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1 һվ
ƺǵʵ̫ȣ糿㣬ͱ˴¯Ψһܸƺһοģƺǲ
ȵӿȵĳƺǾͲǻ¯ˡ
лҢԼСϣȵͷ󺹣ͷϡϻ˯ʱûüжµױݡ
õĻױƷǱ˻˵ŷˮױͷʵȴֽױ˵жױˮˣÿ׾ٵشϴɾ
лҢ֦ŮʿϲǿűȷŮɫѾлҢϺѵױȾòҲ̶á
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лҢƵһ飬ͷ·Ҫ׵һһֱͦӱĵ˴һߣһŵŴʽ𼦶̬վţһηСҴűչأ
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лҢҲǰһĻˡ
ǴԽɽȥִˣ
ǰ˿ЩϤǲڼһʱЩ벻
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֦ĿɨлҢĴͷǱС˵ϡ
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СңҲңлĶûһöǲ˲Ÿģ
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ҢӦв֮ǰģпǰҲǺѧ֪Ӱ쵽㣬ھΣ費֪ôֲ㣬ϣ֪費ϣ㱻Ӱ쵽ϣá
лҢһصͷӲ˲ۣӦ裬ģҸģһģһġ
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䶼ǧˣôܻ뷨أ
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ԭȵΪĸɢ˼ȥ飬ɼȻһǧɣɽϾǧˣһ;ˡ
пࣿ
ѧϰ֪ʶвؿࣿ

ϴлҢһؿԼġݡǳ˳ҪָԼһȴԸտգֻε֦жױˮޱҰױݸ
СͷлҢšüԥƬ̣ЩС趼һһ𿪣ͷͱޱɵļѡ
žǸ͹ԼлҢһҧȡǼ¾ͼԼǧ˿
һͨ绢еһ塣
ͷǱйһβ룬һʦ֮޷֡
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лҢεժñӣָԼͷǱйķͣǿ֦裬ܳ𣿡
֦ЩлҢ͸ųļ
Ңͷأͷأͷأ
лҢʼ磬ָЩͷ˳ۣҾͶˡеģ裬ͷһȥҸͷЩͷʰʰްɡ
ͷⶼʲôˣȥĶҸͷ⺢ǲС˵ˣôðĶЩϡŹֵĴʶ
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֦סлҢ°ͣ˺һҢܰϴɾĺܸˡܰѱҲҲܸˡͬ˵ʵûҪġ
ܶ鶼ûҪһλͷȻ֮ǰֱƿֱദһ¾ͺˣֱӽͷ迴ľģҲ赣ģǲڳ嶯֮
費ϣֻȶȣҲһӾͱáϣһһãЩ̫õϰԶĵ֪㱾ģҲܱãԸԼ𣿡



2 ڶվ
Ӹĸ˵ĵкܶΪȻģ߹·ȹֻ֮Ųɡ
ϵǣᱻпĥԲ
ǷԭȵлҢϣ֦⻰ȻκЧָ𵽷áлҢ淴
ڵлҢɽǧļʶڵȷɽǧʵģǻһΡȻֻǻһΣξΪľϵԹġ
裬ģ˵ĻҶŵϵģ֮϶ͬŸˡлҢ֤
֦صͷлҢ˯һ֮ͷ·˸һòû䣬ƺࡣԭȵлҢʱﶼǲزסķᷳˣѵлҢķˣ
лҢܹźõķı䣬֦ʮ⣬ϸϸؽлҢͷŴһ飬ĿлҢǸϸ˿һϣüͷš
ֲ֦ǲϹŶ֪ڵС̸ʱϲһЩ۸񲻹󣬵ģġ
лҢǸϸ˿һԱЩ
žëǮĲʣģĻͦ¡
֦ü̽лҢҢǰﾶǸɶţǲǻŶأ
лҢ̧ͷЩԺеϤһʱ벻ˡ
лҢض֦һţΪлҢҪƢϽ͵Ң룬ҲǴιģ֪СʲôҪ̸費ֹ㣬ֻϣ̸һοԸӰһܶһãһ𿼴ѧУ費ϣΪ鵢ѧϰ
ҪǷ֮ǰлҢϣ֦һϯ϶ᷳʤΪ֦飬ݵпˡ
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ʱһжʮ˳лҢ׾ٵؽ˴ϣۿžҪ봢ռĽƣصЩֻһ֮ңû뵽ĴռͻȻһɵĽƣЩ˿
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֦ŽɣҲûٶʡ

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лҢժñӵһ̣tonyʦŵòˡ
⡭⡭ͷôģôˣtonyʦָ˵
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лҢƤȷԸǰվŵtonyʦҲǸ֮ĬĬջĿ⣬ȴѡ
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лҢüòҲôŰ
صУлҢĵһ¾ѭŵЩƬļҵֻ͵ԣֻľԶػֻϵ֮󣬾ʼˢҳ
лҢҪͨ׷컽Լļ䣡

ԼСʱ֮лҢ뿪ԣһЩ΢ЩӲĲӣڴһǿȭ΢Щס
ͬ뿪֮ǰ̫ı仯Ͼںܶͨ˵ֻǹһѰҹѡ
ԣмȴɽǧ꾭
ںܶණ֪ģֻҪĻ룬ܻ
ֻܶණȻζ
óֻ㵽֪ƵԴAPPϣѳи֪ʶ˶ʮȻͳʼǱζ
ˢѧϰȤ
֦ԭȻлҢԼǸʲôõأŸлҢˮĻһۣлҢڿƵѧϰڼǱʼǣһĸ׵˲ˡ
Ůڶ˰
֦λĵĸ˸жˮ



3 վ
ѧϰ֮ǰлҢﻹЩһѧ֪ʶʵ̫ңԶˣܵôͷѧϰһ飬ܶеĻ֪ʶҲˣЩʽҪͷʼѶǲ͡
εʱǵʧˡ
Щ֪ʶȷʵİܲסǿ
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ҪѧϰĶ̫ˣʱǧʵе
һ˵ǻܶҪϢģлҢ˵һ㶼졣
ɵ˽һ΢Դ塯ܶзŶҪʿߵĲһѰһͼΪˣʿǵռĿһһ
лҢͷ׵̫̫һڿΣ̫̫ˮƽʵڲôͽǰòŻƵԴˡ
̫̫֪ʶȷʵϸ£صص㽲һҲὲ̫ڣлҢ˵ڿηʽʵá
ܶණֻҪһ۾ˣʵûҪ̫̫߶߶ʮӡ
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Щ鼮ϣлҢЩȡ
֦˵ûһȷʵ񻰣еĿαǱʼǣһĿαȴǴƬƬĿհסѧϰɼ½ⲻȻأ
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ʱµԼһⶼȫԣĻĶ
岻Ϊ˲©ȱ
©Խ࣬ŻԽʵ
Ƕһ㲻֪ʶ̶Ҳߣʱ򲢲ĳ̫νϰʵֻǴӲͬĽǶЩ֪ʶˡ
̾ͺñɽаʦѧһͬһ׷ţͬʿĶȫֻͬмټ֮ԣ֤⣬ܽ׷ѧϰڻͨľ硣

лҢԽѧϰԽȤÿˢһ⣬оͻһֵسɾ͸С
ѧϰ޷԰εлҢѹû֦⺰
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лҢͷһۣɽǧϾʱģɽͨõ壬ݴĳλרֻĴĥģɽеʿ򼸱ġлҢɽУ֮⣬ֻܿ鷨滭ҩʱˡ
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лҢֱе˼֮һڲе֦УǱһĺÿҪÿôһ㡣
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вһ£ٳȻܿӵѧҲϢһֱڲٳѵ
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вʶҪ֦䵱ĺǰ̵⣬뵽лҢͷŨױϿεĵУлҢ㲻Ҳûʲôǰ̿ԣߣлҢϾҪתѧ뿪Ӧò˶ãͿ޵ǵഺڰĻ𻨾Ϩˡ
ǣвûٶ죬ֻǿͿؽ֦ͳţ⻹ί֦䣬֦ܹлҢĻ˵Ȼ棬ԻǲģúùܹܣӦоȡ
Ȼ⻰вļҳ˵
ΪвΣٲһӣҲֱͬ˼Ҽҳ˵ɣǼҺӾͲǿϣŬҲѧʲôעɲ򡣡ô˵°·Ͼܱˡ
֦֪лҢϵĸı䣬Ϊвڿ׵һ仰вΪ֪˵ĶԣҢԲúùܹоȵģһֱڹѾкܴı仯ˡȻĵӱȽϲֻҪ΢ŬŬһͨƻûġ
вЦһǣǿ
ǼҺʲôӣҳû
ǼҺǳɼФͨأͨƲǱ
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ٳϣлҢվţ۾ϸȺѰҿ޵Ӱҵ֮㺰һŴ󲿶ǰĿŤͷлҢһۣСߡ
лҢĿһ˲䣬޵ųϴҪһ񵰰㡣



4 վ
ԸıظлҢһĿɿڴȻͬЦʹ˳
лҢⷢôˣǷɶ벻¶Ȼ֮ǰһֱ˵ÿҲûҪͺ
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ޣҼͷʼ⣬Ƿְɡ
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޵лҢһѹһоѹȸн˲٣һ䡣
ޣѧϰĹؼʱڣҲٽʱ˷ڸˣҲϵϣܹѷ£Ͷѧϰҵȥ
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ƱҪлҢĶͷϵĲͿˣлҢǳʲô裿ö˶˵ַ֣ɻô˵Ҫúѧϰô죬һ𣿡
лҢ㿪֣ŲţԾڴˡ̸˫̸ֲͬáֻҪһ˲̸ˣθͲȥ
һѧУҲһμ㡣ѧһתһµѧУȥʼµѧϰѧУУǷǱȻ顣
лҢûͬ޶˵תߣĿɿڴĿԭء
һͬѵԶ˸վڲٳһ˴Ͽףո˭㣿
۾ӭ⿴лҢԽԽԶֱչٳСƳȥŻͷӦһֵܣ
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ߣ޾лҢֻһʱ嶯лҢʱ䣬лҢ֮ˣҪʲôԽ࣬лҢԽǻˡ
Ȼ޲֪ǣ֮лҢѷ֮лҢ

תѧ֦æ죬ϵҹ˾ȫٶ๫سǣлҢҲ֦ͬȥسǵг
лҢ֦ڵСƺǾسǲԶͨ˸ֻҪʮӾ͵ˡ
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лҢ֦һֱǸֹģʣ裬ǲʲôͬ˵ǵĻֱ˵ɣͬ˵ûҪ˼ǰ󡣡
֦ϵЦݽ˽ӲͷƤҢ㻹ǲǵһ壿Сʱس棬ͬǸһġ˳سҵŵĵطоǸҵԸѧУǸڰæ
Ǹĸͬѧֻǹϵܺõĸͬѧ˵ǳһٷܲռһѧϰʱ䣿
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ˣ֦ͬǡ塯绰ʱܿ˵Ҳ͵òٵͣлҢ˸š
ܹȷǣ֦ͬǡ塯Ĺϵ϶һ㣬İᣬԸȥ룬˳Ȼͺá
лҢ֪֦ʲô֮ǰпӦ֦Ĳȥһڵȴǲġ
лҢÿһ˶໥ĸ壬ǱҪ֦ĸףԵϵⲢӦΪ֦׷Ҹ谭
֦Ҫ֦βҪĸףѵŮ
ÿһ˶ӵ׷ҸȨԭͥзȥ֦һˣǵʱδ̫
ֻлҢٳǰָֻһĵӢʵ䡣

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һѧӢﵥʣҪرϰ˹ߵһϵϼĹߣϵԼ棬ܽӢﵥʸ㶨лҢãɽĹĿ
лҢ֮ĵӢʵ䣬ЩӢﱳҲΪҪϵظ䣬ֻҪʹһ飬ͶܼסҪʱעڻѧϡ
һʲһ˼ҪӢ£˽öÿʵľ庬壬Ҫ˽漰ÿʵĹ̶Լͬĵڲͬﾳµ˼ȻĻµʵ˼ȫףľҲͨ˳
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Ϊ˱ּһԼ΢ǳơǩԼȦԸ΢ǳֻǱ΢˿ǩͷˡ
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˿֦лҢתѧãлҢسʮеĸ߶İ˸
߶ѧȻ٣лҢѧתسʮеһܺ󣬸߶ѧǰѧ
һ֮ѧǶƣسʮΪʡʡصУѧڶ࣬߶ְʱѧ֮以ʶػû
лҢĳɼôΪаæԵʣֵ˳ȥ山Ļ֮õص
лҢϿõȥ˽ңһط£ӻûȣһ˽ؽֱ۴лҢϣʣֵܣ֮ǰĸģôÿˣҲӦû˵
лҢǴԼϵצӣҧش𣬡Ҳֵܣÿ
ҲݣŮģ
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߶İһֵ޸ߵĴͷŮһ㴫سʮС
лҢץһʱֲһµĹΣμʱҲλˢʣһֱֻˢʲãʹѧУһӢʵ䣬ӲֽǲһǧֽĴʵһʮֽҳġС顯һЩôҪġˮΡὫЩС鷭
лҢͬһͦԣежĴŮء
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лҢʱʱóЩСݵĴʵлҢĴ㣬Щ޷ͬҢݲݵطʵ䣬𣿲Сȷʵ̫ۣ֮ôʵ鵥ʵʱ򣬲ǵһ
лҢҡͷòţ֮ͲסˡмǲסĶǻֻʵôΪ˲鵥ʵĻֻʵһЩ
˼ǵʾǳ飬һ鶼һܹסлҢǵʾǿ˸ӡһСһĿʮСļӳɣСĿļӳɣ򵥿һ飬μסˣȻһ˵
տʼϿεʱлҢʦ˼ÿΣʦٶ̫ܶһȫĶʦҪȥؽһһǿܶ౾Ӧõ㵽ֹ֪ʶʦҪôεĻȥסлҢûѧЧʸߡ
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лҢΨһοʦˬģϿεʱ򼸺̧ͷ
лҢǵͷʦǻѵһѵлҢѧϰеѧϰǿȱ͸ߣصĽѧٶȱ֮Ҳ˶٣϶ʦؽѧѧ
Ϸ˵صͻѧǰһڿεڿϵģصʦǾãлҢǰһڿεڿǰ˽ڿϵġ
лҢѧϰЧʣǡһڸǿڵػҪǿ
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лҢѧʱĴʻֻǧ࣬Ǻĸˮƽ΢ŬŬڸ߿ǰѴﵽ߿ʻǧı׼Ƕصѧ˵ʻˮƽЩˡ
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лҢõԾֻ֮Ǽ򵥵ɨһֵĿȻ㶯ˡ
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ĿҪ£͵ͬڳԷʱͻȻ˰ԣһ߳Էһˢֻܽ˸һ³ԹԶЩɶҲܸš
ĿûκѶȾˣ֮лҢòСʱʱ佫ʣµĿˣд꣬ԾӢʦȻؽҼѧϰˡ
ӢʦŴ𰸶ʮ֮Ӣʦл㱵طºʣԾĺ카Ӣˮƽôѧộ
׻˵·л·һӢרҵĲʿ̲ܽһ
Ӣʦͷ͸лҢһӢļƻĿֻһлҢӢϲѧĶ
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ۿлҢĴʻһͻƵִͻƵͣ˵ı߽ʱӢʦ޳ˡ
ѧӾôģ
ӢרĲʿ㲻СʮӢѧϰʱ䣬Ǳ˶ѧӢѧʮ꣬Ĵʻһңcattiȫרҵʸˮƽԣʱ򣬲ǿǿ룬һֱŹˣôлҢֱӿû⣬˵붼Գһ
ӢʦؾƫģһСֹ֪ѧļͥôͥĻҾͽμӳӢ￼ˡ
ֻҪɼ̫ƾȫʶУûҪڸ߿ǳ޳ɱ´òʡ
лҢˣ˿ͻȻһʾ
ĳһΣƷ⡣
ʿлҢ˴νŵرǡĻ𡣡
ͷдҵлҢͻȻЦһʼͣƬ̣⡣



7 վ
ĻлҢ˿̼Ҫġ
Ļ𡯲ʲôŵŵŵرֻǳʿеһֶѣʹʿԶľͨͨ
⣬Ļ𡯻һϵиãʿҩȡ
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ͷ΢еǵͷȻɣٵõ£еҩĻͷٶȻࡣ
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ֻϵҩͬɽеҩȣжĳ룿
лҢܿ϶ǣҩĶıͬɽ¶һ޷ȷˡ
еԾ꣬лҢͳֻһۣϰвʮӣֻջؿڴӢʦĶóɨһЩصĲе﷨ṹҲ˳żһûԸǵʡ
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ӢʦңʣлҢûȤμӢﾺ·ݻһȫӢݽᣬڵѡιΪ֣һʡѡΣһǸѡΣһ־ǹѡΡ
ЩҪʮѮǰɣͨѡεкѡ߶ȥѧѵʱѧרŵǽһϵͳ԰θѵȡҶӡĳԱȷ֮󣬻ר˰ѡҶӡȥĴǣȫӢݽĻ᳡Ϥᡣ
лҢܵҪܾòμЩЩ˷ʱ䣬Ӣʦһ˵һ޷ܾɡ
Ӣʦ˵Ӣˮƽ˵Ĵʻǵصnative-speakerҲѴﵽʻˮƽҽȥμһ
ֻҪܽҶӣûý㶼õһڶУıڹýֱ볣УɹĿԶ󡣡
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ԼȱĶлҢġ
ӢˮƽܹҪǱĴʵе䣬ξһЩ˫APPЩܹʻܹУ˵ҪϵͳѧĳЩʵǲ̫ʵġ
ЩѧӢ͵ͬǾȷʵ˲ٺ˵û㵽Ȼûеġ
лҢһ¡һԶлˡtask棬ԶƼһЩѧϰԴȥ˿лҢͶ˴ŵ˽⡣
ǲ׼˵﷨ȱݣԸĵһtask﷨澫֮ǰЩһƪĶ⣬ֵĳѾӶ࣬﷨ģǾĿԼдΡ
βõ˹ܸģʽԼģʽһ̡ģʽǵһѣֻҪѡһ⣬Ѿͬʹĺܾãҿʱʹߵ﷨⡢⡢߼ȵȡ
дεĻһʽϵͳһԼһرϽܣȻʹɷдһƪٸҵ³Ȼʹд½оϸķ
ˣһtaskˡ
лҢ˸ǷµΪԼ˱ȣֵ㿪˵ڶtaskϲط֣ڶtaskоǵһtask³ֵ⣬Ҳֵһβгֵ⡣
һȺ꣬лҢڶtask꣬򿪱ʼǱԣ༭һݡñ桷º˹ȥ֮һʱ䣬ʱѾ賿һ㣬Ͻϡ˯
лҢûпŶʮ֮󣬳º͸Ϣ
õģллĽáʱ𣿷Ļһǹߡ
ֹʮӣڶ֡



8 ڰվ
лҢҪΪȫݽ׼ҪԼļʶĿȣӢǷ˵ñ׼ҲһʮҪĿ˱׼
ĿǴȱݵı
ΪлҢÿĻϣʼϵģЩBBCCNNÿټһСʱϣ⣬ºǸAPPҲʹá
һգ۵ĹпԱˡ
лҢʱŬ֦һֱлҢڰϵĳɼΣٿǰⰲοлҢ˵ҢֻǼԼһʽ֪ŬˣܿԳɼǺǻ趼ϣ鱻Ӱ쵽ֻҪĳɼܽͺܸˣۻһʱ䣬Ҫļ֮ǰµĿο϶ܲġ
лҢû֦ͬ˵ѧУֻ֦֤ͬһᱻԳɼӰ쵽飬տĳɼΣһŬ
ھѧ˵ԶجһĴڡɶлҢ˵ֻǼԼһʽðѧڵʱ佫֮ǰµ֪ʶ˵ΪصѧϰӢĿѧϰЩиɱͬͬѧĽҪϲ٣б޿αѾѧ꣬пԽ֮󣬾ͿʼЩѡ޿αˡ
пԣлҢܸоԸǻڴʿСȺһ³¾¡
пسصϸո߿ı׼쿼ʱһζ֮ѧż죬ʦ򶼼ȥسһпӱ޵ظľ
лҢڳʱ䣬سꡪĳǡȥһˣ˼ҽҩص飬Ȼ㿪ʼҽҩ֪ʶ
ҩҩǱʶģҽᵽĵҲҪ⣬ҵɽҽһӡ֤֮ȡ侫ɡ
鲻УҪĺܶҽҽѧϰҽ伮̺лҢӦ̵ѵһݺܷḻAPPע¼֮ͱ˽ȥ
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º˵ѧУڷż٣æʲôûпǹһˣѾappŻ㿪ʼϼˣһЩӪ[Ц][Ц]
лҢòػظӪҲǺܶԼͺáڴóǿ飬ǹҵĵַλһ£Ҵ򳵹ȥ[΢Ц][΢Ц]
гֵ΢ЦºüʼԼǲлҢϲˣ
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ڿлҢ΢ͷ֮󣬳ºѡҴʽȻ
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лҢԷ
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лҢͷӦ£֪ѴǮʲôipadʹӡ֦ͷĴǺܶ࣬سǾͻ˲٣֦һֱûҵʵĹƽʱǮҲ٣ҪģǸεװͶ˸ľ֧֡
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лҢʲô˵£󷽷صͷ׬Ǯ
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Ȼ󣬳º뵽Ըں̨ЩݡлҢӢˮƽ˵ǿ󵽱̬ˡ
ҪлҢԣ
Ңһλĺã׬ܶǮҾʤΣԿһ¡
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ѧӢ߽ǹ˾Ƴĵһ˼ԣҪΪ˼ԵӦ÷Χ㣬ѧҲ࣬Ƚ
Ҹ½һλ󣬹ݷΪ֣һ˼ĿҪ顣
һǽϽŹٷȫһ飬ÿĿҪ¼רҵľСƵ⣬ÿ˼㶼ҪμӣĿܽݼסȥ֮ҪЩĿȻеĿԷѺϷѶǹÿ¼һƵΣÿμһԣõꡣ
ڶǶʱֱڿΣÿڿεȵȣҪǽĿʱķԴѧΪĿġֻۣܴ֮¸һ򡣡
лҢ룬ҡͷλȷʵãԼҲûμӹЩԣҲϵʲôûо飬ʤΡ
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⣬ϵЩ㶼òģҳѼһЩϵϣһҲôġ
ȻҲϣհ˵ķϣһµķǽķܹƳһµAPP
ȻҪǾãȻҪҵԣǾҪһ飬еͬж޵ɳԣǲӮˡ
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ºŶȻǴŹҵţʵһĹ˾ģҪһЩЩԱ֪лҢżСͷСǴʻ˵ĺʱлҢ˲ͱˡ
СӢֵɾ˰ɣ
ºͬлҢ̸˺ܶ࣬ŹҺϻͬлҢһ˸˽лҢѧӢĿϢ
ЩϻȻóºЩִ٣뵽лҢǴʻ˾һͷû˷ԣֻǶٳºϽлҢһ˼ԣлҢʵˮƽ
˵ĴʻǼٵģӢŹٷ֯ĿԿɲ١
ڶһ磬º͸лҢȥӵĽ̸ϣһ4TӲ̣ŵĶǸĽѧƵ
һѵ֦лҢյģʱлҢѧУпԵĳɼ
ԭһ㶼ţɼܲסͬŵһֱڶȣҲ
ȫ֪ĳɼ



9 ھվ
ؾͷ·ǳɾһһϰȶлҢܲԵС
лҢӿڴֻӢʼһһԼĿ⡣
ƪȥлҢͻȻðе㲻Ծ
ԵĹӰṹҲԾ
ͺһվǰסһƬһ
лҢһ±Ƶ̧ͷͿŹͷʦһӵؿ
ʦʹļ׵˵лҢӢɼˣ㻹ѧʲôӢʱϲ𣿡
㿴ĳɼѧһʮߣһʮӢ֣֣ѧʮˣſ˰ʮķ֣
Σ֮⣬ģˣ㻹ҵϰѧӢӢѧٺãԻ㸽ӷ𣿡
ʦÿ˵һлҢֽдһʦ˵꣬ѾԸܷˡ߰ʮһֻ֣ܷʮŷ֡
лҢüĿ۷Ԥ֮УϾĿٺãҲѺһģһѧ֣ѧ֣ǴĶģ
ԼѧͻѧúƯ
ﶪ֣лҢ֮УΪһε￼вĿѡ޿αе֪ʶ㡣
سصѧʦڽһϸͱ޶Ŵ֮󣬽һѡޣЩǸһĿγ̡
лҢǴӸ߶תģ֪سǵĵصѧôһɧڱ˿ǳʶʣҲᣬֱԾгĿлҢ֮ͬѧ֪
ѡ޿αѧҲʹлҢԼŵճ̡
ʦǶʣѡһĶѶûУǶֻҪ汳оѧģȻˣС̣ѧһʱ㶼ѧӢ𣿡
ʱʦdissһӢɼлҢϰѧӢԹж
лҢһεؽͣʦҸһʮģƺǵһͨѧǱʦ̵ǽеı֮ѧѡޣҸûѧѡһ
ʦɫ΢⣬ü˵Ұ칫һˣҽʱõĽȥѧһ顣֪ѧǿѡһѧĶҲûɶѶȣȥͳɣ
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ʦˣûãûϰʱһˡ
ѽĵлҢϣʦҧгݡ˵ҺúÿúѧҴȥһ̲Ŀһѡһϰᣬѧ֮󣬰ϰϵĿһ顣죬Ҹʱ䣬֮ϰңҸģ
ʦһߣھըˡ
ݳôصѧȻĿûѵҾ徵ĵزҲûһͷ⣬ܶŵķֻңתĴͷȻ߰ʮһ
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Ķܿһʮࣿ
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Ң㵱ʱתѧʱΪʲôֱתȥصǵӦĵطع֣װһܴģ
лҢһĳɼܹص࣬Ҳ˳෽Ҫĳɼ˻࣬ʦ裿
лҢܸмİİԸϵȻİİ֮ǰ̬Ⱥһ㣬ⲢӰĸм
лҢֻջؿڴͣѡ޿αóʼѧ
ѡ޿αУȷʵûʲôҪ˼ĵطһЩ֪ʶ㣬ס֪ʶ㣬ʱܴտҲǾҲһܹɳȷ𰸡
СһĿʮС롮ĿӳɵлҢѡ飬ͬһɿذһҳ֪ʶɨ꣬ٱ۾һ飬ȷԼס֮󣬼ڶҳ
ضлҢֺܲԳѧϰʽͼֲˣϰʱ仹ӣʵѧȥˣſϸлҢʱ
¿һ죬ؿһֱ˳лҢҢ㶼һҳˣ
лҢһҳ룬ʵش𣬡ʮҳôˣ
ϵЦݽӲûʲô
֪ԸͬһҳĿľѧᣬѧᣬͬǾԲᷭҳģͬ飬붼ѹԻȥˣϲؼյһ졣
ԣлҢӲʱ￴ʮҳ
ƽÿʮҳ
ÿ룬лҢͻῴһҳ
ԿԣлҢ
ؾԸȫǶһ٣ΪʲôҪлҢѧϰٶȣΪ˸Լ
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ֵףǣǰĵһ꼶ĵһ߰ʮһֵĳɼȫһȫеһɼŵȫʡҲǰ֮һ
ǸллҢͬѧһ˵ķͰȫľְθ˺üٷֵ㣬ҸϣͬѧܹлҢͬѧѧϰлҢͬѧϿεʱ氡
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ݺݵһۣμлҢͬѧѧܹлҢͬѧһԾҿ϶ͬѧϿεʱʲôýڽ̨ϸǴɾͿԣѧ𣿡
ӱȽƤ˲û
ѵ껰֮󣬽ɼݸһŵѧѧѳɼմǽȥߵлҢߣлҢڿ飬ֱӾЦˡ֪лҢձʦһͨ¶
ЦѹȥζлҢεĳɼĺܺãмǧܽҪݳɼȥȫһȫ꼶һȫһȫеһⲢζȵһıӦʶȫеļΪĿ꣬ĥһнbattleȥΪ˱סڵƣҪŬô
лҢĻشԼ࣬ס
صͷֵΪǸȫݽ̳׼飬ӢʦѾͬ˵ˣԭǲ֧ôģϾֽ׶ε˵߿ͷȴ¡֪ʶѧôʵɼôãø߿Ҫ㣬Ǿǰ;
ƾĳɼӦý۽ŵøһЩڼͥ£˽ʶУصѡ񡣡
ȫݽ̳һʮֲƽ̨úŬҲǺֻܶϣøԼŬһҪ٣ֱӵǩͿԣҸ
ȻӦѧĸпγ̿ɲ£֪ѧǿΪ׼Щ˿γ̣ͨҹ߲ݣҲøҲ



10 ʮվ
лҢĳɼԼһҲοʦһ衣
ǱΪתѧĹϵһͭû뵽Ȼߣ
İοʦлҢͦ⣬Ӣʦʦ˽ͬлҢ̸˼ǣֻҪлҢܹʱҵϿοԲڿϱѧϰص֪ʶԤϰʦûݣԿԸҵչϣҲֱӽ߿ܸϰѧĿĿ
ǶʦĻء
лҢӦ£˽Ӣʦ׼˼Կ𣿡
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лҢϽл

ѳɼؼʱ֦緹
лҢ֦ʣҢͬºϵأôһ͸ü飬һӲ̣ҰЩŵ㷿ȥˣȥ
лҢûȥЩϣ΢Щԥ߽֦ͬ˵衭пԳɼˡ
ڳ˵֦һ£תοҢһûò˵ʲôֻҪɼнǺ¡߿һأú׼ÿοԶ֮ǰһ㣬Ҫϱƣ϶У㡣
лҢ˳ǣѳɼóһ߸֦ݣһ˵裬Ҿҿͦõġ
ţ𣿡֦ЦͷųɼȥϵЦ˲סˡ
֦桢ϸϸذǳɼ˺ü飬һͬлҢ˵Ңϣܱ㣬ϣķʽƭ迪ġŬ趼ɼõе㲻ʵʵͬ˵׿˶ٷ֡ģ㿼òôҲܽܡİٶ֣𣿡
лҢ
ѧŤתѧ裬һתѧʦͬѧ˲ܣԼȴ޷ܵġ
裬ɼġпԽ֮ῪҳᣬҾ˼٣ҳϿ϶ԭα¶ģûҪ
⣬οسصѧĿƵģľϸ̶ȶǰո߿Ĺ֯ģԲй©Ŀܡ
ѧУĵһͬһеĿûһ˵ĳɼҸߣ֤ɼԼģԲڳϮĿܡ
裬㻹ʲôɻ𣿡
֦лҢƽĿ⣬ûпԱ𴩵Ļ֣̿Ҳûп߳ŭлҢĿʮƽƽ֦ľͷ·ӵ˲ǳϦദǸһ㡣
Ң費ԣ費û㡣ǡ֦Ļû˵꣬뵽һ飬лҢĽΪľ
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֦ΪлҢˣʱЩڣʵЩɲδлҢκεĲɽǧʱ䣬лҢһǿġ
֪֦ɲ֮飬֦һ㶼ɣֻֽ˵һ֦еɵ߯ƭˣһ־֦ں
Ȼ֦ĳǺõģֺαȥƽأ
ܵˣȵġ

лҢºĲο϶Ƚʮıⶼ˳ӽһĶĿʼԵ⡣
ÿⶼʮƪĶۼĻһһʮƪĶ⡣
ۺϳɱ׼˼ʱ䣬ҪʮСʱܽЩĿꡣ
ݾΣξʹ
лҢĿĲǿЩԼӢͨЩֽŹٷܼƣЧĴⷽȡܹﵽºҪ󡪡̵ʱ޶ȵ
ĶĿѣǽṹݣĶĿе˵ģƪ߰ٸҡ
Ϊʻ﷨޷лҢĶ谭һƪĶĿлҢֻҪңӵʱھ£ߵ˼ʣµ⡣
ĶⲻĿԵĶһҪĦߵ⣬ҪĦ˵⣬Ķ˵һһֻҪܶ£Ҫĵ㡣
лҢһƪĶĿ֦һӳȥ߳Էܽ͡ĶϰķҪصյĴʻȵȡ
֦ʣҢͳºʲôϵ֮һֱϵ
ԭȻЩĳºлҢĹϵãڿò˵Ĺϵͦ
лҢ֪֦˼̧ͷЦЦ裬ʲôǣ֧׷ԼҸҺͳºǹϵѡһ۳ԻʱҺ̸һЩӢѧϰĵú뷨Ͱҵ뷨һֻʶġҵӢˮƽãҸǵһƷУҪǽһЩӢĿ㿴ЩϣΪЩӢĿ׼ġ
֦뵽лҢӢֵĳɼַһЩȻӦ˼ңͺú
š裬ӢʦҲμȫӢݽᣬǰҲҲμ˵ͥĻϣܹбҵֱʶУ۵ľԸܵǮպóºṩᣬҿǿǾץסˡ
֦һΣۿʱͺˣҢԲ㣬ûܸṩһõĻ
֦ſǻлҢʱһͷϽ͵裬Ҳ˼ҵ˼ǣͳϵãнһչĴ㣬ҾԲ·Ҫѧʱܾû취ˣҪ顭Ҿóͦõģߵһҷĵף
֦ݲݳ˼ڷȥˡ
лҢεЦЦķǵȻҲݣЩ˼ⷢ
ǻһˣ϶ȿЩϣ˽˴ķȳЩ֮ٿʼ֡
лҢȴôԸȰĿһ飬Լ˼·ȥ˽⽣˼ԣԽ˼γһ֪֮ȥ˵ⷽӡ֤ȡ侫ȥɣγһ׶Խַ



11 ʮһվ
һܵʱ䣬лҢʮı˼ⶼ겢ҽĿϸº͸Щһ飬ѧӢѵγҲöٸˢһ顣
ˢ֮лҢ˶ǻ㱵ġ
Ȳشѧ˼ɼȫΧڵѵ֮󣬿൱ҵлҢһ֡Ȼˡĸо
˼ɼΪŷ֣У˼ɼҪΪ壬ЩУҪԸһЩ߻ߵ壬ȻҲһЩҰѧУ˼ɼҪϵͣС
ѧƽ˼ɼ˵Ѿ壬ֻһľ롣
лҢĥһ£öΪϵʦһơĵ·Ҫǣ·Ǵġ
ϵʦ˼ԵһżɿԣáԵ桯ķʽֲԵĴ⼼ɣȻϴѧȻʵǣЩʦĳһʱ򣬾ٵӶһģһġ
˻ɺϣʮı˼ⶼлҢһĻȴǺЩһ
ɺϣֻǸܹ֤Ǵķõġ
仰˵ӵĻǷͿܲˡ
Ķ˵˼ٷͲʮ֣Щѵʦȴ˴ʮ⼼ɡлҢ֮ǳЩνݾԼķ
ȻЩṩļУһҲǲģлҢܽ˵Ѫȫ̷񶨡ֻܶ෽覴̫࣬һ۾ܿ𰸵лҢ˵ЩɴǰŪһ١
ϵУΨһõлҢϿɵģǵʷּάѧĲͬ˼ʷΪͬĲ֣ѧԵѧϰ
һ֣лҢҪõģ˵дͣ㰴Լķ
Ķ֣лҢһĿûϸĥһ֮󣬽ԼܽЩʼȫ˳жܽԼ
д֣лҢҲ˴𰸣ûȥ֪Ըˮƽŵܴ򼸷֡
ֻٴһЩ˼ٷ˼Խ̳Լѧѧϰ˼ʱõĵͽ̲ģֹԼٸķϸо˺ü飬ĥȥģдһҲûжٵĴⷽ
ôһĶ֮лҢ˼飬ԸΪûʲôˣϵʱ䣬õɵĵº˹ȥ
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֪ʲôʱʼºͰлҢʽʡԵˡ
лҢӦˣҲоǵķЩʵԼһ׷Ķ֣ķϵľһĵĵждˣԿ
ҿȷţĶķȷģдͿﻹûоٵļ飬ҲȷҲΪľ巽дˣԿ⣬뱨μһ˼ԣԼʵˮƽ
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ÿһ˼ҪǧıѣлҢԭԼͱѣº˵ߴΣ˲ͱˡ
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лҢæܾòãⶫ̫ˡ
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лҢʳһĵ⣬ҼǵipadһЩδƵĿгɹòƲ㣬ⷽ湤ĻǲWindowsϵͳһЩ
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лҢϽܾòãҼ̨ʽһؼ̨ʽͿԣƽʱѧУҲûʱŪ
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лҢʮıĿ¼뵽ϵͳУԸμӵһȫĿҲ˳¼ϵͳȥ
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лҢһ΢Цػ˳ºһ䡮õġº˼Ƶ΢Цemojiȥ
΢Цôɰ
ЦĶׯ棡
ºгֵļ΢Цٴ˼лҢ



12 ʮվ
ºϸлҢദľΪʮֵĺгǢôлҢôϲ΢Ц
ѵлҢǰһֱװģ
º˴ϣڶ糿ʱ۾϶Ȼèױ
лҢӱ͹൱ʵһ߼˸֪ʶһ˽ҽҩ֪ʶͬɽǱߵҽҩѧӡ֤ԱȣѧϰӢΪӢݽѡ׼оæŸºҿAPPƺ̨
ÿһӶ˺üãͬط֣лҢȫеһ֮󣬿֮ǰŬˣ
ܼлҢһƴѧϰû죬̬ͱˡ
Ҳ̫̫̫̫ˣ
ѧ񶼲֪ƣ
صԸڽУǰԼĲߡ
лҢԭȻе㵣Ը˼ûãû˼죬Ͱ¸ˣϾºߴοԣȳɼҪʮʱ䣬ʮʱҪٲμһ˼ԣһ¿ҪӦԡ
佫ʱ˷ںĽϣ罫ʱ佻ŬϣԼڽĿȡøõĳɼ
سǵ˼ڴѧǴѧ
һ಻̵ֽлҢ£лҢһͲμ˼ԣڱԿмΡ
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лҢͷȷʵһֱˢ˼ɼû̫ϵˢ˼ɼҪΪ˿ԼʵӢˮƽøºһ
Ǹ죬˻ϻӣ˼ٷʵ߯ˣÿοԶҪƾѶѣ˵ˣȥǸѧУֻҪܷ塢СУԭȾĶûˣֻҪдͿУ˭֪£˼δƾʵѣ
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ܵ˱ڲμӿԵʱĶлҢͬ˵ġ桯ĸ֣һֱסлҢٺЦ˵۲μӵһͳɼˣӸ΢ţʱúýһѧ˼ľ£ҿͦСģӦҵѧãҴˣڴѧ󼸣
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Ҫûѧʦʦ뷭ۣлҢϴοԿְ
ѧʦлҢܻܲѧҲ֣סʱһҪ淶д֣дȻÿͦƮҲͦ񣬵ʺϴ⡣
Ҫǹϴο۷ֵĵطǰALдˣ𣩣ľʦ֣οǧܷͬĴ󡣼ס淶д֣дֻдֲҪľʦṩ۷ֵɣô
лҢͷӦϴΪд̫Ʈݶ۷ֺ⽫ԼӢӡˢ壬дѧԪصʱ򲻻ľʦṩ۷ֵɣд˼ĵʱҲ淶Բ˼ٶ۷ֵĽڡ
ֵлʦûʲôҪֻǶŴ΢ЦвлҢһ䣬ѡһ֪ʶ㶼ˣѡῼοڵĶϿζٷͼĸ֪ʶ۷֣Ͱĸ֪ʶ㳭ʮ顣
лҢѹɽ󣬻صҳԹ緹󣬻ݱ㿪ʼˢԼıʼǱ
ʮһһС˼΢źѾ͸Ϣ
[ʱ][ʱ][ʱ]˼ɼˣôֻ壡[][]
㿼˶٣[ɻ]
лҢϢҳԼϢѯɼ㵯˳
9Ķ9д99ܷ֣9
лҢǳɼһϸϸضŵĻһ飬ճһϵ΢ЦҲһһ㷽ԭȻڵǵѹ˲ɢ
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ЩĿͦ򵥵İ
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лҢҳϽһͼͼƬºһϢ
[΢Ц][΢Ц][΢Ц]磬һ˼ԳɼˣУ
΢ЦĳºЩಡ㿪ͼƬһۣԭȻѸתãظ
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⣬ܲܽСϵʽһ£Լ޷⣬ڲ鷳£ܺͳСʵֹͨ[][]
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лҢظһá֮󣬴صٿ飬˼͸Ϣ
СѧãɼĲ̫룬ҲҪģҪٽѼ㿴ңôζ壬ⲻˮƽ̫ͣǹ˼Ŀ̫ѡҿ˼ӦñһЩʲôĵطʱҡ
лҢ֭΢ЦԼĳɼͼ˼˹ȥϿҵʲôĵطҲʱӴ[Ƥ][Ƥ]
ѧϵУͻȻһ˺ѷεĲҽС



13 ʮվ
ѧм󻪣һڷɻɫԵԴ΢ӵгʮĻۡ
Ҫ˼΢Ѿ֪ٴˣÿοǰҪת֪ٶֵĽ𣬰ݶٴ΢ٴεŷȻûʲôá
ÿ˼Եѵʱ򣬼󻪶ᱻ˿Ⱥ˿Է΢桮ף
һҲ⡣
εذԼĳɼpoȥ˳ŽлҢͼƬҲһ֮ȥĵ˱˵ȻӣͬǾ˼ôʢ[ʱ][ʱ]
ܶɳѾ׼ˣڶͼƬûܡķ䡣
䡿ڲݣڲݣڲݣڲݲԱʾĵ𾪣
ɳ߽𡿣ͼǲPģһ
ǰѾ𻯡ɼԱҸˣ
ѼѼҡ˼ҵ˼ɼλĸѧϰģ

ȫû뵽Ը㷢һ΢ȻᱻѣѾȻֱӳǰʮżߵľͷǰȥ
ɼѼսʿǶ˼Թ֮
ԹȺҲԲˣңǵ˼Ըտ֮Ϲһ죬˵Ķѵÿ޵ôȻ˿˾ŷ֣
ɼһPģ
ڿУ˼йٷ΢ȻΪлҢɼվˡ
ʵչɼһ˼УѧԵȷʵһλֿɼ֮˼ٷʮλ˼˼дɼиˣÿıʮ־ʣ˼ٷÿĲԼ￼Ƶ֣£
ͼƬһƵӣǿ֤˼󻪷ųǸɼʵԡ
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һЩģҰĲС˼ѵҵ˼󻪵ĵ绰ͨҵлҢϢ
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лҢǵԼΪ˶໺漸ڿγ̣΢жˣֻٽ΢˻עһ˺ţԭȵ΢˺ֱעҹע˼Լϵġ˼ѧϰƻ
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ⲢûӰ쵽лҢճÿ춼ѧУæΪ߿׼ϻؼ֮æ˼ѧϰƻĺ̨ݣÿһʱ仹ȥμһ˼ԡ
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ֱֲһһڿΣֻҪһΣѧֱҲɶڿѹΨһѹǿκɣҵЩԱС翪AIʦȥ
󻪸м㣬˼ѧϰƻ˺üεĹ档

߶İ࣬¹ʦѧû֪лҢôһУӢʦͰε֪һлҢ׼Ӣ¶˶벻лҢô̵ʱھͿ˼ֵĳɼҡһ䣬Ϊ˼Եѵʦ
лҢ׼пγ̹ʮʱ˵дڿΣʮꡣ
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Եԭܼ򵥣߽յѶϢӦȻ𰸣򵥵ԪӦ̣һ߼ջǾҪ
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ֻҪ䲻⣬ǵһھͲᷢ⣬ֻҪӲ⣬ڶھҲᷢ⣬ڵڣֻǰڵĸƷѡ
ܶ࿼֣֡ΪǵĶëΪϢ֮󣬴޷׼ȷķӦ߼˼ά̳˶ϲѡ
֤α׵֤һЩûá
ٸӣ֤˼жôЧ
ԭһЩԭûеϢСⱾǺܳġèÿ춼УèϰһʮֻֻèУʮܹ꣬è𣿲ܡ
ҪһЩϢؼĵطڣЩϢԵǽתǿľϢԱͿտյǸʲôת
ĳ˵˼Եֱȹڸ߿ӢҪ򵥶ˡΪ˼ԿϢһһӦӢƿһΪѧ
˵ϵõӸ򵥣ͬѧ˵СӶԻٻ˵һľӣ϶˵һ©һģЩС˵õĵ˼άɴ¡
ǲһŨĲƵ͵һ˵˵Сһķԡ٣



14 ʮվ
տʼֱʱֱֻٶ˲ºϾһѣֱڿεַҵµĵһ΢ȥ
ºҵԱʮֿŵؽ
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˼ŷִ񴫵ѧϰؼǮһ˼ıѣΪʲôҪ˼ٷǮ
ºҵĲһʱܼӿĶ˶ַˣǿѹ±ĸ칫ҰϵľϲɿشϢ
Щԭûд㿼˼ѧҲлҢϰʽˣŻٿǮһΣԣЧǲлҢ˵ô档
ֱУһȺݵλȽˡ˼ѧʦ
Щ˵ĸӣǾлҢЩƭѧʦǿš⣬εʱȴѧЩԸʱõķ
Ҳû취顣
һһϦ֮ҪѧǴʻ㻹﷨ǳٵȣҪѧȥѧǣȻڵѧ̫ˣмԸͷȥ湦
ѧĶٳɡ
Щ͵ʦ˼ʦ뿴˼ɼġ񡯽ʦô˼

лҢ֪ԸֱôͬаֻڰԼȥ
ֱ֪ͬлҢҲԼڿݡֻǽγ̽ãȥֺûȡͬС
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νķֻС¼ܽһЩԵαѡ
֤α֤ҵĹ۵㣬Щʦĸ¼ϲѡĴ𰸣ʦ֤ٻһӣ㷭һ׽˼Щʦڵķмó
ʱôΪʲôҪıʱЩ֪ûõķϣҵģ˼Ҫø߷ֻ֣һ
Ҫ˼ѣÿһὫĿȷһ飬ѧȷķ󣬿ȥѵƻúţһʱ֮˼жôˬ

лҢڵĶԸܽģЩݸ߶ϿɣţһЩʵϰһԼĹ۵㣬ڿνݿ˵ϵۣ˵ϰٷ֮ʮ㡣
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ѧϰϵͳʽǸΪͨʽбյ֪ʶ㶼ΪѧͲƽѧϰȵıҪؿ˼յĴʻ㡢顢ʻﶼ뵽˹ؿУֻҪѧһѧᡣ
ֱЩ֪ѾŲμ˺ü˼ԣĿǰѾ˼ɼͦȫ֡
Ҳμ˼ԵĿ˽µ˼⶯̬ȡµ˼ĿЩѾȫ¼뵽ѧϰƻȥѾ˼ٷ޳Ľ⣬ЩмֵȻЩĿҲпܳδĿС
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˼ѧϰƻĹͨѾ򿪣ԭǧԪԹһʹޣֻҪǧʮԪ֣سŵֻҪʹǵѧϰƻﵽĿƽ̨ɹɼ֮ǿ˿
˵ӽʮһһЧڱʮһһգʮһͨ˼ԣԼĿʣµһϰʱ䣬ǾͿǰر˺ȨޣÿʮԪĲ˿ʮʮһ죬ƿɻһʮԪ˿
Ǯܶ࣬ԼԶٻףһ˼ͨոպá
ѧ׬ѯʦγ̵ѧԽȺרŵʦռҵ⣬նʮĵ֮ǰҶظ
ѧϰƻѧѧϰƻĲһʴڣⶼдȥһնʮĵ֮ǰҶᾡظ֮ǰȿ˵⣬ѾͲҪӹˣ࿴˵ɻҲܺܺõ𵽲©ȱá

Сʱֱ˳лҢƵл̣ġûȺԸ±˹˺һˮŻһ˵Сʱˡ
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Ǳ߸ոͳƹ㽲εһӽֹ֮ǰεѧԱѾǧڻڳӣԤƽͻǧ⡣ѧϰƻҲѾһǧ൥ĿǰǴѯʱ䣬ЩæÿѼ̸ˡѵˣȻҿؼҡ
лҢԵһС鵰⣬˿ڣĿڸãûгҹϰߣ̽Ǽڵ֮ûٶ
صңлҢһֱھģʽֻ򿪣ŷ΢Ѿըˡ
Ϊûзһ΢ЩֻϢ
þ˼ߣ˵ƭӣƭӣ
ɳ񣬿һξŷ־Ͳ֪Լɶǲʦĵʦĵڶѧ˼ɼ
С㣬㽲ķãӢרѧ㽲ķ֮éٿϣ֮࿪Σרר𣿽̵Ļظһߵȣͦģ
лҢֻü΢㽫Щ˽Ķͼ
þ˼ߣžûпŵԭҵķѾŷˡ
νĵǽһȺûʲôý׵ַŪ⣬ȻڹԲֱͨ׶ˣʱı𣿡
Ŀǰ˼ϣΪҲӢר޷μרר˿ԣʱĻһ򼸱רר˵ĿʱٿҪҪΣ
һ΢֮лҢˬСʱγ̶ƣһɨգԸȡõ˼ɼpo˳ȥ˻Ա΢Ϊö΢ĵ
˼㣺ɼǻӦɵ÷ʽƾʵʹĴ



15 ʮվ
лҢÿʵ̫ˡ
롮ϾӢʦܶҲȷʵַ˳ɼлҢַȴһĲֵ
ַļӵ̬ˡ
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˼ֱγѧϰƻ໥Ʒ²˼ֱγ̣ѧϰƻԼӢҲûġ
ЩѧϰƻĿڣ׷ע˺ţʼҲȻһֵѾͰˡ
ºҵĲƷԱ˼ڵʱص˹ϿŶߵӢˮƽϵһױ׼˼׼Ӧ˹УʶʹֻҪԣһܲԼ˼ˮƽᳬ0.5
ܶս˼Ժ󣬾ͱԽˡ
ѧϰƻвԳĳɼǻǧ˼ٷĳɼ޼˵дӦķǵʵʷޱһģһ
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дڡȶȡе˼Щ˼ʦѧϰƻ
лҢֱ֮ЩʦͿʼоѵƻˣΪǵӢͺã֮һĿǶıҲʶѵƻṩĲ棬ЩвŻȡ
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һȽʱֵĻ˵ܹھѧӢ֮˼ѧϰƻʵˡﲻᲹЧѧϰԡ
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ͳʦλӳ̳ʦÿѧ˽⣬Ҳ𣬸ģܹ׽©ҼʱظЧ
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лҢʦһ۵㲢вչ˼ѧϰΪͨԡ߳ţӦĿųԶϣͨ˼Եѧ֮߳󣬶ٱԹţϣеѧ߱ڹ
ڴлҢʦһڿΣҲڴѧܹԼѧԱΪ̳һĴлĻϣлҢʦһ
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ΪǽСʱֱΣ˼񾭶ǣˣ΢Ѷ˺üΣȻлҢЩϰʱ俪ֱϻȥ֮󻹵Ż˼ѧϰƻѧУʱ䶼ѹγѧϰȥϣȥºҿֱڿΡ
һʮϰ٣лҢİǾܾģлҢҵĽǻȥ׼ȫӢݽᣬû취ܾ
Ȼһƪ΢ȦˢشлҢĻԡ
ʮйҳˣ˼ҵĺӣ
ƪĽлҢĵϸȫ˳
ʱ򣬳ɼһֱǰéһʱܼͥӰ죬ڣ˶ΪԱˣȻʵֻǱ棬һֱŬ
߶ʱתѧԶӰĸףҲͬĸ˳˺ͽ⣬Ȼ¶ˡŮҰпΪسصѧһ¿Ҳسʮе꼶һɼޱȽӽ֣
ĴʻͻһٳΪѵѧϯʦ˼֣Ϊڵ֮˼һˣڼ̵ʱڣӵѧƴ󼸰
ƪĵİζЦˣÿϰæųȥֱڿ׬ǮȻͬ˵ǻȥѧϰ
ѧ춼ǹ

лҢֲ̫ע˵ˣ۹ԽԽ࣬ѾֻҪϹͿ϶ֵᷢĵزлҢ˸ףأΪʲô˶ֺܹŹֵң
صҲȵظӣΪ˱˼ҵĺӡ
лҢ
ؼлҢϵԺͿʵˣ̾ͣȥȦһ£һƪʮйҳˡģУҪתҳȺ֪ͬѧΪƪ±ҳ𣿡



16 ʮվ
лҢͳֻƪ£ͷβɨһ飬߳ܣȻ㿪ôȦԼȦѾƪ¸ˢˡ
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֪Щ۹֮лҢͲˣϿϿΣϿ۾˵Ϲı´ӰǿаѼٸȻȥºֱΡ
֦Ѿƪе֪лҢæʲôˣίȰлҢ䣬˵Ŀǰ׶εҪѧϰҲûȰϾлҢĳɼǶòˣ֦ҲԼȰЧ
ʱһΣʮֱξͽˣ䣬лҢֲμ˼ԣҲ˼Եĳɼ˷֡
ϤĳɼǴдţƣ
лҢö΢ֳֶɼΪֹѾճˡڡĳɼڹǰδеġ
Щ˼ѵͬалҢ˶ʮֱΣͶأʦʼԼڿPPTЩѾʼѧѧ˼ѧϰƻӵеڿʦתͳΪˡ˼ѧΡҪ𶽴ѧѧϰˢ⣬ĿȺЩ˼ѧϰƻҲȥѧ
лҢϽúķܼ򵥣ʵ֡бʦЩɣⷽлҢĽⷽǴ߼ԱѧЩĿΪʲôҪô߼Ŀȷ˼·ȡϢ
ЩԭʵͬƣֻǿʵҪԣѧֻҪܲ׽ЩƵֵĵʣֱո񴦾ͿԡÿǲϲĿ׵˼ԣַӦԹڵԣǾһһ
лҢ̵ķͬǴƵв׽ϢֻƵĹ̹滮һѵĵͼ⣬ȡϢĹ滮ˣټ˼ѧϰƻеѵΪѧϲزģѵѧofṹáӢг߼ṹѧ˼ѧȻǳ
ڿЩͲֻǱķ˵˼ԸͼӰЧЩԲѧѧϰƻҵţÿһϰ⣬ǵͻõһǿܶĿֻ죬˼ɼ1-2֣Щ¿๤ˢѧϰƻĿֱӿ8-9ֵɼ
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ʻŬʻѧϰƻждʻѵģֻҪֻСѧµʱҲԸ˼߷ֵĴʻ
Щʦʻ㿴Ҳɳѣˣ˷ʱģȷʻû취֤ҪʱѧЩ˲ķΪʲôȥأ
˼Ķʵܼ򵥣Ǵʻ̶﷨ֻҪ㿼߷־û⡣ʻҪӹɣ



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ѧڹлҢΪʲô˵Щ֮Ҳֻ߷ֶǾŷ֣
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˼ٷֻ΢ƽһȥɻḶ̌Щɴ𰸵ķȫʧˣٸѧˣôǰ̵
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ˣͬ滻СƣǸдԼܸдܶӡ书Ψ첻ƣĶҲͬĵڲӰĶǰ£ĶٶĿܲˣ
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лҢ˵þȻ糱
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ŵѧֱȥμӿˣŵѧûûҹˢ˼ܵѧϰƻҲȥμӿˡ
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һ꣬ܶѧ໽˵Ŀ̫ѣrapperڳ࣬ĶֵĿѵ˷ָһѧ˵Ŀ̫򵥣ʱоͺͨһĶֵĿҲ൱򵥣лһƪԭ⡣
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Щͨѧϰƻ˼˳֡ѧΪ˻һʮǮ΢ϻԼĳɼ@ѧĹٲѧĹٲһһתЩ΢һ仰˭˵ⳡ˼Ժţ[Թ][Թ]
ѧ㿼ĸ߷ֳɼԼЩѧıϢѧϰƻԼߵȣΪ˼ڽɽʦˡ
ѧǹƻгİɣʺ
ʦ˵⻰ʱû뵽иһһγ̵ѧ칫ֻ¼ܿţŷｫı¼˸һ¼ģʦǾܻĻ



17 ʮվ
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Ƚ֮£̿ӢƼֱҪ̫ࡣ
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ôһĥʦͽ֮Ĺȷ
ʦɾͷŵǿȥĥһӵʱ䣬һ
лҢÿ˼Զȥμ𣿡
ѧԼµ˼Դ𣿡
̾лҢμӲ˼ԣ
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Слʦ༸񫣬Խ˼дܶ׾СлʦҲдһЩԸķд;߼ｲͳдͽͬĿǶȵȵȣܸƪĳ
лҢЩܵ˼ˣһ۳ººޱ飬룬Ӧͦ۰ɣҾ˼ѧϰƻ͹ˣûҪٱ顣
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㽲дʱڿϽЩҲѾ߰˰ˣʵڿκдϽĶû취ƣȻſκܿͻɱ˵Ķ
ÿڽεʱƵѣһ˲ռĳɹ㵱ûмѧǼʦ˼ţĽгɹѾʦֳˡ
ҵģܽЩѧϰҲã⼼ҲգֻʵֽϣǲܳΪĶ˾㶯ͷҲ
⣬һֱϵڹӰĳ磬д˼鼮ȫ鼮ȥڹҲкܶϲ֮ŵ㡣
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лҪ˵V䣬Ҷ֧֣лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
Ϸ5ƿ



18 ʮվ
лҢʦ˵ˣֵĳºԸ⣬Ͼ˼ѧϰƻЩģҪЩ飬Ʊػ˼ѧϰƻӰ졣
˵ֱнЩд飬һлҢûʲôѹ
˵ģֱϽĶֻҪһ飬Ͳȫˣķ֮ȫõԼĿȥЩɽ̲ģ󻯣Ҳֻ޶ȵر֤ЩȨ
֪Լ᲻һֱ˼ѧҵ֪һҵˣҵеӡǾͻᱻٵس嵭ܽķܻᴫȥ˭֡ǿɾ˵׼ˡ
˼̳̺ͷּʻ㡢顢ʻһףҿṩ壬ݶֳɵģò˶೤ʱܱд˵鼮Ҿû˼̳ȥˮȽϺãϾЩ鲻һܱдģ첻ٿҲ١
лҢº˼ѧϰƻɲһ˵ĳɹѧѪҲҪͬܺúһ¡
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վһܵĽǶϣƺӦøʹӣϵҩ֪³ҲôΪҲϰ壬һһߡ֪ʲôʽ¢ϣնᵼҵ˥ʮϣвͬվһཻ˵ҲΪʲôСлʦֱӷᳫľ֮Ըվ㱳ԭ򡣡
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˵õ϶Ļش֮Ц⣬һˡǰʱ䱨ǵ˼ΣĿγֱ䣬һԻģҵŮҪڿϡ
˵ŮĸֵʱЩ߳ܡ
ôһ˵лҢˣôһˣѧϰͦŬģû뵽ȻǸˡ
ãոǸ˵˯ãѾԼʹü̵ƵԼܳûԷ
ҡͷŪɣ˯ˡ㲻ụ̈Ҳһ˯áˣͿʲôҼǵøոմҴƳһۣɫͱīɫˣʲôȽϸߵĤ𣿡
лҢ뵽ԸϻôһʣĵһãϽ˴꣬һʸͰС
ʲôߵĶǼ򵥵һϵĻˮףһЧҵ¿βҪôҹPPT״̬Щãȥ׶ؽŴѧμᣬԸòûӰ˶Ի˵ӡ󣬾ͷĤһ¡
лҢǹ⻬ϸۣͬӤһ͸ķʣĬĬһڿˮ
Ķˡ
ǸлʦĤ𣿡
лҢͷܹðǵصвҩҪǲãʲô
ԽĶˣȸһ𣿴·ɻ֮һϵʽȻ鷳Ӹңһȫµĸ㡣
òãԼģϲвҩЩӹҽϷ֮ԼЩû뵽ЧĺáҪõĻҵһЩͺˡڹڣֱһµҲУҩĲʣµҲ࡭
һлҢԼDIYģͳ˼֣лҢķĺãлҢҲָҰ߰Ķõˣ͹ʹصͷ
лҢﵹ˶С˹Ƿʣոʺأǲˣ˵ĻͻȥϢɣҴҿսʣɻʲô飬ұ鿴
лҢô˵񷴵Щ˼ˣ˵ллдȷɻغлҢһЩγ̣ŻԼλá
ӺлҢ顶Աݼ֮ŵտ
ƹˤ뷨ҵؽЩʲϣо˿˿ƺ⻹Щ˯⡭ûã˯ȥ

лҢ˻˼ٴ񣬱㽫ԹصǼרݼ顣
˴ҳ֮ԭȶЩȤлҢͻȻüһЩļֵ
ֱǽǧ澫
ɽнЩ֪ʶ飬ǻӿֳǧ̲ɣ
˵Ǳܣ˶ͨλǿԼҪԸĲݣǼǲܵġ
Сڽοαδ뵽˵ȥԸ桢ģ
лҢ·˱أ
ŸСʱҴҹȥľ˴ŻױʦӾòչʱлҢǱ̺꣬ӴСһ˳ԼѧĶû뵽һ
ޣװģôöڲĶʲôϽ𣿡
лҢųһƤԺвػֳڽǰ˵ۣAǸ
²ո˵˾Ժͬ࣬ͲȺˡ
˺ϵĤǹѼɤһֱڱԹ²ۡ
㲻ܲԼ¡ƻƷרƳģȫб֤õЩʲôˮ𣿡
лҢЩΡЩһʦ͵ģ˼һֱãʲô£Ĥҿ˼˺ʱɰôһֱץ
лҢλվߵǸС䣬ɽţ˵ӷĤıԵָһ꣬Ȼ˺˺ˡǵҪ˺ʡȥϴĹ򡣡
ϽлҢӭȥ
лҢְһ£׾ٵؾͽһĤŴԸϽһźĤһ£лʦҸոտʱīɫİôôڣ
лҢЦЦ͵ܼ򵥣ΪѾùˣϵϷϽʡëеԼƤгĺɫصȶųˣÿãЧȻޡûùƽʱӦһֱЩױĶëгĶȽ϶࣬һ˾ŸСʱЧȻԡþһգǲǺ˺ܶࣿ
ǻױʦŷӦյ֮ǰ˵ױʱģŻҪһЩвľüë봽ɫⶼǺܼ򵥾ܰ쵽顣
ЩĤǲ˼أǻױʦһؿлҢлЩѡ
лҢĵ׷˸ۣ²۵ҿǳ˼صġ
ǴԼء
һֹǻױʦ⣬лҢʾԼĸллҢҪ΢źţлʦ˵ЩĤҪҩģ㷽һҩĵ׶вҽݣҵȥҽңҪǷĻ鷳ٸһޣ˵Ǯԡ
У·ɻҰҩĵӷ㣬ڽŴѧԵٺƵţŻһܵʱ䣬ҩģ͹ǵ˳򼸸ƿҵĲƿá
лҢԼĸ䣬ͻȻ뵽ԸǲǿĤꣿ
˭˵˴ͱ뵱ʦˣ
Щ֮˵ģҲ϶ܵõʵеĲʺƨ

ĸǻױʦڿĵȰ񣬡ĶĲðһ⣬˭ܸΣ
ܣֻҪҵƤһֱ״̬˳ӢĴӰĽɫиҲˣն
лҪ˵ֳɣϲǸѽ
޸ģٸҾͿˣ
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23 ڶʮվ
ɻƽȵؽϣ˹޻
վ¥ʱлҢԵظоͬһ˺˶˻ٵĲӦֲӦлԻէȻ仯ΧȺľ޴˵ŶѾжεӢľֵЩӦ
лҢá
ȣڲͬɫȺ⣬лҢɽ̷ɫֶһȺ˸ֵþȡ
Σ⣬һ˼ŷǰ׿
лҢֻǶһӵ񣬾Ѿϰߺ¥иֹ㲥ˣЩ²۵ݣָоͦġ
ѾϺõױ׷˹ֻݸлҢֻĻŵĺȻ΢Ŷά롣
΢ЩǱ˶ׯ󷽵󣬡лʦǲ˵ô˷ɻ֮һ΢šнĳûеĻǵĳɣøӻ˰ȥסľƵꡣ
лҢҲȷŴѧоûиŽ͵ĳĴһȦû˾ƣֻʼòûУǾ鷳ˣҵһεӢȻⲻϰЩİ
ͬôǸлʦûʲôһһ˽̿Σ֮ǰֱ˼Ŀγ̣ķѧ˼£ܸоԵҴȡһӢӰĽɫݶԵҪеߣ㿴ܲܿһһ˽̿ΣڹⶼУҲԣ۸⡣
лҢ룬Ȼعɣʱ΢Žˡһعܻ֮ڱһʱ䣬μȫӢݽѵԼѡ㷽Ļҡ
λ±ȽϺã֪ģŸߺ׼ȷѧϰһ֣ͷѧ˺ŷңһѧϰƻصڿｻϣЩ¿๦򡣡
еѧϰһȥḶ́ȰЩסȻܻѧá
һ̸רҵĶлҢͱ·ʱķ˶ŴҵĹ⡣
̸һһģԼĵԼеӰʦץ⻭棬ͷͰͼƬ޺÷ŵȥ
ңѾ׶أշͼ˫ַϡ
ͼƬеЦǫĿȻȻлҢϣһ죬պǢӡ
ѵ𣿡һʱ䣬ҪǸͬеСȫϢ
㡿С㿴е찡ǲ֮ǰѵǸӢʦ
ϡ¥ϣȷʵСһڱ׼ӢǻֵҲܴ򡣳ѧٷpo֤⣬ϺСصƬֻͬѧҳͼˣоǸӢݽƵСĳAÿ
Ϲ¥˵Ӣʦȶȣ˵ӦǸʲôγ̴ˣ
Щķ˿պҲлҢķ˿͸Щ˿һлҢ飬˳ŻҳлҢ΢ţʳһֱָĵ⣬ôһѧС㣬бҪȥȶ𣿡
ڹһھ۶ĸлҢκѣҲΪӢΪֵ
ڷɻϾͳŵ˵лҢһʱˣվˡ
ڷɻлʦĺܿģΪȡһӢĽɫһֱӢ֮ǰблʦ˼Σѧϰƻniceʵcall˵һڷɻѾͬлʦԤԼһһڿΣʱͬҷѧϰĵã
ͼԼѧӢʱıʼǱؼлҢڿγнԼһڵʡ﷨㡣
֮ǰΪдƯϹѣЩֻỨǩԼֵǲһЩһдԼ֣繷èץдùдЩһڷ˿Ŀõġ
ʶpoԼѧϰʼʱûжɣһЩ΢ŮӸָͼƬҵڸѧϰӢƬȻЩƬУpoʼǱͼƬѶϡ
һʳ˾˵ԣʱͬһֱϹΣ
ЩϹֱεĿϽȥ¼ȻҵǸСŮ񡯵ڿγеķԼ¼
ҪڿԼϣЩʵԴȣҵһϵǾʳЩ顣
Ӣ꣬էһټ治һ׵顣
ֻԸǳƾô
Ů񡭡ԸԸǳƣѵͲ߳ܣ
񣺡߳ܣʮֵ߳ܣ׷ĪڵóӶˣ

ƽ޹ӿֳٴνѧƵ˴ڵǰºץᣬֽлҢֱεһ飬صڡ



һڿνӢֱϡ
ѧ趫ϣлҢϵԼľƵꡣ
ŴѧӢоھƵǩлҢԼֺ˷дСaһǩᣬлҢΪǱǩĺȾһ¡
ôô˲μӽ˼ٷ᣿뺯в˵ֻ뽣˼ٷоԱ𣿡
ǩǸ𷢱۵СεָǱǩϻش𣬡йĲλȷʵ̫ˣֻһģ㿴עһǿŵģЩ˶Ҫעġ
лҢګһ£ֻ鲻ǱʵôῪ
ǽ𷢱۵Сһ£˵˭˵˼ٷǱʵģһŵĻ飬ڻϻȷһ꽣˼ٷĿص㣬ƶȸĸȵȣȫ˼ѵصѧ˹
ǻѧʵ̫̫̫̫̫̫̫ˣǶһЩ޷Ϊ˵ڻ᳡պӰԸоԱƺǵɫ
ŵĻ顯֣лҢˡ
Ϊ˼ٷһȺоԱѧأԽԸĿǰ뵽ⶼдˣصīŵˡȥɻϣ˭֪ǿŵģ
ùڵ˼֪ԼҲ顮ȥɻԡȥɻ˺ܶжӾ֮ЧĽ飬΢ݵ
оѾȥ㱨õPPTҲѾˣĸлҢеš
ǽ𷢱۵С˵ĺһ˿ܲĳЩѧɧлҢô᲻
ЩǺӰ޷ǾһԸڿеġƸ񡯡
ԷѹģعȴİдԼμ˽˼ٷᡣ
ԸƤǿĳЩоԱʶ󷢳İȴдԼ뽣˼ٷоԱ̸ԼĳЩ۵õЩоԱĸ߶ϿɣӮ˸߶
֮Щ˾ǽĻԼġ
лҢƲ˵ƣɨһͬһҳЩе֣ϤĻЦЦ쵽ԼķԼȯ̽ܵļ󣬱˽˼ٷԤķ䡣
Ϣһ£лҢ΢ѧʦʱϢ򿪵ֱ
ͷϴ껹ûüɣϻˮ飬лҢ͵ֱ䡣
ʱѾһǧλеڶˣʣлʦܴܲͷֱ뿴ӢľƵ곤ɶ
˵ҶӢľƵ곤ɶûȤֻ뿴лʦʢգлʦʢѧӢҾһܸѧϰ顣
лҢһԼţʵʵģҲûʲôóھͷĶЩүǵҪ
ҺѽлҢ
ϴ裬֮лҢе죬ɤҲ΢Щƣһҽܣͷֱڲ֪ٿٽŴ󺺵ġ
е˲仯յֱ໽УϿʱ仹мӣлҢPPTѧϰƻ  


һڵȨҲţڵǰĿеǶԼϵͳԿһûʲô⡣
֡
ѧļСǳǿ֢һ²Ʒǰÿһϸڶ飬ºҲữëõħײ̣лҢϵͳʱ򣬲ûзκβԻĲ֮
ϿʱһлҢͽԸƵлСҳ棬PPT½ǵɤӣ˲任ǿ
˺ˣϿʱ䵽˶ڹϿˣڽ뿼ӢһΣϻ˵ֱӽ⡣
лҢ˲ǻԭֱʱеСĻǰĿһʦвеɻлҢͻȻǿޱȣ򵥵ķʽЩǵɻˡ
Ӣ￼ʲôݺܼ򵥣ʵǼ򵥵һģʽ̸㣺ʻ㡢﷨Ѿ˲ʱȻټһɡ
ЩͬѧѾע⵽ˣ֮ǰһֱǿǵĳѾμһ˲ʱΪʲôҪӣΪһ仰̫˷ʱ䣬ʱҲҶžĥӲݡ
ԣ˿Ӣѧϰƻص㡪ҵĳѾ˲ҽҪص㽲
ν鴦ٸӡǺϲ˵װɽ죬𣿺ɽ΢ţÿ𣿲ᰡ˵һ䡮ղ˵λɽһ䡮˵λղšӰget𣿲ᣬ鴦Ĺ͡
Ѿͬˣ۾һ仰֮˲佫仰ֽС飬ڼ̵ʱҵ촮ߣȻԺоͻԶֳȷ˼
עһ£ѵʮҪ⡢⡢ⶼõϰЩߵ÷ʱԸУͻᰴԼϰߵЩѾʽԼ˼ʱӢǲͻõۿɼ
Сʱڿʱת˲ţлҢԼõPPTͣؽһϻ˵һӶһγûȫֻһˮʮӵòŽһÿεĸɻȫꡣ
صPPTлҢֱĿҪһڿǰҵ½һ¿Ӣѧϰƻģʽ
ԿӢṩѧϰƻ˼ṩѧϰƻǲһģԼȥѧΪԼҪȫ˿ģҲ뿴Ҫ󡣡
ֻҪ棬ѧϰƻÿһtaskѧһٷ֡ǵҪ90־ܿһѧϰƻʮ֣Ǵûкúѧúȫ˿ķ֮⡣

ѾΪԼӢѧϰеʹ㣬Ѷȿ֪ʻ㹻˿ӣҪΪѾˡ
лҢڿӢĵһÿϾʵǸЩеһϲ
ܹ裨ϴԣĿеǶȶһѷӿѧϰƻȻ󣬲˾ͱˡ
⿼Ӣѧϰƻǳϡ
лҢ˵һοζӦĿӢѧϰƻڿصģеû뵽ôء
ȫǳѾ
λεذǶлҢҪ򵥴ֱʽЩѧǵ鴦
ҪǣЩѾ϶ɿиƵʻ㹹ɵġ
ѧǴӵһӿʼľʹأ̵ȥڶʮʱǾط֣ܶظֵĴʻѾڲ֪бˣĳѾʱٶȾȻ˲٣
˵Щӷ֮ǰǾԿģ
лҢķô򡯵ѧСʱҽԸϰ֮ٿЩӣ;ЩѾ򵥵Щ˷ָ
Щеǰһǣʮǡ⡯Ҫѧһʱʮ仰׼ȷѡ򣬶ʮгֵĵʻ϶Ǹտʼᣬѧϰƻвģ
ʱһһع̣﷨㱻һһǿѧĻȥҽԺԿƼˡ
ͼӰѧϰЧ糱ĺ֮ǰҡڲѧҲҧ˾ǻ»ǰÿȫҧµΪֻΪлҢúõһӢ
ĶѸӿѧĺ̨ͷԱæ١
ͬʱӢѵĺܶʦҲлҢڿηʽѧĴֱʸһ
֮ǰܶ࿼ӢѵʦأʮڿξܽݣлҢΪʲôὲһٶʮڿΣ
Щˡ
лҢҪӢϵ֪ʶȫˡ˽ѧϰƻԽǿ̣ѧǵѧϰЧᵽ˼¡
лҢڿηѧֽѧģʽЩӵ֪ʶĻᱻлҢһһؿѧǵѧϰЧͼӰģֶܿܿǿƭˡ
лҢڸսγ֮ҪѧѧϰƻγϽǿЩȻѣ࣬һٶѾѧѽЩ﷨֪ʶڻԼĶֻ֮ҪʱʱּΣ֤ѧǵĳЧͺˡѧǵı㲢ϰѧڣ˼ѧϰƻѾ֤ʵЩ
ֲǣѧϰƻгֵЩѾ䣬ȫɿӢĵɵģͬĵڲͬľзسˢڸУͺñһ糿žͿһˣʱˣϰʱҲżȻײˣԷʱ˸棬һ˸ᣬϻǴͬһͬһ¥äҲӦüסˡ
лҢ˵еǱӢؾһʻ㡢﷨ѾͨѧϰƻԸ㶨һ⼼ɣ㻻ʦܽף
ӢѵʦǶоˡΣЩƻôֲǣѧӢϿγеʱ¡
ƾѧĿڱԼʼȺֲĿеǿڿഫɢȣѧռӢг֮һ
ƻܴɫҲֻʣ¼ලˣ˼бһһ
˶ֻ֪ҪѧһԣѧϰƻƣΪлҢ˺ܶʦὲҲûʱ佲ĶѧϰƻԽлҢȫһһʵ
ŵʦٴķڷЩꡣ
˵ѧĹϵܺãлҢҲв˽վ棬ѧǾߣռͬһ鵰⣬ǿֱӺŵ
˼ʱֹ⣬벻õİ취
ΪʤûǸʵ
ֶȥڶ֣֪ôѧһپ٣һĹϵѧڣҲ
ԭȻ벻׳ºһЩ飬˵ѧһºȴôǮһȺԱˣƾսƵѧϰƻЩԱͶֵ
ºһֱ֪Ըĺľ֮ڣ
µǣºѾʼĴѰʵĽʦȳºĿγϵƾͷòʱ䣬ͻһš
ĸӣʲôֹѧͷһЩڴ뿴ôӢ˶û飬ڳºϻ᲻ᷢ漣
йѧӢѧϰϵʱ̫Чȴһ㣬̫Ҫһͳҿѧķˡ
ϣܳΪڴƥҲϣܳΪӢѵʯеɣģ縺ӦΡ
϶Ͷ·ֻ·ߣһҪ롣
ƣüģָ湫˾ȥͨ绰Ǳ߸ϽлҢһ׿Ӣ̳̳
Ҳţһ
ŷչڣͺһ֩һŰ·Ӣѵԣ¿Ӣѵ˼ѵˣҲӰ쵽οͬѧ˹ϵܵĳҲ
ϾɵĴѧԽԽˡ
ЩֻӢֻ˼ѵĻѾˡ

ӢѵûпΣʱһδ֪ܶѾִٵس̨һ꿼ӢĿγϵڡ۸Χ׷½ѧ۸սϢشˡ
ѧγ̲ʾºѧĿγҪҪʵۣõ˷񶨵Ļش
ºõлҢ֮ǰͬ۸ʱùһ൱Ļ
лҢͬº˵ֵ۸񡣿ӢƷֵۣýۡ
Щеǰ˵۸һ㶼ΪӢ߿סһ޼۵ġ
ңӢһϵеĿγĶǿʱõģǺЩ׼оԱǡдġףһЩʻ桢㱨Ҫõġ
оȥͬ˽õĶһЩĺӹ߳õļ򵥾䣬δЩÿһ׿γ̵ؼֵ̫ˣԲܽۡ
ºлҢͬ˵һת˿γ̲ˣγ̲ϵͬ£һ
ӢΪͨ𣿡
ѧӢıؾ֮·
Ӣߣܿtoo-young-too-simple
ҪӢɼҪӢ
ΪʲôӢߵѧ˶׵·ϣ
ܿѧУַĵسһߡѧڹϣõһֱǡ˶̡ķʽÿһģʵҶԼҵķ롣
ԼҸ˵ѧĿγ̼۸ǼҵĿγ̱ˣѧ־ͷ˸ͨ棺ѧĿѧĿǿ֡С

ѧ˼ѵͻڽ˼ѵˮ֮˿Ӣѵ磬ѿӢѵüȮ
һߣлҢҲڽ˼ٷϸ顣
Ϊ˼ٷеоԱ֮һлҢտʼûþͱ뵽˻㱨̨ϣвλԱֳһͨڼ
ζӢ׶ǻʽӢǻôǻָķлҢ˳һƪ˼ʮеԭıлҢһ顣
ֶصĿ˲˾˵ע
лҢĴĻҲ˱λ鱨Ҫݡ˼ɿԸȥɻ
һлҢҪЩ˼ѵʦɫףԤѾǵͷ
ȻлҢýʮӵʱϸؽ˼Զֵĸ漼ɣЩɶǹ˼ѵƳģܶ˼Աۻңܶ˶ƵƵͷǾЩͦеȥԸԼѧҲһҪֵĻǾ̫ˡ
ȻлҢתͷһ⡪˼ԣڼʲôĿʲô
Щ˼ʦѾµлҢĹ۵ˣҪ⣬Ҫ⣬дҪʵԼϿ⣬ҽȷ߼ϵ
ϣлҢݾЩȻӭ**֡лҢ漼ܵ÷ֵĵطĽPPTʾֻһֻҪѧĿĿĿ΢΢
һӢǰοһֱй˼й˼ѵ൱˽ģȻЩͬЧȷʵԣҲżʼЩˣлҢⳡ棬ԺԶðһ仰Ǻйĳ𣿶Թ
ЩԷѴӹȥ׶ظԼʦ˿ѾˣǾԸˣлҢǶ²תеľġ
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Щѵʦľ飬˼ٷĸȴǿЦˡ
оԱǸӢоĵĵһ꣬͸ôľϲ֮ǰ֪ôȥɻأȫóˣлҢĽʵ޸Ŀͺˡ
ܹЩ÷ֵѧڷ⣬ǵʵˮƽ֮ܿ
лҢôһ޲˼סġ׼©֮㡯
һӡȼ˼оԱҲϿҵسлҢ˴Ĵָ佱˵ã
Ϊλ㱨лҢˡоԱĽ¡
֪˼йٷ΢ǳʲô̬սСʱڣͽлҢĻ㱨Ƶϴ΢Ǿ񫣬ӸƵнȡлҢ㱨нؼطʱĴĻͼҲ˳@лҢˡ
ΪʱԵʣֵڵ峿
˼йٷ΢šһ֮ڳĻƽʱ䣬˼ޱȾϲġһ
и÷΢ڶ̶̼ӾͱСֻе㲻֪˼۳ѡ
΢ֻĸ֣лҢҡһ*ţĳЩдʱ΢ٷεˡ
ĵлҢջصƵ꣬׼ȵˮѾ֮󿪽Ӣ  


