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ȡ
ƮƮϵĺͷ졣
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ŶĶСԺԺӲвӲݣиСˮأ滹Ųٻˮ
ƮƮֻ̽ͣһ䡣˵ˣطҲţǻܰſҡ
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5

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6

ϴĻһһ˿ҡ
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ƮƮǰϷŵϣԾƳǷڵ࣬Ǻࡣ
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лҪ˵DICɢѪѪ

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7

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̕D߸СʱľѪϴ󣬴Կ׳š
е㶾࣬ʱż΢磬˻ˬ
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8

ţų꣬ƮƮʱ̕Dֲ֪ʲôʱѾǮˡ
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پգ1200׵ĵطֵġȽ⣬ӽġϰ˵꣬ƮƮȤʼ⡣֮󣬿ʼƼƮƮԺһʱò⣬ܶ໨û˵֪ʲôӡ
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9

Եѧʺܶࡣ
ƮƮ̕D罽ˮɵأʱزŪ鿴˺ö⡣һһ͸ֱ̫ɽƮƮŻȻԭ컹ְ
زʪҲʣ졣˵
Щ粻ɣ
ᣬǵýˮС
ƮƮͷ֪Լ̫򵥣˷˼һ硣
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ƮƮվſڣϴֵʱҽְҵ쵽⣬׼߲ϴַϴɾ֮󣬻ʶؾ˫֡
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̕DסԣǰڻһȦȻɾ࣬ŵŮӰõζǽ߲ƣҲݽЩƤҾǾʮϼҾߣһľͷɳŸС輸Ա߻аİɫӡϼֻԳţܿŵ˴
Ҫ˵΢ʾʱ
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10

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峿ǰ̕DյƮƮĻš˻ظɡæһҹϢʱѾ賿ĵˣ´ŵ
̕D˸û¡֮󣬾ȥˡ
ʮСʱٳʱѾҹĻ١
칫ڣĿ񡣴ӣ񾭸յõɣͷһƽʱҽ֮ƴڻ֣ԴŻҡ
鿴һȾֳ߰˸˶һſڣ޺á֣ɱһʮ˱Ÿ첲زסѲˣѹֺͿƵغ𣺡˵仰
Է޺ҽСáǰƽڳҽԱ
̕Dץһ֪ͨˣ
ǣ֪̫ͨ꣡ûˣԼǵҪԺڳ˻Թǣ
̕D˲Сҽķ߿ļȺ
ƮƮڽδһ뻹ڸʦѧϰ壬һһ˷ӵѲµʵʵڣһƽÿ˵޲ܳˡ
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źúõ˽ҽԺûˣһôء
ӹҽģ
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׳ҽǷ׷׼롰ܡӣһȷǳҡֱ;쵽άס档
ҽԡҽ̣֡һ»ͨһԭ򡣵ÿ궼һЩսߡʵ̫Ҳֻϵù
˫ҽƽѯʣ˸øʲôʲôȥʿҩԱɨǽ壬ܵҽǼԼûˡ
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һֻкܽܽųζǸζһζеš
֪ôģȻԼһȭһȭģɫ˵Ļ档
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ƮƮʲôѩɱ𾪡

ҽզ¶ʲôɣѩ̫ȣﶼ֯䡣
ƮƮɫϽ͵ʦҩѣϹʲôأ
ɱˣôƫƫ͸ҩϣʲôʱһҽʦõŸһСʵϰҩˣѩһѾ͸һУʵģ
ƮƮΣģҸղǰˣ˳ֶѡ
ѩ岻ţɡ
ͦƮƮһԴչ̲ͩסͼӴףͦźϢûܿϷ
ƮƮһѩ˵ʦסھӣ˽ʶ治ǧ𵽴˵Ӱ첻õġ
ھӣѩ嵹û뵽ûʣһˡ
̕DװֱƮƮö󻹲ĸ첲˫˫߳칫ҡ
ȻǿƮƮһ𾪺ͽӲѩǲҪһղװʲôҲûҽԱҲòҪ
лҪ˵
ллСͶס
ллվͿһᡢСݵӪҺԲҸŪô鿴ӪҺϸ
ллң8~

11

Ρ
ƮƮϣҽ̧ø߸ߵģѪյţ֪ôӦΡ
ҽ
š̕DʻҽԺ͸һۡ
ҾãͬѧˡƮƮôʡ
ô˵
ţҡֹϵ
̕Dֿһۡ
ƮƮԴ˵Ӱ첻áȻѾ͹ˣǺš´ȥл鷳
̕Dšһûκ
ƮƮ̲ס̧ͷô죿
̕Dźƣ۾Ҫ¡
ƮƮҲ֪˵ʲô
ʡ
á
𣿡
е롣ֱӵͷеŤǡ
̕DС鿴˸ףЦˣͱˡ
ƮƮЦЩ壬βƵġáһ
ʮӵ·˹
ֱݻ̲ͣסЩ棺ǵ𣿡
ҽ˶࣬Ҳ㡣
ŶƮƮαϣȻе̣˻ֲлл
һν̕Dļҡ
ͬĸ֣ȴȫͬķò
ŽͥԺ
ľ¡ȻǶЩʲôǺɫģһؿǽǣؾأҺô󣬾ȻиľͤӡԱ߿ˮԴĵطиС¹û򿪵ƾͿƮŵҶӣǺҶ
Сţվſڿ
Լ߰ɡƮƮűţԼûô˲Ҫʱ̲
̕D򿪵ƣ̨ףһֻٱĻˡ
ƮƮֻñݡ
һס𣿡Ȼлɡ
ǡ
ö鰡վڿھ̾ʽ󷿣ִװޣǰͿǽȻȫ顣
Ҹ׵顣̕D򿪿յɳϣԼϴ֣¥·ʱ͵
˾ƾƬ֣ŰȡӺŵ輸ϡ
湴ƮƮĲ棬Լ˵Ĳ֡׾ز֣˼ÿӸ
ллڨڨЦЦͻȻСһ¡
ôˣ
͡
̕DЦˣһѡ
ƮƮ˼ؿ
Ȳ𣿡ͬѧְҶģһЩҶ
ȡ
أҲԡ
̕DЦǴʲôˣҶ
ƮƮҭס죬ֱϡȳˣʡΡ
̕DһСһСڵרĳ棬ĿҲˡ
۾Щ˵ʱ򣬴ż롣ֻҪһڣϰԵЦ仹¶һȻȸС
ƤףҲϸ塣ʱСèһһµģͦɰ
ƮƮͷϵߣӲһĸס𣿡
Ҹ׹ˣĸбĹޡ˵ţ˿档
ƮƮ̧ͷǸ⡣ֻģû뵽Ļش
ֱ飬Ǻܾ֮ǰˡЦһ¡
ƮƮȴе㲻ܣû뵽ļͥġ
Σû衣Ҳؿڣ֪ΪʲôҪ˵
̕D
˵ҰͷʱʶŮӣһ˾ͷˡұȥӸүү̣ԼȥˡСʱ򻹼һΣҲû˵ˣʬ嶼ûҵƮƮ˵Լûʲô
˿
֮øˣүүֲ֢ʵǼͦġߵʱһǺƽģȻҲģҾٶ˵Ǹѡ
̕Dǹ˱ĳ嶯Խǿҡ
įȴûв
죬Ҳôġ
죬ƣعսӣŴ󲽳ߡӶǸϿϴ裬˯һһӰͻȻӸǸԺֱܳ·ߵֽ䡣
ʶھӣ۵һֽصһص档
ţ޲ҪٴΰᶯӣԺڴһŭǿЦԭأһţͻȻ
ɡƹߡû֣ͷʹޡ
Ҳ֪̫ңʹȥվסͣ룬ת˻ȥǰסꡣ
ţƺо˲Ծͷ۾ľǰ
¶ƣ
һ˲䣬ͬһ̡ͬ뷨ǾǱʲô˵ʲôҲ˵
ҲҪֱ鿴ҡƮƮСڣղŵĻؾ
ߣҳԼ۾˱Ķеţ˵ʲôҲʲôֲֻܴ֪ʲôĶ
Һ֪㡣ˣ˵ˡһ̣ڹҲ˵꣬Цһ¡
Ȼü䶼ƣ۾ȴġ
̕DɵȾЩЦ
棬
Ρ
ء
ء
ͬʱڣͬʱ𾪣ͬʱŶԷЦ
лҪ˵
ллң~

12

ȷʵء
峿ʱƮƮٴᡣ´Լˣһȣʹ˲ըѣʶȥţպϵĲˡ
˻ĳУӭõһ졣
ϴŤŤ·Ҳò׶׼ã΢ˡ
̕Dô
ƮƮ
̕D˳·㡣
һƮƮ̵ؿš
̕Dվ⣬һϮ¡ţп㡣кܶӵTпǲͬɫһ
ýˮ˵ĵһ仰

ƮƮ֪ˡ
̕Dţߵ紦ˮ˳鿴ŵϵϿֽȥڼҰɣ
ڼҡ״ȥҲ㰡ֻ˸Ŷѣû뵽ôӰճ
ʰˣ
ǡ
߰ɡˮܣϴϵߣվ׼
ƮƮ㿪ˣûʲô£ͦõġֻҪýףŽż·û⡣
̕Dһջȥ
ƮƮеԥҪҪһߣת־ӺҲûʲô壬лл鷳㡣
̕Dջߣȳš
ƮƮ󣬡Է𣿡
ʲô
òãϴ˵ֿǼ껹
̕DͷŲһȳһա
ã⴩Ҷյϣůůģȡ΢һƮƮŵǹζǽ̫ζ̲ס͵͵Ҳ֪ǲǴоôá
꣬ͣǮ
ԸԳ˿ͣƮƮе泩ܳԱҪҪٵЩģ
ˡ̕DͰӣֿ
ƮƮơҲЦˣԲʱ̫Щá
ҽȥ
Ŷ
Ƥȥ࣬Է
ûã̕D½緹
ƮƮ̧ۣƵΪʲôԷô찡
ѧڼɵϰߡ

ʱæҲɵԷʱ䶼ʡʹôͦϰ߲øġ
ŶͷҪԵģôͷǳθעһĺá
̕D˵･ȾЦ
ƮƮеΣɤӣͷࡣ
ôЦʱ۾رÿƽʱǹɵĮһɶоůƽʱʷ̫̲ס붢
緹һͬǰҽԺ
̕Dŵ֮Լȥ¥
ƮƮ칫ңһ糣ûΪ飬ͶĿ⣬֣ʦҲվλϣѵǡ
ɿҲ
ˣܳʱվܰæϲˣֻܰŸܰҽ
ܰЦЦٲ鷿ǰڰ칫鵥
ⶼЩĻ֣ʦɹİֻпӣһЩԵȺҽʱһ롣
ٶȿɲаܰ棬ϴЦվɷǳס
ԲʦҾӿٶȡƮƮʮֱǸԾؼӿϵĶ˲˿ڷۡ
ܰͷˮһһںţ̲סƮƮ
ͦףӸߣҲƯǡʲôĵط𣿺ܰԴ¿û࣬˵ͦöġ
ʲôܶһ޶ŵ
ƮƮ̧ͷڱʦʶЦһ£ֵͷӡ
ţѵЦݣ
Цʱȷʵ˲Ķʹͦɰģйɴ澢˶ϲ֡
ܰ죬ĸꡣСʿѾ΢ϸˣֱˤֻҲһرпʵ˲ĮǶĮ
Ϊ͹ˣ˭֪һ칫ң֣ɾȻҸǿСᣬҪֹϹ塣˵̕DˣСﻹʲô֪Ǳ졣
ܰѪһԹޡ֣ǸûģȻŮӶǴ£
ԷǰҪŶЦŶ
õġƮƮӦ
ܰת˲ûֻɴ֣˭ùأȥɡ
ƮƮ˿ûԾӶǺöడҪٿ㡣
ôݲô໯鵥˫ã֮ǰҲһꡣԵȴҶ½½ˣͷӡ
𾢣ͻȻݺз
һ̧ͷ̕D
лҪ˵лл֧֣~

13

ϣ򿪺зȳԷ
ƮƮãȻ̕Dֿ
ŹǷСŹһɵ׷棬ˣӰˮ󵰡ɫζȫ˲Ͷˡ
̕DѷŲǰݹһֽһˡ
ô
ƮƮֻȻ˰칫һȦֻһڽԷͷ۾ưƵģ죬С˵лл
̕DЦˣʾ֣ŲһԿӣŵзϡ
ƮƮſӣĻŵĸоԽԽǿңԻҵջߣƤȥ֡ƾ̼˿ڱԵЩۡӵʱ⳶֣æʱ˲ϣ֪ȫˡ
ۣ
ƮƮҡҡͷû¡ܲôˣö
ϲŹǷģһСͽһҧȥҸ˲䱬
úóԡЦһ仨
̕DЦŨƳ۸ղͨ籨ŵĹԷ͵͵ˣ̕DɵЦһ£ˢȥˡ
ƮƮһлȻ֪ר־سŹǷ
Թ˰ɣʡ
ǡ
ʳŹǷ𣿡ôû
̕D˶٣źۼءšһ
ڶʳúó԰
̕DÿɷӲز⣺ӻˮ𣿡
Լķɫ±С
̕DͷԵһãȻ뿪ܣԣһиᡣ
ţãæ˵꣬ùֵֹģûŪף˵°ҡ
òˡĪܡ
һأϰֻ˵ùûʡ
ƮƮɵˣ˼е㲻ԾҲȫԾϾ˵ͨ
̕D߳칫ңݡѧֻоԺУ㿪ʼڳٵʱе᲻ʱˣȻԼִ
ҽĹǣһμ˷ɱҽ
˧ƵĹ롣
˧һ¥ĹǸ͡
ѧֻᣬÿ¶ῪһΡ
ϺǾһ̸һܹעĲֳ̕DӲμӡϰ߸ЧˣôƵ֣̽ϲֱӿס˸ֱ֮⣬ܱЧ罻磬¸XXҽXX˰үôˣ廹Ӳʰɡ
˲ƽǰصضҪᣬ̕DŻڻǰϽ̵عĵPPT
˿ˮóֻƮƮȦοˢ
ǰûȦʲôáԼκζԱ˵ЩȤҲûȤʱ˿̣˵ȦǸö
ȴϲŹǷϰߺˮûȹʲô̲裬ܴһɫı±ƺҲֿͦɵģȥӺĿӡϲЦ¶ƬûһûЦݵġ
˭ǸԺӵĺӰǸ˱ȽϿĹЦ̫ҸˣҲԺˣÿ֣
ܼǿҲֹۡûټ޹סģǸ޵ÿĹ
һʼֻǲġȻܵĽûԹۣҲֻȤķ롣
ƫƫ죬֮ķˡҹ˯ʱӻ̧ͷĻ档
С¹Ƶ۾޵ر
ںÿοͻ̲סģû롣
ʲôʱأ
ϣֺܰݵʱͻȻʶᡣ
ʲôԶ׼׹ԼʵҲôģֻǵ˼СӦǵһ۾кøˣȻҲ¡
ôЭḱϯŽڵ̕D
ֻӦ
⼸׼ȥZүԻݰɣ
ǡ̕DЦˡ
Žļ򣬺οǾͺã֪ʲôˡҲУ
岻
ãҾͷˡŽڵͷ̕DϸƵ㣬ǸʵĿû
ˡ
ǾУúøɡŽٴεͷο
̕Dͷ˿ˮôŽڽĻ¼
㰡ÿ㸸ס
ȻĻˡ
̕Dޱţе
޷ǻģ͵Ĺ¡ףŽڻй˲ƽͬͬ£һӢţһ뿪ҽһء񣬽ι
Һû㰡ӡŽںǶ飬ͼȥ̕D֣װͷȥˣⲻڼǿӣ粻㸸ףүү
̕DòԵﴽǡ
Žڵͷ£ࡣһĨָֻƽյ硣
߽ǰϽҲ⡣̕Dһ磬ֲ̽жȹ


14

ʱ̕Dͳֻ׼΢֪ͨƮƮһϢ
ƮƮʦҽ°磬Լˣæɡǳл~[΢Ц]
ʱʾһСʱǰӦѾˡ
̕Dһʰߣһ˼׷£˵Ӧòѣϵе㲻˳֡Ի򣬶˵Ҹս
ǱߺôһŻظԷ
ЦˣͣҾСŹϳţӡ
ƮƮϲ˾ҵ
̕Dų룬ֱӵ
ƮƮ䡰ԡûɵеšеͣƣҲɳƣöſϺ˼룬ô˼ҰæֻôҲԶٷϴξѾʧˣοɲˡ
ʲôɿڵ
ûС
ƮƮõġ
ջֻҳ棬˵⸽ĵҲǺܶ࣬˾еԶ̕Dȵˡ
Ի·T˶㣬ϴŹѥһֻŹ䣬һֻ¡
ƮƮǰæӹ䣬ߵԺеĶ
ƮƮվǣС˵˼ûܻҪʮӣĻȳԵɿ˵ţӶͳΪֹѪǶСʳ
̕DŤͷһۣЦˣãһ
ŶƮƮջɿԾºҵʲô˵ȽϺá
Ǹ
ţ߶̕DǿıŤ
ƮƮЦԺԷ𣿡
ûпյȣһǻǷõķӣСӰԺӻͦģҲз硣
ӣָָǽǵһ۵ľ
ԣǸ߹ȥ׼ȥԱߵĵӣֱס
Ъš˵
ƮƮջظ첲վãԼСѧ
̕DЦؿһۣôˣ
ƮƮҡҡͷ߻ضǽ²ԺӺǰ»ĵݣԺյͨ
һȳһյظŲߣ뿴ʲôֵܰġǻƵģȿڣʾҪҶ
ƮƮڨڨվţĿⲻظ
ɻʱֳСһȥܲһȥҪֱϵļ¡𣬻Ϊû¾ͲܳһӣԾĵز
˭Ҳ󲻳⾹ȻǸ΢Դҽ
һںãڶʼղ˼£С͵ˡ
ƮƮӹŵϣ̕DԺˮϴֺԷ
̫ߣС˲䱻ееСӹҼҵߡ
ƮƮǳ˼ɣӶûС
û¡̕D⣬ְһԿӲ𿪡
ллƮƮӹȥһΪβڣһҲ֪ϲʲôԶһЩ
Ҳ˵
áͷ֪ʲôǿʼԷ
֣ҽ˵ֲ̕D͵ؿ
𣿡ƮƮɬЦЦе㲻ţÿ춼رңΪ֣ʦء
̕DЦˣԽ˭Խ˭
һ£֣ʦʵ̫ˡ
Բǿ黹̫죿
ƮƮɵۣ֪Ҳ̫ˣֻЦЦʵ˵̫ˣеΡ
ҳհ㲹̕DЩ͸
̫鷳ˡ
鷳һ񣬺ֱӡ
ƮƮʶرܿԼ֡
ɵ
Ҳûʾùǡ̕DǸʦߵţǸҽӵż
ʵеκġ
κνˣƫƫСԺΧŸСһŷŻԺ󡭡ҪٰΡ
ֶðסֲȥģġ
ʦ
ţ
ʱܶ𣿡Ҳ֪ԼڸʲôֻǾôȥΣգһңܵѿڶ
̕DȻû뵽ôʣŲϣĿ䡣
ƮƮĻţǿžװµس˾
̕DעȷӣĺġΣû׷ʵ˼漴ȷĵĲ²⡣
ھܾˣһֺòķʽ
ĿӶʱеµûš
лҪ˵~

15

ĳĬʼӣƮƮ֪ˣţټһ㣬һһιȥ
Բ𡣡ؿڣ͵ٵˡ
̕DͷЦˡеЦֲȫǡû뵽׷׷˼Ҹϴ˵ʲôأ˵ʲôڸԷӸʧˡ󣬹Ը
ƮƮװûЦرձԼˡҪܾҲٲҪԷʱ򿪿ڡ
ǻҪ˼ʱһ˵ôԣҪҪ֣յغ޲Լһӡ̫ˡȫڸ˼ҳ⡣
ĲԼôˡܾĻţһžϳ
Ҹ㵹ˮɡɬؿڡ
̕DĽţ˼ȷˣͰŰɡ
ƮƮʶӣĲ֪롣
ԷɡڣȥˡģԼûȣ˼һСΪѳҲܸ˵ڣ治ڣΪһӣھγ
ƮƮصͷܸмĴʽԼò
³극˼˻ʱӾԼ͸ٵȰͳţעʱѾ׵Լˡ
Źϣǽһոģһ˵ѹ
ͬùģ̕Dҹڴ˯š̲סеϸڣذŲſԡ
óۣҪô̫ˡҪôˡ
Ǹи߳ģ
Ḷ́ҡͷܣûеóѡҸҲˡԣ̫ˣ
˿Ҳ̾
׷ûôס
峿ƮƮ𴲣źȦһվҽԺ
֪ʧΪ˼ǿ϶һϰˣҲ֪ڵʲôΰɣҽԺҽûࡣ
ſб˻飬ŬɢĲŴ½½ϰ࣬Ҳʼæˡվϲ֣ʦȥ鷿һ·̕DΣһʮСʱǳġ
ƮƮ˿һ춼רעڹͷææµµûϹ룬оرʵ
°ǰͻȻס
ƮƮֹ
𣿡
Ǹҽ㡪
סûе¡һ࣬Щˡһֻúת˳ơ
ͷûʲôӦֿ˻Բ𰡣Ҳ˵ġ
û¡ƮƮеۣʾԼҪˡ
˾䣺ɣȽŲ㡣
ƮƮ̾ллûµġ
û¶ҽ쿪ġܷģҲ֪ǲ˴̼ƽʱô³çЩԷľ
ƮƮҡͷתߡûŲͣ¡̕Dͷӭ󻹸żҽ
˵ߺܿһһʱЩ㶡
ûǷӦʱһɤӼϷ绯˻
ƮƮϲ㡪
һ˺ѷεĸ쳹ȣҽ˲ȫɵۡ
Ϊտ˽꣬ڱﲻסˡ
ƮƮ޲Ҹطȥ
𾪵ҽʿǣ͵͵̕D
̕Dûʲô飬ŲûֱӴݰϷˣ칫ȥ
ԹϵûԵϣӭ֣ɵһŭ
ֲһվ̬ǳҹʲôһûһʡģɢˣ
ѵ˱סˣȴɽƮƮ˶ˣǳš֣ɴһקˡ
ƮƮվڵݽǺˡ̫ˡⱲûô˹
΢𶯣ȻҷϢ
ҽһ˧ԲƮƮҸղŲǹģĺϲ㣡Ů
ƮƮ̾ͷ۰䣬ô˵ˡֻʵʵظҶûǸ˼ллϲ
ҽһ˧ܳʱûظ˿Ƴ΢б̕DղŵķӦһʱ˵Ǹʲôζ
칫ڣ֣̕DСԣȫûҹʡ
㲻Ծ˼ҹì˰ɣ
̕DƿùĴͷɫôÿ
֣ɲԹɫһѺ֣̿ʼͷԷ籩ԣ֮ǰ˼Ӧǻ׷С˶٣Ȼɣôʦ
̕Dÿɷ񣬶Ӻˮ
֣ɵͷһʲôģӲ̕Dļĳ˵ֵܣҪ㼸ˡģԲ׷ˡҿ˳õķ⡣
̕D͸һ
֣ɻЦЦ׷ŮӰĥҳͷŻ£ɵСӾǸӡóֿģɵģֲܾþܾһһһһһȥģϰ˴֮ͻȻʧżʲôʱżˣҲͲˡжԸƯŮá
˵ˣ̕DûӦּ䣺밡ŮӺϡ϶˶ãʲôģ͵ż¡
̕D꣬ĬĬ֣ɵĸ첲Ͳĸ֣һɺԡ
ѾͷԲھܾھܾˡ
лҪ˵~

16

Ƥˣܻ΢Щ
ƮƮС
ԼóҶ̕DĹϵᣬ֪ôͣټôһ֣ⵣı˻ô
ԼںǷ̫ҪˡĻÿһ裬ÿһˣӰ쵽ˡôŬ̫ˡҧ̫ͦ࣬ʲôԡ
־棬ֻܸŬֵ࣬ɴҶԸĻ
Ȼ֪ûã̤ʵһЩ
̶̵һܣϵ˺ˣҲ·ˡʱһͬʡ
ҹʮ룬ƮƮд겡һĹΧҽʿһ磬翪ʼˡӣʰˡ彩ˣӺöе档
Ƶڻؼ·ϣԥҪҪȥԡ
ȥԣһ̕DĻΡԣֺöһС治ͷѡһ·ǾȥԸˡ
콥ˣ²ףҪսӿڣǰɫγϣˡ⳵ϤҲİҲǸ°࣬һϣһ߰һ߿
ջ̕Dؿڣʾ
ǡƮƮͷԼҪţҪŤѾضһˣеӴĿܡ
ҲЩϾҲûǲ֪Ϊʲôǲദһ뵽ͻֲĸоر׽ǡ
ͬʱߣô̵·ٿӾ̫ˡ
ٶţߵÿ죬û¾һؾ롣ſԽԽۿҪ˳صʱ̕DͻȻͣ¡
ת
ƮƮʶվãֽš
̕Dͦεģͷ۵棬еƣҾô㲻ڣףûԼʲôرֵ£ų
ûûСƮƮϽҡͷ
̕D˹֪ʲô˺ôһеȻĿ˵ͱˡôȥһԼʲô˲õĻ¡
ƮƮŴ۾ҵس壺ûûУԲ𣬶ԼԭҡҲ̫ᴦⷽ˼ʹϵ
̕Dûӻ
ңǾñŤ͵͵ز䡣
̕D̾ǳºͣûʲôñŤġҪ˵ŤҲӦҲŶԣûκ¡
ƮƮӸղһʾͲ̫ʵ˵ģ֪ɾǡеƲסԼ
𣿡ʣ˵ֻѡ
ƮƮס˫۾˵һ֣ʶԼڸʲôʱͷѾˡ
̕DЦˣģŵԳζ
ƮƮе㲻ǸضЦһ£Żؾһ

̕DЦˣ̣ܶܵ͡
ƮƮʶԼɵ£һʱҲòУͨͨġ
һպһЩ
̕DţԺﴫƹ֮ҲȻԼҡ
գƮƮӡ
ȵ˰칫ң֪֣ʦŸ̕D
ƮƮվԵĽţϹϵƺе㻺ͣЩҡ
һ֮ǰеעﱳˡ³
ϸϸˢԼ֣ȫչ淶ԱߵĻʿһ߿һߵͷͩɫʱһڣϴ
ͩƣڻʿĵ֮ŷԼˣǸϽ¿ʼ޵ʵصƮƮһ
ƮƮõһŵùǺԹԵϴԼ֣ǰգʵʵظڻʿͷ
ǸСкҶܴ󣬶ԵĸʺܸߡС˲̨ϣͷĹ⣬¶СֻԲ۾ؿǡ
ʿСкʼ̵̵ǻΣҪ̵ƽҪλСչ¶һһζнƮƮһԱ߿ѧĬĬҪ졣
ˡ
ƮƮţǾ塣¹С˻¾ͱȫװˡλɾ࣬ûһ
̕DλλһվȿˣֻһȦݣŶͷ
ʽʼ
еͻȻڡ
ƮƮе£һŷСкŴ۾ҳءȻȫ飡Ȼ֪ܶҪȫ飬ϾǾһĴǸСӡ
Ŷ壬𣿡Сʡ
ۡ
ģ
㱣֤
ðɡ
ָͩʾʼΪϹõĻᡣ
ƮƮվ֮λãڸɿ״̬ͷһ̨Ϳˡ
йоأͩȫûбЩ˷ˣվֱһһֻ־ȻԾȥˡ
ԱߵĻʿһͳ⣺ȥ
ͩ㵵ؿʿ˳һ򣬻Ȼ򣬶ʱ޲óԼһ١
ı桢ͷ沿ϱۡ¶ǡоСˣҪ׻¡
ƮƮһ߿ţŵøϽܺԼ˫֣ɵգҶ
ٰͩҲûޣֻسȥ
ҽŤͷƮƮ˵
ƮƮϽǰվͩλá
лҪ˵ллң~

17

ʽʼһжûܵӰ졣
̕DӹʿʮŵƤꡣСʣʲô壿
ߣ㿴
ʲô߰𣿡
档
ʲô߰
ʾûˡ
Ŷ
ҽЦŴģ尢öߡ
СЦһ£ûӣ˵ϲ֩

Ҳԣϲϡ
úúá͵ĻʿǴ顣
СˣСдЩɳƣɿɰǰ嶳ϲʿû
ҽЦˣСһ԰
Ҳ֡
衪
˵һ߶ûˡ̕D꣬ʼǯ΢˵ĺԡ
С˷ǳر죬С컹ίر˱
һ
ƮƮȫ̷¡
ΧǳİȻҲ֪ЩҽģǻһŵʱҪըëèֺܲг
ʵڲϰһͷǣһĶԻʽͷһο̨ôۿɼĴ̼üԼѪζ޴ӷֱ棬˿ҷ񣬼Ҫɵ崻ˡ
ЩҽʿĺȻϲʼįϹһû¡ǶĹࡣĳ𾴾𾴡
ȻĻ
ĺȡȵΪȥĲǴԣǿ鶹
˵ƸڿƱɵĶǴֻǸ߾⣬ʱ궼һ
֪ڱ˶ٹ򣬲ܵλá
εѶܴͬ󣬵챣ӣһ˳Сһʼкܶ⣬ĸСʱ֮Ъ˾󰲰˯ˡ
ƮƮۣվҲۡ͵λʦһȫעû֪Ƶġ
˫ֲ̕D΢²˽ĸСʱ󣬳ɹгһ漴ӹСܿʼӲĤֹѪŹǰ꣬­
ȳ׽ʱ˸Сʱ
С˱ƳңҲ˯ˡΪҩδӻֻܶ¶ŸСԴߺ
ƮƮеЦǺۡվκģʿͼעʱѾȱˡ
ֻһʲôطһͦʬ״
¥ݼǸȥŲǶû뵽ͬϢĻʿ㡣
۵ġʿЦ
ƮƮ˼û취ʦֲ𣿡
ôһ̨֮˰¡ϰ˾ͺáʿν˵ţ˿ͻȻֲⲻʲôѹҽءԺʦˡ΢˵СʱӶ£ֱޡ
ƮƮʱģΪýϴθŲʱʵˡͬģܵҲǿҡηְġ
ɣֵĲһ̨ûͦѵõġʿЦˡ
ƮƮؿûԼֵʲôõġ
ʿˣһξϴ֣·վԵطọ̈̄һų̂ѾȺܶǿˡϸ£ʺϵҽ
ллʦƮƮһξʿʵҲͦƽ׽˵ġһ޵ϻʿЩСǺȥģõˡ
°ɣˡʿƿ¥ݼˣƮƮҲصԼλʰ°ࡣ
Ͼŵ㣬徻˲١
Ƶ·ߣоõĲĽеˣҪȥ·ɨһߣ
ɫĽγ·ˡ
ϲɫƮƮûͷûԵ롣
һ߰ɡ£ڡ
ЦЦ˵ԼС
ȴֱ˾䣺ѵĳҲ
ҲǸ˼ƮƮСţԼС
û°ɣʡ
ԡ
ɣ㳤ʱͣ첲ѳŴƿ
ƮƮϳԸŤŤģлл㰡
³
ϵϰȫá
룬ȿ˿ڣоô
ۡģ͸ƣĺۣ̫ˡ
̕DȾЦֲ
ңɵվŶѡ㲻΢
ϰ˾С
㲻ӣ
ӡ

