽ڣǿҡ
һڵϣһ衣
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ľ˵ͷõϣ֤Լˣ̵ؽ̧档
ɴĹУһֱڶ
˽ֻ̧סļ硣ŵĵطֱ۱һ˵Ļ
嵭÷㽫еĲѹȥ١
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˿ڵһ㶣ٿľʱȻ֮⣬صƣҲֻп־ǿܵȻ֮
˿¶ʱڵѾܵīˡ
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κ𣿡΢Ŀⲻضǵ˿ڡ
Щ֡Ϊѵ˼ǣԭȶѾ˹裬һѿˡ
˴ֻ֣һԴɫѿֻҪǸλϸĵʮ꣬ҲпκáǰܿˣֻӦõġ
ҽ꣬κõĹ˲٣ѶȲߣûʲô˼ľصģǵһμεˣκãǶȻҽʷһʡ
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м侲мɰգ
ʵɡ
ںȻڲԡ
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ľ־ۡ۵ֻǺӲһʹУԽԽۡ
ü΢ڱ֪ʹɢע֪ΪҪ尴
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лϽġ
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һѰס
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΢ӣҪģҰġ
ǰл
ҰӪʧء
սNҪվڵ¸ߵϣֻΪسǵһ빥ʮǣҪԽب֮ɳĮ
ҰʮڱصãȻ㾡ȫʱȫʮǣĺϮ󷽣š
ΪҪ尴ٽطǸ𣿡ľڿлһߣ尴ôԶοٽϳͲϳҲڱ߾ѣ
ҰڱNˣٽطбȻģΨϾԶòô尴ܽױ֡ο
һۣЩεΪĹԣֻΪ˱ȱ˭Ҷ
ñȣľ̯֣״̬⣬ֻ̯һֻʵǰұNɾģ
ĬĬäĿĹԺвۣϳϡȱĹʱѴϳŵϳſϽơɧűN߾ҪôӴû⵽N׼
ʿıұûͱһͷϳٴҲⱾ
ԭĹԶСľĹҲǸӡ鲼ڣ˭֪㱳˭ֺ˭һˡ
һ˵һжҪNǰϣһĲأ
ǲܲ򡣡ָߵӣľڶӵĻλ٣һλͶϵʮǣõĽ취
ľһ´һ𣿡
Цŵݸһ
ˣָĻ

Ը

ʲôʱῪսľʡ
ڵˡ
죿
Ұûܰʱȥ
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֪ţ, ľҲûٶʡܹʶҲﲻæ簲ˡ
ľƸסţһӦԴڵ׼ԷʱҲƼһֻһԡ
ľù, ڲŻԼԺӡһŲ̤ȥ, ס
бһֻͨѩ׵Ĳ˹èվӵؿȫﻹߡ
ľԺ￴һ, ֵ£
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ĸ׽˵õֻҪһ, пĻᡣ
㽫еèһ٣Ц, 㿴ֻèǰֻ
ƼҲң֪ӵȴϡҵͬгǣٲ棬èҲ֪ġ
֮, һֻèˣҲи顣
, ڲŽĿֻèϡȷǰֻò࣬ƼΪ˺ƣҵֻèǻ˲˼
èֲֻƼ̴úãȴûӵתֻèϡ
û£ͲҪüͷ΢ЩͷһֺȻסֻͷﲻè

ڵԳУֻҪţҪһľߡ
ʱľڸڵС䣬Щˮӣţæٹȥ
ľŻӣЩ˵
Ҿǽҵ
֣ὫԼҺӴߣµʱ㶪һߣһԼ档ӣҲûʲô
үǲʵ
ÿûסͳ£ֻܰ˴ˡ
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ڲϲʳȴǾҧһڡ
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ˡھͽĵϣһסϸϸϸزָ
һѧľ֪Ҳ̳׵²һҪսһԱɶõĻǴĹԣıĿãҲĵлϽأܵõĻҲ֮С
Ҳ˵֮⡣Ͼǹؾͺѹ
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˭ֲɾˣҲδɿָġƣʵ
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ŷһ£˵ߵǸȷ٣ǶҲǹѧѧӣ
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ľ˵ùֲ˼ģҧסЦŵүǰ˵㻵ʱүĶά㡣
˵ʲôסһ
óӻŻԵģôһ㣬Բ١
ľ˱ۣû˦
֪ط˿ǸʮĻħʲôӡǸ°СүԣδȫĨȥֻǻһַʽǰչ¶š
ˣֻǵڵٷ磬ΣȻ¸ߣֱȱ
˺ҩʱľһðġںҩڴ£ǿѣרᣬֱ֣
˿棬ҲҪȡ
ľȹҩ٣ٶ࣬Ҳɲϲȡ
㲻ˣ
ڳĬ
ľŻôߣб˵ҲҪȰ
ƢԽԽֲִСһ㣬Ǹ軵Сӡ
ƫƫ軵Լ
Σҩ룬ƽĴ齡һֳŴأһץסĽԼǰק
һֻòˣק˹ȥֳ䣬񱧺һ
ľֱϣûܻ
ڱ£ҩݵߣһ룬һҪ󡣡
ҵҪ첻ҩ𣿡ľʡ
⡣
ľյ̾һɣҽһ˯ǰ¡
˾ͽľ㼸ꣿ
ľֱ׳˸ꡣ
ҪȻЩΪڣܱҪ첻ҩá
ڴӦ
ͼľһסԼıӣ˫۽գſ͡
һҩ꣬Ƕ
ϴ˴ľڱ¶һ˫۾ʾŵԡ
˯ǰ¡

˯ǰ¡ڰҴҴǣˣú˯
ľЩûЦ
˭˵ˣˣиˣġ
ڣԶţǾΪľ߮
̾һ£Ѷ̫
ǻǻ첻ҩɡľ˸ú׶
һʱʧЦ
һһãڿڡ
ǰиСкսĸ̼֮Ůкڱ߾䣬ҲǹŪǸţ˽Ժϲ
ľַ治Ϸߣó˽Ժͷۣ
ЦЦкԭΪϺ󣬽׹ĸĺʱܼ̳и²Ϊµս񡣡
ϧս񲢷ս޲ʤʵΪй´˱뿪һսʱսվδٴʤࡣǰǿУԮսһ̣ĸ׽ײµ޶ٺúͬһкҲ׵ĲƴͳǡΪƭ׷кͬ鴩·оҲսϡ
˶һսУΨк͵
ҹλأսѪɳǸĸ񡣴ǰڸǰԼҺӵ岮һǰҪҵ½ʿգʬ׶Ѱ
ȥ˲ʹģŵĲǡ
ľڴϣƽµĲȻ
ڣǰѹȻס
Сŵռ
ģıⲻй͵Ϊţܳ־δ֮¡Ǿ㣬ΪֻҪ㻹ڣϣģʵֵһաNվүԸҲԸ
ο˵ӻе㱿׾һҲЩĲ£׼ȴס
ڽͷѴһ



