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 1 

ҳһĴӡ
һ磬ĵĹ㳡ϾͿʼŵƽʴ̨̨˺̺˺ɫĲϺͰ˶˵Ĵͮͮ϶мһ÷·ҪѪĺվɷİ˸֣
µһд
ѶǼ˹㳡˾ӶࡣԱؽֵĺü¥˰·ϡ̨ϣݶ϶ͷܶϿջصӵĳ
𼷣𼷣
ǰȥò
Ҹʲôأ
үﱧǸӴ򣡡
𣿡
ҲңҲȥ˭Ĳң
ϵĲ⾯ߣǿ/Χ/ӦԮǷͻˣмΪǰѹλã¥ϵĲٶ书ģȻɾͲýˡ
Ǳ߱ϼڵšǳӵķ裬Ҫ³ߵʱʲôд֪ԼԼᡢ֡ǣǣ֡𣿻Ϧƻᣡ˽ڣ
ֻֻ²ۣ˵οЩǡͦǵأڴдŽţд˷ܣ˷дԾԾԵӡӦöǵɣ
̨Դһɷнµضܶͷ
ʦ㣬˵𣿡
ɡ
һô찡ҪѽƷȥ𣿡
Ȼ
˶ˣҾǲ̫ˣҪҪĳˣ
ء
Ҳԣĳ˵Ļ벻ô죿˵ǰɣ
ᡣ
ʦôô϶
ᰵƳһ۽ŵֵʦׯΪ롣
԰Ϊֵһ룬Բ̱ˡһͷÿһչԼòĻᣡôһ룬ׯ͵ˡ
ʦȥĶ
ᰵȥëʺӡ
ôˣׯһ㶣˵ظ𣿡ô붼ģС͡ˡʲôһ
ǸİɡĬĬؼӣ룬ǵһƺŸֻǡСĻ뻹治һһ⣬ο۽ûм˱˵мμֱ
ǡׯΪˣڸĻüҪҪʦ˵һϢųȥþˣڸҲĶˡׯʱѾѷǰˢˢĺ˺Ǻ
µһȦȦ˴ôʼˡ

࿪ϼţ᰺ׯʦ̤ȽĲȻ̨΢΢̧̧̨֣˾˲䰲
ιιͳһȣɤӡ
λͬʣˬƮ㣬ڴ˾ۼϲõ飬Աľӭ׽µһ°ؿһۺ˶٣˴ԣŮ˻ƽգֻҪԲμӱ棬Ϊ췽ҽһ´ĸλί
˳źָķһһ˶ߵĶ̨ӣĽܣλίһһ̨˶˶ʱը˹
ȭˮɽׯׯɽšЩͷȫˣʦǸϺжԵˡǶô߹£
˶ʱɣ޲̨̳ԼΧȺѾвҪˡ
ۻ˻֣¶һ˿΢ЦʱҲǸӣֳһҪȹӢ¾Ҳʣ̨»вŮԺĽΪ˺䣬̨˷ǵûǱһԵļС
ΣҴҺɤӣ˱ĴĻϣɣ߶ȣҪȡʼһϳ
̨ϵЦһ˲ʧˡ֪ղжţĳ˶ٺãǸûڸղų֡
ʦᰲһѣû°ɣ
û¡ҡҡͷת̨ǰղ̨ͬķΧʮ࣬˵ǷǳˡһľʱСݣۼϺĸ·ָ֡Ǿۼڴ˵ĿģµһͷΣǡ
ħ̽롣
ǵģĴֻһӣΪֻͶãͬʱԴ彫ʿ֪ؼᵽһ𡣾㵽ʱǲж֣ǻеô
밮ĺʵ˾֪˲ǲһ㣬Ҳǲ룬һ棬ҳħϳԶҲ㲻ϴУ벻һϢȻǲ֪췽ѾɢϢˣһ棬˵ϢˣҲкܴʲꡣħȻ£ħȻ粻ͨ޹롭òѹһǲġٲã룬ڳ˶ڣ´򲻹ô
ȻˣһСǱһݵĿġܿһۣҲֵˣ
ǰ̨˼Ⱥȣ̨˴ʱŽţá
³ɣһҪú칦
Ÿˣ书ɲ⣬򲻿ɵġ
˵ǡ
ǰĪɾ衣
ָǰ˵õķֹԴƳһۣȷһϵĸλ˶׼ˣ˺̨µ
ǵһΧħ̽ˣһɣħ̵ķˣʱǾ֣Ҳһܳŵס
ɰڴһ٣ݲ˿
۵ȥȥһˡһԴϽסׯأʦأ 
ׯһ㶣ǰͷƷأ
ʲôְżϽǰͷиŶأŴʲô֣
ʦˣղ԰ŵĻءׯ˷Ļ𼱻ǵȥǰ̨Լʦյϣһ־żǷƣһ͹ӣζؿ̨ϵı
꣬ꡣ
ò۾̫ˣȥ׳۴ġ
̫ˣָߣԵе㵥
Ҳ֣ոպãǡеߡֲõʦ߷֣ͬѽ
÷ߣֻղŵɶһȫɥʧʣϧϧ
˺˿Ů̼أϲˡ 
ʦ㣬ڣ㻹˼أׯ챻ˣ˾ܡ
ﻹ߬Źӣֵؿׯһۣˣ
ûׯץ񣬡ʦ㵽Ϊʲôô侲ѵһ㶼ŵ𣿡
šΪ
Ϊʲôׯһ
ᰰѽϣΪҴ򲻹
ׯƹˤô
ۼűһ䣬˹ֵĻڣƷֵȴʧˡǰ̨Ҫһ̨ĸ·ֵȵԽĽʱ
ˡһŴ
룬ˡ
лҪ˵ղѽ

 2 

ˣˣ
̤ˣ
ΪʲôǺƶƣΪλүֻкɫôաԽ̨õøֳһҲΪ˾˼ҵϲ÷Ƥ̫ڵĻΪ˵ĺ۽ҲҪһˡ
ŵ˻û䣬ԶԶؾ͹һ˱ͻۣʱͼһںļϯѸײڶ֮ƷֿȺ̨
ħ̻ϳͻȻðĺ˵ݡ
˲δ˵ֻ򵥵һ񣬶ʱΧ½˺üȡ뵽Ǹղſ쵽ӰΣ˶ʱħɲ书ˣ˭Ҳ˵վǳһɫĶڿо˸βȻžһſ˵ϡſ壬ԭһܳĺ̺ǴӳŴʼһֱ쵽̨¡
ղŻ̺̺
ں̺ƽһ룬ȺһŲǽŲᣬڳҴ˵̺ͷһɫӰڻسˡ
е˹վʲôСͶ䣬ǹʶĿһһЦ䣬ԡӯ˷·̤ˮϣÿһ¶һīԺŶ΢΢Ʈ𣬱峿һգӳʰ쵵ĺɫ
ޱϣ֪ʲô΢΢һ˿Ц˲ˡ
ޣģִż˿档
绪
ķ绪
˵͵;һͨһˡ
ͨһεˡ
ͨͨһʱ䲻˱Цˣ˷
һգֻ˱֧Ŀ־塪òȫλѹĿ־塣
һʼֻǱòסˣȵһᣬҪں̺ʱ֣Ƥû̧˵ӱӲͣڿУת˸䣬Ȼշ˳ȥ߰ףšءһ׹ڵءۡѪˡ
ˣ
ɫ۵ģ˲ѹɲˣֵߵ˰
ǲǲ
붯ƺƬ̼䣬ߵյ㡣ż΢㣬ǰµһٿȻڷոأӱһͣƫУ粻պڻϣȻһУбαϡ
µһôе˼
̧һָ΢΢һ㣺Ȱɡ
ˣ
һ·лл
ίϯϵĸŽһ񣬲ɽɵŰֱıһƣȴ˿ԣΣίϯϡֱֻ۱ļⱩ¶˿̽ŵ顣
ѾôԹԵ̾鰧Թˡ
ʲôʹˣͷСͷһȣ
ôһЦǺãְɡǳί˵ģȴʼûǸ򿴹һۡ˷ӦĦȭƵĴǰľ
ˣ˵ǿ󵽶Ǹмһˣ
Ʒֵأҿ˿ѵûмƷֵġô
β΢΢ߣǵĻһһʧǲʲôϾҪŭ
ˡӦһżǷƾҪǰ̨ߡ
ׯ
㲻ȥһסᰣǲɵǿħ̽ô죿
ֵؿһۣҲٻͲ𣿡
ׯеҾȻ޷
УǲȥׯһѱסᰵĴȣˣסӡȻ֡
ʦû
֡ׯļĵҲȥˡ

ָָۣɫ
жˡеźϧˣûħ̽أ֪˵еֵһ׳ʲôǰķӦӦò̫׽ĻԺܹôôأôһҲ
ᰶʱ˸ɾ߬еĽ޲õһȥдħͷ
ׯͻȻһɨѪڵʦ㡣Ů˵˼ĺѶ
ǰ̨Ļ䣬ɽͻȻһİľʱըѿ¶Դһš
Сɽźȵڵˣ
˵գλŷǰڳźõͣΧס̨һѿ׼õĸ糱ˮӿͣסпܵ·
ʱ佣ţɱ
̨˻ڸղΧ˵ҷΧУûӦΪʲôתۼվͱˡֱ뿪ڣǲŷ׷׻ع֡ӣΨ̨˵ע⣬
ԭǴⰡ뵭û˿Ⱥ⣬ûȻһɢɢӡλħ̻ƽƵ֮⣬Ҳͬľͷһ޶
˼ǲȻҲȴ˿վı󣬳Զݶ˸ơΪȷһʧǻðĸ֣Ǳڸߴ׼룬иȻһӵϣû١ԣʤ׷롣
Ȼ˵͵Ϯֶβô¡ǶԸħ̵Ҫʲô°ҪǶħ̵ˣħ̾Ҫǲ£ǲ£Ҫ˲£ʱ벻¶ˣ
Ⱥ˾ĬĬţУΧȴǵȵԽԽã
ѵҪׯ᰼üŪ۵
ڱľͷˣ˭ȶ˭ˡ᰻һ
ׯȻȻûʦޱգʲô˼
ħȣɽŵıԵʮַḻһʼǵ⡢ɻٱɽǾʧ롣
㡢㡢㡭˺ܾҲûȵԤеļɽ̲סڣ֪ˣ
ͣЦˡǱˣôȷʵ䲻ʲôӡ
ڼʿôҲôҪվ˱ŵˣַһЦ
Ϊ壡شֱ׳
Ҳԡ̧֡һݣҪʼ𣡶ʱ˺ʽĶȴ
ֻϸַɿ̧Ȼ󡭡
ԼϧôҲûá
ˣ
ˣ
ɽű͵ȵĽⷬһʱ߷ѵһаɣ˵ǰֱȡš˼״Ҳڱ˿أˢˢħ˹ȥ
ơȭɱڣֱڽⴥͷһ̣Ķˡ˵ʱʱ죬ñԴ˾ƽƵģһԾ𣬽ż΢΢һ㣬գɱ˰ΧȦ֮죬Զ֮ϣڳĸŲ
ĿȻ뿪ˣ˸ƣֻŹǰȥҲգħ̽ôɱģɱ˽ɱҲá˳ȦڵĻȥ
Ӵ
ۡ

һñϣ˲ҽҿ˿ôˣ
ÿϵǣ
ŷ֣ȻҲ˸ղŵʽ书Զ֮ϣǽ
ǸеúڳԹϿϷĺˣвģǻʤô
ʱĸѾȥ˴룬ˣѾûлͷ·ˣҲϣҲϡӲͷƤУȴ֪ôģȻֽʹˡѾ˵֮ȴӲʹؿڣΡ
㡭¶ɽһѪɣ
ȴǵصͷûҾôֱɣ
ܣȭɤӺ
ôܣĽ͵ѵû֣ҹ̸ʱȵĲеô
ϻ豾ǡɽ˵һ룬ĵɴ˫ۣԭ㣡
ֲͲˮͽ̫ܲԾȻٰģԭ֪ǵļƻΪǿˣ
ҡһĳ˵ٰǸУʵǶԽ̫ˣ˵߳һţװѲɽˡ
һֱվ뱳ĺۺĳ̫ˡΪڼһֱûҺȲˮڵûжֻڳ书ǿĶŵˣµǳŲ˶ˡ
ڳмʮˣÿ˶˶Ȼ书ǰȫֵһᣬܲס˶ڣ˺սҲмʤġɡ
鷳̲ס̾˿ģҼϧʱ˿ûòҲ֪ˣ̶̵ֻһ룬תӭս˵ӭսǴת˸ȦѡɴͷѾ˱ɢƷڵأʹħ̵ʽ
û֣ȴκ书ݵʽ
̶̼룬Ѿ˵ءٵҲ̲סð亹Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɣǴ򲻹ˣ缰ʱֹ𣬸Ͻˣ
ʦۣȴĿѣڲϡϾҪһסͷ񽣵ĳ嶯ɿתӣһ͵ۣĶסˡ
һϮĶԹƮīסۡţֻһһֻ첲ɿزһͰƬ̣Ŀĺʧˣһż˹һġ
ӣ
ˡ
綼ˡ
Ρ
ž
Ȼ˭ûӦ֮ʱȻһָӡ
ԡոաħ̽ǡ
ˣ



 3 

İŻƳܰ룬Թֱ졣
ܹ֮뱻Ҳһˣ˵ơôôԾѵħзʽҪ§һܼЧ
ԣûĻղǲǺһ䡭ӣ

˺֪صɴۣ·Ҫ̨ϵ
һƻ֮ʮʺָӡʱޱ˵ϡǵûз֣§øˣֱȦסᰣһָֻʶضһ£ֱֻͣ˰գʶشȥ
ҵˣڵļ
Ȼ֪ӱ޼£᰻һʼյͷܼסһߣõưոһ
ǡͷƺҲ̫ԣڱ§뱧ڻ۾ܿƣײϣȻŸߵ¶ӿա
̫ˡ
̾˿̧ͷ롣
Ȼÿˣ㶥ŰӡҲһĺÿ̾òֻ֮࣬΢΢ظеЩû뵽ǻַʽط꣬û뵽Ȼħ̵Ľ
ô˵أȻ̺⡢ѿɲûʲôź;ŵĪһǰ˺ͼеһһԺȻ̲סԭ
žָܰɡ
ЦᰣѹֵŨصһ
㡭˵һ֣ƺһ͡
ôȼΣ̧Ҫȹȥȴ͵ؿס߬Ҳǿ˳֣ߣָ⡣һ£û֣ܳյøˣͷʹ
ˣˡ
ᰱ̩ɽѻŵһƥҪŻѰ𣬻ͷˣˣ㣬ҶǳˣҲǲôôڻ
зɿŶԲߣ䲻ĵͷ㷢𡭡ŵʱ򣬵Ǻϲء
һ㶣æ³һȻ󡭡Ϊ̫̲ס
뱻ӶЦˣֺɿᣬȴʵʵذܱڻ°͵ķĦ
Һ㡭૵м̫ԶǴ̾Ϣ
Ҫƿ־ôͣڰ·ջشһͣࡣ
Բ˵ҶԲ㡣
ת̫ͻȻֳ˶سľУþò԰ΡΪƹˤһֲٿ⣬˵ֻһѺõĽء
һӡӡ
һӡӡ
ᰣ
ǲǱ̫˵㰡
ȿȣָ˴ļ򣬡ܷſһ𣿡
ɿȴûջ֣˳ĸ첲סӡߵСҡһСѵӣһȥһ
šʮĵؾܾȻɿذԼӺӲһ𣬴ᡣ
ǳɰ
ˣ᰾òһĽˡΪΪǵķֿΪĲ
˭ڸʲôûκα仯ûκ³һ̾䡣Ȼ޿κε룺Բʧˡ
ù濴΢΢仯ʵǡȥĶȥǷű˴һɰʲô˵¶ء
ĺݰ
ûϵЦһһģӡ
ŶСᰲϴˣҲӡ
Ҳԡķſᰣɷнµص˵ͷһ㶡
˵ҵӻҳԺóԵģģ˯ŵʱĸҴǣòлϲҡ
ҲŲϲأᰲѿڶתһ룬ԣ˵ӲϲҪǲϡϵˣ
صͷƶᷢΪޣײ롣˵Ż˻һӣ˵ᷢͬģ˵ȻǷˣ͸һġ
ġ
жûƺأõΪֻҪûᣬֻҪ˵ԶԼҲǡֱٴαװ׵ؽ֣ЩΪȴļ䡢ѶûκӰĻ棬ȫһԵӿ˳ѾõҽͻȻҵͻƿڣӿ
ԭΪġȥĶȥˡֻʱѡٴοĴţҪķɡ
Ҳġ
ǵſںߵֻ֣ҪϾͺˡȥ顭Ĳټˡ
ǲǿɲ˵㡣Ŀӻе̧ƤȻһĶᰵϣȴǱ󣬲۾Ƶģʱ˵Ķ򡣴ʱһֻ΢΢̧𣬹ָצƺʱָܶЩϡ
׼͵Ϯˣ
Բ𣬴ˣ
ôһţᰵĺ˳ࡣҲûмɵ˼ǷԸʰɾ
ǳһ˵ģֱضᰡĵȻһ˲;úһʹһߣûüڣ;ǰһڣ˹ȥ
һѺĵسսת⻭棬ڶĽ֮ɱˣȴû뵽ת֮ͱô̼Ž뿪ıӰһһĴȡ

󻤷°ͳƬ̣Ʈ˻䣺񡭡
Ŷһ˷ܵش֣Ͻʰɾǻȥְɣ
󻤷ͬص˵ͷ˶һۣתͷд֣˷ܡ
һٶ˥ߡħ̽ˣɽŻԲѣ˵ˣжж⻹;ֵ¡ƻʧˣ˵ʿ©Ƥڿµ崣һڵϣҲˡʱȫûһʼƣΪ뵽ħ̼ķ񱨸̲ס⡣
û취Ҳ򲻹͵ϮҲ͵ϮУֻܸϽҸɽֶţǿάӡ
ҡȿȣߣĳڵغ
ǲŲأֻǡֻжˣҪϽȥˡ
ԶԶԣǵƣ
һʦͽٵתȻ󡭡ӷɿûӰˡ
Ĭתߣɨ֮˶ǳ֯мɵĶˡ
Ч
˴˱˴ˡ
һԼɱҪ뿪еӵءȴּᶨغȵȣʦȥĶˣ
󻤷һǸղһֱˣϼڵźǰȻƺ£ȴûĻǵͬŲʡ
֪ڷ˵ϣǿ׼ɡ
ôᣡׯ̽󻤷һɣˣʵҪʦʲô
󻤷룬֣µҪ˵һһͬص˵ͷ˺ٺЦ뿪ˡ
ʲʲô
һݺׯͷϡ
ħ̡ȻҪ˵

Ǹɽˮĺõطﾰɫ£紾ӣжȼ١¡ŽĲ֮ѡݺܴԽɽԽ࣬ҲԽӡ϶һɽ˴˼ֻвļׯغӶӡ
ＸˣżҪˣͻ뿪ׯҲԭֻһĹɽϡ
Ĺǽϼصһɣȵ𡣸׼ȷ˵Ӧýгû֪Ĺʲôʱ򽨺õģҲû֪ʲôˡһ·һĹ򣬽ϾðôһطôһɣôһȺˡ
˵Ĺר°Ůӣ۽ˣƽգѾŮӲⶾ֣
˵ҪôĹˣȫȥ޻أôĶ֪
˵оüԲŲʼݣֻҪŮľͳͳץߡ
Ż˵
վһ©Ľǰʹգգ۾̧ͷϷ˶Ҷ
Ĺ 
ᰣ
ɣ


 4 

Ĺ
ġ
ġ
͵òɣ
˳һ̧ͷȥȻûвͷȴǿģʵġΣ
ᰣá
á
Ϊ֪ͼǣֵ˼νġʾ顣ϷʲôŲغǺǺǺǡ
һ̱ûбѿĵʵ뷨ڼ˽룬Ҳֻͨ仯ͺƵʲ¸߰˰ˡʱ˿̣¶˻˼̲סǼ٣Ҫۿ˲֪ôȥô
ᰣ
㶼˰ſˣʽȥǲ̫˵㣿
ˬ죬˵̧ߡ΢΢һЦҲ첽ȥ
Ĺɽȫûд˵ư硢ɭֲӣһŵıɽׯ˹ǽЩ˵ֵĻ⣬ٲȻһƬﻨ;󡣽űСϪϪʰ׶ϣ׺ʯĳعˮ鿣ɸԴľ׷Χ
ܺãôµׯ԰ʺϽݲؽ
һ·ȻûˣЩ⡣ûݺ衢ƮʲôģôҲмħ̵°ɣħ̽Ѿ쵽زô
ƽʱסڴ˴΢΢ü͡漴˷ܵղ͵ۣǲ˭ˣûҾòˡ绪ٰ๫
ᰣǰôûϷôأ
Եͷ۹۱Ǳǹģͷһ·ǰߣ̧ͷþգһ·ûٳ
ˡ˰ΣڿڡѾѧˣԾؽţ˸ӹԹ£࿴ʣӶûתŽǰԶĵطһմͯӡ
ӣôǵȲҪ𣿡
šԣססҪ
ӣⷿ䶼ǰǴǰլӲõģɻ⣿
µ
ˣ˵ǰʱûü飬ûϵѾˣţø㿴
̡̲סˣ
ʲô飿᰾ʹԼԵúƽܵһ㶼档
ѾӼϵзһҳֽűƵģСߵǰʵ
ף㲻֪ڽ鶼лġ
üͷһֱûʲôûȻ
ǸʲôĿ˵ƾûзɱ֤ص̾˿㱻ŪˣˣҲûط˵
ᰵĶǺݺݵǸʲôǰѰ˵˭ôŪ˰
۵̫ྐྵȻ֪Ӻ
һת¶οЦҺͲ˻顣
ᰱһһεֽע¶һ˿˿ֽͱݵǰҲƴǣؽӹ
ûͨİ汾ˣǧƪһɵĴʣعٸ˫ļ֡зǴдšݣ롱Ůļţдš
ġ
ᰵĺܸӡʱſںߵģȴûлɹֻһһġģ˰ֱ࣬ǷֱֿڣȻûġ
Ȼйװɵĳɷ֣ʵǣģףҲδȫǷѾĻԼʵݺ͸ԡȻҲһֱüƭˡĳ̶ֳ˵ȷˡһαװСľӪ裬һԼ
ǰʦͻȻһΪ˻ԼҪȥ顣᰺ܲ⣬֪ʦܲǼ̵ľ֮󣬾ʰ·ˡǰʦܿ캰صʮ·Ȼ췢ģʦãǧҪϽţû֮ǰǸĺһ١
һ·ϣվ͵أʦ˵Ҫҵ˽һָ״Сĺɫ̥ǡˣøʲôˡ
ᰴȥûнˣϼٻ˼ҵŶñˣҲ֪δ๫Ķ˽ӵָ·ؽɽ°һ˼ң֪˭ȥ
Ȼ²űͼȻسϡûҾȻ󡭡ǾϡͿسˡ
һʼʹ˷˼ܾϵ̫ˬ϶⣬Աˡġ֡ԷҲʣƽϣƺȤ֮ȷʵйһκദʱ⣬ϸû̥ǰ
ǼðġᰵʱͷƤˣһʱദɫ֣̲סôһģ԰Թ۲һʱ䣬һֱԥһֱûҵѯʡ֮Ϊʱ˱ʣҴҸϻ·⣬һ
룬ôƪɣҲǶģͲ๫
ȻȥһʱָûдΪרȥһأġ๫Ͱˣ˼ĵذĵ뿪ûдһƬƲʡ
˼ҸûҵôοԼǺܸɾ
ڿ
ᰵ߳˺
Ƭ̺ȵ񣺡ףİúϣûҾˣǡ
ʩʩȻߣûһŸ̤ż˵ﲮƵͽܡȫȻƶ
᰽Ųһ٣ͷ˼˵˵ﲮƲûŮӡ
᰿Ƭ̣Ѿתǧ˺ü֪֡ԼԭһˣԭԼӵĸ׵ر֮ģͷŶԸ⡣֪ͷʲôҲġԸ˵㲻ʣΪǵĬȤ֮ʲôġ
û뵽һʱȻꡣ
ϸϸվǷϼڵĶУģӦ׽ˡϼڸһģֻһѮŮţһֻһͽܣЩСһΡµģʦﲮƵͽˡ
ﲮһ͵ʦͽ˴Ӳκα䣬Ҳϲ¶棬ԺϵǡҪǡ
ϡǵãﲮһֱƣԼеӡ
ȻԭôֻÿЦ־ޱҡ
꣬ҵˡֻҪҵͺãҵͺá
Ŀڣĵ°ɡ
ᰵıӰֱֱͦţûжͷЦһߵߣٽûҶġ

ѵϲˣ

˵ĹĻغþöûˣ֪òð



 5 

ջ
ԭкܶ࣬˵ǣˣ˵ĹĻ̫ѴʳͦáȻҪǡ򲻹
֪ڶмָ飬˵ħ̽ǳϲŭ޳·ơҲһЦؽӣһָ̧̧̾Ҳ˵
ɽţЩ°ŮӣǸĳȻķɵ޹·ˡ
ĵĬĬΪԼһ
˵Ҫ£뵹ûֳô˵ٱϷǳƵᣬҲûһҪȥĻеľֵˡĪǡعںãֻǵȻĥŰѣ
ɪɪ
ʡԼ˼㷲վ⡣û˵꣬ǰһĵǰ
ӣң𣿡
ǡ
֪㲻Ըϣûϵˡ
Ƥʲôģ硣
ɤӣղŵĻ⣺ʣз𣿡
˷ܵÿҪҡβ͵룺
ΪʲôҪ£صػһ·ԭľô
İɣЦһҾҪ㣬Ҳò㷹Եķʽ
ֵôôᰶ˶ǣ˵л˵
Ҹ᲻ñ㣬ŪҡңһǶһ˭أ
ˣǡ˵תߡͶһˣԺҰ˳ҲˡϾѪܱȱѪǿˡ
ȵȡϽס׼ˣڶԺȻˣһȥɡ
Լ𣿡ǰ첻ǸԸôʲô۶ӣ
ܰҽ˰ѷ˰ᵽȥã극ǻԡٺ٣
᰽Ųһת·

ᰱΪ˵ŸǰһͨĲһû뵽ȻһĲˣʽḻþ񡭡Ǹոռ졣
ôһ룬᰾;Ծˣǵǳ죬ڡܸһٴ͡ܣǵʱ꣬ǵʱΣǵʱӣǽϵֻʱһģһ
ֲ⼸ûôӰԭǴ̡
ˣͲ֪ˡ
ǣô龰֣ҲģԶвһװ˯ˣҲԶ޷һװʧᰡ
ɡʩʩȻһƣ⡣ĬĬڶ£Ӿͳԡųţȴֶ˿ûж˼
Ӧһģһ
ᰵĿӶ˶٣Ȼ󡭡Ĵբз
˭˭֪
㷹ᰰؾصطźãһ̧ͷͼƮڻеı顣Ϊӱ˵лָǳʱſ졪
ã
һ㶣Цˡ΢ǳЦҲǷ·ɱεЦǡĺĻЦЦЦһֱ֪ΪʱġƵģΪħ̽ʱġġʱ˿̣ȴĺֿ̲ͯסҲǡ
ˡСķɿ
˼Щ㱣֪ôģСʱһ죬ʦΪ굽˺ɽɽʱ书ǳʦ Ҫ͵Ľ̵Ҳ鷳ԭûмʱ򸽽ͬȡ˵ײײشͬѾˣȥ·ѿ壬ǰһƬ󣬾ôˣ̲סſˡһһСͷʹ֮ʱȻ˵ǹ⡣
Ǿȱ˸ӣ©һڲݵϷ衢Ʈ̶ˮͶ¾ӨĵӰҹҲٿˣǻΪĻþ˷·ƶˡ˶סˣһƬհף֪ʲôվĳ˺£˻ؼң˺
ǲ֪ǸνǱө档ȻʦһᣬʱȻǵԺ
ʱ˿̣·ֻصǸҹɾܵʱ˳˺º߳ܣ̲סЦûбϣ̲סһ˿Ц⡣
ӣôңġתͷһϹӣϢŲԱߡ
ȿȣһϽԼǰȥתͷǰ
ǳԵӶԺס֮ˮ鿡˿̣ˮϷ̨ͤڲõõƻͨƺкϷҪ࿪
̲סƳһ룬ֿʼˡ
ӣһǸӣ
ңϷѵǳϷ
ǵǳ
ɾ̨ϴһȡ
ۡһڲˮ
ôһŮĺ𣡶Ϻøƨһױô°󻤷һ㣬ħ̵Ļ㲻ôɳİ
ȻѪڻں档һһ´Ϸ̨ϣаһЦڴ˳֣
㡢Ҳ
Ǻˣ𣿡
粻ܺˡ
ĬĬһѪ֪Ϊʲôˣǡѡһô۾ķʽ𣡾Ψ龰Ҫʵһİɣûʧ䶼ҪʧˡԣӦǱʧ޲Դ˫Ŀ֡
ٿһԵ룬ٲȻһȻûݵúܺáԼⶼ뵽ҿˡ顣
ᰣǸСغǺǺǡ
̨ϵıݻڼѾе˵ڶĻϧĲ֡ӣŰ£֮ȴӲˣ˷ĴѰңõȴѾϢ
ᰵ̲סӡʱ򡭡Ϊ˰ɣȻһ˲ǶʱôģϷݣ߲ݣԲȣѰô
Ϊûʲô飬ʱôҲһ˿ĿģͽǻľǶԵôϷأԸģԾȻΪҲһô
ᰵͷŴζˮ⣬һĻʱĶû֡
֪Ѿдȴżǽʱһӵա֪һֻСڹ꣬һһúˣɴֱҲôΪģҲû˵Լ˼룬СزԼʵݡ̶ֻ̼죬ֽչѾǳˡ
ҡ
ϡ
һͬʱ׾ٵظǹԥȴûƵģסᰵӣ˵ء
Ҫڣֺһϣ
üû֪¹ҸҪʱͷԸˣǸùĹòغõĲغãû±ǰƣǱڹ֡ôƫƫʱң
Ҫȴ˵ĵˡ


 6 

ĵô
ôô糾ôְ
Ƴһ΢΢ǵ룬˹ĹѺŮȻһٱĴţ뵽˴ŽԺ
ûйô뻹Ϊʲôġɲħ̽⵽˽ӽˣСĵŮ˳ֵô׼ʱֱǿŵģǾֻһֿܡ˽ġ
ǽʲô˼Ƿɣ˵жѾӵұͲںˣ 
أԭȻĿġôţޱϲ֪شһ˿š
ޣ顣
һϸ΢ı仯ȻУһӾͰʲôĵҩԺ󣬴սᰣ˫ӣڳԴ𣿡
ųԴأȫҶԴף
С˼ᰶʱ߳ŭʱҪڷһ뵽ļν棬˵ʲôһıףʱһ٣ԹԱ졣
ĳλ˿ıޱ仯üëûһ£ֻ컺ſֻϣ㶳ɵӻһֻСڹꡣ̲͡һЦ˳
ղŻƣͻȻЦˣħ̽Ȼ鴫ġ񾭲
ûȴЦСġˡᴷĿڣĬĬͣ㣬ûϢ⣡
һָƿսᰵؿڵ˵ء
ûд͵͵·ϲָĶֱӰӳȥٽʶȤȥ췣ȴһת˻ֵ
ϢʧƬ̺ӯĽŲԶش
ղôһ֣ǵ㲻׵ʱûˣڻЩſڣ֪λħ̽Ĺĵʲôģ΢΢ǰ㣬Ѿβס˷ܣǡڴʱ쳤ӵӸһֻڹˣһЦЦ֮ȴӿһɬޱȵ
һ㶼ںô
Ųͣ£һǳ۵Ӱͣ⣬·ûƵģſյϷ̨ᰵԹ·Ҳ̫ˡ
ڣҲ˼ֻ޵ű뵲ס˴ķɫӰƬ̨֮Ͼ˹һſӻŻŵ¶һǸЦݣһ·Ҵҿʼֵıݡ
ᰱרĿϷģɼܲסƶؿһƿҪɱȥһȥҪɱؿĨۺɫ½ǡҲǼƮȥĴ̫࣬Ȼڵô뿴
΢΢˵ͷϾǿ͡
üˣûܰݷһ¹ĸλˡѾʧˣôôأ
ðɡ˻֣ĹȻֹһ˹ȥ漴ִЩԹΪ㣬ҲŲȳǰأһġôοҿɡ
ᰣ
ô˵Լ檵ôȻײֱ̬Ĺ˶ôôȷʵϱûмӦûС
һ䣬Ѿɹյ֮ڣȻ첲һ̧شαϡԻ˸ƣƾһ䣬ǸţʮĮ
ɡ
ߵɢ䵭̲סᰴ˸˵䣬ѣҹѾƮǰ
μϡ˵ôãȴ˿ûԹԣͷ򶨵һһߡ°ݴƵģûվȣͳ빪񣬷ǳرܿᰵλá
Ҫĵĵˡ뺬Цᰡ
ĵŽĵȫҶĵ˼ֵĺòã
ˡһʱƽ˾һա
ʹҲұ¶Ȼع벻ڣҲôάһƣʵʵվšȻ濴Ź˳᰻Ǵ΢΢пһ˿
ô
ŲǸ书ģ֪ĸɵˡҪôԴħͷҧгݡ֮ǡ֮죬Ҫôǵսľɪɪ޲ʧǺټֵŽ桰ŭԡ
е˼
ȤϵЦԽԽź±ŵķһɨգſĵҲ˳˼ָ֣·֣˵ɡ
ĵգͨһˣϿȻѾҵˡ
Ļסˣ˵΢΢̧ᰵĳʱ̲ס΢΢ɴۣ漴ǱƵģ̵ͷٳֻǶ̶̵һۣ᰾ʹпɻֺ»һϲ
һ㶣ʶ
벻⣬ָסᰵķβӣĵϲˮȱˣȥϴѰɣٲȻֻҪ˵ͬ⣬ܰŰŰɣ͵ߡ
ؿһۣĵҲ˼ϴѰ
ˡҡҡͷ
ðɡʧֻ˻ӣһŹزġĵ뿪ˡ԰ղʵԺ
Ϣ뿪ڵ᰺룬ĬسĬţһε˼ʲôһϾص˿ڡΣᰵ𣺡ô֪ϲˮ
һڣʶˡǡĵ˭ǲʲôڣȻ뵽ǲʲôΪ֪ġڹͬһԼϾǾյĻװ׵ʾšǺ˲岻ġȻ仰ѿڶˡ
ˣֱΪͱ˵ңĵǱִݻС檡
֪Ҫôأ
ϵأ뾹Ȼûоס㲻ţǺĵؽ͵ǱˮУҾƣ֮ʱͼᱡҡñۼֿ죬סҵ֮Ȼһʲôأ

