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Բô࣬˷Ѳá                        
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Ҫ㲻ϲ廨Ҿ׷˰                        
лҪ˵ղǵúüѰqwqʮתղ~

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һԪѧ⣬һƱ

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ҪȻ̫ӵĴôῴϡһǴ϶صĲŻ̫ӻʶ飬Ŵô衣
ҪǰҲҲǸﾩǵĴŮ

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˿Ȧֻĸڵ̳ɵļС߽Ȧ
椼Ҫȥ͵Сã̽Ѿˣĸû
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лҪ˵߲ɹǩԼԺⱾָȥүǷӰ~

ڷƱ

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ɩӷ

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ĵĿǴȰ͵⣬Сóô£Ҫ޵ģʱɩڽһ


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ϵЦһգĵصСãʵ˵ǲúǺƭ㣿ɱЩ֪ĺƭǾǼǴӳֶŮҪسǣŽӽġ
ЩӦ裬㲻˵ҪҼ޸ˣҪǼ޸֪࣬سѵҲܸһسǣ
һЩ֪ʶ￴ˣСǲ֪ڴӵĴӳŮǱһСƭˣԲȵرָð˸ˣ˭֪ǸСس֮ȫޣδˣҪɱء
ĿɿڴӦֶΪʮֲݣеĲӣ̫޳ˡ
ͬصͷָĿ˵ĸӵֶ֪ͬΣ˼ҹŮϹũѧĻøس֮Ҳûţ˼ҹŮȴΪֻġ
ȻЩ֪ΪʮֲмȴûзҪ޸뷨
ǰֻǸͷ˸֮󣬷Ӽᶨˡ
˵ҲǸģ곤̫ҪȢĴˡ
ĿһڻûøĸԸȢ֮ǰǲҪ֪ˡ
СŮ˼һ֪ԣС˵ʵĸ˺ƭ㣿
ĸϽҡͷص裬μҰˡ
׷ʵ˼׿ŵصָ˵ʲôˣͷӣȥôˣҲҵΣҽһúòá
Ĳͬҡͷ裬ֿʿΪ˹ģµ֪һֱ͸ˣ˵ͥɣӺء
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룬÷һ̵ĽѵԺҪŵͷˡ
һתԼҹŮĵܿ⡣
ģа취֪

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һֿϱ˸һ̲ס÷£ֵüﲻ
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һ򲻲ϴ϶ļ£ζǼòУǺϱ׺ģǵƤСһѡ
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ðɣеĲϣǿɫɫһЩ
ۻԱĲͷɫ߲ǮһŲƱ
ҲۻԱĸ䣬ò֮ȥڵվ˼档
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

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һţϣͱȫסˡ
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Ҳһʱ䷢ġ
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·ɩС࿴֮ΪֺСӰԭġ
Сպܺãȹ㹻Եñ¶ȫĵϸ¶Բ촦¶µǣļˮģԶԶһǳĻǶһˡ
ĲͣԼϵĿЩã⣬ϵıȴˡ
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˵Ȼ˵ܣɣ𣬾һϲص֮ǰͷӵսѸдţ˵ǰᵽسסʮɩӣпմŹŮŴܴܡ
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˵ôУֲ̽Ҫռ˼ұ˵ģŶս鲻ȥ̽
⻰˵Ȼƫƫôòš
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ȻͼֵҲС̫ϲˣսѷҪСõɹŮֲ˼ͬ־ĺ⣬ͬˡ
ⶼսͬ־ϸɹŮСõƶƲԼҪһսѣĴԼŮжϲ
ţϵⷬĽ̾ؿġ
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ԭĵҲʼȢĵס
ĵͷװߣܵԱϵĿ⣬ϲ̵ģ޲ٶ䡣
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ļ꿴һƿĿ⣬廹Աƣһµؿ˿ʮ׿ĳӺ硣
Ǵӣ
ϲҲ֪û׽һ㡣
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ţŮŵһŴŮ㣬ǶԷһġ
ԼִвԾʶʲôʱɫ࣬޲̽ϵŮ˦ϡ
ţϵ˵ø࣬ŭϵŮ
ѹ͵͸һҧгݡ
òУϽŵֱ
û뵽ֽᷢӴȻֱΪҪƵġ
ĲðʶԷˣҪЩʲôֿȻһɲ鷢Ķȴĵغˡ
ȺӵƨɻҪ졣
һ̲ס͡͡Ц˳



ⲻЦãһЦɫѿˣϵĿ޲ýһ
֪߳ŭˣЦݡ
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Ҫǰ䣬ͷǰ͹ˣȴƽأ۵
ĿʼѹνֽЩطҵһ򵥣ڵҲĳķӡ
ķɢ˼άԱߵĸȻĿбӣҲ⿴ԷĶָڵҪֲڵĸܡ
·̣۾·棬ʱ̾ԱߵŮֹʼʩ
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ɵؿ˸һۣһм䣬Ů
һ˿ûΣţ˵Ŀⶼ˸ϡ
еĸ˿˿Ľεֿ˿һּģ򸵽Ŀⶼ͸¶ͬ顣
һƭСӣȻñ£ĸɲǺǵİ
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ûǱߴ֣ʱʱĹĲõĻӡ
ڸȤǾȻֿСˡ
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յǰЦСãҲȥسˣ
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һСþȻ˶ôнͶ֮ȻйŴҹӰӣҪȷԼǳպҪΪԼֻþˡ
̬ȣĲİϾǰû޸̫֮ǰЩҹҲǿڵ֮ӶƲˡ
ʹ޽֮ȻЩƲݵѫӵܣ˶̫ӵӣ˽µϷ
ЩҵϷ˶ûк³ˣ̫֪˸ͶˣԷ׵󵽻ʵǰ̲
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ȴûĵ䵭Сã֪ԺжᣬҪ𣿡




˵Ƕ齻ᣬʵǲձݡ
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齻ᣬΪǹŴֹŪŻ֮࣬˵ȥµģ͵ͷӦˡ
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ߺıӰЦˣ°ͿʼƻñʲôСñ޵
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ǸŮ˵ҰĴ㣬֪ͬã㶼ûŹ

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ðʰľͱסˡ
˹ŮһۣȻصã˵С˸ףǰսѣսдŸô˵ֲʶ֣Ҫ֪˸Ҳð
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걻ӣɫЩѿ˵Ҳˣãɲô㣬СõŶ飬ϵϵ𣿡
üϵͳ֮⣬ǵڶ̭Ļˮƽߵġ


ͬ

⻰ɰŭˡ
ɩҪӣ˵ģƫƫ̬ŵı˭Ҫߡ
ǰ沵һͥɵͷӳҪꣿ
СþֻСѧҲûãɩ㻹İɣսֲϸɹŮˡûص
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ҵĳӣԺǼ̳ģҪǽܸսѣýлξԺ󽨻Ϣˣʱ򻹲մ⡣
˴ⷬǿʶĻֱĿˡ
˵ʮֳõ򽨻ȴ֪簮ֵز
ΪȡģĻûôԾȴû뵽Ϊ򽨻
Ļõֺģҡҡͷ򽨻ҪóӣҲ룬Ȼõȥϸס
Ȼֻġ
ĿȻԷۿίغˣĿǨŭػصһۣԹĿƺΪ¸ˡ
ֱӷˣ˼ŮŮĸα⻰һҲûС
ź껹Ҫ̽Ϣɴ಻ؽ˳ȥһأԺӶ徻ˡ
һߣڵֵ˳裬Сãǻˣ
䲻Ĵӵֱۣ֪㣬ﶼҪ۸ͷˣľͷ֪æ
ʵҲ㣬ǰæĶڡ
飬ʹԼϸһ£ЦشյǰСã۸ɵʲôɩûзݣ
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һԼϤĶ֪Ҫ㣬䶼Աһܣȴûɰơ
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ôˣɴϱһӣͣЪϢ
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С򴽽ǣ˼ǿҪͣŸǰġ
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ҵϱ϶ҧҧӲͷƤǰ裬ͶǶ뺢ˣںӷϣ÷ؼҰɡ
˵ţֿģСã֪ɩǸ첻ߵģдɩƽϣɩǸ
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񶼻ǵʱ򴨺۾Ѳܵ龰
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ЩȻԶɩĴˣɩ۸ˣȴƫɩ
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أ
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򴨱˵£һЦ
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ֱ˦ºݻˣҪôּңԺܸģҪôű֤ԺҲüǮƲСӣҪȻҳסˡ
ҽ÷ԭ˵˵֪зּҵͷһȡ
Ը첲ϱյ϶ƽúܡ
϶ϱѹֲһˡ
ȫ˵棬¨Ķȫ˳
⣬ʮټ߲ϣϡ
򽭵˶ɴ۾ĩʱлô⡣
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˼Ҵӻ˵ˣǽСõ׹ŮģΪ˲СãԺ󶼻Ǽʳ
˵꣬СǰС޸ôˣҲͻعҡ϶ϱһֱԹҲƽ𣬼ȻˣҲȥ̽̽׼ҡ
۶գؽһʮ˳ݸСۼұȲ϶ϱ㣬ҲûȥТ׼ҡ
ĶЩҿɫˡ
֪ɩͶɩͬһӣһھӣر
÷СܸҲǿСĺ޸ʱ򣬲ѹԼͷϡ
뵽ôһ졣
ǰĶֻĬĬͬˡ
֪ǳԿӣζɩҪһδѵˡ




ܲ˶ֹĿ⣬֮󣬸ɴżֶֶŮȥ֪Ժݡ
磬֪Ժֻɢɢżˡ
۾֪ĽһֽͷдʣĽʱǡת
һİƯƤĽ˳ˣ֧֧صͬ־
⻹ǵһ˵һκͬ־Ͼӵ˶ϰߺСҲ࿴Ľһۣ˭֪Է޴ˡ
һ֪ԺͷˣĽܾȻǽǣŨüһԷ󣬻صһۡ
תĵʱȴòˣСããȻǵһݣһ۽硣
㶼ƻˣŮһ㶼ݾˣȻݾȭһܽСԵġ
ǰͷӽӺݺһʱ䣬ҪȻûʲôõóֵġ
ڵʵʵĽҪĻղŻ˵û׼ãһչʾգ˭֪ôͱˡ
ϧĽʵˣȻʧ䣬ȴҲҺӰԵŸ ԼдʫĬĬת
߳Ů֪ķǡɿһĻһ˱ȻģȻĽܣ֪ϲģ
Ľܱ⻰ŵһŵؿһķȷûһ
ʵҡҡͷ֮ģ˽ֻ֮ͬ־ƵĹ
ٶ⻰ÿɷǵĽܵһʱ򣬻̾ؽΪֻ֪һȴû˿ںĴþͷǳϲˡ
ԭ˶ǿĵô
ͻȻ֪ķӦȻվڽֻǿһ۾ͿٵƿĿ⣬òС
ȻҲֻǸ㻹Ժõ˲µѡ
ٿһģ⣬ôԸ

֪Ժ˵ʱ⴩һ̾װһžͦεСվԺм䣬ںƣʼұݾȭ
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֪೤úÿ
ȭڴ˵ͦϡģرһЩС￴վȺм㣬˷ܵغѹͬ˽
ǱСֶŮЩʧƿĿ⡣
һ׻ŮãȻĸ̫ȥԣʶ𺳾ʵĳ棬Ȼ֮¾Ķˡ
ҪҸӰȴ֪Ժͷ̫ˣټµĵƻ谵ĵһʱûҵĶ
ڽĽ»ûôġ
Ľܵʶʫûôܻӭ֮⣬֪Ȼû׼ĿĹҲһһ׵ġ
ĽԣЩ֪඼ԳûлȥʱĽĳ
ȼ֪ݵòʱ򣬼Ů֪෢־ʣ¸ûݣˣЦ֪࣬ٴôãôһס
԰ֻ֪֪࣬ʣûˣ㲻Ǻ߰ɣõģ㴵ҲᵱЦģؼЦ

ӵһЩ˶ȽƽͰ٩ˣмܲסǵ顣
ԭվڽĸû뵽ᱻ˸Ѽϼܡ
ȻϤУֻһûˣȴʮûִѩµĶ
Ҳֻо֮飬֪Լֶɣʶ˼ն
Ҫܾҵ壬ڶĿϷĿ⣬ó˿ڴĿ١
ٱ걣úܺãʹ˺ü꣬Ȼµһ޳ָסõľһƷ
ĿרעؿˣͬӺݻ̫ӣĸȻɬȴִר
Ĳɺ棬̫ʱ᲻Ҳģģϧ޽ʱ̫ѾǶʮˣȻƢºͣĻȴ˺¡
ʹ̫ٳ谮ҲҶȫġ
괵֪Ƕաɽһ־סȫ˵ע⡣
ԭֺ֪һӰˡ
ɽZܿѧȺзһɫΰĺ졢裬աϴ𣬵ԵЩʱˡ
֪˭Ҳû飬˵ⲻһӣѪഺ᲻һ֡
ڴҳʱһŮʼŸ
ᵴڻƻˮϣĺɫĹԶŹ⡭
ٳǶȻ֪ʲô˼вŮòĬģ һۣԵζʮŨء
ԭԸ걧лĹһⳡ̲סصԭ֪ϲĻŮӰ
겻ϲü٣ѯʵ˼ԡ
ٴһЦʾֻԶΪ
һʼĻýζϾҲʲô˼
ɵǸŮ֪Ÿüȥʱ򣬾;òԾˡ
ƫƫԱߵ鲻⣬ö׸ʲô˼𣿡




ãģм׸һװ裬һŮԼɽ¡Ľֲûн¶Ů˹ѡ˭
Ǹʵʵ˻Ҫ֪֮á
֪ϲ꣬ûģ˵һûĻĴñȲ˼һ˵ԸļҲȢһˣ˼ҿ˵ũ顣
Ŀ˵йڵŮ֪ôôĸԭǹġ
ȻǱ˦һ
ĿⶢЩ°͸߰صô߳ŭˣѵ˵ĲԣҪһеģѡһѧԼޣҪһԼȵĻƿ
ֳ_ĶĲİЩܳŮˣҲδ̫޽֮ʧ
˵㲻һеġޱص
ûĵ߳ŭȴһûͷûԵĻͷˮ˵ʲôǲеʲôϵ
ָָ٣ָԼ˵ͷɲŮòѵҲȷٸƯҪ˵ɲŮòһԣҲҺ͸ʡ
һҭ˵ǰŮ̫ҪɶĽξµ޷
ȻûɸʤʺãòһȣҲֻˡ
˵ˡľӸµؿҿԼϲ꣬ȴ˼ңҴڸаɡ
һȡҵųʲôЦҡٺô˵
߳ŭָģ㡭
ĿɫǺ죬غһǰڵĸ۵լɲģôûŮ
ֵڿȺеŮʱ˲䵴Ȼ޴档
Ȼ˾ϹģǸŮ˵Ļû
򴽣ûٿȥֶӻؼҡ
СԣŲԸߣĵһۣԹԵظˡ
Ĳ֪ǣ뿪ͣࡣ
δ꣬ⲻǻûôˣ
Ҳͬؿ򸵽ꡣ
국ص̫ûˡ
ٲţҲǶֵģղǴģ
һ֪Ժſڷ˼

һͷǰ棬СβͿŹùõıӰѹ˽
Сúúõôˣͷص
ͷŵĶˣһŮ۸Сã˵Сϲ˲ϲСá
סСȭͷȥСñȥ
Ķ侲õܵԴŮ˼Դף˲Ҫ֡
ͷͬصͷġ
ǰżС˽ͻȻͣס˽Ų
СһסС죬һʲôû˵ģ
ؿһ۴ܵܣⲻǴ˵
ĶżСĺһűһ仰˵СúÿǸŮ˺ÿ
СĻһۣĬʮС
ıϲǸŮˣϲСã
ȻСáһĬĻش
ˣ˵С˵ѣǸŮ˺ÿˣֻҪϹѡȥѡһŮˡ
ʲôѧʲô˲ģǸŮ˹ѧͣŲϵΪأ
ҪǸŮ˵Ըˡ
ϱ۾ڴʱȴʧˡ
ǰս㼵ǰҫжŮרؽĹ
Ůֻ͸ͷӵߣѧĶź˵H͸ĸһ
ʱ˵ս裬֮ȴ͵͵ˡ
֮ľͽ֪صᣬǸ˵֪ؼҽסıӡ
ȻӲ֪΢˽ð鰸̫ӡ
Ժ󣬵սٿ϶öš
û뵽һ죬ֱ˵泰ЦûĻˡ
ﷳ꣬ڴϷȥɴ͵ƣóα֡
ϵͳοصһż⵽Ͻֵڱˡ
Ķſαϵ֣ϵͳ˵Ҵ𣿡
ϵͳʵӿǰʮϽֵȴŵ
֣ûʣˡ
룬ȻôԴѧôֻԸѧ
Ȼں˳ЦĻˮƽͣҲܸ˰׳Цǡ
ǵЩ˱žž
лҪ˵ķ˾ˣĳ˱Żףһһף˯

һ¸̫ˣʮһ£ɣǵצһȡ

һг

ڶһ磬ճ򿪼׸ףֽ⼦֮⣬ȻһŲƱ
²ÿ¶쵽ƱũҪƱʳվ߳˻һƥ֮󣬾˼ʣһŲƱ
˷ܵС㿴զ뵽ͲƱˡ
ĸո𴲣ϻ˯⣬ͱ˹
Ȼ֪׸ĶĻװһԾģ裬϶ǰ֪ˣһŲƱ㣬Ҳܴһ·
Щ˼ˣϷˣҲǵģʱһϲܲƱ
ˣҲֻϹ˵û뵽ʱͦġ
Ȼǰ͸ģҲ·
ҡͷֲ˷ѲƱҿⲼƱոպãٸƥȹӣȥˣ·ŴҲǳ˿ˡ
һ£裬ʲôס
Լ̫ˣȻǰ¸߹Ůˡ
Цҵ䲻Ǽ޵˳պû̽ף֪˸ף˵ʶһСӣҲ£ٳҲ
֮ǰһֻΪӦʳû뵽ô
ǰȻҲ˵ҪѹŮ޽ȴҲ֪ЩƵũĹ
ȢũϱûгеĻں͹ûйӦǾǰһˣͨļͥѹɲһĴ
뵽Ů飬͵ĲУȻŮдģ׸ϣԵˡ
ҲԶӡеȷǻ㸻һңΪи޵ĹŮҲʮֳ
ֻҪûǴĻԼҲǸʱܵôûֵ
ȻԼòţҲ֪Ҫ޵жѡ
ô붼֣ѾҪ޵ˣڼ޵Ҳûôˡ
裬ǿϵֻǼϵĸףֲǿңҪԺ֪ƭ᲻۸ҡ
Ҫ֪µſɲһԶϱôõġ
һˮ£˷ʧ˴롣
뵽ԼͶϱ֮ìܣ뵽ԺԼұŮҲᱻ۸һٸԸ⡣
׾ôˣȻˣȻľôû˸Ů
ĳû裬ѧԸףҲֻǿаսһͷҲֽ֪סֻԿ϶סһӵġ
ˣ翿Լ㲻Ϊ˳влȥ﹤֮ż޸ڵɷ򡣡
ȻֹŮôˣҪ֪ĴСͰ͵һ۹Ů˵Ҫ飬ûôԥͬˡ
Сѧҵ֮ûٶУѧǱ߿ܲգĥֻ򰮹

򰮹ĵ⣬Щطеĺ̸ˣСѧ
ĵͷǵĴ󲮣ѧ
򰮹ΪѵüĳɼУ²Ըա
ˣϵһӼϣ磬СϽģ󲮵ѵΪһЩѾѡС֪˸öѹҪŵĻСõҲѧˡ
εس˳֡
ŹŮգգۣʾĶġ
һ׵ܵܣ򰮹ͷۣҵʱ䣬Һ͹У˵ϻܲ˵ͨСòࡣ
ļΪѣ͵󲮣ʵڵˮƽȥУҲ˽ȡҿȥСѧ꼶ͨԿϳС
򰮹̧ͷһֶŮŷֲżûֶŮ̥ǵĸо
˼ǴȥӶСѧ
ҡͷ󲮣˵ǰҲСѧģֻǺͣˡû°ӵĺҲлѧä
ƳһΪ⣬ҪָϽһ䣺Ҳʮ˰ɣͲ̫˷ˣϾСʹ
еķֱ˻ȥһԺ沣Ķӣôȷ̫˷ˡ
ԺӵϹˣӵء
򰮹ˣ뷨Ǻ͸֪һ
ȥسǵ·ϸպؿСѧĽ飬Ľͺ˵ѧҪ֪ûʲôҪ̸ˡ
ѧϰֶŮ֪ѧҪԣ򰮹һԼ簮ͷСӣĥСѧȷӦÿˡ
ȥϢɣѾ͹ˣȹʾӵСѧܿѧˡ
ֱ߳󲮼ңĶЩزô򵥵ذ쵽ˣΪꣿ
ߺϢ򰮹ǰ飬֣Ҳѧ
û򰮹ӦԱߵĺͲصʲôѧ㶼ʮˣ͵ĹҲҸ˼ˣСһѧͲ±Ц㣿
ίغ۾ĻѾʮˣǼѧ¶ʲô
֪˵ͨͿ򰮹֣Ҳ׹Ůɲƫġ
򰮹һۻҪԵӣȻУҪСѧѧˣͺСһѧýûܻӦš
ĿĴﵽˣҲȥ֣ŲֱŮһѧ
Ļ֪ΪĲ֣ҲҪһ𵱲
Ըظ㶨ѧһ£Ļȥ·ϣֵͦģһȺСƨ˳֪Ժܡ
ĺһСëܵô죬ȥĶ
ëͣԼСĹùãʵʵش֪һ̨гƯˡĹùãҲҪȥ𣿡
гļ䣬֪һֱҪȽĽͨߡ
һгĵһ뷨Ժǲţˣ




ȥ֪Ժʱǡϸһг֪ͣԺſڡ
ῡ˺һոƯгӹǷǳ˾ͲذΧŸ̲꣬ס࿴˼ۡ
֪࣬гƯҪöǮɣ
֪࣬г𣿡
ΧŸ֨֨ѯʣҲģ򵥵ػشˡ
ֻ䣬شҲԼ࣬۲гҲ˼ڽ
Ƿվڸǰ󷽵ص֪࣬㻹гƱҲһгҿƱ㻻
꿴һЦķ٣ϴһ룬˼ֻһгƱ
ܾˣҲʧǵгǰسǿԽг𣿡
˵ͷûܾ
ЦŨˣлл㣬֪ࡣֻҲг𣿡
Ůװ׵ģҪһһòѵŮĽҪܾҲҪԥ֣ƫƫûٵһԥؾܾҳУҪѧĻ˽㡣
ʧ˻Թˡ
ȻûӦ̷٣ɿͲӦˣüȥӣ
Ů˶̫ˣʲôѧгҪ˲Ŀġ
վȺ⣬Ҫ̽ǸŮԶԶģֹ˼ˡ
ϴţʱͷ˲ϲǰܣȻĺ޲ڸıǩŮ˶ȴҲִ֪硣
תתһ۸г⡣
гԴҵջܴΧãŲȥ
꽫гźã߳Ժӣͱסˡ
꿴ǰŮˣͷˡ
ƫƫȴû˵ɫһЦӯӯص֪࣬㻹ǵ컹һţ
Ĳţãһᣬɫˡ
ʲô£겻ŮΪߣֱʵ
һҭ︹ǲ֪飬ϵЦȴԽҺгȴһֱҲ˽ңûг
ղҴгҪԺгҪԸ̣ҿԸѧѡ
ʮֶ죬귴ӦղŷҲڨġ
ؿһģŮ˴ڨϮ˵ɣʲôŲһûĿġ
Ҫ»صȻǹ֪ҵⰡ
Ͳˣһ˵ǰ˻޶ 
ҴˣҲгҽڣֱӾܾ
ϵЦЩҲסľܾǳЦղŵһ
ίصղſɲô˵ģ㶼ԸгǸŮѧΪʲôԸң
ĸȲǸŮˣԷ̬ôãȴô顣
ʶƺһֱ̬ȶǳĮ
İ˼⣬ûʲôǰ˲ϲҲôζΣҪ˶޷˵Լ
˫޹ίۣһʱԡ
ǰŮƺܶòֻ¶һί޷Ӳ
ǰʶǰŮ˵ٺͽթҲҪƻˡ
ԭҪֱӾܾѿڶʱȴ˽ͣˣҸղŲûдӦٵ󡣡
г̫ˣΪһʱģӡ
ȻĽ͸ɰͰ͵ģ٣ĻǻشĻ˺⡣
ڽ̵
һ򶮵õôߣЦӯӯ򸵽߽һҪܲ˾׵гǲǾʹӦѧ
ۼüͷҪܾģ֪࣬㲻ԸңǲƲң
֮ǰ󲮺˵֪Ϊ˽ũ壬ũͬ־ģڵΪûжҺͷ֪һͬʡ
֪ܸ࣬ңˣŻôң
֪ǰŮ˵ίݳ˵ģȴƫƫû취
󸵽걻Ĳ÷ʤֵ֪Ժ߳ᷢǣɴӦˡ
ȴҪı֤гǮƱǿԼ׬ģ֡
ĿĴɣ̬ȺõĲУۿҪͷˣʮָɴˡ
ڶԷŲأҲ˵ѣȴ֪ϵͳæ
ϵͳһгҪǮ뿪֪Ժ֮󣬲ŷӦгļ۸ˡ
ϵͳ˽ʱıܿʹҪǸһӵгҪһٰʮ飬ҪǱһģҪһ塣
ģ
ָ۸һëǮһгļ۸ͬٶ⡣
Ϊûѧϵͳõ˽ҲֻһʳǮлõ
ٶȣҪһг
ĵһοʼеڴСѧѧˣа취׬Ǯˡ
򰮹Ҳûĵȶãһ֮󣬹ʾҲˡ
򰮹ù㲥ԱǶټڴӲǰĹ㳡ǰ˵ҪԱһҪ顣
ȥ㳡ʱ̨Ϸһųӵļ쵼棬ǽúͿš
Ϊǣӵ쵼ȻҲ档
ȻеĲֹһˣС㳡˶۷׷ף⸵֪ôϯ̨ϣƻͦ˵ġ
ΪϱȽ֪࣬ƫҲ̲סֹ⸵֪滹ͦģġ
ͬص˵ͷȻᣬȴݲȣ󲮻Ҫơ
ˣ򰮹ʾҶ
ͬ־ǣ콫ټһһҪҪ
ڽ֮ǰҪ︵֪Ϊľϯͬ־˵֪ʶũǴΪģ֪ΪӺӵĽ⣬ʡͶһƪ¡
븵֪һƪ¡


ϵͳ

ڴһƬ֮£ظҶͶ£_ϯͬ־йѧ˵ǵģҲǵģ׻ǵġǵ꣬죬һûнĹǿµġ
̨٩٩̸µ֪鿪ʼ
Ƕ֪ƪ±ζʲô
ڵӰСѧʦļ֪࣬칤ʣòɱһյۻǿ
ڣӵͶ嵽ʡʡӣ˵Ҳлᵱʦˡ
Ȼȸ֮򰮹ֹ׼ؿСѧľ
СѧʦƸÿԷʽ¼ȡ˳¼ȡʽƣʱʦܹʱһʱ֮ձֿǷתΪʽ
򰮹һµԱǶ۷׷
˲࣬äǶ֪ʦģʶ֪ǡ
ΪƪͶʡ¸ˣҲûԡ
Ȼûʲô飬ȴҲֵ֪ĺôȻɢ֮󣬶ҪüСȥѧ
ڼĹûˣһͶ˵һ˵Ĺ֣Ҫӵġ
򰮹ݱֽĸˣǡõһš
Ҳָ֣űֵİ˸ĵŮô
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⣬µӰϵͳܼ֮ҲۻΪƸŬʵֹͬԣ
صϵͳҵˮƽѾﵽʡͶĸ߶𣿡
ϵͳʧǳɹ֮ĸ벻Ҫ׷
ĸˣҲ˵˵ϵͳһﻹһʧܡ
Ͷôѣ
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ĲһдôɬֽĿƵֽĽ䣬ȻطֽﾹȻһƪ¡
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Ѹż۸ѹȣļ޵ھжˣ˲ɵúѸ֮Ľ֡
ֶƪС˵ĹпĻӣЩʵĹ£ƪС˵̫·ġŮܶ족˼룬صʡϵĹ£ýָͷܲµ϶Ľ֡
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ǻУŮ˹ηţָͬܵⲻѡ
ֽ༭ǸͷԴ˲ţǵŻд棬˲뵽ȥеȤζԣֲ͸᲻ģĶ֮󣬶ҪԸŮ˹滮ʸС
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Ĳ˵ַӳ⽨˼ľͦóģϾǴǸʱʱյġ
ıȤǰϲӣϧ֮һС˵ҲûöĵöҪˡ
˵ɾ͸ɣűֽؼңˢˢˢؽԼд¡
дһֹ´پȻǺ̫йء
ҧҧﲻζԭʴҪдԼ֣Ҳĳ̫ӸȡС֣ѡ
δ롣
ѣҲ

