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˽ϵĴ֣ӳŷл谵⣬СһƬҰס
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⣬ЦǰָĵᣣӸµĿ۵׾ǳôҵĹ£ڣ㻹һ档
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ǰͷվվǲμӿˣҲֻ·һ
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Ӫܴ󣬴Ӳ磬ԼĺХղЩδѹ͵еһֲ
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ܳľǰУĽŲʼЩǣȴԽԽȵ޶õ̤Ӫ
î۵ӹһĨ⣬ԸҲģʽ̳ĺͽܣ
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ȻҿĿˣƪ촩˼·⣬ʱͣģⱾ˽ӣ

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ūĽʮϿڽĿУαװȻض˵ṦĸйҲǱرҪأȻЩпġ
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ܹͨ˵İūֻʮ֮һ͡
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׼ūڰӪеʵѾڶУˣǰصɸѡܹμһصſ롣
îĵվڴſڣ֣ʮûκ׵ĳͥԺУ̭İū빬
ͥԺУɲǼ䣬ʮ˵Ŀȫϡ
˲࣬ǰЩվվȣȻܽͨؿΪֻһ֮ң·κ϶ܣϣҪɵ֡
ȻܴʱܲãͲ԰׵ϸûһ˿Ѫɫ˫ϣЩʺ죬΢ɲĻ˻Σܿľȵ֧վȡ
֧Ų˶ˣΪūûʸսֳܱһؽΪʸ֮ġ
ܺãîµĴĻȣĿɨܣʮӰϣƵ𣺡ʧ
ʮϢǰʮӰѾȫʧֻ΢΢ζĿ֦ԼʣһӰ
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ͥԺͻȻӾֽţϵ˲δȬľ֧Ųվȣԭʮ֮һжҲΪٻһ˵İϮֵܵȫԸֻ·һ
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СüͷԥľܾҪ
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Σͷֽ̧ͣ˿ˣ˵ˣֻһ
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մǳźɫ廨ļаӣһ۷ɫĴ֣ӵѩ׵ĺëСһ룬Ѿһֻӡ
ƫƫֻӳ㾫£ƴСϴЦüȾƯĻȣ·˵Ŀ
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ٴ϶ȷееľȻ˻ΣҪʲôƵѸվȡ˫ȣɫӶʹࡣ
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緢ʱû˿οڴʱǰԸǰС䣬ΪʱʧȥʸܷڰӪ޷ȷ
ܱۣƾʹϯȫһһĥԼٸԼʲôϣˣپڶξ
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ǰܱʱȱûʲô󰭣ɽֻĿű޷ܣ֪ǰһ״
Ӫʲôõط˵ķпᣬڲϣҲΣûί
˼ʱ򣬺̫ҽˡǿɫüͷʱҹûϢãѵİûЧ
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һּ̫ҽֱ̾Ǻ֣ǵӺãɾûˡ
̫ҽ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǿѽ
̫ҽ̾ҡͷ׵üëšһţֳ˼ܵϿʼȻ
Сֹסķס
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ҡҡͷǰĿеļСѵ̫ҽ㶯ЩѪˡ
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̹ǵʹٴϯȫŨŨƣĸй٣֪ΪĴɣѾ޷ƣҪһ˿ܡ
֪Լ֧Ŷãѵʶڰû
ԺһİϤĻ棬ɼȴûаֺۼ
µʬɽѪȾѪսӭ̻Ի͵̫͵ϣָۣʻȨʹ췭ظͣõĻ棬ȴһҡ
еŮݵòֹɵϣ죬̧ͷһ˫Ưˮ
ô¶ЦҶþûɹ̫ˣ㱳ҳȥòã
ЦţÿһֶʮܣʶӣЩ㱣ǹ
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̫ҽĵͷ˦˦Щ۵ƣ˳ĴѨбۿС׵Ľε±ˣϳµġ
ƯˮǲΣСֹ̫ҽʲôô졭
Ȼ̫ҽģС̫ҽʮоŴζʶǳҽ޲ڣɸո˦ֶһƣôβ
⡭̫ҽεϳֵзִ磬ǲʼղ̫ţ˿ںֹѪҲȥӰ顣
ƶǶ̳Է꣬еķ˲飬вҽҩ䣬ֻǴδù
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״ҲɵܾͰиˣ̫ҽһҪκ
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ⷨӼáǰһȥˣ鿿ϣȴҲȥһ֡
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ⲡ˵߽ӹеʳУ̽̽ѵ¶ȣҷԸŷЩȺˣ⼸ˡ
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֪컹ŸܣСȾ˲춼ҪҩбһۣĿɨ⣬۵׺ЦʵˣôͻȻҪͻ̫ҽҼǵö赲ҩͼǳǰմ֣֮ϲ
ֻؼ࣬ǳҰ֪£Ҳû˭Ҳ۵Ĵһ򻤵ýֻ˸Ǵδй
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ڽӡУ罪߲ϲֻҲδǰἰȻûй⡣
ֻӦ̫ҽٷڣɶִһ׺
룬˵кܶ಻Ĳػϲģ߱ǣ͵ˡ
ģüü۸Щƣż鶯һ˫ӰƯǻ⡣
գգֱۣ׽Ȼģѣûõģ˵ˣ˽϶
ŶбۿҪǶȫϲأ
ǾͶ͸硣ԥĴӦˣػȻ󣬵ھһУѪֵϧġ
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硣Ѿǰͷһ̧ۣŸȥεˡ
ϵ˫΢أĶŻۣԴЩѣ·ļԺгڡ
Щ䣬ֻԼܵݵʹࡢΡŭ
ֱһСŮƿţںƯˮ漣رƽ 
˫۾ϤϤĲӶҡ
ģüз·ʢŹ⣬΢΢Ĵǳ¶һűݣ´⡣
ʶҪ˫ѱһһ޲޷
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СĿһϤӰԺ˲ըѣͻӿ岻ı
̤ţػоۼҵ˷йڣ۳ȥҪøĵСУ굽ʲô͡
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ҲôͻȻƳܿӲĴ˸мȻֹ
вɱ׶ӿĺ·ˮӿߺ󱳾һ亹ıǸŵˣ׺ݵɱ⣬δ
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ӵĻ治ӿ֡֯ɫʹ࣬ԴϹ䣬ѩ׵޲ȾϴƬƬĺ졣
˿ٴ˺ѣĿĺɫߡ
Сף˲ϽڵĲɫתԸ죬⣬ȥ̫ҽ                        

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ָ̫ܷ齣üͷȻЩġ
һûʲôõķˣֵģ벻ףɽղЩٶУȫȻ֪ڽеĵλ
ԽбԽޣ۾ĪϹ˲ɣǰ
ѡĺðҹȻӲƫƣȫ˵
մӰӪгԹеĹ˽ⲻ࣬˵ˣˣ˶ϲ壬ʲôüƽϵģ
գգۣɵĴչӡܸղȷʵʧˣΪҰԻӲǴɡ
ֻҪ׷𣬶Ҳ̫֡Ҳ˸ѣܸ罫ȫȫˣԺʲô¶ˡ
Ϊһūſѣ˳۵ūţеζ֪Ļʱ򶼸ΪʶŸɣΪ̻ū
ͻȻתЩϰߣֻżĹ򣬵׷ʲô
߶˶٣ɫ΢˵ȷʵûʲôüƽϵģֻһūŰˣú㡣
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һڹŮŭվǰͷŮ٣ɫ죬һ޲Ӹһܡ
ǰȻʺ󣬺źܳСܹίԴǵӱûǰǰˡ
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ѹЩûҸ߽˭֪ûյĹλѾ쵽ˡ
ûµˣ̫ͣҲ߿һֱźյĴ̫Զ졣
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ͻȻǰͲô˵ʲôǱԼأⱲҪ취ëǡ
˼̧ͷ㶵ģظԺҪ˵˵𣿡
ⷺžӨĻƣ͸СϣӯЦ
ǣ̣һһ˵ְ                        
лҪ˵֪ΪʲôҵԺиֳһ仰Ρ

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ĵԶֻһ·߶һһĵȫ֪
ǰźĶ˾ֻܹ󻧣˳ͻȻҪѰ˸մµĿӱ㱨ȥ
̫ǽŵùˣһֱĵæµĸɶͼӴ׵棬ЩԵͷǹ۹ģ仰Ҳûڡ
ͷ˭ķͷʢ֪ʹҲֻһӣ˭ͳ˭һС̫༸仰ҵģ
ƫƫ˵ĻλС浱˼ҷ޴޲ɼ
С̫˵գյĿɨ˹һݣæ˵ϣūŻ֪飬ɰĻȻʲôطòףҲ϶³򡣡
üģֽ̧ŵС̫˳ȥҪ½ġ
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˽ĿƵ˽ϣСףྪδ߬ӡ
ǰһģֻѩ                        
лҪ˵ϸױʾҲ˧ô˧ңң
Сöʱ2021QAQ

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ĥİʲôʹûܹҪһСŮټ򵥲                        
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ǰ֪ܵģΪְǱİΣ֮ĽҲڴˣ˽µһˣ˽ⲻࡣ
ƶ񻯣ӦøģΪѰ̫ҽЩΣûС
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ʹĬʱ̫ҽѾһͬĻߵҩͯԾϢ
֮ǵΪ̫ҽԺжҶ֣´ǲǸöĵȥˣ
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ķ˿Ǿͺãл̫ҽ
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һӪϣǳе£˰ˡ

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죬治ľʹ˰;ϡǸܳһΣеڶΣǽ𣬲
££ˡ⣬˷ܵĺ
ϵ˫ۣȴǻϡ뽪ڣ̲סһ
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ͻȻͣյƳһۣջߵʻƫôǵȼˡ
ƫỹûɢղڣȻҲû˸ҶɴʱЩʣȥɣϾ͹ȥ
ŮܾĽղˣƳһܣǣʵͽܣҲʲôö
ȵʸŽ뿪ֻʣˣСһ˵ƶΪҪң
㶣ʹһߣ޳ָ߬˱ӣ֪ôش
ԼıӺ˽ʧ
ܱ֮һжһһ뿪
˵վǰС䣬ܱ˱ۣǱְ⡭
˵һ˵ǲǾҽǸ¶ģ㲻˵ǲǣ
ǣܶȻ̧ͷõС޴Ľ͵ְҡ
Ϊβ˵ʵ֪֪ⶾҪ㻹ʲô˵ңǲҵ
ԽԽ̧żݺݵһ´齣С÷ࣺܣҲҵĻ
¡۵һƬҡ
ߣתߣңˣ                        
лҪ˵ˣҪױٸ߸ߵֺ壬岻ã첻ס
PSٵ칫˾Ӱû֣һո»İ١
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013

ƫУͻȻŹȥʵһӡ
ǹղŻϵɫôѿȻʲô£˵ڳйء
һЩ໥ţͷˮϻн桢߶ֵڣֻһδ˵ϱٴμž
ڳλǹ֮سΪΪֳҲʮָˣƱ˵밢һ𾴸λһ
˵ţ泯ʹһɫʾƣͬٱ
֮ϳԾƣ޼ӣڳλҲģΨжļ
ͻȻϯ̫ӵܹվȶǷǳο˭֪ƫƫ˶һԭõľѻ˲ֵģʵڽ˺䲻
ֻӣ̫ӷǵǳӸǵճռʱɻϻᣬ¹شλ˿÷ɡ
ֻ̾ǵ̫ӵºӵѵܹ
ں󳼶۵׺Ц˵ߣƽ﹦ηأѲʱȥȻѾͷ֪Ƴʲô
ѵǳϡ٣̫֮λ󣬳еĴ󳼿͸ƵģСı˴ˣΪܵˡ
Ҳǵ⣬ԸΪʷֵҲãϰҲգҲԼΨжΨһýʼվмֿǷ
Ӧĸһúû󣬾κ˺
磬ãȻӦöչЩЦӦдæչţľǡ
ͷĵԽˣЩ꽥Ҳ˼׽˸ǰԣͼֵ֮飬ʵǹ
ܴһ򹧾׺ͣŶܡ
ڣҲܷġ濡ʵüο⼸ƺûʵߣ˵Сȥһˣ·Ͽɻãʳڶ࣬һһʵǿϧ
һݣлģҲ˵Ҫȥݣһȥˡ֪ģһϲЩ
ǸСѾͷأôƫϲЩŵЦҡҡͷд˼ֻĸϲŸҪǷˡ
Ӧһ䣬ŪеľƱ׷ʵʳƷ˼һӻá
硭εĿȭִ͵붬ˣ˵⼸θڲá
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ҪһƸ׼
︸ѾΪ⣬Цü䣬ûлء
յɫЩԣͷĹЩҲ˷֣ڵǰҪҪһ
ղͷˣƭİΪջֱִһƣͷˣ˵ˣǽͷһμôƢϸ׾ο
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ܾúǾģԴȥİܲ˵ãǽ̽Ȼˣ
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Ļصƫɫλĵ׷ţ۹۱ǱǹģŬڸС
˭ػϲûҳͲܴ󷽵һЩƣЩؼңͷԵһȺĴ޶뿪˻ʹ
ƫֻʣ½պãߵߵӣĵұҲҪ㰢ʮģֻ·;ңԶֻҪЩӡ
ʣģǰһ׷ʵ֪Ҷ˭
滹ЩҪפǾ˸һҶտžϲС۵Ҳ˼ЦưǸ˵ģҪЩء
Ц˻üɫ̱Ҳˣҿкüûˡ
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ǵȻҲ˷¶Цݣһúдֺͱ㡣
Ӷ˸ˣհ߷˽ϣʵΣ
Ҳǣ䴽˵īĿϰһֺ֣ȥˡ
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ϱ㲻ԾЦСҲܺãʣʲôʱҲѽ
ҪҪһʱ䣬εҡҡͷڼӣǼõĴڣҲϣòᷢı䣬ʱ䲻ˣȥϢɡ
Ƴһ۽СѩдżΣСЩ㣬վѱ˾ͼ˹
СѩŤͣɤ˵СҸ
СףʧЦ̧̤ƫߵŴȴͣ
תԶԶĿžһƬڵյݷ·ǰıͷЩᡣ
֮ϧ֮ϧǻڣöá
ص޵Ľ϶Сѩ۾һƬѩѾʼ׽ˡ
ţżʱЩۣ˵һǧ˰١տڲԵܣӣҪͷ
ͷ˭˶٣С̽ܣ
뷨ӾˡСȭͷһҪ֪³
ûиõˣˡ˵
Уһھָܾܱأôܸߣһ
´һٳˣ룬£ֻһҲʴˡ
ҲУ˭ģܾٻһ
⣺Щ˯ɣ롣
лҪ˵⣺ū
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գ޾Ͳ
棺ʵ˵ҲѣݵĳôãզͲһأ벻ͨ

014

ƫС˷Уϣͦñֱ䵭ޱϣüͷһšһᡣ
ͬסһ𣬿źˣĸûԼĲ£ҲΨ˿öе÷š
ҲȷЩң˵µƢãû˷𣬿ȴƫƫйﷸŭԸ
ԲԸݺݵʰһ٣Ҳùš
һٴλص˰ӪĸоԮԶǱɵ˱źӵһЩͬٲصϻ˸һӡ
ǹһ֮£ϳٴͻذӪָô죿
˽Ը뿪Ը뿪ߣΪһģĻ棬ֻص顣
ߣ粽룬ְڡ
ڣˣǰŭģδֲ̿Σȴ˽ﻹһ˿˿ů⣬ԭ׻ģֻһССģôķﰵ
š֨ѽһƿվſϵѩź߽ҩˡ
ʳϻһѩ򿪺ͷðûİҩ˸ҲǺͣʮˣû˸ҰǵСƾ㣿
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԰ѻƿԴϣһ˿޴ӣڱסЦ˳
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ǰڽ֣ЩܣΪã˴˽⣬ҲֻǾˮ£һ³
ˣһûʲôˡ                        
лҪ˵ŪܣͻȻемɬҮ
ܣţ⣬
Ҳ
ܣҲ

015

һѩͷ⣬ɵǸЩ
Ҳǽǰһܵ鷿˵ֻмׯص鷿ʵһ൱ȫĹ鷿󣬻з޵
˶֮⣬󳼵öҪסΪ˶˵徻ͷĶС̫࣬ûһŮ
ú磬Ҳֻ˺ѾߣҲڣҲ鷿¶棬Ͼкܶ⳼ڡ
ţһʹһ÷硣
Ųʮһ꣬ȴܽ׳Ũüۣʵڲһˣ󲽳ŽȵòȴЩ
־ף־ʣֻּ֪һֵܣھĸǸ磬ĸǵܵܣֵܷ壬Ҳ⣬ǰҲֻ֮Ե
˭ôܵ鷿ˣɲǹŮĵط
־´ǰСѾͷСһĽСһĶʵʵĹסӣֻԼܹ¶
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ʹʱƯСŮˣӵĴ磬־ԴЩ磬һʱ벻ĸСܵ鷿Ҳ±
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˵λСǻϵͷ裬ŲްѳԽԽ˾ϲ
ôһƯСŮЦĶˣֻ֪ȭͷ˵ã֪ɰ˶ٱ˭϶úúš
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۵һߵ꣬ǰЦһΪ㲻أöõȡ
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ܾˣ۵һƬް
̫ҽ̾˿ǣ߶˼ӱͲף˾ᣬŲˡ
䣬ȥѹͷŭԺлżǣ佫ϡȱ¸ָȴڶռɧ¢߳ɵƺ⣬û취ϳ͡
භּɣȴ뾹ðܵ˾ţһȺç
ӦǱˣôͷһзִ磬ղġ
ȵɫĸȲŽˣһ˭֪յĹַ˸ȣ̫ҽԺ̫ҽתַϣԾɷֹ
ԣźĹ˿ֻŰ˭аи
ǵˡ
ҹɫ٣ĲСȣ·ϣѹñ߳ţ谵ҹĻУܿ
վסͷҲ֪㲻̽飬ͷںڰиӡ
ĮȻ޵κ˲ô
֪ѹѹñܣǽҹֵڡ
˵䣬̧Ѹٷתöϸ廨ҹɫһһһܹöҩȴֱֻۣһѸٺľݺݵصڵϡ
۵׻һĨջҧƿš
޵¼ķȷлش֮ЧܷﵽҪԲ֪
ֻҪЧɱǹС                        
лҪ˵ʾܵ˱ǲమСΪʲôҲҪң
ܣ棿


016

кůƻֵͨҹĺ㿿
˵ǰǲºڵģһֻҪûй˯ȣֱڶûкת
͸ϵɴᣣܹĿ˯ĽϸźĽϣֻ¶һžȴ㲵С
һϤĻ˲ܵԺģļЩƺԼĻڽغϣһҲ޷ϡ
ԺͻȻһƬհףϵسʶͼ䣬ԴҲžʹԽҪԽʹ࣬ʲôεؽš
ɫҰףŴŵĺ䣬ȥ룬Ҫν
ķ¼ķһ룬೤ºͣлش֮Ч֮ǰĲȱ治֪˶ٱһ㶣ָԾ߬ȭ
֮ǰ¼ķǲȱ棿һĶôͻȻ֪Щʶȥ룬ȻֻҪЩİĻ棬ԴͿʼҵʹ
תķɴᣴ˽ֺСƯָϸۣȻţܲĻָһƬ
ͷһ˼֣ܱܵΪᾪѣȴȫȻ֪ɻ˯š
ܽ촽ԴԴϵͽڣǵһ£һһȴȻأ·Ρ
ûЩϸ֦ĩڣĵĽ͹ȥƫֲϰ䣬ҲΪ޷һ˲Ӧ
ʱһһεĹȥܵɫ԰ףһһϸܵ亹߳ȴ˿ɣΪϵĽûκηӦ
ĵ׽տʼķã࣬ѾĿգ˾вͨ취
ƺ˷磬еӰҡ˼£ָֻƽܵĿգһиͷԭϥ֧ŵ嶸Ȼ³˫˵ϡ
¡ܵţ۵׻һĨ𣬵ƵΣ֪ΪЩʲôЩ޷ļҲҵķӣʲô
ܱۣٴγͻһ㲢ڵĽʹľ壬֯һһһŻҪݺɡ
ϤĳãϵӰģ㱼䣬ϵӰ˸
ʱѽޱ΢ȴһҪ˵߶ô
һίί˵Ҳعúѽ
󻹴һ˿ǻ
ͷ𣬼ϤĻٴϮѵѵĽڰңǴΨһĹ˭
ȭͷһ˲ŷŨŨɱʵൽΣ·
һĸȣʣԻ˯ֹ˭޷ѡ
㿴ˣҪع
ϵӰ죬ɫ˫ʹȴɹǰҪѹʱ䲻ˣ֮ǰȥ
֮󣬵ȴĽǻ޾ŭ
˰˽޹ᱻѵۿݡܾһԣָ϶ĴڣΪҲֻЩˣվҪˡ
ʱϵĽ˫ۣһܳΣֺ̣ܶȥֻм棬һƬи
˻ůģʮһ˫ֶů⡣
Щڿʣȥк⣬ȴǰһС̫࣬Դһ˲ȵС̫ʱܣʲôʱȥˣ
ϼЦ˲ѣɫͨ죬Ҳһ˵ķɫ
ְ޴Ľ͵ûУǡְ
͵ģڷŮЩҩͣôͼı졣
ͻȻˣӲͷƤ͵Ǳְҩ͵ģ빫𷣡
ƣܺùڻ𷣡ܺȻ֮ǰ˵ĻɫˣƵı˫ۡ
һŮˣܱȶǿˣôܻס
ûͺãСֹһ䣬кģһգգĶ˯ʱǲǸ˵ʲô
ʶĵͷְִ˽޹빫
֪Ϊ˾ҡ䴽庮ֽűȴ˿⣬Ȼܶʲô
̫ҽ˵ķлش֮Чɫƣһǰĺɡ
Щ룬ʵ˵𣿡
ҡͷϣ۵׽Ц⣬գգۣ˵ҹд̿Ǳ룬սٻغϣֻЩˣʵ
ʶĿ˯ĺ㣬˶ֵνͣ
͸ŽСΪ˱ң˴ˡ
鼫ˡ
Ȼأܴ˴̿ͣ˽
ܶڵغˣһҰŪҡ
ԭһֱǷ                        
лҪ˵㲻ǷһֱӢ۰~

017

ŽĿֻ
⣬ҹ޹ѹʵҲ޶֪˱һ˯ĺԴȫȻ֪Ѻ㼱æƮƮĽ½ҹ
̫ҽԺΪҩЧŵڷŻ˶Ȼǰ󼸴õҩܹ࣬Ȭ촹ƽ
ټŮƯСϸ׵ĴȰ֮һţֻ޲ðб鱦ֻСʹһһ
飬̫ҽԺٳʲô⣬ϢĪ˼ȥ鷿ļƻֻҸãҲһ
ǳʲôԭԸټ¸㡣ȻֻģҲ㹻Ż
ǽֻصÿµ״̬ȥǰĵֻ۵µʱ⣬·廨벻֪ô˺üĻϴ·Ͱ͵ĺЩˣֱܵ˻ָĲܹŲµĹ硭
ÿһС¶úþãϵ¸ǳ˵Сܣֻǵðһ룬ͷе䡣
ⲻ֪ĶõϢ˵ָĴӺͳ´󽫾Ĵӱ˼ȴ֪ô˷ͷܣ˺ĺܿҲɱĲһ
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Ǵӣգգۣʵ֮ǰ鷿ֶӾʹһܣĪִȥģ
ּλΪֵܣͨҲ˵ЦӦ
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Ҳ֪еδģΪ֮ƣҪĻѼ֤ݡ
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ʱЩͷ󣬴ײһ𵹲ʲô£־׺ͳ¸ͷײһȷҲǸˡ
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Ƶϸһ𶯵֣ķʲôȺ󣿺ڰûƼٷ˸ȣһӲ
ˣס֣ԽԽײУæȵ־ףס֣
־׵ǿ׳ݵĳ¸㡣ԵøײУ̫أ鲻ճκֹסֽаǿƷֿˡ
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ʹɫްһ˲ָܿʣ˵磬ڻ˯ţ߰ɣ
ҲáӦմܵˣԲʺð
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֮⣬ǣܵôģͬڰӪðʱʹõַȴȻͬΣǿ׼ȼߣһֱڶţ޷ڱ
ͱСûͨˡ˵ַܲһ㡣
ַһŷмֲͬʹʱȴޱΡ
ġ˵

޵ڵĽԴԾһ֪ĦŸɫߣ۵ʢ˾ӨЦ
ܣŴ⺰
Ҳ֪һĶֻҪһָܻо̤ʵ
û棬˴ɫһˣİҪ𴦵Щͬ
£ĿҪɫߣεѵߴǺƳɡ
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ŶĵӦһȻûϣƯˮһգգĶܣܣϲ𣿡
еߣȴֲʹ̫½ˡ
ְܵȸԾӵûУ򴽣ϸü΢΢ϣ˵ְϲ
ϲͺãЦü䣬Ȼϲˡ

лҪ˵ʵң

018

棬
ЩΣȴϰľܲһ㣬µȻƯ־£ȴ򲻸ðʹá
ܵȻûȫָѾܹ磬书Ҳָ˴ǰİ˳ɣֵҹȫû⡣
ԭҪһʱգȴҪֵ
Ѿһﹻˡ
ҹʱ֣ҹɫ£ǰλεһƬɧۣ̲סѵ㵹ǲֵСģ㡭ĪҪ˵˰ӡ
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λһ¶ڰ˵
ƮƮϣ֦Ҷֻһα㣬һ磬ʵ߿ۡ
ƵȷϣȫʱʵȻһ¥
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Щ㶣һʱزһţ
ܸ˸棬ָⴥһƬȴøⰲġ
µõġ
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ЩһҶ磬ǸСȥˣһˣ֮Ĺϵ׽
֪ôĵмֲ
.
УŸƽֶš
ǵϵ׵ܵܣͨܣһٷҪ԰ƼǰޱȡĸۡгһȺʦŮÿյĸ趼
ʵҲ޼ö˿߰˸̬ӯò޵ŮӦ裬òңڡ
ȴĹͣһӵļ˿ûθڡ
ûθڣĵľƱÿϾüдһ˿ᣬϵȴû˸Һԡ
΢΢ףӦûˡ
޷ֶЩС£͸Ʊ̧˳·ˣƵ˵˵ˣߣпв
⻰ýһ٣綼ѵˣҪ˵Ҳ޶٣ֻͽˣ뵽»һЩ
־׸¸ǰ˲ѾãȴҲûΪ̫Ӻͻ棬ôͻȻʹ
иʵ̬ȣƺ׽¸ָ
Ǳˣþòԣ˵ĳ֣ǹ֮޶ҡĿܣߣԣǵܵܣǶӡ
۵׷һ˿ԵͷƺҪԼ
׽ѪֵܣƫƫȴڻҡףǴ粻ɵãģԱ֮
СʵãЦһת˵ãǶ޼Сֻɰõĳ谮һЩҲ֮顣
ٿȻȭͷ۵׻һĨΪһͬŸڸеĵλ
ɿɰϻۣ·˳ŵģҲϲÿοʴãлǻЩѹ
ʧȥĸ۰ˣֹһΪθǿ
ЦĲ֣ߣܶණҪУ
˵ˣڵҵв޲ֻЩźˣôȻĵҡ
üϻһĨ£Цⲻ䣬֣н
˵Ҫʲô嶼Ը㡣Ц˵
ԭأЩ֪룬ʮ꣬ϲ״ͰеģҲûУʵף˺ǲ
ҡҡͷϧֻײ빬ײЩ
Ѿܺˣл壡湧񣬡Сֶлˡ
۵׺ЦȷǷ˼ԣǧҪźá
.
ĵĥ˺þãýɿڣŷŷ硣
Сϵ׽޲ףȴЩС޶ȣ֣ƢҲмֹŹֿ֣ǧˡ
ϺĺƤֲ㣬ϼһ̺ӣȵý߳һ㺹
ƿ⿴һۣһܿӳĴϲԾȾϼЦĿ⻮Ȭ˫ȣھµϣģÿ
˵棿ȻǼÿġ
ܶ˺죬µĴ΢΢
Ҫһξ룬֪뵽ʲôĿ䵽ܵϣ֣߽СʵܣҪҪ
סˣ˵ȡСЩûġ
ѹ֮Ե׽һ˻㱣š
̧ͷںڵˮԡ
εºܣù˺                        
лҪ˵

019

УƶϵŮһӣûΥ
һȴԥˣȴȻܽץסѱ
һԣӵĳݣȻǺȼܳŵĹŮҲٸͬˣ
򲻸ȥġ
ƺҲ뵽һ㣬ͷ˵ժˣȥǰϳڶ࣬ҪЩ
ٿȣԭǲܸȥģֻǺСڰӪǻûȥ档
ǣְСժ棬̽˻ԳĹҵһ飬ĵԽݡ
˼ķӣĻʳǸǰһݡ
û书ӦʵĽˣܱͷ
ǵúúòˡ
ߣĦŲЩ㱣ĲˮЩ˳
˶٣ͻȻʵ⣬жûĸˣ
ǵúļ˾ھǽ¡
¡عæ²յɫ׵¹򣬡ū澸
µģոպпգȥǣ͵㶫Ҳ޷˵ǰ˺⣬װʬǶա
ĸѾߣѶʮ壬ԭ÷ųȥֻ׵Ľ벻չˣһֱ
¡ۿ΢죬ݹһӣô꣬չˣĸ֪
ʱҲ룬ĸڣΡ
ĸһľÿϾһ㸸ţҲסĵ̨۷
ĸû̫ãļ涼ģˡ
ܣǾǵôſСϣдһ˿档
û̸
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̤밵ӪĹȫգֻʣһƬհס
ͻȻһ㶣ָ۽ϵľƣͷƵӦһ
ԭǹ¶ǰ֮޼ҿɹ顣
ûϵģ˵Ժ㶼ס
ĹѾڳﱸˣһСԺҲʲô¡
šսеޣ᲻š
һֱһֱ
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еúȣ˴֣Ѿ֣۾æƿơ
ԽǰԽǷָСĿۻңȴ˷ܲѡ
ܾûˡ
ԶˣȥĵĴѩ׵Ĵڽϴ߼侪һ磬һֻ˼ľ顣
Ƭʧ񣬴ԽԽԶŻعѸ׷ȥ
һĻ¥ƵǡɿС
¸ҹʮ壬ƲأȴҲɫ԰ףʱ޷䡣
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ܵۿŲµʱ䣬Ȼˣҽڣ˫Ҳָܻ
ͷ΢ǰøֳ񡭡Ȼ򵥣
¸˳Žߵ߿ȥɬȴʧϣܾƺм졣
ߣڿʲô¸ʵ
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˵¸㡺ܿ˼۾һգզĶ档
ɳȥֶǺܿӽܣͻȻ֮䲦ȥ
Ķ㿪һ˳ĳһɣһϱùλá
Ⱥɧŵɢߵ̫죬Χ޶ˡ
˼õĳʱڽǰںڵˮУƣۡ
ʶӣֺܿݵӰεĵǰв֪ŷǿ˺ݺݵ
ʱ߰˸ŹӴķὣɱĿ
ϸüһƬתĽǰ۾ּ䣬תö΢ɲ廨Ѵָ
ٴսһֻж˵ĺ˵š
ˮһһʽûаԥ
Ͻ׹ص죬ΧĽʧֻһƬž
½ǵֻɿд󰲣żһ˿˿
İȻǼãġ
̽ͷȥΧΣһԴ˲Сϣڡ
𿴣ࡣ                        

020

ϻ£ɿĴڽСϣԵޱȻ
ܺ浽һÿ͵͵ƿ棬޳ָͻᰴ˷ΣԱҲˡ
ѪζϺʬ壬ʼѾʧȴûȥ׷ϡ
ȷǲһʵ࣬װҲͬǼˣȴֲǺǵ书Զ
ҴҸ˲סˣŵĿܣղԶԶ£˭֪մ˸ѡˣ
Ŷ೤ʱ䣬˵ǰյĹķ֮һӶ
κ֪϶࿴ۣͷɨһΧʬ壬ġÿһɴ䣬ԥһʮ꣬ǾþɳϽҪǿһЩ
֪У׵û͡
ǵʲôˣ
ʱպ׷ȫŵðɫҰޱȣĿڽϣзֺ
ʮҵҲֻһκ֪˼ţǰ񣺡ְǱ˾֪κ֪ϣȼ٣ùܾˡ
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ǰκ֪й֮ԵĸκǱ˾ָʹ븸ʹϵ׽Ǹе֮ˡ̸κҴӸʱڱִƱ˾ͨɷͳ
üۼȾһЦԭκ֪£·ͻȻ־˰գκ֪»Щ´Ϊá
ģְѷźţ˾˺ܿ͵κ֪ϹӦ£еЩȣ˵С飬˴ܱܶųȣɱ¾Ϣд棬ȴɫ䣬̸ֹ󷽣аֽ̬֮
׵˵öԣĴԹʮоż٣Ųá
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þ˽Թ֮ҲʵΡ
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ҲǸԼİˣ뷨Ӱ
ͬʱ¥еĽɫȻˡ
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ȵڶ˳ȥߵԴѾˡ
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ŽĵӻôСƼܶᱻųɸȣʲô֪Ķ
ڽͣһȭȥŭ֪С
¸㡵°ͱػԴһ˲Ŀհף߾Ȼ֣°ͲŵĿߣߣ
ȭͷһһٵá
ã¸ҧ˺صܽ÷裬죬ɫֲǣߣҲǶõˣһжڰ㣡
Ķ̧һָͷ䵭ĮȻǷˣ
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˫֣ԺлصСĻһһ顭
̫ӣ֮СƫҲ֮顭
ߡҪС嶼㡭
Ƕ˶˰ҲС
ߣƫһЩ

һһظһһǿѾ桭
лһĨã
վڽͷͻȻʹĻ
ԺҲһֱ۰𡭡
Щ̧ۣ֣סա
.
ǰ
ȹԵһ㶣Ƶȥ²ٿȻջ˫֡
ȫ̻͵κ֪̲סֿۣô֪߾һ꣬츳ڣոǿȴмɵ
ɱַǰ䣬Ҳ֪˶ٻأô
κ֪ҲСϰ䣬κ츳Ҳ׽СëƼһС츳ߵţ˵ģٲмĽ
ȥ֣ץҹд
κ֪£ҵÿ𣿡
κ֪ʶӦͦġǣְǡ
ĶӣСһ壬̧ͷܣһ㡣
΢΢ǰܹˣֽ̧ϡ                        
лҪ˵ҵ˱ˣ

021

ܴĽӶ£ɫҲ侫
ˮȣŽѰٳȻǳҲٵͣﲢϤ
ԼĪƬ̹СƵŲüۼŴȰЦ
ôпյЦ˵Ҳϡˡ
ˣһƬǽ壬ֵӶ׽
ͬܳĽߡ
æһ塱Ǳڵ˵Ŀ
ЦЦڹ㲻µӣҲ֪λǷ˶˼;
ģ˳ȥֿɻܷ
һլӵĺԺǻ˵ġ
ˣĪ͵ܳģĻͷһ״Ц˵ĿʱϣȻֺܿƿĵһ衣
ûĴ˵ЦҲ˲٣御ȥҿǸ˵ģ״ҲֻǶѿˡ
ŶЦ𪵽͸ָߵӣСѾͷڹкóԵĺģôź򣬾ôûйôΣա
ҲŲأ䴽üۼЦ⣬ڣᱣҵģͷίҲұ𡣡
۵Цⲻ˵ҲˣҪͷ۸Һ͸Ҳ۸
ѽЦ΢ָͣܿ糣ҡҡͷֶҪ軵ˣȻͷ빬嶨ҪĻת
СѾͷƺʲôطһˣӺҲûôովʹĻ˼вζ
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۵޹СϵЦΪֿ
һֱôϲϵĻ壬εҶ磬Ҫǿʲô⡣
һֻŮδã˵Զж¶֮飬ôš
壬أգգۣһɵʵڿ˰죬ûƼڸ𣿡
ѽϵЦԽŨ۵ȻһĨĵ߳ȥˣҲ֪Ҫˡ
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һ㶣ĴܶڶϰĴ֣ǰಡİĴȷʵܶˡ
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ǶҪסˣ峺ˮЦ⣬ǺŪңҿҪߴֵġ
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ʵ̹ף¸㡲ʲôˣϣԶЩִཻҲòСš
Ҳϲ¸㡣ܲܲҪ̫׽ֱֱ۾ϣõԸĴ𸴡
û뵽˵ֱף㶣ʵΪʲôϲ
ǲϲûɣЩίǾðȡ𣿡
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Ļʹ˭Լ˭в
ȥ벻ףһʱҲ˯ţԷ
ܡŴӺһ
ܼ̱Ӧˣְڡ
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˯ţ˵˵ɡһЩɢ
һԳ֣Ȼ˯Ҳ۵ΣΪܣԷЩ
ܺԥӦ£ǡ
ȻǼžĳĬıιڴǰ˸תںҹи̶
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еļ䣬ûзһ˿ѭ׼򣬸οǹӪЩܲ˵
ܣûĻ𣿡װİС
¡ܽŵʿˮƵͣ£ӲͷƤְְ֪˵ʲô빫ˡ
ЩɥЩȺѹ
ҪʱȴΪССҪ޷㡣
ꡱһЦˣɻϣ𣿡
еЦŵ£æӦѧһЩ
ӪаͳһڿΣֻ򵥵ʶд֣ѮһΣȴôӡ
΢΢۵׻һĨȻΪгһܹսɳ˽ѧ˺ܶȴҲòˡһĦż˫ȣ޵ĵ԰
úûȥ˭ֹ
ѧһκˡҲֻЩûʵжȷмֻ
룬һһ۵ߣ֮£֮ء
ƣЩɬԼеأȴͻȻͣסˡ
ķЩԼƺߣһϵĽʵܣ
֮˶٣ͻȻȫƵģ֮Σ
ķͣˣůڣŻɬӱ
˯ǰ⣬Ҫ顣
лҪ˵С硶ʫ硷ҲɣҪʫ

022

ĵģյڵҹɫҡҷ˺ĵİ˽ͤ
ͤһӰֶ͸ĲԹճǺεȵľɫȻֻһӡ
үһڵӰѸٱƽϥͤУ̬ޱȵĹˡ
ĵĹеްսȻͬı䣺ˣ
ǣˣҹµ˵ֺʵǿʮغϱѽҲȷǰӪķӦɡ
ӦЦһ۵׻һĨְұߵڴ鵭ĮҪ׼ȷ𰸡
Ӷ˶٣ͷѱܡ
ȷʵܣһС¶첻á
ӰӪˣֱֱƾһȫȻ޷ȷֳܱȴòɵ
ڹ˲£˫ȱȬ˼ľҲָ߰˰ˣӵ͵ʮǰҲһ
ܿϧϽķ
ү޵ȷһӣȴ𺣣ʬҲܶԵϡ˴Ӧ
Ȼ֪Щ£ճɽڵʬǶһģòѱ棬˭Ҳȷ˾˭ڤڤһֱȷ©
©Ǹӱ£˰Ӫĺøǲ֪ʲô
ӪǡһƬ⡣
˳ĬԣӪʵеλڻʹ׵İūʼʮϴԣҳڻңҪӼѡ
ܹӣҲѱܹŹĿˣϢ
̧֣˵ȥɣ׷飬ҪŹκ˿
ǣ¸ˡתѸʧҹɫУ·δֹ
ЦһĵĸŪͤеҡ
ҹɫԽԽԶ
.
һ˯ṳ́ʵʱѾˡ
˯ÿɺãūɫءźϴһ߰췢һЦ˵ҹ﹫죿
죿һ٣ɻʲô죬ô˸٣žڸС
С֣ҹﴫҲΪ棬δϡ
˭ϺЦЦҡͷ˵أҹץסһ˵˾˶궼ûס°ͷء
ÿüͷ΢΢𣬿Ȼиô
һ·ϵĸڱеĿҲ٣ϾСǴΨһү
֮⣬Ҳס翵ҲԲг£򸸻ʶ׷
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ģС̫ΧһӴתʵʵҲˣһһϣԵøǱ
ǽŲ񰡡һСֹ̫ĸ첲ӻһͰ͵ĸʾ˵ƣôһģһ
˵·ôĸСƵģޣС̫һĭµϣӷŭĵɴ۾žҪκ˫ѱסʹ޷ѡ
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ʵ㻰ء׺ݣҪǰȴЦһȭš
ʱܻ·߹ͫ΢ʶŲţһĿŵһ£̵˵˵
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ȲȻһڴʵ˾Ҫ֪˭ץסģ
в²⣬˳ȴֱֱϣзŹ⡣
˵˵׼ܰæץסһյϢ꣬۾Ƶܡ
һ϶Ե
ץסģ˶٣ʵκ֪£ô֪⽭
Ŷˣһ˰ǹԸ𣿡κ֪Ц˵ţתЦеĿ¶λСֵܰæˣǰɣǶǱ˾֪κ֪ϡ
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µüСϹǳǳЦݣΣգκ֪£ʲôǱ޷أ
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ʹǽôڵģһʱϰˡ
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ܣͷ˼Ķʵκ֪³úÿ𣿡
Դе£˼Ƭ̣κ֪ƽƽʵҡҡͷ˳ᶨĲһ󡣡
𣿡룬ҲüĿ㣬ֻûʲôʶȰˣ㲻ϳ󡣡
üͷᶨǳ󣡡
εЭգգۣЦðɣ˵öԣȷʵܳ󡣡
дų磬ںСƵģܵڵһºˣ֫ŵЩӲ֣ĿİͰ͵ǡ
۵Ц⣬ͬͬżΪĲ̲סЦ
ſһͺ߳ʼڴԺˡ
һ
ùţųţźóһ顣
̶һһҹĹ򣬱С̿ԼһòСļ֣ûڿסҲ˸һţ乻˱ֱӻع
ҲĴ󣬾ǵĴСﶼǱ˾ˣοͰпʮţв۵Ҳֻ·һ
Сģɬԣܲζ
ϵЦЩǿȴ˵ţû˸˺ġ
ҲҪСģֻһΪӣӦöСĲǣպٳһҪ
ţġӦ
˱߱˵;ֵмϴʵĶһ̶ޣŻǸӡ
һ磬ǹȥ                        
лҪ˵ܣ˵ұÿQAQ

023

мһξ룬ȴҲƫƧʵĶ洫Զ׼һ˽ӡ
˽ǰСģһСкȭߣСкڵϣͼǵĹȴζ㲻
ǺԾֻһ£ЬŶ¶÷϶͵Ľֺ
ס֣۵׻һỊ̃üͷݺݵǷſ
Сͣһ˲һ˺ƺƵŻƯʱŵ֣߹ȥҪСкȴһ
Ķᣬȴ൱ЧֻһվСкƾɵĵ±ԵԽխС¶طڵĽ
һС˽ŵʿˮʲôÑ͵ӵĿΣһѾǱˣ
ԣǼҷӿŹҪټүģǱһСҲ˵
УԼүѾǶˣȽһҲ⾩ͦЩʱҲԲ˵
ЦһѹͷĻʵŹĪǾ˵ģ
͵ϿΣһͭ嶼òǸ٣үҲ֣С˼ûзŭҲԽˡ
΢䣬ŽʻĲ¶ŵɫҰף˫һ˵ϡ
ߴСкջɫʮѿ֪ռ࣬˽Կ飬ȴ֪˶ӵ鷢
ƢһܺãҲ˻˵ûÑˣαҪȭӣأ
ްһˣԲҩֻжһ³
һֱڽУ񣬽жȣ㲻ˣҲʹɱ֣ɰǰʵȴȫ֪
ΪǣΪʵİЩʲô
ȡһ·Скϣͷ̣һƬף۾ˣ㼱æȾ˷纮ԶЩ
ȥҽݡ˶٣ĿһɨڲԶһƬյϣС˵ǼҷӣպһԺԹؤ˽Կ顣
ƵĶǣ˵ҽ֮꣬Ĳȡ
ͷĶͻȻͣˣͷ׵ķ߳ŲƵĽ뽪ߣ߹˫Щʵλ󡢹ˣ֪
û뵽ͷķ;ˣе
򴽣дЩʧ䣺磬ߡ
һתȥŽʣ˶٣ݺһڵϻһ
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첽ȥԺȴĸֳһϤĻ棬ûбʼȥ±ȸղŵСкǿ˶١
Ҳڽͷ֣ʹؤŹʳЩ˰
СкܹĸƣҲǴܰյĸ
ܵͷؿڴ֪ôͻȻƵЩܡ
ԭֻôеĿ˶һ
ֻ֮һ
ҽУϸĵ˲飬һӣдչܴδ˭й
й˫ȲзϵʱҲĹչŭԲ
ȥ˲ٿȻȭͷͷǱ˶һʯͷѹ
ֻƣͣľһЩپһЩ
ֻǾһЩҪôĿˡ˽ܱӵҪůռ
ܵͷԺдһʹʲôڳƽӼ
ľǡ꽫Ůİ뽿ߡܵ񽥽㱣߬ŽʵָŰףǸŮ
š
Сؤ飬һͷƳվſڳ񣬱ǰʵʲôأ
һҵıܿѸҡͷϣûʲô
ǡʱŵ߽ЦЦ˵ˣİɣʲô綼㡣
ţл硣С¶Цݣһҡҡͷ߰ɣҸղ˵ǰŻۣ۸ߵãȥ
ĹŻδΪ棬ҽг۸ߵãҲһƷˣĽЩסϢ
Ȼ£䴽ðǾȥ
߳һΣܻſڣɻܣôˣõǺӣչ˵ġ
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ҵӣ治ĵĶݣձڶ飬дնţҷݷֺǻòˡ
ȥ˳ӡ֬ӡһδߵУĹǱСˡ
֪Ľе壬Ц˵ʲô𣿶һЩȥ´γ˵Ҫܾá
⣬æҡҡͷֿܣһģǰ۵׻˻Ρ
͵ػع񣬵ͷںƯˮֻҵıܿ
֣ûϢ𣿡üͷ΢΢ֵ֪ڣץһûôۣ룬˵ȻȻȥϢҵӣǲ᲻׼빬ġ
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Ǻðɣ˵ʲôĶ𣿵ȻǿɾҪȥˡ
򴽣ûУְһжá
ֻҪߣá
û𣿡ͷ˶˵ת˽ߣ磬ǽȥɡ
ߺЦӦá
ûĸҹ㣬
Զһʺ죬űǺ«۵¶Цס˵ϲҪ
Ķ飬ͳһöӣȫҪˡ
Щҡ
һְһݵǰգգۣ˵ģԡ
ʶĽӹֽͻȻЩңûֶ
ôԣߴٵѧģҧһɽ髣ζζȫδй顣
𣿡
ܵ˵ͷ˵Լţˡ
۾ʣµıǺ«ϻһЩգĵԽۿɰ
Լӿһůһ㽽ȫɢĺ⡣
ͷ΢΢š
ãܲ
ûô󣬽ֻ˺ܽȥĹŮ̫һǺ«ŴСվڽͷܰյעĿ
ʣµıǺ«ͦء
ǹʹ͵ģ
˺ܶˣߺܻżĄֻ̇м֮ң
̨ΧվһȦ׳Ŀ׺˲ҿ
ʱڳ۵һ͸ģȥЩ֮󣬱ԵԽ
Χ˷ܵĺһһ߼ۣȴȱȱһףĸġ
һŸߣǧһڳƷǹŻ̨ϵӻչ¶ݡ
ֻУǰĵҲ˵ָƣܹһ۱ϳǰһȴһλ֮֡
һλŮӣӵоգȴж磬ñʷֲƽīٲʣһ⾳
̨ϵӵǧ
һǧҲ󣬽ۣһ𣺡һ
ݣܶȻеĽʣᶶɲǼ亮է¶бڲҪ
۵Ũҵɱ⣬ָڱƵ÷ףƴĿŲǰ
ԭˣ                        
лҪ˵VڴܼλСɰ~кѼ
ԤѼ~ղؾˣ
ԤһĿ⣬Ϲ
ȴ⡷
δξˣҶͷûȻ
ۻصʱҶҴææȥıסСδװͰ͵׼ȥ
ӣٱңǾҪˡ
Ҷգգۡ
ӣ뵱״Ԫˣ
ҶQAQ룡ҳģ
һô⣬һ״Ԫ
÷1V1 
˱ִˡİ
ϵͳѡΪ߽٣ҪԹ¿Сٰ۳衣
ڱ󣬳ƨˡ
Ȼû죬ϵͳBUGһŰ˻˳ж˻س̡
֣BUGСڻˡ
-
Ľһûõͯϱ³޵īسɹ桭ȢŮӡ
ֱ󣬽׷ˣ
󣬽ֻСϱúùӣκһֻ·˵Ĵȡ
ǣˣȸ޶ˣ
ҰسֻҪʺ˫ȷ۵
پϹ

024

ڳ¸㡵Ĳ, Ȼֻ¶һغ⣬ȴҪ
վԭ, ̬Ŀ, ϵЦޣǺ⣿챦, Ե˽Կɵ֪, ĪͻȻ˹أ
ֻһ˲䣬̨ϵδüӦ, عһΧ׳ڵΧȥ
㾩, δ˸£ͬҲû֪ǱĴ, һȨ
׳ǿǵⲻ, ΢΢̧Ƴڳ¸㡲ϵǰѽ۵ӹһĨݵЦ⡣
ܹǶ⡣
, ѽպ, ŵ˰ա˵һҲܵû, Ƶתȥ
ܱĿ˿û, ڽϵָڷףɴ˽¸㡣һжзĻᣬͬ, 鷳
¼ƿرȨ꣬ϵ۸ӣǣѵ۶ײ֣һʵȨĹ
ԺгֵĻԽԽ࣬ԽԽһײغϣܲò˼ǵһΣʵ顣
¶һĳɵ˽ʣһƬȻվڽࡣ
硣֣СĳŽߵ½ǣƯǷʵϧ
ԸŶ֣ȴԸ¸һйص˻²òӱСģ仰˵Ըǰ֣ʶ˲壬ĴҲԸ֪׽ԹۣƲ
̧ͷ¶һЦֻҪϲģ綼
ĮȻ
¸ϵЦݶʱסˣ˲䲻ıֱӲ¸ոսڲϣ֮䶼ûš
ЩˣߵҪʲô
˵Ĺϵһֱ鷿뽪ߵԽԽ࣬δֻǼ¡
˵̽һֱ֣ӽɱˣҲήڳ¼ң𷣽ߣЩ˽ҲֻЩûκʵ
οֻһµСδ棡
߶¹ڻȫõ½⣬¸û뵽Ѿ˼ܹȴûпһۡ
빫Ǻ£¸ס۵׵ĲЦߵԣŹϻۣõ֪࣬ΪΣ
¸òȴҲ㲻ϿԴӢȴǸһƭԣ˾ܿɿ
ͷƳһֱۣ׳ʵ˭Ҳʶ㡣
Ưһ˫ںڵˮγָɾɫ޹Ȼ䲢Ҳ˿᲻
۵˲ͣһżҲ԰Щ£˾ǳ¸㡡
ͻȻӿᶨĵǰһ뽪ЩεĽ࣬סΧͶĸĿ⡣
ֻһǾþдţǰѵһէȻµĳν档
¸㡱ڷӣͷŭּû˿ݣŻ˵Ҹڳδ󽫾һְ
һͷӦˣĿڹŻϣܾмϤʱѳκ
һֻԣȻң۸Ҳ㹻߰ΪӣóҲֻЩͻǹ֮͢ٹҲܳۡ
Žģ۵׻һ˿ڵΣΪҲֻЩ

¸㡵ͻȻĿĶŽߣڿµ˫ȭӣڴнҲ˷ܡ
ܻῴ˰ɣѾǽóļ£һδĻӣиࡣ
ֻҪڣҲãֻҲգ¸㡶˫ַϡ
еĳδĻƣѡһϡ

¸ķ۵ӿŭֻΪһֻΪһνãԸ㾡ΪʲôǲףһжΪ
£дӲûеѺһ˵û㹻ײ¸ȭͷȴЦԽͣ㡴˾ٵöº͹ˡ
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ⷬϳֿҲЦݣ˭һľӣУȴʮġ
ӡʶĺɰֻһϴνʹ͡
еʧ䣬̧еĻֻһסˡ
СʱǸײ˵ĶҲ¼ĸӦ¸һȥ΢΢üһԥڽϵＸ
ŮܸǴ˴ܻң˭ܴ
أˣԥһ˲ֵ̧˳ȥȡӡ
磬ˡպãһĨǳЦ̵ק壬˵ʽ彻ұܣ֪ƹΪöֵΣ
ڳ˼ȫסˣվ̨ϵӸŵͷ亹ɫҰס
ӵ֤ݣλ˭Ѳȥ£еֵΡ˭ָԹۣǿɴŻϣϵĻȨ
˵ЦˣӲȥͷ亹ЦЩǿˣ޼֮˲ɹ
ĪҪ֣üͷȻ԰ʮֳ谮ȴҲǸ߸ϲַĵܹĦ
գգ۾Цеġ
´ΪأЦȥ¸㡶ʱһ㶣ʶȻ޼֮Żϡ
֪ҹȻıسκ͹Ļ񣿡۵ӹһĨɫֲǷϤȷǼλŮӡ
֮ǰŰУΪ׵ıǴһλżκͣŮװɲһһĲѹ꣬뽥ûʷУȥ׷¼ֻдܻһż
ԩ£⡭⡭ʵԩһ֪ӽıһ̣ȻȨɰҲҽƱ硣
ͳ꣬͵̫ƽʢǰѽɸɾȴʼһɡ
¸һʵԣˡ㡲ҹͬκȥ꣬òνѲ֪
ɱѵ˵ʷƣͼеģ˵СӡǴҵĹ壬κ֡͡
һԽ׳ǰĦ·Сӡ̲ס̾ɲǣ˵öԣȷǴҵĹ壬ѺټˣȻ֪
û˵ǹϻۣƵ࣬鰡
ǰҲ̫˰ɣⶫҲ
Ŷϸۣ¸۵׻һĨ𾪣˵ľȫģôܣ
ǽӸտʼͽ˳ΪҪȵڲ˵ǡĿⶸȻתܣ۵һƬ
ֻ˵
νѲ⣬ʵЩòأǰȻд棬ҲˣֻҪмʱҲ
һ߳Уȵ棬߲ſعھȣôᡭ
ңЦü䣬ͷԽԽ⣬ܽҵĴ󹦳ҿҪúʹ͡
Ʊ̫һϲ߱Ҳˡ˼ڤһԴһӣҪʲôҶ㡣
۵һƬͣͷ΢΢һǳòǳЦݣܰﵽͺá
ɴ˫ۣŵĿܣۻȻЦˣЦرÿ̲סһ
ȸţȻͷһ͡˽С֣ͷһһǲǸһ
߿ֻЦûа׷˼Դֹסʹ
һӰӪİūô˽ֻ֪ǰɵþ˿                        
лҪ˵շݰܰҵӣ㻨
ڶʱ䣬˯ѽ~

025

Ĵ, վ࣬ͷ, СЦݡ
ԽԽ, ǰ׽Ķ, ֻһ, ֵðЦ
οܴɷѵݸ, ˵ǴӰӪİūȴϳǰŻжȻй֮
˼, ûнģһǾˡ
ߵüͷԽԽ, ̲סǰ, ѰԼߣʵô֪Щ
磿һ㶣е׷ʲô
һ¶, һ, ̧ܶӣǳ԰Ӫл˽Щ, ֪ǰ㵽ʲôݣ
һ, ʶĿܣȷʵûΪʲô֪ЩҲûɹĻǼ٣·ʶľ, Զƭ
ʲôʱˣ۵һ˿ãȻ
˵㵽ʲôˣߵԽλҲȫŷΧĹȫͷȥΨ޶ԡ
ȷûһ˿㽪ǴΪĻӡ
ĿĿڲ̫೾һ˵ǵԱȫʡ
磬˳ߵӣСʲôǻȥ˵ǲẦҵģ֪
һƳܣ㲻˵Ҳа취ף
Ӽܵĵһ𣬽߾ͼסһӿԺУδˣӴӪôᱻ˼Ǻޣ
ַϴܣòǼ֣˭֪ʲôݣִĿȫȻȴܡ
ʹ˵ءʦɹ֤ְҲʦԲʶá
ǰӪĽͷ񷱶һܣֻлһܹʣǳܱ˱ۣһ˿һĿܣðա
ðʣðձ
ܵɫԽӣ˵һлȥû뵽ȴڴˡ
ȼ䣬ȴѽҪ̽Ѱ˵ٵضûУĿĶĻоŷֲţһֻɡ
޿ְܲӪ񣬾޷˵ĻǼ١
ؽͷ𣿡ȴˣü˵ؽͷм٣ֻܣҪϰ䣬ѧЩˣ㻹Ҫμӽء
ҪӽжΪףҷϣȻͷһҪ÷Ӱ
ʱ䲻ˣ磬ǻȥɣʵ
ƽһΪͷǰﲻף㳶һˣ治챻ˣ
ܵ书һЩͰˣڽϵ̽Ǳ򵥣츳ˣɲ⡣
һκһ˿ķģȫȻûа취ֿ
ϣ˵ľʵ򡪡߾Ŀһۣ漴ٶԣƾǣǰȥ
ʱɧң¸㡿첽ʶĵǰԽֹ֣Ŀ¸ȴδͣ£ʼǰбһٴνס¶İسˡ
¸Цһ
ܵǰ˿ʵǰ¸ҪŲʹ޷ƶֺ
¸ĵװҧǰһײһȴʱŲƤⶼδ˼
ݶھƿأʵɲ⡭ʮͣôܣ
¾ܽ˵𣿡¸ɫ֪࣬ʱöԽǨŭߵΪʵĵ׷˵ǡ
һ˵ȴʮָӲϵԽ÷Խ⣬Ǵ¶˾ġ
ҹ̵ܽĲ𣿡µԹţûֹܵ˼¸۵ӹһĨŭˣʹ£Ҳǹ̵ܽĺ𣿡
ֱ׳Ҫ˵˭ˣ´ڵ߹ҵҲοзִ磬δ˵ֺǳ´Żææײк£
ûеõʵӦ֮ǰ¸㡷ĿƣǾ͹ֲˡ
𣿡¸ЦһĿֱֱڽϣƺҪ͸Ҳģ
ʹ˫ָڱĵң¹к£
˵ʱɱʣȴҲûһ㡣¸۵ŭӿ̣˼ɵͥڣֻ˵ն´빬֪˭ң
۵ûһ˿ռ֣֪ܳڹŵ¾򵥡
ˣ˵Ҳ塣
¸˫ȭ˲·ƣǰƽһƣʹҺ־භ㱻ѵ⣡
óĻ֮±ֱʣŽһ⣬νֻһ鹹ļˡ
֪£޶ۣһԵɡ¸㡿ûаá
ԵɣЦЦĿܣһ٣˵´Ӵ˻ʵ֤տڰݣͼĹϵֻһ¡
˰ƣѵ´һԼûУй࣬´Ѳǵһ빬ҹʲô³Ҳ֪
ЦԽŨ㣬תʵȻ֪´Ϊγ֣ӻȨôԭ´оġ
㣡¸㡱µð仰˵ڣӲ֪ݣƱ磬޲ֱӿһ췴ñӸپȥֲֺô
ˣ¸Ѹ侲ŭ⽥Ŀڽͣһ˲˵ˣǸ³çδʵްֲ
вʣȴٶ˵£ǿбⷴýС
ɰվһ࣬üͣ¸Ŀһۣ£㡻£иǡ
ԶüͷԴǵĿߡ
磬Ҿǹⲻ㣬ҧҧͷ˵ֻǲû뵽ȴ㱻ѵ⣬Բ硭
ҡҡͷ˵ⲻĴ㲻صǸ
ǰһϥأ˵ûȴţ˿֪ұǡ
ܿ⽪ߣȻĵٲϲȴҲԸΪѡ
סڣȵС÷ףֲǲǣ
ϲܣֻ񣬿˽ȴ𷣡
ˣһжΪҪҲֻ
Σܵͷ˵ǶԽƢµʶ˭˵ûƢһɷİ仰ųҲһʵʵ͡
ˣȥ¾ͲҪˣ̾ǰ𷣵ĻҪ𷣣Ǵɡ
֪Ķ磬Сȭͷڵĵһۣȥٺúʰ㣡
˵Ļʱˡ                        
лҪ˵һֻؼʰСϱļӸ
ps۸QAQ
һޣ㷢ôô

026

ɫ, һҲ̤˻ع·
δеһ룬һ㱼ӿ, ͣڼǰ
ͷ, Ĺڳǰ΢֮ǰ͹»ع, λƼݡ
ʣһ, ȴδ̫ȣǱͲ, Ǳ˾ҹѲߣʶԾ﷢Ȼָơ
οڽϱɱ, ֱײκ֪ϵУҲض֪ˡ
Ҳ, Ц, 䴽磬˵Ȼȥ֮, ᲻, ǿͷء
Ц۵ȴӿһ˿˵, ʱǶǴһ֮, û뵽յһ֮ǣĲ
֪һУ𣿽߲롣
гһ, 㷢ֶ粢ã߶˶٣۵׻һĨԳЩ˺£ԭ¶𣿡
û̧ͷ½۵׵ΣֻԼ۵׵ʧһø硣
ôͻȻôʣͷ˿ϵ棬룬˵أгһ˶Բ£ԭ°𣿡
һЦŵͷӦġ
Ǿˣ磬ҲԭģۣϹǳЦԸŶ硣
϶ԥΣнսģ׻һĨȻ
δκȫΣʡ֡С塢¸㡡׽̲˳ж·ƺһ˾ע
Сʱ־ͽҪֽ̫ӽҪȥκζϣܶԻ˿Ҫչ˰ֺʱԼɣʲôã
ΨһıС壬ϲֺͰֻϲɺȴϲ֮£ĶСİСıžͷִ硣
ӡףȴʣ¶ֻ꣬һã
ĸ󻹻ţˡ
ͷᣬǸŮӣûܿ󣬿Ȣ
صɫռӴһİоɫȴ˷ܣаֱŵӣ
ǺЦΣŽҪڿסһıһֱţƼŰ˭֪СûĵģȻ㶼ǣ
û¾ͺã䣬ţЦ˵Ҳһɡ
ǶǵȻأջԸߴߴ˵һ˵·𼸾仰ȥһƣ
˼Ȥ˵ûסҪһԺͷ
ʣƵϲܸı֣ȴҲΪܵİЩʲôСı֤ܴ°ΣӣĨڣ
սӹӲ죬бһۣʵʲô
ٺһЦüֺãĴѧʿãÿ³չȥѧЩͭζʲôи߷ڡ
ѧʿôն˶٣̧ѡ
нѧʿͺܺã磬ǲǣŽգ۾нȥˣÿѮܶһ塣
ߴȾЦ⣬ͷӦʦȷܺãֻ鷿ļˣȷʵЩϧ
㣬ֻҪ˵ʾ۵׻һĨЦ⣬˵ڽͷѳ¼С˵ƿԣһһĴñӿȥЩڴˡ
ĳɳϣŰһԺԺôðģǣҵ棬ʮѲ·ڰϣҲûпܡ
϶꣬ȴھҳδزܴһ·
лʣʱˣһԺãþҪİն顣
ЦףĿʲô¾ȥ̫ӰæֳֵҲˣҲӦ໥֣ʺҲϣˡ
Ŀһ۽ߣջߣЩȥϢɣպٳǵôϽյ
Ǳ˾Ѿ׷鵽ûʣձҲûڣý͡
ճ̾˿Ŵҹգɫ⸴ӡ
Ȼʽһûʵۣȴδ˽һֳøףò࣬Ҳϣ̫һһ¶ĵ
.
߽䣬һֻѩ׵Сӱ
̯ģСѩԾģһ˫ںڵ۾ʪУɣʱֻܹ½ǣƤ档
ڻһһµİ˳ëСѩ۾ܣԵò񻰡
أ̧Եĺ⣬Դӻû
ѾĵùţŮ̫ȴûȴֻܵЩʱȥЩ
һʶ⿴ȥȴûκζ
ӡУڹߣȻҹһҲĻӦôˣ
ūͽȥʡ
ˣСף䴽۵׻һĨȥ
ǵƻͨܺķ䱻Ų˳ȥԶԶؿźӰζŲɵüӿ˼֡
֮仹ûأܽŪȥ
δߵſڣЩ춯üͷ΢첽ƿš
һŨصҩζԴҵվոõЩңְϣµ޲ûüɢҵĶһԡ
ܵͷϷһ㱡ĺ죬͵Ƶֽ˼֣ôˣ
ڻҩסһ˼ŻС˵Ҿжšɫˡ
˵˳ЩңҲĴţΪΨһӣͷһײ¡
е飬֪ĸŪŻСףӲͷƤת˻⣬ֱ׳ҾˣЩ𣿡
Ѻ߰˰ˣֻ̫ҽģһӵҩţɹһֲٰ죬᲻
ϸüȾЦ⣬ϹһĨȣͳлְѺöˡ
Ǿͺá̧ͷƼδȥЦ⣬ʱЩС׷·𶼱Ȼζ
Цֺÿģٴθ̾ΧûˣҲˣЦеĳ֣ܣ
ЦЩŮĽɰʮ־Իԡ
ܲܿվ˽ǰȴ˵һ㣬ҹš
šʲôֻһ˲ԥܱ㵥ϥŵأһͷ
üϸԭȻȥֻʣһƬŸ˳ۣգգۣɵʵܣ𣿡
ʶӦˣȻعԼӦʲôʱ򣬹˲úߣֻСѾ
ƺСģһ˿⣬ֻһ˲ֻС־뿪ˣ̧кεʧôеӲ
۵׻һĨãȻѵ˵ģ
Ž뿪ıӰУ͵͵ȥһ
С׻ص޵СǲЩʲô                        
лҪ˵ܣķȻQAQ
ǷģҺò