ҿΪأ

ͻȻҪȥ˯ˣҲЩЪϢɡᰴ˸ǷԹԵߣͷһЦͦñֱıӰпһ˿Ķӵζ
Ϊ£ΪϣҪͼ֮ųжȣյ롣ôͬĴɲٷ

Ժʱ򣬡ĵ֪ԼļƲ߳ɹˡ˵һ˻˼ûߣҲûԺ³ʲôԲðһԣΪľǵһˣȻ󡭡Ϲ
һᰲֻ֪Ǹ沢ɻˡ
һ͵μκιƽսӴ֮٣֡¾СĴħͷûţʵڲǵʲôʱĵôһˡҡϼڵƷŮڵӲŮǷڸͬĴ硣ᰵıֱͦüӢƽʱв˰ˡׯȻʦ㡱ʱǡʦֵܡ
Ҳƽʱѣôһ۾ͱϳɡˡ
˵ҪԺһԸµظ˹Իָ·ʵ͵ġԡѱ¶ʵĿġ
ˣòýϼҶ
𣿡
ûС
ԣ
ﶼôдѽӺͼҶѵС檵䣿˷ܣҪʶլˣɷˣҵȺСɣ
ˡ 
ɱѾ㹻ˡʱ俴լС˵ؼҶ˵ܰأ
һȻصͷҲԣһ͹ˡ˵¶ɭɭ·ŵͷĶȮ
šȮһ·Ժؽţȴľһ


 7 

ôˣˣһᰳٳٲţɻ
᰷ǽһ
˭ܸǰȺߣӡſȡͷͷŮǶİǹ檶ɽ´ũ𣡻һƬ˵أĸĹͨġ˼ɾʷǳ밡
˽еŮͣеĻƣһ񣺡ˡûмĹν֪ⱳ˾ħ̽ȻȻΪλˡͷ˸⹧
һĪص˵ͷɡ
ŮתԼĻϣýˮĽˮ÷صķأղ˵ղˣһȻ졢ϲͶֻżкĿͶһ˿Բ˷ܡ
ҾӦøҽһ¡᰺ܿ㻺˹ΪݺȴͶӡѵ°һȺŮΪƭ˼ҸֵأطжԣӦжŶԡ
ʹļ׵һѵõһ£ȿȣҲ֪һȦĻҪάٲЩЩ˵Ϊɣǿ֮£ģЩ˶йǮġ
ΪɡӲǿѡ
ᰣʶķ·ͬһ롣
ңһĵʱͶ·ˣµģǸֹģһֵģһ飬ûһǡ
ûһʲôһ˵Ҳûʡ˳ĬߣĿԽԽ࣬еӴģ̲סʵˣĽ𣿡
ãôôŤأ
ĵġΪһ˵ʲôֵֹĶ᰸Ͻڵ
ĵﰡأԷָԶСݡ
лᰵ˵ͷ첽뿪
ĵĵֻ꣬Ϊͷϳһֻĵĸλ͸˵ħ̽ǲסҲмס֣ԸĵԴˣĵͷĹˡ
һһĵĽţơˣʱ򵥵ĺ֮һм仰˵֪
һһЦ¶˾㤵һŰ᰷ȳȥɣԹţҳ
һص⣬תһ룬ôô˵ء
ڣȴ緽ôɡ
һžͿˣλǹġǹȵȥһǹ˵ķǳ浽ʲô鰡ƽʱ̱һײİ壬ʵǷǳԡǳ궯ǳ²۵ġɧгȣȣ
Ҳ˵ˣǰЩӽ˶Ƕʵǡʵǽݡ
˭뵽ɽε֮󣬲ûе书ʧֲ״ǡͺˡͺ˵Ҳν˴ñӳţ߸ɴ໻ͣһʱ³㿴ʦûͷҲһӢɹؼǣǵͷˣҲˣǵӵˣĳŮСܶƽ̹λͻȻһţҲ֢ͬ״
˳𲻹죡˳ĲΪˣ
ѹסҪЦĳ嶯̲סⶾµģķ񰡣
ŵܴ˴裬ضưոݡ˵·Ѿѭټһ·ˡսƵٲħ˳£һϣȻ´ҡ
˵´ҡʱأȻȫɱ֮顣
ᰣŶ
һ㶣㡢㲻żһִսʲôɵĵӣħ̽ķˣĸݶ㲻հ
Ŷ

һĲ˼飬ôҲû뵽ǳɵɵӣ˵ħ̽һƵŮˣȻϢ޶Ե̬ȡ
طҲʦŵģһϣַν˺ɣ겻ģٴγϿҵ
أޱ飬䵭
ԣ궨˶Խûи飬ɱ˶ԽδˣȰһģֻҵ顣
û˵ǰûʵһףһֶţֻһ䣬ǿ߼мֿŶȡ˲Ϊ˵Ϊ˱ȫԼ˵ûȷʵпԭȻ֪ĵ˭Ҳһȥ顣ɱǾ仰ŷǳҧгݣʲôƵģ²ֻǡᱡô򵥰ɣ
Ҳ˵ˣĵҺθɣƮƮһ䣬ʱĻҭɤۡûĸ˵ǹʹ˭֪˴ʲô̡˵ֱ롣
Ȼһѣ˵Ǻġ᰺޺޵
ᰲϻ̧žҪߣڱôˣҪʦ֪ħ̵˹һֻûڽ¶˰ɣʱȫ˶޲ðƤʬΣʲôأ
᰽Ų˶٣ȴûͣ¡Ǹ÷ййˣϾѹôã̬ģҪɡ
˭֪ĺĲδöԷй˶Էŭ𡣶һƷϮɫһҲ룬תӭȥ
ԷƣĽѱˣҲֻӭϡֻһУӿ֮⣬ۡһ³һѪĭ
ĬĬ֣Ǹ
û뵽־ô
һע⣬ᰳƵͬʱһŶ룬ûȳ֣ͼ˷һơ
ݵᰣ˺
ᰣ
״һݺݵ̱ڵϵ꣺ҶԷ˳֣·һ
ȵȣ᰸ϽסλĵϾǽˣǽðɡ
һ˵ǽˣСආֱɱҲνתһ룬ջͷȻˣ˾ȥ˵ɡ
Ͳ˰ɺǺǺǡôְʯͷԼĽŵĸо
أǳءһϿҵӲãһ˵ʲôô졣
аȡٴΪԼһʮʱΡ溦èɻ
ǰһͷһۡһݣߡһϽƫͷȥ
Ǹǡ ߵ·ͻȻһ⣬һʲôҲһŶѰɣ
ˣû˵
ô󻤷
䡣
Ȼء
ǸŮġ

˵ĽŲԽԽԽԽߵԺʱᰵĽżżϣµıϣһ˿һǰˡ
һΪ£Ͼһޱ˿ѵ¶һ˿أʵ˿ʲô
šͷҺȻһһݡ
һ쾪һˣϽչĵʲôݣ
ʵһʦ
Ŷ
ùġ

͡ԶĴһЦ
˵󣬾Ҳȴܱһʱüͷһ壺͵
˲𣬽Ų˳ŻȽ߽˹սǴһ֦ƮпһϮδƮƮȻǰվ
ˣһһ㶣æ¹ӡ
лҪ˵ùһʦˮһҡְҵڲ֡

 8 

¹ӡ
΢΢˵ͷüۼ䶼Ц⣬ᰣģ
һ㶣۾
³ʱЩˣˡ ʼھ˼Զĵط·ڿ㣬ַ·ûڿ㡣ǳǳЦ⣬Ȼɢֻºͣ޺˿κʧ
˵ѳɻˣϲ³Цӣͬ·
ǡСһ㣬ͻᾪˣҲģҺͽδɻ飬ܸӡ
³Ȼ˸ղŵĶԻ
ᰵͷ漴˵ǰħ̽书ǿϲŭ޳ŷɥ
Ҳ⣿
Ȼ
³ЦһתҲҪȥҰ룬һɡ֪ĿĵĶȻѾ͵ˡ͵ֱ׳˲ģͷһˡ
ᰵ˵ͷðæ𣿡
￴𣿡
ҿá
Ǳ㲻ðɡ
˲˰벽һǰһԺߣһ°ͣһ˿ͬѰζ
ûȽţѾӭ˳Զ˺ϺȦȦֻһˡ
ӣֻһ˹ǰǰһ飬û¶ɣ
һϡ˵һԣ˳㲻һͷĸǷôͱˣһƬģ
ᰲ㿪룬Ȼûܶ㿪ʶһ³Ȼ۾˼书ܺѽڱǰʲôġܹ鲻̫ðɡ
뱻⽿ߡתһ۴̵ĸֱۣһѳᰣҲԸԸ⣬ӱ˰§ڻߵˣϲġ
³εЦһСۡ
ᰴ뻳һۣˡ
ҾҪǡתϣӲᰰߣˣҪʱٴҡ
ٴΡ˵üأƺص϶ҳӵ֡
³£̸°ɡ
վȻˣȻȥˡղŵӣѾ֪£ûҪٶˡ
ƮƮذϣء
ţһ㶣һֱ㱻𣬷ϡ³һʧ񡱣ָ̽˹һᰵ󡣶ʱһ˳壬һ䣬Ѹٵڣ뵤Ϣ
ʲô䣬ѾЩˡ
ȴûƵģͳһϣࣺûû£ֻǿѣϾͺá
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𼱡³һֱվԭûͬ˵ǰˣЩ
ȻˣҸԵԵĶҪҲաᰶ³֪˵˵һԵ롣
һ͡ԵҪ˵ҪͲҪһƮƮġˡܴأûģֻܹԼģĵذĵرʵݣĵٿϱˡǲһжһˣ
أҲҪ𣿡е˵ϣһ˿·ϰһ衣
ᰶ˶٣ǿӣϣ԰ֵݵ³ǰû㿴Ҳûá
³ЦЦᰵͬ⣬ƿƣ׷ŸղעȥֻȻĲȴų⣬ԭʱʦҲڴ˵ˡֻǴʱһһȣ߽㣬ķӦһĶͷϾð亹̲סǰҲ΢΢ЩѣΡһҪסα䲻һ׽סˡֻȸΪƽʱһ˿붼ûСʶ߬ס֡ʵʲô߬סġʹ˴ģɱסȴ˿ʹƵģһûԡ
Σ³ջ֣һջص˲䣬ᰱ֣̱ϡ
δܹ˰ɣû´ĻӦǾˡ³Ѿ˶棬˼Ƭ̳ʵһ㶣ʧʲôģѵԴô
ȷʵᰵ˵ͷǶĻشʱ˼ˮȥ֮Ϳʼգܳһʱ˿ⷢκ
ô³ɫ֪࣬˵Ķġʱһʶᰣȴ󣬲֪ЩʲôֳֻҵĺۼжϳʱҵĴ򶷣֪˲֮᲻һȦףֻΪթ뿪ѣ᲻յؿһصĻ͹ʹ
һҳħ̾žŰʮһֿ̣Ȼģͺá
룬̾ͰˣѼӲ϶Ҳ˵ʲôĵĻΪѣǸˡ
ٺˣңҲνƭҲν㡭ҲҲνֻҪžͺá
ǵãǰϻɸɾģһ˶ûСۼġ³ô˵ֻ˷ֿʱܵˡ
ûƭø˵ġ
Ҳûʲô󰭡³赭дĻʱķ˴롣
أᰳ
ӡ³˶٣ް˼ǹҲԡ
ᰣ
˵Ϸ̫㣬ڹĨǵ˵ɧ
ȻˣȻˣǡ
·Ǿ仰ʹˣʼҲû̽һ¡ĵĿڷ˳룬ԼʲôʱߣϾôҲ¡˭֪ȻݱһֱĵӡΣֻĬĬ˷
ˣõʱ˵ɡ

벻ˡ
ŷ֡ûһһʺˣûµʱҲûкƵӰǰˣôﻹе㲻ϰء
žǼԼ䣬ȻһСķȥ
⼸Ҳܰ᰹ţϴôһ֣ԷҲˣһ֪أ˼ӦҲݵ˰ɣ㴫ݵˣҲȫԲϾҪɱ˭Ҫ˭ֲ๡
˵ףŷɥëȻħ̽ǷϼһССĵӣɱᶼϡֻſߡǣһ˿Цʲôޣұû๫ȻҲҪҵʲôˣ롣
еãΪ˵ãҪʲôĻԸʲôҪ
һڣ󻤷Ժĥᰡ
ᰱƬγĺһ첻Ļˡ
ȵȣ󻤷һŵһֳᰵӣһȡ
ᰣĵһա󲻵󻤷ôһŮӡ
أ󻤷̧һָ𣿡
ĸһ˵ôӶˡ
ˣ
š󻤷صͷ
ģһô£
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󻤷Ҳ̫ĬĬ˽ۣתߡ
ʱϿ飬ŲҲ̧ͷ춼챻סˡֻɿİɫ£һֻ첲֧ԴīӾ˳ӵش£ù߳ϲµ˶˼ֲ԰Ĳֱ̬ǽŲͣ£Ŵ¶ֻ۾ᰣְԴ˻ȥˡ
ӲͷƤһȴû˸Ƽ飬Ҳ֪ʲôôҲҳ
᰼̬䵭֪Ļ׻˵ˡҲãһʼıŤǼ˲٣лյĿΪֻЩ𻨸⣬̧ܸ֣һȥ
ȻҪ޳һ㣬أֻˡ
һ˵ô໰᰽ŵ롣Σϵ˲ŷ飬̧Ϊ𻨸͹ˣ
ȻĵڳգҲûбĿˡ
п𣿡Ȼ齡
Сÿ˴žǴţûп
Ǻá뱳¶һ˿óѵЦҳȥһˡ


 9 

ȷȥ
ôˣ
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Ҳ֪صûмôҡô˳޵̣ñʲôģͶôһȥôƻûǣͱɺ꾫ˡ
Ϊⱻɺ꾫ͬ᰺ܹϵĽ䣬Զĵطһ˴ӿ˵Ǳ꾫ǿŮ
˫һת֪ʲôɣһɧңûĵĿ϶һƲӣ˵侮ʯʲôġ
벻ͨЩ򶷵ĺۼģʱҲˣһʵǱ뿪ġʱ˵úأȺ˺ˣֲ֪ʵݣóȻǣԲһֱûϵûƭֻ֣Ҫһ뵽Щ͸˵Գ֣۵Ըӣʲôûˡ
֪ݣ֪ܻȫ㱾еġΪʲôǲԸ࣬׾ӵò׾ӵĽƭ
ؿڴߣ͸ķ϶⡣ʵʣתܴӱӰ￴ǶôİԹôôĳƲҵ
̾˿
ĸһȴĪ˿֪˻Ը˵ˣ֪⼸ôǸֲ䷨һˣͰȥԺֵءȻ̨Ѿݳˣͷ¿͸Ͻɡ
ڿʲôڵ
ûͷָڴϣˣ
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ᰣ
ںɳӰ˵ԼˣԼ
ʱóİ̾ᰵҭкܿȥˡû᰾ۡȻһͣ¶ž޾˵ʱ

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뱾ü˶ˣصͷ֪֮ûԼĳۡ
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ģ᰺벻ʲôֵͷ¶档
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ӭϰϲõõĿ⣬ӲͷƤ˽ǵ
ϰȴòˣ͵񿴼˾һˣĶҶúأһ㶼ûҶ˵룬ĵλүﶼˣǲǡǲǸá
˵ͷĵȥһӣţȥ
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š֨ѽһˣʰȥƵмһ˿ƣָҵҲãŴӦҿֱţ֪˶ٸָ㲻Ҫˣ˭֪ҪӵģҪҿӡ׵һԶġ
ᰳĬضŽż⡣
û˵˻ȥתȻһЦᰣҪô֤
˵㲻ӣ˵Ѿȴǰ˵鰮Ϸԡôô֤Ҫôţ

֪Ϊħ̽ΪһͨˣĽһ١ٶرĺˡҪʲôʵ
ֻǵô֤Լûи˰ʧˡʱѹӦʧڵġ
ɫܿͻָһ·Ҳû£öӷ·һ̣بᰵɤ²ʲȥ̵
ز󣬵㷱Ȼϵ˶ˣϰȴû㡪˵ûҶ㣬һɪɪؼȿ޻ѿЦźλɽġɽ
ĲЩƽճԵõģһͶ˴복һԴ˱ʾǳˣ˼ͣһҪýѪ򲻹ǧ
ƳһۣתһԵӡһҲľĶԼľƣƮʮζ೤뱧һ̳ƣ֪뵽ʲôЩ졣ľŵĹζ᰾÷ϤҪڣɫһ͵ײȥ
ײ˲䣬һȥž̳ĸ첲ٿȻչ̳֪ƵģԴҸ»Уһֻ첲͵һ̣᰿ڻڰ벽Զվ
һ̳ըѡ
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Ŷ·˭ת̳𻨾ƳʩʩȻ˳Ȼһ࣬ʱãǿЦ⣬һɱҵ˶ˣϼ
ᰣ˿ǺòҪ
Ĳȥˡ

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˼ʱͻȻһ˵Ϣ뾹Ȼİɹϴˣ
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ţᰲһֳô죿
һٺ١ЦԴһ˽ģ˵ˣ򲻹㡣
꣺ߣ
ˣᰲϴѡȻҲûɻŸ첲Զ̨ϣߵǷһһ񶾣˵һжҪңҵ˵Ҫңôޣ
һ㶣ң
ûһΣǲ̫ˡ
Ȼɱδ죬Ǳɡһ㱨ôĹҪɱ㣬ʱԡ
ܣ˵һʱ͵վᰵȻĿ⣬ֺ޺޵˻ȥӦҵģ
˽Ⱑζ
һ㶣ƫͷ˵
ɣԱ£ӭ˦ĺףʲôͷϢԸңΪҿԸ飬˵뷨ӷߡڲģֻҪ֪ͷϢͿˣŲšһ뵽취ġ
˰ɣǰ취ôԼߣ
ãԸߣǷߣ
궯һ٣ΣšһҵҪʲô취
˿е֪ʦܺʦϢûбǣĶȻϵǣϢ֮⣬һ޴ľϲ


 10 

˵ʲô
˵ڳǶĿջ㡣
ǸˣǴԼôߣôݣƤͦ׵ģ۾СǵƤ𣿡
ţһžͿĿİͰͣû˵仰Ϳʼޡ
ô˵Ǹˡʦܣ
ƭʲôûŲţ
лᰳϿҵһ취ȥġ
һ㶣ת˭л
ššͰ͵꣬᰿ʼתȦʦˣʦڵҲ쵽ˣȻϼڶˣҲ١ĴɱһѶţ׷Ѿ֪ˣò˶ãͻ֪Ĺħ̵Ĺϵ
ĻڶߣǲħսֻǸĵʦʦܵİΣķϼڵ١һħɿսϼڶȻСûа취ͬźʦʦˣҲûվĶ棬ε
˽ضʲôܣԴǵվȰ벻Ҫˡʲô˵һӣʵһǸһ׼£һҪɲС
ħల꣬ͻȻѣһвΪ֪顣
ԣƾʲôȰ֣
һ磬᰾̽һ¿ڷ磬ʵڲСʵڲо̯ưɣ
¶˾ģԺʱȴ֪ȥˡ
м𣿡󻤷ʵ
һɫһҲô
󻤷ɫŹ֡
š΢΢˵ͷ
󻤷֣µΪȫ˲Ҫˣ¸˵ͺáŶԣٸ˵ٿͻħ̷

ᰣ
ǣᣬɲܺˡ
شظߵ󻤷ĵطڳһ˿Ц⣬̲ס˷ܵش˴֡벻ڵĻ˵¡Ƿϻһڵʱ˵Ҫ¡һʱز֡Ҫ¡
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ܺãôؾˣ
ᰵϣšʱʲôûҲûʰֻŵ»û֡ĵţ˭֪һƵ´ľ취
ţʱߵСŻῪԺŮؼңǿԻСڳҲܸϡ
Ҳȥȵڴߣ˿û˼
Ŷᰵ˵ͷȻֱתˡ
ι꼱ˣ㶼Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊʲô
Ϊħ̵˶ɵԺ˶ǵǼڲģοҲϵÿ˵òͲ±شɸ𣡾˳ȥˣأͲ𣿵ʱɾͲǰô˰ɣǲ͵ܵģ취СȻĻ̲ס˸Ԥϰ
Ŷ᰼ߡ
㡢ôҪȥ궼ɵˣȻǷ޵Ҳʲô˰ɡ
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Դ߶ƴֻȵӭϡ˭֪
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ڳĬڳĬб̬᰾ãǷֿ䣬һ˺صĴ̼Żɳֱ̬·һȥʵǶδˣʵֻǡвɣ
úõĺӣô˵ͷأ
ΪһεˣԼຣţȥˣһҼýţԲ¶ϵġ
벻֪ᰴʱ˿ŰޡȥֻͻȻøġȣһϺõ廨⣬޲̰ааɣӵ峴ըһ顣
󾱣Īе㺦£ǽŰɣҲġ
Ϊھܾ˭֪Ȼͬ⣺á
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Σ㶼Щʲôֻ챻еˣղһֱѡ
ׯһ⣺Ǹħ̻˵ģ˵˵Ҫ㡣
ᰳĬ˼룬Ҿ㲻Ӧׯ

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ׯȻһ±ƣʦ㰲Ȼʱʦ㣬ģʦڵšţԴµķɡȭŵ·ɣԮһܾȥˣ
ׯ¶޷֮ɫħ̽ʲô˲𣬶ʦ㲻ͳͳɱ⣡Ħȭʱȴ˵ס

δңҲûСᱡҡһ취ʦǧҪΪҳ֡
ǡȵȣׯĵɴۣҷ·ǵ㡮ӡòᣬǣġ
ΪʲôׯԼ۱ڵϷȥѹһٱ顣
ҽ͡
ҲҲ
ˡ
ʦҴˣ                        
лҪ˵ֻȥ˵᰹Ųӵ
룺ȳ˵(&gt_&gt)

 11 

ʦҴˣ
ġ
ţ
ôˣ
ׯҿ˿Сĸǽж
仰˵꣬һŭ⴫ģˣ
᰺ׯ
˶һۣĬƿȻ󡭡һŴ嵽ǰ
ܣׯһӻץһ޵Ƿۣ
ҵۣ˲ҽһڵϹŶļͬȻûϵΣĶһ١Ƭ̵ĳɣһƿׯεڻȥ
ׯһƨˤ⣬æ˺ȣ۽Ƴ󻤷Ͻˣˣ
󻤷ɫһᵶ룺ûؽˡ
˵ͻȻֵĸģǱǽŷ˵ģȻǰѡšΪˡӡģ÷վ
˴˿п˵˭뵽һķϼڵӣȻô书ǿɱ֣Ϊ˽ҲͰˣƫƫЩ˳ĶɱУжŷ˵ǲ׽ȻвǸô
󻤷ȻҲ˶ߡЩĬǹУҴӦ£ᰡᰶԸһ껹УЩɱ֣˲·硣ЩҲżôĥǶŪĵƵģһᰲһһӱһţƫƫһʹϾӣ·ֱض
ĵ׸̾һ䡣
ˣĴˣһʼͲʶ룻ʶ룬Ͳ֣֣Ͳ䵽һҵľء
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ߣͷԣΪǴ̿ҧ޺޵˵գ˲ս׷׶ᴰ󻤷˿Ҫȥ׷䲻ٿȻתƴ˦һȥעһɱйʮȻ̽᰽£Ա޿ɱܵػؿڡײ⣬ǽжһڵء
׷󻤷˲ǵѪδһǿϮ͵˵ڵء
ۡ
һѪתϡ
ׯᰱʱ˹ȥý˽˸ʱ˿̣ŲߣҡȥҴߣ
һӰƮû˭ׯһᣬ˱ɿ˹ȥ˵ʱһ죬ϸۣ漴ɴ˫ۣ㡢ǡ룿
һ˿ûָʼնŻˡᰱͷβˣһ˴ʱѣһ仰˵Ϣʹ̲֯סÿκһֻưܵķ䣬ʱðǣֻſͷҵشϢ
Ͻסţ뼸һܣżƽûᰵֱ󻤷ʱȻɱ
ղŽӵʱ׼һӢ۾ƻһ·û뵽ȻΡڳζ˵ġɵۿʱȻ˶סˣ֫˲ʧȥ֪ԿհһƬȫƾʶضֱ˰Ȼڻʱһɻź֪صشС
Ӧð˶ɱˡ
ץ̿ͣͲػˡǿűŭԸ
ׯͬƳһɪɪ󻤷СʦܹˣһͻƽʱԼҩͺˣΡԽԽСĿһɫ룬ʦʲôϵ
ô˵ģ벻ʡ
֪ׯҡҡͷǵ䣬ʲô˵ѽ˵ĴҲ˵
ʱΪʦҪˣֻþһа취סȬˣͲ׷ˡ˲˵αҪѹ
ζӳ¡øлôһͬʣǸú˽׽˶Ըࣿվ޿κΣֻÿЦһϽ˻ȥ
һ·ɱĹŷֻѳͷ󺹣촽ҧѪû޺һûһֻۣ·Ը֡

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⣬󻤷һ˴̿ͣһׯ˵һڵϣϣ
ĸֱͬعţŲ֪̿͡
󻤷ͣƬ̣תӶãֻһŲʾĴ̿ͣĹ
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Ĺ֮һĹһ벻ħ̽ȻϵҵС䡣
ǡζһЦָ⻮ôȻӡ̡
㣡÷òÿƽɻ˵󣬱裬ʱ޲ȥ˺öԷ졣
ƫƫ뻹ز˲ָңΪҵòɱҵġ
ôһۣҲҪɱ㣬ҪŮһɱħ̽˵ö֮ħͷһҲк³ߣ벻ͦ󣬾Ȼһ٣˹һУܵ˹
ЦȻֹβѪˣͳªΪ˶ȻøŤס·բڣԴԴϵ⣬Ƭ̣书ʧһĿƤҡ
󻤷ϣ㡭
˭ѱģĺΧ·һжֻʣǰһĹ֡
ɫҰףҲ֪
˭ֳצסֵ°͡дϸǽ°͵Ĺͷˡ
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һҪ֣Ȼһ𣺡ʦ㣡
˶٣תſڣһãȻķ䣬ׯѾһ˹ȥطסᰵֱۣʦ㣬õ𣿡
ûϹڵȴ첽߹ȥ̧Ҫͷҷȴʶɪ˹ȥ־ôͣڰգΣ߬ȭȻࡣ
ҡ
Ȼҡ
Ǳ̵ĹӹιɬĴʹεĻ˵ʲôҲû˵һתҴȥ
ˣ󻤷ħ̽ͽ뿪ƵĹԺ徻ˡ
ׯ᰻Ъ£ɫ糣ſڵȥҩɣ
ᰰ˰֣ɤӵѾöˡȷʵˣڳ˺˵Щ⣬Ѿˡ
ģׯͷʦѾۣйðɣúϢֲشǰһԺһúԲ͵˯ʦʦ㣡
һߣ᰾ۣʧضͷӡ
书Ȼز˰
лҪ˵գ뿴šܿͷͷǵ¡𾪣ĳջһŮʮڷ䷢죬๫Ӵδߡ룬ڡ๫ġһ֣


 12 

һ⣬ˣĹȫĵطׯȴô롣
طԲٴˣҸ˵ЩֳָҶܶġԣħ̽㲻ְָɡׯ룬Ȼ򣬡ħ֣̽ʦ㣬ǸϽܰɣεһѵһûкýģ
ᰣбҪ˻Ὺչһθжˡ
˭ǵ
˭
һɨׯ
롣
Ͷˡᰵͷֳ̧ׯϵ
ׯԴ
ȥлľ֮
ׯɵɵվһ˼ʱίˣҪȥ˵İ
ʦⱲΨһһʱ˻ˣͷχNɪû뵽NɪⶫջˡŭҲԡ
ׯ̫ˡ
㿴ǸŮʽô



û뵽㾹Ȼʦ㣡
ȻŮʽҡУմմϲôã
ʹļ׵ׯ벻ʦģǸ֪ٵ͸ʦʦתᰵġᰴأ룻뿪ʱԼ֪Ϊʲô˻תһȦٴλصǰ
㻹뵭ϲŭ
šᰵͷûʲôģǡֵǮĶˣһ¡ʲôҪֻҪֵģҶԴӦ㡣
߬סӡʲôͼַʽܸˣⲻ֪ĸҰ˵ĶҲ
Ҫһ˦޺ޱٳٶۣҲˡ̾һԻȻйһ֣񡭡ղŻʱͲˣ
Σϴ˵Ҵˡ 
ָñ͵͵ʦܣˡ
ȻʩԺһע⣬¡
лԼģζлȣ´ٷͽú
һ˵ü˳붼ЦˡľĸеԵ˵ıô޷лôȻ
Ǵˡ棬ļ򣬡𣿡
ü۵С˰Σʣ𣿡ִ÷Ҫʳһ𰸡
룬ʵۡ
ʱͦ۵ģҲֻһѣ֧ţûԶٿͷԭɺöˡ
뿴һΪ⣬ȫ£޲ÿԴ浽װЩʲôҲǣҲǣûĵĸͲᶮεذ̾һġѵҲ˵𣿡
˿˵ۣ˿˵ۣΪʲôԸ⿪ڣ
ĵʦһһ̵ж·һŷ죬̵ϰơôߵؼСǡ¶κ˷Լκ˳еͬķաһ򿪣ԶزˡķҲ׽زοǸ㲻óס
ʲô˵ġᰵͷһ侲̾˿ٱתʰݵϣѵһһźˡ
˵ֳ̧꣬Լɿķ裬ϡ
īк£סϵ顣ĬĬǰ̧£ͷӲķ˿һһ㶼˳Ҫ˶Ÿɣ飬ǿѷ˿̶͡
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Ŀζˡ
ȿȡ
᰸Ͻӣ˿벽£Ҳ̫ͷ
û£ξͺˡ

Ѳɺ꾫аҲˣ᰺һɵһЦҾϲء
ᰣ
ôģħ̻˶ɣ
лң 
š
֪Ƿ̫࣬Ȼضȹһ£Ѿ󷢴ȱĽˡȫĹֱӷ书ûҵõĵط
ЦյǰǾһѽ~~ 

ôһ͸ԻؼҵĺϢأûл˵ˡ˵źźת뿪
ú
ᰶС˵־ɿغˡһҧһţһᣬͷһһôǵһˣϷ޵ʲôظֲֵû͵һ²ǿһ¹˵Ƚռ˰
ҵ裬䲻ͷͷ֣µһ¡Ǻᣬëһɦʶ̧һ¡˳ס֣ߣ͵ң𣿡
ĬĬһӣá

ﻹһˡ
ȴȫûҪຣԾׯˣʦ㣬ǲǲ߰
ǡ
Ϊʲôһֱڷ
һ£ĵ̾˿ֻ롪
ĺҲǰһ뻹ȵڼУ滮¶ٳ׷ǳһͱֵѪȷ磬ôܱסԼĹ̶̶ʮֵһ̣Ѿ죬ȻֵҰһ㣬ֵֹķһȥˡ
ʲôׯ˿ֿ˿ʵ
룬ߵʱﻹаֻ֪û
ˡ
ܺãû˷ѡ
ǵģÿζһز⡣ׯƲƲ죬ͻȻ뵽ʲôʦ㣬ϴε»û˵أ
ᰶ˶٣ݱһ̳𻨾ƣ׼ׯѾԻһ׳׳ڶ컹ԽڡҺȫǵԼ˵ʲôֱҪ̫˳˸ӣľʱׯȲʶĻէ֡
ˣ
ֲζôϤֲʱɵˣԭ⡢ƺʲôװ
ͻȻδ˲ܺȾơ һ٣ĬĬջ˶ֻ롣ׯĴСУɤӣǶĵļг
˵ΣׯŴ׹лع񣺡ǲˣôϡͿسˣ
㣬ɫǻ
ʲôֵýԭô
˳Ĭض˼룬ׯͻȻƫͷգʦ㣬㻹Ҫ𣿡
ᰲ˼ҡֻҪţֻҪţһȥ
ҹոһ̣ŵʮģֻһǳǳߣǾԲ֪
ʦǲɡʦׯᰣʦ㣬ǲ̫ѪˣûȥʦΥʦҲ뿴ʦһδվһֱȰɣˣ˼зִ硭
ǲˣ
ͷǡһУʦ¡ڽϲ˶֪ĹϵȻȥҾ͸ʦ˵ҵӴϼ޸ϵ
ׯȦʱˣߣҲߣ˻ؼҵǮеġ
ЦЦû˵ҲΪһСûкɫʦΪһܲ˰޳ȥʦΪһĪǡĽһ䶼Ըʦ
ͷÿʱʱʱڿź͵మʱͻӲһܿ죬ͱΪһҪҵʦִԼЩһʼ˼ǰûˣֻһ·ǰҲܻͷˡ
ʦţҵĻһҪôԡôܹݵģ
е뱻˶£ʦ㣬ȶ
̧ͷ
ׯָǰ˻ΣǼ
üëһšȻʦ㣡
Ҳ֪Լܶ
̾˿Թʦܷһʦ¡ʱһ۾Ƴڴ󿪵ľ̳
ׯ˷ܵش˴֣ٺ٣
лҪ˵ᰣҾԼɫհˡ˼
룺ǣŮˣóѵЦ