ɩ

ɽӵӺϲɵģĶɩ÷Ҿڸڴ壬ԼҲˣ֮ǰڻϻͶ˺üĿ⣬ϧˡ
ԭΪɩ˻뿪ˣ˭֪Է˵Ȱϱӻ
ĸдһҳӣ߳䣬һİŮ˵˵С÷ˣ㵱ŵĽ̵һҲӦõģΪ˹Ůϱھóˣɵˣǿ
˵Ȣϱﴵ߷ɲǸǵģ㽫϶ϱϻôˣͲ϶Ǻġ
ͬԷĻŮԭʹɤ˼֣Ǻɸ֣ôôᣡŮóȥˮҪ޵ģˣѵŮ㣿
βᶨ˭˵ŮͲˣ͹ŮȥСѧԺҪУУټСɰֳСóҪ޽ģʱһܸСýȸǼТǿ
˲ţɵصСôТ˳˻ܽӽ
صǵȻСТ˳ˡ
βûˣֻ㬵ȥ
ĵߺ󣬲߽ݣ裬ղˣ
صСϹ˵ɩҼˣ˵͡
ߣŵȥأ
ԭᱻϱѹ£ڿϵɩôôҲˡ
ʵϵȷĲһ̽Ŀڷ磬֪׼ҲԸ˲ԼɩӾɫÿˡ
ԼҴɩһۿ÷ص÷ҲɩҪ˵㣬ļҹŮ֮һˣƢġҿõˣͬ沣ҹŮһô͵
㿴ļſöϱӼҵģ
Сؼ֮ǰһҪ԰һ㣬ӦԼá
СĻһߵΪ񣬹ԼҴŲ˵ͬСżҹĺӣӣ˶ڿԼҵЦˡ
ԼҶɩҲԱ߸͵ǰ÷ƢҲ̫ˡ˵СһͷĸףҪĶ㲻ʹ򴨺飬ѵ㻹Ͷϱ
ԼҶһԳĬţҲŮ˵
÷ԮһԶĸɩίòУǴɩ˵Ҫż۸ˣܻؼסô⼸죬Ͳˡ
ԼҴɩ˸ۣ죬ⶼˣһÿҪԶԼҸ㣬Ҳôĵġ
ԼҴɩ֪ԵС˵ͨɴŴӵ֣Źŵ裬㿴С綼ˣôȥС綼ҪǺϡˡ
Ǵ˰˶Сǿڳʱܸս
ңһСȥСѧ飬Ҫ׼ҶǲôӳСô죿
˵СӴͷӵӣͳһȣŮίҲʲôˡ
Լϵú̸ӣ÷㡣
÷û˵ͷĨᣬôżǱûӦʵԼҲˣ׵ˣ˳ˡ
ڶһ磬÷Զ͸ϵҡ
Զʱһڳ͡
ΪĵԭȱľǼˡ
ҼһȱҪǲµ׬֣ɴͶʡˡ
ԶȴҵķϾȻźüˮ󵰣һӳݫ÷˸ɣŨࡣ
Ҫ֪ԼҶûݳ޵ü͵ģԶ֮¶˺üۣͷÿݵСǳ˼ָԱߵСֶŮԡ
򴨼ˣվ磬ôˣ÷أ
ε˼ۣûˣʧòС
ûϢ϶һۣضԶûӢȥöһ
ԶվӢ׼ҲÿˣҾ˵һϢġ
ĵҪֻ÷ԸżˣɲֵʲôϢ
ûʲôӦԶڨڨһЦȻ򴨣ϲ÷ˣ÷ˣҪˡ
÷ˣɵˣڵվ
Ӧ֮εؿ
ֹһôˣ
÷ٴҲװУϾʮ»̥Ҫġ
һ۰Ͱ͵ɵӣ󷢴ȱصˣ֪ϱãӻͽӻѵģΪһиɣ
򴨸˵ЦȻǣ˭֪ˡ
ɲԶһףҪϱԸҲŵһͨ飬ҪӶС
Զö亹ˣϽᣬ÷һʱˣʵͶˡ
лҪ˵Ѿͱ༭Vззҵ֧֣ʱŻϸ£һŬܴµġ



Ϊеԭ򣬱򴨽ӻؼҵ÷ȻŰһ㣬Ҳβϵĵ⡣
˵Ҳã÷ԭԺԴˣ˭ͻȻˣһ㣬ŷѾһûˡ
öϱΣ÷ˮˣǻˣõôţĶ֪ģΪѾ߸ˡ
÷ڨڨط·֣͵裬Ҳǽҵӣ˵ˣסͻȻϲˣ̥϶Ǹкˡ
˵ţֺõؿģСòһϲӣ֮󣬾Сøȡһ֡
üɩͻȻͨζȻֺͨˡ
Ȼ÷⻰ɫÿһ£Ȼ˺ӣԺ͸϶úùӣ𶯲ˣӻҡ
ѵһϱ˳ص˵ͷȻСɩУԺһˮ󵰡
Сɵص˵ͷһûּңϱܸպֵˡ
÷һֻһϰ˵ĳô࣬뵽У˲
һֱڹ۲ɩôҲͦģϾɩ֮У÷Ƚϡ
÷ȻŵѹһʱȥСӵ鷳ƺλܵﶼ˴ɩͷϡ
֮ǰѵ˶ʼͷˡ
ǰ÷ֻһӶôʮؾԼǸӣӢûôˣʱʱش䡣
ӢɵԷˣȻӦòУҲֻˡ
򴨿ˣڷѵһ÷Ű
ɩαͷ꼰ϣֻؿϷʱͽĸɫˡ
˸ʱ䣬ӵţȥʵּĸ
ֵһǣΪʡͶ廹һ£ӴһͶ峱ر֪Ժ֪࣬ԾԾԣԼĸҲܵʡϾһܳĴûᡣ
ɺϵأʵǰͿ˼ˡ
ԷҲһʱ䷢ġ
صӴȻҲͶˣСѧĻˮƽд㲻Ϊһƪ¾СͿѻɣ
ͬеĻзٺ㼸ˡ
ֻ΢Цվһԣûвͽȥ˼
ȻҲСô磬˻̵úܣϵƾʲô
ҿСôɰһƬ֮ģдֻܱʳªǿ
֪Ժ˶֪ƽȻЦģ춾һҲмܲˣټͷ˸֪꣬Ժ˻û˭
ֻƽڼŮӼƽϣټȻһЩɳҲ֣˭֪ôӡ
߳ŭ۾ˣҺƽϣͽϣʲô֮ģûĻˣдĶҲͶͯѧı༭Ը⿴
Ĵڴϳֵģֻøɵó
ֻĲƽϣȴԸϢˣվʵſڵסȥ
üѵԱߵķپվУˡѧûиߵ͹ֵ֮ģедѩеóдˣҸˡҲΪƫֹͬ־顣
Ŀһ۷٣ֱֱȥʵ᷽٣˶Էӽ֮⣬оǶԷϤΪ˴
Զߣ˵ȴӵĴҹ㣬ϲˡ
߽٣֪⻰˼Ҳдʲôõ£
ƺЩĶĵ⣬ЦЦСˣҲû˼
һ֪໹Ǻͬ־ãϵûô׽
΢ЦŲ˵ĵĿݵǿµĺӡ
Աߵˣ˵٣ҲúˣЩ˿ɲĺġ 
ӶرҲˣˣҪдĸĵʡΣ
𼤣ҪܵʡҾ͵˵Ǹֻ𣿡
ģ⻰˵ģǸ̫ˣ㻹Ҫ⳥ҵʧҵ±ʡãǾ͵ʮǮ
أҪģʲôЦһ
ҿԴӦκһ ڲΥ·ɵķΧ֮ڡ
뵽иӳ󲮣ˬشӦ 
Ҫسǣǰû·ȻҪӦˡ
ͲˣСѧĻˮƽʡ༭ܲ¡
ڷûܾҲûӦľ͵Ĭˡ
֮Ҳûٹ⵲ģ˳ؽӼļˡ
һֱûߣǸģСãʵ㲻öǸĵģ𿴽ͶôɣΪһã趼ǿѧңүүǡ
˵˵Ķ㼰ʱظĿڣүүҲǸһӶ֪ʶӡǼһСԶǵһǶѾϰǼһɳʲôϵˡ
Ļǵһڸ飬ѹôԭãҲμ⡣
лҪ˵ƼߵԤġɷɵĺ¹⡷ղءл֧֣
İ:
ʢ͹ַˣΪ˱۽дһѪܲ档
У½־껹ĸԸƧ
Ůףò鷴ɣ̸һУ԰֮ȴַ飬_⡣
ȴ֪ǧ׸Ķ
ʢԽ죬øŮ佫ӵĳ
Ϸ̳ӣʢŮͷĽ֣һ£ίغ۾д̫ˣдһ飡
ֵ½

׿

Ҳһ䣿Ŀ㡣
Щ֪ô˵ŲСõ, ʵҪȻͯѧͶ壬Ȼʡ, ˱ֽ, ʱǲ˾ˡ
ңҪǵʱ, ʵҿ԰, Ͼڳ֤
ı㶺Цˣû뵽ķҪ, ҪҪˣ濼ǹˡ
Ȼ, ǰˡ
ûע⵽Ҹղŷӣ
Щͷ, Ͷ忴, ֲͶ, ༭ѵܴѡһ
, ֻЦЦûиʡ
дһݸҲб޻, Ͼһ, ŷʷѶҪһǮҪͶûãǺܿ
֮ǰʱ⽫ǰ̫ɵһθд
̫ȥ»֮󣬿Ժ˯ûûεӣû˵ʲô, ȴҪдһƪǴ¡
ĶʲôīˮȻдĹƨ̫ͨҲӷÿලָģĥͷˣŷŹ
ȻƪЩֻ̫СҼң̫֣֮ҲһǴƪ»õ̫ʦĳޡ
Ȼɵɣ˭ƫƫײ
СʮģΪżľûʲôʶžԼдºãʡддеġ
ϧģһҲñ׾ˣûзӣ֪Ժ֮󣬻ǵ¡
꣬ûмͶĴ㡣ϸ꣬ѹص
飬Ļ̧ͷ ˵ɣִôֺġ
ЩȻֹһô𡱣ͺٺһЦ֮ǰʵǰĺ˵Ĵĺг|
ԽüͷԽҵ
ҡͷͬص:ֻҵ뷨Сõ顣꣬ôƫ̫ôһ˵ƶҵġ
ͬ־Ҿ˼Ⱑ淴ʡԼûеûзȨô׵ͻһͬ־Ǹ֪ʶ
һ˵ͬ־ǰˣͲ˼ڸˣΪƫǲԵġۼŸɫ࣬Ҳ֪ԼҪ֣ͼƴڻȥ
㻹Ϊ׷˵̣˭֪ƺ˽ȥһ˼ģӹһ٣Ͻˡ

ΪǰСѧСѧؿҪãضеģڴӲڣ֮ǰһլӡ
ʦѡҲܿΪǣȻҲС
ǲµظɻˣôӳͨһʦ
򰮹֪Щ֪µظɻҲֻϺȣټֻһʱûбƣϴȭͦõģһ
ȥѧ֮ǰԼһȺСͬҡ֮ŷ֣꼶ѧʮ֮꣬ǰΪͣͣѧжѧ꣬ĵҲͲԵˡ
ΪָѧˣҶʲѣŮӺ٣ܹʮ˲Ůӣ
ñ°ģڱɹƤ΢ڵŮм䣬͸ȺƵġ
ʮ꣬ĽͣȻıǴ꣬ϻ˵Ůש£͵޶Ѿʼ࿴ˣекӸûһҪڨġ
Աߣкӻӭģص: ȻǺ꾫ȥﶼˡ
Σ۹ⶼʩһҪǳԼǺ꾫ˡ
ȻԺ꾫ʲûʲôУһ꾫ģڼò
ĺˣֲͬؿԼ߳ŭۣͬ֡
̧ͷ̨һ꿴ߣ˺죬Թͬʦˣôң
ͬıã֣ԹԼתͷ
û뵽ôɺϵؽ꼶Ž˹ĺÿĴ磬۾
һ׳ɫ㣬ԭЩڵƤȻѾˣ忡ôúÿ
µŮôԼȻҲˣİֵַ棬ʵһ
αڽ̨ϣѧԼҺãԺҾǵģѧʦҵֽи꣬ԺǿԽҸʦ
˵꣬ںڰдԼ֣˵ĿźڰԷıʻ仰Ҳȫԡ
дԼ֣ͽ׼õԾַȥ
һڿȲ¿ΣҪ֪ǵˮƽԱԺԵؽнѧ
·ЩУҲܵµѧ仰֮һɵصſԣף˭ףһѧ¡
֪ǲĵĴ˵仰ʱ򣬻߿һۡ
Ĳع˹ӣʲô˼ǻף̫Сˡ
ԳɼȫǰʮԪ׼ŶԾһַϵͳˡ
ĵһβִϵͳѧϰĵĳһۣһҪϴԼƫ
ȴǱг۾ƵģһתͲ׽ĶԲĵۡ
ֳ׽Īصͷ
꿴ļ룬ַּԾ
ǸλʦžͲǺ۸ģµѧҲȻԾбͷȴҲͬѧ򿴡
Ծֻ׵ãһԾȻЩûѧܵ˵ȴƫ򵥣ʮ±ʡ
ڽ̨ϣ׵ؾͲ׽ѧı飬ץͷӶģɵģΪۣ궼̲סע֡
ͷӣӳĲϣƺܿüϵëԵù
꿴˫СƵۣѵƽ
Ůƺϲ¶ϣǰ֮ͬв֮ͬ˵Ļ򴽣ƿĿ⡣
žӣûзָ궢á
Ҫ֪˶Ҫˡ
һСʱ֮󣬸Խ
ѧǿԼͿĵ߰ľӣſڿϡ
бȽϵѧ󸵽飬ʦҿԲҰ𣿡
ɱ𰡣ϲʹˡ
˼ûϢģЦ
㣬ǿͦõİȻԵ⣬ǿû
ԵĻҿǳԡ
ɥŲҪָ˭֪ǳĸϻ
ݸģǿˣҲǼҳ״ġֻ˭ҪΪصĹעˡ
仰Ҫ⿼ˣ᲻صע
˿ɲֻǵ뷨ѧ˵𱻼ҳʦصע¡
лҪ˵һΪɶֱ꼶Ϊʮѧһ㶼ǡѧƣȻЩͬһ£ҲСѧ꣬жꡣ

ĵ绰

κ, 꽫ĺʦ칫ҡ
ò׼뷨ظ
ıʦ, ֻغͬ϶Ǳʦˡ
ͬط˸, ô֪ģԵʱ㻹һֱ
ӲҾ֪
ͬô, ʼҲһˡ
칫, 꿴ĵ˵ʡͶˣˣ
˸һۣûʲô, ﷸֹѵҲЦģ
꽫ĵı鿴, ͻȻЩΣ, Ϊʦ, ǣҪ׵ؽԼĺ·, ҲΪһʱ֮ŵ, ҪȻʲôĪˡ
ݵı仯, Դʱĸ, ľȻֲð 
ͻȻʶΪʦҲһ£Ȼӽˮ¥̨ˣɾٻˣҲ֪ʦǲַġ
ʶһ㣬صͷ, ֪ˡ
ŻЩһ䣺㺰Ƕ˵̵ģ
ûˣСӵĳˣǽ׼õݸģȻѧȤƽʱԶĶĻҲɹͶİա
ϾĶûԼޡ
۾һ֪࣬ڵһ䣿
۾ؿŸ꣬û뵽ȻʾˣΪ˷£мء
ҡҡͷֻǿҵѧ;ڵѧҪҸʦϾɵͱ˴ĵģֻСӲŻô
ʧءŶһԭѽ
΢̧ͷʱָֻһɫӡ
Ľӹ飬־Ȼһĵйص鼮һС˵ʲôµ鼮һ
֮󣬸Ҳûߣһߣľӡ
칫ҵĻܼªֻһͼŵӣȴһҲ⣬ͷظĸľӡ
һԵĵӣҲʲôǳרעضŸ
Ȼ˳ÿǰٿҲᡣ
ŮĿֱңϵĶһ٣ֵؼԾȫĳ˵ĿԶΡ
ķûã㰲ˣ򿪸һ鿴
ò෴μȴѵõĺгա
ǡɴӰ칫߹ķٿһĻŲһ٣Ÿµ˿һޱ뿪ˡ
ľٶȺܿ죬Ͼ׾ӾģʮӾͽžӸˡ
꿴ԾϵķЩ⡣
Ȼžӳü򵥣Ҳ˵ʮʱͲˣѧʱҲ͵ȴû뵽ò
ǷҲȷӦöΪƫϾһǰǲһġ
ڴؿԾĿ䵽Ծͷ۵ĺɫּ85Цˡ
ּһģӵˣôǲǿúܺá
ϵ⣬ԣҲùڽԾȽף´Ҫ֡
ЩͲܿһôġ
Ǹʦ´νˣʲô𣿡Ĺ⽫ʦҧ
Ƥӣڴһ¡
ڵûнȴ˵
ĶԸӲûޣ˼䣬תˡ
ϾҪϿˣҲ
뿪֮󣬸ּ
ͷϵ񣬸߳ѧУ·ӲʱԻƺס֪࣬ĵ绰
Щ⣬뵽ʲôӿŲ߽ȥӹ绰裿
绰ǱߵĶһ¾֪˵Цˣ꣬ô֪绰ģ
꣺ϴдҰӵĵ绰߼ֺүүڿ϶ûգҲֻʱ绰
ӹĨǵ˵Լ̫ˣҲû߶߶𸵽ӵӣÿ಻۲ۣгԵúòá
ĸ׵߶߶ü۱ͣʱءšһʾ
˵ʳ˵绰ͷϷӣʵ裬̸𣿡
ûȸش𣬶ּ꣬˼ҲˣǸ̸ˣԴ˿϶ûġҪ½ˣԺɾͲ׻سˡǼȻؼŮеĻŮȻʵȴʺϼ޽˼ң㶮˼ɣ
ĸ̽εص裬ҲǸ㱣֤˹Ҳ³׵ġ
͵꣬ʵҪҸ־ͬϵ֪࣬ҲûģԺҪһسˣҲܰæ취
㻹ǸŮˣ
ü裬ҺͯĻԼүүͯүӶģԷΪұżˣͺǻޣˣôǡ
˵£ҲԶӣϾҲͬģҲǳͯҷ£ҲҶԶӵˡ
겻Ը¶̸帵ݼҵ
ңЩôˣͦõĳҪ֮⣬һжͦõġ
ϾķͬǰˣһƽѾˡ
ûĸ׿̽ʲôϢҲ⣬ϾҺԤر㣬صУһж䶨ˣЩµĺۼûвɾҲµ˭
Ǹң߽ţӸչҶϵ绰ص˭ڴ绰
Щصôôˣ
ݵصûʲôǰ°ˡ
Ĭˣ֪ɷǸǿôûǱżˡ
㻹ûشҸղź˭绰أѾ¿ˣҲΪ˷գתƻ
ֻûɷͼЦŵǽ꣬û̸⺢ȴϺ̹ףһֱ˵ûС
ӵĻ⣬һǼұڻ飬Ȼ˵ѿȴҲһЩ
ҪϲˣҲ̫ؼЩ⣬ϾҲ֪´á
ﲻˣϸ㲻Ϊͯƹˤ˰ɣȻͯҵȷãֻǴ֮飬ȻͯûԵ֣ҾͯǺӻͦõģǰꡣ
һ˵ҪȢףҲ㣬ô㣬ί
Խ˵ԽѹۿˣҲ֪³˶ٿ࣬ѵΪˣҪڻίҪǵûãҲˡ
Ǵ󷿵Ķӣǲñģɸݺϸ֮󣬻Ǿø磬Ȼг㣬ܹǿ˶ӡ
̾һˣ˵㣬ӵĻ»˵㡣
⣬ȴȻʲô˵㣬ȻǶӵҪ
Ҳ꾭Ҫһ

 24 

ڶĿ, ͽҵԾַȥ
Ϊǰ֪Լĳɼţһɫ, ﰧЧôô, Ӧٸļ
㡣
ſһĽԼ֣˱۾, һϽ̨Ծ
ΪֵһЦ, ȫ˶Ŀ⼯ڽ 
еֱʳ㣬ϸûȥҪҪⰡ

һЦ
ȡЦһ, ȻؿԾͷ۵ĺɫּʱ, ߸˵ѿ͡
߸߾ԼԾ, üɫص60, Ƶûգգã
µѧһӻȻĽؿŵòеĽ㡣
꿴һ۽, , , ɵԾȥˡ
˼, ȻڸϲҴЦҲһЦ㽫죬ҲЦü䡣
ŮЦҲѵڿ¶һǳЦݡ
ѧǶõôߵģһʦҲЦ, ηҲ࣬ò˵ΪȣĿҲԾࡣ
ڼҵԭ򣬸꽫ȫǰʮĳɼŵ󹫲
ĵĳɼʱ˶٣Ȼģ85֣ȫڶ
ۣܿϸĶûĳɼοǵڶ
Ȼ֪ԼĳɼڴҵĿԼԾһָܡ
ĻǵһᵽУϵЦݾû
ϧﶼȱʺĿôãһ뷨ףôҲɺ˳
ʦףܿôãվ
ƻյĻһ˲䰲һػӣǵĲ롣
Ҫ˵û뷨ǲܵģϾȫһ87֣ӳӣ֮ǰΪѧܵڹ磬СѧѧΪ˷ת
Ҫ⣬ɼ׵ȫһ
ֻǴҶ֪֪׵ģ֪ǰѧʱжѣξȻĳɼȷ˻ɡ
ûķӦɫֱĿؿλͬѧ֤֤𣿡
һηصʦҸҿ϶ûǸôõĳɼǰǳİ̿Σ͵
ü۳ٴǿֻĲ룬ʵû֤֤ס
ź֪طָˣ֧֧صȻû֤ݣҾ֪ܿ85֡
صû֤ݾָףǶ𺦡Ϊ˱ʾͽ䣬˱뵱Ǹ֮⣬µֵҲɡ
һ˵ĳɼǳŬЧͬѧĳɼʵġӰѾˣͱȡû֤ҿ´οԻῼøá꿴ġ
ԭļԼ˲䱻ˣصȻܣ
ֻʮֵĽؿģȹ
˱֮£Ҳ׷׹
ҵ֮£ĴھԵζͻأˡ
ܲȫĿ⣬ֱӿűܳ˽ҡ
üͬȥˣͼϿΡ
ֱͬǷˣòȡѧᣬȴʺƻˡ
Ծһ˵ػλ
ĵҲһˣһʼ֮⣬ĸû
Ǹ̬ȣҪ֪֮ǰԷ̬Ȼ䲻ģû뵽ڿô֧
ĳ°ͿŸıӰôͻȻı˶Ŀ
ѵ͸òƷʣЩСز²š
һûӰ쵽Ŀá
ƽȻ䣬ȴͨ׶ȤرڿϽСʮѧӭ
ýԣҲû˼층ɫˡ
ܳȥҲܿػ 
ԲϿο飬ֱֵɲѧˣҪÿµظɻˡ
ǳһγ󣬽Ŀʮְ֣޲ʱ
ȴûжˣΪ˾Ȼʦ
Ŀٳڽ̨ϣһӦǲţΪ˲ӦԼĻȥ˴󲮣÷ٽ꼶
û뵽򰮹ʱӦúúõģȴתͷˡ
һֱעĵķӦһ˵ӣõعǡ
ĸˣȴҲֱӿ飬Ů˲ƫ⣡
ڷڿϳ˶εĴ֮⣬ҲûΪ
ĺ޵ϵͳĶ£ĶѧĻУĻҪá
츳
ټû֣ЩʧЩ⣬ΪŮ˳ò֮⣬Ҳʹء
ˡ
һֱ͵ڶڵΡ
۾֪Ľ̡ܽ
Ÿ˶һһΪѧֱ۵ظܵεݣĽܾҵɽȥʵؿ졣
Ϊ꼶İΣ˵һȻҲ˹ȥ
ѧȻͶԺɽϤòУһԿʽɽʮ²ġ
һ͸ųĺһĽܸںһҪעⰲȫ
ϧĽƢ̫ˣֺ£ЦشӦһתͷɽڵòС
˻Ա֮£һֱľԵرˡ
ǡø󣬼Ʋֵӣص˭ˣһֱͣ
ҪǸĿ϶˳Ÿ˭֪Ըŭصһۡ
ͷԣȷصˣ
ĺһֱԭ㣬Ҳɵġ
Ŀſŷ⼸ĹΪѣġ
Ȼ˳̫ÿͻз
ʱΪĿϵñ֣ĵƫѾ
ˣ׷ʣôˣ㲻ңôǸЦص
ȻֱͷǰߣȴͻȻ꼱еСģ
ϧѾˣĽһ̤գһӾݡ
ʶסĵ֣ȴû뵽Ҳ䵽ȥ

 25 

ǰԻ, ʱ򣬻ŵҶζ
ҵֻһ, ûз, ˵ʱ򣬼Աߵ֦һ, ûд󰭡
ӦĻ谵֮, һʱѰĵӰ

ʹ߽ŵص˵
Ķڽ, סţʹ, ͷ, Һʹ, ҵĽŻ᲻ˣ
µľˣϴ˵ľʹ, ֽҪϵĴ
ΪˤʱմҶ, ʱԳƲ, ޵ñӺ, Ǳ
ȴûǽķȸ㿴£ӲĽҲֻˡ
, ĳԼļվţԼסĵĽ̽ذ˰
ۣۣۡĸˣҾҽҪˡ
üǰүүߵѧһ֣²ƲأֻѾˣֻҪͺˡ
Ŀ޵òģʮεصĽſֻѾˣҸͲˡ
ĳҭһ£ɵؿ򸵽꣺𣿡
ôһĻ̫ѨвУԹ֪ˣ
ŷӦղĻᣬɫˇ塣
ͳڣסĵĽһʶʹӦʱ򣬷ֽѾûôˡ
ĵվȷûôˡ
꣬ΪЦ
վĿԼƵԼϡ
ȱ·ȥȥվһ¡
Ĺɵص˵ͷɲ˽
˵ŪĶȽϴ󣬾˸ѧѰеصʦû°ɣ
һ߷ģһ߳Ƕû£ȥһӽ
ѧȷˣϽæ
ȻӣԻ򵥵ظһ£нѧǷϴ󾢲Ű˸
˱ȥʱ򣬽㿴˽ŵģеصСã˵ϲأҪҪұ㣿
ǿ򸵽ꡣ
Ĭض˼̾һض㣬ɡ
ǣ˵Ĳӣſıϡ
һĵͬŮ֮еȵģһ͸ԱȾԵýСˣ׵ؾͽɽʱ򣬽Ųȵġ
ȡ˽ѵ֪겻ϲⶺŪֵַؽıϡ
뵽Ǹһβ˵ܽӴıЦü䡣
꣬زأ᲻۵㣿ûһ
꾡ӱϴȶȣϢƽصС
ϰʹȻֹһ䣺Ȼ㳤е֣󣬻ܱĶ㡣
Ĳؾ˾죬˵ݣ
ûŮķȷᣬҪΪƽﲻԷˡ
ֻͷǰĴ˴ļ򣬹ĵص꣬û˵
üԵ˴ʹƽصû¡
ŷˡ
˵Ϣ˵Ĵܿʹ˵Ķ
ձĵӵվ𻨺ֵܾͼеؽΧ
۵ĵֺ͸첲Ůû
֪Ҳǵģϸλǵȥɽ֪Σյġ
ͬģСãʹʹ򣬿СÿǲǶˡ
˼ĳŴεصǽΧôʵһôơ
һؽһȥСÿˡ
εҡҡͷ򵥵ؼһ£͵ó۵ûʲô󰭣ѾˣѾˣҪǻ۵ĻȥͿһҩƾˡ
ʵ֪Լûʲô󰭣ֻ𻨺͸ǶһҪ飬ҲֻܹԹԵصż顣
ȷûˣˡ
еسȺȥֻüȥıӰ
Щգ˸л
ȻĽûʲô󰭣ȻڼϢ졣
ڼҴģֶ⼸ժҰˣˡ
裬ﲻǻа棬ӳ԰ɡڡ
Ϊ˺ƢԭڵĽӡ
ҪǱô˷Ѱ棬׼Ĵź򣬵׹ŮԺõģȻû⡣
СͬҪӣ˵ػ
ǰҲֻйڲƽ̿᲻ð档
𻨸ϴȣһתͷҲ߽ˣɵȰСãýӾͺ㣬ôˡŻûãɱҶ
Ľûˣ裬ҽѾˣҲѧӣ̽Ұɡ
ŹŮѾҪ˵ͣȷҪѧգûԡ
СĿСҪѧӣҲΧ
ӳӵɴཫߦõĽƤ͵õõ
ǰûӣȻ𻨽̵ѧһʼĽȴȻʮֳ󣬲̫ϣż϶©˳״ֵֹģһӡ
ĿһԼĳɹֶֿӶģԸԼֱɴӸˡ
ԱߵСİĽֹ˵ĽӴ¹ʱϸҪˡ
˴ĽƤĲڰĽ
ĵһֻĽӣСɩӣҰĽӺÿɡ
ĵıͲֱ˵ˡСһõƷпϵصܺÿ
ˣؿһԼղŰʧƷ⽫ÿĽŵһϡ
裬ȻҪҰĽӺֿ
𻨺ЦصǽӣôҪ󡣡
Ȼô˵ӵʱǰĵҪ󣬽ʮֿ
Ƚ֮Ҳʱ䣬Ӹ缸һصңŵӵˡ
裬ʲôӣȻӡ
ζ߽ͼԼװһĽҪߡ
ʵСŽҪȥĶ
治ɫص֮ǰ֪ңҸ͵ԵģΪл񡣡
Ŷһû⣬ҪԽӡ
ϸССӻŽӵĶЩԾ
Ҫ˵Щʲôһ뵽ԼĲ²ҲףҲû˵
ȥ֪ԺʱԭҪ꺰һ뵽һӿ֪ܲǷֲ֣뾪ˡ
ĶŽӣż֪Ժ̽ͷͷĸҩ
Ǻ˵˿ڲҪմˮͲ̸һ첻ϴ裬˿ַ˰ɡûؽǩ˴ѹѹ
ûʲôӦڡ
ɫûб䣬û˼Ҳڸˡ

