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 1 

δǷְɡ
ھһѧôļ尾ڰ仰˵ˡ
˿2019һ죬AһѩһҹͷŰ񶼱ŲһֵĹ԰ֻδˡ
˵仰ĬĬסģסԼǧˣͬʱͼ͸ԷĿֺͻĿϳڵı顣
ΪʲôδĬòſڣӿﴫЩƵģէһΪǱˡ
ʲôЦδˣǲᱻġԼղһ˲ðͷֱⳡͻлƣժ˿˵һ㶼
Уժδܾˡ
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統ΪԽһ̤˲·
Ϊʲô֣δһοڣû˿ֵڵ峺ƫ͵ɤĳ
Ͱˣһʾֱӻش𣺡а͸ø߿ˣרעѧϰ
δĿûа
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ҪǣƵô࣬ǵϵȴûκνչ̸ˣҲŵǣֵĽ׶ΣǷǣһ֣̾ãδѧĸо̸ֻһڡ
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һ£ź֪ĸоȡֹȣ·߶ȵģͷף·де̻޵ĻԤʾŴ˿̾ԲǶ졣
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¿ˮαһ䣺41ʱ򡭡̬ͦ                        
лҪ˵磺ҿˡ
ע⣡ͺ岻ôͺҪ˧ʮģ

 2 

绰䣬һ򵭶δָһ£ҡ
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ͷȾ費                        
лҪ˵̣Ұȥˣźٺ
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 3 

һ࣬ղŻ˿ɽһ㣬ܹȥָλϵ״ϴ󣬾һֱλϣ˵ʲôߣ
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һ¼һµĺˣڶµ췢ΪɶΪ˻ûǮᣬһҪۣҪööۣ

 4 

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 5 

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 6 

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ﾲڼ鳼ºʼ
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ңһĪʲôʱ˵ʲôʱЦˣ
㣡ϣ˶ġ
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ˢˢԴ𰸣˵ȫԺҵʣǲǰ𰸣Ҷ˵ôܻ֪
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ŵĽһ£ͻȻڳзԼǮܶǾ仰ǷˣΪ˿ʱԼ
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δƽĸһϴͷˡ
磺                        
лҪ˵Ľһǧǲ£µѻ꣬¸»
δ
Ӹأµˣ½ˣǾֲ̫ãֻǰ·ˣ컹ʱϾŵ¼к

 7 

ﾲĵģڵŲķӦҲ㶵Ķδ˰κ۵һ˳ȥ
ĿޣܿʱµĿᣬԵĽջ⧲δˣû뵽Լһ£Լɻ
δƿߣƽתˣǳ˳飬û˾ԽԽ֡
һС󣬰ñ֮ǰҪ֣ſǽλãݡ
ǵһμסδ԰鳼ֻ
ǰĳ̵˵ͷ˵ݣķӦղ˵Ӧöģѵıˣ
ǰɣᱳ𰸣Ҳôɸպñ˲ɣҪ֪ϰᣬܶ඼׶ʦľ˾͵ģһ˿򲻵СӼȺġ
ǵĶԻ䣬ȵĿСӣôϰĶ֪
Լ԰ڵ£֤ԼЩ˲ͬȻЩҪˣҲû˴СһȻҲǲһԱ
˵ͷҪ˵ע⵽Աߵ˻һĶӣ֪ʲô
ԼôʳķϣһαԼĹģʲôأ
顣Ľҧгݵ˵֡
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ĽЦһɫԴڵƹãĬĬö࿴һ۶ҪϹˡ
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Ľбһۣɸɾҵһѱӡмһ
ճЦ꣬ξ˽ʱѻȸ߽ѲһȦüδҳһ¡
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һһŤͷĽڳƬһ£Ƭģ
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ĽһӵĻΪղŵĳŵֻܷйٲƽϢŭ˳һ磺أʲô
һ֪ʲôءǳЦſ㡣
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Ľ˰죬ûкˣʱأ
˼ģΪʲôҪţ粻
Ľ꣺˼Ҳ
һοԴĽŭʾͰͷȾ
Ϊ˱ըëٶǸΨһĳġע⵽һǰ棬Աߵλǿŵģɵú棺û˸һ𣿡
Ƕֻѧϰһ𣬰Ҳ̫СһԱߵλöǿŵġ̵
翴׾Ȼɴһڿ۾ӵϢ̾ʾͬ飬Ŀת˰ſڡ
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칫ڣ˵ǰüδ֯ɵıǺõģвǡĵطָӦùָ𡣡
δƽڣǴˡ
ָһ飬Ȳᣬôܵȫأ̫ͬ
δĬһ˲ԾԵƣӸµĿ۲ͷȻ󵭵ĿʵǸϴͷˡ

һҪ޳ĵһۣסˡ
˵Ҳ˵δˣɴС»ˣ˵˼󣬾ͽǻȥˡδתߣĥĥĲ뿪ʦҲͬһ
δһͣ
õľܾδҪ޿ɺǣֻᣬҲܡ
Ҵˡδû
ͲʺŵĿ
ҽܵλδޱ飬һ㶼ϴˡ
̫ǿ˰죬ҲûôͻȻϴֻãȻ˾䣺ȥ
δĬһ˲ǽеڶţĽǰǸλãš                        
лҪ˵δλҪ򲻼ͬѧϵǸ
񣺣
ֿĭȻ۵СǵǸ¼

 8 

ٽѧʱδؽˣһŰﰲһ˲˶͵͵Ĵһǽǵˡ
ţǹĶſ
δصλϺû£ԼĶߡۿԼˣ￩һ¡òǱʦˣһ֮Ҫһѧɣǵѣ뿪ѧУַӾ͵ͷ
ΪԺʱδߵбǰͣüͷһ£ĬڳԱ¡
磺
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δһԼͬԼӡ
¿ˮСĵĴڨԺͬˣҽг㣬ԺʲôҪľ͸˵ˣƬԲԣ
磺Ƭİɣ
ĬĬǽ룬ѹĽôδôڣ
˲ѧϰõĶĽıҲ˵겻ͷһ³ԴܲеϢܽдҵ
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ĽĴӺ洫УʲôʱĿǣΪʲôûָң
㣺
ѹΣǺƬûˣҲ֨ʵʵĴϰѧһ죬Ľ˲ûӰˣһ̵İһʳϵãŸҪȥһߴӰ͵ǰ
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Ϊʲô
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δһ£۵΢΢
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á
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á
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˰ǰߣյſڣͿСһ˶ǳ糯֣ҡ
ӴүСӻӦԴۿ˺ǾͿʼôƺ
һڱܳˣδӹʳӺ˹ȥأ
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ˣһˡᣬæڽ͡δһۣû˵
СһֻǴɣʱ˿ЦϴòϲŮ˵ʲôҲܱһ
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оһδĺ֡
ӸղžûδĬĬǰһСӻû˺֡ڷʳͬʱһ㶣СȷӦҪ԰и㣬лүһ
ȥɡڰ֡
Сˣſδָ
ġδ
һ£أͲܸ˳ˣ
δһܳ𣿡
ġδſ
˭ģֻ˭ԣСѧǳ˳飺ҵĶҵˣҲˣ
šδ䡣
Ҫǰǵ¹ȥˣɽ첻֪Ϊʲôһ£˼ĽҵʳҾ͸ҷˣôľͲУ
Ǻ֣ҪɷǺңĲһ
ʵɻ󣺡ʲôһ
δĬˣ¹ⲻữմȾһ˿¶ȡĿɫͻȻԼʵһϲģԼһ𣬲ֻΪܸѧĿ֡
Ҳԡƽ
磺ݣŻϲԼĴ                        
лҪ˵磺Ҿ̫
δҾǻ̫
ϲŮģһͬ־ǱɰֱֱŤֱ¼

 9 

δֱصᣬﻹ߬һк֣ݺհѵƴ򿪣ע⵽ԭֻһסķ˿̶һ䡣
ĬĶ俴˰ΣĻصԼǰֶ˶İ棬߾ûӺƿ˷·һһۿ̳ĵܡ
һֱҹܲ׼ϴëͻȻһԿš죬ȾͷĽƿţ⧲δˡ
ܳסĽһ
δɨȾĺڷ˳۶ˡ
Ľ˳˳ۣõۣأס𣿡
š
ĽͻȻ֮ǰǵ˼䣬ͻȻס˫˼䣬ҲˣôˣƫƫסһҲɺϣ
ɺϡδش
Ȼɺϣ϶ϰ֡ĽһͻȻ׽δеص㣺֪ɺϣ֪ǵĹϵ
δǵĹϵƽ˲֮ǰΪֹһֱ̲ߣڿӦҶˡ
Ӹú˵ô˵˭̲ߣĽȻܻץص㡣
δĬһ˲˵Ҫò
ͣƫôԴ翴ݿϵĽ˳񳤱һԼ˵͸ӲͷǳҲһ١
ôţͿʼĦȭԾԾˣȻһδ˫۾˲ˡ
ܳô񶼸ϰô͸ϰһ˭µȥ֣û취йĽֻըëèȥ
ĲͷܡǷУ׼ȷĴݸδδĿָⲻ֪ж
Ľˣһƨ.ԼϣδڶԼͷʲô
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ϾֶδҲû취ѡ񰡡
ĽԽԽᣬûע⵽δˣӦʱδѾߵǰһкֱַߡ
ĽƤһ£һŹֵĿδ
԰ɡδо
ĽʲôëԵ±Թʥĸ
ûףδѾȥԡˣһᴲϣüͷźֿξԼͦԥһ»ǲˡ
δϴʱϻŰ˴롣˵߽ʱĽȻһΣ֪й㣬ˡ
Ե㡣δ˵仰ֱȥ˯ˡ
Ľһһ߱ŤһʣµĶˣͿʼʧˡ
кֵĸڶϽʱĽ۵׺һСƬ˶ήҲ񣬶ͬͬѧƺҲûõȥ
ӴȾˣ˧Ц
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۾Ȼúδûδ⣬ҲδҪЩʱȻԹԵģϺڷ˳ëֱֵ˵Ҳӿɰˡ
ţֻèҸԸһֻʱըëè
ĽĿ佱飺Ժ׼ٽһ̡
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Ҳ˵һкһҹ£Լɡ
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ĽŤͷ鳼ҿʦ˯һ
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Ľſ£Դ磺˯ɣʦҽ㡣˵˸Ƿֱ˯˹ȥ
ҲûίԼ˱ڻܿϰʱг˯ȥ
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֪˯˶ãĽĽͻȻһ£˲𡢷顢˼״һǳɣһ㶼մоѡ
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һ£˳ʦĿ⿴ȥͿ˯硣
Ľˡ
ſαôҲû뵽20ԺѧУȻԭ׳ͷʽյ峿¶ƫߣȴЩ䣬Ҫ䡣
һֱϰű࣬Ľ̤ҵһ̣˵ĿˢˢľۼϡޱߣλһξʱĽѾվ·ˣϻԵĲڡ
һǷֱ¶ûĽͷڵĿһ¿һԷ͡
װû˵
Ҫǻ˱ĴҲըëˣȻ磬̲סһ㣺ʳõĹóԣҲζܺãҴȥô
ĿĽ۾һҪ˵ͿְͷŤ˻ȥ

һֱϰ¿ΣĽδڨδζڣֻһȥԷ
ϴû°ɣ鳼Ŀôڵģ˿̼ԶɵСĵʡ
ĽͷĿһۣʲô£Ͻô壡
鳼ʲôʱôˣ
ϴҲûŮѣ֪ô尡Сӽӻ
Ľ˵ŮʲôϵͿԼǰδ׼ȥԷˣһδǰι˵ʶӦñ˽֪ô𣿡
δ˼Ŀʳʱżв˵ʱ򣬾ͻԺܶʳͺˡ
Ľ룬УԱŲһδߺ󣬳ÿڣϴ󣬲Ҫ̫࣬һͲˡ
ԣԽԽõģһ̽̽·һоͻķСҲŷ
鳼Ľͬĵ˵ͷʣϴʲôʳ
ְɣζĽ˼ãǧʳѡ
                        
лҪ˵δתô죬ӦǼ̳ҵ
Ḷֱ̌ȣ
ְ̡̣̳̣һӢɵӣ˼죬˸ˣ쿪ʼɳ88Ӽǵþ֡

 10 

극϶һк֣ޱĶſƬ̣ǳͰ
δ˳Ŀ⿴ȥϵĺֺһ£ҡ
û˵㡣ֹһ䣬û
ʱˣҡ
һ£ŤͷȥʱͿմļ鳼ٺһЦָָԱߵĿguyϴġ
ԼˣĽı۾ȴһֱ
Ĭһ˲Ϊʲô
Ϻ㱻ϴΣԾ͸Сʳϣˡ鳼ΪĽߵһȣ޷˵е͵
һװĽע⵽˺ܶ࣬ץס˻᣺治ǹģϣҲԣԵ㡣
磺
δ
һֱһڿϿΣĽûף˺ˣôͻȻʧˡһڿ͵͵磬ȫ˲ѧϰȻ㲻磬Ҳȥѧϰ
Ľֻ˻µĴèһӣԼصúܺá۵һ˿Ц⣬ԽԽ档
ʵֻ˯е㱩꣬ʱģҪһĵСūʦĽһǸԵģھʹһġ
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ĽһȴҪװ⣺
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Ľһ£˵ֹһ䣺ƾʲô
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Ľ̸ڵĿߵˮǺ󣬲üͷñʴ˴δĺ󱳣ι
δͷĿĿ
ңڸϰֶӵĸоôĽǳ˳飬ע⵽󣬵ѹ⹷ƢôһǳȻͦ죬ǰȰȰôС
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δзһ˿ԵĲβŻ¡ĽŹֵĿˣôºʵеСܳһ
ҲˣǻȰȵĸԼʲô⣬ҪԼôû˺ãĽһ²Ļֱͦ¾ıӰ֪ΪͻȻе
˲翿Ԯˡ
Ͽһ죬ĽøСˢˢдѾ˯ѵĿһۣСӾͱƵԼǰдһ֡
ǸҵˣʳҲˣҪٲңҲ
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Ľɨһ۱ӣѧüʾʡ漴ڱдһ䣺Ҳԣ˭ԣ
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㲻׷Ҳ׷ľľһ㶼ʣϳʲģ׷ģ

 11 

һ̣ûסЦһǰƸˣ
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磺ʲô𣿡                        
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 12 

֮ĽͻȻñȻһըˣûĻ˭ԼСֵģ
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⼸ڵİ˴Ǯ                        
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 13 

ۿŵ˲ҽϰһŬһ΢ЦĽô˵ԺҲͬˣҪֵ̫ԺôദϽְͣɡ
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ѶĽͲˣ˯ˣȵڶһ磬ֱȥϰ࣬յûãͿĽˡ
Ҹ㷢Ϣûյʡ
һµͷֻſʱϢĿ
УĽ˵ķʡ
ǳ˳飺У㰮
ԺʱҪҡĽ˵ͱŤĽܿˡ
һ£ΪʲôԼˣһ
ˣĽ̷񶨣ֻǶе㷺졣
ʧЦʲôʵ㻹֪ôСģ
㶮ƨԶ㣬ҪϷˡĽû˵Ҫˡ
ƲƲ죬ҪͱϰȥɨˡĽɻõüͷְߵĳ嶯Ҳ֪ԼôˣѶɡ
絹ûʲôϾɲ춼µģȴҪʵģƽʱɨɨᶫʲôģǷǳ¡
ϰȥһȦͿɾ˲٣ⲻ٣æʱ´Ϸ
ĳհļһһϰŮ˾ǺãϧҪ˵㣬˵һɾͻǮҪŮ˾ͺඡ
ҲˣӦ֪˺ܿɣȥԼŮ˻ҪɨһͷëԼë͵
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ˣԺͬ£𳳳ˡæȰ
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˱ơûһ
ֿܿǸɿһԼ̨ˡ
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ǾôˣĽʡ
˼룺Ҳһ
Ľ
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ȫԱΪ˱ϰеϢëֻĿ磬еĵΡϰһ̺˾첻ˡ
ëסȷеֺŭʣɵģƾʲôߣ
ʱı֣ҶԱһֱû˵㣬ԽԽ֣ھȻΪ£ϰȻòᣬ˻߰ɣôõķϣҾͲˡ
ë㶣һ˲䶮ˣһ߷ŭ𣺡ݺң
ʲôݺʲô֪޹˫ۣһ崿İ
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ˣϰ¹ʻ벻Ҫˣ浱Ҳ֪ʱôģ˵ʱ͸ǶϹӣ
ϰ⻰һëŭָǮĲҪҲø浱Ӻ۸
ϰ·ҷ֪ˣĬĬϢ˳ȥЦȥĽˣëˣԺɾҵˡ
Ľ
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ֹÿȥϰĽҲһǰһУȥҹ࣬ڶǳ˯ֻʦʱŻ۾Ȼһֱ˯Ҳ㣬µĺȦԽԽء
δÿο˯ѹ͵һ֣ͬĳÿ춼ɪɪŬѧϰ
һϣδصʱͿĽѾһѣӵһ˲䣬Է˰֣ҽϲˡ
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Ľһ£ֵĿһۣܸ
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ĽüôҪٱǣһ£ѧУǿɽġ
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ͨ϶ãʱ˵ôȥȷʵ̫ãѾڰʱļ.ְˡ
δҪţͬüȥúϢ
Ľ㶣˫۾ʱȻ˵ܾĻͻȻĬˣֱֻ죬ĽŻع񣺡¥µңȲ˵˵һԱȥˡ
δĬƬ̣ת׷˳ȥȻ¥ʱ¥ǰһ˶ûУĽȻ뿪ˡ
һվ¥£·ƽӰúܳµסվ¶Ҫˡմӳлĳ㿴һ£ǰкأ
δ̧ۿ֪Ľȥĸ𣿡
֪ҲҪȥ𣿡Ŀ

Ľ鳼СһУߣͻȻʶԣ͵ػͷһӰ
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Ӧ̸İɣһġСڵ
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ҾˡС̵
鳼ǲŹκαĵĻ᣺ϴȥȥġ
ŤͷĽ쿪ʼˣĶûǼĶࡣԭһҲȥһΣΪţ໨˲Ǯ
ҪܡĽͷ
֪˹ִһˡ
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˿ëڸԷСĵ㡣Сһ䣬ԴǽëҲôˡ
۵һ˿񣺡ôô겻ɢ
˭֪Ҳܲģϸո˹ʣ˵Ǯ˳Էܰο
Ȼô˵ˣ绹òϾڲֻԼСڣСЩĺá˼Ӻ󣬻ˣǼϷһ뿪
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ʼ磺ҲȷΪԷһ۽컹ȥɡ
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鳼֪һҲܶϴ˾ô񰡡СӸп
鳼Ŀһۣҿү˾ź񡣡
һһﻥãûǰĽͻȻͣҪսżʱײȥˡ
СӲ̧ͷϴôû˵꣬ͿǰԶëʮ˶ÿﶼ˰֮Ķ
һ£ʶ鳼պúͼ鳼ˣĬĴӱ˴п˶Է˵Ļ֤үϴĸĻᵽˡ
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СӺͼ鳼Ħȭơ
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һֺʱĽŤͷͳͬȥСӺͼ鳼һ£ʶ·鶼ҪˣҽŸܣܿɢ
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Ȼӷ࣬ǽ·ǽֲ̫ϤܿܵԼϲ巽ˣǰսǴ󣬲ʶԼһȦȻЩ˸ǰˡ
һҪŤͷ·ͻȻһֻ߬ס˸첲һ뱻ǽǴͰ
ʶˣײŵ˲䣬ŵϤζ̧ͷֻںڰ򢡣
ͷ޳ָͣĴϣѹӣꡣ
лҪ˵88ұߣӴıߣӿʼǾͻýչɿ
vֳ£кСʱ12㣩󣬼ǵþǵС֣ǰһк200ֹ15賿ٷ15֮ǰԵĶлᣡ죬һҹȴҲҪˣǣ

 14 

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֮˵ӵ飬Ϊĸ첲Ȼס, ȴû, ֻ, ڰӤһ㡣籾ͳٶ۵Ĵ, סˡ
ıǼϵĲľζȻûıס, Ҳĸо£ĺ΢ЩԼİɫͻ΢΢ζʶס
ֱһҵĽŲͻȻ, ͵ػ
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΢ġӵ, סһֻ֡δֻǲ, ȱǣסֺ˶絹ûж, ֻǾһ, ǣָһܡ
ŲԽԽ, ȴһ˲ʧˣ۾˳δ, ûĻӦһ£ֵĿ
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ûعĹ򣬶һžžһͨᣬЩ˿ʼʱ˲ͲսˣδǵİΧг˳ȥ
ǣס֣ƴǰܣҪһʱδ侲İסǱͬ
磺
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δѾ֪ˡλƽʱǾԲֵطģ֮Ի֮⣬ʵҲڶԭ
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٣δץص㣬ȥɲȥ
û뵽Լô˵©ˣɴƹˤˣ԰ڹ׬ѡ
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ȻĶ룬δ˵һ䣺Ҫѧϰ²Ӧռ̫ʱ䡣
˲侲ˣǮ͵ĻԼֻһҪǾѧϰDD
ⲻ־Ϊѧϰ
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ôһ˵ͷֿˣԥԥĸ˹ȥû취ղܳһ˵ͰǴ˰죬ϵζȻڲ̫ţȥɽһ֤˶ܱһ̲ˡ
δƷŵùģеΣҲӰʲôġ簲οԼ䣬ƨߵߵĸȥˡ
ݵú㣬һ˷֮ϵĺѾȥˣһֻʲôδӵ˯˯ϾС
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һ˯˺ܾúܾãΪеĶӲŲԸ۾Ϳδڴ̨Ͽ飬˹һһӰУӢò˼Ʒ
̲סһֱſķһֱûзҳĶҲʼԽԽ졭ǲ˰ô侭ô
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δ˱𿴸һʳ˼̻𣬿ҪҲʮͷţҪ񣬹ԻǱ׷Ǹˡ
бУѧУʱĽĿܱߣȷû˺кǣ˳ȥϳ˶ˣֵĳ˹ȻˣȳȥʱѾˡ
ܳëյİѰˤڵϣһŽ·ϵСʯͷ߷ɣʯͷڿзߣһǽѧ
⳵ϣ糤һȺӿԣ
Ǵһֱ㣿δü
ʼ磺Ҳûİ취ˣܵùС
δĬˣĽһۣһֱɣ³ˡ
ڳϿǽȥδ
һ£Ӧˡ
ȵ˵طĽ³ˣδǽ֮뿪
ڶһ磬ĽվſڣҪëȺڲڣͿδװĸߴ˳ˡ
Ҹڣǣδͣרҵʿڣһĵ㡣
ĽڵǮʮ˰ɡ
δɧʱҲǾ°ͶҪˣǮյû𣿣
šδӦһ
磺ͷ
ҭһ£ҪĵļȰƽѾʮǮǲ˵ġ
һʼΪʲôҪͱأӿһ
δֻͣǡ
ͷۣⲻǴŲŵ¡
ȻǮˣþ̫ϧˣǾôˣëǮԼֲʮ죬ʱͰȫˡĽ̽ӻ
һۣȻװûֱӸδˣѼϼһֶڡһÿǵδ
ȻԼҹƳϢʱ䣬ڶ𣬻ǻӰ쵽һְ뷨Ľ뷨ʱԷ̵ʮǮûΪ˲˷Ҳʮٴǡ
۾ȷΪ˲˷ѣ⼸ëǰѶסǣȻδζͱڴƨȴ䣬´δǣȻÿλ䡣
Ľ.ˣŻȰȱ뿪ٴְ
ȣټּ졣Ľͷ
һаɣ־ͼ֡պùĩȫ࣬ܶõǮ
ôľˡ
죬֮ǰһ͵ſڣδεڣü˵ģһ졣
ţҾʹְˡЦ
δüչλ㡣
š֪ܾҲûãɴӦˡ
δһ£ǰߵĻǵøң㡣
ӦòҵһĹʲСε
δ֣㴹뿪ˡδͱ뿪źĽһɡһȥëһĳڽһѾԭӡ
Ҫ۾˰ɡȰ⼸ȻٶҲŰ˲ᣬˡ
ëһУҲһֱͱڣҪôǮҲϰˣٵ죬ܻȵġ
ǡ
ϻˣǻǲֵܣëݺݵĿǡ
ʣ¼΢΢¶࿴˭Ҳû˵뽩ʱëͷͻȻһ˲۾̧ͷϴʯҵѧʱ̬ȶʲô

ϸտŵʱһĶûУֻ̨Ϻ档ĽԼλϣһŤͷͲˣӺŴﻹ
ôԼܳȥˣĽüͷ
ݸһſģëҪǸҹŤͷܣ϶סҡ
ĽһҲǣ·ڵǰһߵϷһ߳ԾҲһųԣܳ濴ʱʱҲ̫зˣֱһһ
ʲô࣬˵Ľͷü
ȴЦģҸһġԼĳڿɱʮء
ĽԳĬһ˲ֹĿһۡ
ʱѾǻˣЦľҪЦû˵ڣſͻȻһɧңͬʱ˹ȥֻëż˽һֱӰѾբˡ
ιǸʲôüͷ
ëЦʲô.裡˵˾Űڵĳǹˡ
ܻҵ㡢ɵĻӶǸģҪǴҪģ
еǮӸ.ǣëŭһ󲽳ǳ
һݣһȹϣĽ׼ʱץסһ˵󣬸ɴ˸ˤˤڵʱܾԼĶҪˤˡ
Ҳ֪Щⲻ𣬵ĿǰҪǱסԼ̵ֻʱڸһӣҧӭսЩˡ
ľսĶڽ䣬ΡΡĲͨ绰հѵַʲôıȥֻͱˤ˵ϣæȥֻȴ˰סһͨᡣ
ĽռЩˣʱһþͲˣ˶ٵ˺Ľٳûɴҧ绤¡һ£ŭĽ̫ˡ
㣡ĽˣıôһԼҲˡ
ȴʵĻڻ󱳵۾Ҫˡ
ֱ״̬ûãͼʱϵˣֱӰڳ˶ȥ˾
ھ֣˫ִһʣ˵ëǹˣԼ޹ģëԼȥģִŹˣ˫д
ƨĽһ䣬˵ʱǣǵ˿ڣͷһſܣɼأ
ûذᣬȻ֤ȫ˵дδԴϰòͷ˲Żװء
˫û֤ݵ˼ˣ˫ֿʼϰ廹سٳٻز඼ѧϰʱز޷Э⳥£ֻȰÿ˵ݶǼˣҪҳ죬һֱš
һҪҳ죬ĽʱըˣŵϽѵô㻹Ϯ
ûҪ𣿣Ľʡ
緭˸ۣҪǣüҳ졣
Ұ趼ϽˣңĽ˵һ£Ŀϣ𣿡
ûС޹Ŀ
δ˵ˣ绹һڻؼҰĻƻ֣˵Ҫʲôоɲ뵱СһԼ֪ôϵ
ͻȻˡ
ڣ˲ǱҳҲôҲã붼ˣֻСֹ¶ڽ
Σ飺Ҫ
ֻ˵־ûˣĽȴ·ˣһصĵ˵ͷ
ʮӺѧУδӵ˵绰ԿͻȻ𣿡

 15 

δ绰ʹҴҳ, ɳʱĽڽһ˶һݵ̲ںȣԱһڿĵĽ, һƽʱյصĵ, С
һ飬¶ĲӺ͸첲, Ҳһ˺ۣϺڰɫĳ, ͻЩۡĽ, Ǻȧ϶ƿ, ҲȾһѪ, ܿĵطǸˡ
δ䣬˵Ϣ񶼱, ѹĮ˸һۣ̲סħһɪɪ
һĵıһ, ͵͵ָһԱߵĽĽ˳Ŀ⿴ȥδ֪Ϊ, Ҳһĸо
ô, Ϊʲôô£
ڽǴܲԵľ壬ͻȻ, һºŤͷȥ, δ۵һ˿ɻ, Ŀ֮һȦȻǸ磿
šӲͷƤӦһ
˵˵üҳ죬øô£ü, ΪʲôֱӸ֪ҳ뱻𣿡
ǸĸʱܻʲôµĻҹͨͺáδ˵Ѿ˹Ŀڡ
üͷûչϰʱһɳҪ⳥ˣܸ𣿡
ҿԡδ۾
Ƭ̣ôصӣ̲סٿСɳһˣҲȷʵԥһº󿪿ڣаɣǼһ£Ǵ绰Ļǵüʱ
õġδ˵꣬㴹ȥǼˣʼնûǱ߿һۡ
ߺ͵һͬʱһֲĸоϮͷ˵˰ɣ
֪Ľ˵˾䣬Ȼ̲迪ʼںȡ
㻹ȵȥأ
Ⱦ˷ˡĽĿƣϳϣԼеδ񷸴֮һ
˵еһԼʣС뱭̲裬ʵûθںˡ
δǼϢ㳯˹Ľ̲ѾʱζɨһۡĽͷƤ飬ǿİһԡ
Ҫﻹа뱭ǸղŵĴǵġע⵽δĿ⣬ȵİԼʣµİ뱭ϡ
δĿںʣ̲ϣ̧ͷͿ˰ߵѹ˲ˣޱתߡ
磺ȾͲȣô˰
Ľͬʱ̾һȥˡ˲ţδ֮׵ľ룬ÿοδ˾̲סһ¡
ܳܲеϢʲôĽͷѹ
бһۣ㲻ôСʲô
ɳһ죬ûУĽǿҪ˵ͿǰδͻȻͣʱûˡ
籾볰Ц䣬ʶ鲻̫ԣæ̧ͷǰŷδ֪ʲôʱѾתڵˡ
ĽԽԽᶨƤıһû취ģֻӲͷƤǰȥôˣ
δûлشǾֱĽȽ죬ҽԺ𣿡
ǶСˣȥҽԺġĽֻèڴħʱʧȥ˰ԡ
δת磬̵û£ȥҽԺҲĨҩˮʲôģҪźþõĶӣ鷳ˡ
δĬˣμǰߣĽͬʱһȻɵ״̬̫ԣһۺװʲôûĸδ档
һֱǰߣûд򳵻ѧУ˼ò׼ҪʲôҲֱʣֻĥĥںšȻϵ˶أҲǻ۵ģߵʱǣ⣬˵ˬȻҲû˸δͣЪЪ
δû߶ãͽһһߵľƵĽߵſںͣѵóһ˿ɡ
Ҫȥ𣿡Ľνʡ
ЩãȻ֪ͻȻȥƵ
֪ҪȥĽ̽
ЦһЦʱǣ˿ڣ۵ֱҲʣ֪Լȥʡ
Ҳʡ
ĽڰʱδھƵſڣ˶ʱҿˣԹԵĸߡ
һֱ˶µģȫ֪δҪʲô
šδ˵Ͱ˶Լת뿪ˡ
ŹϺãżѿڣҪﰡ
֪Ҫ۳ڣ߰ɣĽ˵һ£ʶԼ仰е¶ӣҲһ䣬ҾǶˣȥԷҪǲߵĻµһ
ңˣϽȥ
Ľܣٴα˻ȥĽ۾ͻΧǱݵˡ׷ȥ֧Ľܵſڸա
ĽʤˣĺõĹ𴽽ǣǣ˿ں̱סĶȥԷ˰úģܰڸæ۴ô
û˵꣬һʱסˡ
վʲôûи䵭
Ľᶯ˶ιµߣŶû£еˣһȥ
ӵĿһۣҪҴĿɨδԼ߹ˣ￩һ£ĬĬˣŽźĵȣһûվȳȥ
һۿҪˤδǰһʱץס󣬰ץ˻
ܲСĵ㣿ѵ͸һͿ۵׵⣬ʱ򶼽Ӳˡ
Ŀۡ
δע⵽ԼסһƬ˲ɿ֣Բ𡣡
ûû¡û֮ǰôˣ˿
΢ɺһϵ죬ſδһӣ˿һЩƾ֮Ķ͵͵ĽֶԷҲ͵˶ӵ˲䶼Щ˼
ܺ˼鷳ǳģȴδǰܺиʲô°
¡δ硣
æҿԼġ
¡δظһ顣
ˣԹԵԼϵˡʵЩ˿ˣ˵ĿӶûУҲûʲôôģֻҪͿЩҩˮͺá
δպ˾ƾһһ˺ϵĻҳɵôҳδû˴ЩϵżƲˣ̵ĶˣֻڴϥϵĲʱûסһ
δͣڵƤۣ
һ㡣ڨڨش
δͣһ˲ϥǡĴ˿ԽԽʱ඼չˣֱھ˿ڻ׵ĵطͣ£Ȼϥ£ķ縧˿ʱĸоڿϣʧء
أʡ
оԼҪըˣðżѵĴмһ䣺öˡ
δĬһ˲ƺʲôܣÿһ˿ڣͻ£˶Ҫˣƫƫ˫۾ʱ˵ܾĻҲ֪ǲأо֮ûôˡ
ܿĵطѾδĿϣʶҪʲô¿ˮͲá
û˵꣬δ˫Ѿס΢ָᰴĶȻûĸоĴڡ㶵ĿԼ޷Ŵ״ĴһΣյľ봦ͣˡ
ҪסʱѾ£µıζʶı۾ž͸оϴһɱĴʹûӦ˾ͱˡ
طҲ㣬ȥڷ䴦ɣҸղŰǼ䷿Ҳˡδ
һ£ڨڨ۾δ˲䣬Ҳע⵽һ̽ĽﻹеˣԼδȻĽ桭ˢһºˣӹδķ;ƾĶӣܳȥһŹˡ
δջĿ⣬μԷɡ
Ľ˼Ķ۾Ҿ㲻̫ԡ
ôˣδƽĿ
ĽüôˣŴϰֵģֻкߵʱŻ죬ôںˣҲǺߣ
δĬһ˲ˣ˵Żպ˾ƾ
ãԼɡȻһҪæĻҲܾˡĽһһӦǾܾδ۾ʱ˲ʵˡ
δ˾ƾް˿ϣĽһһĿӵһɲסˣͲ𣿣
Ҫδظĸ֣žƾ˿ϲ˲
Ľʹһ໰ȴ֪ʲôҾܾδİæֵֻץɳһʹи
ۿŻôҪĽ˰ǿͼҪҪҲҺһ£ҿ꣬Ͳˡ
δͣһ£ĻشһƬƾϣĽСһһԴ֡
δİ¶˿ڶˣŴһۣ·ˡ
Ľе㽬
δѡ
·ĽĪ
ҿϵˡδ
Ľһ£ô֪ˣ
µģδ˵꣬ǺףĬһ˲󵭵ƵʱỤס˵òᣬ˵˵øء
Ľһֱȡõĸо㻹ͦ˵Ż㽫·ˣֻһƬŹؼλ
δƬ̣ô⡣
ѶˣôĽɳϣҲ⻭᲻۾ˡ
δĿǵ㲼ϣһα㷢ܺãҺο
ҷùƨ£㻹οˡĽʱ򣬷·ڿһ⡣
δҲƽϣֻǽתһȦԼϵˡĽȻ̫ԸˣȻתһȦֺò׿ûô˵δͻȻˡ
ôˣĽ±ƣΪԼʲô
δ΢䣺󱳶ˡ
Ŷ̫࣬ǲռˣ뻤ס磬ֻܰѺ¶ˣĽ˵ŵſ£ֻ󱳵Ļ򲻻ġ
δĬãƾޣʮӺٴĽĲҽ
Ľ´·ʱѾǰСʱˣڴϣӣҲܶˣûҩʹ
δĸۡ
ĽѾûƢˣʰýʱҪ󣺡Ҷˣҽв͡
ȥ𣿡絽¡
Ľ޿ſţҪЪš
ҶھƵסһɳ绰ֱӹȥδ˵ţֱӴ˶͵绰
Ľһſһţޱʵ
δ绰㿴ˣϸ˵һ顣
翴װĽëµľϸһ飬Խ˵Խûмأ֤£ֻζ԰룬ղܸҷϢ˵ɱһĵԺӰ˵ģʮǮġ
ʮٵ򣿣Ľһըˣ⣡£ƾʲô⣿
㲻͵øΣȷ⣿δ䵭ĿһۣĽʱˡ
̾˵ʲô°ǸëҲ֪ʲô񾭣֮ǰ˰æõȷ˹ʣӦǸûǮģôͻȻƴˣܶһҪģȴ֣ͣ˵ʲôеǮ
ô˵ģδ
˵ͷȷ
δĬƬ̣ôͻȻıһ⡣
ʲô⣿вƱˣĽ⡣
δ˵ƺʲô˼ǣ˰
ǳ˭ģ϶˭Ÿҽˡδ
۾ôǡԶԣ˵öĽŻԸǮ⳥ҲҪëǣ
Ǳһ˴򣬻ҪǮ𣿣Ľܽ䣬Ҫˡ
δĬһ˲ϰĵ绰𣿡
Уæ֣شɻ󣬡Ҫ绰
ȻǮǾδƽ
Ľһۣô˿̵δе㡭¡
δֻ֮͵ˣĽһԷԼǳȥ绰
δһߣЩأʳʵĳ˼ںһ֣صıʾһҪǮĻˡҲҶ𡣡
ƨЩԴ˵ʱҵģʲôϵ⣡Ľŭ
翴Ǯ𣿡
Ľһ漴ӣأǮ
˶Ƭ̣ҭһĬ֮ʾȻûǮеط衣
Ҳеط衣Ľͷ˵ʶʲôüͷֻ֤Էصĵ˵ͷͬʱ̾Ϣһ
δʱˢˢĿֱŤͣһ£ôˣ
죬ʵ˵ڣĽһҧֱӿˣ⳥ҳҸǷҰͻ㡣
δƽĿһۣ½ҡ
ֻû˵ڣ缱еĲ䣺Ҹһ𻹣һᾡ컹㣬û֮ǰʲôУ
δĬˣúʣʲôУ
ţͷͬʱбĽһۡ
Ľĵĵ˵ͷ󲹳һ㣺㲻ܼ̤ǵϡ
ṳ̂ǵϡδ˵ֽ꣬дһšͬȷ⳥ûǮ֮ǰԹĻ
ĽǸӣûǸʲôӣ͹Թǩˡ

 16 

ǩЭ, ȷδǽ⳥£ھһļһĴȥ˯, ֱڶϱδ绰, ˯ʵ
ϵ˾һҹһ, ߳߻·ë顣, Ľ, һҹû˯, ÿ˯ʱ˿, Ȼѣôá
˴ӸԵķʱ, Էѵܵĸо
δأŹǷʡ
Ľü֪Ǳ绰ѵģ˵ǳֱȥɳǱߵǡ
ڹȥɡ, ־ٵһһһѾİַˡ
Ľǳ˳飺עɡ
ŶޱĿһۣĬĬǰȥ, Ľһϡ
ץ, һһ˳⳵ȵɳʱ, Ѿͽˡ
ëѾ, үһ, ˺󷢳һ񾯴˲
ֱ, һȦûδҲ£ͷδţԼѾ˵¡
ιǮ𣿡ëһ˵ڣ̹ͬЦһα񾯴ˡ
ĽǸƢҲȺ˹ˣɨһۺмܺԼɣЬǼٵģǮ𣿡
仰һ˵ÿ˶̲סëϿȻע⵽ĽЬĳһֻȻͬһۿȥǧ˭˭һĿȻ
ӵͣ赭дĴģëһըˣҪĽһսȺѸϽһִ񾯴ˣЩСô£ôûƤûģ뱻оֱ˵
žžһͨë˻ͷʵˣĽһҲôˣŤͷüͷţһºʣδأ
֪ûҶšãĿ
ĽĬһ˲Ҳʼͳֻʼϵڷ˼Ŷûظ󣬸ɴδ˵绰Ȼ绰һֱӱҶˣɫ˲ѿˣǷǸӰɣ
ᣬˡ̵
Ľ鲻̫ãʲô˼
֪°ɡе㵣ǡ
Ľ˵϶ǲæǮǻˣһȫӣջʲôû˵
ȻδʵڵȴĹԽԽֽ꣬걻ë˲ˡ
Щ˲ڲԼûǮɣëһӷŴ
ղűЬëЦһЬôˣһ˫ЬֵǮ⳥ţơ
ǣ̽ӻëֺõЦƣεٰо𣿡
˭֪ôԣôøʮʮģİɣʮû⣬ĳЩˣë۵һ˿Ͳ֪ûôǮˡ
Ľһۣ˲³ʮ
ëʱδˡ缱æӭȥôϢ
ʱȥˡδ
һ糣ɵһû¾ͺá
ô磬ԼȴٵĽϲıԹ۾ȴģ鲻
δĬһ˲ߵߺĸ첲Ǹˡ
ʵҲûԼ˵һ䣬û뵽ô֣صİοԼĽŤİƲһߣȴֱصС
֮ѵôãƫƫвʶƻӴǵľȱ
δ˳ȥԷһԴëë
ëôһʶһ£ʶԼ¶Ӻ£˭
˭Ȼ֪ˡδĿڡ
˵ϰͽˣ񾯴˶ˣ쵽һڣЭ⳥¡
˻ңëĹЩţҪǮҿûǮ
Ҫ𣿡ëһۣҶӲ㡣
ֱͦţëǰ£δǶ棬񾯺ϰǰλá
ҵԵĽʹʱ仹֤һۡϰ˵ţһϵϴӹİͳ񾯴塣
һôһѶë̲ͷˣ˵ٺˣûкġ
ʱϰ壬üĸо˵Ҳûô
ϰ忴һۣ϶˲󣬲Żڣ࣬һʮ̨ԣʮѵ羺ΣʮԼӰ˵Ķ϶бעʮĶǶǺӵķϣʮ㣬һ߻ʮС
һﾲһ˲ãȻڣ٣
ʮ򡣡ϰ΢Ц
ãˣҪǲˣ͸оδ°ס֣Ťͷʱע⵽ĽıЩ֣ƺҲˡ
ë㶣ըܣǸôֵǮ
ҲòֵǮѣжһûǮһûذһôذשҪ׷ǵȫˣʱһʷáϰƢܺá
ëҪʮʱѾҪˣһһгױĳ˹ȥ񾯴һƷڵ϶áſϰ壬ҧгݵĿڣҡ
֣ң뱻𣿣ŭ⡣
˵ָЩëűжðʵˡŷſһ˺ֻ¾ף̬Ⱥõ㣬ҪɳˣͲôˡ
ëʵŸ첲޺޵Ŀϰ壺ƭңҲûϹ࣬ҵЩԣǰĻӣôô󡭡
֮ǻģһ֤ϰ΢΢һЦ
Ѿôˣûҿ֤
ĽҲӦˣûмأ֤ǲרҲ磬ȻҲ֤ʱҵĶЩԣǱģ֤ϰ˵ûЩȷʵֵʮ򡣡
ȻɴܣǾ͵øβǣϰһϺ˵Ȱ˵ëëüȴֻš
ϰһϵеĵӶУһȺ֤ˣ֤ʮëԼҲûáʱΪ֪ûأŸ޼ɵȥ£û뵽ȴҪʮ
ʮ򣬾Ҳֵôࡣëˢİˣٲ֮ǰֺһµĺҲʼˣ񾯺ϰȥ֮󣬲סô졣
ô֪ëһ䡣
Ĺӵһˣ㲻ô˵Ϊ㡭
꣬δ޳ָѹԼĴϣʱ˶ﰲõ붼мأ˵ʲô˵ģλ־ͲǶ԰ˡ
ëĶ۾һںӣһʼͲֱδ۾һֱ˵ΪʲôֱڲЩˡ
ԼʱҰڿԼ

 17 

ͻȻ, ë㶵ĿδԼʶŲŲֱŸײȶ, ź֪ķӦ, һĿڣʲô
Ǹ˭δĮʡ
ëһ㶣¿ˮǿҲ֪˵ʲô
δĿ, ֱ̲סߣŻڣ, Ҳûʮ, ǵﵽס
ӵ²ܣë, ȴŵһ, ˿һȥǸˣ¶ˡ
δһ, Ŀߵĺһһɨζ˵˾䣺һ߸ӷ
ʲôֱ**ĸоë˻ë, ˱ս״̬ʱҪս
δȴʲôûֱԱ߹ȥ, һֱԹŵĽϽ˹ȥ, ڳɳʱϰ壬˫ֻǵͷкͷֿˡ
һֱصƵ, Ȳʣ˵ʮʧôͻȻʮˣ
ô, ϰë¡ĽֵĿ, ʮá
Կδδ΢΢, 첹һ䣺ΪãҪѧ
ԾǶ٣档
ĽҲͦģ²Ŀδδ˵ڴ£һ֣ʮ򡣡
ƽҲǡ壿ˣԭ㣬ëһģ˵һʾ޿
˲⳥һǮôôѹһʼôšֻϧδ̵ĲעЦ
ôȰϰģȻӦ㡣Ľʮֺ档
δһۣȰûмأֻҪ֤Ϳ԰װ׶ðǸ˶ͬ⡣
һ£˼ǣǲǮˣץסص㡣
δ˼Ƭ̣ڶڴĿ»˵ͷĽһֵ÷·һٶĺӡ
ھƵʰһ£˷ȥĲԷˡĽŲ˵һӣԣ򵥣
ллϰ壡Ҳֱù˵ʼ㡣
Ľһʲôϰ壬и磡
ڵδָһ٣̧ͷ󡣡
԰ұ󡣡һ档
Ľмܴ󼸸£һء
û󼸸£Ҳʹʮɣɳܵ20һѹÿζĽһִĸТ飬ΪĲࡣ
򵥵ĵ˼ˣٲͽԱˣĽ˱ˮʣ˵Ҫְˣһô죿
֪ҲǧǮˣµģԲԼôˣҸշĻɡš
δҪ.ְ
˵ͷҪ˵ڣ׼
磺
Ժ󶼲׼ԹѧУţǮҪδĿ˵Ļ๣˵꿴ĽУԺǷżʱ䣬׼ܳȥҲ׼ӿΡ
Ľסʲô£
δˣӦģҰǽ⳥£Ǿ͹Թ
㲻ҲûǻǮĽӦˣһӾ
缱æͣ԰԰ղŲ˵ˣûǮ𣿡
Эдģǽ⳥£δŲæһжǲѾˣ
磺
Ľ
ͻȻֱԱˣĽһûǮЭϣ
ϣҪϰʮ򡣡δ˿鼦ȡ
Ľۣƾʲô
ûǮЭҸɵģǵЭϣҺЭҲϣȻЭȫϣǷծǮ쾭塣
Ľﲻԣ˵
ѾعζˣϽӣδ˵öԣˡ
Ľ˰죬޺޵ȿУһȳԸˣһĿڣƽʱʲô˲ģʱ϶ˣ
⻰˵˼ˡ
ԡδ˵꣬һҲˣĽĹĵļԣϵüֱ޷졣
һı鿴ˣֱδתŸϽͷԷ˳극һѧУˡһ̤ѧУĴţһϵһ鷳⡣
Ȼ鷳ûˣĽȴһ㶼ģԭδֻҪ׼򹤲׼ѧִҲѣɹû죬ȻҪϿεʱ׼˯
Ҫˣ˶εÿζ˯÷ǳȻڰ첹δ׼ǰ˯᲻ô˯½øλһ
һϰֻʣĽĽĥʾУҪ
޿ſϣҪôǰգʱѡ
Ҫ˵˼ѧأֱϷ˸Сӣںʲôȫھδûͷʱץû˯
Ҳܣ㿴Űɣ˯˯һ죬бþץҰĽ֡
üǾвֻ˵˵ѣ
ȻأĽһҲôѪԵϵأδܺݵġ
һһ߳ҡߵ¥ĵһιˣϤıŵĸоƺֻˡ
üͷȻʲôûֻ鲻ˬļ¥ȵ˽ѧ¥⣬ֱŵĸоʧ
Ľߣ·Ѿûмˣܾĵģֻе˿쵽ʱͻȻδıӰһᱳȥˡ
ðѧԼˡĽĦȭƣ׼ȥץС
ҪҪȥֱӾˣһ
ǱʲôûУֻܵİǽѧǸĽŲģֱĸ˹ȥΣֻҲŹȥ
ߵǽսǴʱëһºӣӶԷȷûѹ쿿
㲻֪Ǹҵ˭Ҹ㣬Ǯ˺òãһܵʱ䣬ëǻֺ̿ƣҲû֮ǰš
δ侲ϰ⣿
ޣǸӾһʼʮ֮ٸҪͲˣǱƭģëյҧгݣֻҪӦֻʮҾͰǸ˭㡣
ĻĽĬĬͳֻȵͣȻ͵͵һ֣Ϊʲôǣֱδ
翴ۺĬһ˲ֻϻظΪǿ񵱼ҵǸɡ
Ľ
δһֱû˵ëˣûǮ˾͸ʮٶûˣ
Щأδڡ
ëһ㶣ʲôѣ
ˣӦõģδ䣬ѡһԼʮ򣬶ʮ֮ʣʮ߸Ѿ̯ÿ18750
ëҴӦԼˣǳ˺ʲô𣿡
ǮԼδ
ŪǮȥëˡ
δûκԼ¡
Ͳ֪Ǹ˭ëеʡ
δͣһ£͸˿˿⣺Ҫֻ֪㻹ǮΣǮ룬͹ˡ
ëסˣһֱδ뿪ûع
ͬ͵Ľδ˸Ͻغã֮۷˵·º󣬿˶Է۵׵ĸ
û뵽δôôݣ֪ëֻعϵȥЩҪǮĽпⲻµģµǿһʼѾ뵽ëڵĽ֡
صڱ𴦣㡭컹𣿡
˰ɡĽһ¼ѻش

 18 

Ľصʱ, δѾϴ裬վڹǰͷȥʱһ, Ľĺһë
ôδڡ
Ľһ, ڵĻش𣺡ŶһȦ
ǽӣǲվδһ
Ľһ˲֪ڣ
Ȼֻ, ûеƵҹҲʮԵġδɨһۡ
Ľ
չİ, µʣô֪ˣ
ǽ, һֱڽ, һͽˡδش⡣
Ľ˵ͷ, ²翴δʱëѾȥ, Բûصë
Ҫֻˣȥϴ裬˯δƽ
ŶĽѵò, ӦһȥϴˣɵʱҲʮ롣
ֻػ, ҶӡѾµδ
Ľİֻ, һСһǣΪԼ˯, ʮӾ˯ˡƽʱ˯˽Сʱ, ֱӵһʱ, ״̬һˡ
еʱ·δ˯á
Ľڿë, ҲûзֻǺӦһȥˢϴˡ
ëһƺûıκ£ĽԹԶˣĽӵһʮ˯ʼÿһ춼˯ڶ˯˵ܾһ죬绹ǰǰϢ˯ѵֻʣһ
˲ˣ̫ʹˣôȥһġܲʱãʱһ˯ܴҪƷˡ
ĽɨһۣϵὨ飺ҪԺҲ˯ɣͦˬġ
⼸˯ʱһƢû֮ǰôˣͷãҪ֮ǰҹʱܶࡣܵô˯ĺôƼ硣
ҵ룬ɿƲסһֻҪһ£ָͷͿƲסĴϷҪˢ翴գҪ˯š
Ľһĺǰ˼һ⡣
磺
ϰδĿĿ磬˵ʱͲ٣ܺá
Ҿò̫áǳ˳顣
δûֱӰֻػװڴϾͻ㡣
аҵöأֻˣô죿ᣬֻɱǸĽĻ쵰ΪԼʲô˯⣬žδûֻ
δ˼Ƭ̣˵öԡ
۾һҪ˵䣺߰ɣȥӡ
磺
ĽɥһһСӺһʳˡδĿ¥Լһϴȥ
صʱĽѾϴˣ̱ڴϴϷƤһʶĿڣҾʹһ֡
㡣δ˵꣬ѴӷԱߡ
Ľһ£һֻ߽һ߻ס飺ʲô
ʳδش
ĽüרŸģʱദѾ˽⵽δϲϰߣϰһģһҲ֪δôϲʳЩԵȻ˲ġ
Ȼδšһ
ֻﴫһͳġK.OĽĺһſδΪʲôʳ
δһۣϴƷԡߣֺܺá
˵ĽסˣֱԡҹţĽŷӦǽԼ罻ֻ¡ȻĳֻΪûôɿڰδæһ
ĽһӵĿߵʳＷһ䣺ܳ
ոʳôֱĸо޺޵ĲһƬ꣬δʣһʳң
Ҫʲôδ
ĽһҪʲô㶼
ֵҪ󣬻㡣δ˵꣬ƽ͵ĵ¡
Ľſ˰Σ΢΢е㲻ڣȣôŲһٴͣ
á
Ľû뵽ôӦһº󲹳䣺ҪԹġ
ԡδֱӦˡ
ĽŹֵĶ̲סʣôʲôô𣿡
δ
Ҳɵӣ֪㲻ѧ˯ΪҺãҲΪʲôҪΪǺãô˵һôûСĽһʼ˼·ͨƽĿ£ܰԼɻ˳ıˡ
δãͻȻºЩ֪
ϻȻĽͷĻ졣
δĬһ˲¿֮Ҹ㣬֮ǰúϧɡ
ϧʲôĽһĪ
δƤϧһܷӡ
Ľ
û뵽û֮ǰҪɻĽ׷ʣȻԷȴ϶˵ˣûûιˣ˯һҹ֮Ͱ¸ˣǰδҪԷ¼ǵʱ¸кѡ
ллϰ壡
ƣݵĶǺˣȻġ
ϰ䣡
һȺСѧһͨлδδѾԼ˾ͲϡĽЦеĿ㿴Цֻǻ˵˾䲻лûıʾˡ
ιȷǿɲһܳԡĽ̲ס
δɨһۣܳԣ
ࡣĽǳʵڡ
δ˼һ룺á
˵ģʱǧСˣĽ˵ļ򣬡ʱһȥ
ӸղδҪͿʼ𾪵ӶҪˣһ£ЩûӦһӻЩ㱣á
šδ
磺ʲô
ǾôˡĽİ塣
δһۣʱԵ㡣
ĽһʤǱˣһҪݺݿһѣΪϵʱûͣڶһûԶδ͵ʱѾ۷ˣ鳼ҳĲš
һٷ𣿡Ŀ
Ľû̫̫ˣҽһһҪԿ
磺ôδûޣѾҪأ
һ۵δȺðʧһ˼ȺĺסһֱڣδҪԷʵСĽʲôħѧ񶼿ʼֻˣ
һȺզզСѧǣδƨ.ɺߵߵȥĽԸȻȥһҷǳĵ꣬һȺֱӽ˰䡣
籾δԶģȺëͷСһ֪о͵δߡ
ұߵ
ʱλԵ̫ͻأˣ̾Ϣһ¡
ͣĽһӡ
СѧǺΧ˹ȥҪһǵһģƽϵĲ˲һ顣
ιǱΪռ˶˷ʳﰡٳԶ١ѡ
Сӵظİүôʣˣ˵ͣһ£үôϴ
Ķһڵ
СӿһԱߵδٿһδһߵĽͻȻһֺɸֵĸоϴô£ŵˣȻδүм䣿
٣δͻȻ˹ʣ𣿡
кòôûкþأϰǺһСӶĻ龢һ䡢ȫɵĻ
ôһ˵ӦˣüͷʲôȣϻûѧУء
ģҲͶһһƿװơƣ˭ȵġС̵
üĽĽ˵ͷġ
Ⱥ˵ԼǺܴģȻô˵ˣȷʵûµģŵͷӦӦ͵˲̿δδ΢΢ףɡ
Сѧǻһ̽зԱơơȺСһֻҪһƿƣԱ̲סЦˣĪöͷֻװԼûϵ
Ϊ˴֮ѾϤֶǻõˣֵò񻰣ȵƺͲ˶󣬸˸Ҷδٱˣϰ壬лл缸Է
￩һ£Ҫ²̨ʱͿδ޳ָסơϵžһѱӴˡһ¶۾ٵı飬δĺһڡ
¿ˮҪǲʲôʱ˿ʼ壬ҪĽæһһ°ɣôһƿƣ˳Էˡ
һҲǣӦ٣ơʱĽһۣ˵Ƿ͵Ĵ裬һºɻ󣺡㲻Ⱦ𣿡
費áĽڵ
鳼Ц˳ûס˵һ䣺ϴ̫ˣһڵ껹񾭣̼ȡ
Ľѵûзбһ۵Ұ־ëŴ
ûûû鳼æֺõЦЦһȺ˾˸ٴ¡
Ľº󣬶ٻЩ۲˵ơƣδƿӾͷԼֱߺûסѹδĸҺһڣһڡ
δͣһ˲ŤͷĳĽ
Ľ
ӦýҰְ֡δ
Ľ

 19 

δһԼȳ, ýԾΧ˲ȢֳɷͷɥһĴҳ
һƬ֮, Ľɭɭڣʲô
аְ֡δһ, ֻǿƺһˮ⡣
ĽƬ, һҧгݣǲǷأ
㲻ҡδĬãƽ˵һ, Ȼ˷ۿɼˡ
ۿĽҪը, æ侲, δ½ǣô£
δ̧ͷ, ΢΢Щֱһ£ǰ˻, δһƽס֣ﴧ
һ£Ͻֳô˵, ĿĽˡ
Ľ
ɣֻһڰƿӻأССĵ
εʣ㿴, ƽʱһ𣿡
, ʱδγ㺬ҿ̫, ȫƽʱʲô𡣡
Ҳ鳼̵, ҲŸ
ʱ, ĽֱӴһδĸ첲δһ, һֱĿתˡ
Ľ۾Ƭ̣αܳˡֱϰֺʱһģһ
Ľһ˵һĴڣһô˵ʱ˶ˣ
ϴδҲ̫Ե˰ɣеҲˣһڵľЦڡ
˽ļ鳼æһۣ㶮ƨ
һ˼Ŀˣ˼úƺó𰸣ֻδ֤֮ʵˡ
δ˵ϴýְ֣ǸýʲôСüЦʡ
δȿڣ塣
ڳ˶ЦĽ˾໰һƵɨһۡƾʲô˶壬͵ýаְ֣
һЦôģδüͷ΢΢һ£ָһ½ǡһ£Դսôˣ
Ľѣûò侲
磺˼ҽ壬˼ҲѾǳòˡ
δ˵Ҫơƣ缱æסˣԵ㶫ɡ
ȡδ΢Щٶ۵Ŀ˵ʱë΢Ҳû֮ǰ䣬ԵЩˡ
һ˲Щ㱣ȷӦʱơѾˣĿ˼ڣȻۿɼٶȱøӴ͡
ܺˣԷİѾߣǸһӵĳԵģδƽӳԣԵùɶ¡
̫ͬˣ֮ǰȫһˡЦһ
С̽һ䣺ؼöϲ˻ô侲ȫƽʱʲô𰡡
εĿһۣδĶ֮󣬶ĽǼ棬ȥ
ǵýˡ鳼̾֡
бһۣİɣҲǣԲҪ˷ѡ
ܳꡣæ
Сһֹ㻹ӻæһţ㶣Ӱʲô˼ָϽҪҪɣ³Է
𣿡Ķˡ
δǵĶԻֱվһ𡣡
㲻ҲͦãȰղŹŸвչˣԼûôԷ
Ȼδǳִ֣Ȼûз磬ҲûͷӦֻ۾һգգĶ磬·ֻܿһ㡣类ЩȣһԳˣ㿴ʲôˣͰɡ
ôУСæֹһŮӣһˣƷˣҲ˲˰ҪҪϴһ𣿡
С˵̰ʾĿĽϧĳ˷ǵĿģһǵүôƹʰˣҲͣһûԱء
Сӣû˵ɣ㲻˭
С²۵ĹѾδļ򣬽ԼȥˡһӰ߱һ徻糤һſδø˰Ϊ˾ȥ
δ
ֿһۣܾˣϸ־øƽʱһԥ֮䣬֣صһָǼ
δĬһ˲ָֽסĴ
磺
±Ƶ۾Ҳĸӣɵվڰſǰ۵Сۡʣ֪Լڸʲô𣿡
ǣ㡣δڳ
۾֪Լˣå𣿣
ǣδĿһ䣬ǣŮѣ
һ֣Ѿˣ
δ۵һ˿㶣ðɿȻͻȻͱ˪ӣȻʱȻֱͦ˶һϢ
ղҲû˵ʲôô˺ܴһеĪûеԼ˼æ׷˹ȥ
˸ˣҪܵ˻ᱻġߴٵ
δƺûָݿ֮󵭵ȥ
粻İһҧҧ½ߵ̨ˢϷ֤
롣Աº͵
Ҫ룬Լ֪룬̿δ롣
֪ġδһܿӡ
һô˵۵׳һ˿ãȻβŷӦòǡ
գ羪ȡ
δ΢΢ס
ǡ翴һ۹̨ϵĹԱѹʣˣ
ôġδȻƽϸȻһ˿ί
ãȻһ˲ʱҪ£˵ķĳ˱˴˵գòǡ
Ҫġδ˵üһ䡣
Ŀǲ˷ֵˣ
֡δ򴽡
鸴ӵĿ츹һ䣬˵ľͷֲˡ
ˣһߣֱ߳ץסˡȫһʱͷ۵Ŀι֡һǣ֣ǣĶˣʲô°
Ҫδľܾ
һ
δͬĻش
˽Ƭ̣ϵԽԽ࣬ƤˣȵѧУͲ׼ǣˡ
֪δش𣬡ѧУ׼ץסҪд֡
磺ʲô֪ǲ֪Ѿˣ˲Ŷ
һ޿ıǣߣһ·ӭ˵עĿ֮ǰʱǳ⣬ȻӾֻһָоDD
ˣǳˡ
·ϵʱ䲻࣬˺ܿ˳⳵û߰Ʈˡ΢΢˿ſϢֻδ߬ţԭȣѾյľˡ
˿ɣɿʱῴϼָӡεбδһۣƽʱһûסһ̾Ϣ⳵ʮƽȣûþͲ⣬ҲίԼ۾ܿ˯ˡ
˯֮ӾûʲôˣӻΰΣδļϣһ죬˯ԽԽδţһµĵܣְĸο档
⳵˾ںӾ￴ǼۣڻûסĹǷС°
šδ֣صӦһ
˾Цð̸ˣ
һʮʮСʱδش
˾һ£ⶼܼǵ壿
šδ
˾ЦãǸá
ԺҪġδ֣ػش
˾ЦøˣȻûĻϣҲͣҪúŬСôƯҪǲ㣬ǻᱻ˹ߵġ
ᣬδüǻ飬һӣк
Ϊʲôһк˾⡣û뵽ŮȥϾŮǼŮ٣һŮϲ޸ַļͥԴ󲿷Ůļͥ˶֮ҲϱȻ̭ˡ
δ۵ѵһ˿գΪǸŮû뵽к
ʲôû뵽úѾԤ֪δŮһ˾ֵĿһۣк𣿡
ͦã衣δһ̾Ϣ

 20 

˾ɷн, ЦЦһ˵Ҹ棺ˣھӻ磬ǧ, Щµʵ, ԱȥҪã֪𣿡
δĬһ˲һˣ
12, ʮˣʸǰɣ˾ЦЦ
δɨһۣŶ, 10󡣡
˾Ϊʲôֵֹģ
ȵУſʱ, 绹˯, ˾ͣóŤͷطˡ
ȵ, ûѡδֱĶ硣
˾ǳ˳飺һüܳأܸ˯ѡ
, ҸǮδ
˾һ£аɣȻִ⡭
û˵꣬͵ˣʶĲһ, ûпˮŷġ棬˿Ѿ˰³ɡ˵Լ³ˡ
δ˾㲻ܶ׬ˡ
˾лл, Ҳûжϡ
δӳ, ϽԱ߳һһԶľ룺˵˰, ѧУǣˡ
šδ˵ͷ
ŷ, һѧУ, Ϊֱӻᣬ;ȥ˳С
ιιιȥͷƤ顣
ں, δûлͷᶨߣûа취ֻܸȥֻøѡʳ鿴ڲʲôʴ¡
ûԱε߹ȥ
δһۣעʳϡ緢ֺδȫܹͨ˵ʱ˼άϵڳˣôڵǰڳ˵˼άٴҡ˵Ǹˡ
ʱ򣬻˳򵥡
Ȼϵİѡ˼ԵĺЧߣֻ˼ӵʱ˶ӳֱȥˡ
ţߣȰ͵¥ʱ˿ˣȥɣˡ
δ˵ǳ˳飬ɴҲָĻӦˣֱŤͷŮߣ˼·òԣ͵ػͷͿĸ
ʲô۾
δƽĿ㵽¥¡
磺
ĬĶϼԼߣδȻ˹ȥȵ¥ʱʣԻȥ𣿡
δһ˲Ҫ𣿡
ңǲȥֱЦˡ
δƺѾ͵ļޣĬĬһֱŵĴӷϣ㡣
ţһ㶡
δղûгԷ
磺
㡣δظһ顣
򴽣ڨڨľܾûȥ԰ɣỹС
㡣ݸڡ
ƤһϽ˹δת뿪翴ıӰԽԽԶǲģ͵͵ں棬ȷ¥תȥ
ȵֱ̱˴ϣʲô¶ûɣȴһ۵Ҫĸо̲ס̾һ
ϢƬ̺۱ַϵʳ֪ĸоȻƵδ͸ͷڲչֽһůƽʱϸ߹ܽȴôҲ²͸š
Ҫ֮ǰһֱĵĸоҲûôְɡΣһѹǵ㸴ӵ˼
߷δ֮Ľĳһٷ㼯ȥˣһŻѧУ
ʱδ˯ȥ˸ɵϣܿҲ˯ˡѹʱѾˣһδĴ̣Ѿûˡ
Ľ˸ǷڴϣҪ׼һϷֻͻȻһİ롣ֱӹҶˣԷһδĽͷһŽ绰ι
ͬѧãɵϰģ㻹ǵ𣿡ֻﴫĶŵ
Ľ˶٣𣿡
ģ˵⳥Ѿÿ˶ˣĻûУҾһ£Ǵʲôʱתϰ建
Ľһ㶣üͷʲô⳥㲻Ǹδ˵ˣ𣿡
ĵĻôܲǮأôһǮǸСɿܰ궼׬ô࣬ϰ˵ţ΢ɣǼҳĺңȥģǳˣ֪ǷǮΣ
ǣĽըˡ
ϰЦЦ˵ЦˣԼ֤ģҿûǣ֤֤Ѿ¼Ǿ㷴ƷĿҲ󣬻Ǿ⳥ĺá
Ļû˵꣬Ľͱİѵ绰ˣһתƼȦķҪݶƷ
˵绰ûãֻһҲٴιҶϣȻԷǲϴջİ˽赽ôǮǲܸģ롭
Ľҡֻﴫε
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Ľ㲻ô˵ȴ͸Ŵδй࣬˼Ұæģ˼Ҳﵽˣϰ̰ĲһǮûϰΥԼ㲻Ϊ˵ĹԹδ
ʱֱһģһĵģĽȻ꣬ýȥҲʶԼղŵĻж಻ףһʱЩŤ
ҾͻȻһеܲˣԹĽһ䡣
һ֪Ѿ֪ˣ̾һȳɣϵһδûʲô취
š
˹˵绰Ϳʼ¥ߣһһ߸δϢʮӺʳÿλãü
ڸô죬ӷǻǮ˵ǮѧУҰΣֱϵҳĽֻϣĻϰշϢҪˡ
а취𣿡翴δ
δ΢΢ףʣ۾һ
ڶ˵ڴ£óԼֻͨͨ¼ҵϰĺ벦˹ȥϣĽʱֻ
ֻֻ˼ͱͨˣ洫ϰº͵ЦǲСͬѧ˵ˣҾ֪Ҵ
Ľҧгݵ۾
ΥԼˡδ
ϰЦøˣʲôԼԼģô˵ҲǶʮôΪ仰ͲҪˣģǰǮ꣬ҸǮӪѣġ
綼ʼҧгˡ
δĵ˵꣬ŻǲǾãǲô죿
پĻǮӪѿɶû˰ϰЦʧˣѾˣǸĽȻݣʲôݣȫûҪΪһͬѧҸĺôҪ֪һѣܶû򡭡
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ϰһ£ʲô
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ĿɿڴĿβ¿ˮŤͷȥĽʱԼҲòȥ
绰ͷĬãϰ΢΢ˣҲթˣǲڲ¼թ˵ЩأҺϷȡӦõ⳥κβҡ
ԵȣҰ¼㡣δ˵˵绰ֻ﷭һº󣬽ļϰֻϡ
Ҫһʱ䣬δĵĵţһԵĽ̲סʣ¼
šδش
Ľ죬ȻԶԣһ䣺̫ˡ
Ҫ˵໰δ
Ľ˲졣
˶ԻĹ򣬶ԷѾյļˣִ˹һ̬Ժ˺ࣺܶСݰһжǿġòã⳥꣬ƽ֡
δ
ʮʮϰҧ
δǲ˵
ʮ𣿡ϰѿڣܲҰæһɣ
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ϰʱ޻˵ˣУ˰ɣǵǮҲҪˣ¼ң
ǸСδܾ
ϰЦˣ¼ôɳ𣿱ģҪˣҲã
ϸ¼Ϳ¼жϣ£δ˵һ£ɵǣһ²ų꣬Ҳ˵㲻թյδ그һȡ
磺
Ľ
δһۣ䣺ɴµЩˣӦҲδ֤꣬ɳڷǷӯ˰绹³֤꣬ͯﲢҽɽϴɾȥΡ
Ľ
δĻ˵꣬ϰ˳õĳĬ֮㵽ô֪˻𣿡
ɱʧʮëʮ壬ҵѱˣȴûκβδƽ
ϰһ£Ҹһһ򲹳
˰򡣡δûһ˿
ϰһã򣬸Ҹ˺ţתȥ
δ΢䡣
ϰëˣ㻹ô
ղ˵ˣӪѡ
ĽԲۣҲУ
ϰƺҲ޳ܸˣðŽ͵ʣ㻹𣿡
Ǿɳδɴ䡣
ϰæҶñ֤¼ɾˣ
ɾҿԱ֤Ǯ˲в㣬δ˵ͣһ˲ڵΪسȥҲҪΣǮڸԼһݱա
ãҵšϰҪѪˣ˵͹˵绰
ֻҶϵһ̣ʱˡ
֮Сĵʣԡôˣ
ֹˣӴ绰ʮ򡣡ĽһѾ
¿ˮЩĵδɣ
ᣬ¼δƽ
糤һͻȻס
δһ£
ǣ̧ͷٿһۣ̲סаְ֡
δ
ĬĬĽ
Ľãգգ۾ʲôȻںܳ㣬ûְֵĵز
Ŷδ
Ľ̲סŶʲô
һŬ
Ľ

 21 

ϰթδթ, ĽС鶼һĳ֪ϰԹԸδתʮ˶ľһ̨ס
Ҿ
һܾ¿, ʱ䲻Ҫ񡣡һμ, δ
ĽĿ㲻Ҳ
ﲻ, ҡδ
Ľ˵Ҳûãﶼ, Ҳֻ, δô˵, ɲҡ
δͷӦ, Ťͷ磬һ, ӦˣҲľ㡣
šδתȥ
ĽһѰ˳ܵĸδ󣬲ѹ磺ʣ
ʲô, ҲĶȥˡĿһۡȻ2042ĽǸʱ˺ܶ࣬ÿͥעؽí˾ҪԼǰ, ˵߿Ѷȸ2019, ȻһЩ
Ȼαûж䶯ϸ˵, Ѿһϰѧ, Ҳδܶ๦, ˵ҪЩѧơ֮ǰѧʱûӣЩ֪ʶ͸øȥˡ
ǲ, 鷳ô죿Ľü
翴һۣҪ᲻ᣬֱӷܹȥܲȥͼװŪŪˡ
Ľ˼ô˽𣿡
аɣϾǰͬѧʶԼ˵̫ˣڨڨĺȥ
Ľûж룬Ͽһ죬һװúѧϰˡ
¿һһƽƣ˿ʼǰСʱȥϰҲԾӰѧϰϸԺĵһοԣ˭˺DD
ŵĴ˳⡣
δǺ֮ǰһϢûΪԶŬ٣ǳʱ俪ʼûûҹѧϰżȻҲδ⣬ںŵˣ·ŭˣҲûѧϰġ
Ȼٵ͵ҲǵһЩ˵Ĳģìϰʱ򱬷ˡ
˵ߩӵǲ̫ˣռλĲͷԵת߷ߵĿСӡ
ڸðеСãȻĿҲߩ𣿡
˭ߩˣܲС㣬ܸ˼·֪𣿣üͷ壬۵һƬ࣬ȻΪ¿û׼
С˾̫ãһʼûзӦڽ֮ЦһӾҪߩܵ𣿣˵ŻƵĳһֽһһŵߩ޴
񱻶ĸǺ޿̵ܹܲȥ࣡˼ңԼѧϰ͹ǣ뺦˶ãֱ°ܻ
˵һ飡Сһͷ
ǵìܾ۵׵Ľʱüͷӣ£˵򲻼񣬡Ҳʵ㡣
Ҳʵô򰡣Ϊ˶ѧ͸ûѣʲôаĽסˣǸӱ䱾
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Ľ£
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鳼̣յˡ
˰еԾ֪ԼǸͲȥԵˣǵ˲ÿٵˣںӬһˣ˶ġ֪ǶѾͺܾˣǱ¿Ʒˣ˵Ļһһ䲻
Ľ̲סˣһվ費ĵģһӸ㲻
һ²ӣô˵¿ˮҾôˣеû̡
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ʱ˶һ£Ŀˢˢеδϡ
һֱȵĸоûˣֻĽҪ嶯
˵ò𣿵ѧģǺģأδЩģӺֺܿҧӣһɵһ
û˵꣬鳼ͳȥһȭû뵽ͻȻֱ֣ӱ˹ȥСӸϽȥһšһžһͨңֱ֮ƽϢ
İʱ䣬ɫվڽ̨ϣϾ͸¿ˣǾôϰģܣˣгϢ
Сӡ鳼Ͳվڽ̨ϣǰǵɵģŰ޺޵Ŀǡ
ڶ֣Ҫ£͸ҹؼҸϰȥŭ
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Ҹðߩ飬ʲôˣ˵ôв𣿡СӲ
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Сӣƨ
ٳͶҳȥκϣ˶ʱûˡ
ʦʵҲܹ־ǶҪһѧϰ̫ȷʵеױ˼·̨һŮС
һڣ˸ͣʱҲʹˡСһ죬Ҫȥǣ迴Ӳ˳۾ֱ˵һߩα飬ô˼·ˡ
鳼æסѹӣ侲һ㣡
ſҵҪжͣҵҵͬѧ֣Ҫˣܲеһֻ˵໰ѧ໰Ĺô࿼ְ
СĵĲҲֻǱվﲻ˵ˡ
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Ľޱĸӣξֱ̨ߣԣϽȥ˦ˡһãһĽŰε˲һȭٴġ
ҳȥͣ죡ζĹˣȥ
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һ־ԻճòᣬķΧ̫á
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šδӦһ
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ԴʵҲûʲôǾĽر𡭡ʵ֮ǰѾʹˣ֪ǲʲôϵ
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Щ߰ģ̾ˡ
δڳиĽ±˳ҲСӺͼ鳼һݣ¥¥ʱѻ¥ͷվǶС˵Ż
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δƽǰȥе±ָǣ˽һ㶣Ȼû뵽Ǵ
ллСƵĽӹ±ȴûгԣϸۿҲ΢΢ˡ
δĬһ˲ͬѧ֮䣬СĦģ̫ѹ
ҲûѹСӱǾԼ˼鳼ϴеԲǡ
ܳˣ˵Щ鳼˵˵
С򴽣ûס̾һԵĳһ±ӣڿ۾µ۽ţҲʮɥҲžöԲ̫ûˣղ仰û˵
˵ʲôƨأϾ͸¿ˣôνҪǱͣˣൢѧϰ鳼ü
򴽣ε̾
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ҲֻӦӦˡ˼䣬͸ظˡδĽصңޱһ컨Ͳ˵ˡ
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Ҫңܺ𣿡Ľһ
δ̫־˵Щ㲻
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ڰοˣδ
ĽһҰһ
ô꣬ûаδİһ
Ľбһۣʲô˼û
ѾѧϰˡδĶ˵
Ľüͷѧϰʲô
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Ľ
δãȻ飬ûйͱȥԡϴˣȳʱĽѾ±Թˣȵһɶ
ûԱδʡ
ĽһԱˣǾ˷ѡ
ٳԵʳɡδһ۾Ϳıʡ
Ľǳ˳飬ӹóһʳʼģһ߳һ߿δ˿̵δѾǰˣϷһıʼǱƺѾд˺ܶҳˡֱ߷ֻһ֧ʣһ߷ֻϵĵ飬һʼǡ
ĺͦñֱɫķһЩʪѾˮˣ˿̴еĶ̿㣬׶ġ
ĽƬ̣̲סѧϰɼǲǺܺã
áδ
ĽһڰʱһֻץҸ硢˲ôεӣȴ͵͵ùװŬܿóɼ˶Űɡ
Ҳÿ䣬δ˵һ䣬ֽһ䣬ұǡ
Ľмĺһſڴϲ˵ˣֻƽʱϲΣ˿ôҲ治ȥ˳κ󣬻̲סֻŵһԣڴϹȥ
δĶתڷʲô
˭ˣĽĶһ졣
δһ˲ֱӵӳȥĽһʲôҾ˵һ䲻ҪҸɼܰι
û˵꣬δ㽫ӷߣֱԱˡ
ôһĽĪĿ
δã־ЩӰ쵽ˣ
ƨȻɼãĵСɰԺҲԳΪҶΪЧɼٺÿֲģԺҲʲôĳɾͣĽž˵һѣ˵ʱüţȻľ
δĬһ˲㡭š
ϻ˵ˣϰǧ·һĲҲûҪԱӳԼѧϰǿϣôˣĽֱ׳.JPG
δ΢΢ף㱻úܺá
ôԼĽһйҧгݵĿڣúôҪֻɫ㿴ЩӣҲòٰȴߵڰ˵
Խ˵Խδʣ㵱ʱҲڣ˵˭Ƶģ

˭ĵģ

԰ԽԽʲƾʲôĴȴҪθʮ壬ƾʲôֻͣΣȴһʧûУĽ˵һ˵ԭˣܵ˵ƽˡ
δƬ̣ڣһʼû֣ôռľǣ㶯ˣҲûο㵱ŰεˣսȨ㣬Ժû취ܽˡ
𣿡Ľ˼
δ𣿡
ˣȻôᷣң֪Ͷˣȳ죬ҲڰҲĽҧгݡ
δ