 13 

ѣѣ
šţ
ׯۣӵͷתôˣ
һָŴ󿪵ķţ˲ˣ
ׯһ˹ܰ
ĵһӦʦǰˣתһֲԡ
ʦ˵ˣ߰͵һĴȣˢһ°ˣ᲻ᡭ˽ˣ
һˮȻҲ뵽ܡϴΪС󱻹ع˼ûųηٳ£ǻıСһٱʵС£ԽԽƵˣִֻ̼ܵᡭ
һһ۷ڵصľ̳û㵱Ĺôôһ㶯û
ׯᣬ˵Ǿ̳ȶ֣ʦòãӣҶѽ
˶˵ϸϸһ顣ҽ϶ֳֵɫ
ӵ룬µЬӹؾصطڴͷȱ£Сȡ˳Ӵﷴסûκ˴ʹ򶷵ĺۼ
Լߵģׯͷ
һܣһɫ߷˵ǸˡĹûˣҪ˵˵ġ
ʱһӰԺڣһǰ
ˣĵˡ

֮⣬ֲָļУܲ͸ʯǽһ˿ûУֻԶԼĵδʶԼûڰ޳䡣
Ƭ̣һ𣺡öһ·ϾȻһûԡ
ᰣԡ

˱Ի·סˣƬ̺Цһ˵ҲգҸ㣬µˣʲôУȻˮΣͱųȥ
˵һЦѾ˹
һæԼաǽʧѾõĶҩ˵ǰԭߣὥʧǣͷԷ񲣬£ͻᾫңжջḡĺۣȥǳһá
˺ü飬ûκ⾫һ˶񣬿ڵⶾʲôʱµģ
Ҳ޷Ժҵ죬Ѿˡǵ⣬Ϊ书㣿ǣΪһһУ
ô˵ǹⱻħ̽׽סģΪĹѣ
ôô
Ҳףôʱ֪һңǴĶ֪ҵģ
ûǴĻɱһ֮ǰֱϸ²Ÿط꣬ôһ֮ǰͿʼıһеģ
һȻа취֪
㱳Ǹг𣬻Ǹг𣿸гĻʵ벻˭гĻǲ˼ĳʵ̫ˣܸܲʾô֪˭ϰɣ
ұʲôԣ㶵ô֪ұһˣ
Ӳּƻӡ

걻˵㡱˰죬һ ɡ޺뿪
ŲнԶܿ죬ָֻһƬšǽߣԼãѻ죬Լʧ䣬ںˣĻ˰ɣ
ڰûʱһ΢ĺι𡪡
ᣬƮǴӵصеĻþſʯϵ˰Σֱٴǵ΢ĺСˡ𡪡
ѧ˵ĿſǽϵСˡ
Ƭ̣ص㡪ǡ˭
᰷ʵ㡪ǡ˭
Ȼͬʯ󺣣öûлӦʱ͵ͷ𣺡һΪǻأ˰
һϸСĹϷͶ£᰾ĿĹˣſɭϵʯǽţɵø̾һ䣺ԭûϹ
ͣͷ̲סЦˡŮ΢壬ʱƽ᰽겻ġ֮ǰΪ飬Ҳô
Сһ𣿻Ҳץİͷʵ
ŮЦˣһǹͷһι˽С
룬ĿڵСӣǡ
Ů˴ЦЦᶼˣͣµȤȤ˵ҽСǣ˵ұͶأˣ㼸ˣ𣿡
˵ˣҲ˵ûס
Ŷ˻ŮԷǳԣյСϣѹ߶˸ʵʵ
ǣڸǸл飬дĲҵϸ˵һ˵Ҳֻҵǰ򡣡
ǲˡŮζ
š⻰˵ģѵǸ˶Ǹĺ
ûûֵĻԸ㣬氮
ô
Ů˵˰Ҳ᰼˸⣬صС벻֪ôȥ
롣
Ϊʲô
Ѿ˸䣬ԹԱĿˣΪڻ
ôԼȥ
һͣҡҸ㲻һѾ꣬ȥˡŮЦЦдԶ׼
ǲ룬ǲܣ
ʲôأŮ˳ĬƬ̣ˬ޷Ҫ֪ʱҾǡҲͬôء
ᰵءšһҲ֪ûȥĻ
ׯһԴ˼״֪飬ȹϵϣֻһˣһߵһʱ䴫Ÿ롣âɽħ̳Уͷһ֪
ţ˻ھܸϻݣһ֮Ҫˣô˵ҲúĻǩ˲С֮ǰǸ顱΢õ㹤򣬾ԼˣⷽľΪ㣬Ӧÿٰɣ
ĻһǩᰵӡһٸĺӡһǣʱǾķˡҪߣҲõġֵˣ
ԽԽˣԽԽ⣬·Ц
ħ̽ͽûбͻЦԻ󣬷µض˶ͨЦôģ˵˸õùˣ
أЦһŷֲ֪ѾĿĵءɫңƵϡƬ̣Ż򿪣¶һ׵ʯŵĹ⣬ݷڰޣʱ̳ܽ븹΢΢Ƭ̧̣ߡ
˳ʯʰ£ӳһ̶ˮ̶ˮһǧ꺮Ϲһ͵Ůˣ˫۽գ΢Ȼһ˯ĵܡȻŲͣڰʱǱٿ˫ԲĿ罣˵ķݺȥ
һûˡŮ
뾶̶ߣǽϵĻأŮ˶˶ͬɺ͵֮ζƬ̣һȻ˱ţڶơơѪ˿ͬߵһ㣬ȿֺ˲佫ȾѪɫ
ѪԴԴϵسߣŮ˵ȴûκα仯ƣ¶һ˿ζЦ
ӣԽԽƵˣһֱûǱ˲סˣ
һĻţȡ˸õõѪתߡŮЦӦǸŮ˰ɣ
ԹԵҲ²£ǰǸŮ˰ɣҵˣ
ĽŲһ٣ĮȻʥŮ̫ˣпչ֥С¡
ҵáʥŮЦˣҶ£ĸ׵Ĳùô
ʥŮϺͿˣۣһ˿ںЦĸ;ˣҿûϰߡ
˵գͷҲصˡ
ʥŮıӰĹâôǾ԰ɡ
лҪ˵ᰣŽ֤°ͣﲻ̫ԡ

 14 

һü죬żͷ⣬ҲûһˣͷŮ˵ʱʱſС״졣óλϹį̫ˣò״סһѣôҲ׷Źְ˹Ӵ򲻳һƨƺ«ֵϺüʱ
˵СҪǽݰɣ˷ܵͷ
̧̧Ƥû
Ȼͬͬͬͬͬͬѽ
ҿûͷˡ
Ҳģ
ţ
һįء

᰷˸Ů˲⣬˵˵ԻȻúܣŮˣᰲŵԴ˽ԼĴ
ͷŮ˻䣬ȻǱͷģؼǵø·ʱ䣬ɴ˹˴ǾĻɽ֮Ǻ׵ˮΣÿѮ˿еġˡѲӣʱ̱ƹʱǿûֵǣȻùҲżʱҽŮˡ
˵λˣ͸ˣӲ¶棬Ҳֻܴ˹̸У֪ˡˡ
ָͷѾ˯ĴξǰʮˡӦҪһģô죬ٴʳˡһѹɡ
ʱ̲סɣµһˣֻҪϵͷеŮһҪƵˣΪʲôأ
书ӡ
˸˵ֻǹֵһֵΪֻ
ٷǳ׼ԸǷˣԲһδεʩ飬ʵĿİɣòʵãʲôƢθܾλõĲɣ
ַ˸㣬뿪㣬ҲֻǵϹأ
ԺؽҶһ󼱴ٵĽŲͷŮ˾ŵϷ϶Ȳ˵
ᰡšһһ̲Ƶ̱ʯϡһһƵĵƹλƵƮ˹ŲңȥвˣֻܿһŵƵˣԶԶվ⡣
㣬˭ɵĵӣ
ᰴʯϻ𣺡ģɡ
˵ѣΧħ̽ʱվڷϼڵңʹʽϼǵ˾ϴ
ǰǴεȷǲ˼ˣӦ˵İɣòϣһƾܿʽȻ򵥡
Ҳ֪ħ̽˹ϵʲôڷϼڣŬʹԼϡ
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ᰵסأĬΣڵҲɣϼڵôֲ࣬ÿʶ
˾ƺж˵ĵǼ١һãȻػΣֱð˺ԷתȥͷһO@죬ܿ죬Ⱥ˱뿪ˡ

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ʦڽϼΪ书ƽƽΪ˺ͷϼ˵Ŀڡô꣬˶˷ϼˣ˶ղزȥǵ֡ϼڱ˶࣬˲ᣬ滹˭ʣ
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ĬĬǽǡ֪˶ãͷһСã㻹𣿡
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ô֪Ů˵ͺһ漴ЦԽԽϲˣҾˣ㲻ҲҪ㡣츽
վС·ʱŮ˲͵͵֮ǰ˵׼ȥͤݣֻǲ֪ʲôʱһ׼취Ǵ㣬ڵʡˣǱҪ㡣Ȼȥͤݣ˵Ҫȥμִᡣʱ㶯֣һ·ϵӢۺܿ϶㡣
ģˡ
İôÿǳкջˮءŮȻ˼
ܿҳʲô
ܰŮֱҲ׳ҲÿҲ֪ôȤִĹòÿԲ衣
Բû衣
ģҵô

ûϳɣǿԵġȻϣڶһ磬ʹˣᰵֽŻģǸһҩˡ
ʱڵŵûֽŷˡһײſϡһתҩûŰɡ
᰻ͷȥȴһסˡ
ǡ
һŶ쵰Ϊ겻⣬ƤҰ׵ý͸պ˫Ѫɫͷ򵥵ԺûκװΣһֻ͵ܳΨһ˫΢΢ٵЦ⣬β˿Բɣĵ˫۸ӻ鶯ĵò˿ȴС
ôͰѴˣŮ̧ᰣһģңûҽʲôأ
ˮҴͺá
㡣ᰴôҲˣ
ȻҪģˮֵҲҪһ𣡡
ҡ
˵ŻˮͻȻסˣŶһһꡱƣͣˡ
µµܿͣסˡ᰺ˮһۣĬɻ˰ϡǸ£žͱ˴ˣͳһƿ˱޹޹ιˣ
ۣӹһ԰ɣˡ
һѵӣһ˫޺˯ۣתһȦϣˮ𣿡
¶࣡ӽһˮԹһ䣬ʲôҪƵģɿ˳ȥ
ˣᰲʩʩȻͤݲԶˡ
ղŴҴһƳͼԶĳǽˡݽ粻Զͤݳǡͤݷˮֵطһʵʵûеδ̫˻ˡǡˡ϶Ҳ뵽㣬˸ǵҩպʱ
ˣûʲôս
Ÿʱ˹ͱġֻĬĬϵıһһڿɲ붾ҩûȰԼˡ
ֻͣƬ̣ٴιµµתﴫڵ㣬˹ٵڻͻΧ϶ܸ˽ͷ
мһƫƫ߹ٵ
ʱ
ﴫһô죬ͷԽԽˣߵĲǹٵ
һ侲ȻǹٵһֱǰһģнӦ
̫ˣ
ֹ˰ʱ
ﴫֹȷһķôǽأ
ǸղŹˡû¶ǰ治ԶҴ壬Ҷ˼ҾҴأ
ŶŶҾͷˡ
ٹ˰ʱ
⡱һͣסˣһӵĵ󣬳͵ػһ£ָֻƽϴ˽
˵𣿡
š
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ֻ֡û˵ڣॡһһ󵶺嵽ǰţű룬ѵһڵء
⣬ѱ廨ڵϣãֻʺȺɽ˵ʮ˴ȥΧʮˣͷð⣬һӡ
ǰͶһӰһź̿Ƶ˽峵ϵˣʱһ㶣ʧسͷϴ󣬽ٴˣŮˣ
ʲôһ·Ͳ
Աߵ˺˺̿һƣ㲻֪ϴϲŮ𣡡
ҲŶ̿㬵ƵϴץŮˣ
ʮġĽĳ˹Ϊϴ󡱵ɽ˷ܵ˹峵ɪɪŮһЦλˣܿˣһؽկɺã
ˮһۣã㻹ᣬҡ˵Ų˲۽ǡ
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ϴһӣȻԣҲһԣ
ʲô֮ʣ
˱һǰһ˳˵˾䡰лʱϴܳǸСˡˣ˿ᰣֿ˿Цϴ͵طӦǹģ 
Ȼϣԡ
ԭڳ˵ЩȫǼٵģ֮ô˵һ֪ɽˣŹģȻȦף
һںŷӦԭŮ˿ˣʱҧгݣȴû˿취˫ȭѵȣֻˣɽ㳲֪
ϴô죿̿ôָŵϵˡ
ϴ˼ȫλϣһָӵɽιǰɣ
Ҫǰ˶ˣҲȻ硪
Ǳ˴˶һۣ¶˱ľģҪʱĴһ󼱴ٵ㡣
һľȱǴϲ
գա
Ƭ̺һĨӰһﵱȣҰŵģͬݾһ
ʱᰵ۾ʱˣʦ֣
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 15 

ϵһ㶣۵ĽŲȴûͣ¡ȻûϳᰣϵǷϼڵӣȻԶʱһѽš
һסʺͨһ㣬һ㵯˿ȥȣʱһ࣬Ӱ磬
ǽ˳Сĳӣĵ̾һ䣬˵ֱȡϴ׼
ϴŮƵûУôҲû뵽龹Ȼתֱ¡ͻȻһһ书ͺܸߵ˲˵ղſľŮˣҲȻһתӵ
ޣһѽˮƳȥһ䣬Զ٣Ҫ
ˮ᰻վ˸ۣղһ˵걧Ÿ첲һԣһϷı顣
ϴŷԼŮƭˣп˵˽书֮ɽݿܶԸġӦǸϸͤݲμִˣΪʲôᱻһ䣬ͷͱһɼǵѪۣʹһֻޣҧȵߣ
Ƭ̣Ⱥɽ˱ƨʧɽС
˶ˣŷߵǰû¶ɣ
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֡ˮЦӯ
ˡ΢΢˵ͷɫ糣˿˰벽ԶλҪȥͤݣͬ·ɽҰģ˶Щȫ
ֳᰵţ˶࣬ҿй˲ʱ򡣡
лʦ֣ҡܾ֣صز䣺Ľܲ
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𡭡ˮЦɡ
ǰŸ̾
һյʦ۵ţҴͤݸ·׵ͬ·Ǳˮɽׯׯ谮ĵӣΪ˵ֱӣ˵ͬС·ܱɽ٣ʱĵ׷
˭뵽ôɣȵľȻᰡ
Щô죿ָָϱ廨ĺˡ
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ŻȥˡҲһŹǣɡ
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˽һƬȻͬӶԳֻ̾һɫŹ֡ղνʦһϿأʶҡͷʦԼߣƵ˹ȥʦ
ɲҪһȻʦɫӹŹ֡Ǽǽţǲ֪룬š
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˽һ㶣Ⱥͷˮ̾˿÷ӦģϽˮģǰˣǴˮɽׯʧٶĴСˡ
ˮδţ̤ŵĲߵǰ˰ΣЦźһȣ
һĺʱȼǰȥһѱסˮ㣡ˮҵˣˮ
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Цδ䣬㣬ȵȴˢһ°ˣֲǵİˮûΥʦԸ
ˮסɨһɫˮɽׯӣЩ»ͷ˵ɡ
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ģ񻹳ˮͻȻֵľУԶʱ⡣
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λǡСؿˮɫ̽
ãϵġˮ˵
Ȳʲôòã֣ʱɫˡˮղŵĻ⵽ת˻ȥǿѹסе˻֣
Ǳһƥɡ
лˮ˵ͷתߡȴҴ̧ȴ½Ƕû
ԶԼؽεľȷԼࡪ
ô£
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Ǿ졣᰼ղŵʴ𣬡кü˰ɡ
ͬһᰣٿˮһҰ׵ʱȻ
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ᰵ˵ͷ񣺡ʦ֣ܲ鷳һ£
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ɣ㣬˭ûйȥأ
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뷨ǲܵģ˫ӡԸĻһͬȥٸ֤ˡ
ԸҾͲˣ
ü治𣬳׵ʱҲûڳ
Ż鷭ȥؿ˺ü㣬ͻȻࣺʦá

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꣬ܿͰͤݵɷһ飬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱȥغ飬Ӵ˸޸ϵԴ͸¶ʦǱǿȵһҪΪʦñ𡱵˼
һԲؿűֽƬʵϵģôأ
һ·ղãʦͽ쳣ĬڵĵӲ죬ֻܿ׵ϼ䣬Ȼһƽ˶ܿЩĲɡ
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һԲػݣڴͷˮüôǰȥţ˼˵أ
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ɡᰵڴϣһû˵ʲô
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ʵѽˮЦҵãҲǰˮɽׯˣǿɴӲںЩġ
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лﴫᰵ
ԸҰˣˮЦŴһ¡Σһ̾Ϣ𣺡һһѾûˡ
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 16 

ڶһ硣
˺ü¥Է¥ݣôŮ˵
ôῴϣ
ǣ
ҲǵݰˣȻ˭࿴һۣ
ǣʲôݲݵġ
˵ŶʱһЦ
Ǽֱ߸ˮɽׯñаԵĻʱȼ
ӴǣˮɽׯڧˣʦֵСȻôŮ˾ô֣Ǹδ֪
ĬĬ¥ϣΧһĴͼ䲻һͷ𣺡ô
һ㶣Ĳӣ̫ˣ߲ˡ
񣺡һţ
Сһ֣ղŻżŮǶʱˣȻ֪ͷᷳ˷׷״ñסԼ֪Ǻ߻εı顣ź̾˿һ㣬Ҿ֪˭İĽˣ
񣺡ˣãлл
һǰһ¥ŻѻȸļͻȻðһСĹֽУ桪
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Ӧûմɣû緹أ
ȵȣ
ѵ˵Ǹղ۵˲ǡ
ǰɣĳ˼һ۶ԶĿռתһȦʦֶδˣи֮˲ȥʮء
İɣûܵġ᰺Ů˵
Ůɫǹϵذѻ˻ȥ
Ǽ˼һ¡Ǽ˳ȴߣ᰺ͳ˵ãŮ˿ڵ֪ʦôʶģ
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⻰һŮסˣסˣһˮɽׯȫסˡ
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ãһ˿סޣβմᰵķ˿

ͨһ˳ƵڵϣŮķڷ

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㡢ʲʲô˼ҡò㡢ãһѪɤۣ˶ýˡ
һû취ΣıȲ㡣
⻰ģ˺ü죬ֱ̫ҩڻûȫָء
ûϳҵĴʦֶʮˣҴСһֱ㲻õģȻǶˣҲͬҵĳ
⻰Ҳġֻɫû˺תǲ˼ŭᰣ㾹˵ϣ 
ᰣԩֻʾһ𾴶ѡ
˵ʲôУǲ˵ϣɻⲻ˱˵ģֻڱۣСܿʵ˵ƣ߳ŭˣ޲õ˺顣
ôͣȥˣк壬ޱֱȡţȻϲԣҲƢֺ顣ֻ⽾ݵĴСһɫҪġ䲻һͷ
ᰣã
ܣ
ɫŹֵü漴иˣޣȻѧң
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˶ߺˮſ¥ѾΧ˺һˣ˿ɫصų񣺡
һ㶣ʱ󾪣ôܣҩʧ𣿡
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ˮ䣺ҪҩˣҲ֪˭ҡޡ
ĬƬֶ̣ʦ϶Ҳû⣬ֻܵˡ
ʮδ˵ҩˣж֢״ûмֻ˵ҡ˭֪ʲôʱңҵʲô̶ȣʱٵ˷財ˣõģһţõģֱӸϳţͷʬ
ռ𣿡
˵ͷ
ˮͷЦЦͷûôı°ɣ
ĬȻܾܲˣҲĿʦñɷӣôģοʦ
ˮһתҪ˿á
ȻֻŮбƽղ֮ʦöտһ
û˵꣬ˮͿЦָյųԴ˵㿴Сˣٷɵտʲôأ
һЦǡ
ôоˣ
뿪ѾõСŸҳ⳥εǮûҪ·˾ߡᰳٳûж꣬ԥΣ˵Լĵǣ˵ö˷財˶Ҫһˡ
ﺬŽˮ
ͻȻԲȥأ
̫ࡣһ䡣
ҲԣΪǵصͷܵȲ裬͸ˡôһˣ
ʵϣø졣
ȹƽļգͻȻҪȥջ˶ӣִỹа£ôסȥǻ£ͤݳһլӣˮɽׯǰ˳ȥˣˮȻҪߵģǻкܶû壻ˮһߣҲűˡ
ȥһˣŮٵˮɽׯڵһܸое֡ΪʦáΪãǱ־ɣֽݵӣҲǲ𰡣
ᰵûʲô飬ô飬ô˼ܾأֻûʲôԱˮģֻȡˡʱĵعţһ˽˿ռ䡣
լȫˮɽׯĵӣȻô˳ۡ룬ǾͳתתɣҪ̫ԶˡҲԼ״ãֻſڵĽϻơ
Ⱥ˵̫ĵطףЩ˷յĶŮ˽顢Щ鲻ļҳ̣һҸġȻΪ˵űԹȴЦ
ֻδʶΪ顣
ׯһׯţиĸ谮ùػֻһʦʦûκ˷ɣ
ⶾ֪ܼǵ˭ܼǶáûʦòģӡֻһƽ޲˿һ˿ԭܲϲʦ飬ȴץļ䲻Ը֡
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ᰶԼȺд
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һϮµ˾վСڣϹζЦ߽㻺ⲽСȥ

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лҪ˵ᰣǡ
ߡ
񣺡ֻԼ

 17 

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ǰ̵˳ǰУһȵȡճھͱȺﲮվعͷ
ᰣʦ֣ؿڣȻ䦳һѪ졣Ѫɫɿӣʱ佫Ⱦͨ졣ƿˣĨɫ˹ȥָⴥ˵һɲȴһٿ˻ȥ

һǰʧ٣һֻͨ⡱ͷԹ׷ȥȴֻüסһµë
ëֵһ̣ڶ𣺡ģġ
ãȻ̧ͷԼվڵʯϣΧɫˣָ˽һɨ˽һ첻˵һñεͷһɫק
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˻һ˶ʱȻ򣬷׷ۿ
ԭǷްֲŮôͶͱأ
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ҿˡٵĵط̧ͷ
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ˣղ϶ʲôֵ飬òǵʲôİɡ
šüͷԼղʲôΪʲôͤݣôҵٰ˼Уڱһ䡪
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ЦšһˣҳʲôóԵˣ
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İһ֪롣ǵдŰѵ
ˢһ°ˡΪôܳŵִῪĻôܲһǲģֻҪܼܽǸ˵еˣһвϣ
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ôһ±һ㣬ѹʲôûа
ٸһɡϽת
ˡĻ˼ȥѣʱֻҸط¡˳ϲۣСʤ»飬ᰶ̬ĺ˺ܶడ
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ԼסЦЦҪʲôʱָʲôʱָǡ
Ǹ𣿡ԼǵãħʧأһΡ
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˵ˣǲֵˣģ
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һģ˼һǶһ޶İɡģġֻҵİƣÿһΣҶøһ֡
οڲ޲úݺֲҵӣҲһȤأ
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 18 

ʱ
һСС, 
ǰͷ, ͷ
һ, ˮ˵ˣ˭
ٲȻһʲɻ
ϰԵ̧գѾԼˡһ㶼Σָ, ʵ˭
㶼û˵˭, ˼˭
Ȼ㶼û˵˭, ˭ָкθϵ
ƾʲô˵˭
ûн̹, ʱ˭֮ǰ, ҪԼ˭
˭ûн
ͣ
ͷˣλⲻǳĸǲǲ, ϴ
ȿȣҵĴȰˮ, ˵ǰϽܵ, λҵĺ, ޺, 书ƽƽ, òƽƽ
ˮȻءŶһ, 漴üͷһ壺ѽҷ͵͵
뵽ʲôƵģȻͺһսᰵĶҵ˰ɣ˵ųؼ˼ۡ
᰿һ, һʱ仹治֪ǸõͷҡͷƽһͷǡʵǴȻ˼鵫ͦġһͷǡǰǷɵĻòƾͲμӲִʦˡһҵĽڣֵص˵ͷš
̫ˣˮһǸûµˣ
ᰣܾﲻ̫ԡ
˵СһЦЦƳһۣҵġ
㡣ᰵ
Ƿᡣ
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ˮĵˣôᣬҿ¸أ
룺ʧˣͲôô۵ġڵʮģôô䣬ôô׳԰׺һǴСƨ
᰸и򵥵˵С
ߵǻԱô߼Ĵʻ㣬ֻ֪ν㣬ͬһֵǮ·ϲ˴һϲ˾ǡ
붼Ҫ룡
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ˮЦݽסˣ漴µء
ЦЦû˵ŴҴһƳͿˮ˲Ȼñţϵķ޷֮鶼͸ɴֱˡ˵ˮɽׯĴС㶼ʧʮˣѲɽׯˣЩĵ˭ʶ˭ԸԼѱˣʲôģ
ǣһ̫ˣ˵˽е˵˾ɵ
ˮһϥǵˣ㲻ǻᰴĦǿȥ԰ɡ
֪ˣǵ˵ͷǰգգۣȰͻȥǵԺ顣
һİɡǽŲողݵʱ򣬷ǳϵվȥ
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룺
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أԼüŪۣ䲻ͻȻվʲôˣʲô
ָָᰣߵˡ
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סһ㶣Цһˮɽׯɲãʲôè԰ʳһ͹ˣٶһǣǿ𣡡
˵ᰣ˭óںɳӰطˮˮûƵģԼ˼Уü˵˸ˣƵᰣǵĹϵҲ
˿ûб̵ķŭΣֻǵһ˵Ĳԡ
ҿɲǳ԰ʳҽǮġ֣µͳǮС˱סġʳ㣬ÿܼưǮҰ¶ʮոӣסʮˡ֪ͤݳõĿջÿҲֻҪİɣ
˵ˣʦ÷ȥʡĸʲôã
˵ˡԽ˵Խʹ
˱ҭ˵벻ڻתɵꡣ
ι㡪죬ݡһһһ㱡ɴƫеؿ
ס죬ˡЦе
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ʵ֤˳εԶûֹġ
һ˻صլӵʱſԶԶӭһˡ
ʦã˼ȻлҪ˵ˮȽȥˣֻ³ᰡȻһԼ롣
˴۵С۵ضƬ̣ڵ֪λ̨ǣ

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񱳹ȥҪڣƳһӰԾҰ
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ͣ룡飡
ģ֣ڱɵ
᰽߬ŷ⣬˷ܵ齥ƽĬƬ̣ٿذѶһһȥٿ
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Ҳԣ鱻뷢־Ͳˣ롣
԰㻹ǿɡǻ
ᰣҾᡭˣɻ
Ҳ֪ԼԥʲôҲ֪ԼΪʲôͻȻе㲻򿪡ŷжָһճȥ͸ˡԣһ
˵䣬Ѿ˺ŷ⣬ȡĺϸϸ
ǣ˲ãȻͤݸӡ
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ǣŮ˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ˵ʲôӦҪ󣬵ͷȴҪ롣Ƶģд᰼ġļᰡ
ð㲻Ҫ˦Ǿ԰ɣ
һתͷɬЦᰱЦüëëʱһ䱸״̬Ҫˣܣ
Ȼûܳ޹ڱ𣺡̫ģڿԹһˣ
㡭
㲻˵˦Ǹ͸ҳ𣿡
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ذοǡҲǰͷˣһһΪ֮ɡ˵óһᰵȺ磬ʦʦҲᵽȥִᣬ⵹Ǹûᡣ
ִǰعٸͱɶ֮ΪȺ硱δԹ⵹ʧΪһĺûᡪʶҲǺõġдǷϼڵţʦֵ׻Լˡ
жһͷͿһŴǰ
ˡ
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˦һ۵
ĿڣҲС
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׹ص
ʲô
Ҹոշ·˵ĽűԼʯͷˡ

㻹˯ԺӰɣ


 19 

ʮգ硣
, ݷͳ
˵ûгɽ, ûï, Ҳûģӳңûˮ, ƼȡеֻһƬУһ޼ʡĹͷ
û취, ִǹ졣ǵ, ֻҪǳ, Ǿ͸мˡ
֪ͤǸ֮, Ͼʱϲ뽭ʿдգסֵĹϵҲܲ, һϼƣȺĵص㶨ͤݳǵУһרд, , Щɼʶһ£ٸʵģûǮҺȾƳ⣡ҿڹͷ, ڷϣǵѧúҽݾǮлл
ˮԴ˱ʾܷŭ, ûкþƺò, ҪһȺˣƵı, ˣᰲ֪ЩƣΪ˲עĿһӲΪһѹû, һͳˡ֪ôģܾЩ
뾲ģض
Ϊֹϳϻ˺صױȷ裨ȻûУϲŷĳšˣǲģؽţ˸̫۵ĽԶԶƳʦͷϼڵλŽ̸ں࣬¶֣漸λ¶Ц⣬ų˵ʲôȻɫ۽ǵȴ¶ڵĽԺᰲҲ̸֪ݡ
޷ǿ޳гɡϼʡ˲֮ġɵ񣬸һʧĸס
ᰲ֪˿Լ۵ڱУֻ֪ԼֲƵǸˡȺеĳ䲻̧ͷʵָᰶϡһϽͷȺˡ
һ㶣׼ȥĶӣʱ̲סʧЦۼ״ʵôˣ
Ҽʦˡ
۳ĬƬ̣̾˿ֻ²ᡣᰲ뿪ϼڡ
ᰲ뿪ǡϼڲ뿪 
ʦͽһ²˵ʦǴʦͶģģʦͽˡô꣬ʦԷϼڵ̬ȣĻмǡ
˵ﲮƵ̬ȣֻе㲻ԾﲮΪ׷ɱϼڵĻڵ͵̬ǿġԺ̬ۡȲʮֿԼͽҲɫ˵Ѫ飿
Уϣ·д֪˭ʹһУ˷׷׹ƽкá۵߱˹ȥЦθƣҪСˡ
֪ǲ׼شղŵˣشһǡҲתͷרĿϵĽ
һһ˷˿ңѣһȴδֻؿ΢΢˵ĴЦ˵ãɱǲڻˣ
깰˹֣ˡ
֪ͤݸһź͸ڹͤУһ·ӮˣʱкáǷ׷׽ͷӶ˭ôû˵
СС֮ͣ죬ѵãѵã
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۰ΣҲòһһֱûڣǷ׷׽Ͷ֪ͤݡ
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֪ݼ״̾ϢŲ֪ʵͤݻмǧһĺӣ֪ɵ

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װǣȫƾһ졣ڹٸ·ô
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ĬĬΧọ̈̄һʣӮϸϸһ顣ǳͨĲǳͨ˫ǳͨĳ࡭һͨ˶ôһʤ㶼ûˣ
ܣ˶ע⡣һԵø˷ܣԭת˺üȦͲûˡ
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ҲǶ̫ͣתʱֻһѣΡվʱһƬ̵֡ԼʲôԾĵطĿУùͷ͸Ƶģֻ뾲ڵϣܷ羲ݴ
 Ů˵ĺһһ
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ŲһŮ˵ӰԶѶǰ¿˿ᰵָԼЦҾѽ
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ٿ룬һ汣ò΢Цһһл˵Ĺģһ߬סԴдżСдѹ֡ѹдŷŭĲҴߡ
⡱һ

Ҹô͸ղĲ
ѵ˶ϾҪ
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ԸŻִսʲôİ
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 20 

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ƾȻᰲÿҲ֪˭
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ׯһ, һƵĳ˹
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Ȼ, ôׯм䣬ͷη塣
ʦ鵹Ǻáƽ
ǡǵȻôеء
жأȻƽ
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Ͻ, ĵ˵ͷ, ſô, ǽ򡪡û˵, ָᰵĲӼ
Ҫͣͼתݺݵָ룺㡢ħͷȻұʦ㣡˷ָɥ, Ͻ룡
ᰣ
룺Լġ
ׯܣʦû
Ǹס蹷һׯ, в

ׯһ, ˵Ѿˡ
룺ʱͲҪЩϸ˺
ʦ㡭ʲô
ϸ˵, ж
ʲôʲôôô

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ǰ, , Ǳ÷, ǺܿҪˡ
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ʲôׯȻûһᰵı飬֪ⶾͬСɡ
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û취𣿡
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֮ǰȥ㡣Ǵû£ҲҲƣʱס·Сʦʸû꣬ᰶ˰ӳȥˡ
浽˰ݷʱȴˡ̧ۿ˫ֺʮǰδеĹϡ
ʶԭҲ
и˵Ŀ࣬и˵ԹԭӲ˵ϲŭ֡ԼʵʵֺСѧˡڣȻͷһθеǿҵĺ棬ҲͷһΪԼ֪е㷲
ʲô̲ס
˸ӣȻٸ㡣
ʱҿ϶ˡ
ûϵǲ˵ʲôʱҾʲôʱ㡣
˵ͷǿ󣺡Ϊ㲻ͬȥִᡣѵϣԼ˱ڣȻԹԻͷô
ʧЦҾô
˿ָԽԼ֪֮١
ȥȥˣĪǻҪͬ⣿Ƶ
·Ѿ鲼ִⲻϻͷҲ㣬ֻ㱸ʳˮ㴩Ьѥ·СޡУؼңҵ㡣
һƬѩƮͷϣ˲仯һˮ⣬ʧ١ţѩ׷¡
ž°ͤݾȻѩˣء
ôţȻ̧ȥͷ쵽һ룬Ȼѣڨڨ˻
δЦЦ߰ɡ
лҪ˵룺νϵֹ򣬻ħȡ
ҵĻ벹

 21 

ִǾ³ʮֻʮ, ÿӱ޲С
󻤷ڱ˳, ڼᰲϵ, ÿ춼ÿɱһʹļ׵ض롣
룺Ҳǣû, Ϲ˵
󻤷, ǲģ
ᰵǶ֮üȥ, һ䡢һ޵ˡ, 뵽ׯǰ, ׯŤŤ˰, Ҳ˵Ϊʲô
̣