 26 

Ŀ, Ҳ˲ϻ᲻ᾪˣ߽, żص:, ˣ
ûϵͻȻ֣һʱ䱳, ȻԱߵıĴϡ
˵ûͿҩ, ֿĺˣЦ˳źࡣ
, ӵĴүǲ֪жٳŰӣ˼Сϰ, 
Ȼ, Ҳֻ︹̸С, ɲҵ˵
תεؿģû, Ǽ֦, ͺˡ
Ҫļ, ԱߵԱ߿, ֻܼ򵥵عһ£ƽʱҪע㣬մˮˡ
ղŻĸȴӦˬ죬һעġ
ﶯݣ۾ЩģװŽӵǰҰĽ, л֮ǰҡ
껹ûӦԱߵ;ϲؽ˹ȥּ˸Ӷ
ӵȼӼͶɣкȵֻ࣬Ƥڴ֭һζ
۾ĴָСã
ĿŽӱˣЩżֲ˼˵ġ
㻹ԣѾӦ˹ȥ
㿴Ÿ껤ʳĶشչȥֵ꣬ܣٳһڰɡ
û㣬ǿĵû
ҡͷһûԣ㲻õģﻹкܶ࣬ŵġ
괹һֻֻ״ĽӣҲ˵Ӹպã͵һʱˡ
ԲϸĽӣͿĵСã´ˣҲǱһݺòáҾԲ԰ʳһۺġ
˵ţ㻹Ÿ굱ڣƤص㿴ˣǲҲҪӪ
ؿһ㣬ȴҲûԡ
ļĽӵȷܺóԣϤļҵζ
Ŀ򸵽꣬ЦӯӯصҲĽӺóԣ
걻ĽĵЦݻ˻Σһ˲֮󣬲ŵ˵ͷ
ûע⵽ķӦõ϶Ĵ𸴣Цøˡ
ϵͳҲʱˣӵõʵĳޣսȴﵽ10ԪǮһӲס
Щ⣬û뵽ӻôĽ
ûü鿴ϵͳĽӲ׵׳ʲôķٵ˾˹
ķע⵽еĽӣĿ
֪Ժû˰ӣûȥӴӺζͺˡ
Ҳ߽ڣȫӵԱߵģŸЦ񣺡꣬˿ںöû
ϲԽӣ쵽ҸӰɣպóľǽӡ
ŷⷬ˸ۣ⻰ôô
УûẰꡱŮȴˣѵ˵ĹϵѾôˡ
Ļɵؿ򸵽ꡣ
ĬᵽĵĲԷٿ׽ĳƺͬϲ
ֻĽҲһŮӳֻ̬һ䵭ղź˵ʱ崺γĶԱȡ
鷳ˣ֪ԺİҲ࣬ҶԳʲôԣӡ
ôҵİֺˣЩϲܾˣøбӡ
ЦЩҲסˡ
񾭴ִĽûŮ֮΢գ۰Ͱ͵ؿĽӣ꣬㰡ȻҲ˵㲻ǺܰԽӣҲһڡ
Ľܿǰװ׾İӣÿˮҪˡ
֪ѾûгԹһˡ
ԭ˹нӵĶӿ˼֣ӳԽȻſĽܿҳˡ
ĽܿŸ޹ģһλ
ôøǹġ
ۼôˣҲٴȥ˿ͺ͸ˡ
㿴ŸĶЩĬ뵽֮ǰ˵½飬־òܡ
ԳҡҡͷȻʩ롣
Ȼøϲˡ
СȻúÿҲȤȫϲһҲ˶ϲġ
֪߳Ժ֮󣬵㿪ϵͳ巢֣һĽȹȻǴﵽ10%ռҲһףһǸʽĽۻҡ
ţЩִģֻȻżϲԽӣҲԽӣƺûʲôô
ϵͳĵɻ󣬲ͬصôûôأѧϰ¸ϵͳֱĿǰ¸·õףԺӵѽ
ķֲҪȻͶ.ѣץɿҪεġ
ϵͳ͵ȻܣԺѽ
ĽŲһ٣ôϵͳ͸¶ʲôҪ顣


 27 

ϵͳ, ˼ǲ֮ſ
ҪȻϵͳʱҪĽҲûˡ
ϵͳŷӦԼ͸¶ʲôѡװ
ϧĿɲô׺Ūġ
һʧصϵͳ, ô, ȻôҪ飡֮أףԺôҰ㷢ѧϰ
Ҳֻ, ̽һܴܲϵͳʳһЩϢ, ˭֪ϵͳطһ
һʱѾϵͳԼĻ, ɲˡ
й¶ĵ·Ƕãһ, ҪȻ, 㲻ش, £Ҳ¶, ͱֳĬ, Ҳ´, ͷҡ
ϵͳȨһ, ӵȷûΥԳǴӦˣֻǣֻ⣬̫ױҵ߲
Ҫÿϵͳ͸¶Ȼ, ÿСǵñɣ¸ϵͳƳĳ츣ᣬɲǻٻᡣ
ˬشӦˣ˼һʵҲ²úܾþͻſٲᳬ꣬Բԣ
Ѿˣȷ꣬ϵͳѡĬ
ϵͳķӦĵ֮Ԥ֮⣬Ϊԭļʮ֮ǰʱûġ
ʣһᣬĽ࣬˼ãʵǻָ߿ǲҲ̫ãꣿ
ϵͳĬ
ҧҧµҲϾܶ¶ǣһȫ
Ȼܷſ˵о޴ĸı䣬ʱжϵĸ߿ӦҲ˳Ӧʱƶָ
ϾҲף˲ѡζһǶôҪ
Ĳɵ뵽꣬ҪǸ߿ָˣǲǻسǣ
ǰЩ˵ĸ֪ûسǵ黹ڶĲĻŵҡҡͷ̷Լûͷ
ʲô˵겻ˣ˵ͨ߿سˣδؾͲҲϸ߿
˼̫صҲûз
վԺ޼Ȧ򽭼СһգɺСã
ĻعĿɻؿ磬磬ô
ҡҡͷ˲֣
ģϸشԼõɫ
ҲҪôˣ겻ӣ˭۸ˣ㱵صҶû
ƽȽϹԣȴϸһ۾ͿԼõĲͬѰ
ЩҵƿĿ⣬ʹϬӶӣЦ磬㿴ˣ˭۸ҡ
ϣҶûԽأͶ᲻ὫǷݽҲˡ
򽭿ĶӵıӰεص𼱣Ƿţ϶͵Եġ
ҪǷ͵ԣһܵܵľ硣
ڵ򴨺ԩˣ磬ɱСǰǣҺôܽõǷݳԵ
һҧһӣһ߸͵ǣ磬Ҳ̫۸ˡ
Թˣ̲סЦ
̫ˡ
û£ôѾ뵽Լ

Ȼûˣ򰮹Ҳû⡣
ΪʦĽܻǾô´εҲϺɽˣǴѧȥҰ￼쵾ȵ
ĽܻõĿ÷ʽҲЩΣΪεǸ˹ȥ
ӵѾһ£һȥһҡҡҷҷγһƬǳǳĵˡ
ѧũˣԴûʲôеĸܣĽܿʫ˴󷢣һʫ衣
ͷعƣʦĲá
һȺ˱ֻеΣ˳ͷϵĲñ͵ĳȵɹƤ
꿴ĽŵģǰĽֻúЦ
תͷϵЦݣϡ棬ʦʦһʫ裬ʦҲ˸һʫ衣
ԭĵѧ̾һ𣬷׷ʦҲһʫɡ
˹ӣǰʫʦ֪ʶӵİһðɣ

ԣҲȤؿ򸵽꣬ʲôӦ
ϧоͲˣôܱЩѧѵ
ӣصȻڿǵΣǾѧ֪ʶ
ѧһ׷װиȫܵʦ֪ǲǵ˻ǵù
ǿɶ˵ˣϴʦѡΣȫƵһûʲôؾͱѡˡ
ҪһְҲֻĿˡ
ѧһߣһ߽⡣
ĵʦĽܣΪӿԭشʫһʱû߳
û߶ԶһȺ˾򰮹ż˶ŵü˵Щʲô
֣ѯʵӳЩʲô
лҪ˵ƼѷĵС˵еŮ
İ¡һС˵ŮԡжŮĳߵѡ
ݺ²һһҪŮŰǧٱ飬ԸŮһǳҵ³
ȻˣеĶŮ䣬ʱŮλУǵ߿ʼŰŮڡ

˳֮ʼŮλŮĶ塣
׵ˣϴ
ϵͳǵɣ
ʱӣºԣ˵λholdסǹ
Ľλв˽¡
ʳָϣ1v1޳СһΪˬ

 28 

򰮹̾һ, ˶һۣȻָŵ, Ҫˡ
ʳũ, ӳ⻰ѧɫ
㿴һ۵, صǶӳ, ⵾粻ǳͦõġ
򰮹ɫ࣬ʶҪ̸ӣȴֱֲ, ָֻ
Сʲô糤ٺ, ӳòʵ, ɱ, ʲôã
幫ĴүǶׯ, Сƨ
ü, ӳ, ⵽ô£ӵĵûѡ𣿡
򰮹ؿһ, û뵽һ˻ׯϵ顣
뵽֮ǰͶʡľϲ򰮹ɴԭί
ԭһ꣬ˮؾ;һСĺ֣ʳȻ˹ȥ, ѡĵȴ֡
ԭ򰮹ż룬Ҳûôأ˭֪⵾糤ùȻһʼԤá
ǣݴо˹۲죬ȵЩ쳣Ѿûˣȥ»ʳѩϼ˪
ӳһͣҲʶԡ
ȻǼȱʳΪĶⲹһɫʼ
̫ӽֲҿ֪һʳũô˺
Ѷʱа취֣ܿĶԱ֮£ǳԵĺÿ¾ͳԭ
ʶؿ򸵽ܾ꣬ҲѲ
ҲûĵΣӿŵĬһȻ򰮹ӳڵѾɵˣҲ²ٺҲ޼£ʩʴٽҲܰⳡ֡
ǰʱĸ겻ʮˡ꣬Ϊм˽Ӽõԭ򣬶ӵһĮģȻں˵ʳΪûʲôӰ죬ֻͬһ£ûٹע
˽ʮ꣬궼㶼Ҫӻһκˡ
򰮹ȴεҡͷȻûùʣҲ˵Ǹöֻˮô磬滹ôӣ»Ųá
ʱʳӿҪȼˡ
ũ˼Ƚϴӣңǿȼһǳ顣
򰮹Żԥ
Ҳ֪ڻʵûкȽܶ߶ǿ⼼ߣ˵Ƕũ˵һ㸺ĸ߰۸
Щ֣˼ʱ䳤һ㡣
ӳȻһʱ򲻵ʵǿлʣЧȻȲϻʣ벻һũҷʲ
ũﶮʲôлʣ
򰮹һãȻӣָ򰮹ĵϸʲôлʡ
Ȼ򰮹Ȼһ֪⣬ץסص㣬ǾǸелǸöԭѰҡ
򰮹۾һ˷ܵش˴ƣ֪࣬˵лôã
ͷֻҪѧʩʣɵĲ
Ҫʳ̫СȻŶ࣬ʵࡣ
򰮹ȴô룬Ҫ˵һѾˡ
򰮹šüȥԥҪҪĽ飬θ˼ռϷ磬ϵУ֪ģлʡ
򰮹֮ЧҲߣܿͽӵټһ
˵ʳƲãˡ
ӳʳôҵ⵾糤òͦõ𣿡
԰㵾糤ò⣬֪ҲֻǸˣׯ£ʲôУлզžƽʱõũҷࡣ
ǣǣҪʲлʣѵջô죿

㳡ϳֵģ򰮹÷꣬ȴҰǶʲôпѧ
˵ˣϯͬ־֪ʶ磬ǹũģϯͬ־Ļ
ˣǵȻʮδ쵼ģֻǶ֪粻ΰˡ
򰮹֪Щү˵ͨİˣұġҪǲʩʣǾ͵һһӰɡ
ǿһ궼硣
ӣ϶£Ҳûˡ
һͬ⣬򰮹֯ʡ
ʵλþѡ˺ɽǸ꾭ʶȡ¶ȵѡ˵λá
лԭ׵ã͵ȡľУһӣոѡҶӲݵȶȥȻǸַ㣬мְձˮ
лʹеζܣȴɫҲû䣬һ߷ɿžȷıһ߷ԸԱߵӶ
غҵʳ⣬СѧҲͣϿˣҪµظɻˣҶЭظлʡ
ũǿ⵾СһҪǲӪûܵĺ֡
ʱֶ롣
ĵļСֶӣҲЩӺ棬Ҷ
һ¿Ҳ˲ϻᱻɹڣڴҺæ
ںɽѰʺϷֽлʵľ࣬ɿüҶгӣȴȻֽҶŷŵ¨
մҲ֪һֻè䡣
Ҫ¨˹ȥӹ¨
ķӦʱ򣬸Ѿű¨ɽˡ
Ŀ˿ɿıӰЦü䡣
Ҳúܾã˾Ҫˡ
˶󣬲һ죬лʵһˣǵˡ
лʵһŵڶ̣һʱ䣬ˡ
Ȼ򰮹ʲôлʣڿ渲ǵһʱľ飬֪Ǻ÷ʡ
Ҳֱ࣬Ӷһ󣬵ȷ֮˵ѿ졣
֪࣬򰮹˷ܼˣʶؾҪϸɾ·һģվڸ걳ۼֿһ㣬ûб򰮹ĵ
򰮹㣬ŷӦԼ࣬ڨڨһЦ̫ˣûע֪࣬û°ɣ
Թض򰮹󲮣̫ˣϴϴá
򰮹ֶŮһۣ
˵ţֿһۣڵĬģ֪ĻΪ̸ء
򰮹Ҳֻ˵˵˵תæȥˡ
ȴ򰮹˵飬Ϊ󲮿ʲô
򸵽꣬ȴ򰮹٩֮üͷһ󲻽ӡ
֪ΪʲôĲؿһ£ǿװ򶨵صôˣֻڿЦ⡣
ֻؿһģȴҲûж˵ʲôǸ򰮹ĽŲ
ȴеز˲Ծ
кøеŮ֮Ǻ΢ģܸܵõʱƫս͡
ŬôãֻһͷһͷȣȴʲôӦûС
ҧҧҪ׷ȥҪ˵ֵӺòŬĳɹôûˡ
Ŀ͸ĮıӰŭض˶ţ룺㲻ңһҪء
Īģ˾Ϳʼսˡ
Ӧ˵Ǹ굥˾룬ʼעˡ
лҪ˵һ޸һ£ʱĳ

 29 

æлʵͬʱŻʡ
Ͼܵ˵, лʵĹЧûл
ǣлʵ̵ݸ򰮹ʱ, 򰮹ֱӾõɴ۾
ӹƮƮһֽ, ŵصǻ߸Ľӣ
ͷĿǰ˽⵽Ŀǰ߼Ҫǿ, ڵĻʳĳϾ, ڿܻˮ
߶ԻҪûôߣСسǻʳҲ
򰮹˿ֿ꣬˿еһֽ, ܾһ
ڻѾ򵥵־дˣ
ǲµ򰮹ɻ󣬽͵Ұֶⷽо, ǰҲҰһо, ⻹ֻǲ, Ҫûʵ֪ܲУԻҪ鷳ӳͼũҵֵ쵼ˡ
򰮹Ȼ֪꽫߸ĽӽϽ, Ҳһ, 쵼ǰҲˢˢøС
Ͼϴ޸ζ˵, 򰮹ûֱ͵ũҵ
򰮹˸ĺô, ɻҲǳǵûĨȥĹͣǿ˭
ʮ֪֮ģҲ쵼ǰûд
Ȼȸͼũҵֵʱ, ũҵֳ˵ӽĻû⣬Ͼһũʲôѧ
ǿһи֪Ƶʱžֳס飬ȵȣո֪ࣿ
žֳϤϸһ룬ⲻϴθίῪʱظίδ͵һλȽ֪ʶ
žֳλȽ֪ʶ굽жȽ齫ͼݸ
Ǿܵͼʱԭɫһ䡣
һ۾ϸϸؽͼһ顣
֮־У⽫ũҵֵר˹
ˮСССũҵҲ˼λеרҡ
žֳ˱ȽϻҲƽЩΪʲôᵽƧҰþá
רұžֳжˣһͿͼļֵ״ΣžֳĸʦƵģֱǸš
ʦô뵽ӣǰôû룡
žֳǰʮ꣬һѰ׻ӵͷһʮʦȤصţżĻأص֪ࡣ
֪ࣿרҾ°Ͷˣɵصžֳ㲻ڶҰɡгɹһλǰһ֪ࣿѵ弸֪ࣿ
žֳˣͲ˼ţǵǼʮϼһ
רҼžֳٴο϶ǿƳŻߵֻһʮ֪ࡣ
Ȼ϶ͼмֵžֳҲû飬רҺͼһ͵еȥĸ߼ʦ콫
ֻǺܿģеĸ߼ʦרҶΪѵҵžֳǰ
ͼȻż򵥣һЩƵϸڣǻǲȷҪ߸ѯ
žֳ⣬λ֪ѵһλţ
湫˸绰֮֮ǰʱᵽ֪͵Աìܵ飬°ֵͣð 
ⲻǵ͵ӣ˭˵ֻ֪Ϻȵģһǰϼһﲻ˲š
žֳţֵܲһˡ
յеʱѾһ֮ˡ
Ϊ֪ʲôʱһ£Ҽ˰ΣȻȥ򰮹پͳˡ
ĿŸȥıӰɥſڿϡ
ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʲôԶԶġ
İԹ̾һģ밡
ûѾϿʱˣͬŷֽ̨Ѿվһˡ
Ŷ˵ˣΪٵĳɼڸ꣬꼶Ĵʦݴ
һ뵽ԺҪԷϿξ͸ûˡ
ʵϣûɵģѧҲϰû˸Ŀá
ȻλʦεᣬҲУѧǲˣһǵ˶ද֢һƨŲŲȥ
֮£ֻſϷԵðֶˡ
ٿŵѧһ֣ԭ΢Цıάֲסˡ
һȦȻſӵĸ˳
ģʲô
ΪʲôΣ
ĿһȦˣʮȷԼ϶ŮǽⷢӣΪ
ƲƲǣΪվʦ̫ˣҶˡ
Цȴԣ˸Ļش
˵ٽף治Ϊ˵ѡ
𸵽ǳĿãٵȷһ֣ĺܿͻشˡ
ǺñȽϺãʮʦǵȻվ
һشع
ãС
ҵ˷Ƶġ
²һۣΡ
Ĺ⳯ٵЦЦ÷ٲάֲߡ
һֱ¿֮󣬵潫ĺ˽ʦ칫ҡ
칫ֻˣҲװˣֱӳؿģһ֣Ϊʲôɣ

 30 

Щ층ĵı, ֻû泩
Ҳԣ񸵽, ôǳֻϲһֻŮˡ
ãģ, ⣬ŻٵΪ, ˵³, ˣôŬļ, ͸ûܡ
Ӧĵغãûθ, ֱӾܾ㡣
, Ҫ, һ᲻ûȤˣ޷ǲҪ޽, ҽһ, 㲻ͦϲ, , ܹΪسǵĻᡣ
һ˵ݣƫƫȴ˵˶񶾵Ļˣɫƽطʵ˵ЩΪ𣿡
һʱûзӦʲô
Цһ, 㲻һֱװĻ𣿿ղŵĻһں˽𣿡
һ֪һʵģжɣ
ǲһֱòȲңԶʤңȴһҲ㣿
٣Цˣ㸵رôķӦΪϲңҪǲϲңɴֱӺһˡ
ٱĳְףҪȴԶԣ߳ŭصôԺлسǣһӾֻܵһСãˡ
Ͳ㵣ˣԼҲϸϲˣ˭˵ԺΪҶѡ£
֪Ժָ߿˵٣˭֪ٻ浱棬Ϊ޳ܵҪ£ݽŤģ˽޳ܵˣΪʲôῴ㣿
ߣȻΪҳñѽ˲ϲĹص
㣬㲻Ҫ
ļһҪģ뿪칫ҡ
ڷǷȻȷһЩӰ죬˭˵һֻܴһӵġ
ǰſ˽ǹӣ֮ǰϵͳ͸¶֮߿ͻָƾԼҲԽǡ
Ըòνѧô
ѧΣҪμӸ߿أ
ĸղǷȻڻػ٣أҲѹǸ˿رΪҪسǣԾòܵԼ
뵽һ㣬ȴûжˡ
ΪţԼܲûжҪûص뷨
ٿȥıӰЦһƵŮˣҪ굽׻᲻ΪһŮ˶Լǰ;
ڷ˵겻ǽѡͬʱҲسǵϣ
ϣһ£һӻͷĴãŮ֪һΪ˻òô࣬޸صũ񣬹һ泯ӡ
ˣΪĽΪ˻سǵϣҲԼһá
Ļص֮󣬽㵣ֺʵСãʦˣҪȻɫôôѿ
ͬ淽ǲ鷳ˣһĵĻش
û¡
ҡҡͷóϰ⿪ʼ⡣
㿴Ǳϰ⣬øˣСãⱾϰģ
ͷҲ̧ڷƷչվġ
ʵϰϵͳ͵ģǰĶѧϰ̬ǿпޣڣٵǷ۴רעصͷ⡣
ÿһ⣬ϵͳһѧϰ⣬һëǮһƱ
һӢ⣬ëǮһŹҵƱ

ĸɴж˺ϵͳϵ
㿴һѧϰħģ㱵һԱߵС飬ͬ۵ҪŲòıˡ

ͬʱȥе֮ܿͶ˹
еĸ߼ʦ곤ᣬһʼ۲һͺָ֣ܿǸĽʱͳͶء
Ϊ쵼ǵӣټϻеļʦǶͼЧҲʮֿȣһ˼ûûҹظϹž콫þͶ
ʱϵüũĽճɺùһ㡣
ʵؿˮΨһһеʶļͻûҪ
ʵͼλרͼĽһ¡
λרһ˵ϻɽģǶԸΪףżӸЩӱۣΪˣ޲øСӼ
ǺרǶɾʮ㣬ڻѾֳεʱ򣬸ƳһµĻߵĹ¼Ѿʡغ͹㷺·
ΪɽӵĴӳ򰮹Ǵ⣬֪ٴεʡɣֽҴġ
Сѧʱ֪Χŷ˵¡
֪Ȼٴε˱ֽ
ĽͬصͷǰӾͲһܱȵġ
˷ٵĺôŷ٣÷ʡһ棬ŮϿһƪ£;ϲص٣ǲϴͶ£
Ҽǵ㵱ʱдǸͽѣ
ٸϣ·򰮹ͣס˽Ų˭Ҳʡ
ù·ļѡ֪ʶ걨ȥȻҪӳңҲһֵĴϲ¡
ԾûнͣĬķӦڱ˿Ĭˡ
ǶԷһӴǡһתվڲԶһǰĴģص˵ģ֮ǰĵر֤»ʡ㲻Ҫ˰ɡҿɼǵĳ˿ǳŵ˾ҪӦҺͷһ 
ʵѾǷּûзϣɾЩЦ
е㲻ǵõĵʲôظһ£ҿܲ
ȫûʶĸڿӣΪǹˣˣǴӦˣҪ˾Ӧһ
ĻȻصͷŶҺеˣأ
ˣ˾͵˵Ǹ⳥ʮǮ䶨ˣҲ⵱ĵ
ʮˬسˣôһ¡ʲôʱҵǸ⳥ʮǮ
ֻķˣ׳һģ㲻䲻ɣɱˣ·ٺ㶼֤
һĵͷٿϷı飬һ߹ȥֽ˹
ȻдĹʱĿ٣˵ƪдģ
üֱĵķӦЩԾ벻ĻǹµߣǺ޸صͷˡ
һΣȷѣ
ٵȥıǳϦǴˣѡ֣ΪǷ١
ΪӻسǵİգŴӳ棬ѡ˽ʹĵɣȻϡ
ûҾѡ


 31 

Ц, ˣ֮ǰͶõıҲ, дĹǹŴŮ⽨ѹȵĹ, ǲ֪֪дʲôأ
ԣ϶Ź֮ɫ, ô⻰ôζأ
ٻûüֽϵĹ, ˵ó治ɫѵдǺüǰĸˣѾǵôŹ, µǷӳŮѹȡ
Ҳղ˵ƪ¿ڸŮ, ֻģ˵˸, ͼɻȥ
ĵȻô׷Ź, ǰЩ䳰ȷųء
һû֪д¡Ե, ıһ, , ұĹ, ǲǺͷ֪дҲһأ
򰮹ϳɾѾʲô
ĺͷ֮䣬϶վԼֶŮһߡ
Ϊ۸ˣû뻹ִ̼ĳ档
ʱҲϧˣ򰮹Աߵӳ, Ҳ֪ⷽСõ׶Ե֣֮ͬ⣬ͶĸӶһֲɡ
ٿʮһۣģѾʶʲôֹѾ
򰮹ʶֲ࣬ż֣ԱߵţǼ֣ҶѾԾˣϾغ϶̫ˡ
Ǵҷ׷װԱ߿ƪ£ԽٵĿ͸ӹŹ֡
˽βһС֣Цӯӯؿ٣֪࣬㻹ǵý»ôչأ
άֲסϵˣɫ԰׵ģмֳȴ˿ûͬ
Ͼ޳ܵ˵¹ڵԼͷϣƽռȴķ٣Ů˱ߣʵαأ
巽һ˿ϵģȴŵһ仰٣㲻ѣĲǣôܣôȵ㣿
ĵͷǰȻѧϱȲϷ֪࣬붮ܣ͵˵Ķ
˽ˣܵѿĳ棬ۿؿһۣһʵȥҲԴ˽һ֡
ûӦŵؿģô㣬ôдĹ£һǳϮģ͵˵£
Ķ˸ۣȻίͰ͵ؿ򰮹󲮣㿴ڻҪңһҪΪǺҴģҪˣҪҵǸ֮⣬Ҫ⳥ʮǮ
һʮ飡
ģôȥ
ʦĹһ²ʮ飬Ҫʮ飬ǵöɡ
ĲŲЪ˹һίؿ򰮹
Ϊһ£򰮹Ů֪йٶá
˻ʦ͸Ӳˣ򰮹ѡҪĵǸ⳥ҪѡʦְλѧҪпʦ
ɫһһף᲻÷ʦݹĺһԲ𡱾ˡ
򰮹üȻ̬ܵȡ
ģһѵ⣺Ժ˴ģҪˣ𣿡
Ĺɵص˵ͷҲ
򰮹ɫԻ뵽ֶŮϢˣｾҲ˸ˡ
ʮ飬ÿµĹʿǮֱΪֹ
ҲֻѵԴ󲮵ľҲû顣
򰮹ˣ뿪֮ǰűֽˡ
úúÿֶŮд£׼Ͷ߶䣬˵ŮϢˣҲģҪ̫ǹŮ
²ţ´ǧðµһӴӣȻлĹ͡
ӱ˿е֪µʱþҪֱҷٶˡ
ʲôȻ۸ҹŮѵ֪ӳҵġ
ϧҵ֪Ժȴַ˲ڣҲ˵֪ȥˡ
Цһˣ۸ҹŮǵӻ첻ȥ
ǣƲ֮£ٵ׻ˣԭάֵҲˡ
Ȼ˽ֵģĵС˵ʡص顣
͸겻ͬǣӵˣ˾ϡͬʱ׷ңΧдµ˳ʲô
ҵ⣬ＫˣҪιʲôֲǺӡ
ЦõԺ⽫ɹĹóдˣϲģͲڸϲףˡ
ҲŴһྣྐྵӣһԽԽµģԼҶӵУʵССöʮˣ࿴˼ûУ
װģ̾һҼС󣬻Ҫ飬˵ԺҪһȥӡ
ȻҲͲСˣС÷Ҫô룬ѵ