 22 

¥ס, ȥɣ
һ
ҪߵĽͣüʲô
δޱĶƬ̣𣿡
ȻˣȻƼ£һԽԽ, Ҫ֪Լô, ʱͲϢˡ
δӻԼǣҰ
ôңĽȤԴۿδëϰ, ͶδŲˡ
δɨһۣһ־
Ľü
δ˼һ룺Ӧû⡣
ϣҵţĽٺˡ
ġδ
Ľһ£ʲô
⼸᲻׼Ϸ, ÿ챳ƪʫ, Ҽ, , ҾͲæδ
ĽʱˣҶͣˣ㻹ôң
Բ, 뱨𣿡δֱꡣ
Ľǳ˳飬βͷУɽ
δתȥ˯Ľ켸, ҲˡڶδΣܿ˯ˣҲûٳʲô˵¡
һ, δʱǵñ顣
š֪Ľ˯ʡ
δûٴ, ֻ侲ҳ飬Լϡ
֪, һᱳġĽ, δ֮, ˯ˣһƵ𴲷α
鳼С˹, ž£ϴߣϷ
Ҫ飬ңĽ
һ㶣˰졣Сӣϴ󡭡Ҫʲôţ
˵Ҫ顣鳼ѵ
СӵһƴĴŰ壺ϴѰǧ벻ϴ󣡲ǾǸɵ٣Ļ氡
ʲôҹĽţСһĲȣġȥ
СӸ鳼ݺĽĿα˶ˡ
汻̼˰ɣСѹ
鳼Ҳ̫ȷ֪˵ϴûôǡôѧĽȻҲĿα飬⻭ôô졣
֮󣬽ЩˣСٴѹȻҪúѧϰǻ߰ɣδѧԵ
ţְɣҲͦõġ
OK
Ҫ͵͵ߣһͷʹĽҶˡ
޹СܴСɪɪ
ȥѿαһ𱳡Ľ
С۾ƾʲô
ƾϴ󣬡ĽǳרȨ췴𣿡
ǿҪϷﲻƽ⡣Сֹһ䣬ĽҪæ㿪ƨƨߵȥÿαˡ
ѧһıʫģΪŴϷЧ൱ߣСʱѾ챳ƪʫģڿ԰ĴϷˡ
ĽΪжѣû뵽ôףãһ֮쵽ѧʱһ£δ֮չһԼѧϰɹ
δ꣬ӶͳһǸ
㽱أĽһһ߰ǿ˹
죬δÿһǣĽú˾ͻõһ飬ͣʱ䣬Ľһǡ
ͣʱһĽ˾ͻؽˣǰŵĲ񿴵˺ɪһ£һĿˡΪĽѾǰ˵ˣа취̼һѣԼ鳼С൱Ĵ߹ȥˣĽĿһۣҲֱӻصԼλϡ
ȵμʱ򣬰ΰгȥѵһͨ᲻ǹȥˡ¿ʽ˵ʱƽʱùĽǣҲܵ˽ŵգȻżҲῴˣֻϧÿһο˯Ϊա
ÿο˯һƬһһǳ͹Щ˵Ĳмÿôʱ򣬶⧲δϣĿ⻹ӵĴˣһδҲûôɵˡ
˵Ľ£¿ڵˡ¿ǰһպֵֵգʱĸǳȥҰοߣԼ궼꼶һݵһȨȻҲᣬΪʮӵĴɨӰʲôֻܷ߷ɨѡ
һǰɨʱÿɨѣϾͻͻȻһֽм޺޵Ŀһ۶ˣȴ˵ʲôϾ͸¿ˣκ¶ܻӰ쵽ķӣôЩˡ
ôţҧͣɨʼճ˲Ƭջʱѧ⣬ȻһͿһѣЦһ
֪ЦԼģЩȵĵͷͼӸղҳԵģ˰죬ԭԵһĴˣ񳰷Цˡ
ιϽĽ
һ£̺ɨǰȥˣĿɨδʱԭʼǵһֶûУ۵һ˿ɺͲм
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񼫾ԽеĿһۣͷ뿪ˡȸһ֮󣬽Ĭһ˲ǲˣҪɨˣ
Ľôɵø۵ģ
󲻳ϣΪɨأɨһܣˣȻҲ㵽˺ŵϡ
Ϊڶ¿ϰ¿֮󣬺ܶ˶Ծڽѧϰ󱬷һȺΧ⣬֮ǰڰǰ˵СӻΧǰ档
Ľһ¿ξųߣСӵҲ˹ȥֻг㻹ڽѧϰ⼸һֱ˯߲㣬ɫ֮ǰ԰ˣǶοԷǳ⡣
űʣһ̧ͷδҪߣɵЩȣͿˣ㲻ϰ𣿡
ǽʰûסЦһİɣøϰ
Ľˣð
δɨһۣϣ߰ɡ
˵Ҫһ𣿡ʣȻδѾǰˣǳ˳飬̧Ÿ˹ȥ
һߣǰŵĲһǲм
ѧϰܺáԱߵŮ
˸ۣ˰ɣɾʼǶģҲǳѧϰõġ
ɣǸʱָĴ⣬һΪɼܺءŮȡ
һ˭֪ǲΪװ٣ⱳأҼöˣһԾԭΡ
ô𣿲ҲǣĽǽõʲôˡŮһȻҲʮֲм
һƬ󣬺ŴһιǲҪ˵ˣͬѧԡ
һȺ˻عͷͿǺһǣʮֽšбһۣʲôƨѧԣҲܺŪŪЩҪѧԣΪʲôҴûѧϰҵôɣ
Ϊһͻᣡü
һȺ˺ЦЦóˡߵŮҿûĸѧϰõĲˢġԣˢ⣬ʼҲûУǶһ̱װѧϰװúˡ
ǣϰɳ㣬Ǹѧһ˸͡
һѧôˣƷãȱ˵˵ļһǿˣ
͵㣬㳤ˣô˵ŲԺðгɼõĲ㽲⡣
ʲôʱҽ⣡
۵һ˿⣺ĽǻˣǰҸ㽲
ɳܵĶһ˲ҪҲŲǻᱳѵˣ
ңҶϡһ䲻ɣûȤתһοʼרע⣬Χһ֪˼ˣҲÿʼˢ⡣
ںƵҪɥһῴˡ
δһ¥ߣͨͨģһֱڼװúѧϰÿδԼʱװһ˼ŵӣֹδѯԼĸϰȣԼϰôˡ
Ȼīƶ˵ʲôʲôDD
㸴ϰôˣ
ͷϴδõʱһ飬ڨڨĿһðɡ
ڵĿα19û̫仯ѶҲͣӦû⡣δ
纬ӦһԼ̽ѧϰɼ֮ǰϽתעȰҪܳԣҪ㡣
㲻
OKңȥ򡣡˵ܽ˳Уһֱǰų˿ӿһĺڡҪһᰡ
̾ϢѡܣѡģһһȥǮ
δڳſڵţű߳۵һ˿Ҫôࣿ
һǸġ˵Ÿһ
δ֪㲻̫ܳࡣ
ΪʲôţѾ˺˰װȻҧһڡ
δһ˲ڿ쵽ˡ
ȡȿȡû뵽£һʱ򣬲Сİѱ˺Ǻסԡ
δĬĬӶͳֽݸϽӹס죬һ𾪵Ŀ¸
ʵˡδڣȴҪѪ
ƽһ£ҵ˼ǣôǵ£
ҼԺáδش
羹ȻԶԡ

 23 

ܲô, ˸սûãھ͵ˣȻֻſԼѧ̸, ¸˸ɾ, ڽҴˡ
ľȣ綼Ҹطȥ, ȻֹˣҲ˵ĿӴҡڵ߳ȥ, ֻʵʵλϴ, ȷѧ˶뿪
ʱΪԼҪʵһ, ڿμʱûȥδ, δͷĲԣôˡǺδһ
˵º, ͳĬˣֱӿһڿΣȻʱһ, װһʱϵϵס۵ĳ£һɽȹӣһ, Ӣһֱӽ
Ҳܳһʱ, ²Ҳָһԭ򣬶֮ÿһ, ǰ׼һС
ֻû뵽, Ѿ, ԼЩ
źΣʮ־ȡ
δ˰, ͻȻڵǰ
ţãĿ
δΪݲͬ𣿡
˵ʲô粻⡣
δĬƬ̣Ʒ𣿡
ûһŵӣ⼸˾СʵڲЩҴ˵һǰˡ
δĸں棬֮ǰһıӰʧתҡ
صʱСӺͼ鳼ΧĽߴϷкͼͶ뵽Ϸȥˡδֱ˶ȥϴսԡûã˵һϷͽˡ
һ뵽ҪԣôȤûءСһ
鳼ЦҪҲȥϰһ£
鶼ûǽиϰԤϰС˵ţ˻ȭͷ
鳼бһۣ˵ƨӰ顣
ǣŤƵ쿼ԾͺˡС̾
һֱû˵Ľɨһۣע⵽δϵıʼǱһº𴽽ǣѧϰ𣿡
ϴ㿪ʲôЦǶûѧˡ鳼ŹֵĿһۡ
Ľͷ°ָδӣǱӦصʼǣҿһֱдǿԽȥ
ļٵģСǷǷ˹ȥ
ĽĿһۣιٽ衣
ûʡСӸϽתȻ͹Լһ˦δıʼǱ͵˵ϣŵøϽʾףҾԲǹİǱʼǱȶ֡
˵ʲôƨĽͷ
СӸϽȥ񣬸Ҫȥ治ڵĻҳŵʱͻȻע⵽ݣʱסˡ
ĥĥĸʲôأĽˣһƨ.ɡ
СãȻĿһۣϡϴΪʲôҪֱʼǰ
ʲôʼǣĽһŹֱ֣ӰѱʼǱ˹ҳͣס
Сһ⣺ǸЩʼǸʲô
֪ȹɣʳ˸ǡĽ˰ûͨɴˡ
űʼǱһδĶղӲСİ㶫Ūˡ
ǿˣδĿһۡ
Ľһˣһ𣿿Ҳ͵͵ӵģΪʲôҪֱʼǣ
δƽĿ
Ľ
˶ãĽı𽥹Ź֣մӺ﷢һ鲻Խɻ󣺡ܳ
šδĲ²Կ϶
Ľʱըˣ边Ȼǳģҵ𣿣
ֻ˽һ㡣δ
ĽЦַʽ˽⣬ҵ˰ɣ
δɨһۣûС
ҽһô£Ľŭ
δµȿ˵˵ĽͣһѣҪҰ
Ľһ£вҪδеǰ²ֵһᡣȨ֮δҵš
˵͹˵ƣ˯ˡ
ڰδƬ̣ӦڰߵĽ߰ҴҴǣյõͣĸð
ٰҵӣҿˡĽ
ڰδĴǸһ㲻ԵĻȣû˵ģֱתشˡ
һҹŵڶ¿˯žҲΪ˯á
ڶһ磬ʱĺ˿ָ̧ӹˡֻһССĶĺ󱳾ͳһ㺹һ۾컨忴˰Σε̾
治֪ò˵δѻˣ˵ڣھǰˣҵôһܣڶ۵ҪҲûбõûȥûпõġ
ѵҪڴϸʹ쳤̾ȴΪ̾ʱ̫ʹٴμء
ʱôѵı׶˾ͳˣֻϾʹݵĺ룬ϰĶɾˣסڶᣬ԰æѶûСڴϣŴ޹ʱæ߰ηˣ
ֻҪȵʲôʱ򰡡һ̾Ϣһܲסˣѵֻ֮ԥڻǸһ˶š
δս࣬ڴֻһ£ͳһüͷֱߡĽʱպøײϣ첲һסʲôȥ
¡δ
ĽüϰҪ
ŷңδ˵ͣһ£ġ
˵ֱˣƽʱһּꡣĽɻĿһۣžĳ¿ԭΣҪˣ
˵үүأĽ뿼𣿡
ʱ˵ˣһͷץ顣Ľλ£ͳֻ緢Ϣģ
ȻϢʯ󺣣ûлӦַ˼ֱνŽ
ѹûϢΪڳһϵδ󣬾Ͳ֪˯ˣֱ⴫Ż
Ƕ˯һԵʣ˿̵û֮ǰôˣһȥţʦ㡭
˵һʱˣûˡ
ɫáδĮ
¿ˮԴһ棬յһ㡢ôģ
ÿʱ䣬Ǹ¥޹ܿᡢϢʱû˿ܡδ˵žȥһûסϽ泯һĿǽڣһ°ڡ
Ѷ̿סȻȴ˶ܹôһ鲼Ҳ൱ޣƴʱڻ᲻֪
δһͷͿһƬķɫʱˣȥ·ֹҩ·֮ԡ
˵ţĴӳƿûôˣϽȴվٳٲ
ȥδŵߴ١
¿ˮҵû·㵲ҹˡ
δһ£ĬĬԱŲŲ
ĽǰŲĵĿڣ۾ϰҡȻЩȴʩϻģеΡ
Ҳδı۾ëγһƬССӰ
һٶȳ嵽ӱߣҪ·ͳԡҳȥˡһֱԡҵŹϣߺ۾ˣ
δ۾ű㿴ĹӴ󿪣Ϊֱ·ַһЩ·˳һۺݮڣ˿ҡҡ֮Ĺڹϣڵ벻ıԵ


 24 

δĬ, ͻȻðŲȥֽ, Сĵİ˻ȥ
һʰԼʱ, Ѿ˲˵Ҳɨ, δվڴձŪĴ֡
һ£ͻȻҪըһ, żܹȥǰʲô
Ҫϴδ
𾪵Ŀ, ŷӦϴ», Լ
ȰֹҩˡδûҪÿ˼
ְ, ջΪ̲˸ʹУҧȥ˱ˮ, ֺˮѾˣ̵ֻȥȽˮˮʱѾ˸ɾĴ, ҲѾˡ
±Ƶſվ˰ΣֱδŻ񣺡㡢ûͦá
ҩ, Ϣδ
һ±, ľګĵ˱ˮˮ̫, Ҫһ²ܺ, ͸ɰͰ͵վǰ, ˼Ϊʲô˻ͬһƬܡ
ȥϣˮҵݸ㡣δһοڡ
Ŷľګĵ, δȻº̲סʣҲҰιôԼˣ
ղ۵ʱֻֻֻţԥ֮ѡδǲĽֻʱǸ̲סͬ2019δĶæҰôԼˣ
δһ˲ϰڼҪţûա
ҸŮͬѧԹġ޹˵
δɨһۣҪˣ˭
ҲŶôӵһ¿֪ʱ򲻿רġ
̾һڰﶼرԡδһ£㲻
ûУֻǾеΣڨڨһ޹ץˣ˵ˡ
δ֮ŵҩ˯£Ҿߡ˵ָ꣬ڱ¶ȣÿ˾Ͷ˸
æлŸոպõˮҩƬȥҩˣ۰Ͱ͵ĿδҪ˯ˡ
ڸԼߣδĬվ
ߣһֻǲ꣬δߵſͣ·Ҷϴ»ˣϴҺʲôҲѾӹ˯ٰ֮ԴȻ㡣
õģллл
δ˶٣绹ҴȥҽԺ
òãھѾúܶˡæ˵ڴϿƺĴ뿪
δһۣҷ㣬Ϣˣǵȥԡ
áһῼԣôӸء
δޱĻ˵ſھ뿪ˡʱļ̵ĵıϴɹıϢδԼɨĻ档
ͻȻԼʵδûеô˽⣬˵ǰһֱãδǸʳ˼̻ɣһñãһ;Щ
ٿԼĶ˱Ʒֹҩ˵ʵҲ˵ġ֮ǰһֱòŮԸδͻȻôˡ
ʶԼЩ߰ģ̾Щˣ۾ܿ˯ȥ
ֹҩԵʣҲ˯ˣСʱٴʱȻûʹˡ
õ׼𴲣ȻֻĽġ
ι£ʡ
ĽͷôϢ
һ£Сͨҳ濴ϢʧЦе㲻ղ˯ˣ׼ذˣ¿ˣ
㲻Ľһȣδȥˣ
գգ۾ô֪
ϻȱ˵һģ֪ܲ𣿡Ľ͸һ˿ɻ󣬡԰Ҷ֪ô֪ģͬɣ
Ҹĵ绰ҩϾϽתƻ⣬ҩ˰ûϵһ𣿡
ˣ¿ģ߿ٵСʱ׼ղһֱ档ĽעȻתˡ
ĿСʱ˺ܾãеԼˡ
һѧĽʡ
񣺡ھ͹ȥ
ϽӾͽˣҰ㿼㡣Ľ˵͹˵绰
粻ҵ󣬸ϽСų¥ˡ
¿Ȼģ߿ǱϾĸ߿ѧУҲרʱпԣԿʱ䰲ŵñȽϽѧӢۣȿԽʱ˶۵Ҫ̱˨DD
Щɶɶĳ⡣
ο꣬´οԻһ£Ȼʱܽ˻ʱķˡ֮ϰμ䣬ƽʱҪ࣬⣬Ķġ
ѧԣοôεѶ̫ˣҺüⶼûдꡣʱһֱŮʣ˲֧˶䡣
̫̾ˣҹƻ᲻񡣡
ۨDDĻش𣬺ŵСӻûס鳼ҲһЦӡ
ִ۽ĸоô˵
֮СĽм
СӵķӦ˲񣬵ƺֻǺݺݵСһۣ㲻߿ˡ
˵ŮղŵĻ⣺ϲЦ˭֪۳е²һĴѧԣҪǲȫ綼뿼ˡ
ôᣬеѧϰõĻǺܶģǳƨ˳㻹һǫ飬ôù˵ῼñҺãʱһ͵óˡ
Цˣܽ꼶ǰʮллˡŮ̾Ϣ
Ҫ˵ɨδˣһ̧ûЦ㲻ռһҲ˵һˡ
ΪʲôŮ档
Цһǲбѧ𣬿һҵϰ֪ĵˣͲҴˣ
ۣͻῪЦһƶȱˡŮЦ
һδ߾ʱ̧˵˼ȱһҲܵһء
δһûֱӴߵȥˡˣüĸоδ˵˵£ܼһӣȳɼôþΪ˵һԣδԭΡ
СﶼˣЦԹδСѧǣһߵӡ
δλº󣬺Ľ˴ĺ󱳣ιͲһȭ
Ҫδش
ĽüộڱУ
δĽյý˵㣬ѹʣǵôӦʲô𣿡
š
ʲôʱ֣ѾȲʹˡĽ֡
δûлش⣬һģ¿ɼʲôʱ
ճеµϰߣϰһ磬ʦоӸ¼룬Ͱѳɼˡ
δһ٣
֪ˣĽһǳеɫɣĳɹѧУַ֮**ַúܳס
ÿα棬ҾνʾڵĸоСӴչĿˣÿζĸ߹ʱ̡
ҲŶءС˵һ䡣
ĽѵĹͷڣͲˡ
㲻˼ЦЦ
ͬʱ뵽˿Գɼʱ龰ɵó̾һĽ˵ڶҲϵϰһ綼û˹ܣÿ඼ġ̵μξҲ˵˵Щҵرİ࣬ʱǲܵġ
һѧʦ֮ĬΪ˿ԽôãרŸһʱôҷɵģʱ񶼲˵˵
ȻҪԭҪ˷Ĳʺƨ
ղȥ칫ҵʱʦһ˵ε۾ӳ̫ѣһƽʮĶûСδҷԡ
һô˵ǳݲṴ̊̾һҿ϶ˣ󼸵ⶼûꡣ
Ҳһ˵ǰдĺáƲļǵĻ⡣
Ůһ£ѧأд𣿡
дˣһ顣ֵ
ŮĽˣһرã˵˦ڶһأ컹˵꼶ڶûء
ǾͲ֪ˡЦһͽĴ
һ˴ǰδعͷʣأ𣿡
أδʡ
ûסЦԱߵĳæδ˵ûҲûδ˵ôһ༰ĶûԴӲ˵δǸѧȻЩ˵ԼѣɽҲãδѧϰõӡ
Ϊչͬģǲġ
ˣ̲סЦΪ˾ϲвû˵͸أô
Ҿû㿴ܺãӦн
ȹϲˡЦ۾䡣
úÿǶЦʱˮң㱻ˣҪ˵һллʱԱ𣺡̵ˡ
ŵæãƬ̺⿴ֻտҲɻĿδأ
ˡδ
۵һ˿ã̵βȽŲôô졭
δĬˡ
һ磬㰾˷ѧΪĴͶòˣȷѧһͳ˳ȥΪһʳõˣһݺǷ
ĽʳʱѾڱһһڳˣĽЩͲôȥ
ɣһӦû⡣ͷҲ̧ĳԷ
ĽһСӵ˴˷Աһԡ翴һļ⽷˿ǷԵһ£ʲôʱĳˣ
µˣûǮˣõȵһѲܳ⡣Ľڵ
ʧЦü鳼֧Ԯһٰ
ǵǮҲˣڻȥˡĽһ
ǳ˳飺ôһ𣿡
Ҳϲ棬ĻУûĽڵǼʣ˻һ٣һ棬ǮҳԷˡ
ǻǹģĿüͷ˿̾һԼĺһһļи
ĽæסԼ˿ʲô
ԺⰡ粻ΪʲôͻȻ
Ľһۣõ룿
ڵұǮлл
ĽԼһԣԼУмˣǵǮҪһ꣬˭Ǯ
Ǯҳ£˹սͶʡ
ĽһĺⶼԼˣҪбһۣԸԾ͵ȥ
ˣƾʲôԣĽĿһۣӿʼ̻ʣĺ⣬һСԷٶԿ
ЦЦҲ鲻ĿԣԵһʱ֪˭һ䣬ɼˣʱʳܳȥ֮һʣµҲڼӿԷٶȡ
ɼ˰һ׷죬ҪҪȥ
ʲô˵ҲǵҡĽһ
һҲǣԷȳ֮һȥʱպÿδǸɴһˡ
ô˵ĳɼһطҵԼ𣿡·ϣЩ档
Ľʼ磺аɣһ꼶ÿ꼶Ҳ̫࣬ҵģʵڱҲʦѱĳɼſڡ
̫ˣǵҪʾˡһ
Ľһǰߡ
˵ǰʱռҴҸӭײˡ
ӴôżԼڼĿһۡ
סĽ̾򲻼񣺡Ͳƣ
ǸѾϰˡ߹ͷ­ֱߵ˹β
üѧԣɼǰء
һºŵĳɼУбһۣתعʱһ۾ͿһĽ磬ɵһЦˣǺͬζǰŵģһڶǰ࣬ʦҪ˰ɡ
һ䣬ҰڹϡĽ
һ£ʱЩˣΧôˣ׳һµӣôǣȥҵĳɼ
˵һ룬Ѿ˹ײ֮ʱסˡ

 25 

ѧ, ǲֵһˣϲһֱʵͽŮ˹˵һ䣬˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥ, һȫ벻ֺ, һʱҲЩȡ
ⲻܣȱһţôܱҿúãе֮һοԼϻ, ̬˲ˡ
Ľչȥۣδַһĸ, ʱҲˡ
һʦ, ھȥʦ˵, ŭ칫ȥˡ
ĽŹ¿ˮ, ߽ɰͰ͵δôţ𣿡
аɣ750, ȱһ150ֵģڿ600֣綢δֺķһ, ֵһᡣ
Ľôֵһᣬˣ
ͻȻ뵽һ£ͷδʣ֪ѧϰô𣿡
šδӦһ
ĽͻȻͱ, Լְ, ԼԸְ֣ҲԼ, ѹϰָô, һ, ԼǸҪ, ϰֹʹŶԶ߸߷˰ɣ
ôˣ粻ĿܾͻȻ͵
Ľ߷ߵĿһۣû£
㿴û޹
ңĽ˵ߺߵˡ
ĪĿδΪʲô鲻ã
δĬһ˲Գ˰ɡ
磺
ôˣδʡ
ڨڨһЦ֪ΪʲôǿЦһ仰ɴ˵оһ
δġ
Ϊ̫ˣԲ˵ģ˵پ£æתƻ⣬ȥҰ˰ɣе֣һ¿϶Ҫ鷳
ڵȡδ
üʲô鷳Ϊʲô
ΪӦСѣδش
Сѣ˭ѽˡ
δû˵׷˼䣬ûʳֻˡ
һߣһȺѧڰʦԾƽ˲İ칫Ｗģ໵һɤӿ൱עĿ
ˢˢĵӶˣ侲һ㣬ƫѣûҲΪ˱һ㣬Ͷ϶˼ҵĳɼǼٵİɡ
ȱһģôܿ600ѵ֣ǶǵоһǳbugˣʦѾóҲô࣡Խ˵޵Խݡ
һھӻû꣬ȷжϺòã
УٵõȵˣҲǰһ磡ŭ
ΰ侲һ㡭
ʦӶҪһ°ɣ꼶һ޻ˡһһű±ʦڵ
ɨһۣҿ־뿴뿴ɡ
Ҷͦģ뿴ʦǲôи꼶ǰǰࡣʦЦʦҲŸ͡
ЦһôĻԼңôӣҿûա
ѧǶأܿˡʦ˵ţָѧǿʼԾпյʦҲʼæǱİΡ
򴽣Щ־ҪתʱЩ˶Щᣬ֮ôڣ޷֤δķǸbugϲ̳ܽɼôõѧ
ֻϧȻȴķϾҲδķ⣬ϾȱһţεѶִ󣬾־Ҳֻ560֣ܰѳľ֮Ծ֣ǲܵ¡
̾ϢһֲѾˣüͷδĳɼǲ⣬ԾͲ׼ˡ
֪ʦӣ۾׵һվ
αֵ鲻̫ãһ仰ҲԸ˵ˣδľ½ҳҲȥһʼʦԾʼſžһ룬һʱĵģƯ׼ȷʱΪ־ģû뵽Ȼġ
һɫˢһ°ˡ
ҿһʦҲ˹ϸȷȫԣҪֻһٷ֣һӸֵľ֡
ʦ佱һʱ򣬶֧ʦĻ̿ǣҿѧ
ʦ̽ӵݸֱӷ˴ϸ֮һһķԣӦ֡
۾һҲ˵Ŀƿڣ⺢ô£һΪʲôд⡯أ˵͸ÿһ֣ԡ
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ʦø꼶һڶǰˣǲ֪δĳɼôǲҲôɫʦˡ
ЦУôأǿ꼶һˣڵĳɼ㿼֣Ϳеĸ߿״Ԫɡ
ʦ
˵꣬ע⵽վ˫ʧúʧȥϣϵЦ⵭ЩҲԾˣڲǼٵ˰ɣȥ֮úö飬Ŭһ㣬δѧϰ֪𣿡
ڳе¸ˣһ˵˭ѧϰˣһѵĿڣʦᱳ𰸣ЩһģҪףʼǶôܡ
ˣܼ࿼⼸ûͷ׳ɹԾʦԳģһֱУ칫ôǰ𰸣־ϱô𣿡
ܱҿúã˳ȥ
벻ϽԼѧ˳ȥһѧ˵ذˣŷ
صֱߵδǰ˵㵽ôǰ㵽ԾְѴ𰸱ģ
ι˵⻰ʲô֤𣿡粻õʡ
ݺݵĿһۣû㣡
˭һûó֤֮ǰƾʲôҪش㣿Ľܻӣ΢ˬ
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Ľһˣûꡣ
ô£ǲ͵ˣĽĻţֻδִֵǸ⣬ʷѶߣҺǸٶ֣ôȥĳɼ֣
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δĺƬ̣ԡ
һӦˣҪתȥ칫ԾȻתһ룬δں浭˵ô
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δƽڲǰѹԵʤӸµĿŲ񣺡˵ھңøʲôۣ
ֻ֤Լ񲻷
δƾʲô֤
ҭһ£ɨô˿֣Ѿﻢµ״̬ҧҧݵĻЩ⣬Ҿѧ
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޺޵Ŀã
˵ԼһкµܽŵٲȻεĿԾֻⶼǿյģδô
ԾδͲм䣬δ⡣
һԥѡѧѵһδһĿֱ̨ȥԹȺǼ״λĻλǰŵǰţ˿ֵ׼
һŵĽδ˷۱ʣüͷ磺ιɣ
ࣿü˳Ŀ⿴ȥ۵ǽҾûδѧϰϳࡣ
һֱΪδĴԴϸеѾ֣ĵ׶ľҲδٹ
ʱΪ2019ǻ۲ˡ
ĽЦӯӯĶδֹŹֵĸоˣûϸ룬̨ϵδѾʼˡ
˼·򵥾׼Ҳƽöԭֵ˽㲦䣬Ȼоӿһ㣬ŪԼΪʲôˡ
Ľһоδţơѧ֮ǰûôѧϰһȻҲƣЩɼõģƱһͨ˰ɡ
δһ⽲꣬۾ˣԾָһ⣺Ҳţ⽲ˣ
δùһֱۣڿյĺڰϿʼˡ
δ治ԾʼЩţջΪ³´ҴϣκʦҲſֵĸ˹ȥ·Ǹʦ˵ʦѧʶ̫аҪ꼶һ꼶ڶˣ㵽ʱ˭أ
Ϊʦôƫ̻Ȼ˭˾˭α
ʦЦһʦǸˡ
бһۣûٴˡʦ߹սǣȣͿǰΧһȦˣǸϽȥûȰ˶ߣ˽ｲʦͬʱһ㶣ŲҲ֮
ȵ˴ʱͿδڽһ⣬̨±ƽʱϿʱѧˢˢǱʼǣѧеĲ֪ĸıʺֽҲˢˢдûЩֻϼ֪ʶ㡣
ʦļ̣˰󣬾δ߼Ȼ˷ѹЩѧô档
ȻûµģʦҲûҪˣһͬ칫ߡ
ʦǺøȻôһԸѧϰĺѧʦٴ
ɨһۣЦе԰ɣҪƷãԲסôõѧ
ʦҭһ£ʲôû˵뿪ˡ
߽δһ궼һ룬ţܡܡóٽһ
ιⲹϰˣĽͷͲη𣿡
ˢһ°ˡ
СڵϽ̨ڰ壬鳼δʪδ˹Ĳ֡
һǲˣƽʱһֱŵŮ̲סδٽİɣ͵ǰҡ
Ļһ˵һСƬ
δƽĿƾʲô
ûκֻʣƾʲôŮû뵽ôֱӣˢһºˣʣµĻҲ˵
δߵǰӸµĿ̫ס
ʲô̧ͷ˶ˡ
δҿ600Ϊֻ600ֻܿ600
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仰˵ں, ͻȻߵľżһ, ˶ɥˣʧǵ, һֶ˵
δûΪ⸱ҡֻ֣žžવʱѣ㻹ûеǸ
ˣһͬĶû, ֲ˵ʲô
԰, ǸһӦĽ, ǰδеĳ졣
ɲ԰׵͸, ۵ǲʣδ侲, 类ƵһѸٷֿɥһһԲ˵͵øˡ
ԡδ
յĿʲôԵģѾǸˣ
ǶҵǸǶδ˵꣬һſȥ
˷ܳԹϡͻȻɹϵĽ
˳δĿ⿴ȥ, ۵׵ŭأʲô˼
ΪͲɾ£Ǹδޱ顣
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ߺޣƾʲô˵ľ䲻ԣǾһȺѧϰ
ҲδûĴ
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ı׼, ɼþ, 𣿡δġһ䡣
ڳгɼ粻Сǣ˵˵
޺޵Ŀƫƫɼû˼Һ, 뷴Ҳ˵ʲô
ǸδƺѾĹ⡣
̣ջվĽ˵һԲȻŤͷˡ
ĽһĪˣҴ˲С˹˭۸˼ұȲء
Ȳˣδ˵ʱɨһ۲ȣƷͳɼһҪãѧϰãҲƫĵСɰ
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԰һ˫۾ϴСɰС̸͡
Ľݺݵĵһۣ죡
СӺٺһЦ˸Ķûס۵һЦ˳ĽԼʱϽһſϼװ˯ȻȴЦһһġ
Ľһڵӣһ䡮šĺõſˡ
δһۣصԼλ¡ԾʱδѾе£в˶͵͵ſ￴ĳʮ𾪣Ȼû뵽ѧ᳤ôÿ
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ңƽʱһ飬õϵüУţȡģҿһˣȫ඼ô
֮ǰδԷʱһ˼ϰ壬ڵˣֱ
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鳼Ҳϴղ˵ףҲΪ۽ǲǵ˼ҳԸ˳ȥҹУˡ
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˵أܲ𣿡Ľ˵ʲôƨı顣
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СӾһϴð˭ʱ򣬾ĽеԴ׵δѰɣǰͬѧҪ
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ȡԣе㲻δ˺֪ΪеԼڵֱ˵ǻæ˸ɡ
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Сӣûˣɡ
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ˣ
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δֵĻش𣺡ԡ
ǳ˳飬޺޵İԼˮˣֳ˵㶫һͬѧУߡ
Уſʱֱŵĸоһγˣüͷǰߣȿ쵽ſʱ͵ػͷһһӰȻû뵽ͻȻͷһºŤͷܡ
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 27 

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̵ܳĸ, ץŪ㣡֣˿Ӱٶȡ
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ȥгˡδ˵ʹм䴩뿪ˡ
µĿǵıӰֻһĹ̫ˡ
ǡǻ𣿡Сʡ
鳼üͷˣ㹻ˣȥҲңǻŰɡ
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СҲ̾ýϴ˵ûϣˡϴôģδԼһȥг
ߵȳ⳵ҽԺĽû֮ǰ۵ôˣδҪæ˫־ܾˣԼҲԡ
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ĸоĲˣĬһ˲ˣջǱﴦߡĶĿڴķҲͷֻһ˲䣬ԼĺΧˡ
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Ľüǰͬѧ
ڣͬĳ㶼ôүǰͬѧҲӦøİһСͻȻ㿴үչˣܵүһᣬүʳҪǲϲүô
Ľסˣ鳼Ҳסˡ
С˵꣬ɵı飬һҲͦõģ͵ϼˣԺĸȹ̡
鳼ãȻүϴ賤һģһһģһҪӡ
СͬʱĽһˬĸоʱϮͷǼƤˡ
ƨܣĽŭһŰ߷ˡ
ϴ𼱣Һ˵ϡСӼˣæȰ
鳼Ҳʼ壺԰Ӻ˵ģϴǧǲһ𡭡
Ľһ鶼ûУֱӾҪˡ
һۣƨĹˡ
Ľڴߣһֱδ
δʱͿڵϵӣŭڵĽ
ôˣδ
Ľ̶ݺݵʣǲϲ磿
δû뵽һºû˵Ľһվϲ
𣿡δü
ҵġ赱Ȼ£Ľֱ˵ãͣһû˵ڡ
仰δͳһ˼ѵóһ˿㶣
ʲôĽӡ
δıҲ׼Ǵġ
ûˣҸ㣬Զ㣬ȻҲֵ֮顣Ľŭ塣
ǲֵܣδҲܶġ
˵ʲô
ΪǺ㶼ѪԵϵδͬĿ
Ľһ㶣ô֪ѪԵϵ
δĬһ˲ͼͣڶкøУֻΪŴ.һѪԵԽԽΪĻ߶ơ
ȱ죬ĽĻ֪ͬĸ츸ãû˼أ֪ãҪ֣ʲô˼
δһ£Ļ΢΢ɣٿԼһų⣬֮󿪿ڣá
ǽ㣿Ľעˡ
δһۣĬĽϵźã棺֮ǰʹңΪʲôҪôã˵¿֮𰸣ʱˡ
Ľüʲô𰸣Ҫĵ硣
ҪĵģҲҺ£δŻǰǵ֪֮Ĺϵ
˵Ľ򴽿Ȼͷϡ
׼δ˵δȴˣһֱĬͷ֣صְ֡
Ľ

 28 

δ, ͻȻһļž
֮ĽѿڣȾˣ
ûСδش
ĽŲشʲôֱӳק˹, üͷ˹ȥδĴԽԽ, Ȼһĵͫ׶ʼ΢΢ˡ
Ľûô޲, ͣһΣյĵطϸź󣬷ȷʵûоζ, ʱըûȾƻ˵ֻ, Ϊ, ɥĲĻҲ˵ó
û, ΪʲôҺֺ㸸ĸһҲ㸸ĸʱһ𣿡δ֣侲Ľ·á
ĽڱըŴñҺ˰ɣ
δĬһ˲Һ2019ĩ, ԭһ԰У֪ʲôʱմң2042꣬41Ҹʾ, ǻһԺ󴩻ȥ
㵽˵ʲôƨ㲻ɣĽԭֻ侲֮ͻȻе㲻ͷ
δԸ, Ҫ׷, Ҳ̫ôĽڣֻһ
ǱǲʲôŴԾ񲡣Ľüͷһص, ڵ, Ͳˣ
41дż, 㿴һ¡δһֱ˳2042ʱ, յģҲע˻ȥޡ
ĽɵĿһۣӹɨһۣϤּסˣ춼ûӦ֣ȷʵдġ
ģµģĽ㵽Ǿ񲡻֢
дġδ
ƨֲûҰֵĲ񣡡
ּ·ı䣬ñϰߺĲ䣬㲻ŵĻȥδ˵һ£˵һ򵥵İ취ȥӼֵܺ͸ӵĻƶȲֻͬҪ˼Ϳ֤ǵʲôϵˡ
Ľ˵ôƶͻȻġ
δĿºЩҳڲù賿ĸůֵĺ塣
Ұ֣ҵ־ȡģĽŹ֡
δ˵ͷûҺһȡģŮˡ
ޣ¶˰ɣĽߺߣСˣһֱ˵Լв̸Ҫǰ˼Ҳϸеͣôܸһ𣿣
δ
˰ϽɣҲһʶҲáĽݺݵĵһֱۣӵ˴ϡ
δĬÿô˵ģ
⣿Ľ۾˵ˣСƷѧ˼˰ɼһֱܺãſڶôһˣ
軹˵ʲôˣδı΢΢͸ŹŹ֡
ĽΪԼ轾ôʣҲֱ˵ˣ˵ѧʱӲѧӲȥɣҲ໰һҾò̫׼ʲôʱ򱻵ĺˣǻȰ˵ģǣܵ˵ŮԵĵ䷶żת䣬ûκȱ㡣
δ˳ĳĬĽֵĿһۣһ̱˴ϡ
֪еĸĸΪϢԵƭӣԼ󣬵û뵽ôءδЩᡣ
Ľüʲôأ
δһۣŤͷԼϵЩʲôһ֮ǰװľߵ͸ܷ
£Ľü
δ֪˵ʲô㶼ţֱӵİ취֤Ҹëҵͷȥ
˵Ż㵱Ľ˼ͷ˴Ȼϡ
ˡĽĲУ˵ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼû
һ˯һҲãӶδǾ䡮ְ֡ò˯ˣͻȻμδ18ĸι̣һӾ;ˡ
ʱ컹ûδ˯š
Ľͷúõ˳ë߰㣬ŹǷСӷţ¡
Сʱ̰Ȱȵ˹ϴʲô°
ʱδѾϴˣĽŴ岻оȥһӼ
ʲôӼСе¡
Ľһľߴһշ䵹ҳģԼͷֱӰУͷҽ
ŶáСµӳȥˡ
δǡýĽбһۣӷ˭ѣͰԴ򱬡
δһۣû˵
2042ЧҪ߳࣬СӰѶͬǿݵоͳˡ
ڶڿεĴμ䣬ڿѧֱӵ˲ٳ档СӺĽڱ˭Ҳû˵ϻʱСȴĽû
ΣڳŲסˣϡϴ˵˭˭Ӽ
ȷǸӹϵֵܣĽڡ
С¿ˮӺֵܵļǲһģǸӡ
᲻оˣֱӰҡһͷɲͬ˵ˣϾÿﶼкüͷĽһŬԼ侲
С㶣ǲͳԼԼԱˣƶȸǰٷ֮ٲŶԣԲǡ
һģĽͻȻըëҲǸӹϵ
СһͰ͵ĿڣԶԶԣϴ˵û˵ŻˣĽһ
ڲٳ翴һЩ˹ȥôˣ
Ľһ£ð̧ͷ۵һ˿ᶨ
磺
ͻȻԴʱһ£ȷӦʱѾεһͷ˻һüͷʣ㾫񲡷ˣ
ž񡭡һ뵽п˭Ľ˲졣
ˣôˣ
죡һ裬ŮԵĵ䷶־ĴˣŲӵ磡
״̬ԣɴԱˣͿԼͷֽСĵӿֱҪ졣
Ĭһ˲ǲȥң
ޣĽĵһۣҲûô񶾣
һӦʲô˼Ϊʲôͷװ
ҪܣĽ˵ͳ˳ȥ
վΣĪľҩˣ
ĽһҵСʱС᣺ϴ㵽ʲô
һΣĽ֣صİװͷСӸǲĸӹϵ
㵽ڰ˭Щ°СΡ
Ľͷˣﲻ
ϴҰæҿ϶ҪġСæ
ĽһҪתߣһͣˣ²Ҫκ֪û
κָǡ鳼Ҳ˵𣿡СӺ档
Ľüԣ˭Ҳ˵
֪ϴ󣡡С̴Ӧ
Ľ룬ûʲôɶˣֱӻˡ
һᣬͿδǱʼддûסȥһۣۼ֣Ӳô죿
Ľܳ
δĶϱʼǱ𣿡
ô죡ĽķƢ
δĬһ˲Ҳˣڵļʱ̣ܶСʱӦþͳˡ
ȥĲģо֪ĲࣿԺҲ飡Ľ˵꣬ͷ˴ϣú󱳿ܵĶ棬ȴŵһ
ôô죬һ2019괩ĵأԼ˵ô찡
ȻѾ˵ڣĽСĸڣҲû취ѻջȥˣֻҧ
ʱ򣬱ͻȻδŵҪͣˡ
ȥϴһ˯
Ľ¿ˮһ̬ȶӵĿڣܣ
ô˵ԡߵ˫ȵǵڵúܿ죬δһۣ۵һ˿Ȼ
һĽ˯ˣصĶﲻδ衣ͿһĶЦûȥʱһͿͻȻ໰ҵӶˡ
صޣһδоѡ
û˯ãĽµĺ༸Ҫڲסδ˵ʲôȴ㿪ˡ
һ綼λһƮţֱСӴϢ͵ػ
ĸӣˡ
С¿ˮĸӡ
Ľһû˵粻֪ĸ˳һһ
أҧһֵĿ߳Աʡ
ĽĿһ䣺㲻˵ʳƷ̫ܳ𣿡
ʲôʱ˵ĪƭСӵĻô˵
ƭСӣĽ۾
ü㵽ôˣ쿪ʼͲԾ
Ҽϴе㲻ϣСæ˵꿴Ŀ¿ˮٺһЦүԵ𣿲һ
δ䣬ڻûԵǸڣһ޹Сӣ𣿡
ԣСòУү̫ˡ
ĵġٺһЦ治ɫļԿ
һĿһеĽһ㿴DD
Բ裡Ųǻ¿ˮڿϻܼԵĶļһҲѧǺһĻСå


 29 

ĽĿ, ϾͲдϡšĸˡڸ翪ЦСɨһۣıסˣϡϴôˣ
ҲɻĿ˹ȥ, ĽӺ͵, ߵĴһDD
类ŵÿˣûô, ŤͷˣĪˡ
ôˣüСӡ
СҲ൱ãȻ, Ҫ˵֪, һ, ͻȻԼһֱӼ¡òǸǼйذɣ
翴С˼, üʣˣ
ûûûҸղһ, £Ҳ֪ϴôˡСӸЦһڨڨŤͷˡ
ϾͲּʺˣ꿾ߵʱ, 첲ͻȻסˣһһ̧ͷ㿴δ
ʱޱ, , ˺üˣ֪Ϊʲô
㵽ôˣûס˳, ˽ŵֲ, ôһֱ, Ϊ˺ܶȣĻҲԲ, αǿԼԼһҲˡ
δһ£û
㵽Ϊʲôɻ
δû˵綢Ƭ̣Ѹ첲˳̾극ʱ򻹺úõģǵ˽ŵʱͻȻ˵ģԻΪҰɣģһԶ㣬鷳ġ
˵ǰߣ±ץס
ûδ
һǴ˵ˣ̻ͷʲô˼
Լδ˵ûˡ
绰ֻһ룬ðצģҪ˵ʱ򣬾䣺㷢֣ܵÿһЩͲˣûչ˺㡣
磺
ôҲû뵽֮⼸ΪΪԼǡ˲֪˵ʲôˡ
¶Ҳܹ㣬Լ̫ܵˣ˵һ£ûסЦ㻹ǸϽˣ⼸ҶҺ˵ֱͷһ
δ΢˵ڳͷ㣿
籾ôһ˵ɱ˼룬еֵֹˡ΢΢죺ҲǸ˼ᡭ
ҲԼˡδĻǰһٴηס
Լߡ¿ˮͼԼĽһʼŤʱۣϢ죬Ͻһ춼ڱŻָúܿ죬Ѿ·ˡ
δһۣ㲻·
ҲȫΪҪúܽǰЩ飬ЩӦҪƿ
Ȼδûзֵ˼ûֻܷ֮ˡΪЩȣ̲ס࣬һСֹһ䣺̸ʱҲûôá
δ˳Ĭһ˲ǰ㲻ã
ͦõģû뵽һæȣһѧϰҰ軹ְرá
δû뵽һĴ𰸣ʱ˵ˣһ·ķ¥£ֱ޹ܰˣĬĬɿ硣
һϽ¥ߣûĳ󵭵ҲǰΣҲ衣
磺
ɻĻعͷֻܿıӰˣðһµʣδΪʲôˣ
һʵ̫ˣ綼ȥˣĻص˯һ
ʱ򣬰˼Ѿˣһž͸ĽˣҪкǼһ͵ͷ
磺
̵߹ȥĽÿλºŸ¡
Ľ㵽ôˣ絣ǵĿ
Ľ˽Ӳû¡
㿴ûµӡ൱̹ϡ
Ľһ£һǰδ򴽲˵ˡʲô˵ֻ÷ǽ۾ʦ˽һ΢ӣû˯
Ľһ£һ仰Ｗ˳㲻ƷѧŴڿ˯𣿡
һ˭˵ģһ㶼Ц˯˯㲻֪
Ľ
ûش۾ԣ˯
Ľһ¡
δأҪ˯ñ˵ˡһһ㰤ı顣
Ľӣ˵ӣֱʱһСܳ
һֱҸϳˣü
ĽİͷŤȥһ޿˵Ҳ㡣
˸ǷǽǣҲ㡣˵ŻƤٴγ
ĽȻûпȴ֧ŵģ˰û̲סŤͷͿ˯ˣΪ˯Ʋ̫ͻ΢΢ţһʱҪˮӡ
Բ裡
Ľߵһ£ŵһֱˣװúѧϰӣѵԱһۣⲢû˺һʦˣ
ûСĽش
һ£Ҹ
ĽƬ̣޿̵Ϊʲôѧϰ
磺ʵúã˼ҲΪʲôѧϰ
ĽȰúѧϰԺôϴѧϴѧ㻹ô߹ʣ
ΪʲôҪУ޹ĿڵĳɼøʵԼĹ
ʲôĽʡ
ЦˣյԱߵ±꣬׬ǮԼԣô˷ѡ
Ľ
Լ߰ʱ˵±꣬ʱΪڿЦû뵽Ȼġ
˵δó룬Ľصıɻ󣺡ôˣ
˵Ľˡ
һһ䣬翴񾭲һɴĲˡһˣĽˣһֱίΪԼǲǸʲôԲˡ
ѧȥʳʱδɴһˣһûһ˵ͻȻĽˣĽһҵģ֪ʲôôһֱֵֹģղұһԷܵñʲô졣
δ˼Ŀһۣû£ֻҪһʱ䡣
Ҫʱٸʵס
δһ˲ȥҲҪһʱ䡣
Ϊʲôˮ۾
δĶ͸΢Ŀеĳһ㣺û¡
磺ȷˣһģӶ֡
һͬʳãתһȦ˷ţ棬ҪһըȣȻںƶǲԸڳԵίԼδʱδָһƿ̡
ллӹ򿪣ɨ˿ǽĽ̳֣ߡ
Ľʵһʼע⵽ˣţըȣҲδѬͼ嶹ٶԱԼ˿ǷҪûǮڶݣֱˤˡ
ڿͻȻӿһʮûй棬װûĴԱ߹ȥ
ֻھʱЩƤӵһǣһСľ͸δˡ
Ľ
ֵ֮

 30 

ôֳ˿, ǽǮ𣬶ˣʡ
ĽһδһտͲ, ôܳ, Ҳʣˣĩ˵ѧϰƷ, Բš
һ£, ü, ˵ʲô
δͣ, Ľˢĳһ㺹, һ򶨵˵ѧϰƷʲô𣿡
, Ϸֵ˰ɣѧϰƷ˵粻ӵĹЦ
δ˼Ķģ
˵ҾѧϰƷˡĽŬԼ, Цøˣǳסڣǿһδı, ԼǲҪ׳֡
һɱô졣
Ѱʱ, ˸׼Сӿǣ۾һкǳ, Ӵү, 㻹ôʢ
а, ͳЦӯӯĿı
СһЦǰǧ, 鳼ûУֱӾ棬ء
ƽʱʡŵ㻨ãǵôִŵģбһۣԼݿ˳ȥİɣ鳼Ҳ㣬ֻԲġ
ллүˣССӺٺһЦԴ֪ж֮Ͳ˼֮ǰռˡ
˵Ϳˣƫƫ̲סһ䣺ү˵öԣʡŵ㻨֪ôֳˣǾͲǮ䵽ϷϡϴҸʲô
ͻȻһʱûסԼ޹־ֵĿĽСһ𣬰˵עٴתƵĽϡ
Ľ䷺˺죬Ĭһ˲򶨵ûжϷϣ˳ԷǮģֻˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôʲô粻ʡ
ĽԾһδԼתߣûʲô˵ѣ˵꿴Сĥ˰ɣٲȥ涼ˡ
С˵Ȼص棬Ľı飬Ťͷˡ
СһߣĽһͷʼ׷綢Ƭ̣ԼţϵָƬȥ˸ȡĽԥǲǸ˻ȥʱѬ͵
ԭֻ˿ϣ˿Ҳмκ˵ĶҪʢĽһ±ӣͻȻеˡ
ллĽͷ͵ÿҪˣҲƵġ
Ȼһô˼飬ɵӼʱ֪˾ʱİ裬֮ǰҲԶ󿪣Ҳ˭ѸĸĻ¡ˣǸԼĸоϵϤԲǿƼܽ͵Ķ
Ҫǰɣе裬ȻûгģĽһºҲ
ĽͿһüһ˼ƺΪʲô¿գɵһ棬ʵģһԼ˶ֹһˣҪ˵͸ˡ
ôţҲͲˣͷʼཷѧУʳģʵζԣһ㲻ãǾǲʲôҪཷǡϲԣÿζҪ
һһʱԱߵδͻȻڣҪʳ
һ£û˵͸оĽסˣ̧ͷһÿĽ˿ཷ
е㲻ȷδղھ˭ˣգһ۾δ˵˭
δ
Ľ̰Ѽгȥཷּлһһ̿ҩһĳԡĬһ˲ʵڶĶȤ
߲ˣáδ
һΪѣҲϲཷζ֣ĸо
δ˾ԼС˼иֽཷ˻԰ɡ
ллԶԣֻĬĬͷԷ
һĻ۵׵ĽԼ˰ȴûܷŽཷʱҡҲϲཷһ𣿡
û뵽ĽδҪһ֮δֻδƤĽһۣ˵˾䣺С
ĽΪʲôѵװı𣿣
ܾٴӿһֱߵֻϧûãδעƽ飬ҵİʣµķԸɾˡ
ཷ
ĽǵԸĸױཷƻףཷ֮񱻴ͨζͻȻͨһ¨DD
˰裬Ǿζţһ඼ҪԶӵݺദϿ˯ţԸʵֲཷɡ
ԣӻ˲ŻǣϣֻҪϣǾֻͬѧİûʸ
⣬ʼԼ裬ŬӼ£ҲŬδԼ˵Щ֪ǲ̫óˣ裬һνʱ򣬸ദǰôȻˡ
㿴˺ܶࡣ۵
Ľһһֱܺá
֮ǰ˭ɽһҪըһµģЦеģûв˾С˵ŻӶ˸Ǹ
ĽĵĿǣͣһºתƵϣӵ˲䣬糯գһ۾
һ㶼ءĽе㲻ıԹԹͻȻ2042趼41ˣҲûصȥ18ľͱˡ
Ļ̌̾ͷǰʱСĿǰϷŵľӣ⧲δ۾ˡ
ĽôƬֲ
Ϊܵ˾ţڿεʱ䶼൱ʵʼǿյģҲڳһε̬üζӻˡ
ȵμʱȥܣڿεḺ̌ϣ϶ˣҲȥҪ˯һ
аɣҪ𣬸һʡ
Ľԥһ£԰ɡ
OK̳ȥˡ
Ľ̾޿ſϣû˯ţ͸оͷ˫۾ڶšĬĬ̧ͷδһ˲󣬷Լܶ˾ţѾûдӦˡ
𣿡뵽ԼļƻĽʡ
δûлش⣬Ƿһ䣺𣿡
˵ûûУʲôʰѾ֪ǰ£ĽװһͷǺܿݼġ
δƤӣĿпĵĽĺᶯ˶һֱԼ߲Ҫˣͫ׻ǳֵˣеֲסҪʱСͻȻ˽ϴи߶еڸףҪȥ𣿡
ô˸ףһȺ֪ʲôֿɿģСйڣĽڿԷˣһܸܲɵ¶첻оǹעǸģ˼𣿣
СӱһͨҲֻ޹Ŀǣĸ׶ү
Ľһ㶣˭
ңүСһһδ䣬δѾȥ
ĽȥģҴ⣬Ū㣡

 31 

վڳǰĴ, Ҳһ±ƣȥܣͻȻ߶ļһס, ΪƵ, ˵¸ˡ
ʣȻ, һָп, 2019, ƻ˾˰ɡع, ǰȾ˼ë, ̾ллĺ⣬ǲʡ
˽һ, ô֪ʣҾѡЦƦ׵Ļ˵ü죬һûٸ¡
ͬ״һ׼, һ۾ͿλһҲǲѧӵģһ治, ˱·, ұҪˡ֪һڰˮ, ʲô, 鷳ˡ
˵Ҫ, ȴһס㻹ûشأŮ, ҲעܾˣҼƯŮԺ㡣
ԲѺܶ࣬ȱһԱߣһαסˣüͷʱ
ûĲͷЦĿҳһ˿ߵĺۼЩҲ̧ΧֶһȦһԼҪľˡ
Ծ˵ˣǷǷıʾֻǽѣû˼
û˼һֱңûұҪˣ˻ˡȫŮԸͲƽˣˣåʲô
һ£Ȼû뵽ƢôΧΧ۵Ҳ΢΢㶡һ˲۵Цˣ㳤ôɰƢ̫ˣͦģϲ
һȷ˻֮ͻȻõЦղ˵ʲôѣԺң
׾Ľԭף۾ҲƯôһЦΧƺͬʱĻ۾Ȼ㡣
ǣңٵñǿɣ޹۾
ٺһЦǵȻ
˵ͷ¿һȦҵһŮıܵݸ鷳һ¡
ŶŶŮϽסܡ
תصǰͻȻǯסĸ첲һˤˤ˵ϣȴһһϣʲôүҲФģҪҪְ
±Ƶ
Χ۵ĳԹȺڣ
δʱͿˣĬһ˲ǰס֡ȭͷͻȻץһºͷһδվã˵ԼѧУһ״ˣåҲŴģ
δһ˲ô򡣡
һȥԱߵţ㡣
ԹȺڣ򰡣
δɨһΧˣмǸշӦĦȭƵҪ£ʱһǼ˿ıһ£ͻȻеԥҪҪ
ʱĽ˾ͷˣ˭˭׷ҡͬΪ̫Ǿ䡮衯ĳδʱ඼Ҫͣˡ
ѧУӵģȻ֮䶼˵һĽʱ֪ԼǵǵˣŴӵֵܾˡĽ磬ʣǲǿеˣ
Ҷˣôҿˣ粻Ի·
ĽЦһܣ˵ˣȻ飬ǿ϶ǿˡ
ûɢĳԹȺڣ߼˼άţŶ
˰ɣҲϲֵɵԼţٵļһˣ˵ţҪ˱ܣл֮һĽˣе㷳ܶˣøϽԡ
ˮ˻ôԣ򡣡Ľ˵ţüͷܶˡ
簥ûֹôһȭûǮˣ
ǡδ򣡡ĽסĿڡ
ۣƾʲôôôֱ׳
ģĽߺſδӵ˲һ£Աߣǿ£ҪԱܣҪ̣򣡡
˵Ҫòδ
ʱΪ֪ǵĽӦôһ£°ͣǳ߰Ŀڣȥ̣ܺ
磺ţٵ˵˵ĻСûëɡ
绹Ը˱ܣĽδһڽѧ¥Ļ̳ԣѧ¥ס˴󲿷⣬Сһˬĸо
мҪ˰ɣڵĹм찡Ľ
֮ǰôʣĽһᳰЦⶼڣֻһ֡ڼ춼֪Ȼ20ǰġоҧһڱܣش𣺡ʮ졣
һ㶣죿
ʮ죬£ÿѧУĽĽͣ˵˵ſıܵ·ˣʱһͲܳԵøɾ㣿
ʲô˵꣬½ǳԵһǳɣ·ġµļڣҷˣҪȥ档
㣡ѵûи˵ԶҪһ㣬Ҫ·Ū𣿣Ľ
գգ۾˵ѽÿ趼ô˵Ҹ˵ƽʱҲ·ŪģΪϴ·ôӡ
ĽıҪתѧһҪתѧٸӴȥС۶Ҫըˡ
̫Ծʣͱδһ£ɻŤͷôˣ
𣿡δ˵ţһƿ
籾ȵģˣֻźȣͱţʱ˵˻ˡɿİ̺꣬Ҫ˵ֱһĿδ
˵Ժٺڡδ
磺
Ȼʲô˼ĪеһͨԺ˸ãһˡ
ǰεĿΣٵ¿εʱᵽ˼ڵ£һ󻶺ֵȻҪų٣ڼҲиڲǾʱ֪𣿡
֪
̨ͬĻشҲ֪мĵġ
˵żٵ£ᵽ˹᣺30ˣչҪģУҪϴûɵĿѧι϶ΪһһһĿУҼ˼棬ʲôõĵӾͱҡ
̨һƬͣμûʲô˵ˣͬѧ¿ˣμ件һƬ
ˣȥ𣿡²Ľ
ĽһûǮʲô
һ㶣˲عʵŶҲûǮ
˵Ľһ̾Ľͷ֮ڼŰɣʱˣպҲҪļڣһ۸ôԺ͵һϿεıʵ
ĻҲһ㶣뵽һʵ⣺ڼ䣬ѧУ𣿡
ʲôޣôļڣѧУҪÿ˶ûؼҡĽڵ
һȻû뵽Լôͷ

 32 

˵֮ǰΪʮļڸ, ֻʣµˡûǮûңһѧУȥ, ¶޽ͷ, Ҳڶѡ
զ찡
ǳ̾˶δ޵, һ綼üͷȫûƽʱĻþ
ڰ˴̾ʱ, Ľ̲סˣ㵽ôˣ
û, ǲż١ſϿ
Ľв
ڹڷżٵô, Ľ졣
ϰѧ, Ľˣ̵ʰ, Ҫߵʱ򣬰Ѿûˡüߣû㿴վһӰ, һ߹ȥأ
δԻͷĬĵ˵ͷ綢˰Σ̾߰ɡ
˲¥, һͬѧУĴ·, ˭Ҳûп˵һֱţȿڣһȥ, Ҳذɡ
Ϊʲô鲻ãδʡ
һ, ͷҲ鲻, е㷢
ʲôδ׷ʡ
̾żٵ£ʱҪУ, ѧУ
δˣƬ̺󻺻ڣõġ
һ£뵽ʲôʱüЦҪǮ𣿡
衣δشúܸɴࡣ
ϵЦѸٱɥ棬δĬһ˲Ӳıҿչ㡣˵Ż佥
չҵ˼ǰסĵطɵʡ
δĬЩյĶϽǮȴԸڱĵطչң治֪ôġ
Ĳ֪δƽʡ
˵֪ɲ֪ΪΣɫȴʲôҲ˵ˡ
δ򴽣л˵
ͻȻ뵽·ûϴͲˣ˹֪ΪΣܾҪ˵ĻԼµĶתҪܣȴδʱץס˸첲
ĸ첲ϸ.ۣһźһ㱻δסĵ¶ȴʱҲˣ൱ѵļһ䣺¡
˰ɡδĻ
סˣθɰͰ͵Ļͷֻظһ飺Բ𣿡
ɫܺã¹ĽëϣγһƬССӰ۾ܺڣԭ׵ͫףȴȾ¹ֺ
ĿðŲ֪ĵͷǸôͻȻ˵ˣ
Ҳ֡δ
ڨڨһЦͼѸ첲קȻûܳɹֻþƸ˵ɡǲѽټȥҲûʲô˼ֻзֲõѡ񡣡
ʡδִֵĿ
һ£ε̾ú𣿡
δ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣ컹Ǿúøģȥٳɣﲻ˵ĵط
Ȼ˵㣬Ҳȫûˣ˼ҿģԺ˵ˡδ˼Ȼķſ뿪ٳߣѹȴ˺öࡣ
ȵٳҸºڣǰ˵Ŀ⡣
ǰŮѣڲǣ϶ٻǵýġڵ
δһ˲֣Ͳýˡ
ѻ˻ʱĬˡ
ú֮̾ǰֵʱû˵һĻҲûжϲҡ
ˣδĻû
ǳ˳飺𡭡͵ˣڣ̸ȣʵ̫ˣʱ˵ĻҳǴѧȴѧϰȫûйͬ⣬ôء
δĬϢĻ˿ܡ
翴һʱҲָпΪʲôҪϣΪԽɣһʱûйУΨһϵͬûйеˣҶģҲһʲô¾㡣
δĿ΢΢
һ±ӣ׵ģϲ޹أһΡҺܸңģʵûôǸʺѣڵദʽҾ;رã̸ʱĶ࡭
һ仰û˵꣬δҽŲԾĵòʱ׼ܡ
һʱģδڡ
¿ˮ䡢ʵҲûر𲻿ģѹе̲סһ¡
ҵġδһһĿڣԽ˵Խ䡣
ڨڨǡǰ׷ʱҲû뵽
û뵽ʲôδʡ
ɰͰ͵Цһû뵽̸ôĲ𣬡˵ģϽȻرãҵ⣬ҲʶôʵʽرǡҲ̫ʡ
˵˵ţҲЩͷɥĺŬӦˣһȥͼݣΪ㻶ȥˢ⣬ܲѧǰϵĺŬˣǸһÿһ룬رѰ
̸ʼһֱͼ⣬֪ζŶԼôˣʵ֤װһӣȴװһӡһ뵽ҪΪģԵĸе־塣
Ļ˵Щ̧ͷδֻǰĵĻҵȣȴٳٵȲڣûס̧ͷ⧲һֱԼ߶ˡ
򴽣ĿĬĬƮһԡ
ǵԼᣬĥδƽκ
ڨڨҪǸԼ᲻̫һ
û˵δ
Цĸ˵ѧеţٵĴڣܸѾ𽵹ˣĻʲôҲǱšôһ˵ĹϵһʼͲƽȣѹܾѹ޴
һ̾Ϣѻ⣺֮ڵ뷨ǳϲңΪ̫ҪҸģʹ̸Ҳõѡ
ҲҪѡδ
羲һ˲ͷŵѹ̧ͷǡҲˣһʱ䣬ҰʱһǮϣݿݿæĺܸлҲ֪ôҪġ
û˵꣬͸еһᣬ̧ͷͿδԶˡ˵ܣ¥ߡ
һǳ˵ˣ粢ÿģΪʱδİܾܶ࣬ԼжˣоԼǣ˵һֽѵĸоξΡ
֪ôܣһʼͱоץСĳصǰߣ쵽ſʱע⵽δڴվţɵýŲ
ϧߵҲȫġĥ˻ߵδߣĲӲͷƤʣôȥ
δһۣʱһ飬ڨڨһδһ֣ŤͷԱߵС·ȥֻͨһط¥İǽѧıؾ֮·
ɻĿһۣߵſһţѾʱ±ˣٿֻϵʱ䣬պʮ壬ʮء
磺ܺãһպǰ̯ƵûǮŮ˵õĳͷ
ʱŽȥҪֵģѧУץϣ˵Ҫ֡ûжԥδղ߹·ȥˡ
һʱ䣬ͻȻע⵽ǰӰʱһ£û뵽δôˣȻû߳ʮסǡרŵİɣ
һðε뷨ԴǧأͷصĸһǰһĬţȵУʱδһ⳵ԥһûȥѧУԱߵ·ǰߡ
һǷϵţû߶ƳԱһ⳵ţͷƤһĬĬӿ˲Ȼ߶죬⳵ԱߡٶȶӽСˣɳ⳵ȴ겻ɢԱ߿ºڳϵδˡ
ôȴ˵Ҳǰ취罫ĿͶ·ߵС
ϳδ³䵭ڡ
һ˵ͲˣֻͣСĵҲȥˣ߰ɡ
ϳδ΢ء
Ĭһ˲λĬĬ˺⳵һ·ϢĳĬ˸ùݣδ֮ǰһǮȻӭĿѵҡͺá
δһԲ³ˣڳ⳵һӣ˾ߴٵĿ¿³
ȵùʱδѾú˷ԿףһѣԼһ¥綢Կ׿ãĬĬߵ̨Կ׻˻ȥ鷳䷿һ£ϰǮ
㲻סǰ̨ʡ
粻˼ЦЦš
귿תùݣ˸СʮǮһ䣬ֱڰˣȻôãҲ洦ɼͷϵС̺ӣģȴ˵㡣
ѾˣȻδֻһֹϵ㲻Ϊ˱˴˶ãͲйϵˡǵþҷݹһ׬ѣǮδǶ໹һ㣬ܵĲ
ģ˯ȥҲ̤ʵδһѵޱ׷ɱһҹʱ򣬱ǻζϸоˣһʱ䣬ࡣ
ȻῪŻ磬ʵܲˣֱӴЬߡζȰ仹أüͷӿŲ˼Ȼͣסŵתͷĳ˯ˡ
ΪƲҲΪģüͷ΢΢ƺܲ죬ɼҲûӦúˡ
һ£߹ȥָһ¡ᣬδȴڵһʱ۾ѵӲ˯Ź
̧ͷ磬ͣһºվĬĬߡϽ˹ȥʲôʱģ
δ˵
𣿻ǽϽȥѧУʱ򣿡æʡ
δǲ˵
Ĭһ˲Ժ󶼲˵𣿡
δɨһۣû˯õɫѵЩ
򴽣ЩܵĿڣаɣ֪ˣԺ󲻻ٷˡ
˵ҪߣͻȻδסã̧ͷֻǰߣûҪ˼
ûɹɵ̾δҾѾ˵úˡ
δһ
ȻѶˣԺǱʵɣǮһᾡ컹㣬û2019֮ǰǾ͵İ˰ɡ˵꣬ݺİָٿˣԼҲ˺һȦ
ȻһǾͱ־룬ǰºˣĴܷΣɴˡ
δĿΣڵ㲻ܸұ־롣
Ϊʲô翴
δͶ˶ȴû˵һ֡εĿһۣת·ȥ
̫ûıӰԽԽԶۿҪߵĵطȥˣ˵ڵĻҪ뿪ǰ£˵ƺҲǶѵ˨DD
Ľǵĺӡ
һ£ͷ˵ʲô
һ仰˵ʣµľ׶ˣδ󲽳ȥھһԶĵطͣĽǵĺӣδˡ
ֲԾճȭһƽȵıҲһ˿Ȼ֪ʲôʱ䣬ĽĳʱƶϣӦǴѧûбҵʱ򡭡
˵ƺ뵽ʲô佥͸ˣҲȾһ㱡죬Į峺۾ֱˡ
ȸҵһ£ȱ죡Ļֵһں˵ʲô
ûк˵ĽҲֱ֪Ӧôδƽˡ
һ𾪵ĿǽˣĽǵĶӣģ
ţδı黺ʵĶңԸȴСϰҲ࡭
һʲôˣҾôҲ벻ϣ͵˼ǶˣҲܸģ
Ϊܲ˽ĴδһʮζӣŻ֣ҲΪԭ򣬲Ҫ־룬뷨ǳᶨôܻٺ飬ӡ
˵ˣ궼ǣֵˣܾٶһûУ֮ǰĽӣҲΪҴģԺĸŮЩ˵˶Ӷһ
¿ˮص̬ȼᶨЩһᣬĽûԲҶӣ˵ĵطƽʱӴСӴ٣֪ܲвѧֿʵĸԸǲġ
ĸ׽硣
˲졣
׽δûɺϣδʡ
Ŀ
δһ£Ϊʲô41Ҹ㰲˵סޣȴҰ˫˵ģǡúĽһ䣬ûйϵΪʲôһҪôΪѲϲԼ
ͫ׳
δ۾ŵϵӲݣε֪Խܣֵ뷨ٸ㣬ȴû뵽
ȴû뵽ԽԽԶѶţٲڣҪʧȥˡ
㶵Ķһ΢侲ЩҲš
ȥĽܵɫδеĹˣ侲Ŀڡ
綨Ŀã˫ȭãȥĽ
δ΢΢ףҪ˵ʲôѾȥ·һ⳵ȥˣֻܱ˹ȥ
˷ǽѧУʱŸպÿˣߣֱδסǶ¥ߡϻʱ򣬻õܶ໹ֻҴܣŮʱŵþ
ȻйţҲ˼˱ģ¥ȥյһθδҩʱļֱӵſڡ
δ󲽸Ŵˣֱӽȥ˯ĳ˵ıӡ
ĳ˾ʹ˸СĽڣͻȻôһ£һ¾ˣһ໰û˵ڣ˭󣬵·ûȥˣ
ϻ㡣ü
ĽʶղԣĬһ˲ʣʲô£
ɨһδδҰǶӵˡ
û뵽Ҳ֪ˣĽһŵһ˲Ҫ
裿ɲҪϴ˰۾
ֻһ˲䣬ĽѾ˼ٸˡ߱ڱʱͻȻԼǵļƻ
һ֮侲ʣ˵ʲôѽҶ
Ľδ䵭ڡ
Ľһ飬˱õݼװ治ռұ𣿣
ʲô绻˸ʷ
ĽĬһ˲аĿǣҰֽݴ׳й𣿡

 33 

Ľ, ͻȻһƬĬӷת˼ǲӦñһЩͨģʲôӺϺ֮, ־ôֲʺϰ, ׳ѩ֣ŸǼҵʡ
𣿡ԽĬԽĻ, Ľɴ˳ĬδĵĿ, ƹˤˡ
ĽȻѾߵһ;ԲܱǷԼʵݣֻҪһ첻֣ϰ־û취ɶƲã
ϳһ˲Ŀհףֽݴ׳
ǰĽֱ׳
ûƺñ, һŹֵĿΪδĶ, Ͼǳô񡭡
, ҵиԶ֣ʱע⵽δ, ҲΪͬмһǲĶӡĽһʱ±ʮ
Ĭ֮΢侲Щ, ֺĽһۣŵ˵ͷһо˵ͨ, ˵۾δ, Ժ˵ˣҸûн, Ҳûô, 𣿡
δƬ, ƽĿĽֽʲô
ݴ׳Ľ¿ˮ
δûκֽʲô
ݴ׳ĽסߵӣԷԼϡ
δ鶼ûˣֽʲô
ݴ׳ĽŲ, һޱȼǿ
ۿҪѭˣͷ۵ֹǶԻˣʱ䲻ˣһȥϴ軻·ҲϽϴɣٲץʱҪٵˣӢϰӢʦжҲ֪ġ
磡Ľæקס½ǣһĿߡ
Ҳ߻ס𣿡۵һ˿ţ˫ҲԾճȭͷ뿴ľˣ޲һӾͻصԼᡣ
ĽһƲǳ뵱Ӹô̫裬Ҳ̫ױ˼ȥֻ֮ķſ磺ǡ߰ɡ
򷢸ɵ촽תߣҽŸ̤ſڣԴͻȻһ׳£˸ʵʵŵϤĵĲľζһʶҪ·ȴоԼĸ첲סˡ
ƿҴȥδͷ
粻ɫһ侲֮󻺻ԼҲߡ
δĮĿһ˿Ľǿһεǣһ˲󵭵Ҵȥ
磺
ʵ۵û棬ֻߣһֱ¥²Ű·
ˣȥɡ˵ţ·
δһûнӣĽ
ȻأԼ趼ϴ翴һַۣɿתߣˣҲˣºţǼģȻǸӣҲͦõģôҲи˲ǣ
δƬ̣֮ǰ㣬ҪܴԽ£ǵ𣿡
ǵѽȻᱻоץȥС׵ġһĻش
δǴԽĽѾֻ֪ҵݣΪʲôһ㶼й¶
գһ۾ΪԸܺðҾ˵ȥ
ֻδʡ
翴Ȼأ
˶Ƭ̣δ΢΢ף֪ˡ
Ȼȥ˰ᱳʹĶˡ˵תˣܻһԡϴ˸ˮ裬ֺһҹӣһ㡣
δһֱȵıӰʧתᡣ
ߵſʱĽѾϴùˣһ飬Ĵк˰
ݴ׳δĿһۣŲӴ˹ȥ
ĽͷƤһ£Ͻһ̵ˣһֱܵ΢˿λϣĶӣһ˲˰־ԼղݵúֶȡرϰץԼİѱ
ôţ΢ſϴ˹Ƿδûһû˹ܣһСľʹϷ˿賿һ㣬ֱǰѣ˯߲ӡ
һǷ֪˯ˣô󼷵µĶ֪ʱһϰѾһ롣
۾һʱ俴Աߵ磬˫۷ֱĶӢ飬һºôˣ
ţû¡һۣ鷢
Ľӣ˵ʲôӢʦˣıʧˣһ˲䰲
ѱó׼Ĭдʣδм˳ȥĬдӢʦߵ۾ԵøϸھͿʼǱˣһʱô죬һܴģشһʮ顣
˻һ̨µѧǶʱŵĵͷԼǱгȥĬдǸڰĬдôܻ೭һ£͵͵αҪǳȥˣÿ֮һԶֽʲôֱܴ·һ
ӢʦѲһȦʼ˳ȥǰŵĽŲͬŵѧûʲôо֪ӢʦһùǣԲõĻᱻгȥһ·鳭ͺá
ȻӢʦһʮ˵֣ûкŵģҪʱδͻȻһʱŵĿⶼۼ޳ָϣĽ¿ˮ֪һֲԤС
ôˣӢʦȻʶΨһֵѧ˵ʱһ㲻еᡣ
δȥĬд
ðҲȥɡС£ӢʦӦġ
δûжĽҲȥ
ԤгĽҲûϹ˵
ιϴ󰡣һԵĳѹ
δȴûȰһ֮ͲȰˣָֻʦŸ顣
ĽӢʦȵĿĽ
Ľǳ˳飬û˵δ赭дĿ˹Ƥһ˲俴硣粻СĺһۣϽͷŤһԣװʶδһԳҲгȥˡ
Ľ£Ĳţģ
ĽҪȥ𣿡Ӣʦһ飬ͬʱδһλͷ
ĽͲˣһٶʣֻĬдʮҲҪǧٱ飬ܰдɣȻδţҲҾֻܾ޿ĵ˵ͷǵģʦҲҪȥ
±˵Ǻˣ˶˹޷Ǿһֺ壺Ľǲǻˣ
ԸĬдǺ£ӦùҲҪĽѧϰˣڶɡӢʦǳЦȻ鲻
Ľп˵ֻűӺͱĬĬ˳ȥ
δվһ𣬳˲עѹʣ㻹벻úദˣҽг
ֽʲô֣δƽĿ
Ľһ£Ӳתƻ⣺ҳһ¡
ÿ𣿡δʡ
ĽԼٸ˵ҪĹˣվԶ˵㡣
Ľ⣬һĬдʮʣʦҪ󣬴һʮ飬Ľһ2650ʣһ죬λͷд
鳼״ʮֲɵδ鷳δʲô˼ϴˣ
죡ĽͷĿһۡ
鳼һ£ϴڰ
Ҫʵ㡣Ľ˵꣬ߺߵĵͷд
鳼ֻûλδʮֲһĿһе磬оԼЩɣɵú˼ˮװһ޹ء
ĽһֱϰдֶˣŰѷȥһ죬ӶľˣصֻϢ£δͳǰ
ʲôĽıסͷ
δɫƽɨһ¡
ΪʲôҴɨȻеˣĽǹʡ
δ£ǰҴɨġ
Ľ
Ȼݴ׳Ҿûˡδ
Ľˣǳļһ׵ûˡ
˽Ƭ̣Ľɨϵصɨһ˶šȸлʱ仹ʮ㣬ĽѾ첲̧ˣ򵥳ˣûδΪѾ˯졣
һ˯ţᶼˣδĿƬ̣ǰҴҴǣҪֱʱͻȻĽһ㷭Ժ˵˾䣺ְ֣۸ˣҡ
δָһͣԭءĽЩ΢ҵĺɫͷ΢΢
δĽͷ˳ãָĻ絶ƽһüëͦıͣϣס
Ľѣ㵵Ŀʲô
װ˵λδƽĿǿ뷨
Ľôֲƭ׵ûˡ

 34 

Ľ, һΡ
ң㣬Լװ˵λ, 㱻, ҲԼװǵãδĵĲĻԡ
Ľ¿ˮȻ˵ʼװɵҲ֪˵ʲô, ˯ﳳң
˯ɡδ˵, 
Ḻ̌۾, ֱδ뿪ŷ, һκ, Ĳˣֵַһֱ˯ڶϡ
, ÿĬдش⣬δcueһԹԣҲҷ׵, ֻҧֳܸͷͬʱᶨ˾ϵ뷨
ûϣͰԼ, Ҫ, Լܻ
ʱҲʵ࣬һ¿ʱ䲻ſ˯, κ, , ĵһӵϰߣһѧʹܳȥ, κͬ·
Ľ쳣ʱʱе֣ܾһֱڶԼϰ֣ѵǡˣ
һ뵽ֿܣĽͰצģڷżǰһסǲǡ
ʲô絭Ŀ
ĽƬ̣־ò̫ЩҪҪ̽һ¡
ɨδһûʲôµĻҾˣġ˵δ֮ǰˡ
ĽüҵıӰδ֮󲻽ʣڶ㻹Ƕң
ڶݴ׳δ͸ű꣬Ŀ綬ҹ̶Ķӡ
Ľ
ѵõĳĬУδȥ·ϴˡ
ҲϴĽС顣
δ
պرϴ·ҲϺʱˣҪƽʱҲŲϴĽŬԼһ˿ϡ
δȻϲǾϴ
Ľְ֣ҲҪˣ
Ҫȥһˣ˯δ
Ľʱˣ⼸ʱʱͳȥȥˣ
ܺ棿δʡ
Ľ촽ɣڨڨĿڣҾһ£в𣿡
δһ£ûв㡣
֪֪ˣһȥ˰·ûϴأĽװһͷӣŵĨˣصԹȥδջĶ䡣
ȻǸջģһ㵭ĺζûУɾĵڿ˽ˣ治֪·ҲҪϴĽϴ·վ̨˵ǿգοԼϾУˣʱа¿ԶδּΪһú
ڶǼٵһ죬ѧУ͸һɸ꣬ʦҲٽΣֻôԾϰڲѧ˵ڼѾʼˡ
δûϿΣλÿ˳տյġĽüǰÿοûˣֵĵĸо
ҪʣȥˣĽ̲ס
ǳ˳飺ҡҲСİĺɾˣҪʰ
ֻǷˣҰѺ㣬ʡĽ˵꣬ͬʱĬ
֮ĽѵҲʣҡ
Ҳʡϵ
ٴζһۣͬʱ̾ĽԼ쵣ĵ£̽ʣǵδǰ˵Ƕӵ𣿡
һ£ǵð
ôĽ档
˼룬Цˣ̫ˣҲ֪ðԶ˵ˣǶһˣôǶӡ
ǰɣҲôģĽεЦһʣȻ㲻ΪʲôҪ
ҪͻȻð˸˵ԺҪӣ㲻ţ̷ʡ
Ľصһ£ˣ˵е
µķ飬һټ̸ӡ
ȻĽν̸ֻһ¡
˵ţֻݸ
ĽһߵͷŪֻһߺʣȻ㲻Ϊʲô͵ң
ʲôʱ͵ˣ̫˰ɡԱţҲܿ߶ô߹ʲô͵㣬бһֻۣźһڸ˭
䣬Ѿ˷ͣնǡδ
лĽ鲻İֻ
㿪Ϣһȥʲô£ʱסĽĶ䣺ңǲǹ˰
ۡĽ֣ȴֲ̫°ˡ
Цһֻù
Ҳ뵽ҪԼĽ
ּһĽһ߷ߵİֻϽˣһ۲֣ùֻર઴˼ַ͡Ľ౻š÷Ķ䣬һˣôôСۣ
˼һ֪һֻ
ĽһԲ𣬾ǵһ֪㷢ʲô
ԼЦС
Ľбһۣҵֻųһ£ղŲ㷢ġû˵꣬Ϳֻλε֣
ֵ۾˭ģ
˭¡˵Żδͻ˶ŹЩڵĵ㿪Ϳ˵ǳȥʰˡ
ңһ٣е㲻̫ף̧ͷԱߵĽάָղŵƣɵʣʲôˣ
ҵšĽΡΡĿ
üԸ񰡣ҿ˵Ľֻ˹Ȼ֣š
ĬĬֻĽװһ޹ء
һĿ̵ļ鳼ССӲ̽ϴǲƢеã
ֹƢãֱתˣδôǱﵽȥˡ鳼ʮ
Сһòǹ˰ɣ
һ鳼֪Ϊʲôеƣ϶ġ
δһֱѧŻʱͷЩʪһԡĵζӦȻϴ軻·ˡ
ʱ׼ȥԷһ£ͷɿܿˡδͣڰſڲˡû뵽ʱĽһʱܻᣬӲͷƤʱδ
߰ɡδ
Ľ¿ˮȥģ
Էδ˵Ťͷȥ
Ľһ¸Ͻϣûһԡ
ǮԼԣδʡ
ĽûǮҿԻ档
δ׼
Ŷ
һûһ˵ŻʳʱһҴҴԾδͣ½Ų˼ĿıӰԼ¿ڴ¶һƿӡ
ôˣĽɻ
δû¡
˵ˣĽĪĿıӰ֪ʲô
ʳó극ֱӽˡȣȻпյΪ˿ţҲô죬Լˮͺںʶζ̫ԣüͷˮˣϸűӣء
½½˻ĽδʱѾҪˡſϣ˺ǿЦЦһԵķ
šĽԹĿһۡղδļ³һཷҲ֪ǰ˭͡
δüͷ΢㲻
õǿ϶羲˾˵ʵţͷۡ
Ҵȥҽδ˵žҪ
΢΢ҡͷˣӦûʲô¡
㿴ûµӡĽüͷʡ
翴һۣСЩɰûסЦһû¡
Ľ̫ģҪȥһҽҰɣ
ã˵꣬ͬɫĬһ˲ڸҪһ¡
ʲô£Ľɻ
һͷûôغ󣬲ŴͳԼղźȹˮ
ͷ۳ǱμˣȰһȥ˼٣μɫʵڲãֱ׼ļ
ȫѧøϵʱһ˻ߣǸ죬һǶ·ƶţ·ҲԵñƽʱںܶࡣ
ŲЩ鸡ڿɿطΧڣֻٶȱƽʱ˺ܶࡣƽʱ̫һ˿̵·һ˶ûУ紵Ҷ죬ǰߣźԼǶ¥ߡ
֪ǲǴƺнŲһŤͷһŮŮɪһ£ۿСʣҶ¥ˣϵһ˲ȥܰ𣿡
ƽĿƬ̣ͷҪȥʱҲ̫ܰﲻ㡣
ҰɣˣһĲУǡĸµ¥Աߣһ㶼ԶŮ˵ţᶼ
ͷ۵֢״𽥼ᣬĬƬ̣ջǴӦˡŮлһͬ¥ߣߵûŮ翴ۿŵŮºģûµġ
Ůһ£ͷӦһ
¥ѧУΪ˸տз㣬רڳרҵεĵط󲿷ʱ䶼ǹرյ״̬Ϊ¥ƣԺԸߣȻһֱ֪طҲȷʵǵһ
ǰһƬĴ¥üû𣿡
ѧУҲ֪ģƽʱѧ¥ѧûþͻֱӶϵ磬˵ˣҾΪºڲŲҽȥҲ˰æŮС
˵ͷ߰ɡ˵Ż͸һһ¥ߡ
ȷʵܺڣߵſڵʱֻţǿ·֪ʲôʱŮѾſ˷֣ȵߵ·мʱŮ͵һ£ȻĿܣӦ֮ǰŴˡ
ΪӻģһӱŮƵˣڵƽֻ̹ˤһ£ûоۣеĲ
ڵʱǰһ˫ţһ£ֵֻͲĵƹ̧ͷһЩϤ
˭벻
þò𣿡ԷЦ
һ˵ˣ˲ⲻǸտѧǻǸСåʱΪſ̲ѵˣϵĳġ
綨Ŀ컺ʣˮŶ㣿
ζ𣿱£ҩеܣ۵ģԷһϵĶҪһһ㣬Ҫ̫ˣȥҽԺô죬һô㣿
Բû¶ŵı飬ǳһֱҵˣ㣿
Ȼˣÿÿҹ㣬޲쿴㣬˭ãˣĻ
һϧĶȥһȴһƴˡҲ⣬ֻǶͣĿһֶġ
Ҿ㽻ѣ㾹Ȼôݣ˺þòŻָǰ£һ˿⣬뵽ʲôЦұ뱨ģ˸㲻̵ļһôôأȻܷһұôá
ȻԵëǮǵҲ㡣
ô㣬ԽţҾԽɰԽǰޣڡѾûˣ¶һֿ̬ȵ
Ŀô
˵һôأٺŴ֣һ͵ӡ
һ£Ͳ챨
ģʱһļƬҪ˶ĻҲ⡣˵ţ˹ȥ͵Աһͣºһϡ
۵ƺһŤҪǰʱͻȻſڴһ죬㵵ŤͷͿδĽڿţղŰƵŮ˿ɪɪվ档
𾪵Ŀ磺ǹϹ
Ǻ®ɽĿѣ˵һǶû뵽㣬
衭˵һ룬Ϳˣɫһ¥ܣۼֿץסĶ䣬ק
ȻԼڻҩûȥקקˣȴΪûһϵڵϣڵϿһ£Կһʹ͸оʲôҲ˱ˤڵϵʱһˮˤ˳
Ľδͬʱ˹ĽһȭڻϵʱδѾס硣ĽһŰˮ˳ȥŻ￴磬һѪʱʧʹ裡
ˤһ·˵磺