ׯɫŹ֣ԥʦ, áǸô
ĸ
ׯƨϳƵ, Ť˰죺ǸȺӮ˺ü˵ġ˫ʹó뻯Ǹ
ȫûӡ󡣡
, ʱһɫѣС
˵, ˡǸӾ
ׯǡһ, һ˿ԵĻ, СᰣʲôáΣ
̽ԴɬףĪǡ
ᰵ⡱һͬ, ׯҲͬ⣻ͬˣӾҲһͬⰡУȥׯ̸̸ģġҲܻԵ
ϣһţͼһİſڣѾվãһ¶һĨõЦ
ᰵ״ػڲ˾ð°ʹ
˻ͦÿ
ǵ̸̸Ծ̧Žݣ᰺ſڵĸ첲סˡ
ȵȡüҲʶҪ̸̸ɡ
㳤úÿҲΪΪ
סˣͷĬ˰Σ̧ͷʱԹŲЦ⣺ģ๫ҽ롣ס𣿡
࡭
ǵˣӻͳһֽ޷Щϵðɣ
᰽ӹһɻҵ֣ҡ
һ㶼벻ˡ
Ҫͷڵض˹ȥ
ҪҶء̾ϢһƬҶʱһ漴Ӱ
³硣
ˣ㣬УȢ
ɣ¡
᰾ԼԽԽ࣬ԼǵԼʲôҽҩ޷˵һ֮ж٣ֻǵر졢ƿۣȥǵļкʧ䡣
ƫƫԳǰ򡱵˻һֱͣػȥһ׮׮һҡ̲ס˵ģ̲סʲô벻Լеķҡ
ˣԺǱ˺ˡ
³ѩ
ˣУݡ
ɣ˵λ
һ˵Ļģǰ顣
Ҽǵãǡǡˣǵ֣ɻߣôȴ벻أ
롣սߣ롣
ע⵽˫ѪϷ·һȵҺ建¡̧ļ磬ȻһƺߡһƬʪȴסԴ
ǵãû书Ҫ
Բ𡣡ᰵ͵͵һӿ֪ԼﲻԾΪ˻ϣ˶ϵã׽˶˺ôŻʲô˼أ
ŶЦһںڸҺˣ

ҲˣǲӦġҰʲ𣡡߰ŵӡеĳغһ
֪ѿڶ漴ãȻˡ
֪ʲôأ
³ģѩ
²ˡ
ûʲôֵ鷢᰺ܸˣҲź˲١ĿĵԽԽͬеۿɼٶȷ
ȴҵģԼٶȡ衱Ͱѡغ¡дϣʱóϰһ飬
󣬱ѩԽԽâɽѩ·˾ɽЪһЪѩͣ·
˷ģǵĵˡ󻤷Цúܷ
Ҽǵãâɽħ̳Ƴһ۲ԶƷ룬ûʲôħҲŵô׼
û󻤷¶ȰĿ⣬᰾һضʧǵĿͯ˳㻹һħ̵һٸ⡣
ǵĽǸˣ᰺˵书黯Ǵ޵ֵˮƽԲŻ˼ɵ
󻤷룬֣µ̫ˡ
ᰣ˵ûʲôɻ𣿡ϰ书ܻЩİɣ
󻤷룺ɻ˱

ˣϵ϶롣

³ѩͣ·
ͨħֻ̳һɽʱн糣ǿߣٺѩԽԽһŲ£Ų̧󻤷ǰȥ̽·ᰱҪһͬȥ˳ѩĲ룬ԥƬ̣ԭء
˰ΣҲ˻׼ǰȥһ̽ĴһŲ
ѩԼֳӰһ󼲷Ƶģת۱ɱǰ
أ벻֪ʱ˺ߣǵ˪
˲Ĭ˰벽ȻϮ롣
֪ôģֻõٿȻһŭʱȼȫʶĳѪӿĿѣȫޡ
ɱǡ
лصĸ֡ɱǡ
˿û᰷ƺƶûлֱ֮ȡšٿ죬ûļӳ֣Ҳмܡħ̵书ˣǴ˴γ֣Ǳ˱ľġ
ðô꣬ڿˡ
еʯͷ˵أϸһ˿ظЦ
ڣ˼ˡ
˼ϵЦĵ¶һ˿ȥ֪ʱסǿн⣬ֻ·һǶ˶ٴγС
ûȿͼ붸Ȼɫͷ;һ󾢷Ϯֻ͡һ⣬ͷȫȻʧȥ֪ؿԼڵء
ɱǣ૵
ʧȥʶǰֻǵһģòˣһĿѪ죬̤Ө׵ѩ˵ʲô˵ͷ漴ǰһڣ׻ȥ

ʱһԷС
ڿһˣɫɴʣ̱ðӣǹƵ롣̿¯ʺԼ͸⣬һƬУΨ̿ȼյıϰء
ӳ֮󣬺Ĵ֨ѽһȻ񣺡룡
Ų΢΢һ٣̱üʺһֻ֣ǰûڣᰱ㼱ˣ
ίһʱˣҲ֪һҡ
һͣƳһļͷû°ɣ
㻹Կɡ˵űҪ⿪·
ˣһסȻֻ֪ˣˣƤӶѣ·ư
ҲգǾͿʼⶾɡջ֡
һݣʱǼħ̽ͽⶾҪգ
ҹ
üͷʱִǳʮ
㵹ǼǵЦЦһ顣
Ļ
ü
һЦҰѹסץˡ
ᰣ
Ứ꣬ħ̳ݱСᰴûԼлħ̣ûħ̿ʥصݱߡߺˣ㣬᰾Ѿûȴһų겻Ļ¯ǵûɪָ¶ȶһ糣
Ҫô֪ģǱȵģ
Խ룬Խ䣬ᰴҵҲԽѡǰʱȻʡĿһӱǿǧ꺮סˡ
ɢżضѿǱǿƿģܵѪѸɺԣĺɫӡۡ
ˣ᰺
ˡ
ǡ㣿
治ϲŭĸס
һ㶣ȴЦˡ
أ
ˡˡӡǡߡ
֪ԼȨʣŵʲôʱ򣿡
졣
죿ǲâɽʱ
ô˵ǼҲйˡ
뱾ûʲôףֻ翪ʼⶾһͷͼᰵǵǿŲʳڵı飬ʱĻŭţ̲סЦ
ʵҺǲϱͻԹ˷ˡ
ᰣ
ͷӻúܣ
˵նʱһɨ⣬ԼûʶԼѾϰһδεĵϷ뷴Ϸᵽˡɳ񶷣ıȤЩʧȴسġ
أ̶еǧ꺮Ứͳڱ׵Сʱ㽫ȡ˳ƴСĻ㻨꣬Ө͸оӳ·Ǳ֮˲԰״ĿĵѪܡ
Ȼϵһ÷·һֲϡ
һ͹ˡС𻨣ϡ
Ҳûã㶼ŰɡһԵذỨ
֡öŴײ˶ɡĿǱﰡ
Ҿ⻨䣬㻹ɡ
ʱҡεôҲ~ 
ǣ֣µذѻģ˵һĺġ
룺


 22 

һΡ
һĿŮˣһװ, ϼ, ͷ, ǷȴֲŮģ棬̵ˮһεĿ, ûɵĽʹ顣
̵ڷ, ӵÿһ񾭶鴤ѡ·𱻰յð̵͹, һ̳Ƥ, Ѹٱˮ, ðһʵ̡һһ顣һոһա
ڣ, ſˡ
۵ӱ룬һӰѺ⡣᰻һ˲, ǰһ, ſ˵ò
ˡ󻤷һѷסᰡɨһ, ͱϱ鲼Ѫ۾˵ٿ˫Լ첲ϵ֣ʮָģѪѽɺɫ, ŷɲ
Һ, ͦˡ
̫, ڡڳˣ󻤷Ĩһᡣ
˳󻤷ߣһ۾ͼԼֳªָһ͵֣ʶسͷ
û
˵ʲôζ, ˵ʧǼٵġӦ룬ԼһͦȥģԸûɣǷü顣һ㿴Զţȫȫβĳˣ
ǳ˰ɣһ漴ĬĬޡĵ˵ֻܹݵİϷأһ簡
ҡȥϴϴ ջʧĿ⣬ɤӵ
󻤷ֹԥص˵ͷǿžʰɾһ·ʱ󻤷̲סˡ
ˣȥɣ󻤷
ɫһôˣ
󻤷üƬ̣һᣬɴһһʮгҸ㣬µ˵˵Ҳûˡƶˣ
ʲôƣ
С㱻˹ƣÿ¶ҪһΣʱ½ҩƶϵħҪô书ȫʧɷһҪô߻ħ 󻤷ɽ·ϣħͽ쳣ҵ״ʱɫȻƶ˵Ҳ֣Խǹ񣬶ԾԽǸųɱҲ֪书ʲôˮƽȷԼȻص̳½ҩͺãɡ
Ļûмȥתʵ𣬽Ĺƶ㷢ԽԽƵòҵ㣬ֳǵ£뿪߰벽ݱ߳һأ͵ˣֱڶûѹ
󻤷ǵᰣẦƵģеҲȥֻǡֻǵĽ
ĬΣһԼĶ

롣
룿
ڿտķڻصþûл
׼ƿڼڵķʱһֻһ˳һϲҪڣȴֻһĺ˳
á
ɿ˿ֻꡱһűϡţֻ΢΢һ߬ѵľ˲ֱмſ絶һȷ磬ʱϹγһѪۡ
䶨ڿڵˡ
롭૵
ľȻ¶һ˿ãɺ۾Ӳתתϡ
㡣ûϳᰣ·ֻǼ򵥻еĳŶԭ㡣
ҡᰵ͵Ӧ
ʱЦϵɿسþ춯صϣ˿̱ú˵˫Ŀնû˼Ĺż֫·˨˿ߣ֪ǣ
ɱ㡣 
ᰴп˺εɱ⡣˹һ˲ѾΪԼ³çеĺڡʵûһ˿һ˵ĻᡣƷϮֻӲͷƤὣӭϡ
ॡһӦϡ
̾˿ûϣο˿ȫޣҰûʲôֱ𡣲֪ỨĹЧΣοԣùãʵڴ򲻹ܻô
˼Ƭ̣Ѿǰһգ۵Ĺ򣬱еĶϽᰶȻһһ˦ְѽ˳ȥһɰѽСҪ̳䲻ᰳûסĽŸһ˺ݺϵڵء
뱻͵Ϯóѣȴ˿ûлңһ˿ЦӽҪصʱ򣬺Ȼһ죬ʯשѵӲڵһ޿ӣ
罫᰺ݺƷڵأжһ˲䣬˫ȣȻڿڡûվȣŲ㣬ٶȻ
ħ̽鴫
Ƿƽʱ¸ûлְܸɣоĪһ˿˷ܡ
㣬Ӧòġɣ
⡣
̫ˡһͬ󻤷
˴˱˴ˡ󻤷Ƴһ֪ۡˣǸղŸŷ˽ȥ
һһͣεҪǳˣ͡
꣡󻤷ָ
һæչȥȴһ˿ʼô
Ѿˡ
˶һۣĵϽ˽ȥڡ
ˡðһ䣬λڱ䣬ǡһŵˣǿһ˿ٶ˵ζ
ɵѽ󻤷һƺ˹ȥû𣡡
ᰵȷˣһǱյģһǱġ⣬ֻݰĶ飬жû뵽˺
˻ۣ
ʱ˿̣ԳʵֵƣŤšһɺκ֫ƣ˫۱ɣһʱʹϽһһ飬ᰵ˫Ĳӣ˫ᰵĺ
ⲫԡ
󻤷˳ݵĴĴָסģǵһ˰
Ҳûϵݱӡ˭뵽Ŀᣬܸħ̽ƽأʦ֪˿϶һɣ
Ÿæʾ⡣
һһȦǲ֪Ӻ֮֡ʱ䲻͵һϵ֡
һǰȴͷһ㣬һҧϡ
˻ʹһ˿ڣȴûеѹǵͷءһҧᰲϡ
ۣۣ
ᰵʱüͷҲ˲ñˣʹ̵ݺ˳ȥ
ˡ
ͬһֻߵķݣڿлһߣˤڵϡۡ³һѪڵأϢԼĲӣȻһѪ
ôͦ⣡
˸һֿ󻤷ۼǰȥᰡһ˻֣ڻ㳷ˣ
᰻ͷһۣ
ˣ󻤷ϵҴܡȻǰŸ̤ţһ΢ʣ
źɫӰ˶
һٴУһǰضŲԶ롣
գգۡ
һ
գգۡ
һ
͵ؽһ
һһ죬żڵء
㡢Ҫʲô꣬ŷԼ̫ûˣʱ׳ػعͷ᰺󻤷ߣң
ҡҡλεվĨһǵѪ̧ᰡ
һ㶣ҲػΣ졣
ҡ
ĿڣһίģӲŵŮˣû˾һ߿ңߵÿȿȣߵôʹúݵİ
ᰣ⻰˵öɥģ
ղ˭һȭף˭ĲӻѪ
һͨȸ״ŷҲʰ쵣ʱϢģʵʵվǰ
Ǹҧģ벻˼ָָĲӡ
˦һ۵Ϊأ
Ƶ촽˵ôôأ
ᰣ
һӦڳףӦ
ˣǡһƵûӰˣ߻ĵعţʣԡ
᰿ó˿룬ǾȴƳĬҩĸ
Ķһ٣Ҫô
֣صص˵ͷҪ
ΪʲôҪĿƣ·͸˫ֱֱۣġ
ʼˣø¶һ˿ͬѰȥݺݴĥ
벢ٸʵףֻЦһɴѾҪˡ
ҩɽ⣿룬Ҫƭҡ
Ҵδƭ㡣Ц绨˵עǷޡ

Ϊסֱץߣִ᲻òھС
ҵһ۴ʦʱѾ࣬ȫ֧ţڻˡһʲ֪ԭħ̽ԸˣÿֻϺˣ⡢㡢ţһҶûУжûš
ӷ𣡡һ۴ʦһţΡΡסᰵ֣ʩˣ
Ƴһ۰ɡ룬ϰѵǸĻʻ˶
ܿˡڨЦһ
һ۴ʦмлλʩȣ˵ز˾ǻǿ뿪ɣ 
ЦúͰףӦõģ
ᰣأ
ҹ̣գصͤݡڼ˻üʱ죬˾Ҫħˡ˭ҲܲλεΪ
¾ţĴӲϣӲڣ޲Ѹ¡ȻֱֱС
᰻˵ȻׯαǺۺͳˮ֪Ϊһֱû¶棬Ҳˮɽׯֻýλӳ
ᰣǳһôˣ
ôתȥ
ûʲôСüƬֱ̣﷢ëʱʵ˵ʲô
ġ᰾ô
ҡҡͷûʲô
Ҳϴˡ
лҪ˵ᰣ˵⻰ɥģ
һ۴ʦ˶ɥģ

 23 

һۡǧգִһѩ˳Ļˡ
, һű, Ų, ҪҲǸɡѡ书ǿĵӣɱ䣻ַΪ󷨽µĽ޺ʲôģȻһˡעؿˮƽ, ٶİҲûˡ
һɱ, ˵˾ɵġɢͨ벫, ڶǰ¶˲Żμӡ˵ұ, 书ϳ, ǱȲɳĵִδ߶ڡɱ, г֮λġøΣԱǵſ, ڣֻӮ, 翪ݡ׬׬Ǯʲôġ
˵, ִϽ֣ٲҲҪ, ϧϽϼڱչ, ˱ɶһ۴ʦΪ¡
һ۴ʦΪᰵġ顱, СϢƩ˵ɱЩ书Ʃ罭ֵĴţƩλʵ󲿷ֶΪ֮λѹ, ɿġ
ǩںʱͷȻһ֮ιιιְ
˾Ȼֳϴܣ
˲ˣ϶ķݣ
Ҳ˵׼书Ҳ
й𣿡
ееġ
ᰱȥֵģκλӾСܳ˳ȥһʱ棬Ҳȥһۡãһʱһͷ
ⲻǸӾ
ǱˣҪȥ䳡򣡡һۡûҪѧ˼ҴܶŹϢ˰֮ǰôӦģôȫˣ
˲˼Уʵûеļҳ档һᰵʱҵĹƵģһǰһֱסᰵһָӾʮغӣ۸ң
˵°ͣŶԷ
ô뾫ûӸɣ
ٺ٣У
ϸ鿴һ飬ȷûˣʵô£
ӣ·ߵúúõģ˳ҪҵĶҲʹң
³򣬻ҽ͡Ӿ˰죬̲סˡ
˵Ĳôʲôɽ͵ģ
֣ǹ㡭
Ҳܣˣˣ
ӲҲô
˭ˡ
û
ͣ
ŭһֹסٶȼŭ
˵᰸һᶨ
ҡ
лҡ
ͬʱһ˫ʶסᰡ򳹵סˡ
ӾɻΪڽҡ
ȵȡ
ԡ

ԲԣǡӾǸ׵ģܡ

ڡ뾫һ˲䣬˼ݵѾһ࣬һסꡱһͷ
Ϊ䲻ôɺϣΪһжû뵽ˡǸΪеˣô⧲ش֮УֲӦӲϾ
һ·ϣᰶû˵顣ûΪʲô˳ͻֻǼ򵥵صǸ˼ˡ
ѵǸνδ
׻ˡ
ᰣһݾָյغôң
ֵؿһۣĵҲû˵
绹бЪһȻذɡϴѪĽѵű˵ĻˡҪúһ룬׸ô졣
ܿƣڣԾ뿪Ȼصʱ̣Ǳ˵ĶʱҵؿҲߣΪʲôߣ
Ъһ
ҲţǲҪȥŵô㵽׿Ķˣ
һֹģһѳϵߣϹȵң

Һ룬ǲ͸ˣ
ᰶͷֱⶼĶĶ
㲻˵Ĭˣָᰵıӣ˵ᰣ㡢㡭
۳˾Ҫ裬᰸Ͻ֣ģ
仰ôе졭
Ҹֹϵ
˵Ҳֵֹġ
ҸֻǼһѡ
ţûԲĿϷԴʱҲûгԭ
ȴţֻǼһѣѵˣҪðƻ
治ǡ
㷢ģ
ʲôģ
ֱ׳ġˣûСԵƷģԲߣ
·ҲǶӦˣ
б䣬Ǹˡ
аȣҶԵƷģԲߡ
书ָˣҲҷֿ
ֻ֤ҲֿҪ
˵
Ҿֿ
Ծɲ⣬ĵǱô죿
εģҾ͡
ⱲӶʦ붨һһٵⱲӣ±ӡ±ӣ
룡üͷһ壬ҲŲˡĪģаǴӦ룬书δָʱ򱣻ⲻôȡ֡ϡȻһ䡰ֹûСôͣߡ
ں¡
ԼȻһʧȥеļ˿ǣһҲẦ¡
ᰶʱԺҶӦˣ㲻ô
šûƬԥǰƣҿɲ㡣룬ŤͷߣɴִҲˣھͳȥ˭Ҫֱҡ뾫Ҫ𣬺ðҺúøԱԣ
ֱֻɱã
ôȥҪ˰æסôſţкðڣˣ绹б
Ƭ̣һ¡
סŭҧͷ
ڴذչȥѵˮһ㣬һ¡
ǣ˵Ĳ
᰽̣ۣ
رۣϱĶ΢΢һ¡ֵøˣôߵ˵Ĳǡţװɣ
޿̣̣ȥ
˵˲ҡ
̡
ôͷˡ
ϡ
ء᰹ϵعţſίͰʵͷ
ɾ⴫ȥӼͣͣ
ᰣü

ǲģⱲӶ
͸Ųĺɱķֿԣ˾ڣŻкϲʱɶϡ
ǣӾȻ鵽һ顣
ϳǰׯһܵظͷ᰾һ壬סĴȣʦ㣬㡪
ͷƤһ飬ϰ֪ˣ
֪֪ҴˣĴˣׯɥһʼţ㶼нˣǰĻ¾ͲˣûҪƽգ˭ҪԲû㡣
أ᰿ôڻļƣϽӰ˷ú˵
ׯָƵ͵ҪǸ㣬϶ҪȥϾǵʦµģҲԸ⡭
Ըʲôڳ˶֪
Դ̾һ𱸵Ļվû˵ڡ
лҪ˵һʱʱֲԲ֡
ԡο23ҳע

 24 

һ֡
ᰵĶǸͷԵ꣬Ųʮ, һƾǸӡվһλ, Ǵӳ, ĿβסԺ
ᰵڳתһȦȻȻءȥˡѵûͷɢǰͷȥ, һڹؾصͷѡѴ͵һ, ɫƶīɫ, ȺпȻ, ĿƵ
, , ᡣ
ۡ
֣, , ΪʲôȺÿһ
е, ûɵЩš
˵èĹˣִ, Ҳˣһɡ, ҶǺ, ˭˭߹أ
ôһ룬ʱͷɶˡ
΢΢һ֣ˡ
š᰻Կʼˡ
ͷᰲ࣬ʹȴǳӵüֱ, ˻߳һСأߣһС͵·ĻСᰲŷӷǵûпôأͬߣзԾ·һ㡣
еμִģȻ򵥡̾һӭϡ
Ϊⱻ˿ߣ˷ϼڵĽóϴһƣͱ꿴ʽڳô࣬ѱᱻ˷ʲôʵһС䣬ôע֮ôΪ顣ϧȻʦѧ˵ȴԶûϼʹҲѹϳǰšҲǴϽΣͷһذ
ϳǰ밲ο˵ỨѾͨ˽ǣֻҪǴѵˣһӮԴ˵ʾػɣ룬ôܸħ̽ƽ֣ӦáҲɣο뻹еؿأɲʧ
е㵨ӣе˷ܡ
ֱڴѹĸоδ
磬ȽҪࡣһ£ᵶӭϣȴδ˳Ʒڵأж˹ϵһסͷ΢΢һƵ
굹ҲסһδУѸԹɴ̣ᰴҴһڵϣƵᰲãᵶǰ͵ɿĦ̶Ĵͷ֣˳Ŵ̳ķϹм䣬һתӹɨ̡
Ṧ㼰񣬳ʱܶùʤã֪Ƶģһʱ侹ȻƵ޴ţز
һǱɡ
һֹϱʵʵذһ£ǶüʱҲ̲סһʹüͷһ壬ĵһǿҵĶ־
⺢ӣһ㶼棡Ƿᣡ
תֻһ˲䣬ԼСԲ׼ʤ׷䲻͵زסһקûקһק˺ıһסݺǰһˣˤڵء
δĵ˲ˡ

ͭ죬ʤѾ
겻ףղŮܱ׾Ϊʲôȴô񡣲˾ˣվ·ϵĻң¶һЦŮ֡
ջصֵص˵ͷá
׼һȳһյ̨Ȼ뻹ڵ¿أ᰸ϽԼһѣͦءǵ
ֱ֪ӾԱߵ̨ϣѾһս̨ˡԱߣǺЦ˫λεдš֡
ޱׯڳôˣŲҪ¶ݵϰߣҲûĿŵ̨ΧۡׯڵĻֳĻǳˡ
ȿȣɤӣ£
˿룬˵ͷԡ
£
ԡ
Ļû˵ڣʹϵ𣿡
Ƕ˵ģȻԶǽ͹ײһ죬ˡղſµ̨֪ǲԸӣǰеװأһʱҲûղ˵ĵڣΪ֪ӣȫѹһֻϵʱʱ̲סˡ
ۡᰴȻ
һַסߵװװɣҾ;װơ
ᰲ޷˵ɡ
ڵϴҸλЩᣬѾ˵ˡֻһЩ⣬òŹ
˶٣һ룬ֶԷûżͷϵķǹģ
ᰲɫ˵ĸ

룺ǰɡ
һϲǰһˣﻹиĸôġ΢΢˰벽ŷԼղŵʧ̬æǸֻ̫ļˡ
״صġô⣿
ģš
룬¶һĨǸЦӦİɣöǰ£Ҽǲˡ˵Ƴһۡ
ʱؽӵңôණôǵã
û͹ʲô
֪òƽΧĻУʵβסʵôٵˣǷôͷ򼸸Ͼˣ
һһͣϵ޷죬˵ֵˮ©ƺûκ˿ʧصͷˣлλˡ
˵ձˡ
˻ûԶһ𣺡ôô᲻
һؿıӰҪһʯƵģ
ûġ
һѣˡ
룺

ʱʶһ䡰˽ݣŷӦԼʱʵ㲻ţȻֹѾˡ
ˮõ߽ݣˣ̲סЦ֪ˣǰö˰ɣ
뱳ŴڴߣڸᰰȣԵЦһҲͷ˳ᰵһ¡۵ǲۣᰱһЦ﷢ëϽʹקԼȡ
Ȼûקǡ
ˣˮƼĶֿЦ˼һְסǴǶˡ
벻̲ׯ֪ţˣ
ӴӴ㻹ˣˮЦúܷ֪ô£̣һ벻ġƿ£ֳ˰ٷְٵ顣
ׯ֣ȴһ㶣㣬㡭
ˮЦݵЩҵĶǸҪġ˵Ƴһ۵ͷרȵ룬΢΢Щʧ
ˮɽׯԼ£ᰲʡҲ֪ϲǣһ䡰ϲҲ˵ڣֻõ˵ͷתʵ£
û¾ͲôˮЦŷʵһЦøˣҲûʲô£ҿյĳǩˣһ
ᰲ⣺ǩñȥôǰ֪
ˮûָһţҲôʵΪġ
ߵݶҪ飬Ϊ˱ʧһҶ⣬췽ڷǩЩֽšˮЦһôˣϹػû䡣
ʧʡüִԭ򲻾ǹƽô˽ĵ췽˭Ӯ˭Ӯ
һ۾ͿֹʲôƮƮҲԼб²С
ҲԣȽ˾Ƕˣ췽˽ģҲڸȫͨɣ
ǩĽô
Ҳǲãոһڵĵӡ
ôһȣ
֮ˮ˶٣ˣǸܾЩԾ
ŶǻôԾ
֪ˮֱ׳ҾǾԾǻСЩ
˵ᰣüŪ۵ǿ϶ϣɱΪͬͶ鰡
ᰣᡣ
ˣ־ء
ϢҲˣҾͲˡˮߣ߻ԹҪ˵Ҳ㡣
ⲻǴһƿ
һѣȥˡˮû˸סСŶͦõģĻÿڵʱҪڣӡһֵġֻ᰺˵ħ̣ƾ¼ҹˣȻмܣ˺һ䡣
һů˵ͷţһߴﴫŮ˵Ļ
˼ҹ㣬㻹˵
ȻˡڸˡߡûͷƵϣԼ书˽๫ͺӣǴʲô
ĬȻΣ̾˿
Ҳ˵ԹԵش硣ÿҪ˯ˣһ˿Ц˳ͷѣˡ
ۣȥĶ
֪ˡ
лҪ˵룺㿴ҵҹֱ

 25 

ˣǰͺͺ֡
ͷֽ̧ϵ硣᰾ʲô
˵ڵϹҪʲô
, ᰶվ, ЦȻ, ˵Ļһձ䣬Ϊʲôᰤһ£
˼Ƭ̣ɫʽ̫ˡ
أ
Ĳ
ǹ, ˵, Ҿ͵һ¡
˻ǡ
Ҳ, ĲҲ, ЩǱ档̾ҡҡͷ, ףʽܲˡ
˺һ, ֣
ᰲǰ, ӵȥһɻ, Ӱ׷, Ľȴֻ뼸Ʒ˿΢΢ת, ǿסӵᰵ
ҧҧ, ٴᵶǰ, Ϊһǡӹ͵ع󱳻δ, ɷ˸͵תĿڡ
һ̣δУٴ̣δС
ٴ̣ǵ㣬̧ӭϡϹ˼ƿյ֦·׷ѩ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ҹ´룬һУһǿ˳ŵ͵Ϯ֮һһ㶣͵ط˭ȴͻȻжբĺˮһ㣬ܿƵӿ˱ǹǰһ

˺ѵûᰵĵͺС˲䣬һ̣˽ʵʵڻӱסЦ
ʼգδһǴ졣
˰Σƽһ䣺ס
ָˣղȴû
ţסԲѵĻᰶߣǱ˵һɲζ
ᰵûɵͻͻ¡˺վڽŲҵѩﻮȥͣ˫ǰ͵͵һǲᡣ
Ҫôʹһһʽû˿ɱҪô̫ͣŶˡͻȻһͷ׼ޣҪôɹѱҪôͻὫ̳븹
ȻƽʱûʲôʱһԲضŽż⣬ͷͼϻɢǵѩɢһɥģǿ۵ļˡ
ߵִ֣ҽ㡣
̵ţֱסϢֽչĶתӵ£ֻİ׺ףֻѷֵĺ˽ģȫΪһ塣
һѩ£µͣ˶δػŷŵУѹסеĻȸԾΪĵطȴƣΪƵĵطɱСԭʦţпˣϧʦŶûʧӰ٣ʣµȫԼ򡣲򣬲ʱľôһԵɣǵǸˡ
ЩͷãȻɢƼհü徻ľ
ˡѧȻ費а
˸βסĹâл
֣˿ػѶĸӣᰣʲôǵ𣿡ûƤЦؽģҲûнӣᰡ³ȻѾˡ
һͣʱ˵ʲôɴʱ˵ʲôֻԽĨԽڣֻõͷ
ʵû𣿡ƴ
ɵͷϵĶͣˣӲһεضα
ǲǸøлʱûһֻ֮ҧ˲ϻشѣ
ԳЦƭҲҪҸõɣɵ𣿡
šܣڱһ仰̫ˣҲ㳳ܡ
˵תҪߡ
뱻ЦˣһѰ޶ͨĶ䡣һҧȥ뻹գЦôˣƭң˵ͲУСġ˭˵Ҫ㳳ˣ
ᰱ˲ϢŪˡ
ǰһ̻ٯٯޣͺһһ̾ͻȻˣȻֵĶ䡭̫ⷽһ㶼²͸˼
ΪʲôĻش˭֪һ仰סˡ
Ҫߣ˵Ļңʶؿסӣ·ץסʲôƵġ
˵ͷָɿˣŶ
ҲǣͲҪμִᣬֻΪʱѡƶݽ⣬һָ͸ˡ
ǽ£Ψֱ͵˵úޡ
šͷȻ˺ˣЩǸýˡ
ָɰͰ͵ءŶһ
βסϵЦ⣬̲סһıӡϲܵġܺߡܼȴŬװ£Ȼ󻹿Ʋ˵ؽԵøõıŤˣ
᲻ôҪ˵᲻ãҾͲ~
룺ңҾ͸㡣
ʲôЦ
ᰱӡһתߣˣ߰ɡ
ǰһ߬ס֣ŶУ̫ˣǣ߰ɡ
ֶˣ˾䣺𣿡
ָһ£бҪô
ȻбҪĽǣǣһ£ϲһ¡߶ͬͬĺҲͬԣ㵽ͬͬ⣿
Ŷ
ͬͺãٺ٣
ָֺݺݿһ¡
˴ֵߣֱӰȫûҹɫУӰͣĵطΧס

ϸʲôˣôңˮһᰵģ̲ס
ᰶ޴ĺȦ˸Ƿ˫ȥˡ
ˮЦҲŲأǶַ˯ġ
㻹ҡ˵ִһǷˮҲ
ҵˣԽ˵Խˮ꣬ҴҴˡ
ˮӶҪܵջԷΪʮֲ⣬ַֻˣҲùʣֻ꣬ĥĥظں档
᰺Ƿغ࣬׿ˣŷַһûߡҴƳһǰˣûϣֻǷʱĺ˼롣˵ףܾúĶ
ŶԣӦǱɽȡ졣
˺ܿڵĵˡ˼˴ֶ࿴һֻۣڵǰſ룬ȴװԷӣŵͷĹ򣬺ߴȴŴ󵨵ƵƵһ˳ȥ
ӴǣⲻӾ
ҲǴ·벻һͦԸҲܱ͵
Ҳ͵̧̫࣬ͷһ۾ᰡ
һ㶣漴òص˵ͷȻ󡭡ϡ
ڵͬʱײ죬Ůˤϡ
ᰵ˵ͷɫŲԼ롣
ûϲ˵һ֡
˴˱˴ˡ
ЦЦȻǱģɼֵһᣬͲظҿˡ
ĵǣͦȴǫҲҡ
򵥺˼䣬ˣĻ᰺𾪡ΪֻǴҴҿһۣ˼ų̂ϣ˭֪ȻҲʽԸһѪָʾԸϾʱд輼ա
ǵΪһ翵δϱɲˡû뵽˻ͦ˵ʦῴۡ
Ǹһ̫ˣġֱۡ㶼ҪŤˡţԺ͸ö࿴ʦһˣñħ˼ݱ
ֱڶֱԿʼʱᰲ׹ˮרѵԭʲôˡ
ˣǸһصŮ
ŮӿԴһ˿ȻǰС
ᰣᣡᣡ
ûǴĻںͤݾ˲Ǯڳǩ϶ֽҲпԭŮǴȻֶôɾܶϣҲ򲻹ɣʵʵμʱٸء
תһ룬ŶҲԣôˣˣ
ʵǲַҪԼĽ˴һܵԻ·΢΢˵ͷʾԷԿʼˡԷܵع˸֣Ҳ˵
ᰴ·ǰָ㣬ʮУɴŮӵĽֱʺ

᰺ĳ֣ȴһѻӿ߿˵ɿˡ
Ī˭ϡƵġ
ˣҲһ
֪ƽʱʵǲı飬æʲôˣ
һǵģƳһۣû¡
ŶһɫݣΪˡ
̱
֪иҽݺܳҪҪȥ

ûʲôģһ䡰ռˡ
գվ͵ø˰֪ǸŮӻ᲻һ㡣
ˣʭӶ˲ѹٺҲûʲô
һתӾͱסˣʦ㣡
ׯקܣ˴ͣղŸ뾫˵ʲôˣ
ᰣͲѧϹţҲҽУ
ô
ׯصشչ˺ܲһ㣬ٸ˵ҲٸӴ
컹Ҫ֡
ܿܽˡ
ˣô֪
˵ġ
ׯ֧֧죬һɣй˵ġ
㿴ң
ûûУôܣׯŹ
ǣúܳ
ҾǲҪ֣Ҳô͵͵ͻȻ࣬˦仰ˡׯԭأʦȰסģԼ˽ĵģûɣŪⲻˣҲûʲôʵԵЧ 
ʯ֮䣬һȻէ֡
ʵҲȫû취
лҪ˵ȵȰоȣҪư

