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ⲻ֪ӺüΰоãҪٸҵĺѡˣٸȥҾ˼޲ȥĹʱҾʹҵȹ֮㵱
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ȿȣã壬˼Щ죬ȫ㡣
ãִ֣֮ϣҵòã
ãҡ㡣
ţˣֱӡã㡣
֣ƽ羵żаߺƮ䣬һȦȦ
һԼʮһСŮվСƾźĵӰԺΪѡΪı顢Ļ
죬Ҫñˡ
ѡ˻ţ֡
ѾˣϸlݻƵҶһźʵĵ̺ģôĲ̤ʵ·ƶˡ
΢΢ȹǣҶȹǣһ£ڻҶ֮䴩ӯһֻ˻ķˡ
磡磡磡
һײԽԽԽԽҲԽԽ졣
иãͷи̣¯̻Ҽ磬ŴӣŰӴ

ʵϱۼֻûĶһպƬ֮ϡ
óϡԺյļ֮һϣ£ͯ꿪ɣʫͲ۵ͯʿ̸ѧǣƽʱˣΪǲ
ܶ飬ܴȫţųϵӣһڵСꡣ
ƬԽԽ¶âҲԽԽ٣þɵǰѽ裬ĥ
һƬŮӴһ´÷
ֻʹûƬһٶˣҪ˫ֲסؿڣǿнȥ
ֹֽͣ뺹ʣʲô
ֽӡϱСʵļ⡭ҸëǵģĺÿҸëģҡҷˮݡ
ɫ⣬ӣؿڡѹס࣬ա
ʣʲô
Ȼ뵱ֽʿˮ˵СĻã㡣
ýպƬӽˮˮ˻̹ˮڶһɫķú֮䣬жߡ
̺ĥգֻ˵һ㡣
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˵ãҾ㡣
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ź䣬ͼɢ̣ʣãҲ𣿡
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ŵģ˵֣á
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ԭǸΡ
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۾Ŭ׷ݱδΣϣܹξõĻش𡪡ֻΡ
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ȴˡ糯˾ױƻã˻ʵۣ˻ϻʺ󣬸ķ̫ϻʺ̫̫ϻʺ̫Ҫ»ʹڽܭˣ
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ˣӴϵΪҸ¡
Ǵӹʵ˾ԺͻʺݵŮۺԱϣڽܭǣ֮°ѣӶԣɲô
ܭǴǵһ֮ǣʵһļǱ͵ܭˣûܹ߳
ĩ꣬´ңκ
˾һͳ£ڴ
һסܭǵͽκʵ۲ܷ
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ͽǽ̫ƣĶϱʺϷͽȥģϷ緢Ĳɱ̫ȷûʳԡܭǶˮʳ̫ˡ
ʮ֮󣬽ܭӭĸͽʺϷ硣ţıȽˬ죬һ¡
ԣܭǵĹ£дһС˵
йؽͽ߳ƵĴֻһ߱ʬ˳
񣬽ܭҪӭͽˣһԷޣ̫ϻ˾Ժ̫ݡ
ּӹ̴Ůµæ𴲣δ빬ͱĸսܭļ¼һαˡ
µ˾׵ǻţ£Ϊģ˾׶Դ͢Сʹͣ˻ӭµٵǴ󱦡
㣬ջήͦסˡ
ΪӪµ۵ǻϲľ󣬹ڹͺͺ֦ϹʳɵĻ䣬ӹڴˣһֹƾϰͣеĻƣվڵ߸
Ǵ󲿷ֹûᣬ֦Ҹɫ䣬̫ϻʺ̫󼴽ȥܭǣСѱʲôأǷмᵽʹµһҪ
ٻŵ־ɪûиĸıӻͨ˶¶ǵԺڴ͢㣿
ͣסŲ
˴ߴٵһ㣬ȥ˿¼̫ϻʺ̫ˡ
ҡͷȥδ빬ʲô޷һڱһްˣֲֹҸĸؽܭǡ
һ̾ȥһ涼ڵġ
µڸѹûд̫ϻʺ̫󣬵ܭһɣֻҪȥͱųˡ
˭˵һ棿Ŀһȥฮ
˳ɵҪȥةԮûõģ̫ϻûλگ飬ة顣
ǿԼһĨЦݣɣةҵ游ݶѣ̸¡
ة㣬̫ݵ游Ҳӵ游
Ϊʲô游Ҫ˷ŮŮĵۺ֮λ
˵
ȻʺϷ̫Ȩ˾׵ĵһĻţ׳Ӱ̵ļƲߡ
ļƲߣϷɱ̫ӣһֽ赶ɱˣȻΪ̫Ӹ𡢿壬𹬱䣬ʺϷ͵ܭǶˣӴȨ㳯ҰΪ
ĵһĻĹλʡְ֮׳ࡣ
ȻʺϷ类ˣҪº󡣻ʵΪĿܣ޷Ȣ˭ģʺȻѡ
ⶼ·ˣةܲٽ׵۱ɿܣŪ˷ʺ󣬽ŮܽƵʺλá
ôɣΪǻʼңǻʵ۵游˾ܲͬսɣ/ס
ǣѻʺ֮λĸ˰ôȨɴ˲֮λ㡣
㱾Чةܲ٣ԼŮƵʺıϣǺţŵ̫ͣ˵Һ͹ԱˣҲЦ롣
Ļʺʿ塣Ůǲܵõͬģûʸĸ¡
ҺãиԺաϵʿ֮һ̩ɽϵŮϣһŮΪݣµԸ֮ɫ
̩ɽϵŵиɻԪѫ̩ɽϣ⣬Ľ褻ǽڻʵ˾ʦľ׻ʺ
游ɴ˳Ϊ̺̩ɽϼĵڶʺ󣬳㹻ĸ£һŮӹ
˾׵ˣɴ˵ۺԼʵۡ
ԳʡΪ㣬λگ飬Ůʵ۽λø˾ףλ͡
ӹݵฮй񣬰ݼ
Ӷ˼ڶλһŶϣźƤůϯӹϡ
ӵ׶ϡнӺǣЬ
Ŵһ鳼ġԭҪԺš
űܹٳӡнκʵоƷƣҪ˵٣ͨٵĿ˾ټ˲ŷΪƷԹְ
ٽԳ壬˲ȫƾٸϲãʿΪƷԣٳǡƷ޺ʿƷʿ塱ľ档߹ټʿ¢ϣ 
ɽ𿤺ųȴλ֮λĹ٣Լ¢ϸ߹ٵʿԣֱܴ裬ʿ֮ǣǴһ鳼ȴҲ޿κΡ
Ӻ嵽ة࣬һɱϣףǵʽλĹѹסˡ
ΪЩŴݡ
ˣΪ£ ֪ʣ糯ķϵگ޹ء
Ҳװ£ݴŵģΪСܵĻԽԽҪװҲҪֻʼҵ档
˵ʿҽǰʷ˵κ۲ܲͭȸ̨ˣһ輧رƢ꣬ܲɫʲ׸衣ܲپûӣ輧޿κΣΪͭȸ̨ϣû˭
ֻܸܲ輧Ŀһٸ輧Ǻѵļգһӱĺ͸輧һˡܲʹˣͬʱƢĸ輧ն״
¶ǵİʾǡ輧˾׾ǡܲ١˾װŮŮˣǲӰ˾׻Ѿҵȡ˲ˡ
Ů۵ǰʷ̧ͷۿˣһʶƵģ´˺һᣬ˵
Һͻϵľ֮ꡣǻأһһͨʿζ벻ᵱ࣬ҵŮҲ޷Ϊ̫󣬹޿ܣĲҾ͵ûء
ȻһھͰӸϳฮˡ
ƨµůϯûء
Ҳȥĸݻعź͸ĸ
յ˹ſڣµ˾׾˰ֹѵ
µ۸տʼܱ飬պةЩʲô
֧֧ᣬֱµ۵Ŀ⣬һ麦µСģ
ֱµûģһ˵Ҳᵽܭ𣿡
˫ֽĻ壬ةȰ˵ϣĪҪ̫ϻʺ̫͵ܭǡ
ة˵˵ˣΪ
µ۲ţЩ
˵Ӽæ˵ة໹˵ΪβжǸк
µ׷ʣȻأ
ҡͷûȻˣֻ˵ǸкҪˡ
лҪ˵㣺û˵
ӣ˵ˡ
ã˵ĳ˲ҵˡ
˫1111㿪׼ʱģÿ200СʹǣҶǺð~ö֣Ļк



ʺûӣʹΨһж̫˾hȻʺϷ̫ҽ˳̾ҩƸˡ
̫ҽߵ£Ǻ·ϷֱǹŮ漶
ֻ̺һС⼸ӽ޶
Ǹкǵʲõ̫ӣһ޶ĴɽϷļ̳ˡ
ʱةگӵ¾Ͳһ˾ˡ
õ㣬ˣ˳ϵ۴λҪԭ֮һ
ΪʲôʵۻᱻơΪ̫ϻʣ
Ϊʲô󹬼ǧ
еԭʵڹ׹ѪŤɥ
Ϊ̫ϻ˾Ǹ׳գֻ߰ͯ
׳ճ߹ǽԭʺ˾Ψһĵӡ
޳Ժũϣϡ̩ɽ壬жи߹٣˳ķκ̲⡢һͳ£ũϹû
ʺ磬Ψһĵľİ׳ն˾ԣ۰ᷢޣҲϧԼΨһĵӣ˾Ϊ̫ӣҼ̺ҲԺũϣѡ޵ƵʺΪľչ˰׳̫˾ԡ
̺Ҳӣزˣ֮һֱУưýİ׳̫˾ԵӰ㸧
һ۽ۻǺũϣѴδ׳̫ϣȻ̫УôӰɡ
ۺΪ̫ѡ˼Ϸ統̫Ϸĸ׼硢ĸ׹Գ壬ǿ˼Ϸ統̫̫ӵĵλ͸ȵˡ
̫Ǹֻ߰ͯİ׳գͨ£Ϊ˺̫»ҹڳ󣬴ø׽˾׷˳ô̶˯Ůأ 
̶ְֽӡ
ҺãΪһͳµĸ۵ĺĿӴ󣬰κһ˶ʮӣʮ
̫ˣ۵ѡ֢ϲ֪˯˭ɴϣͣ˭ĹſڣϾͰѡ¶˭ϣֱҪ̫ƽ
Ϊ۵Ƿ׷ڹſˮϲζͣſˮл˯ʵˡ
Ӷ˯꣬۸ɴѡһᡢáḻȥ׳̫봦֮δڽӴ
ӽл˯ʵ˯̫ӣʹ񣬲̻׳̫˯Ůˣˣ¶˾hǶΨһж
̫Ϸ޵ԼϲӾȻڵǰͷˣϷɴ˶л˾hʹ
һ׳̫Ӽλ׳ղ£̫˰ѳ֣ũȨ㳯Ұ׳ջʵֻǸܡ
ʺϷŮûӣ仹ᣬлӣ̫Ϊǣƻʺ󣬻˾hΪ̫ӣлΪ
ϱϵ㡣
Ϸ粻Դ֮ˣļּҲǳصģϷ𹬱䣬췴Ϊɣ壬𣬽̫͵ܭǣˡ 
ɴ˰׳ջʵ˾Դ̫ĿܣɻʺϷĿܡ
Ϸִʮ꣬ϢƽȣǸιŻĻʺ󣬵̫˾hˣԽԽ󣬺ͼϷìԽƲ
˾׵ıʿ׳Ӱ̵֮ʣʺϷɱ̫ӣȻԿΪ𹬱䣬Ϸ͵ܭǣһƶˡ
׳ջʵ۳ΪĿܣȢµһıʿŮΪʺ
һƾ游ةڲ»ʵۻʺǿˡ
ۺɼĿܣһϵصܭǣͲʲôϡˡ
ԣ۹͢͢䣬Եۺ̫ϻʺ̫¶⡣
ﻻ˸ʵۣһճûΪۺƽ
˵ˣۺΨһŮӹøĸᱻϵֻΨһܽܵģǸĸؽܭǡ
ܭǣǸħߡ
ͱ˵µۣӹ˵ϣҵĸǸ׳գҵĸǸŮˣ˳ӣ˵İţʲôᡣֲкӣֻǸûõĹһڣ޷֮ǸŮҲ˰֧Һͻλ
һݣϣҿԷķţŸĸȥҰ֮ӣӴ˲̤뾩ǰ벽ϲҪ͵ܭǣһڣȨһֻҪһͺá
ΪȨƽȹȣµ˾ײûдɱ䣬ֻҪĬĻλͲ֡
ӵ̹׺˳µΪá
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һι£û˿ԥŶûУֱͦͦ¹ϥڼӲʯϣһ졣
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ģܭûдô£˺úչǣһӦʳӺ͹û𡣹ӽԺ޻ὫͬʼնǴĹ
֮⣬Ҫ̫ϻʺ̫صΪֹûء
ĸͽ̡
һɹɶµӣûм˵л϶䡣
ӵü˳뿪ֹ
ļ٣ϳ̫ϻʺ̫ѾͳˣҪǽܭ֮ǰ׷ȥ
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κУţţǺţ㱻ĥﭹⷢ͸ϵȵ觡
һϳӾһɨղµǰ˳ų֮ɫᵹ˻˸ϥǣŹĺۡ
һ̾ϥǣʵǲŹ̫ϻʺ̫ģֺαԼȥ
֪ˣӻҪġɧɧСԴĺԽӣһʵ۲ҶةġǸкϹһȰɵ׵̬ȣʵ۵Ļ»ᱻʵ͵ܭǹҵȷһһ𣬵ǲڽܭǵԲҪҶؽȥˣ˭ȥأ
һ׳գһŮӣƫƫλӴߵλã񱻸ˣɥ֮ȮûٷȥıҪ
ֻǣӶԣ׳ҲãŮҲգĸĸļͥҪˡ
˵ةͻʵǶıϹδܹǵĹϵ
ãȻϣҽսҪһԣıҪеģһɹأ
ԳһЦܱȻԼǸкʵһЩɡ
ʱţȻͣ£ͬһᵽϡ
⹬˵µ۵ļ˽հʹҪó·ȶȥС
Ӳͭÿվһʿ·˽ԱϵС̷׷׹Ъҵǰ峡
ͭǶǹᴩϱɵͷβͭյ
˵ûʱˣ·ߡ
˵ţ̫ˣСＷˣ·Сӿ»м䡣
©ƫҹ꣬Ӹɴ߳ţһ˵һá
ϲµľ棬ֻеС
΢΢Ծ
һߣýҵġ
˸һññ´һȦɫɴɴһֱȹǣȷķ磬ɴ¶ò
ǰУ˸ԼһɫññɴҲһֱȹǣ棬߻ݡ
ڣ̫ϻʺ̫ţܭʱϵˡ
̫ϻ˾Ǹ׳գûʶǰǱζʲôӺºȹñϹƴЦӱһŻˡ
˾Ѿʮˣ峺ͯĸ޵Ǹˣ˾òãĶ˾ȻǺÿģͶûзݵġ
̫ϻ˾СıŮһЩСˤ
һժͷϵĺɴñƵڵϣⶫ·ˡʲôʱѧģҲһ档
˳ƱŸףǿס᣺һ㶼棬ġ
˾Զţݶһ׽Բء
̫澵Ĳ
˲䣬ŻˣһƬĬº쾪·Ů
һ˫˹Ŀ˫ۣƽĮûһ˿Ͳ
һϮ£Ʈݳƺɢһ͸⣬ǰȴһ硣
һֻ硣
ɷŮ߹ȥΨһŮ룬Ӵ˲ҲżⲢʲô¡
ӰȥˣܭſڳǹĻ˼½ŲȵӰ
ĸס
һڱһţ׳ո޷ֻܺ棬ݶߵҷģһ뷨ӰǾȳģҪأҡ
ûһ˿ݣ˫ĿƽʣҶԲ㣬ⱾòܵΡʲôҪԼ͹ˣš
˱һ𣬽ɷڻݽöʻӵģ˵
һ죬һ˻뿪ǣҪסǸ˭ҪԾҪɣ߾Ͷˣһᱣġ
лҪ˵ݳ~~~~~
λۣۺǸж¼200

˺

̫ݽΪ׼ĺ·˵ܭʲôȱùҺ̫ϻʶԣʹͽܭûϽعջҪӭ¾ǨĪʧԺ󣬾¾չˡˡ
򵥽ǣŰ׳ɷָ֣ŽܭǵĴ˵׽ԲأҸطȥѰ¡
طҴδһܺ档̫ϻ˾ԻȸԾܵܭſڣʲôͣסת֣Ůһ˭ȱҵ
գգ۾⣬庢Ƶĺ常ףҲˣһҪʿΣȥҪġ
̫ϻöţǰһ棬ԽԽɰˡ
׳ո׵ǰģոձԹһ䣬ֵȥʿ˵Ҫҷ㳭飬ҾͳĹְ
Ǹжᡣ
׳ո浽꣬õ顣
Ӻ֪˰ŷָ׺ͱ˼ҵĸײһӴ˺͸治һˡ
ֻĸһֱŰ׳ոˣʲôɵϷ治ᡣ
ݼΪѣɴԼ߽ܭǣվ棬£ҡ
̫ϻԶһͯģעתƣٺˣȥӣһѳסݵȹӣҵˣҵˣֵˡ
̫ϻܽ˱ݣûлͷŮһ棬ֱɷ̤Ǳ²غûУҪˡ
̫ϻشſһ
Ϳźɫͩ͵ĳźȻرգӵߡ
俴ĸǻĸϷʱЦ᲻ߡ
˴ӵϼ̫ϻӵĺɴñϣûȥˡ
Ҫعӭ¾һˣԺҪ˼
صʹӽĸ׽İóϸ
ǰͷ
忴ܡࡱұʱᴿ̫ʣǸ
ǮһͭǮҪȴۡĹ澶ΣЦ󷽡
Ϊĸ׻ªϲ̨嵱͸ң
˭һ룿
˳֣һҪ
ˣԺܼ
Ӳ˼ҼǿջЦۺ󾴾ơ
絽һ룬һֻڻʹ԰βɳ֪Ϊηɵֹڵּͷϡ
ּŵСƷһ˶ߵ
ԱߴϺ͵ٵּϣһƬ֮ʱ
ʼ˾׶ʱãһźɫСʱֻһź룬ԽԽԽԽʣΪڶСÿʱ򣬺ͻ᲻
ϲĳ˲־硣
æȥ׽ɣڳֹ˼ȦӴö֮ˡ
˾״ŭƤϵĺڶּǹһƬǽĵɪɪȴá
ӼһëֶƱ޵ڷɣΪʹӡջϵǻʹ磬ؾųɣ÷أ콵𣬴ļװзǣ°
ڷɡһ䣬ԡʫѾˣӱȺ񣬽ˣƾʹΥ
ؾųɡһ䣬顷˼Ϊ˴֣ѷ˶ˡ
̵ǵ˼Ϊ˸¾ƨǽʾ֭ʿ̸ѧʶˡ
зǣ°˷׷׾ٱأʼƤĺڶֹͣٱ
ҶǷˣ˭᲻۵ͱơµ۵ǻҪӵġ
ĳ汻ӵƨůˣʼ۶ǰ⡣
ֻ׵ĺӶߺޱ˵һۡ
ӶͬĸĽ㡪ȻʺϷ
̫ϻ˾Ǹ࿡İ׳գϧӶ᳤ƫƫŴĸ׼ϷĺںͰ
ѾʮˣͷͲʮӲࡣ
ӶСܵۺ谮ʱȻʺϷΪŮտĵ¡
Ϸ类ʼ˾׹ڽܭﶾݳΪʺ󣬺Ӷĸܾĸ׵λá
ݼڣӹҲȻ˺Ӷж˸䵭
Ʊյ֮ʱӶͻȻվۺУд˵ΪŮӦТ̫ϻʺ̫Ȼᵽܭȥˣÿճ趨ʡ٣ҪȥܭǸĸ밲ȻŴŰһҲãһʸĸյʳҲǺõģ¶׼
ӹոճɹȳӶ̨̲
ǲһĶ֣һĶѡ
ֹһƬĬձΡ
޼ƿʩˣ̾㣬𰡡
ԣӶ̳ĸ׼ϷԸȴûŴǻۣӰԻıˡ
ʼ˾ƤϵĺֿʼȴƽТ£ֹӶТأˣ͹ȥܭǡ
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ȥ·һ˳Ҫ͸ĸһڽܭǡ
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ӽƺݸźĹˣ͹ȥ
԰գϯϣСһӣԸ˵ּǣ֣зǡ
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һŭѺӶϳ͢¼޺ţֱܴ裬ѡʿ壬Ѫͳ߹
䵱࣬һ֮£֮ϡŵɭϵĽʼնǿĺš
ӶһӲܵӵĹ֣ô¼ϺţŲıˣҪԼޣ
ӶԴˣҲ֪ұ˰ô¼޸ⲻǡ𣿡
Ӷ˵ҽףֻ֣Ҫͬռɡ
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лҪ˵һʼ˺ˣ
Ҽǵȥרղһչֲ̫ѿ
200~

Ȧ

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µ۳ӲѻʵǻˣеֶζԸһǰп˵޵ฮʲôģ̫ˡ
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Ӷ۾һⲻصķ˲缦ˣΪıܭǿŵĲ¶ܹ
˵ȥة࣬Ҫةѽ򰲲嵽ܭǣ練ơ
ӶЩɣܭ̫ϻʺ̫ǵŮδй֮ӣةֻϺͬ⣿»ϼɵϼ鳼گ飬ǵĸĸϵġŲء
Ӷһͷײǽϣ˿ͷȻһЩǻۣϿԽĥˣ
Ҳøɡ
ӹ⼤Ǵ޵ϣҵĸڻʹڹ⣬ֻҪ㿪ڣڳĿةӦġ
Ӷ룬԰¼Ҳ¼޵ĺôҵùңƽ̹ĶƤة಻ӦҾͲûѪͳͥ͵ÿɫ
ĿĴɣǡ
Ӷ˴£ܭǶԣֱ͸Ǹȥÿɴ㡢ĸˡ
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ȥฮ㵱Ȼϡȥܭǣ϶ϵĲ¼ɡ
ӶӹΪҪЮ̫Ӧͱ뱧ˡ
ָ췢ģһúõҲ㣬ɹ
һ֣ס㼱תͥţةֻðᰲŵܭǣŵȺӶһУٰŪ
лҪ˵ע⵽ûУӹеĹΨһһĸ˫ȫŮ
ŮҽҶˡŮС
ΧŮС
󴫡ŮǣС
ƼҡŮ񣺴С
ʮΡŮ˯С
200ΪЩŮĬ

Ⱥ

Ĵɿฮةͷ䣬˷ȥع
ĿĴɣЩϣˣнڽܭǣ벻õĽʼͻȻѪȥŪ̫ϻʺ̫
ȥžϣ
ů˼/ӸոǰһСԼδü׵ĳ
һֻСèڻеץӣ
ŮӶãůϯϷգʿҲĲɡ
ʿۣ̫ѧĲʿϵţѪͳ߹󡪡ĸѧ䡢֮һĸκ۲ܲٵŮͤ
κĩ꣬ة˾ܲ˾ʦ˾Ѹ˿ס˳͢ϻΪܡ
ʱһ˾֮ġ·˽֪˼˵ة˾Ҫıλϻ壬ԼʵۣҰƽն֪
ڲκӵ游˾ѿͷ
ҲҪնеģն֮ǰͬΪ֮һɽдһ
ǧŵľšɽԴ顷
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Уպɽʹһ٣ȴŵһ˫ŮʮꡱĶŮй¸
ɽΣʵǽɽժǣλֺѡ
ǧŵľӣڣη壬ϧһ˫ŮΪԼڶǣ˺ѡ
ɽĿĺ޿κΣնкۺͽ㣬Ů̵
ɽɴ˳Ϊ۵
û˸ֹɽΣ֮һ̳伶Ĵ⣬Ϊɽεĳɽϣ壬Ҳ˾ҳϵİ֡
Ϊ˾ѵĸסҲ˾ܲԭŴĸɽϣͳԿɽϼ塣һݹϵϿɽλة˾ѵı硣
ԣ˾ȻɱҲĬɽ۵Ϊ
˿ĸŴϣ˾ѻҪɽΪ˾¶˵ء
۳ة˾֮˾ףӹ游ڷκ˶⣬һͳ£֮Ҫɽ֣뵱Ĺ١
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۵һȥǲٵѡţ䶯ǡ
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Ⱥ۳Ϊϴһӡ
ڴ٣Ż˵ã˧˾Ҫ̫ѧĲʿ˽̫ѧ̵Լİ׳̫˾ԡ
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׳պţɱ˵ĺӢ¾ʿŹ£ĳΪ֪֮治С
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ΣյĹεΪֹ΢ǡ
߳ſй澰ŸЬӡҪ֮ǰҪЬ
˲ٲӹ׷˹Ǹ⣬䣬Ŵգﻹ̿裬ξͷʿȥ԰һ;һ߽ΣΣ
԰λʹǣǻʹĺ԰
ӽ԰֧˹̫࣬ݴԣָڰɢ˵ʿϵǻҼ磬԰Īɵ˳ֹ԰볤ֹôԶηɹȥģһֻɺ𣿡
ۿʮˣһֻɺףһɷǣƮݳȻ˧Ŀͷ
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ʣڻҼǰ죬ʿڸҽ絳ƪͻȻˡʫ͡顷ؽʫڷɡ顮ؾųɡ֮䣬ǸոѧģҲѿڶΪġ򣬾ƾƽӹĲѧȳѵҲɺϣ
򵥵˵ǰӻصˡѰѧʣѸٵķӦ
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ʿ˵ѡ
ʿ߷ڵ·㲻ּı
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ӵŮĿΪ֤룬΢ȥ˺ӶѾȥܭǵӶֵö徻ӳģһκӶûзͬĸãϸɫˡ
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΢ûдӣ˹ȥ֣ͭĽֵһ·й䣬żЩС⡣
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ȥ׷С͵˼䣬ܵһСӣǸͬ
˵Ѻɰҡ
С͵ָ
ӻͷӿڶ˺ģĴˣԲ⡣
˺ЦСﳤƯֵǮ
ǸȦס
˺ץСƵĽӴסˣӴȣ죬ֽţһƣ죬Ǹ˿ڵĹ߷
һźɫñӽ
˲ս̽Ӵӳӳݳܡ
ͷͼֽϵûȽͶ֣Զ£һժ½ñЦȻ㣡
á
ҪӶˡܡԼȦףѲڰֵøƳˡ
лҪ˵ĻBOYһֱڹ
ۺ˾кͰ׳յCPܺྵģͨľҲǸ춯ء
κʱڣɺʹ£Һ͸ԣ˼ҰлγɵľʱڣִõĳʴʱɴγǹͬĻ䣬˼ӡ
¼ͺڴλۡ



ӵ֪Դâ
ݡ
Ⱥʿ
÷á
ֻҪ˳֣˵ȺĿֻϣʯ˿һ۾޷Ų
úֻͬ꣬һ졪ôһ졣
óʿšϣĸײ磬̫Ůʱڵۺѡ
ۿϣǲܲٵĺˣκ壬ͺȺʿĸ׳ͤͬһ֧ԣʿǱõݹϵ
һ˾һͳκ󣬲ûߣŴ壬ܡӵܽԿڴ١
ܼҴӻΪӣĸ佫פر߹أɽ
ݵʺʱ޸ΪļӾˡ
ľλչӡУϮϼӵľλ
ڹǹ¼ţӾ˲ʱʺ˵ƣ˼ͬʱУǰӹãĸ֮󣬵ǶŮ˵꣬˹ϵԽǢ
ÿνŶã̺ϷСѧѧһ𳤴һʿ鿪ɣ÷
СʱӰõ飬ԽԽ˧ԽԽʿȺķɣҲŮ䡣 
Ưĵͬԣϲɫɫ⣬תΪ¶İ⣬ű⡣
ô۶࣬ϲˣֶΣ䵭ʱͷС󶼲Դά
ʣĥֹͻʿĪص㽲ʫ͡顷̫ɺʱֱõ⡣
ӹӶͭݳһ˿ڵȦף
ںģȻϵ
²óˣҲ˧ˣ´ֻ۾ˣ˫õĸ첲ˡ
ӷգòãһ֡
ӷյʱͰ׳ոһޣͣĿⷢɢͰ뿪գżĿˮ˿״
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˵ը̻úüĿˣҲϲң
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Ǹղųʱֱֻֻߵĺɰɰٰ˶ĺӶˣʲôûС
ȥֻĸݸİͷһֱڲϣ˯ʱ򶼴ţֲá
ôأ
ÿӶŰ巢Īһ겻ӣǰѾϰˡ
þֵǣôôɫʮ׾ӵ壿
һ˩壬أʱ島ؿڣ壬ͷ£һĪġ㡣
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ΪҪΪʱΪϲһвУ
ðҲϲֽͷ̯Ĵª֮ΪΰƵĲ
һȥ㲻ϲͺãһعҹĶµΪʴȣ͸Һö
ĶôԽԽĸˣ˻ͨѣͷԣץסص㣬ⶫ˭ģ
ҪʵףĲݡҪΪĸ׵ļƻܣں˵Ŷһй䣬·Ƽˣڲͬ档
ָϽת⣬벻һǱƭˡҹ֮𣬱˺ɰŲð׷С͵ȻҲϵ
ȡЦ׶ϵĺܣϲңңŻ˷ִ硣
뵽ЦñʧأԽԽɵ
ңü˷Ӱϳֻž￼ǸȦס
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û˵Ҳϲҡ
˵첻Уߡ
һסӵ󣬡Уÿһ춼бӡ
˵־ǯӣֻһۣ˶ſң˵졣
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˸ɴס죬־ͰҸ¿ˡ
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ûжҵڣֳݡ
һ˵ڰݿŵǲǣһ԰ɫüëüβбޣȣֳͶһ޶ˡ
˾Ȼá
ԭ÷߶뿪ײڹεӣ۷㰵лӻعߡ
յӿڣͼһߴӰӼҸˡ
úԥӪӡ
ÿİüʱһ˵ɫüëˡ
һ㲻ɱ޹ǣ㿴ҵԲҽҪȡ
һ˵һȡķɵá
лҪ˵һдɫüëӦкܶɶ֪˭˹
ͺÿ200ȻͲ꣬ǲҪʡǮ˹Ͻá

ͱ

ðܹɵĿùɵкͷȻδȻᴩһ˳ȫѪѵء
Ȼء
ÿµı
Ͷɵʱ첲ӣӾһֻסߴСߣͽ
һУһһöɵ
һѪ£ӱܣżķɵ컹Ǽ졣
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еڶɵû뿪ģʱСʹͷһҸµӲ֪ʱ͵ķɵһ
Ѫӿ
ǿĳʱת
ѹĸ˵һСյĻᣬͲҵˡӽӾǰ浱ƣòҷżӣ˵ſҾͷߡ
´ѪЮӴӺﳷˣβʱӽɵƵĳúݺһ˦Դ
ˤȣòҶܣվԭƾƵĳԼ˹
ӱˣӶʵ壬ñݺ˵ڵأһ˲䣬ñĵϣľ
ߦѹ֮ƽ˵øſ˵ؿڣǸղžյ֮䣬һȵѿǣϣó
˵ҪϽ뿪ƥܿ·ˣһ¶ֳصˣԺˡ
ڹʲôˡ
ӸϽǣõˡ
ص֣ͭȺؾðȫ
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ҡͷûôã˿ŻԺҲԼǵ·٣˵ɰˣʲôûУӵ˻Ǯ
ĸ׺ܣǶҲ˵ӸɴཫʹѰü˵ٷˡ
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ةЩαʿ壬ͻȻôԱ;λβáββ࣬ϡ˵λʿ壬˭һȱβлñϵĹβǡ
ˣ֤ݵĹӡҲªǽҲںˣΪ˽ʡɱة෢Ĺӡľͷ̵ġ
ľͷɫǰɫһ¹ٺͺϷΪװ֮װ֮١
Ա֣ةȻù飬ܣһҲûġƦࡣ
ةࣺľͷ¾Ͳˣ־ðܲǿһ
㺮ųܻ쵽λãЭͷ֮ˡ
ʼ۵Ļλҵһ룬Ӳţûţ
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кةĹͬŬ£ңԽԽ롣
ټӾʿ岻Խʼ۸ж£Цλµۣ׷ۣ˵طӣȻϲ̨桱
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УǸ˰һʿ壬ϧة༵ͶܣùβľǣѺ°˻£ܹС
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ȻĿŵĺͻʵ۶Ÿɣʼ֮⡣
ýʼ۵ǣʿìֵԽԽΪʵۣȻܰô˰ѿһж˵㡣
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г˻ةµگβװ֮֮¡ةǹ΢ֻ΢ǹ٣ɽ֣ìܲ⣬ֵѿԴΪͬ΢ȥʡ֮λ
ʼۼӦĹҳԩ
ʼ۵ģ񣬼ʱգ¿Ҫաˡ
ϴ˾ϴ۲κʵҲǷڶ̶ʮ֮ڣܲة࣬˾ܲة࣬Ҳة࡭
ʼ۶ʱɱġ
е㵽Ϊֹؿ޵л֪֮΢ԸΪ¸ͿأЩίҲ޷
һۣӺ񣬴Ӳ䣬ڹβĿûʵʵͣصȥĺʱ⡣
Ҫ߿Ѱ»Ǻǣ׸ų
ŽʼòУǳٳûеȵȻǽʼǰĺˡ
֪Ҫһ׼ˡ
ѴйȥԺӶ壬ӹȥ԰;
˵ǽùϵãûӶ²Ӧ
ˤҪȥȥԼŮ˶ѱˣԺˣܭǵĲҲˡ
˲£ͿƯĸˡȥӺӶ
ӶɷϤչĸıֺ⣬Ըɷһ飬Ҫӡ
һ֪ةסˣʦǧֶΡ
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˵Ҫȥ԰͢ҪС
ӺǾȣǽ԰˲¶˼ˣ
˵ȥĳԹͷˡбɱ֮𣬶ڴ˵СǸŮӣȴҲһὫԼڳ֮Сֱȥӱܡ
ˣҡĸ׽ְʡͨ˰ǶʺϷִʮʱһӡ
ŮӴضеϲÿ˰ţ֣һȺŮ׷ʻͶϣ˰ÿζض飬ϵʻҪ
˰òҲҳϣţ˰ĲңİжˣӴˣǰ½֮á
˰С̴ɣ˰ڰͻ֣ŮӶɺɷǳΪ̴ɡ
ٸӣþӵ̴ɡ
԰λɽһ԰֣ˮ԰к
԰ǰǴ֮һʯ硣ʯڼϷִʱڣǼϷ׵ĺѺ֧ߡ˰ΪӺʿ½½Ƶʿʯ룬ڽ԰żۻдʫЩ˱Ϊȶʮѡ
˾׶ɱϷڳ͢ϴϷĵʯ׶ɱȶʮӵӣ˰ûߣ˰ȫңͬʮĸ׶ϵ̨ͷ
ֻһ˻ˡʱҿ޵˺ѷΣΧȺڶ׷ᣬչк游ңԸ޸׳ջʵ۵ʺ
⣬ӣұûΪūݷʺңڹﵱŮ٣ҡֱϣΪƷˣﶼΪˡ
Խ԰˵ĵأ˰ʫƪᴥ顣
ΪǱʾǰ˼еĸ֮һЧҲκ˾նСڴ߹٣ӹʦ
ӹĳݺӴ̣ƺƵɽ԰ȥ
԰źӶ԰ȥˣڴ˵صȺӡ
Ƿˮתǰȥฮ㱣ĸ̺ӶûȺͱϳֵˡ
Ϻϰ˵Ĩǣϴιҽ˲ܲͭȸ̨輧Ĺ£̹Ǹϸ輧֪ͷĽ֣ôԷֹԼµĸ輧ȡ
ӹһЦةŮһˣͿżɽ˵ɡΨһةķة泼Ϊɣȳɱ˻ʵۣȻȥܭӭ̫ϻʸλµǻΪۣ游Ȼةࡣ
ǲٿؽʼףǲٿһ׳ջʵףة࣬زҶ˵˰ɣοʺŮ                        
лҪ˵㣺βҲǸгˡ
ǼϷʵӦպǼϷĽͺٵĶӣܵüϷϲּûжӼ̳پãԣɴҪռ֡
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һ

ӹ¶âϲŭɫ㲻¶֮ɫ˵ҪǸкӸöáʱ̫ӣһ֧ߣλֵǸط
˺ʼšҲĿǳӲš
ӸĹĸݶ˵кǴµСܣȥ̫ӱȵʵۻΣա
Ӳᱻǣűߣ׷ʣةѡǲٿؽʼۣɱ˻ʵۣٿһ׳ջʵۣ
ĬһᣬֱǰϵĲ趼͸ˣŴӰµĳóһˮӣεתϵһ͸ˮˮͷǵɫķĩ˵
˶Ϊϳ³һǹʮʵΪûģ񲿴ٴ죬׼硣ⶨмһǹʵ۾ơʱ͵͵Ѷϳˣ齻ҡ
ȻҪֶʼۣ
ůϯϣʱһһ
㽫ˮŤӵԭЦоװǡʲôֻǶƤӾܵõôûôףײǵģΪ˱֤һϵˣͱðո
죬ҿԱ֤һϵĻҵˣʵۿ϶ĸڳóȻǵǲʵ۱Ȼġǣ˾ʱѾƽܭǣ̫ϻʺ̫˽ᡣʵһȺףĸ޿Ч֮ˡʱ̫ϻʺ̫һɱ鳼ӵϸλͶɱ
̫ϻͳӣЩĸ󲿷ֶͶǾ̿ȫҳʵ۵ļƻ
㽫ˮӸڰϣҸңҲң
ӻعʵΪʲôң
˵Ϊȥƣ϶ȵġѾ˽ģһͽαӣȡ֮㲻һڻʵ۵ǻ粨˷ǵĵʣΣһֱ˳ʵ۾ƣʵ۲ġ
жг˵ļʺԹޡ
Ȼ׼ˣʱ⡣
ЦʵҲÿڣةѾѡֻҰˡҲãǸŮӣҲةüֵһԺĶϣԺҺة棬ةĪҪˡ
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ǹı֣ҺοҰĺʹϻ̫ϵˡӵ۾ӵݸ
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һǰ̡ǻһ
ȻӶԣǰ̻Ǵûѡء
վŵ֣ͷ游Ҵϡ³һ磬һʵжشӽӵס
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ͬʱ԰԰;ķ羰̨ͤ¥ȶȻʹĻ԰ʤһ
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㡭˫ֽˣҪľͷˣָ͹ֱһ
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̫͹ѪͳĸŮͶӯȫһ
˼˽ɽǣ˴Ϻɫñȥ
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ңҡڷĴӡӾñ磬ΪϾһͭӣԽӡ
׷µʲôǲݳˣ
ߵĺϡҲӣͻʵۻҧ㲻Ź̫룬̫ʱûΣգ㣬Σ̫㱻̣ǽģҪĲ顣
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˵ûˣ̫˵Ժ󶼲ͷ㣬㰲ˣصū䡣
ʣܱŮˣ
˵ܽˣзӱ
ԳһЦôأ֮֮ȥһ𣿡
лҪ˵ۣףһ仰򹷵ͷӦоС
иңӹǷţôŮʲô֣
ҾȻûп֣һûģԽнɣ200ӹ֣˾X˾XXԣѡеĶ200нֹգ1124գ϶ʮĵ㡣
ӻԾԹŮȡ֡

Ұ޹

˵һֻ򹷵ɧһ¹ӣãһὫת̫󡣡
˵ӵĵݡ
һҭ˿ڿʼʹ
ûĻȸˡϴӣ¯
׶ͭǶ¯ľɣǰù
˵ǵģӹϲ̫͸ˣ̫Ը䣬¯ҡ
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ǸĺСԸǲмϾһͱһĥġӵĵһӡ˵
ܣԸòҲĺԶҸտʼǸС ΪҴˣòʵƽƽֱŮ
˺ǳۼм٣ĪҪɹ 
ʣҳΣ
˰СŮе̴ɵףòȻҲǴŮ֮С
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ΪֻҪݵգκŮĶԱ֮£òƽƽˡ
ԣ׾òƽƽϹʵΪˡ
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׷ȥס
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Ǹղ˵֮֮ȥһ𣿡仰˲Ҫתˡ
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ʶˣ˲⣬˵֪ˡɨһۣϳӣԨûжʩѹ
Ԩ׵常ū졣
ūһ֧ǵ¼ūðٵںʱĺᣬΪ󺺹Ҵ֮ʱðٵڽΪֵܣԣһĺ˶մ󺺵Ĺա
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ֱͽʼ֮ԽԽţܭǵĸĸԽԽΣգһһĶȥ
ӲòǸıҵģļƻкܴʤ㡣
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ʼۺ֪װװҲҰôΪҵϣ̫ǿˡ
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ŮΨһŮôңҲ˭ܣ
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ΪҪ𣬾һ̣һͦõġװɵûУŲᣬˡ쿴ܷ˵Ϊûҵ㣬ҽڰ֮أҿ϶ģ˭֪ȻѾڼˡ׷ʲô£                        
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Ҫ

Щɵֱ꣬һ࣬ԽԽס
ԣѾɵװɵݵ̫ˣһʶơ
˵ĸײ˺üҿջҵңҶпĹǰŸߣĸ׾Ͱҿջ;ܻ˭ƭӡ
õĿߣ粵ܷ˰õӺܲװװӣ߼ҿջϷôһ۾ʹˡ
Ӳνͣѵĳ⣬˵Ǻÿ
ת̫ǿСŭĿӣҪǴӣĸײõĲˣ졣
˽ûûС֣ǰһֱԳԾӣӡ
ǾνΪ߻䣬¾ˣΪӲ׷𣬻Ҫڡ
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ʱԭĲ軹Ϊǽ֮صϲ̨ġ
ϲ֣һڣʱóݼ㣬ظ̫ˣϲ
ϲҴӽҵ࣬빫ȥ̹֮عҲܺȵš
ΪƲ裬þûˣǼĲģĿζȽϴͳΡ桢Ѹɡȵȣгӵһʮֶ
ֿζصģͷһŨҡԭʼ̸ǣһǧٶִᣬ˴ʱڻ񣬺ȲɳԲ衣
ִ̲һȫǣҿ϶ϣʲôࡢ̶춹ͳͳһݣҪ˫֥ʿ̸ǡ
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һ𳤴÷˽ӣһ۾ͳд㡣
ҵĴʮöϳɱʼۡ
˵һʵ˵ԣҸղڷܷܲˡĸ׺ĸ׶ҵСӿķִֵֿ񣬲ȴӦߣһϣжʮ죬һһ죬һʱʲôתء
һûأʡ
˵˶ʮ졣ܹգڡ
еҲ䣬ӵļ֣ǵƿءûԭӵĳ
õ˵ȥ̽Ϣ׵Ĺʾӣһ̡Ұ̸ڵĿշˣںԺΧǽСŵһŨҵҩζҴӶ￴ףͲ˴
һˮҪʲô
Ҫɱڣض㡣ңū֣ͼɱͰȫˡ
˽£Ƕӡڿ೰ЦֻҪ˸۸ӣԵһ
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ʳָպպӱ裬ڰϻķ͵ΣŻ𣬶Юƣӳˮ𣬵ܵԺӣҲѾΧǽϵˣˣ㲻ҵļ
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˵Ҽѣһ֡
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飬˵֡ĸиˣɱ޷Ȱס֣ܱ¶ĸ׺йϵĸ׾Ҫѹ
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Ӹߣóĸ˵ƭģӦʵӵת⣬ǲһζ취Ūߡ
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󾪣⺢Ӳ²ͱ࣬ҶƭˡʱЩʲô
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ӳյȥӶ˼䣬Ӷһзϯ䣬װӶԹ˵úȶˣڳϵµģǽ˵˵һҹعˡ
ӾںӶѿǣװӺߣȥҵ̡
ĽУЩ㱣һϽ־ô
ʱ꣬ոշԼĸ׺ͱ˵ĸײͬһֲϣٵطˣϱ飬ʱǻʵۣ˵Ǿġβʳӣ
˶ȡЦףӲΪΣֻһԹѣԭ
ʱһͬĿ⿴Ȼ󣬰⣬ȥ˲гѯÿһʳļ۸
׸ױԭ
øӴ˽һĴţӴӾҸɳȥ˽ļ࣬ԱС˵ǻӵĹ
Ӷ̫ˣһȫǣ⣬Ͳǰ飬޻̸
̡
Ӷƹͷ壬ݸһֽ
ƹֽףԼȥһ̸˵Ҫ¡
īѰüëȾˣ͵š
ӰõĴɱƻгĸ׵ѣ㲻ҲҵѣҲԣŲطס                        
лҪ˵ϲϲӣʵǲҪ˵ʲôֻ迴Ϊʲô֪ˡ
ٶ۵С꣬ûʶԼġ
£飬飬200~

һ˫ܺ

ϱͱǸ߷ˣ񻹼ǵһճĳʱ龰̶գ̵Ӱ񶼲㳦
벻ӢһͷԵһܺϡ
ڣܺӾȻˣҪŲط
˭
ۣ˿ҲʹȻܺģ򲻵ãֻܷźݻ
㲻ҪôߣϵĶûˣҪҰңǸĸµѵʱûзҪߣ
æ͵ǰңʱһܷͷ˲𣿺úǰ
ײϣҾ̱ڴϣСҲҵĶ֡ߣССͣɱ˷Żôʱ򣬶ûôĵӣһһǿ
Ƿ̣ˣ̧̬֣ͣŹá
壿˭壿ô
Сôôˣֱҵӣ
޿̣ܺһѵǲ᳤Եġ
֣ˣѰӴ򿪡
ƹ򿪰ĸ塪ûǽǺľϣԷдŵʱռ䡣
ƹ֮ĸж֮ӿñ죬˫ַںϣ׳ڰϡ
þ񰸰ϵһ㣬˫Ŀĺ˿ƺҪѹס
ûж룬ܵܵ䣬Сϵذ/ףſ
׳׳ʹ˸ɫ׳ãӸγƲ
Ųߵ䣬СһֱңҸڵķӣ׻쵽ڣûУʵᶼҵˡҹ⣬ճӣ㣬СӹȻϵˣ˷ӣ˸͵ҡ
ڰһ֣׵Ŀӣʲôɱƻǹƭģûд㶯֣ΪūĴ󽫣Ǹ常ĽڡͻˣֻǲȷԷųն̽ȻмƣȰҰңСӸ㣬ӺӶ̣ٵڵİ͵ҵ˰;ƵĵСƷ
ڣǲǺΪɰ󣿡
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ūɱѣѹ
ӴͦĬζĿǣ˺̫͡󣬰æѹȫĵطԶ빬͢ŵĻȥʸԵĸףˣҲܺӽʲôö£˭ҵܺ˭ܡ߰ɣԺ˭ңҾͽв˹ˡᱻġ
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뿪˦õ֣ȳţý˰¥ݲȵ졣
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˵ĳøںͷӻͷ棺Ҫˣƭӡ
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ҵǽڳܣһϣʮɱʼۣʹ֦ڣҲá
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ӶʱһεѹѹڼϣӶŻˣ֣ͭձ̵һ¯ˣˣӿձ̡
Ψʳܹοһ¡һСǰ棬ϰԵ˵һһ
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СӣС⣬Ųˡ
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С˵һűѣҪǮӲƭƭȵģˡ
С곤ĺܺÿûҪһЩӲϻϵĺ£һթ
ӻͷȻԶԶ֣
ߣ·ϲȫԶԶغӶ
˵ȥС˵Ҫĸˡ
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ӲмװС˸Ǯһȥʮˡ
Сñðˣסȥ·λСӣҲý˭ˣҾԲ˭ҵСū澡Ҫȥͨıؾ֮·
ӺǺЦ㲻ˣô֪ϲҪȥȥﶼǹ
Ҳǹۼء
СȡЦСǾ֮ܣѵֻһϲһʶүˣ˶ܣǸݣſ񡣡
Ӳһūִÿ
СǽãҵǸ
СңСϣӰС첲ȥСҪˣȻýŹСȣ
ۿҪ˵һֱٵøϵסӵ֣
СýŰ˾Բõ¡
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ŭˣȥһȭСģɱܹãСʲôݣ
Ȼʶ
ҹ磬ʱѾƳϣŽͷ΢⣬öһƣ
лҪ˵Ůǳ~ǰĶ۵ŮֺŮŮ۵ŮԼʵҵߺ͸ߣǱ˵ĳС
οడ˫ŮӢۡҺ
ͳƸλԣŮͳ200Ӵ

ż

ǧųģкȺʦ۽̵Ưչˣ÷飬׳յˣﱣ
ô󣬵һ˸Ҷ֣ӾñðˣС⣬ڴΪ𡱣ýгŷӦȻǸŮӡ
ͣĪ磬ȳֳվɣֱ껹꣬ʹղȭŵĶʵ
ˣһᣬߡӳ˳õ½ǡǸͲҪˡ
øǣȴ˺ģʲôݣôǰû㣿ղ˭ҵСū澣㣿гң
Ӳ˵
죬Ǹպ˳·һһ졣ҽһ£ҽ࣬򣴨ϡСӽʲô֣
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ĵ֪ӣȴŮ֮˿ûʿŮ̹֡ףӦŤŤֵģᱻƲ쳶˸ѣ˵
ҽвõı硣
ӹķţӶ˾ӵĴ˾õĸײ򣴨ϣӸԼȡõı硣
ؽղǵСĦѾˣ˷ܵ˵ǻǱףҵĸĸκñҴһ㣬õı磬Ҳұ硣磬ղŲˣԲ𡣡
κ۲ܲٵŮȻҲ򣴨ϡ
ϤǸʿļףһ򣴨Ժյһ֧һ֧κΪ߹٣˲֮ܲŮ˽Ȣ˽˾ܲ͵Ŵ֮Ů
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˾ǻʵ۵Ķӡǻۼ
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ϺϿ˵ռʿڽɽ˿ʵ۲ģβ͡װ֮١־磬ʩʿʿ壬ʿԻʵ۵̬Ⱦ͸Įˡ
ڹ˶ȷµۺˣ˾µǿơ߳͢˵ĽǶȿµۣؾµʵܴûô¡
һҸĸ߳ܭϣģΪҸΨһͳ
ӶʱĿⶼˣ˵Ȼȥ磬ϯضʢΪ·ϳ
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಻СڣÿʲӽǿˣδѵŮӣһϲֻ·̫̣һ͵˼Ӻõ硣
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˵Һ̫ղΪʦѧϰѧͱʦΨһŮѧ
˵λٿܾİ˵ż衱λӦö֪ûоǧŵλ˺ɽʤĺˡѾһڡ
˫ȫǽ԰ʮ֮һʹһ˰Ǻѡɱ˽԰ʯ磬¥ʮӵӣţҰ磬ʱ˾ͶϣԱȫŻڣǻ˾׷Ϊ˶ղ¸ղ£̵̫ӡ
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ǰӾñ˭˫ʶʣǽ࣬һʣäĿˡ
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òԭôСӳݹˣԼûʶģϣֹǿ䣬ԼҪϸ
ѵһѧţ㵽ѮϧţΪ˳ŮŮ֧֮ѧϰѧͱҪŮҲ㵽ΨһŮѧѧһ̵ӲŮ࿴
ôĶ֣̼ô־
ӻȻ򣬡ԭΪ˺ƽֶһֱΪѧʿĸִȤȥѧġ
ͬΪŮӣҫһɨյҾˣΪʦҪϰ䡣
㣿Դˣñʾɣϰģҵʦʱż裬Ҳ˺ܶͷСɡ
˵ֲΪֻǿ壬ѧϰԱɡ
ʱţŴɱ죬ܹƾԼ֧Ƭ̣ϵĸͺˡ
˵δشӦ
һЦзӰʦ
˵˺ӶſڣĿȥˣתȥ
ӵ˽ңӶŵڱضʼۣҲŰڻģ㵽ʲôƻ
ʵҪֻ꣬жʮܼˡ˵Ͳˡа취ڳң㻹п֮𣿡
ûСӶӣĴֻȴպϹȡů
ӵĳŵúӶδͷȸʸλҾͺ飡
ڴϣľ̫࣬Щȥ˯ţʲôԡɴϺãŵذůģŽµأƿҹȻ񶬵һѩ
ѩʹѹʲôˣҺַˣ߸·ôĪͺˣ
Сʱһ˳ֺͺöһ˲飬֪浽һˡ                        
лҪ˵ϲ~ż衣Ƶʻ㡣
ϲŵŵϲ200Ӿȡ˾λߺ誣ȡɵó֣

Ͷ

峿лûȥʡŵӾȻţȥӿլ
ߺѩۣγƺûоͷƽߡ
붾ɱʼֻжʮˡ
Դ۴ӲʿΪʡУбæµӾûмʦ
ʦͽδԣղļƣΪԻʼۣةవѹҽ͵ýʼ۳ΪʿЦóġ
ûжԱȾû˺ʿǷ֣ʼۻ׳ջʵأοǰطԲ˳ʱƽˣǿʼ˼ܭİ׳̫ϻʡ
ΪҪӣ֪Ϊʼ۵ĸĻţûʵۻеҳϡԣӴδҹ
ǽգС
󽣣в⣬ֲ䣬Ҫ
۾һУǲΪõҪˣ
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жʱȤȻʶҹ̫ˣ˽ύԹ
СӺʹ˿˺µĽǶȲһֻˣҪѧ㶫Աп౳ǿļ
ж󷽣˽ȡһϻڰϴ򿪣һѳϿšɡ֡
аνʱΰХ
ѩ轣ƬƬѩӿʲôʦܡ
赽ͷ΢΢ʣݸӣ˽Ϊɣ򽣵֡ϲҸô˽дˡɡ׹ŷɽ常ɽεࡶɡʱֻֻ꣬ͣɹ棬˾աѽתࡣ
ɽӲҽӣ˵ѽʦԸ׺常ļ䣬֮һͨġ
һѷɽܰʶҹĸԸмһöѩϿҶ֮䣬ﶬļ棬ʱοһѽҲˣֻʱܶѡûҹѧţ򣴨϶ŮӼҲŮ֮ŮѧνӢۣҾ䵱ѽˡ
о壬κɽθۣ۳Ҫɽ֣ɽξáʱο桱仰Ȱ۷ɱ֮ڽ˵٣ɴ˴ԺȺķӴǡ
Ϊ۵ѧ֪ƹʣʱһ࣬·µѩй£˫ӷɽ
Ӵ٣ҪΪʦ
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˵ÿ϶ȥϰ䣬裬ȥ 
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ŲȸӯҿߵľͷĪм
Ӵ۽磬ֽкáҲ¶֮ɫ
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ˣҲҵҡ
˵ǾͱҿĲ
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࿴ӱòסĳȲ䣬Ž
ӽ⿪ϵĲᣬóΪʦѧЩգҵİʦ񡣡
ˣƽպæûʱ̱ˣοڣαԶҡ
ϵķӦ˵żƴǡȿ
ðνеĺѩ䣬β֡
ˣѽһ飬۾ҲûнŲҡ
ðѽӸӽѩˣһ׽ѩ裬սϵġɡģʱȲѣǰѹ˲Ūģ
Ҫش𣬱סˣࣺղѧ
ŷɽҪȥգȻա˵ǿȽ˳۵ĲһڷɽķϣҲղġѵð
ýһƣʦ
ݴзȵĸһѶذΪʦļ񡣿ңŪɽģ
˵ҵɶʦУ֮ӣɽ
ʹɣֻ̹ˣһϵӡıãһӹЦӺĬĬĿ
ЦЦŲԾˣеѧӹͽ˾ѵ
һ󱱷ХЦݾ϶סˣһ                        
лҪ˵÷ɽ࣬ʾס
200Ҷָ~

·

ֶ̡
ʱŷɽ᲻÷֣ղŻ󿪴ϱֱ۶ʱñȰ̡
ֱҪʦ϶ܾῴʦһۡ
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Խ˵Խŭô䵽ȺûǮɼʵ۲ԱǮ㣬ȻŰ
ˡæͣʵûпңڹƣһߣͭǺճóԣԼСģǮ͵˶֪ҾǾԼ̫ûˣԱУΪʦѧһЩգܶԸС͵С
ǰװŮ˹⻷ֻһŬԱͨŮӣʱӳͬ飬֣ãҽ㡣
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ߣĥȭƻΪķĴȴҪܡ
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֮֮飬￿壬ǻʹùߣߣ㲻ҪȭŷֻҪģһжԱߵĻǯ
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оͱ׵ĵط͵࣬ûйͷͣͱɣ̡֮ͨϱɡ
ΪһѺ
Щһ׼򵥵Ķذ·ÿϰһٴΣ˾ͺãʱΣգγȻӦ
֣ҡ

ࣺѧңԿûõġģĿǰ˲ҡ
Щԥһ˹ô죿
ࣺǸˣҡ
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߶˵Ҫŭɱ˫ۣ۾ֻңҪ侲Χʲô԰ġ
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˵ǵȻͶģöֻܺͶɶ֡
𣿡Ĵ𣬡ҵúһȣӮˣҾӮá
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׼ͷָУѧ̫ϧˡ˵ոһ
ȴҡͷҲҪκҲĿŵѧֿԶɱ˵աᡣȥٽҲֻܷô
ذòأ԰ĽڣУ̫ҡˡ
˾ǻʵۣӵ˼С˳⣬гΪĸڽܭδͦġ
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˵㲻ÿһμɣҲҪ˵ѧκã˵һʱʣúѡ֮䲻Ҫ̫죬ɣҡ
ЦҲ»ʵۡοҽֲΪ㣬ֻΪ˷ɽһ֮˽ѣ޹ء
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𣬡֮ȥңҴȥԣ˼ʱҽ㡣
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֪ȰȥϽҵܻΪѾӵĴĸףķܱʶˡ
ӾܾˡȥҺͲۣ뷨ܾĸǵİš
Ӳܾ磬ԶˡΪøǽ￴ȥ׵̡ĸף磬һģߡ
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֪ǵİţܶһ̫̾һǿ
ϸֲӹ̣ķ˵ȷķܣķɡݻǻʺ빤ֶȻӡ
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빤ֵ¶ɫֻжʮ죬ʹҹƣҲˡָܲﲻԣǿԲ塣
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Цһûûεӡ
ʼ˵Ȼ̫ۣѧǣҲġ
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Ӹǣϵɲ豭һĨ죬ʼȥϸе㣬ǿ֬ٻղӵЦòСüëǰһЩҲһЩ˫вȻĺ󡭡ȻʼѧŴģͿ֬Ĩˣ
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ŭɼֲȢø游Ҫתͥ
ЦҲɼȻˣƾʲôָ޳ûĸΣǴģҺͺӶ룬Ҿȥ̫󡣡
ƿԡ
ʧ飬ѩӣĸζˡ                        
лҪ˵踺أҪͼذˣӼ͡
ǰIд¿Уȥ¿Ȼϴԡ
磬

̫

Ϸȫݼ
˾ҵʸ˵仰ˡӵ˾ܲǿŮݼսʤ˴ΪǿĶ֡ݼɱ˲اס˲κɽ
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ڹƵڹܾڵ
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裨ϺױڣǶĶŻصأܵ
Ӿһգˣ˵˾ȥ裬Ƿة֮ȥ˷ˡ
Ȥùţڵϵ߽˵
ةĹƣӴľڳ輯ᣬԶֽס𣬱Ȼֻţĸѳʡ˾״ȥ˷ˣԻýһֽݹ˾дַϭģҪҪ
Ӻŵ࣬ƶˣ̫Ūˣ˾ƫ˵˾ָӣȥ˷ˣƭˣһֱע͢ҲΪ档
ӺһϭģĴϭ˾ΪαۡȵȣҪͳȱڽܭǵĵۺơ
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Դ˾״λûһΪ׳ջʵΪ̫ϻʳͷѳĳ棬Ǵ޷ûͬ׳̫ϻʣĵˡ
ǵһΣӾ˹Լǹ¾ս
ЦҪ˵̫磬Ĵֻ̥˾׵ʵۣ˾ǰط֧ĸ»ʺŴճĺƲ˾ͼӸ˾̨ͷǽǣһҧ˾ףͷǻụ˺ҧֱֳʤûںܭ̫ϻʺ̫ֻǴžȵۺĻӶѡ
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ԭϢͨġ񳯾ֻңҶڹ÷ʣǲģ򣴨Ӧ֪ԻؼǼҴˣǷ˵ѡ
˫ȭһôҪ飬˾ȻûҡҶΪ˾ڳ˷ˡ
ˮӴʱѾӿϲ侲ˣΪߵ̫򣴨Ϻ;ǸʿһԻڲ̬ȣҪֻǻʤҵĸסһͷ׸ҶǸСᣬԣûн¸߹
ڼǰ˵΢ࡣ
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ȻһжĴֲͷϡ׳գĴʵۣҲ뵱ġȢҵĸΪʺңҲġ
ϱʲôҪڵң
ǰ׳գĸǿܣСᣬ׸
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˵Ĵ˾ױǿһ𣬱Ȼ᳸ԣҪ͸һݴ˳ĳΪĴ֮ףΪַ価ϵ
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ϵӣگ飬ʿ˾׵֧֡
ðáӸмĲ֪ø˵Щʲôһл̫ǳˣܻʮգɡ
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ݿžǿŮ޿κΣӹگģ壬㲻ҪͻȻ㸸ǰһֻñֿЦʶղȣ̸顣
ݵڣ̫ϻ˾ͶʮͶŲУǩһأ߰㡣
ӵͷվĻ棬ҳ
˾Լӽˣǩݶȥѩ˰ɣͷơ
ݼֱɷӺ壬ԣȴѩͣǾȥѩˣͷѩֻ̫ܶѸСˣȤѩµĺˣǶѸģòã
˾ŰݣҪѸôѩˣݶˣôǣҪˡ
Ļ̲סˣ׳ոǰġ
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˵оƺȣ˾תעʳ顣
˾Ե鷨̣Ʈݶּһ㲻׳աݹ
дˣӮˣ˾Ը˵㵸
ȡӡگϣԵȣȥþơ
Ļ棬ӵѥ涼ʪˣĸ׵ĽŲϽᣬͷӹگ飬˵˾䡰ĸױءȻתߡ
ݿŵذϲۣסͣĸŮڵذںϡ
˾Դߴ٣ݶأ
ݲᣬǿһĨЦݣٵȻᣬҰѾһ̣ȵġ
лҪ˵ξһ󲨺зڼӰӵС
200ףλĩ
Ǹ绹һأ۱

û뵽

˺«έĴѩȻûʲôãѩԽ˺Խࡣ
ͷľѩصΪ˽ʡʱ䣬ѸٴϱůĴ멣ţǣ߳ȥ
ӴƤӣӵñӺͼϵѩѵָôˣΪ˷ѩڿڱһ鲼νȫװֻ¶һ˫۾ϵñˡ
Ьͷһ˫Ьоݵľ̸û߰ͷ
ݹһֽľᣬˣȥ衣
ϸĵˣ򿪾ῴһ飬ȷװãŽС
ڴİóݸãͭϵǺ·ϳԡ
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Ҫعˡոת˹ȥһס죬һִ˫ۣ§ļ򣬽е
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̫Ҳ֪ҪʲôֱҪգôִȰԱҪǿͳǣ齻ңһᾡȫӪ̫ϻʺ̫󡣡
ѹסϰóһҩۣĲҪȥҩͣڰգ㣿ôӵ·
Ȼࡣ
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һǸɲݵĵϵӻʹɺҩĵֶΣ֪֪治֪İ벻áϧϣҰԼǺſڼ棬һ·ҪҰ̫ϻʵگת㡣
گ飬ӻһ
ŭ֣Ầģ
դǣԼİϵϣʵΪǣŮãٿһУԼİǲõġСӣҲ߿ԼԼİţΪڳеԼʹʲôԣ
׼ϣཫɽ䣬ϵĲסڱǣҸһȥ˾֪ӣӦҲ֪ҹ˵ǵļ嶼ڹ֪ΪԴ̬ȣϺ򣴨ϼһ𹻷ɣټ̫ϻʵگ飬ˣܷһðѩϵʼ۴ֲضܣܭǵ̫ϻʺ̫һ
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̹ǣúѪڣŷѩǡ
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ǻʵ۵ĵϵĸĿǰлةУоͰ֮ǽܭǵķõܹսܭǣʼ۲ܰ
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˫ĿӥƺҪӵĳһСĳǸĬƬ̣һҪǸкӸöã˵ʶұضȫ㵱ʵۡ
ǸкԼĸײ˵Ǿ䡰Ȿóܵġ仰ö䶼ˣЦ:ة˵ֺ廰Ȥֻʮˣ˷ʱ䡣ʵأĳأڲҿԺҶÿ
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߽ȥɶ˾ӱɳ˾V˾סҰ˾Ĵڳ輯ʮӣҪַλαۡʵıҵлֻǸزסʵ۳Ҫ̨
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ӻǲ㣬տƾʲô֤վߵģ
㽫ûȥıҹĿ࿴빫̻عͻԷ顣
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ͣס
߹˫־Ȼ׼ղŶ˶
ûƭȷһġ
ʮʮڵͼذֵʱ                        
лҪ˵ҪзˣĺѾӵȷ˭ء

ɱ

ʮյǰҹ빤ֺ䱦ְ޸ĺζ͹ԴԴ
ϵĺ֮䣬ƺҪɳƷŷϹݣǰǶϲ̨档
Ϊ˷̫ƽʼ۶ӵմٴ죬빤ֺ䱦ֲиˣѹ׵ֹƶó
죬磬ӱѰʱԸױϻ˸ʹڹ״ūڴϡ
ӲںףʵûûУ
˵δ˵Ϣ
ʮڽжȹôžȱǸ裬Ƿѩӵ쵽ͺܲˣҪگʹ˾׿̳ãʿ·֮ںѸϵ
ȱ켰ʱϵϣ̫ãˣǵÿԼ
ӲתϵӣԻš
ɣܿŮ˫١
ױָױ˵
˽Ѿݸӣʣױͺÿ
ʮͿ֬Ĩۣ˾òס
´硢Ľٵ費ܱʼۻɵġ
ԼӴױƣ̿üüβ΢΢Գһֺ䲻֮ɫ
ַһǦۣɫͰ𪣬һ׵ľޡ
ӻӲڴȾ֬ССӣңΡ
һСìܣȴֱ˴ںϣӿȥ͵͵ĸ׵ױŮӣִĴţʣഺ޵УŨīزʵĴɫԼͿһջС
ǿģֱŮӣ˰ڳļƣУױ̫Ũˡ
óһ֧ûùëʣǻǵëˢǽƵİϵĸˢ촽Ҳָմ˺üΣͿϵ졣
ױɺȻ䲻ĳ콿ޣǱȸղź˲١
Ϻɫ£Ż壬Ծգ򳵣ֹ
֣һϲ죬
ʼۺͻʺԼǵĸӣҾ춼ˡ
游֮û˵ǲˡԴݱΪ̫֮һֱûϳ̩ɽҲûκΪݳͷƽҶװû̫ˡ
̩ɽڼ߹󣬵ûд㽫Ů޸׳ջʵۻ󣬵ס׼ةѹֻ÷֣޳ȥŮóȥˮݵʺʱ̩ɽûõʲôôΪ̫󣬼ҲΪ˵
Ͷˣδйȥ游ԮĴ㡣
֮У󲿷ֻ嶼ԸɾܾϯֻͬĸĽӶ鲻ԸĽ
ȵĺͽкյˣмȸë֯ȹϲů˾ʹ㿴
Ӷ޾ɵİŪеĹӣãкöȻš
ӳ˻ʣôû򣿡
Ӷ˵Ŷһȥܭˣ籾ֵģ˵ʲôѩһͤѹˣȥ
ӷƻһʵ֣ͤҲȼƻõģԴΪڲμᣬȥܭǣ͵͵̫ϻʴǣ͵ʹ
кӿ˵ġʹڡϯ
˵ʵ̫ˣΪʼ۸յǻãδиǰύ飬¾ճϯֻ޹ʹںūԨס
ױ־ԵİüëͿڡʼۺԶ׵ĵʾӭỹûʽʼѾ־ˡ
𣬾͸Ⱦƣ
ָʲô
׵ɫ̬һ󲡳ˣ̫ǿˡ
ůϯϣῪʼ
ӾٰᣬԹͰ˰ʮĸŮ裬Ϊ٫֮裬˳ĿԽ
װˣεգðľȱʲôʱ򵽣ڵ˻ʹ
ֵָ֮Ӿơ
һĻѾʾһٱˡ
ƣȻŹΣĻأҩȥ
ּʼˡзǡŸϬǱϹ΢ЦȽһߵθǰ˱
ʼ۶ӵıֺ⣬ЦСǵľƣһҪȵġ
ʼϬǱɱ
һأ޵Ϻþ
ӻصԼλʱֲĲʮ꣬һɱˣɱ˻ǻʵۣ־Źֻ֣ʧȥĸĺ³־壬ʹ޷˵İѶļƻһȥ
˵ԣϳ֮һһʱ䣬ھƵĴ߷֮£ж֮˻ǰÿ˵岻ͬʱ䲻ͬʼʮˣ֣Ӧûǰ
ʱѾȥʹſܽӦ̫ϻˣڳֹĿǰﻤȻ󽫾ʼ۵Ķӡ˾𥡣
ԣҪ֤ȫӱڽʼ۷֮ǰ뿪ֹ
ֲھ֮Ͼߡ̫ˡ
վ飬һзǽǰʱ䣬ӹʱ࣬׵ĺӶ˵㣬԰Ϻ÷쿪ˣƻȥһ֧÷׸ϰɡ
ӶͬȥһΪһĻֹ߳ӶȻһֱһл۸ǺӶǴ֮ͽֻǱȻʺϷ軵ˣЩƢѣοӶʱײæ
ԹԼܳȥºӶһˣʼ۶Ӷ϶ᱻʩйߡ
ǺӶΣ٣ΪʲôҪźȥ÷׸ıλ϶ҳԱ˳ŵģԼҪϸģ𳶵ѽι
һǵһǡϴ鱻¼޺ŵĽѵӶε沵ӵƻˣѹסŭ˵ҽЩܲú磬Լȥɡ
㡣װȥǣźӶ֣ﻮšߡ֣۹ãó廨÷֦Ưһȥ϶˵ˣҽСǣǶҡ
Ӷо֣ɵҲô˵ز˾ˣվðɣСǵģҸһȥ
ߵֹſʱ򷭱յлʺļУôˣ촫̫ҽ
ӶܵҪͷʲô飬һס֣Īͷߡ
ǣ֣ӶŷʪģȫǺʱͷһϽǰߡ
˵ߣʼͻȻͷһ£ǳǱק۵޷ɿеıӣһͬˤڰϡ
ŵһԵĻʺУ̫ҽ
̫죬˵עڽʼϣûע⵽ϯĺӶӽá
ʼۻ鴤ͬʱڱǶͬʱѪ
̫ˣʹļ˾һӦ˶ϣţ̫ҽ˶ó룡
ӺͺӶһֻŶ̤żͱſڴƻ
ʺѪĽʼֻÿ̫ӱŸײͣĴ̫ҽôû˾ӣεָ
㣬ʸոպľƣ̲㲻ҪˣµĶ㻹ܣûôףˣ
˶ӣ
͸ǻûʼ۾Ѿˣô죿ô죿
ӷɿתѺͣһƵǰܣ̫˾CǰϷȫݼ£Ҫ飬ҶˡسŵɱҿԣӦã²ҪɱҸĸͽ㣡
԰գͦظֱ󽫾˾Ľײȥ
һϯɱæսƷ׽̫ŭĿӡ
̫æҡͷϣ˵ңûУ׵ģݵŮֵܣ                        
лҪ˵СŮи¿20012µĵһգףλ˳˳أա
Vջַʸϣһкз֤ˬʹʹģVǰµĶĶԱҪҲҪʹģÿ¶200ͣлл֧
⣬ӵġ˶ԾѾİλȥרղһ£ȻκϱʷйһŮʵԪΪԭʷȷصĵһŮʵۣ¾͵ʵۣһ¸˹ӵŮɷ
˶Ծİ
׸Ԫﱻĸ죬ޱߡ
Ǹĸڷ·ٷˣ˲ʧԪŽɽɽľŮ
ЦԶԵˡ顢ھӡδ򶼱Ǯգ¶̰ĿҪԾԪļҲ
ԾԪߣ˺ˣһ˺һ˺һ˫
ֻԪҵ޵лɶʩԮ֡
ԪʣΪʲôң
ɹ¿޵ΪҵĻʵ۱£
Ԫ֪ǱκǸճһ¾͵˻ʵֻۣһͱ˵Ůʵۡ
ӳõоٴоãԪﹴɵ°ͣơޡ
PSйһʷصŮʵ۲Ǳκ۵ŮԪ