Ƽҵүӽйȥľ⡣
үͲƼҵĴСˡҲ, ﰵζȥã֮סլյϡ
ľƸ⼸, Ҳ¶棬û˵ȥλ游
ҲǣϾλԼŮϾ˸ŮϵڵƢôỹ˵游
м, 賿ʱֳȥ, ľ˯֮Уδš
ľ·СأԾúЦ
, Ƽ˶ҳǰλүҲǿڲڣԲʱ
ʱүԺ衣
˺ݣݵȧͻһ˫۾ȴڶ, ľ˼㣬ȴֻһ, ž壬ӹӲʵĺܡ
ľ߹ȥҲкֱǰ
үȻľֹܲ, 豭£۾
ƴôһݼҵˣԼơֻһ, ŭ
үӵ֪Ϊ𳤾ϣ
ľҡͷֻ֪֪б𡣡
ûүƽͽֻҪһ뵽һҲǵڱҹȥ֮һ;ûбҪǰںɫ
ϰ£ҲҪ߲
үӺЦһſңϷҵ游˵Ҳóһ棿
ľ˳ǣңοƼҶ޹ϸкθɡ
ΣҲҵ游
ǺƼʱôûڵ游أľ
ֻһ˲үӵɫеѿ
ľҪľЧȻҪָֻţڵͱӡͱ
ó
Ҳֻѿһ˲ܿ죬үָֻ̩Ȼ̬ȣͲƼҲϱ
ʲôƼңѵѡ˭𣿡ľЦΪŻרųڲʱң𣿡
ԲϲһûʲôԣʲôֻôңҾǰæһˡ
ľ߶
ļүӳ̧ʾ
ľ¡
ǰһ衣
Ĳɫ͸Ҷϣ뵳嵭
һģһӡ
ǿӿźܳƼҵͼơ
ľһ̧ۣͷү˵
ƼҪĲҵүӿǿӷǼӣͷͷѪΪӡӵгǵǮׯȥõ
̬תһʺľЩ¡
үӣֿǿ鲻۵ӣֿүӣʲô˼
дҹƽŮ֪మ˹ǮŮ˹뿪˹û뵽ĹŶλᷢϡ
ô˵ҲӦǮ뿪Ŷԡ
οӾȻôһĶ
үӼģЦΪµƸ񡣡
ǿٴľǰˣľһ裬թ
е֪֮ģͳӣүˣ治
үӶѵʹûлɹΪξԶ㳵ǽ»ٺ»ɾ˻ӻ
ľգһۣŵɴ󣬡õǮģ
ͺ水ǰܼҵڿ쾢ǵٺ»Ϊ͵Ļ¸ȫˣȫѵԼ˽һûãȫϽˡ
Ǯܣ˵ͨˡ
Һ˵ܴһͨԭȻţڿ۹ȷȻүЦֻһ㣬µĲȫԡҵȷһʷı𣬺ǮԼ׬ġҺͷԡ
ľüβ
˵ڿ϶Ϊ׬ǮһЩɱ˷Ż飬˾Զѵ۵֧֣˱׬Ǯдѵķ
ݱԼ˺ţ벻׬Ǯѡ
ֻǣ˵үڵĹϵ
үͶȥɻĿ⡣
үϵЦǳ̾һ˷һ˲ϲ٣곯͢ҵĸȴִҪһĸ۰ŮֻƼ¼ٿˣҲΪһŮƼұۣϾ˸ŮϵУԾҵŮѪԵ⣬׾ܶѵĹϵ
ǰ£Ҳ֪ʱǷѾˡԭǸĸױһݼױģ˭뵽Ǽ˾ˣΪռһݼױԼõҲˡ
֮ǼΪ˷ּƲһƼҪĲҵȴδȥ
ľĬĬţȻЩڡԼĺֵǽ˻ʧȥԼ۰ŮүӴԼҲʹࡣ
ոջ˼ͱӡ
ͣľͷٿڰɣҲʡ
ΪҶײңӽ㣬Һܷġүӵ
ľΣңҲڵģط鷳ͣһ£ҷδײǴֺὫӸ𣿡
үҡͷЦ
ˡ
ΪڶײүӣάڣڵĸԶ׼̬ȣүӰӸҲỹڡ
һʼûжײүӣүӴֺãɼϲڣٲȫȫϲڡӣүӶ벻ֱӽڡ
ôڵġүӰӸľԼͬˣָжм

һľŶͷʣȻˣ֪κҵ֣Ϊβǣ
͹ȥǻסƸ𣿡үӷʡ

ֱһ
ʧȥһŮܵÿɡүϹŵЦ⡣

ͬ˴꽻ľżֵǵ뿪ԼѾܱ֮Ϊӡ
һֻèȻ˹ŵһĿھδһֻè󣬲һ
£ͨѩ׵Ĳ˹è׷Լβת˼Ȧ¡
ľ¶ֻè˼ȤսȥʱȻһס
ڽ´һţ
ûУҡľûΪ˽ţָָ̧µֻèҾȥֻè
˵һ룬ڶŲԶһԹľȵ㣬
ľŷǴԹľ¶һ½ǡ
ĥĥ䣬ӹľϴűֵľɷס
ľһͷˮʲô
ֻèġ
˵ľүӽȥĲ£ʱȴľèһ
ôˣľԽ⣬ת㣬ֲèѲèң
㲻£ںȻüͷһ塣
ľҡͷȻ£èѵɰ𣿡
ڼʱèŵֱ㡣Ϊè⾯㣬èľסԺӸ
˭֪
̾ҡҡͷɰ



ľе˲, ɫ㡣
ЦЦȥڵ½ǡ
ô΢
ľգ, ѧӣԴԣᣬ·
롭һ㶣־ֹ, ʲô
һʱʧЦ, ſֱۣҪұ㣿
ɡľҪһ㣬ֻһ·ܹȥ, ԾûôƤһ̫ǣδӦǰ¡
ڲ
ŵľԶӣϥ£ɡ
ľſϣסĲӣƫͷͬ, ˡ
䣬ڵǻһ¡
ź֪һ⡣Ҳ, 㻹ڣܲһͷײϣͷĺ, ߴ٣Цߡ
㳹ʧ, άֲסǵƤŽŵԷˡ
ڽһߣ䣬ֹסһεĽţ٩ζԣǽ᣿
ֲˡ
ҵֽˣŲЦһ
һ·ֵԴףҺܸˡ
𣿿Դ׾ͺȡ֡ľԴ˴Ĳ
˾ͽľ㻹ǲ顣ЩֱЦа취ɿʱƻһɶ
쵽Ժӣľˣһţ̧ߣǰѹȥӡһǣأ𣿡
ӣڼ̽˷ƣʵ㡣
˶٣˵
ˣľҲƤЦԹã˵
ٺգNĶȻսгʱǰȫģԷһҪƼһ˵³ǡ
أľʡ
ڳĬһ˲
ս
һػģǸõĳĬ
ѾԮ𣿾ͷҪսľҧסۿһ졣
ľļ̌ۿŤͷȥ̾˿ҵĸûסĶҵء
ѵͲ㲻ڵʱƼһ𣿡ľٿڣѾơ
㲻Ǽүˣڣ㲻¡
ϻزҲǾйҾͲ𣿡ľգۣᡣ
֪Լȡ֡ԭӦNʿ˶ԣܶС
ǾòСܾӢۣˣֻҪߣûΣգƽƽ̰Ҳãôûϵ
Ҳһ֪һսǹʱףȻ֮ϵľԶ˳ᢡŪƣһѪһʼעҪΪսĺŽǣĮ䡣
ľľһսʤұȢòã¼ޣֻǿ޵ˣ͵治Ըս
Ĺ裬ļƻ꣬׾ɲ¾ۼΪľһ̡˶ǵúȹص׹Ӣ꣬ʱ꣬ҪҪȥˡ
Ҿ˧˭ˣС
һվһľͷ㵱Ҫȥ
ڵͷ
˵ȥҾͲҪˣҲȥɣ
ӦǳĬ
ļֶ̌ſһָȥɣҲҪˡ
ľľü
ľȻƣὦϣ̾ˡ
ľľ֡
˫ֲá
ֲŽ̲ãΨ˵ҿ̫һ·ųš
żǰϡ
ԺʱֻԶ£ϸһϸ˪
е⣬ޱϣ¶һɻ
ڼ̨ףߵǰĬ˰Σֻ˵һ䣬չ˺
˵գת뿪
һͷˮȻٶۣҲ׿ܳˡ
ŽݺֻǿϥڵϣһĨһ涣Ѽҽй
ͷҶʣּǿվصزһ½ŵ׵ĵ̺ŷ߷ϴ
ǿʱвЬ´ϰߣ⻹ǾԶĵ̺