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˵һ䡮ղݡԱлҢĵ𾪡
˼йҪҪ
˭֪Щ˼ǻʲôǵ飿
΢༭壬лҢϽ༭һ΢ȥ
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лҢָϽ༭һ΢ȥ
ϣҶǿ⡣˿˼ĿĶǳܹ֮õ棬ѧЩ÷ֵļɴڶ壬ƾ輼ɿ˼̫ĲȷԣΪʲôһ̤̤ʵʵԼأѧӢ˼ѧϰƻ۸񲻹ֵӵУ
ٴαˢǣǣ򣡡
ȻʵǣЩҲ͹񫣬һڣѧγ̲˼ѧϰƻĶٴηǡ
ܶѧĽѧ˷ָٶˣһﶼѳΪʲô˾ߵ壬Լֻܿ壿
ǲѧ˼ѧϰƻ޷ǾΪԼյЩһĻ룬һƾ跽ܹ˿أ
˭뵽лҢȻȥ˼ٷȥɻķʽˣ
һϤּɵȥȥɻɲǵ
˼ǻãǴھ͹ԹȥѧϰȥˣЩ㿼˼ѧǼлҢ̭ϰٷ֮ʮŵŵĴѡֱѡѧ˼ѧϰƻͿԣѧγֲ󣬱ȺܶͻĿγ̶Ҫࡣ
ĵ˼ѵˣǱΪлҢȥӢͷĴ󵶾ʧˣ˭֪лҢȻɱ˸ǹ
лҢһ־ը
һ죬˼ѵ˳Ϊɫڶ
лҪ˵ոѾ͵Ǹ˵ҵ֮ȥúѧϰĽվסиµѧϰأѵӦþãҵѧ˸õѧϰܵһ´ԣ֮ѧϰЧ
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24 ڶʮվ
лҢԸͱ¨ӣЩظ˸绰֦ͬ˵һһʲôǵҲ磬ֱ֦Ӻǣ
֦ȴлҢϹġ
㵣ɶڵ˰ȻЩǻеġ΢ЩϢ趼ˣҵķձ鶼ܺãڰ˲ںˣֵܷġҪٺ಻ģٺ졣
лҢ֦˵ͦãÿ仰β̣ʣ裬Ǻͳ塭֤ˣ
֦һ죬ʲô֤СӼҼҵģʲôģ
˵ͦ˵ġлҢ
֦ˣոǱ˰ָҴ绰ˣ˵Ϲ㣬ͬĸлȺоͳȥⲻһֱ׼ѧԿô˵һһǮ˽̣ѧ˸ָļɣһΣ÷ĵ塣
ǵ㿼˺üξţС꾫ߥ޴꾫꾫ߥǱ˰ֲ֣֪ô˷磬Ͱѵ绰ˣ˵ΪҲˣôԼ˶Ϊˣһ٣˭Լˣ֮ˬԸҸڼȡˣɶʱ
лҢǱ˰²ʧǡ
裬һӢת죬ܾͻȥˡ
֦ûֻǶлҢҪעⰲȫȻҶƵ绰

лҢָеֱΣÿڿζµ׼٣γ̻ԱˣлҢΪ˼˵еǵĸܣòγʱӳٵСʱ
ҲȥŴѧתתӢоģȥУ԰ط˿
Ԥعǰһ죬΢ţлʦ׶𣿽ȼ
лҢպֻͻһʺŹȥ
΢ŵ绰ֱӾʹ˽е㼱лʦпǾиɫҪģϷݺ٣꼻һִֵ֡еҰæϵһԱݼûʲôҪ΢ѧͿԣһꡣ
лҢסҪҪרҵԱ
ԱֵҪܸߣϲ̫ױЩݸˣĸϺһۣݼ䲻꣬˻ûɶݼԶˮⲻ˽ʣⲻ뵽ôûɶݼֳ̡
е죺ֵԹ̨ʹӦҲ⡣Ψһĵطܾݼˣû£ߵԱݼߣ΢˽һ£ܿѧᡣ
лҢ룬֮ǰڷɻϿ飬һʱ仹ͦģӦ
ĳܿ㵽ˣڳϣӵлҢ֮÷ɿٽڸлҢһ顣
ȻлҢ˳Ĭ֮С
֮ǰͬıдģҪĲһɫһŮĽɫ
һйŮѧ׶ɱΪһ¥Уÿס¥ᱻŮѧߡȫȻоӣһչ
ݵľйŮѧĽ㣬ϳȻоչ鹤Ϸ㲻϶࣬ȽܸлҢɫϷҪضˡ
ͬлҢ˵㲻̫ѹֻҪͶˡλʱϸؽ㣬װױЩҲֳֻ̡ҪסݺһޱĹˡ
лҢޱģкܶı˻
ƬֶлҢһ䣬ݵƢе㲻̫ã㵱ĵǡˣĤҿͦæһֱûȥ㡣Ĥ֮ҸоʺһЩϷû̫ױϵĺܶ覴öڲסҪĤҾԼٳһš
УлƿҰҪҩķ㣬ȥҽݿܲ򵽡򲻵ĻҹҪعˣع֮ãǡӦòǧǮĻƱɡ
ϲ⣬ͬлҢ˵л¹ܽܲǶһȥѪƴ
һ㡯˲˵ľ˲١
鵼һĴ󺺣ͦڣԼ
ԼлҢֻ̧ͷһۣһֵءȻʹļз˾籾лҢҪԵһҳָлҢôݣʲôĸ飬Ҷעˣһ¡
лҢӹǾ籾ϸµɨһ飬ϵһ·ϸĹ±ԺԶֳɽмһЩˡ
Ժдһÿһôݣÿһ̨ʸô˵ÿһô֮лҢ³һ׼ˣԿʼ𣿡
Լüͷû˵ʲôֱһ㶼ס
˭Ϸ֮ǰĥĥ
ϷлҢ˵ȫһȫµ飬е˷ܣеţֽĺлҢϵıͱˡ
Цһ߽Լ΢΢ǰ㣬ϴȻЦ⣬ĿȴһƬ䡣
Ľͣ׶أǲʵôͣˣҾܻôҵѾ˸ʬ棬ˣҵָܹôҸĸڵһؼңˣҾܻȥͬһ
òȻ˵˵ıؾ֮·ܺãɣҲܿЦȻ˵˵ıؾ֮·Ҿǰ·
лҢĿеԹԼݶһлҢ֣װҪԼݲӵӣŵԼݲغαϣ뺰ͣͼлҢջ֣Цӯӯվһߣ֮ǰǡģˡ
վһԵԭȻлҢݵòãͰæ˵˵ûԲû뵽лҢôһϲ
лҢոյıݲθл΢Щ覴ãлҢȫǰⶼ⡣
ԼЩع˵йĹޱ飬˭ǷüӢݣеŮ󶼸ˣʵǣݸá
һʮּ򵥵ڣݳ**ĸоظоԼһƺֹͣˣܴңһܹڡ
Ƕ߿롣طҪģ֮ܶطҪġŶʥĸǣĹҵͷ
лҢǰһ뻹ֻ΢Щޱ߷ĵһͱǷһ˼Զ
Щϲʣ֮ǰѧݣ
ѧǿӵʱϲģ£ежӹģµ磬־綼ģ£Ƭвкֵܶľô֮ǰģ¹һЩ־Ͳˡ
ЩĽ㻹츳ˣҼǵ֮ǰ˼γ̵ʱ˵㻹ڶУ㽫ʲô㣿ǴѧӢȻһֱӢѵ
лҢҡͷӢһߣҸӢѵһȤһΪ׬ǮǶЩӢຣеĿϰѧӢǲܵģ´ѧʱⶼķˡ
һƣ㿴ҪҪѧӰϷʲôģ׬ǮɱӢѵ׬Ǯˡ
лҢҡͷ
Ҫɹ¹أҪ˷ĵسޣԱȻջٵĺҪЩǷĵģЩǿѡ
δְҵ滮һҪЩҪˡ
˼ȥлҢԸѧҽѧҩȽϺʡ
һֱ벡ħսϣǲħսʤ˲ˣǲҲûɻˣҽǰⳡлʤģǲսʤ˲ħõٷĵĳޡ
лҢö󣬻شҴȥѧҽҩ
һʼδĻش
ԸлҢûֿ滮ȰɵĹϵֻ˳лҢĻ˵ѧҽҩҲͦõģҽҩҵ׬ǮĺܡҪˣܹ𡣡
֮ǰõǸĤӣĤҪܹʵԻŮԵĹ񳱣֪ΪˮסлƤڶͷʹҪǴҩױҵǸĤܸơʱ򷢴˿ɱǴϽң
лҢ룬˵Ҳһ˼·ĬĬĵ׼
óɽҽһɵҽʦ֮ͬҲ֪Ĳ˶ҽϿɶòƸߡ
ϸһ£ҽϵһķ
лҢԸδ˾֪ǣھҽϾһ޿ӡ
ԼͻȻ˸ľ籾뷨ŶӣҲ˶˰ļ١
лҢշת׶еĸݳƷ꣬ҪлҢڿҩױʱЩõױƷͬлҢ˵һͨһ䣬ЧеģûǸĤá
лҢЦЦӦȻЩƷֻĤȴβĹЧЩƷ䷽㲻Ҳ϶ЩĤ䷽ʵϣĤǸԼõģЧãЩƷзŶεסߣ߾ܵضѣԿ϶ϴۿۡ
ЩƷзŶҵһʮһ˵Ƥ̥ǵ䷽ҲԲͽǸ䷽ֱõƷУȻĻ߶ʮһ̥ˣ֮˭ΪЩƷ򵥣
ü䷽סߣ߳ͷϵƷѣǵӪ֮˼ѵͿӢѵҲһĵҶæ׬ߵǮȴԼְҵԼġ

ԼǵϸĻظתлҢ˵ɫͶлҢˣһʵһЩϷݡ
лҢ䣬һȫµľ籾ܿлҢС
лҢԣһжġ
λԼҲһţ֪ҵһйĺɴȹǺɴȹлҢװ
лҢķʱƫףһ춼ԼõЩҩ裬Խİͨ͸ԭȴڵһЩ覴Ҳõ˼ĵɴȹϣԭЩʣһˡ
Լݵ뷨лҢҪһʽģлҢϼչֶȻлҢͷޣһֱҩĤһѧڹȥͷҲֻĳȣҪ̸ʽͷǲܵġ
ױʦһлҢһƫǱҵľϸӽѧһЩ
Ϊͬ鷽˵лҢڹ£׶̫ͣʱ䣬ټлҢԭǲһǮʹԼлҢϷ֮ڡ
ޣǸлҢ㹻NGռġ
ȻлҢıЩޣȥտʼıЩɬλȲ̫˳֮⣬֮ıݾͷ·ǿ˹һܶԼȥĶȶָʾ֭ĶҪУһ֡ӦĴ
õԼϲǣлҢֺܾܶԱȽųġϷòһ㶼ָߣʮ׸ߵĸ¥ֱӵϷְܶҵԱԸӣΪ׹Ĺʵ̫ѱˣ߶ԱɺܴĸţݼپտԱ־ͷҲһͨΪηıܡ
лҢϣԼûпʣǣԼܾлҢִʮ׸ߵĸ¥ֱӳĸоƮɣ鶼λ޿ޣѶȵľͷһлҢͳҲûжٵϷɱʱԼоԱһٿϵ»
ѵɱ粻ӦǱƸܸߵ
ôָĿͣ
лҢΪǵԼϷ٣ֵģڿмȵĹУһӢŮԱͬ˵ԼԼͣݼĺܺáȤһ𣿡
лҢͳֻ㿪Լעûõ飬ŮԱ˻ע
ŮԱлҢҳУľлҢǰòpoȥƬվһӢĵĻ᳡УǴĻ档
Ŷ֮ǰǸʲôȥˣ⿴ҲʲôӰӽİ佱ֳŮԱЩʡ
лҢش͵㿪лҢĹעԼ˿ⱲӶһܽӴ
ŴѧУ
ŴѧӢоΡ
ӢӢЭϯ
OMGôЩʶѧʱԵĺܶԾģѣЩ˻㷢ͼˣ㵽ʲôݣѵԱôЩн
лҢһŮָǸ֣һʱûǸ˭ϸǸ˵ͷ֮󣬲뵽ֵİ̫̫ݡӢӢЭϯ
ǽŴѧӢоĵĺоԱƬ֮ǰμӽŴѧӢоʱĵġ˵ˡҼӢЭᣬҴӦˡ
ŮԱӵؿһлҢеᣬҵҪܿϽŴѧͲϷˡҵǵһ͡
лҢӢĿǰʽʮֳϿҵ˵ԱҲͦõģ׬ö࣬𣿡
ŮԱԽˣΪйҵĹڶǹҵĹһΪԱǹңԱȻҲǲǹҵԱһǸ֪жԱȥǹǮ𣿿ϧǹҵӰӾгЩԱӭϲ׵ԱҳһŶףһȥǹҵӰȦǮ
лҢ룬⵹Ҳǡ
ҪǹϵҵֵܵһǵҵֵԽߣ׬ǮͻԽ࣬ȻҲô˼ͷ뵱ǣǾȥ죬ΪֶΡ

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лҢڷɻ˽ʮСʱPPTȷɻŸ̺ǳһ
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лҢ߳վ¥˵׬ȡվδüƱºĵ绰ʹ˽
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лҢ˿ŵĴСҸԼֵһЩҲͦãȻӦλº˹ȥ
ڸվԵǰͿ˽Сʱº硣͵ظлҢǰڷżݺƷˣջعͳԸģӢԵĲ𣿡
Сôܵˣʲô£лҢͷʡ
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ȻǵҪѧ˼ͿӢʽ߼ǵѧϰƻһģһǵʦĳ򣬼հᣬUIЩǵĻϽ΢Щǹ˾ռ֤ݣ˾Ѿʼߣ߷̡⡭
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лҢͷʾԼ֪šüͷʦŶзЩAPPسÿ˼ӣšüͷͻȻɿ
õģЩAPPӰ첻ǡѧƷǽAIϵͳͬʱģûнУAIϵͳֻһܳ򣬲ѧ֡
ŶӵĲƷûԣҪ뾾סһЩӣǼֱë׾١
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Ҫѵ߲ʱʱ̸̿ԼĽѧݣǾ͵һ峯ȥںԣ˸ģƬϸѧᣬй֮ȴйͲô˵ˣ߶߶һѣй˿ܶһ䡣
ھӢѵʦ⣬α϶Ƶ⡣
˼к˭áHow-are-you
شHow-are-youĴ𰸾һǡI-am-fihanks.\
ŶһɧлҢҲ˲ϡǰˣڵֻ롮ԹԹг𱨳𡯡
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2019ˣӢ÷˵ɱڽ̣˶glish
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⣬ƵصCѡĵʣCѡƴ𰸣ѡ񡣡
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ĵĿ꣬ѡһ£ԸĴŹǷӦҾͦӦĸѡҲ໥ӦˡǾѡĵɣǶһ´𰸡
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΢ҲСϷǵùעŶ
лҢһ˽΢ЩΪرעյʾȻ㿪ʼ߳Թϱ߿ֱ߽ͼлҢСƵ¼ʱЩ΢Ѿתǧˡ
¼õƵϴ΢УлҢҵʦ΢磬û뵽΢Ա͸Ϣ
ڸղŷݡ@ʦɾڣ˺@лҢѱֹͣ3졣ͨߴַܻظԼΧڷݣ벩ƻ
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ˣֱӽλͼҵ΢ϣؿ磬
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ĿǰѾ@ʦڣӭ΢ѽͼʦŶнʦ΢ݣ߼ЩǷ綾Ӣѧϰ۾ܾѧϰϣܾ·
΢֮лҢ˸֮㿪ֱпΡ

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Ҫ֪ʦãһǰţǰ飬ǰ΢ϷԸ֪ܽʶ
ţ˵Լǹ˼ĵһˣ˼ٷоԱԭ˼ٷתͷͽвõлҢ˽ȥ
˺ܶ˼һʱĳ飬Щ鶼ѾΪ飬ӡ
ÿ춼΢ϷӢѧϰ֪ʶȻлҢԡءҵķʽܽĲϣҪǣԸûȥлҢ粵
ʦˣлҢֱӸĿڱҲҪĿڱŶнʦĿڱҪ塣
һһŤʦԸڰͷȻлҢдһ˼̡̳
ȥȥҪҵһЩ©лҢ֣лҢдЩ̳Ͻ˾
ʱѧĹ΢Ҳҳ߲Լ֤ϣʦӢﱸŶ˳ϡ
Ӣﱸšĺܶʦʵڳܲסѹˣ׷׵ݽǳʣͶ·ʦηС
ʦ΢΢ϹȻлҢ֪Ϊٵٸ˵ҵ֪ΪΪٸͥǺȺֻ֮ҪĸҵĸҵҪȷѪ꣡
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ҵΪǷĳЩʦţⲢҪǵķΧ֮ڡϣʦܾڽСڿγ̣ѧͬʱҲϣ˵ΪڷɺķΧ֮ڣֶΣָϮȨжԾ
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һֱνºʱлҢ˵绰Ң˵ЩӢﱸŵʦнҵ˼ǣʵؼֻҪ·ö䣬ȫЩʦȥֻҪٸݵɸ˾Ϳԡأ
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Щû˿ѧҲͨһ£˵˾ģγʱֹͣԸ˿⳥ͬͬ⡣
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ֻҢŮո˵׷ż̵ôˣҪǼǣҢŮῴͬѵǰʦô֧ҢŮģܽһ仰ʦн죬Ǿʳȡ
Ҳ˿ʼѵȶǷܵȻ˶ѵʦ
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Ҳ˿ѧ˿Ƽ
һé®Ľ˾ƾǱĴĥAIģʽԼ񱦼񵽵ĳǿڿʦܽҵһѵ壬òƲѣʵȴ졣
ʦӢﱸŵĹʦǫ̂Ҳûʦѹʦô
ٿţ˶˵ʦ۹ã֪˶֪˼ѵ뿼ӢҲܵʮǿҵĳֻǰֺӦԲԣʱͬѧ˺˹ϵѧעϽŸϽ½ϣǿס档
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һһѽѧƵ˾˵ǰѧҲΪȫĻ⡣
ѧŵܼѵã˳ˮ۵ؽѧȫAIƷһ飬һǸıAPPһK12۶зӢAPPǿӢѧϰƻ˼ѧϰƻ
ѧ²ŵҲɶ緢Ƹ棺
ƸƸ˾ҵģƸ˼иʦʮλӢиʦʮλӢררˡCATTIиGREGAMTȽиʦʮλƸҪ£Сǿ콫ҵ
ȿƸϢĲǱˣʦ
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ѧһֱͶԱƸȣһֱǿAIĺģʽҰʵڰڵϣѧԲὫԼڡ˼롮ӢУ¶һӢѵ˵ܵг㹻
Ϊ˴´ºļƻܻȥ˽˳ºĸ׳ȻԽƶԼĲ²ˡ
丸ӣ³º˵㣬ǷϵĿȾ꣬Ҳ϶ег
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ƵĤҪһЩԣƵĤǸë׳ëкǿЧǳϲܲҲԤޣˣע΢Ѿ΢FacebookϹעˣǵûطһ£
Ĥֲʲô£лҢûôǾʹӦ
ʱͨȫӢݽᴨʡʡѡԱҲѾ˳лҢյʼҪڴϵ׶ȥ׶ѧμӼѵΪ·ݵĹ׼
лҢʱ䣬ǰԼƵοʦһٶţȻֵ¼سʮеĽϵͳУ¼Լĵ
źЩлҢֽѧĺ̨Ӣֱεʱһ£ѹÿһڿΣ˳ŽЩֱƥѧϰƻҲУһ顣
µģлҢͷ۵⡣
ȥ׶ѧμӼѵʱЩеÿֱο϶ͣһʱͻô죿
ίٷʼ˵ͳһʳޣһŵסһᣬֱʱ᲻Ӱ쵽Ϣʱ᲻ŵ
лҪ˵ҲΪʱͻԲȷҲôҵ̫áл2019-11-161532332019-11-17170137ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ
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26 ڶʮվ
سҩĹ˾ЪҵǰлҢȥҩĹ˾һҩģ϶ҽѧ鼮
ҪĤƺúлҢ΢ţ磬ʹ׶˸سǣлҢһĤ
Ϊ˱ЯлҢװ«ϹӸװЩĤ

һ귢̫飬֦лҢлҡлҢѧϮѧԣƾԼ汾ת˵һ򡭡ĸŮʱڸп
лҢ֦ӣͻȻ裬Ҿȥ׶μӼѵˣҿʮһͦãҪҪȥҳһۣ
֦һ£ת۾ͷӦ죬ôټҶ㣿
Ҫɶ㻹ȥ׶
лҢ֦ĸ첲裬֧ģ㲻̫ںҵĸܡοҾóͦõģܰ˿ǷĶֲӦԼȥ׶ѵٵһ¡ӦԼ
лҢ̧ͷ״裬Ҳڵһ֤ͬˣһܻٷԡ
֦лҢԴ̫ࡣ
ĸŮسûʲôݣӴһ壬һֱڼлҢЩҽѧ˿ݷĽֹʱ䣬ֻܵȿݻָ֮գ֦뾡취лҢóԵģȻڲҹάٶٺڰлҢԳʳ֢
壬лҢͽֱˣֻ֦ϸ֦ƾԼľdiyһǴ׼Ϊǿ
ɽǧʱлҢȻʱ䶼ɽ֮УҲбﲻסʱ
ÿﲻסʱлҢͻȥһЩɡѧաʵ͵ʦ
лҢ˼úܣΪ͵ʱȥЩСС͵ʦΪߵʱȥЩŴ͵ʦӲԼΣ֮
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ʳ֮һǡڵ˵ǧǧ򣬵ڴʳ֮һıԵǰΪҲǸ
ʳڵţҲǸ۷ʿ
ʳڵзڡͣʿǴʳ֮һıԵǺܿܵõͻͽĳɳ
ʳڳǡʳס֮⣬ҲûʲôʳϼǵĶ󣬵ֲʲôһʿԳҲûʲôȤʶʳڲڡƶصס̻롮
ʳڵʿζ뵽лҢʿȻǵ֮ʳס
ʿµǵϰӰõʿ
лҢȡǡʳסͬ̽ȡʳסӡã赹ԵʱʳڵŲŷԼ֮͵Ĺˡ
ʳڵѲ˵һ·׷ɱлҢлҢ顯ԸһʱղסֿƲסʳ׷ԲԵŸӲʮǧ֮ң˦ŭڵţһʳסӡ档
ʳ⽻ڶ࣬лҢʳڵ𵤸߽׵ʿԪӤʿԸתͷֲؽɽУһԼΪһĥǡʳסֲʳһֻѷζ㡣
ϰĳգû츳ҲܰԸһûиˡ
лҢֱҲɽйõĵϣֻܽԼҳĸֵ϶һ飬ҽŵġʹ֮ζƷȣȻ
ѹһлҢ̲סпһڿƼķʳʿѵıǻ򣬶ִƼֶĻҪƿغû׾١
˹лҢһʱЩռִӱһЩʳģ˼زĺһϺ
ըϺų֦лҢĶˡ
Ң͵ȥ׶Щ·ϴţ׶Ǳ߲سǣǱߵĶ󣬿˵綼ܰ˵ˣ˵Ӥͣ㵽Ǳ֮ǵɲԼƤþͲСıɸԭ죬ŪɶأŻͦġ
ΧΧȹлҢִϺѲ˷ŵϣҴ˵ף˼ˡ裬ȥõļóȥϴ֣ҵա
֦͵֣ȥϴ֮󣬾Ȼ͸СŮһһֻϺȥϺһҧ˾ͱζˡ
һ֦Լٶȴӳó˿ӣȻַ֮ƽϵв˶һ飬óһޱȴԼĽ
Щ˾㣬ҲԼƴҪá
ŬҪѧóգԼҹŮóԵĶɻȲлҢϵĲĲˡ
֦ŮʿϵЦݣлҢҲſһҢҪ֮㺮ٵʱֵһ¼񣿱Ĳãѷ˾УϴԣҲϴֻҪͿԡ
лҢаɡ
֦֤֦֮ͬٷҲûˡ

³лҢңϸǡ
ѧı֮лҢһίŵ˼ᣬƵԱһƵ꣬һµĶ
ѵʼǰίԸʡݵѧ֯һѵǰ飬صѧһݽҡ
ίѵʦѧ͵Ͻڣ˲һǻԲ׶ǻͷ׵үүǾ̡
лҢ켣һȺʹѧ֮䣬̯һʼǱһ֧ʣԹԵصֻ̨˿
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ڵһŵһȺͷ׵ͷ̫̫ҲˢˢŤͷ
лҢһ£վҾǣôˣ
۾һϽӽ̨һлҢһ˵СлʦôڽһŲӦĵط
ίҲǰڻע⵽֣˵ӢˮƽڽŴѧôϷݽģ㻹ѧиʲôԴС۸Щѧô
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лҢӲק˵һţһ̫̫ǰ
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лҢ֮ǰд
лҢӿڴʣ৵дֻظǸлл⣬ҴѧѧӢˡ
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лҢø͵ش𣬡ҽϡ
̫̫ɫ˲ͱˣüȸӵлҢһۣлҢĸоǣ̫̫·ڿʧŮ
лҪ˵Ӧûһ£԰꣡
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лӪҺСʹѩ10ƿ



27 ڶʮվ
еǡǿǿҶȫӢݽ൱ӣʦǽ˵Ͻڣ¹۹ʵԹӲΨһĲ֮Щ˴඼ͽϴ󣬾ϡ
ίԭȴЩԸʡе갲һʦʦЩѧѡ˭ʦã
ʦɲǵίԱģûشЩѧǵ⣬ҲüʱЩѧǵⲢо
ӢݽĿɲݽߵӢˮƽݽߵĸ֡߼Լȵȣһʦ治ҽ̡
ڹίΪѡٳٵòʵͷöʱ˴Ӳ߻ҵˡȺлҢ
˵㶼ǱŴѧӢоĹٷƸõĺоԱˣμݽʲô˼
һСĿ
ί˶лҢΪʮֲݣǴһлҢ֡ԴСΪתһ룬лҢˣҵ̲ô
ҪۿȣлҢӢĿǼֱаٱ䡣˵Ӣʱ򣬼ֱߵBBC˵ʱ򣬾ͱߵģ֮ǰ˼ֱģ¹ӡȿǿζĿֱòٴ
ӢоϵĽȿȣлҢһ˿ԵǰһȺͷ̫̫Щͷֻ̫̫ǸоճбϾӢˮƽ֮Ȼǽ˻ģο۷ˮƽǶһлҢĿ
Ҫ߼Ӣ߼Ȼ𣬺ܶglish߼˿Ǹͨģй˾ǾԸĺеǰͨޱȣлҢڽ˼дʱһֱǿ߼Ҫԣ˼ﻹ˼дᵽЩ߼㡯ǱŹٷϿɵġ
˵лҢ̣лҢһѵʦǶûʲô⡣
ֻίῼǵлҢͣԼĲкܶǴѧûóóȻؽлҢ
˵̱ȵѵʦۡ
ѵ̵ĴʦͬлҢ˵Слʦ̵Ĺͽˣ߻רʽ㷢Ųͬʱѵ֮ҲһŽٷ֤Ӣѵ֤鷢ŵУ㿴ô
лҢ˵˼һб飬ʱܲǺܳԣ
ѵڼ仹бİţðһôķİţǸʵѾ²µˡ
лҢҲûѣӢֱΡȽϹעҽڶ̬ĻӦ֪ѧһֱΣΪĸ£ÿ춼ֱΣԣҿ޷ʤ
лҢ֮ǰѾôˣ缯ѵɻʱ䣬ͻؾƵֱθˣȻ󻹵üPPTȣʱ顣
ѵǴʦԭͦãлҢһܾĻᣬȻлҢ۶ûգһ¾;ܾˣһʱԴˡ
СлʦʵҲرʱ䣬ҪǸѵĴԼӢӢˮƽ㹻ڽӢﲿֵʱǲùģֻҪڽݽԼݽ۵۵ʱͺá
ÿĵСʱʱӢγ̣ʱﰲ飬ÿһСʱѧɽԼֳݽĻڣҪʦʦʵڸϣܲܡǸרҲһСʱһ
лҢһ۸ʮûڲٵĴӦ
һСʱһ
سһƽ׹Ԣˣ
Ϊ˱ʾԼĳ⣬ίỹлҢ׶ѧһ칫ңֻ˼ԭеİ칫Ҷ֮أлҢʱƸõ˿ڣֻͼݽһңΨһȨǣлҢڵӣҲ˿š

ʱˮ㲻ˡ
ѵҪʱͻȻָлҢƵ绰
ʱлҢֱΣĵ绰պҪ֪ʶѾ꣬ѧϢӣֻߵͨƵ绰ʣι㣬ʲô¶
Щ˷ܣϽ΢Ǿڴ½ˣѡģ㿴òãоǣлĤ֮оЧرãǶ˵ҵķʺأޱĤ֮Ҳúܾϲһ˵´ҪʵĽɫһܸ㡣
ھƵꣿȥĶ𣿡
лҢӦ׶߲μһѵÿ춼ÿֱڿΣסڼѵӪǱ߸ŵԾԼס޵ĵط
ƵͷѹлҢڹһװʷ϶ȸߴٷ֮ʮ壬һŮϷǱϵңŮ֮һϷʱҿ϶ửױȥװۣ֮һϷҪԱݡ˵ԱƼֻҪݼأܿλܴڡûȤ
׼лҢߴ磬ƬǧҪǴӦ֮һϷݣǾǧһֶġҲиҪ֮ҪDIYʲôĶһʱңһ棡
лҢΪÿСʱһǧĲܺԥͷˣһǧƬ꣬Ķˡ
ټȷʵеϲϷǹ¹Ҫ׼ĻĽȥһӰѧԺ
㣬ʲôʱ֪ģһǸѧʱ̫ܲԣ
·ңҪǴӦ֮һϷݾ;ġ㲻õѹϷǸԼλ¶۽֮䲻˵
лҢɿ㣬߰·ֵڼ䣬ǸʱѧУ϶ûΣӢֱҲˣǿʱ䣡
㣬пգʲôʱԾʱ֪ͨһ¡ˣһЩ˯㣬ҪҪԣҼǵϴڷɻʱɫãȦأӦܵ˯
۾ն˵Ҫ
лҢӵĿʱѾˣصǰ׼Ҷϵ绰Ƶ绰ʣֱϿˣֱͬѧǴһк𣿡
лҢֻĻ׼Եͷͷ˵һhelloǺáȻлҢ;ֵط֣ϿõĹֱըˡ
ڲݣڲݣڲݣոҿ˭
ŮҰְȢŮˣ
ԭлʦŮĹϵôãһΪ֮ǰǰ[][]
ѵǾͲŮͬлʦӵĵ绰˵ʲôҺ˳ȥǽŰ
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лҢԸղǵȥ˵绰ȻҪֱôĶԻ֪ǣ
ոȷʵĵ绰Ϸ΢ź֮ǰ׶صʱǾպһףҾ͹ȥ侵ͷˡ
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28 ڶʮվ
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ĵСͬ˸ˣⲢζӰЩСΪķ˿ЩС˿İְ豲ƹЩ˿ľôȨ
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ȻΪʲô΢תﶼһˮġǸ΢Ѿɾ
˸лҢ֤ȥһ£Ȼ;ŵĹ϶ŵˡ
лҢʲô
ڵӢѵʦϸ߶ѾӵཫĴʻ⻹Ǻü֮ǰĲݡ
˼Ͽһ˼ϵеֱΣżߵĿڱҵ˼壬ᳫһѧϰ˽˼ٷϿɣΪ˽ŴѧӢоƸĺоԱ
˼ڽŴѧӢоĵϷһѧ棬ΪѱˣͬŴѧУӢЭн˺гѺùϵ
ڸ˼ѧӢԤԼ˼ҵһһΣ
ڿ񷢵΢߶ڶСòƺĹϵʮֲ񻹰СϷȥˣȻлҢ˵ܸףܱϵˣףҲ۵һ
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ͬǶ߶˼ǧʲԼҵĺӻһ鳮
ͬǶ߶˼ͬԼİѣԼҵĺֻ΢ǡʳԹ666
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ǵ͵ı˼ҵĺӡ
һʱ䣬֪ٺӱҳлҢ˱ȽϣȻͿʼʹ౻ѹեѧϰġ
˼ҵĴʻҲģʻﵽ˵ʮ֮һвУʮ֮һвУʻ˼ҵͷȲϣ
˼ҰǧҲ׬ǮҽУ԰У֪ѧ˼裬˼ѧ˼ѧ˼ѧ˼ǾǴд㣡Ȳ˼Ҳѧ費ǿ㣬Ͼ֣ģĲˣֻһ£մУ԰ɲ
ѧˣѧϰɣ˼Ҷܽˣֲ˼ҿ룬ðѱ˽ĶװɣѾлҢĿΡ鶼µˣӽ͸ѧѧĩһƽܹЩڣ㶼Ϣˣһ۲ܱ˼Ҳ̫డȻʱ˼סһƷֻסⷿ
˶ǾʱģڿлҢǽļ֮󣬲֪ٸͥ˺˼ɹദģʽ
һУлҢ΢пġ
΢µһ֧һ䡮ףȻ˳΢׽΢ĺ̨صʱ΢֡

ίлҢİ칫λ׶ѧͼڲлҢվͻȥп飬׶ѧĲôȤԭΪ󣬾תսȥ׶ͼͼݡ
ͼУлҢҽҩѧصףȤٴοʼԼˢġ

سʮУ߶İࡣ
лҢſѾ˽ѧˣοʦÿϿζлҢĿλҡͷ̾ؾԸԼͬɶˡ
еʦһ㶼׼̫ļڣϾѧϰɸ߶İİֱӸлҢ׼˽ѧڵļ٣úܶѧ
֮ǰθлҢ׼ϰļѾúܶۺˡ
β˽ɰڰϵĳЩѧʱ󻹿лҢһͨ
ǾлҢͬѧܹôʱļڲƽһòƽأҽ̳ѧΪʲô˼ҵĳɼӽ֣Ǿ߶ﲻܶ˻ڼߵıԵǻ
ϿֻлҢ˻ǿκֻлҢҵˣҵɱȸлҢҵѱأ
ĽлҢܹôʱļ٣Ϊ˼ΪȫӢݽĹѡ׼˼ǴȥΪģأڸ߿иԼ⣬˵
˭˵˼лҢѧϰˣ˼ѧϰǶŬ
һѧؿڣлҢȥμӹֲȥѵģȥʦġ˵ǳμӻ飬ʵȥĵӰˡʱæſֱ׬ǮûʱϿΣҪǰУУĻôĿΣӦñѧ˰ɣ
߶İİǵ͵ĻԸ֪лҢѧе㲻ҵⲢô˵лҢ
˼ҲϿҲܿ߷֣ҪܿлҢǷǾֱӰѼ뵽߿ҲҸֻҪǼҳͬУ
㻹֪лҢֱ׬Ǯ˼ҶܸѧӢˣأӢʦˣ
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Ӣʦű±߹ʣզˣžͺͳǹҩһ
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ڴѧУӻȵʱлҢУӸ˾ŷֿĸоѾһĳˡ
զǸлҢ΢أӢʦҴƳһ۰΢򣬼Էͷһź컨Ҷͼ뵽лҢ
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Ӣʦű±߹һ轾ջ裬ͷŰεֻȥôһ轾ջ
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ӢʦΣٳǾ仰˼õİһΪҪ΢лҢһͨأ
лҪ˵ôһˣҲһ½һ£첩ʿĿ⣬͵æŴӡϵ飬翪һƾ֣֮϶ʡ¡죬Ҳָôô  


29 ڶʮվ
ȻҪģֻôŹѡѧȥϤ
һг䶨ӢֱҲβ
лҢȫѧϰƻˣѧĳԱѧϰƻĺĳŻлҢʱֱ䣬صسʮС
߶İοʦԭȻлҢٰӰ쵽ĳɼɵĩɼʱЩʦûٿ
ЩˣֻҪװѧϰߵĶѧϰ
лҢžˡ
ܶʦʵڿϷ˶ߣлҢ˻ص˿УԶڿڵЩ֪ʶ֮⡣
лҢӵ㣬ǻڿϿһЩʦڵרҵ֪ʶص鼮ѧϿߵѧԴͳơϿѧȣҪлҢӣڿֱӷһҽѧǶĽζ
֮ǰΪлҢɼò˺ôһͨʦٴα̣סлҢǴѧҽ𣿡
лҢͷҡҡͷûУֻǴѧҽ
ʦˣ˰칫Ҿͺʦ²ۣǸлҢȻѧҽһֱΪѧţо仰ǽСȰѧҽȰѧǧСô
˵òȰȰһô벻ҪȥѧҽأһļûϢʱҪǵùϸҽ֣һӾͻˡѧð˶һͷһ𣬻Уʦһӡ
бۿʦ˼ѧҽѧͷǵõҽȥˣѧҽҲܱ˶һͷҲܳƽҲܻعУʦ˵ˣǺӵôԸô֣ܸȰ
ʦ˵䣬ֱ˹ȥɶ뷨㶼ţЩ˰ͲҪǮſˣֻҪĳɼҪ»ʡ״ԪУδ·ôߣԼӦÿǵ顣
߶İοʦлҢѧϰϣˡߣֻҪлҢɼ»лҢһѧڵļٶԡ

лҢԭȾҽһķ򣬿׶ѧǸѡѵ߼̫̫ظҽһôǰ;ķлҢԸҲ˲飬Ըȷʵ̫뻯ˡ
еҽϲûдﵽҪˮƽΪص㲻ȷѧԭԵЩײࡣ
ؿǣϵͳȥѧҽ
ԭôʵͬڴѧｫӢﵱҪоһɽҽ͵ѧһ׶Ȼ㹻ˣĤӣֻҪٽҽͬҽһ۽ӡ֤һͿԡ
ҽͬҽȫһͬҽһе˿Ƶ֮ɾҲǺ޹ϵġ
ҽҽܹչڣ϶ڵļֵֵȥȥо

³֦˾ģͳ˵ڶºлҢҲΪ˷ϵã˹ϵǢҲûʲôǹϵ׽һЩ
񵱳˵ҪлҢȴʷľ飬ֻһΣлҢһֱûȵ籾Ҳûʣ˭֪Ѯͽ籾лҢ˹
лҢһϵʱѾ籾꣬㽫µˡ
һɵܾ֮󣬱ıһĥպڻĹ¡
ݵͬһɫĲͬͣǸܾɵֻھеĺڰ׼ƬݵѾڻɱɱŮ
ŵݵװʱ򣬿ϧԸⶥһȥǿװΣӰƷɹΪлҢ
۹ڱñ޸ľ籾ʹɫֵ̱ǢЩŲ̫ͻأݾó˾ŶΡݡ
ŮںڻУǶšģлҢݼľͷ漰ԱȵȻɣлҢһСս
ݶѾ׼˱裬ԼڽϷĹëлҢȴһϲplus
ҲǸտʼʱЩӦ飬NG˼飬ʱѾܱ֤һˣNGΣҲΪݶϷ˳⡣
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ӱ˵ĽǶȥ˵Լ·⣬ĽǶȥľķӦһζ
ĬĬлҢ΢ţ֮кʵĻͿһлҢΪлҢԱһһץסʵ
лҢھʱȥҪĽ⣬ܶʱֵö͸ˣҲͬԼ˵仰
ϷݲҪϷݣͬǿƽʱбҪæݲܼ㣬սѮлҢȫϷݾѾɱˣһĻϷ˫ĵģŮʧ׹£еļ䶼ڵϻ˾š
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æµһ߶лҢع鵽ƽУԣ˼ѧϰƻ뿼ӢѧϰƻһֱڳΪ棬ʲôҲѾʵ˲ɣѧõķֺȻ޷ȫеһС׸Ȼ㹻лҢķ⣬ֱӽ
֦֪лҢľӣҲûǿлҢһ¼ңлҢҪһԿףÿ춼ᵽлҢæɨ˳ȱĶ
һԭǱлҢⷿӾ¼Ҳ͸ŶԶʮӾ͵֦ԭ뺰лҢȥ¼ҳԷ뵽лҢŲˮƽôҪãߵĻͱˣҢʲôʱˣһ䷹
Уǵúϳͺ硣лҢӦԣһָһܡ
֦˿
лҢ³Ųסһɢﷹٷ꣬ĸŮˡ
֦лҢʰɾлҢѾ鷿ŵ뿪ˡ
鷿شĸ֡
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ԭͥг˳׼ȷ˵ҲҲԼԭͥĸû򻵣Ѿ齨µļͥȥıߣΪ˾ˣΨһĲͬǣȥ˳¼ңջǢЩǻƺǣܻһѪս
ͷʱˣЩлҢջĿ⣬ҲջԶ˼ЦԼǵѹֲǵһһɽǧ궼һ߹ȥˣʲôӦģÿһ춼ùڰ
վһ²ӣлҢȥһƿƣЩ
Ȿµһƪ
лҪ˵һڽչһ졭˼·еңҵһһϡ  


30 ʮվ
󡯵Ĺ̾жô
˵һҪǳˣǿ϶Ǿһΰӣ£˺ܶ᲻Ķ֮ǰһ¶ʵͬʯһǧɽһУܳ
лҢȴãľڡڡһ˲䣬˾ͳˡڡ֮ǰĥѣΪʱ򡮻δ󡯡
ԼģҲ֦뿪ʼһ¸ǰźʵɫʣ֦ܽʵҷĵף֦»졯ܵĻף֦ӡ
лҢϣ֦ӵһӣһֻ֦ͳĺӣϾͳº˵Ǹո齨õļͥԭͥ
δ꣬Ѿ΢⻹δȫǣлҢǰƿջسͷ˯¡
ڶʱɢ˽ͷͱһɫƤ纳һƤСӣ˳ơͷʵɽ磬ͻһ֡ͷ
ķͣʹԼҪһ徻ĴԿյ·룬ֻʣԼĵ
һ̬ĶʵԼҲЧǲįķʽ

¶Ը߿Ѿ˾ųɾŵİգлҢûеģ¼˸е֪ʶȥʦÿ첼õҵʱ⣬Եܼļȫο鼮һĿһĿˢ˹ȥһĳ֪ʶĲ͸ͷһ飬ҽص֪ʶ㶼¸ϰ
лҢֻصѧУΨһͬģϢʱΪɣϲһʳˢ⣬ʱȥЩִҽѧ鼮ҲʱһЩҽѧ
ΪûȷԼоܹ㣬׷ŹҽѧzȫģƪԼĵط͸ݲοȥҸϸĽͣһ·ٸʵס׷Դѧϰȥ˵ƽеʵѧĶͨ͸ҲӾ塣
оһζ׷ٶȣϸļԲȶֻСʡסį˼оˣʵִδ֪֪޵еɱ䡣
֦ÿ춼лҢıвлҢÿ춼ԸЩԣ糿ĻͼЩ㣬糿һЩͺãĻһȥ¼ҳԣϣΪϰŻԣһ¶ǷѧҪôҸҪô棬Ŀյٿƪģóʵڡ
ˣЩϰ߶΢Ѿʧȥ˳ԹϵȤ
СлʦȥĶˣôþöСлʦˣ
ᣡᣡᣡСлʦ˵Слʦشɶʱ򽲸߿ӢﰡȫҶ˺üˣ
СлʦȱŽ߿ӢиӢ˽һ£ҼҪиѧϰƻһ£
ٻлҢи΢õһѵͬ
ǰʱ䣬Ϊ˼ĺˡƫ桯͵һȺѵʦѧ书Ǵѧˡ䡯ʵӵܣټ˼ٷһֱСȥɻʶ˼ϱ˿һһѡ
лҢ˼ѧϰճһڱ󷽷󵼵Ŀˮ֮УֻҪ˼ѧϰ̤̤ʵʵѧ˳ϵķ˼ٷѰĶӻ˹졯иȴ
˼иѧĴ˫ɷһ壬ѧͷǮ޶һ飬ۿſ˼ѧɹϰиĿûӰЩżˡ
ԭȻûлҢôһ˵ӭӵߡ
԰
Ǹ⣡
ôû뵽أ
лҢܽ˼ܽӢ˳ŽиҲְɣ
һȺǶصлҢȻлҢ΢Ѿˣ̬ͣʦŶ
Щиĺ̫ˣҲдֵѹƲųĳЩԼҹлҢкڣлҢѡ
#лҢȥĶˣ#
ڵĸĸֻм΢
һлҢͬͬѧѣĬĬ˰ȺʢıȻ󷢵΢
ǺСлʦڱս߿æˢأ
ԹлҢòƸˡ
ѧĹزʱѣͬлҢȡϵлҢûȤٿһиεֱ
лҢԼʱ䰲ţѳʮʱȥи֮ǰֻǼ˽иĿҪǿĻ϶˼ǿӢһ׶Ū׼̰PPTһ־͵÷ѵܶʱˣԥ£лҢѧγ̲
γ̲Щģ׷ʵСлʦܸиʦһиĿһµķ򣬾γݸôиʦԼӦѧϰƻҲһµķȽʦ֮һ˾Ϳԡ
Ҫ֣лҢ˼ӾʹӦȻ˳Ѿõ΢˷Լ˽ţһѪСлʦиˣ룬ֱ༭΢
ȷʵæΪ˸߿ҲΪĴѧѧϰоǣԿӢӦһֱγˡ
ΪʱͻиӢҲȥѧͣиƷзй¶һ£ררˡCATTIȶ￼ԵĽʦҲѾļλЩʦ൱Ľѧʦȹٷ@ѧҾͲй˹
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һ򱸿Ͻˣ⣬ҴɷġⴵëõԸƷصĻǾһܵǰ[Թ][Թ][Թ]
ѧزлҢ΢ͷųиһʮλʦԭһ߽ʦвٿϹЩʦĿΣڿЩʦٸУٿѧٷ΢ϹǷݡиѧϰƻ㡯ˡ
֮ǰЩʦһ˿Խһϵпγ̵ģѧЩʦÿ˶ֻһʱֻиеĳһͻǱؼгСʱĽ⣬ȴߴİٶҳwordɴ˿ɼγŨ˶ٵľڡ
ȻлҢȻлҢԼΪиѧϰƻЩиˡ
ѧزɶͷų˿γԤ۵ӡ
һʱ䣬иѵгľԱ֪ټѵѧ֮ǣ޲ϵһѧܲˣϧ̫ʵ
Ȼѵǵ·ѧĲƷٽԼ¿εγȥһϣ¡½ͷصڱЩɵѧŬϡ
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31 ʮһվ
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ѧ˵ڽϻϣлҢĳ·
лҢ֮ѧͬһͷͻ˳򣬻˳ιһڳЧ˷ܼ
οлҢѧĹϵδ֪ܶлҢƳ籸ģлҢЩ鼮ͷϷš
˼صһϵ鼮˵˹˼˼֪⣬뿼ӢصһͷǸӢѧϰ˸ֻҪǱͷѾеǸѡ־ӦȥˣֻܽС䡯ѡ

ܵлҢܳʼ΢Ϸ
ˢʮס߿ģԾܽһ͡״Լ˼·շ΢ȥ
ϻȥһƪر˼ҽѧģͽԸıʼǷ΢ȥ
˽Ӣص⣬ҪǾлشıҪҲظһ£Ȼͼѡ
ؼģÿ÷֮һžµʳͼƬҹŶ΢ѡ
лҢѧصסĵطѾʮˣ÷ʮһӣʱǾۼҹԹҹпʱлҢʱҹŶÿŵĶһҹµһֱ
ӵ˿ÿ΢֮󣬶ڶʱӿֳۣһȺʾǡʣлҢﶼ᲻һˬ
ϰ΢ʵлҢ·ҵһȤÿ춼ִ˲ƣЩЩ飬ѹ󵽼ϢĸδκεĲʣЩȴĳЩ˵Ľ

ƺһУٳ
¡̫ǿЩʢԹԵش˺ѣѵ֮󣬴㿪ʼѵ
ȴסˡ
ǽſı֣üͷšһوʿޣλЩǲǳˣ
ȿ޷ϣǽץ޵ʳָָ֮һȦѬƵĺۼͷسޣ֪֪ڵ״̬Σգ
ĻγɼУֻҪߣܹнڵһѧԭҾ츳ҲԸŬһڵ̫ʧˡԱԸʶ顣䣬𣿡
һﾶ˶Ա˵λǰϵļٺãλϣҲǸӣôؼĽڹϣȻҳ̣㲻᲻̶֪ԷλӰ죬˵ʲôԭǲ㲻ˣ
ûпͷ̷ϻʱĺ顣
ǽһɥҪı飬ЩѱӸᣬܸܲһɵӣоͱֵ£Ӹһ߶ٵϵı仯̫ˣ
һʱȻе㲻ŵܲȰģ˶ܳ˿ۣûԹܲʱȫڷ⣬϶Һͱ˵ܲĹĿģܹܲǷգܸһӾϵ
˸߶տʼ״ֱ̬ӾͱˣȻѵŬҿܲȰˣܲĸƺ˽ϾܲϾʱϾԼϾҲ˵״̬ã״̬δЩ̫ˣ㲻ãص£ܲĸ
˸֮ԭЩŵѧ׷ӣŬΪԼδעأ㷭Ըѵ¼ۡʱڵٶڸһһѵľ˲ޣң㵽ôˣҪ㲻˲ѵˣд룬ȥú׼ĻΣس·ˣ
ڵ״̬ƾнЩһУҲֻܼ˲ֱΪ׵Ĵڣ˼ôҪǲȰȰܲˣͻؽȥúøϰĻΣȡƾĻοϱƣ
޶Žżֱÿ˰ΣͻȻͷãд롣
ֵǽסˡ
ͬ˵üѿ޵Ѫȼ޵Ķ־ô·ƣ
ҪڣǽϽסޣ󺰵ѣⲻǷʱ㶼Ϊ׼룬ʣĸ²ժˣ˵ҪĵùԼ𣿡
ң㵽ʲôˣ˵һ취ǵκ⣬ң
Цһܽô
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Ϳ߷ܿͽٳϵ˹Ǹƽʱ޹ϵõˣʣ¹Ϳ޹ϵã˵Ͼʲôˣôö˶һˣͻȻͱǷ
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ʶԣɫ˲ͱˡ
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ϽϰѧУڵʦרҵѵӵ˶ˡ
ضȽǡжжɱ򡣡
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Слʦãķ˿ʵһеʦһŬѧһϲŮͬѧɺŮͬѧˣѧһֱû߳Ѿȥһʱ䡣ѧѾȷΪضȽǡжԼжȵɱСлʦʣûʲô취
лҢеɵۣôѧӢ⣬ôҲ⣬ô⣿
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лҢ룬ػظǸҲû̫ĸ龭ָܣҲ޷ʵеظ顣ϣ鷳ҪѴ仰αΪһȥ˵˼䲻ֵã˼ԶֵãǸ˲ֵá
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32 ʮվ
һӢﲩȴĪصеʦһ֮лҢеЦֻڼˡ֢֡
ֶ˵̫Ϥ˰ٿƵĴ¼֮˼۳һ¹ţҲ
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һλִ־̳ʢ֮࣬ҽ£ҽ֮Ȱ˵˲򣬳ѳħΪħһħޣ¾ʿǧ
һλŮ˱ڶ־֮࣬ĥѣҽ£ҽ֮Ȱ˵˲򣬰ɽУΪгʱǸȫңţǧʱնΪԼ֮ǰΪ

̫ˣվлҢĽǶȥҽʵֻһ£粻֮Щ־֧֮ȥݺݷйһͷЩԹȫһγľ
еƫͷʬɱȫңЧеġ
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лҢŽҵ˲֢ߵĻȻ΢ԡΪؼһʵʱ̬ഥĿġ
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лҢ룬һ̫ˡ
ֽǸѵ˽򿪣ÿֶͷβ飬εؽĻصڵˮƽκκЧĽ飬ҪҲ㹻֪ʶ֮

ֵ֢е䣬лҢһˮ裬Ϣһصоû뵽һ΢ź˽ӵĻѧĹš
ΪѧϰƻĹ⣬лҢûôԥͨ˺룬ȻǱ߷һ̵Ļˡ
лҢĵһӦǡôڶң
ͬ޷ֵʱ򣬿ûһ£ѵúܣô˵ˣ
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лҢһ䡮ȥҽͻȻ΢˽ţȻɵˣ΢˽˵ѧǿްɣÿǰŮѣǡ
ԼǸ˼ֵõֵáˣ
лҢоԼе㿨ˡ
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֪Һ޸㲻ͬһˮƽģ޸һֱ˵αװ̫ã㵽Ȧһ棬㿴ҲġҺ޸ûУ֪֮еġ
Щ飬˵еͻ޸粻һ֪һ˵ΪҺ޸ѣԼԸ˵˵ҾñȣҾһЩٶ۵ģԺܶķӦһġĵġ
ͬǷ֣Щ˿ܸտʼʱѹѣҲЩǻڷֵһ˼άͣ٣ֱܾúܾãܷӦȻշת࣬ҹߣ޸ˡ
һֱڹעж̬ѧпγ̣ѧˣ΢Ϸÿһ̬ӡƬ˼
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޸Ӣﲻãһֱˢ㽲Ǹ˼γֱ̣һڲ֮¼һһػطţipadϵϷѾȫжصֻǸѧϰƻAPPһʱ
޸Ӣˮƽ֪ģѧϰƻѵһ˼ɼ7.5֪ɼ˵Ǹֵһģֲ˵ɼѾʮѵˡ
лҢ̳վһѧĽǶһӢ￼Գɼֻʮֲѧ˼7.5֣ĺܲס޸˵ܿƵúܺãվѵĽǶϣҲϣ̾ƷĳɼƾнһʮֲĴѧǰ̲Ӧþٵ
лҢһktv裬޸㲻֪ĵط㵲ܶ죬߹ܶδķϣ޸һ棬в˵仰߳㲻ֲĻһͨѣ𣿡
Ҫٷ顣ȥҾĿܻĳһѰ
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¹û뵽лҢô׾ʹӦЩֶܿЩ߳ܣƺоԺ
лҢ
У͹ȥ֮΢źϵ
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ҪѰһһģлҢԼȥĹȥš
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һߣ򶨼֮˯ŵĿҲʶģ䣬·˵һ䡮лҢ
һ˲䣬ϣ˾ͷ·˷һٶҵţŰֶˣŵץȻͿһʿСƳ˽ӴСӣˣóҩˣ
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33 ʮվ
лҢ˸ƺǣԼȥҽԺ̫ãڿҽԺĳһƺоԺ
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ôһȺ޲ĺ֮䣬ǻ򶨵ı־һֻСļ
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ˮڴͷϣлҢͷһƽϵݣ˼ѧϰƻipad࿴˼ۡ
˼ѧϰƻѧϰʱ䡢ѧϰЧʵȼ¼ģ㿪¼֮һݶÿӻ
¹ûƭȷʵһֱ˼ѧϰƻлҢܹؿ޵һβĳɼֻж壬ȳˮƽҪ΢һЩˮƽѾ޽ӽڰˡ
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¹Һ̸̸ҲﵽôġޣҲ˼ôģôͬ˵˵ڻˡԻӦĻǲ˵ķϣҶ̡
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ΪʲôҪ֣ΪҲ̸ˣңҾǴû̸֮Ĺϵǰݰӵֵܣ㲻ҲôΪôڲٳϣҲôͬ˵ģô
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ֱлҢʣ㸸ĸĻ԰鳹ʧ𣿡
лҢ˵ǣֻԼ˶ѡûһ𰸻ÿ޸һЩͷûҰ趼Ѿ齨˼ͥǵĻӰҲ˳ӰҷѾǴҵӰҵԼҪһҲͦõģΪʲôҪ˴һأ
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лҢЦһն˵ڵ㣬һ㶼ϲϴǸԭͥе˵ˣЩ͵ʣڣϻ𣿡
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յһԭͥҵǶʱųϼܲӣָ߳ԭͥľ졣ڵ㣬Ѿǵҵĵطĥˡ
ޣҪףΪ˭ŵģѡӦԼȻԼҪӣܽһɢܱԡˡһװ˼ڲϣ˼ӦڲٳϻˮȥΪ߿̣Ϊ
¹˵һֱûзң˵ΪҶģ˵㻹жɱҺܺ¡ʲôûȴܱһڱԼķʽ𣿻ҽƣһһתβʱ䣬ϣܺú룬ߵ·ι滮ȻȥŬȥܡ
˵е˽ģϣϲǸˣܹվĿ콱̨ϣŻ۹ƣӣҾãϲˣʲôʱϵЩʶΪҵľ졣
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лҢվ̸ⶼûκ壬ô㣬㶼㡣⣬Ȼҵ˼ֱΣӦüǵãֱνβʱ˵һ仰пΪһˡ仰͸㡣
绹ҪϻسǣͲˣףտ⣬һرϲĻȰԼٰˡ
㣬ޡ

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һ죬Ĳس£ĸĸԽޣЩƽʱֶѧԿʼǽ֪ˡնݳлҢּӴԼˢȣվøһڡ
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У㣬һѧУأҪʲôҪϵ飬ֱ΢ŸҷϢУҶܿˣǱҶŵɣҪǰõ籾÷ҿһҲСûٸøʲôȥأҪϷĵĻܸžȥͬľתƣպôʱ䡣
չҶϵ绰ؾͲ֪ð˳лҢļʣҢѧҸո绰˵Ϸ飬δʲôϷĻӢ磿ֶô
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лҢô˵Ͻȥ顶Χ桷ְԱΧİʱϸϸ˺ü飬ŽְԱָлҢ㰡ΧԱлDѽֺѶĸŮǵ֣ôôүǶ
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Χ桷ǹƵһŮ־磬صīںΧ빬֮ڹŮԵǻۣڵ͵ġŮϷݡ
ΪⲿΧ桷ĽɫȦڶһֻӳȵԤƬлҢһͷûУز֪ҲϾлҢֲ·ֻ棬˳ŷֵ֮һƬꡣ

ԽԽ֣ѧ¥ʱʱܴҭغسȥΣصҺ̲סͬлҢ˵ЩѧǱ߿Ƴ˰ɣȻôô׾Ϳˣոȥʱԭĵģһֱ۵һ¿˳ЩҸ
лҢһݸأ˵йѹ赼£ն࿴赼ʱ赼ǧҲЩһͻȻ۵һ¿޳°Ҹŵ
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лҢ̧ͷĿŵµش飬״̬ܺãõģҽ㻹Ƕ࿴飬ٰԣٳԹϡ߿ֻʣܵʱ䣬һܻһʱ䶼ڼ룬ʱ仹ж٣㻹жپû֪ʶûϰٴûعˣٴԶ࿴飬Ҫôϲԣѧýѧȥߡ
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˵İİ༶ȺһʦģһȫѧģһǳȥлҢȫѧģٳЩģϴȺ⣬жСȺδ֪
лҢΪеȺϢţᵽ@ŻȺһۡ
ȦӲͬǿڡ
޷ЩͬѧȦЩͬѧҲ޷ѧԱȺȫӢݽѵٷȺԼȥǸ˹ӰȦڰǴ΢Ⱥ
ұŲͬĿȥͲͬһάȣύǶ٣ʲôأ
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Ҫ˵֮ǰܿ¿ʲôǾǵҲ΢ֳһ˼ǳɼһݲοȥԤ
߿ϢһܲлҢͽӵľ籾ԼתԾ룬ǾֽСҺΡ
һŮӱϵսУ̧ͥسɵĹ£ⷲŮ۶սȴֻ֪սеһƷսΪֿʾʸ־ּ佫̨ǵϵһҳһ컯ŪˣŮӾȻڱ̧ͥʱε˽ᷢһУȻʼΪԼı˼
лҢ濴籾һƿƣ֮һͷ·ŮӵΪӮһһ顣

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һ**ԱȽϸߵĿ档
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лҢùǵӿһָۣŵһʣⲻǻױʦô֮ǰĤͺ񿴵Ũһ޲ðҸ̻ˣôҲҪĤˣ
͡һЦԸúܣЩǵ͵ĳɷֵϸרҵ˶ʿҵܶƲƷﶼ
Щ˵ðĤ֮ǰһֱ˵мأȥʼ첿ŻʮǮԣʲôûв⵽˵ʲôֲǻɶкѧʶû鵽ĶһѣͲˡ
Ĥ֮ƤԽԽãɲͼôһͬУʦܣ۵ĺˮһԲͿ˷ױ֮ļۣǸȦӿ̫ˣĤĹЧҪǲģǲǹ¡
лҢң뵱մɽ紩ʱǸtonyʦҲģĪҵ벻롣
˵ƽϣҴǶʼ챨ùֱȥעƷרͺãʱױҵһɣҪôעױ˾Ҫôעױңʡõôʼʱ䡣ǷݱһٶҳС꣬⻹йϵȥӲġ
лҢA4ֽϵȫɨһ飬ӿڴһ֧˼ֳ˵ħʲô߶û̫㣬һس֮ɣЩ̫ðѿأˡƿǵһĤʱõƿӣҴĳһζ˺üʮ֮ϵ㡣
ͷʣǸ籾׼ôˣ˵ŮֵͦģԸ仯̫ˣһ˿¶holdסξǰξһСһĺı㣬ѡһԱƺֻױݣױϡ
ʵ˵ܰɫЩױͰɫòŮǣսҲܺߡϴЩݼעˮĿͼǣĲ粻ݼһԸıƸ񣿡
ֲȦרעݼ£Ը࿴һЩרҵ飬ҲȥһЩӰӰıƵʵɵ·ӣɶʱȤˣһϷûȤʱ͸ɡıУҽ
仰˵лҢ»
Աʵ̫ˣǡΧ桷Ů֮һϷݣǧڱҵ޷ġ
ֿлҢ˳·һҩһڵҩģصƵнĻȥִipadеƪǿҩ̷󣬸պýǼƪ׿꣬һҹ泩˯ȥ

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õĵһؼǡ桯ɫĮƤлҢһŮԱлҢϻͿȥʱ̧ͷ籾ǿ϶ˣҲҪǽ̨ȫסֻҪܽסš
һǾθձѡеŮסݼı׼Ǹ䣬ǵۣУȫķӦǡֵıֳɫĸеķӦӦʲôд𰸣ϣҲд𰸣ϣǸȷ𰸡
лҢ۾һԼǸɫķӦûκε޸ģֱ˳
ϴЩ΢ḷ̌Ťͷݵķ־־ϲֲ֪һãȻ
űס˲ƹ
лҢpkϷŮԭ𣬽лҢôݣƹˣϷػأףԱҲ˰ɣ
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лҢûŮԱʲôӦֻһĻϷ꣬΢£ȻվһԣԼı±ʼϸƷջ轲衣
ŮԱЦû֦ҲͣȻ˵ЦˣѾͨ˵һĻԾԵڶĻ͵ĻֻҪڶĻ͵ĻأⲿǾˡ㣬ܱǸ˵Ծͨ
ŮԱϵЦݶʱסָһԼʮֿŵıǵݣôıҲ̫Ц˰ɣǣһⲿΪһϲ硣
ݷ˷籾ˣûУpassɡⲿĵطڣŮ죬ŮϣԷŮϣ׶ΣŮģеľڱܣʹΪģǸˡ
ס顯ʣУΪ֮ǰһУŮġΡʵ飬ҲǡΡһֱûϵڱԼΪĮ̇ʱˣ֮ͻΪʼ
лҢһαݣѾǴʦǸһǱǵüݼˡȻûϹƼôõӣҲѹֹǱ߻ҪȥĴŮϷлҢ׼ڶͷɣؼʣ飬ɷӡ
лҢϽ±±һվϵɫ˲ͱˡ
ĿǱҶĿ̶ӻ΢΢˻Σһһؿڣǡ
պױ̱ңձ̨ҲҡҴͥ㣬޼Ҳ㡣
̨ϵҵƤɢҶĳݾҸֻΪھ϶Ԯ֣ʾ֮ˣǶˣնҶʾ֮֮ˣǳˡ
ǶˣʫؽΪԸѪ֮Ϊ֮֮ǳˣʫؽһ㣬иҡǷ֮ˣͳͳ̨ȥǹιһȦ˻
һδǶףӼӲлҢݳ˲ĲθУ޽֯֯δཻ֯һ𡭡ǵѾˣ֮ǰСлҢݼŮԱҲɫ
ΪưûоѵݼƷȴǲ̫ġ
֪ݼݼ֮Ĳжô󣬹ʶҲʶԼлҢĲжô
͹ݼѾżһڿȦС⣬лҢִʦݼǲġ
żʦ֮䣬ó뾫ͨʦ֮󣬾ֻʣ˵ü
ӵеüݼˣѾ˳ȦˣЩΪʵɵԱУҲֻǾͨʦżһš
ҲֻǼλڳһ߿λӰӰǴʦݼˡ
⾿ðĹ̥֮ǰôδ˵Ȧðôһ
ŮԱҵԾлDĸֺ󣬷ԸʶDصд뷨΢һ£Ȼ˳ϵҵˡΧ桷Ĺٷ΢£ŹϳҵлҢ΢лҢ֤ӢѧϰŴѧоԱˡ
Щ̵ҲȦ
ѾлҢһͷˣؼǡ˽ᡣ
лҢվ˵һգԶЦһһʫһɽգĺ˶Ϧ
ǡֵص
ݴͷʼƣŮԱлҢݼķڷҲĵĹƣԼ˵ͷ·𿴡ӡһϽһѡ
ŮԱȴ˵ûµģܸǿֲʲô˵顣ݼãɫݣķڷݺ۹⡣˵Ҫǻݣݲôáݺʱ˵ĸоĳһƮƮĹ°оݼܳģʣ֣ûС
лҢͬŮԱ˵һллȻͱֵַվһԡ
ݿһֱֱͬ˵ԾŮǵԱ˵ȻѾٵˣǾͱˣŮѡѾ£ڴһκɡ
Ͻȥ绰лҢǵ˵رʱ䰲ŵˣ֮ܲܺȫԵ֡

ЧʼߣƺϷ֮һ鶼Ȥʽûֱ֯ӽԱ˸ȺȻȺﶪһݹ棬ȻûȻˡ
ԾлҢܵʱ䣬ϽһЩĤĵַЩ˳ȥ
ΪϷʱ䶼Ұ⣬ӰлҢԼɹ֮ױȥ˰Ƶһϵо׹ЧҩģĻ䱸żĵѹ˽衣
Щһһɣʮ죬˰׵⣬ȻҲ˱ɰְףɫջͣڰۺйˮƽϡ
ʱ־Ը¼ȡ֪ͨд֦ʮĹȥʰȥ˾ȡĵһվա
ݵԱУĸǴž˺һƬר˸𣬾лҢȻһŸʮСģݼĶôףֻܴӾ׽һѹô˳żлҢ
ȻͷлҢ˲Ҫ
ԱһǵϷ϶ʮӾͺֱۣ鶼ŤˣǱǸһлҢɵСʱࡣ
տʼĵĶַȥϷԱһͷ͵ĥþãлҢ붼һ˵ǣлҢϷɵЩáĿݶΪ
ɺ󣬱ԱǺǺۣԱԤ˸ɾĺзЩԱҪǣֻлҢһĬضǽǰǷڱԱҪǵʱлҢһֱǸɫ±òǱ±ϻĵһᡣ
ݶЩȥˣлҢûʲôҪҪĻԺ;ᡣ
лҢ룬ֻһŽͼݿұǴѧҽѧ¼ȡˣµ׵ȥݣܸܲ߸ţҵϷǰѹһѹ֮ǰ˵ֻܳ麮Ϸ
ݻصӰλǮ־һۣлҢķ˵ͷͬлҢҪ
УݵƢԾͱ䱩ˣЩNGﲻҪԱֱǽëʨ壬ܴһ֮⡣
NGNGNGݼأݼأݼԾʱУǿĵʱûˣ
ݾݣݵĻͶһ߿ţݵȰϷݸ꣬ÿ춨Ƶ겻ҪǮǮȥ˺ڣ
㣬ȱˣҿûо籾ȰѾ籾˳ˣһСרҵ֪ʶ룬ɫھ籾趨龰¸ʲôķӦ֮Ҵ𰸣
Ҫ벻׾һֱ룡ֱΪֹʲôʱˣϷݾʲôʱģ
ݷƢԭȻгǢľնȻ
лҢûʲôӰ죬ֻҪݺϾģͶŷϡ״֮󣬾Աȣһһȫˡ
ԭһĿһƴڰ
ȻӦȥ츣ȫడʲôϷ
лҪ˵лҢȵȣ͸츣ȫȥˣ
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36 ʮվ
ҺΡϷڰµ׸ģԼЩ㱣ΪͬлҢϷĵеϣ˵ÿһͷҶͦģѱ֮з־ͷνЩ⡭
Ҫ֮ȱͷҪʱǹƻ΢ϵʱڹһʵڲеĻپ١Ŀ֧֪ģʵھػصϡ
лҢͷ⡣
ǵлҢһ˵ɱ磬˳лҢһǴѧҽѧ¼ȡĺϢ
ЩϢԱˡ
һͬлҢϵǢ弶Աüͷݺһ£ǴѧҽѧǹڶУˡ˵лDز©˶ƴظԼʲôѧ衢裬㱾ѧԣõ谡
ٴ׳һذը|Ƕֻ֪лDȴ֪лDֻıлҢ֮ǰͷѵǸҪ˵ϾҪ뾩ҽѧѧԵĻڸ߶ʱͳΪ˽ŴѧӢоĵĺоԱ£ӦøֵóޣϾ缶У
͹˵Ȼʮ㣬ͬţЩ缶УȣˮƽΣˣҲֻۣ˵ԼӰҪ΢һЩġڳӰôǸҢѧһһҪǹע΢ϢĻϢӦ֪ġ
һ輶ŮԱлҢֻһ£͵һ´|ȣûˣ֮ǰһֱ˵Ϥúܣ벻Ķ뵽ˣҶӴѧǸǸѧģڼǸ˼ΣҾ˵ô˵̫ˣ
ˣҢӣӢôãɼҲܿ뾩ˮƽУǸһеģ϶ȱǮôһ¹Уأ㱾ƾڹĻһЩɡ
лҢǹҲһȽϳĴ㣬ûҴŵ¾ͻش⡣
ȷʵпǹ飬Ƕƣǳ˶ʿ׶λǶ˽о״Ϳˣڹײû̫˵ڿܻһЩڹںȥⱡ˹ڵĻ֮ȥҲ̫š

׶֮лҢĵһⷿ
ΪͼʡھԶһУ뾩ֻ˵վһվľ룬ƿʮӾ͸ϵˡ
ȻлҢҲǹ򳵣ΪûһѧȥѧУϿδЩ̫ҡͷˣһĵƿ
ѧѵлҢ˽һµļʽѧʱˡʧ١
ʵҲܽʧ٣пεʱÿÿȥûεʱҪôȥΣҪôȥͼˢ顣
ھͼлҢչһѧϰʽ
֮ǰѧҽѧҩʱ򣬳ȥ򵽵һʮҽ涨ĸߵԺУרý̲֮⣬ĶǴңҪôǿһЩ飬ҪôһЩʱ³ԼĶ֮ٸʵ׵ѧȥͬǾסһ鲼һǣҪ鲼Ƿµġ
˾֮󣬽оͼôĲ飬΢Զһ㻹׶ͼͼݣЩۻҵ鼮ָлҢһһݡ
տʼĻҽѧǾͼڣڻҽѧĹ׹ݲؾнǧϹ⾭׵ĻǧлҢóĿٶȼֱϵǡӲٶȷˣ㿴һ£ŽЩ鼮ꡣ
Ȼ¿ͷѣտʼЩ׵ʱлҢҵĶǹݲؼ¼нߵľף侫ȥģвĵطȥŪһ˼ʱ̸ѧǵľ
ĶˣǿĶȻˣټҽѧкܴһǹͨģʶлҢں濴ʱϾһĿʮеؿȥԼѾ׵ĶǾֱȥܣû۵ۣŻͣϸĥĥվԼĽǶȥЩ۵ǲվסţͬߴһȡ侫ȥɣҪֳӮܲԼԴɱ˼
лҢϰ˶ϿεʱҲҵλãϽڽһڿΣϽƼ飬żˮΣҲ͵͵ĬĬóipadһЩģǳʱһѧЩʦ³ĽгɹЩгɹṩһЩĽ

ܿ뾩ˣĸġ
ѵʱлҢס˶ʮ죬ѵ˸ȻȻͱŮ̸۵Ļ⡣
ʮһ֮󣬻ҽѧϵѧʱԼѧϰƣ۵ϴ꣬|һ߿ֻһ߿״򲻶̸ᡣ
һŮ˵˵ǸлҢƽʱڸʲôҿÿڿζڣʱԷʱҲʳüôͲأǲб᣿
Ů
һŮӻӦòǰɣҿÿϿζһƿӦУⷿסֲһտʼ죬Щѧ˵ǽ˼ͽӢĴ󿧣Щڸס챻˷ԲŰȥ
ŮҦѩȡ
Ǹ˫Ŀնضֻ˺һ˵Ҳȷ֪ȥĵĽΣ˵ЩϽڵĹϵͦáÿοȥΣϽǶὫһЩ
иѧ˵лҢŬϵϿΰʣһײʵлҢ¹ʦĻûģ˵һʦûаס
ںֿһЩ״˵ʵĻһƪշһģͷЩѧѧ㶼û˵ĵ֣ǲôңлҢȻشˣڽ˽ڿΣȫ˶Χ۳Թϣհѧâ
Ǹѧ˵ʱǰ˶ˣлҢѧĩԽ󣬾ȥʵҰæɻڹĿǹصʵҡ
ֽ룬˵˵˵Ļ̺࣬ϢҲ
ڸжǱհѧԣȻҲ֮Ŭÿʮһ˯絽û͵ʱ򣬵ҲǿʦϿεĽȣһЩʦڿᵫ̲ûеĶǶ÷ѺܳʱܸףʦϲõһЩչ˼⣬ЩǸѧʱŽʦĲڿõǰأһµĴǾʵȫãҲѴﵽʦǸ㡯ı׼ߣʶԼ޲ƽؽһкЩǵӾ̹ˡ
Ҷһˮƽڰһ£ûʦ˼Ǿͷϵˡ
ҪѴҶһѣֲʱֻǲˣҶǷѾȫǿǿʦĽȣʲôûŵģ
лҢΪڿеĴڸ̫ͣû˹עټϡǽӢġ۵̫ˣʶҶлҢĬϳеѧҽѧͬѧôΪġ
ֱ죬̸нϢ֮󣬷лҢòƲôˣ˼ֻز¶
лҪ˵һдҰͷš߱귢ġ
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37 ʮվ
лҢſöû˯Ĵ̣ͬ˶о˿ǰѹ
ĬĬ򿪴ͷƣ´ҵϿùıʼǱ뵽ʦĶûѧףٿһɣȻ϶бԽԽ࣬ĩԹҿơ
Ҧѩȵڶ˴򿪵ԣУ԰ҽѧ׿ȥһһ߸Լfg쿪ʼӽ쿪ʼҾҪÿ쿴һƪθԼӢﲻ˼ҲˣҽѧҪǱȲ˼ңⲻԵô
˵šôʱԼѧϰǣûҪԼƵ̫ʵȴص㿪˼ѧϰƻ
ҦѩĿԸǿѧҽΪ˽ҽԺһȫҽΪҵԼϲǸһֱоȥ˶ʿʿУȡΪҵţ
벻ڹڶ˶ʿʿ˶ⶥУԱ뽫Ӣʱ;ùϵ̵棬ҵֱӳ첻ͷͲ
-------------------------------------
ڶһ磬ŵ´ΪԼĶѾˣû뵽ǰԴˡ
˯ۣʣ룬ڼˣôôˣ
һ£ϴƷϴߣ߱˵ҸоԼеǽȥܣҪҪһ𣿡
ŵ磬ҡҡͷְԴ˱
ŵ綯ˢϴ䣬Ų˸ۣŲֻܲȥͼȿһ飬ǰڿζûУҪǲѡڴʬָһͰڿεʱ˯ȥˡ
ϴ꣬ʰö뽫ϵĶŰͳš
һߣһֱ˯ҦѩֹۣŴȥܣĹ򣬻˯أҴȥͼݿƪףҪҪһ𣿡
붼ûʹӦˣҪ
˷ɿʰ꣬ϺҲ˵㶫ȻͱŵԺȥͼݣ˳·ȥʳøڰӳʱ˼Ⱥİӡ
ѧƣԽ꼶ŬԽ࣬ͼݿźʮӲͽģѾ˲ˣֱҽѧңȥһͼǽǵĵطѾһڿˡ
ﶣԼҪ㣬ҲĬĬһط£ͳ
ŹʮӣҦѩҲˣҽѧڻһȦ񶨸ϣ˴˶һۣ¶ˡȻˡ
ߵһļ򣬹룬㰡㲻ȥܲô
ô൱ˡ
ϵľһţԭȥܲģҽ촩·ʣͲȥˣȥҹܰɡ
ͣ۲ǵûУȦôȥˣʱҵǸֻ˳ŰҰѿ˰ɣллԺ̡¡
ҦѩҲ˹룬ܲʱ˳ŰҲѿ˰ɣһûʲô츳ʱİ˰׶ǴδҪСģѧУҪѧһѧڵһٹʵڳԲ
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ʺܺãһʮûʲô⣬һѧڵһٹͿˣ˵ⶼС˼ҹʮξ͹ˣ̲裡ʮ
룺
һͬѵִδĻͿǸڽӰˣվսһֽ߽
ǲշлҢ
Ҳ˲Ҧѩˣֱվ׷˹ȥӿĵȶϷԶļ꼶ѧƵƵü
лҢʣҢʱ䶼æʲôأô
ҼĿ飬æд⿪룬ϢǺܹɣ»ȥ֮󣬺ǲϢ໥ţ˷ӡ˵ˣҵȥѧǱ߽һϣϼ
ĿлҢҴ߿ӰЩҧһס
лҢ˵Ƿʵ̫ˣҪ˵һ䡮»ȥ֮Ӱ쵽Ϣ˳Żһ䡮Ӱ졯ȻлҢ˵ǡºǲϢ໥šɾ˼ˡ
һǸŵңҸŵǡ
ƽĶۣ⻰˵Ŀ͹ۼˣһ嶼ûУĶ;лҢǾǳͬһסͬǽ
˵лҢǲмǽ
ܴͷͬҦѩȺݺ²һͨлҢȻ󻯱ΪŬˢСʱ˼ѧϰƻſŶȥϿΡ
лҢѾˣ״򲻶ڽҵһſǽǵĵطǰűʼǱԣŵĻɻ
ԭǰȥģȾǲʹһһһŲлҢԱߣ̽ͷлҢĵԿȥлҢϴ򿪵Ǹĵ֡
ñȡڳȺƷ֡˲Ϊ
ͷлҢ˲λܼ˲вУαˣܲõ˲Σ
лҢͲվˣ⣬ش˲εҪԳɷ˲գ˲վжѧܣǰо൱ŵĿ֮⣬˲տֵЧҲ
ڱѪҺǰ˲տͨ΢ȺȥǻӦлΪϡеգ˵˲CKȡѧҽѧϵʷ˹ȥʮ·һоɹˡҽѧǰءϣ潲ǣڷ˲ȡԵı䳦Ⱥɡټϣҽȷʵм˲ʳɹİҾͬ⣬һо
룺Ŀͦ򵥺öģôųˣ
ҢǸ˲ա֮ǰ˵Ǳ΢̵˸ˣʲôҩ֮࣬ʵЧҲһ㡣ܶ࿹Ʒᵽ˲աһӪͷ𣿡ʡ
лҢҡͷ΢ȷʵпʵɣҲȫҿĺܶȷ˲ưϸЧЩ¶ҽѧѧܸ߶˵ڿϷˡΪʲô˵˲ͷܺͼԭ˲ȡԭȶйϵûʵ¶ۡ˵ˣܾ͵ÿ⣬øϽһЩϽⱨȥ׼׼Ͽΰɡ
һ֮űлҢܾΣ붼컳ԼԸǲرˡ
ÿεҩѧԺһϽڣүѹʮ䣬úܣҽѧƸĽڣ塯ʮ塯ƻеϯѧңڼڽѧһڿΣǸЩҽѧϵѧڿΣʵǶרҵ
ʱŵҩʱ൱ҩһ൱ǰѧƣȻڵ״ôͬѧҪסκһѧƶһɲģҩҩѧδıؾ֮·Ȼкܶ˶ڳ˥ҩҸǿһǰòͳƳгݣҿʮڣҩгϵռʣǾ֪ҩǰжôˡ
⣬Ҷ֮ܿӣǵ̿϶û⣬Ҳ㹻ǵ߼һ䣬谭ҩģǼǰ
ʵܼ򵥣ǼۡЩԳҩƷĸʱ±ҩŮͬѧϲϲЩͷ۷ۣڶϲҩĻأʲô̥ȡ߶ȡ䶾ȡͬѧǣ൱εĸһʵĻױƷ˭Ҫ˭˭ǽ˰
лҪ˵շǻ֪ʶ
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38 ʮվ
Ͻ̨ϡźݻлҢü̧ͷ
ҽŵҽУ䶾߶ȷʵǾݹЧģҷ䶾߶ҲȷȷʵʵΪҩҪҩģƳĵҩҲȷʵ൱Ч
Ϊʲôôն˵򡮷䶾͡߶ĻױƷƭǮα
лҢڱϣȥ飬ܲ֡
ҽҽҽҽĿĶһģǾβˡ
Ȼҽôҽ޶Ѿ÷䶾߶ʿκ˲˳գΪʲôϣ䶾߶Ͳˣ
ǳȡ
ǳȡҪɷϣ
лҢһгʮֿܣսĥĥ̨ϵϽھٴ׳һذը
ǰðҩѧԺļʦһ˵ڵĻƷױƷ̼ңΪ׬Ǯֶβ
ǰҽѧҽԺչһӣʮ꣬ǻһͣСﰮ֪ĸԵһֺųưƤѪעһ֣Ѫ
ǶѧҽѧģӦ֪Ѫʲô֪ʲô֣ҲЩ΢ѪȷʵӤģҲӦ֪ÿͬĸ̺ѪǲһģѪ֪ⲻܡ
Ѫл̺Ÿ΢ͲһϸȾˣλǾѴˣСﰮĨѪ֮˯ˣڶ׵ĺͷһ۾ˣҽԺһ飬üһԸȾõҩ˵Ҳ²ܳס
ˣϵĲÿ춼ھְƻϸ֯Ʊػγɺɫس룬ºڵûܿҪָķɫϴҲϴһأ
һƬЦлҢûסЦһ
áѪͷ̼ȷʵԶ󿪣ҽŵˣҲѪⶫµģ֮פ֮Чò˶þͻ˱Ӧ
ϽڼȵسһЩͷ˰̼Һ󣬻һתʽѧǻʲô𣿳ԣʵĶʣһ̽֡
վڣ˲μҩͷ𣿡
лҢֶһ£ĿĻƿ䵽ϣԭȱûжٵʧ
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˭˵ûоǻˣҶѧʱ򣬲ǰѻǨѧУô㣬ӰȦѣҹϵҰѻģǷӣҲȫ̰Ūõġֻ˸Ǯû¶
֦ɽԭȵ⣬Ǯ
ѽ治һҲͻǧߵĶʮһƽģæѹ˼۸ѹ˾һƽûԩǮ
֦һǧԾţЩιȥ
һ׶ôķʲôⶼС߰ƽˣԺȵȣ˵ǧ򲻹ĶôǮ
лҢЩǮǹ·ģһû͵ûȻ֦֪
ҲϷôһǡΧ桷һǡҺΡΧ桷Ƭǧ򣬡ҺΡƬǧ˰Ϸʹչ׶һ׷ˣǱÿ»ҽֺ졭
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Ҷϵ绰֦֮лҢǮͬ˵ˣ컨巢һ˵ԭ˵Ң⺢ȥϷʱ򣬻ͦ⺢ӱģ㿴ȦţŻðҢ⺢£ҿҲûȦžȥȦ׬Ǯȥģ׬һʾͰܡ֦İɣҢ⺢׼ˣԸ׬Ǯôôǧܣܶ⺢ӷ
ҢǮҲִ̫ˡ֦Щ޷лҢһһ顣
Ȱûǧ򷿣Ǿ֤϶׬ǧĵɶɵĵģѵźسʮƽķӶñгϢǺ£ȥ
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֦ҪԺӺãΪӺõȥǶܶ˷
лҪ˵Сסˣȡ