 35 

Ľһɤ, Χһ˲˳һ㣬ֻһ۾ͿϵѪǱ, ȻŲ, ûˡ
ⶳСӿŵⴵ, һк񶼻һĽ˵ע£ûиĽͣ衢ѽıôѪˣ
磺ݵøһ㡣
𣿡δ΢ͷ, ˵Ѿָıӡ
һ, æû, , ࡭
ͷû⣬ӦֻǰëϸѪܿˡδ۵׷, ˱ĽڽµĻһۺ󣬴Ӷͳһֽһһİá
籾Լδ˱˪۾Ӻ, ǹԹԵĲˡ˿̵δ뱧ţϰţЩܹͷΪֻмֻ, ǳİ, δҪüܿ壬δڰʱ, ÿҪȥ
ĿŽߵ, , Ծҧס촽Ҵȡδһ, 
ղܿƵֵķչʱѾõĽĿڣЩºһ䣬ڿһѪ
͵ѣϽƿδվΪֲˤδٴηס
δĿĽһۣʲôû˵ѾˡĽ뵽Լղѿڶĳƺ߷ߵһڻϣʱҽһ
õʲôҩδЯű˪
۵úʱֿЦһ£¶˷Ƶݣ֪ȷߣֻҪңҾ͸ǡ
ĽһţϵЦ̱Ť
һҧǿˣҩֻ֪Ҫǽ⿪ˣСɵӡ
ղŲǻ˵ֻеܣûӰ𣿡ü
˵仰ĽԸоµĻһһţ˵ʱ˻ѣòͷˣ
۵ñ鶼ˣſŮɵվţɵŭ𣺡վŸʲôĸȥˣ
Ů۵һ˿־壬æ˵ͷҪߡ
ʱˣԺ͵ñһӣѡ
Ů͵ؽס
ҲĸԸģ£Ҳܰﵽ㣬ŮվԶı飬ֻܶڣȻҲߣʱѧУ쵼һؾͻ֪˭Ҵ˭ţʱͻﹴ£ǲ˵ȫҲ֪
˵һ£¥ϵ磬Ҳֹ֤ͣû¥棬еģѧУֵط㲻ֻ¥ڲмذɣ
ŮӰ˻ΣĹ˵ϣŰ󣺡Բ𡢶ԲǲҪ˵ȥ
ǸʲôϽȥˣиƨ£۾ˣɱˣƬϡ
û˵꣬ŮһĽʲôһŲϣﰧһ˵ˡ
Ƭü
ҵƬвҡŮſڣŨľԲ𡭡Ҳôֻȥˡ
ڳˣɫʱЩˣô룬Ҳû뵽ѧУָɾĵطȻᷢ¡
ܳүղǲҲôĽûǣһֻץŻӣһֻȭһȭһȭ˿ͣ¡
ҽУֱ³ŴѪĭ̱ڵϲˡĽٴȴδסˡ
㺦衭ͬĽŭŻͷ춼ˣһʱȴδ侲۾ˡ
δĿĹˡ
ĽƬ̣߷ߵվֱ壬°ѻڽ¡
ΪŮҲӦˣĽ˵ʱûֹ֮ſڣĽֻҡ
仰һ˵Ľֺݺݴһ٣ָƽŰֻݸ硣ᣬֱӾͿһרŵķ࣬һȫŮ..Ƭ
ɵ٣ܰ㣿ӲֹֻУҲУҵ𣿣ﱻڵϣһ˵
ŮصĿޣڵϲ
üˣȥ
ܱ˵ȥŮſڡ
һǾôˣ
ŮҵҡҡͷȴҲֻҡͷȻҲҲõİ취ʶĿδ
ûãƬڣѾǼǰˣʱû֤ݣڱҲУܱҧһڣδ䣬˵꿴ſڵŮһۣ˵뱨һʼͱˡ
δô˵ˣҲûô죬û취ˣ
һѪˮĿǣǽɱӣһҪŪ.ҵҪ˭ץ
ĽĿ˵ʲôϻ
˵öԣڵѾϣҪҲͽ⣬ǵȷ֮֡δ
Ľһ£Ȼû뵽
ĿǣѪĿˮ˳Ҳǲܺͽ⣬ֻҪ˯һ
û˵꣬ͱݺһţֱ˳Ź⻬ĵذ廬ȥЩ̱ڵ϶ˡĽĿδȻû뵽ȻԼݣҲ⣬Ͼһμ¡
δվ侲ĿſڵŮһۣҿ԰ҪԽԶܡ
ŮĿ͵ص˵ͷ
ͻȻЩģʲô
µֻɱδƽڣҪֻǽһѧô򵥵¡
ȻڳˣȴĻˡ
δɵİţһ¼װµܣ쾯ѯǾͰƵϣΪ˱Ľָϣһɱ֮ʬ塭
ȵһ£ϽĿɿڴʣ𣿣
û裬򵥵Ĵʽδ
ô
Ľ¿ˮҧҧУҲͬ⣬ҴˣҸ𡣡
׻һδ
ĽһӾͲҪˣ
δĬһ˲ᣬֻʱͣһ롣
һ£˼ˣ뿪ʱһôʲô޷סǣȻص19꣬ǻͨĸδκӰ졣ǨDD
ҲУҲôֹ
δ򵥵Ľ취˵һ£Ҫǵĺӡ
סһɬļ
Ľ۾һ죺֡
δ¡
֣Ľȥסδһ˲ֻʶﵽգĺ󱳡
ϵĻһõӣɵÿʼĻţ㡢ǲɱңϻкܶƬɱңƬǸŮ˵±Ӿͻˡ˶˵Ǹdang.˶ȥ
仰Ůײײܹǰ󣺡㣬㣡Ұಡ֪㡭
˼ĿһۻŮļ򣺡Ұ취
ŮĿղһ侲֪ĺһϣվĿƶ
ڻͷ߶£ЦҲ̲סЦһdang.裬ôӦǴͬİɣŮӱ˺һΪ٣ŮӱƬһһĲ죬ӦúŷЩɣ
ѵ𣿶ǵĴûϵ˵ţֿʼЦ
絭ķֻ罻˺ϸֺѷණֽŮ˵һ۵ĸ߸ϵ̬ſžЦˡ
ЦʲôﾯĿ
ɨһۣŤͷĽԼ£һͷڲδţǳ˳飬ֻÿԱߵŮܰȥ㶫𣿡
ã˵ŮȻ֪ҪʲôǺԥĴӦˡ
Цеĸ˵ֱ֣ܳȥˡĽڴδˣɻĿ裬Ҫѽʲô
˭裬ҽС羯ĵһۡ
Ľյľһ£е㲻˵ˡŮܿһƿ500ķѽܻˣİѶݸ硣
ĵлĽ̲סһ飺Ҫʲô
֮֮˵꣬𴽽ǡ
ĽӲ⣬糯˹ָ˵˼仰һĵĿ磺취ࡣ
Ͻģδɱ˰һۡ
ĽֻòԸĶȥ⻵ˡ𾪣Ҫʲô
ϻΪ㰡Ľͷ
ܣȴ˻ȥ²Ա߿ȴͻȻס۾ʲôҲˡ
ι粻
ŵ˻ࡣ
δ˵꣬һ۾һַסĸ첲һֱ˴¥棬ɿ֡
ŮҲںˣ·СĵĿ磺ΪʲôҪǵ·ѷѽڡƨ.guϣ
ղŶˣ۾һ
Ůӵĵ˵ͷ
ЦȻۣͬƬܿǾͬķʽ£ô谵Ļ˭֪ǷѽǱµѪЩƬڣ˵ˡ
ó裬Ϊ֪ǶĵԵԼͷϵʱҲ˸־塢ġΪѵ棬вŮҲΪ±һֻܴ̣ʱʱµµһ졣
ֻǿϧˣĴվ̫С̾ǾˣùؽŶԡ
бӦġδ۵Ǳ˿
˵ͷվ˵һĽһӶĴˣһǾͿʼ£Ժң
ˣСӼҼҵģɵôˣĿһۡ
ĽߺһֻϽƬŪߣҪɾ̫ˡ
ҿĵôµҪ㿪ֻȴƾնˣӦʱѾδװ˶
磺
߰ɣᡣδƽ
ǳ˳飬ŮֻЩƬѾȫɾˣԺв㣬ƬвҲô
áŮŵӦһȦһκˡ
̾밲ο䣬־Լûתȥû߶Զ첲ͱһһҵĲסˡһߵĽֿһұߵδ򴽺û˵
Ϊỹû·ɰţ¥HºԶˣֻʣһɢƽ
ߵ¥ǰһŷſ
ȥϢ˰ŤͷԶ˵
δף˽ҡ
áӦ
Ľһ±ӣǣ
磺£л˵
δߴӶɨĬһ˲󻺻Ǹġ˵ˡ
΢ЦĿ뿪ıӰһʧϵЦ˲ûˡ
裬¸ʲôĽе㲻
۾̧־᣺ʲô裡ҽ裡裡װôˣһȫˣ㻹裬вˡ
Ľֱӱˣӳɽ֮ǰץס˹ؼϢʲôװôˣѵ֪ˣ

 36 

費ˣ費ˣִһ¡
ĽϽץס, һ𾪵ʣ֪ˣ
ϻͣ֡
Ľû¹ʲʲôʱ֪ģ
˵ֽݴ׳ʱ򣬡бһۣƶ, ͸Ӧò, ôܻȡݴ׳֣
ôܣر𰡣Ľ
üͷرƨ
˵꣬ΧͻȻ, Ľһַۣɿı, ظ֮, 佥
һ, ЩɵĿڣں𣿡
ҲûСĽһ, ˵ȴøˡ
úõգôһͻȻЩ, 翴۵Ĺ⣬Ҳʼ΢һСˣ㡢㿴ʲô
衭Ľһ
磺
ĽһŤı飬ʱˢһº, ߳ŭʲô˼㻹ûأҶԸ㣬㲻ø˱һ𣿣
лл, Ҳʮ, ܵ¾ǣ֣ûôӡ
Ľһ, ˲䱩ˣ㲻˵Լѧ̸𣿣ΪʲôھѾǣ, ǰ˵Щǲƭҵģ
类ʵ, Ĭһ˲һƭʲôǲԵģҪȵѧ̸
ΪʲôǣˣĽҧŲš
һ׶԰ʱûŮǣ裿
Ľһ, һ䣺׶԰£ΪʲôҪǵã
ŶбһۣûµĻȥɣҵûȥ˯ˡ
Ľ죬û˵żסɻĿ£
㻹ûӦҡĽװͷʵ䶼ʼˡ
粻⣺Ӧʲô
ҽˣûʲôʾĽ۾Ĺ⡣
羲Ƭ̣۾ûǮҪ
ҲҪֵĽˣ㲻ҪҵʲôѪҿ׶ӣ
Ӧõǿ죬֮ǰҵãھҵˡԶԡ
Ľֱ׳㱾裬ʲôӦģ˵ͣһ£ϸİһ飬ٺһЦֻǱ֮ǰ˵㣬Ư˵㣬ûʲô仯
һ֪ǴԽģһһʱܲ³ǵݣϾǰְҲûҲãûʲô仯
ĻʱЩţô41Һ𣿡
ôᣬƯģ㿴Ľ˵ţʹֻϵᣬָЩϷͼϷɿĻܿ컬һһڵĺա
ƬϣĽֻǰվţδɳϣЦĸ첲һ˿гҸƬϵĽûвӦյģƬе˳Щʵʮûж𣬵δȻӢͦɣƺĥһЩϵ⣬һºͣڿͷʱ۵׻ǳЦ⡣
ͻȻֱһһӣܵһĳĿⲻɵͣ41Լϡÿڿ΢Щ۾鶯õģ˵ЩӦúܺðɡ
ԣҵ±꿪𣿡̲סʡڵһ㶼ΪʲôԼδ飬һǸر𱯲ҵĹ£ֻ㿪ĵġ
ĽİֻջȥǸеģʲô±ꡭҺܺ棬Ϊʲôѧϰô֮ȴܿϴѧ
֪һŹֵĿλȻ֪ˣ
ʲôĽ档
һ˷ܣ϶ҴԽ֮ҵ2020ĸ߿⣬Ѵ𰸱ִ֮ȥģԲܿôá
Ľ
Уòϵʿ˰ɣѵҲʿҲǳģɻ
Ľһ𾪣ڸЦ𣿡
ڸЦЦбһ۵ѧϰԲãƷܲУѧܹô濿ȥˣǾͻһΪϲȥ˼ѧϰʲôƾʲôռ
˵꣬뵽Ӣʦ̲һ䣺ƽʱĬдʲô׻ǿԵģҿɲ뷣
Ľ㶣˼Цһ㶼û䡣1841꣬ʮûıʲôһֱô⡣
˵ú˽һ翴ԽԽŤ
ǰֻ촽ϤУ֪˵ĹϵףѹֻϤΪ
Ľ°ͿģȻ˽㡣
𶯲˵ģһûءģͻȻðӣСеܲˡ
ĽĿܣʱһ˵Ŀʲô˼㲻ң
ȱģһ£˵ţԱ߻̳ǰ£ϸ֮ôϰҵĴڣΪʮҡһֱ㣬ʮҲһڵûоСӡӵһϵе£ûҲģ˵Բ
Ľ
ǣ鲻ԣ̲һ䣬41϶ܰ㣬ǳ㣬ֻǾҸ˶ԡҸһô㵱谡
άϵʵʱ򶼲ѪԵģǻ֮以İԼջ۵飬ռĲ̫СС
˵ί񣬵Ľѹˣһ±ӵͳȻңҶ˵Ǹп޵ͬ
ôѺأһΡ
Ľ۾һ仰Ҳ˵
ͻȻеˣص룬ԼʮͻȻҲǳİɡԽԽζ̾ڴԺ˵裬Ȼǻ㵱񾭲ġ
Ľ۾һ
룺˽ҲУȻʵеĻҲԣǲҪˣ֪𣿡
ţĽĵ˵ͷ
翴⸱еЦô𣿡
ȻˣĽ˵ţûסЦһֱס裬Һ㡣
ӲıţͻȻЩͬղŵδˣӦָ̧Ĺͷࡣ
˰죬Ľûзֵ˼ֻεĿڣ˰һ˼ҷ֣ٸץˣ
ץʲôĵľ籾ĽӦøϽɿ֣ĿһΧȷû˺һǣ裬Ȼȥ˰
һ¡ס
Ľͣʲô£
綢˰Σÿڣ֮ҧ˱ǵĹϵ֪𣿡
òָֻͨɣɲΪδķ޹ϵδţȻ֪20ԼΪʲô޸δڵǲ̫ǣġ
ǣΨһʽҧ˲ιϵ
Ľһ£ɡǣҶ˺üΰˣܵ
ֻҪƤûʲôԵģһᶨҪ˻ʲôҪҸ𣿡
һ뵽ǰܵĥĽһᶨҡҡͷ
̾ĳļ򣺡֪ⳡսܵѹҴö࣬ΪǡĸӶ˵ҸڱȻܳϺĹϵ
֪裬ģҲʧġĽһ档
صĵ˵ͷãȥɡ
ţʤϢĽص˵꣬תˡ
صʱδѾʰˣƽʣǵĹϵ𣿡
ĽĬһ˲һĿ˭
δĽ
ţĽһ顣
Ƿʰˣδı˵ֲĸ֡
Ľһ˲ĵЦһŶԭҵİְѽ

 37 

һѱĽ˿߳, ֻûQδǰڵϷϥǣһĴְ, ȻܶʱƬ, ƬȫӦǵֵǰһֱʱûҺÿ, Ǵˡ
֪ˣδΪĲ·
Ľȿһ, ϰ־Ͳ˼ٸƽ֮ǰ, û뵽ϰֻǸϰ, ֻʮ, ҲǺúŪġ
Ƭ̣ͻȻסδ½, ߺøһʱͻȻϰֳǰҵöĳܽܰ˵ڶͱ˺ߺߡ
˭ѧģδһ˿
Ľͣ, һϵ裬һôĻͲˡ
ҪǷЧ, Ϊһ, ôɥĶϰȡղ꽿ŷ֣ϰֵȫӰķ, ϰ־ʮ, Ҳܺó
Ŷδʵʱ, ʵѾµˣĽ׿ڳ, ΢΢졣
Ľֻһ֣̲ס׷ʣ֣㲻˰ɣ
šδӦһ
Ḻ̌ʾͺãԺ˰
δɨһۣȥϴ
áĽȥϴˣϴʱδѾ˴ϡ
ûϵʱѾҰҹϷˣڹϵѾȻңԴͷ͹Թ԰ѵƹˣڴϵ˯
ڰСʱǰͻȻһ꣬˽Խ˿յ˴ͨ硣
ķ紵΢ĸо˸о⡣Ľķ˸ϴһ㱡Ŀյ˶ġ
Һ硭Щϵ𣿡ڰУδ
Ľšһ˸ǷڵرãӰ룬һʼΪ˽ӵʱرȡ
㻹Ǻܿˡδۡ
ĽٺһЦҪΪаȫаɣ֪費ֿ֪Ƕҵİı䣬Լ˽ӣҲҵļͥҵĸĸ
ȫкѵã㱻úܺáδ
ĽһڿԼ
δĿ컨壬΢Ըңĸúá
ҲܺáĽеˣ
δ˵ˣһ˰ʲô֪˶ãĽȵĺű۾˯ȥ
վʮһڵĵһˣѧУ涨һ֮УɣԴ󲿷˶˯ȻѣƵʰ׼뿪
ƽʱĽͲи˯ʱ䣬һż٣ˣһŹŷң·ˣ׼ûؼҡ
ЬǵҲȥδѡ
ĽŶһļ˫ЬҲˣܿװһӶʰãͷһδûɵú棺ôʰ
δֻڸ緢ţʰһ¸ؼңֻ򵥵Ļشһ䡣
Ľ̲ס죺еطס𣿡
ţ˷ӡ
ʲôʱ򣿡һֱ
ǰʱˣϴǳȥöδ˵ͣһ£̧ͷһ
ĽһûѧУ£һĻʱˣΪʲôҪȥ
ΪҲᵽңδҸеڲǰ͸֧δɷǳ򵥡
Ľ̵ǾͲҪסһ˰סķӣһҼҡ
Сδܾ
ĽΪʲô
һ˸סһ𡣡
Ľ͸֧ԼδҪһһ˵⻰Ͳì
δҲʶˣĬһ˲ʹİȨ֣ҵġ
ҲĽѿϲԼңסķӡ
ЦûǮȥѾܲˣڼûûҹĴϷֲһ£ϰԼؼˣôûûҹο˵м鳼Ϸϰһôҡ
δԸ⣬Ҫ˵ֻһٿĶŷˣȻֻ֣͸˾֣ΪʲôҪһס
ţһĸӵķӦһ
δĬƬֱ̣Ӹ˹ȥԷƺ֪϶ֻֻһͱҶˡδޱļ򣬶ԷңظκδޱĸٹҶϣҾȥ㡣
˵ûã˹δ΢ֻһͽͨˣΪʲôס
ǡǸܸлĺ⣬ҪʲôɣѾеطסˡɰͰ͵Ŀڡ
δһ£
¿ˮҸɶԸ죬Сùݡ
У̫ҡδܾ
ڨڨû£ҵ֣ﶼǰȫġ
㲻סҿȥסƵ꣬סδ
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ȥסɲ鷳ңδĻҲһҹڰˡ
סˡȻɿϢµԼˣû뵽Ȼſһҹ©һģܾĻҲ˵ˡ
ֻ˵˶ĬˣǵĶĻְֻͨжϷʲôʱƤп˼ʱߣûطסǸһɡ
ԶԶԣȥĽסɣͦõġĽӻͲﴫ̴ӦˡĲ˵ٸĽദЩ
ô˵δĬһ˲Һã
Ľϰ֣ôݵĻڻûתأԶı
δƺҲʶ粻ܸԼؼˣǰûǵѹЭˣֻߵʱ˱˪һ㣬Ľɪɪ
Ȼ֪ϰֲģĽҲǿûдӦһסһ˺٣ηżٵʱ䳤ŹѷĻᡣȻҪؼңԼڼʱô費
˲ߵ¥ʱѾ˫ˣǺε֡
ĽϽСܵߣѧӶδ֣ټ
ǡδƽ
ã
Լ߾У
ʶ̫ͬĽһЦ˵Ļ͸ϽˡܳԶĽ̲סͷһۣδվڴſڣ˿߿һ㡭
裬ôǲǲ̫ãĽδʣԽԽˡ
粻ڵıǡƽʱпˣȥ
ŶáĽ̲ˣһУſڴ˸⳵ֱﱼȥ
Ҫȥ23Լļˣ粢ûоö༤ʵڶûʲôУһĽģ׽һж˵̫йϵ
Ȼ·һֱ浽˼Щˣ23ôǮ𣿾Ȼƽסˣ
ðɣ֮ǰۼסǱѧУ̫ԶͰˡĽһžͰһӣְĿء
ûж
һ£ְ˰ûɻ󣺡ͣ𣿡
ӦðеģȥˮĽ˵Сȥ˳ˮͷ֮ˮҲͣˣɵͷ۵˳ͣˮͣ硣
ҵ绰ʡ顣
ĽӦһ绰˹ȥҵ˵󣬶Էܿ˽DD
ŶAʮĲδĶѽãҵСţǰǴ绰˵Ӿ¿ʼͣˮͣ磬ɻ֮ͨˮ硣
Ľ
磺
ˣҸ仰ҵ˵
Ľʣʲô
λֿԹ
Ľ
磺

 38 

Ŀ, Ľһռһɳ˫۷ֱĿŶԷشⲻյÿʮ, Ȼȴղ˺ڰ
˿̾ҵҵ绰, Ѿȥ˰СʱڼĽͼ򿪼ĵ, ȴһֱûܳɹ
˳ĬĶӣӶԷп, λĽס, һɳŭ̫, Ȼ׶Ӷƣûԣ
Ҷ֪˵ʲô, ֻԲ41˻ǵø18Լ, Բõɲ¶
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ҪȥңҿɲҡһŤȻʵѾ˦, ǾδδǷޱħãû֮ǰһҲ
Ľ˵ͷ, ǲȥ, ֪й, ô, ֻʵ䷴
һͦе, ʾͬû׿ԭ, ˵ĲЭԺøַʽвǣʱûӹˡ
ãȥסƵꡣĽ׼ȥҼ·š
æססƵꣿǮ𣿡
Ľһ㶣ûǮ𣿡
Ǯ˰ھʣٳԷһ޹
Ľ۾û꣬ǻСһǧ𣿡
ýˣֻ·㳤䶼ûУһ䣬ֻȫһ飬Խ˵ԽԼҶû˵һӺһ£ϴĶûС
ܳôôĽˣ˵·ڵ·ɹˣְְøһ
ЩûõģȲ˵41ͬ⣬·ǲǲ̫ã18Ĵ41·ԣ㲻𣿡бһۣ˵ͻȻһ뷨δܰѴԽ¼20꣬41˻18ԼǲҲһ
Ľһ£˼۾һпܰ
˸ָڿתһȦĿ˲輸µĳϣָųһڿʼţ20ԼǮ41ûôӦǮ
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ãĽܵǰϢ֣ص룬һʱϵڴ˸߷DD
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ĸʱסˡ
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Ҳһ
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ҲԣҾҸ͵ļ.ְɣ׬Ǯ۾һ
УĽҲľܾˣ㲻׼Ѿʹˣʱҷһ롣
ôУ㱾ôǮ컹ҪȥסƵ꣬һܳŵڹ꣬ʧЦԼðɣôôպϡ
ĽôˣƽʱһǮѧУʳõĻһǧԹã˾ˣ׾ݲȥҲȥЩ๤ҪʵڵǮ㣬ȥ.ְ
ǰôûôأü
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ţ
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Ҵ˰Ľ֣ص
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Եȣѯһ¡Ů˵꣬Ǳߴ˵Լ̵һӺãѯѾδ·ݵʱ򣬾Ѿֹͣ204210תĿ
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ΪʲôҪôңĽ
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ҵˣĽü
бһۣɡܸͳһӪϺδһڹϵڿΪһ㳵Ѿ͸δʼˣ֪Լ붼ˡ
ֹ꣬ͻȻоһᣬӦʱδѾ˫ȡˡæԼͺá
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ôԵԴ粻֪ΪЩȡ
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ţĽһ㶡
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ĿȻûĽҴ󣬿ɸҲΪδסûʲôԵú䡣
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ס
ǡ
ΪʲôҪһ˯ͺˡܺһ˵꣬õĴ̲֨ˡ
εҪط죬˵ʲôתĻʱδޱĶܺӽͣȸбҵԸˣһ˯
ĽȻԣҶԺˣǶǺúӣúӲġ
죡糹ըˡ
δһ˲ҵķֻ䣬һǹģһԣҺĽԹã㲻С
㶣Ӧ˹ȥδʶԱŲһİһߣоһʱҲһ޴Ĺ
ĸĬӣΣδʣʶô꣬мұϰ𣿡
ðɣûԱ¹֡Ľ
δļ΢΢ɣϴһ£Ͻ˯ɡ
صҺöĤۣδǾ䡮Ը˾һ˯ԴδԺȻǵһöûУʼĻ˵仰ʱĶ̬

ȥԼҪˣǿϵȶȣһû·ԡҳ˸ƫ衣
һϴ꣬ϵȶ㽵ȥˣȴͷʰãѾĵˡ
СʱˣڴϣȴôҲ˯šȥʵһⶼûУ̾ˡ
תһȦʵˣֻȥƺһͷɳϵδһ
ҡδ
粻ڵĵ˵ͷط䣬־ԼѵƶˣֱߵĻе㲻̫ʡԥһڨڨڣôȥ˯
˯šδ
һ£Ϊʲô
δɫ֪
򴽣Ա£̾Ҳ˯š
δĬãŴڣΪҡ
ţ翴
ұƵ̫ѹδƽĵ˯ŵԭ
ЩΣһ㣬ûϾҲΪҺã⡭
ٸһλᣬһǻôδӣҹ׵Ĵ󺣡
磺
̫״߿ţδ˵һ£ֶһܴĽڣҲŷġ
죬ôҸĽһ𡭡أ
ǡδϡ
۾ôǣڲҵļ໤Ծӣʲô𣿡
δ˾𡣡
ģü˽ʼͰԼ˼໤˵λãѹһֱ˲ƽȡ
δʵðþãΪشʱ򣬲ŻһֻǱ
磺

 39 

δ˵仰, ٴΰһ𾪵ĿհһƬ
δĬĺӣκ֪ʣŵˣ
ǡ㻹۾, ʲôʱ£
δһ, ûҪǻشˣһĵһ졣
һһҡʧ, ͻȻһŭޣ
δ
һ۶ܵ, һ´ɳ, תתȥ, δĿ, ʼձֱͦˡ
ˣߵôԶ뷨, ôܻô뷨
ӳԴԡδһȴĺˡ
Ȼ۾
δĬһ˲ֻϰƻû˼, 죬û̫㡭
ȵһ£˼, һʱ, Ѿ뵽ҪҽӹˣϽֹĻܵųò, ͼԻ·
δ˳, ˵һ, ڵʱƶϣ㻳ĽʱӦûûҵ, Ҳ֪⡣
⣬С׹ػһûס
ȣס
߰ЩһŹֵĿګګɳϣǲüͷΪʲô˳򣿡
δһ٣ƽĿ
ͼͣһ˳ѵܷ֣¶һֱһϵģĶʵģٿǽ£ڲż갡̸£ô̸һأ
ȻڵʵҲȷʵˣ˵˭ұ֤Լܸһ飿
ҽΪ˽飿δĻ񽥽ûȫ׼֮ǰóȻܺҽܹϵһֲı֡
ǳ˳飺ûôࡣʱǾúܺ⣬ڿʱ̲סĶԾ׷ˣ˭֪ԸôʣûȸԾ죬Ϳʼ˱Ľճ
˵ˣôмСƨ̸һ뵽ʮ֮°û뵽ƻôͲˣ
һ䣬δͳĬˣΧĿҲΪɢĺᣬ¿ˮԥҪҪݡ
һƬУδڣ
ôˣڽڼǶ㲻ûǳˣ粻˹ȥһصĳӣҲȥչˣʱ򶼺޲ðѷιˣǶʱһǳְŮѡ
Ȼδ飬ΪԼ֮󣬻Ŀһۣ
磺ޣթƭ˵Ǹ̸ֻǸѧϰֶûǣ£׶û׹ǸԼ˸ѣʵ˸ҽ̼໤ˣ
ԼԹ˵󣬶ʱ˶泩ˡ
δ΢ֵɣ
ֹкöɣЩҪģҴ˲С˹һʶҲ˵û˯ãѾʧأǳŵĿ
δĬĿΣڣˡ
㶮ʲôˣһ·ʡ
δ촽΢򣬰ߵǰðһʺţ°͸ĽԼĴӡĴϡ
¡DD
Ժ·ըһ.žǳǧѤ̻ͬʱըֻ̻̫࣬ܽԺըսֳһ㣬˺¡¡ô۵İ׹⡣
Ǻܵһǣڴ봽Ӵӣδſһƺ͸һ˿⣬ϸֺƽʱûʲô
һ͵Ŀ̻ûˣֻʣһƬըķ档
Ҫѭ˫Ըδ壬ʮ侲ƫСûиͷŹѶţҾٵȵȲűȽϺʣû뵽⡣
Ҫô侲ʲôګګʡδʲôʱһ侲ûбһֱĶΪʲôʱʱ죬ԴӿĽʲôӣδĶ֮Ի죬ȫΪˡ
Ȼ仰δĶˣһ˲绳ٺȥëϸѪܻը
ȻδδĶ䣬ͬһֶδĶȻը˻һƽӣԺ㣬һֱǣ֡
õһѣעִĶתƵղǸˣһβܿƵȶȡ
δĬһ˲㲻ϲ
˲ըëҲŲϲղֻǸԭ򣬲ʲôԺԶ㣡
֡裬Ǹأó
δͬʱһ٣Ťͷ˱ԵſڣĽһͷë۾Ĵ̽ͷ컹ûأʲô²˵𣿡
û뵽ᱻѣһżΣ㶼ˣ
ʲôĽǱ۾ʱҪ˯š
ǳ˳飺ûû£ȥ˯ɣҲҪ˯ˡ
šĽһݰŹغˡ
ȵŹϣһݺݵδһۣѹ¾͵ǹͨԺ˭׼ᣬҡҾ͵ʲôû
˵ͱܻˣΪ˷ֹδϡȷŹʵߺߵĻص£Ǳδ·ǳĲʵûж룬ܿͳ˯ȥ
ڹںһƬ֪ϦϦһֻ֪ˡ
շ˸õĶӾͿʼֻ֮࣬÷ĴӴ
һţŵζ۾һܵĽںĳԣδڴɹ̫һɳϮ˹ǿԼǱ߿Ѿע⵽ڿԼˡ
裬˰պã棬ԼɡĽ
ӦһⲻδǱ߿Ťͷȥ˳Լʱ͸һˡ
粻Ҳ֪˭ĿһҲ˵ֻǵͷ
δͻȻӱ󿿽ֽˡ
о£ŵԱ߶˶㣬ѿڶ㲻׼ң
䣬˲죬δĿһۣûҪ㡣
ʱ졣
治ҸղŸ˲ͣٵһ¡δ˵꣬ˡ
ʱĸоˣһڳƽ죬ϵĺɢ֮󣬲̾ȥ
ĽѾһˣֿտպɻ󣺡裬أڳˣ
ڨڨһЦδĽĿ֮תһȦˣ˵Ŀδ֣ôΪ賳ܣ涼ԣ˲ôС֪𣿡
δɨһۣû˵ɿһˡ
Ҳûᣬҹڳ𣿡ĽüͷĻ£һģһ
Ļû˵꣬ſڴһδȥţƬ֮һнˣĸӶ˵򿪣Ĳһϡ
ĽĬãڲɣдһá
ɵġ


 40 

̫Ľ, ǿǰķʢĲһһҲԲˡĽߵĿڳԷˣͼĿ֪ʲôв
Ҹ, ʱҲûҳԲԡȻ粻, Ե÷ǳ㡣
ĽҰֲýģʲô£
ýͲ, ҲûôҪǳóһҡ
ĽҭҭȻԶ, һֱδɨһ, һ, Ҫԡ
Ľһ, δȷʵȰٴԶԡ
Сָ֤޻˵, ߺߵĵɳ£ɢɢĴ˵ӡδһۣûʲô仯
һٷڳ, Ը°ʰˣȥѳʰһ飬Ų߳
ʱ, ӵúС, ĽΣɳϣȫûиղɢ, ͷһôˣ
ͬñֱδ
Ĭһ˲, ƵδԶĵط, һڿֳһ׼Ρ
𣿡ʶĿĽ
ĽɰͰ͵Цһ£û£˵Ҫҿӡ
磺
ʱ䡣δ
ĸɲء
û, 絹һ̬ɵɳĿŵӡĽ鵽ɵӣҲиδһĶŵʱ͵͵ɳϡ
һʼ˻˼죬ֻӾͿʼͶ뵽ӵĻȥȻȵӣϿʼƼ档
Ƽ
ӵϿʼŰʱһļž
һƿԣδһԽضԽ졣Ľ߾ط죬ϢըʱƼС˵ʲôһ𿴣ͺʲôˣ
ûеԾҲûԼ磬Ǳ˵öֻ࣬ǶŵͶŮ˸пһ䣺ǽˣǸӸǶεھȻڵֱӲЩ
ȣͷеۣȻȥ˯ˡĽ˵͵ͷҴˡ
ɻĿһۣջʱͻȻˡʱ˸ʲô
ûˣʡ硣δ
磺
Ƭ̣δǳĬĴ˵ӣֻǵ˶ƵüҪʡ磿
Ƶʡ硣δǳ
磺
ȥңֻͻȻһֻܷȥͷظϢδָϴ֣ʱʱͣ˼һ£ȻظƺڸʲôĵȻ졣
ΧѹȻǳǳڸ˭˵
Ŷ.ְȺģзĹҡͷҲ̧˵ʶԷƺĬˣɵ̧ͷȴޱ
ε֪̾Ǯһֱģһûе
ǻҵġ
磺ţ
ǸϰʮģδƽĿں2019˵֧һû⡣
磺Ǯ㡭
ġδĻ
죬û˵ĽѾ˳ְְ֣ǲҲ򣿡
ǡδס
Ľ۾һǮҰɡ˵ϵľ˫֡
δޱĿ˶ӣĽڨЦջ֣û˵
δŰת硣ĽˣЦһ̬ɺܶࡣ
δ˼Ƭ̺󻺻41µǮǴӼͥ˻֧ķ޹ͬƲһ41ģֻҴΪܣ㻹Ǿòҿ԰Ǯȫת㣬֧
֮ǰͼþߣȻʧˣûбҪپ
Ŀһ˵һǮ41µġôʱеˣ
ͬĻڰǮת㣬δ˵꣬ûзӦǻһ䣬㻹ԼûʸʹǮͬûʸҹĻǵôҡ
æڰ֣ĸɵЩ
ͬˣδʡ
Ĭһ˲ǡԺͷչˡǮǷұҪѾС
֧԰ֹ˻Ǻ¡δ
羴лУˣֻỨǮǮ
һѽСѧʱ㻹һأĽڵĿδ֣ǮҰɣǹܡ
δ磺ǾôˣѼ.ְȺˡ
ĺܻǮġĽĵ
ã˵ͷ˵Сĵһ䣬·ô֮ǰһףûлϴġ2042ֻ֮һ·ۿ̫ȵ켸ûˣһ˫ﶬӶûС
δףȥϢһ£ȥ̳·ȥвɹ֮ǰΪǲû̫ƷҪһ¡
Ľ֣ѧֱΨһǿС˵ѧͯ
ã˳˰ɣҸԴͨδǮһδԼ˲ϣˡ
ȻδԼǸоİûϵúóԺúùúôǮȵ41ʱǮȥԼͺˣǷ飬ҲֻǷԼ飬Ƿ˵ġ
ôţһֱѹϵľѹ˲ûˣٺһЦܣһһ£Ҫȥʱǰҡ
Ǯ
šδӦһݺԼҲ˸ڷ䡣
ڶ𣬿ֻʣĽһˣãȻ۾βʶԼҪǮʼͱӸס
Ĭ룬ߵĴɳΪʲô1841ǮĵһӦң
ȻһС紵˻ش⡣
ĽһСڿǳʱԼ˵ʲôҲȥҲķ
һСʱδӷɳϴϷĬһ˲ѣá
ĽһﲻûҪõ˼δɨһۣøڵţʰһ³ˡ
ã
Ľⷭ˸Ȼδû￴ǰĵſڡ
ʮӺ绻·ܳˣһڴĿڣ߰ɡ
šδӦһֱߣҲϽϡ
˿ʱһĸɿȡһ£ſɳ㲻ȥ𣿡
ȥĽһͷ
ɻ󣺡ΪʲôȥڼҶһˣ߰ɡ
˵ȥͲȥĽֻĴèһű塣
üѹδôˣ
δ˼ɣƽʱ˵˵仰ͿĽĶ䶯һ¡
翴ɳûεļһɻʣΪʲôղŲúõ
ΪûǮδش
ȻٿĽʱһʮ껹ϵӣתƻķʽǮȥ治һ𣿡
Ľǿ
֣ЩΪˣÿθδһǻΣǴĽĻȻˣȥˣѵδһ֣
ԥȰȰǸɴֱӶвʱδԱ赭дҪЬ𣿡
Ľһ١
򡣡δһ䡣
ֻô仰ͿĽͷ˿ȥˣ˼ĺδһֱۣߣ߳ȥûĽ׷Ϊߵ̫ſδϲס
ǲȥбһۡ
ĽһվֱӲҸղŲȥȥ˲У
У˵㡣ǿϡ
Ľ⣬˺һ˵ݣȴ¥ȥʱͰԼȫˣһڴ׼ȥЬ
Сſڽδ˸ʻĽں棬ȹġ
ЬɣǰƷˣһȥ˾ͶˡĽ顣
ʧЦǰƷˣҪͶ˰ɡ
ǲһ˵Ҫأȥȷһ£ҵЬ룬͸Ͻ򡣡Ľͼ˵
翴δԷںӾкһۺ󣬵ȥ·
·һٿҲУЬɿˣȿЬɡĽ۽Ǻ󣬼δΪ̿Ŀ硣
Σһɡ
Ľһô˵ˣϰֿ϶ٷԣһڴĿǰţȻδĬˡ
Ľһʱð軹ǰģһ·졣طδ˺ͺ³ˣĽæŰЬһ
ǹϵãֵܽ𣿡˾ֺǺǵʡ
ĽЬڵǣҰ衣˵ͺԾ³ˣڳҵ˾
ջȥЬˣФĽһЬͲܵˣδԼ˸طվŵȡ
δҪ𣿡
ãЬڵ
δ΢΢ף̧ͷԱĵֵĽĬһ˲󵭵ҵһμİôɫ
ǰһμҵʱ򣬻ΪһλҴʱ龰Ȼе㻳
δŮ
Ҳôùһ
δ۵һ˿رĿұá
磺ûұлл
˵ϻʱĽ˷ǳΪѵ£¿ЬһһɫЩ֪ѡĸá
δע⵽ԥɡ
𣿡Ľһϲ
ܹɡü̫ͬѷʽ
ĽʱˣĿδδɣж󡣡
ô˵ˣҲ˵ʲôĽɫĽеԱԼδȥˡ
δǮʱ翴һ˵˫ЬǧһĿδ⻹󣿡ϵˡ
δĬһ˲󡣡
磺֮ǰΪĽԸԼ߳ģһߺӵķ
ĽԸˣǮ֮ЬĴڵ˾һ¥ȥ
¥ʱĽһмرúȵ̲꣬ȥɡ
һɡ˵Ҫһ
Ľæڰ֣òãȥ¥·ɣҺܿ͹ȥ
Һһ绹û˵꣬ˣԼ˸ŵʱƬֻ̺úδһ˵ݡ
Ҳ֪ǲǵùˣһϣխĿռڶԷĴڸʮ㣬ǱŤ
뵥һ𣿡δɫĿ
Ƕһ£ûС
δ˾ԱŲһʶԱһһ𾪵Ŀʲô
δĬһ˲ʲô
˭˭㣬Ҿǲô˵ţĿⲻСĴϣʱȾһ⡣
δ᲻ԾĶ˶΢ʣˣ
ʲôɻĿһĴֻ׵Ķͷһ뿪ˡ
磺
עӰ졣δŶ䣬һ
ըˣ仰˵Ŷ԰ɣ˵ûԺ׼ռұ֪𣿣Ѿˣ֣֣ˣ
ݺСȴֺлЧֻͦһ͸죬۾ˮģ˵˵ߡ
δĬܾãԲΪڰʾҡ
˭ʾˣۣϵĳһС鼡ֻǱһ£˿ȴһֱԴڡ
ղţδ޳ָԼϣ
磺
ҿԽѵѧ⣬ǲó²δ˵һ£Ǹ
Լúģһ䵭ŶԼ˵ȴһ㶼ˣһԺòˣҲҡ
δһ˲Ϊʲô
ΪѾ˰һˣôܻף
ͺõģδƽĺӣȻôĽ
羹Զԡ
˰ڵϣʲôƵݣôô
Ϊû¥㡣δ˵꣬İ¥
磺Ͳó
ȵ¥һ򿪣ʹ˳ȥδޱĸں档ҲԼ˼Ѿָˣ֮ҵһʺԼģֱ߽ȥʼ·ˡ
δƽĸ棬·׼ȥԵʱǰֻҡ
翴һۣĶ仹ź˲֪ĻΪղˣåǸء
ϵ鶫Լ·ȥˡȻһ׳žɫԼĵ˵ͷ
·ر㣬Ȼɫ׳úÿʲôرƯҪҪǵ¿ȹԼʱرԱ΢Цſ佱ѿ϶ϲģҪҪ
һЦûѡ
䣬δ˹žпϵۣÿ
ԱߵĵԱһЦˣ羽ȵĵһۣȵԱȥñȹӺѹյģ
ʲôδĿӾƵʵϡ
峺۾ʶûԱĻһͲ˵ˡԱѾĬ˵¹ϵЦеİ·ùȥԵʱĶδЦЦŮƯ
šһǧ֮δѵӦһ
Ա̷УǸһͺܺãӦǽܾ˰ɣĬӡ
áδӦС
Ա˵ʲôſ˹æкӭ١
ҺһġĽһֻһ̲ţһֻϣ͵Ա˵껰δŶӵ̫ˣڲ򵽣أ
ʱסԼаĳ嶯
·
δ˵꣬ʹˣλ˼źɫë£ǵһɴȹǳɫϵĴ·Դ⣬ࡣ
δĿ߽Ժӣ򴽣̲סͷԱסĿ·δҲʾÿ
ֻĽרע̲裬˳һۺһһͿ˵ӣ̫ˣ㴩ʲôҶûʸС
ԱԺЦ㻹죿
Ҫǿ϶ûУǣĽٺһЦȷʵҸ졣
Ա̫˵ʲôֻЦŸ͡Ľһʱ⣬ֲС̲ͣ輷ЩʱĿһۣδùֽ̲費㣬ͷ˰ֽ뷨ֱӵͷ֣ˣͲע㣿
ֲǹġĽһ±ӣίĿڡ
бһֽۣԼ
ҲŪ˰ɣҲһ¡Ľ˵ϵĸԼһ¡
翴ŵűļһ̲סЦһȰְ̫
ĿĽüʵȥվӡ
һֽϵĲϽĽ⡣ܻʱ򣬵ԱվһĿɿڴһܵˣһδֹþúðһ⡪


 41 

ԱͶϲ, ɴ۾Ŷ
Ľֱɺ󣬲Ű̲ݸ磺֮, ֽһݸδ, 裬ġ
δӹһ, Ҷĸɬӣζϲ֡, ĽΪ⣺֮ǰʱ, 㵱ʱͺϲ
˵ġǡ, ָ41ĸĸ
һԼ, ЦˣҺϲζ
Ҷ˽ǰ϶ѡϲ, Ľ˵ʲô磬ģǸɿ, һʱҪǹɬζ˺þãԷˡ
û볢ġĽôһ˵, еδǱζˡ
δ۱ӣ, ࡣ
ҲŲţĽбһ, תһȦ, ÿ·̽, ÿȥԡ
, Ѿˡ
Ľ˵ĹֻѡĹһģϴٶԡ
ǳһѾλˣٸʡŵ㣬Ҫܾʱδȥѡɡ
԰԰Ҹѡǰ֡Ľ˵ţʼ·
Σֻһһȥԡȥ·ʱĽ¼ţһֻĵĴ󹷡
ԱʹܻʼûϹ˿̿δվԼǰһϰΪӣڱﲻסһ䣺͸ղλŮ𣿡
δĬһ˲һһĻش𣺡ǱŮѸܵĹϵ
ԱڨڨһЦĽһСĵ¼ſǸ㳤úֵܣ
ǡδ
ǡԱĻû˵꣬ĽѾ˹̱졣
ƻһŵȰɡĽ˵꣬δļ򵽳¡
ԱãȻĿúȴֵܵ󿴵˾˵һĻ
ǸĽȻһϣ
û࣬δͬĿĲ
ĽģûҪ˼еɳûУֳֻʣҸղŶ̲۵ģЪһ¡
ôһ˵δûٽˣֱͦԱо۶ըʱ¼ˣϴȫµһ·
ÿÿĽ۾һ
Цһ֮ǰ˵Ҵʲôʣʶˣܺÿ𣿡
Ȼÿˣǲǣ˵ţø첲δһ¡
δ΢΢ףɡ
Ҳûж飬ֱӵ˵ͷԱԷıһ£㲻𣿡
ûûУҰԱ˵꿴ı飬ôܾȻûκηӦҡҡ׹һѿ
һֱ뿪Աһɵӡ
ղǸ˺̫Ľüͷ
һ½ʱԱ͵ķӦ˼һµӦемԺ·׬ɰɡ
áĽ͡
Աߵδ˼Ŀһۣ۵һ˿
ôˣ̿
Ĭһ˲û¡
һ·̳һ飬һ·Ьֱ̳ͺһȥ˳Уһʳĺ󣬼Ѿòˡ
ҲҪؼҵȷҪ̳ԡĽڳϢϣŲ
Ҳ۹ǺԱϢδһۣǲ
ǻʲôϽȥɣĽһ´
㲻Ǻ𣿡
Ҹ߿ߡ˵žͰһͬȥ˶Ĳ
߰˵㣬𱬵ʱÿһҵ˶ģʮӵĶӣֵˡ
Ҫ⡣Ľ
δɨһۣѲ˵磬簴˵Ŀζ˼ˣͰѵӽԱˡ
ˣ˭û˵ĵϲˡĽδһ絥һߣŴŵķĵʱͶŴ⿴ſűͻȻһ
桢һֱ˶һ£˳ĿŤͷȥԷ˭󣬱Ҳ̫á
Ľֱ˾໰겻ɢ
ģǰʱĻ˿̻һȺѣҪһĴ뿪ˡ
ͦģż찡ž͸ûһˡһ
뵽Щ£Ľɫͺòˣô෸£ȴһ㱨ӦûУһþܸѳԺ֣۸ŮȴһӵӰƾʲô
˵ǮôֻҪ̨ͲⱨӦɡ򴽣ҲǾöġ
ĽһǸ.ɧŵ¶Ҳʲôö
ˣȱô࣬ԷɡԱͲˣ̾
δɨЩɥĸһۣʲôû˵
ȻȻˣʳȴӰˣ֮ϵվһֱߣȵؼʱ͸һ·Ĭ
źȻطˣĽԥһ¿δ
˵ʲôδƽĿɫƺаĵ
Ľ֣ûа취ûܵͷ
Ҳ֪δش
Ľͷû£ҾʣϣǼôᱻץģĵžǡ
ȥ˯ɣ롣
ĽӦһˣδһڿƬ̣תԼ䡣˻̫ϴʱѾϿʮһʱˡ
δͷɣǰ򿪵ԿʼôֻһյƵĵƣϵĹⷴϣԽϣӰŵԵ仯õԵڼ䣬ʱʱᴫһ㶯ûᡣ
һֱæ賿һ㣬׼˯ʱſͻȻһȥţŴ򿪵˲䣬һԴ̽˽
ĽֺõЦְ֣㻹û˯ţպеµܸ˯𣿡
δĬһ˲Ϊʲô˯Լ䡣
ϸоеȣﴵյĽ̵
Ŀյأ
ٿĻһҾͿյˣ̫˷ѵ硣Ľһ
δ˵ˣĬĶ
Ľǳ˳飬Ծˡ
ôģ
Ҹղû£ѹϴһ£ˡĽһ±ӡ
δҸ㰲
ǸϣҾе㼱ǲˣٰĽϽס
δĬһ˲Ȼأ
֡ھǣյҲˣҪǰװĻعƵСʱΪҾҴˣŲ
δ
ְ֡ĽһƲ۾ģĳˡ
δĿ΢
ллְ֡ĽϽȥ
δţȥʱĽѾѵֻʣһ鲼ϣ欵ڴϣֻϷ
δ·ϡ

 42 

Ҫ˯, ʲôĽ˵ţһǷ, Ҵ־˯
δޱ飺ϡ
ĽãȻĿһ, ϵıһ£ˣ㿴, ı
һ׾ŵıδ۵һ˿
ĽҲǱ˵Ҵһô, ôң
δֱ׳, Ĭú󵭵㲻ñŤ
ŤʲôҵĽҲЦ, ʮ껹ϰһϴһ˯, ˵ֱӦ֡
δûкദЩ䡣
Ľһ㶡
ñܰ㣬ջ۵ļ, ûСһһ㳤ɵļ䣬֪ĴʱѾڵӣδ, ˵꿴۹.ƽһ䣬Ȱ·, һʱ䡣
Ľȴûж, ֻĿһֻĳè, ã͸һ벻ͨδͻȻԼѻ˵ֱ̫, Ĭһ˲ֻͣ㴩·˯
֪˼, Ľع񣬴ƽĴ·, ˻𱬵Ƣסڵǰе˸˿䵭ģмδˣڶҸΣû41ҵָ飬⣬ϾȻ֪жమңȴ֪
Ľ
ûôˣһȥŴ˯ͺãҲϽ˯ɣĽ˵꣬·¶һЦ̫ҹˣԺ޵չңҺġ
δЦ촽΢΢һ˵ѾܵˣֻžһԼĽղ
һϳ˯òʣеʧˣԵʱﾲĵģҪ˵ЬЬΪ͵͵ܳȥˡ
ڿ˻Ķűźãٰѿʰһ飬ЩµʱѾˡδҳ΢΢ס
һ㶣ôˣ
ţ
εĵ˵Լ۾Ȧôôأʧ𣿡
δĬˣεȵȥԼʱĸȥָ˵ļʶͷԼʱһôûģ
Һˡδ
ɻ۾δ򴽣Ҫ¸߾ʹһ죬ͬʱȥֻĽˡ
Ľû뵽ڣһºͷ֡裬Ϻá
ˣˣɣЦЦôô죬ѹˣ
ûУеȡĽӡ
确Ŷһ̧ͷδȥɣҸ
á
δ˵꣬ͳĽȥߵǰĽǰ˼裬Ҹְɡ
δͣԭء
ĿתһȦˡ
ǺãɣδҲϴˡְ˸л
Ľ򴽣˰С˶ڵϿʼˣδ߻ܿͰϴˣվ˰κḶ̌ǰһҰ㡣
ãͺáĽͷҲ̧
δֽһ룬ƽ˻ȥôĸڳ²˵еüۣ̲סҪ׷ˣ
áδȥˣȻ̫죬ֻһӾͰϴˣû뿪˼ֻٴΰ
ĺǳ󷭳Ǽģδġ
˭ģһٷˣڲǰδºԱߵӣĽȴûһ㣬ֱӵԱˡ
üʲôû˵ֻǸϽԷſӸĽһС⣬ͬʱδСˡ
Ľһ£лл
ϵĺôûɻĳ֡
Ľһ£˸գû£Էɡ
磺ֵܣ㿴һ㶼ûŶ
Ľ²ߣҲٶû˵ʲôֻרĳԷȳ극ٺġ
ȻĽûᣬһֱӻطˣֻʣδڿ
ôˣ˵㲻֪籧ۡ
δĬһ˲˵ˡ
ε֮̾ǰҲ˵ƵĻʱҲûôǲΪ̫䵭ΪˣԲŻģ
֪δش
翴һĽϵţƬ̺ȥģȱ
δףĿȥš
ĽҪȥ˰˵ֱ꣬ӽȥŹˣҪ̧ǰʱϱ߰ʱһ룬յôɢˣ
ԼģװȥˣĽſڴƵһӣû˵Ҫ
ôҲˣһ߿߰ĶԱ¡
ĽһѾ֪ˣƺһסͷңǶһ˵úʵһ㶼ҡԣĶ˵
Ҳ˭㣬˵ţһĵϡ
Ľһңû˯ãۡ
ɫĲ̫ԣüָĶͷ̽¶Ⱥһ㷢֪𣿡
Ľеٶۣգ̫ȣҾͳ˸ˮ裬Ƕˡ
ƨˮ裬ǻòͷˡ˵һƣֱӿȥδˡ
Ӻһҽҩ䣬һŶľֽˣĽһۣ췭˸ǣ£Լ
Լƨ򵥴ֱľܾŶľֶbiuһ£37ȶһ38ȣԸƬ˯һӦþûˡ
˵ͳȥˮˣʱֻʣ¸ӶˡδĬҽҩ﷭ҵҩҩ
Ľ䶯˶ûҪ˼δƬ̣£Ǹ
ܹ㣬㻹ûңҶĽϴȣۿȴˡ
δҪôԭң
ûʲôԭµģĽһ±ӣͻȻЩˣˣҪڣ϶
δ˵ˣֻǰĿıӰڶβĸоһΣ2019һʱ
ˮʱδȳȥ˵뿪ˡ
翴ıӰһۣѴϵ˽ôǣֱŤˣ
ûСĽԹãӹˮҩˡ
ֻˮʹѱӷ£ֹȫꡣ
Ľһ£ȻϲҲʣµˮˡ
翴úЦôҶ˸ռʱС˭ˡ
һСĽ˵꿴һۣǰ㲻֪ѡ
˽һУȻߵİȴ˽ˡ
ٴεͳһ˰ȡһ¾͹ˣûû˵ġ
ôûûˣĽյ÷ˮ۾ĵһۡ
絽£ĶĽҩ˯˰ûȵĻش𣬾Ͻиˡ
ѾŬˡͻȻڡ
ĽĿһۣƺ˼
ЦЦδţ׼ļʲôϲֱӼ򵥵ķʽõЧУ˵뷨˵ĸܣĿǷΧڣҺͬѧ꣬û˭һˣ
˵ʲôĽ̲ס
翴۾ģ㴩·򵥵ķʽҪôûУĸҪӦȻˣܴӦһ˯˽⣬Ѿܲˡ
Ľһ±ӣû˵
ڹ֮ǰ鷳վһ£㣬ƧһˣͻȻĳͬĶӣһ𣿡
˵꣬ʼ˼ˣ̾ļ򣺡ںŬıˣ㣬ΪʲôҪһһߣ41İְ֣û41Ҳ18һһŬģôŬˣ㻹ԹûҲܣ
Ľıһ˿ɣǡ˼ǣˣ
Ȼˣһƣ˼Ҿ㴩·ѣĸԭ㵹ãֱ˲˵ʱΪǹϵŬ
ҸõǸ𣿡Ľüͷ
ɨһۣ޷εƣ򴽵˯˵
͵öһˣĽǡСѾתǸԼ̫ˡ
˰£һ֪ˣٸǸ
á
簲ԱƬ̣˯źӣŵ˳ȥ
һδſڵţվֱЩôˣ
Ѿ˯ˣһ˯վͲ˰ɡ
ǾͺáδȴûҪߵ˼
ûסЦ˳İɣѾˣ֪ˣ˯Ѿ͸Ǹ
ûδ
һûдˣȻҪǸͽĵǸ¾͹ȥˡԺҲע㣬ʱĻûб˼ضĳǰ£׾˵ˣ֪𣿡
δƬ̣յ˵ͷá
Ҳ˯ˣ˵ˡǷֱӻطˡ
δվƬ̣šĽķ˽ȥվͷƬ̣Ŀ˵Ŀյϡ
Ľҩһ˯úܳȵʱѾٽˣ۾֫ģ֮С˻ˣʶԣͷһϵûˡ
һ£ʶҿյĵطֻһõĿյĽ𾪵۾ңſһ£ȷһ󣬲˼˳ȥ
δڿ￴ӣкҿղ
ĽܵߣԴ£ͬʱЩС˷ܵĿδ֣ҿյ㰲õ𣿡
ǡδЩ
ľbiuһ̳嵽δǰôôһΪյˡ
ԺҪҲδ
Ľĵ˵ͷʶʲôһЩ˼ĵͷ֣ԲҲС
δ΢ûϵ
ǾͺˣĽ۾Ŀĺͺˣ
šδٴӦһ
Ľʱ𴽽ǣ¶׵ݣлл֣ãʵҽ˵Ķ֪ǰҵġ
šδȻ䵭˶ÿһ仰лӦ
һԵ翴ľϵ¶ȣٿͬĸӣĿڵ»ָˣƱϷ뵽˽Ե㶫һ£ظݰɡ
䣬¡һͬʱ⿴ȥֻӿƺҪˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ľ̽ӻһһԺԽԽˡ
Ժ䣬Ҳ䣬ˣðѴϣˡ粻̫ϲꡣ
Ľպδͺãǳ죺յˣҰѾѿյ޺ˣҲ¡˰ְ֣Ҽǵúöˣôҵģ
Ҳδ
δĬһ˲ûҡ
ǿյôĽû˵꣬гһɾ⣬㶼޺ãҰ֣
ѧ񣬵ôģҲ𾪡
δĿͬĸϻȷĿ佱Ƿ֮ĬĬۣš
ѧϰõ棬޿յġĽʺƨ
껩£Ĺ߰˲˵һдؽȻҲ˳ûã͸ظˡ
Ľ˿յڴϣ˼ȦͻȻòԣһºȥδš
δŴ򿪣ĽоЩƵĿһºګګ֣ǲû޺ãյŲˣ
δĬˣĽûܽǽϿտҲ󣬶ʱ鸴ˡ
ѾһŰװδ
ĽЩζһ±ӣΪĻء
װͼֽѣδ˵һ£㴲Ǽҹ
ĽûסЦˣЦ֮ͷЩ˼ҶԸһҲԣûбҪŲҡ
δֻ֡
Ľԥˡ˵ֹĿδԼȥ˯ܾ
꣬δѾڣһ𣿡
Ľ۾һҪ𣿡
š
ǸϽˡĽ˵Լߣƽݺȥϴ˯ɡ
áδĿ⻺
Ľ鲻ȥϴһ£ʱ߿űߵģҽԴ˯¡
û˵꣬ͿδѾ£յûǵĵطǳŵģ۾˲
˯δƽĿ
Ľ㶣ͻȻʶδڶǸӦЦܵϣѧδ·ˣһһյǵúʵ
˵ƣĽС˵һ䣺֣Ұ㡣
šδֻһ֡
Ľ˵Ѿ㹻ˣЦ˯ˡδԱߣʱʱ˯źԾѹϵĸ첲ȶȥ۾ûҪ˯˼
֪˶ãյֲס룬ĽԱ߳˯ȥ
һ磬Ľ֮ǰ̽̽Ľ£ȷûˣŴ·ĶĽԷƺһ۾δ֣Ϻá
Ϻãɣȥ͡δƽ
ĽһȤ·һȥˡ
һˮںȣ˺ˣһ˯ģ
šδӦ
ɻ󣺡ΪʲôĽĿյ޺ˣδûôһ
δҪյû޺ãĽһش𣺡һ˯ˣ㲻˹ֶΡ
ְֵػһҪάְǰܵǿҵĹ⴫ݵδδĬһ˲ŵ˵ͷ
ȷʵˡĿǣڿɵӡ

 43 

ȵ˾ͻŵʱ, ڿյĻԳױơ
Ŀһۣ޺ˣ
Ľ޺ѽֲ˲Уأ
δĬһ˲ʲôû˵
װ֮, ʰһ, ҵһȥӡĿһֱۣӻȥ·, ȵٳʱҲ·
ʱʦװյ, Ǵȥģ
ܿװ, ٵһ, һȥɢĽ۾
һ, ϵߣֲˣûҪһж, ʵڼҴŰɣҺܿ˵ͺԥ뿪ˡ
һ꣬滹ʪģ·˱ˮµҶ, лҶϿζʪ
ߵСĽ˼, ʱûˡϻʪ, ûʲôתһȦ, ͻȻԵ, һȥСƷꡣ
һ, ɸ˻þˣԼ, ͻȻֳԶʳĸоԽЩĲ룬ջȥպĽ绰ֱȥǱߵͤ׼ڻԵ⡣
绰ֱӹȥˣȵʱֻδվ绰ȴӰһ£ߵδʱһȦأ
绰ߴϷȥˡδ
ǳ˳飺ϷȻң߰¥˵ǰߣ˼ʶδûһºͷ㲻ȥ𣿡
˵¥³Ʒδ
ʧЦֲڣȥ
ԡδĻ
һ£㲻ǲ𣿡
ҳԡδһᶨ
µĿӺмһԲͤֻͤĸ֧ţ˷ģе䣬ܽܡ
ƷӴ򿪣Ƭ̺ѡһ鲻ôС⣺
á
Ѷ󣬾רעԼʳˣ˭Ҳû˵ֻĳŶһС紵ĸ첲һ㼦Ƥ̲סһδ
˿̵δϴһɫ£ůɫĴ·ůԼϵĶǿˣôû뵽ٳأ
ǰʱһֱŵδڣܸ㡣
ţ
δƽĺӣ
ûҪ·ʲô˼ˣĿеˣǻء
ȥ·δĻ
Ĭһ˲˼ǣȥ·Ǽ¥³ԣȻһ¥ϣ
š
ֱӻȥã㲻Ի·
δվȥ·
磺
ԶԵĿδ߳ͤıӰԽԽԶֱʧͻȻðһ뷨òΪ˺ԼദԲôִɣ
ʶԼʲô綶һ£һʱͷˡȻӺٴ˳˼
δ׹ʱûͷ
ϡδ·
ллʶĽӹϴʱŷӦ·
ţδԼСӣרעĿǰĵ⣬ķ䣬ȴҵġ
Ŷ
еŤ˼Ҷ·ˣٲҲʣǾκǴˡϣһֱǵ˴ȵλãδϢ溮佫סӶ
лл
ͻȻδһ£̫Ŀţ
Ľ¡δ͡
綮ˣЦЦ֮Ͷѣû£˵Ҳ֮٣ˡ
δ˼Ŀ۵׾ζ类ĪţǰСⶼˡ
Ҫסѹ˵ʱδǰ㣬ǲҲ֮٣
ס
㱻˺𣿡δʡ
ʱΪˣ֪ôش𣬾캬ӦûаɡȻ˵ĲܴҲǰһЩɵ£δ˺
ֻϲѣǡòϲ˹ܡ
δĿû˺֮ǰ˵ЩҸĵԺͺ𣿡
һ£ʶܾ
һѧϰȷԼ᷽ʽԷӰɢᾭǣ֣¹㣬δ죬˵ȴһһѧᾭף㲻ϲĵطһģԸҺͺ𣿡
͵ĿʱͻȻӦ㡢ȵһ¡
δֻͣа벽Զĵط绹ţԴֻǣ޴߲ʹվȻһ͸ˡ
ĬĬһüͷ˼·㡢һֱҪҺͺãΪϲңΪ밴δ·߸ҽ飬ȻĽ
ûĽ֮ǰҲ˵֡δ촽΢ƺΪʵЩˡ
գһ۾ɰͰͿڣΪ̫ϲѧԲøҷ֡
δԣ˸õĳĬ̲סҪʱͻȻڣΪҳõΪϰߣŲ⣿
ǳ˳飬Щ֪ôش
ûϲķʽԼᣬҵĴʱûѧУǧѧռ֮һ֮ⶼѧδ΢䣬ΪϲѧΪʲôһҪ㣿
Ϊǵһ̽꿴æڨЦźˣҿЦģϡ
ϲ㡣
һ㶣
ϲ㣬δĿϲ㹲ǰûбᣬҵĲԣԲ𡣡
ôǸˡһ飬ԣϲң
ϲδԥĵͷ
㶵ĿͨĶ䣬һƽʱȻٶۣǸɵģ֮ǰҪΪδ̫ز¶ò׼Լĸ飬ڶ׿ڳˣȻˡ
δǰһ벻ͨΪһ˲䶼˴𰸡ΪʲôѧϰΪʲô׼ᣬΪʲô°࣬Ϊʲôʳϴ·Ϊ
㻹ϲ𣿡δʡ
͵ĿҡҲֻǵԼ׷ʱ򣬼ֱҪϲˣֻǺһֱѧϰһʼڴ棬󿴵̲ס㣬ֻһ²ʱ䡣
ɼӦҲϲİɣȻҲ˰֡ڣĲ֪ˡΪǿƲסĹǷڱģһֱˡ
ĻشδĬãһ紵ǰĶ̷΢΢ˣֱͦ忴е
翴̲סвУ
뵽ʲôʱ򣿡δʡ
ΪѵĿôѰ⣬ٵһ°ɡ
δĬһ˲ҿʮڵõ𰸡
ô˵档
δĿΣʱͻȻһֻ֣δĻ촽ͱסˡ
һϵǣ֮ͬǰᴥĴ.ĥȻʱ̣ܶٴαըһƬ档
δſҪѪҲû򶨣ϲҡ
ôģɵ㶵Ŀ
δ۵׷ǳǳĹ⣬һһ㣬ûҡ
磺

 44 

޹۾, ȻѾδ߼˵ˡδĿͨͨķ·𶳻һ㻹ϲңԺͺˡ
磺һ¡ؼʱûٷ, ֹҪͺõΪ
δһ££
Ȼ£ع, ˣʲôʱӦͺˣܲһҵ
ǻϲ, ѵúͺãδ, ʶʲô, ɫ, 㲻븺𡣡
ס۵ĳ嶯Ҹʲô, ˵ǸҪҲ㸺𡣡
Ҹ𡣡δ̵
类ҭһ, ðŷӦ˼·ߣҲͺáû˵꣬δѹͿʼˣ¿ˮ, øҲûʲôԡ
ҲҪģοδͦãǡ
һ, ԼĻһԵ˵꣺Ҹ, ʵҲΪҹ̫ܵˣÿο, èһ, ҾĹϵһ㶼ƽ, ½ͺͺãԺ϶, ǡ
ʲôδü
һ㳹׸ˡ
δĬһ˲ôģ
һۣһƹԼλϣʾԼ¡δ˹ȥ¿Ե⣬ĵĻ
籾Űѵ꣬ٸ֮£̧ͷʱһĶԼ㲻ɵЩЦ˵ˣ͸𣿡
˵δ
Сӣ۾ĿԺˣ͸ǶҵΪʾ֧֣ҪǸҵÿο㣬̵βࡣ
δĬһ˲ķ档
尡ЩΪѣ˰ȴӴķ˵𣬡ӿ߸˴ܣЩҶзִģңˣѧϰҪǱѧϰҾͲѧϰǿϣԼʱҲ׼κιѧϰ¡
δ
лУʲô£Ҫʱ̼סѣ˼ҵѶرŮѣҾͲָˣֻҪ𶯲вҾСϸ룬ҲûˣǶδʾ˵ˡ
δãصѧϰ֧κ£𣿡
ԶԶԣͷӦĻھͺͺá
ȥ̵Եδжˣֱ̲סĶ
δ˼úƽĿ
磺
Ȼעһδ飬һĽĶӣڽǰ£Ҹ˳Ȼδ
е£ʲô˼
˼ǣδһʱһᶽúѧϰ㲻׼ӿΣҲٴǷǡδһһΡ
綼ҪˣǡҾͲã
ҲЩ͸Һãδʡ
ҪǰһԼ̷ͷԶԶԣ㲻ңҾ͸á
ҵ߿ٲܣδ˾Ҳһʱ䣬һ춨δĻʱһҲԽܡ
磺
ʱٺͺҲһڣδڳʱѾ侲ͺõȲ㻹Ǻúѧϰɡ
磺
δ˵ûٿı飬ϵʰһ£ŸĽĵؼˡԴ͵ӣŭһʯϣʹ˲ʹŤ
Ȼֻúѧϰ
һӻߺߵĻؼˣ֮󿴶ɳϵĸӶˣԼˣ˳Źسžһ졣
ôˣĽãʡ
δİѵ𣿡
ԳԳԡФ˻裬ֻʼƷ
ص緢ҲҪδ˵ˣȻȵ˿Ѽʱ˲Լһɶ
˴ֵڼС£ӭ˿ѧڿѧǰһÿ˶Լʰ䡣
籾·װϣһ뵽ҲмҵˣðжѧУᣬֻ˼·ĻǶ
ʰһ£ʰþĽ̲裬̴ȥˡ
ʲôʱеɳ£һ̲
Ľٺһ֣ղʰʱеģⲻڼһˣԳԵõףһ¡
ףһ£ѵδסôܣһӡ
Ľ̿δģģҲûǸ˼
ڣ˵ɣ㵽粻ϵ
Ľһʲô£¡
һ٣ѵ£˲ĽͳһӪҪѾֱ˵ûҪŪôģ־ͲС۵ˣ϶Ǯġ
ҾҲǣҰôãôܲǮĽϡ
һһ͵˵꣬۰Ͱ͵ĿһֱûӦδʾʱǮˡ
δɫ糣ķеıӣһۺ󻺻ͰǮתˣֻһ¡
ôûյŰŶյˣû⣬ĽЦŴ򿪶ţһˡ˰٣֣ת˰ɣôֻа˰٣
һֻѧУ췹˰ٿǮ㹻ˡδ
Ľ͵Ŀȷĺ˲ˣֲֻԷһҪʳϡ
ҪʲôֱӸ˵δɨһۡ
ĽҭҭĵĿڣǡһҪѺˮأʱҲˣ
δһۣһתһ֡
ھ͸ҰɡĽæ
ȻδȴûиǮ˼һÿıַŶķãһѧУãôͻյһʹĩۻʽ𡣡
Ľ
ĿɿڴĺδƬ̣̿磺裡㿴
ȣҾöԣȷʵִ̫ˡ򶨵İֻ¡
Ľһ£ͻȻ۾Ұָת˶Ǯ
һ޹Ŀ
ҲŲţĽ˵Ż˹ȥûעֻˣֻҳպûͣתϢϣۼĿǸǧ֣ʱҪըˣ֣Ϊʲôǧȴֻа˰٣
ǮŮƷġδһ
ĽۣҲҪʲôܶһǧ
δ
˱ԣʲôģδסǮ˾㸶ˣһġ
Ľ綼ѱˣʱһ棬ߵı輸ϵж˳ںȵ̲˹ȥԼԣ
ײɡ绰˵꣬Ļطˡǳ˳飬Ŀδ˵̫ˣ϶ܡ
ֻҪԣʣµһᰴδ仰˵꿴һۣҲǡ
磺һǧˣôжģ
δɻ󣬳Ĭһ˲󵭵ûбһǧŮƷġ
㲻һֱ˵Ҹղžˡ
δЩ죬˾֮ŵһǧȫģԺ󲻻Уʣ°˰ѧУѣҪõĶҴĩһȥ򡣡
ȵһ£ס㶺󲻿ŵҲ˵£ԺҲһ°˰ٿ飿
׼ȷ˵һʮΪڣÿʮа˰٣úѧϰԽһϵеĽδΪϽ
籾ڿĽ֣û뵽ԼҲʱַ˵ĸо
Ҫ.ְҲӿΣδһ룬ϣѧ񡣡δ˵꣬㶪ʯ磬һˡ
罩Ӳڿ֮ðһͷҪҪˡ

 45 

һ뵽δҪ, ͷǳʹģ2019ʱܶһ£ͬʱ, ֻжԷ, ֱǶ޿ɶ㡢޿ɱܡο˼˵ˣԸͺҲҪץѧϰ, ⲻڸܶô
̾, ͷɥĻطˡ
ĽڷҲҲζ, ڴϹһСʱ, ̲סȥƿδķš
δŵʲô, Ťͷʲô£
Ľѵ£һ, ̲סˣ߾ͳˣû°㡣
δͷŤȥŵô򣺡Ҹʲô
ôһֱŵ, ʲô𣿡Ľ׽Ĵչ۵ԺȣԶڣǻĹ˾, һֱڲǹ˾
šδӦһ
Ľ⣺ϲĻ, Ӧò鲻ʲôɣ
ҿһǵĲƷǸܸ˶., νĴҲǲ, ʵĹ˾ͷѪΪ, ϵƭıȻδ޳ָڼô, ԵĹӳ𲻶罻վ˾ܺߣ׼ռ֤ݹͬߣѾһˡ
Ĺ˾óģΥģôôһ칫¥Ľ⡣
δһ£ֹ˾ǻɫҵƽʱû˹ܣһϸҪѲƤοAǻ죬쵼ѻװ˭Ҳܾ
Ľһ²ߣδʱ̽ͣȻ˻ǻﱾûܵͷ
˭˵ģδʡ
Ľ⡣
ϴɧŵŮѾϵ˼ҳҳֽܵڼߣҿһ£ǵ֤ݱ֮ǰҲб¼õʦԸǿ.Ůδ죬ӻᱣϴǸŮԸȻ֤ҲΪ̵ĲοһжԼֻǽ˸֪
Ľһ͵Ŀһ䣺18ʱѾô𣿡
顣δһۡ
Ľһ飬ʱЩˣôΪʲôѧ׷裿
δĬһ˲ΪѧϰΪء
ĽȻ˵һͲ׼
ţδӦһ𣿡
ûû£ȻȥˡǰĴħĽЦһϽˡ
δɻĿĶӵıӰŵܽ᰸ȰѾʮˣûҪ˯˼óһǰıʼǱֻϵĵ鿪ʼʼǡ
ڶǿѧˣΪǰһûУһˣߵ֮ǰᣬֱӾͽˡ
ѧһ죬ƣɢʱ򣬳˼⣬ÿ˶Žڼշľƣʲôֻڽ˵һġ
ȫ඼ʱ򣬰δһذը׿һ׼
һȫ඼ˣںڼҴ˰£ѾʲôǲסˣʱԼֱ˵
żٵʱô˵ģǼڣҲܷɶԼĹֶŬмһģڵ֪ˣʲôȥˣ
ѧģûٸҷŽ̾Ϣһǳķ˿αȻҪѧϰ
Ľˣһǰλѹʣ
ѧϰûʦ˵Ϳˡü
Ľ죬һ±ƣԸʲôϵദôãѾԼѧϰõʵˣΪʲôԺܸСҲϰ̫ţ٣йϵҵĹ
ٲȻ֪Լڶйϵ󻧣Ȼ֪ѧɵôֱ׳˵仰ʱ绹δֱͦıӰͬС֮ǰûݵʱûɹǣòãǰһ𣿡
뵱ֻŮʱ챻ѧϰˣ϶׷Źδ˽⣬ⳡԣΪħĿʼһ뵽Լϣ̲סһ̾Ϣ
ɵ룬һôţ쿼ҲģҶһ˲֣˭Ҳڼѧϰ㿴Ҳûѧ𣿡˵꣬ʾĿδһۡ
һѧֱһ֪
ĽǲΪ⣬ûҪ˼翴һۣҲˡ
ڶĿԼûĸѧӣһͶ뵽ӵȥˡһʵ˲ˣһĿϰʱɫֻв黹
ѧԣ㿼ô¿ʱһʡ
һɨ˺ŵδһۣεԾ׶İ׾Ҽڵʱ
ӦÿúܺðɡĽˡ
֪ǲϴαδ̼ˣû˵Լܲ񣬶ǲ˵һ䣺԰ɣϾһ顣
ҲпܵİΧʼУò졣
ʵͽ̲סʣܿ꼶һ𣿡
һ䣬Χ˶˹һôشҪ֪δٿһŶܱ༸ʮֵˡһ۾ȻԸ˵Ļȴʮֿ˭֪ɼҲ˵ô
϶ûⰡؾǵһҾ˵ѧԵѧԡԱߵһô˵ˣ̿ʼС
ǣеˣżһεһزסûʲô𣿡
԰
ЩŵԻŵû֨ģһⶼôδͷˣȻͲˣδѧϰûҲǺŵˣһģô鳼һѾһľӣ㿼һҲʤ֮ɡ
ѧ֪ʶֲʲôʤ֮䣿Ŀ۾̱
ŮӻǣԼⶼŪ֮ٿԣֲǿףҪǲͱ˵ѧѧ
㣡鳼Ůһ£Ҳûкˣǵ۾
սۿžҪһ𣺡ôάΪʲô֪쿼ʲôӣȴûи㣿
˶һ£ŮҲסˣӦ죺ҡԼῼΪʲôҪң
˵ģǰŪˣȥԲףϾ֪ʶԼģȫڿǰ㲻𣿡ɨŮһۡ
һʼδеӦȻ֪һǵЩˣ˵鳼ȻԹۡ
Ů˵ƿԣǲæҺֲһ˵Ծû֮ǰ˭֪ǰ⿼һֻѡһԾô
ǡŮ̽һ䡣
һֱĽЦһѧӢۣ㿼һʱȷʱҲ֪˰ɣЩȻ㲻һҲԶôûǣ
˵ÿ˿ڣ˰߳ŭҾǲ֪ôˣ˵ã⼯ʼ
һ⸱ӣ֪ǹԼ֪ˣЩ˵˶ʱЩ΢ˣǸղűʹŮϻģͷҲˡ
ŵ˶ʱ泩鳼Ƿǳжû뵽ϴүôãȻһҳͷ
һ飬æ¹ȥˡ
ΪοֻиĲμӣȫвʦľԳɼܿͳˡʱǡø2εʱһ˵ɼһȺ˶ȥˡ
߰ɣҲȥ纰ĽʱţҲ֪ûЧÿɼ֪
Ľ²ߣ¶û飬϶û񿼵úã뿴ǸС˵־
Ͷôûģü߰ɣȥ֤ʧ
Ľһƶԥһ»Ǹȥˡ
ϵʱǰѾѹѹվһȺˣ鳼СӿǺһ˷ܵкǣϴү꼶һ
ģĽ۾һȥǰſˣδ738ķ۾ˣǸ750İɣ1000ģ
Ȼ750ɵ㡭Сѿڶ˵ʶԼˣϽ죬СĵĽһۣûзӦϽתƻ⣬񿼵̫ˣղŲ񿴵ԺˣҲǣҪҲܣһˣ30֣С۹ܱ
ϴοڶ֮ı֣ʵ´γɼ鳼ֻȻˣǰ´ܿ񡣡
뿼Ұ֡ΰɡĽһǽ
鳼һۣ˲עѹϴүദͦġ
ţԺ𾴵֪𣿡ĽӦһ
鳼.İϴԺǵ׵ܵõġ
˭׵ܵãӰǵĽͷһ
鳼һ£ʶ֪ˣǴãҰǵ𾴡
⻹࣬Ľˣ¿һȦأ
ؿ˲ˣ꣬Ϳˣ˵ܵûһ򡣡鳼ڵ
Ľһüͷȥңɵˡ
Ҹղſȥˣû»ǵĵԼɣе˹Ľʱ¶һЦѣǵһ
˵ҷӺȶĽ飬أ㿼٣
ҲڵȦǿ㡣ǣ鳼Сӵ˵ĳɼȻҲûôףһǧҵĸѧռǰ߰ٵΡ
ȥĽ˵ȥɼˣ˰󿴵֣ʮ֣ǰʮ
һҲûٰ
ǲ࣬ͺáЦеĿ
Ľ¶ĿƬ֮۵㵣ǰɡ
û˵꣬δ͹ˣݵԾĸӶͬʱ
δ鲻ɨһۣԾ뿪ˡ
Ľ¿ˮõġǵľӣ
ӦǴӰõġ籾ڵԼĽúãδɨһۺͻȻˡ
ĸִͷĸо