̕Dһ𾪣͵򲻴ټעⱣ
һĽҽӣƽʱô
֪Զʱ򣬻᲻Ծһ۾ģеɰ
ࡣ
ͻȻˡ
еˡε˵ţӶͳһɿݵǰԲԣ
̕Dҡͷѳճ·飺ȥ
Һá
ֻͻȻû˵꣬ͳһ΢󣬸߳ġ
¾ܾһҳ棬־ȻʮһϢѡ
лҪ˵~

18

ƮƮһһÿһǸ߳Ŀߡ
գˡҴһ죬ʲôϢû̷΢ŽԼС
£̕DѲ
Ҽſڣ´γɡе㲻˼
ҪӦһģҲûԼȥ棬Ǹһ˼ҡ
ǰţƮƮǰһſڵӰǸԲȺܾ˰ɡ
߳ſڵʯ̨ǽ꣺һΪ¶أ
ҵĴƮƮ֪أ׼һú
Ťͷȸ̕DټˣŴҴһصǰ߿߶Ը߳˵æˣǧ
߳ͲֻܶһֱϢİΣû£һ΢ŴԭԼõһѹѣЩҲֻԼŵĽڰˡ
ɡ߳źۼƳ߳̕DСҪ
ƮƮƿţƣ㲻ȥΪԼˡ
߳ʧ˵ǵİΣôҶȥôû
ʲôƮƮǰԼգ˼ҿ˵ףģС⣿ʱе
ˣˣҳĳˡûԣûһ𡣡
ƮƮ룬ȷϵշǳһ㣬Ҫ棿
߳ԥ룬漴ȶ񣺡ЩģԶˣԵ嵭ġ
ǺðɡƮƮѵ£ϴ
߳ںͷʲôˮ棬ԼҲ̲ס˸
ԼϾļҳС˺ܿԺӵСϿ
ƮƮ֪Ƕˣ̫ۣ˷ûʲôθڣ򵥳ڣеˡ
ôӰ߳顣
ҽҴˣθӰ˰ɡЦЦ˿ȥǳƣ
߳еڣ֪ˡ
ûûУҲܵա߳ôһֱͦչǸЩ㻰ĺѡôʧġ
û¶ˣô߳ŵ㣬Ҫ̫ˡһλ
õģлġƮƮǽߣЦЦ䵽һŻϣȻǽһ̕DԺҲŵƣǸȫͬĻɫߡ
֪ûУղġ
û߳С̲ס˽л
Ŷˡ޷ҪҸˣúעʲôġ
Ǹҽôôһ߳òǿҽˮ¥̨ò
ƮƮ򵥰һ˵˵׸߳ڸʲô֪˼ҲӻؾˣΪˡͷۡ
ŮأôҪӲ㣿ǿž
߳ǻʧ䣬װ£ڵŮ缸ǰˡ
ЦЦͷһ
߳Цţұʲôллĺ⣬һҵϡ˵ʲôˣǸ棬ѾĲˣ˵ͦõģرƬͷǷ㿴
á
߳⣬̸ʲô⣬ֻҵչȻеۣòײܼһأе㲻ߡسŷҸȤϹġ
һֱʮ㣬ƮƮƤʼܣͷֻǡñĳһ΢š
̕Dϰ㿴磬Ҫӷϡ
һ£׼أһ
̕D
ƮƮֻһʱеĪͣӣӳһʲôֲǺȷ
ƮƮõģлл㡣[΢Ц]
̕Dš
ջֻԻδظ߳˵ǸˣҪ˯ˡԷҲ֪ʱȷʵˣûͣ
ƮƮ߿ˣʰСϵĲо֡صԺӵĵƣ׼ݣͻȻָԺӵĵƹҲˣɫĵƹʧ¹ʱԵøվԭؿûɵľеš
Ҳȫǻţеʲô˵̫ˣԴ⣬ϴϴ˯
߰һǽ֮̕DҲ»صǰдġ
ЧʲߡԴǾ濪ʼе㲻֪֮ĵƣ̲סѻ
֮ǰһֱã׷׷˵ֱ˵ĵزͦɱġɿڣôѵദһ䶼ܶ˵
ʮЦٲԼҡ
һ˼ңСٻҪȥ档
ûƤҲŲ졣ֻܷ˸΢ţίȥϢ
̧ͷ컨壬ѹڲϣֱ˫ȡˣﻹǲˬʮ꣬ͷһζԼ֪
ûִܹܡ
ãúܡ
лҪ˵ллң~

19

峿̕Dڶ
ƮƮ˯شԺţ롣
ӷʡؽ͡
ŶԲ𰡣ˡϽţó·
̕DǽǣŪ硣϶ͣȴղſʱӡͷһμͷɢо˸ˣ࿴ֱֲۣ׵ضԵḡ
鷳ˣȥϴƮƮ˵߳ߣеա˯һֱΰѵġ
ϴּ䣬һվӹȻݡͷģ۾סϴõT㣬ɱϾ˯£һҹȥŪͰ͡ѿ
ͷϴ΢ĦһžһЩ
һصԺӼڶǽǱ߿˼˵ʲôϾͺˣԺ鷳㡣
̕Dһۣջߣ治ĲϹͷķȲԡ
ƮƮ
̕DҲŪû緹ɣ
šʲô𣿵͡ƮƮֲֻ롣Ҳ˯ò磬ͷ㡣
أûԵģǲϰùͣɸûһšǱ߽ˮĥһȥ緹
ҶСΪû˯ûʲôθڣǵó緹ҪæһءȥҽԺתҪʦԣġ
ϲ㶫ôȥǶҲ
԰⸽ֵ𣿡
ţһȥ̕DϴչǽЩȫҪչ˵Ļ磬˿
һȥ·ʮſڼϡ𹤾߳Ժš
ƮƮҲϽʰ
ʮ֣ٴؾԺſڡ
̕Dӵһ۾Ϳ΢죬ģվǿŹ棬سЦЦ𣬲ַǣǻǸطر𲻶ԾãӦýĶ
㶫ǸС¥λòңȴ쳣𱬡ǴȥһһȻ̱ԱС䡣㿿ҴӴȥȻܿҽԺ
Ҷ֪ͬ滹мҵ̲꣡סпÿ⸽Ȼû֡
̕DãѲ˵ݸʲô
ƮƮӹ߷ƼϺȡצ³Բꡣ̕DҪ˲ġȵֻһ
Ҭ֭⡣͡
ûԹҬ֭⡣
ζС
ŶллÿӼһ飬ҧһСڡ
ȴۡ˵Ůͦϲ
ţóԣ𣬲塣㡭۾һЦ
ҲЦˣͦˡԼѵЩҲɢ˸ࡣ
õķΧнţʳܶҸָãҲнʱ򡣵ƮƮͳֻԤ򵥵ʱ򣬷ԱЦе֪ͨѾˡ
˵͵ġƮƮһɥ
̕Dû˵
ԱЦǺǵرϣϰӦõģѵõСûô
ƮƮĻŪˣ𾪵ؿ̕D
߰ɡ̕Dļ򣬴䣬͵еɷݶѡ
ƮƮһ·ͷ¥صϡ
ллֻ˵ˣܺóԡ
ϲСӣһۡ
ûɵһ£ֿʼеš
ӳҽԺȥͬĳȻʶе㲻Ծôָ֮ǰһˡǶͦõģԷֻΨһͬǣ˼˵ֻѡܾ˵ǣ񶼲̫ýˡ
ִҽԺֵͣ
һ磬ƮƮ֣æתԷ͵ѧУϡѧУʳûзȼ򵥳һ֮󣬿ʼʦԡ
κҽƵĿΣż񡣴Ӹ߶ѧҽ֮󣬾־ҪΪκĴ
񲡻߰ٷְļʣܵ͡ҩÿ¸飬Ҳܱ֤ŧֻҪڣʱĿܡ
߲ҪҩĸָãģһĵĿ־塣ʲôʱ裬ʲôʱҰˣҿƲסҵĴԣô죿
о񲡻ߵļͥ˵ֺγˡɱʧɣʼҪġͬʱҲҪܾϵĥҰˣ׽ˣһİģħһʱҸô졣Ϊѣǵø࣬Ϊʹ࣬ҲΪԼ
ʹܣŲ˺Ͳ˼ͥһ
ƮƮᣬͬҲᣬŸҪؽ⡣
ѧҽΪ˳Ϊ˲Ϊ˻һ죬Ҳܹ΢һ㲡˵ʹࡣֻ֪ɵޣ֪ôĶʱ羫Ƶһһ
ĵɫӭսŨīزʵı顣ֻһ³ҲӦηӿκһνУ˵
ʱֱ߶ƮƮӴ־Ը
лҪ˵~

20

ѧУĵʦԣƮƮ˳
˼򵥵ҽ֮κڿʼʡ
ⶼѣȫԤ֮СΪʲôѡƣйӴûУΪʲôΪԼȱǿԼһЩѾľרҵ֪ʶۡ
ƮƮԴ̬ǫѷκȫ̶Цݡĩˣӽ۾￴һ͵ζﲻɵø
֮˷ܵظžҲԼֵòͬʮָǡ
ҾüӦñ֮ǰ˵㡣˵úܽ
ȹ֣һˣκڸǽεʱһЦΣˣѡ
ʵκڹӦͦġȻҲ˵ϸĻ
ȸЦ󲻳ıģƳͩ˹
ôԲڵؿڡ
ȺЦסˡϻرʧܺ˺һһֱƮƮ˵ˣǰкӦǻˡ
ƮƮòЦЦûͩ췭ʵİۡ
ҲûҪô̸ֻ˵һ䳡滰͸뿪ˡֳͩƮƮһۣһмִŵ
ȱĵˣǲв
ƮƮЦˡ
Сʱ򣬾ѧ˾ӱ˵۹⡣ֳټиѵ̣˹˵ĵģСʱָűʹУּͩģû
ڹϵķΪ̫Ҫһδиͬѧģ֮Щ£ȥɡֲ˽ǣˡ
˵ϲɣŲ̫񡣿˵ϲɣ˼һһԡһ쵽ġ
²꣬ƮƮͻȻЦ§סһйصĴԣ
ʲôԣ
̕D컨׹ģ˵㵽ʲôʱʶģʵ
ʲôˣƮƮ￩һ¡
ȣʲôֻҵһַ
˵
úúã켸ʿ죬˵ʲôʧ˵ģˡһʣ֪˵̕DһŮѧԵߵġЦؿҵʱһӦǣŮѧ϶㰡ܹûѧ˭㳤úÿô˵ǲǰô°
ƮƮεͷΣֻܼ򵥽һ龭
Ƭ̺ˡͷ漴ۣô̴ǲ⻬¬۹ҺЦ
ƮƮ
˵ģ̕DŮϸţͳԵģԻͣʵʲô˭ﲻ𣡡ȷۣ˵˵㣬ô°̕D˺ݻ࣬糬Ӳմǲݣ˭һļƷΪ㣬°࣬ԷʲôҪ˰ഭϢһºòð㾹Ȼܾ
ôšƮƮ䣬ɤҲ̫ˡ
ҿţקһʣҿţˣ˷дЩ⣬ִ˿ˣýãͻȻĳҿ㰡ɲҪΪʲôͥãϵɣѴõĻ͵Ŷ̫ˣ
ƮƮҡҡͷۿ·ΪǸ
ΪɶѵһоûУš
ƮƮڶ⣬Ƴ·ʯСһ䣺ڸⷽ¡
˻ƮƮҲˡף˭ҵҲ˵ģ˭Լ뷨׷󡣲Ǿÿϧ̕Dģ˵׷ңǸҸ̳ȥסĴһӡ
ƮƮЦˣﲻس̕DȻůůġ
ϽҡҡͷԼһЩźһˢһҽԺ
һ⣬оղԾҺ͵͵Ҳе֡
ƮƮģذҽֽƹС
пյʱȥĵաʲô𣿡ôҡ
ֽͳԼֻ
ƮƮȥֲŵԼ֮ǰĵ棬û뵽ôѾˡ
ʲô𣿡
ֽΪѣһеģôԵģ˭ʦʦҴҶָأǸղǻʿ죬Żʿ˵㡭ŲֻˣʦȻرεıʦˡ
ôŲֻˣƮƮһͷˮ
˵иģѣǹ§Ǹڻʦ
ѣҲûйκˡ
֪е׷㣬ʦҲ׷㡣

ŻʿʱͼӴأʦͳˡֻ˵һ仰ֽΧ㰲ȫɤӣȻѧ̕D
ˣҸеĶû׷ƮƮǻ֪ʲô
ѧֽ̻꣬صԼѧòǲ֪ʦʱжᣡðһ˼˭ٶһϻԡģҵ죡ʱŵҲû£
ƮƮƿڡ
лҪ˵~

21

ǸҪȥʦ˵˵ɣһܺáֽؿڣŻҾ
ҵСҽСʿǣŻˡһˣľսҴһ¡Ȼƽʱҽ˵ʱͦ£ûôֲ
ʵ̫ùˡ˵ҴˮҶȣ·ҳʱˣ㣬һ°ɣ
ƮƮеĶĶ̕D˵ʲô
ֽǶʲôأһŭ֣ɡӲֱˡ
ֽŻˣͷԵض֣ɾ˸ȾͳֻƮƮվԭء
֣ʦáƮƮ֣ҲţԾͦøֱ
֣ɡšһܺͰԽˡ
ǡ
ţСϵǼͿ°ˡ֣ɴһӣʾϡ
áƮƮͷӦǣںͷ
ҽʦԼİ칫ң֣ʦǼ䳣겻ţһȥûһһˣֻ̕Dڵǰ
ƮƮʱеΣ̫˼ֱӶӡ
֣ɰһжԼ̶С۶ָָ棬ǼҪõͷ
ƮƮɵٶʵеˡ
֣ɲŲЩźۼسֵüһ˵ҽѧʲôطŪ׵ģһɡģǺżȰҿȥȡ
˵֪̕DֱԼı±ˣ˳ְҲˡ
칫ڣһƬž
˻࿴ŶԷһʱЩڡ
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ллƮƮǰӹԡ
̕Dͷ
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˵лл¹飬һ˼Ҳء
ֻõͷȴҷɡ
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ллȣеţƲס÷졣뵽ҲǸ棬;ó˼Ҳûʲô
Ǹ㣬Լʱ򣬱Է͵͵żζ׾ѡʮĹ棬ֻ߳еһģء
Ҳ㲻ԼôˡֻղתǾ׷ʧܵĻġңȴůůġȻֱŵĴ
ֹס˼룬Իҵش
̕DûջߣЩ˵ζ
ڹǸЦһ硣˰֮ɬЦ֪ݳģʱĵһӦǣӵЦݣֻ
֪ǶԼȫûиоֻȻȻҲ᲻ĥŻôȥ׷ϧʱûҵеķ
ͷһӵһˣԾڲϣҲֻġ
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ƮƮ̧ͷҡܻҪһ
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ƮƮߴˮתϣͨƬ̣ԻɬɬģҲЩƮƮģлл
ȷʵÿʣΪۺˮûȹˮǡҲ˵ãôԼйءţңڿʡ
סˮƿͷһСˮе
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̕DΪúùԼİ칫ҡ
ƮƮ˿ʼҳǰˮ̲סһڡ
ˡ
Ȼ
лҪ˵ллң~

22

ƮƮӵ˵ԱĻϢ
ԭѾƮƮκڣͻȻֻˡԱûֱ˵ԭ򣬵޵ǲǵͩˡ
ƮƮ֪Ӻ˵ͩĲѺãӴһѵͿʼˡҲԼʲô캦£ôߺޡ
ͩΣκڵˡԱ㵽Ϊֹ
ƮƮˡͩı飬Լɵ
ôˣȸհںİ緹һ̧ͷƮƮˡ
е㶶κڲҪˡ
𾪣ǰɣ쵼Ա΢˵ô°
ƮƮԼ侲һŰѵԱ˵Ļתȡ
̺˲䷹ˣֱӿͩ
ӵ绰ǰĽѧС׼緹ȫûθڡ
ƮƮſϣޡ
𾢣ԽԽֱͩȥˣУȥô̫Ҫ
첻ϰࡣƮƮקס˵
һƨصӣɤŴ󣬸ƮƮеۣôţǹҲõһ㻺⡣
ԣԷѵ³ǻΪʳԱ˺취ģԲǸ񾭲óˣȷ߷ߵؼһŹǣʾƮƮҲϽԡ
лл㣬ȡжˡ
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ԷԷҪңԻΡ
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ûʲôȲ˸ҪǰֵһᡣȻֻʱ˸˸˵޹ؽҪˡҽҪҽӡˣҲܶһ˿һ
Ͼŵ㣬
ƮƮո֣̤칫ңͱŪˡ
ܰŸС⣬һҽʿһϲؿǣտֵġѿˣһǣ̱ס
㰡ܰЦˡ
ţС֣ɴȥ˿⣬ֲźۼƳƮƮ˵ҽûã͵ȥ¹˰ɡ
ǰ¸ʮžˡֽӻ
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Сҽȫں˰ۣ̕DãҲ𽥴
ƮƮӣͣҪȥ¹ϡû˵Ҫȥ¹ҺҪȥܾõ˼ۣ档֪ôģе㲻ͳģˡ
ûһűƿǹ
տ֣һߺͣܰеŵ⣬Цñˡ
̕DȻûһ£һɨˣֱֱ䵽ƮƮϡ

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һ֪ؿźϷĻ͵Ц¡
ܰЦݳһ˿Ѻۣڹ漴ͻָտִǣ
̕Dջߣллŷǳش𵰸ϵת˵ʲô㡣
̻ĺͲ඼յһ˷ܵͳֻ͡벻ҽԺڿҺݺݵشһҲǿԵġ
֣ͷһĥ˰죬üӡ
ƮƮûʲôθڣҲ˼뿪˸û˵Ľ䣬̵سС⣬ĲɵġһΪ˵ʦѹһ뵽¹
ͻȻһˣһŤͷ̕D
˵ĸоûԼȥô
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Цһ£һߣȥͣҡ
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ϰ߰ѳͣڶʱѾˡ
ллЦһ£ϵðȫ
̕DͷѳҽԺ
һ·е㰲ûô˵ſڣͻȻѳͣ£ȥϨ𣬽⿪ȫ
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ҲΪѵ˵
ٳԵСڵⲻܵ
ǰ棬ҵúܡ˿ӣֻܸųûʲôθڣɵ׶ûжٶƵؾȻȥС档
㡭Ҫȥ¹С
̕DͷĿһֱϡ
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վûá˵꣬˶٣ֲ˾䣺Ժŵġ
ŶͷͻȻú졣
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šͷ
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23

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ƮƮϴ裬ܵ䡣
ڴϷȥ˯ţԽԽġһٿ򿪱ʼǱдһⳤʼκڡȻ֪ʲκãôĶˡ
ػٻصϣ˯Ϊ΢һ㣬ɴԻǲϡ
ۣһûܳɹ˯š

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һҹظԼԣֱ˯šٴۣѾŵˡĵģͷһΪû˯ѳٵˡ
һ·ŻţСܣҲѾ˰׼û뵽ֻ֣һ䣬ѩȥˡ
æɫ˶У֣ҽСѧϰ
ƮƮͷűʼǣֻͻȻһ£ͳ鿴ǵԱ΢š
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ԭأһƬհף𴩶ĤôһŻʦעң̲ͨԱĵ绰
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ԱǱ߶˶٣Ҳڣ˭øӲǣ
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ԱЦˣ㲻֪
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Աͷˣһ˵̕DүүͬͣþĸȻҽӢӦɡ
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ԱǺЦٴιϲ䣬绰Ҷϡ
ƮƮ죬ţһ̷΢Ÿȡ
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ҳôˣԺզˣ
ƮƮκڽˡ
ҳҵ죡̫ˣ̫ˣҪ˰
ƮƮ̕Dæ
ҳ
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ҾãʵӦÿһ¡̸ģ˾;ûĳôΪ
ƮƮͷͻȻûͷûԵһ䣺Ҫȥ¹ˡ

ޣȥꡣ
ɶ⻹ûʼҪԶ밡
ƮƮ˵ֻ
ųһ˿ԾЦЩȤ㲻ԾŶƮƮǲǶԴ˧Ķ˰
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˵ʲôأȻҪһγϲһ𣿣Ⱥܼ
ƮƮƽֲ˶Ҫġ
𾪣ʲô˼ƮƮôҰ˵ȻҪ飬ûаûлûлûмͥûмͥôܺȻôأ㲻ôģһеԴ
ƮƮ෢չʷ鵽˰ͷ֪ôӦ
Ȼû˵꣬ǰ˵ϲӢ۶أ֪ÿ˶Լİ㲻ΪͷѰҸĻᰡ
˵úܶԡû취ֻ
͵
Ǿ仰𣿡
ľ仰
ʲô
˲ը
ƮƮйţķһ˿
ˣֻԼ
лҪ˵ллlily@SarahonlyͶףллҵ֧֣~

24

ƮƮ̕D΢֮󣬾°Ը˵лл
һ綼صҲûˡͬ˵иڻ档˯ز㣬ʱ°ؼЪЪ˵
ϰ߶ȻûáŵʱͻȻеһį΢Ա
˼ң˿ଷ򵥳һЩ֮ʵڰסˣѵͷ˯ˡ
Ǳ΢ųѵġ
ƮƮۣ˯ʶֻһ죬Ȼܰѡ
΢̕Dģʱ䣬ʮһѾ
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̕D˯ˣ
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̕Dϵҡ
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̕Dúܿ죬ϻЩ糾͵ĸо
ƮƮվڴſڣֲǺȷԼԭһֻ˵仰ء
Թ˰ɡ̕Dȿڡ
ţһ硣¶΢ЦЩòôдôˣӦûûʱԷҪҪʣ
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ƮƮòڣֻһǸС
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Цˣӻ
ĺܸл㣬ҷǳϣܸκѧϰޱϵĵظмΪԼһС
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̕DӣαϸϸؿԽԽƽе㷳ꡣ
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뱣㡣ֱͱ˴ֽκҲã֮ǰЩҲãΪϲ㡣ίҲܡ
ƮƮסĻˡΣ΢ָ֪
̧ͷ۾
ȵģֱӵģĿ⣬мܲסûң֪ôñ˴˶һЩ档
һ֮ãҵһЩԼ㲻Ҫ
Ĩˡ˵šûжҲͱˡţЩᡣ
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ҵ˵Ҫȥ¹ܷܶ£Ҳ˵óѡ
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Ҳɵֽڡ֪Ҳиоôϸšô£ʲô塣
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Լƽȵ
Ҳ̸˵ǲ̸
лҪ˵лkame123Ͷףлл֧֣~

25

ʲô˼
ջߣĿ޽ؿǰƮʱȥҽԺ⡣
һԤеҪ˵ʲô
Ծ֢òʺܸߣûŴû򡣡˵꣬ож˸һûиκ˵Ҳ֪ܸ˭˵
񼲲ܸӣ˵ʲô⡣ü
ͷ¶һ΢ЦûгɹҽҲô˵ġҵʱرɵ˼ҵòĿԴ𣿡
ƮƮ̲סһڲŷǵһκ֡˵ʲôζ
شһݡͨ˸屶
̕D˼ԽԽأ밲οȴŲڡ
ƮƮջĿĵߣĿã̸ֱǸʣʵġ
ûһҽ˭֤һӲòͨȺǰٷ֮һο
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ƮƮимʹ࣬ͬʱҲƽʱұ¶ϲûκôصͷ
ϴû˵Ұְ֣ʵǷ֮ȥ˵ģ˵ҪȥϾᣬΪԼͳסβá˵˵ţ˰ְ֣ģģӰܸߡ
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ţϴȸϯȫֻס֣ȴûʼ̡ҲţܲסֽӴţʶҪӽ鲻֡
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̕D޶ԣҲΪһʣͷϲˡ
ⲻǸʣʵʵڵĿѡǲ֪Էʲôʱᷢ裬ʲʱҪ㣬ʲôʱ׼ܣʲôʱֲˣƮƮۿдͲ
Ҷ𣿡ʱשͷӵģѪ˳ŲЦ
Ķ䣬֪Ǹطа̣ȴ֪ԭԾһֻȥ§
ͼ͵һƿٿشӵվɫǺ죬ȦҲ졣
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ҿʼԺ᲻ϲ»ԽԽϲעǸ磬ǾͲҪݵĻᡣ
̕Dվţ粽֮ңĻƵú·Υĵ˵ֻ档ܸԼġߡǸõıԶ
ҲںЩֻô˵ģ˵ٻֻ뱧סú۰
治ں֪ôƶ
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ˮٿضۿϴջ䣬ס죬ڵΡ
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̕Dһҹߡ
ƣ񿺷ܡ
˺ܶףóĽ۶ԼĿ޼
ĻҲûЩֻݣǻˣһҲʵʵڵĿѡ
֪ܴĸǶȥοҲ֪ôܰ޵˼άΨһȷǣĺϲ
Цޣϲûһ㲻õĸоȫǿԼģԼǵģ֮еһС
賿ĵ㣬ͳֻһγĻɾɾֻһ䡣
ͷ谵ķڣƮƮڴϣ컨壬۾ף˻л㱵ġ
ֻͻȻһ죬һֱ
Զ
Ļֽߣ˲סۿٴκˡ
̕DҾϲ㡣
лҪ˵ллlily@SarahonlyͶףллң~

26

գ̫ճ
ǷǶԹϡ
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ƮƮ㹻裬ź̕DĻˡԼڹ֮С
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ƮƮۣĺֿۡķ߱ʹȴҪÿ챻ôԴšû˰ģүүܰʱҲǳԼȱֻٰҪһ뵽ֱϧĸоůůģκ˶һ
ܵҪȥȴƴǰ
ҹ˯õʱź֪ʶ˵ѵ죬ǱʶҵġΪһͿ˽ĸȴóеЩҳеĺȲʧȥֹֿõ顣
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ÿڸԼĶСһ߲֪ʲôʱᱻжޣһֵʱ̹ķ߲ĥԼƣҲܴݲС
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ֽԾֻĴǺɫģ̴绰߼Ƽӿ촫Ⱦļ顣ոǱߵͬ´绰ȷHIVԡ
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Ǵ󲿶һһ뿪ʱָ
˼Ĳһλ֣ɵĲˡʮ꣬ŸԴĻıӣӱܵԶԷ
Сӣ˲ôҪġ̲סڡ
Ļ׽ӣСұʱ˵ġ
ڣһӵ˼Զ
ĻԴ
֣̾ʼ鷿
ƮƮվѧȴ̲ס̕D
֣ɿЩĲɣڼ겡֮󣬹˼ˮʼΡ
֪Ҫе𣿡
֪
֣ɵͷͻȻûʦļӣҰһһϽڶˣ⻹𣿡
ҡҡͷֻӲͷƤˡ˵ģӵʱ˶µġţš͸߸˿ƵģҴϴο̕DĴѪһȫһĽšģرˡ
˵Ż̲ס˸Ǵ˳ģ̨ȶˣ·ˣǸţʱٳһҾ͵ȥиСʦܣֵͦһСӡرЦ
̾˿ȾˡǸ˻Ǳڣⶼⲻ˵ùùúõһӣΪѧҽôࡣˡ
ƮƮ˵ԽԽأ˶ʼǡ
֮ǰʦ˵ҽʱ򣬱Ǽҳ㷹ܴף࣬˲ɻơҪ˵п֮󣬻Ҫе|ҺһСģ۾Ļ롣HIVͶҩûо԰ȫķʩ
ľ͸ȥʳĳӾһû׼¡֣ͻȻп
ƮƮеңɫҲס
֣ɷˣʶԼŵСˣǸϽСһѾʮˡзִģ㲻̫ġ
ƮƮĬţ⻰ʲôοãһֱš
лҪ˵2㻹һ~