 32 

ﲻͬصͲСɩӲ, Ͼһ˾ҪһݿŮӵҸʵ˼, ܵһݺʵļױ
ҴҲʮ˰, ٹͿ࿴ˣ̵ľͲͷƸ񣿡
Щ, , ǲŲҶСò˵ˣҼС׬Ǯȫ֮ġ༭컹Сϵ, ˵ܿСõĴ츳Сóں
Сþ͵õ˵һ, жʮ, ⻹Ǳصĸ, ԺҪСд·ãԺĸѻҪߣ
һ, ȵصɴ۾, ôǮ
һƪ£
ȻҲдôôֵǮ, ɲϲ˿ԼĹŮ
Ǿü, ǲ֪ǼСΪдƪ£ж࣬ÿҪҲ֪զǼСõģǾСµظɻʵΪСڴ
Խ˵Խôһ, ޲ýĿþͲͷ׶̹ɰڷˡ
ƫƫ˻汻סˣĽصԭǰСãСڵĸѿɱ׬Ĺֶˡ
ǵȻ˵ŮδؾͱȲ϶ӡǻ͹ŮȥѧãǿˣŮɱȶӴˣԺ˵ǻÿŮˡ
һͬ۷׷ףеĻŮȥСѧ˵ҲܳңϾôĶд£ǼŮɱڿˡ
Ͳˣɺգ뿪徻ͱ÷ۼطˡ
Сãȵȣɩм˵
ĺɵؿ÷Դ֪׬Ǯ֮ɩǰڶˡ
÷ĵ֣صСãʲôеĶûҪûУɩиҪܸ㡣
Էǳ֯Ĺˣ¬|ʮꡣȻ㣬ʹ˲ǣңС㲻ϲ·𣬵Ժ޸֮󣬲;лõˡ
˼ǳﻧڣֺҲֲǣ¬|ȢĻϱɩСͺܺʡ
ĻɵصҪôãôĻĹȢϱѡҪôࡣ
÷ڨڨһЦⲻҪܼ޵ȥԺҲܰɩɩ
ǲģⲻĳˣ˵һ۾ǿģҪԸȥףð˼ʵ˸Եġ
÷˵ģȴԸˣҸھˡ

ͬʱˮػʳͬļ쵼ӲĻʡ
ظίһοһ֮ǼǸпضԸС˴󹦣ƵͼѾˣŬ߶ͣźܿģĽҪˡ
˵öãؾҪʧȥһ˲ţҪǾǷʮӣǶ÷뿪źص
֪ڰʾεĹͻسǵĻᡣ
ΪƵĻʵǿȫΧƹ㣬оɹ漸
ΪʮƳµĻʵ̫ϡ棬쵼ʱҲ̲סߵ˸п˼䣬Ǹҵӣ͸ˡ
ǸĵӣѹˣҺ͸Ļͬѧʱ򣬾֪СԴţҲѹǸһӶ֪ʶӣʤ
¸̫ˡ˷
쵼ÿɷȻԼ飬ĵĵûȥѧˣõŴС֣
͵ķʱҡ
쵼صҲ긵һ㽫Ҳȫ֧ǵҵ
ˣµΪֹҪ˹ģǶһΪҵġΪˡ
һǡ֪൱һԺ˭Ҳøҵı˵ˡ
պ͸˻ͯҴҳͯүӾԱߣԱ亹Ҫˣͷ޲ôڸΪ㡣

Ȼ֪ѾŰʾ˵ΪĹͣ׸ݲˣֱͷǰԸұ֮òˡ
ϵ͵ĵ·ȹѹأȻǰһ͵
ΪܻƺҲûҪٴˡ
һжıģ浽һ귴ԥˡ
εĸпҲֻˣҪһʵ飬ƳߣҲɽӵڻûʵ֮ǰҲΪ˻سǶ;ϡ
ԣԸˣɽӵԱ֪ôΪ룬϶ʮָˡ
Ҳãɽ磬Ҳһͣλɽʹá
лҪ˵һ䣬ļܿա

 33 

ʮַ, ΪСõһͻȻ
Դ׬һ¾֮ȥ֮󣬼ÿ˵ý
ĸоԭֻŵıͻȻ֪ļֵһ
, ִ׼Ӧļ޳ȥҥ֮, ̲סˡ
ʱǮ, ׬ĸ, ԼϵͳѧϰĽ֮⣬׬ǮԴȻͶС˵ĶӰ۶ɵĻ֡
һ, Ȼһٿˣټ֮ǰܵǮ, ȻѾٿˡ
⻹ֻǸտʼ, Ҫֻ֪Ҫع´㹻, ˶࣬ܵõĽͻࡣ
ϵͳһЦ, Եģ, û, ĺܺ, ΪİãʹӵһЩŮܹѧĻᣬһܴĹס
Щϵͳ˼ˣ˼ǣֻҪκһ£н, н
ǵģЩӰ쾭ϵͳܵļ֮תΪֻ֣ҪҪת֣ʱת֡
۾һͻȻѧϰõĽöˡ
ʹҲû᱾ĩϾֻһдһӣӲӲ
ĲɵؿϷŵ顣
ѾһˣҲһûˣҲȴˡ
ץϵٿǮгƱŬһΡ
˵ףǲľô
Ķ鱾ʱѹ͵
Сãڼ㡣
Ĳ͸Ժ⣬ͷͷԵض棬һķ˷ܵػ˻֡
ڼûʲôˣͼֶӺͻеĶɩڼҡ
뵽ɩǿֲ´ӣĻǾĵ߳ȥ㡣
ôˣ
ΪԺúȺõԭԭмԽˮۣ٣޲кĿ⡣
֮ǰһӻǰ˵ڿˡ
šãۼΪò˵Ҫͷˣűһ仰Сã˵ˣ
εؿ㣬صҾΪ
Ĳ£żˣСã˵ôŮô飬ڽɣɱΪԷͥãʵشӦ˭֪Щ˻᲻мұϰߡ
ı㻣һһ㶵ģӦ֮ЦЦллѣʱûм˵Ĵ㣬һѧ 
һָֻɵģҾ˵СôôᱻЩŵȥ
Сãôãɱ޸Щˡʻţϣҹ붼ί
仰˵мֹߣĲӦֻǺЦЦ
ûӦϧǰʮ㣬Сò׷ɺ֮ǰԼĳٶˡ
׼ݸģ˵ϲС˵Եģ͸㡣
ļȷԼȤ鼮࣬Ҳûܾĺ⣬ҿ֮ͻɡ
ˬһЦУҲżҪ
㻹ûĶ˵仰ȴۼط򽭻ˡ
˵Ӵʱַ죬ƫƫУһĴ磬ñ˭졣
СãˣüŻҡ
򽭻صҵʱѾӰˡ
򽭿һСĶӵķֻɵؿãղǸ㣿
̹صͷ򽭿磬ᣬҵġ
򽭿ԽԽµãŮɵС
ĵԴʵϲˣ
һ㶣Ȼҡͷ磬ˣҺͨѡ
ȴע⵽ûϲ顣
һ£Сã֮ǰһֱ˵Ҫ޵ǰҲôûãӣû
ֻǣ֪Ȼ㣬ǵײǺһˣǵĲǺһҪصǼġ
Сô㣬һҵ־ͬϵİ¡
ı򽭼仰˵۾ᣬЩĻûʧѵã磬ѵûѵû֪Ϊ˰ѡġ
̾һããȻ˻Ҫġ
᲻ģίصҲɣҲ˶Ϊ˻س顣

뿪֮Ҳû̻֪Ժȥ˴Ӳ绰ؼҡ
绰ܿͱͨһŮ˵С㣿绰ؼǴʲô
С֪ˣ͵Ӳ
εص裬ҾˣѵҴ绰ؼңͲǹļ
һˣһ֪ӣ˵ɣδ绰ؼҪʲô飿
֧֧죬ųɵؿڵ裬ϲʲôĶϱ
ԭ汻⻰һϲˣ
ǡʱпˣԷʧɫӣĵѯʵôˣģ
泯˵ͷּ׶ӵĻ
ûѵŤص裬ˣҾʶѡ


 34 

ŲŶӵĻ, Ҫڳϲ˵Ϣϧͽ, һҲûڳõϢ
һ䡰Сӡ֮, ع˵绰
С˵ʲôôص
˵һ, С, ҪµĴ廨ҰסˣƫƫξȻҪһʲôĶϱ
ҲӦ, ҷ⽨˼룬ŵڵ͵Ĺƫ, Ǳˡ
ŵڵ, Ǹż㡣ϲһ֪Ҳƽ, ȻҪȢһã˵ô, ѵҪһӣ
ͬܵص˵ͷ, ڽ⺢һ, Һֲ, Ҳһʱ£¹͵͵ˡ
˵֪½һ£ǴԺ治ϡ¡
׸£ûӵ¹ⲻһʱԻۣصĻֳ˺ӡ
˺, Ůҳ϶зΣҪȻһåѹġ
ЩҲ룬ҪԺسˣѵźӽӻǲ֪лڹܵöϡ
ɰ㶢ˣ֪ĻڶǨӣҪ͵͵ˣǾһӵ飬ҪȻʱеڵġﶣѵ
ͷ˵е֮ǰ˵ҪСȥξ֮ǰܿûͬ⣬ڿСȥĥãҪȻһֱСԡ
ֺͺ˼䣬ͻؼˡ
Ȼ˵ŶӲ£֮ǰƴǻسǵ£;ЩԾ֮һصģ
ǡɸøӯһȹҶĸۣʧģرŶĸ첲ĸǲϲ𣬿һӣҶҺ׽ˡ
ﱻӯЦˣֵش˴Ķͷϵ˭ֻСȸ֨֨ĳԿۡ
ӯ˾С죬װصСȸҿɰ𣿡
һЦٶҲֵѾͷˣˣˣͶһƿˡ
˵ҲУôĸҲһҪæ
øʮղǿ쵽ҺҲûȥȻСѾͷôУȥ꣬Ҫȱʲôٸҡ
Ǳ̸ˣҪһʱҡ
ӯٺһЦĸһ仰صɡѵҶѾϲĶˡ
ӱıֶһŵģŵڶӯһϲµø磬һֱϰߵغ硣
һۣԸԸĸһˣ
ӯЦصͷȻԸ⡣

Ȼǲ֪˶ĺ棬ٴμ꣬гؼҵʱ
ԶԶţȺеĸ࣬ԭɬٱҲøǶˣƫƫľһ۾ܿ
ԭ򰮹˵ĸУתҲ㶡
ȴһװûĿбӵش߹
гϡϴμгͻȻһгȻ˲Сĺ䶯
˿г۾ɴˣֵ׷ġ
Сãг
ҪǮһܹɣ
ԭڵŸ˵ʵ򰮹ûˣתͷһŷָ궢ĵıӰ
εҡҡͷѾͷǰ԰ڣͲﳵÿгȥˤûͷģҲ֪ͼʲô
ԣȴ𵱳ˣҪµĳŵ
ԭĶӵģΪС˲ȴû뵽¹ʱֱסˡ
ļһģŵģҪƾԼгͻң𣿡
ĶѾøܾ׼ˣȴû뵽ֻ˼һ£͵ͷӦˡ
á
ĸе⣬ɫƽģ־ˣҲ˼ֻǱȽŵˡ
ҲܸǲԸģԹ˵гǰ档
꿴ŮıӰεع˹ǣȻȥ
ûƽ츳ʹ̵棬ҲȻҡҡڰڵģҪǸںţҪˤȥˡ
꿴һѾּ̫ĺгϾˣȰɣżѧгһ顣
ĸŤƵģҪǲ˷ʱ䣬ߣԺҲ鷳ˡ
⻰øüͷŮģǿƵؽӹгͷҴӦ㣬Ȼᷴڡ
͵ˣѧ
ȥ
תͷصԸģұġ
ƢصͷԸġ
ˣг
֮󣬽һȣгͶԶСֽԶȥ
紵˰ɫĳ죬Ҳıġ
˿ĺ󱳣ͻȻ˫ֽס˸
꣬˵Ůһг̸ˡ
ûϵĵĶгҡһ¡
ĬţȴıԼϡ
֪Ҫ֣ǿؽԼ˫֣вص꣬ҪپܾңҾ޸ˣ
߬гѣŬ仰Ӱ죬ƽص֣ŮӼһ²ġ
ļôƽǿΪ͹ΪһҲں
ʹԷȴȻĸ顣
Ļ䣬Ҳˣɿ֣꣬˵鲻һֱֲģ㣬Ҳ׷㱳һӡʮˣﶼѾʼ࿴ˣҳˣͱŮ
Ůĳһʶ߬סջص֡
ĳ˳Լ֣û
ԭԥסŮʱͻȻظĸо
᲻޸ˡ
ĿһԼס֣꣬סҵ֣ʹӦˣҪԺ㷴ˣҿһӶ㡣
ȻûסĵȴӼᶨˡ
ͼ˵ԼȻҵѾıˣҲҲδػǰɢ
һʱ䣬Ҳü
ĸƵ¶ȣ¶ĵһЦݡ
ٻص֪Ժǰܵģ۾߾ûƿ
ͷһĻһС
˳ŷٵ߿ȥڿžµʱ۾ľˡ
û뵽ССһӣһСˣһˣǲа
ԣ񣬡ôֿϱŮˣ
СΪǼˣһЦһѷٵصģֻϲ㡣ϾһҹްնҶôҹˣŮ˳ٺÿҲϲ


 35 

˵ٻҲԵ
챻ĽҴ֮, ٲԸĵǸҲ֪Լ˴ӳ, ԺӴŲù, ȥ֪һسǵͷ
ٵʱǴ֪ΣȴɺϵεĶӡ
ΪΪ, ȻŹ, Ｑؽ˸ˡ
˾ͲǿȣºȻˡ
ֻǹ֣һ۾ƳЩߵƯŮ˵, һسǵĻͽٸ˻ȥ
ǷʵϲΪ˺˸, 󲿶ӻˮձϢ, ŵֻҪĸԸŮ, Ͱõһ
˵ŸϷصͷ
ֻ۾Ͳ, ȻûԼŮѵ
˲Ŀ, õصǰ, Ŀ⾯ؿŶԷ
˱絶Ŀһ, ȻǸСˣܻ쵽Ҳû£
ǰһͲǺǵģʶȤջһӣЦ׷ٵװ, ˣҡ
ûʲôĻӦҲ⣬ϲľǷŮˣϳ۳ҵʱĿС
Ȼ꼰ʱصסĻǿ˷ٺܵһĻ
ĺ漫ˣ뿴ʲô˾ȻѷŮ˸ˡ
ϧ֪ĵ뷨һʵʵģɫˣȻȥɡ
̽ͷͷˡ
Ĳ˼䣬︹̸ɫͦģܵôϣģ֪ĻΪһ֣ǽһꡣ
СŮԹ̫Ѩ
ĲŷԼﻰ˵ɫãڨڨһЦҲҺ̫ˣˡ
Ȼȥˣ
꿴ñӻıӰεҡҡͷ
Ŀһ棬ˮĳ磬ֻ÷̣ԭ˻ĵġ
ʵǲģٳصѾһˣͲöԲ㣿֪ϲİɣ㲻
ֻǵƳ˷һۣͽԺӣͷٶ
˫߬Įӵ̬ȣҪˡ
ԭΪǶŮ˶ûģȴû뵽ǳػῴĵǸŮˡ
ЦһҪ˵ĸάֶá

߽֪֮󣬷һűֽ֮ǰӳ˵Ͷһ£
ԭֻǱǲĿĿֻԽһΥ͵ϤС
ĩβıѡʱǷɿƬΣֻǻʧ̫죬겢ûץס
߬űֽһܴʲô
쳣ģע⡣
һŷָˣ˵ļ򣬡꣬ˣҪٲҶΪҪﳣסأ
㿴ʲôɫôؿֽд£ͷԡ
Щʧǵҡҡͷֹɫ
ɫΪˣԭ͸߿࣬Ҳ˻ȥ
˵һ̹ϵĻҲʹˡ

Ȼĺ͸һˣ˶Ĭص͵¡
ǵﷴԣǿĵ
֪಻̸ǽ鶼ҪӴ򱨸棬Ҹʱʽݷˣٹ˹ϵ
ĶԴ˵ûʲô⣬͵͵ķʽС̼졣
֮꼶ĿڻָĻԾ
ڽ̨Ͻ棬Ҳдд
껹ΪרΣֻǽģͷԾˡ
Ǧڰֽ軭Ȼ긵֮׼һ·ʲôʽͷ
ģڸʲô
˵ץţԴѸٵؽֽ棬ȻΣؽִڿϣʦҴˣҲϿһĶõġ
˽ѵ²Ϊ
Ĺɵصͷȴ㽫ֽϽ
꿴һıȻּϿΡ
ȫûвͬѰĹϵͬؿһۡ
ѧ֮󣬸꽫ĺ칫ңղǸϡ
칫ûˣĿСضŸĵص꣬Ҵˣҳˡ
޳֣
ЩᣬһƷˡ
һޱˣ뵽֮ǰˬĳͷٲԸҲֻܽȥ
˵͸һ֮Ψһľһģ֪ģΪ׵ء
꿴һĵĻ軹̸ĵģһʱ䣬ͻģˡ
ļóİã겻òĳЩ츳ǰɼôǱˡ
ļ͵ϸͻȻе㲻˼Ҫע⽫
˭֪ǰϵĵĶһֽ
Ųܸ㣬㻹ҡ
ĲˣҪ
ֻ߲е󣬸ֹ⽫ٵĸ߸ߵģııü¶ûɹ
۵˵˻һعⶺ
Ĳ׽Ц⣬ҧҧͻȻһѱס˵Ȼһҧס˵°͡
ûϵĵĶ֮£Ҳûзر˻ֽ
ʱſһŮȵ磬ǣ
лҪ˵һдЩż޸һ¡

 36 

ӯһ˫Ĵ۾ƺһˡ
øոպ, Ȼδɩܵһ档
ûϵ칫һˣĲ, æҵشӸ
ȴ븵궯, ĴԼ֮󣬼еǰץסӯ, ӯ, ôˣǼʲô𣿡
ĺ׼֮£궯˺󼸲, ֱֱӿĵǣ۵
ռһ۶κǳ, ȴһҲûԼ³çˡ
ӯҲûмôеģ, ҡҡͷ, Цŵ磬û¡յ, ϲ
꿴ǰõ, ȴǰǸظɱŮ
ǰֱس֮, ֪þʧ, ֻǼ˲ĸ߿ʧһֱ
һֱãҲСĵغǻ˭֪ӯڼ˶֮󣬾ͷظˡ
ԺһڰѹֵĻ棬ѹĵ׵߬ŸӯԽս
ӯıŵ, 磬ôˣ㲻ӭ
˫峺޹˫ۣʶԼˡ
Ͻ֣õѵ֪ʣһŮôҶһˮأͲ˽ˡ
ӯع˹ӣ磬̫СˣοǷĸյģҪ۸ңҾĸ״ȥ
ȴزԾ裿
ø绳ɵĿ⣬ӯŷԼ˵©ˣסͣһʲôû˵ӣƫƫĿ̲סġ
ĵʱӯ޵ˣ磬иԭδɩôƯ
ԭԸðʧЩԹֻǿǰ˼ŮҲ෴ֱ׵Ļ˴
֪طָղÿһЩÿģĺߣĿóȥƹ
ӯԸرߣתĸ״ɩܹܶ磬ԴС
һ¸ӯԴŪȥȴҲûÿСɩĳƺ
ӯڷ
ֱ߳칫ҺϵȶȲһЩ
֣Ÿ첲Ҫˡ
ûʶãͷˣü첲⣬ŷԼղŶ̫³çˡ
ǰסĵ֣Ūˣ
ļҪߣӲ鿴˴㿪ˣ˿ſڴȻǶԸӯղŴһ¡
ĵĹǣҽˣġ
˵ţǿƵؽĵ𣬵ȿ⴦һ࣬üͷղ̫³çˣŪˡ𣿡
ʵҲֻһ˲ۣѾûˡ
ŮԽԽ飬ԭûۣҲˡ
ۿؿ߸꣬Ȼˣҿһ㶼ںңҪȻղһþͽ˦
֪Ҳý˵ʵѾʮûǰȥã֮£û˷ִ硣
ȥҩҡתҪ뿪
ĸϽסΪҲҪҩƣ̫ˣҺͲˡ
껹ΪԼˣεصͷ㻹С𣬻Ҫ
ֱ׳ص԰ҽ꣬Ҫ
ؿšꡱȷĲˣҪȻҲˣ
Ĺ壬˶˵ˣ¾͵ϴղŪˣѵԸҺ
صͷսĵĸ첲⣬СŮѡ
˿ĽǶ͵͵Цˡ
ֻǴǸϢ̫ĽˣܾñϢĵطиëġ
첲ͶˣˣҲˡ
ȴûֹͣսĵĸ첲
ģµģѾֹͣ˼Ψһ뷨
ķӦ֮󣬶ϷʵĿ⣬ʶԼϷˣϷ̣֧֧˵һ㣬㣬㡭
Ȼһһʱˣȴһֱзִ磬ܵزСֻ߱һ𣬴ûйߵܡ
ҲǵһηԭҲôˡ
ľԼЩֶı㡱ĳˣɴĶˡ
ܺ󣬶ƺ˵ЦƺڳЦĵСߡ
룬Ųأֻǲ뱻ĳ˸ռˡ
Ҫ֪ű۸ˣŲô׵ԭ
ӯһֱûԶСѧϹΣˣֺ˻
磬ô۸Ҷɩˣˡ
Ѿȴ꾫ܵҲֱҪʵ˵ɣĿʲô


 37 

Ķ˵̸޴ӵ֪, Դ֮󣬸ӯסҡ
򰮹˼øӯͼŮ֪ס, ˭֪ӯŮ֪, ܾˣֵҪסļҡ
򰮹ӯĺ, ʹ˵֮, ͬˡ
ӯ뿪֪Ժ֮ǰǰظ֤磬, һ㶨ĸġ
Դ֪ĵĻڵ֮󣬸ӯͶԸЧʾͲˡ
Ϊһ, ȻԶҸ岻ݴǡ
ӯҪֺһ, С˼÷ܱ򶯡
رǸӯסҲǰס, ʳס޷ѣ˼һЩز֮, ĵļɩӶԸӯ̬Ⱦ͸ˡ
ӯһڡ̡صؽŵ̲סĵû뵽֪ûͦϲ, һΪ׶Ķ߰ء
ЦЦ, ޸ӯĻ
˭뵽ӯ, ؿĵǴĸ׼ģֺδĸɩ˵㲻ϱ
ļӯ䲻븵꣬絹ͦõġôֺˡ
ӯػ˻Դ, ǵȻˣҿǶá
һЦҲ֪ôӯ龫ֵá
Ǹࣿ

ӯǺʱպջʱ
Ҫˮ죬ȫ˶ȥˡ
ɽӵСʮԣһľ裬СͰȥ©
ӯ֪֮Ҳ⻻·ȥ
аĶȥʱѾˮ¶һƬ̲ˮӴˮ档
С룬ʮүΧŲ㣬һ𡱵ʹʮ֡
ʣܼ©ǳװˮͰ
ӵһȥһ֡
ӯ˿СҲΧϼҲԾԾԣҪһȥ
ĿļˣҡҡͷǾڰϼ㣬ȥŪ·
ӯҲЩԥ˷ܻѹ˼
ȥæ
ĵ˵ͷȻͿԭɰСһµžݽһƬˮӯȾˡ
㶣ӯͬһ£ֻЦ
ӯһˣ
ӯĨĨϵֿۣһվڰЦݲõŮˣĵСħð˳Ĳע⣬ץһ;һ
ķӦʱѾˡ
ӯóˣϽǰ˼ץˡ
ģץҡ
Ŀ˿ʹĸӯҪץסʹĳˣֶӲ
ŭҧҧвӯ!Ҫ㲻ôʰ㡣
ӯŲأָĵĺ棬Ҷˡ
֮ǰͱӯϷˣ ŲеڶΣҲûá
ʲôûáȴ⻰䣬
һתע⵽ϵˡ
üĨôԼŪôࣿ
Ĳصһۣøɵġ
꿴һվڲԶ͵ЦĸӯҵȻѵ
ԣˣʾؿһ۸ӯ
ӯֲֵƲƲǣ⼸죬Ҳ͵һһ㣬֮Ƿġ
ȻôһǴ
Ǽɫõļһ
꿴ɵСЦҡҡͷ
ȻվڽܵĻǱ˿
ԶķٿһԱ߲ŵ㣬ôܸûƭɣ
عͷ٣ڴĿ⣬ͻȻЦˡ
˫ֻأӵؿŷٵǹҿһĻҲ²뷨ǲǾһ̳ȥȻͽһܡ
Цһ٣㻹浱֣˶ǴġҺͽʮͬһӳĺøǣΪһСúֵܷĿɳ𣿡
㲻Ǵٻ⽫Χ۸ĵܻĿΪʲôһ
ϧľǱ˽ɴ
ȻûϵӦͲǹ㣬Ǻѡ
ص˭涨̸һҪߺѵġ
ˣŮҼöˣǵòޣ˽굱ûϹĺڹѸ
ٱòᣬˡ
һߣϵĵɵ
˿Զˣذ˰ԴҲˣ۲Ĳ
ûע⵽úĽװˮͰû֮󣬾Ͷһ˻֪Ժ
Ҫص֪Ժʱͱסˡ
̸̸꣬ɡ
꿴ޱ㣬Ѿ˲²⡣
˵ͷƽصá
Ҫǰ㿴ֵ⸱ŵģֻ»̾磬Ȼ縵꣬޳ܣ
ȥڵСֱϣ뿪˵ЩʲôȭͷѾ
귴ӦѸ٣Ҳ飬ȭȭش
ƴĺݾǺѣѪĵˡ

 38 

ò, Ǵֵܺʤһɣһˤݺݵˤ˵, ԼҲ۵̱˲ݵϡ
, ء˻һ
һΪΪζ򲻻֣û뵽һݡǰôûôĺأжʹ, ǲԵĵط, 㶼ѾĻôԹ۸ˡ
㿴һ۱ĸ꣬ҲûԿ̹һЩ
ĨһǵѪ, ЦЦˡ
֪˵ڸ, һ, Ҳ, һˣֻҪû, Ҿлġ
ҡͷ, 㲻Ǹġ
һʹ, ˧, ɲһҲһ췢ҵĺã˦ͶҵĻҲһ
Ҳ㽫ԼҪ㻹òģԺҺĽ˺, ҲԵҺӵĸɰ֡
ֻñǧٿ׵ֱһִ˸һȭ
룬־ÿУҪ˹ŮԺСӣҾҼСȢҹŮ
üͷһΪʲôŮ޸ҵĶӣ
˫ֻأȻΪҶӿ϶˧ɰˣʱܽҹŮˡ
ǰ棬ûķΪûˣ͸ӵˣﻹֿԡ
ֻһ뵽ҪȢϱûˣСӣ;й
ô˧ϲˣСΪʲôûĺã˽ǸȤļһء
ĸֻεҡҡͷûн˵һʱϷԵ档

ֵúݣֻкļһȻۼˣһ߸ҩƣһԹǻСôѧСӴˣ
Ȼû˵˴ܵԭ򣬿ҲµһЩ˶ĬԹ¡
ꡰ˻һĽŴսôˣҰ㣿
ȴץĵֽ˳ԼĻСãҾȥҰݷúòã
ŵˣ᲻̫ˣ
ǻǵﵱжҪ̸֪Ȼ׷󸵽ģûɽ
˭ҹմıŮǵòдɡ
꽫ĲƵģͲԺ󻹻ᱻİĽк
ӱȵϢģĲڵƿë׵ԴЭҪ㲻㣬ɡ
˵ô˵ĻˣҪôһģɱ˵׷ġ
Цصͷţ֮һֱ׷ġ
ˣ￪ʼƻҪôǰźۼ渵˵ûŲϳ

ӯǸʱ֪Ѿ׼ݷüҳϢ
⼸һջ˼ٽ㣬ÿÿֵܷһ㣬ȱǮӱ˼㣬ͳԳˡ
ϵͳĲףһС
Խӽϲʱ䣬Խǣĵıǰ
è壬øӯȥ
ӯЦصģһὫ˵Ҷ
ӯȡЦˣѾ治ɫػػˣٲȥҾͽǷݸˡ
жСԻӯ˵԰飬Ͻ죬δɩġĲ֪͡Ժȥ
ԺǰĻŵеָ֪ͳԵˡ
Ȼ֪Сòˣ㻹̲סģ⽫ӯסˡ
ǸʲôóԵģҲҳһ
ӯĳأݺݵصһۣ㣬δɩ͸Ҹģûķݡ
㱻òѪǰôû֣ü˲ӡ
ӯһЦƹ֪ȥ
ӯˣϵıʣдõŷŽŷˣѾĳƱȥպöͻؾǰɡ
ӯ죬ߵ磬ǹӲţ
˵ͷȷûʲôôˣȥҲˡ
˵㣬ӯûôˡ
زʲôʵôˣͶìˣ
ӯҡҡͷûСǰΪһ糳ܡ磬˵ǻ᲻鰡
˼ȴοӯʲôأ岻ǺͶͦõ𣿡
ǰЩ׽ڴȻ˶㲻ϲȴҲû˷޸黳ɣϾˡ
ΪƸңʹø˵ĶļƲҲΪ档
ֻǣõĻҲʲô
ӯ˼Ͷ˵賳ʱĶԻƺܼ޸ǳɹ֣ǣﻹһŮˡ
˸һãȻ飬ȴҲྴӯԸֻɹ

ӯҲû˵ٶ죬Ʋֵ뿪֪Ժ
֪Ժҵ·ϣպþӲ
ԻϳǸãͺסǸ֪ðɡպã˸绰ˡ
ӯЩ⣬һҲǴĸʶĵˡ
ӯڽӵ绰֮ǰѾø壬㽫ĸȥȴ绰ͷʹĿӯӯֱץˡҪ飬ȰȰ֣Ҳ֪ǰƷлƽ治ǹġ