 26 

֪񣬻ǰ, ڶһ, ᰹˵Ϣ
һ, վһˣȻ˻һ۷ʦͬͨ˸Ͱһȥˡһ, ȻȻسһĵһ, ɽ˸
ʵͦһֵġҲ, 书ô, ڳʵϧ, ôȻҲĸԸҲʱԲˡ
һۣׯĳһ̨ףôʦ, Ҿ˵׼ûɣ
иҽݣȥǡ
ҹͷû
ô, ҿ첲յú

ׯҭ˰, ͻȻʦ, Ҿýͦõİָⶾ, ֽ, ˻һֱ㡣, ֮ǰصʱȹأġһоûУ
ҪǸŮ綯ˣŲϲôģʦȴĸ緶~
ᰰô, ȥʲôˡ
ׯؿһ£Ҳǲ԰ҡ
ᰣ
һϲԼжѣ
ȡᡢֱ롢ԵأĻϸ˿˿̶ۣ⡢Թܹۡݣһֱ͡ġһ¡
ᰲ֪ǲϴ˵ֻ֪ڵ⼸죬˶᲻𾢣ܸоؿСķ죬©磬Ҳ²סҲ治ȡҲ˵ȻֵˮΪϲˡ
ΣֻȥǽСûˣôôôɱôɱΨ˺죬һһ⡢ҡֻǿɽС磬ÿ紵˵Ҫܱ-֮֡
գǸһ֦ǿһ㡣ϣ׼ӭׯӿջ¥
һ㶣סǸøϼһסڳǶĿջ
ׯæҡͷס
ңѲָʲôˣ
ׯ˵ͷһԭס䣬˵ôǰ춼ûˣҴطˣ
ǰұͲڡ
ׯʱЦҾͲˡʵʵŵȥ
ᰵ˵ͷ첻ܳȥһǳ䳡رͽţòҵһĵطɲб֪ˡȥΪ˾ģ½Ƶļһǻʲôοʵʵ͵²ǰ֮
һ棬ָļУƵǵƽǽͬĶͬ·ɻʹеطһˡĶһ˵ѡգħҲôһ飺԰ħ͸ܱ˷ˡ
ȫһֻҹҹèӰɡ
书ۿɼٶǣӦӦû̫⡣ׯ̧׼˵ͲȥˣҲ⼸ʱ˭֪ׯŹˣߴٵȥɣҲˡ
ᰲ⡣
ׯ˰֣Ҳûʲô£еģ㡣ȥɣҾͲȥˣͰ
ᰡŶһ͵ػͷɵضׯû£
ûûаЦ쳣Ӳ
᰾Σ֣
ɡׯˡԤܡƣʱ׼֮ززݵضغϣϽеͶͷһ˹ȥ
ᰵͷ᣺Ⱦ˰
һ㡣ׯεͷţĴָʳָһ𣬡ôһ㣬ģ
ζӳ¡СӣĻӳȾƣ´ˣѧƭˣڳˣȻѧȾˣôеοء
ȥᣬȷׯû֬ζŷĵ¥
ׯĨһѶͷϵĺˣ´κȾһҪط

һ֣ûʲôᰱʤ˶֡
̨ʱֶ˰죬û˷ֶߣŷûãħͺá 
һ·ظߣ·ͻȻӦһһֱԼԵ⡣
ħ̽
ħ̵ġ
ħ̡
ħ̰
Ѱᰣħ̲ǵʩ˵ö֮ĶΪʲôֲеôʱ߽ˣ̫ˣһǱϴˣΪʲôݱ֣ⲻǶǷɵ
ȵȣĪħ̹ԭõǡ˼ƣ
б͵һֻ֣סᰵȥ·ȥĶˣ
ʵֺˮɽׯȥĶй֮ûйʦ־ˡ
ᰱ䵭پˣ߷ߵ˵ѵ㣿
ᰱտڲ𣬸ˣ㲻֪ǽˣʹˡ
һ㶣ҿ˿˽ɫأϸһԼ۴µ˽һˣողŽûüֲýղ̫أǡ
йأᰵ
Ҿ˵˵ѣʲô°͵ţԶԶƳһӰǽȥ־Ͷ࿴ۣû뵽ȻᰡȻ֪ȥթһթôɴɱɷŹ
ᰣ
ǡտڰˣûʱ㡣
û뵽ϻ˿ջ˸¡
㲻֪ÿɲˣׯտ֣߶ֶֺˮ㵸ؽؿһôѪһȦƤⶼսˣðźҲλˡ̡̫̫ˣ
㿴ŲǺ¡˷ܣ۷Źӡ̬
ٺ١ׯ˴֣Ҹղŵˣ˵ֶ̫̣һǳɱ붼ǽԹŲùܡøŶڣ׼ʬ׽һ۴ʦ˶ᡣ
ʲôϵֵô˷ô
ׯأۣ˵Ǻ꾫ˣ˵Ƿħ̸ɵġ
ħ̡֣ᰵһ¡ׯûע⵽ԹԵ˳ûˣ˵书أҾúܾܿ˵᲻ǽ򡪡
ۡһеıϡ
ôˣׯһ
ܸˣüɫơׯɵҲóʦ˿̺ϰ̬ȣֱֱ˵ɱǣҲΪ㰡ο
ׯ
û˵꣬ͱɫشˣϼôģ𣿡
⻰ᰵѾ˰ءׯʦ⣬һֱ⡣ϾеǴСʦģʦȷû̵֮ׯߵĶǷϼڵĵӣǽܵĺûаֲţĽ̵³ׯȻ⣬øˣ
Ϊ˽ﾹȻֵø˵
ׯĬȻΣίʦ㣬黹°ء顭ʣŹΪɱǴô֪ûпԣô֪˾ûأ
˵ˣҲû˵һħ̸ɵģôظİ˶磡
֡ᰳһǵׯԸôа仰ϹΪһûʶġ򡱣͸ƫƫţԺܵˣ
˵ûׯԼ׽ˣѵ֮ô
ᰱ޻ֶ̬ȥ顣
ĽѵׯС֪ٱ飬ѱù졣ֱվͳ
Ųȵ죬ᰵĶͷҲֱ
ôˣôһҹ֮亢ӾͲˣʱҪǲԺҪŤʲôҲǣȾƴܣӸѧʲôã
Ӵøۡ
뵽룬ǸָԺСᰴûһôѵʶͬΪıǺبǰһ蹵һֱӦһֱɿڣҲǱʶѷʯֻһֱС⣬ɱ˫ۺǡ
ɱᡢŰ޵˽֪ħ̣ô
ȻƵģһ˿΢ϣҲĽҲأ
һҹߣ޹
룬룬ɡ

ħల¶꣬һʱðˣûϵ嵽ַΡ³꣬˳⣬ҽ¸ò̸
ִԷȴ˶˭ִһʣһʱֵóĻ̡̻ķΧУĵڶֽˡЩˣɹһֱƴ
뻹û
ׯǸǳˣת˲ǵìܣұʾ²Ϊ᰾䡰ҪơҲ֪ȥûС
··һ̺بͷʧӣʹͷԽԽʢ
ϣСˢˢȥһ֦Ӧ䡣ҵѩһͷɴڵ֦Сˡ
书ƿҲҲ֮÷
׼Ķһ𵶼⡣



 27 


һΣһO@, һӰѩ֨֨ǰ
ʧ, ˹, ǸЦ
ᰶæ͵ҲǹŹģֻǼҹһ˳, ЩġҺ㼸, 㶼û, ҡ
һ, ·Ϻȷʵ˺, ϧʱķңûᰵ˵ͷ, Ľ͡˿Цղ, 书г
Ļ˵úܳϿ, ȴЩȣ
Լ, ϡȡʡǲż˼氡˾Ȼָӵо, Ӳô
ǰһ, ǰ, ʲôôǵ˸ָ㣿
ᰲźۼһڵϹ𡢻ĽҰ롢йŮģɲ봫ʲôõšһǸҪҪ;Թۡ
ҸˮɽׯǰЩ, ָһ
Ȼˣﻹ˰̾һ¶Ľɫ
˭˵ʲô
Ĭ죬᰸ɰͰ͵ءŶһ
ɫ·ʶԼһʧˣʱЦǸֻûĻᣬֻԼѡҸлύֵģû뵽Ȼˡ⣬ܷдһȻԸҲԣֻǶԹȽϺ桭
ҵЩ˼ǲ̫ˣڴϣλúһԲϾͿ򣬴ֹ֮Цšˡдնѣǲ̫ˣ⡰ӢϧӢۡĿȷеˡ
С᰺ᵶǰƳһĵأ
ͬ⣬ʱϲæó˫лұ㲻ˡ䣬ʱɫһݣϢŶȻ仯һӽ˳ŵֱָüġ
ᰲҴ⣬⼸ĿһһʽԷ̵ȱֻнʱܷơԵһ糤һǿ˵ıԽΧԽ󣬷ӦʱҲԽ࣬ҲΪʹ˸࣬Զ̵̹Ϊԭ򡪡һ㹻Ժܺõֲʽ覴á
ȻȴõĶ̵Ⱥ᰾ͼʶö̵볤ϣ䲽ͬʱ޷֣ᱻ⡣Ҫ֮˱йڳ˵ķӦٶȣǡ߶С
ֽһмӮ
ڼǸֵ֣ʵȴ˿СΪ֣бʤû뵽ȻǡӮˡ
ǰϱʱԶ㿪ģһ㿪Ὣı¶ڶԷǰǴɡϽеͶԹԶԭءͣĿϰƴһ¡
˰벽¶һƵϲõЦг
áջصڵͷ˲ƳǴ˿ڣһڵ
ǡ
һɫ̥ǣ

֪صͷһۣʱסؿڣʵڱǸ
޷ᰴʱ飬ȴǿװ򶨵سʱˣûȥˡ
һ·ԣ쵽ջſʱᰲŵˣϴ˵Ǹ
ôˣ
ֻϡǵãʲôԨԴҪҪҲˡ
ˡһ˿ЦﶼˣҪĵֻǡΪǹ˰ˡ
üͷһˣ
ұ֤ⱲӸûһ˿һĽˡʦôŶ󰡣Ȼʦǹˣ
һȻģͲ˵ˡ
ûʲôġĴˣʧȣ߹Ҳ޷͵ɡ
˵ͳƽ渵ĸ˫£һδı£ȴδ޵涼ûʵ㲻þʵĹ£ȴþ񡣽µûע⵽Ծ߬ġ
Ǹ⹴¡ô֪ĵϸ
㲻£ֻЩźˡǲ⡣
һǰһţ䲻¥ϿͷĴͻȻˡ֪ʲô˰ҹ˯Ҫ͸͸ҲͰˣ˭֪֧ӵĲһȣ˲ƫУˡһҵͷϡ
Դ̧ͷҪȴڿʱסˡ
ʱǲǸ˵һ䡰С~~Ȼٻһ䡰~~
ȻǾͷء
ȿȣˡ
ѽ¥ϵ˵ͺһĿɨ¥µᰡ
ᰣ
ˣ
۵С˰ΣҪڴʱʱĿͣƬ̣µشӹȻת˸ˡ
ˣ
ԼһŮ˵Ǿ͹˰ɡ
һֻžડһ˴
ͷлðһ

ãǲã
ᰵַ̧£ַ̧¡
ˣ
޷޵Ů˱ҹ뽻أղװʶֺαȥûȤأŭյ߻ط䣬ԽԽԽԽί
֮ǰĵ˵һҪأżţˣ
ǣ˶Ǵӣ
㲻ʶңʶأ
ءһţҲ˲ϵ㣬һͷڴϡ
ѽ

ͬʱæҵشӴһĵʲôˣ
һԴҪııɱ׷򡭡
᰿˳ۣø˵תߡû㱻˴ӱקסˣ˾ߣûôװɣ
ûôû
а
ȥ
Ҳ޳ܵҽ͵ģҪǻԼ䣬͵ʲôʲô
˵ʻãһ͵񡱣ᰶʱһƿң
˵Լסˣôôǰׯ컹볳һ侲Գ֣ʲôʱôʧ̬
䲻Ƶһ򣬴㶵վԭأôˣ
ûôҲңһʱһһ޴վԭء
˻ԼȲ˼ˣ̬ϻ̲סһ䣺ĪҼƽϡ
Ƭ̣תѵƵϡ
ƫҪƽϡ
͵ƣӡһ綹ӳ˫롣
ȻǸЦŭκ룻
ȻǸáһ룻
ȻǸɳ񡭡Ķ롣
һͿûϢ
ݵĶӣһĪɬҶûƽأ㻹Ҽƽϣ㻹˼ƽϣ
ôôţβͻ繣̲סˡ
ЦһӴչҾҪƽϣңΪʲô
ᰵһۣ˫һգһ㡭һˣ
˵ҲաǼ֣ʵô
ô
뿪˵ģķʣ֪𰸣Ů֮ĿķǺͷȤ
硰æ𡱣˼ǡҰɡ
硰û¡˼ǡҺǸ
ôʵǡ
ˣ֪Ҳҡ
ߴıǼ⻺Ƶ˫˻ǵϣҪ
ûĻ⻰Ÿ
װûĵطŹ˫ͨᰡ㵽ΪֹȻСڹָˡ
תڴϣ̧ǷֵһͷȥӦŮȥˣ㶼лҡң
ǣôӦɫ
ޣ
һӣΪܡΪٵһƬģȻɫȥ̽Ϣ̫ΰˣ
ᰣʲôϢĻɸӺɴɸһɸɴһˮҳôһЧݡ
Ǽˡ벻Ϊػ˻֣һŮ˵ɱأ
һ㶣˭
˭˵ɱˣ˵˭ɱˣ˵ɱ˭
ˡ͵Ů˹ģӦǸһʱˡԾס΢̽һôţ˵ۿɱģ
˵֡Ѿ֪֮ǰˡ˶٣ֱ˫ۣħ𣿡
ԥصͷǡ
ᰵĳȥĬȻƬ̣һһٵ𣿡
ǡЦĪЩ̡

ȻֶܳΣ⣬ֻĸˡ
һʵ̲ס˵ɵúúýׯСӣӲϹ£ߣ
أԸˣȻıѾ÷ǳΣա
ˣиһ¡
ʲô
ǣҹģʲôȥˣ
֪ܻģ

 28 

һСɣϾϺһСϡɽ·Զ, ƽﲻôԭ˸, ŵ㳲, Զǧ֮ͤݡ
Ҳ֪ͼʲôѵ֮ܽλô
˵Ǹ֮ģ
, ʲô, ǽڰˡ٬ſ, , Ϊ, ΪִģǰеŽһ, ٺССɶŴ֡ʤħ, ŷһ, ʤ, Ҳûʲôʧ˾·~
ȻǼ, ħ̵ıǲ١аһЦ, Ҵȥֵı, 㿴ϵˣأ
ᰣ
˵ģںͿȣǰѡϵš
ǰ, 鹦εġ첽ȥ
ͼ飬ûµġ
ᰴţͬĶ˸˾Ųʮټÿ켸ʱĹϰѾƤƵĹƽճűһһɾĴ磬ĿбӣĬԣЩֵӢˡ
浹Ǻ뱻鹦Σʵûи԰ڵĻᡣ絽䳡ȴִŽգſڱΧ˸ˮйͨȺΧһŸʾ۷׷ס
ȥһסˡ
ڣ
ߺһ˰ɣ
ܣߵħ޵ҵȿ壬ô
ǣЩаô£
磬Լ־
һ۴ʦ϶д㣬ѵ㻹书߰
ıһ۴ʦ书ߡ
ĬĬ²һ䡣
벻´ʵ¸ҪѡѽôͣôԼȥħ̣
ͿʿòȻӣҲͿͷϳѳˣҪħˣЩ˱׼һһܵÿ졣
ᰳ£ġ
СҰɣٴ̣ǾҪӳȥˣ
ȻȺдӵ㡢òħ̵̽Ӱɣ
һȺԶɢһԶԾ־ضȦڵˡ
ΣѽܶӵЦʵҾħ̽Ӯø㡣ôô
̲ס˵ɣڡ
û뵽վʹ򣡡
һһǰ棺λúǣɡ
ƾʲôⲻǣû𣿡˶ŮΪǳݣ˵ر塣
ЦᰣάΪãԷơᰶͷϵɵʵҪԸ㣬û书
ۡһӣ̫ˣҺϲ
ᰣ졣
Ŀ֮תһȦĻȻԭҲħ̵̽ӣ
ҡᰱĻû˵ڣȺһʮĵͺȣ񣡡
Ӵٴ죬һ׷׻ͷŲ֪ʱ˹Ϊ׵ִ顢üѩһ۴ʦȥһţղ˵飬
нˣǹ´е׼ҵӣһ۴ʦʱѵǣʦ档ǵвͷʱ̲ס۵ݺݳ
ԴȺλŻûյô˾̾ͬʱһ˿
ʲôôһãѵ²˵ħѾԭˣ
ڳв˶ǳšôŶûΧ˳ɹ񡭡ô죿
εǣһ۴ʦ̩ɽ飬һ񣺡λʩһ̣֪λʩɷһ˵
̣ɲ̶Ѱɣ
᰸һۣԥص˵ͷ
Ҫߣʱˣʦ棬һһħ̵̽ô죿
һ۴ʦЦһüëͺһһűĺңλʩôħ̵̽ӣ
ۡ
ҲͰˣ棿˵ţͦɵġ
Ϊһ۴ʦ˸ޣ˼ֱ̫׼ˣǴʦ
һ۴ʦˣ۷׷׵Ҳ˵ʲôˡдģһ·ʹɫȻص˵ͷȻ᰾áûȻҲʱػָˡ
ʱ֪ʱֱɵޣ˵ӵôģ
ڡ
ͷׯϱķǰǵ¸صǰδڣƾȵ֡
ĬȻƬ̣ȿˣ˵⼸϶ڷʲôĵطùô˵òã
˵ǸˣƤڣţɤϸһ欵ָһСһСڵŲ衣
ûǴĻڵ
ˣߵձ鶼ȽϺڣҲѹλСϲС
᰻ش𣬱һЦߣȥģ
˸͵ŪҲǡ桯ѽ
⹤ǻȸʲôֱø
ô֮ܰλħˣ
ǣûûʼͼŸˣ
Цȴ۹۱ǱǹģֻҪźͳĬס
⻰Ͳˡˮ𣬡ǷֱҪʹ¶۰ɣ
ڳŮŲ࣬ˮɽׯĴСεׯû˸С˰Ƭ̣׷һ۴ʦҲ̧ͷŲϺŲϡ
һ۴ʦһֱŵƿһ죺Сʩڵǰһֱ飬֪٣˻йء˶ڣ㲻ҽ޶˲²⣬Ҳ𡣡
˵գźۼسգգۡ
ᰣ
ǰű̬ȣǣһ޹ġžǰҵ£ǻ㣬Ͽ콲ȻøɣϺжˣȴһ㶼Ϳ˦ٶȣƽʱûٸ°ɣ
ɨһȦ˶Ӳʲô
⻹˵ȥĶˣʲôˣʲôһ֤𣿡űˮƵʵ
ҡᰵƳһۡ
ҽ;ͽͣǺûӣ
书ô죬ѵûʲôݾЦʵƺѾƶе֤ݣļ˽ȫʧ㵹Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ȷʵнݾ˵Ҫ˵ԼỨǾͱ¶ˣ϶ⲻҲ˲׶ο˵ҲһŰ
ĬȻƬ̣˵ͷôɡ
ˣ
ˮûס͡һЦ˳ɫ࣬İ𣺡ɣ˭㣡
ʱͻȻꡱһѿһ˿ϸƣһ·ӵص״ѽ
ţ䡱һ죬ľȻըѣһȷӭϮѾõˣڳе˲㻯ӰɢԾ
סˮסеĻҡݵľŶָ侲׷׳ӦԡϾǼˣ̿ͻӦ
ѱһߣ׼·䲻ͷһߡ
һ
һ˲ݶȻ˶ʯ˸ţʹ˷
͵ס뽫ߣ
ȵȣ㻹棡
Ҫߣȴ߬סǰδеָǽڷףͷۡ
ôܲܣ
ˮ˵һһѾûˡֺγأ
˵Ҳã˵Ҳãͷǹܲˣ
һҧ˦룬תͷ
ˮ˼УֱʯУͷ󺹣ŲҡҪʱ˺ĺзһʹŤض
۸У˸ɵ𣿡ᰱӱ
ˮǿӷϹϹ˵㡢أ
ʱͲҪЩϸ˺
װȫҪȥμһָģڱûȳɣ˻浶ǹһѳüһѪ
ˣǵһμѪָоʵڳƲãҲ֪ЩԴܶŹɱ˼ѪΪֵ˵ôġ
У˭֪˻תɼǵ˿Ķ£ƤۿɼٶȷɿƬ̣һðźĴ̡ᰴʧɫ
ǡ

ЦзĲᰱЦһƤֽסһԾ𣬺ݺǡ
ǹԱ֪
һδУٴγУ˲㲻һڶԷͷ᰹˲ô࣬ȫѹȥ⵶ȥҲҪ졣
һĻһɺ˳ŵϡ
һǹվһץסˮƵǣǺǺǡ
ЦȻֹȻɴ˫ۣۡ³һѪߵżһ㣬ڿлһߣ׹ءۼֿؽסصˮأͷͱ˺ݺݴһ¡
㰡вݣϸһ˿ײЦ⡣
ˮιȥˣᰵ½ŰŰҪҪߡ
ԣ
ˮȻԼߣ᰿˴Ҵܣ䲻©˵ݶ˦һסˮĺûüȣ㱻һᣬɿʧݶ
᰺һۣ׷                        
лҪ˵ᰣû
ϵĹˣ֪ûиһ˼ǵ

 29 

׷
˶Ŷײϸˮɽׯǰׯȡ, һ䡰ׯץˡҴ׷ȥ
, ǲŷ, ڹµԶҪࡣһԲİ㣬ϼڱͷǡֲãôɮ, ֳô󶯾û˲, ԭͱˡ, ˴㲻ƫƧ, ݶľѾ˳, Ѿ½˴
볶ӣſڵнʪ, Ӹסڱǡμ죬ӯ, գ۵ĹѾԾݶ, ȥˮһ˿ڼ, ֪
ڼ书֮£ղ罩ʬһľͬʱ, Ҳû˶Կĵ̲ס̧롣
˵Щħ̵ôӦжԸǵİ취ɣ
˭֪뾹ȻҲüͷ, һѽ顣, ʱϵָָķȥ׷
ᰵͷ˵תͷܡ
, ΪŮˣǷѾ˼ʦǵһλʦǵڶλʲôʦʦŵǵλںˣĪֶһŮˣٲȻڵλͷ
ʲôʱŵء
ԹԹ˻ǵþȣ̾һ䣬Թ׷ȥ
ɽǰͤݳǵ˺ӣһ·򶫣ֱͨţºǳǽԽǽǶϱԨᰱΪҪǰܣűֱӴˮ·ǣŹܵòϣҪȥѡ˭֪ϷĿԶһȺڵ㾹Ժɽɿȥ
ǷˣȻҪ£
СзѾ˾ӣɵ˰Ҳûһ˳֪֡϶ˣȴְأֻԭؼתˣʱϲ⣺ʩʲôˣ
ûʱͣһѶСеİأ
СдҴææȡ˼Ͳߵݸᰱʵ˴𣿡
ᰡšһһѼڲڣһŲסĵһŽץأ˫ֱסɿת׼Ƕ׼ڷɿƶĺڵ㡣
Сбˣ°ûաۿ˲䣬һ巢/ȿֺ˳ȥ

/Ƭϣһתŷĵط׷ȥΪ׵һ˸ܡ
װ/ĵصԽԽڵġͷ족Ƶ·ˣ˳/ָķ򣬸ǵľҲԽԽ
ǰˡڳǽڣѰټˣˮ
᰽Ǹڰ׽֯Ӱͷ߳һ㱡׼΢΢ζһ£س˰硣
Св⣬Ҫڣöߡݡҡżȥķ조һˣ
ô
סһȺһǿԵģΣȰ˾˵ģֻܴӳˡйһ飬ɱָ֮ǰǵĺܿͬһˣˮôƶҲпԭˡ
᰻ɿ֣ȥһڵٶȻתۼڶҲܲסϵƵģ͵һףϵİ׵˳ȥ
ǹ켣ͷķǡ
ת룬ؿ¶شѪļ⡣
ûָһֱ׷ˮӰȥӿϿأ˿ԴʰҪǰŮ˶ˣ϶ûꡪɾͲһˡ
ˮµ͵һ٣һֻץסĸ첲һաקȻûȳɹµױһˮĽ
ûǰɣüԾ׼⼸֪ôСëһɱˡʱһޡžһϡšһĸƬ̣ꡱһϣʧڰѩµס
һֻͣһ˲䣬æر˦һԣ˦ʲôණƵġ
䲻˸ˣˤڵأߵص룺ʲô̬ȣ
Ǿ˵̬ȰôˣĵϵĻңСԼûãûб¶Լա
һͣˣȻ̬ȶӣǾˮˣˮɽׯǷˡ
л鲻Ըس
һʩʩȻ鿴ʬ塣סˮʱҧƿеĶҩԾˣɱ֣һʧܣǾԲٻġһѳ֣Ұ׵һѲǶҩЧ
󣡡һְָ̧֣˻ȥ
Զһȣ׷˹ˮ˫۽յӣʱһǰнӹˡڵǻٶˣأʱԲѣѾ̧˷ڡһ۴ʦͺͺͷҲһѪڣ룬һţЦʩ
ù򣬲֣Ҳüı
ЦﵱڷƨǿɲǺˣŰǾأ
ǹ̵ڳһһġ
˭˵ˡط
ֻǻλԽʶѣûüʲô
ߵøˣһ۴ʦеӽϵʬ̧ߣųʩ԰꣬Ѿȥˡ
ŵ˿һƬڣٲȻǰļ֢״һֻ񣬻δȫټϸղǼ˵Ľ֣֪Щ˸Ͳʲôħ̣ԩˡµʵħָ㡣
һɱڲݲճʿȡʤʵ˭֪أ˸˼˳ǣȱˮȺĩβ˿һɫһ˷ܡŲߵ룬һתͷˡ
һһҪ
ʱһ̣ˮתѡǰΣֱӣȻվڵϡҪȴԶԶض˿ȥ
ˮ૵ػһ
ˮ˱ۣԼߡ
ˮ׷ȥʱͱˡ
ˮһûƿһ£첲׽סǿƵؼ֪Ǹ񾭱ˣ͵ײȣ
ȱ˸ţʶŸˮ㡪
ҰˮˮָҲ˵֣Ҷģ
ҡҴûĶׯ֮λҲˣΪʲôǲԭңȲɣ¶ʹ飬Ҫôſԭң
ˮ˻ߣԭ㣿ð๫ңҵĺӻң
һ㶣һ˿͸ӣûǡ
㺦ǣ㣬˭֪ĶҵųϢ㡭ô˵գ۽ǻ
ȵ͵ͺһˮĻ㿨˿СˮȻԶʹĻ䡣
᰸ʱıԵĳһֱΪˮôˣӦͷϸ꣬ˮᷢû뵽¶ôŭı飬ӦǾ仰Ӽ˻ҧء
ʮֹ죬ǵûпڣ׼缦ڡȻһ֣ʱǰһקһûӰˡ
ôˣᰲ⡣ûˮء
ˣ̲סˣð̹⡣
ᰣ
룺һ죡ԣҵϸ㣡
ᰣ
Ȼǧ򻯣Ǹʼһɳ񰡣

ħ֣ڰյ˶ڵִҲϲϲٶȿ
ţٱ
᰺һ룬ȴȺ˸ħ̵ˡ
ѧ˵Ƥëէһô°ˡߵһʼƭˣΪħΪֱ᰸˵˾㤵Żعζ
Ե߼޻ӵͦ󣬾ߵħ̵ͷˣħã͵øȺϺô
һ㲻ѣô书Ϻ˿ˣ˿ڿǳˣʵֻбһ㣬ǲƤ»õãĻش˴֡
ģᰶٸк棬ʲôôôû˵
̵»𡢿ȡ顢ʲôġ
ۣԴЦ˵Ϸ
ګګءŶһˣǽͲ˵飬ͳͳΪһֱôΪġҲôׯġ
뿴Ϸа״
ŶԪڣҪзŵƣҹС
͵͵Ƴһ۵룬Ӳ㣬һȥ𣿡
̵ͷȥ
͵㿪ˣ
ᰣôԼϹأ
лҪ˵TOP100Ҫ嵥ʦһʦܵڶʦʦֵģ塭ϼڵֳھʮˣſڵʯʨӵھʮţ룬100
룺ǡ

 30 

ԪŞŴ͸٣Ԫߞع, ԪŽˮ١ʮʮԪڱǵˮٵ, һ顢ˮ, Ԫˮѽ
ִˣֱ͵Ϯħֺ׹֮Ĵ, һʱĻ̻, ·һεֵͷɸԪ, ͣաͤݳһ˿һ, С۱ڳб̳ի֡ˮ, ֵԻչС涼ڳƵիʳ̳, Щȡżɾ񣬵ȴλĳϵѡ, Ϊֽ
սб, ϵԽԽ, Ҫȥȥ˵˼˺ϵĴСͷ᰺벢ͷܶĺӰϣ˭ûп, ùķΧֵĽи롣תͷ, ǼˮƵ̯, ˾ֿտգʱ˫۷Ź⣬ȿֺµ
ҼҵĵưɣֻҪһյ
ҵֻҪ, һ
ҵĵǵרĵطûС
᰽Ų˶٣׼ܿ㱻Сǳ׼ʱһԵΧ
￴ɣ
ţҸǮ
ںƤ̷ǰ˿ãһ㱻˸ʽˮơֻðѶһԣڳȥǮȻ˱졣
һīɫĺɰ˦˳ȥԼְɣ˵겻ɷ˵رᰶڵϵˮƣǵǰȥڹ
᰿첽ȥӲͷƤл
롰ǡһôø˵ˣ
ⲻ
һ֪ûȥ룬˵˸ֵĵѣпʱȥȡġŷҪţǰȥˣ·Ьµ;ú˧
˭˭֪Ȼǡֳ棡
뱧ļʹһΣ˭ڷſϴ谡˭վŵİϰ𣡾ݽҲûйݵĵϴ軹Կ˵ԺԶԡͰˮѾˣ
ȻܼʱرӣǡÿĲÿĻǱ˸һԽǽԼȥ룬ЩʻĻԽ֡ģһصġ
ᰣʧ䡣
һûôأ㵹ǱŤˣֲûǰҲûôӦ
ǰǰһһյͨ죬ҺɫԽ˵Ǻˮӳġ
Ҫʵڹⲻȥҿһ£ĵؽ
ᰣ㣬һҲûʲô!
ȿȡõøϽ˵ʲôεգתͷˮƮŵĵ⣬һôƣ֮󲻻Ѻӵ𣿡
룺ƻյСأ
֪ˡһСվȥ
ⱲӶûһ̤ȥʱһһһսš˭֪Сرſ벽ˮƮȥذ˫Ȼǳŵء˸档
ʱľŹܿͷӦ΢㣬һԾСڵþ˵ң̲סԭض˶ţȻ󡪡ͨһˤ˴ϡ
Ц
Ц£˷Ľųһᰲǿӣȣֱݺ˳ȥ
ӴЦһŻ֪ղرһֻڹ
̲סһۡڹ꣬ʲôħ̽Լ
ĬĬЦ꣬߳һţȴ׽ס˽
ߣȥˡ˳ãϴε˺𣿡
šᰲڵسȣַϥͷʵʵáֳ󣬸£һͬˮ档
λ˸ãάһ˫һԣ
뵭šһ˫ȴר͵ƵᰡĹȾһĨ죬ר־ˮ棬ȻԼȻӿڱ˵ĶС
ˡЦһ䣬ͣ滮ȥС밶ԽԽԶȥֻʣˮĵƻ𣬱ƬƬӳĳӰ̤ڤ²ǼªıۣƮڻȪˮ棬ڶĶɴתͷǰΪˮƮģǲȥ꣬ŲдʶӵİӣѲǻþòԸȥ
ɿ
ĿӵƵ⡣
ͷ⧲Ȼԭûпơһֱһ̬شһ£ĬҪڽҹɫСһ桢廳˵ӣ֣µԡ£Ҫ˰ɣ
·ϣǷɧһͷÿ𣿡
ᰡšһʵʵ˵ǺÿģȻҲᱻɫһ١ٶغۡ
ʺϽաᰵͷ
Цü䣺ҲʺϣǶԵ׵ˡ
֡šһӴʰһյƣ𣿡
ָһһػ硰žһڵоϸСĻڰ÷·ʱҪ紵ϨСŵƣŵˮϣɫֱ߻˻Σ㱻СˮԶ
һһ£㱼䣬Լ˶ɻԩĵõ
ֱһ£Ǹ𣺡λ˼£ֻ͵ˣǰͺˣСʵڹȥ
޷˰֡ԥƬ̣˳ӵذֵ˹ȥ˰û֣һûѣֻúȵĴУװԼһ˼ĵĶ۴
ĵˣϵȴԽԽࡣǰͷǳĵ˳ǰӿȥרĵرܿȺȻһű㱻ק˳ȥ䱻§סȻһᣬһ˲Ѿȵ˽ֱߵݶ
١벻֪ʲôʱݵߣݼһĳȻ֮ˡ
ᰲ֪Լǲջˣʵ˼ˡ˲˵ĸоܣΪڳӵͳ־ʺȤײһˣƺҪںͽͣһж˳¡ǷйϷޣڵҳ¡
νȡ־ˡ
Զо֪˵ʲôˡ˶٣ʵʲôʱȥģ
֪һûأ֪ȥһ
һ㶣㡭
ûиĸͯ궼ʦĮڳǿƵĹذжȹġڸĸľ飬ʵѷÿΪȻϲĸףܸöѹʵĸЩʱԼûһ˫ͰĸĸοԼҲĴ
̬ʵڳƲϹѹûˣ̸Ϻ޲ޡ˶٣ŵҲرΪ𡣲ΪҲŷɥƨħ̽أ
𣬱ոһյرƶľʹĥ긴һĸ׵ϲŭ޳ܹĸ׶ֿЦӣܹ˻˵زʱֻܻĸ䳰ȷӡ˼ڷ˼ħĸ׵ĿƼϡ
ĶӣҪΪɷĸ׸
ֱԺܹһлǸ߸ϵĸʱĶˣ
˳ӣԭҲбѡ
ĬȻһתմմϲ˵ޣ˵лɣҪҵҲױƭϹ~~
տᰣеҾȻ޷
ݱ߽ⶾʱһ񡣻ֽѷƣϵĿҲģ壬طʻһǱϸصİ֮޽Ƿ˿ϵ壬һӦϸڶ·ǸӢ˲վǰԼЦϣ˫ȴ飬۽ģǱ˷Ħĺۼ
Ӧþĸˡ
ϸǰϵµͣȴȻͬĿ顣·һŵҵ𣬴аջһһΣ˷ɶ˻Է
תͷᰶ뵵ĵƻͬ˸⣬ƽӲѵ¶һ˿ᡣǣڵãʵһ¡ֽԼʱƿңҪȲӿңнأ˵Ż˻ǣһ֡
һ죬ĵ㣬ⲻǼ
ԽǽӲԽǲƣû޲ͬ㲻ٹʲôκ͵壬پ˭Ƿ˭ࡣϲңȲѣ鲻Խ
ͻصͬһݺײϣ˶ѡ
ĬΣ᰺ĳ˳ӣ롣
͵һ𣬲ס˺ŵػ
ᰰǰδеࣺǷծǮ쾭塣ҺüΣǲǷ飬ȴǷ顣βһҲ֪ʲôܻ㣬Ҳ֪
Ҹô죿
˫һ˿ãİѿڣʴǣʴӡ
Цˡ
ǰǸν򡱵˲䣬ǸΪ徻޾˲䡣ʵûô
ԭǸ֪˭ˣһΪħķŮµĺӣһջһçײ׾ӲòȤŮˣ롱
ģ֪
ٵѾõڻ¡