27

ȾƵĻ֮󣬲ڰʱֱƽҡ
̕DȥʱƮƮ֣ɰŵС
һµתڣۿҪˡʱǸõܲ˳ƣǿƲסԼ
°ȥ·ϣҲһֱĲɵġ
ԤƻʮСʱҡڿʼĻȽˡȻͨҽرϲ賿һ״̬ûаãʧĻô졣
˼йһҹȥڽչˣ˳
ϸɫһ̷ɱȥҽԺˡ
ʱӦѾˣҹ˻ڴһֱ̕Dİ칫ҡ
칫ҵţǰ׼죬滹бˡ
Ǻܰڿޣ߿޻߽Щʲô
̕Dվһļû˵źöҪӣһ̧ۿƮƮ
ɫʱҪ߹ȥȴһѱ˱סˡ
ܰ˽§ġ
ƮƮȻʱһӿգذȾߡ
̕Dܵ𾪲С̾ƿ˺ܰûͣ׷ȥˡ
ƮƮԽԽţҲ֪ôˣؿڣӵһ㡣俴˽ΣжΪʲôᱻ˱סĲжһаõο
첲ͻȻ䱻߬ס˻ûüӦͱ¥ݼ䡣
ʱε¥ݼ䣬һˡ
̕DƮƮǽߣûбƽȴҲû֡
ˡ˵
ͷһ¡֪ղʲôˡ
ʲô˿
˵֪˵ʲôһ¸첲ʾſ֡
ͷ̧ûᣬһֻȥ°͡
ʶ㣬ȴҲڰˡ
̕DֺȦأƤԽ׾Խԡ֪ô£Ҳظᡣ
û£һ˳
šһܿߡ
ߡѵ
ƮƮһ٣ͷϵķɻǰ΢˵
ûлظⲢÿ췢Ϣʱһ°ʱ䣬ʱ·
ģܡʹⲻȥЩȴǵԡ
û緹ɡ̕Dת˻棬߳¥ݼ䡣ټôȥ⸱飬ܻܿ嶯
ȷſҡƮƮĴ֣ڡȻûʲôˣɻǲа
ȥ͡פ㣬׿˼ȷһԷͷſ㡣
ƮƮͷ֡
̕DɿȥͣԼ
ʵȥʳ죬ͣҲϰࡣƤ̫һֱŤ˵ǵطҲʺ˵һ
ǣְꡣ¥С䡣ϲԵϺȣ󣬷צһҬ֭⡣
ĺܿƮƮζӳ¡Լÿÿ붼ڸϲһ𣬷ǳ롣ܡ
ԡϺȵ
žӨ͸Ϻȣʳûд򿪣ͻȻˡԺ󣬿¾ͳԲˡ
ٰ꿴ˣŲǹɻɵζˡ
Լѣлл˵꣬ʼӡ
̕DŬԼ֡رһֻˣҲؼ·Сèֻúð§ﰲ
ܡΪһըëȻצ
ι˵
లµس緹
̕DѾٶˣԵÿ졣һСһСڵҧϺȣɵسš֪ŮӳԶǾرɰ
ԺҪһʱ俴ֿʼòˬ
ʲôʱУҪڹʹһֱĻᣬҲǾô
㲻ҪһֱҡڣȻûиӣҲõģҪ̫ˡ
̕DЦˣͿˡ
ƮƮ˵һϣ̲סŲϡ
ϿˣЦúܺÿеᣬеݡ
ЩȴҲûڹ˵ģͿˡ
ŮѡЦ⣬ͻȻס
ƮƮԴһˣĿ
ҪѵػӦţСԼ塣
̕Dţ˱Ȳ裬˵ꡣ²
֪㵣ʲô棬ڷ⣬˵Ҳ֪ҲںҽԺҲΪһҽҽıʹڸΣжϣѡ񡣡
ס֣ÿ춼ڸָߣϵȡᡣȻһ˳Ҳ˵ԼûиȾķաͨ˵屶Ҳǰٷ֮һ屶ǰٷ֮ʮߡ
ôġԼ֣Сֿš
ȴ˵ôģѧܺá
ѧźá
Цˣˣĺס
ƮƮӡĺȴֿסϲȴϲ
̕DеҲΪиȾHIVļʣͲϲô

Ҳۡ
˵˼Ҳʵ˸ԴΪ֪ԼᡣϲϲΪûΣգ᲻Ⱦϲһ㡣
ƿԣܵķҡҡ׹
ᣬôHIV첻֪ʲôɲʲôҽúõػšúóԷú˯úϲһˡ
˵ᣬû㱡
ôʡ
ףû취˵ڡ
ú롣֪תҪʱ䣬ھסѲ豭Ƶǰȵˮ
ס豭ͷ裬Ŷһڡ
Цˣŵᣬִŵ㡣
ҲȾһĨЦ΢ȴԱ֡
лҪ˵첻ˣ壬Ԥƺ25Vлл֧~

28

СҪϽ
ƮƮĲɵڵǰ, ûд֡
̕DҪˡ
ϰ˵ķɻ, Ƿɵ¹ŵ, ;Ҫڰķ˹صתһСʱȫ17Сʱ40ӡ
˳緹ȥϰ, ؼ˯ϻصңǱ߻ŵơǰҹյ΢ţ˵ѡʱѾ˯ˣϲſ
˵ͲȥҽԺˣҪ˼ҡ
үүĸ׼ҡظֲ֪ʲôݺáһε״̬棬ԼϾ
һ綼ڲ鷿緹ʱ, ûʲôθڡдСģϧе߹Լעû취Сһ˶ʱ
̲סֻ, ΢ŶԻ, εطϢ
ʲôأעⰲȫһ·˳磿, ˸һ
в, ̫
أһϢͻȻ˳
̕DȳԷ

ơһŹǷͻȻӳ
ʦеĲͣ㰴ʱԷֽ, ͵Цˡ
ллƮƮĵصл
̲סܣûӰ
ŹǷ, ̡һ򿪺ӣŹǺ׷ζǲôȴȥÿӡ
˺ֽʰװľʿſͻȻЩһͷԵ龰
ǸʱˣֻСˣȴѿӲˣɵΪŹǷʳõġ
ƮƮ¿ӣֻģ˾סݺݵšһѡ
ָĻöţٴһ֡
[Թ]ͣ
[ˡ]
Ϣ˲ĳһҵץץͷŹͻȻýǡ
ô죿˵ʲôֱ˵вС̫ʲôˡ
ΣûϢر֡
[㼸ȥ]ʵʵǣ֮ǰܼһ
[㣬¶³]
أϢĿռ䡣
ƮƮֻĵĳˣҲ֪ԼڻʲôĻظǵòУɾɾ˵ˡ
[]
Ȳˡ
һƳŹǷٴһ֣͡
[ŹǷܺóԣлл㡣]
꣬ȻӲӦüӸġţˡ
[úóԷ]
Ҫأֱĳһ
[°ࣿ]
һϣ١֪°࣬ڻôʣһǡʲô
[˵㡣]

صˣҳһֱʾԷС
ŵصţļð
[úù]


˰죬ͷһ
[š]
ʧصͣŷ
ͷһֱûٻظƮƮǰŹǷͻȻһ㶼ˡ
ѺԶһЩԼĬĬڤ롣ӣʧˡƳŹǷקǰˣ޹ġ
𿪿ӣųţȷûϻصĺóԡ
ƮƮһ綼һֵйţʱƣԽԽ³
ĵˣаСʱˡ
Ż鵥ﲻرĳҪҪһ·˳磿ԥţֻͻȻȻǵ绰
İ룬ϳ΢źš
̴λ߱߰½У䡣
һˡ
һ̱ϲϯȫڵѪҺš
ͣ𣿡ŬԼݷɱ
ǣ¥¡
á
ˡ
šͨ죬εץץͷˡ
ͷЦһˡպֻ첽ݣؿһ½һͣ˽ڵһ¥
ͷʱ䣬شȺС
˺ľͷǲǽ
ˣ˼ףǺɫġͷһЩӦǽͷˡվһǰһ״˵ʲôˡ
Ųһ㿿
Բʹֻбܵ񶼳˷ۺɫġ
̕DĲɵӦǰˣעڴǶȻƳһϤӰδ󺺵ţ΢΢ͳˡ
һס״ӳţǰɫTͰɫţп㣬ϵЬǰɫġ
СʹƵġûͷûԵţ۾벻
ҲǴЦ۾ģҲ˵ġβƮ崺硣
ƯЦˡ
ǰİ״ʶ̕D˳߿ȥ׹ô£ʶ˳
ƮƮǰվýšü䲻ڣ˺ȡ
㡪
㡪
ͬʱڡ
˵
˵
ͬʱǫá
ţͬʱЦ˳
Ҫȥ𣿡ȿڡѾ쵽ˡ
һ۾ߡֱӵĲֱӡ
ƮƮˣ˻һģȴַᡣ
㡭֮󣬡ͰͣǼð΢ŸҰɡ
̕Dһ˶ˣֹסĿġ
á
ػӦʲôˡ


29

ҼҵԿס̕Dͳ

ʱ֮衣ֱӷŽ, ס, ɿˡ
вСҡͷ
ƽʱҽ, š˵ùûʡ
ⶼǽڣǽʱ뵽ġһжӦһɰ, ˸øɸɾԿףʱ١鷳һ£Լˢڸаɡ
緢΢ŵʱɨĹĹ԰ҽԺһٶ๫ٹ·Ϊ¹ʶ³ϣܼһ档ղƴҽԺϣ˾类ߵöˡ
ڣ΢һ
ǡƮƮִԿ׶, ýšΧôˣ뱻Χۡ
šԿҲ뵽Ὺˡ
ƮƮû취, ֻԿס֮ͥÿ, ҡ˵, ôܾ
ʱˡԶ˾², һɤӡ
̕D˵ͷعƮƮֻ˼, š
ǸͻȻеţĪĽš
̧ͷӭĿ, һûж
߽ţһΰôôű˴ˡ඼ţ˵İӿš
̕DͻȻе㲻ڣȻһɤӣչ˺Լ
šͷؿڣܡ
εΡ˾˰ȡ
̕Düˡ
šƮƮеޣɬɬؿڣ㡭Ҳչ˺Լ
áǰ㣬Ҫ
ӣɵ˫ۡ
С̰һкԶһС
̕DסˣϳԺؾһ֣ŶƮƮ˵ȻȥúչԼҵ΢Ÿ㡣
˵꣬ԥһ£Դ
ƮƮµصͷֿԶ߹ˣ̕Dע£һͷ߽˴

վڴ͵ͷ
ţûСڸ˵
รҪˡǸ֣￴ϧ̫Զ̫ӣû
ˡ
ϳţӻţҲûκټ

ƮƮ겻߻⣬ġܣȴֲʹĵܡǲйƤƵġ޾ɡ
صλϣ鵥
ճһţ΢ʾ￩һ£ֱ
Ȼ
̕DԺ°ʿһȥסиȫҴкˡÿ콵£ǵü·

ડ
һϢ䵽ֻĻϡ
ƮƮģˣʼʧءѾŬڿԼˣɻֹסҪᡣ
ںΧûˣҲǲǱ˿ˣܣޡ
[Һˡ]
Ļϱĳһ仰
ΪԼۻᣬֽŲһ䡣
[ղӦñһµġ]
ס죬ỹ˳ָ䣬ȴͻȻеЦ
ĳرӿţ嶯ذŨصı˵
[ϲ㡣]
ವһ͡
һ룬룬ʮ롣
ΣͷûлӦ
Ҫлˡ
[ĥҡ]
[̹ջȥô]
ɵҡͷֿЦ
[Ҳȥˡ]ַ
ЦŲᣬ侲侲ẓ̇һһֵظ
[ҵ]
ͷֳĬˣΣһ֡
[á]
ɵɵЦˣĳ˵áӡ

ƮƮԼȫ֪սǸϣֽΪ׵СҽǣС̕D
㶨˰ǣ
ҿ˳Ƕˣ㿴޵ġʦ
ǣϲģ
ʲôϲ˼ᡣ
úúã˼ᡣⰮأ
˴סԺɾʦˣúźšûУֽš
⻹˵𣿷ģʦڵ꣬һο˵ġ
һ߶ȥ˭ءź򡣡
ǣź򡣡
ʦۿžͳˣ˵һվǼƣ˭ߣ
УҽڼΡ
УǾͿ˰
û⣬ȫϡ
СҽֵĽţվڹսǴˮȵĺܰһ䡣
ûµлĶƿǵе档Ҫȥ׷˼ңҪҪôϷ԰֪߳ܣ
ߺ޵ؿָףоѪѹƲסˡ
ǰƮƮ鶼ҪˡģＫᣬҪǲ˳ȥĻӢš
תŴԣͷԷ籩·һȦüˡ
۾ţͻȻһƺ⡣


30

¹ʱ峿ߵ, ̕D˳ִ˺ŵ
˵Ⱳʲô, һǳ;СܱխСĿռ, ͷ۵ʱԼһȺ֪ǷЯĳǱڲĳ˿͡
, ʮ˸СʱķУȻû÷ꡣ
һ·ܣõԼ⡣Ȼ֪Ϊʲôˣֻ˵ϲ̲ס˺ü顣
ֻû뵽ôˡ
ԭôζ
ͦҲͦĥˡ
¹ĳºܵͣ϶Է, ˼򵥺ѹԼ档
ڷɻͦ࣬궼, ̫, ʲôȵСʯͷ, ͻȻһ, ǲǱֵģķա
ǸôԶôء
һ·, ӦȷϵˡǸ£أӦòʲô⡣
Ϸɻǰŵһϲ, ͻûüʼ
Ƶ
ҡͷûʲôͷͳֻһλ
[ˡ]
ͷ˻Żأ[]
̕DáԾЦˣԽߣԽ١ӲܿƵ뵽ӣɣؿƯ
[΢Ц]˱
ЦݸˣԱߵĽӴԱһۡҲ֪ʲô˾䡰Ůѡ
˼صͷ΢Ц
еˬ죬־ͦɡ
[Ƶ]뿴
[ҵ]
[š]õճ̱䣺[ÿ춼ҿһۡ]
[]
Цˣ[ˡ]
ͷ˴һŻأ[ġ]
̕DЦ΢е㡣ҲһϢʱԾԼһ̶ʱ䡣
ǱߵƮƮֻԹ
һһ̲ס룺һ

ɡ
оòʵ˯һ֮󣬸øƵġ
꣬ͷû˻ڿȻûһʣ[ʱʮ㣬ô]
[]֣áβǡ~β죬ʲôҲûá֮־ÿȥ䡣յץץͷô°ΪʲôŰŶŶأ
[ãϼ]
һ֣[õ~]
š΢һ㣬ûôˡ
̲סϷ¼ŷţͻȻߵЦˣ˵Լģáеɰ
۵
һ󱭱ʲ䵽ϣƮƮһ̧һȡ
ôˣ
һתⲻȹ̽̽硣ȲȲ裬ȥſģȰλʾһͷ
ƮƮ˰칫һۣĬ
¥ݼ䣬ŸһϡȾŸԴЦ
ƮƮӶϤǽôԼ˵ġ಻̫
ι~ȼʱ򻹸ҿСˡ
ס첲֪Էʲôʲ豭ϵˮ飬ôˣ
װ㻹װЦ۾ûˣ˷ܵصͺ𣺡ȫ֪
ƮƮŬԼ죬ҪЦҪκƲסü۲ԾȾЦ⣬һеַۺ״̬
Ӵһѽ۹ÿɰ
ˡƮƮмܲס
Ц˸ֿʼԣ˵˵ô£κϸڶ©Ŷ
ƮƮΣ֨֨صؿڣǾ˺ܺáȻ󡪡ͣʲôˡ
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ʲʲôװƮƮС졣ˣʲôĶĶǣ
˵̕Dߵʱʮ¥ſš죬ŸԺ棡ȻҲе㳶һס֣ǵס֮ġ
ûûУûУƮƮҡͷǧֻһ¶ûС
úúãҵȻġûף˵طʱ򡣡Цţüë
ƮƮˣˡ
֪֪ˣȸϽסЦŵóۣûףһûף
ƮƮ
ȺǺţͻȻһĸʽοǼƮƮˡ

һط־ӣʵ̫Σˡп꣬ͻȻתΪǣƮƮֹģ죬˵㣬ܵúúÿ̕D
ƮƮһͷˮ
˵Ⱥߺ󣬡Ҳֻ˵Ŷһʵϰʿ˵ģ˳Ǽٵģ͵οһ䡣
ʲô
˵¹ǱһֽǰŮѡȹ۲ƮƮɫСţ˵̕DǰŮѾڵ¹޵£ǸŮİæٳɵģʲô١
ƮƮţȥûʲôӦ
Ϊû£˵Ҳ㿴ŵ̕Dû¶Ƶ෢΢ţʲôģϾ˼վʱء˵ǰɣ
ƮƮûӦ
ؿƵģǰŮѡֵʱ˾ˡһƵģرܡ
֪˵ĲһģģҲʲôֻҪһ뵽ϲˣˣܡ
ɬġ
ιû°ɡȼһֱʶԾקקˡ
ƮƮ񣬿źѣʵʵ˵ҾáҪһ˵¡
šȵͷǵúúһ£ͷһһģΪ˸ּëƤȥġҪִŶ̫ҪһЩӲʩ
˵꣬ƮƮһãȻ̾˿ˣҹһʱҲѧᣬû׼̕Dϲֹɵġ
ɣ

ƮƮԼǸɵˡ˵ЩȷʵҲ̫Ȼ֪ʲô˼ҪȥִУҲһúܱŤ
Ҫ
Ů֮䲻ܵĺúһ
лҪ˵~
ȫԤ17ңͦ򵥵һС¡Ⱥܸߡ
ϣαȽʱҶĵ~ Ҳȡд㣬ᡣ
лlily@SarahonlyͶףлҵ֧֣~

31

֮, ƮƮҲûй֮ˡ
ʽ, ֱȥﱨ¾ɽ, æúܡ
ò׵°ʱ䣬֣ȴСصһѺóԵ, ףǼ˳ơƮƮԴҷǳмԳԺȺȼ䣬Щ֮ǰ׼Сı⡣
һֱǢֻԺܰʱ˴˶еΡ
۵ŵ룬֨֨ص֣ü٣ɹŷɱ¥ϵҸϡ
ʮҪƵ, ٵ
һ·񱼣һʮӡ±Сܽϴּ䣬ϴϴ, ͷͷ, žӿԼ
ҪҪͿں죿
ˡ
̫ˡƽʱϰ಻ױ, Ϳе
ǡ
, Ȧأó׼򵥲¡
ţֻˡ
һ, Ͻ·۵ףץֻܡŵƣ˸ߺõĵط, ɤӣ½

һźڣ
һźڣϽԼ
źŲ
д
ɻؿžͷһЩŷֲǺTT
Ҹطͷˡ
žͷƣ
ӢģϤģǴЦס
顭顭
ƮƮػˣͻȻر𲻺˼еΣĵط̡
ͷ̕DƺҲôŤºô
áشš
ȴԼɵӣЦˡɴǾǿƲסһĿǸطģܿ֡һ֣۽ǾͿƲס䣬Ҳֹס
ʲôǰŮ֮ţ粻֪ȥˡǿģĿԿҲû೤ʱ䣬ȴоܾòƵġ
أԼһִûᡭۡ
꣬һ졣
̕DЦˣƺã˱仯ЦҲˡ
һУʱе㲻˵ţЩζ˵طɳȥЩƣ۾ȴһվǼ
šʲô֪
Ȼ˳žͷȻһμʱվںɡӡģر𲻺ýӴе¡
ڡ
ůǿʱ
дôˣһתͻȻϻЦҪΪǱʦסʻˡ
šƮƮµģرС˵дһˡ
ЦˣҰ㿴
ʱ𣿡Լճ̱ĵԷʱ䶼첻ˡ
̕DףЦ
ǡ֮󣬷㣿
á

ƮƮˡ˵áʱ򣬺ᡣеӻҪᡣ
ȡ̕Dɤӣе㲻ڡʻԭȱеġߡ֣չǰܸˡ
֮ǰĵǸ棬ֿѵı飬ʱ˿̵ûпɱԡ
ʤԵ㣬ֲǸΪԼӿ죬е㲻˼
׳Ƶġ絽ˣ
˵ͷĹСߴɤᣬŵζ
Ц뿪ڣƳͷϷԼе㶡
ɵ˭
ЦʲôûоĴġ
΢΢ľжûôˣ
Ǹĸ֮󣬾ûôЦˣǸȥ֮

ˡ̫ңԶǲ壬Ҳû䡣
ɨȥЩ߰˼ϳԺˣ
סʶ⻰ġƽʱǲ˵ǲ˵Ѿˣ֪˵ʲôˡ
ֽ˵ġӲز䣬̸ʲôء
Ŷ
ɵŶͻȻˣʵʵ˵һûĥӦø˵ʲô˶٣ҲҪ뿴㡣
šۣġ
ƤһĻĳ嶯ϵĴУϵζɳα˿ִź˵Сʱ¶ɡ
֪ʲôؿڡ
ʲôСѧУԺ£˸顣ɶСƮƮҲֻиµ󣬺棬֪һС
ͷĹЩΪѣ룬˵֪캣˰ɣ
š
ЦǺͨʱ᷸֮⣬ûʲôرġÿѧհүүʲôġʱҲ͵ܳȥͬѧƤƬ
ҲЦ͵أ
š
Сʱûٰ򡣡Լͯ꣬һ䡣һ𾪣͵ֻ࣬رĺӡһ¡
󡣸šЦ˳
̕DҲģ˵ͦСһ£˵Բ𣬷ҲˡҾǲ˵ҪӲ꣬Ұᡣ
ЦرС˵ٸӰɡ
ֳüͷһӰ롭һԺܲǱųԡϲƵ·ǵǿϡѧɢ򣬸ֿŲȥ֮ġּëƤ¡
ǺǺǡ
Цرɰ۾ģö
Ժܲ𣿡
ֻŲЩϲСƤЦ˾ͲᰤˡûԣҲѧɢ
ĺúӣֻиĸ֪ͷۡ
Цˡ
ȥһ£ɤӣ⣺֮󣬲ú¡

㡭ˣ˾֪ˡ
ô𣿡
ҡҡͷҪú̵ĻС
Ŷ
˼Ŀĵţܿȥ˰Сʱ
̕D۱ʱ䲻ˡ£ҲϢˡ
չ˺Լ֪ô
ţҲǡ
ͷ췢΢ŸƵʱ䣿
á
˯Ŵˡ
Ŷ
ǣ
ţ
˵꣬˭ҲֻĶԷûҪҶϵ˼
ͬʱЦ˳̾179졣
һͷţ179졣
ҵˡֿ۱
Ǹֹ
ôˣ
ҡƮƮԥһ£Ŀ⣬ͻȻЩᶨؿڣ˵ǰŮҲڵ¹
գ̕Dһ㶣һͷˮ
е㵣ġСૡ
ƣʲôǰŮѣ
й١ǺȷĲţΣе
̲סü뵽߽ǳˬ飬Ӧеţֲȫš
ʶһй١ģҲȷʵڵ¹ţûǰŮѡ
š
ţ
۾촽΢
ô
ʶصͷ˻ų׵غ֪ŶûǰŮѣûУ


ġЦˡľϲκĿɰЦġ
˶ֻһЦҲЦ
ڵ̕DǱߴϵòϵʱ򣬲ų׽ͨ
ƮƮǽϣֻؿڣһҲһѹ컨壬˴۵ĵƹ⣬ЦСɵӡģůůġ
δֻﻹƵġţܸܵ֡
֪Լôϴ裬ôͷôѵģֻ֪ڴϻǺ˷ܣ˯šȥǸɵЦš
ÿ֡
лҪ˵ллСͶףлл֧֣~

32

ƮƮĿ, ֻάֵ֮ǰ
ҽĸ, һؾپǡƶȡǼ, ʵӵŶ, ʮõġСҽԺȫʵС׼ģʽ
Ǹ߾⣬±Ƚ١ǿ졢׼ݣ¾޶࣬ΣƵĵطÿӶʱ٣ʩҲǿҡ
ƮƮֱϵԺУתѧʮһλڼԺУѧʮˡ
˿, ̵ʦţһ߲ιۼ¥Ҫɣһ߽Сƽ
תĸ, һ˼, ֪ʲôԵԭҪȥת, ҲΪﳬ, ʱ˼
ͬСǣʦġֲ´ʡɫ, Ϊµת˸еǡ
СʱˣȫǲιۣѵʲôҪ, ʲôҪҪйƶȣȻ
ؼҡͻȻöá
ƮƮͷҲšֲ¡ĸ֮ļƣúϸ
Ϊ֣ɵı߽ѾˡڿʦЦеġֻҪһ㲻׼ͻŶĽʽ}ˡ
һȦĺǣʦοֻø֢״ࡣ
һӣֽʦʼֹܶ顣ƮƮȣͩУͬѧһ飬ǳˡضʦԹܡ
ҲҪÿ͵͵ƮƮ顣
˽ɫǳĬ̾Ϣ
ƮƮʦűˡ
ƮƮ֣ǰλԭڵʦҲͣ΢Ůʦ̽ͷ
е㷢ëջ֡
ʦͷϴЦȥǳ飬á
ι˵ʦ᲻չһ°ȴС䡣
Ϊʲô
̕DʲôΪʲô
ȣʦ
ɤ־ٵø߸ߵġЦʦʴһЩ
ʦصͷ
һظѹܣͻȻ˷ܣҿʦһҲûİԣȻԼͻȻͣ㰡ôǿң
ƮƮסȵ죬üˡ
ǰⶼǣ˵ȥôˡ棬һʱҲ֪ôӦԣֻװơ
˵ǣĳæûаԵʱ䡣ʦǵ̽Լѧȥ鷿ѧ̣ϲˣæСκ
òװԷ̱ʳõķϣԺѡңҲȥ
ƮƮ²ͬ˲ƤƵġĺۣɽ˺طȡ͵һ¥޴
˵һ仰ûУʳĬĬšûθҲУ֧
ˣòҰԱӺͷͻȻ
Ҫ
ҿˡ
ŮŮͬΪӣУˡ
ȸƮƮ˶񣬼Էͬˡ
ǸƮƮȷʵͦƯģһ˵
ɲȻܱ̕D𣿡һ͡
ƮƮǺ˷
Է̸ߣûġ
Ǹģأ˵ô
˵ôôأǸǸǸDǰտȥ԰ֵģѧʲôҽô벻
㣬û׼˼Ҿءõ飡һ廰
վӵʱһֱ͵˼ҡǵС˼ɣʡõʱᣡ
һ߶ȥû
ҡ
ܲܲҪôǳŮˡ
ǡһ͡
ΪʲôģôõÿĶȥˡҪôڻǸвСģԱһѺ𣿶˵Լģء
ü¿ӾƮƮסҡҡͷʾԷ
ҵҰĸСʲô̕DԺҽѧ磬ֱһ·̵ưҸղǰǸͩ˵ʦ¶̕D㶨ġԽ޲Ǳѡˡ
ļٵģôڰ𣿡
ǧȷͬѧ֪¡ң㿴ʦƮƮ̬𣿡ˡŨŨظ̾˼㽻ѣͶǶʮ鰡

Ӯҡ
㿴ŰɣԺۻǾԲɵġ
ڰɡһɡ
ôڡ㲻֪Ŀ˭𣿡

ɵ̕D衣裡
ҿ
ưɡ˼ƮƮǹϵһ飬͵ܿ۰ɡ
ͷףƮƮȴ¸Ūˡ
֪𣿡ȡ
ģҲͷһ˵Թԣǲζš΢̹һأһɨղŵĲˬһЦƮƮԺļ¾ͿŶ~
ƮƮͷ죬˭ʶҾŮѵݣҲûʵ
еƣ飬͡
ĺûάְ죬תˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ˵лﲻʹ죬Ϊδ̫ȷе㽹ǡ
лҪ˵ллlily@SarahonlyͶףллң~

33

תʽʼ, жҪ
ƮƮ֮ǰй, ʽͶ빤һ̾ͱɢˡ

, ͳͳ˵, ȻԴλļ
ƮƮףԭļеһ졣
תʵлƣʦѧָһҽЭܡһҽһƮƮܡˡıʦԼˡ
磬ʦʶ˶иҪĲˣԿҹ켫ĲˣԼ˾֢ĲˣԼſҽʲôҩĲˡ
ʦ΢Цһһ, ǳࡣߵ֣ʦȫ
ƮƮ̾Ϊֱֹʦһţ˾໰

Ҫ, ֪𣿡ʦһ, ̵
ǡ
, °ǰԭ΢һЩļ, ͻȻӿһˣ˲˲г

Ȼ, 
һȻ
ҩƬģϴθһѣ޺ڡ
ƮƮ, ѵ״ӵʦѾ´ϣֱˡСŸϣʼĵһμȡ
ڣȴûеĻš
ҽԱ侲ؽÿһڣϷǳĬû˿ҡ
ϵĲΣ˶ھŬһڸʲôֻҪˣһǷУһΪȡ
ᵽ˼ĺ塣
˲Ϣ䣬ȫԸ
Сʱļϲ˱ء
ƮƮϴθߣûлʦĸ첲Ÿ˳ȥ
㲻ЩӰ쵽㡣
ǡ
ŬĲܶ롣Ȼֲסġ
ǡ
ˣؼЪŰɡϴˮ裬ǸĲˡʦ󱳣ͣղűֲһνңΣңܰ֡ԡ
ллʦƮƮϹԼ
ʦǴһӣˡ
վԭأҽյĴţԶȺЦᣬϲãʹࡣÿ˶Լʱ˵޳
Զˣ˼ǿػ
оıԵһΡû취
վ˻΢ƵͻȻѣϽԼСӣȡֻ
Ȼͨ
ֽţͷصúܿ죬ѾûʱƵˡǽߣЩʧ䡣
ʮһˣؼҡ
ʦĻϴˮ裬ú˯һ
սӿڣֵ·˺öࡣԭĽ䣬Ҳյ̧ͷǽǶ˸ƣ棬װһͷ
Ϊ滮ţʼòԾոյڶ棬ͦġ
һͣ½ţͳֻŵƬ
[װ]ʡ
̕DŲŻظ
[š]
[]
[ϻȫᡣ]
Цˣ[ûᡣ]ôܻΪװͷʲôԭء
[š]
[лл~]

ͷûأ˰СʱͻȻ˸Ƶ
̰½ֱܼӣͷ
ζţسˣһ̳£ϻŰ״ӡ
ܺãڳԼЦ
˵ûʱ𡣡ԼֲԾֺů˵
㡣
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ͷû˵ͨССĻﶼǹػ
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Ȼתڼûʧܣ϶оȲĲˡ
˯һ̕DЦˣǴʵʶԼǸ۷̥ŹԼûбİ취ֻӦ
š
ͷе۶ˣ
һۡϵĽţǸۻҵΣ
ԲÿҶתһȦһ¡
ǡӶơ
ˣˡƣúܡ
ôȷԼҪѡһƵģ
ü˵ѡ٣ϲԾȥѧˡ