42 ʮվ
˼ٷÿ궼µ⣬ġȥɻлҢƶǰһ󲽣֮ľлҢ׽̲ȫΧڵƹ㡣
Ӧģ˼ѧϰƻİȨҲȫ˼ѵϣѧһѧϰƻлҢ׿γΪγ̣˼Աá
һ꣬˼ٷˡ⡯Ϊе˹ܼݵȣһԶƣ˼ˣ⹤Щˡ
ĳҪ㷨ȫɳԱɣе˼оԱҪģǽλ˼ˡĿ޸ģγɷɳԱ뵽ĳУͨһһεػѧϰ˼ˡ̡
лҢŽ˼ٷĲԼͼԺͻȻ뵽ѧ̨ӦõǸAIóŵĵ¼ѧϵͳĺ̨ҳ棬Ȼ˳˼
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ĬĬ˳ѧϵͳлҢڱ¼һع֮ѧϰѧϰݡAIȽ
ЩȽ൱ԣܹڷʡɱԼʱɱʲôоնЩϡ
֮ѧѧѧѧȻѧƣĸоֻҪоһȣ޷Щѧϵ
²ЩУ½Ϊ˽ЩѧƵɽĹߣӦȥѧһѧ
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ڽ˼ٷϣлҢķͷˣȻύоɹǰ㣬ûһβμӽ˼ٷʱô˾ޣ˺ͷлҢipadС˼ѧĵӽ̲ģ˼оԱЩϵĶʱ͵͵ѧϰ
ľƺ꣬лҢ̤˷ĺࡣ
֦˵¶ʮŻᵽлҢֻԸȰԿ״ǶˣһʱǴСɨŻ˾ҽѧ
Ѿʼ˽һʱ䣬Ǵѧڵı˸߰˰ˣĶооУʿռԶ˶ʿ
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ںڼ䣬оÿ춼ȥʵҴ򿨣ϢԶſһЩ糿ŵȥϰ˵أֻжͰȣ糿ߵ͵ˣʮ뿪ҽѧأͬŶ˵λлҢӲˣѹϢʱ䶼ûУֻλ֪лҢе£˶١
лҢǵѧ䣬䵽ĳһؼʱʱķˡ
˵ÿ춼׵ٶԽԽ죬ĶҲԽԽ࣬ټлҢʵǮȺͶʵ˸ȫλ
лҢ֮󣬽ͷжʵİȺͶۼŶʱʵɹһ飬öȥεоҽװǽźãʾͿʼдĵĿ
ǵʵȻƽܽȵ֮һңѾ˲оɹѾõֵЩݣҾ뵽ô˸Ŀ
ЩݶģǿģҲˣԼĿɣһһƪǼд꣬³ңҸ޸ɫȻ󾡿Ͷȥ
ȺͶɵˡ
ǵĺ٣ҲܲҪдһƪ
СдĵĻӢĵģԱĸεڿдȸԼһѺ
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ĶˮˣǷģҼȻЩĿζЩĿеΪһƪɶԺܸߵĵǱֻҪܽЩĿһĿھɾһȣһƪһ»ûġ
˵һ°ʵµĵһ߶Լ֣ͨѶߵҲԼҲҪǸҴףдĵĿдĿܸ졣
һ㣬ǧҪгһЩ߰ˡйͬߣӦǶƪĳˡҪǹֱ˵Ҳ˹ҾͿԣΪʲô಻κһԵɳӡ
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ȴǰ˸ĿѡһȽϼ򵥵ģлҢУܲܶһʱ䣿ѧһ¸вУ
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ϵļݺһ飬ҧд
Ҳŷ˺ݣдд
˸һĵĿлҢĿӦоԼԤڳɹ˼˵һ£ֽUЩ¶λ͸ȺͶ˼١
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֦û뵽ֻòԵͬº˵һ㵽׶лҢԭÿ궼ܸûӰĳº۰Ͱ͵ظˡ
֦ȥлҢºţ㽫º쵽˾ǣʼ顣
лҢûϿٿǶרŵ鷿ȻҪװġ
лҢǵ͵ʵɣװϵ飬϶ǶõģһΪ˸ӹţܶؼҺϲῴ顣
ѧġġѧġѧġѧѧϰԼ˹ġǹϱȽϳרһ˸Щ顣
ºıóº飬ӦΪЩûס֣ʮº᲻ߣÿǵ˶֡ûṩŷŽΡ
ǽЩŵϣͳº۹Ǻġ
лҪ˵ʵİѾϵطɷעգףҶͨ׬һ̲Ǯ



43 ʮվ
æµˣǡȫݡġ
лҢ²ȥҽѧҽѧشˣ ûиԼľͷ ùǰʱ佫ԼĿصд꣬һʱ佫¸ʽͶȷʽ
лҢȡСȺһϢ ʦ㡢ʦ֣ ҵѾдˣ أдĻ ;췢ң ⼸ɫһ£ȻһͶڿ Щ¸Ͷȥɡ
ڼԺȵİȿϢ лҢ֡ˡ ȻĬĬػصԼСݣóʼǱ ԴӻؼҾûĵ
ͱȰȻˣ ظǣ ҵĸʽһ⣬һֱûãٵһ¾͸ɣ
лҢĻظǣã Ҹʽɣ ҵƪ Ѿˡ
ٳûظ
п˵İﰵ룬 һҲûдأҸںŪлҢ
дʱлҢһ䣬õĺõģ鷳ˣѾ·ˣһֱߣʲô⣬ֱӹͨͿԡ
ȵ̬ˡ
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лҢ鷿ûţһ߸ĸʽһ߸ɫеﲡԼ﷨֦олҢȴá
ºԭлҢھǺúתתģлҢ鷿һһ죬ģֻҲŴ˹¡
ʵڱﲻסˣº鷿ʣʣҢæʲôأȥתתɣȥ߲ߣ
лҢţĿڳºѲȦеԥʣҵûʲô⣬ǡȷҪ캮ضǣ°Լɱ
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ĸʽⶼʲôʱˣզĸʽ˱һŰС򲻾𣿵ʱһдһߵд֮ĸʽ͵ˣֱӵͿԡҼǵǱߵidexʵЧôǸ
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Ҵ̲˵һʱӸŪܽһҪʵֵĹܣǣӦһЩ򵥵ĹܣһܵԺá汾ĳڿ϶ǵģӦAIģ飬ʵİԼܾͼԶɵȹܡҪãѧٴһ漣
˵꣬ûлҢķӦºֱܻԼķ䣬лҢһʧЦ
Ҳһ
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ȵеǱôһҲˣڴ콫½лҢ
лҢһѧ򲿷ĵСԳһѵbugһһȥֽȵ޸һ顣
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лҢԼдƪģһͨѶߣ֮ĶӶͰʵиĶԵعƽ
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տԵѵʱ䱻ѹ̣ÿɽʱеľ飬еߵƿǿĿĿѲĿһĿֿļĿԣ׾١
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ҡ˿ʮѵ飬ֻܰиͨΪرһԼһĤ˹ȥ
ҽѧΪڶҽѧлпԱһæͷתлҢȥʱЩ˴ľȺܿͱ嵭˹ȥû˿лҢʱ齨Ŀ顣
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ҽѧо˶лҢĿټĿлҢµƪһҲܳΪЦ̸Ȼ䣬лҢͶȥİƪĶ¼ˣƪǾС޵ģ඼һ¼ãÿƪͶһڿϡ
лҢԭû£ɷҪѣΪҽѧصԳĿ뵥ҪлҢǩ֣Ҫҽѧصǩ֣ûĿֻƳһ۰ѣƤͿʼˡ
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ǷĵظлΣҪε谮ͶôܻᱧлҢĴȣ
ǿһĵĵһͨѶ߰
ҽѧڵĺܶ಩ʿҵʱֻܿĴһѧһС¾ͷˮƽ£֪˵۲
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ף˲ҩԷо鷢ƪһˮƽSCI



44 ʮվ
Լû뵽ֿرǿȥ ȻͱлҢ˳ٵС硣
֪Ļ Ͷ˵лҢоˣĻЩʿǱҵѹҲСһ㡣
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ҽѧЩҵŵĲʿǶ÷̹лҢ˲ҩԷо飬 ϣܹڲһлҢë ëҲһڷ ƪˮƽ³
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ôоѾ룬 ѵݶѾȥ ͵޶ëķռڣ ټһЩ˽ƽ԰ƽ
߰˸ʿлҢ˱֮лҢΪӾͣˣ û뵽вʿ кЩ˶ʿҲ оҸȥˣ лҢֻܽʵ鲿ֶȺͶġսת˾ΥĿãҽѧϵѧϵͼϵ
ѧϵͼϵӶ࣬лҢôһȥΣ׾ٵؾ˾˵ע⣬ϵıȽ䣬ԲϤһı飬ټѧϵϵͦơ¶лҢȽϸȤҲֻ˽ȺģлҢԸ񶼻죬ûлҢ̫š
ҽѧʦҪлҢʱʱһڿΣǶΪлҢѧˡ
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ϽϷлҢ**Ķǹˮй顣
ЩʿˣΪȻ˽ҴлҢдǡй顯⻰ζξ͸ҽѧԺϵͬ־ǿ˸˼λ飬Ȱͬ־Լ̬ʾЩͬ־ѧҲһڿϡй顯ҽѧʮֵ֧ġ
һڿˣȻǶҲǶڿܱȵģЩһƪĶ޲÷̻ףˣʲô˵˼ҷһǹˮ
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лҢÿ춼ȥҽѧУĶֺãֻôܴĶ
Щá߲ĸıлҢıӶˡб˵˶Сϼ֡
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лҢϴֵٶȣ˴һۣԭǹ׷µ¶ʦʦ㣬Ҽǵ±ҵǰɣǵĴһȥģ¶ʦʦúѧϰһ£ʱ϶ĵط¶ʦʦ㲻ߴͽ̡
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ΣлҢ˰һЩᣬ˵д£д꣬ԷңҪǻûдĿǾȥд෢ƪܹûģҪǴתƪһ£˵ʿıҵҪ󶼴ﵽˣҹҲࡣ
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ȰȺͶķлҢʱлҢʹŶ˸Ͻе׶εظʵȥˡ
дһƪʣУƪд𣿻ûʣµĿ[ڴ][ڴ]
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ҪĿڿԼԤǸڿͶҪ󣬿Խиʽ֮һת֮ǰ˵ˣ˺ŵȨѾǿһĻԱȨޣͬѧҪĻǿԽһ£ҸӺ̨Żȯ۹ڵоԱȻԱĻԸŻݡ
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˴ôŶգ̿Ӣ˼
ڵһʱ佫ͻװԼıʼǱϣлҢ˺ŵ¼ȥ֮󣬲һȻԱʹü۸񡪡7999ͻȻϵ°ǧĴ
ԼдõµȥѡĿڿҪʽһŰ棬Ӱٷ֮һѸٷ֮٣Ѿ뻮һкøʽˡ
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˲յҩԷʵԼ˲볦ȺĻʵӽβ˰˸µʱ䡣
գ۾͵ѮлҢڽҽѧصʱÿ춼Ϲݣȵ¶Ĳʿᡣ
ڴ죬лҢͷĻûд꣬ǿиؾרϯĵڶţĿ׼᳡¶ϣлҢ¶΢űһŵһеǸ΢Цemojiһģһ΢Ц
¶ʦ㣬ʦ㣬Ŷ
лҢϵЦû˿âᵽ˼㣬¶ȴشһܸоСſѪڡ
ʱΪʲôҪ˵Щ԰ùǣԵˡ



45 ʮվ
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ôTUGǱߵҷʼ ˵ڿǳǵоɹ 壬Ͷ嵽¼ãʮͿˣڿһȸһصġҴĳɹҲͶTUGǱߡ
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лҢЦͷζؿ˻㱨̨ϵ¶һۡ
ܿͿʼȥ¶ĿǡĿûơθϸΪ
ܹھҽѧʿͨһר˵ˣʵôܻˣ
¶ʮʵʵҲúܺãóĹʮֲһƪͦıҵˡ
רίһЩࡣ
δרϯЭҽѧԺĴڣоĴţ뢣͹һЩ¶ȥ֮޸޸ģתʴ糡еˣһбɻеĻᡣ
仰Ǹ׻û˻ʱʣͬҽѧĲʿҵоͬҲڸɽֻҽѧһͨͨרҴţеԼǺϤʡ
ˣҲ̫⣬һ֤֮Ը˸С׵⣬ǲʹô
мţԸڲģⶼԸʮþȵġ
ʱлҢվһA4ֽд⣬¶ʦ㣬òһ̵ĻᣬҾͲ˹
¶ĵʦ׷ɫһ˲ú΢
лҢʼȫں䡣
ȣ¶ʦ㣬ⲩʿĵĿǲе⣿ʲôСĿûơθϸΪֺ֣ݸһ£ͨƪڽΪϸãƲдڵһⲻ̸ĵֵθϸΪˣ
θϸΪĻƪ÷ֳһ½дϸãŽθϸΪĿûƣ˶θ֮⣬黹ԱЧҽѧʿôһ⡣θϸ֮⣬黹ڱϱֳ𣿡
ĿǵʦģлҢôһʣ׷ֻվԲ˵СĿȷʵ⣬Ӧøĳ޶µоСȥ֮ĿĳɡθϸеĿûоûʲôˣСлأ
лҢ׷Цһ£˽˵ĶԣĿôһģĿûʲôˣϵ⣬һвʣ鷳¶ʦæ󡣡
¶ʼͷƤ顣
лҢ̧ۿ¶һۣһתʵոǸĿҲû⣬Ҹովթһ£ͷתˡѮġѧϣĴʿһרҸշģǵоǡܶټƤķʵ˵顣
ƪУȷ֤ԶʵѪҺϵͳɱãҸոǲֻθãûȷشҸ𰸣ֻǶθãǰٰΰѳѪáĵĵһ֣Ĺо״ⲿ֣øģΪо״ȫ档
¶ĴԴ˿Ѿȫſˡ
лҢֽһ£ڶ⣬ʣĵɲ֡ûƲ֣㽫ûƹΪϸֳյֻյƻϸڡѪɡתҩҩ߷Ӧ߸ƣûн߸еҪûƷǲһѧʮַѽġ
¶ʦ㣬һ⣬ĶѧõѧģͣоݣʵϹһͨʶԼ𣿡
лҢüͷûССرκ⣬ʵʵ˵õģǹѧҽѧϵƤ˹ģо״Ҳᵽˣһ䣬Ƥ˹ڵģʹ÷Χʲô
Ҳ̸ڼУģ֮еؼøڵѧϵƾֻ˵ѧģ͵Ӧ÷ΧͲϸֵνҩȥθð
ݲ飬һ㽫ѧģͲɾһַǵ޷ΪɫǸԭ㲻ĶһЩ۵㡣ڶ㽫ͳгõη뵽ݷӦÿԷһЩ˼Ĺɣ߸Ƶ˳Ҳʮֺ۳
лҢֱǽҿ˴ҽѧоߵ߲˶ֻҽѧѧ
βͷ˿׷ڵɫֹ׷ϵЦѾ׽סˡ
ЩרѧߵɫҲ̫ÿ
ǴһͨģתͷлҢͳ߼⣬ⲻǴô
ǣǻû˵
лҢ⻹û̧꣬ͷһϵЦȿ޻ѿ¶¶ʦ㣬һһ⣬ǹչֵġȥͨѧģ͵õǸĽ֮⣬Ľ۵ûʲô⣬չ֡дǽϸûоȥʵҾûʲôҪġΪһЧĿɷ֣оѾˡ
¶˫Ŀն̧ͷлҢôεĲʿ磬ͷһű˶δչ˵¶ģ
лҢŲôֻ࣬˵ԼΪõϢ
ϸǰÿһƪ£ᵽɣĿǰѧоȵ㣬ûпǹ뷢չеáɶϸܵܶصӰ죬ڲͬѧ£ܹϸ߱ϸãνɵȫҪϸǴӸķʽ
¶ʦô㣬ҵ֮϶Уоҽ¶ʦúеݣоһɣȻ¶ʦĲʿоӦϸõӰ졣
ҵô࣬лл
лҢ֮ŤͷһķѾѪɫˣѾԤϵԼĲ״
ЩרҽԭȻͦģרϯΣѧǴĶðģʵҲ̫ϬˣǲǺϹѧг𰡡



46 ʮվ
ЭҽѧԺרϯ٣ٽôһ˵ ϸ룬 ͷܻг𡣡
ٽסöĳ𰡣 ڱҵĴô㡭һⲩʿıϲҵ Ǻ˼ҵǰ;
ΰ֣ Ͽٽڵ˵ Ǿҽѧɲ ĿС£СлᵽǸηҲС£ ¶ģһشɲС¡
ЩϹͷôѧ Щͷôһƪȥ һ˲鵽ίԱԼĵרȫøŵùⶼʲôˮƽ רأȷ󶼿ҽѧҲøɨأ üĲʿ д⣬ⲻǴ򾩴ҽѧôҵúúøлСлҪЩڲ
ٽбۿһлҢ лҢűʷɿдд ֽȫǹʽ žͷ Σ￴úܣ㺰Слֽɶ
лҢ˼ȥſҽѧʱϵһ϶ߥ˼ȥϵأÿҰѹסˣȻҽѧʧ˸ôҪ˲ţ
ٽھֶ죬ϸһ룬ȻǸŴѧӢɶƸĺоԱǿкö鰡¹ǴѧǴѧʦÿʲô˼ô˵ڽ˼õľѾͷˣѹҸով죬Ƭӡţǰε
ѾлҢˣˇNɪ֮ģͬٽ԰˵лҢ츳رߣҲرŬҵŵ˶ʿо˲գŸʱ䲻ǸʮƪSCI
ŵ˶ʿһƪһʮƪTUGǱֱԼˣ˵Ǹ˲յĿҪˣ϶ٳһģǹصĿָˡ
ٽٴξˣŸʱ䲻һʮƪģǲе㲻ˣɱʲôĶַ֧ҸոտСԿͦģû뵽ȻҲˮ㷢йˮ󣬵øϽɲôõӸ;ˡ෢һЩ²𣿡
ˮ֣ʶؿлҢлҢûɶӦͬٽ˵ɱϹ˼ҿñӣʮƪģƪƪһ㿴Ǳʣһһ˭ܹˮൽһڿȥҪǹˮ£TUGԼ壿
ող˵СлǲǺϹ˵ѧгҹžϹѧ˵ʲôĻСлˡ
֮ǰǹߵ˲Ϲᣬ˵˼Слˮ˵СлˮȽأӦ˵ǡբй顯Ҿ¶ѹȥ˻ǲָͣ˿ڣ˵Слд̫߲ˣСл˵߲ĸҪǸϣҲСлƽʱԸͦõģϲϿξоңǰ˼ʿҲû͹ˣҹžѰġ
ٽˣҪǷԸôһͷǻǻá߲ĸ⻰Ȼ󣬵ȷʵҲѹְС̨¶ʿǳӶˡ
ûôͬ׷ڽ¶Ҫ鴦ãױϸ߳ڴĿŶӴ̨
жԹԹΣ׷֪Լѧ˵лҢʱ˸ŵģҲ¶˵лҢҪϡ̧ܡ¶ֻû뵽лҢôݡ
¶㻹ŸʲôллСлЩηֲѣĻȥСлĸģֲ¶Сл˵Ǹ˼·ɵӰ죬պðƪʿĵоݴӺת΢ۣ֮Щֳɵ˼·ˣŸʲôأ
¶ʶ׷ڸ̨£񣬽лҢĶװģؼ֮ӵذ̨
Ѿ¶֮ǰ˵Ĺ̿ĿİͰͣʱʱлҢ͵鼸ۣлҢֻһA4ֽʼддԽˣоͷҪƵġ
ٽڱǼһPPT˳Ÿпһ˺ûñȣЩ˸һһУЩиɣвС
ʮƪһģԹԣѧôûЭҽѧԺȥҪȥˣҾԵɱһţǰҵǰУűһûֵʱ򣬸Ͻ˩ס˲ţҪȴûץסǾʧ
ʧٽ鵹ǲ
ĿİͰ͵ؽݽ꣬רίҷˮˣĿĽṹٵݣָë˳´ٱлҢʱԵԼܲרҵ
רᵽˣٽתлҢСлʦҲˣҪҪ
лҢͦõģûɶ㣬ҲûɶԵȱ㣬ʵݿɿ߼Ҳ˵ùȥйоصһƪʿģ޹޹ɡڵЩλרҶѾˣûʲô˵ġ
ٽȴţҿֽдôණɣҶǸѧоģһġ
лҢԼд߰A4ֽɲʲôҸո¶ʦı֮ܵһθҵĿˣҵøµĿ㡣
ٽʣĿʲô㣿ЭҽѧԺҲвٿŵĿ⣬㿴ҪҪһ£Ѳ⣬ֻҪһʮƪһ¾С
лҢЦĬĬͳֻԼ΢Ŷά˹ȥǸ컨Ҷͷٽڵͷƶȳ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ٽɨлҢĶά룬תŤ˻ȥ
ضȴٽе㲻˳ˡ
Ҳ߯ˣžҽѧô˵ǽˣ
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ѾԺԸĸԸôдˣлҢһֿڵ㵽֡
ʦĵеС֮öһҲûʮˣôͽųˣ㿴¶ʦ㣬һëʱ򶼸о̿һš
Ŷǹ¶ҭװԼû仰
˵šһһȴ²۸ͣǱŵģһ˶ʮ飬ɰڴһ٣ͲһˣһŸˣǸզ죿
ʿĴȻĿİô˳ˡ
׷ڸϽܾдĳԱһٴƣлҢҲ׷ȥ˶ٷ
ЩϽһһܺȣ¶ŮʿҲȥˣ˾ƱľƾûͣͬЩϽں˸ԣԳսʽһ˶һ־лҢƣҪǸʵϷҪҳӿлҢЦ
лҢ־ʹظ־ɫ糣£Ͻ˸ƣֱӽЩƸЩƽѪҺȻ˸ΣҲͷˡ
ȥ˲˾ǣ
׷һֱлҢлҢôƶû̫ķӦûһ£ˣһ־߹ͬлҢСлر㣬ҵĿǸоģСĴϣҿЩ˽ͦ࣬ûȤ뵽ҵĿ
ҵĵʮĸƻϾͿʼˣǿÿζĸ⣬ÿ滹嵽רⲻȣҪȤĻдĿƻùңҸר
׷ͳֻ㿪Լ΢Ŷά룬ݸлҢӸ΢ţ죬Ұߴļֶ㷢ȥſĴȷרĿ걨ȥ֮Щ
лҢɨά󣬷˺룬ЩǵʣҸûоɹרǲЩ
׷Щͷǧ˵ʲôѵģǿôݣãֻҪоλǿУҪԸһӵĻҹһҶҪһߺͨѶߣҸС
лҢָԼһ־۾ˣǾллˣȥǱ߿ȥ
Ĺ׷뵽Լôһ˵͸Լһͷǽ



47 ʮվ
ѰлҢͽԼķŵϵĸֿϡ
νٽڵĻ˽ȥ лҢǰҵ ǰ˶ʿлҢûֳֻܷһʱЩѹĿγ̿Զμˡ
ǲμӿԻҪѧ֣ ʵЩΪҽѧʦˡ
⣬ ¶Ĵ֮ ׷ںǧ˳ŵ лҢȥǿ鿽дģ лҢȻ͹׷ڿ
ζʲô
ζžѡʱ䡢
Ϊ˲ĿͶ˶ʱ䡢뾭ѣڹ׷Щ͵ϣ ҪǲҪ ǲǷ˾ɵˡ
лҢԭи1TӲ̣ ЩӲ̷Ų¹׷ڿݣ糿ҽѧʱ һСʱ ȥӳһ8TӲ̡
˾ҽѧ֮ ԼоҶûȥֱӾȥ׷ڵĿˡ
׷ָ¶ģлҢӲ̹˲ͺˣ 鲻Ը˵ Ҽӣ һָĺ֮ ȥҰ칫ҵϿ
лҢֵ൱ӡУû£ָҵȵûµġ
һȣǽʮӣлҢӣٸɵˣԸԼ˸ŵӣӹ׷ڵĿûרǶ顣
׷һָ¶ģһ߷ֳ͵лҢлҢ鿴ˡ
ٳ֮
лҢרעľͷԼʱӳ̶ȣͲһܱȵġ
¶дڵⶼһ֮󣬹׷ߵлҢǰȱˣ뿴ûоȥڸȥϡҺ˵ǿϣǧйд֮󶼵ùǿ飬оÿʵݰ涼вԱ֣ҲðЩ˸ϣ˼໨üǺüʵ飬㲻ܰ˼ҵݡڹҸ㣬Ҳܡ
лҢϣû⣬֮İҲ߱Բ
׷ЩлҢ
Уû⣡ǰǿȱôһ㾭ֻҪд˵ʮƪʮƪһƪƪҲܸ㱨
лҢ·ˡ֮ǰдĶθģڸ׷ڸɻαĵİѾͲÿˡ
˹׷ڵİ칫Һ󣬹׷ڻлҢNɪȥǸվϿɣǸվDиʵļУװ4TϣֲԱĵӰ棬excelݣһЩɨ羵羵ͼƬȵȣ㿴ԼҪʲôߡˣU̴СĻȿһ֮
лҢӿڴͳԼ糿Ӳûµģװ¡˵ôػص鷳ⲻ糿صȥӳһ8TӲ̹ģ4Tϣװ£׵ġ
׷ڣ£лҢ˵
ϵٶȻЩøлҢ㹻ʱϤЩϣЩļһһ򿪣Ĵ϶Ϥһ飬֪ÿļﶼװЩʲô
ݿʱѾСʱˣлҢ˽ʮӵʱԼûݰһ飬ͬ׷ڵлԸӲˡ
ҽѧ߶ʵҪܸߣֻҪϲڱϵʵ飬ÿѧˮƽͬʵݵھҲͲͬ
׷ڿлҢЩݶ˶ʿʿΪѧλĻоĿʵ飬лҢóȻãǽ׷ָЩѧ귢ԼѧλĶһ飬صؽЩʵصоɹ˸飬֮ſʼЩоһЩ⡣
һȷĿѧ֮󣬽ٸоȷˡ
ֻд֮ⷽǰȰ˲յĿɡ
вԶѾɣлҢĿ࣬һָ˰ȺͶһһԼ
лҢУ֮󡭡ǲ۾ɢˣ
ҲЩŵسлҢ
лҢҡͷôɢҸոջأԪǰҪҵĿˣ÷ûѾ÷ˣǾͰǵķû÷ĻҾóȺԼȥ
ʵϣǴⷽоĻѾȷˣĿǰҽѧоȵ㣬ȥо΢̬лΪ΢̬ло
ʦ㣬ʦ֣пǹϾжˣҽһ£ȥ˶ǰƪд꣬һƪһģ˶϶û⡣˶ɹǾͻʱо㹻΢̬лоˡ
΢̬ʹлӦ뵽˲պؿʵ΢̬ʹлķ룬ֻǾ۽˳΢֬ѻȥˣǴ˶ðͦõо򶼸һ顣
ʦ㣬λ΢ֲ༰ṹɼ䶯̬仯ʦ΢̬ϵͳϵͳлϵͳ񾭾ϵͳѭϵͳشĹϵоʦ֣עһ£ǿˡԲ֡
ȻҲ԰Ŀһ𣬱˵ʦ΢̬ʦ־΢̬ϵͳҲԡʵϣĸ׾۽ص㣬Ҳ׳ɹ
һֱ١ȻѧϸȻҩѧЩʶڿĻͻ֣ᷢڹȥѧ߶΢̬лȡͻƣ˲شĳɹǹڵоȽϱֻ˵ǿڸоûγһеȹģоŶӡ
Ϊо򣬲ʿҵ֮󣬻ȫĸУȻһǰᣬǵñ֤״̬һֱʿҵʱ䣬һܸʮƪһSCIӦò⣬ҪŬĻֻࡣ
Ͼ΢̬лĿǰֻ˵ҵĽ׶Σ󲿷ֵëûб޶ߣȥ޶ëĻӦ硣ٹ꣬ǹðͷһĴͷˣ޶ëɾûôˡ
лҢͬͰ˵ӵĻȻæȥдⱨͶĵȥˡ
Щʵ鷽ƳģÿһݸõʲôطȻýЩݵˮեե꣬׷ڿЩѧһűɽֻһƤë
ͰȾؿ֮󣬾ͬ˶룬û뵽Լ㿴õѧлҢһо˼άˣѧʶҲˣ졭лҢִ֡ˮƽĵĻȻʮֻӭġ
Ӧ˶Ͱȣ̵ػ˼ңͼСڿһӾ硣
Ӿее죬˴Źװ˫ͬһˮﻹ˵ţ
պױ̱ңձ̨ҲҡҴͥ㣬޼Ҳ㡣
ս
̨ϵҵƤǣɢҶĳݾҸֻΪѰ㸴𡣡
εӿֱУȴһڲˮ˳
ͳֻŵĻһ£ҽѧصĹٷȺ@лҢʣɶʱȥϷˣ



48 ʮվ
лҢpoƬʱôһ˲߳ ߳ܺܿûˣ Լݵͦãֻû뵽ôͲˡ
ǸݹȻ죡
ݼԷͿ̳Էǡʽ ûʲôԲĵ飬 ʲô߳ܵģ
㹻֮ лҢе飬 ظڴѧѧǰǸĵģ ѧѧæøͣ껹ûпء
εĻظʮѸ٣ ˾ҽѧ֮ͺúøо ϷȻǮ Եഺ㵱ҵమ ʮ֧֣ ҪҵǸҽҩѧоĹ
һҩ䷽ ʮϷôһҩ䷽ǮǸ˲յĿûĻǾ찲һ½ⱨᡣ
ѾͶȥˣҩר룬 ҩѾϳɣ ĿǰҩЧ һЩȤĶ
αһokƣ תͷͽȺģʼ˽лҢʲôȤĶˣ
ϳɵҩòڸѪǵĴϲһϵкķӦҴһ򲡴Ľо˲տܻһЩϲ
ΣǶѾ²򲡴ȸʮֻһԱʵ顣˲ڽѪǷЧĿоֵɾͲɹˡ
ֶһָˣֱӺ绰ʣ˲սѪĿǰôģ
лҢ˼һ£صػشĿǰĻҲֻһ²⣬֮ǰҲ¶ۡһȷģ˲նڽѪһаְֻѪǵڷֽ⣬ȵϸ޸Ҫ֤ΣҪҪȻҰⲿоҲɡ
ڴӦȫԣ㵱ʱʮ˸£µʱǽֹʱ䣬ץ²СҰҽѧһ¥רСģ²Ϳԣʱðȡˣöȥȡȡ֮úо
ˣСлûпǹǰҵǰҵĴ㣬ҽ׼һ±ҵģ̫ӣ֮ǰ޸һ£һȽϵͳĶͺá
أΪĺܶγ̶û޹ѧ֣ϵ㰲һαҵ忼ûμӵĿⶼŽȥŵÿһܵʱ䣬ҪǴǰҵĻǵðЩû޹Ŀγ̶ѧһ顣
ڵʱÿЩҪǰҵҲǵġһЩʵκʵϰΣû취ÿʱƵóһµʱȥҽѧҽԺֵڻҽѧֵ̫ѣǸ֪ѧϰٴҽѧǱҪߡȿ쵽ٵʱ˵һҰܵ۵ĸҽԺȥʵϰŪһ¡
һ꣬еæ
лҢ룬ʵͦҪҽʸ֤ģҽҽҽʸ֤Ҫִҵҩʦʸ֤Ҳõֻܰ뷨ͬ˵ˡ
Ȼ˺һ˵û뵽ôһΪֻ֮ҽѧоءҽʦʸ֤ҩʦʸ֤ЩҪѧλС̰಻ĻãҲŬֻȰ˵ѧλҽѧѧҵʱõҽʦʸ֤ҽ
Ҫҽʸ֤·ߣһȥҽϵǱ߸пγ̣ͨҵˣһҵ֪ҽ㣬ȥҽЭ㿼һΣͨĻõһűҽϵıҵʹҽʸ֤
ҽʸ֤飬Ұ취ҽϵǱߵĽԸԸΪ㿪Ϣҩʦʸ֤Щ㱨ӲʵȥˣȻżѾżˣܿ
δȥһлҢ˲տ⿪ʱίĿ׷Բڡ
׷Բҽ̩רСƣڹڵĹ屦ˣȴèҪϡ٣ÿȥҽѧҽԺһΣҽԺÿֻҳʮţʵʽҪԶʮٶʮס
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ӦTUG룬˲볦Ⱥ໥ûƪheadlineʽ˳ټЩܵĽ׶ԳɹлҢȺͶʱ齨оһ˶ʮһƪ£ƪƪһͬҽѧش¥Щ˶ʿʿЩὲʦĽӺˡ
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ܶѾлҢߵ˲оң뿴лҢһоʲôԸܹܲ磿
䲻磬ܹҸҲð
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뵽ѾӦˣ䣬ֻҲҧӦ
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ʱţ˲ڸѪǴĻ壬صʮƪҲͶ˳ȥ鿴˽һ룬Ҳ͵ͷˡ
лҢĽʱ⣬ֻ˿ЩݣƽʱϲŶԸԷйء
ڿѧǰ죬лҢ齨СȺʣ˲ĿĽⱨдôǲʿѡĿⱨдôд֮ͼǵ÷ˡ
ԼٶȻ˾䡮ϡлҢ붼֪ȿ϶ַ֢ˣڽʱ١
Ļشʹ죬ֱӰǲֽⱨ桢ԼʿѡĿⱨԼʱдһƪ˲صĴлҢȺشУ۵Ŀһ뷨дһƪģѾˣҿûʲô⣬㷢һƪҲС
ˣУͷٷѷѾͺˡ[][]
лҢԼںŨܵͷûиоԼѷ򰡣
˶ʿʿĹѹ󣬹ǿȸߡҹټͶݲͷѷҲʲôϡ顣
лҢ룬ش֪һƫDIYһ㣬ǵðͷ̣ЧһЩ



49 ʮվ
лҢӦ࣬һҩг ҩ࣬ Ȼȥг˼۶֭ȥһܷǵĲ룬Ļһ࣬ ѧʱ͸˹ȥ
֪ǳڶлҢΣ ǳڶ̷ЧͺͷУ Լһѵͷ
лҢȶоҵʱҪ΢һЩ ʱ ڷɿôԣ뾡ٽǼideaдģ һͶȥ ʱҲͬдЩһȥҹ׷Ҫѡ
ֻ׳ͷ лҢУ ˵ҵأĶ
лҢӳóǸ ƵƽʱĹλϣ ʵģܺգпյʱͿϣ Сʱ͸ˣ ֮Ҳϴ ͷƤˬ ˯ǰϴͷСְһ꣬ͷˡ
ŽɵǸƿᣬζ̱ǣЩζŨԻ˳ȥֿһͷƤͿͿ֮󣬸оģҲûʲô쳣ûٹܣֻСؽһŵоǸ˲ȡĵ±С
ǵ±ɱȱҪöˣȻ۸ȻҲǱܱȵġ
лҢдһд뵽дƪģ˳һ䣬ʦ֣ȥ֢̽ĹҰ·һĵƪ£ҷģõһѧģķһЩ޹صһ𣬵õĽ۸˵
ƪҿˣ뷨ͦõģżùǸѧģͣһû⣬ͶڿĻҽ㷢ҽѧݡӰ㹻ҽѧҲͦãҿͶƪɣ
ϽлҢĽȻעƫˣлҢУʲôʱȥо֢ˣû֢о
Ŷ׷Ǳ߸ݣҿǶЩݵ̫ˣŶЩݽһھЧͦõġѾ˲ƪģһѧٽЩھھ򣬵ȥ׷ڴͷǸ֢ʮĿ뼸ר
סרĻְҪֻнڲģʮֹҼҽҩĿһĽ붼벻ôţڲ뵽
лҢҾͲ֪ˣǹ˽ҹ룬Ŀɡܲ϶ԵҪϵĻͰʦû취ˣĲʿоѾȷٿȥĿ⣬׷ģҲ޷оɹҵʱҪôԼҪô͵ˣͷۡ
ԴȰлҢһ䣬ֱһֵϽܳоȥϴ
ϴֻлҢƵ˵һ䣬ֻͷëңëûӰģͷëʮƵüëңҲûʲôãôСֵġ
󡭡С֣
˶ϵˣֻҪͷܳлҢô˵С
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ͨһϵʵ˲ѪǴӦѾˣ˲նԴԼȵϸ޸ãֻ˲һ̴ֹ໯ͬ͵˲սṹͬЧҲͬ
ʵеһʵѾߵͬ
Ҫӻһ˲ҵ޸˲գѶȲڴӴҵһöһǧǰ롣
лҢеݣ˳˼
ȷظоҪҵ򲡻˵Ծ˲գҪһµѧΪָ
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ҪʳʱҪһ⣬лҢÿγţȥͼݾȥͼݣҲпȥ׶ͼݡ
Ϊ˷ӡģֱԼ鷿ﰲװһ̨ӡԼǧĴӡֽ
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׶Ѿʼתˣϰÿ춼칫ҵİ칫õץ˰轣㿴ģƳ϶һ¼ţ߹ȥһۣ˾;ˡ
ҽѧݡǿô֮ǰ˵ǿǿƪͿôôͷһôţƵѧڿ
ܻԼĹλϣҽѧݡĹ򿪣ƪº󣬷Լ΢˿Ȼ㿪ʼϸƪġ
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ЩΣ޶޶ԼԴ˵ʵҲ̫иһƪڡ֢̽ϵ£ƪõѧģͷһݣè͸Ūˡû뵽רҶ˵ǸѧģõʵԼûס
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һ˵ͺͷ£üɫ˵㿴ͷͺһ㶼ͺ˰иǸãһܶ࣬ͷͷ϶˺ܶëһ£׵ͷˣԭѷصĵطҲͷ㿴ͷϣĶͺ
Ȼ΢ŮŶԴ˺һֶûͺˣʻܶҲܺãʹЩ⣬ʶԶиⶼͷˣʣµðɡ
̯֣㲻˵Ұʣµߣаûأƽʱ᲻öãǿٿʡʡġ˵ûؼԣĵкûоȡ
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ŲʮлҢһֱڿ飬ѧѧٵѧѧֻصѧϡ
Ѱ˼Ψȹݿҵġ˲صĶһ飬ЩĶŵһߣùֽʣʼֽһһе㣬ǽЦ⣬ЦԽԽŨ
ֲƼĸоˬ



50 ʮվ
лҢıʼһṹĻѧʽͣ¡
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лҢ±ʣȥһȥԡ˸ˮ裬 ͷ ذ꣬ ͷɵͷ ȥ˾ٴҽѧϵʵ¥
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ΪʮġչءѾ˲̴ֹ໯ľأ 򲻸ʵġ
ȷȷʵ飬յõģ ȻĽ
лҢԼᴿ˲õ˸ѪǴʵȥ ʮСʱ ѪǴƻٹ𽥻ָϸ࣬ ϸĻǿ ؼģ Ѫ½ƽλʱ˽֮
Ѿȥ£У԰ڴǻҰѻţлҢһԱ߻ҽѧء
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лҢѧвƷûԱʹѧµĲƷҪһǮ
һĿй˵дʱÿһʶãÿһӶǣлҢ˵дͬûʲô˵뷨ĵıдѺá
ĸСʱڸ߶ȽжȹһƪĴӿʼ׫дɸ壬ӽβ
лҢԼдõĴͷβ飬ȷԼ鲻һ¶˾ġ
ΣƪͶ嵽һӰߵƽ̨
nature
Ȼnatureİе󣬵ǳӰķϣлҢѡԵˡnatureǸİ棬ȫǿˡnatureں
ͶɹϢʾϵͳϣлҢ˿뵽ʹ˲նԸѪǴûƣ΢촰ڣͬηһϲѶ
Σ˲նڸѪǴûѾˣǴһ˲տ޸ٵ幦ԼٽٻϸͬʱҲϸĻԡѾдͶ˳ȥҩר룬ҩ򲡻Ӧڸܲ취æϵһЩ־Ըٴ顣
촰ǰ˰ӣлҢûȵεĻӦֻæû뵽ֹһְ룬ֱӼææܵо󻹴żʿ
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νһʵԱһһ꣬һƱЩ»۾ʣСл˲յĶʶԼԶһֱҩѧĴ⣬ôģҶⷽ˽ⲻǺ֮ܶ࣬ǰֻ˵ֻձ絾ѧһѧʵ˲յĶʶ룬ǴӲƤϷ˲գδٷ֮ʮҿԱд˲մȴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮˣôģ
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лҢ̹ȻصͷţҵһֿԶȷ˲շʽ뻯ѧṹʽѧͨѧģ͵ļ㣬ϼеɸѡܣԸһЩݾȷ׽Ҫҵ˲յϸϢ
ɫһ˵ʲô
˵ҵһֿлҩﶨԷѧôˣлҢһ±ơ
ε඼챻ųˣлҢַͶ巢ȥ𣿡
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ּᷳͬѼɸֵһӣȸҽһ飬֮ȥдġоɹʮƶĻƪ¾Ͷ嵽scienceϣͶκεӿͶ˵Ǹ˲նϸãѧЧǾ󼶵ĳɹ
лҢ
ܵظоβƭɻЩţֻñԼδʿԽһƵ˲ϸϢḶ́ǰЩ˲վ廯ѧʵĲ֣ʿǿܸϣлҢӺѧκʿץϹˡ
лҢֵֹĻѧʽԼѧʽֵ¶˻ʿȴоԼ·һӣⶼЩɶ
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лҢҲסˣôˣѵЩطҾͦİѧһֵĺܶණҶ˽ģдģƵдʮҳֽ
пһ䡮áȻװԼѾȫgetлҢȫ˼ӣлҢļ磬Ȼ˻ԾƪϽдͰҸ˵ģȥͶscienceѧϵоֻ࣬ǿţȡscience༭רŵרɡ
лҢͷΪԼҳһƪnatureѾʵΪˣû뵽ξȻһƪscienceѵνĻ٣
лҢ־ȥдģĨһͷϵĺ飬ʿԸİ칫ߣʣڶƪ˰
һʿĳɹ࣬˵ʦƪˡ
һʿЦ˵һƪһƪû¼á
οǸˡƪĲʿʣƪǼģ
ǲʿ˲ûˣƪһƪ
ɼǿǿУȴ൱ò⣬ʵдģдôˮƽƪһƪ㶪˲
Ǹʦܣѧ˼ﶼƪһˣȲ͵סӣɰҲѾƪˣʿ׶εѡⱨ涼ùҿˣ൱ƯĻһƪˮƽºһأ
ǸƪµĲʿ˲ֽͲ׼ǸֻһƪµĲʿʣأ¼õǸǼǼ
ǲʿ÷·ܰԼԭػˣӰ˵
һ֣СлϾҪĿˣǹȥ֧Ԯһӣ࿴ѧ˵ͬǸеģ˺˵ĲôôأҪ˵츳࣬ҾöͰȵ츳ǲడô˼ҷƪһͺǷƪϱӾˣ
˵ʲô˼˴ĵƪ£ͶڡҽѧݡϵǸСлʹˣѡ⵽岿֣ǶԼɵģСлǰæһ޸



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˲-JFɹҽҩѧĵáҽѧҽѧصʵҵоԱз ͨ峦ڵľȺ໥ã ƾȺʽʵֹԻǡԳԺȺȻ֡롣
Ⱥ״ԼߵĹעȽ˹ԹȺڵҰ֮С
ˮƵļܵҽѧҽѧɷãξͽɷ񶪸ˡ˲-JFзߡлҢ
лҢֲǵһνýɷã ֵ൱ ھͷǰ٩٩̸
У Լ΢벢ã ֱᵽȺ ҿܾİһʴһ˵ еġ һЩ̫õľ ݸ˾ȵȣЩǿ͹۴е΢
˲-JFã Щ΢﷢һϵеӦ ЩԭӦΪ֬ڵлȥ ӸԴϽ֢𡣡
ˮƵļ֣ɫ΢䣬ոᵽˡĪǾΣǸǲһأߣ ⣬ ֡˲-JF ǲǾһ
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дôΣգνġӦ ֻǡﻯѧӦļưˡþǴһӦ
νġҲָбڳҪôΪҪôԻѧΪҲģﻯѧϹ̣νġΣָӦչһ޷Ƶı档
ʵϣá˲-JFӦӦ޼
ýܸолҢϵЦڳѧʶǳ΢Щ˼һʳһ⣬˵ҩֶ֡˲-JF˷֮᲻ʲôã
áлҢƬ̣ܽǸõĻ˲-JFĸͦԵġţЦ֪ʲôܱǸڵû취һ׼ȷػش𡣡
Ŀǰо˲-JFǰȫģǷŵʱάȥ˭Ҳ֪δᷢʲôֻܴβҩ˲-JF²ԣܶ˽ĿľΪ˼֬˲-JFҲ
ҪһɿĻشǺܱǸ˵һȷҩ׼˵һױ׼޷ȫжкҩɸ⣬ϱûоԵİȫԣԷʳж̶ܵ¸кֻҩз˵òáԲԣѡȨԼ
βɷǼζʧòЦĻ
лҢԼĶλֻҩзڱŲţǱ˸ÿǵ⡣
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Ƶ¼֮лҢæдȥˣѹ벻˵ĻᱻˮƵı༭ˡħһ൱ʽȥ
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лҢش𣺡֪ʲôܱǸڵû취һ׼ȷػشֻҩз˵òáԲԣѡȨԼ
ѿδܽлҢýߵĻشûжҲ֪ԲԼ
е񾭱װܵҽѧĹٷ΢¿ֱӽҽѧٷ΢Ǹѧ̱ˡ
ѧҵģϽƵ˸ʦʦƵҵΣһɫҲˣеļ͸ϽлҢоܡ
СлôشⰡ˵ĶǴʵҲܾͬý˵㿴Ƕʼҽѧˣ
лҢüҾԼû˵ʲôֵĻ
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ˮƵųǸɷԭģĲɷöԻô
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лҢҪҵȻ
Ϊ壬ͬлҢһʣټлҢġ衯͡Ĥ˳ʵ⣬ӭҵĵڶγ档
лҢֱӽԼϵܺõķ˹
ǷܣܺӢһܴڵ֣΢ЩϢʵȴһâ¶ˡ
ܺӢлҢ˽ҿһ¼ͷͽʦԼŸãύԺһݣһԵӰʽлҢ
лҢɨһݣǽˮƵµĲɷƵ¼֤־ͽ¼ĲɷƵϴ΢˶ԱȣٵｫʦͼƬʽȥ˳@ˮƵ
лҢѾܾúܾûз΢ˣ΢ﶼһӢѧϰۣҪôллҢģͨ˼ѧϰƻӢѧϰƻõķҪôһѪ顯лҢٿӢģGREиȻлҢͺи΢һá
лҢ΢յرעѵ˷ܵسȻͳһھϡ
ԲۣˮƵҲ̫˰ɣ˼ҽ͵ôҪħķʽ˼ˮ
˼Ů̫ˣһԲϾߣЩȦidolֻǷʦŻŻ˼ŮֱӾߵԺȥˡ
ѵͲ桭лʦôȥҩʧһ࣬㵽ڸ
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ؼʱ̣ȺлҢĿӢѧϰƻ˳оҼͺͷоҵлҢһĶ
ǣˣҪлʦټõѧվȥң˵˼ΨȸѧSCI-HUBЩ棬ѡSHUYAO-XIE·λǾҽѧģ֪лʦһǸʲôȥˡ
ҽѧĹ΢õ΢˸ޣ˳ŷһлҢĿ
лҢ2019ѧҽѧͬʮ£롶˲볦ȺûơĿ˳2020£Ŀ˳ɣѷJCRһʮƪƪ󣬼ôҽѧڿTUGԼ׫˼Ƹˡ
зʵҩרֱΪٽθ䶯ҩ˲-JFԼ˲-JTУ˲-JTֲȫ򲡻ڷҩгĿհףΪһܹЧ޸弰ȵϸĿڷҩ



52 ʮվ
ҽѧĹٷ΢֤ ټྩҽѧѧҲԣ ϸµ֧ͨ ɹܽлҢ΢ʧһеľ
ҶΪлҢ߿ѡһӢصרҵȥ죬û뵽лҢȴѡҽѧԴʡһĳɼ˾ҽѧ
˶˵ѧ´ лҢӲھѧƼĵطɱһѪ·ڱ˻Ϊѧ޿γ̶ͷʹʱѾʵˡϲ˶Ŀ꣬о⣬ ô˶ĳɹ
ٴη Υ˫ˡ
#˼ҵĶѧ#
#һ˸ٴѧ#
#лҢˮƵ#
УѱӦλCλ㣬 ȴ൱ҵرԾԵĵƸѹ˹ȥ ýձ΢ٷܺŶת˾ҽѧ΢ ĳƣǿǿ
ڱߵˮƵѾµˡ
ô˽ܲɷõʱԴ¼ģ
ѵлҢͲµǻСͻĺ
ˮƵôŶ뵽칷鲢Ϊ׼ģлҢֻϰ칷¼ԼĿжѡ
ڿĵĹУʲô뷨 ֻҪһ칷飬 Ǳʼǡ 칷ͻԶ˵ĻתΪϢ ıĵʽ һʱ칷黹ܽеıĵ϶Ϊһ͵ֻϡ
ÿ϶Ὣ칷õıĵһ飬һΪıĵûд֣ΪܽһڵãԼһʲô
ˮƵĲɷãײҵײǹϡ
ˮƵĸ˸Ͻͽ⣬ĵǸҲ˳ȻлҢĻشֻһűԡԭʵ࡯Ϊ׼ܲ⡣
ܺӢճߣˮƵʦ룬ΪлҢֱӻԸȫʵ࣬ʦѹ˾ӮˣܽˮƵ׶ڡý塯ĳϣϴǸԼ̬ȣѰת
Ȼǽơ
ЩˮƵͷ֮ǰˮƵĨڹˣԼרŲȶȵӪŲʼˡģʽھˮƵĺϡ
Щ˵ĿĺֱӣҪˮƵˮƵ֡ۼ̫ˣֱ󴸵ôһһʯŵ紸ɽѹˮƵòվģδ
˭뵽ˣвȶȣŪ**
΢ϸплҢħԣһһУкյ˶ûɶֳǰʦˮƵһ۵˻˭
Ҳѱʾ棬лҢôѧϰģҶǾƾʲôĴʻô࣬ҶϴѧƾʲôͷôģһԴ[ͷ][ͷ]
лҢңѧϰ޹ϵҪǷҪһϵĻǴžǹĿļԼǿˡ
#лҢ#Ѱʮ𾩴ҽѧ΢ʦ̫ԣѧĶɲϹϽлҢ˽ȻһʮɿƵ

Ϊ֤лҢжôŬ𾩴ҽѧ΢ʦлҢھͼڵĽļ¼лҢҪڹͼ׶ͼڵĽϸҽѧصĽŴ򿨼¼ȶûŹЩ˵֤лҢһ֮жôŬ
λʦȥлҢڵоһȦǴӡĺüףһһĹȥЩ˱ǡЩͨͨƵС
ݲȫͳƣлҢеĴ󳬹İֻܳһʮֻʵóʮֻ
ҪлҢжôŬЩݱǴ𰸣Ҫɵ˻ңлҢھǴ𰸡
ƵʱʮӣλʦƵеֱӻǮרҵƵʦʦʮӳƵԸߵƬʽ˳ҵȥ
ΪлҢˮƵʮ˿ľҽѧ΢ٴӭС߷塣
˼ҵͻȻ;öҲûɶ˼ˡ
ΪʲôſƵ
µľǱ˱㻹ŬΪ֪ԼŬʲô塣[][][]
ǿǿ
лҢСҿ[][]
һΣ
ŮͻȻ©ˡ
ǰˣ
ôСӦ׸ңʵ벻ʲô[][]
ôС㻹ûѣҾٵȵȡ
˵һ䣬ҺлҢǸһͬѧѰڱ󣬴ҶǶ@ϵ֮ۡ
۵൱Žᣬһˮġ䣡Ψһڲͬ˷ĸ̾һ
ѵĿ޿Լ΢ɨһۣظһ䡮Ѻƽ֡Ȼͽֻһȥˡ
ĴѧѽʣϿףûȥѵȥ
Ͼߡ
ʰöɿرϰţҡͷ˵˻ֵͦģúһҪѧô֮ȥӪͰ
-------------------------------------
˲ռûоеͣͰȵо֮Ҷ˵䣬ܻʱʱ͵鼸칷飬һ˵ʲôõĻлҢ
ͺһĽãֱлҢһС
лҢƵʣôˣһô٣
˵ûʲôѹе󡣡
ϸ˵ûʲô۾ȴֱֱƮ칷顣
лҢȻ͵˵ʲô˵ǣ˴ȵúܣֻҪǶû¡оǣ칷ֲһֱţֻÿκʱŻзӦǺûãʶġ
¶ʱĳǰлҢ˵⻰ȸţлҢ߶εĶš
лҢͰ칷˼ңоҵŻָ
-------------------------------------
nature༭
˱༭LisaArmyһ𾪣ͫ׶ƺҪһ㣬ʣʲôˣ
Army˵еͣѧҽѧϵıϵ¶ٽڻˣ㻹ǵ֮ǰ۹ƪ˲-JT
Ǹ̴ֹ޸ϸĹܣϵ¶ٽڸոջ˵ѾǸṩķظʵ飬ʵõľˡǸûѣҲû٣ݶûСϵ¶ٽڽ¼ƪLisa֪ζʲô𣿡
LisaеĽζܶõ㽱𡣡
Army˵ֵ൱ܣôôӹףƪ˵Ķģζоˣкص򲡣ֻܿעȵά档ҽ˵עȵѪǣڵ֯ҲܵӰ죬ԽԽ̡ƪĵ˵˲-JT޸ȵϸζоˣϵЩ軼ͬ˶оˣ
LisaڲĴArmy̲סǷֹһ䣬ҩ˲ȡ˲εļ۸񣿾ҩҲһܹ𡣡
Army



53 ʮվ
ĵѧ༭лҢ͵ƪļΪã nature¾¼ã һ㽫ƪķڼΪǰλá
science༭ûôùġ
лҢͶƪҩѧѾܵˣ˱༭ֳ һΪлҢһغ˵˵һΪлҢͦе˫˺þöûеóһͳһЩֻܽⶪѧ༭ȥ
ǣ֮ǰδҩѧĹ۵㣬Щѧ༭Ҳ׼
ͨҩѧרѧһ㻯ѧҪǿһһѧʽʵЩǿˡ
science༭ʵҲ˻ѧѧרң ֻܽĲֳ֣ҩѧ뻯ѧͬʱˣ һĵĳЩִ⣬ͽƪľܸ塣
Ȼ ׼ȷԵ߼׼ȷԣƪĶûκε⡣
Щѧ༭Ҳȷؽ顶science¼ƪǾ˺þãֻ뵽һеİ취ĵͶ˿һѧᣬרƪеѲ֣ ֳʾҩѧĺԭʹụ̀ Դ֤ҩѧʵԡ
science༭лҢʼЩݣ лҢò⣬ ֻȥΡ
ٴлҢһסҩѧۣжģ˵ʵҪǫ飡
лҢ룬ųɾš
ѾúܶѾоҩˡҩѧ׼ȷԣ뵽ΪֹûзκԵ⡣
֮Բ˵ʮɵİգֻΪšҩѧŸո߹չѿ׶Σ൱ķչռ䣬֮϶˼һۣ˿Ҳܲһվ
ˣҵƪnature¼ˣµǿлҢûͷûβôһ䡣
ȴɵˣnatureʲôʱָnatureͶˣҲ˵scienceͶ𣿡
ȵȣʹˣе㲻̫ʹϸۣ˵scienceı༭һѧ飬ҩѧͬнһסҩѧ˵Ͷnature¼ˡ
Լһ˼·ǱһһذϢεˣлҢʲôʱ͵͵ͶnatureˣͶʲôϹǱоİ֢
ƪ˲-JTϸ޸û֮ǰǺ˵ô
ɶʱ˵
û˵𣿺û˵лҢе飬ǵԼϴδ˵ţξʹʿˣͰ¸ˡ
ؼʱ̣лҢǣΣⲻص㣬صǡscience༭Ҫ󰡣һûоѶûгأô᣿ֱǸѼϼܣɸһ֮
бۿлҢʲô׼ҽѧСôǡscience༭֯ѧ飬ƸܵҴȥѧУ¥Ǳ˵һȰ԰øѧУǱ߿϶ϵģľˡ
Ҫ⡮ҩѧû⣬ǾҽѧҪˡҩƴѧһֱԼҩ廪һӿɾ˵׼ˣڹҩѧʵȻǿҽѧҲðһֻҪվסŸ֮Ǿҽѧơ֮һ
㣬ʱ׼Ȼ͡science༭ԤԼһʱ䣬һºʱ̵̫Ļ׼֣ԵЩִ١
лҢȥ͸science༭ʼöѧڵľʱ䡣
ʼĹѾص칫ң˵ǰһ鵽лҢڡnatureϵ¡
ҽѧعٷȺ
һ[][][]ϲСлڡnatureϷһƪٽ
һ֪ͨСлԼµоɹͶȥˡsciencescience༭ʮֿСлģί֯һѧ飬ĿǰСлͶڡscienceϵԤӡѾڡscienceϹ˳ҿذݶһ⣬¸¾еļҩѧ֤飬ҶμŶ[΢Ц][΢Ц][΢Ц]
ҽѧعٷȺ﷢ϢξûְϢƵ˾ҽѧٷȺԼҽѧְȺС
ЩٷȺһص㣬û˸Ⱥ﷢ԣҲû˸ЩȺ˻Ⱥݣ´ҪϢ
ηϣȺʱը˹Ǵл£ŶͣǡϲǡףżмϤϽڻǾ쵼ҲȺ˵䡣
һɺг
˸ߵúܣȵ°ʱѾúڵ˽׼ùھҽѧʵ¥ˣһУŵ·Լʳſڶ˺
ٷ΢źš԰ߡȵ㣬һйлҢͣϾͰϢѧȫУת
ͶˡnaturescienceҪһᣬһ䡮Բۡ ţơѾԱͬУʦеˣ䡣
-------------------------------------
Ůᡣ
ҦѩȺ򿴵һ֮Լ𣬲ƬתȦԼۡ
Ҧѩȣͬӣѧϰã
򣺡ܷһë𣿡
ʱҲƪתȦ˳ŸԼһҵλʮ㣬ѧϰᶼûʱ[ܶ][ܶ][ܶ]Ҫѧϰȡܶ෢£Ϊһй׵ˣ[Ү][Ү][Ү]
ҦѩȺ򿴵ͺһۣεسǣĻǶŵζ
Ȼ˾ͿǵĸԱȦһ䣬̤ʵأΪͣ
¸ﲻסЦЩӴϷȥ
⸨Աгɣ
-------------------------------------
𶯵Ļҽҩѧ硣
natureϼȻѾƪ£֤ƪᵽĹ۵ȷɿģôǲǾζţ򲡻ߵĸأ
Ϣαδõ֤ʵһȺýСѾǰһ˵ĸߡ
ҹŮѧҷ򲡵ҩ
ʮ򲡻߶оˣ
Ůѧҵоɹ磡
תǵˣҩܻԵϣ
δҩǧ򻧣
Щ֮һһлҢлҢеɵۡ
򲡻һҲһǧˣôͱʮ򲡻ˣ⻹ò˻ˣѶ˲ζ޶ͺҲȡô˲-JT
лҢſ˺ü֮ЩýСһһŮѧҡ߳ܲѣʵڿȥˣԸһ΢Цȥ[΢Ц][΢Ц]úÿġ
á
ֻĻǸʮ򲡻߶оˡлҢԺͻȻһ罡֯Ĺٷͳҳһ򲡻ߵղݣôһҲеľ
򲡻ߵѾһǧңǷȫĻ򲡻ѾͻʮڴصĽڵ㣬ӽȫ˿֮һˡ
˲-JTʵҲ޷ôгӦ



54 ʮվ
˲-JTȱڣ βȫ
лҢǰ
ʵ𰸺ܼ򵥣ȻӴȻ˲ȡġ˲-JT޷Ӵг Ǿֻ˹ϳˡ
˲-JT̴ֹ໯ ϳɵѶ൱ߣпˮһա
лҢ˰Ҳû뵽һȽ׵ĺϳ˼·ֻܽƻΪߡ
һȥѰҡ˲-JTƷ˲εƷ˹ĵΡ֮ȣЩ˹ֲĲ֮ܲҵ˲-JT
һǼѰҡ˲-JTĺϳɷ
ץӲ
-------------------------------------
science롶natureλѧ󶥿Ҫ岻Զ
оҽѧĽ̹˵ֻҪܷһƪnature½ǸʦֱƸΪڣɵлҢ ѡ
ƪµ˻Ǹ
ѵֱӽƸΪڣǲЩЩ
쵼ӿ˸ֻᣬ սлҢİ÷ö޸лҢ ɡ-˶ֱӸΪֱ ȥѧʿѧλ˶ʿѧλĵĹлҢ޹ӦѧֵĻϣ ֻҪлҢܴﵽʿҵҪ ʱ׼лҢҵ ֻҪлҢӦУ ǾΪлҢֱƸڡ
쵼ӽͬ˵ˣεǱΪλӦúʹ죬û뵽ֱӰǾ۳İ÷ˡ
Ǵˣóİ÷ûСߣҸ͸ףҺСл˶ͬģʿ׶ΣûڹڼĴ㡣
ô˵ɣСлѾͬѧҽѧϵǱߵƤ˹Ѿϵˣʿ׶ȥѧҽѧϵ֮زعչҲȷ
²쵼еɵۣѧҽѧƤ˹ڣе졭ѵһŵҽѧ
ε̯֣ûҺĹϵŵ֮ǰҽѧν
ƤСлҽѧչֳ츳ѾӦСлˣСл˹ֻ֮ҪһϵͳĳɹҵԲῨ
Слʿ׶εоѾȷˣ΢ϵͳ방֢ܻ漰֢ĺƵȵȣҲĸ̶ȣɹٶȣҵ϶⣬Ƥڣҽѧǰ;
²쵼ˣ˼ǣԼ˲ţס
˭˵׼˵Щ̫Щһǿȷģƾóĳ⣬˵СлҶϸ
ҽѧɽͷѧɡЭѧɡѧɡѧɵȣгÿѧɶԼĶţһҪۣǼпܾһѧɵĸ
ҽѧȷʵ˹ͷѽΣлҢ**ľͬˮԷ򵥵ˣȥĴѧʵѧɣҲܽѧɸ
˲ŵ
һлס˲ţлٻԻͣٶٹ⣬Ҳɽ
Ҫ졮ҩѧѧܿʹ˹ڹ⣬Ǿٰģǿվͻݱֻ˲μӵĹѧֻᡣ
췽ǡscience༭ǳа죬science༭໹֪ѧ߶뺯ȥЩרҹͬ顮ҩѧѧơ
ЩרѧôܲǲscienceͶˡ
˱վдõ뺯ҽҩѧͬз˹ȥлҢĸ˽һлҢϸ˳
ıֻǇNɪ԰һ͸Ը˶ǡ
ҩƴѧ쿵ԺʿлҢģһƪһƪֱ꣬Ӿ͸ҩƴѧУ칫Ҵȥ˵绰лҢˣֵڣѧУմҩѧƣһֱɫʵˣҾлҢʡ˶ʿʿֱӰڽҩƴѧǵĴ󴬡
˵δʮͳҩѧһ·෴ģҩӭһķչ߷ڡ˲ţǾԲܴǿȫ죬ֻһҪõѧλ֮󣬻ؽҩƴѧν̡ҩѧƴͷ˾Ͷˣ
ҩƴѧУڣϵͳսģоЩԺʿǵĽ飬һ쿵Ժʿô˵ͲлҢϣȻʣǲЩ̫ˡ
쿵Ժʿ˹ȥôˣҩƴѧȱЩְȱڡnature͡scienceϷɹѧߣãôֶڿϷ£֤츳ޣĻٶЩָܱʲô
˶˵ʼƴŬƴƴ츳Ҿⴿǹƨ츳˸УǼֱǿŻû츳˸УǾţܱô
ҵģҿ˺׼ھȥڣ˵ڶڲˣҵľҽѧǱߵﲻţΪҿлҢﶼҵ֡ؼǧ಻壬˲Ϊƴδ
룬ôһѧߣоĶֵáscience༭ҽѧר׶һˣǲδƪ롶scienceкôѧ༭ò⣬֤Ĺ۵൱ӱĿǰΪֹûҵԲĵĵطɿ߳ɣ
Ҫ֤Ὺ֮󣬹ҽѧоɹǾʹһµѧˣһǺҩѧصģʱûж֦ݸ
쿵Ժʿ˶٣ֲһ䣬ʱɾͲǺ͹ڵĸУˣĸУҲŹôһ˲ŵģ㿴ƪġˣ㿴Ҳ
Ҷϵ绰쿵ԺʿеȻǲ̫ΡǽšģΪǵԵƻ˲ȣҩƴѧܸлҢģҽѧܸҾҽѧܸлҢԴ
ֻǻԣһڳɹأڵ׬ڲҲʲô
-------------------------------------
лҢ֪ԼǷƪ£ͽҽѧˮˣ
ͦϲҽѧĻҲͦϲҽѧصĻζҲܺã֪֮
ĿǰҪǷԼϡ
׷ѾܶΣϽ걨Ŀоύȥʮĸ깥ؼƻϾҪʼˡ
лҢ˺ܾãö
ͼϸ㷨о
֢չڵѧ־㷨о
ͼ㷨ϵӦо
бڳİ֢о⣬лҢӻо֢ȫ׶εķչ̣ϵеһЩݼоʵ״⡢ʵʱԼ֢ҩĿġ
одýȥ󣬹׷Ȳشһɵˡ
ⶼЩʲô
ҪлҢĳһְ֢˵ĳһְ֢ĳһֱʽж֢оо˲-JF͡˲-JTһЧҩ
лҢдЩоȷʵ׷ԼǿģоͦߴϣĴţͷ죡



55 ʮվ
׷ͬлҢ˵һ⼸оУ ֵлҢ£˼ڤ죬 ίͬлҢһᡣ
Сл ЩодĶͦãڹҲǰеǰأȵеȵˣδпΪһС⣬ЩоҴое㲻ߡ
ҽѧҪоĻƫٴҽҩЩ⣬ʵ㽫ٴҩⷽһͻƣ֪ġЩĿԱƽʱǸһٴݷһ°֢²Щ漰ҩЧҩзҪǿҩѧߣҩѧﶮҽѧ֮٣Ǹ㿴ҪҪⷽĿһ
лҢ˵һ䡮ǸٴݷҲа 4Tݣ ǿǿи Щݵھȸ ı׷ڸֻܰ൱ǷĻʻ˶ȥ Ȼǵصͷ
У ˽ڣ İšҪɣ ǱȰĿʱЩҪֱӸҷ乤ͿԣҾȫϡֻǿϧҵо֪õʲôʱ򡣡
׷飬Ҫȥһе㲻̫ʵȴҽѧһһ֮һ
˵ǰҵãһƪ˶ʿһƪǲʿһƪǲʿооѶҽѧߣ꣬Ҳͷˡ
׷ڵȷʵлҢ濼һ£վⶼʱõһȥʲôʱ򰾳ͷܹԼˣʱо
ԭĿ漰ѧƽ⣬ҪĵľѿɲһСĿǴҽѧصĲĿߣζóܲСѹ
лҢʱĿԼҵʱ򣬽ҩƴѧУҵлҢлҢھԱߵһԼ˸档
лҢͬѧƺ԰ɡУϴЦлҢĿȡ
лҢУСлС
УżɽʣҾˡСл֪ܲܿǽҩƴѧûȥǽҩƴѧְĴ㣿
֮ǰǾڲˣ²٣һƪѾ¼õġnatureԼġscienceԼֿȵҩרѾҩƴѧ˲ľˣֻѧλϣ΢㣬ⲻ⣬ҩƴѧǲһ˲ŵģͬǽҩƴѧǿԸƸĴһʮƽסһף򡣡
ʵУйϵԼʱлҢͲµУĿģֻû뵽Уôֱӡ
ҿ޷ܾ
ȱһһʮƽ׵ķȱĿоѡ
ҪҽѧߣЩ᲻á
У϶ģ԰ɡлҢʡ
УһڿȣǿȲĿζüͷȱ£ͷȻ϶Ҫģ˵ʮƪϵµȵȣΪҩƴѧλʿλ˶ʿԼ齨һԳо顣ЩԱ˵ѣ˵Ӧò⡣
Եأҵ˼ǣذ칫𣿲˵ҵļѾھˣƽʱоĻͼݺ׶ͼܣȥףЩǰ᲻ȥġ
УҲЦˣû취ڽ꽫ͼݺ׶ͼݸ̳һģһ
ϸ룬лҢڵͣȥû⣬һſʦĻǾͻеǿѣУãлҢǳšо͸λȥģлҢȥҩƴѧھ߼оʵû̫
ϵʵʲôҪ˵飬Ǿʹӽ׶Ǵ׶ȥһҲĸСʱĳ̣¡
˵˶ʿ㣬ԴѧУչɾҽѧͽҩƴѧͬչһЩĿƶһЩʱ򽫽ҩƴѧѧҽѧͺˡ
УѾлҢҪġذ칫ϻǱֳһ൱ΪѵӣšΪѡشӦ
УֻҪоչذ칫Ҳԡˣиǰ˵һ£ҪԸȫְҩƴѧоѵԲҪġ򾭷ѻ֮Ҳ˲רĿоѡ
УлҢ׳һذըҩƴѧһ뾩ҽѧһĵطҽѧ˲żüã̯ÿͷϵԴ϶̫࣬ҩƴѧĻԴ΢ȾҽѧҪһЩҿԸ㱣ֻ֤ҪԸҩƴѧܱ֤֮оͷǾȫУԺϵ֮ƾ
⣬ҩƴѧһǾҽѧûȵģǾǵԺϵ࣬˲ŵɿռ󣬾ҽѧܻķչҩƴѧԲᣬĻǿܻӦķչ
ͱ˵Ǹҩѧۣ쿵ԺʿʮֿۣȾλ鿪֮󣬾ͬҩѧרҵˣǲüҩѧо飬пֱҩѧصʵңģ޷뾩ҽѧҽѧصʵȣҲţҩѧоϣҽѧֻһϵҩƴѧһѧУ
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˺һУűһ䡮û뵽Сл㻹ͦŶա
ϸ룬òлҢȷʵΪ࣬һΧơ˲աչһϵҩѧоһΧơ֢չһϵҽѧо
ֻлҢо˲աĳɹҲڡҩѧϣ˲ؾͺҽѧϵоɹϸĻòлҢڡ֢о򷢱¸࣡
У൱ӵؾƵˣлҢҲȥΪڶļҩѧ㱨׼
Ϊ֧֡scienceֱӽø˳һϵзİţ㽫Ըصרѧ߰
쵼Ϊչһ֮ķòҲ˳ֵ׼Ͼչ๤
ʱ䵽׶ʱŵ㣬ԱȫλЩλ᳡ֻȥŻ᳡Ż᳡תҲ
վڻ㱨̨ϵлҢʽʼ㱨Լҩѧصоɹ
׼PPTΪ˸ŷû񵥶׼һ̨ͶӰԼһA4ֳֽҩѧеĺĲ衣
ڻ᳡УҩѧңлѧԼо·ӱȽҰѧҡ
ҺãҽлҢ㱨ҪǡҩѧĿԼĹ۵㡣
ҩΪһʣضѭʵһЩ˵ѧɣɵȵȡ֪ڲѧ򡢻ѧȵȣѾѧϵѧƣΪѧ㻯ѧôҩѧд治ѧϵһ㣬ԶΪҩѧأ
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죬ҽܣνѧҩѧоѧƵҩѧҩɷֵġδ֪
ڻ㱨һһЩеҩ֤ҩѧȷԣλҲżҩѧȥѰҩ֤һӭжԼҩѧȤ




56 ʮվ
ھԼֶĶ лҢϸҪġ
û㹻İգԲὫóŪˡ
֮ǰй˼뿼ӢһֽгɹǣڵĿгɹҲǡ
ڡҩѧݣ ߼ԴëõҪӹ飬 ʱµҩоɹһۣ Ʒҩﲻ°֣ ֱݼҩѧģûԵ覴ˣ дƪͶscienceġ
ڡҩѧݣлҢ㹻š
ֻҩѧչһҴ𲽽׶εѧƣ кܴķչռ䣬еļҩѧֻڲоԱԴΧ ԭȵĴڵˮ룬 ûдﵽһλԾȷҩﻯѧʽˮ׼
ˣ ⳡᶼȡ˼ĳɹҩѧл൱ҵķ졣
Ըרѧ༸ѵлҢлҢһһ
ڻ scienceȷԸҽҩרѧ߶ûκɺ ¼лҢƪģΪheadlineΪһڡscienceĿƪ
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Ǹ˵ǣ ˡҩѧ죬 ǽٽҩѧо 򵥺ܶࡣ
鸴ӵǣ һµѧƱػᵼѧƻ裬ԭҩѧѧɶŷ뱱ȴڻһִҽѧˮƽֻǿǿĹҡ
ҪǡҩѧԴط϶׽һЩ
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ȻлҢڻ㱨ơҩѧݱҩо߶յĻѧơڻ᳡ŵЩרѧǶúܣҩѧĽֻΪ߶Ҳյġ
ھҩо˵ЩۻҵѧʽѾܽٷ֮ʮŵžŵ˾֮ˣģֻǾӢеľӢ
ҩѧѾͺͷˣټһѧδҩѧоߵķܻʧ
ΪҩѧԵʣЩصоԱ˾ǣɢƷ˻ṩĸ־µĻʳ˺෵ظԵĹңҩѧĻֲء
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˵жܹƪлҢСʮֻ£ۡ
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൱Чʣѧ黹δʼѾ׼ˣȡscienceһ¼лҢ£˳ȥǰ׼õŸҲڵһʱҵ˾ҽѧĹԼϡ
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ףУƸлҢڡscienceϷ£
ףУƸлҢڡnatureϷ£
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лҢʲôʱΪҩƴѧƸˣ
ҩƴѧļҩѧоʱ쿵Ժʿ˧һ񣬵лҢĿݽҩѧоĵԱҲȫλ֮쿵ԺʿὫҩѧоĽлҢС
ձפµڻϤϢϵ˽ҩƴѧ쿵ԺʿԼУ˲ɷá
쿵Ժʿĳȵָ㽭ɽҩѧĳ֣ҩѧо߲һµоԪõСлڵİҩƴѧȳҩѧоģĿΪΪϣҩƴѧܹΪϰƳࡢۡЧҩҲϣСлܹڽҩƴѧĹ˳
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лҢһ޹ҲھҽѧɾҽѧҪҰ
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˲ĸһҵΣͬ˵㿴ܲѧ΢һлҢҽѧꣿҼǵűƵڶ꣬ҽѧѧǱ˶һð꣨ƣҪ㿨Ͱıҵ
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ڵĸУ϶ҪĸУУţŹȼУҲԲܾһڡnature͡scienceϷµѧߡ
ڵĹϵܲסˣҲĸУҪǾͱɳˣ֮չãҪǷչˣþҽѧ᲻ᱻɷ̲Ⱥ



57 ʮվ
лҢҩƴѧƸΪڵϢܿʹϣ 񿴵֮ת˽ҩƴѧ΢ȻлҢ˵绰
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ⲻǿϢ뵽Ѿ˳ӰȦô꣬ οһôôţѧ֮ ͿӰȦЩֵûвŻɵˣ
лҢе ϽĸҰ ⲻ̫æôأ㣬ʲôϷ
һͲôעңתսӰȦˣ һǿǿһʵӰ ¾¶ʣµĴ϶ţǩ˼ҿŻͦǰ;ˣ Լϰ壬 ҲʡЩŵС·
ˣ ¶ ҿ˵ зһܹ˳ԳԺȺȻʵҩļٵģиû
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֪ģǿ⣬ʵϴܵƣԵĶҲֻܳڣܶණǵﳢζ͵³һһ³λǸӣһٻǵܲһݲܼȥҪǸҩĻһ¡
лҢ⣬㣬ģòټ˰ɣ̫ݵĻϾҲÿ
̾ҼǩһСüǹʲôãǹܲס죬ҵүǲ֪Ҿȥ˸Լһ룬ȫ˶ţҪоˣҹǹҾ͵øչˣż·߲ͨģȥг·ߡ
˵ˣҾԼҲҪܷſԺȾǲֵҩǲ֪ԴȦûԹһ춼ǳˮ˺ͼ⣬տ˼ζһǾԵġ
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죬ܸоԵЧű㷽˳ܶ࣬¿ܻ΢һ㣬ЩƢθԸоԼֽŶůˣŮԵĻֱӵķӦǴõʱ򣬶ӲôˣǹˣЧԡǰԤ룬ɱ֮ȫȾҡ
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ôһ˵ôˣҪ뷨˵ݣ