ԾӪٻʱľԺ⣬פƬ̡
ѾЪˡ
ۿȥһʹԺӿͣáֱѣŻصԼԺӡ
һݣϢԡ
޹⣬ֻİƬԡ
ڰ֮Уץס½°ҧһڡ
ӽѹϣŮҵܰӯǼ⡣
ľľȻڣ˱ס󣬷ֹţٽڵĵƵ
СѾһطйƵҧļһֻ쳣͵Сޡ
ûҧֻǵЦʳָָĦĺ󾱣ڸè˳ë
ֱǳζľ˿ڣ֮Ա
ڶԴ˺޷ӦľҲûôҪˡֻøˡ
޳ָ°ͼһ£۲ۣ
ľһȻȥ½
ֻһַֻ㣬ڵַᳶֱקҲֻ¶һСƬš
ľľʲôһʱסҵ֡
ľͷһǿڱصã˯㣡
˯һҭƫͷܿçײشǣľľ֪Լ˵⻰ʲô˼𣿡
ʲô֪ġ°ͣƲ죬ۿֺһȦĵϣȥ򥡣
뿪һ˲ڡ
˶٣ֽУ硪
ֱҪ
ڶ챻ƷˣץļԶһЩѵֿ˿ڣֻҧⶼ˭ģ
ľͷȥġָ˳һģһȦһȦ
дֱͷֱѪӿ
ľľҪ֣¡ӲͷƤץסµָ
⵽˭Ķʵ˱
Ҫ¡ľֱֱ伪ҵͼ
ͼϺҲû˵ܾ֮øЩʲô
ǾɷӰɡ
״ִյǰһڵסĺᡣ¹ĺᶯһ¡
˾ͽļ̌ס۾濿ǽȻƵò񻰣Ҫսһȥͻزˡ
ûбʤİաû취δٲܻδ
ľ·ҵĸĺӣ㲻ֻܿӹܱ˽еˡ
ǸңںԼҧ
ܻұ㲻ںԼ
ľ˫۹ĲӣԼϡ
ʥŮԼ׼ħ
˳ȴֹˡġ
ˣڷ֣β糺һƬųŨɫ
ľѾȥ򥣬ģڡ޴֮䣬ǲôеģ
⻹㴲֮䡣ƣסĴ
ǺӲã׹ȥڵ¶ԭϾʥݡ
÷꽻ҹ¶ڷҡҡλΣߡ
ǻ˲ų׹⡣
֮䣬˲ڳߡ



ʱǴ峿, ľֻۣͷг, ǰ߱Ҳġ
˶ҧ˻һʹúܣֱ۲ֱۣ
ҹ֮°¹ӿУ֪ա
ҹʵǺһ׳ġڸߺ, ú, ҪֿһʱգеദʱͲ˷ڳϡ
սǹۣҪڱҧҲҪŻ, 뵽˺ӡ˺ӣڱҲܺ޹ϸֻҪۺʱҲᱧŴͬھ顣
ֻ/µ˽ֻڱ棬뵽Ѱİдú죬ΪôҲǸ, ˭֪Ǹӡ뷨˵뼪˴۵С, ˭Ҳ֪ôǼ뷨Ūһͼһŷ̵оһͼ
ûϡ
˴ϣһƬհףֻڰڲʲô, ֻ֪
ֻǵԽޣ±Խס
ٶ룬˾Ҫˡ
ϳ˳, סԼ
ڽʱľպҪ˯СһЩûԼƽ
һʱʧЦߵ߽³˳ˣ
˫ֳڴߣǹһĺֱ
ľһ˶ð޽ʪ͸īڵͫﺬֱδɢȥġ/
˵ĽɫھȻȥǹò˵Լʧܡ
˼ˣǲĺʤһٸǣץűӴ˸ֱߣԴֱۣͷô簡
Ŷ⻬ĺڱǵİڰУʵ/
ҹ޵ɤҲˣʱһڽи磬飬ڸС𹴵Խʢ
һѵؽĿ/ƿٶѹԴЦȴƣҹδ޹
ľһʶԼʲôԴ¹ȥ
˳ڳĵط£ŴͷָĶ⣬˳Ŷǣһ·ֹ°ͺƶèź𴲡
Уľԣҡͷ֪㣬֪Ҿˡ
ֻ˵˼ƻȻܽڵ§§£¹һף֪ˣҹȻûлﵽڵķ
㻹ǣôĵӡһҭɱϾҲѳֲסܲѵΣֻùľʩϵ·ձ㡣
⡭ðɡľǻû˾׳治
ǾԼܶԼڽźɫԧǶչĿһ˫ԧƵϡ
жǾŬ
ľаϰһᣬµȥ
ʶԼûľֿ
ġ
ڣ㡭úô
֡Ҷ
⼸ѴڲףĥԼС£ҹδסһΣܲˡ
·ãشϢһ˸ѹĽ֮ϡ
ľľٽһ硭޽ǣȥ

㶼Ѿݴйˣôôװľ۽Ƿ죬ſǻ
ӣҹججû䣬˶жˡڴǰҲȱŮˣô¶²
̧ۿָϸ֣ûлݴԣֻһ֦
һ֦ǽͷģСӡ
û𣿿Ҽǽʣ¥
ڰ¡
ľգգۡΪвŮˣرؿǹҪҪ
ʮ߶ûйﰡľЩ⡣ΪԼʮ겻˱Ѿˣû뵽иֵġ
һ٣ҧгݣֲˣ˱һΡ
ľʶ죬ʵʵڷ
ŵľԶźģҲֻˡ
ͷƽ̹СֿڣڣһΣܾĺӡ
ڵĶͣһ˲ԣҪ֪һ˴ӻ۵ġ
֪ںʲôĸ׵꽫޶ٺú޷˵㸸׸иǣζҪȥ
ףνĺӣĵֻҪڵһ
ǻزٴźӸļޣúӹܱ˽еҹܱ˽зĺӻҪա

Խ˵Խס
ڵڳɹסľʱ򣬱ʱ
ľʱδճʱ䣬ڡ
һڴϣǿ̧Ų˲Сȣ˵ˣ游һӡ
ǿֵ̫Ǯľҷţһֱѹͷ¡
ȥݸڡ
ߣֻһۣúš
ľһµȥ̧Դϣ֪Ӵʲô𣿡
֪Ƹ񡣡ںסģ˳ưס֣Щ̫٣ʽƸʱ

ľȻӾֵǮƼƣӵļֵȻԽ
۵һҺ˯˸Ǯˡ
ڴЦһǣ˾ԶĺˣԺȲбţҪץˣ֡
˵ţץЩ

꣬إգһʿڱN紦ʧΪɣNս
ʱȹһۣѾꡣ
ľûиƼһȥ³ǣڳ
һطˣС㣬кط˵Ķϱվһ𡣳֮⣬˷ݣսԡ
ʮǵİգԲ֪NĻʵ˭ȴ˭ǵػ
طٷѲǵһɷÿһνδȴδ¶һ˿
˴γؽ˧ϽǸ
վ֮Уִľһ·׷Ŀ⣬㵱ͲȰˣ
Ƕûз֣һδ򣬴ȥһѾԹٲԸΡ
ףУüһľϤɢһִͷ֮ϣǹǣӧѪ
ľŶңңֲֻҵڣ򽫾Ķӣ֮ļŹ̵ѪԶΪսС
һ㶣ŲԶľֵˣãȻ䴽
ľͼ˳ŮԼɷֵܡ˵Ҳߵǰ
ڷǹӸЦŽӵ뻳С
űӲĿףľȽ
ߣ㷽뼪˵Ļһˡ
Уֻü뼪˵Ļһ㣬Ϊˣļϻŵģ㡣
ľĿһͷ
ʮǵҹ죬ɽӰ䣬ϲ
ϲ
ãΪͳǳԵЦ⡣
ʮǵҹ죬ɽӰ䣬㻶ϲģΪءN⣬һҲá
ȹ׳оƣٳʡŽ죬صĽʮҹ죬ųŴ󿪣ƺƵֱĻɳ˪
Nɹ꣬һ·йӢۡ                        
лҪ˵ϣľľСүףһǲܻе