Ϊжิӣ̕DЦˣ𾪵еȡ
ƮƮҲЦȷʵΪܸӡһɵģͻȻһ¡
ôˣֹġʡ
Ǹ˵Ƶ裿Ȼûˣʡ
ǣҴ̡Ϊˣƣ㿪۵⡣
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˭һͬʡӣһ
ƮƮͷ㡭ò˵˵
˵ǵ¶һʣҾ˵ˡɨĹүүصˣȻǴ󷽷ϣҲʲôܡ
һ˵λ˶ͦ˵ģӰѾ׷֡
˵׼ı顣ΪѣҲǲˡ
ûСҲ֪ô˵Ǿòϰߡ
̕DһҲϲһҪڣҲΪʶңҾҪںǵ뷨ЩǲҴžܱġ
˵꣬Ĭţͣ뱣㡣
ȻȥǾ͵Ҫôȥôֱϻ˼ɵ֡
֪С˵ţﶼס
šףϣ޿Ҫģ֪ô
ŶɵصͷԼҪ̫ࡣ
ЦˣǿСԴ
ٴαò˼ôεˣеΪġǣ˵ÿĻϾҲֻˡ
̕DͷͻȻһŮ˵Ķӡ
Ťͷ˵˾䡰֪ˡġ
ҵˣ˯
á
Ŵ˵ζ
á
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ƮƮͷ֣ʱÿ죬־ʱ
̕D㣡ͷֽˣǸŮ
ûŤͷӦЦſһۣսᡣ
ƮƮֻ̱ڴϣζŸղŵĵ绰ŽһСֻ棬ˡ˵ʲôζҲûȻԺ˯ˡ
лҪ˵~

34

ʱδת
ƮƮļ, ˳ؽš
Ȼÿ춼æ, Ҳȷʵ̕D˵, һͬʡ˭һϸ񡣴߸, ϸ۾ǳǿ
ƮƮǸоһ㲻ͬ
ʦߣҹ࣬Ҳûҹࡣ㣬²˺ܾáȻû˵ʦ͵͵͸¶, ᲻ʱһԼ
ͬѧ治˵ʲôǳѺãڱô, ʵҲ̫Ҫˡ
֮һжûе⡣
ھµסԺ֮, ڴﵽ˳Ժ׼ƮƮص˵, ߸˵ؽؼҡ
ŮЩûкúһ, ̾ãصسһӲף
СԺǳ, ǽֵµѿƾɵСˮСš΢, гãһжڳźõķչ
̕D绰ʱƮƮհʰɾʾһ죬͸Ͻ֣СŽҡԺɹ̫ţСҲЩ˽˿ռ䡣
ƵһͨͷζӰɫT˶㣬ڷϻˮͳ徵ͷʣ극ˣ
ˣأǱӦϡ
Ҵԡشţɫһᣬ۾û뿪Ļһë̽ӻˣʼͷ
ţӻˡƮƮžͷҲ֪ԼڿʲôǺ飬ʱ򣬾Ǻúÿ
첲رԣͻǲ֣ȻɣرСңϲζȣÿζִ󳨿Ƶˡ
ʲôأˣֶԼرɰ۾д˺档
ƮƮ˵ò˼Цţֿʼˡ
̕Džͷۣ¶ŰĲͶ΢΢ĹһٴȥƵֶĥˣ룬˸롣
ŵĹ񾭿ѧоһֱĵطܵõΰطָǧѷĻᡣʽо棬չܶ࣬Ҳѧٶ
ǰκμȣ޲ӳһء
ǵĹܾҪºҲ΢һ¡
ʵеԾû뵽ԼˡǰֻڻԼе⡰ո𣬴Ӵ˾糯˼ˡ
˵̲סĶȤζǶ졣
˵ʲô۾Цģʪġ
УҲЦţαϣĿͬ
ÿôʱ䣬˵ĶЩӪĻɾǾãҲͦõģһ첻ͻԾ
ˣܲܲҪԷˣ˲ڣڸȴرǿյĲͣһ顣죬յķͱ
ϲԣӰ첻ã
ǡڶӰòҲˡ
Цˣ˷Ǯ
е㾽ŵءšһ
ǵ㻻ңҾͲˡ˵ţںˡ
۾գš
᳤Сûһط˲ϲΪʲôܳĶ
ߵ죬رżϵζģӡ㡣ȷʵûһ£¾һ£Ҳ֪ʲôо˯ŵʱ򣬻ܻһ¡
˫ϸСֵĴУ֪ġϸסͲɿ
ˡڽô˿ÿζķšϽֱ¡
Цˣ͵͵¡
һۡ
۾һϲое֡ԣһ˱ҰͶͰʵһӦþͱ˼Ҹ絽ˡȻҲᶯ١
ϢؿڡȥһЩͷ϶ܿһݵøࡣȻÿƵʱȥܿɫƣԼΪιǷ᲻ʱµ
áͷǡġζ
Ҫ
ǣܺõһʼȷʵæ
ţ˯ɡԥǲӦýƵ
ֱӴͷÿ쿴㣬˵ڳ磬˯ûá

̵ˣҲôģۣǳǳЦţģеᡣ
ҡ
աͷͻȻһŮĻһǳġSurprise࣬ϲ
ǰ̕Düͷһ壬ҪͱһӲŮӣرסˡ

ƮƮĿɿڴ
̕DҪ˵
ߴһ
̵һ䡰ƮƮŵһţһֱֻ׹棬顱һ£Ļóףѳᡣ
лҪ˵~

35

̕Dź˵Ļ, Ҳźˡ
קϵĹ, , һ׵ľ룬ܰ˶, ˣ
ѵĹԹԵվãǳɫϷʽŨŷױ£һʮŮӡ
硭ׯʫίؿ֪ԼʲôˣҶûˣܱһ𣿡˵ţСһ, ŽҪǰˡ
̕Dףվšջߣ²ͨƮƮ΢š
Ϥʾһһ, ÿһ, ɫѿһ֡
ׯʫһԿ, εεʣҸղŴŵͨ绰𣿡ȻʶԼĴ, Ҳǹġ
̕DϵͳʾԷֻܲߡ
Ļ, ½黵㣬صԻ, ʼ֡
[ˣáͬĸ츸á]

ͷûлظ
[ġ]

ûлظ
üĥŻô͡˼룬˷绰룬ֱӴ
һ룬롭
ûѹػ
硭ׯʫˣÿֲӰղŽʱϵЦ۾ԲģżţǡǸ磬ǲǡڸ˭š̸
̕ḐֻƤ
Ҵˣ֪ˣׯʫ̾ͶԼɰɰı飬׸ģҾ̫
ģ˵ĶĻ
ôңҺ¡
硭硭
̕Dջߣʱ䣬ƽʣ
ѧУżˣ
ûС
Ժϸˣ
ţС
У
͡ǻԵ˼ׯʫʼðȫ¸磬±ѧϰ糾͵ĴӰϹǵñѵȻǴģҲ뿴簡
̕DƳһۣǳζһۡ
ׯʫ̻⣬֪ˣһúѧϰġ
˵꣬ղôˣǣĵĺĿʼ硭Ůˣ
һۡ
Ͻֳ壺ҿɲҪ̽˽ҡ˵ˣҿ԰ͽ͵ġǺǡЦ꣬Լ顣
ҿû磬̬˼Ļ
۾һҾ˵ãҲҸʶһòã
̕Dֻ룬ҡͷһԼȥߵǰͿ͡
һһ
١һεؿﻹſȡ
·꣬ȥ緹
ׯʫģֲҿ̵Ųȥҹ١
̕Dޱعţ·΢ŵ绰ִһ飬û˽ӡղŵĸ꽵֮󣬲ԾˣСӵˡΪӣʲô
ˣַˣ
ܺá类ᡣ¿ʼİΣˡ
һײϷţ¥һ¹ϴţϰȥ
ׯʫһȿڿѹѹ١²ۡ
Ҹôֲôϲ
١Цϲ˿ɶˡ
˵ޣסһΪеʲôأû뵽ãȻŮˣׯʫſϣҡҡͷ
١һٴνͣסһоķӣңҽ
ֲʶǡ
ңҸľֻͨѡ찡СʱϡͿİҪó˵ٴΣ˺ϲƻˡ
֪ҾǾͦׯʫЦ㣬ʶҸŮ𣿡
١ҡͷûʶ
ŶһʧͳֻͨϢ
Ȼһ֪ģ˰ûһõϢֻܿʼʱˡɧȥǸһȦǴ׷˵¼֪Է˭ˡ
ƮƮ
һ£ֺܶݣȻǸģء
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ȫ֪Լ˵ƮƮ˿ڵϷ
ԭΪһĻĲ𾪣ֻˡ
˲ֻϿϵ
̵ֻ˻áSIMȡȱֵ绰ͨɿ۲ԣУż죬ƽԡ
ٴ򿪣¼ҳ΢š

ȻҪɨһɨ
ɨˣҲȷϲϢ
һ壬ֻпȥֻˡ
һͨڣʲô㶨ڿµ¼΢š
ԻհһƬе¼ûˡһģϢ
[ֻˤˣµġ]
ͷҪȥص̕Dء
[û¡]
ղԼ֮ǰĽַͣһ飬[ãᡣ]
ã
׵
[ͬĸ츸ǸС]
[Ŷ]ΪǸй١Ůӡ˿Űϣֻæһ磬Цˡеۣٿ
ͷ̕DѾûˣ룬úϢϢ֮󣬾ͽˡ
ƮƮ߻ԺӣСϣŶǽֻӡ̲סЦˣŻһ£˵һƬ
Ȧ
ʲôʱܿ
ʵ뷢ǣʲôʱܻչǡ
лҪ˵~

36
ʮ¹ȥ֮, һж˼
ƮƮ˳Ľ˼ת, Ƶʱ򻹵õһ׿ϵĵͷʾ⡣
;һţп, ǮѹǰС˺ܶࡣ̵ľһֱȶԺ˲ˡÿ춼, Ҳ˲١
ĹҶضǣݻһƬ͵ľɪ
붬ĵһѩٳٲ١
ΪҪǹ꣬ƮƮջϼɨɨĹүүһжãҪ
СϵԽԽ࣬˼ҲԽԽŨ
ÿ춼Ƶ, ÿ춼ɵЦҲÿ֮ͨȻʧ
ֽ, , ò񻰡־ҪĴװ, ɪɪ, ֵţݵţ¶һҷǳҸģ
һ, չˡ
֪߳ͻȻ˳űȿȡ
ллƮƮӹȥм, ôˣ
߳Ϊ֮ǰʹһഺ粥ˣߺ죬˵·ӡһʲôװ磬æüˡ
£Ȼ˰߳뿪ЦԴ֪ƮƮǸҽ֮˺ܾõˣ⼸΢õܾܲôɡ
ƮƮΪЦЦߡ
㡣߳λγԿףոµһѡ
㻻ˣ
ţһصľ㣬˼ɡ
˼ƮƮҡͷЦˣ˶Գϲ֮ǰҲɡ
һ·žɣ߳˵˺ܶϷļţƮƮһ棬̾ÿ࣬ʲôֶװ
߳úܿЦЦԷȥԵʲô
ƮƮܾˣСʣ㲻ȥҼҳԣͦʱûˡ
ðҺܾûˡʳ˭ܾܾοǱĵĸ߳
ҹĻ٣˳ִ
ƹӣ·ߵСʯӶ壬߳̾һ䣬ƮƮ̲סȥͷЦˡ
Žң׼һˣҾȻΪ߳Ҫѳļзˡ
߳ǳദ绰˵̺ǺֱЦԼʱĸСȤ£һٷԵ÷ǳ졣
ֱƮƮߣ컹ϲ£
ƮƮ̿ŮСҿСõġ
š
ϲģ𣿡̾ʱ򣬺
ƮƮεЦˣ֪ϲˡҲ֪
ʲôˣ֪Ϊʲô̕DƺûʲôøСǧ֮գð
Ŷ̹ȻЦˡ
ƮƮƣΪʲôϲ
̷ź꣬ŤͷŮô᲻ϲÿ˵û꣬Сôôõġ̾ĳ˼̫ˣ䲻ϡϰչӣ̫˲еġ
ƮƮջߣӡƵģ벻ʲôȥ
ҲûٶôĬţӸɨɾˡ
ҹˣϴϴ˯ƮƮڿŸ̕DƵ
ʮԼ
һ־ϤЦݣôţֻһᡣǱӰر׶ƸУǶ˰ɡ̲סﵽͷ
ô޾ɵġ̫Ѩ
еˡЦЦ㿴Ҳ۰

ˡ
̕Dҡͷ˳𣿡뵽ڴ촩ô·վһ죬ͲǸĹûɣҲûҪ
ͦ˳ģûʱ䡣ЦЩɰ
ҲŴ̲סţпܺÿ
Ѿ𣿡
šѾͷԶԼºͿģҲ֪Լвٷ˿ɡŮӾӶ࣬еҲ١ͣÿ챻ȽյܶСϢ
Ǹи߳Ϣ͵ǰǣϲˡ
ţԭϻһ˽CPۡ
ЩС˿ǣƮƮǸ߳ͼѼһƵֶ
Ƥֱֻ˳á
ĵʱر𲻺˼ߵЦˡ
ûӻֻ΢Ц
Ǹţпȷʵܺÿֻһ˿ӹ棬дȻֻȥ¶ǣͷųԸУе˽ַһˬ
˵ʵֲԸԵòͦᡣ
ͷһᵽʲôоᡣ
ҲܻԲԡţȥЩʧ䡣
εصͷû취߲꣬ʥԪֽڼҲҪ­
͸Ļ໥ŶԷһʱһֵ׽²׽Ļ˵ΪĻΪǸ׶Ρ
տʼôԶ
ǺȴЩɬ

գ粨Ϯ
ƮƮûߵҽԺͱȵ΢źըˣֱӱô£
һͷˮֱ㿪ӡ
˶ļӴֱ⣺½С߳ع⣡
ͼ°࣬ȻҳԷọ̈̄ĽβȻõҹδ顱ĸ֡
лҪ˵~

37

ơ
̕D峿һ, ͱźһŵǱ, в·ġ
ڴͷ, ⷭһ¡ӹֻáơݡ
Ƭ, 仰һ£ЩCPƵͷۡ
תһ½ӲĲӣϢ
[ˡϵҺòá]
ˣ͸ŹɿɰﲻسСߵģ΢ЦģرƯһӾתˡ
ʱ, ӦѾϰˣתڣӦûá
, û, úϰ, ʱƵ
ͷû, ֻ
̕Dµ绰ϴȥˡٻ겻绰ĸ׾ȻƵ
µóҪʲô, ԾȻ·˿ֳ֮󣬲ɳϻزȥ
ͷڰ칫ҵӢ, Ķ̷ݣƯʳڣʲôµĺۼͰԼĶӡ
¾˵ʲôɡ
Ӣɡ
̕DЦˣ裬Ҹʱ䡣
Ӣһֱ⣺ǸŮô£
ٵġ
ٵҲУȥˡ
̕DӻûЦ
ӢҲ˿ǣɣǲܳЩ߰¶ŮЩ鱨ʵԴɣȷʵе㵣Сɫǻ衣
ңЩˣ
Ȼˣϣ˵˵עһΪֹ
̕Düܹԣô˵
ӢҲüû˵ԣӦø˱һЩ룬ȦˡһҽģΪʲôҪģأ
ԼǶֻõһ䡰ǸùʲôСжϣӦǸúӣģ²У̫ˡ
̕DĬ
Ӣ֪־ˣ̲ס̾Ҳ놪£Ϊ㡣ò׿һ赱Ȼϣܺúöġ
ӻûӦּҪǾѣǾͰæҸʲôǿȥ죬㿴ô
̕DĸѵõϸҰﻰ˵ˣҲôҪ
Ϊʲô
ûκ¡ң㣬ˣûб߼
Ӣüͷšɸ񣬡ʲô߼߼ģ
ʲô˼߼ԴģλߣӵеĶ࣬ҾͿԶָֻŵԽСһֲԾӣںܶȵϡ
Ӣ˵еѿ̲סŭЩ壺˵ʲôԣҾͲǹ§§ġһУһף
ǲһгԴ׵ȨȨûҪȨ
ӢüͷøһʱҲػ
ĸôţ˭ò
󣬻ĸֲӣһСʱÿһΡ
УСҲ㡭˰ɣǲײǽͷ
̕D
үү̾û˵ʲô
Ҽ͡
ӢЦУһҶЩįҲЩԹ
ܶ˰뱲ֻõһϿɣɲôŬ벻ǵۡǸң벻Ǹţֻ뿪
̕Dĸ׵ʧ䣬ȴֻѡĬ
һĶԹһСôڡ
ĸղɢ˴ֻصԵ켣ȥ
ͷƮƮٴᵽϢʱһССģûʲôˮţҽԺطȻһ硣
ϣʳҽԺĳϣܸܵ䲻ͬϢ
ɣϷӣֻȵȵȵȡ
÷꣬Ͳдֽϸȫ£׵ģ
߳ĳ٣Ҳ֪жš
Ψһֵοģ
ԣˣľ
°ʱֽ̣ȻŴСʳͻڿơվڰ칫ſڴţʦ̕D͡Ůһʳһ֪سƮƮЦ
һᣬ
ҹ͵͵ڿŸƵ
ʱǰһЩһ򿪣״ӵվڻ̳ϣǳġ
𣿡Ҳ¡
䡣˸ǶȣⲻˣӰ˧
̲סſ۾ģˡ
ˣô
ŶôӦţ黹û䡣
͵͵Цˡ

ģӦ֮󣬵˵ͷ
ʸ𣿡ͻȻ˵
š
𣿡Сţ˵ŵ¡
ü־䣺һЦǳԴס
գգۣҧס촽
ߡ߳ҵһѡ
֪Цʵ˵ⲻҼܳߣؼңȥҳԷ
еţǡ´βˡʶ̣Ҳš
û¶ԹԼ

һͿ
һȥ𣿡ɫ棬Ρ
ͷۿᣬޱ֣صءšӦ                        
лҪ˵лСѩͶףȡҽ~

38

ݳݺ, ĺ¡
תƵĵһ, ƮƮͲˡĿڵ, ȴðˡᣬ, еĸð֢״ȫС
ʦѵԺظȥ鷿
תļ룬Ӧսǿ鵥ٶȣҲƵϷɿˡ
οΪ˼ԾǺϤģ̵ʦ̵ҽԼҪӦڣܿܽ״̬
岻, Կøá
һæµϣæһ²ʦЦ, ˵һ, Ӱ˼ҹ
ƮƮЦЦ, Ҳûǿȷʵ, ؼ˯
С·ϣ΢졣·ߵĻƯɫ, ӣ
ӣһܾҪˡǾ̲ס, 
ʱ⣬˵Ҳ̣˵Ҳ
ֿڵֱò͸߷壬͸濴ŵһθԷĳζ񡭡ֻʣƿ̵
ȾɫʣȻŬţΪ׼
ҸͥԺʼһֵȻҲĳš
ҵͥԺ֪ôˡȻԿףȴһҲûҪȥտһ»ݡʹһΣЦ˵ֲȥɻֻ롣
Цŵ޻˵
֣һѾϤˣɹҵ绰֮ȴû취ģһ֪˴˭
װĵƻţջ˼гáվֱִӰԿףожһɨ˲佩ס
׵ĵƹ棬һӰ
Ϥİ
Ź⣬֪ڿԼŨ֪ʲôֱԣ˲ɢе⡣ˣֲڰɵɵ
һÿһһ
֪ôˣǧͷؿڷڿ񻶣ȴһֶŲ˿ڡ
ˡ
ˡ
ø߰
ǰˣԾ˵һ仰ЦЦúϤֺİˡ˵ʲô죬û塣
ֱЦظһ飬˵ߵÿ졣
̕DǰĹһʱ䣬ҲҪֻǸЦӯӯŮغһ¡
ȷʵˣϲûг
صţһԣԼҲúûζ
İȷʵ
Ƶˣôվţһɵɵ̬վţ٣̲סβڡ
ģģģȺġ
㡭ˣŨصıĤ
ðˣûƵѳæϲû뵽ͲˡɢΣǰһ㡣
šͷۻʶˡ
ԭգ
վԭؿŹ⣬ɫ
ӭŹ⣬ϵΣһںڵ飬дһ
̕Dӣоؿǵطʲôײһ£ܣֲ֪ô졣ֻܳĬţǰĹƵĹ֡
ҡƮƮ˼οڣû˵ţۿȻĪغˡ
᲻תҲ֪ΪðΪ
ް͵͵ؿڡ
ͷŬᣬԲ𡭡ҲǶ㣬ֻǡϰߡ
ͷһоղűײؿڣֻˡͷ۾˵һ£᲻õ

һٿһ±졣
ûȴ𰸣ֱӰĸ첲Ӱͳһ˾뻳ˡ
ӲվţִȱߣҶҲˣáý
飬༸ҪؿȥˡڸˮֽϦꡣζܺţҲԻ
ȡ
һϣоϵֱֽһЩ
ͻȻ¶ȣŵӲҺ
ͷĲƤһ顣
ʲô
Եסȭͷŵϵ֣ɿһֻһ·ϻÿŲһ磬ŷ󣬴䵽ԺָĦͷƺڰ
õô͵͵ʣȻӣƮ䡣
ŵ˵ͷƤе㷢飬ֺϤܣȥ
ССءšһɿָ̧첲Ƶĺ󱳣ȥ
ԽӲһ£ǻ𶯡
Ц
ˡȻҲЦˡ
˰ӵڳΪʵõе㲻˼顣ֻϧ
žડ
һͻȻԺ߶
ƮƮŵ֣ˡ
̕DΪֱ˵ĽŲƽſڣֱɿ֣ͷ
Ƶؿţ۵ȵſڣһԾñطˣعڴˡ

39

˯ɡ
ҹ, ڵķ, СϷֱˡ
ͻȻһ, ŵڷƮƮЩг
ŶԹԵӦ, ѱӸǵͷϣסֻ⡣
֮ǰſֻ򵥴˸кˣܶ໰ûü˵뵽ھǽһͷǸӵԸûһ˿⡣
[Ұ̳ˡ]
̕DŸ첲ڴϣ΢ţ̲סЦˡ
[˯, ϰࡣ]
ƮƮ㲻磬˯һɡ
̕D㡣
ƮƮˣںߡ
ܿ, ԼҲ컨ˡζŸղǸӵ, ô˯šΪʱ, Ϊ
, ڻˣ[ڸʲô]
̕DЦ[]
ƮƮ
̕Dġ
ƮƮ
̕D, 緹㡣
ƮƮ
̕DȻʲô
ƮƮ˻[ԡ]
̕D, ô
ƮƮ۱[ʣĸСʱ]
̕Dš
ƮƮ
ƮƮá
ǣ峿롣ƮƮƽʱǰһСʱϴ磬Ժ˸Сţ˵¡
̵ͷ˯ˡŵػ˺ü·˸ױš
µ׵峿⻹ǺŨġ
΢΢СߴߴţףȥģԴҲ졣
̨ףžʹˡ
̕Dűߣһɫ˶Ͼˣ۵Щ죬ʱĺۼ
Цֽӹϵı𣿡סС֣졣
ƮƮҡͷ΢΢̣͵͵ʼð
ŨͥԺڣҵĿӭúš
̕D˫ոµЬŵűߣֱſڵĹӱ߿
ƮƮ˼Լ֣ʾɿôץôЬ
ţǰͷֺȥ
ٿ˰óСߣв
̕DЦˣɿ֣ȴͷһͰ§ղſھ뱧ڸ֡
оӣ§һЩָĦķ˿˳ϸ塣Ưͷɢϲ
̲סͷĲſǲǸһ㡣
䵽Ķ䣬һһᷴԵػ˳űܸ·ߣŲˣľϻͦıգ˳ƤһһĴ
ƮƮŵ༸̫ˣ
ȵĺ촽ϣһһΣ̡ܵس´뿴ֲҿ
£ģ촽һ
˫ۣ˫קϵ·ָˡ
ࡪࡪ
ˣ¯ͻȻС
͵ؾѣſڽɿһ룬촽ʹȺѹȡһ£쵽գۣ뿪ˡ
վԭأߵػŤͷԼЦ
۾գգϵĺ̡
ðΣŽһ־ס죬ҧסſ۾
̕D֣ʾ
̵߽ںߡ
˱ȸ
ԹԵӣţ۾һ㰡ܸðЩζǿƵؽϵͳ
ЦţԴصع˺üطĿȶζ
ƮƮűһСڣһСڣ̺Ϳ֮⣬һֱݣȷ
سӹӣȦ鷢ҵ棬͵͵˵Ҳ
ţһ׼ȷ˹
һʵʵغס˴ϣ⡭ȻҲݺݵ˱ˡ
ϣҪĹˣվסһƬհףһȱӡ촽ʹУ૳ͻȻ˸ƣϣš
ͷҪ
촽£ֺݺݵغסס⣬˺ôһ
úˡҪϢʱɿ˴ĶͷǼԣ˴˶ڴڴ
˽Ϧ꣬壬л㱣ֻʣֱӵķӦĺȫʹ
˺þã˿ϷţֱҲˣųһֻȥصءͷϸõô
صͷԼվһ㣬ں죬˼
ƫ⣬ͷգ͵͵Ц
̲סСС˵Ҫðġ
ɿˣȥʢ࣬ð£ôصģ
Цۿ
СˣκͿȣ赵ͣÿһ⡣
㼸ģҪʱģ˯
Ц
û˯ɣ۾
̕DСʾϽԡеʱҲ˷ܣȻ˯šóԵĸðˣȵͦõġӦҲûʲôθڡ
ϰˡ࣬ձĵطеֲ˼
һ
ػӣ飬ͷˡ
ţˡ
Ϊʲô
ϲġüЦ
û˵ɡᣬС˼ô˳ֺˡ
̕D͵͵ֳ̽ӣͷһ¡Сʲô˵ܰ뷨
ǰƵ˵ͷһֹģֱﻹд˿ϧ
ʶϲԼͷ
ȻûҲûʲôν
ƮƮŤŤЦֲ˼ģ۾Ҳˮġ
ԡȻˡ
غ࣬γһڣζȻúãóá
ֽΡ˾߲࣬ζǹͽҲϡƬټһƬȺŪġΡ
˿ڿȣü
ǺЦˣֺȻеתǴȥʣµĿଷûꡣﲻҲЩ֡
ôǡƣ¿ȱסһֻ֡
ҡҡͷŬûʲôΪġ˼ƮƮת̵̬ˡ
Բ𡣡Сڣס

̡е㡭š֪ʲôݡ
̕Dף˼ϣҽܣò룬ЩнΨûпŮѵϲ
Ҹʱʽݷһ¡ֱ̧֣
ĸһգۿԵȵġ
Цˣʼ治Ǹ⣬׼Ųȥͼקס첲СԹ԰ɣҪٵˡ
Ƕģͷȥ۾ﵽˡ
򶨵غ࣬۹ⲻü۶ģҲȺġ                        
лҪ˵ллINGġллǣ~

40

緹ʱ, ƮƮԼʳá
, ߾ʹϷʵЦ˵ζŶ
ιƮƮ, ҿԷѾûʲôˡʲô˵
ȹܲô, ˷ܵ´ýãôô𣿡
ƮƮôţ̲סƹЦˣúܺãס
Ҿ˵һ˵ģ۾ûˣչȥ˯˰ɣ
˵ƮƮ, һºˣ̕DϵһС
ȹЦ, üëô
˰ƮƮƿ, ֱ, ŬԼҪԵ̫ڿˡ

ѡ
ȷʵҸ, ڶڲס
Ҳɵ֣ǳ㿪İ⣬˵Ҳͦģһ, ҾȻ԰Ȼĳôã
ƮƮ۵Цţ˿ˮɤӡ
̕DһȷʵûѡȻûЩѵ, ȷʵͦ˳ġ
õİ鰡ʼʱ˵ԡͻȻп秵ġ
ƮƮЦô㣿
ûʲôͻȻеԡԼĳȵȵȵȡҡҡͷ⣬ŽţֿʼƮƮҾá
ţ
̕Dܳɡҿ϶ʽĵͷԽԽеƮƮһ£ЦŽͣ̕Dһ֪ԼҪʲôˡءôҲǻϹģҾðûˡ
˵̫ԶˡƮƮջߣͷԷȻάЦݣ۾ȴûиղôˡ顭ʵ̫Զˡ
ôֻ࣬ע¡
ûЦԶʲô̕D29˰ɣ϶ߡҲСˣ̸ÿǵԶһЩһͽ֣˷ʱ䡣
˵꣬ƮƮûӦʣи˵Щ𣿡
Щ
Ǽҳ鰡ʲôġǲΪǰĽ
ܺãҲ档ƮƮѡԵش𣬲Щˡջϲĸ˵ϣҲȥ
šȵͷǾС̕DǸ׷˵ľͷҲģ϶֪ƮƮ˭ˡ
ĽֿģźýãͻȻ;ãԺ󡭡ǲҽԺأǺɵЦͻȻһǲҪȥĹ氡
š
ҹù˵˺öԼ
ǡ˾ȷʵ˼ĻҲúܺáԺϿɺܶࡣ֮ǰӼģ˭֪ǰˡ
Ҫæһ죬Ҳ֪ܼܲ
ʽϰ࣬Ļ治һԼ档
ӼĸҲٵ˵
ǰ
̕DͦүǶģѹûǸŵ¶㣬Ҳ㹻šȸ̾
ƮƮЦˡǶʱΪĵ͸ֶҽԺ۸ġ
úܺãõһ˿һȱ㡣
ƮƮģҸúòʵ

ý̸ͷȥүү̵̕DҲ
үӰʮˣӹǼӲʡΪ˸һӶ˭һͬʣΨ׵ʱܶ༸Ц
Եүү̲סӼӲˡô̫࣬ʳˣͷԳԲá
̕DӹˣҲүү˿Ե÷˿⣬һû¡
һԿţ̲סЦ԰ɣӿˣһ
үүûʲôжѸ٣̶Ӽ⡣
Цŵүһۡ
̕DҲˣʢ
̺ãһȰŴӣֲ˲ͷ㰡пնǡǸһ𣬺òã
УҸʱǡ
̼һ񶼱ˣ̲ס棺ôã
š̕DЦˡ
үүҲˣһС
̵ɷһۣ˵ӿɱ˵Ļǿˡ
̕D͵׵ıƣе㲻ϰߡ
үүһУϲϾͲˡ
˼ҺҲɣ̕D̡
̧ܣǲһӵ۹⡣
үү룬пϵ۵ʵǶҲС
ſڣûķ˹ѾõĶӣ˹ȥĵεΣﲻһ
үүϰʹ˸ɫ°ָָڳԷӣʿɶֹõӣ˵Щ
̕DĬĬŷװʲôû
Щʹʹ˰̣ҲԶȬ
׸ĸ׵Ĺ£Ѿʲôˡ
үү̱ϵɸƫƫӢһ飬ҷ䲻ȢϿȰһˡκθ׾ǲ
ȫϣþȻ᳤ʱ򣬸ĸˣ̼ҹܡ
֮ûȢһҵֱ̕Dʮ̨꣬ߡ
ʧӣ㶼Ҳûܻ
ǾľӢֲֻᡣ
ǻϲġ̕DЦſڡ
λ˵ע̱׷ʣ˵ǸùҲƯƬûУȸ̿
̕DүүҲһڴЦͳֻƮƮƬ򿪸ǿ
˴չ׷״Ӷͳϻϣֻ߿ߵͷáЦúϲ£죬үүҲͦ⡣
˵ѧϰҲãһءΨһϢԴѧ࣬ˣûնЩСһģҲΪ̫û˸ǰ㱨Ϣ
үү͸ˣƽʱлûһ䣬ʮѧޣ˭ǰ˵
ǣܿ̿࣬Ҳܹԡ̕DشһƮƮ˾ͲԾ
úúá˺οүүң֪𣿡
̕Dͷ̷ġ
ЦһͻȻ¶ϺμҵСŮǲϲ㰡ǰʱܣ˵ͦɰģĻɲ٣һ
̕D̵ľһᣬЦҪǾ÷ҸɾܾС
̵ͷһȰŴӡԽԽ⡣̲ס⺢ӽõ죬ÿԿҲи롣                        
лҪ˵~