 39 

ӯŵ, ״Σ裬ȱ, ׳ʲôˣֱץ, Ǵأ, ȥҴ󲮰æ
绰ͷƿ޵øˣҲ, ĸԹǶ˵ǲˡӯӯ費ǹ, Ҳ֪ǻڸҵƷ
ŵųѳ, ²ˡ
ӯȻС, Ҳ֪ʱѳжصĺ, ֮ǰǼҾͽЩŶˣƽﶼҸߵ¡
ӯ֪ЩСë, , ǰݾ;ƲҪձ˵Ʒ, ˭֪ô顣
ûвЩƷ, ߾Щôλǵı⡣
ӯһ֮ǰ˵ĲҾ磬̲ס
ֱòмû
ӯź£Ƶ֮, ȥҸꡣ
ӯƵͨʱûűܿˣ˵ĶԻرԻƸˡ
Իĥţѵ⸵֪ҳˣ
ӯҪܻ֪Ժ磬ˣ취ȾȰְ֣취ȾȰְ֡
ӯûоִͷĿ־壬֮ǰȻǶдǼСڷ絲꣬񳤱ץˣӯڼʱױˡ
ץſ޵ãʲôˣӯӯż˵
ӯҭŽղƸĻظһ顣
Ƕ£ɫ㡣
ԭһֱ˶Щ˹ʼʩȴû뵽ΪһЩı䣬һЩҲԭĹ
Ĩϵˮغӯӯ£Ҳֻһʱʧ˷ִ磬ҰֻҶζ屻ݺܵġ
ӯ޵ñӺģ磬Բ𣬶Ǽǡ
갲ã£һᱣġ㲻ϧһдۣҲܵϱӵ˺
Ȼõת껹Ǿ绰ؼѯ¡
ֻŵ绰һͨһͨûнͨʱɫҲԽˡ
ӯԱߣ˿绰ֿ򸵽꣬˶޴ˡ
ڣڸ꽫Ҫʧȥĵʱ򣬵绰ڱͨˡ
ꣿ绰ﶡʮƣĳյ˺ܴľš
裬ֺͶô£
ӳȵᣬżﱻѵ߰ĳʧصص꣬ǧˣ
̸֪˶֮ǰˣӦӯӯȥ̽Ϣ
ŮʵҪϲǹ½ɣǧˡ
߬ŻͲֽ˽裬żҲֻ龪һΪ˴Ҷ֪̰ĵˡ
ʵ˾ǸʺǸǵ˰˱ѪùȻȢϱص
һϲ沣۽ֶС˼ҪǿûʲôķϣͲˡ
꿴һ۵ͷĸӯס绰Ͳϸذοĸף裬ģһȥҲô
ȱ𼱣һҪ嶯£һȥ
ӵİοöȶˣ˵ʵڵģҵ˻ˣҪǸĲȥҲ֪Ǻá
˶ĵ绰̴֮ͨظίΰ칫ҵĵ绰Ǹ꣬һ£ϴ˵а취Ұسǵ
ӯؿһ۸꣬ҪȰø٣뵽һȥ֪òܻ־ûس֮١
ӯԽԽΣͲһ㣬ܺһˣȴ£Ҳ֪᲻Ӱ˵ĸ顣
Ҫسûڣټڰ칫һӯƵĶԻһʮʮ٣Ӷ֪֪Ҵųˡ
˵֮Ҳˣȥ֪ԺҸ꣬ȴӯ˵ǰˡ
ӯεؿģСãģֻȥ֪سˣ㽻ġ
ʲôӯȴ롣
ǰӯճɾٴѶͦȥһ뵽Ǽҳˣѵĸܿࣿ
ʧҡҡͷοһͬŵĸӯͻؼˡ
ֻ⼸Ƶȥ֪Ժһʧǵ飬СòԾֵСӱƭˣͽֵš
ǲţʮַŭǸ֪ȻƭСø飬֮ǰǸˣȻѻһڣ
СҪĶţϽס裬Сÿϲ֪࣬ȥĵġ
ŭ䲻żĺܹ۸ˣҪû׸ô!
Ψһеҵһֱ͵͵̸ҪǱ֪ĺ͸̸ˣڸֻسǣʱԶġ
ҪǰССӺ͸ͦģҳˣһִ̯£ΪĵˣȻ̤ӡ
һʧǵĹŮһۣȻС㶢СãȥǸ֪ࡣ
С˵ͷ裬ģһῴСõġ
лҪ˵СʹӦ½޷⣬ṩԹķʽ
һ֣Ը߼VIPûҳ湺򣬹APP
ڶ֣㿪APPģ񡿡VIP񡿡ҵģȫµѡͿԹ½
֣½ĶҳѡϽǵؼͷҲɹĶ


 40 

ȵʱ, Ѿʱ֣һƣػص֪Ժʱ, Ҳ㶡
, ң
һҿɵ㸵֪һ, Ҿֱ, ǲǺǼСúˣ
⸱ڵģѾµ⣬Ĭص˵ͷ
Ӳ, ʣλسǣôǼС, 㣿
ǵȶ, һ, ꣬ʮꣿ
˵, ҼСøһܿࣿ
ֽս, ѵص, , Ҳĵġ
ˣһʶȤȻˡ

Ĳ֪͵͵ȥҸ̸ˡ
Ҳ˲ϻᱻ˷֣е˳ȥ
ڼĬĬ۲˵Сǵص裬ȥҸ֪࣬ӦҪ𣿡
˶ŵĳ, һҲӦѵСøһԿࣿ
СüСû᲻ġ
һʱܺùһܿࡣ˵ˣҿǸոҲδضϲСáȥҼСԶ㣬ֻĬһʹӦˡҪںСãô׷ҼΡ
С˵ͷûôҪǸĲ⣬ǻǶҲãǼСûҪΪһ˶Լȥ

ļһ̣˵ͬ鳲ͶĻԹˣһΪ㲻Ҫˡ
ȴûƽʱסģĮؽԼһģҪسˡ
Ƿְɡ
㶵ؿԼյ֣ΪԼˡ
ǿЦ꣬ڿʲôЦǲǸһһ𣿡
侲ùֵĸ꣬ĵʮּǰץס֣ǲǵң˵Ҫҷֵģ
Ҳͬ⣡ҵ׷׷ô࣬һ仰ȫҵŬ⡣꣬Ҳͬ⣬ûҵˣֻҲܲҪ㣡ۿؿŸ꣬һǿ
ƿĿ⣬ȥĵı飬üžǧ֮ĺĮε޹ء
Ȼˣ˵ѡֻǵ֮䲻ʡ
ģʵһֱһ£ӯӵĿĲֻףյģǷ̽Ϣġ
֮ǰ˵ˣϲµĶϱҲӦˡ
ԡ꿴ģ˵ǾĳױĻʵһʼֻǱòƻһֱûһ𡣡
ģҶԲ㣬ԣǷְɡ
۾죬һ˹ȥ꣬㲻Ҫ
ᣬԳع˹죬ⲻһʼĿģҵļҵġ
غ۾һʼȷһЩС˼꣬Ϊ׷ԼѧϰԼСӣЩȴûп
꣬͵ҿˣĳһĵˡ
꿴ԶıӰӽ
ӯϵʱֻվԭһһ򣬾֪ˡ
ӯģſǻ硭
ͷˮգ˻ȥµתӯӯǻؼҡ
ӯۡһŸ磬Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
걧ãԴοӯӯޣû£²㣬ǶԼѡ񡣡


г̺ܸϣʰŸӯؾˡ
뿪֮ǰ㻹ķˣ
ƽص˵ͷ
⸱ƽģ̼㡣
һ໰ҧʲôʱ
꣺㣬ԺҪչˡ
Ҫһȭкҧгݵصٵһ꣬Ҫһ㻹ûҿɲ˼ֵ飬û
ЦЦ㣬лл㡣ˣŲԭˡ
صЦͱЦЦñȿ޻ѿ
ԳĬļ򣬾ʹŸӯĻվ
ӯߵڵλʱػͷһۣ磬ǻл𣿡
ȴûлͷͷ̲סڡ
ģǶûµġ국ػ档
СЩ˶ԸҵĶ⣬û뵽һһЩıЩǰԸˡ
ȻצӣǾ͸ɴ಻Ҫˡ
һЩɫ
ڸԵĸӯԴ˿ܾ꣬öЩһˡ

ˮغ;һһ͸ӯŻصǡ
ڼ丵ڻϻһΣʲôݣ֮ȴˣֻǵáѡ֡
ϵĳխ̵ĸӯ˯Ȼ˯òȣʱʱ߽
ø˸ǱӣԼȴûм˯Ŵⲻͣ˵Ӱ
źХֱеҹ磬֦ҡҷӰĴڳϣ
ȻȴʮƽΪ֪ʱ£µȴġ
ĳ˶ǳƣȻ͸ӯһ³ȴûüؼҡ
Ϊһ߳վ̨ͱΧˡ
Ϊ׵ֻʮңŸ㲵ģһЦ꣬Ҳн졣


 41 

˼ؿŸ, ߰ɣǸ˾Ͳһ, ȥһžۡ
ӯΧ, ؿ򸵽꣬硭
֪˼֮ǰΪϲٰͯ㿴˳, ҪǶ, ˭֪᲻ûº֡
Ե˼вȴʮֵͲ鷳, ҵġ
˼ЦһԼֱϴ, , ɲ, ߡ
˼ῴԼĹǣȻĳЩ˾ƲԳԷ, Ǿ͸ѵ
, ˸磡һʮ߰ĹΧŸ, ŵ˦ȭͷ
ڼҪԸ궯ֵʱ, һɽװ˲Ⱥ˹
ס֣ͣ
ϧ˼˴ֹۣš
˿ҪԴкŵ඼ɤˣϽڸǰ, ŭؿЩ޷ˣʲô
˭㵨ӣȻҶǿƼ˶֣
˼ῴȻʮ⣬ʾ֣ͣȻ壬ҲǱβŶԸ궯ֵģʵЩ۶࣬ҪǱˣǵĻǱô죿ԴЩˣ͵ҪɨҶĹϣ
ҡ˼ɻصʲôʱ˿Ƽˣһֲ𣿡
һ࣬ǿӲصҺ͸ݲһ¡ڸͬ־ѾǿƼˣûͬ⣬˭Ҷұ˲ţǻӣ
ֻԼ磬ҪǸˣǶԹ˵Ǵʧ
Ҫ֮ǰҲһܹǰ˲˵ķǰĹһţֲòЩǴ
˼Щʵؿһվĸ꣬壬ɱϺͿˣǸʱңôܻк˼ɱһЩԻˡ
͵صͬ־ǲǺͬ־ֲۣ֮ҪҶ֣ǺּΪС
˼᲻ظֻɽ㼼һûʲôۣ˼ȴò˵ӡ
У壬ϣǾͲѵˡֻҲǷ£Ҫȥ飬ҲΪǵĹ
Ȼбģóһ˺µţˣڸͬ־ǿƼ˹ܣʲôԵ⣬ҪҲǷ
˼ῴһģֲʵؿһ۽꣬κˡ
ߡ
˼һߣͽŵؿ򸵽꣬꣬û°ɣЩûɣ
ҡҡͷûУֲúܼʱû˵ҡ
ҵһǾͺãǾͺá
ͬ־֮ǰᵽǸ߶˷ԭô뵽ģ֮ǰ͵òǺٸҽһ𣿡Ǹпһ鷳ͼеѯԼҪ֪Ķ
꿴˿ֵĻվεصֲѵǾ˵
ʶﲻ̸ܵĵطԼԴյصҺͿˣߣҶڵ㡣
ŶˣҪҪͼ٣ҪȥһȽƫԶĵطʵ飬ҲҪܳ
ϣ˵ҰֺͶǣ
ȻֱȴҲζؿŸҶĹǣҲ֪˲ŵԣֻҪףǼҾͲ¡
Ĭһ֪ҵʱȫˣܲܶɹҪṩĶжټֵ
֮иӯӯӯʱͲؼˣ裬Ҫҡ
ӯȫû˵ĶԻҪ뿪꣬Ļҵص磬Ҫȥ㻹𣿡
εصСѾͷǰ;أϹġ
ӯȻִŵؿ򸵽꣬Ŀⲻ
갲ؿһۣû£ҺܻܿġȻȥͼ˱ƽǲõҡ
˵꣬͸ˣҲȥ
ӯֻ۰Ͱ͵ؿŸ뿪ʧ뿪վ
*
ԴӸس֪֮˽СһֱĻѹ
˭֪Ļؼ֮󣬾͸ûһ뿪ˣҲȻʮƽƽҪ֮ǰǲԼҹŮˡ
Сĵع۲һģ˽ºҧ裬СôһѹûС
Ҳ֣²ҲССûϣǸ̸ֻ֪ǹҼһ
С˵ͷҲֻˣҪȻ˻ô侲һҲСӵӡ
ҲֱȥģҪǱ֪ǲ͸֮ĸ飬»Թǡ
˲ģֹ۲ļ죬ķĲ֮󣬾ͳ׷ˣҲûٶġ
ķ˲ٽ֮󣬾ĵ㣬ȥҸꡣ
ǸΪ˵һݻģδ̫СˣŲĶһĶûС
һʼԥļֵ֮ǰҷָҺһֻΪļҪΪˣӦĻ
Ϊ˳ģҲҪȥһ𰸣ҪȻһӶṢڻŲ¡ִŵؿ㣬ü̥ǰļ͡
ɬҲԼûʶζݵĸıж١
ĵļ֮£ûֹĵľҲԼӦĻ͵͵ȥ
ϵؿ㣺лл㣬㡣
صлɶҪĸмңԺͶҺõ㡣
ĵͷûлӦ㻰İʾ
㿴Ĳ̾һôͳһأ»Ҫ׷ǣҲûбˡ

Ӧ֮󣬾ȥ򰮹ٻؼңҵĽǲĸꡣ
򰮹мΪĸˬؾ˼ڡ
ǣһŽԼȥ֮ľ͸ĵظǣһҲûˡ
ǰǽĻǵһ𳵣ҪĻ˼Ƥ𳵺棬Դϻ֮ľһ˼ģȻûֵƽ
ԭ˵ЦŪϧֻǿس˳ǣ뷢״̬
ҲûйΧææ⡣
齹Ϊ˵һʱ꣬Ǵϸϵİֻ˼·һЩǮƱ
óԼˮ׼İͷȥˮȻֽͷȥ£ϸӣҪǱ׵֪ˣ»ᶼԼĶӻôֺһŮӡ
ͷ֮󣬲ŽͷݸģЩɡ˻뻹Ҫ졣ҪǲԶûǣܲˡ
ĵһлȻӹͷ
㲻ϲģҪѡԸ겻һֱģϴǵЦݣżһЩСĻҲһãȻģ
ǳ鵽ϲһĲԼϵʲôζˡ
ɬȴָ֮¡
ƣ͵ĳ֮˾ǡ
㿴һɫԲ԰׵ģ۵صҪȴȥдϢһȥҽꡣ
ļᶨҡͷҲۣ߰ɡ
ʼû취ܾģֻܽ󲿷ԼϣҶȥ
ڵĴԺоµС¥Ҳгʷ̵ĺԺ߽ͬľѾֱ۸ܵҵļҵˡ
ԴԺϤ߳һͬڣ͵ǰˡ
ֻǻ䣬Ųһͣס˱ġ
ɻ˳ǰһͿһµĶС¥ǰһƯɫȷȹӵŮЦùغһŵĸ˶Ի
ǵľ벢ԶǵĶԻ
ĸٿһ¡үүҪ˻飬ҺͰְֶǲͬġ
ôãӦΪεǰ̡
ĸҲ۽һ˳𸵼ңĸͳȫҵɡ

 42 

жؿͯͯ, ǸùĸҲϲ㡣ֻ֮ǰʹӦ˽, ĻԺҪ, š
Ҳ֪Ǽе鷳, ĻһʱҲ޷˼ò˵, ͯ黹津˶ģɷְ飬ֲ֪, ʵǻˡ
ͯĳ־һݸҪ֮ǰͯҷ, ҪӦ
ͯЩʧ, ȴȻصĸ, ģһȰҰֺүү渵͸, ǵΪ, ܻߵ顣
, ٴοϧԼҶͯûԵ֡
ʵڲ÷ͯĶϱ, ֵͯĸһֱ֪ǸùȽһתġ
곤úĸ׺ƣܿóµȫ̳˶òֻٸһЩ
Ŀˣ׾Ͳµݡ
˶Ի¡һ, ּĸ׶Ůģĵһ
˷ֵʱ򣬸˵Ļ˵ĸײϲŮǰֻΪҵĽڣڿôһòδڵѹƼ
Ŵ󷽵ֻͯԼΪʮֵؿЦ
㿴ͯҲ죬Īѻ
ҲͯͶ⶯
ǸأǲҲĬѡ
СãҲʲôᣬֻͯǽǰδޣҵͯһڻġ㲻ģΥĵ渵͵
ĳ˳ǣԳصԣ˵һֱϲˣֻΪűƲѷֿһֱҲǸɵˡ
żҪ˵˼ĳʧȥģȥ׷ʲôԭίˡ
һֱΪ׷ĽŲһˣ׷ˡ
㣬һˣҪˣҲȥ㸸ĸɡ
ĵĽŲϲȫȥɡ
ҡͷһҲףǻؼҿɡҶһˣѵ㻹ܶ˲ɡ
̬ȿܣ֪ǲĵӣЭȥվ
ܾ͵ı꣡ۼҪھܾѵǿӲص
ûܾҪеػӡ
Ƕ˵ǸİĵطͬʱҲĵطʹһ̶ִܡ
ʱ׼֣ȥʱȴ쳣Ǳ𳵵ʮżؼңɴҪӲƱסӲǴӱﻨǮƱ
ҪǮ㻹صȱǮˣҪˣϽϳɡ
ֲ㣬ֻĺ⣬Ժʽٻ
ĽõλϣȵҪˣ˻𳵡
ĵƱ̣һϱĿƯתתͬ־ղĶ󣿡
ĶŮ̽Ŀ⣬صұ磬̽׵ġ
δŮ˲ţóϵͳαĽţGʡˮصģ̽޵ǵĹùá
Ů˱ʾǻɣˮ뾩һһùô޵ôԶ
˵ǣ治ɫصùǰھǶѧڴѧҹø
ŮջػɵĿ⣬ȻǼĳƯΪ粻Ϊˣ˽Сᡣ
Ů˼ϴ·ζʮ㣬µ̿ûʶĿʽĺĶļ䡣
ϧƣ֪˵תϢûкŮ˴򽻵˼
Ů˼һ߰ӣõƲƲ죬Ҳĵ
ͷڰϣѹõˮ
ıڵŮĽԼڰˮŵİʪˡ
ĲޣĨᣬƫƫ͸һһֱµ
ľίƾʲô˳ô죬ȴҪΪġ
ģûϢԼµ˶ȥˣﻹƤ׷
ʲôõģǼõ㣬úÿ㣬ѧʶ㣬һһѡ
ֻһֱõҴ߳ʧЧˣѰҸȱ㣬˹ĵദһӿ
ĸɴطſԼˮʪ޵Ҳˣ˯˹ȥ
վŻ𳵵Ӱʧʧ뿪ˡ
λȫ֪ڼӵһ̣ΪԼۻˡ
ӣôӶ¥е壬ۼˣˣˡλãЩˮ
ȴǼеػ˼һȦ裬ڼ𣿡
Щ⣬ӹϵǢΪƤðû뵽λһʱ֡
鷿أôˣʲô£
ȴû˼ش裬¥鷿ȥ
ؿŶӵıӰСӣ
鷿űƿεõŨü
˺üûĶӣεȻһ࣬õغǳӵ鷿Ŷãһˣӡ
ֻûԼϰֶ֣û°ɣ
εƳ˶һۣǹģʲô£ǺأͱϹˡ
Ӽ׵⸱Ʒ粻ӣ׷ʵǸҺͯҵĻԼأ֮ǰ˻ô˵ֺͯˡ
εӲۿԼĶӣ˵ģ»ܴõǵ顣
ҲǸոӾȻ֪
㲻ŵصɴ۾֣˼ģ
εۣɵؿ㣬ô¡ϲˣȻҲȱӼ̳мҵɽܲ£ûġ
챻׵ˣص֣뵽ȥˣֻǺʶѡ
εһ¶ӵ飬ȷӲǶ䣬ŷġ
ͯƥĲУΨر飬䣬һںļ̳Уǿ˸ǰ;ǰͶʡ
˵ֻһŮȴԺİȣֽ׬⡣
ͷԣô˵ĻҪý꣬ôǰҪ͸ҽԼ
εͬؿɵӣôĴӣûָĸı䣬ǰǸӣֵͯҽѹϡ
ˣ¾Ͷˣѵûӣ
εпϵصͯȻǸǽͷݣò˵ͯǸСŮûԣҪǸҲҪȢϱͦõġ
ۼҪţεźĵؽʣҵûдӦ껹֪ɽã˵Ҳúü궼ûǾ뽫Ů޸꣬ƼǰϼһҲ׷ˡ
һ߶˼ԹҵҪԲԶΪ˱ܣĿû֮ǰ͵Լļͥоȫ
ʮ겻ϵҲΪ档
Աΰģڹ˵ǹҵĺöӣڼ˵Ǹεģȱʧһ
뵽εҲòпصݵ˸öӡ


 43 

֮, ֱҪʱ˲ŷĲ, һš
򽭴Ѹ, ԽɫԽѿ
еص˵ʲôˣСȥĶˣ
򽭳, С˵ҪȥҸꡣ
ԼĴ, ѾͷôԶĵطûȥ, ҪǱƭ˸ô죡
򽭼ȥҾǸȣͲµʲô, , ֪Сú͸̸֪ˣ
۾, ߣ׷ʲô, ȥáɵȥǸ, ҪǱƭ, ز, ҲûšصǣҪǱäץˣǿһӶҪˡ
ȻҲŵˣֻܰص裬, СǸȥģôһܰȫġ
һҲȣϴ취ȥġ
ϴϱӢһȰ裬ô󣬾ȥˣ˵ҲҲٵȵȣСϲ˵ܿͻõġ
ȴ취
ԼҲż񲻶ɴҲԣҪȥҴ򰮹ţһŭش˽
̫ˣЩ˾Ȼ˵Сñո֪ˣسǸСʲô飡һȺ฾Ͷű˼ҵļº˵˵
˵꣬ҪԼСõӰСأǲǱҥԸˡ
СһĨţջӽ͡
𾪵صɴ۾ô˵Сûĺ͸֪ˣˣ
϶Ƣӵ˭˵˵ƻСõȥҷ˺Щ฾ɡ
ۼֵҪȥұ鷳򽭸Ͻסǣվסʲô֣ҪҵСãҪִˣ֪СһȥҸ꣬ҪҪ
Ҳ侲ϵŮؿ˼ϱرһ˼÷СֻˣҪڼ죬ǳȥ˵©졣
⿴÷ƲƲ죬ԭŽСӽܳˣڿڵľܾˣ˭֪СӺǸո֪ൽһ
Ҫˣʱ˻ԹýˣһصĹܸ
ڶ죬򽭾ȥȥСѧ˲٣ˡ
ֻ֪˭ˡΪĹȡԸѧ´ˡ
ͷĴ£Ƕ٩ɽţ˵¡
Ƕ˵֮ǰ͸֪͵͵ˣ˭֪˼ҸͿس֮ͽˣŶһ⡣ĵĴֻص
ԱߣԻɵ´ûͷûβģôͶദϸô
겻ˣҿĵĴĸȻǵˡң֮ǰһҾͿгСǱȥ˵һһŮȥС֣Ǹ
˷׷׻ȻȻǶ˵֪ŮϵȽϿţʲôӸֳδе飬ȴû뵽ԸҲ顣
˾̲סĶⴧĵ׻òǻ˰ɣҪȻڵģϳš
ĸֲ´󣬸͵пܣ֮ǰҾ;ɫֽޣ֮ǰΪŮʮ䣬ڿԭ󡣡
Խ˵Խôһ¡
ҥԾôģԭûʲôڴţʱҲ˵Լ˽ܵĳ˵б۵ģӲ˵ˣ׷ҪȢĵϱͷ
ɲԼӵԩͷ
ǡɴԱ·صͺ͵飬°֣˵Ů˳һʲôã˭˸Ȣȥ
£ԼŮִӺ˵ʱ򣬾ͳ׷ŭˡ
꣬ôôǼСˣһľȻô
ŭգźͷͺŤ
꣬ѹһӾһӣ춾Ůˣ͸ûƨۡ
걻ͷ۵Ťˣȥͣ
ûƨۣСþһ꾫ģ˵ˣѵ߳ŭˡҪСû£ôôҿڼҿǼ˰ɡ
۾ص˽ĲλݺһŤ۵ĶԷֱС
˺죬˵˵ҼСòڼͻﲻҪҲҪƴˣ


 44 

˼˴, ϽǰȰܣϧ˶, ˸, ùĻᱻ꼰
˵ĳ£ɴȥ򰮹
򰮹ԼӺ͵Ťһ, ֱһ, ˣϽǰס֣ʲô, ǲӶ
Լˣе, ŭؿ, Ҫ, 㿴Ҵʲôˣ
򰮹ûԼˣϱץһ˺ۡ
򰮹, Ϊʲôܣ
Ȼ޿ֵصҲ˵Сü, ͷһǰץͷ, ɲġ
ꡰޡһ, ƨ꣬ҲҶԴ˵һղ˵ĻôٻСģûôĳˡ
򰮹Կꡣ
һ˿飬ȴȻӲ˵ʲô, Ҳ˵Сñ֪ˣڼﲻҼˣѵ˵ˣǼСöûˡ
ֱǺ޲˺˺޳ܵǰкԼҹŮ裬ˡ
ΪԼˣһͷԼҹŮӶˡ
ϲǵǰܴǰĵֵСãЩûôôˡ
üıۣЩƣƤףɫ԰ףЩ󲡳֮ӡ
ϵ˺ۣ۾Щᣬ촽˲ǿЦ裬ͺˣҪϹģͳˡ
Ҳⲡɲܴ磬ϽȥϢ
뿪֮ǰ򰮹ǰҩ󲮣ҲˣҼСþΪڼϢ㿴ɩʲôˣ˵ҼСú͸֪ˣһ˵Ļ𣿡
Сãĸ͸֪һϵûУһסĵ֣Ŀⰵʾص
Ѿָƽˣ˵ͷ裬Ҳ֪ҥôᴫҺ͸ֻ֪Ǽ򵥵ʦѧ֮ĹϵҸͲϲ
ĿοȻ򰮹󲮣˰ɣСһ˵ɩƤһˬˣɰС̣ʲôˣ
ԱߵѾ龭򰮹źֻ꣬öãģСõΪˡ꣬ϽСõǸ
ô˿ţôܸһСǸһˡ
򰮹ֻͷۣǸεؿãģһҳ£һӰ쵽Сõ
ȴˣ󲮣˵Ļ͸óȥˮһɩǷˣܵӵѵܵôģ
һ뵽˻ԸֶĵĴŮͺ޲ôǼ฾
Ҳ򰮹ǸĻᣬľͻؼҡ
һصңţԭһĸģɫ̾ͱˣץľһһƴϡ
Ѿͷôô󵨣˵Ҳ˵ܵȥͲᵣ㣿֪֪⼸Բ˯ã͵㱻ĸ˸ˡ㣬ҵǲǣôôһծ
󣬶ؿ˳
ҲŵˣҪ֪һģƽһ䣬˵ˡ
򴨺ӸǰֹϴסˣĬ۵ؿѵá
δʵص裬Բ֪ˡ
ڶʹģŮˣżˣ۵Ĩϵᣬ۸ˣǲίˣҵô˵ģҪ֪ϣôͲأ
ҡҡͷ裬ûίֻͨһЩ
Ųţ˵׷ȥʲôã֪س㻹
ҲòȥԺôˣֱǳˡ
ҥǲ׽ӰԽǽͣԽԽףֻܵʱˣҥɢˡ
Ůһ뵽ҹŮȴƨɣһ֮ͺ޵ҪǰҶˡ
ĶԴȴû⣬ο裬ģһúܺõģǰã
֮ǰǴӦҪӵԺһӰᵽȥֻĽǣ˵ǵĻ
ӳû˵ѽ裬ˣСô㣬ԺʲôҲЩ฾ǻԸ⽫Сü޵Ǽܿء
˷׷׸̫ͣġ
СˣĵҩƸҩ
ǿ˳εصͺҰɣ֮ǰ㲻ҲǴӦҲ̸֪
ЦЦüԡļͣ裬һԼø㣬Ϻӣң