 31 

ˡ
ᰵķžͱҵáֱۡ졣ϱҧƵĵطʹ, ۾, ĵô, ȿȣôҵǹô, Ҳ̫Ｑ˰ɣ
ȷҲˡ
һ±һ¼, Ͻͷ, ˲ʺ, ɿ˴һж̫ͻȻ, һʱûôվſС, Ŵš
ô磬㡪ᰵĻȻֹ, ǰ, Ƭ̿ڵ, ʦ֣
ֻάŵĶᰳ, ʱʦ, ׯʦܲˣ
ӡˡһ, ̧žҪܡһ£Լû£ɿػ׺·ϵ, ȴѾţǻ
ôˣûʦôΪѹжʱӿһɲԤС
ԥŲ֪ôڣᰶʱüʱ䲻ˣʦ֣㲻˵ҾԼȥˡ
зɿذׯ⼸յٹһ飬ȻԼѾüûˡΪæŲμִᣬյʱͲࣻټΪ˱ӣûϼߵ̫ׯʲôȫȻ֪
ϡֻǵڹ±Ϯ죬ׯһ棬Ϸ·ԼЩԷŵ黹£䣬Ūȥˡ
ʱЩ˰ɣ
벻ͨׯһ𳤴ȻЩ治µõ˷ĵزȻЩʱѡֵͷۣˣʧ˷ִ磬ġ˼Һе£һŶûУڣҲýȥĽѵʧ٣һٸӶҡ
Ƥ͵һ£ҳߣǲǡ
Цһæ˰ϣ˵˵𼱡
ȷׯͬݡǺԼĪһʱǰģʱͷַſšׯʦܵĴ·һƬңΪׯʦܳȥˣûᡣԼĪʱ˷ﻹԭģԭׯʦҲûž鲻ԣϽȥšϸһʣ֪⼸һֱģ֪ʲôͬ⺢ӲҪšһֱûطͬݰҹѣģģͷ˯ֻͷˣûġ˭֪һ˾Ͳˡ
Ԫô
ںʰһеŨׯ˵Ѿˡᰴ˿ޱһ㷢ֲԾǲǾܰͷɱҡǲǾͲ⣿
Ĭ˶ٲŲҡ
ʶĦеĲ豭˼ȥסʱʲô
ң侲˵Ѫ
ॡ
ӶȻ׹أ͵˳ȥ
Цҡҡͷˣԭʦò侲ͻ
ڣʲôʲô

ݿջС˵ϼס˶࣬סǿջԺӣԺһĺţÿʱ׼ʱҲ⣬ΪԪ˶ӣջǰţֻԺһڡҹһû˽
ׯڶ¥ⲻԶ¥µİܣϿһȴͨȡһǴܷٻطġʱɢżƬߣ˵Ѫ
ǸѪһƬѪ
Ѫˮ˳ŷܵ䵽һĴ⣬ʱɰɫѪ顣ʵõׯͬݷ֣һ¥Ѿ˲ԣ׼ˡ
ʦ۰οӴ˴ǵе·վҽݣҶȥˣҲѾˣ㲻صġ
ظɺԵѪ̵һһۣĬվƬ̣ŵתߡ
ᰣ۽ס㡭̫ǣҲͻˡ
Ƴ˺һۣĵʦ⻰˵Ҳ̫ˣ˶ó̬أܻصأûзʦӣ˳Ż˵ǰ˵ͻˡ 
ҡҡͷˡ
һ㶣㡭ߵһװ
꼸˱һʮ˽᰾֮һЩóԱж࿴أó˶ŬΪܸɵд裬ôҲ׷ôġ
лʦģˡᰲԸ飬˵תߡ
ߺ󣬺۲̾һ䣺治μˣǺ¡
񲻽⣬ȴʶȤûʣһ۴ʦǶô˵
һʱŰɡ
ǡ

飬ǵصеͷѹ£ѹ͸

ڻĪʧѶʧ١ͬ黹Ҫһ
ڵϣǿԼƽܻţһţʦܻڵ
˼ӵһתͷײһ߼Ӳš
롭
Ԥ׵
֪֪붯Ĩᡣ֣һ󻤷ǰϣ⼸ȷʵиׯǰҹߣԼĪȥ¥¥һȦһˡ
˵ţƳһ˫ͨᰣ³һ
ΪǰЩ룬ѺӴˣ뱻ĪǺϸؼסÿһ䡰ѵȻҲû©ׯһ¥ʵׯ£ܸһİ˰ѾԻһ£뵽˴£סĿջһ顣
ˣջᰣׯƵʶģֻһˣ
ׯǵʲôڣᰣ»ǡøء
еͷۡ
ᰵ˵ͷӲϵᣬᶨȥ
סҪô˵˵ʦʧˣ֪ׯ˸˵ʲôô֤ȥ˾Ͳ£
ôܣѿڶˣ
ʱˣô֪ˣô
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôһɵӷ⡣ҲǾ书ǿ̹˵ˣҲǱʶ϶ʦԶµ£дʦȻŲʣȴһֱʦܱĺܺáΪ˶ҵĻһ֮
˰ɣܾãʦĮʵÿһ⣬ǿơβ͸ȴ޷˵ѡ
Ϻݺݴһ£ҧûʱ㲻Ҫãȥڱ䣬ȥ㰡
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ۣӱšһǴӦˡճͼ˲ûӰˡ
ʱˡ
󻤷⣺ϣҪȥѷ׷𣿡
á
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ȥĶŭգҲ˳ۣȥӣ˵𣬵Ķ
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˶ôķǵ
Ҳ֪Լʲô飿ңΪҰ˶ײǰգѣţͽźö԰
ߡ
֮ҵׯϾˣ֣󻤷Ҵ뿪

ȷڱ䣬Ѿʼˡ
᰸ϵʱͲɽɵһλӼսһһʽ͸¶ϰ֮˵Ը͡û˼ֻ֪ͣׯĶҪǰȴһקס󣺡ô
ôˣᰲƳһۡô¶Ҳ磿
ЦΪԸ㣿ҵù㣬ͱˡ
⻰˵ġΪԸ
֪һֱԸԭ򡭡ѵֻΪһ𣿻Ϊ֮ǰûϳˮɽׯĴӣôСɣ
ϸ룬㱻һ̨̨µСе˵ͷʾԿʼ
ȡ
Ȼֹһޡž˦᰽£üʲôˣ
ԶĴ򶷻ڼ̨Ȳһʱûзֳʤסһҧһţॡһγ
аɣ


 32 


ʱʵδֳʤִСȴʧɫ, , ͣ
, û°ɣ
ûôذɣϻһ϶βһ£ڻء
˭֪һضڵ, ûĻƵ, ȫû˷ֺ档
԰
ɻǰ, ȴ̨Сסˡ
ŮСвĵ, ˣ
ᰣ
ûɱ˰
Се, Ͻæҵطע⵽ԡ
ʱɫ԰ףͷϹŶĺ, ˫۽գ촽סز, Գ֮ɫȻ˶
̨˱ԱͻȻͣе, һ⸱, ʱϧ֮ģ׷ӿ̨һӰܵ, գۼ̨, ڻ
, 񽹼ػʼձ۲һۣû˵᰽סüͷһ
, ΪµĶ
򲻹ҲƲֶΡ¶ʲôôһ¶Իǰ
Ҳҵ˳ˣСһһԹλŮҲ̫Եˣͱ䣬㵽ΪֹˣȻº֣Ҳ֪ʲôʲôԹ
ȻǼһ㡣˷̨ıˡׯ䣬ֱ㼱ЩҪʤȥʸ
˵¶ԩˣɺ֡ȷµġ

䣬ɳȴѸջ񣬴ˡСӹͺͺԴôӵҲ֪ôǱûᰵĵȥš
Ⱦ͵ȰɣҲ⡣
˵۷׷ףһ·ɱ䳡ſ׷ˡ
ȵȣǰ
ʱһλʦôˣ
֪ĸ⡣СۣȻͲŶԡ
ǰҿ˿ǻؿջϸ˵
нһ·ŵ׸ôڣһţ㼱ʵô֪ģ
ӴƳһ⣺вˡ˵Ӧ󻤷ٰĲ졣
룬ֱ˵ʵ˵⼸Ⱦƣ֪Ķ𣿡
̾ҡҡͷʱģʱˡ޸ĸ˿ɼ죬ҲԸȥϴ֣Լҡǲ˵ٺˣһ·ҪɢɢȻȥᱻʱˡ
ˣׯż갡
ۼɫѣϽ͵ҸׯֻԸͶܵ˾ʵסҲ֪Сƽʱֻһѡ
ǹϵʲôʱôˣᰲõ
⼸¡ׯ˵Щ֮ͬ꣬ġҲţȻӦ֪Щδ޵䣬˵ҵʵʲô֪ҶˡһȥҵׯǸ˼ˣֵýύԲšһЦû˵ȥ
Ľ͵Ǻ
ֻᰲׯΪʲôҪ̽˵˲̽̽ʲôأѵּ֪˿ֱСһЦ
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ĺ
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ܰ
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ʲôʱĲ豭ʲôʱȵˮôȫȻǵˣ
ղֻǳ˼Ƭ̶ѣôһգ۾͹ȥôã
Ǽˡ
ᰰľٶɫظ𱼻˷
ĺ֢úú롣

磬Իȥ֪ûô򵥡
ʵĵصˮɽׯլȷõѹС࣬ҵҲࡣֳС¶ҩ飬ֱӰձ˾У˽˶ԹˣǻûĴּëƤ¡ȻΪ˸ϴΡǣħ̡ͬһҲмŲĵظ˹
Ҳ֮һ
ϴʺӿ۵𾢣᰼ǵúˮһ˵֪ŵݡˡֺɣʵôɴϵ£˽ңǶ˽ģܽڵİԡ
һžȻֳִΪ⡣ΪֻСŮ˫ޡǵء
ǣͻȻ̬ȴ䣬Ȼ˵˻
ҩڵ͵ӴֻвմȾ˶Һõ֮ԼµĶǡŵ˻ûã˵ÿ仰ҪͣϰΡ
ƽһº̧еıǰһͣȥġ
ˮգգۣüȡˮɽׯĵӱʱжǼټ򵥲£οжĴӡչأֱӽ˸ϳڽϷžݻܱ֤°ֻʵˡҪ֪ˮɽׯɲġ
ʱ˿̣ȴԥˡ
Žɵţ֮
ŴϢܽ߼޻
⻰һ㡣ȴüһƬĬ֮УͻȻ˿ˣߡ
һ㶣ߡǶҩ
ר鶾ʶͨҽҲͨ˷׷ȥӲ֣ɵձнⶾֲصǡ
˷׷׶һۣһ
ŵ㳹׷ĵ˷ĵҩƫƫиĵ
ȻǶҩҲʲôĶ˵ҩʼǴħģħ֪̽Ϊʲô˶Ϊӣ㾡вƲ˽϶ɱɱ˭֪ɱֻûϵ˾Լˡ
ҩѽҲ᲻øأѣҺܴȰɣ˵ħ̽ԭߡɴ˵
ȥ˵֣֪϶ԭ
֪˵ежҲܿܽ⣬ûʲôϾˮɽׯĵӱ棬Ϲȥ´εڸϸ㽫½ҹ
ϴѣֲٿ⣬ȻڴӦ
ڰ¸㶨һ̶ԸͣļٵܡˮԴϴαϮһֱôãᰵǶ˼ʵ⡣˳Ƣθڣᰶһ֮ˮᰳţѾȥˣûзִĺӣͱˡ
֪⻰Ǽٵģ̷ĺ⣬šһͷߡ
һţǽϣ˫ֱأһݲתתȥĶȴһȻɵķˮ΢Ƭ̣Цһѣȥɣˡ
ᰳʱǰһĲ֦ȴ˻ؼҵĹƵģ
ҵˣ᰼ˣʱҲ
ûСҡͷеĹâۿɼٶȥ
Щչ밲οҳǲˣûκοɵĺۼ
᰾ϲڳ
ͷȷ
ϴǻ𣿡
˵塣
ûҵˣƾһ̲ѪʲôжϲˡȻҲֱַ֪ͬ϶ͬһΪߵˮͰˣҺׯôϽˣ
üëһ㣿
Ҿãϴΰץˮģˡ
ֻû֤ݣֻƾͬ񣬺ͬҰ׵ƤжϡҪӷץȥ֮⣬벻ʲôԹܸһʮйء
᰺ĵͺһ롣Ҳ¶Ȼı顣
ȻǶ뵽ͬһˣ
ꡣ

 33 

˻е㱾£Сû˸, ĸһ󡣵ȵʮʱ, ԼͶ¥, ̽ӡĸײأȥϽҩǮ, ¥, Ѱ¡֮һֱĸײϽ, ԼŵѪɱԽĹ
Ұ˷ŵĹ, ȻǶĵϸٶᰵϢ֪, һô㽭˵ĹŰ˷ŵƤӵ¿š
һ˵, ˳ˡΪǮ, ͶϽ嶼
ˮϽʲôԹ, ܲҲ, ᰡ
Ȼģʱ䲻κ쳣, һҪһʱҡס, κ쳣
ᰴû, ˵ͷ£һһʮظ˵ˡ
ᰣöˡ
ͷŵؼһ飬ҸԶ㣬ǲţҸһ, Լ󰡻عѰĻҵӻأҪĶֽţûˣǡ
ŲӹԹ԰ڷ𣬲ϴ֪ˣ´βˡ
Ͻô𣿡
ʶ书³ӣָöѲ
벻Ըͣػ˻֣һȺѣˣܶˡ
ˣ죬·ˣϽ˰ɣȻúϴ裬ȥȥҽˮ
ʱˮˣǡ
ȿȣҪϴˡ
š

ϴɣˮҪˡ
ȷҪ
棿
Ӱ˶ȻҪ
ˣ᰼æϴ
һᣬһգ·ˮȵůסȫ뵵ˮźϡ̾һ漴ʶͷʱס죬Ļˮ£ֻ¶ԴСضķ
Ǿ䡰˿¡˲ĥӰò
Σ𣺡ģϴ𣿡
ˮ½ŵ߬ȭͷ
ɻûˮã㲻ˮ˰ɣ㣡
һ͵شˮúסţ
ϴ軹м๤ˣϴϴ
ĬĬ̫ˣ
Ӱȵϣûطػֻǻѣǹˮ棬Ūŵˮ
Цġ
ʲô
᰾ؿȥնӦһ
شһƬž
ƣŵ¸˵
ŵйأ
Цҡҡͷйء
ĳȥ˵
ĸӳ̳һˣȻͱȻдɲϽħ̵Ĺϵ㲻ϺãͼһŹᡣεǷأǲӵϽʲôһŲ֪ԡҿҪ뿪졣
ᰵ͵͡šһȥϽ𣿡
ţǲôģҲпܸ޹أͦʺƵģʦ˵׽ȥιأ
һƤ񣺡ô֪ʺϡ
ķʵģȴаһЦĵҲ֪
ᰣϲ
롰͡Ц˰ΣŽ͵ﲮưǲصôãҲûеġڻѵһĴϽֻ꣬ʪѰĹƺ˵Щģû취ˡң˵ʮûˣļòأ
ԭˣȻҲֵһ죬ǡ
ᰰȻ˽Լз˰ΣơŶһ
ԩͷծЦĮ͸һ˿ƣ֮ЩҲ˶ˡ
Ҳ
ħͼԭĴŲǿѨ磬طʱ䣬Ҳ֡˵ûĸѹûʲô飬ȴȻҪΪԸ˳ĸǿִĥΪʲôҪĻ
ֻǲԸǷˡ
ܾ裬ʹ裬վǺ޲һķ˽ǵĸ顣ĺСװһ᰾ǵˣҲãҲգҲȥˡ
ֻǷ˵ծһһȥȻֱ׳˵һɶӴ޹ϸ𡣡
ĦͷӰʵǺγһأ
뿪ճ̣˼˰ΣûׯϢͷͬȥǴׯȥˣȻܻׯ
֮󣬷ǵûׯϢһ¡
֮ǰİΪСеʱͣǿֹˡŵһˮɽׯΪƽ֣һֱʱᰵϸǡȥˣߵǵûÿ£ΣۿžҪˡ
鶾ͷ˵ɱʾǳŭϷԲȻžͱңбұȥ
ʵϣȷʵ˼飬һضóͬĽۡ
˽룬Ҳƣϸ˵ǶҩֻǸ˵СϷӦַӦյĵһûáϸоһҲûκβԣֻðοٵȵȰɣҿͦģˡ
ߵ߶Կˣֻðеĵǡ
ֵһ죬ûѡǵˣͬĶһһصˡ
һӳʸ֮ġ
յħµϢϽֲ£һ飬ٵˣϱִѡһµֿСԴᰱʾܲ⣬ʱˣѡʲôϽβ˰
ΪǸòôɣһһ˾˭Ըͷ˭ɡǱǰǸںͷ©û˲װľͷƾʲôԼ˳ҪѺôָˣʱ򣬾ֳˡ
濴Ǻ֡ϣûΪʲôĶЩӣԸԽС£Ȼһԭʵô˭ҲԸռ˱ˣȴֶռ˵ıˣƫеķӣбķڷӮˣ⹦ͿǸŸɵĶ֧֣۹Ͳڻ£ˣɾǧˡ
᰻Ȼ򣬺Ǹġɼˣô˶λ֮͡ŴҶ֪飬ֻ˵ǽˣ̫ˡ
ҲһɡͻȻеزִµģǱƵ˷˼⡣ֻ˵Լ˵ӡıʹ壬ڱչأҲεĴͲؿˡ岻ݴǵΡ
˵硣ھС취ǡûжȱȣжĿ
ᰶˣԭļ˰תһ룬Ҳԣѵûʲôһһ磬ҪǱħ̶ˣǾǳ׵׵֮ˡ
µûţȴް취ʵݹ֮ڣǿ书һ㣬һ㣬Ϊɳһ֮⣬ûʲôΣΪӵ˰
üŭĿһͨ£¹š֪ˣɱ˼ҵıأι𣡸ã
Ȼ֤¸ϼ޹أҲ޹ׯ䲻ʦӰ廢жһ׮׮һ顣Ĳɵ̨ȴȵؿһ̨ۣ֡
Ƭ̺һϤӰǳʱᰶԾǸڵӡ˴һֹ
Сʦã㿴ô
ʦ֣áǰɣ
㿴ˣ
ţˣ
˽һ¶˾Ƶģǰһ󺰵λ
ͶɻĿ⣬ӵƳһۣҡҿ¶ˣ
һƬѻȸÿҲܸоͶĿ⡣ãȻʲô¶
ҧô˵ǰûгȥû·ǶˮûھͶ
˻һ¶ʱһƬȻǶͤҵۼأջݲִᣬɶסڳǶճˮȡԳǶˮ
⡢ⲻ൱ڸȫֵ¶ĿĿﰡ
ᰲʣô֪ģ
˸ɴҸˡ
ͷһμ˻ôֱ׳ģᰶҪЦˣ˭ԴϿʺˣ
˵Ǻʱεأ˳ĳǣʲôʱصĳǣʲôʲôͶʲôôͶĶŮӣһһٵ
ΪԷ֧֧û뵽⣬˺˵һ˼һһʮؽΡ
ԽüͷԽ
ĻȻȫȷʱ䡢ص㡢Ŵ磬һȫԵϣֻҩһΡ
ǳˡûҩ
𣿡˼ˣ̲סŭôͣ챻˺һֱԲѣô˶֢ͬ״˭
ڸˮɽׯһ·ͬУӸϵĲ״̲סľ
᰾ԽĨԽڣӲͷƤ⡣
⣿˵ĵϵģˮɽׯˣ㻹ϣˮɽׯ㣬Ҳţ˵ߣɶˣûѣҪ˰أжأܲͦ죿
ͱˣÿ˵һһ֣󼸺ŭʵ㵽ʲôˣǶʲôô
δ䣬Ⱥ㱬һŭ𣺡ץץ
ϳ֣
Ͻ壬İ
ҿħ̵ˣ
ϴҾôˣ
Ҫץסᰵһ߹һعܣֻһ溬վԶԽȺһӱңңϡ
촽΢£˵˾ʲôûӦһ˿Ц̧֡ϳɫŨǡ
Ҫ
͵һ֣˱ϵĵ
һ㡢Ҫʲô
˵ʦһصǰ棺ô˿أҿɲ㣡
Σɿ֣ॡһ䣬Ȧͣڽűߡ
߰ɡϿһ˿
һ˲㾪ϲغѺߣ죡
Ⱥ鼤ߵȺһӵϣ·һֻһ㣬ߣֱӰʧûлͷһۡ
Ծά֮ǰƣؿһһѺߡε̾˿ǰᰵĵ
Ůˣһ񰡡

 34 

ܣ
͵һѶŵûһ
ˮĿ, Ȱ, Ҳ
Ҷ, ɡҾ
᰻£æ˰ӹʼʵǽôղ˵Ķʵ, ôҪǲӦ, һֱô죿ׯ㲻, ˵
İ̧, ҪɱĶ, һѴ𡣡
ƳһˮררĵغȲ, ӦûпǵĶŵһ, ¡
, ֲ¡
֪Ʋ, ֻӲһ, кÿһ°, ֻҪҵҩ, ǾȻʱϴˡ
ʲôİ취µĶƾʲôҪȥҽҩⲻǱѵҪһֱͶֱֵԩѩ˵Ȼ, ˿⻹ǣĺøСܻܲ컹Ǹأ
ܡҲȥһ;ñ˿ɿڡ
ˮϾ룬ƺƶ޷˵ᰣҪ֡
̲ס˸ۣתͷٽж˶Բѣû⣬ֻ֤ܿסɲҪʱģҲǾˣʱʲôأ֮ȾҪ˶ǼвҲʲô顣
Ⱥ鼤ʲô˭޷ԤϣǱѾõʵ̫Ҫһˡ
ݣһѻ𣺡ôô顣룬һʱҪׯҪ
Ǹʲôʦ֣ҲԸ㣬˻һ֮ô⻰ֻ²ۣ˵᰸ġ
˰ΣԥؿڵĶȥҽҩ
ҴһˣȻ֪
᰻˵ͷá
ˮ׳һôͬ˰ɣ
ˮװûЦеȥ˵ɣǿ϶Ӧġ
û뵽˾Ȼ³ˣô˻ˣ
¹Ӳҽˣ˵ߵ䷽ܿ͵ó˽ۡ
ڷ֮ǰеĶ
Ǵ˺жˮеĳζҩķ˷ӦһֱԲѡΪ֢״ߣһ˶ᣬ˺ױѾʱֻ벻ͨ˴£ֻΪݺô
Ǽζҩ᰼ǲסֻĽҩ⡣
нҩô
еС³˹
أ᰼ʡ
³Цˣûеǣ˵ʮɽȥٻأ˳Ļھҩ
³˵Ľҩһֺܲ۵ɽ^ĳѨߣΪζ⣬Աɽ^ĵͬ๥ˮ˸յļܣᣬɵ˵λŭšһ±ͬ⣬ʱᰣһؽҩ˵
ҪȥϽ˳·ҹȻڳſһˡԼǰΪΣׯ䲻æﲻϣһҽҩǿԵġ
ᰱܾ˭֪뾹һڴӦ
תˣϴλĵԶء
һЦҾҲأ
ᰣһڿ
ʱһ̣һ˵ɽµĴӣûпջֻýڴȻûпջô࣬ᰱΪûûƤĿ϶˯һ䣬˭֪ȻԸ£һŴȥˡѵܹȵļƣôа
еͷе̡
ҹᰴҴ˯¡ģģ֮ʣ߷·һƵû㣬߰ɡ߰ɡ˫ȱʲôסƵģôˣһ亹͵һ
Ѿˡ
һǵԣֲ̧ͷϵ亹جˣ
ҡҡͷ߰ɡֱɽǹĸоŽɢ
ɽ^ңһ·ļСĳѨһʱȥˣǵûҵ˵еĽҩ˻˵·ˡ
ЪɡΣֻ˿ʯͷ͵¡
ɽҰǹͺͺ֦Ͱããѩһʱ仹ϲһʱǰµıǣתһȦֻصϵط
£ղžͲ߰ǰͷǸ£ȥ˾·ˣҲôһȦɣô죬һô졭
ͷֱ粻˵ˣɽ^ĳɽôߣҽҩģѩεġ
ſھҪ̵Ҳܵġ
룺
᰷ˣΪһҹ˻һЩ㺣һ·ϳ֡òֺʶˡ
´ļЦҽҩģͲ֪ǲˡ
⻰ʲô˼ü
ʲô˼Ȼ
ô˵û
˲֪ڴʲôգһһ㶵ģȻһ˲Ļʱһһͷը졣
㲻;δôһƣƾôӣҲףӺأ
Ƴһ۴ᰣɴҲѻҵδޣףѵô
Ҳͬ⡣ն
òͬɣ̬Ⱥܼͬоϡ֪ûװɣȷ๫ַʲôݸ£
ʱðɣ˭׼ĵģ˵һƻ˹ȥ
ʾ˫ӭȥҲвô
һͷ˾ʹһšʱʲô֮ܰǽҩҩ˶ôɵ
ڽ֮ʱԶԶƮ졣

ľͷײдƻصɽ䣬÷·콵µ
ֹ̧סˣŶƬ̡ɵԽԽһ£һ£ɢеĲ
ľ㡣
һ۴ʦ˵ͤݰŷ𷨣һɽͷмСˣоˣ
һֻ߬סĵһѵľߡ˶һۣˣ෢ģݵǰˣ
ľƮķ򣬺
ЩͬóȻȣһԷ
û˵ִ꣬һ
ľȻֹͻȻһһһһ
ϲˣӣ
ֹҧúأεЦһ
ľ·ڶʱͣסˣһӰĴɽ̽ͷһ޲ɮۣͷϴŵѩĲңס˴ˣͷһ£еľŵİУʾԼ
Ƭ̺ǺдһԵбϵŻϵѩڼǰվýˣſͲСˣ°Ϻ߰ףȽҲ㡣̵ʦɽҩ·ˣͷʦǴ·
Ϻ΢΢˵ͷûгʾ⼸˸ߡ
вǸưͰɣ΢΢ûж˵л̧Ÿȥ
Ҳ֪ɵװɵһ·һֱǺдг˵ͷҡͷ⣬һŲ𡣲ʵɽ^ʱһֱĬĺͻȻڵɽУϡ
ɳƵͳ޶ļһ¡ԭ˵
˴·˺ܿ˳ͣɽһСſڡϺе˾䡰ǡת˫ֵľŵɲǣһ̾Ϣڱ
ʦ                        
лҪ˵ʦֲ֣̫Զˣϵ

 35 

ʦ
Ѿкܾúܾû˵ˣõʱ, һİĲﲮƵ˿ûͣ, ֨ѽһƿ, ת󣬼λԱ㣬ƶɮͲ·ˡ
ЦҾͲˡ˵ųʹ˸ɫ, ǿˡ
ԭ, ﲮƵӲ´ʩ, ߰ɡ
Ĩһ᣺Ҳߡ
ۿžҪ, æǰ, һֻסŷ죬ﲮ״δ, һľűݺݼס֡
, ҧһʦ
ڻɿ, ﲮ̾һ, شţʩذɣҲʦ
Ҳţôϴ, ôԼϴ
ε, ҵʱ˵ʲô, ʲôڳʲôı顣Ҳ˵һ䡰õˡҡҡͷӲáҲһԲʺָ˦һ䣺˵²ܡ
ܶ, Ψû᲻
̤ڣƣ˵㲻ﲮƣ˭סδʲôʱңʲôʱ
ﲮƵȻƶɮڴ޶꣬žģΪңȥȥɽСʩҵҩȥ
ҧˡһᣬ͵ػӵȥһ㣬ᵱѪߡ׷룬ﲮֱ㶵վŲֻԲ˲ͷɵӼձ߲
ž
Ӧ䣬¶һŵĮɣ
᰺ۿۻѾõίŭڴ˿ڱﲮƣ㻹Ҫ㵽ʲôʱˣׯׯʧˣ
˷ϼڡٸţˮɽׯ룬ҳׯжȥţǻ˷ϼڻȴûüˣûһׯϢ
нŵңڼʦͻȻžضˡǿŶסĿɬ˲̣ףԭԼûеôǿ
ﲮƳĬƬ̣ʩڰ
ᰵĻջƵۣ૵㲻ʦ
ҵʦ
飬ȴǲǣңﲻŲʣȴ΢кǾ仰صôãҲûеġΪڿʦΪô꣬ʵȴٴһͿء
ǰˣ԰׵Ȼ£ԶĳѺ;
ӣָյ侲㲻Ҳգֻһ仰Ͻʲôˣ
ûȶԷشַɿׯܿǱϽߵġֻҪϴ̾ߡ
𵱵ľﲮƶ˶죬ģǲẦ
·ȷʵ񣬰Σһáתͷߡ
ԶԶش⴫ӡõˣ
ƿţԽͣڿʱЦݺϡ
߰ɡûı飬ͷ
¶һ˿ζЦֱ߿
Ż£͵شһƺߣ᰻æͷֻﲮƵڵأһ˿Ѫֳצݺݳͷץȥ
ꡪ
бȻšϣʣµİΣϿڴðһ˿
ʲô᰽߬סеĶϵﲮǰ
ÿŵϵˣоȻǴδйĺ⡣ã߻ħʱҪˡ
ȻִزãҪɱ
Цô˶٣ǲƵģŶʦѵͲϣɱô
޹ءᰰѵǰ¶Ĳǰ벽
ɫÿ£һ䡰޹ءʹ񾭡
޹ؽҪģ֪Ĳô
ﲮƣû뵽㡭ЦˣǸһˣҪҪţôڱ󣡵ԼȻƨһ֮ô㻹ʦծͽ
ڵ֪ɵʱ𾪲ѣʹѰҸܵϣȵѰҽǽʵ
ڶݵ𾪺ʹ󣬺ӿһѿ֪ԼѿʲôҲΪʦԸҲΪִѾõ಻ǸЦҲǱڽҴ̣޼ǰ
޵ݡ
Σ༥
ǰΣ
κβûɱ
˸ԼһټЦΪʲôƫƫﲮƣΪʲôƫƫᰣ
һʱһϸ־ڱصõЦţлɱ˵һ˦ӣתߡ
ĬĬɢһصᰵ߰ɡ
ᰡšһְѵ嵽󡣱εĵڵϿһ£ॡһڵءһתѱ˼ͬϵһأһݵϡ
ֲ֣˻ɱҡ˵գﲮܹ˴ƵģƳ⣬
ĬĬվƬ̣᰸ɴ䣬תߡ
ԭ·أԼĪһʱɽԶԶƼ뷭˻ϣ㡰ݡһﳤȥ
뿪ķ򣺡ͤ𣿡
ɡᰴ̶̼ʱѾĹоҲû˼˼˭˭ǣӦҲӦˡ
㿪֣һ·ֱͤݡ
Ƭ̺󣬵õӲԶɫӵ뿪ķ
ˣ

ҩȷʵЧ죬ж˾׷ѣ⣬󲿷ֶָŶ̬Ⱥͻ࣬ôƽϵģͲö֪ˡ³Ƴҩˣûиκ˸
ֻʣԼˡ
ɺ˾ߣȻǰδеĹµ
ڼҹΣֻǹ¿ˣҪ㣬Ůǧǧ򣬸νġδޡܾǾܾˣɶԷװûҲûбİ취ǣȻ
ˮ˵飬Ӻˣ˵˺һʱ͵áֻȺ䣬ˮ˻׼ߡʱͻȻסˡ
̽ͷǸƨأ
ᰣˡ
˼صͷĴˣü֪ˡ
һͷˮü˭֪ʲôˣ
ط˸ۣװɵ˵ʵǲǰ򣿡

ᰳ׾סˡô֪İԣüô֪İ
һ֪Լ˵ˣ쿴ǵĺ飬Ȼ͸ˡУʵᰰɣ
ᰡһһʱ׼ʲô˼Ҹˣġ
㡣νػ˻֣ħ̰ôôҾ㣬ҪǣˮɽׯҲҪǣϳǷ㲻𡣡
룬ֲУɲغˣ˷ˡ
⻹˵ͶȥһĪ
ˣҿɲ㣬жˣŰɣÿ˵վͰ˸ˡ
ֱ߳ţᰲŻعζ
ڡ