³

, ³һľؼһ³ǡеĻж뼪
³Ǿ౱Nھʮȫһǡǰ̷, δռ³ǡ
ľÿƸ˺󣬱³ǵĸܡҲ飬ֻҸطţż塣
ԭݹĶ³ǵ, һ, ҲԲξ롣
壬͵͵۲ľ顣
֪֮ľ뾸Զһˣʱ˵, ⡣ǣʱУɼ˸ƣҲľǰϢ
ֻ壬ػزɱƬײݡ
ʲôٿҪˡľһӡ
һز˵, ӣˡ, ˡ
ѧ֮Уľյٮٮͬѧʱ࣬ϲʱӳ, ҲԷתأ壬ɱ֮硣
, Ǻ;ԶˣҲմȾ˵λƢ
ľҲûٱ꣬ӣʣһͺܺ棬˵㸸ףӦģ
˶佫ᣬѾ˼Ǹ佫㶨Ȼ䷭ۡܰȻڣҲֻΪҶԹԱ֣Ҫ塣
ʷȰҸס
ˣľЩ⡣ʷȷǳĹ֮䲻ةߣةҲҪϹϾ˵ʷڰﶭ˵Ƕ˱Ȼ
־͹ʷʵҲ̫ϲ佫佫̫³ò
ҡͷҲ֪ʷͬҸ˵ʲô֮ʷ뿪Ҹͬ˵ܳΪ򽫾ĴӢۣҲʧΪˡ
ľһӣиֳͷһԸȴҪ佫ӡ
л£ллֳʷҲԸлǰǾȹʷһ
֧°Цҿ˲١һֵŴӣĺ̿չ
ͬһϰ䣬һЩĶӡ
˺ÿľ
ڸôľ뿪ñΪİֻҪûмھǰȫġ
뿪ãȥ˺طסСԺٷ˿Ҫ裬ϽԴʮֵľֻλСүСС㽵
Сæ֣߳ɩɩߣ
ľһ죬߹ȥ
ϻسԹҹСһһɩɩ˺üΣƫƫС㺰һھ͸һ˽֮ٽпɩɩҲס
㿴Сľÿ𣿡ССľľǰҡΡ
ţÿ
ҴģءСһ
ľҲľԴؼҳֵģԼĵ׶ӵĵڴһߡ
ȺӳҲ͸ߡľЦСһȥٷˡ
裬ٷ˱һֱڷϢǣһЦԵޱȺᡣ
ɷٷ䲻ԣȻǳ˻ӣطŮȥɩ˵Ϲ߻ˣƤӵľ˳ܽٷ˺ֱЦ
ȺС㱻˽ߣٷϸҲصģүȻƽֻŽݱá
ľһ㶣ԼΣЦ׾Ϳ𣿡
εúܺãٷҡͷֻҲװˡ
ľۣЦЦڴǰϣͺؽѹ𣿡
ѹܼ޸ӢΪޣҺԺ䡭ٷ˵βȥһ˲Сּ⣬ҲΪĸƽ
ľҲŶס¡СĿһСЦ

ƼһԾ³ǣ֪ǲүôŵҲ
ҲֵУȴÿ糿ʱżڣģûʲô
ѩδ죬Ҳ֮ǰˡ
ľϽ
ٷ֮ʣľĺӴһ
ϵ̶¥ƹ˵⣬ƹȥͼ
ľŴ򣬰濴
һ֣ǲ¥ڵĴľڵľ˾ˡͼ
ƺ˭̸⡣
⶯ı߾Σ׬ǮҲǱ¡ľЦЦδ⣬Ŀջʱǡɼͼ̸ߵߡ
ȴ¶㱻̹ϣľ۽ǣȷԼǷ񿴻ۡ
ǱN˴磬䣬ȴNˣˡ
ʱϣ˽ľüûٶ롣Զ֮һҲ
ѡʽ˶ԼʱȡľŴظ·һ룬ͼӣЩ
ȥһ˸á
֮¸߶ľɵҲֻǻɣ֤ݡ
˼ͷİɣ̫ƽһ紵ݶǻעġ
ľġ
꣬ʮǰΧѶ
гǻĮɽʯ绯ڵ᫣绯ʯߵͲβʵô
ϢʱľںؼҡٷŴϢǰˡ
ҹɫŨҹԺȴ˯⡣
һһѪˮͣһ֮ʹĽֽű
ľվںط࣬طţȴǱ򶨡
ʱѾܳմѪ̥λ
˷׷׽ĿͶĹǡط˵ɫҲÿã˼ľģΣҵĶϱס
һ½Զؼҵĳڴٵ󣬺ӻУؼҳϱֻһ
󲻱СһЩǽڣȥˣҲǱΪʱ򣬱¶ϱطȷȻǾؼ尾´˾ġ
㰾һʱС˺Ȼã˴ˣ
һʱԺ֮˽ɫһס
ЩСѾδ̣ԻֽšֻطԸ涼ܵ˺Υߣá
Ůҵĵ
һĺطˣ뽿ĺС㣬ʱ˿̣ȴ˭Ҫ侲
ľǰһڣͼطת뿤Ҷϱһǰܵ
ľһͣû˵ͷ
䣬Ҳֻͽ鷳̸Ÿĸܵ
ܵŹϡխĵطûжڵľۼӵĳ
ؼҵķԲڣҲΨ˵ϻ
ŴĿѪסľȭͷѹ£˵ȶ˿Ϊڵطӡнæ
գڼ׵Ĵ齱ߣսٷ˵֣˱£ؽ࣬ûµġ
ѾʹòѵץסһܿľֱϾͱ˴Ѫָӡ
ٷԷ̵Ѿ߼״۵ôץȥֻ˵ģץū澵ְɡ
޷ץҰɡľҡͷڲ֪˹³ǣͷǵ⽣Ӱץٷ˵֣Ϊ˸һҲΪԼѣΪš
Ծɲ֪˶ãźȻ̥λˣ
ľڵϣ۵ʧȥ֪ԣһô˵һϢ

Ϯ

ܵܰ, ⣬ֲҹ
ıյĿռ䣬ֻŨصѪζ
ľû, ǽţǿֳһ˿ǿŹעٷ˵Լ˯ȥһ
ֹ֪˶ãܵű, ۵Ĺյ˶ۡ
һ֮, վŸ˵ĺطС㣬棬֪˭һ, ˣ
ľǽվ
ϣһĺӣϵĵһޡ
ɴ࣬խܵ, ĸùöߣ̲ƽ³ǡ
ľѵĴ, Цˡ
˵ĺϣȻûƭ