58 ʮվ
лҢ˽ҩƴѧ ¸˶ȥ˳
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лҢ ǿ϶ġ
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ԭҽѧΣ ھҽѧҽԺƵηƸרҵлʽھͺֱӰѵ绰ϣСôģԼ˲ţסˣҿСлĳɹͦõģ ڰ֢о滹ҩѧо棬 ܳôĳɹһ˶춥ǰҽѧˣôðôõ˲Ÿߣ
θϽͣ лϣ ôõ˲ţôøߣ˻߸оأڽҩƴѧǱֻǹһ֣ҩƴѧѧУ˵ĺô ҹƸ СлͬǱҪذ칫˻߸оģ ǻӽҩƴѧǱһЩʵ龭ѣһЩĿҲ˳ŸǱһЩ˲š
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ס˲šĸ˵򵥣ȴ졣
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ĸרң
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59 ʮվ
ν绰лϽڣ һھȺٺٺ٣лϽڸ}ȫëˣ˵лϣСлȥҽԺʵϰǱ ҾͰˣţҽѧ쵼ϵҽѧķչδ ҸһͬСлĻᣬúȰȰȡ۾ҽѧһܰ쵽ġ
лϽﻢ£ֻܺӦ
Сﰡ Ǹҳ˸⣬ һʵϰֱܵѪܿƵġСлоǲ֪ôðȥȿĻ ٰȥͬĿֵ пһ飬Ͳܿóƫˡʱٽóоרʵϰ
лϽڽʱΪʱֵΪԼĻǵ˸ޡ
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Ϊ˸ЩĵĻлҢòһܵʱ䣬 ֻҪһЩʱȥǿһִҽѧʵ Լٽִҽѧﲡۡҩ۹һ¡
ھҽѧͼʱ䣬 лҢͬϵȷһȥҽѧҽԺʼΪµʵϰ㽫ȺͶ˳ȥԼһ˸
лҢͬȺͶ˵ѧ㣬ѧоѾȷˣϵͳоܡо߼о˼άѾģоҪǳȥĥҿܰﲻ̫ࡣδһʱӦòҽѧˣԼעʱ䰲ţʵ鶼Ҫ**ĵʱҲ͵ʲôҪĵطǸҷʼɣʼʽЩ΢ŵĻϢ̫͸ظˣʼˡ
ʵȺͶڿлҢƽʱһֱоҵĵʱ˾ѾˣлҢ˵Ļˡ֮ԡ˵Ѿǳˡ
֮еսôѵĿкܴһԭǵõлҢ֧֡
лҢһо˲աĿȺͶܸоԼϵĳҲʮлҢĲࡣ
лҢһֱǵĲʿģмĽ΢ﻷллҢҪˣǵĻˮһ룬ǻˮ֮
УлڣǴȥҩƴѧְ𣿡ȶŵˡ
ҲһŵؿлҢǶлҢٲȻѾǵĵʦξͬĵλ˵˶лҢҪȶελһЩ
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лҢһͷˮǴȥҽѧҽԺʵϰȥ˰ҲǱ˶У޵Ŀγ̺ѧѾ˸࣬˵·ݿԸҰһ忼Ȿ˶׶εʵϰȴǱܲȥġ
ôʵϰѹһٶʵʵ¡δҶڸҽԺǱ߶ɹʵϰڽѧڿѧˡǸʱټ
Ͱ˿
һң˵ˣһΪҺͰƵ΢Ĵͷ֮ͲأֻҪ㻹ھҽѧͳɡ
лҢѲ˵ãк˶ԣǿɶиҹٹһңǰһЩʵ飬ЩҴȥʿõģǶҷѵ˼
оСһһµģƺʵ鷽֮Ǹҵʵ鷽ԼʵҲˣĵʵ϶⣬ǶֳָɵĶƴһƪĲʿĳ
һʵôܵõŵݣҲʵҪƶ飬ǰõ֮ôôóۣǲʿ׶α˼⣬ҲҪٰθߵĿʶ
Ҫҽʵݸô۸ôƵҲǵĻʾͱˣǲʿģһƪʿģǲûпԼŬѲʿѧλǱְַһ鲩ʿȫ̶ѡ
ȻݷЩҲ̫ģС֣һǷһЩȤideaԼھǶȵġ
ҽѧߵ齻꣬˳Ÿ˶ͰһһΪοлҢŷȥ˾ҽѧҽԺ
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лϽΪһƸȥרңʱ൱ɵģһҽÿҲÿʮţлϽһ쿴ʮžͿԲӹҺŵĲˣһ㶼ŵңϰ߷Źĵң°߷֮ǰͻؼˡ
죬лϽھȻҽϰ֮ǰ͵ˣѻʿվֵĻʿǸһ
ʿϽܵлϽڵİ칫ңʣлΣôô͹ˣǹʲôİ𣿡
лϽڵͷҲ˿ҽѧǱиСҪʵϰԴȥһµİ״ӹҲ׼˫
ʣǿʵϰҪǿҵĻ費Ҫﰲһֵλã
лϽڰ֣ǣȥǱߡһûʵСѣȰȥĲͬףĶ츳ô㲻òЩҰѰ״СҪвҵĺţͬ˵翪ʼҺţͲŶˣֻʮ
Ͻȥ׼ǰŲųлϽڰ칫ҵţž˻ȥлΣʵϰСҽʲôʲôض٣Ұ״Ҳи
лҵһҢ鱾飬Ң˴ҢأҲͰõĳþУʵڲٻ
״ⶫֲǽ£ֻҪ벻̫ףûɶ⡣
лϽôѽܣʲôסˣлϽôӵˣպҲлȻлϽڵĺ󱲣˵Ů֮أ
ֻϧлҢеԻҲжϲŮ
һֹһߣصʿվһ˲䣬ԺͻȻһһƮƮĻԺи˳
лҢҪҽѧҽԺʵϰ
ǸġΧ桷еСΧҺΡʫŮԱ
֮ǰʿվĻʿǰԹǸͲݼȴʮܴŮԱǸѧԣھҽѧ飬˵ѧϰͿرҽԺʦڸЧҩٴлҢġʱʿվеĻʿǻпЩǴһУһУиɣУе˶Ͷ̥ġ
û뵽лҢȻҪҽԺʵϰˣ
нӴidolĻˣ
ʿϱŲЦı߽ʿվһͻΪе󣬽һϢ˻ʿվʿǡ
ʿվһ󾪺һԳлҢ۵ĻʿһлҢİٿƴֱӽлҢض鵽ȡ˳ʵİ״ŸлҢȡһʵϰʮ**ȫδģ
лҢ·϶³ǰһСʱͳˣջǱµΣлϽԼõʱ俰ϵѪܿơ
·ʿվͱһȺбĻʿΧidolܸǩҴˣرϲݵʫڻ֮ĺúÿ
һ໥߹¥ϴүϴһĻƵ˵ҲˣǿͦİôҲѪܼˣһǲúóԷҹģ



60 ʮվ
лϽڵļʱлҢ˳ һ߰лҢƴһлҢСл˵ҵȥҩƴѧν̣Ǿþҽѧ𣿡
ǹթлҢ̬ȡ
лҢʵʵ˵ʱûãʱûҪĻ ܾ͹ȥˡѾѼҰ˾ǣھǣ ȻǸõģʱĸѧУҪҰɡ
лϽԷģлϣСҸȰŵƵģҴŸ㽲ҽԺ 
ָҽѧо˵ оǵһսҽԺǵڶսһգ ҪǲҽԺһ£ ʵЩ˷ѲܡȻںܶҽѧо˵ҽԺҲ׬Ǯĵط
ӹĽǶҾ͸Ÿ˳ ȥ֣ ϵ湦 ȥڿƣޡ
Щٴרҵѧ˵ϵĻ򣬵ôͿʼץ츳Ҳйϵڿƿǻ츳ЩֻҪڿ죬Ҳܲ׾ҪޣȻãڿҲкܶҪģϵĻǵҽƶĸԴ
ȻڿƻƣֻҪﵽרҼˮ׼Ǿûʲôˣ㲻ȱˣȻͲȱǮ
лҢʮϿлϽڵֻⷬߵǰҽҽɵȫ·ӣ¹ʲôˣҽΣҲҽá
áµʱ䣬Ӧôţ
лϽ룬лҢ˹·ȱȥƣȥҽ̿ƣðѼƳõԼҹ߳õĻֶΡַѧˣȻȥ˼Ҳʩչȭš
˵ҽ̿ƣлϽҵҽ̿ƵĸˣָлҢָһʿûʿлҢҽ̿Ϥ
ҲлҢһνؽӴҽ豸
ȻҽѧӸոѧʼͽԼľŵ˿ϣºӹ׷õҽѧԼٴݣҲдٴϵ£ʵϣЩҽе൱İġ
ΪһҽԺڻӦٶĲ֣плļԲΪࡣ
˵ĳطһ㶼ὫĻڼʹˣصĻߣһҲڼнΣ΢ȶһЩ֮תȥסԺЩרǽкơ
˳֮⣬¹ɼġȻҲһЩĹԴ
лҢǻʿе˵˵ϸؽеϤһ飬Щǯ룬ָУҽ̿һµ˽⡣
ִҽѧУֻҪ漰ͻһӲ⡪ϡ
­ȾͲض˵ˣС·ˤһӿϥǣ˿ڱȽصĻҲҪ崴ϵġ
һأҽǰһأֳΪء
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лҢѾʼдβˣִһ´βͳȣ뻮һȥб߻ش𣬡˿ڻָԭ״
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ȷʵȷ𰸣ûκëҽѧʱϲشΪ˶֪൱òʵ
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ҽﶼ֪ӰѪҺͨѾܿˣֱӹϵŲĻָ۲ۣܶҽֱӺԵģβ˵ģֲҽרҡ
ǻʿȵģлҢĴ𰸣лҢдβʱַַŲһҽһ¶ְҵʦ
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Сйһڼﳣˡʿĵؿ佱
лҢͷ豸һϤЩ豸ʹãһѰĵطȻ󡭡һʹȥ
䡢ػأʿ۾һֱĻϣݿ΢ƵʣͿԿһҽĻ
ⶶǵɭǾû취ȥֱģҽѪܵģҽѪܸͱɸӵġ
͸Ļ΢˿е⣬ϿٿβеѪܣзߴȴЩѪбĺۼ
ǻʿ𾪵ģлҢķֱַǡƴַܶҽڷ˿ʱԼضַ
˵Щȡҽϲʮּ ͷϷΪַϷԼ̶ȵر֤˿ڲѿ
ЩҽϲÿһʹᣬеҽȻַַͨ˺󣬶᲻ѡԼõַַ
СʵȴǴŨɫģ۹ⶾĻʿ˵ݲ˿ڵķжϳ˵ҽ˭
лҢķϷʽһβͱʮΣʮ˿Ѿʮ˿ڴϣõķַͬһͬ㡪ϵöܺá
ΪõɫߣǿϺۼģ˿ڵǺҲ൱á
ʿϽȥҽ̿ƵԼлϽڣ˺ʱлҢѾһβ͸ԭˣڶһβͽзϡ
ҽ̿ε۹ҪȻʿܶ࣬Ļ˼۾Ͷʿ˵ȥһͨ·ԣСлѪǺѪ̶ܴͨﵽ١
ͨ·ԴҪӵʱ䣬ڴβ͵һͨˮһѹڴβ͵һ˲ⶨԼٶȣͨһϵеĸӼ̣ԼڴβѪеʧԴѪ̶ܵͨȡ
ͨ·Իûнʾϵͨ·ָԽٷ֮ʮʱҽ̿ѾЦݣѾɹˣָ껹
Ź˰ʱ䣬ָԽ˰ٷ֮ʮҽ̿ϵЦԽˣɵ൱ɹȷ˻Ϊˣָ껹
лϽ۾ɵ൱Ҫָٶʮ컳ҽ̿Ƶͨ·豸ǲǳֹˡ
ָλƵԽ˰ٷ֮ʮŰٷ֮ʮĴرƽҽ̿ϵЦݾͿˣ൱ллϽڣлǴĶ񵽵ıٷ֮ʮѪͨѾҵֵķˮƽ˰ɣǱߵġһҲˮƽ
лϽڻЩָһлҢһβͣһβ͵ķϳɹ֤ʲôһβҲһͨ·ԣҪβͶܴﵽٷ֮ʮͨ·˲ˣֱӴѪܿȥ֮еָϡ
ҽ̿Ƶȴż˵šٵȵȣָ껹ءʵȴѾʼôͬƴкˡ
˲ǴҵģƾʲôѪܿƸռˣ
ٷ֮ʮѪͨ·ɲֻһεµѪͨ·һϳʮһεβͷģаٷ֮ʮѪͨ·Ѿǳˣ
򵥣ʵȴѵһ£ѩżԽŸǰߣм߳һֱֱ



61 ʮһվ
һβ͵ͨ·Խͣڰٷ֮ʮϣ ͨ˴Źڴβе˳
лҢź˴ųһͻȻһԼţյʮ߶ôֵܷͼ󣿡
ʿʮ߶ΣſһҲû лҢʲôˣ
лҢָŵʮΡʮ߶ʮ˶Σ ˴ͼƬŴʮͼƬҵһШ塯ʮ߶εǰ췴ˣβͱǴӴֵϸģѪҲ ҽʮ˶ηϵһʮη ͨʮʮ߶εǺϴʱƿԴڣͨԽͣ ڵʮ߶ڷ˾ۼ ʮ߶ʮ˶εǺϴһƿԴڡӦþǵǰٷ֮ڶβҲһͨ·԰ɣҿڶβ͵ͨ·ָж١
ʿҽ̿Ǳ߿һۣҽ̿εͷ 㶯ֲ
һβͱӦͰģ ǻʿϼ൱Ư Ƴɱ걾֮ҽ̿ѧϰʵϰǿͽβͷŽ䶳
ڶβ͵ͨ·Խ߷ӺҲˣͨ·ָΪٷ֮ʮߵģȫԭֻаٷ֮лҢź˴ųƬӿ˺һҳǰٷ֮ԭ
ʱ򣬻ʿѾδ䶳дʮӵβóҽƷﰲͰȥˣ˷ЧõĵڶβҪһβɶ
һϺõĴβлҢҲպҵ˵ǰٷ֮ԭָÿϿΧֵһϸϸëϸ˵
˿˾ˣٺõķϼҲ޷ü뼸߾ڶʱڽ˿ڸԭ
ⲻ⣬ָ߶ǺϵĴڣֻҪʱ䣬ԶϣҲһʱ䡣ʱ˻֮ͿϵĹԸԭˣӦòʲô֢
β͵Ķεӷ϶ɹˣͨ·ָﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮϣҽ̿ξͷ·𿴵תһסеļлҢ
ôģֱŸ첲ҲְҸոտ΢ϵʱ϶̫ˡôģ
лҢ˵ʵûôת뵽˵ܻһʵϵӡ󣬵ߵĻͱˡ
ûʲôرķﾭøˮƤˣһҪ㽶ƤƤƤƤЩԣ˾ͷϼ룬ôëõĸ߱׼ҪԼҪѵĻֽֽ΢һֽͱˣԽüֽһһ죬ģԼֲϵļ򲻸ˣֻҪ
ո˵÷ֲʵҩѧʵ˵൱顣ַֻǱȺ׵һҩѧʵĻõ΢׼׼ʵ飬Ѷȱ߶ˡѧ
˵ͷͷǵʵȫϹ
µǣҽ̿ƵλƫƫˣԸǻʿ֮ʵϰʱǵýЩתǡСлӣ˼ӽѪܷͨ˰ٷ֮ʮϵģӰ֤ⷽһȷʵϰǶԳԡ
ʿϽ
Ҳʱ򣬻ʿŶлҢ֮ǰشǸϱ׼ǿջ
лҢϵĿľǽ˿ھ츴ԭҽõһױ׼лҢͺͷһ
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лϽĿлҢһ似ķϼ֮ԽᶨҪлҢھҽѧġ
΢ּʱ϶Ҳȵúܣг޸ҽֲǻҲӲлҢѾ߱ԤϵǣʱգлҢһɾ˵ҽԺһлһ롯
ҽ̿һлϽڣͬлϽ˵лѪܿôæȻȥɣСлţֻҪоҾԲġǱȥкˡ
лϽЦһ£ûܾǵСл绰ɣѪܿǱҪǸ״ӵĻʿ绰㵽ѪܿƸű߿ѧ̨󣬷ϲ־ͽ㡣
лҢϽԼֻŸлϽڡ
Ȼ˾ҽѧĸҽԺ϶Ǳѧģѵµʱװ˷ˣ
лϽһߣҽ̿ƵξлҢ˼ƣֱ˼ƵλһԸŮҽ
ʣӴʦôˣ
οеʦҽ̿ƵƣлϽͬһģƵĻƵѧƺлҪһ֡
ָָлҢлܹ˲ţ԰ƣƷҽ̿ƲԹˣβʮΣʮΣ̶ͨȳٷ֮ʮ֪ȱˣ͸͹ˣ㰲һ£š
۾˻һʦģʮζܴﵽٷ֮ʮͨ·Ҳ˽ڰ
ϺõĴβͻҽ̿䶳أ㲻ŵĻԸȥһͨ·ȥ
ưлҢڼƾˣγлҢϹŵƣе죬һʱҲ벻û룬һЭ䲡˵Ļʿǻʿˡ
ǻʿлҢ˼ۣǽлҢˡϵɫƵ˵Ҫ϶԰ɣҪҪţ֪֪šҪˣŰȥ㺰ٸ㺰ʿ崴ϵ豸
лҢͷûٶ˵
ǻʿˣͲ󣬻ͦ䣿
㲻Ҫ𣿾Թܹ㾫ƣ۳ɹһȥ
Ա֮ǻʿֱӺڻͷ鲻Ǻأû˵ҪλѶȲ͵Ĳ˸лҢ
лҢյȫգ˾崴鷳£лҢȴã崴λĻϵù
˵˿ȫưúúлҢһˮִЯСҩƿȡһͷµţ߳ңǸ䲡˵ĻʿвһЩ
ǻʿԭ㷲أеԸлҢϵЩѶȲСĲˣһϵûˢӣЧãøŵù
ûøô죬лҢѾ˰úˣǻʿĵһӦǡҪ⣬һϹŪġŵϽȥ˵ķû뵽˾Ȼϵͦã
Ѳϵˢӣ
ʱһлææ˹Ƚ㣬һ˵ָըˣҪϣŵĸң
ǻʿʶرлҢڵңȥʮҡ
Ȳ˱ƽȥ֮л˿һжźãŹ˶ʮӣܹǻʿȽ㣬ʮרң
˴һ֣ҿоͦġոǸ˵ָͷըˣҪָӻвУȻ˵УһҩҪֺһ䣬ȥ׼ˡ
ű±Ⱦջ轲ǻʿĲˮһ±±ܣʲôУһ߹ϵĹϵָӺӵͣ
Ͻȥרң˱ȥĸˣ˻ҷˣⶼ˶ʮˣ˸òǵý֫˰ɣشҽ¹ʣ



62 ʮվ
ʲôλ ϵֶʲô˵лһлҢǸϵɫͱˡ
ΪǴרأ
˶ŵùǺΪҪشҽ¹ʣϽͷжһȥҼƵĻΣ һȥԮ
ŲȥлҢҵŮʿȣŷˣ ͬλ㱨ʱǶŵģΣոһֹǱը˵ĲˣҰŴˣ ŵոǸϵȥˡǹϵҲһɵ󵨣 ȻˣðңѾ˶ʮ
ɫ䣬 Ҳ˵һЩϵֹըô͸Źȥˣȣ ɱңָӺҲ㵽ȥһѶȵ𣿡
ζеĻܣŻʿһȺس嵽лҢõң ޾˽ȥ ͼлҢѾָӵһˣ ӡ
ǴͷϷƶѵеѵ㣬Ҫ񾭸ӴˣֵĹܾͳ׷ˡ
ΪǾֲ²ƸŵҽǸȨİ֮£ߵлҢߣЭʿùеһ߸лҢеһߵʣҲҽӣжٵİգ
СųɾŵİաлҢǰʾĻ߶ȼУǯס񾭣ɿطãת۾׼һ񾭡
ϵ൱࣬Ƿֲ漫ĩңвͿܻȥһָĹܡ
Ƶҽڴʱ򣬶ѡҪҪ񾭿ܱסֹܣһ㶼ָľʧȥʹ
Ҳû취飬ϵ̫ˣҪչ˵ÿһ񾭡ܡ
ηлҢ·Ҳܱ׼񾭴ŷٶȸǿ쵽˷ָЧҲŴλԭȵȥվлҢߣ۾ʾĻϵ񾭷룬ÿһ񾭣ͻɨһʾϵʱ䣬Խˡ
ǴĶðĹ̥һֻʮӵʱ䣡ǺϵЧôá
ͻȻЩлҢ˵ġС͡ųɾšˡ
һܴŷ񾭣ֻҪʮķӵʱ䣬ָܽϵҪȫ꣬ȻҪ񾭵޸
ҪҪһЩлҢ˰Сʱŷɡ
ϴҪ񾭵ڼ䣬лרһΣлҢʮ󣬾ˣǶôõרҹҸʲôǺϼֱǽ̿鼶ģҹNɪ𣿡
רˣȴ˿
лҢļܵõרҵϿɣ˵ⳡɹһ롣
ҪȫϣμлҢһʣǲǴϱƤ˿ˣҪ۵Ļ졣
лҢҡͷۣûϱƤ˿ڵʱ򡣡
һͣʣòỹЩôӰ칦ܵҲ˰ɣòŵġˮƽѾ㹻ˣֻҪָвʲô⣬˵ֹܻϲܵӰ졣
ϲܵӰ죬ǾǻܵӰ졣ȻҽȻҪȫãҾá
лҢǯһ񾭷˳
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Ȼһ̫࣬ҽԸȥֺá
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ллҢͶأɨһҩסлҽ㵽Ǻηʥôҩأ
ңлҢժ֣¶毺õһϴҺ֣һ˵ǾҽѧѧһݵĻҩƴѧƸڡĿǰûдȨҩֵ鷳ΰæǩһ£ҩֵĻԸ취ȥʻΡ
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лϽ죬ҩߡ
ҩƴѧƸڣСʿǵģ
οлҢдҩҩǩ֣ȥҩҽ֮ȷҩûʲô⣬֢лȥҩҩ
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ЩŻʿҲҰлҢɡϵˣлҢǹϵҽӲĹϵƾԻӭ
֪䣬Żʿ͵̬ʲô˶лҢˣһܽһĵ
Ƶֻ֢ҪлҢڣøסԺתֱӰѲȥʮҾͿԣлҢղƵרҲ
һ˿ڷϣлҢæҲֱлҢȥΪлҢֺֿá
һûģлҢĲ˶ڷϡ
ҽУ˲УлҢһ˿ڷڼѾˡлһ롯ĳƺţȻȴˣһˣҲӾܸ㶨֡
лҢģȥ۲һǸָ񾭷ϵĲˣֲ˻ָͦгɾ͸У׼ԱҽԵġ񾭡дһƪĳҽӡ񾭡ûңͼһܳɿشԶмѧģ󺰣ҽҽҭˣҽ
ҭˣ
Ǵ׻ҪǻҽѧǾʳܵµϢ
ȻлҢͱ˷򣬳ŵܹܳȥɨһǲ˵ɫֲͬǸѾɫ
лҢȥһѾͣ￩һ£ִҽѧУѾжΪˣҽżصķУһָϸж˵Ƿ壬δĻֻǴڼ״̬С֮
лҢ̽Ĳӣоһ˿˿һѽקȭĺĿڴȥ
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ȭȥ˶ŸоֻۣĲͻȻǰһ㣬һʨͷֱ˳
лҢо΢׳ʵһЩ˻оȣң׼ǣ죡



63 ʮվ
ҭȥڼȳ·ϣ Ѿֹͣˣȳеҽ뻤ʿǱɻҽ̬ȥˡ
˵СĻðյʱ򣬴ĴˣΪ˱һ̺ʨͷҭסģȳϵҽ뻤ʿΡ
ӡ֤һ䡮Ͳ
ҽԺѾˣ ƹ ̰׳ݵġȻ޷Щ˵﾿ʲôҽ뻤ʿЩ˵һ
ףƽ
ΪʨͷҭȥСһˣƵҽģû뵽ͻȻһҽ޹ĵ˺ϴȭ ǺʨͷȻˣ
Ҳǵ ȳȭͷ΢СһĺʨͷҲ̣ʱġ
о𣿡ȳлʿʡ
лҢͷִڵܳϣ קŵܳʮܣ ǣǣ
ʿվĻʿϽ˳ǹϴ£ʱʱ£ü÷£лҢһץס죬 һ ʵغʵ¾ͱм䳶ˡ
ʿǸϽĵͼ
лҢֳ׼õĳֱѹȥ ѹ£۾ĵͼÿζڳѹȥʱĵͼŻһССĲ³˳
лҢϽȵĻʿ˵ʱѾ˱ͬлҢ˵Сл˾Ȳˡ
ȻڼƼ𣬿뵽һҪǻʹ
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ĵͼϵĵ粨޵УӲ򵽹򣬴ֱֵǽ΢һ
лҢĻʿѾ˵ˡ
лҢŻѾԼӹŹ˻ߵ򦣬һ黼߿ǻûɶвʣһʸ߿ҩ
Ϊ߲СʱעҩƷѾдˣȥûǩһ¡֮СʱڲܽʳټҲܽʳСʱ󣬿Էʳ
עҩƷʱֻעһΣע֮ͷΡƵΪעһΡֻעΡ
ҩϵҩҩҲȥһΣλǩֵģǩ֮ȥҩȡҩãʮˣʮڲܽо˶
ӵʱ俴Ʋһ񷢸ͿʮӹȥˣͣӣǾľ롣
лҢ߳ңǼѧΧҽôˣ
һȺĿһװ˰˵޵ɫѾࡣ
лҢժ¿֣ûʲô¶ˣһʿŽɷѵǶȥѷýˡ
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ڻеȱѾҺˣ˴ŰСʱѡǵʱٽȥ
лҢժ׺Ϳ֣ܳϻһЩ³Ļͬʿ˵һ°ɣԺʨͷʱҭסҲԻ·档
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лҢ˾һʱûӦʮ˵װȸȵֱô֣ôһǲѹģôȥ
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лҢһ£˲Ͳ˺ߡ
ⶼʲôʲô
ǲ̫Щ
ԸҪĲˡ
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ȳϵЩʿҽţȥȿƲһۣȷĲѾָֹˡ
ĶĺˣͣʮˣܸȹҪǻҽжˡ
˵֮ǰͣӾͱжΪˣǲǶӦپһţ˼ұܻҽǲֱ֪ӸжΪȥ᳡ˡͻȻ;Ĺȥˡ
ʮҵҽһҽѾжΪĲ˸ȻˣϢܿʹ˼ƣûлҢֱʣҵǸлҢֵǸʿ
ǸʿɫлҢ˵Ḷ́лҢȭʨͷʼлҢֳǲúȭͷŴʮ£˵Ϊֹ
ǻʿܽһ䣬Слҽĸ𰡣յʱҪǷŵҽϣ϶ֱжΪˣӲǴүѲ˵˻
θлϽڴ˵绰ȥżɽʣлʦǸСҽʲôͷ
Ǽ֮һ̨Ķǵһ̨ǶϹӺӣַƯ񾭡֧񾭡񾭣ȫˣո־ȻһͣʮӵĲˡ
ǰɣСле֣ҩϲҩҩоΪҩαҩαѵСлҽרҵģ
лϽû뵽лҢôⲢһѣСлǾҽѧĸ߲ǻΪ˷һƪĺͷʹʱСлѾ˺ܶһʸˮƽˣڡscience͡natureϷ£ЩǺҩѧصģҽԺǸȵҩĲԣоġ
ҿҽѧҪоⷽ棬˲ٺ˼£Գȥ
һ£ôأҵﰡӦȥﰡʿ˵˺ܶⲻţɱ𣿡
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֪˵лҢҽѧоҩѧоķ붼ûŹأҽҩּҡҲֻôһŪԼˡ
˵񾭳ȥͬϵΣҲȥͼݿ飬ԱȽϹ㣿Ը˵Ŷûɶ
лϽڸտ磬ⶫǻοѧģСлȷʵ ҽ̿ǱŷβÿβʮϿģѪͨȻﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮϡ
Ժһ뵽лҢ֮ǰͬ˵Ըѧҽ뵽˽ڣˣСлѧԨԴСлھҽѧѧҽΪҽĵӡ
лϽڻȻ򣬡ѹƵЩ˵СлҩʱϲҩءܲҩͲҩԭ򡣸ҺСл˵һ£ҩ;ҩʡ£ҲԸšҩԼ˵һЩҽڣƵýͷö



64 ʮվ
ҽԺһرаŵ˵ ҽԲ˵ԼУҪһ˵ͻһһĲӿ
лҢžǷҽԺɻ䡣
ֻĵֹһȽУһһĲˣ˿ڷϾв¶ʮÿǼƳġлһ롯 Ȼæ
֪ô֮ͽɱһˡ
ҪǼʲôȽϽĲˣ ʿẰлҢһȥҽۻĲ˶ˣлҢҲᱻɡһȥ
ڿƣЩڿƵҽϲлҢ
лҢͬһҽķһһҽﲡʱ á 顯ʽ лҢҽһšʣҲ˹ȸ˰Ѹ ȻٿŶ֢ĲԻ鵥 Ÿ˿ҩ
ҽʽҩ
лҢͬһҵĹҽлҢÿһˣҪڵûһӣʣǸʲôأ
ٴ˵ʵݡлҢ
źˮĿյ ƵлҢλ棬 һۣ ɻõʲôǿ䱸İɡ
ǣԼֱһС򣬺excel࣬һӱڵú󣬵һύЩݾԶϴҵȥˡ
Ϊˣ㻹̣
лҢͣҵžͱֱƿһֵ˳˽ڹлҢϿһ飬嵽лҢǰʣǹɣ
лҢվһ£ҹʲô£
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еֳлҢƹлҢһ£ü˵£֡
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лҢƵһ£Ͻɫ
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лҢǲ£ѾˣվһվĹλǰס裬㣬Ȳһ̫̫Ĳٺ˲һ顣
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СлǸ㰩֢оģ֪ͷгǷơƣûΡͷӲȥʱҲ߸£˶嵽֮ͳŲסˡֻ̫̫˻ûаʹֻ̫̫ܽԵ㿹ҩӳ
ֵһָָס裬ƨȥԺˣҽ˵ʲô¶ûУֻҪڵдһžͿԡ
ɫ³ױˣֻʱų۵ĵ֭˵ɫôƣβ˲ңܴҲҪʿǻģ̫̫ʲ̫ã
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лҢԭȻ˼ҽϵĽԼԼʵϰ̣̾ʵ̲סˣ̧־ͳӻĸ첲ץȥ
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лҢסһߩбѪ˳صؿһɤҲһЩѪűѪϺһĨֱؾ͵˵ϡ
Ŀɿڴ
ֵ˽ʱлҢᵹڵϣѪ޵ñݶˣòҡ
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ҸողźһǩϷҽԺ¾ȥģڰҵˣôģҺòͨΧ桷͡ҺΡһȶȣôһȫûˣҪĲϷǧƬ겻ãһΥԼ𣡡
뱨Ҳܰװװٴ򣡡
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лҢɫøӾָ֣Χ۵ĲԼʣǶ˰ɣŹҽٸ˲
Ҹ㣬ھҽѧеҽҩзĿݶֻҪݶһһ㣬Լ룡
Ź޹ҽҽƻоƻȥʮηһȥֻҪһˣҾ͹ʦŴ˾㵢ҶƬΥԼȫ⵽ҵ
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лҢ޵һѱһʱܱȥһ˵ˣ֤ҽĶȺ壬ĸҺǶְңôˣǰܻҵĹ󣬻ҵְҵģ
ӼΧ۵˶ǴĿ⿴³׻ˣԼ·͸˿ǿˣڻһأ
һΧ۵̫̫һȦ⣬аࣿ˵ʲôһۣô˵Լأ



65 ʮվ
лҢôҲڼƻһܶ࣬ ͬҽʿͬС綼˸죬Ҷ֪λʵϰҽƢãϵıҲһһĸߣƵĻһԹҪƯִӹŹϾȻһҶΪ˵ˡЩڼƴʱ䳤˵Ĳ˶֪ Слˢӣ
ۿСлƯƯ϶óѪƽʱ˾ЦСл޵øγϣ ڵɪɪֵ׳γĶԱȣԹȺеġ塯˳׷׿׳
Слҽҽôã˼һǾҽѧĸ߲ ڰ˼Ҹˣ ɣ
㵽ǲǸôÿŮޣҲȥ򣿻
Ů˶㻹ǲˣ
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ֵ׳ûӡ˭ִŮҽзӦ ЩߵĳԹȺĭӸˣƽһᵽưͳԻп˵ί
ûдңҶڻأ׳ٿĪ磬ֻһظʵ
лҢݼһ˲ٴεõ ޵ͷ촽ˣ ۵ý Ⱥڵ۾ѩģ߱㰫û㷢Ҳûôܴù㣿ɣñһأ
ֵ׳Լĸ첲ٿлҢһܴܵƽһζԼļ˻ɡ
ѵոĲˣִСҽ
֮ǰִԡֿ̫̫ˣһ˵ۣҿҲǶ۵İôĿͷСлҽߵĶӰɣ㵱ǶɵӣվŵСлҽ㣿˵ǸɵӣվǶСлҽߣ
ֵ׳оԸԩҪж᲻ᵯŵί㹻ȥЧϽŮˡ
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ҸովǱðСҽƭˣɴˣקҵĸ첲ܰҸͺƲһֱӾͰˤڵˣҵļڻأ
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ϴһ˵֮Աǡ
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Слû°ɡζлҢ
лҢ޵óһҲҪιȥˣֵָ׳˵衭衭衭
飬лҢһġ衯ִ֮˭أ
ͷãһק׳һ첲һ˸ϳҡ
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ΪģҲΪԼģǸҽԺƿٿһֻᣬλͬ˵ĸ׸ûͷĴһ˭ˣô˵ĸҽԺҽ˵𣿡
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سǺйϵõһ֤Ȼͺ̯ԵһĴҡײƭԼҽжôôʵϸθͷȶò׼ҩŴҽԺҽ˵ĻţĹôţгǰɣǵ켫ȥ
￴治֪ôģ𣿡



66 ʮվ
Ҳˣ ʵ뷨ֻһôڶң
ҽԺļ㲻ţȥһûֵġһӼ߰ߡʷĴ򿴲ǴϽˣ
㵱ǴϽүʱҪǵĲοװ
λ侲һ㡣ΪҽԺóҽԺͬҽƻߵ֤ ȡ֡
ڣΪǹھҽѧҽԺģ Ȩϡ˴ߣƽأҲ빫صСлҽ
лҢ
Ҫ빫صˣôȥϵѪʪһܲİ
룬 óԵ˳˼ԣ ⳡ־ҲӦýˣлҢþա
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СƵƽ̨˱༭һƵܸж˳־͸ƵһҳƼ
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СƵƽ̨ϻˣѻյƽ̨ϣѶлҢҳ棬˵ҪҽѧҽԺοлҢ
Ρȵȶһһ˵绰лҢлҢ˵ûº󣬲ŷġ
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лҢˮԸ¾ͳ˼ѧϰƻĺ̨ϵͳȥѧѧϰʱϸһˡ
˼ѧϰƻʲô⣬ѧ˼ѧϰƻͶʱˡ
ܶѧ˼ĿĶΪõѧУɷofferǽ˼ˢ߷ְ˷֣ѧϰҲֻԵ⡣
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67 ʮվ
лҢȷֱ֮ ͽĿѧ鳤˹ȥ鳤ЩƵҪڶʮھ͸㶨ԼֱڵȣֱӸѧѧԱȫ˹ȥ
лҢνθЧѧϰ
ϣѧֱǽлҢļһȥ
н׶Σ
˼Զȡ9ֳɼƸΪŴѧӢоĺоԱ
ŴѧӢооԱ
ȫӢݽھ ָʦ
ʡ߿״Ԫ
ѧ׶Σ
ԵһߵݷˮƽSCIʮƪڡnature롶scienceϷѧģ
Ƴҩר Ѿٴ׶ΣЧ죻
ҽѧ˶ҩƴѧƸڣ
ҩѧ۵ߣùҩѧѧ糱

ûκ۵Ŀ佱źʵ ˵һ⻰ лҢôѧϰ𣿺
ʵĺһpo˵Ŀ⣬Щѧķը Ϊ˱֤Լҷң ֻܽγ̽ӿڣÿεΪѧѧԱڲγ̡ˣѧķߵ˱ıԵ
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лҢͷʾ˽⣬ȻûԲ뵽ƷĽȥѧƸʦҵڶʦڿԸû˵
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Ŷҵүⶼǻ⣬ǲٴ˺𣿴˵ͬѧȥѧϰƻʮٻҵֱΣ
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ǼǮۿӣʲôʱ˵㻰ˣȦˣĸǷԸ˵ЩļٵģթǼپ裬Ҳвĸ㹫ġҾʶüֻҪúø㣬Ǯ鲻õģ˰
ȦѣֻҪǸģʮϰ¶һմգܽҽֻ𡯸ͷİɡ˵籾¶ǸݵҪжôߣֲǲ֪ôϧëˣԼþ磿ĽӾˡǵһ׼Ŷ˵˰ʱֱӰȺȥ
лҢʣǵݶ˵ҵݼԸϷɶģ
ɶϷҰƵȥԱݳСҽĸо״˭϶ģҽǹɾȴϰ״Ӿܳĳġ



68 ʮվ
лҢһвϴˣ һͬƵģºӳ˲˻ʱֱᵽ̨ߣӰھͷһ
һӾͼˣҿոչȥһˣʲôʱ̸ˣе㾫ݣֻһۣ ͦ˧ģҢʵ ʲôʱ̸ģеǸʲôģôƷôＸˣҿô
лҢĿɿڴ̧ͷԴϻһʺš
㣬ʲôأҸ硭
һҺܶӣЩǻ棬 ̸̸ ˵ʲôҸ硭ȦġҹԾ籾װ
лҢҸ硣
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лҢ̧ͷѳĳºĿģӵϲӦϴϴӿ룬֪һڳȥжϸڣ
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ҲǺ֧֡
һͨŮӣܻúҸΪ籾ǿ˾ģһ˵ͦ׬Ǻ׬Ǯ˵е㼦ߣ㲻ݳƷһ𣬿ܻŮǿͣʱιϵͻ˫ۡ
˵ۣԺ˵ѹ൱ĲáҪ̸ĻȦʲô͵ûУ͵ģϸɲ͵ģС͵ģС͵ģgaygayԵ͵ġЩ׬Ǯ൱ƣ⡣
˶٣ͻȻ˵һ䣬ҢȦĴڰҺ㽲Ȧﲻڰ顣
Ȧ˶ǿģ㳤ú⣬Ȼһˣǡöôһ˼һҪһ|ҹ|ˣ˵û̸̸˻飬ЩҲĶޣмĶ
ʶԶֲ˵Ҫ׷ĻӦû˵Щ˵֡Ҷ˵ǶԷôôϵãʵȦߵý˶֪ڶ͸ˣҲӰ˼ӣһȽϿŵ˵ʲôʽʽϵ
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Ҳ뵱ҰޣһԸŰ飬ҲԸӵаġҲΪʲôҪľȦԭ򡣡
лҢʼĵʣͺһ˵ʵʳĵĻ
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ҡͷô˵أʵ䣬ԼһʲôˣѾˡ
ҵż׼һһҪȦڵˣΪΪ֪Ȧж໨ҲҲܽҵż
ڶһҪǮܹȥҲǶôݳƷˣݳƷױƷνǮԼûǮԼ׬Ǯ֮򣬵˺ôܱ֤ɣҪԸͣþϸŻȯҲ˵ӲãֻǲҪ
Ҫ΢˧㣬ȻãӰһֵ
лҢˣ㵱̸أԵ˾ǵˣûûȻ㿴Ϻ磬Ҹǣߴţ֮ôչ취ӪȥҲȰ㲻ҪͷһͷȣòӦİ飬ǽй򡣡
ǰĻ𻨻࿴Ķ̣Ƕǵ¶ǣϾСҵѣҪΪ绨ѩµ¶Ӱ쵽ҵĹϵҿɾеˡ
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г˼䣬ߣӴлҢлҢָǾµףһṵ̀˺ˡ
ôţǲҳղ
лҢָָϵף˰ɣĸĳղҿô˵ʱͶϽһ߶ȥעŮ󣬺ӶվӻˡողŮô˼ҽһ룬ŮŮˣһûϷ
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кõĻ˶УǸţлҢʼĥԸ˵ֱεʱ򣬸ýʲôɻ
ôоѧϰͽѧϰ͸ˣָĸЧѧϰܽ˳ѧѧϰЧʵ͵ԭ򣬲Ƿ⣬ǷǲԸȥִС



69 ʮվ
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лҢºȥһ绰º˵ٻðСʱܵ ֻȿʼֱ
Ϊ˲ лҢ΢ԼһױԼɫ΢һЩ
֪лҢҪĬɳȥ϶ˢƵ
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лҢ԰ǰͷ ֱͬ˴һк Ȼ⡣
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ûȫȥŬѧϰˣûʸԼõķǷڴġ
ٸ򵥵ӣ˼ѧϰƻһһϾͱ˸˵ĶʿںȥϸĻܶ˾ͻ֣ᷢ˼ѧϰƻвûи̫رµĶ˼һЩصעʻ㡢﷨Ѿȡ
̫̫ڽЩԼôһײϣ潲ȫӲ˸ɻϵܹЩϵĶȫ͸ȫѧףĳɼ⡣֪һҲٿ鲻ò˼ѧϰƻ
϶˵ԼѧʱЧʵͣѧϰƻͰߡȻѧϰƻ㡣ںܶʶˣǵ㹻Сĳɼܺãѧϰƻ֮ǰʲôѧ˼Ϊʲô
ǽʷ⡣ĻǰֱͬѧԼڵǰֱңǱʦְֽ̳ѧǰʦ᲼Ԥϰҵϣʦһһظȥκ󣬻ʦþ׼ϰ⡭ʦ׼һպѧϰ·УѧϰЧʾرߣѧĶܼסһԼѧϰʱЧʾͱˣܶණѧѧѧ֮Ҫϸ룬ĸڳ⣿
ѧ˼߿Ӣѧԡѧϰĸֿ϶İеľˣСܵĽǡѧϰʦͼҳԼֿǰȥѧģм˻ȥ©ȱ
ѧʱʮѧϰɵġѧϰϰ߳ܶɵɵΪԼֻҪһΡһ飬ѧúܺãԲλǿ⣬һһҪЧʣ𣿡
Ӣĵʡ򵥵ĺԼԭʼļӼͨǰԤϰʦһظȥκһ̣ѧѧģֵѧ˼ѧӢѧиѧGREʱ򣬴ôͰԼǹĿͯˣ
һ׷ȫԵθյҲʳİٷ֮ʮңٷ֮ʮҪάճģܹΪ֬ж٣
ܶ˶ԼԲãѵǾóԱȳ򵥣
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˶͵ԳԵķʽʳһ΢ģȵѧϰȥͬҵĿ֮󣬲ȥɱЩ׷ɢע飬ǶҵPPTȫעؿ˺üʮ飬˵˺ܶĻطţѧϰȥЧܲ𣿡
ոᵽѧϰƻ㣬ʵֻҪѧϰƻˣӦ֪ѧϰƻĺʲôҪϰĳ֪ʶʱ򣬽һ֪ʶ㼰ʱسֳ֮ǰѧĶõʱĹ̡
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֮ǰѵƻںõֳҵȥ˵ǣΪ˽ļ۸ҪܵгӦ̵ʱЧʣǲǾѧϰƻAIںȥʵ֣
ֱȤͬѧԿһideaôǿǣƻǿѧԡ

һ·ƴڻʮӺܿ͹ȥˣлҢгԺӵֿһֱʱ䣬˼췢һ飬سǹ׶ˣոһӵĲˣҲǡùԣֱ͵ʵֱεĺѾλˣǡѧϰ
ѧϰƻ֮ԻЧ֣ʵǽѧϰĹתΪ˱ʡȥ˴Զ©ȱʱ䡣Ѿˣ֮ȥִУʵǴҪԼԸжôǿ
һԼԼbattleҲݵbattleϣҶܳΪԼףԼе
Ҵֱһʱʲô⣬ʱʣҾڽʮ֮ǰش𡣴ҶѧĿγʲôΣҲʱоᣬǶ濼ǵġ
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ߵСºлҢ飬Ķе㷢ȣһ
ϲͱСһģòȡֵ֡
оĲͻȻûʲôζˡ
лҢĬĬһ䣬һɱ
º˵أΪҵԵʣҶδżϣǣѧܸһ㣬˶ʿʿ֣ѧУҲһҪ󣬲˵ǵǿ山ǹڵ985֮Ȼ˵ЩʣҾã˵ҸǻһµԼ޼۽ϵģҪЩ̫ҲΪԼʲô
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лҢ̧ͷһ٩٩̸ĳºֿһɫԷĬɱ
ºֲһ䣬أһȶĹ˵ҽʦʦоԱȡֳڷɻϣϲմҵˣҿ϶޷ܵġ
лҢͷĬɱ
˿ѪѿգѵضˮһڣӲһЦͷУһЩҪתǸСģҾûϷˡ
ºѵ˵ǸСﲻΨһǸС



70 ʮվ
ڳ¡ֱС£ õϣǣǿЦлҢҢżģ
лҢʮ룬Ȼһ䣬СŮ̸ġ
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ڲ̸ Ҿһͦõģʲôͳʲôʲôʲô Լзгд ΪʲôҪһ˸£
̸ıʣ˴ӶԷϼȡůҸһЭòԼůԼͺˣôӱϼȡů ǸֵЭò˳֮ǰ Ҳ뽫͡
֦˵ һ죬һ˶ˣпܳʲôӣͥôûʲôӲҪ󣿡
лҢ룬ˣⲻųȽҸ޷ܵһЩųСѡΧҺú롭
ȰɣҾ಻̫ڰɣҪ̫Ļ֪άȾͻᷢƫҲ˵ĴԭͥĴǲɱģ齨ͥĻҾûǵһЩá
أҲҪԷͥôôãֻϣԷܶιϵ㹻ҳϣҵļ˵ˣļ˵ˣΪ˫ͥ󻬼͵ͼȡͥϵЩ
ΪұȽտأϣδİܹúÿЩֵʮϰɡ
һֱųººķӦ۵ףпһ䣬Ǹ仨⣬ˮ顣Ȼºһͬĸо
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ʮˣ
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һٷ꣬ߣºǺȺƺȵ΢΢ЩͷЪˣлҢ֦һʰо֣ص鷿ŷ΢кܶϢ
ޣô𣿡
ޣȥҽѧҽԺˣƵ˵ѾٻؼˣϢ𣿡
ޣܻ֮ܲһϢĺܵġ
ޣһ˯ˣúϢɡ
ޣֱϿģоľ״̬ӦûУ⼸úõһ飬˵ػͳȥܲ˶ܹ˿ġ
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޻ظúܿ죬ھ󣬾ѧУĹﲻܲʮӾ͵ˡ
лҢһ£òԻظŶŶ
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лҢڼϢһʱ䣬ʱ佫鷿Щû鶼˿˲ҽѧҩѧо³ģԼʱµĶ˲
ȵһͿųȥҽԺˡ
ʣϴε飬ûӰ죿еĻҽȥĿתһ¡Ƶ̫࣬ӵġ
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η˷ŰͷţȥʮҺ͹ɡˣҪҪһЩСǰвרָҪϣϧ㲻ڣǲ˻ź˺þáˣԺʨͷҭסǸԺˣѧ˵ﾶġ
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ϵڶ࣬崴ʼ޸̶ٵ޸ϣ˿ڷϴлҢԤҪСʱܽشԼóͷš
еСʱ޸̶ȫɣҪ񾭡֧ȫͣƵҽȰлҢлҽͰɣ񾭵ķ޸Ѷ̫ˡϵûôҪ㲻ϵ񾭣Ҳǵһʱ䷢飬֮ʧȥ¶ȵĸ֪Լʹĸ֪ûʲôҪġֻܱסѾǲеˡ
лҢôǯ΢΢Щѷǯ޾У΢΢һְ˰ϵѨλо첲ôˣٴ˷ǯ˼ȻҽԺ϶ΪǵļûһǶģȻ񾭵޸ǾһҪá
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˵Щûٶ˵ʲôͷͿʼ񾭷޸
漰񾭵ÿһ붼ޱСĲŸȥ



71 ʮһվ
лҢҽۣ ЩҽʦԼʿĸҺۣ
˵ˣлҢ֡ԷˡЩҽʦ뻤ʿʱ˹ϡ
ʵȥʱлҢԤʱҪһЩСʱ
˿ڷϺãƹصлҢоǰһڣ еѣҲѾվˣ վ˴ӵʱ䣬оǰôˣͬʿ˵ѲƳȥɣҩ
˭дȨҩûĻ ͰѹҩĴǩˡϰҩ Եʱ򻹻һҩĴȥҽƣҽΰæһҩ ҽξҩû⣬ ǾͰҩǩˣȥҩҩ
ΪһҽûдȨı
лҢҽҽһҽһִҵҽʸְ֤ҵҽʸ֤ã Ҫ֤ ٿһִҵҩʦʸ֤
СʱʱѾˣ лҢоԼȶ첻Լʹˣ·ƶϡƮһƮƮشƻص˼ƣһƨڻθʱŵĹλϡ
ĹҽǡһˣʣЩûҿһ綼ڣΪǴʱˣҿʿվźŵʱѾص˻ʿվһ˵һˣȥȥˣô
ͦ˳ģһСʱʵ̫ˡƻСʱһأһΪԼϹˡȣһվСʱ߳ҵʱҸоȶԼˡ
лҢһˮӱͳһԵɵɣ°ؼ֮ԡ
סСʱ꣬㻹ܴԼ߻ؼƣ
лҢͷпȻǺã֮ǰץ׳ץȥƣûôʱǸһͳԱ˿ڡ崴ǻܶţСʱüҶоû˿ڵʱҪ߶ȼУʵ̫ˡ
ˣǲ֪绤ʿվҲ˺ţ㲻ڣЩԭӦĲ˶ѹͷϣѴҶ˸Ǻڵҽûԣһֱ˸š
лҢذѱɳ꣬һˮҲϽԼλϵĵԿ¼Ƶҽϵͳ󣬿ʼкš
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ΪлҢϲ˵¡û±졯ϲͬӣǿκõĲǴ󲡻С֪ߣβõĲҲ취֧û߼֪ʵ顣
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ÿһŴȥһԼҽƵ̫鷳ˣιлҢĴô죬лҢķӶܺãһΡҩǡ淶ҩûг֣ͬҽŸлҢһʱȨ
лҢĵӿύҽεҽϵͳУҽȷֱҽϵͳͨ˾УȻûȥƵĻʿվΪܶ˽µĻʿ£ͬڶǩ֡
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ʿǿļѪҩԼҩ׼50mgȥң
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лػǼܹҽקŵܳ˼ҡ
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ǲ˻ͦͨģҽлҢлҽȥ˰ɣ΢ȵȣ˿ѾˣӦò¡
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㣬Ҹһ崴Ȼһֻ˷롣ȥȥ༲Ѳ˶ĹʮӣܾȻ;ȻˣȲ͹ˡ
ҽʮſлҢ˵ܾȻͻˣȲ͹ˡʱҭһ£һлҢͼ˶ĳԹ뵽лҢ˽£Ҳûٶ졣
лǿһҽͻʿлҢӵҵģζӳ£ֻܺĨһ



72 ʮվ
˥ľι̾ͬү лҢ˼ʱ֮ǰǿļѪҩԼҩѾȫע䣬λѾͺдųΪ÷ิա
ĵͼԽԽƽȵĵͼߣͺдͷϵĺˮѾʼµˡ
лҢ״ȭͬͺд˵ ɡ
ͺдһлҢϽλ˳ ˵лҢжصġȷֻ֮ǰһֱûмʶлˡ
лҢһץס÷һճȭŶ÷Ŀȥ
似Ļʮȭ
˵ ǰȭܼЧ ֱھȭȥ÷ҲûгԵķӦлҢһҧ ȭ˸
ʮȭȥ ÷Եĵ粨
ʮһȭȥ÷ȻȶĵͼѾߡ
ʮȭȥ߲ķ Ա֮ǰҪ δγɹ
лҢ˿Ѿȭͷ ڻʮȭÿһϸڣлҢ֪
ʮȭͨʱѸѹʵ֮֡ضЧʮȭȥʱӦγɹĵ粨ˣʮȭֻǹĵ粨Ĺԡ
һʮȭһ൱ȱ㣬˵ֻܳܵסʮġܲסʮĴΣеʮĴΣ³ֻһ൱ѣ˵ȥ
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лҢָһ¶÷ĿȥһС飬ޱոิյʱõ̫ˣСŪһ߹ǣüʱйֳ޲
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лҧҪתԺ
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תԺȥ˾ǴҽԺĵ죬÷Ҫ߹޸лûʱȥý壬ȵڶ΢֮ϵ˾Ǳ۰Զ֪һý壬ع˳ȥ
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лҢոһˤڲϵС崴һﶺССתעһþ̵ķ뷨ߣɴڵķϡ
߾ƿҵӿ˽ͲлҢߣʣлҽ˵ŮʿĶ𣿡
лҢ̧ͷһۣһźڿ۾ŮߣָָӣһҸС崴ϡ
Ůʣڹڶҽ⣬˸ֱ˵ҽ´ھ޴ȱݣСҳҲһҽ´ȱݵҽԼСβشҵ⡣
Ϊ˱֤С̣лҢϴʱµÿһ붼أһֱھ۾ضŴڣûдŮߡ
ΪŮ߻ʶȤһ㣬˭֪Ů߾ȻͲǰ˵ݣੲݵ˵лҽشҵ⡣
߱סлҢԼڹʱ˴ϣټ֮ǰˮƵʵ౨ȣлҢŭѾ
ֻлҢСϴҪ
΢ͷסϵ˿ƽʼ롣
Ů߱䱾ֱƹлҢȥǲ˼ôһλҽ´ȱݵҽĺβҽϽͬҽԺЭһλҽΪĺӷϴڡ
ǼҲվԥˡ
лҢڷϵ˿ڴãߴɽᣬСкͷ˵Ƚһӣ飬𣿡



73 ʮվ
лҢޱվһ߻һද Ƥһ ϽͬлҢ˵ Слӷ˿Ҫǣǣ
лҢֳһĻʵ̫Ϥˣ֮ǰǸֵĴ󺺱ǰлҢġ
ϴĴ챿ټлҢݼ߳ûճ ǿǼߣЩܰѺڵ˵ɰ׵ġߵڰ׾٣ ҪЩˣкӹ
лҢѷŵ Ů˹ȥ һѶͲ ⶪ˳ȥ
㲻ҪǴ𰸣
ʲôҽ´ȱݣ֮ǰ𣿵˼֮ ˻˵ˣǲǣ
˼߾Ϳ𣿡
ͷţ лҢһѶͷ ֱӳ˳ȥ鵭ĮĮ  侲µģ ȴڵŭ
ʲôģĹûУ
ú˵СϥǺôˣϹʲô⣬ͲܵҸС˿ʣȵȣͲܵȼӣ
һش⣬˵ˣʲôʵģ
лҢָһԼϵĿƶػˣȰʣ֮ǰ˵ÿһ仰ػ˶Ѿ¼
ĸýģлҢƤŮߣЦƾûκ֤ݾ˵ҽ´ȱ㣬Ҹ̰ټͬڵĲ˼˵Ҵҽȱ㣬Ҹҥ
ŮԭȼлҢһֱܶΪԼһ˭֪һֻƤǡ
ֻ۱лҢˤ豸ǮˣܻشлҢ⡣
лҢ۾һɨͿŮߵƣóֻ˫Դֱºɨһۣ׶ʮСʱļߣ㣬ǰɡ
ԣܿԣ൱ԣ
лҢ֮ͨǰܸǸʦܺӢĵ绰Ӣ㣬ߡ׶ʮСʱԼǹ˾ļ㣬ߵĹ֤ƬԼƵϷ䡣
Ϊڷ̰ҥַҸ˵Ȩ򣬲Ҫ׶ʮСʱ˾ṩüߵıҵԺУҪѧУ˲
ûѧúʵļߣʸ߳У԰ô
ŮߵĿɿڴУлҢִ޾ף룬С˿ڷϡ
ѻȸСԭʱʱߺ£ҲҺ߳ˡ
ΧһȺˣлҢˤҵĻͲڵϣкüλվ˵ԶԶ˵ĵطǡĸͣ
лҢƽؽС˿ȫϺãҩɫضСļҳһЩע
˼ߣлҢҽʪմŵЩѪ˫ִ״ӵĶ߳ңֱЩߣʣǲôվôԶʲô߽Щʲô⣬Ҷش𡣡
һмС˵߽ˤ豸ˤһ̨׸ɰꡣ
лҢЦû裬ֻҪǺú˵ˤǵ豸ʲôһ£ոˤߵͻͲҷ裬ԭһ¡
һҽǲûйҺŵģλֱӴѾΥ涨£ͬ˵ҽС˿ڴ֮ͽܲɷãǼ߲ûнҵĻȥҪֹͣСϴش⣬һûͲסҸСϴʱߡ
ڶκһλҽ޷ܱ޶ָҽ⣬λ߲ҵ˵ҵҽ´ھ޴ȱݣһλСļСļһλҽǷ̰ҥѾϵܺӢʦʽ׶ʮСʱϡ
⣬ˤ豸һȫ⳥
ˣ˵Ķ˵ˣʲô⣬ʡǼסߵʹΣҲסߵְҵְҵߡ
лҢ󷽷վǶ
Ǹм߼лҢȶš󡯵̬лҢվ˼ʣлҽһ⻰ոᵽܺӢʦǷǵŮлҢίУˮƵ浽յλܺӢʦ
лҢԼʱ˳ûҾеŮлҢֻһݣҽѧѧҩƴѧƸڣ澩ҽѧҽԺƵƸҽ
ƸҽֻǻΪ˱¶˶ģ˼ɸҽԺʱƸãʽҽȨ޼ҲռҽԺı
ΪлҢĹϷǹװŷصͷΣһˬļװżΪ۵İ״ӣܶ߶ûлҢϵһһлҢԱţˡ
λһԲϾͰˮƵ浹յĺˣ׶ʮСʱϣǴ͡׶ʮСʱȥˮƵž
λ÷ԼȨ氡
ǱлҢ⡮ߡΪŵˣ˼Լ׼⣬ٴлҢùͷϣлҢǿ
м߾лҢʣлҽϵıϣ˵һµʱľ𣿡
ְҵʳ൱ˮƽģлҢȴײ
лҢҪ˵Ǽ˥ƵʱѾ˥ߵصĵزˣĵͼ첻źţҽһʱϵңΪ˼ĲΣûеһʱͲߺҵĶҽеļ
˵˥൱أȹгͣȳҽҵңҲȥ˼ңֺļȹ
ิյԭͨѹָ̼ڽаѹʽิյʱ򣬶пܵ߹Ƕѣ˵ʱΣǶԴָֻ̼ýϴȥ̼࣬õ˹ŷҽһЩַղתΣΪ
ǵʱѾ߹ǹֳ޸׼ֻҪ˼ͬǩ֣ͿԿʼȻ˼ͬ⣬ҲϧֻɻʿЭ˼˼תԺ
ϸḶ́ǻʵԣͬҽԺ鿴أ¥ȡǼңмء
лҢô˵Щһ롣
һŮʵлҽһɻΪʲôҽʧܵʱȥұרңͨʲôü˥Ļģ
лҢЦŴΪڼнಡˣЧЧܲǿȥұҽʿ˽
һλȽĲˣǸѧԺʨͷʱҭסˣȱµ˥ߣʱѾϹ涨жҪˣҲùŷҽַλˡҽǰҵڿƵר˰ɡ
ʱ׼һӵ⣬лҢֳĴ󶯾һţ˸߰˰ˣлҢоݵؽͣҲû˸ٶˣ׷ʰùߴظ
ϣصűͳˡ
лҢŭɥʧְҵ£ߡ׶ʮСʱ
׶ʮСʱ򽫲ˮƵ󳾣
лҢŭҼ豸ſˣ
ಡߵľǣʮ˵ʣ
ߵڵѶ˿ڣҽ£

Ϣʱسһߵû˸лҢЩȶȵӪţҲʼطŲʺƨ
ǲ磬ʵڲ硣
˭֪лҢ᲻־͸Ƿһʦ
˷ʦŻˣлҢȴģһлҢʦķ˳Ǳ֤ʦʦ̫ܺӢѾڰŵ·ˣ
ܶýӪŴȶΪǡм˸ҴлҢǡǷж



74 ʮվ
ܶ༦߶ϲ˵ ҪŬ壬 ΪĽ׶Σ Զûеƴ츳ʱ
仰Ǻеģ ˶ͨŬıԼ״ʵԼ롣
ɷϵǣ ʵ ĴЩ츳ѵˣ˵ĽСƳ£ ǵĽȴǳ˹ٷݡ
ͬһѡ⣬ 츳˿ɨһɾƾֱѡȷ𰸣û츳ҪŬĽ⣬ ƾʵ̭ѡ֮ ʣѡжѡһѡǸѡ
ЩһŲƱڴ󽱣 ЩƱнǮӶ
ͬҽѧʶ̵ĻƵ£ 츳õҽһΣ׼ȷﲡҿ֢ҩ 츳Щҽʾ֭룬 նò˳Դҩ
лҢôһ츳ҽ ѵõǣ 㹻ŬѧʶĻ۱ȺܶרְҽҪࡣ
ֻҪҽѧص鼮ȥý֪ʶؿԵЧǣֻҪƹҺŵĲˣʲôȥһΡ
ΪϼƵҽʹΪ롯롯лһ롯ΪಡߣֱΪǡߵı衯
лҢͬһҵĹҽ̲סȥ룬ҪлҢϼƵĲˣ˵׼ܱΪḁ̇̄ʥ֡
ڹҽлҢ˵ЩãҽѧҽԺһºټҽ֣лҢ˼죿;ΡÿζתΣΪҪǻһҽϣ츳ٺãְҵҲ˶ͷ
迴һ۸һ̫̫ಡлҢипǧܵ˵˼ã飬˵ΣֻһΣҲмܲס˼Σÿһζǡ˼ҿಡģڿƶˡ
ȷʵǣܶͷ̫̫˽⵽ҽѧҽԺһಡرõҽöͣĲ˶˹ƹлҢĺˣͺȥ߲һڼ˶ӡ
лҢ˵ʲôһֻһۿĹ̡
ЩȽϴͷ̫̫лҢһ㣬˸֢ҩ֮⣬ᶣЩͷ̫̫һЩճı˶Լע
ҵʲôῴһԭлҢϹУͷ̫̫Ҳһ֪صĽ飬ҪЩͷ̫̫ΣǾ˳ָˣβ˵ĲҲԸҩúõҪЩͷ̫̫ΣҲû취
ǧܵ͹Щͷ̫̫ĴӰΪ˿ಡҵлҢлҢЩͷ̫̫Ϻȣ˳ָ˻Ϻȵҩ˳һƳ̣¥ʱϥǲˣСˣ㳡ʱ򶼱֮ǰˣȥһǿԸߵdisco
ǺЩͷ̫̫ǾͳлҢġˮ
ϣгϣ㳡ϣѵлҢġˮֱ޴ڡ
Щͷ̫̫֮УлҢǶκŶʧߣ˰߽κ˶θƤѢκˡŴţлҢͱҽһĴڣֱܡ
Щͷ̫̫ϵĲʵֶ̫ˣлҢо˳ܶಡҪϸ˼Ըѧҽ֪ʶ뵱ɽҽɹѧҽ֢ܿҩ˻϶Ǵһҩһҩȥġ
ѹлҢòٴѹԼʱ䣬°֮ȲؼңȥͼݽһЩҽҩѧصȥҽԺݵʱ䣬û˷ѡ
һҽ͵һоԱı׼ȫһġ
һҽ˵׼ﲡ롮֢ҩӲҪ󣬶оҪ󷴵ûôߡ
һоԱ˵ǲҪԺܶಡ˽⣬ܶоԱ̤Ͽ·һ쿪ʼѾоˣһӶĳһּоԼ뼲ĸȱ
Ϊµʵϰܿ͹һ룬صˡ
лҢϢһ֦˶̥Ǿҽѧҽϵϵڵ֪ھҽѧҽԺһֱҩβȥҽԺƵȡĴ¼ԼӰҽѧлҢҽҽʸ֤
֦ͲСˣϺӣͳ󶼵սľġ
º绰лҢҢس𣿡
лҢ˵ȥ뵽֦ԸҪȥ׼֦ỳ˶̥Ĵ֮࣬һ֦źӻǡΪ֦ٵ㱼лҢسһˡ
˵ĸȽϼºлҢƱء
лҢ֦ͲСˣһ̥Ƚѱ׶ʱҩģĻ֦һƿİ̥裬ײڸƬƿسǡ
ɻس˫
֦֪лҢͳºһģصذż˾ȥӳºлҢüİ̸˶ʰ
ʰ֦֮ת۾뵽лҢǲסģִżİȥлҢǱߣʰ˺ü죬㽫лҢӸʰ˳
֦ϣлҢ»صسǹ꣬ʱҲլԼסĵط⣬һȥִҵҽʦʸִ֤ҵҩʦʸ֤ˣ˺üִҵҽʦʸִ֤ҵҩʦʸ֤ԵĲοϣùڼЩο϶һ顣
뷨ͦãʵȴ൱пᡣ
лҢԭĴǣûȥ֦Ǳ߲伸٣Ȼ֦ͳºлҢóһЩҪ縺緹ص˵šǲ̫鷳ҢˡԷʱȴ൱ġ
ʵ˵뷨лҢ֪
󡢳ºԼ֦ˣǵһ̫µܵҵķΧһ˹ĸоܣлҢҲǲʶȤˣа֮⣬ÿ컹֦ͬȥߣȥðһЩȥ̳ѣ֦
лҢ֦ͦģлһȴļˡ
÷̫̫Ȼˣ߹ǹѵ֮Ųֻ׶ҽԺлԼƺǵ⣬ҪƺǴεӺŮæȴ֪ĸŮȼȥˣεӻͬ˵ҽԺɣҺ͹Ůȥ꣬ҰŶÿˣİɣһ̫Ǯġ
˵ǲһ̫ǮȻһһʵѼ¼ȴͨŵʽлֻϡ
סƵ꣬һϺüǧĸŮһ˸üȥлҽԺԱߵĲӬƾƹġ
ʮϣлԭ÷һݽӻزȥԣӻûãʹӲӬݵĵһš
ɽҩƴѧƸڣҽѧоԱлҢŶзġ˲-JT롮˲-JFѾͨٴҩ׼顣
黨ҩҵԪļ۸¡˲-JTȫȨԤº󣬡˲-JTΪȫֿ򲡵Чҩ򲡻߼ӭ⡣
롮˲-JTͬϵеġ˲-JFǱҩҵԪļ۸ȫȨ˲-JT롮˲-JFͬΪ˲ȡݻϤҩҵ黨ҩҵ˲ԭϵĴչȺ˾ٱҵʿձ鿴ãΪǡҩͷ֡
ͬʱҺš̨š̼ŵҲ黨ҩҵ˺֣֮ʾԸԭϹչȺȫ״˲βҵȺоء仧ʡУ˾ٻ򽫳Ϊת͵Ĺؼ



75 ʮվ
лĿضŵĻ ֱŲ꣬ Ӭըˣ
ҵθϣһڣ һڣ ڣô˵Լһ׬ǮСĿ꣬׬һڣ Ҳû׬һڣ е˾ô׬Ǯ𣿡
һ˵û˵ôзʲôʲôҩ ׬ĶϰյѪǮ
˺Ծϰ̧ܵETCɾˡ
һ翴긾Ů˵˴ʵ˼ֻǰҩо ǿҩҵ黨ҩҵǮôͱϰյѪǮˣϰҪǲҩ ˼һܴڴǮˣ
򲡣 Ҷ򲡻ߵĿ൱ڵ򲡲ҪǮһ㶼٣ ؼǾµĳҩβá
ҩ㣬Ǯ㣬 κþͲóˣʹʹ㲻Ҳû˱ţ ȫԸ ôˡ
ӬԷ˶ȻЦ
Ҳ˿ĳԶ ﲻ˵ҩȫ𣿿϶ܸǹ׬ɡЩ˰ըʳƷ ̼ϣѪǿ϶ߣҩ߳ţǸģ
ǸETCշվԶ̧ܣɾĸܾĵ˵ᱣϸƶȺãҩҪԼǮ𣿡
иһֱĬԷүͻȻôԼǮˣëϣҪβǾ͵ԼǮ뿿ᱣϸȥƵȵ˶һܹŵ϶ӡ
˵ҽԺ˵׶ҽԺÿжҶһȥŷޣһʲôëһӦعĻƱڹھûҽҲڹ⿴ˡ
ؼǣڹڣǮܿڹ⣬ǮһҽԸ㿴㶼βʹÿȥˣҽ°ȥԼأǹҽ״ҪƣҲԣ໨Ǯ˽ҽθҵ
ëϣô򵥵ĵôͲˣڵᱣƶȲ⣬Դһ޶ëҲ٣ƶķȾСһЩզ˰˶µ˺أզˣҲȥˣ
Ŷûȥý幫ںϹ߶߶䣬;ԲҲʮˣô˵¾Ͳܶӣ
ETCɾ˲˵ˡ
Ӭݵϰ彫õĽӵݸл˵ʮģɨ֧С
лعֻ֡ڣ
ǿڰ
һʱϹлҢıЩˣоԼǼ֥鶪ϡ
лһӻصʱ÷Ѿˡ
÷ҲЩãһǽӣϲԵţڣ΢˵Цлѩ÷أ
ѩ÷лӣҲ֦ʱ޵ҧгݵĺ꾫
ллѩ÷ŮлҢֻһ꼶ͬĸá
лһ־ģЩͷ˺٣棬ĸŮȥˡ
÷ЩȻŶ
һƬĬ
ûãڲĲ˸߲ҵػˣǸ̫̫ĶӡϱӡŮԼϰԱţǶϱο̫̫˵裬Ҹոտ˵ǹһлҢоԱо򲡵ҩٹ¾ˣʱгԣȰ򲡸ˡҿ˵ŷ¾κã㲻ϲôԸ
̫̫ͦˣֺǺǵؿԼһˣһŴߴٵǶңһͿˣ˶ȥɡҽԺôҲûð㿴ڴĶŴ㣬˼Ҿһţʲô¶첻ˣ
÷ǣǿس̫̫Цһʣո˵Ǹо򲡵оԱʲôţе졣
̫̫ظ÷лҢǾҽѧĸ߲ҸոճҹʱӸҲˣǹı͵úܣμӸ߿ǰϿӢﲹϰ࣬ʮ˼ǧ򣬾˼һǴʡĸ߿״Ԫ˾ҽѧѧʱͱҩƴѧƸȥˣոŻأ˼оɹһڣһʮӣҲ׬һڰ˱˵Ȼӡ
÷ɫˣŤͷлȥлɫڳɹףҲſһ£ʣۼҢ
л۵ͷеһ
Ǹڲ̫̫ҲӦˣǼҢǺлҢݣ׵ݣ
÷ָл˵лҢ֡
̫̫ˣãҹŮոջ˵򲡵ҩǮҲ򲻵أŴ㣬ܲܰͬŮ˵˵飬߸ţҰҩõ
԰˶֪ҪǿϵëȥҽѧҽԺǱߵлҽŮرã㲻ҲಡôôŮŮھҽѧҽԺȥҽѧҽԺŮڣǶ෽㣿
÷⣬ǵӲͷƤش𣬡ⲻǲ鷳ô
̫̫ɰʵףɶ鷳ӵģŮھ飬ھסԺôһԸ㣬ǺӺͺأ
÷оһҪˣҶǶ飬裬ߵĹϵá
̫̫һҭٿ÷лͱˡ
һɵӰɣ
飿϶е⣡ȻôѺӶƵòװˣ
Ҳ˱ӦȢҲǸ̫̫סԺôˣҲûһۣʲôûɫ
-------------------------------------
˲-JT͡˲-JFɹȨϢڸУȦˣǾҽѧԼҩƴѧ
ҩƴѧ൱ط˹ںģôʷģĿҩƴѧĹϵĿǽҩƴѧƸлҢģȻϸҩרƣ䵽˹ʵҩϣѧͶ뵽ҩо
ҽѧĹںýСǽעص㶼ŵ档
ڶʮʱʵ˲ɣ
ҽѧѧԵ
򾩴ѧˣ
תѧԳգĩҿƣ
תлҢŷŷ
ΰЩ¶Ȧתһ󣬸лҢ˵绰Сл¿һôֻҪµʵϰڽ޹˶ѧˣ֪㲩ʿ׶δȥǽ궯
лҢٺ͹ҽѧǱߵĽϵһ£о˼ɼ֮ǰ˼ɼЧڣȥԤԼһΣǱҪύĲЩѳɼύȥ
Щò׼ʣȥҲҪ˼ɼҼǵ֮ǰȥǱѧߣ˵ȥҪиɼϸ˽һ¡
ˣһ⣬ʮĸƻˣ׷Ǳ˲ٰ֢شҽƼĿ׷˵һĿר⣬㿪ѧǵȥԺһ¡
Ҫǳ˵׼üʱ䣬ˣЩĿɲͣͣǮûҲûȻûͿƼ
лҢлεѣչҵ绰ҩƴѧУͽ绰˽



76 ʮվ
УлҢ Сл ľѶѾ˺óʱˣ ˵һֱû֧ʲôʱҩƴһˣ Ǯ֧һ£
лҢ
ڵ˵ô
ʲôСǮ֧һ¡˵ĺֻûǮĿһ
УЩæҪЩ˳ӵȥҽѧ˺üרʮģһæлҢ˵
УЩΪѣ ⲻ˳Ӱ ϲ
лҢһ̲ҪЩѸһ֣һ֧ʮң ʮܰꡣ
ҲϹƶȡСл㿴ҪҪ취
лҢԥһ֧ҩƴѧǱߵĿоѣ ҽѧߵĿ滮 ֻҪ굽ͷʱǮС
У аɣ ҽһѧھ;ЩǮ꣬ ֮ڷ䡣
һҪæ ܴܲӽҩƴѧ߸Ҽ˰æЭһĿ飬Ŀҿ ˵飬 Ҳ˵ÿԶȥҩƴѧˣ ̫鷳ˡ
У׼¾Ͱõķ˳СлѧУʵר۹óַûַܽܵġ
һַڽҩƴѧһŶӹҿ¶ߵŶӳԱֻҪĿоϰѸؾͿԡ˵ĸŶӣ쿵ԺʿͬҴк˵ԸŶӵĻԹҿŶȥԺʿŶʮӴ󣬸оУԺʿķǰ֢ҩзЧرõгҩƼХҾԺʿŶоġ
ڶַڽҩƴѧ齨һСŶӣһЩУʦʲʿ齨ŶӣҲԼоԼҸǽѡһַģҲðҪ˵оĻ뱣֤оڶڼɹôﵽҵҪ󡣡
ڵַԴžҽѧĿתҩƴѧĿǸŸߵģҩƴѧ߿ĿĽչ˲Žչ԰ѸооһҩƴѧǿԸǰоңֻҪʱȥҽѧͿԡ
лҢַϸһʣûеַǰѵַߵһ£ҰѽҩƴѧߵĿ;Ѵҽѧ
ʵҽѧߵĿܶ࣬ȥҩƴѧĻҽѧѧУ϶ͬ⡣ڹڿֻˣȥѧǱ߹ʿѧλʣµʱ䲻࣬ҵþʵܻ꣬ȥ顣
ʵڲеĻͰҵǱʾջȥɣƸҲؿһ£عҸûʲôģҪʲôĿرʵ̫ˡ
УһлҢ˵ðѾջȥüĺݺ˼£ⶼľˣôջȥҺͿԺǰһ£ľѸ˳˰ɣ֮ʲôʱҪˣǮ֧ˡʱҲżȻбæǾæ飬ҩƴѧ߸޶ȵȨޡ
лҢڵ绰лУȻųһ
о̫Ҳһַա
뵱˲յĿ֮Ĵӹ׷ڵĴĿ뼸С⣬׷ڸˣҪоһ£ȻҩƴѧƸΪ֮󣬹׷ⷽһⶼ֢صҽѧĿ
ûΪ˶ʮĺ򶼻ѷֻΪĿൽա
лҢںߡ
ҩƴѧְ֪֮ϰһѣ;ԲὫҩƴѧõһȥͶ֮ľϣ֮
лҢ룬ָУ༭һŷ͹ȥ
УԲԴӽҩƴѧѡλȤת˶ʿǵҽѧھҽѧжоңҲʿڸ΢ﻷлоھҽѧûʸʿʦ赽ҿæģҩƴѧҵʵѡҿȥͬҽѧʵڲеĻҿɵΪʿⷿǰھҽѧоҪؽҩƴѧҲԴĿΪǱصĲ÷á
УضŵٶȺܿ죬СлûʲôԱҪԸҪ󣿡
лҢ룬һŮʿĻ޷УΪŮʿṩסޣ˼ܵĻܲȫҪⷿҲһңʿţŮסе㲻̫áöлҢظƷҪãҪԿͣо˶ʿڼͷѧȡ
УлҢҪת쿵Ժʿ쿵ԺʿʹԸŶɸѡת˶ʿ˶ʿлҢĿû뷨
˶ʿе£ڣ˵Ŀ˵˶ʿѧλ𣿡
˶ʿѧλĵĻǿ϶ӦԺʿŶòԺʿָҲΪԺʿ򹤵ĿйлҢļȻƯԺʿˮƽǲ˲ٵġ
ѾԺʿŶи꣬оҲѾͣҪǸлҢȥĿ˵ø˶ʿĿǷ̫ˡ
쿵Ժʿȥ˶ʿѧλģȥʿѧλʵʵ˵ÿֻʿֵǵʱͲˡ
лҢѧУƸڣʮǿÿ궼ʿӽͿˡ
Ӧ˵лҢڵ֣ȻᣬĿгɹȴ൱ӲģôƪģһˮƽSCIڡnature͡scienceֶ϶£о˶ʿҲǺüƪһ£ߵĺܶ಩ʿ
лҢϵĿǳ࣬ǰӸոʮشзרУлҢõֵĿ߸ϼһǧľѣⷽĻӦû֪ѧУڵоԱֻһ⻹ΪҵŶӱȽϴ󣬽ˣлҢڵŶӻڸոմ˵һᡣҩƴѧǱȲϾҽѧģھҽѧлҢڶһɹʮƪƪһ£пҩѧĸУɣ
˶ʿЩò⣬쿵Ժʿǻȥٿǿǣ֪ϢôʹЩΪʿվŬѷĲʿС
ʿ֮ľôҰ**ģӮϣ߹Щ֪**жôѣʶлҢŶܹ͵طһˮƽѧжôѵá
Щж뷨˶ʿ֮Ҳ׷Ե˶쿵Ժʿ˵飬
һ쿵Ժʿᣬ쿵ԺʿȻЩ⣬е㵣ĽҩƴѧġйлҢߣתһ룬Щ˶ҪڽҩƴѧģͬлҢĹϵԽãԽܽлҢεڽҩƴѧĴϣֵã
˶ʿþߣӸлҢһʱȴ쿵Ժʿ֪˼ͦҵģʱǲͬ⣬Ϣ֪ô£ͱ˳ȥѾˣҪж뷨Ļȥϵһ
пܽͷϣһֱͷϣûܼʱץס˭ֻܹ֣ܹԼ