027

ҹɫ, Ũɫ͵ƹ֣͸ʡ
ֵҹ, ǵĺڿ, Щʪ΢, ̨ҡҷ⡣
ƫƧĽ, Щȴ뽪޵ܽ, žҹỺĺһʲô, ܵһʱϵ
ĳб䣬ҹ, мֹ¼, ȴϰˡ
СĴӻ棬޳ָḧÿһ·滹д, ڶҹԵͬ
ܺٴ, ǹģǲϰ, ֻǲԸ
ԼݲԸΪ, һôְӦˣΪһ˽ȥıʲô
ֹһ棬
΢΢, ָĵĦ棬Ժз·ֳüۡõЦݣԼʱƯˮħƵģһһ飬Ҳ
ػݶһ޶ã߾ıܡ
ƽغһ磬΢ὣϣʵҹĻУһӰֶȫȻκ졣
ܽһɣ壬ôˣ
ȶˣµлһĨ𾪣˵˫ѼȬۿȴһ顣
û˱ܵжأѲϣһὫȥһܵƽҲã˭֪Ŷ̶̲µĹܹ磬ڵɱˡ
Ѱصǧ裬̵ʱڣҲûĹЧʺȻ뵽һֿԣжʱɲΡ
ѵȻ¼ķ
˿׵ѲˣٹЩӾȫ
Ծŵ࣬ҹ˯üᣬжᾪѣ˯
ʳһϺЦʵĶõķ
һε֪˵¼ķһ룬ӵлش֮Ч֮ǰķȴвȱЧ
ȷˣʹ˵壬ķҴãǷ·ʹҵԺһû취͡
һ٣ûټ˵ȥεˣЩȴޱʵļ䣬·еһʱշ
ð˵ϾЩ̫ڷ˼ΪͬĽš
Ҳļ䣬㸸Ҳõķʵɫأüͷ˵ҪСˣᴫȥؽš
¼ҲҾδûⱾķԵʣȴ˵
ܵͷӦѾˣڿ˹̽ҵ֡
¶һĨȣЦɳúܿ죬ȥӪҲܷЩôȥ𣿡
֪һֱһִҪսгһϴ¼ԩ²ûôףܵı¼ּ¢ϣҪ԰ӪΪ̤飬ֱ쿪
ϴܶϵ˫ȾʹĽѵ
壬ܵͷĬãзᣬ¼ҵԩӵġ
û뵽شӡеȫȻͬҡҡͷʵһһŵĻһλ𣿡
֪
ֻߡ
.
һľǣҹ˯úܳ۵ʱɫѾˡ
źϴʱ洫˽ʶˣôҺõȡ
˲δõķ٣ӭųţȴһѵס˷
ͷ䣬˭ȥģһۣʵȴû˿ЦĴȥգգۣǴ㰡аҲȥ
汻ҭ˵εЦŵһۣȫȻ˿ȥ١
˵̵ʱˣʮ̫УδŸ֣ԭ̳ǽӻ˭֪ȴӦСаסһ
̫ţ鲻һӣ˴磬첻ֱӹˡ
СһɱԿһʵǲģû뵽˿ûӰƵģаܾӣĪǻûлعлһĨǡ
ɻǵЩʲôˣСἰס㾡˵ȴ㱨𣡡
ˣˣϴżֽƯˮķŹ⣬Ѿұˡ
þӶĽе£ãȻʵܣ
Ķ֣һʱȴ벻Цѵҵһڱأ粻صġ
ͷüͷչǸ˱ţҲΣԩ޳ôɱֱ˴ɱš
û¾ͺãԺҪСЩţæȻڹҲҪСģԴöȵȵȣ֣ﶼȫֽŲɾģЩȥ˾¾֡
ɺ٣Ž߶߶У۵׻һĨΡ
ƽʱҲû߶ģֻҪһţͻ̲ס˵
磬Ҷ֪ģСĵͶ硣Ҳ㲻Ϊʲô˴ɱһҪԻ֣˾޷ǴݾߣǶԷĿġ
Ҳûֵͼıĵطпܵݣǰҽ֮û©ȴһʶǳ¸㡶˽
ңƣǼ̫޲ϣ˵ǳˣܵû͵ܳġ
գգۣһĹɣ磬ҹһľǡ
ˮʱཱུðγ뵱һſ꣬˵ֺúһڳȾƣҪھﴳһɣа˱֪ǾǴܵĴ
ڱ˵ǰûճʲôģȻ˫ȫкãκǼͷɿڡ
ƼˣʵüȥԵ÷ˣҿǸ˺ܶöǸġ
ĸʽǰɶȴòάΪֵأյˣãã
˰ûסüɫɱ޻ˣԭôʽͷҶļҵóԡ
ޣ·ʲô˲õ顣
ȭִȵҲǰΪóṦҲ֪Ѱûȥġ
Ȼһʱԣԭ;Ҳֲüλ̫ý
װϵ뾪㵣άų棬ǿת˻⣺İأ֮ǰ̫ҽ˵һȣڿɺˣ
أ˵ţܽ˹дСЦü䣬ܣҵİ
´ܣ̧ļлһĨͣӺʵҲõó֡
ʲôõó֣ǿ磬úܺÿ
ûκα仯ǳȣ֮ɫŨɵ˼ְ֮ģһ
ʶĿ潫һпУĵԽ⣬Сͦԡ
δüӦ£ɫʱˣƵ̫׷ˣٳ㡣
ߵһͻȻЩ㣬æת˵ڲ㣬Щʱȡ
ã㡭ء
˴磬תЩɵɫôˣ
ܶ˶٣˵ְṦҲܺá
ҪʲôȥĽκˡ
䴽۵ЦȾһƬĿĹâ
֪ģܣǶá
һǱЦš
лҪ˵ÿշݿɾ͡

028

, ˰ĶãСѳһϥǸߵС
ߺû, һӱᶫ, ú, ̬ӯ, ȴֻܴ˱㽫ȫˡ
ܽľֹ۵, ԺȻȻĸֳʵ·ѾΪһֱܣʹͲС
ԺЩһĸ, ȻӰڵ΢΢ٴЩʱ, ѽܹ, ȻƬʽļ޷̫е֪е׷ʲô
ⲻ, Ҳù, ھ޴У򵥵, ӲͷƤڽǰ
ְԳ, ˵µ棬𷣡ͳ˵
ȻϹձ¸㡽Ҵ»ûнʼձһҡ
˵Ҫ, ϣ˶ѡ
οȷдȷ÷
ϥڵϣͦñֱΨԴ΢΢µţ̧ͷ
ĵͷʲôԭûˣ뵽ЩײܻҩΣ˼ҲԽĵˡ
¸㡺־ڹ֣ʲôս⿴ģûҲͷ˵ˣҲǳ滰
ûй㣬ĦŻѩС˵ֻЩʱܣӦȫԼ¶ûкô
¸˼أԴмرĵز֪ƣưոݣԭĴеĶ磬ǲ׸Ĺۡ
ϱ㲻һˡǴܵĹ˳¸Σֻܳƿϲǡ
û뵽Ϊ룬ֻǽ¸㡶̬βҪģҲֻ뷨
ڱְԣľҪ̧ͷϸüǼᶨ±ְд빫𷣡
𷣣ϴ˵𷣣¶ֻңЦˣüë΢΢ˮӯĹ󣬹չȥʵܣôˣ
ܣ
ģûգᷣġ
˿ûһ룬һıֽŵ
Űɣ֣պл˵۵׺ЦƵ˵ȸȥ鷿
нǶֵĽÿն鷿Ҫżȥѧ԰ݷòг⡣
Ժһ˵뷨Ǹʲ̫࣬ýԺĳԱζûô˲ţֻϣԵİһϣ
һõ飬ϣΪĳЩеĵԷָңʹɱ֡
鷿ܿ͵ˣûоκˣźܾĵ߽鷿
ɫѲˣ鷿ȴûֻԼĽŲнԴõѵ⡣
־ף
ܰӣƨۡ־װҲۣ۵д֣ӣ⼾ܲܲˡ
ԣнһ٣ֱֽдһʣֱӻȥ˰ɡ

ûã־ױһֽü۵˳ƳһۣԼдһ֡
鷿һС¿һһһĿѽĩÿĴμΡεƹʮ֣һѧõ߷֣Ҳõ֡
ڽӡУһҲõ˰˷֡
㡭ôˣ־ǰһֽһڱ󣬴󲽳ߵһŻæڣæ־׼¡
۵׺Цգգ۵־ף־ô
ǣ־æϵӣϴЩײ˹£ʵǸô빫·ģĻͷһúýѵ
ǣӵ˺㡣ѵ
־ԴͻȻһ˲عѸٸĿڣ޵Ȼϻۣʲô£ҡҲײù˸ȣʵ
ղǾӣ־׵һ֧֧û뵽ȴ
ֳ¸ǻ쵰ҪȻҲֱڹ־ԽԽȥʰһ١
ʮԸʲôƤ֮ʹˣ־û뵽˷Ҫֻײֱˡ
˵ǰչھ̣˵־׺Ұֽ˿Ƿģ´γҰݣ˵ֺ
䴽üۼЦⰻȻ˵˵ġ
־ðĿܣӰ𪣬ָݣεøӸƵģɵ˼ӣ˵
ģһ־ײ佫ңͽ׳Ϊű۸
ּϰ䣬С㿪ʼǵý׳Ҳȳ˴ࡣδʮ׾ٵĽһϱƵڵأοꣿ
ʶĻͷĮɫۿɼĺȥϸü۳Ķ־ףʱܰ˺
ƫƫ־׻ڲţôﲻ˽ֻһҪҪԣ
ʶĿõ϶֡
־״֣ȥŵĳЦſ£һ
û־ʲôסò˿ֱӡءһˤ˵ϡ
ƫˤʮֹ죬ӵ˿ǡ˸ܽӴʱ۵ҽ
ޱתڵţûһѡ
ݣ
ģһգգĿܡ
Ȼ
лҪ˵ܱʾĳЩ˰ǲܰݵģֻܰһӡ
СÿշݵϷ+ 
PSǧ񣬸Ƴٵϣȡôô(ţ 3)
רղѼ֪~Ҫˣҿģ

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鷿ͥԺ, ־ü۵վѵǿ׳΢΢ǰ, Եø
һԵнԾӲѵ, Կ̰ŭ, ΪԵҵļһǰŪȥ, ԸԳĽУ˭֪ų󷴶ˡ
ּϰ, õĿɺͶ鲢ӣнԸ־϶˼ƫƫһڵ, 䲻֪ߵغ
нԱ˰, ò̾ѧʶԨ, ˵ôྐྵûһظġ
ˣӣСǹ, ӹĲݹȥ, ҪЪЪȿڲ裿
нʶĽӹյ, ȻعЩû, þվʾáĲ
ϻڹϣֻ࿴ۣϾͰ鷿, ظӰһϡ
˵鷿飬յͱСŵȾһȣнΪѵ⼸䶼ģһΣٷҲҪˡ
΢л¡нЩȻڶλСֱ־£ֱԶӻҪ鸴ӣʱ־˵Щʲôһ˻ȥŸʲôҪȥˣ
ӡҡ
ûˣƭҵģнĿ⽥䣬־Ȼ̾˿Ը˳ȥ
ϵЦԽŨգգۣʵ˾ãΣ
⡭нûף˵鷿飬ȴһնûóȻЩĪǻϵ˼
нһݣ̸ҵڵ΢ְأ߾ܣֻ΢ϲܰϽǣ²Ϊ츣Իʶ
˵Ϊûʸ𣬸ܶԻʶ˿Թн״ԪҲмְһ˿ȡһ¡
İʾ̲סܵ鷿඼ǳãҲȻλȨأΪ͵н䲻ܱȼ̫ȴҲ̫ࡣ
ε뿪鷿ѵǶ磿
ܣʶķͷǰִûչ¶ҰġС󣬴ֵĶʶʡ
Ͷδʱ־ͱΪ̫ӣԹ֮ı׼ûеûʵ
ֻǣ˶⣬벻ʲôԭܹùԵнˮޡ
£нԴɵ𣬽عϵɫӲһ˲ָܿЦݣ˵ǫˣʱ˵£ɽУéٿ̸ֺԻʶ
нɫ΢䣬ᣬǳװ˶ˡ
ɫãȻˣ΢΢ס۵׵һĨǣЦ˵ҵȷһҪ鷳ˣ֪˿Ȥܳɣֹǻ֮ʦн̻գǧŵĹ¡
´˻⣿нԴȵĿŴӽһСŮȻֻܹ
̻յĹ£ǿɲֻһ˵˵еġ
̾һԺϸϸ˵ˣ˵нɫѾˣҡͷǣ㣬򲻿٣ⲻֹǰһԺҪжԡ
н΢ĩҾ䲻ƶȴҲ㲻Ϻãֵܶ˷ĿɳɢҲ˴ӵſÑ֪Ȩڳб鲼Ĺϵ
ǳеĳǿƾٳҲᱻ£γ˽ܵ壬˷ָԼѪ⣿
ܹµĶˣмԼû
ƽĿںڵˮƺܱһ֪жѣŲеĶ˶ֻԼֻΪԼպιɽδ棿
㸲Ĵ֮£Ȼоǿ翹ѣǲ»ˣһİ
ǰҲ֪ûÑͲܶ飬ֻΪһڣҲ֪˻͵Щɥͷ˵̫ˣֻǣһЩϣ
ϵѧ֮ģӦƶ̤ϵʥ˵ӦȨһȡ
ЩɬܰǸ֮ҰԺΪˣΪǸһȣֻǿܱǷǺڰףЩЩݲ£ˣǷĿ
˵Ѵ˼Ӽȴ˿ԵͻأΪȷе˵ֻıվŵģϵĻȨ
ǴܵĹϻۡҲ㹻Ե
нһ̾ıл֧֣µҲǲΪֻȻס
ֻˣ΢Ը΢ֻ֮ǣн˶٣˵ܹõ˵֧֣±سɡ
游һЦˣһֵ֧ġ
нԣδĻǰǰңزжȴδ˼
գ²Ҳվֻǽϻ
߿첽۵״Ц⣬㵹Ǹӣ˵ţӦ㡣
Ѵ鷿˳ʱЦü䣬˵ļζдôм㵹˵ˣѾӦҡ
һεҡҡͷѧòãûϹһοΡ
⻰ԣȥԺѧȫǰ϶ֻǰһˡ˵ſнµСĶ޷ܾЦнЦһ̾壬΢ҵ
ȴᣬֻ˵ȴӦ˾Ͳɷڣ
۵׻һĨǰס˽ߵֱۣЦ˵м˸ԺҸһģҪ˵壬Ҳ壬ҸһΪϱ
нɫ˽ЩͷȴֲұֳֻܸɰͰ͵ٺò£лпԣ΢ȥţԺ顣
ȵнߺ󣬽ߵϲ¶ΣǺαأ
ϲ෴ЩϻۣҲнͷ۵ĵطһ̫֮λ֮ģнǧˡ
ܸонСĽȴʲôı䲻ˣΨһܹıԶһЩԼαװĴЩнҲͬһˡ
ɰղⷬɽװ˽Ҵϡ
磬ǲһΪ㣬ȫȫ⣬Ըûס֣ѡǶ飬˶磬ǶȻġ
̧۾Ŷ硣
ֺСָ⻹΢ȴεؽģᶨѡ
ߵͷᳶһĨȣ·һûòӵУҲûǷҪǸλӡ
ָ˹̵ͦıЦӦ֪
££е꽥˳¸һ꣬Ц߶˵½յɫԽˡ
ԸֻױŲߣ߷սתϳ¸㡵ߣ£
䵭룬Ŀ⾹һİˣ¸㡲еȭͷȴƵᣬЦ˵֣Ҹ˵ҪԺһĺ£ҵԸΪЧ͡
ղŵһУŽ߻飬УӦֵܣӦѣӦǡͬ
Զһνðٰ磬ΪξͲԭһʱ֮ģǰǳȫ֮롣
½ǰһ°۵״ЩԺҿѧȥæٿɽȼü֮˿Ц
½ǳеļҴ֮һ㲼вٶڳƿҪְ
ԺʼȷҪ֣½ҪһţȫûǷСУʮꡢʮһĺҪԺֻͼһʺˣӼ˺һ⣬ֱ֪ߵغ
Цĵ⵹ǲأСˣͷ½ˡ
´Բӣ½ϵգԸΪɽһ̸ͷ˼Ҹ֮Ը½Ц
¸Цſߣ֪Σ
ˣ½ҹǾϹᣬͷ䴽۵׻һĨ⣬磬㲻صģ游һа취
ңϰڡ⻰ǰǰʢѽû䣬ȴɲС
˻һ½ʱ졣
磬Ȼعˣ۵Ц⣬Щʱһȥĵ㸸š
ЦӦ£ԶԶȥıӰüᡣ
ߡ¸㡵ͻһдһ˿󣬽תĮȻ´ӣˡ
¸һ˲׹ߣһߣ
Ĺ·ϣ̵ŲӣܸǼͣһ˫鲽ôúЦ
Ȼĵŵϵש
ȻͣܽŲһͣȵ£а벽֮ң
ܣӪʶİʵ
һ٣ָʶӹһ˿ѾָǸĿˣѵҪͻȥ
ӰӪ̳һٱ
ܵͷн겻ȴұ¶ֺֻӲʵʲô
Ӫб˴˻ʶʶҲпɱĿְӲʶܶ˶٣һʶ
ڰӪûѣȥҲεӰֻܻɱˣ֫
ΪԼıȴֹסľ뿪
üͷ΢Сֹ롣
Ȼͣ˽ŲȭͷѪɫʾһñ
£ܵͷҿţѱְͻȥ𣿡
е£˼ֹסЦˣüѽҪͻȥúò
лҪ˵ݲءշСǲʺζ~
PSеˣǶһĴ£ҾС߻һ£ٺٺ~
ллСɰǵ֧֣СɰǼֱ̫ˣһǵĦ˹
䣡䣡

030

ʱ, Ũ΢ķһƬơ
΢΢ͷ, Ưˮ, ЦȾ۵ü, ӣ۵ĴһĨ, ϵǳҪѤöĿ˺޲ðõһж͸
, һʱ޷ŲĿ⣬벻ϻбõĴڣ·ǾӨ͸֬, ûһ˿ʣմȾ䳾
, ŵˣþò˵, ԭظɵƵģæ˵, Һʱ˵, ҪͻذӪˣ
ʹ˫, ֪, ֪ľˣ֪ӣӦһִߣް취
Ը뿪, ֻһСġżðͷԸðա
ĲУ۵׻һ˿ۣȻ֪Ӫģܴ˽Ĳ࣬ʲôõط
ĮпᡢɱѪȡİħ飬ôܻȥ
ԲһĹѺͻ飬ֵеΡ
ܣǰ˵ҾͻȥģȻңǾһӵİ˵㲻صЩбȥ
ԥ˽һֱߵģû׼ˣҲо𣬿ɶ˵һֻİǲЩ̫ϧˣ
ְûбȥܵ˵ҲС
ԸһӵİԶڲ֪ĽҲһֱᵣһǷᱻ˺
ֻҪߡ
û𡭡䴽ұҲû뿪û㣬Ķȥһôİѽ
Щ٩ζȴּ棬ܶȻ죬ԡůĳ
ãڿһķٳڶС
Ƕ磬ûаպΣѲ⣬͵һϲʿҪϲĶҲﲻ˵
ܵͷСɫ쳣֮ǰ뽪ߵĻȫˣ˵ʲôζļ仹֪߾ࡣ
¾һ㶼𣿡ܴʵ
СϻһĨȻ꣺һЩС󣬶Ϊ׺ҲԸǰ㾳ءд󳼲ʺʹ硭Ҷжµ
һ˵ĸǰ˵Ҫ໥֣ûߵһ֮ǰҵĶ硣
ԭҲô࣬СԶֺεƫ˽䱸г¸㡶Դֵ̬ȣƺҲⲻͬн̬һ峯Ұİ
ֵѡӰźܶˡ
ܣŶ𣿡תֻŹ
Цü䣬С˵ȻңͲ˼ˣҿһӣŲͻذӪ
šӦ£Ųĸ󣬽彥
һӣõĹ
ĺĵҲһȴУˡ
ʳǱȶ㣬Žգգۣ˵磬أ
˹ĳһƬɣͷЦӦȷóԡ
ߣб˽һۣŷĸҿ㣿һġ
һûиʣֺõ˵ϵ϶ʱסˣЦ⣬ںԡ
˵ֱЩɽȴΪãϴ޵Ц⣬ӰһƬ⡣
ͣסæʱʱڽϡ
յϻһĨڣڽĿ£òּһƬ˽ǰ
СŮ˵ģǹֵľٶΣͬľٶϣܾм֣䰢һʡĵġ
ʶһſӵֽ˽ζû¡
ӡУһֱϸֻ԰ʱ򣬲Ż¶Щᡣ
ʣǲʲôգգۣѵڹϮ齻Ǳ˾飬ʹˣ
ĵķΧʱһߴſӵȴٳδĿ⵭ӹˣ̾һ۵׻һΡ
˳ϣǶֳϧԣҲԸԸЩ£ײݡ
輸գո¿ӣüӹһ⣬ܿʧ˵εǶİ߶ҲҪˣЩʱȥӪˣҲ˳Щ
˳֡ʹӷһ⸡ͷ֪Щʲô
ʣ߽ӲЦЦ˵ʮûΥ˹ء
ûƴǣֱӵһȥ
ǣлʡҪлֹ̧ĵҸӼ䣬αţⲻЩ
ǰ⣬㱼ձ
ǡܲ
ùţҪŽȥӪûٶ
ܾø֮Щ֣ǾϵһŶŤˣĥŸӦ£Խ˹أȴڡ
һֱҪԼİϣʽյǵĸӹϵһЩ
ҹɫڣƻ谵¯Ժȴһ顣
Ĵ˼Ĳֻ࣬ϣεذѶסλ֮ʱⲻһң˿Ը˼Ҳް취
һ󺮷紵谵ҡҷ˼£ûסâϨڡ
æҵķӣڰеһ΢·ڲϵı
ʶս¯վԭزҶһʴ壬ů͵¯޷ֵ
ǰȻһ⣬վǰŻ
΢һ⣬ڵҹȴۣ˲䰲ģ򴽣ĵĵȴ»ָ
ܵˣͲˡ
ôˣ΢΢ͷģ·ӳǹ⣬۽ǴЦུС˵˵Ъյģ㵱ֵ
ܵ˿ڻ軻ҩ޴󰭣ҪϢúЩ㻻ţ˭ֳ֪ʱ
ˣܶ˶٣Ƶҹɫ𣬡ûӡ

лҪ˵ΪɶҪҵ
ܣΪԣ)
쾡

031


ѵĺ, ݲݵЩţմ, ӭ˸ߵĴ̫䡣
΢, Ǹ, Цʱر, һֱǰź򣬽ĴȸʻҪƵ
Թ, ǸʲôԸ𣿡ʵ
϶Ц۾гһߣ⻰˵ģǻ۵ľ, һҲֻǴ, õǡ
ĵ԰, Ц֪ʶ˵Щʲô
Ǻ£ЦеүѴŹӺС뾩, ʰ׵, ձܽʥūһ, ýе¸ˡ
ģǰһ, в˼ڴ
ҵֶǼõˣЩŰؾɣȴĲȻѭ浸, ӲԽīǵĲɳڣһιӣƾ³Ԫ֪Ե˶С㡣
Ψһı̣ӡȴֻ̣ǵüȴϲ
ΪһҪϵ󿪴뾩û뵽㵽ˣպܸϹĳϦҹ硣
أõżĵűǣԶ٣ϵЦ΢΢𣬽˵⻹һҪ
Ļϲδ쳣ֻ˵Թ뽲
Ǳ˾ָʹκˣѾ̿׽ù鰸·ģ˵ˣһ乪˵
һʶ׷ʵ֪̿ͱǺˣ
ֻЩëˣ˵Ǽ⣬ð˹䲻źۼƿ˻⣬ϻ˵μεķܵͣ⼸ҪúñŶ飬ѰȥҲɡ
ôᡭЩ⣬üͷʵʱ绹˵òԹһù᲻ǷӸˣ
⡭㲻֪ˣзΣԽԽǲúŪˣƫϻϲЩ˦μЩѣ¿ƫĿ
ѹĵ׵ǣͷӦ£ֻЪȥѰֵͷ
ռο˽鷿ѧѶ壬׼ȥҶһԺļӵ£û뵽ʾűŶ顣
Թֵֹܾģһ뾩˷ܶȥ
ִɱľǼëеĹŮ̫඼ǹ磬˵ǽϵëȻѰľǰռҲԶԶš
ҹ䣬ڿĪץסһһ֪ͨ˱˾ˣв
һɣֽеǰźĹŮ
ôʵδ֣ȴһֱڰжţºЭκ֪׷ӵ̿ͣûܰ£ȴ֡
Ǳ˾ָʹκǸ֮ˣɣɴʵΣȫ޷˵
Ӧձְǽ֣书ʽԲƽˣ˵ضеĵ»ǲҪΪ
еĵȻףֻСӿһŲ֣̿ͻǣ㣬ֻǸʳУס
ĵȴԸϵ⣬Ҫ֪ࡣ
ܣΪأܣȴδ̫ϣд֮˱Ȼαװأֻ򵥽֣δܹݡ
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һµϻһĨΣûȷе֤ݣÿڣвһҵ
ο»δûв˵ǲù֪У̹ʡǻˡ
 һٲϲС壬ҲСҪԼ
ܳڿסһкڰпţ˽֮̽⣬صİڶֲ࣬ԶӦеĹƣְòɡ
ԶơþûܻعܹӵԼӵسָȷʸ񣬵ȴǰϵģ˽»Ǵɡ
£¹شܵĻ棬ȷ֤ݣ֪仰٣š
ͱСϰɫȴףʹùأĻ˵պǰҲپˡһССİɻѪף
ʹˣң
¡ΣΪͬǰ˵ķȴȫͬܡҲֻúÿЩˡ
޷򴽣˵ȻʲԸҲ֣ұװֻ֪ǡǾйǣ򸸻
ʱƮΪأôֵģܣһܣҲֻ£
˵ЦˣְҡҡɰͰ͵˵ǰ٣ȴǻͷڹߵģ޾ϸѳ˳̬½йʵЩ֪Ǻá
˵Ҳ޷ģ֪ɫ΢䣬ĵĦŲյʲô㾡ְأȻ㡣
Щͷ󣬿ܵԽĲƣ޲ھȥһܡ
Һ£ҿ룬۵һƬ
¹ϣֻ̽һû뵽һﾹȫˣûһ£ʵǡһƿߡ
Ҳãֹˡ
ţʵţ
ˣݺݵصһܣʵʵ£ְȷʵ˵һЩ£ҲΪİȫ룬빫ˡ
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ЦеĿȻˣ¾ȲҪ游ʣպ֤жᣬˣ
ǡӦ¡
׷湫꣬һûõС˽ʵЩԽܡ
䴽۵ЦŨ˵ûй㡣
ֻԼơ
㣬˶٣˵ܣ伸ȬȴҪעЩúϢ㵱ֵʱҲصҡ
ɫҪͷӦ£˵ǣܵȷúúϢˣ⼸ҹܲԣֽŵֵֵʱҲһֱţδܵˡ
һʶĿܣֲֵôʱԭһֱڸţδȥ
һµ²֪⼸ֵĺܣҪƱְߣ󡭡仰˻ȥдһ˿Ǻ֡
жʱһ¡
ͷʵܣʲô治𣿡
ǣ͵ã
ܵ쬵ϣһ٣˵ֻǱְδݣʮֺ档
ѽȻĿϣģҲûء
                        
лҪ˵״

032

Ϧ, ڹĽڱ˳Ҳ˳ĴӼλ̫еõա
ҵӽ, û, ֱӽ
һ㽫ƫɨĸɸɾ, ָżС̫ŲԡյԱͲû, Ϊ˺ÿҲֻ˼, ǼͺƷ֣һƯĺ÷
÷ԺܴС̫౿ֱ, ʧְˤ˵£ֻýǿԮ
Ҫü, ǵĸȴ޼, ֻЩ¶ҲΪɬĿϣûסЦˡ
˭뵽ĬԡȰĺҹ, Ȼһµ, ֲ˵ʲôժߡ
ְ̧˰棬ĿԹ, Ų͵ڳ, պɻթĳСӺ
ͦɰģգգۣЦⰲοװ۵, ˡ
ܵԽƣлһָؽڣȭͷž졣
һҪ
ֻһԹԵȥԣء޼һһֳԾӣҪǣȻģ
Ӳˣ
˰صĽȻУְصİȵԣ÷ŵĶͷŵĶԹʮֹɡ
Ϧҹ磬˱Ƚӣ룬˵ǶŰɣ϶ഩ㷢ʲôҲ
һʵȨĹǲҪ̫۵ĺá
ĳϦҹģֻڻ׹ݣΪȺĸ壬ȻҲڡ
ʱ˴ϢԴѴӵĵ˲ҪűԶԶĿӰ
磬磬ҪȥأüЦӭȥ´ī˵ôԽԽÿҶҪˡ
˵ī΢΢һ˫ƯһȾЦ⣬ָᵯĶͷǵСµһÿõżʱˣ
˵ҿ⻰˵Ŀȥˣ˵ġ
Ҳÿأ֪жŮҪΪߵ䴽ܽȫ˶ÿ
˵üǡīһ۸ͣһԵĽΣ۵׵ЦȴȻ
˼°ʲô֪ʵ׻ǹġ
ˣͱأæʵ˵Ҳһͬ˾ǣôûǣ
īЦ⵭˼֣˵ĵ㡭·۳Ͷ٣вʣ빬
пЩ飬ȴû׷ȥ¹Ҽ£һŮǻҵĹܲò֣Ϊѡ
Щʱ̫ҽȥһˣҽɺˡ˵
īЦŵͷӦҲãҿ˵Ķ赲ҩͼ͸ˣôϲˣ
ҵĴæҲǲɸ۵״Ц֮ϲľͳ˱ǲϲҲֻһžֽί˶磬֪Ҳϲ׼Ὣˡ
īüͷ΢ԵĽߣҡҡͷû˵ǽЦŵֻôһ㻹ţպ򲻸ˡ
㲻ͺã䴽˵Уĸĵĺóԣ϶û
ī۵׵ЦмΣСһֻǺӣȻҪٰԺ뷨ǳţ»
ߣīɫأ̾˿˵Ժ¿ɲ򵥡
磬֪ģ벻ף˵벻ΪʲôûӾͲܶ飬Ҳ벻ΪʲôҪֹôܱԽԽã˵ϣ𣿡
īһʹϴ˿˿Ҳֻϧ뷨֮ѱȫѹ塣
飬ΪΪ˱͵»ҰѽڱĿʹֻܿǰһ԰ءֻаԶĶԼУֵܹõࡣ
ӵҪѣܹˣҲû취סҵ£͵жԡ
ī̾һɫЩӣҰ㡣
Ҳֻѣұǣֻ̫Ǽжӣʵޣڸ׺ʹ磬ұ֤
ͷƯˮǼᶨǻġ
֪пֲī¶ЦĹռ̫ãҪıһЩҪվ
ҵĶӣʵѡ
䣬׹Ǭ幬˵λһ𣬶С壬Լ֧ļԶס
ΪȺֳүλӽڿֱֻҪЩԶԶȥüͷţֻ˾ЩԽˡ
ǰҲˣЩ̰壬ʼƺڱ־룬ûֻ游ɰ
ţתİ˵Щʱ΢ھڹܽˣϺ͹½⡣
ɻţѺһˣǵмӡ
΢ѽٻ٣˱ƾã򸮾޶ĵƳһ۹ڵϷӣеľƱȴԽԽ
˵쳣УȴԶӲҵĿ⣬´ãǣңȻһȷѪꡣ
Ȩϣһ˿һĲ׶ı
ϺЦӦ˾δ̫ƽˣֻЩС£ʶǲģҲδϡ
ǳ¸һٵƣȻҲֻû뵽оҵĲҵ
˵öԣǴ£䲻ؽšЦ˵˵ǰ£ײ޵Ż˰ˡ
Ĺ˵Ѵ˽ã΢ʵѰ
ն˶٣Ц˼֣ˣø⡣
ûʲô£ͽ˰ɣЦ˵ǰãԼˣ˾ĪҪǡ
΢л
еնʱ΢΢ζоƱ˿۵׵Щˣȴδֳ
˾Զ
֪˾һŰ壬ȴ֪֮˵زǳϦҹ磬һԲӣĸ󣬶ĸϼ֣뾹䵽˵ز
ĪΪҪԺгɣܿĨȥ뷨游ֺѧӣǰѹ˴˵뷨ƾٺſ
游˸֣˾ˡȴȷ
еƹѾȥջЩȴһת˵΢Źǰھ̣֪ˣ
أúܺã˾˲صġЦ˼ġ
΢΢ף˵¾ͺãǵײ徻ȫպĪҪˡߣȺȥǴΨһĹŮӵĿģĴ޲αա
ʮȷϵЦ⽥ȥҲٿ
˾⻰˵ûеھϮϳ͵Щ̿ͣ䴽̧գ֮ĪȻǸʵĵ̣ŮǺ⣿
һ۵𼸷ֲԭΪֻһӣû뵽Ͽ˼ȺӰӣЩ꣬ȷʵûˡ
˾ҲΪİȫ룬㵽ף֪⾪ա̬
ЦӦõĸʣپգǶỤң˾˾Ͳضˡ
õĸʡȻСŮȷֽ̿ŴԺѱվȺ˲ᶯҡ
򸮵ĸ֮׶ã
һʵȨСڹ簮гҪϯ籩Уδ̫
˳˼ЦһߴӽջأĵһĪҪ⣬о仰˵Ĳ⾪Σ޵Ůݲ۸
û뵽Ҳһ棬šᶨԺ޷ɣҲġ
ΪΨһĹҪѧݣѹʰūšŭ԰ٹ١ֻҪ͸Ҷš
ϦҹЦ̸ɢȥ˼죬޷ȡ
СصȻһ裬Ϊ׽ľ˾ȴƴĸ룬ѵ
Ϊж˶żµͷ㲢ˣҲ
ҹɫƻͨϷȥ˯ţԳŴܣ㱳顣
ЩΣְ𣿡
룬ʵᱳʲô
һԥˣܵȽϺ
ְ̧˰ϵ棬һΪƫġ
̾˿ܶڵģղڵϰˣյֵú˯һҲӦã˽ܻͷ˵ûˣ룬ʵҲͦġ
ԹԵϣɴᣣСֹǱȲܡ
һȻںԼ̫
һҹ˯ȥڶһ磬մ㿴һŹݵļӣϲƯĺɫ
ǱǺ«ʶһ¿ˮ
⣬ǴģȲʵ
˵ȥģ˵Щ
գգۣЦˡ
лҪ˵ģ

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ܴ, ƫмһСԡ
ʯ̨ͻ, ۺЦ߹ȥ, ϰͣ, µ, Ҿǹ
һ, һҺɫļаӣȹƯС, ĵԽİ͸һžµСûƵ, ƫƫ˫ˮȴּΪ鶯, ƵŲۡ
ɿŲߣϰ
ĽǰӪ, ͬҲǴΪļе, һһʽ·ùǧ, Ѫ
վһ, Ϊ˲ܵţֻܾЩܿһֱڶ
ú档
Щ, Īǹ£͵͵𣿻˵ʲô£ˡһһ²ļת߷·ӳȣεϣ
ܡһµĶˣб̳һƬҶסͷת
۵׺Цͷ˵ǲǻȱһϰʦؽͷ϶ûս㣬ҿǴӦ˸ʣҪڽİõһء
лʦҹҽᵢġܹ׻һĨɫ
ʵճӪʱѲһΣԼоԼͻȼʡһеǰǣᱩ¶
ʴδ̹ЩȴΨһܹΣи֮ˣ˽ϰ䣬¶ĿԻ
Ϊ룬Ҳܾܾ
Ǻðɣ䴽Ҫܸ˵
ǡӦ
գգۣ޹ʵǳϦմҲҪԲܣǴ򵽵ģ
ܶ˶٣ϻһĨȻְڽ򵽵ġ
˵ôףҶʹˣϦҹ̻Ѵȣջҹ΢΢°ͣ۵׻һĨȷ˹͸֪Ȼôʹ㣿
ʹôʹסĵ׵һ˿ͳ𣺡ְΪʹͣϲͺá
Һϲģ˵Ҫúʹ㡣
ǰƿĳ񲼣¶һƬ죬Լɼȴۣϴò֪ϸ˶ٱ
ΪŮ̫࣬˾ҲרΪµϰףϴûǴӰӪǼźģܲϲ
һˣǰЩǲ˾壬ר
ɫȽϳ㣬Цⷺģգգۣ㴩Ͽ϶ÿ
ܽ˽еĳɶȻ졣
ûƤΣ˵һ䣬ٽҪˣʱһòҲʮá
ٱЩ
ǳһأȥϰɣ·ȥأվʹһ
ܵͷСĵı·ȥ뵽ں濴ţֽű㲻ԾЩ
Ҳɣ䴽һ̽ѰڰΪͼ㣬ǺɫͼһͷҲȥϰɣֵӦ
źһţ۵ЩΪŶǰƫ衣
Ҳǣȥһİǽˡ̲סҪЦġ
ܺܿ㻻ˣжϰ˽ʮĺɫһƬİ죬мֵֹֹģ·ʽûиı䣬ж硣
´ԽԽ⣬ɫİһֱƤӵ£ǰûзʵ˷ѡ
رÿҾ˵ɫ㡣Цӯӯ˵ʱҲ·ɨһۣ˵ߴ粻ֵܺȷʵ
һϵĺɫܿȥ£΢΢
ȻǸЩ
꣬ҪĵУܰٹٵĳ̸ġò׵壬뽪ߺͽһ۶Ҳ׽׽
ԶԶĸսӽ洫ЦԶ֣۵׻һĨΣּҵֵܵˣɻҪȥ
ϴ־¸ͻܾȲϲ¸㡣ȻҲԸദйǣͷˡ
ֵּС£ðıǴˡ
־ףһּ¼ҶͬΪͷ佫ң໥ҲΪأҪȻ־¸Ҳ˲Ը
Ҫ㵹¸㡣ز١
ȥɣµģ˵ˡЦ
濴ǱƲκ֪ϺֵּܣԶԶӭЦǿˣּҵģκҵģӦü
ߺͽ־ױȲ֮ǰùܾǾײˣԶǼҸżȻãСС⣬Ϊ񣬻¡
ӻһӣֻ鶼иӵôϸȷɫá
ִӿˣɨһۣü䣬˵ֻͷһʹʧãδⲻס
ϲҲʹʧ־Цˣˣ̤ʵġ
°ɣһԶɫãǷ˼ģЦ˵㲻գһﲻ֪ҪĥҵʲôʱȨΪԺ
һ˼ˣּҵĹϵײø̫ǵʾýҲ޷
Ƴһۣ˶Ķ飬Ժв֪㸡ֳıǺ«Ƥȥͦñֱ
۸񲻷ƣĳɫҲֻнǹġ
ͻȻЩʧ䣬޴ʲôȴ־ǿĲϳϡ
òһأǿɵúú棬ʲô⣿Цʵ
ңȥɺãбһۣЦЩʲôã涼ˣǻȤ
־׵£ϴξϴˣ˺ôһҿúñһֻӡ
ףüƳһۣЩ䣬ϴεĽѵûԹð˾պ󶫹Ҳˡ
־ڨڨӣ֮ǰ鷿ܱҲûܾôһС׻ǵýЩ
޶ۣЩײ˹ĪҪ־ʵ
䴽ЦײǴ̫СˣֻѰԶѣӦȻԡ
ǿüͷ΢ĿⲻõɨֵּܣЩͷһ鷿¾ӿΡƻšܡͷԵç
羹Ȼῴǣ
ǿģһ£ܣ룬תܣ½ǵһԣգգۣСʵϰ࣬ѰҲֻĥɻҪ
һü۽ͣɣͺá
Ǻãȥɣ۵׺Цһ˫ˮǻᷢ⣬Ӯǵøӡ
Ӧ£ķԸϡ
һ׼̤֮˱̨־ִһǹܳ߳һһӰѸپһ
˸ǹϣһУС֪ʱѾ̽־׵ľ䡣
һƬžѸ˽˽ԡ
Ŷ顭ǣ                        
лҪ˵أҹ궼ʵʵĴ֣úñԼ
ܻbuffӳ֣ѹأס
ܣֻ
־ף

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յı̨, ־׵Щ
ǰЩϴˣֲܱһ֮, Щ, , ûһ, ˭֪аܱ
У־ܲί
, /ǹһ䵶־׷߷ߵ˵ţתͷ̨ޱ, ɫǺһƬ
ȣ۵Ц, վ˵ִӲҪ, óɱ򶷣ǲ¡
£־ͣȥ, Աߵκ֪϶ȥˡ
֪ոǿ, û뵽ȻֵزҲǰܵӦ, κ֪üɫ˵, ֪ںδϰãǽۡ
˴һƣ֪ոһϣκ֪츳ҲܿЩߡ
־׵մּ, óԵУ󿪴ƣܵȴһóÿһʽΪɱˣΪٶȵɱˡ죬ѵֵ
ⷬεĿޣ־ˣҧκ֪֪ʲôһֻèСëץס
ץסֵץסκ֪Ϻںκĳ֪֮ĳЩš
κ֪ϣҿҴ򣡡־ױͺӣֵŽ裬ȻŭڵıҪˣ־εĽ˵磬ܲͣһ
ʣȥּҵԲܶ־˱̨˵ιҲһΣ
ܿһ۽ûҪӦ˼ûбҪ
־ñӶˣһڿּ
ȷûҪֵܶ˸ʺսɱУһһǾĶ֣۵׷Ź⣬һգգĿܣӪȻͬѰССͣҿܲ¡
΢΢һ޲ǸṦܺõİô̫ڹǰεĿޣٳ衣
ʵṦҲٲ
Ƕ˱һΣ۵ԾԾԣҲһͣǴܴ˫۾ڶţײա
ο޵նȲϡ
áܵӦ£һ٣ƯˮӹһĨǣͷ˵޿ɲһǱҪǿЩ
浽̫ӣ֮İ
˸պãСЩѵˡ
лһůɫ͵ĵͷԼ˵ģΪ
̨ϣ޴ңңԣ˽ֳֳˬۡ
Ƴϵİɫ£˼ջߣߵߵӣʵⰵܿأ
ôôʣ˵ְأոǿְҺ
֪Ѱ¶棬ãңֻǰҪǵ÷ִ磬̫ۣѱ˼ޣġ
һ˵µ໥ƺŰƺƫܶһЩΪ˭ãһ䡣
ô룬һͷ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôһС̫ͻȻҴҵ£Ӻͳ¼ҹ棬˵
磬üͷ΢¸㡵Ĺϵãּĵһ棬³´󽫾Ϊӣ¸ȴͻȻһʵ˳Ծ
һԵĽüͷû˵
ǽɡε
˺ܿ㱻˽ʱ̨֣ã¸פ㣬ͣһ˲ܿŲˡ
㡼̫ӵ££¡¸΢΢ϵı鼫乧͸¶һ˿˿ĳϿҡ
Ŀ⵭ɨ۵׷ɿӹһĨͣȴֲ¶ֺǿѹסɣʼ֪´кҪѰ
Ǽͷ¼ദģǼּҴֵĲ飬ٲϰŤֻ̬Ϊмֲ֮
¸˫һľУͷ˵֮ǰУ빫ºͶһ϶ʵ޶۸Ѱ龩ǵһԸڹ
ǡҡҡͷûס࿴۽üãССоɫ֮ˣ־׺ͳ¸㡷׷ΪǶзǷ֮룿
¸μĳӣΪ˰רһˣòһ㡣
ߴһֱĬջأ˵⵹ǲˣұ޽̸ֺ϶
δƤӵԽˣڼ֮Ըߴվñֱ¹רΪǲգԵСˣ°ɣȨһӡ
ⷬ˵ֱ׳һʱн֪˵ʲôźá۹ǹ˽Ǳò٣ȴҲûĹϵ׽˵ز
ϲģֻж硣
ʲôʱ¹ӵĹϵ׽ˣĵĿʵԺãύҲĳˣ佫ǸʱµĹء
һͣü˵ҵĲҵͷ˳ͻȻҪʲôòף
ûвףȻԷǱ˰ɡǡʱܴӱ̨ɿĿдŨŨĽ䱸
ϢδƽȣųָȴϸĿǰƺʱԳ֡
¸㡴һĨЦһֻǡ
֪ãǲֺãҲȻɿڸı̬ȣʱգ¸Ծ벻ףˡ
ҪһԸǮǸλӣֻҪҪһȥƫƫȴЩ޶ã۵ֻһνá
ãǣ
ȻǼõģҵҲҪ˾Ρԥ
¸ЦЦ˵ֻǸ˵ڰӪȣЩһΪգû뵽ѻָǽ˳Ծ
ɨܵ˫ȣлһĨɫֲһӪʱȻδָԭڰӪû
ڰӪĻУŲ֧£ǽ벻
¸̧ܵ˫ۣЦպҪСЩϰ֮˵˫ȣʱɱ˫ֻҪҪ
вȭͷŽʵָֹסףһյĳ·ֳǰʪĵУ˰ţӲ߶˫ȣѪ죬ʹ̹ǡ
ԭνսѳĻԡ
ܡɫ죬дѯʣܴ»ްҡҡͷȴڵС´֪δ̫ˣԶԶòġ
ҲǺ⣬αƽϣ۵״ŲмֻһūŰˡ
ūţ̧Ŀγƽֽ֪Ϊ¶֪ǷҼѵǶ̶̼ձ㽫ϵ游Ժ󣬴ֿǸúú÷˼ΪТˡ
㡭΢΢㵣ȴٸŽ磬Щˣиˡ
˵ԥתԱߵһۣͬǣ׷ȥ
˶ɫŽתʱ̧ƳְܵϣɫŲĵ׿һ£æȥ֡
ܽİϲֲüȵ㵲ʲô֣
¡СŲ۵ǲһ˿ɥ
ǰɫðɫ˿˼ΪƯĻͼ·ֻԼ¶һ롣
ûѪû˿ڣΪƣ̲סʵûʲô
ˡܵͷ仮Ľۣ۵
޵Ľܷ㿪ļʱûƣ˿ȴնϣϸֱ治Ǻܲˣڵͳɤжһ˿ί
´һ޵飡
أŻ۰ԣͷʵѵ㻹
ܷɿķϣְӻˣֻ
۵һƬãӮˣôһ۶
лҪ˵С˷ѽ⣬Ӯˣˣ
Сҵˣ϶ˣ´Ҫ
ޣˣú룬˭ 

035

߳ŵʱ, ܿúܽǶ, Դոյ, ʱСְ·, Եøǡ
, ߿첽ɿ·, һͬʱܵԽƣԶһЩ, õ㡣
䴽Ц, зִ硣
ʲôִ磿һ, м䣬ֵּѫӵҲ㲻ý, ȥ㽫ִһ, ִ󻹲㣬ֶžܾ, ȫּҵڽŵ¡
־ּΪ, ־ȻĬҲһһǰ涼ϸ, ޷ðԴ
磬־ر֮ˣдԣǺ޵ġܵݹȥһĵ񣬴¶ǳǳЦ
ϲ¸㡲ŷ߶ȥǷ̫Ӵ棬û뵽ƢĶҲˡ
һҲһ̬ȣֵΪԾɲպҵĹϵ͸úúõˡ
бһۣҡҡͷ˵öԣʱҪִ磬ҪĳЩ̫ݡ
˵ζĿһܣĿӹոµİɫһİȻðġǣ³һﶨȻʲô˵ܡ
зִģգգۣסֱۣ˵Ƕ㣬οòãøһֱŶ飬ƻˣȥҵɣ
һüۼ仮һĨڣʽ˼ȴǱŶ飬ŵ㳹ס
ãӦм¶Ҫ㣬ճ¸㡺־׶ڣҪǧСЩ
˼ǡͷ
ߴһĨЦּ¼ڳж־׸Ǹ¸㡴棬յΣǻΪ롣
ʥϡ٣ǴΨһĹҲΪܳãӻӣһҵΪǼҫδʮڶʥ費˥
ּ¼Ҫһ޷ǰ򵽰ϣǾҪǽϻǷӦˡ
¸˼ؼ֮ǰδչֹֺߴд⣬ȴĴεʾã˵ִ붫ʵھϲ⣬ò
ͷӦ۳¸㡶ʾöùίߣֵּܵΪͣʵΣ̹ˡ
ͣ½Ų۵׻һĨǣûнй׵ĹأܶŮ£ѫ󳼣ĸڣĻֻиܹ
Žն԰۰ȴһһӵɽƿĵһס
̾˿ḧͷҲСˣѡظѾڿǣּһǳ¼ңʲôȥΪøᣬǱ־롣
ţҶġգգۣɵӦˡ
ܽһڶУ鶸ȻиѹһʯͷƵĴףҪʼ
־ǿиɣʵݰһ־ĮȻȤκģª⼸һϹ£
ڳ¸㡣ݶ˼죬¼Ҹǣܹ࣬ڻϵƤӵƿشԹҲǰĽֻһҪնڽ£
˽ʣָ佣ۣ׻һĨ
⼸˾ҲФ빫̫ˡ
.
ҹɫ䣬ҡҷ
⼸նڳıԺ飬Ի˽ͼֽнѡ˼ĿԺ˳Ρ
Ժеķһ⣬Ҫҵ漰ɣֲĶˣھ֮ʵףȻʱīѾڲٰ죬Ȼòġ
īں̶ܴϴң˵ѡȻɿվ赲Ȼкܶ˸ı⣬Ͼô˵īҲֻһӣ޷̳򸮵İҵ
ѰʵķӣֻнһˣҪԺֱ޻̸֮
һ飬˼ȴ棬üͷһţȷûкʵĽ취Ҳ
ϣ˫ۣ°ͣҡҷ𷢴
ܡͻȻڻ
ְڡһӣЩƮýЩϰߣ˶٣ʵڰӪʲô飿
ֻǧģһЩӴɣܵͳڴ𣬡ֻҪʶּɣڲࡣ
ֻЩϻ㱳˱ѵǰӪڣԴȵʵ
ǡ
ѧΪΣʵڣƤӱһǰļٴθͷ
ǰգϴŵģƺǾеۡѵӾ
Ծ߬ϵĽ׷ʵ㣬Ӿ
ܵͣԭ㼫ΪټдŵĽţԽԵóۣʶķϵǣҴδ뿪ֻֻѧȤѡ
ܵͷ۵״˼ֲ֮ǰսɳսΪ¼ϴԩȴδǹδΣգЩԵĹػƫ޷ŲŲ
Զߡ
ֻȤôһ۵ַЦ⵹Ҳǣµİô࣬вͬƫãǽҲԺʱɺã
˵Ц˵ȴǰһ˵ӲһҪĶˣֻҪʶֶ˳Ϊʦ
ǰˣԺķӱף֪ʶԨǼ汸ѣȽڵѰգҲ̫Ƕ磬һϳ
粩ѧţ̳һѧӣѧӹֵ֮壡
ԽԽ˷ܣģĵְһæҸôлźأ
ܵԴЩ£ֻһƪѣǱףֵ佱һ˲䣬ڻɣǲǶ̫ƫЩ
ұɣʷҩ侭顣ѧЩҶԽ̣ѧʲô䴽õʵ
ԭࡣ
ܴ΢΢üۼһƬᣬ˵ƾ
Ǻðɡ㷭һ飬ֻɨһۣСϱЦ۵ǽҿʼˡ
ع𣚣ں֮ޡŮӺϡͣգգۣ˵֪ʲô˼
վڴ⣬ŵŽʣ۵ãȻ
仰˵ˮˮޣõŮӣõӣЦе˵պϲĹݡ
¡ģְһͨ죬ƴҪ͸ȴֲ֪ô˵ڣһӵôܣôϲĹأ
۵׺Ц˵һ䣬Ů֮֮ã˼˵ҹ˼Ľ׷һ
ģɫͨ죬΢΢һ˿ίͻţ²ģְÿնҪֵ˵ֵҪϰ䣬ģְûʱ䡣
ЦϣȻ                        
лҪ˵СҼסˣ˵ûʱ̸

036

ڶһ, Լ뷨˵ˡ
ԺǸߵѧ, 漰ƾ, ĳֻΪİ, ܹлʶ, һ֮ԺķӵҪԨĲŻ
Ҳ˿, ܿȥŴ£Ժ֮󣬵һӶȻҪ籸õ, ̵ֽǻü
һֱͷ֮󣬽, ϵ˯߶ࡣ
, ˰Ĳ鶼˳űãв±伮, Ⱥµļױ
дů, СǱ߿һۣʵ⼸ôûܣ
ÿնܿӰ, ⼸պЩ, ɵмƣʣ˭֪ͷֵС̫ȴҴҵ˽
, ˣھͷС̫дһ˿š
ĹϵôãǾһܴ֮죬ĸؽ˾ĥڶûзų
ͻȻݵʵ˴һ
һʱͦʵģϴγϦҹ磬û½ҵǰμӣûڡ
ǶҲûָͽ⣬иڣҪ¼档
ɣ룬˵㣬ȥݲ衣
С̫ԶԶȥ˼֣Ǻȴɲӯӯһա
ôпյĿƽĶ˫дż롣
ϵЦݣе˵ʲôǰЩ˲£˹ֱ˼ⲻǸпձô֮ܲô֡
лֱ˵ͺãΪʲڣҶˣס
ں󹬺ΪԭĸðΪڣŮҹȥ
ϵЦһͣ۵׻һĨŭܿȴƽȥڵԲ٣գȷͽġ
֣ĹŮ̫ǰƿ貵鱦λεۻ
˲£˾Ѿõ˽ѵҲ˵Ǻ֮ףǻΨһŮֻǺϲܰģ֪Σ
ĵˣذɣֻҪ㲻ڣʾͺܰġ
ϵı鳹׽סȭĻ¹γһۣȻϵˣɵ汻һСŮܾȴܲˡ
һˣ޳ȥպܲ빬ҪɫĵУ
Ǿܾˣǿŭ۵׻һĨ⣬׳꣬պ󻹻иĹӣȺţҲúúΪԼδһ
󹬳֮⣬ϲ̨Щ꽪ȴδйǣں󹬿˵Ǻ̡Խĳ谮һλʾãеĸ־ͻ䡣
䴽ЦˣȻĸˣҲỤңû˸ʵĳ谮һ磬ںԶò˱Ϣ
㣡ֱŻѪƫƫҲκһܹĻ
ӽ汻Ϊ̫Ӷ֮꣬λܶҡȻ⣬жӲϣһ޳ӵȻгһܵ»ӣұסʲô
ȻˣأǡɫŤתĹŮ̫ȥ
հѲݺöȴֻƳıӰʱ㶣費֪Ǻá
ֶһϸϸһڣ̧˵ȵȣǱ͵ƫȥܡ
һ㶣Ƶķ²豭ü۲ԾȾЦ⣺꣬л
£⡭ЩΣȰȴֲ֪˵ʲôǵһֱɶ£ˣδѹǣȴԽͬ˼ֶͬʱСҲȫ¶˳
ˣΣֻҪ¿ľǺõġ
գգۣһ߷ŰڳĲ飬һ˼⣬˵ΪʲôͻȻҺͽ⣿֮ǰû
½ң½ϴڳһְ൳˵ķأʱʶò࿼Ǽ֡
ڸû֮ǰ񲿺ʷͷӣҪϹΪҿ֦ɢҶ빬ϸѡ˱죬ʷҴ
Ʋ˵ȷмſĵ
ǿ˻ϵ⣬ЦЦ²صģȻٶƣҲǻỤġ
ҡҡͷԪڿ쵽ˣû´ĻΪԪڡ
Ԫڣһ漴Ȼ򣬡ÿԪڣ϶źŮȥŹչȼѽڣΪ˱㲻ˡֻǵ£Ⱥȥ϶ֻһˣĪǽҲȥ
Ҳɣʺλô꣬빬ȻǴ˼ģ길ʴȥںȻֻλҲͬλ
ڸʶֻһС£ڰУܹվڸߵŮӣмĸµ˼
ʱܹͽ⣬Ϊøʴǣͬȥ
£ĬãͻȻ˵ʵˣо仰˵ûʺ˺ܶ꣬ǹ뿪ʹӣضǿӲʺȪ֪Ҳֻ
ˣӡţµСȾϼֲ͵į˿űֹסۡ
ǰ½ȻӢ䲻ӣҪôոǿºպսҪôŸ߰˶󸹬۹𣬲ȻϺλ¿ɲġ
ܶȻͣ½Ųϸָ䲹õ·ϣԾıҡ
ŮӺϣƹõĹ֪ӵĿ⣬ֻҪԸеӶΪǰʳѰ
ɣЦһ£׼ˣ֪ҵĹʺʱѡַһѡֵĺõط
ֵģ°ĵűˣϿֻôһ
£лˡ˽ǰһ˵
ԶԶسſڣͷͳְܣлͲ衣
ôԶ񣬽ʱˣ
һվǰվñֱֻɴԴ˿۵׵
ͻȻܲϲ⸱ģΧһȦͣǰԴ΢΢ȥ۾üƯСյǰ
⧲˫ӽԭزҶͣԺֻʣһƬհס
޵ڱǶˣܱ򣬷ɿƿߡ
˼ʵݴú𣿡
´͵Ĳܺá
Ǿڶң϶ܣǲǣ
ܶ˶٣ְҡ
ǣüСлҪ˵
ܹչȥ򴽣ֳ̧գ󵽱Σŷ߷ߵܣѧˡ
ܽСĹĵģƯˮҲŵɴ󣬲ɫͫĶ
ܽŲҶ᲻ԾĹ˹Ȼһۡ                        
лҪ˵Сշݳ谮ǩա
PSδҲҪţĿǰֻǶ̫СԵأһ㶼ûʶԼʲô⣬ˡǺǣŽСᶾ 
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, 㿪ײȴûС
վ, ˶ܽ, , Ҹ, һģʱˡ
ȱԻȱ㴩, ⼸㾹Ҷűһ˵ֵ°, ŬԼԵø׺ݣС˵, ۸ͬ, ˵ǲѱУ
ȷ⼸Ƿֵֻûǰ, ܾЩʲô
ְҡܵͷ, žҪ¹񣬽̧żȥС, ¹Ķ㽩ס, ϥǰû䡣
ҲСϰ䣬̼ȣ⶯Ȼͣ¡
бһۣߵ𣿶¹, ˫ȲŸպþͲҪˣ
ְ֪ܵͷϺЩȣոձǱ̵һ֮ǰۡôеӲ
ݣϰ꣬ûһ˿׸⣬ԲֵʣӲģȲ
ЩȻܷѾ
ΪʲôңƱҪʳʱֵǿȥˣӷϢ˵ˣûе鵱ֵҲûйҪ
Ƴһۣûֹ˵ȥ
飬Ŷأϳβסֻܰѧ廨ѧÿء
Ҳˣ廨Ǻ⣿µĿͷְ䣬۵ȾЦ⣬ֵҿ
εƿ֣ǲƣᶶһö뵯ָɳɹһͷƮļͷ
ҵͷһʹļ׵ָǰð
ޱջߣ廨룬ǰ

ȻһۼҲˣоȣ۵ȾЦ⣬廨붼á
¼ĹŮֶһһҪƶѣû뵽ܾȻ·ϧԼѧ֡
ˣԺ󲻱䴽˵ٺãҲ£ͺأԺ
鷳ǣְܴպӱСĵġ
͡һЦ˳ģôСģպ󻹻᳤أ¼ٶ׼
ű˱ܵĸ߶ȣӡǰȸʻҪЩֻܵǰ
ϵļ˿վǰ˿˵ֻǳۣ͵ˣǲٳˡ
֪
.
ԪԽԽҲԽԽ
δ빬ǰ֪ƫСŮȺȥ꣬ҲֲѴΨһСƤš
ÿԪڣǣǸۼʵСŮվڸ߸ߵĳ¥ϣĵС
гһգܹЯվڳ¥ϣܾаպ͹ŮעĿٹ⣬Ҳ½ұõλá
ӴһƳղʵĻ»޳裬οʥӢ׳꣬ʺλþԶš
֪Լкܶʱ䣬ǣȲˡ
빬һ겻ܻõٹ谮ĵڶ꣬ꡭʮ꣬õϣֺã
һС̫Ż裬첽߽˵УӻֽźĹ˶˳ȥ׼ˡ
©üһ̲ס
ʵ̫ƫһÿչʺҲ˿òһϴ̽Ѿŭðա
ģ⺮µĹ·нˡС̫˵ţ»裬ת뿪˷䡣
һ͵߬Ⱥõ࣬½ңҪһٹ⡣
˭Ҳ赲
ƽйȥһֱУ治ϴϢ鵹Ҳɡ
ȹЩӿԺͬʱʼ죬Ͷֱеæˡ
£ū澸ո˵԰һ÷ʢлɫ꣬Ũ㣬лһĨ죬ǾùȤҲȥմ֡
ɻ÷Ϊ÷ͺ÷ۺɫ÷ϡЩȴҲǼֻɫȴδš
ūҲúأ԰Ǽ÷궼һʱйɫŶϸĵش¯˳ƽ£кЦǱȥưɣҲǼȤ¡
߹һĹ·ٹһ԰
˵еٵ÷԰հٻ㣬԰Ҳ̫һξһ÷׺䣬ԶԶȥҲƯ
¯ƽʯ·ϣ󿴿ƣĿĶǺ׶ɫЩˣʸС
˴԰ûѰνĻɫ÷üͷ϶˺˵£ū澵Ĵū澲ǡ
޷ҲǳߣűˡЩʧȴҲδϣɺţߵͤʱЪš
ʱϴ㣬͵̧ͷƯˮЦţʢ˹⣺ƣǻɫء
ϡļɫ÷һ÷Уȴ˺ӲãŶ񣬿첽ȥ̨׵ʱһ͵ǰȥ
£
һɫӰȴһӹȵĽڻ
ĶͷǰС·Ͼµƣֻʶץ°ڣԴκĻЩãȻ
ǱЩʹ죬ĪЩίܵôһӲģһ㶼
״ʹдԥİĴվȵ˫ɽؿļͺ󱳡
ͤӾ̨׺ܵͣҲܰǺˤĿܣʱȴһġ͸ı
۵ӹһĨâյ԰载໨ľҲѩ̨ϵıȻΪ֮
ܣдίǰܼܸܵԼ˵ʱ𶯣˫Ǵһ㣬÷ٵĵȴôŲˣ˫ֲ˲Сۡ
һСĽˣʱһĺǳ⣺ܣڸʲô
߼ϹӹԶԶƿ֣ܵ׻һĨŭ⣺ôģؿѧ
߶ˣɶ
ϻؼҲͰˣСպܻŮ֮ͣ˫ֱּǲҪˣ
磬½ǣȴֲҰ󲿷ֵתƸԶԶǿ׳ǲСЩȫҪˤڵϣµģΪ˾ҡ
򴽣׵СľһţƵѵʹ
ʹɨһۣ׵ǰȥ˳ȥ̫ҽ
һѸ뿪԰ܵͷյ˫֣оȱʲôƵģҲſտ
ҪŲء                        
лҪ˵ߣǣ㣬㲻ãס
׼ʱ£˵õļӸ