ٷ˴Ѫ̧ܵȥ, 㼱ææҴ
֪ܹľ˵ϲ¶һҵı顣ﻹһѴѪĵ, Ѫδɣ˳΢ĵν
ãû¡
ҹҹһ֧ıȻϮǣǰľѹӦԼʱδϵĵĿĲڹǡ
ڳнʿӭս֮ʱһСŻսڻҹɫǱУĿֱָظ
ǾȫķڳǽӦս֮ϣδֳܷ˼ע⵽ظѣȵ֮ʱҴˡ
е˧Ǻؽĵ뷨ԣסؼҼҾ죬޶ƣʱǰ߱ȻĴҡ
ľɫһ䣬Ժַ³ǣ
ʵʣ˼ƽϡ
һʿֱƸ㣬һټĸլΧˮйͨ
ǰƼҵ˹һأѹѹһƬԴ̧ͷսսһ
ľվߣۿһϣͨŸͼ룬ţһⲻͣز
ңҵ治֪ĵļͼսսץӲͷϵĺΪΪǾͨˡҪ֪½ʮҲὫ˴ǡ
Ƽڶּ֮࣬ԭĲҵȫϷ֡ͼΪճӣֵһʲƲһƲƼҴǰ츻󣬲
ƼǰʢٶԱԼľ಻ƽѣƲүſֵǵӣδ⽻˭ͼ֪׾Լɲ˴вһֱһһҵүĸԸӸ
ǰս½ʮǷ׷׽ϣֹ˳룬£˾䣬еóͨȫϾĻ̻̣ԵսչͣضڻƷȱż۸ҲһˮǴߡ
ͼᡣս˻֣̿ӴҲͬܳô˻ңһʺơ
ǡһλĵˣշתѰ˵һ̿Ҫ֡
ú̿ɳ͢ƣοǺʱ򣬳еĲ̿ԶԶڹͼ˼
õûлɶԷݡ֮ʮ⣬ҲȫȻɸɾż˽˽ʮЩ͵͵룬ȴδǾֵĵط
ҹԭõĽʱ䡣ȵ˹ǣ֪Լ˴żæŵܻؼʰ׼ʱӦĻǾץס
Ϊսɳ꣬ϵɱ¾أа˸ߵĴϣڳ֮˷׷ľսʮѳ棬֮˲ǡѲֲʶã
ң񣬲ʵİͼ˺üͷͦϸµ⣬ĵһƬͷˣ֪¡
ģ֪Щʲôñ׺ݣŭԽɲͼѺմն
һдŮ죬ǱŵģǺ£׷
뿪ļ̌ȸߣȴ˽ס
˾ͽľ
ľعͷŮУɺһ˫վм䣬ֱֱ
£ľͷ
ֻһʢĴ߶סƼңҲƼҸҵĴ򣬾ԶƼҵˣǷƼҵģܼȣ
ԣĽŲҲһס
ȻŹͼľŮСĹϵ뾸Զϵǳ޹ְҪִⱣͼǶԵȷǼֵ¡
ǲȣôˡľȥֱ׳ԶƼҵֲǣǻҺθɡ
ǻʼˣƽյΪЩվлʼ˵ƣվƽȴ˵
㲻⸱ģֻ֪罫ǧ裬Ϊ˳߹һЩδرȵԼ񾹱ľȽŷ
ͷԼĸסûеûҪٲά裬ͼһƼұӵŮ˿ɼ̤룬ʡ
ҧҧȹߵľǰȻץס½ǣ޵滨꣬㣬ȾҸףҲˣø㣬øòãֻܾҸһ
ľգһۣɫ䵭ؽԼȹק˳ֵ˵㲻Ҳ̫ԼˣԭҵģõʸûС
һһ䣬һвĿڡĿ֮£Ʊ˰·費Ϊ˸׵ٶȵ£ҵҵֻƭ޹ģǲɱҵǲɱ
ӽƸʼľһֱֵú䵭·ֵġֱһ޹ȻЦ޹޹ģ޹ҹ˶սĽʿֽʲôӦƾʲôͽսĽʿͲˣ
ǰߣ°ŤķңңָţŷѲƵʱ򣬺ؽǣԾδǵãʿ̤㣬תͷͽ˽ĵǵ˼ѵû˵ؼҹؼٷкЩˡӦ֪ؽĶڹ⣬޶δ˵ϣΪ˱аգȺǣ
ľǵͨ죬һһ٣ƾʲôΪһֵƴǰģҹģκһֵǮ
ɵ㶵ؿȻһһ仰Ҳ˵
ľһѹסŭתͷ֮⣬첽үӡ
˶ӣľľۡ
ּϣүӽűߣధ󣬡游游Ⱦȸס
үӿԼŮĲ̣̾һĵձNɷͨѹӦ壬ʥԸһ棬ֻͼһˣ飬ֻõԸֵͬ𡣡
ʱƼһָƣóԾҪƼЭ飬ʱȴҪͨ䡣
үӥһĿɨһͣҲˡ
⻰˵꣬˷׷ҡͷ·ܿһ㣬æҵͼԶԶġƷˣҲֽŲõסŮ죬קΨŮ˵ôҪһᡣ
ûš



Ƽҵ, ˲Ъһȴµ鷳
гǼţһ, гˡ
ôˣʵ
гԭǺؽأغسְ֮㽻Ӹ¸л尴ʮ
ߵ˲֪˳ͻϺ˧δ, ʿҲʼ, ¡ͣ£עľɫ
ֻ˵ع˼ҡľֻطôϢ, һֱԱߣҲ廰ʱſ˵˵һ仰
һҲһǰȹһ㣬γڽʿ𡣡
ʮǵĽʿжˣ٣, ֪һ̡˶Գ͢ûģ, ܲסĻ̡̻
гǱNĵһߣҡ
һҪȥг򡣡
ؽ֪ɲͬȾ, гǵĽʿôҲ仰
ľһֱα˼Ӳ˵ϣʶزűĴӡ۾, Ҳ֪ʲô
Ȼȥɡ
һ䣬˷׷׿
ľǵľԶ㼴ȥˣҲﲻæû˵仰
˵鷳
ҿ԰æľվĿⲻܲãֱҪȶģұʡ
ôȡ˵һ룬ľϡ
ģҪȥгǣΪ˾ԶҲԣ˴֡ľ˾ͽNĿ뽫ʿͬǰߣһļ
ȹཫʿԳ͢Ļ䣬ҽݣĸƽȴľȷв˲ԸΪNսҲھĴҵҪݺ󷽵
Żңǰߣܱ̬͢ȡ
λ֮ҹԾϡľΪѹʵ˾򸾸˵顣
ʮǵؽ֪£һԺȹһս֮󣬳͢еƵ֪Щͷϣ˱ȱжס
µ۵ǻ˧Ϯоλҵ׵ľɲһһȰ˵ٴڱNĹ֮¡
ԭԳ͢ʧµ۵ǻ俪ʼӾ·չ䣬֮޷ȴȻµ۳ֹ̬ȣš
ڱNһҪգ֪Ը˧Ȱ˵ôһԭ򣬲±N
ԭ˧ƺòȢ˧ıáȻףNǱNֲǴǰǸNһȨߣǿϣ
£гǿΣյúܡ̽
ľЦǾǱNĽʿ򲻹𣿡
һ㶣Ц
ĮܿܶǣΨһûеĵطҹ졣
߳ãľͷһطϣҹ춼ΧոһЩ
ط˳ľµ첽ȥ
Ƹҳһ࣬ľȻסү˵סںظ̬մžҪǰгǣҲֻסһ
֪ҹ컹һ֣ط˵
ľתͷ
֮ǰδŮҲᵶսɱСطᣬС㽿˵ǰȴüط侲ǣΪؽûк֮ǵս
ֻӲӢۡ
ľҡҡͷúطھУҹۡսƬˣϣۣͨʮǣҲʮǡ
һλѰȰĳĽľ紵ҵͷڶ󣬡Կû£Ҳû¡
ľգգۣҹ졣
峿ľ붭һ֧׼ľδԭ˼굥ı£ٶȣֻ˷ʱ䣬ûÿ졣
ʱ
Ҫʲôľҹһҹδߣ磬𴲶Ǿͻͻֱĸˡ
һȥгǰһ
ľüֲȥ棬Ųʲô
ԭѾһԴɵδĹǻһгأҪؼҡȫһֲ鷳
㣡ľ˻һһܾܾҪȥԼɷڶǷΪ׵ֶŮֺγ
ԭԽ絽гԽãľûӣҧҧȹ
Ϊ˽ųܿһ㣬ľ׼ҲطСݲ˼ӣ뼪һ𣬸ӵ
һС·͸졣
һ·ҲƵģľֱͷ͵ؿҪİĦⲻʡ
棬İ˽Цǽ
ľһۣߵܣ뷨תעָһ·϶ûɹİ
խ־ܴ
ƵŲһŲһָͷܽһŰѰСķϥϣһһ򿪣¶Ķ
һͷ棬ֹϸ£ϵķ˽β顣ͷ֮Ǻɫ·ɫϲ
·Σһס
ľʧ񣬱һδţҪݹس˳ӣܽؼҡ
ʮ˳ŵĻϲֻ˿ȢȥóԸ
·ϵüľ嶼ʱҪɢܣ֨ѽ֨ѽ
żٴϸµؽãľû˵
ȴƫƫһü԰ţΣһ׺ÿ𣿸ʱҲ㶨һףݵ˿񣬿ǱNһ
ҲòϣľֺһˮҵĻҪ񲿣Գһʱ˽ҵͷ
һΣһ
⻰źܲԾľ촽ʲô˼
뾸Զټޣҡ