 45 

ȻİοҪ˵Ŀ, Ǳˡ
ԭ֮ǰΪˣֱ, Ȼ˵һŮټ, ҲȱýȢ
ɵһԭ̽ڷ, ҪԼҶȢĵϱ, ûϢ
ֱӵǸڼҵӶĲģǿӲ࿴һϱ
Ҳ֪, ֲĬ, ϲƵϢܿ촫˳, ¸¡
ҧг, ֵԼҹŮģǰ, ˽½һĹѪͷ, Ҳ
Ĳ, ֻûΧ̬ȵĸı, ÿһǵȥѧ
ֻ˶ǰԵģοѧУﻹͷ˴ҵʹˣÿǰ䳰ȷġ
Ĳ⣬ˡո׳ɹԭԷò, ҲʵͽģһԱûţָһȵĵ⡣
ǰģ㶼ʮ˰ɣٲ޳ȥͳϹˣôû࿴û˸Ȣ㣬
ĵƳһۣҼ޲޵ĳȥͲġý㻹絣ĵԼ˵ĸ׼δýҪתһƸýİͲ׼ϱԹԣ
Ȣϱ͸ʮ˼ޱ͸㶨ˣŮʨӴ󿪿ڣĶҪǲŮˣȻδŮѪ
߳ŭҪܣ޵ĳȥ㣬Ǳ˦Ьû˸Ȣ
Ŀ˲ˣؿе˵һ飡
ŵ˺󼸲ˣص˵ʲôˣʲôû˵
ôһȦΧˣԭֵһһתͷ
ͻȻû˼ʰ鱾ӽؼˡ
ֿϷĿԭǲģɾһ֣ͻȻͨˣȻڴСѧѾѧʲôˣﻹҪ
ǰؼˣصСãôôѧ
Ľ£裬ҴڼҸѧȻμӰºѧԡ
֪ŮίˣΪܲĿ⣬ѧ
ֹ־ùŮĸҪҲͬˣȥҲãЩѧô࣬ۼˣպø㲹塣
֪ģʵСѧĹѧˣѾϵͳİ£Ԥϰе֪ʶҲ֪ٶĽͻʵʵж
һһᱻ˴⣬ٻؼңַ׷ǲܴˡ
˿˵ۣÿ찴ռƻѧϰѧˣżСģ弸ֶӣӹñǰҪУһҲʧģģĵļҲ
º˵Ľźڴ֮£ȥвμѧԡ
ͬһȥ˲࣬һʮˣũԺӵĽôӣʹޣҲϼ־ͺˣûҪټ˷Ǯ顣
ΪڼҴ˰£˶ǳǷˣ˶ĳɼôãֱĳɼˣ򰮹ڹ㲥ϹϲѶ֪ľȻȫصһ
Ҫǰͣҫ˻Ϊˡ
ѧϰɼʲôʱôãǰ͵ٵ𣿡ͬ䣬Ѿ˵һСϱص
ԻƵƼ˵һпϵĻҿСͦõģ֮ǰ֪໹ӵʱ򣬾˵Сõĳɼܺãܵı
һ츾֮лк꣬սŮ˳ȥһʲСţĺû
ٶʲôãǼ޲ȥȢϱȢּܳҹӵģεεĹҲͳ˹𣬿ϧˣ˼ҳҲ
껹ӵϱȤҿϱͱĺһٱҪȻҲȢˡ
Һͺͬһ壬ȻԼľУҲֻһߵصͷ
˵ǵ̵ûҸͺĻЦת˻⡣
˵ĻȻ𣬿˵顣
¶ŮӵѧôӣɼٺãҲǽĶ
ԭ˸״ԪһŮ˭֪̽ýŵĿڷ磬һܵĲ򣬾ǺóĶӣżϻ촽϶ˮˡ
ԭװ⣬Ļ¹ڻۣȰ裬ͻСԺ󻹵üѧˣҪǷҶҲѧô죿
ŽҼ޳ȥҶҪǲˣżˮóȥĹסĸ첲
һȰһˮ侲
˴ĵĶͷ˵ʲôأ޲ýڼ༸꣬ôἱŽ޳ȥ
ǰȻżΪе֪ԼŮ޲ȥۣ͵ļ޲˼ҡ
һȰûֵôżˣֻż˽һЩú
Ҳ㽫Ů޵õ˼ңȻżҿ
֪ĲҲֻŵʱˣܷ¡
ʱţټϵһȥˣһѾسǼˣҵĿĵġ˽顱ƿ
ҲΪ÷Ķһתע
źɫ÷ԼĶӣ˾˵ԼǶӡ
ıҲ̥ǸСֶӣȹصʱ÷һһҹڽ
÷ͷģߵڴϲͣϢţ۾þˣǲǶӣ
ŶŮҪӵѾֲˣӤϲЦϲˣ˸ŮСµģһŰÿĵط
÷ȴǽܲˣ۾һ˹ȥ
һΪǳˣԱߵ˽ϱû£˯ˡ
һƤͮͮͰ͵ģһֻСӵŮü۳еģͦϲģ˲һĺʮ켦
ϲһЦ˵һĺû뿪
Ůȥʱżص裬÷û°ɣ
˸ۣû£ϱ˸Ůܲˣŵ˯˹ȥ
ЩΣֵϱ壬ûԣͼе߽ϱȥˡ
ĺؿСֶŮ֮ǰոճӤ֪Сٹð۵ģҲֶŮѿ
ϸһСȭͷԴߣһɵСֶŮóһۣ裬СֶŮúְ
÷һֱΪԼ̥Ǹӣ˷سⲹӪԼðװֵģ̥Ҳ棬һн߽Ӥ֮صˡ
ȷǸѾͷ㣬裬ԺҲ޲ȥ
ȻûСֶŮˣֺѾͷͦϲģЦص˵СӣԺͽ֣òá
ƺܵùõĶ磬ͻȻۡһСߣĸȡС
СȴС춯أܲСħͷ
ֺЦɴİˣ޵ôԺͽˡ
ĿһۺһСֶŮͻȻеС飬СֶŮҪ֪ԼСùðɡ
˿֪ΪԼһޣСͶ
Сӳúܿ죬ƺŻո³һ֣գ۾ѧ·
ҲֺԵֻ˵ĵһʣǰҲ̣ǡùá
ʹÿֻһΣ˸֮һ²ŻһμңҲܽϳϲСֶŮǵֶӶԴˡ


ʡһУ߶һʮңθָ߿ָϢѧǶǺػ
ָ߿ˣҲΰɣӣң۲ۡ
໣ô۸һø߸׳׳ȭͷŻͬ
ͬŵͷίصⲻ𣿡
߸ӸڴһöЦ㣬۸廸ˡ
Ա߻ˣתͷһͶĺЦӣСɫ˲ˡ
꣬ƺȻһͷ̷ȴ͹ٵľ£ѩ޶ˡ
˵ڹǲƤǰȴܾȱʲôȴﵽⶼɢһţø㣬ҲӶˡ
ֻԼ׶ôˣֻΪŮһЦͿòסԼ࣬ԼǲϵĹһŮʩˡ


 46 

, ̨ϵİξͺģҰ칫һ¡
ֽԼ˵Ļ˻ȥ, ıӰ, ɵЦԼԴ
ͬ廸ûۿˣҡҡͷ, ͷϰ
ǸͰϽʦ, ԼЦʵģ֪߿ָ֮, ûҪǴѧ
˵ζĵѧϰҲʮ־, һʼε֪عĳ, Ϊϰ༶Ľѧ, ȴû뵽ӸһһԿʼľͰ԰˵һ, ûһ⡣
ѧһ, ζĵ, ѯı־Ը
ҡҡͷ, ʦ뿼ʡǴѧ̫Զ
ʦȴͬصʡǴѧȻҲ൱ɵױȲϵһѧʲǴѧ̫ϧˡ
ȱżܾ, ʦ˵ǴѧΪһѧ֮ҪȥĴѧ͸һ֮ܣȥ翴
ģʦȻ֪ʲôǣһǾǴѧ̫ϧˡ
ЩԥǡʱϵͳΥϾǴѧ񽱽һԪӱŬ¸·
һԪ
ûмϵͳô˵ܾĻˡ
ϰڴĿ⣬ټϵͳջһ˵ͷʦһȫԸġ
ʦοЦˣҪѧϰʲôѣѧ֮Ҳҡ
ĸмصлʡǶУΪϴܣĲסޣڸҷӵʱ򣬻Ƕʦİæ£ҵһԺӵĺ÷ӡ
˵Ȼ󣬵ȴʦѵĹϵʦĽ飬ĺ
ǡĩѾͼ˵ûؼң뿪칫֮󣬾ʰ׼뿪ѧУ
ĸ߳УţõĽӺ廸СãҪһɡ
ӱòˤյվˣսľסˤȥ۾
ĿһĻЩЦȻȥɣһЩҪ졣
˵һԱߵĺ廸ͳ˳ֱۣһ㡣
ͷһۣƵصǺðɣСҪעⰲȫ
Цŵ˵ͷ˵֮ˡ
ĿĵӰʧǰ̱֮ȭͷв廸ղΪʲôֹСãҪ˵һɣˣ
ͬһӣǺüͬ꣬廸Ȼ֪ĵϲ
廸ȴý㣬ĸղŶô˵ˣ϶ǲҪûɫȥͲˡ
ƲֵģԴϵĴëġ
һյصͻȻΪ廸ЩϰߣοȻС꣬ҲǲܣҲĳһῴĳġ
㲻Сôû˵һϻŮש
ãοˡ
廸˷۾̵شƽΣףˣǣҪ׷ÿϺͬһеĴѧ
ԳйˣƽʱԲզһҪǿǿصˣҪƾųǿĿˣҲ׷СĽŲһʡǶˡ

˵Ҫ죬Ƿܽ㣬Ȼһ˳ݣһԵó·ϸ߸СƤЬִ֮һͷ΢ļٷ˲ͱһ֪ĵŮˡ
ĳݸס˫ְЩصͷԣȱǮҲ͵͵ȥ
·ְ֯¥һصĽ䲻һһźͷ긾Ů
Ȼʮָˣѹʲôû
ĴƤⲻֻ࣬жʮʮ棬Ҫ𣿡
긾ŮǾϸİ棬ϲ֣ǶҪǸǮ
˶ǡˡˣĽײҪƱֻҪǮźеļ۸˼ë廨һһܹһʮ顣
긾ŮԼȻǳԲôණǴĽ׵ġ
긾ŮĵƷȽΣҲóƽͽǮˡ
Ƥ٩ÿοС屳ôණҶò˼顣
ЦЦû߶ԷŰѶϵͳĴռóġ
˵Դ˳֮ΪĵķŬϵͳǮҲӦص͵˻ɣĸɴ༷ѹϵͳĴռ䣬Ҳһ꣬ʡǺйܵĲϣ⡣
㹻ھʦĸ⸽ְƷЩ˽⣬һĽҲûʲô⡣
뿪֯¥֮ȥһ˱磬ʡ༭̸һγˣõһʮĸꡣ
ĵʡĹյ˺ܺõķ죬ܱ༭ģ˵Ҫع±༭һ棬֮ΪȤԺԢãѸٵسΪʡǵĳ֮һʡݡ
Ҳû뵽ԼдĹ»ôܻӭȻı겻࣬С˵֮Ǳ棬ȴȸҪĶࡣ
ⲻĸ֮߳󣬶ϵͳĻеһǧ֣ϲҪ𣿡
ϵͳ죬ߵĿľΪʵϰȫ辶С˵ķʽѧϰȡ˺ܺóɼҲϵͳʮָˡ
ò˶ãʵϰĳΪ׸ӭȢ߸˧Ŀˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼϵͳͰıصغˡ
ϵͳС飬Ȼϰ֣ϵͳøˣҲˡ
ְɡ
Ļ֣ĸϲʵʵڵǮ˿ռ䣬ȻѾˡ
˵ҲСˡ
ܿϾǴѧõһĽĻͻˡ
ҲΪ֮ǰľĺǮȤе
ĵĺһֱֵصӡ
ָ߿ϢѾͨ㲥֪ͨȥĹȥʱ򣬻ܿ·ϵϲ˵¡
˱ץָ߿ʼ죬ϰ϶Ŷδõ
һ·ϿϤϵЦݣͬǵĿָȾЦӯӯģ𪾫µƺŹ⣬ǵƵƵĿͶ
Ҫ˵ָ߿˭ˣĪ֪ˣԴӴӳط֪ļ٣רıһΪ˻سǣͺ޲óͷ׶̹ɵľϰ
վ֪ԺſڱĽԶԶ·ͻȻ뵽ʲôϽܻᡣ
ѾԶʱ׷ͬ־ȵȣЩҪ㡣
ͣ½ŲתͷͿĽܱһ˹
Ľܼͣ£һŵһʵ̫ˡ
ͬ־ֻʣһ¾Ҫ߿ˣʱȣЩϰܶá
ЩȣĽ۵ϽֵһЩ顣
ллĺ⣬ֻѾ˸ϰϣܵ͡Ļû˵꣬ͿһʼǱƿҳ¶Ϥּ
ּзǣִŷʹûȻϳ˭ּ
ĵɫһ
ĽܿʼǱŵؿһޱġ
ղż׷ģȻûֽⱾʼǱҲ

 47 

ĿĽ, ˭ϣ
Ľܲó˵ѣ֧֧˵һ
˲, ϻĽ, 㲻˵˭͸ģǲĶ
Դӹָ߿֮, ϰϾͳΪεĶ, ֪Ϊͱҵ꣬õĸϰȲЩӦҵ
ĲǵĽ飬Ľܻô󷽽ϰϽ
Ľ޴ؽӹϰ, ۼҪߣæ׷ȥ, ͬ־, ǽҸ, ұ˵Ĺ, Щϰϰɡ
ͣ½Ų, תͷĽ, , ҲҪİҲҪҵ֮ûϵˡ
˵꣬ĺԥؾˣɴĮıӰĽ鲻ǰյԴ
Ȼس, ֪Ժȴϵرһ࣬ŶҪøϰ׼
֪ǶʱһԣټϴҶʮθ꣬²ʲô·֪ڲϢ˶ĵؿʼϰ
ĽȻȴҲͿĵ⡣
ȻÿŶûģĽܻŵʱ򶼻ϡ⡱˵ĵĽĬһֱάꡣ
λǸһ˵ģΪ˲ĵĻɣĽܽıʼ³һ͸˭֪Ľһʱûע⣬ʼǱŪˡ
Ľܿıʼǣʮеļֵȴû뵽ˡ

֪ԺҪĽȴûҵˣһ֪Ľأȥˣ
֪ͷ飬յؿһĽܵĴ̣ҸղſŽܳȥȥĶҲûʡ
ͻȻ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬еĶͶŶ
֪໹û˻ŵģɻգգۣôˣôһܣ
·û׷ĽܣԽԽĻţ㣬ͷ
룬Ҫԭ˸꣬òóȫֵܺġ
ֱڿŮıӰ뷨˲ˡ
һֻһ뷨ȥĳȫ
ǺֵҲϱóȥ
ġܵǰŵصģûĽܣ
ĿԼǰˣʱ䣬ıˣҲɳࡣ
Ļǵÿʱĵһӡ󣬵ɵģð𪿡ΣĻӡ
ȴ̥ǵĸı䣬ٸ̣СɫļԵ˧ΨһĴŻϵӡ
ΪҲ굱˵͵ģޱصҪҲ˵ûģͲ˵ˣҲ
Ǹģղ̫Ųûע⣬һûſαϵ˵Ļ֪ûнܸĺ⡣
顱
ֻԼǻ𶯵ʮֿ죬һǻ޷й
ĿתضģһľȵĿ֮£ͻȻץס֡
һʱûзӦֻ𾪵ؿ㣬ķӦŵԻ
ĿϵؿģҪ˵ӰԿԼϣСã㲻ΪˣΪԼ
Ů̫̫峺ţƿĿ⣬һطһԵؽԼﻰСãʵһֱûи˵ȥҼ˾ʹһسǣҪҲξûӦΪ᲻õŮ
μŴңҾͺҰ˵ҿԼϾУǾ͵ôӦңԺȢϱһԼѡˡ
㵱˵㲻޸֪࣬Ϊ㲻֪ࡣ˵ôֻ࣬㣬һδĸҳһӣҵģδľģСãܸһ𣿡תͷĿֿؿġ
ıһ𺳵ˣҵģҲûע⵽Լֻץ
û뵽ΪԼѡسǵĻᡣ
ΪϲΪϲĿȥҲ죬һǰ׵ʱܾˡ
ðһա
һʱ˵ּ尾ڴؿԼϵŮסȭͷȴŵʪĻ˵ܾ
òŻعԼ֡
ӵĹⰵˣһŨŨʧ䡣
ΪûϣʱȴЦˣ㣬Ҵ㿼ǵĴѧ
仰˵ûͷûԣȴ˲ѪϣĵĿþˣȵĿֱǶϵĴ
ֿʼɣǲɿڵ̫ˡ
ȴķڣͻȻת˵ǵ˱صСһ
Сã˼ǴӦ𣿡
ǲΣСȻӦң
Сã̫ˣңⲻΡ
ıתԴΣεļԼ
㲻Ҫ˵̫硣ҪҴӦҲǰģҵÿϾǵĴѧҪҪʵĳŵƾԼϾУ
ϽģɵЦСãôһܿϵġ
һۣ˵˼𣬹ؼԼðɡ
Ҳ֪ĳĶɼж
Ȼ֪ԼɼȲˣһ뵽ܱ˹飬ÿ춼ʮܣǰֻǸһ𴲸ϰıκ˶Ҫ磬ȥé޶Ҫһڱ
ƴڼŬĽܶ硣
Ȼѧϰȴʮִرʮó
żʱָѧϰһǧͬʱ־֮С
Ͳסį˵ѧϰʮַζһ뵽̵ɺһ־˿˿ģȻĻᲢ࣬ȴȥĶ
Ľܽı仯뵽֪ĸ꣬ãǾ͸¶¡
ԶĳоصĸյŵʱѾһºˡ
оһڿѧҽһ֣ݷʱ򣬶ݺݵһ
ˣڳɹˣ
ô̵ʱڹ⣬յļ˵ֱһ漣
Ա߰۾ĸ꣬ѵ¶˵Цݣ꣬ζ㣬ǲŷݳˣҪȻҪһˡ
Ϊ¼ݣѾûôϢϴԵƣΪ˳úÿǷϵУһڲޱ߷֮Ⱥ
ͷ۵̫ѨǫصⶼǴҹͬŬĹ͡
ĸļ͵صĹʹҶͲǫˣһʵ֯㱨ġ
ҲܾûϢˣξͷ¼٣ȥúϢǸıǮ
СǮúüලͬ־񡣡
ſվڵһᾯԱ˸񣬡ǣֲ
лл
θûоܾ뿪о֮󣬾ͻԼᣬСǮ
оªȻǴõģȻסһһᣬһţĿϵһݰ
СǮ˽͵ͬ־ǰ쵽ʼ֮ǰûǩգҾˡ
ˡ
СǮл͵һʱ˰һţ³С˵
СǮŸƣȰȱϢһ뵽ǰæʲôֻҪˮصŶҪһʱ𿪣ĬĬȰĻ
꿴ϸ˵һʱԭƣֵԴһûһ
߬еţۿˡ
СǮŵˣΪƣȵĺ֢ϽȰͬ־㻹Ϣһ°ɣųٵ㿴ҲС
˱ۣɳɤӵû¡
ŷŵһߣִд顣
ֻķȴʧЧΨһͷһˡ
ǿԼ߷ϣȥ¡
ȻϵһͻȻסȫĿ⡣
壬ԺС㱵ૣͻȻֳζԻ
ҪϾȻҪ»¾Ҫᣡ˵ʮ㣬صըڸԺ
̫ӣϳʵΪ̫ӽڰ˵֣̿ΡΡ

̫ӣѾһµС
סºС£ڹ»֮ǰҪ˽̫
ǣ¡

ʹסԼԴһѡ֮󣬾εڵϡ
һз̫ͻȻСǮŵøϽǰ
ͬ־ôˣ
ͬ־ѡ
СǮ²֪걳ȥҽҡ


 48 


΢, Ժ¯𣬵˿ȸ̺, ͸ľ͸ԼԼܿӴһŮߡ
ԥһ, ţ̫ӳʱõˡ
¡
ԭ˯̫Ӻܿ۾, ģ, ˿ո˯⡣
̫ӵͷһۻŮˣᶯ
Դ˯ĻǱ΢Ķˡ
񲻹ųʱ˯Ժ, ﻹ̫Ҫ빬һ£ʶزȥ
¡Ŵһ˿һ˵ĽŲס
̫ӿűԼ, ͷĵĴ, , ˯һź¡
, ¸¾ͼǵδ̫, ﲻ, ̫ӵĲ, ϲǡ
£᲻㡭
̫һֳŴ齣ŮϸԽԽ뵽ʲô ִ뿪Ů˵Ĵꡣ
ĵĶϢ, ҺܿͻԹڼҵŹ¡
Ķִ磬ȻЩʧ̫ӲΪŮɫһɵ˻ȥֻϵʧôҲβ
˵ǹ̫ӿġ
̫ĵȻվֻʱ򣬻۵°ڡ
Ŀ̫Цü䣬óѵСһ
ֻ̫ӸһתͷָֻһɵӣɣôҲ޷Ӳ
̫ɫ˰ǲСŮ˼ƽϣ߳ҡ
֮ǰ̫ټ
ϣúûסºС£ڹ»֮ǰκ˶ԴԺ
ͷףһ˿ֹص·ģūһúչµġ
̫ӶȻʺŻǱȽεģסԺ񽻸֮󣬾ʹһ̽ϡ
ϻʵ۽Ѳӽϵ񽻸ʮصӵˡ
ΪĶĺ·ݻǳ̫ӲͺðգҲֻڶ
Ȼ̫ûвǣȴ̧ͷһ˿ݾ£ū»Ĵ¡

̫Ѿ뿪ˣû̫ӵĳΪ趫ĳ檣ҲĺԺЩŮ˹ǽ̫뾩ʱݺ
ο˺ԺЩ檣Ϊδ̫ĹùãʺҲʮֲϲȻ̫ӣҪЩ߸ϵɱģһ㷴ûС
ˣƽѳ̫ӲڶľͰֵַشԼԺӣҲΪߵʱʳЩС˼ŮҧȴҲû취
ԺûʲôǲֻÿԳԺȺȣżߵŮҲУż̫ʲôʱͷ
죬ʣ˽ᵽߣȻùŮš
ֻʮ־ȴԽ˯ŮϾûһ˯ˣǰһ̺Ӹߣǡ
ĵ߳ң֣ԽԽ˯ˣҪҪ̫ҽ
ߵĹŮӢδ޵ĹټĻе·ݻǳֺ̫֮⣬Ժ˶֪ǵӿܻе飬ıҲڹ
ޱصֻǴˣ̫ӲڶǶһ²һ²źá
Ѿ֮ʮأϾȻòףȴҲû
ֿһ˯ɵģĵĶϣɭĿ˲
˯˰ʱ֮󣬲˹
ԼĶӣԼе졣
Ͼ꣬ҶˣСԵġ
ϾǡС˽װź־ͽհõļһݸϾꡣ
øºȡ
ϾΪѵصȼˡ
ֵƳϾһۣ͸˵ȵġ
ϾŬŬ죬ȻԸҲð֣żҡ
Ҳϲȼ̫Ǽලȸֲˡ
һֵķԸҲֻŶģһ뼦ȥ
̫ӵˣĴûẦԼ
ֱӽʹĲŷԾ
ֻһж̫ˡ
ѵˤµ棬һء
ʹɫŤסˤڵϣֻüһϾꡱͿʼڴڵѪƺѪŵԱߵϾؼ
ϾܵԱߣ˿ģŵ޵££ôˣҡ
˰캰̫ҽ
һ̫ͻȻԺ˷ӱŵͷӬһе
ǿ֪̫жģҪǱ̫֪˿µøᡣ
ֵĶҩǼѪ͵ģһϢԽ΢ԺſڵķϣǸǵһһӾȳ̫ӡ
òʣ
֮ǰǿҵ뷨
ǲʾôȥǲԺǸ˲ٶԼһˣѾˡ
ҪϾץ֣غ
Ͼ޵ˮһ£ٳһţºܿͻˡ

⣬Ż̫ӹƼ˦¸ڱţŲȽԺȥ
ֻһ·ϿŮ̫ǻŻŵɫ̫ӾͲԾˡ
ӿ˽ŲҪ̬
ź̫ߵ˺ʱ̫˻ŵģɫصظ
̫ܵԺǰϾĽ£
̫ӽŲһ٣ַһܽҡ
̫ӽĵһ۾ͿڴϺϢģԱߵһΧһһŨѪζ
ֲ̫˲ͻȻǰˣŭ̫ҽأ̫ҽ
̫ҽܿˣֻһ۾֪ûˣȻǶ̫ӳ˰Ŀ⣬սսظİ
ַŵĵϣ̫ҽһ򵹵ϣ£Ѿţ̫ӽڰ
˵˵̫һߵԺУֱʹҪϾȻҪȻҪᣡ
Ժнͷڵϣ̫ӣϳʵΪ̫ӽڰ
̫ŭģһ˿Ѫ˿ǰһڣ˵ϡ
̫ӣ̫һΣˡ
ıϴһ飬ÿ˹ǺģȻǱȥ
ǵ˶֪̫и檣ȴ֪һº͵̫ɱҲ˲
Ķϻʵۣϻʵ۽̫ٵǰʹ⣺֣ΪȻΪһѾ˵Ůֳ޵£ֱΪ̫ӣ
̫ȴ˿ûиϻʵӣüɭҪûض̫֮λ;ȥˡ
ϻʵòᣬȴѳ̫Ϊ
̫ӻ˶֮󣬾ֱȥ
һ۱ĥһѪ˵̵ֿ֣飺𣿡
ͷشص£̫ʺ󡣡
̫Ӳ⣬
ǣ¡
һ𣬿ĵ£ūΪãľǸȻӵŮɲΪһ檶Ĵ¡
̫û̫ҵ֧֣ɾ͹Ԯ˰
⻰ŭ̫ӣϵĽһ˽ֵ
ĿΪ̫Ӻã̫ΪʲôҪɱ
ϻʵۼݱ̫ӼλŽԪ
Ԫ۵ǻһ꣬ʺұıжµɶ֮ȫնŮ̷˾̫Ҳ⣬ʺΪıȵۻã乬
֮ʵ˴ǵķԣ׷ΪԪֺԪ˶𾪵ˡ
Ƿ׷ȰɣеʹԪ۲ʲ壬ŮɫǸ
ȻԪȴ˿ΪЩҷԵĴӽ
һɱӺ֮󣬷Եų徻ˡ
Ԫλ꣬ãҶ̫бʣľ϶մô
Ȼ˶еǣλʱĴɱ䣬Ķʮ꣬ԪͼΣ£̺壬հҵȵڼǿʢ˺ü
ȻΨһڸľǣԪ۵ĺʼտţ󳼴ɣѾ治ɫŽԪҪһ̫ӡ
̫ӵѡ֮󣬽Ԫ˦ߵˣ˻¡
µǰմʦĿȱؿǰĽԪۡ
£ˣҪԱĹ»Ԫʺֻء
ʮĽԪް߰ףȴȻϣһ˫ӻؿŹλȻдšġ
ʦ˵ֻҪ޽ãܹ԰ʵһԸ
ʦ仰޼˶ʮꡣԪ۵Ļֺżֲɣ
մʦһӷ𡱣̾Ϣصǳն
£ʹȴʶҲڣ
ԪЦˣǲޣҲҵҲֻ޵ģ
ɵͷһţûټȰ
Ԫʮһ꣬Ԫλλø̫ӣʧǰ
˵Ԫۿƺ쳾ˣаմĴ˻ɵĵۺ˲Уһƽޡ
ڰǰݼۺʱȴ˻һԱ񣬰ա
ȻⶼǺΪ˼̵ۺĹ£ڽԪ٣ȴ˺һ֮ա

 49 

֮, ֪Ϣܸˣȴû뵽Ҫ뿪Ƽľ
һŭ, һ, ȴڿ̬ʱ㶡
վڴ߳, Ϊԭ, һƬӰü۵ʹĮ, ˶ƺ˺ڰУ, Īļ¡
Ķ, ҲûʲôӦ, ֻޱص˵ָͷһ̻ڵ, Ҳع
üͷĸ, ǰĸòǫѷ, ͬ䲻˵, ҲϣûмĮĸꡣ
ͬ־˵ҪְܸΪʲô𣿡
Ҫ˲ŵʱ֮ǰǸĿѾһ׼ˣ׼ΪĿ, ӣɶԵ֯Σһŭ䲻ʵ
꽫ϵϨת䵭صֲҶ֪ΪʲôƼ
ҶпƼԣĿ˭ԣȱһˣҲᵢĿĽ̡
ϵʧ֮ɫŨͬ־ĸǶǿ㱨ЧʱȴΪ˶Ů˽飬ӣʵ̫ʧˡ
ƼԱܹǳϸĽܼĸţҪ֮󣬲ܽ
ĶʹϢҲҪˡ
ʱ䴦˼ƵĻҪǳǿġ
ΪоصĸˣȻ֪иĶ뵽ող鵽ݣͲµΪʲôҪ뿪оˡ
ΪˣŶԸʧ͸
κεĸ˽ڹҴ϶Ҫ˲Ů˽ȻϧźΪ壬ʱһθΣ
ԷŭȴԵƽࡣ
ԳЦЦֲǰǸʲôˣ
ü׸ʱʲô塣
˴𰸣ǲһΪ˽ףʵȴܵĴ
˵⻰ʱĮı鲻ԼصˣɫԽ࣬ĸƫЩԾ
ѹеŭƽ͵ص֮ҲӦҪˣͺúϢһʱ䡣ڲҪߡ
Ķϣ겢⡣
Ҫһʱסġ
ûзΪͨˣٴζúϢ֮󣬾뿪
ȴڶͽӵѵĵ绰ڵ绰ƿڴǮȻˣҪȱ飬ֻҪԸȥһѵϸҪ飬ƾʲôǿƼˡ
иԺǮεؽͲԶըëѣ˸־˼Ը⵽ܲű˲߰ɡ
ޡһǮ޳ܺģͷˡ
ֻǮ߶ˣûȨǰ갲ȫ͵ҲǶǮ
ڣҪҪߣűˣҲֻ˷йˡ
ֱҪ죬ﶼӲǺûȥ
Ǯ֪ǳ׽ëˣڿʱεЦ뿪ʱûΪɡ
Ծǵһֱ֣Ǹǫ͵ֲ꣬ӦõģϾҲ㲻Ƕ𡣡
Ǯص˵ͷӵһνӵʱͶȱļıԣĵʮ͡
֮ǰΪӰ죬̫տˣһг䶨Ǯã͵ĸļ򣬡ίˡ
֮ǰͽһЩ֤ݵݵǰҲ֤ʵ˸ҵףΪ˲ĻˣǮѡʱݾߣøί
һж߻죬һָףǮʹ󷽷ؽ˵ߡ
ڸŵĺӣǮʮεģѵǸ껹ûΪ˵ߣΪ˲ңǮҲúθꡣ