41

ϰ, °ӡ
ƮƮ, Ц˵˵ý𣿡
̕Dϵðȫ, ˳СԴûӻ, 飺ȥţţ
ƮƮߵһ£̫
ϧƲԽԽĲ˲䣬촽һǡ
ţȥ̕DֱӣЦˡ
ƮƮҡͷ, ˮˣҪȥĹģϾÿ
ʲô棿, ʻҽԺ
˶
㣿ȥס, ץԼϡ
ƮƮԹ, е㲻˼, Сصˣ㻹Ҫϰࡣ
Ϣ·ߣֱҿ, ѵַңҪ󼸵㵽
ŵ㡣
̕Dףͣ³Ⱥ̵ơ
ƮƮ, Լ̲סʣţҿȥԡ
̕Ḑֱ˾䣺ʲôνһؼҾС
ɴ۾ʼ̡
̕DЦˣţһɱġ
ƮƮ߾ˣҲû˵ʲôĶˣûо֣ɸһͱץˡ̲ס͵͵ȥëó
ͦպ˧
һֱҡͷҲûؾ֪ڸʲô˵𿴣Լȴÿյȥ˼ҡ
ȻС˵ģ۾ˮģʮֹɣҲġ
ҲҪһֱҡССؿڣʲôˡ
̲סЦ̧һ¡
һ·ᣬʲôܳΪȤ
ͣó߽ӣ·ſʱֱӱ°ˣսǶӣһ¹šڵŮؼҵ̣ӵ˵绰
ƮƮ֨֨أСţ˵ԼҪӰ࣬ȥ
۵绰ھΣͷܾò̫á
ǲãʲôʱʽţ̕Dϣ§աоֿʼһţЦˣһֱôţ
š
á磬ȴһ㶼裬סСԴԼ§ýģһ϶
ƮƮק·ŵǣϵζ˵ÿ˶Լصζ˻Ϊ˴˵ζԡ
Ȼеɻŵˡһֶصģζܺţܡܡ
㡭͵͵ؿڣеơ
ȣоԼӣȵĺھ䣬һ㿪е᲻áӣ°ͣգ䣬
µģе㶶ˡϣվסˡ
Ķͷ§
ſѾˡ
͵͵Цţ̲סһ£ģģģеģ§Լ
Ρ
ͷڣүү㡣
ͷ
ɵˣˣź촽
ҡɤеƣҲǺѣһʱ֪ôӦ
Ѳ輸ϵˮ˹͵ߣе㾽Ц£˳ƺڣлл
ͷȹʣµˮŻرӣ§ʲôʱпգ
ק䣬Щ˸СС᲻ᡭ̫˵㰡
̕DһȻû뵽ô˵̧°ֱͣԼ㲻ǣ
ǡϽҡͷ֪ôӭĿ⣬ŽţҡǾе㡭̫ˡܶ£Ҷû׼
ʲô׼Ѿˣû˲֪һ𡣻Ҫô׼
ҡ˵ãоˣЩżңҲ֪ô˵ֻǾ̫ˡ㲻Ҫ˺òã
̕DͻȻԼֱо̥ûʼˬĻͱǾ䡰òáɢˡ
ˣȻ
ƮƮ˵׼ǲˣקק·ţһ
̕DۣĹ֪ŽĶʲôƢסЦˡ¶ͷ˵ʲôҪֱӸҡ
š
ĶĲãҲҪֱӸҹͨ
ܺá
ЦˣһСģ˵㻹˵졣
ǡ찡§еζȴԵĿɬ
ֻһ̣˾סڸڣ̧ͷͷļͥһӴҲܡ
ȥļҳⱳĺ̫ˡû뵽һһǸ˼Ļ֪Լô죬˵ô졣
һ£һˡ
غء
صᶼĵز                        
лҪ˵лл41418280Ͷףллң~

42

ƮƮǳ״̬
Ϊ˱⵼ٺCUT, ſյ, קסվһԹۿ̕D, Сȥ
Ҳܿ
һᱻӰġǲԾЦݶȻ, ỹҪģعˡʲô˵΢Ц֪ˡ
Ǹղ·ϣ֪컹дʱ͸оˡֹ
Ƚױ·ɢĲˬϢ͸ˡ
Զ·, ˶϶, Ҳ϶нذ
˵, Լ, Щ, ֣ػ£Ȼȥòã
̕Dܲס, ֲһЭˣ۵ݣл˵, ˡͷΪ֮ôȥ
Цˣ˾ĳһߡ
̕DͷһȦУʱԷȵˮˡ
֪ЦúڹڳʲôˣֻܻסС֣
ѣƮƮȫͶ뵽ȥˡ
ڻȥ·ϵ̕Dȴ˳˼
治ס
ޣԱ³Դܱòǫѷ̬ȡôһѾ̺üˡ
ðף·ĵطª𾪣ĹԱΧһĵݣġ
ȥüֱǵľŭ
֪ģعףۿȫ¡֫Ӵ·֮С£ܲôԴ
ˬάһ磬ֱϲμŵʱ΢תһ㡣
ӹǺӲʣɥżһ˴ŮǸ㣬˿ɲôŮûһҸġǸһֱСǸ黹ַ־ء
ôôʧܣÿͥۻᣬⲻ˵䡣
̕Dһ߳Բ˱ŽѵׯʫűϣĵĵСްһӲˣһģǰû˵˼
ǲˣб̕Dһ
š̕DȲ裬
Сӣ𣿲Ǹһ϶ѡǸƮƮûʲô˵¶
̕DüͻȻͷ
һͷˮҪƵĸоʲô˼
ʲô
Ҹæ
㷭ۣ˾̬Ȱ
̕Dתߣһ̬
ˡǣﻹˣúúãү˵˵Ұʲô
̕DһչƮƮ
ȣЦˣҵʲô¶ءô鷳ˣ
㡣̕D¶̬ȺȷҲί
ɵۣβҵԼ硭ҡͷүȦġ͵šǸϵͳҲ
һβ˸ˣûпɱԡҽԺ㣬Ϊ֮ǰˮǸƬκָ塣
һ棬ЦˣУҰչˡ˵꣬һ֣ôչǰŹأû˹
̕DƤ˳飬Ի·⣬˵żõġ
үЦ÷ǳǷᣬһ˳ע⡣ϽŹûû£λ
ûΣ
ԲҴˡԼĸһֻϴķݶ
Ӣ廰˵ɵˡ
ɵϵ˶ˣҲֲӡ
ִû¶λ
СӣҲϴСˣŮأ˵Ůǣ˵
ŮѶأʵĸׯʫЦز嵶ûаԥĳԼı硣
ʲôжأһüɲ񻰰
ûûУҵš
Ųţ룬˵ҲУץʱҸõġ㶼ˣ
ǣ˵ǡһװĳϿҡ
΢⣬˿DD˵Ůˣ
š
Ҳҽģ
ǡ
úúãʶһ£׼Ц÷ǳȰ
̕DֻôӦʱ䡣
ţʡˡ
Ӣ̲ס죺ʡģ
ʡ𣿡Ų嵶׼ŮҲ档
̲ס͵Цׯʫѧҵͱͱ̕Dؼ֮ǰȻҿɾ͵͵ȥԼˡ
̕D治Ӳ˵ҳʱ䡣
ϣ㣬ĵܵ衣
̕Dбһ˵˾䡰лˡ
üͷһ֣Ҳǹɶж֧ĳɱһ㵽ϵġ
̕Dջߣľܸһ
ĺӣǿͶʵ졣ʱʮˣҲ֪ʲôԭֱӰѸǮȫ˳ȥ
ξǴһ̽ģʮˣǶˡ
겥µӣҲĹʵ                        
лҪ˵ġʢĵĹʵʱӰĹ£ӵ⡷
˫
ŮǸԼϰİ漰һȦ
ƮƮ̕DĹ¸ӵ㣬رд
ƪ֮ͻῪԤ~

43

е, ַ붼һ𡣿ɴƮƮ濪ʼ, ȴһֵʱС
°, ̕Dȴŵ÷ǳ賿˯ŵʱ, °ࡣеʱڲߡ
ֻֻͨϵ顣ѾˣȻһҲû
ϳ緹Ĳɵġ
ԷͺúóԣҪܹſֻ̼˸ŵϸС첲ϸȵģ̲ס˵㿴ݵġ
šƮƮͷζ˵΢¼
̸оֵͦ, ̽Եطʣڵҽǲìˣ
̧ͷдš¡֡
ģ, ̾ǲǷˣ
ûаΪʲôô˵
û𣿡
, Ƚæ, ûѡƮƮ˿ڶ, ̫̣СǺɤӣȿȿȵᶼˡ
, ʲô
òײȣҵԼ˵ûŰ
̳һ, ûסίԼҪǲʾͲҪһˡ֪𣿡

߳˵ǸҽǮģȫҶر˲ˡǸ˼ò̫ԶˣԺӲùͷĳȰš
ƮƮ¿ӣס̵֣еŽ֪ΪҺáǣҾϲ
סû뵽ô˵Σ︴ӵúܡ
СƮƮĳˣǸС˵ģͰ͵СӤѾȫ˸ˡҲϲˡ
̾Ҫײǽ𣿡
̡ƮƮرã֪ˡȻԶδԸ̲ϲ
ͬˣˣ̲á
ǲŸտʼƮƮ˵֣۾ģ
һҾ֪ı飬ŽϺɿڣʲôʱҳˣټаһ٣εɤӣüС˵ŮҪԼ֪ɣ
ƮƮΡ
̺ף˵øֱˣģǾԲģ֪ԿĶŮӡ
ƮƮ̣еعػ£ص˵ͷ
⣬Ǿøղ˵ֱ̫ӣҲ̵ȻģҪԼ𣿡
š
꣬ͣƮƮûڣ΢žˡ
̕D
ƮƮڳԡ
̕DٳԵʮӺſڼô
ƮƮ̻ظԡĶֱ꣬ȥʰüɫ裬Ҵææһ֪ô¡
̾ϢװûŮ
ƮƮȻ֪§˼򵥸˱ȥϰࡣ
һţѾվڹˡһֲֻ㶵һֻŸİԼ
첻Ϣ𣿡СܹȥǰվϿһ仨˧ɫʽ
̕Dſ˫ۣ§һ߽ʹлҪһ߲ա
һһ漴ɿס֣ǣŮ߳ӡ
ûԷɣ
ˡ򿪳ţȥ
ʻϳţȻħƵģӹİóһֽ
ȳԡֽݸ
ӹȥһǸװΣһȡ
ģϲ۾ġ
Цһ£ԭϵȫ˲⣬ֽ߷ŵһߣס첲ֱ֫Խп֣˱˹ŵϡ
§бĴϣʲộֿʼ١ԼˣκҲԼˣáȡ
Ҳȡü
û׼ҧס촽ʼ
飬ѣţࡣѾ˲û᲻͸ǰĲ￴Ҳ˲ŤƣĹŤ˵û취˼ÿϸȫ¶ȣζ
Σ׳֮ǰɿ˻ˡ
֪ˡ佱
Ժءţһ֪Цˣɬۡ
̲סһº촽Űͻλϵðȫεݹȥ·
ʵѾôˣɻ·ϳΡ̵ģȵҽԺͣ˻ڶЦ
ЦˡЦֱӹջȥˡ
ŶϴӦúãȴû
εЦˣչȥ£С³
Ϊ˵ĺô֮һǣԹҽԺù˼κζ̕DǣƮƮ֣׼͵ƣȻֱȥ¥ᡣ
ϧû߶ԶͷһϤĺ
̕D
һͷʱ̕Düͷ¡ͣķ߹Ա߻ŵģ衪Ӣ

44

ƮƮôҲû뵽ֺ׼, ѵ衣
ý, Ķ, ֣ɶˡ˴һֱŤ״̬, εúܡ̕D˴֮òغš̺á
ȵҪݣҲÿ˵ʱ̬̕Dǳ񡣵Цţ˵ϸģͿˣƯһֱ, 쵹ˡ
ƮƮòЦţԥǸûءллǻصʲô
һԵ̕DֱӿʵҽԺ£
ӢһĸģС, Ц˵ûʲô, ̳Է, θе㲻, ⲻǱ顣գԵĽ㡣
վһ, ѵ¶Цʾ⡣
ƮƮηúܣһֱһѧʦĹģ㵹ýġ
˵һ̕D˵
ӢοЦ, û¶Լ֪ǣʱһԸ
ҿỹҲæɡ̕DֱӾܾˡ
ƮƮֻһ΢Ц
УæӢ¶һӵı飬۵Ҫ壬ݽ֪ƮƮҲǰ
ǣлл̡ƮƮɵӦţź̕Dһλ
˳ţֻԼĺ󱳶ˣȰĿ˵ġ
ҶˡСڣ̧˻ŵ֣
̕DЦˣôŸʲô
̫ͻȻˡ׼£˭ŵİɣҸоǻڿҡ
ţȷʵڿ̕Dͷĸס
ӢûЦȷʵڿǡӻͷҲûй¶Цޱؿš
̕Dĸ׵ı湦ȣתͷȥƮƮһŵģ̲סСԴû¶ϲ㡣
ģ
šϲģϲſġ
ƮƮеˣЦЦԼղŵı֣̾ӦȻһġ
ȻҲܿɰ˵ţǰߣ·˲ʱͶĴĿ⡣
ƮƮڸղŵоļˣƺҲûеôֲ
ֻˣǲǾζŹϵҲˡ˼ţüĲԾ
̕Dˣôǣ
ҡҡͷЦ˵оС
̕Dü
ŷŵãһԲǲ˵Ӣǲ˵
һף˺ü̲̾סˣʲôģ
ҲĵطˡӢղŸӣҲϷ͵ģһҾͲ⡣ͷ¶棬§§ġУ֪ʲô𣿡

ӢԼϴ𰸣Ϣ˵ֻһ̣˶ˡҲ̫ˡ׼ͥҶԸ⣬ֵˡ
Ӳǵ׼ͥģÿظ˵ʶۡ
ӢҶҸͥİԭͥҸӾȱʧ
ûлӣŴš
Ӣǿ˻ϻӣ̕DСȱĸȱټͥůϣиͥõĹչƮƮǻУ˭֪ǲǽȫ
Щ˼ҹû⡣
Ͽ϶ûⰡ϶ȱٰȱĺһò˵ġղſûҶǵУøʲôƵģһܳһϲ˼Ҷࡣ
ˣ˼ǣһʱʱ̺̿ģ
ɡ
Ƴһۣ˵ڸ衣ֲöҪˣӶõ׬ǮͷȥˡǳСӵƢȱģ
Ӣʲôԣֱ׳ģƮƮҲ⡣
ЦˣⲻҪȻ⡣
ǲǣӢԼ㡣
СΪǵëʲôʱܸˣ̨ףΧקСѵ⣺ϲ˭Լ¶һӲ飬߰һͷţҲֻнܵķݶ
Ӣʲôţ
øƮƮ̲ס˵䣬۹ǿ˼ҹڹѧģʲô˵ġûѧҵ궼һͷ¶ִˣˣݶžÿӸϷȥ
㣡Ӣۡ
Ŵ߽
ӢϽϣԹš㵽ǲ׽㡱ʵҲе㷸ֹ
Сʱ̼ңȻֻĩӵȨĸӸ鲢衣
Զټ֮֮û׹ĸûô˵ˡȷе˵⺢ж˸ԹסһֱСġ
⼸꺢ӳ˺ܶ࣬ĸ׵Ҳ˲٣Щݡĸӹϵ

Ӣ̾ȷʵұֻ̫ŶĿġ

45

̕DҪ, Ԥ賿ƮƮ°, Լŵ˼ҡ
һ߳ŷ, һ߷΢ŸѾȫҡҪ󡣺һ·һԾشġ
̸ĺܿ, ̽Ѳ˳һ㣬ͦζġ
̵ŮɵЦȻɵҲǿĵġ˭ϣԼĺӿء
ܺã̸ҪװʲôӵĿյ
ƮƮһ¾ǿֻ΢ţûϢҲᷢ΢ŸԼؼ, е֡
ڱ𣿡
ȥ˰ΣҲûյظ
еƣܻ˯ϴ, , ֮, ûյšͨʱ, ѵģҴ᲻Ϣ
е㵣ģر𱳰, ſڡ
ɵţһҲûӦ׼绰ʱ, Ժڴ˽Ų
ŵ
ű򿪣˯վſڣͷģһǸձѵӡ
ԲԲûϢ¡εؿȥˡۣۿﶼǺѪ˿˿ҲЩ㲡
̕Dû˵ֱֽסİڡ
ţ
ƮƮоӶԼϣ񵽲ͬȶҲͬϢҲ̡֪룬ֲԾ
㷢ˡƿȥͷ
ۿ¶ĨЦ˽ݡ
ٶȣۣס֣Լߣ˰ɳϣһóҩ𣿡
գû¡ۣ˵еѣɤҲЩơ
ؿƵģ˵ھΣԼȾ
ʲôءˣͷûϢöѡ
ǲ˵ֻǿ
̕Dֱӱգû£ġ
ֱסͷĲ§ýģ˵
ͷЦһзӦġ
һ漴ַš
ͷƼͮͮĶ̲סһ£ŵһˣԼһռ䡣
˺һڻʣϾͲ𣿡

̧ͷÿα˵˾Ͳˣ㶼ҡ
ۣĿߣ˵ĸоİܺá
ȥüۣдС૵˵ҪҹǲǶ˵ˣ
ˡ§ػû¡ԼĹػͰ⣬׻Ĺ
̧ۿ±ϰҪٵˡ
˳߿ȥ룬ͻȻ˵չ㡣
˵
ȥ١ûվֱͱס֪˵ʲôָ촽ϣ㡣ʱҴҼ棬ҴҳԸú˵ʱ䶼ûС
ٻֻصߣؿڣûԷɣҸ֮࣬˯òã
̕DͷЦģȥȻֿҪ˵˧
ϤɻǺϲһͷǰ⣬һ䡰ҡ֮󣬰ȥˡ
Ĵ߲;߷ǳȫԺҵҪõʳģտһۣһֱɳϿԼܷɡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻе㲻˼ЦЦŤͷɻ
̕Dⰲؿ˺ôһ治ôСܻܶ࣬ڲ¶ּɰСģЦ
Ϊʲôôϲ
ʱҲᱻԼȵԼȻôԶôƶǰ˵ֵһ۾֪ŵĻóϸһ£ǵһ۾;òһ
رǿҵĳ嶯ǰûй
ȵˮ࣬űˮҪιԼӹȥˡ
ˮʵ¼أ
֮ǰáˮŵ輸ϣͷԽԽھΡ񡭡ûȥʲôõطӰû仰ٷͰƭˡ
ôˣССԼòڡ
Цҡҡͷ˱ϣգ˵ĸܡΣʲôȥĵطô
ôͻȻ
֮֮ġ
룬ҡҡͷûСѧҵ׬ǮϾֶ͸ûйȥЩˡ
̕DףԤƵĲ࣬ЩطܴȥġʱǸ⡣תҲæ
ͻȻؿڣر˵Ķȥ
Ǹʱ䣬һĺáʲôʲô˵ôţҲʲôҪá
̕DЦˣԼ
㱼ǵã׸ĸ׳ܵһ㣬Ϊÿ飬ʲôָϡ
ǵóȥġ˵ţɵɳҲѹԼϣȦö
оź󱳰ŶѣҶ
ԹԵſţȴһ㶼ԣоˡTŸԼȫͬӲȣʵɲ
ŵʱ򻹺ãһŷ̫ˡ
£
͵͵ءšһﲻ
Цˣ¾ͶˣȷʵеĻ졣Ϊ岻˼룬ɱŵϣֻ֮еһ·ϰʱֻʣԭʼĳ嶯ˡ
зӦУ
ִıϻ䣬ĦšеԾŤִĳ·ʱĸоûˣʼ顣顣
ֺ̣קסǰ·ŵҺ
ÿŲһ磬ľ͸ų鶯һ¡쵽ǰʱӹ෢е컡
͵֧ҵزͷȥػ𡭡Ƶģ˱ζ
˷ȣҲˣͨСջ֡ʱԣҲΪԼˣϲ¸ûšǰ˻ס촽
˺һȹʵ̫֮ɿ
ƮƮκȥС𣬽࣬ƽʡ
о߻ԼϣͷдЩԹβסۡ
̕DЦˣе㻵ģܲһЦûĻŻŵģĪĽš
߲ǿˣšС಻ÿǲӦҲûʲôθڡ
̕DһڣЦˣ˸Ĵָ˼ζ
ءšһס֣֪ڶԼˡһ㡣
̕Dס֣ͻȻͽһ
ֲ鿴ƱԵһˡ
û¡һ࣬ЦŽ͡
̕DĬٻ˱˸ࡣ
ĲҪС˵šöƽʱôĴģҵĳϤҶеš
͵͵ءšһַŵϱ
ĴͻȻʱ˵ţҲôġϸ档
ôõˣΪʲôϲԼأţ϶ҸЦ
̕Dһ̧ͷ۾Ц
š
Ժע
š
۾ģƯֿɰûޣЦˡ
ӱŲ֣ذ˻ȥҡͷ
ᡰߡһͷ
ϣүү̳Զٷ

46

񡢽ϣ
š
㻹ڷ
Ӧûʲôˡ̕Dջ, ˿, Ǻô
ƮƮԥ, ָʶؿűĿе˸
Ƴ۱, ɿָԹԱﵭ˵ֻǳԸʶһ£̫ࡣ
ûڹʲôǾ̫ٶˡܾԼɣΪϲ˾ͳʧ˵ʵͦ۵á֮࣬Ҳ뷨, ôһС
ᣬǰչǲܵġ̫ż, Ҳвִͨ粻Ǻܺ
ƮƮһȦ, Ҳûҵκξܾɡһ, ֿʼζˡ
̫, ̫ż֮Ļ˵ǽڣҲǽڡ˵, ԣûʶԼʲô֮ǰѾˡ
Ц, ź֪еţôģ־áҲʲô¡ͳԸ
ȥš̕Dȷʵܸˣһоˡܿϵүү̣ز࣬Ƶغڣ
ҪҡԴڻܰŲЩúҪôðɡ
̕DЦˣٷӡ

֮࣬̕DҡһڿԻҪһ𲹾
ƮƮһ£ӲĺƭֻܹԹԵĳ䵱§Լ˯
ϡζ
ϣǡܺţ˵е졣
汧ţ̧ĺᣬðĺ磬ȥղŲˡ
ܵĽëģʣʲôأ
ûʲô͵͵һЦļѡ
ס֣Լ󣬵͵͵˾䣺§š
Ц࣬Сһ§סĵŲŲ˼¡ıÿǴҽ˵ʱ֪ˡôţаȫС
Сᶯ˶໳Դ¥øˡ
ĥܡ
еȡС˵ѺȣҲ̡еҪ
ӣõˣ
šܴ룬治Ҫҩ𣿳ԸҲаɡ
ã˵ȣûб֢״
Ŷ
ҽﺬЦ
ҲЦˣۣİ˻÷κµĸо
һʼϵ£ֻ׼Ҷ𣿡
û⡣
㶫Լ̫ûгˡҶģﶼˡ
֪ڵʲôã绰ﶣˣô
ƮƮĥһСүү̡װɣλ˶ǽֵ̿ҲƮŸִţ뵽ҪˣСͨͨġ
̕Düͷһشúġ
ʲôش𣬸ое⡣
ˣİɣǿ϶ϲ㡣
֪˵ʲôͷһˣڣӦòʲôġ
ӵţߡ
ʱ֣ȥ̕DŮǰ̼ҡ
̼ڳͳһİɫС¥뼫ϸ
ƮƮڳһ졣κڽ촩̫ˣҪؼһ·ģֲ֪ô̽͡
̕DγԿףüͷţ˼ģ֪ھ·¡С°һ³ˡ
̼ҶѾſڣһǣƽղЦүүЦˡ
ƮƮеĹǺͲڼλ˵һ˲ɢ˸롣
Ļϲһкˮһ䲻䣬ڲ裬ֶ˵ҪȶˣӰθڳ
үүȻûô˵ҲһֱͷβǴȰ
ƮƮͻȻִǼԼүү̡Уů
̕Dүүˮ̲꺮ůӣеЦֵ̫ˣŵƵġ
ҲϲԹԵţЦüģ˵ϸһ֪ǸĹ޹ԡ
˰ɣתǱȽࡣҽԺ¡
Ѿеϰˡ
Ժڿƻƣ
ڿơ
ЦŵͷŻʲôʡ⺢ӡǲúãҲߣǳڰ׷̹̹ܸɾһˡϲ
һϲ̻Ͷˣ£ʦ˭ѧҵչĶˣдʲôƮƮһһǲͣصͷ϶ж˺һˣ󻹷ŻԺʲôģүү̡
ƮƮܳϵλ˵л
үүҲסصͷԱߵĴһ
̕Dյүү۾͵͵
ϣлҳ⡣ƮƮļʳ̸̕DʳŹյʳȫ⣬滮
̶̼ʮ꣬һգ۾͹ȥ˰̸̾šŴӺδϱǿµϣĻ֮ǰĹԣҲһζ
үүγָоˣóˡ
úöġΣ˶˵ôһ䡣
̕D֣صӦǣƮƮ
ƮƮɬЦţĿһ˻е㲻˼Ҳе˵Ļš
ٽǰ̕Dүүק¥ȥϡ
صذһԣס˵ĻܾûDDôˡְ֮⺢ӾͲ̫һˡʲô˵Ӳģ㡭ൣһ
ƮƮס̣͵ͷ뵽ͯ꣬Ƶġ
úúãúӡ̺ο룬˵˼ѵĻDDƢʱˡ۶ãܶˡ
ǣرá
ЦҲһ͵̰ġ
ƮƮһ͵ͷ֪ôģе㼱
ʲôȰͷЦ̺ϲ㣬ô˵Ƕ㲻⣬һ˽ģϵԸܺúöġԺúȥ𣿡
ãס

׵ġ
ȥ·ϣƮƮ̵ĶʡΪףĺܳءθķԽԽˡ
ݲȥӱܣҲӱˡ
źƣרĿĽ⿪ȫһ̽͵ա
͵͵ʧЦ䣬΢ȵλá
񣬺ɢĿ֣İš
ҡ̸̸

47

Ӱȵͣӿ֮, ʽʼ̸̸
˵ɡ⿪ȫ, 
ƮƮ, ôһ˲Ļ㱡ͻȻһμʱʵġЦһ, ֣סԼʣϲң𣿡

ӣһЦ
ƮƮģ㲻ҪЦ
á̕DӦţȴЦ£Ҫ̸ģ
ǡҡͷ, ͼñһЩϧôɹ, Ǻ, 𣿡
š
롭棿
ǡ

ô˵ˣα, һֻ, ̬ɣ⣬ȴޱ档
ƮƮСֱͻͻ, Ҳ֪ǱĻŪãҲ֪˵ʲô
Ц, գ˵Ҫ̸̸ôôֲ֪˵ʲôˣ
ۣЩɬЦΪʲôôȷ
ȷϲ㣿飿껰һӣежеãЦǰΪʲôأ
һԼһְϡҲˡ׵촽ģµؿ
ͷŻش𣺡о

ˡ˵꣬е飬ɤӣ˸˵ǣǾöԡ
ԣ
šվڳľֱӻĳ㣬ʱֻһͷǾӵ׵ӵ
ƮƮס֣жҲЩİͣ˵
š
˵һôȷĻ㡭᲻
̕DСЦˣô
ҡͷ
ȦڻŶͷôܸ˵ףûȿڣ˵ˡ
Һϲġ͵͵˵ɬɬġеСίָоֿġ
֪
ʲôأ±Ͳȫͬ˵㲻ҲûУǼٻҲڵĵزֻ˵ûû׷¹ǡ
ˣ֪Ҽҵ״𣿡ͷ˽ŵ˫֣ʳ¡мĸףǸүү̳Էмûиܵļ˶Ĳ
֪û˵˿ԲںЩ
ʲôôţֱ⡣ûүү˵ΪҪʵӼпܻȥ
ѵ¡Ƶز䣬ûһ̱ڸϣԼһļͥ
̾ѣ˵ˡ
̧ͷ۾ЩţЩļģ
š§۾Ƽ¼ˡϴαЩŵĽڣΪȥӽ˵ѣͬΪ׷
еȴڡ
ǲں𣿡Ĳںδзգ
ҲǸ˵ЩҪôҲںҲںǷգʲô£ǾͲҪˡЩ֪𣿡§Żˣ壬ʲôʵû˭ܴ޳ٿ¸ҵػÿһ졣
ԼţԲģ˵һ䣺ǰġ
һ̻ᷢʲôû֪
Ҫ¡˵꣬ͷۿĵغˣǳ̲סס촽ڵ档
ⳤһǣЧܺá
ƮƮԺؿǰˣܵϣקףζԼ˵Ҫ¡
ϲķǳϲ
Ҫ𣿡嶯Ŀڡ
ڣ
š
û׼
вҶ׼ļ񣬸ûͳȥ
ȷ̻û˯ʮˡ
ţһ㶼һؼ˯˵ţͻȻЦˡ
ôˣ
ҡͷЦЦÿɿɰΪ֣ȻҲ
գҲεˣ绰ǰ֪ͨһ
ƮƮọֻ́ŻظҪ˻档
ڵ绰ĬһȻӦˡûɣҲû˵̫˲дˡ
ǣڳԵʮ֮ҵĴš
ѵʱ򣬻ǺġŮҲҸ֪ˡӭţˮͲˮѾ׼ˡ
СݣС輸ΧһȦ˵Ż
̕DóѣǽصǳСûˮ̱ݣ⡣һģϵ˷
̱ͲǿƵˣ̕Dǲ䲻˼ҡ⺢ô̹ϣδ滮ôʲô˵ءֻʣ¸ˡ
Цöϲ£ˣãúӡԺ㳣ԷóԵĸǡϲʲô˰
УҲʳ
ƮƮһԿЦʱ̲ŸոСʱжʳ
̕D֪Цʲô̲ע⣬һζ
Цøˡϸ룬ûзʲôͷҸ΢Цֹֹס
ûôһ죬û뵽ôҸ
ЦЦţͻȻеޡ
ͷһξãүҲͦġ