038

, ů硣
, ױͿҩ, ˿˿ʮ, ֻҪ㲻ʹ, Ưˮﻹʢһۡ
·, ֻǲС˽ţЪһʱգֻҪŵ, ܿͻȬ̫ҽ˵
ԷģüͷԾɽ, õ, ԰ʲôɫ÷ֱ޻̸֮
ȷеģ, ۿ, ǵǻɫŨ˱ǣѰ÷ζͬ, ˵, ֻδϸлè塣
¾õ, Щϸ룬Ҳܲ³˭ٱֽš
ʹȻûıĵӣԪվڸδˡ
һʵѵ˵
֪ǰϣҲֻƢˣȻЩȴӲҶԻӺ͹֣ѵξ˵죿
ż÷֦߽ɫɫСӦòۡ
䵭ɨһۣĿշǼŻɫĻϣͬʱǶ˴Ũҵý˾ЩǺǡ
ۣߵ䣬澾һСָ϶ʱȾһƬơ
ˮݣƬ̵ĹбʣһƬĿĻƣ÷֦Ļаֻɫĺۼֻʣ¼䱻ˮʪĺ÷
ĿƽĴһУ˼õȾϵĵط࣬ۡҴδŵζڵ۷м¼пǹдġ
˵ûǴӹдģò顣׻һĨ⣬ԭΪ֪»ĵĸ߸ʣû뵽侲ǵķȥ
ͬͻȻƵġ
΢˵ְ̨׽һЩʯĩԣζҲȫˡ
ʯƱķӴӸʱڱüͷ֪ҲǴʯ𡣡
˶٣˵ˣ磬ʯǹﻹǹ⣬ƵĶϽܲ鵽Ҳ޷ָϣȻе֣һĺܸɾ
һʧ߳˵ģҶһ
磬һˣ׵Ľףüͷݺݵ
˵Ҳ潿ȺµĹˣĹټĵǱҲӦţС󼸺δ˵ʹЩ˭֪һҭ˻ȥ
ɫÿ˵԰ֻɫ÷ʱ׸һƬ
ձԪڣж㣬ƴǡһһȵĹǴ£ҪھеİǰŽǲÿ
ȴִҪȥϽǵĳžԶϣҲʲô
ҹɫѽˣŴƻͨһص̫ӳ۰Ͱ͵ĵεˣæǰұȥ
ûϳ¥ģԭܱȥû뵽־˿ڣǴ̫ܵӵ¡
ҡҡͷܾ磬̫ӣȥʣа档
ʲôѽССͻô࣬潫ϱɨһĽף˵̫ûҲĴ磬˵ˣָԶܿʲô
ϻشͻȻ¸ܵĶ԰˵ǷȻǰٰ㲻Ըȴ˼Ķ࣬ɲΨһˡ
治ɷ˵Ľ䴽ͷһܺͺ⣬˵ҲɣпƯء
ȻƯһֻôһΣ˵űͷ˵̱ǻȥ棬ȥƣ룬ȹϣǻ·ȥ
ҾͲȥˣ룬ȥȥֻǧСЩ
Ҳ֪С嵽״ʲô⣬һԴɱģбȻ붯ǱСʧˡ
ȻȻȲܣȴҲʲôµġЦ˵Ǿ䡮ܡ鲻Ծĺ࣬΢΢
Ȼǲġ
ϳ¥͸tԶԶֻ̧Ŀ֮ƻȼ΢ĸ£һһɢŹâҹϵǺӡ
ļֶ׺˵¥µİҲŵƣʽСһɫʮƯ
ȵ˾죬¥еİ¹򣬸ߺꡣ
ѼΣȴԾɱţһη·ĲͬǲµСΪ˸ʣΪԼԺԸվΪЩʲô
ߺƷҹգ΢ԽƮԽԶ׺ڵҹա
ͷеӳŵƹ⣬âʥ
ԶԶţĿ˵ȹĴܸ֣վҪһġ
Ϊ˽ϻ壬Ϊ˳̫ƽΪǧǧĴ
ʣһ֮Ǿټ֮ĻҵˣûСѵ
֪ʵĹǣڳл̫֦ҶôѾޱïʢձ뱣֤վͬһսϡ
һεļģȻԸҹ衣
Ц۵׻һĨļȻܹǰ˵˼ȻүҲһ̵Ĵڡ
̽ôϧȨģ̽
ϣɡյ૵
һڶУʹȥ
ǰʱûϵⱲԽҲ˲ֻǲ֪һ游׻ôѡ
ҪôīҪôΪҵж
ҹվþδԽӣֻһˣܸıĶޣˣҲҪһԡ
ĵ֣ж㣬ֻͽա
û뵽ս㷢汻ʽĻ׺ˣС̫æ£ⶼǶĻƣ˵Ǹơ
أһʵ
ͷ»Ȼȥˡ
Ӧ£ӹΧƯĻƣϹճǳǳЦ˶٣ʵƣ
ơãūȥæ˵ƴǹĶУ²С׹ĸ˵Ժӣܲý
ЩСȥ鷳ˣɣⶫѡ
˵ţ㿴ܴӹ߽һδƣƵıֽƺһơ
ˣЦȾʢ˵ǧǺӣô֪Ҫ
ãӦǻϲ
Ҳƫյ޷õƣһ͵͵ȥͷͰһȼŷɣֻʱԸȴǲɶԵŮ⡣
͵
ллܣҺϲ䴽СƣָźչŻӡ
óϲܴһԣǿ࣬۵մȾһƬã
ʱӿֵļУδЦ
ܣһԸƺģƽУЦ˵ģһš
СĴ˻ӣĵоȼŵƣĻ⣬ϸֳ˵Ц
Щ㱣֪һġ
ֱ֣СϴŽ˷ܣŷȻԸ
ҡҡλεķ˰գգգۣ۾ϵԸ
һԸѪƽ˳죬ԸصޣԸ¼¥㸲ԸܿͨԶߡ
ճ񣬽˸ţʵʲôԸˣ
šӦ
ԸֻԶЦֻٽһЩ
ٽһЩͺá                        
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039

ҹ, ڵҹ£ĵһƬ
ɢů, , ž̵졣
ӰԶ, һź´, һȴǱӦĽգĦŰɫ, Ŀϣٳδ
ԥʲô֮´ϤżЦ, ȴûɫ˵ӹ, ص, Ҫ̫֡
εҡҡͷ̵ӣ̾˿¼С뾩ˡ
еĶһ, м¼ңʱܹʹע, ҲΨձȨĽ
ʱ뾩üͷ΢۵׻һĨɫ, ¼Ƿв֮, ر͸ΪӵԾֻǿϧˣ佫ľƳƲϸӣ˵Щ򵥣Ҳݼ, 
¼ּභ꣬һκһ֣һڶʱھͻѸͣþ泬ƿأ佫ѳٳûʿѪҺˡ
ܱ߾̫ƽս£¸㡴ʱ뾩Ϊ⣿벻ס
ʵ¼ҶԼ̳˵пᣬϿɲҪˣ´󽫾ֵܣҲδϽᡣ
޼ǵãĵϷ˵һؿ޵ȥ˵Ҳ֣¼ҵô࣬һһҲá
ҡҷִ£˵¼̾꣬ǵ˺͸кο
ɨһڰƵ̧֣һӣ˳ưѰӷ£һȻ֮ǰһֱˣĳ۸ӣ佫ҽ֣ĸãȻع˰Ӫɱ˫ۡ
̾һɫΣܿʢеĸµѾͣͣȨ磬ȴҲεֽš
¼뷴лᣬּȺçǱ˻ҪǮԽԽͷۣӪĺҲӪ׼
ɫ΢ָԼ˼߲ͨˣ΢ͽ³ǽ
Ա佫ȴҲвĳУӰӪһ·Ȼ˺ѵһӣȻʱգܹͨӵ޼
Ϊܻһ⣬Ͼ츳书Ҫͨ鲻⣬û뵽Щ
ǷһȴҹΪҪһй¶ݣ󣬵ȴôˣн㻤ڣʹĹҲܱһ
ǷµѪծһİֻء
ȵǸСӣüͷݺݵûܵһˣȻǴӱģ̫ҽҽտͷˡ
΢΢ףӦ츳Ͳ书΢ԴڣϾñм
㵹ŵúܡдųȴȻ
ƳһۣɫԽѿǱսûͨȻֲϣʵʵ̳ͽʹһЩҲڱ˷ϵ
ЦӣϲǴˣ˵ĻѾ˵ˣ̲
ʱιһӰ΢΢ζڰ˵ϣߣ̨ϵԴѾ̫ҽȥ
Цһеӣ֪ˣ˾ͺúţˡ
Ҳ˭ģʼϵӣżЦʳڣߣߵ˵޵Ըǰģ뵱֮ϧ׷޴򣬶һ⡭
ϵЦݽȥڵ˭ҪԸͺá
ֳΪ̫ӣһջ̳лλȻǽԼұ֤Ϊʵۺֵܶܽһ
ڽߡǰδϣϣеĿ£ýЩ
һֱ˻ţֺγԸüЩ
ڻңЩɼ޷ӱܡ
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ΪƵԵʣһ˯ṳ́ʵ
ڶʱ̫ѵң˳У͸ϴ硣
ҹĻƴ˼Ưİڵڣ״Ȥϵ֮ˡ
£ʢ࣬С˵˵ҹߣˤһӣԴ
ڲûжˣŵùģ˵ɺСмˡ⺮£߶Ѿˣôܽ
ʹļп֣ܳɻʹӾô࣬ҳȻֵģֻ˺͸ˡ
ʲŲôɵİ취ֶԴ֪࣬º񡭡ĪǾµ֣
̫ҽô˵̧ʵǰùһĸСܳȥܵðƺ
̫ҽ˵ܾȣҪڹúţһǶˡ
ûʲôҪһĳ׷Ż˶ݲùţСе˸ǰ
Ľ׻Ҫһӣж㣬ʱʱţʲôҪɨһۣĹȫ˳ȥ
ҹ£ǿ֪Сʵ
ŽȥһֻǶ磬Ժܵ˾ţһ׷Ȼ鷳ˡ
лһĨãȻʶİ˰棬ϲֵܡ
ĿȥֻܵͷӦˣԥǶӵģɱְײˡ
ֱһ㤣ϴκԥĸһˮһļһ㣬ȻֱϿñӡ
빫仰˶ģֱǻˣ
΢ɲ̾˿ڹ߶꣬Ӽ׽ˣȻܳ裬ҲֻһСأһ֪֮ûС
磿˶٣ԾɾмֲţظǶ֣
ǡܴ֪ԽַǳΪ˽թֶݣǱǰӡ
ҪԶ룬ҪεĻԶֻһˡ
Զֵκ
Щ㱣֪뵽ǰһЩ£ԭΪԶºĶ֣Ҳ˵һ棬ΣΪ
֪ˡૣʱ˽ŲϤ𣿶ˡ
һ˵߱Ŷ룬۵״ЦᣬԽĽףеô
öأЦ˵ô໨ƣƯл硣
ܺ£˭Ͻȴת֪ˣ
֪ϾҲƵĹܶѣűܴƣԸֻ߰û뵽ܵĶ졣
вãȴչ¶Ƴܣʵôúݶ𣿡
Ŀڽϣгһ˿񣬰ƣǱ۸˶Ծڱ֮١
߲񣬸˸ģʧȥΨһá
ģ磬գգۣЦ֪綼Ϊ˸ұ𣬰Ųǣֻзգи֪ˡ
ֻǳԾû͸֣ȴǾãҲж񱨡
ʲģ˵˼͸ñ׼ֵǰҲûеοκ֤ݣֵǰ
лһĨ⣬԰úܸɾΨһܹ׷鵽С̫ѾʧˣҪָ֤֮ѡ
ϵùϣᡣ
ľǣϲ۸ˣ´ΡߣһԴĿɨܣԾԽԽ˳ۡ
ûԼһУһϡ
üͷ΢ϸӼܵһ濪ʼʱգһ׮׮һĵӶδ̫ЩѰİĸҵ״
񴦴ڸԼԣȴάŰ
ԽԽòԾҪޱϿЩʲôܵȴصļá
磬㿴ʲôأ˳½ǣüʵĪǶãܱȰÿ
΢΢ԴüۼЦȾһƬãƴСûϸϸģ˸Ųߣôܸһªȣ
ž̻
˵߲ͬĵһۣԥĽҴܵĿɱ֪ҹȥɲһ˫۾ܿġ
˵߱޵ҧгݣϵһǴӰӪİڹܣЩ£ʵǿɶ
֪һҪܵ𷣣ݺݵ𷣣
ܶʱסţȭͷ߬һšıΥҪôҪôԶıϳȥ
ȷǷԸ⣬һһٶعأƵƵصİߡ
Ʋס۸һһԡ
ûʧְܵͷҽţȴҽͷֺ
ء
䴽۵׻һĨҲǧء
㵽ڻߵɫԽĲÿҪ֪պ󻹻ᴳĻ
ҡŽߵֱֺۣõЦЦûлѽ磬ȷĴұ۸˲ˣҪȥŻ
бһۣԵĲš
û뵽ҲŰұأײһҶΪҪ¶أգգۣɵˣŲƽء
㡭ˣԴۣȴֲֻԼݺݵĵһܲա
ʹ˸ɫܸȥЦеŲأƣ籣ܳꡣ
ԸоȣƣʲôʱСˡ
ǹģֻһЦһء
ɫͣûپܲţ˿
ֵȰ˵ҲǳԺ⣬ܶԣЩͬģĻԸ⻤š
˽ߣ裬ſ°ͷ
ֺЩˣǰºȴܾм룬ȴԸΪֽѵ
֪תǺǻŶΪõģǸʹһžǡ
֮ͨ󣬽ܽ˽ü䣬ϾĶţ־һΣôлѽ
кżЦ˾ʮ׽һ˲Щ㱣ҹƾЧô
ְһУͳڵ𣬡ΨȴҲǹġ
ЦЦСҲŲҪأҪˣҪԺֻҵĻ
УסˣҲ˵ߣ;뿪˭ڶС
ǣǳǳĻȣüૣ¡                        
лҪ˵ܣ㣬룬
ҲҪҪ
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˼ǣУøģ𣿣ɵСӣ

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Ԫڹ, תůһҲָ˳̬
ѿʼﱸ޽, Źʼ, ߵķ仹û, ۡĹȴΪ, ˸ᵡֺ
ͬʱҲ쵽, 綨λȫ̽񲿸
ԼǵýĴп뿼ףģй¶, ׷һ˼ŭ֮ն, пɼȫ, ʷ׷˺һӡ
ؿƣīԪǵһμѻ, ڽһѧ, ԽԽ㣬Ϊ˴ܶ׷ġ͡ӡ
ҵûǣ׵İ, ȻҲῼô˳, ڶе˸ȥ
ü۵ʹĵŴ÷֦, Ľѽ·⣬ǲģҪЪղźá
£ӵˡ
ϴβסϲɫȻӣʱģҲֻīһˡ
̴߱˵ǴһСкҲ֪ôˣЩӶˡ
·ģūСһָĲоء
ǾͺãЦЦīһ˫΢΢һۣæ磬ǵÿսˣһţƳˡ
߼ҪæŶ츮ۡˣҪȥ鷿飬йԺӹȴ˵ˣ͸úúţһŲòġ
ȷ˺һӣСʶֵŮٶˣǽ鷨ϷΣ±ʺҲû
˵ϷӾûʲôɴڣҪˡ
ܶڹѧʶܿݣҲδ飬鷿ȥͽѧʿڿεĿѼޡ
˺ˣīЦĿɨĽף߼˿˿û¾ͺãӱЩˣٳҲ١
ѸСкƵǰһ䣺۾ѩǸĺӣֻǿЩˡ
ǰСкǵ˽͵˶һʱãˣѾãɫСͷ룬ͣȴСͷƵġ
ԴСкͷͨһڵϣл¾Ȱ˰Ļᡣ
ϴЩӤʣ˵ʱһȤȴڸռ治ö֣ɣС£ˣ
ѧãһ󣬡īЦЦ˵ҴǹҴԽ
һȻûǰļ϶Ҳ״ԪټҺ˵ݣδɹȻҪԽһСؤ
硭Щԥֻ־µһСؤˣö˼īȴҡҡͷЦûϵô
ȽԺɣõƣһɢŶ˵ĹâȻҪΪʲôõأ츳ϤĽ̵״Ԫһԡ
΢΢γԸõԺֻǣ࣬ʶײֻ֣ˮܣһǿ뷨ȴǳ׵ĵ߸
ǰԼƵ˷˼ϣҲ⡣
ڼ绹Ǻú׼ɣûӦ£գգۣЦ´״Ԫ˵
īЦҡҡͷ˶ӵ״ԪײҪڼǧ֮ӱô򵥵ģο³ӵܣɲֹһ
ЩҪȥһˣٽӰȥͻȻ˵
ѵİĿӰཱུСƿæӦȥȥɣģһúøġ
ǵõڽϼʱݣóüã϶ˣ͵ĺӸеģ
̲סЦԽŨָжȵСˣСӹȻЩ
ʲôƾƬ⣿ɽӸ⣿ˣнµĳľԲӡЩɶǺٳԵģǣ߱ߵ˵ѧúܿ죬ɻᱳô
عĻᱳǧģһЩ
ԽԽԶûڵУʲôˡ
ܵɫÿ޳ָ棬ָ΢΢ףʶǰȴܹ
ˣȥϢɣš˰ϵ棬ԼҲûôʧܣϾղŹ¶Сһϲý
ֹźܿҪʧˣʱ򡭡ٺ١
ˣܵӲ棬ɫֻܿ۵ײ̫õڣܷɾ衣
ֱһ±ƣǸӣ಻ꡣ
İūɱˣܵΪ䣬ǲ˵һֵͬȥصڡ
ȵȣҲȥæ׷ȥдһ˿⣬⵽ôˣһӣôٴһ㣿
ڰӪеȷǼѪȺͲ̣İūɱ˵һֶֻùܵʲôýŵģǽͷۡ
һͬϢĿ˴洫ȴıֻɵǧģм仹˺üΣǿ
дЦܼЦӣһʢĹ⣬ֱ
۵׻һĨް鲻࣬ǧȴǻģϲҲԱȰĲ
ԲӲó𣿡Сһæʵ㳢һɺóء
ԲǽһСԣָŷϵĳӣúǵصóԣŴȴֲ壬һȳɽӸڴ
óԣԥţС˵ֻǰǰҲԹ
ЦЦʵȥϣǸֺóԵġ
ǵҲطľ¥ϲ˵ĺҲֻһң˵䣬δϣڴʳоϣԶԶȲϴ֡
ǣЩǲˡͳȥͷȥҨеԲӣСʧ䡣
̾˿ʵɻǵøĸ𣿡
ƺھһʱˣΧ˶ʶ븸ĸȴ޼֪ƾճڽϵһ
ʻСĵͷҡҡͷ˵ֻǵһЩǺ󣬾ʲôǵˡ
һｫ
ܴӲ˿ڣĸԸ֮ȴǷ֮أɰȳԵԲӣҾ̫ʶĶ׷˼䣬˭֪ȴǵģ˵ҪͰ飬Ҫð١
Ǻͱ˾ǣҪ˼ҵӣͷ۵дųʧ䣬Ը⣬ˣֻڽַԡ
˵ȥСʧ䣬ȴҲ޲֣ʮƽͽĽ
ֻһʲôСӣ˷ӹյ˾ǣӸĸĳ裬Щ˴ϡ
۵ۣգ£һ⵽Ӧģĸĸһңòã
ҵ𣿡СĿںڵųɺ͵ӣˣĸòǵģ
ģһġСϴŰЦݣʱ⴫һ춯̧ȥƽʱϲĵطʵܣôˣ
ͷĬ˰ΣܵͳǱְڸ䣬صġ
ǳе£ҲûϣѵСЩ˵ˡ
ס͵ֱۣܵĸ첲ϥȥײĶӣĶȥü֡
ֱ֣ҪˣոĸСȲһţ˳Ƹһȭߴ
ȶֵģʧˣٲ񣡡ҧźȴոջ䵭˲˫Ŀ絶еĺ̵
һѹֻСһͦɰģװ۷ཱུģ۲˵СС;ͻᱳֹģٹЩӰ
û˵꣬㱻һѾŷɵٵĻԸ
ܰѽʼɣС
̵񣬵סҧгݵţ
ȵȣܿϵİɫ£мֲ̣˵ȥ·

ʹ͵·мֲԣһ·ϧýϴҪñһ¡
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۵׻һĨ˷ܣս˼֣ѵüĮļһ˼ɵ
ܻ˾£Žһ𣬽˿֦˲Ŀ⡣
һСССѾԽѱԼȫѹƣǸй
ʱ滮ֱۣܵѸٺͣõôˣ
űľ£˵Ѫɫ۵׶ʱһĨ⣬ˡ
ãĽʲôʱˣ
лҪ˵㻹ǶС
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˸ղŪĶС, ܶĿ⣬ּͻȻͣ, ֱܵ, 󵽵׷ʲô
, û°ɣԶԶ, ĿֱܵϣƳѪɫűɫ, æȥߵ¡
ĴڸвߣΪǰ˵Եʣ֮Ĺϵ缸, ȴʵʵļû˼ݡ
ΪŮȻ֪, һ, 谮ľܣȻҲʹ͸档
ܼת˵УڵﻮһĨ, ͷֱ۵˿, ɴͣ˹תķ
ķлش֮Ч, С俴ֲ, ˹αָܽǲԼӿƣ˶ñ㿴˿ˡ
̲סǰܣ֮ǰ˫˶ǿŲμӿ, ֻôһƤˡ
ܸһƵģǵǰ˲ȵȣ˲
ˣҿ첽СֱۣܵҿһƬѪյĺɫӣʱüĽˮлһĨǡ
մ·ü㣬ԱůȻǿ׳Ҳ⡣
û뵽ǴĽҲһİ·˵Ƥ⡣СĽҿѪȾ£һôĽۣײ˲
𣿡ͷСʵ
΢΢µĴͻȻ䲦ӭʵ⡣
׻ģûԹľԲӺɽӸ⣬Ҳû佱棬ɺܹİΣǸСһ
зһ˿Υ⣬Щ
һ˵ĸöá
ٳûĻӦ׻һĨȻһ̣˵صʱҲûһۣǸˡ
׻һĨۣЩ̵ֵôСģִûиִ磬պҪˡ
£ġ뷭ۣǳˣСӾǹģ˵ʲôԣһ˵Ľڶѡ
л·ǰԵʱҲûٴֲϳҪһ·˰ɣ
СṦһһĺã㽣ҲȫлܿĽ
ɶ񰡣
ۣɲǰӪ䣬Ȼǲ˵ġСİܷҩֱ࣬Ӵı⡣
̻˵ĸܣǴ촵ķ磬ӭĶҸֻһЩƤˣ۵ġ
ô᲻ۣĲͬôѪͲҪӲˣ˵ۣҲûЦġ
޿һۣ֪˻ЧԸѪ
ʱܳİͣǰ󿴿ҿںڵﻮһĨɣСʵ㣬綼ߣһǾȰǸѽ
ֹɣý̹ЦݣеһֻȻ۵׵ް
һһеУºʱйĵܵܣԲѣɫ
ƫƺر⣬۵׵ЦԽŨڽҪϵժȴһվȣӳǰᣬָֻպðϣҪϹ
лһĨΣµ˵ͣպժ¶˿ݡ
㿴գգۣЦеʵ磬úÿ𣿡
ɵĵͷӦˣںڵǸмЦ⣬ڵл˰㳤ÿүһÿ
үīǸһ˫һ۵ϲĶ硣ڽ治ļУǵãī״Ԫ׮ҫ˰¡
зɿӹһ⣬ʶĿȴ䴽ԥ統ȻÿҲƯء
ӤʵգСϴϲ㣺ȥԾԲӡ
˱ӰԶȥһ۰õ˿ڣĿɬƵֱ
ֻСӵʲôʱܹ
ԲأŽԶȥӰҡҡͷֻܣԹ𣿡
Ƴһۡ
ߣϰɣĵλ޷ҡģ˰棬дŽѾ⡣
һ˫ȭͷÿ֨졣
һܲĺӣϸϸѯǰļ䣬ѰһѰˡ
ԭΪӽµľǣ̰ܻ֮мּɵû뵽ڽôõʱ䣬û˷쳣
һĺӲ֪ж٣ǿɶ˷üͷţɫܲÿ
еǰԭԭ˵˳ʶĿܣܿˣת
±ӦǱ˾ô˶û˷֣ҵĻйٷ˹˵ҪȲ̽һȽ˷䣬е˶ҳƽ˾
˾ָʹκǸʵسûвΣֻǱ˾ڲҲͰһ飬֮
ֵ·ģְһ
ȥɣǰһʱھǣҪϤһЩοҵṦã˱˷֣ݾߵĿܡ
Ӷˣһ˵õƯ֮ǰ˵ʱҲûṦ
ǾհɡüۼһĨǣȷܸϤһЩֱۣܽȷʵʺٳȥִ
ֻܵСˣѾõòˡ
ѪôСأЦڹкúˣõµǣ½Ҿͺá
Ѿڹб˺óһʱˣֻʵʵĴţһѵĻᣬ⡣
ԥһ˲ֱӽֱϰ˿ڽ⿪ˣ¶ǳǳһѪ裬죬һ˫۵ɵԲŹ˶ãȻѺõòˣ
Ǵĵ.
С˲ʲôܵұְκ֪¼棬Щ
һֱڰֵأµݼ˸٣ΨнܵÿһȴڽңΪ֪¸ӱˡ
ȥɣѵûԳƱְȴš
ŵ̬ȣýǸˣǾͽ㣬һСġ
תҪ뿪ʲôæס
һ£ק壬ģЩ
ǿǻ״͵壡
ؿڣһʱ֪˵ʲôãصһ壬ֵܵϰʥּ¾Ȼ㽻һ
֪ˣôɡ
ĵ壬񣺡ְС
һץס˷ʳֻСӵϼңؽͻȥ빬ۣ
ǰûס࿴ۣԺѸٻЩ£ûһܶʲôвԷЩ
ֻһ˵ģ
۰Ͱ͵뿪ıӰ죬͵͵ĸ״£ǹ۵ģǰ˾·С
ǹɣǲǾЩƫѽ
ûУӦøɴ࣬̾˿ĳȻûУΪʲôҪǰĨܿɴ飬ǶҵĺӦദ
ĪЩί£ְްĨ˼ʵĽ֮£ôˡ
֪ѽգգֱۣ׳ʧ㣬ż˵Ҳ˵ˣΪʲôҪˣŲ˵ء



һ˲䣬档                        
лҪ˵ǣǣ

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Ԫڹ, ֵҲȴ
ȸǾһ֣ʼڸʱ, а, Ľȹοʱ, ͷÿ, ˳ӵ
һС˴˳, ·ϴŲͷЩɢңƵɫܿڽȺ, ûһ˿
ȸֵĽβУÿ͵ŮŮ, ǴѰ, ʮһѾͷʮÿһζȱ
ɷ˿Ϊū, ټȴ治, ڸĸŮӶյģ޷֡
вմū, г͢ҷ˿, 濴Ųȴһء
ܸսű㱻еסˣ
򡣡ܴһöӶȥüЦӭ׽˼, ֪λСҪ֣Ϊˣ
ܲδ˵˼򵥵ݣüۼȴһƬ䵭ĿӹͨԺСţ°͡
ɣǰ·ﻹס߶ţ汱ǱµһʮһСһÿˮˣС粻
СԺ֪ռܴ󣬳Ժվŵļ֮⣬ÿŵķڶв
Ͷ̫ˣ΢΢˵ֻҪµͯ
⡭ɫ΢䣬ҡҡͷߣûУµŮͯͯɶǼӣĸԸûûģš
ͻȻ֣ͣͯ
ɶǷ˳ټúܣȥңҪͯ򼸶ūʹȥҪˣӿɲЩģȰ
ܶ˶٣۵׻һĨ
ݰ˵ԼĪʮӣͯǲþĵطЩ˵ĳֻ࣬ǵһϴ̵ˣҪһܴĴ˼ҡ
֮ǰȥСУƼݵСŮټͯû뵽УҲûоֹ
Ҫҵа취ܴһӣи㣬֪
ʿˮӣôҲƭ㣬һжȻǰЩʹҲգҪȥưɡ
ȸ෴ǾǹϽΪиĵطλǱ˾Ľ磬̷İգƽʱҲûʲôˮ̡
ǰҲδȥ֣ٽȥʱֵʱϵ˲࣬ҲԶԶȸ֡
ֲȸֵһ볤鶼û쳣ʳͿջ̯λ壬Ҳûзκιеټ
ڵڽϣͻȻͯޣȴܿ㱻ֹסˣɾֻмɺܿҵڵķλ
һСԺӣͷţԺվż׳ӣһﱧͯסĿڱǣǳš
ܲҴݾߣֻܲڰ͵ԺļӺѾϰΪֱͯͣӽ˷䡣
һ˵Ǳ˵ҪʮͲ̫Ҳ̫Сɲ硣
һ˵ʲôʮǸĲöȥ˲ͺˣһʴԲܸҸˡ
λˡ
죡ʲôˣ·ȥֻԼ£ԳӱܣȴȴʮȥʣµСΪϡ
ǣ硣
Уʱ򣬼ǵôӶŷ룬Ǳߵı˾иҲСúŪ
ǡ
ˡۣб˼ͷϲ٣µȷǣʵСȻ볯йԱ
ֻûȷǷ밢йϵԼҵǵĻǰóȻ׷ʣݾߡ
ҹɫ٣СԺŵƣСǱУһ̽ȴ
̣ӿϲɫӭȥ͸⣬ڰƳһܳĵ̣Ӷб°ʹ
ôû͹ȥⶼˣ˴ҴҽԺӱʵ
еŶýֵ׼ȥһˣձȥ
׼ܵҼҴ˿ɲܵȣ˴µĿԴҴ˵ת뿪ˣڰѸٸȥ
ѲСˣ֣߼ȴԾɲ磬ܱΪС˼֣֣˲ŽһҴլ
լΧ䱸ɭϣܱ⣬ֻԶԶһۣʶļ֡
ͫ΢ԺкʲôͻȻ˽һȫѹ
̳Է˫ȭٿȻսɢԺеļ佥һƬͬˮһ㳯ӿԭЩ鲢ǿѨ磬Σзġ
ĸԸļ޸¸㡡絶ʣŭþ޷ƽϢ¸㡸
ͼıֻүݣֻǻϵһΣΪϧ/ùɽһȴС
ػһأκ˵ȨĴ󽫾ͷһȻЩ֮ƺ˽ߣԼԳ¸ĵ⣬Ըת䡭
ǰĽƺºڣ׽ѵҲӵЩ䣿
ԺдһʹԽҪףԽܣʲôڤڤֹʹıסԴںڰĽУһ㸧ƽϷӿ
һֿܣܽᷢʲô뾡ֹ¸㡣ó¼սýһ˿һĸ飡
˫ۣڵ׻һĨâĿӹԶĽͣ˸ۡԵһ
̳ԷһķĹ
ȭͷȨƣó¼ôˣҲҪǰһЩϢȥŲһˡ
ӰѸʧҹɫУ֮󣬽Ľȼܴ𣬻ƽͣΧӣҳһš
죬˰ҹɫ
ԶԶһУԺл۵ȴһĨ⡣һ죬ͬ³ɺޣᾡ
.
ƺҹɫԶŲĵ
۷磬Զǵƻͨ磬źĹҲϰݳ˷ѵ
ΧǼȻ˯ԺлеӰ񣬲к鲼Ѫʯϣ˷û
ٿһЩˣΪ˸ʵĽɽΪԼԺ󣬽¼ǿ̲ݻ
ϣƾϵĽһ㻬䣬۵׻һĨã̵֪ܹ࣬Ҳֻйݣ̹˵ֻһİ衣
ٹپǸʣĽϻ壬ûκιϵ
̻ιһӰ͵͵Ӧһ˶٣ʵǵڼˣ
Դſһ˲ѸٷӦ˵£ǵˡ
Ǵˣǵ죬򴽣ԥСʵΣô
Ѿ̲סʼԼΪʲôҪܳ£ǽȥȻ书಻󣬵곤Щͷױ۸
лһĨССΣ̫Σ޲¶ʵڵܲʮ꣬δꡣ
´һˡ
£ոǿʲôģ鵽һЩҪЩʱաдżΣѾǵµˣΣΣѾΣˡ
յֵ¿ԽԽ֣òʲô¡
ƵӦһԺв֪ô˵뿪Ļ棬ĻǴȴ˺üζ뿪ֱ¸㡷֣ݺݵذһȥ
ǰһֲΪ̽ǷȥϾʱ͵͵֣ڣһܿǰֱȥ
ϵĿ£һЩ˼飬ݡ
Щ䣬߬˱ӣ͸ɴ᣿ͷȼĻƣɫʰ쵣״ɰԪնġ
ͻȻ࣬䴽֪ģȥͷ䣬Ͷഩ
ɻϣٴϮ˯ǰԺԺţܵ书ôһ¡
ֻҪžͺˡ
.
ãŲ˱į̄ͤһ߶һϰ֣Ա˺һֽ
ģʯֻ̨һ裬ûκθ㣬һ
⼸Щۣ⽫ǵһӦȫȥٸԣƵĲˣȴֲ˼úΪѣˣʿ϶Ĳǡ
ʹļֻ߶ĸǣŷĳҪٱŶ٣ĵͶרŵ̫ҽ顣
Сϲʳո㲻ϣóȻͣˣ᲻
ʱ˿̾˿費ػˣҲȡ
ߵû߿վͤ̧ͷܵݹһֽ
ʲô䴽ְֽ򿪣ʱڲס磬˼ûǵĽ̲סˣСҧ˰ڣζӿһ˲ˡ
Եÿģܵ۵׻һĨᣬ̣ܿȥ
óԣ⻨ƬǴģǰûԹء˵ţѾ˹ĽʣµİУС棺ܰЩʲô⼸أɲܳǡ
һЩʴӣʣµİ黨ƬҲ֪÷ŵĶȥ
֪ۣȻѸ
⽫軻ˣֽֽ˵֪ͺãЩūȳȥЩٳԡ
ţȥɣĵͷӦˣĿʱʱܵģʣµǰģôܣ鵽𣿡
ףӦ鵽һЩӰ˷ס֣ǳ˸̻ͯ⣬һЩ̶ˡ
ŻȥĲ뿪ˣ䴽֣Ұɡ
Сְۣϸָ˻ΣԵøĿɰЦЦְ̧ȥ
ɨһ۱һԣƣȴǿտҲʲôûС
ҵĵأͷȻ͸˱ְ
ְȻˡ
ֱˣһĹĵģ˵˵õأ
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ϽĹĵ, ͷ΢һʱЩ, Լʮһ
ȷٶ, , һ㶼
Ŭȥ˫, еĶҡͣȴһ, °ͣС˵ųȥһˣͲ, ܣӴǰɣ
ְҡܵͷ
, ĪЩί, ΪܻúõİԼţ˭֪ȴԵˡ
˭˵㲻ң㵨ӿɴˡ˵
ε̾˿, ûɵģ, ĵİ黨ƬͻȻЩ֡
Ӳʣܶ, , ȹЩӺˣְһȥЩ
׵ĵһۣ˵ҵС壬Ҳûô̰, 㵨ӴҲŲ˵ġ
һܳҲͳˣûʲô᲻õģЩСʧ䣬Ϊܻŵġ
ͷд֣һʱײ鵽˶
̾һ׼ģʵɻ𣿡
վͲˡдίһۣƵĵͷд֡
ԥŰ쵽ǰ̯ģʣµİ黨Ƭԭԭ棬ܿСӡ
ЩҲµġ˵
һգգۣʣµĻƬУʵܣҳԣ𣿡
šܵ͵͵Ӧһ
䴽üȾЦ⣬ƯƲĿ⣬ɫû취ġ
ܣʯϣͣʣµİ黨Ƭ˽ȥԡ
һʱûӦЦŨģ˵һңġ
أգܾ͸öЩܳøÿ
ܶѸٺˣҲȾһ㲻ΣһʱЩΪ飬ָ䣬Ǹ¶ˡ
ܵ֫Ӵʶܿȴָ᲻á
ѽⷺ죬ЦòУȴһȥ˴Ķ䣬ʵܣ𣿶䶼ˡ
˲ЩңѸס䣬ЩǱĶӣңȥ·
ЦöӶʹˡ
档
Զֱˣܵ𣿲һź
´һԣ
ٻʱֻһޱĴƲƲ죬һҪס׸ͷ档
֮ǰ˵˷гڹ̶ˣ˶٣üۼһĨɻ󣬡ҵ벻ͨˣö˶˵Ҫôͯ
ܽ꣬ŮĸԾûиı䣬жԼ̳мҵΪŮЩֻǲ򲻵ѣ˭Ըˣ
Щ֮ңö޷Ӥӱ𴦱̣Լ̳ڻҵ˴ģķͯýԽ벻ס
ǣְ׷֮ԱһǽĹܼңܴס۵׵ͷ˵ԼҪʮ궼Ҫࡣ
ۣһеëҲ޷£һīȾ˰ֽŴȻǻˡ
ɿˣȷǽɣ׷ʵĳֿԣĵ׷Ϯ
˫ȭӳһɬۣԭȻͬһӵǰļ䣬ЩԣһһεĥڵĿ־塣
Ըʲôǵãʲô֪úõĻ
ǣ۵һƬްְһ
ԭ૵
ǰ뽫֮ʱϰ䳡ϼ䲻һ꣬ǳк岻ҪԵֵͬˣ֡
Щӵʱ򣬳¸˵Щǳ¼֧ãһûϣó¼൱֧ö˿ء
ڿʵεҲδˣ¼֧ã֮Ϊλлɱ֮ӣ
ܶ˶٣䱸ɭϣڳҲԮ֣˾Ҫ룬ǻݾߡ
ΪѰ˷ֻҪ˾üɣ˭֪󾹻ǣ˽ȻǱ˾ָʹκҪҲòɵ֡
һҸʵĻ߸ʣ룬˵һ԰⵹вĵλȻ֪ˣҲֻᴦ
¼ҸִƱȨֻ꣬Ҫı췴Ĵڳжתأο佫֮Ҫƽ⡣
񸸻ʶԳ¼㲻أȴΣ򴽣ԺһǳͷһøʶԳ¼ҵηֱڹؼʱһ
ȵȵȣøصİĿã˼ţ̧ͷܣʦأҿͺܺʡ
ܵʦ书Ȼ֮ڰӪҪְΣָһʦͽϵڲʵǰ£õѡ
ܵͷãҸ˵
䴽Ưˮ΢΢°˵ȥĵһˣǳ
.
ĵ
߽ԶԶӭϴżϲ⣬˵ϣˣϽ鲻̫ãȥ塣
ôˣ룬Ųӿ˼֣ʵǺǸˣ
ǰЩʼԭ㰲ֵ˼ֻͶ֮Ŀת˽ա
һŵ׷£յĵߣǰջ
̾˿üǺǵ¶ҲͰˣϽʧһԺӣ´󽫾˵дҹϮκָʹҪȥ̽ģⲻֱŤֵǰˣձߡ
ȵȣһͣʵҹʧˣ
ǰƻСءпţȲ׷ʵյĶôˣ
޵Ц⣬俴ѸٲȥСһţҡҡͷ˵Ķ¿ȥɣϻء
ûõ𰸣Щź漴뵽ʧĽָŲ߽ĵ
밲ϥ۵üҶЦ⣬ϵԻ⣬üģʵôˣ
סգ̫ҽ£ͨĵϻ̫ҽԺ˲ʳҩҲᾭμ飬š
ʶգЦ˵ûˣʣ˵ҹʧˣ𣿡
ߣһĵκæ˼ҿɲϡأһ̳ԷѣȨĽʲôʧġ
꣬һȵǰµģö
ãɫԽĲÿⳡôͬһˣý˲㣬żӡ
̳Է΢΢һʹţоһֱʲôڰ
ǰĽɴûʧ̳ԷǱû뵽ûü֣̳Էѱˡ
֪΢΢ü̧æҡҡͷ۵׺Цֻ֪ǾȤ֮˼˶£ֺαΪأ
ǰҡŽյֱۣ۵׻һĨɵĿʼײԣҴҵʧһԺʲôͺñȸӵʹĸƫԶĹˣҲһۡ
˵ˣζ˼ҵģ䴽˵ģЩʲô
ɫ΢ȴԽΣֵ̧˵Ķͷ˵ɣʲôˣЩٳԡ
ʡС࣬ýտЦֻ˭ƽʱ̰죬Ƿ࣬ǳԲſ
룬˳˵Ƕȥ游ңպöڹƵûţųȥסգˡ
ˣСʱڲײʲôõط򸮸ɾЩҲܳû̽̽˾˺ʹ絽ʲô뷨
Ϊݣ̫ӽ֧ߣҲϣ˾֡
ն˶٣ϵЦʵ
ʷİɣأ۵ĶЦֲѣ˾Ϊ𣿾㲻ϲҲȻúûŶġ
˼̣ԸԺֶ֮£ˣԾľ˾ˡȥһʱգղұ֤԰ٰ磬ȴ֪ҲҶ֡
һܺõ游Ӷѹס뱲Ҳ׻ˡ
ôҪʵǰûϲȥ档
ȥ֪أ񸸻ǰҲ΢˽һһ£Ҫú˽ͻȻ𱻾ڶĴ֣Сϴ꣬ͺñϷӽ̶鷨˵ٱ飬Ҫȥд˲֪мѡ
˵͵͵һ۽գϾǹɣȻⶼҪģþûˣϴλ˵ˣȥ
һһ磬īСôãȥɣһšбһۣе˼ֲ
϶ȷһƤңĲҲڣǰжȣ̲֪ǿ˶ٱ
ͲЩ
ͻȻð뷨ȻùŻصѾʰˡ
򸮲ȿܶԽƵĶûУټҪСסգԴöȵĶҪһЩ൱Сһμҡ
æµĹŮ̫࣬ĵԽԽҪȥСס
򸮿ɲʲôõط˵жīڣһܽ飬һվ㹻鷳ˣüաܿʼͷ
ԽǲԣӹԽ죬ת۾͵˳ʱ
ĳǰͷŹŮ̫࣬Լһݵм仹װӵѳŶ˸ʵʵ
ͷţ˳ݣȫ˶ϹӭӣĿӹ˾˺磬˽еļŮϡ
̱أ̧ʵ
ϻسϦҹûܼ̣νˣû뵽ԾɼţмֹŹ֡
Ī̱㲡úأȴû̫ҽ
īǰһЦ˵ӲʣţʱǼˣȹպЩ
ȥ˵űҪߣȾǲҪȥˣһСҲȾ˲ǿɾ鷳ˡ
㲡úأȵʵ
һ˲ţī۵׻һĨһ䣬ߣȴȥԺӡ
ǰǸ𣿡Щףû׷ʣתīĽŲҼǵԺпô绹׽˲ҡ
ǰīЦӦڿûв㣬Ƕס£ܸϵϡ
ðҾͶסһЩʱգɲҡ

ԶԶĿӰԽԽĪЩ£ʲôģ˵ҲŪˡ
СסѾͷˣٶסЩʱգҪԺһɶˣļã
üͷ˼Բߣʱһʯӹ£ſǽͷϵ˰棬СѵŸʲôȥСӿɾԺأܰҪΪǰ
˶٣ЩĲҸֵǴˣǰӪ¶Ҳõİ
ܣ                        
лҪ˵̨һ
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Ҳ, ۡԺӺֶܶ࣬ϱ, סǴĸ, ϡ
ĸܴ, оɫ, Ҳס, Ϊ游˵ĸʱסıԺӡ
Ϥİ趼ûôĶ, ԺСһȦߴīȥ
ǽ, Ȼ֪罫ض, Ҳ뵢ʱ䣬οҪ£ɲװ׵ī֡
, 䴽, ҧŰ黨Ƭ, , Ҫ㡣
ܿ첽Ŀⴥʣµİ㣬֪뵽ʲôͻȻȾһ, תͷʵҪʲô
ȴûı飬µĶʵ𣿡
ͻأǰ黨ƬϵСӡ۵׾Щң빫ʳϴֻ⣬ң
Ҳ㡣۵׻һĨһڽʣµķŽ
һߴմЩĴ꣬ҲĪŹ˹˻Ƭĺζ
ЩڵŲߣͷĬĬ£䴽һģϵһ黨ƬûҶ
ģѽЦеĿܶƯˮûɵЩš
ЩĦˣϻƭ˵˰飬ͲˣԹԵĳˣ᲻ǲԣָô죿
ܾĿȫڽУûסЦüͳѽġ
еĻˮϣ׽Ķֺͺⶼûйÿο֪ĺߣ쳣Ŀ
ñ˶ÿŻ
˷ʲôģɻǵã˱ʣ˵Űǻ
΢΢ףѸٰʣµĻƬȥú棬ͬһӣΪνԵķ·ζһЩ
˵ܱҲ˲ûζŬǼ˵ģֱһһΣŽǵòԭһ۾ܱϳ
˹ŻϵӣлһĨãȻĿһָָмĵӣС˵㣬ֻǵһЩ
ǵʱң־ô飬ܹļʵޣĿӵĿظа̣ס
ûеõҪĴ𰸣ЩʧȴҲ޷ǿ̫࣬̾˿˵ûϵģʱһʾ֪ˡ
㣬ǲǺûáСľ½ǣ۵ǲţԴ˵ŲأѾܰˡ
ҵĵУǲǵӰһ£Ϊ˰һĺǣʧ
ҵһ취ǰѰԼߣƽӣʵǵõҪ͵һ˼𣿡
ãȻҡҡͷСܴ󣬺ܴһ˼ҡ
ʶĿܣͻСܼסĶʵޣû취ȷϣ޷˳ҵ͸ĸ
ְȥߣϤĻһЩҲһܵͳ𣬡ְ̫ҽ˵ضĻ԰ǰ顣
룬ӦȻһȥ
۳Ͷ٣ЪЪܷɿƳһ۰ö֮˵ְŰȥطԿжٶҲܸһ㡣
ոյ򸮱㼱ųţȷʵ̫ãͷӦǺðɣǿȥء
Ѱڽߵʱܺٴ棬ҪŲ̫ۣǲܴˡ
˴ĸ󣬾򸮵ĴŻкһξ룬СҲСܵٶȱҲȻ֪Ϊһſݣ˶Ŀ⡣
ŽûãһֱīңеŮʶмӴܹкȴֹס
մһ죬빬ǰ·ɫЩ£ָڹߣᡣ
ڵŮͣ½ŲüͷֱӳԵİҸ£Ṧֱӷɳ򸮣ץ·СĶ˷ܡ
ûĽڵϣգָĺܺã̲סһ¡
ֲùϲԭС࣬̾˿еΣԽԽŨ
б˰һۣü˵ǴˣҪúö飬ܾŹ֪𣿡
ǹϲͷСľ½ǣԹߵͬΡ
ۣһӵϲĺӣǾŹ㣬飬ԺͲϲˣ֪𣿡
Ҫסһӣ뾡㶨ֻСӣеԾԣնڷ飬ĸ߶
ţȴȻǰϲүˣˣҪһ
ܵɫ˲ȥ̲ûסһ٣ʲôˣôһϲһϲүСĵͦ
һϲ
׼ڱǰ˵˵֪𣿹ûϲү˵ġ˵ÿڸȴͻȻ
Ųأ磬㲻ϲ㣬ǲˣԲŲð˵
󱳵·Ųӿ졣
϶㲻ϲ㣬ԳԷʱǶҪվûзԡСԴֻ֪࣬ģģʶүҲϲҲҸܳԵñܵĿдżͬ飬ο粻Ҫ̫ˣԺ϶ϲġ
ܱԴʹҧгݵҲǣ
ĿԽͬ飬ǰûԵʱҲοԼⲻóԡ
Ȼʵ֤ĺܺóԡ
ܱտڲԣһСĿΧĻ
ϵ˺ܶ࣬ߵβŽտǰδֹȴĪмϤ̲סܵ·˳˵磬ȥĵطɣϲ
ңʲô𣿡ŲԶĽһƬİ
ҡҡͷСȴżֿ־壬ӣ˵벻磬ǿȥɣ㶼żˡ
˵ʲô벻ȴһֱڿܽӽмȻ׷ʵȥܴģ򸮻ҪƯ
ƴҡͷקߣССڲšܵ͵͵̾˿ź󱳰ûˣͻȥ
˶٣ֲϣҹ㡣
صĸ󣬰ѾָģǰܵĻȥˣתͷȥ鷿顣
ǰҲһԣһǴӹǰ˵ʲôɫЩŹ֡
⻰˵գΧĿϣϣʶʲôףѵǽвĻˣ
ֱӿ˽üͷбһԺ˼׷ŶԲߣڽҲû˵ʲôֵ̫ĻУҲǹڰģΪ˸ɣ
ſƴس۾Ȼһ֮£ֻֻܿͣգѽգ۾õϢò
ܣСüʵ㶼ʲôΪϢ
۵һƬãȻѽɫΣҡҡͷ˵ְ֪
֪ŵ򸮶ãһʱ䣬Ů̽Ϣˣǰɫÿ˵ǲǸй᣿
йᵹҲڣƽ޹Ϊʲô˴ϢѵǡȵȣŮǰһСֿȥΪʲôߣ
ܻãȻ֮УҿҲ棬ڽŰϵ湻װͰ͵İϣ˵ôô˵ǣ
ٵҲˣϣ׼ժ
תȥ
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лҪ˵Ͽ֣һϵ̣

045

ľǽͷ, 䣬һ͵ĳݻʻ, ͣǰ
ӳ, ʵüۼЦ, ͷ˿, ̲סҿǺһûˣҲ֪̱ˡ
ԪҲ͵͵˳, ʱҲֻīڽйһӣҪȥ, ȴ
꣬ԱԾ, ûǿ, ֻܴӦ
û뵽ô͵ˣʲ֪ͻȻʲô£ѶȺͷȫൽĵ, ǽܴ
, ϶ȥ˵, ӭС˼Щ, ò˫һ˵ϣ̫ӵ򸣽𰲡
Ц⴩˳ֻ, ȫʶҲֻгаٹ٣Լ򸮵ˡ
ϸЩʱգձʲô̻ĲŽйӡ
ɣضȥ֪˾ˡŲδֱͣ˴ĸŴС󣬽Ųͬæ
ĸڽ̰д֣Ÿտʼ飬Բ±ʺ֪Ķǵöڰ͵ʱѾд൱ƯȴſſģúԶ
ƫ㣬ʺϰкӣīġʲôܹԣǽϲĵط
ô˻֣߽Ŀӹϵīһ㻭ʲô
գգֽۣЦеת˻⣺ҲȺ̫֪ˣ׷ŵ㲻ð
׷ˣҡҡͷ۵ЦŨе˵̫һ壬ҳһ飬ͷҪдһ
ǽ飬ôܵ䴽´Ž棬һ䣬·Ǽãӡ
¸ռתůڣȴȫȻŲóװģĳɷ־Ӷࡣ
ȭִЩΣܿת˻⣬˵ôȻҲҪúһ㣬øʲô֪˰̱ôˣ
˵̱㻹ţȥȴ˵Ⱦ˲ͣ˶٣˵Ĵÿնȥڵ
ûЩ𣿻ͷ̫ҽơüͷЩԾһʱȴ벻ֻҸã˵ҸЩæȥɡ
ްĶ£ͻȻתͷʵˣôûǸСǰǳߡ
ѽ򴽣ȥ̽ϢܣûڣЦ˵ȥϸˣô
û£ʣ书ҲܰģС£´λ˰ɣ洽ЦҡҡͷȥæˣڹһСģջȥ
üӦ£ԶԶĿ뿪Զ֮󣬽̾˿Ŀϣ⣬Щ͵Ժȥ
.
ҹ٣Χ糣֧Ѳߵĸڸĸ䡣
һڵӰҹɫѸٽӽסݣҹɫΣһһˮ
ټϰ䳡ϣܵŵƣԼɼʮӰʮҵ꣬һԣ÷ǳ
ԶԶӰǰͷֵ׳꣬Ŀ࣬üĿ

常
۵дͬĳƺϰ䳡ϵһĵͷ񣬳²΢΢ףĿǵһһӹʵôˣ
常ҵԸΪͿأǡһվ˵
²ЦҪѡһȥһΪӳʱ䣬ֻҪս
ϰ䳡ϵһ㶣常ǡ
ض˵ˣ׼ɣϸߣѹظ˵һ飬²תȥŲԶ٣ĿлһĨ⣬ȴ˿δ䣬ɢ˰ɣ˯þʽʼ
˵ͻȻ˦һذףһɿûɣɫµӰҡΡ
һգ²üͷ֪ˣղЩϰ䵽һ磬΢ĺܲܳ
ӸѸŵܹȥΧȴ˿û춯ΨһذλεĲϣ¶˰ء
󽫾ûˡذͻأС˵
²һüۼĶҺúһ飬вأã
̳ԷѾһΣȥ磬һ˿û£Ѿ˰ڵĦٷͬ£²ߵҪҪˣ
ΧĸҳСĵӦǡ
²ĿɨΧҲֲκתȥʣӸڸѰ
ڽ˿ɫЩѿû뵽²ƽʵʵʵʵ¶¡
Ѳܲͣҹɫӳ뿪˽
ӣĸУŵվ
ɫصĽе½üͷҲŽǣ̫㣬һ²߷ֱƶ롣
Ըһ¼ΪУҲýУΪƷ
²߱صĸʵҪԸٻҪ֮꣬⣬²߻ոǿʿֻûˡ
ЩʿȰӪĲ١
ͳְֱƽӪһڱ˾ǵʵ޷ִ¡
˼ĵͷ˵ˣȥ׷ʰЩꡭ
ǽӶʱļȴøɾǵĳ²߳м֪Ƿֻ࣬һ
ˣЩؽͷͺã䴽СϹЦЩ鷳£Ÿȥͷ۰ɡ
µӻһĨЦ⣬۵ײԾᣬЩ¶ȻǲĵģֻҪֵľͺˡ
ʱ֣ЦеİϵժѰõ档
ҿô쵽ǰģԻĺͼ
ͼƽ̯ϣֽѹţĵīǶˣ˾ְġ
ܴЦᣬĻܺá
ϰôᶮֻҪģúܺá
϶Ĵ𰸣ܲЩҲøˣ˵Ϳ쵽ˣһֱϲЩ֪ʱ᲻һҿۺҵıʷ
۵׵Ц˲佩סˣһ˵ͷҪƲŸġ
ȥĸطֻҪ
ʵֻҪ뵽δĳֿܣбǱݺݵͱһʹ
ϲ𣿡
ʹüע⵽쳣ܴСûиĸֳڲյİӪƺĳЩС
ˡͷֻһ仰Ѹٻعһɤۣ۵ǲѵЩӵС˼ѷ
ֻһЩĿԶϣ֪ܱӣȫܡ
ֻһ޹ؽҪ
ܻ˫ۣ׼ýĽ˵ְ
Һʱ˵ϲˣͷü˵òԣϲľˡ
һԼĶ䡣
ܳôÿҲǳ书Ϊʲô᲻ϲ㣿ͷ۵׻һĨرɰرۡ
ĶȻȾһƬۣͷоЩɬ
Ȼ֪˵ЩǺģȻúܸˣ㾡УԶ֯Ը
ĺ룬룬һӵ                        
лҪ˵ľͷҪˣ

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ҹɫ, ĸ
ǽڽϢ̫࣬˯ü, ໭Ժظ, ڰû, ǵĺȫ, Ҫޱȼѡ
ƺֻص̳Էʯǽ, ڵɫԼԶʯţĳùζ, κһ˷衣
ڽУƺܼĵ׵Ĳ, ֱ洫Ķ, Ż˫ۡ
ͷһԣе, ɫ̫, ҪҪ̫ҽ
ˣҡҡͷ, ɺ, ʵǰô
ǸķڿΣżԺǽ봺ĸҲԶ, ǰҲûʲôòҵҲЩءЦ˵
ĲɵӦˣŵʱҲֻһЩģֹסĻ̳Էӡ
̳ԷĻЩ㱡
أɨһȦ̲סʵ
񿴲ܣͲİƵġ
˵ղŲżӦȥ·ˡ
æʲôȻǵӦʵģȻ죬Žüų룬˵²֪ȤˣŵʱഩɫʱһỻɰɫǼ
ɫ۵׶һ˿Ц⣬ɫЩڹﵱֵ̫ڣճŸǶѡ
л£ūǿɶմĸˣЦ˵ˡ
ԶԶţϹȻǰɫ͵ǼȻ
ҲأŶãܻûô쳤ߡ
úȥ룬վ˵мҪ㣬ȥ˽·̳Է
һס۵׵ǼΣ֪óȻǺ⣿
˵һ̳Է𣿡򴽣վ˵ûҶȥһۡ
ڵһ̳Է뿴ճɻҽĽ¸޷ʵ֡
ְȥšܴӦ
ҡҡͷҪǣȥܣˡ
򴽣ұѵδذȫ
ϴڴɱûʲôӣ˵ǣܲðա
ڣҲµģ˲˵ᱣҡ
ᣬҲܵͣз£Ӧ
úñģ¶Ҳܵ˺
Ѿߵ·ԸúŴĸ󣬱͵͵˳ȥûҴߣֱܴԽǽ˸⡣
СѾߵ·Ⱥвۣܽ࣬ĿɨΧÿһӡ
ŵӦ֪򸮣˿Ŀؽϡ
ݣСѾߵ·ϣЩʴԵԽϸƺһֻ־ܰµСǱ˾ĵκһǶȿȥô
ܻǰʮü۳һ˫ӯӯˮԶڸÿֻԶԶؿһۣ̲סӦٰݡ
ͷϵİɫۣ۵׻һĨް
һأǻ᲻ᡭ
ܣҪˣ߿Щ˳ڣһ˫ƯˮЩס
ͷӿ˽ŲĿʼղҿ
֣Ȼβ൱ΰ˺ܿ㵽˸
̳Էڽһǣ˵Ĵ֣ȴɸһβСľ룬ҪڽϿμֱ쿪
ԶԶţסһߣѾЩˡ
ṦҿһЩĵأͷ䴽أء
ϻķգϵ¶ȸǲߣЩ̣Щ
һ˿ǣͳдһ˿ƣΣա
Ҳµģ¶Цܻᱣҡ
Щ㱣һʱֲ⵽ʵξ˶٣һϵժסݡ
˶Ҫժȴεİţ۵ϷӿûأǱְš
˾ͿǱˣҲ֪һ
ЦЦֱС˵߰ɡ
һǺһһأֻڽΧǱ룬ڽ˵ʮΣգΪڲԼϢ
ֻҪ֣ǾͲᱻ֡
һ㣬ܵľٶԽСģסļĿɨܣѰŵ㣬Ṧǰ
ԺǽܸߣԺǽһƬӣΣĵλǴһˣٶҲû
ǰ죬ģиƬ˱ӽ̳Է
оɱµԺѾ˷棬ԺĲľҲ˽̿ĵڵϣһķҡҡ׹͸潹ڵʯڡ
Ǿҹҹ޷ߵĵط
ٿȻܣЩɬм˵ί
ڣڻٵˡ
ܽӲҶ̧ḧͷֺܿ˻
ԥãûֶֻ˼εؽǰ
ҲûίҲ۸
һΣôߣ뿪
ԶȻ˽Ųһң²һؿ֦Щ졣
˭һ𣬽Ųߣܲҵ飬ת˹뿪
ȫ¶Ұ֮УӵüȻ䣬ԥĴڣ׷ץסǣ
𣬽̽˽䱸״̬ฮŽŹܳһӸǰͷ
ܰһ⣬̧˦ö룬ʸȴ׷
ǽѽǰܲҼּ֦Խǽȥ
Ȼ󽫾λȨأҲڴ϶ùܻûüɿһʸӸߴֱĸ첲׹ء
ֻܻŽżأɿԾ˸Ժ䡣
ܣ𣿡ʵ
ɨһֱϵĲˣ˺ѵ·һɫѪж
û¡ܽڻ˼Ժ䣬ֵȸ֡
ʱ¡һһף£ϵ˼һƬ
ȥˣ򴽣СһСԺŰ
ժ棬ɫѪҺֱۣСǽ
µģɫ԰׵ЦЦϻһֻǲƤ
һΪԡۿתۣһֱС¶
ΰһ
ûǱְѧղ
ЪһЪͣˣǱȥܵɫԽԽףЩʧ˳ϥ£Ҫţܰȫ
˫գɫԽԽף䣬дſǻС֪ģܡ
ۣ涵ģֽ̧ȥ¶һǳǳЦ
£һᱣġ                        
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047

µĺܴ, ¡¡ͷĶ͸Ĵ, Ļ
һϮ, ˮζ, һжԽ˵ôİ
Сվſ, ׹ˮһߣڵˮнһˮ, ȹȾһϸ㡣
մȾľţķڣȻصߡ
ϵѪɫһʧ, յ˫ٳδСϵĵԽԽŨ, Ϊ˵, ԣҪΣյĽȥҲ˵
ֻһ, , Ǽж˳ѪҺ, ŻӰ֮
Щ, ֪ԼЩʲôܰﵽҲڵܶԣʵʵ, Ƕİ
ֱϵ˿ڻŷڵѪʪ˰ɫӣȴǺۣСӰ
̫ҽ˵Ѫ˿ڲմˮǴ۹ˮ˿ڼ׻ŧȾٷȣ֮ǡ
һûµġ
ۿЩ죬ôãŲء
Զᡣ
һתķҪѶƳȻֶȴʮѲžѪҺϵɢɾ
ֻʱѹڣֹɢû֧ţһƣϮͷԴʹԼԼ䡣
ǰ¸ؼĶ֮񱣬µһ壬ٱ¼ԩ࣬ҰĺƣߵĮԹۡĻǽ
ǰߵʱѾʮ꣬뿪֮ʱʮ꣬һõͣҲɻ͡
֮Ӿ飬ͬվǸλϣϧһ꣬ټʱǲ׺ɣλôңûһйʢĹ
Ͼѱ̣һǴ֪ǲǽԶ
һͬףȴʲôûп
йߡҳ١ָȨûкڹֻԼûټᶨһЩûĿ͸ࡣ
ͳӴ͸۵ʱ۵ȻʲȥȻͷĿⴥһںڵСԴе˲ʧһɶ
֪ʱѾ˯ˣСֽץۣѹϥͷ¶Сϻŵۡ
֪ܲεʲôüͷٿȻ߬۵Сķףܶ˶٣Сָƽüͷ¶һǳǳЦ˲䶼
һֱȥжãҲõᱻɵƭߣᵣ㰮ʲôˡԺͻȻĳһ󵨶ֲͷ
˳վԣηκ˵Ŀ⣬ʱʱ̿ĵţᱻʲô˺ߡ
ǹǴΨһĹǧٳ裬Ըûܹǿ
󵨵ͷ˵͸¶ֺ
֪ʲôʱۣϥͷС̽̽ͷ¶ȣЩ̣üۼʱֳЩǣ㷢ˣ
ȾЩѪյС֣۵һƬᣬЦ˵ûУǹ̫ˡ
𣿡Щɣ̧һΣȷûзȲŽģŰ˿ڣһʱЩִ٣С˵ûдҩ
Ѿ㹻ˡܵͳ𣬴ֹס̡
ﻹҪʲôҩõҩģǰ黨Ƭ߲ʵξһҰĺͿ
䴽ɷ׵ɫݰҧ촽Сʵ𣿡
׽Цᣬҡҡͷһۡ
֮¡
ɫѾˣĴѾͣˣϡϡС꣬ͷҹνȴܡ
ôãٲȥ򸮺͹ﶼңʱֵ˾֪
οϾҪˣºڡ
ɫ΢ĿɨܣڼݲݵĽѰһֽɡ
ɡ˶֪ǲǱҧģǿá
ܽĻҳøɾתͷɫˣǾȥ
Ҳ֪µأͷӦˣĿȴͣ˵ֱϣ˿ǲմˮģСֺ䣬˲
ƿţƳϵֿ̧ʼȥۣһץ˵ѡ
ûĽϣɡǹͷ˵ְϰ䣬䣬ǹһ˷纮Ҫˡ
ͷ˲С˵ƭˡ
ְƭЦЦڰӪֻ¶޷ôص˱ְҲˣصǣµġ
Сδδֽɡϣŵײˮݣͷܣɡ⣬ֱϵ˿Ҳ¶Уæ˵СЩ˿ڲġ
ɡƹȥ̫ߣŵֱ˵ֲίı죬ͻȻͣ˽Ų
Ҳȥˡתߣæȥ۵׻һĨң޴
뾡ȥٽϻȥһҹ䲻롣
˿
˿ܻܿŧģܣһ㶼ҵĻȦ죬ǲҪΪʲôǲϡ
ɡ˹ǰҶģֻҪȥ
ҧ촽ίˣˣɡ㣬ҲҪ
ĵЩۣԭڹ
ͷЦˣ·ʲôȻ飬һңԶĺ蹵ƽϣ
Ҳأлأ
ɽҪԲ֪
תͦñֱұȥЩ
ǰһ̹ɵȥһȦסĲһֳɡ۵ģԥĿ޵ô˵ѽ
ȵĽ۵ӹһĨް
ǹðУԶֵõС
ˣ᲻ᱳѽļͷʵ
򴽣ЦЦͳᣬԶö
ҹɫȻ٣谵Ľͷʵ˿䣬걳ԶͷȴһƬա
˵Ļ𣿡
һ䣿
Ǿ䡣
ѽϲˡ
š
                        