77 ʮվ
лҢͬҩƴѧУ˵º ͷ͸ηһ΢ţ ΡĿɲԡ
ֱӲ΢ŵ绰Сл ڽҩƴѧǱˣƻжٸ
 ҩƴѧǱĿƽ ܵҼоʮЩ⣬ƾҡȺͶ˸治ת ȺͶǱҵصоǰʱ⣬ ͵æԼĴˣ ҵҼ˰æһֵĿĹȻƾһĻ
ѿڶԴӾҽѧ
ھҽѧʸ񣿡
лҢһ䣬ΣҺͽҩƴѧУѾˣʿǿ϶еġҽѧߴӦ ãǹУҽѧӦֻԼ취ǽס⣬ ڳԷĻ ѧУʳÿֻ֧ ⶼ¶Ҫǣҵú˵һǵȥҽѧǱߵоңʱܵ¼һָƣȻŶˡ
εⲻϹذҽѧкܶĿǱܼܸߵĹзƻҪй¶һЩϢ˭е𡣡
лҢ룬ҲԸǾˣһ칫ذɣܸҽѧ鷳
ΣǾɣҵȥϵ칫ԼЩ˰仧ס⣬Ͳͬ˵ˣʲô鿪ѧģף죡
Ҷϵ绰лҢϽϵºóº취Щ⡣
º׶ѧķֹ˾칫¶ͦоġ
ºԥûԥһ¾ʹӦⷿⶼ˳˹ȥ
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лҢʲô˼
ҽѧ߸оҵ⣬ͲҽѧˣҪֱȥһ칫أ
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лҢôġ
Ȱ칫غסõ鶼֮лҢУҪȻͬͰ˵һԼ㻻оص飬ǰ칫صλøͰȷ˹ȥ
Ͱھ뾭ã׶Ρ
õоĿʱ򣬲֪ߵغ񣬾ԸʿĿ򵥵úܣԼǰҵĿܣŶĿ˽룬ǾͷĿﴦǿӣһϹèԴ⬡޴ĸо
ҪлҢоﶢţͰﻹܶеף벻׵⣬лҢлҢȥҽѧҽԺʵϰ²ڣò׵ȵʵϰлҢִѧУͷð칫ءͰ˵лҢѾڽҩƴѧǱ߿ʼõİ칫ҲΪǱߵѧ׼ģ̬ͱˡ
лҢǷ˰
εѧֻǹҵлҢĿæлҢģֻ֣˼Ըѧɲͺԥطô
Ͱһ£
лҢǸõİ칫صصôǾعȥÿ춼ǶǾͲлҢƲܡ
ʵ֤˶Ϸѧ츳лҢֻǿ͹۳һԼ׶һ칫ýҩƴѧǱߵѧû˵ԼҲҽѧأҲû˵ԼͲܶͰˣû뵽ȴ
ͰлҢִģǿ׻дʵ鷽лҢ뷨߶ϣлҢָʮĿϿأôƲ˲Ҫ
ΣͰһѧȥлҢõİ칫Ǳߣ뾩ҽѧֻеվһվľ룬úܣλʱ򣬽ҩƴѧЩʿ벩ʿڸϡ
ͰȴҪлҢһڷṲ̆̿ʵĿй󣬵˰칫֮ûʰɾʰٴĹλ£ʼĬĬؿס
лҢȥҽѧҽԺʵϰˣͬлϽڡΡҽʦԼʶѵ˱ȥõİ칫ء
ѽѾˣ
ͷĵĶͰȣлҢͦȵģ֮࣬Ҳе㾪ϲ
λұ۰ֵܰٵ飬ʵ鷽棬ûʱȥʵ飬ֻܽͰλԴģʵ̬ʮϽҪǰʵ齻лҢе㲻ġ
һ˸޸ݣPSݽǸô죿
ȽǰõĿȸлҢ˹ʣУµһѧڣʲôţ
лҢߵԼĹλϣѵͳ磬EXEļȺͶװһ£֮ΪǿڲõСͿϵͳʲôʵ鰲šоţҶҵСͿϵͳȥͬҪʲôĿϵ⣬ҲСͿϵͳ˵
Ŷӵһӱͦ࣬á΢ִͳĹͨЩ󷽱ˡˣǶǵ΢źŰһԼĿ˺ţ֮СͿϵͳ﷢ʲôϢǵ΢Ŷյʾ
Լȷʵ鷽ϴǵָңȻͳΪŶڲˡо׼Ŀⱨ棬ҲӦ׼ò˰ɣһϴȿ
оʮĿʵ鷽ѾöˣǿȥʵˣԭҪʵ֮˭ʵ˭ݣҸָĿ˭˭ģָĿ֮⣬б뷨ҲЩȥдġҪֻһҲǶ
ͰһлҢǰ˸װףͷˡǲлҢǰŻµлҢǲŲʡǡ
˷ɿذװлҢEXEע֮лҢ˿˹ԱȨ˳һ䣬ѧǱߵĸʽ޸ĺ̨˿ҲѾ뵽ϵͳˣ֮ǰǿŵ˺ѾǨƹֻҪϵͳаһ˻Ϳԣֻ֮ҪСͿϵͳ޸ĸʽͺˡ
ļ˷ȥлҢʼ׼Լ˶ʿҵġ
˶һѧڣѧѾ޹ֻ˶ʿдòͨ磬Ȼȥ˶ʿѧλˡ
лҢУԽֻҪʿУлҢݹȴʿĸ˶ʿԼ߸ʿһʮˡ
У˵ЩʿлҢѧϰģҪлҢõطлҢΪ߸ʿ׼˹λЩ˶ֱ֮˰칫ߡ
лҢͬʮ˽ܣ¥ǼúöԵ¥סĵطʮ㣬¥ϵ¥ϣܷ㣬һķӣſѾ׼ˣԼפУͣԷԼ
칫õԵĻҶѾͬƼǶƺˣһһ̨ʽվбرĴӡҲѾˣ͵öͰȴϤһõĿϵͳעãͷһԼоƻ֮顣λ㹻ԼҸλ°ɡ
Щ˸Ͻ£ͳ˸΢潨Ⱥ˶Ⱥ֮󣬽EXEճ˽ȥȻ󰤸ЩעãȨ
лҢѾдƪСĸˣȥƪСдĶµѧ뵽˽ģȥ뷨Ҳ塣ѧģͻһȱݵģҴ޸㣬㿴Сһ£ûʲôĻƪҽѧǰءɡ
ĵڶƪСĴһ߼ϵȱݣҪȥʵ飬ҽĽҲˣҽѧǱ߰ʵˣȥTUGǱߵǰ컹ҷʼԼ壬ʱûʱдʱƼƪĹȥһڸ㶨û⣿
˼شӦû⣬ʵԾĸĿ
˲յĿѾ⣬û֧ĿҲѾջȥˡ
лҢ룬ʮľ˲յоʣ㷭ҩƴѧ˵ҵһҩصĲʿغغͬһȥʵɣԾѴӽҩƴѧǱߵĿߡغŶѧһ£֡
쿵Ժʿ˵ǸҶģϣ㾡öԼоԼ˾Ǿָֻоˡ



78 ʮվ
лҢЩҩƴѧĲʿʿһܵĻʱ䣬 һ Ϥ߿ĿһܹЩ˾ͽʽ뵽Ŀо
һͬǸЩʿ벩ʿϵϤʱ䡣
ڸյ׶ͱлҢָȥŶʵغ ֻһ
ҩƴѧĲʿ벩ʿΪȫУһоԱȻѹ ̫ۣ žҪеٷϵҲԼҪĳɹ
ϾвǴһоԱ־ ҪоԱһǰƣ ҲҪоԱЩ˽Ķ㹻ĺ̽
ɼ뵽лҢŶ֮Щʿ벩ʿ󶼷Լ֮ܡˡ
лҢԭȵоŶиУȫֽȻͬ顣
Ҳ˵ лҢ ־ֱӶһƪһڿĵʦҩƴѧǾҲġ
˭ܳԵ
ʿ벩ʿ󻹺ã һĿ׹ףλ˶ʿͱСˣ ȥҰȺͶȡ õ˶洫
һӽλ˶ʿ ǵлڸǽôĵʱ Ҽǵıʼǣ ȥɡ
𲽵ʱȷʵҪһЩ໨ʱȥȥѧһʱ䣬׵ٶȾͿˡǵʱлڿ׵ʱٶƪףһ¾Ϳˣ׵ٶȾˣҪҲˡ
öˣʱ֪ô룬ôдˡ
˵λ˶ʿЩʿ벩ʿ󣬶Զ൱ġ
Ÿնʿһѧڵʱ䣬˼ѾƪһSCIˮƽ£ƪѾдãֻҪлҢҪ޸ĺþͶȥˣĿ껹TUGҽҩѧĶ಩ʿվһˮ׼˼ҲŲʿһ꼶ʱĵɹ
ĸ˶ʿŶıʼǱͬšʥһЩʿʿҲ׷׹Ƭѧһѧ׵ķ
ʶѷǣǳ㣿
ʮֿҪܳңֻ˵һŬˣʲôµģ˵ˣǶѧЩˣܲ۵оȣҲܰܶ飬ҪʲôᣬٶȻôѧġһһȺ
˵һģûҪʱȣ˵˭˭ƪľţʲôطȥʱҵҹʱҪȫȫҽҩѧʿҵȣĿųԶЩڰǣǸԼҵѡ
ȻȻʣЩҩƴѧ˶ʿʿʿࡣ
ЩҩƴѧȻԲôҲܿ211ѧģܲȥЩΪ˴ﵽлҢҪֻȫ˾ģʽ˳糿һоˣ緹ǵȦ򵥳Ե㣬ȫʱ䶼˵о
һܵħѵ˵Чʶֻ࣬ͬͰһĲࡣ
Ŷʵغֲǿң⾩ҽѧĿзΧǿʦֲ**ʵҲ֣ʵ׼ˡҸо궼һ˼ҵˮƽҩȡҩƷʱĿⶼܽҩ¸**ʮˣ
һԽĲʿҲһӸп˼߲ŽиУǱֻܽлӡҿʦҲдģǰҿһлڸоţһ˸µʱ䶼ʵ飬ʣµʱȫдģʦʱܾдһƪʦ΢ЩҲһ³һƪһûʲô⡣
˵˵ţԽͷغ̫ԣʣʲô񣿡
غԽİڨЦһʦá
Խͷ˿һһվ
Ӳתӣǿмһȿ޻ѿЦԽȽͣʦ㣬˵ʵرǿرǿģ˵Ķ滰
ȷ˸ۣһcoco̲裬ƽϡ
ԽϽµ
عλϣ˫ŵԷ˻ĬĬǼƪһдȫҧֻϵЩʵAPPȫжأĵٻˡ
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𿴰ƽʱ֢ͦأһ˾ģǿǱȶݡ
ԭȰоҵʱϻửһױ·ÿ춼ỻһסЩµϰߣȫˡ
ÿоңǰŵһһ죬˿лҢҵЩ֮⣬ԼҲףһпվͶġȫûԼ˿
ϣΪһ˻ȥе㲻ȫȹƻһ뿪оҵġ
ǲ˰ȵĸı䣬Ҳٶȱ˷
λԭȾо˰˾ͬһоô춼ѧ޷԰εлҢ⣬ҩƴѧЩ˶쿴ˡ
ʿѣõôŬ
²۹²ۣΪ˲Ͱ˦̫ԶҲʼˡоҾЩסĵط¥£Щ˻϶˯ǰʮӲŻסĵط
һ£лҢԼ˶ʿ˳öͰʵҲ˽׶ԳɹлҢһᡣ
µİ칫أлҢҲȱǮˣֱ칫һɶʮ˵Сңһ䲣ݣͶӰ豸Ҳȫˣʡٺ֮ǰһðװд
ȼϽҩƴѧʮڻȺͶһţϸĻϵЩ棬ʵ˷ܣҩƴѧʮЩ⡣
ǿһôô
ҪǶͰЩ˵϶ƶػһ䣬ڣڣ
лҢĴ٣ȥһУһƾÿһᣬлҢǸɻҪǣʵϣлҢȷһо˼·Լоġ
仰˵ÿһοᣬǵоɹʱ
ϣлҢὫʲôĿʲôȥȶǽֻҪŶȥһ¾ͼǰ϶ˡ
ȻлҢݵĹ֮ܽPPTϾͷųʮһĵĿ
лҢüָʮһĿ˵ȣʮһĿҸʱʵɹĿǸѡĿ֮ɣʣµĿҪѡĿǻٺϵһ£ЩĿһЩѧڿҹԼ壬ϸ˵˵˼·ԼעдƯ㡣
ƪ£ƽ͵дһƪдٶ൱Ķоѹɽû뵽ȴҧӦУѡĿھŸĿԼʮһĿ漰Щоݵ죬ܶͼҶѾˣ֡
лҢЩģһƪû֪֮ڿԼѶȿ϶лҢ˵һһƪܻῼǱԼһѣлҢʱôţֻҪû裬ͲԼ·ϱơ



79 ʮվ
ҲĿ ̽лҢ ܲܶʱ䣿ͷһƪдƻһʱˣдƪ֮ٿʼдƪ
лҢͷ ֻһʱ䣬༸ټ춼û£ ֻҪϵܾͿԡ⣬ дһƪҷһƪûʲôֱͶȥԼ̡
һҳPPTȥлҢڶҲPPTϣ һĿûƼҩա
Ŀڡʮ塯شרöģ ֮ǰо˲յķƣҪҩегֵЧȡһֻ߶ЧĻѧɷֳ
ǲ̫Ϥ֣ Ҽ򵥽һ£ ⨺ҿֲĸҩƹ̺ܼ򵥣 ϴɾɹɾͿá
ǰоƷΰθʳΰٰȣ ҩüֵҪƤ Ҫ廷໯ ͪ໯ԼһЩ ֻѧɷЧ ĿǰûжۣоԱһˡ
ȻǴⷽоϣǵĳɹʱ͸ǹ׶ˣ̸Ҫһ׼дǶģͬ˲-JTٵԼ˲-JFԳ΢Ⱥûһ
ĿͽҩƴѧʿͲʿɣһо˲ʱо¼һ²οĿһȫ̲룬ʱۡ
ҳPPT򿪣ˮˮİЩһˮ絽Ķϡ
ɫҲһ˲ھͱùŹ
ҳPPTдĿǡҽҩµθΡϸΪ
ĿȾ뵽׷ڴǸ¶ʦȥ·ݴʱĳֳ
лҢ¶ĺһͨ󻹸¶ṩһ˼·ǻϸɵθΣֻ¶õҩ顣
лҢϸɵĻҽҩͨյϸ𵽿õݴһ£Ȼָ˽ҩƴѧλʿĵѧ

оһ꣬лҢܽĿǰݶоôܾ࣬Ϳ׼ʵˣѾѳоŵ˿ϵͳо֮⣬ƼǶļƪףȼҶѾźˣһʵһ߶ɡ
Щ¶ҿģʱͬʱǶǵöעо̬ǺԼоصĶһ˷֮ǵܽ
µʱ䣬һ׶εʵȫ꣬Ȼдġʿƪʿƪ˶ʿһƪĿһʵ֮ʵǣҪԼʵʲô뷨Ҳͬ
Ὺ꣬ͰȲû̫𾪵ĸоӶǸϽдģûʱ𾪡
ҩƴѧʮȴɵˡ
лҢ֮ǰ᲻һ
νᣬѵӦǵʦ洵һţƤѧһʦȻ˫ҵһһٷ¶
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ᣬҩƴѧЩʿ󡢲ʿ˶ʿҲˣѹлҢŵоŶܹģΪʦ
ԶĲᣬ׶֮ģлҢǴŶͰʵ飬λ̰ڰʵ֮꣬󣬾ֱлҢдˡ
ææʵҲĳʵ
Ҫôһλָ·ʽĵʦںţҲܳܶоɹ
ҪǣлҢôŴŸ˼µо֮Щҩƴѧ˶ʿʿԼʿ󶼸оԼ˲٣ԭ벻׵ˣڲָ֪оϰ֮˱ͨζһ
ŶʵغҲлҢȸһĿԲرãֻǶе۽һССܷһĻеһƪ׵ġ
غ˶ʿ׶ξдģƪддһֱЩﷸдģwordĥĥ˺þãͻȻ뵽һҪĶܶдĵʱ򣬵ǡŰ桯һ͵˷Ѻܳʱ䣬ϱǱȸҪǣһȫŰˣܶд֮Ű涼һܣôлҢŶ첻͵дһƪģǶŰ
غͶ˼µʵ飬ʣֱӾȥʶˡ
غӡǲģҩƴѧʦȻе츳Ҳ̤ʵŬû
غлڸǵĿϵͳƽʱ͵оŶڲ֪ͨڲͨˣ½һдİ飬ûеȥһ£
غһţһûС
Ͻȥ
غ˶ָ㣬æȥ㿪ǸдİȥˣȻ㾪ΪˣתͷһЩʿ󡢲ʿ˶ʿ˰
лҢͷЧҩĿһʿֽ°ڶڼĳɹͦ࣬ȻҲȥ˽ҩƴѧǸдİ飬ֲ˼֮ͻȻһֿڣлŽиУʲôǸ߿Ƽ֮ǰĽиаֻǿǿΪҵש
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лҢ˶ʿɺ󣬽ύҽѧͳȥղμִҵҽʦʸִ֤ҵҩʦʸ֤ԣȻ㿪ʼ׼ʿڼоݡ
лҢǣƳʵ鶼ҪŶӣҽѧߵʵ豸ȫкЩʵ黹ȥЭҽѧԺɽѧѧȵطΪ豸٣ʵȴͦ࣬ŶӻҪźþá
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΢ΣΣҽѧпĵطܲܽһطʵң
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ʮƽ׹ɸʲôѽ
лҢ룬ֻܸУ˵绰ȥ
УǱƺڿᣬͬ˵һһ¡ȻлҢڵ绰ߵ˰ӣУ
УСлڣô뵽Ҵ绰ˣĿֹ쿵Ժʿ˵ŶǱ߻мʿȥ
쿵Ժʿһֱ͸лҢЩʿʿ󱣳ϵ֪лҢŵŶôǿ֮󣬾Ͷ˽Լѧ͵лҢĴ㣬ҶڸͬĿлҢܰѧҲй⡣
лҢʱòϣֹˡУҴԸ˵ɹһ豸ҪҽҩԷԼҽҩӦЩ豸ĿԺ٣Ҫⷽʵ飬Ŷ̫ˡ
Уʱͷ綷Слڣɹ豸ɲһС£ҽҩ豸˵ĶǼʮϰЩ豸ǧģ豸ɹĿһ
лҢһУ˼ˣϽʽ鲻ģ֮ǰȨרôͷȱǮܸܲطǽһطðһЩ豸
УĿһͣ뵽лҢʱȨרȨڣ˵촽ЩˣСлڣ㻨Ǯɹ豸
ֻҪרȨʱ׬ǮҶԡ
ֲȱǮѧÿ»˻תأҲϲʲôݳƷ֮࣬õĻױƷԼDIYģҩƴѧÿ¸Ĺʾ㹻úˣҪڶʲô
׬Ϣ
˵ˣͶȥоģͬһȥ֮оһЩרǿɾͲˣ˵׼Ǯʮпܡ
绰ͷУлҢĻ˵ˣСлڣ˼ǣǮڣ
лҢͻȻ뵽ҩҵ黨ҩҵÿ¶˻ϴһʿǳҩۺ÷ָǮòЩǮ٣Ͻлſһ£ͬУ˵ڲĻһһ
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Уѷ涼лҢǺˣлҢôܾ
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쿵ԺʿԼлҢͬлҢ˸
ϣ쿵ԺʿлҢôͻȻ뵽ҪԹ˾ˣͲ¾Ӫ޷ӯ
ӯӯνֻҪʵʱôѻСڵ豸̫ˣʵ飬ŶӾ͵ϴ꣬ҵȵķ
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ǿڵ豸ɹʽ𰡣
ҩƴѧ൱ӣרŰ豸бɹϮһö֮ͰŸˡ
УƸлҢڳҽҩоԺҽҩߵоԺ仧ҩƴѧеҽҩصһϵﻯѧ񣡡
ҩƴѧ֮ǰȣ㳤Ҳǡӡ֤Ǿ䡮ԽԽ󡯡
ҩƴѧѧѾɵˡ
ʶ٣
ڣ
һܼǣڷŵϢ𣿡ĳᴫ
ԭȻҩƴѧĽְýҩƴѧͶôʽлҢеһлҢͶڣʶԼ۽жôУ쵼հԶ
ܳһǧ򶼲Ĵ͵һôķ㣡
ܿͷ͵ϣý׷תڡúܶ˶϶˲ˡ
ԲۣԲۣԲۣܼǶʲôǮǮ𣿡
ѵǴ˵еġӽǮ
˼ҸУŶʵֱ̫ԸǮɹ豸ǸУΪǡǵĿǮĴүү̣ͬĿйͬ[ʱ][ʱ]
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ҲǾ谡ʦһ䣬ͼԼڵĿѹϷһԣһȺԹȺھͿʼתϲ򱯡
ϲлҢʵ豸֮ȥʵʱ򣬿϶߸Ųӡ
ǡͬǸеģԼеʱɱлҢˣ˼Ѿ׬ڣԼأ׶һ׷
ɢһλϽڵ£㿪΢ţȻͿһϢһ˲ˡ
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˵һֱߣҪ豸ҲӦð豸Ǿҽѧôͱ˽ҩƴѧˣڵ豸ɹǾҽѧӲʵһ̨ˡ
üģε˵Сл֮ǰʹң˵Ǿҽѧ߻ûеطû˵ʲôΪѽҩƴѧЩѧҽѧ֪ġϹƶȣûǸӣֻͬ˵ԴҽϵǱһʮƽ׵Ĳֿͬһ䣬˵ѧУߣϾھݻֻһѧ֪Ǵ㹺豸
ϽšüһСлûͬ˵Ǵ㹺豸
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ϽڴӿڴһһڣʣǲǺСлʲôˣҼǵ֮ǰСлͬͦϵİôô˵ҸоСлôһ䣬һ
ôһ룬ȫˣһǵлҢǼҩƴѧʿҵĵѧʱܾˣлҢ˽٣ȻʵҲˡ
ҪлҢ֪ε϶ԩʱЩУҲΪξܾһ֮󣬸оԼһֱ鷳ΣǱʶﲻ鷳Ϊȥæˣʲô٣



80 ڰʮվ
ҵĵύ֮ лҢæ׼ĲԼڼõˡ
ʵЩаȺͶæرż ֮ǰʵ꣬ ȺͶҲܰѾͬѧҽѧϵǱϵˣֻԭȴӦʦλΪѧһЩ飬ƼһʦڹҽѧͬĸʢƤ˹ڡ
ʼУƤ˹ίѯлҢӢˮƽҢл ҿ㷢ܶмֵ£ ӢˮƽӦò һ˽һ£ ûһЩϿɵӢˮƽ֤飿⼮ѧҪӹѧ벩ʿѧλĻҪӢˮƽ֤ġ
лҢ룬 Լ֮ǰμ˼ԵĳɼԼŴѧӢоĸĺоԱƸ顢ѱ˵Ƹ鶼 ɨpdfļƤ˹ڴ˹ȥ
Ƥ˹ڵĻشʹ죬ϵۣ ӢˮƽôáӢˮƽ֤Ǿûģ ĿҲĿáʮֻӭ뵽ҵоŶ ҿŵȫѧԼ㹻ɵĿпռ䡣ǣ˽Ŀǣ ϣܽҩѧھȥ
ڵĹҽѧϵ оԱڴ¼ҩѧо Щʵ̫ˣЧȡܽԼҩѧодһƪʿģܹﵽʿҵҪ󡣵ȻԼİţҿ϶ѡ񡣡
Ҫ˵һ˱˵Ϣ֪ǲǸʮֹŹֵͳЩ˱˷ѽĴ㣬ҽѧϵĿоѱȽϽţܱȲǹңŵȫʵ飬Ҷ취չѡ
лҢƤ˹ڵ̹ϸжˣһ䡮ллȻιͨ
ҪΪʵ龭ѵ鵣
ûҪ
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ѮлҢͬһȺͱ˶ʿ˱ҵ磬Ϊųû취μӱҵξǰ뵽ѧλ֤ͱҵ֤лҢʹЩϽһ֡
ｻսѾ
лҢ㲩ʿҵ֮ʲô㣿
лҢն˵عӹɵġ
ӵʮĸƻ뵽Ŀ⻹أһ겻ɣñʧԱ
оڽҩƴѧʿ˼Ҷĵذǰ;ϣôܹΣ
ҪģڽҩƴѧǱڽȥȫҶѹڽҩƴѧˣʿҵôܲ
ʿҵһϸоѧҽѧϵĲʿֻҪܷҪƪһƪܹ֤ԼѾӵж¿ѧоϵͳԴģҵ
ʶлҢԼԤĶʱֻһꡣ
һھƣͻȻЩˣعĴأȥҩƴѧ𣿡
˵׼ʱ˵ɡлҢСƱһڡ
׷ʵڿȥӵĻˣֱлҢҽѧ㿴вУҪԸؾҽѧĻҰͬ˲̸ʴЩҪ˲첻ҾȥУţҽѧԸѧ˽ҩƴѧڣ⻹ҪԸѧסҿҽѧҲûʲôȥıҪˡ
̾Ϲˣ⻰˵ˡ
Ķˣ䶼Ǵʵﰡ˵㣬ôͱˣҽѧҽѧԺУĵطĶΪй˲ţҪЩ˲Ŷˣҽѧʲô㿿ǸƽҾܳһҽѧϵ
ɽѧǺ;Ǵѧһأûʲôˣʡ211ǣҲ˵СлеĿãŵѧСлһ꣬ȸ궼¶࣬⻰Ȼͬ˵ǲʵ
׷һӣ㿴Ըٿ쿵϶Эҽѧʱ򣬾ʹͬԣȥҩƴѧɽȥˣͬԡ˵쿵϶ϵм֣
ɱˣҩѧɽͷǸСлߵģҪҪ˽ҩƴѧھҽѧһ˳ҩѧоо˲գ
α׷˵ֻ࣬ܶƱͬлҢСлˣͬǡҪǱҵ֮ԸؾҽѧҺϹһУſڶȥ
лҢһл֮֮˵ܲ˳Ǳ߱ҵǸδ֪أ
κ͹׷ڶһۣ׷ҡͷҲû¡
ƾɢлҢȥǮ׷ͬ˵ûܾǺˣ㻹˼ھʹӦҩƴѧôãҲֻеһƸڡСл˺ӣһ²ᵱܾ⼸ѹϵ޲޲֮϶ĶȥʵڲлϽڸɽͬСлҲйϵͬСл˵˵ûת
лҢΪо˲-JT˼ҩѧҩѧоһŴʯͷȥȦȦˮȻȴûڼҩѧתͷȥоˡҩѧ粢ûзһ¿õо򣬹ܶоѾоҩѧ
ΪлҢھҽѧѧۣԾҽѧĿǰǼҩѧģʵǣлҢ֮⣬ҽѧҲҩѧˣǸлҢоĶͰҲ
лҢԸ̣Ǽҩѧѧϰż̫ˣûѧ뻯ѧ׵оԱлҢڡscienceϵƪ¿ÿǿ
ھҽѧҩѧɽͷʵ̫ˣлҢһߣɽͷ͵ˡ
ĿǰпɽͷĸУǽҩƴѧΪ쿵ԺʿĴ£ҩƴѧѾ˼ҩѧϵһ·ݾҪʼյһˡ
ھУлҢͬҩƴѧĹϵܺãͷ·ǽһ
һﾩҽѧ쵼ȥҾУ쵼̸£Ҫ̸۵ľǡסлҢԼļҩѧѧɡ
У쵼е£һֱҽѧУҿĿô࣬ĳɹô࣬ÿƪĶҽѧص֡ôûа˸סΪͬлҢ̸أ
ΪѻڣҲ˵ûܹô˲˵ģ˼Сл˲ĿӣСлԭȶӦˣ˲쿪ʵûг⣬ͱҩƴѧǱ˸ӡ
У쵼ü˲ĸ˴һ绰ֵĸ˺ܿͦŸܹˡ
ǣң
лҢ˲ƻʱǸĴǶ٣ûг⣿
˲ָֻ˺һҵһword֮У쵼ǿǰʿְġʱʱлҢһأܸôߵĴǲˣҪǸĴٸߵ㣬˲Ⱑ
ⷽȥ궨İɣҼǵȥ·ݵʱ߸ⲩʿЩ˿ĴҲֻ΢һ㣬ҪǸлҢ鲩ʿĴЩ˻ַ죿
βм͵ֱ˿ԣСлóСлһƪƪһnature͡science˲ŻֻѧλͲɹ



81 ڰʮһվ
ҽѧڹڡܲסлҢչһϵеۣ лҢ˲ֻ֪֪ԼҪˡ
ƽʱϲôϵ ÿϵҪĤͻȻ΢ϸһ籾 ͬ˵籾ѾöˣڻϵҽԺϵ׶ҽԺҲųҽԺĿܡһʱ䡣
лҢ
㣬ߴˣ ʱϿе߲ Ҫͬ˵˵ ˣ
绰ͷˣ 籾Ǹİ㲻֪ŶŮʱ Ƕ˵ЩƵڽɫѡˣ ֻͬһǩ㳡صһܿġһŶʮļ Ҫ취
˽Լ֮⣬ лҢһʱ벻İ취
绰ͷЩҧһ ź޺޵˵ˣ Ҫ һܵأͬ˵һ㶨ĳڣ Һ͵˵һ£ЭĻǾ;ЭЭˣƻᱻɱ
ɱͷɱɣҷҲһ뷹ˡлҢС죬ô˵ʵȴǵ˸ӵĿ
룬ȥѧϲһ¹ѧʱ䣬ִӰµ׿ʼʱһֱ³վʱӺ£ʮµʮһ³ʱٳȥһǲʧˣһ棬ҲõʵݳŰչǲԼõ֮˷ġ
лҢԼڹʵ֮ʵȥѧĴͬƤ˵ˣΪûµƤڲˬû뵽Ƥ൱ˣ˵һ䣬ҾϲֲҪʵԶܰдĹѧ
лҢԴϻһʺš
Ƥڻعʼ˺һлҢ²⵽һš
Ƥ֮ǰͬ˵ѧҽѧϵоѱȽϽŵ飬˵Լڹڽʵȫ꣬ʵݹȥɲͰƤڼḺô
ƤڴӦлҢָϽͬ˵һϢתݡ
ڵ绰ͷ˵תԱأ´μɾͲҪغˣǵֱӺͳɡ
лҢԴٴλһʺţ㣬֮䡭
ǰ·ݵ顣˰ɣó˵㣬ͦȤģҵԸҲϵչˣҲǰȦˣҵĹȻⲻǿ˾ôĿϵĺһȥˡ
лҢС٣㲻˵һֱΪҸ¶ΣҺ˵
٣㻹ˣ˴Ҵҵܹȥ˧磬ѽ㳶Ҹɶ˭ûȥ
ڵ绰ͲһһԶȹ˰ӲȶͬлҢ˵ɣ˶Լ뿪һܲһӣпȥһҲϸ룬ʱĳ嶯ΪǶٶ𣬵ҪֻǿǿһϷ׬ƴǮԼǹ񣬵Ҳܲ˹Ժ粻ʣⲻƫô
Һ˵ˣ˵Ժ֮ǰġҺΡһϷݾѹǰȥһͶʮ༶Ӿ磬ϷЧʸߣĻһ¾ܸ㶨ĵһ㣬Ҳ£㹻ˡе¶鷳㣬֮ǰھҽѧҽԺʵϰһܲܳҽԺǱߵ˵һ˵һϷطһǮ٣⻹ѸҽԺ
лҢҰѻ˵ֻͬ˵Ҿԡ
ͬ˵ģΪ籾漰ľ鼯طһǼƣǲ⾰ǶҪҽԺط
ͬҽԺԺ˸룬ԺͬˣɻθлҢһҪ󣬡ҪϷԴӦҲܽ㣬ǲǵøҲ㹱װʵϰƨˣһȺͷ̫̫ŲŶģⶼȥˣʱʱľʻʿлûʿվ˶ˡ
Ƶˣƺ޲ô㣬Լÿ죬ҲϹ߱׼ϱдëõҪڹһȥҽһ䣬Ƿϼ񾭣
ȫҽֻ񾭣֤ˣƫƫôһ̥Ҫ񾭶ϺãƵĽƶȥˣһѣˣ˵ƵЩҽܸǷٶû죬ֻʱĥ·ݵʱһĸָֽҶϵģ񾭶ϺãУ˼֪񾭺ͷ񾭵ĶֱҪƵҽ磬һȺҽְƣ˶ʮСʱŰǸָϺá
ԭƵҽáҽڡһ󣬲Ƕ֪ƵҽҲʱ䳤ЩԺƵҽͻûӹкöҽԺĲתԺصתġ
Ƶδ㼲·޲ðմȥҽԺһУҲ׷ҪסЩתԺĲˣҲƷֵ˲ٲ˹ȥȻƵĲס˵˵ɵⶼʲô¶Ƶҽ˵޵ҧгݡ
лҢȴԼòãҽǼӼӰ࣬ò˿øЩⲻ
ҪҽֲǾٶƸ¡
ӻһѼƵİԣлҢ赽صϢͬ˵ˣ˸۹ȥôͬ־㳣˵Լ󣬵ҽԺҺүԵĵطͲ˰ɣؼʱ̻ǵҸˡ
һõƻһʺƨ൱˳ǣ㣡Ͻƻ˵ҪҪǰ֤ˣ
˸ۣ欣ɡ
ֱӻޣһܺʰ÷˸쵽˺챾
׼ˣ쵽ֱ֤֮Ӿ΢ˡ
˵壬ʵͦģɫ΢еƫڣٶ˲Ҳ֣־׳ͣڵȦѾֵˣؼǣҡ
һֱǽһҶݣմȦһ߱ߣȦǵ㻵ϰȴһ㶼ûȻҲ벻ݴйƬҶմۣŮҲȦƳϵĴ
лҢһûעˣرעϢշȥ΢ʾˡ
лҢȥתһǳɣϲϲϲ
ϲ˵൱ġ
лҢת΢ۣѵˣǲҲӦðԼ½һˣ࣬Ҳһֱð
лҢͶֻȥɱˡ
ȴлҢеúܣǿлҢҶɵһȻ󽥽˽עתƵĺϡ
ࣿ
أ
ֳ²Ʒˣ



82 ڰʮվ
ȻлҢ񳰷ǵϿҲͦóԣ ڵѶĺܣ֪ʲôǸ裡
˵ˣǶϣлҢѵ
лҢˣҪҶĻ϶Ҳһ֮һǿǿ֣ ˵׼֡ԹȺڲŲԼҴ̼
ֻ֪Ǹʲôɶ
һȺԹлҢ΢໽ӣ һֱлҢķӦȴʲôûжصվ˳Թѵɻ
ҢԼҽһоҽҩѧоԱƽʱԼDIYһЩƷã ֮ǰҢʱ ҢҵķɫãһЩԼóĤЧرãҾһֱҢõĤˣӼбر֪ ҢЩƷֻԼġ
񲻽ô˵ˣ Ը΢ü֮ǰĵƬ ЩƬһһȦʲݳһЩƷʵͼĲïЧ
ǿ Щ ֮һֱиơȻûù ҺҢ˵һо˸ٻͺһ룬κõġ˵еһ붼ѷһҢҲá[͵Ц][͵Ц][͵Ц]
Ѱͻƿ֮ЩѷĥͻĦ˹̽ϵĽ壬ټ΢ŮԼһͺǿĸУͺͷ룬СʱǰƬͱ˳
һǶոնеʱһǶͺͷ֮ץĵƬһڵĶ
ֱˣ
ǰͼƬֻ֤ǰѷͷͽһдЩС˧˵кȻƬȴصֵ۷壬ںïܵķڿԺоͺͷĽϡ
һλԳǶѵվ֤ˣӰ˵ȷʵûҺͶһģлиУѹǴƽʱı磬˯ıͷȻҲͱǵö࣬ڶƬлһٵ֮ѲдĿⱨ棬ԸĥһƪһSCI˳
ѧɹ൱˶ЩͷǿǿΪ˸ѧˡл˸Բ磬һ޶࣬û˼ΣһŵоˣҵķֻһëֺӲͷûȡ
֪˵лҢϾʵˡ
лҢеǼλʿԼԴϡϡͷΪֵƤлҢһѣлҢȻӦʡ
Щ˸ж൱һѧĥÿ˵ĿõߣΪЩ˽ѷ⣬Ĺػ
һ죬лҢͱһıⲣ칫ĵطˣһޣΪоΨĴлҢһޱ񰮳ΪĤĤ
˵ĤЧͦģϾɽʡٽϸ̺ۡջȥˮסƺѪ˿ЩͦЧġ֮ǰһֱûע⣬ж۴ˣϽţͼЧˡ
Ѿ΢м͵ĤˣֻлҢû˵Ҳ˼ҪлҢѹ಻סĵļֱӳȥϴһžӷĤȻȻһ͵ڵǰˡ
лҢʣôȥ˯ǰͿ
̫࣬ôһĤ֡ÿȥϴ˯ʱĤڰ칫ˣҲӰҿס
лҢ˵ȷʵӰ㿴ףпܻӰˡ
ĤЧ࣬ľǡζЧǶë׵ķϾɽʻ֬֬˨ɵءһʱΪ׷϶ĽŲԵذҹûͬлҢ˵ЩлҢһȵɫ֪ˣĤܰγٶ
лҢϣӺ󣬰ϵĤͿʼˣֻǰȿ׿̫棬Ҳûմû˷ϵ쳣
лҢѰϴģһϵĤͼлҢϴһ͸һ׹°Ͳӣһ߶ͽһĤ
ͺһĤһţУЩͶǴĶģ
ϡлҢæͦµظȽһźͺĤҪʣ㿴Щǵİɫο״ʣ֬֬˨ĤϼǾȸǵЩһɫĶϵķϾɽʲ㡣
лҢͺĤ˼ۣͻȻһʰȣǲǳԿϵ»¿ʿըˣθܲǺܺð°ϵ̫֬˰ɡбϵЩ͸ҵѽȻһһģȣǲǻ̫ˣһ޶ĤãƤӲģһʱ̥ܿǵЧ
ĵױʲôˣͳֻĹܣصе˾һۣԼϲû̫ı仯Щʧ
лҢЦ㵱ʲôɵҩأһξʮꣿЧĤƤָһḶ́żһֱſǿ϶ǿʲôЧģҪǸ첻һӾͿġҪ뿴Ļ˯ǰһΣ糿ϵЩͱտڷ۴Щˡ
ҲһԻ·⡣
Ϊ֤лҢĤǲĹãϸоͿĤ֮ŸŶһ߻ؾģ֪Ըһ̵ĹӰжô
·ĺü㳡̫̫Щŵ
лҢõİ칫߻ؾŮᣬ˽Сʱʱ䣬ٽŵʱ򣬰ȰĤųһŶͰȥ򵥵ϴ֮ϴ˯ˡ
ڶ糿һ죬ܵͿʼվӣԼϵĶ۴̹Ȼ٣ϵĺͷҲûˣ˶Ÿžӱ˺ü
ŮֶӣմӲͿȶžӰڹһصС֮ͬһλ˵֪ǸлҢоİе⣬һͶžģֱë
ŮʿסĶһһ̨ı׼ᣬסһа˸λסˡ
ϴ֮ŶͳȥлҢõİ칫طȥˡ
֪ǣǴһС˼ŮʿȡůȺƽʱҶȺһȣȺжˡ
֪ôȺˣ糿ϲʱ򣬷ְȶľһͨ죬ͺײһ˵ǲĿѹ̫ˣ
ȵѳĬһ֨Ӧǣǰ֮Ǹ۴Ƶ绰˵лҢָǸƪģæдذɣ
ϲײȵǸŮʿһʺţ󻹲һ䡰ƪ
Ůʿ˲Ͳ֨ˡ
˼ƪһ˰ɣŸնʿһ꼶˼Žʮƪһˣأһƪû
΢ԲһһҵҹΣ˼ҵļ棬ľдüҳأдüУʮǶղ롣
һһŮʿͻȻʣ˵ڸʲô
⻹ʣǿľдģŶˣ񻹵ʵ顭ѧϰ
ȺŮʿͻȻͿʼԼˡ



83 ڰʮվ
ҩƴѧ豸ɹܹĵذȥ 豸б깤Ҳڼ̵ʱչʮʱ䣬̨豸λˡ
лҢŸȺͶģ˾ѾɣֻʣһЩССĹлҢ㽫ͬӽҩƴѧļλʿ˻ȥ һǸҵѧʹãһöͰ׼һ׶εʵԡ
лҢˣ ǻص˾ҽѧҽԺļƣֻλϴβͬϴʵϰ Ϸ
һϸ ڵĲ˷ֳ没˺ͼٲࡣ
没˼лҢΥ˼ƣҺţлҢܳóʱ
鲻ʱҲó飬˶Ѿˣò޹
ǣ ݱˡϷʱһԵţһҪϷݽ лҢҸ˿ĳ档
һĻˡ
ÿлҢݼߣ ̨ʹҲȣ ȻƾлҢϷȥ˿һ㣬 ܸлҢһҵıǩ
ⲿСҽ֡ һҩɾȵĲҽ֪ƣļȴøֶҽĲ磬ĨҽֱҽܲסѹҽԺʮ߲ߵ¥Ծýѵı磬ȻڹҽѽһȺҽֵ˶˷ͥʮ򣬵ҽȴҲزˣҽĸ׺ũҩѻûþȥ
ⲿĳͻʵ̫ˣӸտʼҽеƢЩҽֵ˱Ƶƿԣٵľ󺰴Сҽǵǣ
лҢڼ˾ľͷȥһЩص⾰ڵ¥һڡ
лҢҽԺ¥ǽд˵۾Ϲģͬô˵طαߵİסҪѪЩϴۡ
һ͵͵ҽԺ¥Ск֮⣬û˿ҽӸ¥һԾµĳ棬Скڵϣˤ롣
ҽͺǱ紵ĻҶһ㣬ڵϵһ̲Ѫϡ
ɱҽҽԺһָڿרңҽĲ˲֪ж٣ЩҲȲҽˣǸСкܴ̼˼죬ಡͻȻļ¥ﺰҽҽȴҲҲزˣСкЧ̨ϡ

лҢϷʽɱ࣬ڼƳ䵱ʱ򣬸ЩŶӵﲡ˶һ飬ʱҲ͵ˡ
лҢ֦ͬһк֦Ҫسܾˡ
һ߽׶벨ʿһ𣬷ɻڲʿ٣лҢ߳¥ƤѾдֵӵŽӻˡ
ȻлҢǸƤڶĲʿʵû˻ͨʿ෴ģΪҩѧĳɾͣ಩ʿлҢ൱𾴵ġ
ҽѧϵһʮִѧоλ
лҢͬƤڼһ棬ƤڵĽ£⵽һ䰲ȫԺܺõĹԢڹѧʱȶ
ͰȵִǿһֱڰлҢʵ飬Ȼǧ֮ң缼ķ㣬ÿһεܹٿоɵزȥҲû˳
лҢԼʿ׶ȷоǡڰ֢չеıơһʮҽѧϵɫоʵо򻹴һƪҩ̼ϸĿƻ
ֻŪзӵãԵȥѡҩԽа֢ơ
лҢԼȷоͬƤ˵֮ƤڱԼź֧лҢľҽѧϵΪлҢ赽Ӧʵ鳡ء
Ķƺ糿ʱѩϻؾסĹԢʱѩлҢʵоУ֮ǰʱʱˢһε΢Ժ
뷨ֻһһ㡣
оٶڿһ㡣
ĳɹٳÿһ㡣
ͰʵٶҲٿһ㡣
һȷҪǰܵʱ򣬾ͻ᲻ԾغԺܶ飬ʱ䡣
ֱũ굽ˣȺﶼʼʱлҢŷӦѾôˡ
֪ϦϦ֪ա
-------------------------------------
ڹȥһҩ緢£ʵҩ򶼷һϴơ
ڼʡĴ֧£Ҽ˲ʾ˳ɣ黨ҩҵ뿵ҩҵΪ׵һѹҩҵʽ˲աгʾʽԡ˲-JTΪҪɷֵġȱ顯ԡ˲-JFΪҪɷֵġƢҡʽͨҩˣ˳
Һ̨̺Ӷ֪ƳҲ׷׿ʼ˲ҩƵҵ˲εļ۸һӾͱˡ
ܶ೴ŵĳԱᵽ˲αľ޴ֿʼ㡮Ρֻϧ׼þгƾðһĭЩšҪֵʱгѾΰѿסˡ
ȱĳ֣ھ뽵ѪǡҩʲôϢΪȱЧ̫ǿˣѪЧԶһĽѪҩ򲡻ĹЧȥ۸΢е֮⣬ûȱ㡣
ĻǼ۸΢е󣬶رĹ
˲αмеĸ߼ƷȱǴ˲ȡġ˲-JTΪҪɷƳģܱ
˲-JTǴӺܲȡģ
ȱ顯һļ۸úܶҽҩҶ˿ֻҪȱ顯ļ۸񽵲ǵռͲᱻռ̫ࡣ
վزŽȱ顯ҽΧ֮УزšзӦ
⡮ȱ顯ɱʵ̫ˣѾͬ黨ҩҵͨΣƵ黨ҩҵĸóɱˣǼ۸ʵѾ˷ָĵ׼ۡ
ƽʱ˲ζԲˣҪ˲ξ⣬ⲻ쿪ô
ЩǮǼпˣǲáȱ顯ǳԵЩӱƷ˵ȱ顯Ѿƽеƽˡ
ؼȱľЧ
黨ҩҵҩ鲼ȫг֮߳󣬡ȱ顯һȽ֣СٿƾɫЧѸƹ㿪
˿ڻԽСᱣϵͶ븺ˣܶҶҽٿҽΧ֮С
ΪʲôΪ˶ʳԼըʳƷгģѪѹѪ֬ѪǵĻ൱ߣҪǽҩҽΧ֮УͶᱣϵǮٵ÷
ͨôࣿ
Ǿ֣
һβǾΣ
һʱ䣬ҶˡΪɶս羰ߡ
Ⱥ鼤ܵȺǰŵˣٿ˳ҽദҽԺҩ궼ŶӵٿȺҪ
ͷ򵥣䵽ͨͷϵǮܻ٣
һǴ֧ˣϽҽԺصҽƲ⣬˵ǡٿĹӦҩ
಻ĹȺڻΪ黨ҩҵӦ׷ȥ黨ҩҵĹٷ¿磬Ҫ黨ҩҵӦ
黨ҩҵܿ˻Ӧ黨ҩҵһֱʮעغг˽⵽⹩Ӧֶȱϵȡ˰ٷְʮҩں⹩ӦԤӦΪ
У黨ҩҵ㹩ӦĸҶġٿעˣǻ˵֮ʵʱ¸ҩɹһһЩҩҽн벹ȡл߶ܾҩ
黨ҩҵĶˡ



84 ڰʮվ
ٿĻ𱬣 ɿҩҵġƢҡԵõ͵ˡ
͵ǵ͵ ׬Ǯһ㶼û׬
ЩܻǮԼֻ㻨Ǯһ廨ȥˣ ȱǮ
ҽƢֲǴͳϵļҩ ƢҲκεˣ෴ мߵıֵ ûκε
óԳԡúȺȣ õӻǻӣ ؼǣڽݡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼԡ˲-JF֧֣ һʱ͹˽Ƣң΢ɹһȦǸʳ޴󡢷˵СҲ˽Ƣҡ
ܶܽʳŵǷ׷ͨ٣ ǻ˿ҩҵĹѣԸ˸񵣱 Щˡ
ǻȱ򱣽ƷǮ
ΪƢҵĵһͻ ֮Ȳسһ٣ϣЩ˾ͱˡ
˵ ٳһˮ˵ⶼ顣
ƽʱûо ôͶץӷˣ
Щסĵطвʳ Ըˡ
Щסĵطûвʳ ֻҹܣ ýץĵľʱķɵŮһģ毺õĹҹӹԢܳȥ˲Զḷ́Ȼ˸߲ʳһ١
ýе£ǼʱץЩ棬ع⵽ȥ
ɵŮȶͷǶʮ绪ïĹܶ˶ϲýң˵ԼΪƽʱööһ⣬Ȼҹȥ̡ǸоԼܵƭ
ҹȥԺ̣Ǻ˼˵Լʳ
ʳİ
СǶֵ𣿲˵һٺ𣿡
ǸоԼܵƭɵŮľ˲ŸоԼܵƭ
ߵʱǧЩһҪס죡һҪס죡ԶʱͶˮ
أ
ĵػԸסĵط˯һ֮ͷԼµ˴ҹȥԻˣš
˵һʱЩߵȥ˵绰ͳûʹ䣬ʮߵͬ˵㣡Ǵҹ͵͵ȥģѹûǿź·УǳԺ̾Ȼң̫ˣֲ֣£
Աһ·סĹԢʱ̲ס룬֮ǰЩСǵʱʱ͡ʱʱ£ǲǾΪѾͨ
ɵŮǳ꺣̻ʮ˯һڶ糿ŷԸȻһٺѡ
ǻɾǺ̼ŸǮѣǵѸ̴һι档
ЩɵŮǽʾ֭ôͬ˽ʱСŰһسӹͬ˵ǿƳأϳԻ϶֣˼ܵи֮Ҳи
ɵŮسһվȻˣȻֻ˰ﲻ룬⻹Ǻôһأ
ǸƳֵŮɫۿɼٶȿյ˵֪ͲǺˣ϶һҲְ֪ˣӻ徻𣿡
һŮգգ۾ͻȻʣСҶǲ糿ûϲϽϸȥ
ǸֵŮһˣŮҲϽϡ
Σ·ϣ¹ʲô취ֻҪصȥǺð취
һ嵽ռλķɵŮЩԼйŵͰһͱˡǻϣسһվˣ
ͷĽ˲ж
һصǹ˲ɵһǼҩˡҼǵҩдľǽƢθģǳԲƢθܱͲ챻Ǽҩ˿θϾͶˡǼҩĹðҹôһٺ̣˯һ㶼ûǣȻˣҵѽ֮ǲǾͲýʳˣ
ɵŮ½½شسһվԼضˣ鶼
ǣ˺̣ҪҪȥտ
õ˴ҵһͬ
˻𼱻ǵظϹԼµ˶ȥһӣûŷȥ̰ô
ɵŮЦطϣȥԺˣҹģë
˲ţǴϳԻһ㶼û֣ɵӺأ
һСｫƢҡø˿㣬ҹͶˣԺ̵ʱ򣬶ԵġʮһˣһǧģҪҪҲҩ
ʲôҩǶϹ³Գ
һ߹棬һ߿ҩӣáƢҡе죬ֻһѣͿּҩǸ΢
ԼѾˣǰ쿴΢ʱ򣬻˵ҲµһЩǶԣû뵽ԼˡǸ޵úܣ⼸겻֪ʲô鵤ҩ˾ϻͯһʺˣɫҲˣ˿Ҳ࣬˵ڳԷһ㶼ƣƾǳҩˡлҢĹϵãôԴ˵øлҢøлҢˣлҢʲôö˰ɡǼȻˣǾ͸˵ϵԣҪĶвĵطϽȥҽԺ飬ô
һʣ㣬ҩ֮ʳǿô죿
ֻҪԲ֣Ǿʲô¡ҿ˵ǽݣּͨҩܹڵʲôϸ䣬ʵ˱ʣǶԡֲǲǳԷֻǳھͷǰʱܱ״ֻ̬ҪԲ֣ʲôԡ
Ծͷʱ򣬶΢ġסҪ֤ԼϾǱ뿴ݺݡ
˵ҲⳤģЩ毺õ˶໽УۣܲƽʱҪϸҲΪϾʱÿһЩ˲ýʳܱĵİ취˺αΪأ
⾭ߵʱ򣬻Ƕ˷ɵŮһͨҲּ̫ҩԵʱýˣ˶ҲøϣײʱȥǸߣ
ɵŮͳԵӪƬûסȥһСϺϣտͱŵװס
ڶһûҲûֻ˸о֮ǰˡ
ЩϲðķɵŮ𴲵ʱе㵣ԼԵĶ̫࣬ðһվӣһûðԭȰ͵ĵطҲû̫ͣҪǴɫ
ΪڽʳԵʣܶɵŮĴɫƫףƽʱŵʱ򣬶ںֵȻͻֳһ֡ѪɫĹУվӵʱ򣬷ִɫ࣬²Ϳں죬ҲԵɫ̫ˡ
ַӦ˿ɲǷɵŮ
ܶǶýƢң֮ķӦ̫𣬶ǷԸʳãʳֳһּĿʵڿƲʳ֮Щ˾ͱƹˤ뷨ȥԼˣ˶ȥһʱ䡣
ȻǺԺȺü죬زû΢˽Щ˵ǽƢ⣬صȥҽԺһ£ԼĸָԭȻҪúܶࡣ
ҽݼ鿴˰Σɻʣǵǽ״̬࣬ͨƵĻͨʲôʲôҩˣ
ǷֽƢҡ
һ˵ǳҩҽʱ;ˣѹ֣Ե˲ȡЧȻҽҽҲһЩ˲ȡҪнƢθЧƢθˣ˵ȻˣԵĶӪлϣĹָܶǽ״̬Ȼͼˡ



85 ڰʮվ
֪䣬 ƢҾͳΪǵĳ ЩǸԼǡɡ裬 춼ڽݣ ʵÿ춼ַýƢңȥҲݣ ֻƢֻὫЩ׸ȥ Ҫ Ҫߣ
ڷýƢҵͬʱ Чܸøԡ
ЩǸԼǡԻ裬֮ǰ˵Լôôܳԣ žͷԺȣʵϻȥ֮ȫһţˮȲ˼ڣ ڷֽƢҵ湦Ч֮Ǿͳ׽ˡ
֮ǰ˲̨˵ǵĳԻ趼ģ 㷴һ£ ˳Բ
糿ֱԶСֱ̲裬ֱԻ ֱԸָСģϻֱһ̵СϺ ֱߵηͰ
ȵֱʱ Ŷһ䣬 ۣ Եĺ㣬
вԵˣ֮ǰֲֻҳ԰ˡ
ֱ統һ˽⵽֮Ϳֱּˡ
ŮŮŮƢˣ
ΪضյüǣӦңֽƢһҪҰϣҪɷǡ˲-JFŨȴﵽٷ֮ʮߣ·ǶڳԣӰҲģ
üǲ֪˲-JTʲôֳɷǾҽѧоԱҩƴѧƸлҢƵģʮֻġȱ顯ͬͬԴȡ˲ΣרȨлҢ׬ڣ˵רܲҪרֵۣΪҩҵԩͷ𣿡
ҵѽ˲֪лҢ𣿴ʡ߿״ԪŴѧƸĺоԱڹѧҽѧϵоһʮҽҩѧңһλʮֳڵѧңҵ˽⣬ϾΪ׼ĿǸĿγѧģлҢһλʮԱΧ桷ҺΡԼӳġҽ֡ÿһ綼ƾ䣡
OH-MY-GOD·˰ɣ
ǣԹǿƢҺΪǵزģװƶĽƢңѾǸ·ǵĳˣҸһڲͬ΢гֵͼƬڹҳǿһ£
ҵѽŮҲǿ𣿽ӰҲãԱҲãϹ佱ԽԽĶҩһӰģ֪ӰĹϵһֱܺãʵĽ
Ҹ˵ʳʮΣնʮʹģҩҵƳֽƢҾ˳ԳԺȺȶݣСϢɵŮǶֽƢңտǺǴһţһ㶼ûнʳӣ㿴𣿡
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ʮֱ֮һˣôİЧԵģҶкܴЧܹǽ״̬³´лЧʣʮһУԪŻȯʡµǮںͰˣ
ɽţٶȻߣһ˵˾˵
̫ˣ𰡡ԪŻȯŶ࣬ʮеĻԪҲ͸պĨȥһͷ
Ҳôļҩ
ֱһζʧòЦݡ
ʱһصĹӿֱ䣬µֱһɫ΢һ㡣
һֱٺе˷˵ҩҵּҩĿǰûȫۣܶѶҴһо׬һУ
ֱһĿɿڴؿſҩҵṩһһڱһɨգε˵emmmamazingüǣҩҵṩĿѾˣѾҵֱ·֮Ļǽ߹ٷŶ
ллҶҵ֧֣лһƷ
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ֱĵ죬һ֮ǰΪʳʶԼƬҲſֱֱǡǽһ¡
ֱĵһ죬ȥ죬õԼ챨棬ֱ
ÿ춼ýƢңÿһͨԹ֮󣬾ȥߣһܣȥһΣǽ״õԵĸơ
ּһܣǽ״̬ʧ˿Ŷ˺üꡣ
ȵµµʱpoԼտʼ챨Լո챨棬˳poԼһǰƬԼڵƬƬԵĶԱȣͬ˿˵һֱڼ˶һµĸı䣬Ҫǳ˽Ƣң⻹оǷˣƭˣҩЧĺǿ
ΪһµֱֱɼΪ⣬˳شӿҩҵˡƢҡĴԡ
ЩܷǮҲ˽Ƣҵͷ׷׿ʼ΢Ϲ¼
йһµʱ䣬һٶʮݵ˾ʮԭȱ֬һŵҲ¶˳ʵ쵽Ϯ
ȽϺݣǳԽƢǽߣһ֬ʿʵˡ˿еϮ
ΪǣһȺʱʹĹ˵Լҩ֮Ƣº࣬ܶ档
һЭҽѧԺҽϽվ͵ԭ򣬡Ƣθ麮˺׵ѪѪһϵе⣬
\ƢҶƢθ൱ǿģƢθָܻѪҲὥϺܶƽʱŲµȷȷʵʵڵë϶õһ̶ȵĻ⡣
һЧԣֻǴûע⵽ýƢҵУַԼֽŶٱ𣿡
ҽϽڲ˵ܶ˻ûע⵽ⷽĸı䣬㣬ϸһ룬òƷҩֽ֮űĸ࣬˯֮ĵ¡جεȣõ˲̶ͬȵĻ⡣
ʱֱ۸߶ûˣ׷ȥֱһ磬ֱһź˵ԪԼʮһŻǴۣ֮ǰòײ̸ڿҩҵѾܶຣгͨˣƢҴڹӦ״̬ҩҵκεĴˡ
ֻܿȥԭµ
˲-JFΪĽƢ롮˲-JTΪȱг˫˫Ϊ黨ҩҵͿҩҵ
黨ҩҵںĶԱڵĶΪٿںۼҪԶڵۼۣ൱黨ҩҵ쵼һúгг
黨ҩҵҽԺΪЩ򲡶סԺĲ˽зü⣬ȱļ۸񽵵˳ɱۣͬǣڹ۳ٵȱ飬ҩҵ׬һǮһҪķããҩﴢõȵȡ
زŸ߶ȵ黨ҩҵһٶ黨ҩҵΪеĵҵ
Ƣ׬˸貧Ŀҩҵڶ෽濼ǣ˲ȡɱеİٷ֮ʮ԰黨ҩҵٴνۡ
Һ̨̺ӾƳȿ˲ҩгҵҲ뵽˲γɱ黨ҩҵֵ߰ٷ֮Ǹ黨ҩҵֵ߰ٷ֮塭
黨ҩҵԭҪ֧ٷ֮ʮ˲γɱֻҪ֧ٷ֮ʮģɱۿһС룬Ӧģȱļ۸Ҳŵ˲٣ټ黨ҩҵӹгĲȱļ۸ɹϰ΢ҧҧļ۸
ٷֱӰһȺ˲ʾйҵһ飬ʢЩҵǡĻҵ



86 ڰʮվ
Ƣȱ鶼ΪͼӰЧˣ ֲ֮Ʒ վֲƷ׼רлҢȴԵЩš
лҢԼľʱ䶼ʵоϡ
ԼµĲʿоǡڰ֢չеıơΪص룬 ֱӲ뵽ʵӦȥлҢ ǽ޵ССо ӱİء
ĿѶһ㶼͡
лҢڹѧҽѧϵӼ˰˸µʱ䣬 㽫صĺʵȫˣ ͬƤ˸٣ͱŵԻصԼסĹԢ
չؿʼ
дĲأ

˳º֦ʱʱ򼸸Ƶ绰ɧš֮⣬лҢ˵Ľֻʣ¶ǿĳԱԶָˡ
лҢʼ лʵˣ ˳ ҩⷽ棬һֱûо˼·пһƵСᣬлָ㣡
ԴӽҩƴѧǱߵѧ˾֮󣬶ͰȶлҢĳƺͱˡԭǳƺлҢǡС ٶЩЦζ棬ĳΪл ʵѾϽлҢһءʦݡ
лҢӵӲ﷭˷İƪף ѹ֮ ˹ȥ ظȰЩ׿꣬ȻҲҪȥˣȥ֮ϸۡ

лعŸ٣ļ١
лҢظҵĲʿѧλĿ㶨ˣʱύҽѧϵˣƪѧλصһЩ׶оɹҲȫȥµʱ䣬Ҿܰߵ֮عˣʱϸ⡣
Щ׶оʮҪʮҪʮҪҷ׶꣬׼дĵĹо״ɣǰʵҲ꣬ȡ¾˳ҵ
ͰҲһ£ϣ±ҵʮԱҵĻٺò
ԼбҪһлҢл⿪ѧŲҽѧʿһ㶼ҵ㿴дҵǲ̫ˣ
лҢҲһ£ľǿ֧˵һȥ֮ò˶þͻͣھҽѧоҪȥҹˣʱҩƴѧЩ˺˵ȥĶʹȥͰȲһϣҵȻĻ֮оҿܰﲻ̫ࡣ
ողΪлҢϾͻعϲʧӰ١
Ű򣬶ҵһϢںͼ̻ݲеİȡ
ȴֵٶȽˣһصͬ˵лع֮Ҫҹǿ϶šҩƴѧڳ̶ԼлͬҩƴѧܶȣлпȥҩƴѧУϢøϽ˵лĲھҽѧǿ϶øϽġ
ԶԶԣ¶øϽͬ˵УȣҴǰҵˣС㹻ˣҸһϣ±ҵӦû⡣
ͷһ㱵룬ҪǸһϵĻӦҲ±ҵ
ȺͶȻǸлҢоʵǹεĲʿˣҪǰҵ϶̸
˻صҽѧΣεǲǰҵֻ˶һ䣬ϸжƪˣ
ʵѾһʮƪ˵Ļƪֱһƪ󡣴ĻݣҲдƪ³
ȵȶ΢һЩ˵Ѿʮƪˣ˵ƪֱƪڸġĲӦҲٳƪ
ĬĬ˸ʽ˵ڶʮƪҡ
ʶͰȣڿأ
һ˵ǶµͷϧлҢãлҢôõideaôõʵݡôľѣͷһƪ£ֱǱ
ʿѧλĵЩˣкüѾĲˣͷһƪ£ǶģЩѧ³
˱ˣskrˣ
ˣҪǰҵҲû⡣ѧɹͦ˶ҪھҽѧӦò̫ѣҽѧأҪҪһ£
֮󣬾ͷѧıͦ΢ʣôˣǻϾҽѧ
Ͱȱ˵һæ͵ǲǣҽѧԸҪǣǵҡѾˣлߣȥĶǾȥĶлϾҪعҹˣѧɹǿǿԣӦܸлһߡ
λԼĶ⣬СлⲻǲųȥҪˣ׿ͬ˵ģ
ͷл׿ں˵ģ˵ѾдˣŻҪµʱڹѧǱߵѧɹȳɹȫȥǱߵҲãȻͻҹ
ҹ֣˵ñȽء
ΰ˻ȥúøоͷһﾩҽѧϽȥУ쵼ȥˡ
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ҽѧЩϽڶǹǻҼˣеĺܶ˶ھҽѧʮ꣬ʮƽ֮ǰھҽѧģ˵УˣǰУУԼǸһҲ
֮ǰΪ±ҹһȺضµ칫˵飬ͬˣСл˲ţǿ϶ԸġҲˣֱͬСлɣ˲߱׼Ҫֻһȫְǲ˶ٸѧУƸȫְĸУֻһǾǾܴӦǾǸԺʿҲͬ⡣
ǵı֤ͬлҢͨ
ûʲôƣֱӽԸóĳⶼ˳лҢȤĸУνֱƸڡ
лҢǱ߳ٳûлӦΪľܾε̾ϢһֻһԼµĲʿ
лҢҪǱĸУȥҩѧɽͷ͵ͬǱˣͰߵҲˡ
ҽѧʧذ
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ºлҢûֻϵ磬ѴӡװãύƤڵİ칫ϡ
ͬƤ˵صоɹҶѾͶ˳ȥƪTUGƪڡnatureһƪڡscienceһƪ£TUGǱߵӦúܿ죬˵ǻ壬Ӧû̫⣬nature롶scienceı༭ҲѾ˻Ӧ˵һڻ
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ˣȥϵһ˰ɣڹѧν̵뷨ǰϲ㡣
лҢصԼоң򿪵ԣҵύ˹ѧıҵѧλύϵͳУȥҽѧϵϵεİ칫ҡ



87 ڰʮվ
Ǵھ󿪼ҩѧʱ лҢͬѧҽѧϵϵμ棬 ˱˴˵ϵʽѧ֮ ҽѧϵϵλȹοȡ
ټҽѧϵϵֱӷ˾ˣ Ңл Ҽǵȥʱͬ˵صУ 㣬 ڹ˽һʱ䣬ıûбŨĿзΧ
лҢʵʵ˵ĿзΧȷʵܺã һҪعڻϰ֮Ҹо
ҽѧϵϵοлҢĿе֣ ͷ·ڿһ϶ͯ
ڷò еҪصչйȥ
ǲë
лҢҽѧϵϵεgetȫѶϢֻͷߵؽͣǹÿƼҵߵñȽϿ죬Ա
Ҫʱ ǵĿݶѾԵմմˣѷĿݻҪһǰ£ ڻ׶ֻҪԶ һϿκʱڵ㵽  ֮Ҷҳš
ҪģҼˡѡ鶼ڻϲĲʽҲڻ˵˽֣Щˡζе֡
ҽѧϵϵβûбֳκβŵʼ磬Ȼϧ֧ľǰϲ˳ҵ֮мƻĻڴ

ƪ˳лҢյѧߵĲʿҵ֤鼰ѧλ֤飬˵Լסķӻع
ҽѧϵϵٴ˵ҾùҽѧϵӦôһڡnature͡scienceϷôƪĵѧߣ㲻Ըڹô֪ûڹѧҽѧϵһоԱģֻϵûκʵԵԼ
лҢȻӦ
̤ϻ׶ķɻǰлҢλ΢ţ׼ϻعķɻˣ絽׶ڼһ죬ȥ̸𣿡
οлҢģʽǰһ˻ظã
µ븹УлҢûֱӾܾҽѧ֦Ǿ˵ϣ
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ؾǺ󣬵Ǵɨ䣬лҢͻ˴ʱ䣬Щþû·˳ȫϴһ飬ֿȥк͹̳ȱĶϣûȫһ͹ȥˡ
º֪һģһ°䷹ˣڷѧ顣
лҢʣѧôѾһûϹѧϵͳˣûзʲôµĲƷ
ѧҪǼѵϣѵгòˣһڵԼררˣпӢ͸߿ӢҲͶзأǸдϵͳòƷ첻ǺܺãһֱûôƹȥȻҲûƹйأҪΪдϵͳѧûȺû̫غϡ
дϵͳжôãлҢԼǳԹģһֱãΪдϵͳƹ㿪ˣû뵽Ȼ
ȥ΢˵һɣܹԱĹнųĺöӦñûġ
лҢ¾ͳֻ༭һ΢ȥ
Ҷ˵**ķÿ죬û֪дĴΪʽգ֪ΪʲôСʱĸʽŰ߷
ͺͷĿйѵwordһһ
ʲôʱȾȺӣӶ챻ĵʽƷˣ
ɮϴͷƮ᡿ΪʲôҪСʱڲҢŮѧˣ
лҢֻǾģʽ΢ǸСȦһֱӣҲûõķѾ˲лҢեһ֭
ºʣ㷢΢ô
ô㲻ţ磬ǿѧȦӰ
лҢֻһԱ΢ʲôöûУѧڳġǹ֡д²죬ߡ
Ҳ˵ʲô尸޷
лҢŵҽѧĲʿҲ
ҪȥҩƴѧϿĻڡѧɹѶһͻ֣ᷢһڣҩƴѧ˺ܶˮƽ£Щµ˶лҢصģ˵ЩȻǽҩƴѧģ׶лҢĿ
ҵڵϽڶòпĳһλԺʿǰûվ˵ж츳û̫ߵҪֻҪ̤ʵĿףڿҿʵ飬һɹͱлҢûӸ
вҪ츳
츳ĿԱû츳ĿԱͲͬһ֡
츳ĿԱлҢûãĳڡnature͡scienceԼһĳɹҲǱһڿаģйи߲ʵڿ˼Լ塣
û츳ĿԱϰ꣬ԼͷԼذһѧλŲ˶ĳɹȥλȻԡꡯΪλһƪһƪذɹֱʹˣϼ̨ס
һԱܴ̼ǣѧȦҲһһ˵õȮ졯ĵطлҢԼлҢоЩԱҲȫˡһ¾ͺ͸²һһһ硣
ټϡȱ顯͡ƢҡĴ߻ԼڡСǮǮĴ̼Ī˵ѧȦͨȺڣ֪лҢ˵Ŀţơ
ԭȾˣлҢŶӵоԱдһƪôоԱĸʽҪ죬һлҢ΢ԭ˼
һȺ˶ˢлҢҳ˶˸ӵСʱ
΢Χ۵ȡȺڵȵͣлҢͳºȴԵա
˰ѷ꣬ºȥˢ룬лҢθڵĲˣͽѧдϵͳ˳ȥԼѧ
дϵͳֻڿΪĸʽͷʹʱʱһ뷨@ѧļԱҵ뷨ʵƸϵͳʹΪһŰ桢ﲡܾȹΪһĲƷ
ŶӵоԱϵͳλͬ־Ѿʹ˽ʱ䣬ӽҩƴѧġͬ־ҲѾʹһཫʱ䣬ĿǰϵͳѾΪŶӲĵġŶʹõĿϵͳĽͼŰĹѾúɫȦ˳
ͼԸдǸСͿϵͳҳ棬ȦĺȥȻǶѧŰģ顣
һĿйӿѧĹǹµ
ҲһЩ˵Ĺעƫˡ
־ѵʦԺʿСѧŶӻпϵͳΪ˰칫飬ѧ顢ƼĶ׵İ顢в˰顭ΪʲôǿڶԼİ칫ϵͳǿȴ΢źQ-Q
СཷǿͲ΢źQ-QˣõǶϢͻʾѶǸ򿨹ˡ
Ը͸¶Ůʿ˼ҵĿ飬ϰŷһwhateverǵĿ飬ϰǴһ
ҩƴѧлڣУʣϵͳǴĶģҩҲܻϵͳԱḺأ

лҢҩƴѧظΪ˷㣬Լġ
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88 ڰʮվ
ºϴ꣬ ӱ﷭лҢˮ ˼̶˳ݸлҢһ̣ Լһ̣Ҳ̱ɳϿʼˢ΢
ҪˢлҢ΢
лҢ΢ġ̬ºЩЦУ˼֮󣬲ǿǿЦѹȥ
Ң ΢ϹǸϵͳ Լģ
лҢˮ̳Ե˹ ô 㲻ţ
º죬һʹı飬˵šָָǵкɫһƹ˾Ҳð̫ˡ費Ҫ˸ŻһUIƣ
ٺò ҰҪܶƳˣ һЩϸڵĵطû ѧĳСһ£ ܲܰǵAIĳǶȥ ԵĻ ŷŵȥɣ ҿҩƴѧѾСͿϵͳˣ׬ԵԷԱΪ
ºȻ𾴣մлҢߣͼлҢһ˵Чʾ͵ͣ첻ǿǱˣе˶ûʱ˾УѧôҰﲻٰٰ̫࣬ܰɡ
ºжˡ
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ŰϵͳԭȵĶͦߣΪλʽξ󣬳º۲˰Űϵͳļ۸˽صֳһ졢һܡһ¡һȡһꡢײͳȻʱԽԽŻݡ
лҢ΢ġ㡯ѧĹ֮󣬵һʱͿŰϵͳ
׼ȷ˵ϵͳѾŰϵͳˣǽСߡڱŰĹϣοһʼӲϵȹܣϳа˿ԱڸоʱҪȫ̡
ǹˡߡоԱֻҪԼڵĿԺУݿߡͿáߡõѧ¡
AIɵѧ̵ʱڽݽȼУɸѡݲö͡
ԱҲԽԼоƫУÿһСʱͻԱԶݿ⣬Ѱ·Ŀгɹʵʱ͵ԱĸϵͳУԱҲֶסԼооɹˡ
ԼҪ֮󣬿Աֱӽ׵뵽ڸ˵׿УɷּĶĹҲע
Լдĵʱ򣬿ԱԼص£ԼԼıʼǣֻҪԼõĹ۵ԭóɶӦĳӣŰϵͳͻԶο׵һŰ澫ģܱ֤κθʽ
ؼǣAIѾϾݿ⣬ԱڱдĵĹУʵʱأ֤ظʲ׷Ҫı׼ߡ
AIĳɵĲسбڴͳظԱȲѯǲöԱȷʽܹЩӸдʵϴϮ©֮ץҲܽЩòظĲԶģظܣ
ЩԱԭֻһŰû뵽ӿѧĹ֮Ƿ֡ߡըƷ
ĳлҢ;ȥƷ򵽲Ʒ֮ãһǳɵѵԭ˵ҪûСߡǸ㲻гɹָָܹ⣬ˡߡ㲻гɹֻԭһǱٲųϿе·ģмıֻһ
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лҢΪºҪıطס˳Ųһ緹û뵽ºõдǸСͿϵͳԴ֮󣬾ʹҴҿˡ
붼֪º϶ȥѧĳԱӹѹȥˡ
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æ˽СʱлҢؼҵʮƿȪˮͱʮƿࡣ
лҢʮƿȥоҸȡغ˵ʣµʮƿºԱѧĳԱС硣
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лҢĶŸһȥɣָ˳ԱȻлҢıڶ˳䵽緹Žʮƿᵽ˺ȥѧİ칫ء
ʱһ꣬ѧѾسǳװᵽ˾ǣΪ˾ΪԱṩⷿԼͲͨȣԭŰᵽ˾
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ϵЦ˲ûˣеͣ££ܣǹ˾ⶼЩɶ·̯𣿡
ºNɪɲҸĹ˾СлʦгԱĸǵӦö֪֮࣬ǰ΢˵СлʦеǸѧ֮ǰǻΪͺشϹôõóͷ
ĳԱһ⻰ӵϣͰЩװũɽȪһա
̵س˳ºİ칫ңͬ˶ôĶһ
ŵ˶Ųӵſ쵽ʲô˾أͿһƿġۡʱͲĽˡ
ѧĹʸֲܲȱһƿ۵Ǯ
GREеһʦʣ˾ǷĸЩʲôôװûУ
һĳԱش𣬡СлʦƳ࣬ݵӵǸ񲻻ôֻһ˶òСлʦ˵ǳԱ̫ˣ˵Ҫ
⻰ֱӾͱѡ
˭˵ֻгԱѷˣ
ڵ˵ѷѾձ
ʦ찾ҹѧоͷҲһһѵصܱȳԱõȥ



89 ڰʮվ
ѧѾܾúܾûиˣ ΪлҢһ΢ߡ˳ ܶ뵽ѧ
˵˼ѵҵѧѾת
ѵ˼ѵ㲻ˣ
صȥѧص΢ŷ֣ԭѧһֱơ
˼뿼Ӣ֮ ѧֿиGREGMATȰ飬˵Щ˼ͿӢ󣬵ѧԱеĿڱ൱á
룬ѧҲѾʱˡ
ѧ˳pkһͬУ ΪϽһ磬 ½ǿǿϣ ư˹ڵѵ
ĽѾתͣ ǱƲգģѧģʽ⿯ϵͳȵȡгĲпֻѡԼаĲƷʱĳ޷ӭߵ Ǿֻܱ̭
ѧܳʱ䲻棬 ˼ûǮ棬 Ѿ˲ҲѧԴԴϵӿľ硣
ʱ䣬 ѧһسǵĹұھǵĴ˾ ÿϣ ºлѧԱΣ ԭΪЩѧԱΣѧĿڱŻ᲻ۻ͡
ûѧԱεĽʲôǡ
ѧĥһAIĳ򣬲AIĳӦõ˿зϵͳУˡߡٲȻѾΪһ൱ɹĻת͡
ѧGRE鸱鳤ĳ˧ʦڷ΢ߵʵ̫ƫˣ˾ֻһûУⲻƽ
֪¶ѧνְλʦнʮң鸱鳤нʮ
˵鸱鳤ȱǮѧʲôĹ˾ó˧ʦôߵ΢
ȷ̬ЩGREѧԱǷ׷ʳ˧ʦѧʲô˾
˧ʦûп΢ٳûлظ
һһ΢֤Ϊѧܡڳ˧ʦ΢poһƬͼƬװũɽȪȪˮƿɫ࿴е۾
ȺڵƵģ׷װοº
˧磡һƿۺúýУøսƿۣ
ʦҼɽ۵ģҪȷ۵ĻҿԸһ׹ȥ
˧˧ʦ㱣˳ͨGREֻҪGREһۣ

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ǲǷۣСлʦ@лҢࡣ˵Слʦ಻࣬ͬͺȽأԾȸͬã֮ٿСлʦǶûУеĻ͸롣
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þҽѧǸͺСֵػ۷࣡
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оͬоԱ̸оϵ顣
һֱͨ繵ͨһЩڽϳƫЩоĽ΢ǰЩоȴͺࡣ
¾Ҫʮشרĵһջ㱨͵ĳɹ͹ˣǵдͬԼݻûȫɣлҢôоԱѹɡ
⣬лҢԼڹѧҽѧϵڼ䷢ȫϴСͿϵͳУʮشרصģӦܸЩоԱһЩ
ڹѧҽѧϵʱ򣬿˲ٺ˼£һǺͰ֢оصģҽҩѧأѾķãϴϵͳȥˣҪлĻȥǿҪ󡣡
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ûȥ̸һ¡
лҢѻŲúãȥ˾ҽѧҽѧصʱͻȻԼָѾˢҽѧصˡ
лҢеΡ
ͨεĵ绰ͬ˵Σ鷳˵ſһ£ҽȥ
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ܿˣлҢӾҽѧҵ֮ھҽѧڵȨ޶ᱻעƺЩðǰŻ˵˼ھأž˼صŶˡ
Ϊ˱ʾԼĳ⣬ԸӵлҢ
ԸлҢ˵ֲ֮СлѾǾ˲ܸˡһΪĺ㣬һ棬ҽѧΪס㣬Ҳȷʵ˺ܶŬܶϽȥµѧУǵİ칫˵顣
ڹ˽ҶϣܹھҽѧȻѡȨ㡣
лҢһ⣬˾ڽҩƴѧյЩѧӦð
Ҳ뵽⣬οûлҢʹӣֱ˵ֻҪӦھҽѧҩƴѧЩѧİùҰ취
ЩʿŪҲܸǰһЩҽѧصĿŻɹ󣬾ھʱסˡ˵ʱʵֻҪסȥס޷ѽϣסʲôʱסʲôʱ򣿡
лҢգգۣεصĴ𰸣ȴ˵ҺͽҩƴѧǱߵУͨһ£Եȡ
μˣǹͨʲôҶˣоҲܸ㰲£ô㻹ȥҩƴѧ
⵹ǣΪҽҩߵоԺڽҩƴѧǱߣҪھҽѧĻߵѧ϶ᾭȥǱʵģܲڽҩƴѧǱҲͨϵѧ
ĻǱߵҽҩоԺٳɹ豸ģϣ֮оϵʵ鶼ŲȥǱȥԼ豸ʲôʱþʲôʱá
͵һ̧ͷ㻹ҩƴѧͶǮͶٽȥ
Ͷ߿ɣҲôǮ˻ϢûʲôãͶ뵽ѧоȥЩǮ治ƣҪǶרЩǮܱɹѩһԽԽˣҲһͶʡ
뿹ҩص˼·лҢѾˣҩгȱǮ
˵ȻͶʣ㿴ҪҪͶһ¾ҽѧҾþҽѧҲͦȱʵ豸ġüЩʵǻû취ɣͳȥ
лҢ꿽ʣҽѧѾˣԭŶĲֿⶼŲоңԭȷڲֿЩڶŵ˷նǻеطԷ豸𣿡
ŹԺ·ĴгѾʼ辩ˣűвѾһµʱֻҪ߼ɣӾȥϺֻҪһСʱʮӣӾȥֻҪʮӣȻû䣬ĵʱˡ
ҩƴѧǱ߸ṩ˺ܴһ¥ٰһ̨豸ܷŵ£ӦоҲƣͰȶȥǱߺܶˣÿζ˵ǱߵӲáҪھҽѧߵȥʵ飬һкͿԣھûʲô𡣡
Ĵ׸׶ˣôûҽҩߵоԺҵǽҩƴѧߵȥǿ𣿡
лҢʣҪҽѧҲһӹȥν
ҽҩߵоԺȻռǽҩƴѧĵطʵǹ˾ʵоԺҩƴѧܲҽҩߵоԺͷ
òƽҩƴѧҽҩоԺʮ֡硯ûбʾҪܵ˼һֱڷ