23 һĸ

̫ӽ˾C, ˾𥣬ֿһʵǡfuǵݣͬǵۺĵӣһ̫ӣһֻǷ, ֮
лҶѲһɣʵ, Тѵܹһʵ, ɣֵС
Ψһɵֻһˡӵİ׳ոס
ʼ۵˻ʵ, ˵ճΪ̫, ̫ͳɼҵﱲ, ѷᡣʼҪ̫ȶȴҲò̫ӣʹӼ˾, Ρ
, ʼֵĶҰ, ˶ᴢ˼, ̫ͬӽղ, ǣƼ, öǵﵽƽ, Ļλȶ
лʵ۶Ūǵ, ʼҲ⡣
̫Ψһĳ·ǵʵֻۣҪ˻ʵۣܵǾĳӡ
ԣ̫Ӷɱʼ޹أǲŵġߣ֪̫ǱݺҲװš
ᣬֻлʵۺΪ󽫾ļʸ彣ڣ̫Ӷܡ
֪ʹ̵ʵ۵Ψһᡣ
ƫƫʱ̱˵ĺӶϽͣûôĵӣʮ꣬ǸӣƽյСūϥֺֻûʵۻʺǸ߱ͷ˵Ķһ˰Ѷģģ
̫ӵȷҵǻ߱߱ûָŸϹĺӶѪ˵ĶǸְֳֺڵһԣǽֶɱҸʣңҡɱ
̫Ӱ/ѾԽʼϵ彣Ӷȥ
ӶУ˼ߣүң
̫ģһӣֹס̫ӡ
̫ӱ裬ļ٣ܣһǱΪǵĸĸڽܭǣ泼ʵģɱʣֵܣĸ˵ǲǣ
һֱŽʼ۴ޣʧĻʺѹ׶ӶԳ֣æվм䣬ƽôǵģֵģϽ˱ʣ߱δǾͻԼˣﻹ𣿻½
ʺһֻĿ⿴ס
ȴе:ʲô֣ʲô߱ϼݱˣԩ̫ӸҶֻ˻ԡಡ֮ҾĵӣøĸвȣҲȻ߱ģ
˵Ŀٴתʼۣûء
ʲˣҾͰٿĪˡ
̫ӳȥ⿪ɰóһöҩҪʼ
̫ӴҪʲôֶҩ衣
̫ӼǿԽٶҩ裬˵ҽ٢䷽Ҵϱõġ̸ʷ£ܹȸʡ
ӳ˻еǿ쿴ϻûֻʧȥ֪Ҳû߱
̫ŭС˱죡ݵúѪˣ
̫ӳȥҪӣȻס
ӾԲ̫֤߱ˡ뱣
ӹſڵأױ涼޻ˣɪɪ̫ӵ£Ѿ񣬲ҪɱҸĸˡ
ֻ̫ٴĸԮĸ֪ӵġִ߱߱治֮£Сӡ
ʺŶӵģԼ˵ҩңιǸʣۺΣһ˳еֵ޹ء
ι˻Уһιô죿ǲĸףǲТ
ʱиӵҩǧء
ʺӻԥȰҪ磬ӹһŮֻ֮ʮ꣬벻ıƣҪúʳĻʹֵŽһµʱ򣬿ҩҡ
ĸƫ̫Ӵ磬ﲻζ̫ҽˣҩ̫ҽһʲô
ֶԻʺ˵ĸ󣬶Ӳǲ̫Ӵ磬ǵ˹ĺɰѽٶĽҩɶ/ҩ̫ӴƺҲϴˡĸҪ˼̫̫ҽ㿴ҩ赽Ǻ
Ͼһ֣ǳֹνʼȥˡǰλӶ
̫ҽŽʼѪĲƾѾȻʵˣҩҪҩѣҪʱ䣬ʱ
̫ӵȲ𣬰һᣬҩ裬ˮﻯˣԼཹེڣȻżŭĿӣڶܷ˰ɣ̫ҽιϣ
̫ҽǲңҩյŻʺ󣬡ҩ΢ҡ
ʺ̧ʼ۵ϰɷҩ
̫ӴԸԶ֤Լףʱô죿λɣ̫˺˳Թ۸Ƿ̫Ӵǻʱˣл·
Ŀתĵӣһץסӵ죬סĲӣϰ֮ˣ׾ٵĽССڿУССͣĳ/߱Ҫֵܣ˵ָܺʹ
˫أϵֻòӿˣ޷ǰ컨ģĻ˫֣˫ҵš
ȥӲһûпʸλ
ӶŵϥеǰĴȿ޵ſĲӣô˵ſģ
֣Ӵӿ˺Ӷϣѽſˡ
ӿŲӴԣӶŵأݰ°ͿˣѪĭǱվûС
νͣںӶʺӣҪǲУҾɱ㣬Ȼӽܭǰ̫ϻʺͻʺһһı㣬ܰʱ
ӶУ䴩͸ֱҪĹӣҪңаҪˣҲŹģ
ӾɤӾһ۰ִۣżҪɱӶɤʹ˵Уǡǡ
˭˵Ľ˺Ӷļ
ӽе:˾ףʹϵң˼Ҫôģ˵Ѿڳ輯ʮӣҪ򵽾Ҷɱ˻ϣ߸̫ӣ̫ӺͼɱʱȺףٳ£ض񣬹ǡ
Ĵڳ輯Ǿܣǻʺ̫ӻмֻҺ֪ġ
ӵĻ٣߼ֻѻԼ档
ʣʹںδ
ָźӶ㡭ȷҽ㡣
˺Ӷָӵ࣬Ϊ㻹ʸ̸𣿡
ӶһʳӴǰƿץס˫ҡΣĭɣãͿ㶮㻹ôС˼նΪʲôˣûжǵĸĸ̫ϻʺ̫ڽܭǹĺúõģϱ֤ǽø󣬻Ϊٰʢᣬô֪㣿֪Сˣı
ӶݣûôõݼӵĹ
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ʱ̫ҽʼ۹˾ݴҽ٢鵤ҩҩãǻعⷵգʼ۾
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˵ûʱͷһϣΣΪʱսӵڣϵʼ۸ǰʣӳžƵʱͶ/ѸʺģӸղѾʹˣ˾׵ָʹ
ʼɫҰܣƤϵĺ˲٣ѵָ̧֣ӣ㡭İǣҳӹᡭɱޣ
ӵķңױѻϵ֬ǣһĨѪ
Žʼеɱֹ⻹ûбĶ֪Լ޽Եʸλˡ
ǰ̫Ӳ˵С˸տʼʹ䣬ҿĸûϵŶӵТģҩ軯ʷá
ʱ̫ӻǸҵ״ǻս˽
о״ʼôůϯָӵɱɱ
Ӷղűһߵǽǣ۵ϺƵԽʼҪɱӣʱʹΪˣͷģϣ֪ƭ
סڣʼͻȻ棬֪Ʒ˰ǽöǰǣȥ
ӶĲɣҪһʱŵ̱ڵϣһ仰Ҳ˵Ҳ޲ˡ
ˮˮʼֻʺǳհʹ̫ӺͼŸʵˮӼͬʱڽʼ۴ߣʺ˳ֽӹ̫ӵıӣɷιˮ
ʼſͣʺһ˫εŲӣԽԽʶѣιȥˮ˳ŴˣʪһƬ
ոռѵʽȥʼ۾ͿʼĿѪˣѪͣشӱǿס䡢˫Ŀó죬۽ѪᣬǺˡ
Ÿӣ̫Ӻͼ˲ɱӺͺӶڽʼߵТӣ̫ҽȾȻϣ
̫ҽҡͷ˶̫ͣǾȲˡ
̫ҽͼֱж䣬ʼ۾һѪƵ͵س鴤˫һɣ˫һͣ˫ĿԲɣֹͣͫɢ
ڷĿ
ϣʺʬޣϼݱˣ
˶ͻϹ졣
һ̫ҽȻȲ˻ϵȥ̻ϰɡ
̫ҽ޹ɱڣҪɱӣҪᡣ
סӸ첲ǿŹˣֻòһɺϮ۳ҪͷطһŰƵĺݺݳлԼĹ
žžž
뱻ķˣĽ
˿µıǲμūʹס
˶ˣû뵽һū˻Ԥڲ
ԴӽʼжʹԶԶıܿ㵽һԣ꼰㣬ūһֱԭλôţֲ´һֱԭζĿŴҹѪϷ
ӱŲӣϢüͷһ£һ˵ӡ
ǵҪնףվȰĴֽ𣬾׼
ҳ𵴣£Ů¡
̫ӱŭףҪսǹ˼𣿡
׼ʧĽһѽǿһȺ۸һûСǶʲôʵʬδǼȲټȺѸ£Ҳʵ۰ɥ£ȹԼ˿Լˡ˼СúùգǷҪɱ˼ҡ
ǵߵǷǣָ¹Ϊ
ָ̣̫ĿĽʼۣϹС˶ɱ˻ʵۣ׿ڳˣ㻹Ʊ磡
һСˡ֣־Եİüͷ˳飬Сˣôʲô
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ָ̫žδӣŻ£ÿ
ײϣ̫Ҫɱӹǲԡֻ̫ǻΪۣگϹλΪˣȻ߱ƣ籣նסҾԲ˵һ䣬ǽ죬̫Ӳ˵ɱɱ
ˣһĨϵۻ࣬˵Ǵָָ㣬Ԥҹͱҵ²ˡƻĹأɱ㣬ǵҲ˵ʲô
ձȨĶܳνǹȨ̫еˣ˵ūɱոǿ˫ȭѵĽţڴһٶлʹӣذɣڷҪҹһܼ̣һУұضһͬ
׳ֽǰòﴳ˾Уֱȡз׼ֻһٶл̫ӵ¾жʤ㣿
̫Ӵ󾪣ݣ
:ͽСˣۣ
׽һƣȼӣһӡ
һڿն𣬶ֹźʵë̺ղ׿Ϸʱ͵͵ҾƵڵϣë̺ȱҾƣһȼ֮죬ڵ͡
ֹһŴӷʣЩʱ̺ȼڿϯ裬·һ죬ʱֻˣһ𺣸ߣ׺ʧǰ
ӣһһ߷;Ƹף֮ǻ졣
лæŽȥȻ
ӵװʧӣūʹڣд̿ʹɱϣǿȥȻʺ̫ǣ
˫üëݵͷлͷ巢ЩʲôΪ棬æ˾͵ȡģͷĻѩ˻
ɻأ̱ǽǵĺӶǿߣһǾ¶ˡ
ֹܳӭѶˣ˵
ǹ͢ƷŮ٣Ϥ͢Σ԰һר԰ԧɺ׵ȶķᣬлķοƵٻϣҴǳ
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ļ٣·˵㲻ҪعˣͲңҪϢ
ǰϵô쳤ֹ꣬͵ĽǻӪˡ
ӶʣҲأ
˵:ǻҪ˵Сֻһ˲
Ӷʱȶˣܲ¶ݣ㲻ٳܣڽȥ֮ǰƬ̣˵:ҲҪǣԵĻܲһ
Ӷıֳ֮⣬Զе¸ʵΪʲô㲻㻹˵һλ롣
Ӷ̾õҷϡЩҲȷڽܭչ˺ͱǵĸĸľǸĸͱǸʵŪˡ᲻̰游ة࣬޺֮ģˣǿǸ˰ɡ
˵:ãҴӦᾡҪҵľ棬Ҷܱ֤ܹŻοǽ򡣡
ӶͷӦһ˿ϣ㶼бɱ˹ʵۻȫˣɼǸ˵ˡѾйˣӵС
ӶңͷҲװŮ˵ͿˣϺӣЯ̿Ϳ˰üë
˳ΪСͷĿȫȻ֪ÿʱڱõĿԴӺǾȡ
һ·˺üؿʱͻȻرˣлʼطٴС
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˶һۣܵǽ¥ĽܭǺ̹ɱ죬üڽͷβвпս
׳ʲô£
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̫ϻһ뿪ݣ̽겻вϣόͷö޲ùɺҩ̫ϻʴߡ
ݴ֪㣬ӣӦļƻʱ󾪣ӻ£˵Һ̫ϻһعһҿչȶҩ·ͣˣǻع֮ô죿ͷԵģεǻگȣηڣ
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̫ϻʴϲ㵸
ҵĵ̫ϻ˾ԴоΣĵˡ
ʻܭǴţźȻرյֱۣΡ
Ͱ׳ɷȻŴӽܭǳˣ
ǽܭǶΨһųĻҳԱ
ݰٸнϲԣϣ漣ҲŮϳ֡
ܭǵʱһߵӹҲױɣն䲻ϵױݣ򳵸ֹ
ܭڻʹǣɽ빬صǴţ˴ţǻʹĻ԰ռƻڴţſڲԶ̫ϻʣȻ̫ϻͽλǻ
ӽܭǵţҪͶ֣Ϊ˱ܣߵСӣûߴ
СӣӴţʣԸ
ھһСʱǰסȥ·
Ƥһӣó·
ǰ˿ŭǰȴǰǱˣµ游㣬Լ游ıǿ׳л
ʲô᲻⣬Ͻة񣬡游һģҴٶ֤񣬽ӹġպ͵š
ã񵽴Ϊֹ˵ˣʣµ
᲻ϣ游ٹСӾ͵ˣ»ͷβûģϾҪһ׮ӰʷĴ¼ܲ꣬Ҳʷ
㲻ͷˣΪֹҪ˵𣿿
ȦˣʲôˣͻȻı˼ƻ
ʱ㲻ʹӽˣʹ˸ɫױǿдᡣ
Ȼʱѷ°ɣ쵽ԾܻԼӪҪʲô
ױͣ׷
ة俴ٸǶ˭룬˭ķԼﲻ𣿻£ץ
ῴµ꣬游ˣֱ̫ϻʺ̫йأ游飬߲ư
̫Ҫ
ɴϣһ߿һ˦ȥݣ
ƵĹսߵһСͬ
ųһ·Ѻͬߵͣɹɵһ·׷ϰ
ݾ쵽ᣬŮʲôˣ
һŮǶԼϿɰʱԼȥǶԵģҲ֪ҾǾ游⣬ͻȻıƻҪң̫ȥغãλмף㴩ϣǵôͷ
ͷһѳŴؽȸ׳ɷϿףȻֵԼ
̫ϻʸоӵĽţʣݶʲôˣ
ݰοû£Ǻ׽Բأ㵽λ£ҪƶˣͷŪһЩŻ㣬㲻ҪϵֻҪһֱﲻӮˡ
̫ϻæλ£Դϥ
ݽ޻̫ϻʶŻˡ
ϵ÷ɿ죬ϤΣﴩ׷
ûãǳصģἴӵϵʱΧм䲻ϲ¡
齣Ҫǣʹʬ̤ȥ
ʳӣ㲻˴ӣһ֣ϣ׽ˣɱ
ȻҪɱ̫ϻʺݣ
ἱˣɱ̫ϻʣȫû⣬ҪɱݣԲͬģ
һӽһе游㻹ϣŮΪҪɱɱ̫ϻʣǵļƻˣ
ЦؾεֹʮѻʯĿǰĻʵͿסˣͺĳɶ˾ӱԼֻҪ̫ϻʺ̫󣬲úһ߸ʼۡɱ˽ʼۣͬھ޶֤Ȼɱ˽ʼۡΪ̫ϻ̫󸴳Ĺͣ򿪳ӭӳɶ˾ӱӴʵۣһ࣬డ󡣹ӣһʿ壬ǡ
赶ɱˣȻʺϷɱ̫ӣȻڡ塱ѼϷ͵ܭǶһɱʼۡýʼ۵ɱ̫ϻʺ̫һָ߽׵Ľ赶ɱˣ
û뵽游˴ΪͥŮݲŹŮӹ׼ȨƵļƷ
ֱɥĲ
ӽȳʿʿѾˣͼƿɱ̫ϻʺ̫
л̫ˣᱻŽŲӣʧȥƽ⣬ӳԯϵ̱װס˫֡
ʿýš
ˣ
̫ϻʶ޻ţλ±ϥǳЦ
ݿɷЦݣѹ޽ηǣӡ
ݹ£:үҽڽͷﻹµ뽫ҵ͸ӡҶԲһʱ̰ڹ͢Уɵڶ̫ӣǿиӸѶӻŮΪڹ͢ӶһʹĸףҲȥ
Ҵˣҵ˽ӣǰһŮȴҪܱѡ챣ӣҵ
ݲ֪ʱ˿ֹ̣ӱѹס첲ǿȹ£쳤ӵűնס
ͣ
һ󱩷ļʸʹ֮ȻֹҲݵ
طתأλ±ϥǵ̫ϻʻãûˣݵԴˡ
漲紩лмҽ֮
ǣͷģ
ļʸ֮ʧأǧһƬ
㶨һ˾Ȼۺ̫ղ
ֱըˡ
Ҿ֪ǸԻѳϵ߰㣬϶Ͱͨˣ
Ǹһֱǣҡ
ʵһֱŰ׳̫ϻʡĹۺúÿɣоȻðһ׳գҲΪЧ
кŻʹڵǷż
ԭмɵй赶ɱˡõġǰơỤ̫ϻʣɴڰ·ӭӣȴȻûеߣʼʩ赶ɱһףȻҪɱ̫ϻʺ̫
кż
ѾأҲˣŽգͷ̫ϻʺ̫Ӧ
ҹѣڶڻ̳ˣս
ݱ˾ŵ̫ϻʣļοţߵ㸲£ý߿˳š
ݱܵסſڣʹȥҲҪ̫ϻʡ
̫ϻʶ仹޻ţʱǳſڣŵˡ
̫ϻ¶ϲı飬һƿݣסߵʿˣҾ֪Ҿ֪ûңһҵģ
С̫ϻʻ̫ӵʱ۾̫ӵʦˡ
ݿУֿʱϣǿΣգ
ʱ˿ֹ̣׳־ӣ
ʱһʬĸ˾ߣ
Ȼ
ղżʸȣᱻס˫֣ܷɴɵøһŵصʬƣ˽١
˽ʬ˳
ݸ飬֮ղŶףȣҺ̫ϻʲܻǷŹ
̫ϻҲɵẩЦŮŮ
иɰ󣬡߰ɡ
ҡͷѾˣҪ׷̫󡭡̫ϻʡ
һƱ游Ǽ鳼Ӣۡ
ı롰Ӫ
˽ʹֻмʱ̫ϻʸλܾӹ
ʱ̫ϻʺ̫󶼴ſףͷÿ԰ɻء
ñط̫꣬ϻʷҪͬһΪȶ̫ϻʵֻôӦ
Ҫǣ첽УŮȻǱ̫òޣסˣһ㣬ں档
鵽˶ֵʱת
Žټл˴֣һ˶Գ֡
кֻжǧһӷˡ
ж˵źܽǧҴʿǣ㣬㸺˻̫ϻ̫ͻΧֻҪ˴ţʾƣǾܽ˹ǾͰȫˣʹפأлǴ򲻽ȥġ
˵ٶɡô㣬ԲŹġ
Ц:ֻҪ̫ܰϻʸλߡ
̫ϻʲϣе·֣ݺڹ㣬а£عұµġ
̫ϻָɱڵлڸʲô
׽ԲءЦɣһ鲼ס̫ϻʵ۾ܴ̼̫ˣֻбº̫㵽ȥǲҲǡҪúöǧҪ䰡
²˳٣һ̫̫ϻʹм䣬ͻΧаνӪ
˫ս̫࣬ͻΧĲ
л̵֮ʱĴ˵ҾܵУʧء
󾪣ǹѵʿĲ˽ʿҪıô
˼ʱƮһģȻ
ú˾׵ľӣҴҸϵǣлˢ
ʱսɱذ

24 ɱһŭѪǧ

˵ú̫ϻʵگȥȱ,
ȻϣĴȻڳ輯˶ʮӣѹӣĴΪַԪ˧λãڳִݣϴѩ·, ·, Ĵ԰ַ֮ңңڡ
ةʵѾͳɶ˾ӱͨ, Ӧϣɶλ, ֻıϲ̨, ɶµı൱ܰԪ˧ֵĳ롣
ʱ, úཫ̫ϻױĺַ˾׵گͳΪ˭ַĹؼ
ΪʲôûĴѡ˾ףʵ൱ķ
ʵܼ򵥣Ϊ˾ױǿ, ѪͳĻѪͳֶ, ʹúϺ򣴨ϵ֧, ƿȨ, Ҳֻǵ, Ҫıλʵ, ۻһʿ嶼ϡ
ĸ˾, ˾ѪͳϺͽĵ˾һ, ˾Ѻʺĵӡ
˾̵ӵĴ󲮸˾ʦ£Ӽ崫ϣ˾Ѿ˾ѵĶˡ˾Ķ˾׵ĻѪͳ͸ϡ
ԣ˾ݾǺܡ塱ȡ־Ԥ
ة࿴еĳɶ˾ӱͲһˣ˾ӱǽĵ˾׵׶ӣʮ壬̫ϻʵ׵ܵܡ
ڳɶĻѪͳ̫ˣٽλҲةѡͳɶҪԭʡ¡
úڴѩи·󵽴ﳯ裬̫ϻױگ׸ûֵ
گеҪټ·˾ףһӶַԪ˧֡
ϲټᣬگһò
ɶ˾ӱ룬ˣ̫ϻʵگ鶼ܴɼƷ仯ةѾʧƣ̫ϻʣҺةԼϡҴԶһˣȴҪΪ¡
ɶڷĲ̫ϻʰ׵ܵܣֻ֧õܣΪΰگиһˣȴ׵ܵӶ
ɶ˾ӱԼһ£ǿʼ̣گıʼӡ¶û⣬̫ϻʵλ֪ģ֪Լдʲô˼̫ϻʵı⣿
ϣ֣λ̫ϻʵʹ߳ʶһ¡
ú߽Ӫʡ
ó̫ÿˣ߽ʱ򣬷·ͷѩ⣬ҫ۵Ŀѣ
ȫաб׷ֵʱòõש
ֵġɱѾשˣֱǸǴûڣ
ñ곤ҽܣϣӣá
ԭϵӣò֮
ʩһ񣬡򣴨ϣࡣ
ȻҹǸкѧŮ
ú඼ǸԼڵǵĳִռݳ͢ڽɽϺ򣴨ϵ
ʾѾõʿϿɣ̫ϻʵگҪ
ɶ˾ӱëˡ򣴨ΪУǺ׷˵λ˵
úһһסĴ
ùļƣ˺Ĵ˽̸˾֪λڳ輯ʮǽ̫ϻʲ̫ϻʱݱһ޾̫ϻѾãûжӣռ̳˳ܼ̣ɶ˾ӱ̫ϻʵ׵ܵܣֲʸ񵱻ʵۡ
һΪַԪ˧ȴѪͳֲΪɶۡǰһˣ£վϰ
˾һеԶðŷѩܵΪʲôεĳѪͳʵۣ֮λܸûɡ
ɶ˻ʵۣûʲôˣ֮λ붼룬ֻʵʵصأһĶֵع
İ𣬡ҾˣͰӪ鷥񣡡
گӳ֣һӦַ̤Żѩо
ַٳ£ʱسǵлټܭǸΧкɱ̫ϻȥˣؿ顣
ʱ˺ַͣѴ֮͹˳ţֱ룬úڽܭ̫ϻʺֱ̫ӴһϵÿкʿָлսԼʲͻΧ̫ղ
ȻҾ֮ûп̫ϻʺ̫󣬵ة಻Ե޹ʵΧУúһֱۣԴһֱк
ԶĻʹųǽĲtϣӣףÿսһĻ
쿴ģ˷ָܵ򣬡úڰַˣ
˴ϲ̫̫ϻоˣ
ֻ׳Ĭսս֣֮ˣž˵ֱȻսսʼΧһ㣬Ϊ㣬Ӷʹȫսڽ״̬
Ȼӵ㲢ʲôսҪأôӦĳҪĶˣ
ʲôҪ
һҹգ͵ʶʲôս˵ҳǡˡ
˶ʱ׵˼æó˶ٸ״ָӡ
ŶͰźõĸļƻὫ̫ϻ͵ŽȻͽλָܹӴŵ
׽Ŀ⣬Ҳ׹Ǹˡ˭찡ﵽ׺ūʲôϵΪʲôðվңΪʲôҾ֮ȥӪ
ĲѣĸĸҲǣ֪֮ԼèУսֻңֻǿסţڳ¥ս
ſˣ״һҾУĿҲġ
ɱ鴫׻һԴйϣƾһ֮ɱһѪ·
ֱ
¥ϵӿĿɿڴ˭ͱһңڿ˵Ƿǳˡ׶ǿһٻء
ŵͷͣʿ䣬ʱѪڣ׷ϡ
һ֧һֱ֧/л࣬л룬˽֡
ú˻ַָлΪ㣬ΧһĽɱ
ս¾涸ȻŤתзΪʤ
һ·ɱǰ֪ɱ˶˵ˣڣ֧Ӻлʦˡ
Ȼ׿һλǣƵ
ſףͷֻ¶ƺӲʵĿΣԵ
šˡôеĻ
ϣи۾˽§İ׳ɷ
ûпΪæŰ׳ɷƾɱ죬ﶼֻİ׳ɷ
Ϊô࣬㶼һۡ
Ǽʹίįе籬ˣײظһһùоԴսйԼ
ɱһŭѪǧ
׵£ַڻл̫ϻʺ̫͵š
͵Ⱥڴ˵Ӵ򿪳ţӭӸĸ
ʱ̫ӺͼڴŻĳֹˣѰ߱ӺʧٵĺӶλ
ûҵȴַµ̫ϻʣ
Ѷ
ʬδα˾ȫҽԱɱһ
̫ϻ˾Ըλگ飬ʿԼԱլۡȺϳӭ̫ϻʻعٰ츴λʽ
Ӻ˽һ𣬲ֿʱС궼ЩΡ
ÿӲϿµһȦ࣬µžЩʲôգ¡
֪˵仰Щʣǡ
룺Ҫұ𣿰ױˣͿúڻƣˣҪ˵
˵ӣףտ֣ꡣ
ĵףһӵվǼˡ
Ҳһ㣬ҪԶʧȥˣ롣
ӣ顭
ʱȺ㼯̫ӭ̫ϻʸλ˾Դ̫ϻ±˻ʵۣµĵһگ飬ǲΪʺ
ɽϵĽ԰㱻廨󣬶죬͵ϵ¥
˾ڴˡ
㷢صʾȡƲţƾ粻֮࣬˵
˪һѵֱͱȥһΪҵĸ˰
ͱһһΪʮĸ
һΪСֶŮ
ͱʮߵ㳦ˣ
˽¥һƣΪ

25 


һַڻࡣ
Ѿռ, Ūǣȴ½ɣ̲סɹ롢Լ·̵ȵȣҪǵڣҵźúõķɲ, Ҫһ˵, Ƿɱ
ڶ־Ǻܺڻ٣, Ծһ粻֮࣬ȴ˶, ϵڲ, ͱʮߵ
㲻
˵Ļսַȡѹʤ, ȥ̷Ͷ
ͶҪʿŷ¢Ϲٳ, ŵһ, λ˳, ҵ, Ѿ漣, ֻлС˵Ÿôд, ý֮սֻеһͳ, Ҫ踺, һط塣
żͺȺжǾӣôɱأ
ãֻҪţз̵ϣ׳̫ϻʺͿ̫ܴƽܭǡ䣬߳عۺλã绹ʲôܷأ
ȻǾӣûɱ˰㣬ס۾ߡ
ΪԼҪȥҿֺ󣬷ԼҵĽ԰¥
ǰ˪ˣ˵Ķ̵
ûкǾӣɱ˲ǣ˼֮踺صūݷʮ꣬Ϊ˵ȴгһ̡
ԩ
˭뵽һ֮ڴý㣬Ȼһ鱰Ĺū
ڲðŮ飬ֻҪ˵ĸԸļ޸׳ջʵۡ
ͬˣʱôҲûϵǸֻÿŮҾȻʮ󣬳ΪľĹˡ
ңܶӶͱˣһ˿룬Լһ£ϾӺŵ࣬κʷһˣǻС˵ǡ
Ȼ˲̵ĴĻ룬ֱӽһϢ¥
Ϊ˵
׹¥һ̣ܵ裬ͱʮߵܣֻǵѣȴĵطһ࣬ȻҪȥһ
ֵԸ
žһ죬¥µɽʯϣ­Ƕˣ
Ϊʷٵķɡһֶû˵
˵̧ߣӵȥҪŪ˽԰
ͬʱɶ˾ӱַĺ߱ǻԼ֪һǾֱฮš
ɶฮȫɱ⣬ͷʱȱؼᡣ
ɶȥڴϷʬ塣
̫ˣɱ飬ʬױͱòˣǧŭİռ̤ͷϣȳɶѶϹȥʬʱһ̯Ƶ˦ڴϣҲ̶á
и˹ȥʬ
Ůʺݵĸ֮
α˾׺͹ʦһ̫ϻʺ̫λһֱԶ볯Ŵµ̡֮
ôܲʬͷ
ɶ˾ӱ֮ʬ˵ʲô̩ɽԶǰִĹʱһûʲôɫĴҲһӵġ
ɶ֮˽ع֪ںδ
˽ع֮ľλΪ
֮ɶʿѪĵܽ˵ҲδᣬݴѾҾ֮С
ˣ޶֤ı߱ľ֪
ɶģ˵ȥᣬ
һͬĳɳ˾V飺ʮܣӵӶˣȥһ¡
˾VҲǽ˾׵Ķӣʮꡣɶ˾ӱʮꡣͬĸֵܣ
֮ǰڳ輯ӵʱֵַԪ˧֮λ˾ƾ̫ϻױگժӣܾˣˡ
˾VܵڿӣֱѰˡ
Ӷôǰ׳ջʵ۵Ůʹɶ֪ڹҲֱȥˣһոսø۸ֶŮĻ
ɶһ۳ɳ˵ЦˣӶѲأαǿȺӶ¼޺ϣȲѣѾΪɱȫңĻѾˣʲô
ɶϵɳЦЦɱʮᡣ
ɶ˾ӱǾѣ˵ôǰһأ˵ö֮һΪ˸ɽ
ԴС̣Ļ̸̥ȫǻ棬Ĳͣɢ
ɳ˾Vʮżȫ壬ҪʲôǰѰ䣬ϣ󵽵ܵܵİѱ
ȫᣬһ׷ɱһûҵ
ǶȻǱ˽ݲؽɽ԰
Ҫо֮ĴŮʱĴ뾩ǣȫΨн԰󣬳Ϊĵ̣Ǹȫıܷۡ
˵ĸ˰ǽ԰ʮѣ֪ѣ˰ȫұɱΨһ˴踺أװͶα˾ףΪ̫ղ£Щͺ֮Ů˰ﻥӦͣǿиѣһ᲻ڻ¡
ۺλ߳ʽ
˵úһ·糾ðѩ·ɱǽ˵ۺ֮Χ͵ۺ֮Ͼû꣬۵ֽŶղˡ
ӵգȴڹŹ˺ü⣬һƬңǻʺҪںִ֣ڹŮҪ͵͵ӽӵլܷۡͷ
ĴɱǺ󣬵αۺĵѪƯ֣ͷңӰ쾩Ƕʿ
ӼĴ壬оӵĴͳﶼϵļаˡ
ͷս֮ʱرﷻĴţϵļǧ˽ﷻĶĸţۺһ𣬹ͬսңͷľӸĳЩҪ˻ӶǮƵӱҲҺѵصĲս
Ϊ䲿ػսءøõܡһǽĵ˾֮Ů׳ջʵ۵á
Ǵ˶ĺôˣĻ䣬õóֵĵˣڼĳʼձżĵλи߹١
صػ£Ȼʹȫˣ罫ӡã඼ӵ˼չˡ
ԼҪģ˵˼ƻؼҪ𷣡νСܣߡҴˣܱܷͷȼٻȥ
ǻӭλսѣӸҪ飬Ҳ⿴ӽύ־ʿŮӭࡣ
˵ֱԴͷɱ翴Ӳӿµ࣬ӯίˡ
ҡͷίҶɱ˾ףúˬһжֵõġ
Ůϸ²ˡˮҲִ⽴ͼӹգҳһˮף׻ˮһþõġ
һ쾪Ķǣ˶ˣÿ˶ˮ
Ǯ컹ʵľ²˺ͶѿԼ۵СƹͣЩ߲İٱ۸
СɵĳԷǻڣһʱȻϡ
Ӷ¶ƣɫú࣬۵¶ȱڣЩ˵˷ЪϢ
ӺҪ˯һ𣬵ߣкö໰Ҫȴ̫ۣմͷ˵˼˯ˡ
Ρ
ֹӱ̫ŲӾٸ߸ߣ޷оѣ˯ˡ̯֫첲ѹӵĲϣȸɴĶƤϡ
ӺѣѹֻجΣŵ˯¶ʪˡ
˯Ǹ˯˰ռŴӲò𴲣ط˯
ԤУ°ҹпܻᱻ´
ͷмҶʱ˺ʱʮ㣩ӿõԷŵơ
ô죬ôû˯ӺȥţþȻо˵֡
˵Ӻңһ˼ѾЪôôˣ
̾˯̫ˣֱҵ˴ѹ£뻻ط˯
ã룬ѵðɲܷŹ󣬡ãԷԽһ𣿡
ԤУӦûᲪȻŭɺͳӴʹˣŲߡ
γϣûзԣīֽ⣬ãЪϢȥ鷿˯
ʲô
Ҹ̫죬磬ӾһõĴϣõıӣõͷõζ
һ̣ӾޱȰȫ˯˶̯ˣ˵üűڴϹȥ˯ȥ֮ǰӾúһҪûܿ챻ϯ˯ˣۣ˯ˡ
Ǳʶһֱ겻ɢһ磬˯˾񣬴ůı
һԴе⣡ҾȻ¸ˣ

26 ƫ

Ӷǲǻţ
ʱƻ, Ӷڻ԰ѵĵ𶯣Ϣ
ʱڳĻ˺ף׵Ҫܣ̾ˡۺλæŴֹδػǵĺӶ
ο, ӶԴӳ, ͷڹһֱûʲôڸС
ҪȷһºӶǷ, ô䣬ɱ𶳻ˣ
ϴ, ͷɢŽȥ鷿, ò鷿ʰŮ˵úȥˡ
úżΪʦ, ʦУϰ˳ϰ䣬۶۶״򲻶
ͷͥԺѾ, ûľԴ, һεκˮڵذ, ð
ͷŻʧ, ЬӶû, ս, ʣجˣ
ץõ, جθ¡Ҫˣ
Ӱѻ԰ѵԼ˵, һΪѾѽˣָûȥ¾ڼһҹҪع
˵ͷ̫ңﻹα۵൳㶾ɱαۣһΪα۸𣬶㲻ô죿ʺѾ㽻ұ幬͢ٽȥһˣȥѰӶ
ҲȰӶԸ뺷꣬˵ڼҹ˺㣿ȰһȱܱܷͷŮǰȥ͡
ұܼ֮ŭɴ಻ؼҡ
ӶƢˣˣðɣã鷳һˡ
̽Ϊ˰ȫȫ尲ȫػһӲ͡
ó֣ٴⶼܽӷ
СƵĴչᣬ֣ôһζйӵζ
ţȷйľĵ㣬ŶõıӾҶѬġ
˼ңÿĴ춼Ѭӱɸܰߡÿ˵ϲòͬʦݿϲ㣬ÿ˵㶼һ
ˣôñӵζ
ӣ˯ϡ
ž
еľأɴ飺㡭ǡʮ갡
ϲϼװ棺˯ƵģֻԼ˯޴˯ϵĲ鷳ŮͼӷˣʦʰӣҾȥ˯õԷ˯鷿
ǺˬĹҲ޷ܣ㡭ԺˣҪŮԷһҼġ
˵ûʲôģǰһ˯
ӿըˣ
ӣСʱ£ֻСһ죬ӷ˾ʱǾʶˣһѧ·˵˯ʱҲһ𡣡
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˼Ǻܴ÷ϵవԼˣתƻ⣬ô˵õˡ
ӵͷϧﶼȥͷôңĻ̻̣ҿӷҲûôٴա
˵սҲʲôúûűʲôﶼҪ
ޱͬ࣬ʱһΪԼأû뵽ܹźطꡣô˵˾̳ġ
˸Եľ겻ѣԷС﷫𺽡
ͬʱʹ԰ů׵λǣʮˡʺݡ
˵ʲô˵ͷѷ硣
յСǧԡ
װüëͿˣòϡĽͷС
ѾӣòĻվһƳƺʳ˼̻Ů
Ψһ仯ģǱ˴˵
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󿪣ɱһѪ·ΪݽΧºݻصʹһ϶ߣҪһ档
æڹα൳Ҫ׹ͨҲĺӶ
ЩΡ׾ԼǸˣӦȿڴƳĬ˵㻹𣿡
һ䣬׾ͺˣԼ˵ɶ޸һ׳գһܻʺܺʲô˻
һţϰԵӺס
һ£ֺˣ㶼ʮˣսһ˶һ˶µģôʱͷִ³ɵľٶʮ׻ˣ
¶ʱľִٲݿˣƽڷ˲ܿʧˡ
ĳ򻬹棬һȦȦᡢҲǳ߾ˮˡ
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ɱҲˡ
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ӣֻһЩƤˣû˼Ҫ
˵ֺ꣬ˣҺƵģڲǳܵʱ֪Ҹ˺ܶࡢҵĺáҿסмҵʱ򣬱ʰøС
ǣײһ䣬СһЩ˶ʲô
㿴ҶôףôСƽϣǸôõ˰
׾Լ˵һ仰Ϊ⡣
ȻᵽŮ嵭˱飬ε˵Բҹ˼̫࣬ûк˵㣬ͱһ
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ݵݸһƿҩҩǹ͢ط˵ǻ٢ķӣܹٶöǷãšϣԺò
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׿ĽֱʱµԼᣬһūӣһǴʿ̩ɽϵĹŮͬ壬ͬĽײ㣬Ȼ밮Щʵĸңɶ˻మˡ
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ݽסԼҪ£˵ףҰ㡣Һ㣬ҲֻǡѵĹϵˡѾΪ/ޣΪĸҪӺĸ׵ΣҲߵġ
һ˵ԼӺĸ׵ݣ׵Ŀʼۣһ׳գһܺӣܸʲô޾鷳Ϳѣǰ˵ң㰮ǣʤңҲˣΪʲôһδεѡԼʮǰΪ˾ңʮΪ˰׳պܺӣôأôһʮʹ࡭
װʮ꣬ԹˣĿ޴ѹﲻظһԵȫ
֪˵澡ʧûа취һμ棬أȥ˵һ˿ϣȥ
ӹһߣһὫͬáԾĳŵˣǰ游ةƣɼڣѾˣʬͷûٿˣݣˡ
˵ʲôֻҡͷҲߵġ
׳ķŭˣŮһҲУѵ᲻Ǹ׳գѵˣǱȼ޸ڣǻΪΣˣûٿ㣬ȴԼԭ̤벽
ݻҡͷ顭ô򵥡ҵɷŮǸ׸ǣҾʮĹҲ뿪ǡ뿪
ϴʾܾκλ롣
׷ŭˣͿָ֣Ϲ򣬡ԭұȲһ׳գҺǲ·ԼΪ˷򣬶ܱŮɱʱòֻᱧ۾Ųϲҷ
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״ʱ絶ˡ
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С³һؼë
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ס֣ߣݷճ֩ϵѣԽԽ֩òˡ
Խһ§סݵǾŮȻɱһѪ·ҷɷҸô࣬رΪమڸң㲻ˣһֻİ׳ɷܺŮûôɵһƿҩܻ֮ԶԶ
˸ݱ޿ɱܣڲҪʲô
㡣˵֣ױپʮĳ࣬Ի롢Ұοƫƫ붼ˣֱԵѾʵ
ƫ
ûˣ廹ڣ**ڣڻһͷ˵ĹǣҪ¸ԭԲܹ֮¡
ҡͷҲܱɷ򡣡
ЦԼʲôԸҵģϲ㣬˵뷨ԲԣҵɵӺ壬Ϊô࣬Ҫرݵ÷ܣ
ݲܸҪģ̸ˣֲϷֻ֣öԮеˡ
û˵ڣͱ׵һǿǸ
׾սʱͣĹԵءɱᣬŮ޷֮鼱֮£ϷԼһ
β˼룬һˣ
һƺ߰ѪӲֱ£ѩ׼ĳ£⾪ġ
׷ݵԽѣ˻һ߷˰Ĳ豭һء
ͷѷŶ룬棬ŭĿӣ
û뵽ݻ˸ңԲУҲԸһʺᵱġ
ŴѪķίӣûУԼ
ԼҲԸ㣬Ҫ𣿡ʣóӸֹѪٸϴһƤΧס˿ڡ
ƣףұΪ˲ͬޣһȺɫߣǿˣ
ݵͷ˵֣Ҫ˵ˣߡ
һΣûŴѪķվԭط㶣Ǿ䡰ԼҲԸ㡣
˾ô㡣
򹷾˵ı΢
һ仰һݣ׽ץȻΪһҶۡ
ڹԱ׹Ԩ
վûҪծһԵ뿪ʹݵķصֿʼ˲ʵʵĻ롣
صδ빬˽⿪ƤΧݲҩʤѩҴ°ѩڻˣ̾
ͷʹ㵹ãӾʹԼҲǷ°̺ۡ
ľżƵƾŪһᣬ˵νл˱ǡ
֮䣬ƺ׵ζݻŸղǸҵǡ
ǾܾģƭԼġ
ʮˣΪѾֻǰѣǼ׵һ̣糱ˮĶ򣬲ϷϾͲڡ
ȫȥơȥѹ֡װ䵭ȴ󹦿һ񣬰ܸǸǡ
ݾԼԲɷ򣬿ʼ᾵е
˼ʺǧô롣˶ϲƯĻҪۻؼҲƿǻֲǻĴ
ݿžеգ˵ǿϵҵˣ
˵ÿǲһġ˿лʺ̩ɽϵĸ߹ĳϲʺҲ˭ϲƯĶأ֮ģ˽֮Ƿϻʺˡʺֻ֪㡢ˣŻῴݺıꡣ
˵еƤֻǱ˴౻ԡݾúЦԳ˵ˣԼҲʱ͸ԼġĿ͸ˣδػϲˡԼʵʵϲܡ岻ڹһĻӣһһֱ©ˮĴȴһ϶õĽ֪˵ȣʲô
ԼĲӣӲһȦµۣ̾ҺӺûõﲻһһֱŬȥı䣬Ľиɲ꣬ңΪʵ°ܽˡ
Թ԰ȰοʺѾܲˣĪҪһʺϷ磬ʮִΪյԽԽãʲôأŮˣûӣ˭ԴĹأ
Ů˵ݺûþ㣬̫ӱƵֻŽңлɳˣɱ̫ӣһ͵ܭǣһ¡һʺ³ֵڶǿƵĻʺ󡣻ʺҪţ͵ʾ
ɣ⿴͸ʺͻһһɼһūı䲻ʲôұ֤۷ʲôҶʺߣһƴϣ©ˣҪһ
ݿ˼ϣҺ㡪
ͷŮ˵ýҪˡ
һˣվݡ
˵գʹ͡
˴Ӷ£ϻʺҪЬ߽δ빬
˹⽫ֻһߵľ롣
񳤴ˣСʱԣůϯϣ۹۱ǣǹģֱʺգǰʧǡ
ϲ裬õĿζͷгʡõĺ춹Լ֭Һ̺ǣͷһŨң˵ǲ裬ʵҪŨء
һ嵭ӣʵζ˭ء
˵ССͣ˴¸ңȥȱΧҺǸмգҪʲô
Сʱ򻹹ݻڻʺǰˣһݣ˵˱׼𰸣ⶼ΢Ӧġʺˡ΢ʧ΢Ϊ˰ӹӶϢգѲڻ԰ѵĺӶˣ֪Ӷ
һã֪¡
һ㶣⣬Ҳ˴£Ҳû˵ڻ԰˳ɻšԵȣȥң
һһֱΪͻصˡҲһӶСȻʺϷ߻ˣԣĸҲûǿȥһġĸֻҪ֣ɵȥʼձž룬Ź
漰Ůȫش⣬ʧְˣæվҲȥ
ϸģΧס԰峡˵ƼȻŴݺȥéᡣ
ʴβͳɣͰķӣϢһݶ֮ϣҲů͡ζţһɼζ
Ӷڼңڲݶ˸Ȼһޱȥ˿˯㣬೤űĳֿɵİճϵһë
Ǽɳһˡ

27 CP

칬, ʹ, Ӷͷʱʱкɱҽ, ŵòҳ, μӡ, ҪҵϢĶ
˵Ҳ, ǻʹӶڶˡһǼ̺ݡ
漰, ȴǺӶΨһεˡ
˵ҵϢӶڼﶯҲۼͷ˭¶棬ջն
ҹ, ɱ, ӶǲҴӼ, ӡ
˰ŵĲ׼ʮܵ, ȡůı޷׾ƺ͹ɼڱ桢ȾܳԵĶͰԺ
Ψһȱ㣬ǵط̫СӶͷ, ڹײƵ, ҹﱱХ, ٹҹ, Ӷµ˯ţշת࣬賿Ҳܲˣɴӵ¡ײҡű顣
ζţϾǻ¶ȣײӶ飬˰ȫУܿ˯
˸Σεֹӹɱʼۣܣ̫ӡȵһȺɷ׷ţ˵һ£ǰ·׷ԽԽ
ӹ֣ʵ㣬𣿡
Ӷȶˣʱˣ㻹˵ʲôŲŵƨ㣬һ˭
ӹָ£ȥǾܵþȣŵҹҲ
ӶãҲڹʵ۵ĺԼһ
ӹ͵һקӶһ£һ¡
ˣ
Ӷ۾ͻȻĳůоֹ׹ƣ۾ԭǱһֻʷ˸ˡ
ӶϲȻǹз壬ҳݵң
˿˯ĺӶ¶Цݣ͸СȻմżëй龪һӶû£ĺúõġ
ѣ
ʷ˾ȻڳԣӶ͵ؾˣ۾˵ĲǷˣˡ
Ǹ˾ʶȤĳȥˡӶ϶пǱӡԺӶƢ߳ŭ֮£Ҫڳ۾
ֻ˺ˡ
ˣӶЦʧˡ
ŵ̬ӼĸݣҲʰôǣأ
Ѿϰ˼Ů˵ɱʼۣ̫࣬ﻹδα൳Σգҽڱ𴦡˽λøңȥ
ӶָˣҲ֪ҶΪβӣӦ͸ˣǹʱ䣬뿴ڼҹҳ𣡡
ֱڣӶǶӼŲɣùȻᣬ»ǿ׵ģԲڼ
ݺɣòźһСƽϣ˵п࣬úӶӣ罫ʹʧ
˵ԲǸոջع񷱶࣬ҵĴ
ӶһˣҾ֪һֱûġҪϴ裬ȥʣúøһ״ҪĸĿ
޻˵
ʺΧתƻ⣬£ѱɶ˾ӱšԶɱġ
仰ȻЧӶ̽ݵԹ׵һߣأӴӦңᱣסһʳ԰ɣ
˵ģѾҲˣսЩˣ޴󰭣ˣһὫ͵͵ͻع
ӶҰֻһ˿סľ棬ұ룬Ѹϵȥ󸸻ּ
˽סݹӺһСӣһٳȥ
ӶһӣǼǼëʱ󺧣ҸղžǶ˵ˣ
ӶĲѣͷѩϴ˽һӴͷסֻ¶°ͣ߳˻԰
Ӷԡ£ȥҸ˾ԣҪ룬گ飬ϴӡӶָ˵
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ʵ˾һִЦڼѹҹȤҽҲҪ˯ѣȥ
Ӷɵˡ˸Ǹβʳӡİ׳գüǸʲôȥ
һ״ǰ׸ˡӶҰѸʴȥһĴҪ˯Ѿ鷳ˡ
ǻʵ۷ҪźӶҼѣӶû취ñֶһָ¹Ϊ˵Ǽѡ
ӶȻʹǣݽס˵ù
Ĭ֪˵ʲô٣ȥδ빬ȡ
ݽ͸ãŹҵļױ֮һû֣ǲŮļƣƳЩٲ£˵ʼѧˣ͸㵱
ļŮʫٽһһλ޸Ӷٵţӷʺʹ඼ǺӶˡ
ĩңļū°ߣ˼ӣʮġ󱻲ܲؽأȡļ麺ļλ޸ʿ롣ļйĿָı£ĬдʧսҵĲ飬ܲΪ̾
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ɱ֮ޣ̩ɽϴӴ˳Ϊ˾ҳϵѣҪ߸κ˾Ҹͨ顣ļò˺Ϊ˾ıԶĴŮ褻޸˾ҵĵճ˾ʦ˴׻ʺ
ݼ޸׳ջʵۣΪڶʺ̩ɽϲͬŻ£׼ѹò֣ϾԼҵŮҪӣ׼˷ļױовļ١
֪ٹأǷƷǾܴͣǣл
Ŀȥ˵⺢ԽԽÿˣɱضСҲã֪ѣȱļƲߣǸĺӡ
òݵӣŴĸ׵òʮͷ棬ͯΪ˱õİȫð͵ת͹۲绥˺ӣСӤɡ
ݺο˵ܽĺܺãɡȻ̫ڹʮꡣһ𳤴÷˴֪֪ףٹ꣬ʮ꣬ӹǣͿԸͻ飬ʱ¼޵ϣ⺢ӶúöԴģпҾͷˡ
ʮǰŮ˵ļƻΪ˱ȫӣȻ˽ΪޣΪһˣͲֱ˴ˡ
Ŀǰļƻ˳ģӺѾԻֻͻСδϣֻ꣬ûŮ֮飨ӣǣ
ЦҾ˻飬ضһԺͺ۵ɾ¡
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һ룬˾ǰûţıӺõĻ£кöҪΪ׶
͹ٻصһ·϶ɶ˾ӱͳɳ˾VʿѲߣǶᡣ
е̶Ъҵˣ˽ͷβʬѪɱʬճ·ϣʬ˲òôÿ飬һ߾߶͸˵ʬ˵ϡ
ڽѰ˵壬Щ˱Ƚˣҵˣʬ߿졣
շ֣ͭѾΪ¶ͣʬϣǰٹҹС
Сܿϵʬ壬ˣǺʱŵһͭΨһӪҵĵ̣뵽ϲҵȥ
˵Բס͹٣ıģǼϰ͸ϵʬˣɾϰֻӡ
ˣǮǮȫһݡ
ûصϸȥϵѪȥҡ

ԶӵĲҽÿ첽ܹȥȴѵϰ䣬ڷϵһ鲼ӵڲ𼦶ѹȡ
ӵĴȣ֣ټһᣡ
۴УУʹҵȿˣ
ӵڲȫ֧ţ಻⿪Ӿֻˤڵϡ
಻ϣһֻ߿б˵ǺʹʹͶˣټһ£ϰ˾Ͳʹ
ʣʲôʱϰߣ
ࣺһ°ɡʣꡣ
ӾˣѧİɣҺۣ
˵ͽаɣƺҲû˴㡣ӷ˶˵ҪϰԱмͶҪãԼҲԶԶ㿪Ϊˡ
䣬һƵܹһѱסӣӲȳ

28 ϵ

ԹŴȷޡ
þܲӵĲҽ, ԼŪ, Сʱ׽Ū, ϲĽ;㤵С顣
Сʱ軵, ˱ɸ, һͯ㴿Ƥ̫ܺˡ
ſҪˮȣԹ̫ġ
еֻʣһԲ׶ε, ָ˵ϰ֮, ÿ˶ģá
˵ʮˣѳɣСʱҪԴ, Ҫķӽ
Ұ, ûʩ, , Ҳˡһ棬Ѱ治һ˵ǿյģϸϸһмиСǱϸСĿĹͱ˽ȥ, ͷ˳
̾ϳԶ̫, ǼֻгѺӣҵʱŮǩͱ, óԶ³Ѳ, Ǽ涼Ź˵ҵ滹óԣ֭Ѯҵĺá˱ɬģû˶԰ɣһˣΪҪͳ
úȵӶһЩΡ
Щݣðӣش𣬡ŶΪ沢üģھӰغּҵģпŰĹһÿĹӣ᲻óԣѲڱʱó߼ۣһһʱ󣬼۸ߵáǼӷΪдҶȥּġ
غ֮һѧصǿţٵ£ٵ˲֪š֡
ֵŮҽǮ޽ŮˣϳͬΪٵŮQҪϻǮ
õĸĸײ飬ֲμֶͬھӵĻһ·üֳֺȣٴεţӲǰ·Ҫȥˣ׳԰׺ȡ
ƾ£ֵ׹жţʣʵȻ棬Ϊλͱȥмͱ͵ֳԣܾ÷ţˡ
˵Ϊǰռֳ֣һóԵ棬ҵͲֵǮѽ
̾ΪֹϲΪǼ壬ʲô˶С
ʵ˵ӴˣʲôСĿǰϵĵϣ˵˼ǡ񡱣δ̫̱ˡ
̾̾ĺóԣеȡůĶڣ׸ϻ𣬳һڴ̫ˡ
һ棬ǺЦǿԣž˾Ͳóˡ
æ۵ȣûճ棬ͲĿá
ʱʤƤѩ׵ι
ӺȻͽסĸڿָ֡¼
Ǵ۽ˣȵ֪ô˯һҹղֿŮ֮ӴӲﱧֿøιԡ
Ե棬ʵԵǹ
ӹϵܲһ㣬ǣû֤ݡϾһԴСǺѣһԼ̫ˣᡣ
ʱ˵ܲٲܲٵͷ˵ھӰغá
˵ˣ˫Ŀ⣬ҪۿһϵλߡѧãҲŵļƷ
ӶұȻʹҪϤָʹŮһһͻɽͼͻ۾ǿյģ͸۾͵
Ӳ档
ʱѾȥſڰӭӵãλԼףŮ˲͵ģȻһ̿档
ֿԼҵ棬ĭȪӿⶫ̫Լƽն᲻óԡ
:ҽйͰ
ϵļҷӣݳޣܷƽʱӲ˹صˮÿңܷ˶׼õĳʳдӲƽϽǮ
òй¶඼ұܷͷ˵գĸΪء
ԶٺõѰ
ѽ֪գұضһ̾ϢһԼҵ棬û˵£ȳһ
һأ԰ײԡ
ھӣĵԸ񣬾ԲšұضĹ
ǳ֮һʦжģֻܱʦԹһԣ档
ֳ棬˵ͷ·غסڸڣ£Ҫ֪һضŰݷá
ָЦһڼұƣһͽǡ
ӶŰݷãֻҪ׼ˮдˣ᲻Ǯ
Ȼһ㶼ݷóԭΪʡǮ
ЦЦ˵ơ
˵£˾ҼˣҪΪ
Ƶʡʡʡŷ
ʡǻʵ۵ţȻۡʡگʡأʵʩ൱ڵĹ/Ժ
˾Ǵ˴Ԫ˧򵽾ǣɱα˾ȫңȨգԼ쵼ӡ
ʿ£һݷõľϣѡ֣Ϊ͵Ҳλϣʿ
ҪֵĹ/Ժ
˵ϲغ
һӣ˾ڶɵǶʿ岻ҪͽȥСţȥӭĴѼӵĲᰡ̾мѣΪϵ˵ʶӢۡ
æ˵ˣȥ͡Ҿǹģôһˡ
ş̧֣̌϶ҪŽһ£³Ķ֮ƣֻܽʹΪ֧ҵֻΪѣͬˣ³Ϊ١
һۣһ㶼ǿȨգзٺ»ͦԸ⵱ġ
ֶãǿ㳤ģһ㡣ȥѡˣѡ˾ףҶ۹⣬Σǻ֧Ӧûеٴηϵʵةˣһٴζ
ǫغޣҵ
һ֣ĪҪǰװСʱӹǽȥҼ͵桪
õ޴¡Ҳ͵ʮΰɣͲ˵͵ıȻǮĺóʮʲô취ֻܷǽ͵ˡ
ֲţھӣһ۱һֻۣǼƽϣҲû³ȥʾҲ֪Ȼ࣬øȥ̨ҵ񡣡
òôͳˣϽƴǣѧǳÿ컹Ҫ顪
ˡִϵҸ˴鷳͵øҵҰ£Źƽ˵ˣһ磬ȥ̨ҡ
ֲ÷ԣȥʱ˳һֻԼҵĿ档
һأõ˾׬ˡ
Ҫȥ̨ˣǿҷԣ㲻ߣһҪѹˣء
ʾĽÿð㲻ȥȥ
ܷ˵Ǻ޳ȥֵѧͽ˵㲻ҪŵıԻˣֻͣһ˻ţǱ°ѧѧ˼ҡ
ĵǧ꣬ⶫľãﲻѧѽŲܷ˵棬˼˵ڡ
˵ȥûҷҿ󣬾ͰҲáԳ͢ٺ»ǿԼôţ᲻á
Ӷеֻвܷ˵Ц
ϣܷҪŮԷһŴӺ໹˯һӡ
ȥԼңŮȼѬҪѬӣֹˣеÿѬ¡
ҹ£ڴϣĴȴմһ˵㣬ӵζ᲻ѬΪѬ֮ζʧˡ
ùűӣһڡ

29 ˣ˫

ʮյ, ļĹٺһݹֵ̨
ͨһ㽲, ǡС, ûбƣûйҲ, ûиֲȫʣǸʱǸ͵ְҵ
С, Ǹʱͯ
ֵĶ˽Ǯʱ˵ʶû, ð˳ҪΪʱǮ
ȴ⿴ȥ̨ʱǿŮδϱǹ, Ҫ󳤵ĺÿʿ壬вŻ㡣
ǰö, ͲŻһǸͯ, ϵ, ˭֪᲻Ȼӣ
¼һӹˡȻӶǸʲôᴿ⡣, ʵѾּ˺ˣ᲻
, Σʶ, õи, ߵı׼Ҫá
δŮӲ㹻ڣȢգİѶӽΪһ÷ȥ̨´ϵ
𴲣ԶָͷҹѾˣźͥԺϰŮˣǸкҪڷܲǡ
øȰϽЩͷӹ˯ɡ
ĺףǹ֮Ů˼ȣ˵ǰô˯㷿䣿ƽЩ˽֮ﶼġ
õգû˯ҵķ䵱ˡ
ʵ:գҲû㰡
˵ֲСӣҪʲô
ʮգöԴԼ˫ر׼ɼӡ
ʮѶӵŮʱ̸ϴԣҪӶӺãЧϵģжǲ֪İӡ
δŮ⣬һڿڷϣͬĵӱסеþƮȻɡ
ݵĶӾƯҼ޸ˡ
аޣһŮɵĽ
Ͷȥ̨ͯĥŽͲףڿ˼ӰԵĲˣҪǹϲá
˼Уܼ˵ӽϽҵʹ顣
һԵ͵ļޣûɶ飬ۿϣκ۲ܲ١
ȲܲٵҰģղ͵תļƻ˰ݱӣһҪԭ򣬾ǲΪϵڸҪһӰ
ʱѻŮżǳҪĳ롣
ȻʺϷ˳ᢣѳֳʮ꣬϶нǸŮˣûӣ̫ӣ̫ӳҪȨϷŻĽ赶ɱ֮ƣƵ÷ңɱ̫ӣα˾ץסѱһ¡
ûݵӣŮӺ󣬺ļУһֱΪֹ
Һãáڣͯɷ֣Ѷӵӣֳ硣
硰ˡã㣬Ͳ˯ˣ̺ɷַ˯ǧѡΪɷ檣һסƯʶͨĻᵯŮϣ
ɽţķ䡣
ʮӣΪĸλ̩ɽڼҲ
ϼҼ棬ΪıȥϽҵͷһҸ϶ɣǸյطþҳӣҲǣҶӻصʵǴźط־ӵ⣬ûؽҵһȥ˽ҵüʱӹǣҪѡñ޳ĪûϷˡ
᲻ñӰʹźӸϽؽҵ
չһȻϣǴߴĸؼҡ
صңױ̨ǰóǦۣͿĨ촽Ҳ˷ۣһ԰ײѪɫӡ
бůѬϣ޷ɣʹ
ʹݼĸʣȾ˷纮岻ʣ˵϶ůү廹ðɣ
ʹ˵϶ʪ䣬ү˷ᣬڵӴŲүܺá
ʣɣɺɵΣ
ˡΪĸҪǵļҽ̡
ʹ˵үӸλСɾͣ˹ΡҪѧ˵ϻ˽⵱طףҪȥĴʶٻؼҡ
ʣﻹЩʲô
һ⣬ʹսս˵լūʱﻹŷ˺ЩؼңЩӹˡ
˵ҵĻŽүү˵żз纮岻ʣͷѩصģ·УΨӡȵůҵҲָˣʹ̻ؽҵ
һֵ⣬˴죬һ˵ǣ̨ʱδ;кҪҪչ˶ӵȵɡ
ȢӹþͲܻؼҡ
үżŻţҾͲˣϽҵļ͵ҵȥڰ֣ҷˡ
ڼţҶɣʹûð취ֻżؽҵ
ʹһߣжױԸŮź˵Ҫ롣ֻˣαƽʱɡ
ӿζ嵭ǵĹźǸġϰգķαز١
ȻӺԵúܿġ
˳ԱϢҪӿ۷ˣۣӾԼĹͷһı飬衣
಻ãһۣþͺԭͣʯĳӵĲҽС
ʶĳȥҼ沴ȥˣŮС
̨ͯ޷ȡĥӡ
ݵģֱӵĴϣߦƵİ
ɤӶ캰ˣֻ뷨Ծȡ
ͣӿʼתĿ꣬벻ȥ͵ּҵĹӳԣ
Ȥ֪Ǽұڣ
໹ּҵ档
ֻҪʲôСӴǽǣһݣΧǽϣ˳ǽͷ
ּҵͥԺȫǸֹ԰ǲ˵أпгԵĶѩأ㣬һڱѩۡ
һĶӵ֦ͷϣͷһ˪ŪоҵĶӶȱ˼ҵҪһЩһЩ
ȥͺܺóԵӡ
ʱӴǽһͣ͵Ķ˰һ䵶䵶˿ȦһԲȦԲȦǸõ
Ӽָʹֵ
쵽£䵶֦ѾϣӾˡ
һβҪ͵̫࣬͹ˣһһ˿ֵֻᷢġ
ʵΪʲôң
˵Ҹ첲ûòͣƽʱðæ͵ӡⶫҲġ
ûԵȱһڹ
ٴθ̾벻áһףİ񣬾˫һɹƭ͵ޡ񡱲
ԴʶӣͿʼʶá
ڶ侭ãܿ͵ӣڻ¯ǰˣڼһ㲻ɬ
̣ѵʱ˼ºˣʼѧһֻۣһֻۡ
/ˣÿ綼͵ȥ͵ھӼҵĶӡ
ܿ죬¶ʮСꡣ
ֵʬ׳ɾѪҲϴˣС꣬ҼһҪʼ׼ÿʢĽա꣬ؽ̷ֵ׷׿Ӫҵ
**ǰʾ˵Ļ̶̶ָʮͻָĻͷֲͭɰսҴδ
ΣҪٴʹ඼ȥ
˹͢˽ӻعҲǣлλЩӵչˡ
ôС꿪ʼʽͲˣΪһ䡰ġܽìʱ¡
ڼ佲һЩļҳ𷣺ӣһжȹ꣬ʮԪ˵
ʱ˺ͣСǻؼҵʱ
Ըˬϲͬɴ࣬ԺҼҿ
С죬ŷӡż٣ǰõٺ»ûؼҹꡣ
̨ҲˡõнˮԼǮͯûһԵ̬ȣȥϰ칤ʡ
óһС̣ǼϵӶģһһٰʮŸÿ춼ȥһ顣Ǵ³ʼÿֹһʮ
ӽӵĶӣûϵÿؼҶ
ֲỤ̄ҼһʮǮʮǰ˰ٸǮ
ÿµٺ»һᣬһǧǮ۵˰ǮʣǮ
ִӳóǮһһٸǮµнˮûؼҺúùꡣ
ŰϵǮͷ涼˵ˣҲûʲôТģǮԼպá
ѽô˼ءһ˵һ߰Ǯ˳롣
Ą̊́ĵһ£׸ɡ
û취ȷް

30 ﻹ

ӻع, æŹ, ڹͺͺ֦ϲž, ϲԺյա
һΣӳ֮, й˽ͣеĻƣȻ
һα˾׵ǻ˵ۺʱ, ӿɲ㰮ʲ
һжǰ׳ոعλ, ȻȻǸܣܱŮϡ
һžۣӶ, ѵøһЦ
Ӵ֪Ѿ˺ĸΪ˺ڹӶĸ֮, ĸ׹ڼ˯һҹ
ĸġ
, ӺͺӶ֮仹ܱϽ顣
ϯ˵Ļ
Ӷ˵Ѿ, Ұ͵͵ӵˡ
Ӷ֮󣬼סڹ, ùһ, ȹطĻʹˡ
, ֻһʧ, 䲻ĿǰִĴ˾˾ףԼ֧߳ɳ˾V͸ʾȫͨ
һӶװ߸ͨһϢй¶ȥ롣
᲻Ǳ˲ڽԲ԰ôüұܷͷʮﵽ׷ʲô飿
Ӷʹ˸ɫڸϯ
ᣬȥƫӣѯˣ̾˾״Ȩգɵժȥˣة⣬ʵǸְʵȨ
Ծס԰ɴ԰׸ұ㰲ȥϣԶ߸߷ɣ;бӶǿнסˣҪȥ
ı뺷Ͳ֪ģʣԼʲô㣿
˵Ҳ뿪ţܴ󣬹ǸúܳĬĻڹȥл
׷ʱҪڣûжԴ֡ݺ壬Ƕӻǲġ
üǸҾ½©һ֪ڣ㹫Ҳסᡣ
޿κΣӶִˣֻһһ
ӻصϯ䣬װӣʺӶ㣬㲻ᣬ˵Žܵһʸλ̺𣿼Ȼô԰ԶԶĴߣ۲Ĳ
Ӷҡͷǲ˵͵ȥǵģǲûģǸ׸͵˵ϵһƬ֮أˮͰֵߣ˳ԴףûʳȲֻ裬ţǺ⻹в裿Բͨ˵ߴߴģȥزģȥ۵Ӹ⣬һ
ޣһڣģ˵ֲĻ򡪡Խгɼӷ˺þǴӽϻģ˵Ժʳϰߵȷԭ󣬵Ǿç֮ءǶĵ̣еʿ½½ԭ
ԭ᲻ȥϲΪŶˣǶԽδ֪֮س˿־塣
Ӷʶ̣ǸɶĺͿǰǰԽϳ˸ٹ̵ĵƫȰ
Ӷ۾ģҲ㳳ܡӷ˺ǶһģȻ˵ϺðҿȻôãΪʲôӷ׷صǻԣãСǧҪԻˣǲûءϲҡ
ӾбҪúӶʵƳ˺ĸ׵ƫˣ̹״ӿʵڼһҹȫҵҰˣûиĸȥĸΪ˲Ӱǽ֮ĸ飬ͽʹԼϣǲû㡣
˱׼ֵãһʱᱬ/ը̣ǲصϱȽϰȫ
ӶһЦ㻹ƭңҳԵķԵλࡪԵαԵķֻ࣬ĵ˵ƭң㲻Ҫĸ󱳺ڹˣҲס
ֵҵȷᣬҲϲܸ롣ǣҲȷҸʣڽܭҲΪŮΡܲѧЩ֮ˣһ󣬾㿷֮ɣ˶ԹᣬñʱҲض֡㲻ҪȰˣȰŶ
Ӷ˵ˣֻܱ졣
꣬ûʲôͬ׳ջʵۺͻʺֻԵĻȨٹٺھ˵ĳݣûȨһϰˣӹĻ
ûʵȨĿܵۺ󲢷ǴеĹôңǧִᣬȻһЩҴڻҡЩҲûʵȨȻĶҲܵڵӵĤݺ͹
˾Ǵ˴Ԫ˧Χʮϻ˷أֻгɳ˾Vһֱƨ׳Ƴǿǡ
ɳǻʵ˾ԵܣѪͳ˾壬ҪɳֻҳԱֲ֧ܳƿس糤ɳҪΪԼ¡
Ϊ˱֤ϳ׳ջʵۣҪֳλϵ۵۶ӣиϽְֽ̰׳ջʵ۰Ϊ˾Ӿʹͻʵ۲ӵеľʾͻʵƽƽٻᣨƽͷʵ۶У͸ӣͱʾʵɱᣬд󳼣ɱ˭ɱ˭׷𣩣Щڳϵķ͡
ٸһ㣬ֱӴλʵˡ
֧ܳңн죡
ǼӾʷϼӾĴ󳼣ܲ٣˾ѣ˾׵ȵȣǺպĴǵ۹ʵȨˣЩǰΪ飬ֱҪ̫ˬ
ȨĶõ㣬¶԰׳ջʵ۱ʾģһᾤҵҵϵơ
Щ秵Ĺ׳ջʵһ䶼ۣУ˵ʲô
н͵˼ǣľƺܺúȡ
ã׳ջʵ޵˵á
ڳйĻҳԱ׷׸ͣ˵͵£µܳ
ǣʽбĻһŽĴᣬһʤĴᣡһγǰ󣬼Ĵᣡ
иļӾʽӹٷϿʵĵλҲȷ˰׳ջʵۺ֮ľ֡
׳ջʵ۶ҪܵģֻһϵļֻҪʵʵĵ˾úңҪλ˼С
ҵҵ£ԵۺһҲʮأõȨҲҶ֪׳ջʵֻǰ裬ǵ۹ס
ˣһҹһ͵ĴڣҲЩһˡ
ܿ쵽ʮ壬Ԫڡ
Ԫڣ仨ƣҹߣҲȡгΪҹǣƻͨճҹ񻶣ӭ굽һȥ
մͳԪڵĵһյƣҪɻʵֵȼΪ˱ʾʼ֣ͬۺҪһֵͭ¥
Ӹŵۺһ¥Լ仨ƣ浽ģûȸʵƣʹӺˡ
¥ڵĲúһУȴʵ۵ơ
ǻʵ۲ϵ㰲źõƣҪһյӵơ
ҶˣҾҪӵƣʵСƢʱкͼһԪڣڻʵߡΨһܹȰʵ۵ģǻʺݡ
۳Ҫļʱˡ
ݴָ߳ƣ˵ϣ䣬Ҫϵȼͷĵȡůϲ뿴ܶԲԣ
׳ջʵ۱ʺŵȼƣ¥ߴ¥ȼһյյƣɵҹգǵƵźš
ͬʱеĵƶˣջʽʼ
ֻûжվ¥Żڼݵһֵ̣ʯȹ¡
ѪͳС뿪ȥؾͷδݣ֮һЩʽ϶һӣʺò
Ȼۻʺգǣ˫ϵǸˣáǡݣˣػʺǸɫڵ˰ˡ
ǽݴ߳Ҳֻĸò֡ǡ
Ԫеĵƹ⣬ɡ
ŮˣֵΪǡ

31 һ󣬴Ӵ·

ۺ¥Լʱ, Եͬ, ڼһֱڵĹʺ, һ䲻䣬һ׼µĵ
Ӻ, ˾׳ȵĿ⼸Ҫճһ
ʱܿȥۺҪݻعˣжݵʱ⣬ôϣһ̳һЩ, һЩ
ʱ䲻ˣֻŵۺţ, ǸŮҪȥˡ
ɿ, Ԫ˶ӣԻ͵ۺع
ô˾, , ȻԸ⵱ӵĻֱδš
Դ, ʯȹ¶һö
ţԱߣϻݣʵһĶ
ԪҪָּʽ, Ҫ¥֣ͬ׳ջʵȫʵ۵Ĺ, ޳, ʱۼ, ݵϣ˯
·ϵ˯ȣعҪѻʵۣʵСƢһ;ѣ൱
£óһƤڳһӣϣɡ
һɾͷţһĺһСӣʵ۴ŹǷڳ
Ƥˣ
Ϊ˷ݰȹӵһõ䣬Ų˫ƤճƵģļͷϥǵȲλʵȥôͷ󺹣ȫ
ݼˣ͹ˮװ߿գûʵ
ʵЦͯߵã˭ģ
Ц͵һͣЦ绨ӷ˽̵ģǴֹʱһ򡣡
ʵ׽̵ġ
ʵЦͯڹƵûţеû¾ټӷ˽档
룬ЩҾǫ́˵ֵôżǰǸ̵ޣһҵϥվѧգ۾ͳ;ǳ죬⺢ԽԽÿˣҼö๬Ů͵͵еʱķɡӷòƽƽĶȴˡ
ò̫ˣĸ֮ɫʵҲֻǻʵۺӳϦദı׼̫ߣһ˭òƽƽ
һ󣬴Ӵ·ˡ
˵ģ⣬Щң»ʵϿһ֮鷳ˡ
̫Ӻճ֮գɥ֮ʱ
æ͵Ǽ壬۲ѧòǳ͵ġȥϾӵݷˣ·ϵһݣ۾ˣ޵֮УĿ޲񡯡
ӴԺͳһĿõòڣǼԨԴʲôϡ£ϿɲҪˣᱻȡЦûмʶġ
׳ջʵһеЦҼˣĿϵȷϴ˾䡣ͯҴˣҲ˵ˣɡ
ţͷĵۺ̸ֻżƤײᣬеۺЦ
ģȻʼһ׳աɵˣȴӵŮˣ
ʺֵøõˡҡ
ͬʱڲ¥ϣֻͭǰеĵۺ󳵼ݷŴޣӲˣ
͵ۺعص˾Ԫڣʮ꣬׳꣬ͶȨĿͳഺڶŮ˵Ŀ
ĿǰȨ͵λﵽ˶塣νů˼ɶ޴ŵİʮçײ꣬ʼŮˡ
ĸӣ檳Ⱥи輧輧ˣȤȱȱʼջ⣬Ŵ˾Ů˶ӹ֬׷ۣòƽƽ
û˼ûθڣζЩŮ˶ʳ֮ζ
꣬;ϯûҹ񻶣ɴȥߡ
ʹ㣬ٴͭ¥ȥʺͣʱﻹϢڡ
˼ţͻȻһֻϮ
д̿ͣ
ߵİ˹ȥΪܣ˾סһ
˾ųһ亹żʸķȥиźɫū乭Ҫһ
ץ̿ͣ
˾ָū˴ȵ
ߵİΧסˣ书ߣ齣ͻΧʧĽС
׷
Ҫ˾׹˲ط˹ʵˣڰĻ»ص˾
ʱݵһʱ֮ǰ
׼ź͡
һóϣ̫խÿ
羫Ĵӣȥ棬ס
òϣȥҪЩÿȴã©磬ҹﺮ䣬纮鷳ˡ
գ㼸Ӵƾ˯ˣᣬ浽⡣
˼ҶҪЩ׼ͷҹ練֮ͲöӲؼҡ
˵ɵģ컹Ҫȥ̨£°ҹͻؼˣĸ׼ǵøš
Ӧ£̫ҲɶʱϲСӴ
Լһֵ˾סأϱٻСԵ̵ֱͷȥ򣬳вΪһн֡
׼ʱӺ磬ѾԹһ֣ˡ
ӿһӲһΡͷ̵塣
ȡЦ㶼ˣ
˵ǸҸģʵ棬϶ϲ
ԳĬһҪ׳ոҲǲסͦТ˳ģʲôŸĸ
Ӻ̷̷ۣǮֱӿ룬һ̷ϣҽ۶ߣⱾⲻ
ʱҵװʶӣָһۡʮǮ
̷п࣬òͣתߣƾ̷󺰣λ͹٣ټӵǮʲôĶ̸ô󣬲ǮԲԣ
ͷءֲǵһӸֿ۵顣
̷ֻ÷˵һǮ߰ɣ˵ǰ棬ԼᣬһҪ⡣
ﳵ޷ͨУѶᵽֿڣٹһߡ
˵վڴ˵أҪ߶ȥһ
ģأ˿̧ߡ
˵ͳ̧С
Ӹ˵Ѿͺóڽֿڵˡ
˻Ĭ̾ΪֹǰȺＷһ·˵͵ֿڣ۷䡪Ҫ͵мңһִߣģϳ˳Ӵʹˣ
Ӽ죬Ȼǵһθߡ
̧̫࣬ߵأһϤӰǰ
ǽӶƽյĴ磬ҲҹУ߽һ˸Ůˡ
Ů˻ŴŨױϵǦ۾ͿǽƵģûԴЩͿһѪڡ
Ӷһ·ߣһ·Ů˸ţΪ˵سܽŮֻܰѴСϣҲźüԶԶȥһŹĴ
ʱšЩͷˣ¶޿ı飬˵С㣬ˣ᲻ˣҺۣҪҸطЪһЪ
Ů˲Ĵ׳ҲǷơ
ӷǳϤ̽Ů˴ŨױĨбϳ
ǰᣡ
ǰСӼŮΡ
ʶӣӴ˾빬͢ɴ˽ʶ˺ӶͻҳԱϤδ׳Ůˣ¶ɻ˾
Ӷɿǣǡҵ裬ҳġ棬ˣȥǼ¥һ
ǰ裡
ðɣҪûдƣ΢ЦĿͺӶ
ӶոսݣӿһʿѲ̿ͣرţ˶Ŷӣ

32 

ٲΪһ, ÿﶫĸ, ÿŶ, ĸһرգûܹܳȥ
׽ô̿͵׷˵Ĵ̿·, ˺ﳤرĸţ׽
˭֪û̵סֻٰķˡ
úĬ, ȻȥһֿڽӴͻȻһȺ, Χ½ֿ, ·ϲ˵Ŷˡ
, ǶǴ˾, ѹš
ӻͷȰŪùȥ, ǫ́ƣҪͨһ¡
òûеԼĳĺÿ̨Ҳ, ̬Ȼ˲٣Ҫ˳ÿһ˵, ӿȽȥ, ˺ͻȴߡǹҪѵ°ҹչ
һγŲϵ, ǿԼĲ´ͨؽڣ˵˵ĳɾ͸УȥѰӡ
Ѿȴĳһ·Ѱȥһֱҵ̯λǰӰӡ
ֲõԤУʱһƿ֮ĳְñܵĲܹȴһѥϡ
̧ͷһվڶ¥¥Ĵ̨棬˸Ķ֡
ͶҲǼ׼
ͣȥ˲¥ſھͿĴһ¥õǽߣⶫ̫󣬲ð¥ݡ
ÿ첽϶¥䣬Ӵ򿪰ţ֡
þ֣ڵĲȥ棬Լʲô
߽䣬Ӵ֣ͦĸˣ࣬ӶԼһŨױĨŮˡ
ֱŮ˺Ƕڲ¥йأʣ˭
ĽܣǺӶ衣
ʵܲˣϵĺƤΧ¶ִĺᣬ˵Ҳʲô
裬ǰ򣡡
ӺͺӶͬʱͷֱҲ̶á
õı൱ʣǹԴʶӣǿϰ飬൱ḻˡ
֣̼
ҡһ䣬ΪͨᣬͽʮǮ
ȻдԲ
ᱧŲཹһ£ңûУɱʲôԩͷծŵǳɶ˾ӱүй游ɱۺλıɱȫڡ
һֱṳ̂벽ʺӶҵһγţӣ
˿źӶ
ӶͷǵģһֱܹԣڼèһҼڼƵûţԪϣòϸͳ˻͸͸һֱŰ
ӶָָǽһѴССİⶼһ·ģæᶫʱɱ˵ˣǵèܴɱ˭Ҷ򲻹
ᾭӶǽ֪
ӶףЩ൱ˡ
˵䲻ᶯ֣ͷؿͨ˵ϵóµľһ
Աߣùҡҷһܹɻؾ͹ҲνȫҶˣһš
ž
Ӷһȹȥұ죡ûУҲ
ӸϽѽȥˣˣҲĴô⣬Ҫ侲
ӶŭĴҵĿ
룬ʲô㳯ҷ
˵һ취ǲ˸ҿĶǿյģԲؽһˡѾ̨ƣҲҷ̨Ķ
Ǹķӡ
Ҳÿԣ˵࣬Ӧװȥ
¥ҪϵĻֹˡ
õָͷ̵壬ͷе״Ѫ㡣
ĬĺˣӶȴܲ˴̼еѪ
߶¶ˡ
һ˴һūߣ˴˸档
ᶼξȽ򶨣ΣձܵĺˣֻкӶӦ̫ԭأľ
˳˻һסӶĲϣλҹϵӣԼλ
˺ԶԻҹкϤֻǲʶŨױĨŮװᣬҪＸλҪӶæ뼸λǰ·׼һƥȫ£Ȼ˺Ӷ
ӶŵǸϽ˵ȥ
ŭҪǸҶɱ㣡
˵ٳٳңұСᣬ׿ƣҽ㰫ְֵĸ첲§ǲǣ
ҽһʮһƥϣʹƥѹ壬ҲӰܵٶȣҾͲһˣһ˳ܵġ
ӶŴȻʺϷĺںͰԴģʵֻ̫֣ǱȽԲһЩİСֶ̣Եֶѡ
ӶˣֱøøмӻǸӡ
˺ӵȤú˵У
˭˭裬һ۷ú඼ȥðա
˵Ȼ֪ӣӦҵļֵٳҡ
һ˵һ߽ӵ֣ȺӶУܹȥ㡣
Ҳ˵ҲʶңӶ
һһҼӣ뻻Ҳܹ
˵ʦ꣬ҲЮǣڳȥ˵ȥ򡪡
еĽһҪ﹫ˡ
зӰسŵ˺ӶһֱֳĬὫһȲͷȻʹڰϴɾˡ
Ȼ·ϵķȵΣͲһӣɢҵͷɷ١
Ǹˡ
ǸǵͨʮǮᡣǶٶĴСֵ˲֪
һʱЩԣҪʲôʱԳԭΣȲ˺ӶҪԼȥ
Ҳ̫ɵ˰ɣ
˲֪ν֮ʱ͵ܣӵϣϵǵ̯һū߿ϣһ·ӴܣҳײѼ·˵Χס

ūߵĴ̿ͣ
ִ̿ͣ
һӣһϵС̯׷һٶಽŰѡ̿͡Ʒ
ҿߣǴһһϲʮǮͨᣡַˣ
¥׷̿͡ϾסŻسŵ̷˺ӶȾܣӽסδĺӶ
ֽػλøܡ
̿͡ڱܻҪѺȥʱٴƣ˵
̨ͨ˾ģлλͨᲶ鰸ڸλѺ͵̲Σҽȷ̸λͣǾŸƽʮǮ

33 õ죬ƭ˵Ĺ

˭ûϵɶȻΧκԵļı
ܵץ, , ·˵ġж˲һˡ
ᱻ游㱳ãҲֹһ, ĸĸֵܽõȵ, ˾ǺšǼ鳼ıλҳӵȵ, ԣǵݺܼ򵥡ˡ
ðɣ游赶ɱ˼ƻȷɥĲ, , Ӧá޹, Լñ˵, ȴΪűɶ˾ӱ
ڽ԰Ϣ, Ǳʵɶ, ĴԼĻ, ˼, ü˵йء
ĸǵ˵ڵ˼ΡǷûˡ
ûΥ游, ûʲô, úѾگȱ, ʹɱ˵ۺ, һᱻɶڡ
ڽ԰˵ӻʬ, Ѿһȥ
˵͵ϣԶ߸߷ɣûдӦҲû˵ȥ˵֮أˮͰֵߣɡ
û뵽Ӷ·أȥ
ӶŴվˣȴİȫ
оЩů˾ȻҲΨһںˡ
ǰʱ򣬺ӶҲǾһԹż
֮󣬺ӶûдûŹ͸͸
鲻ҡ
еܵҵůӶЮ֣뷴ǸҸɴѴɱϣúӶ
ᱧͷӶ뷨þỹһ¡
ᱻ͵ͨϴɱһ˾㹻һٻˡ
ǣᱻ͵̨̲̲ϽһЩֶΣӦÿԱ᲻
ץסʮǮͽŪԼĵ̡
ʮǮͽ𣬾Ÿ˷֣һһǮ൱һľã
ˡ
ͨҲȷ̨ġ
ϷŸˣסᣬѺ̲
ǾŸԸ⣬ͬⰡûͽã
һסŵſڣ׼ͨ˵˴ɱ׽ô̿ͣǰѴ̿͵̲ͣʲô֮ŭǿɵ𡣡
ʱӺͺӶı»ص˲¥¥͸ñ裬Ӷżˣ⣬Ҫˣˡ
˵Īţһа취üܡ
õڶףװ棬ɹƭ͵ҲͨҲͷģǷҪץһɱȥȳ
ô˵ȴɻءܹͲҪˡ
ȻְƳһ˵λȻûΧµʱ򶼳ˣ̨øλæλʿһͽ𡣡
úĿֿ϶ӦģʱҪʹֶΣȹһ˵
ŵЩģʣжͽ𣿡
һʮŸˣ˵˾Ÿ˻᲻ƽ˵ʮŸ˲С
ſں˵ȻһǮҲ̫٣⣬в׽Χµ˶ܵõÿ¾ҲȻˮǴߣЩ̨ͣġ
õ죬ƭ˵Ĺ
ǴԲѣ̨һͯʱϰֿûˣһǮûõأ͸Ҹǻˡ
õƺͳʵ̫ܺˣǻཻɫ
óȴı棬ɱﲢһλΪΪǣ˹֮
һ룬ôᶼᱻ˭ﶼһ̨Ļǻͽ𣬻١
Ǻ˸ãѺ⵽̨Ĵ
¥ϣӶȻ磬ųڣѡô죿Ѿ󸸻ּ룬ȥ󸸻ǰìˡ
⣿ҡͷܵģû´ɱпܱ䵽߹سڳдȨŹ̿ͣǲģӡ
Ӷ֮ģÿ϶зӵģ㿴Ѿ߳һˣ˴С۾Ͷ࣬һʮҶ壬ʲôģȻعǵϢڲҪһǾ쵽Ѳͨ½Ҫݽȥġ
Ӷŭôһɣ
ѵ㣬ѵԼ¼޸𣿡
ΪΪǣȻսȨɵȨʵȭ򣬳ΪΨһ¼޺ŵĹΪЦ
Ӷ˵ˡ
ǽĽֵֹȺɳˣһȥӶѶǽССİϣѽĺܳ
ӶϹױᣬһ̾ϢΪˡ
ӺΪӶֵŰͻع
̨̲
װģ¼ʮѺְ񣬡λأϵ֤֮Է󣬸λõͽͽ
Ѻ˸ո뿪þһƤ߽ηͷ̼ϡ
üװǷʵߵ̼Աߣ˵һ̣ҪЩƤ֮࣬ʱ㰴˵ȥʱס
ÿٽļƻһ˦ȥ˭ָʹɱģ˵
ϰģΰһȥƤ̺һ䶯ĺ򾣬˿ڿܿ£ʵδ˵ǡ
ۡ
ⱲӺܹƤ֮ࣿ۵ôʹģֱĻ档
û˭ָʹЩŲ˲ӣȥɱΪұѩޣ
˦һӣǳɶţʲô£ֱһɺԣ
ʮӣƤӲҽһϢãС
˵Ż¼ڹĴĴָպպѪڿڹϡ
ôֽϵıīѪӡԸͷ¸ϵȥ
ͷոȥ֣˾׾ʹϵ̨Ҫˡ
˾ǵ۹ʵȨˣûúܵأɱҪˣ
̿͹̨ţҪд̿͡
ϣŵˣãȥ·ӭӡ
ֻһ˴ӱѩƮѩо顣
Ϥˣŷѩͻʵ۵گ飬ϵӡá
Ǹ갡öˣÿμޡ
Ǹֵʱ
ãŭƽ࣬ӣȻ㣿
񣬡£ҹܾˡѾ˴֤̿ͣʵͨϵᣬԴɱһ¹ϲ䣬ңг˵ġ
һѵкУ̿Ҫɱ
ʹ˸ɫ¹ش󣬻һ˵
ǫ̂һСݣֵֵֵԷ㱻ѹե
õƣĿڹ׸
չһʱŶų亹
ύɶ˾ӱɱţʹѣ̽ȥ˳ɶķѰΪȫұ
ӰֻгɶĻܻ
ɶȥһˡة㣬游
ɶҪЮᣬҪǴɱһǳɶǿȡλá
ܣ˵Ѿˣʬͷǹ֮Ϊ֮ʬ
ҡͷͷϵʬǼٵģֻǴ·ʬ屻ղȵһ̲飬޷ûɶˡ£֤ʱҪɱɶϲ⣬ҪСİ

34 ԽƯˣԽǻƭˡ

ԽƯ, Խǻƭˡ
˫Ŀ峺, ǳϿңһŹ߻ƭ˵֮䡣
گһ£ԼϵִӦ˵Լ֧ߡ
ټϷ֮䰵Խ̥ͻ໳ɽ䱸
ԣá
һȭ򰸼ɶ񣬳ɶΪ, ȻѲ, ұضҪ˼
ȰɶҰģû֤, һ, ֤ȷ䣬һϱ֤, ٹǰҴɶĿ
ָŴη, ֳɵ֤, Ϊβã
ѵǾ˭֪ɶţ֮˶Ϊ˱ҧɶ, û, ᱻɶҧһڡҪ֤ݡ
һ䡰ǡΪ, СʶȴСܵ˵ܼӳɶܹҵ䣬ͱˡ
޵ƣ
£Ҳģͱͱʮߵ¥ˣϵ̯飬㱾ˡ
صشȥᡣᱻáȥһѾͳһˣǿɲ
ıϢҪˡ
˵ǲóɶ֪ỹţɱʬ𼣣ǾҲ֤ˡͶ˵ѾᣬҰߣܹʱһ֤ˣһָ֤ɶ
˵ëԼỹ²ɣɶڵ߿϶Ҳгɶߣ˿鷳ˡɽжԺ￴ӣչţ֪
ãССͣģ
ЦҸڽϽҵܵܶ϶ɽҵֻºͼҴˣҴһ鸾ˣֻլͷ鶼¹ţµȻ
һ룬ðŷѩگ顢СС;̨ܸɣȻܰͨ꿴ҲӦҲƵġ
ң֮˹ͬܣϵȻ׽ˣõԺʿ֧֣ĵλȵ
ͬõĽ飬úøƣǧҪŪˡ
˵¸ղżĻʹûأû뵽ô򡣡
ļ򣬡ĴҲǹıİΣỹͬЩ
õͷҪֱòҪȥͷӣ׸̿Ϳɳ֮ǧ֮ӣãСĲʾ
Щ죬ʵûйֵİãֻǶʺ˲еаԼӹ֬׷᲻Ȥȥͷɢɢĵġ
û뵽ΨһͲɱ֮
Ǻջˮ
˸֡
ҹ̨뿪ʱһѪ˵ͷǴ̿ᣬӵڻ𻯣ңó
͵͵˵ɽüҵıԺɼͺտ
ûµһЩ֣æŻԺʲô⡣
ȻӦˡ
ǺЩƤ֮࣬ȴõõľΣֻʱɡ
˵ڼԪڣѵðѽѲصĴóãûŻơΪ̫ѵ͡
ʹˣϿۻָɴ˯ڱ˯㣬εԺѿˣͭǮ
ָ˼ˣһ˻һҡͭǮ籩һһڵϣû˽ű͵ϥǡ
ôҡϵͭǮҶǲ١
ǿҡǮ
᲻÷֣ҡҡͭǮ񵽲ӣҪסڱ˲ס֡Ҫĵط
Ƿַ֮ԼǮ߲ˣͭǮټ䡣
־úѣҪϢˣǮˡ
䣿̨м䡣ıӣǿнѡ
ԭǻһΣֺʧ䣬ǮҲʵ
ַ˸˵岻ʣȥҲ¶Ҫͷ
˵˵ɱ̿ͱøײˣ̨˹䣬Сִ£֪δãϽȥ
һ̴Ӵϵ̣û
˾鷳ˣٴҡ
˵ûУͷû˵̿;ᣬǸʲôĴᣬǵè˵˭̨ʮǮ׽׽ˣ˵̨ͨ͵̨ȥﲢ
˵û£һ˯Լ飬ҪԼ졣ᱻ͵˾һ˾Ͳ̨¡һֱٵˣһ²һ£ҪܣǾԼСʵɴأŪġ
޻ģɷ򣬡䣬ñϾھӼҵĺӣҸڼ϶ȥ˽ҵǼҾʣĸӶΪϵˣæ⺢Ǹ֮š
ͿõĿҿǸǻ֮šЩˣĪҪƭˣ軵軵ģϵ
䡪ֳ֣ˣʹɱﵣһȥҪóʮǮͽϵҴŪǮȥѵҪԼȵţҲŲ¡
һ˵ҪǮͲˣ˵غˣϲȥ˵
԰գ޴ƣߣΪβ˵֪ˣҲŲ𴲡
Ӷšһ̸ǮŮҪծģ޲ŲʲôھӼҵСء
תסޱ֣㲻ҪҽкòãŮɷΪӲųƺΪ䣬Ϲʲô
ЦҾϲ䣬䣬˯ɡ
˵̨Ϊ˴֮æһҹδ˯ռֵ
ĸײ󣬼һҹδ飬ҲģΪӹĺܿģԪڱǳҹ񻶵ӡ
Ǻ°
һЩ²֮͵̨ò塣
óĸİֲͣ١
أ
˵ﷸ鰸ɱﲢɱҡְ¸ʾ߾ǰգﷸѾȶġ
ֵͷҲãʡ¡Ժ£ƾƣֱҪ˾ͱһٰŲ̄󲻻ѽ̫ᣬ֤ԼʵûҪб£б£û£ٶ飬ҲǸԼڷأԾĹԼĸһЩ㣬Ų𣿡
õͷ˵ͦãְ̻壬Ҳˡ
ðóͨĸʾʮǮмӹٵġ
˵꣬ˢˢǩӡ£ǹǮӹٵٺ»ҲҳϽȥǮסͷͲӿ˿ˡ
ǡ¡
ðֽס
ãкηԸ
ֽ۾ʲôᣬƽƽӶ˵ɱĴ̿ʮһɺ󣬱ʮΧȻɱΧˣ̶̶ʮ죬սٰ㲻𣿡
۾գһ£˵̿͵ȷᣬֻ߲ūߣ֮£ҲȫˡӶݹأҺ͹Դأڱ֮ʱܹûеǱοԪڽ˶࣬ѡ