 46 

Ҫȥ𣿡ĽЩ
һùһ㲻ʮ, ߰ɡ
Ľ̾ȥδˡ
˿̻Ͽʱ䣬˲ٳɻ, طûˡδڵİ칫¥, һҲûС
ĽҡߵǰڨڨһЦ
δƽĿǣɼˣ
ˡĽһ, ɿĵͷ
δһ
ҡ꼶ϱ߶ʮϽ
δʲô𣿡
磺ȷʵûʲô
һ¿ǵĳɼ, Ϊֻһʱķʧ, ڿ, Ӧò, δüͷƺʲô鷳һ, ǱҪЩ㡣
ҪŵͷͿԼӵ˲ʶ㡯, ָľȻĽʱ±ˣҡҲǽ𣿡
ֱܷϴζ30࣬Ƕ࿼һ, ˵нδͬĿ, ұˣûԽ֮ǰѾӵ¶Ρ
粻ڵĳһ, ͷˡĽԱ߿ɥ, ̲סֻ, ΪҪǸû뵽ͬгеú, ֻ龪һ
ЦʲôδĽɫһݣʣⲻд˵ǲᣬΪʲôдẺ֣
Ľڨڨһ±ӣҲС˯ȥˡѧϰõ˶ֱ֪Ǳѧθߵĵط治ǹ˯ġ
֪дҿܻ鷳㻹˯ˡδ
ĽֺõЦЦʱȷʵͦģûס⣬˯˹ȥ
δã˼ĿڣҶȲ⡣
Ľ֨Ͼʱôġ
δԾѧҲˣ150ȴֻʮʫд˷ȫĶҲȫֻӢﻹǵ﷨˺ܶ࣬߰㡣
ҾͲѧϰǿϡĽö̧ͷˣ̲סһ䡣
Ϥ̨ʣֻϥһ
𣿡δƽʡ
Ľһ£ŷӦԼѯʡμѻش𣺡ӦӦòǰɡ
һȷеĻش𡣡δȻһ侲ϸȫ
ĽګګĿһۣСش𣺡Сʱ̲ԣ128֡
Ǿͱֺͨһ㣬ڴķˣûĶϰҲûӰΪʲô˵Լѧϰϣδ
ȻĶȴ⻰ͺڸ˵һͬʱδ˵ĽʶȥδԼжᡣ
Ľδ˵ʶϰ磬ǾӮ˵ģ֪ʶ滹ַӱѹȨ֮£ίյ˵˾䣺֪ˣ´οԲ˯ˣҿܻǿá
Ϊʲôδʡ
Ľ̾ҴӸһûúѧϰھΣҲ
ûҲǣ̵
δһۣûΡ
Ľ۾һҪ˵δ쿪ʼӸһϲῪʼһ챳һƪҪеĹʫģȫɣڱġһӸһʼϣԺϿβʦģֻҪҵҪѧϰͺá
һҪȫλӹǵ˼ͷˣðɣʦһˣ
˯ʱôʦδޱĿ
ˣڨڨһЦ˵ˡ
δĿ⻺˻һģѾʦ˵ˣ֪ͨѧʦԺ󲻻ǡ
ĸӶˣ
δӸˣʼ棺ģһѽ̲ľЧʣΪǡ
ĴѾΪˡĸһۣͬĸо
δɨһۣˣ쿪ʼÿǶµѧϰɵĻʮǮ㻨Ǯ
ʮ𣿡Ľ۾ˡ
δס
Ľ̴Ӧãһɵģ
Ѿѧڵ̾ҲŴӦˡͬˣδıû֮ǰôˣȥ˳Уԭʿĸһһܺ󣬶ʱˡ
δ˵㻰Ȼûѧϰ£Ľȹһõ硣
ϰĥ䵽ֻʣһˣƵߡѧУһĿ٣ѧʮӾͰѵϨˣֻֻ
һ˲ĳ˽ңԱ¥գͿϤӰЦһ˹ȥôûߣ
أҲ̫ĥߴˣƶϨˡĽϱԹȴûһ˿ͷֻˣڿԲù˼ʲôֱӺˡ
Ĵм䴩ߴһһһ¥
Ҹʲôֲǲʶ·ڵ
˵Զһ˲ĽһȻڵϹģһ˲ȫ
㶣ǶԻӰˣʱҲ֪˵ʲôá
ģҰֿˣͷöģҲ¸ˣǸ˭Ҳ˲˭˵Ҫ˫˫׼Ľο
ʧЦҲġ
֪ҺҰֵİΪ˲ǵģԺŰɣĽٺһЦ˵껹ѣǲǰ֣
šδӦһ
ͷȻ֪ĴԼͷһξ룬ԼоĴڣ˵ʱǸоһ縧ͷ嶼һ¡
˲˵ʱͻȻͰˣ˵Ҳ֣˲ǰУɲ֪ΪΣֻλұߵĽȴһڸжûУԷʱָָ⣬ͬʱһ١
ôߺüˣδǰɡӲͷƤڡ
δĬһ˲Ľȥǰ档
Ŷ
ĽԹǰȥˣͬеĻ棬ֱ˲ߣȴûɿ٣øӵˡ
ڰУ촽Щɣһºһ󲽣Ҫǰߣ־ͻȻסˡһ˲˶סˣЩŵĿԱߵˣȻ¥̫ڣһֻŵֻƹ⳯ϣ谵ֻ
ţǺǰһһ㶼˿µ
ǰֱӰδ˦߳˾ͺˣȻڻкڳ
ϻʱ䣬Ľ˵£ɶ˵ǾǺӣźӵ泳ܣ֪Լ׵Ǹåܹǲ̫ʵģһӰˣǿһӵ¡
һĽĽһߺȻδûɿ˼˼¶û
裬˵ѧУʳҪˣһȥɣҰ͡ǰĽͻȻڡ
һûͷһԡ
Ǿôˡ
Ľ˵ڻͷˣ˵ʱʱ죬ֻ̰˶ֵͲĹⱻ·ס¥ٴһƬڰ
ֻûˣĽվڱǵͳ̨׵λãͷǡ
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Ľ񣺡ԣ
ȥҸ㡣δ˵
Ľһ£ΪʲôһȥֿǸ֮ʶתˡ
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Цһ˭˵ģԺҪٸҲǰкͶֶţ㡣
ǰкͿ𣿡δȻó˼ά
类ʵһҭϵȶһǰкҲ
ҾͲкˡδóۡ
һҪ˵ʲôһͷɢʶ̧ȥͿδƽֿٵһһ£üʣʲô
ܽκˡδһĶ̧֡
ղűǵգǳûˣ°ģ˺ôľûЦһ㲻ǾԼᱻھһ٣֪᲻ᰤ򡣡
δĬһ˲㲻ϲ𣿡
֪Ӻζ
ֻ˭ʱŶ֣δûʲô飬ѹȴҵĴң
籾öͦ˼ģһµͻȻе㲻ˡȻһͷԭ˳ĳץëëģ˿̵顣
˰죬űһ䣺û㣬ֻǡֻǲף㶼Ҫ˳Ȼˣû»òҸ
Ǿ䡮û㡯δϵĵѹһɨգǻһ㣬һ˾ʵش𣺡ΪұĶ
ţ粻⡣
δ۾˵ʸк;ޣóĴ̼ά֣ͻں̵ܶʱԣΪұĶһ½֮ǰʱʱһЩԴ̼ѪҺɺͶͰ£СĵĿԡ
ʲô߰ģĿģɵĿһ㶼ֹƨۣԼܽġ
Ȼδʵش𣺡һЩԵ鼮Ͽġ
ԺˣǺ˵˵бһֹۣš񾭲ˣһ˹վ·¡
Ľܹʱ粻ڣֵġסһأ
Ѿȥˡδ
Ľü̬ʮ磺ǲǰˣˣ
δĬ
Ҿ֪ѹǵѧ̣׷ҲǺˡĽ˵꣬ΪѵĿܣڣҾͳˡ
׼ֱһδ䵭˵꣬תˡ
ĽƲƲ죬űܸŻˡİһָܷСӣ˳һԼߡ
ʱδڱдʲôһʣӱʼǣ
ĵӿһжĵΪ˽ûٷѹһϿζʼǵˣȻΪôŬ
ȥϴ裬ٹСʱ͹صϢδ
ĽԹ˲ϸжˣϽ·ȥϴ衣δڱдһЩȥ¡
ĽϴʱͿıʼǱϣûôģɿʼǱǰķƤ̫һĵһ˿ɻ
ŵδûԼ߿Сߵδǰƿıӣֻ˺ʮҳʼǣӡ̵ģһժ滹ע
׷ŮʮʽŮԶ㡷
Ľ

 47 

Ľ׵⽹, ռ˵ĸо
£δ
ĽӲĿ˻ıʼǱ֣㶼ҵĲο, ôһͲʱˡ
2019֮ǰ, ҺǸʱˣʱ۸ʺǡδ͡
ĽôһͶ, ֻǡοǾûôס
˯, 쿪ʼҪˡδֿˡ
Ŷ, áĽӦһ, Ҫת뿪, ͻȻδ֮ǰӱʼǣͷһ, ʼ˶Աȣдӵıȸҳһ벻˵ʼǱʸжûкߺá
Ľˣϵ, 軹û׷ϣϰָҲġ
ֹŰοԼ˵֮󵽴, ˼Ӻߺߵķ˸, ɻǺ
ڴϹʮһ˯ţڶʱʹ, ˺ü¶û, ſڴϺŲ۾
ѩˡδ
Ľ͵۾ʮ, 껹û¼ôѩˣ
šδɨһۡ
Ľ˷ܵ·˲ϴ, Ьȥ̨̨ű򿪵˲䣬һ紵˽һ³ˡ
ҹƺ¹һ꣬滹ʪģһζ
ûѩĽãĻͷ
δһȻˣ͸ϽʰҪٵ
ĽΪ·Ū
˽ʱѾλϴǷˣǺ˵ͷǽǻ˯δһۣĽҲ󣬰˸һϲǣɣĬд
ĸ
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ڨЦһûѭ򽥽Ļֱӿʼ
Ѿһˡδ
ʱ˵ˣĽģģһȫᣬԲʧġ
δ΢΢ףŲٸ˵ĻᣬֱתȥˡƲƲ죬һŤͷͿĽ۱飬ɵǳ˳飺ôô
Ͻɣһ״ʮǮҴ˿֪ΪʲôҶ˵֪ʶǽǮˣĽ˵ͿʼͶ뵽ȥ潭ȥͷ
л𣬲֪ҲЩαűˡΧעȫˣ̻ǲǱˣ˯ˣôͻȻˣ
鳼¿ˮϴôͻȻˣ
ϰǱʱ䣬ȻҪĽֱ׳
鳼飺
迴ʲôѧϰĽǿе죬߳ŭĵ˻ȥ
һСܣ
ϴ󶼷ˣô˭ҿһĶѸٰͷŤ˻ȥװһжûιѲʱע⵽ڱ飬Ҳβסľȣվţûע⵽
δ˵ԺԼѧϰʱ췽ҹ̷û뵽ͼ֤漣ˣǡ۵һ˿Ц⣬ȷһ°˵֮תˡ
Ľ米û𾢣ٶҲֻ˰ڿεʱȫˡĽһſϣŰﱳ󣬱˵ֱӰû˵ʱƺ磺裬ҾѧϰҲûôϰһСʱұʮӾˡ
뵱Ҳ뷨ȱ𼱣ͳˣһߵıϤִʣᱳûãǵð˼˽ˣעͣҪġ
˽žˣⶫȫٳӦĽǳš
ȰĹбһۣѧԼġһϰǰεЧʻ㲻ȵڵʱ˾ֻʣԼڿˣĽǳ׷鱾˯
δһпû˵κˣֻǵȵ¿ʱԼĸƵһµص㽻ǣÿһص¶һעͣȻˣϸĻͻᷢһнúͨ׶Ҫǣ˵صʵǲ̫һģ˭һƸ˭һƵصͽͶһ㡣
翴ĵһۣ;ޱǨźӵˡ
ʲôʱģĽ⡣
δƽ졣
죿Ľȣ첻д
֮ǰġδĻⲻԾĺ
ĽȻ¶һ˶ЦݣϱȻһĶ类˺ģ˵ʲô
û¡Ľ̵
ǳ˳飬δص㲻ˡ
Щڵˮƽܿģһڿοһƣÿƺ⣬ǵȫŪ¿ңϻйڽ֪ʶСǽѧϰЧʣδ˵һ£СʹӡᵽϻֱӴӡٿҵдˡ
дӡôרҵģĽĿɿڴ
δֻ˵һ䡰úѧϰ˵תȥˡ
50ǮǵţĽһѧϰ־ʮָ߰ûаδҪһڿѧһƣʱпĿˣһԼˣתһơ
еĶѧʱһŤͷһ붼û꣬ɵһǰ𣿡
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Ľ˼Ұ140࣬120࣬˵ƽĻš100
˵꣬һĵԴϣĽڨڨһЦҿЦģЦġ
ɡбһۡ
ĽΪ⣬һžͲˣȵʱδһȥʳóԷ
ʳѧУӦѧҪרСԸѧģΪûвԼ۸ʳõҪһЩ
Ľ󷽵һѳԵͣڼСӵˣɴҲǳˣһȺֵһԷ
Ľ£չȥѹɾͰ˰ٿǮСûǮԷˡ
û£ⲻѧϰôһʮأĩܻؼҳԷ㹻ˡĽΪš
ɨһۣǲ˵ˡЩţһĶͲ֪жпᡣ
һֱϰĽûٿ飬ȵδǵĿαֻĬдĿĵʱš
Ҫסδ˵꣬ͰС˸ʲôһֲıСյˡ
ôµļ࿼Сߣ˭ҲҷͷдԼġĽʵʱ൱ֻԽдԽգдʱֱһ䶼벻ˡ
ãȻ̧ͷһСľ͸δˣǸϽͷ͵͵һ뷨
ÿƵС飬Ҳ˲٣һſ21⣬ʾ֭˺ܾã֮һȽ֮£16绹Ǻõġ
δ֮ƽĿˣһĲࡣ
мⲻ̫ᡣɰͰ͵
δ⣺ⶼˣͨģе㱡ģȫԣ˵ˡ
ССһһͬĿĽĽ¿ˮִ²ĸо
һϰرģڱģϻᲹΡδ
Ľ
ĬĬװԼڣȻǱcueˡ
ǲһƵɣмҪ㽲һ¡δ
磺á
ĸûеõκνȻصѧСʱֻһ㣬øʦ棬ĽȴҪδദġ
һ죬ڶ˲ҴˣľʣСǰٿһ飬ڼѵĵõһ֡
ÿһ죬ĽһֱúܽĸоΪѧᣬϾҪӰ࣬۵Ϸˡˣļϰδ࣬Ϳʼ̲סиˣЧԽԽͣҲ˸оԽԽۡ
̫ˣѧϰ̫ˣ50Ǯ̫ˣĲСĽſ˫۷ֱ˶߹ˣ϶һ¡
Ҳģǿʼöϰߡ
ҪˣҡĽ˵һ룬ע⵽δſڵţֱˣУҪ
üô
סȻᣬҪһûĸоĽһࡣ
磺Ϣأ
ʣĽѾˣ˲ͱҪδ״
̾ӽȥˡ
ˣδʡ
ģá
δĬһ˲ϰֻҪ42ɣ̣ʱͺˡ
Ҹѧϰ꣬Ҳûʲôϰߡ̾
δ˶٣Ҫܡ
ɨһۣҪ˵¥ĵƾϨˡôϤĳͷһͳֻ¥ݣ̵ߣǿܣѧãҳеʱɼǻǸ̫ãһûУѧķ
Ҳ֪ԼôȥԼһûУżҲ˸еǣԼ䲻δ˳Ϊ֣ıһ棬ǿŬֻų⡣
ҵļƻͷѧüδ
ЦˣôüаҪ߿ˡ
ꡣδ
һ㶣еûס
Խһ룬صԭеʱ㣬аŸ߿㻹ʱ䣬һжüδδҲѾ֤δֹڸС
ٶ˰죬˼ĿڣҲԣ
ûʲôԡδ˵꣬ס֡
һұĶ
ǡ
ڰüڸʲô
ʲôǣδ򶨻ش
磺
Ϊδİ˸֣һ·˳Ĭֱһͬ¥£δſŸֱһۻע⵽ͨĶ䡣
һΪѪһ
δᶯ˶ûп˵
粻ڵĿһͷߡ߰ɣϲǻҪĽ𣿡
š
˽Ӳǰߣ쵽ʱŷʱʱ͵һۣҪֿʱͻȻеΪʲôһҪҺúѧϰѵδҲУǿ±꣬Ͳҽˣ
ȻڲŮѣ˵ĹϵȣӦʸôһµİɣ
δͣ˽Ųת۾ţѹͻȻе󣺡ҾʣϣϾδֶʱı䣬Ҳпܲ
ѧϰΪУΪԺѡУǿ±꣬δĻһһ䣬վʲôҶ飬ĲҪˡ

 48 

û뵽Լ˵һ, ˰֮Ż񣬿һͷһ䣺õǳԶ
ĸ, ֮Զ
δ˵, ˶ͣһ£۾˵ʲô
Ҳһδ򶨲䡣
ȴˣ, ҵĽˣҶ, ˵ʲô˼, ҵӰ
ʱ䲻, Ľڵ, ˡδӲ˵꣬תߡ
缱æȥ׷, ȳռƣ˼ȴҪСܲ׷ϣδܣشңҸ㡭
û˵, δͻȻɲһײˣ֣ͣͣ¸
δûлش, ¿һ, ȷû˺һüëȻһһġ˵תҴ뿪ˡ
û뵽ô, ѧУﶼô, ʱס, ȻعʱδѾֻʣһӰˡ
ȻѾúԶ, ϡܿ͸Ķ⡣
磺ǣ˵׼ǻûɬˡ
ϵ̸ձһǳˢˣȻһѾʣʲôɻǸǰ΢˵㲻ͬδÿ׼ĸϰʱûô־ˡ
ѾȫļƻԼÿȥѧ͹ˣĿǰҲ̫ѡǰδֻһζѧϰûĹʲôѧϰãȻ޴ģͻȻãһҲûʲô
ȥɰҹǿˣڿԾͶ£ĽǶʱҲĵùǺóһʱ䶼ûɡ
΢Щ粻ͬĽһһɥÿĽչҲԽԽֱͣһ죬2117
ҡҾһ°˰ٵʵáĽǰ粻δȻе㺦£ǹ
˵仰˲оΧѹһͣĽĬĬͷ飬ͬʱԼŬÿȻܻһ⣬ڿɿطΧڡ
δƤĽ˼ǣԺѧˣ
ʵ̫ܲһЩ󣬶ǲôҵѧϰģģĽһÿζ˵ҿҪν
羪ȵĿô˵ģ
԰Ұ־ô˵ģȻ֮ǰץѧϰͦϸ񣬵Ҳ͵֮˵ѾСˣԾԼĽֱ׳ѡ
綢˰Σŭδƾʲôܾ֮ԼˣҵڻУ
԰ΪʲôУĽ͡
˵ʣδΪЩӣּͬӣĬһ˲󵭵Ϊ41֪ǳɼóʲôҹţŲܵġ
ĸӶˣе
̯ңǵ˺ˡδ
ĸӶ˵ˡ
ȥΣ⼸µĹζϣͱ˯δ䵭ĿĽһۡ
Ľʱˣһ뵽йζˣܿǱ˯ˣֹԹҲҪ㻨Ǯ˻𣿣Ҿǲѧ
仰˵꣬һƹˤ죬浽ף˵ʲôѧϰˡ
δĿεʵҲҪˣ
Ľһ£͵۾
δȻ֮ǰĹ;͸з쿪ʼÿβϣ͵ʮ巣ͳ飬Լѡ
̫ˣĽ顣
δѹһ
ĽҸգĿ磬漰棬粻װʲô֪ˣһҪڣδҲһ
磺
һϰϿʱ˵ĶԻδתȥúɨĽһۣҺ㡣
㲻ʲ׼һũʲôĽ
ЦҵùҪǹԹԷӣٲ÷Ǯɡ
Ľ֪Ҳ˵ˣﻹǾδ˺ģѵûǮԷˣĿ
ǣû
ѧǰԼһ׬ʮǮԻǮϱǰ󷽣ֻһھͻˣټϹƶ׷ŷԼһҲѧϰˣֱ˼ΣܿǮͼˡ
һҹĽڨڨߵϴδǰڨڨһЦְ֡
˵
ûǮˣԸԷǮ𣿡Ľ˵꣬¶һֺõЦ
δһ£ˣ
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δĬһ˲Ǿͳͷ
£Ľɵۣʶδ˵ʲôʱδѾص˯ˡ
ڶһ磬δŶȥͣδɨһۣûֹΪ
Ľ۾һ̸˹ȥ
ϲȥʳãվȥߣĽ۰Ͱ͵ĸڵ棬ȥ򷹺Ͻռ˸֣
˹ȥۿտҲ棬ֵôû򷹣
ûǮˣġĽ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
ǳ˳飺Ǯأ
ûˡĽЩ¡
ᣬһתˣбԱߵδһۣҪúѧϰҲڲóԷɡ
δش
һԼˮָĽһ룺˾Ҹ򡣡
лл裡Ľжһһ·ǵѧһ
һۣС㡣
ûסûסĽڨڨһЦ͵ͷԷˡ
Ľˣֱ׳Ĳ鲻⣬һٳĲ˵ҪǮýǮϸӹϵ˼δÿοСҲֹֻһƽĽܣĽӲˡ
ֱֻ׳˼죬Ǯͱˡ
һʱĽδԼߣȻ˴磺ʲô
ͷޱĿһۡ˶ˣҲûҪ뿪˼
Ľһ㶣Ϊʲôͷ
㻹˼ʣЦһܹôǮԼںúѧϰʡǮأҪ㲻˵㽻ܹ컨ģ
Ľ֪һӦûǮɣ
˵أü
ĽƲƲ죬˵ˡ
̾ԴϵĺëĳӰҲûˣʲôÿúѧϰ׬㻨Ǯʵûˡ
ô찡衣Ľ޹Ŀ
ɸֵһ£Ͳúѧϰ
ĽıҾǲѧ
ѧѧ£ҲСˣٿˣԺҪҽǮҸϾĸӹϵ׾ݵľ״̬£һǰĴĸ󣬴ͳĸͷһƿ꽴ͷֻˣٹһٷԺ󲻹Ƿɻڴﻹͷ벻Ҫ鷳ҡ
ô𣿡Ľ
綢Ƭ̣ͻȻ¶һ΢Ц뿴𣿡
Ľһбͷģ
аȻİѶ꽴˻ȥֻͷɳ԰ɡ
Ľ
Ƭ֮ͷλҳһû˰Сײˡ
û֧֣ͰͷͲ鳼һ٣ϲСһ٣Ȼôȥǰ취οÿ컹ʮǮıҪ
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ôȥҪˣĽ¶ģҪδ̸һΡ
ļ尾ȴ£ڵȵϰѧûȥᣬֱӻԼңδһ֣ûǮԷˣǮ
ƾʲôδ赭дķʣƺϵһ졣
ĽƾҰ֡
ѧϰ㲻ѧҪǮʱ֪ˣδȻûӣ˵ǧĸı׼䡣
Ľҭһ£۾һת⣬ֱвҪǲǮҲ
ôδ
Ľ°ͣĿҸĹϵµһãǮҾ䣬㣬ԺϴѧˣҲϲ㡣
δ΢Ŀ˵档
ĽһЧӵ⣺ڿЦûУ˽ϲʲôҶһ´׷Ҿ͸˸ô׷ʱûſɱԹҡ
Ϳˣ18껹41꣬ϰֶر裬Ҫߴ磬ֻҪסһ㣬ϰ־Ϳ϶Э
ĽĿδԼġ
δĬƬ̺󻺻ڣûţû𣿡
Ľ
ҹǰʱµĹѧ꣬ԵõʮǮһԷδƽĿĬú󵭵ֻ񵽵ף᲻ö㡣
Ľ
ڻشңѡʲôδ
Ľ¿ˮѡѧϰҰѧϰ

 49 

ȷδ׷ʡ
Ľ̵ͷȷ
òǷ, Ŭδ˵һ£ĵĿһ, ٲ, һῼǺټҪӣʱĻǲ, δˡ
Ľ
һȷԼϰֺĽʵ, δѧǰµ֪ʶ, һֱ賿һŽ
Ҳ, ϶ĽҪһ̱ڴ, һ뵽ҪǰСʱʼ
δɨһۣϵϰ, Ҹ١
ţĽ
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𣿡Ľϲϲе㻳ɣʦͬɡ
һ˵ġδǶ⡣
Ľһô˵, ɵôڣѧϰõľȨ࣬ҪҸʦ˯ȫУ
ףȨδ
ĽڨڨһЦ, ñסԴ
ڶһ, δŵʱȻûĶ˯һСʱ
翴δʱ, ûиĽ, ɵþȵڿǸ, Ūˣ
ѧ̫˯δĿһۡ
һСӲǲЭ𣿡
ʵ˾ͺáδ
һ˿ֻ͸Ҫʵ, ˼ƫƫأ˵һ£ʱǱЩˣѧʲô
ԴδÿΪϺϾϰԵЩ·ȫ֪ôѧϰһ
δһۣϲĺӢﶼˣ
ţˡ
ǾϤһ£ż¿ΣĿϰ֮ǰľͺãϻһ⡣δ˵ţˡ
һĽλø
һڣ˾ͻȥδĶ΢΢ˣһóܵϣĶҸ㽲һ¡
Ŷô˫۾ԼԱߣҲɵýŽ첻ѧ¶Էһϰ붼ˡ
Ѳ̫Ϥ֪ʶñָţδõڶĶ䶼ŷˡ
˼Ϳʼɢˣע֪ʲôʱ򣬿ʼĴϡĶһ촽һ㶼Ըůǿڸкܺõ޻ǡ
ˣ
δͻȻ㶵̧ͷ⧲ȥһ˲ȶ˲ϱŷ
ʱ±סˣžδѹ͵һ㣬û˵ʱףмء
û㡣һ䣬ȴһߡ
Ϊˣδ۵Ц⣬˵ִһʼĴְС֣֪бʮָۡ
Сͨͨһ߾ӦѣһĲ붯Ƭ̺ʱڣɴôˡ
ýˣġδ˵꣬ûǣֽϷҳʼ֪ʶ㡣
磺Ϊʱ˼⡣
ܽٴͶ뵽ѧϰȥֻµȴһֱǣţ˭ҲûҪſֱ߽ʶɿδһ£ĿֻûرߣרעĶʦ
ΪεĵѲһܣΪѵüͷĬƬ̺򲻼ԱߵĿλǰҪһͬѧһӭһ¡
˵꣬Ϳſڣɡ
䣬ղŻһ˵ſһһ˲˰˵ߣŮСľһ˧
üͷһɵÿԷò˵ȷʵһװ˶Ĵӣխֳüƽͦһ˫һЦЦʱܲԾ۽ǣ·ʱʱ̶̿ڷŵһ㣬ѹһžɧ
˽Һ󣬵һ۱ǿλãԭڴһ¾ͶˡһûбĿ۵һ˿Ⱥ󣬱㹴һζЦ
ܳôϴҪ鳼ֹһ䡣
⣬̿ôйڣ
ҲǸһϴʶģ¶鳼˵ţ°ָָ㡣
һĳ̼Ⱥģ˽йȪϴͷˣо͸ϴӵţ˶ʹܣûôϵˣҲԷ֣ʱǷһԱȡߴúúõôͻȻѧУˣ
ݿɿϢСߺ˴ܱѧУѧˣԲŻʱתѧСӲмĺһǲ֪תǰʲô˼ˣµġ
һɵ´̨ϵļһʱòÿˡĽ鷳ģÿ
߶ʱ򣬹ȪѾҽ꣬λֻ־Աиλɡ
ʦһԱҪˣʱˡ
ξĿһۣѵΪһ˵ķ㣬ͬѧûط
죬ίͰ͵Ĳ˵ˡɼǵԴ꼶һλȻѾǰһôˡ
μûˣùȪԱߣȰѧ֮Լת뿪ˣһ
ȪһкϷˡ鳼˷ֱܵӬ֡
ĿһۣŸתѧӦòھͿʼ°ɣ
ǲ˽鳼ٺһ֡
绹ʲôһֱͼ鳼м䡢ʼճĬδͻȻˣܸȤ
ǵûУǾתǰ಻ɺϣĽ鷳ڵ
δĿŻͣڣûĽ
˵ͷҲǡ
û˵꣬ǰͻȻһ죬Žٴΰ˶Ǳ߿˹ȥ
ֻһŵվѾˡͬѧȪЦеǲӣҾˡ
ȫͬѧ
ۿһ죬ŭƾʲôŪҶЩж֪𣿣
һ䣬ҾͰ¥ȥȪһӢ̲ƣ·˵õõ
סˣ˰ƲİԼǲҶԹȪԼĹˡ
ٴֻǴҵ̲סƮû֮ǰˡ
Ѿ˳Ⱥˣֻô˴ԱߵδѹҪײа˶סĽˡ
ҰˡδǼ⾡ʱͷϵζɵóһ˿ǶԹȪûĸо
΢΢ҡͷСǸݽɫҪרűĽģԺˡ
δһۣٴסָ⣬̫˵¡翴һۣͻȻȣһͷҲûٹתѧˡ
ϰ¿εʱĽֻδڰ󣬲ɵúأ
ȥԷˣһ𡣡δ˵žվ
Ľ˵ͷͻȻ뵽һ⣺԰֣ûǮˣͳԵͷԼȥԷֳͷɡ
ᣬǮδ
Ľ̷ϣûǮˣϾĸͷˡ
ʵĸǸģΪ˷ֹ䷹δһž޲۾ﾹȻ͸һ˿ͬ飬绹ͻõͷһƿ꽴
ĽΪ˲ҿϣǷѾĻ
û磬˵ĻҪƽʱٺܶ࣬һ·Ĭ쵽ʳʱδͻȻڣתѧ
ʱϲµģôתѧĽʡ
δ˵ԭѧУˣתġ
ôͣ˭ĽеȤˡ
δͣƬ̣Ȫ
Ľ͵ͣ£˭
Ȫδظһ顣
Ľ
ʳҪһһ뼦ʳƵĳŷڿҪҪδʱĿλͻȻһˡһ¿ȥһû뵽
Ӵתѧ֪ǳԼģЦЦԷ
Ȫ棬͵ĿһһİֻʣһʱЦЦĿڣͬѧθô𣿡
԰ɡ˵Ϳʼƺÿԣ˵ûʲôӰ졣Ҳǣ˵ٺÿԣܺÿùδȥ
ȪôԼеȤŨ񣺡ͬѧ⣬Ľǰ𣿡
Ȼ翴һۡ
ȪյýЩôܸңΪʲôǰ࣬ȴרλ𣿡
һ£ĿӣЦеĿ¡

ȪôͻȻתǰࣿһΪңһǣĽ˻ûȥ鷳ҲˣתһҪŪ
עǡδ
Ľ˲໰˻ȥһԹ֣رᣬؿ϶ǳģʱһ۸ҡѧϰô죿
Ҫǰˣڵ趼ߣþòҴ˵໰ˣԸȪ϶ŵġ˵ˣҪһǣҪǹȪƶұÿѧϰ϶ҪЦġ
֣취ŪߺòãĽеĿδʱҲֻܿˡ
δɨһۣ˼תѧҲû£ƾʲôߣ
ѵ㲻𣿡Ľۡ
̫ɣδشֻǵɨһֱۣӽʳˣĽȤӣƲ˹ȥ
ĳдһ㣬δһ߽ʳôĿ㱻ǰԷˣЦ۾һ£ע⵽
֣ʲôĽĸ
δᡣ
ţĽĿ
δƽĺӣҲǸйȪתѧ
Ľ

 50 

, ĽԱͬȪظһĻ˵Ц, ͬһ㲻Ĺ, ʲôʱ򻻳ɸƯѾͷˣ
ü
Ȫ𴽽ǣ˼ĶƬ, еЦŨȤһλ𣿡
ûСæź󼸿ڵͷû̧
ȪҲżôܾ, һû˵ҵ, Բʧġ
Ŷʲô˼Ҫ¸, ƶȻȤ̧ͷ, ׼ô
Ȫһ۹˵ţֻȸһɢһλ, ҵѡ
磺
ģȻͦףŮӻᣬŮ, ԿġȪĿڣ˵ķӦ
Ȼ粢û¶˵ı飬ЩһѾĿ
Ȫһ, ϵЦ⵭ЩǲԸ, ǿң
̾ĳĿڣǸ, ٰ
ʲôȪĻ
գգ۾ٰ
ҽйȪ, ˭˵ҽдٵģȪ
ü𣿹ȫ, ǸͦĻġ
Ϲȡš
ôϹȡˣҾͦáͻȻĽ, ҪͷʱĽѾԱˣδһ£һһҰм䡣
ȪĽеЦЩӴⲻϴôôûǰﹷһ𣿡
Ҫܣ١Ľ֡
ȪϵЦ˲ûˣһ˫һһ׺ݵĶĽĽҲ˻ȥֻĶͼ߸ɵԷ
ɨһۣŤͷδû𣿡
šδӦһûҪȥò͵˼Ǹղʲô
ŶҲûʲôһλûͬ⡣ڵ
δֻ
԰ɻĿһۣʲôɵġ
δƬ̣ȷûº΢΢ͻЩԵʲô
ĻͦóԣҪԵĻȥٷָҼûԱ¡
δ΢ôóԣ
ţĺóԡЦ
δƬ̣õϢ
ֻĵĶԻʱҲάֲסŵ棬ЩĿǡȪδһ£΢ȵĿڣĽʧɢֵ𣿡
ƨ£ϻࡣĽһ㶼
ȪһĿδ֮ɨһȦͻȻζŮѣ
š
ǡ
˵ͬʱֻšһδôżĳ壬ղŵһɨա
һĿ˹ȪһۣˡӻأȻ໰ٻҪ˼һ½⣬ܵĽЩ
ѽǾͺáȪЦеĿ磬͸ղŵĶˡ
δ䵭ĿһۣеùȪһ㶡ĽһʲôɺõģԶ㡣
Ȫ񣺡ôʲôֲ˵㣬òǡԼѻ˵һ룬ͰԼ˵ˣӦЦЦĿĽǰ㣬ѹֻҸŮĵͬˣ
ĽЦһϹʲôӹ
ȪƵĿһۣŹ𴽽ǿ磬еݿ˹ȥͬѧ𣿡
ƨ£Ľŭ
ȪȻûԱǰɣߣ㡣
ӵ衭õ룿Ľըëվ
ȪƺϲըëӣõĿ⡣
⡣
ʱ˶һ£ٿδֻĮĽһӳˣֻƽĿ磺ûԱ
ϻͳһܱ𣿡ĺӣȫûղõĿӡ
δ򡣡
Լȥü
δ˵ˣֻǳĬĶǳ˳飺аɣȥ򣬻Ҫ𣿡
ҪδҲ
Ľ̲һ䣺ҲҪлл
翴һۣһ䡰鷳ֱȥˡ
һߣֳվͳδĮĿ˹ȪһۣԶ㡣
Ȫδֱ׵ҲֻǶסĿ˰κ𴽽ǣôļ
׽ĽͷϽ
ȪŲԸߣδðȻǲڳмҳϣԲԣҼǴˡ
ĽһϵǸйܵͦϣһμҳᣬϰ辭ֻȥȪҲСֺʹһ뵽йϡĽϽƨݣAǣɵٲǾҳ񣬾ΪԼɡ
˭֪ӦǼǴˣȪĵĿĽһۣ˵ôûͲܶ˵㣿
ҲͲˣϽĽ
Ȫбһۣƺ湻ˣת뿪ˡ˺ܾãĽ˳üͷδ֣˵ǲǺܷˣ
ţܷδ
Ľߺߵ£ô죬Ū𣿡
͵ôŪߣδʡ
ĽһҲǡ
絽ǰʱ˽˶ԻϽӹͿʼԡΪȪ£ͽʱǰ࣬ȵʱѾˣһҾע⵽ԭλԱߵӲˣĽλõߵȴǶһӣ˿̹ȪԱߵļ鳼š
ӴˣȪĽ֡
ĽĿһۣʲô
ģ־ͬѧͬһڿΣѾˣΪĽֻܵȪ˵һһԸӡ
ΪûԼʦλ鳼̲𴩡
Ȫһ֣ǻЦЦţʲôֵõ˵
衭鳼һ߿ӾҪһסˡ
λϵĳҲ˲ţϽܹȥסֻб˴С򲻹
鳼鳼ҪȥɣĽĽһź޺޵վˣûǰһ
Ȫ鳼湻µģĽҲû㵱
ĽһҪըδһѣ̣üͷʣŲŲߣ
ŲȪƵЦ
ĽЦһֱӰһӣȪϵЦ˲ʧһ̱¡
һսʼʱһֻСĽǰߣһһ߱Թ϶Ͽˣʲôǵõʦһһ٣Ľǻλãʹٲˡ
δҪŹȪ΢΢һ
ҽСȪܵĻĳƺһͿ
ɨһۣĽƵǽǺԼҪԱ£ȥͱδм䡣
磺
Ľ
δڡ
ô˵˵֣еûţϽ˵ͷȥǰˣδɨ˹ȪһۣĽԱˡȪĵӣӷúˡ
ô˳۵һ˿ȣҪ֪һСʱǰΪ㼸仰ҪˣɱĽӣȴûǼɵԷǡأ
紧ȪʱĽѾˣ˿̿Աߵδֳĺڡ
ϰһ
ڿѧɣмʽǸϰһ¡δ
Ľ¿ˮû˵˹ȪĳЦӴĽ㻹ѧϰأû뵽
ǰҲѧôˣĽ˻ȥȴе˵Ķˡ
Ȫһû˵ˣеıڲסĽûֻһսδ˳ķ顣
Ȫ״޼ɵ㻹ͦܣôģ˵ѧʲôѧʲô
衭ĽĿȥȴΪмŵδ˲ѻȥƵĳ
Ȫӣ̲ס뼤ŭ˵ʲô̼ĻʱδͻȻҪ
Ȫ֪ΪΣÿζδ̲סһ£ǳϲָо˵͸ⲻƫҪţôģ
Ľ̣һԼ˵ôţ̱Ҫ𣬹ؼʱȴδ¡
ŵѧʱ̹עҲ⣬ȪĻﶼʮֲá
Ȼδ壬ƽʱôںѧȴǳߣ˿̿Щڵһڿͷϵģλ¸صʦΨɼۣѧϰõѧúأ
ڼɵʦֻ񾯸Ȫң񶼸ˣֻ֧Ŷ˾ȪٹȥһƴԴ
Ȫ֪Լֻδһ䣬ѾԲ˶ѪȻ棬˿̻⣬óֻС֡
󾯸һΣ㡣δ
Ȫ𴽽ǣشһΣӲ
ǶԻüͷĽڱıԵƵδ侲Գȵľ֣йעߵ˶һ£Ҫʲô
ڽεʦģδ̺ɫʣôˣ
ʦѧϰδȼᶨ˵ʱ˲޳ָָָԱߵĹȪ
Ȫ
ˣҲУ
ǻô꣬С¶н⻹ǵһμ˸ʦ״ġ

 51 

ʦһ˴ĺѧѧϰ, ʱ㱩ŭˣ˭Լúѧϰˣѧϰվ̨
Ȫ״ˣʦ, û˵, ԩҡ
ܣһ꼶һôȥԩһʦ, վ
Ȫ
ˣҪǻʦܻùȪ粵, ɶΨɼ۵ʦ, ȴûʲôɽ, ˭۸ĺѧ, ɡ
϶Ҳһ㣬ԲŻа, ̫ˣֱ̫ˡһипһ߿Ž̨˵ĹȪˬ
ģĪĽ, Ž̨ϵĹȪֿŵı
רģδע, ֪Ϊʲôϲ𣿡
ΪʲôĽ̡
δһۣΪһը, δζ㶼лӦȻԽԽ
̲ס, Ƶͷ, Ҫǲ, Ǹ⣿Ľ
δش𣺡ᡣ
Ϊʲô
˵ʱǻᷴ˸гɾ͸, ڵһģδʡ
Ľһ£е㲻̫ûش⡣
ȻܣΪʲôеģδʡ
Ľ¶ĺʲôοһ䣺ǡǳЦѧϰô죿
ѧϰˣѧϰҲˣδͳʮ˵ѧϰҪѧϰˣŶˡ
ĽҺҲЦ񡣡
δĬһ˲㳰ճΪŬѧϰ¡
ˣĽȻ׸ôˡ
δѾ֪ˣûٶ˵ֻ⡣ԼѧϰĽٶȾͿˣӴֻǴã΢㲦һ£ѧϰЧʾ͸
һڿνȪĴӽ̨һ仰ǣĽұΪģû뵽㻹ѧһڿΰ
Ľϰֽ̻壬ֻ赭дɨ˹Ȫһۣſ˯ˡϿεʱϰּල㶼˯Ҳֻ¿εʱ򲹾ʱ˵ǹȪҲ
Ȫһȭ޻ϣһº˯ʲôôҽҵĻˣ
ſŵĽ˸ۣӺúѧϰʲôġ
ȪһûõӦٴľҲûˣûȤλϣû֮ǰˡһ죬ôƣĽҲѧȫȪһȺмһµԽԽһ۶ˡ
֣ġڹȪȥʱĽ鳩δֹһ䡣
δһָۣ˵ĺ󱳡عͷ
ʳҸ򡣡δʡ
۾һû˵ĽһҳҳԣҽѧÿˣҪúòһ
ҲҪԱܡ֡
δܲԣ̫ˡ
Ҫ˶Ρ
δŲ˵ʲô˽һȥˣȪʱûˣֱ˳㣺أ
ЩʲôӺãֺ͹Ȫǰͬѧһֻܺķܡ
Ȫһ֪ǲˣɵЦһˡ
һȥ˳УδֿտգʣһһӳԵģһܵҵĻӭ
ǳ˳飬۾ŹСӵӣҶ˼ָˡ
үôĺ˼ģҳϴģСӺٺֱ֡
鳼Ҳ̸ͣҲϴģүǵԵĻԼɡ
κ˶ҪװǰһǮĽ
Ľٳûзʳ˼СֻѣϴƬǸİɣ֪Էζġ
Ǹҵġ鳼̵ҲʼԵġ
ĽͷİѴӸǣԼȥ
ллϴ󣡡Сӽӹӣ˲䱻һȺ˸Χסˡ
ĽƵĻصǽ£ЦĿһۣԼͳһ԰ɡ
ллĽӹȥĴӡ
㻹Ҫʲô
Ľ̵Ƭ𿪸ҳԵ㡣
Ҫ̫ġδһۣӿڴͳֽһ˷һš
һԵĹȪĽôĸŮҪԵģ۵һ˿ȣͬʱȷһ뷨ֻǡ˼ĿδЦһ
˼˳ҲˣȻζҲһģǲ֪С⣬˭ĿˡȪԾģɿ³ԹһͻȻˡ
ڰԼʳӣһ̧ͷͶϹȪ˵һۣһºʣ㿴Ҹʲô
㳤úÿȪЦе
䣬Աߵѹͬʱ
֪СûʲôģһڷܣллҲÿ
δϢ·˱˪ɪɪֵĿһۣôˣ
û¡δĮڡ
磺һ㶼ûء
Ϊδֻһʱã˭ֲ֪һֱûл⡣
ʱ䣬Ľƨƨߵ׼ŰȥԷδޱİݿԼȥԡ
ΪʲôĽ⡣
δҺлҪ˵
ŶʶԣĽʶʱĵ˵ͷ鳼һֱԹ˵Ҳһˣҽȥǣһǵ֣Ŀ𣿡
ȥɡδֻ֡
Ľ۾һԱİʾŤͷˡ翴ʧıӰΪɣĸоͶδǰԶˣִͷԷɵӣ˼ֱһģһ
˲ֻʣˣһδ㵽ôˣʱ򲻻úõ𣿡
δһۣȥˣֻø˹ȥδûгʳߣȥ˽ѧ¥棬Ǳ߿ŲٳԱ߻һС֣ʱһûʲôˡ
ĸں棬ԽԽ٣˼δΪʲôʱѾ֪ߵСӦʱļ͵رסĽһ˲ڿգź󱳱㿿һôֲڵĴϡ
һ˲һϤĲľϢסĴ͵ĿſüһʲôչδĲרģͷƵҧһ£˲˺󱳣ĺߺ
ȻԽδԽԵعζԺһֻĺ󱳡ģİ£δǽ£һζĽġֺá
ֺãõʵʱԼһôҲֺܰδϵһ𣬿ʵȴˡ
һ೤ǽ˵ϢЩȣ翴δһղɵÿʼȡãĿ۾ƽʧЦú졣
δ
ǲٶԼĶ䣬δֱӸ˹ȳֻö࣬˿ȴƫҪļϣһֻСĴ󹷡
㵽ôˣһμδʵͬʱ̲ס
δãҲÿ
㵱Ȼÿ˵һ룬ΪʲôˣЦͬʱЩǰ㣬ҵʱֻǸһ£㻹ˣ
δ
εƿԼӣſЦõ㻹δôоռԴˣ
Һ˭ÿδȻִš
ҲȻÿһˡ
δˣָһ£ȿˮű߰ɣȥԷ
紽ϻָľګĵ˵ͷһˡٳϻûˣķ紵ϣ侲ˡ
δһǰһʳߣղŵܽӴ˭Ҳûٿ˵簲ں濴δ춪Ķ䣬ԽԽú档
͵˿쵽ʳʱ㼱Ҵҵ˳ײһ£ϽϴȪʳôˣǿȥȰȰ
δͬʱһ٣ű󲽳ʳȥ
ǵʳʱȪĽ϶ЩʣѾ˸ˣȪһϱһȭ˿ģԭķһ㶼ʣˡĽҲòȥǺͱ϶ˣһ֪ȪҲû顣
˿񶷺۹һ㣬ȻѾˣȴŶԷп׼͸Էƴһ˼
üߵĽߣôˣ
ܣҽŪɡĽˣȻŭ˼¡
ȪЦһҲһ䲻ãб¾˭Ū˭
衭Ľ˵žҪǰ壬ȪҲһʳһٴ̵ֱ˰˴ߣ²ƽϢ
ΰ칫Ҵ˴죬ֱιߡ֮ٲһȻصʱѾѧʱˡ
Ϊʲôܣü
Ľ߷ߵĺ˹Ȫһۣû˵ǹȪζЦһ˵׷㣬ˣ͸Ҵˡ
һ£Ȼû뵽ΪԼ
Ȫſϣ۽΢΢磬׷𣿡
£ŵĴѧ壬Ȼɫôÿ鳼СȭͷүʲôˣҲǹȪһФģ
衭ĽҪδס
δ䵭ĿŹȪܡ
磬ֲݵģôһĻشôȪü
δҪʱĻҪ׷ң
԰𣿡Ȫ𴽽ǣǡ÷ѧǰŵ˶½½ˣֻʣºŵ˻û
һľܾ˼ˡ˵겻ɨδһۣŤͷʼʰ׼ˡ
ദôã֪¿Цˣ˿̵Ļһöը˶ȪЩȣҲˣֺʲôʱ¡
һƬУֻδţһӷ·ڲμӻ飬ֻһ˫õѪ

 52 

˵ĺܵ, Ǹûȣֱӻᣬһֱվ̨ϵľǰ, ſԼ͸Ųĺ, ۾ȴ
һԺЩ߰Ķ, ˶ȥϴ衣Ůϴϴͷкܶ裬Լϴĳʱ, ѾǰСʱˡ
ˮͷ춼ݵ, 춼ȥͷ, ֻǼ򵥵ëһ, ̱Ϸ֪˶ãֻ, ϷͿʮǰδĶţ¥
һ飬Ͻ˹ȥֻֻͱͨˡ
ι, 𣿡ĽͲﴫ
üôӵģأ
Ұָղųȥ˰ûֻ, ֪ȥ, ڻûĽһ, ʲô𣿡
һ, Ͻû, ˰ɡ
衭
ĽĻ˵һ룬͸Ͻѵ绰, ͷϵëһЬ˲ϻ㼱Ҵҵ¥ܣ¥ºҿȴҲδʱѾӽʮˣ¥һ˶ûУĴתһȦûҵˣҪתȥˡ
һתﴫһң
һͷڰ󣬶ʱЦõӭȥǲëΪʲôҡ
һûü㣬ҪȥˣδɫĴΪʲôͷ׸ð
ĵһۣ뾾ⲻˣͻȻʲô£
㡣δڵλøպ·ƵǣһƬ谵Уֻ۾ΨһĹ⡣
պͻȻ΢¿ˮͨͨʲʲô£
䣬ŮЦʹ˹Լ˺˲һݡʱδײˣɾ˵ˡȻҲûʲôлĸ浽ʦǰҲͽ鷳
ʱδĴͻȻס첲ͬʱһֱӵΧǽϣ˶ʱȫںڰ֮С
㡭
ꡣ
ŮǵԽԽֻñ죬֧Ŷǵֱǽ¥ŷһɣŷԼſδ˫ֶļϣ̬ܵѾκһΡ
˲ˣæҵҪȴΪ̫ûվȣһײδһģ
ҲûУյĿһۣҪһƿȴڻﲻܶ㡢̫֣Ͻ˵ʲô£Ҫ˯ˡ
һ£δһ¸첲õıţ˵ԼˣǸ˭
磺
˵
Ŀһۣ㡭
䣬ͷ㱻һ£±Ƶ̧ͷ֮ľ벻ʮס
˭δʡ
磺
˭δ꣬Ǽһ¡
ٲشһʲôطƺö˵ˡ¿ˮ㡭
δɿŵ󲽣ְȫһһŴʣǸ˭ѧģ
Щ顣δƽĻش
۾ֻǿ飿
δĬһ˲ҲЩζĵӾ磬2019֮ǰľڵʾЩǲӰۿ
磺أóʲô飿
ܶ࣬Ҫһ㣬ǰһ仰ֳʮ䣬Ůϲ߶ԣ˵δü۵һ˿ʵĲ⣬˵Ҳصʲôϲģ
ڱǰͶ˲١üѹܾøͨ˳ˣΪ˵ˡ
û취Ҫ֤ڱҵ֮ǰֻܶµ㹦ȻǲΪʲôϲδ˵һ£Ƭ̺۵һ˿Ц⣬Ч
磺å£åĻرóܽå
δ۾һգգĿԼƽʱǸյصӣ˿ȴֻС¹һ㣬ֻ۸һ¡ôţԾǰһ类һ͵֮ľٴ
ֲ㡣δѵ͸һ˿Ρ
Դˣһ侲֮۾ʣ£ڶʲô
δȻôתƻ⣬Ǻͮͮģ֪Ҫǰ۸úˣƵü첻ԼǼþգûٶ
˵һ˿ɻҪʱĴе࣬һûúѧΪλҲüˣ
磺
ҲˣǮĽ˵ûʲôãԺֱӸĳɳ飬ٻǰĺӢϤһ£֪ͨһ£ٳͰ֮ǰĿĺӢﵥʶһ顣
磺Ͳ
ԣ֪ô𣿡δһ
ǳ˳飺úѧϰϡ
δǸһ㻡ȣأ
С߳˺ڰ¹ϣǳЦûϢ˻뵽ԼڵĴ󣬶ʱǰУΪԺרѧϰԺԶ㡣
̫ˣһ뻹˼СһҪˣ֪Ͳˣһվȥɡ뵽޺޵ĿһۣСŻˡ
δĿԶߣ̵ۻأصʱĽڴЬƺš
ʲôȥʡ
Ļ̌ͷһ֣ȥˣ׼ȥأ
е¡δûش
Ľ°Ьˣӵδǰ£ղŸ绰ˣҪҪعȥ
ʲôʱ򣿡
Ľһ£ССʱǰɡ
δ˶٣û£ûء
ΪʲôһġĽһŭʵ㱳Ҹ͵͵棿
̫ʵδЩԶԣĬƬ̺ҺǺϷޡ
ޣҲԺ£ڵǸ޹СɰǸӰҪ׷ҲõȵбҵԺ󣬲ȻŻô죿ĽϵľԼϰ֡
δĬˣ֪òøе޹СɰΪ׷ԼһСåɵ¶ˡ˼Ǿάڶе󣬲˵ˡ
˵𣿡ĽԼɵЩ
δˡ
ڱ֤бҵǰ׼ٴ⡣Ľʮϸ׵۾
δƬ̣ҾڸõĵĲҡ
ʲô˼
Ȫδɫһ֣ǻ׷ˡ
һ֣ĽҲãú໰δסˣҪˣжֽھܾ϶˼ǣһǸ̬
δ˵ʲôȴһ仰עá˵Լǽڣ
Ȼˣڻʲôأô㲻ֻѻҲŰɣȻԷԼ׵Ľ̲סЦ
δ֮ǰ׳άһʲô
֣û취ѹȪŪ𣿡Ľʡ
δС
ʲô취Ľ۾һ
δİ취ΪΪûҲô
ŶĽɥˡ
δһۣĵĲ䣺ɧ裬µǵþ
ҲģҲУڻܸߣʲô취Ľʡ
δеġ
Ľһ£Ŀδ۵һ˿Ĺ⡣
ڶģٽԽԽˣ鲻ĵڶ£簡ͬ
簡һºڿ۾ϴвܽҿ𣿡
Ȼǰģ㻹ǴӵһϿʼɣδģûʲôҲܿö󷽵ķָ
ɫ𣿡
ţȥڰ֣˸Ƿαδ˵Ժ󷣳飬̼˵ɲСԽôҲ͵ˡ
һϰڱжȹһ¿θҪȥԷǰͶһС⣬ɻ̧ͷϹȪ˫һۡ
£ü
С⣬͵˭𡣡Ȫ𴽽ǡ
缦ƤҪˣһʣϸʹԽģζ黰˭ѧģ
㲻飬ҺİȪ嵭˵ţ鿴жģһ˫۾ʱʱĽǱƺ̽Էĵߡ
Ľﱩ꣬뵽δĻˣ磬ȥԷɡ
ãӦһѵⶪعȪСѣӵ䶼ԵˣԺٸЩûõġ
ȪҲգЦЦѵˣǰһĽֱ¶ı顣
ӬһĽƵ
бһۣȻ֪ǲӬͱˣΪղҪˣȻûУֵñŶ
Ұ̵ֽģұһʶ佱ˣĽı
羪ȵĿδôϴԣ
֮鶯֮δƽ
һ㻹ͦȰסǲ֪Чôˡ
İ裬Ұ˵öԣԽԽһֱû˼ˣ㣬ҲΪңֻҪͲˡĽЦ
ĺһ£Ҷӣ
˵˵Ľһ£δһۡ
һ죬ĽȻ˵ܹȪʲôʽƣûзȥ类ȪùǺСӺͲ֪ʲôе͵һĹ򣬰ξҪ̸ˣ췢ģβȷ˲𻨣ǻؽˡ
һκˣ˲ڵʱ͵͵δҵ׷ʱҲô𣿡
δͷ
ɵĿһۣģ
š
ƭңһʼ׷ʱ㻹ϲأʱ϶ҷòС֪֮绹еģǸʱ൱Сѧ˱һ붼ͣ㿪ʼӰһɡͲֱͣ޿ײ룬ȹȪĸӡ
ͲǸʱδ
ϲˣ͹Ƕλģ粻εĿ
δֲסʣ˭᲻ϲ̫
סͻȻˣյҸ˵ģΪʲôҪķ
δĬһ˲ʲô󣬶⽥ˣϻһĽͣ˵̫ʣǶʡ

 53 

ĳĬ֮, δڣѹѧϰЧʲߣЩ߰ģڴ涼ռˡ
ܺõȥ, 붮̧ܡ
δĬһ˲Ҳһ
ʲôһ粻
δڴ㡣
˵Ӳã, 漴뵽һ⣬ϲ̫, Ľԭ˼
δһ£ˣǡ
, 㲻˵, ǾһʱȡҶû뵽ôϲҡĿ
δö, ȴǵ˵ͷǡ
һôˬĳ, ̴ȤȥˣƬ̺̾, ˵ЩζˣҿһԽȻĻ֪Щ˵ôˡ
ᡣ
ţ
δ۾ںڳģ翴һġ
һ¡
ҷ, һʲôط⣬ҵ⣬ͻġδһ䡣
翴, һЦš
ȥԷɡշ黰Ѿ, δѵдʱ򣬰˵ôһ䡣
ǵ㲻˼, ˵Էº, ҪĽһ, δ뷨ס鳼ȥˡ
߰ɡ翴һۣСߵʳȥˡ
δ΢һ, ƽĸһͬʳʱѾò͸߷ڣûôŶӱ˷ʶʳĽһȦһ俴ǹȪ
ôһһ¡
һֱһδ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥǱߵ˺󣬽˵˳Ϊʲôһ𣿡
֪ȥ˵ţѲһš
δס󣺡˵ʲôҪ˵ȥ
ȪҪô죬ϴѾǹˣٴ¾͵ͣˡĲ¡
δĬһ˲ᣬĽ
ĽôõƢü
δԶеģԵġ˵绹붯һµܲһֱϵʱ򡣡
粻̫ͬ뷨ɼ֣ǱĽҲãֻˡ
һ㡣δ˵ţԼеţи
ĲɵĿĽǱߣҲûδʲôȻͷʱδֻɵúˣڸ
û£Էɡδֻ
ŶһʼԼǰţ棬ʱʱĽǱ߿һۣúõĳԷ¾ͰЩǱ߿Ҳôˡ
һٷһһ￴ȥʱĽ͹Ȫȴˡ
ǳˣɵʡ
δĬһ˲ղһȥˣȥɡ
Ŷȥˣһô˵վ
һͬʳãδ벽ǰ·ϡٵĽѧ¥ȥ˼ͻȻòԣô֪
δһ£Ľˡ
˵ʲôˣҿʡ
δһۣûаֻͳ˼ûʲôֻ˵ȪҪȥѧ¥󣬺ʲôҪ˵ĵûʲô
ȪԼȥ⺢ôһ㾯ĶûСüͷԾó˵
δûнӻ
̾Ҳû˵ˣδѧ¥ߣ쵽طʱδͳֻ£·ŻضûߵսǴʱͻȻȪһȣĽǲǷˣ
һ̳˹ȥžͿȪĽһһǸʲô
ĽһȪûһȭϣ򼸲Щûվȡ
ӱᣬһѪںȥסĽһ̧ͷ㿴ѵǣʱ˶ˣȪӣ
ȪԼʱһĪȷӦʱѾˣĽײеӣɵһɪ˵δߵ֣ƭ裬᲻ᱻ᣿
ֻҪ¶ڣͲ㡣δ۾һֱŹȪҪֺĽһ¡
Ľʶϳ壬Ȫͱſˡ
ܳʲôˣһʼʹƣȪֱѪû뵽СģҧһʲôԲ˵ر
ЦһүүҶӣòͷˣ
˭ӡȪ첲סԴӿ϶￴ɵվŵĽռû
⣡Ľֱ׳š
ȪѪˣղϰһȭͿϣһ¾һѪĭȻأͦ˵ġ
Ľ¿ˮһ˵δߣ֣᲻
зִ磬δƽĿűñͷܵĹȪɢãܵոѵ֪費Фġ
һҪ׷أĽüʡ
δ嵭ɨһۣô̵ˣԼӱˣôܻ֮ǰһ͵ġ
Ľǳϰ֣鴫
˵ĿյȪܵԺ棬˴Ϣأ侲һ£ҽͣ
ʲôɽ͵ģĽѾˣ㻹֪ôŭ
ȪֱĪʲôʱˣ
һ춼£ҪǲˡĽһȭʱӣòС
ȪֱЦˣһ춼£ʲôƲ𣿱һרʱҽе˵ң˵ԤıѾã
ˣһֱ㣬Ͱƭ᲻˵ߵڰףߵڰ׵Ľ۾գĿڡ
ĿȪȪ㶣βŵĿĽң
ҡĽҲϻίͰ͵ĸ״
ЦһֱϻԳȪ˹ȥһΰᵹһţٸĽҼһδһΡ
Ȫ˿̾ưͳԻҪƫƫ˵ڣΪһҪ˵ͻȭͷǸģҲ÷ˡ
ûУۡ
ȪĿĽһۣһˡ
˵һ飿͸Ũв
Ȫһ£ԸĿڣˣ
תȥĽĽίյ죬翴˿ڣ㿴۵ģҵʱˡ
ȶ֣Ȫۡ
вĻͷɨһۣŲԸı졣Ľ۵¶һ˿⣬Ƶúܾöòˣ˿϶ҪȡЦҡ
ģȥҽҩͿһ¾ͺˡο
Ľһ±ӣͿ
á뵽ɵһ컹ᣬĸ׵ľ۵òС
ȪһĻԲģ̲סǷ˵һ䣺Ľ񲻶ģô
ǰУĽ˵ţһ衣
ȪĶˡ

 54 

һڴ̼òĹȪ, һϰʮʵûɧĽѧϰҲ˵, ѧֱӻ, ۶Ӷû
ǷˣǱأ鳼ɻ
СӺٺһ֣, ϶Ǳүѵˣһ, ҿɲԼĵġ
ôȷүѵ, ϴϴҲ, ӦǸˡ鳼һһĽ
Сбһۣϴ, ȻǱ벻ˣԲһܴ̼ӡ
˵Ҳǡ鳼űҪĽ֤, һŤͷĽӰӶûҵ˵ֻʣС
ĽߺĲ磬ȥҽҲУֺЦ, ȴǸδȥˡ
·ϣЩεƣУҽƾ, Ҹȥʲô
ȥҲ, ҲУҽѧУУҽرѧ, ÿοرصͿҩĽ
һۣǾ
, ҵҲᡣǸëܽɳǴ, ϰھƵҩ۵ֱ˶ˡ
УҽŪ, أʶʱô֪ôԸ񣿡˵һ£ͻȻеˣƽʱڼңҲô41𣿡
ڸŵ㣬ϾڵҲ18ҵŵ㡣Ľ͡
ǳ˳飺ûжš
ĽٺһЦסĸ첲ӱ߳࣬ô͵ȵģʮֱȻҲʮ⡣
ֻˣĳȴô⣬ޱĴм߹ĸӶ˸ɢˡĽĿ
˲֪ǵĹϵעӰ졣δ˵ţȴûдĸмŲ
ĽһһͿӣʲôעӰ첻עӰģֱ˵Դô
ţԴˡ
Ľҭһ£ĵƵһߣһγΪǰеУΨһмǸ
ԴҲҪ衣ĽһδһʱǷǷơ
δɨһۣҪ豦
ûûǷȱĸģǲŽ豦Ҹĸӹϵ׶Ľ°ʣı׼豦ˣһǰֱء
ԣע˱𴦣2042ˣ豦ֱأ
һ죬ݴʾʹһ죬ġĽڵ
һҶӣô߼Ĵʻ㶼˵ó
ҪúáĽ
ϣԼúá
δĸҵޱÿϧǸŮʵ̫ˡ
Ľһ£ͻȻ֣뷨Σհȥ֮ǧҸˣҵеĵϰˣ뵱Ůĳ
һŮʲôϰߵģδһۡ
Ľ˵úеܾòô¡
˼ηϰʱѾҽңûžͿȪСţУҽϴƾޡ
˻ҽͲ𣿡Ȫʡ
УҽЦһʹܣ۶ܲˣ˵꣬Ӽһƾޣһδϡ
ô֣ܿȪΪ־ȥԲͷģӶҪ嵽ȥˡȪһΰһֵƿܳӰʱۣˣ
˵תſڣĽ˺һ£һֱŵַ˵Ρ
ӴⲻǴͬѧƽʱôͣ²ƾްĽѾɹùȪ绥˳ۣ˿Ҳװˣչ鳰ģʽ
ȪЦһбҩԣҪǲгӸա
˼Ѷܸ࣬ҲҩĳЩˣУҽûˡĽĿһۡ
˵䣬δѾУҽ˾ƾޣӹ֮㽫ĽС£ϸ˿
Ľϵľ죬˳㻹ƵĿȪһ۰ѹȪùǺȪҲ֪ʲôë֪Լ򲻹ҲƫƫҪŰһֱĽͿҩŷӦһֵ뿪ˡ
ĽشȫʤõòУδʱ򣬺ŲɵĸţһζûС
ôˣ粻ĿһۣȻˣȷʵҲˣ벻Ϊʲôôġ
Ľ¶ڣԿһ΢˷ܵҲûУǺϲ㻤ңÿζҾǸӢۣʲô¶£϶ǿĺܡ
ÿĶϲЩûЩµ衣ҲźĽЦ
һ߽ͬţҪֿʱĽͻȻ裬ҵ¥°ɡ
аȽϿģĵôߡ
δ˼ĿĸӶһۣһԲĸߡ
ôطӾ͵¥ˣſͣˣǽȥɡ
һ¡Ľ˵꿴Χһۣɿıһ£δͬʱһ£˭Ҳûע⵽ڰĽ﷢һ΢춯
Ľֻ˺̵ܶһ¾ɿˣЦеĽͣˣرһ¡
㶺ʧЦιȷûĸ𣿹˵ġ
ȻûУĽһΪֱ֤˰ְһ£ʱ򻹲͵͵δ˵һ䣬лл֡
ٴηһ춯
δǱ߿һۣĽĸ첲ɿԼ󵭵뱧㡣
뱧˭Ľۡ
δ䣬δְ籧˻ĸסˣշ졣ͬĽӵδúҪǶԼһûֻεĸ첲㹻˰ӻء
δԶһ£ŷſ΢Ŀһۺת뿪ĽŷӦŭ˭㱧ģ
šδ䵭Ŀһۡ
ĽڻǣԺԶ㣬ģ
磺Īô£
Ҫδܾ
ĽըˣƫƫôҪ˵ʲôʱδĮĿ
䣬㴫һ춯ĽʱסˡƬ֮󣬶˳Ȫһ۾ٵı飬ƽʱ.˵һۣ˿һƬ͡
Ľ˰ͻȻըˣ͵˵
˭͵ˣӸϵϹˣϡȪЩ鸡Ŀصת
ĽĿ٣
ʲôûȪе㲻ͷˣ˵ֲǱôõǡ
ʲôĽ߽һ
Ȫ¿ˮǿЩÿġ
Ľ
еϲһŮģ˻ϲȪ˰죬̲סһ䡣
Ľ֪Լں˵ʲô𣿡

 55 

Ҳ֪Լں˵ʲôȪĿĽ, 㲻ǲǲǱúˣһɡһݰѪԵϵģҲ岻ġ
񾭲, ĽĿһ, ߣȥ, Ҳ¥ˡ
֪ʶû죬ȥԺƵ, ½δƽ
̾, ˵ͷ뿪ˡȪһվ, ĽǷ, ֱδˡ
۾ĹȪãֱ¥ܲͷĴߴ, ʧǵĽᡣ
ļ죬Եû겻ᣬֻпԱߵһܻʱŻᾫһ𣬽ű˸Ĵһ, 겻ᡣ
μ䣬Ľͼ鳼СڳԱߵĳϣһø, ȪλһǰƮȥ, ֱƮ˳鳼̲סˣ᲻Ǳɵˣ
ɲô˺, ⸱, Ȼܵ˾񹥻, СڵĽͣ˵ĿĽ, ϴ㵽׶˼ʲôˣ
Լ˼ĽȪһڵĲ²⣬̲סЦһ
СӼ˵Ͳˣүڣϴɲ֮ǰֹԵӣԼǱĺá
һȺ꿾׼ؽʱͻȻ˵סȥ·
鳼˭۾вڿɲڰԶ㣬ǾͲˡ
ȪҲֻǶĽл˵
ôƭȥѧ¥һ٣Ľüоǲм
Ȫһл˵˵һ£˼ĿһۣøߣЩԺ۹⿴㡣
˭أ鳼СƢһҪը
ȪĶĽСǽңҲҪ֡˼ĽֱŤͷˡȪǸ׷ˣһ죬ԸַʽĽǰ¼鳼޿̵ĸһȭҲûз
Ľûˣѧ˸ڷܰ裬͹Ȫȥ˲ٳ
˵ʲôϽģ˵ңͱҲĽ
ȪɨһΧȷû˺һӵʣǡֹϵ
ƨ¡Ľһ˵ЩһŤͷߡ
ȪϽסһû˵ꡣ
ƨšĽüͷʮֲá
ȪĿһۣ֮һǱ̫õǡ
ȪĽĿڣҪٺ˵˵Ķ㲻
ȪεǲǺ˵˵ھ͸˵ʵǵʲôϵ
ƨ£ֹϵĽߣڸղһ飬ȻӦ档
Ȫ׷˹ȥӣֹϵһһǸģҪԼҲˣؼһʲô˼˼һǸȱΡ
ӰŸɾ㣬˭ȱˣĽǰߡ
ȪЦһĽʶģǿڴ׶԰жһķϲģѧУЩ£С֪ԺŪ㣡
ģҵءĽһֶø˵
ֻϧȪǸ׷ģ쵽ʱֱǰ˵Ҳ
ôĽһ
Ȫı飬һº󷴶һֹϵӦò뱻֪ɣ
вңĽü
ȪɨһֻۣҪ˵ǾͲв
Ľ˹ƤҩһҪ⣬Ժеľһ޿̵ֵܽã𣿡
ֵܽãȪһ£㲻Ƕ𣿡
Ұ֮ǰĺӣֻǰ֪ڲϣ֪ˣԺˡԽǾԲ˵ģֻǰ뷨Ū
ȪãȻˣĽΪҪʱôȥô꣬㻹ǲѣ
ܳ
ȪĿ֮ǰ˵δݣֳ׸ˣ֮ǰĺӣҲǵ˽ôã´ܻܲõɣ
谮ŲţϹҺ񶼿ĽͲˡ
Ȫۣ֮ͦǰһֱδ񣬵ϸ̬Ǹ񡣡
㻹˵ʲôϻ
Ȫ𴽽ǣϳ̫ˣóֵ֤֤ܽãһǸԼ۾
Ҫʲô֤ݣĽЦ
Ȫ۽΢Ӽ
Ľ
ôˣڼһ»ǺܷģֻҪ˵ͷҪҰæȥ𣿡Ȫ߽һ
ĽһƿеöˣǱӼʲôҲֵǰͷ
ҪǼˣǾͲֵܽöǸĸˣĽôܴӦݻ֮㼱ҴˣһعȪûиֻ߳Զ̾
ĽΪ˵֮Ӧþˣ˭֪ڶһƿţͿȪվ棬Ȧһһ֪һҹû˯á
ĽһȺɡδȥɡ
δ˹ȪһۣɡĽϣҪٵ
һѣŰɣܹȥСĽ˵žҪɡδѾתˣֻɡ
ȪһĻδߺڣа
վʲôģĽ˲һӻ
Ȫ˸Ƿſ򣺡һҹôȥˣԺб¶ʱ򣬵ʱ˵Ҫҵ
㻹ĽٴĻ˿ҲΪ˵ϵǣָʲôϵ
Ȫ赭дɨһۣǳлǸУ˭֪ƾе϶ͷˣҵȻҲᱻۡ
Ľʵڲ߼Ҳ붮ɡֱӳˡȪʱϣôˣǵͱѧУ
ӡ
ŷ񶨣ıѧУ֪ˣǾֻӼ֤ףĸӼȪ۾ƺ϶ңˣʱ֤òδã˼ŮӵҪҪ
ҪǸ˺Ҿɱ㡣ĽĿ
Ȫһ£Цǵÿˡ
㵽ʲôĽüͷ
Ȫɨһۣƺʮֲмʲôֻǲñ˾ҵĶǸӣӶҲǷӣҪǶ˹ϵҲ˹ϵԴѡһһǵ÷̸ôһ͹ˣҪôʲô
ĽĴȤ䵭ĺӣҲѡأ
ԿȪ𴽽ǡ
һʱձ˼£ڿŵĶ˺󣬶ͷҴ뿪ˣ鳼СӴӸʱעվŵˣϽ˹ȥ
ϴôˣ鳼üʡ
Ľ⿴Сӣ΢΢һĮĿȪҲѡʲôʱȥ淢ң
ʱȪֻ֡
ĽЦһãѡ硣
ؼʱ̼飬ȻѡҪġȪЦһõ𰸺սֱת뿪ˡ
һߣСʣϴ󣬵ôˣ
ɵһĽһһקסСӵĸ첲㣬ܸҸ𣿡
ʲʲôСһ±ơ
ĽͷӼʲôĿԼֵܵ֡
ҪٰСӸˡ
Ľ˵ĵ˵ͷԣ٣ܸ𣿡
⡢ⲻΥ𣿡Се顣
Ľһƣֲй¶ȥΥʲô
壬ôα죿СӺʡ
ĽΧһۣСӶֹ䣬СȻĵ˵ͷĽЦһӼȪôҥʱֻҪ֤˦ˣڣס֤˵
ղűһ˲䣬ùȪֱȥ״СڣӼǳ£뻹סˡ²漰ԼиĸڹȪȥ״Ӽ֮ǰ趼Ҫܵ飬޷ܡ
⣬Ľ鳼һȥˣһŶϹȪʾӦĲС
֮Ȫû鷳ˣƺûʲôļƻĽҵģ֮һֱ
Ȼûпʱ򣬱İĽһͬȥеʱ򣬹ȪסδԺĽԶ㡣
δһ£ƾʲô
һ̸㲻Ӧ𣿡ȪƵĿƽʱģģû뵽ϲֹ
δĬһ˲˭
Ѿ֪ˣûҪȪһĿǲмĽѾ֤ˣϵһɶԺֻ罻ʶĻԶ㣬ȥĽҲ𹴴磬Ҫ֪κһ˵ǽǣСҶ㲻
δûгһ˿ţ۵׶һ˼ǣΪ
ᣬҰ;ȪһΪҲҰǵ¸߱ˣֻҪҼɧٸϵϣһ¸ĸʱСѧУˡ
δ΢һʱû˵
Ȫɫǰһһۣͳ˵û㣬ĸɶǺǵģ֪ǶӺ㣬ǻŪ㡣
ô𣿡δ΢
ȪЦһûпţ൱ף裬ĸϻһСѧʱӻߣ۸ֱ֪ӷѧס۸Ǽ˵ÿ޵
衭Сѧδ΢ˡ
Ȫбһۣƺûϸڲʱ꼶۸ļ˶˸ģͣȴһ̷֮УжײвҸ˰ɣ
ãұ˽⣬δ˵һ£̲ס׷ʣĽ֪𣿡
Ȼ֪˵Ҳţ˵Լ磬ܴùҲû޵ȥ򼸸СѧȪ˵˵ʶˣһѻǣ㲻ԶСѧһ㣬Ҳţĳ
δŶ
Ŷʲô˼Ȫ۾
δĿһۣʧˣ磬ˡ
Ȫ
Ƭ̺󣬹ȪɵʣǴڹˣ
˵أδʡ
ѧŷԭûѪԵϵĹȪͻȻе㲻ȷˣԥʱԶһŭ𣺡Ȫɵʲô
ȪʶĻͷһȭѾϣΪԵ˵ϡ
Ľأߵüͷס˻˵
ĽߵĿŹȪ˭ģ˵ʲô߰ˣӼѾõˣб¾ȥУǸǰ˵ţյЩֽˤ˹Ȫϡ
Ȫһ£ӼϵĽ𾪣ǻã
ϻĽĿ
Ȫãһ˲ɡһʼΪʲôһӣ
ΪӼǼٵģһڡĽش꣬ЦһΪӲ˵ô࣬Ӽ£
Լʮ˲֪滹ӣӦҲڸ߱˵ģôһ룬Ȫʱӱ̬ܵˡ
֪Լ߼ӲˡȪԼͨĽһ߷ߵĿδǲǸ˵ʲôˣ
԰׷ʲôڳΨһ֪Ⱥʡ
δһۣȸˡȪ䵭ԼĲ˵߳ܵط죬ЦãŵϵĹȪ㻹ͦġ
˵ˡȪӵŤĿŵ棬۽ԱߵƤһƬ
翴ĽȻˣǳںģµ⣬ֱӸʦãܹδ֪ǲͣǺͶ㻹Ӧ÷ġ
ŶĽĺ⣬ֻǷܵӦһ
һۣԺ׼ô嶯Ĵ֪𣿡
вҡҸ硣Ľ
磺㻹֪ôȰδģô֪вķʽ
Ҳ֪Ľһ䡣
ü˵ùһۣŤͷʹȪвδˣ
ɡȪе顣
ĽĿһۣҲš
Ͳ㣬û˵ʲôֵģֻ˵ܿ£δָǾ壬費ŹѣƨвȪϣǳ̹Ȼ
۵һЦֻĻҾòвҳôĽ˻£ͦڴܸġ
Ц۾ʱδ˵Ľ赱۸ĽСѧǸĸϻ
һһƽĿĽٷϻ
Ȫ