48

ů㡣
ԺﵷԼֵĲ, æòֺƮƮһõİ, 
ǰ, ҡҡ׹ǽƤһܳȻ׷䡣
̕Dʱ俪˺ģʽ, һпվű֡ʰһ»ϼݡ춢ǽƤ˺ܾã˾䡰ˢᡱˡ
Դʱ˿̣ڵط
̕D÷ǳ׼ʱĸˡ
һ֪ͣҪ޲ǽžͲǸС̡
µģһŪ𣿡
ԡ
Ǿͺá˿Ū, ûط˯ˡ
̕D˼ЦŪҲ˯Ҫζ
ɵ, ˵ζ𣿡
ûζҲ˯
ô죿ȫû뵽
̕DԤı, ˯Ǳ߶
̫áգգ۾, Щ߾, Ժ̣е㷸
Ķãڣһܸʲô
ҲǸ˼, Ǿе㡭Ť
̕DͷķҶ⡣
ƮƮ, Ĵңһ߳ݸ̽
һĪ˰죬ҲԺظŵͷ
ǣڹǽܹĵʩ깤һ֮ƮƮȥ̕Dĵ̡
Ϊ˾֮꣬³ĵˣƮƮļζζȻȲϴ⣬ԵЦ˻׵ױշˡ
˯ʱ䣬Ϊͷڶ¥ǵ̵ȽţóԼһ¥ңһ׸ɸɾĴƷ˯
Ѳã޲ڣֱԼŮ˵⺢ˡ
š
úö˼ҡ
Ŷ
ȥɣ㲻˵Ҫдʲô
ġ
š̵ͷŮҪߣͻȻסرСض˯Ҫ̫֪𣿡
֪
ƮƮ߳ңϷš
һ̧۾Ϳڳ̨ϣűˮԼü۴Цɫɡ
̵߹ȥھһԶĵطͣػɫͬɡ
±ӣſֱۡ
붯Ц
һѽקͷԵҧգڶߵƤǲǣ
ҡͷļϣЦš춼ûкúñææȥҲࡣ
ӵţʱǡ
ϱʼǱҹͻȻôһ䣬ɿ
ԣȴǹԹԵ
鷿ûúÿţͼ˸ӹʾ
ĲСҲˣ򿪵ԣĵһʦɡ
ƮƮϽ̡ܽ
ǣ̕D˽һСʱôдģԼѰõݡ󣬻̸ְҵ滮
ٴҽȻҪȥСǳֱӵر۵㡣
ܴġʵҲ󣬶δ·ûáٴ·ߣǼ߿е·ߡ
Ŀǰٴҽı׼Ϳǰ󶨵ģе˱׼ַǳ壬Ūúܶ˲ر졣ϾٴһóУÿвһٴǿһˡ
̕DȻ֪ʲôԴ͸Щ߲Ҳĵ¡ֻһĿġ
ʲôĿģ
ΪߺԼĿǰٴ⡣˵꣬˼ЦŽͣǵԶΣڻڼѷжߵʱܸһ𰸡˭֪£ȥУԶ֪
صͷΪȻ
ԣھ͵ƶĿꡣΪٴҽҪƶս·ߣԼݿ⣬һһ֪𣿡
šӦһ˼ƮеԶ
Ϊ֮󣬼ôһ㡣Ϥˣ˵ζԺԣȻȻشˡ
̕DЦôҡ

Ȼȥˡ
顭塣Ĳ塣׹ˡǵģôֳǸˡ
̕Dֻ˵ôһ죬ɼûסһѽ˱ϣͷ
ΪʲôϲôŰ͵͵ţġ
ЦЩֻᣬ΢˸ƣˡ˽ԭأ̵Ҫ۾ˮ
ġ§ڶߵзִ硣
ԹԵءš
ʵóС˵ҲԵġ
˵ֿ꣬ʼߣļѣҿ̺ġֱͷϴЦŸҲĵЦˡ
첻Уڣ̫ˡĲЩ飬˵һˡ
ϧ§̫ûŲһ硣ǵģ˭˵ǵýˡ
ֵ͵͵Цֱ絽Ĳϣ飬
Ҹȥ˯ˡƳǽϵı૵˵
š
ſҰ
áԽԽ
Цˣͷһ£ʵҲ᲻뿪
ԣֱ˺ôһ
Ҫ̧Ƥ֮ǰ뿪鷿
վſڸֻͻȻˣʾ̡һݣֱԾ

49

ƮƮڿɳ, 鲻ضֻ, ʶҧָ
үүͻĹ, ̕DѾȥҽԺˡһû, úڼ̡
Ȼˣɸû취ס
ǵһֱӣүүа˯⡣
ҷϢҲû˼ȥ£ֻܵţÿһӶǼ尾
ȥүүûȻô죬һͷ, ʲôӰһ
Թİ٣ԼܿѻҪĥˡ
ǽϵʱӵδţΪκͣȵɫ׵ʱ, һ΢š
[, ġ]
Ϣ, ˺ܾ, ۿʪĪ˸ˡڴֿɾɾֻظĸ֡
[ע]
ɫ͸, ƮƮ򵥽һ
һ꣬緹ûԼ, ߶ȥ̽үү
Ϊ̽ҪȥһǰҽԺȵư˰øҽ֮Ҵȥ˼ơ
˽˲ķţķӭ˽
ɳϺ࣬ȥȶһʾȥ
ƮƮԹѯʣүүôˣ
ȼʱûʲô¶ˡõġƮƮ֣ȰԷ𣿺ȵࣿ
ҳԹˣԡ˵ţӰóһʳƷǸղʳСΣ⻹ıڿȡ̕D˵λ˰С
οЦˣԴܸӵؼһСŽ
ƮƮҲЦЦֻ̺һķķ䣬ƣ̕Dأ
̸ȥˣҲˡ̻û£žͱƿˡ
̕Dһ鵥ƮƮһ˲䣬Щ㶣漴㳶ǣڶ˵û¡
߽³ĺ磬ĺѪ˿ˡĿţܶ໰˵еĹذѯүүϸڡ
̕Dһһֻһ¡ﱣķͨȳʶ
ϰࣿ￴۱ʱѾˡ
ˡţղ̵ʱѾҽ˼١
̕Dͷһƣ뱧һ£̺ͱķڣֻգؿһۣתԼ˵극ǻؼϢȥһ£
СС׷ֻһ䣬һǿƵǿ̫Զˣڡ
С̕DףŷԸķ˾ȥ׼һЩϴ
˵꣬Ҳˣһ򿪣£ûԣԹˣ
š಻ȤֱӰѴκͺڿóɡ
̕Dȣ컹ûסŽӹȡ
̿һĻЦˡӺãǾͺáƳ۲ϵϰ飬̲ס߶ǸӲͷⱲûͦĿȲˣһ
̼˶ϡȴ¡
һõϢĸλͽܣ׷µµ磬̽̽
̕DһֶҽԶ붼ſοһ£֪Ȥظˡ
˵ݿڣ׼ȥתͿ϶á
ճһõϢʹӢˡ
ѯʲ֢Ӣһţʻˮ˳أһ˿
̕Dһһ˵꣬Լĸף˼ȷҲˣ
ӢҲԣʱˣҲ
ǣҪ͹ͨϵĸһȥ˲
̸׼ȥ˯Ƽϲͽܸĵһţһʱ֮䣬ЩûӦ
Ӣ߰ûλǰˣλԼûйһ˿ЦˣѾģͷףҲЩˣΨһǸ׺˫ʲôܿ͸۾
Ӣȿڣ֪ôƺа費ܣ尢Ҳʣֻʡԡ
ǻعµصͷߺܿŲϡȻؽӹ磬ǰѯŰο
ƮƮһĬĬţϱ
Ҳûն룬ӢĿܿ䵽ˣǾȣ֮󣬳Цһ¡
ƮƮ΢ЦӦоеΣԾس̕Dȥ
̕DźʻˮһյŮѵźţͳ˹ȥ
ӢȻ˻׼ҲԼԵ̫ѿղѾ֪˵Ĳ顣Ȼû˵ҶΡ
̕DʮϣͬĻ˵һ顣ŵˮһɳϸ̸̽Ĵ̣һԼĸס
ۿ̽ôҲԼλûУǣġ
ӢĲ˳΢õһЩ⡣֪ǶӸӣȻ˺ŵĽɫƮƮ꺮ůһϵһߺӡ
ԶۣƮƮҪݼˡ
ƮƮ޲ô裬ôŵػش⡣
⣬һɾȥԼ̡
쵽ˣղķ΢Ȱæһ£˵ӦҲ쵽¥ˣ֪ΪʲôûϢ
صţͻȻ
űƿһ죬һСʿسͺأ𣿡
ôˣ̕Dſߡ
Сʿһ߲һ߼ˣ˷裡

50

ӢͷӸСʿ˵, ͻȻо߹һ硣
һ, ƮƮҴҵطɱ˳ȥ, ӾȻҲŴš
ƵȥѯʻѰεСʿûȿ, ̺Ѿˡ

СʿһΣǰ֪꣬üͷ𣬻û˵̾ѾһСʿܲԼŲӳȥ鿴ˡ
϶öԶ񣬿첽ϡ
ȹսǴϣΧȺһȦһȦ
ƮƮȺ, ڿ̵һ˲䣬Щ赹
̱˸ıڵϣ岻, 񰧺šɱˣɱˣ, , ģ, ˿úë
ƮƮ˹ȥ̵ؽţͼǡ
̕Dһϵ, һ״ȷ֣ԼǰסһӶ˫, ҪƮƮʱȴһȡ˫֣˰ڵϣƮƮǰƮƮĸ첲Ǻݺݵһڡ
ȣƮƮһֱߣӣ⻬С۳ΪѵĹĿꡣҧţߺޣȻŮˡ
ɿڣ̕Dǳ⡣
̳ţҧתȥ̕DʹݾͻȻסűӺͺ󾱶ܵҹ˲ʹȥ
̕ḎѪȾݣƮƮĸ첲ɫࡣ𴦵İϸۣѪģ˿һԱȣʵ̫Ŀġ
ƮƮµؿ̱һԵҽ֣оԼӵϲ
˵ʲôǺΧȺʲôҲˡʧһǰߡ
ţ̣Ҳ衣Ƕ˵ʲôԴ죬ȫû취ӦֱֱϴʹŷӦǻ˲
˿ڡ
˳߿ȥֲͦġѪģƤֲⷭҪҩ
̕DһԲ˿ڣԡȡƵ˫־Ȼ΢΢Ҳ졣
ҽȥͷһ룬˲䱻ġ
ٴ侲ԼٶȶֲҲſʼ˿ڴ롣
ݷϣȫԺҲڶġ
ડ
һˮ䵽ֱĸһŲȥȴһᣬŻ̧ͷ
Ŀԣˮ϶˱ţ¶һ־һУֺص˵һμʱʱɣʧøɸɾ
ѹ
ѹ֪ôοĵزֻнرסǵطĳۣõһ㻺⡣
ûô۹˭ûС
ƮƮļѣšûлҪ˵ֻᡣ
֪˶ãҲ֪Լ˶áֱڵ˵ǲָ
ţղЩʧϵĻ棬ȫӿÿһ䶼ں
̣ô£̣
裺̣ʲô𣿡
̣˵زأ
裺̣⡭Ҫɣ
̣DDȰ˿ڣٸҽ͡
裺Ǿ𣿡
Χˣ
ӰǣôأⶼҪ˰ɣ
ǰ̫ˣ
ƮƮ̰
̕D⣬ԺʿҲأ
ֹӢûУ
찡ⶼʲô¶Ŵʺܸߵģ
ɲ˵ƮƮҲ̫
ļٵģ
İ˭֪᲻Ҳô谡
̫ˣ

ƮƮ̧ͷǰˣɬɬأƵ˵һ㡱֣žʲôҲʲˡ
ʲôأ
Ϊʲô˵ѣΪʲôƭң
ģҲԼġ
ԭΪɺԵۿѾˮˣɵ׻ǻ͹ԼôĵǺۣᾹȻȻˡ
ԣûи߼еǵһзӦӡ֤һ㡣̵𾪣ţԼȫ̷񶨣
Թûʸġ
еģֻѹ
أ
̕DղŪ˵ͷش𣺡򶨣
ƮƮͷȣóֻ΢űлͱǸܿõһůĵĻظ
[һжõġ]
̾Цֻ
𣿡
š
ɳȴס
˶ţŨҽ֯һ
֪ڵԼ۾ۺѹ֮⣬
̲סصΪԼĺڷĴӡһǡĺϲϲ֪˵˻ѣҲĿ
ֱƿĸ첲üСּҪһ͡
㲻˵Ǿ˵ɡ

51

ӢʱƳһ۳Ĭ, ˼Ÿô
ֱԼͬ, ǰųͷͲ, ֻʣһ̼ңͬƮƮšֲ, ˭̯϶ǿЦġ
ĥţƮƮԼˣһĶӡ
ӢʱֱۣӣһǲͷĵС
º͵ƮƮɳϣ˿Ѿϣסһֻõ֣ʣȶˣ
ǡ
̵ͷ, һĺӣͷһβ֪˵ʲô
ƮƮλؿڣ̾, ҰְҲ, ҡҲкܴĻʡ
˵, λϹ, Բûû˵ΪǶ֪̕D廰, °ɳԼ̣ɫ֣ص˵û˵, Ϊںʸ֮ǰһֱԲҡ
̿һӣ˺ôһû˱˽⺢ӣںǲںϲϲ̾һߵƮƮ
ôõĺӡĺӡ
̲ס̾תӣʲô취ֻܳͷ
Ҳͬ⣡һֱԱ߿ŵӢ顣ֱԼ۾ʲôͬˣ
û
̕D۲ϵүүѣСҽԺ
ӢߣҲûɤţٴαԼ̬ȣ̸㣬˭һ㣡鲻У붼Ҫ룡
̕Dۣӻ磬ɫûʲô仯
ӢģŭģȦˣҸģô죿ҪǷˣŴһô죿ûУ
̕Dһ߶ڵϣƽһ£СʱҰ죬һΣ𣿡
ӢֻԴ¡һ£Щվȡ
̕D˵ᣬϲϲΪֲãѡʼڡ˵±ӣǻѡͬһˡ
ӢѣۿἸ
Ѿȷֺ֪ܲˣɻǻѡΪʲôҪΪһܣͷҰˣţһһ䶼Լĸϡ
ĸǶŰǰ֤ߡһ飬һԡʲôʱԭٻĸףҹ͵͵Ÿ׵Ƭʹ޵ʱɡ׹֮ĸ׵ĵڶλҲʵˡ
㡭Ӣʵڲʧֹ̬סѾڱԵˣ衭ֻҸְչ㣬Ҹ
ҺҸ̧ͷĸף߹ȥӲرסļ򣬡ѾҸˡ
Ӣüϲ⻰ܶûܹӵӵˣǻѹ޴й˺ôһƿӣ۾ٴα̬ȣΣҶͬġ
֪Ҳûָ
Ӣ֪˵ͨˣתƮƮƮƮⰢ̵ģ𣿡
ǡ
Ҫùˡ̕DƮƮߣǶĸ˵ģ۾ȴŮϡ
㲻ҪԹ̣òãӢ£˭һλΪ˶Ӳĵĸס
ƮƮۿԾصͷôܻԹκأ˭ģοļͥ
úӣǺúӡӢᣬǰƮƮһ˵
̕DֵסˣҪҵ棬ҷ֣
ӢüȷʵôġѾ˺ˣľֹҲƤ֪˵ġ˵Ϊʲôܻһͷ˵
͵ˣ𣿡ӢţѱĽˡ
̕Dͷۣ뿪ڡ
˵ˣֹûУ
Ӣסһͨ죬˲ֻصϱʱѵӡԾؽӣˡ
ص̾һԭǲٸӢ˵һ仰ģѪѶϣ̕D׻Ķӡ
˳Ĭһ֮󣬿ˡ
֪ҵж಻ϲ𣿡ɣϵһӢ
̕DͷһԲƮƮҲסˡ
ӢĬţ֪ܲ𣿵һμûкɫ
أ˵ţ˵ֹʣ̰ͼ֣Ƿǹ顣ûбĶϱˡ
˵꣬һ٣ЦҶӾǾĶáʲô취
ӢڿǻﳢѪζжҭۡ
̾ϢԼѡٿѣԼš
ԼӶףƾʲôΪ˸ĸ׵ݣȥָˣ
ӱѣ࣬뵽ģ벻֪ģ᲻ǵƾ󣬾ʸ˵ġԣҪٸ
Ӣԭأɫ԰סʮˣŶӺˣ赽ֵزֶˡ
ֲǷŭ߳ܣѹסˣ벻һ䷴Ļֻվԭأɳϵˡ
ƮƮɵˣ˵Ļһľ
̕DĿĸһ׽̣һĸס
߽ĸףɸˣӢͻȻҵؿһƿ˲
Цţָ̣ߺޣûпҹҲۿңҲǷʲôôģ
ûʸԼĶӣʲôʸ˵ң
ҽ컹Ͱѻˣ̕DָˣΪģΪ裡
̕DˣҪǸȢ㿴ƮƮûвҲͬģ˽Ů͹ˣһӶ񾭲
裡
ӢһУָָˣ󶨸̕Dϣûûңѡɣ
ͨ뺣ȴ𰸣ֱ̤Ÿ߸Ь󲽣·š۵һ졣

52

Ĵ, š
һһ밴ϸҪ, ΪǷֹ겡ߡ
̵ĴλŴССһ, ͬ״̬
ڴͷĿ, Ѿ˼죬ȴһֱڼȵС̫ǵ÷ʲôļǸȥŮ緹
û˿ϸ׷ʲô͸ÿһηһӸ첲ϵ˿ڣ֪һòᡣ
ŴڷŴˡ
ȥǰûκβһ΢Цǳ, ﻹһ
ʳдϺŶƮƮͼ̡
˿Ůһܵõͱ˺ü¡ż, ݵüˡȦôء
صͷ, ̾ԷĻ, ⺢Ҫˡ
ƮƮһϲ, Ͻѳд򿪣Ӳ𿪣һݹȥ
̿ʼſڳԷ, ˳ء
Ĳ˶úõģİɡҽϰһ顣лѼ߲˵ľ, 㱨һ顣
˴ƤԷÿһڶζδηѹӶûһ˵ЦĿΪľǲиھΡ
Թ˰ɣ̧ͷŮ
ƮƮЦŵͷţԹˡʳóԵСǼҵţ⻹Ǹô
ҡͷԵʲôС
ôˣŽ
ջߣе㿴˺ӵ
ƮƮˮ̣ﰵ˿ǰ˾ܾƣҲԲ˼ڣѾʼͨˡ
˾ÿηһһѵһ˲䣬Լ񣬷ŭߵ˳Ρ
ģֻǻԡ֪ûʲôһǰġ
̳˼ڣ¿ӣʵڳԲˡüûúóԷθӦ
ƮƮӹзۺãˮݵ
˺˼ˮ֮ЩƮŴ⿴˺һͻȻúܵ͵̕Dأ
ƮƮһ£ЦӦÿˡ
ˣðɣɬɬšɵҲ֪췸ʱ̕DļӦöڡ̼ҵүסԺ˵ݡ
ܺðġƮƮȥ§ס̵ļСƵ˵˶ҽġõģȺú
̴ţ鿴ϲǡ
ƮƮ˵䣬ڴͻȻЦ
һݹĴˣ֮⣬ҲͻȻŹ֡Ǽֲ֣εҡͷԼˡ
ƮƮջߣоͻȻһ¡
Ťͷ鿴̕Dӳ
㡭ˣһţȥˮ
̕D°شߣԼźöһͷ˵رǸڲ
̷ӦЩһ²Ż
үүǰһȶƮƮš
̵ͷԼŮֿ̕DӺûʲôԾĵ΢һЩʣүүôˣ
Ѿûˡأоô
Ҳǿž¶Цݡ
̕DףƮƮƬ̣˴ղ
˶࣬ŸٽĹʱ䣬ʿϼȥԶ
ûþͱˣſڴڿź뿪ص̾˿
ֵָֻҽԱæµ
ȥϴּ䣬Ҫ׼˯ˡһյſڣСʿġ
˼ǣ̕DȫҶͬ𣿡
ȻˣǼһͬʿչһ£滻Լˣû˿ܵ˵ġƮƮҲǿ
ǰ֪𣿡
Ʋ֪ɡǾƲ˽ܵöϸ񰡣֮ǰƮƮ̵οҽļˡƮƮ˵Ҫ̫̫û׼ܻȥ
ô˵ƮƮˡ
֪Ҳôһ˵ղŻҽţ˵ǻǰһáʵһĽƮƮġٰҽ氮
ҾµʱҲûð
治ס˵̼ļͥ˭ȥλԺʿͬģôһӣ˵Ӣ˦ˡ
찡𣿡
С˵ġ

̲ΡΡ֪Լô߻˲
ͷصӵƮƮ̕Dǿд˼ҡ
ŲŸһϣͰ§˻ͷסױʣҼˣ
û㡣ģҲе顣
֮ȷʵ֪ôҶæүүҲҪչˣҲûʲôֵġ˵ÿ춼΢ţôܷˣ
̕DûúóԷ㲵ġ
ˡ§ؿڣСʣҸԳԣ
̕D§öŵɳϣϢһԼСҲһ룿
ҲɳϣԴţۡ
ϴȥͷһһµţԼ˵Լ죬Ц˯Ϲ롣
˵ǽûζˡ˯üˡ
أĶͷ
ؿ֡ܿ죬ֱסϰԵȥԼֱȻӿһǿҵů
оԼǱϧŵġûкӹκθܡ
ʶĵһڶԼá
ͻȻһֻ֣ۿˡ
̕Dһ漴Цɳ˱ϣ§ḧĺ󱳣ҪЩӰ쵽ǡ֪𣿡
šԼ˿ڣ§첲ؿڣҿҲԼ
ôӦţǳã
ϲҲ᲻ͬʱҲû취ʲôûװԼһļͥãװֻһ򵥵
̕D۲Żˣ̲ס޹|ֻǵ밲۵ĸоӼһ濪ʼûϹúðˣûԥ
ڲᣬԺᡣ
ͷϵζӲˡÿôŵʱֻϢͻֱֱسǻ顣
ԭɻػػǻᱻ𺳵
Ƥʼܣ֪ˡһѽŽҡԺ̧ͷϽû¶ȥ˯
ĵءŶһ±ۡ
˱ϣǺñӡԭȥһģɿģ˲⡣
£ҲȲ뻳
һҹΡ
ƮƮڶǱ绰ѵġ
ֻ˺ܾãԺͨ
ҽ͸Ͳߣ˲侪һС

53

ɻ, ֻҪʱ䡣
̫ƽ䵽᳡, 㻹ûзӦʲôʱ, ѾǵĹǻңص˼С
û, ᳡һ񣬶ʡܶ໷ڡ
ǽںܰףյǰҲװˣԺĲʢţҲʼһжãֻԭӦһеˣסһС
ƮƮڿɳϷûᣬûԹ, ֻÿաÿա
̕Dڵ绰ϵĹصһУҪһһ֡
, ʲôҪ, ̸ֻүүסһ
ڸʱ, ˵Ļز, ҲġҪˣͿˣҪŪ˼ҵĵط, ҴؼҸүүŵһͿˡ
Լʱ˵ʲôһЩһ᳤ꡱĻҲˡСϲ, Ҳϲۣ˵һоͻһ
ˣҲұ
ԭΪʧȥе˼ڷֲǡֻиսӵ֪ͨǰСʱµġ֮󣬾һֱһ״̬
ʶԼǰĿѣͼԹһС
һֺΣյұƣŪǻ˫˸ġûа취ܾðȥˡ
գǴ˿Ψһĸܡ
̕DźһУߣһ˵ȥ
ллƮƮͷͣڲ輸ϵĹǻҺС
̕Dסļ磬һһµḧš
ʱ˵οĻûһáʧȥ׵ʹֻԼ
ȥʱһû˵֮һվɡʲôָĳЩһˡû˰ְ֣Ӵ˾ͳǸˡ
޸˭Ƿϸ˭ƣ
˶˶üѯʡ
ƮƮѹǻҺзŵ輸ϣۣ˵ȥϴ衣
̕DͷϸϸؿԴһͷ漴ģٰ֮ǰɵ¡
ˮͷϣ˳ŷ˿ȫ
ۣùϴͷϴû˼κζֻĿ꣺ϴ衢ȥ
ԼԡҵһУõԡصҩԡ飬һϴֶ衣ˣпؾͻдΣ
ţľͻῪʼۡͻῪʼ£Ѫζӯܡͻֹס
Ҫʹֻ࣬ӱܡ
ˮŽ񾭣ѪҺѭӿ죬Դ˵õµһЩ
ٶϴ裬·̤Ѿѷ׼ˡŹǷһ
ƮƮ˵ллſʵԵģǲԾͻû̻ᵣġ
һСŹǷŽؾ׽šζǸζһ֪ǴɾǾȻζҵһ˲ʧȥõ
ʢһݸӹȥ˵ллڣС룬ӼԷһСһСڣֱŹǳ꣬׷ס
֪ڿԼһӣ¿Ʋס˵һЩ˵ĻֻԼκηӦ
ǳȥʲôҪģ̕DʰòͺУͷ
ƮƮҡҡͷ̣ʲôҪˡ
Сʱ󣬷ɻ˳ִ캣
̕DԼ˳ֱȥĹء
ƮƮүүĹλòãǳӵ̕Dµĵطڿ徲סһ
ŲĹףеһж֮ɫҲ͸ˡ
Ĺ԰ĹرͨڣǲſôƮƮ㣬үүԵˮ͸㣬λ˵ƬǴݣ֮С
ͻȻڷƵ
ͣʧϡ
˻ʵȷҲš
ʲôûˣΨһǣˣҲˡ
ˡ̕Dѡ
ƮƮȻϣĹϵƬ޷Ӧ
̕Dͷ
ģ֮⡱һ£΢΢塣
նţûκ侫ֹĿġⲻٵһμʱﻹ¶ʹࡣ
֪ԾϵڣûһᡣһۣҲκΪԼһϰ߳ĬԱˡ
ɿӣⲻԣڳһ·ߡ
ˡɳƵؿڣֻ뿪
еεʱ塣ػĸ첲ĹϹ
һΣÿһ¾֣سŵһչ˺ʹ࣬¶ٵԼ
һк˾ȥ˾Ƶꡣʱ̫ϲһɻֻߡ
̕DͣûھͳԲˣϴ˸裬ɽѡ˹ȥûֹӱ§ĶҲûпܡ
ǻĹֻͨǣٿҲˡ
ķ˳ֱۻȥ䵽첲ϵ˿ڣɴѾȥˣϵĺۼڣʹӦҲڣΨһڵģ˿ڵߡ
ܳأеһ֮ͳؿˡ
Ҫ֡

54

һϢļž
˵仰֮, ˡ
ƮƮûһ, άŸղŵ, һ΢ؿڣһ˿
̕Dʶս첲, ˲Ҫ֣벻˵ʲôлӦǷŭ֪ôסԼ˭Ҳȥ
գǻǡ
̵ĺ⳥⴦֮˵һԣ
ΪƮƮľ״̬, ̕DӽԼķӡǱߵһС
ƮƮûзԣһҪһֱû顣ÿȥҽİ, ҲԹ
̕Dһֱһ־״̬, ʱ̽񾭡
ҽ˵, ֵ״ġҪʱġ
, ֻ
үүÿת, еľ
峿˵룬߳ҡ
没˱סҼֵдڸߴ, תصԼȥ뵽ͻȻһСԼûá
ʱ㣬ӦѾ׼鷿ˡæãһ˴ڼġƵתҲˣ뿪Ǹط֮ܺһ
ʰļ̕Dתȥ˼ơүүԤƻҪһܲܳԺÿæȥһۡ
үүָò̵ľ״̬Ҳԣһ緹
̕Dˣɳϳ࣬˿ȥƣ
̿۵òСһĺӣﰧ̾飬Թⶼʲô¶
СʣƮƮõ𣿡
š̕Dغһ̸ĶûͣЩ˽
̻ǵģϸϸ䣬ϰԼҡͷĬһվûס軹һֱ绰ƮƮ
̕DҡͷΡ
̳ŴӵģŬѹԼ밦̾ĳ嶯ۣ۾ۡ
Ҫ뼸٣ƮƮȥɢɢģ
̕Dһ£˼ԣ漴ҡͷˣת벻̫١
ûƣ
š
̳棬ÿǸܺ𣿡һ鷿鵽·أƽʱ·Ƕһ
ҪʱƣС顣
̕DһۣЩһչƶȰµˣô顣¶Цݣ˵Һչûͳˡ
̵ͷ΢ġһֱͣڴϣԷˮ޲еķ£˵Ķס
ʹŵ࣬Ҳ֪Ժô죿־棬˭ܱ֤ʲôƮƮǸúӣĺҲǺúӡ
ְһʼ˾ͲܽƮƮ뿪⺢ӻô
ܻǸɵƵģһӡԼûˡ
ûٽһˣֻѧѧЩŵˣ졣
ˮҰɡүүϰ˵
̕D׼һѰסԼˮȥߣ֪ϰҪˣҪ̫ࡣ飬ɷˮˡ
ϰ˵ûģʵֻаԼչ˺ˡ
̕D극һ֮ȥ˾ơ
ؼҲ֮ǰҪȥȻġ
ƵӼÿ춼ܼ粻ˣ커ʿƮƮжˣ
̕Dһɫˣڣ
˰
̕D֪Լôصҵģ绰ӣӣԿ׿ŵֶǶġ
ֱȻɳϣĲص˿ϣЩѡ
ƮƮ춯ת
˵ڿн㣬һ˲̕DɬôһοһΣϰ䵽ϡ
㡭ɤӣԾطᣬŵƵġ
룬ֱ߻ű˻ëţ֪ʲô
ߣʣΪʲôϰࣿ
̧ͷ۾ûлرܣûжʵʵڵڿ
еۡ͵͵ؿڣûй⣬ֻƣ
û˯ã
š
֣գָĦ£˵ڿԼûлرܡƲסļĶˡ
ԺϵΣ͵͵˵ôһ䡣
ƮƮһ֣ҡҡͷ
Һܵ㡣˵
ͷɬɬģ֪лл㡣
ҡͷ§ɸһͱסˡ
л˵һƽ쳣ᶨ
̕DܵؿܣԤеҪ˵ʲô
뾲һؿڣҲָ
ĬţκλӦֻüѹƣ
һ˾һԼţˣڼٳţֻȥˣҲˡ
һѽ§һ
§ǰ°Ϳļϣãֻ̾˿Ĭһؿڣڡе㲻֪Լ˭ˡӦҲûȥԱĶҪʱ䡣
Ҹʱ䡣˵
Ҫһ˶ʱ䡣
֮أ
֪
Ĭţоһ֪ۡеʧصıԵ
Բ𡣡Ǹȴûʲô
Ѿ뿪ʵһжҪ¹򣬾֧־Ը
ȷԼҪôؽһУ֪ؽ֮Ľʲôֻ֪ôû취ȥˡ
ʬһ㣬Լͱ˵
Ҳߡɬؿڡ
Բ𡣡
ҲҪԲ𡣡ɿֱۣȥ۾ǶԲ㡣
ۣ̾ѻߵɱձͺܸߣˡ
Ĵ
Цһ£̸ЩѾûĶ
ܣ§ź󱳣ḧŷ˿
޷˼ֻڹ˺ܴһ֮󣬵͵͵ظʵûиоˣ𣿡
ѪҺ仰̡ɿ첲Ѱ۾
Ҳϲϲʲôĸоˡʧˡؿڣ㿴óڷǳʹ࣬ҲûиоۣҪ
ڱңҲûпֵĸоůҲҸ
ɳϣ·𿴼һѼ⵶ԼؿڣҵشȥѵɤӸɬʹżŬѹ
ɵͼѰԼʱȴôҲɹܶŬҲ˵һ
Բ𡣡
Σ͵͵ؿڣһС