ľǿˣⱲǶδǵȻһЩµ£ɲһá
۽޲˲ں룬Ҳζƽ
عǺȻ𡣼Źʮ䣬һӲһڰο
³гǣӱޣȻŵҲյľ롣
һ˽ϣǵгǳǣҪνľͽгǡ
ΪNĵһߣĶעĵгǸҲ˱û࣬ҲС
ľгܰģNκһص䵽ڱͻɢľٸһ
ǳЪһסڸãšǳǡгǽԲ֪ľĵ
һȺ취ľȴ˳
ľףгǣȻҪΪڻ
ôͲÿԽԽ󡣡ߡ
ľһ˽ǾѾѣԼֻʱǳǡ
ľѵûкܣšü¶ûвҲҽǵķ𣿡
㵽ʲô˼еĻҲôʧˡ
°ͣʣòΪ˻ΪǶǴԼɣ
ľûһΪ;Զͬˣܱء
һΣǲ㣬ֻҪ˽ǣһ㲻ҲЦЦʹ㣬ǲЩͨ˵ǲǵֵǮڿġ㣬Ϊ˾ͽԼǰзϣֻҪǰߣȶģʿ
˿ڹвзϣľ޲øһۡ
ֻҪгţʿʿӭеģסˣNܻˡ

ư

ľ䲻ذο, Ȼһļ磬ҳףһ׻ɡ
ֲ֧, ôҪˣ
ľҲǹѹüͷҲһǧ֪
ڶ峿δ, ľٴγ
΢, ּҶ͸и·ֻһӰƿҶϺ¶
һ۵ʮ˵ڻ, ǳǳгСѸٵرȥ
ݳǶŶңϵ·ֻݵɫУѱ֡
ʮͨгǵĵ·϶һ֧, ȥгǵˣȻд, ǵĿģΪ˻һ
ٴδܳһѵصʿսֱߵĵ
Ѿĵļ, ѣֻǰлʮǵļƻΪʿǱ˶, һҵ׳սԽʿǶĹ衣
õ̻죬ڰʿ׷׸һƬ֡
ѣٳֵΡ
ĽѾһصСһ·ͨؽгǡ
ʱӳ̽ͷ·һۡûˣĵˣǵˣû
ľûӶԶǵĵֱӪ
尴ııˣľʱòɿؽµȰȰҲûã尴ǷĻߣͷβûֹ
ľ·˾ǣæӭȥ
ʲô
ЩΪѵ⡭ؿԭǵ齫˵Ҫд֣һʼúõģ齫˵ˣթ㡭
ؽ˴γֱߴ븱˳ȥسǡƢãгǵʿֹ尴ʿ֮гǴ˶ؽȥˣسǵ尴ȴʮ
Լĵ̣尴ѹһͷ
尴µأľʡ
Ϊѵͷ˹䳡ָԶкýе˷ܵλǶء
˳ָķһľһˡлϽº齫Ĺʱӱׯ˵ڴһܣˡ
ľץץͷ˽й
ں齫ԸľţӼçֱƫƫֻ۸ķݡ
˺˼βźĺ齫ľһ㶡һرǱNʱ飬˺꣬δ˵˾ͽսοǸĹ
ƾľгǵΪ齫Ҳ
ľڰ֣ˣס֡
ôȥҲصĴˣгԼܽԼð
һСָ齫ЩԽ˺ͣ
ºܿס֡
һʱ䣬˶Ź䳡ϵŮӣСں齫վţһָͷܽƵ
ڶ̽Ŀ⣬ľӦֻվ棬ʿ˽ԴҪδã
Զʮ
תͷʺ齫ǵĹأ
齫һ£ʮ
аɣľǵľ棬ܵĶȥ췣ɡ
һɧȻһС⴦Ƕ齫ֱ˵ʳΪҪ
ľʣлĹѲǼнʿܣȰ裬𷣣Ҫк𣿡
Ǻ齫ٳٶۣҲָɣ
̺ӦȨ־˰ɡ
Ҳδֻ֣һ£Ŀά־мɣзͣƻľһɨµʿԼ˴ԼҲͦãʱĲѴ֮׹гǣ֪ģΪĵء
ڳٶĽ֣ƵƵžǽԶʹľۣ衣
˲͢Ҳôһģ
ľգգۣ䵭ֳһӣڱɱҲһġ
һƬȻƺûϵһǿˡ
˭ǣ͢ǣ׿ͬ˵ˣ齫׿ͬ˵ˣ
˷ֲ͢ǵһ£ƾʲôβǰװ
ƾңľָԼң˾ͽľгǣǱ֤͢
ı֤ʲôã̵ǣֲ㡣
Щȹһ۵ϱ಻ֿտڰĳŵ
ǳ͢ԮгǷܴ󣬽ľͷúҡȼӳľܻԾȴ
ȼӢ顣

Ѿա
شĮ֮УˮԴ
ȻѳȴҲѹΧȻҪ÷绯ʯ׼ɽ֮ƣΧľݹNȴս١
ôȥǰ취ȵɫЩסʵڲУɱȥɡ
СڱʯȽǱȴʮֳȡ
Ѳ
Ȳ˵ĵƣɱȥѣǵĽʿݲ㣬ı棬ǿ׳Ǵ򲻹ؽҲ˹ϵĽ顣
ǸΣһոһյȥϵ𽥱ĥ
ؽû˵г仹尴ʮϳ֣ӦɳĮս͵ϮãĮֱϣľԶ尴о顣
ٿȻָۣʶĦǹͷӧ°͹ƽġ֡
Ҵһ˳ȥ
ʱȥ˧ؽͬ
ҲڵҴ˳ȥ취г֮ڵˣǷļʹķֱֳгǡʱһǱĺݹ㣬ٴ˽Ӫһյͬʱ
ÿķīڵͫӹһ˿ɱ⣬뽫ǲɴΪڰнһء
ķŻķ֪Ƚһ
ƻû⣬δܳȥأҪгǣȵҪȥšüǳȥˣгжԶǻθϵüϵڵˣ۷ĵӪ
Ҫľгǣڴ˾ֻٲܶࡣĴѹ֣
Ҫ졣㶯
Уֻһʲô£µȪ˧ؽлˣúκɭȥҲһ
һӣǳʲô£µ֮ˣĹвͬҪݾߣֻʡ
ڳĶࡣ֮ϣĴ̿ͣѵصʿֹͬ̿ܣɱ䲻⡣ԵĴ̿Ͳ٣Ҳһݵ֡ҪܿĵĲȷʵѡ
ûٵȺؽȰ̧֣˰ĿڣɫؽԥˣҪ졣