35 С

õ̬Ǳ׼ӵܷ緶, վıֱ, ˵ʱ΢΢ǰ㣬Եù΢Ȼͦε̬
һոմĴδɣһʹҡڣԣǿķ籩Ҳ޷ۡ
ǿֵ棬߸ɫС, ֱӡ
Ҫ, ûǮֿ뷽跨Ŀ˿õĹʣר޶ھӼСë
ֵֻСܳþõĹ޶ë, ǳմС֮, ֻͣʣһţ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
װְ޼, Ϊ᣿, еĸСʮ, Сʮ꣬ȡ
ͣЩס, ھӼҵС̫ˣ˵һ˵֮ԭ򡣡
͵׻С, ͯ, ұ˿˹ʣвʣװɵšã˺κܶ볯ķ
˵ãǿʵ־ǽͷݣҡûнڲ١еĸڲκնУͬ꣬ʹʧѣɼһȥˡ
һ˫ر֪˶۵ģҲںʦҪɽ֣ҵɽȰɱԹޣΪ٣˵֮䣬ﶬļ棬ʱοأνʵ˵ϲȻɣͬģһңһҲˡ
֪ΪΪִ֮ԼˣҺҵѡ˳ƶΪҴӲԼѡе֣޵ٻʱҾɽ֣ȶҾͳ١ҵĴ֮һʮ꣬ܳ˵Ҿͦá
ǸҷԴĿϻͷڲι˹ָӰòСĿж繷֮Ƶдƽƽˮ׼ǣⲢѧʺͲŻ
µһˣĶ࣬òʵĴ֮ȷʵãʱЭ͹Ϊ˽ĸͲЭ
һݣΣ룬Ұӣְܽˡ
һЩ⣬Ϊ䡰Σ룬Ұӡֱӵղ˵е֣޵ĳǿڡ΢ӡƪȸɶһĻ
ѧƫƵʱӵ˼벢ܵӣܵңʿۼżѧᱻȡЦż
лѧ˵κѧռѧ̸ֶѧ˺ܺˡ
ھСкԽ˽⣬ԽǾȤлѧ
Ǹʦ̵˰׳ջʵۣҲ̵ţܽǸƦͲ͵ҼҹӵĽεСӣΪˡ
˵˵ѧʲ޹ŵ֣̣֮Ҫƫڳ
ѧôʲô㽫ֲõࡣ
Ŀ棬ͿھӲܷ˵Ĵ㡪ôСǰı׼/̵ģֺÿ϶Ҫӹ
ûһܵࡣ
˵ҵǵ࣬е֣޵ҾҪһеİЩʿɽ١
СҰͦ󡣡
˵ʮͱʼʰΪࡣְţʮ껹ֻһְϣ֮ʵ롣
ֹЦóһԿף򿪹ӣóһϻӣִϻϵһѵ
һѵʵ޻ڵһ˵̴֣һݣд
Ϊѵ峤
ǲκصı򯽫˵һɫ顣˵˵ϡƷҪλ֮˲˵Ī
飬ߴɫʵʧĸĸ϶ٰŰʼնԼĸТ˳ϧĸĶ
ŵһ£˵ϴҪȥ㣬·ڱϣжТģԱĵˡ
Ҫ飬׶֪ľƱͺȣ׶ӱֻô򷭾Ʊգ˺ʲôҪǰһڣ类ĵˡ
ȻλۺκǴ鶼ǾصĴ󳼣ԽϳܹЬϳһ󳼶ҪЬÿϳѵ
󣬽˵ͬĸĵܵѵͳΪ峤崫У˵ߣԺռ䡣
ϵ峤ѪԵУǿλͲѧλߵ˲ܼ̳ѵΪ峤Ϊ֮һһ峤
ˣӵм괫еҴˣԴԶǿߣѪԵ¶Լ桢ǱԱ֤κγվȨĶˡ
˫˵ϰ䣬ˣһ˵ơ
ʹϵӣҲⲻ˱ݳǰݲյ³
οǳ峤Ƕͷ˾òܾܾϴֽ֣ɣӵֵӵ
СǸкԽԽȤŵ⽣Ӱеã¶ϲ֮ɫϺˣʵֵĿԻͦġ
յ˫ַ
ûнӣ˵úøһѵ֮ǰҾСʵ룬ѵ͹ˣҲ赹ɡⱾһ֧
һ峤ĵճصĵճõ游ԱõĲ游
õѪͳ϶һ޶
òҪ˵ߣ峤ɣһ񡣡
ζĴСôң
˵ǲңʱδԣеǻ˵αؼһʱ
ִЦ𱦵ǻˣϴ˵Ҽʱֽҡ
룬ֵǵöյֽǮ
鴫󶼲ҪǮ
˵þȥ˺Ӷ֪¡
ӶĲ㣬ʲôˣûҪǰˣҡ
㣡άãûְæͱͷˣң㲻Ҫ̫̰ġ˵ˣƵȥ
᳤ʲôû
Ӷǰòֻգһ£ʲôʱõɣһԣȻΣա
˵ҵׯ԰ˣʮ԰ӣƲˣһ뷨ԵʮȳȻ߸ɶװǳɶ˾ȵġ
Ļ˵ãһŵװף߼ܡ
ӴСͳã㣬ð£ͷİɣ˸ĸǲġֻһΰȳֱӰȥϣʱǧҪȥˡ
Ӷżˣǽ֮أˮͰֵߡ
ǡôϵϷ羰ļ紺ȻԷͬͨģӦϵģԣҸͺϲϣЩֲ˼ˡ
óúÿϣرܹˡ
Ӷˣðɣǰš
ֵ壬оӺ˵˺ûд򶯺Ӷһ仰Ӷŷˡ
֪þȣӶûˣʼˣ˵׽Ҫˡ˵ҲͰˣΪʲô˵һʮô֣
ʣڶٽ
һٶʮӶ߳ŭɴϿͣ˵ˣҷˣء
úӱϳø̾Ƣʸؾͷ
ûжԱȾû˺ھӶǸĹ
ӵǺ㣬Ұ˵ˡ
ʣŮӺں˵𣿡
ӵǵȻˣҪ˵һٶʮҲġ
ȻһҾԭ㣬˭㳤ôÿ
ʣٽ
һãҲ֪ûƹ
ͣȻĻӱ˵ߣΪÿ춼˩ʯһ˩ʯʮҸһһٽ˩ʯ΢һЩžʮӡ

36 ׽

⧲ıе̴ñ, ˫, һɵ˾⣡
ôþȻˣ
ԸβԸѡ
˫ָӳغὫ£˫㴥أ껹Ʈء
õӵ̫ˣӲ㣬һƣٽ
룬֪Ӧøࡣ
ſ첲˹ȥ, ݵĶ㿪, ʲô
ӶвͷҲƳжء
뱧㡣
һ⽨ʿ, , û˩ʯֱңγأֱ֡
ӱ̴ɵĹʧܸա
õع
Ӻʧ, ոձòŮ޴, Ҳع, Ҫȥѧ䡣
ȥ԰εıʮУ
ʮС
ģ
Ӷѡ
óĬˡ
, Ӻ, ڸ, ڱϣװˤ˵Ťˡ
һЦһˤ
˵㰴˵ȥϾԿּҵĴ档
ʱԴӻؼңûԹôóԵˡ
˸ѩλã˸ˤ
Ӻæڣ˵ҽۣŤˣҩһ࣬Լϰ
һ䣬һаģһ֧ɴѰС
ÿȥ߹ȥְֽ
ҵˣ
ѽֻһľ룬ĺ絽ҵĲ飬ÿġ
ڣԳָУһΰġ
ľƣִ࣬򲻵Ҳ𲻵õĽ̫ˣЩӵôġ
һڣŤĽͺˣߡ
˼֣÷ֲԣӻعؼңͬ·ôҺ棿
ָӣû㣬Ҹ
ӰȥüҲԲȲ˯˵Ĺûʣӷˣȥ
࿴ø͵Ҳˡ
ϸ͵ҵĶӣֿһ¹ǮҼҡʮ
ǰܵ˵ѹԤ첻Ǯˡ
һ軨ǰ߿ĺĵ
ӷ˲Ӵǿӣʱֿˣʲô²ֳˡ
йˣȥдˡְǩͱȥˡ
ԸԳԵ棬̰Ĳ㣬ڼҵĶӣͥԺɢʳΪɣһȥ͵
ӣӵߣֻһзҲӣǽͷ
֣ҹôص
׽ߡ
ЩȣǽͷĶϽǽϣϣۻ軨
֣ӹǼȻǼ˺棬ǼͰɣԡ
ץУٲҪǸ
㷲һȥñһˡ
޷ܾȵˣ²Ϊ
ӵͷֲû͵
ƺܶ룬˵ٴδץҲ̫ˡ
ŵǸʣ˭⣿
˵ҡ
˵ֻ˭
ֵҡ
ְ׺һӴͦҾͲˣһ𷣡
ָãҽ㵯٣ǷƷùٸ
˵ľǲļĹˡ
ûȥ١
ֶ˵ҹ˵ѧţķɽ轣ҿǷĽ
ֿӣ˶٣ʣкβգ
ѵӣһ룬ûС
ʱ޶һ̸ոժĶ߽䣬ǧ֮Żȡñ˵ģǼֱͣԣǼҵҫ
ˣԽ
ʱñŹˣӣɡ
ķɽƮ衣
вŻˣʹˣڣ·һֱš
ȻȻߣ¿轣ǼҺܶ궼ûˡ
ǷһһŮزۣŮޣΨһһӱϲɴ̸ܵܣҲҪκһá֮Ϸǣ޹ңǮӣ˼ͣûˡ
ǷλߣʹûãӵΪա
ңڣϰֻб˴ˣͻȻ֪꣬ΪΣϷ޷üҪһᡣ
һɡˣҲڳһսʽ
˵䣬䵯ƿ񡷡ӣϲļĹ٣һֱ࣬䡣
²ȤҲڴŹֵŲһζ
޲ͣĽС䡱궼ܾ棬ŮӽɷΪӽаΪ䡱ҡ䡱ǹ뷿˽²ƺ޾Ȼڽ䣬޽С
һ죬ƿ񡷿ԣԺˣ񲻺ϡ
Ц䰮䣬䡣Ҳ䣬˭䣿˼˵ҰŽ䣬Ҳ䣬˭䣿
Ȼʾ
걻ϷǶĳͷ
ͷֻᣬʿǻ档һʱɢϯ˻ȥǰŮ·ӶõıӰһһ⣬š䡱 Ŀͣ͵͵䡣
಻俴ĳ鴤ʵôˣ
ԣͣõӡ
ӸЦۡǶ̫Եʡ
ӺȻסһӣûãŵݹһͷǺѺ۵ĵطҧţʹС
ࣺʲôԣöҲ̫˰ɣҶûôϸ
һŮııĿ仹Լڱ䡣
һҹ޻
գ󳯻ϣ˾ϱΪɶ˾ӱӾٻȷ͡
Գɶ̽Ӳӡ
ȺĪ˳ӣ׳ջʵֻǩָ£ǳ
Ƿ͵˷أɶԳԼѧǳܾ˾֮Ⱥһģһķ͡
ЩԾ飬ɶҸܾ˾֮Ǻξģûսҵӡ
ȻˣΪλвɱң
׼˵ɶαǹܾԱʾҵõϢɶľģײģ֮ս۵ңֻҪˣѴӳɶõһ߹ľᡣж޳ɶլʺ񡣡
ԣݣսּģ͢ûȥɶʹ˽óʮʳҲ޳ɶǸ
ɶĺģʲôĪҪܾӾıԻ󰡣
һӣɶ񣡡
ʲôȻҴ˾λã
üɶҰģ׼һɱһģԱȨ֮á
õĻһǶԵģɶʲôûţ֧ȣΪ׳ջʵ۵׵ܵܣսֺۣ͹ײĵ⣬ģʱԱɽ
˾λòһ˾ķ
ĲѣԽǣΨƺŮ׵ãԴӼݣݲŮˡ
ڻʹܼġ
ô죿˸⡪˾
˾ͻʹ֮һȦ˾ǿİ̼ȫǨƵؽ
һ£˾ͺͻʹھˡ
ǣȻ㣬˽ʹԷΧǽ˶һţӴ˾Ϳֱͨʹ
ԴԼɢǽСŵʹߴţʹҵĺ԰ˡ
Աߣǻʺݵδ빬

37 ǽ

˾̫Լˡ
Ǩװ޷Ҳ, ˭ٷƶõأ֮顣㲻ܰѱ˼ǽҸ, ֮
ռӹĲܲ١˾ѡ˾׶ûɹȱҺ顣
ӱ¿
ʵԴ̨, ʵĴ˾ˣһȨ˾׸ʲôβĻ£ԿܻҲʮ, Խ֮١
οرգ˾͢, Աٴζ
ʵͨղںʵ˭˾˭ֻҪϰӾˡ
ʿҲ, ʿϰ˿ܻʵۼȨϣһ׶һ޶Ѫͳ, һӺ;ȶң߻ϣպϴպҲܹ
ȨҪλѰ׳ջʵ۸װĻһ, ʿ岻Ը⿴ġ
׳ܹôĻʵۣѪͳ, ܷڣﲻһա˾˾ͿԵġ
ʿڻʹǽǵΪʾǿҲ, Ҫͣ, ޸ڡ
¶, Լİֶϱ, ֹͣǽǵĻƾٶ
ʩƱشͨ˾ͻʹǽڣﵽгͳһңЧ
ûдλ뷨ֻҪݣܹʱǰˢڸУԼøС
ţƾòŻȨƣԼ㹻ãǵһᱻ򶯵ģ
ұȰ׳ջʵǿһٱνӢۣһᰮҵġ
ʹäĿXԵκ˵Ȱ裬һУһ󣬲ǨǽǵȵȾ޴󹤳ȫ깤Ĵ˾ȻʹҪԷΧǽƵһɰţͬʱͨĴ˻ʹʹ˾
ƽʱˣʹĻ԰ɢٲȻѻʹԼĺ԰
һ꣬ʮꡣ
ΪֺݣΪӾٰʢᡣ
ӣݱʾԣţҪǮ˷Ϊӹˡ
ûаԼˣѾӵŮˣ˵˾ҵСȻҪǧˣùӣһж˾ȥš
ֱЦôõŴ˾˽Ǯգš
ݲõֱӾܾ˵ӲʮҪգִ̫٣Ĳÿοʮ꣬Ҫ켰֮񣬵ʱٺúøٰ죬ˡ
ݼ裬˵ٰ켰֮գ֮ʱһѵҵһƬ⣬͸ӵġ
ĥĥ뿪ˡ
˿䣬һͷϡεȵȣʺϸʹãʺĽεŮ
ѾϵȹҲӵĳߴ磬Ӵ̫ˣǱȽʺݡ
Ǻһ𳤴Ŀ˰ݵʯȹ£ĸƨɣʲôƨŭ̫ˣʺҰ˻ȥ
Ҫ˵͸ӵǾ͸͹ȥ˱ǡ
ΣֻʵʺҪ̵ʲôʱԽԽˡ
ԴӴͨǽڣʹ
бѬϺȲ裬ʲôѵǶˣšֵȶҪҪԴΪءȥսʹҲϴʮŰʬɾʵЩʲôأͬˣҲٿͿ̿ùҹɣңʿӦñǻż
Ϊ˵˾ðŷѩϵ֪ʿ塢̨ġһʱɫԣǽɽԶǰ棬һġ
ݴСͿ׷Ŀ⣬ʦ֮ͨ
׻˵δ޴Ӹ޴ӷ򣬵иųܵĸ֮游Ƶʺλϡ
Ǹ׳ɷ򣬸ܱˣԣѧ͡侲ʹ֮
Ҳû취ֻű
ݻǧҪ߻ϣʲô
Ӧ¡
룬ֵҲҪߡ
֪ʣ˭
ʹ˸㶮ġ˵ֵƤˡ
˵Ȼף˵˵ūڲ˷ڴ̡ūԨӼһ𶼲ܴæòɿѾܾûˡ
һģʵūսΣ
˵֪ʺҪȥһ𣿡
æˡ
£͵һԽԽģ˫۾ֱŻҪѸмճɻҽ
˼ܶ˶¶ףЩûһȨգܹ飬ڻʹǽǣѻʹԼҺ԰Ȩ
˵ɫǻ裬ŽɽҪҪˣʱô죿
һֱݵİΣλΪˣΥݵдһţ̵ƹҪתס
ûð취ݺԱֻ֮˺ҧ򹷵ķӣԷһ
˵̵򳵣Խʹʹ˾мĴĵĻصԼլۡ
ԶͿլۡϷһỤ̃ƹ
Żˣæ³˴
¶һѬǵܹߡˮˣ·ھȻӣƲȥʾӡ
һƬ½ǲǨһķոսʹãǨ¾ӣŻˣ
ŭƽ޹Ϊ˭ΣҪͷ
ܼ˵ǡӹ˾ͷ羰԰ԣ˼ֻӣ˵Ҫųԣͷ䣬￾Żˡ
ˣŭתΪӹأ
ܼ˵ްݸˢͩͺᶼȼģʣŵ̺һ࣬ɻӪ֮ƣ·ӡ
û¾ͺáģӦܾˣȥ
˭ұǽﶼܣҲһԷһֱʹࡣ
ͼı֮ģһӷַ뱻Ű
ʱһ꣬Ӷȥʱɱλαۣһߵľճ棬һˡ
ڣԽԽԵۺʮֹҵĴǰЩûдλ֮ģǰìܵΪӺǲ⡣
ӽڴ׷˴˾ֽڿ·Ӹˣ̽
ڰȫţʣô˾ˣҲǰ˵һҺ׼д
װа˵Ҳкȥʹôֻȥʹ׼˾ˣԷΧǽôĵ·ҿҪ°שǵǽǡ
ݣЦ绨ǳܣݵϣƽϣ˵˵ǣǶ˾ҵˣһˣαؾ񣬺αһ¶¸ǽԶһӵءԺ˾ˣ˾еĶˣƾʹòǲ
ǲҪǽ˵Ĺûʡ
ŭͷ޵һ񣬹ȻˬԺᾭ棬ɱ鷳
鷳˵˾ĴԶΪ
˵ҼҴų򿪣ſˣӾͲˣ˾ǿȻʹҿҽһйˣȥЪһЪϴȥİĵط˯š
Ҫ֪ͬڴӦȻˣҪµİѸͼֽóϲסֻһ׮ԺҪСģɱԼйˡշνٽǣҾǵĹİȫʺֻйһŮ£ʺĵġ
ӿûüͷûһ¾ʹӦˣֱϣӣŰ衢ҪıλĴ鳼Ϊǽڶ塢˾֮·˽֪飿
˾ٸȫ¶ΪҪıˣѵ˼
Ӿã̫װˣĻҪıȴװԻλûȤӣȻǲͷƹҸλ
ţһġҪ֮ǰأ
˼롭ȥ

38 ֮࣬˯

һ, һֱ̨ѧϰ, հ, ͵ȥܷͷȻռƻ߸ɶ
ȥӳɶʼûзĺۼǣɶһľӪ, ׹ײĺʳԶ, к֮ͥơ
ԣȻһֱûϢԳɶı֮ҲŲɡųɶթα, ص̫
ĶԲ׳ӣһ, ʮ͵˶ʮ
ţһʮᣬ۳ɶΡܡֻҪر, ǣɶ޿κΡ
ͱ, ֻΪԱĳɶ, άִ˾Եͳελ
˿, ûôˡ
ͱڻʹǽǴ򶴵, 㻹˵㲻ıƹ
˶Ҫƹı, ֻԼôΪ
ڰҸж
û뵽Ѿˡ
ȥɽҵıԺڴ˵סһƬ񺣣ûľʱ쵽£¹üѩˣӱֱ㶵ġ
ĿҶϻлѩХʱѾɱмѩһſӵѩñϣһſ顣

ԽԽѰڻŴӻһѾˣڴŽУԽԽӺͽûбųһ𻨣ӡ
ʮ꣬һʼˣǰǴĪ磬ڿʼᣬʺһŹԲĶ΢΢͹
˳˧ᶼÿ
ӷĿӺ£ôʱὫҸ첲·̹¶Ҽ͸첲Է
õļˣϱ۵żʵаİӺһ
ͣ´ӣʣʲô£
ʲô£Ӽɫ⣬㽫Ժ󣬡ŶҾıƹ
üִҲôһ˽⣬ûдλ˼ĵˣԽԽĳɶ˾ӱ
Դȥǧگ飬Ͱĸһ̨һЩ޹ʹ飬ٲȻһߵӡ
ֺ֮䡰䰮䡱֮Ц֮٣ҲֱԲ䣬ȻҲߵˣһʮʮ٣ֳΪһҡŮ֮
ԽΣһЩشٴ룬ͶʮӹʦԷֹɶЧȥ깥򶼳ݣá
ԣ֪ĸǳɶûдλƹĴ㡪ûС
أãҵ֪
ƶӿʼԼжϣΪʲôǽǴ򶴣ÿ򳵴ǽﴩʹǶԻҲ
ʣԵۺв֮٣
ӼҼǽˣ⻹֤
ʣǽ֮أвưĵط
룬ûУ
˵Ҹĸˣҵ·ӣû
ƿԣü
˺һᣬӲ˵ǡܲκ۲ܲ˵֮࣬˯ھָоҹ˯ܾðҹʿƹλ
ֹͣȵĽˮһ㣬һѩ׵ڿն𣬾һСΧôȦ
˰˾ӳ֣þǻˣһʱˣʲô˼Ӱ
øоӵĿԼҼ͸첲ϣͰ·׽ȥˣڣԼļʵˣֻ¶ᡣ
Һ·롣
˵߽һЩ¯Աů͡
ʵһ·䣬õĻ̫ůˣĿ¯ӡ
˵ϲܲ٣ȥα˾֮Ĺϵܲٿȸ̨ɱ輧ĵʣ˵֮࣬˯ǲܲٵĻ㲻Ҫˣ˾ұǴ˲ܲٺ˵ĻλŽġ
û˾ҵǿıģʡ
ȻκĽɽҲǿ˺ģҲʡ
ܲĵһӺ˾ܲҲĵһκǶʳˡ
һ㶣˵Ǻ⣿ѵΪܲۿϵȡͬܲ٣Ҵð䣿
óĬǰĸײϴ֮£Сʶޣ֪İĸ׵İȥ
õʦУǰ׳ջʵ۵ʦһֱĬĬά׳ѧΪ·ĸ׺ʦĹͬӰ죬ӣңıܣδɹ
һ̨ֻϻؼ˯ԶӵӰԽԽСȫٵİ׳ջʵۣҲˡ
ɳеֵӰ죬ܶ࿴Ѿͬ־γڡҾҽʲôֶͿˡ
ֿɽΪأΪᣬ˭ϲҪŽкκҲν˭ðհҵǿʢҪġ
һǱĬҲƫֵĹ۵㡣
ּͬʿһ¹۵㣬ʿ壬ˮĻʵۺͳ˭ʵۣʲôʿʼ
ûǲ䵱ϵ峤ģʵֵ롣
һǿʿ壬ӦðѼ˺͹ҵһ̫ˡ
ǴǵۺΨһŮȻֻվڵۺһߣάʵĵλֻǵһܡ
Ϊʵֻۣȥôÿȥ
һΣúӵѺۡ
óĬӱѩβ
ľˮĽһȥˡ
÷С޲ӡڳˣСʱദ
˵˼ˡʹҪıλҲڽɶĸ֮ھͶֱƹɶռ˵ƣһģһļ飬ӦڣǰʯͷԼĽšԣһڻʹʱȫ𣿡
õͷ԰˯ˣ춯ҾԹ۵ģһ˵Աȫ
ȻѺۣȻΡ
ֻеƽǸòûдǡ
͵ʶһֱ̫ˣþһȣϰˣһ뿪ȵ֧ţ·ߡ
лл˵æˡ
룬ʲô¶ҪѾǰˡ
ȴסտ쵽ˣ˵ýѽΪģΪһԿڽ㡣
һղźòľڸжлΪӰһŮٴα
Ӿ˿ɮôѣӲ֩뾫ñ֯ĸӵﶼᱻճϡ
䡣ٲȻΪֵӣҵġ䡯Ϳ֡
̱ɽ̵ε佣ɺͳбȡģ
ӽҲܣҾҪ佣Լ˵Լġ
ֵߵߵɽţع·͵һԴѽҸղģôĪˣ

39 ƺ֮

˵λڽĸ󻼳ɶ֮ǰ϶, Ӿ
ǣƾ˭ұھӰǽ˸ܰ˯Լݡ
ϾӵĴһ𿹹˶ٷ꣬Žụ, ǼҼһ֮仹һΧǽš
úּҲһΧǽ, ּͥԺĹٺóԣҲܴΧǽȥժӡֵ, οˡ
Ϊ˽֮, ǽˣ˻ʧȥȫС
ʣõĳŵеĲȻʡ
һǰѽͼڲϣõĳŵѵƶʮ, 뿪ˣȻͷ, ΰģ
ӻع, ԷΧǽ̳Ĵ·ʵζ
õԼһ, Ҫ䡱, 
ǽȥ˴˾, ȥΪĹй
ûзȦһأѾ׼ˡ
µĲǱˣǳɳ˾Vʵ˾Եʮܡ
ɳ˾Vᣬֻжʮ꣬ΪȥҲлһگնұǿ󣬳ɳһսȴΪ¡
ɢķֻ³ɳһھǣѪͳȶҡ
տʼʱԳɳи齫зȫǲɢȥɳ֪ˣ˵ҹ⣬Ŀ
û˵նסмٻ֮⣬ɱκιԱն֮Ȩ
ǰ˵ҵͷڴ˾ſڣῴɳ˾Vɱ˾ʱ֪˵ǶԵġ
˽ֵ飬ɳĳ⣬ǺͿĽӴɢˣرൽľӡ
ʮ䵽ʮӣλ֮󣬷˳ɳΪｫ
Ȼ󡭡ûȻˡ
ɳｫ֮ȴûκαȨҲûʲôʵȨְֺУΪɢģгƨ£ɴΪڴ˾޽й񽻸˳ɳȥ졣
۱֣ɳӵʮ壬ΪӣɳȴҲѹ޿κΣһԹ
ƫƫСֶŮ˵ʮ壿Ȼҵйѽڰæ֮лʱЩǹⲻȥ
Ϊͬ϶ӾһֻԼԼһɱα˾ףһرҲͰˣƹλͱ飡
һΣ游α˾׷ĿɳڧһΣӼ죬Ŀ궢˳ɳ
һ죬οɳìܣǰ˾׵ìܼ򵥶ˡ
֪ʣ⼤
ʧĳɳֱðӵÿһֶģʲôæ֮УӸ¿ŻСӽй
ɳкǰƢҲæ캮ضģӲˣҪ˲ŻᶯֻǴ˿ΣأҪ޺й춼Ҫһ룬Ҫĵȴ
װԣʮˡ
ɳƣȻҪΪһС£˵ʹôΪҪڴ˾޸йαأʹô๬ס𣿡
ӶͰȥˣټʹֻеۺˡ
ЦⲻΪһ·˴˾ͻʹҹŹž͹ˣܵЩЪŵĵطϲԼĵţһЩ
ɳúЦԷǽˣʹڻʹҲڰɣ
ӷ༥ʮʿ̲ˣҲȻԵõｫ𣿡
ɳҲ̲סˣҪΪǹܶҲԷ̡
Ա֮ʩ˵ҪΪǷܶԱԷ̡
ֶŭĿӣãͬʱЦ
ʧ˶ʧˡ̹ʣóɳʱȤңΪ˶ҽйɣ
ӳ̽˶˵ͨ˴˾ͻʹǽڣΪ˼ң㣬ҪҲҪ롣
ǣ˵ѪԵݹϵȻʮһҽ׻壬ֻһûѡ˾ӦʮŶԡ
ꡣɳ͵С㣬ᶯ㣬ᶯҡվ͵ʲôû˵߰ɡ
ҲܾҵģǺ
ӲżΪ˵ҪԸɶ˾ӱ֮ǰǰȫġ
ŲߣҵйҲߡ
ɳ˵㲻ߣߡһᣬһꡣ
˵죬ʮգʮ벻֪쳤ֹʲô
쳤ɳսɶ˾ӱæţ˾ɱ͢ҽα˾ȫɱ˾ȫҶϯӵᡣ
ֻˣӶӹūʹסһʹڣʹʱˤȼյĻڳֹ
ڱƹˣӶӶһֱڲԣԣӶα˾֮£ͳɳ֪顣
˾ȫұ֮ʱαʺα̫ӵ˶Ӷɱαۣնʿ˽ȥĴһʱڳҰķзǽ塣
ʺݳӹҥԣ޴¡α۵ȷжˣµĶαԼڧα̫ӺͼΪλھ¶̫߱ӣһ˻ҧǲлӳ
ݿ޵滨꣬Ҽǿ˺֮󻹱ҥһʮСӣСʲôǶôŻˣ֮ʮһֱסӷ˼ҽһֱ˹С꣬ҲŰӻŮס
ԽƯŮˣԽǻƭˡ
һ֮⣬ԣ׼ҥ˹ͳ֮£ҥԡѸʧٷ˵α۱ԼĶּˣӸɵġ
᲻źײǣҪĳ˽ιϵͬһõķԼܱ¶ɳóɳĳ⡣
óɳƺ
ɳʿȻɢ̲ǣɳлᣬδزܷ
ȻɳͣסŲʣ췢ʲô
Ѿͷɱα˾װɣ
ָůϯʮĪҲ¿𣿡
ѾͷֱһŻƷ죬һſھˣ
ɳ棬ֻůϯϣ˵ɣˡ
ӵģ졪
ӶֱӴ桪һӡ
֨ѽһӶŶ룬һȺŻʧĴ˾
ɳһӶ̾
Ӷ̳ȻʺϷĺںͰòҲĸɳ˼Ϸ磬ʱϡ
ΪΣΪϷ統ʱڣҲһֽ赶ɱˣ˳ɳ׸˾⡪ֵ
ʱϷ˾ƲϷ罫鳼ʥּ˾⣬˾ⰴʥּҪ󣬽˾š
ǣ˾ʥּ֮󣬼ϷΧ˾⣬˵ͼı죬ɱҴ󳼡
˾óʥּԱ棬˵ǷּΪ֮ǼϷ˵ʥּǼٵģǳαġ
ٿĪ磬ͷ
һ곤ɳ˾Vʮ꣬Ÿ磬ʥּһģʱ΢ᣬûģ˾VֻŸԩڻʺϷ
˾VȻʺϷ磬ݼڣȻϷŮӶƫƫôƣ˾Vһ͵θڣƲ
Ӷ𴳽ɳ˾VҲϸ˵ˣһȥ
Ӷٴδӵļƻ
ӼֱҪˣʲô
Ӷ˵Դȥ˽ϱܷͷÿ¶һŸұƽµһֱûеҵˣȥôϢ

40 

Ӻ, Ȼ磿 ˣǰܣǾһԹż
ӶȹǵĸĸǲǷޣǣı˰, ôܶױĮģ̫ʧˡ
¾ͱԹ, ¾ƵϣӵϾȶ, Ұչ, ܳʲô£ڱǰȫǼΧǽƵˣҵ취׼
ӶӲڴ˾ĵϣ˵ʲôȰףԺ˵ڹϢ
ӶһƵ, һƵˣӶꡣ
Ӻ¾ġ䡰, Ҫ
ĸոչһ, Ҫðæ
¼ã᷼ȶ, ѳֲסԼ, д˸ֽ, ࣬Ҫת̨á
಻Ը⣬ǵʦģǸȵġǰֱ𣿡
һƣּҵĴ档һˡ
ӹֽԺִֽ龡ҡ
̨ôӶѻɽİ̧ͷ
Ӹġཫֽԭǡ
أˣ𣿡
лǵ潲ΪҪΪת
һˡ
׾ӵĽôܣƽӹҲڷܣ˵ġ
øɻˣΪβңæ𣿡
ȻбȼҸҪ飿̫ˡ
ֻֽҶ֪Ҫȥˣǡ
ôֽͷ˵ʧȥѶ顣
ǲڽϵĸæģýֽӽգؼĸס
Ӧȥᣬ캮ض·ߣŵ˽ųʮ¶Ӷ̫ļˡңᲢǴһԹżǻڵġ
öŮ֮¶飬ΪڣҲ飿
̯̯֣ԸˬʣֱԲ䣬Һ㸸äƼޣ֮ǰ涼ûҲ֪ʲô顣ֻǺӶ̿Ю֣ԸԼһġ
ɷûа飬ѷһģǶáůʱɼʹĸؽϣ̨жǰ;ҪΪɾܾˡ
ɷνҪ
ڸϴԣΪ֪ú֮ðȥȶԷ鰡ҵɵӣ
ȴĸ׶Ļ棬̫ˣһɶ񺮡
ûص䣬̵Сӵڽϵ̡䡱֡
һ䡱Ѿɣֵڶֱʻ̫࣬Ѷĸߣſ̵ӽյķСճ뾡취׽óݵĿ⿴
ϰһУҲæǰľãСˣҲγ˹ԣеĸǱܣԼΪʲô
ΪʲôȥЩ⡣
Կּҵ棬ͷ˹ǽͷȥ͵
˵ۣ͵ϻ
ƹĽᷴɣҪ˯
ϰҪҲϰȥҪ
ͻȻˣֽϵĻҲйµĲʧȥѶϢò֪룬ﲻ
˼ţĿ̵ﱵָϣʱ˰ָ׸ôһƤ⡣
ѪʳָָͷӿæӹסָֹѪҪŮҩù
Ѷ۲ѣӴָͷ˲дˣȥҸ٣ȥ̨Ϣһ졣
˾ڸپǷ㣬õͷ
ʰ갸ϵѪŮҲˣọ̵ֵ́ս깤
ղ𵱲÷ĵƵ°ҹϨ
磬ȥ˽ѧϰ䣬ÿζ磬ΪͶʱϲ
һѵѾվԭѰУݱΪڵ乭ѰС
ԣֱҲ̶ãǶӶԣǽˡ
ӱ΢һС飬ұ˰ɡ
࿴һΰϵļÿһ֧ȥˣÿһ֧ûаġ
ָĹؽŰĻص㣬ǲ᲻ﵱõСıܿģ»òҲһθƣ
Ϊʦ̫ʧˣûн̺á
ȥЦݣҸҡ᲻У˵ˡ
˫ֱأһԵ̬ȣһҪʧ
乭Ծ͹׼ģż
̫ţһθɴѰˣµУ¶ëβ
ӷͷԲ𡣡
ʧЦûϵֻԺҪҵ˵ȥ˵ҽеľС
šصͷҼסˣʣҾ˵ý̵ġ
⵹Ǹڳİ취ʾͬ⣬ҿС
һĻպñÿˡ
˵λҴӦ𣿡
ӺͷЩΡ
Ӳ˼ˣҾ˵ѧɲš˭û̹ҡ
˵ҴӦˡ
ࣺ
õ˵ҽ̵ġ
೯ȭлҵһӢ㱻ӻˡ
ӱܵĳ߹ȥӣԼҪ䡱£յջء
ӲȥԼ߹ˣóڱĽҪϡˡ
֣Щ˵ڣùֵֹġǵ档
̵°ҹһ磬佣ǰ깤
ӿʳָϰɴԼָͷϴССˣΪˡ䡱öһǽʱȻ˾õ˻ʹԷΧǽһǽǧգǽһʱ
ȥĿȫ˵ϣ۵Уֽ˫д֡顢١սģ˲ϧ̣
˵ǲֱȽϺá
չȥ½䣿ãһѽǲǽСҡ
Ǹ㲻ôãһӾͱһˡɹƭ͵˵ɵˣ齻ȥ㲻˵˭֪ôôأ㲻
ÿ࣬л˵
ࣺ쳤ϣ˵ˡ
þĿࡣ
һ㶣Ȼ򣬡ȥȦɽǣġ
⿩Զȥʵôˣдֽң
Ϊ㡣Ӳ˵ʵڵҡЩš
ãô򵥣
ӣǵġ
õĸѾȥˣ·;ңԶҪȵϢҪӶ԰ꡣĵ̣Ҹ׸ϣͳɶֶ첻ȥģᲢ֮ǡ
ȫܵʧʹʱûнҲзĪġԽǣΨá
ʵ̫ˡֱħͣƽ䣬޷ܾ
Ӱ佣ɱ˯ţһˣε˻佣ã־ϲ֣ķĴĺᣬԼ½Բȵȡ
գͲѣӱ۾ζΣЩ֣һֳʪճ塣
ƿһŻʧ룬һУѶĹŮȴЦȥδ빬ʺݱϲ
ݴҴҸҲһϲҵıŮڳɴˣϲ

41 ǽ

ĶȻ仯Ӳʲôֵص, ֻǾܡ־塢겻Բ鶼ȥ, , ʰĻǲŪȹӡ
Ҫ, ݸԺÿ¶Ҫһ, һ졣
Ӿɵ, ȴЦеĸ˫㲼ͷһë, Ҫֽ, עⱣů
Ѽӷ˲綼еιۡСĳ, Ҳһϲ޲ѸСѾɡ
§ǵСˡ
ӱʾ飬Ҳ볤, ΪʲôŮ˳͵ܲһҩ鷳¡
ĵ, ˵˵ûûá
ӣΪʲôСӶģÿ¡
ݺͲһ, ⲻûش˵ٴһЩ, ˾֪ˡ
˵ھ͸ңҽи׼, ־ʼ֪, Щ֪, ϾͲᱻţǶˡ
治ǰݺͲæû
ӱŲúѵͬһ뷨Ѵ¸࣬С꣬ԼСġ
˶ˣӻܾһôֿɲǷ岻ʡܲһҩ
Ϊѣ뷨һ
һ˵ӣ˽ܣĸ󡢼ӷˣ˶˵ϰ߾ͺá
ݵ𾪺ָ򶨣Ѱҽֻ֮ҪҸǿͲߡ
磬ͣԹ԰Ľ׶ΣѾҵ˴𰸡
˵ĶԣֿɲǷ岻ʡû˻Ů˵ĲŮ˷㡣
ӴкöҪء
磬˾׵ǽǣѳɳ˾VҵӪƺ
ϴӶĳ֣ǽǡӵڹ󣬳ɳ˽ոջõͼֽ
Զϱ̬ȶͼֽ޸ģƵػ档
ͼֽ͵ɳ˾Vչһ̣йҲİɡ
˵ʮ壬ĲܣһСֶŮйﶼⲻȥ廹˰ڲҲľͲֹһˡ
˾VЦǰˣСˡ˼ҵǣǣΪʲôҪôǵӣӣȵҵǿˣȨգ˥֣ӵı۾֪Ӧø˭
˾VҡΪ׸˾ǻԩġȻʺϷóɱ˾ȴ³ָ֮¹Ϊ˵ɱ鳼ʥּǼٵġ
׸类úʱֻʮ˾V̵ӰҾʱʥּΪǿ壬ɱ鳼֮ıɱҳĵĴ鳼
ұɶ񡪡ڻĺúõġ
ǼòĿƼϷĺӶ˾VʱпĻ䣬Ҳ䵭
Ӳһ񣬲׷֮ˣɳ˾VĽᣬͽ⿪Ľᡣ
˵ϴһûüʮ彲ʮ쳤ֹ飬ʵġ
ͣ˾Vס䣬Ҳ֪ĴܣޱȨ֪ԽԽ죬ҲŲһСѾͷĵ
һܣҪͬһϣĴ̫ˡ
ѽһٱ鰡һٱ飡Ͳ
ɳһ˽ģʲô˴ܶ᲻Ȥ
ʲôõʱһȥץûôˡ
һһ룬̨Ĳ𱻳ˣˣ֮ٻ𣬼ʼնǼҲˡ
ǣӱ취ѳɳ졪˯֮࣬޷˯
ƶᣬ׳һն˵Ҵʮȥط
˾Vȥֱβ
˵ԩΪȻʺϷһѵӣ񻹱ѵʮ岻Ϊ巭ƽԩѩ𣿡
ջʵ󣬶Ҷ֢¡ҩԽɳĽᡣ
˾V´ӣʮ껹ɣС󣬾ƾܻף
˵ʮ죬α˾׾ơ
ӻ˻ĽӣϵĻɫĶҾѶϳͶȥ׸α˾ס
ӰѲݸ˾V
˾Vҽӣ鴤˲ò࣬ѵСѾͷɱģҥ棿
ӽһ
˾Vˣ
ǶѡЦⶫڴˮõģһЩ
Ȼ͡ԼĲӣѵģѪˡ
ɳţ㵱߱˾ȫҶˣʣºӶūʹףӶȻ˵޷ȥף˵ʲôʲô֪٣
˵շ̵ֹ͹ҲҴߣֻҸʸٵգŪȥһѻ˳ֹǶţʮԸվߣҿԴǡ
ӳϸڣڻܸʮ壬Ϊڻǵˡ
漰׺ݵĸӹϵ񶼸㲻ͱȥݻᱻͨѹ
Ӳĸ׵İΣ롣
˾V߷ˣʣҪȥ
Ϲ˵ʮ߱ǡ
Ʈϸѩֶ˳ţ;ҪеרײĵȵȰĵĵط
һЩ㣬ӣͷ֮
˾VͷԣҪûеˣȥ˭
ӻǾ仰ʮȥ˾֪ˡ
ţʻˮˮӵĽ֮ءӵԴͷţװȼƷӡ
˾VǸзȵķֽӹ
ǰ·˾VӺ̲֣иשʯɵСá
ãͷ壬һֻ㰸㰸ϵĹƷɵ߰˰ˣһſԲĺɫ/ʺ
һͷλ˾VֱͦͦĹ£˲š
ǳ˾á
˾˾V׸磬ĸݱ΢ɫĻӣʵǿ
׳ջʵ˾ֳʲôǰ̫ͺũϰѳֳʺϷɱ̫󣬳ũϺ䵳𣬳Ϊ۹ʵȨˡ
ʱļϷҰͣ۶˾ҵĽɽһֱܾȥؾͷڰ׳ջʵߡ˼Ϸж˽赶ɱ֮
˵ǰƺʩܵģԩ֮аԷΪãֻѾãǽ˵Ķݣȥٹ꣬λ绯ãּʧû֪õ˭
ʵ˵ӶҪǰԷüλԩѾܲˣҪάҪһֱ𣬶ûѪԵͨնԣδҪ̫̣ˡ
˾V׵֪ܵܶϻһСá
⼸춼취⿪˾VĽᣬȻᡱڳ˾ϣôʹӳ֣ӰæѰ˾ĺۼҵ
Ӻ˾VһλɾٰѰϵ/ʺۻȥϼƷȼˡ
˾VֳλݣӣΪƽѩ
˵ԩΪʺϷ˵ɱ˾ʥּǼٵġҪΪƽҪҵʥּ֤ʥּġ
˾V췽ҹ̷ܣϷͰνʥּˣ޶֤֤κζ
˵ټ٣ټ棬ʵ˵㣬˵棬˵ͼ١ҿŪʥּдҪɱ˾Ϲͳˡ
һЦ˳˵һ£ȥ͵گ飬Ūġȥ˽ܭǣҪų¼һߣϹǲ𣿡

42 

گȻСѾͷƳģ
ȶɱα˾׻ɳ𾪡
ȻԾ, ɳΪʲôѡ׻, ѡ֧
ӿɳ, ǺЦʮ, гɶǶǸʵĵܵǣ˭, ˼ȥ, ֧, ʹҰ, ҲܵѪͳ, ԣگָ
㡭ɳָӣһʱ֪˵ʲôá
˵ȻⲢһ֮, Ҽ˺ö, ة㣬ǻãϳҵġֻ˿ͷ, ȴûвнβ
ÿһ仰˾Vһ̣˾Vһ𾪡ը졣
˾Vվڱ, ˿
˾Vͳͬĸ˳Щ, Ǹߴ, Ӣ, ԩʱֻжʮһ꣬Զͣ緢ò
˾VʮˣҲ꣬įȴ¶ĺ֮С
ΪԩѩʹʧܱɱҲȥ¼硣
˾VӣʲôʱΪѩϴԩ飿
˵֮󡣡
˾Vһߣ׵ĺѡ
˵ڲ£Ȼ֮ϵľ裬Һʮϲ̫׽ԽԽáԣҽͼֽ߰һϹģ̵ֿʮͼֽĵĿȫǣݸģʾҲ͡
ӵĽͺ˾V޷ã˵ˣҪһŵҪʥּֽ֣йӡ£١
ڴʥּگ飬ֳԻʵ۵Ĺֽֽ
֮˾VҺˣʲôõֻǽ赶ɱˣӵһѵԣҪһüŵĳŵ
Ӷףû⣬ֹҿ԰õʥּʮбܣֻҪʮͿ̰ʥּȡΪƽѩֻǣʮҲҽӣ
ʥּǳ룬˭ѳԼУǣʱҲһѹӰѡ˾V
˾V˵õ𣿡
Ӿ֣ԣǻΪġʮϵɢҵľɲɲܴյһҲǺõġһʹǽǣԷΧǽƵ˸󶴡ѻʹĺ԰кʿ岻ȵαλʱڷзӯ졢ֵ֮ʱʮͿԶֲ
ž˾VֶŮССϡ
ӴӺα˾֮Ķѧ˺ܶ೯͹Ĺɺͼɡ
ӿʼҪα˾׺ִʱڣʿƲǣ俴ų㣬Ҹɴǹ٣÷Ǳ̬ȡƵۺѷλѵۺؽܭǣʿ嵱ȻǿҷԣҲֻǿͷԶѣûʲôʵж
ֱͼӴףˮ룬βװ֮ɧֱӰ쵽ʿ棬Ⱥ߿
Ĵ˶ʿ嶼Ǵ򿪳ŷӭַûκ֯ӵֿ
ʿ壬һȺµߡղԼͷԲ
ͨαԼȨִʱڣʿΪܽۡ
αۻ۸ңʿֻǶƤӣ˵ѽ԰ûʿĲȡжʾǿҿ鷴ڻǽǵΪ
ҶڹڵȣӴպϴպҲܹûʿǽǣ
÷ãҲܵ峤ֵӰ죬վʿĽǶȿǽ¼Ѿǵα۸ʱ߿ˡ
ǻңʿ壬һӲãΪʿ壬ûдŬѧԼ⡣
Ҳڵȣѧϰεһ֣סʧµڶ塣
̹ǵϣӾĲݸȴ㣬ɳ
Ҫ֮ڸ㵽ʥּ
ȣҪһݿհ׵ֽʥּ顣
ʡУۺλگ顢Ӷ鶼д
ȥʡݷյʦصر佣վʦһõա
䣿пŽĿ֣ͷǾҵ䣿ȡû⡣
Ѿ˽֪ж꣬ӰѽУ뿴ʦѩ轣Ƶģ̫ÿˡ
Ըѩ̽пʼ轣ʱӼװ䣬ȥȡ¯ĴˮȡԿףһţӹһֽʥּڻȻԿ׷Żˮ£ٱ¯ܳȥ
ͥԺ缤ѩ÷ΧƮУƮȻɣݳ轣ȵǾ֮һʿӴྫͨ˵ٮٮߡ
ӱ¯кá
ս仹ӣѽˡ˵̹ˣɷҿ
ӲңֻҪʥּҪ˦ȥˡ
ӽ¯䣬涼첻ղȣȴɡ
н̹Сûм֡
ӵҽҫģôƯĽˣҺڴʦ
ӱ𽣾ߣյſڣ˵
￩һ£һЦͷھҪ𣿡
ָǽǰϵˮ裬㣬ÿ㶼ضľϣֻ֪ÿһζҶѻԭλڣľԲϣʲôҪ͵𣿡
Ҹղ¯ʱ򣬲Сײһˮ裬ܾǸʱŲλáˣƤ쿪˫ۣŵĻйѱǡ
ʥּڻ˾ӣŲСء
л߽۾գһ£ҾͲҶ֣
ڣһȭʱͣˣʣΪԷΧǽ֮·ǣ
ʵʵ˵ȻˣмΧǽھӴҪһ·Ҳס
ڴ£ڳмο飬ʡǰ׳ջʵ۵ţֻûʵȨΪʵǸܣ׳ջʵ¶еģȨ
зԣ˵Ч¾ˣвܰô
˵ǽ·֮ٿյɽ֮Ϊ˽£һϹǹһҪ˵Ϊ
кʿ岻һ֮˵㣬ĸǲκݣûǿҵʶչ˰׳ջʵֽۣӣƫ壬Ǳ׳ջʵۡ
ǿŵġ
˵˾ʥּİ֪ġ
˵ȻʺϷУǼû֪˵Ǽ٣ҲǼٵġ
֮⣬Ǿó˾еʥּΪ档
Ӵӻհ׾ᣬףҪǷʥּǳɳӦҺ
ʦͨ˲ӵ˼ѵʥּǼֻʺдҪʥּҪģ¼ֻʺıʼױģϹҲá
ӵģ֪ȥŪֻʺ֡
ֻʺеĶŮӶᵽȥˣţʫʣȵȣǺӶ䰮Ķ鷿廳ĸס
ĵڶ£ȥҽ㡣
Ҫæ㣬ͬȥ
ڴϣʼҾס﷽ȥ
ţ˵иһֱǺͷҪͷľӡ
һƣȷиŻůñڱΧһȦƤΧֻ¶һ˫۾ӿ첽ں档
Ϊڸ٣˫ֻŲݰӣͷ/һǺ«
˭ģң
˵طСҶ죬ң˦
յһСӣӽ󣬸ҲȣŲݰӸȥ
Ť˹գɹ·ˣǰȴǸû·ͬ
˭ģ֣乭ñӺΧ⿪ͷ¶β
һ㶡
ࣺ㣬ҵļӲ鷢ԡ
ƺæݰӿǽϣʵʵñΧ¶ݡ
ǰˡ
ᣡŵôñΧϣ㲻ҪˣܵǸʲôϲ𣿡
ίίסڽϹĻУ˵ѻʹԷǽڴ˸·ѻʹԼҺԺҪıźӶһΣˣʹӽܵǣܷæ

43 ֮

ᵽ˾, Ǻ«СĻȫ, ʡ, ûû, ͿӺ࣬͸
ӿЦ, 㿴, ˭Ǻ«ǮƤΧ˭Ǻ«ľŲݰߺûУҪװҲҪװһЩ, ҿ, , , ̤뾩Ǿͱˡ
ỹн, ѾˣӦû˷֡
޲һȭᵽȥ, ԼʲôûﵹæȾͲˡԪ, ҪɺӶġ衯, һϵ鷳¶ᷢصǣܹæʲô⣿, ֻҪһ, Ҿͷ㡣
һСָ, ࣬ʲôᡣı, , , ʮᶼ򲻹һࡣ
εǰӶͬģʵ˵úŰĴڣҲԼʲôᣬһǴǷϲҲ𣬲Ŭ㣬ֶֻÿ˶еġ
ʵˣϲ𣿡
ʵʵ˵Ϻܺã羰ȶԭҪҶһΣϰհҵÿܰȻ˯ǰ̫֪ǳˣΪ֮أֻǡ
ãǼ硣ǣҵ˶ǣ뵽Ǳ۸Ժǽ˸󶴣ҾҲ˯ˣ֮ҲȻζ
Ҳûʵ˵ǣʵΪԼ˽Լİ
̹ף෴ָˡǸĵˡ
ʵʲô㣿Ϊʲô
һ£ûǹұõģһˣȻûж͸ˡ
ļƻһ̯飬˦ûмƻûԤաûпǺ
ǣԵȴΨһˡô˶ǰˡ
Ӹ̾ͽһԣͬԳ嶯ġ
ʵҪȥȥȥ
ȥ᱾ܵĵͷҡͷˣҲȥҴӽܻңҵġ
֪ǰߣǰҲ
̿ЦûµģҺ͹ڣ֤㡣
ѾȲǰǰޡϲĹѪϷˡ
ͬȥ
ӵ˷ָװ͸װȥ˳µ֬ˮ۵꣬°˸ġ
νŮװֻκΣ
費Ҫò彡˶ιĺӽãǺ«СһЩ
еĺӶ
㣬Ұˡ
ϲϲⲻ⣿̼̼
ӶǰһЦһޡһһֵģһѪŰమɱȻдŮ־ż񡢷幷ѪϷ
һԿýζżƫܣӶ̫أ
ͷַǷ޽˽鷿ʼޣ͵ȻʺϷּҵţ̸Ͼ֮дʫ衣
Ϸͦο㣬дҷ緶ִʮ˳ò󣬺̫ҽ˳̾ݹȻ˽ͨȵȣǶβŻ޵ʿ嶼òϡ̺塱Ұ
õķ磬ʿͻ΢ĶԿϵӲֻԼ⡣ɳ˾Vǳ׵ܵܣȻ޹˼
ǼϷ翴ǿ׳ĵģһԶԶһ׳ջʵۣȥؾͷǶԻλҰĵı֡
ǼϷУԵˣϷн赶ɱֶʵƯʹȨû壬ֻһ
ȻÿԼǡ塱ģ尡壬֮
ӳ¾ɷƵֽšžɳ鼮ӶĸֻĽ׶Σƽʱûóûȥĸ׵˼롢̳ĸǻ۵˼ӿɳ֮
ã͵ˣһСֽعϸġϷıʼдʥּٰ֮ѼϷ赹㣬֦Ҷֵᷢġ
ͷӶҲֵþƣߣױˣ·Ҳˣ໹δϣӶٴηٽ
򣴨ϣ˰ʿڿõ÷ַ޵ҡӷ˲硰ɥżʽȻԵáԼӶǰĻϲԩңǷḻļʶ
ΧЩ˵ƽֻ
ӿȿ㣬ˣͱˣǺõģڵǣΰٱˡ
ˡġԼǸӡԹǺϡĸƵʻ㣬ֻҪգڻͨҲҲϡˡ
˵ôţҪһƹıһܳһ
Ӷô죿ɵӷŽϵĺӲǵۏˮӬƵģ첻ߣɴڹŲŲϴǻ
ǰ޵ԪǴΣҪҳŹƻġҪȥ
ˣӼֱҪˣǲӶǰǲһԸ⽲û
æֹѰ·Ըⲻǰǫˣ˻л
ڹ
Χ۹ѪϷ㣬ܽ˽ǰǰƾûԲ˼룬ͱ褴ƸǣһԸһԸ
ӵ˼Ϸ漣󣬰Լ鷿ҹдġѧð˳ƣֽüϷıʼдҪ˾ɱ˾ʥּ
ǰأ˸ؼĽ׶ηɣһ糵ͺð׳ո׸Ϲ
ʵ˾Դ򿪴Ѵ糵ȥű紵糵תúǺ֮֡
Ӳ̾ȨĽ𣬾ȻǶϷһǿɱЦ
óɳ˾Vǣ˾ף֪ɳ᲻Ȩͣɵڶ˾׻α˾ף
ûܹλջ
ӳ÷ǣƷûѡ񡪡ʿΨǣһ
ʿԭǼһУֻҪյԼͷϣܴպϴպϹԤҵڲ
öعʿÿ˵ļʶ;Ľ׼ܳԽĽ׼ο־ˡ
ʮ죬αʥּ˳ɳ˾VѾʾĳ⣬Ҫʮˡ
ɳչһƣϷּٰĹӡ£ӾȻˡ
ɳʥּڻУǸƽĹؼ֤ݣʵͲҽΪһ𣿡
ӾԼЦȻ˵ƵᣬҲϰԴСʿһСʮΨһܹȡˣûѡڽ飬˵ҵĸûãҪһ̳ˣҲҪһʵۣʮ壬ݵһڣָ̫ܵտɴ

44 ߼

λŮд, Ǯĵ, Ҫһλ̫̫, Ǿϵ
ͬ, ⽨۹Ҫһʵۡ˥ϵĻʵҪһҲǾϵĵ
װ׳ոײ䵱ʵ, ޷, , ׵Ҳ˥, һﶼܹ, ʱҪһϸĴ
ûж, ܼļ̳й, ֵĻ壬ô, ʮ, ѡ˭ã
ֻܴԼ, ѡһԸһڵķ
ɳĽ׸ĺԩ˵ǸζķԸӽ˵ĴҲΪƽѩ
Ӿóɳǻ̫ܵѡ
̫ܣɳ, ̫Ƶˡ
˵, һҸʼݱ, ʮλƱشҡ
ɳʣϲˣ糯һζȱ, 񻹲
ʵʵ, Ҳʱ, ݺƭߴ٣ѻʵۺϳҵҵϡ
ʵ۵Ĺϳʱÿ˵ʲôͿУжͷ˵һ׼࣡
˵ҲǿУне˰߰һڣʵ۾˵顱
а˰ұһʵ۾Ͷ˵ô
ֻҪ׳ջʵǣľżƵˣ³оͻ֮ʱʵúãʵƵģõеĿ϶ȳǻˡ
˵ˣֻĸһֱչ˵ĺܺãûʲô󲡡ǽ붬Ե̬˯ˣԷҲǰһŷ㶣ǰͷ˵ĻһͲǵˡдҽʰȻҽ㻽ȻʺϷ硣
Ǹ׳գ˥֮󣬻մΪʵһֱɵ˫ɵ赣˾첻Щϸ΢Ĳ𣬵ʺܵиоġ
׳մ磬ɳһֱ鸴ӣԹ統ûо磬ƾϷɱ硣ף֪ʲôһֻͯδ̫Цˡ
ɳʵܿ𣿡
ӵʮ
ʮգʺʵʱһƣʱʵ۾ҡһˣʺæ˷ʵȥůЪ
Ӵųɳȥůȴǿյģһѣ£ǻûԶ
䴫ƿţʵ۹Žţֻŵվڴǰ󿪣ʵ۾͵Ĵ糵糵úֱת
ʵ˾ĿתĶŴ糵ĸǺũϵޣһʿ壬Ҳˣ׽˾Ҳ˧ģ߽ϣ˾ԵòƯվһ𣬾һɾ¡
˾Ǹƿ޿ޣڿտҲڱоŴ糵ӣаƫƫ޷ѾףһС
ô˽̣ӸϽһڸϣɳžһϴ
ʵָųɳ˵ѷ棬糵תˡ
ɳ䣬С
ʵ۰Ѵ糵쵽ɳߣѷ֮⣬ø𡪡ʹת
ɳЩͷܲᴵ
ҽ㡣ʵ۹Ӻūû
˾Vһ
ūǳ˾С˵˻ʱμһͷ뻳ūɴ˶
˾VͬĸЩƣʵ۰ѳɳΪ
˾V˵֣ūѾ
ȿȡӴ˾VŸףȥЪᡣ
ӰѸ׷ȥ˹˽̣˾V¡
ҪҸǰ̸ⲻˣʱ򻹻ŵüС˵
ʮ˰ɣʲɵͿˣҵһж޷Ļָӣͷҡͷ֪ʱϵĹˣͱλѻλø̫ܡ
Ӷųɳһݣʱ򣬻ʮһһ·
ɳս˻еʥּ
֣ϲ³ɳӡ۽ΣѾΪЩģգǸֽ죬ˡСꡢꡣ
̨æòɿڹС꣬ŷӡѵϾһջĶ࣬˳嶯˳죬Ը
һþЩʲôӺԶˣСʱһֱϲ¶ͷӣʵĻͦãĲͷʵһַԼûʶ
һ£һ£ֻΣһȥ佣ڶ죬ĸײף̫࣬úֻǵͷЦЦ˵䳡滰
Ȼûˣôգûȥֻ
ڽʧٵںӶҲΪת档
Щ겻ȥΧ¡ӣȴֻһȺϰսľ
ȥӺڡ
˵˵¶䣬²ѧˣȹ˵
ʣæʲôСˣȥֵġ
ָһ㣬⼸ǴڡΡڣţŮӼҵ**ֱԣװ£֪Լȥʡ
ûɣǲʹġ
иطԲͨͿԽĴ˾֪˾·ֱͨʹԷ
þ߼ӡ
Ի㱨ɶڶΪɣȥҴ˾
Ҳˣ˵˿ڻʹ
˳ˮۣʹԷȱڽ˹
ֻ˵õһͨʹ·ϣԷǽһɰţһͨĻڣᵽӵĲһ˱ƹı֮ģӣˮһ㣬һյʱͿȫͨʹסʳǡ
˹֣ѹڽ϶˵Ҫı
ǣûдλ˼һֱŶֳɶ
ѵҵжʧÿʼҡڡ
δ빬ȥǻʺݵĹһ֮ĸӾסδ빬ͷһƫĸ׵ܽ
ȴδ빬ǰ棬ţͰݵȵȣųܴ󣬺ƺƵģڹȺ
δ빬
תȥδ빬ţźŵ˵ĸϤȥˡ
ʱĸײ籧δ빬һ𳤴μϤȥӵ޹ԶͿźã̤ŷľ죬æδ빬ȥ
ȥʺ
ԶԶͷΧŴ˾Ŀųìվڣÿվһˣɭϡ
߽ͦųìǰ棬Ȼͨ
ȥĸʲô˼ǻʹеĹҶãݵ
˵Ҫºͻʺ飬κ˲ÿ
ӺǺһЦӴһΪǴ˾أĻȻȱĻá
Цݣ
˿ìӣϳȥ
Ҳת뿪
þ֣ӺյľٶԾӣƺ׼Ůǣһƥӽý⿪ѩһӣͷȻһͷס
һҪ㣬ȥֱڣ乭Ÿղȥ

45 

˾, ѵ, мϮ, ųì, ܿ
ﲻǼУǻ, ļ˫, ۾ĳ, 㷽λ, Ȼ󣬷ż
Ľ̻, ź, Ϸż
Ϊĸӣһĸ첲
űʽĿף첲ûзкеĳìѵ, ʯ̨ϡ
ǽһѷ, ֱӴ
, ìǷ׷׳Χȥ, ׷, ܹȥĳì, žʧĹ˺Ҫɱʺ͹, ݣ
԰գûųìһöƵĴ͸Ⱥ
ΪʲôҪȥֱδ빬ҪƵݷûʺ˵ˡ
һʼÿζźصͨҽӾΪʾá
ǣѴ˾࣬Ȼʹǽ·ԺӾͶͼɣΪҰͣǽΪ˷㽫ıƹ
ǣüᶨΪʱıڽҪֳɶ֮ǰԲᡣ
ãֻԸˣ찵аѳɳ˾VڵԼߣԱǣ
ôˣȻżƹΪʲôҪð֮踶ǽ·أÿ¶ĿģԵ޹ʡ
ʮˣŮ֮¶ݿҪһˣţûġ
ΪιǰֳĲŻͱ¡լǽʾĽ֮Υ׵£Ϊ˵ҲҪԽԽ
У㿴ɣˣ͸ڿ˼ֺ㣬㣬ҲҪ㣬ǲǺܸжǰûɣǲӦ
ǣôݶûκʵԵĻӦôΣʼûом
һſżֵǵĸ鰡Ҳ͵֮һ
ôǸ˻߳ûСʼղܾӦҲӲ
һˣʹһʯͷˣʼһ
һƿس֣Ӧ֣Ҳոսʱ֪ҰĴ//Ұģ**Ϸٵˡ
һС꣬꼴ȥϵνѹծźù꣬лӵ˼ӡǹ֮ǰҪֵծҪֹ궼á
ҲˣҪһ𰸣ꡣ
ÿһȥδ빬ݷʺ˶ڻʺߣҪ˵Щʲô㡣
ʹ˸ƣȰ˵ָʹˣѼֻèŽ׼ҪĹƷⷿ߰㣬Ǵ£ŵüƷ⣬Ͻȥⷿ鿴
ȻϹˣΪʺߵĸŮ٣Ρ
ǰŸߣžʹԷǽˡ
ˣһδ빬Χסκι˶ͨ籨Ű˽л
ˣæҪȥˣȥȴ
ûұۣҲƣͷΧնϢݾǸ׸
©һֱĸסһͷԣй˳ȥҲȥĸ
ƽҪϰ䣬ȣһӦ͵ֳɵġӲ֪ĸ׷ʲôȥˣضҪɱȥĸ
ƿ˱еĻҪ
ݶڷϣΪ
ûоʺԹԵ֣ʺҶмҵˣŮЩ¶֪ŮҪʲôʺ󻹲ף
˫Ŀȣһе꣬׷еŮ
ݵȻֱ֪˵ȥҺͻϱܭǣдگ飬ָҪַ쿪ʤҺͻϵԸ٣ԴĹףҺͻһֱʣµǻ̷Ϊ˾ͳ쳯Ӿٻᣬѵ⻹õģǳܸ͢ߵȨˡ
֮⣬ǻҶԵģҪ󣬾Ĳ㣬Ҫͼıˡ
޲˺߸Ϲĸߣ˾ӾٻᣬеȨһ𣬶ʺһЦ
鶯վڷǰϵݣʱʷ飬ÿοΪ˲һЦϷҶÿţŮ໷ݣǽɽͻλֻһΪɵΪһŮ˶ɽʧȥ£ǹҽֻΪ˸Ѱҽڰˡ
ǣԴҼʺҾʷ˵ģûƭˡϲһŮˣô϶һ޶Ůˣͻλɽһһ˶Ƿˡ
ʺһΪô࣬Ӧ֪ҵİ⣬Ľ㡣
ȻǸɽˣʹи޷з򡣶ǧͷ;֪
ݳʿңúָʫ衶İɣشε⣬ԼɷǴʵۣǻʺ󣬲
ԭƲҵݣϲͷĻʵۣϲʺĸ£ûϵҿ㡣׳ջʵǸɵӣˮǳԻ˶һغҶ԰ţҵǻһȢ㣬Ϊʺ󡣡
ݴ󾪣Ҫ߱治ҿˣα˾һ
ǲһ˾Ϊ˻λңֻΪ㡣˵ҪʺλãôұѡֻöλҪ㵱ʺ󡭡ҵĻʺ󡣡
ֱԼĳҸжˣ鶯֮£Ҫȥץݵ֣вһѷĶ̵ٵһָѪ߳ŭ˹ȥ
ӯһ˷εı˳Ʒ˰ϲƿ÷֦
ѵ
ɻƿҵϡ飬ֳ޴Ķһ÷ˤ۵Ļͷȴûй˽Ѿȫסˡ
ݴȼݡһֱܵǽǣ޿ˡ
㲻Ҫˣûõģ˱֧ߣ˲ÿǸݵķӦʧˣҪʺҲˣΪλϽң
ݵһֻһˡˣûпˡ
ã򰮶ޣ޽֯ŭ֯͡ɵģΪֻҪãͻᱻҴ򶯡ҿˣǸˣϹȻһͽİ׳գҲ࿴һۡ
ݵǴʺǳӣбŮбΪλῴ㣿ǻ
Ҫ
ݳֵ֣ղ
ʹʱXԣҲ֪ʱʺΪǰָ֮ʧȥ˾֮λΪڶȫ˾ס
ǿƲУ飬ҲԸȫʼҪЮŮӹҴ˾йҵĴ˾˺԰ÿͽͳڡ˵һ죬ڴ˾ͻȻʧˣô
յֿʼ׼Ů
һЦһСѾͷѣɫƽƽ棬òһָͷ磬ûȤֻȤ
ڶװˡ
ŭȾָһ֮ĸ޲硣
ָϹ򣬡һ׳ջʵۣ̰ˮˣߴˤνӣһ˵ܰգҲܺһĺΣӽˮԣ᲻ˮأ
ŭ£Ҳֵ£ղԣ㹻壡
Цһ׳ջʵۣװװӶѣᣬᵱƣʲôСˣʺȴ档
һܱŮķõάˣȴҪ˯һİ׳ߡ
һŵĶߣ̽ӸλԷᵶʺᣬȴӹһֱСҲ˻Уǰ׳ջʵѾɥʧ
ʺˣȴҹҹߣʺϧ
ֻҪʺϴңӹͰ׳ջʵҶᶯʺܾҡЦݣӹʵۣˣһһȥȵۡ
һƽ̹ĸӣһȫӵ̫ӣĸԸһӴ˾ֱ̫ƵλΪֹ㵱˻ʺ󣬽ᵱ̫һٻӣʵۣҲܵõա
ôûУ
УݻµҴӦ㣬Ҫģسŵ
ϲ־췢ģң˾׷ģƴӣʵۣΪЧһбƹλ֮ģȫ⡣
ҧҧã㡣
һ˵һеŮͶͱæֱȥ
ӵУһͱСλú׼ಿλ˵Ҳһ
ǣ·޷ǰˣͱȥ
һץסһݵֲ֪ɿ̵ء
Ȼ·洩һף
˫ֱҲã㿴ŻˣҷĽձضҪõ㣬ͱضȫ֮ߣӻ򲻴ӣҶҪõ㡣
ݳ׾ˡ
ʱͷ֮žһӼſ̧ǰ㣬˻УһԼӲ߿˴ţֱڱ

46 ȼհɣ֮⣡

Ӹ, Ϊһ, İ취, Ч󱳱Ҽ͵ˡ
, Щ˾Ȼű׷ᣬҲû˸δ빬һͶì
οûųìһ׷, þȥ˾, ֳ, ЩǴʶӡ
ǻҰɱӣ, Ŷʿ棬ǻ˷
ײ, ֱ, տŶ˲䣬ۿץĸ˫֣ĸŻʧ룬޷ɢңͷϵķζڵˡ
Ӵŭ, ϵ佣, ̶
, Ϊ˿, 彣ƷǿԽϳ, Ь, 
ϵձ, ֱڷſݣ彣񵲡
Ǵ̵ˣ˿Ȼס˫˲䣬ֻսĻڱۣþץ佣
һɣӲݿתͷʹƥ߲ȡ
͵һԴ㱻ȳһ
Ӳ׷ϣʱ˾Ѿϵ·һΪܣһڳƣĳìųɴ⬣̶׼ӣ˴Χס
ݼŮϵĵĶ̵ôδ빬ԹҪ췴𣡡
ټδ빬մһĸŮܲĻȣǰǼٿʿ
̫ˣðźĳìеĶ̵ôСЦη壬ֱųìײ
ݾգľ
¶ɢ֮⡣
һ㶣ջسìˣɴ֣ƾìԼűϣҲԸײԼĳìϡ
ݾһһ˺У֮ҪôãҪô֣
ܵ˰ΧȦм䣬֣ĸϣĸŮһ
ôҲû뵽ǱһĻȴƫƫҪúñ˿ˡ
Ů૵Բ𣬶ԲⱾá
ĸⱾҸóܵΣΪŮΡӰοĸףҪΪģҧһڣĴǹĴ
ղĸ׵һĻɵŮô£ǰì֮˺Ľ͡
ǲʺˣ¼
Լɹղǻӽˣʱ߷߽ӣѾزɴ಻ĿĲݣҪѱĸŮ
һӣ£Ҫġ
Ͳˣٶǿ׳ľԸһƥŮˡ
ԸиץӵĽקæýǸոȣͱһץסˡ
˼ʱһ󾢷ϮһìͶì̴ץӽţӺ󱳹ᴩǰأͷȻì˶˵ذϣ
˲ɿӵĽף˫֧ųìֹ崩ųì»
Ҳñìɣ**ԱƣԼһ¡
񱻴ں֦ϵ⴮ǲܻˡ
գ˫վ˫ַųì̬
ҵһĻʱֹͣקϵĸŮ׷׻ͷµ֮ìǸɵġ
⣬ȻȻɵɣϵӣá
˸ɱá
ϱȻˡ
û뵽һֱվԼߵþȻɱ˴˾ãҪʲô
ھн죬ȥ͵Ǹگ
ôɱҵˣ
Ӻݶû뵽ôʱδ빬֡
һϲһʲôأʹˣҲ򲻹⼸Χ
ݿӣҲǱϲӣôأô㣬ͷԵģӲҪԡ
ѵˣǿ͵ת̫ӻӣͷվˮһգ
ʲôһԻ޹ı飬˵д̿αװɴ˾ʹͼɱʺȻ¡
˶ˡʲô
̯˫֣ʾԼûˣ߽ߣſڵʱÿ̿͡
ָŴ˫ֱǰìվȥҪɱʺ鼱֮£ֻͶì̿͵У˻ʺ󣬻ס
ý˫ۣΪѪĹȻɴ̿͹ȻɱʺԴȥִΪ˹˲ˣ̿һǵļϸٰɣɱʺߵ£õ±ɱʺʿͻݣ̨Ȼ˻̨𣿡
Ҳ֪£ƾ޷ͻΧģΪ֮ƣȺϣܹ֪ԼԳ嶯룬Ǿá
ִԲ򣬼δ빬ܹһЩʱ䣬ȴ˵ȡԮ
˸һ˲䣬ɱĿߣһ˰ˣ𣿾˵ñ̿ɱˡ
ǣϲúŪӣȫδϣûֵǣһȫ
ʱͷ˱֮Ѷˡ
һ·صǰڻʹһЩĸٺʿ
żȥ˸ְѽ԰׸ʾ뿪ʹ˻ڣȻһЧһңΪʹ
һߴСٵһ嵽Ŷƣŵײȥžһײˡ
ʶС٣ˣʧƺ˰Ūδ빬ӺŽʱÿ˸ոճȥ
ԭȥⷿԼɲȥˡ
Ǹܸɵľ١
˲һġ˯Ļʵ۽Ϲˡ
Сٿ֮˰˯ʵĻʵǰһƣλϣݣҪ췴𣡡
һȱˣ̴˵ˣд̿ͻӣͼɱʺΪ˳ڹͷδ빬׽ϴ̿͹ǽԻʺ֣Ұ·סɱʻʺӹ£
ÿٽһ̨ף̨ʱӲӲǴ򲻹ģοʱʺȻİΧжá
Ȼš
˹ȺӺôˡ
ʲôûõͻ˺

ö´ʱ£ѻɱɶƱػĻӣټʮӹΪһ˸Ȼ˻λǻΪۡʱ¼ʧȥȨȫұʷϻҪ߱αأ£ΣΪʱδһ
־䶼ǡΪá濼ǣȨףõĻ޵
ͻ˺ΣȨ㳯Ұӵʮ򣬽ǰʵʵܹô
ֻҪر֣ҲãŮҲգ綼ҵġ
԰׳ջʵһݣӽ˴󹦣ɱ̿ͣ˻ʺ΢ӻϸ̿ͣ΢𷣡
׳ջʵ۸Եİн̵ȥһӣ˵ǣ׼࣡

47 ĸӰȱ

׳ջʵһﾪˡ
̴ɱΡǰʯͷԼĽ, ˵Լ, ֻ˵˵, ʵ۵ķӦӦǡǰĴĪҪƣø̨¡
ô, ʵɵ, Ҳǽ, ˵Ҫͷ, ʵ˵˵ļǣ׼ࡣͱʵʩͽ䡣
ôأ
Һ÷Ӧ죬վԲ, ˵ϣͷٺ»ɺã
͢ԱǶٺ», ٺ»Ĵˣࡣ
ǰ׳ջʵΪǸٺ», Ƕ˵ҪĻ, , ҪҾǺûʵۣ˵
, ̫, Ǿһɡ
׳ջʵۻΪٺ»ʲôء
ո, ׳ջʵŴǾ䡰һֻһˡİԣʱζӳ¡ΪʲôܵʵۡȢŮˣõİأ
첻ۣⲻƽ
׳ջʵ˵Ĵˣһݣ΢췣л϶䡣
ȥУǰѴڳìϵģ̇̿͡ߡ
δ빬һ̲ѪдƵĵذ塣
ٺӺʺܹȥŰ׳ջʵۣһھǰڼܭʱıһ
ʵɵֻҪţڹؼʱ̱ŮʧȥʵۣӺݲ׸
׳ջʵ۲ԣֵƤˣôﵽﲻĵط
׳ջʵ߶߶˵Ŵ˴Żһ䣬ĹǷųϴذѪȣʰҵôӻҪ
ôҰ࣬Ҷıһǹġ
ԣǱƹıʺҲ봿覣άֹĸϡ
ͳһھ˵ñƵĻԣδ빬̿ͣͼɱʺҿֵ磬Χδ빬׽Ϊ˰ȫͽλڴ̿Ѿɱδ빬ȫˡ
վǽǣĿŻһڱһ𣬿˶ԾδĹѵ˵ÿһ֣ġ
Щ̫ƽĻȻɣ߼ƺ滰棬ԼҪˡ
ۣˡ
ûⷬԣضѪϴδ빬
ⷬ˵ֽǷ̡
һڵӵûлңֻͨĽٺһڡ
ͨһڣǸ׳գŮǸ޸֮ŮӣŮʮδɣһ˱۸ûʿˣְæ߶ͽһع
ǻңʿͻԹۣΪ֮ڲȨʿ޹ء
ֶ˵Ȩֻͬûа
ԣȨףһϸʿ顣
ϵ峤δһ࣬ԲаǰĶҪͺö˼ά
Ҫʼձ侲ף㡢ľ񡭡
һֵĽ̻֮£ѧʿһ״¹򣬲֮һ֣ЩʷҲǿ״¹򽫼ٹ˼꣬ӴսκǴ٣ÿͳһ֪ˡ
ȻһڿʺĸŮΧڿŰ衢ڿһڵӵ˾סŭţ򶨵ټѵ̫ƽ֮ÿʼ˼ʼɡ
һ
С˴ܣʤ궼Ҫ룬Ǹ˵ǶԵģ޷Իһڱ޶á
˻ƻ裬ʹҪţ⳼ڣСҹÿ˶ҪؼҳԷ
ûصϾסأһƬͣƽʹɱǽȻͬ
翴·Ѫæ׷ʣƣҡͷ£ȥϴ衣
ֱǲǹˣӹͻʺΣ
Ĭ߽䣬Źˡ
罹겻ĵȴϴԷͻȻʹͣӽ˴󹦣ɱ̿͡ǵۺʹ͡
߹ʹĴһʹзһװεĺӣ򿪼в㣬ͷ˵ţ˵˽շ飬˵ܵļӣж㣬Ҫ籣侲׼ú϶ȥҵҪʱԽ/ǿߡ
ݾͰ׳ջʵһ빲Ҳ뿪ݣѾø׼Ҫչ˺ӡ
ͼݣֽҲֱ̫ˣҪɱ
żӽϴӣȫ¹ϵģԸŮ³ȥһ£ϴ裬Ҫȳԣõһ
ŮǣūȥԸ׳
š
﷽ȥһֱףӴ䲻ϸ߹ݣݰǸѣһ¶Ҫѹ֮
ǵزŲʲôѹѹģԼһʺ϶ˣƾȨ裬һǲǷɱ
ֱִ֮˶ǿݣ˾ףûףȻɳɥĲ֮£
ŭĲ籼̣׵Ϣ
ƹѲ뵽Ժһ궼û
˿գȥҵ
ƹŲ磬ٲʱսʱǰԸǼӷ˺̿ӱްϢݵˣɽˮһϵ˻Ὣżת
дţд˼ж⣬żһйҪѹ֮ͬѩϼ˪ɴֽϻһֻٻһѵϣܱ˼ˣʹżйҲݡ
ʮ𼱡óϵƣͳǣؿЩô
ƹ񲻸ҵȥš
ͬʱӼҡ
ϴȴĸףŮ˵
ÿŰϵĲȣθڣһϲ£ӵۺʹ͵ѡһЩȥݷھӡ
СһžַۣϥӣʲôնֻϷˣԵһˣôŵ˾ȻҪһͷ͹
æԼԹˡ
ǾͳЩӰɡóؽѵԿףҪȥȡĴдá
ʹС꣬ԿŷҲ᲻óԴ棬Ÿ߼ˡ
ֿóأҴҳ˼ڣھСȥ鷿˵ɣʲôˣ
һݣغȥһڼ£ǸмԱŮŮδǣҸת߿Ӧǰֹ£
˵Ӧȸµԭʱ֮˱пɺ֮
ֵһһˣѪԵϵֻһڼ̳еļҵ̫ˣ˶ˣŷˮȥһҵ
ֵһСӱһ鱦֮УĲƸƥ䣬Ȼ
ʣغ˵СӵĴ𣿡
ֵʱҪɷԤˣս˰ʵ˽һȻǮҪṩɷǾ˼䲻ƽ£Ϊֻܺعġ
õغ˼˵Ϊ͢ԱԳ͢ٺ»͸·ƽСˣ
ֵͷ˼Ȼٸʲô
ʣ˲ҵǿҶô죿
ֵϡľλⶼԴ취һеӲͷɷԼһδεĶγɵģҪ˷㣬͵һδεԳ⿿ôС
ʣô۸һھǵأ
֣⣡ȻСӹյˣϷڲ