 56 

Ͽ, ĸӶ˲ϧ֣Ȫӹһ١ȻȪ鲢ûжãһ, һ뵽ط, ʵʵ˼죬ż̲סǷĽ, ƽʱ˵ֶˡ
ʱţпܿ͵, ǰѧУиѧൽ, ǿοԵҪ, ϸʦͰҲ϶, ׶οǰš
ٽԣδĸŵѧϰԶ, Ľһ춼ҪѧϰÿϻȥҪСʱСľЩԲ, 쾹Ȼʼζˡ
һ첹νḺ̌ڴϣĿδ, һ㶼ѧϰˡ
ʲôδ
Ľ룺˵㲻
δƽ
ĽȤ, Ϸ鳼ѧȥɶˣȥöʱ򿴵ǲ, ֪ˡ
δ, ĩ
һ, Ľˣ治ѧϰ, ôͲأ
ҲǣںŬδ
Ľһ±ӣ·ѧݱҼ򵥣̫ƽˣԶѹեұѹեҪࡣ
Ϊʱֻôѧδɨһۡ
ĽôͬҲ֪Լһ˸泯ǽˡ
οʮΣУڼȥһҹСδ
Ľ۾һ͵ģ
šδס
Ľһһ˶֮ǰһȥɵʱǶĵ£ȵȫȥˣòУһѧȥĩǾûʲô˼ˡ
ΪҹУһ˼Ѫһѧϰʱ۷Ź⣬ÿιȪҪ˫۾ֻܰѻȥ翴״̬е㵣ģιŵ㣬һûأ
ôܣÿôѧϰĽ
Σ漸찡ԼţҾ㻹ǰ΢հɣһʱûã̬ô죿
ֲҿһҲǽʮζѣҿ϶ԵģȻʱ䲻ѧôĽ˵꣬Ҹˣһӡ
ĵĿһۣ˴Աߵδι㶼˵һûãö
Ҿãôδڡ
翴
㻹ǹܺԼɡ
磺
δĿһۣٴεͷ׼ϰʼǡЩǰûҪͷʼΪźӣҲֻһһˡ
粻ò˵δȰǺõģڸ֮ҲĽСˣתʼԼĿԳɼڲ֪вϰҲһˣδ϶Ҫοһǵˮƽòã϶ᱻǸС۵ĳͷ
ôһ룬ҲʼŬ©ȱˣҪѧһ㣬ĽôŬɵú棺ҲȥҹУ
ûаڿɾͶġͷˢδ׼⡣
ĽüôŬʲô
һ£̧ͷϵĿΪ˿Ӯ㡣
Ľ
ֻѧһ£Ƴɼ̫࣬δĻ϶ҪǿֻҪܿӮ㣬ǵˡϿҵգ۾
ĽɥĵĻ˵ˣҾȻú۾ٵģǰԲԼǸСѧܵļһ
ĽҡһͷعʵԳÿԸϰҪ󣬾һʮҪʲôģѵã˷ѡ
Ŷ㲻˵Ҷˣ۾һ̾ûʲôҪġ
ȸ¶ˣҪʲôԺ뵽˵Ľ⡣
úеǵȵϰѧһڻʱһδοԡĽʮȥɣ
㲻׼ȥδ
籾ûȥôһ˵е㲻ˬƾʲô
Ůȥʲôɣҹһ㶼ȫĽǷǷ˵һ䣬һ۲
δĽ˵öԡ
ĽNɪˣ翴ʱЦЦ¶һСߺߵĿ˸ӶһۣĿδϣҲɣ˵ʵΪʲôȥ
δĬһ˲ж̡
ĸӶˣ
岻áδ硣
Ľô˵ǲеˣ㵣Ķ̶ãͲҵ𣿡
㲻õġδʮֵ
Ľۣʳͬ⣺ƾʲô
20꣬һ̲ǰ棬ġδƽİο
һллˣĽ
δ
Ľǳ˳飺ûл˼
δɨһۣʣҪġ
ʲô𣿡۾һڴĿ
δ΢΢ףֻҪʲôԡ
ΪʲôˣĽ
δһ£ʱ࣬ѧı٣Ҳġ
缰ʱ䣺Ҳ㡣
δɶû˵˵䣬ɹȡǺú̲˼ƽˡ
Ľ˼ѪһŬѧϰĹȪˣ类״̬ýģҲӦֻһŬδЩʲôû˵ĸԼʱʱһЩóԵġ
״̬£ӭһοԡǺǰһһ죬ȵϰʱ˶ſˣĽǽöֻһ˫۾Ź⣬ʮ˷ܡ
ܶŵĿԣ̲֮סɵģѵòſϿˣŤͷĽ죬ĽԼȥɺȻͬ⡣
ҲŤͷĽЦʣͿʼˣ
԰ǰһ׼Ľ˷ܵô֡
ЦҡҡͷûٹˡȻͬѧϰʱѧģδʱʵҲǺڴοԳɼģϣԼܿãԼã֮Ǻ
δҲ˿֮ûʹĳɼֻǲЩתעܿȥˣûԾȷˡ
ĽǰδеĽţƴԾʱ˾ͽӲȷԼϽù
񣬲񣬻ǲ񡭡
ÿһԾĹһ㣬һֱȫɫõ
Σһְܷɡ
ʲô㣬һ֪ϴοԳɼ˼֡ĽηĽԾһ𣬺
ԭҪĹȪ״ʶı졣ƽʱһҲˣʱǣСӾ͸ðƢԼˡ
üĽ
ңĽվһͷδƽ۾ʱȻһֲʱ˵ίۿ΢΢ʣҶ˵Լѧϰˣ㻹һֱңѵѧϰþͲ䵱㡭㡭
ӡֵײܵ˵˵Ľ򴽣δȥֱ뿪ˡ
ϴ󣡡鳼һϽ׷˳ȥ
˸ܳȥǰͻȻһĳžǲſǻʣΪʲôӢôѣΪʲôҲſ90֣Ϊʲôֲܷٳͷ
һ㶣̿δ
δƽİĽԾͳӢƽǦִ˳ɼ83
ĵʺӦйһֱͨ˺ã֮ǰ֮ÿζúܲΪȫûѧ﷨ֻ΢ѧһ£ѾȾ˺ˣδ꼶ڶֱܷϴһٶ࣬˵Ѷȴȴ˵һߡ
ղô˵ѣ
δҲ֪ѡ
翴һǽӽֵĳɼˡ

 57 

ԵĸδƬ, һΪԼǰƹȥɣǹתƻ⣺ĽҲ֪ж, ΪԼѧôһöû, ǲǸðοһ£
֪ȥˣδʡ
磺鳼֪
绰
ŶӦһͳֻ, ҪֻźͻȻͣһ£Ҫǵɡ
Ϊʲôδʡ
̾û, ˭Ҳ˵׼ô, һϴβ, Ǹϣ֮ʧô
δԳĬһ˲Ǿ͵
ôţɰͰ͵ʡ
δ, һ仰Ҳ˵
Ҳ֪ԼǰìܣӵǸ, ҾǿղܳȥСе۵ģȥܻΪǲں
û˵, δѾȥˣ缱æʣȥģ
δͷҲصĵ
æ˹ȥҺһɡ
ãȥ, ¡δ
确һ, ګګʼ鳼ģ֪˷Ϣ㡣
áδֿһ, ת˽ҡ
մӽѧ¥ȥ, յĶ, ǰϢȥһѧ¥ֱ¥ȥ
ٽʮһ, ̨쬵Ĵ˹ͷ춼䡣
δ̨ʱֻëµļ鳼ɪɪæкĽõʼ鳼ģ
ϴʲôģ𶼱ҿ춳ˣ¥ˡԴ̨Ľһ仰û˵ֻǻί鳼˺þöûЧֻˡ
鳼һߣ̨Ͼֻʣ¸ӶˣδĵĽԱ£һԲĿƮһƬƲʡ
֡ĽƵĽһ
δά֮ǰĶûŤͷ
Ľ״ίˣҵ۾ðһǲǾҺܲδĺӣûܼ̳ŵ㣬ʧɣʧʧɣԺʧʱ򻹶࣬ӦҲá
֮ǰûԼӡδͻȻ
Ľ͵ر죬㶵Ŀ
ӺСʱʼҾ;ԼһܵĻ侲Գ֡ͬʱҲȱĹδƽĿգƲγССĵӰⲻΪʲôҪޣΪʲôҪЦΪʲô֪£ܲϴ
֡Ľ죬ĻԶˡ
δſ˶ӰκֻΪ˽Լף˲ʺϼͥ⣬ҽһ֪ʶΪ飬͹¶飬ҵһ㣬֮ǰ겻
ĽĺӣȻǰ²̫˽⣬Ҳ֪㣬үү̺ͷֿмͥˣ˭ҲԸʧܻĲʮʱͿʼһֱһҡ
ô侲˵¶ϵĻĽͻȻЩ£߬סһܡ
֮뷨ıˣδ͸һ飬û˲ϲ̫Ҳǻڿ֮Ҳ᲻÷֣֮ǰ˵ֵĺ壬㻹ǵ𣿡
šϲ˼Ĺ⡣Ľګګش
δǸһ㻡ȣֹ㡣
Ľһ㶡
ΪԼҪͥڴӦһ˲䣬뵽Ժӵ֣ĽҲҵҪļˣܳѾõ£ô
Ľôѧã⻹𣿡
ڸȡֵʱʲôԱʲôԸ̻᲻ܸߣҲйڶҪģϣ㽡ӵֱǰδһһ˵ڳɼҴû
Ľ򴽣ҲԣɼҲԣ
ԣδ˵һ£ƺţֲһ䣬ɼҲһͿҲϲ
Ľ㶣ԭ̫ŵģһ䣬ͻȻú˵
δһı飬ĿͻࣺǳɼԺջ񲻳ʱˣ㼴㲻ϰߣҲ﹥ķʽйŭ𣿡
Ľ˵ûԹǻͻȻղŻϰֲϲۣʱ˵ˡ
δҲ˵ĿգƬƲѾƮˣ¶˶ںġ̫
ΣĽСԲ𡣡
δ
Ҳ˵㲻ϲҵģ˰ɣĽ˵ţۿ΢΢죬ֻһ㡢һûںãҵòã
ǷǸˣɷǸʱͰ͵ģ۸ģ⸱Ӻʹ˿ڽĳˣֱһģһδ۵һǳЦ⣺Ҳ
ģĽ̿
δ΢΢ףġ
Ҿְ֪ˡĽЦ¶һŽ׵С
δͷǿ֪ʶֻϰ˸һѧڵĿαҲȵȫѧ꣬ͻһʵķԽģõġ
Ҫǲô죿οʵģĽЩʡ
δοҲûϵ͵ѧϰˣȱҵԿ±ꡣ
Ҳ뿪±꣬Ľ롣
δһۣʲô
Ϸɣҿ羺ѡ֡Ľ²
δĬһ˲㾭ǸϷкܶ໰
Ҳѧģ㿴ƽʱȻ˵໰ǴϷʱǺٿ𣿡ĽԺԼϷˣϽ͵
δΪľ㡣
Ľ˵ûе羺츳ֱ˵ôĨǣ
δһ£Ľ̨ϺһڿεĹֱڿε¿𣬶˲һͬ¥ߡ
¿죬ѧûü¥ֻ˰š
Ĭ֮ĽͻȻڣ֮ǰһֱΪǵ氵裬Բ֮󣬾Ժӵ֣ղź˵ˣӦһ֮ġ
δ
ԣĽ޹۾Ӧ𾪵ʣ֮ǰһ
δһ˲ޱûС
ǿ϶һˣȻΪʲô˵ֻĽĲһһʣ˭׷˭
Ҫδܾش
Ľ̼ʱߣӱĿڣȻȻ׷㣡֮ǰڿһֱΪിС׻ԭǼٵģǸƭӣ
侲㡣δ΢
ĽصĺһʣһˣʲôʱһģΪʲô֮ǰһ㶼ǲң
δãĽΪشʱŻȴӦұܣҪ֪Ѿ֪ˣٰһи㡣
ã˵ĽӦ
δһۣ֯Ժ㽫ǰ¶˵˳Ľɫһһ䣬Цһַ֣־Ϸ룬ɱĻˣƭӣԼˣƭҶã
סĳŵҪѾ֪ˡ֪Լ˵©ˣһԼû꣬δȻ̲ߣǲġ
Ľ˵ģɱδôһѣֻҧ˵ͷǴӦˡ
δЩģգһͬ˽ҡ
һڿûĵòУǺ۾һϽλվôŻҪˡ
ĽһۣһǽǴˡһĪһۺδʲô裬ҵˣ
δû£鲻á
δ˵ʱĪ飬ƽʱһóֻϧΪĽΪɼˣûô⣬ŤͷοСѵ£Ҹղȥ˺üˣ½˺ܶ࣬˶㣬Իߡ
һô˵ĽĶ֧Ȼ뵽Ǹƭӵ£ûлӦ˼
ҪٿԼİ׻ʮˣһԩĿδʲôˣôͻȻˣ
䣬Ϳδ΢΢۾Ҫ׷ʣεֻˡ
һA4ֽۼһ۾ͿˡС֣ʱ˶ˡ
οһ鲻Ѿˣ¿δҾͿȥŵǰ༶ΡصرѣԴ󲿷ͬѧĳɼʮֲ룬Ҳ̫ѹ߿һٿ⡣
ôһ˵ԭѹİһɣµѧ˽
Ѿ޹ֵĲ۾ȲʰΣʦεô
꼶ڶȶιĿ
ԭŸոռӢɼΪԼǰʮˣһ֮ǰȻһĸо
εĿڰѲһȦؿһߵǽǡſ粻ɵֱЩ
󲿷ͬѧĳɼʮȶмͬѧȴ˺ܶ࣬˭ҾͲ˵ˣ¿ٵҰ칫˵ţֿһۡ
¿ˮɻԼĳɼʲô˲ռʱεȻˣοУҲнܴͬѧҪĽ
ͬʱһȫ֮Ŀⶼˢˢɨ˹
ͬѧοа༶44Ľ󣬴ӵһ40ӢɼڰŽǰʮصҹһ¡
λ䣬鳼ʹͷȫ඼ŹƣǺŵˣǻӿڣǰΰֹ˲Ľͷʱˣ˭ҲûʱͷװһȻе˷ܺϵĺҲƭ˵ġ
ҪҪŬδǣǺܻܿøõĳɼذ༶ɼõƽʱıʼ֮ģҲͬѧǷһ£ﻥܽǡ
Ľƽʱɼô˰æܽôӢֱӿǰʮǳİɡСֹһ䡣
˵Сȴ༶ˣüͷҪ˵䣬ĽмСѧʱĿҸȥ꣬еĺҲǱߣӢ˵ûʲôѵġ
û뵽ֱӷһºˡֻϧԴϴ֪ԾҲû˵£Щӵ߾Ͳ֪࣬Ҳû˰˵
ڵĿֲʮǰʱ򣬹Ǹͷܼ࿼豸һѣܳ׵Ϊ־ͬѧô˵ĽûڻٻΥ£ûһֻ۱һֻۣ˵ѵ
ҧס촽βԸĿڣԲ𡣡
֪˾ͺãԺעѧϰϣҪЩ߰ġοһۣϰת뿪ˡ
һߣһģ˷ܵĻͷźŵĸӶ˵44
ĽҲʮ˷ܣʮȻ㻹߼Σ
ӢӺ˵һһǿҴҲġ粻߿佱
Ľնˣץסδ֣ǲȥˣ
ţС飬͡δĿ΢
Ľһվм鳼δ͹Ȫȥɵ£һδͣһȺСѧ̿ˡ
翴Ǹ˵ӣ۵һ˿ĽٿδʱЩʧ䣺ҾͲһΣܽʮˡҪٶ࿼־ͺˣܸδҪˡ
ûϵҲܺãҪʲôδжһᡯĶȻԣ绹ĸоˡ
㶣е˷ܾȥӿһ㲻˼Ŀʵûá
ţˣ㡣δǹһ㲻ԵĻȡ
ƻһԺߵĵ˵ͷδĿÿһ綼ϸĿôҲһ㣬˷·Դ磬һų⣬ֻˣա
ĽСҵ꣬һƨ.ʱһۿ˶֮ĲԾһ˺ĶԹһˢڸС
Ȼˣȥĸˣδͣȥõİɡ
ܣƭӡĽ䵭
磺

 58 

Ľһ, ͷԼͰ͵Ծ˳ϸһŸƽһ˵ӡ
Īι, ҵˣ
ĽĻشǵһ, Ȼſ˯ǳ˳飬ֻÿδ, ʣôˣ
δ΢ĬƬ̺󻺻¿ξȥ꼶ˡ
Ŷ, ڰ, ڽ׶ﲻиȤ
δתƳɹ, ΢΢˿, ٿʱࣺεӣΰ༶Ӧÿǰ, õĻҲܽ
ٰ۾һôô󣡡
𽾰ѣͬл˶, Է࣬´οԵƫ򵥣ôͻ¶δ
ƲƲ죺Ҳ˵߹ʺ˵ĳɷ¡
δһ, ˵ͷ
бһۣûôɨ˵, ҡ˵꣬Ťͷˡ
ڿϰ, ŸտʱϢ, ſ, ֲ˵ŤͷһԵĳ㡣, һһӦϽѹѯʣôˣʲô
û¡Ų˲۾ǰԾ
Ĭһ˲ˣûã
ţһ˵ţ۽ֿʼ죬ҵһοһǰҶǵڶġ
磺֮ǰĽ׵Ķ𣿡
үᣬҡҲǸ˼ϴ󿼺ҲܸˣǡҾǵһοһеܡţ۾ʱĺڿ۾ӳһƬãã
磺ӵڶɵһҲǶֵܵ°ɣ
е㲻֪ôο˰ʵû˲ˣҺĽˡ
ţ㲻ĿȴֻܿһƬ
Цˣ밡ҺĽûúѧϰڻأǲǾͲ˲ˣʵ΢˵㣬ΪҺĽö࣬ԲԵˡ
𣿡ܾﲻԾ˵ɿڵʵǣǵһ
Լ˱û壬ȱſޣһȥϴεˣǲ˲ˡһһ۵
ͦеĨһᣬ¿˵ˡ
ת۾͵¿ʱ䣬˺ܣҲһһʱ乫ǰ㣬˸ϵʱѾµòˡ
ҪôŶӣϰҲеż
ҲļȥȻôԶעʲôıʱ˼ǰߣֱӰǿˣһһ£ûվȾײһʵĻ
һͬδġůɿĻ
Ϲ𣿿ˣĽ·ҷ
磺˲ôůˡ
ŤͷҪ˵ʲôĽһһȥˡɨһۣŤͷһֱԱߵδ㿴ӣôôˣ
˭ӣãĿ
һ£ڨڨЦЦûʲôҿЦء
һֱȵϿΣǰ࣬ǰȥ翴һδ߳񽫽ٷֵĳɼĤһºȥԼˡ
ϰԵĴһңĽͳҲһ˼һطٲһһ¡ǱĽ˼ΣһҲĽҲǲ뷨˻༷м䣬ɪɪû취רġ
ԥҪҪ˳սʱδˣĵط̿
𣿡粻
δǱһۣŮб𡣡
һ£ʲô˼ĿһۣǱСʮꡣ
Ҳ׼δƽķ
ס۵ĳ嶯ǰҽг㸺ҵ
Ѿҵˡδ˵ţ˹εĳ
翴Լ˽׶ǰ˰ٺ㶣ҽͦġ
š
ĽһֱעˣѾҵ̴ǰңܿҵԼģ743
δʱ佱
ĸЦЦЦſԷϵЦ̽סˡĽһŤͷˣ緭˸ۣȥʳ㣺ô
ʮԭн۾
Цˣ²˰ɣ
үЦˣղܡ㲻˼
ĸ첲ˣȥɡ
á
һͬߣʱֺĽˣԷһŤͷЦһû
һֱŤѧһߣҹأѧ¥ʱ̲סһ£һһ·ϡ
ŵ·ϤĲľζ۾һ˿Ц⣺㲻𣿡
䡣δش
üǻ·ң
ֽˣǵü·δƽ
ЦЦҲǣ
ĽһʱһЦǲͨͬѧ𣿸黹ͦð
ͨͬѧԺǷޣܻˣбһۡ˻Ѫأһ춼ǳ׺Ĺˡ
Ľһ˵ʲôδĿһ£Ըıˡ
ǱˣȴôŹʣҵʲôطˣֱ˵һĸ£ҺǷһ
ҵĵطˣƭӡĽĿ
վ۾ʣƭʲôˣ
㡢㷴ƭˣϰԱߣĽҰѽ֪ó˵ֻܱظһ䡣
籧ۣеĿƭʲôˣб¾ֱ˵
ңĽҭҭ˵һ䣬ǰװĸװѧԣҪǿ18ӣҾϵˣ
˭˵װģʶҵʱҶʮˣһѾúѧϰΪѧԡӵĸһҲ
ĽŭҪĸΪʲôͬѧܣСѧͬѧ
类ʵҭһ£תƼȦɿ췴ұԼӲûȪ˵Щ۸ˣ
۸͸˼ҴܣǻǺӰĽۡ
Цһô⣬ʱ֪ʱô˵Ϊʲôǵý᣿
Ϊ֪Ͱְֵ鿪ʼʱ䶼ƭģȻ仰˵ĽͶ˰죬Ҳɷֻһ䣺նһѹģڱѹ˲𣿣
ðԸôôɡѧӺһŤͷ󲽳ȥܿʧľͷ
һߣ·̰Ľһ֮߶ŽˣʼòʱǿһֱĬδһǵʣ֣ǲǲø賳ܣ
أδʡ
Ľһ·ɵĴҡҲǹģ41裬ҾԲڵҲûһ㳤ӣ֮ǰһʱã͡һʱûס
ÿĸ׶ϣԼںģҲһԴķʽ㲻ͨͨķʽδ
Ľ˵øѹˣûвҺϲҲϲ㣬Ǹİ
ǾͲҪ㰮ġ
ĽĬˣ˰߽ţ쵽Լ¥ʱĽ͸Ǹ
šδ۵һ˿ᡣ
һҹȥڶȻˣ紩ú߽ңδ˸кȻԼλϣ̶ûĽһۡ
ĽӣЩѹһֱ尾ϰҪȥԷʱϽס
£üʡ
ĽͷɥĿԲ裬Ҳø㳳ܡ
û£һ£ҲԣȷʵӦЦЦȻҴˣôǸӦҡ
û뵽ô˵Ľָж衭
Ǹû⣬ҾӦøʵʵĲһĻ
Ľһ£ãʣʲô
ȵȥҰ֮󣬾͸飬һᡢͻݡСѧܵĺ裬ЦеĿһͲõٱƭƭ
Ľ
δ

 59 

û뵽չ, Ľˣ衭
裬Ҳ裬ͻֲƭ, ȥȥȻЦС
ĽãȻĿδ, ѰģԷյе֮, ĬĬվҲ֣Ϲ
Ľ
ôһ, ǹ¶ˡϧ̾
Ľ۸ˡ
۸ô, ûûС, , ۸Цһĸһ
ĽһסԴ, ˵Ŀδʱôѱ䣬˭ģ
δĬһ˲ĻŤͷ磺С𣿡
ԡӦ١
δףȥԡ˵ŻĿĽһ, ˡ
ĽԭվƬ̣ͻȻֻһ죬˵ͳֻ㿪, ֻδ, ˿ʾһٿת˺תϢֻ֣ڷѡ
ĽǮˡ
Сײ, СȥСǳԷ, 극˳÷ڷȥ˳С
һȺСѧڳԱߵĳ, һ߳ԿһϵҹУÿ˶ʮ˷ܡ
Ľ
һ̾Ϣ, 鳼̲סʣϴ㵽ôˣ
ˡĽڵ
鳼һ£㲻Ǹϵôǵģ
Ľһ£ϵһΡ
ϵһˣϴҲ̫صˣǲ򲻵㣿С̲סӻ
㶮ƨĽһ䣬ʣûʲôð취Һ
úģ˵СƾͲˣСӳ⣬ãԼĺްݣ̨ˡ
ĽԼĵǸˡ¶ݣüͷУ費һ
ʲôһСӺ档
Ľ˶٣ͼ̬ͣرᣬʮ꣬ú峤ķʽ
Ҽ԰˾ˡСûסбһۣʮ꣬˵ó
Ľ֪ЩҲ۲ʲôҲ˵ˣһθȥɵ¡
˵ʱ򣬳һֱͷֻĽһ£ʲôأ
ڸҰַţҿԽ¡۾̧ͷ
Ľһѵü㿼Բޣô˵
ҪᣬҲ˵ˡ˵ʱ͸Ц⣬˿ʮá
ĽȾҲŷˣԽˣһȥףһ£
԰㣬һɣҲһΡ鳼̸͡
æҡͷ˲ˣһҹ첻һˡ
ȥһ첹ϾͿУˣҲһ졣СȰ
Щ˼Ĳȥˣòе뵢ѧϰ
ˣԸȥǾͱˣĽֵסĲӣ鲻ָʲôʽҪǺ̲衣
û⡣շ죬Ҳ¶һ˿ڴ
һȺ˰ʳȫ׼ؽңĽȽ˳һˣŸŻȥһңһۿڶŵ磬һºֺõ˹ȥ̲ϡ
ֺֻװģҸոݺõģȺȡĽС
Це̧ͷλ
ĽѾĵز
Ϊܿͻһ죬Էûлͷҹ죬һҪƲϵӣԽԽš
ʵ粻ǹⲻȫע˳ϣԲһʱûд
緹ذʱ鿴ǲģȻһڿֻ֮ɫˣ˶ʧǵͲѡдˡ
Σȴֻ˵Լû£ȻλϷ뱻ѯʣֻʱ̹ע״̬ʲôԾ޷ʱ֡ôһͲСĳװĽˡ
һֱϰʱ绹ûдĽĽ׻ˣҧ㿪ֻϺĽ棺֣ҪٲҸͺãҾͰ֪¸ˡ
δյϢޱֻϻظѾ˷ڷѡ
ĽˣôھҪΥԼ㱨ɣץ˵軹Ըҡ
δĬһ˲Ѿʧȥ裬ʧȥְ֣
ĽЦһָžž֣ϲҵʱѾʧȥˣȻôͱҲҹٰɣ˫˫ɣ
ǾеˣδƽĽֻ˻ȥ治֪ʲôĽϢôһĺڣҲһѣͺõĳ嶯ֱֵһᡣ
ںĽʱʱһԱߵĳ㣬ȵѧʱסȷû𣿡
ûû£Ҿе鲻áۿ졣
üϻúõģΪʲô鲻ã
һ˽£ү˵Լһ¾ͺˡС
֣Ĭһ˲ͷӦˣлĽ˸֮ǰˡ
ôˣĽ߹󣬹Ĵ
бһۣҪǰʱĽϽסΧûʣ裬㵽ʲôʱԭҰ
Ҹ㲻졣
Ľһܣְ˱סˣ֫ʮֻоԼһ¾ƶƲ
ιĽǲǣ翹صĴΪϣƵġ
ҺͺÿҺͺáĽһظ仰
צ˰죬ڿ챻ʱδʱְ˽˳ıͷѾˣ޺޵ĵĽһۣǲǷ᣿
Ҳܣ㲻׼ٸˣȻһ㡣Ľһ
ֱЦˣûѧԵӵѧһģһٱҾ㡣
ϥǻһδĬĬ뻤ڻ׼ˡ
һڣĸעתƵˣĽڴʲô취ǲ
ôҲҪܣߺߵʡ
δĩȥ֣ܶóԵģԡ
ͷһĽ㶺ϽӻԶԣҲԡ˵һ£ίյĵľסһСƬ½ǣԣһúѧϰ׬㻨Ǯ㣬費Ҫ˺òá
ʵƢǳӲҲ챻˼κžѵһûˣͻȻģѾûˡ
Ҳ飬Ÿ첲Ľ֪ˣ
ģ費ûƭңõ裬ҳģĽĸףܱⱲҡ
첲˰ɣ˵ȥƤҪˣסĳŵúѧϰ׬ʮ㻨Ǯң֪𣿡
ʮģĽ̲֮࣬סּۻۣ̫˰ɣҵĴʣҿܵһ²׬ô࣬˵㣬졣
Ҳİ٣ڻʣٶķڷѣ΢Ŭܻˡ
Ǿʮһģٶ˵һһӼۡЦ롣
ĽĻ˵ĺһͿʼ治ˣ
ˡһ
ĽЦͻȻܺõıסܲһ˰ε˰ַ£羪һͣڵͱһ£ʱסˡ
лл衣ĽЦģҪ˵ͻȻɨһźڣһʶˣЦһͻȻ£˰˵ˡ
ĪĿߣʶ׹գ̲סЦѹôϲӣָĳɾ͸Уֱκһֶ
ܿģĵ
һһͷδ۾ɵʧЦŸĽ˵ˣ߰ɻȥɡ
δվԭزΪʲô
һ£Īʣ˭
Ľ
粻⣺ΪʲôҪǺͺõ𣿡
ղ㡣δɫ͸նϵĽѧ¥һڣ˶ںڰˡ
ͻȻһ㲻ǳԴװɡ
û˵꣬һ뱻Աߵ˹ȥֱײĻȻҲӲͬĽӵһǰ˱סͿʼܿƣҲӿһһ⣺ʲôһ˷ˡ
ѧ¥ļûҹӹܡδѾϵĽѧ¥ֻܿŵǹ
һ˲Ҳ׼ңɿ
ҪδϾָܾ׹ϲü£ǿһ䡰ҵġ
ǳ˳飺ιҲӣִʲôóԵģ
Ҫˡ
磺

 60 

δƺû, һ£
磺˰˵Ż˳, , һʶ
δʮˡ
磺Ŷ
һ¹գϸ˵, ϻʱ䣬ûӳδ
磺, Ͻȥ, һžͲˡ
˵Ťͷ󲽳ǰȥ, û߶Զͱδ׷, Ҳǣסˡǽ¹ⲻ̫ΧһƬڰ, ¥һΣյĻ粢ûǹԹԵĸǣǰߡ
ǣ¥·ʱҲûɿ, ͵͵˼δĿ̲סͣĴϡδûʲô飬ƺ֪͵, ֻǶԽԽ, ڵƹ谵£Ҳһ۾ע⵽
סЦ, ָһ, δ͵ͣ, Ҳһæѯʣôˣ
׼ٿЦδĿĿ, ΢΢ˡ
㶣ֻһ¶ѣΪʲôӦô󣬿ɼ㲻Ŀ£ǽˡ
δվãƽǣߣֱӭһЩѧ˵ֲɿ
һڽ˴źֿ෴¥ߡڿ쵽սǴʱͻȻһɻͷĳ嶯ҲίԼŤͷ˹ȥǰһкסˡ
̫·£δվñֱվƹ⽫ӰúܳӰס˿ı顣֪һڿԼķ򣬼ͷ󣬴Ǳ㹴һǳǳЦ
ͻȻͨͨһʻĸоӳһ˲֫ٺͨˡɤЩɣҲˣ˲ܿƵĳȥֻʣԶʱ򿴵ľȡ
Цſ˫۳˹ȥδʶĽס˱˻
ôˣδ˱סֲԾճȭŬԼƽʱһ侲ȻԼжңñ˭
۾Ŀһֱվڿ𣿡
šδˡ
ˣǰҲ𣿡
ǰҲδ۾֪ΪʲôˣĬһ˲󻺻ԺҲᣬһһֱ㱳󣬿㡣
仰еֲˡ˵ɷ羰ĻеЦȴ١
δ΢ҵͷƽǲ¡
ҾͲˡЦЦעͻȻż⣬͵һ£ȻŤͷˣδعʱѾܵûӰˡ
δָϴǣβŤͷᡣ
¥µ·ôߵģδѾǲˣֻ֪ȳ׻ʱѾͣſڡͳԿףûȿţžԼˣĽЦ̽ͷְ֣
δıһ䵭
ĽһֺõİŴ򿪣¶һȾᣬһ㿪ڣְ֣ҸղŰɨһ飬ˣ·ҲϴˣѾˣһƾ͸ˡ
δĿһۣһԲϡ
֪ˣҰĽٺЦȻԷûʲô飬ϵЦԽԽ࣬Ҳ裬ģֻһף´Ҳˡ
δǡ
Ľô軹Ѻ壿
ץδԱȥһҧһţֱ˹ȥסδδޱץססԼ󣬷һšĽһֱת˾ʮȹ˵ϡ
ְְְۡĽ첲šţʹϾ첲۵ıȱһٶܣҲˣ
һ侲δѵ¶һ˿ŵֻʪֽüͷʼá
ĽһţҴˣҰɡ
𣿡δڿˡ
Ľ̵ˣ㻹裬ҶˣĲˣ
δɿɨһۺüĸ׼ѧϰϡĽ˦۵ĸ첲վԱ߱Թ̫ˣӣŪʲôô
ТӣҪҲաδ
ĽһԱ߶ȵʼԼʱ֪ǽˡ
Ⱥϰ֣ȥϴ裬ڴϵʱѾʮһˡĽľƣķ˸űӳ˿˼ԼΪʲôôۣ˰ܽһҪϰ˵©ϵ˵𡭡
»ԭһ£ԼѵܺΪʲôǸָǸǸûûˣĽ׺ָʵ̫ˣڲĺߺ˯ȥȵڶһ磬ӶҪȥɴҹеˣĻǵʲô
ΪҪȥ棬Ľ鸡ʲô޷Ͷ롣ۿŽѧϰҪɲˣδܲܽѧϰˣ
ܲܲȥҹУδʡ
ĽۣУӦȥģ
ҲӦҪѧϰˡδĿ
Ӷ˶Ƭ̣Ľðɺðɣѧϰ
⣬δۿĽϣİС罽ˣ겻ѧϰ񣬾Ͳ׼ȥ
Ľ
ǰŵ˶ԻЦѧϰϣҪǰļʱע⵽ֻ졣һ£ҪôˣͿ̧ͷүһ£ҳȥӸ绰
𣿻û¿ءЩȡ
򴽣ûүҰָҴ绰ˡ
Ŷе㲻ԣһ˵ӣҲǿֻλá
վʱ˺ܶߣƽʱ϶᲻˼ƺ̫أҲûעЩһߣĽʹ˴ĺ󱳣ôˣ
֪Ϳʼ鲻ãҲ˵üͷ
Ľ֣ؿòҲûޣΪʲô鲻ã
ӦǸֳ˰ɣͳһСӿڣϴּӵ绰ʱ˵ˣ˵Ҳ˼߼ҳ֪֮ġ
һҲǽƾʲôô˵ĽܵľӦ
Сһ˭ֳ֪бҵѧˣ˼żĹ⣬͵⣬ȻҲ˼꣬ϻ㲻ǶԳƽʱôܣÿϵֻ
̫ˣôġ粻ͬüͷ
С̾˭ϴһӵһԿĸĸġ
ͬʱ˶һ£һʱ䶼ЩȡһֱĬδɨСһۣܻ˵
Сӣ˵ʲôˣȻܵõı
Ƭ̣ˣ۾ģǿ޹
һصλϣĽˣˣ
һ£ʶСӣСıĬһ˲̾ţˡ
ʲô˰˲ҲˣȻ㣬ҲܵҳĽر˵Ȧˣһ·ˣˣ̫࣬ǰһô˭ġ
ţˡǿЦЦ
ĽֿһۣαŤļ򡣵ǶʱԽСްĽɫݵúܺãοĻھʱǱģô֯Զе飬ǱһӰοĻֻм򵥵
ڳ㶮һۺЦЦŤͷѧϰˣȵϰ¿εʱֱ
緹ʱ䣬Ľûһ𣬶Ǹֵһȥʳã극ֺǰһУһϺͳԵԱ߳ԡ
Ҫȥɣһʮ˷ܣСӸϴ㲻һϷһȤûˡ
԰ϴرҪ㡣һ˽ӻ
鳼бһۣһ˹ӣϴϹǸ㣬ǺþûĸˣĶѡ
鳼ôʲôϴ˵СӲ
ĽЦһָСһ£㵨ԽԽˡ
ô֣ƶǷʵģϴѵһ£úðʡ˽¡
С̸ֳһţһȺ˴ֵ˵ĲĿ㰲ԱߣϵЦͷβûʧ
Ľע⵽˶һΣιһȥ𣿡
СЦ˰ɣôܡ
ðĻ
Сһ£ɶ
ǼôΣҾȻ󲿷ʱȱϯʵ̫˼ˣһҪμӡ㲻˼
С˰һѰ§סˣ湻˼ֵܡ
ǿˣϲɺع
㺦ߵӦһ˵ĴȤƽʱûʲôֻĽüͷòԾ
ʱ򣬻ѧϵһ룬ͻȻˣĿڰѲһȦ˳ϣ㣬һ¡
ˢˢ򴽣һԲĳȥˡĽü뿪ȥĳ嶯
ã顣δ
Ľһ£ֻðãֻٿʱЩĲˡһֱ¿βŻʱۿվǺġ
üôˣ
û¡ҡҡͷ
Ľһӣôˣ
ǿЦЦû
㡣һ˵𣬳΢΢ס
翴˹ȥֻһʮơƶ˽һžһֻϣָ𣺡ֻãððʧʧҲ֪ʲôѧòŹ֣㡭
֪ˣסӦҵĻĻֻװ
˵ɫѿˣ֪ʲô֪ʲôķֻܲãǲǡ
壬˵Ļ֮ǰ΢΢һЦǸ壬ǽңҪ飬ܱ˵𣿡
˿ʱ۵¶һ˿죬Ҳûг˼ҺӷɣǶݺݵĶԳ˵һ䣺ͷˣ˵תˡ
һ뿪ֻһֱλϣ˫۷ֱĶ淢ʱҵĬﵽߵ㣬˭ҲûйȵԼںԺ糣û㸸׵ָһ㡣
ϵʱһȺСѧųУȥδһͬߡ˰ţ̾һе
˼̫ͥͬ¶ۡδ
ƲƲ죬ôͬ˵˻һҪľǿģˣǾǿûоԼļͥеõ֡
أδͻȻʡ
һ£Ǻûô룬ЦˣҰĸĸ
Ǿͺáδ
ɻĿʲô
֪֮ǰЩ֣ܿҾúܺáδ
仰һɳһȵˮļʱȾ÷̣ʺůЦЦδҷԽԽˣֶʲô𣿡
ûСδϡ
üǰ˵Щ
ǰûʶԼĲ㣬֪ˣͲͣԭز
ͣ½ŲЩ˼δ۾λûŬѧϰʱҲѧϰϲķʽá

 61 

ѧʵ̫, Լһѳֲסַ˼ңǼҴҵľˡ쵽¥սǴʱʶĻͷ, Ȼδվԭؿ
ЦЦ, ֱˣһֱϴڴ, նġǰ֪δãӿ, ڽܽ, ־ö̫Ƿ, 벹ʲô
һʱ, С¾͵ˣҪʲô, ȥһ˼ҲûСҪ˯ʱſͻȻʶˡ
˭ü
̴޹̵ܰû£޵, ˯ɡΪǵᣬԲýȥ޹ܰ̾Ҫ뿪ˡ
￩һ, Ͻ´ȥţôͻȻˣ
, ˾ٱѧѧڸ޹ܶŲ顣޹ܰ̾
ôôأɰͰ͵Цһ֪, лл̡
, ϽĽ绰, ֻһͽͨˣû˵Ͳﴫķʹ
ǳ˳飺Ѿ֪޵ˣ
ܳ, ˣ֪裬ĽҲ̲ס˾໰òܳһأƫƫϰ˰һεĲޡ
˰һΣغ˾ٱ˵һ£Ҳ֪ǲġ
Ľܵúܿ죬һ㶼ƽ˳Ȳ˵ˣǵҳȥ
ţעⰲȫ綣һ˵绰˻̾ϢһĽأǶ㲻ˡ
ȻϣһСʱյĽϢ裬ұץˣҪγһ١
翴Ϣ˲Բһͷɥ󣬲ɵһЦˣͷοȥ˯
ڶһ磬ʱЩٵЩ䣬λϵ˻Ѿˡ
ȻߵԼλ£ŤͷʺδǱʦˣ
Ҫˡδһƽ
һҲ̫ˣòܳȥһΡ
óԵġδ˵˰οķʽ
ˣæű飬˵üѧܵõ⵱Ҳû˭ˡ
ô죿δ˭ġ
磺
һȷʶİͷŤ˻ȥԺû±δδ۵һ˿Ц⣬Ťͷ˿տҲĴ⡣
칫ڣ߰˸վһţֻ輦һʵˣˣȫУͶʮѧģǰռ˸ƽʱҪǺúѧϰٶҰֵ𣿣
˵˿ˮĽĽô£ſ㣬͸Ҹ£˵Ϊʲôѧ
Ľһװû뵽ֱʵԼˣͶ˶Сش𣺡ף
ʲôһֵĵӸЩ
Ľһۣࣺòףһ¡
ۡ
֪˭ûס͵ЦһһźһһȺﴫһĶʼЦεˣ˼ӣסȺС쵰
ףǿһ˻ǿڶˣ͸ôףô֪𣿡ηŭʡ
ĽĬĬһ䡮ֻ֪⻰˵ˡ
μתˣһֵͨ㣬ŭ䲻ԭɼãѧϰ̬Ȼԣû뵽㾹Ȼһѧȥɣ̫ʧˣ
շ죬ĵͷĽ̲סʦӲȥģûϵƽʱһġ
԰ʦ֤СӸϽӻ
鳼Ҳ֤
ЦһղŲһԲģż˵ˡ
ʦҲԣҲѧС
ο򴽣ƺЭˣˣһҪתѧķϣҾͲ˵ˣԺڱѧУҪ֪𣿡
תѧСӾȵظһ顣
ĽҲ㿴˹ȥ
û뵽λ˵ɫˢһ°ˡ
üͷû˵Ϊǳһ𣬻ʲô֪ġ
С飺ûü
ƨûüǰţ˵һ仰ʱ䶼ûУĽĿ
βãĽҪ˵໰
촽˶һ仰Ҳ˵
Դתѧ˵վ΢΢ˣ˵Ǽ䣬ǻȥдݼ֣ľû׷ˡ
һȺʱ˭Ҳûп˵㼸ֹûҿĽͷˣ軹˵
Ҫ˵ģæ˵һֳĬˣβګګҪתѧˣҰ˵˽еѧϰûйץϣԾֵͣ뻻˱ţܺúѧϰ԰ϵѧУһͰᡣ
ҪתѧˣĽü
򴽣ðŵ˵ͷ
ܳĽһͷʨӣȴְڱʲôֻǿƢԭش˼תŶųʣأתѧ𣿡
Ĭˣ֪˶ãĿһߣСɣϾ˹УŬѧϰˡ
ڲŬĽʡ
һ£Ӧǲһİɡ
ʲôһһֱŬ㵽˹УҲŬˣҲ֪תѧģĽɫѿ
ԣۿ΢΢ˣ˼ǣ̲Բܵﶼû𣿡
ҲǸ˼
֪ȷʵôѧѧᣬѧһ¾ܿôãɾҲУҲûмԵȨѵø
Ľ꣺˭費㳢ˣ
ˣˣ°תѧԺҲʱϵǹŴһӾֻܼһΰСӸϽȰ
ҲŸͣͷһԲĻؽˡĽҲɫãƬ̺ŸŻȥ

 62 

һֱڰŵ, ͿĽһǰһˣǰߺۣߺ, ǲôӡһ˿, Ƕºչȥʣʦˣ
á㺬
̾οĸ첲ѧץ, ϶Ҫģ̫ϡ
, ллүûɵ, ͷֱˡ
統Ƥ, ûٹ, һĿռ緹ʱʱ, ע⵽Ľ֮ĲԾ
Ȼƽʱһæ棬һæѧϰҲǻᾭģɽһ, Էһ۶ûС
ͽһڴʳóʱ翴Ľɫ, ̲סһ䣺ǳˣ
ûĽĮȻ
һ, ˵ͷǳˡʣΪѧ𣿡
Ľ
˼ǾͲ, Ϊʲôܣ
Ľһ, ˰컹ƵĿˣҪתѧ
һ, Ľ̾Ϣһִ˵ˡ綼֪ô, β˵һ䣺ǹеĽȸ죬ڹȥ»ϣһѧУһ̷ȷӦĽѧʽ
ڶˣʱתѧʵڲǡ
Ҳôãƫ˵ΪӲòô˵ֱҧĽԽ˵Խ
εˣȻҲתѧǻҲˣһߣѧУദʱ䣬ʵҲͽһˡ
Ľ˵΢򴽣Ȼû˵鿴΢˵㡣֪ҪߣﲻģŰοûϵģƽʱĩҲܼġ
ܣзִС٣ҪܲϢһĩĽƵ
ЦЦǾ͵ȸҵҲͼˣԺӻء
Ľ鲢ûΪİοãΪ˲赣ģҲɵĵ˵ͷ֪»ԼڣԱߵδһۺ󣬻Ǿʲô˵ˡ
˳극Ͽλ20ӵʱ䣬Ϊ˰οɥıӣδûֱӻؽңѧУɢûԶͿ㱻ְߣͣˡ
ҲߣҲȥۿŴŵµ
¸첱ӴֵģҶ죬һƣȥѧȥ𣿣˵ɼΪʲô᲻ȥŶЩûõ£Ҫ֪ͨңһСأ
ҲߣӦҵһߵģһûǵ𡭡ϣһİӡһƽʱСõӣƴ˳¸
ʮ**ͣȻҲʮģֲ뿪¸㶯ˣҲܰߡ
̶̼ӵĹ򣬳¸һŵĺɿĸ첲߲ߣ
ߣ͵˼
¸ҪһۼĿˣŭЩѶں棬Ͻߣ
һ£ͷ˺һ˲հס
ȥ¸ŭ
ѿĵͷεҲֹѡ
㽻ʻͦ㷺Уٸʱ䣬ѧУѶʰˣһһؼҡԸߣ¸֪ԼҲˣֵֻת뿪
ͷĬãȵߵǰʱŵǿЦˡ
һ飬ȥѧУ𣿡ĽӲĿڡ
򴽣βʵ벻ҪҰҪתѧô죿ŬѧϰˣɼΨһһγɫĩǿδ׼ıʼǲźһ㣬ϵģʲôѧУû취̻Ķһ
ǳе¸УرõСǣȻһȺûһϵģܺã᲻ߡ
ô죬ȥղŲǷͦãĽŭʡ
ɬҡҡͷûõģͲڳе£Ϊѧץˣڹתѧûˡ
ûͻȻʲôѧĽӿһ꣬һκܳȥ¡
ۿˣҡҲû뵽һӾͱץˣֻ룬ҪתѧˣԺ϶ûһˣ֮ǰ䣬û뵽
˺ˣ侲һ£ôˣһ취缱æο
Ľ̵ԣûһ취
ûõģȰ۾
Ľüͷ뵽ʲôδĸ첲ԼʱСڴʣˣ취òã
ͳĿתδж¶һ˿š˵Ŀ£δƬ̺󿪿ڣ˹ִһʮͷţ
еϣˡ
Ƕ֢ҩԡ׾֮ǰδĲһ䡣
Ľæʣô֢ҩ
ְתѧĿʲôδʡ
Ľһ£úѧϰ
ֻṇ̀ҪģǳɼδĽڳе¾һ㣬ȻԲתѧ
ҾתѧˣѧϰҲá㱯
ĽüġԽԽͻȻ뵽һ֮ǰҲԼѧϰϣ㿴ֻѧһ£ҲͦôҰ֡δƶѧϰͺˣ϶һɿ졣
һ˵꣬㻹ûȼϣδҾܾ
Ľһ£Ϊʲô
ûоδֻĸ֡
Ľˣôûоˣǰæѣ֮ǰÿҺƶѧϰҲܸ11֮ǰ˯
Ľδ΢Ҫôߡ
Ĳ켸ҪˣĽ㶣һʱû졣ʱԲǿЦЦҲˣѧУҲУƽʱƵϵȱҵٺúһ档
Ľһֿۣ˿δһԲת뿪ˡ㱧ǸĿδԲΪҺǳˡ
δԱߵԲûʲôĽûԵģܿͺͺˡ
̾һҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
һڵɢǱ¼ҸͻȻˣĥһҲϿʱ䣬һͬ˽ҡֻһβǳ˱Ťδ֮Ҳ΢
һ죬û˵һ仰緹Ҳûһԣһֱʱ䣬ĽҪһߣæδûǮҺһȥɡ
أδ
֪ΪΣδ͸ЩԵίһ˲ۣתһ־Լˣһٷѣ֮ǰֲûйôܻίء
ЦЦԼ԰ɣҪԶˣȥ˵ȥ׷Ľˣ׷ʱͻȻͷһֻۣδͣԭؿеίƺˡ
һ£ʶŤͷȥȻԼѾĽǰˣĽҲƺڵһ»ǸĽˡ
ĸһͬԷʱӶδ񣬷ԵöЩĲɡ
˵˵öԲԣĽ롣
͵ػ񣬿üͷֻؤŻ롣
Щ߰ġĽν˵꣬ǹԹ԰ѿӷˣ˳ѻ˻ȥ㻹ûأҰְ㣬ǲǾ֮ͣ
֮͡ʣֻаæԼ˵ûʸ˵ģбһۣУΪ°ܡ
Ľһ£ͻ
ģ˵ˣ˸ֱۣԼĲмĽҷõʱͦãҪǷֱǰ˸˶ס
ôˣĽ
һʱڣҲԸѻ˵̫ף³ѿҲ²̨㣬δ㣬ƾʲô
ѣĽۡ
繴𴽽ǣҲ֪ѣδѰ
֮ǰͬƽʱҹϵ𣿡Ľǲ
ЦһҪһ䣬δ˱ʲô𣿡
Ľһ㶡
Ը䱡Ϊ飬ҺͬѧôãûһѣҲмѣƽʱ˵ͬǺѪԵϵҲһԷˣȴԸЩദ治֪Ϊʲô𣿡翴Сǣֻ붯һ١
ĽѾ˸оʶʣΪʲô
ȻΪ㣡һֱϲ˼ʽΪȴˣŭ㲻жҲˣָƶѧϰܰæʲôѣˣû۹ǣ
Ľˣ˺ܾúͻȻعǸȰĺӣƽʱҲִżţǼʱҲܿĻͻȻʶԼĴ￪ʼ
ǡˣĽʡ
һҲûЩ׸41Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ҪѾʮ£ٿΪһٲɡ
ˣڸô죿Ľ˵ôЩˡ
Цô죬ǸֱԭΪֹڳ£ǿһ취㲻ܹ⿿һ죬ͰжˣԼһɣﲻҲû취ֻתѧѣֲսûʲô˵ġ
ĽګګӦ˵ƿһ㣬һʱɬĿʲôС
Ĳɵһٷ꣬ٻؽʱĽ㻻һ̬ȣȻδʼɫʲôΪĽˣͷ緢Ϣ˼Ƭ̺󣬽Ȼ֮ٵǸԼڷѧʱúøδġ
ĽӦˣȵϷѧһˣܿʰöδһͬߣ·δĬʱȫ綼١
ŷ֣ԭǰÿһλ·ϣʵδǸһˣû˵ˣԼȻҲſ
ڿ쵽ǰʱһס𣿡
ȰҰ㣬öѿˣδһ֣֪ĽǻȳҲ֧֣ǲǿԸ¡
绹û˵Ϳ˷ǽɵþЩЦûҪȰ㡣
δ䵭ϺĽһԵķ
ţ粻Ŀ
δԣźһԷ
綮ˣɵЦǰ㣬ίˣû˵ȥһԷҪѵĲԣûʲôϵ
δһ£ģ
Ȼģƭʲôĵ
δųϢŵЩҪ˵ʲô
ĬΣСʣҺĽϰ۰ɣ
δһ£˵ۣǲҪҰ㣿
ô.иʲôֻѡ
δŵڣֻۣżЩġ
ô˵ҲͬʱΪͬĸϰ˵ıر𣬶ƻѣѵҪǵ˵ÿ̫࣬Ҳ̫٣żЩ
ô˵ʱ۵òУƽʱʲôû˵ģӦۻ˰ɣʵ԰ƶܼƻģÿ춼ŪԼҲϢá
Ӧġδ黺Щ
̾ϢһΡ
úѧϰҾֵˡδס֡
Ӧһǣ˰ֺͻȻҽѾ˵Ľˣ֪ˣԺ󲻻ЩҪ󣬵ȥ֮϶ҪǸĻͺݺһٳˣ֪𣿡
δĬһ˲ΪһȰҡ
ҲŲᣬҲϣ˵ע⵽δ˼񣬾˾Сÿ׼ѧϰϣÿһ֪ʶ㶼˺ܶע֪ͣҪܴĺ;Щ£ҡҲ۵ġ
δ΢һ۾зһ΢⡣
˵Щ˼ǹС˶ûҪҲ᲻ȥˡ
䣬δͷһ£۾ŵĿΧһȦȷû˺յ±˿
¡δᡣ
һۣСܿˡδûȥ׷ĿıӰʧ󣬲ת¥ȥ
¥ʱŭһºˣֱԼȥţû뵽㡢СӺͼ鳼ڣ˿۾ͷ΢ҵĽ˿δͬʱһ¡
δЩǱļһۣڳΣǿʣôˣ
ˣǸӣСŭĿʼ͡
δ˰Σˣԭһֱڰȥ£֮󣬾;ٱ̵ȥˡ
³˲û֪ģƫƫûŵģµĸ˵ˣ˵ʱûţĽˣֱӰһ٣Сӵ˷˾ţ֮Ű
ҪΪ缸ҲôҹܣҲڱΪ鳼ҲòᣬĽȴϴˣ϶ҪҰθ״ʱϴҪ
̫쵰ˣûʲô취Ƶס𣿡
ʳ˶޻˵ˣ֮ǰͬѧôãҲֹһΣҪܸ͸ˣĻһ¡
δһۣа취
鳼̿ĽһĵĴӷŭʱ߳δš
˵Ŀ£δƽʲôʲôҪģֻҪñãܴݻ
һô˵Сˣ㿪Цأ˭һţٵģ֮ǰһЩôܿù
ô֪
Сӡͼ鳼ͬʱһ㶣Ϊ仰δ˵ģĽ
δƽĿһĺδӣӢֻʮ֣ÿˢ⣬Ҳѧһ£Ҿҿԡ
ϴ󡭡鳼ɵˣ֪ÿȰ
δĬãԣ԰ƶѧϰƻκˣԼܰﵽ
Ľ㶣ý˼·

 63 

Сһɵࣺϴ󡭡㲹Σ
šδӦһ
Сӵһ, ˣϴοĺһ㣬ҲΪӢռ, ڹ, Ӣ˵ֻСһ㿴ɼ, ˵㣬ô
ԭȵĵһڶ, ܾò̫, ڿλ, ֻû, Ļ˵
ǰϴӦá̫а, Ľտ鳼Ҳȷˣ˵Ľæתƻ, ˵һҪˣϴ԰æΣҲ
Ľ˵Ѫ, »ع, ҲòǸ㣬ǿӮ, 췽ҹ̷, ڲܡȻѾ˵, һţû취Ŀڡ
ݼҸ˭ûп˵, 鳼Щżʣأôģ
ĬãګګҾתУѧϰɼҲáҲ뿪ǡ˵꣬ĿĽϴܰ𣿡
Ȼ˶췽ҹ̷ĪĽ
ϣĿ£Ľ侲ˣҲ˵ܾĻĬκ󿴵еĹƺϨˣĽͷһҧûʲôԵģԸ㡣
𣿡͵̧
Ľ˵ͷڴӦ֮˵ͻȻ˳ˣţҰһһ϶û⡣
ЦҪ˵ͻȻ뵽ʲôɬҰ֡ƲӦ¡£һжûˡ
ڳͬʱһĬ˭Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡδƽĻصԼĿռڣϵĶһϴƷҪȥ̨ʱСͻȻһĴȣа취
δŶ̨ߣȻСӵһ޶ϵˣ
δͣ˼ĿСӣҲ۵Ƕ취ɡ
ǲǰȥѣͱˣҪһ޶ϵܴĽͬ
Сһһ˵ӽϴͲ֪ˣ˵ҳ߶û
ҳ߶ɣСظһ飬ʵû˵
û˵ͶˣΪԼܽġСЦ
ĵлĽһһڴϺʵˣԹԵСϵҳ߶ɣ˵㷸˴ҳһСʱôû˻⣬֮ΪĴ㣬ߴ߼죬㷸ʲôҪˣҪҳ£ỻ˵һٱᣬй߸һϣôǾͻҽţԲ˯ãʲôʲôҳߵģﷴҪˡ
鳼üóҳߣǶൢѧϰ
ǲɵ˭ҳˣҳ߶֣СҲ͸ڼ鳼ǰһˣŵֻССһ£᲻֣ͻĴֻ֣ŵİΣ¾ͲҪˣʱӦ£˳µ£
е鳼ګګ
ЦһҰһ㶼ңôܻΪҷ־Эֻһ١
һ㣬ΪʲôתѧҾÿһ¡ĽͻȻ
һ£Ӧһ𣿡
šĽͷ
Ľô˵ڶ¾ѯδأҲôã
˵ĿٴξۼδϣδĿСӣЩֵ֪ʶǴѧģ
ڳͼҳĶܽģôɣҪҴڸ㾭飿Сʮֵ⡣
δ԰
ģСû뵽ҪһʱЩ𾪣ѧϰôãƽʱôʡģҪЩ
ţ˽һ˶ôԸģͦáδ˵ţ״ɨĽһۡ
Ľŵú󱳳һ㺹ƲϵҴжԸ衣
㵱Ȼã㲻ǿ𣿡СȻûĽ裬˻Ǻ˽ģǵǸʱ˵Լʱ裬ְܻ̲סһоһӣõŸѧЩ
𣿡δƽĿڡ
ĽﰧһһСӵϣֺȰʱϽڵ˵ǳ£һ޶ϵϷ𣿡
һѻ˵ע̼δϣδɨ۳׾ԡ
ΪʲôСӲ
δĸ˽ǵˣ֮ãΪǲһʶҪ棬Щģһۿеȫϡ˵꣬תȥ̨˳㽫̨֮Źˣʹ˷ָ
ﱻδϹСѧͻȻߣ󣬼鳼̽񲻿ǲǲ̫У
Ҿÿԣһû趷Ƕ¹ˣ˵Ļ߱ο壬Ҷܽľ飬϶ûġСȻġ
鳼üһô죿
оתѧĽʲôתѧԡĽ˵꿴㣬أ
ĬƬ̣һ˾ģͬŬҪˡ
ǾôˣСһĴȣģǺúüƻһ£ݸ飬ʱ޷ģ϶û⡣
ţ۾Ӧһ
δ̨ʱѾɢȥĽһǰδŵվֻʣ¸Ӷˣղֵһɨգ֮ٴγĬ
Ƭ֮ĽδҪôæú˫˹ȥ㡣
δһۣƽĿʼͷĽִٵվһԣͷѴߣګګ֣ԲҲΪҺãȻľøöѺã˵öԣԼѣӦûʸң֪ˡ
δĿ棬û˵
ĽڨڨĶ׵űߣϥǻ˻Σ֪ˣԺҾԲ£ְˡ
δһ£ͷĽֺõЦЦ֡
С˵ûδ˼
Ľɻ󣺡ʲô
Ȼ֪Լ裬Բÿηδޱ顣
Ľ
δǡ
ۿҪɿƵķߣĽæǸȲЩܿ𣿡
ԡ
Ľһ٣ģӱҺá
ĳɼ̫δ99ֺ100֣Ĳֹһ֣൱̲࣬ƽʱˢ⣬ܽƽά670ңһ˵еµʦʲѧУ˵ֻֻͨҪŬû⡣
Ľ޵ģãҾȥһʱ䣬һԵģ
԰ɣȻ£ʧܵĿܣٿޱӾͺáδ䵭Ŀһۡ
֪ѾԼˣĽٺһЦ֪˰ְ֣ҷƽ̬ҪӮĿֻ꣬Լ֪ʧҲˣҪ߹ʺӮҲǶˡ
Ĵˣղ嶯ʱ侲־òСˣͳܺߣȫˣһֱǰ㣬ֻĵطӮܳ״
ĽĲֺϸ׼䣬δüչˣŹԹԻȥ˯ȵڶʱȲĸ˵¡
ѾˣѧУ˴룬ʳģһڽͣ׼극һؼҡ
Ľļƻбδһۣ˵ܿ񣿡
šδƽӦһ
ĽӣûҰ˵û⣬ǿ϶û⣬أ
ҰҾүر˼ûסЦһ뵹һݣ͸ҽָ꼶ڶһӰ׳ôȴԼ׺˾ڼ򵥵жûˡ
裬ôܴңĽΧ˵ע⣬ÿһ£ͲС㣿
ĽƲƲ죺㲻ҡ
ңҲ㣬Ҫ۵ʵʵ㲻ǣ˵Լ뿼ǰʮǻеܣҪһˡһ
ĽľǵڶһҵҲܸ
ҲùٸװТ˳ʧЦ
Ľһ˸ӵؼҰɣסѧУͲȥˡ
һ㶣㲻ȥ
ţҪĽ˵һ£δȻȷܲУҪԵġ
˵תˣûܰ˽лֻĿδؼô죿ҪҲȥˡһʱãδסһ𣬸оֱŤġ
δһۣĬúʣԼ𣿡
ãȻĿ
δĶ⽥죬ȴһԼɡ
գһ۾ԼԼ𣿡
šδס
羲Ƭ̺΢ЩţҲ֪ôԼᣬǰֻȥ»ꡣ
δĬһ˲ȥ»ꣿ
ȥľܾƾʲôȥƵ꣬ȥ»ꣿ
δ
ʶԼ˵ʲôʱ죺ҡҲǸ˼
˼봿㣬ڻʱ򡣡δϵĺѾӵˣòżѵ
ˣæֵ治Ǹ˼ҽ͡
ȱҵɣδЩȣٵȵбҵ
磺Ҿһʱ죬ˡȻ˵˵ˣ˿ٽͣҲûʲô˵ˡδڿ񣬾֡Ȼ̫ż˵㵫û취ֻôӦˡĸо
ȻûǸ˼

 64 

ֻһؼ, оеֵģֻδֵʮֵҲ˼¶Լľִ, ֻܸżװ, Ļ治ˡ
һͬ˼ţҪ, δס𼱡
𣿡¿ˮŵĿ
δ΢, εҪԼ᣿
ڣ羪ȡ
δ򴽣ںæ
ǵû, û뵽ջؼҾҪȥԼ, ⡢⻹š翴һʱС
δĬһ˲ǰʱ򣿡
ȻҪȥ», ̾˼붼밡, ҪԷӰ·Ҫ»ꡣ
δŻЩ𣿡
ԥһ£ûˡ
δƬ̣Щ꣬ҲòСʱ, Ǿ͵ϰɡ
ôˣ˯ȥ˯, , ϳȥԼᡣ۾һİ
δӦһ, Ц, Ц;Լ, æɤӣûʲôµĻҾ˰
ȥɡ
ûס, ¶һЦݣδһ£㶺æתܽˡ
̸ǰ꣬Ȼÿ춼һţżҲᾭ棬ġѧΧΪԼᣬϸ˵ǵһϵԼᡣ
ڴϹ˼Ȧһ˯ⶼûˣֻ̾Ľ죬ȻʼϷһ꣬緹ֿʼϵԼˡ
ûһ˯⣬ֲֻˣתһȦܵ¹ǰ·ѡ˺ðһ֯ȹǰʱĴ£ǳɫϵĴ俴ʮůֽƽվŵͷɢƽһᡣ
᲻̫¡ˣ
еԥԼ̫ⳡԼĻᱻδȡЦȻûȡЦֹô롣
·ĺܺÿ־ˡԥҪŵʱҧҧ·߳źηĿδ׼װ㻻·ʱϴʲôסˡ
Σʣװ
ǰʱģδĶ䷺죬ϰԱһףʽϾͿԻϡ
ǳ˳飺ýҪϣ
ôһʣδĬһ˲ÿ𣿡
Ҳǲÿ͡ǲ̫ʣЦãֻȥԸӰûҪôŵġ
δԽխģ·ӣ˿̻Ϻõװһ־ӢζǸϹӣҲ˵ÿԼʱ򣬴ȷʵ¡عͷˡ
δԣѵ¶һ˿ȣԭЦһæοʵҲѡ˺ܾõ·ѡиͬɫϵǽ촩װɡ
װδһ
æ˵ͷĿҲ΢΢ȣţװ
ȥҡδ˵꣬תطˡ
ĺһĺɵЦ˳δⳡԼᣬǿҪˡ
δܿ컻һ·ɫҲůɫվһܰ䡣͵ĴͷŴһ飬Цŵܺÿ
ҲܺÿδŶ䣬򶨵ĳ֡
æ˲ĺԼֽ˳ȥδǣסˡֱȥδԤõĲԷʱӰûѡյδߣֻ뿴ʲô
ֲƬδ
һ£㲻𣿡
£δش˵һ£ʣ𣿡
°ƽʱϲֲƬԼʱ뿴һЩѪĻƻգ˳˸ѡ
Ϊδ˳ˮ۵˵ˣ˭֪Ĭһ˲ᶨĵ˵ͷǾͿֲƬ
磺
šδĬĬۡԼṥ˵ֲƬŮԽЧԽá
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪԼŸɣһӰѣ绹ǲƽϵģջѡ˿ֲƬ
극ȥ˵ӰԺδȡƱʱ˱׻Ϳ֣δ΢΢üú
յţġ͡
δͬ⡣
һ£ͻȻԼˣæͣѻҴסϴξΪǰ˼죬ز׼˵ˡ
ȥ·ϣǵЩҪõĶδƽѡ
бһۣ˵ԴϴξһκѾһģͼﶼУ϶á
δŲ˵ˣʱһһͬӰӰˣСռһ룬ҵλºûãƾˣӰ˺ڰŴӫϿʼ档
ӫĻ20̽ĸֱʺDЧﵽ˶壬ֻһ򵥵Ĺ棬ӾЧȴƬһǸʱһ۾
2042ĻҲ̫ˣҿǸʱ࣬û뵽ôе˷ܡ
δӦһûӫĻʲôڶǰŵС¿ǵӣӦǵһԼᣬִپȼҪ绹Ȼ
Ӱʽʼԭƻյ磬˿̳Ͷ뵽ֲƬȥԱߵδ˲ˡ
δҲŴӫĻעתԱߵϣ⿴һרעĶǰһ߳ű׻ϣʮʡ
ǣһߣķ˿еԶ
ǰŵСѾʼι׻ˣԭЩ˼֮ࡣδĬһ˲˱׻
ֱӰͰˣѹҸղų˺ö࣬Щ԰ɣһҲԲˡ
δ˶٣ĬĬӹ׻ޱĿʼԡζģ÷壬ֻ˼žͲˡǰŵСƺҲˣʼϻιһܣʮۡ
Ƭֱ̣ߵĿ֣ûݹȥԼģཹེ˺üڡδ򴽣ʣҪҵ𣿡
ˣҸպ꣬ʡ˵ʱ۾һգգĶӫĻ
δ׷ʣĺú𣿡
һǿ֣ڵ׻ײͣҾֱˣҪʵڲϲȣԳȥģˡ
δû£Ҳʡ˵ֱЩû˵ˡ
ֻʮӺŤͷˣҳġ
˵һע˻ֵĿ
δĬһ˲ҵζе֣볢ġ
ֿ֣ǴһﵹģζӦһİɡ
δ˵ˣΣֻðԼĸ㳢ɡ
δĿĴɣЩӹȵʱϸı顣
ûе뽿ߡ
˰죬ԷûʲôӦֻðѿֻֻǻЩģζһҪ㳢ҵġ
Уҡ綼ˣӰܿ죬΢עҪˣֻȰӦȥ
δԸԼĿ֣ȻֻǷɿ˼ڣȻ¹Ķ˵ζȫһҪʵھζԣ
δƬ̣ˡ
磺ôоеʧ
ʱʱһ£ע˻̲סʲôһ˼Ҫڣľ鳹׿ˡ̾Ƿ˵ӰȫȫĴδ
Ŵţע⵽ĿƺӫĻϣһ£˳Ŀ⿴ȥͿǰŵˣ˿Ѿˡ
磺
һŹֵĳĬãδڿ̲סӡδһ£̿ôˣ
翴һΧյСܶ˼ҿ˼ҷô졣
δû뵽˵һµá
ЦЦӦòϲ۲˵ѽΪʲôúÿӰ
δĬһ˲ʵʵ˵û顣
üΪʲô
û˵꣬﷢һУӰҲž翴δüͷһ£ֻܿعƽ㶣㺦ˣ
δϲͻȻԲ¶Щ죬û뵽ˣҪ˵ǣͿĵı飬߾ͳˣе㡣
鿴ֲƬһΪ㲻أǳȥɡæ
δץס֣ߡ
㲻𣿡Ρ
δһǰŵ£˿ŮѾˣĬһ˲㣬ҾͲˡ
æӦˣһλãһֻסĸ첲һֻץס֣˽һ
أ𣿡絣ĵʡ
δĬһ˲ĵá
رµĻͱ۾綣
δӦһһֻҲ˹СַסܰĿӰˣֻǾѾʮǧֻһ¿ֲЧˡ
ЩЧͦޣɿ˷ҲϿ飬һֱû˯ɵľ磬δûδļϡ
һȿʱδ̱ò̫Ⱥһ㡣
ôͣδץס֣Ȼʡ
ü̫ˡ
δȻĬĬЩΪĸ߶ȣһֱֱͦһȥ
ӰСʱ˯һСʱʱӰĵѾˡãȻΧһȦδˣ
šδĿڼϵˮϡ
˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥʱһ죬ǿװ򶨵һҵĿˮ
ţǡδϵ
ʱˣбһۺûı׻ֱӳȥδ۵һ˿Ц⣬׷ȥǣס֣ûѣֻȥˡ
ǣƵţӰԺﲻԶ˱ûд򳵣׼һ·߻ȥ
ѾˣĽֵȴһĺ֡δƽĽ绤ԱߣĴֵĽУŰСȥ
һڣ͵ˡδ
һ£û뵽գɵЦʣҪʲô𣿡
šδ̹Ȼϡ
պ벻ҪʲôʣҪʲô
㡣
磺
Ƿ֮㻹ûʽӦϣӦŮѡδ˵ţٴη졣

 65 

Ļһ, ŷӦԼˣԼû˼һء
δ˵, üͷ΢΢׼ܾ
ôͲܾܾˣʧЦ
δã˶, ھܾʲô𣿡
˵⻰ʱ, ǡ˴Ա߾ʱ̽Ŀ˹Ͻδ, Цõһʲôû˵, ôְҴˣ
ܾ𣿡δ׷, ҪǾܾ˼
۾˵ҪȴѧԺٸҺͺ𣿡
֮ǰ, ųҵʱ򣬡δһ, ڲǲų𣿡
һ㲻˵ˡδս֣Ҳ͸һ˿㣬Ӧҡ
û, ǰҪģбһۣС, ˵, ¡νģһ뵽ᱻĽ֪, еŤ, ǵĸ, ߣ̻ܽġ
ڸʱһ졢ͨ͸, ˣĽȴδͬˣʾҪֹؼʱŮô죿һҵŮѲϸһѧϰô죿
һ뵽Щ㲻ɵòɣ̾һҲ̫ˣԼɵʲô½̻Сӡ
δһǳ촽΢΢һʵ
ʲô翴
δĬһ˲߻˸򣺡ʵϴѧ֮ǰһֱߣҺһᣬʲôõͷǶܵһʱ䷢֣ԲõӰ졣
ҲУͻٸˣٱ֪һ㶼ûԺôˣһ档
δ΢֪ˣô죿
㲻֮ǰ°ɣ۾붼룬Ҫ֪˵ˣĲˡ
δ̵û˵
ڿ϶û˵˵ԺԺҲ׼˵ﻹʣһʱ䣬ǻȥ֮ʲô֪ˡһ뵽û˼ලˣʱ졣
δˣҪٵһꣿ
ɣ߿꣬Цеģͦϲڵ״̬ȻǲбˣûҲûʲôĶԲ
δͬĿЦЦǣס֣һͬȥ
ûжƵݵ£ĶȹһĩĽҲûţһȺСѧϵоһôƭ㸸ףκڶ˸塣
磬δѧУûУſھͿĽվţ翴Це֣ȵԼʱЦૣ군ˣôѵյôãһûòˡ
ûңҲ𣿡δʵ
ֵĿһۣȻᣬģֲǡ
ûңδü
ǳ˳飬ҪȥĽѾܵ˸ǰЦôԼûСһ𣿡
ȥˣȥУſڵˣĽЦǻûԷɣҲûأѧУſ˼²Ǵȥ
ҪӦɨɢδһºЦǵ֣ǼĽ
ְ֡Ľ˳ӵĿδ۾װ޹
ҲѧվãһɵĸУְ֡
δ΢Ƭ̺ǳĬĵ˵ͷĸһ˸ƾҪߣδĬߵм䣬ĸָˡĸȻǵİߣüͷչ
һͬ˲һߵһģʣ£ô𣿡
ˣؾû⡣Ľظ֤
Ц𣿡
ģǶ׼ˡĽ˵ţѼƻȫг
û뵽ôҲóԺɲ׼ԸǰȻûˡ
ôᣬҲŲǡĽٺһ֡
翴ԼɵЦӣûסһֱŶ
ţԵģĽ˵꣬δһֱ˵һºʣ֣ǲǾǷװ
δĬһ˲ǷײǷ˵Ҳǻɹʱʧܣֻ׸ųѧУԼΪѵǡ
ʧܡɣĽȨ̫ߣֻһ仰Ľ˶ҡʲô취
̹ϣúģ˵˵δ
ĽҲľܾˣУһǸģôܺúģ
ǸöԼҳġδ
Ľһ£üͷ΢΢֣ǲΪҳر㸸ףһֱվڼҳĽǶ˵
δ
Ľ̾ǰְ֣мҳһСһȫСﳤ֪ΰԼĺӣҲһ֪ǷȱԸⷭϴͷѧ󲿷ֵļҳʮְ֪ģһƲܹ꣬ı䡣
δãȻѾ뷨Ǿȥ̫ҵĿ
ţǻῴŰġĽᶨĵ˵ͷ
δһۣһϺȡ
һٷ꣬ĽһȥҳˣδƵ·ϡΣδʣô
֪Ҿ˵öеûľˣãȻĿδ಻ͬĿĶһģϣܺã԰ɣ
δס֣أϣ𣿡
ߣҾϣߣߣҾϣߣҲܿƵģǸӦҪҳİɣ˵̾ڸĵĽôĵİ㣬ܰ£Ӧûİɣ
δƬ̣𣿡
֪ԳҪߵ£绹ûʲôʵʵĸоӦҲ᲻Ӧɡ
δ˼ãͷ֪ˡ
ʲô粻⡣
δһû˵ǣǰȥȿ쵽Уſʱ˶ȻȻķſ˶Է
һܿ쵽ϰû꣬¸͸Űιˣ˵˻ֱӰѳ˳ȥ
ЩŵվŲŲλãڱڳһ
ͣǧţһҪһ㣬Ǻ÷ȥСӹй¶൱ŵ顣
¿ˮһصĵ˵ͷ
ɰڴһ٣ǧӡĽһ䡣
ӦһȰδߴٺߡһߣĽ̶棬Ҳ̲סſڿֻһأ¸£ʼվǿվڰſڣֱ¸̲סҪʱͻȻҲߣ
һر죬쵽ѹ˰ı°ͬʱһŶ̽Ŀ˳ȥֻŤͷܣκͳ¸Ͻ׷˹ȥ
Ľͼ鳼СӶһۣ̳˳ȥ̲סͷδϷݵãҪǰ֪籾ҿ϶Ҫƭȥˡ
Ϸõ̫ˣȷʵ󡣡δ΢΢ü
˵ͷҲðɣƭӦû˰ɣ
ԼҲƭȥˡδ͸һ⡣
һ£ʲô˼Ͻܣһһ߸Ľ˴绰Ȼûһġ
ֻֻܰװؿڴֱĽ˵Ľѧ¥ܡѧУѧ¥ΪûеݣֻĲߣܿ㵽̨ϣ˿̳Ѿվ˻ǰһ׸ߡ׿ʯվţԶĵطվų¸ˡ
ҲתѧҾҪҪǱңҾʹȥ۾
¸ףôôرӵģ
侲㣬Ҫٴ̼һô죿Ľʱڡ
鳼Ҳһ԰ǻǰ壬̼ˣҪʵڲתѧǾˣѧһûҪΪתѧƻӸ顣
¸ЦһǵȰ⵱Է磬ų䳰ȷģǸʲôһ᲻֪С͵С⣬Ҹɱһף˵ɣĸӽģӲ˺죡
Աֻӣ
ԼҪģûκιϵҲתѧҡһ¸ǰһһ˫ŲסķֻзŻǿվ
¸ӵĿҲҪתѧȥû;͸ߣ
⻰һ˵ڣڳͬʱһ£βͬĿְ֣㲻ô˵ʱǴ̼
԰԰ʦ˵öԣô˵СӸϽ
¸ŵһۿСӵˣһҪЩѣҲУõģ浱ӿ
Ľɫһ䣺˵
ô˵ˣҪǣѧϰɼҲһֱôǸǹģŻᵽһһпָ֢ˣô뵽¥¸þͲƿڴˣƤϵķⶼò
Ľͬʱһ㶣ôҲû뵽пָ֢֮ǰʱ򣬶ֻн̨
ҿָ֢أƽʱҲϸߴֻҪ¿Ͳѣ̧͡
ĽŷģСŤͷԳ¸壬಻ţƽʱһֱѧϰûܹҲûдŹҪǰȰҪǿǲ˳ۣԺðθǵλԶˡ
λ˵൱ˮƽһǲϳȵˣֱ͸˳㲻뿪İʾʮίζ̲סˣǰְ֣һһ˽ģȻϵҪãƽʱټȥ棬Ҳֻӡ
ǻӣΪʲôһѧɣ¸β
Ľ򴽣һΣľһΡ
ץס˾һΣҪûץסأ¸Ŀһۣ㣬˵һ飬Ҫô͸ߣҪôʹȥ¥Ҳˤ㣬зϣҲǷһ֮ǰûʲô𣡡
˵ְ̫鳼̲סˡ
¸ЦǼҵ£ֲǹܣ
㣡鳼ҪǰȥĽסˡ
ĽһҪˣ
ԣһҪߣ¸ȫû˼ųҹ
ƾʲôңڱһƽʱҪ޵۾˿һᶼûУƾʲôңСǸүү̳ģҪʱҲûңʱˣװðְˣûʸûңƾʲôң
Ϊģ¸ŭ
㴭۵Ǿģ㻳̥ʮ㾭ʹչ˹ҹĹ㶼ûУˬһ¶ѡ
㣡ü侲㡣
ʦû£Һ֮£㲻ò͡ʵ
¸Ѿŭ˼£һð֮£Ҫ׬Ǯϵ˳е£֪ѧѶ𣿣
Ǯ㱨Ժˣȫ㡣۵
¸Цˣ㻹ֻҪҵѪһ죬Զ壬ҶӣǷҵģ
ãҰˡͻȻƽĿһ֮ת˻
㣡һĻǵļƻĽֹ
ĽҪǰߣЦһϴ󣬱
ãҲȥ侲һ£ǧɵ¡Ľ׻ˡ
һֱ¥ݿڵҲ̲סǰ㣬֣
¸ɫҲˢһ°ˣ棬˶Ҫ̱ڵϣ¿ǧ¿ʵģͷ̧
㻹ᣬ֮һ´ٵְ֣סԲҲԲǮЩҪһҪڻҡҡ׹
¸ǧ
㻺۾ſ˫Ҫµ
㣡
ҴӦ㣡¸
͵۾Ҳ¸
¸˳ˣſڣҴӦ㣬תѧˣ۲תѧˣ
ģɵʡ
͵صͷģ
㶢˰Σѡӻȥˡһ˺ΧȥһŭһΪתѧ˸ˡ¸úǰȥ
ִٵĿ֡
ž
һİڳϣֱӰƫˣ˶Ĭټֻ̨ʣ·
衭ߣ¸ҾԲȥ
Ŀƭҡ
¸ץס󣬳¥ߣĽǰ裬һƿˡ
ϴ󣡡ʧһ
Ľ¸һٵĳ嶯ǵ㣬ֻסֹ
һȺקקĵ¥ݿڣ¸Ҫų¥ʱһӰ¥ݿڴ
δСĽһ
δһۣŤͷ¸ֹһΣһλֹ𣿡
˭¸ûʡ
δ䵭ĺӣؼңͲɱˣļԡףֻҪԸ⣬ÿһɱĹߣѷհһܱ֤ˡ
㵽˵ʲô¸üͷ
δİɣԸ׵ݡ