Լ

ľǰ, ûɵؾһϣЩ
ôˣһԵʿŵ
⼸գľеر˳̬͢, һĿͬԣҲУͷϡҲУɳ, ʿʿ
û¡ľҡҡͷ, ҧͷʣǶˣ
ʮ
ʮһ
Ҷʮߣ

˽ԺϲλкܽݵĿ, ദϵҲͺܶࡣ
ľ˽⣬ʣ޶Сðɣ
Щѧûһ, Ǻٱֵú
ս, ûв˼ҵˣһʣ׷״˻ϻӡ
ҶӽѧãԻ˵ڶأƤڵĴ˵Ƿ߷һĴ, ְдĹһԭܿͷ, дַӿ˺죡
Ժǰͬѧ̫ѧһѵʾ⣬ѧƹȥǰѧҪÑľûѧѧֻ轻һ鱾ѣֶຮѧӡ
ҼҾһһ˳ԱȫҲһɵǺЦš
ľһ񣬸ոǴ󺺱͵͵˵ǰȫʱˡ
ĿNķȣֻһжսڽţҲƽԭ
˵ʮ
гǵĵһ죬Ϊͣ˵ЩĵĻЩΡ
˵ǴףشӮ̣ҾͻȥȢȥ
Ա壬ģΪһȥ
Ҳµȥ˼ˣ
ߵǺŲ£Ϲ˵ʲôƨ˵˻ң
ֳ
ľһЦҲż룬ǵףҸдһ֣úϡͷֱȻһģдôģдĿɺÿˣ
Ļܺòÿ־ѾˡʿҲҪ֣ľһһӦ£úúãҪʲô֣ǰٻȫдˣ˵ãÿ˾ĸְдˡ
ǷΧ̫֣ľͷһȣһ֣غһڴӦ
ǵء
ľһתͷЦü黫թļһϲϵɳվôˣ
Ǳ߱ˣˣ˷ִ磬ǳǳǶһ𣬸һѶˡ·ûأҲ͹ˡüקӪߡ
㻹ڰȻʿҳˣôһȺˣλүᰡ
ᵽڣĸоٴӿͷľüȥݲݵֲ˭ᡣʣǶأ£
гǵһգǻ͵ûˣֻһ·ĵˣĵע⡣гǺһֱҲû˵Ƕ˵Ϣ
û¡ڰ֣ڳı飬ʲô£ǱNһĻǱQķݡ
ľŷģӪԽԽԶź֪ҪȥĶ
ҵĿ㻹һֻ˵ְɣӪꡣڳһֻ˼ҲúùܹԼɡקֻǰߣ߶߶䣬ȴľͷߡ
Ϊץסľ֮䲼˲ٱǳǵıֻسǣıǰߣôһˡһû䡣
˳гǣֻ˵Զӵȷãʹ˿Ҫ˵¡
֮ǰֻǻ̽һأгǣսҪʼˡ
ȼˣЩɬЩĽʱˣǵöչ˺ľľľĵ¡ԶԼһ߻ҪȴСԼˡ
ˣ⼸ȥӪ۾ɷ
Ϊʲôľλνţ⡣
ԭûǴ˵û˿㣬ҩҲһûһ٣ٸ˭ײһ£ˡҲûһһзϡ
ľԼƢãǰƢڸ˴һ١
ϴ˯ʱľץűһ飬εгǣ뼪˵Ļһ
ľŶһ۾˯
Ϩ˳ȥϵ˺Ȼۣ¹۵ףƬ磬ְ˰ԼĿڡ
Ȼ˵ĻûǾﲻԣңɲԾйء
ɲԾպõ֤ʵ
ľʱͷЩۡŶͷǿۣ⣬հһ˲
̰˯ûԴӵ˯һֱܲ콫ʱˡ£ƺǿ쵽硣
ҹľƺһӦûʲôֵĶҩһ˼ͻȻ
ǵʱ򣬼ﻹ·˵ǲ·ĳߴ磬ȥһ׻

ָݺݿ۽أҪݵĻôôżҪߴ硣
ܳƣľһսġ
ˡ
Ҵҵ˴ƿţײ
ˣЩ⣬죬𽥱ȵ֪ؽһ
Щҡ
ҹľŷסڵĸԶŽúʲô
Խţս޶ɱĮ
˾ͽľһгǱؽĴңĲŹһٻгǵĺûᣬˣŻȫСȱΧıNûᡣ
˶ţⳡƻؼšµļվϳǽֻѰᡱɱ˽Ҿġ
޹ֺҪ·
ľ˳ǽӭŻѪʿǽ֮£ҵ˼
һʸӶƿնľȥһǳѪۡ
ôˣ齫׷ɶļʸ¡
ľײǽשϣĳǽ紵ǽֲڣײۡ
ڵϣҽĿڲһؼеѪɫȾҹľİȹϡ
ľһҵȥ
ȵ˼ߣһۿ˼ʸλáĿû룬һдѪӿɴҲֹסӿѪǺڵģж
޵촽ͬЦȴ͵ŻһѪľϡ
ľͫһס֡
ָҲǱģʪ妣ľľս
𺰡ü㳳ˡ
죡ľð俤һÿ
ڽһЦǻѵغǳûˡҪҺÿ±Ӱɡ
о綾Ȳˡ
ҽͣҩ˶٣Ĳ̣ǽҩߡ
ҩʯЧﻹܹˣʧȥһ˹Ȼ˱ʹǣҪȸϣ
Ұץ߶û޹ɫ԰ףûǷźɬۣ۾Ȼһ£ľǴӢۣȥӦ㹻˰ɡ
һҲ棡ľȻ˵˭ŭһݺĨһᡣ
ַѾһްΪҸ˲ŶԡڵˣҵҲڵء
ıȻ촽¶һɬЦҵÿȥһȼˣȢ˱Ĺôãǵýһֲˡ
Ŀ⽥ɢųǽ֮ӭԵս졣
лҪ˵ԼվԺǰЩ׾һ˫۾һӣִٵͷ˵ңҪξȥˣͲȥͷϷϷˣҲȥԻˡ
Ů֣Ьӣգգۣʲôѽ
ӣû㿴ϷԻһˣơŤͷԺʣһĨ졣
ףŮɻߵǰȻŴչȥŵһЩˤ
ӣǲϲѽŮЦס
㣡ҲҪ˵ߣŭŵ˶ӣԼȴû˦֡
ʲôѽӾľͷԴŮߺ۾תת̾˿ǺðɣȻ㲻ϲҵĻǾˣ̻ףһϲǿɲԣ
һۣ죬û˵ʲôòŽԡ
׿Щ벻ʡ
˵ʲô԰ŮŶ䣬š
Ƥܻԣ
Ů֪ʣʲôѽ
޸ˣԣСץסŮ֣ףһһ䣬ֻҴʤ̻Ȣ㡣
ֱߣŮԴΪʲôҪ޸أ
˼һ£ԼƺȷûгֻõңҸϷӣдǳףϷӳҹϷ
Ůһӣ޵촽𣬡ӣǺˣɲڡ



ĩ, Уⳡ̴һֱʮǡ
ս, Įԭɱ¡Nǰŵüת˴οµ۱ƹλãˮþý֡
ǰٱNı߳ǻʯⱱN͵Ϯ, ҰҲûϵ, NֳˣԶƴƬɳĮҹϮʯ, ˽һ⡣ѳģҰʴĴ󲿷ݹ
ЧN֮ƿںˮгǣгǵıʿͬĮҰ, սⰺسͰ, ޴֡
ÿÿսNսĹĵ֣δұNʿʧ˽ࡣ
гǽϳվλŮ, ִ鳣ػڹϡ
Nʿ֪ǱNĿͷ, һĨɫΪֻۡҪ죬ĵ㣬ûˡ
޶СŵǵѪĮǧӣѪNĳǳȥ
һ̴΢ǻĺδ֮ͣ־
ǽ֮ҵƻ΢죬۳Ǻӣԭսʿǵ
֪˭һԮˣľضɽҡ̤ϣѳӿĳϽӡ
صĳŴ򿪣ǰɱսʿ˸ಢսͬ顣
ǰȹأԮӦžڵɱ̤N㡣ĮĮɳҹǡ
ˣپˡ
꣬ʮߣгһսİɳ塣
ͬգڽһսĺڽʧء
꣬إʯһսĻʯǿա

꣬إߡ
̤ǹ׼ףǰ
ĽڽڰˣзµͳĹԱԽԽࡣǳʱڣµ۱ѹŭͬʱѱȥزûؾĴڷַϭģµ۶㡢֤߱׮׮һһгϭһ˷Ӧ
ڻңɢ
ڣȻûҰŶϣŵЦӣҰܵǻعⷵգ¶ߺ޵Ĺ⡣
ǹڿлһߣ̧۴Էͷɥ֮ȮӣܺĳһĨЦδ㹷׼ңλ
Ұץֱ
ĸҰĵһʿУս޲ʤܡԱN֪ľߣ֪սҲڻԼδܹ֪һֱţгһ̤ƽN֤֪ǸĹңȫǿЦ
һٶİ֪ĶǸѧıNϡ
ڣ㿴˭Ұ֣Ӵ֮ƳһľŽ̼ܣ⼣߰ߵһˡûһ⣬ȻǱ̼
ߵĹϺһأҧ÷Ŀѡ
Ƕ
ڼǵǵ˸ǽ֪ˣľһսɱУΪصĴӢۡ
ǵľ˵װ֣ɽ̼ϵˣѪۣûһɾط
ɫ࣬ǹս˼֣үү
ȴ״ҰĶС
ˣգ̧ͷ¶һЦȻ΢Ц
Ұ߳ŭܻ˦ȥһӡһûһµ˺ۡѾ޴ˡ
Ҫɱ㣡Ҳ̲סᵶҪȥȴؽ¡
ؽҪ嶯
ҰҲ֮ϣϵĹϣѹĵսɱĲٵʿڿɺޣҲɺޡ
ͬû⣬ֻҪǣһһҰ־䣬˺⡣
ңңҡҡͷЦܺʵڹѧʱһôС
ţϿغһʲô
붭ڹѧƺ߹Ӱĺֵܣþˣ˻ͬѧϳȥڣ³һѪϿ˶죬ûһ
һʩ£˧ؽͬʱ۵ɱ
ѣҹ
ִսǽ
ѣҹ
ʦжһϢߣã
֪ʱںȹعذϵ֡