48 ˷֧Ԯ

ò֮, ᷴ˼, ϴԡʿĽ̵ֵĶĿȾ, ȫ̽ܣǻȥԼ뷨
쳤ֹյһĻһΪӻͻȻԶ, , ԹĽǿ
ӿƽ׽, ضҪ, ʵĽĺܡ
Ӳĸף𺳵ģ˼Լǲ̫Ѫ, ǹҲһ𳤴ĺѰ, һжȥȨ⣬ô˺͹к
Ҳףƾһ֮, ǿΣôһأ
Ųġ
Ƶ, Ҫ
Ը, ֻ֡
˼Ŵǣڿӣ⧲ݽȥˡ
ֹ򶨵ú, ȿ, ǻһ, ǾͲһˣ˾Լ飬ÿԼ
̸εžǰȱģױַܹȥգΧסδ빬ͼ죬ӹﴳٽ
һ㶣վŴǷڽǣ֣һ˵ΪΧδ빬ҪƹӦΧסϵϹǰ
ŲȥֶԻʺ󲻹졣
ɫһߣĸֱѬģ뵱˾ˣ
õ˾λˣ뵱ʵۣռʺӵɽˡ
ֱ֣룡ε֪ģ
ðѽ췢齲һ飬֮ǰһֱ㲻ΪμҪŴ˾ƻʹԷԺǽԭǴʺ˼ɫûеóѣգưոݣֻҪ꣬⻹гɶ˾ӱ񣬱ƹλʱδ㶯ְˡ
غǱطġңֻҪԷǽһû޲ʺһ첻ðޣΪ˳һʺ϶ܱкĿƳ
û뵽صز̾ǻʺŮˣҪǲǴУҪڳšʧϣ³ֻҡʵŮ֮ĳţֻǷ£Ů޶Դᱻ޼
õȻˣҪֹóѣŻֹ¼صķչغһ󳯻ᣬغͷ࣬޲ʹԷΧǽҺغھӣϵпɣһΧǽţʹ˾֮ңܱǽǣغ̳䣬̫ѧѧ֮һӦʱ򡪡
ִϵʱоʿǿѹɵ֮ģضѳʮפԻΪɣ뾩ǣʹолȫԼˡʱ򣬾ͲǻʺˡһԼʿ巴ԣɴ๷ǽɱ˻ʵۣǿռʺǿеǻܿһһ죬Ҫһ쵽𣿡
üȫ亹غ˼ǣ֪ѬģͼԻʺ󲻹죬Ȼʲô鶼ʺ̻𣿡
˵һŮ࣬һǵĴѡ񣿡
õҶҪһһ
ļ򣬡ʱ緢档ǣҵҵͣıѡ񡣡
þסĳ嶯ʵŮغأ
ŭɶһȹȥ
ùⲻܣӲסһơ
ʱõָӡ
˵غסղŻִһʱŭεļסҪǡˣغҴʱ˿̶ķŭ
԰գվݱ֣ջغ⡣
ֵģҲ㡣
ָϵָӡģغҲóŹֻ꣬߶غ
գùȻݷھӣ˲׼ţ뿴
Ҳؼ˸ƽʱĴӡʼǽ
ľ֮Χǽ
һ·۵ǽƤʼۡ
ǽƤѣ֩״
ѣƬƬǽƤ
ĴݳΧǽשһӡ
ʵڲţСңҼӷ˸״ҪúùܽԸӡ
Ů֣ӷһͳˣڼҡ
ҲԣڼңùȻҡ
ôϰĺǱѰͶìᴩڵأҲƻˣֵʮߴʱΧǽмשأҳһ󶴡
һߣֱ̬
һһСŶ
֣Ҫʲôʱ򣿷ɣڣı䲻ҾˣҲסˣҡ
˵ҵðǽҳһС·ͨУԺغҵĴ桢ӣҲߢԼ˵Ĳҵʲô˴ء
һ뷽跨ȼʮͷѪͻʵͷᵽһڵʹࡣ
Ҳ֪Ƿãǣֻеõ֮һ峤̳䡢ֵ̨֧֣пܶס͵Ұġ
⣬
úһԴ֮ˣǶһϣ׷΢Ĺ⡣
㡪־ò֣ͻᱻû

ҪˣҾͲȥⲻ֪ǳ⣬뵱࣬ȥɣøֶȥ
òֵ裬ִǮ
䣡
һֶߣֲţ޻˶䣬ǶˣȴܡǷӣܹ
ˣһƺϵ࣬ŴӵĽһԾ
ȥˣ
еõ׵Ϣƹ񿴼ǳˣŸոͳǣûô졣
ھжˣ
ƹָԼңơ
ƭˣ׵˼ҶֻھǰһĿܴټҺԱʱ֮衣
⡭ƹΪѣйλ󣬶Ҫ㣬ˣūˣҲкˣʱˣǶֻ˵Ļ
ʵ޴̿ͣ߼ϸ
ƹȿǶԣǼϸǳʮɢڸԱﵱū澣̽Ϣ
ʣ𣿡
ȻˣҪصӵˣƹƬ̣˵иڴ˾ⷿﵱ˷
ϲã书Σɻɱ֮
ƹ˵书ƽƽ棬Ǿͨһֺ̡ɱңһֿ˷λ΢޷ӽ
ֻ÷˵Ҫ顪Ѵ˾⼸죬Ǵӽ쿪ʼƷ¼¼ңǱ̻ȵھ·ĶҪ֪˾ⷿ򡣡
·УɷƽնЩڲ̷ʩ
ŭƹ֪İţ̰ȥˡ
翴Żʹһڽͷˣͷд˾ԹڼǿΪɣؿһڹѷɡϵҪݼʺҲܾ˵ʹæ꣬Ҫȴһ󳯻ᣬǲŶӽʺ
ļ٣Ů֪ѶͷһҪסҾǡ
ͬʱʹҴţŵʾơ
ûֱӾܾ:ʹӷÿ͡
ҺӹԼŵĻȥͨһ׼ҽ
һ
ƣǴ˾ǻʹأʲôʱֵԽ޴ң

49 

, ʹص, ˵Ȳڡ
ǹЩأָԼ, ֪˭֪Ժεȼ˵ȣǲϹۣ
ϻ, Ҹոտƣװɵ㶣ûд˾Բڡ
ҺӲΪ򣴨Ҳڴ˾Ļﵱ, ͻùĻԼ, ǰƳ, ˼ȥ, ͬˣҾͷС
ȥ˸ڴ˾, ſ˵Ҫ]
]˾Ļ֮һʵ, ɱ˴λα˾Լͷʦ, ǺܵҴͬģŰ峤Ϊ򣴨Ҳڴ˾ﵱĻţα˾ִʱڶʿ׷ǹγԱȡ
һѺ, ȴɫ/ѬĶϡá
æ, ȥ, ˵ˣԼȥС
˴˾ȴȥ壬һ·Ӵ˾ͻʹ·ϡ
ظڣظܡ
ΪڸǵϷʺĳţʹȫǹǧҪԺÿʳ߶ҪӴ˾ͷͨԷǽġֱͨʹ
˻һװŲ̿ĳɻء
˻ʹȥ˻԰ר޵Ĺ˵ĸ
˴ϢɢΪɣ԰档
ѩȥ䵽ϵ̿ңðǰӿһů
ʵʲôˣΪη͢
һ㶣ûи㣿
ҡͷҪͯӷţֻ˵鷳ˣͷҪҽ㡣ʲôû
漰ʺòֱԣһͯڴŹʧʺ
Ӹ˵˼䡣
ŭ޲磬泼ӣкĿ˾Ʊؽ֮
˵ĸʳѰһȥ˺ĻĸԣԶԹĸȥûõġһޣת˲ţȻɣΨһİ취ǳΪڼల£ǳ˻飬ˣһȵ֮һֻ׸
˵ҼˣҪɱ
ӵƵʹŸ붼׼ţзɸ뾭ض䣬ڣҪȥҳɳ˾Vźͻʹĵͼתһðյļƻ
ż굽⹬ĳٴɻء˴˾ӳҡڵ߳ȥ
ȥ˳ɳ˾Vĸۡţչʹͼ˵ӵļƻ
˾V˺һᣬ̫ˣƻ̫ðˣֻҪһڳ⣬ȫ֮ءӻ̫ᣬ̫򵥣ܶϷ
ͬĳţ»Ҿÿԣݼţȵ꣬һжˣǲлӮһΡ
˾VĳͣҡͷܵģȫûаգҽӵǷʥּ֮һֱк;ɲ磬̶̶ʮ죬ļʵޣֻ
˾Vָͷ
ࣺɳ
ָͷ˻Σԣôôˡ
ࣺǧ
ָͷڶλζ˾V̾١
һεȭġ
Һ־ᶨҧסˣ˵ʵҲáɳʧһ꣬Ŷգ󲿷뿪£ͶĻǻһֱŵ£֪ȨƣֻҪһǾУصԡ˶Ե£Ҷӹһֻ֪һϣ֪ΪȴΪֻ֮ˣȴǧͷҵֶһء
УӹļƻƷʵҲе˻Ǵ̣ڣӹӪʺʱٶ֪ȥ·һȴ޷˵ȥˡ
Ȼأ漣ˣúǰȳʱΣֹʩӹѲܱɿܣҾһҲԡ
īߺڣһ̫ãӹֱԸýƻɹƭ͵ޡ񡱲˾VƨҪӵļƻġ
˶û˾Vһã˵һ֮ĸҲƱҲأزϣòгɣˣãȥӹһᰴռƻȥ۳ɰܣ˾Vˣ
ãͳһ첼ӹʺϼģ֮ʱҾҸ첲ϵһ첼ֵҡ
˾Vȥ׼
һȥá
յӼſڣǽ֮
룬ģҲ
ҳˣŮ˺ԺŴǽ
ʱѾҵĲˣשǽƵһƬڿּҵĶǰҲҪ
ȥ͵ˡ
һСĶӣʱ
ûҪ󼸿שͷˣҪ̣֣ͣ鷿̸
óֽʣʹͼ˵ͻϮļƻһ磬ԹڼҪǿѲΪɣǲӽǣԭȴ˾ʮӣǵĶ֡
˾VѾͷӦˣ׼֮࣬ңһˣܹмؼһҾǻǺϣġ
ʮˡ
û뵽һ̺ûбڶ̶һҹ˾˵ļƻ£һꡣ
һ󴸣ͷðѪڣ˵ұڰȱѰͬˣԶ취̼ЧԷûбҴ򶯣һ˵뷨Ѿٹ̣һһϦ֮ı䡣ȻѾһߵĵزǾͻȥˮһսɣҼ롣
שмĴӣǲ⣬ֻǽˣשͷ
ڹġòϸͣ岢Ͽҵ뷨ǼֹѾˣм뷨ҲҵĴ㣬ǻ಻ͬҲ޷˵ԷǾΪǶԵ飬ҵġ
һü򣬡߰ɣ󴸡
ȡ˸šʱ̳Ұں
̿ãߡ
˸ովͼһ˴м߳Ҳ롣
Ȼǲ磡
籧һ¼˲ᣬҲ룬ղ˵ĻҶˣռ˽˾֮ⷿһЩȤŲ³ʲôģʱһͷ
һ˵һߴĿ¼ñʹһЩ
ᡣ
ĸףܺܵĸΪһֱң
ûʹҡ˵ܵʱ򣬲Ѹּҵܵˣ߶Ҷղ
öԲһݣĸףȥˡ
ڰ֣ȥɣҲĶӣƾڲΨΨŵŵ֮ˡһ̶̼ʮ꣬⳩죬һкãڿֻʮ꣬ȹǻִƵǽƲԿǣָЩ϶ˡָ
ʹĽȡš
ǰݷҲŲһݣýȥ
ߺ󣬲糭¼ݴ˾ļټͣȥǸУЩȫ
ŵӺǮոճţͷʹĿŵÿ˶ҿţǲиӦȥԴ򿪴ţſվһδ󺺣糾ͣһŨüëǹŰ˪
ףҹ̸·Ⱦڷѩɫİü
һƥƥŰȻ۵С
ӻͳŴ׸ͼʲô£
ҹҹţԼڵʮżͬʱرա
ʹϻʹɳͼ
ĸȥͳʹżɴˡսΪػʹʵΪ˰ӻҡ
νЩˣʺӹϹͷиС
Сٽۭ£ʿ壬Ŀǰػʺδ빬Ҳֳֶƣ˺Ͱ׳ջʵ۳嵽δ빬
òϲҽڽۭߡΪС꣬ŷӡֹͣ칫ԱǶҪؼҹ꣬һгҪȿͳһӡ֮
̵ʮ¾ˣ롣
ʲô̫ҽȥûУʡ
ۭ˵̫ҽȥˣͻȻգ̣巢죬ôΣʺޣӹҲż뽫ȥ˾Ӧԡ
ʹЩҡ״̬ϵöģ⣬òóȻ뵽ʹ˵ȥ˵
ôٶĸŸҳţЩ˶ǴӴ˾ģǻʹ
ϹԶŵʺҵĿϣ£ǹ¶ĸλȥϣ
ϣȥˣұضһȥס
һ٣ٸҪֹˣݵþŻʺ͹ͷš
룬˶ڣŮӰˣҲôͷͷжɱȥǡ
òͷů紺ϣʵ۹Ȼɫ죬ͷϻֽ¡
ôһӷĻ߹ȥעڷյĻʵϡ
أһɺҪͷӳģȴѪͷ
ֶ˶ɽϵѪΣץסü׹صͷ­ſһӣ§ס˺üص

50 һغ

ñһն, ʬͷ­Ƚס, һ㶯ûС
ͷٸֻʺĿ
ϡաĻʵ۾ӳЦװ˯񣿡
ˡֽʵ۲, ֽȾ, ԭʵûзֻɫͿļ
ʵ۵ҪǣҪ
˵һûḸˣͰǸ㡣
Ӱһ޻ʵ۶, ǵͷʼˡ
ۭһȺϵź첼Χ, ŵһ, ȥ, һյһ˿ҺҲʧˡ
һ鲼סʵ۵˫, ʣҷȥߡ
ϹѾʬ, Ŷ򲻿, ʵۿ˻εġ
˴Ӳųȥۺһûжźõͷ, ۭл, һ׻, һ·˾ıɺôɱϣѷּ׻죡ټɱ泼˾ף
ж֣ÿһִͬ˼׻ǻʵԳַ֮⣬ʾʵصв¾񣬷׻ģҪս
а׻졢кõͷﴩĵۺ󣬻ʹͲã׷׼Ӫ
ÿһˣͻõһ첼ŻʹһȦӦ߲һڹС
Ӽ״ͬʱһöɫɫ
ҹɫɳ˾VٸʿڻʹҴⲻԶſд˾ʿڣ׼κͨ
˾V˫ɫ𣬵֪ǵóˣŶҴظֱȥ
ɳۣ̤ҹɫһǰ̫ˣǷ׷׾١ȣ˫ս
ʱյĶҴͻȻȻ󿪣ͷӿһұ۰ź첼Ǵ󷽷
ǰ˫ؼлܿͱ
˾VСӺڶҴʤʦ
Ҿұ˩ź첼ҳƺΪ
˾Vǳɳʵ۵׵ܵܣóռλͣѡĺ䡣
ôگ飬ɳ˾V˾ңٻʹΧǽָʹҳôɱʵۣƹıɳ˾V޵ʮܣӢսĹ־ңⳤɳΪԪ˧˾׽÷˾ףմˡ
˾V½ʥּܶʹ̤ƽ˾׽Ç
˾Vگһ࣬˹ٷȷϣѪڣʥּλʿһ׽Ç
˾VһӦ߷׷׾ϵź첼ұۣ׽Ç׽Ç
˾V˺ռƻֱʹԷȥ
ΪʲôԷ
ΪԷĳǽиֳɵȱڣܹɰţͬʱͨңΪ˷ԼͨУûȱţֻڡ
ǻĵطǣҲͬǴ˾ĵط
˾VָӺȱڸڷϮһ·ˣΨǰǰ
˵˾˾׻û˯ͱ˽˾ˣɳ˾V˾
˾׼ֱţأ
νͷԷǽϣǴɱʵۣƹı
˾鰸ɳƽմȻң
˾󣬡źţټʮפǣҴʮӦϣʮҪ˺˳ɳ
ҹ俴ģֻ̻Ϊţ˾ͱ࣬Ǵȫװ߳ţҹʰ쵵𣬶ʱɵˣʲô
̻ǲ磬Ӵ˾Ʒ﷢˽츮˺ɫ
굱ȻҪ̻񣬵ֻһɫͺˣ²˾ΪԤƹ֮á
ƴ֣Ҫͺװ׮ȫ̻ͷŵĺ˫ɫ̻죬ɢȫǸȼ˸ɫǺɫǵҹձ˲ȼˡ
Сҹӽ쿪ʼǲˣҼһ̻ҹյĴͳͷȼƯ׷װԼҵ̻Ҳȼˣҹվɼ￪˴ȾʲôɫС
ԣ˾ͷźɫ̻źʱûڹȺڼҼһУۡ
̻㹻ŵ
ʮؾĸֻҹնʰ쵵ģô˾䣡
űĪҹգŭŸ룡
ĵ̻˵ʱŸӣŸ˳ɻᱻŵ̻ˡ
һȹȥӲУܿ԰ɣɴǣ
ڴ˾ĴСϣ˸͹ؿרŽɱ
ϣɳ˱Ͷı
ǡɽصһʴȣݶļֻ̤Ȼԣ˺ƽսר졣
ھжУ׻ᦣսᦣ˱սȻͬ
ǵᦱƳɳ˱ʱȴֳɳŰ׻ᦣ
ʿǶʱסˣᦺͰ׻ͬʱʱ˸ô졣
Ķҡæ˵ҵǻʵ裬ɳİ׻ǼٵģƽϳûȥΣεûϴ죿
Ҳԣɳͱˣ׳ջʵۿܶʶ
ɳϣϣ¹򣡡
ɢʵվһϣ׳ջʵ˾׵ݵС£ѧƵ˵
˾ףѾͷǽϣҲ˽ۣɱޣƹıҰġͶͷǰĪҪһٴˡ
ҪͶ޿õܵķϣ㣬ȫ˵
һ죬һǰ׻ᦺͻʵ۱˾ʮӶ׳ɳǵ˻ʵ۵֧֣Ըš
˾û뵽ҾȻͳɳ֣
һڻһſ͸ҡ췴ӲӲˣ
˾׵ɳЮĿɱż
˾һ£乭ɳָӺüݳˣʸڳϡ
˾ɱģҪͬʵҲһɱ
˾׵ʵ̫ˣɳ˧ĺܿ챻ѹԷΧǽ˫ΧΧǽڿʼ˼ѵĹսһʱ뽩״̬
˾׿ԼʮӱΧǽﶯãֱ·һڴ˾һųȥȻ·ʹšʱڼбԷǽȱڣʹŷرȥ֮лضܡ
ú඼سǣԷֹܵУ·żɱͨǽϵ
Ӻ֯˹˽һͰͰˮ½
ҹˮɱһͰͰˮӲȥڱһ䣬ֽŶľղס
־ɳǣ˿ס˾ʮӵĵһǵ˰ҹ֮ʱ
˾׼ǲɣʮҲٳٲһʱ겻ѣôǵ屶Ϊʲôֻƽ֣
˾׵ľҹͻȻʳǵϢ˾Ǹʿ塣
ʱǶʮﶼرţϢͨջڹ˷УʿϢͨһӴСڵ¹Уټ˽ԷѲߣػĵţԷֹҾ룬ɱ١
Ӻĩʼһٶԭһֱӣ˽װˡ
ʵۺͳƵǳϦҾ˼ȻĮ֪˾׹ȻɱʹȻûȥ
˾Լ飬ǴˣټȺϳ˭˭͵ʵۣӺκκʿ嶼ôġ
Ҳټ˽Ѳߣˡ
峤֣ѾͲڼԲߡ
˵ҷɲÿÿùǶڣΨмĸӲڼҺǵǡ
ȥۏˮȥˣ֪û뵽һŮԼӣŶϹ֣
úӶȥ˽ҵĸӣдŸھӣҪҶӦĸұϾǸˣܲ˼Ҽ£СȰʩѹҪ޲ʹΧǽҾܾˣȥҼԺǽ⻹ĸӶȥһսȥˣĸӳ£кĿȥӣ
شʧɫúɩȥˣ˻棿
ֵܣ˶ͬһ游ֵƽչϵãҲʱдŸõأҪӦ޶
ֵͷӷ˺ʺЩܡӹʱס͵ҵļӳԣһֻ۱һֻۣװ֪ˣĸӶ֧ʺģֲڼң˹һԽˣ棬Ծ
վ˵ʹ˰úɩǿд
˵ͷҵģЩУˮͰȥ
ز⣺ΪΣˮͰֱкó
ʵú˭
أȻǰãֶ
˵ⲻԣֻǾֶɩ쾭塣Ƕԣֻ֧ңˡ
ǣˮͰȥʹͲһˡ˵ʹŻˣϵĻһʰˮͰȻݻ𷸣ĻǾʦᱻ˾ҵڲ
ԴžȻС
Ϻɾˣҵȫ֮ߣǧȥʹӪĸӡ
о˻ʹӭһҲûһˮĿˮͰ
Ϊ׵򣴨ϼҵ¡ĸס
¿ŮţҪˣæҵǧʹ
¿غͲĵˮմĿˮͰɿҲȻ𰡣ãͬȥ

51 ѣ

غղ, ȻǼ, Լ棬һǧȻ࣬ʱҪЭ
˵ãͬȥֶѾһȥȻ, ͻС, Ƶ㿴, ͷӻ𳡳, ĪҪܡ
¾ŮУͬغ˵ŮҲڻ𳡣СҾ͹, ߵ֪ߵغڻʲôˮ飬Ҫȥ, 㿴Ů
غ´һһʹ
·Լٸʿ, Ⱥ˽ǿʿϹȫ, źӶ, Ϊ׵ȴһ˸ŨױĨĸ, Ҳȫżףһ
֪ΪΣغ¾Щ졣
˼Ϻ򣴨ϵģӭϣǺӶ裬˾׹ʹƹıӶҴŹĻǰҺҲİɣһͬȥ
װᡣ
Ӷ˵ʹѣæǰƳȥȼݡ
غæʸڷϣǲǣûУֻȻġ
һ㶣ʿ̫թˣѹ游㶼治ǡ
ǣսҵĻʹҴŷȥ֧Ԯ
ʱҹʱ֣˾׷ڶֹǺ屶˳սĺ
ʹǧսŵҴֻҪǧţӾͿԴʹǰлˡ
ԣֱ򹥴ǧţһҪƴš
غµľȻӸϵʱӾϳǧŷһֵϮʬѻڳǽ£Ҫͳǽƽˡ
ʬѳһȻǳݣʬݡ
Ӳʬǽϣͺս٣Σ
ŷɽһģĸоӽὣ񵲣ϾͻСİѽѹƣһ·ˣֱײڳǽϣϰҪ³ǽ
С㣡ҿСˣҵĲָųǽǸ᧿ΣӰ
¼״̰ˮͰˣȥȹ
ǧӵϣɱ·ӣǽࡣ
ʱҲֶãûǧſõټǧѾȥˣҲָǧӲǽɱҺƱɱһѪ·
ӼǧţϸܵУͻȻ֪ðɾɱһʱ⧲׷ˡ
༴ĸоƳ¥ʱطɽһᣬоأûӵΧһжһ񷴵ӣɱȥ
˶֣ú౳ڻɱ˰ҹǶˣоȴˣһһ޾ƽûʱ䡣
͵Ǽ֮ʱҺҲӺͻƣп˵о˵оڶ
ࣺ
ã常
¥ҵɸЪæܵ¥ÿºزšʬݡˡ
ʿȻ
һ̣ӻԼΣ۾ҧ⣬ۣ
Ρķ漣һѣ
ӴϲæСӭȥϺ򣴨Ҹʡ
¡æϵȻġһȥ
ҲԼֶӣã㸸иչ㣬һȥĸأ
ӵЦͣͣԭֻҺӵġ
ú໺ˣǲߡ
ܺӣµҲġ
أãȫ˶ǣĸӣĪҪ̫ˡ
úһۣ¥̨״ȥ˵
Ȼϵ¥ͨҺҵĲסˣ˭ܲˡ
ҲΧãǿдߡ
ŷɽǲҪҵĽܷģǿ˭һԣ
ýſȱڵĵҷסʹˡѾ常ء
ýһӣֿȭŮһķɽ
סˣܲܶ׻ӽ
սֶãôԽ󲻶£ؼ֮ñŷ˼һ£̨Ĳ²Ҫˡ
úһΪѡ
Ӽ״Ҳ޿κΣʿĻ
鼱֮£Ӿ׻ᦣ˾ҹƹıʳ׻ᦣδλȴҪ˱Ǻε
Ǻεû
Ȼģֲġ
ﶼףֻ⻰˼˵ڣغװƣֻ˹ȥץܺӡ
ʱһɱϮʿʼֹʬ¥Ѿɱ۾ע¥Ѿһˣ
һĶ֣
ɱԼͷˣϺ򣴨ϵĲΪԱֻܾٵ˫̱ӣԱٿ
һսºزԼͬѼƣһǣȻȥһ¡
ûа취Ͼģˣǰɣ
úѾ˵һȥ
֮䣬Ӿ˴ϲʧϲۼˣƾק˴ŹȵͷҶܲ󷹵ȵʲôУѳеĶȫӽ˾С
ָһЩ𵶽ɱϳ¥
ӣ˽ס
ӻͷȴС
ԭо˾ױƹ̴żеһ֧ԮպÿϺ򣴨ϵĲʿǧš
иҪѰ׻šдӴӼƵĶҴųȥһ·߾ٰ׻ᦼУڸʿۼﷻϺ򣴨ѾϢ
ӶˣУҲûֻȥȻ𡣡
е浶ǹĴˣȻͳ
Һұռʿİڽɽͷλ
ʡУҳÿһֻƮݳɺףĻľ߷һԻӹŰ׻ᦣ˻˵ѡ
ʿ˵嶼Ӧ׻ᦵĺˣԼҲȥĻ
˼ʿҲ׷ɳȥ
ӿһ֧֧ʹȥֱţУĻãҷż˵ͬĻºضװƲҡ
еʱҲҲȴռͳǽǸҹ
԰գеתͷһﷻȥԱӾŰ׻ᦽϡ
ϵ峤ڽȴذܺץûεȴкӣԼİ׻ᦡ
еˣں͇սǧţֲ㣬ҺӹԮ
ﻢ£һĵز׷ӡͶʡĻصǧͳΪûɱװ˷ˡ
ûð취ֱȼ˻᧿Σƴʣµǧǰʹǧ֧Ԯ
ҪһѴģһ̱ʤһˣһ/гȫѺȥ
ӴϲѵͷԾ֮м
ӺоŰٻȥǶٶʮﷻ޶ëٳɶ࣬߷õʱ֣½½ҵĲ˽ȥʹ

52 ҧ

˾׷һܿµ飺ԽԽ, ҷԽԽ, ˳֮£ʧȥԭ屶ľƣȻͺƽˡ
Ҫǣӵ˾ǸʿĲġƾ
Щƾսһ㣬ʱ޷ͳһ, Ϊ, ش󡪡ʾһֱڹ̬ȵʿ׷վӣվڳɳ˾V, ˾׸ˡ
˾Զ޷ǰ˾α̨ȫҵġΪú, ʧȥʿ֧֣ʹǿϻλҲܿ챻ɵˣûʿ֧ŵĻλ, 罨ɢɳ֮£ȡ
˾һֱ˾֮Ϊ䣬ƴʿ塢ʿ, һé®ȥϣɽĻҲʿĹԱɡ
˾һֱΪ, ֻҪץסʿ壬ͻһֱڲ֮, ô, ѻʹԷǽڴ˸·, ۸ңϷʺν
пʵ֤̫ˣһĿڣʵ۰׳աʺӶǸɵĻ˻顢Ψһһõóֵӹʮ꣬׸ĻҳԱãȻܹǽǣѳɳ˾VƳԪ˧˾
ɳ˻ҵ֧֡ʿ֧֡ϵĲʱ֣˾ʮ룬
ȥǿϣġ
˾׷Ϻ򣴨ϾȻ첿ӦʿĶˡ
غ£˵ܲţʼֻȻġ
˾ײ֪
Ӳ֪ЩԽԽʿ塰ƾȻдӹŰ׻ᦵƭģ
ɺ׺Ůġšʵһϵġƭ֡װǣż˵Ѿȥˣ˵żȥˣһ˵ʿ嶼Ӧ׻ᦵĺȥȥ
˹˼ӡȻҶȥˣǾͬȥ
οȺòɣ棬˵ᶨһ㶼˵ѣֵʱǴԸųúÿˣ
ƾһźÿһŰѵ˵ɽ죬Լӹŵİ׻ᦣһҼҵġ޶ë߿ա
ƾĶԽԽ˾׵ԽԽС־
ӷĻȰ£ǻбϽ˰ɣǳطأеµĸﻹбɽڣûա»жɽ֮ա
˾׼ʶǵķʹĸûʡԼıȻʹĴ˾˷ΪƸΪζҪһУθģ
ڲߣԺ߲ˡ
˾̾Ҫǰߵʿ͵͵Ӻߡ
Ϊ˶Ŀ˾ֻ컹ûϽ뿪ĻѾѳ׼ںָӣǰʿΪ˾׻ڡ
˾һ˸ոӵһСӣأǰӿڱһסȥ·ʸȣԭ߷о˾·
ĲҽУ˾㸲һͷͣˣһصĽŲԽԽ
˾óһҩۣҪԾ档
ǣֽڴߣˡ
׳ջʵ˵Ǿ仰ֻҪͶ̹У޻ᱣ㣬˵
ǾͶɡ˵ת
˾ӵֽӴ˫ָ߾٣Ͷ͸ش˾ӷͶ
˾סһĸߴ󣬻̤صʬ
˾׾ôЩϤǣ
˴³ĭüëĨȥ¶Ұ׵Ũü
˾׶ʱˣūԨӡɱס
ܺãʶңҾͲ˷ʱҽˡָԼ㿴ҵססɱ㡣е£͸ɱ㡣
˾״ʧɫʵۿͣͶɱȫңҿּɣ
ūǴĸҪܴĲ⣬ľҲͬūľ
һЦ˶ˣ㣬˭֪
˾װȾܣٶȸ죬һѾסķ٣ӵǽϣѽǵʻû㵱׹
˾ΪҪɱң
ʵúã޵ʵ㲻ʣҲ˵
׸˵۸ݣҲĹ㣬ôͶúûأңҪ㹻ңܽͷ֮ޡ
˾һʱӲͻʺм飡
׵ͷȻ֮ҲơϣĻܹ档ллף
԰գ˫ֱס˾׵ͷ­˾׷˵ĲҽС
ױˣȻĲӸˡ
׽˾׵ͷ磬ȥ͸ʺ󡣡
罫ͷ­װ䣬͵ʹݴɨһۣޱ飬ǰߵĳɳ
ӽۭᱧݣǰ㲻õʺ͵Լ޾ͿޣЦЦҪ̫ࡣ
һ⻰ݽŲ磬˲͸˲ļ򣬡ԡӿˣΪʲô뱣ˣȴҪûõʱ̣ҺúޣҺ
ݵıˣ˺ˡ
ʵΪһ˽ӱЩʹ࣬ҺˣȴҲزȥˡ
簲οŮҲѾ˵ˣӽãڹͷǣ̣ͼǣͷ˾ͺá⺢ڳԿ࣬ǸиģôҪֻ⼸ꡭ
˵ʹԷǰأۭ͵ɳУ˾Vϲæ˽˾׵ͷ­ϣͶɱ
ʵʱ˾ӣпһս˾ͷ­һ˷֪ͱˣˣΪ˭ս
׷׷Ͷ
ʱտʼףҹˣˡ
ɳ˾VܹһŷͶʿһ㣬Ȼ֮࣡
һֱȥ¹˭ֶ˵
ҿ˿ˇͷ­Ѹٽⳡս
˾Vۭ˭˾ףҪΪټӾ
ۭ˵Ǽӷ˴ͷ­ģ˭Ϊ¹ٲ֪
ǲɱġ
ͷ­ܹ˵ʵ˲òࡣ
ɳ˾Vӵ־ٶı˶Ůӵĳɼ̾ǧҪŮ˰ҪȻ֪ôġ
˾ױܱɱϢȫǣʮפʱɵˣһϴûˣ
һЩ½ľæˣˡԼʮڳ⣬ȴٴձࡪǶԾãûзԡ
ЩȻڳɳ˾V£ԭӱɢֻ࣬Ϲ˾Vˡ
˾Væսձӣ̫ˣ˻ʹʹ˾ʬҰٶﷻԺһ򿪶ĸţǳΪǰûʲô
úս̱֮ԼҴ˸סˣǿдߣؽ˼÷ʡ֡
ӸһҹĴ˵°ҹһֱŰ׻ᦣ첲۵ʧȥ֪ۼˣͷ˯ȥ
Ψ׾㣬йϴɾˣմѪ·£ȴеŮ
ڣˣˣ̤ųؽˣ
׼Ĺȥӭӣȴˣ˱˾׵Ϸ˵ĴĻ־塣
εջزһ˫޷ţҡᡭҲ˾˵Ҳ롭ǲ룬ǡ
ץɴֱ⣬ԼҪ鱨㣬׼ɶ˾ӱһֱдŸҪһɱ˾ףѾоڳɶķǼˣƿҪ
һ˾ס֣˫־ͽŵĽ䣬˾ɶʦض˱ɳ˾Vƴ˻ңǻųɳġ
˵˾ˣɶӦ˱ɶҰĲһɳĴ̣֯ΪַɳĻӻǻ
ݽһҹʱۼˣϿʼиȴϢʤϲ̽ˣһʱ֧ŲסҪˤڵء
ײݵĽţæܹȥ
̱׻У˼ףһʱסˡ

53 

ױ;񶼱ٱݡ
˿΢, ˫Ŀǣȥеǹ, »ɫвü΢ǳҲġ
Ⲣһα
ʮ֪꣬Ҫ޸׳ջʵʱ, ;ıϣ񱼡
ֻҪܵ㹻Զ㹻죬˾ӱʵ
¡Գ嶯ֻǸδӵС
ע⵽, ݱʮǰҪ, ë飬һҪŵĻƿ
׽ŵϣˣϢ, ˵, ûгɶ˾ӱ, Ҳ, , Զ˾˾ȥִǸ˾ϡǸ˾ʤǶҪһʵ۵άͳ, 뿪һЩ, ˾׵Ľѵ, ˾ҲФ㡣
˾̫塱, λ̩ɽĵ˾ãҪϷʺ󣬰Լˡ
ݲ֪ˣƭǲɵģͱʵδֹ۵ľȫ̯˵Ҫġ
ݰϣȨ˾ҵ䣬õ˭˭ûоͷ
̯̺ӣϣ˾֦Ҷïüٸ˾ϣɱҲҪöɱԼˡҺֻһСЩûвһֱȥ꼰ǣϽˣһ׮¡
ֳ︡Ӻô飬÷Сҵĳ棬ʱǳ
ʱӳΪϼҵϱвﵱţһͰˡ
Ҫס壬ٰһ꣬ӳ޾źˡ
ڴˣݱ۾ߵ׸˰ȫУҲŲסˣ˯
ͷѷ˳ٳЩģĽװߣԽʥϵ̬˯ݡ
򹷣ʵǻ񣬸о˿ְĵվ
˸ƣʾȥ˵
ŵ߳ȥ³ݡ
δ빬Ǽ֮󡭡ʺҹûкۣ̫ˡ˵ζæ
׵̫ˡһиϢ
װѳɶϼַ˾׵֮˵ˣ˾ϢȥʦʱͣЪ̰ƹ찲ҪսҪ׼
˾ף˾ףֵɳ˾VҲ֪ܵ죬˵Ѿϰˣܻʱ˵ܲҭʳԼˡ
ÿ׷ˣ常Ǳ߻£ҽҪȥչ˺ⰲܹһһ죬ȰȰĪҪǳüչɶǱߵĶһģȻ̴ͨϢ
˿׵ıӰݵӿһȦزģһˡ
ҺͲܽ㶼䲻ݣڿ̫ˡ
˵ǣϰɶ˾ӱһбײսʿŹǡ˽ȥֵȵȣģǴķˡ
˵˾ˣ˾ﷻȫǿвǨ޵ñȻʹ󣬻˻ʹԷΧǽѻʹԼҺ԰ȵӼ
ɶʱѵǺͼ飬ԡ࣬ȵůͣ·˾ȥǡ
ɶͬĴ󡪡Ҫ꣬Ǵģԣݼţһͺֲˡ
ɶͷͨǱȴµϢ˵ɳ˾VһٶȥѰ׳ջʵߣ߷͸˾ڻʹԷսƾ׳ջʵƣ˾Vʿʤʤ˾ױɱʬղᡣ
ɶʱɵˣˣʦô
˾V̫ˣ
˾׵ƨԭΪ˵õ˾׵Σӽ˾ףҲΪھǣˮ¥̨ȵ£˾׾þȨ֮λʼƮˣ˻ʹǽӾΪɱ˾ףȡ֮
˵ɳ˾V˻ʿ֧֣Ϻ򣴨϶˲˽ȥ֧Ԯɳ
ɳɹ֮󣬻ʵ۷Ϊ˾ӾٻȵȺǰһģһĽͣɳΪµ
ݴɳңʿ壬˳
ɳȨһ£޲ʹԷΧǽάҵϣ֮ǰżҪִƻʹڵҰȫ
ڶ£ǰ˾Υĵضλ˱ǿвǨգﷻ°ˡ
£ɳҵ˵걻ȻʺϷΪʥּʥּдҪ˾ɱ˾
֤ɽ󳯻ϣɳžʥּʹ飬ʵΪֳ˾ƽѩ
׳ջʵеʾ£˵˾ԩģ׷Ϊｫ˾Ϊ
˾ϴıֻԶڷ绪ïĶʮһꡣ
ɳ˾V¹ѻÿһѻΪ˱ˣһϹᣬѵı֣ԭȶĴɵĳҲò
ɳʵ˴˾λã޷ν˾ס
˾ˣɳλˣɶ˾ӱļƻȻ̥С
ʱʱҡ
һα˾װ·õگժңڶαɳ˾һ
˾֮λ
ɶǸư궼ûãѻۻ˭ɶ¶Ҫϵ꣬ӰڣռȻá
ĻȰүĪҪйɳո̨Ϊ˷ڣװӣʱһ¶ˣܹװһʱװһ̨Ҳˣ˶ޣʿ֧֣أһ̨ˣүҪסȴճɳİѱʦˣٴ
ɶһ룬ȷô£о׻ڵéӻأοǴ˾أ
ʾһɳʼˣȻ᷸һĴ󣬵ʱҾٴκɱɳ
˴죬ƲӣɶַֿģɳǸҪȳɳ͡
˵ǣúڼ䶼ڽ㣬ڸ˼
жˣ˱صķڷûгʲôܵ۶ӣԹﳭдҹ档
һֱصʮԪڲšͷš
ӷ˲ӶӣſڵСȺɩ
ǹ˾٫ûʲô飬סϵǹסڻۼ﹫ֻнȳϲż棬Ȼͬǣȴط־ӡ
ǹǽ˾׵Ůӵ׹ùãҲǵΪܳĹ¼֮ʱױʮʮױ
ǹĹݻغȥ˽״ֳ˲Цȥ£ϲʱ򣬷Աиµĺӣͷװ˺棬պöˣͳԡ
ǵŮЦΪЩǶͰʱڱǿףֹȥġ
ظϣϰһӣˮԱǸСӣװĺ춹ذ춹춹ˡ
ŮЦˣԭ춹ͽӶϴֵġ
ǹӹ̫ˣ趹¼ֱ̫ɡҲǹ̫ˣ˻࿴˳ֻۣ˶кӲܣֻսӶ
Īø飬һͬĴһƶ˵꣬һֱûкӡ
ûкӣϥ¿տգȴио֮š֮ò֮Ƶĵճá
شСͺãݼڣĶԴֶãȻ֮ʱôӳǽսƿҪֶȥԼϲս
ؾããķڷÿ˸ͷԡ
˵ûؼңͷˡ
˵лɩ˵
˵棬óһţҪתɩġ
򿪣ɷţҪӴŶ̻ؽϽҵǣ·õػͣѺͣ
ؽĸӵΪС֪ʮıӸɳ˴󵨵飬壬ȻŭҲӵӷ֮ˣֱдŸõأҪ԰ԴĸŪȥǻ
ȻӦˡ
˵ɩ˴ûȥʰһ£Ǿߡ
統ȻˣúӵĻ»ûôȥϣ
ʩչ֮ƣ޴ӷҵȻİţֻǣ̨в£ӵǰ;ҪȺøһ¡
׼˵:˵ˣͻСԸë꼤Ҫڼúö飬ĥĥӣ̨Ĳ¾ˡ
ñָˡ
籣΢ЦҲͶȽϺãüһʱʵԵҪõò˼ѣ͸ȥ̨ؼҶ飬Ҳá
ؼѱպ̣ɩ׼Եȥǣзݺȵȣ˰æɩ˲õģֻŽϸɡ
л˶ӻؼҡ
øոյң־ˣ֮Ҫȥϣǻһ˻û㡣
ͥԺָűԺǽǽãԼҵǽҲҪԼһʲôשʯȵȣԼǮȥҿɲһǮ

54 

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ֵ㶼ͱˣ㱳ʰо, ۵ͷˣҪٺ»Ρ
ַȥ, ôεӲһ¹Ǯɾʧѡ
ߣǽΪ˽ѵҪμס, ⲻ׼κ˰, Ƶ
ðûֿ࣬ʼש˫ִѪݣҲҧס
һ룬, ýŻӵ, ĥƵ˫, ֱɳ
, Ҫȥæ, Χǽһߵָɿһ, ǽҵ, ͵, ˭æ
Ӳ˲ϵ, һʱͲˣȥ档
Ҳųˡ
ӵҺԼּͭ棬ڻ硣Ҿˣġ
Ԫڣϵƻᣬȫǽҹ񻶣ˡ
õͷ䣬ȥȱ裬Ҫﴵ硣
ӽȥˣǲһᣬһʳлͷһðȵļţĲ裬мСġ
ȫǻӾͶűι
һˣιһĻδЩ۾ȿȣǶˣŮܲס
ӲغͷңҰæȲ裿
һҭҺҷǷޣ֮Ҫڡ
ӵǿˡ֮䣬ѵûô
ֶҭ֮𣬲H֮أܸιˮѾĻơ
ӵ˵غѾǲą̃Ĳ£ҲͲǳˡӽ쿪ʼֻҵѡΪѣ߲嵶ιˮʲôһܰǽء
ҭˣһͲù̫࣬һСǾЦˡ
Ϊ˱˵Ľַ˵๤Ļؼҡ
ú˲裬ǽ֮ҪҺĸȥϽҵ
һ㶣еĲ豭أ죿ʵ̫ͻȻˡ
ýһש׼˴ϷϸĨõĻϣľƽҺĸ취ʱ䡣
æʣˣ
ãûС
ӵȥҹùҪرߡ
õ岻ĻֲᣬӹܵġҪĺ͹ദǷӶûС
ʵϣصľǿƢǣ˲֪
ȻʺϷִʱڣ׸ʯڽ԰ᣬƳ֣Ư裬ϯ仹˰ӡ
ʯиϰȰơÿᣬҪŮԱȰ˺Ⱦƣ˲ϺȣͰȰƵŮƳȥͷΪ˲˺ЩƯŮǲҲúȡ
ΨأȾǲȣʯһɱŮȻϯ䣬Ʊ
֮õĸõأӣøȴΪԼˣ˵ɱԼū澣ʲô¡
Ϸ̫ӣȺͣΨغͼ˿ްͣϷŭ˽صץΣһǰ̳ˣ١
ǵ㣬ػүһֱУ˼ɱ˵Ŀ
سľǿԸŻѻĸӵ񽻸õܣΪһ϶ˣʲôʵۻʺ˵ĻʹҪ飬˭޷ֹ
ҲǲϢûзӦصԭΪظ˵ͨһ˾ʯһתơ
ӱĻϲط꣬ͻȻֻ֪ʱˣβ
ĿתĿǽãѵֻʱ䣿
ôأ
õǺɣż죬ҺĸײҲû취
⵹Ǹ취
æ˵Ͳܷ˲ںӶҲ벻ǻҽҡ
õһֱҲǰ취ںӶԵأҺĸײڴ˵ؾþӣ˵ˣǶְﲻǣк壿
ӱסˣúͲ߰Ը񣬿ɲǲͷ¶β֮
˼䣬ðƵǽˡ
һȥڿּ۴棬˼Ӹࡣ
ʱûطϴ裬Ӳ䵽ߣ˵Ҫȥˣôأ
βҲʱû뵽÷ӣ˵ĪԪڣ껹ûأ˵
һֹ۵Ըųɽǰ·
ӱȾˣͻȻ֮ţСϳɳٶ˾ͳɹֲܵ鶼ˣԸӦû⡣
ӻָ˾ʱŮѾ½ˮͰȥ÷䣬ӶðˮͰ档
֪ŮĪĸ綮ˣȥһĲˣһˡ
ӺŲ罭ϴ裬ȴԽԽʣżţϴ衭
ĶתĴˣ͵͵ܵõķ䡣

ԡˮ
һţʲôǺ˶⡣
ӵĶȾ֬໹ڵһֻСӣҲ죬Ұ衣
±Ƽӽ˷ַ֮ɿ˳ȥĴûˣ͵͵˽
ҿֻŲ࣬·Ϣ¶ˡ
ӲҸһȥ͵ϴ衣
ͣǺǴ󵨣һţˮȫϴĻ棬Ȼ۾ûĻȴ󵨵ĺܣʲôӶС
Ѿˡ
أԡõ˭
ЩԭֹĻ̱ˣصʵС
װֻҪҲþͻΪˣΪĶǷ
ǹһᣬʣ˭
Ӽ㲻ȥˣֲй¶ԼС˼ǷŵѧŮīƣɨ䡣
˵ˮЩһˮ
ӵǡ
ӸϽȥīƼˮǸյſڣ˵̫ԶѲ¯ϵĲ˹ǡ
¯ӸղϢĵط
ǣӡֻŲƿԡҷţһ÷㴫
ôʱƮ˵İ÷壬ͷ۾һֽƺڱĿɡ
ң̫ˣ
ŲѧѾߵС鲽ٿˮӾùˣͽͣ

ӾŲˮϸϸˮע裬ǵһƬƬ÷ˮ︡һŮģ
ż÷עˮߣˮõĴȻ¶һС顣
ӡŲĿ⣬̲סתϸơ
Ϊ˶࿴һᣬӹ⵹ļ
ʼնûкͣӾһֱ
ˮˮޣӵĶеʱ
źſˮˡ
Ӹߵſڣþ͵ҵָѪݣ꣬Ҳһ±
˵꣬ð۾ϵǿ鲼ݹȥȻǰһˣεǰͰ˫ΪſԵ¶󱳡
һɣỬ׵м仹մһʪİ÷
ӿˣҪѪ
²ӹԱߣòպˮõļ
ıδ˿ֻ­ȼһ̻ˣ˾ɣƮ
Ӳ֪ſԵҲ͵ЦҵСղŹĽŲصֻй͢еѬ㣬ͱ¶ݡ
ֻǣòϷ
վͷ羰羰ڿ㣬˼ȴһ

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ˮ̡
ĵһϸƤͦƤʵ, ô̵ˮݵȥ
ˣӻ, ֽˮ
Ҳ̣ҸˮɣӾͽԡ
̡
, ӵָļ, һþ, , ˡ
˸̥, ԡ, ˶˵, ֻˮ
õıˮ, , Ѫ, ԽԽ, СϺ
Ī
ˡ˵
᲻ãȷʵ޴ɲˣҸӴ򡣡
˵ˡõ, вŭ֮֮С
ֹֻͣǡ
Щ, һû꣨ءʵӻкηԸ
ͷҲа
ã, ¡
, ߵʱ˳õĲ貼ˣҵıҪ 
˸͵һĲӽԡͰˣ˳˸ղŵĲ
Ӹճԡþ۾һԡͰվһͰľˮ½ȥ
ԪڵҹĿ񻶡
һۺϹȥͭ¥ȼһյƣ꣬ˡ
˲䣬¥ֻƣҹգȫǵĻƼͬʱˣеƵĵطˣǾһԶžޣҹѣ
´˾ɳ˾VҲվ¥ϣҹ
ȨգԴۺȴǰӹۺƣ֣ͬԻͣСҹ漣ʤһս˾Vʶ׳ջʵͳλ˵ʵãֻǰ裬Ƕһ޶ġ
ɳ벻׳ջʵۣ׳ջʵҲ벻ɳ
һϹӺһȳӣȳҪϹӵ۾ϹҪȳӵȡ
ǰ˾Vûʸ͵ۺ󲢼վ¥ϸȫǵģһȫǵĻ𺳡
ɳ˷ܣۺϰˣ޶ãʵεĴ˸Ƿġ
һ꣬ʵ۵;ڼ˥ˣǰʵش󳡺ʱܿסԼı飬ڽ£ʧأ˷ŻʵȥСƬ̡
Ѿͳɳ̹Ըʵ壬ɳ֪δЩǣʺ󣬱µ塭ѾȥĴл٢ֿҽͺˡ
ʱɳôϣʵ۳꣬ꡣ
˾ˡݵͷҲϣܹҵҽֻǻϾãֽܰһжҽϣ볤ɳ׼Ϊ̫ܣһЩ롢ᣬĵƵ񣬶˳Ľ̫ܣϾͿԶϢ
ɳֻжʮ꣬൱ᣬʢ˵ʱ˲֮ԭɶɱ鳼˾ףûϵһˇɶʦһֱ΢¶㣬ץסѱַ΢Ի̫֮ʱã΢ø˵١
ɳѣżõ̫ܵ֡ʵƥ䣬ֻĸ졣
Ǿ䡰˾˾ȥɱȨ˾ϡȦδֹۣĲ㰡ҪεȵزأҪǰ߿λá
ɳҲѹô룬΢޷ı䡣΢ĻģᲢãϾľСѾ壬ӻڽܭǣ΢ǵֻҪԸЧҳ͢ͻָλúűǡ
ɳǶʩķӣ˾׵ӻֵͦģԽʾĿʴȣܶʱһжĶ϶ߵλá
Ͽɳɳ뷨Σ˾ȥ˴󹦵ģĨɱͰմ˾˼ȥ
ɳ˵ʺּܲ
æ˵󹬲ø˾ǧҪҡ
ǰ֮ȻʺϷʮִɱϣֶγ̫ơʿũ𣬲켺ý赶ɱ˵ֶΣٴʥּó˾ɱ˾Ȼжĥɱ¿ʥּǼ٣ɱ˳
Ϸʿͻ嶼ӰǶϣֵڶϷ硣С˳ӵĻƿʺ󷴶ǶԻʺҪ
ԣʹһֲٿأŮƵʺλõļ鳼㱩ʬͷȳһ̯飬壬ʧȥɽĻʺλȻ䣬Ϻ֮١
ݶȨЫǺ´ʿͻȻʺϷĿ־壬ݼڣҪʺ
ݲںʺ󣬵ʺΪӵĻԣʮֽⴥŭʿͻ塣
ɳļɻ䣬ǣֲĴȨʲôԼ⣬ϣڴϺͻҹͨɲҪᣬͻˣ䣬˵Ȼʺ󲻷㣬Ժ΢ͺӹ顣
룬ܾɳɳδ뷨ܶͨ¼ɡ棬ʵ۸ǸӣӶж೤ˣĸ׼Ϸɱ˳˾⣬ɳϲ
Ψһܹóֵģֻӡ
ݵ˾ԡ
Ԫڵƻᣬӻ֪ѾΪĹˣֺͭ棬ʦա
οӻϲԵĿּҵĴ档
һδĿĵĹ仨ƣѵϾʱ⡣
ƵĶ
ʣ˭
ҿǲҲˡ
ȥʱ򣬾֣ͨ˹䵽һͱ粨ǰ
£ˣֻúùβ͡
ЦİɣһǵһǣڹŲŲٳˡ
˵ȥԪڷ粨˴ɱ˾׶һȥ˾׶ˡǸūߴ̿һֱϢҪɱѾˣԺҲ֣һ׮Ҳ֪𰸡
Ԫڴ̇尸Ϊ˾ȱūߴ̿ͰܵĺӶΪˡ̿͡˾̿Ϳ϶ٳˡ
ȥԪڣҲ겻ѣһ귢̫飬ҲǸߴ̿͸ˡ
һֱĬͻȻ˵ҴŲ³Ǹߴ̿˭ˡ
ʵ˭
õ֪˭û֤ݣԣڻܸǡ
èצƵģãֻ˵һ뻰ϰߺǷᰡ㻹粻˵ءװһĪӣ̫ˣ
õ͵û˵
㡪ҪץñʣмȰͣĪҪֳˣ˶ӡȥˮߣ٣йܡ
Ҳ֪̿˭
ñŮߴ٣ֲû֣û֤ݣ˵ο˶ûвӦֻɱ˾ףΪ˸СҹҲĶ࣬ۺھᣬǲס¾ʹ˽ҹɡ
У
ӵ̿ҽΪҪЮ㻹˵ûв
ӻںӶġ
õû˵Ӷ
ͷԷ籩һĲ£ɳԣʱɳæ˾ƨУӣɳвС¡ûô嶯ɱ˾ף϶ƶʵļƻƥ֮£д̡
˭أʶÿһˣ˵Ϊ˼˸ôӦ˾ɱȫңСҹ˴󹦣ۺ󡭡
ʾ£ҲŬȥÿһˣߣոǿҳ𡭡
أһߴʿﶨ
ѿڶۭ󽫾µһУξػδ빬˺۸ĸ󣬾ͨ籨ţɱ˻Ҹʴȥġ
ۭڻʹȻʶӺͺӶˡҲܶԵϣǡ
ۭһף˵ۭ˵Ǹ¶Сĸ˫˾ʱͷھǣļҳ𣿡
ѩʶĹǳӣ治סˣ˵ȥԪڷ粨̨Ϣͨһֱе̿Ŀ书ǿʶÿһˣӦþ빬͢˾г𣬷Ĳ̫ࡣ
ۭĸ˫常ۭ¡ۭ¡ݴʷȥ˾ʱļۭ¡ۭ¡ֶۭᱻۣܾ˾ס˾ΪɱӺɱݣۭ¡ȫұɱ⣬ۭɱ˾׵ԭ򡣡

56 ì

ʱһ, ̿Ŀȴûʲô, ֪Ͳ֪ûֲۭˡ
һۭû˵ӶıģǶۭΪ˸ľٶ
, ȻۭܺӶ, ͨƵͶۭĻ, ֮ıֶһֱֲ, ˻, º͡
ýҿյ, Ӿ, ԭۭػδ빬, ɱȫҵćδ빬, Ҫס֡
˵ۭӦѵĻ, ȥԪڴɱǸոյ֪常ȫұɱج, ŭ֮д̣ûܵļƻ̫çײ, ˾߻̫࣬Ǵʧ, ǲνųɳ, ˾, Ϊ˸𡣡
̾Ϊֹ̫ˣһ꣬ңųƤӵתҿ̲ס
ۭȫ֮˼˾궼ÿһҶԼһģʵȴ꼰ö޹ˡ
ۭǸ¶常İΣܾӦ˾׵ȴ֮ǸʱԤдα˾ףڴ˾׵Ĵյǡ
˼֮֡
ǹỻλ˼ñΪȻģһ֮ģᷴ˼Լ
ۭ常ܾûд˵İΣֶۭΪʣᱻ
ӣҲôΪһУҲΪԼļˡ
뵽û¹ƻˣ˸ƹݣŷ㶡
ʱӺңҪˣۭҲҪˡ
ҪѲôὭϽҵҲǱԼļˣûд
ģĸװ˼ҲΪ˱ŮΪףǶԵġ
ŶͷЩøӣÿ˶ǶԵģΪ˼ˣǴҵ治һ£ͻôô죿ûоȷİ취
ԽԽңǰ˻Σιôˣô书߻ħӡ
˽̫࣬Լ
ӵô֪ʲô
õ֪ģȷ˶죬ϣҪ̫䣬˺ܲöʡһЩľ̿ȡůǮ̿ϣԽԽã˶ˣ̿üǮ̯ؼʱܸ˴һ⡣
Сҹǳս˼ʧȥ˶Ӻɷ򣬵ǷĹײ̺Ķ׬˴ǮײĻûȥˣ˵ײϰЦǮǴ𣿡
ÿڲ˵ãһӰӷҵ˼۵һ
Ӹղſǵ⡣
౻ƽȥˣǰûдƫƫìܵġ
ʵã࣬սթ˵ô죿
д˸ޡ֣޽⣬ûа취쳾Ǹìɵģ˵Կ࣬˼
̾˵ҲǣѹôҪɣΪѡ񡣡
ÿͨ͸δأֻҪìܣɽҲס
һԴˣ÷ȽϵĿľǴܶԷ򵥡
ÿ˵Ͳ룬Ӿͺ߳Ͼۭ常ȫ֮żӵĹϵ
һ޽⣬ܽ⿪Ľᡣ
²ߣúͻعϢ
ؼ·ϣսþûˣ쳭ҹ棬Ǳһ£ɹǡ
ñʾܾˣҪؼҺĸһü޵顣
ࣺ£
ãǿн͵ҵ뿪
˵˵Ҽװɽߡ
õǵء
ؾǿȫ֪̽Ϳŵһǣһ̱ȭǣԵټ
඼ĸӿ϶Ҫˡ
δ빬ӻ̫ˣ絽ݵŮǲвƽ浽°ҹһ㶼˯ü
ҡͷû
ݵʣǲǹˮǰˣʱȷ㡣
˹ҪĲʣӳˣ
ʣʲôˣ
ӲܸĸۭУξĴɱ£ֻ˵Ҫӷ˺ȥҵ
ȻһУ겻СõĻ»ûء
̾غͼûдΪ˱ˡûֹǵɡοѵѾȥˡ
סӵ֣⺢ӽô֣㲻ܷˣ𣿡
Ӻ󣬡ҵȻǡǻụ̂ҾѾˣǣֲ
ΧһתģҪǣǾͱ£Ҳмˡ
ϴϴ˯ˣݶ룺ӣʵǲļ˰
ǣ͵תλһжˡ
װ˯ĸˣ۾ĥõ⣬Խ޽⣬Ǹѭ
ӽȷĴ𰸣ȴǾ俴Ļɨǰѩǹ˪
ڴϷҹ޷˯һˣԪڱǲ֮ҹҹ񻶣ûڻʹﶼǶٶʮﷻ϶̻֮
ɴ𴲣Ŵδ빬εҲˣѲߵУξۭ
ʲôʲôۭó·񣬡캮ضģ·нҪСġ
ӺѵۭУξֵ
ۭ˵ԭˣֻҪؼҹڣͼžۣҷһˣͺǻ˰ࡣ
ۭǹ¶常һұ˾ɱ˹¼ҹˣһ˳ԱȫҲ˹Բڻһˣɴ࣬ù򷢼į
ΣҪʹֵҹһڵˮѩ׵ˮͷһкõ⣬öѳСɽ
§ŴԡͰ˳͵Ĵ˯ġ
գɳͷŽܭ˾ӵ飬˵һжʮǡ
ɳո̨ǽŵʱ򣬻ҪʾԳɳľΡɳ˵һӲ˵
ɳǳأǾǳ漰Ҫ£Ҫҵͷͬ⣬Ҳר
ĵ׾񲻺ãµͷҡͷҲԽѣĸҪܻɩ֮𣬻Ҫ˾ú󹬸ٲҪһ»ҵְ𣬵ɳӦ棬ۻ˸ʡ
Ӿȥ׳ջʵ۵ϹĶӴ˾ĸֹģѧŸ׵ּд֪ˡ֡
ֻʽѣʽֲС
絽ʱ÷ɿ죬ֶˣǿ꣬ʡֱһѷڰϡ
аӾˡ
˵ˣٿһġ
ոգպࡣǿ̾壬ȴòôۣΪʲôҪ
˵壬û˭изȨʮһյĽһֻİ׳ջʵۣ̫ʱھͿʼ̣β룬Ӳ̹ᷳ׳ջʵ۵Ůӡ
Ӵδжŭ߲ͷʱ
ӵıԹЦϴ󲿷ֹԱĲ¾ˣûʲô壬ֲòԼҳԵ֡
˵ӾûʲôñԹˣ
еܶ
ӵʦͽ
˼˵ѧеʵͽ⡣
˵ΪʷֵΣĸһ죬ûӳȥһ㣬ȴתʱܺӲܡ
ʱ֣źﷻĴſˣʱ
úͲһţ͵͵Ӻߡ
ߵﷻţſϹˡ
簡һɩʹֶҪȥδ
ѻھŶĸ׳ȥߣȥˮߵ÷
æҲȥɰ
ɺϣǹġ˵סǸּΪ˼λλãҲ빼ֵи
òţغȻⲻܣӿٵĺܣŲдˡ
صغӦȫһǮסһһǮԴ͵͡

57 ج

ܸɵó, 飬ھӼ泤źϲƣһ·Ϊ, ڶȥˣ·Ҫȥˡ
ʱӵĲΪδѣŷƷ裬ھ̫˽ˣ޾֮⣬Ͻ·ҳ˫ַ
ڲĶӶ, Ϊ»ʱľȣһٵյо, ֲоǮͲˡĸӾô𣿡
Ȼʼٲȵˡ
ұԵȫһǮ
ţһľǿƢӶװ, ǵ, Ҳĸӵ, ȥˮһҪһȥ
ظһŹƤҩŲĸӡ
ͷ, ҲĸӷҺǸˣЩȨ, ӵġ·, ҪŪԶԶĲ, ߡ
Ӳϣ, ĸصƢ˵һԶˣҪ˾Ҳδؿȥ
ݳüչһԣһɹأ
һ飬ݴʷпȱԴȥ˾ɱݴʷۭ¡ȫңλһֱû˶ϡ
ȥͳɳ˾VݴʷİţɳûԭֱӵͷӦ
Ӷ˼ˣԱҵһ֮˽Ϊ˴
̹ףɳҲ˵˴ʵصĳͲܶ䵱ݴʷϷ޹ؽҪԭλãͲܹⰲŵˡ
һֽ⵱͵õ飬һӣ屧ȥˡ
Ȼܾ˭Ӷ
Ȼһء鴫
ʲôӶ뾡ˣβܿ쵽˵죬ñ뿪
һУ͵ſڣĸţܣȥɣһʱдš
ģӲζУ͵ҵҪߵģʱһ뷨ӻص
Ӳصˣɴ˵
ӵȻ᲻ãĴĻء
˵ˣᣩ˵ҵǸõطԭǷ֮أҶˣƺֹʵҲãŵȳɳ˻̫ܣҸλͣҾʹŸĸ󣬻ҽһ϶ȥҵԶԶԭԶ
ŬЦݣʱȫ϶ɣȥҵͶǣڽϲˡͲܷڽҵ׼ţɺã
Ļ룬ˡȻÿһεĶʤһ뵽ۭȫ֮ϲͬǵ;Щʤ޹֮˵Ѫȣûʲôɾ͸УеֻǸǰС
ʲôʱܹװѾͺˣ롣
ãҴӦ㡣㲻Ҫ̫࣬Щ޽飬վ޽⡣Ҳûõġ
е̴ɣҲ֪
ôÿ
Ӹ̾ãǺεȵء
ͷĵ߰ɣǻڡ
⻰ôô֡
һ仰˸УһЦϳӡ
úͲڱѩڡһĴ뿪ǡ
һأë׵СӣӣΪԵĻʱڣѾ³
ɳ˾VµĴ˾Ѿվ˽Ÿҵõ˳ͻҵһͬ
ɳڷܣػңʲô۶ӣϧգʿĹϵҲάϵĲ
ݴɳҪΪ̫ˡ
ɶ˾ӱҲסˣһֱųɳ˾ס˾һӸλҰͣʼͷųУΪԼܡ
ǳɳһֱûͣ෴ԽԽǫѷԽԽˣҲԽԽ
ҪǣɳԶĻѪͳһǽ۵Ķӣʵ˾Ե׵ܵܣʼѪͳ
һɳҲײΪ̫ܣһȷ˴λ֣͸ʦˡ
ô죿
ɶıԲߡ
˾һͳΪһȻҲκӶൽҪ˯˭Ƿ׷ſ۵򳵡
Ӷ࣬Ȼ࣬ʮӣڶ۰һķ˵ɳ˾VҪ̫ˣʮ˭
ǸҸоãǽ۵׶ӣɳãҲã
Ǻɶ˾ӱһǷ׷Ӧ
ɶָһ㣬ɳֻʮӣǵӼһʮ֮࣬ѹɳ
ôˣɳǸĿǰҲʱİѱʦ
Ǵɻ䡣
ô죿
ɶ˾ӱΪ׵ڷǿʼͷԷ籩ǻģҵĽڡ
ɳҲѱǾһ°¡
˭°ӣ
ɶ˵ʺĸף֮
֮ڼ
֮Ǹƽӹʿ壬ƾǵķṦΰԼһ˺ͻ˾ҵͨ飬̩ɽڴʿĵλųϱ͹úˡ
֮ŮݵĻ¶޷һְ죬ܸʲô£
£ֻˡ
ȥ鳼㱩ʬͷŮ֮ʬģɶɱ˳֮ȫңҲ֮ʬ˰ᡣ
ɶҵ֮İѱ˵鳼ᣬңͶα˾ס
˾̨ʱƾŮʺĹϵɴ
֮ͬ鳼㣬Ϊʬȫǽ֪
ִֵ֮ĳɳᣬǱΪ飬£ʵͼı棬ϵȡ֮
Ϊ˿壬άͳ
ɶ˼룬ڷ׷׽кãһַͨ顣
ӣҷɵĴַҲǣɳ˾Vֺ֮ȻĿ
δ빬
ֱ˵˵ֵĻʺݶ̲סƢˡ
ַͣ顣
ɳ˵˹ɡ
ݵǴ˾Ĵʵ˳ɶĲ㣬Ҫ̫֮λڳʦ͸ҵĸ֯Ѵ˾ǣȥ
иǳĹ£Ҫ򣬻Ҳڣ
˵ַѾˣ˲֪ɶҪ̣Ҫ̫ܣҰǴ˾游Ĵ֮λ޴ǣǶҪһ취
ɶҰģǰոչǾžȻңɳԳɶ׼ֻû뵽ô졣
ɳֻжʮ꣬ʢ£˵ɶƱǿڣʵԼļʮӣ෪ֻ֧ϣŴ򵽾֮󣬷һȡ֮ʮӿƿ£ʵһɢɳɳĻȥ˵ɶŵǵģھͿԸĸ࣬ȷֻǡ
һ˾˵ɹֻ߽ӣǲǾͲٴˣ
ۭȫŲҾ磬Ӷս֮пʶһսֻսʤߣõô󲿷ֲսߣʵûʲôӮ֮𣬴Ҷҡ
ɳÿζʤˣԴ˲ֹۣҲϣ̸ܹУҪɸ꣬궯ԼɱԼˣս˥ܣȥǲеģһսܻˡ
ô෪ɳ˳ۣʵԻãԽãԽ˳ۡ
ʱǸͷ
Ӻֻ꣬µİӣҪʼһֵˡ
ɳ˵ơ˵ļƻˣأһͲǺϢ
￩һ£뻹бȳɶϢ
жʺ񣬡ʺ󣬹ַ֣֮Ҫɱ֮󣬵̩ɽѾ˽ɥʺڰ
֮Ȼˣ

58 һ·ϣһ·

֮ݸŮ, ׵ųǹģŮųαװġ
ǿȻʺϷ类ܭǵӰ֮£ųݵıɫ, ʵʵһֱ취ΪԼ㹻ǿԽһнˣ׻һ̣Ļʹġ
ݵĸ׹磬һֱû, ͯŮʱŮĸ黹ǲġ
ݽʺ, ֮ʵԸģ̩ɽһѾʺˣٳڶʺ, ο޸׳ջʵ۵ܻʺ, ԼԲûмֵ
ة˾׵ǿѹ, ֮òͬ⡣
Ӵˣһ빬ƺݺ͸סͼĹϵ͵ˡ
ج, һ£ץסݰı, һŻ, ˵, ȥһ, Ҽݸס
ӴĸףΪ֮ʹӼݹ֮ͬȥ
˶˰ɫļţϣУ游Ѿȥˣַо游ǲǾʦˣ
Щ̣Ǿʵһɶ˵ηʵַϵĸ
֮֮һ
Ժ
ˣһ˿Ҳûˡ
̩ɽĿǰûˣЩûгʵȨĴǰ֮ҳ˺˾ף;ǸʿҲͨ顣
磬ϡ
һʱѲĸ͵ҵؾ̩ɽϵ
صĸϣҲϵļ塣
ǹҪøĸϵı֣ӻصıŮء
̩ɽ϶ݵĵĮӺҵ˶죬游֮ʱããһȺͷΨһ׾Ȼϵء
ڻͲĸȥ˽ҵص󣬳͢Ҳڹ٣һֱϸΣôһֱѵϵ˽Ҳ
Ǻܿ죬֪Ҫʲôˡ
֮ȥ֡ƻͷӽ쿴ַװƲڼ
϶γɶͳɳ֮ҪŰݷ֣ɳߡ
ȻӷֲԾˡ
ﳵˮСȫǸţ⳵
װϵǧ˽ڽѲߣҼһŴ󿪣ūǴӵ˵ϻţ
ƣϼԶţ
ߣǰȥϼҼ棿
סѲֵأҪȥ
صȥϼҼ롣
ִУЯĲƸˣɵйҪսĲ˽һ·ͣٷˡ
˫ս£Щһֱż岿ѵսǼġ񡱡
Ӻɻ󣬡ʮһŹȥ꣬Ҫˣ
ǰոջȥ
صЩ⣬һϼҼ롣
ھԭûиˣȥ
ע⵽Ӵĳһɥ˼ңص׾˾ղҲ֮ϼ
ϻϼҼ룬ΪذѾ˾һҲȥ
һͷˮҲö˼ʣʿ嶼߰Ҳǿʿ塣ܶʱʿݻ֮ϡ
ȥּңüҴŽſڵ̨׶̦ˣһû˾ס
ǿԼȥõļңߵּҵš
ãû˻Ӧ
ֻϺװ
׼óһԿף˸üҵĴšǲģ˵ֻҪҼҾңҼҴʱΪ
ӲŻ̦޺üңûˣӾһ˥֮ݴӵطҰȻ˸ѣһСУӵĸĸȥСιʳ
ӾֱߵԺİһӣ˳ǽͷ
ּҵͥԺֲȫܳԵĹԲ˷κһյأǽһŴ
ӴǽͷϣȻ˳֦ҿһֱѧգ˵ܴ򣬵ǽȫû⡣
˶۵޻£еˣˣٲҾͰ޻ժˣ
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ŹȣŲЬˣժû͸óԵġ
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Ӵֵɫҿɫ
֣عⷵնѡ
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һҭϺӶˣɴֱ˵ɶָ¹Ϊ壬ʵǱƹǸΪ̫ܣܹܲܰ
ֵˣˣأܲϣҵ䣬Ѿٵ˴Σʬλزͣϻ硣֮λ
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ֵͷµ̫ˣΣܲТ٣ǸҲӣϱТġ
˵һӰˣԼĸĿ𣬸Ա˽֪Ŀʣ
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ݴʱѾʧȥ׵ʹŮĽңʿ徭Ķһֱּ崫УÿһгɫӸλȻǻˡϼʷ˾Ҳżꣿǳء
ʿ壬֮ǰϡͷɵӡ㣬ܹᵽɽζǰ˾״˾ףɳ˾V˾ףʦģڳɶ˾ӱַҸ׵Ҳдȥܺס֪գƭʿ尡
ʿ忴ɶıʮֻλɶ˹أƻ򣬵һ߶ûеʱ򣬴Ҷѧģûеߣͻҡ
ϿԤе¼ңͼǨƣ뿪籩ǡ
ݵжǵģۭϸûлϼңǼ£һֱϣ˳ɾҪȥϽҵͶõĸˡ
ڴͬʱһСƮڳϣţð緫˷ˣȹ˺嫵ĳˮﳤ
һ·ʱĸӵķһ·򱱡


59 Ǳ

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ʮ˱Ǻͽ⣬ս֮˭ʤ˭Ķ˾ҵˣʹɶ޹֮ʮ㻹øı֮ǧ
Ҳ̼һδιУϣʮ˻طأһĺҰ֮󣬲ȥ¼۰
д෪õͬһģ壬ֻɶŵ棬۾λأҶ㡪ֻҪʿƻطأʲô̸
ɶ˾ӱչһƣЦҪ˻طأԹԵһߣʮΪʲôھǲϻȥʲôУɱ˾ס˾׵ʱǿ壬άҡǹУı棿ʮҲ̫Ҫˡ
ɶóɳǸ˫깷ʷܱʼ飬ʮţ
ǵĸΰĵһͳɽԭǧιϣϷ磬˾ףҳӻǲðΪ۵ĶӣǹʳѰ
й֮ݵݣΪҺǷŭ֮㹴ᣬΪŮıûʺ֮λ͸ҷϵĻλҪˡΪ˱˾ҵĻλһַϭģ˾Ƽʻҵķǣַ֧
ʱ̵ȴʮ֮ͷӦҵģȴû뵽ʮȻΪѾ죬Юֻʵۣα飬ַֹܵʮ簡ϣ;֪ͶԻҵĿƣԼĴ󡣡
ˣҿ϶ɱʮ磬һᱣļˣһȥ
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ɶæ˴ϲ衣
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α˾״λ˵ۺݱڽܭǣļ٣Ҫðۺõگ飬ȥȱ˾ɴ˵÷Ԫ˧ǣɱα˾ףۺӽܭǾȳ
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鱨ǣ͵ɳ˾VУɶţҪǰ׼
ӳճյĿſڣýʣأ
˵ѾӪڳɶӪﵱߡ

60 ঻ͤ

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61 Ҹˣ˲ɸ

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ײ֫ͷԼ֮ˣ˵ģɣȫ⽻ʻ㣬˵ү֮ӣ͵֮£Ӣ۾֮
û˵Ҳû˵ȫǳ滰
Զūֳ֧ɶǽͷݶѣֻ׹ս
ɶʤˣԨͳɶ
ɳʤˣԨͼɳ
ֹ̬ȣ࣬ųɶͳɳһء
׸ǣԸȥס
·ϣˣףūҪû٣㲻ʺˣ
ҸղȷϹˣɶĿֻгɳһˣǰѪѵҿңʺ󡣺οһ˫üͷ常ū죬ҪʲôҾ͵ʲôû常һͷ졣
óַ飬һǳɳɱɶģһǳɶɱɳ֮ģַͬʱ常У常ȥκһҪҹɶղź̸Ӯⳡսͷ常Ϊūڡ
ԴӲܲٷūΪ岿ūڲַֺ̲Ϻϣǳ͢ûдȷ˭岿֮ףȷԨΪڣôԨʵ϶õ˫ȷǷ
Ǹ޴ջ
ʣɳ常ŵʲôô
ָԶս͹£ɶΧģֻзͨνʳɳģڣ常϶ɶġ˾ҵ飬վҪ˾ҵԼ

62 Ӵ

õȻ˾Լ飬Ϊ
ױ, һʱƿԣֻΪ, ˾ҵٶҵ¡
׵СӲҪ̫ţɶ, ʵ
ָ½½ֵܵͷ­ǹ裬СıǳԵϽһҪȻġ
׻ȥ, ûصӪʣҲоڳɶΣ, Ұﲻʲôæˣ׵ľǶԵġ
뵽һ, ȥɶ˾ӱ, ˾ӱװҪĻŴӾͰӪȺϢ
ɶ뿪ȥĸ׵
õһսʤķתɶ
ɶȤ, ý
ɶֶкƣ
˵Ҹү˵ͣȰɳͶ
ɶԼĽ, ûָսĲ, ֻܿΧ, ˺սΧ, ɳͶãǡ
ɶóһżͳɳżȰ˱ȰͶػʮˣǸִʡûõģ˽ԣʤ˼սۣͶ
ｧ֮սɳָӵõʤ࣬ѾΪսˡ
˵ɳһֱʤ̣Ų˼ˣƲӵĴ죬ʳϹû졣˿ڶ࣬ռϾʮ򣬱Χһ£еĴӦúľˣΧȥҪ˳˵ĲҾ磬ľӻ𻩱䣬ҲԹ޳ɳ䱻Լɱ翪ͶܱסȫǵҲᰤ볤ɳῼҵĽġ
ɶ룬ʣȷܹ˵ɳ
õҲȷʵ˵ʵëԼǵ˵ͣΪүǳ˽ģҪǿҴȡҴȣ¼ҴǰҴֻһӣҵܵܶǼҴȸ߰ǿ븸ײͣΪӣӦТ˳Ҵȡүдɳ
ţһʮʳǣԱʾүȰĳ⡣
óúÿᶨһͺϣһֱ˵Լ˽ģóɶѻ
Ϊĸ׵˽ıΪ˳ɶİҵӿš
ɶܵһýǣӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
ǣһ°빦
ɶʣȷʳľ
÷ʣүѵûע⵽ǷĴһļ˵Ѿ˿ʼˡ
Сࡣ
ɶ֪֮õƾԼڵսָӲܣ޷ǵġһֱŰΧɺţľҲáοҪЩű֡Բɵķӡ
˼ȨףɶͬõҪʹڣԼȰ黹жʮʳǡΪʾԼнĳ⣬ɶҧҧ
ôʳյͷȥ
ͬʱǣʹ
Ϧ£˳ʱ
˶ߵ얮
һ߸룬뷹ˣһ裬һƷϲӵһ֡ײ͡˾Ǻףò֡
ǲӽϴ衢ǵĺӣң뷹˷ֱһˮһƵĸ⡢һ벻֪ʲôҶѵǲҶͷϴ裬붼̲ˣֻװǳǳһ룬ǿס׶ѣھͳԵˡ
ӽ̲˵ˮ򵥵ĳ붼û˵ҳԱˣǰЩȥʳ
ɫݻƵĹĭǡ
ӽˮ֭ȸɾˣ˸ˮ
ǰĶ֬ˮʳﲻϾѣֻӴ˵ѣʳָǡ
а/ˮԾͺܲˣɳ̵ִˣͿʼԲŸӶ󷹣ֶԲ̲סƨ
ˣûеơͶˡ
ӽ¹⣬ȥĸ׵ʱֻĸż
Զĸ׷Ÿι£ٳһڰɡ
ʵۣԲԣ̫ѳˣ
ݣҪѵġ
ʵۣҲҪԺ⡣
ǽƬΰͣȵʮֵϣŽȻľ̿￾죬㡣
ûˣˣǣȥɱ˳ԣȥʵŪⰡ
ֻƭˣѾȥϢһ⡣
ʵŲˣҳ˼ڣ˴ϴ˯
ӽ¹⣬ݳԸ׳ʣµķˣǾģĸΣѹ˻ȥ
պˣһӣͷóһѼһֻռ
ʹżǧˣȴҪԷÿҪҲˡ
ʿսңϰߴܳ԰ʳ򣴨ңﻹܳԵʵļ
Ӽ͵ʳ͸ӡҲͣǼܵϸÿζҪķѾţ֮͵Ŷ͵ܳ͵
ûпѣ¹˺һֻȾͿУһھҧ˴롣
ŵøϽˮԣҭţһֻأʮ
ЩԼ͵͵ʡġ
м⣬˵ҳһֻȾ͹ˣʣµĶָĸǡ
ʣӷأ
ӵֽӻȥˣʮҾſգǰʳԣ˵ӷ˱ϾҸһϱģòųԱ˼ҵķ
᲻ò磬ܲòڹԼʣҪȻؼҡ
ǸԸ񣬾ͻص䷹ȥˡ
⣬־Ȼ˴󷽣ʳɹˡ
ӵĴֲֵ˽軨׷ѡ
ԭˡ࿴Ӷʼ¼ͷˣΪβʿԮ
ʿĿǰ
ҧͷŹ裬˾ҾǶҲʿҪ
ϵ⣬ӶûУҪʿӵأ
ʿŻҵͷ
ҵʿʳ
ҾǸɺţʿܲŻҶ˭ȱס
һġ
ͷȥˣδָ
ʵڿȥˣóһϹ˹ǣ㿴ҶƤˣͳ˰ɡ
ûסջһڣʳȴС
ӸϽ˽ӵݸȥԣҸղѾԹһֻȣһˡ
Ͻ֮Դߣա
һγԱ˵ˣͷ˱󣿡
ҡͷɶÿڹ³ɳĴ⬾ҿЩڹĶԱųţǲȱʳȻһֱΧš
ɶ˱ͷҲûľȼݣǳһµ
ˣǽģȥ¥
಻ϴͷΣգʳһٱ򲻵ͨѾʼϴˣ
Щ忪ʼʩһЩ࣬һָǿ˰ˡ
ȨƵ˼ʩҲ֮٣Ϊ˷գЩΪ˻ȥʳĻʿ˵ļǧ˽Ҳᱻʮ򼢶İ˺ġ
ֻҪпȣͶϣֻҪЩ˾Ͳ¡
ˣԽѹǲˣҲɿɳɶǲǾͲΧǣҲġ
һĶͷϹ롣ɶͼַģɳǰˣûа취ֻøĿ˵Ҫɳ游֮Ҫ򣬻ҲڣĴǳɶҰġʵûгɶҲʲô뵱̫ܵķڵġ
˵强ۭýˣŶʮʳڳַ񡣡