048

ĸ
Ѿ, Ϊֻ̰棬뾪ǰ, һ, ˭ֱ֪ҹĻ, ûƼӰ
ٳδ, Ҿ򸮣ֻ͵͵˳ȥ, Ȼ磬ϿһˣҪҵֱϼѡ
Ҳֻܼϣ, Ĺܹ谮, һὫĺܺá
һҹδ, ±ҲסʱܹƽҲٲ, Ů, ȻǴܵĹҲ޷ѡ
㣬, »ˣһС̫༱ææܽ, ˲滹꣬ȹڼҴҵӭȥȻĽŵ԰ȡ
СĽܱϷ, ɵķԸȥȥˮȥ̫ҽһˡ
ܿİɫۣһ㳱⣬ⲻҵ飬æ˶˻ȡů˼յȲ衣
¿ﲻⵣǵʵ
ӽ飬ΪˣڹϣⲻҪȾһ纮
ҡҡͷתͷܣ·ˮйһ⣬ȽСϣѾȫȻʪ͸ǱĲ
Ȼϵ˸ȬãڣҲ֪᲻°
ȺȱȲůůӣȻȥ·̫ҽ͵ˡĲյݸڿУ˿·һʵı
һͷܵôӣһֱź۵ġ
ĸͷֻǿǰʱֻԴԺ󻹻ߣЩ
ȻҲߣܳߵٶȺ죬Ժǲøˡ
۵׻һĨϥ˵ϣֽӹĲ裬ְ
˶٣ܾܺﲻԾʪ͸ĿȣҲ˲ˣֱȥ·кⷭõҩࡣ
˺ܶҩ࣬ȴ׸ãжڵĵ֮˶˵
û̫ҽ㼱ҴҵĵˣһͬϵĻнߣüһŵĽЩ䣺ô꣬˭׼ȥģ
磬ûµģ㲻õġϴˮ裬·ȴЩأ˵ĻԵ÷ǳɿ
ߵɫɵøѿˣǰЩ˵ҪСסֻһʱѾӦˡŽһ£ֻҪ򸮺úôţʲô⣬û뵽Ų£һš
֪ôܽܳ
̫ҽôˣûֱӿ̫ҽ
̫ҽûʲô󰭣ֻ˵΢ķӣͺá
㿴Ҷ˵ûµģȥӣ۰Ͱ͵´ٲˡ
һϣȥøʺúù㼸ղɡ
ʲŲأ⣬̫ҽȥܣҲء۾û˵£ҽн֪˶±ضø֪
͵͵ȥֻСټϴ뽫˶ЩǱǼĴˣʲе𶼻䵽ϡ
Ѿˣܷ֪¸߸ʣܹҡԳ¼ҵΡ
ԹԵ̫ҽȥˣüͷ壬˵㵹ǹһϰһܲҲźˡ
ܰɡѽգգۣɵ㿴ûȾ纮ܵĹͣҺأܲܽġ
ģǹİһжӦߵ˵Ķͷɸֵ˵ʲôʱеӵ컹͵ܳȥ棬о˾֪ˣָѵˡ
䴽˾ֻҪʲûϵģ˶磬ɲҪ߸ʣһ֪ˣҾعô죿
Ҳ߸ʣͲ֪̫СˡбһۣСǵǣε˯ɣպúϸ飬һٰӡ
Сʱˡ
ڶգ첻ˣܵƣֱӴ·ȥ
̫ҽͽնûߣֱЪˣŽճ̫ҽܵȣǧʲôźá
ţú洫ܴš
ôˣɫɲ̫ÿæʵ
ЦЦ˵ֻһСˣµģл¹ġ
𣿡Сʵûиϴܹ³һЩֻǲ֪ǼϵĶǷء
΢΢һӦˣصǡ
˾ͺãȴ̫ҽˣȣЦЦûи߶磬Ҳ߸ʣԾίˡ
ΪжһҲǡ
һûᣬܴ۵׻һĨ˵󽫾˽ع󣬻в֮ģӦñ߻ϡ
ͷСϴһ˿ǣˣŸʵӣ㶨Ȼܷ
Ȼ֪أֻҪ¸ͯӵϱʣһ׷ȥδزֳᷢ¸Ұġ
ֻٶȻһЩˡ
ȣģЦЦɫ԰׵İְܷҲĸԸԹԣ˹Իѣñְв
ǵһһùʹȻû֪ǵȥĶ̫֮ҽȻæʱûŭǸΪء
һ˼⣬˵Һ͹ǳȥ棬·˽ָ׷ѰȺзܲǡֻ꣬ݱԲŵˡ
գգۣСǵʱûˡ
Ҿˣ򴽣˵ˣܽб֪ȥ
һΪҪȥ͵͵Ǳ룬ù⣬һʲôڣ޷ѽ뽫Ʋһɶϳû˻֪ܡ
Ҳñ֪
㶼ΪʲôҪȥ𣿡˲˲ܵ˼ڱ
ܶ˶٣ĵüۣЦЦҶŹ
лһĨů̧ϵЦ⣬üۼҲȾЦ˵Цأã㳤úÿ͸öЦһЦ
ЦһЦôʹ룬Ľ仰ͷ
ùţŰ飬ĸӭµĿˡ
߸ڽдżΣ͵͵ĳŽʹɫ
û뵽ʻԵһˣϾȥĽ̫ҽֻ龪һûȾϷ纮߶Щ벻ͨô˽Ⱒˣ
հѽͷβһ飬ûд󰭣Էģ˵û¾ͺãҪٳȥˡ
ɵĵͷϴʵձɨΧݣЩ䣺ǸܵİأлҪ
ܴʱڷϢҪȥȴ˽ŲָһС̫ȥ
ĵ׿һ£Լмֵǣˡ
ôˣ߿סĵ׵ĲҡͷҷϣεͷҪ飬ȴʲôʱ̲סվ
ȥʣһִҪ۸ô졣
ߵʱ洫һˤĵһŲԽĿˡ
ˣ
˵㵽ʲôݣմŭ𣬽һҲԽĸӣڻʲô
˵˵ʲôˣ
Ϊ㲻˵޾Ͳ鲻书ٺãҲֻһˣ
ʣæƿ߽ȥܹڵϣͷĵԽǣ߹ȥ˳յӣͷڻ˶ѵʻ
üͷȻŭ⣬ŬƽϢ˵ָ㲻Ҫ֣Ϊá
ܱȳӪîһֱв̽ȻòκҲûзɺȴͼΪֹ
ʲôˣִưӪ꣬Ƶ飬ΪһѪԵϵͽܾ¼ˮ硣
ȻҲֻǻɰˣûκ֤ݣԽӣԽǲ
һƲƣ£ΪҪٰܵܵݲ֪
գȻ໤ȴòǸࡣ
壿ն
򴽣Ž˵ʣ˭ǣֻǶ͵͵ҲǶҪģûκιϵ
ؽͷţҪɣԺǲҲŶˣƽҲû˿ţȻ֪Ļø
Ҫ˵
ɫ˲࣬ȴͨһڵϣͦñֱС˵֪Ϊ˶룬ʵ֣֮ȫȻ¸𣬸ܵûκιϵ
㡪ͷۣγ֪ܸûκιϵֻһʳˣǸϺ˵ֵðأǲܵպܷģ
һ
ˣɣȻ̾˿
ڱ̻պҲˡ
ԼվתҲ
˵ˣ
գ                        
лҪ˵գǣ꾫

049

ڽɱһĿ, ӲͷƤûվ
Щˣһ۽, ֿһ۵ϵ, ˵ΪȾ˺, һֱ, İɣʲŲ, ǰɣʣ
ǰȻվ, վɡɭɭ˵
ĵ׿һ£мֲ, ĪǼǺˣ̻, ϰ͸Ů飬ܲΪһ϶
պ󡭡ܶʱͷӽԭء
˵˵, ô¡˳, ƳڴϵİɫۣԼ׺ŵ, ɫŹ֡
һ, ߣ顣
׼õ˵ԭԭĽһ飬/󡱶֣ںȲֶ˶٣۵׻һĨ
̫ҽĴв², ڵõΪ׼Ϣʱŭ
һֲ̳Էʧ𣬶˾ǰȥֳԭǸΡ
˽ع/Ǵ/ԴԾУǸ޿ˡ֮£ܹó¼
¼ּҶŶ꣬ھĸߣǶԳ¼֣ܷƽϢе¶Ҳ㣬ѵּҲûеҰģղðա
Ųյ˼þûпڣ룬ֳһѻ˵ʣʵһ¶ûи
ȻйǣҲҵ飬ǽյŭƽϢȥǼ£Ҳڽһ˵ˣ׸¼ҿһñӡ
˵հѲյϣɫѽָ
˵ʿ֪ΪҪԺϻسʱ򣬼һÑͷ͵һ٣Щһ
֮ǰ˵յͷӦˣɻô
˻öӵ飬ǰȥһˣŸЩϡѽϵľԲӳ˭֪ŷ˶٣˵Ǳ˽ӣֱӷǵĴ˼ңΪ;ˣԲؤ
üͷĸˣС°ֻҪ˾ͺˣΪҪ
Űҵĸȥ׷£˭֪ҵ˵˷Ծ£һС˾ǽ´󽫾ЩͯΪӣЩ겻֪˶١
ǽնʱҲ̲סɫ
˿ֻǴ˴ɷ˽Իʿټ˽ع/Ѿǳдɣ׮԰ѳ¼ҳ壡
Ǿδ󵨣Ȼʾһֱźǡ
ԴʹһʱЩʹӣɫһƬࡣ
˻棿ԾЩţν̫ƽʢ֮£ҰĿ֮ͽ
תдżίСʹ治Ŷˣ¹شôԸѣҪżȻ£Ҳš
µȷ¹ش󣬡üģĿתصϣΣ˵ô˵ȥΪ棬Ϊ˵£
Ҳ׷ʲôǣǵȷǶǶ֣
ԭ޹ϵĴһȴȫʵЩ㵡ҲУ
ȴѾŲˣ΢΢ЩжǰðǸӵĹôᷢƢû뵽ӣһֻצСϻΪ˴ܲϧա
֮ϧĺŮ
ȵȣպüͷܵдһ˿⣬ô˵̳Էǰѻŵģ
Ȼһȴ¶ɫҡҡͷֻ˵˲̽
ǣߣһȻ˵ǣ֪¼гһ˫ЩˣҪù㷸ʲô
ܸ¼г𣿶ô֪򴽣ܣôû˵
ܴ˫ڱˣʵǳ¼ҲٿأǸԸӪ˽СأҶԹ𣬸У¼Ϊж
˵˵ȥ׻̫СˣվߵĵûУһ֮ܺúõĻ
ܰŰյĿⲻɵøˣȴδڣð϶Ҳãĳˣʲô¡
Ŀİ޻˺úò֤Ͳزˡ
ǣʡĲɵӦ£Щ벻ףܳڴڰӪΪλг
ս˿ģͻȻüͷʵ۵ŨŨĵǡ
ǽ֪˽ݣֻܾˣؽ⵽һ鷳¡
㱻عҡҡͷûУ棬ʣǲ¶ְɣ
ŽǵǵС񣬽úЩۣݺݵĵһۣձعú򸮴ţҪٳˡ
˵սձţ߳ȥĽ˵һģǧСЩ
µģְ¶棬˳¸㡣ʶá
úÿһ۾ͼסˣԺ϶ᱻϳ
Ǳְ档

üģЩͷۣͻСִ֪Ԧ֮ίʵҲ̫չЩ
Կģ̾˿첽뿪ӭȴײ˽ߡ
ʣٳֻЩ̰棬Ҫ̫߼ɫ̫ãһɤۣðúϸô˴ˡ
յƳһۣ˵֪Ҫסգأ
ʡ۵׻һĨɬͷԣգ̰棬סҲвסȥ֡
ЦϵĿһ˿ܾס
Ŀ̵ý߻ۣȴҷ˿Թԡ
ЩˣˣǱԭ£ҲᱻӡԶǡ
ǾвסΣգҲߣһ˱ߵ˵һø硣
Ŀ£Խĸӡ
ϣˣӦ޵顣˵ձ̧ȥߵͷԼ˫֣˵
Ҳûˣĸ۰˰
߾ʹס£Ϊⱻ˲ûٳţܻɫֱۣ˽Ĳ÷ÿ˶һѡ
ǵһõ°ףİɫ
Ϊʲôֻһ﷢ᣬܵԽ
룺ǲЩ㴺ĳаס
Ǿټһʯɫ϶ܺÿҪҪټһʯ
Ҫټ

050

ȫƽӪ֮, 㳹
ʳϢûдȥŰѽҲѹ, ֪һ, ״ôҲûȥ, ִи, ܷġ
ֻ˵ͷ˺һӣ׷, Ѳ֣ű˾Ҳ֪Ƿиʵ˼
Ǳ˾ΰ, ָʹκǸ֮ˣСͲһ, Ҫѱ˾̧¼Ҷ, ϣǺܴ
˾ĳƺʵԶԶȲϴܵľ, 䱸ľеҲЩ, ǣΨʳǵĽԺ;һϸ¡
漰ܸ, ƹڸ, ͽṹ̫̫Զ԰ģӵעܵϡ
Ҳ֪ǲ˿Ⱦ˶ԭ, Ƿ˽ҩܵҲָĺ֮ǰٶȼֱر𣬽ãƺתĲˣ׼ֵ
Ϊ˱һбĿԣǲˣù棬һͬĻ֮ǰ˾·
εʽ˺ö࣬խϸ󴦻ƤƳɵĻ֣ŲԣѾ·ЩΣȴҲֻӦ¡
Թ۵Ľˮֹסðȿܻ³ˮûˣ˽˶Ƶ·ȻҪÿ
Цü䣬۵׶ڷ⣬´ܣԭǼˣȥúǡ
̲סֻһôܱǰҪ磬ףף
⻰˵òԣǰôֻ࣬һܰͷ˽ߣɲǹٷԸ˾ģǸҲû취֡
һڵòί㻹ֻһء
һǸһģĵı֤ܵĻ磡

ߵɫˣΪʲôֻСߣʧܱһ
䴽ߵдһ˿ƢЩûǰôˣҲɰˡ
ǶǶ·ͼϲ죬䴽˵ʹǼİɫ϶ÿ
߹˹۵׵ЦһȾá
ܽһпУס۵׵ǰΣڣûдϿκҪλͷ
ǰ¸㡹ϵ׽ֵɣпڱĬĬ֧֣лϻλֻڿ¸㡵ĹϵѾˡΪ
ΪյĮΪһ˸ı䣬û˳¸㡣߻п½ңһҰģض뽪淴Ŀ
йǰļܸԸ뽪߼׽ãִСһ𳤴󣬽ȴ̫ӻҪ׺һ¶Ұģ˺˲̫Ӻͻϣǽ
һ֪ǸңǸѹǰĽ֪һУ֪¸㡵Ļв˶ټ˵档
֪Ҳã֪Ͳѹʧ
ձīϴãٻصǣǰ䵭˼
յĴǾټĹӣīãʶ˲࣬ǿǿҲֻϳһκ֪ϡ
κ֪ԻһĽС꣬ݰףü鶯ﻹһȣѵһ竵ģ
ֻǵκ֪ƺһãû˵ֵܣʵɣû̫£Ҳûϡ
һʮ꣬ǰֵͣʦûñˣ׷ߥκ֪轣
κֹ֪סķ죬Сûϰı£ѧҲèĹÿÿʱܻΪȡЦĶ
Ĺ򲻼Ҳ࣬˭Ǳ˾ָʹСʱľţƤȫᡣ
īεҡҡͷ˵ˣκҲףŬǿУͲȡЦˡ
˺Цѣκ֪ϵɫԽΣӲͷƤЦʲôЦǿɶҪЩҵǲʲôһ϶һܰǴ
ʶĿȴûܵӰֻһ˫Цˮκ֪ʲô
ûûʲôκ֪ȭִѸջߣȴƣܶڽ󣬽ôûأ
̲ס˵˵κ֪°ͱˣǵ㱾ǴҶ˶֪˼϶ĴȲžˣôϹµˣ
κ֪ϣ
۸ҸˣԱȣվ轣ô
֪һκ֪ɫһ䣬æ˭֪Ķ࣬κ֪ϸմ䡣
磬İɣҾ㶪ġüЦİγ˽˵û磬һһʽɱ
κ֪ɫ࣬ȴֲóȻǰֻܵһ׽Ъ£Ҵҵİλϣݺݵصۡ
ý˻ûعԶԶĴһޣϴЦĿ
һ˼ææ񣬽ЦӭȥʵôпһΪûء
īôҲҪЩ˳游ʴߴͶܣҲõعˡ
Ҳ˵أȰǱȥЦӦ
ûء˵һ룬һ۵˻ȥ
ͷҲЩʱˣͻӳסңҲίʵ̫ˣҪǸ۰ͰǿӲĴȥˡ
΢΢ףЦɨͣĿ轣ϣλСֵܣһҵģ
ҡ˵Щʲô㱻κ֪ס죬һЦ̫ӵ¼ЦˣֻһԶףÿɶǼٰʽá
һϵЦԽˣתλؾнֻһۣǼ
˽īæл۵׻һĨΣֻոְˣ˭֪һˡ
ô̱ãӻû𣿡˶٣˵պҴ̫ҽƣʡýиĴ򵢸˲顣
īһæ˵̫ӵ²õģڵӣкתֻǲϲ֣Բû̫ҽͲˡ
ãǼ棬ȥЦ
£īĵЩңæվϲ˴š
˻˵գܱ㶸Ȼĵ׿һ£æǰ磬ҲǵǱӣֻȥһۣűġ
Ҳ˵ҽף̱ı֣ζ̸֣ҽ̫ӣⷬ˵ʵ̫çײˡ
˾ֲԸҹ׽Ҳˣī̽ܶҪԶԶı־룬Ҳʵ̫Цˡ
̲ס뵽ĸڣһлˡ
ϵЦ⵭Щ̴ϻسϦҹ㿪ʼˣԪûűҲˣϻҵڲţҶı֣õȥһ
ɡīЩΪѣ浭Ƴתǰīæ׷ȥеǣҲ׷ȥ
ߵ;Ųһ٣˵λ㣬ȥȥֻЩС°ˣᵢġ
·ģǾšκ֪Ӧ
ߵͷ첽ȥ̱һ𳤴󣬸Ǽˡ
Զ̵İԺţͽҲͷ
磬㲻ܽȥ˭īǽǰ·
ɫһÿ
Ҳīǰ棬һ˫Ưһдżְɫ硭
ҽǼɣְ̧īһԣϰ䣬ͬѰīвŵȥȴᵽһԡ
һ߿ţ˽ȥҲæȥץסī磬Ҳ֪ʲôҪŴ磬ֻǵıİΣѡ
㡭㲻ġīЩʣӽгԼĸ첲̧Ÿȥ
۵׻һĨãȻֲ̱÷ô᲻Ը
ȥȥ
û߽䣬㴫һ̶ļУŴˤԵʮӡ
첽߽ȥƼһƬǽ壬һɫ㲵ŮӶţϺѪɫͷɢңﻹż
̡㣬ôˣ治ŵĿǰŮӣҳϣСһ𳤴ıá
ȥ۵Ǻ⣬ԥü׼Լȥ
ĵһţæ嶯׷ʲô˵˵òãһ㡭
żһһѪۣٲҵ飬ããߣ㲻Ҫ˺Լˡ
תȥ㲵̣ĵǵǣ㣬¼òãʲô飬һܽ
Ҳȥ̵䵭޺⣬ȴҲǼżֳٳٲ
Σֻ뿪˷䡣
īʹдżκѹ̫ӵ¶ˡ
ϵ׷ʲôϲżĹΪλȭͷüΪζϸң
īԳЦЦ䲻Ȩ죬ڳҲǳۣˣȻ˲һ
Ѳٽ˰ЩīҡҡͷЩ˵ҲֻͽЦϰˣڽԣԶҵĹ˼ɺҰġ
̫ӵذɣֻˣúһʱͺáīЦЦԽԣԽԶԽá
֪˾һֱϲ̣˵һһһٵҹòãҿȢ̫
׸һ𳤴Ҳܿģῴܣīңôˣ
ˣҲ˵ģ̫ӵʰɡīҡҡͷҲ϶˵Σֻܵһ򸸻
īûõġ
ΪʧȥĶ˵һ̫Ȼһλ޷ֲ
.
һ粻ɢ±İԺЩѹ
֪ʲôʱʼ˾һǵĹϵѾ˱仯游ʱ
ǻعɡ߹˵
ʹСϹһĨ˸С׶ֵ˼̱ѶԴ˵⣬һǣΪ齥䵭Ųߣᶪ˻ʼҵ档
һѾܿˣǲøġ
ãձʰʿ϶ˣЦЦ䴽þûȥ鷿Ӹżˡ
æأǽ괺ǵ֮һûչҡ߸ЦڽϵĿһĨᡣ
ԼҲѹȴᷴο
괺ǵװ֪òһ䡣
ʺܿнˣԺĽ̲Ѿˣͷø㿴ЦЦ˵ҲˣЩϢ
ţҲЩϢ
ҹɫˣվڴǰһҹշ
ǵúܾúܾ֮ǰҲ򸮵Ĵĸĸϵǣʱô塣
ϧŨϡΨȵļ׺ϣһӾˡ
ܻϢһվڴǰСѹ̲סͣ˽Ų
ٿĽǺƢЦǰǰûжԹһ䣬ֻҪȥɹ̫
ӵĽۡ
ܴҹɫ߳վ˴ǰ
ü
ܵͷҹϴɡ
Ҫ뿴棬˫ְסӣ򴽣ʵȥˣΣյ֪֪
ʱ㶼ڡ
ļ˲еί̲סȭͷ´βˣԲ𡣡
ûй㣬ǡͷС˵㲻˵Բģ壬ʲôԡ
ȥܸҪڣ˵㲻ø˵ģ֪ңҲʣÿ˶Լܡ
һֱܵµĳԹûʣܴûʹΪʲôҪȥΪʲôȻһ
һеǰǣܣҲ˺Լ
ܶˣֵΡ
ڹûܣܶ˶٣ҲҵһУȤ
䴽ͷ˵ûأܵһҶܸȤ
ЦʱܺÿˮĶǹ⣬̲ס۵ӹһĨЦ⣬֪ʲô
𣿡۵׵Ĺˡ
ܣš
ǣ֪Ϊʲôг˺𣿡ͷʵ
һΪԼϾҲǻһֱڲ飬˭֪ǳ¸㡶Ӱ̫
Ҳֻн¼𣬲ܽĽᡣ
ڰӪʱ򡭡һ٣Ժлιһ뷨ÿ갵ӪλǰİūлȥͨսֱӽӪƹһ֧
ս⣬ӣڱܹĿͷ۵ӹһĨİְûͨȣѳ˷ˣ弰ʱϵԤϡ
Ŀɽǳ´󽫾Ҳֹǽ˳Թ
ԭ˵ġСĵͷ˿ʵӦȫ˰ɣ
ܴ¶һǳǳЦϸüۼͣš
ģʿ϶Ź¼ҵģǵҰģѾȫ֪ʱʹñˡ
ֲõ˫ô˵ģȴȫȻԭǽ⡣ʱ˵ˣԸʶԳ¼ҵĳţҲֻŭ˵ܡ
ǳ̫࣬һҲϸ˵
ίˣٿбЩۣС棬ĵı֤Ժ۸㣬͸ңҽǴܵĹΨһŮڣһΪġ
ЦЦãܼסˡ                        
лҪ˵շ

051

ĵ, ̨
ڴκۣдÿͯȥ, нռ˽һ롣
ɫʮѿ, ʵ΢΢, ٳδʡ
ʱ, ߽ϣ̫ӵ
һ, üͷеӣ˵, ɡ
콪ȥ򸮣ðܻ, ɫɻ, ̧Ӱȴͨһֱӹ˵ϡ
ôˣüͷЩ, ױ㱻Ϊ̫, ̵һһжҪע̬˵ȹڵ, ֱ޴緶
󸸻Ϊ, ͷȴǼᶨ֪ʲϲˣȴȫȻ˲, ҪӭȢ̡
˵һ顣յɫԽѿˣ䵭
ȴη壬̧ӣҪӭȢ֮Ů̡
ΪΣյĿ
һ漴˵ǰ̱ûؾһֱԺȻմԺ֪ǲˣǻıطˡ
ɶµıãȻģΪλǰҪһУҪ
˾˴СʱͲϲ̣ƫ˵򸮹òãӭȢһȡ˵
ϴż⣬̫ԺĻʺҪ֮ڸģֻ
򴽣γ֪ˣҵӲùֻ̫λã벻õİ취
˵Ļı䡣
մ鰸߹ʵ̱ˣ֪Եɣ
ҡҡͷ˾˲˵
Ȣܰﵽʲôʵ
һ㶡
̫λõȷˣÿŮӶҪ̫ӦϲŮӣһյλãսļдһ˿꣬ȻԺܿࡣ
ҡ
֪˵ʲôŵûյ˼δҪأ
δʮڣŲڶʺʢ˥ߴغܹͬ겻˥䣬Ƕû顣
ʵ⣬ȥһҲ޷۵ӹһ˿Ц⣬˳Ѱӻ
Щʣȴ֪ʵľ޷ı䣬ֻӦ
ڶգ糯󣬽ձŽˣ˲δݣõߵȼ̣ƺƵ˰֡
ϢúϽʰ˶ŽһȥӭӸʡ
˸ϵʱ򣬽Ѿӭ˸УҲһ࣬۵׷࣬ɫ㲣ȻûϢá
ЩǵǸӶһۣ˵ϰٰڣʲôȨϥȴһûš
ʺ󹬿յÿĵ۵ҹ컹ûҪ׼ϳ鷿ӣȴû̶Ϣʱ䣬Ҳʱô١
պҪජЩ̫ۣӡ
֪ϽǰΪ£ĵĿڽϣһ٣漴ƿ
յ£мֲ²⡣
ĵĴյеĸҶƳһԶĽӰ˳һ̫ӵĻ¡
һתۣĸշµüͷֻ̧ɢˡ
΢Ϊףֱ˵СŮˡ
һռ̣۵׻һ˿˽ȭ˵ܣֻˣ˾Ϊ˽ԺУħ֪˾ϲ̡
磡ʵϲ̱𣿡
һͣĬûпڣ֪ԼǷ⣬СָݲüǱ
ĵɫ䵭˼֣˵ҳ󲻿µҲˣСŮѷ֮䲻̫ӵ£֮ǰЦҲȫգطϡ
СŮΪλᱻԺУ΢ļ£΢һմãû·š
˻˵գǰţǰŵڣĸߣľֱӰŮ¶ˣ
ڶǻҺ򸮵ˣֱ̹ϵһ˿
޵ֶŮǲͬǵĻ£Ƴɫʧʵ
ĺԥӦ£ǣߣ΢ҲȻ޸һܽޣЦ
ɴࡢԥǧ飬̣ûסʵѵھ˾ҸܡλݶҪҪ𣿡
ǣӦøɴ࣬꣬رֻܹѵ㣸£һ㶼ҪʲôҸ
ϴŷŭ˾ˣŮôġ
ҲҪȰ΢̧ظǳļ¡
۵׻һĨΣһǿ£޷ǾǲԼְˣǵ֮ϧԼ
ҵȷ޷֣ĵ̬ǿӲ˭޷ҡľġ
ն˶٣˵Ǽ£Ȼ֣о仰ȴò˵֮Ϊ֮⡣
һüͷ΢˵Т㩣ΪŮ
һ˿涼ˣصΪŮ룬ȴӵТ壬ŮҪˡ
˾ˣ࣬游϶ϲ㣬̱˴£ɵĹ⣬Ĺһ𣿡
Ŀ⵭ӹû˵
ո²յǸûȥˡ
ʡüһƬƣʱȥ̱þ͸ûϣˡ
ʹһɫ˵磬ǻȥɣֻ̱Ǳţµģ˾Ҳк⡣
˳·СҲֻһܾ̱ˡ
˭ʵ
˾游
ǰһ游ǰ۵ľǶȻ̲ܣͷ˳̻ȥ游дš
ô游ߴչС游׵ģҲء
̾˿ǶӲֻǾ˾Ӳԣ游һĥϼأˡ
˵ûմһĨ޵ЦӲǸܹܡ
ĪЩ飬Ȼıߡ
䴽۵Ц⣺һأԽԽˡ
ǰҪٴЦЦҪ̱һµƭˡ
ĳЩúÿʵܻܿĵ
Ϊƭˣͷ
ֹ񡭡ն˶٣뵽ͣҪ˼͸óˣԽԽζԸĿڵ㻹С˵ƭˣƭˡ
Сˡ
޽ԣ˵㻹СǻС

򴽣ʾ֭Ҳ벻׸ô졣
ٹ͸öˣӣٵʮ꣬Ҳöˣʱκ鶼޷ıĻ¡
ڻУ͸һ֮ȫûпܡ
򴽣ЩѹͲ͹ȷ֮֮Ҫһֻ/󡶼㲻ϡ
ҵǣûϲ
ǰôܹùϲҵĲҾ֮Ӧÿǵǣþһֻõ/󡡣
ͨ壬ҽ֪ĵΨһóĴžɱˡ
ǰ¸㡻Į飬ܷΪһ󽫣ùһġ룬ִǲⱲǶƽ
ϵ棬ʱúƤ֮Ļֹס⣬ȴԽô¿Ϊ
ܣʲôأƿ
ŵû˸飬Ѹٻعһ֮ǰǲӦúú룬θ
                        
лҪ˵Ϲʲô⣬ң
ܣһֻ/󡣬㣬㡣
TAT

052


Ŷļ, ۵׻һĨЦ⣬ݺ, Ҳܼ׶, ɼĵġ
, ˴, ˵ϴѾڻ·ˡЦ˵
Ⱥޣ, Ҳ׳ңģϴ˵ĸһЩ
ģǰһ, Ц̱о, 游, һҪסգú˼ҡ
Сʱ游ȸʶй֮޲, ֻǺ游ȥ, ǵŽЩ
һ游ƺһֱϱ߾æǹںԽѺùϵ, Ҳ֪ô, ƾ游ֶΣⲻ
ϴ֪ˣһܸˡο
䴽еҲû, Ӫֵ¼ҵ֮󣬱˾ûþͰǻ׽סˣ˶ܿ죬ѶƹˣѾڡ
ĿȥĵгױʵʵĽЩ½˳ĹҲѾ䣬ֻҪȥ׷飬źܿͻн
ȰѰԼĸĸҲһ׮¡
ԽԽˣ֪װ᲻ǣнСЩûдϾպԺҪ
룬дһţûб͵͵
װǣ˭ֻЩܷﵽнҲǾһ⡣
ֻ˼䣬û뵽ĴǾȻûгӣ˶ĩǵĽѾˣīаףϵǣڶȻ
֮ǰ游˵ÿֻһ³ƿΪ٣ʣµûǾ̣κְҵᱻȫ֧֡
һΡ˶٣ī곤֮꣬ǰ³ĳɼǺܺãҲžī³һԡ
˵òμһεĴǣȴμˣ֪⵽游˼Ǿ˾˵˼
ֵܵĳɼҲǳɾһ
Դ˺Ǹˣеϣү״Ԫͺˣϴ˿϶ܸˡ
״Ԫǲܣü䣬Цеڴһ£һܿ״Ԫڴ硭ۣ̫֮̽ࡣ
ǴүʱһЩСүЩǣīҪС꣬мĹҪֲһɲס
۵׻һĨЦ϶ǶԿֲǱ飬ԴϻһЩȽʺ٣أʺѧʡ
Щ
۵ģЦѽǶ
Ժʹֻ֮˲һ£ȵѮԵĽͳˣȦ֣ʣµаС
ǰ֪˽ںϢʱԾ̲סһȻֻϧûһ֮УҲλڶͷ
ָͷ㣬Ц˵ʹžգʱ͵͵ȥ̫͵񡣡
ܿŽôˣĪЩ䣬īȷܲûж˵ظҲûн԰Խû˵չ˺ᡣ
ҪǣǴСʶҲϲλ硣
īǵǸ״ԪԪڴܼҲϵ֮ӣټ֮ı׹ϵѱϲ뷨
ڶܸߣǻܹ֮ףһ·ݻƲɵ
뵽ܸˣ۵״һĨգֵ²ĿŪţӲǶڽϵĺ챦ʯ
ȻֻܸˣΪѽǽġ
Ž·ץӷһܣٵȥΪһֻ/ĻᶼûУѾˡ
ܣֹŹָ֣ɻôˣ
Ѹְٰ˽ϣ֮£ĺ챦ʯһֻѸٽסˣһĻԾɱ˸š
ơЦӯӯ
֣ܲȴһָεĺ챦ʯСԽŹ֣ⲻǽϵȻˣ
ĺۼȻ䣬Ӳ
ǡһľȻ
룬ʵȱ𣿡
ܵͷӲͷƤ˵ǣúÿ
˵ղŻ㱾仰ϤƵģܿⲻǹһ
ܺ˹ٶȹһĨա
ʧܣ˵á
̲סЦ˳֪˼챦ʯ˾͵ˣԺлٲϣҪúȡڽҲһס
ڰӪʱһֱǰףǱ˰㡭򴽣ջû˵ڡ
ϵԼǣܹڽõףͿ˳µļܼˡ
ٴοŽߣԼȴΪ
ΪۣԶıӻ֮¡
ūţܹվһ㹻ߵλãܹһݺĿ⣬Լ
ûɹūţҲδɹһԲˡ
Ϊˣֻ뿪һʱ䡣
ĶڴЦ⣬ܱҪ뿪Ļȴô˵ڡ
ʧİɣ
ʹ䵱գһȥ
̫͵ֵطȥģ򸸻ʶȻʷԣմҲȤ
ǰûôֵĳͲһĶˣͷףֵ٣Щᡣ
ɷϵǣĳЩ棬츳ȷҪԪīŻᱻ׷
˵Ȼ״ԪҪ컨ν֣һ֡Ц˵
룬ʵū˰š
ˣҪҲ͵͵ȥ䴽Ƕĺӣôķͷ
˵ţѾʼڹˡ
һ״Ԫ֮ۡ̽У󶼻躲֡׫ְλԽְλһЩǽʿֻҪ£ǰ;
ϸ˳һüʵôû֣
ǰͷľȻǰۺ̽ҲīǴλС
ѵǾ˾˵˼ɶȴ翼øãʺ٣
Щǣʹɢˣ̫͵ſڶס˶磬æʵ磬ô£ǲǾ˾
īһҡҡͷһЦ⣬˵ʲôأȻʱһЩڶˣҪġ
磬ΪΣЩ벻ף츳һúӣ游պضһҵȴ˵ְֵλ
״Ԫټ׿ԽФʮܳԽ˾ˣΪҪõĻ᣿
īһЦǳַ̧ķЦȻΪ˰㰡׬ú㹻Ͼ飬Ҳ˭
硭۰Ͱ͵ԼĶ䣬С˵㲻˾˲Ӧģ˾˴Ӧ游ҲӦġ
īǰ;ڳΪ٣ܳΪصĴ󳼣֪ΪΪĴ£ȴΪһƵ뷨˴δ
ôԣ
һ˿Σ֪ͲѶ˻ˮˡ
ŰƭģīЦЦԲˮ̲סָ˵ĶͷεΪ׼˺ܶ꣬ܲܽյȣοǴ磬ǵճӣأ竷үкβɣ
򴽣һ˫ˮգҲգĶȻ̫˵
ȻǵճӣɶҲͬǵӣӵм̳мҵȨӵбȴߵ츳ΪʲôһҪΪ·磬ƫһЩ
ͫ΢Ȼ뵽˴ֺͶϣͬǻӣֻ˼꣬㱻Ϊ̫ӣͬϻۣȴֻǻӡ
ѵûһ˿Թ
ǰҲֻûֶܹ֧磬պ᲻Ҳ롣
īͻȻɫΪԼŵˣæǵģſں˵ûϵ
磬ˮ뵳һ̫ίˡ
īЩ޴룬̧ס˫дһ˿Σ뵽ʲôֵֹ飬Һܺãû˱ңҲû۸ҡ
죬ֻǾöͬһЩѣȻļᶨҲӲĲƽ
ҵȥνˣīһ䣬㼲һտô˵״Ԫɲҵĺᡣ
͡һЦˣ䴽ŲأȥɣҪعˡ
īֽ̧СϵĺۼɾЦЦҸ㡣
һԵС̫׼˽ɴñʹֻۣȥ״ԪνеԽ״ԪԽ¡أܹ뵽ϻж֡
뿪ıӰûתȥ鷿
ܲζīȻΪ˹˴ǰ;¿ɺãһĻǸΣ
ĻĻϲ⣡Ĳ
ɫ࣬ճȭȴֲ¶ֺ
һߣʹɢ󣬽ձ̫͵ƳڵĹС䡣
µͣ½Ų˹ȥ
īʮ꣬Ǵ״Ԫúã밢ЩҲðۡ
ȷֿܣͻС˵׼һõ״Ԫɣ㲻״ԪɣˣֻīСųģΪҲеס
ЦҡҡͷЩʲôӻеء
·Сϣǵ״Ԫɺ͹
бһۣ죬ﲻסǰɣ
ڨڨⲻǣūⲻǲǹŵͦϲģ״ԪͿɲСˣҲóˡ
ȢȥȢףһ޵Ů¼޲ȥ
æǣ˵ǣǹǺεȵеء
յһۣĵмֲˬеһ¶ĸأô״Ԫɰôպ˵Ľײ
ߣȢף޿ҲҡСֹţ㴫˽ʣôڲų
ȥ鷿ĵպ˳·һӣû뵽ڸѳȥĸʡ
ղȻ˵ûʲôī¡
ְ𣿡ͷʵ
ЦЦûشĻöô
룬˵ܺãҲֻܴ̫ãҲ˵أԺõġ
㵹뷨޹أֻԼѡˡҡҡͷ۵׻һĨȣԭֽ֧żһֵ뷨һңסͷѹ
ʱīˣ˼ϣԲƲ
Ҫһվڷ˼ϣסҵѹܹתȫ
ʣԴĿջعЦûʲô㲻̫࣬īȷܺã޲
֪ˡ䴽ŲԽˣܿ㣬ٺòˡ
ɫ˼䣬ʲôв
ǮȨҶȱܸīֻйˡ
ԴԼ뷨ʱ̶Ҫ߽κһ˵ǣһ񣬶˵вοǽ׿˵Ļ
ʵ̫˵ˣôһģţ
ǲĸˣһǲĵв֪ܳһүּСӣκСӿҲԡ
ĪЩίĬĬ󣬽ʾ֭û뵽õİ취
ʲô˵ǣܸıҪ뿪ʵ޿ɱĻýеʧ˵㻰ȫ˽ڴ
ûѡ
䣬ֵԼܻ˰Ӫ
յӪ㱻ҪʾơǰȥǴδƽϣԼһǼߡ
ǸߵİūЦһǺãϧҲֻǰū
Ӫȼɭϣūеȼ֣֮ȴһ⣬ȫڰĵλ
ʮڰū׶ξߺ˱ߵģҲֻһ
۵Ǻ⣬Ŀ⽻һƬ𻨣ƣǰ˰Ӫ
ȷֻһūڰӪУӲһϸİ
һ죬Ὣһжϴˢɾ
壬ȥӪܺԥı⣬԰𣿡
ӪİһѴӡ˴ȥݣ򼴱ӵĺǣҲԶһ
ıˣһ٣Ŀдż̽ô뿪
ܴӦǣҺܺãֻǡұ뿪
ʣţ
ܵͷС˵ңȢ
ۡĲȫ˳һ£յ˸ȫ·ϡ
̲סϸ뵽˴֮ǰڵ򡭡ˡ
ոǡ滰ʵЩˡ
ܣǡ
֪𣿡ʵеƮӦֱһȥΪʲôҪ˵˵
ֱ֪»˵ζСһﳼĶˣˡ᲻ֱӰһͷйߡ
룬ЩȷӦá֪
ӦãؿڣĵȫʧҧгݵŶ󣬹ŶҰͷˣ˭Ҳ׼˵
ûǲģһΣźˡ
ĿŽ׼ˣٰһأ
ȥԹԵ˵ǳ¼ҵĵ̣Ѿ׼ˣһܺõػᡣ
ĮҰѣȻȴҲս޲ʤοȥԮųµģõѡ񡣡
ʻһһдģ̲סʵˣѾɣ뿪ض֡
¼Ѿ˴ۣǷֺܴһ
Ҳã̲ס࿴ۣԽӣ̹ϣûкڵˣûԤϽĺ
ܶ˶٣˵Ըе㡭
νҡҡͷ̲סѵǣǧûϷĲŶĻϲ⡭ޣ.˼
ܣ                        
лҪ˵ʣ벻õݴˣ
ܣQAQ

053

, ƻͨ
䴽ױ̨ϵκ챦ʯ, ˵, ҼǵҺһܴʯ, Ķ
һ, ӣݸ˽, ıʯˣɫкü飬Ҫ𣿡
, ҪɫһЩģ, Ȼһ, 㿴״ûвġ
κ챦ʯ˵¿ҪǶڽϣЩʯǻ, , Ưڽ, ̫˷ˡ
ҵô, £лһĨЦ⣬ڽҲ㲻˷ѣҳɡ
ǡ˱ȴС, һ飬ɫвͬɫȴǼá
ǳһɫ˾֮Уÿһ鶼ƯԶȺɫҪÿڽϣһÿ
ҪǶ飿
أ׼һʣܵȥ˭֪ȴ
첻ֵܵ𣿡
Īӹһ˿ίεֵ˭֪Ŀȥˡ
ȥˣֱĶ
һͣЩ˹ͣæסԼʧ̬˵ְ˼ǣȥˡ
𣿡һĲΣǲʲôң
ûУ̵
룬ҲˣСҲֳʲô
ܻҡ
һæǡ
ֱڶϲŻӭԹСĵ׿һ¡
ôˣĵʵ
˸ۣ·£㣬㲻ڣˡ
ŵһᵽɤۣ۵׻һĨңѾˣ
ϻعôίΡ²Ҫˣ
˾ţЦѣʥ費˥ôõģ
ɤӣ˵˵ˣȥڲŻҲ֪˯ûС
ܽŵʿˮԴ£̧űƫȥˡ
ǹΪӣ޿ˡˣĻû취˵ڡ
ʱѾöҪ˶ʾͻϣʱ޿ˣڴ֮ǰ޷˵֮ء
ţС̫ͨ㶣˵ɡ
ϴǺ£һ˿ǻûü·͹ˣɨһۣͷʵȥĶˣ
ܺ˹סĵĻңСȥ˰Ӫ
üܣɻô˴һ
ɲǷ˴иĴأܲҸӣֻСʵкҪұְ
ҹʯѡһѡĸɫÿЩ˶٣ҲǺżȳԵ㶫档
ʣµСǰЦ˵ȥؽͷ𣿡
ǣ˵ǳԶˣվŶܣŽֲģʱЩ׼ɵô
ûһðһУҪ뿪ԽԽܡ
䴽ְСǰƣΪʲôҪѽ㲻ǻ𣿿һЩһˡ
ԽζΪûĻϰɣԣֻһѰãҲֻΪģΪǰȹ
Ŀڶ۶۵ţһһѹûС뿪Զѹɡ
ֻһ޹ؽҪˡ
ѵҪι㲻ɣͷȥ˫ۣЩѹģʱ벻ˡ
ѵؽͷʲô£սҲй
ʲô£죬úųȥܣ˵Ϊģ˵˵ѽҲܰﵽ㡣
ûʲôͺá
㲻뷨ֻ˵Щ˵ºǱӳױ̨ǰƣɫʵضϲһ飿
˵ϲ챦ʯɫĸϡһЩǸ˵ġ
üĿѡһʯǶϣһȺ챦ʯƯ
ļ˲ЩҿЦ
ֺ¶ÿһЦ׾ٵжķ̲סĳȥ
նֻҲֻһҪ˽İռΪУԶһˡ
ʲôһĳŵ˵ڡ
ҪܽԶ
ܳ˳ǣѡĶÿҶϲ
ϲСϻһĨգԭֻǶһţʣԺãܶϲĻҲֻܷһˡ
룬˵Ǿһڽڽʣô
šĲɵĵͷµģɢźĹŮСʵܣ㵽ôˣؽͷ𣿡
һعҡҡͷǣǡǱְ߹
ϴżֲü۴˿ȴԵ޾ɣһǼҪˡ
˵ɣء
һȭͷ˵ﳼ¼ҵŹ¡
һƬĬ
̧۵׿ȴû⣬ʱպÿ۵׵Ǹþ𣿡
𣿡ܴʵ
Ҳǣ˵¼ҵ֮ͨӣʱ½ȴսɳʾߣϵĹȦ¼Ҳ֤
˵¸ʧŽ𣬵ҲûܲȻôģ
ҡܶ˶٣ΪʲôͻȻ˵ĸװҴӳģʱ¸Ѿʧˡ
ͷʾ֪ˣܱﲻסʵһﳼ֮ӣǱ˰Ӫ
Ǹʸ£¸ͨУ㵱ʱҲֻһӣôʱһֱܺѽЦЦӪʳĺˣһȰһȰʵġ
ȻΡ
򴽣ĵ׷Խ̿ˣãǻҪ뿪һ͸
°ʵ
߳һĺ۵ԽһӢ¾ľС˵һ¡
հӪȥսܴһȥ
ǵЦ⽩˽кһֲõԤС
֮ǰ˵˱Ǳı㣬Ӫ֮ҪȥսΪ˴Ӿ
һͨսͿֱӻһǧ
Ӿϴ˵ģЩʲôҪһ
С˵Щȣȥ޿ɺǡֻǧҪСЩǹƶˣսթг¼ܣʵǺΣգ𣿡
šܵ͵͵Ӧһ
Ǿͺã򴽣ʲôʱڣǻ˼Щº֡
֪˵ôڶʲôԸܽĻһսȥֱ
ϻڣܴѪȣͲҪȥˣС
ֲδѪȣµģʱҸһȥ
ҲֹΪ˱ҡ죬ԽܣѾʶ˽Ӧ¡
ֻһ·ߡ
Ψһá
ս𣿡˵ˣ򴽣Ӧˡ
˶٣̧ƽҲȥ
˶ʱ˳Ĭܱ˱ۣԲ𣬹˹ҡ
˵ˣվתȥú׼ɣڶ࣬㻹һܹͨء
ģһˡ
ΨһΣϣһЩ
ţܵˣپһء                        
лҪ˵յ
գյ
ʣյ
յ
棺յ
ߣյ

ܣQAQ

054

54
Ӫ
´ĺ, Ϥ棬һԵúܲۡ
ʱʴһͬİ, ܵӰ, , ֮һᾡ찲š
, ´Ӱüͷ΢΢㣿
ɲ, ڰӪſڣƣİ
, ӰһԸĵݳԼ, úô, Сӣҵ
ѾμӹһսҪٲμƱػĿ, ֮, ҲǵһЩԭ
ӰӪսӪȻֱһǧ, ͬҲƤӵ, һһӲǵ۾ѰıʿжһЩ
ǱҪӵԼһǧֻǷϵӣýĴɵ, ׶֡
еΣգȴҲйؼ
ȥɣļαɳѹѦ绢ǳ²µĵ֣ʮ֮ͣɡ
ܵĽУȴԽò˼飬ǰҲ֪츳ˣɳ˰Ӫʱ䣬ûʦ죬ٶԽ̵ʱҪ졣
һ֣ܺȣû̺õĴ
šܽӹƣŽ߳˰Ӫ
Ѹ£Ϊϴʸ״ʾ֭Ҫɽ𻢣ŵĴûȻŹ
Ӫֵµ˽Ȼǳд󳼶Ҫ棬ɱȴҰº֣Ȼ׷Ź
һ磬ձŽȥ˱
˵սܣǸܽ裬СȻּɣͲߡ
һ뿪ٹǽĸܣԭεǸʲôһԱ֪
ܺʵЩȴҲô⣬ŸôӻѣԲ顣
ܵݼȻսɳҲΪˡ
ʣǰӪȥսİôˣͷʵ
Цȵʱͨ¼ҾȫͨУҲȻ޴ˣ⼸ʮս²Խȥˣûͨ
ЩƺҲûս£ӡǰս¿ʼǴӽĩĮŽǶغܺС
ܵʱĮ֮£һǧʲô춼
˺𣿡ŽȲ裬ĲǶˣȴûİ
бһۣĵ佫Ǻ֣޵İӪҲŰɣ֪ˡ
ʱһ´˱̨Ӱ
һӰӪİ˴磬ֶƣϸֱֽϰ۵λÿյģȷվȥ˾ܡ
Щ⣬ҪӪӦԼֲŶԡ
ףѾɳ˵һˣֳֺӧ/ǹ׳˶ź䣬򴽣Щӡ
սʤ𣿼սʤһкľŸƴĳսЩǡ
ѾһսǰӪͱ׺ͣҲı̫ࡣ
ţ̨ϵѾһܵĽܿ죬쵽ЩˣյĹ׳˶ӱ㱻ȥ
һһȴֽ
ԽĽ书Խܵ״̬ȴһٽⱾͲһƽıԡ
ڶʮ
̨ϵ֪ܺƣһ㣬·ɣһһʽ˼¡
𣿽򴽣̨ɱѦ绢еӣѾ׼ˣֻҪ̨ˣȥӦ
Ѧ绢ȴδȥսڣٴĽһǳǳİ۱Ե־Խᶨ
ʤ
Ѧ绢ֳѴ󸫣磬Ա׾ȴ쳣ɣǵˣķӦҲǼ죬ܲϱõԣʲô˵ʤ
ܲò潻棬Ѵ󸫷·һὣ񵲣ײǰþȫҲֻǿ֧š
ʱѦ绢ȴһʩܻڱѣȻ֧ŲסʱȻԭصα翣һգ۵ĹѾȫȻʧǰѦ绢ѸתٴײȴϿա
ȥ̫ҽ˵
հƲƲ죬ȴƵ᣺ˣ߶˾ŸǱˡ
ɡһ٣˲˽յ˼رӪݺݵĴ˻Ҫһ顣
ǲûʲôˣɽأͷһμ
ǰͲó֤ԵУʮȴûжκΰûһС
Ӯˡ˵գܵĽѾѦ绢ѴѾһֻһֻģȴ΢΢Щ
ܱԺһЩȴڲסǱ
죬˵ʧһЩǸ˶һЩܵȷԸ˺ˣ뿪ȥһĽ
ʣӲʣȻȥˡˣüͷ΢ȴҲδֹͷӦˡ
̨ϵܿıӰ΢߬˳
ˡ
򴽣͵±̨Ҵҵϣһ㶣ӵӰƣ̧ͷʱѾӰ
СӣñӶˣڻϵƤӵ£֪һµ
ӰЩԴͷʵôˣ
ǣƳһۣܵ𣿡
Ӱ
ܼǸһϵģǱֱϻѪ֪վڽǰ
ƺÿһйء
һθǡ
ܡͨһڵϣͷ۵ʢǧ֮䣬û¹
һжùͽͣһŭ֮ҲԼ
㻹ʲô򴽣СţѾͨ𣿡
ܺ˹Ӧְȥ
㲻Ըˡ°ͣƳһۣת߽˷䡣
սϾһӰӪɲȥģοҪȥǽĵ̣ܵǶûлĿܡ
ʵʵߵ𣿻ΪĲࣿ벻ס
ҹɫ٣ùţĵʵأ
ǣ£Ҫ
Ǿ͹Űɣʲôʱ֪
书ǿʮ˶ڻ£һ˲ʲôˡ
ʵ벻ȥսʲôõģȥ
Դڴǰ飬ʱʱ̧һۣԶһܣô˹ִ
桰¡һ˹ףͻȻբڣ衣
Źܣ֪ôϻ̽뽫顣
ڴϣ˵Ļ᲻˵
ִܣһ㶼ϲ
죬ۿЩ죬ɡߵǰƵҹĻˮ͸塣
ˮ˳ʣͷͦñֱ
ΪʲôҪսɣЩί֪֪սжΣա
ҲòȥҡĽż⣬ϵˮʪЬӣ˵Ļȴô˵ڡ
һУ޷֤ʲôأ
Ҫ¼ҵ࣬ϴԩ
ҿøȥ飬ⲻɣһ֪ôȥ飿һҪ飬ҲһҪս
ļ˲򴽣ȥȢһˡ
ˡһδҪļҵС㣬ֻҪȥ˵ȥ˾Ϊ٣һ԰Ȣؼҡ
Ȣģܳ˳ǣ̧õŮӣõˣȻһȥδܵ
빫ӦӪ
򴽣ɬɬЩ࣬˲ȥɣԺ󡭡Ҫٻˡ
ֳסȹǣȴԥת뿪Ųߵúܿ죬ĻҵҪ׷ȥ̫ãһˤ˵ϡ
ϵˮİӽû
ڣҪʧȥ
.
Ӫߵüܼûٵȥʱ䡣
ҹʱ֣̲ס治һ¡
Ѿ˯ˣ㵭ζڷΧ쳣İ
ǰĿãһ㹴ݡ
Ҳһμˡ
պɽˮԶһΩԸƽ˳죬ϲǡ
۵ɬתҪ뿪ȴһֻСקסˡ
ǲǾͲˣƯˮһƬӨ
ģֻҪһһͲᶪ¹һˡ
Ҫˣ죬Сϻһۣ˵ҵģȥȥӻܣô
絶ȴҲֻǿ£ǹģȽһʱ䣬ɺã
нлһҪŻ
š
ΪˡȻЩƮתͷ߰ɡ
ǡԥţʵְԺ󣬻ܻ𣿡
ܡ
ĿдżֹŹ֣ս󣬻뵱
ðȫ
лҪ˵ȫ

055

, ڵҹ¡
лˮ߸ߵķʪֻ, վ, ŵĽЩ¡
ʱԼһ˫, Ĳȫ˶, ô˵һϴСĴˣȻһСӡ
, ھӦ̴ܵȣһӵǰ
򴽣ŵĶ̽˽, ʵˣ
Ťͷȥװʲôû, ʲôû
Ҫ, ˵ͽˣһҪ
Ҫѣһ, ǿûȥ߷, ׼ڹϷһˣ˭֪ò
浱ᶯֵģ
Σ, 书, ס粽ţĴ˵
ʱըëˣ˸۵ʲôҵ书һ, Сëһ
˵ˣֹΪ˭һޣҲûֹɹ
Сӡ
ܾţӻһӣּŤŤ롣
¼ķҲã΢΢ҪСģҪͷչ¶ֺ鷳
ҡѿڶĻȥ˹µϻһĨ˷ܣһﾹȻð¼ķ
ĿҲȷۣͷ˺þãȴֻ˵ķһ룬Ѱѿһ
ȻҲ˵ҵģҪ־룬ܶʲô˼֮⣬ǲµİҪҶţ׽

̣ĿǱģ̲סΪ˭һ
ճӪ㱻ɵ˹꣬һ㳤ֻйʲôʲôͷ
ҽ깫ʮͷ벻ȻѾ˶ϹˡŶһʮꡢСë
򴽣Լ̲ͣסһĨΣȴǿӲûá
һ/⣬ֱ룬ҲúõһԼĽ»֪ˣԴ
Լ£۵׻һĨհѻͶ̽ͬǱһ˹ȥ
Ƴһֽۣ˹СֹôԼȥƤ񣬹Ų㡣
ʹĵ׻һĨɬ𣿻˵ԸܡֻҪ׼һжתء
һȥ֪Ҫãǰ;δ֪ĻزˣҲĶ
̽СõϣߣúñԼ
جΣȥѺ⣬úŹһСĶӣСĿһ쳣ȥӪؽͷæ
ˡ˵תҪ뿪
ȵȣסӻһӣЩڵҲܰķͷģҲá
ûŰɣ/Ƥ//߻˧ٻŸ˧ġ
л򴽣ˣ̧˵һᾡ
ȥأԼСĵ
ܵӰʧҹУĲӺ棬ĪЩģǻߣôͬأ
Ҫȿʲô˼ٰЩҲ١
Ӱ棬һ·ֱ⡣
ǵĿ򣬼¼ҳģԽ;еİھͻԽ࣬˵Ҳȫƿڳ¼ҵС
򴽣ѭżе·̧ͣԵӰɣһ·Сģǵʱͨš
ȥĶӰǰͲȴ൱ȵ꣬ü΢ˣӪԼģû˱㣬˽ӡǣÿô
Ҳӣܶ˶٣ԽǵԽ޷ڲأҴͷǱУʱˣһϵ㡣
㡭Ӱһ˲УȻոǿ³ȣɵ׻һӣڱӪױϱ۸㣬뱣סСס
ܳѮ֮һϵ㣬Ҫ
ãӰûء
ء
ָܹǣӰѸʧ΢ĳУһһ㣬סԶ·Ӱ
Ӱ̾һ߸ߵ˱ޡ
ȥ·;ңԶ߻ӣֻ΢۵ӡ
ҪŻ
.