90 ھʮվ
лҢͬУͨ绰 ͬҽѧǩ˲Ƹúͬ ʽΪ˾ҽѧһԱ
ȥ˶ƹȥˣлҢȥҽѧ쵽˸ԼŵĿΣɨһۿα üͷϸߡ
ҽѧǹôôŵǴĵĿγ̣
ǻҽѧϵѧ޵ٴѧ
ӽ쵽˽̲ģлҢ˳ֿʦϿõPPTȥӰӵæһʱ䣬ԼϿõPPT˳
ٴѧĿʱѧڣ пԺʼģ ûлҢ̫׼ʱ䣬Ž̲ĺPPTȥ˽ҡ
һȻ
ڽѧе£αдοʦٴҽѧϵڰ ôлҢˣ
лҢѾҵô
һõеõ뷨Щѧð˳
лҢѾ׼վ˽̨ϣóԼĽʦ ˢý豸Ụ PPT򿪣 ɤӣ С˷ Һã лҢ İѧ ҽǹͬ̽ٴѧĿγݡϣҶա
PPT򿪣 ֻпγονʦֵһҳȥԼļҳлҢұ˶ҵھҽѧʿҵڹѧҽѧϵĿǰеĿĿ°ʮƪݶھҽѧĹϹҳˣǿȥĿǰְλǾҽѧֱƸڣѧҽѧϵԼҩƴѧƸڡ
˵⡣
лҢεķԹ̶ģ͵˼뿼ӢһȤҼ߸ɫ
һڿνлҢԼһһڿεһ򵥵ܽᣬֽκȥͷͳ˽ҡ
ѧʵ̫ˣҪһͻ״̬Ųһÿ
һߣը˹
ҿͬʱѧѾʿҵˣҲģ
ǹѧҽѧϵĲʿҸոȥѧУĹһ£ߵ߼˲¼Ƕ˷science͡natureϱscience͡natureͺͳԷˮһ
Ȼӣ˱skrˣ
ЩΧҦѩߣʣѱôţƣûʲô뷨
һޱϲʲô뷨ֲڲͻȻţƵģ˼ҴһʱسеĿˣǻ˼ޡʷʱ˼ҾѾԼѧۡѾĽŬܲϵĲˡʵ֮ҾҲͦãϾҺĴͬסһᣬǺʹ˵Ĵָ
ҦѩȿطԼıʼǱڿϽĶʵ̫ˣ̲еὲ̲ûеҲὲҼǱʼǵٶȸϡҪʲô뷨ֻܿͬһѧķϣĩĿѶõõһЩҺһѵķϣҪҹҿơٴѧ



һڿξг
ڵһмε룬룬أʲô룿
ޱظԼһܼѪŬŬŬȡ׷ѵĲ
һСľ˵ʵ׷Ҿ֮ǲܵˡϵôĽڣһѧҲûһôߵĳɾͰ
ҧ־׷ҲҪ׷ʵͱˡ
һôİô׷
ҽѧѧ꣬ڴĿʼʱ򣬺ܶ˾Ϳʼ׼лǳˡ
רҵҽѧҪòʿѧλĻѶȱȽϸߣ˵ѡǶ죬ЩڶеĹʶԼʺϿУн֮ϾҵλˣЩѧ·ȥѡһĸУ졣
СѧϿиλЩֻǰͰѧͿ԰ѳɼãǶѧϰû̫飬ڸУÿѵ
ҲһЩɼôɫԹõˣڶ걾֮ѡ˶ʿ˶ʿ֮ѡʿһ·ȥ
ܶ˶ھڶУѧһ֪ΪѧУѧΪѧһǸ߾⼼˲ţʵǣܶ˻ڱƱҵϹλֻ츳ѧϰǶǴʲôĹ̫ˡ
ҽѧҽѧϵĵѧǾ⡣
ѧorҵ
ҦѩȵĴѧǰ궼ŬɼҲվ˱еķΧ֮ڣ˸оԼһѧ·˶ȷ˱·
ҦѩŬˣֻǲ֪ΪʲôĳɼһֱǺ룬һܱ벻ܱеıԵϡ
ҪǣʶʺϿ·
֪ǴлҢҵĴܸ̫࣬оԼУڻҽѧоûҵԼȤ㣬;Լҽѧ롣
ȥ;
ԸһֱǲҴŵͣ͵͵˼ѧϰƻѧϰ˼Ҧѩ֪Ҫҽѧ·ȥ;ϾӪȻҲҦѩ֪λѶġ
-------------------------------------
лҢĹ˾ҽѧͰȵĹҲŶ
лҢһһȺĿͰȷѧɹͦʣҲ㹻ھҽѧ´ֻ࣬ǾҽѧֹѧУҵĲʿһ3 3Ҫ꣬ﵽҪǱȷУνֱ̣иڵĴУܴﵽڶҪֱνְơ
ÿְĲʿ԰ټƣˣԲʮֱνְƵģһƾĹ
лҢͬͰ˵ҪȷʵϿЩѣҲԿһУǵˮƽܾǵĸУӦòࡣ
лҢһ䣬л뿪𣿡
лҢһЦˣôʿҵ֮Ҽ
ȺͶҲߣˢˢصͷ
лҢʼĻӦǲ뿪ҽѧġҪǾͬ˵һʿҵ֮ҵĿͿԡǸ3 3϶õģá3 3ֻҪһ3ҾаﵽڵҪ󡣡
ɲǴţʮĸƻĿŸոչ꣬һĳɹ˲٣ڶΪڹڣѹ˺ܶɹûһḶ́Ļڵꡢʱ򣬲Żӭɹľڡ
ңΪǰоڻоֲоĲΣ˵ꡢ꣬ѧоἯеһĴϣλֱӰθ࣬оɹҲõ
ȺͶҪУĻϵľǸгɹ꣬չˡˣƾ˵Ŀɡ3 3ָ궼̫ѡ
ȻлҢҲڿ˰ȺͶоԼۺо֮󣬲
ԸĿС֣ô׾ٵطŵѧУȥǲͱѧУ
Ҫģھҽѧ֮󣬾Ҫֱһ⡪齨ԼоŶӡ
ִİȺͶȻѡ
ҪäѡĻһһôеˮǸô죿



91 ھʮһվ
Ѿõʵ лҢͶоȥ
ڹѧҽѧϵʱ оҪڻ방֢棬Ƿо֮ǰʵѾ滮Լо򡪡ҩ̼ϸĿƻ
Ѿҵˡ²򡯣 ׽סٲףֻҪ취ϸͺˡ
ִҽѧУ԰֢оβֶкܶ࣬гơƵȣгЧ ұ֤Ч ߶һˡ
лҢ֪Уòˡȫ
ͬʯýˮմ֮Ҳ޷ָһͬˣ һʵϰԡԵˣͺȫˡ
θΪڷҩȽӴĵһؿ ǽҩЧǿĵطлҢѡзĵһҩ θҩ
-------------------------------------
ɽ磬 ֢һĳƺ Са ֲټ ܶʿ߻ħ֮ ͻԼһа ޷ʱȥ Ǳҽμʱа㲻ʲô
аڲͬĵطҪõͬķӡ
ԡθаҽҩлҢѡһܹҩĵķӣҩĶɹʮԭȵҩд
ȡҩеЧɷ֣취ҩеЧɷۺһʵҩЧ󻯡
ҩĲɽеҩǰ㴿ҩԺãɽзҩϢվܺõаϿҪ£ꡣ
ֻҪܹ»ʱ䣬Ҳֵá
Ԫһˣһ͵ˡ
֦챻С߲겻ǣлҢĿʵ黹ڽУһֱæ¶ʮߣŶһͷѩ뿪ҽѧء
лҢһ˹꣬ûðȥ׶ĳУһվȫ
߲ˡˮԼʣĵϣлҢŵСһһ䵽˾Ʒƿƣһת䴦һС˳ֱֱײĹﳵϡ
ﳵװŵĵϵڵϣСȴܿˡ
лҢȥ˵ĶȴһЩ
ﳵţлҢû˵˼˶վʱлҢſˡ
һˡ
Ҳû뵽ԼڳлҢ
˶һۣлҢллɤҲ֪οڡ
һһӾƷ˳ﻹƿƣ߱ʣ޸磬㿴валҽ
һлҽлҢӳк
лҢǸĿЩɣӡҲˡ
Ǹʮ˵лҽҰʱұʨͷҭסЩûˣҾȻġҽѧҽԺƣ
ʨͷлҢλˡ
ҸѸлҢʡ
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޵ĿлҢץѵֻϣ΢෢ᡣ
ֻ֣ǣֻǣһΡ
лҢġҽǸɫ΢䣬ﾶ˶Ա˶ôܼ١⻹ûʽμӸֱأǰˣұҵܸʲôȴѧУʦ𣿡
Լ壬Լ˶֮⣬˵ܡ͡ʹȣϽҽлҢѵ
һڴȥҽѧҽԺҵ𣿡
²ܣڲڸҽԺǱˡоĻÿ΢ϵңǶҲҵĵ绰
˵֮лҢŹﳵˡ
ľվԭأɵ㶵ǵգգ۾ʿޣлҽʶҼǵǴסԺʱ㲻ǱȥѵôѵǺȥҽԺ
첲ڿ޵ļϣ޼۾˵޸磬ͦбµܰлҽ΢źֻŶҪƸңҿлҽƯ
޵ɫÿ䲻ϡ
ߵɧȻֹ뷢˵Ҳ䲻ϣǶ䲻ϡôˣվԱ߶ӦԲλġ
סˣô֪䲻ϣ˵ˣҲһҽ
޵㿪ֻղؼ﷭һҳ㿪ø
ǾҽѧлҢĸ˼
ɵۣҽѧı˶ѧĲʿҽѧֱƸڣڣҩƴѧƸڣ֮ǰرǸƢңзҩר
ȷʵǶ䲻ϵġ
̫ˣ
ֱʢ㣡
زˣرӢѵԱѧĹɷݣҲѧϯʦΨһһλȫƽ鳤ǽŴѧӢоĵĺоԱó豸˾ĻڵѾʮڡ
ͣһСһꡣĻСꣿ
ˣ𣿡
䲻ϵġ
ô΢硣
Τ褣Ϲˣ䲻ϡ
Τ褾ǸЩʨͷҭ֡
˵ԻΤһ㶡
Τ褷Ӧ֮󣬿Ѿ߳ˣӺ湴ס޵Ĳӣʣа޸磬˼ҵõˣи⣬˵䲻лҽôͰ಻ס˼ҵ΢أ
ͬѧľش
Τ褻ٰԣֱӼɱУҪʣʱȥҲ䷹
Τ˲ˡ
-------------------------------------
ºԭȴھǣлҢҹģϧ˻겻سǹͰѳ¼ҵߴð˴̶߻飬ºŲ鲻Ըػسǡ
Ϣ֦ͬлҢ˵ġ
֦лҢһ䣬֡ǲǼ㣿
лҢ֦еļѣɵһΣ÷Ůʿಡˣ˥Ȼ˾ҽѧҽԺǸʱڸҽԺļʵϰôҽĶ÷Ůʿ
÷Ůʿ
ֶ֦죬Ӧһǰŵ֡
÷ಡ£֦֪ġʣûк˵ʲô
˵ˡ
֦ĸž
лҢ˵Һ֡˵Ҫ÷ŮʿĲʵǣң÷ŮʿڿѾɽǻϻˣҰ˻лȴ˵ΪҼǳװĸףȻæذǲĸתԺȥ׶ҽԺ˺ûҽ¡
лҢô˵֦ο´μͱܡ
лﳤǻɣǰң˵˵ΰ֢ͦõģǺ꾫ٰҪƣûа취ϲʶⷽרҡҲ˵ڻͦá
лҢ˸ۣܸв



92 ھʮվ
һ˹ʲô飿
˶ùµȣлҢȴڣ ˯˯㣬 뼸ͼ ʳģԼʲôͺˣ ˾㹻ԼˣÿٶԻŻԡ
ʱ ѵ˿գ ὫԺʰʰʱ鷿￴顢סдġ
ĳʵ ʲôİ
֦ÿ춼绰ͬлҢϼӣ лҢûаˣ Էġ
³лҢһȥ˹أ ʱ佫ԼƳʵһС룬 µʵȥҩƴѧ ڿȺͬȡغ˵һԳȥĸϻһٽɫĹ
ȵ˻ûüУأ ͻȻյлҢϢ˿˿Ըļƻߵʮ֮ٷУ ͻȻܵǴ Ͻʰؾǡ
ҩƴѧЩʿʿÿ꿪ѧҪؽҩƴѧһλ㱨 㱨磬Ҳõȿѧһܺıٿ԰ĴڼһðȺͶĽѡ
糿һȺϢлҢҩƴѧʵˣ
Щ˶شص˽ҩƴѧᶼûɨƲ֮ҽҩߵоԺܡ
лҢͦȣǲǶڼôʲô
Щʿ벩ʿп˵룬㶼ܵҩƴѧˣǻڼ
ĻȻ˵غ룬ЦĿ飬ڼвס
뷭˸ۣÿϺ߶ĵʱ򣬿ûĿ顣
лҢԼƳʵ鷽˼ݣָغˣȻˣǾͱţȥЩʵ鶼˰ɡ֮Ϳѧˣ߿һǵĻ㱨
غоѹɽ
лҢҩƴѧϢֶߣںУ쿵ԺʿУˣҩѧԺĶŸԺԼҩﻯѧԺԺ
쿵Ժʿһ֣صڽ൱˽˹ݡ
ϣ쿵ԺʿлҢСл㿴ǽҩƴѧһҩѧϵвУҪҩѧ˲ţ
УҲлҢ˹
Ȼ˵ҩѧϵǹھҽѧģȦ˶֪ҽѧûпҩѧרҵӦ˶ʿ㡢ʿԼʿվûá
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лҢԹ˧ҩѧϵĻпܻ춨ҩƴѧҵڵͳλ
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ȿһѧڵĿΣѧѧſεĹչֳıȶԳȻٴĥγ̼ܹϵĻһЩҲ̫Ӱѧ
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ÿ׶࣬ҲãҪݣֱӷ˾ǣЩοвûᵽĶͻᶯԼܽᡣ
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ܶѧģͶҪ򻯻Żõҩѧо
ҩƴѧлҢõĵǺõԡʾҲǺʾ칫ͬڵ͵ݻںͣΨǼ̡лҢػǼԱſ򵽵ģžͲ˵ˣ̶ָ̡ӲлҢڽ֮󣬵Ըȥµļ̡
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лҢʱæûڵأҪǽҩƴѧУ԰ڵѧˣ ûʶѧôˡ
ҽѧûиڴѧſΣ лҢҲûŻ׶ һΪ˵ʵ꣬뿴غ˵ѧڻ㱨
Ϊ˶ʿʿĵʦѧѾʱ䣬 ˶ʿϾҪҵʿǵѧҲѾ룬 ԸЩѧͦ ܵÿҩƴѧߵĽôΪġ
֮⣬лҢҲڽҩƴѧͽҩѧ㶨 صҽѧ֮ ͵øʵȥһ׶εоˡ
лҢԼС̴ž죬 ȴһ£ͬҽѧ١
ʽ뾩ҽѧĵһѧڣ һҪ뾩ҽѧĽְ顭лҢ͸ˡ
ҽѧĽְڶ࣬ ڻǰûҵлҢ ΪлҢǶ㵽ĸ۵Ľȥˣڿְ֮󣬲cueһлҢ
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ĽͣεɫźÿһЩ
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ҩƴѧʵ̫лҢϲˡ
һʮʱļҩѧûлҢת۾ָлҢʿ쿵ԺʿͬлҢ˵оĻм˶ʿɡ
һоǮõģһ㲩ʿѧУʦ򣬴һ˶ʿѧУʦһ壬ڸʿѧȥ궼㣬ѧϾҪˣ㿴ҪҪٶмѧУ˲ţԼҲܶһ롣
лҢ㣬˶ʿһʿڽҩƴѧһʿĸ˶ʿǾʮĽ롭ҩƴѧڸǮ
ɣѧԸоĻǾмֻҪС
쿵ԺʿָһϽɽķлҢϽɽԶ𣿡
лҢɶͷԣͦԶģһСʱءôͻȻ˵¶ˣ
еѧܴ칫ŵϽɽȥ˵ûѧԸо˭֪о͵ͬǴһˮƽڿԤԼλˣ˵ȽٵĲʿ˶ʿܼͷ
лҢû뵽ԼѾôĺϸ룬ͬ쿵Ժʿ˵ǴҵҵҩѧԺԺȥ㱨ҵо˶ʿǲʿѸ˼һݣʱڼ֯һԣȷѡɡ
쿵ԺʿƬ̣һǽдһҪ󣬷ŵȥһЩżֱӰһЩ˿ȻڴѡнԣȻĻ̫ɸѡ
쿵ԺʿĽ飬лҢͰѻҪдҩϵĽʦʦҵȥ
ʦҳ󣬻ͬѧĸԱ˵һЩԱҳת˸꼶Ⱥ
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ҩƴѧΪҩ廪ҵɫоУȻûܼ985֮Ҳ211̳ټϵشˮأյıǸصġﾱЩѧǰϢȦǵĸͬѧϱ鲼ȫЩ˸бҵͳȥˡ
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вٹ֪Ϲ@лҢʣ
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@ʱлҢֻ΢־͸˻ظ
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ԴԼѧУɼ޷ʾǵΣܱʾǵ̬ȡ



94 ھʮվ
лҢһ䡮ɼ޷ʾǵΣ ܱʾǵ̬Ρ ֱӽѧĶɸӡ
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лڣ ڽҩƴѧҩվϷһͨȫ飬Ѷ⣬ ܸһᣬҴҪһ𣿡
лҢЦ Ȼԡ
Сʣġ̬ȡֹ۵㽫ܶ࿼е֮·ˣ Դ뱾ƳɼϣĹ۵ʮֵġ ܽһ𣿡
лҢͷкܶ߼Ͻĵط ˵ ʲôҵĹ۵㽫е֮·ˣ
ȣ ҵҪֻҸ˵оŶӣܴ˶ʿʦʿʦĹ۵㡣ŶڶѧԼӢдҪ ǺܸߵġӢˮƽ ޷ӦǿȵĶд񡣡
GPAҪ뿴һѧѧԽڲִԼҵԼѧٴ Ҳûѧķ룬 ǵҪѧϰһѧѧϰǽʱŵŹȹȥΪЩѧе಻壬ҪҪˡ
ŹǺܺõĶᣬȥְȥҵҶʮ֧֣ΪҸеʱһֱڼְ˼ѧʱҲûͣ׬ǮĽŲЩǽѧҵûе¡еĴѧһ䣬ǽѧУѧѧʱҹģûѧȹҹ֤Ҫʲô
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Ϊ߿ѾϵͳؼЩѧˮ׼ǵˮ׼ģ˵Щѧ츳ãѧӻˣһͨоط˳о
ѧ𣿿൱ҲɵҵоŶȥΪ޷֤ҵоŶ֮ǻŬǻصһ״̬
ҿЩѧڶĲӮˡҿջһܲѧˣҿܻ꣬˵ƢãһЩŬѧûкɫģűĴˣѧҲ϶кɫн࿴ᣬΪʲôǰͰpassȥʦŶأ
Уô࣬˶ʿʦôࡢʿʦô࣬ΪʲôҪҵоŶ࿴᣿ҽų⣬ʵҲǶǸϣܹȥһʺԼоȥ
⣬صȥҵһ仰ûôķܶô˵֮·ǽԼоŶЩ˳·ˡҼΪҸǹϵţԼԼ·
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ҵҪƺܸߣһϵʱ䣬յ˽һʮݼյֻҽѧҲĻʮѾܶųżǰ£̭ɳʮһڻõż𣿡
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лҢصʦĽ棬һʱ䣬Ҫһºܶ˵ġҵĿŶŷȫȫʵ豸ֻҪ̤ʵŬΪʵ鵣ġ
оҲ൱ģҲҪҸооΪʡǮҪֻһоͺáɹбȽϳҲܽܣΪеоԴġ
ҴŶʮоؼסÿоʲôҪЩģҪ˽Щҵ¶̬ÿоֻҪԼǰΪʲôΪ𣿡
ṩĿѾѧȦڵĶˣҪ󶥼˲šȰЩҵ̡̼̼ѧһ䣬ǵŬô𣿡
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ֱӱЩֱ̫ˣĹ϶ҪһµģлҢ˵Ķ˭Ҽ
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лҢվŵĿǷȦŷɥܺӢ
Ǽߺ쵼룬ǵлҢƢе𱬣һըýƵԭԭζطųȥ
λû뵽ǣձȻлҢ໰ÿһ仰˲确ѧıѧȣȻһƪ൱£ָĿǰУڵ⡣
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лҢպˢһѣȥ֮˳־͸ѵ΢˸ޡ
ǶŴˡ
ѵлҢ뷨
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лҢæʮ죬дһҩѧĴ½Ҳڽҩƴѧеλʿѧڳ㱨ʱ
غ̨㱨ǰлҢغһʿ˵ͣóԼõ״̬רҡǶһЩоϵָ뵽һѧڵоȥ
Ȼλʿ㱨꣬רǵĻġ
ڣǵĻ㱨㣬ĶҲǰأлʦúȡܹлʦھеλʿһһܸʮʮƪ
ڣ൱ʵĻ㱨óǶԼоڵĶյʮнѧǰض̬ͣʦͽǸлڣһѧ·ߵúԶԶ
ڣǰλרҶҵһСС
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רұͬ쿵Ժʿ˵ͬ־Ǹġ´ܲܲţлڵѧ⼸϶ѧֿ㿴лλʿ£һˮƽһ˰ƪһ˾ƪǼϼһѧ޵ݰ
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ʲô˼ģͰȸҵģܶʱҲȲ⣬΢ھһ¾ͺˡͰ·ңʱһۡ
쿵Ժʿ˵лҢͬлҢ˵Ȼ㱨֮еʱѧġڡںڵĲʿô㱨ɣλϽ֮ǰ˵أϣµ⼸ʿЩʿָָܴܲͨζ
ھлҢıȽϽ˵ԣлڣʱǧݺǣֻúˣǲʶԼĲ㣬г
лҢڴӦģҪǷʲô⣬϶ġϣЩʿǵʲҪ̫ˣڳλʿҵĻд֮󶼿ҿҸһԤ󡯻ڣ޸֮Ͷͨʿ϶ģұҲҶ෢һЩڿ˵TUGЩҪЩˮûʲô塣
лҢҩƴѧһЩʶĽ²ʿĸ
һƪ˵ú޲÷ŴףĲʿûʼ㱨̬Ѿˡ



95 ھʮվ
лҢȻŵ˵Щʿ ȻϹ˵ġ
ӹо״ʼ лҢͿʼˡ
 о״˽Ĳ³ûôǰɣ Ѿо״ˣ ࿴medicine ˲оص¡һЩȽϾɵĻо пظ߱Ѿ߹·һЩԼ쿪·
 ֲʿо˼·Ѿˣ 㿴ѧŶӷڡnatureϵ£оͽЩ պܰ˼·񶨵·вͨģ ؿǡ
ѽڻ㱨Ĵ⣬ дĹо״йϵ壬 дĴйϵһһģ ӹо״зʲô⣬ҪͨʲôЩ⣬ һ߼ջ  дʲôдʲôǹڵĲʿ԰ɣ Ŀ٣߼˼άûɣȥ֮ȿƪ˵
㵽Ĺϵһ飬˵СлƪǲЩ̫ˣ
һ㶼࣬غǸȥǱߵʱһ쿴ƪ׶£ܶ෭Ҳ׼ȷ߼˼άǷȱʲôҪȿһµףĶ׵˳غһ쿴߰ƪײɡ
غcue֮Щ˼Ū˼лҢţֻʵʵ˵ûģҪϤоһʮһƪԡ
лҢͷͰȿ׵ٶҲ
ͬ˵¿ͷѣֻҪͷܶ׶ˡտʼ׵ʱ߼˼άӢĴʻѾҲǷȱһЩʵ鷽ʵֶΣİġ
׶֮󣬶߳õһ׶ϤˣٿģоǺͿһоԱûʲô˼룬֤ȥоԱ߼
׶Σٿ׾ɶˣԹԼооԺоԱҲһ˽⣬֮ٸٹо״ȷµĶҩƴѧĲʿӦöץһЩ
쿵Ժʿ˼㱨̨λʿдΣӲͷƤ½лҢ֮û̫⡣
ʿ㱨֮쿵ԺʿͬлҢ˵СлڰôЩ㱨ͻȻоĽǶȺЩϹͷоĽǶȲһЩϹͷǴһһĿ߹ģģҲǾ۽ʵ⣬ֻҪܽʵСоעصǽѧ⣬߼۸ֵҪ󡭡Ƿȱġ㿴ܲܳʱ䣬һо׶εĿΣͽоŻúøоǽЩĵá
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һʮʱһĹ˰ɡҽѧ֪ڽҩƴѧεˣҪǾҽѧ֪ˣھҽѧҲ²Ҫҡ
쿵ԺʿлҢһѣЩ˼ѽо׶ΣпʱôĿΣϸʮʱСξûˡγú룬òŽ̫רҵĶôУô߼ôдľͳɡ
лҢͷǡһλʿѾ̨׼㱨ˣͰͷŤ˹ȥ
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Ͱ֮ǰ˼ֻʱίнҩƴѧߵĽ񲿽ѧϢѧύ뵽̨ȨȥΪЩѧſʱȨޡ
лҢһעԼѪɹˣŹϴ֮ѣ˵ſεĶ۲̫ͣȥҩƴѧԼҽѧѧܹܵѧѧ൱ļ۸֮⣬ЩζҪѡ
лҢӦѧ˹ܳЩγ̽жؼܣȷȨ⡣
ЩγлȡԼҲգǻͶ뵽ȥ˵ѧЩͥԭ޷ѧҵѧԱ죻һЩҩ𣬰ﲡ˼Ḻȵȡ
лҢڵѧȱٽԴӢĿУǻͼڵĲԴԼϵԴѧģЩѧ˼TԴġùġѧġж٣
֪ʶֻǶѧѧϰһʽϧõֵĿγԴ
׾پܵõĶᱻӡ
㱨̨ϵĲʿϲؽлҢѾֽдεĿˣԼϱУȥӢ
ĿͶΪӢѧдϵͳؽĵÿһӦдʲôӦôддһ֮ǰӦЩ׼ÿһֵдҪõЩԵ㣬ӢдĲдøصȻ
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֮ؿлҢ
лҢպðѿγ̽ṹöϱñϱӣ˵ʵǵƣǰ漸ʿ㱨дڵ⣬϶ڣҾͲظ˵ˡ
ֻһ㣬СѧһḶ́û㹻Ķоǿ¥󣬾Ǿˮ£˵㣬Ӳ졣
ԣǵö࿴סﲻغһƽ߰ƪˮƽһҲñ֤ƪĶһ¿һƪһʱаڿףǿǿѧȦٶȡ
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һλ㱨лҢغ˵ıҵͷˡ
ڿۺϣغȶͰȻҪ΢һЩغ̤ʵԸҲӳȣǶͰȱһ꣬¶ͰȶȲغ
غ꣬ѿлѾˣϾ͵˵ĳɹڣغ϶ٳɹ뵣ġ
ǰڻмɹȵһʱ򣬽֮ǰоɹŵһȥϵͳϣоһƪĲʿģʲô¡
ڽҩƴѧߵĽڻ᲻غʿҵʱˣлҢġ
ȣλѧɹƣ⣬൱ĵ߼ܶ෢ģжǴ߼©ģԸѧôܻ߼©
߼©ҲһЩ˰޸ĵû߼©Ϊֹ
ҲΪʲôĿŶܹôƪĵԭ
оԱԼоһ۵ȫգоݶȫµģҲκε߼©ʵݸĲ棬ģһڿܾ
غ㱨꣬лҢ͵˻ؾҽѧʱ
㽫ҩѧĽһ£ƳһܹϵͳܼҩѧҪ飬صĹѾˣʮңܽöʱѰһ磬龡档
лҢеǾ硣



96 ھʮվ
лҢҪҩƴѧҩѧԺѧϡҩѧſΣ ѧڵпԵĩ֮䣬 µ׼ʱ䡣
¿ƺܳһӳﱸ˵ȴʮֽյġ
һЩűȽϽȱĳ磬 һʱ䶼һܹⱾ档
Ϊڰǿ֮е̳ ڽ̲ĳⷽ棬Ǵڡءġ˵ţ ʵ˲٣ ֻҪҪ ܿ
ֽڼʦҪѧר еĺܶ඼Ϊ˴ﵽĿָѧר ǵȵĿҪʱ ҵоһģټһЩѾĽȥһѧרˡ
֮ǰûСءʱ򣬾ϽǴߵýŴףѧˣﾭʮš嵽֮󣬵һȥӡˢߣ һĹ༭Ű桢Уġ
ҳֶܾھʮķģ 彻ȥ֮ ˣ ˹Ҳ൱㣬 Ƿܣžڱ
лҢдˣȫǺϺ׼ģͼ൱һĿĸȥջ˳༭һں
彻ȥĵ죬ԤӡѾڵлҢİ칫ϡ
ȫʮ֣鼮СʮƲõǱƽƣ򵥵رעлҢ֡Ҳҽѧͽҩƴѧ˼صĿĿ
лҢֽԤӡĽ̲Ĵͷβһ飬һЩŰϵС覴ͬı༭ͨⱾʽӡˡ
лҢϢ֪лҢ˾ҽѧ
һˮлҢ칫ңʣҩƴѧǱߵˣ
ţȥʱ򣬲һθϸĸϳɷҩҽҩߵоԺǱʵ飬ЧͦõġΣܲܰæһص̣Ҵ㽫ҩٴ顣
ٴɹĻθܾͻھ֢бˡ֮θҲҪٽθгֻҪҩܿܿס鲻񻯣ҩ£ϸͻ᳹
ݴ**ʵҩܸݰϸת·׷ٰϸڰ֢תƵĻҲһЧӦõ֢ϣЧǺԡ
ﳣһ±װ轾ջ裬лҢ⻰Щѱ±ҳȥ
θЧҩļٵģʶɣô뵽ˣ
лҢеıʣƤΣʲôʱƭˣʮĿһרθоġʵص£ѾдͶcellˣʾǴ״̬ҩרҲѾˡ
θоԼĸѪѹܻ᷸ű±˼ˮоԼƽһЩҰοȥҩƴѧǱ߾Ϊʵȥˣ
Ȼǡ
εһ
лҢûԼʲôҪصĵطʵʵ˵ڽҩƴѧǱ߲ʿĸ˶ʿѧڳһ㱨ȥͽҩƴѧǱߵļҲ˼档
쿵ԺʿȥҩƴѧſΣһǡҩѧһǡӢѧдҴӦˡ㿴ⲻǲŰѡҩѧĽ̲ĸ𣿡
лҢǱԤӡġҩѧøοȻ˵ΣŸҩƴѧѧϵĿΣҴڿεģʽͺ֮ǰ˼ҽѧߵѧҲҪ鷳ýʦǱͳһϢʱҸȨޡ
ҿҽѧûпҩѧγ̵Ĵ㣬ſοɲҽ黹һʮʱĴΣѧѧٵҽѧҩѧҰźӴѧƴȥѧҪܸ϶вٵĳ
ӢѧдǽһЩдҪע⣬ô⣬ô⣬ҪоôѧżôѧôԼ߼˼άԼӢгõһЩӢȵȣʱܶ࣬ʮʱ͸㶨ˡ
ҽþҽѧ˶ʿ벩ʿҪȫţһҵľ飬Լĥþǡ
õһҩѧȷ˷洦лҢѾҽѧ˵һλλϣҩƴѧǵڶλˡ
ȥߣֻлҢһ
̸ʧ䣬Ҳ΢һЩڶҳȥǰԵʱμлҢлָˡ
ÿԼǸҽѧģôѪܹܻ㲻ҪǻһѪһϵ쮹ɽһ仯Ѿվˣ˵׼ѾɽICUˡ
ιеʣרصλҵĶȥ
ҽҩߵоԺһҽѧͽҩƴѧеڶоҽѧĲλ΢ǰһЩ
룬Ҳܽܣû˵ʲô
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лҢڹǰ˲࣬ԸоŶӵĳԱÿ˷һͰѧĳԱҲֵһͰ
˸꣬Ч൱ˡ
ѧĳԱ궼һ͸ϴĴͷǼ˽һµ࣬ߵϳһִֵֺͷе֡
һԱ˸ı䣬ǻôĺ䶯ɼʮԱѾͷɵĺ䶯Ч൱ˡ
GRE˧˧ʦܵſ͵һƬַһ֮ǰĳԱǿʱ뷴ĳô˺󣬷΢ϡ
ǸţͬһҪ˵೬ЧҶЩǹʱֲˡ@ѧºܣʲôʱǽвҲడвʦҲѷѳ⨺ˣ
@ĳºȺһŮʿס
ŮʿԳºͦģΪû˧Ѿͬ˵˵׵Ḭ̇һˣº
㲩ʿ˼ˣ
˼ƪSCIӰô
ܽһǶ

Ůʿˣګګ˵ڶ˵꣬ϾҪҵˣƪSCIӰӣˣóѧҷofferһôˣ
º˼״ɹ̫аñ˶Ǿҽѧģһ꣬ȥѧҽѧϵõ˲ʿѧλڷкüʮƪ˰ɣnature͡science϶£ھҽѧֱƸڣǹѧԼҩƴѧƸڡ
˵֮󣬳ºʹ΢ЦŮʿ
Ůʿое죬һʱ벻Ķʳºýʲô֣
лҢ
Ůʿ˵ʲô
оԼܵƭ˵õˮƽࡣ
ŮʿЩԭ죬֭Ҫóºһ뵽ºװӦúܹһûⶼⲻֻĹĵذѹ֭꣬в
˲֮Ůʿ΢ź²ۣ裬ǰ̸ҽܵĶʲô׶жɣ



97 ھʮվ
Ůʿͬ豧Թһͨ һ¹۵㡪׶ж
ͷͬṈ̀Թһͨ ǰ̾ԼĿڱҪºˣæºһ۹ꡯıǩȻѵ绰˳ֻϡ
ܰ Сеѽܳȥ ոսһòõŮʿǱСܸˡŮʿͬ˵Сж ʣ Сʲôˣ
ӦӼۣ ǿǿ˵ǻỊ̇ תͷͰѵ绰˳ºֻϡ
º ˵жͬ˵˵ ʲô
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绰ͷĳɵˣͺ˵ö˶˵Ⱦֲ֮ô죿Ҹ㣬ڸϽȥҽԺϵһҢҽܸܸܲרңֲϽΣ
º˵ûж ǲף Ҳ׻ҪҰţ Ҳһ˴ߣҺ˵ʵɣ Ҹûн˼ ǲߡ
㲻Ǹ˶̥ô߻ôץ𣬱ٴˡ⼸ΰף֮ȥΪǰӣ֣ʿɶֹͺˣûʱָ˳ԷҪٴң˼Ҿ͹˼ɲˡ
Щº⻰ļ֪ºԸҲұƵֻ̫ܾʹգ֮취
ºҶϵ绰ڶƽ̨һȦûҵķˣ룬ƤȥлҢһȥ
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лҢɨһ΢ţ㿪¼ȥʳԼζƷͼ˳º
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ֻлҢһθЧҩȥ˾ҽѧҽԺ
лҢҵǻΡ
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ǼƢָָлҢлҢƵ˳½ǰлҢʣ˼Ҳʶ𣿼ҩѧı棬ҽѧֱƸлҢǿٰͷȱƳģ˵ĽƢңǳ֣ƳθЧҩʹܲãԲ֪ˣ
½лҢһֹһ䣬еĹְٴʵ֤𣿿õĻҾҽȥˡ
лҢó׼õٴʵ֤½֤һЩȷлҢҩѾбˣŴҽϵͳеһߵĲӡãøлҢ
ҪٴʵĻҽλߡ
λѾȷθڣҳתƵҪǶĻٵг֮θ˰֢ҲûˡǰڵʦͥͦõģǶѾؼҾˣ̫̫رϧԸҪסԺ
ҪǴٴʵĻҽ̫̫
ⲡ˵ʣܲһθڵĻߣѶȵһЩ
θڵĻ߽гʾͺܸߣĿǰļܱ֤ʮ겻˼ԸⳢҩٴ飿ҪңҲֻҽԺѾȷ˵ûΣ־ǿġ½
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лҢ룬ԼҪλθڻߵͻҲüʱ
УǾ鷳ˣһҰɣÿʮ嵽ʮžͿԣһڳһʱоĶ
α˸okƣУֻҪֻ죬ԡ
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½ͬǲ˵˾֮󣬲˼ЩԥȴֱӴӦ
ǲ˵ûɻˣҽԺҲûʲôð취ȻЧҩΪʲôԣκңβõĻ͵ˡ
½εͰҩ˰ȥ
ǰڳ΢Ż·ӦǻCTɨĵܶֲδԱ仯˵ʱ򣬵ֱܶСһףǸ͵ֳһİݡ
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½λЩɣҩļЧ𣿡
лҢ˵ǡٹ۲۲졯ȴ˾ųɰա
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½лҢļ򣬵عѹععҪļµڶغ͵ضȥƾһصĳɼѾܰҩ֮Ϊǡҩˡ
ʵ֤лҢеࡣ
Чҩ䷽Դҽŵҩ֪ٴεļ飬ôʧ֣
º֮ǰڻθĵܶͳֳ˴ή˵ľһЩҲûٵ
һº󣬻ߵıѪֹͣлҢ黼߿ԷһЩʳСȣҸ˻ߵűһָ궼ڽ˿£
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лҢԤеûжƫǷҩʮʱ򣬷תƵЩϸҲѾʧ˵ʳָҩ̽׶Ρ
һŸCTƬӰڳ½ǰ½ϵϲɫѾڲסˡ
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½һüô𾩴ҽѧҽԺĹģµʮŸθˣ͸㰲ϡ



98 ھʮվ
Ƶĳ½һ㶼Ҳ˵顣
ݵ̫̫ǿĺ ƵĲ˻϶˵и̫̫ͥͦõģθ һθڣѾתƵ֣ ݵĶˣ ҽԺѾȷ˵ˣƣ ̫̫־ǿ ͬԼǮסҽԺ
˭뵽̫̫ͻȻͺתˣ
θ˻϶ǻģ̫̫֮ǰҲƼݣ ˶ݳƤˣҽԺЩѾʼ²̫̫໹ܻ죬˭뵽 ̫̫ͻȻתˣ
˵θСˣ˵̫̫ԭȵĲܳԷܳԷˣ ԭƵɫҲú
֢˻϶ӡսݡħ䣬˭뵽̫̫Ȼˣ
̫̫ԭȶòµˣͺһ ѾܳŸ¥ˣ ˵ˣ һܳһţ档
˾˵ˣ̫̫ǻعⷵգŲ˼ġ
ʮȥ̫̫״̬һһã¥ͬྣԼڵĹ¼ˡ
Щ˼׷̫̫ôõģ֮ǰ˵˼˼Ǿ䡮ûˡ˵
̫̫һôϷͿһЦ֮ǰ˵ûˣôͻȻͺˣɡ
ⰡΪǹҵоԱоһθЧҩʱҪٴ飬ҩЧôŷԼûɻˣɻҽһҽأҪҽãҲҽԺ͵Լٸһιˡ
뵽ǹҵĿԱúܣͳҩͼЧЧǶˣƭǡǰȥʱҽ˵ҲθûˣЩתƵСҲûˡҽ˵ʵѾܹԺˣֻҾ֮ǰӣҽԺ㰱ᡣ
Щ˼һڱҵţ̫̫ǳҩԺõģæʣ֪ҩôڻٴ˲
̫̫룬ܾҩ϶ˡҲ֮ǰƵγ½ҵңҪȥ
һȺ˼һ¾ɢˣݵ̫̫ٴһѡ߲ᡣ
½û뵽ôಡ˼ӻԾˣۿԼİ칫ҾҪ½θϽͬЩ˼˵
ҩǾҽѧƵģĿǰٴ׶ΣֻθЧ֢Ļ߼ɢˣ֪ڹʲôϢҿ϶һʱ֪ͨǡ
ҽͻԼ߼˼һģǶŲܹܹػȥĿǰҽѧûƳЧЧҩҲź
أǲܹ⿴̫̫θκˣ;ҩһáݹҹ涨һҩҪͨٴ飬ڶʮ鲻ȫһ£׶Ρ彡״ȴڲĲϼЧС
ٴ׶εҩȫų޴󶾸õĿܡдٴĻ߼߼ǩһЭ飬Ըҩٴ飬ǩЭûʸμЧҩ֤ġ
һ޴󶾸áͽٻ߼ˣĻ߼Ǽ֣ɽʮ½ЩߵĲлҢ
лҢɸѡʮλܹǸΡֲ׶εĲ˺Э͵Щ˵С
лҢٴ˾ҽѧҽԺڼƼⲡ˵Ŀ
ʴڲ죬׶δڲ죬ήٶҲԲ졣
ЩθڵĻߣҩ鵤ҩʮҵʱ䣬θİϸͻøɸɾ
ЩθڵĻ˵ҩļЧٶȻЩÿ춼ڴ漣
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½ͬ߼˵ġ޴󶾸áûг֣ʮλμҩĻ϶֮ǰ붼漣
лҢʮ˵念ϳһݱ棬Чҩٴʵ֮ͽύҽҩ
һߣ½ο챻Щθߵļ鷳ˡ
ΣҩٴѾˣʲôʱҩ
ΣǲˣʱٴʱΪʲôǼҰǵʱҲǩЭ鰡ǲӦøһЩ
Σҩ첻ˣеĻȸϰɣ
ôಡ˼ӿ뵽Ǽ䲻ʮƽ׵İ칫Уξ͸оԼǽ˹ʿֳһвͿܱЩ˸˹ͷ
β˵Щ˼ʣܲ˵
룬αһعƵʱ䣬֮ǰȱרҩˮһһʱ䡣֪ҩרĿǰûȥȵҩƷһʱ䡣
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ڰ֢˵ܻܲһ֮ⶼһδ֪
ⶼʲôѾҩˣҪȵһ򵽣жٰ֢ܳŵһģǶӺ£
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ȱרȨĸڣְ֢ЧҩרȨֻܱȱߣܱȱͣҪǮеھȥְ֢ЧҩרԸҩȥֻҪͣһרڶ豸ˮߵȫ̻ȫθ˶лл㣬в
½βѾܹƽĿ
ܹκòˣȻϲβãҲֻ˵һ䱧ǸΪ֪Լˡ
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½εĻЩµĻ߼ݺһͨЩ߼缦سˡ
Ȼ߼ˣ½͸δ˵绰ȥͬ˵ϻлл㰡
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л㵱ʱȰҰлҢҩĹãٴЧõšЩθߵļѾըˣոֱӶµҰ칫ҺȥˡͬлҢĹϵãûа취ҩһ죬Ȳ֪θߵ
ͬлϽڵĹϵãͬ½ͨ˵绰֮Ͱѵ绰лϽڣͬлϽڷһϢ
лϽںͻԼ½ĲһлϽ֮ǰǾҽѧ쵼һϢ͸δ˵绰ȥ
ССлоǸθЧҩٴͨˣϽŹҺýҩƴѧЩ˷ͷ



99 ھʮվ
Ѿ챻ҩƴѧֲءͷɧӰˣ лϽڵĵ绰֮󣬵ϾͰȥ
ȥȰŷȥ òŶô һ㷢ȥ ҽѧĹҳһϢҲùңҳȥ֮ϸдһű ʱ򷢶塣
ˣ Ȱҽѧе϶ŹĻдףУлҢڳɹƳθЧҩ죡һҪ죡ֶؿ죡
ˣϵý壬 ع£ý巢ŵʱ صǿлҢھҽѧνְей
νܹĵذȥȵ绰ҵ ʶԼЩڸɡ
Ӧþûҩƴѧʲô˰ɡĵ
Ȼʵǣλǵ͹˽ҩƴѧ׫
ҩƴѧܿͽҲ˳صǿлҢθЧҩʱжôôŬ ڼͶһܵҩƴѧҽҩߵоԺʵ飬 ˳ſһҽҩߵоԺ豸ôôȽôϱīдлҢڽҩƴѧĿγ̣ ȾлҢΪڽҩƴѧ衶ҩѧôĵıˡҩѧ̲ĵȵȡ
һֱˢ½ҩƴѧĹ ˢ²ʱ Щ⻹Щļˢ³ֻһ仰ҩƴѧҪ
˵ľͺлҢȫְڽҩƴѧνְһ
Ҫӽҩƴѧ֮ʵ֮λ
ҩƴѧһŶģֻĶģ˶ѡ
У̱һϢҽѧֱϵ˻ٷý塶ձš
ˣҲλˣȴ֣лҢ˫ˡ
θлҢ绰ʱлҢڻسǵĸϡ
ʲôԼˡձļߣôԼ֮ǰҲ˵һѾڻسǵĸˣҵܺĸӽȾķףҽԺ￴˺þöûãһȥ
ձҪǰ˲ɷõĻȥ˵ɣ˵ٴЧͦģĿǰ޷ȷҩеʱ䣬Ϊɱԭ򣬼۸񲻻̫ͣ׼
ҪʵоƻĻ˵оƻδĿǰӦǼθоϡôڲҪҵо̫ߵԽߣͿԽʧ
лҢҶϵ绰ֻӲͷƤԡձļߣлҢ˵Ļͬձļ˵һ顣
ձһıǿ͹۹ô˵ģǾôģһɫûӡ
ںܶಡ˵ſԷֳһһ
õĲǣθЧҩѾƳɹЧʮ룬θӾ֢޳
ĲǣθЧҩʱ仹δȷԼлҢ֮ڲ֢о
ڲԼ˼˵尾Ĳ֪ҩɾȣҩɾȣѾҩκˣȴ֪ĶҩǮҲ򲻵
лҢûųθЧҩר飬ȴʼлҢˡ
Щݻθˣ΢Ϸ@ڱȽ֪Щҩ黨ҩҵҩҵȶڱ@
黨ҩҵѾӡȱ顯ϳͷ黨ҩҵĶ³ϣҪϧۡθЧҩȫȨ
ҩҵҲӡƢҡϻ治٣ôۿЩװߣ
ڻʵۺҩڱҩҵҩҵȣЩҩ֮ǰѾʧ˻ᣬôٴһΣ
ҩ׷ĦȭƣֻΪͬһĿȥ
רлҢ廨˭ңȴɾҽѧбġ
ҽѧб˴ʮ־óϲŭɫıջһƬҩ󣬳ɹʱʮļ۸θЧҩĸ˹ڱҩҵ
۸ȻЩʹڱҩҵĶ³ֵá
ڱҩҵĶ³øͣٿļ߻ᣬڱ֤ߵЧʵˮߵã̵ʱʵθЧҩ
ڱҩҵĶ³صش绰лҢлҢθЧҩ֡
ʱлҢڸ֦λͬĸ츸ĵܵܳԶҩ
֦СԶǽȾ˷ףΪڲڣҵҩҸ֦СԶãº͵ҩβֲҽСҩţ֦СԶĲͼˡ
лҢȥسҩгҩģڻص·ϾĻƳһ޶ȥ֦֮ףҨιСԶ
СԶǱιҩιˣԸ죬лҢСƨƨһģСԶɤӾͿޣлҢСԶŴһ˲䣬ҩ˽ȥȻһסСԶ죬СӶˡ
СԶ죬ίίغߺߣлҢоС๾£ɿ֣֦ͬ˵֮ιҩҪСӿޣҲһ˶СһޣķιܺãСҲ
֦֪ôιҩأСԶӽúܣô嶼岻ãʶлҢ⡮顯ιҩʽȻеСӣô˴⡣
лҢ˳ָ֦֧һУ裬СӶú壬Ҳƭҩ˵һιˮڶιˮˮʱ䲻һҩȥСԶѾܳԶˣƽʱ˳Է϶˿϶֣ιԷʱιڣֱӹһҩȥȻιСӵԱȽϴ󣬵ڶҪųԵʱһڶٳԵġ
֦ɫһϲеôԣ
лҢ֦ãҲСԶܵӰ죬ڼĸ֮ٻ׶ȥ
ڱҩҵĶ³绰ʱлҢڻһ䣬θЧҩʲô֣ͽоθһǵĿ˰ɡ
Դˣθˡ൱ĵֱö
֪ǽǮջʹڱҩҵ˳ߵЧʣǹڱҩҵľмǿθУװҩߣڱҩҵһֻµʱ䡣
º󣬡θˡ˸ҽԺҩθȷ֮󣬶ҽƼҩ
ȥرصθ֮⣬һθ˶ҪסԺˣҽԺҩ֮󣬻ؼҰʱҩ֤㹻ϢͿԣÿȥҽԺһμ飬ԼõԵĻ⣬Ǿͼҩƣò⣬סԺǡ
θһڸðļֻθˡļ۸ҪһЩθƽÿҩѶңַһ£һĿ֮ǰԼҺѾ͵ٵˡ
£θܵõЧƣθ϶ʧøɸɾҽ鲡ټһȹ̷ҩЧ
ǶһµҩҲֻǮԭȵİ֢ƷҪٺܶࡣ
θˡ롮ȱ顯ԼƢҡһߵԭϽΪϡȱǰԭȴϡȱصڶҩɷֵȡԼϡ
ڱҩҵ˹г൱سˡȱ顯͡Ƣҡţơθˡǡȱ顯͡Ƣҡ֮Զĵҩ



100 һվ
һѧڲ֪Ѿ룬 ǽҩƴѧҩѧԺĽʦ绰ͬлҢ˵ҩѧѧε׼ˣлҢǣſѾҪʼˡ
֦СԶһ㿵 лҢϽ˾ҽѧ صĿγӴã ֽҩƴѧҩѧԺʦѧ뵽ϵͳȥѿγӶʦýʦȥѧܷϿֱ䡣
лҢȻȥҩƴѧſΣſξͻ
ҩƴѧҩѧԺҪſεѧ˼ң ѧƵĿγֱƽ̨ ѧϿιжҪϵز꣬شϵ⣬лҢҲͨԶ̲ ѧش⡣
һڿ ĸѧĶˣĸѧشĴʺܸߣ ĵĿҵĽ̶ܳձͣĸ֪ʶҪص㽲ѵ㣬лҢһĿȻ
ѧύķЩղ̫õ֪ʶ㲼ҵ Ƽ˲οϺ һڿξˡ
ʵÿβֹǽҩƴѧҩѧԺıϣܶ˶ʿʿվʿԼѾʦҲϣ Щͬ־ϣ Ҳǿˣ һ룬лҢ꽲˺ܶѧ֪ʶЩͬ־ֶˡ
뻯ѧصĲ֣ǻһѧصĲ֣ʵЩΪͬ־
Щͬ־ʿײ벩ʿײ˶лҢڡҩѧᵽĺܶ۵㣬׽һЩͷʹѧ⣬Щʿײ벩ʿײҲôȥĥоߣЩƲʿʿĵĹУѧƲȥĴ󿲣ܶѧ֪ʶǶףֻǲôͨˣлҢ΢һ£ԼȥлҢƼĿĥĥһÿεݻǲġ
һʮʱĴΣȫҩѧݣǽģлҢڿдһЩݷķһЩнеھԼ۲
ÿСʱֱΣſҪʮܵʱ䣬һҲϵϿΡ
ʮܹȥѧھ㵽ͷˡ
лҢҩѧţ鶼Ұţֱ֮ǰ͸㶨ģֱιгʲô⣬Ҳȫ˳ӣϿҪ
ѧǵķ첻˶ʮʱлҢֺܶѧѾˡҩѧ߼ܣһ˼άоشѧջͷȥٿطš
γĸɻ̫ˣһô
ÿһοطţջͬľϲ
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һߣʡе˲ֲʾڳһ֮󣬷ǿ˹ֲ˲Σ޷㿵ҩҵ黨ҩҵڡ˲ա˹ֲ˲кеġ˲աɷŨȽϵͣҰ˲̺ġ˲աŨȸ޷Ტۡ
ʡеר취⡣
רҸ˭
Ⱦͽ˼ִѧһЩоŶӣԡ˲εۣڼ䣬һʿȻ˲աֳɷҪ˲εıƤУû˲εıƤ֯ȻֱӴ֯ȡ˲ճɷ֣ȡ˲ճɷֵĻʲĳɱʱɱɱȶήͲ١
һﾪˡ
ʡе쵼Ͻ֯оԱԡ˲αƤ֯о˲αƤ֮֯ɳһҽѧлҢֱ֤Ƥ֯˲ǷӵС˲-JT͡˲-JF
лҢ뷨棬ʵ֮һȺ˵ɫѿ
ܹ֯ԭ˲εıƤֻǸԭ˱ƤΣ޷ԭƤЩ
˲˲У»֮ɵ䱦
лҢ̾ϢһҲΪֲ˲αƤ֮֯ʵ˲յȡϧʵ֤һжǿ̸
ʡе쵼лҢַӦʣлڣܽһΪʲô黨ҩҵͿҩҵ˵ȡ˲աҪľ˲αƤô˲αƤ֯㶨ˣ˲աȴûأ
ʵܼ򵥣˲˲αƤɵһʣ˲αƤˣҲ˲ա
ͺñ˻һӽϣΪܾѣֱӰܾóӤ𣿡
Ƕ֪ĸڽɳ֮ĸϵطҺγ飬ҲһŵʱάϲܿЧ⡣
ҽʵоʲô£˲αƤܹЧʵغϳ˲աȻˣˮķʽ˲αƤ֯϶Ҫֲ˲εĳɱҪͺܶࡣ
лҢ󼸾仰ʡ쵼ɫźһЩ
ʵû׸ͺá˲̫ˡʡһֱ˲ֲҵҹģС޷ег黨ҩҵͿҩҵԼҺ̨̺ЩƳļ룬ֱӽ˲г˲θͿˡ
лҢüλ쵼еŪ˼Ҳò֤
ҽڻῪչһо˲յġϡʵ飬ܹûѧϳ˲գŻΪʡе˲г٣ģоѾһЩ뷨ˡ
ʡ쵼һӾЦˣɫȻס˺һ˵ооãļá
ֱ˵ĸ
ʡһֱ˲βҵΪ˲εǺܴټϽЩҽҩгήҲ˲βҵһֱڱ
š˲աĶ磬ʡ˲βҵʼڷˣлҢһ䣬˹ϳɡ˲աʡ˲βҵñɡ䡯
˲εоѾˣҪǡ˲աڷãεƤ˲κͺܲû̫˲աܹͨ˹ϳɵķʽǡ˲աͲǼʡ˲βҵڷǴ
-------------------------------------
߼ʡ쵼лҢȺͶ˸Сᡣ
ͬȺͶ˵ĴҶѾˣоԺǱ˵Ѿȥˣ죬רҵ᷵ǿ޸ľǡ⣬ǾòԣǿǧΪӭרҵϹģ
⣬һǵھҽѧʿʱ򣬷ʲô뷨ˣĿϵҲæҿͦеģȰѲʿоöɡ
µʱ䣬ҲǱҵ֮ǰѲʿıдã·ֱӿ
߰·ݵʱǸԸĲʿһ¹׶иĻҲ룬оѧУڲʿһЩлĶЩдȥܹӷֵġ
ȻǼ**ģҿһǵĴģƣٻٳƪһˮƽ£ǶӰѾȡԼƪĲݶھɾȻȹ£ǵĴһع󣬿ܾͰǵ뷨ˡ
һ˵߾ߵıҵСİлҢİţĬĬ˵˻Ʊ
ǴӦúˬ죬һС־ͱȫ̬ȡ
ĬĬ˸ۡ



101 һһվ
Ӧ֮еԥ ͬлҢ˵ л ҩƴѧЩѧġҩѧ Ҳʿ΢л׵Ĺоڲʿ׶оһ¶Ӧҩ ܲһЧҩ
㿴𣿡
ɫЩ
лҢȻӦоӰѾ ڡҩѧκεѣ 
û뵽Щ ȽϷϵ ľлҢʲôʲôֻҪлҢĴȣŶܵڡ
ȲɵһӾ˶Ұġ
ǿлҢר׬˺ܶǮ Ҳڲʿ׶αһˡ
лҢʰȣأ
룬 ñĻǰԼץסĻ ǵǴ ҧл ҺͶ뷨һ Ȼⷽо ͰЧҩҲоɡ
лҢ˸ָ OKǾô˵ˡҩѧĶܶ࣬ǵдǱ飬ֻ˵˽⡶ҩѧڸʲôоʲôµ˼·һãܹõЩѧģͺѧģͣ޷ĽӴҩѧľ衣
ȥҰ칫ҵһһҩѧĽ̲ģѽ̲ĺ渽ٶ౾鼮׶һ飬ͷβȻȥҩѧĻѧͻѧͶʵˣȥоҩѧǸʱ򣬾ͻоζͨһ
ҪѧҩѧûдþȥҩѧҾÿһͷһĶǴǿĴܸСˡҩѧǱϰٷ֮ʮݣҲΪֻǶһƤëΪǲǰٷ֮ʮǡҩѧ֮ء
仰˵渽¼Ƽôûп꣬Ǿѡҩѧ鶼ͷβҲֻǶһţƵ̸ʡ˿ڼҩѧģǰٷ֮ʮĲࡣ

ȣ
˪һԼоңſԼĹλϣֻ¾õعš
Թʶ㲻𣿡
־͸Լһֵۣá
룬ͷҲǣԭǶǸθɵģлûĻǻȥһԺУǺͨһԺУʦʹԶȦδЩʦʦһұʶƼлĿ飬ھҽѧν̵ʸˡҧҧŬŬ߳ȥǾҽѧĽڣ˵ţƲţƣ
һؿأԸ-İȣһ˵ţޡ
ȱһˮõѹԼԼľˣȻ˵ʵǵӹͦģڿϵʱʿ࣬߻лָ϶л̺·֮ȥߣˣҲܼʱûɹҶû뵽ô̵ʱڲʿҵΪеĴС
ڱĿĲʿĽߣʵ鲻ȱǮлڽҩƴѧǱʵԳأʲôʵ飬ŶӣʱƵʵ鷽Ҳлæѹأ㿴飬ʦѧ϶ǷģʲôоܣôоҲܣõĵʦоѣʦоѵʱ򶼿ٿģҿĲʿˣÿμҶһ޲²۸ҹļơ
ʣȻأ
ȻҾͺ˵ʵǿ鲢˵ôãлָһЩĶȻЩĶ񶼺оĶأѹҲС
оǾѵ飬ΪûǮǮ̫ҲлԼ֪ʵļ۸Ҳ֪ʵҪʱ䣬ֱͬһ䣬һ֮ڣʮĲԷѻ꣬˵Ҳѹ𣿡
ÿγоɹֻܿҳ˶ٶƪģôͿҰ˶ҹأ룬лһһڰƪĸ㶨ðͨѵҰҹ𣿡

ȣôͱ˵ģʡ
ȵͷǰ˵ĲǴʵѹҲ󰡣лȷʵǷǮ࣬ҲʱȥͲȥʵ꣬ܽ͵Ļ궼ȥǰһ軹绰أǮҺ˵л˼ĲҶܹһ߳е׸ˡ
ĵȰȣҽ֮˵˵һ㣬Щʵ̫ˡ̫ˣ֮·϶򡣡
ͷ֨ˣҲʶһ㡣˵ȿ֪ޣֻˬһѡ
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лҢõǡ˲-JTĻϳɷͬδһкȻ㶢Թ񣬴ʵ鷽ȥҩƴѧǱʵȥˡ
ҪлҢ辩ҽѧû뵽лҢȴҪ¶մ
һߣлҢˡǿɳ̲ϵġǰˡʦڳ֮ٴδԼġӢﱸš
ʦδĲƷǡ⿯ϵͳ
ѧˣлҢڵӢ뵽̲УЩӢزչ⡭һѣհغѧвƷһѣ˵
ѧӢﲻӦǹģÿ춼һ㣬ӢͻᷢͻͽĽѧӢĿΪͨԣǵĿγͬãڲ֪֮ѧصӢıʻ볤ѾĶٶȵȵȣһѧһƪü
ѧںһѣȻԴУֱӹҳз֪˶ٴġ⿯ϵͳĵлʦ@лҢѧ֮зĵһƷ⿯žΪһѧϰƻͨݵĲ֮ѧϰƻΪʹṩʺԼˮƽĶϣһȹ̻һÿ֪ʶ﷨㶼ǽŶӾı༭ģ渽ǽŶӵʦţ
ѧЩһֱչӢѵʦΪȱǮԵʣʦɵĽѳ˰ˣо˼оиоGREGMATSATԼڵררˣÿŶӶֻʮˣôоҲǽ˵ĴŶˡ
ϻǽʦϣѧγѹơ
ºµ˵ʦϢ֮һȤζͬγ̲˵ǸƷһɣΪλÿһԪļ۸ÿѧһƪͨṩӦԣһ£ȫ˿
һôõӢĲƷһֻҪһٿǮѧ֮ȫ˿Ͱûʲôˡ
ٿʦŶӸһ̲Ǯѧһƪ£Ϊ̲ͰװƮƮ̲
coco̲ͬļ۸
һʮʮԪ
Ҳ˿
ͳѵѧƾǳɱֻҪзһƷǺһٷݻһǧһݣĳɱûرĲࡣ
ЪԳ־ԻԵҪ㷭ʱֱ֣ҪôǿʼѧӢҪôȥ
ºڡӢ衯г޶ë֮󣬴޶һ顮㡯ëˡ



102 һվ
㡯ѧӢıַΪö֣ıǼѪ㡣
ƽʱſţ żһΣ ͻüѪ ǱǱִ򿨵ѵӪ Ȼþȶһ ȥſˡ
Ŀλϲ꣬ѵӪȥտʼǼԴ֮⣬ ӻϾǿα򿨡˿ġ
ºļ۸Ȼߣ һż ѧϰѧ굱֮ ҪӦС
ЩⲢڵѧ֮ǰѧģʶѧϰġҪ󡯡
ھѵӪֻеĴ򿨣ѧĲƷǽϸѧϰƵѧϰƻ ̺ÿĿһ ҪԴ𰸣ҲҲĿһģһˡ
Щֲ˻˿ĵһؾͱˡ
Ȼˣ ʵϲûѧ ܴǡα򿨡˻ڵڶؾͱ
ɸɸ ˶̤̤ʵʵѧϰģ ЩȻ᳢ѧϰƻĺô ²Щ׬Ǯ ׬ڱͿˡ
º̳࣬ٲȻѾǵǸé®Сܡ
лҢڽҩƴѧоҲ˸տʼļƿڣѾ
Ϊ˹ϳɡ˲-JTлҢٴˡҩѧȣʮʱ䣬ϳɳһɫ塣
лҢǿɫҺл˲ȡġ˲-JT΢ӾԱȣû²ٱƻĴ˶Աʵ飬֡˲--JTϸ޸ͬڣֻǽ֮˲ȡġ˲-JTԸҪ΢һ㡣
лҢһԳɷֽоȷֻԳɷһøˡճãҪǴٽ˲-JTϸĽϡ
Ȼøǡ˲-JTϸϵıƷ
ãûҲС
ʶһ֮лҢˣ̵ʱڽ֡˲-JTĺϳɷ˼ӼרȻ黨ҩҵĸ˴ȥ˵绰
黨ҩҵĸлҢ˵Ѿҵ˹ϳɡ˲-JTķ󣬺󲱾סˡ
лڣֺϳɷϳɵġ˲-JTЧôɱ٣
ЧԭҩЧİٷ֮ʮңɱԭȵһʮ֮һлҢش
黨ҩҵ˵Ȼθߣٷ֮һ
һʮ֮һһһէظʲôҩƷĳɱ۱ͺܸߣ롮˲-JTṹƵֻҩƷۼۺܶģۼٷ֮һıȱȽǣҩļ۸²̶ֳȣҪΪ̹ձȽϸӡôۼʲ⣿лҢʡ
黨ҩҵĸĸ˵ԼⰡ൱⡣
ԭһҩĳɱ۶ٶңһѹ飬һ£ɱ۶ԺԲˡ
лڣ൱л㣡ר黨ҩҵԭȵר׷ô
лҢЦԭǴǵģľǡרҩҵò˲-JTרǰ״
˲-JTרȨڣ黨ҩҵ׷Ǿʮڡ
лҢһԼĴԵظпһ䣬׬Ǯ򵥡
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ٿʦǱߣˣʵʦ
ѧһҪˣȻ۸ս
ǲȫѧǲȫѧѣ׷һѧƶȣ
ʦٿ˻飬ڻöһϵнѧۼӵĹ֮ܶһ仰ѧԽ࣬Խ࣡
ʦЦѧ㻹ôѧԱ
ʵ֤ȫʦԸ­**һѣºûжѧԱͷ˵ºڶѾ㽫ѧԱƵʦˡ
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ǱߵĲƷ֮󣬳ºʦȥǵ̬ȥˡ
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һѧٵĽѧǾǽ򰡣
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ҵȻʤ̭ġ



103 һվ
ҩƴѧ޲ΧлҢװһٸͷ ֻлҢҽҩߵоԺ̫޹ؽҪ˽ȥ ࡮˲-JTĻѧҩϳɷƳɹϢûڵһʱ䴫
Ҳûסá
黨ҩҵĸ˹һˣ ҩƴѧѾõϢ˸ˡ
黨ҩҵĸлҢǩרȨͬʱ ҩƴѧƬ 㷢ţлҢ黨ҩҵĸ˸ֹˡ
лҢ˵ רǱר ⹫Ϣȱĳɱۺܸߣ ֮ڹڽ۸ߣ Ƕҵ  ͬŬĽ ǲҵһֱȥԣ רǲ⹫ģ ֻ˵ҵҽȣ ΪҼѹ ΪϰʡǮ ˵Ǯ׬׬
Уף רѾ黹ܲصס
רǱר⣬ ûá˲-JTֻ֣˴ͳĻơһ򲽽 õרݣ ҲƲ߾̺͹աҩƷôף ǹڱЩҩסô𣿡
УڽҩƴѧУ֪ҩзжôӣַӼĻ΢һβЧҩͿܻҩҩר൱ƽ⡭лҢĻУ΢һġ
ҩƴѧǷһƪšףУлҢоŶȡشͻƣ
ʲôͻƣ
ҩƴѧû˵ֻһлҢоʵƬ
ҽѧԴӵ֪лҢȥ˽ҩƴѧ֮󣬾ÿСʱˢһˢҩƴѧҳϰߣһˢ˶죬ʲôŶûˢεľἫˣһˢһʲôŶҪ
ˢţΪеҪ֪лҢڽҩƴѧЩʲô
ˢţΪлҢڽҩƴѧʲô뾩ҽѧûֱӸϵ
ΰһˢȻˢƪšףУлҢоŶȡشͻƣ
شͻƣ
ʲôشͻƣ
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գûסԼĺģлҢ˵绰ȥСлڽҩƴѧǱȡʲôͻˣôʲôû˵
лҢʵ飬ɹˡò˶ãҾͻȱҽϰȱ飬۸˺ܶࡣרߵǱЭ飬˵
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Ťͷһ۰칫ң칫ҵſһ죬ߵűߣŸϣʣоˣáҩѧ𣿡
ǵģԭȵĻ΢һоݡ
ԭȻԥҪҪھҽѧҩѧϵõлҢĿ϶ش֮βԥˣǧѣҲðѼҩѧϵھҽѧ
֮ǰֿǣû¶ģҩƴѧȡһԣܲ
ҩѧ״ηھҽѧ
ҩѧĴʼˣҲھҽѧ
Ǿҽѧĵ
ҩѧгֵģξãûԼаѡҩѧϵ֮ǻų꣬󣬡ҩѧӵӵһոշѿӱһ֦ҶïĴҽѧʦǻ̾Ϣ
ҩѧĹӦھҽѧġ֮Աҩƴѧȣʱ쵼һû
ǳ棬ξ͸оâڱ
θͰѽϵдãҽѧһЩ¸صϽڹͬǩ飬ݽֹܽѧеѧУ쵼Ƕȥ
λֹܽѧеУ쵼þҽѧҩѧϵˣϧҽѧһֱûжΪҽѧбİţȵҽѧݽ룬ûκεԥͽҩѧϵˡ
ѧƽ辭Ѹ⣬ȱǮ
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лҢÿ궼вʿҵЩʿߵķµһѧ΢˵㣬Ƕȱ㶼㲻ȱ㡣
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лҢĶͰȣһ˵ĳɹԵһϵĳɹˣ˵лҢŵЩҩƴѧĲʿҲ˲ĳɹЩ˶Եʦ
ҪǾҽѧûʸҩѧϵǷȫ򣬶ûһߵԺУʸ
õҩѧϵָ֮лҢһ绰ȥͬлҢúġҩѧϵѧƽ⣬ӦðЩγ̡صӦ÷
ҩƴѧ쿵ԺʿлҢЩʱлҢûףšҩѧſγ̵չлҢ߽αߵУʶѧǵձ鱡Ķ֪ÿʲôγ̡
ѧѧҩѧſǡҩѧĻ㶦ܰſθһ΢ڵǷȱǶ޷ˡҩѧż
лҢѧϵ˲һЩҩѧòĿγ̣ɾ֮ʣµĿγ̾ǡҩѧ޵Ŀγ̣Ȼִӻѧϵ˲ʵ޳һЩҪѧĿγ̣µĶҪҩѧϵ
ҩѧ֧ѧƵҪǳߣÿѧƶ̫ɾлҢԼõġҩѧĽǣ漰ѧֱȻҽѧٴҽѧרҵۼѧҪࡣ
ʱͬлҢ˵Слγǲе̫ˡ㿴ܲɾѹһ㣿
ҩѧѧγͲܸı䣬һı䶼ԡ΢ˮһЩѧѧĶʹȱˡ
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жѧ⣬ԭοһ½ҩƴѧֽҩƴѧõļҩѧϵֻһտӣûпʼ󣬾ͰסϲԸ˾
ʮ˰ɣ
Ȼе٣ٵĺôڹʦҲСڿΣѧߡҪгʲô⣬Ҳ̫ѧǰ;



104 һվ
˵ һŷ֧ѧǲᱻ֪ģ ҩѧһ лҢȶȣҩѧҲ˼ѡ
ȵǴΣ ǰձתлҢɾͣлҢΪˡȷ
ȷʵ лҢ⼸ĳɾʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ̸ƾһ֮˹Ͷȡɵġ͡ѧϰ ˵ƵЧҩ Ϊжлʮ ֻ⽱Ŀǰû
ΪƢҡȱθҩǡҩѧ֧ģý廹ˡҩѧδ滰߷ִ ˶֪ˡҩѧ
кҪμӸ߿ Һӵĳɼǿ϶ѡߴð˴⺢ӵȫҰ
Ǽ޶ѧҩѧȥ㿴ǸŮޣ ˼Ÿ߿꼸꣬˺üˣǼ޶úȥѧ֮Ҳڻ
ѧɶѧ ѧҩѧȥѧѧܸ֮ɶԶѧѧܸڻ
ҵСڣѧҽѧʲôҽ룬 øǯĻЩ 񲻶ģҹҪ³ˡ
ɶɶɶ޶аϣѧɶӻҵ֮㵱ʿȥ˶ʺ֣ܲеϢ ȥѧҩѧ

߿һµʱ ּҳѾ׼־Ըˡ
ܶ˶˽ҩƴѧϾȫΨһһáҩѧרҵĸУֻҩƴѧƽ̨չǲЩѡʡ߿ѡֵۣҲųЩѡֵˡҩѧδС
ֻЩҳȥֽҩƴѧġҩѧרҵȻձǾͺѹˣջϲһ
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ҩѧϵáӢѧģʽԡ-˶-һ廯Ϊѧƹʱ䣬ΪϿʱ䡢Ϊоʱ䣬ȫγ̵ѧҪ󣬼ɻñѧʿѧλڻñѧʿѧλĻϣһƪˮ׼SCIɻ˶ʿѧλڻ˶ʿѧλĻϣɲʿļһƪˮ׼SCIɻòʿѧλǰϿڼ䣬ѧҲɲ뵽ʦĿоСҩѧϵƻʮˣ;רҵת롢תѧ
һʡĸ߿ѡ־Ͷˡ
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лҢΪҩѧĴʼˣҽѧίΣ˼ҩѧϵϵΡ
лҢһϧʱˣôüҩѧϵѧ˷ѱഺ껪
ĽڿαĽڿҲ٣ڿαʴȵķŹˣѧյѧĶ
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ЩʦǾȫУ˲ţ֪ʶӲúܣڱЩ֪ʶѵǾЩѧѧų
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ЩʿΪõCڲ
вٲʿΪרͷͺڼϡ
һרҶħ



105 һվ
ʿѧѾѧ·ϣѧˡ
һܹõʿѧǾ֤Ѿӵ˶´Կй
õʿѧˣڲõδϽѧиλȥҹָĻĿȥΪ˲š
Щ˽ΪѧʦΪĿ׷εˡ
Щ˶Լѧɹû㹻ţ˵ǶûиԼоǸʲôӰжô
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һְʦܻٵһһѧ
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лҢܹ̲ʿдһЩ覴ã١ʵٵѧ˵⣬Բͨ
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Щʿ˵лҢ߲ĸ˵Ͱȼ䣬㵨еġ
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һŵʱ򣬹ҹȱҽ߳ɹ̨ȱļ۸񽵵˰ײ˼ۣ򲡻ͷϵļʷĺ֮С
Դȱʼ򲡾Ͳ޽ľ֢ˡ
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Щ߼߼лҢƽʱִлҢ棬ֻԷ΢
Щ߻΢ϷһЩ⡣
#лҢо#
#лҢ쿹#
ĥļ̫ͥˣлҢоһЩЧҩڼ֮еҲ̫ˣЩ˶û뵽Ȼһ·𻨴سѣҸ߾ѵĵһλڶλ£ͷ·Ǳ˹ٷöһ
лҢæоûʱˢ΢еٶ@ûֺܵ
֮ĬĬͼлҢ΢ϡ
лҢȲʱŽͼЩһڲˮ絽ֻϡ
ʲôлҢ
첻У
˵ľͺظɱģҵһ
ʲôлҢ쿹
˵ľͺ˰֢һ
лҢǿס²۵ĳ嶯㿪΢һġ
ллҵĹģÿ춼ڸоģ֢ںоƻУĿǰоĲⷽ棬Ҽ¡
廹粻塣
ʱ򣬴Һôиͷ˵лҢÿ춼֢صоͻȻ͹µоɹأ
лҢ壬͵ǶЩڲõĽһְ֢Ĳ˵һ䣬ιѣˡ
˼ҵоĶڰ֢棬ôܻЧҩ
Щ˲ͶҽθҲθԣû뵽ȻļһЧǳˣθ֮Ȼûͬθһݿ࣬ôû񻯣ֳ˽ήơ
ʳϣθ˸Ǳֳ˲ѷɫθЧ
ǴҽԺƸʳԴθ˵ġò˽θ˺ҩЧɷָõʳӴû뵽Ч൱
ܶҽԺѧҲʼθ֢еʵ飬Ч϶еģֻȽһˡ
οôźһӦھҽѧһоģרŴ°֢олҢԹ˧ٳһθƵҩΰˡ˵ȵȣҽѧĿоĶܳΪҽѧеһᱮ



106 һվ
ΰԼĴͬлҢ˵֮󣬱һڴؿлҢ
лҢ룬ð֢оǳҪߵһ·ϾҪ¿ѧڽҩƴѧ뾩ҽѧյ˶ʿͲʿ뵽оŶ׷ڻѧо㹻ãӦ
ҰĲȥæÿоĵȥˣлҢΪҩѧϵġѧһΡ׼
ҽѧҩѧϵȫ˲ѡʮλ꣬лҢʮλȥѧһΡصڼЩ߹ѧʱĶý
ҽѧҩѧϵѧõĶýңǾҽѧרųǮװ޹ģ豸ȶµģܹѧڿʦ
лҢڡѧһΡϽʲô
ҩѧǸʲô
ڴѧڼ佫ԼƱȥ
һֱ㡣
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һţҳѧʮλѧȫס֮󣬵ϣҩѧϵĸԱͽѧԼԸμӼҩѧϵѧһΡļҳ뵽˶ýҡ
ЩҳʹӸ˽ҩѧϵҲ˽лҢвټҳлҢۡ
лҢˣЩ뾪ȡ
һǾлҢᣬǾлҢ
ȻʮлҢȼҩѧϵЩѪҺǴ꣬ЩҳУлҢһӡ
һǿĺӡ
лҢͬһЩļҳһʱ䵽ˣߵ˽ҵǰ棬ý豸򿪣ĻLED
ѧһΡõPPTлҢһķ
λͬѧλҳҺãǼҩѧϵϵΣлҢ
ҵļܶ˶Ӧ˽ˣǰĽ죬Һ͸λͬѧһ˾ҽѧǰ£ҴӾҽѧ˳˶ʿҵͬ꣬ǰѧҽѧϵʿѧλõѧλ֤֮ع˾ҽѧνְڹѧҽѧϵڣڽҩƴѧƸڡ
ϻһЩıǩ˵˼ʦĸλгĴ㣬ܻȥѧҽ˼ΣҲһӢѵʦĸλͬѧǱ˶뿼УÿλбҪȥģϵͳһԼѧӢ﷽ȻⲢΪԼĿγ̴棬ǽѧ֮󣬻ѧѧǣҪ¿йѧӢжôҪ
Թ죬ҪǼҩѧϵġѧһΡȣҽһ£ʲôǼҩѧҩѧʲô壬ҩѧʲôҪ󡣡
ҩѧѧѧҩѧԼѧ΢ѧѧƵһۺѧƣҩѧķ룬ʵϣѧѾ˴ͳҩѧķ롣ҩѧӦһ֣Ӧҩѧ봴ҩѧ
˲һָܶͬ칹칹˲ջһ𣬹ͬ˲εıƤ֯УӦܽĳּЧ˲ȡ֮ǰо⣬ҲǼҩѧ
ҩѧĳ֣˲-JT롮˲-JFӸӵ˲ոз˳ȱ뽡Ƣҡθ˵ĳ֣Ҳ벻ҩѧ˵ΪƳθˣҩѧѶֱչࡣ
ҩѧ漰ѧ֪ʶʵ̫ˣ޷ʱڣпγ̶ڸѧԽѧƵ˾꣬Ϊ˲ѧѧֱ˱˶ѧơѧռҩѧۼӦֻ֮ҪһЩоɹǾͿǲʿѧλ
Ϊչʾһ¼ҩѧϵĿγ̰š
лҢһ㼤ʣеĿγ̾Ͷ̸˳ͬĻһĻвϵ
ҩѧϵÿһſγ̣Ҷ뵽˽ѧƻƶȥιҲѾѧڵʱȫɡʮѧڵĿαγѶȳݶӵʽγûԵı仯ζţѧϰѶڽڽģҪϴ󲿶ӵĽȣͱҪԼÿ춼ŬϽ
һҳ֣ʣлΣγ̰ô᲻ᵼºǹͣ
лҢ̧ۿǸҳѧѧϰرǿڸеʱܱһʮĸСʱѧϰ˴ѧ֮ʮСʱ֤ôѧѧУѧϰܶ£ʲôѧ
ǸҳڨڨȥҳҲлҢıŵˡ
֮ǰлλͦģôɫ˵ͱˣ
лҢPPTһҳ¶һͺͺѵ٩ϣвԼѧʱ֪֪ѧﶼѧ൱˻ܱʫ΢֡
ǳ̬ھҽѧıƺ˶ʿ֪ߵѧϰ״̬ѧѧҪŬôһЩͬеԼbattleʵ˲ġ
Ϊʲô
лҢ׳һԴҪݣǼҩѧϵġѧһΡαԼƣһֱȥ
ȣһͷĵ飬ѧмλܹԼʵÿռƻϸִȥ
û˾֡
лҢһʷжͬѧǼЪԳ־ʬأܹ뾩ѧҲΪûϽġûнȡģ˵ҸΪǶӵ㹻Ϊм˵ӵи־ӵпĵԼ
û˾֡
˶жԵģҲ밾ҹˢˢƵ˼飬ڶ糿һ˯磬ЩʱҺܹ̳Թһ죬һѧ鶼մ𣿡
ЩлҢǡΪĦлҢλͼҡͷ
лҢҲҡͷ
ǳѧϰ֮⣬ҲӦӵԼҲӦȥŻ㣬ȥ羰ȥȺܹΡĿС˭涨Աͱ밲ƶֵͱˣ
ûô˵Щʮ׵⡣
ԿƣǳΪĹĿɮҪѧ𣬸øʲôʱ䣬ȥʲôܰǰжôջ㶼ҪصԿء
Ѫɵˣ鷳ʱ򣬻ƣ۵ʱ򣬲ǻˡѧо·ϣݽʮֱҪġ
˵Ұ½ʮСʱѧصסĵطҲˢһˢѧ޹صĶ˵һѧ£һѧ£ǿһЩ¼Ƭĥһȡ
ýһɧЩѧͼҳΪлҢ˵ˢƵȥգ˵ĿǿһЩС˵û뵽˼ҿѧģˢƵҲڷḻԼ
иҳʣлΣ𣿡
лҢҡͷۣҺ
ѧԼҳɫȻͱùŹǿлҢĿͬڿ̥һ
лҢ˼ӣȻŷӦֽһ䣬Ҳ˵ҶҪɣҵ˼ǣҿҪ֮󣬷ֳȥһЩҪΪԼ̫Ҫ顣
ҿѧ£ѧ£һҪֻ㿴ѧµĶãҪѧҲν¼ƬĻ͵ǽһЩˣϲգϲⶼԡ
صֻһڸûصʱѸٽԼл״̬ǳЩջļʱС
֮ʲôʱ䣬ʲôص㣬øʲô͸ʲô
ڶԵʱ䡢Եĵص㣬ͶԵˣһԵ飬Կơ