꣬ʮˣ͡µٵǣױţԸ뱱N֮ƽ
һ̣ȫʤ
˽ĵһꡣѹǣ׹գ룬վҹǰ
ĮҹǣսɳϵĽʿܻ㶼ˡǽ
쾭ڷ񣬺Хķɳҹڲ֮£ϴ
ļ̌ͷһѺֽŵʿǵ֡ûʳԣҲʳԡ
ȥַ֣£ЩҲֵģһҹǰˡ
갧Ϊ֮衣

гⲻʮĵطһ۵Ĵ䣬˵Ǵ䣬Ҳֻǵļݣսʼ˶ȥˣû̡
һ·߹ȥưܣӵúܼһ䷿Ŷûü
ľڵһⲻͬéǰٻ˽ذԼסĴǰ̫һ
Ĺܵ͵ô·ģ粻ȥ£һ鳤խľ壬ϵּǳŮ֣֮һһдĺ档
ɽ֮Ĺ
ŵǼδ
һս֮ҵȹѰδҵˡʬף֪Ǳץȥˡ֪ҵ䣬̿򣬱˵ڴԾˡŷŹڣׯصڷǰ㣬϶ܵأݿة˹֪ǺɽδޣԺɽü¡
ʱ¿ʼﻮãжԺɽ˼һѣ϶һλ
ָסüġ
˵ľ߶£һΣƽƣڵƼϿһֻƽƣŵľǺɽ֣ǼΪ󡣡
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ڣľۣĵʱȥһݰɣյƽơ
á

β

ľ̫ûҽ, ֲúϢҪ³ǣ򿴿
Ȼȥ, һҪ죬æ˱ȥ㡣ϵĻۡں齫ʱδ˼ҪϵǳӦ̡
ļ̌ץס, ŭô, ࣬㷭ǰɡ
ڵʳָ˳ƲϸļЩЦ, ѵΪһʼǿˣ
ľһۣˣС
ճܻת뿪
ȷľ뿪ߣڵӻΣڵϣɫȻ԰ֽ, ȳһѪ
үǰסү, ǿ㿤ȥġ
ϵʹü
ǲһ·ͨ裬ĺܿ췢쳣, ʱ׷ʮǣԭͺķ˴ڼϻ˼, Ҽ޶ֻּҪطҹķľ˿һֱòϣԽء
ĳЩ˵Һү뿤ȷʵһˣԼ
պľ̻³ǡ
Ѻ󣬷ԼԼǼܣ֮һֱľá
үˡľŲӹ鿴䲻á
күˣǺòˡ
ľſڣľ͵죬ڲ˴㡣
ģͷβʲô鶼Ҳ˵ģѰڽ֧ȥ³ǡʱڻ˽ӹľԼȥ
ߣʹⱲӶ֪¡
ľľҴˡȻľѾ֪˵£ú塣
ûдþԶСôܻдľһĺס
ˡǴ֮ˣʲôõϢܲסϲʲô¶
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Ķˡڻϣ֧Ҫ
ϱϾˣľ⻹עҪתȥ£
ֱŵһ
ǰҲûôס
ͷϣĸҴùͷʵʵ¡ԶĿһУСݣľǰʲôǡ
ꤣ
һ°ںȻڵľľұ
ľû
ںȻ˻һһľ̹ߣ˿ˣ
šüͷˡ˶٣ľľܺá
ľʶԼˣˣӵΣȻȥܿˣԴĿڡ
޳ʳָƵģ˳ĺһһĦһЦˣڲˡ
Сһرã֪ڲһۣǸ
ҺˡľƵ½Ƶ
֪´βˡΪҵľľģ֪ˣҼľľּǿһ
˰ţľĶ߾ȽһͻȻ̧ͷһ䣬ֻ׵ĺᡣ
ӵĺ촽˹
ľľһһˣʡ
ʲôʣľһͷˮؿ
׵Ǻᣬû
ҧҧסˣû¡

¿սǻָ˰ѵ֪ˣҲδŴģúˣдһҳֽľعء
ڿŵʱľ࣬ǹɣɫ١
һһӣ°͸ľļѣȻۡ
عأѵһֱģǲ֪һ仰С⣬ܡ
һһ·Ҳûôڹ¸պõ˻ᣬ³йޱУǻصľΪ˶ѧ黭ǽԶӡ
˯ô˯ıһࣿľüβ
ӻص³ǣ˯Ķ粽롣ڳǰδй£¾Ͳô˻һסһԺӡ
ù緹ȹҩڲľ˯һ
һڣȫŮҵܰ㡣۽ƣ̫ã˻ҪϢ
˯ʲôľЩЦƿԼϵ֣
㡣
̾һҲͬ棬ִյļѿţȥƸˡ
ʲôľһ㣬Ƹô˵
ʲô˵ģѲɲޣ˶˯ˣ벻ˣˡ
˯ۣǽһ
ú˵ľûҲ֪ʱôûƤûģﻹǰǸ˷Сү
Ѳ㲻ޣֱָӣɲС
ľûв룬ѵҪӳ𣿡
ҵģھ͵ǣҪӳ顣ָƯ۽ǣЦصģңеҶãֻҪԹҾС

ݵĺϢһ·紫ģ֮ȥģнģ뽫ʿˣԶٸ꣬ľ
ԭĽ뾸Զһҹ֮䣬ĴӢۡ෹󣬶̸ۿлȣүս֮
ľǰЩĹҰԾ˶һ֮˵϶Ϣ֪ôʹˡͬʱвٰշ׷׵ԼǰȨ裬ǿΪǳͷ
ַ֣ʷΪ׵Ĺ٣ԾԶ̬ȴΪĹۣ׷Ϊ˵ﾸԶ˳ᢡʤǧ
ľĺǸˣｫԽԽ
ٹ죬ִԶõĴԡͷβ˵ɲŮò֮ϣһĥѣսЯֲʵһμѻżɿүδߵ̫Ƿ񲻺񷨣˳̰Ӣۡһ鷨عʶһ׮ԵһСƨʲô氮
ĴԣֿԺѾŲµƸͰ׵Ȼˡ
ĹôһٳȥǰоԶһ·չ˹Ȼչ˵Լȥˡ
￴޳У֬ˮۣüЦԶĴľ͹ˡ
ż±ϸϸҲýľҪԶޣȥڡүܴ߱鱱NɼԸľɻľҲڡ
罫ԶµĲƲһľѵÿֱϲϲӦ˰ɡοүԸȢľɼǰ
ãʱ߷̡
ȹأ鳼ʹȵ۲ǰʱȵʵܣиΪ˺úøӳ󣬱˳֣¡
ȵ۷ɹڣ֣δȵģٱץסͷЮӶȨʱʹȫΨлĿܡȵ㲻ܿڡ˾֮⡣
ܾ˵ĵڶΡ
һľ꣬ͬɾܾ֪ķˡ¸ңú˼װЮԴҪЮȰȵ۷ϧӱľȥˡ
Щ飬ڵһδʱ֪ˡ
רͬǸڲδ˵ʲô̸ֻ˭˭
ǵȰ˵ȵ۷ȵ۶ɣٽѵ۽ӻعУδػܻڡȹһսʤıNǣƮҡҲδܴڶá
˭ֲˣԼ
ڣҩľŬŬ°͡ҩһģһڵġ
ڴ§סĲྱŲЩ̫ˡ
ľССһҶ¿ʲôתͷӡĴڻ𣿡
ĿԽõϵ롣һ±ס𡣡
лҪ˵ᣡ

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