һն˯òȣʱСϴżƣ룬ױ̨ǰɺͷ
ױƺӣɫıʯԣɨһۣױ̨Ĵţʵǿź챦ʯأôˣ
ūˣ¿ҪСʵ
˰ŬŬ죬СϻһĨį֪ҪսӦøѽǡ
ϵĺ챦ʯˣʱ϶Цġ
ḧķң۵׻һĨΣѾǵˣɫöţû֪ˣⲻһ𷣡
£⽫ŮɢӣĶͷ⼸յµɫһֱ̫ã֪Ҫˡ
ʹ̧ͭеӰ˰Σ˵⣬˵õŮӣ˭أ
𣿿ǡ
СͭգȻЩɥ
ڻǸء
ЦЦ˵ϣ˭Ƶ󣿡
ǡ죬СϵŮӣУõ𣿡
ֻҪ뵽ò׾ȻܣŮƭߣҪΪˣ;úܡ
ƾʲôѽİˡ
ֿɲ˵˵ǵģ۵׻һĨЦ⣬ױˣȻΣУС࣬Ҫ˵˭ҲԽȥǴ󲻾
գգۣСʵ𣿡
Ȼ
ͻС۵׻һĨãȻͷϵĳλãСһȣֹĻС
ʱ̽Լ꣬¶̫̫ĺۼҲû˭һСӲǷ֮룬
˶٣ܽҲʮ̸꣬˵ͣԴﲻ֪춼ں˼ʲôҲӺ䴽˫̲סС
ƫ⻹һ˵Сأٹ꣬µĻ¾͸öˡ
ģգգۣ䣬΢΢죬С˵أٵȵȰɡ
ԭѽǸշת࣬ٳ벻׵ŮӣǸˣǸƭߵŮӣȻԼ
Щϲ̲סȥ룬ǰǲҲΪˣԸȥ
һذŵԼôãң
۵ױЦȾ䣬ɽСͿֻѽ֪ʲôʱܻ
£ˡɫתų̲סһ
Ĳɵɨһϵ㣬ֵͷĳ룬⣬Ȼ
е㾪ȣ΢΢СЦ˵ðūŷÿ춼
ҾˣĲû˼
ȻСء

лҪ˵ܣţСQAQ

056

⽥Ũ, ҲתԶȴ˿о䡣
ҹɫ, ӪȴһƬ, еļͷĿһ, ˷ܵĴߴӰԸİš
, ӰɫÿǶȻȥ, 롣
Ҳأô̵ʱôսÿһҪúð, ǧܳʲôӣһǧٺٵЦ, Ӱ, ɶǶָʹ˵ı԰
ӰĬĬ˸ۣʱѾˣȻȥϢ, ذźø, Ҫһ˿и򡭡
Ȼ, ָʹ˷, ҵȱؽĽô˻ǵĺ£
ǣǻеģָʹ˾ܷģ

ж, 佫˵ֱףӰҲϰˣֽǾɢȥӪ徻ˡ
ԴӴǰӪһһȻ£ɢѽеһǧˣ׳һ
Ȼǳ¼ҵĵ̣ȴȻǳ¼ҵ߹Ҳкܶ־¼ҴѹĽ翹
һлó¼ҼɵҲòðΪ֮һǧԣʵ̫ˣûڴսУֻƬ̹ܱ¾һɶ
ڰ͵͵ϣǻڶʳһδεս˲սĴȻӰȴʮơ
ֵԴÿһҲ˵ڵģһеıڴʱ̲סܱǲǻʲôˣһ꾹ȻԱ˾ͨϽ硣
ÿ佫׷Ӱͱ࣬Եڶҽ¶ݣʵʵڵûˡ
һӣҲùˣҹɫȴûʲôӰЩǡ
ǱӪڲǸͷ棬ȴͬѲ⣬һʲô⣬û취֤
ҪӪһŶӣҲڳ¼ҵһŶӣвǱ̽䡣
ʱһ΢Ӱ̧ͷɫһϲżεˡ
Щ鵢ˣ΢΢ףϵԣһսܼѣҪǰ棬һá
ɡӰһüͷʶ𣬵ҶͬǱ˿©󡣡
򴽣۵׻һĨ׼ǵʱ䲻ˡ
¸㡼Ҫհʦسƫƫãټǿ׳ӪУƫҪһ޿̣¶š
Ψˣ⵹пܡ
ְ̧˰棬ĴȴԽѣֻʱ䣬ꡭ붬ˣҲˡ
հĮȻ¶ټǾ٣о㣬ȵõϢĳ¸㡴Ⱥĵս
һ֧С࣬Ҳһ룬Ǻս
ĮﲢδսƲԼ̳ˣ¸ɫֱĮɺҪ֮սʹ죬ȴͻȻɳһɫӰڶ룬ɺսһ
Ҳֻһʼմ棬Ȼң
¸ûСսΣһֱ׷մսҲͰˣοƺõ·ߣֻҪܵڻɺս̾ܰʦس
ɸܳһţ
ۿʤѶ¸һֱӷϣɺսܾսĴҴܣܿûȺС
һͬʧģָʹ
¸۵׻һĨҧгݵ׷סɺ
˫Ӫʾ벢жδ֪ͨǸٶɺܿ죬бȻΣѵǱӪڲмϸ
⵹Ҳǲܣ
¸΢΢˫¶һĨЦһҲQǣҪǻܷŵסŭ
Ϣؾպ󣬽պĵճĴЦ̲ס̽ͷȥ
ָ˵۵ԾǲزסϲɫɺоҹϮӪʣ丸ɶĬʵһʤãð
ģǰһ̹ɵϲʣϲʣеĴݡ
һߵʵҲʮĽݱοȡսĲǽ״͵з͡
ʣΪβǻؾ˵գգۣС̽
С˼סգбһۣĵؾԶأ¼ۺλڶʳŰɣ¼Ҳưոݡ
Ҫּ𣬱¼ҵλãȵסģҲסĮԶԶ
Ҳֻһʼˣ۵׻һĨɱ⣬۳¼Ƿģ׳ڱУҪһ񻰣ҡĵλ
ֻмǧ˶٣̧գʵ׼һʲôְλȻҪǴޣ˫ҪƽЩǡ
εҡҡͷγѸǿܷչֵزѾ㹻ԾٿһЩȻǵó
ĸûôöҡԸܹץסÿһλᣬ̫Ϊѡ
˭޿ɲʶҪ͵Ŀָʹüͷ΢۵׻һĨЦ⣬˺ˣȻȥɣȥš
ðɣǶ͵ȸʹգգۣתˣʿŸʾ
бһۣһȴȾЦ㻰ࡣ
ֻϲ˵滰ˡСֹӵĽջ˸ţεҡҡͷ
ǰСԳ¼ҹвҲУһ𣬽˱㲻ֹͽǻȨȨĽ
Σˣմߵ鰸Ѹöǰȥ֧Ԯѡ
һߵĽ·ϣС̲סЦ⣬·ĹŮ̫ƵƵЩ˵ͷ
Ѿߣü仹δȫȴ¶ģЦ⶯ˡ
²ˣʵϻִҪӪһչûΪͰ˾⣬û뵽Ϣȴָ
ҺʱϵЦ⽩˽һ˵ôҾء
һƤ˵Ļ־Ϊܽҵ¸˻ء
Ļ־Сֹüۼ䱻ЦȻȾƯˮһȪøСֹֻĻҰˡ
¸ղ˵ʲôɻ
䴽ĪЩ̣ɿûʲôعɡ
ջصС̫ͨ˵˾ָʹ֮Ůκ֪ӯˡ
Ǳ˾ָʹκһһŮӽκ֪ϣŮκ֪ӯǰֻκ֪ϣӲʶʲôκ֪ӯǰյҲòӦ
ɣ㣬౸Щ㣬ǵðС״ƫȥ
ѩСѽ꣬Ҳ࣬ѰĹǻẦ¡
úκ֪ӯ㵽ˣС磬üʮ־£һŮеˬһּΪϤĸо䴽Ҫӭȥ˸Сˡ
κָʹüͷ΢ô磬š
ˣκ֪۵׻һĨãȻⲻҪıǺ«𣿻ҪһҿֲŴ
ͬһ±ơ
ǵκ֪ӯ࣬ǰҸ׼ģ˵ÿҪӹȥôãǲҲ
룬ԴȴԾһƬհףɵ˭˵ģ
κ֪ĵĪһֻֿţûСӲҪ˰ɣ˵ʹ̳꣬һֵģ
²˰ɣܰ
Цü䣬ǱһһŹŽǵɽڣ
ûˡ                        
лҪ˵κ֪ϣҾһ 
PSһβ̫ܿԤڰɣȡÿ춼ǿģ

057

϶Ĵ, κ֪һ˾ͺá
С, أ
, أκ֪Сʵ, ˵, Ӧʹ꣬ҽš
, һҽ㶼ѧᣬָ˽̣κ֪ӯС¶һĨ, Ҳĺ
κ֪߽ڽ, ڴⶼûˡ²˰ɣ
ôʹ, ȻһĨʧ䣬ԼδѾ뿪, ȴңңδ
, ˶٣, , һ˵
κ֪ϸҪ˵Щʲôκ֪ӯȴת䣬ݺݵصһۣɹı졣
κ֪۵״żԹ, Դλûڼĵλһǧɣ㱻ѹ޷ֵء
Һ͸㲻߶ˣǱƵīҲһ⡣κ֪ӯɵİѺӵݹú£δüл˵̫ӵ˫ȫѧôѡ
ʮĹأ͸ѡ̫ʼ׼ˣɵΪֹԾδһ˿
ȻֱҳƵЩ⣬㶣һʱûعһԵκ֪ɫѾ׺æСɽ֣ͷһεʹЩʧ񡭡
ֻһ¡κ֪ӯȥκ֪ϰεҵȸˡ
ٴȥ֪Ѿͷǳʲôʱ˻κ֪һᣬκ֪ӯҪߡ
µġЦã̧Ÿȥʱͷκ֪Ѿˣ֪΢Ůμ̫ӵ£
۵׻һĨЦ⣬ӹԴεɫκ֪ӯϣ֪ôŮӵü۾ʶĸо
κС㣿һԺûֺʵǲĶ
κ֪ϣûУ
κ֪ӯţ
κ֪ϣ
һգκ֪ӯ۵Ц⣬ָͷڶȸֵǵڴ׷ӷ
һ٣ԺлֳһɬףԴȵԭǸ
ǰΪ˳ȥŲѻװȻһҳִܣǻŵ˵ġκ֪ӯЦе˵
磬ЩΣѵô˼ҹŻػ
ȭִϻһĨΣæκС𣬻κָʹǱˡ
л̫ӵ¡κ֪׽ӣ޲Լӵ죬ƽڼҲҲͰˣʹʲôط̫Ӻ͹ʲô֪
ֲҪ빬˵ʲôݸ˵㣬ԭǱͼ
ʵλ£Сʱಡƫ飬һֱڱ£ٻؾԼｾЩ֪λĪ֡κ֪ӲͷƤ˵
ҵǾκСã˾׽䴽۵׻һĨЦ⣬˼Ŀ˽棬æôпյ
Įս²ϣغвΪ̫Ҫ˽ѧϰĶʵ̫࣬⼸ձѺĵӺ౨æýͷö
ʵü۱ЦȾͷκָʹһǺ«ȻҪմ֡
κ֪ڶǱ˾˼󰸣ССһ֪γָʹмӳиҵ磬ֻϧһŰ참Դ书ϲ˺ܶࡣ
κСʵĻ綼ˣգգۣ˲˻⣬κ֪ӯߣٺƤҲЩȡ
ˣЦףԣЩӾͲٰ졣
.
Ӫ
İӪֱȷ͵ղһϵεʣһвԸîȻǿǵʺܵʦͽϵ
ʹȻɿܵĴýζԽĲϾѡܵݣ˭֪һλ᲻ʧѡ
һ򵥵ľ档
ʦ˼һîջߣʵϿʲôԸ
ɵĲϴϿϣĿ⺬ЦӦ
îлһĨ˲Ҫ̫ĺã¹شĺжҪǹͨ
ôîͷҲɱУĵĿйâˣĶвţĻаɬ
һ˲䣬îЩ㱣һꣿ
ӵϵİū񱻻оٵָʹһ겻ʱ䣬ѳ
îɱ̸ϣʥΪ
Ҵδյӹּ⣬̧ʣؽͷ˼أ
бһۣЩԾĳɳСһˣûʧЦ˵ֻҵȹæָʹʲô£ܷԸͺˡ
ӪĽͷ࣬ڻߵĿûîֳʲôҲҪǷͬ⡣
îɫÿڵţڵѿ
ܴ΢΢𣬴ǽȿһϷ
ɺϸձĮҹϮӪʣȴҲɶĬ
˺㽫ɶĬתλãйѺ˻ӭղĵ
Ļҹ¸㡶Ȼ̲ס֡
΢䣬ɫصĵ˵ͷҪСġ
Ͼ˶Ӫ˵вֻԽԽѱǲᶯɱġ
ģ۵׻һĨâұ˭Ҫϧ
ʸ䣬һתʵô
ʺ޲ôĹͷոյĺ鵴Ȼ޴棬ЩĵͦãòϹġ
Ȼ˿лһĨɫ׷ʵϲ£
ûסһȥΪСжٳأû뵽//ĵУ浱˶һڹôС;͵ˣ
ҹɫˣ˯ͻȻ˺ŽӪлӿмӵͷ׼ʿѾȥ
˭Ǳĺ书ȴʮָǿƲתͷܣӰ׷ȥʱӪеɶĬӼøȣϽӽǵһ
üܶ˶٣ǳЩͷųԡ
ɱ֮𲻹죬ϣһЩʵɶĬľµһû黹δ壬мǲɳ嶯
ܳĬãһִľ衣ʳࡣ
.
ĵһߵǰЩʱյá
ࣿն۵׻һĨ⣬㻹ʲô
îͷֻЩˣؽͷСģָʹԸ΢š
Ըյ౨з졣
ǣ΢סî˽˫ȭ۵׻һĨޣţһƹܰӪʱܣֺֹһָʹ
ο϶Գ¼Ѿ˲¼ɡ
ӪʣɶĬߵ鰸̧һԵĽ棬Σ
δһԣĮԽթȴʹޱѣɶĬЩĳЩػʳ˵
üͷ΢ȷϣ˹Į
ȷϣֻǲ²ˣͬˣǧкۣô֪ɺĲ֮
̽ҲӦ̽пܵһ
մ˼Щ¼ص߾лҲмֹ͡
ʣòּһҪ˵ձǰ˼ҪĲֹǰԺ󡣡
΢΢ף۵׻һĨʱȥ˹ڵϵîʵܵ𣿡
£ľɱ֮սˮîͣ΢һˡ
޵Ķӡ
üͷ΢ӪӸ֧ΪգΪƶɣƾһ˵ʲôο¼δȴ𺣣ܻš
ޡĦеۣ۵׻һĨ⣬֪ˣȥɡ
ʣº֤ݣţ漱
üģҲȥɣ뾲һ
ǣǡ
һת뿪ĵ¼·ʱСͣȴļ֤
Ҫ˵¼ǷĮ˽ͨ˭òȷе֤ʵʱǻãҪ²ף˭֪ûȵ࣬½ʧսϡ
¼ұǣжȥ¸±ʱȦȻһȴ¸յһɶʱȴѵ˽ͨĮţ¼Ѿȫˣ±Ҳ֮
޴Ӳ֤Ǽ٣ܵĴڶǸеһ̡
Įսδжۣ治Ըʱٳʲô룬ֱӸѯܵ
뵽һ죬ֻû뵽ô磬ЩҲãý֪Ӱ쵽ܵĽ
ܶԣûʲôȸʵθҪˣִ
ҧӣˮлһĨǣ޳ĪҲͨΪѾˡ
βΣҪѸȰ
ĵȿüͷĽգǰ˵ʺΪ𣿡
Ѿսչ¶ͣʾҪҲۣ̣Ī˼ֽ
ΪʲŲһء
̫ȥˣбһۣüͷɻЩʵ㲻
ΪҪ䴽վڽɼ˵ӪĹ¶ʲô·ʲ᲻иĸΪ񼫵಻ʿǣ
ߣǵĵϸһ̫ãȻеƫ̻ܵ򵥣
ЦЦҲܵĵϸ𣿡
ôۣܾƺԾǰӪҪɱҪ˭Թԡ
ʮǰ˹¶ұסһʿ֪ڶʱĸʲôʱ뿪Ķǲ
һ㶣֣۵ӹһĨ˼ 
ӺιΪĳĨһй𣿡
ӡ̾˿ᷭԹʣ
ȷǸʵΪһΣǣȴԹȷѵʾͲ֪𣿡ϥͷַ֪˻ҪһٴⲻǾǲ
һбƫأ
ʲŲˣգգۣ˵ĸ˵ĸĻʵۡ
մ¶һĨЦ⣬ŵһۣûոջ˵ʲôǲˣĸѹޣŲһ۾֮
ǸʿҪѶִһͬŲʧʡ˵
һƵЩ˵̾˿˵ǻ˻ޣ޵СǼĻһҪ
ţḸʣһҪݺݷ͵
ߣҵ˳Ͳ泩˼֣Ҳȷмͣڳ²ߵƤӵһʤмִ֮硣
صͷţ˵öԣܿˡ
ȵȣбһۣĿдż̽ɵôƫ̻ڿɲˡ
ʣͻȻЩ飬ǰܻˣҲӦڡ뿪ҪһֱĿŵ̻Ҫøɣ
ֹʣж֡֡⡭֪ܵ˼Ļᶼûˡ
ƫ̻ʣɴһ˵в֮ţսƵƵҪ˵ģǰĸʡ
˵Цŵһۣ룬˵ԽӲվͻᵽʱ㰢һȥҲʶһǴܹ硣
ð͸߶ȥ˿䴽۵Ц⡣
Сأû˴⣬ͬҲûд˵⡣                        
лҪ˵棬ץסһģദ

058

, ⡣
һʱҪ뾩ˣӰ, Զžǵķ, ԼԼƺܹ׳ĳ, ˷, Ҳǿ˰ɣĮ׵ܵ, Ȼʮľ衶
ĮܵܣֱԶϡλƣ̾Į, Įֻһܵ
ӰΪȻ̲סƲƲ, ץסһСͷĿ˵ز, һץסһү£浱Ը·ʲôʲôأ
ô, 㻹һѶˣӰű, 㼱Ļʲô׽
ͬ, ϵԽԽ׽, ˵ҲѾϰʱʱðˮͳû
ȴĵӦûʱˣ´һѶҲδɡ
Ӱ̲ס˳, һԽԽǷʰˣִҲ˵óڡ
ӿٶȣǰ΢΢ĵӰһδü˵ʲô˱ӡ
ȵȣӰнѸٸϣ̲ס˵ָʹܲܵ͵һ˴󹦣Ҳڰ涼
ʦؾ˳ҪӦǰСģľӸں棬⼸佫֮ĬĹ
ִǰǱ׵İ水ڵĦӡ
Լģ¸ЩҪʲô棬ЦһлһĨްһе
ˣСս¸Ҳץסѱִ꣬ƾһЩƲ˵ǣû취⵹
ǰ¸㡿飬˽ۣʷݣó¸ķͷ
Ҫǰ棬һۿ
Ļ
ܺ˹µϻһĨǰ˵Ļǲ̫һӵﳼ֮ӣȻҲԹ롭
ԺиֳϤӣܵԽУѾ̫ûмˣ֪ʲôģ᲻ỹǵǲǰ˵ĻȫûϾʱһ˲Ҳá
뾩ԽбԽ
ʦؾϱ᲻֪պ֣Ӧûİɡ
ܲȷ
۶һ磬¸ӹԶȥıӰĿԽ
ȡ/
ӡܿ˳˹/ͼʸ¸㡴һĨЦٹ׼ǰƶǵӰ˲
ԵĸģŵѵӣɰĿ֮¡
ߣ
¸۵׻һĨγ֪һܺ󣬻Լ/鷳û취ȥһ۵Լͷ
¼ҵĴѾܲˣܵĳɳٶɵ
ӣշ뾩ǹʲôʧϱȻŭĵȰöӡ
¸ҧأлһĨŹ/΢΢ƫƣһʸֱһֻ㡣
ȺܾɢεĿһƬҡ
㡣
ǡ
.
ǣСѾ˰գַǷ
˵ʦؾˣ
ֹʦؾ׽ĮĴʵ磡
ǰǰżĹ򣬾ȻȽҪˡ
Ϲ˵ǻϵǾܸȣ

ǵİ佻̸мϲ뽾ǴܹǿʢǵԽؽ֮ã׽һĮү
Į˭󣿲һĮ
ʱɸ¥
վڴǰ߸ߵĸŽϵİգԶԶƳһԶ
Ϣȥ𣿡üۼ¶һ˿飬һ˲侹˷ֲŮ
ȥˣֹ⼸Ҳ֪ôˣǱһ¶̫˳ķɸ봫˼أûյţ֮󻻳ӥҲһȷܷյ
ӴջߣԷʲô·û𣿡
δΨһ˺Ǳ˶һѹֵĲ˵ڣǣһë
ꡱһ죬İָ룬üۼһƬƽ顣
ǡ˲Ӧ£Ҫ±˵ȻȷǷյһ˰ɣҪ¸֪
һЩԵ߱ɱŸһɳȥʹҲδүǰҪȥ
ôȥתЩƣüͷԾ㵨ӶûС
ȥӦ
ЦĵɣԿǺηˣƫҪԡ
ܸɳµľֳա
żΪģѰ˺ѿҲʲôôֻΪߣǡĳЩµĲ֡
귢Ĵ²٣йصȴֻһս
ĽݱƵƵΪµĹӪͽڹһ㣬ʤûУܼ٣ȥЦ
ǽ뿴
Щ벻ˣµı󵽵׸ûйϵһİóȻСΣò
ЩܣˤšߴżεﴫЦЦ˵ҲСˣ͡
ǣү
ͷĽŲЩңԼܹż٬˵˵öԣЩܣˤˣҿǻ۵ġ
һвĽݰ骣Ҿ㣬ٸҶ԰ԲѷҴ̰ϻȥ
ݰЦЦǰ̾ߣúݵš
磬Ľݣǿɣܿء䴽ǵĶ죬վڳĻţԾ̽˰ӡ
˵ݣĮܣձѵˡ
˵ĮЩӱͣʱҲ̫ƽˣнԽʱܳʹЩûϵ
ǣؾҲҪˡ
վ˰գмճһԶԶĿβһڻ·Եİմ󻶺
վЩĵȥ߰̽ȥ˻ĽݰЦеʲôȥҽأˤС
㣡õۣڣһǸŵ⣬ֱ޳ܣЦ
䴽Цģûµģ㿴ˡ
һ˵ǰӦؽһƣȴЩͬ
ǰͷƥϾ˴棬һ棬ı䡣
Ҳֻг԰ӪˣŻὫ¡
ڷ棬ģϲԾĴЦ⣬ޱҵѡȺһ۾ϳ
һܣ
齥ϴһһĻܲԾľ񡭡
ĿɿӹȺһİ׻ȴʼûзϤģ

һһԼһһ鲻䷳Ŀ࣬ƶһʧ䡣
ֻǸ飬Ҳøá
еһУֻ
ԼϤ̧ͷʶϷȥų˼ĺĽվڻϣ˷ܵĳ֡
Цÿ
߬һ˲侹Щʣˡ
ĳʬɽѪȫ˽
ùҲһƾĴΡ
һṦ˻ȣ۵ײǳЦ⣬ϥ¹򣬵׵һˡ
֪ѽЦü䣬ˡ
֪̤ɽӣѩҲһ
ԣȡ                        
лҪ˵ʤʦŷҮ
˳㰲һûлĳӡţҲ
Ԥġȴ⡷ղأרɼ
δξˣҶͷûȻ
ۻصʱҶҴææȥıסСδװͰ͵׼ȥ
ӣٱңǾҪˡ
Ҷգգۡ
ӣ뵱״Ԫˣ
ҶQAQ 룡ҳģ
һô⣬һ״Ԫ
÷1V1 

059

΢Щů, ǵĴСɢ˶յĺ
վڽͷİһãȻ, ͣһ˲, ֿʼ
ĸվڶ¥Ϲ˭, ָʹȻҪ
ʦسǶôһ, ĪǹݾȻȥʥ϶Ҫ
İü, ʶİѽԽƵв, ȴȻסɫ/ɫĿ⡣
˶˶Ϊƫ˶Ǿ, һЩĿŻ, ޲ڵǵ˫ۡ
ĽݰƲƲ죬¶ʹߣҲǺܽ, 㶼֪ң
һ, 컬֮, ˵Ȣ, ǰҪ
С˭ѽĽݰƯü۲ԾУ治, ôǵҲһţ
Žﲻ֪˶ٻἸ̫ˣõ֪ʲôȥݡ
ЩҲˣü۸˼ĿУһ۱֮Цһľޣеķա
ʱĽݰ骵ĳôʱˣȴ޷ӣ̧Ƴһۣɫڵ⡣
Сǣ
ԽھѾ꣬˵ΪãʵҲһؽ֮ðˣ˵˾ͼıɫջѹƭߡ
ܽŵؿԽɽˮԶϲù޹ȥǡһأ
һնð
ܣָʹ䴽۵ЦŨңĮǴܵĴ󹦳
дЩܵļŲ˲µȻȾһΣ˵Ǵ󹦳Ѿ
һԹʵݣԸֻһ˵
󹦳Ľݰ骴΢΢ĵ´ܣͣźָˣǳʹðµĺۼȤ
ԽͬȤܵӦ
۵ģЦſܣʻְأȥɡ
һ٣ĵûɵӹһĨţսʱɺĿԣջĽݰϵߣ˵Һܿ
䴽һ·࣬ȺúЪһЪ˵
á
ܴӦ£ȴЩʧ䣬ЪһЪ࿴ۡ
ǰİų뼫Ϊ㣬Ϊӣûǰôˣвһ۵ñӡ
ðգһЩȢؼҡ
Ժˣգգۣһʱն
۵׵չ£ɢһᡣ
ţҼˡ
.
صӰչµʵղȥˣ
ղӰƳһۣû
֪ǰǹߵİû뵽뿪ôʱ䣬Ȼǵ㣿Ӱ˶٣ɻɾǵ㣬Ҳڵӭղųȥʵ̫çײˣڹƣƽϡ
ղŵĳԾЩ㱣һжˣӵˣǳ¸㡣Ҳκˡ
ιô˵ɵˣӰ˴ֱۣѵɱ𵢸£ոպֵ˸¸Ϣ᲻թ
ͳ¸㡸ӶȥͷҪˣȫܣֻ˲١
ʱգĵǽ֮޷⿪һᡣ
ᣬסĮݹ޿ɸģǡܶ˶٣ĳֿܣɫ˱䣬Ǵҵ֡
ʲôӰ΢΢һ
ܴ˫ָףʲôˣ̸ԸȴҲݲκɳӣ壬Ҳִ
֪ºպսˣѴܵĳ֮󣬼㲻ᵱϳ׷ҲĨһйӶ
սûһսֻһ
̫͵ϡ
ĮѺĻ۹ͣ¸㡱̲סվ˳ϣ΢ࡣ
꣬¼µĹָû뵽¸㡻ʱüͷ΢ţк£
ʲô£¾մϹϵ
ϣͨһ¸һ𣬵Ѫ¸㡿ܣ䣬ܱǵ޵Ķӣϲ֤
˫ȭµ¶һ˿ʹ̧࣬ϡ
˵ˣֹ̧ܣ֪ҪȻѡӪ
ƽţܲˣɵ밵Ӫʵ˽˰ţϻʹɼʲû͸¶ֺ
⵽ôһ¶û
ǵµİɣյͣһ˲Ⱦ޵Ц⣬ǰҲһõĻᡣ
¸ҪýƲĴʰú¶ˡ
΢΢ףǡ
αΣѣְĮðȫǲ㣬ǽйģ
ն˶٣˵Ͻսɳͨһ֮Ȼڰ䶼ԸͿţǾͲף°䣬Σ
Σ
Ѿ˵˽취ܷɣο˲ٰ̣սָܹά״ǲס
ϣպ󽫾Ļкӹ֪£ηǱˣ
¸ɫ˲ȴֲұ¶ֻ׵ٺò
֮Ц̫͵սĻ
շǵܵƷֱӽ˱˾˾ֱԱΪС
ͻȻתóдЩ£˾ֹϵĿķǴܱȨ
ķˣϾ˼ٺֱ֮ȥԺ
ԺѽãûԺǽβĶ͸볨ķţԼƳһϤӰ
ˣ֪Ķð˳ڲס˷ܣŻˡ
۵׻һĨЦ⣺ţˣ
еˣûǸԽĻжţ춼Ź޲ðѹյԽȥɶģԹ󲻾޵
ۣʵĶ
ȿȡһԼҭ̲סʵ㻹أ
Ƴһۡ
ô˵أ̫ӵºͶ°ѹøƵģԽǸּСҲԺƣСκָʹҲڸţ֮
ûټ˵ȥȴѾʮˣֻ////һ
ܣͻȻһ£ĽӳȥԴ߳һ亹ղЩӦûɣ
ЩͣЦеĿ˵˵Сκָʹڸţȥҿҵˣٻҡ
ǡ
ſܣɴ棬룬ֱӰԼС鷿
һ·ȻˣЪЪúȥЩԵġ
æµıӰŵī㣬вԾҲۡ
һһĴΧİ裬ҪʧĹɲΣ߶ϡ
𣿡䴽ȥϵߣȴһʶİס档
һһֲõԤУôˣҿ
ʹ޳ָذ棬һʱ֣һίŪˡ
һ㶣ʶȥ˫֣ûƿߣӲһǳǳѪ裬ǵۡ
Ѹתȥ۵׻һĨң֪ˣûŵ
˵ùƫ⸱ģһ·ҴҵоϾȥ˼Щ
ֻԽԽá
ˣ΢ߡתȴ˳סˣ䴽ҵҩ

ȴӰ﷭ƿҩ࣬һƿľͿȥĶᣬᣬĿרע档
ѿ𣿡ʵ
һ䴽Ư뵳һˮ࣬Ц˵ÿˡ                        
лҪ˵󣡾޳󣡺ߣ

060

ī鷿, ΢΢ۿۡ
Ӷ, ڶڰο, ۿԼ, ҪοҲԼ
𣿡С, Сȴú, ˳ǣϵ˿ڴ⡣
Į书ǿߵȴһһ׺, пʮˣܵ˿ڵڶδȬ
Ҫ֪, ڵĹָǿ, Ѱ˿ֻձټ
֮ʱֲڲĺۼƲˡ
ͲˣЦЦ, , ֻһСˣձȬ, ʱ򡭡Ҳ̡
ǿ, ü䣬̲סЦ˳Ҳûʲôģôڳ˴󽫾һС£
ʹ, ţҲǲģ᲻ϲ
ֻҪϲһЩ飬ȥ֮ǰǷµĳŵһһٴνУֻҪԸ⡣
ô˵أǰûйƵľ֪ô֪⡣
ҡ죬ްϷӿ·Ļ˵ڣַ·ʲô˵ô죿
ףŪĽʣŰɫۣƳԽƽİۣôûȥһűʯó󣬻Цġ
һĿӹ𪽿۵С֣ĪЩתͷᣬǲҡ
ҸѽգգۣϴЦͬһժ·ϣµһ챦ʯǶȥһƯǷľͽҰɡ
š۵ӹһĨᣬ˶٣ʵ˵Ļ𣿡
һ䣿ü䣬֪뵽ʲôƯˮﻮһĨ°ͣһգգĿҼԲ̫أô죿
ţ̲סЩȣҴұߣ˹Ӧһ
۵׵ЦԽŨüͷ΢΢һĨķ飬չȥͬˣ佫һ𣿡
ܺһͣӽԭزҶûЩֻǾӦߣʲôʽ
ʱ洫˼춯ŽԴŭĽݰ죺ˣպСȥԽѽѽСǲҲҪȥ
ҿƤҲҸˣҲһ׮£ҿһããС
ˣ޺޵죡ٸҺ˵˵Ų˰վˣ
ҰȥôĽݰü۵״ŴЦ⣬һĿϣüͷʵô
֮ǰȥϴܹҲˣһЩ֣ڸڻʹȴڽ鷿ʵ޷롣
򴽣¸ϣͷԽѡ
ȥԽĽݰ˵
Ľݰȣǰ΢΢ƮţԵԽĿݳƫһ˫Ưü۴ϷЦ⣺ǿɲһǲǰС
㣡̲סҧ˵ΰɣ
ȻǸʴӦֳҲͬ£ܻûǵҪ׵ĵز
½ղûɿڵ˼ȴҲûּĽݰЩȥԵΪֹԽʹŶ˾ǡ
ԽĻӲ٣ɴ˹صݷͬѰ߹ʹһһĽݰȴݣԵĴվȥ
Ϊ£ëˡ
Ľݣ磬Ǳˣ䴽ܽջؾһȥӷϴΣ
ܴСڰӪھǸûʲôѣǰ๬Ըƣڡֻһˡ
üͷ΢ܵĹϵһʼͽҲûƣܳ˽ָϵ׽ټȥ»ð
\"ã\"̧Ľݰ骣ãˣǴܵĽԽòҪϹϵ
ĽݰӣĵĳЩ˰Ҫ˽ˣ棬һ˽ʵôߡ
߱ߣ£һŽߡ
ߵ̫£͸ֵһƣͣĽݰ࣬Ŀİ
ȥԽġ
Ľݰ۵ЦⲻͷȻһȥ
ܼ⣬ѹͺЩϸܴϿκ쳣ȴòԾԽĴ
ǰԽܰؼûɻܣûҪȢ뷨ʲôıǣ
üͷƳ۵޵ĵ⣬Ȼ˷ԽǱԽһϽ뿪С
ùţܴӽߵ࿤ǣֱӪ
Ӫ˴ƬǾüͷ壬ûдǵ¡
սܻ꣬Żǲףοڶʳвȫ𣬶ǵսһһѪƴġ
һӰ鰸ǰ̳ƣһ̳Ѿ˷⣬ŨľӪš
Ų΢٣塣
ˣ̾һͺá
šܴǰһ̳Ҳ˷⣬Ȼʵʵһԡ
Խͦεˣ۵׻һĨ㱣ܶǰҲȹһˣʱᣬѾ¸
תѾȥʮ꣬ѧСѾ̤·顣
Ҳû¼ҵЦЦ̧ļ򣬡ܸ˵ġ
ʹ˵Ѿ֪ҵҪز׮ͨа
ǰǺ¡Ӧ
˵𣿡̧ƺܹ͸濴ݣʣ벻˭ԸȰΪ¼ҷΪʲôֱղ˵
ҡҡͷ̾ҿû£֪˭
Ǵî취ܿҲٸԣǴʮּɵ
֪îѰ׮¸˻ϡ
ǣǹļ΢Ŀʣ۵С
ʣֻн֪
ΪЩеĿ϶ͻȻ޴ҸΣһʱš
ڻǰɰðշǳҪ鷭֮ѣвܵǣû뵽ȻðȥЩ
ҡ
Ҳ˵̫磬ѾȥʮˣҪҵ֤ݲףʳĬһ˲ܷҲҪȫԼǣȥ
ҲܳԾԾֻ֮ʣµǡ
΢΢ףܶҶҵ֤ݣϴһݣϲѹ޸ҡ
һҭϴҲδء

ˡ
򴽣壬˵ûпܣҲң
㣿ƤЦⲻЦĺߺţϵģ
ҾǡС˵
ͼչȥһۣʱе¡
ǵͼȵȣ㲻Ӳɣ
ţҲǸ⡣
һƺȥЦ
Դ۵¶ЦС˵լӣ֪ϲ
ʣ
лҪ˵ôưΣߵȣͦģ

061

࿤, һڵˡ
߳һʱգŹ˲, ôʱȥ, ϲҲȥ, 徲˲١
ѵŷüͷ, ǰһѸٻЦӭȵ, ͽȥͨү
컹ûдһԵø䡣
¸㡴Χһһľ, ̵ĸǰߡȻֻǿĹȴǰߵȼ, Ľ
ү𣿡¸̧ʵ, ûУԺͨҲһ
ЦЦɾү, ǰͷԺ˵ô, үÿ϶ȥһҲû¹
¸, ȥʱ, յǵϢȺյϢԽԽˣû뵽Ժİˣ档
δ˵, һ˿
뾩æδü𣬻ڵʱ£ҪһҲûǰס
һ֪꣬ĵǷ
ʱһ޳Ӱ˽Ϥдһ˿İݣ¸Щ㱣Ŀ˵ߡ
㣿üͷ΢ԾڴϵĴɱ۵׻һĨԽĲ
ԭΪܶ䶼ʱĥɼ¸㡲ף˭Ĩ˭ܱ֤Բ̤󣬲Ὣʹ
߲Ըǰ飬ת½ʲô
һδ㣬¸ϻһĨӲߣȥ˱ǹȥˣ˭Ҫǻǰһѣô
ˣ΢΢ĵ½ĺˣЩû취ڸǣĲϣҲؽ͡
ûٸ¸ѵĴ㣬ƣֵ²ɾ֪ʲôʱͻᱻЩǸĬġ
֮⣬¸Ϊ˽թ㣣Ϊϲȷֵ
¸һȭͷ߬˵֪ǰߣδ˿Բ㣬ԶңֻΪ
ߴȻĬˣ¸۵ײ˲ǸģҶˣߣҲд𣿡
ϻһĨЦЦԽǰˣΪ˳Ӿ͸ýر֣ǰߣˣҲв롣
ĵһǱ䣬¸ȴȫȻ⣬ĵİŪĺӣ˵ҲǧСӦû֪£ߣ˵أ
ʲô׻һĨɫࡣ
ʰ°ȷԴº֪飬ҲԶ֪ʧ
ֻѶѣ¸ЦЦ˵Ҳ𣿡
Ŭѹе񣬵£½㡣
߲͵ĺ𣿡¸۵׻һĨЦ⣬ֲԱߵĽУ˵°ĻĮǵϿԻƽ
һж飬ø
߰Ѿֵز𣿡Ľݰҡ߽Ʈݵ΢΢𣬴¶һĨεıģֳɫĶ飬Խڵ϶û˼ȥѵûţ˵δˡ
СһԽףʱ˵̸̫
¸۵׻һĨɫɫƵĿĽݰ骣ԽС˵ǲ񡣡
ĽݰüܺùĳЩĿ飬ǿų档
㣡¸࣬жĳɫȷʵ㶥⣬ȴҲΪףûĽݰ˵һ˵Եۡ
ԽܽãϸĽݰھǴôʱ䣬¸ҲóȻ֮ΪУֻĽݵǺôĿЦ
ҲЦĽݰ䴽üۼ¶һĨ½ѷѹֻ¡
һԲ˿ûвֵ˼¸㡶˶٣ջߣôĽݵ
ƾ㣿ĽݰЦһֻһжˣǰҪʮа˺УֻܱɫȥǿƯ
Ľݰ骳ŽüǣǶκУִƯߣҪô
ߴ¶һĨЦ⣬Ӧã
ϵЦôۣ¸˫ȭһЩҪߣͷȥԺ㡣
ȥӰлһĨ⣬û뵽¸㡻ƴҲҪвͼʲô
ûκֵͼıĶ
ⲻ㣬ĽݰбһۣϲΪҪţ
ûлش򴽣˵ղţлˡ
Ľݰ骳û裬˭Ҳ֪¸㡻ڿã߲Ըð֪һУð
ѾŬһøˣȥ²ᡣ
Ľݰ骵һûг⣬лСҡ
ߵһۣתˡ
ͬʱԺѾʵĶܶຢӶҪļֻϲʱ䡣
ҲδʱᱸЩ緹ǣδɣֲܳס⣬Ժ飬໹īͽڲġ
ڵİӣؤѭ۰Ͱ͵Žȴֲǰ
˭֪Ĺ˲ǣЩƤҿֻؤˣƳһۣм˼ӳ̵Сַ졣
ɡȵĴнӹؤ
վһԿϲԾ䣬Цôˣ
ҡ򴽣˵Ժ
գգۣԥĽ¶Ļԣˣƭҡ
˵ΧؤֱĶţвٺҲ׷ЩС͵ûϸ
ĶѾˣûסЦܹĿĹʲôû˵أѾߵòˡ
Խڴˡ
Ͷ࿴䴽һҪϸˣȻ쿴ˣ˵ء
šܵӦ£ȴԽĺˣ룬˵˵Ҫ̱գ𣿡
ԺҽǷЩ
Ȼֻ㹫æпôʵ
ܺԥĵͷпա
ܣ½κ֪ϴŹٷƣ۵㻹ǷأйЩСëӣ
ȣյȣ궼ҪȥˣŰȻ
ٵȥͳʯˣ
ܿ˿κ֪ϣĿ˽ϣµЩڣȻ֪Ļԣȴû𣬲֪Ƿ񻹼ǵá
ûʱ׼Ķֻþһа취Ҫ
Ǿһ̰ɣܿκ֪ϣҪûοЩҲǿ̫ࡣ
κ֪һڣ޲õ
УõκȥԥľܾЩһϰ䣬κָʹˣ
ޱ˾սæûʱ䡣
ղ˵Уκ֪ñӶˡ
Ժ
Уȥκ
ûʱ䡣

κ֪ҧ̲ס˸۵ԺʲôõģһȺûСëӡ
ʱЦеκ֪˲ҭסȵȣʲô˲õܣ
ܣ°ͣЦãԺԺ                        
лҪ˵ˣԶ̰칫ŵһ˽ԼӸţŬϣ

062

Įܻ׽Ϣúܿ, ԾӵʱһĮڵ˸߰ͷ­
ĮǶ棬ͳĮĮ, ֮, ɳ͵Ķ顣
׼ȷ˵, Įȱү, סǶֻҪĮ, ͲвĮİȣϣֱڴܡ
ЩĮĸ뷨үȴ൱ִ, ʲôۣһҪŻ
, ˭֪һǲ, 
Įһϣ͵ʹպ󵽴˾, ǵĶҲܳ, Ա𵱳ʦؾĳ棬Сࡣ
ʹǰ, Ǵܵʶ, ԿĮľ衡
Χ۵İȺʱɧȻԺܹʤ̣׽ĮүܸĮս, Ȼսƽȣ˲˴˵ĳ衣
ǿ͵ĽȻľ衣ֺŭ޲ó϶òҶӣôô䣿
ľȴȫȻյĿ⣬߸ߵϣͷ­ʮȴ׳䣬ˡ
ӭӵ񲿹Աٽײߣľ衿ϵĹٷɫÿ
ǴܵĴ֮𣿡Ӹµʵ
δɺͽ֮ǰҲƲǿ͡񲿹ԱľһŴ֮Ҳˡ
ǴѴͣĮɴôѺáܴȺ߳ɴ棬֪İնʱ˵ֱͦ˼
˴˵ǻˣɴƳɣ
ǰǴܵĽʿڣ¾ǵİգռǵأ
ΪܣʲôǴܲӮң

ľԸ߰ʱֳܵ裬꽫ܵ£ûгԹٴھȻһȺɫࡣ
ĮֻĮһүˣͳֻһС䣬ƵǵĴҪʩѹĮͣ
Сһ죬ḶۡľĿİɭ䣬вζܺη֮ӡ
ҵš
нһգһգţѾܽˡ
ĴҲľ衶ϣűȫ𣬶ҲӴʧȥӰʬ嶼ûҵ
Ҫ嵱࣬ľкҪһҲֻ֤޴ûбѹܣͨУ
ľ뿪ıӰܶ˶٣ԺиֳһϤ̧֣һСջӰֺܿʧʱһСԺ
Ժһķֵӣݺ񣬴ʱȴһֻӣëϴ˻˿
ܸշǽͷӭöЩΣѸٶ˹ȥժգҡ
һ٣̧ܣϻһ˿οˣ
мˣܿ첽߹һѸëаһֽɨһۣʵģ
աšһŪĸ⡣
𣿡ֽϸûʲôϢ̧лһ˿ڴ
ˣܸµʲôɣ
ˡ˵
򴽣ҺҪգĹϵͬѰҲֻд֣ܲ鵽ҵͨеࡣ
Ҫ𣿡һѻ𣬺üۼȴһĨ䵭һ봫һһһӲսɳɽϻȴһЩʲôкҳֵҵ
ܶʱĬ
һһĴˣ߳彭볯õһ룬Ҳֻʣһˡ
¼ķǴһ룬ϸҲǰһˣĸޣҵҵķһӵһ̶и
ҲΪˣѭǰļ䣬հæǣƿ
һߣΪգɽӰգ仰㻹ǵ𣿡ʵ
һѾˣҲáĵӦ
ϴӦزɰҲֻܼɱΡ
ЦһĶʧҲȥģкβͬ㲻Ϊ⣬ֵá
м鳼ұ鳼СˣұɱСˣ򴽣ⲻĽڣգҪҡ
ƾһ͸գǣƿĮж
մܽ˵ľѾ˺£ΪͣһܵӦϵһûᡣ
͡еĶһ٣̧ܣϻһĨӡ
ǰΪСӲŻû뵽Ľ죬Ȼƾһ֮ƽϢĮܵˡ
ãջҪΪʦ縺ص
ʦ

ɣһı£д붼ǸѧģǰƵϰʦͽⱲʵʦͽһ
һᶢţԺÿѮյʱ򲻱˵
á
հæܶʱһ˿ľ衵Ͳףڻһʹݡ
Į뽫йᣬҲֻǻɰˣûʮȷ֤ݣҲһľ衵òǻ¡
򴽣Ѹʧûñֵȸ֡
ǰһҽСǧ󡯵ӣҲȸһңŮѡԥЩջ˽ȥ
ǧηӶĿĿӹһֵƵķ۵׻һĨãȻ
Ŭϵϸڣһδ϶ڲͬûرļɻϲãֻƫɫ
һСַ۵ɢӨĹ󣬼һ˲˵һμʱ
ϲİɣ
Ժȴյģû˹ݵӰĵһ׷ɨСʵأ
СãȻݻعˣѾ˴ʱ
ת̤˷ܣṦѸ׷ȥƬ̺˳ݵӰϽѾʮֽˡ
ڵݾܹ빬Ҳ׼һҪ֪Ҫʲôʱ
ҧ׷ȥ¶ͷڳݺǰȫγ˵ǲơ
̽˰Դ½Ҳ빬
ܺ޲ð򴽣˵
ڿ⳼
ƿᣣĴ¶һŽεС˵ɢɣ
ֽ֪ܼ˼۾ţ˵ҺѼԺˣȥû
ǡ
䴽°ϣЦʵҰʲô𣿡
ͻȻЩˣԴӻټмֲڣʲôһ˫ƯˮҶӡ
սûҹ
һѺĵвŵض㿪ߡ
ǲ̫³çˣĳ
̵ĴһУȴֲ̫ҽǵкܶΣѰһ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ЩգԼûжȻһܹۡ
ǡֱţЩͣĻȴ˻ȥ¶ĶȾһɫǣǡл񡣡
л񣿡ͷֽӹ˽УӨֻлһĨ
Ӳȱ鱦ʯֻҪصθǶţëСС飬ܾﲻһ
̣ĵ׻һĨ⡣
л񰡡Ҫлʲôأǲ˵ףҿǲյġ
ܶʱˣ˹Ц˫֪ôۿģѰٿޣȴüΡ
ʱĺܴô֪
ܵ˵лҩ
ֻ𣿡գգۣƯһĨһӦıǶһź챦ʯء
һ㶣ʱЩȣС˵ˡ
ûϵžͺã䴽üۼȾһĨЦ⣬лͶġ
ҵĽ̫׾ˣһơ
ϲ𣿡򴽣ĵЩ
ոЦܿĵģѵϲеա
ҲõϡˣʲôС
ûشӽóֻ̯ģԼĶϱȻһʵÿ𣿡
šܺԥĵͷ
ü¶һЦƯˮдһ˿ģǡ
ÿҺÿ
е㱣ɰͰ͵˵ÿ                        
лҪ˵ܣ˵õأ
˯˯˭ˣûϢ
ܣQAQ

063

׻ǻص˻ʹ, ԶȥĳݣȻʧ򴽡
֪ʲôʱټ, ɲ˭ܽȥ, 㴳˲, ҲڰӪм¾
Ժû˽, ںתȥ˼αȻζ, ԰Ӱ˹ȥԼȥգʵԺԸϰ˲, 󲿷ְջƷΨжߵͷ
κ֪ԭЩڱӰڼκ, û, Ҳûйһķ˽˾Լɰϡ
ṩ, ¼ҲɵǼ, ּһľ衵ּ, ֽŻīˮ, Ҳκ©
ҲΪݼ֤һż㣬״Ϊ¼ҷͷ
żڴ£ľ衵һˣǸպÿԳûõһЩ, ȷϵżǷ
㴫Ϣ˵ΪʤᣬڴԼԽĮʹһ֡
ʤѹȥ˴£Įǰ͵ʹȴǸյãһڹϣվٰĿģֱԶ
볹׵׵ĴĮһ⣬ƫǰͣҪҧ¶Цܡ
򴽣ȴʣڹٰᣬӦûڰɣ
յ˿ѾȫȻȥܹˣ΢΢˴ǣĵķ·
ǰΪµѶֻ˰ɫǼ࣬·ҲͲܴˣСĵıţ¡
ʽһͬǰɫڵĹٷΪۣҲԵͦΡ
۵׻һĨǰδʱ򲻾ΣȴԽĽƲѾ˴޵ͣûжʱˡ
װ׵վǰеһжȻȻռС
ڶһ磬ܻ£硣
ûд־Ե棬ڹ˲Ŀ⣬ƽΪκ֪϶̲סչֱҪ
һǯסκ֪۵죬ȴ̲סЦ½˭أ
˳ɾΪ˹£
κ֪ϼ鵹Խã޲ðЩܹȫ
һˣʤһܵ꽫ȻҲʼɫˡ£ĲŰ
Ƴһۣӿ˽Ųκ֪ü첽ϣչȥ½֪ɣȥ깫ʱּСһ׵ߣԽĴȭͷҹ飬ĳЩš
˵𣿡ܵɫԽԽѿȭͷԽ߬Խ۵һƬް
֪ݵ΢սеһжҲԶԶȲԽӡңЩ·ÿһ䶼ʾǻԽԽԶԶûпܡ
ֻסռ˭ܰߡ
ܵԽ£κ֪ŵһȻס죬ŲԶ¡

ϵ˲Ҵתɫһ˲Ϊѿʲô£ֻһͬعͷĽݰ骣
κ֪˲ˡ
Ľݰü۵Ц⣺½ڿ˭أ
Ľݵ޹ءת˵
Ľݰ骵ģǶԽδģһտġ¡ͷֲԸھǿյʱ⡣
Ĺ׻жڵǣ
ղҷ·ںС½ǿˣĽݰ˿ԹԵ˵һղٳٿСǾܡ
ɫ࣬Խı䣺Ľݵأδ䣬޹ϵ䲻ܽеġ
䣿һСЩ
Ľݰ骴¶һĨȣƮݵڶǰ׷ɣĵҡ˵㵹ϲ£лŮԸСϲʲô취
٬ü۸Եޱȷǵĳƺըˡ
⣬ȴڴܿţô򣬳Բѷ
ϣһ˿մȾĹ¡
ʲôҲ
ˣܾ죬۵׻һĨɭȻȴƴؿţҧһһٵԶ㣬չԽ
ֿ£ƺ޲ðǰ˺ˣĽݰû뵽ķӦǿңֹסһ亹æԶȣС쿴ǴܵĽһǴ³
ûתȥֻĽݰ骣ȭͷзס
һˣҲҪ
ʵ޷̡
ܣɿдһ˿
һ
⸱ģãײк壬ĺ֮ͽ
ǿˡ
ܻ֣ĬĬصͷһʱתȥ
δʼȴѾ࣬ΧĿ׷˹
򴽣ϵıʯѾǶˣһһ˰ɡ
ǡӦͳ࣬Χţ̵ĸ
̤ϤĹ·һשһߺδıһ꣬ȴºڣվԭزҶʱԶĹ⣬Ǻҹ죬ȱϯ
û
ڣϲʲô֪
ʵ̫ˣǰıݣȢͻ뿪
⣬ȥѽȡԸ
ûʲôܴı仯ϤĲľ·ղż̧һССĽ䡣
ÿһҹܻصŴһĺ
ôˣɢźĹˣʵǰɴû
ʶ߬Ȼǲϲġ
ĽݰĳƺͷһĨţһ˿Ʋסίѹ
ȥԽ𣿡ᣬһֱͷҿ
ʵΪأ
ܶʱĬ
֪ȷȥκһ˿Ŀԡ
ȥд
˲ӵܣЩۡ
Ҫȴǲҿڡ
ܾ
˿Ѿ𣿡˵ϣչȥǳǳĺۼ
ܾס䡣
ȥԽ
䴽΢Сָס˫ۣյղĵϣɿһڡ
ţҲȥ
ЦüۼȾһ˿ŮɬĵˮԽƯ
ҪԸ                        
лҪ˵ܣȵȣһΣ
˯˯Ӧң´λTAT

064

64
ֱܼ, ˶κġ
ܽס˫иܵһ˲, չʲô
кܵζ, , ·ϳеѬ, ܼǵú
ǵúĴϵ, ΢ɲĺ

Ļþ
ǲСĲ᣿
ľٶ
ܲٲȥȲҪ˫΢Сȴôƿ, Դյ
ȷˡ
޷ƵĶһɫ, ˫Сָǵտʼȡ
һ¡
һ¡
Դκ, ˼ҳһŽô죿
׻ȥ𣿿ǹ
ԴģǽĴ˲佩, ͸, ܹܵϸ⻬ļĺ뱧
ǹ
ͳżƣȾһ˵/
ӵԶռ, ھͰȢؼҡ
֪Щɬ, ϸֳһĨΣȴԾɰԵĲ
׼˵ȥװͰ͵˵
󻹱εţűĴְ޳ȴɢȵ¶, ͸ļԺ
㲻ǼˣЩ㱣ϸŷա
һ֪ģ̫ˣ
ԣˣ
ԥİѹƵϣ˵ĽԽĴӣ㲻øֵģȻȻӲһ𷣡
򴽣ܿת˻⣬һʱЩʧ䡣
˵ȥ
Ҫ׻ȥͺˣĴ/һ𣬺
ʲôأղŸ˵Ļ㶼𣿡һ˵
̻عʶ빫
װͰ͵ĵһۣܵԴʹСḡԹγԲѷǧҪƭˡ
㲻־ˣҲ׼һ¶С
ܶʱʧ˲ĲȥԽ𣿡
ϲΪʲôҪ
ȥ
ҡҡͷ̵롣
͹Թ
šܴӦ
ٻصϵʱѾһ£ǽⱸµġ
ǰʽɫӶһģһ
֪֪ܲԼĳߴģºȴṳ́ʵ㡣
ԭһֱڵ
κ֪ϿŻըëֻƬ̱㻻һģǵӣϻʱʱ¶ɵЦŮĿ
һʲô鵤ҩˣκ֪Щͷԡ
ֻȥһѡ
κ֪ۣϸµĴͷ죬·Ծǰɫȵȣ·ˣ
·ˣ
κ֪ϡˡһŵʿˮһƨ/ɴλϻˤϡ
׸ʲôɥ飡
ʱܵĿպκ֪סؿڣͷװʲôû֡
ˣ
̫
е㶵ס
ܿŮڵлˮ䣬ö˿Ʈ䶼ɫ
һӰ߽˵УĳŽ
Įʹľ衲μϡѹö˿ŮɷһˮҲŻӴ˷
ᱻԽңյҲǺܺãľĮ󽫣ȴòܹΪǵʤأֺܿЦ⡣
Įľ衣û뵽Ҳģ̾һŴӵĴ󽫣ЩϧЩңɣϣĮʹܹƽദû뵽ڽʵ֡
Į쳣ˣֻдǣŻ
Įľ˵еĴûôܷٳĮʹܵƽϢҲδ֪
ϣ֪ڣļ̌ȻǺദҲӦС
չһЦĵӦʱˣһȻˣںܰȫ
Ŀϣ޵мҪ㣬ʮǰ½ȫû֪ȥĶˣ
ڵ飬ղ㹢ڻȴҲľܻش𣬻Ϣ󣬵һ͸¶ʲô
ľЦЦԲϵȴţ˵˵ڵָʹ½Ķӣսʤޣָʹȴ׽ĮЩָ֪ʹɸҳһս
дһ˿ſдƿܡ
ľҲȷſʱµĮҶŷɥôаܼ
еնʱĮܵĹϵǽţܷҲδ֪ľ衵ܣһóѣƽ󽵵ͣĮҲǿӲ/
üͷû뵽ˣľ衾ƴܡ
ܵƳһۣϣս
յɫ࣬ʤһƬãܰܣĮûôˣʱܵĴúܱ
á˾ոսΪָʹִƴ֣ò档
ںĮľƣǵĳеƽ⣬ҪȵǱһӡ
Ů£ʦҲͣпյģܺľԶ
彣Ѿ˻Ƕһͨ͸Ưĺ챦ʯȥһ˿⣬ЩϰߣĶϲҸ
ƾһ챦ʯҲҪľ衺ݺݵʰһ١
ľʹһ䵶ϸűû䣬򴽣Щŵ˹
ܵʵȴһδðա
˷ɿսһ𣬵ӳ˸ܵۻңľȴܹձܿսľ飬ޱֱѷɫʲô
ȴڰеԽԽİ۵׻һĨķâľһƷڵأâǰ
ľ衻սеĽȴĲˡ
ָʹΪϷľЦһӵվҲҵĵ¡
۵׻һĨսʬأ
ĮӢµʿҪĹȻιˣľ۵׻һĨָʹӦøˣң
ٴ˽ɫ䣬׼ľ衡
ʱ˿ֻ̣һͷ
ɱ
ˣٴˣ°䣬ȥɡյ
˽۵ǲʡ
Ϊ׵սһж޷ٽͣҲΪս¸֣֮һʧ
š
Ȼһιǵ³
˵ⳡҲ½أڣƯȾһ⣬֪ĮĴοһʤŶǴܣϾĮпء
ľɫ࣬ĿֻһʱʧСռ˱ˡ
ˣղ׽ҲʧˣĮĽ쵹Ϊƫһʱʧء䴽۵״һ˿ľ衶ʱƿڴһСŮ޵ǺôĿ֪ôġ
һߵ۵Ҳɱ⣬ǴܵĹ˵ʲô๷ֺ
ĮʥϣǺôĿĿ¶׹⡣
۵׻һĨɫôĮҴ¿ս𣿡
ľһĺǳһ
սδڻӼ䣬ŽգΪܵĹѳˣû뵽Ȼڹơ
ѰĳӼҾҲˣǴܵĹǴܻʵļϵ
ľ衵ͷ˵ʶ£ʵʧˣϺ͹Ī֡
ǣЦһɡ
ܻصλϣʹҵٳ޷
ľ˵ѾսѾս
Ըš
һ飬¸ᱻ
ʲô
ֱĻľϯܾ裬뿪ˡ
дҲɢȥӰȡ
ŽѿյλӣȻʧ
뱧δɵ¡
̵ĳͷȥִ彣ϣŽǶıʯ
΢¶Ĵ/ꡣ
˰ͷϵ£̧ųȥ
ţ·ˡ
Ϧ£ɫҲ찵ˣ˳Ľ˽֪˶á
·˵
ЦĻԣѾ˱ƭȥ׼
ˡ顢ҶЩø
ܹˣ
·ϴˣ˶٣˵ȥæһɡ

򴽣첽˹СɾµĶϣһֻϤ
ֻһֻһֻϴֻ
۾ÿ
ĪеĻңǲģɸոļûü¡
еζǲ̫ˣҪֵġ
ô˽Ҳ磬ľˣôȥġ
ţﴽ۵һƬᣬ֪Ϊ˻ҡ
һߣЩڵΪ˴ܵ
ǰ˵ЩҲΣڷЩˣǰ˵ӣڡЩһˡ
ЩҲ֪ƣ˵ġ
ڻУ˵ܱһô
̧ͷ˫ڴ밮Ľ۾СȻƮ졣
ô
ʵѽ
ҪǱܾ˶Ρ
ţһƬӰѾǰȦһȵĻУá
ʧˣܽرסŻе/˼ĺܰ뻳޷ֵ૵һʧ񡣡
״ĶϣСϸĶڶϷӿС˲䱬졣
ۣݺݵѹ궯Ȣ㡣
ЩǱתƽӲ
ƿڴ
ˣ
·û߾ˣ
ѽˣ                        
лҪ˵ض̫ˣ

065

صլԺɾþòƽ
ŵЩƮ, Դκģϴ޵Ц, ˶˲١
ڵլԺʱŵĵط, ֻ, , 㹻нΪ׽ס
˾ĸõڳﱸҪһʱܳס, ԭ¸ַҲȴǲ⣬ΪҪ깤ˡ
ʵʷĹ, ඼סڹҪ, ͨܽ, ˵Ƿ֮飬˵һЩ
ܲͬҲԸǿ, µѡַʽһ⡣
ѹΧլԺȫ, ܴһ
ָʹ, ǡͻӰ̲סʵ, ·ϼˣ
ƽϲ¶ЦľܣһӾ꣬ʤ̶û¶Цôˣ
ϺҲû̫ر顣
£Ƴһ, ʵ鶼ˣ
ӰҲǳ԰ӪھǸûŵĵطĸ֣ԱҲס˽һ챱˾顣
ˣľҪþĮҲ޻أ¸Ҳǵ֣һһӰ˶٣ԥǲ̫Сˣľֻ˼ʮ֣ȳĮҲ߲ǡ
򴽣׻һĨ⣬ĮأֻߡӦأ
ȷǷĮйǳ¼ҸԽСĽͬҲʲôСЩûд
һʧ֣ʧսĲգ
Ȳڶˡ
úúãˣӰЩΣʱܿܵһЩȴЧܶĮͽָƣľһս˴ŻҪСЩ֡
ܴ̣ҵ

Ҿ͸ȥ޻ء

ײУ̫ײˣ
ҹɫ٣ܻҹ£߽С
ɱ⣬Ա߷̳ƣɢŨζ
ʦһƨӹһֻȡ
նԣһ룬ǣ޹ңҲңڣΨŲ¡
һǾƣΪ⡣
ľһСйӴĵΪݾߣûн٣ô죿
һû뵽ľôжˣɰӪ뱱˾Ǳ߶û쳣ڶ֣̫Щ
Բ֣ǱܲӪͻᴫϵĶʱδ˵塣
ʦȴδԸⱩ¶ԼϾһ꣬ڴѶ˴С
ȶţĮʹͣͨаҲܳƬ̣ľ衺֪¼ͨУҲʲô顣
ľ衲Уһ֪󣬱ͨж񷭰ɣҲǣ
֮ǰ֤ݶڴ£һȥһˣܶ˶٣Ǳ߾Ͱʦˣһᾡ˲Сݡ
һǲֱɱ˸ɴࡣ
ףҪȴѣʦǹΪұԣҲһᣬдһ˿ΣҲʧ
еĶһ٣ƤӲС
ܺٺٵЦϸüۼŹ⣬֪˿ܲʵ߸ϵĹôϲһﳼ֮ӣ
ϲ
ϲţȴޱȼᶨĳȥ
һΪǽɽӣƭϱôˡ˵
ҲƭЦЦϴһ˿ɬͽǸյǵСӣҫҡ
նʱļûôˡ
УƳһۣȥ
.
ͨƫյ͸
̤һ⣬ֻһźḶ̌һޡ
һƬӰڽϣԵԽϳ
磬ʲôˣʵ
治֪뵽ʲôɫԽѿɢȥǲ
ǰ˶٣ԥĳЩ
ֻɫԻƳһޣ˵ѾİˣҪִַ硣
ܺͣҲڶԹ˵ĿݴȣȻڽͽҲΧһԶŸ߶Ƚ䱸
̱һʱͿڶû߳ջл㱣˭Ըɲ뿴;зˡ
࣬ʶĵͷӦ£ԺȴЩʧľٶ΢죬Ӧ֪ģ硣
֪ĹĺͰͣⲻҪֳ͸ʲģֻǡ
Ҳǲ˽Ӵϲˣ統Ȼ֧֣ĳ˵һʱͿӡ
̾˿ԽԽѹ˻Żãɸݲ鵽ѾˣҪֻ߳ܿԼ
ڿϲģּСЩ½ϴӰ϶ĵǲжܣҲǼõġ
˲ȥ길ʱ˵ٶ꣬ʵҲȲ̫ãбѡѡкҪԺãȢ檡
˵ЩˣһϲС˵
Դţϲľ͸ߴ磬ǶϲٵȵȣҲؽ͡
áӦ¡
ǰ˵Ǿ仰Щҡ
ܺܺãҲܺãֻһҪޣһ˵ĿֻŸС
޵ܡ
ܾѾûˣĦе棬ȻϷ
öǰ£𵱳¸˵ĻҲһһ찵յʱ⡭Ҳأ
ϾǸ˲ˣܡ
ڹ˺һӶûԺҲû֮ǰˡ
﷢࣬̾˿
κ֪߹ͱͱ
ƳһۣĿⲻƣκ֪ȴЦ˵ôѹѽ½Ǽûô
ֹաüˡ
幬ĶҲû취ﴫϢԭΪ彣ȥһˣ˭֪Сֱ̫Ӹ˳
ɶ
ܲЦκ֪ϣޱˡ
κ֪˵ҲˣЪЪһ´ץȥ˾òѰټ˭֪Ṧôֵܶȶûץˡ
Сëܲ⣬Ҫȥץһץ
κ֪ڨڨһЦȴ־񣬴չҽո˺ö׼ϲ
չһľУĴһС
ؼٿ
ʲôüҪ򿪿һۣȴκ֪һѰסŵǹĶҲǷ˺ôŸ㵽ģܱ¶
һִˡ
һУŵǶĳ£ɱֳª
ʲôлһĨ
κ֪ϵɫʱüΪʣС㲻֪⣬Ǳ/õİ
ܵɫڵһ±졣
ĺЩ̣ҲǣҲǡ
Ķκ֪ϣҧгݵȥ
κ֪ϣ룬ѺӴ˻
һأ                        
лҪ˵ܣQAQ

066

Ժ
īȥ˽, Ժд鶼˽ϣǿ, ڳеǹְ, ȴȥ, ʱԾǸн顣
н뿪鷿, Ž񲿣һĮͱһֱ, ȻѰȴûýٸѰķӣһ
ԴнֻȻ, Ͷڽˡ
ԺԼ鷿ļž, ԺԵ˼, ƺķΧвŸжȤζ
ʱ鷿ģС̫˳ЩļУü, 鷿˳
лҵͷ, ࿤ѹԺв۵ĸ, ߳Ŵһ, ɫԽѿˡ
ǳ¸㡡
˳εĿͷ¡
ɡɫ˼֣۵׻һ˿͡
֪¸㡵ڴʲô⣬źúõ̫Ӳȥͽ, ܵڣô˿ô
δֳκζյͷԳ¸㡼ĽӴΪ⣬ȴ߬Űѱû˵ء
ָںⲻʡ
ߣǶô¸߽鷿˳ֹš
۵ЩŭߵĿҲ΢΢˱䣬ǰȥĵطȥˣٻأ֪̽ԭ徲

߶˶٣üͷ˵¸㡣㵽ʲôеĻߵ̫ʲô£Ӧú
ֺα֪ʷס
¸򴽣۵׻һĨɫˣǰǵĹϵҲܺá
ǰ鷿ʱһ飬һ޻̸ĵز֮䣬ĹϵҪΪ׽
ߺһͣʹĪЩأԭ£Զѹļͷ
ûǸλãںͳ¸㡵ĹϵżõͷҲйġ
¸㡴ܺãҲܳϿңɼд󳼵ôģ¸ֻǱֵøΪЩʱΪǽʾõı֡
ĵЩ꣬üһĨܾʲôѾĿơ
Ϊɣ¸㡵Цߣϲң㻹𣿽ߣǰ㲻ġ
ˣ֮£ǣϡ
㻹ƭңߣ˵ʵΣ¸۵Σһ˿Ȼ
һҪҪĿ꣬˿Ҳ
߲ͷ˵ˣ޹أ㾿Ҫô
̬ȡֱֱɱҪܡ
¸һŬƽеĲûֻǲԸٱƭߣãлϺ̫ӡ
ʱ洫Щ춯˳£˴Ϣ˵һ档
֪ˣɫĿߣҲԽı䣬¸㡣֪㲢࣬ȴû뵽㾹Ȼҳ׾ӵãպҲˣԺỶӭ㡣
ߣ
¸㡿뿪ıӰ̲ס˫ȭֻ޾ɺöѣôôһλӶϸЩͺͼ尾ʲô
Ժ⣬ӳĽһ
һԳ¸㡣ԸԴǰԼʱûĵΪðһһͷ
ͷʮ֣ߵһ룬Ȼͣ˽Ųյɸ
Ĳ˳һʶ£
Ҳȥߴ
СҪ˵ЩʲôԼܹµһЩСС۰ľΣ۰ȹһκܼѵӡ
ҲС廹ͷ֪ԸöȥСʱǷ۰
ĿĴ磬Լ۰İڹĴڸккܴһּ䶼ͣڿԼֵĴ֡
ܸлС壬Ҳ˶ѡ
ɸļ˱ǣϯҲǳʢ߹һϯǰ۵׻һĨãȻ
һеүһ𣿸ʺʹ綼ᱡ
һ˺ȾƣôϢĳڷ۵׺Ц
һ٣壬ôˣ
ɽңұȥɽԹԵ̳ӵһƣڱǶᣬЦ߳ˣܶ¶Լˡ
ߵԱøӣ֪С廰˼ȴκλӦ
ҼǵðСʱȤϵĺӳˣҲҪˣǵĴ󣬱ǵĺÿ˭һ¶УƵ˵ʱ㻹Ϊʲô̫Ӳһһ
촽ɫЩס
Ƕ𣿡۵״ЦЦݴһ˿üԵԽˡ
ʱ֪ûЦˣʹ˵˽ֻ֪̫һҪֳ
ǰҲֻ֪̫һһ˿Ц⣬۵ȴȻ˵ҪʲôҶȡڣѡʱ䲻ˡ
ûȥڵĽѾǵСӣЩֻǿȥԣõľ
λֻһ
ĬʱҵĽŲüͷ΢ĵֵһơ
󵨣Ǳ˾˳ææȻδ˵꣬ű㱻һ߿κ֪ϴ˽
κ֪ϻŷֶһһ˵Ӵ࿤ǲ˼˶λˣ˾ץأٺ٣ˣǴˡ
һƣƵκָʹɲˣ
ûأκ֪ϳϿҵ˵ⷿ仹ͦܲ˵ĵط١
һͣϵЦԽѰζ˾ץķʽ⡣
ү⻰˵ûЩǰҲɣصɲúúһң½֪ץûУκ֪תͷܡ
ŴſڸϸüۼһƬ䵭ߣԷһκָʹǺúһҡ
ĿڽϣֺܿƿǰڽߵĹӡòû˺˭֪᲻⣬һ֣
ǽ߱ȻãĳͷпƲټϽİæδز뽪һ¡
еԽԽ࣬˿ûжŭƵһھƣĵ½⣬硣
ܵ磬Ҳ粻ү
ǺǣЦҡҡͷ߳䣬ſڣƲ߼ǵöЩȥ
ȵԶߣ߲üܣʱκ֪Ѿ˶˳ȥ˳ţֻʣˡ
ϸûʲô飬¶˶Żû뵽ȴԸײ˲¸Լ࿤ԡ
Цһ½ǻˡ
µ̸ˣܴһĨЦôųQ˼죬ǵθڱˣҲűˡ
̬ܵ㲻ϹЩ񣬵ϵǣ߾Ȼһ
˵Ĳǲ¶ˡ
½Ǻܹı
˵δǸλã˫ȭ׻һĨ⣬Ϊ˲ϧе˶̤ʯã
֪ǰĽǰв̲ͬסĵ׻ŭԹߣЩعһֻ˭
߶˶٣û
û䵭¶һĨ룬ûôףѰѰɣ
Ȼ϶Ҳûʲô˵ģ䵭½ȹܺԼ°ɣʲôò½Ҳġ
𣿡
һſӵֶȻս
ô㻹ٶԲһ𣿡ЦһԽ㵱׽ˣ𣿡
߱˱ۣͻȻЩˡ
һǲزôܵģصԽ࣬ԽҪȵٱڳһ̣еŬһ
Ҳʱ̹ˡ
ܳתѹѹ۵׵ȴûѹס
Ժвʧء
еҪеҪ¶ȡζĴ/ꡣ
һжʵġ
Ȳ̫ˡ
̫ҵػǣ̫δ֪ΣյһԣѰ
ҹĻ١
ϽţһɫӰҹɫѸٿϴ棬ݣҲǳƮݣϵǣӡ
ͣ˳ǽϣƻ˻Σͳȸֵĵģһˡ
ֵڵĽȫ˹Ŀдżֳɡ
Ǿ﹫ţǿûȥôӹˣ
˵Ҫ࣬˺üطȼˣǿɵ𡣡
ԥͷȷǳķȥŷ
Ӫİ书ǿҲƵģҪαװѣټϳһָʹһȻǡ
ܳɹ˽ȥ

ܿ˲䣬㱻ˡ
ֵôҹͷһϸˡ
ȵȣǰ磡
ֱ
ЦŰνڸʱˡ
һҪС
ȻС棬һϤ¶˳
ȶᣬͷȾơ
ûӦСŲȡ
޶ãϰˡ
ϵãȻ
˵
˽
ҺڵӪҪ
/                        
лҪ˵ιĵһֻ
գǣϵ
оϷе̼[ͷ]