ڸͻȻǵڿƼְλҡһ䣬ΪǮߵĵһ飬ǵͬ˸е𾪣ΪҲ㲻ӵ뷨ˡ
鷿ɫؿŶӣˣҴûϹ·
һֱߵöǵ͵·ߣڲְҲͽȴûʵȨְλǲմȾ鷳
ɫؿ⣬֣ô㻹û𣿹һûʵҲֻ󡣡
Ѿýûˣط꣬ȴ˷ǵĸо
֪ѾˣΪӺ׵ģȻҪӱˡ
Զӵѡ񣬸ȻٸнѡأȻˣֻ˵һ䣬Ժκѡ񣬶Ҫĳġ
ĬãݵĵĿ£˵ͷ֣֪ˡ
Ȼ仰Ⲣûøݰࡣ
ԽԽ˿͸ˡ

 50 

߿֮, ֽϺܿ͹˸ƵĴ𰸣αʵйֱ־Ը, ӵ, ǲμ˸߿һ, е˹׼־Ը
ĺ, ŴҲע⣬ҵУ԰һǣµĲƺ, һԴ𰸡
ļãαĿ, һЩԱȽǿĴ𰸲̫а֮, һ¡
ĹһҪϾǴѧķ, Ѿɿ㡣
㱨, ˵, Ӧò̫, Ϊ⼸Ƚ̫, һ𰸣ͶԼĴ𰸲ȷˡ
ǵԼдĴ뱨ֽϸĲοһ£ɵʱ־ҲǴˡ
յذһͷȻؿģСãҪûϾУ, 㻹Ӧһ𣿡
ĹⶺһصǵȻУѡҪǺϸġԭɲ˲
ᣬһ鵱ڶеԼΪʲôúѧϰ
ЦϽ־ԸɲˣǴӦһƾԼϾУġ
֪ƾļϾУҲܰξԺߵ·ȲϾУƽ̹˳ĶԴ˲⡣
ʹӴӹ磬Ҳı뷨ЩѾûôִš
ϾڿԼܹԼҪĺ
ңĶڱȽεģȫ̫Ųûš
ҧҧҲûˣ־ԸǵĴѧ
ļֻ˵һ־ԸȰͲ༸
˾ûһʼĽˡ
СãһῼϾУģһȢϱ
һۣͿ϶һӦϱ̸зֵء
ȴҡҡͷĿϵؿģҶҵĶ겻壬С㲻ϲˣҪȻԶֵһ
˺һЦü䣬ҵ֤

ĵ¼ȡ֪ͨһ·ݾͼĵˣ⣬ǾǴѧ
־ϲǰֱͦ·һҼҹŮǵϹĵģ
Ҫ֪Ĵѧʮֽ󣬲ѧѧѣÿ»ʮĲҵ֮ѧУ䡣
ڴҵʶѧԺ쵼ɲܽ󳧶ˡ
ҳһѧһĵڻϵ塣
֮ǰ䲻ýַ׷ˣӵĸ˸ʱʱ̽Ŀڷ磬֪ûж
ʱʮ֣Ｘͬ˼ĸ˶ɵؾҡ
ȱǮΪ˿ۣҲ󷽣İǣйӶóдˣֱ˱飬ʵڲŵӡ
ССöʮˣϹˣͲżĻ¡ҿҼֶӾͺСͦģֽڿ죬ҲʵҪСü޸ֶӣԺһС籦ġƼЦֵ
ĽĿ⿴ţֱüˡ
ӵ˭뵽߿ָСҲôϢһ졣
Լ֣յصҲ뽫С޳ȥС󣬷ҪԼڶûԼϲˣͲ㽫
ģȻҪ࣬һӵ飬Ҳˡο˴ѧ֮˸࣬ҲСܶõˡ
Ƽ֪ǿֶӣҲľôҪ˵ЩҲǻ࣬Ůӣʵš
һǼ޵ҽãԺżίҲܻңֵܳ
ȻżӣҲƼ⻰˵еϲ¶⶯
ƼţһϲһܣĲڼңɺصСأ
ͬɻ󣬾ԼҹŮЩƵҲû뵽͵͵̸ˣͲصҲȥ˰ɡ

Ȼȥˡ
ĵ¼ȡ֪ͨʱˣ֪Ժǰ½½˺Ϣ
Ϊǰ׼ԭ֪ǿĳɼʹûпǵĴѧܿϴѧԺлسǣ֪˵Ѿʮ˵ˡ
Ψһľˡ
¼ȡ֪ͨٳûеһʼĵҲûô϶ˣɲ²ѵǵѹ̫̫࣬Կˡ
ԼϵطСּʱʮ־ɥ˶ûǰ緢ļˣҲܣοһʧҲʲô߿У㲻ǻ·𣿡
˵˻أѾ˾ǴѧھǣԺǾܾˡ
ͷԵģ߸ȴһģһֻĴȮ
Сã㲻ûãŵĻûʵ֡
ҡͷεصҴӦֲǿܿϴѧҪ֪಻ҲҵҪ󡣡
ȻҲȷԼ㲻ϲ㣬ܿ϶ǣһܷɡ
̰ǰ˿Ŀֺޱȳ飬ֱӵĸо
ԺҪһһ㣬Ĳܡ
ˣȻһǰףʵѾ㣬ûϾУ
ЩţϵıЩ죬˵ЦţС֤СϲҵֻΪңŴӦңûϾУҲԸӦһ𡣡
ûԾ·ŵ˵ͷţΪ㣬ҲŴӦġ
ţûһԸΪ꣬سǵĻᡣ
ƾģҲԸⳢ߳һ
¶õЦݣ־ȵĿ֮£ͻȻóһ¼ȡ֪ͨ
СãҿϾУˣûʳԣ߲ˡ
Ŀɿڴ˿¼ȡ֪ͨϵѧУֿ֣˿Цݲã¶һڰ㣬ڻعԼƭˡ
ˣҧгݣͺݺһš̫ˣ
߳ŭˣšһѣСȭϣˣȻƭң㵣ôã˵ʲôʱյ¼ȡ֪ͨġ
飬ûֻܶţСãȥʵҵҵ¼ȡ֪ͨ飬ҾԲǹƭġ
Ź֣ϸ˵Цݣ֪ǹⶺġ
һ뵽ղľ͸ŭˣ׷
վס
ֻⶺû򵽣һûעи
Сã
ҪϽ˭֪һżҲ˫˫һԵĲݵϡ
Ϸֻסıѯû˵ķ۴סȫ
üܸܵõŮǳǳĺϺŵ㡣
һ£ӶһͱƻصĿ
ĸֽŵһ̧Ҫƿϵˣ뵽ԼˣѵĸˣѹĲڣַ
ֻĵֿӦ׻Ǳˣһ٣ȵĴĵͷϡ
Сãҵ㡣ϲңҡ
ĸܵĶ۾һᣬס
㣬һŬġ
һĬʮ㣬˶Է˼
ЦЦ


 51 

ΪǾͶУԭ, ĻҪȥѧ
ټϼ˲ͣ绰سǣҲֻŲ, ˻س
, ȥվ
վ, ĿⲻؿģС, ģ㵽죬һٳġ
֪سǴ󳱵ʱ, Ļվۣ洦Կֱĳ
Ҳʮֲ, ԭÿߵͻȻҪ뿪, ʹ֪Ժؾ, ȻЩϰߡ
˵УУ涼ȽϸҪ벻˼, ҲҪǿ֮ǰӦ, ԺΪǰ, ɱһʱ嶯Υˡ
յ¶ȵ, ΪԼʵʵģë׵Χ£ԵСֹɡ
ͷŮúͻȻӵ
ۼŻ𳵷ʱҪ, 㿴˿Χû߿ر˱ġ
һģСãҲҪúչԼ
ɿ֮һͷϻ𳵣ᡣ
ֱ𳵿ķ֡
Сãھǵ㡣
ĻӦسӻֱ֣𳵵Ӱʧǰ
ԭվһ뿪վ
ͻȻûੲݵĻЩϰߣĿĵڽϣһʱע⣬߽һΪһһŮŷӦ
٣Ȼǵĺ ѵҶ㻹Ȼңǵ׻ûģĿؽٵǽǣһַֻŭŷٵ°ͣʹ̧ͷ
Юס°ͣȴʮ侲Ŀ⳰ؿ㣺ˣΪɵЩ¶ס𣿡
֪㵱ŵѡձƭҵģûҵֱȥ
һ뵽ԼЩ걻˰װռ˱ˣͺ޲˺
ȴϣûѡҵĴ𣬻۵㣬˲ͨûбѡϡ
ûΣЩҵģҵ ҾͲȫҶˣ֮ǰڴôӦҵģ˵һӡ㷢ˣ˦ң붼룡۾죬ٴ
ò˵ٶԸ˵ȷһףʹֻĵĻ쵰ҲȻԵģȢٵԼϱ
˭֪Ů˺ԼҲµ˺֣ȻĺӴ
һ뵽Լδĺӱɱŭŷٵ°ԽҪǻһǣסĲӣ
ոûõķϻżֲ԰ס
ĵס°͵֣񣺡ⱾԸĽףȻӣɵ𣿡
˱ŭѵһٷ٣ͱһסˡ
ˣ㻹аѱϣþۺɢҶʴˣҶ㶯֡
Щɵȱ²٣ǿȸŮ͹һӵΣеСǲ˴ǣЩ۸ŮҲţ»Լűһ١
ڵ֮ǰȿرԴұ֮˾͹쳣Ǳ
񱻷ôһвȻʣɻҧطˣݣ٣ҵϹˣŻĶЫӺúùӣ
˵꣬˾ֵسһ뿪ˡ
ز˲Լ°ͣҪת뿪ͷ˶ġ
һѿղŵ侲ԳֶƽĿ֮£˲䱻顣
Ҫ˵ⱲԹ޵˭Īˡ
ƺĿʼһԼĵ·
ҪģҲΪ˻سǣԼ롣
뵽Թ޵ؿһģޱش߹
Ȼ֮ܣȴԴ˲Ȥ
ͷ֮ìܣǻ⸵ꡣ
Ȼ͸ûϵˣٶ˵ǲصˡ
ˣ˷Ϊ˻سǴӵʱĻʮ⡣
ֻźͷͷȻ˵Ȥɵ֪洫ʱһ뵽ľɺ·ģ
ģǲɵģٽ·ϣŭʵ
Ŀŵǰķ٣Ī˵Ӵԣ˵Ҵˡ
Ȼȴţͱ˵ģҲװˣ֪Ǻҵ͸֮˵ȥھ뱨ң
һ˲Ĵ㵣ֱ׳ķ٣ֻÿЦֻ˵ʳӦá
ʱ㹻ıһˣǰķٻԴ
ڵһͷ΢ĳţüųŮ˵ģϻױݣ·£صŮ֪Եø롣
ǰٻαװһƽĺŮѾǳƹˤˡ
ĵĿǴ˶һģ֮鲻ô˵ģƣ
˵֮󣬷תˡ
üֻĪ
֪Ҳ˾Ǵѧ뵽ղŵĻֻ鷳˴ѧùغŮϡ
ҲѰյˣҲû˦µĺݻϡ
Ҫȥ죬˶ʮֲᡣ
ʰһĶʳӡ·ȵȣĶˡ
εص裬ôණõ𣿡
˼ʲôԲͬص˵׶Ӹ߰׿ˣõĶ٣ҪǱСô죿
ңô䣬·ô
ôҲ˽ȥصֿ
һһߵڣƲӵģ𿴳סĺãůԲ˻Ȳ·㣬౸һźá
ҲǻʵĶ
վһߵͬص˵ͷ
ĸˣҲ֪ȰҲֻùԹˡ
ֻһ뵽֮ǰԼľͷۡ
ҪҪǰͼ͸͸ڷ磬ҪȻ˵ʱĶǳ档
Ļ̬ؾһһ
𳵵վʱĸڴ򽭱Ŀÿʹ
ֻǱˮСƵĻվǵĻվˣһʱҲûҵӰӣȷǲûʱ
һûϣɺصСã˭𣿡
ĸϽջߣûʲô磬ֻǺ񿴵ˣϸһַֻǳ񡣡
򽭵ͷûлûʵԣʹ߳վ
ֱ뿪վʱĶûеȵ㡣
ЩʧְοҲǾУܵҲġ
ĻǱһ˿ϣ˵ȴᵽִ֮Ͻؼҡ
ʵҲŮһᣬỷÿ˻һ滹жԡѧĻ⣬ĵһЩ
ΪʡǮֱسǵƱˡ
뿪֮ǰĵͷҪȱʲôʹ绰شӲһὫ͹ġ
Ĺɵصͷĺˣһչ˺Լġ
ֶһŲ뿪
뿪֮пմĻ
һλ֮⣬ŴѾ̺˴ֻ̣˲ڡ
ʵǰѧУһ䷿ס
ֻԾǲϤټϾǵķӲңҲֻʱҷӵļƻ¡
Լӣ׼úãʹһŮε
磬ôпˣƽﲻæ𣿡
ľЩϤ벻˭Ϊˣתһͺһ˫Ӷˡ


 52 


Сãӯʮ־ϲ, еĶͱסĵĸ첲, Ҳ˾Ǵѧǻͬһ᣿, ̫ˡ
ڸӯĸˣȴü
˶Ŀʮֲ, ǿ, ϣľһ
Ըӯ飬ǿЦЦ, ӯþò
ӯڷ̬Щ䵭, ޴ػͷ˿, Ŀһֱ, 𣬾͸´ˡ
ֻûĵ䵭, Ȼ֨֨
һ׾, ԭĻС, µ̤ʱ, ֻռ䶼Եñࡣ
СãúҺ㰡ҺͶ粻ǲǻǵĴ˵ֲڣ˾ô, ӯżС̽
ԭΪԼѾˣɵӯǰķֱ뵽ʱĳȴδٯٯӿһԹ
ƾʲôΪû˸꣬òá
ͻȻЦЦֱ۴ӸӯҹͦõģȻ㵱뿪ʱһһʱ䣬ߣοңҾͺܿȻˡ
ӯĵĻҵûزŵصСã㣬һˣ
ЦһۣǰҺܺãѾһˡ
ӯ޴뼫ˣĶ̬ȵĿܣؿ򸵽꣬ȴڶϸīʱһ
ȻѴӵ֪ĺһˣһҸ˵һˣֻжеĽκۣʱȴΪһˣִֻۣ޲ýŮϵĨӴԺֻЦ
ȴȫ˸Ĵ һƽصͷԼ
ӯЩܲգ˸ھˣռʱøˡ
ӯһߣĲԼԸĲеĶҲҪ뿪
ۼľҪ뿪꼰ʱ֣߬ѡ
ͻȻ̧ͷ򸵽꣬Ưǲš
겶׽ϵѾ˲²⣬߬ĵָӽˣֹͷҪĴ
۵üͷһڴ𾪵ع֣
ȴԵؼ߬ĵ֣Ƶϣ߽۾ʲôǲǣ
ȴ̷ˣƴѸҲ֪˵ʲôſң
ЩʧأֽĵϣΪʲôҪſں±˭㣿ϲˣ
һ뵽Ůϲϱˣӿظ˴ʧصıԵ
ֻҪˣ˵Ӹ˵ѡһʾ޴ Ǹ˿̲ĵ̬ȣʮֻš
ſңʹĻ֮Ըȭ
ȴû֪һδĶĿΪǵڶˡ
ĲŵĿ֮£ͻȻͷǿƵסĸҪڵĵĻȫ˻ȥ
ֻǡꡱⷽհ׵ͬһŰֽӵ̫ӵļĸȴͬѾ˿Ůյأķ
ءŮĲ֮ĵķԵ΢΢ӿص
Ҫģҧͷʱһ벻Ǳ
쵰꣬ڸʲô
㿴ǰһĻĿѣŭؽĴӸ껳һȭкȥ
ȻǰĹ֮£ԵĵĸȴǱ˸һĹؾͱˡ
۾ˣҪ͸ƴ˵ʱȴס
㲻ŵػعͷģˡ
֪ˣȰҪˣĻ᲻࣬ǲҪ˷ʱòá
˵÷ŭ侲ŭص˸һۣȻ뿪ᡣ
꿴ȥıӰȭͷ͹
һ·ܿˣŲ١
Щ޴룬ĲҪЩʲô־޴˵
ĵһľĺɻԱߣͣ
ĸҪڽͣʹ΢΢׵촽
ŭͷϵƵòãľԼ촽ҪƤˡ
ɿӣ𣬾
ãֱĵ촽˿ӣѪŴӼʵѹ
޴ۣСĴϵ˿ڣСã۲ۣһ쵰ҪĻʹҡ
СãԲ𣬱뿪ҡۿؿģҪĵԼϴ
ĸܵĲرס
ˣǲǾǸŮ
Ҳ뿪㣬𼤶
ȣͷ̽ĵǣСãҲ˼ֻ̫ˣϲ㡭
㲻ûҪٴط᲻鸴ȼ
Ͼ굱ķֵԭ򣬵Ϊ˽ģѡ
ֻû˻ôϣĵ̬Ȼôڱصá
ڿһʱ ˷ŭ֮⣬ǲ
ڸǰͻȻûʧˡ
СãҰ㣬뿪ҡ૵
ؼʸ꣬㲻Լմ˱˵Ϣһ̽ŮĴ
㻹жʱȻϲڻľȴûУȻǵļУȴһֱŮĴ
ıҧ˿ڣ۵üϵֽ˽Ҳûƿ㣬ĬĶ
ܵŮ˳ӼˣǵĶҲԽ޲ýԼһҲֿ
֮شĵĴ뿪
ıǵﲻͣϢ
һ˵侲㱧ģ°͸Դ£ĬĬĲ˵
ı㣬ü죬룬ǵ㣬һᣬһסģҲκεǣ
ĳһ˵ҲǸϵӣҪȻǰҲƸ۵ؽȫϣڵ΢˽õ̫ϡ
ȻѾӦ˺һ۸ǲǰ̫תٻͷ
˺ǰԸˡ
ĵĶͷ˵ĻĬ
һ˵Ĺϵƺֱ࣬߳Сǰ㶼ĵ֡
ҪۼؿˣϽ˻¶ҪΧˡ
촩һ̾װθߴģӢ٣ܿͳΪȺеĽ㡣
Ǹѹֵʱ߳ѧǶõʮ㽣ˣһӦҪҪǰڨ
ֻһԵģŮǾй
Ȼ֮һ۵ľ룬֮ĴųʮԵġ
οеӢŮĽԾûƣźͣ½Ų
Ȼ⸱пŮòʮִĳʹ˸۾
˫˫ȥıӰ ﷳ꣬ӿڴóһ̵֧ȼ顣
ǰ겢̣ȻԴӻָǰļ֮̾Ƶ
ӯҵʱ򣬿һįվ³̣۾ģһ硣
õϵ𣬡߰ɡ
ӯֹؿ򸵽̲꣬ס磬ȫĺ𣿡
˽ӯȻĵԼĶɩֲܵ˺һʱҲ֪òȰ֡
ûлش𣬵۾ڱصúԵظ߸ӯֵģʹҪʹһЩֶɢˡ
̫ӣڵǻʮĽԪۣǸ˽ˡ
лҪ˵ǰԤҪˡ
Сġ

 53 

ܳʱ䲻, ûã͵ûؾУˡ
ͱ֮, ͻ, ȻôҲû뵽ǣǰȻһˡ
ȻҲû뵽ͷ, ĵĿԵĵ⡣
ͷһĻһʮҵ, ŵʱֵСͷŰɫȷϻźֱ, һɹʿ
֣ɿʱ۾С
Ϥϰߵķٵǿˡ
Ȼ֣ɶһʿģ, ˿, Ȼ٣, Ҳѣʶʶ
ǸûзѶԱŮ˵ȤЦ, ʱһʶ, ġ
, ֣Цζ, ĵĿԴ޵Ȥ
˵·ɫЩѿǰ޼ɵĿ⡣
ҪڿţĶ뵱ˡ
ǲ죬ǵҵ·ˡ
֣ȴƫƫ߽һͬѧ, Ҿ֪ܲûȤǵϷԺϷԺ׼ӰչҵҾͺʺϷŮǡ
Ҫŭĸӯ˳Ļѡ
ģˣӯ߳һ˾ģؿ٣٣ŮᣬѴôÿ²ʰɡ
ӯƤϰߺ˶ţͿʷ١
֣ϳ˸ӯݣԭ͸ӯ׸ݴҲ֪񸵼ͷͣʶȤص٣ˣҰɡ
ٶ֣ɵĿ⣬Ȼ˳ظˡ
֣һߣӯ͹еؿģСãû°ɣ
ҡҡͷϸӯеĹģͻȻЩ
ڸӯĵ֮ǰΪǨŭԷԵխˡ
û¡
ӯͷû¾ͺãǲ֪˵Ŀж಻Ȼģģһ۾ͿǸˡ
˵ٵ۹Ҳûôزɣô˸һʲô˶
ڸӯŮŸӯĻɫ졣
һ羫£ŮɫŹ֣̽ͷǾȻʶԵְ
˵Ǹ٣ǸŮ𣿡
ӯŷӦԼǰ˵˻ڵصûʲôҺСúͷֻеСìܡ
ŮŶһȻԷٺ֮ĶԹȤǽĿֱӵĵϡ
㳤úƯǲǺϲ
üͷһЩ϶ؿŮ
ôǰŮЩ⡣
ӯҲĲףҲûֻ̫࣬ΪŮ֮òʱȵС˼
˳֣ҵѡ
ȴȻĵͻȻˣЦʵӯСãǾĳúҺرһ˫۾
СáƤ΢ڣһ·ִٵվһԡ
һʣʶؿ˿˵۾ʵصǵȷе񡣡
ȷеˡ
ΨһĴͬһ˫鶯ֻۣĵӸ峺Ȫˮһˮġ
ǹ龫ֵĶ磬˿һ̾뵽ʲô˵⡣
õ֮ȻģʵǾ˭ÿ
Ϊѵرԥãűһ䣺Ƕÿ
غһתߣû۹⣬͸Ǹһ
಻֪ǵˣ޴
ĿŮıӰ˼û©Ǿ仰
ӯӯʶ𣿡
ҴС浽ѣһԺģûʲô⣬ֱһЩСã⡣
Ҳû˵鲻⣬Ժ˵ȷнĵ
ӯֹ֪òú˵һݡ
룬˵ǹƻĺĸ飬ֻŲ˵ˡ

һͲ¥֣ɽŮ˵ǽϣϸܵŮ¶ļ
ҵõģҾͽϷԺһɵ͸㣬Σ
Ưֺθڣֲ鷳Ů˲࣬ӷٿеֻ֪ǸĴã֣ɶĵȤ͸Ũˡ
һʿɲˮˡ
˵ĲӣͷϢصȻ˶ǳڹƵҾôûȤˣ
֣ٵ°ͣͰĴԣúð£ҾͽЩƬ㣬ô
Ӳ˲뵽֣ϵƬ˳ؽĲϣãҶġ
֣һЦͨѽʶŮˣԭ֪뵱ദ
˭֪سŮ֪ǸصģȻǸ˸˵ơЬ
֣ԭԱùŮ˲Ȥʵںθڣ¶ĿһЩֶס
ò˵˵ʵڲã˿ʼһһС
뵽ϵģԱʱľһ˲Ť
ȻѾ̶Ҳɸɾػţ
*
ĶǱڵвһ֪ȻٺͬһᣬԴ֮󣬷پûֹʡ鷳
ʱʱ̣ʱĲԸǨλС㣬ػ䣬¶Ȼˡı飬ֻĪ
ıλ¾СķȥĸӼˡ
ӯǺϡǸˣһҪĵ鷳Ͻתע
Ҽǵ㱾ǱǴѧôͻȻˣ
ЩԺŮһϢҪͨ࣬Ͳµ߿ָǰ׼̫ƾļܿһôѧ
ӯһʣȻʱĵ鷳
Щش˴ӲĴ壬˵ƯŮҲţҪǲôÿŮȻҰָתѧˡ
ڿ˵仰ʱģ˵ĳҲˡ
ԭĬĬԣ˿羫µвصͷ
ԭһЩ˵ƴܿϵĴѧ˵ȴ׾پܵõ
ĵûʲôӦָһȵԽУǰͿˡ
ǰԹ˵Ĳˣ׹ԹҲòҪġ
ҪʲôԼ͵ȥıȡ
ԸҵˣѾʮˣαˣûĳ
ĵĺţתͷԸӯ²۵ӯ˵ǲϹˣȻŮˡûнһòûУ̿϶ϲĶϱ
ӯüεȰ㲻ҪģǸŮ
غһŮ˵ѣӯӯ㣬ҿ̫ˣŻᱻƭˡ
ӯͬص㶼Ѿˣôأ
ҵʱͶ˵̸ʵ͸Ƶģ˭Ҳû£ƫƫǵڡ

 54 

ĩ, ҵѯʸķԴ
Աԭĳ, ⷿ, óѧѧ֤Ա̬Ȳࡣ
Աӷ˷, ĵЩܳķ, 㿴Ҫһ
Աָļ¼һֶӵͲ¥ϴǹõ, ﲻ⡣
ķӶǶԺˣҲԸ⽫, ͱ˼һ
ͬ־, ûֺжԺǷӳ𣿡
Աһ, ַһҳе, ĺԺ, ˼Ҳ, ֻ, ҪҪ
ĺԺһϽڷޣԭ֮ǰǿˣ˻ϽڲԸĺԺʹڷˡ
ĺԺȻȲǰסķӣ˵Ͳ¥˵, ȷǸ÷ˡ
ΨһȱžǼǮ ҪԪҪӾҪȥһĻˡ
ĶˣԱǿֻ⣬ԥˡ
ϵͳⷿӵλúܺá
֪ϵͳ޵ķʸȻҪͿ϶Ƕкô
ңԺ˵ҲھǶһԼķӣȷбҪ
Ҳûʵͬ־ѧķֿԸɵ̵ģ
ԱȻû뵽ľȻӣǴ⡣
廧ոճûã˴
ڹԱ̬ȻǾҵû¶ʲôǵ̿ҪҪĻϵʽԺҪзԴҿԼʱϵ㡣
Աл¥µĹõ绰ȻָŹԱȥ˿ӡ
ĺԺ뾩ǴѧԶдҪʮӡ
Ϊûд¶ʷĲɣУоһ۾ͿǸ÷ӡ
ǴһĽĺԺֳġ
ԱЩĵȷԭǸĽĴ˼ңԭˡĺԺˣ͸ɴֳլӡ
ҲˣӵֻһĺԺ
ȻźȴҲ֪ڵǿһĽ̫ˡ
ĺԺ˴ǸˣĽбķнˮص㡣
ĺԺðһС԰ɽţϤĸо
ĶĺԺ⣬һ֮󣬾ڷԱļ֤˼ҽ˽ף˳õ˷֤
õ֤ʮָˣеҪͱ˷ԼĿ֣뵽ԼûȥľУ̽ʹһϲ
УǳϸҪ̽˻ҪǼǣҺԾ˶ݽȥ
ֻĵԱţŵϴүؿһۡ
еزϴүĿĲ죬ɺصүôˣ
ϴүݸ߸ߵģҲȽϳĬԣֻҡҡͷʵĵ֮ͷĽȥ
Уд˼ĵطѰϴүĵַȥȴҪ;У벻Ļ档
ҲʱϴүǸĿԭͬ˼
վµ˶ûзĵĵ
㣬ȴû뵽ͲԼҪϽߣί۾ˡ
ͷһ嶯ͻȻ㣬ϿС
ûϵᷢ裬һʱ佫ϵŮ˸
㷢ʲô裡㲻زԼ촽Ŀʮַŭ
³ĶֶˣίַŭԼôˣ㣬Ȼңǰҵĳŵˣ
ֻĪʲôŵҸ㣬Ѿжˣ㲻Ҫٲ
ίˣԭ㶼ˣ˵ԺȢӵģĺ
һӦǷϣȷ¡
ֻⲻǱѾͷҼңӦģﵱһ¡
ңҪûǴĻʱѾͷֻʮ꣬˭ὫһëѾͷͯﵱ档
ǲҼϷӦģҲ档μˡ
ã²㣬㵱ӦҵŮѣȴϲŮˣ
СѾͷÿУֻͷˡ
ֻжʱԼΪʲôôɣŮ̸һֵҫ顣
㲻ӦԼͷĨᣬǡɶĲŵĿ⡣
ӦѸ٣סĸ첲ĿҫԼȨ
㲻ԣתͷһʱŵ඼˳
Сã㼱æϽȥ׷תߵġ
׷Ůˣö˶š
Сã˵㿴ġ㼱òУһץǰģס
㣺ͽͣ˼ǲģŮѣ㻹ӦҪȢ
Ǿ仰ʱֻ֡
ڶԱˡδޡһʹޣһЩõļ䡣
˵пܻڵߵελ
㻹ûôĮӣһӾͰƵԶԶġ
òײɿڴӦԼŮѣôܾô֡
㼱ɫˣץֲţ͵һ̾ͲҪˡ
Сã˵Һġ
ǰ£̸ֵҫʹӦѾͷıסǺܿͷˣ֮ҾҲûϵҲ֪ѾͷôͻȻҵġ
ҲԡСãҪңڶˡԺֻһŮˣῴŮһۡҪҶѣҾҪ׺䣡
˵֮󣬽ģصĵĻӦ
㲻ͣҲܲµ֮ǰǸ氮ֵӣŮ̸ҲΪ档
ϾǵһμʱĶǻӵӡ
ҲָһϲŮϾԼҲйһ飬ղĻ棬ͻ
Ů˶˽ģȻ˵ԼҪԭ㣬ȴȻи񣬵ͷ˵Ҳû˵ԭԭ¡
㼱òУ뵽ʲôͻȻӿڴóһֻľż
ľżȻ̵úֲܴڣȴŮ϶ؿ̻ܿóġ
Щ˼ؽľżݵǰСãھУʵڿѵѵʱ̵ģ̵Ĳÿ㲻Ҫ
Ҫǿԣ޲úʱʱ̵̿شһȻ֪ԼҪŮһǰ̣ҪȻԼԼ
ֻһ˼޷ƣǡһսѶ̣ͽĵģ
żģﶯݣȴȻɿڣҿôúģΪøľżԭ㣿
ЩɥصԺÿ춼һľż㣬ֱСԭΪֹ
Ĺⲻ˵㼱ˣŵ˵ͷǾҪĳˡ
źݺһ˷ܵҪģȴһָֻסˡ
һûԭ֮ǰ׽ҡ
ɥˣؿġ
ϧĺݵúܣ֪ʱֻ̫ὫƵøԶˣľż뿪˾У
Ȼȴ֮仹ء
㿴ȥıӰ޲óԼһơ
׷ദʱ̬ô΢Ϊеޡ
㣬ǸɵӣûǸŮ˸ϲ㡣
ǳʧȥģ˵˵ʲô
ȴƫƫҪʹ㻹֪ɣӯѾģ˵Ϊʲô̬ȶô䲻ȣΪѾҪ֡
㣬ѣǸŮ˸ϲ㡣Ҫ㣬㣬ô侲̬ȡ
ҲֻΪѣ˵ţץѱˡ
ˣۣ˵ˣ
֪һûк⣬Ȼ㻹ǿƲסࡣ
뵽ĵεطŭԱ֮£ľ͹侲ˡ
㻹̲ס룬ղĲ׽ǲѾʧȥˡ
ʹضӣԴԼ