 66 

¸δߺ, αʣ¼һС칫Źúŵǰ¡
վھԶĵطС޹ʣԸ׵ݡʲô˼
Ľһ, Ŀ, һ㶼°ְǳĵڸ, ȻҪԸ׵ݸδ̸
ôã仰˵, ҲһСЩãȻ, ˵ղ³ʱ, ĺϿ˸Թԡ
ĽͷĿڣ˵˵ʲôأʮ, ôܾ͵ˣ
԰̫, ôܻиԹԡ鳼̲סЦСӡ
Сһֻôһ˵Ȼ֪ܵˡ
Ľһۣ΢Щˡ
ˣ, Ϊѳ°ְֵݣԲô˵ģڵ֮, ǵһ̸еĽɡʱ
ôһ˵, ˶ʱע˳ϣӸղŽžͲ˵ĳ, ŰɬǲǸˣ
ĽĻش, Ǻݺһĺסû, Դĳһ죬ͷȥ
ε, СӺͼ鳼ʱΪҪĽˣû뵽ֻЦһȷʵôֲʲô˵£ѰٻģҪѧУ涨巣Ҷһš
ʦߣݵġĽ
α㣬βŰĵ׵ŭѹ£ˣԼѣҴܰ˴𣿳㣬ֻϣһΣһΣͬڳе£Ҳǰ࣬ȫΣҵ𡣡
֪ʦͷ૵
򴽣ŻʣΪʲôԸתѧô᲻⼸ѣ
ʦôô˵ĺѡ鳼̲ˡ
εһۣѣĺ𣿱ΪҲ֪㣬еСɼһֱϲ£첻ǴϷѧҪѣΪʲôúý̽
㶼˵ˣҲҲѧô鳼ήˡ
εۣѧ㻹ǲ
鳼ʱ˵ˣСƲƲ죬һʮεӡ칫ﾲһȺ˶ڵδƬ̺еסˣʦҪȥһ°ɣ
ȥʲôδԼܸ㶨ͷҲ̧
üɳ°ְֿرӣδ˵ֱ̫ףһˣδԿô죿
ҪԿˣһŮܰʲôæβ˵Ŀ
ܰæͳ¸һܴ鳼СӺĽһۣʶû˵
üͷʦ
ˣδûôûãǸľ˵ˣЦһȻҲᱻ˵˼䣬ʹӦĽ
԰Ľӡ
򴽣̾аɣٵһ£СʱûһҪȥġ
ζһ£˼Ŀܹ
ҵȻǹˣǾóڵ״̬δϸųֵһСڰδĿ£ת˻ͷ
üƬ̣û¶ʲô쳣µͷµȰɣѾδϢ̸ְ͸ùˡ
վŵļ˶һֻۣø԰˰ʵһ£С˳һѡӰ󣬳㻹ͷĽһ£û£
˶٣ųĬ£֮ԲҲó嶯
ڳĿⶼϣ簲οļº͵һ˵Ĳ㣬ôˣҲͷģˣĳ£ҲãʦҲãԺÿһ죬÷ǳĥ
һֱİα΢ӱʲôƵı
ţ֪ˣһ±ӣۿĿ磬ԺԲˡ
ԡοĽһ˵һ֡
һȻоһ˿һֱĸһҲ޷ƣŴŵĵĿޣţ˭Ҳûдһҵİ
һֱδӰ⣬ڵĳĬżܹȥţĵһ仰ǣû˰ɣ
δĬһ˲Ϊʲôˣ
㣬е㲻ϸһ飬ûʲô£һ
ôˣĽʡ
δƽĴÿɨڳ㡣
һ۵һ˿
ʲô󣬾ͺúø̸£ΪʲôҪ¸ͨú˵µġδ
ɬôܣ㲻ðοҡ
뷨ûиı䣬δ˵꣬ӳһ׵ɫһ򶨵Ĳ䣬Ĺ֮󣬾һλᣬѧĩĳɼûߣͻߡ
Щ˼СӺͼ鳼˷ܵĻʱʶʲôһŵĵૣô£ѧϰø
ˣδĻĿĿµԼΨһĶӻΣգ㣬ܽжԡжҪʼΨһ˾㣬δкܳǸǺͺûѣԺδȡԼҪĶԴΪͷҪ˭ۣôҽܾĽٸ
ĿһѪɫûС
Ѿ֪ˣæδӣŤͷԳȥɣֺú˵֤Ժ󲻻ٳ嶯ˣġ
عӦһ˰칫ҡ
Се㵣ģٸɣҪҪȥ
ܸһӣδۿ
СԴʱ˵ˡ
Ӱ칫ҳõ׼ߵ¥ڣ¸Ѿˣ֪δĹʲôһ˲ʮꡣ
һμôܵӣͶ˶ûܿڡ¸ЩƣСʱû㣬ǲһֱڹң
ҡҡͷεֻһ¡
ã㣬ҲҪң¸Ǳ龻Ǹͬѧ˵ûУ㵽ĩиóɼҾͲתѧˣûУҵİţǼҸкѽҺò˹ϵ˷ѡ
Ӧһ
¸˵ͷɰͰ͵ԭת˼ȦĿڳ˰ߵϣʶ̧֣ɫһ䣬͵˼
еĿ־˳¸¸ֽڰУ֮£ˣɣúѧϰûµĻҾˡ
š
ͷһֱţԭǿ¸ģ¸̵Ĵ¥ȥʱͻȻˡ
һη֣ʵְֵıӰûô᲻ɴݡ
ʶĽһ֣
¸͵ͣ£վһ¥͸϶ԺҲɵˣġ
¸˶״ĳڰ֣ʲôû˵뿪ˡ

 67 

칫, ˴һվǸδ, ôѳ°ְȰõģ
ûȰ, δֻϸ˼İ, һ¡
粻̫ţҲôȰ, û
ҳԳɼõѧ, ȻΡδĽ͡
, ޹ʣ
δĿЩ, ҲŷŻղŵ𣿡
һ㣬óû¡ʼ硣
δüͷ΢, ȥʱס㡣
𶯲ԼΣʲô°ε˵꿴۾, ûסЦҿ㣬¶治֪ôճˡ
δ, üƽ̹, δǾȻһԵĻȣһֱڡ
Σ
Сѧǣ
ȡɤӣĬĬӵ˶ʱ, , ȥ, ûʲôˣͶ, ˭˵ʲôõӰ졣
áõʦʶԼղŵΪЩףϽӭһŤͷߡ
δĬĸ˳ȥֻʣֻСѧĸں档߳˰칫ңСӲһĿڣǸղſ𣿡
ʲô鳼ʡ
СӶһ£үڸ
ôû鳼Ī
СбһۣļȫڵС˽ˣС֮Ķôܿó
Ϲ˵һϴãһϴ磬ôС¡鳼
ǸϴѪԵϵǸԷȴûеģֳöôÿǰʲôģ𻨶СһѰͬĿĽϴأǲ⣿
ǰĽһᶨĻشû⣬ȻԴ֪֮ǰ̸ûôȷˣԥһ³ʵڣ֪
϶⣡ô侲һˣү۾ҪŹˣûŹ֣СԹԵ
Ľɨһۣͷڲһ𣬶ҵļ£ۡ
ҲСӼϲڨڨ˵һ䡣
˵Żصˣ˶ʱӿȥܿ컹ֻʣǼ
λϵĳһ£ڵǳԷɡ
ðҪԹС̾֡
鳼æͣҲҪҪ
ûоܾɵһĿһڣĽһȲԷ£Ȼλ
ʲôλСĵʡ
Ľ򴽣ͷҪҸ𣿲һô
һλպҿԼԭλáˮʲôģ˺ܾˡ
ĽԼ裬ûʲôƢˣҪ㻻
̫ˣ绶һҽܶӡ
ĽһԱ߰δһ䣺ǱˡȻʵ֤ƭܶ࣬ǰʮά̫ã֪Ǹо̸ˣĽʶǣֹϰռˡ
һ۾ͿʲôδƵɨһۣԲ
Ľô̳㣿ǿ׼ҲûԲ˵仰İɣ
ĺһԼӸ绻λˣȻһȺ˱ȥʳá
緹ʱͻȻ𻵺û֣Сѧǲɵò˲䡣ֻϧʳ̫ˣԷ˵СҲֻؼʶѡ
Ǹﲻסģֱܹȥʣôˣ
۵һ£΢΢Щִ٣һŻش𣺡˵ֱץˡ
ץˣ۾һʲô
̫кܶе̫ˣӦΪ˰л⣬ˣ.ŮͬѧŮδʲôһظиʮꡣһʼľִ٣һ˵𽥴
һʮ꣬Ǳˡ𻵺ֻЩƬŪĳ嶯
ڵᣬŲÿƱˣڳ£۵ԶˣֻãͲˣԺ󲻹ʲôһĹ˾ҪⱲһ롣Ц
ȤĿôʲô֪
ѧУ̳У㲻֪𣿡ôһ̲סˣǡǸ֪ĻǼӸѣҰҳɡ
һ£ҪͷӦʱһְֻŤͷδЩɻôˣ
֪ʲôֱҾͺáδ
ɻ󣺡֪
û˱Ҹδ
ǳ˳飬Ŀǲ鷳ˣֱѾͺãллˡ
ŵ˵꣬͸Сһˡ
ĿһеСһҾ˵ҵֱû¡
㻹ֱиأ𣿡鳼ĿһۣٿʱҲе㲻ȷˡ
Сʼ磺ҾͲżֱ𣿡
ҲпǴġ鳼ԥ
Сһڿ϶ǶԵġ
ܱ֤ˣ
ҡ
ʲôԷĽͷĿڡ
һ̲֨ҽˣδʱͿֻڹɳԷˣղŲĵôڲˣ
ˣСӽŵʡ
ҡͷûаͼ鳼ĵʲôûϸ
СһַԼֵ̫飬һתƻ⣺Ǹղʲô
ԣ翴δ˵֪ô£
δĬһ˲㽫︸ӵ˵˳һ̫ûעǣǸˣʲôж񱨣
Ƕж񱨣ġĽ˵꣬İ˱ࡣ
鳼ѧĶ룬һ£ȻԼһ翴Ƥֱ֪ʳǸ˵ϰ̫ˡ
һ˳극ֱӻ˽ңǰһǽ£ǽϵ˲䣬ʱ̾һҵķˮǻˡ
ӴλˣȻռȵĹȪ𴽽ǡ
ЦеĿһۣѽλˡ
Ƕû˼δһ£Ǻ죬Ȫգһ۾˳˵˵ϼܳȥһڿΣǷʲô£
ôΪ˷ֹɫ۾㣬ϵǴڶġ
ȪЦЦ
Ǿͼġδƽڶм䣬˹Ȫߡ
ȻȪģſϿ磺˵˵ʲôˣ
ҾͲ˵㡣ڵ
ȪһĿĽĺϣҪǲ˵ҾĽ˰
鳼˻Ƕôƶûãֲҵδ磬ǰʱĽŸɵ챳飬һ˭Ҵѧϰ͸˭ƴӣԼǲǣֻܱȰ
ڶʵôˣ鷳ֿʼ
һ۾Ϳģ΢ЦųССȭͷһ޹ʣ밤𣿡
Ȫһ£ƽ޹ʵģҸ
ҪǸҴĽѧϰҾʹ㡣һ档
Ȫ鷳ƻʱʧܡ
ȻǱﲻס˰ڿκں͵͵һĽӣͷĻͷʱʣˣ㻹ѧϰ
ѧҪǸҴѧϰˡĽ̬ȶӵ˵һ䡣
ȪһĪԻ.ҩˣôǺ
ңءĽ˵ְ꣬ͷŤ˻ȥ
ȷʵͦˣӦҪԵĲϰ֮󣬵һǻλڶϰֵһȳһݾӼһ³ѧϰ̣Ȼʱ򣬲ŷ²ûôס
Լ֪ʶˮƽޣĿ׳̶û취գξЩԼᣬôǳˣܸľ
֮˿̿ķ꣬ȪҲײľֿˡ
һڿΣʲôûɥü۵ŤͷδˣҡҲҪ鷳㣬ֻһ¡
ҵǷݾӾͿãδǻ⣬ԿĸطĸطȫᣬϰʱЩ֪ʶ㣬Ľе
Ľæ˵ͷץʱ⣺֮أӢ֮ǲǿ԰Һ衭Ľߣ
ǵÿıδ˵Ĭһ˲ְҪĩͳɼǲϸһѧ㣬ѧپѧ٣ÿܳһʱ©ȱѧ֪ʶͬʱǰҲҪˡ
ĽøСˢˢʼǣͷأ
Ĵ⣬ҪֱΪֹδһ䡣
Ľ˶٣ãȻ̧ͷҲὲ⡣
ܼ򵥣Ľ˼·˵ͺãʵڲᣬҸ㽲ʱԶѧһ£Ĳص㣬Ĳֿʡԡδ
Ľ˼ĵ˵ͷ˼󣬱Ťͷˣ˰δһγľӶ˳һԿţе㲻˼ʣ᲻̫鷳ˣ
֪鷳ңͺúøѧ𶯲Ӳҿ㱳ѧⲽ裬͵ŰɡĽʦӵ
æ֤ˣԺҲˡ
Ľбһۣ׼Ѿӳһʱ˳ְĸһϲ鷭˳Ա
áԹú飬һƪҪеĿģʼĬС
Ľɨһۣѧ̬ȣԾʱҲûôˡ
ѸԾʱڿξ͹ȥˣŤͷһ۳㣬飬һºʣƪˣ
ȫˡش
Ľһ£ȫˣ
ֻᱳУٶȿһ㡣е㺦ߡ
ĽĪҲţҪܱô죬ĳɼòġ
Ļᱳˣұ˵˿αʼС
ȱƪĵʱĽˣôô죿
˵ֻᱳСڨڨǰöѧϰʽǱУʲô⣬ֻǱԱʲôܿ졣
Ľ۾Σ˸ӸĬдһ¡
ҪԾ𣿡档
ĽһĬдղűĶĬд
áûʲôԹԣʵűʿʼд
ҪĬдһģٶ˵Ͽ죬ȫдʱѾѧʱˡĽд˺üҳӣ̲ס¶һ壬һùһߵˣΪʲôῼá
û˵꣬ͻȻ죬ĬĿĬдĶһҳٿһҳ
㱻еɵʣʲô𣿡
˵ʲôԣô֣ôģĽ²ۡ
˶٣ǰûĬд
ֻ𣿡Ľ꣬ʵĵ˵ͷɵһѹ㿼áˣⶼǿԾģЩְ䣬ȻĬһΣȡһʱ䣬дֶ
á㻹ֻһ֡
һԭĲԣֻƵϰˣȵȫдʱϰѾѧΪ˲ĽȣĽֻܰѾûģһľͷ⡪
ܶ⣬ء
ĽĬãĿδϡ
δһ££
ְ֣ĽֺõЦЦܸһݴ𣿡
ܡδϾܾ
ĽίʣΪʲô
ΪûСδɨһۡ
Ҳǣ̶ֳȵ⣬öŴ𰸾ܸĳĽ̾һ̽ܰҸľ𣿡
ܣδȻܾѧҵġ
ĽˣҲЩ⣬ôģ
Լ취δһ仰
ĽץۿδҪȥ˯ˣһ仰ѿڶң
δͣ
ĽֻԼ˼·ͨˣˣһڣѧǰЩҲˣýҡʵ֮ǰδҲǵʱӷͷܹȥˣ׾ϴ󲿷ֵᡣ
δĬĿãΪԼҪܾʱδð
Ľ۾һǵİԱߣʼΡ֪ǲǹģδÿθ󼸲ֱӸ𰸣Լ˳˼·ۣһࡣ
ȵĽ⼸žȫŪʱѾҹʮˣһһ̱ڴϣԺ˯ʱͻȻԼ·ˡ

 68 

̳, Ľ˵ʵ̫ˣѧۻã, ѧЩ, Լÿ̸ܽݲ̫࣬ĺӢֲ̫ˡ
һ̨ûиıл, ǰȫƿֻĺӢ, ϴ֮ǰ۸ֵ͵״̬, ԽԽ, ԽԽ, ĽΪ˸עͺʹ壬ֻδƴ, ǻûüĿģͨעҲ˲ᱳĵز
ĽֱᣬȻÿοһڴĵϿε, ֻܴʣһѧ
ЩЩֻҿҴӦ̳, Ȼˡ
ͬδƿһۣĽѾѸһϲȫѧ, һ²ĸϰ
ȫ羪ȣѧҲǣ
ĿѾȫѧ, ֻʣԪ, ѧһԪδ˵, Ƚ֮, Ľ̫𣿡
ڨڨڣڲѭ򽥽ô˵æŸ㲹ΣûѧԼģƵõȵҪѧϰ¿εʱŻƴѧϰϵֱ֢̫ˡ
δԶһ£˼Ŀڣ𣿡
ȻûΪӢѧĿ죬Ϊ˲Σֻһֱƣѧѧˣ˵˵ģҿţĽȣĽϲȫѧʱҲȫѧˡ
δѧϰһʱ󣬷ָ߿ʱһĿαռȻǺصģѧҪһ㡣ĸñĶˣӢʣεĵʺ﷨ѧҲܻ࣬£ŲųڰпĿѧꡣ
ѧأδ΢
һҲѧꡣ
ģ
ͷġ
ѧô죿δʡ
˼룬ȷ㲻ѧ꣬رŵ˵ôô죡
ã˵ġδ
ƷƷòԣһ£ĶԼ񲻶ԵȣǲӦ˵һ£֮ǰѧˣô죿
һҪ󡣡δҲǴ󷽡
ˣ϶䣬ϴδӦҵģһҪһҪˣҶš
ԡδ
۾˰κһѧ֪ʶˡӿ̣ϾڵĳĻеԶĺӢʮ鶼ˣֻҪƵĸһϲûѧ꣬Ͳѧġ
յѧ֪ʶĽĽĺӢڳű߶ϲݺ޿ˣͶţǲƫư
˵ģÿѧѧ𣿡޹ʡ
Ľһ˲ͷҲѭ򽥽ɣ쿪ʼȲѧˣصѧۡ
ŶĻƴӣû˿ɡ
Ǻδһ䣺ֻÿѧϰŲ˻
Ľһ£˵Ҳе˼Ƭ̺ĺӢ㲻ѧ¿ˣԺÿڿΣ֮ǰĶϰһ£˳ӣʱ䶼רעۺѧ
Ŷá㻹ɽܡ
Ľڿһˣϻȥûδϰ˶Եģÿδ׼µѧϰʱһƣְ֣ڽ̳㣬͵һֱϰ֮ǰ֪ʶػأʱżѧµġ
㲻һֱػδ
Ľ۾ڴϲ϶Ϥһ˽˼ҽ̵Ĺ֮ѧϰȻھѧˣЧҲôãѧϰԡ
Ҫ񣿡δһļ
Ȼ䣬ĽʱҧгݣһҪ
Ǿѧϰ
Ľһ£ַˣҲһ£һٵȵȰɣʵڲ붯
δĬãհѧϰ˻ȥ
Ľû뵽ô˵֮Ͻллְ֡
˯ɡδ˵꣬㵽ˡ
ѵΪԼ㲹ΣϰֿˣԲ׷ΣĽķƬ̣ͻȻϷĳ嶯
ĽôţҲôˣһڣԸѣδҲûйԤһܵɵĸоѧöģ˽̳㼸⣬ľͲùˡ
翴ôڣҲ̲סɢδĸıֿû˵ʲôƽһദôߵĸʱˡ
˷ŷҵʱδҵ˳㣬ѯʣѧѧˣ
ʱ̲סһȻľ⣬˵ҲǽţѧѧԪˣǹͬеģе
ѧÿԪйѧǶԵģǰԪôδƽ
¿ˮ⻹ԣѶȴһȻ𰸵ĻԼҲ˼·
ǾͿˣֻ⣬ˢͬʱԽ¸Ԫˡδ˶塣
۾һ𣿡
š
ЦΪԼ޳أδôһ˵ʱˡֻһ뵽Լ˲ѧԪʱЩɥڵĽȻ̫ˡ
Ȼʱ䣬ҪھԵĽһֱѧôĩԲرı仯
ӿ𣿡δͻȻʡ
㶣ţ
ҿ԰㣬δ㲻ܸκˡ
һ˿ɻ󣬵δûж˵˼㲻˼ˡ
쿪ʼ㿪ʼÿˣ͵͵ܵ¥δΡδÿζúܿ죬Ϊ˲©֪ʶ㣬εʱֻ¼Ȼصٿʼ⣬ÿһѾ賿һˡ
ĽΣϸδ֪ʶһ˲٣ǺȦеء
һ峿ĽԺ𾪵İ˵
ôˣǲǿĲãһš
ĽãȻĿǴͨζ⼸֪ʶսİɣΪʲôȫԣճ֮ǰٶȣӦѧ칮һµ
˸ǷЩ˵Ŀڣĺܺã
ԣǺܺãôͻȻѧôˣûκμģĽֻǵĺ档
Ҫ˵ͻȻ뵽ԼδԼһ󺬺ûûʲôԼȥѧ˻Щ⡣
ģĽʡ
֮еΣͶ˶Ǿסܣġ
ͦõģעϢǱǮȻ㶼ѧˣǽѧϰ֪ʶĽ˵귭飬ԼѧλûһºͻȻһɽȸС
ճٶȣӦֻҪһ׷ԼˣĽ۳ĺȦԼĺȣǵϰһ¿ΣһĶδ֣Ҫѧϰ
㣬δó׼õϣͬʱһѹܲڳе£ȫˣԺúѧ֪𣿡
Ľѹܴĵ˵ͷרעѧϰͬʱЩǰʱɢϣһδԱߣ֣Ұѽ֪ʶһ°ɣҵöϤһ£źý̳㡣
ϴҴδ˸ճֻҪߡ
Ľһ£ֳȥȥ
¡δڵ
Ľüʲô±Ҫ
δһۣûлش⣺Ҫ
ĽʱȥˣȻδƺͷˣȥ֮Կײϣ򲻿š
Ľʲôܣô
һСʱδˣֻºҪΣĽɨֻһµȥʱôʣһ룿
ˡ¥ĵƲֻֻ
ĽɵĿһۣԽԽùŹ֣δԼ˵ʲôֻܰѯʵġֻȻûʣȴˣǷδÿ϶ʱȥʱֻͻĵһֵ
׸ȥˣ
һ죬һϱﲻסˣż鳼Сӣһ£һԸסһϰͻȻÿֻȴö֪Ǿ𣿡
ȻС̵
ĽһĴȣǰɣҲò˵ΪʲôǷһ£⵱ﰡ
϶ǳˡСĵ
ĽҲķϣܣ
ΪʲôŶӣСӷʡ
Ľ˵ˡ
ֻģֲӿ̸ܲʲô⣬Ҳ¾ǱźӸС绰أģСӶ
鳼ͷͣͬ⡣
Ϲ˵ҲǸ绰أĽСȴûϴ绰
鳼飺֪򵥣ʺ費֪ˡ
Ľԥһ£ǡÿ糯ˣߡ
һĪôˣ
ȻشֱӰƫƧĵطһʣҰ绰𣿡
ΪʲôҪҴ绰
Ľ
һҪ޵ıô£лú˵üͷ
Ľһ±ӣίͰ͵Ŀڣ裬ܱˣ
磺

 69 

, һãȻĽһ޻һܣ㻹ôС, ʲô, ô;ˡ
żһϣʣµĻ˻ȥ, һҴס߶߶ʲô߰ġ
, ۣĽ޹סš
Цһ֪, ˵ұ, ˵ǲǷ᣿
ǣĽü
۾˵˵, ôͱˣ
Ұʱÿϣͻܳȥ绰, һСʱ֮ٻղŷǸʱκϵǾ˵ڸϵʲôҪÿϵ϶ŮˡĽȰһѸղŷݡ
һһ㶵, βŷӦ˼ǡÿ϶ܳȥҵ绰ࣿ
ҵ绰ʣСĽ˼΢һ
ǳ˳飺̡ʾû𣿶ʮǰݳˣڻáЩص, ȸ˵, ô£
ô£Ҹղ˵Ľ
üҾǻˡ
ûһ, ̸, Ҳ졣Ľһ䡣
⵹Ҳ, һ£ͻȻͲ, ʶķϣҡҸͬһֱһ𣬴ûĸŮ˵϶ˡ
˵ˣδʱҲûһСʱĺһСʱʲôӡ
ֲǸǸһ2042Ƚˣܶ˶ġĽԼһ¡
ллˣ2019ʱͺܶˣԣ2000ʱˣǸûôǳ˳飬̲סҰο˵£˼ҡ
˭ˣҪûΪʲôÿȥʱ򣬶ҷĽʡ
ղŻܱǣһըˣ㣿
԰ԿײϣȫˣôҲȥĽ۾
ŭ壺̫ˣ죬ôܰѺӷأһ֣ᷢͻȻ㲻Ļᶼûˣ
Ľĺеࡣ
鲻ˬ˼㣬ڲٳһȦδֱӳȥδһ۱㿴ĿոշŻı㲻ɫһüͷ߹ʣôˣ
㣡ŭ
δƽĿʲô£
죬ͻȻе˵ڣϾĽղҲ˵ˣڻһˣδʱҲûɸ档һ뵽ϲˣͿʼðˡ
ʲôˣδҪ޲޵ӣ΢΢
ôֱʵĻûʲôҪȷһµҹϵһ±ӣ˵ڣδʲôϵ
ΪʲôҪδ΢
ۣҪʣ˵ʲôϵ
δĬһ˲ɨĽͷԵĵԣƬ̺Ҹĵطİɡ
ֱ˵￩һ£ͻȻе㲻֪ˡԥʱδѾתˣҧҧջǸȥ
һǰһߵԶٳСϿʱ䣬һ˶ûУֻ紵Ҷ
վ֮Ȳһ䣺˵ʲôϵ
ȸңʲôˣδûлش⡣
ʶѸղŵ˵ˣתһ룬һԼ˵ˣҪˣԼô죿ôһ룬°ͣȻشҵ⣬ٸ㡣
δ˼Ƭ̣ϣŮѹϵ㲻Ը⣬ѡ
Ը⣡Ļ
δһ˲˵ʲô
Ը⣬ǺͺðɣŮѣѡ
绰û˵꣬δָĺ󱳣ֱӴ˻ȥ㶣Ӷһ⣺ôô죿
û뵽δֱ˹һʱЩԥϽǣƿȰ˵
˼ʱδЩˣΪȷʲôһʹһҲ˲ˣδһͬʱƵ
һǽ˵ϢЩȣδĿĿᷴ˰ɣ
ᡣ͸һˮ⣬ͬʱ˵صСġղ׵εʱ͸оˣ϶ϲģֻϲһĽղ˵Ķƨ
δһͷճ˴ˮɫĴϣһºεʣڿԸңʲô˰ɣ
Ľ˵ˡ̰Ӹˡ
δƤ΢΢һ˵˵
ҲǺ˵˵Ųϲˣ˵һ£ûס͵Цϲ磬ֻϲ硣
δǺǵֵãиëһ㣬Ƭ̺۵׸һЦ⣺Ϊʲôô˵
ΪÿϰᣬԼܳȥ绰˵е㲻ˣ㵽ڸ˭绰ΪʲôҪǣĽԼûһΣô졭
ʮˣǲ󡣡δѡ
㶣һʶĽһ㣬һǿŵ㲻𣿵ȻҪϸչˡ
ֻǰϲӣ󲿷ʱǺܴġδ͸Ρ
޻˵ˣ˰ŭʣ㵽׸˭绰ȥˣ
û绰δĽֻͣڰ㲹Ρ
һ㶣㲹Σ
ţ̫ӰĽѧϰԣδ˵꿴磬ҺĴģеӮ
磺㵹̹ͦ׵ġӮŮѣǶгɾ͸е
²ҪĽЧͲˡδ
˵ͷҶҪǱС֪ˣ͸òĹܳˣĹܣζŬѧϰģ»׵ġ
δףû£ס֣һοʣĲˣ
ԲˡЦ˵ĺɿеͻȻЩ˵ˣƬֱסڣԺ󲻹ܷʲôҶٷڡ
ұѧϰأ
ЦҲڡ
㲻ϲأ
Ҿһ٣ǲ֡
ǰ̸ʱϲ£ҪôѡˣҪôǰ¾֣ȫûͨ͵̣ˣԺʲô£˾ͺúͬԣûʲôǽ˵ġ
ҲҪˡ
ԼָЩδǸһЦ⣬ְڻ˾ıƬ̣δŻڣ¿ˣǻȥɡ
ȥô᲻÷ſ
δĬһ˲ȥӡ
磺
仰൱ɱ̲סֱˡδһۣǣߡڸ֮Щ֪ԥһºڨڨǸĽʵҲΪǺã˵˭¶ỳһµġ
˿ԻɣСδ
һ£Ϊʲô
Ϊǻļ֤ˣӦ֪жమ㡣δһƽ˵Ų֪黰
΢΢ˣǡҲ÷֪ôϲң˵СҾͻˣҲԡ
һ
ɻʲôһģ
ںңҲΪ˫δǳ̹ĸϱ˽ڡ
磺ܾﲻԣ˵úеӡ
ԶƬ̣ͻȻ뵽ղĹĻ⣺˵ӮңҪʲô𣿡
š
棺Ҫʲô
ղѾõˡδü滺
һ£ӦҪǸϡʱЦˣǲǰֶԼˣ
ȻǣҺͺõģϸ˵ҵҪûᣬҿԻһδһ
ü˵˵Ҫʲô
ҪǸϣڶҪúѧϰδһ£ȻˣǾһ֮Ӣ۵ľӣдⶼŪժɡ
磺
㻹ʣ֮һͰѸһϲȫϰˣڵĽȣӮĸʲ׼Ϊѧ٣һ㣬ʱ򹤳ҲСδͬĿһۣе鷳ȻǶԼӦûúɰɣ
磺ֹ鷳ֱǷǳ鷳ʮԾѾǴ󹤳ˣ˵Ҫժˣ
һͷص̿ʼͼǿǸˣĽδߺݺһ󣬶ʱҲֲ٣ĸŬѧϰȻ2ǽǵһ羰
Ծв£ıȼ˯ñȹాһܺڰѸһϲȫݶѧˣ㻹ʣһεݣʤ
ĽǷҪˡ
δƽĸ̴򿪣֪
Űɣҷǵ취һ¡ҧгݡ
δһĵһ䣺м¿ˣ͡
磺ѧУĿԣΪʲôôడ
ڴԽ£ѾοԣεҲš
ϰѧʱ򣬰εһϢ¿ΪѡѧӢĲߣӢ￼Եĸռȶ֮һοԵǰʮμӿ￼ԣѡһѧУμӡ
Ϣһʱ۷׷ף˰ˣνı۴ʵAǵУ֯ģڱõõΣôڱѧУʱѡǵרҵͻмӷֺȣǸʡһСС
Ϊ漰ӷߣԸУһ㶼ڸѧѡߣѧҲμӣԸ˵屨ֻѧУѾõˣԴʮ꣬һԸõεҲûС
Щ֮ô޷ΪAǵУȫǰεļӷֶ뱨ѧУ˵ǷǳҪĶ
ΪδϢѧѧҲûߣα£˿֣һʲôϵһѧУѡĶǿǸԸ屨϶ҲȲѧУѡǸ
԰˭֪ѧУ϶δˡһ̲ס
ʰĲЦһֻѡǰʮղҪʮѡҪͷƱģЩ򲻳һƨԿúô
˵򲻳һƨŲһܰʺĽĿڡ
ôһ˵ʱ˶Цˣ޺޵Ŀһۣһøϼƽϵı飬Ӣϵߵߵ뿪ˡ
鳼һôһģ
˭֪һĽһ
ȵ˸ɢˣһȥ˳УʱĽһʳһһҸδԱߡ
Ľһ꣬Ťͷδһ֣صӦúͿʼ׼ⳡˣһҪѹȥμӱҳ֪𣿡
δƽĿһۡ
Ľ㶣һŵӣΪʲôӮ𣿡
ҲμӾδڡ
ĽӲˣΪʲôμӣ
ֲ2042ѧμⶫʲôδشˣ˵ˣֱȽܹעĶҸʺ𣿡
ĽһҲǣе㲻ҰҪǲμӣ϶ǲѧУˣҪˡ
Բ⡣δ
ĽɻĿʲô˼
οӣҼǵϴ֡δƽ
ĽĿ૵㾹ȻͼһѧѧУμӱǷ𣿡
Լǡδֻ˵һ䣬㲻ˣΪ͵͵ǣϱ֣û˼ѧӡ
Ľһӵ˳˼

 70 

Ľüͷһ, 綢صĺ׿Ƭ̣ɵüͷôģ
Ŭһ, ǿԵġδ
粻ͬбһۣŬ𣿡Сϰ˵ƨ, ձľģɾ, رŬӡ
Ӧδ
ҵȻԸֻĹĶ²Ĳμ, ֮һҲ˵һ, ֮Ҫ, ʱҪޱˡ
δһ£ʲôʱ޹ӣ
п, ѡ
δĬˡ
̾˻Ӣ˼Ҳÿʵ, СģûӮ񣬿϶Ҫ޵ġ
ͦá
̧ͷţ
뿴ޱӡδ
磺˵Ļ˻𣿡
Ƕ磬Ҫĺӡδѡ
ж˵, նʱ죬ߵĺһۺ󣬱û˵Ľ, ̵ǰ, ڽ֮ĥߴ˻ķֿ
վɵȵıӰʧ, δת, ߳û, һδ
δ΢תº͵ĿͻȻֵ, ԼʱٶȺ񶼿
嵽ǰʱ첲΢΢һ£ð˱ס׼ͻȻ˸ɲԼǰͣˡ
δֻýַȥôˣ
ͺõ£ǧ߶ҡٵ
δĬһ˲Ϊʲô
õġü
δ̫ͬ2042ѧУ¹ܵûôϸ񡣡
Ҳ̫ãҪȵ£Խٸƽˣ൱ᶨĿڡ
δ΢΢ãרŽסңΪ˵Щ
ȫǰɡڨڨ
δǻʲô£
򴽣Χһۺ󣬿һ£㣬Ϊ֮ǰһദѾܸˣû뵽ֻġ
˵תˣĴлͣϣδܵķ򣬿ú󴽽ǹһЦ⡣
ĺõĻص󣬾ͿĽüͷڴߣһ˼ӡδƽĴ߾Ľһ£ɻĿ֣вƱ𣿡
ûСδش
ĽüΪʲôôˣ
δһ£ǳԶˡ
Ľ
ͬʱĬһ˲Ľ̾һѯʣְ֣Ӯ𣿡
š
ģĽǲţ̲סһ顣
δһ£ҪԼ
Ҹղһ£ֱõܶרҵʻ㣬Ѷر󣬼ǹⳤѧûǿ߼ټҲڱռˡ
ѧרҵĴѹAǵУԸô¼ȡǰ
δ£أˣǳе¾ûǲĶˣã˵ԵõУӷ֣μֱӱ¼ȡҲпܡ
Ľһ㶣񶨣ôܣôΣ˵ʲôҲҪԲױ¼ȡ
ǾŬ
ãĽɵ˵꣬ͻȻԼղŻԥôھеѪͷˣҲûʲôãطǸ˲С
뷨ʼÿѧϰӢֻǻгҪĿҲҪϣһʱЩˣֻϳ׷˴Ϸʱ䣬յͷ⣬˳ıóģ⡣
ûûҹѧһںӭ¿˵һӢԾռһ룬ѶڿӢ󣬿˵ǰҰ
ο⣬ԵһֻӢĿת˵ڶ졣һͳһ⣬Ľ統̰ԣδ͵͵УⶩСϺȻͳԻ˶ӡ
һҹĲ󣬶̱Ҳ˴˵ڶĿԡδûֻÿһǰһСʱȻŰǩļŮ֮ش󣬲ǸιˮǸǸιһ۵ľ
ԺҲ̰ˡ
δɨһۣõǵ֪ںǽ͵͵ٻ
ǲ±㷢ôе顣
δھͲ±ˣ
ʱ˵ˣһֺõӡδϵĸԼһ£һֵرֻ¶һ˫۾ôķϣɲԱˣ
ճԹҩ𣿡δıȻǲãȴºࡣ
֪ǲˣٺһЦס֣ԹԵĲˡδһΣҴҴǺƬֱ̣ɫԼỹиɵûι
Ϊιӣֻܴ뿪ŸĽķˡ
涼ˣ϶ȸ͵ķĽԹţѵҲ׶𣿡
Ծ͵δһĮ㣬ôԵڲ͹ݵķڴ
Ľ
ҪСϺĲҲᱻҲڴһ졣ĽʱڨڨĲ˵ˡ
ͻȻʳжĽȻذϿʱɼֻһƵˣٴλصһڶλãֻصһ硣
ţȫ꼶
λÿԼĽ󣬲ɣ֪̾ǲëҾȻλûͦʺǵġ
ҲãҰˣðŲ飬۾ˡĽϡ
ĸһۣӶԷ۾￴͡ĸϧʱǰͻȻһһ£ǳüͷ
Ľͷǰ˳һֱٵĵطͣ£޿޿ޣʲôޣÿοþͿޣ㻹Ǹ𣿣
һ߳һҡͷʮġ
簲οѧһɣڿģȫѧ꣬϶ܿˡ
ֻҡͷĽ㵽˵ʲô
̫һӾͰѳסˣһ£Ӳһᣬʱ̲סأοĺúð
Ľ
磺
ҡҾȻٸΣһǧˣҾȻռ߰ٶأ⻹ϸõĳɼ˵ŻƲסж顣
Ľ˵⻰㲻Ƿ𣿡
ҲǸ˼ҡҾ̫ˡƲ죬е㲻ҿˡ
ĽһûסϹˣͽܣ㿼ĺãҲˡ
԰㣬ô̵ʱٶǵĩʱôҲܽмɼٶȣ˵߿ϸص㡣
ΪЦصҾͲָˣҿͨѧҾرмˡ
ЦЦָ˼䣬ŷĽƺˣø첲һ£ʲôأ
ŶҾ֪ԼӢ￼ٷ֡ĽҲû
֪ڵǾ£ԥһµûôֻڵ絥Ƴɼ͸óˣʱ֪ˡ
šĽҲЦЦ
죬ĽʱʱֱŸԾ߽žһ
ΰ￼ûʦο΢Ц
ôһ˵ʱɿࡣּ꼶һڶǰδ־ҹһ¡
䣬˶ʼ֡ȵͣЪμƿԵ˵ССʱᵽξǰӢڽ׶ǰʮչԲμһֵѡΣи༶ģʦرΪҸˡ
ʱʼֻǻ˭ǲģͻȻҲ˵δͲ֮⣬һʸμһֵģƽʱӢɼѧǣʼˡ
ĽѾʼˣ˽ӲʯͷһʲôҲȥֻһ˫۾ŰεĴΡ
ε촽ĽֵĿʱʱһ£һֱ谭ĳֶɿһȻЦеϴпܿĽͬѧӢʵǿܿ׶ǰʮҲ˿⣬ΪĹơ
Ľգһ۾һЦ

 71 

¿κȺ, ǰμǰŵĴڲԱ˵Χδ
ȪЦһ, Ҫ˵, Ľһɨ˹ƻ飬㡣
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֮ŨӰĹȪ, ʶĲ֨ˣȥ, Ҳ֪ȥˡ
Ȫһ, ʣ¾ȫԼ, С̴ؿ䣺ϴ̫ţ, һǽ׶ǰʮôģ
鳼԰ϴ, ѧô꣬ûôùʲôɸϽһ£ֵǾָˡ
ֶ, ôڣĽебһۣȻҲΪԼΧеˡ
Сӵ⣺㴫ڣѾóˡ
ʲô飿ü, ܵóʲô顣
СһЦ, ݵĶƵ, Ҹվˡ
磺֪ûʲô
, ϴ, Ӷõģһþ̳, һٽе̫Խ˰ɡ˿ڡ
ĽõĿ磺Ҫĺá
ԡЦС
ڣǰҲûţһͨޣֻǱŵĸסҲûһʶ
ѧԣѧУûùˣؿɵúú׼ȡǰ֡˹ά
һɨ˺ŵĽһۣǱ£𿼲Ͳˣڴңڴˡ
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ûⰡʲôľҡ֪ЩҲʲôˮԲԵø󷽡
һӦˣ̸ˣѲ졣
鳼һʲôⰡأڣôֵõѧУ
ǣͣ򵹲񡣡Сȭ
һֱԱ߿ĳҲ̲סŤͷСС˵һ䣺͡
ιǲˣҲǰʮԶ治Ľпڣûϰֲμӵ¡
˻һ˵ڣʱ˶ˣСӸЦòãϴѾ֤ʵˣûҪԼôѹͺãÿľС
СӵĻõһһͬ⣬ĽֱĥӮˣǶøᡣ
ӣδ㿪ˡ
Ľһ£ڨЦڸǿЦ
ϴ㿴ǰ˵ġСŭ䲻
Ľбһۣǰˣ
Сӣ⵹Ҳǡ
˵˵ֵģһ͹ȥˡΪҪʼһֵľˣĽԾѧϰǿȣҲʼѧϰָӵĴʻͿʱ䰲ŵʱԵ׼
νıֿкο˵Ǵ⣬༶ǰ꼶һڶﲻ˵Ӣ￼һʮʮ๲ͬȴͬһ칫ҵζòС
ĺάֵ󣬾ʱȻֹ
A4ֽϵʮ֣ȥĿ˰̲סȥ˸ѡεУ쵼Ρ
ΣҼǵǰǰʮİɣΪʲôֻˣʣĽǲ©ˣ
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ΪҸųڳɼѧǲϣʸѧУμӾһӣҲ΢΢ŭ
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ζһ£𣿡
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յĵһ죬ͱųˣĽҲмΪ飬һרΪ׼СϰԵĵһǽ£Ÿ֮һӡ
ϰʦרŸÿ˲μӱģڲ֮ǰѾʮ˽⣬˶Ľ˽⣬һڽ䣬һ㲻м
ûнĽǰֱӾͿʼϿΣʼһЩõĸѶ﷨һЩۼɡúܿ죬ʲôĵطʱϣǰŵ˾ֺǻ
ĽҲ˼ֵģʦ󣬱㲻мķֻ֡ǰѲȻصδò˵һһЧǺãһˮĺ֪࣬ʶ
κӭ˵һοԡοصڡдϣʦһ⣬ԵѧڰСʱдһƪٴʵȫӢġ
дĲѣѵҪ۾۵㹻ǿ˵ҪΪж߼˼άдοҪֱ̭ˣҲһ
֮ǰʱ䣬絣ǵĽߣҿڻڰﱳԾ䣬׼ôˣ
аɣҰһֱڸҿСдĻСĽЩţԿơ
Է࣬ɵӵԴЩ۵ǲ˯ˣȦذ
УȹʱܲˡĽĸɾһ㶼ۡ
״ЦҾͷˣ⼸óԵģ塣
áĽҲЦˡ
δһ˰һֽʱʣ͸𣿡
͸ģοԣֻдĲȥʦз֣Ȼڲ֪°ԼȥʦֱͶӰϽκͷųĽæش
δףο̭ˣ´أ
´Ǵ￼ԣ̭˰ɣֱӻзˣĽԶ˵ˣһξʽıģ⣬µһһչۣǹԵģѧУ˶ȥλʦͬʤߡ
Կûпɲٿصġδƽۡ
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Ľ޹ͷʲô˼
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Ǹңۣ˭ҪǸҶҾ͸ƴˣ
ȱ𼤶ֻǲ²⣬Ŀǰѡһ͸ûпɲĿռ䡣δƽİ
һͷδ׼ļȫˡ
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꣬С㡣ʱһ䡣
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ҪĽ
мЦһȷҪ˵ʱһ·ţͲṋ̃Ŷ
⻰һ˵ڣ˶̲סЦȻ췽ҹ̷£һ۾Ůֶȫġ
Ҳǣƽʱһѡ⣬ѡȫҲпܣֻһƪģģҪĹײдģЩֻҸһƪҲܳ񼫾߷̵Ŀڡ
ĽƽĿЩˣβмһ
Цʲôü
ĽЦ۸۶һݲһˣΪҲһѧϰԲ𣿿ǲ˼Լģ˭ģ
԰þ㶼ܿĿһۣϧֹֻ֪ǿʦУ쵼Ҳ֪Ϊʲô궼ʮ˲μѡΣȴʮһ޷Ǿ㲻񣬵ֲų㣬ԲŰһ浱ֻУ쵼ʧˣ
Ľһ֣Ҫ˵ʦ˽ʱʦһƬдͶӰǣ̧ͷ·Ϊ濼ԣҪ࿼ϵͳûɣ
ûС
ãǾһ׼ɣʦһ˵һߴܼ࿼ıǿԲϵģΪһ³ɼҪϸЩҷƽ̬ǧҪţôһСܷʧǴ˵ˣԼ̭ˣҲҪԹ֪𣿡
˵ţĿ޵ɨĽĽղŲ˵ĻеĲЩ
ʦרõĴֽ󣬱ͶӰϷųĿʱֻʣ±ʼɳɳ졣ܼ࿼Ժ󣬸ֿδֹʧʦ÷Ķѧֻڽ̨ĵֻʱ䵽֮ŷֻ
ʱʾһ죬˶ͣʦֽȥ֮󣬱㿪ʼڽ̨оʮƪĶѣʦе棬һƪҲò˼ӡ
ʱûȥѧѧҲû˼֣Ľɢſϣ˶ɫţñֱֱġ
Сʱʦ¼˵ŲŽĿȥ졣ÿȥһˣıͻ΢ı仯ɫʱӵѧͻԷɡ
ڻʣԾʱʦע⵽ֻĽͲûˣ¶ԵľȣڶϵĿʱȥе𾪸Ρ
ģɵһ顣
ʶϣھʣĽˣˣ͵ĽǷôûǸ£㷢ЩʧôҲñĽòŶԡ
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Уȥɣʦ۸ӵĿĽӡ
Ľȥϵֱʦһ飺ȷľӣ
Ҫұһ𣿡Ľʡ⼸ʦжƫۣǿģǹµСӣͻȻôԴԸѾʦְҵˡ
ʦüϲǲ֮ǰĿ
Ľһ£ҿģ
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Ľһⲻ͵ˣȥĿĿȥ
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ʱЩڨڨ֪ˣȥɡ
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̨µѧǶӦһʦŵ˵ͷһµϵĻسѸղѾͳƺõķ˳Ҳֻܰ˵һûķ֪Ļ˽ңǰķˡ
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ĳɼˮƽԼ̭û˵һСʧҲû˳Ե˱Լʱ𾪲ȱ̭١
֮ʦ̾û˵ǽʹһ
˼ҡ
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ãȻ죬ͻȻҵܣ
ڻʦרҵԣĽЦ
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ԡʦղžѾĶ¼ˣԱһһŵķŵͶӰϡ
Ż棬ĽʱĬ
۵۾ݳ㣬߼ǿޱȣȻּЩȫڸǲƪĵŵ㡣ǲҲ˵Լıƪá
ˣûĻ͵ˣͿʼϰͿˣ̭ҲɥʵڲģԸ˵屨Ȼѡλ鷳ЩҲǸᣬʦʰöվѡϵҲ𽾰ܴѧУֻһˣս֮ǰ˭и
һѣ̨¿ʱֻĽɵûʱתˡ
һ뿪Ľʱߣߵſʱͷһۣһ̫ѧУôѡˣͲõĸһѡˮƽҲһϿΣ
ˣ
Ľ˵ˬˣܣܳѧ¥Ϳδţʱĵĳȥסǡ
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ЦȻˣҾ;㲻ᱻ̭
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˶٣ӲˣҲû뷨
𣿡Ľ۾
εܸܲӣ
˰ɡĽЦ
翴ĵӣҲ̲סſģѡ˾ô𣿻ء
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бδһۣô֪û⣿
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һ£Ӧе㲻ԼĶ䣺٣
һһûҰ˵𣿡Ľظ顣
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һҪ濼һô֪ģҸղſɶأûֻӦûϵɡ
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ǰְֶҡĽЦˡ
翴Ÿӣ̲סҡһ˲Ŀһ
ģ㻹˵أҶ˵ٱˣ㻹šĽһ
ڨڨȷʵû뵽ܲڵһ̭ѾˣͻȻ˵ṷ̂˵һҲ̫ʵС
ĽһۣҪ˵ͿˣʾţҸʵС
磺
ǲǵһĻ̌ʡ
װûǰߣĽס󣬲ңظκ󲻼ըˣ㾿ʲô
أǲǵһĽĿڡ
ͨ죬˷ŭʲôţٵģǿһεһʲôɵģûϢӣùû
Ľһ÷Ķ䣬һĿ磺ʵ𣿡
磺ˡò˵⸱С˵־ļһġ

       72 

      Ϊʱһֱѧϰ ò׿һŵĿʱˣĽ˯ֳ һֱڶ ûѹ˼
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      ҲϰԵĵڡ
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      δӦһĹʱƱ׬ЩǮ֮ǰЩûô
      ʲôʱĹƱˡ
      δõǮ֮ͿʼϤڵĹˣһԺ󡣡
      磺аɣְԶǰְ֡
      δϸ˵׬˶Ǯǵ㲻˲ûˣϲ̵ĵĩȥ¡һԵĹȪŹֵĿԴһ죬̲סˣĽ̸֪𣿡
      δͬʱһ٣ޱĿ˹
      ȪڨڨԱŲŲ֪ûѪԵϵøҽ͡
      죬Ҫ˵в
      Ȫ˸Ϸ⽺ĶʵĲˡһߵļ鳼̲סһǲ𻹷ǵǣǲë
      ԰Ҫ𣿡еĵĹȪЦЦĿ
      鳼бһۣͼǿˡȪһ£Ƭ֮ںſ˯ˡ
      ϰ¿ʱĽûδ绰ѡϾ͵Էʱˣıûˣǰŵڰ಻סʲˣѧԣ쿼ô
      ṷ̂Ϊһˣ˵Ҳûʲô
      ЦѧԿ϶̭ҿ϶һ˶Բ
      ʲôҪģ󲻾ˡͷ
      ϣѧԾѧԣ϶ģѧУѾüûˣξָء
      üͷ΢չٿҲûôǺˡ
      ǵСڱİÿ˶˵ĽǼٵģ߿ǧľŵ£һøУļӷֱ֣ӰͬˮƽȫԶԶ˦ں档
      ӷǰʮʮֵİɣҪΣAûˡСе㷺ᡣ
      鳼ںҲβУе¸һ겻һ꣬Ѿܶûֱ¶ˡ
      Ӧûͦȵģ꼶һҾû⡣΢͹Щ
      鳼ǲãΪһܴĶûУԲôõĵһ㿴һ͵Ųλˣ
      ҲǣһļôῼѧУ㱻˵ˡ
      һȪ̲ס廰ǲڳԲ˵᣿
      ԰⣿Сû
      ȪһһмΪӣû⣬⡣
      ر棬ʱĽ˽Цеĳ֡
      ǺãȻֻ˯һСʱĽѾˡ߽֮һۣûŲĿ⣬ʹҴұˣԭõӲˡ
      ϴ˵ṷ̂СӵĴɤһ䡣
      Ľ𴽽ǣ԰ṷ̂
      ˶ʱȵĿ˹ȥͬѧֱ̲סпʮô
      аɣҪӴĽ֪ǫΪ
      ȥһСˣ˸Ľദ죬ṷ̂˴Ȥòã߹İɣ
      Ľλϲһܰҵһ
      ȫࣺ
      С̲ס½ǣѹϴ֪ṷܸ̂ˣҲܴţٰ˲ǻҲ֪С㡣
      Ľбһ̧ۣʣҵڼ
      磺ֿʼ
      װ˵Ҫˣʱ͸ò˼׷ˣƫƫĽǸûûƤģͣظ⣬޿̵ŭ𣺡һһıˣ
      ȫͻȻһƬţÿ϶һֽСȻı飬֮ͬĳĻһŤͷĽϡϴһ
      аɣȲͬѧ֡Ľ
      ﻹڳ֪˭ȴͷĵƣͻȻһҵĽһ£ͻȻ۾ͻȻЩȣƺһη֣Ŭܻĺóɼܴ˵Ͽɡ
      о
      ˰Σѵûгѧѵ¶һЦݣǰǰģǿʦ͡˵һ£⿴Ľʤ֪ܲ𣿱ġ
      ֪ʦôصգΪʲô£ûûƤĽȻҲЩ˼
      Ц˵˼仰֮뿪ˣܿ¿һȺ˺ȥԷ·ϻסĽ˵Сͬѧһ·ǡ
      һ죬ĽƮƮȻһֱصỹáδɵЦĬĬóѼǰƵסڵĸоڱ˳ɼõ
      ֪˰ְ֣Ľ˵ûסЦһ֣ǲҲΪϲ䣬ԲŰѳɼάôð
      Ҫά֣δ
      ŶĽǳ˳飬ĵļʣϲ𣿡
      ÿ챻䣬ܷδ˵򴽣ͦġ
      ĽȻֻͲøְģһޱ衣
      δдκĽβ΢գʵʵĿʼͼˡת۾͵˵ڶοԵʱ䣬һǿΪ˱֤ƽÿ˵Ŀһ
      Ϊֻһ̨˼һճǩ˳ŶȥǰӻõĿȻֱӿԣΪ˷ֹйܣ֮ҪһųȥʦŵĽҵȴֱ˶꣬뿪ҡ
      Ľ鵽˵һȻǹƽģÿ˶ûй׼ʱ䣬ɵһϣҲڹùġŵӣֻĿŴĿһѩǰܡ
      Ľǲôں翼ɣͦԼ˳Ŀ֮Ϳʼתӣӵʱһ߽˿
      Իϰʱеģûס˳һŽѧ¥µĻ̳ţ۾һֱ¥ڡһܵÿʱ飬ֻΪĸףԼһϣӿľͺãΪŮȴͻȻǸΡ
      ǰҪЩΪһ轾Ůͺˣҿʱ仹üֲЩΪ·µĴ̾һʱоһӰ˹һ˲Цӯӯĺ󱳡
      ͨѡˣɡ
      ĽЦŷſô֪
      ղųܹʱֵСҪɳˣ϶ͨѡˡ˵̲꣬סЦ
      Ľס죺ǲǺܳ󣿡
      ôܣۡ
      Ľŷ֣ٺЦ裬Һģǵһ
      ôЩȡ
      ĽӶͳһųɼֽЦ۾ˣ㿴Ҽ90֣ڶ86ķ֣ҿ϶ܴѧУˡ
      ˶ӣֱҫ氡һĸ첲Ҫ˵ʲôע⵽Ա߾һβĽôУ˵ˡ
      ĽЦã˭ٱǵġ
      ˣһοԵǰεĿԽ壬ûӮ㣬Ҳ׵ӮˣӮ˾ζŲȥ϶鲻áɵӵĹͷ
      Ľ࿪ˣҲ˲ϲˣȥϲѧϮܴѧֹ£ؼʾ;־ȱԺֻ֣һϵʱ䣬Ľһοһ±㴫ȫУ
      ڶһ죬Ľֽ˸ֿ佱һ·ƮģβͶ̵ȥˡĽ෴ǲһҹû˯ڶѵڽ˯ˣοʦһԭͱٱ飬˵ˡ
      ״̬һֱ죬ʱͻȻÿοĽNɪʱһֿϷĸо
      òҪʹʲôɣ
      ˵ȥ˸ĶΡδ
      üʲô˼붥Ľ
      δĲüѹƲס
      һЦǹģҵʱȥţǸ١
      δһۣοס֡˭ûĽ˵Ľ׼һѡΣ߽˱ĵط
      αѡϿʱ䣬պȫУûεǽڣȻǹԵģȴûѧΧֻۣǵļʦͰΡðűһٵķգ˼ٹˣһֳƣЩ
      ǰĹҲû𣿡ʡ
      СüᰡУ쵼ǺܺõѧϰᣬԻѡѧϰǰʱΣѧʱĦѧϰһѧûеģҵû
      Ǽʵʵȥţ鷳֪𣿡üͷȫУ˼ѧУ쵼һ١
      ˶ʱֺõĵͷֱȥˣŤͷԱ̵δϽǰߡһĻڰУŤ
      δԱºֽһɫСϣĿȥʲô
      һСδڵ
      绹ʣСӺͼ鳼죬̲ס˹ȥʱδСˡ
      żϹʱõĵطͨĽҪǰŲΣձĹģ⣬Ľվһߣ̨϶Ρʱǵʦһš
      Ŀ֮󣬲Ľȡݣչ˱ۣĽõݣһڽĽӢɵһʱסˡ
      Ȼ֪ϴߵһһΪ㹻Ҳû뵽ôСʧ
      鳼¿ˮ۾е㻨ҿϴǲǷ˰
      ǰķˡСӵૡ
      ƨࡣͻȻȪһ˼鳼Աߵλϡ
      ͬʱ鳼ôˣ
      ĽЦȪһ
      鳼һܱܲѻ죿
      ˵ʵҲУȪ
      鳼΢簴סˣĽ˵һ£ЦеĿȪκڰ칫Ұɣ˭ļ٣
      ӿġȪɢںϣһ⧲İζˣһ˲ڨڨֱ塣
      һʱû̲סЦһôʱദҲ㿴ˣСӾǸķǵģǹĽģƫƫ˵ʲôЦ˵ʵһ
      Ľĳܿ鳼С̹ƣûͱӸòˡֵˣֻŲæվĽ͸ڱصá
      ӿһɲõԤУһĳͬʱƬ֮Сüͷôǿ𣿡ӢȻãҲ߼ж۾ҵĶϡ
      ο֮û죬ҪôǿʵΪʲôǰζûӮ
      δɫ䣺Ϊʱ׼ġ
      һ㶣ɫ͵سεıҲ̫ÿôʦǰ׼ֳ֪Ŀı֣ܿȻһûȷ֤ݣѧڼֹҲܰһֻعͬʱ˺ˡ
      ̨ϵĽƺҲʶˣ齥üеŭҪƲסɫԽԽѿʱһ̧ͷͻȻ̨µδˣԷеĳĽһ£ͻȻ侲
      ǰ֪Ŀôһ˵˼άʽǹ̶ģǰ׼ҲֻҸ۾ݺϰʹԼĻ˳е߼©һǿԼѷֵģòʵֶףǱȻұ˰æֻҪԼ侲һԴӸֽǶȷ
      Ľ˼ϸĳ֮ʼ侲ۡıֳ۾һβֵ̫Уǰĺۼ̫ԣҶΪĽ£ʵһ㣬Ҳзʵ֤תÿ־׼£Ҳ䲻
      ǰοԶûһ潻棬Ȼ֪Ľǿû뵽ôǿһʱЩˣٿҲЩꡣĽץᣬƣԽԽңǶͻȻϢ㱣ס
      翴һĻʱˣϢĹĽ˱ˮ֮ŻԼλá
      ⳡ۴һСʱ󣬰õĶˣ΢ԵмܲսΣƺԶ
      ñõõһõõĽεıһ㡣
      ҲʮּĽƣĿʱ֣ͣڰεϲҳһȺצɥʬһ㣬ʮֿɲĽЦ¶һŽ׵ݣղŵƣһɨա
      ȪһһĿǰ⣬ȻҲӮ
      ȻӮء罾ӡ
      ĽǾһ˽ɵֻȻȥ档
      Ӻ󣬶οһδе¸вμӱѧǡ
      ɫ԰׵ĵͷĽ𴽽ǡ
      ־ͬѧ
      Ľ͵һ㶣ɫͻȻѿ
      Ϲ˭㶼һ˵ģȻ˵ҪĽЦĹȪķ̼Ρ
      СӷӦ𣺡ǲǸĻϴĵˣǰйҲˣڻģ
      ô˵ģϴ󡯣Ǻ𣿣յ˵꣬ŤͷΣ㣬ôεģϿʱ䣬ѧô£
      Σܲ˵һݣúЩ˳ˡ
      һ˿ȻŭǱչѧУˮƽƽ̨ĽڲǺã̫ͱˣѧУȥԵѧУû̺ӹ֮
      ӹЦ
      βͷĿһΧ֮ôˡ
      Уƽ
      һ԰εѧȥʲôң
      ζһ£Լʱ򴽶ѧȻȥҸġ
      绹˵ʲôδסֻ֣Ľߣӵ˲ʵĿ˶һۣҲ뿪ˡ
      ΰѰνе칫־ѾˣĻ˵ǼѧþС
      Ҳͬ⡣
      ޿̣Ľѧ־ͲˣΪʦΪΣôƫģʦأ
      ƫĵĺҰɣζһҵֶκǲмΪǶҵѧҲҪ׷һƽ־ƾʵӮˣҲ˵֣ӮĽҾռŬɹ
      ˵һ£ͼν˵ˣȥμӱȻҪѡʵǿģռβ𣿡
      ռԺأĽȥμӣ˵һ60ôAǵѧܿĸѷּӸϣ־˵ѡ־ԭ
      㶣һʱ˵ˡ
      ҪǾöĽƽǾͲǼѧѻǴǶǿԵģҲ⡣ηŻ
      γĬãͻȻƽΪĽɼãҪȨ˼𣿡
      üʦ
      ǸܹĽңǴģˡҲܹͬεֻҪʦһ죬ǵȨ
      ҪҶŸ𣿣ָãá֣Ҳıˣֻ˺־һܹĽ𣿣
      سĬããҲٹ¡
      ŷͶˡ
      Ҵְ̧ͷ
      һ㶣ͻȻЩ˵
      һСӵȻ˽ңδһĽڲٳߵСɽϣ˿ŲٳѧӰ˭Ҳû˵
      úĽʣ֣ʦܰҰû𣿡
      ²ܡδ˵Ļش
      ǻŭһһʣǾôˣ
      Ľûôˣ̾ô죿ԹһҶҪ
      üǡ
      δĻʣŴӿڴͳһǸղŷϵС顣
      Ľ¼ʲôʱģ
      㿪ʼһѡεʱ򡣡δ
      ۾ⲻղšһж¼ˣ
      δӦһ
      ĽЦע˱ϣԴһʼѡ;ҿ϶ߵ󣿡
      šδֻһ֡
      ࣬С鷭ȥĿֻҪⶫŵϣͿԱѧУϺĻˣ
      ҪѧУ𣿡δĽȻѾ֪˴𰸡
      Ľһ£ǹҪ
      㶣ܿ췴ӦҪԸμӣ
      ѧУôˣƾʲôҪȥ˵ˣƵ̳ϣҲ취ѹȥû˻ֻعֻ뿴ֶѡ
      ĽСɽȥŤͷһİ裺ܴܲһΣܴܵڶΣҪԸμӣѳе¸кȥĴڽ£վ콱̨ϣǶı
      ѵõ죬վ̫£ͷʱ۾΢΢ţ¶СɰǵĻȴ͸Ų
      СţδĿҲЦ
      
 73 

һڻؽҵʱ, ѹ֣Сӵɫ̫ãȻǸղŷʲôִ
΢, ȻصλϺʳ㣺ôˣ
ղѡεĽ, ˵ף˵䲻, ˳ӣԲ𣿡ʵʱ, ޱȺڸղûȥ, ϴµʱߡ
̾, ΢΢˵ͷ, 򵥵˵һ¡
ɫЩѿǷƾʲôϴıʸҪȥ־ٱ
ѾˣٱҲûʲô, ɡ絹ƽ͡侲ҲعĻûʲôã˵ƫһɽǰ֤ó, ֤ʸĽģҲ˵ĽѧϰɼѧУ
Ȼʱó֤Ҳûʲô, Ľ۷粨, 侲һеȲμ˵
ôˣɡ
ĽһԴϣȻأ㻹һ٣
ҾǾñСһ, Ľɫ糣, Ҳû, תƻ˱ġ
˵ʱͻȻһʶſ, ֻվĽֱŤͷˡɫˢһ°ˣͶ˶ʲôû˵
ôˣǰŮʡ
æͷû¡
Ľʱ仰бһֱۣӴ߳˽ҡ
ξ¥ݿڵţǿЦЦ
ʦʲô£Ľƽ͵ʡѡε°ûв룬Ȼɫ
ûʲôӦȴΣĬú̾Բûܰﵽ㡣
Ҳǣϡ
׼ְˡδĻ
Ľһ£ʲô
ְظɬһЦøһС˵Щģֻ㣬ʦֹӶɹˣϣܵƽˣ㲻ҪѧУʧ
ȵһ£ĽϽΪ£Ҫְ
ܱѧʦʧְģȻʧְˣȻûʸİΣҲΪε¸Ĵ۰ɡһİΣѵ¶һ΢Ц
ĽЦã𰡣ôһ˵úұְһˣҲ㣬Ҳھˣ˵ְô죬ˣӦһ°Σ
£ǰĳɼˣӦûкõʦԸ档λ
ĽһٺҲ˵ˣôȷʦʺϵðˣߣǶҡѧ󲻹ƽ֪𣿡
򴽣üһơ
˵ѾԸμˣû㲻ΣĽֵĳڰ֣֮ǧְɼòеʱ˰ΣҪ˲ô죿
꼶˲ʧЦԱ֮ǰɺܶࡣ
Ľ𴽽ǣô£Ӣǽ׶ǰʮ
ˣNɪβ;ˣȻȥɡûĿһۡ
ĽٺһЦתߣ˼ͻȻͣ£عͷһ˵һֱǸѧӿѣûɫ۾ң÷ǵְ֤ͨʲôֻҪңҾͺܿˡ
γĬĺӰΣſɬһЦ֪ˣȥɡ
Ľһθ˵ôĻ䲻ɵЩȣٲģʵڲ˼ֻԵĻؽˡ
һң߽ͻȻʣʦ˵ʲôˣ
ܵ𣿡Ľбһۡ
ҧס촽û˵ˡ
죬ĽÿֻҪ뵽ˣͻηϢȷûдְֱζ޿̣ൽ칫ѵһ٣ŲٷɧŶš
⼸첻ľսģζεԼĳһ˶ˣֻҵȣʼյȲϢȥ˶ΣȷᱻߺֿʼֺΪ׼ٻϰڶʦĲ
ͼ̸ҪĩõѧϰȻڴʱĲУξǸĽһҪˣ˵ĻȻᱻϡظκ󣬰Ҳֻȥˡ
£ͬѧ֪Ҳֻ˽ֹ˭Ҳûеҹʹ죬Сӵ˸ǱĽ˭ҲûǲòӲ
ϴ治һҾǿС˵־鳼֡
ĽһŰɣڷԽԺˤԽҡ
ǿɲһαˣ챧ѧϰһøλССĵ
ҲЩڨڨǰϴĻý
ĽЦý̤ȥ˵
鳼Сһ㶣Ӱκ鳼ӲͷƤǸϴ˼ұίӦòв
ϴ˼ҪԸĿһۡ
СӶʱϲˣģϴû
ϻ˲ˣĽĿ¶м˵ֲһ䣬ˣ²Ҫκ֪𣿡
Ϊʲô鳼⡣
Сø첲һ£ɵһҪ䲻Źˬ˵ȥʲô˼
ˣϴ֧㣡鳼Ϊտ̾֡
СӸһ£ϴ㱨𣿺ͽֹˡ
籨ˡĽһõĻȥҰְֲϰˡ
˱ƣԲμӵ˺ܶ࣬Ϊڰº԰֮ҪӴѧѡǰʮһԾܼˡܾЩԶԼ˵ʲô⣬Ľ׼ˣÿδԼΡ
δԸϣֻͻȻԼ̸Ĺûˣãһ糿ڵ쿪ʼϰ
ΪʲôĽ۾
δûʲôɽˡ
㲻ҺúѧϰںúѧˣôýˣĽһ۾Ϳ
δɨһۣԷһ¡
ǲУҺҪˣһֱɸ֮ģҵӵСĽ۾
δĬһ˲ǽϢٲΡ
һһ𰡰ְ֣Ľʹļף˵ݺһ㡣
δûĻ·ˣĽһ治Լˣߺĸȥ˽ңһλϾ͸״Ҫչˣܹ
ô£ãȻʡ
Ľ˵һ飬統üͷͬĿδҪǾˣͲʱ룬һ㶼̣ڿǹؼʱڡ
㲻֪δʡ
ɻ󣺡֪ʲô
δĬƬ̣ʵû⡣
Ľ˭˵ģڸоԼɸһȫ©øҰѶϣ
ѽøϡ̸͡
δĿǳĽĸһ飬ڶڴĿһһҪ
ĸӶˣֲҡ
ôȰδһҪչӣֻգʼҪ顣ϰȥʳóԷʱĽŷδڱ۵⣬δֻһش𣺡첻Ρ
Ľ㻹Ұ𣿡
δ˹İԵԲǣҪҰ͹¶Ժ𣿡
ô˵ģһۣǰһѼԼDD
ȻͿ꼦ԼˡȻԼˡ
𾪵죬һ㲻ǲϲ𣿡
δָһ£ԡ
ΪʲôͻȻˣ粻⡣
δ˵أ
Ķ˰ΣͻȻָĶͷε૵հ
ſδ
̷ſ֣ٺһЦȻδޱĵͷûҪӵ˼δЩֲ֣˵ֻԼĬĬ۲졣
Խ۲ԽòԣôʱڲˣԷʱҪһˮ棬ó˵óԣΪʲôҪԣ˵óԡ
԰ˮʲôóԲóԵģ
ԽԽ֣ɻͬʱһ춼ŬѧϰҪĵʺͿĶˣȻδҲûж࿪ġ
϶ǳˡ
Աһ̲סĽѯʣûоֲ̫Ծ
аֲϹĽ̻ش
üˣ
ûСĽϽƲϵ
һǾˣûҲûУΪʲôһֱڲˣ
ÿ¶еǼ졣Ľ
˵ÿҲеڵ£˾Ľ˵е˵ͷ˼ڸô
óԵİɣʳáĽ
ʧЦԼ˰ɣ֪ϲƷġ
ǾǺ֣϶áĽȻ֡
룺ǡȥС⣿
԰Ľͬ⡣
ôˣȥʳƷתһȦǵĶƷ಻̫ãУĵ˵绰һµС⡣
ȵϰѧʱ򣬵Ҳʼˣǿ쵽ʱ˵绰
á֪ˣںǽǰɣԵھ͹ȥ绰ȥ
ʲôȥδü
ĽڵǸ㶩˸⡣
δһ£ѹͻȻûôˡĽһ£õ飬㶺ʣô𣿡
ûСδ䵭ڣȴ΢΢졣
൱˽ϸ׵ĽٺһЦװˣҶˡ
δɨһۣĿͣǽǴ
ʮң˻һСɵĵӡδĿһᣬӹ˺ӡ
лл
ƽһºĽ˵ˣ
ţû뵽Ѿ׼ˡδüչ
һ֪ˣҲŷ磺Ҳǣǲ֪ͲһһţҲ°Լƻ
Ҫ塣δش
һǰôûôʽУ˵̷ҲǰҪǵĻҼһӣ¸µʱ׼Ȼδ˵ƣ˭ܳܵ
δһ£̷򣿡
԰˵ע⵽ƺ̫ףЦЦͣÿµǼ죬ѧʲôҲ֪Լ滻һ¾С
ΪǴ̷򣿡δ꣬Ĭˡ
ĸӶ˾Ϳѧ˴һʼ죬ֻһӾͱ˵ѹħʱЩڨڨãȻ
Լ԰ɡδѵ⻹磬תȥûüϵĽʱһء
ôˣ˵𣿡ʺźöࡣ
Ľǳ˳飺Ҳ֪ղŲúõ𣿡
Ǵʲôʱ򲻺õģ
Ľϸ룬ȷϵǴ˴̷ʼġ˵̷ɶָǵ𣿡
дͱˡĿĵ⣬ɵ̾
Ľеˣһòã
ˣɡӶδƷûˡ
ĽûгԶʳĴ㣬򿪺֮һ飬ʣµľͶˡֻŻᣬ¥ʼһֱ˼һ൱ѧ⣺δôˣ
һֱ뵽ϴû뵽Ϊ̫ӣֱӶˣʱĿ˵ϣʱ۾һ
ʱδ򿪺Ӻһ飬ճ˼һͬһ㽩ס˨DD
죡ǣδգ
һֱŵģֻ̫࣬һĶĽϣȻ˶û
һŻŵķµ⣬ҵֻδ绰ȻԷֱֻӹػˣҧҧָĽ򣬽СҲ֪ڸʲô˼ͨ˽
֮£ֻô˯ܣ˼ͻȻ뵽⣬ִæѵװãž¥ܡѾ붬Сһͷ춼ö˯ºܺܵ¥ºԾýһЩ
ͬѧȥģ¥ܽס
һ£ڨڨȥͬѧ͵㶫
㰡ʮӾ͹ˡ¥ܴ˸ǷֻԼСˡ
򴽣ͷҲصĳܣܿ͵δ¥¡Ҫͳֻ绰һŷûҪܻȥã¾ˡ
ſտյţٿԼϴĪ˯£ҧҧñӣŵ˽ȥ

 74 

Ѿҹʮ, ٽ˯ʱ䣬ϼûʲôˣżм, ҪôڸŮѴ绰, ҪôǾһ죬Ȼʱʱһ, Ҳֻһ۶ѡ
Ͼ˭ţŻҰ׸˯µĻǸŮ
Լ, ˳˳ߵδǰ, Ľųĺ˯, ˾Ϳʼš
ע, ֻ̫˰춼û, ԽԽšߴ鳼ʱ˲ˣϵҲӦ
ż鳼ԽԽԼҪ¶ʱͻȻʹ, ۱΢ʪǳɫ˯£ͷ㿴δһͷʪĬĿ
ף
鳼ٴ, һ, δֱӰק˽ͬʱŹˡ鳼չһ, ղʲô˽ȥ, ûֱſ, һɻȥСˡ
СӺĽͷͷĳȻչȥɻҸղſȥ񡣡
ʲôĽü
鳼ʼ磺֪, 뿴˭ģǻûͽȥˡ
׼ȥˣĽü
鳼ͷ԰ȻȥˣΪ㲻ڵĻ˭ȥġ
ˡĽͣ
Сɨһۣʲôֵģ񻹲ԼѰ
ܡĽͼ鳼ͬʱڡ
Сӣôûѣ
֪ƨĽ˵꣬㿪ʼȻϽȥ
δݺΪֱӱӲ.ҵۣһƽʱҲûôôʵ
ֻǲǰδ˵ͣһ£˼Ŀĵ⣬ʲôˣ
ʵұһֱŵģĽǼһ¶̫ˣһʱûϣ֪дһԭҵĶԲ˵ֺ꣬õǰȥƵĻȥ
δ˰Σ͸֣ԭ¡
ôС֮ǰĺͿʼƻˣһֱʲô治ǹǵġ簧ԹĿ
δ֮ǰʲô
һöǡһ
δ˾磬ٸұࡣ
û뵽ʲôʱһ𰸵磺
գѣϼδĸ
ûסЦһ־ʱЦ̫ãƲһŹֵģԲ֪ˣɲԿڳϿϴķϣҼأ
δȰҡ
̰ѵ˹ȥûҪӵ˼Ĭһ˲ˣԹ㿴ôȷҪ𣿡
˯Ȼʵɫֻ˵ģӾЧ˵һͰҪżҲᴩ͹ˣû뵽˼ҾȻ
ܺÿδ
񣺡ʲô
ܺÿҺϲδ˵꣬⽥ˡ
ĿΪƭһףֻѶ˵óڣ
ĺÿδ
㶣ϵ¶ٴĿռ˾ĿŶԷڲ֪ýЩ
촽΢ȴƬ֮δ΢ָ򢴦۾˹ǵúƺƷʲôζԭͽӲ壬ΪӽӲˡ
δʮ㣬ıŤ󣬱ץַԼ䣬һһĴͶչ£ûôӲˡ
ƹ͸죬һˮ⣬ֻֽʸסδδ΢˱øһЩҪʲôʱſͻȻԿ׿졣
͵۾żæŵƿδһĽʹˣ˶ӵ˲ͬʱסһк񶼱סһ㣬˭ҲûжֱһӺĽżѿڣ衭˯ôô󣿡
˵û˰㵱ư͡ձͱյĵδһۡɣ˯¹ȻܳҲΪƭԼʲô˵ó
ԣôĽܿҵص㡣
Ĳ¿ˮڨڨҡʲôǸ
ҹաδϡ
Ľһ㶣ԣǽ죬˵һҾȻˣְֶԲ̫ˣҾû
ˡδɨһۡ
ĽɰͰ͵Цһע⵽УϽڵܹȥӣպе⣬ְֱȸһΣĩ١
Ӵ򿪣ԲԲĵȱ˺ôһ顣
Ǹʣġδû
ѣĽԵģ
ûôɣǲҲˣĽĿ
һûԣԵġ
Ľüǡ
ǡ۾
Ľһ£ĵ˵ͷûҳԵġ
̫Т˳ˣҪ̥ɡ繷ȵװһȥδǰʾá
δ΢ɣãʱһ
ǵҵ̸̥ǲеˣĽ˵ʶһ⣬ԣǹϵʲôʱõĶ̥ĵزˣǲǷֻ֡ͬѧ𣿡
գԼ֪ǽй¶ˡ
ԼţȻעⲻĽ飬ԸϽδԶ˵㣬ɰͰ͵ĽͣⲻǿЦôҪҪ̥ΪʲôڶǶŮ
ĽһҲеҪͷͻȻע⵽ĲԾɵ۾
㡢㿴ʲô¿ˮ
Ľôˣ
ôˣһϽס졣
Ľһе죬ǲǳʲôĶˣ˵ע⵽δĴɫҲЩԣŭǲǱ͵ˣ
磺
ûСδ䵭Ŀһۡ
ĽŶţޣ϶Ǳҳʲôˣ𣿣
㻹˵أôô죿Ͻ
Ľһ£ҳȻˡ
ǣ͵ԡЦ
ĽƳûˣǡǻΪƽʱôԶѽ˵ˣǳƽˣϽ򡣡
˵Ϳʼϲ򣬲ʮ˸ʼ籧ѣٲһ
ΪʲôĽ⡣
ʮѾˣӦǵʮŸȲܵˣ˵ȷʵǵʮŸˡ
Ľֲһȼȥ˵ƣһտָ衣ȻֻˣıӪ20˵ķΧδʼü۷ɵĿǣǳ۾Ը
ʵ֮ǰԶһһ볤棬ûոҲûףԶԶįҲϰˣһֱ磬ŷԭЩ̲룬һһߣʵд¸Ȥ
δ֣Ը۾ʱ㿴ĸеĿ⣬𣬱һڣ˵Ͳˡ
ʵҲģ˵˵ƭ
ĽҲŸͣ԰ǰɣ˵ܰʵء
˵δǳᶨһʱ˺粻ֿԸƭ˵󣬲¾ͷˣһ˵ʲôҲй¶
ĸֻ֣ð̾ķˡ
˵ƣ˵⣬˸Ƿվ˰
ȥģĽ档
бһۣȥģᰡ
֣¥͹ˣڻȥ͵¥ܰ㿪ţҹ²ͱˣĽε
Ŷˡ֪ʶе鷳ˣһ޹ĿǰҸô죿
δ¡
Ľסһɡ
ͬʱڣű㿴˶ԷĽһ裺ͻСǲͬ˯ģ
ʲô߰ġ
δĸҲһҡ
Ľһ㶣ʲô˼
ҵĴȥҳסδƽ˾
ĽûӦأ
˯Ĵδش⡣
磺
ĽҸϳȥ˯ĴȻ˯ҵĴ𣿡
šδһ
磺޲Ļ˵óأ
ĽЦˣҵɵأôʮ绨ĸףйŮһң
ɵƯһ䣬Ǿ䡮ĸסȻʼڴĽʹϸס
ֻӶ˳Ĭӣ֮δһֻû˵Ľһȵ˵ſڣ֡裬Ρ
磺.