067

67
ҹɫµĻʹ, ׯϣַ
, ù, , ŹİŪĳкߡ
ǹ, Щ⼸ȴͻȻ, źô
˼룬ŤŤģԵʮֱ׾, Щյ촽еּӴ˼֡
˼̻
һӰͻȻǰ, ס˹, Ƴ·ɫ°ڣʶÿЩ
ǰӰû, һ, ӲδͨͽУǰ˭
ʹ֮ɭ, нػ, ǰڹѲߣв֪İڽ̿͸ûܽ
Ժл㱸ֳһϤӰʶİ˲, ̧
ǡ棿
´۵׻һĨɣʱȴְ̧¶Ϥӡ
ôˣ䴽ü۱ЦȾζ˵СӰУԽƯ
ϵЦŵľ̤ʵеĵϲú棬۵ᡣ
Щ¡˵
֪ôͻȻ˵ĻЩգæƿߡ
ʲô·ҪڹǱԹȴһ˿⣬ɫ̫ˡ
ʾˡ
ܵɫʱԽİ᲻ԾĹţȵĿϣͳдһ˿ƣ㡣
ֻһ֣
ûзӦĵȻ˼ֲæ͵Ҳ١ʧˣҪߣҲ̫õġ
ԭȵСˣƮһΡ
ôȥ黹ҪᣬһҲ˵ˣʲôʱ˵Ҫϳȥˣ
Ĵ̣ͷʵôģ
Ϊ˿ĶϣЩģţϲǲϲ´ġ
ûоܾǻ´εİɣ͵͵û뵽ĿúͽţС˼ȫ¶һɶɫڵһºˡ
õĽ͵ȸ¿һӣкܶ࣬ջƷ
ԽԽͣԽԽûе͡һЦ۵׻һĨأʲô򲻵ΪξƫҪ򣿡
򴽣ɰͰ͵
ҿԽѽ϶Ըѧ䴽°˵
ѧᣡеţǲǹˣƽ޹ʲôʲôʱôˣǰû
취ߣŮ
Щţ˵ңҷЩСѧЩ
ôһû䣬Ц⣬С˽ˣҲûб
ЩǸ˿ģܶ˶٣͵͵һۣǡ
ˣǡЩ˵ĽĹĵĿջأԭһǡ
ͼı죡
ȴһ˼ֻ֪ǾЩΪ飬˵Ҫ޸ء
ܱһЩͷԣ룬Ͻתλ⣬˽ߵ顣
òһˣھͱϳȥ
˾ʱҿ࿤Ϳߵúܽܶ˶٣ĵѵ֪࿤ǹ׽ֳ࣬ǧҪСЩ
֪òðǰֻв²⣬Ұᱩ¶õһӡ
ǽ˶֮ģʱѹĻİ
ܼϵЦݽ˽Щ۵Ŀϥǰ˵£ܿڴʲô⣬Ҷлɳˡ
֪뽫˽»йϵʦؾգ¸㡹ϢǴӿġ
ô֪ܲ
֮⣬ӪսĮʱҲյǵϢŽˡ
ǵʲô˼ᾡֹһС
Ҳµģ˲ֻЩĶ磬ԽǱֵԽҾۡ
ԴӶ翼״Ԫȴ޷˿ʼ֪Ķжѡ
ַǵûеճӵλãǲչֳ˿ѵ츳ֽ沢ۣĵ͸δû˼
۽ߵĴȴֲ֪ô˼ͷҲ޷ȥʲô
޹أһජЩܵ˵ԥ֣Ҫס֣ʱȴ洫ЩҵĽŲ
򰲡
ͣڰգܻ˸飬ôʱˣ
룬Ѹٴ棬һ۽ڽմ̤һ˲һ洰Ծ˳ȥ
дЩ춯æС΢΢ףһѺ
Ȼ֮ûʲôЩš
һıʷˣһ飬ԼĪȫϣʱܷס˵ܹǿסҲ̤뾩ǰ벽
ûţպһܡ
򴽣ǿװӭ˽գʣôˣ
ᶽ֦㳢ʡտԶĴӣдżֺɡ
ոշжô߽ˣ
Ҳûж룬ͷʸţʲôҲ㲻̽졣
û⣬˿Цŵʱ֦Īº죿
ǣʧЦʲô㡣
ôˣǣαһˣջҪϳءɵ˵
ԾЩڸߵİӦְᷢɣ
ܵ书Ǻġ
մЦĿ⽥ᣬ˵ĸ󰮳ԣ
۵׻һĨСʱҲϲԣڳˣ֪࣬͵ԣôЦˡ
ЦҪڣʵʲô
ܴĸ㻹ûü𣬰Щۡ
ǹĵģæ͵ģϲһЩ
˵űҪӣҡҡͷ˳˵ˣ㸸˵˵
ʱȴͻȻЩ춯һᵽɤۣɫڲסĵǣһü΢΢ʣôˣ
ϣ΢д衣ӦϢЩȡ
գԶЩ
ʣǡ
˿¶ǳǳЦ⣬˵ʣ̸һ֣
ҲáЦӦ
¾ãѪȷ硣
ʼֱҪըˣҹ/й/Ů˶
Ҫ𣿣
첻ֵ˵һԴСӳ˾ŸԴҲȫᱻվ
ԽԽֵԽ棬ȭӣ޺޵Сӣ
壬ˡܲһ֣ţض㿪ʣȴֲɱİ˼ȭ
ʼҶ㣬ʱˣڵϺݺݵһ١
Ҳĵطҹģҿ
һʰܶʱˣδ
Ŷͣ޻أ㵹ǡ˵ָһȭ
ֱܼҪίˣС壬Ҿ͵û˼
Сֶûϡ
Сӣ㻹Ҫʲô˼һƺĺϣԴ졣
СӼֱҪˣ
Ф빫ҲˣҴҹ빬ǣ˹µĹ뷿Ҫǻʵüʱ˶ãﶼˡ
ҲֶˣҲޣ
Сӣ
ʼʱס˼һֺȥƶȥ
Ͻ
¶ֺõЦ⣺壬㿴
ԺٸҼһһΣ

ܻ·ˡ
ԹһеûסЦ˳
úãã
ʳ֡
򲻹ңԣܵˡ

£
лҪ˵Һãҽг㣬꼰ĳ

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࿤
̨ͤŨľ, ͨ죬ȴԾһһࡣ
, ĽݵµˡС̫˳ѵ
üͷ, õȥ
ٶ˷Ƣ, ٶ׽˲̫, ˳һеľ̳ĬĬ¡
ʱһϤ㵹ạ̊́, ɸʮ㣬ھǰһ̳Խ, ǿĹ͢ơ
Ľݰҡ߹µü΢΢, ˳ס, ƺܲϰζ
ֹһƣû
ôСżû, 㿪ʼ, Ľݰ棬ǻô, ˵˵
, ʲôߵƳһۣ۵
ʱҲԼľۺȶٶûа⡣
Ľݰ߳һ, ôˣ㾹ȻûҵѿΪҽӽֻΪС
û˵ɫȴѾĬˡ
Ľݰûס˸ۣĥĥ⸱Уɴοȥˣжʲôһ˵ҪԼأ
㲻߲ͷ
Ľݰ骼Ȱ£ֶ̳Դŵ²ʯϣЦ㡭ҳԹαԹ׶࣬ô˵ҲԽһָĴӣʲôû
Ƥͨɫ˿ȴ쳣ƽ𣿡
Ľݰ骽˽
ԽһĶֵϣʵ۵ĺӣ۹ةóӶӽ췴¡ûɹ
ʹһĨԳôŵˣ
¡Ľݰ骶˶٣µüͷ΢΢𣬡Ӧҹԣ͵͵˵ôҿû㣬ڳʲô
ǰ£ԡߵ
Ҳ˵ǰĽݰ骴չüߣ߼̵ֳܹĽëܲܽйȥסֽţ˾ǴˣûûܻҪеġ
ĽߵļȴһĶ㿪üʵôĨֲۣ֬ôס
Ľݰ骲ҧгݵ㿴ˣʣ
Ůӵġ

о仰˵û߹˹ƯͻȻʢ˹⣬ӳ΢⣬ŮӻҪƯ֣ܲܽйȥסֽš
Ľݰ骴˴ԶŻ㱻ع̸ȥȥĶ
ԺڿΡ
ߣȵҰ
վɢȥ󣬽߱˹
Щ²ˣۣ˽¶Ը׿
֪᲻ԭٲȥᷢ裬ʱԼһʲô
ʱ򣬽ڷ֪ôǼ£û뵽Լȴȫ§˳
硭ɫЩӡ
ߴЦЦһ£˵δػԭңû취ȥˡ
ȥһֱ׽Ķ磬һջᱻ֡
ο¸Ҳ֪
̣ǳɱıҸ¸㡣߶˶٣̧ȥϵı飬˵ҵıֻ̽һ֣ܵ˭֪¸ȴֱɱġ
硭
ߴ֪һֱҵ׽ֳҴһø磬Щ˼£ϴϷֻϣԺǻã㲻Ҫ˶ԶңҡûҪ˺㡣
˵Щ˿ϻָƽһͽڵȴС
Щ治ͷǽĿʱֻ֣һů޲ơ
ٹ¼ŵһǵԸѸʵĳ谮ָġ
ߴСͰԼλÿúտʼȥȡôȡ˼㽥ˡ
ǶԵòĶǱһִ縸ʵĳ谮ƫȥĸ󣬻ǿƴֿɵãʵңɼλӡ
Ŷ磬Ҳδֹ㣬СʱļͷС˵𣬼ûܣ¸ɱң϶Ҳֹġ
СʱҲ£ȳ˲֪Щжѣĸ뿪磬ʱһ˰ռţֲȴ̫ӣп϶ʧ䡣
ûҵ˿Ѿܸˣ˶٣Ҳ֪ôܰﵽ㡣
򴽣Ĳ𣿡
Цü䣬ƯˮһƬᣬֱۣҵĶѽȥ¾ͲҪˣҪԺô죬ĺ
СǴӶʱ˼ȴΥ⣬˭Ҳ֪һŭ֮ʲô
Щǣǵõܸ£С˽
С˶٣Щվû˵ڣסػʹɣڸʵƤӵ£ܻȫЩ
Сɾ͵Ȳˡ΢΢СڽԣȻ֪Ƣԣ׽ʵ˭Ҫ顣
һסʹ˵С˷˵׼Ѿø֪ˣʱδزᱳˮһս
üЩǣЦЦ۵׻һĨ⣺סңЩҲỳʲôҡҲ콨ˣʲ᲻׼ҳȥġ
Уʶķ˻ȥҲվ
ŲأָҲһİóöˣ䴽üɫȥȻڹҲᰲĵģʲôþ͸һԡ
ҡŽߵֱۣͰ͵ƯˮܿһƬˮ߱ڵû취ȥҲԣҪܡ
Ȼ۵ģǳʹӦˡ
.
¡
¸İڼʱ¹ش̲µĹԱûϵ˼ǰ¶ۡ
˼ľ衣Աȵµżּ󣬷һڹԱסˡ
ּȷвͬм񣬱Ͼǰʮ꣬ƾµּȷϻ߷񶨣ȷЩ̫ˣǸѽǣľ衵̬һֱģɣֻҧ׼սɳ¡
ľйΪɱڶҧ׼׮δûпܣľȴֲϡ
Խ˷룬ΪҪľȴٳûж½ۣƺںʧµĹԱҵ飬̰Ѱϱ˽ա
ľʹǰͣ˵ܵĵӦú㣬ƫƫľӲӣ;˿ûȥļ񲿹ԱҲΪա
ղԸȥֱӰľ衽еĵͬ˾һĳ
׮ɰӰ첻˴ֻ֣뾡һף˾Ÿոսİ
ֻû뵽ľֱӸĿڣ޵ͨţһҧ޵ûӳս֪ȥ
յɫԽѿˣսɳͨУҲԸ⿴ܵķϲ׷浱ӱʵֻܵȥ
ûжۣľ衽һҪܾĮ
ЦҵŰɡ
ĵܿ㴫ܵĶڵͷһˮʱȥ̫ãĴȫȫɵľһ˵ʲôʲô
̫ˡ
ʲôľͻȻĿڣȫȻƷ֮ǰĻ
쳣֮ǰСԾˣü˵ҿֱɱʡ£ɰѲ飬ο֤ˣľĻš
ҪУ׮ûôס
Ե޹ʵĸĿڣܳʦȥʲôط
ȥ£ɸ󣬽Ӵ˶ûʲô쳣ն˶٣üȥƮ¥òų
ǵ۹֮أδ룬˵ʲô©ҲֻƮ¥
̧ǾƮ¥ˡ
ɲûʲôɵ˿ü
ܶ˶٣۵׻һĨ⣬Ҳ档
˲̳Է֮⣬һʮֿɵܵǰΪ˾ȽûϸܵͨηΪɡ
ѵܵͨƮ¥
Ҫ֤ټ򵥲ľΪʹǰͣԴܵ鱨ضʮֻֿҪʱӴ룬ٹתĮ㣬ľ衱Ȼż
뽫ϵʱ򡭡۵׻һĨѾ˺ܾˣܹһ򾡺αȥ
ô̾һҡҡͷһ˵׻̫Сˣı䲻˴֡
ܹϣЦǿδأʦβһأ׼ʱһʯ񡣡
տδȥ࣬Ĳš
͵û͵ͷղٿһʯʯͷȫԼˣ

ϵ࣬۵һ
ĺݡ
һٲ˵ջרܹʰһ٣еơƶˡ
ʹûˣ˭Ҳû뵽ûأס˿
ɱȻʹöడ
Ҳûл;ðݡ
صɻ࣬ĴϲԾ˵һԡ
תߡ
ȥĶջûءյ
Ȼȥ׼׼

ϵˣĪȸԾ
ϵ˿ںõúܿ죬أ˹ס
ܺ˹һۣĶڴ
ι᲻ᡭ
Ӧûɡ
򴽣Ṧϻȥѣȴ˿⡣
ɫˣү͡
һǽסġ
ܳҹɫ˿СѰ˽Ժӡ
ΧϣĻǰ
ܺܿڰֱԺк
Ȼһҩۣϡ
е£ҩҲû취á
ʱӷЦû졣
ã
ۣʹ
ۣٸģ
ҾͰȥ
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лҪ˵Ҳн

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ҡҷ, Ͳվ, ԵЩӵء
, ǰӰ, һʱ֪˵ʲô, ЩЦļ, ûܻǱ
˳⡣
ǿԲϣƾŽʣֱͦ˼֧Լϡ
ɫЩ, ֪ҩΪ̫˶ǰ̫һ, 䵭ݸΪ, һ˫ŭüϽɷʣһƬί
ô֪, һǵļһ, ԭĴ㱻һɶ˼ΣС
ǻϷè, רŹɣ
뽪նԽӳ̶, Ҳδûпܡ
ûЩ𣿡ܣƯˮдһ˿Ц⣬䣬˵, ˭㲻žͽԺ󻹳ԡ
ϻҲǣ޲£͵͵˽ʱûʲô˽ܵ¡
򴽣ͳдһ˿ί˵õأôһȫˡ
ûס͵͵Ц˼ǰһ֣оûбˣ췭ظպҲԳԿͷ֪ʲô»ʲôǾɰ
//⣬ôס
Ϊ·ûίûϲ࣬˶٣Ŀʵңʲô𣿡
ʶûһ䡭ֱܼίըˣС˺ü꣬ϲԾĴ˼ʧ䡣
ǰˡ
ͷ˵̲סɤӣһš
õĶֻʱʧȥж˵ģ˵׼ں˼ˡ
ʰ۰ߣԼ׼۵һ·ʵĿʲôѵѾʲô
ŸʵƢԣķʲôȻἴ̸˵ģɵ
ܣûʲô£ЩȥϢɣ˶٣˵ԺҪȥء
ûʵ˼֮ǰⱩ¶㸸ԼҲͬǴΨһĻʵۣݲһٶļ̤档
¸ɰϣѾ˲ࡣ
΢ȷҪ̧ͨӰĿ˽ϣ¹ش󣬻빫ˡ
ֱ׳ֱˣһ⳼ҹԹ˵ֻҲƤ񵽼ˣûڸ
˵ʲôҪͨأ
ҲãǿװƽĿ˹ۣȥɡ

ķԸƳһܣϻһ˿䱸ȴת߳˷䣬æ̧Ÿȥ
ǹԹ뿪ͷ̿ܣʲôż
ʱ½ҩѾԻָⶾ۵ĺ󾢺㣬Ծɶãü۵ʹȭͷϥϣû˵
ٲڡճ̧ܱͷƵĿдһ˿С˼ȣǲңҷˣ
ϲǡ
ǧҪһ㶼ܲסġ
ҪĿ⣬Զͣϣ˭ܶȥ
Ҫгһգǣס֣ռС
ԶûаȫС
½˵ֻǴ󲻾̣ߵǰ̯ģָд֡
ָǳƯ۰ϸָģ﷢һֵĸоȫƲסҪ࿿һЩ
񣬱㿪ʵ𣿡
ڱǶˣĴӣɫֻһֱֻ۵ľ룬óȻĻе¡
۰Ͱ͵̧ҡҡͷ
յ˦֣ߺߵǾͲˣȥɡ
ˣЩĻţ̸˿ڣС˵˼ǣûзңҲûңֻǲá
æסͣŭĵһۣΪȻԶûУʵǸ÷
Щ߻ЩʵĶ
÷
ֵһۣ˫ʵƯȻǵ˶쳣ɰ
ܵü۽ְ̧סϵֻС֣һڣεġ
ǣһᾡףհ﹫ǽѣܳٳٲԸ֣ȴٵ飬ŹЪʵڲã΢ǣЩЪϢ
ܿ˳Ͻָʧ˺ҹС
Ľ֣΢գ·ܹܵȵ¶ȡ
һʵǵ죬´ηҪú÷һٲɣ
ֻۡ뵽Щ
ЩղЦôƯȴ˪һͰڵȥ
ʵڲǡ
ڶգȥԺ
κ֪ϴŹǷչĵӰأô㣿
Ϳܣǹڵʱ򣬶Ӱȴĵô͵ˣȻʲô˵Ĺ
ߣ
֣ܳյߵ˵˼䣬κ֪ɫ˱䣬üûôףĮİΣؽҪһʲôأ϶Ȼ
һ㲻صģܵи໤¡
κ֪һüͷɻΪˣĳЩЩĵֵһţҪʲôʱ֣
Ƴһۣ˵ԽԽãþ⼸գ׼
Զݵ춯ܴļ򣺡ȥ׼ɣ֪ͨ
㡭κ֪ɫԽӣչȥѵ㻹ᣬҪ̫ԼͻСء
ɫʱˣΣյ˫ۣκ֪ڨڨһЦתͷˡ
ޣ
ҧ
ûˣɱתͷԹ
Ժǰͣ£ܼˣϵЦ⽩˽
ôһ
ģ
Ľݰҡ̧ƳһۣתȥӻڳϵĽ
ܵɫʱѿˡ
һԵĽߺܿͰĽݰ骺ͽм䣬˭̧֪ͷܣǻ˴һߣתߡ
࿤һһɨͣĽݰϣ˼֣Ľݵ¡
ȫûľϡ
ָʹҲпյ˾æأĽݰü٬ָʹԹģ˸жѡ
߶˶١
˽ܸ֮£ȴĽݰⷬ˽ġ
ܵȷ԰̫׽Щ⳼ǰĪǻ԰˼
ߵɫʱõԺ佫봫գȥӪЩġ
ֻԾౡ֮ˣܿߣӣ⣬Ʋȥ̸ΣǽҪ࿤ûСЩù˶ϣ˴ܡ
㣡Ľݰûķ˸ۣס˽СߣĳЩ˼ƽϡ
Ľݰ骣֣Ľ߶ʱըëˣһ߬סݺ˦
ĬĬߵ˽һ࣬Ϲ޵Ц⣬ȥɡ
ܣվסܻĸȥ
ĽݰƳһϲĺۣƲƲ죬ӿŲ׷ȥ
СȵҰһ~
죡Ľݰ骣
                        
лҪ˵ߣ̫

070

պ, ͻȻһ׮¡
ĮܻĮͻȻת˹ѺλãͶƺƵ, ֵȸֺᴩ, ڲ, ˭Ҳ浽Ǻģ
˵Įͻɱ, һҲ˲²ĮľҪ, ˡ
ֲ²ܿԽԽ㣬Χÿնǰȥáֻľ衸¶ͷ, һѪͷ
һ򣬾ȻҲҵܺĮʹ, Īǲˣ
Щ޹ʹá, ľ衸ǽʹ񲿹ԱĽ棬ǰ̽ߣΪĥһĥ, Ȼˮ, ɺͽ⣬˭֪н, ̬ͻȻǿ, 仹мӴơ
ľ衱ͲóЩʹʾ֭ûöԲĮһ㡣
֮, ľֻҹɫǰȻš
ȥ˾ƹݣȸֻһӣƮ¥
ûжֺͣûɾ״ʱҲ绻ҹ£յŶѭżеķ򣬳ŽĳԺ˹ȥ
ɭϣаҲ׷֡дżֳɡ
ܵţǵǴһʱ
򴽣۵һƬİѾ֪ͨ˱˾ľҲڴƮ¥Ժͻ⣬ڽ
˶٣ϣҪʧ
Ʈ¥ǲ⣬ûʲôè壬˾ΪҲտֻţҲֻǶһѡ
ĽЩʥ費˥Įйľ衻ᰴ಻סӣλȨصĽѰ
üû˵ʲô
ѲߵĻǳܼպ书ǿҲ̫һʱŸϵԺ
ԺвٰڣԺȴĵģûжٻպǱ룬͸ҡҷԼܹ͵ͽ̸졣
еע⵽ǽ̸ʱõĲǴܵԣĮ
̫壬ܴǾſ̫Զ޷ȷת΢ʵ׼ô
ҹɫڣ¹ްһһӵĻڽѲ߶
̧ĿⴥѱΪƽصһԺ䣬˼ֲ
һܾˣ˵ϧһֱûõᣬҲ޷
ʲôѵüɫ죬ϸֳһ˿ǡ
ܾʲôҪ
ܴ΢΢ʦҴȥһط
ǽԼмֲüѵҪԣǰҪ
Ȼ
˵ȴûͣ½ŲƮݵҹɫ£ɿǰţܿһƧСԺ
ԺûҹһƬջǽ¹⣬˰Ժһ̳һ̳Ҿơ
㡭гɡ
۵׻һĨ⣬΢΢ĴЦԵа࣬ͳɭȻЩϡ
ղ֪Խôĺ⣬ѾҲȰתȥǱߡ
ʱڵҹ£һƬһƬĴӿеʱҳһţ𣬸еʹӾȻѵصıһ㣬ڻѰָӡ
ֻǻͣ߶ûǱ߾Ѿȼ
ƽڱԺİ̳ԺպԥĽǽüƽķ䡣
ӣ춯Ѿˣոȥ̽Զ䡱һ죬ݶŲ˲
Ȼǡ/ҩ
𾪣/ҩԸʱ䷽ֻƿڻУΪ˷ֹԼϵƣÿҲֻṩֻӪãôУ
ղŷĶ١
㶼䣬ͻȻ򿪣һӰѸٳҹɫɫ΢䣬ҵ飬̸ȥȻµİȴƴĵǰͷĽŲ
߿һİͬҹɫ
޴ıըȫǵע⣬ȼյĴҹɫһʢڣȴˡ
ܿ죬Ǳ˾ӪһյĹ򣬽ѾΧˮйͨ
עһ֮ҹ
ڶգҰ𾪡
Ǳ˾ǵӽв鵽˻/ҩĺۼ˴Ĺ/󡢾емӪרĻ率
ǽ׼ϢҲЩιȥ梁ͻ/ҩǻ֮Ұ֮˸Ҵй¶ֺȴѱƿУ
Ƕ裬ǶԻҵ裡
ҴҴӰصľҲûֵֺôκ֪϶˵Ѻ˾ͬƮ¥ķ糾ŮҲһûŹ
Ǳ˾ָʹκʱɫŹ֣Щڡ
˵κ֪°òƮ¥ֵطŮȫؽΣ//¶·û룬̷
ľô˵üʵ
κҡҡͷεҧ˲ϣҲ֪¹شľȻʹŵӣҲóȻ׮ǱŻȥ
ǴĮѾɺͽ⣬ľҹڽҲ޷˫񽩳ֲ£²սϵͷôҹ棿
ڳ²߲֪ȥ򣬽Ȼ̮ľָҲֻĮ
Żȥյ׻һĨɭȻ⣬еӣҧгݵĮʹͼȾָ/ҩܣ޾Բ߳ȥ
ľ衵֪ٽ£/ҩ䷽ʧ˿ܴ⡣
ΪÿµĶѾ㹻ˣ˭֪/ҩȻй¶˳ȥһܻҵܲܣǧˡ
΢ΪˣĴΣ˹Ϊ֮κü˵
Ц⣬²ı֮Ȼңޱ
ȻԽв¼֮ģҪ豱˾°ѱȨУȴûҪϾɱµӻһܣˣһ
չҹ±㴫÷зǵİն֪ˡ
ը̫󣬾ʮûйĶһػǺַּˮʦʱй
࿤ȻҲܿյϢ߳Щȣ뵽¸㡣ֳ˿һԵĽȴסˡ
ˡ
ˣ
ɫ㱣Щš
ֱųͣڽͷԶԶؿһƬڣŽع
ǧֹĳˡ
ѹͷɽڵˡ
建ɣ̱˳ϣһ񶷣̣ûѪȣֻȥһһƣۡ
ˣʹʹĿһҪ/йеίͲʡ
ػһС΢óȻ¶УԳĸ𣬻ɢȥӰһֱУ޷ߣ˿и
ʱգЩվõй
/й󣬽»ָЦݣŵʱ򣬺һ˵ȥϢˣҹǶǱ˾ȵģκָʹ˾ȥˣƮ¥׽ľ衡
һ١
Ǳ˾ȫһǵõʲôϢǱ˾ͬΪһ壬ֻǻͬʱ¹شĳǵı˾Ȼ֪ô
֪ôȻ뵽ܡ
Щ죬ƺһֱ׷ľ衵飬κ֪ϵĹϵ

ȷ֪ں
ֵ٣ȴʱԣжᾪ
룬۽е˸ǰ˵һбʯڹˣպ¼м·Ҳˣǻõһعһ˰ȡɡ
һʶĿȻó٣Щһ
򴽣͵һЩ·̫㿴
ǡ۲ٶԣתʧҹɫС
һĪԼĲ£ܾýи·
ȻĿ¶˳
ܣȥ

ɫˡɰͰ͵˵
ԲŽһˡ

ȥֻǳ˿Сˣʱ»ȫǵĿⶼۼϡ
һˣж׷Щ
ܸմӱ˾صլԺ޵
Ѱڽͷһʵʲôˣ
ֱһŪ
ʲôˣԼﲻҪʹܱ㹴ߣ
ޱĴ㡣
ţܻԼˣסͷ׷ʵ˵ʲô˵һ顣
㣬ڿȥȥתͷߡ
ģ
ܹˣ
ǻĵ£ôһգ۾ͳΪΪͽ
ǰһֻʲô֪ɸɾһס
ѾΪȵµһֻȵװ֪ѡ
ıȴ˷ˣǷƶƲס


ˣ
ܻƮƮģƶϣæһҲۡ
ûҵ飬ִֻ·˹ȥԺﺱϨ˴󲿷ֵĵƣֻ¼յԵЩ谵
üſԥһ˲̧ߵߵš
ϻع˵ǵš
ǵá
洫һЩģɡ
̧˽ȥǶһľϣСϴż΢⣬Ưˮգգ·ѹ
ôѽСԹ
Ǻ˾ƵԵʣûѰģ˵ǱԹ˼ĵૡ
ܾúЩɣǰδ¶ֽ̬
ٺȾƣٺȵʧ̬
ˣõȡܴչȥƿֱߵľ̳ȴѾˣôôࣿ
ǵ˺ܾã죬ϴżֲ޺ί㲻ҵİ𣿡
ЩЦãǣҴˣ´һ
ҪˡСֹ
ţЦԣͷȥüᣬдպ壬ֻ𣿡
ܻûĿüۼȾ˿˿⣬ԴɵˮôƵġ
Ļͣûֱ˵㣬Ļŵ𣿡
ͷƯĶκУӳ۵׵
ͻȻʲôԲˡ
۾һգգһҲ᲻Ų
ҡ˵
ʱЦü䣬΢СǸˡ
Ҿ֪㣬˵һ㱸ɣƣҪ𣿡
ȥԱߵľ̳ŷյģʲôûˡ
Щ㱣ɻأ
СΪգܴ䣬ûУǱ㲻ˡ
У˵ҿΪ㱸µģһҪ
ЩΣˡ
ԭҺȹˣСϸΪˣ㳢ô죬ɣƣɲ
С˵ţǰһüĴյǰ˵ҺȹŶ
۵׻һĨãȻ֪˵ʲôʱվӻЩȣҡҡλεķļ硣
ȥĶ
û˵꣬ͻȻ΢ĴĴϣĴỮһ֡
ܵӡˡһըˡ
ϵЩȣ¶˻һܣʶҪڻ˭֪ȴһŲˡ
ú𣿡СʵĶ޹档
Щ˹ͳдһ˿ơ
ţ򷢸ɵ촽úȡ
лҪ˵ܣȣ

071

źѱ, ⶼڡ
ҹСԺƺĲͬ, 谵ҹɫ, һ˿˿/컡
ܰԼ궯
ƫƫ֪Լ˶Ļ, ˵һú, ֻ춼ˣ̵, סֱۣ˵һҪԹ
εСЦ⣬Ưˮ, Ǻʣܹʹ, ḧü, ̵Ľëӵ
ôôѽ
͵͵˭
ɫ, ܺЩ, ˵ЩЪ°ɡ
Լٴȥ, ̲סð
Ϊ, ܶȢޣɳڱӪ˻죬ЩǶһЩġ
ǽ
أС˵, ִܸǰ㿴ǰء
䴽дŵ㽾ֻҪҲ۾Ͳڡ
ս֣˯ˣ
ƴҡҡͷĵ֣ŲŲ룺ͺˣƭҡ
ƺҵ˯ȵԭ
򴽣ĿۣǱʲôͻȻһ㣬Щѡ
ԭһֱûķ¹ЦٿƯҲǻܡ
֪
ģ۽˵£Ҳûϵء
ϤڱǶˣɫ˰˿Сı˽
ݣֻʣССһţ᲻֡
ɵĲӣƯˮ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ⿴ſ˵㳤ÿҲ
ܴ̣ذϣÿ
ԣЩʧʵôû캦أ㲻ܡ
򴽣ô˵ȻĪЩί
ԭʵĿ
ֻ뿴졣
ǣεİϽǰ΢СʵԸ޸𣿡
˶٣Щˣܿתȥ
򴽣ԭеһȷЩʧ䡣
֪ƺĻ棬һ
ֻҪ˵ģԸš
ҲȥסĵطС˵סҵĹܴġ
˵һ䳡أǲȥͿˡ
ɱ˹ڽֻ¶һССԴ
еʧͻȻͱҸˡ
֣߬չȥĶͷüۣĿ̺ˮĴϡ
ĺأİǿ˹Ķϵૣһɣơ
ȥһһ˱Ĵ꣬дһ˿˿;ϵһжҪζ
ɴ˫ۣȥ˵ûˣ㶼ȹˡ
ʪģ·ߺߵĵˮĴǽһۣʳ֪ζԽԽŲ¡
ҧҧ⣬ƴؿסڵ/ԶЩ˻Ƶҵţס
ҲûˣڽСֹߣƭӣҡ
򴽣齱û˵ȴԽԽСֻʣǳĺ
˯̤ʵ
һͷһۣ˲ͨ졣
һ˯ĽԻЩŹ˳
ͷľսֱҪˡ
ûҿ̫ĶԼø졣
һﾹȻڹʱ
ʱ
Ҫ뷢ʲôҲûܵġ
ܸ뿪㰴סľԴ·ʲôͻȻըˡ
㡭Щܣȴֲ֪˵ʲô
ֵܲ𣿣
һֱ̫ˣ
ᣬᣬǸɶɣǱŤǽ
ϲڣܸöٵġ
üʵʲô
㡭ֱţͷһĳܵɫ˲ˣʶֵסգҧгݵ
ߣҲ̫֣˿ͷ֣Ͻ߸Ͻߣһۻ߲ˡ
˲ۡ
۸һǸˣ˵£ϧƫƫǸŮˣǸö֡
㹫ˣҲôޣ۵Ʋһᡣ
ǣҵʯ
ܰĿŵϣ´һʵǲǸȢˣ
һ±ơ
ȢȢޣƨ£ȰԼǵ¶˵ɡ
۵ǲм
ϲŮ˰ɣ׷ʵ
һͷߣŭСӣ
ôգһ۾治ɫ˵ĻԼӰѾзˮ
۳ͦÿģЦҲϾɫмЦĺ䲻˸£˫Щ
»֮ҹһѶ˭ܵסвУԲУ
ҪϣңԶ
ɫһڣһתʧ˺ҹ
øϽð취
ֻҪһߣʲôʱʲôʱ档
ܴͷԽȣϷȥ˯ţǰʱֳ˫ˮ꣬˫Ư˵ˮ
Щ
˱裬ȴʶ촽˼ԽԽᣬȥϴһˮ衣
Щ׼Ƹˣ롣
ɻϣֿܺ׵ģ
ܾԺһȭ
׽
˰
ˡ

072

ɫ, ԺѾЩ춯Ĵ, Լһ˯ṳ́ʵ
˯ȵʱ
쿴һѷģ, Խ̤ʵ, ƿ, ŷЩԾ
ôᴩ·˯
ԼԼЩʲôһʱ벻, ľѾɢȥ룬ȴǱƵĽŵˣֱ̧۴յǶ, üɵý
ȾˣŶǺȾš
Դ, ҹ֧, ȥܣƺӶֵľƽѡһ̳ɣƣܴš
ûס˳, , 񿴵ܡ
ǲǷŻ˽˶, ԴЩ, ôֱֻʳڣڰгıø֪ⲻֲһ𷣡
ЩǲˣҲûʲô¡
ͷ˿ɴõ, ˺죬ҹһԼ͵˯ģǲŲԼ˯ϴжױ
⡣滽
ҹ˺⣬źǿҲ֪׷ʲô
£ҪԡŶ룬ŵǵصľ㣬ȴû̫죬ò˿
ҹ£ЩƵҲ޷ֻĵĳЩ֮ͽžð
ûɴ
ţЩʰ˰ɣЩѬȥȥζԹԵױ̨ǰԴе¡
ĴЩףŶǲԣֻһЩ֡
Ҳû̫⡣
ԡϴ󣬽̵һţһ
Įǳʵˣ²˽⣬ཫȴȫؽ˴£²ΨһĶӣδļ̳ˣ¸㡡
һ¡һ٣ԥŲ֪òø˵ͷ̧ʲô£
СүĹٴȥϵ;/¶ڻûϢͷҧ촽С˵£С׼ūǰ죬Сү
׶༪ˡ
ʣµĻû˵ȦЩ죬˵뿪򸮶꣬ɵ׻ǰǵɰӵģīĴ¶ҲûϢȴûж
ɫЩѿҴܳԺӣںţܣȴ˿
Сү׽˵ϻ̫ӣΪıһ
磡ץŽߣСǽʲôʱ£ˣ
߶˶٣ԴĿӺӹһѮǰҲղŵõϢѾ˺ȥˣи֮ˣʲôµġ
ȥ󸸻ʰæתߣȴ˵Ѿȥˣշ̫࣬ΪĮͽͷۣҲҪȥˡ
һü֤Ѿ˳ǻʲôԽƱģ
Ҳ֪²ʧˣľҧ˲ϣ֪µֲ֤ҡҡͷЩΣƮ¥֮ȷһʱ˲һܻͬ񣬵ȷûʵʵ֤ݡ
׽/˫ƫ²Ѳ֪䣬˵ҲȷЩ鷳
ЩʱȴҲ̫ģʾԲľ衻ŻصĮģ漰/ҩܣһˡ
ʵ̬̫ǿӲòȷе֤ݣĮٴ𣿡ɵÿʵ
ˣѹĮߵҲмȺ׵˼ټľ衱ܿ£ѱĮ˼ʱսܿĻա
пܡӦ
ʱһСܽүȥһˣ˵Ҫ̡
£
üֻһˣûһ׮ܳϹϵԵ޹ȥʲôǺȥ
ͷȥɣҲܰϸʣǰﲻϣҲǾһ⡣
˹ǰﲻʲôæģҲǹȥֻΪڸǰýЩ𷣡
£ǱһȥɣߵЩʱȥһˡ
Ҳá
˳ݣڽƵƵĿԷÿ˵·
Ժ죬ͽҲӮ˲ٺÿڱǵĳڽػأϵˡ
ӵĹ򣬳ݱͣ˴ſڡ
ǰӵĳ˴䣬һý߸Ϊˡܡ
ôĶ㣿ûķ˸ۣתѽ
ܿǰ򴽵Į
֮ǰתĮǱڴУܱΪ¸ɰ˵࿤ǻˣרŵһȡ
û뵽ˡ
ʶĿ˫ɽƮƮָ̻ޱ飬Щĸڴ
Щ֣ͷʵָʹû˯ã
ɫЩֲҿֵֹģ϶ʲô˵Ļ¡
һʱûѻ¿ǵԼͷϡ
ǣ̷ϣסв˯ûãлġ
ָʹɫǺܺãǿȥɣߴǵ̸Ž䣬ʵ뱾к£
ģǼϳȥӣ˵һһϣ˿˵Ҫү˵ҪүҵҲûʲôˣæ
ߵɫʱÿˣйϵҲֻг¸һΪ֮˱޽û뵽ǱϡͿ˹
ʱڴ¸õԺУûţ߱תͷҪ뿪
үҵСүǱߴߵü¹Įܵͣһ鲻ãүͷľȾҵȰɣǴʱҵȾǴܵˣ䶼켱ˡ
û˿ݣͲĴ֮ˣҲǿ
ƵûӣתеĿ¡
Ҳü΢֪һĳǳ˿žʹӦˣԿ
ȥȥѾˣҲʲôЦЦȥǾͻҡ
΢΢ףƳһ۴䣬·ɡ
ūڶ࣬Ҳкܶ࣬ǳû̫ǰû׼ȫһԶץУռ˰˼Ρ
¸㡵ռһС䣬нڳֱӰѶҡ
Ҳ˽վڽ࣬ɫһ˿䱸
ߣˡ
¸Ϻͽ¶Ҳʮ࣬պͲм޺ۣǱ򵥵}ˡ
˵ʲôûʲôɡ
¸ЦЦ󿴿㣬ЩҪ

¸ԹԵ˵㲻ǵãһҪ˵СʱȹһһûгΪ²ߵĶǰһֱ뱨㣬Ҳ滰а
Ϊ²ߵĶǰü˵ĻЩŹ֡
¸㡴̣Ӧұи㡣ʶҶסһ˳²ߵĶӣʱ㻹Сǿڿϡ
˻һݼžĴŵֱ¡
׮±͹ˣôĪ˿ȥǿɾͲˡ
¸ϵЦԽԽͣڽϣ˵Ҳµģлʲôè壬Խ²һ顣
ߴôЩȻ²⣬Ըϰˡ
Сܲ򵥣ǳȥˣֻܸһѣ¸㡶˶٣üдϷʣһ׮ô˵㶼ţһҪ㡣
ûѪԵϵã߰ߣЩҲǺͿˣȻһСŮŪס
죡üȡ
¸ȴҡҡͷЦŵ˵Ķ滰͵ģ㲻ҲգһҪ˵
㲻ǽҵѪҲǻӣزֻǻϴӹⱧһӤΪ˰ʺɥӵʹˣ³֪ҲͿһ֪ûҪ㡣
¸Խ˵Խʹ죬ֻһСӰˣɽҲͬ߹󲻵ĶȥЩһֱڹõһ;ĻмһֻҲĸĿ
֮ǰ˵ʲôѵܹĸʵǼٵģߣЩ㣬ǶĺöǼٵģ¸ЦᶼˣʲôҪţǶǼٵģ˵ֻҲĴãƫš
ĶʲôԸΪһ³
лҪ˵ȷģҪȻǰҲŭڻ¸㡶ĸ鲻һǰǸмͬĿ࣬Ҳ֮ǰЩ/ĺ֮һ
ڶŮüۼƣ»ᵽãǸõĹϵ
ĹǿƵĺӿרɼⱾβͿʼӣ
Ҳֳ촩
Ůǿϵͳ籾
Իʵ۰үԪ˧תͶڻֳĻ
Ҳֳ
ֳ
ڻֳȣ
磡
ٰһΣ
ϵͳҪҵ
ȥľҵֻҪ磡
-1V1  ѪԵҲһڱÿһֳֻʧˣڻָ
-۲ۣ

073

Щ¡
ʮ, Χһһľһ, ֪ǴܵĶ, ɻͷһ˸, ЩǼٵ, ʲǸʣĸĸ, òá
ʶķų뷨
¸ȴûи˼أ˵Ⱳٻ, Ƕ㽪ߣ, Ҳ, ҲգǶһˡ
Ҹ㲻һƽ, ˵Ļһֶš
¸Ц, ϵı޺۱߳һѪ, Ե쳣Ǳ
Ҳ, ¸˵ڻܱදˡ
Ҫˣ¸Ҳûʲôٰܹ, ΪһֱԣǺԶԶһλãܹһһŬҲӢµһ¡
ֻ·վƲһ˻ͷˡ
¸Ŀһۣת˵ĶˣˣǩֻѺɡ
Ѱдõ֤ʿһ飬óһ֤ʣʵľ衹²ߣȾָ/ҩܣЩɶô
¸㡶˶٣˵һ
һ㶣˵ǹ꣬ΰнףԴݻƥţ򣬷еݺ
˹۵״һ˿ͼı
ǩ֣Ѻ
ߵľͷȻ쳣ƽڷ˵£ɡ
¸ߵſͣ£Ʋеֻͷһۣ뿪
һ°գ߸Ҫתд󾪺һܹ˲ˣײǽԾˡ
Щ㱣ŵʿˮܾ𡭡ү⡭
عɫǰȥǾȡã
ԭᶨƵģͻȻͶҡˡ
ĲǻӣֻһӹƷ
СһֱǱƫһлûκε
ԭһУ۶ôŬõ谮ԭ
磡ع񣬼Ҵ׷ȥ磬㲻ҪĺСʱĸǴõģҲ˵ü۸ĸһЩôܲǻӣô飬㲻Ҫҽ
˵Щ֪˵ʲôҲö¸㡣˵ֻƽǵöѹ
⻰ǲģ˵ʵ̫ˣЩܽܡ
ͻȻͣ½Ų˵㻹ǵôʱ򣬸ʹһ⡣
硭۵Щ
ЦЦ˵ϲ磬Ǹϲ磬ʱ˵Ƕ磬Ϊæʸ̫ܲܲˣúЪһЪǵõʱʻشʲô𣿡
˵ֻһ̫ӣûѡ񣬾粻Ը⣬ҲҪȥ򴽣ʱΪֻǲϲңֻҪ㹻ãܻῴڲףҲ˵滰
Щѹ
ԭôŬı䲻ģƫǳ
磬ô룬üۼһĨƣģûвϲ㣬¹شС£⿪ڵġ
֮ǰõǲˡ
û뵽ֵڻǵãˣʵȷûпǹΪһֱŬ̫ӣôڸı䣿
ţǼ⣬˳¸㡵ĺ
߿ЦҡҡͷҲǰɣЩħˡ
Ǹ뷨ȴзɿѿƲסĳ
硭֪ôο֪ôƵͷ¹ػôֲأɶֻˡ
Щĺ䣬Ѿħ޷Ĩȥ
벻ǣβȥʻϣԴǵĿЩ²⣬ֻǲȷҲܹ𰸵ģֻлһˡ
˵ǲԸýԺ˼룬ͷϾһһֱһȶء
ߣ磬ĺ⣬Ǳȥʸʣˣһƭǡ
ԥһ˲ջǵͷӦˡ
ԶڲУһӶòĴ𰸡
ߵſڣߺͣקһɰ˹ȥ˰ɣĹʱд㡡
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Զȥĳݣֻͷһ۴䣬û˵ʲôתˡ
׷ʣָʹĮûء
ͷҲصˡ
һͷӣʲôÿġ
¸ɰòˣֻҪ֤ľ衺ͽйᣬָ֤㲻ЧѷٻٵլҲУҪؽ
Ǹ룬˿ġ
ĥһҲü
ԺƤȥ̸ˡ
ⲻ֪ʱĵĽȴЩͷۣŮȫܹ
Щģ᲻һ̴ӽҲſڡ
ҲͰˣܹʲô֣
ϸЩô
ʣҺͶ綼Ѿˣϣʵ˵Ƕܽܡ۰Ͱ͵ʵ
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¸˵ģ˵Ǵӿģһ˲вûֱӷϵ̬ȣ˼ֲ׷ʵʣһǺ˵ģҺͶ綼ĸĺӣ𣿡
̧ߣɫЩףҪôȥˣʹǵļң޾ǵĸʡ
仰˵סˡ
û뵽¸˵ĻȻģʱܶ𣬾Ǵ𰸣Ͼ漰ãֱӷϡ
ɣҸüƣĸһޣ⻰˵İʡŵƯˮһˮģԵúò
̾˿üģӦΪĸһá
ܣʶķæҴδ游˸û˵ƭǵģǲǣ
мֲ̣ȴ޷ȥֱ˵游ϵãҲϣˣֻĸ׽ἰ
˶٣ˣã˭ı䲻ˡ
ǡĶ۵׻һĨãͻȻյģͻȻʧȥʲô
ԭһֱھᣬ׷ĶͲûһһĿܡ
ʱ˼򣬱ʹ֮£Ѿȥˣ۵ôȻȺȴǰ㵱޾ĸףٺ˼롣
Щû취˵ڣҲἰǸŮΪϵ䵭Ϊߡ
ǿ/ȴҪסŽ͵ϣ˭֪ӣʧˣֻһȥס
Ϣǵʱǡ֮ϧ·Ѵ˾ţûܱס
֮ϧ˵޹Ӥһܸĸ֮ʹԽӵ˹½ɰӪһֲٰ죬Ϊٻܲû뵽Ǳ¶ˡ
üôЩ궼Сܵܡ
Щ֡׷֡ݡӶ
Щȴݲ֡
֪߹˴лʸ֪ô궼ǶͿûϷˡ
̾һ˵Ҫúദ㰢ߣް̫֮ӵǻı۰޲ϣ϶
Ҳֻˣĸʵ۲ϣü以ﻥ漰ʼңܻӣܻʧ
֮ϧҲϣ˺úദǱʧ
ǡ
㱵߳ĵɲдżˮʧ䡣
ЦЦ̧ͷѹʲôֲǾˡ
磡͵رס˵ô㶼ҵĶ磬˭ı䲻ˣʺĸָô꣬㲻׼ˣ׼Զˣⲻƽ
ıüۼһƬԶĹ¥ЦӦ¡
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˶죬û벻˿
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Ǳ߱㴫Ϣ˵ǳµĹٴˣ˴󶼻ţˮٸ˼ζʧˡ
˸ʣųˮˡ
ñ˾˺־һȥû뵽ʱȴӧԸһȥ
ЩĶֵİΣȥ·;ңԶԶ뾩ǣѱܹȫ
˭֪˾Ҫȥ˾Ȼܡ
ŵĪͷ´룬Щ棬ֲóˮսΪҪͽȥ
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ܳŻܼӣڼõȭ֪Ҫöٱ
ܶ˶٣˵ҶٽãѣҪԮ֣˰ġ
ɣ־׺ԥĽҴ㵱ʱҶٻʶء
һɨȥ־˲еˡ
ǰ˺üأڶЩӰֲߣû
սˣּҵ
ȥأ磬ܣСģھǵǻЦģÿ
ܶʱ뿪ˡ
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ôóˮսֺ, ˮƮĸоһۿɼĲ, Ƶĺܺ, ɫû¶ֺ
еδ
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ⲻһ뾩, ȴʧȻһֱΧЩʱСĸ, ǳնˡ
ȥֺ˭ľȡһ, ȡǵһ˿˿ػͳ谮, Զա
ӣӵеһУ, ǿŻҵһܵõ
ʱұе, Ϊʲôתܣüۼֻƽ
ܵƳһ, ĵүˡ
ǰƫԴǰ, Ѫ˽ĻֽթֶԽһԹۣ㲻ʲô, ûᣬȴԶȥ
û취ȫӣһˣҲԸ
ҪǽҲֻһ
ߴ̣ҵĵһ濪ʼͺңңȻ࣬Ҷ˵ĸ֪ƭҡ
֮ǰӲʶȴǰңΪΣ
ҲһֱŪ׵顣
ڹкٶ˷ƢУҲͱˣ˿ϵ
ү֪ģƤ䵭ϻһĨǰ¶ȥˣպүǺΪ֮ɡ
ЦȴҲû׷ʡ
ܶĪʹޣҲֻǺѣòԭҲ̫⣬Ϊֻܣˣѡ
˼Զˣʱ־߹ʵүԽĽݴôûߣҪ˵ѽǴܹǿʢؼɵǣߵˡ
ԽʹھǴ˿ˣ߹ʹһһȴɶ˻һȥ޹飬ȫԽĴĽݰ骹
ʹñӦסں£˭˼סʱ̫أƫƫʹĿԽԽֻ࣬ܰˡ
־ÿοԽǸǻ޲ȥһ٣˭أǴܵСֱΣ
бһۣ΢΢°ͣԶɽӣǱûǴĻִӸս
ǰЩӽԺһˣû뵽һģ֪ʲôϸһʲ֪۸۸ԽĴӣϽŪȥ
һŭ֮ڼҽ㣬ʲôʱʲôʱܳ
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һûھǻƣòûˣһ仰Ľݰ骡
ǰʧǰˣ־ڨЦһŵүֲǲ֪ĽݰǼһĲãǴܵĹó𣿡
ԽСطƴҲʳһЩ㲻ʲôõطǹȥҲܿࡣ
⻰˵õмֵȻȽߵͷӦ£˵ԽĽݴӾĲ棬СҲЩ뷨ɣ
ǵ⺩ͷԺܣͳԵģǺξļֱزɡ
ΣС͸ĺúţĽҪãɲĳЩ˵İ˼־ײֹ
汻ԽĴӹˣš
ڳʹ֮е־ײδ֣߿ĿѾˣټһ絶ƽߣͻȻеš
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߸ŵ˵ͷ̧ƳһۣҲһ㲻ʲôö
ʱ򣬰Ͷٰƫ뿪Ծڰռһϯ֮أ˵ﲻǼٵģûһﵽĶðϲˡ
΢΢üĻǿϧˣȰүЩſģЩ¿ɲܾģҪԸ
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ãѩ԰ɢĽݰ骱㼱Ҵҵ˹
ĽݣЩ죬ӡУĽݰһֱأȻʱ˵ŵʱ򶼺򾲣ٻֽš
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Ľݰ骼ֱ켱ˣüţϿģʲô񷨲񷨵ģֲǲ֪ҵܡҸҪˣҪҵȣһصİƭϱ
ɣô죿˱С죬ǣѩ˼궼ʲôˣǲ֪ãһ֪ˣɲ㡣
Ľݰ骵ɫˡ
׷ϱ͵ŮɲҪսʧҪһԽȥĽݰСҸҲã԰ƭߣػʲôڡ
䴽ԥ㻹ǳİɣԹԸȥˡ
ŲҪأԽСطʲôģڴôʱ䣬ȥ϶Ӳһٶ򣬡ĽݰһʱҾ͸Ҹ˵û취ȥҾͲȥ
εҡҡͷȴ͸һԽ᲻ãҲϡ
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ףīİѲκιϵ
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Ҫˣ߶˶٣۵׻һĨ˼żֲȷԺһѧӴ󶼻³һԣǵѧʶ
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ɣеȽӴ󣬺ԥɱһڿհһ̿߷ڼװϣɿĽƷȻδж°ͣԥѡԾ
Ƭ̹̿ڼװϣʧȥϢ
߻Щ𾪣ѾʼϷܿһɵĻһۣŶ
֮⣬ϻЯŴĶ/ҩһʱֲ嵽һֶȫ
̵Ųƿĺڲ˵û
ǻʿ¶棬ܿߣ㲻ðѰ־ס
ҴˣΪսⲻʲôû뵽лˣ㣬л
ȷһ鴬мˮֱˣûоκˡ
쳣Сġ
Զսѽβ־׼˼װ壬Ȼʬ壬һ٣ˮ
үôˣ־Щµʵȴû˵ֻ˼ܣ־ױҲָʹ⵽ôˣͿû˰ɣ
ҡҡͷû̧ߣ⼸ȸңֱؾ
ߵͷӦˡ
ˮ˺ܵطڽͣһա
ϵķ뾩ǴͬҲһȤζ˵߶ĳк͵ĺ߱㰤˹䣬Щȥ
ܸԣҲУԽùŹ֣̲סʵĶʲô
£Ƴһ̧ۣ߽һ鱦
鱦󣿣ɶŮõĶ
ߺĸȥ󿴿ƣһӺŸʽӳڹŹ֣̲סЦ˳
һӽ鱦󱾾ۣЦôΧŮȫ˹ЩҲסæ˵֣Ҫ͸˭ҿû˵ʲôˡ
ԴϻڴϾ߱׽˲٣Ҳûôˡ
ƫƫĳЩ˲׽
ܣָʹһҸ㲻ģĵ͸˭֪ġ
ðɣָʹΡ
ԭΪԸǲˣû뵽һ¹䵭ģǽû취
С־״ӽϷɱǴϢ˵Խֵһ϶ҪӦˣǿȥɡ
һʶܣ
ʶ԰ĳ谮ǾԲ޵Խȥģ˵һӣԽĻʵҲܣ
ǰԼԸ򸸻ʾᶯҡ
ôܣ˼ҰƸ񶼴ˣ־¶һ˿⡣
֪Ͳʲôˮˣ
ƸҲҪ𲻴ӦɫȻÿԲȴȻֹסЩġ
һǸΪ۸ô죿
ҲЩûףʲðףԼ˼أ
ǽЩһﹴ˻꣡
˭ûµĲȴһ޵Ľȣյ蹦˴
ԭҪղܵǣձ㵽ˡ
־ʱɫѾˣ缸ձ㱸õĽԾɵõϢԶԶͷš
ܴ̣ǰһӰȴֱӸǰͷŵǼٵİɣǧܼ޵Խȥ
ǲȥģߣĿдżֳɣɵСˡ
ʲôƤǻҲɣߣǻظȥ
һܣǺܸˣ㿪ڵ磬ָʹһȥɣ
ãϲ׽οɫָʹŻȥأ̵Ǿ͵ȸٵŰݷãлָʹȡ
ܵɫеڣڰһ
Զȥĳݣܶ˶٣ȥϵ˵˼䡣
û뵽Ҷ㻹ǱܸˣĻǺ޲ֱŪ
һͲֱӸ߻𣿣
ֱˣȥû¡
ͱϣҲӲ𷣣¶δܹסôҪ
̫ˡ
ҹɫ٣ıԺھĵġ
һСʯӶӷǰü䵭̧ͷʲô
˼ɰͰ͵ֻˡ
ȻţҪ˵ЩʲôȴͻȻϮһ磬󾱱һƵĵȥ
Ծмֲ̤ʵ̧ٷŵɢæ˵ŮǶﳤģЩûá
ǾͰˡܵ˵
óʹҪԼܹǻûӽͱŵˡ
ע
ܿĿԽϿңȴЩֽţŵʲô֪
ٲͽȥˡ
Ϻ͹Ѿˣټһܣܲ
ζҲڶΡ
һĹİ
һжģûһͭӶĹϵ
һ//ҩɵĹԼбڵϡ
ұˡ
                        
лҪ˵̫ˣ

077

ôݵķ, ûİӵϾš
ﾲĵģûκ, , ۵׻һĨ, Ҳ˵ΪʲôҪ, Խһӣмֲ
ʱҪʧȥһ
޿κȥ, ¼ҵľɰѾϴ壬Ҳʱ̹ˣ㰢Ҫȵʮų, ҲԷ
վڷǰԥţҪ, ȴͻȻˡ
, ʶıǰϤСϴЦŷ˼֡
û˵, ̽Сֽ˷, Ѹٹš
𸸻֮ǰǸ޲óģв, ŵأͻȻ, һƼˣﲻý͡
Сϴżֵǣ΢С߬䣬ʶĵͷ˿, ָȥ
۱ʱˣС֣ĿĶͳ̹ףϾȢ㡭
УʶķһеӴĿеὥ̣Ƥ
ԸģԲŻ
ҲģԲŻĬһ
ΪʲôΪʲôܾ
ܵЩ尾һ˲Ժл뷨߬Ž֣þȫɬʵȢ㡣
Ҫˡ
ȢһռΪʲôԸȥʲôں

ϲ˱ˣ
һһţ·ͻȻȫ̮ʧӰ١
һΪʲôĴ𰸡
ҧҧ촽ǰᱧסԴֻոյֵؿڣš
Һ£˲ʲ״Ӧģ۸㡭ҲԣܣҲٷԡ
ֱۣһһ˻ս
мʣȴۡ
ģܵ˻ƵһӦģҪʲôҶԸӦġ
Ļżܹܵȵ£Щġ
Ѿ֪һЩǿȵ¶ȰΧСԾЩ죬С˵´ˣ˾
򴽣һЩҲµġ
֪̣˲ؿڣСҲ뿴㱻۸ƾʲôѽˣҶ᲻۸
ܺ˹һƬİ
һַıһβ˵߳ƽüܹĸܵ˴˵ĺ
Ȼһᣬ˾ͱ˻ϵ¶ȣĪʼա
ûϵģǱ۸ҲĸԸֻҪܹȢ㣬ʲô¡սҾȥ
˵ˣסͣװͰ͵ĵһۣһ˵ģڣ㲻ٴսͷôգһˡ
ϸ⻬СĴϣߵС쳣ˣֻҪܹܺ᲻ԾĹ˹۵׻һĨ/ɫء
ļ磬Դᣬĸļտ쵽ˣҶĸƢʱҾֱӸ˵ٲˣҲôģĸ˵ҪԼ
˵ţͻȻоʲôڴԼȣʶĵһۣ֣˵ꡭ
ͻȻȥ֪뵽ʲôСһƬգĵɴˮ
ܶʱЩ֪룬һƬ̣ź͸ˣæƿУһʶסĲӽϡ
ҡܽŵʿˮҪ䣬ȴʲô˵
ϻһĨ߳ܺͰգͷȴԾûְԾļӿ죬ͨСϻһĨ⣬СֵֿļӬ㡭ҷ
ɿ֡
ʶĳƳһۣСʱˣתܽҡ
ܰյĲ˲أƽϢŸȥѾϣһɴСϵıʮ߷ֽߡ
ɴᣡܺ˹۵Խȡ
ԼתȥԶԶģЩȵĽ͵ҡû۸㡭
⻰˵Լûֵ/˵ðûģֻЩƲס
͵͵Ӧһ͵͵һۣɻġ
ߣƭˣ
ǰǰ̵ֽȻܵ״ֻȻΪ顣
ûʲôء
ܴӻһ֧Сķױ̨ǰЩССʧ䣬ְء
ʱɴ͸һԴСȻһĨΣ۾գգʵʲô
ȥֲֻ̫Сǰĥһĥһһ־ģûסЦ˳
ôҹһܳộ۵׸ֳһĨ֣ѽ
ܹʹĴ˹ȥӦѾǰ
ƣ·Żģ䴽Ҵϡ
齺ְܵͣţֻķԴӲķ䣬˿ɢӨĹ󣬳ĵļԽ𪣬εЦݷ·ԡ
ܿŲۣϵĶҲ˰ġ
ͷ˻Դ̧סĲյĶϺһֽһӹ˵/󣺡Һÿ𣿡
һͨ죬Ϸ·˵˻𣬼̣˲ʧء
ֿ̧סı˵ϣȵĺĲ䣬һǱĴꡢաüۡԴֱĶȴƵ൱ᡣ
۵ЩţˣЩڲùòҪֹȴţֻܷءֻСģʹ
ء̫ˣ
˵û۸
ʱ淢Щ춯һûѣּӴ˼дЩ춯ʵ
һ·𱻵ȼǷ˲佽ʶס˺ݺݵصһۣϢ˵û£ֻǷ˸
ˣ˴룬ȷԽæֹû£ʲôˣˡ
е쳣üͷ˵ˡְðˣұݲ̽
˰ɣû¡еţҿæܲ˱
ðˡ
Ŷ룬պôɴ˵ûʲôЩˡ
Ĵһۣûʲô쳣۶˶٣ĵ׵ĻȴǰδôԵ޹ιȥһȻɺҩŵˣ
ȴϸĻᣬ˵ȥǱ߿ǲǱ߳ˣǳгԵģ˳ЩЩˡ
ףתš
˿Ҫܽȴס͡
ûнŲۻûȥ
ߺߵĵһۣҪܲ˵ôܲ۷֣
ߣһã                        
лҪ˵ίͰͣĴ̫ðҵĴQAQ׻ǴߵĴ
˯˯㱻Ųţ
Цݽ/̬

078

ȵȥ, ŵһĲ
ִӽƿȴץסҧһ, ûö, ҧȥȴ, Щķ, ȵĴϣǸձѹȥ/ִ
ҪֱܰӿؼҾͺ, ܲʵʵ뵽
㻹ߣǸ֪ˣǵô, ͽ˾ɣĵһ, ϴŻδȥĺ, »ٸ۸ңҾͰӽš
ܴ΢΢𣬷, עĹ, ɿǡ
ֵһۣȴתӴ˳ȥ, һ, Ӵ̽һԴϹԴɬЦݣĶǺ
ÿ˵æ˴ӣõ
ȴ, ·Ͽֺʱء£ʱᾭΪһ仰͵͵ѹþá
·˽ࡣ
ղŵΣЩգȴ
ٹЩʱգһ˵
ûñЪˣصլԺȴûô˯š
յĸ·ȷЩˣԺȴϷ֮ǰĻ棬޲ٰѽϺú۸һأ˭ôˡ
ǣ֮ǰû£˸ס
.
ڶһ磬߱Ŵӽ޵˽СԺ
ҹɫ鱦Ʋ߱˰ա
Ļʮõģ˵Խӳòÿһı㳹
òÿҲʼҵŮΰɣ
㿴壬ǲǱȹĸصЩ˷ܵĽܵ˵Ҳݶеӣ궼û
ҵգ֪ϲĿζ
˵һĸӺֻôæû˵ϣȸпգһȥ棬Ǳߵľɫǲ

˵űЦʵȥüνϣСȥģػҹɫǸΪݻҵĵطʶ
ȥЩۻĵطϵľɫȴҲĺãɽˮȤζСˮ˼ҵҲξ͡
л磬۵ģͷϵ壬Ц幤ǾɣȸҲùѧѧ
ϲͺá߶˶٣Ŀ˿ջأЩ㱣˰ɣ
һˣ
һģһķǣǶţëôأ
򴽣ַȥŬ֮ǰмֱֻԽԽԽԽ̲ס˼롣
ǰûֻոջؾǣҲ͵ġ
ŵ䣬װĵʵյױ治ӵǾɣҲδ
ʶӣüÿ𣿡
Ȼÿ߿ϵЦݣԽЩԣ׷ʵĶģ
ͷգ۾˵ʲôʱҲʼĹҵĴˣй򣬵ȥȭźͽԼ
û뵽˵ԼʱĿһͣȭŹǲôĳսɱ˸ûȡ
üеĲԽԽŨ˵ʵӵģ
һִ֪ڣܲƽ׽ӵ裬Ƿֶ
⼸ϲԼģ
͵͵ʸҵ״ôüͷ΢СǸ˵ˣתͷ
ô᣿̱֤Һʱɹ£δҲ̫ῴˡ
ϵЦԽŨգգ۾˵㷢ģ˵㻰
֪ôϡͿĴӦˣչȥ˵һ֣߶ʱһԴ˲ըˡ
ܣ
ôô͵˽סһеĶ죡
ߵɫÿͻȻʱİܹ˵ԺжΨһŮػ˺ö
ģ
Ĵ˿гһѵžͷߣæȥεʲô
ȥҧгݵ˵
ԸǰûһǵǷһ飬װͳһι˹
ֲԸֵܣȻͶ԰Ļ죬뵱÷
ˣ
ִ򲻹˵ˣһأ˻£ҿҲͦõģȲˣ
˵
㿴úãҲ书ôƽ䲻˵ͶռһĹеģȻǸʶĨգգۣһܿɰ
˻
߼ֱ޲óƤɴۺúƣ˭ǷûƵĮпɰ
ûﳼ֮ӡû˵꣬ͰƷˣ¼ѾϽսɳ˼Ҳ֮ôûˣ
öĪһǿӲҲУ佫̫ˣ
𣿡룬ԺĪֳĳЩգĳЩͦ׵ģҲûŪѽ
ǰֻǰһĻż˴ҲܹԵĽܳͷ˵ˣ˵ʱ
˵ԽԽߣҲûϸ
Īе顣
³֪ˣɱƭˣ˵
ҲûаɡܹԵѽ䣬ͷ˵ΪңЩҶ֪ģҪ˽һܲź½ѽ˵ˣ˼ൣһԼ
߻ͷϣܾÿʲô˳ۣҲ̫ãҺõúܣ
¶˯ãû˵ϸ˵Ľ骿źҪ޸㵱ˣ׼ǴͻءЦеѵ
ܾЩ죬̧ʵĽĸ
Ľݰ骰ЦӯӯĿ
߲ƨһˤڵϣ¶־֣ŵֶЩ¡
Ľݰ骣
ǸͿ֬Ĩ۵ǻ
Ľݽ㴩ŮװƯˣɱⲻۣɹתìܣ°˵Ҿǵͦʵġ
ľ͸޿
ǧϰû뵽ͷϵ˷
ҲϲˣҲȢ˵ʲӦġ
ȻǼĺӣҲǴܵ棡
ĽݽŮİԽĹ
ϷʱɱȽϵ競һûܵ뵽Ľ骵ӷЩͷۣҲװģһлŮء