ǰһ죬ڵϢմ򣬱⡰һ
ƿһһĲ÷ɵڴϡ˹᰷˰Űѵ
𿪲ᰶʱɫ
ׯĳɽʱһֻСһֱϣԡԲϴ
ִһԵֻд֣
ɱˮ


 36 

ɱǲɱԶ׼
µĲׯ, ˮⲻ⡣Ȼﲮ, ôʦͽ, ķӦûб䡣˵ׯ£м˵ƭ˵Ļ
µǣԷû, һұɱˮյİ취, Ŀ֮, ˮ
ӦϽ, ȥˮ, ֻתػصѡҪأڹ涨ʱڴĲõ, Ȼɵ¸ء书ŵ, ѡּ˴˽, ʤ߱ˡ
ȥ, ҲֻеڶаĿˡֻˮ˾仰
صһ, ڵڶõϢ, ڶضǣˮɽׯŷ׷ױʾ, ˭֪ˮʧٽʮ꣬лʮȹģ书һ㳤ûУ, ⲻǰҪˮ
ˮĲϣ꽾ݵһ㶼û䣬ʾӦԺҲˮɽׯˡȲһʣҲֻͬ⡣
˰ˣǰһҲһȥ

̨ͬһᴩصͨмţͨΪء̨²Զ׺һɴʣһذ׵Ůò˵ķ᰻Ϊǵһص󷨣̧űҪߣֱȻ֡
⣬Ƿ¥¥
û뵽ȻԵˣ
δʼŮһ۴ʦ˵˼仰һ۴ʦ˵ͷ˵¥¥³ŵ֮λɻһԸˣλҲ˺˹ءȥɣ
ε֮λеʵԵĺôˣĦȭƣֻԼ硣ϸĹ˼䣬ᰱ˵ûǼƤһȣҲƵ
ڲľ׮ÿһľ׮Ӱ任ͣᰱ۳˼Ƭ̣ӵնϷľ׮һڵأľ׮ȴ
һϲҵˡ
ħ̳ʱ͸򵥽һֳʮ󷨡䲻ڣ󷨣ʮ󷨵ϼΣֻҪҵۣܿ߳ȥλӰ󷨣ľһ֣СǴۡ
ʱ򣬾Ȼ̲ס밡
̾˿ǰ̤һܾɫȻһ䣬ʱʧڲľ׮֮Ĭ̤ʮʱߵʲôͷһǸղŻӳĵ
ӵľ׮˲ѿӦơ
ҿ˿Ѿ󣬽˵ڶصšĲ֪˭ֻһͷƮˣɮɶǺİ
Żʱ߳˺ɿǰˣȴ̲סü
Ȼţ
ƻĲһòᡭˮѾ˰ɣд㣬ڱʼǰ볡ǰ˰
˼룬벻ȻвζβԴڴؿڵҵǺʶһĹ򡣡
ڴ
Ҫ书ǿĻɵȫ޷Ტ۰ɣԴϴιϮ̬֮Ⱦͱúˡ
ҵģŹֵŹˣʼɡ
޵ķûûĹԵֵġ֪ԼܸӲӲ̽У㰵Դ߶Ϣڵж˼ʦĽ̵ܵλͽúȫ棬ܿ죬ᰱŤת˾ƣһʱȻŴ˸ƽ֡
űõĿڣ˼ǿվؿڣһУ˿ڿ϶ûá
Ǹȴ¶һ˿ֵЦرǸòֻȹɣ˵ǰٴγС
Ŀѵ书ˣʲôˮƽ
һδУսסһ²ɿ֮ʱмɷ񡣡
һݣæϳרĶ󡣲һʱ䣬ź¶һ֪ѵã㶸ȻʽֱŶȥ
Ŀڴͣ£΢΢ȥȥһذɡ
¶Ϊؿڵ˵µģ֪Լǳ֮ΣˣʱŲͣƬ̣ԥҪɣ
Ż˻֣ʾϽߣᰵáɿһȥƿʱѾһսһһ˸ͬʱ볡˵ͷʾԿʼˡ
ڴ֮ǰᰴûɵĵʲô߹֮˸߸ϵ̬ȷǳ֮ԱǡִῪĻһһϾˡֱ˿̣ڸĸֽ֮ףԭе˽Ϊнʱ
ʼУ˴˶ûʹȫʵٵ̽˼أᰱһ˿ǿǿһϺáԽǿĶ֣ԽܼĶ־ܽĶƽӹִ֮͸ֵòμˡ
СʱǿֳʤһУԷ޽ǣһܿʱ˲׵֣һȭ˳ȥԷȻûϵãѡֿȭСݵĴʱȻڳĺдĺšܡ
ţšܡ
ֻʣˣᰣ
ڳеͷһЦ̧ͷʱйâʢˡ
ܾ⻰ﻹ˼û˼ϸ룬˶񣺡Ҳ㣬Ҳ顣
ȻЦ
˵˶һۣͬʱС
˭Ҳû뵽ߵľȻɵѡ֣Ȼѡ֮вʣ׻ǼˣԸķ䣬ûʲôñԹġڽսնԾһʱ˷ŵ׷תͶս˳
ò˵˸ǧȴĬƺ֪ԷʱСкδݵʱ䣬˱ѹʮУȿ׼ݣɾ䣬һһľ̾
ģۼ˿ԾˡôоһһֱŰ
˵ҲԣֻÿһʱһУûУĳбظŲ
µ̨ܿϵֺγо˵˲飬ǣèһϷŪô£
˼͵صأٴʹϴСϴдʱõһУƵܶ䡣
¶һ˿Цͬʽʹڶô
֪Ȼûͣ٣Ծǰ̵ܹķΧ͵һͣµϡϵĶڡͬʱٿȻ󱳱¶ǰ
׼˫ȷ˭֪ϺһʹǱˡ߬ǰѳڵϣعһȦٶȳϣֱüġƬ̣ĵͺһ׼ᰵĿڣ͵Ͷϵ˫
ڿн滬̶Ħʯ֮䣬ͻȻ֣˫ˣĹ켣βסɱΪղųʱδʹֻҪ㿪Ͳܵκ˺㲻ƵƤѣʱˡΪһмЩƵöԷķڷ
Ȼɱ
ᰴ󾪣Ӧ죬ʱƫͷһѵĶڵϣһѡ͡һļͷʹѱУŶͷڵϡ
þĺдסˡ
̨Ҳסˡ
⣬ͬʱ˸ô㣿֣ǡôְɣ
˰Σв࣬£Ļȴ֪ô˵ˡתͷȥսλҲ۷׷ףһʱò⡣һ۴ʦЦе¥þɡ
ʱһӰɴ˳ߵúŮһ˱ϹϾطһһʱ˵ĴɡŶׯӺݻǰѶ̶̼ʮ׵·߳»ʵǻĸо
̫Ҳ󰡣ѵѩģôɹô
һӣ˲ߵ̨ϣǰվ
ϲƵɡ̧һ磬ԿӰµ
ᰳסˡ
³鲻Խغ
³˶٣ƺ˭ͣǰ¶һȻЦ㡣
һж̫ͻȻ֪ηӦʱ˿̣ȻɢȥƼգˮʯЩɻ󲻽ĹؽҲһһͨ
ȻԭڹһֱԼ
¥ıѰʦ䣬һ֪ڰٷְٵĳɹʱͬߵ˵ĳﲻǮ㱧һԵִ̬ᡣһֱԼˣһԶѣһ·ʤԵɺϵҵʦȻ⣬ܹԸˡ
ڸղţһֱ룬ܶ׸ʲôԸʦѾҵǾȳׯˡʦ˵ģҲʱˮİ취߻Ĺƶûҩɽ⡭
Ըȴڼ³һȫҷ
˰ΣͻȻԳһЦûи룬ʲôԸ˵ѾҲҵġ俿룬ҲҲһ㣬Ҳһ㣬ڻǵõᡣ
ţҡᰵЦ
³˵ͷƬ̣֣кԸ˵ɡ
һ㶣ȷղſеУӮ˲Ŷԡ
³ᶨȻ㡣
ᰲԾȭͷɿ֪Լ˿̸޲ͬȴ̲סвʡ
Ϊʲô̲סʵ
³ǳЦ󣬱аҡ
ô룿ѾȥϽûȥϽҲٸˡ
ûƴǣֻһ⣬ܻܿش𡣡
˶٣³˫նۣĶ
ûпѹԼ˻һ̨½һƬȻҲ̲סⶫ
³εЦЦ⻹ǲô𣬲¥ӲʳԣȻӦˣ͸ʵ档
Զߣǰ˵գʩʩȻ̨
ûᰲ͸˼Ⱥбһ󾪺
ħħ̣
ħ̡
ħˣ
ͷʱⲻ֪ʱѾĺӰΧȺϢûһע⵽˵ע⵽ϢصˡȺ֮һѹŵŭ𣺡³
ᰴ˵ķһµӰܿǰ
ôŰ裬òɷ
߲δͣͣڰ·³㲻ҪΪû˵ʲô
³ҡͷЦЦΣ˵ʵѡ
žȺкðһǸŮˣ˲Ƶģֲһ䣺ѡ˼λţû˵ʱڳһʱûӦֱ˳
קסüȻûܵסѿڶĻӣģǷϼڵᰣ
гֽƬҿǵĻ飡
һŵ˷׷״ʧɫԭ֮оȻħ̵̽ӣ
ƳᰣȴͷŽż⣬֪ʲôһһקסӣôʱҪװô
һ䣬Ϸʵׯʲôϵأ
δ䣬գۼ䣬˫ձҺڵỊ̇ǸɱŤĳʬӶǰУһһͣ۽ǡ
ᰲϢı任̧ͷӵһ㶣ȴĲӡҲѸٵһپİ̺ۡǴƵģĺ΢΢ɢһɵˮ
һϵȻɢ䣺µҲң
ôҧһһٵס

 37 

С˺üգڷ硣
ʱ, ƺ¶һĨ⡣Ŵ, һƬհ, ֱԺ˳
ͣˡ
ǿӴӴ𣬲ŷԼ·Ѿ˻ɴ״һ㸲, ڵ, ڵ, ȫһϽ, ɤӵɺϡ
ߵˬʵشЦһⲻɺ, ⡣
ᰱۿڴͷ䳱ˮһӿԺĬ, ʵأ
㲻ãԼ๫ʱһð£
᰻, Ǹü͸ˡ΢΢һ, ֹһˡʵ֪Ĳô
ЦЦ, ԹԵˣ㻹ҵĺ, ҲᷢҪ˵, Ҳ֪֡ǻ, 峿ᰣĺˡ
ǡ
Ͻػ̫Ӧ, ʱ䡣֮󣬾ҳɻ֮ա
Ǻǡ
㲻صģֻһСѣѾûˣϢָܻˡ
ǺǺǡ
˵ҵ๫ҵ๫ˣôڵ˶ô飿¹ƣ룬˻ûأ˵ùȻûһ뾫һĸ룬϶ڳ֮ȥιӡ˲Żס
εգǿк˰ʱκһֱ䲻ȵġǡŶڼֲסһ䡰¼ǵҡʹҴ뿪ˡ
ôһŹײİԼȥ䵭вУÿ侲һ¡
ˣᰲ˿ԼųһšǿžӦ˱һ۵飬οԴִйơε·ֱЪ
һۣ龰ͷƵӿԺ֣Ǽǰ£ȴ· 
֪³˵񵤵ʲôܲ¸ءȻҲôܻԼĺѡ
֪ǶŭģȻҲ᲻Ƕ𣬿ˣǲ˵ûߣʵһֱߣ˵һԲ𣬵ҲɱʦΪʲô굽׷ʲô£ŻֳΪˡ
ĻûüڣͻȻһСһʹ԰ɣ²ǽ찡Ҳûиʹë
ԣⲻ£
һ͵شӵֲܳܿƵ̧һ飬ʧȥ֪˿ʹţ˫ȾȻԼƵĵضǱ˿߳ŵľżѾԼˡ
һϽ
ҧסŰѽӲĲתֻһ̲ĺɫҺ壬һһĳӡղϸ΢ġۡǳӱ飬Ѷš
˵ǹƶ
ССܹƶѡ볰ЦᰵӦ㶫Ӧòڻ£ϵĹƶҲ޷ɽ⣬ͬѰĹҲ˲
ΪԼʤȯգû뵽ͲԶ֣ͬһżʦڣſһһεس˺ᰣֶй˼ɣҲƲдռ˱ˡ
ս˶Ҷ塢նħô𾢣ôʱûһˣ嶼˵ιģʵǵĵСħ̵˳ʱ˾ͱסˣħ̺嶼ʲôöɽۻ֮
Ϸˣ˰죬ڲͷƵģѷһУ᰻ϢȻһ䡣
ô£
Լðһ󵭵ĺôϤôȻ̲ס̧Լַȥؿ˺ü顣ģЦˣ㻹֪أ
ֻӿͷԷͣĪķߺ޺ŭ֫ٺ
ȻâɽµǸҹħ̵ӳ֡ǵ书ΪʲôܴӦӲϾȴɱ
˵עǷޡʦ䵭ֽ䱸ע̬ȣԼ书ƽƽȴڷ˽ⶾỨǡ
̲סЦˡ
ԭˡ
ԭ޵һֱħ
ʦŶӷԸ̵Żնһ·ʵỨôĹЧأ˵ҪЧһ껨ǽⶾϡͨˡ
Σûһ˿⡣ʵ֪˲ô
Ӧ㱻ٿȥԼְĿڣݺһת֮Ӳ˺Ƥ⡣ƤðŽڵ̣̲סУߣߣ
ѾˡѪɫʧ˳ֳˮӿ롣
͵ҧ⣬ʹĶ˲ͣ١ǹڰֳ뿪
Ȼ
ֵһ˲񻰱ﱻֲʳƤ̱ȥ
͵ڷӴܣһɤڳܲסһڣ˹ȥ
ƹۼһҪ¡
롭֪ô˰

ϵʱһ
ׯһֻ˪˵Ƶģսսظһϵᰣһ˱סĴȣ۴ޣʦ㣬Һ㰡
ȱ޺춯أϸһȦܺãȻûˡ
һѣ
һȻûƶׯĨһᣬɵضűߣµʦ㣬ֻǣֻ֪ʦ䣬ȥˡͷؿһ
㲻ˡƽ
Ϊʲôׯ۽ɴ󣬡㡢ҵˣ
ûش̧Ļģ
üһ䣿
ʦǾʶ
ϸŵĺڵ÷ĳǳʶƵ䶯һ¡ŷǶǻģϽתͷȥ
ȻǣȻΪ˭ģ¶ζı飬ֻû뵽ᱻ˰·غˡ
ׯһĲš˰ΣתʦǾʶǡǺϣ
ֳ־ϲ˵ԭĽһ㰡

ϵЦάֲȥˣ÷ߡ
ȵȣ᰽ס÷˰ɣ
ңׯ֪ؿһۡ
ҳɻ飬Ȼߡ
Ҳ
ȱžܾᰵĻû˵꣬ͱϣˣ㲻𣿡
һߴǣپҲ١

ᰴû롣
ˮŷùˮǽ©µĹ⣬ԼƼĶˮ䶯ˮ͹һ飬ϸĻᷢһˡ
롭
ˮӰ˶
ڰ䲻һŮ˵㵹мġ
ᰳȥŮ˵Ӱֻ֡ʮͣüƣ̬۽Ƿһ˿̱Ӳ˫ʺ죬·һ˲ҪγѪ
˫΢΢ôǸ𣿻Ծ˵ʱȻ
ĸסܿ϶
޻ЦЦĸΣǱȲһڻԵŮˡ˵šһ˾Ǽͷ
ˣҲĶӰ
ü˵ʲô
޻Ŀĵˮе룬̧־һƳ档һҪֹۡһ°ѳķ顣
ͬһ˻ӵ´
ҧ޻㵽ʲô
޻ֵؿһۣʲôҽѵԼĶӰǰյᰶߣҪǲ޸Ǿ͸ϰӣҪޣô͸޹˰ɣ
᰾ǻбŶӵӼ޸˵ģ׶ӣʲô̼˺ݵģ
Ҽ޲޴޹ذɣ˿һŶԷ
޻ʲôЦƵģЦᶼˣ޹أΪôӳģƾҪ佻ôģ
㻹֪ɣ̤Ьٴν񵤣ʵֻһֹƶѡ˵ǴѪұ˲˲顭Ȼûϴ
ôᰵĻ͵ضסȻ㡣
ǰϮȺˣǰ˵ֱʡ
˻һ߹һᰵĶ˶޻ҩ
ĽȻֹһ߬ס޻󣺡ҩ
ҩԻڻʱ򡣡޻ĽζȻǺܳãԸʹԸۿף
ɵ˵ȴ񶾵Ļ·ֻҪᰲͬ޸Ͳҩ
ᰱ˱ۣٴʱǰδеļᶨ
ãҼޡ

 38 

˺ܳһΡ
һεᰵһθ棬ϳе, й۲˼, ˵Ȼ, Ե÷ǳ࣬һӵȤһεָıҪһŰ߳ţһε, װư, 뿴ʲô, һͰԼõ嶼ȥˡ
Ұ, Ǳʼˡ롣
εĽβ, ļ£һҲ, ǷһҵĻ磬ϻССֵĸζ, дһ˿˿Ĺ, ؾǻҶ, ȥ֨֨졣
һжġ
ȻǸ˵һһߵߡ̧ȥӭ, ¶һЦ, ֱ߹ȥ, ˵һ˵Ļ
ԣһǼٵģ
͵ؾѣһƬհ׵˰ΣŷӦԼˮ
, ŻĿڣô¶ô׵ı飿
ˮ˶ڰˡĵشͷϴˡ
벻ԹԵҲ²£һεǸŮˡ㲻֪Ҫ޸ˡ
벻мֱ˵ɱ˻ŵ㡣
޻Ҳ⣬ֻ
ʲôʱ򣿡
죬ϡ
һƳĥʹʱ᰿Ļ
Ϸʵı齥ʧһĨЦŲӵܺҵɣԺµĺӣʵ֮ô˵ΪƭңĥҡҲ²ôҵģòǱǿ
޻Ŵ
ȫޣڵϷڴӹơ
һǿһʹϮ۵ֱӣ˵ˮ컹ͣ϶¡¶ˣҾ˵˭ϡ㰡
Ļ
Լأ
ϲ߸ϵļ̤ĥһ̼רʹǡԷԽʹ࣬Խִ˲ƣСĸӵദģʽδı䡣
һǷӡ
Ƴܿˣһ֮ˮлָ˼ž޻˫ۿնضˮ棬ЦЦƿ޷ǿޡǸˣǸˣ
ĳ˼ܿ챻ˡ
뻩һˮˣ
Ƭ̣ʥŮϣûȤף
޻ɤӵʲôʸҽף
˿ȣ˵һ仰
ʲô޻ʱͫ׳߬סеդòôʲôʱ򡭡˵ģ
üЦһԼȥ֪ˡұ̫붯ֵģʥŮķӦɱ˶ˣɱһҲνɣ
޻ҧŭ˰Σ侲֪˵ԳСħִ̹ᣬ᲻Ҳ
Ҫʲô
ֵ֪Ҷ˵ôˣ㻹²
޻վӣ˵ͷãҴӦ㡣
Լ󣬰ִˮϷķ϶Ѫһει䣬δһȦһȦβʯںˮ䷴ص·ǲںڰ淢˻
ʡʡɡѪ̫ˣҶҪˡ
һض࣬һȵ·࣬ΨĽҩࡣǰ޻в֪еǰ취ץס
˲𡣡ܵ
޻ϱĪ⣬ڻһת뿪

ľȻϣſգŬȥǸι״Լ
ϲôӿŮִļ硣˫һʱûޱȣǼֱܽмƤ񣬸ýмƤˡ
ɫļǡ¡
Ҳ˵ͿһɢҩζɫɣѾŬõףԸǳӵʬˡԴ϶Ÿô°Ӳ󣬻أѹ˲ӶҪˡΪôɣô˵ɡǸã
֪ʲôɫŹ֣һ
ܿ͵ˣټһɡ
ˣĻ񲻽л񣬽м
ϵļƤӶʱˡ
ʲôȥ˰ɣˢһ°ˣῴɷ壬̱費ܱǿƿ·ӴӺ󱳵ĳ嶯ֵ쵽ǰƸý˰ɣ
޻˵ʲô񵤡Ĺƣû˵Ҳ֪లô꣬ӦòǸƵ⡣ֻֽˡ
ƺ̽ʵ뷨
ʲô̽ģ
᰿Ҫ̲סʱŻڵܹһԵĹơ
ùһαʧȻҲ̸Ͻⲻ˵ˡ
ģ
ᰶԴ˱ʾػɣĲһСȡ
ûҪƭ㡣鲻ѣ㰲οҽ˽
ˡᰰ˰֣ȥɡ
ϾҪʼˣͷæòɿʱӦָӣ糬ǻģϣ̵ʹһ㡣
ҡʵҲ㻵ׯܵþȣô
һߣ᰸Ͻ·ɿȥ¹һûУղޱȵĸоˡ
ֻǽŰɣοԼ
ܿ㿪ʼˡ
źĿۣͷϴһͷ״ࡢͷСܶĽڡµվˣɫ԰ףǵȴ쳣ȡĸҲˣԵһЩλϡᰱһ·ǰߵʱŰչӭӡ
վԱʱսýһùá
һ㶡
ϸ˵ҵĹùá͵ħҲһʼʥŮԼʮǰϽӳȥһλŮ޸ħ̽λŮֲĽʥŮµŮȻȻҲ̳ʥŮš
ѹ֡
ѹϽħ̵Ĺϵô΢ԭǹϵõݡ
ļͨҪһϵиֵۻҵļȻɳһνˡ
޻ϣ¶һĨѺõЦµְץ֣
Ƴһ۽ׯ֪ǻ룬һֱ㶵˹ȥ
޻ȡĽƽɵߣ̱ʯȥ˫Ĺ⡣ᰵĲһ߲Ƶġ̲סɪһ£ȴ޻ΰס˲ӡ
𶯡
ȥЩ᰺ϵҲ÷
𣺡ʱ˰ɣ
˼һе̫ˣ޻ԲôģЦһʱˡ
˵գᰲϱһ˱ʧȥ֪

аԲˬ
ǲǸֽҶľżˣ
Ȼʧȥ֪۾仹ʹڻάŰ޻ǰƣȹڿ˰죬ҲûȵĶֻǰŵĽ߷ɿػ޻ץ
ʥŮЦеˡѹŭÿſ󡣡
ƾʲô޻
ƾʲôӦõİ
һ뷴ڣϽʲôط
˭㿴ˮ˭ħӳӲţŮˣοʲôʱУΪʲôҪʱ֣ⲻǴǴϽȻǸӣӣ
ҶϽ˽⣬١ܳȥʲô¡
޻һֻᰣһ׵ļͷϴڵ֡
Ҵˡ
ҲˣĬĬһ䡣
޻ֱۺݺһӣһȷۣɳʯƽʱѾܳԶ
ŭݺݳϰµӣ׷

㵹ڣ
ѣиҪŭ
Ȼڡ뵹ǻָɢģǰˮɳȪԡصĸо
ⷴӦӦ˰ɣٺЦû׷ϰɣ
޻֮ǰһˮΣһ¾֪ĹǸ㲻Ѿ˹ˣҲǲѼôǱˣƾʲôƾһ
Цû֦Ҳ룬ɾûйˡˣûйĹƶɾͽⲻˡ
ʲô˲𰡡
롣ƵĻҾͿһӸһˡ
̧ͷʱˮϷѿտҲ                        
лҪ˵ڽӵѾڴ壬ȿĸȷһԤѽվ͸
񼹫СɵӡƺпʵܹĹŮvsС̫
˳׷Ī#Ů#׷᳡##Ȼǳ嵫ܱ۸޵#ӳ˸ǮǸɫŮ#

 39 

޻ôҲû뵽龹Ȼ
, ֪Ǹ˵䡣, û뵽, ᰾ȻҲɱǸˣ
޻ɫɷף᰸˲ϵ֣˫, ֪Ļµģ֣
᰻, ͷĽڱ, ˿ͷɢ, ȥСֿ˵ĻȴѪ, רʹš
Ρ
·ϣ˺ܶࡣӼ͸ﲮ, һְ󣬸, , 縸Ůô, ʵû˽Լһֻδȫѱĳ˾ͶŪ, 벻һߣӽʱŹ, ·ֻҪ¶, ͻһ¡
Ǹ߹ء
ָƣأ˭ʷҲãҲգĹһŲ֪ôһ, ôһԴҵˣ־ãȻˡ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôйƣ֪Լħ
𣿺Ҳûһ˿񵤣ȴǶĺӣǵûսúóΪףöԷҪڵĹƣ󣬶ɡ
㿴°뱲Ӷиˣֱ御ıˡ
ʱ룬͸ֱɱҲù۵ˣĥ
Ҳ룬Ϊʲô֪ͼһֺ˼ȫ޵ĺأ
û˴ȫд
᰺Ȼˡ
˵޿Ե֣ʵʦͽֺγأľӪʱ֪޾ʱȥܹ鲻֡Ե
ұԵȫһǮûǮɻҲûԵ
Ǿ͵Ϊֹɡ
˱ۣ˵ﲮƵλáѩ޵Ȼ޻߲ݵش·ܿ͵ͤݳһСҹ˴ѩľű紵ø֨֨죬ϰ͵ƺڲظһϨˡ
ֻʣǰŻĴ
޻һˣŵʱڷεȲһ߶ľţ󲽴˽ȥӭСһһڵϡ
㡢ʲôˣ䣬ӱصȥ޻һƵĴСܹܿʧڶߡ
ſˣĿԡ
ﲮƵ᰺޻Թһ˿顣
ȻԼԵѾл̲סЩʧ䡣ȥ޻ȴϵıʮŤ
ǽӲ˫ҵض·˾ñطˣ˫΢޲ҪԷǧУץסԼֻ϶غݺ߬·ŵǶԷĲӡ
Ǽɱ˵ķӦ
ﲮɨˣλʩ𣿡
᰻޻ţûһ˿ֻʹҧסӵֻ֣šſҡ
ﲮƵᰣһۿĻңϽͷһ޻ŴʧзӦϸﲮƿʱı飬ɫر任˰ΣŰ˺ݺһƣ
ᰳһѩæӵϵָƳһﲮƵ˵ʲô޻ߵĽŲĶסת˸
˶ûӦʱһӰһ˲ﲮƱ㱻˿ס˲ӡ
ʲô޻־ңݺݵ
ʦҪĬĬ
ĬĬ˽ڣһַɿﲮƱ˵㣬סѨһ˵ϡ
޻û뵽Լᱻ˷һ̲סƾ㣬Ҳҵˣ
еĺµĲӶʱ𣺡ţƾҡ
ħʵǰ¶ҲزȥʦˣҲԸȥǡ׺ȥδӣδһã
ȻˣôΪʲôȥħ̣
˵书벻°Ҳʤǿʦء
ľûȻʡ
޻òУ֪ĺҪʲô
Ƿˡ
ԥǡ£
޻ҧгݣǶ˵ͨһ¡ɾﲮ̾˿
ˣ
棺ˮƽħŵϺ𣿡
ô㻹ħ̲ɣ޻͵
ᰶ˶٣̵Ҳǲԡ
ڵħһ޻һ롣޻ӷַӸ㶨ڻ£ôʦڻƽִۣʧûָء
ⲻ˵ħ̾͹ˣ
ʲôħսҲشˣÿĹֲ˾ˣ롪ĳԼȥɣùܡϸ˵ţǲ֪ϲϰ
᰺˷
Ҫ޻ѣû뵽أһɣôҪ۷
ٿ޻ʱᰵ񶼴һ˿м벻Ϊˣһ˰
ǵģΪ
򰮶򰮶ޡ
ղͿǳ˼ۺĳǰõĳԹ
ֽ˽ﲮ̲סݳһԣ漴ʧЦ
αأ֪ɱ
ҩ
޻֪˵ʲôЦһûнҩҩҵѪһţҺúõĻšɱҰɣ㲻ܣɱôɱĸһ𣿡
ûġᰵ
޻һ㶡
Ĳ
ʵҲ޵Ͳأ
⻰û˵Ǹ˼޻ļŭ£Ȼף̲סŭǰǸСģ
ˣжʱ޻̾˰ҡҡԼ
޻˶٣ƽ֪һʱ˵⣬ʱĵ⡣
ĸɱģ
޻ᰡᰵ˵ͷǡ
һ⣺ʲôϵ
ﲮƺҪ˵ʲôᰶ˶٣Ž˳ص
޻Цһճյﲮƣʲôϵ֪𣿺ð㡪
ʮǰħ̲ǵħ̣ҲǵĽ
ʱĲǵһ룬ҲΪС񡣶Ľơ
ⲻȻҲûں
壬׳̽ġͷβĴ˵ɧҲϧǵıī˵˭ϳȡ˭׼˭ĳ־˭
˵нһˣһµ¥Ůӣд˵ĳŵŮǻʼҵĹ
֮磬
ħʥŮ㱻Եߵû嵨ֳȻ֮ˡ
㵱ѣͲΪŮͣôЦ
Ӳؾܾתȥ֪ѾһŮ˵ͣˡ
ټʱǸģֻüͷ۽һŮʱʵ÷񣬼ʵĿȫǣȴʼûмŮ˵һƬ½ǡ
˻̫ˡ
ʹ뾡취ɢǣƣգŮɱ¶ԶʤһԽ뿿ԽҪ˺Ͷ飬ȻҲ
ûãǹƥħ̵׳ٱڽϴˣͬʱħ̽ˡϢȻˣþûг֡
ΪҪʱڳˡ
ǸŮˣĺҲˡΪ˴ΧħʥŮ
ѣȴ˺ۣӴ˲֪٣֮޽
ͷƤըˡ
ʲôŰĹѪ飡ôдһ˶ôŵ
޻Ϊʲô̬ˣƫִĸԣӦĸԸӡ˵ˡ
ﲮƵֶ˶᰺ĵذѨ⿪û
ˡ޻ĹâҰǧУȻְһһƬι˹ܹʹܹĿ࣬ҪһһС
ûﲮ૵һɢơ
Զ
޻Ȼ̧ͷˣ
ĬȻ
޻ҪץᰣǾͱˣ
ֱֻ˰·ס
ˡﲮƵƽҵ£ǣˡ
ᰣĵعһ䣺Σ
ᰲʣׯأ
Ͻ
ﲮƵ˵ͷ߰ɡ
޻һǡԭʶ
ֻ˵֪Ƶ䣬֪ԭǾʶô˵ղЩȫƭˣ
ԹһᰣֵˣʲôϵŶԭ㻹ֹأôϵ˶Ƶϣ㵱ǻزɰ
ﲮǸڵģͽ
ѵŮô޻Ц˱ë
ѳס
кβɣ
ʦͽΣΣӹŮ֮»
ƶҲ岻ףҸ޿ܡ
һ˲ﲮƵĻͬװᰶը졣
Ů

 40 

Ů
ʱľ᰺ָܿƽûͣ½Ų, űߡ
ıӰ, ﲮƵ̾һ, ޻
޻ıһ˲ĴͣȴﲮʱϲŮ㡱֣Ǳס˲ӵļС
ȻŮ, û뵽û뵽ȻЦ, ȻᶼЦˡ
֪֪ʲô£ʤߵЦ, , 㲻֪, Ҳ㣬ҲҪԷ, ۿԼ˶ôôô¡
ٶЦҵһ졣
ǵıӦ

ᰲûԶĻһ֪ô, ֻĪĻֲ̿л, һһ, ֳסһԵķʱźĴˡ
ʲôʱӺڰд
ˮˣģô
ᰣһش㣡
ߡ
޻ЦԼ, ᰶ˵, ˮߡ

ˮҪ, һס죬ʹ˸ɫ꣡
·ͷءˮ
᰼ϻ£һ޹ӣɿذϵ, ˾ܡ
ʱСȻ̱ڵأˡءؽи֪ʦ϶೤ʱ䣬ûеɽҲһ޻ܳ˺ǡԼǲ£ڶһˮʹĲһˡ
ƿ޴ڰ
Ϊ֪Էû书᰺ĵذСŲĵطӷһˡ
һ·ɱһǳһŵɽڿ޻˩ϵ
̫ˣ
ðߣô׷
ɾطˮ֣ˮԥƬ̣סֻ֣ϡ
ѾˣֻܿͷĺɫӰƮİѩ뿪ǰ᰻ͷһۣ漴ݡһȥ
ȥĶ
ؼҡ
أ
Ͻ
Ҹһȥ
ˣҪɱ˾Ͻ
ҪɱҵĲǸŮ𣿡
֪
Ȼܣ
е
̫ûˣҹСеģô˯