55

ؽĵһ, ǴһȫµĻ
, ܶҪ˼, קعȥŵ˴һ˫˴һй˵ĺۼ, һʧ
ֻүү̵һźգԼԺصĲˡ
һУ¿ʼĻ
ƮƮ֪ôÿ찴Ͱִš
֮ܲǰ˵ǸС԰Ǿѵص㡣ųԷϰ࣬æһ֮·ؼҡصԷ, Ȼѧϰдġ
ŵúܳʵңʶԼûƣĸоû˹ȥֱѹôĸܡ
Щƣ, ԺھΡǸ, ýǱܷӦ, ǾԼ̡Ща
ҵ, 㹻ѡ֪ԼӦΪ˰ھθУһֱʹǷϵķʽ
ʱġִҪ, Ҫǣүү̻ϣô
֪һϣ֣ϵġ
峿경ĸоǳ, ͰڷĹͬ£˻᲻áҲ⡣
ѧ˵˶ãʱõķʽѭѧָ
콥߽ڵʱһ΢磬˱ˬ
ƮƮǰţǡÿӼ̕D
߸ߵĸӣװģ䣬һ߹ʱû⣬ûжֱֱؿţƲκ
վͬʱڡ
ܲ
Ҫ

ǡ
š
ţͬʱ¶΢Ц
֮ҪôദƮƮûиİˣӶ˵ϸĻסִ硣ԣֻ΢Ц
˵ҪһѾӽˡ뿪ʱóʹࡣʰ·뿪һ仰û˵ȴ˵һС
ӦҪܵͬȼʹģɾûСûиоȫԡһжġ
ǳԼΪʲôҲ֪ԺָǸʱѾµĿʼԼһ
ڵǶûκθоԼͰ֮䣬û취ѡ顣
飬˷պʹࡣ
úܺãҲʿеһУҲûʧȥȡ£ʱҲװ
õáвԼǳ̡
ȥɣ̕DȿڡգͷͱǼϵıķһ
ã·עⰲȫ
ͷſߺԼҲӡŻͷĳ嶯һӡ
񻹲ȦˣҲ΢˻ָֻ˿ʱû˰⣬һжͦõġ
ʵ˵Ҳ⼸ôġڻججڲ跹˼ȷʵһֱһ᲻𾢵״̬
ڵʧȥɫʡֵزܾпʯͷһֱѹǶᴭִòô˳
Ǿó
ڶתͦãҲܻȫվȥһ档ӱϿһж졣
ֻҪˡ
ʹҽҽ˵ֶһзյ״̬У⡣Թ㣬ֲ㡢㣬ķ˺ѣֻܱԼʲôȥܡ
ûа취ġҽô˵ֻܵԼ

֮ٻָˡƽͷһΣһԳʲôһ¡
žţ˼Ҫ
̕Dܣֱ⣬ô
꣬˼˰죬̾һð찡
˵һ䣬ָϽο˵ð죬ֲ˵û취ǺһЦȻˣ꺮ůҩãǾҩԡ
̕D
ЦЦԶţ˵ûпΪ̫ˣüʹԼԣ㰮ģҲôȥ϶ǰ취ΣУ
̕D˼
Դףû׼һеĸоͶˣˡ˵ǲǣ
̕DĬ
밡УС˶䲻һپ䣬ģԽԽǣֻҪһйҪ㿴һġֻҪ㲻ͺðˣ
̕DųĬ˵һ䣺롣
ȷʵˣ졣ɽ顣
Դ׵Ϸ룬ͱ˶ءҪǣ¶ԡһûųζԽԽ
Ƥ£ǽģûлٵԼһƻƽ⣬ұʧȥĻֺܲ
ǿĻҲûõģٴһ˼·
ĿԼǻָ⣬°ϣʵҪ
ȻؽһУΪʲôİܸؽͨ㣬˼·ܶࡣ٣˯žˡ
ҲǿŰ⼸ġ

ڳҪһ΢ƽʶԼһЩҪĶǾǡҲǸˡ
Ѫ⣬иоͨˡ
ֻҪһеͻѹۣģǷġʹ뿪ʼҲ֪ô֡
䵱Լʱƽĵ׵ѹ
ǸЦ˵ϲ㣬Ĺûˡ
ڼʻλܾö档

56

̕DѾһˡ
˵ȥǸҽԺٴ, βˡ
Էʱ, ת, ̲ס͸¶Ϣѡ
ƮƮͷʾ֪, ĿӲûͣһһڳ׷
ȿţ̾һ֪ȥ֮˺ö죬ֱڶеܲˣͦܵģΪʲôôѰ
ƮƮ¿Ӻˮûлӡ
, ȥˣ
ʲô˼
ôһֱȥϲϱô죿𣿡
ƮƮšˮӣЩ, ҲЩã˺ð, ʵʵ˵Ҳ֪
ȳĬ, ʲôˡ, Ҳֲ˵ʮ֡ʣҲ֪ô졣
һ, һֿ
ͣ˰ɣӢ˸ﻹͦһġ￴ģ˵һסʵУǷǳר衣
ƮƮͷ, ԷȻûʲôٴ绰Ȱ֡
ƲƲ죬سһضеûסáϲûһоʵ󣬲ǵǸʲôܣΪʲôо˵ûоûˣ
ƮƮ̧ۣЦһ¡ϧɹֿɬⲻԸϡ
ص̾˿ļ򣬲ˡ
ƮƮջߣСŹǣ˼
ʳõСţûĺóԡͬһҵ꣬ԼģζҪһЩпǴȻҲųʦˡ
֮ûܰҲƽ
̵ۼҪûôѡһ˴ǸСԺӵʱ򣬲л㱸С̻ڵĴϣҲٷȥ˯ˡ
ԭΪѵĲ֣ûôѡĺۼϵѲ
һתһŤͷ
סһǽ֮⣬ĳͣڽֿڡֵûúõĳǶװ·ƺͼأÿΪʲộݣҲĺۼҽԺҲ洦Ӱӡ
ſڣǰǼĵط֣û˼
ͣĹ̶λôҸŵĽڽӽôʼ°࣬Լｻ˶ǡ
ңƣʳáĴڣĺá
ĳЩûУҲһΪʶˡ
ݲԼĸܣȫ磬һһľ㿴Ϊʲô滵
һܼʹûһ棬ûĹһ΢ţȴһֱֱΧĸо㲻еҡ
ҽԺӦѾ֪ǷˡȻûֱʣֻƬܸо
Ͼ¾һʵʱҽԺšʲô˿һˡ
̬ϵ΢ת䣬ôҲ˴šÿӦתѾ۷ˡ
úۡǵҲһѾһƴˡæûϹҲһ£Ȼ治Լбطȥˡ
극뿪ʳá
һһͬ·˳ţһûһġ¥ȵݰݣͼȵɴ۾ָԼ
ƣػͷ
еȣֻ̫ܴ΢硣
һ׾ģģͷ䣬һ߹λϤˡ˵ʲôЦţ˵ɫͦá
߹ȷе˵ǳ
ǽ̸úܾˣû⵽վһ
ӣܵѸջߣ˵˾ݰ֮뿪
ƮƮ
û߼Ľ
ƮƮסţת
̕DǸҲЦؿ
ǰվûЦݣ࣬۾
ƮƮ¶ò΢ЦֿǸ
ճţ߻صϡ
̕DףһʼԱߵˣ١ƮƮ
ã١̬󷽣һԡĸоܺơ
ãҽƮƮգò΢Ц
ղԶ棬ôվţŮúܺÿٺһۣƤǳϸۡЦеէһܰ˵ĸоֶ˼Ӣɡ
ԣλǸ˵еġǰŮѡϹȻšʱЩҲҪˡ
˴˴кһľ֮ƮƮȿڣҵøϻؿң˼ˡ
ûϵæ١Цŵͷ̕D
̕DһֱƮƮϣӣͻȻסˡ
ƮƮס̧ͷ
̕D֪óһѺɡס֣Žȥ̫˼ԣɹõġ
ƮƮɡʶսָؿӿһɬģϤһôƬ̵Ŀհףʺæͷ䡰ллû˵˵뿪ˡ
Իҡ
̕DվԭأӰԽԽԶŲɿ죬һûҪɡſ˼
üͷֱ׿Ӱ󣬼ŵ̾˿
ѹûְɣ١ЦţŴԹϵĺ档
İ㲥ӻָʼŮԵĻ֮һô¡
̕Dûʲô˼شջߣ󲽳¥ٴɹϲãҲô˷ˡ

57

ҹʮһ, ƮƮجξˡ
үүְ̰, ûҲ, Χһ𣬺ؼҳԷɵС˸߲ҵسʱ, ˶ˡ
һָΪʲôҪôôȥǾͲҪˣ
֪ԼôˣƴŸֽͣһѡ
֮һ۽ǹȻʪʪġ
ҹﶢ컨壬Ȼ¡ǲָʲôҲԼ˵ʲôֻĿ־, þû
¹͸Ĵսڣ͸ŵ¾õ˼ʧؿ, ͻȻȡؿе, ܡ
ƿ´, ȥ͸͸
ű֨ѽһ, СԺһƬ͡
̨ףĿĵԺм䡣̧ͷһȻִԲ, ϶ӳӰˡСһƳֶǽж
ŵһ, ȥԺӴơ׳˲ÿ䶼յһǶŪġ
Сؿǽһŵ̵
һֻٲסСƴţСûԽԽҡ
ܵˣ˷ڽºͰӡźĵۣ߷׷׹䣬ȫԵһԵˮС·ϣ۵
˲ϺۣӲǰϽʿεʱ򣬿־ֱ¡
СΪʹŤ塣ǵҶ죬ÿһ£Ϳһ¡
ǽǣȫ֪ô졣ø֦ҶСָ֮Ҵܣ嵽ԼϡûӣͷƤ顣
ɪɪʱ򣬴ͻȻˣϤ
ƮƮ
ֻһ룬̰ſڡٳ˨Ť΢ĴͨĴһ
űƿһ£վ
ôˣʣκ۾ȴϲ鿴ͷšȷûʲôԷ
еĿ־ռһ뾫һոͻȻðĸܸסˡ
Ϊһ̣ؿĪӿһ⣬ϤůҲܻš
ô˻˯㶣￴ȥһ۾ͷɢڵĹߡ
ûʲôǡһֻ󡣡ҵԼеɬٶٵػش꣬ȥ
̕D˳ȥ˸Ժӡ
󣬲Ǻܸҿǽ˸ӱ߿
̕DҵһֻᰴסһεСӣһֻһ㲦
Сܿ챻˳ƼԶǼɼһ£ǳܿ졣
ƮƮʵʵվţСţû»
ûˡվڹ
ллһ΢Це㲻ڡ
֮׵ľ룬û˵ʮְ
ϴϴְɡΣڡչ֡
̕Dףݡ
ѩ׵ǽڣõļҾߣһжµĿʼ
ǳ֮һνݵİǽ̲סˢĻ档
رɰµģܰﲻʲôæĵûٲ١һһǶúܡˢ˼ᣬСд˷ܡ
ûжãȴֻĸо
ջߣϴּ䡣
ղԺӵϿ
ǿȹһܣÿ֮˷˯žƿơƣʱڡرÿȴôˬŹ⿴࣬ߵҶѾˡ
ֵһС˼ȴʱҳˣȴˡ
ţԺӵͻȻˡŶ۵һͨ죬̷ơƷɳԺӡΪΪΣա
ﲹЩȽСɰˡ
֪ΪʲôµģˡʱģǸʹģˡ
ϴ֣صɳϷŤͷԼ˿е£֪ʲô
˯ţԥҪҪһԵôˣʺ϶治ߡ
һûмأװżĻᶼûСæҽԺһۣû˵һ䡣ʵмҪ˵ġ
šٶ۵غ׼Ϳ͡
̕DûעĶˡ
ƮƮƣ˳ĿͷڿԼ˯¡
ȷе˵͵˯¡
ڵ¹ʱ͹ڶﵱеһһ˿˯£˯۵ĵ˯ȹü
еŤʱϵ·еˡ˻˼ҵȷʵԡһκðһʱ֪ô졣ҲǺ졣
ƯͻȻ˵ôһ䣬ܵ͡͵ΪԼˣ̧ͷĿ⡣
һ˫رÿ۾һμʱ֪ˡͫʱ䵭벻ͬ˿̵˫۾ᣬ׽Ҳһ˿΢ɼѹ
ҵĸоʱֿʼð֪롣ſڣͼ˵ʲôȴЩ·֯ԡ
м˵˿ڣ鿴ȥ档
ʲô£
۾ͣ룬źظ
ҵĸˡ

58

Ĵڶ, ƮƮȷ˵ʲô
ҵĸˡֱٴοڡ
㶵վ, ©һ, ãȻǰˣ˲崻
֮ǰһ, Ŀǰסǡ̕D͡
γΪǱߵٴβѸ֪ҪҵǶӣ㲻ǳҲȥһˡ
㡣ſڣ֪Ŀʼֻʳһ䡰Ϊʲô
̾븧ĳ嶯һ˶ûС˵£˾䣺㲻һ, Ҳ뿴ġ
ƮƮһ³鶯ţмס, ƴԾüͷ, Ȼ, ָſʼ, Ҳģ
ҡܵӣӳˡźĵ輸ȣ۵õͽһ
ˣ̕D鿴, źࡣ
ڵŲţ
б𣿡
ҡҡͷ, û¡Ժһ£ղѣءôֶǹĺ۰¡
̕Dо㣬վֱӣؿһ
𣿡Σ¿ڡ
Ҳ֪ƮƮӣе飬Ĭ˺ôһ͵͵ʣˣ
šףûУҲ㡣
ƮƮһ𣬲֪ô죬û취˵ҡ˺һҲûӳһ֡
̕DĬؿͫԶƽ棬һĿʼ˺ðΣڻǵֲ嶯ԱߣһѾͽ§˻
û취ֻܵŵС񣬻ԼʲôϰߣƲס嶯
ŵֻС֣ȻǱġ˰ؿڣһ˿϶ܵһľܾ
ƮƮգۣëвTģصζֱ屼ͻȻ񴥵Ƶľѣ͵ؿʼ
ſҡоڱϵԽԽǿͷϵҲʹ˾¶ȣζǵһУǵжĸо
ƭԼˡ
ʧ룬ѲйȫȦ÷졣ǲ㱣Ĥסˡ֪ΪĸΪۣ֮ѹ֪ô죬Ҳ֪ˡ
ſҺòá
ҡͷ§øʲôоûУ

̕D̾ûװˣҲͬ֡
ſ
Ųſ֡˵ţû˿Ҫɿ˼ƭԼģ֡ҿƽܷ֡ϷݲҲ֪ôװ¸ʼ
ܲ䵭ܲˣû취װȣװԼûˡ
Ҳܸһ𡣡ֹͣ
֪Ӧḧͷһһ£Űͷ˵˺Ͱˣѡˡ
ƮƮסһʹͣˮ˲ۿҧŴŬԼǵòײŽĸǽĸоܡ
Ҷ֪̾ϢᣬȴزסĿɬ
Բ𡣡ţ˵
Цһ£ɿҵˮޣҵĴʲô֪ȴǲ֡
ҡͷô˵㡭һֱܺá
һöͷģףף˵ٶõ˿ڽ裬¿ʼ
ۣһƬңоص׷ʱʱǺ֮ǵߣǻᱻ䳶ϣ顣
ûشҡϢᶯ˶ֻҪֿİ˵ҾС˵ţЦһ£Ǹ治ܡ
ડһֱϡ̧ۿҲҴںĻһֱࡣۣ۵˲òѹ
ްᣬһҸˡˣԡ
Բᡣ֪ǸεıˣҲвͨˡ
˺ˡ§ḧź󱳰οϰԵ뱧һ˿϶ܣٲܳʱôĸ׵ô
һɹɢע˺ôһصͷ
޵ò˸СУʮꡣ̵˵һҵķ˿˵͵ܶΣֻﻹƬ͹档
̧ͷԼʲôᶼֹˣ˵
ףûЩһֱ͵͵عע㡣
ģѪҺʼҴܣ˲̡
ɣ㳤衣ЦˣĨᣬܰѱɽڻ

59

̤һ˲, ƮƮ֪ڽλŮʿ, ˡ
ǡȷʵú
, ͣ۾
Ǻ, 䣬ƮƮֺġ
ен֪ôһͺۿƴˡԾؿ̨̕DڵλáصذѿռóĸŮ
յ̕D΢΢ףҲ
ƮƮ˿, 񣬰תǰֽգʮһŮԡ̷, йо, ۽·, ۾˵ʱ, ϰԵ¶΢Цʹڿޡ
֮ǰһһҹ裬ŷֶǼٵġǶ˫۾ʱ, ֪Ҫ˵ʲôûޣرϲĸоеֻİ
ղۿ, ŨȻҲЩڣܿͷӳСоӪߵĽʱܣҳ
ȰɣȵʲôϲԵǰûУ
ƮƮһһشԷɡرһҶ࣬Բ㣬మĿϷ롣Լû취ǡķӦ
˼֮󣬸տʼǴˣȵﻹÿÿҽԺæɣ
ãϰˡ
ע壬ԵϲԺߺʲ
Ҳʳ
Ǵ緹ȥԺʣ֪һҵ껹
á
ЦЦƳ̕Dԥһ£С˵Ѻܲó㡣
ƮƮǣ֪ôӦ̲סŤͷ
˵ڿн㣬֪ôģͻȻʲôһؿʼ۾עһֱϡڣǴǰһֱǸᶨģģرõ
̕DЦһ£鲻ԣüͷѯʡ
ҡҡͷӺᣬϽеתĿ⣬ضԸ˵ܺá
ЦЦοصͷۿˡ
һʲԵģ̕DվȻ˺ܶࡣƮƮ֪ԻԾաȻǲ࣬ǿҪûʵνڵ㣬һ䡣
һ緹հƮƮϸڴ˸ͬʱҲԼļҵ׶˵˸ϸ˼ʹϵ棬һѲĺ֡
ѹܺܺõ֪ںԼġƮƮóŬеů
ҪǣշҪ͵ֱ˹˰죬˲뿪
̕D˸û˵Ľ䡣źƮƮԼƿˮ
ȵ㡣šƿǷŵǰ
ллؽӹڡоԼë˲˼ӡеŤǶʱ̸˵Ĺϵ¿ʼ¡
оô£ʡ
ƮƮ΢˿עصϣһ£˵úá
̕DͷЦˣ˼һμյʱ֪ǸԴ˱ˡִ֪磬ܺܿ˾׽ʱ;ãƮƮһˣһҸ١
Թôʡ
˻ҡҡͷȥˡ
ϵЦ⣬תΪ࣬ǰôһ֮ͷ˵ԡֲֹ¸ңֱûһǲɹġ
ƮƮһۣܿջĿ⣬ˮƿֺˮ
̕DȾЦ⣬֪ڻʲôԼҲšƿˮ˼ڡʱ㲥ﴫɻšƿǣҪһС˸
ԵղʳԵ١
Ҳ
򵥳ڡѿӷŵ˾䣺Բҽ
׿棬ֻ̧ͷ˫ر۾ͻȻе˵оӷᣬϽͷ뿴
ϸ棬͵ĳˣˡԱߺͨͨģһС͡
ˣԣȴôԵĶ
۾ȻʯͷеģŬѿӷŽϰԵҪ裬ͻȻס˺ĵطͽ
̕Dһһûдһ㡣ؿǵطӿһҵ⣬ůȫ֪ôģͿʼеɡ
̲ס鷢棬оó΢΢ɻĴָգջ֡
죬ССڳţֱ˶˸ɾط¿ӣƵߣҲرС˵ȥ˫ӡ
ס֣£ֱĿӣ뿪ʼ档
ԹѳԵ棬ҲóԵ档
ѳԵܳΪ桱óԵκͣ˲ʧȥеɫʡ

60

ص֮, ƮƮÿ찴ʱ°ࡣ
˸, ƺûʲôĲͬÿյյ΢ʺ֮, һ糣
˵ȫһҲ̫ԡ
･˵㲻һĶǣ, ̵ָǣҲͬǣҲۣ࣬Ҳôڵ˵ոպá
תתڽҲֻаʱˡ꣬Ϳ԰ĸκѧϰҲڶ׶ˡ
ʵ
һ㲻ͬ
ֿʼˡ
ÿ춼УԵġŹǷ˾, ţţʲ, ɿ⡣
֮, °ʱż, ˳ؼҡʱż, Ȼһؼҡδ磬Ҳᡰż
ܾлšҪǳĬ, εѹļܾ֡һ֪ʲôҲ֪ʲôˣѡ
ЭЭĶ, ŲܱĶ뿼Ƿֱ˼δ
ߵ룬ٲŵҽԺͣͣ£Ͻϰࡣ
·ïܵվհǸ硣ʱۣ顣
ûаżѾ΢ţ˵ҪͨûءʱֻʮӣĵĺˣҲ֪ʲôáѡԴ֮ǰÿһϢһװơ
ǰţҽԺſھǰ
ƮƮѳͣ·ߴŴӳȡֱͿһϤİɫγҽԺſ·ޣյеټ
վ̻棬˳ˡ
̕D١
ʲô˵Ц̶һƳԴͬ쿴һĻ棬Ƶ֡
ҽԺң·ӣӰ࣬ж꣬滹ڡֱʼ鷿˲ſʼרע
Сĸּдһ磬ȥʳǰڵհյ
˾ʽУȡ
ģͬǵЦλáöҲÿʡϵİֱ˶ߵòˣſαϣ̾һ
ʲôأ
еҡݣûʸ⡣ʵҲ֪Ǹʲô¶ûС
ǣĲƭˡ
ԭҲԱЦҲñŮĳҲпôǶԵѡ
šӺ˿ˮ۷Աߵ˾С㡢գзиӺȫԵġһɫĺڿȣҲ
̫ˡõרһĵ˳̬õʵȫġкһģҲкܻܻġ
ֻһ治֪ʲôʱϢ
Ļ㿪ͼꡣһӳ˲⵽ػҲģ
ġ7:15
˵ҽԺûûеĻһ꣬ɡ
룬һǳҿ꣬һʱ뵽꣬㡣
Ǹʱڸ
ߵʮ壬߳ڡûֻ졣١ڳһֱѹֻ֣ڹûһۡ
ֱڡ
ᣬ뱻˿ҲϲôƸСǿѹסѹĹ꣬˵
˵ʲôأ
˵һֱϲ㣿˵Ҳſ㣬ֲҽ㡣
Σ֡
[Ҫٵ]
䵭ģܾģеģԼһǡ
ֻʼ緹˵žܾͷȴһһű˵ġÿһڣԼܻһöԲһ־öԲ̡
úһٷųˡͷҲ̧һ£¶ˡ
ŬϾŵ㣬һžͿµˡ
վſڲ֪˭˵Żһ̸˵ټǰ
һȥ˵
ţû֪רԼģӿʼᡣҵصͷ˵˾䡰лл
ȷʵСĴɡڵʵʵģ͵˳ϡ
ڸʻɡɡϵϰȫֽ֮ȥ
˵ɬɬġ
ҼˮҲʪġ
ЦŽӹȥֺ°ֽյСͰһ˳·
ʡ
ҡҡͷŬѹֺصҳԹˡ˵꣬˶٣أ
̕DһͷЦڿı֮ˣôˣԣ˺ܵ䡣ȻʱҲûжǣԲԾ
ҡͷЩ¡׷ʣġ
еۡһڡ
Žɣ׷һ£·ˡ··֮˳ӣרһ㡣
ȿңɡվɱͼˡ
ֻ֣Լ˺ܶࡣһɡסҲĸ첲ܡ
̲ס˲˲٣ȻⱩҲÿɰˡ
սӿڣⰲװĴ·ӳ£һûͻȻ˳֡ŵģӢ
ֺˣ

61

̕Dҡ
Ӣڵɳ, Ÿ̺ͷе, ȫʪǱú, ȫûƽŮǿ˷緶
Ϊ˵ȶӣص˾ѳͣڴ·, Լվ˺һôΪھΡ˭ТӾȻ
ǰæ˲ˡò׳ִϢǾš
ⶰϷǳӡΪƮƮȥȲĶӡŵģǹȥĵεΡ
ĵطĻ鷿, Сңӵļҡļҡ
ΪˣѾһ, û뵽ǰŲһ̤Ժ, ˾ͿʼԾˡ
, ڵ, ǵƣȫǰġȻôá⺢ӡɡ
ȵȵġ̕D²豭ƮƮ, ĸһãȻؿܷмȻ
Էûʡ
Ӣջ˼û˽ʲô, תӺƮƮص̾Ҳԡ
̕DЦˣУ˵
Ӣ
̕DûǰĿת߾ĵˣСɷףѯʻ
ƮƮͷŶ¶Щ΢Цϧôɹ
̕Dȥ֣ĸ״ͻȻŻ
ˡһ£ȸƮƮġ
ӢԼ˵ǰСüȥ˸ϸ̫Ѩˡһ̲ˡ
ʲôֱӸ˵ĸ֮¶ҪΪѡ̕DҲûʲô
ӢһŭˣӲѹĻ𣬡ô˵ˣҡͷ̾һ˵ģҲһת˿ģʽ
̕D̕D湻Եġ費˵Ż˭ܲ㡣ڸңŮ֮䣬ѡŮˣ𣿡
̕DͷۣСŮʿаܣŶ壬ɻǾòĬţ̾˿ԱߵڿԼͷʾû¡
Ӣüҳ鶯㱻˵Ļǿѹŭһһֵʣ˵
̕Dջ߿ĸףɫǳѿҲ
ôҸʲôӢü
裬ҿʮˡΣֻ˵ôһ䡣価ΣԼһ˿ײ˸С
أʮҾͲܹˣ
̕DЦˣЦܡ
Ӣҭ÷㶣ųŭϵı̺һקָ̕Dսͷ¿ǲǣôܸ˵ͨûеֱɫǻ֪𣿣˼ҶҪˣһֱһʲôϸţأô
̡ƮƮͻȻ˿ڡģҲº͡쳹õŭ⣬γԱȡ
ӢŭͻȻƮƮǵ˲Ҫ졣
Ҫ̕D
ƮƮסӢϸػصûˣҲҪôģ𣿡
ǡӢߣû뵽ӣüͷһ¶һҵҪ˵ʲôı顣
ƮƮ̕DЦһ£۵ʱҪᣬرáҪô˵
ǡӢЦˣûƣ˵ʲô˼ҽԼĶӣҪһʲô˵
ƮƮҡͷ
ң
ǣôʧأҲҪ˵ԵĻһֺɵΪҡĺܺãһֱǳáĸףҲô˵ƮƮעӢޱȼᶨ
ǼͥԲүү̶ܰûŹҵİְֻ֣ҪʱҲǴСÿζ˵ŮһǸѧҡռĸҲơ
ʲôӵеӢΪʲôҪϡûۣѵֻΪ뿪һŮⲻǾ񼲲⡣
ǡ֮ǰûҲͦƢġӢЦţƮƮֿԼӡȫעض˼ҿŭǲðס
û
̕ḐƤĸ߽ӣ档ӢдˡТӡ̕D۾ǿն
ûҲĸ˵ʲôͨ˵ˣ˵ʲôǰ׷ѹʵ˵ˡˣ󻹵ȥ塣
Ӣ˲Ȼԣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
⺢ӵ˼ˣġûгϷĴ㣬ôġ˵꣬Թ԰ǡҵʲôүҪôͷҡ
̕DͷЦˣü֮ȫκͿɬ
ƮƮؿһۣ̲סס֣밲οȵĸоͨƴͻȻ֮ͨʲôһ羲ֹˣҲֹˡ
ŶԼôõһˣ֡ΪʲôҪĥʣ
ΪʲôҪһĥΪʲô
ΪʲôҪʲô
˵Ĳ
һʼȷظ߹ںֻϲ
˵İ