107 һվ
лҢڼҩѧϵġѧһΡϸѧιһ뼦ȻǾѵ
ѵɾͳһŵģԺϵ÷ӣʱ򣬴ҵѵĿ࣬ϣԺϵ˸Եİš
еԺϵϲͰﲻϲжֱɶȵȣ˼ҩѧϵлҢֱӰϵʱ䰲˸顪ѧϰ
Ƚ鼮ַȥȻίмҩѧϵĸԱѧҪھѵɵpdfʽȥ
˵ʻÿܶᰲŲԣѵ˵Ĵʻܵ5000ѵ֯һӢļģɼܵ500Ҫٽڹβύα棬ҪָٱҪύ鱨桭
ҩѧϵѧһ뻹ڻԼôɨһ۾ɵñţۻ
ѵڼҪʼѧϰˣһѧʳ˴Ҷʵ⡣
ԱֱӻظһΡ
ţpdfлԱдģ˵ֻҪ֤Ŭ̶ȵķ֮Щɡ
⣬лʮֹǵĽشǻμĻҲ֯ÿܲ٣˵١μ١ٵȵȡ
ˣҵǰǴһԤ룬ǵĿγ̰źԺϵĿγ̰ǲһģӽڸеģʽγҵ٣ƽʱӦҲ֯ܶοò顣
⣬лλصĶҪ󣬽ҾѵڼϤѧУͼԼͼݵĹкܶףһǷһַмҩѧϵĹϵͳѧź֤λ¼ǵ޸Ŷ
֮ĿγҵĶҪȵȣᷢ͵ǵĸϵͳУγ̿ɼȵȣлθҵĸҶϧŶ[͵Ц][͵Ц][͵Ц]
ˣӦûкҵлڿѧ
ʮλҩѧϵѪҺԼ·˻ӡ
ѧѧԵĽѧϰܺùȥˢͰ۵طˢǽ档
ѧ۵Ŀ⣬ҩѧϵѧǰͶѧϰĺȥ
ѵգ۶ʮλѧܵСڿΣȥëšԭ˼ޡʷԼ֮⣬ͬһҡ
ϵѧôмѡ޿οӣҩѧϵѧǱ޿Σһʮλ˭˭ûһĿȻ˸ӿΣ
µĿ֮ʮȻˣһЩγҲӭ˽οԡ
ѧҩѧϵѧͱץӢѧعлҢ˼ѧϰƻͿӢѧϰƻ˵дߡ
ļԹ󣬳ɼûЩѧǾͿʼϹĴˡ
ļҲ̫˰ɣϣͺһ̸۵ҲһͶòһ΢Ƶ⣬˿ܾԸúˮƽʵһ֪Ķпˡ
ĶЦҲ̫ˣһƪֻУ죬кķ⡭Ѷ̫ˣսһ԰ɡϧǲܱררˣȻĻҶȥררˢˣ
Աʱðͷ@λԵͬѧ˵ϵǶԱררˣרר˺һ޴εˢʲôʲôԼĻȥſ
Ȼ󣬸ԱͳһЩѧֵƽ650ңֺǺǵظлҢȥϲˡ
ⲻ֪лҢǳɼ֮üͷš˺һ˵ļԵĿô򵥣ôƽÿ˿ʮ֣
ԱѵлΣͺܲˣֲϵЩϵѧء
лҢҡͷܴУӦǲܵġѧڶ֯ģĿҪ΢һЩЩѧĳɼռʵ̫ˣǽɼˢ߰ɣ߶ʮֻǲѵġ
Ա뵽ԼǸչİٶʮɼ̲סӵʣлΣߡǲе̫ˣ
лҢһǶԱѧĺӢţ˵Ⲣѡ
ʵ֤лҢû˵󻰣Ҳûпۡ
ЩѧǵĩԳɼһŽһų൱Ưֻ˵ĲֿĿû㣬ѧһˮ
Աɨһ۸ڻҽѧϵٴҽѧϵĳɼֵĽѧѡ˶á
ҽѧϵٴҽѧϵĸԱչһۼҩѧϵĳɼû
Ҳ̫ˣ
뵽ҩѧϵѧͶ˶ôȣҽѧϵٴҽѧϵĸԱƽˡ
ҽѧϵǸԱ˵NɪɶǵлζҴѧ֮ǰʦأ
ҩѧĸԱ־˹ȥԣ˼ǽڣǼҩѧϵϵΣǿоĵΣ㻹һԱ
㡭ҽѧϵĸԱ˵һ㲻ҲһԱô
ԪȻһѮĩҩѧϵѧ쵽ҵһռڴ潫GļظңҸ衣
лҢҲЩо˿˸ᡣ
ʸո˶ʿͲʿǼˣôöѧ׵ѧ궼˶ƪף
ЩѧЩ֧֧ᣬû˼죬лҢԼĵԣһݺüͷš
ǲǵøһͣ
ѧʱҸÿ˲ƪףһѧڵĹһƪǾȻûһɣ
֪ǵЩʦʦһѧܿ𣿶Ͱƽÿܿƪң⻹ΪҪæҪæʵ顢Ҫæдģ춼ףŽƽˡ
غÿܿʮһƪңأһѧڹȥЩУˣſʮƪµʱ䣬ʲôȥˣ
Щм˶ģôУѡ֮ղȷ¡Ķٶȣؿ֪ʶмİǾôԴģ
ҩѧϵıǿ׶࣡
лҢһļУҸ·һļУǸļǶ߼ģһ׶ηƪǻ֮ٿ·ļС
Ҳô취·֮ǰ׶꣬һĶܽᣬȻ뵽Ŀ۾·֮ǰЩףҪôǽһѧ룬ҪôҸǷһȰ˵Ǻþۺɢ
лҢ˳ȥͬоԱһĹܽһ飬չһʵɹ˺ܶĿоԱĿһһѡˣؼȥдġ
ɢ󣬶ĵлҢлոնЩŵʦʦ˵ĻǲЩˣ
ʤ̭档ʱҾߵĹѧϰǿжôߣѾһѧڵʱȥӦͰֻӦһܣغӦһ£ЩӦһѧڣӦһ
ҪʵڽܲߵѧϰǿȣʲôԵʱһһ˵ĺڷ̤ʵԿͣأȫ׻ٻ
ѧ͵ʦһ˫ѡḶ́ǵļǿŶӷɹԼѧȦеӰڻˣҪˮҵ˷ѵ˭ңǲǻҸʵ飬дأ



108 һվ
ҽѧ˶ʿʿлҢĿߣֻҪ΢һ紵ݶڰ֮ڴ顣
лҢʹѧϢܿʹҽѧڶԹѧ۷׷ס
һʿľս˵ҵ찡ǱߵҪǲ̫ϸˣ˵Щѧһѧڶٶƪ£ƽÿ춼ƪ춼һܿһƪлҢǲе߻ħˣ
һʿȴЩĽѵ֪лҢĴôģͰǣҩƴѧǼʿ˶ʿҲǡ
˵ʱ¶лԸѡģǾеľ䣬˵е󣬵˶ɵ飬ΪʲôЩ겻ɣ
һ첻һˡлҢУ׬Ǯ£ƴһǰ̣ôͲϧ˵ͷЩ̫
һʿҲ͵һôѧĵʦ֪úϧ㱻ѧҲǻá
ͬǼŲʿ˶ʿУû٣˶⼸ʿ˶ʿá
лҢĿҪĿĿҪоѣҪ豸豸ӶĽҲĽЩ˾Ȼúϧ
ⲻ
ƾлҢѧԼѧȦֻҪлҢƶĲߣһͷҲܽɻСᷢһˮƽSCIõǰ;ѾΪ϶ˣЩôͲ֪ϧأ
ܶЩʿ˶ʿһۡã
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лҢڿڴѧ֮תͷյ˽˼ٷ뺯ڿȺ﷢һϢͬѧ˵һԼѧаżʱ䣬֮ϷɻƱӢȥˡ
ѧһ±ơ
ʶлǱóɢȥˣ
Ҳ׼˵ǰɡ
ڵľԱԸѧЩѧŵģѾ˷żʱ䣬Щȴһٶʮֵľ˶ʵлҢǵһƪһƪˢ
ЩЩı䣬տʼӣȷʵʹ࣬ҪҧİƪʱǵĿ߼ṹʹˣʱ΢͵͵һѣһ߿һ߽ӡ֤Ļǿľͻࡣ
һҪǣһܹѣͱ˵ҺͰһΪ㹻̹ϣǶ֪Էѧоϲ˽ҲԶԷ̹ϡһ̹ϵˣǵĺϵ޷άϵȥġ
⣬һһ䣬֮Ǿǻ飬ھϵֻҪ뷨Ѳȱʵ豸ȱָҲȱȻ˶˵ҵֻҪ㣬ùҲǲȱġǵľ顢ѧУǱĩãԼúķΧڷԼĺ飬ǻо粽С
ЩǾ̸֮
ȺͶӶ˶ʿʿٵھҽѧûвĻ𻨣޴ӵ֪лҢҲûаԵϰߣ˵ĺϵȴ൱ȹ̵ġ
лҢĹƫҲйϵ
֮ЩѧѧҲ졣
һһһḶֻ́ҪԸ⸶ŬһջЩ츳оԱҲҪĻֻЩ츳˿ܻױŷУҪһһǰߣǿǰ񱼡ߵ·һ١
˶˵лҢоԱ츳ѡ֣ʵˮů֪
һֻܿлҢ˳˶ƪģȴû֪ЩоΪдƪ֮ǰ˶ٵף˶ٳʱĻ
-------------------------------------
лҢŴѧμ˼ٷᣬĿĻһӽŴѧоĴְ
ѾܾúܾûרӢѧϰоˣӢһ罻ԻĹߣһصѧơ
ΪŴѧоĵһλ㱨лҢΪлеĺоԱ֮һһԼΪģ˼δ
Եãǽ˼ΪˮƽһֿԣαĽḻȥɻⳡսһֱڹԼ㣬Ŀֻһ֤˼ԶڿӢˮƽļȡ
ŹκһҪƾɻ쵽ɼ֮©֮㣬ǶԽ˼֮ƽԵĸҲǶԿĸ𡣰ЩܻΪԲͨճ˵⣬΢е̣ҲǶǵİ
һֱţϢ塣κһ֡κһԣΪ˴Ϣ赲ܲһĵһţҲϢݡ
ٸӣһѧһȫİĹ֮صԣص֣˳ȥ𣿿ºѡܺ͵ϰǾͻ̶Ѷȡ˼Ե壬ǼһѧܷӢΪĸ˽ϰϰϰжǷӰ쵽˴˵Ĺͨ
˵дѾΪ˽˼ԵֻģʽģʽָĿԼɲֱӵڹȥĺܳһʱʹЩԼս
һֱһ뷨뿪ǰҡ뷨ǡܲѰҵһڸ̵ʱڡЧ⿼ˮƽĲԷ
ܲҵһ˵дۺһķ˵Ķۺһ𣬾׼ѧȡϢϢٽԺдҲ˽ѧĳһĹͨд
˵ѧ鵽⣬ĸͬķ࣬һճͨ࣬Ǹһ̶ݣ˵仯ũӰ죬ѧƵ֮󣬾ҪԼĶֵĲԣȻڿﲿ֣ѧҪشũĺܶ⣬ԼĿĲ֣ҪũԼĿдһŵȵȡ
ݣֻҵһ뷨
û֣оԱü˼ڤ˼롣
ľƣлҢԼĴְŽŴѧӢоĵΣع
ͬ˵˵ҽҩѧоȡʮֲĳɾͣף㣡ְҾͲˣΪ˼ȥɻ൱ҪĹףʸΪŴѧӢоĵоԱ
ʲôǻɻ㷢뺯ÿζܹʱ򣬽ŴѧӢоʱӭ㲻ʵҲУֱдһʼ֪ǣκεӰ졣
ܹΪŴѧӢоĵоԱлҢʼδġ֮ҪȥоԱְΪԼѾ޷ٶԽ˼ٷ̫Ĺףˣû뵽һȥȻ
˽ŴѧӢоĵΣлҢ̤Ϸ̡
쵽ʱһͨ绰ֻϡ
лϽڴġ
лϽʣСлп𣿼ƻǱ߽һȽĲˣǳ氩С뵽㵫ϵϣʡ
氩һӢʮСʱ󵽴˻üĻһ



109 һվ
氩ϵİ֢һԼ没ֳͨʽȾ壬θзͨž뵽סΰ没صĻתƵβԲԼγռλԲ䣬Ⱦкܸߵ²ʡ
ͷƤĲֳΪ没ȫΧڹϵʮ־øյļ֮һҹʮʡΪֲΣǧǧ򡮰没ɵ꾭ʧʮԪ
没ҪũȮҪĴȾԴ
ȮڸȾ没֮ųķлẬдѣЩѻȾݵءˮԴԼʳڸȾڣ߲κε쳣ֲǱ밬̲еһƴٷ֮ʮĻ߻ٷ֮ʮĲ˻ʮЩ˻ܶһţҲӡ没ħצ
лҢھҽѧƵʱͼпһЩ没ףûнйʵолϽ˵ҽԺһȽĲˣԭȻڷɻ΢ϢϢҲ˲ϢˣͳʼԼڰ没β˼·
ִҽѧУ没Ʒơ
ͨгȾĲгƸΰ没ѡƷʽһ没չڣͳгвͨˣҪֲͨгֲơƳɹʼͣȴߡ
һ没ĲˣҽȰ߷ơ
ҽִ֪ҽѧ컨ĸλãֲûξûΣҺҲβá
ûδ绰ҵлϽڣлϽڶתתҵĲˣݶȻ򵥡
лҢĿһ񣬴Ӽϸҽŵĵ伮֡没صҩҵһ롮ٹȡгġܹɢרιƳ֢֮
ĳ˵没ǹƳ塣
ֻܹɢҩûеģлҢֻѰҩʹ´䣬һ򻯰ıܹɢ
ڷҩ֮òܼЧлҢҲ˵׼㵽ҽԺǲ˵ľ֮
ɫķɻڴ˻ܵϣлҢаֱӽ˻վշת֮ڸҽԺſڵĵվ³糾͵ص˼ơ
ÿΰ칫ҵţμлҢæվӭСлˣлϺ˵ӢΪҲýܼأ
˷ɻֱ֮ӹģΣлϺ˵˵е⣬ʣôⷨоǲ˵ĲԼ鱨棬ܸܲҿһ£
ֱӵݸлҢһỤ͸鱨涼ˡλ˵⣬׶ͨѧһڣҲǹҵĹԺԺʿǴг˵гϾҪӪˣλԺʿͻȻ¡ҵȺˡ
Ժʿ
лҢͳU̾Ϳʼϣ鱨һһȥλ˵ĻŽԼĥõǸҩдݸΣûʿվȥҩȡҩÿĸСʱһΣȰҩźΣ׼
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ʣôʱ䲻Ժʿҵǻ۹屦ܲκεķաҲǻգǵ̶ȡ
Ӧû⣬ȥҽ̿ƽʼֻӣˣҲһ
лҢ˵Լңϰ״֮󣬾ֱȥҽ̿ơ
һ죬ҽ̿ƵĴȫлҢ޳䣬һֻֻӺһֻֻ󶼱ʳ⣬ҪǣлҢԼһҪҪЩ̽ʵϸԭҽ̿ƵĻʿ۾ֱˡ
̣˼ʮֻʮֻ֮лҢоԼͷָֻˣסĵط
һˮ裬úϢһڶϣлҢӱ﷭Լ֮ǰĲװҩƿԹ緹󣬱㿪ȥ˸ҽԺ
һ괺ڽǵ·ѾЩζ
лҢ˸λѳͣãҴҽ˼ƣͼлʿææܹͬ˵л򣬳氩˵ˣ糿Ĵηҩ֮ͻȻѪȡ
лҢһһԽȫˣһˮţ޾ͽҡ
ǻ
лҢվڻԱ߿Ӻ󣬲ʣΣ鵽Ѫ𣿡
žˡ˵Ҳ֣֮ǰƬӵʱҶԺʿžеļ٣ǰ͸ӣûмۼոпʱ涼ž
θûм棿һηҩ֮ûнйű㣬мûгֳѵų֮ǰĲԽȣ˻ǼˣûԵ**棿
лҢôʣηӦһʣ˼ǣ˳ԵҩǳҩϳֵžҲΪӸܼǨƵµž
лҢͷҲġ
ⲡѾƶǵҶԺʿ˵ЩѾˣȻǻѾˣǾͰ˰ɡ
лҢӹεݹӺҶԺʿǸͬһĸΣȻ˱Ȼͬʿ˵ȥò˼ǩͬԭгֲαʱžһõѪͨ·ǺϣЩҩųİཨһ·Ǿ쵽θų塣
Ѿ̨ȫȨлҢлҢȥͬ߼̸ݵȥˡ
ΪҶԺʿԵʣβҪͬ˼ͨҪ͹ػ˹ͨ
ʮӺ󣬲˼ǩõЭңлҢʽʼα
αòҪȸֲгֲ򵥣ʵȴǡǡ෴ǲһָķ֤ιܵȶǰȴҪڲƻιܵ½г޸
һϸŤļ汻лҢӾ˳滹մѪһѰ߱лҢѰϻ·ļ桭
лҢֵĻʿ;ܳȥĴΣθʵûʲôˣҲˣֻܻ˽
Ѫ-Ҷĵ棬һҽԱܲˣʮСʱĸαҽʿһһΨһûľлҢ
α꣬ڶžҲѾǺϴãлҢǿžѲ˵ĸǻϺã̧ͷһۼǱ̣˵һһҲص˵ϡ
һγԷ糿



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ʱʮСʱлҢȫδ̨⣬ҽԱǵ˺üġ
лҢͻȻεЩսûõҽԱһҽѾżʣЩҽԱϽлҢ̧ϵܳлҢܡ
ʿлҢͷ亹뵽ҽԺз磬лҢðĵظлҢһŰ״ͷ˸ʵʵ
ҵŴ򿪣һҽԱȥñĵܴһҽԱлҢܡ
ſڵĲ˼ԼѧһܳŵѾ˰ײͺ
ͷӣ
֣
ڣ

ҶԺʿϰֱӳ嵽˵ܳǰץŵܳͿʼޣƿ״һǣֵܳŵĲϰ޶ˣ͵˵ô˶ˣ
ʿһð״лҢǺãͬҶԺʿϰ͵ܳɹϾҪˣܳŵҽ˼һãҽΪͣǿ֮ݿ˵أҪȡ
ҶԺʿϰգգ͹ۣ㶵ر˲ص˳ϡ
һֱڶŵļ߸ϽΧʲ˼ҶԺʿҽĸ
иҶԺʿѧԺã˵лҢл򣡻˵ˣǴӾҽѧлҢ
żǶŵõһ
ҽԺıȥϽߣ˭뵽Щ߻ȥͽŸ巢˳
ҽѧлҢΪҶԺʿڶʮСʱĳʱҶԺʿתΣΪлҢȴУ
Ϥǰһ죬лҢڲŴӢ̣Ҷûأֱȥ˾ҽѧҽԺΪҶԺʿƶƻ
ԭҶԺʿͻȻѪòǰлҢ糿ҽԺֱӽңʮСʱδϢδʳյ̨ϡ
תֻΪлҢ
ѾѿʼԷضлҢ˵廳ˡ
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żм˳飬Ҳˮ
ﶼϢǼٵģҽѧҽԺͳҥˣôܷϢѵһϹš
ҽѧҽԺҲѾҳһš
лҢ״̬ʵ̫ˣĸڽΨһʽ鶼ˣȴûвκεԭ
ֻǾҽѧҽԺרлҢ˷ЭҽѧԺרҡҽѧĽڡǴҽԺרҲˣлҢ˻һĪչֻȸлҢעһЩάֻʡ
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ڶоڶĿͬ൱ϧ˵лҢôһˣôͻȻˡʱ˶ˡ
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سǡ
֦ڼСͻȻ绰𼱻ǵ˵֦ϽʰѾȥǵƱˣѺӸҢˣڻؼҵ·ϣҽ֮۸Ͻȥǡ
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СԶ֦Ӻ˺ü衯Ű֦û
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лȫ
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Ųݼ㲵ĵлҢºĺݺݾţסлҢ֣һһغҢ
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ҺǸͬѧ˵ˣ
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ˣҾǹһûµġ
Ķӣһ·ܻصľ
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ҽѧҩƴѧοҲ׷׵лҢĲ￴ˣЩݶǻ˶žġ
ȡԼغѧԭѾؼ׼ˣлҢġجġ֮ȫ˾ǡ
΢һɳڸлҢ
֦ͳ˾ҽѧҽԺлҢ֦޵øͣס
һȥÿ춼лҢ״лϽҲعлҢûκɫǣҲûٽȥ
ͺǴҪˣۿˮϾҪûأϵ˶ѾˣʱͻȻ֣³ˡ
ֲϲµġ
ܿ͵˴ʮ죬ҽԺķﶨһҹ»ʿڿлҢȫҴûͦȥ
лҢˣŸ첲ժϵܣɨһ۲ڵĳ裬Ŀڴͷֻϡ
ϵʹֻлҢһǣ͵Զػˡ



111 һһʮһվ
лҢԭԼǿ´ȥҳº󣬷ָ첲ȶʵʹĲУֻܷ˺塣
ʿվĻʿʵͦģÿκ嶼в˵ֶ񻯣ĳЩ⣬ͻȻлҢڵĲﲦ˺壬ЩõĻʿֱӾ˳
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Щ˵ĿɿڴлҢ֫չ˶֮󣬻һ˶
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лҢоһЩͬʿ˵˵һӣȥҩץҩã鷳ˡ
˯˲֪жãȫ۵ĲС˰ȥרҰҵıùгҵðֻϵ磬ֻҲ֪ػˣ֪û˸Ҵ绰
˵ЩлҢЩʿһ䣬ʲôˣôбأ
ǻʿ˵ǳϦҸϵļ˰ɣǸողųȥӦڳҹ
лҽ˶нʮˣӲģ費Ҫٸһ죿
⣬ҽǲҪֻȽϺãڴҶΪˣѾϹ˺ܶ졭и׼
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֦ӳһڣͦóԵģ֪ǴļġҢҪһ̼ҵ֣ҲԤΣҿʽͦãõҲ
лҢ룬֦˶˵ˣԼģôͺϾˣպܺã˵רѧգھҽѧҽԺȵĵһѵġʱ˺ʨͷ֪жôóԣֱһţЩҭ
֦һ˵ˣ԰ɣϳԹҹӲԶ
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кܶ఩֢˵Чҩк֢ܶߵһеŹ²һڵĿоѣѹʮ˶ʿʿδש̫ˡ裬֮вٵĻȥ̸Ϊʲôÿζ׼ȷҵĻ⣬Ƕ߶߶һһ飿
֦Ŀãɳϣ˵Ң֡
лҢҡͷ裬ҺҺܿ֡෴ģһЩ۵㣬Ҹо֡ΪʲôҲܰԼ⣬ԼʽȥҪֵֿ
ҽԺһֱңΪʲôϢ֮ȥΪʲô;һҽȥĿģ⣬˵ǣҵ֪ҵĵ£ҵθкʹУڸңǸʱҲ뿪̨
ҸǸǹڴгоĿϯѧңˣڵĴгĿȺ׵棬ǹڴгԼͶļǧʽпܻˮƯҲ˶빫ΣĲ˵ǰÿһ붼գ;һҽȥбѡҽҽѧҽԺƻһֱϵҴӢ𣿡
ܽһڶĿĿңΪңҲܹңҽԺѶôңҲΪңҲܹΣ˵ļܹðΣն죬ҲΪңҪǹһһءΣҵβܹ
лĹȥѾҶһ롢ԻʧȥģҲ׵ȥһˣȥӭһҵˡҿѾ˶ĲӮˣҿܻһȽҸĺˣҾҪһȥټëһص裬ڵͺҸˣŹң𣿡
˵һĻӵеĲƸѾҪңҪͨһţǿΪʳסзҲҪҪ˻˲ȡůҪ˻һѰٵһ֮أڲҪˣԼͿԹúܺá
ҿǸ˵ĳ֣ǹȥҡȥȻܺãɾҵҲ
лҢоԼҪ˵ȥʧأЩС˶꣬õϴɾ֦ͬͳ˵裬壬ҹˣҲϢɡ
磬𣬺ȥһ˳У߲ʻһͲҪˣԼɡ
лҢ˷䣬֦޴ɳϣãͷʳ󣬡ϳ£˵ҺҢ⺢ӡǲˣ
֦һˮȰҢˣԼ˼룬Լǲòϵǣںܶ෽棬Ѿǿˡô꣬׬µǮһ룬Ⱳӵ컨Ѿˣδܿ㡣
ֻ֦ҪסһͺˣҪá֮ǰǷģҺһ취ֲ֮ҢҪģٵҪҢԸܺã֮Ĺϵһ͵ġ
֦ļ⣬ºС׬Ǯʵ˾ɵʱҲֹ̿ɺͨˣǷŷյķɻǣķݣҪɵøߣߵøԶӦĿףǻ̿



113 һһʮվ
лҢ֮Ļһϵҩҩ֮ǰһ֮ǰÿҩԼҩ¯ȥߴݼõĶóãҩȴǽõĶȫڣԼ塣
һϹȥлҢԼôɵġ¼һɨգ˳ŰѾѪһ顣
ڶǴһ
лҢ˸磬ӵⶼʰһ飬ºҲ֮ųºһȥˡ
ϣºлҢҢ˵Ļļּٵģ
лҢߴӳջأºĿֲ죬ġ
Ĳˣºе㷢ɡ
лҢЩֵؿ˳ºһۣ˵ûɣֻ˵ҶһҪеߣ涼ôﵽҵСҲΪҪ飬ȥԼҪȥպϣȥ͡ĶˣǾͽ飬Ǿһֱȥ˵أ˵ôĺ£ү϶άһѰɣ
лҢ뿪ЦԳĻºͷһ䣬˵һ仰رидΪͥģ׼ͥǴЩ˺ΪûбֳԵʣҰֺ趼ûʶЩ˺ĴڣЩӰɵĵ˺ȴʵʵڴڵġ
˵ǸǴ˶ôôĸӰ죬ֻ˵ǿʼɺܶԭӦڴ㽵Ķ˵顢˵ЩӰεģĳĳǶҲġ
ºѳص̨򿪣ͬлҢ˵һ䣬ʵҲǲ壬Ӧܸо֮ûٳ
лҢ˵Լһ㶼ûоϼĲɵص˵ͷ
˵ԼûиоºҪȥΪʲô飬Գºûκεĺ棬ӦˣĬز̸⡣
ǴˣĬһܱȥ
һ죬ص̨Ŷ벻ζ˵üȣϲлҢȴû˶١
쵽еʱͻȻ岥һϢʡľɽǰͻȻѾԭ򣬲ԭڼڷH6N9׶ЭҽѧٶڵĿѾ²ԭźǣĿǰûH6N9ЧأٶڿȫԱڼӰӵҩ⣬H6N9ɵڼӣٶںʱֹͣӴзH6N9ڴҲҾʳõʳＰƷ
뵱H1N1ʱлҢûСѧһôȥٴˡH*N*ϤۣлҢ˵H1N1֧Ŀ־塣
һ֦꣬лòɿÿ춼һҩİˮ
˵H6N9ЧػûƳH6N9ɵһֱӣлҢе㵣ģȥ˴һH6N9Ϣٶڿ費ҪԮ
ΪH6N9Եʣ˳֮лҢͳºûȥлҢһЩ㣬ºһЩʵ߲ˣصʱ֦СԶˣ֦Ѿڳæˡ
裬ɣԶɡлҢߣӽ˳
֦Щн˵֪պãŸճԺܳԵҪְɡ
ãָòˣСԶɣⷿװ޵ʱûǹСܶҾ߶нǵģҿСԶ·ȵ°š˲࣬˾͹æҪæ˾ͺ㡣
ֲ֦лҢ˳ȥ
лҢպõúܣߣϧʱı£ȰѱȽϷʱĲ˸ϣȻͿʼĲˣ⿼һﶼϣʱĲãЩʡµĲҲ⿵òˣһҲҪʮӵʱ䣬һ˱ˡ
һ˶ĬûϷ顣
Ĺ˾ڳҪлҢҲȥҽѧ˴H6N9飬֦ͳ׶סͻȥˡ
ºӲǺƤлҢ䵽˴緹ߡ

سǵĸϣ֦ͬ˵㿴ҢԸðɣƼˡ
֦۲ܾ۵Ĺȷġһһ˵뷨ҢǴȥоʲôҩ򲡵ҩоʱĿǿܱǻҪȫ棬ȻҲųĳЩȽԣҢˣαأ
ҢһĺӣЩҪôǻӣΪ򳵾žҪôƤϰܼҡҢԼ׬ôǮôķӣһӡǼӶɵ飬㻹ʲô֪ģ
ӶѾˣǺǵľһγɵۡΪ˴ҲͲһαԼһȥҪأˣ㲻һٷֵҪȥҪϾԼҲûһٷ֣˵ǲ
ĸͺ֮ԵϵӦǻݻ£ǻҪԼǶѹ룬ҢһеӭˣҪôãҪôãҪôײѪģҪ᲻ãֺαΪأ
ĸģ÷־ͷ֣̫෴áҲͬҢǶʱ䣬Ҹڿôáô¡ôĺӣôͷʹ֮ǰл˺Ҫʼ˺֦ҵģٲٵģ㹻ɿռ䡣
֦̾üģڵĸҹ˵ã˵ĻɵӣϾϡɣĸģܲһӶúӰԼ̫˽ˡ
-------------------------------------
ϣлҢ˰ӣһԭζĺóº˸㣬ºϴ룬ԸȥͣȻŻȥ˾ҽѧ
лҢԸȥ̫粻ãЩ˶ʿʿ̫ѹ
Щ˶ʿʿѧŸոѧ㣩ѧӦѾˣ罫ѧڵоƻŲȥ
лҢͦо֮󣬲ŷʵǡǡ෴
ѧһ䣬оңЩ꼶ѧȴһû֡
лҢһѧʣȡغأ
û
лҢһ£оſڷŵĺüУʣʲôʱģЩôô࡭ѧˣ
ǡԵģ⼸챣ఢûϰ࣬¥ͰװˣŴү˵ͰﶪȻǶǵ֮¥µͰﶪˡ
лҢüôô磿ʲôʱˣ
ûء
һӵ¿й΢صͷ
лҢɵۣģǲؼҺͼžۣʵҸʲô
ġ
ЩˢˢĻشлҢ˼ɲѹեѧĵʦôڿͺѹѧûؼһ
ǶˣҸǷż٣ؼϢʮ죬ûڼ꣬͸ŹԪڡôģӦÿ˰ɣؼҲԳʱſ¶ʮѧʱҸǲµ񣬵ʱٳʱ׼š
ʱˮǲҪż࣬ˮһܳģǵôģһܼʱȫ˷ˣ겻ؼͷ׶̹ɣݿأ
Һ˵һϲҪоʽ壬ֻҪܰҲõˣҲǰ쿴ĻϿģҲͼݿĻڽѧ¥ģῴĶС
ֻҪǰѸѧĶѧᣬĿʱһĿİͰ;СԼѧἷʱ俴һѧˣڶѧھ͵ԼϽ䡣ȸϲѧĿʱͻѣʱ˳ɹǷҲдʱʧĻǡ
ԾڴˣȥǱתתб顣
лҢһߣǸûСȺըˡ
ʦʦ㣬ϽУлһ͹ˣף
ȻظڼЪ죬лŵĹҶѾˣҲѾдýȥˣлҵġ
Ҳһ䣬ˣȵúܣһ㶼š
ûһӵʱ䣬лҢڿĹٷȺ@˰ȺͶѧУиҩѧĿ⣬ǹŲһ顣



114 һһʮվ
ǺʣһǰҽԺԲѣеĵʦʲô飿
޻ش𣺰ѡ
лҢͻȻεü춼ԲѵʱѧĻˣ춼ҽԺܣһܶ඼ûлҢתأʷؼңҺ˺þòŻ
ԭȺܶ˻ţлҢȻڴҹ˵ԼˣôŶþٰʮ죬ǿԹԪٷУ˭֪лҢ͵ˢڸˡ
ϵرѧ׷ƱУлҢûȺһȺαʺƨѧȥεİ칫ңΰ칫ҵſţ˼£ε󣬱˽ȥ
Σ˵ЭҽѧԺǱڸH6N9оѧĳôǾûвһ£ɽǱߵôأЭҽѧԺвУ
ΧлҢȦ´˺ü飬Ƶǰôˣô䲻һ¾εˣ豸鲻
Ǹָ꣬Ƕ군ˣŹһݣֻˣҪҪ߸٣ٻؼҺúϢ£
ɱϢµĻһгëлҢ˵Լ⣬ЧҩзǿĳЭҽѧԺû˵ϸ㣿ҿĿĸǻٶڣǡ𣿡
ЦˣϻЭҽѧԺһ֣˵вУ㲻УҲ˵С
ĿԭǴģƼǱֱµҪ󣬿㲻ǻԹȥôҽԺǱ뾡ְ취ҲûܰŪѣֻϻ˴
ϻǲѧоĴţH1N1H6N9Ū²϶û⣬ЧҩзҾϻе
ʵòҲǰѾH6N9²ˣⶼһܶȥˣǶչûСҪвĿĴ㣬ҽֱӺϻϵ϶˫ֻӭ
Ƕõ˻ٶڵϵʽлҢֱӸٶڴ˹ȥлҢѾٶֱлҢЭҽѧԺȥһˡ
ЭҽѧԺΪһҽѧоԺѧʵϣ뾩ҽѧƹҽѧĸ֮
лҢЭҽѧԺ֮󣬻ٶѾѧͣеˡ
ѧлҢĿͦ棬һֹӣлҢܣʣǲʲô˵ģʲô˵ľֱ˵ֲˣαµġ
ѧлҢлڣϾҪ˶ʿҵˣ뿼Ĳʿ㿴𣿡
뿼ͿҵͦģʱʼϵҽѧʿҩƴѧǱҲʿӦùɲѧУ㶢žҽѧĻǿܾͻᾺܼҡ
С˵ҲѧУʦ
лҢЦˣǾͻӭˣԳȥھҽѧǱߵʵתתôиѧģһȽϳֵ˽֮ҾҲ١
̸䣬Ѿ˻ٶڵİ칫ҡ
ٶһͷ׵үӣѧһоóݸлҢ
лҢӵһҳһҳʣлڣô˼·𣿡
лҢֽԼǹؼļҳϸ룬ָʣڣܸһ֧ʺһA4ֽ𣿡
ٶеϧ㶼Ҫ£ɲðˡ¾°ɣܱڿңңڸоҪá
лҢҡͷôһֲõ£
ٶһ£תͱϲǣ¡ѵ죿
лҢҡͷСʱ鷳һӣһԱʣԼһA4ֽһ̨ӡ
仰Ǵӱ˵ģٶڿ϶ȥ⻰ǴлҢ˵ģٶʮ磬Ҳǿһ£лҢӦò޵ķʸˣֻѹԼ˵**ѧлҢҪ
лҢԼĵԴ򿪣ϻٶڿĴӡϵͳ֮˼ʣԸʼǿһصͶģЩĴƥ׵ȫӡȻͿʼԻٶڸЩϽз
ӡõĲ϶˹ŵлҢֱߣٶھлҢԱվţкüʿҲΧ£뿴лҢôоġ
ϧлҢоĶǶ
лҢ׵ĵٶȿ죬±ʵٶȸ죬ַʽѧṹʽԼѧʽˮس֡
ٶڶлҢıʿһĬĬ߿Ǽʿ˵Ƕ濴ҪѧлڵЩҲܷһ£
Ǽʿ㶵صͷһЩʿҲˣʵڸлҢʷ׵ٶȣóֻлҢÿдһŲݸ壬Ǿ͸һš
СʱʮӵʱлҢ±ʵٶȽˣüͷ֮ǰдµĲݸ巭һ飬ֽдһһ󴮵Ĵʽ
ЩʿģлҢͰѲݸֽۺ˿ڴͬЩʿ˵ҩƴѧǱߵʵ豸㣬ȹȥִҩϳɣǺ磬ҿ϶ܻH6N9ȾƷǴӶȾһ飬һ֮󣬴ҩǡ
ǼʿлҢٶȸˣ˵ʻٶڵͼлҢѾдЩֽЩȫװ԰ˡ
ٶڿСʱʱлҢȴѧе֪лҢһǰѾ㶨еоѾȥվˣٶĿ˺һ˵һ䡮˵ҩѧˣû뵽ȻôȻֲһ䡮ֻҪЧҩܳĿ˳ˣ
ɽһϰҴˮ֮У۰Ͱ͵صǿɹǿһֱòɹǲڲЭҽѧԺҲܵۡ
ٶ룬ԸǸʿȥǿĹٷ΢˵һЧҩƹѾȫȨлҢڵĿ飬лҢѾȡشͻƣԤһ֮ڣЧҩ֣ܳҼᶨ뼲սġ
Ǹʿ붮ٶڵġ
²͡Чҩֲ𿪣ʱĿ˳ɣǿ϶˫ĹͣЧҩδ˳ƣҲﲻǿͷ
лҢƳЧҩЭҽѧԺ϶մ⣬ûЭҽѧԺЩȵолҢоɹ
лҢҪûƳЧҩֻ˵лҢıͻ˵ǵо⣬·ҪԭҲֻ˵ǵоλ
˵ٶڻлҢɹġ
ֻŹţʵе͡
ٶڷԸµĲʿȥԭȾһߣлҢҲҩƴѧǱߵ˶ʿʿʿ˵绰ȥǱ߳˹Э
غлѾھˡ
лҢŶУھĶڿȥ㣬һȥꡣ
غе˵ʮӵǱվ
ŶͱվˣֱȥĸƱɣȻؼõ㶫ٹСʱ͵Ǳվˣʱһߡ
ѧڽҩƴѧЩ˶ʿʿԭȻ͵أÿѧڿѧҪڽҩƴѧһ㱨ȻõȥǣڼҰȵعԪڣû뵽лҢ˫Ҫȥˣ
ʮЦٲˣ



115 һһʮվ
˶²۵Ĺںš˶²۾һ̬
ʵ̲סҪ²һˣҵʦ̫ˣ
ȹһ꣬ĳ֪еҵɫ211˶ʿڶһλᵫĴожѧܺã㣬ѧдģָѧоְְ˶ʿʿϿе·ġ
λе㡮񡯣ѧҪܸߣһ쿴߰ƪ׶Ǽҳ㷹֪дһƪĶһ£ߵҪǣֻҪʵˣһܾܿ͵дƪҵЩʿʦʦ㶼൱-̬ǾȻܴﵽеҪ󣡡
ɥĲǣдλСʦһͷһһµ¶ˮµ¶ӣʵ̫ˡ
λȥĩҵԼҽԺȥţؼϢһܣȥѧУˣ˵ҪѧУעǸѧУ豸٣ѧУԼͶʽ˸ʵңʵˣ
ҡ糿ʮһſдĵ绰̬ˣվÿҼĵطܽʮӾ͵Ȼ治֪ôԴС
ڡ˶²۾²۸Ĳ²⣬²۵˻жݣֱ󣬶һܹƲ²۵Ǹ˭
Ȼ˷²ֱۣͷ⡣
ҵɫ͸УȽһȦۺУų
ᵫĴУȥ겡ҽԺšֱӽĿлҢϡ
дֶֿáٴлҢĿԡ
ԼͶʽʵҡȷлҢɣоԱûô
ơһ¶ˮ¶Сʦ⻹ò𣿿϶ǶͰ˰
һλ˵һ£ֺȻ²۶󣬾ͲҪˣֱӵ@лҢлڣѧ²ˣҵķѧǽҩƴѧ˶ʿһ¿飬ֱ˵㻵ѧʦţȻҽȥ[ͷ][ͷ][ͷ]
һȺɳѹЦлҢڸϸоֻпʼͳһĬĬص˸ޣһظ˵仰˽ƪĵĹ꽨ѧ
Ǹ²лҢѧڸϳˢ΢ͻȻлҢۣͲˡ
ŲӰȥ˶ʿĬĬصֻͳԼĵʼֶؿġ
ƪĵķɲСĲʿһ귢ƪģһSCIÿ糿Цѵġ
ϧлҢĿ飬һƪSCIֻжϵѧӦɵĻƪƪ̫ˣغڶֱӷʮƪSCIƽÿ·һƪ˰ȺͶļ¼
غȻûбҵѾҽѧʵԤˣ˵ҩƴѧǱߵУ쵼湵ͨüΣغʿҵڽҩƴѧĴرߣغܾǱߣѡھҽѧȫְо
غĺǣҩƴѧ˲Űֱ˶лҢвʿǸոѧҲû⣬ǰùϵ˵ܽлҢ˶Ǳɣϸʱ䣬ΪѧĴţ
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лҢ֮԰ô˶ʿʿʵЩ˽ҩѧҪһ֣ڽҩģ֮þϸѧֶΣЩҩϳɳ
лҢ˽ѾǵˣûԼڽ׷ӣֱѡһѧУľƵס£ڶһ磬ѧˣͿʼϸѧϳҩķ
ЩأжᵽǲϵͳڿšҩѧУҲᵽһЩȽϴǳĶּѧסҩѧôţҪҩѧʵѵģ
أҾͷӣǽáҩѧģ֮󣬸ôþϸѧֶһ֮Чĺϳɷ
лҢԼƳH6N9ЧҩʽһһزеҩȻݸ־ϸĻѧӦһСӺϳɴӣõֻѧӦÿѧûӴĻѧӦʱлҢͻͣ㲦䣬ʱĻҲضһЩӣ˳ŰЩѧһЩġ
ʵ˰˸Сʱձײһǳɫ塣
лҢСˢӽǲǳɫ嶼ˢŵԼЯСҩƿպãһʰʵ豸һͬЩ˶ʿ벩ʿԼλʿ󽲡
ҩѧ漰Ķ̫ˣҾñѧῴ׶ѾǱ̲ĺ渽ˣǶǶͬѧоʵᵽһЩʵ鷽Ӧ̵ȣЩǸߵлѧǸ߼޻ѧȽ̲гֹҪݣֻ˽ЩӦַӦںˣõҩȥ
Ҵʵ飬ֻ˽һ¡ҩѧʵжôѣҪۻԼĶ̰֮ŬȥӹȥӳܲơǾҵĿ飬Ӧѧᡶҩѧˣ˴ҵѧˣûУֻ˵ǲù
лҢźϳɺõҩƷ׶һѽҩƴѧ˶ʿʿҽҩߵоԺҹս
ĳһλΪ΢²лҢлҢӵ˶ʿַһȦʾԼļᶨ
ллָѧϰáҩѧһᰴлҪ׵Ķ
ûãлҢȦͣȻ뷨ҽһҩѧĲʿ
Ǹ˶ʿ˫ֻͬһǦ㣬̫ˡ
ȴһӽǾҽѧЩѧ
лҢǷ
ǷǣΪʲôлҢֻҩƴѧЩ˶ʿʿҩѧǽ
ȺͶûסһлҢǰ΢Ϻžʹغȥ˽ҩƴѧǲǶˣ
˶ûʧġ
һ󣬿ο˵ӦòǣлֱֱȥҪǶʧˣ϶ֱͺȥĩѵһ꼶Щ˶ʿʿһÿôæл϶ֱ˵ˣĻӡ
ȻлҢص֮͵˶һȥЭҽѧԺöЭH6N9Чҩ֤ʵ顣
ԽѹˣлҢûԶǵˡ
ٶ˵лҢҩƷʱʹһȺʿˡ
ѾȾH6N9ĴȫϣעˮܽҩһȺ˾ͿʼŵλѪҺH6N9о
һСʱڣٷ֮ʮĲ
ڶСʱڣٷ֮ʮĵĲ
Сʱڣٷ֮ʮŵĵĲ
Сʱʱ򣬲ȫ
ٶڼץлҢ֣лҢûץסԱǸʿ֣ǳɹˣǳɹˣH6N9ЧҩƳˣ
ǸʿбۿлҢһۣĵ˼ƳЧҩû˵ǼɶЧҩûʲôϵ



116 һһʮվ
ۿЩڵH6N9һʧձϸ𣬻ٶڵ۾գˡ
лڣõʲôϳɵҩôô棬ǵʱŽH1N1Чҩϳɣ·߲ͨٶһϲ˵
лҢʵõ޾ժЦȻô˵ҵרأڲѧоҩѧ򡭡H1N1H6N9˵ͬһֵĲǴںܴģ˵ҩһ棬ΪH1N1ڵĶH6N9ڵĶ칹֮ǰЧҩ޷ǵH6N9ܾǵʵ۵ԭ򣬵üҩѧʵֻҪ΢СĸĶͿˡ
ôĵģٶ׷ʵ
лҢüһʱҲ˵ѾãͶTUGǱˣ֮ſɣ⣬ҩרҲרõؿѾˣһھͻнҩǱ˵ҩָܻҩûȷǰǴһк
ٶڣ
ѾˣרҲѾˣ⻹ʲôϵ
лڣ飬רЩôŪģٶЩģôôĿڱˣЧҩҲˣҪǲմ⡭İ
лҢʮ̹Ȼ˵õһЩݣҶǸҵĲҵʵԱȥˡڣģͲѧصݣһ㶼ûҪݻǼҩѧģӰ쵽ǺɹķҩרϣΪҪǺϳҩҩ̣ǵоûбȻϵֻ˻֣ڵߵλáǲѧоûʲôæøҹ
˵ʵҲϡƪµĹˡ
ҪҪ£Լдǣαȥˣ
ٶлҢ˵ĺרй֣ɫ΢ÿЩﻹǶлҢ˿
˻̫ҵЩ˱˵ĿһôʱݵʱǿһԥûУ
лҢЭҽѧԺ**ʵɹϢƼһݣҩַһݣҩƴѧУҲһݡ
ƼҩյлҢҪӼҩרϢ͵**ʵˣõлҢĿ϶֮Ͱŷ˳ȥ
ȰѾɽȺȶ˵
ҩƴѧУ֪лҢûپҽҩߵоԺһΣʶһ͵лҢϢڵϢʱУѾԸŸ嶼дˣлҢĵ绰һͰŸճȥ
Уľ飬ûоųɾŵİ֮ǰлҢһгɹóȻóˣǾ֤аա
ѾƳH6N9Чҩ⣬УлҢһЩϸڣ˵ҩзʵȡóɹûзʲôȽ顣
УıǣлҢҩзжôףҩƴѧҲһΪҩ۲ӡͨɡ˭֪лҢͬ˵
ǰǰһû˼СʱܷʲôȽ飿
ѧоЭҽѧԺٶŶģǵоΪǺڵо춨ʮҪĻûлٶŶӵоɹСҩѧҲô׾ͽɹ
ΪٶŶṩʮʵϣǺڵоûкķ̫ʱ䣬õϿʼҩʽȷõķʽһСʱ֮ҩƴѧʵ飬·ϺķʱĻһҲ߰˸Сʱ
ҩƴѧʦлҢлڣôЭҽѧԺĺأ
лҢ룬شһʮֳɹĽٶǹⲡѧоרңⷽ沢̫ԣǶ˸ԵĳڽĥϵĹУûгκε⣬лٶڵͨϡ
֣ҩƴѧʦ˲ͷˡ
лҢ֮ǰٶڿһѻûˣ˶װףٶڷоݸвȥҲƶ˵ʱ΢ʮ֡ʱذѹ˦лҢǳӶҪˡ
лҢ˵κһƸ߶ȿ϶˻ٶڿоɹʵȴǽٶڴӺڳɹƲ˳ȥǶԻٶ֮ǰСĻӦ
лڿͦᣬû뵽ƻͦ࡭ҩƴѧʦֹһ䣬ŸһЩܿͽŸ巢˳ȥ
հŸ廹ǰлҢ˵ҩƴѧûԭ趨õ裬ˡҩѧоչֳĳǿơ

Ѿˢҩƴѧϰߣû¾ˢһˢȹ΢ѻҪˢڿ졣
꣬һӾˢ˽ҩƴѧ·š
Ų豭ֶһ£һ²豭㵽ҳȥ֮΢˿þҽѧоĲˣøлҢҵȻԽҩƴѧּȻӸĶ֣Ǹûʤ㡣
ýҩƴѧ㡮ⱡȥ֮лҢΪлҢڽҩƴѧ
óֻͨлҢĵ绰߰˴Σ绰Žͨ
лҢǱߴе㳳ʣСлĶأôųµģ
ڸվأȡƱȥһسǡ
лҢˢ֤ȡ˸ƱĴҴҵҸϡ
ȥسǸʲôأʡ
лҢ𣺡ǣسǵһҽԺиҹȥɵΣ㿴ŵĻӦû֪иѧȭϱһ߳ˣƢȴദѳѪΪ˲תԺҽѧҽԺϵңҹȥϾֶ崴ҵĳ
ŶǸѧ˵ǱߵϣҲˡǰѧм˵΢һ⣬˵ӾͻѹȫѳѪģûĿܡСлУŻָãɲӲָǿȵĴǺͻһ£ؼڴϣһҽ
ˣСлһ£ǸH6N9רģûйѧߣʳʱεе̡
лҢһ£ε˼İɣоԱǾҽѧȫְܲҾҽѧˣҽѧһҩƴѧڶҽҩߵоԺĻЭҽѧԺģ֪ΪҽѧѧƽѧӰͷۣгɹ϶Ǿҽѧġ
ζʱ;ԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
ֶлҢ䣬ŹҶϵ绰ͷְԱлҢ֡
һ£ְԱЩĴڣ񾩴ҽѧִ͵Ŀѧϵ¸صϽڶվǾһλˡ
ÿֻʮЩʹϣصϡѾΪǱ򣬵뵽лҢΪҽѧͻףлҢһΡ



117 һһʮվ
ΪH6N9ԣҩعֱõлҢרڵһʱѡ˹ҩ豸ЧҩͶ
ЧҩԼٶʵȫ̻ɽõȹӦ
ڵH6N9ûH1N1ѲЧҩĹ£ԭزΣĲ˶ڼ̵ʱڵõЧƣԶֶΣ½½Ժˡ
ϰüĳƲ߽ɢ
ȻH6N9ûôֿݶĲܿԽڹ½½꣬Ҷڵһʱ˷߽𣬿Ҫɽһң˵ܲõģ
µǣH6N9һβ̵Ǳڣο͸Ⱦ˲֮󣬲ûзκε֢״߸˻عˣڶһȥҽԺһ飬H6N9
ҶʾοͣҪH6N9߷棬ϧû뵽ǣH6N9ѾΪǹҵH6N9ƴ
в͸ǽ
οûҪ漰ȫཡȫЧҩ϶ʲôļ۸񡢻Чҩʲôγ룬Ǿǻ˵ˡ
ЧҩӰȡƢҡθˡԼȱ顯ߵӰҪ

лҢ֪ƳġЧҩôӰѾسǣسǵһҽԺרҽԺ뾩ҽѧҽԺƽ֧ԮҽԱл͡
רϣѾҽ˵ļøлҢˡ
лҢ֮ʮֳء
ֻжʮ꣬زһٶʮУѾȽͣദѣ˵죬͵ҽԺ֮Ѿ˴Ѫ״ÿسǵһҽԺҽǳصģþ취Ѳ˵ȶ
ϧҽˮƽޣ˵ڶ񻯣ֻǶٶû֮ǰôˣ˶ѡ
лҢ˵ļ鱨涼һ飬ܿƶһҪ޲ĴΪܽ΢޸ģΪԲ˵ɶδˡ
ҼȴҪһŴлҢʾд˽һٶҩݸǼȴ򣬶ҩ׼⣬׼һ䵥ҩңǰҪһЩӦҩȻ׼Ѷȵģ׼ͺˣеҪһ顣Сʱ󣬲׼ˣ׼ٺ֭ˮϡͺܷҡ
سǵһҽԺҽû뵽лҢôҩһ֮ǰѾӾҽѧҽԺλҽλҽеᰡϵı¹ӲôѶȵҽӣֽɶ
ҽѧҽԺλҽ˵лҢҽԺСлһ롯лһл롯л񵶡Ⱥܶƺ˫ֿȣҽԺĴ档
ȥĩʱгǸԺʿҽԺôܶ˶˵Ժʿûˣ氩ڣǼƵĻΰλɽʮСʱĸǿӲһ˾ͽ̨Ѷȵĸαһⶼû
ɱСλ˵Ĵӣҩ϶ᱻҽԺҽƵרߴĦ³ҩ漣̫ˣ˲վǳֱʡ
سǵһҽԺҽлҢĹ¼֮ҩͬʥּһæȥץҩˡ
ǵ˵лҢνҩȫ˸ɷƬװһԹУ˼ѹɺѹţɣȵʿʱ޾ҡ
Ӱƴ򿪡
лҢԼ׼غɫɷƬóݸǻʿԸÿСʱ˵·һƬǩ˵ͷͿһ֭
ЩҽԱлҢΪʲôҪǰ׼֭Ϊ˴̼ߵҺڡ
УһڴӺһֱ괦лҢ־ͬǰúóĻеֱһ㣬׼ػһֱߡ
΢ϣȻٵָķֶξõĶǻܽѪелߡ
ʱһһعȥֻʣ˵ĺԼлҢһ

ֹѪǯ
עҺע

ǻϡ
лҢĹ߷ŵ޾У΢һ¼ͲվһλϵҽΪлҢϣлҢ߿һ׼÷ߣͼлҢҡͷ˵
ϰɣ˿̫ˣһķַǻᱻСһ̫Ị̇ҾƤ·ϵķʽָ֮˰̿Ų̫ԡ
һǾҽѧҽԺģлҢһ̨ȫȨѲϡˣʣлҽѾʮСʱʱ賿ĵˣܳԵĲˣܹһͲˣܹܵ˰̺ÿÿ
лҢָһ˻ֵͦߵģвܻɣҷϹ죬ʮӣ˿ھͷϺˣȥһ²˵ĿǻҩûУûеĻ͸һƬ˿ڸˣע΢һˮҪ֤Ƭá
֮󣬵ûȥ˯˵ùҪأʮСʱڲܳκζҲעҩȷҸƬɣĻʮСʱ֮󣬲˵ʶͻָˣʱٸĻָж֮ҩ
һȥ죬лҢϸķʼһ
ҽУϹÿһ붼ҪСһСķϴλлҢȴҪһָֻƽ˿ڣһַֻɿ룬˿ֻܿһ̫ԵѪߡ
˿ڷϺãٽ˿ϵҩĨϣɴá
˱ƳңлҢ˳һҹĲ˼Χʣҽҽôеþ𣿡
лҢվʮСʱеᣬеҲе룬ǿžش˻߼⡣
ܳɹĻ֮ڣ˾ͻѹʱȷһƷסˣԷģڻһãҺۣҪϢ
˼Ǻˣóһ·лҢȥϴԡϸϴ˸ˮ裬΢˽ⷦԼ·ȥسǵһҽԺԱҸƵס£ȥúõ˯һ֪سǵһҽԺȥ귢ŵˣлҢȻ˲ˣȴԼ˽ȥӲлҢס˸߸ɲרŵĻʿÿʮ鿴һлҢ״̬лҢֻԵ̧ҡ
лҢǱڲϵġ
ֻԵôÿζ֣лҢ˯˽ŸСʱʱѾˣȵȥ˲ڵĿңһʿҪ˲ݣȲݣŵҲ˸С
ߵĸأһ㲣µ༫ϳлҢǸԼҶǸרңǿžлҢҽҼҺӵô֮ǰҽѾ²Σ֪ͨˣԷǰʿ˵ҼҺӵֺתˣ˵˺ҽ
лҢ˻ĸ׵Ľţο˵ֹۣټһϣ糿ĸָһֱڻָĻҾͿԿ϶˵ѾΣˣֻ֮Ҫעһ㣬¾ָܻ˵ˮƽ
ǻߵĸ׽ʣ糿ʱָûлָأ;ʲôأǲҼҺӻû취˵˵ţߵĸ׾Ϳ޳
лҢƺǳ⻼ĸ״ſͨö죬Ҳ˷ۣѾɹ磬˿϶ܿΣмʲô⣬ٸҩصѾˣʲôѵΣҲȥ˯ɣлʿϣɱ޶ûãԼˡ۴èһϡ
ߵĸлҢŨطɫĿ󣬹Ȼ˲٣۴ЦЩ˼޶ˣ˯ţôһ޶Ϊسǰַ˭֪μӸֱҲûҪΪ˼ٿǮȥĵزҪ˺ҽҺֶûˡ



118 һһʮվ
ܳɹ߶ûлҢԤʮСʱѹˣʿͬЩԼ߼Ÿˡ
ôʻһôܵڶʮꣿ
ҽ⻼²Σ֪ͨʱ򣬲˼ᣬԼЩ˵ļ̾ˣָҲ֪˶˿
ò˵׶ҽŶˮƽǸߣ
лҢÿ춼Ǹߵ״ÿ鲡״ʱ򣬶һ䡮𣿡
ǲ˸տʼʱ˵ԼлҢͷĻǾٵȵȡ
ʲô
һͷˮ
лҢʹ֮󲻾ãǸ˾͸о˼ȵڶлҢʵʱǸѾˡ
лҢǻߵĶڹУЦŵ˵ͷָĻԻҩˣҸõҩٶ죬ͿԳʳˡ϶ű㣬˱ѪǶżһ㶼ѪЩѪһ֮ǰѺеģҲһЩвģõġųѪǾ͸Ͻҽκεĵġ벻֡
лҢȥҩҸһɫװҺõˮƿУµҽǣһٳһƿһ١
سǵһҽԺ֮ĻʿѾϰлҢҩԼְҩˣǸЩ˱ǩÿҩʱ㣬ᶣСӳҩ
֮Сӵɫ֮ǰһЩʼʳʳлҢСÿٷóʲôϸĹ滮һʮĹ滮ãߵĸףĹ滮ҪԱĶ̾Ƽ
ҵݹ滮ԣʮ֮Ƣϵ˿ھȫϣֻ֮Ҫע⣬˶ҪʳͲʲô⡣Ҫǲҵݹ滮ԣǼҳ뵱ȻظŪһЩ˵ĸŹЩܻ˵ƢθɱȽϴѹʱָܾͻһЩ
СڹŹһȦҪسǵһҽԺʱ˾ҽѧҽԺҽŶӣСѾүǶȥˣ߼һѡٺңлҢĶߵĸ׾ͬӵʥּһСذлҢµĵӴڴ
һֵװڴŵӸŪóֻһš
ֹһߵĸ׵ԼֻᶪֶߵĸҲһš
󣬻ߵĸ׻ǵӪʳ׻⣬ֱӷȦ϶Ȧߴð˴̶æһ£һֻˣҲ
ôһ޷ǲ˼Ｋȱȫаˡ
ŲתΣΪлҢ㷵ؾǡ
ٻȥǰȥһ֦ͳļң֦ĳһӲˣСԶһǳ֦Сһͬȥĸվ
ĿлҢ˼Ʊڣ֦ͻȻ˵һ䣬Ȼе㲻ģҲͦõġ
֦һۣʣиôĹŮ㻹ʲôòĵģ
Ҳô㣬ҲǱӦܵĹϵҿʱеˣҲǺ͵һʲô˵ˣǸоԽԽԶ˰ɣڷ絲꣬ѾûǸˡ
Ц뺢ӡ븸ĸĽнԶⱾ·ϱҪһ̡ǶԺӻǶԸĸǶ̫ǿռǴܵѪԵϵǶǵĸ壬ǵ˽
ΪŮǶԸĸģҪǵʱ򣬾㣬Ϊڵٷ꣬;ڵٷꡣ
Ϊ˸ĸǶŮģǾȥǣͷıɡǵһҪߵøߡɵøԶһҪѵط֣һζǣǣҰ븸ĸ֮һ񡣡
ǶѡҲ֪ڡҪĶѡһѡжôܡҰһĶеĶЩТ˳ĺ˵Ұ븸ĸ֮ѡһͬһһǵĸĸŵ⡢
ǵδܳԶܻķ粨ǿ϶Ҫһ뿪磬޷Ϊǰеķ궼סεģ˵εĵطΪ˸ĸ㲻ܸ֧֣ҲһҪΪӵķꡣѾˣֺαȥΪأ
ºʱһֱ룬ºΪʲôԸףԸ飿ȻһֱûףѾһЩ²⡣
һֲ²ǣºԼϲˣǸϲ˲ӦҲȥͣȥһԼϲͬ빲ô϶ԸΪǸϲˣڵȡºӺܾȲҾܻһֱȥֱһ죬ͨ
һֲ²⣬ºϲˣǲ׵ˡ˵֮ѹиίԼԼţҲ֪Ǻӵ⣬ôȥƻȥ
֦÷ֵʱͷ֡ҪҢһЩĶƵظעѹע븺㿴ϣжĽҢѾˣûҪҪ֣ΪҲûﵽֵˮƽô
ڳĲ£֦Ľڽˡ

ʮѧȭбһ߳˵Ϣý屨֮󣬱֪
ΪһЩԵʣ¼ѾˡΣձӦӦֹĸ߶ȡ
Ǵѧָһܺõͬ£سǵһҽԺⷢϢ
سǵһҽԺӾҽѧҽԺ˼õרŶӣлҢԲ˿չʱ䳤ʮ߸Сʱ޲ܳɹ˵ָҲʮֳɹĲѾܹʳ𲽻ָ
ͼǴѧڲϺСƬ
ѵʱըˡ
ͷһܾ֮Ⱥõģҵ찡лҢϱһʹɣзҩĻβ
ҸǿƢ֮ȥģлҢ꣬˵Ҹܱ[][][]
ٶ༸лҢһĺҽɣ
лҢʲôʱо֢𣿿Ųסˣ@лҢң
ʮ߸СʱûмǴĻǰлҢһʮСʱ۵εң˺þòУǶΪˡβҽְһҪԼ壬ֻҪ㳤꣬Ƴĺҩθ˰
λѵĻֱӾͽ¥ѷ׷ܵлҢ΢棬лҢϧԼ壬ȡҩ
лҢѾϰ΢ʱʱҪ𶯺һδע˵˽Լ@۵ȶΪģʽ·һ΢
ʲôҪҩ΢ۣҶ࿴˵ۣһĻ͵ޣҪظۣǰҩ£һơ
΢öûãһ۵ĵһǧ
ǣŮ񿵿ҪȵѷŮŮʲôҩֻҪŮ񿪸Ա꣬һɣͷѷŮ߱΢󣡡



119 һһʮվ
лҢȶߵǡѷԴϻصһʺ
ڵѷѾô
ϸԼھҽѧѧòͷͦϡġ
ʵѷʲô⣬ֻͷŸ˵һźšڵƽѾƻˣҪϽҽεʱܻСɴ󲡡
ҽһ仰Сٻڼס˼һ̺Ųǿ϶ڡסϣνļףָж˵ָסëˮۼ׵ȵơ
ڴͳĻУҲСëסһ˵
ͷΪɫףӦУˮӯתֱݽߵḶ́ԴеġˮСҲǸˮ࣬ӦģͳҽѧгԺڶ׺֥鲹˵
лҢ룬ΪڵĽٲġ
עṫ˾һŲͨƷôﶼûһϸ̣ô죿
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Դӹ֮󣬳ºƺæѾܾûлҢ䷹ˣлҢʡһӣǲ˵ĳЩóºˣ
ϧʲôûзʡ
лҢиŵ㣬벻ͨͲȥˣʱ⣬ʱ⡣
ºͨ绰ųºһлҢǵǸԼҪ˵ˣºڴӦֻҪлҢ䷹
£ƽʱһпȥ׼ʳģʱ౸ϵ㶫΢ǰ˵һȥˡɷнµغ˵ôҪǲҰ죬ҾͲ䷹ˣ
ºٺЦŹҶϵ绰įҵڣȥǶ䷹

ºİЧһظߣһʱ䣬ͽӪҵִյ̸
Ϊҽҩȡķ룬лҢҽִҵʸ֤ԵҪٽʲô룬ֻ̫
лҢ򿪵ԣעΪĳ֮󣬷˷Ŀ棬ĤϼܣȻĳӷŵ΢ϡ
ѸպˢлҢ΢Ӿȥµ۸֮󣬱Ǹ߰ļ۸һҧҧµˡ
һٴͷֿѾ㡣
ΪлҢע˹˾Ĥ࣬ȦЩùлҢƷԱתлҢ΢
лҢ΢ܿˡ
лҢڵĿ治࣬Ҳ㿿׬ǮֻǳʱһܰﵽˡԵ
Ѹӿ̼Һ̨ĶлҢ˳ǣҪѶƳҪѻƷȥͻʵʱ򣬻Ҫרۺ
룬΢һ¡
ԸҿԱ𣿹ʱ⣬ƽʱֻҪҩĲɹԼΪƷ࣬һ˼ɣڱְܼ¹ǧҵɡ
λǶŽVлҢģ϶ᱻ˵΢̣˵׼־ٱ
΢лҢģɾͲһˡ
˵ˮ¥̨ȵ£лҢԱ򹤣ܲõһֻԴ
ûʱ䣬лҢ˽ͱˣлҢ𵽿ٵֻԼ΢ԱԱһ󣬻΢Ȧأ
ʱлҢ΢ˣһϢ˽
ޡҿ𣿱ҵ֮Ҵ׶һҸģѾڳﱸˣʱȽϳԣϣܰﵽ㡣
ͷġԷ롭˺һлҢɿǲǴ˰µʱϢ˽
ޡԵĻϣܹõݹ׶ѹеҪְһѹ
лҢһߣȻ޵ľҾΣȻеƫϵģҿ˵׶һҸġܿ
лҢҲûͱ㴰ֽԱ˺ź޷˹ȥȻͬ˵һַҰѶ͹ȥǮ˻棬ֱԼ˿ԱѶȥͺá
޺ܿͷһλ
ټ棬Ѿ˵ķʽദˣһ䣬˭ûж˵һ䲻ĻлҢѶ˿ޣԼȥҽѧˡ
ϸµúܣлҢ֪£лҢĳװһ飬Ȼﲻֹʴ콢ˮƽ뿴ˡ
֪лҢԼǸԱжôЧõĤ򵥴ֱװ˲ƿУͬװһƿ̱һɫ΢ƫƺɫװϹͬװһӵʺ
лҢԱȫȨίи˿ޣ޳յʱѧpsֵʱЩ׾࿴һЩƵ㽫Щװ˳лҢʣװлĿ֮ǰĿЩˡ
лҢĻظֻһ֡áԼĳƵİװпҪá

֮Ҫĳ꣬лҢȤû뵽ҵĺͦߡ
һʱ䣬ҽѧǱ߾кܶоԱʹϵһЩ˶ʿŤŤܹʣлڣĲʿܹõ𣿡
پµֵҲholdסһŵк
лҢһͱ˺üʮΣ֮¸޷Ϣÿ޹òϣϿҹƳһ
ڱĤûг㣬ûʵ
ĳϼˣлҢûӦòһֱĳ꿴ʱֱ˵ĳУȥľУϧ㲻㡣
ʮӣͱ㡣
лҢֻѾ˯ŵĿҲͻȻʼ򵥵ѣ˯ۣŹǷȥЩϢʮŵȫ꣬Ǵ豸ֹͣ
ô˯أ̫ˡ
޵ڶ˸磬һ̵⣬лҢʱлҢһ̵⣬糿ˣ㳢
лҢǳԹ緹ųţȻ̵ͦ㣬ʵڳԲ£ֲ˼ֻܾܽһ̵ţȥʵ֮󣬾ͷָһȺ˶
æû緹͹ˣһ̵⣬ʱо˶˹ű±׷лҢпл⵰Ķģζã֮ǰ򵽵ĵ⻹Ҫζá
͵ģӦ򲻵ҳϧ
лҢغøʵԽд߰˸Ŀͬغ˵߰˸Ŀ㶨ȻͶȥͿ׼ʿѧλˡҴЩдƪ³ٶӦñ죬һЩڿԼ壬д֮ǵøҿӦòײеĵطеĻǾܿҰ޸ġ
һ߰˸Ŀ˶ˣлغѹôôҺͶʱҲдƪİ
غǸ̤ʵŬͬǿ£Ͷһ㶼˿ཻ֮˵յĶܹո룬˽Ķջ϶һЩغĶԼģӽ̸оܿͶо߼Ǵڶ̰ģغĿ߼һͰҸҸ߰˸ĿȥдΪɣڸĿʱҾ͵ÿôܿǵĶ̰ˡ
Щ̵ҭסߺԭһֱ֪͵
ⲻϻôĿ߼γɻˣǸᣬǸᣬ֣Ķ̤̤ʵʵ꣬϶ٷĵͼ󣬵зɵô
ÿ˵·Լ߳ģغ̤ʵģҾͶַµģҲٷѵġ
оڵоĪЩ飬ڿɶǰնġﻥ͸ԵѹأҶΪһУû뵽лҢһС
ϸ룬
һƪ£ͬ˿϶вͬ⣬ͬС˵һЩ˾ĳЩˣܺ߸ͬܣĳһ֡ݣͻпЩ޷ֹͨ飬Щݣ͸оˮϺˮ
ÿ˵Ļһܲͬһױ׼ǿѡݣֻԼȥϸϸζѧʲô˻ء
Ҳһ˻ģԼһᣬ˲ģԼƫƫsoeasy



120 һٶʮվ
ʣغǱȲϰȺͶģΪغ㣬̤ʵصԵʣŵİȺͶȻһʱƣҲˡ
˿ĻûоʿѧλĴغȰȺͶ̫࣬д격ʿģؽһо㶨ʵӭһʱٿ˵ˮƽ˭˭;˵׼ˡ
ȱлҢһĬĬ̵ع̨Ϸʵȥˡ
ĿǰΪֹغѾ׷ˣȶҲûټƪغ߰ƪд꣬Ķţ
ҪǷڱĿ飬߰ƪ㹻üˣغǸлҢодٲ˳¶Ը㶨ЩˡȾԼܺܿҪغbattleȥˡ
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лҢھҽѧŶȻ޷ͬУѧʮλĴȣѧǿ·ϵġǡѰĿйֲĿйʿ棬ŶھҽѧӰѾܸˣ˵оŶѾ;ҽѧһŶμػ˿ҽѧ˶ʿʿĬԼлҢ˶ʿʿͬһˡ
Щ֪ԼʲлҢ֮Ҳϴ󲿶ӵĽȣﻹûôܣЩ֪ԼȽϱ޷лҢЩѧһƴҲԼ˸İĽڣЩÿ춼ŬԸҲ˾ܶˡ
ʲôǱȲлҢ˶ʿʿ
Ϊʦ̫ˣ
лҢĿ飬ȫǵʦְֵѧлҢѧӦÿЩף˵Щѧغãѧ򵥴ֱϿе·أ
ʦܵģһĵĵʦǻãʱ򣬵ʦڴϸһָһЩҪܰƽ⣬˵ȥĿʵ豸ʦӣѧ豸Ҳ㣬ʦҪûӣֻŶŵĵϡ
һĲôǿĵʦѧϴ󾢶дһƪܻᱻʦϣһȥ
֮лҢо̫ˣָ·лҢǶţѧоʲô⣬ܺܿõлҢڽҩƴѧǱ߰ҽҩߵоԺӵйҽѧҩѧо漰ȫ豸ѧҪʵ飬ֱӺлҢкͿԣϲŶӣ㲻ͬŵʵ飬ͬлҢкȥ伸ʵ飬Ҳ鲻˶ãлҢĿϲȱѣѧ뷨µѧû뷨ѧ뷨ȴû㹻ִ
лҢоǾǽȥˣֻҪѧԼŬһ̫ʵӾȺغ
űȽˮһĵʦǿܾͲǵʦѧѧർʦˣѧŵʦָԼĺоʦѧԼϽࡢϳԺʿ
˱˵Ȼӡ
лҢÿղ˶ʿȫſ޶ƾҽѧٷ֮߰ʮԴӿлҢȥ

ͰȸлҢ΢Ⱥл飬ڶ׶ΣѾ΢Ⱥоڵˣ۹⣬оȱģҲ
λҪھҽѧߵһؾǲʿ󿼺ˣʿ󿼺˿ĺͻ
Ȼ˵ˮƽ΢һİȣ˶ʿʿУǶߵѹڻϡ
Ȼѧ롶ǰȺͶ־ڱصõģΪо΢Ⱥѧ߾ôܹоͷģֻаȺͶԼλĵʦлҢ
һ㶼ᾭһרäĽ׶Σͺѧλһ
˵ǡä󡯣ʵרǶѩ۾Լһ͸ģҶͬһȦо˭оɶܣЩרǻõĻ߻֮󣬾ܲµĸðġ
ǶͰͶȥ˵ä󣬵ϵѾָȥˡ
лҢ԰ȺͶرģͰҲʮþȣȻĽ˶ɵˡ
ƪûһ
лҢҰȺͶҪר֮ޱظһۡһɺԡ
ͰȻǸлҢĲʿоϵĲʿʦΣҲһֱλѧ֪λѧĻ𶼱֮𼱻ǵлҢİ칫ңʣСлǲǵʲôˣ
лҢ⣬ʣôô˵
Ϊ󲿷ֶǸݲʿĸĳģСźСоڹڶͷһݡˣֳɹܱαлҢѧȦڶ˶ʮ꣬Щʶ١
лҢ̫Ѩаɣ취ܽġ
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ΣͷлҢϵĽһۣ°ͶЩ
ƣƣƣƼ̨СлôܽƼ̨ˣε۾ɵ
лҢͶͰȱҵǴΣϵ˵ҸһЩģ͸ҿȨޡҲϵͳֻǰʱûգһֱûڷ󣬿ɲ͵õǽܰѶͰpkĻ𣬶ʲôˮƽ
лҢϵĶ൱죬㿪һɨһĿֽݴͷβɨһߣֱӵڡǷͨˡһѡˡ񡯣רд
٣оݴͺԣ۹ѧŶͽڵĿѾһչϸо֤ɼǰĵ۹ѧѧ
ڣʵƴشȱݣ׶εʵ޷ֽ׶εʵ鼼ɣ
ۣѷĲΪ֧Ųϣѷĵĵƪݴɡ
лҢύⱾϾ͵ڷϵˡ
ѾŲлҢ󣬼лҢɿ֮󣬵㿪˵ڶɨһĿæСлӲҪ񶨰ҽѧԼ˵Ļһ飡
лҢɨһ֧Ųʣǲǹ׷ǱߵǸʿģ
εͷǣд֮Ϲ˻Ұæ޹ءӦûʲôɡ
лҢ൱ǿص˵ͷûУСһѡ⻹̸ĴԣЩ˶µ𣿹˽йⷽоˣҪǿ΢һЩܹȥɽأǸƨ
лҢڡǷͨһѡˡ޸ĺˡȻֱӴԼĿϵͳеһݲο¼ճ߽ѧо
Σ֪ȥ˲˶ʿʱҽҩѧǸɱ֡˭ˣ˭holdס˱׼
лҢѾ㿪˵

һ죬ҽҩѧѧȦѪɺӣ֪ѾյͨʼյһԡܱǸ֪ͨΪͷʼ
һ죬ҽҩѧרѧ߳ΪǺɫһ
лҢȷʵСйߡɣĿģǸЩѧһĶ⡣
ѧȦܹóֵģֻѧɹЩŪٵĶ



121 һٶʮһվ
ֱԵĸо͸ˡ
лҢԼһֱϿ̤ʵʵ顢ڿѧһֱһ˿̬ȣóĳɹһᱻ˿üһأû뵽Ȼڹˡ֡
ЩɹŵϣҲǿԱɡϿɵİ
лҢ֪˭ˡ֡˰ͷϣһХ˶֪ȻúֶùǾ˶ù
ĿгɹվӦе̨ϣѵЩǫ̀ĶԼ£
лҢЩ֮ǰһֱһֻ۱һֻ۵ģƾһ˵ѸıҲϣԼı䣬ϣЩǵĶմȾ
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ä󡯵ĹǿƼģлҢõ˺ֻ̨ǿƼһȨޱȽϸߵĺ̨ǿƼڲԱܿĺ̨ʶƼְԱܿ˭˵İȺͶĻ𣬵лҢ
˵ܲܿνˡ
ǹ׼ѻǹС𡯰ɣ
Щоȱԡ©ԼʵٵĻлҢһûֱ֣Ӿѡˡܾ¼áָ֮
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ǿƼҲ㹻ȥȥ
˰˵ǮĿϣһ˷ѡ
лҢط񶨻ӣƼ˿ͬѩɽһĻеɵۣϽ½̨плҢϽлҢ˵绰
ƼʣлڣǸʲôôô𶼷񶨵ˣ
лҢֻ¼ܴ򿪣͵Щ⣬Ҳ֪ʲôרģܶоݶǱѾоģɹҲͷˣóоʰô
һЩṩԵʵ٣֧۾ݾ⣬ô֧źоⲻƭǮô
ҽЩ¶ᵽˣвѧλģؿһ£ȻЩѧ˵ĳɹȥǰܻĿɾȫѧߵѧˡ
ƼǸ绰лҢԭְԱҿˡ
лҢᵽ⣬ÿһǡɱֻҪһǾǾԲ¼õģǹ涨
Ҷϵ绰֮󣬿ƼǸְԱתͷͺͬ²ۣҽѧǸĽڣлҢǱΪǲҽҩѧƸרҵǸ֪ʲôǹҩˣڷû𿪵Ͼǿֱƹȥˣݲ
ͬ룬ʣлҢû𣬻Щѧû㿴ǲĻ˸ˡ
Ӧðɡ
Ǹרôһ飬ǡ
лҢʿȥ궼Ϊһƪ㲩ʿˣͶƪ𶼱ˡ
ƼְԱܿרҵģصȥһ£ĸרҸ˰ȺͶĻ𣬺ܿͲ鵽ˣȻȥǸרԼ¹ŵĻԼѧĻ𡭡󣬿ƼְԱϵ񾭶鴤ˡ
λרӦֱȽϻᾭӪϵģĻ֮ǰõ˺ܸߵۣˮ׼ֱͨлҢˮлҢ൱ֱָԲ㡢ݴٵ⣬ո˾鶼ǡ޸ĺ󡯣ǡܾ¼á
ֻأĹ˭
ɴܣꡭϧЩԵ޹ʱˣѾѻõˣֱлҢˣ׸һλлҢ绰ְԱ˵
һλְԱƲǿϧ𣿿лҢۣǰѻֻǵĹʧ󡣿˾ͿˣҿлҢֱʹ㣬治ҪϴѧôʹЩϿʼץɣӬϻһץץ١
󣬿Ƽͽѧ˵ļʽ·ҽѧҩѧΪĵĴȻѧȦ
֪ƪ˶ʿʿı壬صεʦְͣ顭ǽһɹ
ܶѧ߶±Ƶġ
ҽѧοһ֡˽Ҷѡĸо
֮ܳ⣬û֪ⳡѧߵѧȦԴͷлҢϣԭĻʵ˵ĸһЩԭлҢʿ˲ƽ
ָоܹ֡
žǴΧһӳԷԼϣ۸лҢֻ۸һлҢġСͽܡлҢСͽܵķֻӬлҢֱӰѷˡ
ĵң˾ͶԷ
ű±Ŵ⣬һѱ±ϣӹ﷭һļȾܡ
СлҪǾҽѧĻ𰡡İǧǧҪ飡н⣬ǧһŶӶǨŭˣв۰Ͱ͵ؿлҢ
лҢڶŻϵͳеЩģ׼ǶţֻҪģҿ϶ῨǴԲ֣ҸĶ޸ĺ󣬵Ҫǳѧԭ⣬Ǿͱ˵϶Ǿܾ¼á
ʱĥѧ￪λᣬǿһѧغѧµ⡣øַڵϣʱطˣܱȵʱ˽ҷǿɣ
лҢͷһӿ꣬д¡ͨָŵĻƪ𣬴ԲǺܺãߵĻʵ֧Ųϵ۾ҲԼд£ЩҶݻʵҲû⣬˼Լо̤̤ʵʵһЩССĹԼĳɹҾԲῨΪֳɹ֮󲻻ˣҲ˷ѹҵǮ
ЩҪôǼٴգҪôǼ٣۾Ǽٵģѡ֧ŲϺԼо˸ӴŹϵ˵ԼҪа̵оо״ﳶһֵİ̲״Լ̲˻ойϵ𣿡
εɫ̫ԣлҢ˸ۣǸӾǾҽѧģ˲ҹϵǱ֮󣬾;йˣѧѧߣõóֵֻԼѧɹ
Ǹͨƪд̲ôôüޣȻѻ̲жôüޣõ˵Ҳ֪̲ҪˣдڻݣӦʲôоͨʲôоֶΣȥʵʲôоĿģǼٴյһס
˵ֲҪˣҲ֪ҪˣƾʲôĿˣƾˣȴ뷨ûУ
κ˵Ǹֶġ
лҢ·ҷһˣ⻰ӲѵߵĻ˻ȥȻͬ˵ɵúֶ˵˵ˣѧˣ̡
TUGƪģٰɣTUGΪҾھҽѧûƪ͵ϣҪ͵ֱӾ͸ˣȰԭʼҿһظʵ顣
̫ˣֶӿѧΨ壬һǶԵģƴƴһ׶ϼӳ룬ƪҿˣû̫⣬ȻĻͱƷˡ