һЦݳܿûںХķѩС

Ͼ߽磬Сջ
һīɫߣһһžơƱҪʱıһֻֽסŮ˽𣺡ˡ
ǻƣûϵһ䣬ְѾһ
ۣ𻨾ƣһݿȫһҡŮֵҿɲḡŮˣ˭Ȼƣ
ꡰŶһһԲ
ģˮ̲סˣ㵽ôˣʲô˵
˰죬ĳһ֣
ˮָϵĽͷĶһͼָɿ¶һöСɵĳ
ǡˮ룬ǸСģ
šᰵ˵ͷ
һûΣǵǸá
аɣƿһ
ˮŴЦȥ
ᰵ˵ͷҡҡͷ
֪
Ѫͷس˳ߵ߾ŷʵܶ»ûͨߣׯô죬ϼڸô졣֪ħǶôʵأʦǶԲ⣬ɶׯͷϼڣĺݲġ
֪֮ûڽе
Ϊһʱĺ޲Զ̹Ȼܣû뵽ᣬҲѹյһ졣һһۻѹǺ侲
󾢻
ׯɽʱ򣬲ôߡ˫룬ϱȻһ£ְһ㣬ţôߡҲɣ˾ܡ·ҵȾͿޣһغ
Цһô꣬ϲ˴ȵëû䡣
ˮЦø᣺Сء
СˡƬ̣ԭȥô˰
Ϊ˻Ҫס˶٣ţˡ
̧ͷˮڵƹЦ·𲻴ʣȴҲ⵹ˮ񲻹ʲôʱ϶һЦ⣬ǸˣʲôʱƤЦϲ
֪𣿡ĴսˮĶߣʵʦҵٰĵ
ϻһ򿪣ͺѹϡ̵ؽˮֱҪվ²ſһš
ˮ̾һ벻Ļôһ
գգۣʶ
ˮͷųӣ΢䣺ʱΣΪǺˡ
᰺ܺ棬ôˣʦǷֵˮ¶ûء
أʲôŰ£ζ
ûУŰеġˮƱյߣӢ۾ɵĹ£ûʲôýġ
һǿϹ
ǰôġˮͷ
ǶĬûǸֻڴ˵еŮˣǸƵֿǸһȴյŮˡ
ûĺҲͦã롣
ˡſڴ
ûüشڵĵơۡһˡ
ű˴ƿһӰվſڡ
㡭һ֣֡
˴һ£¶ãȻı飺ڸʲôѽ
ˮüȻѽ
ȻôˣһƵܵߣԥŸòʱߵӣ
Ŷֵô̬ôãˣ
ˡˮÿ˵
ûУϣ۶ˮҿˡ
ˮûûûתͷʹ˸ɫòᰡ
ŵеĹ;òԾˮô˵жʱӿһЩǳٶ˵ĶᰵԽԽӡ
ȣһԴнеһļ黭棬˿﷢ë
£
ͳˮһмֵһڵ֪ǰͬһ˺СС˷һ¡
ͷ룬ֽ̧ҵϵߡˮһ˲Ĵͣ漴Цһ
ȴΪ˸ػ᰺ˣûϳԸû֮ǰĲ졣֪ȵҲأԲʲô¡˰ѳֲס
ţһԡ
ģ̽ؽһ
᰻תͷƺ˭ΣŶһ롣
Цü䣺ҡ
ôȵôࣿƺýһ߶졣
ᰲһ£ÿ
Դ䡱һըˣ⡢ǡ
еڶλ
Ц޺һиÿģҪҪȥҷ
ˮЦ˵ÿ㱻
Ϲ˵ʲôʵһۣתͷЦеطᰣһֻҡβ͵Ĵǡ
ᰡһʲô
ģã
šá
ϵʱʵѵģֽǸӣ˺üĲܰһ仰˵ڡ
¶һ׵Цһģһ
ǵòɱԼ֣㵱ǹʹ㡭˵ûͷûԣȴˡ
ֲôˡ
ôڴߡ
ããõ᰾Ҫ˯ʱ
Ͳ˵ʲôοһ£
ҪҪƺҡ
Ҫ

 41 

ܾպΡ
űһŤŤȥӰ, ̽ʵ룿
Ť, 洫죺~~~
᰷ͷۡ
ΪʲôǹܲסԼأ
һתͷ, ɢ䣬رۣڵرҡʱͷˡʵѵġ, ʵ˾Ƶ˴󲿷ʱ䶼ѵ, Ծƺʲô, ʵǽڰ, ˳ˮ, ôҲ˵ϴΡȿ, Ҳա
ʱ˿̣ѵؼǵô, ôϵĴ, ôѵ·, Ȼ󡭡ˡ
û˶𱻽, ׼͵͵´·һֻŸղڵ, һֻŵĽͱסˡ
㲻㸺𣿡
᰻ĺëˡѸײڶ֮ƷɿץһǱӵǰ, ȻŸһͷ
붥һºòӻô飬Ҷемܲסأ˵ŵؿ
ᰣʲô֮ʣ
ʱˡתͷ, Ӳε̫ɹƨˣˡ˵ŰǼ·
ʲôȴ˵
ûа볯ͷƳһۣĽ̫ɹƨɡ
˿ˣ칻ˣֹ½ǣҪʹݵ뱻ӡ䲻͵̧֣һƿ˱ѡ
Žɹƨɡ
͵סۡ
ɲ뿴ʲôƨɣ볤۰
šҲҲˣһԼ߼¶ڴ⣬Ҽ䣬ֱ淭ȥ
һ˲ĻңĵԼЦˣϽֻסĺԡ
û취϶סģֻ˶ΣҪͷԵͺá
ôһ᰼űӣϸ룬һǵᰵڵϵʱ˴һµ䣬ϡ
ꡱ·Լ߹ѵǧصǱĵ棬Ϲĺô̼
Ŷԣ׻һֻ֡
ڨڨջ֣ϽСҡҲ뱣ѽ
ᰣҪлл˱ڡ
ɣû·ַ
ǶлŶûصһۣҪźıƿˣ˵
ׯһɴ۾ؿ˿Ȼĵغˣٺˡˡ
⴫ˣ
졣ȡѵˣӽ쿪ʼƣɫ泯󺣣ů
ôһ֣ǳˣһ϶ûи˵緹ʱׯüŪ˰죬Ҳ²ᰵʲô˼
Ǹׯӵط룬ӽлһ˿ʦ㰡
š´һ飬ôӳģ
գۣǵ̨
ׯüİɽ
ɾ˵ˣׯʵһᣬȻ͵һ˵ǴС㱻˽ߣð̣ڴʱһ˴裬ֻһ
죡ᰶͷֱ˵˻
ׯС˺ܶ࣬ȻһУȻ󡭡
ǲǣһ۵˦ȥ
ᣬᡣׯˣʵʵҳȥģҴ˵ˡ˵ȥģһʱԾͷˡ
š⻹˻
˵
ȿȣ͵ؿׯʱŵ
˵ʲôᰴߴٵ
ûʲôûʲôׯҡҡͷ˵ɺѽŪĸѽɹ֮ģ˵ĻûҪ˵˰ɣ
šᰶ˶٣ȥɡ
ׯɫһร񣬸ɴ½ˡ
ʲôҪʵģ
뱾ΪϽ£Ȼ书
С޵ֹŶԣǹħĵҲûʲôϰߣеĻҲ书̫ǿҲ֣̫įˡ
һҭء
ʣָûнӴħ̣ҲûôϰˣôԼ֪ħأ
ҲƣܸĹйذɡʹ³Ҳ㿴˵ʱͷЩԾ˵ڻֵָʣ֪ΪʲôһֲΪôô֡
ǵһտˮ书ͣͨһһʽӳ˱ˣԼˮںö֮ѺҲոˣҲ̻ˡ
³ֻ֪ȥﲮˡֱﲮҲһ֪⣬ȻҲȡ䴦İ취λ˼֪ԼŮоȣԲôĵط
ô飬ôȥδӣ˾һ֮ˡ
Ǹħȱ𣿡״⣬ʵŵؿٽġ
ȱʲôʱ򡭡ͻȻɴۣ㡢˵һ飡
û˵顣ᰲһŢ̌Ⱦߡ
½ǱקסһЦ绨˹ħأÿ¶ӣ԰ס̰ᣬ𣿡

ٴâɽʱᰵϴȫͬ
ϴʱżⶾȽ궾Ҫϻȥμִᣬûʱ˼һ·ľɫâɽݵļ죬ҲݱߡĽԼȹڿԺúһķ羰ˡ
Ź֡
һɳһϳաһǧټһȺ£һȺߴߴƺƵԹǰ˷ܺľ·һš
᰾еͷۡ
Ǹɡ
ԭֻһƿһˣˡ
絽˵طӣһȺ˲Ƶ׷Ǹǳְ򵼣˭˳ۣׯʵٰ׳գҲǳȰׯļ
ûǴȰ
Ǵ˵еС
һܼȻϺܿҪˣǺܿǾҪһµˣ˱ϣϱ䡭˭ʲôأ
˷ܰӴħ̾Ҫɽԭ
󻤷ᰵ˳ݡϴαҴҸϻʱֻϻﱧѾԵķˣԸһ䡰ɨɾ
Ǽͽ״ңΪûסŭ𣬽ȻǷ˳֣һνʵֵˣƢҲһκõöࡣ
ϳͶ¾
ᰵ˶ϣ̾˿εǰߡ߳һͣ£ֻͷ
ԼڸʲôᰣôԼôء
Լûע⵽һĨЦϢǡ
ϣ󻤷ͻȻᰵš
˷ˣȥɣַˣڲ᰻ˣ˺ر𾢣͸һֲֿ´˷ܡ
޻˵ҩѪ⻰мֿŶȡӶԣϿŶƸУʵӲԼݣԱҲݣ޻ԶôĥԶһ׸ĺӡ޻һƥǣ͸ǿڵԾ
оԵİѱ
˼Ž취֪ϴεķǰϸһ֮ǰ龰룬ֳĵɿϻһ
󻤷ʧɫһѶҪ벻˻˻һû˾ʲôû˰
ᰣ
ˡἷһ󣬸Ѫð˳
ƿţѪȥ
û´ĻѪҲܽⶾ


 42 

û뵽ԼѪȻˡ
Ӧûһ뷢, ߻ħ, ˭ʶ, һܣ漣ĺˣڶΡϸ˵벢ûзĻ, Ӧþʮʮ, һֱ, Ӧ, е, ôɾ͸ȥˮƣһͻȻô죿ͥڵֱӸɣҺһֱ, ֻˡ
ҧһڡ
ǰһ룬ˣѪӦҲá
׳ʿӢ¾׳, һҧһ, ˷ڡӺŴѾȫ, յһ۾ͷ뱳λãתͷ
ϴ, ᰵĿȤ
˵, ǶѪȤ
ʵ㲻һͷ
ļһ·, ʮʮ֮ܵ´󼪣ֻܹܲ޳ˡ
˶ʮҲǰˣһŹƵ, ̽ӣƨɣѸ첲ڡȮǼ»¡
ᣬѪػζ
Լ¡
᰾бҪһ£ʱܲ
ȣܴˡϴεսֿʼʹˡ
Σҧԣʹ
˵ͣͣ¡𣿡
ʵԼҲûϵ˽˾ͰΡֻ볢һ£ԸƽȶԻһǡʶġ
˺ðΣ̧ͷޱġšһ
ȷһ飺ˣ
޲š
ᰣ֪̱ˣ
Сذݹȥһֻ߬Ķ̵û취ûǻںϧġ
ͷһȻݺҧ˿ϡ
˻
ջƤϺ·Ŀҧʱ۵һţһʶҪȮĺסʱɿ졣
ޡüһڣȻĨһǣϵѪ˳˼
ᰣ
Ļ㾹ң
ʡžĴͷϣڴӳ˼лعü
ᰣ
˵Ļ
ԡ
һ롣ǴѪֳһɭɲЦǻˡ
Ծ̫Ծˣ
ϴֻմһѪѣͺָܿˡڡ
ᰵͷһⶼ˶Ѫˣôһ㷴ӦûУ
ߣ
ٸȥûָǣһȳ˸ˡ
⣬תܡˣϰ֮ɻľǰ¶ǰ˺޷¶󱳣ֱǶ˵ѽѽѽ˵׻ʵս鲻㣬Ҳ᷸ôͼĴ
ȻŹǰĻᣬһǰסļתʱʶԼĴ󣬵Ѿˣת϶Ϊܾ˳ѣʵ֤̫ˡ
ƳֵֻʱᰵͷƤˣһ˳ż׵ֱš͵ذظһ
û뵽ֹ룬ллˡû뵽һУƺһڵزˡ
Ǹ߶ȵĻ
ˣʲô˵Ĳλ
-һɿشӵ𣬵Ȯʳһ㣬һҧסᰵ֣Ȼģؿ˿ڡ
ǰһڣѪԽԽ࣬첲ҲԽԽʹ޶ͷͷƤҪˣ̩ɽûаƶ
ѵĳ˽Ҫɥڴ
ɿʱѾɫɷף֫·屻Ϳա
˹һҡҡ׹ӣжʱһ˿ա˻ᰣι㲻
ðǣףôһΣ㶼Ҫˣû˵ʲôˣΪҪһΣʱŵס
ûˣһζûˣ

ذ˱´βҵһҲܺõġ
ʧѪ࣬ûˡ߱ߣοھɫôͲҪǿˡ
챻ᳶ˳᰺лҪ˵ڴظȥ
衭ڡڶ


ħ̵ĻʳͻȻˡ
룬ԲμʲôѪʲô
ˮһȦСӣᰣ˵ǲϲˣ
һȵɤۣȿȿȡ
㣡ˮϽĺ󱳣Ѻӿȳˡ
ᰣһĸ׵˵Ļ
ûкӡڰȵȥ
ˮжʱ⣬С𣿹ֲá
ᰣ
ûӣûСַԼϣֻվķûųġ
棡ˮ֣֪ˣ֪ˡ
ׯأ
һ˵ׯˮϾ͸ֳһصı飺ʦŲ̫ǴС𣿡
Ŷ
ѩˣҪԼѩֻ¶ͷֽţɽء

ɳϣȻǾ䡣
һһԶع⡣ţֻߣӣͷϹһ㱡һһ˶ߵѩѩһԴ֪ЦûĻ۵ãʱͨ졣ᰳȺһʦ㣬ԣɺˣ
ᰣˣ뵱ˡ
뻹Ҫ˵ʲôͼʹ˸ɫϱ죬ׯһʦϾҪ˲ǲҾ˵ȫҵɱ𶳻ˣ
ׯأҲ̫˰ɣ
ᰰ˴ԡ
šɵͷ
֪Ķ𣿡
̫źˣãһôأ˵
̨ʶô˵ʲô
һѪںͷ²Ϊ
֪ˣⲻûûûƤЦԺ༸־ͺˣҾ趼ϡ
ᰣ
ҪǸȦס
תͷһˮѾѩ򣬰ׯȳˣ˴źް߶Զҽòֺ
šһһɣ
Ȼ᰿˵İѩȥȻԡ
Ƴ͵ɫһʵҲͦõģô
֪һֱҪһңҪˣڶˣԺ󻹻иࡣ
ᰵͷšһ
ϣ
󻤷Ĵ˶Ļ롣
ˡҴܽǸЦһ㾶ֱ룬ѻĶݸ
뷭ȥؿ˺ü飺ţģ
󻤷ɫ΢Ͻ
롰Ŷһһ󣬡䡱һ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
ߴһ£Ʈɢڿеķĩˡ
󻤷ϲ书һ㣡ڶ͸ֽʶˣ
ļٵģܾҵ̡
᰻ɵ롣
΢΢һЦ͹ϲˣҸ뿴Ͻš
Ϊʲô󻤷⣬һǸƶйصأҪǣдţǴͷñǿ̵ˣ
ΪҲʶְɣ

аŶ
֪Ͻưոݡ
Ȼֵû죬ɽ¾ʹϢ
һϢһϢ

 43 

ϰϢ
Ͻ֮ǰţǱ˺˵Ƿ⡣Ȳظ, , ħ, ãϾСӾǸӵģֵһ, һ, һ㡣
˵һϢأ
һ, һЦ
ɽŲ, ϸŸħս顣, ʮ˴һҲǹҪġ
ˣ
Ͽܲ𣿡ܸء
Ҳԡ
Ϣأ
Ϣǡˡ
ᰣĪڶҡ
ʵαչ, 书϶һˣһ궼򲻹ҡùҲҴ򰡣ڷϼô, ߵ˳ʦ, ң, ʦй׽ɶԼֻоη, ǵСʱĴİء
οһ, ֲ˼ܱ, ηħ̸㲻þһֲ߻ġ
Ĳ𣿡һϸ۲һᰵɫ
㿴𣿡
һʵʵҡͷ
һ¶Բߡ
ʵôԼս飬ԼսĽôʮ˴һܹŶڳŵ, ħ̲ң˵Ҳţ
ȻȻҪӦûµġ
ŶĻ˻ȥ
ʵأ֪ɱҵҵе㿴ˡŪ·ϵĿӣһֱΪ˹ģڷ֣ƻǼʶˣûûµŮʲô
ƭɱƣԼ²ȥְˣ˭ɱ޻İ֮ˣк³ĽýָͷܲµĸŶһΪһŰһӵᡣ
ɬİ飬Ľ֣û˼úܣ
ᰵһ£ʲô쳣𣿡
һ۹ᰶʱȩ̈סչʵش𡣡
ðɡʧתһ룬ھ֪˵ʲô˵ʲô˵ѾӳϬĵز˰
̵һŻشеͷۡ
ᰶʱϴηûָʱԭö࣬ǲ޻ֽţ
ûϴˮĳ棬Ҳã˳Ҳãոһյĥֻɥʧǡ뻹һѣûбɸ޻һķӡ
˭֪أΪ⣬ֽΣ
ŵϣͿʼžžˡ
ַˣ
ǳһɫأɿԷȥϴηҲɣȻôˣ
ԷŶûˣׯվԺ̽ͷ̽ԣҽȥһ᰾æؽôˣ᲻ᡭ
ᰵһۣɿȥ
Сİʦ㣡ŵȥ
ϴλҪءſɢѾƬľţεĶϱ۲к˺ѵĴʱһ𣬰ȴѾʵĸ첲ΡΡصǽϡҵǱһͷ¿Хȹ
˵Ĵ´һϸ/ü߹ȥһ۾ͼ˫Ŀնû롣
ϵ˿ڻûã̵ѪҺһʧĸоաǵ̣̾˿һֻϻһ
͵ĻʳѰɣ
ĵлƤһ΢ĲѪܿ䣬᰷ɿذݵߣͬʱһֻϵĵ׼ȷĲӡ
ʵ㰡
ɲٷϴεĲҾ硣
뻺תͷѪǣһƬƬ÷ᰵĻ֪ǰŮʱҩģʵʵ̧ͷһһµ˿ڡȵͷ̼˿ڣýǵ˫ˣᰶʱһ飬ʶһ¡
ҩ죬ʱˣüٶȥˮֹѪãܿ죬˿ڱûѪˡܲˣһҧȥʲôƵģƤ£ҧһСڡ
ǵãҧԣʹ
˿̵룬һֻ׵õǵĺӣСؿͱԣۡ
ĵˣԴ
֪˶ãϵʧˡʹգգۣŷԼղžȻ˯ˡ벻֪ʲôʱˡ
Ϊûָһĵǰȴֺܺã´ҪŶ
̧ۣͷϹһյЦŵŷ
Цݹǽ֮ϣܿȥұ
֪֡
ͨҪʱǰ¥һķǶ˾Ϊεһûǰֵ췭ظҲǰȥš
֪Ը˿ԼһͷҰޣһ˿Ǻ϶Ȼ޴档
ԶǸŵġġ覵롣
˿ͬʱ̲סģֵܼԼսʱ
֮Ĺƶһηˡ
ʱħ̸ɵԼսֻʣˡ
⼸ѪΪһ׼ÿһ㣬ÿһ㣬һƺѪ㹻ⶾˡ
Ȼûãˡ
֪µֻᰡһˮׯֻ֪ʦҹҹϸ衢ȥˡ˺ϼһ£ȥ³
һ˵³ϵܺãĹǿضĵءǶǷ¥̽ӵĵطйˡ
Ȼˡһ
һգգۣһ󻤷
󻤷һãᰡ
ǡ֪
ҡͷ
ᰣ
֪ô³ʲôð
һһ֣ˣǿȥ¥µ
ҪôߣǮ󻤷̫ͬ
ıô࣬ˡ
ᰶԴ˱ʾػɣʱԲѣ˭Ҳ֪ƽô³ϵģֻðһԡԵʵԲܱ¶ֻһ³ȥ漱Ϣͺãϣ³ףܸϡ
¥ڸãâɽɽ²Զһһһӽ鱦ɽܿ죬ˡ
ȴԴ³ĸף޻

ħ˶޻ȻĴ١в˸Ͳ󣬶Ͻ޻޶⣬οħ̱ǿΪ𣬸ǱȸûµŮ˺öˣʥŮΣû书Ҳǰ衣
޻âɽɽ⣬ϱĿ
ֱյĽŲŻۣ¶һĨ䵭Ц⣺󡣡
վʯϣ˸ңң£
޻У¡
롱ִ޻˵ʱĪй⡣һ첽˹ȥ
޻ӻͳһƿѪھӨ͸ƿڻζĳĻ
ҩ
Ҫʲô᰿żɽ
ǸŮˡ޻̧ͷɽϡĵطǸŮ˰ռˡеʱ䣬еǻᡣ
ûдӦҲûܾһֶ޻еƿӡ޻书Զ룬ҲСħַỨᰣټϱݱôֿ꣬ᰵȫһ
ƿڿлһߣУ޻ؿڴˮϽ˵շﳤȥ
ᰴƿšѪ֪ûôɵ
ְƿһԣתɽ
ɽһէ֡
޻ư޿ɾҩĵز޵˳ƻ˭
ˮʮ꣬޻Ϊʲô˺֮ǣ
ˮĴįǾ䡰ûֻŰϵ侲ѳŤ顣
ˮ

 44 

ȷԼĲ²⣬Ϊˮʧˡ
ķֻһţȥ, 
⸱, ᰸뿪, ֻܽħ̵˰æȥˡ죬ˮ·˼ƵģʧӰ١
Լһθˮ, ʱ֪ôĸԼûе, ԸҲм¾ôƮƮ˵˿ڡˮЦҪ, һ֡Ҳͦġо
ԵһĶ
, һ³ɽˡ
³ƿݸᰣ˷ſڵġ
ᰴ򿪸, һ˱ǵѪζӭϸӣǼٵİɣ
³ĹƶϤġ
ŷ, ѽҩι˰ΣԾһȹ̵ļ˿̱쳣, ڴ, һû¶ȵʬ塣ᰴ˴, ĶͷһԵڴߡ
³, קקļٵׯ, ĵ߰ɡ
ׯƳһ᰹ıӰ, Сعɽš
ҹСѩ
ׯͷŵѩʵĹƶܽ𣿡
֪컯ɡ³Ҳתա
Ŷ
궬췢˺ö¶, ʲôʱܴůأ
ʱˡ
ѪҺĸоڻָˡαʱ䶼Ҫʱ·ˮʪɣһӲΰ塣һֽţŷһֱֻ˽߬סˡһֻ̽ȥȻһë׵Դ
һӾˡƣһɨ⣬ֻʣᰡ
⻹ͷһΣһֱֱ֪
μԼԼսֳԹۣһȺ˵˺ܾãҲĴңһͷͼһֻվڱһֻצӰͷϡ
ͷˣ߬߬ȭͷһ߾׽סƺݺһš
Ӵʹһڵϡ
ۣǰġܡһ˲Ĵ˰
ְ㣡ˡ˻αš֡
װģشһ£Цأ
ƤˣüëһǺˣҼðᰣ
ᰵЦݽʧĿڣ㣬ˣ
ᰣ
ִս죬ˡһװ󣬸ϸԼսص㡣
˭ⲻһμ򵥵ԼսⲢǵȺŹ⣬Ҫƴɱ⡣
ʲôŭԹ¶𣿲ûС
ʲô
С
᰼Сʮҳϸ¼ÿһα׷ɱ͵ϮľԼÿһʼٸߵ֡书ƽϢ
ؼǳ
Լսĵصâɽһϡ᰾﷢š
ִսͲƽϽ𣿰ջľ飬ҪôջؼһҪôǷɱ£ʬ޴档
֡񶼲̫
һֱڰй۲룬޻Ľҩԡһ·ĵڵ£Ҳһֱû֢״ŷġ
ϵ˲ûĶ࣬ɽµֺס˺ܶˡûпݣϴִ᲻˶Ѿ֪ˣٲҴҲûˡµǼ
һ·ҡڵɽᰵͷں档ǵɽԶԶؾͿң¶¡Ծ룬ϣỽһ䣺ᰡ
ᰶʱۿˡ
ҹȥ
һѣڣֲ㣬ʲôأ
Ƴһۣɵߵңǰ
вʣңƽ
ȴ̲סʹ˼ۣǵỨûС
ңٲȻʲô֪ˣҪ־͹ְɣֻǲغ
̧ͷһۣ˵ۡ
˵ͷң۵Խļ
һתͷͼЦûʲôֵɫͷҿ˿̿ǲǻһҵ״
˵գһȺ˻һۡ
ô̵ģôͻȻ˵ҲǣҲء
˭ܸǵộ
û˵ǾͿ˰һߣ첲ӵļơ
䣬վǸˡ
ȵȡųһ䣬õһԡ޻һ£ɵϻһ̱Ůˡժͷϵñӣ̧Ů˵ͷ
ڶʱһƬ
ħʥŮȻˣﻹˮɽׯˣʲô
롣޻ЦøᣬǸӵʱЦݣĸ׵Ц
ǡͷЦһ䣬Ҫʲô
޻һˮ°ͣһˮʧỮ㿴ǵĵۣ񰡡
üθɣ
Ȼˡ޻תͷЦŤ֪޵ľ˫ۣĸġĵۣ
ĸӣ
һ㶣æ룬Ϻ֮ɫǻŲЦƺ޻
㲻֪㵱Ȼ֪޻Цüӣ㲻֪ǽŮˣ㲻֪˺ӡ
㲻֪ͽƵĺӡ
ˮ񽥽˵ȴ˿ڣֻص޻
ɫˡ
޻һЦ֪֪ǸӣǸͬӣҲƵĺӣŶԣڽﲮˡӽʲô𣿡
һͷᰴԭء
ճãȻ𡭡
ҵ롣ںˣֻںķӦı鶸Ȼһ䣬ۿɼٶ˫۽ÿնޱȣʱƶķ״̬
޻Цúܷй֮£׸ٳ²£ô룬ô룿
ס죡㻹˵׸ٳ
ֲöôݣԭǱ˵ĺӡ
ˮ͵κκסֻƴ˵ǣ˵
뵭ǡһޱΣ
ΣĸŮΣ֮Ǹħͷʲô
޻ˮǰ͸һ˿񣺡ôǻ˺ӣɼ˵İãһһ֣ϧǶˡ
㵽ҪΣҧ
޻°ͣҪɱˮ
һ㶣ԭɱˮϧ㲻ŮɱԼĸףһʹɣ
ֻǡ޻ϸЦû뵽ǻһϵ
ˣЩ㹻ʹ޲ȥˡ
бȥưôҶ֣۸Ů˺ͺ𣿡ŭģҲֳƵĺˣһ󾪾ַŭĵ
롣ĵ
ᰲһͷԼһ̲סͻٿȻ˷ɿشԹֱ˳е޻޻Ȼʾһӱ㿸סһСٶǰ
޻Ų΢±±ߣˮţգֻһֻſ̤±ߡ
һ𣬵Ȥúܡ
ѷֱ治˭˭һаҴܣǰֻǸ񵽷ָŮˡɱҪɱ
һĲЦ͵˹ȥͬʱ޻һ˷ɿȥ
Ҫ
Ŀѣþƽٶȷ˹ȥ
Ȼһжˣֻü׽סˮĸ첲ǺµӰƮҶڿŵش˸Ȼµס
룡

 45 

  
ɽ֣֮, ĴһĹ, ϸϸȥ, лŮǵĻЦͭǽ֮УһƬ͵Ĳ˵أ˵صľͷһϷ̨, ̨鼷һȺˮŮˡ
˴Ĺ  
, ǿԿʼ𣿡Ůǿź˷ܡ 
̨µһڲ, ָ, ݰɡ  
ҧ䣺 
ŷôԽԽ˰ 
˭ĸˣ 
  
, Ϸ 
ĹŮݵǾս¡ֵʱ̨µһ, ЩѲϡ̨ϵ˶Դ֪޾²ؼԼıݡ  
롱ϳʲôȻҵã 
ʥŮЦϢܾȰ, , ҾҪʹ, бɱҰ 
롱͵ʥŮһ̨, Ļϡ  
ᰵ˰, Ļٶȿ, ˮ͡ȡ̨ϡ  
ˮʧǵعڵϣģҴûйϸҵĶӡҸ֪ƽĶӣ 
ȡ޵֪ˮ, ֪ҺءֻһҺǸˣҺ޲ɱû뵽Ȼħ̵ˣȻẦĺӣ
ˮƬ̣͵˵ĵꡭһꣿ 
ȡһ㶣ѵǶʮǰ 
ˮıסͷԣҵĶǶʮǰģʱѾˣħ̵ˣǡϽϽҶ  
˶٣ĻȻ򣺡ԭ޻ҵԭΪҶƵĺӣԭһֱǸƽҵ޻Ҳҵƣ㺦Һÿ࡭ǣҰ㣡 
˵꣬۽һα˵ˮ  
ⷬȻˮ˵ġѹ֪ǸŮ˭ֻ֪ƿеġȻ̨ŮǸݺִŸıģʵ  
ڶʮǰ޻Ͷ֡Ů˱Ʊ̫ãѹûм档ʱУ޻޷ʾ֭취¹ơΪӹǣܻҲŲӽ  
޻û뵽ǣ֮󣬾Ȼ߼һźӵŮˡڼŮ˵ĿҲڼǵĺӡǺ꣬۵ɰһСĸ׳߷ƣȴĸ׸༸Ӣó֮Ǹˮ  
ĺӻšҲô˰ɣ޻ͻȻðһ뷨Ȼĺûˣǲǿ԰  
뷨һðӲһ賤˲մ˼
԰ǵĺӣ尾ĥʹܹһУҲһһһ飬ǱɱǸã  
֮ǰ޻йһӡƵĺӡ  
Ǻֶλϵģ֪һнòƣӹһҲСƲô룬ſ塢ħ̵壬˽ģҪֳ֮޻ĺӡǺǿģԵǳ͵˰տȣӣټƵΧ׷½أһغزˡ  
ɱԼĺӡʹೣ˼  
ЩǼң۸ᰵġ
ûиʵ֪˹ƣҲ֪Ǵơ񵤡ġҲԱŶŮܲˡȻǵá񵤡üֵᰵָϼڣȡһĲ֮  
޹ľˮ룬ҵᰣʹƺ޻ⷬϸϸƷûлˡԸƫĺ飬˶˵Ŀԡ  
ϸ˵һ͸˶ˡ 
ơ  
ĸʢĽһˡøס  
΢΢䲻̨ϡۡһһĻʼˡԱΪһ֣µʵûǸһѿǣ˫˫ȥϽ˹ƣȻ˿ĺ˼ġ 
ơʼնûг֡  
ϷϣŮǼ̨ϣᰵΡ˰죬һֱΪġˡֻǸȵģġˡǰλһô˵ĸ飬Ƣ̫ãӴ֣ʵֺͦõġ  
ᰳĬ룬˵ͷ 
˻һϲϲȥˡ 
˶ˣ᰻ϡ˰Σ󻤷ſڵˣ컹ɽ𣿡
ᰡһ£ߡ
ˣ֮ǰ³Ľ֮˻³ǰ͵ˣᰲҪֱյţ˵ȥˡ
ԼеЦ
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˺ܿɽûϣ߲ˡ
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ˣȥɣˡһԸ¡
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ȻһˡȻǮˡ
Ȼһţסˡ
⡭³ɣ
Ȼɴֻ¶һ˫ۺͰĲôΡֹ͸һϤķ糾ζԱվŵŮˡ
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Ϥ˼ɳƣʱ档
㡭Ĩһᣬûȥ
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߻ħӣ΢漴Ůˣ硢ꡣ
һûָ̧룺߰ɣ
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˭ѵе档Ůе죬ϵζе㡭ԭָо
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뵱ڷƨһ˫նֱضᰡ֪ôģһ·СϤĸоӿеڴееȲ
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ͱ


 46 

˵Ͳһ𣿡ɵˡ
һֱ³˵ķ, 书ԽԽͬʱ, ڵĹƶõ˺ܺõѹ, ûһ߻ħ
ʵϣĹƶͲͬһ֡
ǵѪܽⶾʲôԭ
³ĬƬ̣ô꣬һֱûڵʲôơֱȥһ˶, ŷһüĿ
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֪ˣ϶иǡ
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֪ܸΪѵĿ϶ˡ
ߵſڣ³ʲôƵģͷҪˣҲȥ
һݣ˵ݵĴ󣿡
ղԼᵽ󡱡ʲôģѵҲҪȥ
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ıʱǷϼͨŵļңʶƣ󣬿ۣһȻң𣬵˽ʮŻָԭ书һͬеûȬ
ڴҪˡ
ʣ϶޻ڴ
еˡᵽ޻飬޷Ǿǣ
˲ңҺҲ޴ˣˡ
ŶҾȻûһҪ취ɱˡ
ѽȻҲˣҾˣҶˡ
Ϊʲô޻ˡ
书Զ룬ҲƶѣôߵĵطˤҲˡ˻ȬĿܣóȻ
ҪʩߵȫһСľͻᱻɡħ̽书ǿʥŮڵ޻Ӧֻˡ
ĳƺ޻ǽ뵱Ķӣ˵ҲĸסԼĴѣֱԼ޴ѣԼ϶ҲԸ׽һǻʵ
Ҳһ꣬һֱȰķѾꡣ
޻Ŀĺˡ
ƵĺʼնֻһһµŮ뾭˵أΪľǰȥûĿŵץ֪书٣ʱû취˰ɡ
ֻǣһֱ޻ô֪ģ
ûʱϸ⡣ȥһݡ
ĩȴˣĿдһֲﱻ˿ĵ˲ʱϵ˾Ѿ죬ʪһ书ǿ󻤷ֲסˡǿһӣڵһվ
վͣһ۵䶡˨׮ϡ󻤷ղ˭ɡ
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һһŮ䶡Լࡣ
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󻤷ûоﲻԡ
˴վС᰺󻤷սԺһײϳˡڵʵʵֻ¶һ˫΢΢ĵۡ
˵ĿƬ̣Ȼ󻺻ժɴĶΪѾʲô˫նʼûκֱɴڵأڵ³һ仰ÿ𣿡
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ҪׯĶ䣬䲻˺֡
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ƺһϤૣˣǸˡ

 47 

һ˲䣬˺ܶ¡
޻ô֪Ĺ, ·ģִʱõĶҩ, ˭֪ߵ䷽, ˭ֽţ˭ºܿʵûм׷飻֮ǰ, ޻ô֪ĳ, ǡɲʱ׷ɱ
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ԽʱԽǲңԱۣŸղżסķλһǰߡ۾ˣȴøСһϤڶ𣺡ġ
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ﲢҵĵһׯ䣬
ҵĵһ׼ˡҵִҪȢһŮӣйӣз֢˵ʲôҲͬ⣬ҵĥӲݣɱ飬ȢšҵܺãҴδĸܴŮôáǲˡ֪һŮҵʱŮˡ
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Եô
޻ˣ޽ƵĿܡ
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