63 

ˣˣŶʮʳˣ
ʱﻶȸԾ, μвںҿAPP־λֻʮʱ顣
, ȥҲס, ոճ˶͵, 
سǵʿÿͼٵͣҲÿ˶ܳԵֻҪվڵʿϢʿֻܿ˯
ôųӿʱ, ڽʿΪԼþˣϵĶȻǳԵģ
ͨʱֱӿһ䵱
ŵʿʮ˵طᱻ·ϼߵģʮʳΪ꣬һ·ȥ, ٻܴؼһȥ
һжȻزˣɽ¿ʱ, һĴ̡
ʿЦ, ʿǲȱʳǮ˻һٱļ۸Ե, ͨ˾ֻܶϴˡ
ǵѾõԤõǲûˣŪڹ, ¯
ͭʮڴ, տˮͶʳ, ʲôͷӣʩ
ʿʹˮ, ŴӽϿȫװʿؽά, ֹӡ
õ̫ϡ˰ɣ
ʿָŶŵһߵļ, һˮͶιһ죬ʳٻܻ졣
ôСųֳ棿
ȥǲеģٹʮ죬ҪӶʳˡ
ԭֻǽ˵ɳͶǣѾΪһ
ɳ뿪ͶǾҪ˳˵ĲҾˡ
˼ţӺࡣ
ؾۣ໹ãˣۿݣһСƴһ㣬Գ
СȻģõǱһ䴩Ƶģģĵۡ
Сûܱ
ۡӼֻлϲķץסֲϷţ۾޲ڳճϡ
õ
ҵþǺÿǻɹӣѩ̿ͳԵģΣ
ֵļ˵ڣֻǿɵЦ
Ӻɰһѹӣǽǿţ΢Ц
ȿڣĸںδȥ
Ӷˣĸײ϶Ҳڰĸ״СӣпڳԵģ϶ιӡ
ӵӵлвٴ
ǰ˵ͭʩʳ׷׶ҪʩᣬϵԽԽ࣬鲻ԽԽ֣ȺӵȺＷһ·
м񿴵ƥȴߵʳĿ¶׹⣬鲻ԽΧ
ϰЩγķɽ¹¸Ӻ䣬Щ׹⡣
·͵ʿһãһãӺʩ˶ʮʳ˼ҹһ£
ˣǺ¶м֮ɫģľʣһСзߺ֮ɫ
ƾʲôǶţǻ
˼ǰУ;Ǻ꣬÷ſҲųӣ˶棬г͢ĵײԱŶӣſƮϤĺǡ
ǡþԼһٵǣеһжô˼飬һѲج
˵ǺֻͨĺˣʲôûУÿǮֻǮ˲𡣶һӦÿŶӲ˵ÿֻ
ٸǮһٱ
࿴𾪵񣬿ЦһٱļˣʲôĶһٱ֬̿˹Ǻʵÿ춼Ǯ⣬ӪҵҵϰǸ˰һиġ
˵ŽſڻϵĲ˽Էֹȥٺ
ʮҾſգ󲿷Ѿ϶ȥ˽ҵػʱǧಿڻǧھǱˡ
õ֤ͨӻˣҲϽţͷ̫ңΪ˰ȫӷס
־Ȼھӣùۣóһӽ飬Ӧùĸ׵ס޺ͷǮ
ſˣһ§סúӣˣһԲá
ȿȣֵӷˣԼҸɷܵǣˣ㻹ɿø֣ĵ£أɺͳ
뷨ҵģƾʲôһҪ˳ɷ򣿡۹ȥҺʱ峤һ·񣬵ڶҪȥˣ˴Ҫɷ𣿡
һҭ˵û˵㡣
Ǿ˴˱졣
ڲġ֮£ͷȻĲҳˡ
Ƣ»ôţֲָ͸ΪԸСġ
ֵ˵ǳɶǰĺˣŶʮʳǣȰɳģ
ֻϺһݣһ棬Ȱɳ򿪳Ͷɶұֻ֤ҪɳͶȫҵԱȫ
ԭֻ⣬ҸĽڣô̤ŵһһ·ļţı⣬Ǽʱ˳ˣεȲҡ
õĴ㣬һ
ɳƵǰģԭΪѡ˸׵ķҵҸȡ裬ԴϲȻпʵ֤̫ˣԵҰĺȨ**ηֳɳ̨ģ
Ҫ۳ɳ̨
ӼѵݣûСİ취𣿡
һڴĿãܡ
òĿݳɰƴСС¶ʧı飬Ҳ뿴ʼסĳɳΪ
ǣۼһļģò񣬡ûˣҸմӳɶģɶ̣͸ɴֻΧܶڵĺɳĴã޷ͻΧͷʳҲ˲һֱȥ֮Ӷʳ
ٹʮ죬ļʿʳʿΪ棬ȫɳᷢţӭӳɶˣǲ
˥࣬ǰ׵ͷѾɫε̾˭˾˾ҵˡʿԣû𡣵ǣҪƵΧʿʳĵزΪ棬òѡ񡣡
֮⣬ɳѾʿˡ
Ϊ򣴨һĴҲֵͬĹ۵㣬ǣѮҺ뷨һġƻˣǰᵽԾ;Ǩ㡣¹򣴨ҲҪǨˡһδ˾ɶƷӣ޵ߣ²أ½½ֵ֮ܿţȴｧ֮ܶͨеɱҲšѮҲ³˵ġ
ɶɱȫҵ֡
أʢʿ弸澭顣
ҿԳɽһǰ̣Ϊٹ⡣
ɶֱ²ãĳģֱܲӬһԶԶ߿
ɳ̨̨ĳɶϲ̨Ļɫʿ˭
ʱͷţ˰ѿ˴ˣȻǳɳ˾V
˾VҲˣȧ͹𣬡˵ôŶʮʳǡ
õѾȫͭʩȥˡ
˾VһЦʲôֲҪԵġЩʳǳɶİɣҪͶ˵͵ģ
ôݣǵģɶ˵Ͷɱүȫҽӵǣɶķأ
˾Vժͷ彣˫չΪжףͶȫҵܱΪ˼Ҫá

64 ٿţ

˾Vܿȥ, Ǿ, , ʿ, סȥˡ
ʵֻҪӲǵ˳˵ĵزܰһµ, ĳɶôʱ䣬Ȼ˱
˾VǸĵˣԸ⿴Ӷʳĳ档
ֵ˾ҪˣͶ˾Ҫһǣһӵͽ
˾V⼸һֱڿͶ, һʱ嶯Ҿ, һͽ, ܱȵǵҪá
ԪڣҺ͵ۺһȥ¥۵, ϵȼƣһյյ֮, ɲǼеĻȫȼ, Ǹ桭
˾V, ǵˣ˶õ, Ǹ, Ҳһõ, еףΪսҺ㡣ǣõ
˺Ŀ꣬ɲҪ
û뵽˾V˾׵뷢ţΪ˾VףգҸһʹ˾һ̡
Ҫ˾Vһ򿪳Ͷϡ
Ϊζ֧˾VģͷԴӳɶַϭġ֮֮󣬾һֱװʳɢڼϢӲϳ
ʱѵ
磺峤ˣǺȶ˰ɣ
ҡͷʮˣۼκ̲һƽսκ𣬴ʲôûʲô࣬˾㷽ҵǳûʲôϡ档ֻǣҺͳɳһҰ
˵ֻǵ۾˹âϲУҸ泤ɳͶɡ
֡¸ءϳΪ֤ųɶΪѳɳ
֪ΪΣƮƮ˵˼䣬ȴĿţ˾⡣
Ͷ¾ּﶨ
ɳȥ׼Ͷˣֻһδӣһˣҹ磬Ҫáӡϣ˵Ǵȥһĵط
ǰУ˾󲿷ֶˣյģֱֹˣϵãլԺƮ
ǰһĻ𺳣ʮ¯յͨ죬һ۲𿪣ԡͰô棬ʮҹ
ˣҲûͣЪӺ
ô˵ãһӲµˣǺ걳ϰ壿
ǰһĻӺ඼ΪԼΣ
ǺһǮ𰺹ʳ۸񣬱ÿһҪȥʮǮơ
Ӵ㣬Щ˼Ǯɣ
Ű׺ӣûУһ׬˼ǧǮЩ۶֮ǰģûи߼ʳ̧ۣĻǵʳ۸ߡЩ꣬ҿǮʳˣʳ۸͵ʱҾʹùȼũҰʳڸĿⷿ۸ߵʱҾʹƽϢ۸ǵʳ͵
Լ⿪˲֮գôţôǮǮȥ
ŮΨһһӱ̳ȥˣԶãǣ޹ңǮĺ
д˵ΨһȤǹһǮ档
أΪֵھӣ̫Ϸ޹ǶôĽʡڰϷԡ
ôҲûϵֵǮһ˽е⣬ʳ۸ȥˡ
ǸֱӣδȻǰôʳΪΰѺ۸ߵһٱΪβȥͭʩףȥͨգ
ֵͨյǮ˵Ͳˣ֮ذοҲ˵壬ֻǣڳĿⷿޣ󲿷ֶڳ֣˲Ҳ֪ΧǻʲôʱÿֻǧʳǺϸˮ˳Χǵ׼ʹ˽ʡҲˡ
ֵ⣬𺳣û뵽Ǹдǻۺʹĵˡ
ֻҪǮҪҪӣǸʵڲˡ
ֵճŴ򿪣Ҿ˴ӳĿⷿʳָ̻ġ
ôѹҸѾҪȥҵˡ
򣴨Ҳ׼Ǩˡ
ɶλʿ嶼ƲԼҲͰˣ˻عأûеߣʱƳȥڹ
ҡͷҲߣҪǡٶûʲôˡҪ￴֡
Ҳдȥ֮УɳͶĻ䣬૵ηڣͷȻһգ˾ȻɱĹȦ߲ʹɶҲгֵڶɶȳɶλûоͷ
Ҿһ©ˮĴҲͣѴˮóȥһһ裬ԶͣǴˮ٣ʱˮԽԽ࣬ԽԽˡ
ˣҲˣҲûãһ˳ɳӿ֣ʮ꣬Ѿɣһϣ
ҵĸĸһֱҺһﶼȥȴһҴһû
úһ˵С
ӵҽ˾˾ҵû·ߡǲһȥһµĵط¿ʼɣҪ˾ƴһˡ
˾VοͶӴصĴɢ˺طϲá
ǰܣȴһȦ»صԭ㡣
ӻعȥˣҪŸĸ
ȥ׷ӡ
Ӧٶ۵඼ôʱӦԭأõദʱ䡣
һճĺҪҪһ
ӹҧһڡ
̯֣Ǯ
ոնľ֮ȫһŽ飬Ǯ̫أˡҶʮؼҡ
׷ӣϤС···סˣ޲ãһұǣ㲻ظƴһ١
ӴʱǱ۵ģϿԣ򣴨Ҳԣ˾ҲС
õһ϶ȥϡ
ָŻʹ򣬡Ҹĸô죿ɶߵġ
õһ취ʱ䣬һһ´ǡ
ΪѾõ̴ɡ
ֻǣŵ
ӲԴãǿһ΢Цãҵ㡣
գɳ˾Vֻмõͬ£Ͷ
ɶ˾ӱԭûжñ̫ϣúпӴ򹷣ȥ޻أȻȴϲȻ˵˳ɳ
ŵ¸ֵ棬ɶ賤ɳڳɳµʱǰˡʮ硱ֵܣ۵Ķӣʮ֪ܸģҺο
ھͶʽ֮󣬳ɳȫұʱڽܭǣȽתƵǡ
ɶľӽ뾩ǣӹ˾ǸŻķ񡣳ɳľҲ͵ؽɢ
ɶ˻ʹиϽæ˲گ飬ɶ˾ӱΪ̫ܣдְ֮
ڵõĴ֮λɶ㣬ҰᵽΪ׼ĶǰסĴ˾
ʹڵģ˾׾Ǳɱ̫˾ӱһ³ʹŲ̤һڴ˾´
̫㣬ºǲһȥ˾̫ܵ£ѵｧȥսʿ𣿡
ｧ֮ܣʬൽˮ񶼻ûɾ
̫ܵȻ˵
ָŽܭǷ򣺡ǵսʬδ׻ڽܭĻţƾʲôⲻƽ
°ַϭóĶ̫˵ַɳм鳼֮һúõĻţһˣôôֵܴΪʲôｧֵܶǰ𣿡
ｧַԶʹ
ۿȺ鼤ܣҪˣ̫־壬Ҫʲô
˵ɳοｧꡣ֮ѾˣǾ͸Ůϵʺ󣡡

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̫˾ӱˡ
ʺ󻹺˵, һܻʺ, ˾ͷˡ, ɱɳûô򵥡
ǵֵ˳ɳͶ˵˱ȫ, ˭
ǣɱɳ, Ⱥ鼤, Ҫ䰡
̫, ǰ±ȽҪ, ʿ巴ǽͷݣƲƲ, ҵ˻ʵۣǻǵóҡ
̫¿˳ɳͷֻҪһ˵˲Ҫ
ȥ곤ɳɱ˾ףҲǷŹļˣӮ͵¿ݵĳޡ
ԴóɹȰɳ, ڻ̫ܵĸﵱĻţ˾ӱһһ, ˾ӱ¼Ըɱɳ, õͰɡˡ
, ̫, ɳɱӦϷġ
˾ӱҲɱｧ겻ðҲû취
һΪ񣬷߹سóɳľ²ǷǿģսɳԼ˵ĵ£ֵ̫ˡ
̫Щ죬ȷ۴̣ɳȻȲҪ˳Ӧģа
̫ܵλｧЩʿʬ̾Ͷɡ
ɱ˳ɳΪʿƲĻ̫ܡ
ɱɳ̫ܶɡ
˵Ҹôѡ
ִ̫ˣһ£һӣȿ˳Ӧģй˾ߣܱɳһ
̫ܴϲ˵
õ¿֪̣֮
ܭǡ
ؽȨҵĻֻл˾Ժͻʺݻųȥɡ
˾VȫұȦڴˣܭǱӳȥǲܵģͷҲ˾Vվڳ¥ϣǡ
һڻ޲˿ڣʳԴԴϴӳ˽̵ﷻԽԽ࣬õĳɢ˼̻ζ
ȦЩӣ˾Vûζȹͽģÿվڽܭǵĸһ̣ÿһ̱󣬾һ˵ơ
˾VãǽָĻġֵõġ
¡һϤ
˾VתͷȥȻá
ʱ֮󣬽ܭǵĹ㳡һͭܶ˲̿ͭ
ȼнͭͭ˻ɫ
һ̿ķ˱˫ۣһϵ̨ͷؤ棬Ѫۣ󱳡βСȡźȲλϵ·ĥѪϳһѪ֮·
ǰΧ۵ľȴη壬¶˷ܵĹâ
̨㰸ｧȥͬսѡ
·ϱҷķǳɳ˾Vｧͬ۵ס
ɳѾˣҷûзӦ
סȥĳɳȻ֮ͭϡ
ڵһ̵ͭϣ·ͷ˲ûˣ̰̽淭γһȼյ塣
ͬˮģôɳҪܵӻ֮ʹֻܽޡ
صζɢζ
ʱɳűճһѰ׻ҡ
⻹Χ̵֮ľʿǽ׻һ²װľϻȻľϻȥｧңһѰѹǻｧˮУա
ͬʱɽµĹŵߣ̴ĳɳһʮʦϲ˽
ɳû̵֮ġɳֻһͶʬ壬ǹѪ
ָ˳ɳһŻ飬˾Vһҽ֣ϣ
ӽ쿪ʼɳѾˣԭ֣ǻ̫ܷһ·˵֣¶˰ɣϵȥϽҵҸ׻ᰲúõµġ
ɳЦû뵽һ˾ҵҪϵıӻ档
ɳ/ȻţѾȫͣȫ㡣
ǾκϺ꣬ʲôûοɳ̫ܳŲһģļ˳ᱻͷţʱٻ
лλ֮ɳһݣŻ飬һеŮ񣬡᲻뿪ﰡǻҪߡ˵̫Ҫʺ󣬺Ƿ߿ѱͲ鷳ˡʺλæ
˵ʺ޹ֻΪ֮ڹѣǽ֪̫Ⱥ鼤ܣϺ֮޷⣬ȷͷȥǻ뷨Ӹʺ󡣡
̫֪ܸܶɼأ̨ϺȻЧȻǻʺ
ĿͳɳįıӰʧڹŵϡ
һϼǨ㣬ְҲ͵ȥˣڼֻһˣĸӺסһ𣬲Ķϱþӡ
ү˻ص֪̫Ϻ󣬲Ѿˡ
ʹδ빬
̫ܵľӰΧδ빬ۭ;ӶԳ֣ӽȥˡ
˫ţһ
û̫ܵķϺگ飬̫֮׽÷ϺݣѺܭǡ
֮ò߹Ѫͳƫƫ֮ųĸףסϡ
֮ˣҪΪ
ɳոڽܭǱӶȫѺ͵ǣҪȥס㷽ҵǳ
ۭЦʺĸʮ꣬޹֮в죬ծӳ쾭壬ʺ˳Ůǲ֮ĶӣҪʺ游ծһȺӲ˻ѹֱɳˮ
һˮ֣뵽ｧҰܣʱŭűҪǿдδ빬
ţ
Ӷһ˸СŹţ
һģְĺӶҲˣøȻˣ
ĺӶٱᱡĴװ֫һƺҪӭȥＸǱġ
ŨױĨһѪǸճԹСݺݵĶžӣ񣬻̫Ҫ췴𣿡
ʹ󣬵Ӹ͸ӿ췴Ĵñӡ
̫˾ӱǴĻӽǣĿǰֻҳƴҴλ
ֻøӶ
ӶԲ˿̣ƺ鲻ӣĸҴϲȻҲϲҡ˵ˣҸ˵òˣĸЦ
ԭԼˣ
һǷ̫֮ϺѺͽܭǡۭſ谭ǰ£빫¡
һ⻰Ӷ̻뵽Сʱĸ׼Ϸ类˾׺ةϣѺͽܭʱΡ
ʱСֵĿĸױһȺ˶ǿߣٺĸױجġ
Ϻһȥ˽ܭǣֻ·һ
ӶǺЦݣҲн죡ʮܹżĸѹҡҡ¼޴ƺң
֪ΪΣ˵һ䣬һ׳ѪھзƵĳ鴤
ӶݵУ񶾼ĸһҵñȥܭǣҲҪһȥҪΪūΪ澵źңݲ贷ϸ㴲ҹ
ۭðڽֶˡ
Ӷ޶ãԾ˵ȥ̫˵Ұǰδ빬Žп͵Ұѹʱᵽܭȥҵñ𣬺úñ񶾵ļĸ
ȻӶδ빬ůϯҲǽȥץݣҲʹʹĸ˭ùһһеĹѸ޹ֺӣҲûʿȢˣûʲôʧȥģԻȥԹԹг𱨳𣬻ʹ졣
û뵽ۭŹûŪߣӶ·
ֻȥʾ̫ܣ˾ӱͬˣӶᵽܭǡ
Ӷõ϶Ĵ𸴣ůϯԿŵۭ˵ймҹ棬ϺȻҪڽܭˣĸȥǰ̫Ҳǹڽܭǣƾʲôݾ͵⣿ΪúÿۭǴĳӣҪشɷɲ˽
Ӹ͵·
ۭڳȴͷˡ
Ϻ»£ڲ硢ӹ˵˵Ĵӵ߳δ빬
泯죬ľһͷ˿Ŵðĸȹ
˵˿װ֮ɫȴ˾ԭľʹֲ˵
Ůʲôÿʹǰһʯͷָһ㣬ͳ˻ƽ
ֳݣȴ׷׵ͷҿ˵ĿŮ
ҸȥܭǡݵѩʱȪˮࡣˣ䶼ƺϴһ顣
ݵţӶӶѾ˵ȥˣڽܭǵӣһĸͬͬʳסҪһ뷨ӰŪҲɲһֱǸطš

66 һ

úӶĸ, ӵ, һȥܭ, ٻи飬ʱ̫ϻ, ܱĸסһΣĸҪȥܭǣһǵĴŮ, ӵĸ׵İȫ
㲻鲻Ը, Ͳϲ, ӶǸֱӣǷϺ, ǹڽܭǣƾʲôĸױ, ĸ׾͵ûţ
ҲΪǷһ飿
Ӷûνֱƣ׽ã, ˼ƴˡ
Ӷһۣһ, Ǿ, Ժ˭Ƿ˭, ߸·
ӵ鷳, һְæġ
ӶһҪ˹ļƣ¶ƺãͼرҲŲĵ
ǱԹжȴʵʣδ빬ݳŮ񶾼ĸϷ룬Ҫܭס
ȻһҪϺƽϢ̫¾ӵԹޣǾȱסĸ׵
Ŀͽĸ뿪ʹϹ׳ջʵ۶Դһ֪һֱ
ʵ۵ҹ䣬ŷЩʲôʣʺأ
˵ɵЩãʺҿɡͻع
֮Ѿˣ˵岻ò䡣
ңʵ˥˵ÿͬ⣬ʱûʲôˡ
ʵŶһ۾˯ţʺԴӼ޸ңʹδعҰôȥˣ
кϼǴˣʺȥġ
ʵظеĻҼǴˣŶԶǶԵġ
ʵ۾һӣкĻҲŲɡ
ݱڽܭǺоûлعңһֱϹŻʵۣʱһ粽롣
ʵۻǸʵۣǻ̫ܵʺ󱻷ϣɳ˲п̱֮ɱ
ԣѾǸˣûеߣûйΪҰǿʳ
̣֮ʿųɳҺ󣬷׷ײĿ̫ǷɱɱˣΪʲôһҪĻɱ˵ķӴɳ
㲻ǳŵֻҪͶͲɱ
ɳǸ͵о²ŻķʿȻվӣﻹǱȽͳɳġ֪ɳ̺֮δ֮С
Ҫַ֮֮ѾˣΪλҪһٷʺ
л
ʿǽʾ֭벻̫һĻУ˾ӱӵˮ㼷һͿԽԭĺ顣
Ǵͻ˾˵ǵڶˣ
˵˲òȸģ⽴ȵȱУʿǷ׷״ǹٹÿ춼дԻɨĹȵȽ뿪
ǲ𻹶㲻𣿻̫λ£ǾӢײ˿ʧأ󲿷ʿ嶼һǨ㵽أ˻磬󲿷϶ȥ˽ϱܻ
ļ򣴨ҲߵʮҾſգֻ¼ڶأϴδαԡѺ͡׼Ƿ֮ء
ûð취Ӹ𣬻ָ췢ģһһֱעǣҷģֻҪΣգһһʱȥ
ҲҪȥ˽ϽҵһŰ׳ջʵۡ
ܶʷϣʷǰӢײ˿ڡȸϷɡͳͳΪ¹϶ɡ
ÿ춼ڡʧѪЩʿߵĲ˲ţвƸֶͭ˥֮ࡣ
ʳ۸Ѿ䣬ǰҪˣʳ̵Ȼ嵭
ʿǨ㣬ǵūͣ˽Ҳ֮뿪ǣ˿ڼ٣Ѿʼո۸һֱá
ֳ˻չʳԱʱ֮裬ˣãЩȥĴչʳһƤɹˡ
۹Ķǣʵһһۿɼٶȼ˥ϡ
ʵÿ춼Уʺأ
ÿζǡ족ʵ۵ļÿ춼㣬Ȼһ顣
ʱʵ۲ˡ
ƺԼʺ
ˣֻ꺢ͯԼһ˵ԡ
н¸ӡ
Ӹոһˣį̾˵ģҲãĸףͲʹࡣ
᲻ùΨһŮѡΣ빲֪ѣŮӲǶ󣬵ȴ˱ԼŮҲԼҵ
֪뿪۶Ը˻Ǵ壬֮١Ҳмˣ׿ˣֻΪԼСԼһء
һߣǰӵĸһ飬һˡ
пտգͷʳҹϻǣǴͱࡣ
ӿԺ˵ãҲŲȥˣᣬҪǴûʶͺˣҪ񸸻˥ˣ׵˶ĨͺˣͲôʹ
ߣѼȥһҪҲһ𣿡
Ӽݵ°͵ļϣҲ˳ս͸ļʲ
᲻á
ʹҪҪ̴ɡ
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ӾƵģ̴üͷʲô˼̫Ҫ̨ˣǸȡ֮
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ЦͻСϵ˽ֲҵģָӲʲôأֻǸЩʳмǮЩǻҲѾҵȼˣʱ򣬻̫Ǹסġ
ȼϣʣ֪ȥͷЩ𣿡ӶΪȥʳġ
˵һֻۣһֻۡҹװ֪ûֹңӦĬˡ
˵Ȼ̫ܱɽžӻƽңǷؿ飬ǾͰѸʺĸȳٴϺӶǣ뿪ǣһ˾ˣҸɽȥ
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ڶ˸ˣ⡣
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һƬҶʼʱԽԽңǡ
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ʿʮҾſգʣµֻǹ֧ң˥ܣҲʧȥһĸĿճʲôã
̫ѵľ뿪ƽȥ
֮ǰ̫ܰ¬־Ǻ½½ֵܻʺԷȵλллάǵͳΡ
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ǵȵǲкͻʵǵӰ
ˣϳ𣬶˾Խվǰ̫ܵλãԻʵ۵һַϭģַ̫˾ӱͼı죬Űɱɳ˾V޹ʷϵʺݣֺ˵ö֮
󣬶˾ԽҪⶨ˵ڶگ飬ݴӽܭӳΪʺ

67 

̨Ķ˾Խҹ, סл, ѻ̫¬־ˡ
ʮ˳һ̫ȥƽ, ߺ̫ܳŰɱɳ޹ʺ󣬵ʿ忪ʼǱ˶ʿʧ뿪ǡ
˿ںͲƸϵġʧѪ̫ܲģʿ֧, лЩлڡ̾״̬˭Ƿ, Ч˭
˾, 쵽Ҽҡ˾ܲ׼ʱ, ѪУɵĿסǡ
ȻǡĿֱָ̫, ô̫ܰ䲼Ӧȫϳ, , , 濼, ˾ԽָݵĻʺ֮λ
ʱкۭҹѻʵŪȥ, ·ȴɱһ˾Խ, 빬ƻ̥С
ɽ, ˵ٴι䣬Ҫĸ׿ߣ취ȸʣݲߣ˷Ҵӽܭ뿪ηǱӣ¶㸸ʲҪȥ
żˣȰĸףһһ֪һλҪȵʲôʱ򡣡
ݰγĶеסԼĲӣһȥҺ͸ʽΪޣӦͬɶ͵ھƻңҪҡ
Ӷվߡ˾׵ûΰΪݷʵۡ
ӶԸᣬǴŻʺؽܭǡ
ôģôصܭǡ
ڽܭůϯûȺأʵ۾еͬܭſڣݻعžۡ
ݱΪʺŻʺ·߽ܭǡ
ȥʱǳģʱ£ʱҶأ
ʵѾǵˣӳŵĿߣŮ˭
˵ûˣڻʵʱ򶼲ʶŮΨһûǵ˾С
Ľͣϵӣʺ󡣡
ʵɵ󣬡ȢŮ
¾ñĳ»飬пЦãǵģиȢŮΪޡ
ʵЦݵ֣Ůǻعȥ
ۺţʵۻǲϷ֣Ůɣͷˡ
ݿԽԽɵɷ򣬽ˣϤĺ˵´һ𣬡ǣֶˣžͲܷˡ
ʵ۸˵֣ŶһֻҪסˣɵҲŮƯִҺϲ㡣
˾ҵˣֻ˾һܹӵַĵ΢Цͯ
ݸ̾Ϊ׳աǻǸأ˾ҵǣɱսַĶոյ֣ʧǻĿ
һɵӡ
˵Ĵӵ»عһαα˾ȥܭʱǡϺ󡱣Ϊ̫󣬴ӱֺ͵λϽʺ̫һְ֡һʵʵķϺ󣬴ʺˣºִ˱ʺ
һٴžۣ˾ԽΪ˱ʾԻҵĹΪʺٰʢļ硣
ֻǳɵʵۣһĿڶЦ䳡״̬
ȥԶ߸߷ɵļƻֻһͳλӰӵͷŰϹƷȣӶû
ʵָӣǸüͷŮ˭
ݣӹǵŮ
ʵۺˣߵߣôˣ
ŬһЦûвˡ
Ц̫ʵ˫ӵ꣬ˣ紵ˣҸůһůͺá
һűʵİ׸໯ˡ
һԺӶȣʣҲҪ
ʵһ˭
ӶӣҲŮ
ʵۿ޳ӣֿڶ̵ĺӶǽóĲ񰡣
ӶּΪǲһ
ʵ۸ˣ˭أ

һԷ̵ġסӶ͡ʱˣͲҪ̼ʵۣá
Ӷһӷ磽˲ˣĿǰҲпʵΣɵϲɣ
ӶƱĸη׻ڶδӽܭƽΣһ˵žۣǶĹͰһ
˾ԽһֱεһԲ
ǻ֧ѪͳҪ׷ݵ˾ܲһ˾ܲĵܣ֮ڵԶ׶ѣǻʵ˾Ե常֡
Ѫͳԭ򣬶̫˳ĵܿסģֻǣⷪظݣ˭Ҳ˭
ӹʾãɸӣǰҽˣʲôģ֪
ӾٱҲٱлʺŪһԲ
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪ܹż죬Դʿ弯ߣ¹϶ɣǶǻһһ죬δãȻ
һ¶ǣѪڣҰͣȨյĸоð
ǰ߸ϵĻҶˣһ֮£֮ϣ¡
ǺδȣˣҰĲһǣҪţҪʵϭϵĳŵȥַ̫˾ӱ
ƿػʵƣԻʵ۵ַ죬ʳգҳԱеûξоÿãǷ׷Ӧĺ٣⼯ᣬ¾ͼʮ
ƮˣΪŪӣһ࣬˵ʲôʾʵɵǴͳһٶȲϰ
Żʵۣʱɾ֮УԻԽŴ
ʧֿϣ
Ӻ˾ԽҰĲҿܿҪǣͻ̫˾ӱˣǷؿ飬ǴŸĸ͵͵ߡ
Ҳûᵽˣͺĸ׼Ҫۭ׼ʱ
ӵкӶ
Цġ
ְæµ׼˾Խžӳ̼·
ȻʮӣҰ͵Ƕ޴ˣ
ǣֵԼǻһٶ˾أһЩѧģһߣ꣬ѻʵ֣ȻԻʵ۵ٴηַϭģȥַô죿
ôģģڣֲɵΪʲôأ
Ψһ취ǰѾ˾ԳԱȫɱ⡣
뵽ӣ˸䣬У̫ˡ
ô죿
ܴӻ̫ܳǺ̿λǲԶģܿ뵽һ
ʹѻʵ˾һˣ˵

һ׳գһǵŶṳ̂ȥȥԶĵطǽܭǣʲô
кֶǿҷԣصĹԱҲԡ
һһ䣬Ч
˾ԽҲȺߣû취ѻʵһߣôܿһ˾λǡ
Ψһܹ˾ϿƻʵλķŻʵһ
ɵˣ·ƻٴƲ
֮ʱк뷢԰׵ֶҪŻʵһ
ðٸнжԻʵһֱ벻ǿʵ̫ˣȥѡƥ͸к֡
˵սۣλΣա
Ƶᣬȥ̣ǳΣҸʵ۳ʦ֮ʦȫʤʹʲô⣬ʵѣӵѵֻԼɣá
оִܾһӣƥȫ£òŻǮƥֵǮء
Ŀʦʧڳ
߲ˡܲ¸һˣȫȫ·
ʣǻӮ𣿡
õҲ֪кڣϣӮ
ȻҲ˸flagʮҴټνʦһ˾Խܣִ̫ǣ
̫˾ӱǵգְݸˣ͵ܭ

68 

֮ս, ʤ֡
ǲһ, ͲԼмＸԼľжˮ
˾Խ, ƺƵȫˮ
ʮڶָ£ڵϰһسǣһɢһ
̫˾ӱˡǰǱɳ˾VˣһӮˡ
̫ܶԼôӮġ
ǰɳʤ, ҲɴչزսΧں, , ڹƵڹͷ, ͳɳɰ
ɳģ밾ǼĵӶʳĵز˴ʤ̻ҪͶ
˳ɳôĶ, ̫Զʮ, ǻűˮһս, ɹʡƸ۵̬ȥ̵ġ
ȻôӮˡ
ֱţ
̫ܿϲ, ˷ܵӪⲽ, ͣ, Ը˶ֹͣ׷, ɥ֮Ȯû, ҪбȥѰһϡ
ǵģʮһսˣ˾ԽֻԼݸˣ񶼲֪١
Ҫѻʵҵʵܿͻһ
ǰ̫֮ܲ·ԸѰһʵټ󣬻̫ĸ¬־´һҵʵ֮㸺֣Ȼ󡪡
̫һĨӵĶݸ¬־һҩۣڻʵճʳУ屾Ͳã͵ܾ
̫ѾǴˣܹѻʵ۳ȵصͿֱӵǻʵۣ
Ҫ߱
¬־ЩԥϾʵ۲½½ֵܣ˵ɱɱˣ߱һӶĨӼʷҪųģ
¬־ϽӣǴ岻ãݱˣαؼһʱ
ȻôؾﳰЦ׳ջʵۣʵ۾ǻʵۣûе߱
¬־ãҪ߱ҪʵۣԼҲɣ
̫ܼƻҳϵûʲôõ£Ҫ㵱ɱ˻ʵۣʵ۲ˣ٢ҲðֻѻʵߵĻȫɱ⣬˭֪µģΣҵǻǴ˾
֮£¬־ˣӹҩ
˵һߣ֮սַ֮УֻԼһֱݳˣַ˵̫ˣûͷӬƵϹܣһӰ˸ɢˡ
ʵڳ³ˣʵеڳλһ
ˣᶼ㸲ˣʵ۱˦˳ླѪ׷ʸϮ
ʵһӾ
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ʵһֱеĻû·꣬ϻۣϻмҲĵۣͣһֱǰܣֱľеʵܲˣſһŴ壬ҵ
ԴˣʵŲɣһҵҵģдƭҡ
ʵʧѪϻңֿʱŴ˹ȥ
бַɢˣɢȺɽ£ɽʱѾˣҲˡ
˳ʱʱֵݳֹ켣Ѱһʵ۵䣬ȴֻ㸲ᣬտҲʵ۲Ӱ
ʱһ׷ɱ޿ɱܡ
еȥսϵĻҳ彣ΣҪսһ̡
ľԶԶǰиƮȻɵ̽޷ɢңȴɣֹ֣̾ͣż
̫˧ˣԺȺӰͷҲŷȣŲͷܡ
ǸƳòʱپ̾еϧ֮ģûɱ˼˳ɱһһˣһ·
׷ַв
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ƾֱһ·ѰȥһŴҵ˻ѪĻʵۡ
ʵ۵Ѫ˺ۣϻ֧
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ʵˣһУ˹ȥҾ֪һҵҵġҰ˵ȥˣһֱܣôҲûޣҰԼصúܺã˶ûҵҡ
ıĺܺãȻȥˣһơ
ʵ˱ǸˣЦĺǿġʲôսܣʲôն񣬶ϡ
бЦݸȾҲЦˣǱйڴ˵أҪ߶ȥժӡǷյļڣֻҪ־ҵԵġ
ժӻʵ۹ԹԭûϹܣʵ۵ԽԽ㣬˵䣬аսϣڻ˲𣬹һᣬʵ˵ȡ
һʵϹ̣Ƿˡ
ȥǲеġ
нĲѣʱдæ׼õļͲˮڻϣⱩ¶١
ԽԽˣڰУ޷ϵңǲһᣬ֮˾Ȼʼʫˣౡⲻ졣ʶԽ١ĸ־дѰ㣬ѵʦ
ʫϤˣġʫǰ漸˵Լĳʱ˸ףĸ׺ֳ簮ĸǡ
ҲϤģɢ֡
޾֮·æܳȥӭ֣
ſ߻һϵĲ˽
ֻϺ֮Ҿ֮оȻܵ׵ͷ˿һ˿Ǵ˰̡
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ֻ˻һᱡɴĽҶӣϸ첲ȵܲ죬ȫǮһ·ܣһ·ҶӣҶɣ׷æżǮ͹˲׷ˡ
ǮӵﶼŲƸǻǮˡ
ǽǮ
аѷյĻʵ۱ǵҸˣ
һܣѻʵ̧ϣ⸽и֡
ʵ۽ѣʱΣա
˵ʵδ̫ܵľӵ̺ʽһʵۣҪŪ÷Լǻǵľб仯
̫ڵ֮սȫʤ󣬶ηݣֻҪҵʵŪ̵̫ܾǻΪ˳µۡ
̫ܼ۷壬ڹ̬ȵķסˡһ׳ջʵۺÿƣһ׳Ѫͳ»ʵۺÿƣ
ʣ϶ǰߡ
ǺӼ˾ȷ׷ҲѰʧٵĻʵۣڼͻ̫ܵľ·꣬ʱгͻ
ֱ̫ܱȥǻģһ±ǵľӸס߲ˡ
һԭǷ籩ĵʱȨգѶ˵常ͬյȵϣػĴ󽫣Լۭˣһɱ˷رĽܭǣݸȳ
ʵδݳȶ棬ִʣдگ飬ڶθΪʺ

69 ʧĻʵ

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ǾϻֻеԼ, Żۡ
϶ǨĲ, ĸǰһ, ܲ·;, ʱ, һ̡
ˣĸ׳, ·̫ܵı׷šӱ׷ɱ, ҵĳӸɢˡ
ʿ嶼Ǳšɨǰѩǹ˪Ĺ£߶, ˾ҽڲ
ǻ̫ܲҶЩ, ´ͷɲôడҵĳӱɢ, һˣͷȫǽ鱦, ϵȵȣÿһûȥ͹һӻˡ
Ʋģʿǹ˲׷ɱ֮ʦ, ˱˻ײеĽٷ, ҳϴһ, ˶ڣɱҵĲ˽
ԼҲǰӦĸʱ̫̫ͷϵΣ۶ߣҪɱʱһʿɱˡ
żʿǼˣҶòˣ׷ߣΪ˾ĸûȥ׷ĸŵþɲˣǰҪŮʬ˵ȥҶ档
̫̫ĸηΪ뿪ĸ֮ǰҲδңĺúõģһǾ˱
ǰҪؼңܵõϢ
ĸ˵ĸˣʱں޲ѣҴӲڲΪĸ׻Ӳһ
ȰףҪǲˡʵ䲻ʺ󱻷ϹڽܭǣûĹǣҲҵĲӣΣְͭ춼ûе̿šĸȥ°·ҲҪ٣ܭǣѻʺȳлʺּܲǻоȡ
ʿ󲿷ֶǨߣȻмԱΪʵĸ׵ԸͬŮ⣬ۭɱܭǣݾȳˣλ
ʺ֮Σ̰䲼گǽ״̬ļٶʮ︺Ѳ֣ΰھдҽᣬˮģһӣɱ̡߳
ͷսѰһʵۣΪһ࿪̣Ͼ˼︴ʺ
Ƕãƻʺûãֻпסʵ۲ܰס
ǵõݵİ
ʹҲĵȴɷϢǳΪһµʱļǿάΰ޷ͻƲߣȥǰһʵۡ
ʹĽҲֻܱĵȴϢĿǰסóȻѰ
˴ˣݸһֽѾͨɸ봫ϵˣ˵ȥ̫ʵ۵䡣
ūԨǸǽͷݣҡڣ̫ڵ֮սдȫʤ̺ͻ̫ܽãΪھĿǰūͻ̫ܹϵãΪ˾ɷ򣬲òڡӪǰװæϣͨڲϢӪɷ
ֻҪԸӪŮɷʲôģ붼ûʹӦˣȥʵ常ͻ̫ܡ
Ͽɹ۸ߣΪݣ߽Կס
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ҪѰһʵۣ͹ʺһʵ۵齻ҡжûϢҲµûʵӦñֲˡߣڸض⣬ȥʳԭض̤ˣȻģһȥңҵǡ
ֺжûϢ԰жԸ縸ʦ糼Ҳѣ۸־أʼղ벻һʧǻ¡
ӵҵǣס㣬ҪҪҪŸӵȥҸһصǿ϶๥ʱҪսҺƽ٣˭ʤƸʣЮԣһҪŸ뿪Ҫ
Ӻγһžأֻʵпᣬĸ˶ҪģðѸʴ֮Ҫӭֹսҡ
ô򣬻мĿڶţɱһˣݣ޹աĸŹ󸾶ѣοЩûǮ뱣ڵƽգ
ӱ˵뷨СϲоӲѱΪϣ˵Ұٺ˻ǣͻǡ
ȫһ·ͷ룬֮٣Ʊã˭޷ԤᷢʲôǻӳŵһЩδڡ
Ѱܹ黹ϣ
ʵпᣬȴм˲벻ůáˡ硢Сۭ֣ҲǱģҹǣԽǺڵǾԵԽҫ
øŵ֪ǰ·ҲŬЦȻЩã㡣
ȥվˮߣӰͶˮϣ£ʮˣʱȻǿһô֮ĻҲΪȨеӣᱻָȨ֮ӡ
ӶǱα˾ǿдͻ飬¼޺ᡣ
Ӻ߽·е̴ãеɷҲãŮ뽫ûһ˫ŮĺƵòŮµС᲻ǡ
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ãһҪƽ
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ֿǰ⣬ǷСӣִţδڰ
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ɺУ˵ܲţҺͻʵ۱Ե棬ȫҵֵӹһ١û취ҳ̫˧ˡ
Ϻ֣ҺǶԵȫһǮһĿҶ
˵ȥ֮٣ϲʮգҪƣȻߡ
ɺףϺһչ˻ʵۡ
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裬̫˾ӱǳˣߴĸ¬־֣Ͻѻʵҵ
ոջھūԨ˻̫ܽԣĸ淪ģΪ̫İصūټū岿ʿǲսΪ̫ܽΧ
̫һԨѩ̿ȻӦˣҪԨϽȥ
Ԩ˵Բ˳κ۲ܲٽūΪҡϡ岿ʵӵ岿ȴûдڵ֣޷ڰ
ܲһۣūһֱз֮ģūΪ岿⼤ìܣֶ֮ūԼūԴ֤ԭ۹Ŀơ
ԨŴңͳһūǻûõԭʵ۵ĳϣԨ֮Σӻ̫°ȱŵԣõʽ⡣
ʵʧˣô̫ܾΨһĵͳ
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ʱԨѾƻġΪ󡱣̫ܣֻŴڵķŹ̵λбʱ嶼¡
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ǣȷס̫ܣǣһϴڵ/·ǣ̫߳ŭƱػῳס
Ԩӣֻӣһѵѡ
һѵԨԲʲôѵľ
һҳΪūڣһʿԹҵӪʣսˡ
ǣԨͬ׵Ҫǡ̫ܡ
Ǻͻ̫ܵĸ¬־ã¬־ȣҪ¬־ȥʧٵĻʵۣ͡
¬־׵ƨĵƮƮȻͬˡ
һ죬һϢʵ۲һ뱤С
¬־ΪһʵۣʮǮһܣ˵ǰЩ챻뵽һ뱤˿˺ͻ߷ơ
ΪǮܣÿһζǸ˶ȥʧ飬ǻʵۡ
¬־ѻ˴ţ㿴ȷ
򣺡Ǵ򣬾Բῴ࣬˷գȻҪһЩҲˤ˺ͼѪ̣ȷ
¬־ʣòûǲЩɵ
ҡͷջԣҲ֪Ƿɵǡ
Ŭ뱤ţҸ˰ʱ򣬷ֵʳָӲ޷ɶӦǰѹܹˡ
¬־ʱϲӦþǰ׳ջʵˣ
ǰα˾׷ϵۣ÷׳ջʵΪ̫ϻʱָʹʵ۽ץסţǿ˻ʵʳָŰѹ֡
ʵ۵ʳָѣȻӹˣӴ˲ֱ
ֻлҵ˲֪һͷ϶˵˾׼
¬־̵ǰ뱤æϡ
¬־һԸһ뱤ֱ練ơ
¬־л̫ɱʵۣΪ˷¶߱ĳ£ʵߵţԣ˻ʵۣɱ⣡

70 ս뱤

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սʱ, 뱤Ч˺ӱɧţԭյ, ̫ƽʱڣ͢ǿƲ뱤⼸곯͢, 뱤һҸȼ, ԭ
ֵ뱤洢ʳģص˽, ѵˣȴһ裬û뵽һˡ
뱤һ򾫱Χˮйͨ
æ֣˴ͨܵ
ֵСڡ
, 㵱ɰ˭ǰԤ֪δͷܵ
Ϻ, ܡ
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¬־뱤ͷʵ۵Ǻˣ˵ţҷ̫֮ӻʵۻ̫˵ˣʵǱЮ֣Ѳŷگ飬˴ǻʵԸ̫ܲһֱŻʵ۵İΣӭӻʵ۱£
뱤Ϊ˱ʵۣ´󹦣һΪ۹ͣ٣ҪͽǶ
뱤ţһͻʵۻ
¬־Ļãȷ̫ܺλѰһʵۣĿЮ£̫ܲɱ˻ʵۡ
ǣϺֺɺжǼˣǲ¬־Ļ
дһֽúڲ棬ü䵽ǰ
¬־һֽдţҪۭλǰӭӻʵۡ
ۭǻεĽ졣
¬־˵̫ԶˣҲҪһһҹۭܵʵһʵϢܿᴫĻϲķǻɱʵۣʱʵ߶߲ˣ
д˸ֽ䵽ǰ
¬־չֽһţдţǿһ¡
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ǣһϤʱһѰȥڿ¬־߸ߴĿʿ
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˵Ҳе˵Ѿųֽ˵Ϊ˱֤ʵ۵İΣҪٿһ£˻֮ƣ¬־Ϊڿǣ¬־ھͷǿ뱤ر³Ųסһʱ
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εĿŵ£һ£һڳһصߡ
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ɽȥ̼˻ƻʱĲϼ
̫죬¬־Уѵ¬ʶɱУ²öԳġ
¬־룬ɱľУ˵ƾ˭Юֻʵ۶
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ʮˣսڻʵߣʵգ廹ڴϣͻȻŽѪؿڻһѼȥ¶ţ¬־ɱġ
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ʵ¶УôѪˣмʹʹ
аһƣ֣Ŵ淴һЩʳſڣܳһһ̣ǧҪʵۡ
ֻʮ꣬һθܵ׵ĺţأ
лѪ̽һһսһһ̣Ϊʵ۶ҵٹ⡣ˣϣغչ˻ʵֱۣĴڵңĴ˸Цһ޶ĵλȴûиǻۣĴ
ֺرţһʳſڰˣסţŰ壬ƺ˺ɱͱ֮ͷһ£ǣûʱˣͣһϹͷˣŰһʳһſڣķ

71 Ѫ

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ǧǼӴһʿ, ΪǼˣʵ˺üˡ
ʹ, ʿҲҧػŲ
ʿ֧̫ƽǸ޵׶, ͣͷǮһʿܻøλ͸㲻Ǯ㲻Ǯ, һζͻʧ
˾ҽĴ۹Ҳ˾ܲһ˽˸ƽ, ɴ˿סκĻʵ, ӴЮ¡
һֱڲǮ, ļ͸һ϶ɵҵȥˣ룬һİĵط㣬ǲܵģΨбȡůϵıӻ֮£ǵļ˻ᰲȹɣȥ
ԣֳĲûк֮ǣʮܴ׼뱤ʧ֮Щ뱤ĵκͰڿʼսһʮֺá
ǵģǲᱣʵۣϾʵûǵļˡ
ִŻʵ۶㵽ȥˣϵĲõָӣ뱤νо뱤ڲשʯǽưģǽںǽֻ֮ݵһһͨʮխ¬־ľӷӵӰС·ǰУ**ĸǽתתȥ·꣬оӰӶʱʱʯǽͱĵӰ㡣
ֻһף뱤ڹ꣬뱤ڲĽṹƵɹǵ·ڳ**
¬־ŭ¥ߴ鿴ΣָӲӴ**ֱ߳м֡
ǳ¥ϵĲǲƴɱֻŻһѰѻ𽫳¥ճ˻¥Ż֮ǱΧɣһֱ»¥űµöõо˹ȥص¥ҲҪҸ汳ģͬھ
¬־û뵽ϵĲƴһӿ뱤µþһǧ߰ϰ߷ĵߡ
¥ȫǻ޷Ǹ߿¬־ɴǽһʮᣬֱӿ**
¬־ǽʱʱʱ¬־Χ뱤ʱ°Ϣ߼ۡ۸ʵͻ̫ܼ൱ĺӼ˾
зѰһʵۡ
ƾһ֮϶Ȳ˻ʵֻۣܽ÷ǣƷˮͻˣлˮʵۡ
һ¶¸ǽ¬־ƵһǰУڣһǽҲƵˣⶥ־ǰ
ָӲż䵹˳ǰļˣǵо̫ˣһ±̤ƽôŲƵ֣ϲš
һ̴ʵڱ˿ʼ̣ȺǿĶֱƳ
¬־һȹȥˣҪ̫ܱʵ۱µ𣿡
ʵڻ򣬻̫ܱ߱۵㣬ʹǻҲ޷ڡ
û취ֻƾǽŶ롣
̧ŹǴһµİѴŸײˡ
źȻص˲䣬սеĻ׵һҲûˣֻܿⲫսʱ޾壬Ҳηŵ첿ƴɱţɱҽʧˣֻһ

Ҫȥģȵһʬ塣
˼ˣҲҪľˣһ˿֧ţľŻ׵̣ϵĲһսأͣͣ˾Ҳվˡ
ֻǣķӦԽԽٶۣԽԽһ֧ĵڵоţһʱβ۳Ҫмˣһǰ棬סһ
УʱԡѪһ±˺¡
ðεɱ֮ˣȻ
еѪҪˣӲء
жദˣǲܻˣкüڵĽãҸ˾ѵ֮£Ϊ˾ѵĵҲҵ
Ӻ㶼ҵѧһҪŻȥҵĻתѾˣⲻǻʵ۵ĴҲĴ֮꣬Ըڴ٣ɽ֣ɽζ˵֮䣬ﶬļ棬ʱοأɴ˴󳹴򣬾٣˻ʵ۵ʦ
нץõ֣һ˿˵ӹҪﶬļȴҪһļһĿŴʵĳϸ۶ѩһЩҪ˴ҪͷȥСϣ
ɿõ֡
׷øˣֻ׵пȱĽս
ÿˣͻȻһìɨϥǣʧȥƽ⵹أо˹ĸˣѹڵ϶ãһʿĲӿȥնס
շһ䵶ĨĲӣгأиõĶ䡣
ѹסõĸʿͷȥߵòʱһ㶡üë󽫣¬ĺףʲô
ìͶȥԿµıìǹͷתţǺ«Ƶģһ͸ˣ
ñѹڵϣǾúһϵһβ㣬βǱѹϣҪ
ÿʼʲôˣǰȴˮߵӣŬų΢Цã㡣
ֻܻˮˡ
һ˵
һᣬѹʧˣþ͵һ˰üëס
һ˫մʬѪĨȥҪҵģӼ˾Ѿˣͷ¬־ľӽսʵۡӼӣ¬־ذɡ
װǿʬѣͷһȻüʬڣģϺ껹ţŻʵۣʵˣȹԼȥ߲磬Ƿһ
׾ãˣ̫˾ӱʧƣӼ˾𣬿סʵۣΪµİū˻·زҪ
˵ͷ뱤Ӽӽ¬־ľӰ˽ӣҴϲ˻ʼ¬־˫ܵУʵڴ򲻹ˣֻýеͶ
Ӽ˾õŵĳ۵鱨̵ǰ뱤ʵۣʵ۱̫Ū֣ˣ̫Ϊ˳ĵǻʵۣռͳλʱĸҪı棡
Ӽӻ̫ܵǻѻʵְ
¬־ľѾһԹǽƷˣӼľü©ֱӹȥ¬־˫лܿˣΪ˱еͶ
Ӽס˾棬ײ´ţһͷŽڻʵǰ棬Ѿ˸׼ǺӼ˾ʱϲоˣ
ȿȣָɿһװ򶨣ӼʵۣΪβ򣿡
Ӽʲأȼ٣
ʵֺ󣬳Ϊ˺ӼĿܡ
Ӽ˾Ѫͳǻʵ۵ѣܷⴢǻΪۣԣӼᱣܻʵۣԷЮ
Ϊ˹̺ò׵õİλӼɴѻʵ۴ĴӪΪĶǣ
´ħʱͬʱӵǣ쵼ӣͳ
ڳڶ׳ƳΪ̨ƺΪ̨
еԣһֱ׷ڻʵߣźӼһ˳Ϊ̨ĹԱ
Ӽ°߻ʵ֮뱤ƽôʬѾӲ壬ȥ
̨
ʵԴӱȣһֱܾϴ軻·϶ˣֻҪ˭·ͼд
Ӽû취ʵ̨ۣʧȥǵˣʵ۶ĳ͢أ
ӼֻҪϳȰʵۡףʵۼǵûм
ʣϣٲ·ϾҪʭӺͳ棬Ϊʲôأ
ʵ۴˵֮ѪȥҲ

72 

, кѹ
ͱ۸ˣӽΪ˸, ˾˵ơ
һմûУɼЩԻʵ΢չ, ̫ƽʢ, ҲѰ, , Ϊʿ峼ӣԱͼΪϡ
ж԰׳ջʵ۵ĺãԶԶǡҾܰ, ʦ縸糼, ׳ջʵ
ֺеĸһ, ͣ׳ջʵ۵游˾նеʱֻ꣬Ϊ¶ֽſκ
ЩĶԹɱ֮֮, ȥˡ
Ŀ֮ʮ󣬰׷ͺڷ, һ, źѵĶִ, Ϊ˾ѵӶս
Ū˰ɡ
ʣһеС࣬ȼʣ͹ճȺζƮȻɡ
ֵĻ˻ʵ۵ע⣬ʵָŻ񣬡С𣿡
ڻ˼Ʋʣеǳ˷ȥ͵ˣ߲ȥ˺Զĵط˺ͼһϲڴﶬļ棬Զǧŵġ
ʵ۲⣬Զĵط
ֺ庢ƵĺʵۣǸطûսûûʹࡢϲһֱ㡣
ʵ۵ɫɣܲأҽҲȥطˡ
ֵͷǵȻˣϺжǺúӣֻкúӺ͸ɾĺӲȥǸطԵ¸Ͻ·ϴ裬ŻȥǸطС
ʵڷ½䱸ſ˫ָۣ¡
´Ѫ۷ʵ˵ѪҪϴȥлҡ
ְ·ãȻ
ʵԡͰְ·ܿĵط˳ϴꡣ
̨
Ӽ˾ɹȼݣ˳㹥ǣѻ̫˾ӱһ²ˣץͼ߱Ϊɣ˾ӱ̫ܵĴ֮λ˴
˾ӱɽｧ֮սҰܣȴΧǶӮʤƳɳ˾VͶ
ڻû̫ܵĴλ£ȥƽң˾ԽץסӣЮֻʵռټʮַ
˾ӱΪԼҪˣˮһսȴڵ֮սȫʤ
ĺ󣬱Ϊλֻһɱ˻ʵ۾͵ǻȴӼ˾ˣӻ̫Ϊ
δ䣬Գ⣬˾ӱҲǷŪˣ˵ˣ
˾ӱ˴ֲŹҪΪи
˾ӱդֶӣɱҵİɡ
ֵһͣʲôԹԹˣУǡ㲻ɱСӦ֪ҺиĹϵ
δ䣬˾ӱʰ÷ʱҲýƱ˵ʲô֮ƨҲɱҾ޷ǻǸ뵱ʵۣ㣬Ҳô
ֵϷ統ʱװѳֳ׺̫壬ִ㲻׺ͼϷȨƣͦѵ׶Դ񣬽㱻ϷǺޣȥ˷ǣʱж㲻Ȩڣ˵Ƿܵһ
ֺǸ̾û뵽һõȨƣԻ߱ĶоȻȵϷͼ鳼׻Ҫɶ񣬼ϷȻѳֳȴ޵ߣӹ򣬰ѹŪ߰˲ۣ
˾ӱЦȻǸ˾һŮ˶ѣȻѳֳ˾ҵ£ռ֣
ŭϷ統ʱ̩񰲣´̫ƽġĹۿɣ˾һٶ˼Ϸ㻹
Ϊ˽ū˵ıԨΪڣһͳū岿ӱ¿ԨĲگĴ̶һ¾ͼʮӣūҪˣֱɱ¿¾Ҫաˣ
˾ӱһʱʧɫңûУҲŲôɵܲٷūΪ岿Ϊ˷ֻǣֻΪ˽ԨΪڶѣûзڡ
ʵҲɴڵʵԣǣ˾ӱҲˣԨѾ˾æڧϾѹūֻǿ
ŭ࣬ģڶ÷⣡ūµĻǴ˾ҵˣ˾ҵĽɽ
˾ӱʱˣҪɱɱΪиѣôڡ
ֵҾŸȥֻԼ˴ֵķˣ˵Ҳ˾ҵˡ
ִһӣ֡
óһ˾ӱʮꡣ
ֿŽ˾ӱ³أûΪиĿУ½ȥͻţƺ𲻴
Ըɽ磬ˣ϶ɰɡ
˾ӱΪʬƺҪʬͷ
ĸ¬־ɥΪ˾ӱᣬ¬ϣҲʿ壬ֻǲԺա
ûж¬־¬־Ƿ£Ǹԭعصˣֻ׶񣬲ɱ¡
¬־ͦΪɥĿǰİӼ˾Ŀ࿴ͣΪ˾ӱɥ£Ҹʹ͡
ǣ¬־ʹ޺Ӽ˾˾ӱʿһļֵۣûȥŪ˾ӱ֣ǰѸĿ궢׺Ӽ˾ϣǵ˾ӱ֮Ҫԭ
¬־ʹͺͺӼĹְ뿪תΪͶ˶˾Խ
˵ĵ˾ѡ
֮ս¬־ЮĶǶ֣ͻ̫˾ӱһˮһսѶ仨ˮ˾ӱӼŪ֮¬־̳Ϊµıʿħõʵ
¬־Ŀܼ򵥡Ϊ˾ӱɱ˺Ӽ
̨ĺӼ˾ɱ˻̫ܻһֽگµ˶̨ϵʺݡ
ΪʲôҪݣ
˵ҲǿЦΪ̨Ͷ̨ǣ̨лʵ̨ۣʺ󣬶ϵ߾
̨ӵпܻʵۣǿƶ̨״̬Ӽ˾Ϊʾ̨ĿֶԶ̨ľƿأǫ̈λߵĻʺԵɱӺԣɱӺ
ǿʺ˵ϾͷϣǶҵġ
ݾαϣͽܭȦˡ
յϺگһ죬ǧе˵ǣ˿У죬ΪȺϧ
ʹʿѡһٶʮѧڡòδɣš
ɫɥӵеĹײģһ赸һ볪衣ʫ趼Ǵеĸʫѡģˡ
ˮšۡظ͡΢Х硣ęvᡣͶ͡ꡣ
uuơ˳ءԨԨˮӯǡԶšԹȲߴ֮ػХԭΩԸ氧

73 

һٶʮŵҸ, ͸Լ
þƣ, ֱ, εڵ, ̧
ΰʱ, ڴߵ, ĸ˵Ҫ, ̨گĺλ̨Զڳ, ӼЮ£Ϻگ, ڽܭǣ޳ĪܵҲԼ, ǶԽܭ̽ĸףηϺֻʽѡĸ˵˺úչü, ĪҪǣ
ӵ뱤֮Ρǵ㡱, ڻ, ûܾȳʵۡ
õĻƺδص, ָ, ﻹ룺ʺǵαˡ
ԺЩҾʹȥܭǿĸס
ݵõ塣
ӵ˵۾ˣȥЪһЪչá
֮ǹйŮģһ˶ܾǲ粻ᰡ˵ദĻỹء
ſȥ˯ˡ
ߣճյĿãƺΣ۽ëżвһǧ࣬еϣϻжˣϲȥһ⣬һ裬ٿһ磬Զˡ
Ĺһſõϣӿ޵˫Ŀģ
ñһſˣӴĨȥϵۣЩ˻Ƶ˵Ҫת㣬Ҳɽζ˵Ļ֮䣬ﶬļ棬ʱοأ
Ѿ죬ⲻǻʵ۵ĴҲĴҪﶬļȴҪһļһĿŴʵĳϸ۶ѩһЩҪ˴Ҫͷȥϣ
ˣǿסᣬԼȥǿһЩеɥĸκʱ꣬Ҫ
Ӽʮ꣬ҲôѾҪʵ̸ף
ȻʱǰļѧСʱ
Ҫǿסᣬͷ磽⣬˶ڲţһеĿˮӿ²ͣںڶײ
üҪģļ򣬡˾ͿޣˣϴҪġ
ˮһ˿ѷ죬µˮԴݹ֮ƣֽɴССı飬αȥ
˹ȥ§Ĳӣ°͸ļϷ
ֻҪĿð¶ˮ޵ʪ͸
ñĿȾҲͦȥˣ︡лԡѪĳ棬ˮ£ӵļϡ
ӵûһ˿ֻһԻ֧ŵˣһ͵Ǿˣ˴˰οţţԽϾĿ顣
ͬʱǣʯأɽʯ
źӼ˾ͻ̫˾ӱʵۻսʱ׳˻ӻԼĵ̣ϽǣȴϽ𣬹кŽ֮ű󣬳״
׿Ʈδġ
һ˲䣬ΪԼԽˣΪһ꣬اۺκκ˾ҽĴ˿ʮ꣬ͻȻƮһʲô£
ΪԼˣ۾
ûǺġ
ڻʱһжܹǣҲźģΪ˺Ϥϡ常Ԩӡ
׵ó·񣬡硣
ʾͣ£·ԱߵףǳԾСӾȻŻˣӣӦò顣
Ϊ˷ܣһֱƫƧС·˼ªţѾˣ
һֱӣֻǸһѣǸ׷ҪֵƣҪŽụϲΥ׵顣
Ԩӣһףųӡ
ߵܻáոϽ죬һȥʡ˵㲻ڵЩӣѾΪΪԪҷΪ̫ӣԺֱΪ磬Ҫһ̫ӵ¡
ԭԨα̫˾ӱġڡگ󣬺ܿ켯ʮӣҵõʱȼ֧֣
ԨѸ£˵µĵǶԭˣԶ֣ģôĲͬжʸ񵱻ʵأ
˭ʵۣӦðյиߵжϡ
ңԨǺǺ׹ĺᣬʵ
ҵðٵںͺʵΪֵܣνܼ̣Ƿϼ̳йģ쾭塣
󺺸ΪԪ׷Ϻڣҵڡ
ԨΪ˷ڣ˳¹ԭȻڶĳ˺ˣ˵ԼǺʵĺᣬڣҰ֮λһ𵱳
ֱҪƿײİ壺˭ڰ
ԨΪ˳Ƶۣɷѿġ
ԨƵۣϢ˶̨̨
Ŀǰ̨Żʵۣϵͳߣˣ޲ðѻ̫˾ӱӷĹڳʬ
Щ˾ҵİܼӰΪȨֵùķѡ
̨ȻԨĺΪǷѴΪı
ȨյĺӼ˾ɳ˾ȥƽҡ
ʵԨɳ׺˾ڿս
Ȼɱ֮Ƶ׺Ĵ˾ڡ͵ԽԽ󣬲ˣʱҲ׷ЧҺԨ
˾ڴܣ̨澡ʧ
̨ڽܭǵݴԨ״˾ڣ͵Ϣв豭ء
ã˵֪ˣǻȥɡ
ߵſڣ˵ʹƲ´ټףǾһĶˣ֡˰ɡ
˽˸ڹ֮ĶԿǲܴڵġ
ݺԼӴԺײˣǵйĴ󽫡
£ĬĬ߳ܭǣһᣬ̾ټİ·ˣĺټˣҲ򲻹
ӺʶЦ
ĵһϸѩ£ˡ
˳̨˰̣ǱӵصĶ˾Խȴڼ׵֧ܵܵ£ʵΪ˴̨Ӽ˾Խ̨
ʼԾڧϾ˼ڷչ׳ĺ
ӵ˱߶ҲǡΪ߶ǲ
ν󣬶˾ԽɳʹȥػܭǵĽȨŶݵگ飬˵ֻҪݷųʺһмӶΪеӣƺ̨ӼҲӹٽ
ȨҲʮͬ޹ݣȻԸ浱ɽֶΪأ
ǣȨɱ̨ļӵĽ죬Ŷگ飬ݽӵʹΪʺ
ݵĴ

74 

ǰ뷽跨ѷϵĸ״ӽܭȳ, Ϊʺ󣬽ӵžۡ
ڣ̨, ̨, ϶ߵĶ˾Խ, , ߺò״΢ƽ, ڽܭǷϺ, ǰȫģ̨Ӽ˾Ͷ˾ԽϾ˼Ϻ, Գ֣мʱƽ
ԵĴηϺ֮, Ӳûżĸ״ӽܭŪ΢ƽ⣬ŭ˶ߺӼκһɱʦ, Ҫһսƽ١
ֻȥǸ˻, Ͼǰǻȥ, ϣ
ݾ˺üη, Ҳںʲôʺ, ֻҪûΣ, סڽܭǺͻʹûʲôԣݼ֮֮Ҳû븴ʺ
ǣĸŮûϵͻȻ쵽ָʹȨŪΪʺ
ʾվ˶ߣһӴƽ⣬̨ĺӼ˾붫֣֮
Ӽɾȥɴʴţʱ͵
ٳ£۳ҪҪһ޹֮ˡ
úԲߡ
˵һսȨΪֺöضȫǣؾޣʹǿסʮ£Ҳᱻƣʱǣɱӣͻˡ
ҲǺµȨúõƽⱻˣΪһ˵ǰ̣Ҫٴһƽ٣
˵Ϊ֮ƣֻҪȨ򿪳Ͷ
öԴ˲κλ룬˵ɳ˾VἺΪ˵ǺܺģȨ˾Խ¼ӹٽǰ̹ƻסˣͶ
ǷŭǳȨ˭Ըٴ̣ԼɱԼˣɱɱȥʲô壿ԨΪۣԭǶȥƽңƫҪԼ˵򣡡
Ŀһ䣬ܻΪȨһ֮˽͡һƣԳȨ
ݸмȨ󹦳ڹᣬȨ
ʺߵ룬Ȩñӣɣ˻ʹ
ֳӹҲڣЦӯӯĿһмģȨӺʺ
ʺ;ƣһŮӹȨŮЩ죬˼ţŮӵ³һֱ̽/Ȩʺ
һ֣Ȩ
ýȨͷ͸ǣɺǽǣ׳ȨͷǳţӭӺӼĴʡ
һϵսʹ˻⡣
źӼķϺگ顪ݵαϡ
һΣȥʹ߱ƷϺݣӹ£ӻʹ˽ܭǡһθ뿪ֻ죬Ҫס
ŷϺگ飬ЩΣ˼گˡ
˭֪ݲ޹ϴθԸǣ۶ǺӼҪݵһӣķн䲻䵱Ļʺ󣬶νˡ
˵Ϻگ飬䣬ĸýȥϢ
۷˵ľˣϽɡ
ʴگ飬˼Īе״ϺϷˡ
αϵݽӹگ飬һݾգʱԭأһŷӦҡŷϢˡ
жУҲƵ뿪ΪʲôҪԴһǵŮأ
ͨŮӣǻʺ󰡣һ֮ĸΪҪŷϺһʺ
˵
ͣתкηԸ
һ¡ˣһݣܣ񣬡ɱĳˣĳͿأһæ
һЬ˵̨Ҽҵɷ򣬵һͷҺǣһϡкӼչˣǷĵģֻΪӣҪһЩӵı֣Ϊתϡ
֪ӼģԻϿ϶õõϣֻһֱɷ򵱺ʼǣţһƬĸġ
ʽӹĳһ͵ʵ۱С
ڶ̨ԱȨֹᶫ˾Խ˰ִӽܭǽӳ
Ȩƽη־Ӷ̨
±ԶĶ̨ٴ˺Ӽ˾֣֮õʲôСˣҲ޷ǰʱȥܭ̽ݡ
ĸףδٴν
˱Ƚ侲óʿʱľ޺ĽĿ˼öˣʵĿûԵǵŮֻԶ֮ͣ
һ˵ʴˣһֻûʲôԣףҧ˵ĹУһ㲻ҧˡ
Ϊ˰οӣ˵ʵۣӾȲѣ⡭𣿡
˵Һĸһ𳤴ʲôûҲῴ۵ġ
ܿ죬ʾʵж֤˵Ĳ²⡣
̨ٴӼ֣֮¶˾Խ̱ˣ˾ԽͺӼ߿ս
ĶʵǿúӼӼ·磬Ķֳ̨ʲô۶ӣگ̴Ϻݣ
ǰֻǷϺҪˡ
ֵ̨õϢɳĸϵĲ˽ҹ̸ϵϢãҪ̰ݱ
յϢʣĲȫټˣҸ࣬ĸҲԼҲϲһڽܭ漯ᡣ
Ϻ򣴨ϣʿھǵĹԱҲ׷ӦܭǣΪϺ顣
һֱݲܲʵ̩ɽҲˡ
ǰֻǷϺҪɱݣӼǵ˵ߣŭˣ
ʿ壬գӼҪɱݣҲ׷ӿϽͷʵľܭǡ
ʸոǫ̃ɱݵگ飬ͷβͶڴϺݽҪϢ
ʵ˵ʲɱݣճһ޹Ů˵Ѫǣɽò˳ӺӼ
ӣò׼˽ܭǣͿӹţڽܭǵĴſڣֹƵĺӼĸȥ
ţϣù֮𣬾Ȼͷ¶ķƻĵۣ
ӼҪɱҵĸףԵ޹ʵģ
ҵĸʱӼЮȥҵĸҵʱΣگ飬ļάߵԱǿлչǵ¸Һҳϣ
ĸΨһĴûоӣûȨǸߣǿʳ׸ԲݣǳȻ򣬿ǸλˣΪʲôĹͷϣ
ĸ׵ôǵ桢ƽգǲǶӦȥĸ׶ɷꡢԹҳϡŮչˡ԰Ÿոһ׶͸ҸʣͱҪˣ˵ԩԩ
˷׷Ӧԩ
һֱ͵ĺӶҲţϹˣһƺȥѴ֮еƸķˣѵһҵϡ顣
󵨣ǺӼ͡
û˵꣬Ӷһ˸ĸԲ˴׳ĸ첲һưѴȵԭشתȦ
ﻹȸ״󵨣ҶԹ񣡡
͵Ŵ󵨣ҷӼ֮ݣ˭ı
ǰ˵ǺӼɷگһ˾Ҳگɱ˾֮ʺϷ˵گαگҪ֤گαԷ˽گ
˼ĺÿ棬һ˫͸ϣگóֽ֣ӡȫ
һ˵ٵġ
˴ԩðگݸĸ£һ
Ҳٵġ
νֱָˣôĵӣȻگ飡
ʴͻΧ٣ǿ˾ǣȾҰҲگ飬ģ
ʿŽܭѹѹˣвȨʿ壬ǵģȻ
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ҲΪιʹ˵ѡɱ˴, һ˲䣬ֻ֪¥ġ
һǵˣӦúͿȥ
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گǼ٣Ӽã˾ը, ֱɱȥˣٴαƵΣԵ
Ѿ, ʸɴһݣͶ˶˾Խ, ɱغӼľӣ˫ս, ӼҰ, ΣԵ˸ѡ
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̨ƿ˿ܻʵۣͻ
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ݵ
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ʵԴӸŶ˾Խˤպ彭£ಡ齡
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ԭֲţԼ˲統ʱµһÿͲˡ
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Ȼ͵ʱϾֲѰ·Ϊ罨õϣǰȺãպ¿Уѧ¿УΩΩФߣԲޡ
ٱ¿кˣǰݼ˾ȹ󣬶õֹ
ȻҲаԸ˵ýֵġ
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ûжףһʮ꣬ӻʮ꣬ûףЩƫˣݺͲ綼ż޸ãȴ׮¡
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ԣöܣûʲô֣ںܶѾѡˡ
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¹ΪԣΪ㱣һƮƮȻߵ
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Ǻεᱻ峤ļŵ㲻õҡεδش򲻹ͷӡ
ˣԶײڣ峤˽첻͹ٺ𣿡絭Ц
ƽţū󺺺ʹԳ֣սһڼսսӱɢռΪĴٶ·ⲻҪҲǮƹ꣬ĸӶ˾ͱż·ϸȥˡ
Щģ˵ģϲһ·µġ
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ͼذ粻Ŷ峤ôܣ
ʲôܷɣҲвС
Լ˵ֶϱܹ񣬼궼Ӹλ֦ͬﻥǮһһ𵣵϶ϱˣҵŮ
Եһ٣ڵᣬŮ޸̫Ϊ̫Ϸ̫Ӳϣ̫ӣҶŮӻؼңŮ̫Ӻ룬ն̫ӵĹϵûбС
ָ⣬֮ңöʿԪˣӶϡӶЩϲеĴ嶼ˡũϣεȻԻʹ壬꣬ܲɱޣûȶҡũϵĸϷ̫ڽܭǻũš
ֶϱΪڸһУ棬ȥڲǺͻʱ򣬼ʹǿ飬ʱҲŮһı硣˷θ֮ԣ˼
˵ÿһ仰ȷģ
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ɷڣǰʱţΪʮˣһͣܺͲʲôֻʮ꣬ҪӵģԲ˲ͿͣŲߡ
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ܣȥ鷿ãڵ¿飬ĸˣ̷鱾
ĿתĿá
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İõģί顣
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ûеôϵŮճŮ游峤ǵճϮӵľλӾǵճĵճŮѪͳ֮ѪͳŮ
ƾӵĳʿ壬Ǹſ´࣬ʮ꼰ǣ˵ýýҪ̤żˣɲѡŮ
ǣ͵תÿ϶ʮģɣ֮ңգÿ϶Ҫüصġ
˰ݵĶӣҲԼĿǣǿӲĲҲҪӣͲһֱ˯ɷһֱһֱֱӲֹͣ粻뱻һδεסʵڲ˯ɷˡ
οǸŮӣһҹ̫Ҫ׵Ķ࣬Ӷĸ׼Ϸ类ڽܭǶˣҲĺúõģ
Ͽǣݻ˺ӡ
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ڣҲˣֻ뷨Ӳӡ
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ìܰôǴֲòѡ
ֵѾʱ
Ͷ̯ƣУֻӤݣӶˣֵԼδٴֱĸǡ
ԶһЩ鷿мĺϣ־룬ҪӰжϡ
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úʮ㣬£鰸˿ûоȣš
⺢˼Լգ綼͸ֵżˣȽףԼôģҲʮˣǸˣһӵĴ£ûѡֻӼİż޸㸸ס
ǽʮˣʮӦҲҺ㸸׵Ĺϵ㸸׺ܺúܺõģǣҺʡҶӣҵûеõĶԹĿͷҲųһ㣬ʵڲʲôζԣϣܷЩʲôĸ֮ý֮ԵĹƨأװ׵ĸң㣬ԸԸ⵱ӹɷ򣿡
úϺաĨǵĹٳ˵ϰˣԲڵʻ̫ĶӿԣѴԸˣһʱ֪λش
ڿж֮ɫˣѶӣ˵һɷ򣬲һɷҪΪеӵδΪڷ絲꣬ʲôѣ벻ͬʹࡣ
Ǹĵġǿĺӣۿģ׼ûһݺãʮ.ֻǣһϹݣƽĶۣӹһʿϱѡԼͷһ;˵һؾʺ󡣡
֮ϣ̩ɽȻ֮£õ˫ֽסֱˡ
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õұһֱЩ, ҿ϶Ҫһֱȥ
׼𣿰
ӵĲֱѶһٱᣬȻ˫ȶ, ֱӰѶӵĶʵ㵽벻뵱
Ҫڡ
֪ĪĸĲһ, ֻشǻ߲ǡ
ñƵǽǡ
þúĸ׹̫ͨѣҶ˵ô, ĸôһҰ
÷ʵʺѵǹˣ
˭Ҫ
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øˣӳ˼, ܼ޸˭
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ͷӲŸոʮ갡, ôµȥ֡
ÿĸɱ, ʱ˵һӦ顪Ϊڷ絲꣬ʲôѣ벻, ͬʹ࡯, û˭ܹ
ӹõġΨһѡ
ྭϿĿ, ʱѵ, ̫ˡ
ĥ͸ӵ˼øĻӦ̫ʵ̫ˣŮ£ѵǽߡô
̸̬ȣıΰݴӽܭȳʱ侲ݣΪӪ
ڲ֪ֻһˣǾ׺ݡװݣһܲƻԼǿɱɱҲһ飬ӲԵĿǣһж飬ȫûԭûеߵĸ粻ϲףҲóϣ׶ݾ氮
׵İǻѪڡ
øպ෴ķӦһ侲
Ӧòûף˵׼ǡϲϲһͶһ︺¡
ǲһģڴСϴˣʹöӻ˰ΣӰ˶ӵжϡ
ϲסˡ
ӲʮʱͻȻĪó˵Ҳܽİ⣬͸˵ʲô֮䲻ʣҪ
ļǵãʱֻǿԼգòˮһˣ֪޾԰ӸҪһ
ǸʱûоôĥѣҲʲôȻ͸ϲ
ߵǣȻͰӻ˵ǲʣ
õʱʵŶǸӵˣԲʧʧ䡣
ýӹӾӽˣԷ̣Һʱ˵ϲ㣿ֻǰ㵱ѡߣ顣
ʱӺΣ̽ǿЦ˵˵
룬Ŀô˵ʵܳʵǸʱʼʵûˡ
ʮǸ죬ӹ͵ϴ裬װ֪۾ӵŮҪȥˮд걳ĳȣ˱仯òϳȥһͰˮһ
صġ嶯кͷӦ߳ܡ¡ȴ㡣
Сʱ͵͵ڱǣֺ±˷֣͵͵ֿ߳ģĳǷûָо
ĸ˵ϲ
ôĸأӾǣ͵͵ĳԡƷܸ߼ҳģ̫ˡ
İһҼȻҪȢȻᡭϲȱһɡ
Ҫĸǰӵĸ׶˵ɰͰ͵ģ㱨
úȫˣƻ𣬴ӲİȾƣ⡣
Ѱ֮ñ˿ģ͵͵ڱǡ
õıϰµģ̫ˣ»֮ҹǲǵҸǰ̽
ޣϹ롣شҪһҪȷϣ˵ղ峤ã˵ľҪ顣峤Ż£ٳɣٳӣǣ峤ɶеӵĸĸˣҡҡ׹ڲϣǸѱܻǰ̡е־Ҫ뿼
ղŶӸȷϣö޾ᣬ˵ѾˣҵΣĸײҪٸҵơ´峤ĸײҪᣬֱӺ峤˵ӹŵǸĹλǿӵĵλģ
ӹŵǸĹλӵԭʧȥģ࣬ȫƾԼ£ѵǿпϣ޻̸֮
ˣҪֽкãӿڲ̫ˣֱܰ峤ȥ
ȭһ˵úãȻĸԸ¾ôˡ֮ǰȿӹ˼
䣬þ˵Ըġҵɫˡ
һôֿ֪ɳܵĶŮĹϵ˲õаѵҲӦ̫ˣô˵ദĻᡣ
ĵ͵ңҵı͵ҵϴ˾֮ģ˾֪
Ȼ˵ڣ˵Ҿ֪ǵ꣬˭ܱȵңΨԺᲢۣȻǸŮӡ
ҿǸŮӡҪȻһһЩۡ
Ůúã˵е²˳٣վͽӹĻȰֻͻС¼޵Ǽңʮ꣬ǲԲ
ʮǰһ̣Ů޸ӣ֪Ů˵Ŀʹϣӵ׼˵
֣òɽı΢ı仯Щ죬¹ĸףұӹСһ졣
׶ӰѵֻԼô
˷ܵĴ֣ϣ۾͵죬ҲǸ棬ߡ
ŮӺϣ֮ã˼գշת࡭
ʫһƪ¡͵ҵ״̬дʵ
ͬʱʹ
ӼǣݺŮͬߣĸŮ˵强
СʱĻ
§ŮĳӵδѣѼǣǸӡ
ýϾƻлʵ壬żŮ޸ãһɽǸҲüް
ڶ֮ǰҪȷŮ⣬вᣬҲҪ̯ơ
ӣϲ𣿡ʡ
оŮһŮɵ˵ϲһֱϲ
˵ɣʵŵҪҲ˺ö˵˼ĸ׿ˣ
ݾŮûֵҲϲɣϲϲǡ޸ϲ㶮ҵ˼ɡ
ݵӿûϡ
ĸ̫͹ҵģҶˣ
ѵȡЦҶҪˣವһ´ݻֱĸҪõҵ
ݱŮֱӾˣŮô˵һ㶼
ΪǲŮˬԸһģһ
ݳͷԸ𣿡
Ը⣡Ӽݵ֣ƻĸʲôʱøң