Ѿ뿪Ļ֪֮Σ
ѧУ·ϣ̲סľż˳
ֻǻϸ꣬־ͱһ谵
ıͻȻֵŵòУҪгͱ˵סˡ
ҡ˻Ƶص
ĸһòС
ˣһ̤˸Ľϣſңٲ֣ҾҪˣ
һֳǽڣһֽģĿⶨľżϡ
ôϲϲʹŮѣҲܺһ𡣡Ѿҹʧˣ۾Ѫ˿鿴Щɲ
Ȼȴעһ㣬˸ңӣ
ƽģҶǱƷģ
ģ֪ǵǰļ䡣
ĲͷܿĶôڶδˣѵ㻹ҵ檣һβҵˡ
ĵ°ͣʹԼĿ⣺ģˣûʲôδޣ˵ͯͼˡ

 55 

۽ë˲, ִشȥʣǰѡ, ûп, ˵Ҷ˵ǿȨһ
ԣŮ°͵һ, ۿ졣
ѡͷ, ŮĲ󣺡Ҵˣصߺòá
̧ͷ, ſŮۡ
֪֪꣬, жʱ, жʹ, һֱܻңûС
е˶ϲ׼̫ʱ, ж಻, ϣܸһĵı֤, ҲûС
㿴, ǰǽҶǱһô
ֻúùӣ޸ϲҵˡ꣬ŹҺòãˡ˵, Ӻŵˮڵ
ڸϣ̵ֲ˲
ǽϵֽսŮߵĻһƵģʹ޷粵
һ£ɬɳƣãԺ󶼲ˡ
˵֮󣬸ûȥĵķӦŲһ£תˡ
ĵȸȥ֮󣬲ŷӦ˲ϵˮ鸴ڡ
ղŶŸᣬһʵһĹ޸ģԼҲûа̫Ӽĸôá
ҺһֱǸ̫꣬ӡ
ԭվãȥ֮󣬲߳ӡ
ûע⵽ǣתǴһֱȥıӰþò

˵ûģûٳǰʵࡣ
ľϲǣǰ컹˵ûзԴķʹ绰ģ˵е㽫һ
ĵûпΣͺ͹ԱԼʱȥӡ
ԱܸĵԭȻǸӪ꣬һһϢĺԺȻ󣬵˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʮ⣬Ҫ򣬺ܿͺͷԱǩ˺Լ
Ϊ֮ǰһľ飬ټǰǸ̻˼ҵŮĶⲢİ
ƺװͼֽװ֮ԭһЩ¾ɵĹӪͻȻһ£Եøɾá
ʲôѾãϵͳ˽ʳ׸óʱ
ҽ̵ҹ֮ҲһƸʾڵǰ
ĵĽ̾λڼѧΧĽֵ֮ϣοԭǸӪ꣬װ޵Ķ˸סһЩѧ
һƸʾֵ
ҪӦƸȴûһ
ʱԸ廧ձ鶼ǿģϳǾǴѧУЦǶˣȴͭζ
ȻˣԴĴӾУͶıӲǱӣ۾۾
Ѿޣȫˣͣš
ӯӯ㣬˵ĵˣôϲnӯԹ
ӯѾʮֵػصԵְɡ
⸵ӯܵĻش죬˵ĵĻ
¶ԥҵģ˵Լ
Ŀɫִٵ࣬Щ죺ҪҵĽ̵Ա
Ϊǲ⣬һ˫ӵڼҾͺܻɻģģһúøɵģ͵
ĵǲ࣬µദҲ֪Ǹʵˣ˱Ƚ֮⣬Ҳûʲôȱ㡣
ҪҵĻȽӣǺ棬ͲıЦ
ʹҡҡͷᣬġһŬɻġ
ĶӻǺΣһ£ֽڿ죬ϵĻҲְ
ǽãǰ컹ʽƸ£һӾһĸŮ
ԭڽôӴˣſڴŮϸʣ𣿡
תһͷһڣƼݵĸŮվڵǰ
긾Ůû뵽ôƯһʱִٵزУʮҵŮҲӵظ
һ˵⣬˽
һѯŵ֪˻йµˡ
긾ŮƼŮ㣬ΪѾس֪ɷ
ֻ֪ɷس֮ѶûƼ¼ַͥ˳˺һͷϵǮƶˣҪ¶޽ͷˡ
ֻƼֲԸô£;
Ŀ¶ͬ飬Ͳ̴Ӧˡ
ıȽϽϾĸŮҪס⣬ǿģ˵ġ
ƼҲǸŮˣû⶯͵ҳջԣһ±ⷽӣҪϰҪҿԽд
Щ⣬ΪŮֱ۸Ҳʵˡ
ĲȱӣϲˣĸŮȻأָɾҲ峺ʵǩһµʱϸ֮תΪʽ
ƼϲмصллϰǣǲҪǮֻҪܰסͺá
ҡͷҲҵԱյĹأʱʮ飬ת֮ʮΪǼְģĸŮĹʶʮһ£Σ
ƼŴˣϽ֣ãôСõŹʣϰһǮС
úƼȥİˣϰ壬ҵģԺҪ±ĳȥһֳɡ
Ƽû뵽ôõ飬˫ֶ֪ˡ
صͷøжͺá
й˵ԱĵĽ̺ܿͿҵˡ
ҵ죬ڵſһž˵Ŀ⡣
һӣԥģǰһԳԣ᲻̫ˣ
ģģеãʧܿ׬ġ
Ȼͽӵϰ壬Ҳֻˡ
ѵͷȻʮЧԭڹ·˶½½̡߽
ϸһֵװ޺˼Ȼһ͸Ĳһ۾ܿĻɾ
װܰʣһƹˡ
Īڲ˵ϵɫˡʺӡˡ
˺𣺡ϰ壬ʺʲôѵӻʺһɫģ
ΧŷɫΧȹЦӯӯشȻеġ
ȻƼһĲʺӰ˳ɫСɾµĽһӾס˵Ŀ⡣
ۣСӵĿǿճˡ
ְ֣ҪԲʺӡ
ҲҪһСˣ
úúãϰ˵ԳԻ𣿡ͲסӵҪ󣬷׷ʵ
ѾˣϽк˵ֻҪǰһλˣԳһĽӡ
˲ʺֿĿӣ˵ϻаײȣʽȣϲȵȵࡣ
޷ƵմӵĽֽ֭һƤĽӣͣ¿ӡ
ģ˲ѵһݽӣʼڶˡ
ϵ֮⣬˶û뵽һҵͻôãæֽŶͣˡ
˶дģҽӵǴѧΨһһҸ廧ʳֶ࣬ǰܿ˳ӣֵĳԴԴϵĿˡ
ûкĹֶΣͨǵĿڿഫĵĽ̺ܿʹ
˵ԽĵλúͿˡ
ǵһӪҵһ飬ȥɱ׬һٿ顣
ѾĿɿڴˣȻǽԽԽӪҵʱһʼ˷ܼľˡ
˭뵽һ̣µëǧ顣
⻹ֲ֮£ԭĻ㵥һӺ±⣬ɼһ¹һ̱ģҲֻʱסչҵĴ㡣
ļģЦŵˣ٣粻ùˡ
һˣģǲۣɵö
µĶԱŮҲ࣬ѾѧĴ󷽷ˡ
εЦЦͲ͵һ
໹ȰƼͷסࡣ
಻ԣֱڶ쿴棬֪Ǵףա
˵ΪæŽ̵飬Ķ콫Ժ
Ҫ绰֧֧͸¶Լյ飬ĶԼŸ١
ҲôˣӦҲѵˣʹһԸ³
ףֱġ
Ϊ˵˼ݽӣͼڵķˡ
Ķľ֪ˣЦӭ˳ȥȴڿ㲻Ծɫʱסˡ
һ·ʱңʮֱּߵǰԽ⸽ԽϤϵЦݽˡ
ļЩŭﲻôˣѵ̫ˣ
սȭͷ˭ĵꣿ
Ĳԣѽ
ȴͻȻʧصץסĵ֣СãΪʲôҪƭңǸµĲҵҵپҪǧ飬ôǮ
СãҪϲ⣬ңҼҲе̣͸㡣ӸĶòã
˵ˡ


 56 

ָ, ﶸȻһС
Լ˵ĸһͬ
ɿɫ㣬ٶҲҲйĿӡ
ƺӿѧ⿪ʼ, Ķεĸо, ִʶѡá
ָо⣬޶˲¼, Ψкúý͡
Ҳ֪ҵԭ, ҿԱ֤ȷҵǮģ㻹ǲ, ҿԺһȥҹԱš
㿴ϵʧȻӼʧص˹
ǰס, ɥصԲ, С, ˡ
ֻǣǲҪĶò, Ҽбҵλøõĵ, ҿ͸㡣
ĵһӦǾܾ, ҽ̻ܶ˼, ִϵͷĲΪѵĶɶѡ
ֻſĵԥԴ˲ĵĲӣصСãӦҺòãҲ͸̫ϵ, ֪㻹ġ
˵꣬ƺûɷ 
Щ꣬ɶ˿Ŀ⣬ĻѡЭ
áҴӦ㣬һҵֻҲҪʱ䴦
չ¶˵ЦݣĵĲСãҾ֪ˡ
ЦЩǿźۼ˳ĻҸ棬԰ɣٲԾҪˡ
ڿϷḻĲȣģ͸ˡ
в˶һ飬ĵضһ顣
ľ棬Եĸ˵ģЦЦ
ںԺӵԭ˳ܵͷһ͸϶ĿһֺۣܿͺãŷĵضԶˡ
пĽصãǳҲܿͺˡ
Ƽȴü˵ϰĴ㻻ַ
äĿţʮֹ۵صô㻻ַ̣϶Ҳܺܺá
ʲôʱУɲΪӰĸ顣
Ƽһӣεҡҡͷ
ô򵥵ġ
ȻƼ֮Ĺ£ҲóĶԽ̵ģΪãҲںԷɡ
ǲָ֪龭ˡ
ƼԼ֪ɷįصͷ
Ϊ֪Լˣһֱڵظɻ֮󣬻ϴ롣
ϴֽ֮ԺĲˣɵȻ죬ȳһĺɴףֻһġ
ļ¶һ⣬ϽƿĿ⣬ϵ䣬Ͳ
ϵľͷмսĶСãǺˣ
ķ˸ƤİۣȻ󷽷ؿ¶ļ⣬ˡ
㿴ŮϤĽ̬ĲԶ
СãҴȥҰòã
Щ⣬֪ôͻȻҪҳˡ
Щԥص᲻̫ˣ
Ͻҡͷһ㶼죬СãҰˣǶϲ㡣
Ĳţ趼ûңôϲңҲĵ㡣
㱻ҲţЦصСãô㣬Ұ϶ܿϲϱġ
ĻǾ̫ˣȴԾȷ˵ʮִţһֱĥĵͷ
ܲĆ£ǵ˵ͷ
һӦ˵ϵЦݲõǹСһ
Ŀϴĸˣе΢һЩ
õĵ׿ϣ͸Ͻ˼ңʣʱͼ˴к󽫼ɽãŲҳ죬ɫ
ȴܵſڣҪ뿪ĸꡣ
һͷâһƺŻӡ
׼ȷ˵˲Ÿ꣬ҼҸǲǴʹƻҺС֮ĸ顣
꣬ǿˣ
ٴУϵȴ˿͸Ƴһۣ˵һѰζĻ㣬ȥˣ㻹ӡ
Ī׷ʣȴûĺţתˡ
Ͻܽݣ׷ʵ裬ǲʹġ
ڿɳϿֽεص˵ʲô˻үүĿˡ
һӽˣ֮ǰѾ˵˰ͬԺѡҪԼѡȴû뵽үүһء
Ҳ׵ɸֵӣת˳ȥȥڴ󲮼үүȥ
εýϵıֽӱԹ˵Һ͸ݱҲ٣ôĶӺһȣͲôࣿ
ڽɷԹͬصǶӲˣСοƾԼŬ˾У
εҡҡͷεصһһѾǸҵĶһżıӻڶ֪ºŮҵʱҪȥˡ
ȻάԼĶӣⲻǵԼͰòС֪ģ־СûˣӾͲܿݵ㡣
ε̾һҲ֪ľǶԻǴʱɳ̫עҪһЩ
Լ˾ˣͲ
ܵҴ󷿼ҵѾүүе֪ǰľ¡
Щ޷ܣүүͰֵΪʲôңҪ֪ˣ϶ġѵ;Ǹµث֡
үȻѾϡް߰ףȴȻӡ
۰СѾӺˣĿ¶ο뵽ʲô΢΢̾һ
һļݸСӣȿ˵
үү˵֮ǰǼұ飬ΪǺ͸һͬݺˣȴ֪ʲһ 
㿴дŴø类ߥźЩ˹һ𣬷ŭشһȭǽڡ
øأҪôԸɳ¡
үӺסŭ㣬ѾųһͷҲ֪ˡ
һ£ʹСƤȣԭδӰ˵Ĵø˼һ£Сͱǿȴû뵽Ҳ߽ݾ;
С㣬˵֮ǰ´һ󡣡
˵ģ϶ǽǰүүֽģӺܺãүүһϲġ
Ȼ˵ҳĴ㡣
үӿӵЦݣϵ΢΢ݣֻ뵽֮ǰ͸һԻε̾һ
ǿɵӣүҲĴӵΣʱһ졣
Դһ֪ڶؾȥġ
ĵһμҳЩţһһ·ͣѯҴһÿ
ɵɵЦÿ
ĿϵɵЦ֪ûнˣ˼һѡһɫȹӣԵֲʧƤ
ôӣϵЦݸɵˣֱص֮ǰһֱɵЦ
ֻǵһ֮ʱЦˡ
ĿڿͳĵЦһۣ
ЩһۣȻ裬ôˣ
治ӵ̬ȣ͸һδɩӲǺ𡣡
Щ꣬ȴҲҵֻŮ˰ֵ㡣
ʵϣҲûдĵ㸸ĸԣֻǺ˵˵ЦЦ׽ͬһĸŮһӴģŮˡ
ĵ㸸ĸ鶼ûг֣෴˱ǶúܺãͿģغĺ˼䡣
ȻֿеظܵҸĸò߱Ĳϲ
߻ƲϲϲϾԴһİʲôر
û뵽һ䱩ڼ㸸ĸʱ
άϵЦݣȴԽĳţԭмڴҲʧˡ
ֱӵظܵĵĵĲͣԽҪվʱۼֿذסȻε尢̣˼ҸոҵﻹЩûдȸˣݼǡ
ɷһۣȻǸغĵдˡ
ϴαЦݵԼǲܣûõ顣
ףľվ尢̣Ҿȸˡ
һתĵЦݾŲɿ뿪ҡ
Сãżˣȥ׷ȴ׵סˡ
վס
ۣŭؿε裬֮ǰ˵ˣǽΪʲôôСã
εȴǿȻȥҪһЩ¡
û˷ŭģҲˣֵַ뿪ˡ
ûˣεŵǻҵ˭Ҷɹѹأ
㣬Ҳûвµ˭ȴѡӱܡ
㣬ҿ㲻죬ɳȴͬѡӱʵεĿʧص
ڸ׶ϤĿ֮£Ǳزͷ
֡


 57 

֮ܳ, ͷһۣû׷, ʧ֮, ־˸еĹޡ
ͷϰϰѾͷ΢΢ҡ
ڽ̵ȥףƼ, ͻȻôȥˡ
߽һֵСԽ, ˸С̯¡
廧ͬӿֳڸܼĵطγһֵСԽ֡
СԽֳʳḻع, ףѼ, ҲЩϷС, ۺͳ۵ȡ
ĸС, ϰдŮɶ, иֺóԵġ
ʵûʳ, ֻǵҸֵĵط嵭еķա
һ۴ϰ, ÿһһ
ϰտСԵ, ǵһôƯŮҪôණȰŮԵôҪȻȵһ룬Ҫǻٸϲˡ
ıϰⶺЦ, ǵһμҲġ
ãҪҳԲҾʹȥ
ϰûжȰĵҪÿһϲˣǰĵġ
Ѿ緹ĸ߷ʱ䣬ĶһһСԣƵسŸտСԡ
ϰĿģлȻտζɵĳԽȴĿɬ
üתͷһָڵһһ߳ſһߺСƣ⣬ͲŸˣľϰҲԼһ׾ơ
ϰǸĳģĵȰŮ׾ͷҪȻҸϵϺȡ
ҡҡͷҪȾơ
ϰ޷ֻܽԼ˽İ׾˳
һߵƣһԹ˵ľΪҲ֪ҽԼȵġ
ϰǸ͵ıӣϴһԼˣҲֺǺǵЦˡ
ĳ°ͣŷƽȤĻƯһ˿Ľ
ıϰ޵ĴЦݸȾʱ֮ǰķԺרעԸǰʳ
ĳԵúʱϰҲ﷢
ֱɫڵС̯ѾƳӵú͵ƣϰȵİĺѣŮ㿴ҲҪ̯ˣҲˣһŮǾؼҰɡ
Ļ˻ΰѬԴ̧ͷһŷֲ֪Ѿˡ
ϰлǮ֮󣬾ͽŲķߡ
ʱǹ¹ʱ䣬߻ʱشһгһڽϣҲ¡
ãͷЩΣ뿿ǽһһ
ѰķȥǴġ
ӾͷǸ谵ͬϸϣŮ˺ȵ
ءϸ־
ʱӻ磬Ů˵ĺһӦȥˡ
ֻĺܿ췴ӦԾתߣֻǱ󼱴ٵĽŲԷбġ
ľˣһͷƴǰܡ
ֻǻûܵ˶ĵطһ˾ʹ³ס
ŵҪкһӾǿӲסĿڱǡ
ĺõɴ۾Ŀؿǡ·ˡ
Էƺ鷳ͷŲҴҵˡ
ءıİߣƴűȭߣȴͻȻŵһһ˵ֱϡ
֣ɿŵԼŮˣץ˵˻һԭֻСҰè
ԭڵϵķվŲʡµģЦһһֵǧ㻹ϽСȥܡ
֣ΪڳԴףõشЦ°һףЦԴˣģУҪ
һ˿񣬿һϽϺεģˣҩЧ쵽ˣ㻹ǿ㽫Ů˴߰ɡ
֣ʵҲļˣסŮ˾ǰһߣһլ˽ȥ
ٿ֣ɽıŷĵ뿪
֣ɽڴϣֺＱϵ·Ҫѿӵʱ򣬴ϵģѵ۾
Լߣӿһɶģҧҧͷʹʹࡣ
֣ûСѾˣҪϣĳͱŮ˺ݺһߡ
໣֣ʹסĳ۵ɫŤࡣ
ĳûŵķܣȴûţͱͷ˦˴ϡ
ļһʹڴϡ
֣ɰ빭վĿ׺ݣŮˣӣ˻ȻˣͱӲϧ񡭡
ۼҪѹļŶȭߣȴǿ׳˸ѹȥ
ҪǸңԺ󲻻ŹġĶݺݵص֣ɵ
Ȼ֣ⷬɿͽͣЦõ⣬ģȰñˣһܶõ㡣ԱߵûУΪ׼ģºһƬ
ŭ£ἱöƫƫ˿̵ֲһӿֻǰδеľ
֣ɼС˿޵滨꣬޹Դһĵķ飬鲻Խʿˮĵȥ
ҹĿ޵˻ƣҪ׾ʱ򣬸ϵͻȻ˦˳ȥ

˭һӺ£֣ɱ˦ǽϣʹڵء
꽫ϵ׸Ůϡ
ʶһ
ɫѿˣ֮ԵȴޱĶ
ͷĵĶͷ£ˡ
ʵۣϳǰ˭
ꡭ
һµ껳㡣
Ůŵ÷ۼˣɴཫ
ڵϵ֣ɼ˻ĺ£ݺݵص֪֪ǡ
˭ֻû˵ֱ֣һǽϣȻˤñףɵģ֪ΪǸһװ˵ĳˣһƲ
֣Ĳҽü
ŮһԼһֻסĶ䣬ͿʼһֵŹ

֣ʹú޲ýԼһš
ѾˣϢٵĵ
ҲԸԼĽţؿڵĶ֮󣬾ͱ뿪ˡ
֣ɣȻȥĵط
ᳵ·ؽıҷŵ֮󣬸ͱŮ
յСͨ죬۴΢ٵգûзӦáءڿ˵޶ԡ
̵òͻѹŮ·֣ǿ̧ͷԼ˭
Ĳ֪Ϊʲôǲףǵǰġ
ίˣʵؿͷϤף૵ص¡
һˮ£Ըˡ
ĬؿһۣȻԱߵĴ˾ĵָסˡ
ıڴϣˣý˸һš
걻Ҳ⣬վ߳ԺӴһ辮ˮĲӡ
ˮһմľͱһĿίֿߵؿŸ꣬ɻΪʲôͻȻ»ˡ
ε̾һؼĲӡ
ҩԱǿֻˣҲر۾˯˹ȥ
꿴Ů˯ݣϧصͷĶͷ˯ɡ

ѣã̲סȥ׷ġ
ĺԺʱҷеƹ⣬֪ǻؼˡ
յذһͷûȥģʹĿһߡ
һǽĵĸ߶ȣһԾֽŲõΧǽȻȥ
ڴҷȥȴߵǰʱס˽Ų
˵ͷŮᶯӽ졣
ȴûǰʵĵ˺һתߣûȥ۵ĶһĻ


 58 

ĵڶʱ, Ѿ뿪ˡ
ϱͿҩ˿ڣĶҪΪĳһˡ
ıű, ڻ, һʱԼʲôˡ
ֻڼҴһ죬ȥѧˡ
ѧ֮ǰ, 򹫰ֱ˾, ˵Ѿǰ˾ǻԴ¼ı֤ᱣ˽ġ
Щ, Ǹһˡ
Ȼܿ, ٱߵУ԰ﴫķз
Ϊٻһ, ˵һͬ, ٰܻ
ڷٵ׷ʲô飬У;û͸¶, ˺á
Ĳûбⳡ۲, ֪˵õӦеĳͷ֮, ͽȫ˼ŵϡ
ֱҲûг, ľѡȻҲûѪ
ŽϣֽһƸſڡ
ƸҪϴθ߶ˣһйĵ곤
˻ɻΪʲôҪе곤ֱֽڵĵ֪Ǵ̵Ĺģ
࿴ĵͷæµӰ, Щģ˽ƼƼ㣬˵ĺǲֱŤˣϴǲȥҳôѾһ¶ûˡ
Ƽֽ˲ϵˮһģѾ˲²⣬ǵϰ˽ǻǲҪ²⣬ܴԼĸ顣
౻Ƽѵһ٣ƵصͷҲûٺҴ⣬ʵʵظɺԼĻ
곤ôУϾй˴ǳ쵼ձ뷨ãôܻùһСС̵ĵ곤
вҲżǴ˸绰ӡ
ӵ绰ӵŮĵ绰ǳˣ߶߶ڴѧ
ĵش꣬Ȼ˵ԼĴ㣬裬ھǿһҽ̣ȱ֣͸ɩǰҰɡ
ԼҹŮ⣬Ҳ⣬Դ˸֮Ůʮ
Ϊ˵ĽֻǸСС̯ͷҲû̫࣬ظ֤ܿͻȥǰ
˵绰֮󣬾ͼæػ˼ңϱϽʰȥǼСá
Ҵʱһ˶ڼǶ֪ղȥӲĵĵ绰ˣ˼УΪǳʲôˡ
üǵص裬СǱ߳ʲô𣿡
ԣõ˴һƣޣľͷúأ᲻˵ġ
ӢԼ˰ѵЩεؿһۣȻΧ裬ֻǹСá㻹û˵ȥʲôء
ȻǺ£Сھǿһҽֲ̣ȥæ
˶ûӵͷҪȥСһھҲ
ӢҲû뷨ô׵ģˣ˼ڣֲĽڡ
ȻӢôģٴλд˸ӵ÷ҲȤصͷ򴨱Ｘȥá
ϱС˼С򵽻Ʊ֮󣬾Ϳżڻʳ̤ȥ·̡
ֻǻǵģľͻӣϾﻹҪ׬֡
˿֯ĽʱŴ͡
ϱһӺŵָẒ̌СãǼҵĵꣿ
ĴԺȥдϢǰԱߵǼҵҲˡһʱܲɩҡ
ɩӷģҲǵġ
ӲԼõļ⣬˵ʲôģĸøɻ쾭𣿡
ʵСһۺʮԼˡ
ԼôУҲΪԺĺ롣
һֱԼҹŮҲûˡ
ֵܻˣҲһ漰Ǯ⣬ٺõĸҲױꡣ
ûִЦЦԼҸˡ
˵ѾˣȿĺԺʱѾ𾪵˵ˡ
ǵļǿǰĹүסĺ÷ӡ
С֮ǰϷĴɩ˵ĶɩٴԼѡˡ
ЦӯӯɢŹâģٴμᶨҪĻ뷨
˼˵İææóתһЩ
磬ָŹװ޸ĵ̣ʧµڳˡ
Сá
ΪԼˣתһͷվ⣬ݲɣˡ

˸Ĺ԰һʱԡ
˳ĬСãġ
̧ͷҪȥ
ϵգϴŹЦݣ֮ǰѧУѡѪҺͨˣҾʽˡ
µĻڣ龹ƽҪȥꣿ
㣺ԲСãҺҪǻǷְɡ
ĳĬһŵ𣿡
ѵص˵ͷ
ûбֵЪ˹ֻǶ΢Цףǰƽ
ҲͬЦЦСãҲǣһҪҸ
֪ηֵԭȴĬûдǲ㴰ֽ
һۣת뿪ˡ
Ŀڳϣ㶵ؿͷεգһʱ벻֮ôߵһ
뿪ߵάֲסǿװƽ
ۿֳԱߵϣѵعСãԲ𡭡
õһⱬҲ޷ӿˮ
СãҺ᲻㡭
ס۾ˮֵķ϶ʵӳ鴤

ڳãֱ¶ȽͣŴӷ״̬
վĿĵڹ԰š
԰ﲻеϷޣ͵͵Լ£һڶСϣŶߴϸеĹ¼Ÿ
Ϊߺܾãֱͷվŵˡ
忡Ŀ㣬һ򵥵İ׳ڿƺֻصĵһμӡ
ƺ⿴վĸ꣬ЦЦ
˵𣿡
ĿᣬǰƯĹʸ׷𣿡
ıЦˣ˼һͷǾͿܴܲλƯˡ
Ļ߽ҾҪþչ׷жˡ
лҪ˵һվжСɰԵǵģվCP  beˣ¿ʼŮҵߺ͸׷·ΪʱȱȽϴҲȽ飬ͷڷдˡ
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