62

Ҫһǰ, СӢ, жǾͷ, ܻȥһӲࡣ
һ¡̕Dסóֻ, ˾ѳ
Ӣʧ䣬ˡҵܡ
̕Dɳϣ˵Ҫܵġ񡣡
ӢõۿˡӣתȥƮƮ
ƮƮյߣһʱҲ֪ô죬ɵɵվڣš
ú, ʱŹɿɰӢŵţΪȡźݺݵջ, ۲Ϊ
ɳ, , ԽԽģ
, ߶ƿӾߡ
̕Dպ֪ͨ˾һסĸ, ŤͷƮƮ˵ҳȥһ
ŶƮƮվֱӢòϹټ
Ӣ, ֱ塣
̕Dһ·ɡĸ׳š
껹ǺܴŢӢЬӺͿѾˣɽ硣
ȥҸʲôûֻûţ
С
ƶ죬ղѾȷʾҪˡѾû˵ˡ

̕DĳĬӢֿʼбۿд˲
ΣҰɣеˡ
ҾͲۣһ·ɻ㣡͵ȵһĸӾѣӢ߷߲ƽԶѡƮƮѡԼ£ܽܡ
̕D̾ͻȻͣסŲŪӢҲȼɲɡ֮£ӡ·ڣưܵĳ⺢Ӻ档
˵ҪôҪôһӵšѡһ
ӢԴ¡һ˲ը
˽ԭأֱԼĶ䡣ŵҡͷЦãôһŷһͽУˣ
š
ҡӢţǰˣһһ´̕Dĸ첲ͺϣȦˣָ㡱˰졣źףһҪιȥӡ
һԶɡڣĸ
ӢһؿŶӣͷĿѣв裿
ǡ̕DػӦ
Ӣֿʼ
תɽ⣬˾һ³Ϳֳ棬һʱҲ֪ǸýǸˡֱ̕D֣ŸϽǰ
鷳ˡ̕Dĸ׽˾
ӦõӦõġ
һӢ֣Ҫˡ
̕Dѵתһӣæ
վס
ġҡͷҲصôһ䣬šаܶԷҲǲᡣ
Ӣںͷ˰ţ˺ôһű˾ϳ
̕D󲽻ؼңе㵣ƮƮߡֱݣɳϣ˲ŷЬϴ֣ߡ
輸ϵֽݸͷ꣬ҲС
ӹЦˡ򵥲꣬
Ҫһôڡ
šͷ
ôˣ̕DǺŪ飬еᣬеѹ
ҡҡͷֿôһرСʣΪʲôôϲң
ЦˣûɡĶߵͷһ¡
ӺᡣĲܿƣеĸ鶼û취ˡ
ôء
뱧סԼ֣ڣ뿴˵
е⣬¸첲
ᣬŬԼЩʣ֨֨أǶʱ䡭ܣ𣿡
Ц
ѹˡ֪ȥᣬԲ𣬡ôϲҡҡ
ᣬһֱЦ˵ôҶϲ
ǡҺ¡ţرãǡ¶Բ̡ʵеǵġ
֪Բ𡣡§Ŷͷ˵˻㣬ˡ
ӣޣҪһֱ벻أ
Ǿһֱȡ
һ٣ͻȻ޵뿪֮ѹеʱ̱ˡ
ḧĺ󱳣һһµذο
޹ˣҲٳ֮գĶߣ˵Ҹһȥԭǣ˵òã
ס̧ͷëճỨ
Ƚյİ⣬İ⣬ɢİָ֮ߵһﲻ
סĴޣ
šŵͷ
Ұ㡣
š
ֻˣ
š
Цӷ˿ָһһ磬ϸϸţḧšˣϧˡʱ˿̣Ҳ
ƺôǣüζ
Ҫͣʱ͸͸
̺СûЦֻȡ
һѱסҡ
˹ѹ棬ѯʡ
˫ˮûаü˵Ұ㡣
Լ죬ĤİͿﵽ壬͵һӵ¾ͳѹȥˡ
ĵƹ΢ƣ
ҵİˣӭ                        
лҪ˵֪ͨ
ϲ£æԺƵʻȽϻҡһ¸ܶ࣬Ҳܺü춼ûաµ֮ǰһᣬ걾
ʵڱǸ5.9

63

С, ͸϶ڡ
峿, ϵĹﻹ˯ڱ, ߵˣ˯÷ǳ
յ緢΢, ·һڵ¶Ҳǳʺӵ
̕D۵ʱôӵĿհסԼ壬ؿڵϸ۵ıеİЩȫڸ˿̻ŵģ㰮ˡ
⻹, Цˡͷ϶ɨĹ࣬ȴ԰˿塣
˯, ܹԡС, , ȴƤϡ, ȡ
һ£ûɹ̽ȥ˿գȥƤ
ƮƮģģож, 벦ֺһһԴҪ˯û, Ǿüëͷӣ졣죿
ѵһ죬ûָ߾ʹһЦǣģĵˡеһӰһϴ̼䡱һǺ졣
ǣֱӰͷץҶ֡
ֵЦ˾䡰ˣ
šһԽˣ̵òСŲһ¸첲ϵͻȻˡεڻ˿Ϸţȫˡ
ȡСڣɤӻеѹơ
šţ첲ѿյ˵ɿˣ뿴СԴϣһӣĻʹ̧ͷ
̕DЦţһѹ棬֧첲һƣ˸ȫ
ԲŵһԼһѸٰ̻Сţ
˵šáǳᣬжȴǡǡ෴˵ϣǳ嶯ġʲô裬ϰԼ§ţɬ֮󣬻ֻص޼ʱ򡣹ɣˡر档
ȥʸ
еûޣЦϿûú
һ˸ʹʦǲͬġ
֣һڣóֻʱ䣬ı𴲣Ȼٵˡ
ŶƵŵϵ·
̕DϿӣԡֹ׳һԼTȴҵġ
ͷڵعԡȫ汩¶ǰǲϰߡ
ң߽ԡҡոµɫˢһɾİɫëڼϣġ̲סЦˣſڣŰܿһ
¶ȵˮվȥʼϴԼˮ˳ͷʵʱҲѲ١
һжеİãǺõġֻеݡ
֪ԼܰҲϲһСǣʱվﱻ΢еˮˢ񾭵ʱĺֲȫҸ
СΡǶ̵ΡΪʲôҲûкԼѡֻǵһ˵ʱĻһį
ֵǣֻҪڣͲעˣ˹˲ɡ
ֹ̾Լ˼롣ϵĶԾӿ죬ܵҪٶʱ䡣
ϴãͷ߳ңĿȺζѾƮڿˡ
̕DЦˣϵTһ۾ȫǲ˵ڵ⡣
㡣ЦſŹļ嵰еˡ
ιıӣ°һʾȵѾˡ
ƮƮȥֿСԴﶼǰ״ͻȻţһ¡̴ܶ٣졣
̕DЦˣϲ⾪ϲָָʾһ¡
ԹſĵضӣһСһСڵغſȡһֱϣת䡣Ȼһ˿ֵĸоá
ϸС۳ͣҲ֪ǲе¶ġ
극ȥ·̕Dʰ׵Ҳ̤СԺĻ˽ˮ˼֦⡣ſѾ챻ժС˵أ˼
ƮƮһݣͷǽһˡ򡣼Ų˵أ˵ʲôܣůůģġŰر˵ȥϴ֣·Ҫˡ
̕Dϴ֣ǰҽԺ
վλͣã˵Լ֮ͣһ£ס֣˵סɡ
ţһ¾ЦˣҾסڸڰ
һ棬ط˺õø˵ضòοÿ춼ҪǸȻǵĹϵѾһˣ벻ʲôɲסһġ
šЩͣһ֮˵ҿһ¿𣿡

ز䣺ҲǾܾǾе죬ȸԼദһ¡
ʱһһ£ϣҲʵ̷һУޱرȷʵҪǸոս˿ڣһ̼ǻ
Ĭؿ˫۾ֿףԼûʲôм԰֮̾˿§ӶͷǼٵһ顣
Һܰġ⡣
εЦˣؿΪĸײšˣܾ
𣿡ϵ˵š
ûͷҲûҡͷﶼǰݺͰ

64

Ƶת֮, ƮƮٴ⡣
ת׶, ҶеҲѾò, Ӳѹ
ԷʱȻԹҿɻûҽķ, ⵹ãֹ̾ˡǻа
ƮƮƵţⴰǰЦԡ
Ȳô⣬˰ţ⣬һ£ǿͷҿɸ˵׼˴ġСţ㲻ҡ
˵Ҫˣ˾˵ɡƮƮȶԴʦ˲, Ťͷ˵ҽ겻ա
ΪʲôҪҽ
ҡҡͷϵЦݵˡգ̻һԵĲ, ۻ, ΧСףһ¡û, ʲôҪرףġ
ȼͻȻ, Ҳĵôˡļ򣬰οõģġ
šͷ, Ժ¶һĨмЦ
߳컹ϢֱӸҽͺˣҪˡ, ҿ챻ˣҡͷ̾õţ⣬Ѱλá
ллƮƮںͷǸ⡣
ȲĻӻ֣ͻȻ죬ʲôʱкԵأҲϴСˣ鰡
ƮƮŪһ㣬漴ЦˡǸиķգиʹࡣ
ͬӵôûл𣿡ȷǳ档
ƮƮҡͷһţ׼ԣûͬӣҲûл𡣡
û𣿡
š̕D⼸æϢʱ伸˵һ춼ûֻͨƵѡͦ˼ģͬһҽԺھӣÿֻάϵúࡣ
߻д㻳˵ģǡ
ƮƮɵۣʶؿԼСƽ
ˣǺ˵С˼ѣ£˵ʲôλҶ÷Բۡ
ƮƮеǲôںô˵ȷʵǸ¿⡣û۹ϾӷܹϵڣҲʱ䡣ҵĿǰҲֻȡİȫʩ
˼ƮеԶ˺ܶ൱ġֵĻ棬ķ̣ϽԼ
ҺһԵг˰ͬѧΣûע
˼ǲŽС⡯Уλ֤Ѿˣ¸¾ͰϯԻ֮ǰһ񶼵ðϡ˵˴Ƶء
ƮƮ֪˰ͬѧҪˣŶ
˼Ǹ֣˭һһ׼ûʧ֡׼
š
ȳֺɸֵΡһ£־Լ̫ܲˡϾû׵£ԲáƮƮŸ߳ȥӰ
ǲ˵ɣеܡǸ١Ҳ⣬ôһŮҽһһʲôءɵרĳԷģǻʵ۲̫༱
ƮƮţ⣬ûע⵽ѵĽǡŴȥҪҪ绰أʱҪˡ
Ȼ߳ʳãֻˡ
ġ
ƮƮԵЦЦŲһ½
ԱվţźѵšŶͨ
զˣ
°ࡣ
ģȰ룺Ϲġ
Ͼŵ㣬̕DվһŮ°ࡣܽȥ涨ġֻվƫһ۵ĵطĵˡ
ûӣϤӰ촩ȹӣ߶ʱÿĻȣСŮƵġԾĴǾͿʼע⵽Լʱ۾̾ͳϲ͹
ӭЦ档һֽӹһ˳סС֣ûиܣû˵ȴ͸˵
оԼ֣ƮƮ̧ͷӵһ°ɾûǵﱣһ㡣ʱ㶼°Լˣ̫˼
Ҳ뷨ߵ÷ɿ죬һûƽʱΪչŲӰӡ
̳ͣΡһ֮󣬳
һڣȲذ̵ϡӵǡôż첻ôһ
ܱտռڣϢ󡣼ҪƲסʱ΢ɿһ㻳ˡ
˶ͷţű˴ˣŴţͶЦˡ
§ػͷ¶ͷͣƽһʡ
šһʲôܵһץTϵζġ
ˡûһӣͻȻɿ˷Żظʻ˾䣺ٲ߾͸ϲˡ
ʲô
ɻ
ҪȥڣԺϵϰȫʻҽԺ෴ķ
ͷԡ
ҡ㡭⡢̫ͻȻˣȻϢ·ҪһɣҪȥĶ
ܡ
ģһ£̲סЦйˣ˵꣬ͻȻһͷôæΪҪڳһڰɣ


65

ɻ캣֮, ƮƮ֪̕Dʲôˡ
ԭΪֻԼĻ, û뵽ġ
ҹĹ԰, Ҳ֪ʲô취ԷȻӦͨһСʱɽ, е䣬еже㺦¡
ףƷҲ׼ģƮƮվţһһںáСͤеƣ΢һ, ȻôСҵ˼
תƬϵүү̣һڰգû΢Цƫƫ, ڶԼЦĴ
̕DںüƷ, վֱ, ·λ, Ĭ˺ܴһؾ
˵ʲôƮƮʡ
ܡ
ͷ
̕Dϵ, գ˵ˡ
ƮƮ̵ذתĹ, ǰ£ָḧ˵Ƭע˺ܾãһǡ
ĹĴͨϴܿƵ˱ӣۿ
үү̶ԲҸ
ĬţţѽԱǸůĻȦסġ
Ķͷķû˵ֻ顣
ʯ£߼ظүү˵£˵żĻݣ˵ŷӵ쵽ˣ˵ա˵˺ܶ໰һֱЦľٶ֣䡣
ĵҹĹ԰Ȼܰ
ڹԱ֪ͨҪ뿪ʱЩδ
ȥ·ϣƮƮȻһƮƮ״̬Ȼõĵز֡ᡱĸоؿڵĴʯͷ·С˺ܶࡣ
̾е̧ۿǰ˾֮Ķߵ˵֪ղ˵ʲô
Цʲô
Ҳ㡣ҲЦţԾеС⣬ܿɰ
ֱ˫ۺЦſţͻȻһֺεԣȹ̡
ؿһ䡱һ¾ˡ֪ʲô˼ﻹֺܶ໭档˾˻һ
Це㻵֪첲һ¡
ƽʻ˺ܾãõеˡղȥĶ˵ܡһ̲סСʣжõ
ˡ
͸ҪȥĶɣҲҪϲˡ
˻һе㼱ģСģġܿɰٵȵȡͷ
ż֣Լš
Сʱͣˡ
ƮƮǰľȫˡ³رǣ߽Ƶֱ꣬ݣ˻һûл״̬
͸ģ캣ҹĴ󽭡ãȻͷﾲĵظжš
˵ÿһ仰ǵá
캣ĵر꽨Ҳ캣ߵĽסĳд壬̧ȥŵľⶰáСʱ򾭳ⶰ¥Ρã黵ʱ򣬶ܰС˵ԺҪȥϰ࣡
ÿ·ʱ򣬻ܾ̾ΪʲôôɣôģǺɫĴ
СƮƮ磬áһȫͬá
֮ǰĵʱ˵һ졣ϾͯõĻ䡣
Ȼʱ˿̣ˡİˣˡ
е㲻ҿµڿ޳ֻܿҹŬԼԵ˲˵ȴһֱݵִ¥㣬߳ȥ䡣
Ÿһϣ˵ϣ§סӣŽż⡣Ǵȹӣһסˡ
̕DԻζһ£סϵˡ
ĿֺͼﶼҸ
ˡСԴϵı˾䣺տ֡
΢ɿŲȻص棬첲ĲϣѾ޵ϡﻩˣë϶飬дҺð㣬Һøж
ˡᣬЦ´ɳãһ
ɫ˿СУҭŽӹȥ򿪡һӳ׹Ǹƣȡ桭
Ũﻭֱࡣүү̻аְ֡
е㶶ֱӵεϣֲɾ֮ͱ§ˡ
ˣԺҪЦıŻˡ
űӣŬԼһ̧ͷ°ȥһǣǧ
ͷỨЦϡһ£ҧסĴ˼£һĴӶһ˵ġ
Կס
ҵԿסǴǰӷֵʱֱȥԿס
šԿס֡
ҡͷǼҡģһҡ
Կ׷Ž룬˵Űɣʱ䶼ġ
ԿףֿƴⱼӿˮԿױ߬ţĴʹУҲûκνһ̵Ҹ
ᣬЦ滨꣬ȴһҲ⻷ŵСŮᡣرסİˣĴһһ¡
ð֮˲ᣬļ³һ֡
á

66

˾, Ρ
峿, ƮƮڰ˵ѹʱ, 綼Ƿۺɫġڰ뱻棬̾ħ
κһСٶ, Ȼñ˴ϲ졣
磬ʱ䣬ȡʳﶼԡõģϲġ
˶һЦڡȫ㡱ķΧ£ʳ
ֻͻȻһϢƮƮ²͵鿴
[ƮƮտ֡ϣ彡³, һж˳]
ϢǸշģ͵ףͼһŷǳɰСèҡͷԡ
Цˣ̧ۼ̕D, ֻø
, Ҳ, Ҫ, һϢ˳
Ǹգ[Ҹ滹һЩزӦõ, Ҫǵòհյ֮󾡿ű䣬Ȼỵġ]
̕DЦֻȥοպܶôһñط, ִкܺá
ƮƮϢůůġּϤİĸоϤǻϤǡ衱ݡ
лţֻת̕D
ôˣʡ
ҡͷǾеʵ

šЦлл㡣һ衣
Цι
ԹԵسԵҪؾһ¡ŤŤܣջǳԵԼιߵʥŮ֮Цˡ
Ĵ죬г̺ҪڡֲƮƮͯźжȹ
öһЩСʱܿȴûʱͻȥ¡׵԰ΣÿǼ۸ľʳԼСߡ
ϣ˻صʱѾˡ
ͷϴСȸԾֱӱҲûʲô
ǺԺĶʼһһˣʼƵûҪͬӣɵʱ򣬺ȻԼѾܾûڼ˯ˡ
ڣѾһȥˡ
˳ҵתʽ뾫ѧϰʦκ졣
ѧҵͰ鶼˳һȻɻΪѣҪҹҲͬΪ˴æµֻҽԺ¥ݼӵЩΪ⡣
ԽһСȣաƮƮѵϢָոϽһɵԼ˵¡СзСϲԡ
֮ȥбʳģŽѧƵ˺ö֮ʽ̡
еĵһΣرæҡ롰Ϊһˣʵֻǿˡ
ѣճֶǣò׸ãΪʲôƵﲻһҲѣΪʲôҳģôˮأϹĵճһЩ
ӸѣͬޣΪʲôҵĻ¶Ƥܺ񰡡
ھԴ֮󣬰ҪϹˡ
СŰӣһţһܷ˼Ͷ룬̕Dû֣үүˡ
ֲⷢԾŤͷ鿴ʱѾǰˣŵ÷һͽУδ֮ʱֿүүҲˡ
ŵˣ̕DӹĹǣЦˡ
ƮƮع̳үү̴к
үүͷ̺Ǵؽ͵츴飬̕D˵СǾͲˡ
ƮƮÇ壬ˣ᲻ᡭǣ̫ܲóԡͷһ
Խ˵ԽС̲סԼġСô£Ķι״еĻ¶ڶ
˶ˣ̕Dˣүү۽ҲЦ
߹ȥѸ첲ճϵ۲˵û£һʱ仹磬̸һ
ƮƮظɺСлл̡
ǺܿģʹһæңݱһĿھȻ׼͡
Ҳ֪ͨһ¡ıﲻ
̕DЦһоʳģһ¡ûú˵ˣ̲סһֻŵ֣һ㡣
ƮƮûޣɹЦ
λ׼ʳģǿ֣ȻҲġһææµµЦӡ
ûһһʳͶˡ̕Dصؿƿƣÿ˶ٶ˵㡣
ϴ˵ƮƮҵ֮ȥ֤죿̺˿Сƣеˡ
̕DһйܵΣǡ
ƮƮΪд£۾
ôģûǰˡ̕DԼ˵
һǺЦѾһˣܲ˵ģ㿴ءǰƮƮ
ƮƮе£Ҳ̵ĻŪˡ
ҵҲ֤үүͻȻ廰һºܿеģ
̕Dû˵ƮƮС죬һְֻס
ѯʡ
ҡҡͷᡣ
Ѳֲ̫󶯾ֻܹԹԱ֡
죬䲻ȣҲ󡣡ˡ
үүͣ첻
ƮƮ̕Dģ
ЦţһҲԼ뷨˶һ֮˵ƮƮϲ졣
̴ЦǺðĿȥĶʡԼ˺úһ¡
á
ƮƮ
үүʮس԰һƮƮѯʱҵĴ㣬һǰ̽ѧ⡣ֱ˾绰ʱ䣬λ˲뿪
ϲ죿ͷһϴͱ
̕DЦ㲻ϲ
ϲϲɡ
ʲô
֪ʡȴҲԼ˻СʣСĻ𣿡
ǳԡ
̲סĵЦˣ
ôɰ˳ͷ˿
סָʣ飿
š
ǡ
ô
ûʲôЦҡͷ۾һ˿Ƥһζ
ѾαӴˣѹסˣ˺ôһ͵͵ض飬뵱ְ֡
˵ְֵʱĸŲһ£˲Щ
šࣺû⣬ԺĺӸ⡣
۾ŵǡ
¡סţ㳤裬ŴĻҲࡣ£֪𣿡

۵̾˿ⶺЦ˵ӻҵĻأҷĶˣôѷô
û취Ц޶ԡƵİͷ
ˣҵġ
Ǳߡ
Ҫ

ôˣ
§øһ̾ϢΣ㡣
ʱˣķ˵˾䡰ɵѾͷ֮°ѹ¡
ҹ˾Ұ⡣
ĳ˵ְֵļƻۿҪճˡ                        
лҪ˵дһСӵĹ£Ͳˡȡлл~

67

ûе, ˾ȥ֤
̕D, Ը֤
ƮƮ, ѻʿС
֤ȦһС챾, Ϣ̱ը
̕DӵϲͬʱҲûĸ״˵ķ硣ڽ˼غϵĽ֮˫ڸһӦƮƮȥǱߵݣӢӦԲҲ硣
ԣһ͵ϣ̕Dеŵ»̤żҵĴš
˸֮䣬Ե
ڿƮƮĵһۣЦˡŵץƮƮ, ԼԱߡƺϲɶµĺӣҶˣʲô
˼һɨԼǸڰĶŮ, ζǳԡ
Ӣ㷭, ƫͷһ, ׽㾹ȻҲھԼ
õ͵͵غ, ͹ˮ
ׯʫıҡתضƮƮɩɩɩɩĽ, ̬ȼܡ
Ӣ⵽ͥıѡĿⲻתϣȻڸ˵Ż, ȴǲʱƮƮĶƤһһ

ԼȰԼ֮ؿ΢õ
ǰѻԽԽԶ˵Щûõģǰ಻סſھʣʲôʱ죿
һҶˡ
ƮƮȻЦŻصûж
Ӣޱ飬ܸ䣬졣

üΣüׯʫͷ
ˡ̕DֱӾܾ
ƮƮĸ񣬰ʾôֱӡ
ˣı˾䣺û졣
ӢѹƢŬԼԵúƽҲΧΪʲô죿Ҷӣ̼ΨһӣԲܺᡣ˵ôͳȥж٣Ҳˡ
̕Dɣе
ĸһŴ𰸣һӲ硣
ԽԽֱ˼ҿԺ˵ָֻ
ֿʼһģׯʫǺ֣˲Ծ
Ӣüͷˡ
һԵ˿ˮҲһһｵһԶӮ˺ӵġ
ȥʱƮƮĵģڸʻαϣһ˵ģ
ˣ̕Dʡ
е㡣ͷЦЦ
˯һ
áҡͷؿ
̕DרĿֱˣЦôǣ
ҡͷС˾䣺㡣
ʧЦͷһۣûסСԴ
Ĩ裬𣿡ʡ
ô
š
סһֻ֣õһ£·ĶĨġ
ؿǣЦҸġ
Աмը꣬õĨ裬ըܵڣҪ˺üζ
·һسű裬ʱιһڡ
һ㣬Ҳġ
ˣǰ컹˵ˣҪʡȻĶҪˡ
šЦģرᡣ
ù֣еԾ
ĲԾˣ
˵ֱ
ǺЦ۾ģͣؿ
ֳѳսӣ˵ɣôǣ
ҡҡͷЦأ˵
ûޣͣó⿪ȫݺһ£дšҵҪСѾͷڸʲôģ
ƮƮЦŽңɳըŪãûıźãǰ
˵ˣ⿴
ЦЦЦţͻȻе㲻֪ôڡ˼ӣֱӴӰó
ɫаߡ
¡һ£ѪҺֱţ˲ɵʶסа˰졣
λ
̧ͷȣԾ仹ѯʡ
ͷЦ÷ǳɰ
˲Ц˻ֵϲúͼǻ
˶Ц˸ŨŨİ
§һĺ󱳣һֻ߬аĲ䣬ͷܹŵĵط˸顣
Һܿġ˵ɬɬģȴѹֲס˷ܡ
Ŀ֣ļѣеޣҲܿġ
ǰе㻳ɣݿյ˲ԣ֮ôһ˲Ŀհף֮ģΪĵǣһǰδеĿ֡
绰̸ʱһ棬˾ֱȥżҳԷˡ
ʲôʱ֪ģʡ
硣
ͷЦԸղڳҪ裬ըģ
š§
ֳа̵ϣƱܿҲ׵ˡ˺ôһ§˿ʼ
ʲô裬Сһڡ
ӡ
ŶЦˣιԽؿʼá
ǣһԣһιһ飬һ顣
Իκ뷨ûУʡ
ûС֮ǰ鶼ûô˼ЩʽʲôҪء
šͷˡ
ð±Уóֽ죬һ£ʣòÿǱߣ
áиʺϴ졣˵˼ֲ˾䣺ģϰеǰ취ջ𡣡
ƮƮһЦˡ
ģСֻԼˡ
á
ⷿҲװһ¡
ðɡ
Ӥ׼
Ŷ
㲻òŪ
Ŷ
ţһȦԽԽòУҪĵĵط̫ˡΣգʺС
ͷޱ˼ڡһЦˡ
ôˣͷ
ӭȥһ£ָߣʾҪ˵˲ͷ§ظŶðְ֡
һ漴ֳ§İţףЦ÷·ӵȫ硣                        
лҪ˵ûŪ꣬ƻһ¡

68

, ĳ԰
ˮС, Լ̱, һɫǱ
ȣСŮ², Ҳ۵ùǺԻһһŮеĸ԰Ůĸɡ
Ǳ𣿡Ӣ۵ͷ󺹣˵ЩһԵŮӹӣҡͷֹˡ
ôСȳȣ𣿡ӲشӢʡ
ȳС˵ģðСˡ
Ӣͬ, Ц÷ǳͰף̴ȥݣǺȥ
ȳȿ룬ͷðɡһС˵
ӢЦ, ⺢ҪϡͶϡ, ̲סС, źȥ˱ݡ
пյ, ȳһž̲סءһ
Ӣʱֿװ۵Сɰ޲ðеĺö
һѳԵ, ȫǰְ費óԵģСɰſˮᡣ
԰ӢιԲݮζı衣
ȳСüͷ, ص˼붷ǲݮ裬ǰְ裬˰Σʹҡͷ
ϲӢɿζġ
ȳȶɿ裬ˮӷģýеһ˵ְ費ҳԱ衣
ӢʧЦⶺֲڣ̵ġ˵ԳԣͶԳԣôȵ죬ûϵ
Сɰֿ̣裬ٴ뼫伤ҵĶУʹ̶ۿɼ۳͵޵ıԵ
ӢۻˣֱιСɰ˵ˡ
̣ҿԸ绰𣿡
Ŷ
˵ҿԳԣҲܳԡȳָָԼСֱ򡣡
Ӣ̾Цӵػصã衣
ȳȿĵЦЦزͨĵ绰ԹԵŽͨ
ͷܿ촫ƮƮϲС
裬ҿԳԱ𣿡ȳȿżɽ껹˾䣺Һȡ
ͷ˻Цˣֻ׼ڡ
ȳ۾ÿ𣿡
еļһֻ׼ڡ
Ŷټ
ټ
ĸŮԻȳȿ̣ϲɿζġ
ӢЦؿ۾ˣϽɿιߡ˭֪Сɰһۣҡͷ˵Լԡ
Ӣͼ⺢ӰӷŻغʹڳһױܣ͵ߣһһƷš㣬ü۽ǶЦ
Ѿͷְ񡣲µĵҲ
Ӣſţ;Ҳû£ôôá
ȥ̼סòãúֵʱ򣬷롣
ȳ룬ҡҡСԴ̫үү̫̻һؼء
Ҳ㰡
ȳȷ±裬Сס̣һ𰡡
ӢŪôЦС֣Ҳ֪ǴĶѧĻúúạ̃ϻؼ̫үү̡̫
šȳЦЦ迪ԡ
ױ֮Сɰӣһ㡣
Ӣ֣ʵڰòСƮƮôɰִֿɰȫǶӵĸ̰档Ŷ棡
汾˲֪ЦʲôɿɰҪȥݡݽ
һӻûҾ·˯ˡְֱֱң˯ʮ
̕DѺӷŽС߬ʲôһһۺɫһɫ
ƮƮʪë׼溢ӲЦ绰붯һ㻨Ǯ˵Ҫ̫үү̫ܾɡ
̕DˣŮһڡ
ƮƮڵطԤֽšûʼԺﴫ̺үү
˯ˣȽֱͯ
үүһ㣬Ҳ
ô̕Dɡ
ŮȥС԰ɢÿճƽʱƤ̧ؼҡĵÿ졣
үүûֱŮ
ıķЦŻش𣺡ˣߵÿɿˡ⾫ͷȼǰء
̕DҡͷЦˣϱСһ㲻١
λһƮƮ̱˹ֻðẹ̈̕Dȳȥ
ԴӺӳԺ󣬶ϾͰסˡһСԺܰ֡
ȥЪ̕DŰɳ˱ˮС˵Ҹԡ
ҪһԾ¡ߣš
ԶС
ҳˡ
¸ɾˡ
֣ȥ̾һܡ
۵§ס׶ͷȳմɣȼˮ
մɾڲ輸ϣˮҲˣûޣֻóһƬɣԣһ߳ԣһѯ𣿡
̕DЦûʲô仯Ķӣȥ
Ҫʲô
ΡٳԣٳԶͣ𣿡
Ŷ
ƮƮɳϣˮԼϹڳæµӰ͵͵Цˡͯ˹ذӵǰǰΪԼıӰ
ʲôأ
ЦЦţеᡣ͸ͷĬĬϵǡҺҸ
δʲô֪ȴη塣
аˣмˣһӡ
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