µǰͷʱ˶ܵĵ⣬ÿٰʮεͻȻϮ⣬ҲûٿĵȰ
ûԾǳɹһ룬˲١
ֻǽ֪ûʱ򣬽߰ȫ˻ȥ⻹רŷֳһſڣʱ̽䱸ĳ˰ҹĲҪо
˹գﴫϢ
ԽҪʶʶķˣھԳһͬǰȥ
ǿ˽һҪ
Ȼȴһȥ˵ʲôʶķˣ뿴λ࿤׼ＸֵֵĽ
ԼûԽʹףôȻģٴ˺ܵʳٷ
ûɾܾһ׮£뵽Ľ骣мֲ
ŰҲյϢ̧СԺææ׼̲סЩ졣
ʲô߶˶٣ʵΧԵ˵ˣ
˵Цü䣬׼·أôһͷһȥμΧԡ
Ҳȥһ٣Щȡ
ƽϲһЩ˵Χԣذ׿¶ûƽ޹ȥμΧʲô
ңСףҲˣô궼ûҴȥһ棬ЦӦмֲԸ˵绹δĽݽɣ
Щһֱܿܣ࿤벽ŲȥҲžüˡ
ƽ޹ʱһ׮ͦܵģĽ骵ЩֺƤܹĳҲܺá
粻ȥƣǲϲ˾ǣʱһʽ͵ġ
̾˿
ǰ˵֪ԼǻãЩѾǷ̫ණ׮¿ɾûôþܡ
۵׻һĨչȥǲȥã˵ҲȥأЩ綢ýҿˡ
߶ʱۡ
ȥôȥ
Ҳ                        
лҪ˵ִ򲻹

079

ΧԵĵصھ, 뾩ǲԶнڸ, ·ϡ
ʱ, Ѿ, һڴ, Զָָ㣬֪˵Щʲô
һ۾Ϳվܡ
ʡ첽, ϴǳǳЦ⣬նʱҲЦ˵㵹ǻ, ޴һ·еÿˡ
ѱ˾С̫̰ѩ˳, Ѿ, Ȼ󣬵ιļãëѩ, Բ, Ȼǳӱڻﶼ㲻ɡ
С׿С̫໳, ڽȱ, תתȥ
Դ˵С׺ٳѵø, Ǹء
ѽεҡҡͷװⲻͬЩȣһٱͨԣǧҪСЩˡ
СӾȴ᲻Կ࣬ûѧʱΧҲԸ֣صڿ죬·ˡ
ţҲᱻ˵
лʹģһúע⡣ɵӦ
ʱӪʵĽݰҲߴ˹һ߸ˬü£Ĺ
ݵȷм죬ߵĿⲻƣƳĳʣЩա
ޣ
ȻһʵĹ
Ȼôã˼ߡСߡаŮҵģ
ͬʱĽݰҲ˹Ŀ˽ϣű㿴ĽߣĴš
ģҲֻôӣĶֵ͵࿴ˣ
Ľݰд˼ֲޣڵĪλ࿤
㲻ͼˣĽȶס죬һ󲽿絽˽ǰס⼸ҿҪˣ㶼ȥҡ
ʶϵһ߶ȥȴһŮյһһǰߵЩϵıʮ־ʡ
Ůܲףȴʹļ׵תߡ
¿ɺãδõˡ
տ֮ײ۵׺ĻһĨЦ⣬˵ȥɣСЩҪ˵
˵ΧԣȴɣϾԽĻӺ͹ڽֻϺ󱲣ȥɱ׷ʤ˴ܵķȡ
ĴƷ;ʱ̸ų»ǹĹĴ󳼵ļ£ǳǢ
͵͵գգ۾ʾ߶
أһȺͷ׵ĴУ롣
߳ȥɫ˲ˣĿȻӦ±׮£Ŀ֮£ҪЩ
ߣôˣĽ˾䣬͵͵һĽݰ㬵ߴ˴ա
лŮôʧͳˣƫֳ׼
ҡû¡ЩȻԶ˶٣˵䣬չЩ
Ľ۵˵ҲƣȻ̽ң
費Ҫҽ㣿ĽݰĶĽ骶ʱӣðɣһһЩֻһЩŶ
һ/ȤûУ
ʱѾ˹ĿͣڽЩƲδ磬Ҳǰδйĺ֫ϸ쳣ԵԽС
ָʹ߶߰˹жߡ
ĽݰüԭΪ߸ãôԼӲȥģҪôôһˣȶĽ骻Ҫ磿
ԭ̫ˣ̧Žߣ˵˵࿤Ǵܶĺöɣ֪Ƿҽҵս
߲ôãδĴӣȻܵˡ
ֻ˶û˼߿ܣ˵Ľݵĳ٣ǲ˽һλǴܵĺöɣϰһգһͬΣ
Ľݰ˶٣ʶĿܣʱ˵ⲻ̫װɣ磬֮ıԾͲҪˣοǸմսϻġ
ΧԽӿУδ÷򣬸ܿմһϵ˵³ȥȣֱҲ̫۸ˡ
İάһ棬˭֪ߵˣޱȼᶨﲻףˡ
ƳһĽݰ£ڵȭͷ˽ĪҲӡ
ҲãǾͬȥĽݰ
ȥһѡƥ/ͼͲܣ󶼸Դһ
ĪܹЩҲȥɣĽݽ㡣
Ľ骵Ȼ˷ܵӦ£ķ/ȥﰢߣ
ͺˣҲЩܡ
̵ϣ߬ȴֲֻܻǰС˷ܵϵ˺üȦǰ˳ȥ
ȥˣСЩǲд㡣
Ľݽ㡭
̧䣬ĽѾӰĪЩգҲóЩܴʱҲڹս
Сأ˶٣üͷ΢΢
ѱ˾С̫˵£ѾȥѰˣҲãɵʱ򡣡
⵹Ҳǡ
һʱЩģڲʱǱˡ
ߵɫãںĽݰɫÿֻĽüɫĴ
˵㲻֪ܿһԵһֻ¹Ҳһֻء
Ľݰˡ
ֻ㰢ߵģ߾ԵֻӣֻһֻһֻǿƽˡĽЦ˵
ֻҵģĽݰѾøˣ⻹ûӦ޳ȥģ첲ѾյҲŵطˣԺô죿
Ľ骻ȻϾ̹Ȼƾģǰߵģ㶼ˣͲң
ĽݰֲֻܶݺݵضŽߣ޲һڰԽ
֣˾ˣֲ䲻Сӡ
ЩŤȻĽر壬־ֵֹġ
ӺҪһŮæ
˵ףģЦſĬܡ
һֱȺ˵ЩʲôЩ䵭ȴ˾
ڵȵһ䡣
򴽣۵Цᣬֹס̡
׻ϲ
˸նһۣδ˵ʲôȻֻôһ仰Աߵˣɫһһѿ
ĽȿһĽݰְĿڽϣ˵ͦģɱϣǴܵ꽫

Ҳѽֻá
ܾⰲοֵֹģĳû˿仹۸Ļӣﵽ̹˲١
ĽݰһûأеȥһأĽͣЩͣ
Ҳһ书ĵø洫ѧֶѣĽԼֳٳ磬̰߸ŵһ˰ɣϽȱ衣
Ľ骺Ͼǹɡ

Ľݰеޣ޲ֱһ˦ϣһ취ûС
ԶС̫Ҵܹϴţæ˵£ûҵСס
Сһֱܹԡĵвüͷ΢΢⸱ģѼͲ͹/ж£˵ȥҡ
ܡһ٣С˵СЩ
﷢ᣬҧƳЩ䣺ȥæ
ҲȥҡĽݰ˵
Χ˶ʱ뿪˴룬ȫּ䡣
ѩǽߵģһֱܹɣҲǶԲϲּʧȥӰ
ܸѩһʱգҲЩӣѱ˾ȫǰɼʧҰԡ
仰˵Ҳ˶á
ڳ˼䣬ԶеӰһţ·δֹ
ۣѸٸȥ
档
ٳٵòϢĽЩǣʶڡ
̫ģôڰæܿͻҵѩġĽݰ
򴽻òЦţлĽݵ¿ϰæ
С¶ѣĽݰ΢΢㱣عʵ˵ˣ֪տˣ
˵ܻʵ۾ܾ˺׵飬ĽݰȻмֽҡ
ӭȢģܷܲǵû̵Լ˽ȥοݾɫּᣬȡȻҪúȡһ¡
Ҳʲôˣֻǽأ
ϵЦֿ˼֣üۼȾˮᣬˡ

žߴ
ĽݰͨײС¹һˡ
Զһڳӳ̸Ľÿ˹
Ľͽ˵ʲô֮䵹Ҳʮֺгһ߶԰ĽݰͲ̫ˣ˻Ƶġ
һһҲȢ
ڴ˲˳Ŀ˹ȥ
ΪΣʵ
ԽȢϻ˼
΢ΪԽλɲŮòʵһˣسɼѻҲҴܰһ
ǰ΢ҲüΪʣǼ޹ȥдܣҲʲôί
ȷܺʡ
λ󳼷׷׸Ľݰ뽪ԼżеޣһǺ¡
յɫЩڡ
Ҳ䣿
ĽݰⳤҲֻպϣûĽ˳ۣ书ΪأҲֻǸӡƲЩ˵ԼöܲסʲôϢ
ʣЩ˹Ҳ²һͲ
ˣԽ氢˻˭ˣ᲻ĽݰһﻹҪģ
ʱͻȻһ
ôͻȻμΧˣ                        
лҪ˵ڿʽ

080

Χѡĵط, ȻǾ뾩ԽԽã֮⻹Ҫϡ, Χĵβ̫ӡ
һƬӺܴ, Ӱιȥ, ȴûѰκټ, ·֮ǰĶĻþ
ƥ֮Ṧּ䴩, ݣҲܹ۲쵽ϣ޷ֵ顣
ּȸղ˲, Ѱһܾŵ޷ݣȴ׷ױ¶Ұ֮С
Ըй, ȴû, ǰȥ
ʱǶ˴һֵζмĵͺܺС׵, ûҵ, Ѹٸ˹ȥ
δ߽ǱѾ˸ս, һѩ׵ӰɿĴӵͰĹľд˳, һֻɫǣĶݣһ˱ѹǰСס
ǵͱС״ܶ࣬սɶԶԶǿ, ڿǵϣھ޴ĳײ£ɣݺݵϡ
ŨصѪζڿﻹһŰɫĺëСҡҡλεվȴŲѪڵء
һѩɫУһȱʧĺɫ쳣ۡ
ü̧ҪСױȴ˼ǽ䱸
ԭüãͨѩûһ˿ɫٿȥȴʮǱ̵ѪӲݣһʱѾȫ˸ס
ܻСȴ͵ػͷϵĺëըϵȥ
ϵ˻Դ׺ݣܣ˿ȥ˼
ֶ̧ö÷ȴءһ͵˹÷ûĺȣȴ˿ˣҧܵļ
СѾŵתܣѸٶ㿪ǵϮ˳һԴ
û֣ϢĻᣬֱŤǵĲӡ
߶춯Ѿǰǰ˻ȥȻ˳ѪȥѰС׵ӰһƬͰĹľз
ܷʣҪӵȴʹİ˳˳ë̵ıڻ
Сױ㱻ڹΧӴĶǹŮ̫࣬ˣȴЩ쳣·ܿĿһ
иղֻǡ
üͷ΢Ժл㱸ֳһ׮ǰʱѩһҹͻȻҧ˺öˣС̫඼ûзŹ
ѩԣȻȻ޷ȥײԣȴóȻˣǱιʳ˲˶ʳ
ҲһԱıܣȴȫˡ
Ҳʲôһ٣üͷøˣһֻǵǲΪ壬Ķȫأ
ò
ѽʱŷѾæˣȵýƣҪֱȥѰңȴߵסˡ
ﲢɾвʲôмΪĵ߳ϣСԵֿͷ
ִǰȥæֱӾǰͷĽա
Сǹİ裬ôЩڹиҲֻнһˣˣɵ᲻С߶ּЩȥæ
ûܱϻˣĽŲдæСȴüȣæӭҪӹѩȴҡҡͷ
˵ֻǻɣȷСǷͶιܲðհѩС
ˣұñ˵С͵
ҧ촽Ӧ۵ȴֳһĨŨŨĵǣ֪ͲðС״ƽ޹ʳôͷ
ôˡʱ뵽ʲôϸĴܣʵû°ɣ
򴽣û£СǱһֻ˵ģһºܿɣƺڷһɣ˸ιʳҩ
Ҳ䵽ϣ룬Ͼͣѳ뵽ǰ飬Щǡ
¹عΣСһЩû
ǵʬѾ˴ˣ̫ҽСװһ£ٿǷʲô쳣ܳ˵
ּǵӰһţû׷ʲôܸǲ
ͷӦ£ĿŴƿæԸȥ̫ҽ
ݵ̫ҽСҲ棬ȻƼѩƵƯƤëӲҧȥһ飬Ҳ¶ֲ̡
ּǵʬ̧
״ңϵ÷ɵ˿ڻѪԴӲŤһȦϻЩɫë
̫ҽսţüͷʱ壬ŨصѪζᵽһɹζζȴ͸һɬ΢ȴ޷Ρ
Щȷԥ˵߾ϵζ߾֮£ǳ֮ز֣ټ
߾ϣ̫ܿҽ׷ʵкЧ
˵ûд󰭣ֻǸЩȴܹʹｹ귢񣬼ǵԣƽ̫ҽ͵͵һ۽£С
΢΢Ҳ֪
СǴӹģһ·Ȼѱ˾С̫ҲǸʰŵģʲô˭Ҳ޷֤
ô˵С׶ֻһֻѩ˭ɥĲĶ֣
̫ҽСǷʳ߾ϣܿ𣿡ʵ
̫ҽ̾һҽιĹˣٲҲǳеĴ󳼼Ҿ죬ܶһֻѩ˽
ܹѾǼˣ߾ϵζҲЩǿҪø֪С׵״Ҳ̫Ϊˡ
⡭̫ҽֻܾ˵ⶫԶ˵ԣֻǼѱˣЧҲԡ
ʱø˹߽࣬Ȼǰ֮ǰƲˡ
ѾȥΧˣ׺ǣóھΧϡ
յɫÿȦΧԵص֮󣬽ѾˣĴӦɾӦóĲ
СѾˣܵĻն࿴ۣܾʲôطֵֹģһôСô죿
֮ЩۣҪСȴһӰסˡ
ʣƥǹǱι߾ϣ̫ҽʱ޷ȷСǷԹ˵ȱСףñˣΧ֪ûޣһܹǿɾˡ
µջ֣ȴ൱İĻ˽ȥ
뵽Ķࡣ
Χ˵Χԣ˵ǴԽѺýҪһΧԴٳ˫
ΧҰ޷˼Եôûг⡣
˼ţǰͳ㼱Ҵҵĸ뿴ѵġ
̯һӣմѪ˿ͷɢŨŨѪζ
ܻС˼Ŭǰ˹ȴһѰ˻ȥ
߾ϣ̫ҽԽ϶ˣ˵û߾ϣζŨСһ˸ޣ󣬻ϣ˵ز˾
ɫ΢䣬޵Ҫʲô͡
ⳡΧԵĳ˽գߺͽ֮⣬ֻʣԽļʹĽݰĽãԼеĲֹԱͼҾ졣
ûȻҲУƩҡԼ½ҺæĮ֮µнˡ
մĵװŲȥϺٲͳе£Ҳû˹ʮ֡
īɥϵǼٵģûڹٴϣȥĶ
ϢձģȴֱīȥЩʱղܻ
ȻȴҲֻǲīǣǼҶϣܱܷâǰ˿֪æ޾ˣǱһѡ
īϣû̫ƽϣѵ˼ˡ
̫
ϣ·ͬСɣȻذɡĽݰдżֵǣѳûô׶Ը
ǲŴܣȻҲֻܵûҪðա
Ľ骶ԽߵѾʮˣٿȥѱᵱߣĽһ١
ⳡΧԵĿѾﵽ³ɲɣҪĸǷӦ
ĽݰȻòӦѾǺִȥ
ҲáյĿƳֱĶܻѩ˵һԣҪʱվͲҪˣްع
۰Ͱ͵ʣþûСˣˣһչ˲ô죿ġ
Ҳߣбһۣڵô죿
̣üСҲ˵ģȻ½һģŰɣȹЩʱû͵
У㡣Ͷ£û̫ϣӦ±ȥˡ
ȴܾб⡣
ڿôãһ䶼ûСףȴ˵òУ᲻ˣƭ˭أ
Ҳֻһֻѩѡ
ҪǰȥŲû̫ʢݲù㳷ˡ
ʥУŽ˺ͷ
ڸæҰޣⲨ޹գŽҪȴͻȻ
ȥĶں׷ʵ
ȴûӦСͣǰС׵ԴС׵ίͰ͵Ŀ
ܵ۵ᡣ
úˣʳСףҪ֪𣿡
Сɺί
İɣܵͳһչ˺
Ѿ֪ˣɵͷСϵȴûƿС˵۸㣬㲻Ҫ̫ѹֻ̫ˡ
׷Ľ߸ͣ½Ųһ䣬ɫʱ
ʹ
ôƽһãôأ
ܺҲûﲻã佫ҲģƷҲпɣ˼ô涼
ǲ
ƾʲôСӣ˸ˣ
ٺõܹһӦ
еûӦ£˵֪۸ңģû۸ҡ
Ǻǡߺ޲õһȭͷϡ
ǾͺãЦЦ۵ģ̧ͷС׾ͽˣһᾭȥģҪúչ

ԭأ
ɫһڣǳᵽĽݰյ顣
У
æǰקס˽󣬺üŭĿĵܣ߷ߵȭͷ
ü۵ʹ˼ͳһ˿ί

ҧгݣ޺޵ķȭͷ
޳ܣ
޳֮ͽ                        
лҪ˵ߣˣڣҪ˱
˯˯յ
ȥˣԤ/⣡

081

ΧĻ, ҰͶͼƻͻȻ¼ֵóĻ̻, ˭׷
ͬʱ, ̬, ȴҲʶ, ƺѾڱУ޷赲
ԽСȴʮָ, ʳʮָߣܱǿʢ˿ڶ, ͬ˹ϵĽһ˫Ӯľ档
ȴ뿴
ɸżڣһ޳Ӱֶ, Ŵڵһ˿϶, Զա
Ƿȸ֣о, ȴ˿ûӰ쵽¡
ү, ˣҪһźµӰӲ֪ʱͻȻڱ, ͳ˻, ˮһ̶
ϸָŵĺ˴ӣĵת
˴ȦӣҪصЦһ, üۼֲмѱٵһɶƾʲôΪ
²ǹİӪǱ˾ãڽϣ׷ԭ󽫾²ߣҪһˡ
нߵǰǻ
ڵϵĺӰûпֻصȴķԸ
ϵЦ˳ԭ䵭мͻȻ¶˼Ȥֵ̧ҲЩá
ĮľǱĮ˽ȥһͽҲܿˣĮʣµ֮˲ϣټϴԽһû˺֮ǣĮ᧿Σ
ôĮսУȻûгԹȴҲȥĽ׶Եʤ˾ͷʢҰģȻһ̤جΡ
üͷ΢ԾָĵĦ°ϣ˵ȻĮµʹȹһ˰ɡ
ǡӦһ漴ܿʧڽҰС
ʱ¥Ѿ˽Ų˴ĸ׳ѺõЦݣ߽˸ڵż䡣
֨ѽһǽϵɽˮ˻ΣͻȻ¶϶ԽԽֱݵһˡ
׳˹Ž΢΢£þòүǴʺá
׽ҲųֿЦ⣬һֱӴӻŷ⣬ĳϡ
ûȥӣƳһۣ˵ǰЩûô˵˵Ӳù
ĮϸϣƵĮĻʣƹĮȴֵܣռһƺһһ
λӲ̹ҪֵܸһҪİʰ̯ӡ
ܵĽսĮܣľҲóȻܵʹᱩ¶Į뽫Ľ飬ѶĲ
ʧȥӦĮʮҲֻûצϻֻǿ׺˰ˡ
£үΪ³çǸֻҪܹƽȳľ衽ԺĮϱүֵܡվǰͷĸ׳˵
ʱЦüлһĨȴͣɲԸֵܣϣǰֵܿҲҪ࿼ǿˡ
¡
˵ˣֹ̧ǣֵ̣ˣѵǿԿǡ
϶ʱ˿ֳһĨЦ⡣
ľζܻ뿪ܣĮҲףƽЩĮҲҪٲСѹ
û˽ƾеѺõˣֶ˱˾һǿı߾ƱػԽԽѡ
Įǰĺǳһȥˡ
ǰһ̾˿˵Ǹѣ㲻Ҫܾү⣬ֻкܹӮ
ûзȴҲûӦ£ϴŵЦݣĵһ׮»˵ˣ֪к뷨
˵ǡԽһӰŷŵϣͿڽĲԶдŹźԽҪȷǼϲ£Į˵ȴû
ʲôأǴܵĹǶڻʹĽ£˿춯Ǿû취Żȥ
ս꣬Ҳ߿п޵ʬǡ
ǲϣֳɣ⻼ټһǿİ֣οǻľ衣֪Ӳҡҡͷ
뿵ָԽԮ֣ˡͨһڵϣŽߵס
˶٣˹е飬Ỻǻ谮Ů˭ҪǸǾѰ·õѣҲ˿ݡ
ԽʹܼͬҲǽԸ⿴ľ档
Ѿʧأʱпܷɣ֮俿Ҳֻһշ֮ˡ
һƵĸɣֻΪһ
ߵԾĹ˹ѵҪɾһ˿ۼɣôܷ˿ߣҲȥˡ
һֱͦļ˼֣¶˿˿ɬ
ǻѡֻƻԽʹܵĮлԴϢ
л£飬ϣܹؿǡ
˵գתȥҪʱ򣬱Ի֡
Խȸ֣ٸһƬӣǿڡ
⼸ձڸУʱֳ̽н̵䶼ĥˡ
ǹңԲĵ
߶ǰһĻһֱǺģϴԣ˵㿴ˣսƻһֵΣûҪɢǵ˼Ҫ۾ˡ
磡ЩΣŶ˵㶼ûȥԺˣҲȥ£˿
дշأһֱţ˭ҹȥڣ˿ղŵĻ⣬˵ˣһңôҲҪֹ֣˵ĵװƭ
һѣߣһʶĳ˽ȥ˵ȻҴӦ㣬¸߸ʣ֪ģֲǲ֪ʱˣֱӰӽͷ
ԽԽԶԴЩʹεģֲӽӽ˾һҪ
СƸˣӪ˲ſɲ٣˵ʵİмǾֻûŸͷˣ˵ˣܼǧգĿɲֻһ
ֻһСֹת˻⣬ʵԽʹžҪ뿪ˣôģĽݽ㣬㵽ȢǲȢ
ĽݰôܵĿʮһΪӭȢΪ˰ߵĽ骰ȥ
ˣǶȻܼ޵ԽȥģĽݰȻûоˡ
ҡߺԥղ˵ô໰ЩڸԻЩ
Ľ骳úƯ޿ɷϣִżӢ뽪Ȼͬȴƺ޷ƿĿ⣬ܺãʮ壬ʱѣϷһ°⣬Ҳûë
ڴ˽꣬һһʹûܰԽȥóҪ¡
Ҳ֪ĵЩãȻǸӦúԥȢĽ骣мֿܣûãǷܹһЯֵϣǸӦ£ȻȢ
ԣȢȢĽԼ£ЩʲôĽݽҪ޸㣬ȥҪԸֳľ񣬡գգ۾˵ı⣬ˣָô죿
һ㶣ʶҪôѾ˻Լûѡ񡭡
˭˵˼ҪˣܺԽö꣬޷ҲᷴĿɳ𣬡ѵĽݽԽҲǼܳĹǲȢԻֹ
߶ʱЩסˡ
˵ô˶٣Щץץͷü֮ǰ˵Ҫ޹ģһŵǧô׸ģ
ʱˣü˼ǹɲʲôӣһϲԽĽĽʿǸõѡ񡣡
ߺһͣ˳Ĭ
֮ǰһ붼Ľ骾Ի޵ܣûѡ£ڱʸУͻȻʧȥʲôһ
Ȣˣλ˵
Ц˵ǶȢĽݽˣ
ЩȻֱͦ˼˵Ҹ֮ǰйŮԽ֮٣Ȼ֪ΪŮҪģǶ˴ܵ棿
ֻѭ֮ԸȢˡ
ǲӦøĽݽ˵һ⣬ȥ͸ı⣬ʱҪջϲһˡ
߾мֵȴַ·ﲻԾˣ˽ֹĳСʲô𣿣
Ϊ
Ͼ°ͣѵĽݽҲ˴ˣȻȥͱĽݰż޸ԽĴã˵һֲʶ佫ÿ춼Ľݽһ١
⻰ȻǺߣĽ¼޸ӣҲҵ³Щƫƫˡ
վ˵¹Խͬ˹ϵȻȥ˵ˡ
ҸһȥȻĽ骾Ľݽ㡣
ӦˣʱѾúȥ׼·ˣҪױ磬£ɨһ˵Ҳá
ã̫ЩŴȥܣȻϲ٣üۼҲЦ⣬ҪҪٻѣ˵Ľݽϲ°ס
߿˿ϵϣԥЩˡ
תСԺ
˺ܿ㵽վĽݰһۻΪı⣬Ը޵ԽȥˣžͿĽߣɫ˲ˡ
Ľ骵Ǻ˷ܣ֮ǰĳҲ嵭࣬˵֪ǻ᲻ң磬˵Ľ飬ͲҪ˰ɣ
Ľݰøۣ뵽нڳҲʲôֵľٶ뿪ܲټ滹һ
Ǿ̣Ľ骣òҪ鷳һݻĽݰȥ徻ˡ
۲ĲȻصԽĻڵĻ᣿
䴽Ľ骵һɫɵȸĽݽ˵ͷţ˳ڸ䣬żġ
Ҳã̫Զ߱Ťѵ
Ӧ£뿪ĽŲȴԽ죬³ˣվձ߶ţѰᡣ
סĵطվԶһۼΪ۵ĳݣ߹ȥ
չһС뿪ֵĴֺǲ˲Ծѵ£̫ԶˣҪȥĶ
ҪȥһСףܿͻ۵״Ц˵ǰͷᵢ̫õġ
ܾЩʲôڰпһ㣬üһۣ¶ֵǣǰͷĽ
ƲƲ졣
·찡ǰʲôط
һ俴С׾ͰŮ˺Ūסˡ
¿ɺã
ҪƤӵĻᣬ
˳ɻ

лҪ˵ˣûҩ

082

Ϊ˲Ŀ, ֻ˵ڸ䣬ǰһӦû, ֻͼŮš
ʵҲԶ, ܵסվֻ˰, ټһС
ڼžС, ͻȻǰǰܴӵլб, ܿ˽Ѳ׷١
һ٣Ȼֲǵʱ˶, ˹˵ʱ£ȥӪ, ֪йľ
ļӿ˽Ų
۽ڽ, СĽ䱸ܣеĲһۣ̲סڵ, ǿЩȥ, 
ȥǻԽȥɡʮӰͻȻͷָ׳, ¶һ˫̰ľ, ζҲ볢
£һ˽ǰ
̳˹۵һȫûô, ֻܱýֿĽͲԿ˱ʮֳ
״˵ߣţ
߲ˣͷϷһЦԥĳɱ˸ֺֿݣֱȡһֱΧס˽סȥ·
˦ö룬ȴȫñ˹ȥǱƽ
û뵽Щ˾Ѳ׼˵Ĵһۿ£һ赲ΧϮĽ⣬һѵźţԮ
۸ڳһŶҵӰϢĳǰһ½󣬲ڻĶ/ҩͰӪƵźŹ߱˵ϣ˲ü赲˭书֮ǰЩһһʽźԥɱ⣬ɴ䣬ûһ˿ˮ
ڶΧѲƴֿϵ˿ԽԽ࣬Щмܲס
ȥܣһ˵ĺѪŽڵϣ쳣ɲ
Ȼͷ˶ţ˵ǽ۶δܳóȥŮŽƵ˽Ǹ߸ߵΧǽ޷Խ
ʱ۱Ŷҵһ˱۰ˤֱӳŽϽץסֱۣ÷ȴȸϵֱΡ
̧ȥȴѾϵСڽǰֱɱ
ŶҵһеʽȴȸղŸɱӭϡ
ʮһֳʹó뻯˿٣ӵǿյˣƽҲֻ
һɲգһʣһӵԭ󽫾²ߡ
΢ƣûƷͷϵĶңȴ¶һŴİӣ㶼䣬²ߵĹȴԽɨһƿֳ̧Ľ
²ߣܵͺһ΢٣ὣɱֱȡҪʱ²߾뽪֮ңŮɪɪĵǰ
²ҲбֱƿܣٴƽʱһԷֵӰΧǽϣЦ϶ܵöͦ죡
ʦһϲҲɡ
ûķ˸ۣ£һ˳²ߵԴȴΪ㻻Ӿϲٳ˶⣡
ʦ㡣ὣϣȴյ˻ȥСϱȥ¡
ҲǣѽڿնתȥŮţСֹסķףжʱЩżû£ߣذڻ
ûˡܵӵУҲĻһ·һֶصİĵЧ侲
ǱĴӵսŴӣĵļս֡
ǱʮӰΧţݵѾ˼ʬ壬Ѵ˲ˣ򴽣żӵһѽС
ң¡
ɱУʱѹûųԮźš
ʱһ𣬵ڽǰŮһķɣһŮƿ˽ıס˺˵
ĵĺˣ˵ͷŮ˺ŽӳһƣܼæԮӲĿסһƣ̧նֱۡ
ûнƷȴǳֽǶȷǳŹ֣ѹһƴʹԥӭȥҪʹ죬һȴͻȻ
𣬺תߣһ޼Ҳ˲ͣսŲͬķӴܡ
ץڣܵͺȵ΢΢ף׷ȥ
ܣû°ɣĿһƣЩæץסֱۣתƳˮѾһֺ¡
û¡ҡҡͷֽڻǿѹƵȴң·θڳž޴ĳ
һֽڻУסߣһֻȴƲȥѪ
дЩί㲻ƭҡ
ƭ㡭
ЦЦҪ˵Щʲôҵٴα޷ѹȥֱһѪɫ˲Ұףҡҡλεȥ
ܣһֱմȾѪɫ·ͻȻ
İѾ˹һ߾ʬ壬ŨصѪζ߸󣬿ȴĿĵĲҾǰһڣԽҴҵĳȥ
߼ûˣĵ˿ĿתڵϵӰʱͫ΢˫ȶЩ
Ȼִ³佫ԸԼ÷򣬵ˣԺô죿Ҫ̱һϴ档
šĵ԰Сķ˹ڵ˫ͨĽһԵİԸ죬ȥ̫ҽ
˸ϵκ֪һ٣ָʹˣ
κ֪ĵ΢û뵽ܵ书Ȼ˵ֵزƳһΧ˵ʬ壬ü˵ǰָʹסȰȥ˵ɡ
ʣûлڣǵʲôˡκ֪һ˴ɨս֣ԼְܷҪæȴһ˵߰ɡ
¸ַδɣܶɸӰסһ𣬱˴˼䶼Ϥûʲôˡ
ʱ˶ȥ˱˾ֵԺûӰտȴС׽겻Ľ߼ƿţ̺˴齡
˶־ʣ˵ҲŽӰķ䡣Ѿã¶Ƭѩ׵ļһһĽ۱鲼ϣұϸɼǣѪȾһƬ
šƬɾ̰򵥵İɫҰףȴִֵƿ֣ü㻹˼ЩܱסͲˡ
ȾѪǿʹ˵Ҵ˽ҩҵó
ЩΣеĶȴû飬˿ڴЩҩ򵥵İȰת˵Ъţ̫ҽһ͵
ĵͷͣſڣҾͷʲô½ҡ
ʱѾ̫ҽϵˣܵĴԱߣ򵥵İϵѪۣʵ̫ҽôˣ
̫ҽ˶٣Сķܵҡҡͷ̫ã˺أ˼θ־ƺҲˡ
򴽣ָ߬Щף̫ҽȾ
û취̫ҽ̾˿˵ˣֻ뱣֤ͨٿһЩ²ķӣȥȣеĹ⣬ǻЧ
̫ҽһ٣ģ˵룬һһҪκ
̫ҽЦһ̯ҩ䣬ʱƳ޺˫ۣԥȳȥɣΪ롣
µģ˵ҵȻûرܡ
̫ҽŵһ£Լ΢΢ţε
֮ǰãĻ˵ЩȱסܵҪģæߴٵؼɻ䣬Щ룬Ҫκá
̫ҽֻӲͷƤˡ
һүһƤӵ룬ʱʱҭ̫ҽٱҴСĵزСġ
Ҫһʧû
Ƿӡ̫ҽͷϵ麹ŵ΢ţͿͷİɡ
ʱ洫˳ضҵĽŲ̫Žе˿
û˾ͺã俴࿤£ڵ飬ⲻȫλٻعĳѾˡ
һ٣ʶĿȴҡҡͷҲȥҪ
̾һת䣬ԹʣָʹˣҸ̻ع


083

ǽյ̫, ׾͸ź򣬾д󳼶, ʥȴֻ޹
û취, ˭öԷǴΨһĹأ
ټһкĶ, ˵, ˶һܸı⡣
ȥֻܰѴĽȫ, Լһϻ˻ʹ
˼ٸȫլԺͷǿ׳, ݱ뺷ŵøİնҳš
ӰʱҲһ, ƺŰ˽ȥ, ΪԺǻЩ˭֪Ҳö˶ˣķſ, ϴδȥѪ˿, ݳࡣ
˾ȥҩ˻û, ɥʲôӰû
øһ, ԹԵİΪиõİ취׮£ڿɺãͻȻܳһ, ܵĹϵվͻᱻ֪
ʱ򡭡ݲܱܲסȲ̸С¶ѱ
ǹܵʱΣգ˭ȻǹܣҲӲһ׵
㲻̾תͷҪݣæˣͷϢأȥס
ӰԼķ䣬ɫӣתҪܵķ䣬ߵſȴֱˣͷչأȥʲô

Ӱ룬תͷߣ̾һ
˾ȱôĵ˵ȻҾȥ㵱ȵģЩ书ûǣṦǲ
Ӱһ£ű㰲οʲôϵˣû¶ȵˣеŭеطˣ¶
֪˶군
˸£ڵϵӰԵÿСӰļ򣺡ֻҪܻһϾ͹˲ϴ㡣
ʱһӰˤǰսĲϣӰ̲סһ
ֶλòˡ
ȴǻȻŵϰĳ²ߣЦܰͼܰ

պݺݵسһڣòּӴ˼
ۣСʵǡʦ
֮ǰܽһʦҲ֪Ǽ١
ǣأûüͷʵ
ָָܵķ䣬Сѵˣ࿤ͷ
ˣպǲмһ뻹ûô˵ĵӣС鶼˵̧Űѳ²߸ˣסˣ
ܰ޲մˮһһϵѪѾɸɾûз£ЩʲôΪ
ЩͷۣȴۣǰĶźˣȴ˲֣˸ħƵģôȰ
ҲΣûһֱŽҲѡ͵͵˶
˵ʲôˣ֪Ȼ뿪벽
Ϣ˽ϵܣüͷԽԽǰСŮޣã
̧ԭƯˮֺףδɵۣòۡ
̾˿ҲѹСϲƴȢؼң˶Сﲻɾ
֮ǰҲһۣ֪ܵʦẦСĵ֣˵һԣ˵һҪ
̽̽ɫÿܵһƹ񣬾˶٣ټ޵ֵӹǱ˺ãŸŲס
ˡ˵˹ˣԶԶϵĹľһתջס
临ӣҲײҲֻ֣ܵеֻҪסӦݡ
һУҲЩˣͲ˴򽻵һۻڵǵĽѵʲôĹҸץסˣ棬Сʱˣ̫ġ
лˡȹھҪԶԶܿ˵һˣպǳ񲻳١
仰һֱĬĽ߶ʱö˶˵ľ˾;ˣôͻȻתȥˣ
˻ûȻأףȥɣ
ЩޣȴҲóȻ˵Щʲôýˣ壬ʲôʱѣ
˭壿бһۣٸϵֲͽδϱ
߳˳ǣȴѾ뿪˷䣬ϻͼ֣˵ˣԸȻڲͬƽϡ
Ҹʲôüƽϵģһϵܣոɻȴֽθʿ϶֪ˣƢ
ߵ˵Ҳ԰Ҳ۰Ҳеʵ۵ͨһЩڵĶǿҲݷ׳ƺӡ
ôã˽¶֪һ˶Բ˶ߡ
ȥҴ˵飿˵뵽Ψһİ취
ҡҡͷˣܷˣ˵һֲ⡭ŲҵĴ
ֻҲ˵μˣ˼붼ûиõķӣҲֻ̹һ·ˡ
Ǿ͡ɡ
Ͳµջᰴ಻סܹΪڶŻᵽû뵽͵ˡ
洫ʱ򣬽ڸιҩԵҪϽӹҩ룬ȴܾ˿ݡԽսʱһĻ۵ס
ˡ
㵹ڻʹ۰Ͱ͵ĵȥȴιҩպݺݵص˽һۣ㣬㶼֪ţ
Ѽ׵ҩ£ͨһڵϣһ񣬶˵븸ΪΪ׷Ļ֣λΣϼӳΡ
û飬Ҳûнֻͣǿκ֡
㶣ЩѹԭķŭգЩͷί˰
⹫Ƿġ
֪ɫ߽Ҫȴδֱһ˵븸Ϊͻ顣
϶ʱһһףְȫ˳ȥֱӰӵ
û뵽ܣܴӾ꣬õҲĲˣοʱͻС֪ʲôŮ˽飿
һͰһﻮȥˣͬǰôܿܣ
ǰʱ򣬽ƫԴʦؾҲûжһûһܹôͻȻͿˣ
췢ɱĵص㣬ɫʱˣŲܣŮһֱܰ
ϸܻؾ󣬽ڹﳤסҵסڿ֮󣬸Ǻȥһۣǰȥĵ·ͻȻ乬ϸס
ϻӦôܱ¶
ĿһԴȵĽߣԴʹ˶֪ˣֻһ˱ڹ
ðʣһˣ
պʵʲôʱ£
źҲû̫ӣԴû˵ʵСϻع硣
ָһ㣬ɫʱ˲ɫⶼȥˣ
ȵȣպƳһ۽ߣ۾˵ʮʱ޾ȴһֱ˵ٵȵȡ
ǰһ㡭ˣ
ĿⷢƮ

ûУ                        
лҪ˵ûûУ
գǺ
ʣǺ
ߣǺ
ôίվǴˣ
ܣоûϣ
գôˣ

084

Ĭ, ƮΪ˵Ľջʲô׵ġ
ٿбɸֵζ, ô˵һλ߹Ĺ, ܵſĸ, ƫƫͱһ֪ĶðҰСӹȥ˻
ͷ, ָϰʵ㵹Ǹ˵˵, һֵϲ
Ȼ֪ΪһƲˣɽȴʵײеһɼ޲ھͰСӴӲ, ӽ˾ȥ
ҪûҪƷûƷ, СڰӪ, 鶼ûָôһ, , ôͻ飿
ƫ˵ôԽԽС, ǿյɫӲÿ֮
ʶҪ̻, ȴֺЧȴʵ䷴
ɵĵͷԴѵ
ʱȴ˽ߣŭ㣬϶, ʲôʱ֪ģ
ߺٱйǰ߰ߵĽУҲû׽٣һ϶һһ˵ĸо
׽ûãԽˣָı磬ô˹ߣ
ʣҲҪ׵֮ͣǰҲ˵ҪһϲģͷС˵ⲻһǺǻҪȿ
˵֮ǰҲǰٰ㲻Ըý޸ܣһ³佫֪ˣɾһ⣬ȴûô࿹ˡ
ʶֿԽ̣ûҲԶֻҪ԰ģʸȨƣҲܲ
۳Ž߲ͳһսߣܺãһģ
ЪͷȻҲ´ŭȰʣ˭պҪһӵģȻҪȽѡ
޲˵죡յĵһۣݺݵؿãҪ˵һ޾Ͱϳȥι
ʡ
ЩΣҪ˵Щʲôϵܶ˶ָǰһҲ˲ýڳܣоôûкһЩ
Цһˡ
ܻ˫ۣϴЩ㱣ǰСʱû¡
պû£޵㡣
쳣Ϥټܻʲô׵ģ̴ʵʵĹ˵ϣûܰס
һ°ͣƳһۣ˼ơ
ΪǴͻ飬˵仰ʱЩޣʱ߰һӣʹĶˣ˵˵˵
ʡĪЩգܵʣҪ˵һ
ͷϣŵϵܿʼ׷ʵָʹùϲʲô
Ҳ벻ףվһԿ֣ĹĵĶȹҲ
ܳٳٲ˵յԽˣǲ˵ùһţʲôʱˣʲôʱ
Ķҵ飬룬ԴԥĿһ۽ɵΪ΢úá
ʱš
ոսӹ߷ϵĲ裬յЩ˲ˣ߸һӣеĻ˺ֶ˵
˭ţ
˵ϻӣǽջǽ棬һĺƤң˵дҲǼɫĳ࣬ҵļӣĸÿ
˰û˵˽ʵҲã
˵ͦÿģǰҲôø˵ֱˣ
ߵСͨ죬͵͵һۣȴֻܺӦ£ֻһ桭
㵫վӣҲڿյɫÿĲÿԪ˵ǲŸ߰˶ҲΪҲ֪񣬻ôãôǿ
۰Ͱ͵С˵ֲֹֻĸһˣʲҲֻϲ
ߣ˵ֻһֻһŪޡԽԽͷۣ˾ҪţӪȺǰûʵʵսվסţǾװװŮ޸ô붼ˡ
ܹȥģѹҲĬȻҲȷʵһ˵һЩҲΪ
ڿɺˣ꽫ˣ⹷ΨһĹ
ǰϲҲͰˣһڶӪ֣ƫƫҲϲ
ƽͷһ֪ʲôԷ١
ҲӦղŵĻֱ̫ףߵ˵΢ĽϿ
ΰɣ
һ۶ٿ˵޻ع
˶٣ƳһۣҧгݵߣС״ϣָʹúˣ
ҲʲֱӴͻ飬ԸȥŮȥ繦ѫĻʵۣȻ״ӦŻ£ûһ֮´ܣǾǻתء
ֻǾһΣҪٳˡ
۰Ͱ͵ĿգС˵ȥ
Уɫڣжͷ޻ȥ
һ˵Ƕ˵仰ͼ仰˵˶͹ԹԸȥܲ仰׼˵ɣ
յȻǲ˵ģ͵͵ܣˣʱָ
˵ɣ޾šɨһܣĿдŨŨв
Уиģ죬ƴʹɫίܺô˶һ˵˵ôˣҲϣһС˰ɣ
ɫڣֹȥһ仰ˡ
ʱĶ飿
ߣ
һ˦ȥбһ۵ϵܣʵ
ȥɡߴ뿪СİܷСֵҪʲôֱװأø㣬ҶȲˡ
ܷס֣Ŀίˡ
㹻ǿôмΪѣһҪŻϵѹһ߻ҪΪıȫ
ܸмԸΪֵزȴۺ
һֱΪԺܺõĻǵΪֹΪ֪ΪЩʲô
ʱԼãΪʲôܹΪʲôƫƫֻΪǵõǰ
ΪʲôԸ޸Եʱԥˣˣ֪ʲôȥ֤ݸ顣
ãֵϲֺƾյĴûһ˿һİȫС
˵֪Щȫ޷谭ϲҪþһзõռΪԶεһ롣
֧ߵڵģһֱǱǷ⣬볾ݽϣԶûб
εºܣһˣƼ¡
Ҳί˵ֻҪ㣬ܣҶԸġ


085

պͽ߲鲻Ը߳˷䡣
һ˲, ԺӵźĹȫ˹С鲽Ϲ, ȴûںͷֽӰ, ʱһ㶡
ỹͷɣ
֮ǰԸع, һҪȵ, ڰѻˣСڲҲô˵İɣ
ϿʲôƢ, ȻԹ磬Ҳ಻ܴۡ
ţһ, Ժ˲žԵͷ, , Ҵһڡ
ʱԼ춯պͽʶ䣬ɾ͵, ϧͷ̫С, 
ŵſڵλ, һЩ
ʱֽҲ˹, һۣƽͷһδ˹ʶװµ̧ͷ졣
еĽȻ֪Щ
һֻɫĺɰСĹ䡣
뿴ϸ, ȴ˻ȥߺߵڲ׼
ǰҲûЩŮӴΪɰ£ı⣬еĶҲȱˡ
ǳЩ죬źɰЩƮյǸԺͳͳûˡ
ʱЦ̵쳣࣬Ҳû뵽ƽġһһĺãȴȫһģ
ĪЩίŮҲ̫ˡ
ܵ͵͵ЦָüۺգСģΪЩһϲô
Ȼ֪δ߹
ôáõԸһͻȥ֡
ݺݵȴ¼ŭˣҲֻŽӵڻ
ܻҪãȥġ
طĻһסϢϵ¶ޱȰġ
ΪʲôҲ˵á
ҲΪϰߣҲΪֻҪڣʲô¡
ΪټˣܵĳȴһһεľϲϲЦΪûʧʱӡҲǹͲᰮࡣ
ǻӲԸһıЩɬҪԹʣµģ
취ģҪʲôȥŬ
һò׻ĻҺΪѺۡ
õһС
˵ʲôɵ죬С˵ʻӦģֻĨӣǲӦ͵͵ᵽȥסҲظʲôָʹˣĸ˺ôһʼױġ
͵ˣһѾͷһûˮԼˡ
һ˽ϣһעǰȥءһײţպĥʲôأع
ȥסˣֱӾ˽/
һԹվȣһûһµƨ/ɣǰʮûܹĴȫˡ
֪ЦֵĻᣬ͵͵ȥһڣС˵ɰǹ͵ģǽ͵ģɲҪŪˡ
ɿһûüǰһ㽫ԼԥĴ꣬ͳдһ˿ƣǻ񡣡
úݺݵİһۣҪջģ
˽ŲûͣüĳЦЦһعȥˣúˡ
ߵһĽȻͣ£ص˼߳бһۣߵҲʲôʱĹޡ
⻰˵úǰȥĵȥˡСȴһ۵˻˰컹ûסҧźŭĸļױɲҰ/˵ģ
͵ʱɴ۾һգգĶǿߡ
ɫ˺ڣѸ˦϶˵ģֻǾһ£ǹŴܵ棬Ȼ
ǸǴӦͻˣգգ۾
ʲôʱ˵ˣյ
Ƕļױ

պԥİһ˫Ůн
ⳡɱΣԷԽţԽʹϾҪ뾩ټϽߵʱվţаӪ˾ڸڣԽû֡
Ľڴܴôöû⣬֤ܺԽĺϵûлԽʹţȴҲòɱӱ
ԷĿƻڴ޷ĿģȻתƵԽʹš
²ߡ˻ն˶٣üͷ
µû취ٺȥˡ
ҹɫڣĵͻȻһӰһ㻹߽
εҡҡͷ߹ȥ˵ֱ⣬΢Ҳûа취
⣬޵ŮͲˣбһֹۣסĴ˼ŭ⣬ޣ㵹Ǻôĵӣ
ʴʱ͸Žգ͸Ƣԣ˹Ҳֱͣӽˡ
Сӻܴ
о仰֪˵˵°ͣЩ飬Ҫ޵ģٺõļͳôܸȣҲ̫ˡ
նʱˣ˵޾ôһŮ֮ϧŲµģ޵Ĳã֮޻ʲôȥ
޵ĺòãǹԼ˵㣬̾һ·̫ӵܸͬܣôڹأ
ʮδ䣬ҪΪһŵԱӭȢ̣ȰҪɻ飬ҪģҲҪų档
ڵ˹ûͣӵ˼ʮ˳ۣΨһһƵϵȴǳڸҲԸ׽ҡ
㶣Ӧ󣬺ݺݵصһۣˣ޾ժԴ
Сҿųģ¸û֮ǰϻۣ˭Ը׽ɺ¼ȫˣͷǼܱۣҲԾ˿ͷҴ˰ӪôԸ⿪˵
ʵᣬдϧΣ츳ܺãǵʱ¸û£ͳˣֻǰӪҲ֪ӷԽƧ츳Ҳû˸۸Ϊ˳Ӿһսȴ¡
һ٣ٺҲ֪òˣҪǰư˳ǻһС
Ӫʲôõط߳ˣҪôҪôĺҪô¼ļءҲǽ˼ɵĵط
¸ɰҲ䵽ӪҲܵӰ죬ղǲϣֻǲԸϽһ
ΪжమҲֻһʵأ
ܱ΢ȥʱ벻ȥӪܾˣ˵Ķ飬Ƴһ۽Խɶɫ˵Ǻ΢˵ȥӪΪʲô
ζĿͻȻһֲ̫õԤСǰ
˵ҪսȢĪмʹ죬ЩƮˣҲû뵽ɣͱˡ
աǰɡһеʡ
ĵһƬžǳĺš
ʵǲûжٵģյѶҡˣֻһţѾزԶġ
ֻҪ£պжԹôڣҲɵֹĸܡ
֮ǰҲܵ뷨֮Աǣĥ˼ȥû뵽˹ʺˣõ˹
ʵȻּɣܰͰһѣô˵ҲԼӡ
Ϊţһٳˣû뵽ȴĬá
λ֮ʱǻΪۣһû˭͹ͷˣ˵оһ˿ί
Ƕƭ޵Ĺֻˡ                        
лҪ˵Ѿβ׶ˣ٣ȡнɫһԲĽ֣в٣ʱ뿴ʲô˵~
ллСɰ֧ѽϹ!

086

պ֮ϧһŮ, ϶߲ǵѪ
ֻһ̫, һ
̫ӽΪ֮, һһжԿ, ٶԽձ¶, һˣն, ֮ĸ֮Ȳ֡
ʺȥ֮󣬽ղûˣСŮᵽ˸ǰԸ, ȻҪŨЩ
˵ʵӵɽҪ˵ò, ܹó, պܹ¶ڻʺȥͷһ־, ¶ô, ŽЩ
᳤֪ģû뵽Ȼô, մ૵, ֣Ȱ޳ȥˣ޿ɾ˹¼ҹˡ
̾˿ĪЩ, ôȷʵ̫Щ
ǻ΢ôʵ˵˵ˣȹպ˺ӣɾﱧˡ
Դ˲ʧһɶֱۣ鰸ϣ޹
ͻôСǻ˶ҪǸ֣޻
û㿪ȵĽסۣһ˳ԶЧ㲻
һ˱ۣЩͷȫһߣ۵ʱѾָ侲
Խ£ôüʵ
򴽣˵ԽûжҲУĽݰҲҵ
Ľ骳ٳٲߣĵԽʹֵ÷з˾֪˶ΪǰҪޣ˭뵽ԽҲһ
ܺԽȷҪ֮ǰûΪߵ⣬˭̵֪ʱڣȻѾ˶Խ
ĽԸҵֵĻᣬֻתĿꡣ
ĮɳµʹţѾˣ˵պôʱߣһ
һɫʱҪ׷Ҫɵ֣Ȼܹ鵽Ҳᱻȫûиϵ
ôܻôɣ
ʼ²߱տڲԣҲܲǺߵΣбӦҲܲµ֣֪ϴΣ
üģ۵¶һĨ֪ʲôϢֳ⣬ôһˣ޵Ļλɣ
ûпҰģֻǳһֱѳУûһ˿ɹĿԣӶʮǰվ֪ܵܲǿȥ򵥡
ʿύ󳼡ӽʼһ׮׮һȫǰֻû漰ĵ֮ǰվԸֵǽ
ɣ޸̸̸Щƣ˵
ʴӦ£ֻɴŵǡ
鷢չڣѾǼ仰ܽġ
.
ڶһ磬㱻˹
Ϊϵ׵ܵܣӳ󣬻Ĵȴࡣ
ʹһһľδһ統ǰ㣬ȴִĨȥĲɣͺظУĵש·ϣüлһĨЦ⡣
Ѿܹµʲô£ȴȫȻںԹԵţ·ʥԼҵͥԺй䡣
ǰڸȥһƬ죬ҲɭϵĻʹġ
ȵ߽˵УյѾ˼ֲͣͿͷͣͣȴûȥߴ٣վһ
ûһ˿飬ֻ䵭εӶ
һѾ޷ˣ𣿡ʵ
üͷ΢˼Ĵ˵ʲô
Լʲô£Ҫһһ𣿽㲻СӣյɫԽ䵭˲£Ҳ񵱳ԭ㡣
ЦһϵЦݴƦ˵Щ֤𣿺αûʣǼ£ԭ¹𣿡
޴δɨһۣĮУĮսǧˡ
ĮʹյĮУε̸Ѿȫʧȥ˼ֵڽʣһľ衣ţȥ
һҲ˵ĺҲȫһĮսǱս
ֻǴڲɾݵһֵ׵ܵܣȴݲһҰĲеĿ
ЦЦӦĮһȺʲôļһӦҲֻ˳۰ˣǵܵĹѵֻݵǣ
յЩ䣬Ŀɨӣüͷϡ
ȴֻܿϵơ
֣ͻȻЦ˳˵ˣ֮ϧ㲻ϲӡ
ˣɫȻ࣬ȭͷ˵ڶû̫㣬ܴպûگٳˡ
ԭ֮ǰе˳ȫװģĽĿ
Įʿжδģ
ΪֻԹѾȥôãҲƽϢˣû뵽вֹԹкޣȻҪٵܸ
ûзϵϵľλǴż֮ģ˶٣٬ЦţɼȻλȨʲôռˣϣǲҲң
תæȥͷ˵£ɡ
սͣ˹Ŀ˽һۣת뿪
Įˡ
üģԴʹȥĲĮľ衣һжصأƫƫȥĮ
ĮֵܣȻǱ˴֮׽һѪԵϵǾװݣֻΪĮ档
ľ衣մδȥٴηս𼸺Ǳ޿ɱܵ飬ؼôսʲôս
ĮеϢδɢǰֱǱ˾˸ʾȦ˺£ѴɱȿȥָĮһηɱ
ĮʹȻ׽׮ȴںĮұ֣Ҳ̫ӵУ̶̲һѮʱգ˾Ѿϡ
꽫ӪҲӭ˴ѪѾɢ뱱˾߸ֱԱΪףҡΪĩ
һ׼ϣֻ
Ϊ˾ָʹ˵һҪģȴԥˡ
һСӲ¶ô죿
˼֮£ջǵӰִӰӪЩ֣Ȼʥּû·ܾĵ
Ȼܹûֹһ뿴
ҲСӵ˵Щʲô
ǡ
ûаôƭ
ܸսĵ㡰ͨһȥڣձЦ㻹ܵ޸ǰ˫ȹˣҲѹ޸㡣
͹ʲôУ
һǶûУ
ԽԽ˳ۣ͵͵һѪͷ
ս̤ƽĮ߰Ҵܹܳ˵
ʶĳСӾȻȢˣ
˶ȢܲȢ𣿣
δüŭձعСӸո˵ʲôţ̤ƽĮ߰ĮܹŶ
ĵǹҰ
ۣЦĮɲġ
ľ衣ĮΪ塣ܵʮֳȣͶš
ﷴԽʹˡ
úõصϹʲô
ò㣬ĶĶȥޡ˵žҪˣȴһż˵ֻԸܹӦΪͻ顣
ɲսܻģˡ˵
ܳĬ˶٣ʵҪʲô
̤ƽĮ߰ﵹҲأ޻ûôбȷҪȥ죬ĵֻҪúãͻµҲֻǾһȥô
̧ɫϣ۵ȴûһ˿ԥ̹Ȼӭߣʾ
СӶô
ֹһ룬˵ǲӦ
ǰ˵׼΢
ɫ˲ˡ
Դþˣ˳Ĺ
Ҫȥô

ð޾һ棬ЦҪˣǻز̸ļˣǽһˣҲһԸ޸㡣
̧ȴЦ˲żüãſ˵ĸøÿģ˹ۣȻҪ˳⡣
ôǳˡ˵
նЦˣ޿ͦǳģҲ֪Ķƫ˵ԼúãҲ֪ԼʲôС
򴽡
ϵĺ⳼֪һУֻһиõģ֤ԼŻµõϿɺףǵЭ
ĻҲһЩ                        

087

Įеֵ÷з, ȻҲ
ڽٱ˾֮΢, һ˿ǡ
ܺĮҪս, ܿǱ˾ָʹ, ʮа/ŻᱻʵΪ˧ʱ, սҲۣյĮ, Щǵġ
Ѿɿڵļ󣬹ŵȹһ̹󣬾ͻΪǴͻ顣
ôһյս
, ѵ°Ū黭ŨŨīͥԺ, ·ܹ˵ҲŰ
һһĹ, ĵطϱǳǳЦ
ʱС̫ҴҵĴͷ˽ͷ, Թָʹ, ˵һ档
һ٣̷еĻ, ԹôҲˣ
һֱעͷĶ, ʣ˵һָʹʥڲŴĵ߳ǻʲôķԸ
ô˵ѽ, ʿ϶۸ˡСԹһ䣬ӿ첽ӭȥʱôܹƳǵСģֽոյĻ˶ʱЩЦá
ǶɵСﰡˡ
ԹôˣգգۣСǹ
ɲϵɤӣ˵˵ˣֻһʱ䣬ūš
ţϻ˳һ䡣
䴽Ц⣬Թ裬ЩִĵģҼǵԹƫЩ
⡭ū֮ܳԴŽյķԸҵ飬æкеС̫㣬ͥԺ
ǰԱ˴˵㣬ĹĵĿ¶һĨЦεҡҡͷʾԼﲻæ
ܽס˵˵ɡ
֪ǽյĵߣܰŽѾˡ
ڻϵƤӵ£Ȼٶ뷨Ҳֻѹţܸ˵仰һ棬˵Ѿˡ
ЩôźĹ˻ˣܴ˷УСʵǲˣ
ûСЦӦԴɬĿϣһһ㣬ϸϸĴ
ǿٱ飬ٿʱɻþ޺ʡ
֪ٻʱҪٸҹҹܷ
ţЩסķȣͷС˵ôֵֹġ
һ٣̧ͷʵǲǸȥĮУȥ
ץסֱۣȫ˻ߴ¶ȣǼĵԽͳԼҪȥġ
Ҫƿȴ֣ԽñԽ޲ðѪУΪһ֡
˵ܱ۾˵ĮҰĺܴ󣬸ǣĹ㣬ֻаǴˣˣǲŲַܱ߾
˶꣬տ಻ԣҲʱи˽ˣʵѡ
ͣĻС˵һҪ㣬ӰǣӪôˣһʵġ
Խ˵ԽСʧһ仰Ҳ˵ˡ
֪˵ʲôźá
飬Ӧֹȴȥ
ЩѹֱȫĻƵ˵
ǹͺˣȥΣյĵطҲܸԡ
Ҳ࣬Ѿ˼ָʻġ
ıͷķ˿̫õģһȢ㣬òã
ĻԴִֵľҪס
ã㣬ܴ̣۵׸ֳǳǳЦ⣬˵ͬˣ
һͷȥˣѾɿڵļˣƫƫҪսսʲôõģһ˯ȣﶼĹס
ȴ˵ܾĻ֪һжΪΪ˼ٸĵ׵ĲԸʵЩںģ֪ʶҲԸš
ֻҪģϲ
ܼû˵ǵЦԽԽס߸ߵľýһץֱۣģβסļϲãӦˣ
֪⣬õӦʱȴȫȻһ
ϵЦݴżɵȴĶԭżֲҵҲ˲ڵϣüĴȥֱ۹Ĳϣż°ϡ
ǰҾҪ޸㣬Ц˵Ҫ޸ܣ˭ֹҲС
ܵͷסĺ촽ְԵռͣĻӦţ뵽Ҫս㷢˺ݣҧסĴꡣ
ѪζڿǻЩȥƿȴһǣֱ˵Ĵ궼ȾһѪɫ
Ĺĵĵһۣͨ췢ȵСȴһ˿ΣСʵ𣿡
ۣЦЦϵѪЦݴЩƦյĶϵ૵Һ޲ҧһڡ
㣡Сʱ͸ƵģСƿš
סգǽڷָĴĦһȥߵѪɫӦңҪϲϱˡ
ĪЩߣЩ¶ѾˣǾЩΪ飬ͷС˵ҪЩҪԼ
ʱϸͷ˽ָʹʱ䵽ˡ
еĶһ٣ĿԽϸ޳ָһ㸧üۣ૵һҡ
ɵĵͷӦ£ɿ֡
ѾڵˣȻȾѪЩ㱣ָʹˣ
ûüʲôС糺Ľ˳ƳϵĵѪɫӻˡ
ˣ
˰ء
·ϣʱʱ߶ۣǿСӡôôأ
ҪûϿˡ˸£æԺȰָʹɡ
ܿһۣû
ʱˣ˸вǻƼˣɲðƤ
ûŶˣСӡҲûƣٶ˼
Ӧ޸ˣ
֤ݡ
ջƼˣ鰸ϵֽ˹޲õʶ
޹
ûе΢Ҫʥּ
дõʥּ˹뻹ޣ鰸ϵһһҹȥ
ˣ
ܻȥıӰһҪݺĥһ١
ô˵бһۣûȵشˣ׳Ǹˣ˵ʲô
ûϢ
һҲ
͸úúõĥ
ЩΪѣ֮ܲܰǰȫ˵˵»۸˵ϻһΡ
ԼЩ˵úܱա
ջըˣǹΨһĹôһţ
ֹ׵óѣȻôϧ
뷨ӺúСӡ
أյ̫á
һСʲô£֪Ҫ޳ʲôӡ
ĸоʵڽġ
Сѵˣؽͷ壬ǰ
ȥһ̣İţȴ˵ҪǸҳʲô£ժԴ
ǹ۹ģװʲôû
ղŻ޲ŪأھȥˡˣָҪôЦء
գ˾ӭսĮݱƵ
ѵ۴ͣ佫ΪｫڽὫ
һ󣬹ޣѵڳҰʿٻ֮ͣǡ
лҪ˵ˡ
գңߣ