79 

Ŵ΢ѩ⣬ݶܿ˫Ŀ貵Ĺâ, дϲá
ʱ, ݵ˫ĿҲƵĹââڽ֮Ҳûгֹˣӵ֡
ǹ, ݿף֪Ůϲáҵϲ
Ӱ, 㲻Ҫż, ôʱ, ҵĶӣɷ, ʮܽĺܺ, , Ҳŷġ
ŮĴߴ٣ݵռӷ˽ǾͰ¶, Ǵͻ顢ϰ֡»ڡȳ, ֣ȹ깫޽ϣǾͿԡ
Բˣ˵, ܻӭίԸ, , ӻС, ôǰ˵߳ܵ顣
ݸŮӵӹǻûгɲܹ
ǲԸ񣬲ʣҺÿԸ
ݶŮòã
ŮӤʵôˣ˯
ĸ׻ĸһռӷ˲ô죿ȥòã
ݼֱ֪˵ʲôãŮƤ֮񣬳ⷶΧ֮ڣڹͷó綼ģżʲôѽ
˯
СèƵڻﹰȥֵŮݲòԿӣٲͣ˯ˣ춥źȦӷˣݲһǵδŲϲô졣
ӱϾǽСȲ绹Ҫţ賤ŵĺܣҾͷؤ棬ӷҲϲҵġĸǾ˵Сʱӷ˻һƬʲôû
ݵҲ㲻úúô磿
סŮߴ磬̲ˣԹ˯
һᣬŮ΢Ͼǳ䣬˯Ƕ࣬Ҫ£˯š
Ů˯̬ݸһշת࣬Լ£Ҫʹһҹ
ңĿһҹͷʪ͸ˡ
ûܼ޸Լϲˣܽϲ䣬Ӵһ빬ƺ
ʢĻ߳ķ䣬ľżƵı游ŪţʵԼŵԡ޸׳ջʵۣҹҫͥҾܻ
»ҹͰ׳ջʵۺƣΪ½ȴһ̣ǰ׳ջʵֻߣճյĿ񴿾ÿ
ǺߣǺ£ǿ򶨣ϸ˯ˡ
ʵ˵Ӧ˯ˣھΰвôƯŮ˾ͼˡ
ʵ۲˯ţʵۿĲοСƵḧı
ǰֻ壬ŵ⬡
ܽţҸ㽲°ɡʵ۾˾Ķ䣬ϳǰŲͷʱоҵıҽµġ
ǰиСӲӵȰ棬Ҫȥˮˮһֻ񣬽
ڸı䡶ɽĴ˵ûʵܹԽ
ʵǸӣһĹԺӣ޸ɷĲңҲˡ
գ游ҲŵԣңͽﵱūӴԺڹΪ
֪УȻ͹ʮꡣ
ݻ£пǧʱֲ˯ȥ
ȻýˣǰѶӴͷżһ飬ȱ˯߶еĺȦ⣬඼ġ˺ȦҲӰ˧۾Եøء
翴ãĸǿŮԽԽϲ
ȦÿÿӰɫףСӵþһźá
ѶԼױ̨ǰǿнð£ױƣóۺУպǦ۾Ĩȥ
÷Ϳ֬Ĩ˾ռߣһֱûи磬ֵ̫ܴ򣬸Ҫ֬ۻüΣգĸײҡ
粻ܣǿƣ˵գĸ׵գʮ»̥˳ҡ
޿ĸͿĨ
÷۸סõĺȦȷ϶Ӻ覴ã⡣
ýգʺ˺Щô
֪ǰӹ̵ģȴԣ֪һرװ
ݵҺĸЩ˵ȳȥ档
֪͵ЦŰȥӣʰ˶ֻ֧Ů
һҹΣվͼˣüװƵξһʱЩȣ轵£˵԰÷ˣȥɡ
ͷƮѩʮĵֻһѴɡ
þɡӲҪ߿ֽ䡣
öסŲȻ䣬Ǿͻȥɡ
ǰʯͷԼĽţæĿڵղŴůԾ䣬˼ů䣬һ㶼䡣
æųѣûע⵽ôЦݡСϲ׽ŪĻ˼ǲơֱݡĽĸо
ֻвݣŴһԷѩɡ˵úӣŮ˶¶ĸЦݡ
ǸֱˬԸȲʵˣô˵ģ
ֵԸ񣬼ֱݣ˵ϲãʲôʱø⺢ǵ죬ʲô˵ĳ
ҰŮ̻İˡ
ֽкãĭ˵ˣڳõ˼⺢ҲԸģʵԸ⣬ãǶԷˡ
Ů£ú˻԰÷ѩгɾ˶;۽ǵˡ
Ӵʹ˰Բˬװǳ׼ĵõĻС
ɡ˳ƱסӣܲСĵ㣿ǻһԴô죿
룬ֻǸһŻỬҸǴġ
ĿԣûеСıĿĸ˵ĻѩѪĺ졣
ӳճյĸĸ˵ʲôأ׼
ã֪Լվһֱţֺᡣ
ãҡͷУźŤһ£һֱҡ
аЦһѩˣһҪɡ
ӽͷϵĺƤѩñͷϣȻ굽õĶ棬ͷպõõļ򣬡Ϳˡ
˾Ƶ÷ǻˡ
ʮգҪʲô
Ȼ㡭õνʲôУûҲУֲСӡ
ʣ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
Ȼҡ˵֪˶٣ʵʲô
ӿûУ̧ͷ̴ܿʮȵŮĸ޴ˣ˵Ҫ
û뵽һ͸ͼذίñ͵һѩȥˣѩ̼ܣ͵ؿǺ
ӳ˻Ÿı˳󣬺һٿ͡
ĿŵĴԳƽ̽ʵҪʲô

ӵĻشɴ䣬Ҿϲ

80 ͻǾޱ

ֻϲ㡢ֻ㡢ֻҪ㡣
ʮһ, ٶȱס
֪ϲ, Ͷɫ, ֻûϵֱ, ί仨ˮɾ
˫Ŀҫ, 촽ѩĺ÷ҪޣŮӯ, û塢ûдƣˮཱུ, ҹŵӣңξߢһѶѵľʹǰ֭, ֻҪսȥһҧܳԵ
þΪǿסҧһںӣҵа
ӾǸСħŮ, òаǺǵǯƣаһֻӵͻ겻ˡ
ͻƵƵײ, ײ, ڣӵűײ, ͻ˳, Ѿõȥ
ӿõľշ, УԼԽԽܹůʪıϢ絽촽ϡ
оĪΣգӱܵɪһ£ˡ
оӲԭǴ÷ϣͰõĶ֮£ǰã÷˷õĶҲ޴ˣҲ޴ӡ
ӻˡ
Ǹĺ࣬𿴺Ӻ͹ĵҪըѵ򣬸յƵڡѣһڴ㵱ӵһʺ̻ɴ㡣
õķˣ˷ֺ£÷ϣƬƬ÷ʹ׵ѩ£Ƭ˫併䡣
ñȺպ˽ĩջ󣬳ӵͻһҧȥҲܺǾ綾ʳĸˡ
÷̫ˣ磬벻ȦӣҲֹͣ˼ѾʧأߣϵΣձԵ
ͻԵǾޱ
һֱöǰȫġɿû뵽Σյһ档
յصòףʮ㣬ʵʲôǸJǹͷȰõĴǫǫӱħСǣˡˣֻ͵͵͵ͣռСʲôģ뵽˰ѴģֱӶĳǡ
ռС˳Դ׻ϲң
÷ڴݼ仯࣬Ҳ֪˭ȥˣΨʡ
ᵽΣգҪѣȴֱϵԣûа취ܾе̴ɣڱκ䡣
ýԣ¶Եһ棬ѹ**صСʱ͵˿ǣڱ͵ųԣղܣδǾԲϷŵġ
ӣ
һ˻԰ѩĽɺͼ³Եĳǡ
ڷſӣӵĴˮˡ
Ӿ촽Щ΢΢飬ͷ
ÿֱճյӣӿʼ˷ࡣ
ӣ
ǽӶ
ôûӶ뱻Ӷţ§÷ַïȥӴʱߵȽŷùЮС
ȻӶһģ߻˸ᣬǸСȣ᲻ǰ
Ȯ˳˵Ľӡһ·Ѱ÷ܣȴòˡ
ֻͣ½ŲſӣδĴ񣬡Ӷ
ŨױĨŮװͷкҲˡ
ϰˣӽʮգѾ˽͵
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Ӷˣְֶ࣬Сѩؾѩ
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ˣãЩΣûһ÷ÿ
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׼ǰֹЭĥ÷
ӶһƵİˣöʮˣϴСŮӼҪ֣ɲСʱ˶Ҫ֪ˡ
Ӷֹӻûޣܸ˵̫ϸԺҪСЩ
飬ֲˡΪҵ
ӶۣûвȵèҲСͿǼҵ֬촽ô졣
Ӷһ˵һĴףʲôûС
˵ѣҸղų÷ϵѩˣͶˡǸ㣡
ӶƭǴˣôƤҽ㣬лͻʺ˵ҡ
Ӿ֣켰񣬽㲻ҲΪʲô첻˵ҪȵðŴѩ
ߣҵĳǡ
ӶĺӣҲôģһˡ
ɻ󣬡ʲô飿Ҫң
Ӷֹҡҷһ󡣡
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ӶʱֲõԤУӶԸĸ󲻺ͣƺĸΪʺ󣬶ĸһСӶŲ˼ݣ߻ʺ
ԣӶһԼסĴ޷ƵĴŻһʺ̹ס
ӶҸɽʺӻæҪʺϢŭ
żˣ׷ʺӶ㵽׷ʲôϸϸĸң˵ܰ⣬¡ͱĸҲά㰡
Ӷ̾ҾǷŮ˶᷸Ĵ󡣡
Ӹˣʲô
Ѿδ빬Ӷסӵ֣Ҳ֪ô˵֪ˡ
ʱݻںͲ˻µϸڣӶҪʺ˲ҵæࡣ
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˵Ӷʲôû˵ӹԻı飬Ҳ֪
ĸѵǸɫģȥƫϢʺȼλɡ
£˰ѺӶӴ
ֻĸˣӶŵĿŴȼյľ̿˵Ҳߡ
˲͹ӣӶһڣ±ӣŹ˵Ҵǻˡ
ۣ
Ӻһڲ
㲻ΪʲôỳУ
ݾʱŲ豭һ漴ǿ򶨣Ѳ豭ȷڰϣʵšʲô˼
Ӷȥˣϸ¹ˮٳδ
ݵŮ˼żҲˣ϶ģЩͣ˾Ҹ򿴿
ӶҡͷҲңһġϸ¸ʴӳһԲҺܸˣͶ˼ƺ֧ˣѾ߷Ͱұȥ
ŭ֮ΣȻ޳ܣ
Ӷæ͵ǣûУҡҽž˵ᣬ·ǿбġ
ݵǸӣǿ׳κεƺӲѡ
ûвѡӶϵһֱ֪ʲôҺǰܶˣᳵ·һȻȻͷˡǸŮˣҲǸˣһտʼǾܾģ͡
סӵĶ䣬׼Ǵǵ飬ҪСӡ

81 ֮

û뵽, ӽѾû, Ǻӡ
ڶ䱻ס, Ľ, Ӷһ仰ǡ
, ͻỳУ
Ӵ󾪣סԼ͡
ӰѽĻһ, ᡭ¹ˮδͻˡ
鷳ˡ
ڣŻʮ, Ҫÿ˵Ľ׶Ρڣޱȿ㵽
ӶŮ˶᷸ĴḶ́ɿӵĶ䡣
Ӷ˵Һ֮ǰ
סӵĶ, ֶԴˡ
ӶС궼ûлУҴˣΪżȻһΡ
䡣
Ӷµ, ҴˣڹˮδҺܻ, Ǿƣ, ̣ʳ, һ, Ҿͻǲǻˡ
Ӷθһֱܺ, ΧּǶʱ䱻Ƚʳһֱܳԡ
ݶüŮ˳ˡӶȻвԶʱ
ӣʵö𴲵ʱ򡣡
ӶҡͷûУǾƣ룬ҲҪЪ
֮࣬ûԼʹ˵ûߵߣĸͱЩӷۣͬ˴˺øУѡǰǰ޵ģܹһ治ף˺ӣĸ͵ˣǺ°
һʱ֪Ǻã޷֣˶ΪǸѸ˵ѸǰǷǶ࣬ǿӲ˸ǣ徻ӹ㻳еĳһȥ϶ᱻΪˣҲѱסĺӡ
˵Ǿͱ𴫳ȥ
ѵӺһˣβصס
ӵǾװŲ꺢ٳţ㱾֣ڼ˼µĲӺرǰ󣬱Ҳỳɵġ
Ӷллˣ
ӶԸǿҲôߣûпסԼһʱݣ´һһ˵·ݻСװ举ŮȥѰ򿪸ӣ̥ǡ
ŭˣ˵˵Ϊ̥ôףŮֻ֮ҩϣһʬȹȻķջߣ⺢ԲҪҪȱסԼ
Ӷľݵ겻׵ļ䣬ʺ󲻾þͻˣһСܣǸӣǾѣ϶̫һֹĻڧʱͺӶһҪĺӡ
˺ͲȥĴ̥֮󣬶ȰΪ̥̫ˣͨһʬͬʱҲԼˣԼСǾͺúţŮһ𱣻С
¶ӣŮ͵תٹ޸̫ӣڹͷԼĺӣϼס
Ҳӣʹ汧һӤ̫ӡͨӤŮӤӤ
ԣĿ־壬û˭ݸס
ݶԼŮ֮ģŮֱĶ̥һʬ
Ӷ˵һʬͣ˶̥˼һ©ô죿һûߵġ
ߣݾúЦʺܴ裬һ֮ĸ˶Դϱμ̤ڽ£߲ߣ˾ЩΪȨ̬ٳˣѸʲôߣ
ôߵģҰļңΪҰɱʺַϣĳ룬ūˣ⻼ǻڧֹ⣬Ǵ߳ܣʷᣬ
ݱ̬ӶϣΪĸסȡЦء
ǣû뵽Ѹʲôߡ˵
ӶָжһʱǶĸ׽˵ĸ׺̫ҽ̾˽ͨĸ/ƾʲôӸλ˿ȢСţŮ˾ͱĸִʮ̩꣬񰲣߽ȹ̣ģɲЩǰܼңѴŪɽ飬ֱ
ϷòƽƽҶ̣ǸܹƿԼ˵ˣܱ˰ڲһ㣬ġԼľżƵıͬ˲ݡ
Ϸ³أôѤõŹʮ갡Զܼġ
ߵӶߣǵܣһڣһ²ŻΣһأҪţʱ߶ܵ²ŻԣºӺҪӷȰѺ͵ţòѶӲһ¶Ӿȥˣƣ˵лһԲĪţнİ취
ҲǿѹסǼӲˮڻеĿ־尲ο㣬ҲСģá
ŮУʧأӶšӢ¾塱Ĵ̹׵ģûջ񣬵õ˰۵һ޳
˹˵úﱧ¿÷׸ʺ
סˡ
˵ȥƫӷˣҪ
ˣӶҭҭģʱˣæܹȥʣôˣ˭۸ˣ
תͷŭĿӣʺҪѵŮú˵ˣΪΰѹˣ
ƽʯȹַתڷҧһڵǵһμ
˶ʱ̾Ϊֹ˻ľˣʲôʽ򹷶ܿᴹѴʱҲģ˭뵽Ϊ˺Ӷҧݡ
ӶæĸҡĸԴ»֪飬ûи
ݵĳ˺ӶֱӸĿڽĸˡ
ĸŮ˵Ŀ뿴ᣬ﷢ëʲôɶ£
ݣӶڳҭ˵ˣҽ㻳ˡ
ϲһ㶣󷢳ƵĺС

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ʱˣϳң
һԹż˿꣬ӶĶӶûκζϸ»ʵ۴ӳعӶˣ绹ûȾˣصƻصؿ磬Ҫһȡ
Ӷȵ߲ҪᱧطϾ£˭֪Ӷһմͷͷ£ǵһʵѣΪһƵԣ޷ԭԻ֮µġ
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᳢ͷͺӶҹĺأֱͻȻһ죬ӶˣΪǵÿ²ʱ򣬾գû뵽Ȼǻˡ
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Իϲԩң˿Цá
ӶعݺͲ˻£Ӽ÷ȴ˵ЩۣȥϢˡ
ܲȥӵ޹ﻹ÷㣬ζųǣõˡ
ݺͲöº󣬲ĸӻټ˰֮ʤߡĿǰѳֳĶ˾Խ
ᵽӵĻ£ʮ꼰ǣЩˣֻǻ壬Һǵǣгϲһ˵ŮĻ»ˣŹˣҪ޵ģŰӵĻȰˡ
ҴСųģòѧӹҽҲͼӷˣͬģھ͵Ŵͻʥּ붫ΪӺ֤顣
ӹʮ꼰񣬼ӷ˲ͱʺˣҲţոڳ͢㣬Ҫҵֻ֧֣ҪֵҪ㡣
˾Խ˵ȻҶˣͽʡȥּӹͼӵ֤ˣСҡ
֮ңЩ۸ҵķ󶼰ܵر죬ĺܲңȡѵݺܿ
԰׮ʮԸڴˡ
ԸʡϽѴ°ˣĪҪӣʵ۵ϲãżϲʵϣ׳ջʵԶȥΪѪͳǸ˺üԶףûʸ񵱴ԣ׳ջʵˣӻʵ۵ĵܵмѡһʵۡ
׳ջʵ۵ĵܵһǳꡢƵķ˭ʵۣһ׳ջʵۺÿƣԶϣʵܹþõĻŲźá
ķԸʡҵ̲ʥּ˾ͽϵ峤ϢȥҶة򲻿ɰ˼ӷһ˵˼Ӳ޴⡣
Ŷ˵ǻʵ˥ӹĻüޣҪʵ۳ϲ
˵ᵢ£ӵܣϣãƾʺѡ

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˼˵, ϵ, ûϲ㽨ǲԸ־ΪתƵĿ͹۹ɡ
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, ѹһиԸ
ݣŴ˾ͽܣʺӹĻҪ, Ӻʹ˾ͽͬõ
˵ڽ, дŴ޶ؼ, ԭָ֮΢дţĸи΢, ΢ȻҪ𵽵ס, ΢ҪΪÿǡ
, ϱͶӶġƲ
Ķˣ˾ͽ˼˵ӹ䲻ãӷ˶ӵĻ¶
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ڼӷˣõĸײ١Ů˳޴ӷ򣬵ȻɷľӣΪӣôɷ˼أɲС
ͬܵ˵ǸӶܸܵʺŭҲڸոմȨʱʺæ飬岻ãӹĻ»ܴϲϲտ˲żüãĿ֮˵˾ͽȻӶõĻпƼſʺѡ
ʵӹ޸˭ԶԶνѡƤݸܣ⣬Լ˵òУ˵˭У
׼˵񶫽Ӧ֮²ż汸ſӦĸϣͻʺͬ塣۱֣ӹױ硣Ķأǹһݹϵϼף֮ϰ
Ϻ̩ɽ϶ƹ壬ŵԣͨ
ܾѡģòͲŻ϶֮Ƶá
ǣ۸ϵĸϵѪͳӹȻΪ׽οѾˣͻνһֻҲǷţһȺҲǷţһ֧Ȣνˡ
ݺѪͳܺг⣬ȰʺǸѡټȿһᵢӹĻ¡
ܺͶԾúͲּǼ޸ãӺαʮʹҴҼǣ
ݲ̬˵ʹҹѡҲҪ͸ĸ˼֮Ҳǿ
ܶԻҡ顱Ӱʱڳ˧ãóׯѧ̸ʱ̫͹ѳֳƿܻʵۣũɴȨ㳯ҰŮ޸ܣԴϡ
ң־̫ᱨɴʳʳɢװɵΪŮʺϷ𣬰̫ڽܭˣ˺ũ壡º£ңȫˡ
ڻ̫ˣÿһüδϴܿҺݶʿ忿ףһ֧ѾͻմˣǾȢҪ˷ѡǰ;ӡ
Ҫһ˰סļ򣬵ĪҪ˺Ҹڰ˱ǣ취
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κ⣬ʿǿǣƾȨ˾ѣӵ游κة࣬Ȩ㳯Ұʱ֮һҪŮҡ
ʱ˾Ѹոп֮һиԴֱӾܾͰѾƵһ͵ʳʮ죬ԼˣҲȥةฮ˾̸۶Ů£˾ѱȷ
ǿƵ˾ڶŮڣܵۺ͸ûа취ˣʱܳǿкʿͻ¼Υ˻
ȭͷһò豭峤ŮվĸдŸҪͬõĻ£ԣҾ룡ҺðĸΪǣöա
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һֱĬ˵˽⸸׵Ը񣬱˵룬ĸʹҲûáĸ븸׺룬廹ǹɷĸ׶޷ߣʱǵڲۿѾûˣĸ׺Һһ룬ܼҲû˾ͽһλĸ׳
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ºһˣ촽ô죿ǷҪ޸㲻ɵġ
˵廹ϵˣ⻹峤Һ峤̸һ̸峤ͬ⣬Ҳ÷ԡ
æʣа𣿡
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˾Խ̨֮ܣѾŵĺġ
ǣܵļȻ򣬻ûüҴ󣬴ϵĺ߲䣬˵ͷһ˲˵ֶһ顢һİͺֱҲ̶á
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˵ǰ峤ǸҪǮ͹ǮҪ̳Ŀô峤ܾǸҪǮǮĸ߽֮ˡ
ʱѼҲƷָҾһˣɢҲƣӶˣԼȫ˰ᵽׯסš
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ڵã󲿷϶ɽҵһӶԴͷޣֻó˽գͲԣɲԽԽ
ܡ͵¡һ붼ǿƣӼ˵ģںܹ±ˡ
ԣõڿ࣬ܵĺܣ˵飬ֲģܿסȰһͺˡҾԲΪòġ
ǰҪ˼ӹϵıԹϳʿ̫ԭϡȻʺϷĸ׹ˣΪżϷ̫֮ԭϵŮ˶ܱ뺷ܲеǮȥٻ֮أڣϷͶܭǣ̫ԭҲˣܲٿӹɫɢҲƵ塣
ܰһӵκ˽ԼԼһЩʱա
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ܱ۵ʱиƻƣ䣬̸áſڴƻơܵıö֮ҲΪ˼ĳ
ſڴƻƵõĵϸղᵽٲǺ⣿
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ܴһȻֵּٷ˱ʱĲƸסˣֵͭǺֵģԭһٶ⣿
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ܵúβİһɫ㡭ң
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۵һžžԼ֮ì֮ܣǱס
ڱۡСſڴƻơ̳侹ȻԶԣ
ЦӴԺſڴƻƵҵˣȥǡ
˵ҲǱֻۣǲʵʵʤ۱ѡ˾ͽңĿ֧ҵӹӴԺұض˽ᶦ˾ͽٲˡ
ЦݣҼأ
ý˱˾ͽͨԡôҾûбȻ׷ˣһĸװӴм壬峤ҴӼ׳żɡ
ܣΪһŮˣҪ壿
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עؼˣȻð򶯶ԷǱ˵
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ӹΪ׸ҲӦ̫֮Ӱڹ, ܾ̰̫Ůӵ, ̫, ޣҲס˼ƽ
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Ϲһ·Сܽȥ͸ոսĺӶ˸棬ó·ùߣõԤǿҡ
СķźӶ㣬Īš
Ӷ˵һЩҪȥһ档
ˣԤбʵʱ󼱣ʵǧҪҪŵּͻ顣
Т꣬ҺӹĻҪ꣬бʡ
ϸ룬Ҳʲôˣó嵽˺Ӷǰ棬ܽ޹
ȸոżȻĿ
ϼݱˡ
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޵°ҹ˵һ޾ϾãѡΪ
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ݿ彥ȥĻʵۡʵˣһؼëʱֱˣһľͷƵģ·Żʵˣֻʣǡ
ӶУ³⣬ҪװΣﱧƫչˣֻӻڿޣԱ߱ο
ʺ߽ȥ˵˾ͽܣҪѡʮѡµۣģһᾡԻķǻ
ʵӻҪǿס˺źʼΪδˡ
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ʼնڵӣÿѣ޾Ļҷƽ󣬿ӵ¼ۣͷûʵֵڲǰµŵԡ
ס˶ӣȴӡ
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˾ð޸һϣûûкײݣֱǸĿܡ
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ݺĸŮںѵɥºǻʹŮˣԼĸ͢ʹĽȨһᣬҹںѵĸŮɥڼ䲻ܳ⣬뷨ЩζزˣǶһڷá
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ѩٴϿշ׷ʱҥ𡪡˵ݵʵǶ˾ԽģҪıλ

85 

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æлʺֹ΢ס
˶٣̽ʵʺӺѵʵۻʺЩҥԵ飿
ҥԵԴͷεۡ
Ͳȵ۳أܺݵۡһεƾŻʵͳݣ˺ЩˣȻԶԶͶͥ飬ǺԽˡ
ε۱Ͼֻжʮ꣬Ȼʵʢ棬ҲոյǻʱսսıһȥЩƮˣıԵ̽뵱ˡ
ҥε۰ָʹɢģΪڮѣȻᷢگ飬ɱ鳼֮ң㷽ҵǳôô
ݲ롢ҲҾεۺͶӻסںѵأεۺʺԵۺǿܣǿܵĿܣεۻǶݶҵ
ݺܴ̽ˮ˵ūĺʱнսǵйΪǻɳϸĴҥЩϹЩ֪գͳ֪ȵ֮ʶչˣôܺȵأ߹ؾϾĪҪ˵йĵ
֪˭ҥǾҪ˭ҥԵߡ
ūȷкܴɣֻǶΪˡ밲ڡ뷨ͷһεҥ
룬˵ĺеҥһʯãȨ¼ɡ
Щɿʺ˵ļǣҥôӴĮϣһǵ۹ɢҥԶҡģɳȥūá
һߣӴĸ󣬶ԻεۡεҲɣǰʺѵ˵ҥԵҿʺҲ̽ĸ󣬿ܷĸǱߡ
֮ң̫˻ڧ֪̾ҲͱƣҲ˵򶫺ỳҺε۹ᣬֻܰѴ³ūͷϣǷǡ
һ갲ɥҪʼˡ
Ǻɸ֣ˣİճԲԵıҲӱ߹أ֪ڧﶷȥūĶ֡
ҪԤСһԨ;ŵļ죬Ѿȫƿ岿׷Ͷ¹ԭǳ顣
һϢڧˣۣ˾ľơ
˽˵ɥڣʺֻںѵŹ£ҲܲˣͽհˡԷȥɡ²ܣԷ󡣡
ʱû𳴲⿷ʽֻˮ˿ַ˿࣬ɥڲܳ⣬˾Ͱ߲˶ѿʲôڿϣƵͿĨͿ죬ϺΣζһζˮҪĶࡪʵַʽͺĳ˺ܽӽˣÿٷȻһеţ飬ÿ춼
ϸչ£ݱĺܺãʮһˣɡһ껹˲٣ݺ˶Ҫˡ
Ȼϣʰδ빬Ĺ˵ʺټӹ
ˣû꣡
һǽ춫ݣõۺ¼ɣǻʺǲʣ
Ӿ֮ңͳ˾ǰŸߣҺžȥʺδ빬µģ϶ۺ͸¶Щʲô
ӲŲԼ˫İأʩƵĿԼݻЩȥδ빬˲ʺô죬尲þȥǻʺ󡣡
ӳƲȥҲ̧ȥֻÿֶ飬תʺ
ʺˣôԵķ֮ңһµĹѣߵúɫƣ²ǻΪʹŮ˻ĸ
ʺ˴˲ѵȵ̲֮ȥѵ̫ҽ
дʣҪ̫ҽƣʺҪ
Тһ꣬ȹƽʱ⣬;ˣǰ֮ʱƣڱʺҪ̨Ų¡
пѬϣҪǽɡ
ʱ򣬾ԲˣҪȻԺѵ֮ˡ
ǿܶѣܺαΪܣǶǹŮĸ
ԵۺǲȨδմأβ;Ȳˡ
̫ҽ͹һӺ棬ĺܣвݣ
δ빬Ůٵ˵˵岻ʣʺ̫ҽ
ʲôûУǹȻʺ
ӲŲæлʺģм֣̫ҽ
̫ҽסӵ
ѵввûûʺͻݣɲܲնɱҽ٢
ܲһǺûдλƿؿܻʵۺ׵ۡҲة࣬ƿؿεۡ
ô̫ҽ˭ǴȨˡΪۺĿɽ
̫ҽֿ֣ϣӹ飬ҪҸķӡ
ƣڹ̫͢ҽҽƽӹǲԹɫıһҪá
̫ҽ͹˻δ빬ʺŭ̫ҽΪΰӹûǿ˵в
̫ҽƤ򣬡΢ѧǳϳľ΢Ҫҩʺţ̫ҽȥӹϡ
ǲ𣬶㿪
ɳǸ̫ҽҲá
ʺѵĸŮ̫ˣҲԼʲô
գ͵ѵľ̿ʳľˮˣľ̿Ҳ֪ʲôȼ֮Ѭ˵ᡣ
һѵæֹҪ
ӵȻǡ񰡡
ȥ˻԰ŵ÷һ󱬿ϵѵգָһյأţֻˣȿ˴Ҫĳɲ԰
;ѣӷԸֻ⽨ѣҪֻĸµá
Լ֣ʳ
ʺû뵽һӻ˴Ͱѻʹϵüɹ߰㡣
ֻǿʼ磬ӶͽһֱӰѺѵʪľ̿Щţͳͳõδ빬ſڣȺӶĿٶӼֱŮ
Ӷһ涼ֱӶʺ˵ǮƳԽҾͰĸýӵһɥԺͲͷʺչˡ
˵ʺ࣬ƫƫҲѶȰʺƴѵ
ѵȡЦۺ󣬡ʺεĬϣŲŲĸŮҾöĿ̫ѡˣѡԲ֪ķ£ǣҪ۸ǣǵĻӻͶҿδ빬Ҫˡ

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ӺͺӶͷ, ݲֹ, ĸŮǿܲ٣ʲô˶Բһš۸ġ
ʺһӻң϶Ͻô򣬶ƿʵȨ, ۺҲҪòʺֻðѴŮ͢ȥһ˺ѵƵŮͷϣ˵Ůٴ󣬶ᡣ
סڻʹݸ̨£һˣʲô˵˱ǣϾȵ۵, ʺҪæŲٳּ룬Ůʺ鷳ˡ
ʺæ鷳, ֿˣҴʱڹͷ
Դˣ֮عгʺ󲻸ѵ
ݵ, ʺ״δӺѵ, ŭū߱ҥ, ͵, ˾ӱȵ۴ӳһ߹غͺʱнսūҰģɢҥ塣ĪҪ˵йĵ
ΪϴԩȻҥԲϣ˵ʺ˶вȶò˵ЩΥĵĻ
ͬʱںҲһҥԡʵԨõçλĹѡ֮ӣүպġ
ʵԨǨƽɽٷڣĶԽԽˣ¹ԭ֮Ȼҡ
պáӷˮдһš±֮Ǵ˺¹ʵçùʵԨƵһϷѣ˭ᰡʤʱҪдˣʤԨ˾٣ҪɢΪʶԭ׼
ԨˡԨ⡱֣Ͼ˺ʵΪڣԳɽ֮󣬺ﻹӵλء
ȻԨҪڣҡײƭ˾Խɱݵۡʺ޳ܡ
˫ʼսҥǸĹߣԨӮҡ
ݵڴһϢƽַۭѾɣɹ˼ɣͷʤ
ΨһĺϢˣ˾ԽϲΪۭƽұУ࣬ڰ֮мΪĿǰĴ󽫾ʤ̣ⶫƽ˵ǴΨһϣˡ
ƽǶˣ´ʤ̣ӣͬʱȺ;йţǶۭӾΪƽ
ѳֳ˵˭ͷ˭εۺ͵ݵһֻ˵ة˵ļǡȻԹԸ
Ǻε۵һְԽϾԹۭʤʤŴھԵǰҥ˺εսսʺʱͣˣٸҸʲôСԹԵܡ
ۭʤϢѵӸ˵סˣΪβμ˹ַۭ꣬Ҫˣ
ʮãȥ÷ֵĳʱóζΡ
һֱԴδֱ̬ȵʤϢֹˮҲһ˿֮󣬻иյĻ᣿
ΣʤǺ£ֵ˹ʱ򣬹﹬϶Цݡ
Ӷ϶ϲ֮ɫ˼µŮǼįݵһڹɥлŲл̥ͣʱһŮŮӤǿ׳ҪƷݶڹţ¶ڣǺӶվʹᱧŮȥϸˡ
Ϊɫһ·ַչιӡӶҪڽϰŮ󣬲ҪٻǷ֮أһ룬ò
ۭʤ̣ӶҲŴǲǿľشӴҪˣ
ȾȶҪᱧŮصȻװżʲôģŮΪŮΪݸŻصһžۡ
Ĺܶ඼ûӣе˵꣬ᱧԽϥµļįǹǹĸ൭ģǸǿƢأǹҲûáΪҪסλ뺷磬Ҳڡˡճ֮ŸΪΪ
̫ƽȮˡݹ˶ӡ궯ǴľʼػϣƺҪЩͷ
ǣһСҪ飬Ȩ
εһİԽϾܶ˿ȫʤѹε̧ͷʹС̣Ҫ
ε۲Ǿͻһòݵ˾ϵʵ۱ˣضҲּɡ
ǣ»ʷةõ򶫺ϵε˾㣬ʮ˾Ϊʵۡ
ΪʲôѡΪ׾˾ˣõµ÷ҪȹϵƵλ
ѪͳҲǽ˾׵ӡ
ºõΪ϶Ӧǵ飬˭һأʮε̫ˣȻū˵ɱȵ۵ҥȻһʮ귪ʵۡ
ǣû뵽˾ԽҸˣ˲ɸҵۣҲȣܹסҪһĻʵۣȨ֣һܻʵ۸飿
ºõֱʺӣţŭʵ۲ŵǻһ꣬޴ΪҪϣΪӣԻʵ۲ı֮ˣ£Ƶնʾڣҿ˸ҶԻʵ۲
ºõ͹˶ؽĴƨɱ֮
ɷı֮Ҫ塣׾˾ˣõϣںĩֱȥԭءнϣнǲܲı誵ĶǶ࣬˲żüá
Ҫõ壬ضʧȥʿ֧֡
Ƕֻǽؽ˽ܭǣɱºõ˵壬Ӵ˷ϳ̷ֻɱ׶񣬲꼰ݡ
άεۡϳĿ̣Ӯÿʴȵ˵͵£Ǵ֮ˣеþȡ
ѵݺӶԶ۴ΪĹۣȡ˰֮ҵĽѵЩֹɱڧҪڶսᡣ
ˣǹ֮Ұ

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ƽۭʤ, ʦس, 䶯ǣźͰ
ˣҡͷʲô, źͰǿ˵³һһңնɱʹײס
һܹûʲôȨҶ˵ĺܣûģǺšҽС
⼸̫ˣҪһżսʿοԼ, һ¡
һѷ֮󣬻͹ۭΪֵܣ
֪ۭƽ, ˾Խ壬˵λ֮˾Խ͹ۭΪֵܣ˹ҵͥ, ƽһɳ, Ϊ塣
ۭм, ҪΪ˾Խ縰, ǡ
˰칦ȵþˣŹۭļ򣬱ʾôܿõܵأҷΪݴʷѴõһݸ㡣
ۭϲƽ񵽷⽮Ʒ޺ʿƷʿĽ󣿵ة壬ͱȡЦƽ̫ˡ
칦ۭظѣѻɽĹ¡
ʹεսսºõ˵ɱɱˣˣ̷Ҳһ˵ϾͷϣεЩƿһУһ쿴˳ۣǲҲ˵Ͼͷˣ
εۺܺ£Ϊɱݵ۵ҥԣҲзݡ߱ˡĨڶȻһᷢگټַģǺѵʺƫҪԣڻݵ۵ϳҥԣΪ˵
ɶŮˣ
һ죬࣬϶ҡ
һʺǿ񣬰ο²õģҥֶûͷûβģ鲻
ǰݺͻݵ۷Ŀܵۺ沨ĵۺˮķεԷ޲ֻǵܣҪʵȨֻжʮ꣬ʢ
εۻǺ£УǱ׼ӦҪ֣ǲѵλһ׸ĸ򡣡
εƲ׳ո磬Ʋľżʺ󣬾ûãñ۸ߴɩ·
ʺ򳪸棬Ҫô׷档
εӲ̫УǵӴ󰡣˵ţȫºۭսۭܹĹΪβܵҵĹҵĿۭͣҪν
ۭմӶٰ칦ؼңʹʹ٣ۭʥǻʵ٣ȥҲá
ۭ˼˳
ۭʱóѽΣۭˣٳٲãżӭ̴ɡ
ǣƥڹȺ򣬡ҴˣӪߵںͷӦӪ
Щȥֲ̣ǹݵģΪӪĶ
֣ˣ˱ߵҪԺӪһ顣
ĸˣǡ
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һƥסðײյǰǰ۲һһɴȻˡ
õ·Ͱ͵̲ˣൽմʲôգһһ飬Сͯˡ
ʹˣһϴĸɸɾһȺͷ˱иĿܹһͷĶｫҳ
̫ÿˣ
ӴװʱҲʲôˣȥã
תȥӣæ߳顣
ڰѩɽꡣ
ӵõ˱ۣۻˡ
ðο˹ͷҽľ˵¹ͷͳ£ˣҪġ
һȻӣְοͲˣγ˹ջ񡣡
һǻұҲҪȥģҵ˵ͻС׼ȥãĽ㰡
໹οӣϰΪ˱첲ϵ˾Ǿ˵ѫ£ð
סã˱ϣ
ѩû뵽ӻôԼ֡
ϰ࣬ӣҪƿα֣Ҳɵˣõ֣ıӵͷպõļͷ̰˿㡣
࿴ˣ˼һСΪʲôҵӵǴӡ
ӦڼӦжۡ
ǣˣģТӳһˣҲþȥ
Ӻɰһӣ߿߿ģͦÿģ
ĵĹӿˣ˲ſϷ֣سǡ
öȹϹƤ˵ɫˣﻹؼңҪżġ
ùӲţߣߣúҡ
һɫûУƯķżҳ֮ǰͼ˵ˣҳԷְѷӶ͸ˣҺϲΪһңҵĹͳҵģӷ˰ѹĺܺã˶ۣӷ˿ɴˣҼʹ棬ʱڣϵĶóˣҵȥҴ󱥿ڸϻҪҡ
ͷˣҼҲͰˣһѩҹʫʸ踳̸ء
޵ġ˵һˡЩס
ԼѳֲסáȥӶ϶ĽҪĶ䣬˹ȥݣӶԻвص⡣
ΪǼϲˮͻ˻Уŵʮ죬ֱˮڶŷġ
ӻТҪأԲֳţԣǲ
һʱˬл᳡һºпܻС
ɫǰԼ¡Ů˶᷸Ĵ󡱡仰ҲǽӶ˵ġ
ߣƤٺҲŮ˶᷸Ĵ
Ȼģþ޲ͬĵ
Уһ˳Թ
Թַ޵ҡԹӶమɱú÷ųžϰˣԽԽ񫡣
ӷŶӹ˵ĸ첲
ϲ࣬ؼҵһ¾ҪС˰ϴ¡
ϴ֮湫ӣ۾ֱˣ࿾ŶӣһھϡԵüɫ衣
ŮΧãսϾʱǧ֮ĺƽʵԨڲϣһϢ
Ԩ׶ӣ׶й⣬ͬĸĵֺܵҲԨļ֤ˡ
ֺ곤׿òʺԭʿʿΪֵܵĸŮļ
ļ걻ū°֮ӣܲؽߣȢļ麺ֵֺūͳԨǻ
ֵܴСĸļӰ죬ѧϰԭоֹʿһֵܳΪֳԨıʿʲôԳΪɽʤĺˡаλ룬Ҳֵĵӡ
Ҫ¹ԭҪ˳ӦԭĹ񷨺ͼ̳ҵڡֵǺĿԪѫԨƵ֮󣬷Ϊ̫Ϊ˾գǵܵܣҲεĳӡ
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Ʊʮʵǿ෪ҲӲȣԨ⳼ֻŶǣԱȨճ˳򽻸˶ǡ
ӹرޣҲſޣһӣλֲģǴһҪǰ棬̫Ṉ֮̀ˣԭ͸̫ͣӵǻΪ֮󣬻֪ô
ԣӿ޵δģ׿޵ʵ⣬ǰ;ҵ֪ܻ죬ˣŮһ涼̫ˣ
̫˵Щ̳лλʳĿ׻
޲ˡԨҡͷָֺ꣬ǻ֮ҪĻǶѧʵˣ֪ͨԺŵܵ¹ԭϵ£Ҫ£ĲӰæλܵܣ̫ӽͿˡ
ܱض̫ƽԭһͳ¡ֺĨĴӦֵǲļĸ׹麺ֵܱӣǸԨһֱάǡ
һ뺺˵ѪͳĸײļǣһūѪͳū˱ȴ֣Ȼ߶òͬǾ͸ɴūԭһгһܹ¹ԭūͺںϣͲֱ˴ˡ
ԨͬĸĵܵܣҲ̫Ӧĸܵܺһܵס
ڿУԨݱԨһ̫ͼλ
͸ոյǻ׾˾˺ĴԼס
ǻҵԨٵȫϼˣֺ궼ڣ˾ȴųڹ֮⣡
Ԩˣֻˡ
ءɴɱڵзȮ
˵ĴȮͻϲ͡϶бϷڱλˣĻɲ֪Ȱ¸Ͻ㣬Ϊǿ
һͷ侲ıʢ˵ȵʬδ餶ûаᣬɥ»ûа꣬Ҳûı¹ԭĴҵҲûгɹǧҪ嶯ڻʱ򡣡
Ӳţ˺ӲܲŰڻںӶأɵİŸˣ
һͰʢɱˣҡߣն
ʵͱṈ֮̀ˣ׾˾˶ˣ޷أһݣɱĴмĶȮףֺ֣ͳͳɱ
Ĵͬĸûɶ飬ӸǸˣձȨ˸Ϊ󣬸˼
񵹺ˣʵҪǶɱˣʹĴͬŽֺ͡ӦҪʵ͵ģת;ͱ˾˺ȳˣȻûмɱ
ʲôɵX
ְܼ¹ԭһͳ£
ֵֺܶͲκϣˣԹ׺ĴһɱʵͣѴ֮Ͱµ۸Ūˡ
ϵǻΪʵۣΪˡ
ڧ˾ҸѪҡ顣
ΪȨǶһ䣡

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, ͵ǻû죬˴˾˵Ĺƻ, , Ĵͬһˡ
ǸˣԼʵıλ, ΪϴԼ, ʾԼ޹, ԻλʵһȤûУһжǱ;˾˺ƵģҪĵVǻʵۡ
˵ĵܰ, ֵΨһĵճ, պļ̳йе, ޵ղ, ֻɱ˺ҹļ鳼, ޴λ֮⣬ʵۻ
VĸԨĵʺ󣬵ճ, ҲС
Ĵ, ʵǿ, ʮ򾫱, ʱɱʵ͵ĵѪδ, Vҵ
Væƴ, ܵҲѧǳв䣬Ҫʵȵ¹ԭһͳµԸ統ʵۣЩܵ
ֻ˼˼ѣ͵VԼ˳ⷬܵϵϾͲˣǻΪۣǻһ£ǲVΪ̫ܡ
ϲɫճһѣȱӵ̫ӣʱΪŽܵǣȺǰʾʵ۵ĸƷ£ƲһѰ̫ӵ׶ˣΨһճĵܵΪ
ңϣɱܵܣɱ˾ˣ˺ȵǸˡ
ֵֺܿôϷܹ˽ʱƣӴ룬֪ǸֵøĵҲͲںԨˣʼһ˼Ϊϸ蹦̵¡̵λ
Ҳʲôöǵ˻ʵ۵ģܹ˵ŵ㣬УʲôȻȥõء˾ҲŮˡ
ǣҲЧҶ硣ϴһӣ˸ɵܵΪͳ
һƬȷѪ꣬ͬҲٸУӭµʱ
ڧѾֳʤڧڼ
˵򺺹ʵԨݱæͬҲٸ꣬ʱûй⡣
ڲķѾǧˮʵİѾӿˣֻǱ滹ƽģããһƬ
βۭĴʤɸ˥Ĵһǿļֵܣ˹ۭ⡣
ȻһĴ󡪡ոմӶ칦ϻؼңžȥ˻ʹεۡ
£Ǵ򶫺˭˲֪εĲͣ
ټʵԲȥϾεǸܻʵۣȥʵû취ʵεټۭʱֻǼͶҽһԵ̬һɹء
ۭԲȥҸڣװ
ǹۭȶƣˣöԼɸˣΣʵ۶ѣͻʵʲô˵ı
ʱŷ԰壬˴иӷ˱ܲٷ²˹йŮӷ͵ߣͷɵţԹŲɡ
ۭãͶֵֵ֮꣬ܡ
ԣۭĽʵۡ
εۿϲɼҪеģһɹءεۺ͹ۭڻʹ칦磬ݰ٫֮裬๬֣͢һͿ䣬ѹۭһ˵ǰ޹ˣߵʲôŰ𶼲
ۭƽûʲôʶ͢ƻֺ꣬˼主ֻжʮʵۿţ緢˵Ҫ̤ƽūɽʱĿȼ˹ۭѪ
ۭСʵۻ治Ƕߵ˵ӣˣСϲ̨ıСˡ
εһһѹۭſˣֱΡ
ε˰ѹ̧ۭԼϣƽΪѪҹ޴˯ͬͬ𡣡
Ϊ£ۭεۻȥˣžˣ͹ۭͬߣ췹
ۭ޹͢˯ڻʵ۵ϣʺͲȫ¶֪£ȻҲ˵ˡ
ۭۭ㻹ǹҺε۲ͣΪλҪӦٽ
ĻŶԹۭҳϲɣ˵ү˵ҪΪݴʷ²ˣ˾صأ֮Ż
˵Ѿ³ŵ÷ڵġ
Ļ˵ݺݲԶҲǲĵط͸÷Σ
ʵۭڻʹһҹһӾͻҳϣϾǴƽһ·İ
ǣۭûɫΪöջúôһùۭ֪˭ǵ۹ƿߣԺɲҪٷֵͼˡ
ۭڶŷ죬ˣϹε
εַۭ밮̸֮С
º󣬹ۭؼң͵ˣΪݴʷ
ݴʷôݣ
ۭ飬ÿЦΪֵܣڿܵܣʵǰһ
ѡ
Ұ㵱ֵܣ㵱ԺȥĹ
ֻһҲֻһܹиӵֵܷëǣǾͲ񻹸԰ˡ
ۭĻ䣬ʲôҳϡʲôֵܡͳͳǼٵģƾʲô㵱ƾĵλԳΪһȨ
붫ƽƽΨǸܻʵۡ
ۭףʵڹ͢ǹ£˹ϵܡ˵Ҳ˵ļ󣬲
ʵѡ
ʵңҲûʵۡҸȡ裬ԸͬĿ꣬ҴĻӰѶ̨Ҵգ˭ȭͷӲ˭Ǵףʱ˵ʲôݣǻʹҲȥȥ߾ߡ
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ãлл֡
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ԶѼ, ￴, ׼ȷֱӵЦ, ΢΢һҳ鿴ƻ趼ҳ
أЦˮûˡ
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µλ󣬲켺ȹȨͽָʵָʵԸ¹ԭ
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ˮأֻʮ·Σ
Ļ̻̣ÿ춼˾Ǩ㣬ѰҰȫȥ˶ǹ̬ȡǶǣһˣ᲻ߣߣǾһߣ
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ε˵ͷֻǲļˮֻʮˣԶˮⲻ˽ʡ
пһսĴֻˣһƹ塢ݴʷżúʦ˾ɽʤ֮ѪͳͺϸֽȻͬ
˾ԽϧţĿǰūĴ󷽣ūжˣֻʱʱɧź󷽣һЩ鷳ѡ
һǳ΢ȥݴʷۭˡ
ԹۭǺĵģۭսһټ˲ٱѵأۭܹʱϵضܹ֮Χ
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ϰݶλҲãñ֮Ķ, ھȪ֮, չ, رǰҪġһ, ֻҪ㱣ӣ⺢ǰǵĶӵƣ¶κĥѣǷģڵ±ӣ׻һƽ
侲ݵˣѪδ䣬޷ĿǰľƣǰúİΣڳ֮ǰԶƽۭڴʦ֮գǷū֮ʱǹۭûȥǰߣž
ȥ޷ֿūʮġ
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ǧؾûˡ
գεַگǶǡ
ԭԶһ˿ϣտַ飬ιҪˣǿеͷʵۺͶȴڧûˡ
ܶĬĬĻصʰǡ
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󵨣Ծ񣬱Ϊ޲ɱ㣡
ӺǺЦǴһϵģ֪ǻ߽Ϲģʱϵ˰ҵʬ̧ȥַδɹҪø޺ȵ۹ץסѱҪַһͷ۵ˣʮҪɱɱҪˣνġ
ӲεۼɵŰ֮ʱüԵʱ˺ʺΪ۲ʡ
ľ棬̫ࡣ
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ѪԵǲһˣĶʮĻ壬ֻ֮ڵԶףôܺ㣬أʵǶ̫޲òһѰ
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ӵ̬˵ϣղ̫ˣЩڲԣûԶףϲҵ塣ʮĻ壬һ˵ķϣܷջַ顢ۭɵǰ߶Ȼū˵Ľ˵
ϣ˭֣ԺϾʮĻʤѪͳ϶ǴӮңǴ㸲ˣ˾ҵ˶ġ
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޳ͷһ룬Ӷסˡε۴¿ˮȵԲУӣ֪ηԴ£جΣܹʮĿܻʵۣⱻ˲ݰŪνΣգ֪еʱĺĽ磬Ҳһɵӡ
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ε˫ĿԣԼɹƭԼǲǵһֱٳµΣһγɶ˾ӱΧּģҲָܿ𣿡
äĿֹ۵εۣ֪ʮĻѾѹ֮Ť룬òˣȰ˵ε۶ȷҪƱҪڹΣѣ׵Ժˡ
εӣɽ඼ˤ˽
Ҫˡ
һٺεִûлغѵΧŻʹһ飬ӣ԰
Ӵݵӣз񶼷ųȥˣֻֻӵڻʹ棬ʹӣҲֻڻ԰תţûзɳȥ뷨
û취ūʹʱǧҪãҪ׽ȥˡѱԼء
Ӷˣѹȫסһ𣬡ңϺͶūٳʱ˺Ļ̻̣ߵĶˣдٵģ̫ƽҵĹҲȫˡ
û뵽һ磬ǾҳӣæԸˣȥ߼ӷˣҪϽ뿪Ὥȥ
ϵ峤˾ͽܣõȫŶٲ˽ҲһǵսϱϼԱ
һĲ˱ˣֻм͡
ˡ˵絽
ֻǾ˸СŽеļ˾͵˹Ľϸ鼮ﶼصﱣţҴ˿ּӣȥӣѿ꣬ܿһźóԵ
زȻδϣ
λǰϣҲصѵӶͲż˵ǽ׳ȥѣڶε۵ˣӦװͨ˴żҶǳǣȥϽҵڽˣε۲ǳȥġ
ӶǸƢ˵ﶼȥǴˣкȥΪ˸ġǻʼҵˣҪڹڹ⡣
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ۭҵĺõܵܰ
گ飬ֱ, ˮһս, ȥһ, Դӵȼͳͳ, εۺͽֵܹۭȴͱ, һ
ôĿЦŬ, ˰֮, ڲָ˺ƽ, ΪӴҪתˣʵֻһ·ѣ·ջͨ
ŭģĻ䣬۵һѪگ, ˹ȥ
ȶʱ, ǵǧѾϻӵͶ
δ˾ŵ˶û, ǡ
ʱ, ǵĻİΣ
ڳϣܣã˶ؽ
Ͽ޵үεҪɱǣǲѲӳġ
ЦӵʲôãҪֻǶˡ
Ȱۭѱ䣬Ԯǻϣ
ľѾūΧסѱԮ
Ϊ˧Ծ֪ڰģûдƣ˵˾ͽұһ˹岻ˣʵ۱ֲңҪɱҡҲֻǺūкĿȥ˾ҵ飿
ԣҲԪ˧ˣָȨ˾ͽ˾ͽţ¸أֻҪܹͳ
ָ򣬡ַۭҵ˾ͽǧҪ͹ۭսֻ迳ҵͷ
þ˸ĨӵĶҵͷ׸ۭԽͷ֮ޡۭһεģңˣҺĶԹûˣ͹ۭ֣һ𱣻
һۣ˾ͽҰѼ˽ˣϵַگ˵ֻ׶񣬲ˡҪˣͦһأֻңʷֻҪܹһ޾УǧҪΪԩҲںЩֻǺˣܱҵļˡ
̷߶
ܵ˹£ʹ顣
Ȼûʱ䱯ˣոײģʯվʹͷӷ˴ӵټ
ʯһ£ǵصļʸڱ̫ŴϮ
ɲǼ䣬Ϊ˼
Уûָܵӣеŵܣеĸ翹ʵܵĺ·ûͷӬƵܣ嵽˵оӪͷ
ʸϮ˲䣬Ϻ򣴨ϵĲƣȫľݣ˵İȫã˽ûˡ
ȵʼڶֳʱָҴ飬ŶĹײļҾ죬еĹԱѡĿĵǶķأﻹжĻҵڣٲãǵطŴ󺣣ضܲס﷫𺽣Ŵ󺣴ɣȻ£ȥĶϲ½Աܿū׷ɱ
ʿӸֿūʮֿ壬ֻܣܶԶǶԶ
ܿʱû⵽Ѿ뿪˴󲿶ӣһС·ȥ
򣴨ϼ忴ŴˣûиȥΪʯָ׷һˣΣܵĲ죬ᱻ׷ϡ
ĸµԼҵĲͣ£ȥмѮҵ뱤пһܡ
ֻ˵ģ
·ֶ˸һˡŮ࣡
䷢һӣѪдż֣ȥȹȥȥͻأ
ļ٣ҪŸĵȥһĻΪһ֮˽վֻҪ
Ұο⺢ӴСڲͬӦûŻģһ
ͨС·Ϻ·ꡣ
ΪԷǵоշż֣غ֮ƾֱоԷļЩϤ
ôһó𣿡
õ̴֪ԣһϱûˡ
ôˣļأ
ָ򲻹ȥ뱤ˣҪȥҵѡ
һģһ⣺ôˣļأ
ָŶ򲻹ˣȥߣҪȥҵδޡ
˶٣ĸ״ˣĸǡ
֣ѽǡͬУȥпһȥӴ
һЦǾһȥ
һЦһǰС
ûܼжзɳ
úͬʱϣַż
ң
һθߴźڿдͷһԱ־ԵİüëȻס
彣һӣ˫־𣬡Ī֣Լˡ
һڣҴɽӣ㻹˵Լˣ
˵һһ룬ūˣһǺʵ۵ĸɵܵܣҵȻҪվҹǸղҪȵˣǡҲҪȵˡҵһƬ˽ġ˾Ǻ̰ʲôҪҪĿ꣬ͱҵİš
ǿԼȣͷ󽫾
ʯרŹģǺ**Ӳֻʯһָ֧ź󷽣󽫺̵ѾˣƾܴɱһѪ·ݺԲ
öһۣʣҪ
״ū˾ӵķװףǸϽϣСͿϺڻɫϺӣڿʼǾҵױǸȥʱҰ򡭡ʺҲĸ֣һŰߡ
ʣˣȴˣʵ۲𣿡
˵ңĸʬӽ˷һѻˣԾ˭֪ˡ
ŰɣΪʲôİǣ
µҲûʲôˣʵֻΪݡǵĻʺ͵ʱáʺ󣬱һѽЩ鰮˵ЩֻҵܺҲΪԱˡ
ûãѾǰαֿˡ
಻֪һһ㶵ģʲô飿ַ򸾵ҡӶɱమ󰮡ӵ÷ֶݵҵĿŰǸôħõ磡
ûѡǸϽװ׵ĲӸ
˵һߣʯմ׷һˣʵ⣬˰գʯվ׷ȥˣΧ
ͼָӾͻΧսŰܣеսʿˣϵٲҲȫսֻôŻҺͰٹͶ
ʯվѣڵȼ˾ԽĹײģˣǺǴʵҲگַҽ죬Ҫе
԰գʯյȼ˹ײģˡ
ʯз²ǽ˵һ˵һĴλ
˽ԾĬ
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ʯվٵ˵˭˵˭ϳȥˣ
˾Ĭȥ
ʯ˾ͷвǲ˵һ߹ٱȥ
ֵ˾ͽˡ
ǸӪʱƵˣ̫Ӱˣ̰Ů̫ӵд˺
ʯյܲ㺦£һʲôйʮҲˣǣЩ˻һ¡
ֻҪţϣ˾ʲôûˡ
ܿˣۣѪȵĸǽ֮·ã档
ܳʯһݣ󽫾ҿ಻ףǸߣֹϥ󽫾ʤ٣˵󽫾ūνӢ۲ʳҺܿô󽫾˲ţ᳤֮£Ը⸩Ϊ󽫾ɾһҵ
Ǹ˳ſڴƻơĴĿڲʮ˵á
һϯ˵ʯȥˣˣʵūˣ˺öʤ̣ǨҲޣγ볢һεζ
ȻūܵʵۣҲԣ
ֻǣ񻹲Ǻͺʱ򡭡
ʯպܵĻʵ϶ߣɣɴŭָܴҿȫļ鳼㻹ԻڣǾ
ʯ˵Щʿ򣬲׵Ȼˡ
ʯһ֣֡
ǽʿŴӿʼǽ
¡һǽأͬеĻʿȫɥשʯ
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ʯղһ, Լɱ˴ЩʿΪȥ⵽
ˣū, ̫ƴˣҲòӦĺôū, Բɵ
ԣǽ, ճһѪɱ²УЩ˽ʯ֮£ȵů, ʬ廯Ϊ׹, ˭֪˭
ʯɱ˺ûϢӪ, ǽָǷ򣬹ʿλ֪Ǻ, Ҳ, , ѩصӪ, Ҹϣȥ, ˼ĵط, ǮӡŮˣŮ˯ͱűѩ˯ѡ˭
ʯūҲǸĵײūйͬԣʯ̫ǿʲôǮӺŮˣиԷܺļңԭʼıܡ
ʿΪ֮𣬷׷׾ӦǮŮˣ
ʯյѾǰˣҪһ㣬Ⱥˣֻܳʣµġ
ȥ
вƸŮˣ
ûϢҹͿ
һߣҰǡأաѻȵȶʬ壬ڿԿˣǶĿ񻶣Ҳ˼ĵ
Ǻ쳹ء
ᵽʯʳʯͷ̫ˣѹ棬һ޴ķĹЩˣȴҲǵʬ壬Ǹ
賿һڶ𣬶ǶԳˣ׷뿪һٺ󣬻ѻسϢ
һֻҧһ첲֮
ѵ
һʯͷӷĹ
ʲô䶯
䶯ķȺССľ˯еĺ
ǷĹһֱûֹͣ䶯
ڳϵġ֮£ʯͷשͷԽԽࡣ
ڣھ޴ĹϷеʯ鶼ڷĹ⶯ʱ£¶ŵʬѡ
һֻմѪϸִʬ
ָϻŷɻ֭ȾɫһʹմѪҲڳпˮͨ͸ɫֵơ
һִֻʬˣֲֻͣŤ̥ĸӹҪĸ壬ʼԼ
ǳѪȡۻΣյġ
ʹñϸ˫Ҳ˫ְѹϷһ߾ʬ塪ЩʯǽʱΪƣϺƵĹΪһ֮صǡ
ʿҲл塣Ǳʯͷһң㣬γһݳɵıݡ
ģ峤ԡſڴƻơơ˾ͽܡ
ſ層ݵ棬һݶļѾҳأͷѾˣֻҹ̫䣬ʬ嶳ýӲڶѳأҲΪµ˳һխռ䡣
˫־ӸոձĴѿôĴƺһܽȥһǰĶѹʯͷ̽ȥ¶Ŭ
ڣ˫ƿܵʬ壬˫۴ӷ϶̽˫۵֧£ͷ­Ҳ֮˳
ѪۣҲˣҲЩͣǣţΨһˡ
Ƕ˾Խϡ
ǰӶиܣܲʹǰһ̱
֮ǰѾʯմˡۿӱͷǽһ̾ı۾γ뵽ΪΨһҴߣ
ԡѪʯϹȥļ䣬ӱͷĵطȥҹҰǺأտ֮أеʬ嶼ȱ·Ҳ˺ˣֱ治˭˭
Ѱҡ
ղŴӾ޴ʯͷĹϹʯ飬ȥϣЩһ֮
һ嵶ϴӺʱļ崫˵ߣΪ峤
顢ŵ֡ٵѾӲܣһĴˡ
ÿһˣ˼ΣйҵΡ
ĿɫӴ۰ͻ
ȡ嵶Լ䣬૵ һתһϵ峤㣬Ϣɡ
Ƹܵ˫ĿϣůŽӲһᣬһϣƿƣܵ۾Ѿˡ
һʯͷϣֱȷᱻҰްͣס
һѳìȣҲڷ̤زȱʬףϷȥ
һ·ϣȥϽҵϵǨ֮ء
ȼ֮󲿷ȥϳΪʿҴļ塣
һ峤ӦǼǰ͸˾ȥ˽Ͻҵͨ⼸ӦѾҪ嵶
Ŀ꣬ϷǰУһ·ϼۣÿζ׻иճɹ˽Ͻҵʹ嵶
ȻⶼǺˡ
Ұղ紵δԼķʽ
ͬʱǣ
ȫûϢǣܹܵĶĶˣֻܲģԼĻҵ˻
Ϲ
ϣˣ¹һ·СܣۭӵسǵگִܾУˣ
εһʱ̱ϡ
ΪַگһۭǧַһӦگ飬ɱ˶˾ԽͷǰַĹۭϡ
Ȼۭһūǡ
ǣпʵ̫ˡ
ūʹȫû
ۭ˵ȫսϢԼǧ޷ԿūһӴַͷ
εȥ׷ۭҪۭŴȥһȥ˺گ飬ǧ·ˣ
ĳ˴ļǣһ
ε۾ˣô죿
ʺ˵ϣǿ϶زסˣΪ֮ƣֻܣӵȥڻƺϣлƺסǰ˹͢
ε̾Ǩôװ󳼲Ӧġ
ʺ˵󳼺ͻ϶ŶˣûмˣټǸϽܡ
εİ𣬡ã²˳٣ߡ
ʺȥѵҪʺϽʰ
εҪܺѵˣԼߣʺȵλҥԣΪ˵ӹַ֮֮ܡĸŮʣͱˡҪߺѵǽ͵͵ߡ
ʺЩԥ˵ѵŮĸģǿһū֮֡ӹòʺǣ¡ĸŮڲǱϾǵĴɩֶŮ
ε˵֮˱пɺ֮ңֻˣһװϹнϸûеطװʺ󣬺Ӷӷ˺ˣ
ʺһ˵ãϵġ
֮εۺʺΪ˱ѵɣѶûе㣬ֻǽѩɫ
Ҵųȥ֣ͭĽֵѾһˣеҪôţҪұźʹжȥˡ
ųǣյܵϣһǿΧǮƣһ
ε۴ŭǻʵۣЩ񻹲ÿҪ

ǿǺЦǻʵۣһǻʵүأҶˣʵʲôǸҡײƭĴƭӣֵǣϣҲӵȥ
ǿһϣ·ζԷ̫࣬˫ȭѵĽţ򲻹εûа취ֻ÷Ըת򣬾ôӻػʹ
ε۵Ǩƻһǿˣ̥С

93 һ֣֪û

ʵεۺʺҹ͵͵·ʱ, 𱣻ѵۭѾˣ֪εۺͻȫ˻ʹ, ȥ԰˲ƥȻȥʺһ˳
Ϊ˲ƥ, ˺ĸưҩ, ƥҲҪεȥ
ֻۭʣʮŻغѵǴ򲻹ε۵ĻֻܵȻʵ·ˣǲһȥ
ͽѵйǲɢ, вָ, Ҫȥ϶ܡ
εۺʺͲˣȥֻǲϷĸŮ
Щ, ݵ˵ķʳԼź
ݡӣӶ˺ͲŮ, ۭϳ, ʮûƥ, һ·Сܸ档
εߵҴ, ۭʹӱҴųȥ, ෴
ոճ, û߹һֵַžͱ˹ˣһȺǿűɱۭԷڣҷѲڣǰ·Ѿŷס޷Ӳֻõתͷܡ
ͻȥÿдٵģۭѾսˣֻʣʮˡ
ۭûð취ֻòٿأպú͸ոӻعεһ
ε۱ŭĸŮİǣȻ˽ˣ
ǴʱٷѾӴ򿪵Ĺﴳεֻʱѹסޣָɢٷˡ
ۭͻʼ֣ٷ˻ˣرչš
ǽߴ󣬽ٷں֮ûйǵĹߣ򲻽ʱȫˡ
εӽˣĻصϹ
·ûˣݵ˻صѵ취
Ӷóһƿҩžһ·ڰϣ˵ҲܣǷҪһżͰ࣬һܣںˣûˣĻҲˣҿǻҵķӣһߡɣҩõģߵһ˿ʹ඼ûˣȻǰһѻߵĸɸɾⱻū衣
Ӷһ
ۭ˵ĪҪ˱ۣۭˣ󽫾һֱŴ󽫾Ʒʵȼݵġ
żȷʵĹľӱסˣ޳Ī
˵ȥҪõϢһ̣Ҷ
ãǱͿˣǰϢȫû࡭͵ҡͷͼͷϳȥҺͼӷһҪˣҪʬ£ѣҲ
ĬĴҩƿ
æֹĸ󣡡
ݽƿеҩ赹ʺӶŹܹ
Ӷ˵һű
ݽҩ˷֣ÿһţʣµȫۭ
ۭҡͷսʿԾֻսһѪ
˵һʱãڴ֮ǰһš
ǵĳǽͻʹĸǽһЩʱ䡣
ڳǽһؾûУȵִǵĺһӾùǴײ˳ţĹֱ֮롣
̺ܿ췢֣µһǣǮ˻ˣеĵٷ˱ƽ񻹶ࡣ
̵ľȥõĶʵޡ
ô죿
ָ̽ʹ򣬡ֵǳ尡ʹ飬ȫǽƱ˵ʵ۵Ͱҹǽģ
̵ľʹԽԽˡ
Ϲ
εļ٣ǵùڰ׳ﶼûôˣ
ѵһһ׳գ
εϣͻȻи뷨ߣȥǽϡ
εȥţǽϣʱ̵ľӸպðڳͣҪùǴš
ε۴еǴʵۣλӢۣɷ˵䣿
һ̧֣ͣʵۣǺ󽫾̣Ҫ̸ʲô
ε˵뽫Ϊؽ֮ã޸󽫾һֻ뱣סʹǶȥ
̵ʵۣĪҪƭңӶûأĹ
ε˵仹ûãȵаӹʺճѪͳ󣬲ѧɫ˼伫Ʒ
̳ĬƬ̣¼æ˵󽫾ĪҪ⹷ʵ۵˼ƣǹȥʲôƱûУΪҪŮأ
̵ҿŹʵۻмٸŹڻʹǽأҪǿûôףⲻǿţضһЩֵܣҽȢȢֻƭʵ۸ͼ޵ʱ򣬺ƭŰѹŴ򿪣ʱһ룬գ
Ĵָư
˵ãҲ볢һԪճĹʲôζ
ε۴ϲҹضţֻҪţȵľͻлᡣ
ε۷Ը£ȥѵӹȥϹҪʺϼ£Ԥױ¼޸̽
ӦҪ¥һϵΧ˺̵Ĳӣ
Ǻһ֣
ǺһϵûУǸԭˣԭҲǹԱ֮ӣǺöԳҵ䣬ɴ൱ˣĴҽᣬĽ˷˾ϵͶū˽ĺ
ֿսңǸ˳ȻǴԭˣһҪѪ飬ūʯա
Ǹ˰˽ȻĲ˴ٵϰߣʱһĶ̸ˣ
ˣ
ָɴΧ˺̣㶫£Ͱͷ£ѡһ
ū壬ַӡ
˲𱰣û¼ĸֻ뵱٣׬ǮǮ
ǸPLUS汾
ˣʿ²Ʋ˵ҵֵܲܰһˣһ룬ɳɣ
̾һƣָͷʾ忪
־֣ΪͬˣҪΪģæӭӹȥ
ž
˻ƣȻѸײڶ֮ץס˺̵֣žž£Ӳ˺ָͷ
˵ɲɣ
ʮָģʹ˵ɡ
ٲɣûˣ־Ƿӣ
߳ɲƱ˳λø֡
ֵ˺߳ɲƱȻ㣬ָӴʹ
ε۹ʼʩýΪؽ֮ãҴһԪճӹݹأȢӹضͥ
ִϵʵֹۣʵֵۣ÷ֱӱƵûл·ɽˣƽ޻壬ʲôʵ۹ֺӾǸˣҲ㵱ʵףʲôƹӲŲȢֻǮŮˣȢʲôȢӴȥĻʺҲӵŮ˹
ִһӣǣ
̧𹥳Ǵһײţҡҡ׹ۿҪͻȻִһӾӡ
Ϊ׵˳һԱ־԰üëף
ֲסֻ»ʵһ˶ѡ
ףֺ
ЦȻˣҸո˺ָ̣ͷ󲿷ֲƱ´̻˭

94 һŮ

׻䣬ոնָ˵ĺ̴ֻûǰ, ֻΧ, ңס
Ȼ, ֺ涯, Ҳȥ״֡ÿ
ռϷ, ̾ͽ, ֳײԱָǮ֮
ռϷ磬, ̾ͻתͷܣһֱܵʵֵĺ״, ˵ɱҪı֡
֧䶼ԺȴΪ֮Ĺϵһͬ, ǳУ
Ϊʲôľӹʱһ㷽϶ûУǸģģΪսƷԳ֣֯޼, ڿӣ
ʵΪһ֮ڻͳ, ɢˣ鲻ô
ʱʱ, ͺ͵ʱΪʵūԨʶ, ɴ˽ԨԴ, ԨΪɽʤĺ, , ֵˣϳԭɴͶԨ
ʵԨʡֻҪǸ̵ܹˣͽܣūˣҲԭˡʱ˻ˣūʯպֶںŵһδսѸٳˣձȨ
Ԩǵľֻܱ֤װҪңԼȥ
ԣΪ󽫣Ȼˡ
Ԩһ̫ͼλͱϸɵˣϼλʯջ֣µʵûжپҳϣֻǽһ֮Ժ**ӵ嵽ɨٰˡ
Ⱥǿɨ֮ƬؾͳΪĽԨǣܺèèץסǺè
Ǻū壬Ұʯպָ֣ͷɴ˳
׵ľӲһЩ˶Ǻ֮ǰ͸ףԨӣȱǮװ˶кţʮֺЩһǾЧһʵԨġ
ԨһλǸӣλɣ׵ҲǴڹ̬ȣ֪λֻ˭Ч˭գ͸ɴֻף׵ԭǸϣ˭ѣ˭ģ̾ǻʵۡ
ĿǰǶϵʵۣ׵ľӣʱġ
ϵı磬һֱӣֻһŻԺĹֺʯյĳ£̷׵Ĺϵˡ
֣ף̣ڴʹͷԳ֣Ȼһʱ˲Ϲ缦ǵĻʹ
εۿ׺ͺֿ֣϶ʧܣ͸ĿˣýΪؽ֮ãҴһԪճӹݹأ˵δ䣬ԵְӹΪķˣ֮ϡ
ʵ˵Ϊˣûмεô޳ܵˣһҹ֮ӹΣʹ档
ŭˣʵۣղŲ˵ӹһŮң⹷ʵۻǹ
ε۱ⷬ裬ȻԸɣһ㶼˵罭ɽӢ۾֮
׸Ͻ˵˵úã˵ӹֻдһ޶ĵճңҪˣϽҷͳұ㲻
ε۾͵仰أѾ׼ˣԵƬ̣Ͼ͹
ȵȣһ֣Ҫɼ˽ȥӭסСҺߣʲôһѻŪͲÿˡ
ε۴ʱҿţթһţһ룬˹˵ӭ׵ļαٿ
԰գӻʹǽ¼˩ų
ʹ˸ɫױūúվȥ
ùǽںδȥ
ó͵㣡
εۿе֪õģ¹̫ң벻ϲɥͲˣæ˵ͷλαιӹ˵㶫˳
ϹԶӶôʺ٣Ҳ䵱ʺҿǸӣ
ֻкӶŻ˴׵Ļ
ҲϴȺ˵Ĺεĵۺ˰ɣΪԹŮܻȺǿŹǵģҲǵģ
Ϲ⣬ۭǸͷ׼ȥӣۭǶǴĽʿҽǲȥֿɱǻ𣿡
ۭ⼸ڻʹｨ˶ʱ˿̣ҲΥۺ
ʺķָźѵ˵ѵʺ˵ʣӹ޳ȥʺ˾ͻ̱ƶĸ׺ŮҪһӹҪѡ˭أ
ӱ죬ֽ̧Ϲǰż£ʺʱƴյļ̧ױ
ʺݵҪЮӣֻεͷ
ʺЦܺãʶʱΪܣ̴󽫾ʮˣ͵ˣҲϲֽ۵Ů¼޸ƽӣһЩᱻģá
ʺ󣡡һִܹ󽫾ղŴˣ˺߳ɲƱ˺ָͷڻѾĿڣӹִ󽫾
⡪ʺ󱣳ЦݣֺðԭˣǹԱ֮أǵЩ˵ΪܣҲս˴󽫾ӹ޸иǶԭˣҲùͨǣһҸġ
룬ȷʵ޸ģãʲô֣
ȻڵϦûѡֻû˼¡
ðⱲǲˣԸ
ʺ˸˷٣ΣСϲŰֳ죬÷յһڽʡ
һʱױɣʺݸһƣ¹޹ȥ£ɴɱֽϲɥ죬Ӱʹԣ빫˱ԹҲŷġ
ΪĸףӲòͬޣ־˴ͬھģκֶ־壬ֻ׸
ӲϺȣҴӦޣ϶ͻޡ
ʺĿһ䣬ʹ˸ɫѵ̼˰ԲϵĺӶͲ粱ϡ
ӶͲĬһŵײȥӡ
׼밴ס˵ͷ˶á
ſǣ˵Һȣ
һᣬȥ翴ӶƱŲӺ±оƣ絶ʣԴú
Ӷ޵Թʵ۹ʺ֣֮ǧˣū˶ûǷ޴
Ӻ˾ƣ/ҩھƾĴ߷֮£ã˫һվһһҷס
ǰģҲƺ죬ӿһĪ֮УղĸҪЮʹӶͲʹ֮Ҳʧ
񿴼Ůڸ質һֱ̺ͷã
ôſףһȢģ
ã鲻Խ
װūúϹúѾǺƵӶӡ
ѾͿӾȻܹװ֮ϳã
ÿһµӱ˼м䣬ƵİŪţŭۣ첽ȥǰͷ·Ͻʺ͵ֱˣ佫ףǴ󺺻ʵ۵ĸɵܵܡ
ʺһ㶣Ц״󽫾ð˵һֱδ飬ɲһֱӹǧԵһǣ

95 

εۺʺ󵱵ۺ˷ָǵýſƾ, һŮ, ſھ
˵ҪȢ, ʱŮоˣ
ΨкӶڲ֪, ƿڴ, ޣ˵, һ԰üë͹ӵˣһֱ, ໹֣˳!
ÿűĺӶĸײ, ǽָ֪ʵ˭
һڣҲƳӣţ
ʺ󲻸, ʵ֪
˵һһӾ, ˲ǽͼ, Ƿˣǲ
ӶҪ, ʹ˸ɫ, ָںӶϻ֡
ӶĪ, ǻǰ
ʺ˵
ó, Ϻݺһ, ʹţΪӹͼޣǶΨһȥĻᣬҪǸģʲô󸾵ģͳͳȥˡ
ڴĪ䣬ͺӶ֮ʱϲȱˣ
˵ͼ޿ԣҪ֤ѵʺ˵İȫ
ǻںѵ
ᣬȻɷ˵ĻʺܹģҪ󺺻ʵۣⲻǵ飬ֻͼޣźǵĽˡ
ѵЩ룬׺ֶԳ֣һûܳŶãֻȰŪȥٻݺˡ
öʹ˸ɫ
⣬ӵסͺӶӣߴٵŸʲôȥŹ
ͺӶ˹ˣһһҼӡ
ʺȻ˼ִ࣬˼֣
ǡˡ
εõĻĳڣӶҲߣżӷֲ
ѽҪݱĸ޸ˣΪʲôʺĸ
ƵƵڳݲ˵ĸ󡭡ĸ󡣡
ߣݹˣ߰ɡ
Ѿݱ𸸻ĸˣֳ︡Լδ빬ݸĸĳġ
ҵ̴ãÿΣյʱңҽҪ޸ˣҵ̴ɡһĲ϶ʱ򣬾óҪ֪ҶѾãһ
ҩ£ǻĸŲӶ߳ϹΪԼҪ޸ãϣ˳
ʺЧˣһȵڶ췹ٸߵİҲֻܽʵ׵ķˣҴҲ
üݳһԻĴ̧Ű̧ױں档
š
εۼװӵˣ¿ͼޡ
ʻţ׹ЦҵķˣҵĹΪӭˣ
÷ָղź׶ʵֲ֪ʱˣȫ׵ľӡ
ѵ֪Ѷˣ
񲻷Ըʲô£ʵ۵ĸɵܵ
ο׾ӵ֡
һױųε۴߳ʹֳӵĻʱͻŵöҴһ죡
ԭֱǳˣʵǹ䣬ӶҴŹʹ
ǸˣôܷŹʹĲƸأڻʹɱԣ繥ʹ˵
ֲѰ·˽εۻˣæͶͶףҵֶŮֶŮһ
Ǹ߱ɱ񾭲ȶԣ΢һЩ
һּʹݻʵ۹ںѵﲻóεһ⣡
ҹʹָҴʳǾͿ֣
׷ԸĸҲ̵ϰǣ˵ƺͨỤһ·ϣߣɱ֣ԻӪݣȻ뷨ӰߣߡҪͣˣʹһ֣ʯյĴϵʱƻԽԽӽţǸҺϺȣϽߣ
ǣݵİΣļ٣ϽָӾӳš
üȥ׵Ҳսһ·Ÿոյֵġˡһ·
һ·϶׵ˣͨ裬ϳǣΧսĺ̾·ꡣ
ϴ׵ս죬ÿ
ԶԶʹˣ֪׺ΪʹսεͷͶˣԲͺ翹ġ
Ŀǰʤ̹㲻ǰǴһ˵ͻȻ׵Ӫܳһһ̾úܺ棬ʲô
ú󵨣Ҷǽ񣡡
ǰս´ݱװѸȢķߡ
Ӵԭεհӹס
ҲȢֻԲƱȤһŮ˶ūɱ³Թ·УŸʲôͷˣ
ÿ·üӱǰУ޵ȫǺҲŵĻӣºͻȻ
ڧֺγǣΪȨͲƸûеߣ
ĵǸʲô
ŭŷɽֶʼˣʺںѵûȥΪһеĺûʺ󣬾ھлʺΣΪˣȴĻʺ
ûʲôҩ԰ӻѣˣճɵЦӶ˵
˵û뵽һʺ/ҩʲôҩˮȥɢҩԡ
ͺӶĶԻ侲پȻǣʺֻܿйˡ
Ƿ̰һʺҪй
Ӷ㱵ӣιˮ
Цƣ𡣡
ȻֻԼ֪˵ЩʲôںӶͲǼĴ
Ӷǵӣɵӣ͸ǰһģһҺõҩӡ
ʺʯɢҩⶫ˷ɾ裬ĪģƮƮɣʹ˿ҹƣ룬Ҳӡ
Ҳ°Ұȣһܷ׻ģã·ҽݣΪҴҩⶾ
Ҳֻˣǣʧããɽ֮¡
˵ʹҳһ࣬ε۴ʺԼͶֺȴ˲ϻʵۻʺ֧󺺵ľӾڴĻʹｻսǧһǸħõʱ
ӴıȶԸӻݣ˼ԷۣͬһһʹȫһìͶȥܴˣָӾӳźѵǰУ˭ĵѹȥѪ顣
ɲǼ䣬ǧ˵أ൱ҡ
ֵľӳʹ̷ɢҺƱ֮һѻͰѹҸˣԲúκμ©Ļᡣ
˽˾ӡ
˵Ǻ£ΪֵľɢڸңֻΪһˣܹСһЩ
һ·ɱ˺ѵ׷һѾײˣʮʹʬ壬ǿݺ˵Ĵ
ֱȥһ·ҿٵ־ӣĴǳġ
˳ŷ䵹һ·Ѱȥ½дٵɱһڶ
һ·޹
޹мʿںױ̨ΣиСұˣ
׳鵶ɱ⼸ʿµ˳һŲͷϣ⹬ͷŮأ˵
ʿһǰüëʱŵɪɪҡûпʲôŮˡ
һȣ˵ʵ
ʿʹûУɱҲûУйƯŮˣͰ·ֵһ𡪡
ײۻ֮ԣţʿ
ڴţݺ˿϶ܲˣǴʿûпȥ
˼ţǽڿʼ춯
͵ػͷǽڳһ϶϶ԽԽ¶ݺ˵ԭǲڰ
ݼе:ŮأвӶǡ
ˡ˵ͷңҪúȴߡҴǳȥֵľӵϾˡ
Ǿͺã˾ͺá˿ͷȥһ£Һ˻һװ
ڱǰѪɱǰȹ˳ͳȥˣĹš
ͷȣ޹ǱҿģмЩ飬ͷ©⡣
ӣױȥǱʹתͷŷ϶
֣˲ûл·˶һ裬˸ȡһŽ
״󾪣ѥӣƿţмһӣ
ݺҩѥ䡣