 75 

һű, ޹۾μѵû˵ɣΪʲôܣ
ΪûġδевˣĨǵĲһ
ǳ˳飺ǡô죿
ϴ𣿡δʡ
˵ͷ, ҡͷֳԵˡ
ϰ߲, δͬĿ̨ˮ, ȴպһ¡
ŶŶá±Сѵ⣬ԸϽ̨, õˮʱͻȻʶ˲ԡ
ڵصˮѵ˵ദ£
ԥ￴, δʰղŵĵ, ûиԼӵ˼, Ǿڡ
֮εĻص, ûӦðĽлǸ
Ҹ㻻µĴ֣˯ɡδƽ˵꣬㴩Ьߵǰ
ΪҪԼ, ʶı۾Ƭ֮оĺڴߣűǴӺЦ
۾ʱ, Ѿֱ, зŵúӣˮζܺš
֪Լˣһº, ޲Ҹطȥ, Ȼֻбӷ졣߳ŭĵһ, ֱ£ñӰԼ
δƺûĽ, תȥ˵ƣԼĽĴ¡
ڱ˰죬ƽƿӣȥĽȻƿԺĿ֮ҲǺڰġ
Ĭһ˲ʵĿڣδôصƸʲô
δ
ҾûǰĽлɣԼݲ˯ȥ˷һ˵©ô죿߶߶˵йŮģһҲʣһĽ˲õʾô죿
ڰУδһԲ
˶٣ɵʣ˯ˣ
˰죬ûȵ˻ӦĬ룬ͻȻڣδҰ㡣
һжˡ
۾ʱ䣬˵ң˵ûңһ
Ҳ㡣ֻһδ㿪ˡ
ĺһװ˯б¼
ˣϽ˯δޱץľ̬
粻УĽлȻҾͲ˯ˡ
Ҫұ˯δʡ
һ£ӦըëȻҪ
ǾͰδƽв֮⡣
ͻȻĽղΪʲôôˡ
粻ΣֵַŲˣܿӾʹ˳˯ߡδĺǸһЦ⣬ҲܿŽ硣
Ȼ˸ط绹˯Ψһв̫죬ѵ˺ķֻʮֲԸ۾
ԺԱ߿ͿδȥţһĽͽˣŻл㱵ףղŸӣĽ
֣裬ϺáĽɰͰ͵Ц
δɨһۣ컹аСʱרڣ
ûУ̫࣬Ҿϴʡǫ̂ĽҲ죬ԲѵķܹȥԼĴ˯ĺۼ󣬶ʱһ
ãϰû޲絽Сֵĵز
֪ݼҸ֮жٰӿ˯СʱһԴ˯
δҲصϣϱӼ¡ֻĽһվҲǲҲǣֻȥ̨ϴˡ
Сʱգ۾͹Ȼ绹û˯Ǳδˣڻû𴲣Ͻỻ·
ԸϽĪ·ҪߡѾϴõĽϽ׷ȥһֱŵ¥£תᡣ
ȵһٴλʱǽ֮ˡȥ֮ȣĽ൱۵Ĺ۲һ£ȷϰûʲô󣬶ʱһ
δԽĵһգڴССйȥˣû˴Ľӭ˵һαѡοԡ
죬δȥģ˰Ľͽ֮󣬱ţֱһСʱĽ
ôʡ
Ľɫɣɣ˶࣬ͳһ֮ıǵˡ
ǾͻȥŰɡһĽš
ĽЦĿһְۣοļ򣺡İɣҵʵ㻹֪
֪ģҼĽ̿϶ġ̵
ĽٺһЦŰְѧУˡʱգۼţܿһοԵĽͳˣĽԤϵһ˳ͨ˿ԡ
峡ѡοĽ˹һ㣬ǰ壬ܿͳ嵽ǰʮձĹ涨ֻҪѡнǰʮʸԸ˵μӱ
õʸ죬ĽĬãŲмһǲϧҲҪõĶ𣿿Ҳô
ٵģȻôͨŬõģĺ߶ˡ翴ֻʾϸ񡯵ۣõһ
ĽôãԭǳƽľƣͻȻҲ÷ǳˣƨߵߵȥҫȥˡ
ĽͬǣԴõʸ󣬾ƺĳƿڣÿͼʲôʱԺﶼԼĽڱѹŴĳӶһɡ
ǰ׼ú𣿻᲻ỹǱ˾߼ϵӲ׷ʹ
֮Ҹ˰Լ
ѧͻȻδǰ˿Ľǰȥˣֻδһڽ
ġδȫĽɿ
δⶼûָʰöߡ
ѿǺ׷ȥĽǰǸôΪ㸨İɣҿԸǮܶǮвУαܽǰǾ͸ʮ򣡡
ôѹǮĻȥҰҪһԴġ
δһͣü
۾һģǮһ㣬ʵڵĵĻҿԤ֧һ룬ֻҪҽǰһ̰ʣһ롭
ĽǷԺ˵Сĵ㡣δ
һ㶣ܵų֣ϲô˵ҿԲ˵ҵĻ㿼һ£ʮһСĿ׾õˡ
Ҿܾδ
üΪʲôһ£Ȼ֪ΪĽҴӦԱܣڲҲңҲ㱳ǵĹϵ
˭˵δʡ
Цˣ㲻öôˣܴ˵һ룬ͻȻʶʲô㵵۾
ڸѡнǰʮ֮Ǿͻڱֳ棬δĿĮĿ㻹ʱ䣬ԳͨУί㵱ȥҶһ
ɫˢİˡ.

        76 

λһƮ, ȥʳĸ, ɻߵδߡ

    ɫôôˣĽɵʡ

    бһۣ㻹˽֣ǻ˵𣿡

    ǵÿΪ˭, ҪΪҵĻְֻǿԴģĽ˵, ȵĿδǲǰְ֣

    δɨһۣˡ

    Ľ

    ʲôˣ˶װ

    δһƽĽղŵ˵, ĸӶ𾪵ð춼˵Ƭ֮Ľһ㸨ֻ˵ó, 𣿡

    һô, δ˺޳ܵˡп

    δĬĬߵм䣺, ȥԷ

    ã˵ͣһ£ɵĿδ, ûз, Լм䣿

    һ֮δ

    Ľ飺һ֮ƽʱģ

    üҼͥλô߰ʲôʱҵģ

    һµʱ, һµʱԼĽٺЦ

    磺ôҲģ

    ĸӶ˸δ, ·עĿǡþЦһ, ŤͷԱߵΡ

    ѧʲôӣǳ

    ɨһۣͦãôˣ

    ãҿǲҵ, ѹһĳɼôЦһ

    ζһ£Σ꼶һ

    Σ

    ˣǸҪشְģҲҴ̣ҳؾС䵭

    α΢䣺һˣʹˣǵʱЩΣְ֮Ҳҹȸ㳷ˣԺ𶯲˵ְΪһʦһԶûУôѧ

    ֻǷܵЦЦûҪ˼ɼİΣĸѧУʱְģڸҲû壬ǲ˵ˡ

    ΢ʵĿһۣ󲽳ǰȥ

    ת۾͵˸ǰһʮ˸ѧУϸѡʮˣһʮ˸ˡÿѧУⳡʮֿأ϶רָһʦѧȥμӡ

    е¸ǶθŲȥһУˡĽδڽѽҪĶˣŵȥҰ١

    ˵Ͽڼܳȥ£ѾֵÿˡĽ˸߲ҵܵȣһͷ绹ţͻȻͶˡ

    ЦЦһ͵ơĽĽݣŸʲôһȥ

    ңһ£δһͿ𣿡

    ĽϻֱܽϽģʱ䡣

    Цư͵ĸˡߵ뿪ʹð۷׷ףи鳼ǹϵ㲻ˣĽǸȥˣ

    鳼ĺһҪ˵ͱСס죬ɻСӸЦԵȣϴܲ˵

    ˵ͷſ˼鳼ͷĽ˶ţԭﲻôˣҲΪһٶﱳС֧Ŷ׼

    һ󣬾ͿСɵĺ˿ȫ඼ϴȥμӱˣ

    ֮һЦ飺־𣿡

    ԸμӵģУעĴǣǲ䣬ֻûвգѡС͵

    ȴţ˰ɣĽǿҲǿ־Ǿǿơ

    ſأ鳼˭֪ϴǰοԶǵһ˵ʵǱȲǿҪǲףϴҲ䡣

    ԰ϴܿԼμӱ֤ʵˣһ԰ǻ

    ЦѡǰʮǺǿҲܷǲѧУģȻʮ꣬ΪʲôЩѡģûһܽǰ

    һĻܵһ־̭ˡ

    ǵһôйԵ˵˶ЩȣҲûж룬пĽ֮󣬱ûˡ

    㲻ֹһ䣺ϴһӮġ

    ĹȪԣһ

    һһȥҰ٣ĵõһٳջǰѼĥˡϳ⳵ǰٰصaʱ翴Ľ˷ܡ

    ԱߵĽСǲƤпˣ֪ܳ档

    ãƤпˣѹһֱ̥ϲ̵Ŀ佱ȻҲܳ棬Ͽʱܳȫͬĸоڵ˴󽱵ϲøС

    ĽЦĸ첲˵δӺӾ䵭Ŀһۣá

    ѽĻ̌ͷĿһ£ĬĬſĸ첲

    ȻĺõĶķ羰Ц۾ģϡֵӣ˵ĴǶ

    ˵aʱٰļݽǰΧˣҵд̨ǼǣȻʳ¯ıʸ֤ȥҿ

    ˾һŽݽʱϤصĲԱ߶Ͳ豭һ

    ʦ糰һ䣬һһĺŽݽߡ

    ıʽܼ򵥣ʽֳ飬ÿ˸ˣȡĿб;ٵһΪ˱ͬһ̫ѧȴȫĿԣһƽֻҪίͨͿԲμһ

    Ľû̫ĽŸУһҺһ뿪˽ѧ¥ȥҸƵϢģδȴͣ

    ֣㻹£Ľɻ

    δˣתתɡ

    ĽһۣӶԷ۾￴ĪЦһ㲻ǲϲôĵط𣿡

    aǱʡõĴѧȻˣ߰ɡδƽ

    ѵҪĽȻûʲôþܾģһڿʼѧУתơĽǲȤģɽҲú

    ѧ͸лбʵģ³еƯĽȫʩǲԶˡһƵ·ţĴǺ档

    ȻһֱסaǣΪԶڣѧ߲һĵطȺˣԼʱҲһûΪԼֵطעûԵֵġ

    ȻղԼǺαжãԼʧ䣬ûһĺôֻû뵽ջιˡ

    aļɽaݷݷѧӣͻȻһССۣ뵽Լʵɵ̾Ϣһɣ˵ҪˣҲͽ˸УֿŵȴԲĸо͸ˡ

    ȻĸУ⻹ҵһa󡭡ԣСʱӦɣҲǵˡĽĿܡ

    ˸һ£ν͵ʣ㡢˵ʲôҡǵĸУ

    ǰͰְֵĸУĽ˵ͣһ£һͬĿڵĳɼaӦ˺ܶɣ

    ǡҿˣ۾

    Ľͷԣˡ

    һϲĿδҾȻa󣿡

    δĿ¶Ц⡣Ϊ˱֤Ժÿһ죬ոµһ죬һֱرܹδ£Ľ˵֪ԭ˶a

    ڵѧϰȣ翼aЩΣյģҪӴѶˡδеЦ⽥ʧ𽥸һΣյ뷨

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ôǿΪʲôǵһȪĵʣ㷢ʧҲýǰɣƫƫǸǿǵһ
⻰һŮҲ˵ʲôˣϾʵôΪʲôǲѧУƺԶ

ۣܵɫҰףתܣȴһִ֣ƫƫҪҲɫѿȴƲҶԡ
΢СһЩĽЦʹһҲúܻƣòƽ룬ѧУԼѡηʽȻѡһλͬѧӦΪ϶ҸʺϲҲûʲô˵ġ
С̨֣µСʡ
δĴ΢΢𣬲ûлش⡣
̨ĽһǾڸղţҲͻȻ֣ѡηʽ⣬ѡε⡣
˵ֱ꣬Ӱֻ˳˵沥¼Ӷ˵ʼţһһų
úͽҶˣ˻ƵķԣֻٵĺĸСᷢչ죬ѾԽԽѧȫλλһֽ˲ĸо
¼Žκ˶û˵ĽֻЦеĿΣΣҪû˵ҪҲû취ѡ֣ιãƾʵڸԵѧУӱģ˳ˣ̭һˣֻʣˣѡǸҲǰҼôѧУøһ
Ľ˵ͣһ£򲻼ʱеЦ⵭ֻһʼߺĽֻѹһͷˣ֮ǰ¼ıƵóȻ쾹ȻԼڲʹԼԡ
Ľɲʲôӣӱһ˲䣬;Ҫʹˡ
̧°ͣ߷δƷУѧϰٺҲûã챧ϰˣۣѧѧôһֱˡ.


 78 

콱̨Ϸۻʲô, ѾĽҪ˼ˣ̨˲䣬ȫ񱻳ɾһ, ſδ, ֻһˡ
̫, ſŲ㲻˵Աߵ׵, ûǸӡ
δߺ, ŵڣȥԷɡ
ð, Ҷ, Ľ˵꿴磬Ҳ˰ɣ
ãûס, һá
Ľһ£ղǳ˶ʳ
ûٰһֲռӡãȻĿ
ȷʵռӣĽԵ˵ͷ, ȥԷɡ
Ӧĵĸ첲ǰߣֱδǿдм, ĸűȷ롣
ʱ, 绹Լж౥ɵһ, ǿž;úҭ
ĽվһĵĿ, Ѿò, һͿʼ̻ʣֱһ׷, ٶȻͿһ򰮳Ե˿θڲѣſ²ߵĶǰʳ
ǲǲĽǵʡ
̾ջظղŵĻʵҲͦռӵġ
ǳ˶ٰĽЦá
δش𣺡࣬Ҳͼѡ
ĽҪ˵ֻˣͷСӷϢʱסˡ
ôˣɻ
Ļ̌ͷ֮ǰ绰ˣ
ûаɡǵģҿ˾˵ţŵһΰֻͳհѾˣֻϾͻͻͻһϢĵ㿪Լɵסˡ
Ľӣ˵гϢʱ򣬾ͷлϯֱĵžͷʮӵղһ֪ʲô֪ˡ
⡢ЩɾôףڵĻࣿ綼Ҫˡ
Ľ̾˽Աѹһ°ɣ˵˶٣ŴƬЦ̲סԱߵδ֣ûоźʺ̫Цˡ
磺ɾ
ҪȡЦɾˡδɨһۡ
ĽͬʱѹֻƲƲɾˣͷ˽ĹԱĹδĬĬ̳һƬֻؽ˿ڴ
һڳ극ֱӻѧУˣܵҵĻӭֱƸյ˵һĽûаȫꡣĸӶ˵ܻӭ̶ȱδԵûʲôˣֻСӵΧߡ
鳼ĵҼϴǹûлģ̫ˣԽҪԽ˼䣬ϣԺýỵ́ǧ
԰ϴ󿼴ѧͿˣѪԵϵķϣǧСҲֺãɣĩϴԷúøлһ㡣
δɨһۣá
˶ʱƤһҪ˵δѾлˡ˵ֱˡ
СӺͼ鳼Сɻʣʲôʱлģû񽱸
󡢴˽µʱ򣿡鳼Ҳ̫ȷϾδ˽ӣϲ̨棬˽µлˡ
СһҲеʱˡ
αĸĽǰǣͬУѧʱʱչкУҲǵġʮഺٵʱ򣬱עĶˣĽҲĽһյ顣
ϰһʱһαСסˡ
СְϣĽͬѧģ
Ľһ£ֽ˹û˵СˣһգӰӶˡһķ˰ɣͦţס
ǸʱʲôģĽ档
ɨһֱۣ˵£ʲô
ֱ˵ΣַʽίҲʡñ˴ѿĽ˵ֱ꣬Ӱװˡ
죬̲סʣ㲻
ٿɡĽ˵꣬СӼǰţ׷˹ȥ
ĿıӰɵÿʼ˰ֻ̾ϧһֱţδûҪӦ˼̲סˣͲģ
ʲôδʡ
εĿڣаҪ߿ˣҪ̸ൢѧϰ
Ҳ̸ѧϰˣδʡ
죬Զԣűһ䣺ҲһҵĿ϶ûҵĺá
δһ£ϢʼãټƺͦգƬ̺󿪿ڣϲĸ𣿡
ϲ֪˵ʲôⲻ̲ס̾Ůʱ򣬸ʲôԤĸף̲סֺӵ£֪ȫµĸĶǾһô˫ˡ
δָȥǵҷе̲סΪû취Լ£ϸһ£Ĵ˵ˣϲûдҲñ͵ģô޹ô棿
ǡǾôŲܣԥ
δĿͻԼһ˳Ȼ
ˣССĺһЦҿڣҲ¡
㲻ӷͺáδ΢΢
δ̸ͨ˺ܶ࣬ȵڶٻذʱ򣬾ͲĽ˶顢ûжĸС̬Ȳһˡ
ʱһ׼ȥԷһαСסˡ
ĽֳѾϤˣԷɫŷε֣Ұɡ
ǸģҸġС˵꣬Ͱ
ʶĽסˣӦʱСѾԶˡǳ˳飬ĵͷŷ⡣
ӴҲ˰ĽĴչȥܵ򿪡
бһۣ֮ǰô򿪣
˼Ůô˽ܣдѾˣô㿴Ľ̵
Цһװڴ˼Ҳһ˽ܣĵĻûò
Ľеʲô˽ܵģ˵̿δ˵Բԣ
֪δɨһۣ󲽳ǰȥ
Ľһ㶣ڨڨ磺군ˣϰˡ
ɣе㲻̫ȷɴԼݿĽȥСѧǳԷ
OKĽ൱ʶܵˡ
ӣȥ׷δ·ֱҪ˼ϵʽԡѡΪֱӾܾˡδһֱߵò죬ܾ˵ЩǺһ㡣
׷ȥ󣬴ȤԱߣϲûдҲ͵ģ޹Ӧñɣ
ǷֻĽЧδ
һͬˣΪʲôЧ
Ϊûˣδͣڴһǣ鲻õþܾ
ûӦ㿴ҸղŲ;ܾˡ޹գһ۾
δ˵ˡ
ЦĿˣҶӦԺԲϡͿţˡ
׼šδ䵭
ĵͷûȥ֮͵͵٣֤Ȳ˼ҵֲš
δˣһۺʳߡûס͵͵ЦһСŸ˹ȥ
ֻϧûˣֹ˱ͣһǾܾ;ܾ͵͵СУģܣ˻ض֪˭
δһ鶼̫ãúܺˣԼ˱飬ʮֲˬ
ϣȥҰһϰʱôˣȴһҲ˵һֱڶ죬㲥ҪץУ԰ȫֹ˽Ŀɵģ
ʲôèѧУѧȫ˺ܴвδƽ
磺ǲЩҡ
ʧδ
ĸô˵ûûУͦõģҺϲ
δ⡣
죬ǡУסУڵأ
ŶϾ͸ĩˣο֮ٿҳᣬЩ¿ñҳĻԼ˼߰ĵطδЩˣ˵൱Į
𾪣ѧУٿļҳ᣿
ĩҳᣬ⼸Ĵͳδ˵һ£ұ뽨ѳɼҳȻмҳᣬǾˡ
磺еģĳ
δ˵ĩԵıƽ߹Ȼ徻ڽ졣
һһĹAӭһѩʱĵˡʱ䷢£αˡתУԼδˡ
Ƕ¼Գе¸еӰ컹ǺܴģΪ˲ѧͼҳģУֱӽοˣ˳㽫ѧУ쵼ϴһ˴һڲ񣬴޷۹⣬ֱӾĵתѧˣȵ˷ʱѾˡ
δ¡ĽУˡ
ĽĿ궼A֮ƺͻȻʶƵѧȥ˭뿼ϣֱӰÿյѧϰɲ˾ʹķʱĸԷֻߴȥٳܲÿζҪĸо
ȻδǲûκĩҲٷŹǣڼҵʱҪһѧȫܽеĻֱӳͷ
һĩſϣǰһѷ飬ɵһѧ˿һѧˣǿѸһѧ꣬ҪʣµĲᶼѧᣬټܸϰǲǻ갡
һάָǿȣſꡣ
㻹ãҾʣ°ˣҪˡΪѧϰһˣĽҪ㲣һʲôѧ뷨ûˣֻбҵ±꣬ʱ롣
һƺȲδƽɨ˶һۣԹʱ䣬Զ౳ˡ
֣òĩˣͲǷһ𣿡Ľ
δֻ֣ܡ
ĸżǰһѧϰӡδ˼һ˲úѧϰٴȥѩ
ĸʱһ𣬽뵽뺮ٻнһ£ʱɥˡǲȥѩˣǼ𣿡
δ˼Ƭ̣ĸӶڴĿ»ĳͷǳʮƪ͡˵ͲĻԼ䡣
ĸ
ֻʣˣĳĬ֮󣬲֪˭̾ϢһŶ˱ķ˿αĩָ˯ʱѧϰЧǲܸߵģ˵ϵʱ򣬺ıˡ
Ѿֻˣ糭ӢĽģԼݳɣδ˵һ£Ŀɨ˵Ҫӵĳһ߳һŷ룬ÿƪ䱳һ£Ͻҡ
ɱͨķѶˡ̾ϢһɵÿĽƷȨĽҲɵװûİʾɵֻˣˣֻתԼҡ
ʮƪӢĳѣѵǻҪŷӱУĵٲһ£һƪһٴʵĵʣҪýСʱʱ䣬ʮƪĻǡСʱ
ʱ֮һƬֻƪͳȥˣȥδš
δţͿ˯¿վԼǰΪů㣬ֻһˮɫ˯£ӶûԲ׵Ľֺ¶˯棬Сֿɰ
δĿŲһʣ£
ǽȥ˵ɡֺõЦЦ˷ţŸˡ
δĶ̲סͷһֻܿƵĵߵһˮˣʲô£
ҡɲٳһ㰡Сһ䵽ߣߺĿڣʮƪ̫ˣҪŷ룬ʵ̫ˣҸղһСʱû͵Ҳͳƪѡ
δһ£úѧϰͲᱻ
֪һúѧϰɲԷһΪ˲ҪˣԼбɵ
δһףÿԼߺʱټҲᶯҡ˿̵ͻȻĬˡַԼһż⣬һ¡
δһ㶣ʱ
ţ㣬˺òã졣
δĬһ˲ٿʱ΢΢ˣԡ
۾һҪ˵һ䣺׷
ô
û˵꣬ͻȻƵ˴ϣɵʱĳ˾͸°
ʧķȣеԽ约£ֻϧʱκģʶҪ룬Ҳֱܲ˯ϵĿӱ⿪һţĳ˹һҧһڣ͵ؾѣһѰƿˡ
𣿣𾪵סӡ
δЩȣĬúʣˣ
ۡҲҧ˰˫ۣ·𱻴ƭСá
δ򴽣ǸյǸбһ˿İûڣûдԽҲøбҵˡ
ôͻȻᵽбҵ粻⡣
δζĿһ£ͻȻͶˣͷһ£Կ͡бҵҲǼ£
˵͵ײײˣпûд򿪣ԼšסˣһĿžҪӡ
Ȼһ˲䣬㿴Ľ
ʱĽһֻ֣Ȼţһ£Ҳģ
ƨѾԽˣ˵һܻ˷䡣
һ޴ĹĽعϽδŹܻطˡ辪ֵӣһʧˣɹˣ͸˵ˣԻʶɡ.


 79 

Ȼ豻ְּұ, ׵Ľ̵ӰǵҹİδҪˣֱ̱ڴϻ˯, һֱڶϾŵѡ
֮˻, źҵȥδˡ
, кúóĽŹǷҵδġ
δùһ, 򵥳ִʵĺ, ȷĺú, 㽫ӷŵһߣ𣿡
۰, ʮ˯ĽһǷ۽ǽ˵ᡣ
δѧϰú𣿡
Ľǳ˳飺İɰְ, µӣҲȰٶ
оľͺãȥĿıһ£һӡδ
Ľתȥ, 챳һʱڴˡ
裬콻ҵ类ѵ, ĽϽѡ
һ, ͻȻδĻ棬һº߳ŭҲ˵ߺߵĻطˡ
, е, 侲һ¾ͺˡĽڨڨ
δƽȥ
ҪȥɣĽܹȥס, ɫŵС, ʲô
δһ£Ҳ
ҲšĽЦŴܳһ֪ͨıѵҪû֣ΪʲôôǱ
Ľһ߻һ߲òʱδɫƽĺӣҴ򲻹
ĽͻȻ˵ô£
ĬĬԱŲŲδ߹ȥ跿䣬Ȼ˷š
ꡣ
ˣĽֿʼˣֻβٵȫϰְˣ˿ô졣
Ľʱ򣬷籧ͷһĿδҾͳƪûС
û˵ҵ¡δڣĴûҲûпӹ߶ʮֻ谵ܺõסĶ⡣
룬üͷʲô
ҧˣδ˵ǰһ
һæ˵ʱ߹˷ĴСŸߵʱһСľȥδ˳Ƶסϥǣ޿ӣŸȥ졣
ʶȴһַֻס˺󱳣ֻ޷ŴDD
ĲۣؼʱŵĲۣһ㶼ۣ
Ҳšδֻ֡
յԶ㣬Ҹ㿴
̫Զ˿δ
̫ĸоĺֻǺҲˣࣺ㿪ƣҸ㿴
δһ£ĶãֱһϽƿȥƣע£ǿź߽⿪һӣӸ
ķɫӳδĺ΢΢һβŵȻû£Ϊʲôô£
ҲŲ£ҡҾû뵽ô̬練̲֮סԹҲ̫ˣֻһ£ΪʲôҪҧأ
δһ£۵һ˿Ц⣬βſҧ㣿
Ȼأ粻
δ˵ˣֻǶҵĵƹ£͸ĺ챦ʯ˺Ѻӡ綢Ķ俴˰ΣʶʲôҲžִ
ΣδڴƳĬҪѧӦ
磺
δ룬ֲǰΪĽܶȻһ㣬û뵽ôų⣬Ժעģ´ξѭ򡭡
ҳȥ񻰵Ļһ߳ŭˣİ˳ȥȻһŹϷˡ
Ƴŵδ⧲ĽˣԭЦ۾
֣ˣĽΡΡʡ
δĬһ˲ĬĬҡҡͷ
Ľ΢ģֽŵʣ𣿡
ĽδƽĿ
ʱϰֶյĽһˣ˵Ҫ⡣ĽСĵʣôˣ
Ҹϵܺãмұ³ֹ֣ͣ޶˵Ĵ⡣δ
ĽڨڨһЦǡҵ𣿡
δĬˣ֮ŲôеĿڣˡ
ȴѾȵЩĽûע⵽Ĳԣֻ˿ǾͺǾͺãȥѧϰˡ
δӦһȥĸӶ׼ȥˡ
ڳͷ̫أĸٺ֣ʵʵѧһ죬ǿء
ĸصϢ󣬸жӵһ±˴ˣ˳ȥСԱ˸ɴСʱϷɳ˳տһֱʮŻؼҡ
¹ѸδһżңĬĬ֮ǰѧϰƻˣ»һ׸ħѧϰģʽ
ڶһѧУ󣬿ѧϰƻĸˡ
ʱֻЩᡣδ
⡢Ҳѧ갡Ľ
ҲŸͣ԰Ҳ̫ˣ֮ǰǿѾܲˣڸĳǲе̫ˣ
뿼Ի19죬͡δԾ˷һ¡
ĸʵںǵɣ
ԭѾ޵ѧϰƻϣټһĸһ춼ͷ⣬Ҳѧ꣬ƣٱ˼硯ӣĿʼ⡣
һûɣĽҪдݣüߡδıӰһ𣿡
ĽıӰͣһ£ɣڣһ¹¶ɣʱʵ̫ˡ
˵꣬Сͷһ뿪ˡδλĥ磬ĵʰöվʱѣҵûá
Ŷ
ҵһͬߡһ·ԣֻ߳ѧ¥ͻȻڣȥٳ߰ɡ
δһ£Ӧһ
ָı·ٳߣСʱͻȻһ·δ˹ȥ¹½Сˡ
ûʲôδȴܿƵĸߣȶ˽СͻȻסĲӣʹͷδȻȥ˶Сһ೤ǡ
ȵֿʱѾЩϢˣſϢ˻ѣѾŶķҿɲдˡ
δͷΪ˲дҵԲң
ȻǣᣬæϣΪϲ׵ġȻˣ˳£Ҿ͸ˡ
δ۵һ˿Ц⣺ҲȫȻĽ֪ˣҪġ
ҳһƪ̽
δ̫ˣƪɡ
ãɽԭȣѾ֮ˣ̴Ӧ
˶һۣԽĽȽ⡣
֮ħѧϰģʽڼδĲҲڼѧϰУֻɵ಻ԣͬĳ㶼ȥˣδ̸
ݡҶϴúѧϰ飬ڵѧϰ˵ʵ̫ˣδڿҲǹѧϰѭ򽥽Ӱġ
˵ʲôδƽ
Ĭһ˲̽ſڣһ㣿һͺãʵ̫ˡ
δѵýһ䣺ԭʹһѧʮ֣ѧʮңڲ˰ʮֵѧʮˡ
ãȻһ˲ǡ͵ԭļƻΪʲôҪ
δĬƬ̣ΪȤ
㣺.

         80 

 㲻ΪʲôȤ, δ˼, ǲϴѧϰˡѵϴӼ, Ҫһֱѹ϶ᷴġ˵ֲһ䣬үҲǡ

    ʱ˵δƽ

    ô˵, Ҳٶ˵ɰͰ͵Ťͷˡ

    ε̸ûδκθı, ֮ǰһѹĸӶˣȻױⲿַ, ÿѧϰȻС, ֻǸĽ, ΢ɵġ

    ǰչҵʱᳵ·İδС֣һ߰Ƶһ߱ԹǸоԼڴʲôдְҵ, ÿһ, һ⡣

    㻹Ҫˣδİ

    ͷ۾̫̾, ҺѾûоˡ

    δ

    ܵһ£, ûоһǻȥɡ

    δ

    簦̾Ťͷߣ߳ͱһ˻ȥ, ֱӱתϣűһԵǡ

    δƺı̼ˣ˿, ʹҲûзŹ˼֮ڰ׵ﲻˣδĶ

    ҹģ͸ָɿݵ֦ѾԱߣΪƬֶһǳĹ⡣żᷢҶ죬£ֻ

    ǳѾ΢ЩʧˣƿδʱԼĴ¿Ӳ֪ʲôʱ⿪ˣӵëҲ˳¶һСڰҪʱδֻ档

    յİ޶׾ףҶʲô

    ио𣿡δڵһ⣬Ȼʮ⡣

    ǳ˳飬ϱԼҧӡʣΪ

    С쵰δϢѾƽȣޱס

    һ£𾪣ң

    ´˵ͲֹˡδĿһۣԼԡ

    һ£ͻȻһΣСҪ˵ʲôʱδѾתȥˣϽϣȵֺõҾǿЦ㻹ôСòãôܶûоأϲϲòˡ

    硣δ

    Ͻվֱڣ

    

    Ŷ

    һ·Ȼʮְһֱ߽ţŹԹԳ֣

    δĿĴϣȰѽķд˯

    ѡһ仰Ͱնƻˣһۣһתˡ

    δԭվţֱıӰʧתᡣ

    صʱĽվδ۾һдֵļҳֽ֣Ѿˣ

    ѧϰ棬ֻƪģղδŵʱд꣬ѷŵԷϡ

    д˾ζŽԴϷˣĽȲİѷδ飬Ҫ˵סˣ֣ôˣ

    δһĵˡ

    ǰɣôôҧ˵أǸˣԽԽ˭һڡĽɵĿܾùֵֹġ

    δĬһ˲ǿиı仰⣺ֻƪдҲ̫ˣִʶŪ𣿡

    ȻˣĶ˾ͻ֣ᷢ󲿷ִʶһ˼ǰʱھͿˡĽȻתעˡ

    δ΢΢ɣ¼һķ󣬱ѼҳַֽԼϣˣϷһ°ɡ

    㻹ûءĽü

    δŤͷ̨ߣҪϴ첻ˡ

    Ҳ̫ˣͲѡ顯ֿˡĽܾﲻԣƫƫ˵

    ʱ̨Ŵһ罫ķ䣬ʶȥˣһ·ŵδר׼ĺҪϺʱע⵽ķҪĺ࣬ͻȻʶ˲ԡ

    ǵɵĻɣķӦñԼడΪʲôֻбʮţĽüͷ壬뵽ϰϵĺۼͻȻ

    һʲôɸ˵Ľף

    ʱδ̨ˣվԼǰһʣôˣ

    Ľ㶵Ťͷȥδ侲Ŀʱ˲ô£ֿסˡУʵĻϰֿ϶ϣҵ֤˵

    Ľ⼸춼һᣬżԼһ飬ҲᱻɴˣϰÿζҪԼʮӡĽ۾ƺ֪ʲô

    ʲôδޱĴһš

    ĽסЦĳ嶯ڷһͻԼˣӶץŮɵ£Ϸˡ

    δɨһۣüѵƸˡ

    ڶĽŬݼȡԼƽʱһһȻۣԼıֻģ˴ѧѧݵĿԡ

    ǶϲݣҪǲ˷츳ǣĽ͵͵Nɪͬĳ㼸εĵĿܾǱѧҵѹƷˡ

    ϴ󡭡û°ɣСʡ

    Ľһۣʲô£

    û¾ͺãû¾ͺáڨڨڡ

    Ľһְѳϰù֮㿪ʼ⡣ڵľͶ뵽ѧϰȥˡ

    ĵϰѧʱĽ˶ˣ㰴ռƻ𣺡Ҹ鳼һᣬ

    Ŷȥɡ糯ӻ֣Զüͷδûоֵֹģ

    Ͳѡֿ֡ˡδƽ

    ˼ǲû̫עϳˣ

    ҲɣϺġδ

    Ӧһûٶˣδһͬ߳˽ҡ֮ǰһ̵ߵ˲ٳûֱС֣˲ٳԱߵĳϣδߣڿһ˵ĲٳϳĬԼᡣ

    еˡðһ䡣

    δʳ

    ţһȥ˳С𴽽ǡ

    δĿеЦĿҲƬ̣̲ססҽѧϰ棬ֻ÷һƪֱ֮ȡ𣿡

    δס֣Լܡ

    磺

    Ŀò׼ֵˣҪķϡδֽ΢ҵͷá

    Ҳˡ

    áδӦһ

    ʱˣȻѧϰʤңΪҳĶס

    û˵꣬ͱˣЩĺһδֻһ±ֱˣۺЦĿڣ㡣

    㡭

    ꡣ

    δһ٣ͬʱ򷢳ķֻ¹Ľһ𾪵վ»˰ؿ֦ղŵƾ֦ġ

    㡢ǡĽˡ

    Ĭһ˲ҽ͡

    ãͣĽŭܵǰ

    磺ʱѵ˵ҲҲ𣿡

    ΪʲôĽòᣬ˵⵽ô£

    ̧ͷδֻδĿһԣһӡ

    磺ûеС

    δ̫ɣ͵صϣ˰춼û뵽ôƱ磬ֻε̾ԣûǸһҺ˲Ľס

    Ȼϸϸ˵һ顣

    ĽöҪĹˣۿŭôô

    ¶̫䡢ʵһˣ¸õʾһֱѡԼֵŮˣֻܱȳˡ

    ȻĽͣ˼أ̸ˣôûпǹҵĸܣ

    ЩΣǸҲ֪ҵΪ˺㣬֪Ļ

    ֺΪʲôңĽŭ

    类һգ

    һ¾ȥ󲿷ַΪʲôһǲһӪ𣿣ѵĽһӻ

    㶺󣬳ɵʣ㲻̸Ҳߺţֻߺŵʱû㣿

    ѵ֪֪ÿỹҪСʱģϷʱ䶼ûˣĽԽ˵ԽߣίöҪˡ

    Ҫʧˣæ˵ôŲˣ

    ĽüͷĬκյҲҪ׻ͷ

    ͼһֱװδ

    ãף̴ӦˣҰδǰơֻҪܰСںãʲôˡ

    δĿһۣҪ˵ͱʳĽ˵ˣΪֱӵ˳ԱߵĲƺϣĽҪס

    δɫһ䣺Ľң

    ͷϵĽȻǸҵģ˼£׵δӦòУ־Ҫƿ

    Ľû뵽ô󣬼ææ뽫أһӵĺסδ

    δĸһ꣬ʱ޿ķˡĽˣӵϵˣҲ˰

    Сδ

    Ľ۾㻹뱻ף

    δ

    ĽѧˣӦһˣһδ

    δĿʱɰͰЦһְ˲ˣϣɾˡ

    ˵תҪܣȴδ˻æģҴˣ

    δЦһ

    ô

    ˵أδʡ

    Ĭһ˲Ŀʼֱʮ£δŰſĬǰߡ

    ĸȥˣˣôСӣôˣ˵ˣҲѾ

    δһɨƶˣСϱһԱߵߵߵߣʾ֭ô˺á̫ûע⵽ߵģȷӦʱѾ˳С

    粻⡣

    δƤǶˣ

    㶣ͻȻЦûѽ

    δһߣֱӽ˳СЦеĸŽȥˣԼѡһʳͬʱ˸ĽЩ

    δĽǴߣյſڻûͳԿףĽѾڵĹˣְ֣

    δһۣޱİѴӶĽϽסݺţȻص˴Ƭԡ

    δڴ߳ʳһѣ˳ҵ

    ҶˣȻϰֶŸɶе㣬ؼЭ

    δüͷ΢Ǹֻ裬Ч

    ƾʲôƫģĽ

    δǡ

    ĽûӦɵſ졣

    δбһۣƫġ

    Ľ

    һƬĬ֮ĽĹĵĿڣҲܣ͵һͬʣҪҾͼ㡣

    Ч

    ҲҪףĽ˵ʾһ죬ﺬٶ˵һ䣬ھס

    δ

    ĽһƵУõļʳˡ

    δ֪Լɵӣִ裬ƥΪ˱ٳְǿ׵Ļ֣ڶһ磬ˡ

    ˣ·ŵʡ

    δޱĵ˵ͷ

    Ҫ簧

    ĽɵĿǣǲΪƭңϷҿɣ

    Ժķ顣δƽĿ

    ĽƬ̣ˣɵЩʧ䣺ôҲųһ壬Ͱ·أ

    δΪ˸ˣġ

    ӱ׵Ӱʵ̫أδİĿʼһͬʡĽߵķ֣Լһأû٣ĸ黹Σˡ

    ֪ʲô˲ڽ챣ʱɷ̲֮סĽˡ

    ʱĽѾӶӱӣΨΨŵŵĺ裺ҾԼûҪˮ˵ӦùҰ֣̫ݣŶһ涼

    һ鲻õĿǰѧϰϡ

    ĽֺõЦЦǱ͵͵̸ҶûҲˡ

    Ҫǲ̸㣿絹һҡ

    ĽˣúúҵĴ

    ˳ЩĬκ˾ģǲôȥˡ

    Ľ

    ȥδ̸УǵҪң׼֮ǰһһв͸ı𣿡۾

    Ľ̵ͷųһ˲̸ʲô

    ҧгݣҪܾѧϰԼиϰ

    Ľһ㶣Լϰ𣿡

    ȻԣƵĿĿһಹΣһûġᶨĿ

    ĽƬ̣˵÷ǳе

    лҪ˵õˣϻһ

 81 

ĸȷ˴˲ѱ, һϰʱ̯ơΪ£һ춼ֵֹֹģȪζˣĽ, ǲǡв
вĽŤͷһ, 鵽δ̰ͷŤ˻ȥ, һ䣬вϽΣ
ȪĿĺף˵۾Ŀأ
ңĽһĲδ, һ̲סȪ졣
ȪһӲù㡣
ҪáӡԼ, δɨһ, ֻһӡ
ʱȪĽĹϵ˲, Զ쳳ܣ⻹δһμǡȪͦͬ, һº̲סʣ˭
ҡδƽڡ
һӣȪǳһ£ò׼ڸԼЦ˵ġǰŵĽϰֵĻ, ĬĬһѺֻԽԽ޼ɵˡ
СѧĶҳϣҲˡ߻ָ徻, δһֱû˵, ָĶͷϡ
һôˣ
ﲻδʡ
ɿһûв
ǳܵʱ, ôûϽͣδ
ˣﵽǸʲô󣿡
δ˼һ˲Ψ²ң
磺лл, ôߡ˵͵ͷԾ, һúѧϰܾŵӡ
δһ£Ŀ˼Ĵƿ, ͣĽĺϡ
ֵֹһֱάֵϰʼǰһڳͺδҪؽʱĸסˡ
ҡлҪ˵˵껹͵͵һĽ
ĽϽͣԣлҪ˵
δĬĴƬ̣˵ɡ
ɣ˿վڳвԶ·ϣʱ䣬ĺܲ徻
δһӵʱ䡣
һĹ翹顣
ƨĽҲ£԰һӲ
δһʱ䣺50롣
ĸ
45δѡ
һٲ˵ûʱˣϽڵ˾쿪ʼиϰ׼ѧϰƻˣ
óһ仰ֺܽ꣬Ҫ˵Ķ˵ˣһ˲˵ͷû
δֻޱĿ˵һΡ
̫ҼǲסһԾѧϰģϸĩˣ㻹Ƕʱ临ϰɡװΪá
δƬ̣ſĽҲ룿
ҡġĽĬĬ󣬳һ
Ľûѱ䣬ɵһٿҲеˣóĿĿһպÿԻ֮ǰǺܶѧϰҾǿѧϰˡ
ԣв⣬ǾѽƵһûġĽһ䡣
δĬΣĿڣڣǴ췴𣿡
ĸ
ҿԴӦǡδõ
۾һҪ˵Ҫ֤Լѧϰ
ô֤Ͻʡ
δһܵʱϰܰпĿǰѧԪÿСﵽʮ֣ǳɹʧˣʵʵİѧϰƻߣ׼顣
žž઴̣δѧϰƻǽһҪѧ֮ԪģϰҪǶ֮һ˲٣Ϊǡ
˾úܺʣ̴Ӧˣãǿ϶ѧ꣡
ԣѧ꣡ĽԸ͡
δɨһۣɫƽߡĸԶˣżĻһơĽЩǣ裬ѧ𣿡
ѧϰƻϵҪٺܶ࣬϶ѧ꣬һ£ûġ
OKĽôģҲŷˣ鲻ĸߡ
˽ʱδѾˣֻλú̫ԡĽһ£ɵ߹ȥ֣ҵλðɣ
ǲҪһϰǻλãѧϰδƽ
Ľüǳ㡭
ʱһܡ
Ľһûк֮ˣЦ˵һллȲˡΥĻصԼλһǹȪ޷Ӱĺ飬Ҳϲ̵ģĸ·ʲôһ㡣
ȪɵĿһۣǼǲʲôϵļŴ
ƨ£
㻰࣡
ĸͬʱڣ˵鲻ԽĻһƣ޶ԷԼĬȪɨһۣԽԽв
ĸ˷꣬㿪ʼһĸԼѧϰƻˣһڿΰƵĶ꣬¿ʱ俪ʼԿα
ôһÿҲҪѧü
Ľͷԣ֮ǰɶˣǿ϶û⣡
൱ĵĿʼ˵һѧϰȻϰ֮ǰ֪ʶʱû⣬һѧ¿εʱ򣬾ͻȻˡ֮ǰδѿαȥ򣬽֪ʶһһкãϸעͣȻûֱҪӿαҳõ֪ʶ㣬Լȥ⡣
һͶ˺ܶಽ裬ʱ˷ѹȥʽʼʱʱΪɵѧϰҪͷѧϲҵǿϰǰݼѧһ飬Ȼʼ⡣
鷳DD
Ӣôãⶼ᣿鲻õʡ
Ľ޹Ŀһᰡֻǲ֪ô㽲
֮ǰ㲻ǽĺܺ𣿡
ΪĽһ£ѹҰϰֵķʽģҵûңô㽲
ˣҽƵ
ȱ𼱣ȰѧҽˡĽæŵǰ
翴飬üͷҼǵҺд˰ɡ
ΪдˣԲʵġĽε
ţҿһ£̫㣬һ߾һ߿ڣǲҪȻ㵥λĸš
ȷһٸҽ
˭磡裡
УʲôУܸܲҺúý
ĸͷͷߴߴᣬһԵļ鳼˼
ΣС⣺ϴүҲ̫˰ɣ˵趼̣
̵Ļù鳼ʡ
СһҲǣʱˣһ⣺ڰǲô񣿡
Ҳ֪鳼˵꣬һԱߵĹȪ٣֪ô𣿡
ҸšȪĿһۡ
鳼һҽм鳼˵ʲô𣿡
ȪһҲǣʱƽˣǽǵһۺɢĶԶ˵Ǻδѧϰƻϰ
ϰСһ˲ŸϽѹͣ˷ôϰ
ǵӣӦǻæȪҲ֪Ĳ࣬ЩȷĿڡ
Сǰû˵һſЦõһڶæ
鳼ܽ᣺һǷˡ
ĽȷʵҪˣ֮ǰֻϰȰδļƻУҪ࣬ȴûȫԼжѣȻˣЧȴ˺ܶ࣬Ƶһ̶ţÿñԭ۲˵Ȼûǰ졣
ϰֻ죬˾Ͱ಻סˡ
㽫ǵĿƿ̲סδˣҪ㻹Ǽǲΰɣڿۡ
ϲϰδû
ɰͰ͵ЦһӦòϲ˰ɣϸĩˣҲż˲С˹ô
ٵȵȡδ
棺ʲô
ҡδָһ۵һ˿˵á
㣺.


 82 

ĽϰͶ, һ϶ᱻЦӲİš
, ȥҲǰ취, ҪֱϰϴɡĽ
Ҳòȥɫ, ҪÿηôճԺʲôһµʱ, ϶ǵ¡
ǾôţĽ
˼룺һڶ, δ˵ô, һ֮ò, Ǹƽֵ80ͼѧϰƻߡ
һǷ80أĽɡ
Ҳ룺, ѧϰʽֱַѾģܿͲˡ
һһһǳ, ľӳѶȼСǿ80ô죿Ľ̾ϢһҪǵʱ⿼㣿
һ£Ҿ, , õġҪٹ⿼㣬ʱ, ˵ֱӰǵɵӿˡ
ĽĬĸ, ɵ̾
ҵ׼û, ⼸꣬Ƿϰ, ټװԸĻȥˡ
Ľôģ̲סҡˡ
Ϊ˱סϣһ֮ԼˣĲҲûй⿼ԾһûдﵽδҪ
ҿû⿼Ȼ˵ȥˡĽԼ˰亹һθпС
ûﵽǻعδˣĸһ֮ǰų⣬һڴĿδ
ǿ񡣡δڷ˷Ծ󣬵
ĸһۣʾ£ĽǿѹǣЩԸĿˣȻûﵽʮ֣˵ʺϰǻǰѧϰƻɡ
һܵϰǰ㶼뿿Լˣֻ뱧ϰֵĴȣѧֱӴɡ̸ŵ˵ͷ
ĸΪԼϴĸˣδø˲Ŷԣ϶Էֻ䵭ĿһۣÿһƶҲ˵ϰҲЧģһҪҵķ
һ㶣ӿһɲõԤУʲô˼
һ£ȻôԾǾͼϰɣҲʡÿοҶѹδһ
Ԥг棬סˣԱߵĽ̲סĿİͰ͵ʣ֡㲻ˣ
𣿡δʡ
ȻˣĽĿ磬ڶӵĿӲͷƤһʼ˵õʧ˾ͼѧϰƻߣϰûﵽҪ󣬵ȻҪ
Ҿòܱ̫δĻڵĽѾܲˣ֡
ʲôرҪǣĸİȴ˼˵֮ǰΪӼװԸδܣȴû뵽˼Ĳˣڶһﻢµ״̬
δֱ˾ôˣҲϢˣǿн£Ҫ鷳ҡ˵һӣֱȥĸ
ΣĽɵ۵ʣڸô죿
֪ĸӣôҲû뵽δô󷽵ĸǡɡ
Ľǳ˳飺ҪҪȥ
ǶඪҲľܾˣű˳˼ǽ쿪ʼͲѧϰˣǰεܲˣ͸ǲϰˡ
лͦ𣬡ĽԵĿӶأ
ӦòᡭɣҲЩò׼ˡ
ʵ֤ò׼£϶ᳯķߡĸص󣬷δǻ޶ԣ³׻ˡ
군군ˣĲˣ¿ô죿Ľ׻ˣ϶Ƿֲ֮رɣ֪ǲúѧϰΪ˲ǲҲװû
Ҳû˰취üĿҪǸǣϰ̫ˣ
ӣ治ˣǸҲûʲôáĽĵơ
̾ûɵλϡȥһȦͬһºʣôˣ
翴һۣ޿İ˵һ飬֮˵ͷοǵģ᲻÷ǵģֻڵȶѡ
ʲôĽʡ
һ棺
ĸ
Ĭκɵʣô֪
ǰ˵ڻش
ĸ֪ȥ͵أ
͸¶Ϣĸ鶼Щӣͬʱַĵĸо
ֻҪĻӦûǰɣĽȷʡ
̾Ȼô˵ˣӦòƭ˵ġֻϧĸΪһǿôã뵽ͼʲôأ
֪Ͳˡ
ϻ·ϣĸסδͳ׼ĵǸſԿĶδһƽĵֻ꣬һ⣺֪ˣ
֪ˡ
֪ˡ
δĴǸһ㻡ȣֺܿƽȥò÷
÷÷ǲ֪ôʶģҪôԡæ
ĽҲŸͣԶԶԣôУǱǣϰ̫ˡ
ôУδվ·£ϸĹڵ۾˲²Ҫúˡ
ĸԤٴγˣ
֮˸δţʲôˣһӵѧϰ񣬸͸ŭԣʵʵĵ˼ӣδŷŹǣ֮ǰļƻǲϰ
һ⣬ĽᵽиѧԹĴǼˣƽʱδʱ˲٣δѵù˼ӡ
һ˳ֵʱĩڽУΪ˷ֹ֮ǰһ⣬ؿǰ죬δûĸݿԼֽ𣬲Ҳ׼ٳʳĽҲٹؼʱ̵ˣǹԹһͶʳý
ڸ־ĵ׼£ĩڶΪǱѧڵһοԣҿԺҪмҳᣬοֳУһѧڶӢۣ㿪ʼľڵ翪ҳʱҪ֤ɼ
ܵ˵ʦأѧΪһֻſԣƽʱɵ㣬󿼵ǰмҳѹȣ˭Ҳķɡ
ǰſԽʦǶȥľˣȫѧڰϰ磬ĽɫҲ̫ãʱһֱѧѾѸһȫѧˣΪοԶٻõ㣬Ǻܶⶼᡣ
ƳɼҲˡ
Щɥſϲδ󰲾̫һºͷŬ͹ˡ
֪ûɵӦһһ뵽ôŬã΢еĶѡ
δĬĿƬ̣ĿԱߵĹȪϡ
Ȫһ£ĪʣҸʲô
ʱһλáδƽ
Ȫ۾ƾʲ
û˵꣬δѾǰվˣޱʮѹȸСȪǳ˳飬޿ȥǰˡ
δȪ˵ʱѾ֪ҪʲôˣĽλã͸ȪλðˡδԸߣĬĬǣס֡
黺Щ㲻ܹġ
ֻˡδ
ĵĿһۣûסЦΪɼĲ챻һɨաδС˵Żü۶ˣδ΢΢ɣ˵Ҳ
˺гʱһ˽ιǲʲô
δһ٣𱻶ǽǵĶӡ
ҲΪûأܲܶҺõ㣿ĽƵʡ
δ˼һ룺á
ΪʲôĽ
δҪѧǿ
ĽͲѧ
ƺ뷨δ൱ңüǿ
ĽͲ飬ڹûõһѹ
ƵҪըӣûסЦ͵͵ӶͳǸδ⼸첻׼ǳʳǵҲˣΣѲµġ
Ľõǣʱˡ
ȻĸĩٶЩѹһ۽˻ǺܿڼżٵĿˣ²źҪôżˣ˭Ҳûٿ飬ﶼֺġ
ǵڶļҳᣬһԽ֮͸÷żˣ԰תһȦֻǽС뿪ˣûҪѵ˭˼
СӵҲ뵽ĸ̸Уĵеʱ򣬳ͻȻ棺ҳᣬ׼˭
Ҫδ˵ģϾദôãҲ֪ͬĸͬĸ츸֮Ĺϵһʱɻǻ˭ǽаĻǺΣ
˵Ҳ̿ˣδĬһ˲Һ첻μӼҳᡣ
С˵㣬Щˡ˵ϴǣ˽ݣҪǣ˵ĶԹ²ôװϵģҪҳˣϴĳ϶ҲͲˡ
ôһ룬ڳ˶δ綼Щͬ飬˵Ҳ֮ǰˡδɨһۣ֪ΪʲôڣûдĽɵûԾܿһ⣬ŻָȻ
Уڶ죬ϰÿʱһֱȡˣԳֱӻᡣ
粻ôһţģһδһ͵͵ܽᡣ
һ£ǴϷĽ˵žʹҴȥϴּ䡣
һ˲δǰǲе̫Ҫˣ
ǰҪ𣿡δʡ
һҲǣʱˡ
δһۣҳҪСʱŽĵĻҡ
ܾ̾
δһ£Ϊʲô
бһۣ˵ڸ棬ΪﻹһĽҳʱ䣬˵Ľˣ¥Ҳûˣһܹ뻢ʲô
δ۵һ˿Ц⣺ң
԰൱̹Ҫ˵ʲôʱĽֻˣֱ˹ʾϡšֺ󣬶ʱһ¡
δ˳Ŀ⿴ȥҲųĬˡ
裿Сʡ
δӦһ
綨Ŀֻ۾ͻȻͷˡСڰ߳󣬾סУˣҲȡһܸηûзֿǵһô뿪ĸڿ磬ȴҽӵ绰˵ѹ
δĺ󱳣һ鵭Խһ⣬Ҳ˸ĸŮ֮ĸ飬״˿̵粻Ҫ˵ʲôοĻֻҪߡ
˳ĬʱĽϴּˣ˵ıһ£ǳˣ
ûֻˡҵİֻϲ˵ˡ
ĽֵĿһֻۣ󿴵磬һºֻȥ绰ˡ
Դ֪ǴԽĺҲһЩΣδѣ֪Խ֪ЩԽáΪ˽Լжʱȥ˼ʱ͵͵ȥģƽʱӵ绰ҲӲŰӣְֶһжĬͬġ
ĽȥһƬĬЩζ˫۷ֱĶŵ棬Ҳ֪ʲô
Ľܿͻˣһű㿪ڵ裬Ϸ𣿡ֲֻղŴ绰¡
һ£Ŀ˵ʲôˣ
Ҳûʲô˵ҪҿҳᣬĽЦһίʮ磬˵仰ʱһĸоɵý͵Ҷ˵˲ģҪ˵Ϊ˸үүλᣬ㶯ִû취ֻýˡ
⻰ǽͣһҫЩʣͦ˲Ŷôϲ㡣
аɣҪĺáĽС
һ㣬뵽ղűԼ绰ӣǲ̫ģӵ绰ΪʲôҪ͵͵ģҲ
ǲƲס˵ôĽڨڨһЦ
ʱˣҲ˵𣿡
úúޣھ͸绰ǧޡĽæ
δĽַͷϣޣĽھʹ򡣡
ԣھʹ򡣡Ľ˵̵꣬沦ͨ˵绰ʶȤİᡣ
ֻʾʱ˲Ͽˣ۾ֻֻֻͽͨˣʮԹԣ𣿡
ûѽţĽ緺Ŀ⣬൱ѹĿڣ촩ʲô·Ǵһģб˶Ľô
ԹԻܵǻļƬҷĽȺϼһ
ĽɰͰ͵Цһ˵˼仰Ǳ߾ʹк˵ٶҲ˵˹ԹԣҪ齫ˡ
ţټĽϽѵ绰ҶϣһͿ۾ˣôˣ
һĵᶼˡ
Ľǳ˳飬ֻüŴ绰ɻ󿪿ڣô˹Թԣ
û£ˣ廹ðɣĽӲͷƤ
Цһֱͦõģֲǲ֪ùûµġ
ŶĽ޻˵ˣ绹缢ƿʵĶֻһ޲ȥӵ绰ӣֻܼûһ
Ǳ齫Ѿ˵ҲЩĲˣĽ˵ĶЩϻľͱĥˡ
Ľûһţҵȷźȥʲôϲġ
ĽŴǲǷʰˣ
ĽղŻ˵СԹԣھֱӺˣ
ٶ˵һϻھȥѧУᡭ
Żû˵꣬ۼֿİ˹ҵĽδͬʱֻһֵĿڣ˵ģҿҹҶϼʱ
ղŲһ˵ı.


 83 

, Aһҹѩڲ֪н˼ȡΪУһ죬Ǹտ, ѧУճ, ѧʰ翪ҳ, ֱ뿪
˯ŵѣ˻Ƶ, ȥ̨ϴʱ, ͷķ͸촵, ɵôһ, ۾棬ŷѾװع, ѩˡ
۾һ̵ʱϴתܻĽ绰ϼ鳼ǣһȥѩ̰
а, ҵʰأ̫ҪؼҵˡĽĿڡ
粻㼱ʲôʰҲһ
, 绹øŲμӼҳ, ʱ䰡Ľؾ
мҳ£ʱЩģŶ, 趼ҿҳ, ȴҪ㿪
Ľһ, ֪ëַˣε̾ʰ, ߣȥѩ̣㴩㰡
ϣֿˣϽһ߸ߵβ޷ȫװȥˡ
ŵٶȻ죬ȴ첻ȺСѧǣ¥ʱĽѾڵˣ˾ȵǲȪˣδҲڡ
үϺáԹԵĴкһĹ򣬱ǼѾˡ
ʧЦҲ棿
ҺģСҡһ֪˵ʲô
бһۣĿδϣҲμӣ
СѧϷδƽһ䣬㵽һվȥˡ
֪μӣҲûȰӵһѩֱ˹ȪϡȪ㶣̷ȥһսʹ˿ʼĽȻҪ죬ǺȪкȴСĴӸ鳼
¶˲ˣֱѱ䵽Ȫһȥˣ״ϽĽ˵ӪʽʼšʱʱһϽЦҲѵúŵĴЦ
Ǽ̫иȾⳡս˼룬ֱӳѧĿ񻶣δվڽ䣬Ľѩұˣ߱ң۵׵Ц⼸ûɢȥһξСѧϷ
Ц콩ˣһ̧ͷͶδЦ۾Ÿѩ˹ȥδһ£һĳ˾˹ʶİ˱ס
Ӵ𣡡
֪˭һΧͻȻ粻˼İûڵССҸղŲС̫˷ˣôô졭
̫ˣӳ𣿾Ȼô˵δҪ
ˣδʡ
ûϻ
۾
һ£Ҫ
ܡ
δ˵꣬־ܣ˷ӦĳǶѩѩǣ֣Цųȥ
ĽĿʧıӰʱѩҲˡ
ϴ󣬽ڰСһͬ飬ͬĸĸͬĸ츸̸ʲôģֱҪ̫ҡ
ĽǿźһۣҺúõģʲô
Ȫ̲סЦһĽʱˣһѩգȥȪĳҲʼСӺͼ鳼¼սֻгһʧ˻һ㷢ʲôʱһģ
δܳԶͣ£һЦ棬һ̲סԹҸղʱôܾѽ
ܾˡϺδ۾ȴů紺
ղЩ˵壬ֺ˺죺ںˣȫ綼֪ǽˡ
ͦãٲҸδȻ¡
εĿ̲סЦ
أ
εϽȥȻĸЦǡأĴŵֽٿ˾ܵˣ̸飬ǵſء
ϹЦһҲûƽϣȻˣ͹æ
ʦϽǰæδһ˹ȥͰһˣֻû°˵ݸ֮ģúһʱ俴һλá
ûÿˣʱѾˣδǵһйԼְɡ
β˼粻˼ЦЦĿʼԼˣֻǴһʼҡ
ǵϢ۴Ц˵һ䣬Ҳʼ濴ˡ
δĴǰſʼң˾ʹ˰ԽԽţҵ߰ٶλʱԿ࣬ҵٶλʱָҪˣ˰󾪺һ
ô

δͰͬʱڣ۾Ŀǣҵˣ623ϴֽһٶ
濪ˣΪοأûҵ
ûء
˵꣬δ͵ˣҵˡ
κ̿δŤͷ磬۵͸һ˿Ц⣺Ľ417485
𾪵۾λһδۺЦİ˱סˡ
ιᣬ˰һۣװʲôûˡ
˷ܾˣֿʼˣ군ˣͬѧ֪£Ҳ֪ˡ
ˣδʡ
룬Цˣ¡
δͷֺ˵˻ֱǰԽԽ࣬˲ȥĽɼ¡
ĽԼĳɼʱֱ˷ܻˣûȵҳᣬ͵͵Ŵ˵绰ϲŽһ䡣
µһȥӭ˼ҳᣬٴ͵ﵽȥδ̨ĲɵǱߴ졣
ȥδʡ
򴽣γʵش𣺡ȥ20賤ʲôӣе㺦¡ôˣӦò̫ɣ
δοĸļ򣺡ȥ֪ˡ
𣿡Щ
δ΢΢ףĽ취ãڽ￴
Ķˣδȥ棬ڽһŵĵšδ͸Ľ˶ţ˵˺һ顣
Ľܰ˴𣿡һš
δ˵װֻˣźһңӦûġ
䣬Ľ߳ˣʱĿⲻϣĽɫĵ˵ͷ̫̫һŵ͵⸽ˡ
ȷ𣿹Թ̫Сˡ̫̫޽΢ףżǲ˵ĳĽһ䡣
ĽţȰҰɣȱҡ
ˣңʵҲһ¡̫̫ñЩҲøƽˡ
δڽ￴ʶԱߵСЩ̫ˣһ¿ȥֻĵᡣ
ʶδڿԼһ±ӣССʵͷˣ߸оҲˣǰô׳ôСģһ̫̫𣿡
֮ǰ绰̫ͣ˿̿üۼƣͻȻʶˡļʮֵ׳꣬߸ЬûСѲĴ趼ʲôʱһСģͱһ̫̫أ
ǻϵģ˥ϲǿµ£ǻص201920ʱ̡δο
ҡҡͷһҲϲ˥ϣҲϲҺð뿪ҡ
ûʲôֱ˥ϸ־壬δͻȻڴ20ˡ֪ΰοʱ̫̫ͳֻ²һ룬ĽĿڴֻ
һڣ
̫̫Ĭһ˲ŭĽĺ󱳣ΪֱۣѵһֻѩѥĽ֨ҽС
磺ǡ۷粻갡.

        84 

ĽűһΪͷ, ʽˡ

    aǵĶ, շżٵʱ, ĽԼڴĳڴɵַżٺҪÿ찴αѧϰʱʱ;ˡ

    , ѵúϢ𣿡Ľʡ

    δɨһۣѧʱѧһϢ

    Ľ̷

    δĬһ˲ҲҪѧ

    Ľ

    δƬ, ĽȷԼĶ֣̱к裡

    Ҿ͸˵, ϶õ, ŹǷ, ޿ĿĽһۣ㻹Ҫ̸С

    ȷ˵ʲô𣿡Ľһǲġ

    һ, ֱδ㲻˵, ú˾ʹȥѩ𣿻ȥȪţ

    Ľ۾һ԰֣˵Ҫǽģ˵㻰

    δ˼Ƭ̣˵㻰

    ĸʱһ, һһĸ첲, ʼе¡ĽҪȥ⻬ѩԴΪһƱˣ˰, εص㶨˸ʡС

    ȥǷǳĵˣټϲúúѧϰ˫֡ĸǳֵʱ, δ̲˵һ䣺Ҫ̫á

    ĸ

    ˲̫ʲô˼ȵȪƵ֮󣬿ͳѧϰϣʱɵסˡ

    ȥ֮ǰԾɡδƽ

    ĸ

    ϵĸоһʣ滹ѧϰ

    ͻδ

    Ľһۣһ˽Ҹ˼

    ûaǣԹͰǶδв

    һв޷ĵĸֻЭˣ¿ʼ⣬ȰԾдʱѾһСʱˡ

    δû̼飬ǽ˵Ծŵһԣȥɡ

    ǳԲǴĸֿˣδѩܣһصƵ꣬۵ָͷ̧ˡ

    ְʱѧϰһҪȥḺ̌شߣƤöһ¡

    ҲǹǺǲѣǶ¥ˤģ¥вĻǵ̨ȥ

    ˣۣҲ¥ݡĽ˲뷨

    һſɳϽûˡĽƤصĿش⣬εһ䣺ѩˡ

    δʱ򣬾ͿСһ˲ţһһ˯óʶķ˶ߵм䡣Ƶůú㣬˻ðֻǾ˯̫

    ĬƬ̺΢Ųһ£ŲһĽֻˡδ³ǣֻ̰˹ǳĵ绰һ£뵽ͨˣδ

    ϴֻô档

    δ˯ˣ£

    ˵꣬Щ˼ЦЦʵҲûʲô£ǣҰֶҵĳɼ⣬˵¸ѧֽܱĻҼڳе¡

    ҳʱ򣬳¸ǹæʱûȥѧУҲǽпһģȷԼתѧ󣬳һʱǡ

    ¡δü滺

    죺лл㰡Ҳллүϴ󣬶ǣҲϣϴѧĺܸл

    лԼûзδ˵ʱԾĴ˵㳤

    Ҳûʲôԣֵ˼лŹҶϵ绰

    δһվƬ̣תط䡣ĸ˯㰲Ծ

    ǽϵķתһȦһȦϵںһ˼δ£סĳڵС֡

    β۾˯ʵĿǰˣøʱɤСδ

    ڡδ

    һ±ӣһûѵСģҲдԾ

    δһ£Ķͷԣ

    ۾ߺ󣺡дԾҾʲôġ

    ʲôҵģδû첲ͷϣ˶

    ϲ֪з΢죬ȴһţġ

    Ǳʺ͹ʽɡδһûиļҽ̻

    磺

    ԽԽˣڻװΣδޱס𣿡

    δҺ㡣۾Ļа˯⡣

    δ۵һ˿Ц⣺ɣȥԺóԵġ

    ǻ̱óԵġֽˣǵߵߵĴӴһߴЬһʣҲɳŲģ

    šδӦһ

    Ҫ˵ĽһĺǴЬܳȥˣֻĽڵϣֻ϶̺ӡ

    ֣裬ĽŹǷһۣüƺһذӲѵһۣ˯ɳǲҲܲ

    ԰ǳĸδһۣǲҪѲпˡ

    ûĵĸĸɵӻ壬һȥԷˣ극ٲһٲϰĽȻſˣǱδĵãԹԵһ߳Ʒһѧϰȸظݵʱֱӵ¾˯

    һڸʡ죬ȻصʱȴһֺöûĸоҪĽաڣҲһˡ

    ڴǰһܿʼĽͲϽӵүү̺⹫ŵĵ绰˫ҪԼǱ߹꣬Ϊѡÿοӵ绰̲סĽСŶȫµ˶ˡ

    ִͱ˰ɣĸСҾǸƷĽͷ󣬡ڸϽ룬ôӦǰ

    ƽʱôģ档

    Ľʼ磺ȻǸһ𰡣Сʱ򵹻ȥ߹꣬ʱ˾öˣһ㶼ǳһʱȥǰ꣬ⲻȥûôǲһֱңڲȥıߣһ߶ġ

    Ҫȥأʡ

    Ľ룬һڻûүүɡ

    һ£΢΢죺ôܼүү

    ҲǣȻͲô˵ˣүү͵߶Ұ֣ܸ㽲֣Ľ£ʲôҲ֪ģ߶ȥǲҪүү߶ҪѩѥĶ򡭡

    㲻˵ˣˣһ»棬̲סһͬ飬㻹ְɡ

    Ľ̾ϢһҲûбİ취ˣǿɥȥϰˡ

    ΪʲôǶмδʡ

    Ľһ£Ƕڣôа

    ɳǸңδ

    Ľ룬Ȼ֣͸˵Ҫ˭ͬ⣬ǾǲңΪѣһ£ÿˡ

    õⱻδһ仰ˣĽƨƨߵȥϷˡЩʣ֮ǰ˵үү̸ֹϵǺܺãΪʲôô㣿

    ˭᲻ϲҰĽʡ

    Ҳôš

    ǣûĸ˶ˣĽٺһЦ֪㵣ʲôǸְֹϵãԸϵĲݺͳȱͨµģûЩϰϱϵûġ

    ˣûЩбһۡϱϵʲôģûϾоЩԼ൱ңԶʵҲңԶˣϾӶôˡ

    ֺ˺죬ĬĬת˻⡣

    Ϊ˲ԼһֱûסĽǰͻȥˣȥ֮ͣˮͣ磬ƵİѹصתƵżңүүԼһȥȻүү̲̫ţĽŵȹٵǼҲ߸˵ĴӦˡ

    Ľȥֻ꣬ʣδˣʱ˲١

    ùˣҲɡһ죬ֻ

    δ룺ʲô

    Ⱑ˰֮ģǼûˣͲöˣʲôʱֱȥˣʳʲôļҲУûʲô˼Ҳ֪Ҫʲô죬޹Ŀ

    δ۵һ˿Ц⣺Ǿ㡣

    ã߰ɡ˵Ű˴ú֮ˡ

    ζʮУ˵ҪǣţŲᱻ˳ɢ˸СƳδţɵøпû뵽2042ˣһôϲ䳬С

    ϲ𣿡δʡ

    翪ĵĵ˵ͷϲġ

    δЩǾͺá

    ˹˻һЩʳҪԵĲˣ벻ʲôҪˣҪ뿪

    ߵƷʱ˺ܶ࣬һղźưյ̫ˡ

    ںõ𣿡δһʣһ߰޷

    ʱ˳ࣺöˣûʲôҪǾͻȥɡ

    δɨһԱߣ˶ٵһ¡

    翴мߣĸ˹ȥֽõġû˵꣬Ϳһһо

    ԭȵͨ˿̸ˣأ

    Ʒûˣˣżɣδ˵ͣƬ̣ûùЩֻܿ۸жϣиҪ֮ǰùļƷƻ𣿲Ļͻԡ

    ЩҪĻԼˣߵط죬Ͻߡ

    δüںߣʲôɺߵģ

    죡һξյķ֣㲻ʲô

    Զڱ¶ĵδ

    ֲûûţЩҿԼ򣡡Ժ㲻׼ٰˣ

    δŶ

    һԸʲô˼

    δĬһ˲ֻһ㡣

    촽˶˰ѵҲʲôģ㻹ǹĹұİɡ

    δ˼ãͷӦˣˣԺѧϰ

    磺ллŶǼڰɡ

    ʱһЦ˹Ǻã𣿡

    ʶӦһӦεЦЦǣ·

    Ӵߣ֪ģǵһ򣿡һԡ

    ɻĿһۣ˵ʲôδĶˣ˵ҲЩˣֻ·

    ˣʶȤĺˣѣʵںߵĻµģǳֱͣǵһʹõĻһƼͨģ̫׷ᱡĿʽУƷȫġ

    ãȻĿܣȻһ··һ㡪

    ôδƷģ


 85 

ôӳ, Ѿˣֻ֪Լѩ˰죬ϵȶȲȥ
Ľ, ˼򵥳˵㶫Żؼ, һδ͸һѧӣεĽûѧϰ, ΪʲôҪѧϰ
ʮֵļӷ𣿡δʡ
ƲƲ죬Ľӹ, ֱڿ輸ǰĵ, ſﲻ鲻Ը⡣δɨһ, ĵɳ¡
, ̲סһۣһֱֻ, ɵЩ棺ʲôأ
㿴δ
һ£С˵ˢ罻վѽ
δһ£רĵ㡣
Ҿһ䣬ŷĶ΢΢ˣһºʱ, û͵˹ȥ
δʶסյֻЦԶˣҿ͵͵оʲ
˵һ, ֻҳϵĶ, ͻȻסˡ
δŶֻѵ˵Щͣҡû˼, ᡣ
Ŀ, ըëû˼ΪʲôҪЩֻҳϵ, ٲȻǸղǼҳеļƷҳ棬˿Ѿѡʮ, ׼
綼ˣعϽס·ΪӲڼңͿΪΪǲóѵģ
ûáδ򴽡
ץסص㣺ʲôʱã
ȥ֮󣬡δ˵һ£΢΢ִٵĽͣ2042ǸѾȥ20꣬ⷽļӦҲĽ࣬ŻʱʹøиãΪ˳õĴ㣬һЩȥ
סҪ˵ʲôֹ
δ΢ɣ̫֡
磺ѾˣллŶ
˹ĳĬ֮δ⣬Ҳˡ
ģ绳ɡ
δţˡ
ͲˣһίǸ˭ġһ±ӣĪεĸо
ձ֮ǰ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôƵĻص輸ǰʼ⣬ȰԾдʱѾһСʱˡδİоȻ뽲Ļڡ
һһѧʦһ㣬Ȱһžӽ꣬Ѿ׺ˡ
δһʱ䣬Ұɡ
Ŷ
˼̵ĶԻԣԼķȥ翪źͣһ£ɵĿԱ׼ݵδҪɡ
δһ£ƽĿ
һʵҪĻǾɡڲ׼ã
ãٳ㡣δ۵׷Ц⡣
类Ҫˣһӻ˷䡣ƷµΪֹ֮ûֻҳ췭ȥ
ʱ˵Ķߣÿѧϰûиڣֱĳϱ̻ըžǳϦ
ԽҲǴʮ紩ģûܹһ꣬û뵽ڰһӭꡣڴ̨Ͽ˰̻ͻȻ³ܳ䣬δȥˡ
ֻ˼δͿˣü̻̫𣿡
δ֣ЦĿڡ
δҲǣ֡
糯˫֣ѹǮأ
δһ¡
û׼𣿡װʧӡʵ֮ͬ˵ѹǮģҲţɴҸͷ۸
δǣ߽ȥ룺ѹǮǳһ𣿡
ϦͿԸˣԴòڲŸҰɣҲҪˡ
׼ˡδ˵ţӳͳոµĴʵʵģһͺʵڡ
û뵽׼ˣֵˣʲôʱģ
ǰ죬δһһֱӰ˱ȻҪǮʱҪҲúûʲô壬Ȼ˼СУҲҪС
ģʧЦС𣿡
ţԶСѡδ΢΢ɿһĿ
Ƭ̣ҪݽɫСǰܾ˫۾ɿöˣŷᡣ
Ѥ̻ţδվСС۾ֻݵ±˴ˡһƬĬУż⣬۾Ҳˡ֪Ҫʲôδᶯ˶ļ
ڴ봽һ˲䣬ͻȻһҵһæƿδδõĿ棬Ľȥˡ
ְ֣Ľ·ΧһɫΧʮ־
δޱ飺ôˣ
͵͵ģ⳵¥µأǰݸꡣĽЦģ¶һݡ
ܳ󣬾ͿɵӾȵӣЦλô𣿲Ͱðװˣ
ûаɣĽֱ˱ˣ϶Ϊ̫ˣҲڼңǲǺİ
Ҫ˵δ͵ûС
磺
Ľ
δûʲôµĻ߰ɣˡ˵൱ɥĵİŹˡ
վĽֻһС紵Լһα¿Сײˡ
վص綼ˣʲô
ûȥˡδ
ۣޣǶ磡
֪ʣδȫԼˡ
类ҭһ£ûק죬Ĵݺݵһ£ţ
δ˵㣬Ű´򿪡Ľվţſ̲ΡΡָ𣺡̫ˣרǰ꣬ôܡ
δѻ˵꣬ͰѺ˳
Ľ۾һ̽ӹллְлл裬ΰĸĸÿ찮ǰ˰ٱ飬ûµĻҾˣǶ硣˵źϲ̵ˡ
ııӰһҲ̶ãδĶӡ
һ֪ġδĴһ㻡ȡ
һۣҲҿңȻ岻ˡ
δͳЦһŹˣһͷ緢۾һ£ôˣ
ȻҲܶЦˣÿοǻᱻ𵽡۾ͲðСˡ
δɨһۣһ첻ÿأ
ڹǣǳʮ꣬ҲǺÿġ̵
δȴʣһÿأ統ΪʲôϲʱǣһƤ˵ѲܰԼá
籾ֻǿѣû뵽˿üͷգƺҲ㿪ЦˣһһÿͲÿ£Ҿϲ㣬˳ˣҲϲ˭ҵСء
˵Ҫһ㣬ǲˡ
δĶֿʼˣʲô
ССС
һû˵꣬촽ͱסˣһ˲ηɣϰԵ§סļСѸղŵ׻ܵһӡ
ϦҹڿĵذϿ̻һֱ賿ɢȥŸظݡʱϰԵֻĽĶš
ǺüһƬ滹һ䣺ҷˣһðְҲ㷢һ
ЦĻظЩǼﳤģ
ĽȻҲˣյϢأ԰үү⹫ţһ˸һǵģһ
ЩǸ׼ˣòã
Ľãְָǧأ֮ǰҲ͸ô࣬һ֪Ҳ׼ˡ
ôһ˵ù˵㣬ͬʱЩԼյ˶٣ҳʼǮʱĽַϢҸղѰְָ㷢˵Ѿˣ㷢˶ٰ
翴ֽĪЩ飺Ҳû١Ĳࡣ
Ľظ̫ˣѾʹְˣ˵ҵһ
ǳ˳飬ĬĬԼ6666װ͵͵ҲĽ֪
ɵ˻죬2042һ˯ˣʱѾ߽2043
Ľ⹫żҹ꣬ȥүү̼ס˼죬Żصߡ⼸ûдҵûѧϰٲȻѾˣһصҾͱδһ⣬ݺݵĴĥһͨ
֮󣬾2043ĸ߿ֻʣ°ʱˣ˵δƵýĽԼҲо˽ǣ»УҲÿ찴ʱ𴲱⣬类ȾҲڿ첻٣ڼڵһʱ䣬ֽγ̸Ͻ˲٣һƬʵӭ˿ѧ
ΪѧһѧζŽ뵹ʱˣ꼶Ľҵƿʼѧ¥ȵĵҲٰʱϨ𣬿ƵʿʼÿοԺ󶼽д
ַΧ£ʦҳʲô˵Ͱ༶գҲ޷ɣڿ˰ʦոǽһСļ鳼СӣҲʼӿƵʣÿˣֻǸĽ˵״̬ǲԶ˵㡣
ҿдԱȣȻҵýǳʲôСӸп
鳼ͷͣ԰ҿиϽģҵĺܵ㡣
ҰҸһʱ򣬾Ͱϵ˹ѧУǸұʲôȪʡ
鳼СһǵԽжʱʧˡ
ȥˣôϴúѧϰģܲҲһ£鳼̲סѰδİ
δ˼Ƭ̣ʲô
ȻǸϴǵֵ顣鳼Ҳ
С֣̾顣
ȷȿѧǻֵ𣿡δʡ
ͷĻ̌ͷȻֵܣһܿǰ
԰԰ϴˡ鳼̵
޹ص£˵һߵλöǹ̶ģѧ壬ͬķ򣬾ͻٲͬδ˵ͣһ£˵ãͳɳ켣ʼͬһ㣬ζǻᾭ£ͬˣЩ˶Ϊ켣غϲʶģʱ־ͬϵˣֻͬӵилѣĸҪ˵
˵꿴͵ˣƽжϣʱ򲻽ĽǣҲ
ǡǸô죿Сʡ
δóɳ켣ǲǹͬӵилѣ־ͬϵˡ
ǺúѧϰҲܱ֤ͬһѧɣСӳɡ
δǶŬˣ˹ͬ²ͬһѧУҲȻ־ͬϡ
Ѿͦɵˣ鳼˺þú󱯷ߵУ˭ҵλã
ԣҪúѧϰҪһֱϴ󣡡СԹͻȻץסѧϰݡ
ĽҲӣͣвļǵңڳɼǺһ㡣
ţ
СӺͼ鳼ھ߿һʱΣУԱߵĹȪһһ㶵ģܾﲻԣȴ˵ĬĬ˿αѧϰһ¡
δ˵ⷬʱûڰȻͷ˼ѪһúѧϰʱղŷʲôĽ㽫ղŵĶԻظһ顣
Ƭ̣δĵóǲŬѵĽۣ
Һġδ
ǳ˳飺ΪʲôҪࡣ
ûʲôƭȺСѧúѧϰѡδǳ̹û˿θС.