122 һٶʮվ
ϵıѾҲסˣ˺һ˵Слǹھôһ̵Ǹ飬ǿģϵҲҸͨģҶô㣬Ҫǲô㣬е㲻ȺˡӰ첻ˣӰ쵽Լ
ôӰ첻ˣһĻ鶼ͨͰдôõĻͨˣ⻹Ӱ쵽˱ˣ
ΣңȺʲôȺЩֶͬѧǴģӦ汾ȺͶĻΪʵҺԹԣһ仰˵
ڡҾͺ˵ʵɣǵҲùҽҩߵоԺԼǮĿѶ೤ʱ䣬ʱһṫ̬ĿǱˢģ
лҢҲվ˵ˣһٿΡ
൱ͷۣ̫ѨʣСлôˣ˸Լ֮⣬ʲô壿
ûʲô壬ͼԼˬ죡ԼѧˣôȥĻȴˢҾҪЩ˿ƼܣҾͰͱȥعֺΪ
ҸջعʱأǹÿͶ뵽ҽҩзʽǹ屶ʮΪʲôǹҵЧҩƷһֱò֣ǹоҽҩ˶𣿡
ˣվõĿ˳⣡øûڵϣ˹ҵΣΣŴƷȥЧҩȥβأһȺһоݶϹȻΪ飡
лҢǺˡ
ζлҢ˺һҡͷ˳ȥĸ֣չۡ
ĸش̼лҢ񾭡
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лҢԼϵѧ˶ʿʿȫһ飬ȦһЩЩѧǰҵ
˶ʿʿټҸΪϳһЩʣܻ뿪ҽѧǰҵĴ㣬ҽ龡ѧλдꡣ
һǶתĽ£ģڵƷŵùģ֮ڿ·⣬Ҳʱۡ
ЩڶĲʿǣȥʿĴ㣬ҿԸдţȻҵһЩУҲԣֻҪҽҩѧоڹŵΣҿߵĽӦöá
˶ʿĲʿȫʿܻѣⲻ⣬ǿȹҵҽҩߵоԺȥȫְʿԼǮѧίͬľѧҵ
ȻҲ޳ɴҵһΪƾ豾ѧλԼеĳɹȥ룬뵽ĻᣬֻȫȽѣ⣬ҴӦǽ
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ǲɹ¾ͳΪЦˡ
лҢ벻׵ǣƼġä󡯹򾿾ʲô壿дĻôãΪθͨ˹ϵ̵ǸõȫAһλרҵһºȺͶдĻȥҶ⣬Բ⣬ڹȴpassˣ
ž˵¸ҩлҢΪǸҩǸϡ
֮󣬾˶лҢ
ȥ˶ʿڹڶ˶ʿ͹֮⣬˶ϣлҢȥɡ
лҢ˶ʿת׷ڣ׷СлҪ𣿡
лҢ˶٣ͷ˵ɡ
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лҢЦЦһΪ·Ϊıƽ˽ڣʺˣΪҲȱǵҲȱǵǮھҽѧΪȱǮȱǵ㹤ֻԼﵽˡ
׷룬ϵĸһһȥаɣ֧㡣ģתѧҲԴġ
лҢģָҩƴѧУ쿵Ժʿһ绰ȥ˵Լְ顣
Уԥ˺һͬлҢ˵СлǽҩƴѧԲ㣬ӣߵ˸ģҲϢ
лҢ
ţֶεˣϵĿĿɾ𣿲ҵĿùǴҾͶùˡ
УлҢ˵һͷˮʼ䣬лҢǱѾҶ˵绰
ڶ죬лҢ΢Ͼ͹ҳһݳļ
ʵٱѧ󡪡Թҽѧ硢ҩѧΪ
ļһʮҳϸҽѧ硢ҩѧѧԼ⣬ܶѧȦĸĴţڶֱˮ
лҢ൱𺳣ҽƴĳλѧƴͷˣҽҩѧʮ꣬ҵҵ٣˶ʿĿʼѾƪٻˣĲʿģٵŵѧϵ£һȫ٣
лҢʵٱģٱҲֱӱ֡
һʱ䣬϶ըˡ
һ˽ʮ绰ѧȦڵѣЩ˴绰εĵһ仰ǣѧˣ⵽ڸʲô
οлҢһ΢ֶȻûбδм仹ǿлҢ̡ԼǴ
Ҳ֪ô󰡡ΰлҢʵٱݶȻϽԼ绰ҽѧٿ顣
ڻϣοһǸԭлҢȴŵλã˵һǿԤϵģڽһʱѧȦڿ϶ϴлҢǷǾҽѧĳЩоԱҲзݶһԲ顢ʡԾԸġ
ЩлҢɷʵٱеоԱЩŻһѪˣɫѿġɥ
˲֪лҢΪʲôҪôæͬ˴ǡһ֪ģµԭίͱԭ˳
ðֶΣѸлҢоĶͰĻˢлҢŭһֱ֮ˢ˾ųɵĻô֮ŭûƽϢֽʮ׵Ĵ󵶿Щڰв֡
ûв©ǽԭίܿͱ˳ȥ
ҿƼչĸίȶಿŵһʱӦƣְ̣רŵĹ飬лҢʵٱ漰Ա飬֤ʵϢ
ѻ𲻽ҽѧҩѧѧҲ
һʱ䣬ЩйоԱΣ޲ðлҢҡ
лҢˣѾ򾩴ҽѧͽҩƴѧݽ˴ְţϢµʱ䣬ȻǰѧӿƼнӵʮĿû꣬ûѧˣĿҪŬһ㣡
ҽѧְŵǸ쵼һлҢͲϵ̾ջڴְϸ¡
ҩƴѧУ쿵Ժʿһͬܵ˾



123 һٶʮվ
쿵ԺʿлҢĵһ仰ǣΪʲôҪְ
лҢû뵽쿵Ժʿôʣе죬ͱô¨ӣְĻӰ쵽ҩƴѧġ
ûдȻûдΪʲôҪְҺˣְ룬ҩƴѧǲӦġúøɣĸɣӦôְЩѧ˵ˣеֱƾʲôְѵˣ
лҢͣǣʲôµģһȺ·ϵں֮ڰˡֻǲ۽ҩƴѧǾ׼ҵĴְɣҽѧѾ׼ˣҴȥǱߴһӡ
쿵ԺʿУһְۣǲģȥǱߴţνֻҪعչҩƴѧĴԶ㳨š
лҢҡͷЦҾǲ۽ҩƴѧ
쿵Ժʿ˵֮ԱǣʲôۣиͬѱӦͬгɹʱǷذѽҩƴѧŪһ㶯ΪԱͰˣ붼룬ҩƴѧȱ£
ߣһµģѧоӦϽһЩЩѧ˵ˣӦ̡Ϊǵѧ˼п󵼺ܶˣɿѧоİʯСлǶ֪·ߣҩƴѧԸվһ𣬹ͬѧ˵Ըڽҩƴѧ𣿡
лҢ˵ͷӦ
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лҢӾҽѧְϢܿûãҩƴѧҲŷͨ档
Уѧˣѧ١
ףлҢڵУҩѧϵϵΣУҩѧϵͬ9ʽʼ
Ϣһɵ۵Ǿ
лҢ˾Ĺȥҩƴѧˣ
лϽӸҽԺҽѧһˣΣô׼ְˣ
ҪߣµĻ̫ˣϰѹ߳ɵоŶӶˣܼҪǾҽѧ֮ڹҽѧҩѧʹ粽ˡ
εɫÿӦģлҢ̴ֶͨϵõHIV顣
лϽѵҽѧµǾǹȨоŶӣҪЩССϺ뷨𣿸οίͬʱ֣Ҫѧ߳ɵоŶӶҪ꣬ʲôã
¹ǳѧ߻ǧ˽ڣһմѧٵ۵㣬ְҵľͷˣõſЩ˵𣿵ĵˣ޿ɷ飬ҲÿЩ˷㵣ģȫһ飬ЩϾҪ군ˣ
ﱾһը㼰ʱѧˡѧ**ףǾҽѧܹθ࣬أ˸ˣҩƴѧվ˳˸ҹȥˡίǱ߶Խҩƴѧ൱⣬ҽѧľ󣬶Ϊ鱳˺ڹ
һ˵𾩴뵽ʲôǾ**лҢԭʲôлҢͬѧˡѧ**սˣΪʲôҪлҢΪҲѧ˺ѧ**ˣ
лϽһߡ
ίϷ£ľЩлҢʵٱרѧߣֱ󴸵ôҴʦλڡѧƴͷˡֹҼĿϯѧҡֻҪӵѧ**ѧ˵ģȫ
дְͣͣнصдֱӾץ
ҼĿҺŪżǧڵĹʽ𣬲˵оǿPSʵ鱨ȫͼĿѧһ˸
ץϻץʭӣϵ£ӴСְְͣͣþһ춯صϴʼˡ
Ǽж־˰ȺͶļϽٵĳӶˣɺ
мֽŲɾĿϵ˹ͱͼίԼȥȲˡ
һڵĿɸɾѧҲͦ棬ͼίô鶼û鵽⣬ֻܳߡ
УԼǽڣʣϺΰҾлҢûʲôìܳͻɣôͶˣ
νһڣǺ˵һлҢǿĻоݲǺлҢеغϵĵطҺǶͬ¹ϵˣܰһѾͰһѣҲûʲô˭֪
Уڰ֣вЩоǺлҢоغϵ㣬ȫհ˼ҵо˼·ʲô¶ûؼطûѧᡭԺɵѵ㣬ЩܲͱҪġ
-------------------------------------
лҢûдȥҩƴѧְ񣬵Ӿҽѧȥ˽ҩƴѧǰѧĻᣬԡѧߡٵѧһо
еʮĿһת˽ҩƴѧоҲӾҽѧᵽ˽ҩƴѧȥ
ϣҽѧֳԼĵûΪлҢЩѧڱЩѧѧĻϣʹطˣҩƴѧǱֳ˼ĳ⣬ЩҽѧѧȫձУѧĴʱٺá
þҽѧܲ˵ǣͰҲ򾩴ҽѧʽύ˳ʿվ룬ҩƴѧѾΪǿ˲ߣʮֺã˴ȥҽѧְ󣬽ֱȥҩƴѧѧ
⣬лҢھҽѧЩ豸Ҳȫˣһʱ䣬ԭȾҽѧĽоҾͱȥ¥ա
ҽѧļҩѧϵµѧƴͷˣһҩѧĽڣӾϵͳսģΪлҢѾƿγȫĥ˳ƵĽѧǿάȥо׶εȴƿ
лҢµĿоҲʱ˧һֱоĹ׷ڵοоΣ׷ڿлҢʱгоƻʮһֿЧҩĿǰҽԺܽеŵİ֢ˣͷʹѡ
ô󡯵оƻҲֻлҢˣ˵˵ڣ·ͷˡ
ƻǿоĳڣлҢƼµı֤лҢˣоĻھҽѧ׷ɽ󣬸оԼܵͺ
ǣѾѷܽˣ⣬ǳлҢ֮⣬ûܽ
׷ڱŵͷʹһ죬ԸΣĿĿлҢ뵽ҩƴѧлҢĵ죬ͳоóһǧѧƽ辭ص֧лҢо
֪ϢĹ׷һѪɤۣ˿ᵽǴ˽غı
µףлҢӻϳϷʢٵķɻһܺڹɹְֵһƽ׵İ칫ҡ
жͰԼغڹڡӦлҢʲôҪʵ飬ȫίиڵЩѧ
ΪҽҩߵоԺԵʣȡغʵ㣬ȥ˹лҢҲûʲô鶼зΧеоĿɿƽ
ʱõʮĿѾȥʱ䡣
лҢƼֿ֪ͨ˿ԸоȣѾ֧ʣ޼ͬԼĸָҲѾﵽֻʣһרûɣǰ⡣



124 һٶʮվ
лҢͬƼظϵ󣬺ܿ͵õ˿϶𸴣Ŀڻ㱨˵ʱƳٵһ£лҢҪڽĩǰύȫϣһٿ˻ᡣ
ⱨ桢ɹȹίиͰȣλڹյѧлҢüҩѧճо֮⣬ֳһʱдĿʱġר
ΪʮõĿ방֢صģлҢȷΪµİ֢ӦԻơ
æ졣
-------------------------------------
ڹѧѧӣлҢӲǽˡûʽҪʱʱһЩɹڡsciencenaturecellϣܶǶΪлҢˡ
΢Ҳ׳˲ݣǰòԱҲ̫˴Ͷ˲֪ٱ顣
µİ֢ӦԻơⱾд꣬ʷίиͰʵҲβһµоɹ˳һֿԿƸΰָΰתϸİЧҩ
лҢˡθˡ˼·ҩΪΰˡڵһʱҿƼ˱ר
ֻϷԼı¼ҵ֢һҳ̡θ֮ٴνΰ߳˰֢塣
һϵ֮꣬ǰɽH6N9лҢԵֵĹˮ¥̨ȵ£黨ҩҵҩҵȹ֪ҩûյϢ£һ൱гļ۸õˡΰˡȫȨ
Ҳʱ򣬹ҿƼٿ߻ᣬлҢŶѾɹƳΰЧҩϢ
лҢڹѧʱ䣬쿵ԺʿһֱݴлҢĿ飬ҪлҢǩܶԼ£ÿ춼лҢĿתһȦʶڡΰˡƳĵ죬쿵ԺʿյϢֻлҢͬ쿵ԺʿͨϢʱû㹫쿵Ժʿűš
쿵Ժʿÿ춼ڵȿƼصϢƼǰŲŹһϢлҢžͰѵ绰쿵Ժʿ칫ң쿵Ժʿϣת˽ҩƴѧ˶ǾˡּӼϢӲҩƴѧCλͱһϢռˡ
ձԺӵ㡷걨ýҲڵһʱתϢ˹ٷĵظлҢѡ
ճлҢззҩѿһ۽жʮѣ±һ£ǵ㵽ȷһ첻˽ڣֵ˷ŵĹ΢ҳ֤ȷϲǸ߷ºź󣬷ˣ
Ҿ֪лһֱûз֢ˣ֮ǰ˵϶һֱĬĬУоˣ
֪ΰˡʲôʱУѸΰڣҩϽרϽһ±Ӿ׷
Ŀѧңѧ**ѧ٣ǱĸУΪΪΪлҢڵޣ
ǣǣѾӿƼϹ۹һȦ֮ˣרĵһеλǽҩƴѧǾҽѧǾҽѧǾҽѧҪǿ飡ԹϵĽǶҵ˼[ͷ][ͷ][ͷ]
ҩƴѧŹ򿨣ллҢڵĺ񰮣ԤҩƴѧĹһأڸص¼ȡҲһ֮ѧУˮƽлţ
֪ҽѧлҢڵʱôģ
ְЩ䳰ȷģʽѣһľݽ˻ˮһҪ
ҽѧʲôʱ򿪳лҢˣлҢְģ
ֻҩƴѧУפУԺʿлҢҽѧû˶ѡ
ϧѻǵؿ
ҽѧվȥҥҲû˻ˡ
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ýڻĺܶŶѡԱġ
ĳλڻɷõһƶ˺Ǿ͸ҽٷ֮ʮ˶˵ǻȥ˺
ĳλĳʲôŵ飬ǲõ͸Ұñӿڻͷϡ
ȻִЩý嶼ɡءʱͷý˵Ļߣ֪ĳԹȺϲʲôţԷرЩ
ɽH6N9ʱ򣬸ý౨ɽѾõЧƣý嶼ѡʧˣӶֻǾH6N9˵£ѧ߲Ϊ
ЭҽѧԺĻٶлҢH6N9ĸȾзH6N9ЧҩϢھɽ˵ľϢý嶼ѡʧˣûһý屨
ֱɽH6N9Ѷȴҩɾȱ˳ԵҩܺãҶH6N9飬Щýֿʼ౨ѾƳЧҩϢָ𻪹˵ȵȵȵȡ
ĳⷢ˵ķӦ൱ǿӲһʣЩýʵ࣬ƿԡ
λýļѣɽ飬Ǳ𣿡
ǰΪ𣿡
ǵְҵý˵ĵߣ
ĿԱзH6N9ЧҩϢѾǺüǰˣΪʲôҪѹڲű
ǲϢɽİǲǻÿ춼˼
űϣѾʧȥ˿͹֪ۡǲΪߡֻΪµĶ׫ߣѾ࣬ȴҪеıȥһƶĻ
˵壬бĹҿЧҩȨޣΪҩƼˮƽޣ޷ͬʱйҿЧҩȨޣʶѡϵȶĹҽҩԮѼʱɹѹء
ҾƣС
ǻЩְҵڻýߵһη
˲ֹӦġơЩýĬĴ˺һӣò˿࣬Ȼȥ͡
һϵ飬֤һ߶ˡ
Щý࣬ȻɻץŻһЩõ鱨ǺԲ׵ϸߣҲᱨһЩ£ٶȶôô졢˶ٺзʲôЧҩ
ͷ֮ٱһЩţЩýˡ
ΰˡƳɹϢŸձý屨ý͡ԭ֭ԭζתһϢ
һѵ۳Ϊ˾䡪ʹתɣ
ϧѵӢˮƽãʹgod**лҢ֮ɫһӡ
-------------------------------------
һҩƴѧҩѧϵѧȫѧҩƴѧлҢھҽѧʱõҩѧϵɫذ
ԭлҢȥϵĿʱɰȺͶԷֵһ룬Ҳ㹻
ȺͶæ˴ѧڣ㽫ʮĲ׼˸߰˰ˣʱлҢؽӵʼҿѧԺĵ绰



125 һٶʮվ
ʼҿѧԺлҢ绰ڹϣΪʲô
ȻΪ˰佱
ŵҽѧ
ʵڼҩѧոΪ˲յоṩ֧ʱλŵҽѧĵʼҿѧԺƼлҢ
λŵҽѧĵ൱üҩѧǰ;ֻŵѡڲͬѧ֮ĵ̣кܶŵҽѧĵΪ˷Լѧɵѧߣԡҩѧ̫ᣬƾ赥һ˲޷֤ʵҩѧǷΪɣҩѧŵ⡣
ڣлҢƾҩѧȺƳθˡH6N9Чҩΰˣƾһ֮ͽҩѧϸ߷壬Щ󿴺üҩѧŵҽѧҲ޷֮ǰٴξܾлҢˡ
ΪǾܾлҢʼҿѧԺһ
һŵҽѧлҢд󵶽θΰ򲡡H6N9նڵµҽҩѧŮʿʼҿѧԺĹʶܵڵɡ
⣬ҲûԸⶥżҩѧѹȥŵ
лҢĳɹʵ̫ˣ貵˿ԺӣбĳɹżҩѧļõŵҽѧǷʵ⽱ܵɣһλѧ˵Īĳ衣
лҢȷԼʱȥ˹¸Ħȥ콱ʼҿѧԺлҢ﷢˾Ļճ̰Լλ֪
ڶ죬ʼҿѧԺʽһȵĻ
ŵһƽֿˡֻˡ
ڶŵߵأʼҿѧԺڹʱ򣬶û˵ĸ֣Ȼں汸עӦӢԼоɹ
бЩԴϵ֣ѡУлҢֱּҹ۵ǡ
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лҢڽӵʼҿѧԺĵ绰֮СС˷ӣȻͽһϢ˿ĹȺС
лҢһˡ
غһʱۣлһһ𣿡
лҢ[΢Ц][΢Ц][΢Ц]ŰɣӦûṫġ
һӣлҢæԼоȥˡ
ڵĿȴը˹ͰλѾɵʦ˴ͷûлҢڵǸСȺʼ²лҢʲô
غҽҩѧĽͷβһ飬ҳһлҢܻеĽûһıƸܹϡšεġ
ۿһȺڤ˼Ҫ죬һжѧ˵᲻ŵŵϾҪˣҾлվ˵ĽҲֻŵlevelĽ˰ɡ
Ⱥ˹ĳĬ
Ϣ̫ˣҶû
ȵ˿֮ûлҢʲôϢҶĬعעŵĹٷ
ȵŵ죬Ѿ˳Էĵڵȴûһģҿƶר־ظоʵȴĲɵģ겻ϵˢŵٷվ
ʱһҳһˢ£һŵͳ˴ҵǰ
лҢ־͸ڡŵѧҽѧĺ档
ھ˶ݵĳĬ֮󣬡Բۡ˷лҢڣȴûͣ
ȷӦӹͼ֮Ѹٷֻ΢ϣȻ༭һҪȦ˳ȥ
ףҵлҢŵҽѧ
ֱӴӰȵȦﱣͼƬ˳ŸİȦ
Ȧ˶ǾҽѧģǳԷʱ䣬ԱڳԷͬʱʱˢȦԻȡ¶̬Լ°ԵģմϷȺĲûԼڣͻͰһµ˵ϡ
HUƟ
ôţ𡭡ŵҽѧлм֮ٴոһöŵҽѧ̫ǿˣ
ҽѧ겻ˮ氡лŸ뿪ҽѧŵҽѧҩƴѧУ쵼Ц
жͰȵĴͷлҢڹڵЩѧԼҩƴѧȥлҢоĲʿ󶼷׷תȦҿʼ˻ΪԼģʽ
ĳʿ󣺡Ҹлолл˿߼˼άʵоṩһĿƽ̨ףлԽԽã
ĳһװļ˶ʿӣллСллϤĽ̵ûлҾͷƪҲΪŵ򹤵Ŀй
ĳոձ¼ȡδлҢ˵Ĳʿҵѧϰϣܹռҵ˵ҵòǻ۲棡

ǷȦܿͳ˼̿ͨ΢֮
ͬ־ҲԵˢȦ˵Щͬ־Ȧٶȱ˻Ҫ졣
νųԷĿյͳֻˢˢȻͿ˶ͰȷһģһȦ
еĿӣκʶ۾һּܻ˱ȥ㿪ͼƬϸϸؿ
ηҽѧʧ̫ˣ
ʵڱлϽ֮ξѾʶԼˣǣ浽˹ȥ
лҢȻԼֶӴͨϵ»лҢûκδȴǨŭлҢϡ
һϸ쵼ûпǵҽѧ档
ηֻĬذ˼ڷͻȻݺᡣ
һŵĶǾҽѧδ
ҽѧ˲ŵҽѧⱾӦһֵýұȫУ֪ͨھCλһһ²Ĵ£ȴΪ뾩ˡ
ǹұŵѧߣ
̫ˣϧȴ뾩ҽѧԵ
˾ҽѧˡ
һþҽѧԽԽãȴֽҽѧ˴ҵЦ̸ʡ
˵Ͱֿ·ϵĲûʸ쿵Ժʿ΢ŵģлҢڣͰȾǿСʦҲ䵽쿵ԺʿȦбһλá
쿵ԺʿƽʱûʱˢȦµһʿ绰˵
쿵ԺʿѾ׼ˣӵ绰֮ͬѪඥһ£˲˹򿪵ԡ
쿵ԺʿҳʱѾˡ
ŵִ£ܶý嶼ţĳЩ˿ϴҰִȶȵýҲŵϢŵҳһˢ£·СͿʼչͨдˡ
쿵ԺʿŴͿٷǿƵšףҹҽҩѧлҢŵҽѧ
쿵ԺʿԭȻȥŵĹϺ˲һµģ֮ﻹк˲ıҪ
ֱӰһתУУת
磬ҩƴѧУ԰͹˸ּӼĺУź󻹹һźͮͮĴ
ҩƴѧŵƽʣͬһ㡣
лҢڹѧͬڵ֪лҢŵҽѧ֮󣬷׷ҪлҢһpartyףصѡڹѧԱߵһ
ףݺãȺƽʱޱĿԱ൱ıװͬѾء
ѧҽѧϵϵлҢҢлڵоôǲǳ
лҢĿ⸴ӵؿϵһۣһɣսӵ绰ʱȷʵи˹һӣܿ侲ʱϲȣҾûǿгɹʱҼ
ϵΣľǿ߿ˡ



126 һٶʮվ
ԭȻкܶ˶лҢ֮ǰĻ΢ʣлҢŵ֮Щ˶ûˡ
˵ףȦӿʵ
ھԵʵǰصһ
ЩлҢһٱŸ̨ѧ߿лҢŵ֮󣬳ˡ
ǲ뷴Ƕʵ̫ǿΪ
칦ɢ󣬹ѧҽѧϵлҢߴʲôʱ򣿡
ȥ˹¸ĦǸҽѧߣҴžֱӻعˣǱһĿҪ⣬ǰòίк湫˾ȫһ飬ΪǸĿ׼ġѾ׼òˣԪ֮ǽⱨᣬұڹڡ
ϵʣ֮ٻصĴ𣿡
лҢ룬ûаѻ˵ɣҽѧϵӭҵĻҿ᳣ܻѧԸѧҩѧǸѧԽ̫ƽȥңҲ
ĿзΧҺϲϵ
ҽѧϵϵüͷƵǻ˻⣬Щˮƽôѧ߶ԴĸУͿԺ꣬ˮƽܺõѧȴŻعҢлңⲻһϱֳʣҴӺܶ໪ѧܽĹɡ
лҢ룬ûۡ
ֲ죬Դڸѡɡ
-------------------------------------
ŵҽѧ仪ϢʹþٹһƬڣܶ˶˵˻ҽѧδϣһϢΪҽѧˮ
׼ȷ˵ǸҽѧڵҽԱˮ
ҽѧҽԺƵĻβʩΪҽѧҽԺڵĻ߼
лҢûۿһƪем䣬ȫ󵽵ʱĲҡ
лҢһһػŹںŵƪģֹסµ
ôõˣô˵ûûˣ
Ըģȥ΢һ»ε֣ʵʱ̬лҢһĶľˡ
ġ
ġ
ˡ
ǱֲҾ徵ʽɱġ
ôһ˲䣬лҢֽűоԼͺͣԺһƬհס
Ƕôĳ𣬶ôԹ
ǰȵǲˣ޳
лҢֻ۾˼ٴֻٶ˻عĻƱͬѧҽѧϵϵ˵֮󣬼ʰһƷϣɿظ
ʮСʱĺʱ䣬лҢǸɫʵ׶ʻ
мƳ̳̫鷳׶Ľͨӵ£лҢĵһ·ֱﾩҽѧҽԺ
߽Ƶһ˲䣬æĻʿۼ⣬һ۾ͿлҢʧлҽ
лҢǻʿͷǻʿۿͺˣ߹ȥǻʿļ򣬵˵ȴȥʿվʲô˻ʿվ˵У뿴Ρ
ǻʿʵͷ
·Ѿȥ˽ʮСʱҽԱѾƣԺѾҪ󣬱ȫβҲýκϡ
ڵĻʿǶЭβ鷿ʩԼϹ̨ˣ뵽λͣʬҵ񾭶Ѿ˱ٽ㡣
ʿվĻʿʻǿǿһĨȿ޻ѿЦлҢлҽ㲻ǻڹǱôʲôʱģ
лҢǽһƣ·ɻҽԺˣԺ绰Ǹת⣬׼һгͿԣʮֳҪӲ
ʿվĻʿǶлҢҪһлҽҪʲô
ʿҲץסлҢĸ첲лҽβǶܳأҽԺҽԺĹأ㻹ᣬŽѾоˣֿ϶ܵӦеĳͷֻʱѰЩһҪǣҪǣ
лҢ϶ҲҵЦ룬Ǿ£ҽܵӦҽԼϴҽ֣Ҿڼ˵ģҽֶף˲ԣǾ͸ǳԡҽǮˣǴȴ󱯵棬Ǵȱĳ棬нŭĿʱҽͲеƢˣ
ҵҪа״ӣԺĵ绰ǲҴ
лҢڼƹôʱ䣬ֵ绰Ѿֱ绰ͨԺߵ绰лҢλѲĻ֡
绰ҶϣԺ˺һŷӦŵöȻ
ԲۣλˣҪ£
Ժ˸Ͻϴ򱨸棬ЩԽ²ŷֵٶȳ嵽ʱѾˡ
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лҢڿڴǲ˲һۣʿԶһˣлҢ˹ȥſ֣ͬ˵ǻ߼ɣΪߵѾܾεķΧ߽תԺơ
ͻȻݺݵ̧ͷ˵ʲôҽԺ˵ҪȫΣôҪתԺˣ
Ȳ˾ǾȲˣȫҲȲˡҪΣҿԸƼһЩⷽȽϺõҽԺ˵ʢٵİ˽ҽԺ׶صĻʼҽԺкܶרңѧʶޣʵתԺ
лҢͷڱд˼ʣ̧ͷˣͬתԺĻǾ²Σ֪ͨˡ
ؿлҢһۣһץ𲡴ԱǹϵˮֱֱسлҢͱ˹
ʿļʱ쳹
ͬһҵļɫҲѾˡ
Ѿһˣһ׬һһΪҵ汳
лҢⲱӶ㿪ͱһЦʣô
˵Ķֱ̫ˡ
ڴóлҢ˾ͱ˹ȥʱĿ֣֪ţƹٶǣٵĴͰá
Уǰ˺̨ϹŵķģͲû̫
Ǻεȵķ
һһ쵶ӽ׵ӳлҢֿ쵽ܶ˵۾޷٣ֻʣĺ
ʮߵ֮ԺһƬ쵼ڹˣлҢŵѾǸѪˣԺæлҽ侲侲侲
лҢ̧۳һЩ쵼ٶȲŴͷһ˦ʱľʵĴͷһ
ˣģҪѧѧʱ֡
ֿһˣЦˣһ߳һʮ׵µҪܿҪ˵ĵطһҵٰʮദҸո壬ʣµʮ൶ˡ
Ժһ㣬ҿ϶Բһʮȫʮֳһý̿鼶ĽʿΡ
ָָ̧ڵļأѿժͬ˵ոˮֵģҾֳȥͣʬǹݻ᳡һķ㰲ϣҲҲеκεΣԸĻһԸȫ⵽вϡ
ֻһҽֻ˲ɱˣʮԡ˭ҲҽʦУҪ㿪ƶǻ׵úܡ



127 һٶʮվ
лҢȾѪİ״ӳ˲ûʿһɾİ״ȥϡָ׷մŵѪ۶һһ
һпλҽȥлҢͬʿ˵֮ǰȻ˾ҽѧĽְҽԺߵְλûǣҰŲ˰ɣζζ١
ʿľսʣлҽҪв㿴ҪҪմҪҪϢϢ
ã϶ýߣоһӦˣҲţμμ
лҢִҪʿҲ˵ʲôֻܸлҢ˲˹
һǸ̫̫
ҪǷ֮ǰ̫̫ܹлҢĺţ϶˵Ҳű޲ðѸ·ɶлһ顣
Ȼڲǰ̫̫ۿлҢմѪİ״Ӵ˼ƣ˿˵лҢְǸ˶ʮ飬̫̫лҢ棬лҢ崺Цݣ̫̫ġ
ллл̫̫е״Ρ
лҢ̫̫ĽţЦ⻹ûأлʲôлѲǸлŵҽѧ֮ҽԺ
ϿɵץˣѾھǹˣҽѧҽԺĻ᲻ࡣҪûɣ֮ҿǵȥꡣ
лҢҵ٩˼䣬̫̫Ѿſʼ
һȥ˳ָ̫̫˸ಡˣ쾩ǱȽϸɣ׿ԣûĻŲҲӦóˮˡ
̫̫ⲡʱ̫ˣңáಡڸϴƱ˵ҽҩκõҽԲʮ﷽㰾ҩ𣿡
̫̫ҲԼˮˣûͬлҢ˵лҢֱж˳̤ʵˡ
лҢ˴Ĵָлҽĺãȷʵеˮס﷽㰾ҩҼרҩɰ
ǾУҸЩҩȥ˳ԡųݣͺùˣ⡢ˮҲ⣬໹ǵúúñлĻ֮ٳҩúõһϵ⡣
ϵĴ̫̫ͬ˵лҽ˵Σͷģ϶ΡлҽѪܿƵרңԲֻҪΣҲǺܸߵġ
̫̫ž￨ϲϲȥǮץҩˡ
һźӵŮˡ
Ůֹ˵⼱ƵĻʿôģ˵Ҷƣôҹҵڿ˵ʲôڿиרҿһá
лҢһŮˣֳСĲȥֿ˿Ǻӵ̦ͬŮ˵⿪ӵ°ɣüһ
Ůֿʼ棬Ķһ𣿡
лҢãһҺӵɫҾ֪Ķˡ
Ů˰Ѻӵѽ⿪лҢĨһѺӵĶӣһӵɫͱˣ˴𰸡
ҿһżĵӣȥ⡣ûĻ⺢ӦúϲտɣһЩĶʮ塣СӵƢθտԶˣ׻ʳֳθסȻЩС⣬Щտܲɾģ˼ԼѡǼСͷ׳ʲôˣص㣬Ǿǰ没ֳƳ氩⣬СǸżҳһԵտǼҳҲӦһ¼顣
ŮϵǸأҴӰٶϲˣ˵Сˮ׶Ϊ
Ů˵꣬лҢǸҽЦˣȻŰٶȣǻҽԺʲôлڼоרеרˣǰǹǸԺʿĸαԼĿƣлҽģԼжģǽԼҽ߸ƫȫȥʵڲϰٶȲ飬ٶβ
ŮлҢôȨˡ
żⵥȥ˻ƣûһͶһɥˣﻹſǻ򣬻Ǳ˵м棬ô죿Ҵϲˣ氩ʺܸߣҼҺӻôС
лҢǸҽһʱûסֿʼ²ۣ˵ˣβרҾ㻹ȥʲôٶȣ氩ȷʵ£лҽй벻㵣ĸʲô
лҢŮù鵥ÿһָ궼ɨһ飬ֿһ۹ҺŵдŵСӵ䣬ʣСԸ񽿹Ը񽿹ߣֻܸҩЧһ㣬ܵóԺܾáСԸȽϺú壬ҾͿҩˣֱҩǱ߰ҩװڶʮĲƿһΣһƿУźһʱ䣬ͳˡ
Ů룬ҧҩɣĴ£һҩòô죿ҼҺȻԸеڣǺܶµģҳͬϸ˵ס
Ů֮лҢҽʣлҽով̫̫ҩȥˣôҪҩã
֪ôҩȥٶһ£Ѽ򵥵ܰõҩɶҩ
˶һۣϾǿЦ
רҵ黹ǽרҵȽϺá
в˵лҢһԲϾͳͱˣҲв֪лҢԸһºܺ˵ҪлҢëˣأһǺѰлҢëġ
Щͷ̫̫֪лҢúãڼƶ׵׹һӣϧлҢƴǿԵ֣Щͷ̫̫˺þҲûȵлҢŽϨ˼
ʿ˵лҢڼڿЩͷ̫̫һѷȥ˼ڿƵĺţлҢѪѹѪ֬лҢϺȣ˾ԼںʪأлҢʪҩ
лҢ˼ˣſоЦͬŶӵŽкõ˵鷳ȵȵȣҿܵ㾯ͬ־ȥ¼ҷģܿܳ˲ᱻοҵݣҲûеطҲʵľͬ־ǱԤĻҪ˶ʮӣļӦҲ˰ɣʧɱҲеεģοֻǸһСˡ
һŵҽѧһɳ治Ҳʵľ
飬ҲѹлҢôʮܹҪͲ˸ˣǶɣο¼ʾװףóˮлҢֻ
ðˬҲͲ٣İɣȥ¼ĻʮӾ͸㶨ˡ
һȺſϴү̫̫ŷС
лҢ̹̹ؽɳ¼֮󣬻˳ŸɳһŮһ¾ҩɾ͵˼ơ
Щϴү̫̫еΧлҢлҽûΪ㣿
ûУҪž죡һ˭ɣҿĶ
лҢͬЩҹŵĲ˵˵ЦЦҽʿͦлҢ
ͱ˵ĵͬҶţ㣬ʮȥʹö췭ˣˣöôװ
ȻЩıȽϸӣ룬лҢҪȥɱˣ֣٣һȺ˶
еܿҪı£ȻеҪͣ



128 һٶʮվ
ýžҽѧҽԺ̬֮󣬷ӵ¼˹лҢͬˮɢȥ
лҢ̫ˣֱýĿǣ߾߰ɣٱһţǶԣ̫Ӱ죬һҪǱˣǾ͵ñлҢ׷Ŵˡ
ҪҲǵý屨֮󣬸ý嶨µĻһ¡ȶȡ
ǡձļɷõлҢ
ߡлڣ˵յϢʱ򣬻ڹѧʱƱعģ
лҢǵģȦϢһ˺ع
ߡлڣ֮ǰѾΪҽҵŬ飬ʲô
лҢʮֵʹģɥĲֱʾǿҵǴεļ˱ʾԱͬ顣
ߵĻһתлҢķӦǲأ
лҢüҡͷûаֻڽѾǰȻˣǲĻڿѾͣʬˡ
˵˻˵ı£лҢеġ
Ǽ߼лҢԵĲãҲټ׷ȥʣܽοҽ־𣿡
лҢ룬룬Ҫܶ˵Ĺ
ҽֻһְҵİʹҪһҪǻǮģĲǵЩֵĻԼһЩϰߣҽǻǮ
ȻУȷʵЩҽҽ´覴ã߿ѡȥĺţ㲻˺ΪΥģҲǲ˵ġʵϣҽӴĺܶҽ벡Լ˼ĳһģŲ˸ؿ
أҲҪýΪʲôЩýرϲһЩҽì⣬ʮֲ͹۲عһЩҽ⣿֪֪ΪЩ͹۵ıҽϵĲϼӾ磿
ҽҽ³⣬ýõʵ֤ݵ£ϣȫмලҲϲҽѧѧܹЩҽ´ĺȺ֮ʩѹҽԱĶ顣
ͬʱҲϣýܹعһЩҽֻߵĳ̬ٸӣ֮ǰڼƵʱֵҹ࣬мŮŮȾƣ֪ΪʲôͻȻͳһһŮƿһӣ͵˼ơ
ǸŮأһֱҪ˵Ůϲ̣ȻϼãҲҪʵ˿ʵ̫ˣһһ⣬벻̣ȫ췽ҹ̷ͬʵʵ˵ЩƷ˵ҪҺÿǸʱ賿㡣
лҢǼߣ֪ô𣿡
Ǽһȵҡͷ
лҢֱȻ־ƣȻժ¿һӣ𣿱˵𣬾ھгзҵ
һΣƵСر࣬ڶưæһ긾ŮŶӣҪǲӸҺӿҿСأ˵긾ŮͿʼãСҲſޣҳһš
ֱ뱣˸˳ȥ
лҢžͷЦЦҽﲻҲ֪ú˵ͬС˵ļãҲͨģûЩֻ˵ܱǸҪػĹ򣬲Ȼ˲ƽ
ȻҲʲôԴԼǸеҽšҽְˣԼļѣԼҪ񣡡
һ꣬ԶȶˣĲ˼߼ֱӺȥҺźǻðֱӱǵѧʶõЩ֪Ĳȥ
лҢ˵ʵ̫ˣֱӽһ׿ҽͷϵαñӸ
ҽҽԱǷԱҽ׬ǮҲֻҪΪṩβ񣬲Ҫ˼˼үһźЦӭˣΪòһɵľﻷǱ롣ϣǮܰٲȫҩǳϣҽ鲡ֱȥݷ𡣡
ܽһҵĹ۵㣺һҪȥΣΣ鲡ѰĻᣬĲˣֱӺңΣιҽͬסǵĹǽӭͣǲˣǿˡ
ȥӭϺòˣξԼı¡˹żʮǮĺţ;ԼԵϵۣ˼ںܶ˾ҽƱõŷңѾţһܹŵҽ
ҪһپҽҪȥ˽ҽԺһκž͵üԪǧԪݵǮҪܻƽ̵Ĵһθڹļ۸Ǯ֪İʮԪһУڹأʮһУ
ҵƢãҲʮֵ侲ǣпܵĻһŬȥһҽϵͳҽֹˣзЧҩǮҲ
лҢý˸泩ܶһֱΧۣͳֻԶƵʽϴȥ
лҢٴαƵ˷˼⡣
˵лҽȭŹܰһ󺺴ʹģʮȥôĴûκεĻ֮ȴһ㶼û˵ϴˤýôеǸҽֵĴأһֱ˵Լûлҽ֣лҽȴ˵ԼúܲңǸҽֵĴܴùлҽ𣿡
΢ۣлҽǸԱ
лҢ΢֮˳ָһޣŵѺܿɾ΢
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лҢھǵȵεĺӻعΪξٰʽٷؽȥʶھҽѧҽԺƶ죬ܽＸλ˾ͽＸλ
ǵЩͷ̫̫˵лҢֻؾҽѧҽԺ֮󣬵ڶˡ
Щͷ̫̫ͦлҢۡ
Слҽ˵ĶԣҽıǾˣǺˡҪܰϵĲˣ׵㣬ҲˡСлҽģ֮ҪȥĶˣǧøϵʽȻ㿴Ҳˡ
лҢϴү˵֮ǰӦɣûסҼסˡ֮ǰҺ˵ٳôص˰ɣϵû١
Ҹҩȥ֮ҽţź£֤֮ʳõʳƷϵëͲٷҲ볤٣ҲԸ֧С
лҢô˵ϴү֧
лҢ׼ʮҵʵġԸ֮µĿ췴Ӧ໤ͿԼˡԸɣ
үҩһʧˡ
үҲĲ̫ˣŵҽԺҽһҩҲһãлҢܸΣѾʮֲˡ
ΪЩͷ̫̫ҪлҢصһ΢Źںţ־ͽСƢлҽڶ쿴ʱͽӡõĶάԡ
ںûʲôãƽʱһлҢĶϢ
лҢҲˣ֮Ҫһֵʱҽѧоһֱҩѧͷת
оҽѧʵҲ뾡ϤҪ֮ǰڼʱ٣ʱǸԲôˣֻͱʮ



129 һٶʮվ
εѾŶ꣬ϥΨһĶج֮æٻعĹʸӣӵݽٵعʱ䡣
лҢڼƼһƫݵجģԽݣ֮С
һľεʽлҢؽʱ
лҽлл㡣ǰҴѶ绰ʱᵽ㣬˵ʮҽ̬ȡû뵽顭Ҷ˵ˣлл㡣
лҢһ
ҽԺΪʱлҢר̷ɻΪγͱʮһ˶ûС
лҢɫ԰׵ڰ
εȥΪҽԱ˾ӣҽԱķԭѾƶУεѪΪĽ˼ټҲʼ취Ϊҽìܽ¡
֤ɽ£ֺܿͱ̣ҽѧҽԺƵЩҽԱҲһ٣ǵҪ赼Ȼ˵ʲôʱµӾͻᱬ
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ڻؽҩƴѧĸϣлҢҲʼ˼
Ϸı磬С˵ֻǸ˵ıײ
˶ٳɵˡ
ߵ缼ķչ˱ݵ磬˶ͨ翴ʫԶЩ˿ʼܲ˵µµԼ
Ҷ˽ɷһ뵽˵Ŀ֮ɷӳٵˣͻѰ
ʼڵƽ̨ʮ²ŵչ춼ȡ
ҵҲ
иӭûĴݣ͸ûЩûϲĶûϲĶֻҪڱ֮󣬾Ϳõشûǰʧأ˶ݲԼЩ͸еĲ˳ȱҶԼһյ棬ԼԼ
ȥҽԺŶӵĶûˣԼʮʮҸžԼϵۡ
ʳȥԷȷҲûˣԼֻǻ˵˵ǮȴĬΪԼ˼Ӽá
ʵӼֻǸһ񣬽˶ѡ
в˸ĹҺŷһ£ûӦȨΪͬȸǰ£ҶӦء󵽡Ĺ˶ƹתȥ
лҢڸд˺ܶණ˼ά֣һƪʡ£ȴдĵļӸС
ҪͣվʱлҢһĵѾӽǧˣ򵥾һ´ȷûдֺﲡ֮󣬾ͽճ΢ȥͽ٣ĵ㣡
-------------------------------------
Ȼʵǣܶ鶼û취ĵһȵġ
ͱ˵ǰʮĿ
лҢڹڵʱ䣬鶼ѹ˶ͰϣÿλʦǸлҢģ»һϵͳھݵĥ֮󣬺ܿӦ˽ҩƴѧһƶȡ
˵쿵ԺʿͰڽҩƴѧµʱ򣬻϶һ·ɫͨ߹ȥģˣרŵĴڷ񣬲һŶӡ
лҢһŵҽѧ֮ĵλűóȻ
ΪǿлҢԼʽҽҩߵоԺУҪѧһȥѧԺ¥ټлҢе˷ĵٶȿ졢áҽҩߵоԺѾ˽ҩƴѧ˶еġ
лҢֻ֮ڸֲǩǩ˴ʱ䡣
µС죬У쿵ԺʿԼҩϵϵλлҢ˻죬׼ȷ˵ǡ˽һлҢ֮Ŀѧоš
лҢ룬ʮ塯֮󣬶֮ڣû취ٴӹҳнһЩĿˣҴԼͶǮһЩо˵ȺͶһֱڽе΢ȺоԤĿͶ߸ڵоѣоǰ֢Чҩоһֱڽеоھܰоˡ
ҽҩߵоԺܻеһЩҵĿп⣬ҲУԺһЩп⣬һЩоŶӽͬͻҽҩѧ⡣
쿵ԺʿлҢ˼ˣǸлҢָһ·ҲԳһЩĿ˵صҩзƻȵȣŷޡЩҽҩоǹһǴںƵģܶҩﶼǸ߼۽ڵġ
֮ǰɣһֱڴǣǾзЩҩҩ˵ззģҪôףôᱻ˿Ųôꣿ
Ǽֻ꣬Ҫһᣬ;ԻǣŴ˺ö꣬һչûҾˣҲôˡ
ֱҩѧ֣ҲſһЩ⡣СлǸǹҵҽҩҵעһǿ롣ͷ㣬Ҿŷ޺ͱǱ߸ͷϴ伫пܾժˡ
ҪдĿ飬ֱӽƼͽȥܲܿһ󵰸
лҢüʣܿ¶ôĵ⣿ǼСǮǮĻ÷Ǹˡ
쿵ԺʿüһԺʿһŵĿôҲüڰɡǡҿǾһĿоѶʮأĿɸ꣬ھѣ
лҢ˿ԼҵĲʽǰʶԼǶôƶ
ãǾĿɡԺʿҵʱ䳤һǹҼҪҩĵӳоһӣдĿȥҰĿд֮ʲôҪӵģö
⻰쿵Ժʿ⣬ֺǺǵ˵ǾͰиˣдⷽĿ飬϶С
ҽҩߵоԺķչȷ֮лҢȫĵͶ뵽ʮĽȥ
ʱ󣬵õĿʱûдӾҽѧҵǽŽҩƴѧƸƺԼ׷ڵͦŵĿ
ʱоҲлҢԼԼȺͶһˡ
оŶѾ䵽ʮϣÿÿд߰ƪģҲǺüƪˣЩдĵٶر죬غֱǷһд˽ʮƪģлҢÿƪĶûغǲǷˮˡ
ܳɹѾܺˣлҢ߰ٶƪģĶǳɾ͸С
ĿһܷǿĵЩѾȨҩר
ſƼ·ĸĿղϣлҢҪ׼Ĳһһгʱûµ˶ʿͲʿѲһһ˳İ칫ңȻͬƼ˴˵绰
ٰĿյʱǰһ£Ųŵ콱֮ǰʱ꽱ֱ֮ӷȥѹĹβٷɻعǹˡ
ƼְԱӵлҢĵ绰ŶŶһӣȻһ±Ƶطµ绰ʮֱ׳ͬͬ˵лҢҪǰˣϣһ֮ȥĿвϣ˵ǱѾ׼ˡ
һͬ˵ܾͺˣ
Ǹ˵۾ɴһָԼʣҵôŵеҪҾܾ
Ƿ˵𣿡
˶ҸǸҽֱʮǼҶڶòô൶



130 һʮվ
Ȼ൱æĽڹϣƼ˶൱ŶԼŶӡ
ջҽҩߵоԺĶýпġ
лҢԲٵPPTѧͬ鸴ӡ˶ʮݣǰμյרҸԷһݡ
˼ǣƼҵרҶлҢˡ
ʮʮһڶǾҽѧģһлҢH6N9ĿйĻٶڡ
лҢ̣ͨ㱨PPT˻
վڻ㱨̨ϣлҢһȣ٩٩̸
λ㱨ʮĽ㱨һ漰оһǧΪʱԭҽеĻ㱨ݶۺһ𣬾彲ÿһĿʱһͬ˵Ӧıͬһҳ
ͬԼĿרʮоʮһ㱨ĵһǰϸĶ⣬оŶһо˰ϸľģͣ£ԼΪƪģʵƪʮƪꡣ

лҢÿ̨ϻ㱨һĿ̨µϽǾͻứطһͨϡ
ʮоȫ㱨꣬лҢˮһڣɤӣöʽʼչʾԼɵԼר
ҪǣлҢˡǡЧ
רϷһ𣬶н˰ͼƬˣƽÿӵͼƬһҳPPT˽ķӡ
̨¸յЩϽޱؿһҳPPTüĸнһһ
ͼƬ꣬лҢſ˵ǵоŶһ߰پʮƪSCI£ȫһСscienceʮƪnatureʮһƪcellʮƪѾȨȫרʮȫꡣ
߰پʮƪSCI£ƪƪһٶ˺ü飬ģ˱ˣֱûˣ
лҢ㱨֮󣬸յרѧ߾վһߣʼ֡
ƼЩȫֿʼϣƵҲʼžԤͲĸֲϽжա
лҢͬҽѧЩ˾
׷ͬлҢ⻹أͰʮĿˣЩѹɽ󰡡ЩонӵµĿô
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׷ڵŵҪĿƼ᲻ʨӴ󿪿ڡ룬ĿڱǶʨӴ󿪿ڣƼҲܾΪھͷӣֵá
лҢЦЦû˵ǸĿԤľ˵Ź׷ڡ
Ŀרѧ걨֮ǩ֣ȻͬлҢԼҩƴѧĸʢļԼų˸Ȼ㷵ؾȥˡ
ƼԼص˲Żʮʵʲ˹лҢûдЩˣæд顣
֡Ľڹ۶ϣԽܿʱϵͳĺôˣֻҪģؼʽȥͿԺܿٵؽĶ׵رʼǶóֻҪ΢һ´ʾ˳һαʼǾó
лҢûûҹһڶ࣬㽫㶨ˡ
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ûг豸ǾԼ
ƺãлҢӰרҵύȥȻͬƼ˵˵һ
һ꣬Ѿʮ£лҢŰȡغȿĳԱ˹¸Ħ
ŵǰһ죬һȺ˹¸ĦתһȦ˵صɫʳ
лҢϴˣշȦ΢鲢û̫**Ȳһ⻹ǰȵһ߳ţΪŵĿŶӳԱ
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Ȼ˹¸ĦǸʲôˡܾóоͳţƣ
л΢˻ϣõĻͼĸ֣ллл
ȵ΢ͱıѸ˳ɳѰǵȵ΢󣬻ðȸǴͷϧȽ˽óģʽһ£ῴֻһЩճ
İѾһȦˣԼ΢չʾһвйճ
˿סʵ顢д֮⣬ҲͨһԼȥԸ̣ҸСһȥӰһıѾõΣоdiyһЩϡŹֵ裬оַһ̲򿧷ȣζĻѷ䷽
ӵʮ˿İȷ΢ѣûãѾʮָؽѸȥˡ
콱Ĺ̲ûʲôϲлҢʶ˺üλѧĴУĵЩҪϵʽȵʱ򣬺ܶѧҲͬквWeChatлҢΪѡ
лҢһһЩˣЩ˵Ƭ˱ע
ȺҵȺͶʱʳԼеɻ󣬡Щ㻯ѧ˶΢Ÿʲô
ȵעƫˣڣЩѧҲϲ΢𣿡
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˼лҢ⣬ΪʲôЩѧҺͻѧҲлҢ΢š
غ˸飬лռһȦλ᲻Ϊҽܺã֮һʲôܱЩͨҽһЩ
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лҢҽܸߵˡ
ȻлҢһҽͬ˶ΪлҢоҽѧ˲ţֻĳҽѧо
лҢ˽ȽĻЩ˾ͻףлҢҽҩĹڡҩϣڹ˰֢ƺһʮֶصۣҩѧĹߣҵ֢Чҩ
лҢ˽رĻǲŻ֪лҢβͬкܸߵ裬Ѫܼ档
Щŵл׼ŵлҢ΢ţҲֻ֮顣
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ѾԤһˡ
лҢϵ̾ϢҲ̾һ
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˲ʿģҲɹƯѵһꡣ
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131 һʮһվ
лҢһ˻صʱѾһѮˡ
һ궬ůһѩû䣬ꡣ
лҢ֪࣬ѧæ˶һ١
ûпУûйûѧûʵ飬Ҳûġ
Ԥ෴ǣõ˴ҵһ·ԡ
лҢе£Ҷæ˴꣬ϢϢǶģϢ͵Ϣ÷ɾ͵÷ɡؼҺú˹ȥ
ܰѵлڶµףͷż١ǲЩ̫˵㣿
лҢ룬źȷʵе磬ѾһˣµĿûҲڿ֮ˣûǰٿһͷȻЩпǿ϶ꡣ
оڵ˶ʿʿôϽлҢʵЩġ
֪ԸȻĹڱںܸǿȵģǿǿܽܣЩѧжǿ治
һЩѧܲסָǿȵĹˣǱԱˣǿɸô죿
лҢʾ֭ôȰЩпϢϢɷɵʱ򣬿ƼĹͻȻҳһš
ҽҩߵоԺھͨ
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һţЩƼý嶼ɵˡ
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ƵҽҩѧоԱս˲֪ٸҹҹûн⣬лҢȻһȫаʲôôĵ
Ǽҩѧ
ŵҽѧ
ҲĵлҢ룬ҲһϢý౨־ȴž챨˾֪ĵز
Ѱý嶼ֻǼ򵥵ת˿Ƽһ֪ͨǼϼ䡮ˡţơ֮ĻḻýСǿɾ͸дˡ
ЩýСԿƼ֪ͨĸ࡮ܶ఺ĽҩӭƷҩ۸ӭȽ͡лҢ־Ŀǰʮְ֢ȵȡ
ѹûЩýС಻дĶ
лҢЩýСдĶܻٸҥȻлҢѾƼ֪ͨˡ
ƼǵڵľѲСĿáֶξѷšֶĿաģʽΪλҪлҢϸԤеĹ滮о
ҪǣƼҪȷ涨δƼ£ֹҽҩߵоԺκĿĹ
˼˵лҢܽаĿóNСתλԭȻһЩԮţ˵ҽѧĹ׷ڰ֢оʮй׷ڵŶӽа֢оЧҩо϶ࡣ
Ȼ
лҢһͷ˸󣬸Ͻоټ˸ᡣ
֮ǰҽҶŸٺúϢϢʱҿҶԸ⣬ãŴҶѾˣƼĿѾˣоҪȫ֧ƽһʮڣҲһ֧ڣƽÿ֧һǧʮ򡣡
е˸лҢһ±ơ
ҵ˼𣿡
һȺˢˢҡͷҪ˵ǴлҢĻgetʲôϢֻСǮصϢ
лҢԤɨһۣ˸µĻ󣬵ʵܼ򵥣֮ǻæرæææԱգæϢ
Ұϵı鶼һգôȣΪ˵Ļûκοŵٳɷ֣ȫڳ͹ʵڿԸԼһСĿˣ˵귢ʮƪSCIڵĿоѵȵȣĿԼӲԿ˱׼ҶѾҵĿϵͳˣ춯
Ƽÿ궼ᰴյԤо滮ǵĹһ깤ɲˣǻӰڶľѷŵġרʽҺͻҩƴѧ񲿹ͨǵв֧뵽ҩƴѧĲĿȥص㻹Ŀо⣬Ҷץܵӡ
Ҹǵʱֶʮ£ҪµʱΪ壬˼ǣҷ䵽ҿϵͳео񣬴Ҫʮ֮ڽ

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˶олҢڿЦ
һлҢлŶܲٶһЩ˽о
Ҳаǽҩƴѧÿô࣬ˣҲв㹻ˡлҢһΡ
Ҳ˼ҵ˼ǣܲһЩѾҵĲʿվʿЩǿŶӣȫְоԱĹ
ϵͳеоҿˣһЩ֮ǰûнӴģҪʮµʱЩо񡭡ϲܡ
ѾоглҢ֮ۺʵǿ֮һˣ͵ˣĿܣȻ˵겻ˣǾɲˡ
лҢԥͬ˵ҴһƸƻƸͰŪˣȡһЩܸµ˽

Ȱؿ˶һۣû뵽ѾлҢÿϵͳеˣ֪лҢأ
лҢⶨһϸƸ漰ѧƷ൱ö࣬ҽѧҩѧҩѧٴҽѧҽѧȵȣлҢһ¹оԱŵ̫żǱ㽫Ƹȱڴһٶչ١
١ֿܶ࣬ڲʿ벩ʿĻǱȽϴģټлҢĿ鲻ղʿ벩ʿ󣬹УĲʿ벩ʿҲУֻɹʶƸѶȲ̫ߡ
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Ͱ͡صͷ
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˷ܵͷˣˣ΢һˣʲôòģ
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ͳһṩⷿȫҽҩߵоԺе
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132 һʮվ
Ƹҽҩѧоʿ벩ʿĸУܶ࣬˵ÿУÿֻƸʿôУۻҲ൱ɹˡ
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ҽҩߵоԺƸ֪ͨЩͶ˲û̫ĽţΪ˲Ƹʵ̫ˡ
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˶һ£ҽҩߵоԺĴرãҲƸӦ첩ʿҵ
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Ӧ첩ʿҵǷΪɣһǶڼѾѧĥĻ䣬ֻ벩ʿҵ֮һеĹĹŵĲʿһĶԼоȤڿУҪڿĲʿ
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лҢŶӵʵ̫ˣһŵҽѧĵһĸߵԺʿڿоѣӵҽҩѧоܻõȫʵ豸ֱǿԱƽ̨
ֻҪ뷨ִԸΪζŬҽҩߵоԺֱã
ԭȵĹλûõӣΪĳλҵжʵĿԱҲϣæͶ˼
ƸҳлҢԱдģҳ󷽣϶˻һͶݼͳƵĹܡ
ƸҳҳһСʱʱ䣬յļͳٷݣֻڼӡ
ɸĵһлҢ԰ѹصģЩͶݼоԱһҪ󡪡ԼԷĵȫԸʽڼ档
ҪʵȰ˺ܶĲʿ벩ʿ
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˵ԼᱻлҢˢʵĵȫûҪġ
лҢҪЩڼ渽ԼѷģȷʵῴͶݼз˶ƪ£µķڼⲢǡΨ塯֧ߡ
лҢ֪ЩоǺɹܷһƪƪ¶㲻ˣЩоر׳ɹɾܰѵʮƪϣЩоҪܶĥͷʿʱشĳɹЩģǿĵ͸ЩĿߵ˼άǷϽ߼ǷƣǷнŹо״Լ߶Դе̬ȡ
ӽܼʼЩ˵ľͳлҢĵϡ
ÿһ˵ļлҢͻ˵ۺһ֣ͶݼϵͳҲʵʱлҢķ
ǧƣ˵ĵ÷ھŰٷ֮ϣ˵ĵ÷ֻһٷ֡
벻лҢķΪʲôôֻͶݼǸ֪лҢÿһݼţЩ÷ֵ͵ˣжһ䡮ݴɡ
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˵ǣҵȣûеȵجĴ
лҢЩ˻һ˿صģ֮ǰֽţֻҪܹĵǾͿ԰ǰ淸Ĵҹ֪ܸģĪɡִԲѧ˵ĵ·ԽԽԶлҢֻ˵һ˼ˡ
ļ̫ˣЩ˵ֶӡˡ

лҢɸģ󣬼ֹͣգһյһǧİٶݼлҢٷΪ磬ɸٶݼʣµֻа˰ٶˡ
¼õȣ̭ʴһ
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лҢǣͷͰʵغûҵ˶ʿʿȽӴġ
˰ˣÿ찲һٶʮÿʿչʾʱֻӣˣÿʱ䶼ʮСʱ
лҢõٷֵĲʿ벩ʿǿ֮ˣʱ˹ȫſƸֻҪ㣬ҽҩߵоԺȫ̽ܣáĿ̭ơ;ɲȥˣǿʱ뿪
֪Щʿ벩ʿ֪̭Ϊһ֮жôš
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ǻŵǣԿʼǰһ죬ǶûյκصϢֻܰ׼
Щ뵽лҢһɧ
ǱҽҩߵоԺһýÿǰһ̨ԣֻҽҩߵоԺڲ磬ÿ̨жװҽҩߵоԺǷʱϵͳԼ֤ŵ¼ȥ֮󣬾ͻᷢ˻Ĺ֮ܽһƬհס
ŶˣһPPTܡ
ֱԿʼǰСʱڵһԵλпԺʿĿϵͳ˶ڲʼϵͳͻȻһʼʼдһĿҪڰСʱóһµо˼·о˼·PPTС
пԺĲʿˡ
Сʱóһо˼·ȷڿЦ
˺üΣĬšнʮ򡯣ǿѹ¶ԵĴ㣬ؿʼлҢĿ
ĿɲϹģлҢڿļ֮󣬽֮ǰչоԼҽҩߵоԺҪоĿ
ĿΧ֮ڣȴֲô׾һоԱѧԼٳӦ
Ե˻ſϵͳأͻȻ˵ļˣæһ˰ء
ҽҩߵоԺ֯δЩ̫Ӳˡ
˵һͷ˷׷׿ʼΪԼ׼ŬعԼ˽ʵ鷽˿ʼ²лҢһʲôĿ˸ɴֻˢ
Сʱ󣬵һ˱غȥԵСݣų̀Զػ
ʱֻӣлҢͰȡԼ쿵ԺʿίϯϣΪʱյԵʣлҢһϻû˵ϢǶѾ˽⵽ˣҽܣֱӿʼԼ⣬ôɡ
ǸпԺĲʿһԼPPTʼԼȫȥ
һӵʱЩţ˵ڶӣͽ״̬ˣӵĻ㱨ڳ߼˵ķְʱлҢϵͻȻ
лҢñӣ쿵ԺʿͰȣǾܵöٷ֣
쿵Ժʿ˵ʮ塣
Ͱȸ쿵ԺʿһʮҵķȻѧɹĸҺԺʿ
Ժʿ˵ܵðʮ֣˵ʮⲻǴԺʿ
лҢͷһŵǩԼ֣ݸǸˣпԺĲʿǺģҶ̤ʵ
ǸʿĨһ麹ɤ۵΢䡣
лҢվ΢ЦӭҽҩߵоԺְְ֮һϸ̸оݡʱչֳĶǴЩ覴õģҵʱһᣬȡһ£опΪ



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ԵλпԺʿа壬ֳѧҽҩߵоԺƸƻУֳѧоԱֻƸĸԵоԱȴʮ֮࣬õһʱľѾ˴أһԵˣ÷ֿ϶ߣpassĸ̫ˣǱƸ۵̬Եģû뵽лҢ͸offer
е㼤лڣĲٿһô
лҢЦˣѾǵúˣڲֳѧоĳɹȻܶ࣬㷢Ҷˣ뷨ҲԼоֻڿ߼ϻ΢Ƿȱһ㣬νԶ뵽Ŷµ߼ѵ̥ǡofferѾˣʱҽҩߵоԺofferЧǩ֮Ķʮڣ˶ʮ컹Ǿֻ˵źˡ
ͷò˶ʮ죬һȥʰһ¶Ҫʱ䣬߹ˣ
лҢصͷĿðͬһƮƮ˳ȥͬ쿵Ժʿ˵رϲԼ뷨ĿԱֻҪ˿еţǵоǻὥѾġˣһʮʵݣھʮļֵ֮µֵھȾ΢һ㣬ֻھļֵ츳йأȵ츳ʵϣһ˫־ͿȾˡ
ֶ˿䣬ƫУſʼڶ˵ԡ
ڶоԱµѧолҢ˵Ŀ߼Ҳoffer
һоԱõofferʣµ˶˿ҽҩߵоԺƸżҲûô
˵ˡĸˡˡԼ߸˵ʱûһõofferȫлҢˡ
ǡһ̭ʣǰõofferԽ࣬˵ĻԽ١
лҢоԱȥı׼ʲô
ոձˢУ˵ĳɼܺðѾõŰٶˣ˻ܱˢ
õŰٶֵ˱ˢˣõٶֵȴΪʲô
ЩԵ֪Ϊʲô䵱Թٵ쿵ԺʿͰȶ֪лҢΪʲôѡ
ΪʲôЩǿźˣлҢͶûиֻ̫࣬һʡͰ˸ˣ
ȵʮ꣬һСʱѾȥ˲Ъʱ䣬쿵Ժʿʳеɻ󣬡СлЩȥǸ˳ӣʲôе㿴Ե·
лҢóˢЩоԱļϴſϧ֮ɫ͵һԱǷҽҩߵоԺʵ׼һ츳һŬһǿԡ
츳ҪǴڲҵ˵Ŀѧо츳΢Ŭһ¾ˣû츳˾ʮꡢʮʱ䣬żյĲʿǹѧʿѧʿǵѧӦʮֲģҿЩ˵ļԼҽܣûչֳӦеѧ֡
λʮһƪ£оƪǶϴѧʿһֱԼ㱨ʱһֱմմϲҿ£õѧģͣǰѾָ֮Ǹģ͵ȱݣģ֪ͣҲ֪ûãΪǸģͱȽϸӣѶҲܴ󡣡
鷢ڱĲʿϣҾ޿ɷ飬ҲҪ˶ϿҵۺģͣĲʿûʸҵŶӣΪǶԵģΪֻҪеѧˣӦܿҵƪģģ͵ԽĶźǣǸʿûп
ڶŬЩررѵѧ˵ʿڶڼ䷢ƪ¶ѾǶˣһЩʮдµѧ˵ʿڶڼ䷢ƪ¡벻ͨġ
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һõĻҶƵʱ򿴵Щģǵоӿֳöѧɹ൱ڿϣΪʲôԣƽʱĶ׵Ĺûµλо״ûӴô¹ǰصоĿ;ѽȥҲġ
һЩʿдģǹѧ˵Ķ¹Ȼ࣬Ƕű˵Ľ˸أȫûԼ˼ڣģдһƪʲô壿ûѧŵģһֱںѧ
һЩʿԵĻ㱨˵Ļ̸ɵصҸоǵĵʦ˵Щ顭ЩѾѧȦѽˣ벻ףҽҩߵоԺܴϼȡЩʵѪҺ
ҪӲҪһҪ󡪡ԣ˵ܻ˾еٴգͬһʮҪĲָꡣ
һʿܷʦ߳൱Ҫġλʿſڱտھʦ˵ʲôʦΪʲô˼룬ʦ˼롣
˵˵ţлҢͱˣǸҲĵͲҺʦѧ磬ҺʦʲôڣԵֲʦһЩûõĶΪʦҾƸ¼ʦ֣û
쿵ԺʿɫЩ΢Ǹ˵ĵʦڣ˴ѧǱߵѧƴͷˣڻ༭˲ٳɹϣԺʿԺʿѡš
лҢƲ죬ĴԺʿվǰ˵ҪѧҶϸУУ츳ŬԲģҶܾ˵ʦûԺʿЪʱˣȣȥһ˽԰ɡ
лҢԼй֮󣬰ȺͶһЩŵ
Եʱ򣬶˶һ棬һ߷Щ˵ļ֮²лҢ˵Ҳܲµ㱨˵ȥˡ
츳ˣ׼ȷ˵츳Ѿѧޡѧޡѧޡҩѧ޵ˣҪ
츳ˣԲҪ
Ŭˣû츳һǲҪ
ѾͣûʲôԵˣлҢҲῼǡ
ͰÿζҷԼˡ
쿵Ժʿλһʼֻ֪˵ĻС顯СὥԼĹ۵ʱﻹͦȵģȵǣλлҢ뷨롣
쿵Ժʿ˸ͻȻһлҢΪʲôҪӡԡȽϹҪˡ
ΪлҢԼоŶӡ
ҪһܹͬһƵʡͬһάϸеˣҪһƴճĿŶӡ
ʵϣһҪ˳չȥչ׳ĿŶȷʵֲܴ̫ͬ
ͰлҢִģлҢ˵仰лҢһλҪʲô˼
ͰȾֿԺǿˣлҢ˼оѾѷĽлҢָһλλܲ
һһˣ궿ˣлҢͬǸ˵ĹͨпܻɼͬѼĳֳʱҪһĿġ
ͱ˵һлҢǸڵѧʱлҢǲʿɸʲôֻҪлҢĹ۵ڵĹ۵ڵأǸʿͺпܻͬлҢ⣬лҢ쿵ԺʿĿԱУѧ൱ǿһһ춼ˡ



142 һʮվ
ںȺУÿһն벻ͬķ˲ΣеˣʩԮ֣ЦЦ뿪
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㣬Ҳҡ

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ϵǱΪĴ󿳵Ѿڣκ飬Ϊһڣٺܶǡ
ҽҩϵͳлҢЩˡͽͽĳͷ
ԶЩȫвҽϣҽȫġͽЭ
лҢԭǴýҽҩϵͳ빫Ųڲϵͳ󶨣ԸԭٳٲϿȨлҢֻܿԽϵͳԼĿꡣ
׼ȷ˵˶ں֮Уֻ֤ԼڡסˣܻҽҩߵоԺҽԺľԼҩĹȨ
ҽҩߵоԺ˽ӪʣҲܲлҢͷ
һʱ䣬ȥ֤˶ţë
ϵĻ˲٣ɺܱȻ˶ࡣ˿Ҫȥ֤ˣæʲôӣ֪
лҢһУڷزΪҽԱȫ
ҽҩߵоԺ豸ƵĲţлҢǮѧ赽AIںˣһµʱ˲֤Լ֤ĵ豸׵APPѾܹˡ
Ҫύߵ֤ϣ֤ԼڡסȻύҽԺߵ֤Լ鱨棬϶AIȷ֮ǲŻõӦȨ
䵽ÿϵȨ޵ģAIϵͳÿύĲ֤ϣݴݼķʽóһƳҩοҩﹺȨ˷һƳ̵ҩûмЧǱᱻҩﹺȨֻеҽҩߵоԺҽԺ󣬲Ż½ⶳҩﹺȨĿܡ
Ϊ˷ֹв˶˵ͷҲΪ˷ֹ˷ò֢ҩɸɡ
ȻAIϵͳ˵ߵ֤ԼҽԺߵĲ֤ͻҩȨ֤ǿʵʱ鵽ģ֤ҲֻȥЩҽҩߵоԺϵҽԺܿ߳Чҿʶ𡯵֤
ҽҩߵоԺЩкϵҽԺһաÿҩĲ˶ҪдƼ¼ͬҽԺ֮ĺԱȣĳҽԺĳҽߵҩﳬϵͳġֵǸҽԺҽᱻȡȨҽԺĸ˼ҽҲᱻҽҩ
رһ£ҽҩߵоԺĿֻһøг

ҽҩϵͳһ²ص´ЧʲϢƵѣ֮һѵĻЩİԱ
ҽҩߵоԺͨ˹΢ֻҪ@ҽҩߵоԺԶѧϰAIں˾ͻȼϢϳλİԱ롮ѡλԱعĴﵽһٽֵͻᱻҽҩС
ÿһλˣҽҩߵоԺٷ΢AIܼҾͻᷢһϢ
ɳǷ@ҽҩߵоԺ֮ĴǾٱϿٽŵϴүȻ־ٱڵλҰ裬ԼĳЩְȨͶѧѹեʦǮκòȴƫƫòٿҩҽһ֮ڣAIܼҾٱɸѡ롮ѡߴǧһǧֱӱ롮úǧ˱ˡ۲֮С
գȡˮŶվýĢžھҽѧҽԺɷõһλʹϴ衣
λϴĢŵľͷ޵ôض㣬ҷ˼Ҽ֣ʮֵغڣҲӦԼʹ۸СᣬӦڹռҲӦڲг˴ܣҸռθҽ˵˺򲻵ҩ鿪ķ֮һθҺڰ
۸߶һ£൱гһˮġ
һ䡮֮У˱仵ˣǻ˱ˡ
ɵǣʹ˵˶׵òǸָİ֢Լ򲡣ʱ
ҽҩϵͳ֮֪Ϊ˺ʧȥ˹ҩĻᡣ
ЦĻһ㳡̫̫Ϊ춼͸ѧ򳡣ռ˼ҵ㳡裬ÿλóĻЩѧͱЩѧ¼СƵʽϡ
Ϊ˰λ̫̫ҽҩĺЩѧͣת@ҽҩߵоԺ֮ܶǰƵȨأɹλ̫̫ȥȱʱ򣬵֪ԼϢ
ҽҩߵоԺԵ޹ʵؽһ豸ϻṫԭ̫̫ԼѧƵʱʱͺˣʹԱôȡ
ԱǿסЦ⣬Ҫߵģص֤дر֤飬ȷ´βٳͬСʱͻ߽֮ٳͬٱᱻúޡ
ᱻúŶ仰Ϊ˲֪˵ħ䣬ƵЩŵͷ̫̫צؾˡ
˭֪Լʲôʱ͵òˣ
Լˣ֪ҩΣΪԼ򲻵ҩҪЩ൱޷֤ʵƣǲû
ҽҩϵͳºľòࡣ
ԭЩĲͷ̫̫ڶô֪ºˣֱ֮ǰˡ
ЩҽҩߵоԺɺҽԺûΪҽҩϵͳܵӰ죬෴ģΪЩҽԺõҽҩߵоԺȨǸԸЩҽԺ
ȻСΧСӰҽʱзЩҽҩߵоԺɺϵҽԺҽǸڵģƣ˶൱ĺϸļֵۣЩƢõò˺޲ýԼ죬һʮСʱޱտ
ܶҽԺȥҽҩߵоԺ̸ҽҩϵͳ飬ǻҽҩӦõ˹ҺŻȥ
ֻҪҽ¼ʲôϲ޴Ӱ¼ᱻ֮У˵֢ˣǿոð磬ҵš
ȻҽԺĲܵһ̶ȵӰ죬ҽ¼ȴǻ϶žˡҽȻܵ΢Ӱ죬ڿɽܷΧ֮ڣϾҶ빤ŹžͻȻһͱϼǸɴͷڿϹ
ʵԵĻҽԼʱԣһ㣬ʱϢʱȫֿҪʱʱͱҽԺϢѣһӻڵӰԺǹ԰һͿҽԺ񱼡
ȻҽѧٵĽ죬뷨Ҳֻˡ

ҽҩߵоԺĳɹ˶ҩĹģһʱ䣬㳬˹ڵҩΪ˻޵ҩ
ѧԺͨ쿵ԺʿлҢίβԺʿ¡
ǵһ˵ֻҪлҢԸύϣͿԱ֤лҢԺʿ
ǵڶ˵ֻҪлҢͬ⣬ǿлҢ׫дϣ֤лҢԺʿ
ǵ˵ֻҪлҢͷΪΪлҢһλá
лҢԡĲڴˡˡ
Ƕغ͸չʮƾ˶ĳɹΪԺʿһλǿѧԺԺʿһλǹԺԺʿۿԼյͬʦܶôҲž꣬ԼĳɹȫҲ˹ԺԺʿ
ΨлҢǿѧԺ֦ǹԺ֦ûдӦҽҩߵоԺΪ壬ͬЭҽѧԺҽѧһѧʵѵأҽѧԺϵ˽
ҽѧ쵼⴦ѧʵϰءΪҽѧлҢϵƱ̱ѾݵλӾǳгܵ˽ͬлҢһٴƣﻰⶼǶлҢĸлллҢܹǰӣҽѧӾܲ˳
лҢһھƣʣʲôʱ򽫾ҽѧܲˣ
ξƾͷΪʲôҽѧĿίʵʱҽҩߵоԺоԺһֱӦ
лҢһ£ʲôʱ򲻴Ӧˣ׷Ŷӵʵ飬һֱǻкܶ๲Ŀأ
ɫǺ죬Ϲ˵Ŀ֮⣡Ϲ˹ϵã˽Ϲ˵Ŀ֮⣬㻹ĸʵ飿
лҢûп
;ҽѧЩԹҽҩߵоԺ˶֪ίҽҩߵоԺʵĿţë׷Ŷίʵʱ׷ڶͬлҢһклҢͬӦ豸Աһкһʱ͸ˡ
ίʵлҢȻкЩ豸Ա˾֪лҢ뾩ҽѧЩ飬϶Щ˲ӣǻЩŶӲӡοᵽЩ飬Ŷأ
бۿлҢ˵ʱǸ˲յĿҸ㲦ʽأû뵽Ϲ˹ϵáСл֪Щ˵ûãһ˵һ˵ͬϹ˲һֻŶɸɾվѧȦòı¶һֻ̤Ȧģܶʱ򣬾ƫ̻㣬ҵĳ㶼ֻΪ˾ҽѧΪ˾󡭡
лҢȥЩëƤƱȰεҵЯһֱȥ鶼ˡ
ǲ˻ǷƪˣλٸҽѧһлҢƫ̻ĸУĻᣬҲҪһƽĻᡣ
ﻢµлҢǱƣ̾ô˵ˣֻǷƬˡ
ЦЦʣﻹˣ
˭֪лҢĶС۾಻°ɳӣлҢһ䣬˵Ҫǲ뵢˾ҽѧЩУѣҲôҽѧء
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