96 

ҩ蹾ڵϹȥ, ŴһܡԾ, ƾȳƣ˼ʱһ߿, Ȼһȣҩ顣
Ŷ̵ȥҩ衢ȥ׷ʱ, ˻εء
״Ӷһ飬Ǹ֣鵯䵽ݵϡ
һ, ̵ء
ݶ¼̵֮, һѿס˵Ĳ, ٸ˺ԼһԣŤĲӣ
˲סĲӣúЦǲɵղڸʲôв, 㻹, ء
Ȼ, һۣ, ýһһ, Ȫ·Ҳ顣
ڣ
鼱֮, һһӡ
ݵָո, ͱҵĵء
ȥһŽ̵ߵ˴¡
ݺһڵ, ҪѰɴһƴ˵ĺԣˡ׶ݺԴֱΣҪĽ
˵𶯣ٶҾ͡
һ٣ղʵ֤˵ҪЮûõģô죿
ѰΪǴʺɷ򡢹ҲˣӶϱҲ޹ҰѳΨһ·־׷ңڵ֪Ѿȫ֮һѰ
һ̾Ǵʺûܱңѳҵı֣ȫ
˵ҳȫ㣬˭ܳȫҵģҾԲǰ
ݵǺ󽫾ҴҪγȫ㣿㲻һֱҡҳ綼
׼Ȱãֻ˵ҪѰסһΣһٴΡǣɲԵȵǳɹԭȷȫִｭȥ˵ۭһ·ͣͷңڧǴпᡣ
ҶΪ˵ʵɱ˴磬۾գһ£ҵھںʹͷ֣⻹ʯڸǣʲôˣɢ£ǶвӵİȫͲȷӻŵ˽ȥ滹
˵еݸոշģһ
ЩԥˣǸûõŮˣҲﲻˡΪʺƱػٰܵ裬ˣûй˼ɣһЩ
æڣ˭㣿
ݵղŲҲ˵ڧҴأֵɱ֮ռɽͷھѾڻʹսҲѱ
׺޲˦Լһ⣡֮ì֮ܣݸס˰ѱ
ѽôƯŮΪʲôô̫ˡ
ױ£»ţҲšϹʺ˵ҪЮӣӲŴϼ£/ҩҪˣӵǰ׷𣿡
˵ӱʺҪЮ䣬ĸ׵ûãŮˣҪЩĥѣⱾܵġ
㲻Ҫ𡣡ȥ˭˵ûãҿôĺܣңܸˡѾǻɵʺҲáο֣֮εۺʺĿǳҪż˴
ûжԲңҵﳼǶԲ㣡
޼ɵ۸㣬ηϺ󣬹δţˣΪλҪɵѳҸں㣬㣬ļ̩ɽܵȥˣ˭㣿ĸŮںѵﱻʵ۸Ǹʿ棬ΪĸŮֹ
磬׷̵ˣȷûз㣬ͷβֻвĶãټ࣬ԣиۭЩǳǴʺݰ𣿲ֻǳˣǳ˽顣
һֱĮԴ㱻˾ʱǽݻ٣ɽ͢ʱ󲿷˶ѡĬදƤ˵˵ѣӵϣ³Ƚң
סڣŭɶЩģһȥʺϡ
ʵݶЩ֪δ˵潲
׷Ҫ˵ǰܵĿĥǶں㼴ʹѳЩҲںûΪϧΨһںˣӲǿ϶ģӹ϶ΪûмʱȳģԹ˶ԣǽѣĥΪʲôҪĥǣĥңֻ˺ˡ
ʣҪ磬ȴҲʲô˵
ֻ״û뵽Ŀڲͬ
ε˲֪ʱˣ׵Ļı⣬ȰݣǰһֱΪ˱˶ˣǰˣڻҽΪԼһΣΣ
ΪԼ
һãȻһֱڴʺˣҲ֪δȥ
˵Ǵˣ͢Ҳ壬ҽʲôǴȵ֣֮ǱεۺʺڵǶĺúõģδ˺ˣΪλҪȥ
ƺС˽ս
˶˵ȲˣӰȫӳȥϢܶס
ظ˵˵ĸңҰǼΣ
Щ飬˵ǾһΡ
ȡɴͷ׵ñ˵ͷϣʧǵݳȥ
ʹֵľ۾˰ϵѵˡ
ڼֵľӱǮ۾Ϊװʲô챦ʱʱӿһ˹
һɱһȫ
ͬʱϹ
εۺʺŹܳ״󺰵ֶŮ
ȺȫǷӣ˾ɱܶԷʲôݡ
ԹŮʱŭǻǸղŰںѵӹʱʵɶ񣡡
˵ĪҲǾԲҪĵۺ󡪡ұ뽫սƷ׸ʵۣԴݡҲֶܿ顣
ٸϹһϵۺ
εۺʺ
ʺ˲ͷϵĺ飬ӳ죬ǸյĲ֮ҹ
ε۽£һ籲ͻȻָʺ󣬡ǡ
ʺתȥε۳˻ƹӵĲӣݺһš
ȡȡʺεϣ˫Ȳͣĵذ壬˫סϵİ籣˫ĿԲĶͷϵɷ¶֮ɫ
ε۲ûжģ˫ԽԽ籾һСߣĽġ
ε˵ŮˣŮ˵ڱҪѳܱй裬ҵܵӰ졣õĽ֣ģһΪ蹦̵£ġ
ʺ󽥽ֹͣһѪ۽ǹ䡣
εɿ籣ӽ̿ճɻҽȻʺϵӱߣץͷͷ͵ײ
УϺɱı꽻ս֮ͷĸײͷ
ʻ׵Ӫ򿪳ţҪۺ³ʱʺǿѣѪĵε۹ߣʬޣʺҵĻʺ󡭡ѳˣ

97 ҵ˼

εԵһͺѳ
ʺϿµɫزס, һڷ, εȻ޵׿, ·̫֮ˡ
ݺʺɷֵ֮࣬Ҳһ
ȻǺ͸ʺ, ¶֮Щͬ顣
ѳѳΪʲôȥһ㶼⣬ܼ˹, ᷢӶŹǺݶ޳֮
Դ˻ʹ, ݾһֱͲ˵, ʺѶЩӦ, ĪҪʺνѳƫ, ѳ, ıɱ
ݷס˵֣ˡ˵ܵˣ
, Ҹȼ, Щ
, ǳΪһǡ
Ƹȫ, Ҫôܹ, Ҫôɱ⣬Ļֻ롣
շͭϣʾԵͭǸɺԵѪͭ⣬̶ûŴݵͷ̫̫
Ƕٶʮﷻһˡ
ⳡѷ䣬Խ֮ҡ
֮ͬʱеģ϶ɡ
ԭտ½ǵ϶ŮǨ㣬ôҪˣҲŴǨ㣬ʷģǰ˿ڴǨ㣬Ǩﵽ֮ࡣ
ͨգҲʿ壬ϡ̫ԭϡϵȵȼ׷ǨӴԺԭʽ뽭ϣεƸεĻǡũߡũҵҵȵȽͨǨķʽ˽
ƬΪġĵطѪֵеõ书ؼϴ辭̥ǣųµ
ɴ˵չ׳󣬺ϳԭ
˿ڴǨ㣬ʷϳΪ¹϶ɡ
˿ʷ飬ֻ¹϶ɡںϡѿȵʣЩ򵥴ʻ㱳ֽѪᡣ
˵׺ʹ˫ǧϡֱȴսҪִ࣬ˣ˶ʵϽǺ˳һĳˡ
߳ɲƸָͷ֮ʱվߣڿ˵ȶ֣
ʵϵĸǺ̫󣬺̫ˣϵı磬Ժ̵֤ʻԵá
ƨɱĴ󺺾࣡Ӧöڧ֮¸𣡡
ָǸոսӺãæ㵽󣬡ȶ֣Ҫɱ͡²ĴʵۡռʹĲƸΪԱŲòģ
Ȼ߼һˣ׷ĸ࣡Ȼ˭˭߹˭˭ҳϣ
˵ҽվ̻ƽǣеĲƱĻʵۡʲôȫ׸ϡ
˵ĳõʵ磬¾ӡ
ֲһֻҪ³Ҫܡ
׻ƽ׳Ƹͷ²Ϻ֤٣ڴѾˣԭʵϹӲţ˳ɻɱң
ȻˣӻЧҺ
ôණܹԸ㣬صϼȥռΪ񲻿αػȥ˵
ֱԭͶ˺ٴгҲͲˡ
˵۾ֵ߰´ݷ򿪲Ȼڴʤ֮ѳˣ
̼ˣæɿ׳ʤ׷飬β˻һټ˴²Ϲټƽңͼһ𣬽ο·
ӣһֱûз
׶Ժ̵Ĵ֪ЦƽҵĹͻøӽɣ˳㱨ָ֮𡣡
̵ЦΪҲ룿Ǵ򲻹Ӱ
ĺ̵ļ򣬡ζ˺ӽæܱ֣ڻﲻý
˵һˣԭˣᱳҴ󺺹ǱߵģԼҪߡĲ׷ˣһֽҧһô죿
һЦģѾȥˣֻһûлڻʵǰ״ġ
æʣ˭
˸ӣ֪ˡ
Ѿһˣûسǵļֵ׺ͺһѻ𣬳ضƽ
׻ƽ֮ǰһ⣬ſӱޣ͵ڸʯС
ʯضܵȴסˣûܼʱϵһ
ʯսӵ׵ż˵ܱǸ֣ŵʱѾǹϷִֻˡ
ǣһǵẠ̊́Ĳˣ㹥ʹʱͷָϵϷ˺߳ɲƸָͷ
ŵֻץ˴ʵۻʺʹлʹһЩƱЩ˽˷Ĳȡ׸ʵ۵ġ
ԣ˵ң̣˹ϷĴţʵϣ࣬Ӯҡ
Ϊʲôдأ
ΪΪҵĶҴһܣ˲ˡǺʹʱûôˣָ̰ƣϧɱֺۣͬ±ʵ𷣣ɴžܵϼȥˣ
ԡ㶮ҵ˼ɣ
ϵܣֻ˵ˡ
ʯձԼٵˣûúȶûڡӸֺõȥȫߴƵǽ
ӴģȫǱ˵ģҲ
ʯսӵ׵ţȻ׵˼ȥǮ֡
ΪѾѳ˺ɱ֣ĲƸҲᱻʵΣΪΪ˴󺺹ƽ֮ҡ
ʯյԸӣǲȥˣǸĵȥͨݵıؾ֮·
Ȼʯڰ·־ӵ٣ֵĶкܶ೵ȫװһջķᣬҪϼռɽΪˡ
ʯŸţ˵ίˣ׺ͺ̺۸㣬򱧲ƽԭˣˣ׺ͺѪͳūˣĿԡ
㱻ƳҲЧҺˣ˴µĽɽͺʹȫūԼˣƾʲô
ԣԸ׷󽫾һȥݣǿǿ֣Ͳºַˡ
ҵĴӪɣһֵ顣
ʯյֵĹԴŲɣʯյӪأ˰ѾԻȵʱʯˤΪţܵĵ֣
־Ȼôʯ
ʯֵͷһӽӹеľӺͲƸ
ʯ»ص󣬻ᱻ³ǿռľӺͲƸɴҲƽˣɨĽڣ̾ͷһϳʵһֱԼ
ȻⶼǺˣ˵״ȫʤصƽʵۺ͹׸ʵϡ
ʣǻиѸʺô
ǸɫߣƵ֮һʺ󣬹ﻹŴʺ֮ɫһֱĿء
ЦƽʲôʹͶҪֻҪѸһֱûȢޣӽԺûʲôʺеֻǳܵķˡ
ϼʵۺ͹ˣʹͶϸĹҪ˽ʿģǴһӣһϹѸѣνȥǣ޻ҪͷΪɽɣ
׹أ˵л£·⳼ܵķΪɽ
˵Ȼ
ָĿɿڴѾϷΪε˾㣬˵ţµ뷨Ӱοһ¿
ʵϵԼһ˵ʹ͸εۣԺҪźϯɡ
ε۴ϲ˵΢޸ˣл

98 ɽ

챧šѳʺĹײĿ޵Ƶ, ֮, ͵ñ»ң
׶ʱ, Ϊεۻܾ, Ȼ˻ԡ˵ε۲, ʵɱεۡεŰݵģһûǣ˼ǳĺܣвݵˣر, ôܷŹεۣ
ֻε۶Իʵϻô, 㶯ְˡ
ε۸ϵ, »ϲعл, ʱǾġֲ˼񡱻ûнڲ١
˲Ҫ, ޵СΪĶֲס
ױضҪŪε۵ģ
һƲ, һ, 칦ͻʵ˽ģʺʵ
˵ɲ⣬ĺ, ܾĳҴ, ̸, ͼɽ𡣡
ʵ, Ҳһ˵̽һ¡
գֿ磬רͶĳǸ磬ϯ䣬ʵʽмλߵĻ˾㣺㻹Ƿʱȥݷù㣬ҽ˸дָʫ裬ǻȼʮ˾żЩǵ𣿡
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ʵ϶ε˼أľǹͷ̫
Ͼ̽һΣʵǴ֮졣Ͷ˾ԽڧʱͻȻͽҡ˾ģľҲɾ˾ҵΪʲôҪУûûأ
仰ֱˣ
ϸɵ״ܾͣ۸˲ܿ˵˾ɱһһҵͷ㿳ģҵĵλҲߵģ
˭֪εһ㶼죬ŻʵһݣΪүӦڴ󺺣Դݻ˴˾ϵĻңҪ˾ϻɱ˾ϼ󺺵ϼһŽѰôʵ۱ܹõأ
˻һ˵ʵˣĸλɫͷžƱ޲ðѶˣ
⾿Ǹʵۣ̫ˣ
ʵ˷εȥ£ʱε۾Ȼ˳ū澵·
ˣεﻹһơ
ʵָϵĴǣЩǰĳӣǰź㣬źǣΣ
ǻȻ
ε˵ּ
԰գĶžƺÿȥˣ
еĴ󳼳ĬеĴ̾еĴ󳼱εľƺʹ飬¡ĪҪˣʺѳɣ
εƺӴ˻ˣҪҰ
ʵϼε̣ı󣬴εơ
ԸεУơ
εۻˣܣô˳ʵ۲ɱҵġ
ЦΪ̫ˣƱػǻϻɡһķڵز˾ϲ̫Ϊ٣Ϊνڣɱ˷ޡԣ㵽ĺأ
ʵۻãԷ޺ݣԼܻݣһֲ˼ΪᱻΪ踺أҪԣʵ۲ߣ·ɣܵĿһЩ˵׷ķޡ
εôҲû뵽ǿҪʺѳĽȻǺԼ󺺻ʵۼɵ
պα΢̣ȥʵϣջӲɱˡ
вʵε۱ǿйƣ
˵һߣݺ˰ɽۡ׻ѳǰȢӹڻ͵ƽ;бĲоˣ֪գ׷ӹ䡣
ݳٳûܵŮȫϵϢȴȵ˻ʵϴͻ飬ΪɽϢ!
ԣŭʱ򣬿ɴδ˵Ҫ޸㡣
ĵҾȢ㣬ζȢ㡣룬ȴ˵Ȣ㣬ҪίʵˡҪټ㣬ôŹġɫʺϻʺʺһһʺ󣬻һʲôлʺһڻʺӡһɩ˵ЦЦ
Ȣ㣬Ϊ˱㰡ʵɫӲȾֵָܺʹ󳼵ӡͻʥּͿ쵽ˣһ¡
񡭡ôȨ֮ƣòˡ
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ˣ׵ظмԵץۣһʵѪӣĿ
ʹһ㶣ɽǡ
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˵ͷԵȡ
ת¶ͦߣžһ¹š
߽鷿СԷݼ¹ڲӣֱ۾æת
˵ץĻݣͷơ
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׾ñһڣһ㶼ۣһվӣһۼûС
ˡ˵ϸۡ
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ݿˡ
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˵ҷЩԴϢһɡ
ʹ룬ͷֳʲôӣŮ˶²˴ˡ
ܲܰɽʹֻּ׽ּ֮󣬴·Խл
ʵϼɱӡֺЦɽӾ񣬶ûܹôص
ɡ
룺еģŮӹͱңͱҵ
׼װһƤ˶ѣ¡
ʵѾ̫֪װ쿪ʱǲĿһĻһֱȢ޻Ϊʲôһãз磩ȻȢޣͺúùŮү˻ŶûУԺ󻹸ͶǴ󺺣
׹Եĺܣ˵ϽѵǣԺ󶼸ˡ
ʵϾȵķѱ׾ȻʺѱķģȻӢѹ˹أ
Իʵ۶Ǻ£Ϊ״Ӵ˲ǹ¼ҹˣߵ޲ܷĵ
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ڲļĹϵֵֺҲĳ
ļﱻū°ߵģɲɣļҲǸѸĵһɷǳӶϵٵӢţ¹ѵĲļصңű°ߡ
ļֵܣܲؽغ
ҲǹѸҲǱ°ƽҲǷ
ջʺ˱´ȥ֮󣬴󺺵ȡЦʹΪʲôȥΪʲôʺѳǴ߳ơ
Ψֵֺܶݵ̬ƵģΪݺͲļ̫ˡֵܲʹԼĸײļգɼѾˣα侮ʯ
˵ЩԷȥҪ
˵ЩһһʷҲ鲻ϡֵһԭѪͳֵܸ˴̤ƽԭֵܵѡô˵Թ޻ڡ

99 ¹϶

˵ԭ, ҳһ, , ĩʵ˾Ҳ, ȴ֮棬, Ȼмɲÿѡһ˾ϼΪ䣬Ȼܿγ˱Ϊ̨ĸݾ档
ȣȻ򣴨ϼ彨̨֮ǰ, ǺȥĴ󲿶Ӵ෴ķ, һȫʯոڵΣǽ֮־档
ӹѺ, ֪Ǳ٣ε۱², ʺɱѳϢ, 򣴨ԥƾʮ˾Ϊ̫, ˾ǽݵ۵ֶ, Ѫͳб̫, ͺս, ĵŮϢ
, ǹ̨ۭû, 󵹸꣬εַ˾Խ־Ĺ
ۭܵĴȫ֮ˣֱӴǧ·˵ˣͰѻݵһֶ˾ƾٳ̫ӣ˸̨ۭ
Ƚ̨⣬˾ͽДĺ̨̫ԭ϶ûмص˾ϵ˵̫ӣ˸̨
ԭأ¡ۭĸӵи˾ϡ̫ӡ̨֮⣬иһżһµ㱻ж˵·Ȼһкūгǿսţڴԭĵ
ôķ򣬺̨մߣÿˣԭκһ̨ȫΨнϽҵ˾Ľ̨ܵõõİ
֪䣬ԭ̨ĸ̫ӡϢϸ˾ȡ˸ơ
ΪѪͳ϶˻̫ӣƺͺ˼ˣƺԭ̨Ĵ̫ƾΪ֮һ
ʵֻȽΪԷģԭ̨໥ģʣʵ̫ˡ
һ·ϣͶ׼Լ·Ľ˾
һ·ۣˡɢ¡󺺹׷ȵȵɧŴ٣ҿ໹ۭ书ǿʮܴ򣬲һδεĻΪġ
ܵ죬ƥ۵ÿ°ĭزˡ
ʹĿٽƥжŰ壬ӣɼ׵ĵܣȻ̧ۭŻӼϡ
ҿӶͲƽ念Ѱڡ
ûˣʣ޼ʳǰС
ӵ״ܲãһֱ˷ܣû˯㵸˵˭ĺӶͲ
ƥĵ죬ͣˣƣߵ˯۵εڹʱ򱻲Сڵ£ˤüԶû
ӶˣƤͫףͫ׶ԹҲûʲôӦҩ᲻ӸԻˣ
º£򶨣ʯɢ˾ҹȻ˯켸ҹҪӻͦȥġ
Ӷְѱӷҩʺһǧ顣
˵ˣʡʡɣʳﲻˣǴ죬ûʲôɳԵġ
Ӷű졣
ðԼ˺ˣɴཫӵڵϣٴαˤȥ
̽ӵĺ̫ˣۭ˵̧ۭһ·ˡ
̧죬־δĳ˵ϵӣһͷһȺؤںһģˡ
ۭһҲˣ˹˽
·ߣţò۷ѡ·ƺôԶ
ƻ裬СϪһ𣬲ͺӶ򵥵ķӴһˮ
տȻһ飬ӽˮһһ˷һ롣
ˮĥ⼸ȱˡ
ĿǰΨһοǣԽߣԽů֮ͣǰбѩѾʧˡ
Զƺеƻ˵ǰ˼ңϻнҶӣǰȥޣӵ̫ˣͷ¶ޡ
ǿִõĶؼ⣬һҪǮΣյʱ򣬿ֵǮĽҶӾͶˡ
·նԸģðϴɾˣŽҶţžպͽҶӣÿҸط˯
ͷƬͺã˿ٺ˺˼ҵĹǰС
ԶԶ˷һȺŮڿޡ
̧ۭ֣ͣȥвԣϻǸĵǡ
ۭѵأľڱ»⴦ʧҹĻС
ŹСʱõΪˣ̧̺ŵܣӲڲݴҶסˣȻŵű
ϣۭһѣ滹˩һƥѵĺӳ˷ܵأأƥǹȥ
Ǽõܡõ壬ذúͲǿ͵Ͻҵȥĸ͵͵ܻ
֮ǰϦȥǹȥϱܻǸոճǣ̵ľӾʹˣһ·ϱӣҲѴۣΪǹ̫ˣźū;ٶˣӴ󣬲Ƹֶ࣬¶˸ĥǵһٱ
һ·ϣִ󺺵ġľӡɽ˵ȵȾûͣǹ⡣
شٶӭӣǳԲһһֵĳսһƸ·ӵ
ڽɺӵʱһȺɱǹƥ۾ɱˣʹ֮£񣬾ȻֱӴϳ嵽˴ӣǹôˡţ۰ĹױҲͨʮӾΣ޷Աĺûǹʬ帡ûʲôĻˡ
ͣش˴֮󣬸ȥѰǹʬ壬ֻǴʣµҴһֱܡ
ǹһĹǿĨᣬײײϵϵԼûбùкĿţǶ
ղĿǹĹڿޡ
ؼʿ䣬ֿ޵ķɴǹҴһٶŮǺҴδ齫ʿԣһСͥ˵
ԭѾ䣬ˣǶʧȥ˼ңҲһǹˡ¼ңһһޣ֧ţ˽ϣŮһж¿ʼʲôޣǻţѾȺܶˣ
õȥʱⳡ
塣
ؿúͲ綼ţΨһĺϢˣЩԹ֪ϺˣԺ󻹶ܵģǰ㸸ڽ϶ٴҪĸӻȥƫںˣжܣȴôܲط衣
˵ǹˣڰ˳䡣
غǹûʲô飬һöûУϾǽᷢޣ»ѹģʱû취ˮδؾȵû˵ˮˣָսʿһңʱ˶
أ常δߣ
سƬ̣ȥҵ·ö˽ٷˣųû٣Щԭǿҵ·ˡȥݣݴʷΣϵˣ˾ͽܵ׵ܵܣȥͶӾݵҵսܵ˻ͣܰȫ

100 

˶˵е, ͨҵڵϾ·̫, ܿܵ, ߸ȥͶϵΡ
òضʶΨûϳͷĺӶλǡ
, ӶˣǰԲ°ͶˣҲˣǰ߰, ھͨѵĸ, ̷Ȼ
Ҫ, Ӷһ, , кͼɢɼӷ, һͬǰҵ, ڴͼطꡣ
Ӷ˵ʵݣɴǰ, , ǡ˱ȽϺ, 뵱Ľ
ݴʷصõܡΣǽ֮ܵ׵ܵ, Ը, Ƿᡣ
жôǷ᣿
ֵܵĸĸ磬ĸʱ򣬽µСиܺͶϱϣҪǰСܵܵ׶Ӹ
̸ֻѧɢҲƣˣԻÿ͵µķӶˣȫҰᵽׯȥס
ɷֻõǮǮΪССȫصȫѹڵĸͷϣƵùԼ޵Ѿ߽гȥȥ˻ǮΣ
οߣȰɩϧū澣Ѿͷ¶ȥˡ
ʲôˣ̫ԭϵġزǺ˲ãýŮʺϷøеø
Ѿ߲ȥ࣬ȫҺ磿С̫Ƿˡ
ϱŭСӵ·ʹ򣬡֮ǰҪСҵĻҪСĻ
εʱʮ꣬ɩӴˡ
ֵܾവ˵Ƶ̫ 
˵ϲȻҲ
һԴɩֵҵöģˣ׸ѾˣǸϽ취ŪǮȥ
һǮ־ͲҪǰ֣ۻ࣡
ΣҺʹ̸ĪҪ´徻ף
СӵǴ㲻Ƿ徻Ƿᡣ
ܵǷᣬȻ׵ܵܵģһֱΪ˵ܵܵ;·۵ܵܺõصʱ򣬲Ҫ˵εһصڶ
ΣܱѡΪܳ谮ǹ𣿣ϵˣ˼һʵ˾ΪʲôѡܵεŮûX
ΪЯ׵ܵܣһһȣ޵ߡҲɹΪ·ܹܵ˺ͨ
֮ҺܳΪִ˾ԽĸΪϵ棬ҲΪ˸ܵıȫķʲܰΰŵǧ֮ľݵʷԶսҡ
ò˵ľǰհ۹⣬ȫңҲΣǽ֮£ܵһȴԶھݣһԱȫ
õȥͶΣ·ػǹнĲƸָ¸ով꼯һԶˡʲôûҪȫƽָ¡
ԣУõʱ˽ӵ˼ˣӵ˲ƸŻἤ**ʿ
Ǯƣغ̬ܵһģǧɢνǰ;ǰ̸Ҫ
ϵļҷҲˣƺʩƣǮɡ
ͨݵ·Ȼͣ࣬ʹٷˣûһ˶أ򣬿·߶ˡƺ
·ϣѹˣĸף̱˵ݱ׾ˣŰ˵㶫ֿʼ˯
ϲǵûʺ󣬿ûбĳɵ
˵Ҫʵ£ʯɢɵʱзŮ˱˻ݵ˾Եӡܵģ
Ӷ£ͺãҸһճɵɵģɵɵû֮֡ǸŮӣǡɵˣô찡
õʲôӣҶȢչһһ
һ·ѾĴ㡣
֮ɫʲôɰ飡
֪ĺӶɴ˫ۣʲôϵ
Դӵʣ˵Ĺϵ
ӶҪըˣסͣӻТڡʺ󱾾ʹТڽʹͻģҲͰӹϱˡʲôӣ䡣
Ӷ˲˰Ʊƽѵϲϱصķ˲缦ǼڽϵλȻǽ˾ĵһıʿة࣬޸ãĸ
ˣӶԺ󼸺粽Ż˯ӣʲôõͼľ飬кӰŵġ
ڣ˾ݣһƬƽԭҲڴʹ֣ͬ˵Ļһֶ
һ뿪ԭϷĳһжʵģã㲻ڽϹ˼ôҲһֶ
Ҳ£ҴöҵͬϷݺͽҵĻȫͬ
տʼŵĽҵ;˹ͨǶԷߴߴ˵һͨ
Һһ·Ҳдԭ񣬼ڵ˾ݳǣĩľݳǣǺľݣλ߲Ҫִȥ󣩡
ϱ߽ǣԭĺۼǰһɽɽűģɽ»һá
ɽӶǺ棬ǾݰΪ̩ɽϵãûȻڽϿˣȻô
ĸǲļò꼧ʵﱾģĸmԭǿϡӺڵŮǲܲɱ˿ȫң壬Ѿ޵ĿϣmΪ޹ձɱ
mȢ˼Ҳ꼧һһŮ褣褺޸˾ܲĳ˾ʦΪ׻ʺΪһ
ʱھݵʮʷΪƽ⣬һͳɽ춨ʱԵ·ˣݣºܶණĽͶκݣΪ˼ݳǰɽ֣ɽɽ½ʢ
ֵݵʺʱ̩ɽϺˣҲûྪž޵μˣǵĵλԶϡ
ݣ˶ڽӰʵд
ӴʱѹˣĿŴϣĿʵ磬ɽǽԭΨһǣĸ̩ɽĺۼ
ˣС˷磬ͷۡɴϡ
Ӹɴãʱô֪ҵĸھܵ˳羴
ʵ˵һңԶĵطĸϱܵ𾴣ӵĴõ㣬һЩ֮ʹ
еʧ֮磬֮ɣܵĸоĸڼʮǰһӣ˴Ѿ񣬴ºóӦźǡ
ЩΣйϵǼ峤ֺܶϲҪôĮӣҪô͡ʱһ˾ͺ֪Ĺˣԣˡ޵¡˵
Խ̣ȻȻǱ˺ѹסˣ

101 ұͨȫһǮ

, ˵ܴϵ, һкܶ˳羴ġ
صȻô˵Ϊĸ, ̩ɽϣĸ塣ԤдҪʱѾ˾һǰ͵Ͻҵ֮ҡ
һݹϵ, ػӱˡ
ͣ˵Ȼ·򹫵ãҪȥһ¡
ôһ˵ĸ̩ͬɽϵҲһȥá
ӺҪȥǶҪȥ
µһʢ, Ϸȱů, Ѿֻл˴, ӣҶ˹ӡ
ͨõ·ӵ, ӣ¼񡪡ӸĿзװ, 󲿷񲢷ǴԭģǰǱߵ, Щø, ʹɽϾ͵ȡģ֦ɡ
ȥ, , ޾, ЩеĿеľĿ, еļӵİȥ, ׷Χȥ֡
һ·ٱ׷ɱǵͬļĴΪ˱ⱻΧõ˶¶ƣ°ε׼κ񿿽
ڻĿ£˳á
ҺãھţһֱоݰԷػûɸɾġ
ǴĺãȲп׻²Сţǹݡ
£ΪͷΪô
ҡͷʾԼ˵һͨõҲĻ
룬Բͨͳһģ³ãӦʶһЩ֣ǸƬҶӣµд˸衱֡
۾ˣ衱ֱֻϤ˼ƬҶǾõġ
½ӹҶӣһݡ
ǿǮķá
÷£ȥͷһ֦д֣򹫵ĺˣݡ
дȻ¶ˣУ㵸þݻ˵򹫵ļˣԼڣѹϣ
ݻǴµıӦǶ˼
ұȫһǮ
õͷָƬҶӣд֣Ϊݣ
Щǳ֣¶ˣ֦д˸¡Ͷɱǧ֣дצƵģĸճͶĽֻдˡ
ƶǶ£ǹݣȻ򲻹ݴʷΣͶˣΪʲôɱǧ
˵ɱ˰ǧս˼
ڵдɱǧս
¶ãȻڡսֻ˸ȦƵƵҡͷʾʶ֡
òææ֦ڵϻ˸СˣСֱ˩һӣһǣš
ڶͼǣӵ˻ӵսͷͼսأڻӵСԱдˡ
¿ˣæĹˣǷˣȻ֦ӵһṲ̋Ĩƽˣͣʾñ졣
²õ֤ʵøոշɵæص˵:µ˵壬ᾣݳǣʷȰͶַϣɱ˰ǧЩ񣬴˵ز˾ߡ䲻ᵽ
һţܵ׵ܵôɥĲ֮£
ǱΪȻҲľӰ
ϵˣȻЩ̣Ī¹ͨˣ޵¡ݰճ򹫣Ȼϲϵˣǲʲô᣿
˵Բͨʶ˼֣ܹͨ⣬Ǵ˵زǸϽεѻ
ΧǵľݳǣڶǾݱ˺εפǽȥģھŻѪʮ꣬ǽ̣ո㣬Ƚϰȫ
˴ҴҰݱ򹫣˾ϳǳţſ·ϣн˶Ҫ黧·Է
صǾݴʷøݣ
ؾдԭˣȻĵλ£ʶأϤٻٿþգʿ湫ӵķæ˽ǣӱȥʷš
ͨݳǺóǣؽһ涼ǹرյģҲЦݡ
ΪΧ͵δԭľӣͷغò㿪ڣֻʶһۣһ񣺾ݳǸصأҲǸ֮أݴʷǸʵ͵ķʲ۵ܵܵܲŻʹΰ/ھݡ
ô˸֮б˥ˣ
ѵ˵ɱǧ²αӣ
εĵ̣ʲô˵ʲô˵ﳵ⣬ҶǻĵĽ
ÿд֣Ҫ¶Ӻݣ˵ŮһֱǸװС
˵˴ʷβҡҡλεĹӭӣμҪаһȥ㵱Եؿͷ
÷Ӧ죬𲮸Σһŵοڱ֮ǿҵľ
ԭΰƣȵû˯ȥǿнѣʱΣûʶ
ðηš
һ̲Σغ޲һȹȥ׸ܷѾĻ㰲ھԶսң㲻˼ȡѺö˶˵ľݸӣɱǧ²˸£Щ˺ˣ
úõһ屻³˸ո뻢ڣѨ֮ѵûһܹ
ܻб˴ʧ˶к滹һ˼ˣӡ
࣬ĸĻӴˣŮ챻ŵԺլϢϽдʷӿ
·Ʈ񲻺ãʱҹĳ鴤
ΪӣӦ꣬Ҷˣϰ
˵һˣĻŵᣬǴʷǾ׸ȫҶҹԾʷ˺͸׺񣬳縸ûˣʷʹ޲øһȥػݵòǿŵ٣ˣ˵ԭһ̨ĸ̫ӣǴʷ˲֪Ч˭
ɱǧ²ɣ
ۭĸˡǲţ϶װĻŵĹһᣬ˵յĸֺô
˵޵¡ܶԼǼõģõΪ˼ɢҲƣƵŹϲòҪѾȥ·߼á
úַϳΪȥܸ蹦̵£ӷڱн
ϯһֱ˯ʱʱ߽þ
õ˻طϢֶСı
أ常ҿοס汻ŭİ£ֻǺζϵˣԴŹǡȥҵҪҸһ֧ݽˡ
ҶǶսҵԭͷǰǶʹͬܣҪͶɱ˼ңļ޴Ҳûеߣʹþݳ˱Χľء
رϾǳǵĸһЩĻŵĻκţԭ̨ϻи㸸׸Ľ˾ĿǰûѡκһͶԾݳǸµҪ˵κһͶŵֺô͹λλβпܰǻؽҵ
÷ԣοɱǧɥĲҲмΪıγøλôЩضᷴɣ뽭ΪУսϣҲġ
Ȱֶȴһ£ȥһ׮ǱΣǰȫҵȻ󡪡
Ŀһ䣬ɱΣԽԹԶɱΣ㻹ᣬҪ֡αɣɱͬĶϾ

102 

ʹɱǧ²Ķ, Ǵδɱ֪, ˣλ֮ڵĽ, ι۵ԲһɱԷûġ
ɱͬ壬棬Ҫŵġ
һ𾪵ֶ˵Ѿ͸ˣһʺһ࣬Ҳǲɱͬ壬ΪŻͬͬ⣬ұضɱΡ
ԸԾǿ϶飬϶޷˵ȥ׸ʯڽ԰磬ʯȰƵĶϰ, ŮԱȰƣ˲, ʯ˿ȰŮͷ, Ŀûвȵ, Ψ, ʯŮ, ˵Ⱦǲȡ
˵Ҫɱ, ο϶ɥ֡
øϽȥͲԲߣ˵ҪɱΣصԸ˲֪˶ȷؿ϶ᶯ֡
ɫǰʱ򣬲û˻бǸ͵֮ˡ˾ݣ߻ʵԶ޾ˣ޼ɵھݵʵۣһ˵㣬ȨʴİνˣһжƿءΣܹ˵ȥͶ𣿡
ʱ򣬴ҶþǱܷۣˣŷִѷǱΣϰ߸δԸκһ
ﲻǱܷۣܿǸ塣
˵ǽףˡ
ۭ˵ҽڹ侣ݳǣȥһԡ
ۭ˵߾ߣû߳ȥĻˣ˵ͷа£Ϊ˱֤λ͵İȫڴʷҪȥ
˵ͬڴʷ
磬ھˣո𴲣Ⱥѵݡ
ڳƣε۾ͱͷ죬ȫѾƵˮȣһỳľʱ⣬һȫҵĴܡģӲ
κȵ˷ʱɴ齣ϯ˽裬һʾոɽӣ⸴֮⡣
裬
ϯ䣬ؼζ˻赸ɱΣ뵽һ»ɱˣֻס
ξٱͬ
õһţ˵Ѿ߶һˣĸżͼžֶۣдһ飬ҪȥҵΪת
νӹ飬һԣû̷Ըȥҵţ˵ʲôֶõԶͶҪúд֮ظмķ羰ˣʹȥúһ档
Цǲżһ·۳Ͷ٣ҲҪúϢǾͶסաֻǸв֪ĸѾȫ϶ɣ֮ˣһżǵϢҹĲѡΪӣø׵ǣңǲТ彫תףȸƽ
ТβþܾѼ齻ĻţȥſŵҵУ˵ŮõؽھͣҪù
⻰ʵҪЮ֮⣬˼˵źӻֵܶ㿴Űɣ
а˵ǰȫˣһɱ㡣
Ļơ
ȥصġáӡ
ԴϺüѨλ룬һ⬣ڻ˯С
ݱصҽԲͨҺôʶֵģֽдŮˣ
дӣͨҪÿҩơϢҪ̼̬ƽ͡
룬ʹţ͵͵ƬҶӸ
ֵܿӰ죬ýǮһθӿʱͱŴʷĿأ˴һƬҶӣ
޷ͨͨõġ
򽫽ҶӲؽҴˡ
ýݣ˴ҽ˵α˵鲻Ҫ˼
̾ųѨѡ֪϶ĲѣԴ֮ˣһ뷨ҪԽˡ֪ģ˵һаãݳ̫ˣʱǣ㸸ʱȥҵ
úȶˣڿͣߵűӣôľԶ㣬Ѭӡ
ԾŲ߿ηҪҺȣҾ˼ýϼĸ˵ˡ
˵ѾҵʹȻȸղŷˣ㸸״ĺܣ鴫֪ôһ뷨ӰǾȳȥġ
ȴûĸôֹۣҵܵܣײһӡײֻᱻ޶ҪЮסˡ
֪֮ɷôںӣΨһĵöɷԣӼһ𶼱Ȳ
ЦǴС׸߻ˣµӵǸǸ׸һ㶼Υ㵹ã壬ǰ仨ˮһ㶼˼ӡһ㶼Ц㣬˵ӦûǵʲôϵɡҪ̨ף;֣㲻ģ壬ƵŰաճҪ
õһ飬Ӳø׵ѹӣĸ׺͸֮䵭ĹϵȻͬĸףԶס
ԣ֮£ûдá
õҿյӦ԰ɡαˣ˭֪ױûУ
ǰɲҰڼﵱ롣
һҲʼһɣ
һ·ѣ߸ֶթĿɳھݣҲֹˡ
ݵҵ˳ųˮ·ɣҹ̵Ļ˵ʹʮܴĻţҪǰھɽˮ
֣Ϸˡ
ΨһĺϢǴÿθƣӾÿ춼תãǰֶͷѣήҲ
һ죬ȥɽڸ˼Ҳͷ¶棬һڸӣһֱʾˣĿǰԳǲ͡
翴Ŵʩ룬ƽ֮󣬲͵͵Ҷӣøոѧľݻ˵ˡ
һǾȣĹ˾Ȼѧ֮صԡ
һЦдͻһ䣬ǸĹ½̵ġ
ʩһŽҶӸǡ
Ѿ߽õҩ˹¶ȣŵˣιӡ
æнŵģͷˡ
ŮôĿ࣬δδĸ׵óᲹ˵Ը⣬ҩˡ
ӿźںڵҩ֭üͷһ׵ιȵԼҩյһʹġһҩҩԣҺҩζ
ֻðҩӺ꣬һǽζ
ӺǣҲĸˡ
ƫԶĿʱǻѾΪɽ
˵˵ĸǣģǵ˽ҵǱȥƽ
ӽǣͻȻ̫ѨһһģǱͷһ۽ˡ
æͷˣȥѴ
۵亹ֱðҪ絣ģסˣӾͺá
翴һε亹ãæѾȥѴ
ǲ֪ΪΣѾ͵ûͷź򣬲˺üûӦ
סǰԺӣʱ
ûѾߴûð취ֻȥǰԺ
ͷѣŴӣֱһ͹ˣ޲ͷײֹʹ
ʹذʱ֨ѽһſˡ
Ӿƣ֮ǰδľﵽǰԺһʱ䣬ǰŸճţôŴˣ
Ӷһ߲ǴҲǲ磬ȴǴʱӦɽһľݴʷΣ
һæ´񣬡ܻˡ
˵̧ͷ
ӻ̧ͷ
һݣݴʷΣݼӹ£ɽ飬ԭȺ۲𣬶̶£ͽ̨ĸ̫ӡ⻹㽭˾
΢ǴľݴʷȻֻģЩ̨̫ӡνԷģ΢ֻڴ΢Ƿ𣬵ӹȵΨһճѪѪͳĸ̫Ӳܱȵģ΢ԸЧҹ£̨빫گ飬¾ӻ۾ݣһ

103 Ϊ

ʱĿ, , Ұģаþƹӣ
Ϸ, ȫݼ
˵ݳͶͶǽͼµȦףҪøغŪ̽ǷԸ潭˾
βֱӾܽصˣǽƽԼϣװȶˡ
ڰʱλԵؿͷݵ̫ˣ˶ƭȥ
ҪЩ˵ĵϸԲͻȻðȤ
ࣩͣҲˣصŮܻѾߵòʸ߹ҸΧ˵Ĺ۲, ˣضԲŮء
λɲŮʵݹ󲻿, Ҽӷ˲ʱ򾭳빬͢, Լ, ӹʱȥҹޡ
λŮӹ, Ůסլ, Ҽӷһֱ, һСӵĲɩӵԷǾʹɽ֮ơ
ϣȥɽ棬ںˣɽбԺ˯ʵ͵͵ɽصʷеѾ߿ȻŮʩƵʱ͵͵ЩֽţŮͻȻأͷۡ
ûѾߴȻԼȥǰԺ򣬷ֻһˡ
ʱȥϾ۾ӵˣʶ
Ȼ˶·;࣬ò䣬
ȷݺ󣬼ֱϲ֡
Ⱥףԭ̨ͽ֦ҪΣһ¡
Դӵ˾ݵʵۣ˶/õζ˵ɱɱɱᣬָо񫣬ôܸ£ܵ˲ǲ
˶һ޶ȵΨһѪӹܣΪͲһˣ
Ϊ̨ѪͳϿ̨ӹ
иӣңҪӼ޸ӣãξܳþõĿƾ̨
ôļƻ
μֱҪΪԼĻǹأ
ΪӰӣһֱα˵顣
Ǻεȴ֮ˣ
ǽȥɽͷ۲ͻȻĪʧˡ˫ĿβסҰģӶʱһжεıҪЮ¡
żв֪İΣ
ӴʮͿʼ湬ˣ֮ңʲôû
˵֮ǰݣҲˣͷΧǣй¶ݣʷ˴鷳Ըɴʵݣϣʷ˲Ҫ⡣
μϣǸˣӦگˣ
˵ȻȻԭⲻн𣿻кܶʷһЧҴĳӡֻҪŽһ£ܹ⸴ԭ
Ȧһ죬ҵĸ°˺ƽҹ˼һ죬һӭĸʷҵĶԲԣ
ϲ񣬡΢Ϲᣬѣ⸴ԭؽҡ
Ҳܼϸңγܹ⸴ԭӷҲοҵģأ
ƭȥˡ˵дȥˣϾͻ
˵һ·غͼýĻҪҵݣʷɲҪǰ
ˣֻ̾㱻˸ƭˡ
ӹ󾪣˻Ǵҳһ·ʵס
ƭǲΪ˱Ϊ˹ѪȵΨһĹѪճĵճԭ̨ĸν̫ӣ֧ΪɾӣȰѹƭϽҵȥ
ǽ˾ĴʦǼõܣֵܴСϵͺáӷ˺ӵȻҲ֧Լˡֻ֧ңѪͳӹֲ˽Ķ̴Źź£ȥҵϣ⸴ԭɴ˲ݾӣԼǿ󣬹˵̣ʱͻΪĹߣ͸Ķǣסӡ
ĿĲĿﰡĪҪǵļٶƭˡ
ԼĴɣ֪ȴ˵̫ˣҡһʱܲЩ뵱һʼӷˣǷƭҡ
Ҫ硣
˵ӷ˵ȻϣҪ
ˣ˹ƢŲҵ£Ҳҵ顣ʷȻЧң̨Ϊô򵥵鶼㣿
ҪӣֻôӦ̫ªˣ乫ݣ빫ƼԺ΢ѾԺڳģӭӹݣȹ΢˴ӷˡ
ʣôغͼأ
˵ھݲѷ֣΢úǣΪʣԴǣƽҪЩƽ˳̨ǽʦϧճӣ˵ԹЧҵġ
ʿգĿ࿴ȻҲľΣȻʦͨΪҰļҺıҡ
ӼװεĹ˵ãʷġһ˱Ͼо֮ҪǶš
˵ȻǶϵˣ΢ɱͬġ
򳵣ᵽԺ
ոյԺͷʹҵĽŲĻſ񱼶ʷˣˣֿʼңѾʷɱˣ
βţ˵ܣݳǽʮạ̊́Ⱥں֮ôܹ
Ļ˵ǰ񹥽ݳǣǾݰաڹˮɱǵĸ򿪳ŷŰģֻɱʷˣɧžݳǡ
ԭݰͲεĶ/רᣬ˰ӸȵȶУڵ˲ܹӣݳһ꾭αˡ
ԣҪɱΣΪԩİǧͬ縴ʱ˺ͰһļͣͬĵΡ
θոս̨пʵĶ
죡λæĶӻһܣǿ쳷Ҹطɽǣ
˷˽ǣﲻٴˣӹʱļ
ӱЮãֻƾܣ뿪ʷ
˵ȥǰԺҴ˸գ˵һԺӣȥѰȻˣʱֲõԤУæϻȥӲң¥ա
󼱣ҪӣˣһֽдţǱƲѣŮѨλֽţŻͻȻͷۣߣͷˣɱʷˡҴȥȫĵط
𾪣֪ò򣬼ƬҶӾ
æдΪ¸ң򹫵ĺˣյݾȥ򹫣򹫶ԾжҪ򹫵ĺˡ

104 ׷

ԹžǱұ֮, ʱϽϾݣڶ⡣ԱǱ, κ, αݴʷʱ, ս, һ£ҪͳһϱˣȻԹעΪ
ľҲʵƣԸ, ݰʳ, Ƭսݲе, ʮ˵ǵõ, Ծݰɽ
ڱݣϾҲϾݵԻ߾Ӵԣ˵ܵ, ﶼؾϾݵˡ
ʱϾݵĽ½ǰİ֮ҲҲͤ½½ֵܵ游½, ҩ, Ҫҩ, ˵ж, ½ȴҪ, ǲˡ
ƷֶκΪ֮壬˲߱κǵ
һŮѾݰյŮǻܶϾݵ͵/ɵĲս֮
ʹñս֮ʹľݰĸڻصͲˣϢǧ֮ľݣĪʹޣԾΪ򹫷ɥТΪ˱ܻ䡰ֵķӴ˰ѻΪš
ȥɽǸ߿׹ᱮúμס򹫶ԾݵĶ¡
ȥγΪݴʷ޵չ֬࣬ݰĪʹޣټϣ׸ܺøǱ¡޵¡ھݾһĴڣڮ񣬾ݰոΡ
ŏ|˻þݺεìܣΪӦ򿪳ŷŰȥʷļƻ
ݰնκ֮ǣӦ˶ŏ|飬ɱεĸӭӰ
һڽ֮ǰȥüݣûƬҶӸ£дԼ򹫺ˣ񹥴ʷʱǻɽ棬ɽ¾ޱ䣬æɽȥȻڴʷĲӡ
Ҫһˣõ»оݰոסˣ˵Ƕ򹫺ˣ׼ǡ
ô󼱣ڵд֣˵ĸ׺ͱûڴʷĪҪǡ
´ǽȥʷ·ϸպ˸ƵĴŲܳ
˵ӵݱ֪ˣҪɾӣӽ̨֮ʱ°ӣʱѾˣҪȥ׷
εѳӣҲ˲磬˶ûп򣬽Ȳܴĸھݣ˽Գȥ׷ܵΡ
θɶɶУҰģȴ޷ڣȴС
οӱޣӱǣĻŽ·Ļǰ׷ɱİԼżҾͻ˳Ĵ󴬣﷫𺽣˳ˮķϱʻ
׷Ρǵƺ̶Ļ̿ʣʳܵļƻ
Զţɱ˰ǧ²ѪծѪǾԲŹεģæСȥ׷Ρ
βĴΪһֱ߳䵱룬ҪӾȳô򿪵ͼ˵ۣǱ·ŰĴһˮ·׷ſǰ·Ͻ輸ҴȥεĴǰл
ؾüƻܵ˵Ͱļƻ¡
֣Ҹһ׷δ
ǣˮ½ؾӡ
˵ӱ°ϣӣͷۣ˴ϣˮټսϣܹо΢ĵĵһĵСӦˣ嶶Ǵϵ˱ҡΣϴþδҩ³ˡ
Ҳδ
һͷλı·ʧݣ̨ˣһô죿
δ򿪵ͼžεĳǳأݺͽݣϺͽԼһ
ݵǰ͵ˣҳһ࣬ξǽˣǽ˾ĵ̡
૵̫ˣ񲻻ŹңﲻܴΨһȥǵݣͶıӻ£Ųᱻɧš
εĳղ˵ףؾݣ˭κһǲ˱Ϣ¡ߵһıʿǼӺ͵ճӣǽ˳𣬵ͶϺãЩίضǵ鷳
賤ӣԭеҪǳġȸ
ΰûãÿóԺúȵĹţɽˮǻ𱨲ɡңЩͼİֲ˭˭ֻǶھݳƣҰǶɽǴʱѾŭİǧˣöˣ˭ȥ״
ղһø׷еǾ͸˵ǱɱˣǽѣðǶ
ӿɽҲκοزͶҲû·ӿߡοֲǿȥ֮ˡ
ָŴպ󲿣ǽӹݴ׸ضӷ٣Ǹ֣˵Ժͥ飬һ
ղЩɣǰ͸ˣ¹϶ɵĹԱͶẒְ́ڵĶڽϵĵλ
һЦ㻹ᣬƺ֮մȨҪ϶ɵʿǣšԺأȨ˳ǵڶܲ١ڶ˾ܲýģʱҪƺˡ
ղ̾Ųߣܽˡ
ʧȥݣȴӶһģ˭˵ãǡҲûл
ݹȥݣݸңһƬ֮ء
˵أˮ˴٣Žˮս̣мЩں֮ڣսֱײȥѶԷصĴֻײˡ
˳ͨ˴׷ϵĴֻûôˣˮ˲ŲǲǺηˣһͬʣոձײֻĻͳͳй׷ϡ
غҲǵһˮսվվȣһһ¡
ˮǲ˴죬ŏ|ͻˮ˵İΧ׷
ˮʱ䣬ϣ½·úܹǰסδӡ
ú˽ݣǽĵ̣ˢֱܵλĽݴӪ
פĽݴʷǽ˾󽫾ܷá
ܷ漮ǶĩԭңܼǨ㵽˽ϣڽŽӣѾĴˣǼһֱøԭǼԱ֮˵ܼ˶ܹԭԡ
óúÿһ·ӪȻû˸
ף˴ӪܷõĳܸæܵʴӪҸס
ܷ÷±飬ôӪն
ܼҴӵڶʼ٣ܷõ游Զ֮ǹ٣ڽˣȻԭ½½ֵܵ½ҶƲϣֽܼʿǺ塣
ܸʮ꣬游פɰ꣬Ƕ²֣˵Ļʿ˵˵϶ҵĹͬĿȥǰɡ
֮ң¹϶ɣԭϣⲢϡ档
ܷþ֣ʲô˹⿿ֱӪ
ܷôŶӳȥԶԶ꣬ʱסˣòʣƽδѹְȫסˡ
Աţãλұܲ͡ǻӹ϶ɣ;йݴʷ°ߣǵĴݣ󽫾ˮء

105 

ڽһ֮, ֮ϵıʿ˵ʲô˾ʲô
иͯĵճ, ųϵ, һڵꡣ
һ·, ûκο֤ݵķȵ, ܷÿõˡ
˭ӣ
ܷӳ֮£̱, Բλࡣ
νٳ˹£ܷóԾ, ŹȥͶ
˵ԭǴЮ, ̨Թб, ͽ⵽;ݰյϣɥ֮ȮҲ֪Ĵ㣬дֻ׷, ĳݶˮ·ˮˣ, ʣµľ, Բϰ, ֻܿսӲ, ݹǽ, Ǳؾ֮أ񶫴󽫾Ԯ
ܷǽĹ壬δȥҲӹļֵæˮڽ沼Ρ
öһҪסӹ֮Сȥ̸УͶͷ񶫴󽫾ϣȷȫͼ
ôɱΡ
κв
棬ССսܲȴεս
ʱһԲڿĽ
ϣζɽһΪˮѾˣû뵽ˮһŽϣҳмһСɳޣɳأפžӣ½زࡣ
ɳ޵ɳǰɫԽɳޡ
ڽҵ϶ס࣬Ӧս಻Уδģ˫ȷƮΪӣǿסԼҪ¡
ԽǰʾԼҪ£Խ£ζ൱ܰ
ÿӣ˵ȥĵİɳ޵ȴ½أͲˣεĴֻһſ촬ǡ
ѾֲȥˣæӦ
ȻõıܣȻأ񶫴󽫾ܷæܸ͡͡ȥɳޡ
ܷ˵ͣȥͲܹӡ
ֵܸ͡
ܸӴսСۣܸ˫๰ֵл
С۱ȴ󴬸ΣΪתעȥµ飬ûһܸ죬ֵͣǲиֵ־ͬ־ͬϣٺ١
ܸǴĵˣȻܹϰĽ˵ҵȷиܵܣС֡ҵǼͣһֱϣںϱҽйʱ򣬴ֵ͡
ܸʣ֪ܹӺ֣
˵֣ԺҪвܹӣҵּɡ
ܸԭӴ򽻵Щţ˵ģ˵񲻿ɷϣҾͽְɡ
æ˵֣ұСһꡣ
ܸ˵ܵܣɫףδɣûϵ¾£ؾ
ܸһ˵֣Ҳ̲סˣſڴ£ȫι˽㡣
˰ɳޣպܸ꣬ˮڡ
ͣãŪˮҾýˮһ¡
ܸ˵ղµͷˡ
˵ãһ˵Ͷģֻýӹˮӣͺͺڱһľ룬ˮڡ
¹⣬޺͵İɳޣˮˮĴ߷ɽ޳ϸĲ䣬ܸĲԭǲһִ³ĺˮƶôźÿ
˿ڣ˫Ųڰɳϣ̲ˣƽһξ½ôС
ཫˮһϴһϴٻ֡
ܸͷս۽£ϸ׵İɳϣ¹ЪһЪ
ܸڰɳ޲Ϻɣأⶫɿڣѹס㳢һ
һʱ˼˵ⶫҲУҪ²죬ûĴ󡣡
̾Ѿһˣյգ̫ƽʱһܴȥһ䣬һּҵĴ棬ǸóԣϧѾûˡ
໰ͷһתӷ˱֣˵Ҫڽҵֲٹ꣬ҴȥӼԴ档
ܸ˵ҵҡ
޾Ǹ죬ܸЩɬнҲĴ±ý̸ϵķ顣
˵Ż棬εĴսｭݾڣδڴĲˣװ͸͸
¡εĳղˣа
æк£
ղһҩϻӣŹδ΢ҩ裬ѹºţ֢״
лӡ˵һŮӹҩϻӡ
ղʾŮҩ͵Է
Ů˵ģæȥ졣
װֻӺղˣӾйѹȸУ˵Щˣһشա
ղ˵΢͹
ӻص£߰ϣŮѾȡһδҩԱӺ
ӲҳԶûҩ˵һƬ⣬ò飬Ǵ򿪴ҩӽ˳ʬ𼣡
֮ӱ۾ǿԼ˯˯˾Ͳδˡ
Źʱ䣬ӻû˯ţ£һĸƽΣһǴʱںδ׷Ƶģ˯š
죬ΪŮ̿ģû⣬źĵ̺Ų˽ҿʱŵһɲŮϵѬ㣬ŷӦβһŽŴӴ˳ץ̨˭
˼ܶǳԾ԰ʱӦûԲѲŶԣѵûгҩ
ڰֻ̿跢΢⣬ӿߵòǴǸˡ
ӴȵʲôˣôԷ
԰գӻ⽫ƵĻƿأҳƬ
ͷһֱַվڣ϶ֳȶȻһ˶ûУһƬžֻŵôͷϽˮ
ִ̨ӵϼһƬ£
߲ˣӣȼ˴ͷ̨ϵ򣬡£ղ
Էӿղֻᱡ£ʲô׵ģ
ӽѹƷŭ򶨣ӽˣأ²Ϊ
ղŲߣңһ飬ɾܾأҪɺ¡
κղӵļƻǰھݵʱˣھûˣҪӵ׸֮ǰղռӣ췹ܱ֤Ӽ޸ղ˵Ѫ
򵥵˵ղӾǲӵݺӹǶһ޶ԴǻǿŪ֣һ˽ĵ̣аţӼ޸ˡ
˭һ鰡ǿ򶨣һ˲ţТڣв¡лӵĽȹТڣһῼµġ
ղٵˣֻｭݣûʱȴ
ûгҩղ鷳һˣ¿Ʋסһﲻɣ
ղֱ˹ȥӶ£˳ôƬݺղһ
ӵ̵ģ˵ǳЩԸһݰղû⡣
ղ=Ƚ
ղһŽ
ղָӣҩ
һǿ׳ձľӿ϶򲻹
ô죿
̨һֱƵ˴ߣҲû·ˡ
Һãȥ̻Ӿ
ӽ̨ǰһӣʿӴ򿪴һԾ

106 Ӻз

, ɳޡ
ܸ죬ͻȻսϷһɫ
ܸվǰ̽ӷεټ, Ǹȥ
˵С, ܸ˫, ȥ׷ǰĴ󴬡
ཫС, ں棬ܸһ𻮴
Ȼ֪֮, Сǰ, ڽħתȦȦ
ܸƬ, ˵һ˾Ϳˣܷܵ֡
Ҳ̫ż, ܸͦ׵ģôԼϹתȦԼﵹæң˫Բ𡣡
ܸ˵ûô, ȾȳӹҾͽ̲ܻܵ
, ಻ѹ, , л֡
С׷ϴ, ˵, Ȼ̽˵ǰݺͽݽ֮εĴսԼս
Ǻ֣ѾͣģСŵ֪ڳЩʲô
ͷһ˵ǿȥ½Ρ
ʻԼʮڿǰҴս¹ˮһСʻʿ飬˵ݴʷξŽ͵£ؽҹͶӴΪ
ܸӹ飬˵һ𷵻սӭˣǽ˵ĳ⡣
˵Ĵ󴬼ǰУĿʻεĴսУȻмϳ
ʿڴϣʵż;ͣСڽŵʲô飿
ʿˣɫף˵ͷ˵ˮ˸ǣˮԵĺõ͵͵Ǳˮףڴ϶϶ӣʵ˴Һǵ˼ʱ֣ˮˣЩˮ˲ֻʶӣ֪شŮԷЮŮ죬ŮңԸ²ɴӴ뽭ˮУ˴ŭɱˮ˺ȥѰңûҵ
úһۣץסʿȵŮ˭
ʿŵɪɪ֪˼Ů죬붼ɴ׵ñǲ֪˭˭
õļ٣εĴ֮ʵأ
ιأشޣϳܰǧˮ˸ˣûӽϴײ빫Էң뱻ͽЮ֣ʹӴˮˣ
װϻ߱Ŀȫǵʬ壬˵Ǿսˮˡ
ʵ˲ˮˣǸ𱣻ӹԷ֮ˣ̴֤ˣѳˮˣѱĹˮͷϡ
òţΪ˽ӣˮֻΪƣˮЮ֣϶ϷͽҪǮˣˮֹ֮¡ˮԲӾ϶ڵһѡ
ֻбƵûѡӲŻ
õĵһӦΰӲˣ˵ˣ㲻Ҫˣˣݳǵ黹ûˣѹǼ̡
Ӽû侲ӣһŽߵĳղһ߷ˣںδ˵
ղĽֱӴӼװײΧ۵ŶӴ
һܸû뵽Ÿ߹ʿ嶯׺ݣʱ֪ĺ
λæȥӣˣˣǲƭǵģ
಻ܣޣʼһϻûУ˦ӾǴ
žžž
κղ§һͼܱӣıӿ磬ܸﶼֻǼαӰ
ʮ޼գ֮ˡ
ձޣԸϵ۷ˣ¶һ׵ı޺ۡ
ƭҡû滰һһֱȥ
û뵽ˣˡ͡û·ˣܲ˵ԼͶȦףƵӹԾҧ˵¹عΣҲұϹǿȥѴÿһľ嶼ЪǷˡ
űֳ顣
˵ӾƵģ˵վա
δϲֶ㶮ңû˵Ѱ
òһųϺƵղ߹ȥǿֱˡ
ıӽ˵·ˣղۿӳһ鲼޷壬¶÷ղоˡɴ޴ʱ򣬱ӽɴͷķ϶ˣ¶Լ糤ĵڣµģʧȥ˷ϺɴʱӵѪ
ʣģ
ղܹ̿򣿻˵ֻǿ޽еҪˣҪң
Ϻǻڣ˵Ϊ˱ˮ˲ʱ˵ġ
ϸ緢ˮ˲õ׶ӳ֣㴬ϵĻǸʲôģǶû£Ψˣ
˵꣬ӣó齣ղѪͱ/ȥ

ղ˷˵ĺС
Ҫͱˣ˵ղסˣѾֶദɵ㣬ٸʵףסᱻ֣ǱѪһһʮࡣ
ղ޵û뵽ң֮ˮȥѰϰ߶ҹˣûҵˣʬ
û뵽ֻ롪
סղĲӣضĻ
ղǿõ֣õ־ǯһ㣬ղڣ޷ѣ˫ڼװڣֱ졣
Ҫ˹ȳӣһŲڼװϣá
ο޵ֶø簡һﳤģɱͬ壬ҪţӼģ٣кǰ;
òΪ
ֵӹӶɷͷͷй̣綼ģα֣СʹӦףſ
òš
ξĿŶ˫һͦʧˡ
÷֣νָΡ
û뵽ɱղҪæ˵ˣ壡ϵ峤׸磡ɱͬҪɱ޷񶫴󽫾ܷõĳڳܹӣͶȴҪɱǸӣʱ㸸
ܸһֱڽϣֳ棿һʱ֪Ǻá
Ҹӹֶαɣ๼
ղҲͰˣ蹫αϾǾݴʷͶϣˣŸʬ壬ν
ܸΪѣһŲΣֱĳȾһŶƵģζڼװϣá
ඨĿܸ֣ҳӣ
ܸһɱ̶ҲҶûС˵ҳӣ˵ö֮
ܸ°оҪΣô²ȵˣͻˡ
ζʱˡ
˵ұ㳢˼еʹղһһƾĹλ͵λ˳ᱻһȻˣǾ͡
ûӽεͷ­ѾղԱߡ
ղͬʱ
ʱصĴϵ˴˴صǴѪܵĳѪĽʲô׵ģ
صӽղͷҲˣ˵ͷ֯һ𣬴ɽᣬϣ׷İ񽢴ɱǧ񣬴һΪͽ޹ءɱղӣͷ­Ϊ֤ĿѾﵽҴ˴ݾڣλɢĪҪֽ֮أ
ŏ|ӦҪͷԼǧѵ꣡
кѣһһǸˬˣȡϵͷ趯ǴƵת£׼ӽ˶ŏ|ϵļװϡ
ŏ|õθͷֿ񶫴󽫾ܷѾˮڽڿ˹ͣݣֹ޷ٽһ
θӣúܷõıӡ
ˮοãҲοԼ˵ģֽӾȥʱˮԱһãһյġ
ðο࣬ҲԼϣ˵ȥ俴ˣԱǴûͷͷľͷż޵ĳУˮԸҲʱͷô¸ңһû£ǿҵ

107 ӳ

, 񶫴󽫾ܷó轭ݴӪľ·Լŵһҹ
Ψһջģ˵һͷǸľ̥ͷڳϰֵ, ߵˮ«
Ǹʹȵĳͷ, ˯, Ŀǰ, ͷĸϰ
ˮ«İ߷һЩӡͣ϶ɵԭ˺ɳȥϰսԲȷǲӵġ
ǣðķΧӰߵ˳ϰ½, ԭӵټ
öӵ˽, ϰ֮, Ϊ˶ε׷϶ڰͣ, һ·ϷȥֻҪĵ̣Ͱȫˡ
Ӵǿһǵģ
ҹ, Ȼӣ򿪵ͼ, ָ, λס, ۵, ҪθϢɢȥ
Ӿ֪Լ, ׽ˡ
ýͼƬҪ˷ͷȥңͼ˴ӪһϤˡĸײ硣
Ϣ𣿡ʡ
ָŰϵĳͷ˵ڰ߷ֵģεϰˣҲһֱûзκʬ壬ɼ֮ǣһҵġ
˵˵Сɱˡ
õҶ֣ҿΡ
ʱƣ롢ŭʹĵʧϣ֯Ƶߴͻǣ˵ɱúã۸Ůͳͳȥ
һ⻰ʱסˣĸף˵ʲô
Ҳһҹδ˯ҹϵΪѾȳӣȴû뵽ӱθƣϢȫޣˣʬϣļƻ֮Ҽ϶֮·ò׼ӵϣȴŮŪˡ
ǿȫȫβã뵽ĥѡﰲȫĵطȴһŮ̱ڵأſͷڴܹŵŮϢԲҵŮţһ֮ı
㱾辭һʹĥ㱾ҳӵճĵճŮѪͳޱȣƾĳʹڽϰȫ֮أŵԵĺ˼ңϳһ˳졣
üֱţĸףŮô˭
翴ᣬ㿸ǰеĿѺΣգûӣһٻˡӦˣΪʲôҴСҪ£Ҫֱ֧ʵʮô࣬ϿһֱΪʵϣвΪ㸶ľţһë
ͷץסõ֣ͬ񲣬ھݴʷŪˡȻڽݳϣҲŪˡΪʲô˵ҶԲΪʲô첻ͷң˺һһεģ
ǰûԼĶ䣬˺Ǿ䡰㿸ǰеĿѺΣաʱȥһĻĻ֣һȫָһԵࡣ
ڵòҲĸףСĸױ͢һ𣬾̥ƵӰ룬һ𳤴ʺ֣ʺļ٣ĸ˵ӺúõġǴӣ׽Ļ᣻ĸһһεΥΥһҪӲȢݵǰͻȻץס֡
ԭˣ
þ񱻳꣬ɲֱֿޣ˵һֱΪԼӸ̫ˣΧתģΪΪ˰飬һֱԼĸԶԶӶĸ
ΪԼΪһˣҪӡȢӣ۸ʲôӦõġ
ǣʵʵˣʵӡһֱӲĶƣΪеѣȻ󣬳Ϊӡ
̫ӣԻڣܭɥ֮ء
֮ңģɱأ˵һ㶼ţûӣһٻء
ԭҲػҵػ
ýرĸףԲҵĴûбŮҪϵٰѷǰʮЩεĴֻһжᷢĲãҲˣĸԭҡ
ôĸףһʱ޷ĿڣȻԼȻѲ統ĸס
ƽʱǸôǿĸ˰ܹǿĲѹĵزɼʱǶôʹ
ֺγأ
ĸͨʹҲͨͷʹޡ
ҲȻõӣʹ˹οӣĴ㵱ʱǸӤ쿪ǵˣΪǸŮӣǸСЩѾ䲻ϣ˭뵽ƫ;ĩ·ô࣬ƾȣǹһѵʲôүͷ͵תУ
ݽŮתôӴ˲õܵвΪ̫ӣӴŮɹ
ĥ֮󣬲缸ʵˣһһεĸһһεڽڹϴܣһӲʹ͸ãܺһţܺþȣ˵ͬŻ£ȵ۵ȴȥˣڴͻ֮ǰݱ
һԭ϶ɵϣֹžŰʮһѣΪԼˣǰȥͶȴû뵽Ǹ壬Ȩʴģȱ°ߣ㱻ȳɼ飬Ϊڱʵȴ
ӲˣʱҡˣҪɵġˣɵȴӡ
л㱣ſãӪ߳һֱߣһֱߣ̤ߵİɳһˮǰУ૵үµңŮԸ׼һУŮƽ㲻ǳͷ˺òãԩͷծҸɵģҵߣŮһһ
ߵʱóȥָΪӺ԰ĸˣȻϻӪʡ
ܸѰһȦˣʧǵӣǵģȥϢһᣬʱҲá
á˵ĸ·ʪˣͷһ·
߳Ӫʣܸԭأ˵ȳȥһ£Ҫӷ˻·
ܸ͵ܵܡҲˣΪʲôҪ㻻·
׶ӸأǼӷ˵ѵ׶ӻףԭʿɫҹªˣ
ܸƽʵӶըˡ
಻ܸͣǿƳӪʡ
ͷ·ܸ޴룬أʱǱһҶɴɴϴҵġ
ʮʿ˴ʩһ񣬡˵Ǿһ·Ѱ֮ضǼҴС㡣үƽϽǣԶǽСǡ
С㡱ܸˣֻиܲͣĴС㣿
ٿЩ˴ģ򣴨ϣԭʿ壬ʿǧС㣬ôܸĴͼʲôѽ
һͼĺÿ
ܸ˼ʱѾ绻·Ķŷɽ߳ȥ
һʮҲڵأ¼С㣡

108 ħ

ˬĺ, ҵӹǻȥ
Ҳ˵ƽϽǣĿǰԼҵĲ˽ͿʱļĴܵľʿػǳ, ɧ, к**ӻ, ǣƽϽ, һ, Сȥ, ǡ
ˣ, 󲿷ʿѡ϶, Ҳԭ, ü˽γһڴ⸴֮ա
һ, ҲȰȻȥ︸, , ѰҪֶĿ㹻, ƽϽʵףȥæｻҡ
ӵİΣ, ҲĸǶľ֧, 뵽춫ոװײ, ͱʯյĴΧȫݵĳ裬ʱҲ޲ȥǺͺ**Ӵһ̣ͷ˵ãӵϢҪʹȥǸҡ
˵߾ߣ֮ǰԴľܸ˵лİæԺҪͷְæѰӹҲʤм֮ǰʵݣʵΣŮͷ¶棬һЩ鷳ԸɴһֱװͲ͵ʾˡ
ֱܸڿʼⶳˣԭܡСӡǡݡ
ܸԽԽ£ԭʿ̫ˣҵĴС㲻ͼһȴһ޹ϵúõþֵܣһ·϶ɵϡ
˵һȢκĹԺͼӷ˵ۿҲݣҺñԶıãҴ˴κͱһ϶ɣΪ˻ӹ䲻ʧְͷֶ⣬Ѱع
˰ɣ㲻ýС㣬߹ﶼУǡ
żвȥͷۣܸͱۭ򵥵ңҲϴ
Ҫȥۭ˵һȥ˽أοкܶɢ£ЩǰǴսʿΪƻ϶ΪˣҺʹģ֯Ҳã߸˵ڿŻԺҲУ֮Ҫ䣬Ϊȥ۸Сҵˡ
ۭ뷨ĸơǴ˿̶ͶǶԹ⸴΢ϣҪٲһѣȥסһ
˸־֧ۭѡеĽҶӶ͸ۭҪڽ㣬Ǯ٣Щȥãбһūõԭǳµģʱ򽭱ǽϵһϡ
Ӱ֮ҵ¹϶ɣۭܹӶȴҲΪεͬ飬Ը
ۭûƴǣһϴǳΣĽκޱߣֻ˽Сľϣˡ
ڻعܸãӣܡһֱԭʿŮӣͷ¶浱󣿡
Դúܸܾ࣬ԼǸûʶС
˵ǣֻйһ˶ѡ
ôһ޶ˣȻͱˣܸԼ̫ˡ
ۭӶµļҾҲ˽ݣý䲻ľӶǰθ˰졣
ƽһۿĭɵĺӶȻͬĸĽ㣡
ָо֣ǰϲȴĪиС
ӶǸ񾭣Ȼõı仯˵ҲǴճĹݱ¶ҲһᱻЩҰļáӽԺ޺ӶǾ˵ǵʱѾˣҺŰȥȥҪܣҲţ׵Ҳܸߡ
Ӷ⼸ҲˣǰԳ嶯
õͷӦεĽѵʵӶ뱩¶ˣáʧ٣ұȥѰ޷ˡ
Ӷ磬˼죬Ů
ʱͱᱧϸѾһ࣬·ˣŮĺܺãֱ˰С棬ðװۣ·ҡҡλΣǿɰ
ˣ̱ڻӹСʱҲֿɰ
ڽ£ɱŵɢֳеСŲѽѽĽţ
ӶȰͶǷ˵Ķϱˣ߰סˣ˰أᶪġôСǸиģһֱãܷ׻
ӶʵҲżҲûãĲöƸСü߲ݵѰӣӶûǱˣǴ
µСܸͻͰһİСӻӶޣǴźӻȥҪ⹫й¶ȨʴģҲ˭ˣһײĵġһӵϢһȥǡ
һԲԶȥۣ˭뵽󣬾ȻһԻ޵ԹżõԲأ
Ū˰
˼ţǰ·һҵģ𶯴أý¶顣
һΪ׵λ𡰶ꡱɷһ֮£֮ϵļ޶ؼҡ
ط꣬ĺ޲תߣ͵û
粻һɷ򣬾ӵ
һʱҲ޷ܲĸӶӭȥվ·һݡ
һӣʹסõ֣󻹸С꣬ĵܵǡ
ǡЭݴ硣
ԵճӰֵ֣ȥݼĸףТҺǵĴں߱ġ
谮ãԶ֮ңҹõİΣȫȫβĻˣˣ˲ԽڣϲòˣӺǶˣֻһ
ÿĸףϻ˯ĻݵۣĻǻۣ˥ͳɵ֡
ЦΪܼɣƻ˵ˣû£·̻
סüѵĽгС簮練ϸһЩ׶ĺãȻ֪޿֣ʱΥ׵˼СԼ⣬˵һˣöȻ꣬Ѱף͵ڲϱŻȥˡ
ɫأΪʧְŪӹĴ˴Եʣæ˵ҪһжҵţңʹҲڣû˻׷ͷϡֻҪȫͺá
һ˵һƵĹ۲Ŷӵɫӻһüͷӣ˵ӹʹͻˡģûӹҲܵмŮ
סôϵ:˵ˣҷȢ
˵Ҳأ
ãһҵġ
¶֮ɫæ˵úúãģѰˡѽڶҸˣ·࣬ݵģȥúø㲹һ
һ·ϣ߶߶Ŷӵ꺮ů
ûû˵ǰãİãڳ֪ԼĺãͳĸŮģҶ˱һУĺøס
ԽĬħԽ£ΪӰʲô游ס͵͵ӼҵȵΪọ̈̄ҲˣȰȥĶȥˣڿʼϾļңһõطʧȥĶӽϵõǻõ࣬ҵĶӣΪΪδ

109 һ

λٿһ, ͷ飬ؼҺ׵˵Сչ飬ָһƬõǰ;˵, 㿴, ΪµĽɽ, ʲôܣ
Ǹжν֯һбӡ
ҹ, Էﾲ, , ˯𣿡
ɷԴӻ, ûкͬ, ޷ַ˯ʮ, ͬһ£˯ҸڵֵƵ, ŶҪš
˵Ͼ˯
, ϶õ, 粻, ɴ˵Ҫ˯
Բίľܾ, м仰Ҫ˵, ܿġ
粻, Ϩ򣬾ںڰ
˵ǰһˡ
粻
ֵǰֱҪҹڱίˡĬˣϤš
ɲ
ٵ·ϵ׷ʲô飿⺢Ҳˣһÿˣҹġ
ʵ̲סˣ˵ӸɫʲôԡǸϣĶӡ
ϰ˶ӱ˳£Ĺ棬ﲻһԸڵýšģҾˡ
ЦҶˡҲˣ˭ȱ۵Ļϲء
˵Ҿòԭһģ⿪Ľᡣκ˾ҵĴγҲʮ£Ŷֲǹ񡣡
ÿˣȴ֮ƣˮʺϸոԣºͣΪϷ۾Ļζ𣬸ϳ̫ǿˣδ޿ܣдΪ嵭İˡ
˵һ˼ң£һҹû˯ҺˣԱ㡣
ż˵ãĸӶ׵ſĸװѸ׹⡣
ͷڼ÷ִ磬ѿţɷ
ңǲ˽֮ˣϴ˵ɣš
һ˷ӵı仯ϲĩȴ緢΢
սһԭڶ޻ţܾ˵
һɷ򣬿϶ᲪȻŭʮദѾϰˡ
ЩϲζˣϤζϤš
ԣҲصǰġĸܾ·̫¡
Ȼʲôû˵ǵõĻش𣬴򣬻صԼЪ¡
Ѱӣӳϰʼһ·ԽԽϡ
ͬʱðۭڽǾӺ׳ӣЩ޷ģȴΪһʳգΣյˣۭЩˣͣǲ͵ũʱֵأʱۭҲڽ͵͵òŮӡ
úۭһһһֱѰҹӵϢŮܶ࣬ӡ
ϣʧϣʧ
һۭڽΪ֮һΪ˧ۭҲһȢӣͥҵ
ڸ£Ϊҵʿ幫ӣܽ˾ʶΪ˾ܵ١
ý˹ְȴЧµھӿΪڽϸؽ⣬ʳ۸ʱǼƿۣͬʱڽҵп˺üǺ꣬ζǵһģһ
ģִУҲǺꡣԭ϶ɽϣԶսԺ겻ⶼҲһЩԵΪʳĽ˳ʡ
ıõġרӵġվ
Ǻı־ǸˣϹһȦпյĺȿЦĺ
ÿеǺſڶһ׺ĺĿϵ»үүһͳһġ
ֻ֪ⱳĹ£ʮ꣬Цøճ¯ͷмĲֱ̫࣬飬׻ƵĹĲϡ
Ʋ⣬Ӻܿ;бɣһֱֻҪǺ꣬˵ֵĲ׺ƣ϶뵽
¸Ҵȥġ
ǣϸеİǷ֣һҹ֮䣬ֵĽжһǺ꣬һҹ֮䣬ɳСԺͻ˼׷һ
һͷһƣһĻӣ䷽һıţǺԼţɫúϲĿζ
ǸУǺıζһģһģ۸Ҳˡ
ֻǱ꣬ⶼҪܴıǮţ裬ڽֹɱţĽϣⶫѸ㵽֡
ֳħ׵˵ǮҲʸʲôֱӰѶӴ˽Ҫã֮䣬ûˡ
ǮҰοһŮ
ũ彼ڳУԳõĶĿţűֵ̿һҵӵġ
һæµйȥˣʮꡣ
ϴůʱλԱǣĴ٣ѩոһ룬Щѡ
򣴨صĳǳأʱŽԴŽգԴ⣬оٳ£ѾΧǰˡ
ºͳŮϳǽͷһ֧ȥͷļϰš
ҪżҡͷÿˣضнġǲͶ
໹Ǵżͷޡһ¿ˮȻżŻȥԭ·سµĵӪ
±ŮЦˣѽƢ
ʲô˰Χǣ
˵ˣǺūӣԼ˸ɵģ˴ԼɱԼ˵Ĵͳ
Ϊʲô򣴨ҪԼ˰Χ
˵
˵֮򣴨Ϸ˾Ϊ̫ӣǡ
˾㵱̫ӣһȺҰļҵ£ȥ˳ƵۣĹΪˣΪ˵ۡ
ҲͬڳΪһµܶǺΧûտػ·ҲûУȥʲôأ
³һ
ǣ򲻹ܵݣϢս١
ҿȰ˾뵱ʵۣҪȥԭĸ̫ӱȳƵΪͳ
ûð취Ҿɵ˾ȥʵۣ˼ǣͣҵʵڰʣֻǰѽ˵۵ϵˡ
˵˾Ƶ֮󣬲ҵΪҪУĸ⢣ϣֽ⢣ȥǡ
´ŭʵǸİɶɶУѧ˾ڧԼɱԼС
²óǣ⢾϶һһ𹥴ǣǿжǡ
˵ףʵΪʵ˺ģõ׵ҳϣ򣴨ҪѰˡ
ָ֪дˣһֱȥϡ
дˣû£ֻ˽¡˵󽫾ܷþھݣǵھӣҺܷóܸ죬Ϊ֮ƣҴͻΧȥܷýԽ֮Χ

110 һս

ŸƽϽ, ܸŸ񶫽ܷؾݣھӣЧȨ˵˾ͽ˾
ܸǽǱߵ, Ҳƫϵ, ˾Ҳʱʱһ֦, ʾҼҴų򿪣㡣
ȥԭĴ̨, һ, ̨ۭʯ𣬻̫˾ɱ̨̨Ҳ̱
ֵֿʱ˽·ūˣͬ, һ˾һµûѧĳ˾ҵΪ̨̫, Ю̫Ҳκһ̨ƳʼնڼΪ, Ϊ⸴ս
ԣȥǻĽ˵ԼԳΪȻϵĽĿǰΨҴߡ˵Ѫͳǿ󣬸ơ
Ϊ, ²ƾϲѡ̨, ҪҪǸ, ѮҺܼЧҲ̨ͬ, ȥܼҽҾҪдţʾҴӴͶˣܼҲԵ޹ʽġ
νдд£Ƚȼü֮˵ʵҪǣѵǾ͸ûڳСĻʵۣЧ
ʵһȽ˵ۺ𣿡
˾ҪѪͳ⣬
෴ʸף𣿷¡
֪ģ˵ɶɶµ˵
ʵϣƿؽϵʵ¹϶֮ʿûʿ̧ӣ˭֪
ԣ˵Ͷ˵Ͷȥˡ
ܱ˾ҵҪһЩ¾Ľ˵ۣİǣ˶ҵǣԺҲˣɡ
ָΧǵĴܸľޣʮ˶ѣҪʮͻ˵Χ̫ˡ
˵ŮǧգŮһʱŮʮ꣬Ϊľǽȼˮ𡣡
ŮܴµȻ֪ǴޱȣŮ
īֽ⣬׿дŰɣˣҽ°ҹʱͻΧ
°ҹʮӳǡ
ȥʮԸСǴصҲǵļţûк֮ǡ
֮ǰϿʼˣ˴꣬һߵƣһ߹ʿܹڸǵʹùʧȥ׼ͷͻΧǰ
ٱ׳оơ
ҪˣָŮͷΪ
һɣŮȥȥҹһҹԺ㴻ѿͳˣһժԡ
ŻǺϵĵŷˣʮŸ̤ţһذ/ףֱ/Ӫ
ҹߣ˺ڰˮΪϣһֱȥ
ǰҶм䣬ͣڳɱе£ɵԽԽԽԽ̡
ûһ룬ߵˣȥλսʼûмٶȣϧκδ۶ҪͻΧ
ģ˶ڻ·ˣֻʣһˡ
Χȳһѷ˹ĵо಻ŲæһųɱһѪ·ɱˣɱ
Ҳ֪ɱ˶ã첲ЩҲȳˣս˰£͵һվ˲佫һ壬һԾڿյͬʱ󱳵ķɽӭҪ̤ĵоնף׼ϣһƽͷʬƵڵأǰС
Ծɱˡһǳɣͬȣÿɾ䣬ͷһѸ٣һͻƷߡ
׷
ཫϣʱСٶȿ죬ܶʸĹ
꣬ʪ̱̣û׼ͷһ֧֧ʸȣȴû˵
¿̫Ӵˣʹ֮£㣬ͼϵļ˦ϵƲû˦ȥ˦ȥˡ
ҺŴ꣬ˤŢĵϻˤͷ๾˼ײһͣҿ֫ӰͣȻײˡ
һޣ۵õһȴȥˣǺܡ
о׷ᣬ׷ɴ౧ϣȶԷ׷һֱһ߷ƥܡ
̫ˣ˵ڶƥ󣬼ǰһ֪ǰ׷ҪΧϵĳͶȥ
ȴÿˣìԷս
һ죬ìͳìཻл򣬱ųһ⡣
˲䣬˫˶Էò
ã