 86 

Ȼ粻̫ϿδĴ.ʽ, ò϶Сӵ˵ǷǳõģٲҪֿΣк, ѧϰ̬ȱ֮ǰ˺ܶࡣ
֪ǲ, ʱϰѧڣ°ѧں൱, ûʲôһ͹ȥˡΪĸ߿, ĽǰδеĽȸ, ÿһ׿, ͻһʶԼAĲࡣ
ɥǻе, żʧߣÿʱ, ȫ֧֣ܻƽȹʱڡ֪ѹж󣬱һֱĬĬѧϰΪһѧʱѧ, ΪһĸףʱԼڶӵĹؼʱɥı֡
AǵĶܶ, 㿪ʼů, ĳ˵һС꣬Ϸһ֦ѿ, ˡ
洺, ǳе¸ÿ궼е˶ᡣ
˶ڼ, ѧУͣ״̬ǿԹϿεӡǰ, ĽַˣȻ˿ȴѧУٳϵ̫죬̫ѧϰǷǣ˶Ŀ࣬ÿ༶ҪĿһ飬Ǽӭ߿ĸҲ⡣
ѧУ˶ӣһҪ֪𣿡ڽ̨ϿԱ飬̨µѧ²ߣ̾Ϣһʱѹֶܴѧϰûһμˣ
̨µ˶ʱĽԱ΢΢һͣıʣԱߵ翴һۣĬĬĸ첲
ηŻ˶һδĻᣬ֮Ϳʼĳ̣Ҳļ䣬ֹԾϰ⣬˵һ£ѵЦЦкܶ༯ĿǿԺһμӣ͵ˡ
̨½½ѧʼӦѵһ
¿ȥҰ೤ĿλһܣĻûѡĿһǵʣֱӰǱˣʱ׼
ʦͲܲ岻̫áСӾֱԹ
⻰һ˵ڣðһЦйϵĸֱӴ˭ȸһСģ
һЦ
ڲ壡װֵС൱
κһۣҿõúܣ˭Բμӣ㲻С
ǡ
ÿˣ㸺ǦòǰҪÿ൱˾ʱһЦ
Сӿ֣֪Ͳ˵ˣ˵ɻȥ̨˵˼䣬ת뿪
¿λӵʱ䣬ҶûѧϰˣСԼʺʲôĿ
ʲô뱨Сܲμ𣿡
治̫ϲֶ
ûʦ˵ҪǲĻһĿϡĽ
üôأ˵벻أ
ҲûܣĽ˵꣬ЦˣҲҪñһЩĿ׼
һ£˶ѣʲôֵĿ
ôûУȥһܡ鳼һ䡣
ɻ󣺡ʲôֵģ
ΪĿ̫࣬Ϊ˲˷ʱ䣬ѧУʱ˺ܶ൥ܣвѧͬʱϵǸ档
һ£ʱһҲ̶ãˣұɡ˵꣬˴ǰδ㱨ʲô
δ
һǰϵô죿
ᣬδ˵һ£ǿҡ
ڳ仰ˣѧ˲Ŷ
ʱﲻƽˣٺĽһۣ˶ʱ軵Ц
һûġСһǲˡ
Ľȷʵûģ²ѧУĿ˰죬ѡ㣬ŸδˡȻˣһжеġ
ҲԿոñʲô鳼ѡ˰죬˸ܽҪĸˡ
ӿ϶ˣһȪһг㣬ϴҲμӰɡ鳼
Ȫ˵μ𣿡
ѡϵ鳼ü
Ȫʱ˵ˡĽ룬ɴĴӦ
˶ᱨ¾ˣϰʱ򣬰ű˽һĿһĿȷѡĽû뵽ô죬ʱֵһԹò˵ˡ
ѱΣ˵δģƫƫرĽҪĽͬѧѧϰΨһһĿˣҹĹơ
ĽڨЦһӲͷƤ˴ҵĹ
ĸ˻£񲻶İ˷ѧδʱװһһ
Ҿʲôʱ򶼺һûб˼ί⡣
δ侲ȥʱ򣬴ûҡ
ĽҲƲ죺룬ǺͰְһμӻ
룬ѵǿA󣿡δʡ
ĸĬһ˲ɴһݣδֻһֱһ˰۾ﻹй¶һ˿Ц⣬ǶЭˡ
֮һܲ˶ᣬҾͳʱϰĽҪ鳼İ׽ϰԺ󣬾͸һܲٳϰ㣬ѵĽп಻ڰ˰ٴκڱ㡣
裬ҪǵĲĽˣÿ綼ҪһһĽܻᱻʱ˰ĵطˡ
ҲʮΣҲǸϣҪв࣬һͲС𣿡
ÿζѲرܵʱ򶯲ֳĸо
Ľһ£ʮֿյҪܿסͺˡ
ƲסҲûа취ˡʮΣܲ⼸ٳʮװɡ
ĽƵĽ⿪ϵӣѹ඼߲ϡ
̾Ҳ̫ãҪ֪ôѣȥϵ
δһƽĿ͵ʴ׵ĸӣȷ鲻ú󣬲ƿڣʵһ취
˶ʱͬʣʲô취
վм䣬ߡδ
Ľһ£ʧЦˣֻһֻŶϣҪվмֻǻܶ𣿡
ҡδڡ
ĸһۣЩɵĿ
ϰһں˶㿪ʼˡʽʼı־ȫУԱᣬȫУʦۼڲٳ쵼ǿĹǻ
ô20ǰ̣20Щʡ
δ֮ǰûûʵͬѧ
ôû׶԰ˡ̻ش
δǾͶˣǳˡ
磺һڽл쵼δĻе
ԱֻһСʱͽˣ֮㿪ʼ˵һĿͽ죬ֻСӵǦڽ硣СǲԼһ뼸ȥ˳С
òСһ٣˭û飬ƽʱϲʳδҲƿϡСˢʱⶼۣǣǧҼͰ
İɣ㡣֤
Ҳ֤ŷðƬĳԡ
ǦʱԼͣ׼ϳСӳǻӻ֣һȺ̹еİͣӪǧЧСȻʮ⣬˵һѡ־ٱ۵Ķ
￪ڣ֪첲϶Ƿ׸𣿡Ҫ˶࣬δװղŸСӼ͵ûԼ
Ӧò֪ƻΪԼ⡣Ľһ
ղļ鳼ס涪ˡ
Ȫһ͸˵̫ˡ
֪ǵС鳼бһۡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱһ۾ʼ˿ʼˡ
㻹ͦڴü
̵˵ͷЩ˼Ŀڣұ뱨ǦģʦȸӱˣҾûٱ
翴һСһ壬ǳ˳飺ͦʺģܰ
˵䣬ʽʼˡĿͬǦʵûʲôÿģԳѡֵͬѧڲٳ˶ȥΧ۱ıˣǦһ൱徻
ֵСʱѾҪǷˣϳŴ񣺡Ӽͣ
һҲźֳһʱʮ֡ӺٺһЦɾʮߣӿʼˡһӳȥ̲סһǳˡ
Сûһ⣬Ҳû֮ǰΪѧǽ൱ڱ˸ǿ콱̨֡
СʮϵĹƣ˷ܵĳ嵽ǰϵĿСӿ˷ܵӣȻϲǦ򣿡
һ㡣ĵúˡ
СˣȻϲΪʲôμӰ
ǾѾμˣٲμӲ̫á͡
СӴ֣ʲôΪ˸棬ֲӷֲʽģʲôûôҪˣ˵ҲˣҪӸ棿
ⲻðɣȻɣĶˡ
Ľ̵ʲôõģǶˣһ£
԰ȥ鳼Źľѵñ¶ԼϲʲôǵȻҪ֧֡
ҲŹмΪĹȪҲе˵˾ͣҪǰδ𣿡
ûУҾǾͦġ㺦ߵ
δɨһۣǺˡ
Ļڳ˵ĶҪȨôһ˵̲ҶˡСӸϽİûµģһ¶ѣġ
԰ϣ
˵Ĺľ£һ۾ǦѧСӸղŵ׼ơ
һرǱĿ䡣
鳼Ÿͣԣ˵ӵıӻԶ
㱻ôһ䣬˾һɤӣתȦǦ˳ȥƶ˲䣬Ǧɳӡ
˳Ĭһ˲ɵùƣСӸпҲ̫ˣ͸Ҳôһ㡣
һξôãȻʺ棬ôҲû뵽ô
˵һֱǷĹȪѵÿһ䣺ȷʵ
㻹𣿡һƬУδʵ
ŽעתƵֻǦʲôƣȻʲôƣɫ԰׵Ķԭء
ӿһ㲻õԤУôˣ
ӦǡŤˡ㽩Ӳ
ˣ
ݵĳĬ֮󣬾һƬңȰ͵ҽʱŤ˵ĺ󾢾ͳˣ̱ڲϺߺȻ̫ܡ
Ǽֱ֣˭ǦģֻŤˣҪǦҵǣ֪֪ܰ⣬Уҽһʹֻţȥɥü۵Χڳߡ
˿δѾˣֻǼڣС̾ǷˣͲҪ񳪷ÿγûвùġ
ҪÿԷˮ滳ǲˡ鳼һӡ
Ľбһۣ˵ʲôƨ
СӲĿڣϴ󣬲˵㣬ôҲһ֣ô̡
û˵꣬ĽҪʰˣŵñͷܣؼʱ̻ǳϴ󡭡
Ťˣǰ˵ĽĿ㡣
ҪŲ۵óһʱҶˣôΣڣϴҿǲˣĽû취μӣҸ˴ɡ
ˣͱǽˣʵڲϡĽڵ
Сæܾаϴóܲˣȥ˾ȫУǰ
ڸô죿ĽͷʡĿȽ϶࣬ͬʱҪμӱģСӵѾɣʱҲˡ
С룺Ҫɣϴȥ˵һͬġ
Ľͷһ򴽣ԡ
ϣСһʱˡ
ĽбһۣᵽԱߵϿʼϷ
˶ڼһţĽֱӻˣһžͿδڣɵЩȣûԼ᣿
ˣȥδ
Ľһ˯ϰ治á
šδӦһû½ӻȻʲôõġ
Ľԥһ£ЦǰǴţδһ£ܽ
ĽڨڨһЦʵҲˣҪǲųĻܲܰҡ
á
Ľһ㶣ôӦˣ
Ȼأδʡ
ĽɰͰͿڣΪҪپܾҼء
ʦ˵öԣһλȻҿûκ𣬵ԸһЩõĻ䣬һԸæģδ˵ͣһ£ƽĿϣܸԼĺӴ֣۶١.


 87 

˵ò, ڶֱſϢˣٳûȥֻˢĿ϶￴һѧУ̳ԴĽڱһڶ, ̳ʱʱܷ, μӽ϶кܶ˷ڽӡ
Ȼ, ûˢ£ҵһ, ˽ȥ, ֻ淢˺ܶϴƬ, Ҳյ񡣳ǵүܲϲ, ʶüͷֱ˽˹Ա, ûӾͱɾˡ
ϵԱĿյٳϵѾߵ㡣ȻͬʱкܶĿУ˿Ӱ첻İ׽һĽַ, Ŀ࣬ԴӦԮСҲ٣ټϿֵ, ֱܵ㡣
籾뼷Χ۵, ʵֻ̫࣬ܵյ㴦š
δϳ, Ŀһֱ׷, ע⵽ȥĺ, һºȥĽλá
ڣĽЩȣҪһ𣿡
šδӦһ
Ľ, õİûʲôˬĴӦˡİյֻһף翴ñûʼܹȥʲôΪʲôͻȻλá
δһԵĻȣ뻻ˡ
Ŷ񡣡ֱ²ۣۿűҪʼˣŤͷҪߡ
δ֣յңҪҶ
Ϊʲôͷ
δĿǳĿҺϲÿγӡ
ͷһЩĿע⵽ƽʱĲͬδ촩һкڰ˶һ˫򵥵ЬȻɫãֿʵ·ϣһ䣬еʮĸоˡ
ҪôУ쵼ѧڣ뱧һڡ
Ͳʲôдˣδ۵һ˿Ц⣬һѣȥҰɡ
촽˶˵ʲô˴峡һºֻȴܵ뿪һ죬ʽʼ
һĹȪȳƣܵ˲͸˲࣬ȵѽ鳼ʱѾ˶˦˺档鳼ӹǰ壬Ȼм䱻׷һ㣬Ҳڼѵ״̬
ڵٶȣõһûʲôģƫƫٵӵʱ˵⣬鳼ûĽȫץסӰһʱļɿ֣½Ӱл䡣յһŵĿĽ𽻽Ӱǰ壬ʱѾܶ˳ˡ
İ׽ĸܣÿֻҪһףһͺ׷ϵıĽ˺棬Χ۵˶ν޹ˡ
ȻĽʮ㣬𽻽Ӱ͵سǰȥڿ쵽ӵʱߵмΡ
δʱԷѾʮ׼ĬʮĴݽӰδ˿ĳյȥһ֣Ľ˷ܵںҲʼQżͣȪͼ鳼סˣȵδһյʱֳ𻶺ˣЩû
ڽŵļͣɵԼʱͻȻЩǾ仰δ˼DD
ҺϲÿγӡҲ㿴ҳܹȥӣҵϲͬܡ
ۿͻȻе㷺ᣬкܳһʱ䣬޷δ˵ķʽԾ϶ϲԼɾôʱദòϣͷβδǰǸ
δܵǰͣ£¶һЦһ±ӣô˵̫ͣ¡
ߡδϢЩȡ
翴һۣͷǰߣδɫɵĸ棬ƽʱ󣬴˿ȴ˵Ľƽʱһʡ
Ȫͼ鳼ѾߵĽߣ鳼ЩεĿڣҲãûȡ
ͼģҪ¶ΣƨȪЦЦĿڣȻû·ϣû뵽Ȼô
Ҳû뵽ʲô𣿡鳼һθܵѧȫλѹѾûƢ
Ľɨһۣ޷εԺһֱܲϰߣֱƣɵĻ
Ȼ񡣡鳼п
վܵģαָյĽˣҪȥ콱δѾŮʧˣֱ׳ȥ콱ˡ
ˢʱһʱûסһ£ǣ̰̱ڴˡ˰죬ŵ㿪ϸϸı̺ʵ˰Ѻ
֪ǺõģҲͷˣˢ˼ϴǵĲʺƨӣŷֻԾ
Ľ̳ͣĽ͹ȪһѷͷԷһʱ䣬˾͸յ˼顣
ƾʲôĸһģֻ飿鳼ˣȻ˵Сʧ󣬵ֻ԰ɣһҵĶûУ
ô㻹ڸеβü
鳼ƲƲ죺ͲˣҾ˵˵ѡûҲˣΪʲôҲûУ
ҪشǱ߰Լ򶹽δͱСסˣɵϧ̾ܿ£鳼͹ȪȻҲܿӦʱЩŵĽӣѻ졭ᳳܰɣ
İɣᡣĽڵ
˵꣬δͶС￪ˣ㵲ˡ
Ҹղ˵Ļ𣿡Сŵʡ
δһĮˡ
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鳼һֱ̬ȣ
ͬ˵̬ȣͬˣһֱӰˡ
ͬ˺ͬˣѵһģ鳼ɻ
ЦδѶ˹󣬾ֺһڣˡԴ˵Ĺϵعˣ
Ľô꣬Ѿϰǵദʽˣֻм鳼͹Ȫûۿȥ𴦳ԡ
һ㣬֪Ľ˲μӣ治ʱ𱬣СӵվڱܱߣԱСϴĸ˧
Ҿϴ˧鳼Сֹһ䡣
ȪбһۣϹˣ
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㿪һ˵Ƭվмվţֵ̫ϴվһߣϥİӣէһһɹѪˬĸоȻ·ҳȫվCPġ
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˵ͷһһ㻹ͦ񣬾ǲʲô˵ʤԴ˿һһ档
ֵʱΧȺѾڴȵߣܶ˶뿴һѪĳ档
СΧ̲ס²ۣʲôѪģ
ǿүϴ񣬼ֱã϶رѪ鳼̷
СһҲǣȫ˶ӣ˲ڴУ쳤˲ӿˣȪһȻû˵Ҳרע
˵ڴУ𣬽˶δĽɽһѼмĵ͹ȣȻѰסųյȥδĽ˵ãʶϣȻϸһ磬һȣȻӰǵٶȣܿͰԶԶ˦ں档
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˵ˣ̳Ѿǵıˣ鳼ľȻĿһְֻֻϲһγȦ
С㣬֪ҺʶȪһɣǰ.

        88 

һΪʽ, һγɹ̳, ҵ۹, δ㿪ʼϵԱɾƬӣֻ˵Ľġ

    ˵һ˶֮, ҲûпǷɵĻˣ͸߿ѹÿ˵, ٻӵѧҲʱ顣

    Сӱ鱳ȥ, ÿ̲סʱ, ͻῴͷĽ, һɴҲ˼͵ļѧϰ鳼Ҳòȥ, һʹſ, ʱʱͱƵ÷衣

    ȪмԵˣΪǰϵѧУѮҪѧ, Ϊ׼١ÿολճ, 鳼൱ƽ⣺֪ҲҰָϵѧУˡ

    ָ˼Ҿ˸¥׼־ʲôСбһۡ

    鳼ǳ˳飺ǮɶУ

    ǲ͵ˡСӺٺһЦ

    鳼̾ͬ˲ͬ

    ȻǱԹҲֻڵ, Ǵĵײƽ⣬С֮󣬱ͷ, һдһߺԼһ߶ʱûúѧϰ

    ĽǵĶԻȫһۺ飬ʱûûҹѧϰѧ˸ȫγ̣ʽܸϰˡ

    ͬǶԻ磬ԥĽۣһֹӡĽһ£εĿôˣ

    ӣۼǮ𣿡ʡ

    Ľ룺ǮɣֻǮݣϾǵλ˵ҪһǮ˸ߵöࡣ

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    Ľһ£㵽˵ʲô

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    Ľ˼Ƭ̣ҾͿ±ꡣ

    

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    ŵĶԻҲ˼ˣǲڴѧ£ֻǰѧϰ

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    ʱţļ棬֪ѵëףʼĳˣֻһ»ʱ羪Ѿˡ

    һοУĽ˽׶ǰʮŹϵһԼþû˵

    ۣáЦе

    Ľ˶οһأ

    һУһٶɣҵԼΣҲͦģڵĽٶȣaû⡣

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    ЦЦڹ֣ȻĿҲٵĽˣֻйȪǻᶨڵλǻδ·Ѿ̺ãĻҲһ·̹;ʻ

    ͦõġ

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    ⲿѧѡǰ٣׼ѧҲʼѧУ뿪¿ʼԽԽˡ

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    ôһϴʦôࣿС̲ס졣

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 89 

һڿ, ѧУ涨УʱֻʣʮСʱˣص֮㿪ʼʰ䶼װʱ, žһ, ԼȻ֪ôණ
̾һɴ಻ʰ, ڴϷȥģһ˯ⶼû, һֱ賿һ˯šȻ˯ú, ɵڶһ, ӻ, ޾ɵĴ˸Ƿ
ѧҪȫУҲþһ׼뿪Сô, 㿴ԼûĶһʱ
˼ôЩʱſͻȻ
ʱ˭ãȻȥţδһ, Ͻôģ
ֱӽģδͻ˯ҵͷУ, Ὺ, ܶѧҳˡ
ֲѧҳһ䡣
δһ£ǰ
磺Ŷǡ
ûסЦѧȥ, Ҹʲô
ѧûѧҪδһ¡
类۾, ֱ˱ҿ, ϽҰЩʰˣһ˸㲻
δ, һºޱ飺ͻȻѧҲͦҪһǻȥɡ
׼ߣЦˣȻˣͱߡ
δ۵һ˿Ц⣬Ŀʼʰװ߰´򿪣һһɸѡҪĶֱӶͰ
ĹϣһߴʺƨһԱ߿ţֱһٺɫСӣżæڣǸ𶯣
ΪʲôδŴӲţװʲô
㲻Ķɫš
δĬһ˲Ȼ£
磺
֪ˣҲδĶ΢΢ˣһ򶨵İѴװ䡣
һԱ߿ţٷʲôٶ˵Ķ֮һ˳ȰжʰʱѾһСʱˣߵ⣬ſһʱԡ
ΣһҲʲôûС
˵ټȻŹϰɡδϲʽУ֪ܶ˶Ҫ
ģſһС˵һټ֮㽫Źˡ䵽޹ܰǼ֮黹Կף֮뿪¥
ĽڴſڵˣǺЦ֣ҲЦһһ̵뿪żʮʷĸСߵúܴæֱ뿪ҲûǺúõ
Уĵڶ죬ǿϿʱˣ2043Ѿȡ׼֤ģʽֻҪ沿֤ݿ֤ѡһɣ19ҪܶࡣδĽȥ˿ֱ֮ӻؼˡ
һصңĽԼ䣬ʱ俴鱳⡣Ȼʲôû˵δ绹׵ĿĽǡ
翴ŽյķţЩǵĿڣһֱܽŰ
˵Դοˣͦáδʮֵ
̾ʱ򣬾Ϳĵţ͸ÿˣҲúϢܻõӰ졣
δһ£Ϊʲô
û뵽صһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˣһ䣺ҡҲš
ܲôĽһŬҪˣ̫ˣã̬ͻòȡ
δĺƬ̣ȥȰȰ
ţ͡æĽ䣬˳Ŵˡ
Ľ춯ͷδһ£֣ôˣ
ҪӰ𣿡δʡ
Ľǳ˳飺ҿأ迴ɡ
δվԭزĽԥһ££
ʧˡδ
Ľһ㶣ôͻȻʧˣ
Ϊѽŵˡδ糣
Ľˣʦˡ
Ƭ̺οڣҲ봫ҿƲסһ뵽ҪԣȴкܶණûϰҾͽǵòС
ڽҲûãӦף⣬ɼһ㡣δ̵Ĵù
ĽͷˣǶѧһûİɣ
δһ˲û
ⲻ͵á
Ӱˡ
Ľ
Ƭ̣ĽεЭˣʲôӰ
ӰˣҴȥ԰ɡδʱı⡣
Ľ߿ǰһſȥ԰ļҳҲôһˡ
񲻹ӵģĽĻ·ŰȥˣΪǿԷŲȹɽһ棬ʲô˲ˡһڴ浽ڣȻصʱḺֱ̌ɳϡ
Һöɡ
ĽָͷöһҰƿ϶ôܸǶͷһؼȥ԰ñ±ģ˼ҵСѺȱϣ¿ˮóԵģδʲô׼
ȻδֱӴΧȹһҪ³ӡ
֣ǲǮ˰ĽһǣҴѧѧѶ˰ɣ
δɨһۣˡ
ΪʲôóԵģĽ
δͷҲصĽ˳һԻӣӰ췢ӡ
ŶĽװְֵģж֮ըˡ
ըҲûԳɣǳ൱嵭һٷ극һڿ˲ӰҪظݡ
δ˱ţ̸Ľ˯
лл֡Ľ˵꣬űӹཹȫˣųһְ
ң翴δҵأ
δһ£ʲô
ţѽ۾
δĬһ˲û׼ġ
ƫĹĿһֱۣӻ˯ˡ
˵˯ȴȻⶼûУڴϷȥСʱӴȥδˡ
δ濪ţ˶٣£
԰
δ߲ƣĬĬÿôˣ
Ϊʲôţ̣絽£һʦӡ
δĬߵ£˯ţҲ磿
磺
δԱߵλã
磺ʲô˼
Ӳδ
һ룬޵Ӹ߿ǰһʲôž˹ȥδü۷ɣ£羪һҪߣûжĶŤߡ
ͻȻ΢ΣСԹѹ㲻סԣԭΪԵĴȽ
硣
ţ
˵ûĵĻҾҧˡδƽ
ʱˣֺõЦЦߣ˰ţ֪˶ãһ˯⣬Ҫ˯ʱδط˯𣿡
͵ؾѣ̲סԹҺòҪ˯ˡ
ȥ˯ɡδ
粻ˣⶼûˣô˯˵ͷڴϹһȦ˯ȥһأ¶˰Ҫ˻֪ߴߴŤ
δ˰ǿнסҶˡ
һ㶼ˣҪ𡣡ίĿ۾ˮġȻ֪Լڸȡûʲô𣬿ǿƲסһֱû˯ãһ죬ȴûʲô˯⣬˵ǲܵġ
δĿƬ̣̾ҪҸ𣿡
šͷ
Ӧδס򢣬ȥ罩һ˲֮ķһ㷳Ϊὥʧ
ǵˣδΣյֹͣеãѹûȥˡ
Ҳءعܾ̾ˡһʧߣһ
δĬĬſתȥΪҪˣϽ˹ȥһûѽ
ΪʲôҪδʡ
ٺһЦⲻһֱô
δɨһۣ˱ţ̣ţЩʣʲô
߷ۣδĽţ̣ڵҽҩǸʱҪܶ࣬ܰܺõ˯ߣá
һ㶣ղĽ̺ȵġ
ԡδ˵꣬㽫Ӹˡ
ĽӹҪ¶϶ƨƨߵϡô˵ȴǹԹԵȫȵˡ
δЦϴˣŵȥ˯ɡ
һҩûô죿Ҳȥ˵꣬һҪ׵ӣֱӻˡ
δεվڳ峹侲֮ŸȥʱѾˣδֻðѵƹˣźڵ¡
Ϊ㲻ءһ
δ۾ô᲻
ЦЦ˵ˣ֪ǲãǸҩ֮ܿ;ˣû˯õƣ۳Ϯܿ˯²֪ˡ
ĺδҪ׼˯ȾʹϣʱסˣżѵİŲ粻ĺһ§סĸ첲
עʧˡ
δĸĸ˯𣬵ڶʱˣͬһʱ俪ţ⧲Ͷˡ
裬ôǴӰַģĽ۾
ʶֻͣǻͻȻˣѾбҵˣôͲܴˣ
űҵɣĽ
һҲǱҵˡ
˵䣬δˣµĺ༸ڲסΪһû˯ѹҲʮֵͳ̫á
֣ôͲܽһ𣿣ĽŭһϣȻԼڳӣ֪𣿣
δһ£ʲô󣬲ɵüͷ˵ʲôء˵ͷ磬ȴҲʮ֣һºޱ飬ʲôأ
ҩ˯ˣʲô֪ӣǲ͵͵ҡ粻֪Բʲôһĺӣ̬
Ľȥԡδ
Ľһ£𣿡
Լȥ
ĽղݿˣʶҪȴδסӣʲôȥ
ҡȥڨЦ
δĮãҪ
ʲô£޹ʡ
δΣգñ̬¡
磺.


 90 

֪ʲôʱ, һƬ谵ɳϿģ˫ֽץסδĸ첲, ƴֹһĶ
δǣ.̬𣿡
ر.̬ĴһƬ̺, һ㣬۽Ƿһһɫ, 崿͸һ˿Ȼ
δúʣ̲סҧһ£
һסҧĲ, δ˳ƽ˱, ˫ϥߵɳ, ģҴ, Ұɡ
ˣδͷ𵽶
綼ҪˣҲС֮ԩ㣬þǳ֮Σı̬
Ϊʲô֪ˣδһҪ
һᵹ, ʲô£Ͻſ˫۰סҾ֪ˣδõѣ϶͵͵ɻ¡ǹ
Ժ󻹸𣿡δЦ, ǰСҲǶ˼£ųӣԺҪ, ŵû궼ˣ
һ֪, ǲԼƽˣ, ˳һξڨڨ˲, ԺҲˡ
⻹ࡣδɨһ, øͷҪ䡣
ղžȻǱʲôӦ, δôܻ˷䣬һŷˡ
δЦһڿ֮Ļ
ôһͨڣҲ˲ϵĽˣиӲμӸ߿ʱѾǿʱˣϽ·ʰһ¾˳ȥδڿţһ£ȻȥĽ
ѽϽһ·ߴ١
δȥ·һͬ˿ʱ뿼ԽʮӡһģʱѾܶѧǰˣŴһƬ֡
Ȼղű۸һͨ˶£ʶǣסδ֣Щĵʣǰ˰ɣרˣΪչһΰĸ飬ҪǰؼˣԼͰһˣ
δǣһ֣οӦòᡣ
ϣᡣŵĶſš
˵˻ˣӺ󣬸ѧܳˣпĵɥģһʱ̬һϸŴţһС߶Ҳ̫ˣһҲô졭
켸һ۾ͿĽ˷ܵĳ֡ĽҲһУžͿˣ㶺¶һŽ׵ݣĳ
һı˿æʣô
ӡĽɵ
˵ͷǾͺǾͺá
ĽٺЦôѽ
߿ôҪ£ĸôȱϯأؼҡһ
ֲСˣʲôӰĽô˵ţ۾ȴЦˣȻܿġ
͵͵δʹ˸ɫӼҪزסδ۵һ˿Ц⣬ĸؼˡ
ȻδȥĿΪ˲ĽģûҳһſڵȣֱӸδ˼ҡ
ֻһؼңֿʼˣʱڵĽһǣ̲סȥδ鷳һΪһС鷳ʱδޱóԾȥո߿׼ꡣ
Ūģ
δһ鷳ʱȥصġ
磺
ľӵĸҲ˲ϹĽˣſԼСϣһ⣬ѾдʱδѾĽӻˣȵڶٽʱδѧӸ
׼һĸ߿ʱﲻ֪ĹȥˡĽһʱһδһȥſڵš
ǵȻ磬½½ܶ࿼ӿˣվλãĵŻڿĶӡ
ֱһһû߿أҶӾȿˡ飬ֲʵĸо
δס֣ĿǳעӴţξر𡣡
Ÿ˰ɣ41˵ǻһ룬һôһ㣬оŸ£ǾҪ뿪ˣ
δƬ̣εҲŸˡ
һ㶣ʲô˼
ʵ41Ҳûȷ˵ǻʲôʱһʱޣֻǸ41ԼʱƶϵģҰǵʱ䣬ȥߵģôھѾһˡδĿᡣ
죬һʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ʲô
û´ĻҲûʱռ41ԼǴʻǻصAǵʱ뿪δοͷ˵Щ뻹Ǿ֪Ȩ
ܾʱ仹кܶ࣬һֱƣһǰȥź
ԣʱ뿪Ƶġ
δ˵ԭ򣬾Ϊѹ״Ҳһ˵ǻҪꡣ
֪ڰοԼǿЦЦԸɡǰܻȥʱŻȥҪȥˣͻȻ᲻ãҲǹìܵġ
δ۽ǽˣͻȻͺڰЩˣ֪ΰοʱĽͻȻ˹õʣ⻨ҵ𣿡
ᣬһı˹ȥĽء
Ľһæסôôˣ鲻𣿡
ءֻǿޣȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ĽֻĿδδһ£û˵ʵ߿еп
ⷴ仡Ҳ̫ˣҶſʼпĽЦãˣôأôޱ˻Ϊǿҵѧһý׵㣬˵ҪޱӵĻ
һпܱģ̲ҿˣҲһ۾һ㿼ô
޳˻أİɣӡĽɫɣһڽ˵ظ
ÿȥҲ죬һĹͺˣδʱȥ˱ܸŹˡ
ԼȥԷȥ𣿡Ľ⼸Ϊ˿ԲӣһֱԵˮںòܳԱˣŸͰܲ÷ţû˵û߿£ʱǿôǷһ¾С
δĲ²⣬Ľô˵ܾˣԺͻȻʧôǰ
ΪʲôʧĽ⡣
ۿҪ죬̺ǲˣԺصԼ
Ľһ㶣ıͻȻͲˡ
ĳĬ֮ûô࣬˵ɡ˵һ£ﲻסʣǾͲܲ𣿲һֱ𣿡
͵̰İɣ41İҪ18İҲҪȫһڿһġ
һʱ͸жˣõĺӰһ꣬ô᲻Լˣһûۣӡ
Ľί衭
ĸӣǧͷȴһҲ˵ڡδۣǲȥ˭
磺
Ľ
Ƭ̣һ룬ǰȽҪ
磺Ŷ
ɿձδһ仰ˣĸûûεģܾûٵǻȥˡ
һſ꣬Ȳ˵ճɼôͰصµɸУҲ㹻ÿ˿ףһ
һﶼУɼˡʱֳͲģСȼ֮ǰͶԤˣڳĻӵһİ䡣
˼Ҹ߿ǰæŲ©ȱȴæŶꡣһëһ²ۡ
СӵʲôһKTV;Ƶ꣬ҳȥ裬۾ֱȥƵ˯͡
룬˿ɲ٣ȷͣЩȡԶڹĹȪ˵ˣô˹Է͵òǮͱ˵ˡ
Сü档
үÿСоͷԣǰԤ˺ܶҲƵʲôģתѵģʽˣǮʲôġ鳼Ʋ𴩡
ǳ˳飬СӾƱүߡ
ҸүȡСĵĸ
߿ʮȣǳʽķϲһһƿơƣǸ־ˮϰһѣȻ׼
һֱСӼ鳼Ⱦƣδֹģƿơ¶ǣȴûʲôܵӣȥˣֻżһЩϲĲˣԵ
ĽܺȾƣɴһԸ죬˵û΢΢Щ֭ĿĽϴҾ㡣
û˵ڵĻĽù֭˸һȺ˳ԻСʱ񿺷ܵתһ
ٳǰ绹ǳδؼ𣿡
𣿡δûֱӻش
ЦҲأҪصĻ
һȥδ۵һ˿Ц⡣
ҸиȻٺЦȻûкƾȷʵʹ˿ܣڿĵתȦȦ
δͷã㡣
ǿ㣬ҪˣĽ۾Ĵߴ٣ÿ߿ҰһһҲؼҡ
ϸ˵һҰӻҪҰϾҰӲŵȥˡ
ϣǣδ֣ȥ
ڶKTVСӵĸǵŴһһص˵棬߽һİᡣ
һȥδڽ£һҡһĶһҳʱǵøҡ
áδڶ˵Ӧ
綣꣬ȥſĽϣһ裬Ȼͷ֨DD
Щһᡣ
裬㳪ʲôĽСʡ
Ĭ
ү裬㣬ʲôҶᳪС൱š
鳼ޣҪͲԼ裬ػزǵģڻүģ
ôһĶࣿСһŤͷֺ磬үҸųɣʲôᡣ
Ĭһ˲ʲô𣿡
ţ㣬֤䳡Сֱͦ󱳡
羲˾󣬾ò۸֣صĵһ˿ڵĸ衣Ľ֪ģһ㲻õԤУĬĬϸԱˡ
ʮӺǰ綢Ļȵʾһ̶ŻͲԭŻͲ׼С㶣һɻĶĻ鳼ҲЩɵۣͳһۺ󰲾
ĽѾ뵽ʲôԼʲôЦæϵĹ֭༸ڣȲζʱѾ˴룬üͷʱ
δɨһۣôˣ
ҾζֵֹġĽ⡣
δĽʵڷѽ⣬ҲһڣĬһ˲ˡ
Ľ
һۣͬʱĬˡ
һӵ˶糪裬ûע⸸ʲô糪Ǿ䡮ӲԭĻʱС̲סˣ׸Ϊʲôû
ͷһ飬óۣһз˴2010귢еĸ裬ûҲ
Сӣ33ǰĸ裬үݡ.


 91 

ɤӺȫ, ŻͲ֣СӺͼ鳼һÿһ, ⼸һ, Ȼûֻиϡ
үѧôϸģʮֿա
鳼˼Ƭ̣ҲȺܸߣ
ղų˺ü׿ˮ裬˵һ̭, ô֪㻹ǲ⡣
СһǾ͵үˡ
˵ŻͻȻоһ, һŤͷͿĽޱԱ, ʱһ鳼æʣϴ, 𣿡
Ľ䵭Ŀ, һ仰Ҳ˵˻ΪԼʲô, ʱһҶˡְΣССĵʣϴǲǺȾˣ
䣬羪һ, ͨͲ֮һ̶졣Ľŵ̿ʱ°ͶҪŵˡ
ֻһ侲, ˿ӱ, °ͷļϣΪ߲̫, ֻܸ, Ӻ濴ֻίĴ󹷡
δ, أ֣ºû, һͷŭǿɶأ
šδ
ҲͨͲ޷ŴֻĬĬŴ졣һ£ˢĺˣյİѻͲһأδ֡
ҪҪδܾ
ֻȣ
յȻƽʱδ˵ںȶһҶˡǿС½Ͼһʱԥ
ҪҪүɵʡ
鳼ҲЩȷҪɣҿеˡ
ҪͰſˣƻûͷϣСڼһ˫۾͸̫࣬ߵȰˣ˼ҾǴζѣǲͽȥʲô
һе㲻ȥȰˣŤͷĽķȴ˲ˣɵһ㶣ϴأ
鳼СҲ㶣ҪȥʱĻͻȻˣһƹͻȻʶһ۾۾ӦʱĽѾߵСǰ
ϴأͱȥ˰ɡСڨڨѣȻϴүĸǲ
ǺȰ裬ȻĽһĻģǰ˴գͣδܽĵط
ûֱ۾һŪ
Ľû
һ£ֵĿ˹ȥӵ˲ŭˣôҲȾˣ
衣Ľһ䣬Ʋ챧ס
ԹϿϷһûɳˤȥ
ȶˣ˵˵ء߿һǰһҪոǱֱͣͷö
С¿ˮϴǰơҲûë
Ϊү̳úϴˡ鳼ѡ
æͷԣ
䣬ֻͿˣĽ߿
ΪʲôĽ
δĬһ˲š
Ҳ衣Ľ졣
鳼һ¹ϵʱĽϸռ˵ΪˡȻҲ뵽ˣһͳֻ¼ƵһûеӣǾʱδһοڣ治Т˳
Ľһ㶣˶Ĵһ㣬ۿδ㡢˵ҲТ˳
ţǲТ˳δ䵭۾񣬿û˭ˡ
Ľ۽ӵ֡δͻȻЩ㲻ǾͺТ˳
𣿡Ľŵ
δ֣صĵ˵ͷ
ĽһЦΪ沿仯Ҳˡ
ԡδˡ
һֱмޱ飺𣿡
һڣĽίˣ裬ԲҲˡ
ҪһۣŤͷвˣ֡
Ҫδᶨܾ
۾
үᱻвˣҪҪһΧ۵С̲ס⡣
ûᣬȻᶨĿʼһ
δ̷ſˡ
СӣĳϢأ
˾ûϢδĬĬߵĽߣſڵԼұ
Ǿ͸ʵ㡣һ֫һۡ
δʱ˵ˣվڰ룬Ľۿһְ֣費Ҫ𣿡
δĬһ˲ɡ
㱧϶ǲҪˣ˵뱧ˡĽһ
δ˵ˣͬĵ˵ͷ˵öԣǲҪˡ
磺һΣ𣿡Ȼҵòͷˣ
ȷʵлòͷ˵˼ĽίҪǲҪˣǻֿ𣿡
ҲֿδˣѾֿһˣҲֿˡ
ͷһͻȻûƢ
Ľͷʲôʱֿģ˦𣿡
ţϲңδ˵һ£ֻϲҵ
⻰˵þЩˣҲ֪ǳ׵׵Ǵ˼ĵģԹ̲ס磬ıƺʲôʱδһ䡮Ů
ǣҪһֿأĽ׷ʡ
δĬ˸ãõĽҪǷˣԥڣ㲻ҪˣҲһҪġ
Ļ㶣ûӦ֪δôаȫУû뵽ѾһȻһֱĽҪҪ
ҰߣװӺһ𣬡δ߼ܡǳôһֵᷢġ
磺ϹͶӣǷֵлл
δ⻰̫Ľˣֻص˲̫һһܽܣ
ֻҪŲߣʲôܡδһ档
Թ飺ڱ΢˰
Ľ룬Ҫʲô⣬Ĵˣ˰Խ˵Խ񻰡
ĽտһϲĿڣ裡
磺
裬Ҫְ֡ϲˡĽһ档
ô˫۾棬ȻĻܵ棬绹̲סˣһֻҪǹԹҾͲ᲻ҪǣٸҺ˵˵ھͰǶˡ
ҲҪ𣿡Ľˡ
˵ͷĽܵвҵδδ൱Ŀڣҹԡ
Թ飺ı˵˵Ļˣ
ӶˣȻ˳ʵʵĸһǾ͸һֻƨ档ƣҲʺȥˣֻøСҪ˷ţȥƵ갲ˡ
һһߣʣʹյһߴߴˣֱҪɵˣû뵽ô΢
ҲɣүͦϲģһԸһԸ㱰΢ˡСӷ
ɣܿӣ˾ƶ±¶Ӱˡ
ƹĻģϴ󻹽ְأѵְ֣С˵꣬Լһ£ܾһʲôȴץס
˼ʱע⵽鳼ͷֻ̲סʣأ
鿴ǰţ鳼ͷҲ̧ĺٺЦһֱüʮǰ϶ģû뵽ҲôĶ
ֻǲ糪ĸ裬Ųžͱˣ˿̿ò԰Ρ
ͲܲСӲǳ˸ղ뵽Ķ
鳼бһۣʲô۵ģ˶ʮǰרʡ
ʲôСʣҲĴ˹ȥ
鳼һصķֻ򹷡
СӺͳͬʱһ㶣γüͷ̫ð
ʲôõģ˵ˣӦоУүˣǻ鳼бǡ
СӺͳξȻ˵úе
֪ǱԼʲô磬ڶԸһͨôƵʱ˿˰ŵһԼҲȥһӣ̱ڴϴյ
֪˶ãԺҪ˯ʱſͻȻһ˸˯ȻſڵȴһԾûУϵţʵڷ˲侲һ˲µ˭ˡ
Ȼһ򿪣Ϳδ
ƻûѣü
δ˵Ȼ΢ˣû͸ε̾˽źֱӽϵ˴ߣСӸҶǴ󴲷ҪµĻ͵ø˯ˣñ֤Թ˯ʲô׼
𣿡δ۾͸һʵˮ⣬һʣÿüڵƹһͣԴ˾һ㡣
¿ˮûסżһڣˣ£Ҫԡ
һԡ
ȥϴɡЦ
δ˵ͷĽԡңƬ̣ǵܽȥһˢϴδμĶҿ̫һ˫۾ˮȻһĸо
δ뷨δ̫ˡ
ɢЩ߰ģϴûסһ£δʯͷһվŲҲһӦ
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ֹɵķ촦·ϵһ㲼ϣĽǡ೤ǽδѾ࣬ٿʱ۵׶һ᣺ˣ
˵أûķʣȴΪպˮ۾ʮû˵
δЦһͷ
һЩڵĿڣȻѵòˣȥĽ˯ɡ
δһ˲¡˵Ϳ𾪵񣬵֤ʲô
ģЩɣ汣֤󣬱̲סˡ
ĺ˲ͬһŴϣ˵֮˭Ҳû˵ֻǰŶԷĺ
֪˶ãСڣ˯𣿡
š
Ĵ͵͵ֺܿˣ˯˻˵
δ
ֻһĻе죬Ƭ̺ϲ㡣
δָһڰŤͷȻֻܿһ
ϲĽΪҺĶӣɻϲ㣬ֻΪ㣬Ϊϲ㣬ҲԸĽӦװɣϲˡ첻ᱻ֣ŵӸס
δĬú󣬵ҵ㲻Ҫ档
ǲҶҪ㣬Ժõģررõ֣͵͵ס֣һڰԽԽаȫС
δĸףƬ֮ĬĬӴźڳſȥŵȥģ
ȥδ
Щ˵𣿡
ûС
ΪʲôҪߣЩãȻ
δĬһ˲ٲߣ»ʲô
磺.

        92 

 仰ס, ֱûδһ, ڴƬ̺ûסЦһ, ͨڴϱűӹȥð˸ǷͻȻоһ⡣

    ϵľƾˡ緭˸, ܿ˯ȥ

    δصʱĽҲѸ, һۣǳĬԡ

    ֪˶, Ľ̾𣿡

    δղ緿Щ, ĿЩûС

    ǾͺáĽشϡ

    δһۣҪЩѽһ£

    ð, Ӳ̫ãӦò²ࡣĽһ䣬ſڴ˯ˡ

    δҲûٶ, ԱߵĴ, ܿһھͶ˯ˡ

    ˯磬һѵҲ, һ¾Ƶǰ̨, ˵Ǻҹĺ󣬱ûнǣ˳Թ緹ؼ, һֱյСӵ˵Ķš

    ߿ĵһ񻶣ƺֻһԳ׷źţĽڼʵ, ʹյ˵ǰСҪȥ棬ǿһȥ𣿡

    ȥɣҺͲȥˡδ

    ˸ǷĿĿĸһ£Լˡ

    ȷʵ̫ȥˡ

    ĽЩʧҲûãԼȥ˰

    Ҫȥ찡СĵʣԴδ˵ʱ뿪Ϣ㲻̫ĽֿܶһͶһ

    Ľ룺ܵһҰɡ

    ܸϳɼ𣿡Щǡĸ߿ɼֻҪʮͳˣѾǸ߿ĵˣϣɼ죬ܸԼδһ

    Ȼ¸ˣĽһţģҿ϶ǰһϻġ

    ǡעⰲȫ޻˵ˣԼ䡣

    ûδҲŽˣºʣȥĻҿ¡

    ǲҪˣϣ޶ڸɣһֻһ˲ʱˣôǵĶˣ

    δĿƬ̣ȷת󣬱Цһ¡

    Ľ˵ȥĵڶ죬СǳȥˣͻȻʮꡣ

    δΪ˺ȥ԰ԷӰԼᣬȻʲôһȱȱӡֻóɱԾ𣿡

    ΪʲôҪԾһ֡

    δĿĸ߿ҵֱ׼ֻ522aķߣ̫Զˡ

    磺ȻˣԼûʽμӸ߿ԸϰҪһֱС

    ĬƬ̺СĵҪĽĳɼˣٺúѧϰ

    У⡣δ˽

    ǳ˳飬λЭˣĿʼⲹϰΪԾûЩеûˣĽʱЩãȻôôˣ

    ˵ˣɼ֮ǰĽȻûúͿɹ˪һȣԵ¶ݸӽˡ

    Ȼϳɼ𣿡

    һ˵ҹ12㣬ҲпܻƳٻǰĽ

    ˵ͷǸǸʱҲࡣ

    ĸһۣͻȻ

    裬Ҿе졣Ľ¿ˮ

    ǳ˳飺˵ˣϻúóԷء

    ˵꣬һͬɳϣƯľżһ˫۷ֱĶŵ档δʱĸһºʣôˣ

    ǽšС

    δĬһ˲࣬ɼнŸСʱǲǽŵ̫ˣ

    Ҫܡһۣš

    ĽߣȻվһߡδҲˣȥ˵ˣȥ𴦸ĸСʳȻصʱѾСʱȥˡ

    ĸɳϣάԭơ

    δĬȥֽ˸ųж˳Է

    ûθڡĽüͷ

    ҲҲǡ

    δ״ɴ಻ȰˣͰڵϣԼʼԷĸᵽ㣬̲סʣʲô

    ҳ˿ּҪзǯСϺδֲЩʲô

    ¿ˮĬĬĽΪĹӣĽ̵裬ȻǳԵɣȻôŵ12㡣

    ˵öԣǻǳԵɡ˳Ƶ

    ĸ֪ܵĴյǰϵĶһɨաŵҪ̱ɳʱҲûôˣĿŵӡ

    δߣһڱ߿ӱߵȳɼҹʮʱ򣬰ϻĽƤѾˣϢ磬ҲùǷ

    ˯ɣϿҲһδ

    ĽҡҡͷУҪȡ˵ִ꣬һǷ

    總飺ҲҪȡ

    δɨ˶һۣĬĬӵСȵ˱۾ʱɴѵӹˣһһ̺ӡ

    Щĵĵȣֱҹʮʱһʹ׼һߵĵԣĽ׼֤š

    ˵ǲָȴЩܿƣֻһż򵥵֣ڼȴĴΣȵ¼ȥʱʱѾȥˡ

    ɼһ̣δĿŵĻһ仰Ҳ˵

    ֣ɼ𡭡Ľ֪ʲôʱˣ۾ʡ

    δˡ

    ĽƬ̣ѣϵЦҲ𣿡

    δ˼Ƭ̣õá

    Ľһ˫ֽȭ֮ǿ֪ˡ

    aĻֻѡרҵˣδרҵĻûжӷ֣ܲЩԶ

    Ľ㶣󲽳ȥɼһ˲۵ס

    121ѧ102Ӣ148234ܷ605

    aߣ620640֮ǻϱļӷ֣665֣˵ˡĽãŽӲδ֣⻹ã

    õһģɼ582ڸ߿20֣ѵǳˣ

    𣿡δʣ۵һ˿a󣬾ֻӷ֣һרҵѡϷǳޣĲˡ

    ĽĬһ˲Լ˵ֱҿԣҸ˷ϲñȽϺãǹϻɳǰ硣͵ؾѣɼ𣿣

    ˣaˣĽ˷ܵ

    ãĿȻû˯ѣð۾aˣ

    ţ

    ĸĬһ˲һ뱬һ󻶺ĽĻˣҹֻѴ绰ɢϢŴҹӵ绰Ϊʲô£ŵòӴˤһôãҲǸ˵ҪĽʱţƴҹĶҪˡ

    ûѿ֪ͨ㿪ĵȥδüЦ⣬δεĽڣQQȥ

    ĸһֱֵ賿˯ڶµ˷ܡһˣĽڸƵͨЦŴ˹ȥ

    кС磺үϴ˵û߿

    ţûУбİšЦЦ֪ǳɼסˣԴ󷽽͡

    СĽˣҲǳð񲻸߿̫ϧˣϣø״Ԫġ

    ȱ˵ǣǿôЦʡ

    С˾񣺡ҿ489鳼473ˣȻ513пúãҲͦ⡣

    Ǿͺãñ־Ըˣʲô𣿡ʡ

    С̾ûأԴԼһ£һ

    ԰㶨ʱ䡣Цˡ

    СӺٺһЦϣ

    С˵˼鳼ͳ㣬ֱСԱ߳Եķѳֹһ˳ԵһֻѧУԱߵտ̯

    ղǶ٣û˰ȻҪİٶ࣬Ǯ׬ľǿ죬СӶݺݵĿһ⴮֪ѡʲôרҵڿ֪ˡ

    ѡʲôɣרκ̣Ƶʡ

    Сһѡ̿ƣҲҪ׬Ǯ

    Ŀһۡ

    鳼̵øʲôˡ

    ҲҪ׬Ǯü

    鳼ٺٵҪѧԺץ

    г𰡣СӱԹ

    δĳԷԱߵĽ˼Ŀ۳Ĭĳ㣺ñʲô𣿡

    ѧơ۾ġ

    Ľ˵ͷͦõġ

    רҵѡˣѧ𣿡档

    ĽҲ룺Ȼaǣȥġ

    Ļһ䣬˶ˣĽһ£̧ͷǣҪȥĵط

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    ҡҲǣȻȷѡʲôרҵӦòaˡ鳼ͷҿĽ

    ĽĬãޱףһ·˳硣

    ˣе

    һٷͻȻˣһһ·Ĭֱ߽Ҳû˵һ仰Ľɫ׼ݣδͻȻڣҪȥĳУȥ𣿡

    ĽЩ̧£֪˵ʲô

    ڲˣΪϰΧת˵ΪһֱǱǸ֮ǰŻȻľãϴѧҲߣδ˵һ£˵ףѳ

    Ľ򴽣Ҿûס

    ĿƲסǸŲˣδӦúɣû£ȴΪϰ߳㣬ĲΡ

    Ľһ㶣۾΢΢

    δ֪ѾͨˣĿ⻺Ϊףϣ㱻ƴҲϣ㱻ƴʱƴˡ

    Ľڷ㶣ϽһѣɵվŸʲôȥǵǸȥ

    һ侪ˣĽŤͷܳ⣬ȥСˡ

    пһ䣺á

    Ҳܺáδ˳ƽһ䡣

    磺ʲô߰ġ

    лҪ˵δӻϰˣû

    磺Ŷ

    ᵹʱҲ˰ɣȥ֮ЩΪдд뿴׷ǶΣӦҲһСдˣһ£ڱģʲôĽ̴2019֮ģͲȷдд

    ᵽΪʲô20422019ĸ߿ǰ߿ǧľţַʽϣǾͻһΪм˹ǿǺɵģ

 93 

ĽܳȥСʱ, ʱѾ賿ڿźЩȣ裬ôû˯
ҹܳȥ, ô˯, ˸ǷСǵǸˣ
ĽЦˣ, ǸˡҲǣһֱ, Ҷô, ʲô, ϽϢɡ
ٴҲҵı, ˵ˣҲ˯˵˯ʵ, ߵſʱͻȻֹͣĿ
Ľü£
û¡ǽ鳼˵־Ը£뵽ȥA󣬾ֻܱ־Ը, ſڣҾȷһ£ϲרҵ𣿡
Ľ, ʵش𣺡ʵҲ֪Լϲʲô, ȻıȽóҾѧ, ֮ǰеרҵĻ, ʱҵϲ, Ǿٻ
ЦЦٻҲưɡҵ˼ǣʱ䲻, ʲô뵽ȤרҵǾͰҪרҵȥѡѧУ鳼
˵ͣһ£ĽᣬŽͣҵ˼ǣһҪAģķһѧУˣûҪΪAġ
˼İ裬֪ģĽļ򣬰ƣҲǻίȫˣб뷨һίԼ
εɨһۣһƶ΢΢ģٹǰĽͻȻڣ衣
ָһ٣ţ
ͰְֵĽ𣿡ĽЩʡ
ãͻȻЦȻֻʶ˲һ꣬ţ쿪ʼҺͰְֵĽ
ĽЦ¶һŽ׵ݣȻĴ𰸡ʵòˣøĸϷ룬ֱӰ˺˳ȥԼһͷڴ˯ˡ
־Ը޺ܿ͵һ죬СһʼFǵ̿ѧУѡCˮѧԺĻרҵǼ鳼ûѡһʼȥľѧԺѡСѧУԱߵũҵѧ
˾죬Ҿѧ࣬ΪףһġĽҵɳϣ鳼ɣ
ĽЦһĲ𴩣ڼҶ췢̫ۣԲŸı־Ը𣿡
ϴ󣬿͸˵͸鳼ˡ
СӶѡ⣺㲻ҲãʡԺʲôΥ£ȾƵʱСй¶ˣʱٱץҾ̫ˡ
й¶ٱ㣬鳼б׶Ըʵ㡣
Сӣ
û뵽鳼ȻҲôһ棬ǰ̲סпһ䣬ǵҸһμʱ򣬼ֱǸСåھȻҲòˣǰ컹̹·
˺ܶࡣδ
ͬĵ˵ͷʵֹ˱仯ҲͦģСӶʵ˺ܶ࣬ٹ絹ˣҲʲ٣Ľ˵Ǧ˵ѧǦš˵ѧ𣿡
˵꣬۾Ŀδ
δĬĸƬ̣ΪͲѧϰˡ
ǰǰǼ磺
⡣δޱ顣
ʱͲܲѧϰ𣿡
2019ĸ߿2043Ҫ֮һѧȴԶû2043ߣҪ뿼A󣬾͵üŬδƽĸ
ƲƲ죺֪һŬġ棬Ҿȥǣʵھġ
δĬһ˲ҰǸϳȥ
ҲУҪˣһһֱȥˣʲô͸ˡ⡣
˰Ƭ̣δȥһ洫һ󰧺ܳȥȴδ˹ȥ
ôˣѧϰڴ
δԾó⡣
磺
ﾲ˾Ŀ򼸸кͷԵĿòѰǸԼˣ㡣
Сδֻ֡
ǳ˳飬ջһˣʵʵڿ￪ʼдԾ˵˵飬ЧʹȻ˲٣ֻԭǼ浽ϵļˣˣ֮ܳһʱ䶼û
ˣĽȴ߲δѹ£ÿҪԹСʱԾòûҪְ˸ٶǷ֣ȴⱳ飬˵ǲҵòУֻ£ܿˡ
ֻҲζ𣬽Ѹ
־Ըܵʱ䣬¼ȡ״̬͹ˣĽͼ鳼Ըһ־Ը¼ȡ֮ǵ֪ͨ顢ѧҪĶĽѧУAУҪ׼̫ණȴȥأҪһж롣
鳼СӲ̫ð춫·ϣٽѧʱ֪ˣϽѾ׼׵ĳ㣬ҪĶһ飬ʱѧҲ쵽ˡ
ͬĴѧѧʱҲͬǸ鳼С֮һܣĽģζţҪһߡ
ͳ죬վڸվ˵ʲôģûڣصһð׾˸һվ񱻰һ㣬Ľ˲㱻ߣͰŰ˵
ʲôɿĻ˵ˣĽ˳һţϽ
ϴ󣬼鳼ӣ۾ͨ죬ŽĿӼɨү
ôأСˡ
΢΢ҡͷʱ䣬һҪȥңCǵտ˵رóԣҵʱȥ
ɵöܵǮʱɲʡš鳼Ц
㴽ǿʡܱ
˵Żδүļͥϵе㸴ӣԺҳᷴԣܷʲôǧҪү
үҪǷأСӴȤ
ΪƬ̣ʵүȻúÿôףӦóҲҲĶˡ
СӣǾԼҪ˲ᰤԸҺˣ
ҪүķˣҲװҼϴүߣ̫΢ˣƻ̫Сһ
δĬһ˲ˣǲֿ
ǾͺáЦ
һԵĽһʱ䣬ûл˵ûûеĻϽߣˡ
ſĽϴ󣬱ء
Ľһ±ͷϽ
Ц֣ȥҼˡĽĬĿıӰֱӰʧ۾죺û֪Ͳˡ
Ȼô˵ȵ鳼СҪߵʱˡ
FAǺԶԽ˴ңѡ˳˷ɻСӵļʣΪʡǮ˸賿һĺ࣬Ľ˵ôҹǡ
ôʡǮôȥĽһ໰ŻıԹ
СӺٺһЦҰָҵĻƱԤǧʱĲ500࣬Ǳ߸鳼סƵٻ٣ǻǧأð
ҲôģĽ鳼
鳼ЩΣ˵ðˣһߣҾͰѶƱ½ˣ˭֪ô㡣
Ҿ֪ĽЦһ
СӲˣ鳼ô˵Ͳ˼˰ɣҿΪ˸ʡǮ
ллˡ鳼һҹ޿
ȽϹһ£ǵ˹컹ûôȥƵ갡
ƵгǣҶźˡС̹Ȼ
˵ͷŤͷδδһ£עⰲȫ֮󷢸š
񡣡СڴӦ
δΪûʲôɶˣ㵽һԵ£ѿռСѡ
ĽͷڱԹ뿪ʱ£´Ҫʱߣҿ϶͡
֪ϴǶҪˣͱвСЦſ˫ۣϴ󣬱һ¡
ĽһԶ㡣
䣬鳼ͱ˹ĽʶҪƿһסˣֲǳ㣬ʲôӣ
ϴԺҲߣƢһ˷ͻˣҲþ㡣鳼ŵ
С˵ϵЦҲЩǿˣ˽֮ŬάЦݣֻ۾ٿߡ
ĽĬãŲļ鳼ʲôʱˣ
ô˵˶֣ûү֣ɣ鳼һ±ӣҪǿԵĻڴѧѣԺҲġǲܱȸҺðѧܸӵģ̫ġ
ҽѣ׼Ҹ˱ȸãĽЦˣԼԴף
ҾǳԴףҲǻΨһĴ鳼ȨԽҡ鳼ɿ۾
Сȥˣô̫డ
̫ࡣ鳼˻ȥһʱ˿ޡ
СӰһۣ̫඼û裬ʵϴ󹬰ɣ
Ǻ󹬣鳼˹ȥ
СӹһĽĽЦǣĳɨһɶȵʱˣ˲űͣˣȥˡ
ϴ󣬶ϵСЦ
Ľһۣæء
ҲöϵСûûƤıһ¡
鳼ÿǸУԶ˵㣬˵껰һסߴС뿪˸һһε𣬱ȥ
СӣôҪޣ
ܵ𣿡鳼ȥֻϧģʮֿ
СΣǹܲţ㲻ϴܰ
鳼סᣬҪǻʱͻȻʣͲѹ𣿡
СӶһ£νʲôܵġ
ûûΡ鳼Թһ䣬ȴеĽ
˷ɻ֮˭˵ˣСͻȻȥϴּ䡣
ղôȥ鳼
СһⶫҲܿƵģ
Ͻȥ鳼һ
Сӻȥϴּˣ鳼һλϣŴ谵ķ羰ðСӶûֻȥϴּ俴ȵſڣҪСӿ㣬ѹֵĿֶһ£ûš
СϴּʮӲųʱ۾ˣһ֪޹˺ö취û취ۼֻþôˣڵʱ򣬼鳼Ѿ˯ˣ˿Сĵڼ鳼Ա£ܿҲ˯ˡ
һֱߴصĺ鳼۾ŻԽԽСAǣ̾
бҵĵһγɳǴӶԿһó̿ʼģһ¸ҵģٵҲҪʣʱʧ󣬱ǼܳһʱʸС.


 94 

ڰѶԺ, Ľӭ˿ѧȻҪȥĴѧֻаСʱ̣δǾȥ
Ľոµ, δһ䣺˷ѡǰĶ, ȴҪĽµģһ̫ͬ
бһۣѧ˼Һӿ϶µ, ʱһ˵ƣһ˿ô죿
ʵ֤Լ, δ, , 㲻̫簮
۾Ȼʵ֤Լ, ΪʲôôЬһ˫Щ, ⲻ簮
δĬһ˲ѧоѵΪõչʵ
٣ǷҪҳǰɣиһ絽׵˼
еĳϰĽ, Ͻ˹֣裬Ǳ𳳼, ΪҲֵá
˵Сٲ졣һۡ
δҲȥ, ǻнġ
Ľô࣬ɵ¿ˮ, ĬĬȥİᶫ, Ȱ͸ɺжᵽϺ, վصİ裬һѺ֡, 𳳼ˣ߰ɡ
δһۣĬߡĽֳδʻûڣȥ˺ֻȥʻˡ
ϳŵ͵ˣܵİźһ£ǲˣ
һ٣һˡ
˵Ļǲе̫ˣĽһɻδûĿˣǸղһ£ȷʵǳܡ
ĽŶ
һ·ĵУſڣжʱĽһ㶵ĿǣǸղŲΪ˲ɻ·ҵİɣ
ıװ֪˵ʲôĽ״ʲôģüͷһҪˣδʱѧѧˡ
Ľһ㶣ŤͷͿ˹
ѧУ𣿡ͷʡ
Ľòĵ˵ͷǣҸáΪϰ̫̫ɵԭһΰǵԼֵܽõʱ򣬾ʶľðְǸ磬ã֮Ҳôܡ
б˶һۣЦеĸѧǴкһ䵭δ˿ҲɫѺõĺ˵
òڣˢˢվһʱʮעĿĽ˱һ£Aѧ̳ϻһСȳûѧУѾȳ˷
ѧѧܺõĸǺѣͻȻи۾һʣǲǱʮǸŮ
磺ֺʷͲҪ˰ɡ
ε˴ЦѧԾԾԵҪϵʽδɫĵˣ־ܾǰæĺ⣬һѧУߡ
һҲ̫˵㣬Ժɵÿˣϱ̫ϲҲáǴУſڵѧУһ·ͲֹһˣĽ̲סϰ֡
һۣأôأ
ٺ٣Ҿһ˵Ľʱˡ
ʧЦҪ˵ͷϾһñӣֱӵסĿδŪñӣ
δüͷ΢ûлش⣬Ľأ᲻һ㣿
ҿĽƬ̣ɵüͷôøÿˣ
δĬһ˲Ҳãôÿ
磺ǹ˰
ŸȥǼ˾ѵ󣬱Կȥᡣͬ˽УȻAҲ˼䣬ĽҪһȹѧʱ⡣
ʱ˶ڣḺ̌ӣδһЩĶȫʰ׵˶
ΣϴѧˣҲǸˣԺһСӣѺƽദ֪𣿡
ϣ԰ȥסҪòϲ˻Ӱ쵽㡣δ
һۣô̺ӵ˼ʹϵҪѧģȻԺô죬ҲԼԺˣ˸СЬġ
ĽСľ֣ǸҰ־ûʲôѣǺܶܿû˸ҸСЬ
ִ𣿡練ʡ
ĽǵûС
ⲻ͵ˣѵ棬԰ҪĻĸ˽Ҫһʼͱ̬ȣ֪𣿡
˼۸أĽʡ
۾һɣ˭ң
ĽղŲǻ˵Ļ⣿
һ£ǾĻ
̸ΪֹΪ˱ŰѶӵ;δʱתƻ⣬Ľѧȥ֮ǰûȥĵطߡ
˵AͼرʺգҴǹȥɣĽ̵
ȻӦˣһڲϵתȥͼˣ֮ȥ˹ͲתһȦδҪؼˡ
Ľ͵ѧУſڣͻȻһܣǻжûߣ
ھѽЦ
Ľ򴽣˵ˡ
δ΢һ𰸣̫ȷӦÿˡ
ĽʵǣʲôʱԽȥղŻʱǿЦЦһߣ41Ҳûˣʱܺúġ
֪ﻹе㲻Ľͷȴ벻ﲻ
ˣ㿪ĵġ
ǾҰɣǶ档Ľ
ʧЦ㲻ҪѵôҲҪô㣿
پѵһҲҪԵģ϶̫ȣɣÿʱҡĽ룬ճ̱
翴δͷӦУÿ㣬Ҫʱ£ǰǡ
ãĽǴӦǵ˶ʱɢ٣ϳ⳵һУſվ˺þã̵Ļᡣ
һٻȥҲˣƺһϷں캿أ˿һ㶣ģ
šĽͷ
ԷЦϷȱһ
ĽĬһ˲ɫ档
ǴһƬʱδҲˣȻһûʲô£绹۵òУſɳϲ
δԱһʵϵĺ𣿡
ţˡ
ȥϴ衣
Ҫ۵ò붯һأҽ첻ϴ衣
δĬһ˲ᷢ͵ġ
Ҳϴ۾һװ׵ӡ˵ðûδĶ̲סһЦ⣬˯ʱ°ͻȻ̽һֻȵ֣ϸϡ
ŵôɳϹȥ׻Щĵ輸ϣһ𾪵Ŀδʲô
ϴδջ֣Ŀڡ
磺
㲻ȥԡңҾ͡
δû˵꣬һ̵ܻˣ˳㻹ŸδߵſڣźѣȻѾˣϴ˯Ҳ봲մöǺɣ
ҧгݣջǹԹȥϴˡ
δľٶ˸ѣĽѾȥѧУˣʣʱ˵͵ΪĿĳЩµʱˣɵСĵ㣬ĵ
ôţְ˰ӵϣŷĵĻȥ˯
һ磬˯Ȼѣһ¾ǿֻȻͿδСʱǰĵĶţ˯ԶȻ󲹿Ρ
һ£ˣҪȥͻȻ뵽ʲôһɿ˯£ĬƬ̺·
ϴȥʱѾǾŵˣδͣһ£ʣô䣿
翴һϵĳ䳤˯£ЦЦһֱпյȵģҾ¹ؽڱˣԾ
ҵصһ˯ˣ¿Ӵӵһϵһţֻ֮˵ʶôͲδԼ뷨
δƬ̣ڹΡ
áûм׷ʣɵһϽȥԷˡ
δĿѷ꣬ŵ󻺻ȥɡ
Ҿÿ߸ãڿɡɰͰ͵ЦڼˣɲҸ
δԣ˳ӵڿãɡ
šе̫ˣɣûжĶԥһºԱˡ
ľóȰѲ⽲һ顣
áóԾ⣬ķ
һ죬ų䳤ƶδûκصΪ·ֻʦѧĹϵһͬʱ־ֵֹģȴ˵֡
ʱ䣬һȥĽոնȹһУ԰Ľ񲻴ߴߴĸ˵Ż˵ͻȻԥһ£𣿡
ûаһ޹
ĽЩɵĿһۣô֮䵭
Ӻ¡һﲻԾ˨DD
䵭δԼ䵭
֮ڻؼҵ·ϣﲻסˣǲˣ
ΪʲôҪδʡ
ʱˡ
ݵĳĬδֻǾãøӪһаȫеѧϰ
粻Ŀ
δĺӣƬ֮󿪿ڵû׼֮ǰҲ㣬ɵ㣬ѧϰ
С˼ͻȻƣˢһºˣβŽŵ桢ģ
ţδͷڶ󣬡Ժ㲻˵ԣҾͲ㣬òã
δ̫ˡжúˣԷҪúѧϰ
ǽһ죬ŬѧϰڶȻŬѧϰȵʱعζˣδ˵Ĳһ㶼˼ⶼˣȻ׶ûС.




ԴʶδԼ, Ϳʼ£ڼҵദʱ̲סԼʱ, µָ, ߽ѾСϲʱ, ּװʲôûͼַò
Ȼδֻǿһ, 棺רΡ
Ĳ, Щ, ֱʱ, δ޿̵İϲҪֱס, ǲ뷣ˣ
磺
ΪӶ˵ֱѶԼòΪζʲô, ζŸ鼴ӭΣ簾ҹʮƪⷽ£òչȥˡ
һʱ䣬һͬȥѧУ, ĽҴ, ǸĿڣ˸Ƿˣи, ѾǰԹˡ
һ£û, ȥԡ̶̼, ĽƺѾѧԽԽٸǷ, Ҳǹ
ôУȥ԰ɣĽһֻаСʱſü
㻹ǳСʱɣȥɣֲСò㡣µ£ܾ̾ˡ
ĽεĿǡǳԷǵƬң׼պ֪𣿡
㿴ǻպϵ𣿡Цʡ
ĽһҲǣǸǽ˼ѧУСԵ꣬˵ͷʱҪǹȥȴӵӴߴٵĵ绰
ˣȥɡѧУ䡣
Ľ̲סͷǧóԱ
ôϻʧЦɴİ˴ˣĽԥ뿪ıӰ֪ΪͻȻӿһʧ䡣
Ժֻ±ӰӻԽԽ࣬ҪӦġδ
翴̲סʣһ㶼ꣿ
ʲôģδʡ
üĺӣˣ뿪ӭ㲻ѹ𣿡
ƽӭǼܺõ£ûҪѹδƽĺӣĸŮнԶɱ£Ҿ㻹ǾϰЩ⽫
ˣҲƵĴϣһۺǰߡ
δһ£Ĭĸ˹ȥ˰һ·֮ʣҪȥԷ
ûθڡɫʱѾѹˣղֱ˵һڻһԷ
δı飬ʶԼĻˣƬ̺ҪڽͣɨһۣڿǲҪ˵
δ˲죬ĸԱߡһ·޻ĻصңһԼˣŹϺ󷢳һ졣
δڰĿĬվһ֮ߵſڣţڿ˵𣿡
⣬ƵڴϷ˸ҧűǲδĬƬֵ̣㲻˵Ҿ͵Ĭˡ
һҧס´
ҸղŻлû˵꣬δһ£Ŀ⻺Ȼʮ֮.ţһһֱߣһúö壬죬Ŭ׬ǮĸŮ޷һꡣ
һ£ۿͻȻˡ
Բ𣬸ղҴĲãʱҪһӵʲôδһ˿ԵΡ
˵ܱ꣬㰲˿Ѿߵ̫࣬ȥˣԽԽδվһƬ谵У֮˰ɣҸԺòã
˵Ƭ̣ûеȵش̾һȥˡϵΧȹ׼ʳģٶ䣬ȻǰһʱҲ󷹣ԶԶûô
δֱͦվڳ޳ָٽ走ҺҪˮʱ򣬱ͻȻһ⣬϶첲δһ£ü۷Ϻ𣿡
šڱסƵ
ඹأ
Ҳš
δĴ΢Ҫʲô
Ҫĭǵóߺֱ˵㡣
δеЦԽԽŨЩأб𣿡
Ҫһס
δһ£η˿ӡʱ֣תҪʲô
װʲôΪҲ֪Ϊ˱ܾ㣬Բһֱҵģίñˣ˵ʲôΪаȫУңҲûаȫС
û˵꣬Ҫס̧羪һһ̨ϣҪ˵㱻סˡ
ּ꣬ҵ˻ۣȴָһֿĸо̨ϣδ΢߳Щָһ죬ŵָⶼˡ
δһƽģһ棬Ҫɴֲ֪ʱĺϣԼ
鲻֪ʱʧ˿أڴϣȻѣæץסδ֣Ŀδֱһס
ȻľݣΪ̫ߣᣬ˿ȫѹϣԼˡ
΢һ£С˵ĵطδһƵҶ
ʱҶˡ
δãųһΣ岻á
һû׼áеΡ
û£ҿԵȣδĶ˵ʱĺȵģҪȵҡ
áСӦһʵʵıš
֮δ̾ϢһſҲϳˣδοС΢ûô󣬲תȥղŵ¡
ʮӺҪĭϺʵͳˣҲζﹴ˳ֲֺߵȥδˡûţδͽͣˣȥš
á
ԹԵ£ѵ˳ЩĵʣԺ󻹻𣿡
δһ£뱻𣿡
ŮҪʲôģҪʲôͲ̫ˣȻҲһҪҵ˼һ䣬ͷװԷ
δĬƬָ̣˵ļɻ̧ͷһͷһǡ
ϲ𣿡δֱ
ӵֽ˽˵ͷϲ
δǸһЦ⣬ֱˣûٶǼʱתƻ⣬Ĳɫ
ֱ֮øǰһᣬֻĽĩؼ֮󣬱ûȥѧУˡ
ÿ춼кܶҪܾʱر죬תĽµľѵͽˡ
2043917գĽѵĵڶ죬Ϳڡ
һ磬Ľ˷ܵܵǰţ˼ȥδţȻδȥˣֻˡ
Ľʲô˵Ż̲ס˸Ƿ
ĽЦ۾Ҫˣ裬ǽ쵽ˡ
ŶҲżˡȻڵļڱǸʱ࣬Ľڷ죬ѧҲࡣ
Ľ˵ͷȪҲٻˣǰҪݣҪͥۻᣬýϳԹܸǼ档
һۻᶼֵɣﲻʧЦ
ĽⲻǵȲ
һΪ˴ѧȺС飬⼸ءб
ĽƢ꣬һֱദãѶϷ񣬾һ˱ƣСΪ˼ҴŴϷƽʱԵҪҲһɨĽûδǰЩѡ
Ľ̷ôһ
ôһˣŹǷʡ
Ľ룺̸ֲֻܸһȻԽԽá
ҿ㻹̸ֻܸһľ򣬲ȻҸֵöġĿһۣŤͷߣٲҪٴңҾ㡣
ȻƮƮвԸĽ㹻ģ˯֮ǰĽ缦
ڣһ˵ƽʱûʲôֻ緹ʱ϶һ±
Ҳû뵽±ڶڡпĿ±˿
ĽһĿУͦóԵİǹŷ±ˡ
йȻǸȦһѹԽҲû·жʱУȦתʱˡ
±ȱȱδɨһۣʣԵ𣿡
Ľ±һһ£𣿡
ţˣδ˵ͣƬ̣ڣֻʣһݮĽ˹
ȳ±ι˺ðѵԣĽΡΡʡ
δǳ㲻ϲ±
ĽΪ֪е⣡
δĿ飬СɵĽ˹˳İરળԸɾˣĽԹĿĴ˸á
һ˳극ѾߵˣֵСʱ˲Ŵӷڹ԰ۼ󣬱һɨгһͬ
⳵𣿸ҪѵĥСӰԹˣҲˣһ֪ѵǿж
Ǽ鳼ֻúֲࣺܶȣﳵҲͦã͸
ǰٷ磬ܲ͸𣿡Сһ
ȪųôϻҪѾ綯ɨһ
ǴӺáС۾һʱʼѰ綯ˡ
Ȫǳ˳飺Ҵ١
٣ͷȾͦðʲôɫδĺһʡ
ȪûƢˣ࣬ϿӦǺڵİɣ㾹Ȼܿ
ǵȻ۾뵱ĳȾɻͷҶܰѸɫֱ粻޵
ĽΣܱܲҺʷˣ뵱ĻͷͺصȥԼ
һֱĳ̲סȰ㣬㲻
Ϊ鳼һֱÿĽա
鳼̱ģģúÿ
ƨСӵĿһۣƺʲôʱϴҸ˵鳼ȥѧУҵʱ򣬿ѧУһ
ӱ죡鳼ŭŽžҪ
СӷɿĵгһһߴЦһʼûҪϵʽ֮ȥˣڱǽף
ӣ
æż٣һߴδһߺʣȻȻأ
ȻҰ˵ʱ򣬷ǹʵѧУʦСӹЦ
鳼ˣҲ֪Ļߵģӣұ죡
ȪĽȳܿ׷ӡȪУʦܶ඼Ư鳼ϲҲ
ʦǸеģһͷ˼ѾˣӶ˹СӲЦǰ塣
λ۵ʵ̫࣬ȪĺĽһۣȻ֪ôӺ²ۡ
鳼ܱ§üӿٶȥ׷Сӣ˺ܿʧǰδٶȲĳ㻺׷Ľ̰ԵİЩ¸ˣóҲЦ
ȵ׷ʱСӺͼ鳼Ѿں߲ݵϹһȦ϶ǲм̱ڲƺһȻһ
ܹȥ˭Ӯˣ
ⳡսûӮҡСӲɣ
˵ͷˡ
С޿Ŀһۣүܸܲҵӣ
ˣοļ
˲ںߵĲݵϣԼĴѧС鳼һ㣬ʱʱϣü鳼ְ˼Σֱġ
ǷǷ㡣ʡ
СӺٺһЦ߳ŭӺܺ𣿡
ҵǾ㱻ͦġбһۣע⵽δϥմ࣬æһһİٸɾ
Ȫ̲ס²ۣ̫ᰡ˼һĸ𣿡
Сѣĸ
һ㶣μ鳼һŮˣ
ţѵʱʶģˣǰһ𣬱̸ǵģ뵽ͻˣ׼˵Ե֣һ㡭
㻰û˵꣬Ľסһ鳼СӾ˹㱻ӵÿЦãæģûǣģһʼ˵š
аСӣƽʱƲģû뵽ôɧȻһҵġ鳼Цſ֨ЦŴ
ȪĿһۣĬĬԱŲŲȴѣʲôʱͷУҪ̸ľˡ
Ľһͣڳû̬ʣʵǸӢ۾Ĺ£ֻӢۻŮھѵл赹ȵǸ
۾ʱ򣬾Ͷһˡ˵ţֻƬǿСҫǲǺƯ
ƬĹЦŴ󷽣üһСƤɰģҲʮ㣬һ30ǧ˵壬һġ
Ľٿһ۳ӣɵЩģӦòұɣ
ȻᣬæΪŮ˵رҡ
ǾСĽαŤŤ˵һףĻ
¾ʹ˽ҹĽϿԼʱһʱ䶼
絣ĵĴյδߣЩѿˣ鳼ǻ᲻
˵ʱķ縧δĶ䣬δ˰Ťͷһ£羪㵵ֱˡȻ˰ͺˣ˴·ҲôãԱĽһڣô͵Լ治±
¡δƺѾ͸˼
ĽŤͷʲô
û¡δ
Ľӣѣ̲סѣЩѶأǸ
˵鳼æϷô𣿡
ȻϴұǸŰֻʣһѪƤĽ⡣
ԲҲҪǽѣС֣̾鳼Ҳ໽С
磺ҹȻ̫ˡ
ںߴ˻ֱԽԽ࣬гһվȥġ
ѧУɡС顣
δѾʮһˡ
պûˣʺȥһȦСӳգһ۾
ƺÿѧڶлѧУ뷨Сһ̸ͣδȥӦˡ
ᳵ·ҵѧİǽȥҡڵĹֻ뿪˼£ȴоüһǿոµʳú˸иӡ
ΪʲôһҵѧУװޣСʮ
ڽһ䣺˭֪
ѧУһȦߵϤĹǰȫµͷ˷ǵĸо
ϴ鳼ָһ˵ָ꣬˵һǰţֻһʱ䣬̫˲ˡ
罾ĿĽһۣ԰Ǻ˲𡣡
Ľ˼ЦЦȥһŬ;úһ㡣
ǵ֡εʱ򣬳Сѡ
˿˹ȥ㿴Ǳҵı߿ɼŲȥСӿŵһλãЩźĿڣҪԵĻ϶֡
񲻿Ҳţ١鳼̵
δһۣɵЦЦǻԼɡ
ǿ϶ڣѧУпϹѧģ֣鳼һ˵һԼ֣ҵʾӰš
˹ȥſ˰һʣĸ
鳼°͵˵㡣
һ£ĸ
鳼
ĳĬ֮Сǳ鴤ʣүòǲ֪ǵְɣ
羲˾¶һ޹Цݡ
Сûס˸ۣ¶Ҫˣֶ֪
ĸЦ
סûУСظ
һֺƽƽӣùʧˡ
˭˵ģֺأڵ˺ٻáֵġСһ
粻֪ȣǫѷĵ˵ͷſ鳼鳼̾Ծԡ
ȻDD
Ҫװ֪鳼𴩡
ı죬οδͼתս𣺡Ҳְ֪ɡ
֪ԡδش
۾ڲ֪İɣ
δһ֪ڸ֪ȻСӻڰ˵϶һ֪ˣһͻţȴʵֶǲס
˭˵ģδ֪粻˵㿴δϡ
δĬһ˲ţҲ֪
磺ǲ֪װһΪǨҵӣ
δıٴΰѻϣѹˣСŲ١
ѧУһȦתֻ˱ĵطͣͣģǵͲŷֿ
һڻصʱѾ൱ƣˣһҹг£ôô÷
֡裬ȥ˯˰Ľ˸Ƿ
˯ʵĵ˵ͷͻȻ֪Ϊκ뱧뷨ͻȻǿң㶺δδƺҲ˲٣˶ӵ˲ͬʱĬ
ץסĽ֣ĽɻĿȥ裬ôˣ
Ľֻ̡˵ĸ֣ͻȻûˡ
ĽվãĻһЦų˫֣ұ𣿡
ŶĽƵ߹ȥԹԱסˣס֮ʺŵĿδ
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