088

һ괺Ǻ
ȥĮش, ʥĴãƴ, ܶϲ, Ǿǡ
, ѡ, ģ׵ʿӵܣ, ټϲ֪ٽϿѧӣͷľǱ궼ʤһ
ǵ۷˼ŰյӶù˲١
Ҫ˵ΪĶ, ˻ʳǽ£ԶڶǵԺ, ԹΪ, ࿤򣬻ԪšҶӡ
ԺѾ̳ѧӣѧ, ʶֶ֮, ѧ֡дǳҽ֮ڵķӴӸտʼļ֮, ½ľˡʿ, ԻʹŮ١
ѧӳƶҲǺܸߣ̳Ҳ㲻㣬ǶԼķʽ, һžǣԺѾһϵƽǰתš
Щʲѧӱصڴȡ˲ĳɼ־Ĳμӵԡ
Щûзϡ
ĵĮǽݱƵȴûκδؾϢ
ʵҪʲô
ôˣīε̾˿ߵߵǰ鰸ղ˵Ļô
Żعɵҡҡͷ粻˵һ飿
㰡㣬īҡҡͷԵĳɼˣǰԺռĸõһλжףѾк̫ˣԺѧһᱩΣ
ʱȱȱԺĹģ̫󣬾ѡѰհɣ˶߽ݾԺ˽ʲô֮㿴Űͺãġ
īбһۣ㵹ǻɣԺĸѧҪл
ˣ磬Ҫʱһ䱸ϻظʾ£˵İ۳رΣҪҼһۣĶˣûжÿ
ŶīµʵǱǵ´󽫾أ
ȻȻҲǱȲϵġС¶һĨԴɬǳЦգգ۲˵ˡ
ܸôڣҲ˱ܸˡ
ǰã´󽫾ͶұأīϴЦһ˫Ưһ΢΢ţͬѰӣһַεζ
ҲѹĶ类Ů׷ûйҲ۰Ͱ͵Ķҡ
գգۣͷ˵û취ʱ磬ܣǱǲһˣöܺÿҲŲۡ
īʹϵЦ⽥ĵ²ǶϷɶô
û뵽ѡܣһ佫
̸϶ô벻ȴҲЩźңԶĨһݣ˿ҵĹжôҫۣȴδйһ˿ҡ
˭޷ı顣
°ͳ鰸ϣ˵ʵҲ㲻ϴ£ôҲֻ˵ˣ磬Ҳ֪˵ĻôģǷҪǧǧһ벻ˡ
īЦЦ׾ͺãϣ˭Ӧ㣬ϲܣ̫ӲܣĶܡ
ǶأͷƯˮдǸ⣬ֻһԸˣôãȻ͸óˡ
ʮ壬ī꣬Ѱӵ檳ȺϥŮȻһ檶ûһ
ʿ˶磬ҲˣȴʼֻΪ磬δйԽ
ܵĻ»ûѾٸģīҲֻ˵һ䱧Ǹ
ǰԵġ
޹أֻʱδˣīͷЦҪȢŮӱһ޶֮ˣ緱ǣ£ôѰġ
䴽ӦѰġ
īЦЦû˵ʱĺ˽£̫ˡ
ɩɩˣǰ֪뵽ʲôԴֺܿȥдżΣ϶ǸʵķԸ
̫׽Ǻ£ôģīЦһҾȻȥˣԺǱ㲻õġ
ұҲûеʲôǶڲٰ죬ҲҪעӣҪ̫ˡ̣ЦŽͳţӭһϸׯصӰ滹֡
ȥ̫ӽڴ飬ӭȢǱ˾ָʹκİŮκ֪ӯκ֪ϵá
й֮Եϲӣû뵽Լɩɩ
ɩɩЩİӭǿλֺƮ
κ֪ӯκңȴСͷԽǣǻʹеĹزϤԭ浹ǿݣѧҲûʲôȴõǳ˻ʼˣܸ̫Ӷ棬Լ֣ոš
ֺŶ£һع֣κ֪ӯֻǶڣ㱻־ѵһ磬ǰһֱŮԵ䷶˴ܹ
ΪʲôҪԼûԹԣҲ޷˵ʲô
ϻЩ㿴Σκ֪ӯʵ
ʲ֪ĶȤҪڴܸ½˽򸾸̫κ֪ӯÿһʱնЩ۵ĸ
ܾܾ»˾ֱӴ
ɩɩҰɣ˵⻰ʱû棬Ҳ㵱ˣ̾˿ⲻǺö˶˵ĵ˼ô
κ֪ӯΪȻҲţʺò׽һȻҪúɣ㻹ûشأϻЩ˿۵ģ
ңҲңίͰ͵ĵͷ֪ϲˣҿЩʲôǴҲ㱻檣ɩɩɸˣ
κ֪ӯ˿ΪׯŲյ˵ⲻһҪ檣ȻΪţҪĻĻ£ѡһˣƷԶȻаϲġ
ĹĵĿκ֪ӯⶼˣҲۣ֪ùô档
˵ʲôҪȥˡ
κ֪ӯǰգӢüۼ両ֳһ˿Ц⣺ʷѾ˼Ϊ㰲ţǲȥɾͰ׷Һ⣬ҿɶǰģЩ˸ĳһϲ
ƯˮһգգĶǿߡ
㲻ȥҪڵģκ֪ӯüϸָס󣬡߰ɣ˼ҵȼˡ
ҪɩɩɿңҪκϰκ֪ӯö࣬ǶҲûŪҲ޷ѣֻܱǰߣıԹܲڣǶ۸ңҾøʰл
κ֪ӯЩЦãû߼֣˵ˣ
Ҫǳйı˫ۣתȥ˵Ͳ
ҿɾˡκ֪ӯЦе˵
߰ɣߵԽԶԽãҲŲҪءߺߵӦʱȴһϤͳᣬ·Խʱ䣬Ķϣ
ҡ
ʶתȥǳĹ·ϣһݵӰվţüۺЦ
һˣ˵һˡ
ʱСӭƯüۼȾЦ⣬ܼ߼ȵİӽ˻
ҵ˺þãǰ̵ĽëգѽգƯˮз·һˮôŻѽ
ıİ˵û´ˣҷġ
վԶκ֪ӯһƵѡˣϲ
аɣ̣üĴܻǣ֣ˣѡһҪ˵
ͷܣץ֡
ȥĵ
á
ͷʢߺǽ£ӭ΢磬ǣڹ·ϡ
ġ                        
лҪ˵ľߣѾˣ滹еϷݣҪż
˿Ĵˣ
Ѽ

089

ĵ
ûܿŵģ, ʵЩź
ԭѰźһϷ͵С, û뵽ȴ̫ӽ˺, ֱӰ, ܷ˽
⻹һʱ, ͷһοôˡ
ЩᣬȴԾ, ׼úúǳһ٣ǣ֣߽ĵ, ̬е
հ˹, ´, дΣգ´󽫾˽Իؾô㣿
δ, Į, ʮѾȫɥʧ˾ƵĮòͷ, һս, ˾νǳ˷ͷ
ʤ̴Ưջһ
˼ȥҲֳֻɱɱ硣
Ѿڰʦؾ·ϣԼĪվܵ־, ܴ˵δǰ־Ĺɻ𷣡
һһ𷣡
ԵԼ۸һ
վڽ࣬ͷ˴ӣСѵʣܲŸմ
ղ֪ôԺֳָϵСӡٿܵʱԽˡֻµҲı䲻ʲôԵĻ¿ǳҰ£ôʾͶˣ
ʡŽյҡҡɾҪ
ûĵһۣ˵ôż޳ȥʲôʱͻд㣬ڣɴڻʹﵱϹˡ
ƺҲһ취
ոţܽŵ׷ʵ֮ǰ˵Ļɻ
һնȲˣɫ÷ڣ߷ߵͻΣ׻Զأ
깫޴ʮڳдĹ⾰ȹҲˣٳҲ١
ûٿɫԻڵȻȥЩҪ̸̸
ʶĿܣµĹͲСܲΪɣ
θڲãŷɽŽգգۣɵǸȰ£ȥŷһߣٹ
նСϷȻ֪бһ۵ʰڹʰˡ
˵ʲôס޹ĵɴˮĥ뿪ĵߵſڵʱͷһۡ
Ȼﷺϸס
ȵȥյɫ㳹׳ˣ֮ͥѹٳʲôˣʶ޿Ƿ飡
ܵͷȴǲûһ˿η壺֪Ҫگ¹ֺǹԸ
ô֪Ը⣿ܵſǣնȤζƳһۣ㳤ÿεӸǶţëǰѾ˺ü
ᡣ
Ȼ̧ͷӣڵ۵̹Ȼͼᶨ
΢΢һ㶣֮£Щ·ЩһУжЦ־硣
֮ĸѾֵز
ôˣЪ̽ͷת¡
Į֮вܲɣҲֻѹסԭı˾ĮսǳЩܹĶҪѱ˾
֮⣬һҪǽȥĮ
ӷֽĮ˽¹֮󣬽յбһֱȣһֱƿڻеĻ/ҩȻĳڽǲ
𽫾ǵĮ
Įõ˻/ҩ䷽ܱȻúܱľ衺ͳ²ߵûеõκѶϢҲѱĮû֪
Ͼ˽֮⣬ҲĮйϵ
ƣüģ˵ؼɻ䣬ҼȻȥ飬ȫ㡣
һԥβ֤Įûеõ/ҩ䷽ڲˣǳȴ鵽һ¡
նʱ˿ϻƿŻ/ҩ䷽й¶˳ȥضΪܵˡ
ֻҪ/ҩ䷽ûй¶һжа취ȡ
˵˵
ӹ£ɫصߵף΢鵽ʮǰĮĮйһ׮ס
˵Ŵһۣ˫ַͷѹֵдſβסķߺޣΪ¼
¼ң¼ҵ鲻Ѿ˽ô
һ٣ʶüͷֱȡеۣԽɫԽ¡
ˣ
ŭһ۱ݺݵˤڵϣò˲ŷ鰸վȡ
ֲó²߻ȥֲЩһֱĮֲ£ԭڱ޵ĺõܵܣ
ԭֻǾý֣жԹԲһֱݣû뵽ݲ˽ȴΪ󵨡
ʮ¼ҾɰȻڱһıĮݺޣв¼ķܱȣ¸ţʵͨе
׮ˣĮϵȴδնϣʮ½½ݾел/ҩ
˿Դɱ죬ֵҲ޼䣬϶ԽԺ˭֪ô¡
ΪΪҸΪȥǧʿܼͦñֱȭͷսдЩ⣬ȴޱɭȻӷͬΪ
ջۣаٸнŭǳ嵭ѹĵס
ֵܣһ𳤴󣬶Ա˴˶Ϊ˽⣬⽫ʮ£վͬİ·ۡ
״״ĴȴҪĿŵĵǰһΣʵж಻ϸ
һֳлɳˣ
ջ޻ȥλΪˡ
̧ӣû˿ãյƳһۣ˵Ϊһиۣڡ
û˱ʲôУ񼫣Ҳ׵ܵܣ첻
ܶʱĬ
ĸװ¸𺣵ʱΪֻһ⣬һû뵽Ȼһı
ΪǱ
ȥɣմؾ޻ᵱͣȥһƬƽӦ޻ãҲ
ܴӦ£ת˳ĵɴԶӭɫæʵܣôˣǸ۸ˣ
һᣬСϹǳǳЦһûĸͷִЩֻϸļչӳ£ԽӨƯ
ϸϸĴ񽥽ûʲôˡ
εСȻƮһźΣʹĽë˲СôҲдŻϢûм
ܶʱû죬䵭ϸֳЩȡ
˫𵶽ɱ˻УſſëʣдĶʵˣԼ˶ҽнƼˡ
Ҳ˴дģ»
˵棬ˡƳĲڣ䣬Цݣҵǻûܵء
򴽣ץָԼϡ
ؼ֣˾ͺˣЦܾôôʲôʲôҾ
Щ򷢸ɵ촽ֱ
вٹ˸ţǰĵЩȣݺݵصһֻۣСסա
                        
лҪ˵ܣҲҲ~

090

, ؾ
Ļص˶УٴθŴһ뾩, ǰʢ, һθΪʢ, һʱ, ǰ߲ϴĽݱһ˿˿ϲеڽձ
ԭĮҲôǱʱ, ܵİҲúš
һĮЭܵı߾ٰȰꡣ
˾ܿڰ֮Įľ衵֮, δйָܼʹˡûȥĽƺһжʱû
ž۹, ڰٹٵעĿ, вս佫õ˹ѫǼӹٽͽ, ʹϲ
Ӧ͵ܡ
ͷɵ˶, һ߶Ĺѫˮһ߶޲ȥ͵͵һʥּ쳣ġ
Žһҹ, Ĵ˸Ƿ, ĵģ
ǣҡͷҾǹո, ûϵ
бһۣļ򣬿˵ԺҸɰɣòˡ
ˡһ¿ˮŵңҡûؽͷ
ϻعѾȥһˣҲܵȵڰɣЩûףȴǲ뿪
ٳʱнͣӪЩֵһͲĺò¡
ʵж˼ô㻹뵱ޣ
ԴͻȻе£룬Сʵ𣿡
㹫޸ܣҲҪź򣬸οʲôˣֵܣһһϰô
ûϢ
ʰһ䣬ûĵһۣ˵ӰӪֳһ֧רٹټӷĹټˣȥ𣿡
ǴӰӪİһӦĳӲʲôūţֻЩ̫๬ŮһȵūŰˡ
ӪľӢ࣬ʹȫ׹⣬ҲĿʼֳϼٹټҪְ񽥽ңⲢʲô¡
ȻԵֳһ֧
ǰܿ뵽˽ЩΪѣȥȥǹô죿
ľޱΪܣ
ˡ
ӣɰͰ͵һءҪ˵һأ
뵽ĳֿܣʱ̲סˣæ׷ʵȥˣ˭
ۻŹ˵˭ⲻõĵ飬ºúÿһ£պҴ𸴡
ܲҲȥ
仰û˵꣬ѾʧӰ·δֹһ㡣
ƲƲ죬ʱ̫͵Ѿֵ³ˣĹԱ˳
һϢˣæסԱ߼ҴҵС̫࣬ʵСղŻ϶ʲôΪָʹͻ飿
С̫һ䱸
Ѵӻƣǰ˻ΣС̫˵ЩѽڲӦýָʹˣӦýүڳ½ҪʲôͣǾλҲʹã˭֪½ҪλŸ˵Ҫй
ȵȣԵ¶һѾı飬ָʹţ
С̫Ц࣬ࡣ

ϵıʱΪðȻҪְά˵ȥɲýЦ
ʱܸպô̫͵˳ϴ޵Ц⣬·ƶЩƮסͻˣ
ţصĵͷǵЦԽԽ󣬴ʮֵɵ
ĳ嶯׷ʵô͵ģϻ˵ʲô
ϴӦѹ޸ˣϵЦԽãְ̧סļӷ飬ЩվվˣҺܿҪȢˡ
Ѿİƿأ˴ͻ黹ʲô
Сܶ˶٣Դκģʲô벻ȥˣЩҪҪ¸ʥּ
Ƶģͻʥּ
ľ뿪̬ѾȲסˡ
뵱ˡ
ҲȢϱ
.

߳ǰͷһһʮ˵ʵ㲻
¸ɰıȻĮͿ֣ôСͶԽȽ׽ĽЩܲˡ
ԻλĹڽУ˻֮ҪʲôʲôʲôʲôǰҲֻ֣Ҫ˲ԲŲͣĹƻ
δȻ͹Įˣı
СţüͷҲ̲סֻΪ¼ҵķ
Ҳ֪üͷԺнʣļ䷭ţҼǵ֮ǰ˵ܵķƺ⣿
˵ͷ˵Щ⣬˺Чô꣬Ҳû˵ʲô
Ҳģ߳һ˲̾СʱҸȥνϣƺѰҽ󶼲֮
֪Ҳ˶ѣڽҪʲôȴԾһͷˮ
ĬֲܴĵʱɫЩԣԭһжǻڱ
Ӧú뱨ɣ
¼ûг£ӦúЩӵһҪǧ򱶵ĴۣȥõӦõõĶ
ҧ촽˲û˵ʲôܱܲŸʴֵܣȰѡԭ¡˵ףί
ʱ߾ͺˡ
ѾȥľλΪˣȦҲǶһɫ˻ҲؾöʲôǸΣЩûϵǵĻѾ£ú׼˼롣
ͷɵӦˣ֪ǶĻ½ǰ
лɩڰæţʡ˲٣ЦЦԽǱѾ̣ŻҪСµĹ򣬹ұȥӭպϵ游ҲҪؾְˡ
ἰ£Ц⣬Ҳɻ
ĽݽԶ޾ǣȻίѾȥ׼ˣЩʱұȥҲôմ֡˵
߶ĻΪ⣬ĵ˭ί˭һأĽ骵㻹֪ҵĿֵüɹݡ
ǶѽЦԽԽء
˵ŻһС̫༱ܽͨ£ּܲ˷Ҫ
ңһʶĿ˽֪ôЩ
ڽһֱһݸмԾܿ룬ҲûаЩ¸߸ʣֻ֪
ڿҪڱ֮ǰָڱʲôĻ⡣ͬҲЩ棬ԴһǰĽʼһֱؼ߶;ֻ档
ⲻһͼ췴үеķӦ
һȥС˵
ܾ̾Уһвȸô죿
ˣʵڲģҾͷ㣬պԵվҪȥӭĽݽ㣬еҸպÿ԰æ
ȥܣȻܾòġ
Ӧ˵Ҳã鷳ɩ
лҪ˵·˼ףˣһˣ˷ˣ
·ңǰǰڲˣϾǸɵˣ
·˱㾹ghs?!

ҲңֻԲС𳵳⳵ͳQAQ

091


ӵĸۡ, Ѿȫɪĵط
Χͱ˾Χţİշ·Ҳ, ż·˶Ǽææģ, Ӳͣפ㡣
ߴ, ͷ潪ԹԵ, ܡ
İɣ, Ҿ㡣ɵӦ
Էģ̤Ĵţȴ̲סͷһ, ֱ߻ȥһȥȫһЩ
ǵϻؽ͵͵ȥѰ, ȴһɱ, Ȼ¾ûĮҲȻҾȻ̫ġ
һ͵͵ȥأ
, Ҳֻܴ, εôСأҶҪˡ
㻹֪Ҫ, ߵһ, õǻûгףҪؾ֮Ҫ, ÷ִ硣
ǿǹȺͺ޲ðСӴͷһ顣
Դȥ֮󣬽ûܵԴСҳĽŮҪڳ֮ǰٰ˼ҵ촽ҧˣȥЦ
ĪЩίͲСˣϱǰҧһ촽ʲôֲỳС
ܰ˼ѾȫߣֻʣµֵĽǹеĸ
ܵĴӦţֱԶֶĽͣ½Ų
磬㡣̧߲ԥͷӦܣҺܿͻ
мС̫վţ˫ʥּվǰͷɫÿ
߹ȥ˵˼仰ŴżС̫߶ϹһЦ
Թôˣʵ
ҡҡͷū֪ѽҪ£ȻͲּǻʵ£Ļöһˡ
ĻֲѰĪǸҪ壿
˴ʱԶʲôֻЪͷ
ȴǰѽĻЩ㱡
벻֪
ǰ¸Ҳ˵ġ
ҡҡͷѾ֪ˣ壬޸ĸǻѪȴ˻ҵĶݣȻܵһͷǡ
˭ģ̧𪿡ϻһĨɫǻϣ
Ǹ˵ûȴǳ¸ȸҵģ߳ЦЦʵ廹˵ЩʲôЩ֪ˣҲѾ̹ȻĽܡ
ô˵ģü׷ʵ
ʹѿصʮϸܰߣǰźЩˣǽյĸεͰ
򴽣ȴʵ˵˳ĸһãҵĸףֻǲԸ׽Űиĸ
ʱ񣬼ѽû취ĵƺĸ֡
Сʱ򣬹ĸеļ䡣
ĸأд˼ּ٣˫ض߲Щ֣ɻЩʲôȥˣȥһȥһˡ
Ļɫѿ·һ˲Щû˵ĻĶ˺
˵Ļ㾹ˣƭ㡣
ûҪƭң϶˼䵭ڣ廹Ҫȥ𣿹ĮкֻΪһ˽ͼɿҡҲǻѪûʸҲǸλϡ
ǷλȻٺݺݵ˺һУСʱã죬ϣԲǿﳼ˽ҶܸмڣѾ;ĩ·ˣһҲһʼҾֻһӣĶұֻĶ
ЦЦ˵֪ҰģҲûⲢζԸΪӣ壬Ҳôģ˵ʲôҶᵱ档
㡭
壬ûôҰģںܺãֳãиʡһһңһֱůżҾʧ䣬Щʵԭ޷ӵеģҲٵһС
У壬ϾҪˣԽҲҼáҺ㡣
һҲٶҡˣ塣
߾ԴüȴһƬᶨ
ͲǻѪĸܹĸ븸ΪӣѾǺ˵飬һЩòźŻպһһõֲ
ƴÿһãһпܵĶǺá
ܰܰǡ
Ĭ𪿡¶˿˿ƣ̬תȥ˫ۣҲá
ԭܹˣһ
ֻһҲúܺãԽܣԺҲʲôί
ЦЦתͷ˵һûãԺҲУҪȥҵľλҲᱻջأһ˵ѷ㡣
һ٣ҡ
֪Ҳһ·б޻üۼȾһƬЦ⣬͵ĺôֶܲһĺò
ߵͷʱһ
ˣתűƽĺ棬ͻȻⱲӼʲôöһٻ£ҶûкڹΨһڵľûܺúô㡣
Ѿܺˡ˵
Цҡҡͷ˱ۣ˵߰ɣú׼£ٹˡ
ֲɱҲûʱպûˡ
ΪⱲӶãû뵽ȴʱһӦȫ˻
ԺܺãѾҪ
壬ıӰء
˵תȥ
ԶԶؿæӭȥ
磬嶼˵Щʲô
ûʲô˵Ҫҳ׵ĺ񣬡ЦӦǻȥɣסҸϣչʰˣٰȥҲ١
˵Ц߳ǰͣ½Ų͵͵˽һۣ˵磬ɫء
бһۣܾ˵ʲôû
Ȼ
ȥܣ˵¸Ѿؽˣһûȥءһɡ
Ŵ˻飬̾ȥģߺԥľܾԹԸһظȻͰͻعȥ
룬Саɣ
ɫ˲У
硭ίͰ͵ľڣƯˮкܿһ˿ͼһҲʲôġ
ԭȥĳ˲Ӳʯ
ӵļҸܶûˣʽ۸
ôί϶͵͵Ĩˡ
ûиĸҲûиҶһĺֳһ˿϶ɲˡ
Ҳֳء

Щͷֻۣһ
æĵͷģСǹɡ
Ǻãҵĳݹȥһۣ飬Ƴһۣû̫֣ǰͱٳˡ
ڹɵӦˡ
ؽ¸ھַϣض㲻ϷȴҲ൱֡
㱻һֻȵĽסˣʶ̧ȴײһ쳣ߡ
۵״ЦӳϦУǱһ⣬еȫȥֻ˵ᡣ
֣ȴ۵Ķ
Ҿ֪㣬С˵ţڷ⣬ЦȫҶ̲סڽϿµ㡣
붼û͸˹߲ûȤء
ֻнŻ
ѽ㡣Цü䣬ûֱ˳ֱȥ˶ܵĻεı
ЦЦվڵϣȴû
ϸպƿᣵĽ˲ֻǼһ
Ÿյſ˾ͱˣͷĻۿ
ޣ
ˣ                        
лҪ˵ûۿ

092

ûס
ʶıŽԱŲŲ, Ҫóλã⿴ڽ, ȫˡ
ҲͰ, Ų, һ
ڰû޸أ
ߵɫЩڣ֮ͥ, ʵÿ
һϽ, ضβּĺϵ˲, ˼ɵܻʶɿ֡
ץ˸, Ѵܻ, СϻЩ졣
㰡㡭֪˵ʲôźãŽƳһܣЩӲ, ָʹҲǽȥ
Żع, æ¸
еİͲúʮǰûʲô¸ȴ֮ǰ˽һ, е˼, ˱Եøи塣
üôźū澶ûУ
ܱòϰˣһӦźūŶģźūҲòлûŮˡ
òϰߡʵ˵
߶ʱ, ôôڣòҲˣȻί˰жź͵жźֻܶ಻١
ǰסչˡ̩Ȼ
ԡˣôܡ
һʱܾƺﲻԣǰս˽ȥźˡȻչ˵ǽҲùֵֹġ
ֵز
磡ߵĿѾǿߣ˵õǵദأ
һˣ֪ôźЩסĿ⣬µӻûȺֱ˳ȥҳȥ͸͸㡣
ߵſͣͷһܣвעִ磡
һ޵Ĺɡ
㣬߻ҪС꣬ŽһϵҲǰ̫
һȥǰײô죿
ò
߲鲻Ը뿪˲һץסС֣£ģǣȥ
ĲӺܴ󣬽ЩϣʵܣҪȥĶ
ЦЦһڣȻһʶסĲӣͳڶ𣬴һ˿˼/ȥֻ˵ĵط
հǽĻС֣綼Ҫˡ
ǺܿҪˣǺܿҪˡ
ߵúܿ죬һ߿ţȲ˫ķ֡ءһϡ
İž鷿ٵĺƣСĽ鰸ϣֿסıĥ䣬һļأ޲ð̽ȥ
Ĵôζҹҹʳʣҹ¡
һγԸ
ȵôյȥſɿĶϵ͵͵Ц˼İӵ뻳
Ҫˡ
ظһһ飬ƺҪȷµʵԣֺҪˣӴԺ󣬽ֻһ˭û취ߡ
һΣճĺÿһߵҹþãڳ档
ĺƽ°ʹļϣ˫ֹֻܾǰ½ʵ̫ŹۣһֺܴĲʱȥƵģºֻڻš
ҪЩأ˴ؿڣҷȥ
˵ʱڶϣèƵˣ׽סҶС֣Ī͡
֣˵ǰһڡ
֮ǰܵߵ׻׻̻壬ֱ׵߻أӶεģĻƫƫܾǲ֣Խˡ
òлᣬȻҪԸ
ͰѽߵвŵȥˣڻֻôĶ֣
ͼӱȥ;
ȴͻȻϮȵĴ棬΢Ľ/ǷŴ˲˸飬ı塣
Ƶһġţܵ˲ͨ죬Ҳһô/أ˹ݺݵؽսڻС
ҪƲסˡ
ûɿ˫ֱִϣ鰸һԾ£˫ȵŵأȴ䵽Ӳѵܡ
ƺһϸֳһ˿˿죬ͳƣһ˿˿󣺡
һۣС˲ˣߺߵ˭㲻ˡ
ȴԽԽС͵
ԭο˭֪û˵أͱסˡ
һң׵һ
Һ㡭ܴĶϵૣֻҲԽĲʵĹĵһۣͷ˵绹ͷأ㡭֡
ķ䣬һϤڱǶˣһİġ
ûΰӵţŵŮӣˣҹҹŵİ
½ƺܸܵȵ£ƣȴεİסƵдŨŨ/ұһҲ㣬ұžͺá
Ҳٶˣ򶨻̲סֻƽϢ
Ͱ͵̲סЦͷգ˵˭ͻ۸ңԭµģ˭֪㲻׾͡
ϵĺξûɢ
Ȼ֪ЩǷ޼䱾еȤڻûأЩѾܺˡ
ȻҲúܿ֡
ʲô£ܵͷ˹ʲôֵܵùҪȢˣ㲻֪ж໶ϲ
һΣ̫ʵˣЦЦȦֱֽ˼֣ô
Ȼˣмɵƽʱôκʵֲˣסգ˼˵׽Ҷǲġ
ܵ͵͵Ц˼ͷסС֡
ҺͶմӿ˵ĸ顭ԲΪǻѪͿΪǱѪޡ
彩˽Щ޹أ޹ء
°ػУ۵ḶӦеĴۣš
ѾΪˣջطأȦڸУʧȥһУΨһֻǲֵаˡ
û취ǿȣҵᡣ
˵ƺʲô֮ǰȥѰùҽЩɣҴǸ
ѾңܸƯüۣҺ֪㡣
֪㲻ˡ
ͷüС˵Ҳ֪㡣
ܸȥʱȴ˽Ųæƿʵʵѣװµĸ롣
ҵûȥˣ绹ڵء˵
뿪ıӰֹסķ࣬ǽŸմͻ飬ҪЩӲܳסʲôʱܸһ֣
ָһʮŶʮˣ밢ʮСĹ򣬳Ȣϱû˱ˡ
ԲζҲǼõġ
뵽æ첽ȥ㡣
˳ƹסС֡
лҪ˵ߣִַֻʣҿ׼ˣʲôζģ

093

ʱúܿ, ת۾͵˽ߵĴ֮ա
ҲǴܵһʢ£Խ޸, Ȼֻһ, Ҳֵðսֵ, ڲĳޡ
ߺͶȥӭĽ, һ·ͻؾ
Ĺǲȥģͼ, ĻȴѰȥӭҲǰ˴̬ܵ, Խ档
һ·;Ͷ٣ȵ˾ǲйЪϢ, Ѱ̫Ѹе鱸, ֻȼʱӭš
ڽϸֶѱõüƯ˽Ͱ, ʱ˰Ҫһֵ˼
ڸͷ, Ǵĳݣһһļױ, һʹ, ԶԶĿͷ
ҲýߵĿǰߵȼģȻпױŲ¡
ȵСǣϲĽ骴ظ֮󣬿ĹܼҲſʼױһһ챦˳, Χ۾ˡ
˵ԽԭҲûʲôû뵽һ޶ôױòǰԽʹ˰ɣ
ﵱȻ治ڵĴ顣
һ·Ц콩ˣò׵Ҫ񲿹Աš񲿹ĹԱнķӡ
ǰ֣н񲿹Ա̫ӽ̫κ֪ӯҲڳ˺ЦһԿ֣ʱͷսС˵ʲôպ졣
Ϊ·Ϸ㣬ϱûûȣѾֶۣڸ
Ӳ񣬵ͷȴƳ¹һܽظ⣬ʶԱ߿˹ȥƼĽС֡
滹մĩһƬЩۡ
ߴѹŵЦ˲ۣɫЩڡ
֪Ľ骲ףû뵽һף͵͵˳ԵĲָҲͰˣƫƫòȵ¶ݣԺⲻҪڸ
ţ˲ѵϵܽظԶˣƫɹ˽ǰ
ϣûסһָ˻ȥ
ܽظȥĽߣ
Ľ骳ԻûӲˡ
Ľ֪Լپʽʱرԣ˾С̫ະʲôرϣֱ˿
ǰڴܴһʱգ̵ֽ֪صľ
˵ĿǺ⣬ǽߡӦòɣ
û棬ǴĽ骣Ҳ
úãƢҲãָɰӣܸһġ
Ľ骴̣֪뵽ʲô·϶̲סЦ˳࣬ĵܽظó𣿡
УǹֵգСԵ󣬶Թ˵ģĽ˵űЩˣûĺóԡ
ûԵˣЩ
ŷգ룬ҲЩˣȳЩһ棬ò˳һˣϾеĳˡ
һȸֵƬ⡢ܽ¥ľԲӡĽ骸źͷߣĻӦ
бһۣĪЩͷۣȻҪˣһٷҪĸطƿɱˡ
ǵõƬõܽ¥ľԲȴǳԲˣ˵պнϵ
Ľ骶ʱЦϲס̵ֱۣ˵߹Ȼˣֳ˵ǵðһٶ򲻿ɡ
ߵɫʱĪе졣
룬ֻǸպ˶ѡ˵
ŶĽ骶˶٣ȸղŸˣԵĶһϬԵ
ߣ
һ߶ĽȴڸæĽ骴ļױּ̫࣬󣬻ټĶĹܼһʱ˽տ
Щױ⣬иĺ񣬽һæ̵š
ǰͺкܶ࣬˴Թ󣬻вǴԺѧӣЦһһӦţʱȴȺзһϤףԻ㱣׼ϸŮȴѾˡ
ʶ׷˳ȥЩյĴǹŮӣѵղۣ
Ѿ˳ȥæʵۣղûпһŮӣ񴩵£˴磬ĸм񡭡û̫ϸҲ񡭡
ʹ鲻ɵõ
Ҳҿ˰ɣ˵ĸ֪綼ˣһܸˡ
ת߻ܼҸպó񵥣ɨһۣüʵôңǲǼǴˣ
ܼһ㶣æˡ˰²ϸūȥˡ
򴽣ϵ˼ܾúﲻԾǿϲʱգСʵ׷
ȥɣ¶ϸЩѵ
ȵһ꣬ʱҲˣĿ˽ɢȥҹĻ١
ص˹ԺȴʱʱظֳһӰӵļȰǰȴûһθڡ
ȻɽӸ⣬ĸᾭǳԵĵģ𻹴㣬ŷʮ궼ûһζ
ͷͻȻЩ춯۵Ŵ˽ָʹ
˳ȥȻԶԶվͷš
ۺһǽߵİΪþסĳˡ
ѵӵĶҹñȥţ򡭡
///˺ܿ¡
ߵİµû˵ӲͷƤǰ棬ļ磬ʶʱΪܣ//ҩ𣿡
İһ˶ţԽԵС
ܲĥĥӣһֵƸóλá
鲻̫ԾָʹοοҲã˶ҪˣŮ֮Ҳʲô
һۣʵôˣ
ǰ˵鲻á
ҹɫѾŨˣ̧ͷڵҹգǳڰҫš
ͻȻСʱǡ
ȥǰɡС˵ֻѾ䡣
Ӧ£Ṧ˷ķЩû֣ݼϣұƹıϣ˶ݽĻ
ҹµǺͬλãͬƺĹâδ
ͻȻЦһ£˵ҽ񿴵ĸ󣬿׳ʲôӶǲˡ
ļԴԸ鷿еǼԽԽãҲһʱĴĥδ뿪
ܣЩˡ
ļϣҹգĽë˲кööĻ˵ɽӸ⣬һϵǡ
Ҳһ
סգĴָΎȥᣬĿۣ֪ģǾȥòã
šĻУίһԽղסˡ
ֱļͷմһƬʪŻعǰ˲䣬Сߵôҡ
ܵͷ˫˻޳Ͳˡ
Ժأ
лҪ˵人˺ܶ࣬ȻԵˣףҶƽԺ̲Ի~
ᵹʱЩ챻人д飬лСɰǣģ

094

ĵоĵ, ڵҹɫ£Եׯ϶
Ƶ, , üͷ, ۵ֱ, ŵĿġ
˵ʲôڵߵǰ, Ӹµ˵˵һ飡
Ķ˶٣ɫ, ȵֽղŵĻظһ飺ߵȷǿѪ
ܣʶķϵ
ߴСڻʹǿѪ, ᲻֪
ûҪӡ
Ĵ֮, Ļ᲻Űɣ
һʱû˵ˡ
Ůһ֮ϧ, һ֮, һĸֻ꣬òҲм֮
֮, ĸסûʹ, ҲûҪȥ飬ҽʮأ֮ϧ
ǽѪôܣ
мֲţļſȥλ, ΪˣײŸҴŶû΢
ɫ䵭ȴûа֪Ϸ˼
ջ㱼ҵ˵ǣ֮Ǳ/ǿ֮У˺̥ųе
ǲ̣ǲҡ
֮ѾµϻؽߣȴϣܹڻУ뽪ϣع鵽һдЩ䵭Ե쳣ӲϣܹӦʡ
´ɲͱڽвǻѪᱻ޳ף֮嶼ûһ
ûҪΪһľ
΢΢ϵıԽ䵭Ľϻô׽һٻûܼ꣬ȥˣһáѰŮ޷ӵУֻ͵
Ҹôܻס
ϵЩ꣬ҵվˡ
һʵ굽ô£ȻˣΪβӦ׮£
꽪ͻȻҶСףֵȴ˿ʣټϵʱ֮ϧż˼ᣬ˳ûӦĲ
˭Ը⿴Լӱʱ̵ţο׵ܵܡ
ȫļҵĹŮּǿӲĴͻ飬Ψ֮С

ٺֱ֮ˡױ٣׮±㳹û˿ܣҲ˳ȥϡ
̧գ֪ΪЩ꿵ɫȮȴʼûκˣ˶ãҲҲ໥ƽˣαٴٳһ˫Թż
ȭͷٿȻսŵĿģһүŪöӾ⾹Ȼгƽ
ֲҵһ̬ȥϣôҲû
ֲ֮뿪ңթȥס
һүŭ𣬸һǿеǻϵŭ𣬼ĸȨƣҲòһ
Щ꣬Զ뾩ǣµ͵δйԽ
еŭ𽥽ƽϢĵҲԽԽ䣬ҵڲŸҰ˵۵ľǿѾˣǨŭҡ
ǲޣ˵
򴽣۵ȴûаֻ⣬̧ΪôΪβ˵ƣ
ԻʺĻ죬飬ô׷ŹңûзŹңŹã
ЩʿʳĹʱʱ̶̿̽ȥΪ˵½ߣ˦ϵҪһ鲻֮ԩز֣ʻϣʲô
Щ꣬ҴδǷңһ˿һ
ɫ࣬ضɼٷŭҲֻ¡
û˿ֻ˽
һѪϣѾ㹻ˣȥ׷ʲô
ҷѾ˼ڸǵ࣬۸ĽߵΪ뽪׵׵ĻޣԸý֪Ѫ
֪𣿡üģú
ЦһǰɱΪýţΪأ
Ǳ֪ˡ
ձ˱ۣһʱ֪ôУһ֮ϧãһ׵ܵܣһʮĽߡ
Щ̫꣬£һٴ䵽˾ء
ظ߰ˣջջصķأ޻Ժ޵Ķӣ֮
Ĵ˵ޣڣԻһݣҲϣȥ徻
հԡ
ڶһ磬ߴĽĵ밲
ԭҲҪȥ󹬵ģ󹬿յλߵûʲôڸУֱĵ
յĵƺ࣬²죬ű㿴˽գ˲ˡ
û˯ãʵ
üģɫԻӦã㡪
վڽԵĽ骣ɨһۣ϶ʱ¶˼Ц⣺ּˣһ·۳Ͷ٣Ϊ࣬ȥȺúЪһ
ۡʶ
ζƳһۣЦ޿û˵㣬ȻˣԺҪúôҲ㡣
лʣһŲ۸ءĽ˵
ƺЩϹأ㶣Цҡҡͷã۸㣬޸
ʣǡѸȥЩȣܸܲ߻ϣǱ۸һɣ
ǰ԰ùȫϣЩסˣЩµȷǾΪ
úôġ˵
ʱһֻӣմѪĸµģҲһֻ㲻ʲôϡĶȴҲǸ롣
źѪ˲͵͵Ӧһ
Ľ骲죬ʶסֱۣЦſգѪѵһֻճһ˫ҲѰĶˡ
ŰɣЦЦת˵ǻȥɣЩˡ
ǣʺúϢ˵
û˿ֻǲԸȥϸ룬ЩҪ֪ģȻ˸
֮ǰȥʡ
˳ĵڳĹ·ϣĽͷʵôߣ㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷĬ
ΪǺںģϾױɸĸĸǻֻһԼԼڹֺܿʧͷ
ֻѪȴеĸܵʲô
ԭһֱڱ˰š
ѽĽ骽һᣬ˵˽ϣίί˵ߣҵĽˡ
ҪտĵȼţĽڹˣҲʵЩ
üҪȥĽţȴ§ס˲ӣһϡ
û뵽ôңҿ׬ˣĽ̵˵
ӽ˽ΧĹŮ̫࣬ʼѡ
ܵ£Ҳϣôڴ֮ͥ¾̬˿ָҪһ䲻塣
üûѵһ٣ȥĽţ
ĽæĵͷСίˣ߲·ˡ
㱳ҡ
˵Ѿסɫ˺ڣûװİɣ
ûУĽ骵ɴۣЦŴ˵ʲô
ɫһ죬ĸ
Ѿܿˡ
û//ȣ                        
лҪ˵쿪ʼ׼飬ʣֻˣһٶ˵Ļ棬˾ѽ[]

095

Խʹܵþ˺һӡ
ֻûȥ, žĮ͵ĺϢżǧƥ, ԼһһĲԭز뾩, ˾յĿйѾ񻯡
һͬ񻯵Ļд˵д, ·һı˾ָʹδү
Խ¹լʱ, ǶʹĴӦˡ
¸լ빫һȻʲô, ÿ뵽빫ôԶܾﲻ̤ʵ
ͺñȻһصزū޲ҹҹŻĽ, ۱ۿĶԸеġ
լӾڹ, ȻҲܴ, ԺӾǽլӴ󣬵ʱõ㡣
˵ʱΪͲסȥ
ҹҹסһԺӡסһ䡢˯һ齲źá
붼
ڵֵܱӰĴ˰Ρ
ָʹ, 𣿡Ӱϴ, ԽٽڣӢµָʹԽɵƵ, ջлĲ, ¶Ҫ졣
ǸָʹûһҪܣæù
ܻͷƳһۣĵʲô£
, ǼӰӪĵ֣ӰεظѰĦҲͰˣɰӪЩһҲ֪Ҫ
ܵҲǴӰӪġ
ǣЩսɱеĵֲǰĲеءӰѵ
ҪӪ֣ԸЩ˽ƴһ˿ĿܳΪһݺݵıɱҡС
Ⲣǻ£ЩȥսϲȡϽ˵ٶЩĺ
֮Ҳи֣ۣ֮ߵ˵Ѱɢֽÿ½һȣæˣʲô¡
Ӱûķ˸ۣε⻹£ʲôǴ£û̿ɴ򡭡
ҪˣǴ¡ܴ
Ӱʱµû˵ƲƲ仰㶼˵˿һˣȢ˹ҲӺ˼࿤ѹȢˣأߣʲô˵ģ
ƮǵӴ˶ܱĳЩһˣûȢϱĹǿ
㣬Ӱ߹˵ϹһϱȢ
ǰЩţȴ쳣ˣü˭˵Ȣ˵ˣֻҪ۴ӦܳףںôҲǽĹټˡ
۴Ӧ𣿡б
ǰ۴Ӧ𣿡ӰҲб

Ӧġĵ˵Ȼ˭ûɵЩɥ˴һԵܣ˵ߣȾȥ
ҡͷ˵ζ̫Ѭˣϲ
õۣһԵԽۿɰ㻹ûѹȢؼء
תͷߣֻܺһ˵ǺðɣǲȾƣȥԷаɣ
˵ű߳˾һҾ¥㴫˾ֵ͸ȥʱЩסˡ
ĳݣüȥʲô˰ɣ
ӦǻعûзϣͷȴһأŵĲ
ôˣʵ
򴽣ˡ
ڲˣʲôһ㶣ű㷴Ӧ̬ҲŽţд̿ͣ
˴֮̿⣬벻ɣҿбſûܴӰȵп˿״
ʱܵĪЩίһûͬ˹

ǿһվҪɻ飬޲ֱӸһ䣬ʲô
Сϲˣ½ˣ뵽ֻ˵Ĺ򣬸ղŻѾʧˡ
ŻԽԽĺɰ겻ѡ
ĴǳԲˡ
.
ܷúûüԷլӡ
صǽŹլӣ˶ӣֻĿ˹öû
ҹĻ٣滹ûһ˿
ܿʼˡ
ץץͷЩԭⲽԺֹסʼ˼롣
ͬ˳ݱҲˣڻûѵҪסɻûסȥأ
ò־ĸ˻ɣ
Ҳסڹ
򴽣ҵ뷨һ飬Щ㱣еһжҪξ
ǶҪˣ
Ҳ֪Լôͷĵ׵ĲȴԽԽŨҹϲãͻȻһɽѹͷ
̫ʧȥˡ
֪˽һһòԼ޷ԼΪʹһжٵ۵ʱֻص˺ڰ̵İӪ
ͺ񵱳֪ΪʲôΪѡԼһҲ֪ôϲһЩ
ãȻԽԽĻн֯ţһһĸԼһжģɵԺͻأĸֳһͷʱе˲ֱ
һ˱ô죿
룬ֻȥһᡣ
͵͵ķԺӣƻͨûκβͬȴ˵ԼмϤ
ǰʱ˯˵ġ
ǰ㱻סˣܳҪ
ҡҡͷڿ²С
Ҫִֵҽ
Ѿ˯ˡ˵ţȴֱԺﴳˣҹˡ
д춯Žƿ˳һƳĽ骣ɫȴԽÿˡ
ǵĽŮװԽӵţζԹԲѷ
ŮҲС
ǰѽԼߣĽ骵Ŀⲻơ
Ľü΢΢ЦЦôǹɩҲаүǲ̫ԵЩ
ץŽַԽˡ
ûˣǶȥɡ˾ˣͷܣɻܣôˣ
˲û˵ץߣĽһ߬ס˵Ҹ¡
ʲô£ܵӲ
Ľ骶ʱЦˣһϾҪˣʲô£
ɩյĵһۣ˽˵˵ҲˣΪҪű˵˵仹ܡ
ô˼˵ó
Ҫ̡ܳ
һĿɿڴУֱӱṦԺӣ˹ԱߵСլԺ
ƿϺø͸˵ƻһ˭̣
°ʵʵıĬò˵ҪѧԺҽ㡣
㲻˵ˣˣ̧Сһ£ݺݵ˭Ҫѧ
ḧĳü˼֣ǾͲѧ
ˡ
ͻȥС˵ɩǶɹġ
Сܱ룬԰ԼУ̫ˣЪ°ɣ㡣
ͷһϣȻм棬ܿ
ⲻϹأ˯ϣ˯Ķ
ĬĬתȥ顣
ûã鷿Ľҵ˼顣
дţ/Ϸ/ͼ
лҪ˵ǵĻ̶ȣ㿴ö
ܣҿ
|Ϸ|ͼ = ||ͼ

096

, Ƚһŵľ˵Ļڡ
ԭûýô, ôҲҪ, ȿ˵, ȻͷȴϢ, ĽڿĽȴͻȻסˡ
֪, ʮһֱѰҽѼʮķ, ֻΪܹκõµˡ
ҩֶټЩķ˴˼δ, ǵû, ƻ壬ֹͶҲЩᡣ
ѱΪˣǻѪ, Ȼ̱, ҲΪɥȫӰ첻, ȴĴԥ, ҵòʢزֵܣҲֻǶˡ
ϲһˣѪȴ޷, ղýĻܵκڸǰ˻ڡ
ǰ˵Īˣټ˼յϢͻȻϵڱˣκġ
վûôˣ˶ץ׼Ļ⣬ÿ춼߶ŷǵúݺʰһٲɡ
ôԸɲʹ󣬳ձҲˡ
ǰһҹͨ
ڵУûڻ谵Уտʵݣ·ͻȻȥϲϸԵøĿ
ҲûĹֻһֱڳ󣬶һֱϰˡ
˲һʱ˵
ε飬Ҳǡ
ʡ򴽣ǰס֣˵ǶĴϲ֮գΪˡ
֣û£ֻһʱЩܰˣô㶼ޣȻˣǻ᲻ϰߡ
ǰôΪһ÷浽Ҫһգ׻᲻á
ھǣʹҲԶЦЦ˵˵һˣǸӦʣжʱСסҲ޲ɡ
ɵǼ޳ȥˣô㣿
ȴûᣬֻ˵ҲĸµֻҪϲͺãСӡߣıȵϽҵ˳úÿҲ˵óֻ˻
˵ĻվһƵı飬С˳ͦģôоӲûͨˣɵҲûʲôñŲΡ
˵ˣнͽֵڣʲôҲúúõһ¡
ⶼĸΪ㱸µļױѺһ˲ϣɫ˼֣ЩҲ½½ͷһЩϣɲǻʼҵӡ
˵һ¸ûټҵףǱˡ
εҡҡͷɨһ۲ӣ˵ĪҪѻʹңôණɲţ
޸ţƳһۣôãЩԱʱ֮裬ڹֲȱЩԽô˵Ҳǹ֮ƫ㵹ãһСӡ
ô˵Ҳ⼸¹󣬼ҵȻȲҴ壬Ҳ㱡ڽȫˡ
Ц⻰˵úòۿȥ˭ܱȵУҰңɣĸ¼ޣ
㻰ǲ٣ұֺֻܸޣ޿Դ̾˿ˣջеæЪ˰ɡ
æӦ£Ŀ
ױ̨ǰЩЩãȴڴ
ϼʮױһվˡ
գҪڱ͵ټ¼ˣܸĸֲֵܽãֻպҶϡ
ձԸ̤ʹ벽ǸϲģҲݲܾ
һȻнҲ˭СƵģϽ»̤˱͵ӷ׵˲ƣһĸ̬
ͷһμգһ롯ţէȻûӦòŴԺзһ֣ɵЩꡣ
꣬в;潪һû£ͲѽԴԡ
һ߱Ҳڱ˳Ũ޵ױݾڲסϵ㲣Ҳ࣬ŽϵĻ£ĪЩ
ʱĸﲻһ̣ϷϼԽʮױ޸עˡ
ûȵ
ŮӶ࣬ܵ÷ϧ׻ùЩ˵Ը޵ˡ
վԱߵκ֪ӯ⻰ֱӵ߹󣬺СȡϧҪģܸҸ㣬ֻҵҲظʳ֣Һʰ
ЦЦӦлɩ
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ĮҲйƳһۣ°˵б¾ȥһᡣ
ģ˭Ҳߡ
Ӱûס˸ۣƲƲ죬ЦNɪģɱޡ
ȥֵǱ£ʵ
첽뿪ϯδ߶Զձסһ̳Ӿƣ͵ؽסʦǡ
һǺͼͷղٶ˵ִ뿪
һҲƣ㴼񣬻һ˿ζŮҲϲֻǰݵһȴ൱ټ
¶Ц⣬һ߸˵Ľ·
ȼӳŷﵽǺͮͮģĶϲܵ˲˰ŵӰϣһоûɵЩţĲӶ쳣
ŵһһˤڵϣæסˣŵķϡ
ﾲĵģƺܹ򴽣òס񣬻δڱ㿴ϵӰ˶һ˲ֽ
ܲҧͷԼ
ƽ׽ҲûôͻȻˡ
ŵֱʿˮָвŪϵϲۣƿ˾̳ӣ˹ˡ¹ڲԺЩ
˰ȴֻȾƵ񷴶ɻ࣬ûסЦ
ܶپûţȫһΣ˹ȥ
С̽˹ȥסС֣С˵ңǳˡ
˵󷴶ûǸƵģ䴽һͷģǵȷˣ˶Ϊ֤
ҲҪֻ֤֣ҪϾͺá
չȥ׽ǰĺͷȴԵôۣһĺԥŰѺͷ۵ı̺ˮĴ.꣬ű˫Ϥüۡ
ƽôصױĿҫ۵ĺ죬žЩƲֻۣÿڸ޲ٺȵһʡ
ü䣬С¶Ц⣺ױݺÿô
ÿٺÿˡæӦ޲ھȥҪһһԼҪżҪᣬǧŻ
˵ŮӳλʹǲСЩ˵пܣܶʱˡ
ǰ̫ʹպ󲻸ô죿Сء
ƳͷϺصķڣҰж¡
СĵĶ̣СƮһĨ죬εݱļӳţԽ.޲ɷ
ܺһͣ˼֣ͻȻ𺣣ù̡
ժλĶԾļӿ죬ҹ˳˫ǰһͣժķλȵױ̨ϡ
û˾Ѿϣ£С谵Ŀռڶʱֻʣˡ
ҹɫˡ
¹𨡭
лҪ˵ûдµģ
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097

ﾲĵ, ԺҲ޶ˡ
ĵڷҡҷŴﴫĺ, ӳĵҹ⶯ˡ
ȵĴڻļ, һҿصɴ, ܿڵĳ嶯, ϸ磽ӿ.Ҫ᲻ʡ
ʱ, ȴһͯ޵˲ͷƤ飬ֻѪҺסˡ
ѸϽ, ҴҵĴ˳ҹȥ, ڹ̳һĺͯ
ͯ޵, һѣ˯죬һί
ܱί
˵ģ
Ѱв˾ס, ʲô, ˼ȥעЩӵĶǰ
ܵ, ѸڷһȦ, ȷΧûκοƷ󣬲ƿŰˡ
ֱҪίˣᵶɱӰĶС
ĶҹҲ֣
ίͰ͵ĹϷ, һֻ̧ۣĴ̽һСԴüĿ飬Ưˮдִ⣬.Ŀ棬СϻƮһΡ
/˲ֳַ̧ۣ½⿪£գ۵Ĺϣæס˫ۣԾֽ
طôСѵдЩЦ⡣
ѰճɻһֶǼú󱲶ˣҪڵ°ҹ꣬¼õûʲôֵܣЩ
鷿ѰͯҲһĺͷ
˵ʱίˣǰݺݵסĴ.꣬һĥ˱ƶȾ.ί֪ҡ
֮ǰڵʹίʱЦˣֻ˭ô
û˵ֱܱ꣬Ӷ죬Ľ⿪´һӽа˳ȵĿɨϵÿһ磬ο¡
ҵһ첻֪˶ãźĶƣĪЩ.յȣҹҹΣò׵һ죬㻹Ҫһ۸ҡ
߬˷ȭȥʲôյҹҹΣѰ۸ûˣ
ѾʹˣܱȸղŸΪĶЩܲסҪǸոռѶ֪ô⿪浱Ǿþµ֡
ܵ͵͵Ц˼ĶЩһЩ̡ۣ
ͷ˫סĲ
һ㿿š
սҡ
ʳ֪ζҪΣڵĽýſϰݣȵͷˮѾûˣܱ֡
ճԡ˸˾Ķ
ػصıţڶʱɤӶˡ
ҪԼֽǶƵģûһ˿
ֲöɩԵ㲹ġ
и̣Ҫ˽ϴ㱻°˻ȥ˯һʦ˼ҲЩġ
¸ûгճ䵱˳Ľɫȥ˱͵հҪȥһ棬裬˽ղֻҪо⣬üƽЩ
ʦҪȥһġԥ
ܲɷ˵°ϱӣĴҧһڣЪһЪҲһգЩ˵
˲̣ݺݵһۣȥӬ㻹˼˵
ڻʮˣǰҪжȴƵ۸޲ð̽
һصʱͲ
ܵЦѹȥ궯˵ô
ߵɫͨ죬ŽסЦЦȺЩȻˡ
ͣ緹ʱ
ӱ̽СԴɲźΣܰ׵ݵߣ¶ȸոպá
ȵĿ⣬ֻûЩڣֻصƵģ򴽣Сʵôûȥֵ
һֱ˵ġ
ܴ̣۵׻һĨЦиճ׾ȥֵģôҲҪʮ£úǡ
ʮ£һϸˣСֹҼǵöʱֻա
ĴָȥǵգϤôжʱзЦ˵ӰأȥҲûʲô£Ȼȥݲ£ȻòӦ
ӰȻû£ڷ˺ӵĳȴܲߴߴ᲻ϴӦһ֮ˡ
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ЩʳɻϣհѽǺãֱܱ.ȥ˽һ
ȥ֣æȥȴһסС£ڻЦҲ㡣
š
ܰʵʵߣĺ󱳣˯ɣ㡣
㲻׼۸ңóɱһ˫Ưˮῴֻϧ޲׸ûС
һͿ޲ھͷѹȥúõ֪ʲôŽ۸
ĿӹˮĴ.꣬滹ŵ㱻ҧĺۼָ˸ƳĲŵۣأȥȴ컡
֪ۣһƣҹѾˣû뵽ֻ˼Ҳºۼ
ֵסɴ۾Сǽ䱸
ôСʵ
һ鲻Ըۣ㲻׼
ţҲܹɵӦ£°§ػ˯ɡ
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ܴǰʲôպֻˣ˭Ҳû취ٰ߸ߡ
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ЦЦ°Ͳ˲գ޲ðĶ͸
ӵ̫ˡ
.
˼СӣҲùˡ
ڹ˽ĳݣһԴĵĿеģشֱ׳үͷĵҪͬˡ
ʱȷĥˣĿⱻ˵ˣܱ۰Ͱ͵Ĵյ˽ǰ
ҲȥܶɣֻѾʼʵˡ
ĿħצߺߵĵٸҺҾ͸˵ҪסʱΡ
һů͡СֹţȴΪʵĲٶˣ𪻬С˵Ҹůů֡
챻ĺ޳ܾˣִ˴б˵ǰôûƤôأһ첻ڣڵá
ܰС֣д˼ίڶˣң齡
Ī봷һ١
Ϊʲôû
///ȣ֪۸Ҳ۳
ôգҪúЪЪС
Ҳ֪뷨ֻǱڵķˣ岻ʣ֪ţһʵ֤
˺ܶ౾书ؼͼ֣ͼֽڡ
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лҪ˵רûдŶ
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098

ܹΪůһ·С֡
˹, ڳĹ·ϣҲû, ԭЩ, ЧҲˡ
С, ֵ, ټܵĴʵů࣬ȳõ¯, ֲط
̵·ϣĵȫ˵Ľոûôˡ
浽ˣһ, ѰӹŵĵյĹҲ͵, ڶյ軹Ӱ, òĸ۵˺ǣ
ЩһӸƭûܣߵЩ
ûкܴ, 䲻˵Ǳ, Ҳǿùȥ书ǿ, ƷҲ, ȻûвļҲס
еҲӱ˾͵͵ġ
ۣ츳, һֺõ࣬ƫƫľͨ˼룬׼үΣӽԺñʰһ١
Ҳƽﲻ֪޾̬ҲýЩһϿΡ
ôܾɴֱӵNɪôȢģ
ǣֵ߽ĵֵһۣ뷨ıϡ
Ҳúúɱɱ磡
񣬽սžͰѽֵܱչţֻü
ʣôôЩڣ˳Ƶͷȥ
ü
ܾýЩ
⼸տɺãбԾɱֵܶŵܣѽеԼǰûŷͷǲǳԲߣŶЩ
߳ջͷһۣôûˡǸŮģ
ʰͶˡ
ӽ˺üԵն»ֻ¶Ҫˣ߹ȥｪ磬С⼸ôû˯ãٷæҲҪעӲǡ
ֵ̧̧ۣôԶһˡ
һ٣ûü˵ʲôߣǴȥ˵˵ú׽׽
ǣ֪ˡһɵİק˳ȥ
ͱСͷڻߣϳɳ۵ƣԵС˼֣ʱǰæܴĵ˳ȥ
үдָơ˲±īһֻȿϷı顣
ܵɫʱЩڣҲ壬˳ëʻ
һһƲзǣҲûôԼˣĥǲϢ󣬽߱㲻޵дԼʲôд
ȴдˡ
ǽģС̷ֵֽȻдۣЩ֡ûüŰ
ָʹýһ۶Ҫ˴дñ˾ָʹд־Ȼ˽ӵ꺢ͯ硣
硭ܸſڱ㱻߶˻ȥҴ磬Ҹ㲻ס
ԽҶ硣ߡơЦЦ
ɬףûƤг
гҲܷŹԼһʰˣúܿЩˡ
ڰɣʹڰɣѾȢˡ
ҿһĺѧȥԺ飬ĵǻʼҰģһ˻¡
һȺȥδһɻԽܡ
ܺԥڽң¾Ͳͷ̫ӵˡ
ôܽͷԸΪǣ治ɷ˵İö¾ôˣͷҸī˵һ
ƾʲôֲ벻ӡ
ľԴ˰ô죬߶ԴľΪ⣬ĸ飬ȫܷĻᡣ
û취ֻ
ȵŵʱ£һڴĿ˽գҲԡ
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ո൱λ
ż
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˲ŸճףȺûأټ˵Ůӻѣʱͬȥ˹Źأ½СٵҲ޷
ʵڼѣҪõҲ㲻ô£һ⣬ѾǹԲˡ
ţȵ׽ʱע⡣
ŮҪֻзҩȶ˱Ҳû¸߽͵͵ǰľ
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ʱľܴ˿òУ޲ǣŽȥǰƼȦ
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ƽһΣܱ齡
ֻһ.£۶ûڽº˺ü裬溮Ʈѩͷů
ܷǰĥһĿϴ֣תˡ
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⼸ЩƮ˲ˡ
Ͱ͵
ȴû˿Сʲô˼
ܲãҲҪӵģ˭֪Ȼ͵͵ȥ⣬ǲС
ûи
ܼԭװֿҲ˲˰˷ʵʵĹǰͷ˵ʮͻС
ʮŮŮӲɫûлͣѵͲҪӣ
ܹѽڣȺӰӪͬүӶ쿪ˣΪżЩһֱ
û뵽Ȼ
òᣬǾίǾܣѾ˼ҪЩΪãȴ֮ƫƫԡ
ƯˮѾȾһŭδȴίܶʱۼˣæȥ̽СĲȥᡣ
ûвҪܲر˵ֻŮΪգӱͲãαż
Ĺǣû˿ҪǶ˵ЩҪ
ҪԶֻн
Ҳûٱʧʲôζʹ࣬Ҳ뾭ڶΡ
ֻҪƽ֣߬һȥϵۣʲôԲҪΨ㲻ԣҪúõӣȹЩ˵òã
һҧֱϣȵҺ棬򴽣һֻֽ
Ϊʲô˵۾Щ졣
ЩΣķ˿Ϊǲģ˭֪
֪ˣܴչȥüۣԺ󲻻ˣұ֤
űɻϡ
ȻҲ˵ˣЩˡ
Ϊ룬ȴûϲ
ʱ´˹üۼֺá
˵Ȼ֪ˣ͸Ϸ
˵ʲôͷҶţæ˵´ٲˣҪô졣
һָȥ졣
ܶܿ죬Ҳǹ˳
ѱڵϣЩȴֻӲͷƤ
˯ɡ˵

ҲҪ˯׼齡

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099꡿

мƻϢˡ
ܱŴ˼ĵ, ûǰ˯ڽҲΣɻ֮ǰϱ˯, ʱЩζˡ
ƫƫĳҪѵ, , Ҳû˿ҪĿڵ˼, ԽˣӱԽϡ
ֻܹԹԵ, ֲǿЦÿ첻ʰ죬װµ߳ȥ
Ӱ֪һͻȻа, һպݺݲǲ˵ҪǸǱ˾һͬżѺý
κ֪ˮƽ
Խ̳, мＸֱ, ƽץСëץã㼦ëƤС£Ǳ˾ս
һƶ, ҪǱ˾һ
Ȼػɡ
κ֪ϱ۸ĺܲ, ͬĺø̱־ʣĴ
̫ˣκ֪ϼ, ָܵıӾͿʼˡ
û, ȥһ٣ۻ࣬ôܱ齣
û, ҲûǾκ֪ϴˣ
ӰȺ۸һ٣ɫҲ࣬ЦŵΪǾǵΰ˾ǾǵرָٰţκָʹǧҪи
κ֪ˣǱ˾ָʹĻܲñӴģǽ˵
үĶˣκ֪ϿһǷҺܶǮģԴܲǸ˰ɣ
һ۵κ֪϶ʱҿˡ
Ҳǣ˹£˭Ա
κ֪ϴӵ˦˦ӣߵǰ˵ֱŤˣô˵Ҳһˣŵ˾ͺȥʲô
ٴαͬţܺݺݵɱһۣתˡ
ֺγúú壬ϧȫȻһףҪѵɡԽԽܣϰͲζմţҲίʵܡ
ڳիӺܿ͹ȥˣȵҪʹʹ쿪ʱ򣬽סˣԻѵһ١
ܱ̼ͷƤ飬һ϶κģ޲ϡ
ڶܾԼֿƮˡ
̣
ֻǽߺͽȥԺ⵽ûƸɾ
ܰӰһˡ
ҹرֻϣԭڳְҲӵأھǵֻʣ϶īһˡ
Щ棬ûסܽȥʽգҵ͵ҪȫھҲʹãϲǸ֮أΪְҲΪࡣ
ȴûӦԲȥЩû취׷⡣
ǰѾǰȥһۣݣѲˣΪֳȻʮ⣬⸱ģձҲκ
ǵЩֵܼĸң㲻·ֻֻҪһЩǿӲһµˣҲߵֵز
ϧֺ
ܲſ˿ãǰҵ׽ܻЩڵҲˡ
ѾҲûЩ£ת̫Ķӡ
κ֪ӯ˴ˣ̫Ķӻûж浹ҲżԺɿյģ֮ߥŽһϡ
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˭֪ձЦˣⲻǻûü˵Ϣ̫ҽѾѹˣ㡪
պһ٣ɫǿЦЦҲż㻹Сء
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ŮǾһѹأ½ͻСЩ׼ʲôǿ
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ȻҲΪŽǣҲûʲôõǵˣ漴̫Щпվͳȥ
ֱ˵ôҶڸҲţﻹܲ伸áЦе˵
ոɿڰȥȴĴЩϲɫ
壬Ǹģտġ
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û뵽յԸһĳϦҹʵˡ
κ֪ӯ̥ͷ̥ȴ༫ãȽ·ݴˣ̫ҽȥ˸õϢ
Ǻһ˫̥
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Ҳκ֪ӯСϰ䣬ӹǱһŮӶҪ׳һ·ƽȵĻ̥ʮ£붬˳Ĳһ˫ӡ
СһﳤһģһƢҲȫͬİڡ
Ļʹ˲˿޳Сһ絽в˳ɤԼĲڵýָֻѰĸַչš
ȵϦҹʱСһѾᷭˣﻳһɫĽ´üƯ
նǸཱུСƵģȥֻŵζûסСһﱧ
СʱɱԶˣ˭ɵЦСһͿޣ˱Ҫһ˵
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磬㱧ƲԣЦ˵㻳ﲻҪҸɲҪһ
߸˵ɲǣСʱ뱧أϧʲá
ʱǵСʱҲģϧûξͱˡ
ʱŷˡ
ᵽζͻȻθ￪ʼģֹסĸŻ
ŷæǼ˳ȥȴûʲôתСЩףæ̫ҽ˹
ԼС۵״ЩЦ⣬ȵ̫ҽԹİȷȷϲˣղ˿һӣζܴŻȥ
ܽŵðһ㺹סС飬𶫹ڵСһĬĬһ̥ǸŮ
ǳһƢҲ˰źá
ȴȫһһ̥ǸӣóܶһЩлСʱʲôģ
һúðûܵõĶȫǰ
ѩ׷ɣҹɫīȴһƬϲ֡
ҹʱ֣İѩҹһ㸧Ż˵ӡ
˪ϣüһ統峺
һͷ
Ůϲ֣̫ƽ
Ը˺
˳һӣܣȡ谮
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