û˵ǰһϵˣΪ׵ľȻǾݴʷܷõĳܸ
ܸߣϺ󣡡
һǣһֱֱܸһǰǱΧͨжϣһֱûյţ˴ϢʱܸҴҵլ˵˵ҪҳǣҲߣ˵۾Ҫ⢺Ͷǿǡ
õ¼λڽҵػϰ
ܸ˵ҵֻӽİţֳܲǱ߻ʵ۵飬µʮޣȲ˹ҵԮ
˵ѣԹۣ
ѾǹȥҪɫˣǮҲˣǽʵȨˣҲ峤ռǧ˽
˼Ƕӿɫҷˣһֱɫ޲Ӧ
ѲΪɣҪپ͸ܸɽͣǣҹ꣬ǰ̸֮ϵֻҹ缱޷ȼѣþͺײ
ҿ˳ͬһʦţ൱һν־Ϳ˶Է˭
Ѻ󷽽úܸݷȥ
úܸսˣ˾ݾڣڰ׷
һ඼ˮϴɾˣʪ͸
ÿһ¶ߴߴսѥǲһֻ
һʯͷϣѥӣѥͲˮ
ڿӶʪģ˵˽Ű壬ѥʱӱקѥѾӣʪѥҳšɣڽϼ
ܸŽѾʱ;ˣϸµĽǰֱΣܸæתӡ
˾ռˣҲʪ͸ѥҲȫˮԳַȣϵѥˮšֶǾԸɲġ
·ˮѥӻ֨֨죬һֱԭվŲⷢε졣
ܸԶҼҵıԺȥһ·С
˵ãż㸸ס
˵¹ڲɾ⡣˼˵ģǿһȽϺá
ִ·
ܸȥԺ͸һ·ûŮ˵·ҵġûдȫµģȥ
໻£վӣӴͦʣ
棬ݼݴʷܷãݺ⣬ϸµ飬ʷˣƽϽ³ŮࡣǱԮ
ܷţУ㡭³Ůȷǳӣ
ͷٰܸмӶʶҡ
ǻʵ۲̫༱ܸæ˵ףģΣڵϦ׿

111 ȼķ

ظ֤, һԻ֤ܷòܲӣµ飬ͷдţǺ;ھ, ݺ, 񶫽, ½ʹ󽫾ѪΪˣԺǺ;֦ͬ, Ϊ, ϡ
ίıͶ˼
££򣴨壬һһ͵սҪء
ܷõ
ϲղʹ, ǰ·üܷó, ֪ǱסˣС
֪һֱѰӣͷ, ȥκϢ̸ҡȽ֮ΧҺ͸׿϶ȥҵ, ʱҺһҡ
Ͷ, ȫҲҪǨҵȥ
õͷ, , ˵ĸȥ겥ֵ곤ò񴺿ˣֻǽõꡣ
δϣҼҰᵽҵȥڼŻؼţڼҲܳԵ档
Ƿ𣬳˻һ꾭ʧٺ˫ĥһ˿ѹʮ꣬ľȴƲˣЦݣһεעķһͻΧȸ䶯ݳǣǳͳ漣á
úЦݣãĸи԰ȫǿּҵֳģѡ
õļ򣬡ͰӻȢ
׷ܷܸӡ
ܷǰСʶӣҴСôô죿
ܸ˵ǵȥһԱĲ𣿡
ܷãǲ̫ˣʱעϡþ㶼ܵһƼˣ˶Ϊġ
ܸ;ҴС㡣
ܷòѽҴŮӾǲһһɱΧȱҴСӴҪˡ
ܸԾй⣬ǵģСڲͬҺӸȥӦʱѾƾԼʵɱΧˡһ֮ȫǺȫ壬ǸӢۡ
ܷѶӣŮӵĹҽУ˵ǽûġ
ܸ˵ǹҪôġ
ܷһϵܺã
ܸǵȻ
ܷʣã˭Ĺϵã
ܸͷȻá
ܷŶһû˵
ܸ׵һŶģŽ͵ǴСһʦϰ䣬һ𳤴һ϶ɣ빲ǵĵĹϵȻá
ܷã÷ŵԵ˼ˡ
һ仰ĺòã
ܸ׵˵պϹˣܸüʣ֣ҿɫãʱʱˣˣ˾ȥЪһЪ
ܸԼת磬ûУҾôѵ⢺Ͷĸܡ
һӣһȺں֮ڣһǾݴϵ񶫴󽫾ˣôġ
Ϣ˴󽫾ܷƨҴСԼ´ܷúãܴܸϵΪ֪Ů
ɽ·ǣԻˣʱʱץһܸϸʣˣ
ײˣʱõģЩۡ
ܸæҪȥš
ಢǿ£һᣬܸϸҩڻڷҼ
ϴ䷽ܹõġ
лӹҩ
ܷüһҩһˮһͳʳ죬æµþһֻС۷䣬ָź˵Ƕڿϣ۹á
źܼŵ̫ͣ䲻򣴨ʿ壬οһսֶʿŮӡ
ͬʱ˳Ͻˮһ·ϣ˿Ǯأˮ볤Ⱦݸ
ǮصѾɢȥ
Ϊ˿иط
Ϊ󲿷ֶǴѹⲿˣ̣ţ¿ȱȽżҵУӶ˱ڱԼЩɽ֮󣬾ڸĵ˿
ŴʶŨȻ϶ˣЩԭΪ漮ӽ£ȻҪԼļᣬԣԼȾ֮ȡ˼ƣǮأ
Ϊ˰Щ񣬱ȶרĵطݡȿءǱԭԸǽ
⣬䲼ˡȼķݷɹ涨϶ɵϵԭĻֻǰһ֣ԭ
Ҫǣ⽻˰ۣ
ζʲôֵػ˰
ҲΪʼҸƽ칬ȵͶۡ
ֻҪۡ
ġȼķһ䲼˴Ǯԭܵ˽ϣΪ˰۵ŻߣЩδݵֵ֮ԭ˷׷϶ɵ˽ϡ
£Ͼһ޴Ѫѽԭ˲ţƸȵȫ˽ϣƬԭΪ֮صأѪġȼķѸٷչˡ
ǮصôطǰֻǸС壬ǵԭ˵ķӺأ˶ˣнкͼУͨǰһģһ
ĽУһŮΣεһƬ֣ƹƹҵû
ûöκθ
һ߽·ҳҲֹĲ
ڣи̣һ̻¶Ҹ첲һµûƬ
ˣ
ģƺеĴӸסˣƵʺʹƬٶһģһ
ԽԽ죬ҲԽԽȣֱ˺ܺÿ˵ʼĶô
˭ʡ
ֻǴһģ񴷵
㵽˭
Ϊʲôǳҵ
˵
š
лӦˡ
Ȼģܹ
㲻Ҫ˭˭ȥ˵
ҡסˣ˺ܾãҲûĴ𰸡
Ҳ֪Ҽǲˡ˵˭Ϊʲôǳҵңһ˭
𣬼ӡ
˭
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Ů, ﻹҩ֭Ŀζ, ߰һ, ׻һҩ
ͷ۲, ʹ, ĸҹ˴, ιҩڵ°ҹ, ͷ۽ǿߡ
ʱ, ξǴ, ֻһӰ
ô
, ʪ, Ϳʼ
ÿʱͻͷ, ֱǸ
Ѿ쵽ˣŮЩѾȥȥˣź, Լ´Ь, Ŵվ˲䣬ת, ӺԿ, ɵȥ
Ѿϰʹ, ı۾, ˶, ºԿǻͣûôˣ۾ױ̨ǰھϵĲ
ӻҳڱ¶ڿʱһͲˣͭڲõʱһ㶼Ų
ͭĥģֳŮӽա
˿ѾůˣһЩĹѾ¼£ϵ£¶ģŮͷۣǴż޵ȹͨͷһһ˫٣˫ȴԼ뷨ҷҪôԳƣҪô纲͡
ͨķʽ㲻ŮɴͷһͷԺ˸ᣬҲڲͷ
ͷŮ߳ţڽ̸
ΪΪǼ¡
ŮŵߵſڼнǣһӣŸĸýŵĶԻ
˵򲻿ɣֻаƼһŮﴫһٶߵղ
жϾһҪ׸ŮŵģµĺҲգԴϳ¼ҵ˵ˣǲŮֻʵֵŮ
ĸ˵ǴŮʮ꿪ʼˣд㣬ߵնˣ⼼ǴвŮģ¹޸ˣѼŪȥ̻żҶҡŮѾѧɼգˣϳ¼ҰĶûˣʹá
ýȰǮǮصĴ˼ңǳ¼ҵߵС˼ǮҸῴС̷Ǯұǿϵģ˭ǼŮĺãòڣǮҶӿأý˹˵͡
ĸ״ϵ²ּۻۣʲôȱһ£ѹۡСС½ǣϳ¼Сƹʹõߵңϳ¼ҲŲ֮أǮʲô⣬ǮҲǸýҲԭģΪ˼лýǮԼԸ
ýȰĸȥˣųе𣿼ˣϴأ
ѾӦһӷŮæطװû
ƼˣҲ׸ŮȥŸĸѵ˿Ǯأ˵·ˣˤһӣͷ󲻼ǵԼ˭ĸʶˡ
֮󣬴Ӵ²ÿ꽫֮ʱͷۣÿη֮鶼䣬ƫƫϴˮ࣬һֱ鲻ãԻȫûȤ
Ѿ䣬ĸż׸Ůϳ¼ҵ𣬿֦ɢҶǧ񵽽ϣΪľǱסϳ¼ҵĴС£ĸ֮ý֮ԣƼ飬ǽ᲻飬˭飬
Ѿߴӳһˮˮأ֮⣬ýֻøǣλһ£ǮĳȢ
ýųţЬˡ
¸˵ýԺˣϳ¼ҵĵءϳ¼Ҵһգ˵ϾͶϣкĿϳ¼ҵǣ˵Ҫ׸ҪѰƷж׵ŮҲǴ磬Ҫ˵ҪȢϱ˼ңǽϱ˼ң
ĸ裬ˣˡýžֻҪϸǮҲ˵ɡǼδŮÿýѰã˺
¸˵ҿϣãԼģۼõ䡣
ĸ˵ЩСӴֲʶײǼдİƼƲϡ
¸˵б£ῴдֵ˭ᵱŮ
ĸ˵ԭӵϵѹӣҲƱˣϦ춼УΪƣԸ⵱ŮҪģѾһ
ĸԳ¸ʹ˸ɫ϶һǼߵҪ̳УɲҸܼӣԺǽ
Ϊ¼ҵҵ¸ˣȥ˽ߵѾ߰ҩ˵˳С㷿䡣
ĸӹҩյŶ룬Ůױ̨ǰˣͷ۲ۣҩˡ
ЩˡƼҩĸڵʣʲôҪѾȥ
Ƽҡͷ֪ΪΣĸ׿ôİЩִС
ԡƼģɴòס˾棬Ƶģȥȥһߡ
ĸ˵ͷˡ
֪ҪҲͷۡƼ˵Ҵľ죬ٳһɡµġ
ĸŮˣϾϳ¼ΨһĸݸǮ·Եľ򣬲Ҫ̫Զһ䣬磬ģͷЩ˺ܻģ˿Ҫ۸ˡ
Ƽ˵Ѿѧ˻ˣû˺ҡ
ĸɫһЦŮڷܺѧִѼ⽻㣬ض˿㡣
ƼҪţĸŮĴ磬ʵոĽΪβãǴ˼ң·ҲǱǮı֣ͷϾ͹һ´òⷬסҸͷ
Ƽ˵ͷĸˡͷۣܲ÷磬ͷͦá
Ƽüѹ֣ҲƵĳţһɡźľ죬ͷľʯ·Ͽ졣
ԭľǷŮģŮ˴Բͷľ죬Ƿͷľ죬ǴȨĻʺϷִʱΪֻȨ⴩ͷľߣΪֺüֻʺ󣬷׷Ч£ӹﴫ䣬϶£ΪУһʱŮӶԴͷľΪ١
ֻɷиԶ˾ͲˣĿĽ˻зŮԲȥ϶ɣһܵ˿һֱԭΪ٣˻ʳסҲʾ½°յĲͬҲֻͨЩϸԼʧȥ԰Ǩ㵽Ĵġ
ͷŮǴĴ඼Ƿͷľ죬ĻҲ˼̻𣬰Ƽüͷչ
֣ڼĪѹ֣ÿоƼȴĪİȫкϤУоҩãÿܷʱ򣬰ƼϽһߡ
ţƼţǴ򿪵ģϲŻϣһϷ֮Ĵţէͱ֮ҵӺͷԶԶںϡ
ñսթԺͲ飬ǵǮ
˾ƾ䲼ġȼķý˰÷ۣɱͣ˲ٱ˵ͷ룬һԭ֮Ʋ֮صĸ߸֮У£Ʋ𱾵ˣᡣ
ƼǸŮӣԳʱٿԽţһֱ
ԣƼתߡ
һϷ紵Юʪˮʳ˰ƼıǼ⡣
㣡
ƼﱾܵӿһɳʪʿˮٴתɡѰȥͷľš
ʮӣƼҵԴͷһҸոտŵӣǺ̡
ոճ¯㣬˺öʳŶӹ
Ƽſи̬ľͷˣľͷ˲һпյĺ
ƼĪУȥľͷˡ
ﲻҪͷĻ˵̫ˣδɡ

113 ߵ

ӿ˿˵ؽ, ĻȴԭǱߵĿ, ӱ˵һЩ, Щ, ʹϱߵ˶ö
Ƽ, ĿȴһֱڲӹҺľͷϡ
ֵ, Ҫʲôıֱͨĺ, ţԼţ
Ƽԥѡ
Ƽҧһ, Ϥζɢ, ִɡ, ź, ߱߳ԣ¿ľ춼ӯƵġ
ҩ, һ¶ǣƼͷˣҲĪ˳, ȥ˽¼ҵߵ
ߵ, ˼壬ǡסƬĶ, ʵߵ
Ƭ, ܵĩһƬԲεĻƬסƬмĶΪƬǲ״, ̳ݶڷ, ĩ, ƬпճÿƬһʵԲθסԽߵ
¼ʱߵ괫УվƹߵȻⶫǻʼõģ󲿷ֶǺƬһûԲߵ
һ˵ǴС״±һĻƬ
ƼǸТ˳ĹӴ¿Ǻ㣬һģһ׳һ
¸̽㡭ζˣ
˳ڣӦþζƼֽɡľ죬ȥ䡣
ڰ棬̵ҿϵʪ鲼ʹౣʪһߵӡϻƵģߡ
ߵһӡƺƣһƣƼ̵ơ
ǽȫǸѾƳ͵ߵֱ飬Цݡ¶ࡢº͵ЦݡдЦȵȣʵڻƷϵĳдƴֿʵÿ鶼Ѱζ
ǰƼߵտʼʱ򣬰ƼֻΪʱڵǲײӣ˸ĸ̵ĵ࣬ģӡģѵ¶ȵȵߵ֮ĸ½ߵȤ͵һЩߵֶѡ
˭֪п˿˶һĵߵȤ
֮أԭǶҪӣשͷƬߵȽϳ˱Ʒ¼ҵһֱܺá
ʧȥ԰ͺܶ˵ԭѹؽһ¼ңǶԡˡӣһߵõϲ¼ҵȻʱҪˡ
Ҳǳ¸ĸҪŮ׸ԭŮƾ¼̳мҵǳ뷹ġ
ĸôģôһ˷ḻ
Ƽ˵ſžͿ̳ˣʵǰվεǸģ׿ġ
ΪǸӣƼܲ˵ﰡҾεһ˰ɣԣƼѡ
еĿģܡı仯Ƶģʱһ黭Ȼģϣһ±ϣٷŽƳͣΪһߵ
ƼֻҪпգͷˣͻµߵ
̵ǷŭǽŭĿӼҪۿ͹ϡǵˣһߴһ߲ͣ˭
˭ǳ¼ߵٵҳƼ˭ΪʲôһֱҵΣ
ƼóǩСС̵һĿ͹ӣֻҪ̵㹻ϸ̳ߵ㹻Ķ࣬ƴӵ
һʶ
ƼĵҪȻҲһδε
ΪһδûжŮӣƼ˼ʸĸҲûоˣƺѾ߶Ƹ߻Ǯģܴӱ֪ԼĹȥ
ĸ˵е˺ͻҪô֮ǰǲɢˣҪô·ϣһڣû˻
ѵ˽°Ľɣսɢǣ
ˣĸһ㶼ᣬΨһĿܣҺ˽ûи߸ĸ
ԭ򣬺ܿǸĸֻһŮҪ׸Է岻ΪŮ
Ƽе˼Ͳ²ⶼһߵϡ˹ȥ飬տʼĸʶοأ
ǰƼֲľججĹӣ׸һŵɷºߵߵظ汲ӡ
ӰȣǰƼϲΪÿʼûйУĲģСٶңȴһĸϿɵ׸š
뵽Ƽ޶˷ŭˣСʧָ֣
ʮָģʹѹ¿̵ָͿҩ
ָ̯ʮָͷȻûиָõģ¾ɾɣСС˿ڣǳʹÿ̵ɵġ
ʱ֮ƼӴһǿȥһҵСں͸˵
˾ǽýſеǮӡ
ǮģǰƼϲ˫ǲŹӵ۾һεĺɫ֮ࡣ
ֱԶ벻еߵġ
ǮԳ¸˵ԼµڣǮҲˣϰѰ
¸ɽؽСһɽ¾Ǻȡˮ㣬ƬҲ㣬϶ˮ·ˮ·ٵʱ˳С
ʺ࣬ϸ壬ƳɫƯɫʮۡ
¸ɫܣǩʮĵ
¸ģ˸ִ㣬ҿõزףһ֣ʮꡣ
ýףϰܾˡǮС¥ƳһۣƼæɪȥʵˡ
¸˵ֻһŮҪ̳мҵŮ
ǮָԼǼҵŮ
¸æ˵Ǵ˼ҵĳŲԣǸʲ𡣡
ǮЦϰ˼û̸ˣ
¸˵ָֻŮĻ£Ȼǲõġ̸أǿ̸һ̸
Ǯ˵̸ˣµһ꣬ǱߡĻǿŸҡ

114 ʻӯ

¸ʧȥ, һ, ߵĽѰѼҵ׶ҽȥ, ҪܻرͶ޴, ʧأ
¸ǸˣԲ֮, ЦӼȻˣȱߣʲôġ
Ǯư, Ҫߡ
¸ǰ, Ůһֺò裬Ӳһ
ǮüЦ, ȻҪȥһġ
İƼˣһ̾Ϣ
ϱϲֻвҶ, ˵Ĳһζȫʮؿζ
˲裬ţ, , Ҷ, ۵ȵȣȥһɫĲ
뵽ǮĿ⣬ƼԼĲ裬ƵļһΡ
J㡣
ƼŲݣ͡
ǮӵĿ۷俴Ƶģ
ǮǮصһ壬ڳ٣һƬԲĶɽضǮҵġ
ȥǮɷʱ򣬴ϳ¼ߵʱƼתĸѼ⽻Ҫ˱ȥǮˡ
ƼȥǮң̴žž죬Ҳ˵˳ǽ֮غĴ£ǮӶһ飬ȥɧ·
ƼѰŮŭţĿˣôֱȥǮŵö׵رͷ˵ãͨԣһ󸩳ڿգһͷųķƵģǮͷɹȥˡ
ǮӺƣʱͱ۷ˣƼһƥѱıһ޶ضҪõѱУѾǵŮ֮Լ**
ڣͷϷɹŮΪϴ裬ʹ̣Ѻ֮ȫˣһζʣ
ȵĲǲ裬ϲƷΪԼͷС
¸Ǯӣ˻óʮϣ˵ӣǵԼһ긶һһ𣬻ЦɣƼ͹ȥ
ƼдȻһкӡںǮӰϣ빫Ӱӡ
ǮӲǮعͷƳһۣСдƯɷ̽ң
Ƽͷ޲ðӡǮһ
¸ȴͷҡҡͷҪͣҪǮӰ˵¼Ҹ;ʧҲȥŸǮֵͷߣֺ޸ǲ
Ƽֻͣ˵Ȱӡˡ
ǮӻӲãأ
ƼһץǮӵ֣ӡһģȻһϣ˸ָӡ
ǮӹͷˣƾƼڲ
Ƽݸףˡ
¸õЦúϲ£죬ˬ죬Сªûʲôþƣ빫ӽǺһ
ⳡϣԽܶ飬ƺȵλˣ̸ɡ
ǮָŰƼСһȥ
ƼҪܾ¸æ˵Ȼˣߵ⽫ҪǻаԼҪþõĲźáҪǮչС⡣
Ƽ²ˬĬĬ£ҲͰˣҪƣˡ
¸ⷿȰǮǵٵģ˾Ǳȵٵİһͷٵռʲôίܲˣ㽫ôάּߵ⣿ͼʣֵϵıˣ㲻Ҫ˺ȷһ󣬵˸ʵģͰ׵Ժˡ
һһǶãƼڸ׵棬㷢˫ȭգסԼҽͲȥǮռ˾ֵأҪƣջ֪Ҫʲôأװ׵⣬ΪηҪЩ£
¸һ죬ߴ粽룬ġ
Ƽ˵ҴˣǮӼͶ£ֻϱûţýţ˵Ȣʵ檣ƭġһƵˣʹߣҲ֮¡״˾٣뻢ıƤûʲôý
¸ûϵŮ׼Ǯӵĵϸ˻棿
Ƽ˵ʹǮǮýģԷļҵ½ңţֻ֧ѣǮҿ½СϣʸҵȨ󡣡
¸һ֪ˣȻؼȥҾ˵岻ʣơ
ƼǱףɡߡ
¸ȥӦǮӣ̹һЦСŮͷۣƣҺͶӽȥ
ǮӵǮϰӲţ˽ֶǰɣ
¸˵ҲҡʵĵǮˣҲǩֻѺˣٷھ˵ȥˡ
ǮЦָų¸Щԭ˽ƻĺܣصķ˲缦οֵͼˡ벻ͨӹ׵ˣóŮ
ǮӰѸոյžž£ڰϣҲҪˡ
¸ʹãµ˻ȥĵдˡ
ֹӡǮóһֽǿ¸СԲʮĵӴԺؾǳϰˣøǮӣǳ¼ҿһߵ
¸һȻ̿Ҫ֣֮ʱǮգŮع㣬Сҡ
¸ѵһ˦ϳ¼װ׵˼ңŮΪū
ǮӼͷĸңΪյĴ𣿽յķкܶ࣬αִиŮϰҲʮ꣬һӱǣӲĳ¼֡
¸˵Ѿˡ
ǮЦȥϰһ檣ӣߣȥĸӣϰﲻģһΪϳ¼ҵŮӳ綼Ǳ˼ҵˣסġ
檣Ů˵ӹ檣ŮȻǱ˵šҪŮһӳԴǵֻǡ⡱ŶѣŮ˶ӣ⺢ӺûϵŮ˻صɷߣȴһˡ
檵ϱУĸԸɷ檺õìܣһá
¸۹˸ûͬ⣬ҲûֱԾܾ
ǮӼϷɿ˵Ůͷ¶鷳ģ㿴ͱ˺ȱƶĵģСвŻòдúÿߵҲյƯʲôأ⣬ϲˣô̸
¸ڱ粵ǮӴϵϰҸ׸ţӴŮڣ׸Ӧ𣿡
ǮȡЦǸûҰģڿʵͷмǮˣ֪ʲôŮˣıҲϳ¼ҵߵ⣬֪ʲôء
Ǯ˵˳¸˼
¼ұһ˫Ůϧ϶ʱˣǿƴݣˣŮ֡
˵꣬ƼΣ¼ӵ˿ǮأҵȴбǮͷ߸סˣҪŮӣͰѳ¼Ԩ
ǮӰѵ¸ֵһǧŮ´ࡣѾͷһլӣūʲôĶȫˣԭˣʳͬģСסȥ͸ûôźȵͷ¶̻Ůǿˡ
¸ȫǡŮҷˡ
ǮЦСһаŮһ뷨ӰӵǮȥңҲͱͷ˰ضѡϰԺҰţû˸۸ǣϳ¼ҵߵضϡضǼҵģÿʡʮӵ𣬸ݡȼķֲý˰ƹ꣬ǳ¼ҾҪˣʱ檸ӣϰҪʲôûУ
ȻˣϰҲѡܾµװߵߣҾǿ
ϰΣ
˵һͷƼľ죬ɡسǣߵ·ͣˣ̫Ʋų
Ƽɡ۾⡣
ߵǮϣϹٵѹѹΧźöˣеϼȫŮӣŮǸʻǱʹŸ߸ߵľ죬ʱƵƵż⣬ˮ㿴Źٵ
ƼΧۣһŻһɡ
ƼЦҡͷָͷϵͷҲʻ
ƼǴõĴ磬һƶϴͷϾס٣һζûС
˵Ǯ۳ĺʱڲ˸żöʿĹӻżϾۻᣬǮ̸ʫĻѣӳ֮ҪϲĹͶʻʱ˼ҵĹʻôţϲĹʻ복˲˸żûӣʲô̸ʲôʫʻ̫٣ơ
϶ϲĳӰɣͶʻʲôϲҲܰ/ΰ
ŰѰƼ˵һһ㶵ģĸУ򶼲ˡ
ƼԹԸǮһ¼

115 

Ƽһ¼, ϵĴ, ʻƽļ, Ƽ¼ͨ˼ΧԺʵٻ䣬Ϊۡ
վΧ, ǰĺλѾˣȥ
ˣ󷽻вŮѶ׼, ʻǮһĵûǮĴþͲһ·ߵҰйһƵͲ˻
Ҳԣ
Ƽǿ, ǰ, Ƽһƣǰ, е¼ѹǰĺϡ
ﰮѾᱡĵ£ʢװ, Ƽе¼д̣û޼ɾһӴƵ£˹ļ
ѽŭ, ָŰƼ˺û, λþûˣ´
, 硣
ƼæǸԲҲǹģǺҡ
䣬һ˳ӿѰƼǰơ
̵ִ˹ǰء
ϤֿƼŷͷľ졪˿ŮӴԲͷ￴ķϣûкͰƼƽϣӰд̵ĵطһһˡ
Ƽæͳӣź¼һȦ
ģʵر޲˿Ҫֲڣһ衣ƼԴǵ£ӾڻӦİ
԰ƼһֱߣӴֲڣûж
ϲͦ¼Ĵ̣ƼȺţ˲á
Ǯ۳һֱԵĻȥ¹϶֮ԭʿӵʱڲ˸ٰżۻᣬͽϵ澰ͬ϶ɵ˿ԭˣǰʿӳͶʻĴͳֻҪݵʱ̣ܹսʧ뿪ˣص˹ȥĺʱ⡣
տʼͶʻĶԭŮԣ߲ͳЩԭŮ˼ֱˣǹȻԵиٹ̵ƫɴ˲Һ⡣
Ȼǵ׷һµġǶƳ׷
ԭƳӵϰ׺ܿڽӿϵŮҲͶʻΧӵȥ
ڽϵĽҵǣŮڽͷ˧徵ӣܱ˴ʶʶΪΧӣԷǰǣ֣ΧӴʹ򣬶ҪСǷŹŮɲЦķˡ
кܶԴΪ٣ʱȣżϳٵˣͻԴΪڡѽ·ϱһȺŮɸסˣոһˡ
ϱԹҫɫӱȱȽǣĵõ˼㡣
֮񴺷һα齭ϰϵǳԾϽŮЧ£󵨵ԭŮ˸մˣȻǣڽͷΧӣɺͳ
ȻǶ޷ܵģԽԽĽŮȥΧӣʱһΪһַУٲΧ۾ˡνڣ󲿷ŮɶʱΧоͲΥΪˡ
ƼǿͷԼ̸ֱߵδΧС찢ƼŮΧţǵ˷ܼѸٸȾ˰Ƽ
УţţߵţҪľܵĵÿ죬ЩΧ۵Ůοأ
ˣˣţˣ
ʱůҲͣˣճ̫߻һʺ磬ᶼΧȣֻ³Ķܴ¸ɫʣų𶯻дĵӵƮ𣬺£պ֡
ҪֵòҪˡ
֪ģƼѪȼһУȸԾ
ڣ游
˧
ﻹһã
ޣ߯ûʶ游̵
ƼŮɵۣÿ仰ôϤڿס
ΪʲôһӾǣʱҲȥͷΧӣ
ƼΪҵ˹ȥļ䣬Խ˷ܡ
ڵţ̵ģ֮ոŮеʻ
ţֻжûΧȣʻڳ·ƼǰĹٵʱʻѾţһ룬ڰ屻ʻ֮£ǳ棬൱׳ˡ
ƼУ߾ĺ¼ҡΡ
ƼʻͶȥǺ滹кüţֻһ¼ͶڣҪˣҧ֣ûͶ
ڶ
ۣ
ÿ
һŮǿм˹ʻȫͶţȺûĹүүУʱǰȺʱʻͶеģڸӡѽÿǳĲС
ƼԣĪסˣһ
ǰĹòģһεˮڲϡ
죬ûꡣ
ͷڸղ󱳵Ůվԭط㶣ˣһεˮۿ䡣
ΧӵŮɣҶͬģûοιҪϲͶʻǣûҪϲޡ
ƼŷԼˣʱӹź¼ᣬҲ֪ΪΣѹ
ǸˣĵһţˣİƼɴ˫Ŀһӡ
ã
ϵӣ
˧
ˣúÿ
籩ʻõţϷɹȥ
ƼĿ⴩ʺ΢⡢ǰŮԾĺסĻ껹ƮɴĻȥ
ΧŮɲ۲Żֻ߳Ъ˹ĺ
Ȣң
Ҫӣ
ÿ
ҰеĻ㣡
Ƽһžգвֹ֪ٴεӣ
Ȼдδĳ࣬ǰƼ֪
Ƽ¼ӹȥˡ

116 ط

ţ, ƼΨһһ¼׼Ͷ˳, ŮһĵļС
ײԿʧȥĵһ졣
ȷϹˡ
ѹμ, Ϊʱ򾭳ΧãţòʶŮ̴ɵ, Ƶ, ĬĬŮǵĻ
ӡ̫ˣԣʧεıһߵ
뼷ǰ, ˿øϸһЩ, Ǹȥ̫ˡ
ãÿ
ﰡ, ϲ㣡
֮£ΧŮһ, ˵ƽʱݵĻ, Լǵ˵Щɶ, ûŮǵļкͻУ߳ܡ
ţȥ, Ƽδ, ӶＷȥȥ, , ˸󣬾˵ʿ幫Ǿٰżĵط
Ȼ˸󸽽Ѿ·ϣ·ǰҲǼеŮɣվȺΧţʻˣֱҪʻᡣ
ǰ̨ףţͣ¡
ԶԶôʻ³߳ˡ
ˡˡŮǺһյ۷䣬ƼҲŸ̾ѽϾôÿɣ
³վǰŵŮһƬ֮ôŴֲ£
ĺÿֲҲÿ
˵ȴֲ״£ôܴУ
úТ˳
ҲҪһ²ȹÿ
Ƽż⣬ǿһ￴õıӰ֯͵Ĳ£һƶû
У޻ͷľţ¶һذĺ󾱡
ʵشֲڣϸĻܿγ·ȻϵĴֲڸպóгϸ壬ԽھԽܳгɫҫ
Ȼˣֲܴ߹֮С
Ƽ֮ؼҵʱȥͬĴֲѡãã˺ֻԶˣźһϣҲһҸ
͵ΪδŴֲ¡ڻҡУӽҵһ·㵽˿
ʵΪ˰Σ
һ꿿šȼķ˰ԭǨ㵽Ǹɷԭ˰ģ쵼ĽϵС͢Ϊ˰񣬼ѼҵͿˣǮˮȻ˰ȴû벻Σ
ִ˵ǹҲֳˡ
Ǵ죬Ʋӣ౻Ϳˣֻʣ¼ǧƥֲֲֲֵǮ
ô죿
ΪǴԵڳȼķ˸һӣǰѴֲɵ£ʿ䣬ŻڼŴֲ¡
óĺÿҵ˲֪ڽͷŮǣΧ¡
϶ûУ˻ҪôŴֲ£ҪҡУ˿ôŴֲµķɡ
øӵЧӦʹýҵֲĿ񳱣һҹֲ֮˻ųĴֲ߼ֲųӦÿ춼ǼۣԽǼԽԴ˽Σ
ÿڸصĺӺ˽ֶǴӸıǮҲİ׵С͢ȹΣϣպ˿ĺӿˣӽҵѲһŴֲڻֲ۸Ʋҽϡ
ֻĲҲ벻Ѱһ겻õȴΪ˰סߵҡ׷Ͷ
ʰϣ˲˸ߵĺƾŮμУûлͷ
Ϊ˿ⱣָõԸһˣϲӡǺһ
ǵǺ꣬ȥɻǮ·˴
ƼԽ̰ı鿴˵ıӰһʧ̨׵ľͷ뿪
ɫˣƼҪڳŹر֮ǰؼң˸ʿҪ¹ҹ
Ƽصڴ֮ǰȥֲ˺üҵ궼ˣ˼ͷصѾߣҪüƣȻȥĸʰ
⣬׾ȻҲڣ˵ýǮڳȾ
Ƽƣĸ׵棬˵챻Ǯᱡ֮££ĸ
첻֪ôˣĸʼյͷʲô£һ˵ȥһ·ȥմҲǡȥݣҪ̫ˡ
ݣƼʵǼ˿ݣôû˵˵˵;ɢô
ĸ׵ͷˡ
¸˵ڽͷˣˣһշתӵ˿סڱǣȫȥ
ŶȻݣȻҪĺһ㣬Ƽˣĸ׻ǵͷȥʺ򣬡ĸ׽岻𣿡
ĸæӲᣬǣҺõĺܣⲻǽһ಻ˣѶȫޣ񼴽ط꣬Ǽ
Ƽطױ硣
¸ĸ˿ĿƵĺܿŲ
ĸᣬ¸οĸ·ϼģպʧ䣬ǽʹŮһ꣬͵ǵ־͹̫ãǮӶˣˣ¼ҵߵϳ¼ҺüѪˡ
ĸ޵⺢ԸߣίˣûûֵңǺȥ
¸ЩΣܿ˵ԼģҵģƯŮ˭ﶼ֣ҡٹٻ˼ҵŮӺͼɢΪūΪ澣һ꣬ҽҩѾźţѾԵˡ
ĸᣬ̵ЩߵҲΪ׬˲Ǯֲǿš
¸߳ŭ˵ˣһ˫ŮţǺαطķȥƭһʧĹϳ¼ҵղܶϣԳ¼ҵڡ
ĸ޵ûбöŮôֵͷˣõһΪūͲⱨӦ̰ƺɫҪǮҵǿõأҪӡأ
¸סĸ죬С㣬¾ͻˡȥǮջأߵߣѪ޹飬ʱҪŮﱾǮҪģ̻˼ңסֺÿĹﰡջˮ綼Ǳ˵ģˮˣöӣӣҲп
¸ĸ᲻ðƼȴҲòʵͷֹˮ
Ƽϣӹ뷿ϦͶޡ
ǿߣȥݼͣ˲á¸æŮţһ
ܵĿ죬ҹĻʱ˳ǱƼǰȻǸĴլԺ̾˼ҼҾΪʲôסס˽ϱ˵ľ۾ӵأ
ΧľĻסĶǴ˼ҡ
¸˵˵·˹ˣܹŮϽȥɡ
һڸ³ſڵȺѾõū;̴ţӣү̣бС
ū¼˿ãӴŵһ·ոµĺ̺Ϲһյյõĺϲ졣
ϲ裬¸ĸ˵ҪޣֻаƼһڿá
һᣬƼŲȴǮӴһ߽
ףĸףƼվܣ˳ź̺ŷȥĸż
ףĸףȵңƼе
Ǹĸûлͷѵһźϣǿ׳ūſڡ
ǮӲŲæĸ㸸ĸͼˣȻҪؼȥǵĶҹ**һֵǧĪҪ⡣
ƼʶĸˣԭأΪʲô˵ֻһѪҪŮ
ѾӦң뻢ıƤǮ˵
Ϊ˿ߵʮָͷȫˣΪ⸶ô࣬ΪʲôǰҸˣ
Ƽ벻ͨŭ־ǮסƼ־һƣǮӰˡ
žһǮŮӵˣܺãѱƥ
ǮӷԸˣҹأ˻ط
һȺūΧסƼȰһòū澿˰ƼʱһƵģⲻӹ
긾˲ǱˣǶϡ
֮ǰͺ**һսȫû˾ͽڵдԱͻҳԱʯɱȫһʯǽ֮£ΨһҴߡ
ԡѪʬ峤ﱦȻһֱ϶ȥ;б˷Ϊū
ɫ˥ȴøⱻΪ潼˻檣Ϊū澼תշת˿ǮӴѰƼլҪū澣źƼ
ȵķ֣ҪźҷˣȻӹ

117 

˵Ǯز˸, úڹӵż֮, ݣҹ, ŮǶؼˣһֲ£ţ̵, ǸΪ
ţĳľѳϵʻŪ, ᣬһ仨ڵϣ̤С
һ¼ʻĽűϡ
ͯæ¼, Ҫӵ·ߡ
¼ý˲, ۽͹ס¼ײˡ
š˵ѻҡ
ðӴӻ, £Լָܵʵ, Ӧϸ֯Ͷ, ̫ǼҵĴˡ
˼, 걳Ѵӡ
ƣ, æȳ, ͵佣ûü, Ψдһֱ, Ψһ͹ȥйصĶ
ʱ·ϣżѵʱ򣬻ó̾ðοҪ̫ˣȵ˽ϣһ佣͸
ӿ֣ǰ佣еģ̫ƽҲеģһжеġ
ӵʱЦǵĶͷʲôݵΪ룬ҪȻǸȤ
Ů죿
ᡣӲᣬһĺӶ綼Ů졪࣬͸Ӳˣ볤ʲô֪
꣬һ䲻廨һдְҾ߷䡯֣û佣һ
ʱѾصĶͬˣһٶǹĹŮΪ˹ʿ˼񣬽½ʿ͹ŮԣΪޣ¿ʼӴӹŮߣĥǹѧϰ뷨׾ڴ½塮䡯֡
ʱʱͷֶֻۣѣչǻ嵽˾ݳͶεʱֻһ䡯֡
Ȼӱ°ߣʧ١
ӣڵϸӵ½ǣһġ䡯֡
ּŤŤ
кܶһģһĴ幤׾ӵġ䡯ֶһ޶

һ¼ӽԲɺϣ
ȣ
սӣţټ֣˿صѰýҳӹŮӣӹˣӾģһ˿סˡŹĻһȥʣϸÿһŻЩǷŮӡ
ͯʵӣϵİҰѯʣνͻ˵ݣ
Ҫӵ׹ݣ˵Ǿ˵ԺҪʮǮֻҪڣṩҲ͡˿кܶԭ񣬺ͺгǻṩġ
ÿ򶨣ʵǮĳˮӿѻӽҵĳôûпأ
ＤԶԶ˿ҵƻӾһյ֮£
ÿŸӣͰ˿ӴϽһţӵĻصѯʽΧʿӵŮǡ
ͬʱǮǮ˽լ
˰ҹ϶ҹŶ롣
ںϵŮվˣ̨ոձĸˣһθĸŮԣ춼ˣ˰ҹ˫Ŀ޺ˡ
ͷҭҭֹͣϰ˵ķԸҹͽȥˣ˰ɣȳԵ㶫
Ѷ£ȥ
ƼʵڷŮͣκʳˮлԲѣʧףǮ֮ʲôĵֶζó
ϴӹܼѾòӹ̻Ů
һǰ˿ߵǼжŮд㣬˵ãͷֱߵͳ֡
ЩٿŮ򱻸ĸӣԲϷĵʹ࣬ô£ѵгһģһˣ
ӹʶϵģǸķ˾ָӹϵ
ӹͺˡ
ò⣬ź·ˡū澶밾ҹ˺ݿ¡
ϷʳУˡ
ҪҷˣȥƼ˵
òһģһ
ܣδ˵ӹи˫̥á
ʱ䲻ˣϱȷŮݡ
ϷŵӹѵҶʶˣ
Ƽһ㶣ʧȥ֮£ֻиĸ֪򿴲Ҳֻ˵ͷۣĸһֱǧҪʧ飬Щ˳룬Թ˵ݺڨͼı졣
񣬸ĸǮΪūʧҲһˣΪԸѱ
ƼԽĺ˵Ҹĸǵİɣ㲻ɣҵʧðݣ׽ҵΣȻΪҺõɣȰҴǮ϶ҾԲί¼
һŮʧȥ䣬϶ʱΪζԹ޶ԣ
ӹʧȥ˼䣬䵽䣬ǶĹεķ޺ƭŮˣȻ߼ǮΪū
ϱת˺üأˣһֱլԺɣʹżУҲ˼ӣߡ
żԭˣҲ̻¶ʵݣΪԼ˿ܸ£Ǳѵԭץġ
Ψһŵģǽҵ˲֪峤˿أ
һֱ̣ȴᣬǽǮӶڱصãʳˮ˶Ҫ췹
ʹڲӣأأ
ܲܰԼοǮǸɫеӣпܻǿࡣ
ˡ
ץסӵ֣ߡ

118 ҵ

ӱĸ, , ŭ˵ȫǴ̣˦֣Ҫǰʲôˣ
ʳУһ̻ʣʳˮµ˻ԵĶ, ȫˮͰϸɾʳ㲻ţҳԸ㿴
Ц˵ôū, 赹һкöҲϵġ
ӽ䱸ӣۣӻóһѼ, ѵ׼Լ, ӵ˫, ѵʱ˵תֺü, ѼΨһ, ڽ, ;б, ʱԶҶ֡
ӾץסƵһץס˼
ݡ, Ȼ޴Ըǿ׳ǮӣаѼͲһˣⶫԱԼ
˵Ǯ϶Ǹɫ߰סѾ˯ˣ㰾þƣߣٳ롣˶˯ˣǴӺ͵͵ߡ
͵עͣ˵һµоһֱţڵӡ
İĸ޶˶ʾãӹԳһжΪ̻ŮӶԣһʱ޷ܣΣϸ룬Ҳûѡֻһһ
ӼȥоպڵĲ֣谵ĵƻ̱
һū澼²򶨣䵹ҳɫĴ멣ںҹΣϡ
˳ţϤΣ˳ǽߣţᲦ˨˳ȥ
Ǯլλ˿ڣҹŹرգʱſŷС
˳ӳǮլħߣڶؾǳǡ
լԺū澣ϤǮլͷһĨڣֲһоĶˣк˽⣬ߡ
ʣȥǮūҸطһǮҷ֣ǻץȥģǮҵ˽û˻ǣҲǮݡ
˵ȥݡǮһ죬ҲǼҵİףڽǵʿ幫ǮʲôҽڽֱߺͺöŮһΧڡЩӣȥǮ۳Ů˵ҹݡ
ʧȥ䣬ݱĸΪūԳʲô˼εתŮȥվԩѰӻôˣ
ӻͷԭأΪԼѡȰ֪ЩӸ߸ϣ翴һ㣬δػֻϡ˿ǣ˭ǮأŻûȥվѰûбѡˡ
ãղ˵˿Ǹãˣ
ϵӡ˵ҼţͶһ¼
ߣϼеסӣȥҵͰȫˡ
Ů˰񱼣ǰ·
ܵϣ֮Ųҹÿһţȫ
ûмŮӡ

æϲǽǺڰϡǵֻƬ
϶ʱһѰˣѾǮҷˣŲ۵ץūݻжԶ
Ͻҹ䣬Ǯץȥӳˣݵÿ϶֪ѵʱ
֪ЩʵָʹģΪǮӺŹᣬȫ׽ū
ֲˣۡСչȥһ·زأ˺ӱߣʱһ·æŶ
ӶŶԶԶ۲۵·ߣֻǰŰѲ飬ûȥֺϵȵط
ӿͷһľϣỮ𣿡
ҡͷԭûм˻ỮӾ
һᡣȥͷӱߵСһ㶼˫УΪ˷С۵һϰж´ȥûдͬʧȥӣ͵Ҳ͵ߡ
һϤ˽ϵķ飬ͷɿݵ«έѰ٣ڷһ
еĴ´ʱҪòˣͻѴڸ
ӿŴϴ϶ˮ·ֻҪͨߣ¼ҵߵҲֻ䣬·;ӸŸ׵ͻˮ·ʮϤ
С۵Ĵߴ綼ͨõģİװ˫С㻬˺롣
˵ǮլǮɫ/ѬģҪӥƵѱҵˣ˯ҹе˱ѱˣԹԵԼϯһ׷ʱʧȿա
Ǯӿ©Ŀ̶ȣ֪°ҹ˴ʱӦΪ룬Ѿ˯˰ɣ
ôˡ
Ǯ𴲣ŵҹˡ
ԶԶ˵ķ仹ŵƣȻǿţ
Ȼһƥ
ǮߵſڣĸĸǩҵˡǶ飬鰡Ұߵǿֵǧĺõ͸ˣɼеļֵң˭㣿˭ᱣ㣿һƬģף
ͷ˲
ǮӼ֮鲻ã˻ΪūֻҪңһаŮΪ˺и׵ĳҽضΪȢΪƽޡ
ûж
ǮûģŶ룬紵ŵյƻ
ǮӼϸʳˮʣĸӦǳԹˡ
ϲžƺ˻Σѵ죬ֻʣ°ˡ
ܵ֡
ǮӴ֣߽ԷԷĴǷģǴûЬӡ
һǺȹϵľƣЬͻ˯ȥˡ
ǮӼ͵Ĳʣ̵룬ʲôˣ
Ǯӱŭȥƺǽ͵һˤǶ˯ҵأ
ܼҺͼҶæӴϹŵԺңûҵˣͬԺһūҲӰܿ죬Ƿֺŵ˨ûвϡ
ǮһӣȥŽҪڣÿ·˶Ҫ̲òͻѰǮū˭ǣͼıǮҲƲҶҪǸҵŮӲҵġ
ǮǵͷߣžǮҵĿŻԺĴֻ֣סţūѷɡ
Ǯָӹܼң㳭·ȥǱϳ¼ҷޣȥǼҶأС˵ؼҸĸ
˸ĸĿ飬С޴ӣ˵ԸĸԻ룬ؼ
ǮӵļҶɢ׷ūȥŽϸ˽֣ͼŲŰҰš
ԴļƣǮǰʲô˿ֽɣ
ӴǶӣæǰ˵ʲôǳгֺϸͷҵǵҪҹѳǣʮǮץڣǮķϣҶҹߣҰѰˡ
Ǯ˵Ҽūӳţ˳æһң˭ץǮңÿ˸һǮ
æ֮ͣǸǮӵǮʲôģС˵һͳɡ
ܼҪӺϳ࣬ǮƳл񣬾ЩϤơ
æż⣬ڵϻǮӶһƣⲻǳСôǺϸ
ͬʱ¼ҡ
õ°Χµ߱ü̼Ҷ˵ĺϸϸͳ¼ҶŮƼƣ¼ȥ϶ﶨӵģСյһֺߵҪ׸Ů̳ڴļҵ
ô˳С㣿һ˼ҿɺϣǺü˼Ҿͽӽˣõȥ¼һˡ
ϵĲѵأԺǽȥûĴԺţ˽Ȼͷ䣬ˡ
Ϸ޻˯Уر˴ӴϳǿһɰĹ߽ˣչ񣬡أ
Ϸһ񣬶֪·ʵסˣ̱ڵء
һᣬŭôӳ¼ҳΧǮң׽Ǯӡ
ôӳϷ֪νĳСʵǰ·ģʧȥ˼䣬ȷӡ
ӾȻǮΪūң
絶ʣȥˣһȭ¸ΣȥǮҪˡ
Ǯҿ֮ʱǮӹ磬Сǵйϸ¼ҷްŮңʵ˼ƣҪң
ôҾѲصй˼ϸ
ǣȻ˼ƣΪγС㻹Ҫҹܣ
϶ʵѾ¶ˣǸū澾ǺϸͬԽһߣ
ǮĵȻǺջˮϵˣǮҪǱѲؼϸҪ塣
Ϊ֮ƣֻΣҪ۵ǰͷץסˮŵйϸͷˡ
Ǯɱģϸ۲СϸӣôΨһ·ǡ
Ǯָźӵȥˮ·ѣ
һ£ӵһӵ˫ϴǰŵС¥ˡ
ϣǰ
ͬʱǮҲ˺ӵϵСۣȻ崬ϵ˭ǴϰӰ賿䣬ڰʱ򣬳ū˭
վҸͷǣϵһ´ոճ˴ͷǮӵ˾ͷӵϣ˰Χˡ
һ񰡣
һ̾϶һӦǮӻȥɾ裬ҾüЮЩСආ㣬ȥԮ
ӽؽһģˣҲòӡ춷أҲ֪Ǯӿϲԭҡ
Ǯ˵㲻ҪܹݵϷˣϸϵ׶Ҵˣ㻹ʲôŮ
ҽҹҪΪ飬ɱйϸǮӰνɱȥ
ֻһѼεеùǿ׳Ǯӣ
ˣǮӽ׷ᣬԽԽʺֻһֽľ룬ļĺˣһ˿Ѫۡ
ӣӾˣ۾
ǽʹͣסˣûд̴ʺ
ѵһǱص
۾Ǯӵﴩ͸
/ǮӵźͬʱѪء
ǮһӾͿסݵվʬ׺棬ŵѪĳ
ҵˡ˵žǮĴ󳱡


119 ʹӦʶ

֮ʧȥ, ֮ϵͽ
Զ, Բ棬¡顱
һݡԸͿˣͽ벻Σ֮ʱ·
ʱӾˣƵƵֵãǲԼ۾
ξеڡ
˽, ҪǺˣ顣
߽һ, ӸɴƵϵҪġ
ѣӻʶ𣿡
õעϣûע⵽һԵū澣˿Ϥһ, 
˾Խ, ۹ļ, ˾ԽڧĽ˵۷ַ֮󣬴ܵ˺󽫾ʯյ׷, ľڴ˾ͽȫû, ʧȥı, ֻܽĽ֡
һֱΪ, 뵽
õһ, ãӭ
ѾΪһУӦõء
ӽסˣҵӹ
ýһͷˮӺͱϲӵ͵ݣԸ£ǮвץǮ˺ͼҶһǮڼ©Ϣ漰ӹͶɽᡣ
ӽݡ
ԭ¼ҷ϶ʱӱɱŮ·ʱ·ߵһ·˻ԵӣͷȫѪ
ӦнŻ䣬һͷʯͷϡ
ӺǲŮ£֮ģֻƻۣΪһ˫Ůǿʧȥ䣬Լ˭Ƿֹʰһԣƭ˵ǵĶŮ
Ӵճߵ˼ߵʱ¼ҷŮ첹Ƿ޵ģעİ·ĸΪѡŮг¼գϰ·ɱǮӣǮƣ¼ҷϥͶŮ߼ǮΪū
ЩӾþòƽһֱǵĸȻЩĪĸңδǼٸĸϾһĸĸǺˡ
ʵǶ˵ǹǡΪʲôݣɢ
˵Ǳӵ˾ݣʧְûϵݴʷλᱳǣ°ߣЮһûб㣬㡭㲻ıЮ֣볤ֻݰ߷õľͷӴʧȥѶ
Ǳ̻ؽҵһҽΪ㿴ѹȥָġ
ʵδó¼ҷޣ鹫ʾ¡
Ӷʱ˽ս֮ǰԷ޶ܺã֮ǰжãǺƭݣΪūʱж໵
Źرһ̵ĺͷŭڶܸܵ
ʹͷۣ
ͷ۲ַˣæ£˵ӲҪ̫ˣǸˣͷϵľһֱûȬоͷʲôôأ˲ӳ顣
ͷۣĸʹӵڻаοİ룬ÿһͼӱܡ
Ƕôҵ˰Ȼǵùȥ۵ʱ⡣
˰͵͵Ĵ
óš䡱ֵĴǹģ칫Ͷһ¼һ
ӣù˿ȫǡ
Ů˵˽֮ڰʾӣ㿴ϸڶһҺĹϵһܲడ
ӽӹӣ䣿ҵֽ˾䣿
ӵ֪Ҳ벻ǡҡ֮⡣
һ̾˵Ĺ˾
Ϊʲôҵӻи䡮ֻ֣ͷˡ
ԱߣӲʹò˵̫࣬Խܣʱ˵Ҿ̴ɣӵӻըˡ
ǿסϵĳ嶯˵ҪżȻصҵ롣
ˣûǺ޲ʱӾЦ䡣
ӣǴŹκһռ˻Ůˡ˫Ŀ飬ڱ󰵴һЩСӲİ顣
ϸ䣬װ֪ﰵˬǹɧšռ˵Ļᡣ
ڣӱܣòĪȢȴǵˡ
ô죿
ҰοһŮӣĥѺͱѣܹѾ漣ˣҲ̫ࡣ
ڴ£ָȥļȻá
ܣҲûйϵǰ׷ҵģԭⲻȥˡ
ۻۣ黹飬ƾҵǻۣҲ¡

120 ˵ǿܲ

ҹƽոεĴй, սսĿҩҩһ, õҩ˺, ʲôβҩЩ߲֮, Ӻ˻˯, ˯˾Ͳˡ
ѹһѶȫޣܵ˲ûж֢ҩƣԽԽء
ðҩ̯̯һţǽͯշץҩһ˲پ, ͷ۷, ߣΪ֮ƣ˯ûбķ
ݰβȫÿθӿҩһԲ, Ҳβ˲, ʧ, ΪԿǱײͷۡ
Ѿϰˣһ, ճҩľ, ȴľǻ԰ĺ˯, ȾƺȶƬƵģʲô֪
ͷ۷ʱĸİѾ߽ǰҩһ룬Ҫӷ¡Ӻҩ֮˯ѣȥͷ緹
ԣʧȥʶ֮ǰӶ˵ӷʵǸ⡭δüٸĸһ£ǷֻԵңɱ˵ĻҺܻܿȽ³ңǾңҲƭҡңԹƽҲǷǡǡǷλںޣνˣǻط¿ʼɡҲټˡ
ɫ˥ұץū澼ת֡òʧȥ䣬ױ˹Ū³ֻҡϷްŮһ꣬ƭҲһֱ
һѶȫޣñĥ߾ܵѰãǺ㶼ǰ׷ȫԷ޵ƭú֮ǣܺѡ˶Թϣǰӵ˼ȥˡ
Ϸҹң͵أΪ·ŮƼʵǵйϸ
˵ӷҩǿҩսʤʹ֪Լʵ𾪣ͷͷ˯ˡ
峿˿Ŵ򿪣˯ӱ̧תϣӳˮ·ȥҵ
һ·۳Ͷ٣˻֮ҩӾȻûѹ
ҩһֱ˯εá
һξõڲУţͷŵĻƮеʢװŮɣǼšԾţĻͶţ
Ҳ鲻ԽĸżУеĻӸãпտգ¼֪δ
żȥѰȴ֪һŲȵϣҪǸ˲̤ıͷأϵѹʧˡ
۾һţˣ̤źġ̺Ļ꣬һ
¶ͱ˵Ľӡۻ಻ʹ覡մȾһ˿ۻγĶԱȡ
Բλ࣬Ҫ￴ǱʱˣץһϺȥа㿴ң㲻ʶңҪ
첻ԸŮǼһСÿʱþţ˿۹ⶼһ㡣
ǵһĲлʱȴˡ
ˣ³
ˣˣ̤ʻˣ
ҵ̴ɣ߲ʻ꣬ΣѡʱңȻһжˣȴеôģһͶĻ䡣
ҪĪҪңĪҪģ
Ҳıȡ
Ȼ߽֣ҵˣ߰ɡ
ôһְֻ˰󻬣ǽڷָ޼롣
޷̴ܾɵ룬ܵǣס
ָ⼴ʱԼ֣ۻ಻ָͷˣߵʱˣǾδãˣʮָͷûȬʱ
Աж֣˸վ񱼡
ôõ
˸ˣ񱼣ֻ
ȴ׷ᡣ
ΪʲôҪ׷ңӵδʼոǰǿĴ󽭣ɴһͷˮϴϵۻࡣ
žһˮлͷ̴Ҳ˽ķٱˮɢˣĳˮһɢȹҲˮݵùͿ¹磬¶Ͻ·ͷɢ
Ӿ͸е·ˡ
Ʈץס֡
æƿҪߣϷ֣ס
ţ˵ǿܲţ飡ȶ֣
Խ§ԽȻ鲻֣ˣ
ˮ޷ʱһǡ

ʵ̫̼ˣ͵شоѡ
ͷ󺹣ǰĴʣ˿ãֻǸΡ
جˣ
һֻﻹӡ
Ǹոֵ֡Ҳ
šӽӹӲȴҲ顣
Ϊʲôûҵķ䣿
ӽڴϣŲǣ¾͸ˡ
ʣͷ𣿡
ӰĻش𣺡ˡ
öһˮ˰ɣȺȵˮʲô磬ڴϣ쵽ҵ
ÿκҩ˯磬˯һһҹСѾϰˣò£ķ䣬꺮ůǵǶ˲ˮýš
ŶˣǶ˵ӹ
ʲô˲ģҲܰõ˰
ԽģԽΣܾԼùʹΪ˲ˮ
ǽԸĹǿӵĳ
˯˿һ죬ҲˣˮһýӹյæԼͿˡ
ûǿ֡
ȻҿãͷղյŻشߵİϡ
ʣʲô
Ķ׿ҲζæʲôУҶԣô鷳
˵ҾţΪˡ
ڳȥˣŷ·Ьӣϴɿŵĵطһʱ֮оԼҪʮꡣ
ӳ˴գߵװϣ󴬣߲㣬ߴ󴬳˷ˣŸҲŴ󴬵ͷϿշ衣
ĿŹղŵξҲȻ󡭡Ǹǡ
ֻ촽̣Ĳõ죬һպ
һô̵ӡ
ı۾ǸξȻ
һǣõ·ڽˮһ壬ˮˣļܹѵ״
Լ׾ƣ˾ŴڳһСǾˣһε׾ƾͻۣһڣ΢ζ
ôܳˣһӵĻ롣
۾صʵ˷ŭá
ȥ°ǰԵĲˣصգһˣӡ
һɲǼ䣬ΪҪʧȥˣæ˷ͷȥңҺúܿڼװͷҵӡ
ӣӼΪոնòɸ˵Ļ뱻ˣĺܣæ˵ԲҴˡҪģ

121 ʺƨ

Ϻ, һֱ粽Ż˯ӣ߽, Ĳ, ܾں֡á
òʣס, , Ҳ뿪ˡ
Ӳ֪εʲôˣ֣ŤŤȥͷǺһֱ߽֡
鲻Խ˹ȥ
֮ʱ, ͻȻˡ
ΪҪ, æſǱѵ֣֪ųʲôӡ
ٴ̼ˡ
÷´ʣصԭλ£һ, Ȼ﷢O@, ׼õ, ˹ȥ
ٺȥհԵĶ, ص, һ, ܲţ
ҵװ壬ӳϻ̳ϿֵӣԼʧ̬ŵˣһǿԼҪ˵Ǿôƣ͸͸ǲԳֻǹҪϢߡ
Ծ鷳ˣæãҼסˣ´ξٷ
ŭ
شգöڼװϣʣҪʲô
ӵȥҪһȥôҵȻҪӡ
üӹ龫֣嶯ӣʱСһ˳
÷һ𳤴ǰһתӴʲô⡣
ڵӣȫ׽͸ˡ
ҪҪġðзԼ˵˯һ죬㹫һߡ
֮ǰʧȥӵĽѵǱӰ뿪ߡ
̴ɾߣӱŤڣҶܾá
ӵͷ˵ȥҶǵˣżξиӰ˵һ˵ҡӹĹȥ
˵ˣ˼˵ᾡ̼ͷۣѸһԼأ
΢ͣ٣ӶʱţԲҵҪЩˣУҡĹȥӦȥʶ
룬ֻ˽㡣
˵Ǹ㹫Ҫҵı֣֮ǰûȱʧְ˻ʺС
ðڼװϣ빫һֲĻᣬڹЧ
ôʱڿӵľнһЩ˵Ǳ΢
ôӹȻǰ΢
ϣܹʰţΪˣɶϥ¹
ֱɷҲӻæãʹãǼӣ˿ʱ˵ӵĸ֮䲼ġȼķԭڽ㣬Һ塣ĵճӣΪЧ
ңƽʱԼ˵ģ˲ϴʲôᣬ˵ǹȻҲ֪εһȥΡȻˣҾԼЩܼ֮£Լ
ӷᵽܵʺ֮УʺӦҵĸװɡôˣ
ʺʵҵĸסû뵽һʣʵݵ⡣
ԥƬ̣Ǿ˵ʵ飬˽ҵǣҲݵ䣬ڻûд䣬ǽʿѾ˾֪ˣ
Ӽ£һʺѳˣ
ʱ˵ʺѳ֮£ǻʹʺ˵ʺ˵ʺ󣬻ҵһߵСٶʲôϵأӲû׷ʡ
ôͣ
ڴʿǿ˴ĻʺռΪУݴӴĻʺ˺ɽ
ʵϣ׺ƾԲһ˰
ðΪһδԼȥӡݣһδβ͵֮
ͷĸŮΣ֮С
֮գû׵İæҲ޷ȳӲǡ
ⶼ氮ôҺʲôأ
Լˣף˵ġ
˵ʺûѾļ޸ɽףɽ
¡
ӾԼˣ嶼ǻζæ㻹ðɡ
һ㶼ã
˲뵽ݡʱĸ㵱ҵ顣
Լˣǻʺ󱻵йүǿаռĳ**ǮӣԶһ̵ʹʱŭͱ˽֯ȫڷҵĸס
͵رסõĸ첲㸸سɲԸңǴʲôʱ򷴹⸴ԭĸ״ɽħצȳ
һŰֽӣһжҪͷʼˣ˵²ǹ뵱Ȼһһһʮĸ߹漰ʺ˽ܣ֪ǧܸ߱ˡ
ӵȻ˵á
ôӻصգ׺ݵĹڰ֮ĸŮ£ڴ֮𡣵ǶʺѾˣ޿ǷʱҲ֮ңʿͷζԴʧǵĻݵۡҲǹĸףʺġ
Ϊʺ󣬱ʵ˹ҵĳ裬ûиʺӦеأʺڻݵ۱Юȥ˳֮ʱǰӣȶ棬Ǿ˻ʺı֣޸ɽףҪʺ󡣡
ļޣʵѰοףһʺ֮òʵ۵Ǹɫ֮ͽûйأһʺ׵ıӻĸ׻䵽εȲľأ
ʵÿһ仰˵ǸӽǰӦ˵˵Լĸ׸ļ޵ʵ
ݶڴѾȫǴԲʺ󣬼ȻˣûбҪѳķʽеʺΡƾʲôŮ˾һҪȥأǻ˾ңʿ峼ӣǶͶȥ´󳼣ΪŮ˾һҪȥ
ýĸ׹ȥڵ飬ӵˮѾ͸½󣬡ҵĸ̫ˣһܻʺһδαڽܭǣôġ
Ϊ㰡ðţһֱǻʺҺԴ¸ң˾׶ʺɫ⣬ͼ죬鼱֮ʱǹƥŽɱδ빬ʺ󣬻ɹ߷˳ɳ˾Vҹﷴ䣬ʤ࣬
ý֮ҵ齲;ĩ·ʺһֱûзŬΪ˼꣬ϧ˾ҵķ̫ڧˣĽ˵۾ͲǸҽٳ£Ȼ󽫹ۭӵĶ˾ԽһЩǶһΪʱϺӶûдǣıڧˣĴܲ𣿡
һˣҲǳԿˣʩʽˮҲ޼£ʺ͹ΣѵСѾɲˣ±ӻŴԭ϶ɹȥİ񡣹ǧҪ٣һвŸոտʼסڽϣԹºϾñط֣־ñغϣһ죬ڽһͳԭġ
øӼ͹񴵲ʺƨ˵ôδǰڣӱȾˣ̴ɾȻң
õ񴿾ңŻôÿӶĻŲɣæ˵ʧٵһ꣬ĸһܹңиҵϢ
һ٣Ϊ֮ɫʧٵ飬Ҷף׵ĸܲסͻѳѾ˽ҵҪˡĸ׵Ĺкѣģ˹ּÿ£ͻԹĿǸʺдһƽšҹˣʺͨʱǧҪ˵©졣
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122 

û뵽ջ, ֪ĸ׵״Խô˽֪ܵ, ɼƽʱĸŮϵ֮С
˵ĸ׺ʺڹоʶˣǡ׽ûףұȹСһ죬Сĸ׽Ҵ͹һ𳤴, ֪Щܡ
Һһ𳤴
ѹε
ǰξģ, ξ׷Ѱ, ҲԶ, ˮ, 塢š
ξһ, ׷Ţһ·׷ˮС֣§, , ׹ˡ
˵룬öôãҲ
պôʱ³ʳ, ӽעڳʳ, ÿһʳﶼʶ, ǿȺ, ˿ûгԹЩǺ棬ȺڣȴޱȵζٱȴǰѣͣطĭʹԸࡣ
ҹӰ켸˯ȥģֳԳˣߣͷѰȥµ
ǹȥ֪еΧʱͷһţľڣ߼еŮǽͣӵĲȵ
һĳ֮ϣټĹٴҲҶСۣñһ
˵
ӿȫ£ÿһͷ˿һ⣡
̫ˣ֪ӣӻŲ۾һ߿һĵززˡ
Ϊ˿õԸʮꡣ
Ӽֱӵ
룬ЩŮ˵ȢҡҪӡûõӰ
Һǲһû
ңңҡ
һʶӿ϶Ǿǲǵϸˡ
ܹǰ߳һӵɣȻõ׷֮ϡ
ֺʳһΪ磬ļһˡ
ֳһŹֵĳôŴТһײģΧ˶ڿޣΨ࣬⣬˵Ŀ޵ࡣ
ô
ô˵ĳ棬ȴϵ
Ъʣʲô˵
ϱض˯ţⵯ
÷ͷĵϣֻûĵùʲô˵ûˡ˵
ù˼ôࡣ
ƣһ죬þͳӵġˡ
ǰӣʹҷҡڣаĸĸʦۣк࣬÷ã۰ĳˣЩ˶ޱͷͰ۳ʲô©ΪţʱŹͷʲô˵ʲôΪҷ
ڵӱĸͷ۸һδʹĴݻţʹ֪ԼǹʵԻֱ΢˻
ù˵뷨˭һĴڰ
Ҫ˵Ĺ£ܹܾ
ܡ
ǰӻڵӣ޷ܾá
˵Һ񿴵ϵ
һ㶼ܸˣˣ͡Ҽھȥʱɣϵ
ȻġʣΪʲô񲻶ǰ˵𣿡
˵ˣǣֻʮ֮꣬ҵЮֹ׵ĳɶˣְѻݵ۴ӳ͵ڽʱʵڳŲȥˣպȥӭӻݵִۣȥֵľȾƣʱλѺȾ̸ĵطҲõʱ⣬ﺬЦȥⱲӲмܹ˵ȥأԿ֣֣;ͬ顣
ˣ˺ܾã֣Ϥ֡
˵˻ǿЩֵú棬ȥҼҵʱ򣬾ȥ͵ҵ档
ţҲǹΪʲôҪ͵Ӽҵ棿
˵ڣҶ֣ҷǽȥ͵ʶˣ͵ĸࡣ
ࡣ۾һǹͻΧȱǵǸŮӢ𣿡
Ԯ֮Ѿ齭ˡ
Ȼ书ȷ˾֮⣬Ҳн߿Եʡ
õӳѲΣż̸Ҳ̸Ӣ¼ЭС͢񡣴϶£¶ϣΪ˲֪ŮӢۡ
ƣԭ϶ɽϣʿ䣬˼磬ʱģñԭոԭعͷ
ĲŮȳǡȸסô򵥣ϣδ
ǶֻʮŮĤݣΪѻ֮
Цŵͷǹĺѣһֱȹ˽ҵǣһվͷӭӹ
͵Ҳ͵ô˶͵ּҵ棬Ͳ͵ˡ˲Ϊ͵ҵ˾õɡ
ðݸӣҷŵǡɡһԣ
ӻæ֣Ҳᡣ
ᡣ˵١󣬻࣬һͨͨһԡ
׾ıʴӣѼϼƵһĵһ޻ö
ӺõæҪ¡
࣬һסְ֣סپָԲٶӵϣȻְָֽ
һҰ裬ߵ˾֮üı
ܹܵڶϵĺһòĶֵģ
һӣֶֻ׽ϰƵĲңˡ
ձâ̱ȴ˷ܵĺܣˬϣһܹһЩһЩ
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Ӹղ˼˲٣Ӷã٣٣׵ѧһöʲôûѧᡣ
֧֧ᣬ񣬴ţЩĵáֻܲ˵ʵɶûѧղŹ˰ɡ
ãŵһ¡
Ҫҵ
ʦҪӲҲӣ㲦Ū£⣡
ȸղŵ޻
ȴ޵ȸղнϰҵָˡ
ôõ͹϶̶ҡˣˣôܻõļأ
˵ãǾһǺã̫͹Լˡ
˹裬üּҲһָȥץסֵּһһѧ
ԹŴʦͽúԭͬӳ֮šЦݵԽԽˡ
üģҲģ˿ҹŴǱ
δ˵һ죬ӿɷ̽ң
̻ͽܣûʦʲôˣǸʦǺʦϹһ
öףЦͷ°㣬ȻȥЪϢ
ӻصȻ˷ܵշתߣ𴲣õϣߣһƺõζ
þͺˣһʦ桢治ͷ

123 ط

õİ, ϴʱǸ΢ʧ乫ҹͷԷ籩ͺ޵ߵĹ֮, ӱܲ͸Ĵϴԣ뿴ٱ΢ηηβˣ˼ֹȥӹơ
ʵףһֻǱ, ԹȥȻ֪֮, ͢Ƕ, ʮӳ, ҪԶͺ, ӱһʱˬ, һֱӱһֱˬ
һ㲻˽ţܼ򵥣ʲôҪ, ܵ, ʲôĬʮٻشñ˲¹˼ʹǵʲôҪش, һ֪֡ܡı鿴, Լ
ʾ, ˫Ŀӷſյ, ǻݵΨһĹѪѪͳ繫߹󣬹ɲػشκ˵⣬໹ҵĸ׼ӷ˻ڹߣӦԡ
ŮӢõĸ׶ҪңĵҲ䣡
󴬼ͷϣͲ綼⣬нĻڳͷѾʣ˽
ÿ˸æס֣ҽ̹Ļ˵һ顣
ӣƽЩˡ
ø϶ǹ仰͹ˡסĬϣ˵ٴ˵Ķҵĸס
Ӳ˵
ʣסûУ
һ㶣Ӳ˵ҪֳĬ𣿡
һЦСƵģĺܺá
ܵõĿ϶Զ
󴬿ӹУں
Ӹ´һװһѱס
컯֮£ȻһĺÿҲ
ӻý̵Ļûнӷʱı׼Ӧô죿
ˣԿڹӵıܣѿڶˣȼݣ
ڷſһãȻԾȻҶˣ
ŵˡ
ø˹ƣ㲻Ҫ̫ļҶˣôܻǵ㡣
ʶ˭ǡ
һ㿴ⲻеӡԣҾǹǽȥּ͵Ǹ
һò긾ӯҪ񣬡ǵҲûϵȫȫβĻͺá
ǰĸЩ죬õĻæӷ񡣡
ϲϳˡ
룬ðס
ţͲӡ˺飬һ⣬÷ǧҪǲҪŵӣֱֻȥˡ
绹ãŮŻܴУ̰Ŀӣ۾գһ¡
ͲˣһС԰ϵĸ㣬õԲ
翴ӣһֱĿŴ˵еŮӢۣΪǸ֫׳Ůӣǣ֫ϸװҲܿǸƯĹ
ţء̫ƽˣûȻҲǴ׵ԭڸԱ
ӳŮӢۣżǰһֱ˵ĺѣǽΨεŮԡһǲ磬ǽ˵ٴԭ׵һߣࣺ˵һ֮ɱΧȥݰȱҺ
һνӣ㻹˽ȷʵܴһ˱˵һǧˣǴһٸҲ򲻹ʵռʱ˺͵ƣǿͻΧ
ҹͻΧܸȥӦĹ̽ʵһ˵ĹͣȥʮŸҲǵİæǲ֪ġʿ䣬һӢģһʮʮ٣ҹһͻǰΧˡ
ҡաӣҪ൱Ӣۡ
ˣǸ̾ʱӢۣĪҪǫѡһŮ֮ӢۣһֱӵɱеıºǴʮ˾͸Ҵǣһġ
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˵ѾΪѡһĵıԺס£ЩӻвݷùֻҺ͹Ӧ
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ԣӲҪȥݼҪݼ
ǣӱϾǸͶҪĵ棬ôõĴķʽǸղάֱϵǽҪӣӱӡ
ЩӵԭڴѾ͹ˣƶǶһжãҲûѡ
̫ûˡӵͷ˵ġ
˱ԺʵǼļҲʰ˰ӡ
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ǰ۲ΪʲôӶİõĽܣСϰ˲ڿ˾нԶܣϻҪ΢ЦΪ˽ҵǵҽϢҪǽƲ
ʵȲ绹żʧȥңҵԼæҲۣǽ
ҽһǾݳΪĿҩĴӹʷ
Ӻһҩͷϲͨ룬СƵš
˿ݰҩӺ˾˯ҽҩӲ˯ͷۡ
ӿ˯ҩԽԽԽԽۣӼֱԼг
Һãÿ۵ʱȥ飬浯תӵʹ࣬žԺЩ
ԼŪףҵԼҪԴͷ
ļҩĽЩӰļ佥ˡ
񲦿˲Щ¶Ŀʱ򲻿ظȫ벻ԼȻô࣬žеˣԸΪ
ӽָʱԭشϢˡ
֮棬ƣεͶʺɱѳʺ°ߣΪɽȻû͸ԼĻ̫˾֮ףµȰ棬ִ뿪ǣȥڳƵۣŽˡ
ʵʵ˻ʵۣȴûģگ飬Ҫ±Ӧ
ΪΧȫǺΧһµҳΧƽԭûտػκξȥӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
ԣ˾κʼӦʱ͢ûóԣҪȥҰոҰӳ伢˾Եõľױؤһˡ
˾ʵܲˣֻͶΨһţ˯ڹײں赣ɽͶ
һΣųꡣ

124 򹷵ͷӦо

֮ε˾, λ䣬ͷԷȣɶ˻
˾µȰ棬ҪȥµƵ, Ϊ˻ʵ, ˶Ҫĺ̫̫, ϸȥ֮ⶥڹ, ˭ס
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˾ϾᣬһѪ, ţ», , λ˹ɱ׵Ĺ䵽Ͷĵزж֮ʵĻġ
Ͼϴʱ˷أ׷ԼΪʹһ̣ɱǧˡ
³ǣ׷˲ٹ򣬶֪ΪΪ֮ʵȤ
״˾˻صĶƽ
һ׹Ƽ˷صһΡһ˾Ͷڶ˴׳ΪĹʵϷΪة࣬Ͷ˾Ϊ
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˵ϲҵģΪһ궼ûϢôˣ
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˿ۭ˵ӹʧ䣬ٸĸΪūʱˣԼӿޡ
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֮һشغ޵ӣҹ֦ͷݻֽϡ
ϲ࣬ǣԡ£ȥ
ͽŲˣ֪ףûлͷֽߡ
լԺ֪ڶαϢ֪ףܲЦԶԣ˵ϲүʤɡ
Ψӱܣš
ûŮֻһӰ׾ɳѪȷ磬ΨŮ¾á
ײ˹ȥûһÿҪɫҸɫ
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ݸִ֡
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ٴαӣʿֱǹһ§סݣ̧°ͣңô𣿡
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ȻϽһǰ͸ļˣֻֻз֮޷֮ʵ˴δͬ
ʱ֣ҪɽԼȻԸŮϵһûǿҲûԽ֮٣ϣŮɥܹͶĻ
һǰޣ׾ͺˣζЦѡŮ˯ڡ
һ֮ôߣҪ࣬˯ŮˣдмǶǽֱ˯Ůߡ
ȥ궬ݵȥϼˣʱ׻ڹ򳤰Ͱ׳ջʵ䲻ǰ飬бȰȶ飬ǳĳΪꡣ
ݲɵȻ֪Ҫʲôһֱ֮꣬⡣
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תĹȴξȹˡ
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üĨȥѪҼſ͵ǮǲۣһǮûУ
ҽӣǲǮһǮлӢۡ
ãҾƲǸҵĵҰüָԼ̣пչҼˡ
˵ˣȥ̡ѡϣһ̤̣ڶҡ
üǸưͣǮһԣֿϧģƯһ˫۾
ˣתϵɴˣƮڵʱİüһץס׷ȥǮɴɳġɡ
ü꿴ݣʱԭء
ŭӹɴס˫Ŀµ
ڶμʱһżΪūԣӣ˵ӹļμѡΣ˵һ޵УΪӼ汣ڣ粽룬üӽͷ첽С
ּˡ常ȡ˸֣ףҫĿ˼üٺЦţ޲ߵץźףȴ֪̩ɽϼҵС㣬ʲô֣
ʿӲͬʲô֡ʲôţڵģôƤǽҪһпܽӽˣһŻ𣬵ȼһ̶ˮ硣
ʦͨѧ˵ѣȥҼޣҵڻ³ȥ˽ᡣ
֪ǲԵģԽǽֹԽҪȥ̻ͷԣԶ߸߷ɣֱȫұʺϷҪ塭
û뵽˶תתİҲĹޡ
óɴϣֻ¶һ˫۾ʱһʮǰҵһμ㣬ͷҪȢΪޡӽͷ쵽ة࣬㣬ʮһֱûб䣬ݣ㣬Ҫӡ
׺ǰĽͷһ֪ɶίķʽֱ룬ֱӡ
־ڱصõףҲе֣ʣǽϹŵͼҵ˳λãųߴͷʼβֻһ㲻׼һҪŮ徻ڽϺúùӡ
Ҫˡ
׵ãҷģ̤Ͻϰ
ݽ⿪˺ɴʮˣȻǡ
ɴأݵ´
ˣ
򹷵ͷӦоСʮ꣬ڰСˡ

125 񾡣أ߹

˵ԸԳ, ʵ϶õݣҵ˫գǴ⡣
ûе⼸졣
κ, κι, κγκʱ, Ӳ˷, أ߹Ĺɡ
֮ԭСС̨, ĸ̫ӣγһط, ʵһʱ, ڰ̨ͬڵĳС͢һһˡ
ԭֻ˻ڼ֣ѡ
ʱż, ˴, һһڱ, ˸뱤ʱһ𷴿Ĵ̨, ˵˾Ͷ, Ȼڡ
, Ӳͷ鷴δƾٹһ˾ҵ˵̨̫ԺʵϾʱʲô飬ֻҪ˳ʤˣ£ʤĹʵ
Ͼūԭصһ٣ʼƮˣ
Ϸ´󹦵Ϊة࣬ȴ̷̫ӣӣΪҿʼһ¹̫࣬ף̫ӻл¹γ㶦֮ƣǣƣලһʵ۾ͿУɽˡ
Ϻɫķʺ󣬻˽Ӵ˾ϳ
żȺҲǿȾƣ̸¡
һҹ֮䣬Ͼʹӿ˻Ļ
ˣΪ̽ͶĴǲͶÿһ軳˾
տʼҪ˾ǣֻҪдĳ̲סϾͰӿͷ
ȻҪ˾ūһΪȺƣϴӣ˭ҿޣϾͽ俳ͷ
󣬻ʵҪ˾Ͱǣ
ͰǾмͿյӣмű裬Ĵʵ۾ȻÿζҪͰǸ󣬼ֱܴ衣
ϾҪ̽˾ĵߣݻĺϣҪĸԸū
ȥ˾ġ
׿ȥˣϾͦ˾֮˾ƾ˷ܱǸܡɱεǿˡ
ȰɻʵϣϣǻҪԭԭǶѾͶͲҪɱˣοԭޱֻĳܹʲôأ˼
ҡͷ޲ǣܾҪӵɱ޾뷨ҽڱǡ
˵ϣɱһ죬ǴĻʵۣռŴͳλˣûоǱߵ˾ͻ˻Ƶۡƿػ˾ףƿؽ˾ף
Ȼƿ˾ˣǱ߱޳Īһʱ򲻹ȥ
ʵҲ˽ģӦݣ̤뽭ϰ벽ԣĿǰϽֽõ״̬ƽ⣬״ˡ
ǣɱ˻˾ضƵۣһͺ࣬ĶԹĵĸˣʱϿ϶ȥϡ
һ׾ҪΥµˣᱻϵ鷿˯
׽״ʵϾ˵еɱ״ʹͷ
̫ͼɵǿ׳ھһӦˣ˻򸸻ʽײԣ
ʣȢ˴ʺΪޣһ˹Ѹ࣬ģ֪ɽ븴״ͷ磬Ǹŵģʴ͸ôˣ˼ױŮ޸ʿǵţһ
ʵڹһ׺ţ棿һʮϹѸȻѱķ˶Ҫ
ʵΪʲôʺΪרһһֱϲòŮһ˶ʮ꣬˺ӣ巳ˣҪۿɿڵ»
ǻʺѾˣ˺ӣûй˼ϵԸɴమһһԶиĻʺ
ʮһꡰ䡱ϿԵĸˣȻǸϹѸ
̫˵˵ɽǸǵˣϣƾ׵۹⣬϶
ʵ϶ʱ˺ģǸŮ˾˵ǣж
̫˵û׻̫Ժιִ̣ӲûĿ÷ݡǻʵۣʵ٣ܲӣ
Ӿǹ׺֮ìܣøʵŪףǿȨ̫Ӳȵ
ʵϱϾǧΨһһ̤ƽԭūûɫǻ赽زΪһϹѸΪصȨ׷
ϹѸϹѸҲϹѸ̫רһˣֻϲġ
˵Ҫɱ˾ɳ֣ϾĲٱ˾ˣֻżһ¶ѡ
Ͼףӣл¹㶦ǣƣĵλȵ
Ļһۿ̫ӵıЦҪ̫£͵û¡
ΪһȨҲĻؽ˻ʵźĻ¹٣͵͵Ϣ
ʵۺ̫ӵĶԻ׶ˡ
̫Ҫʵټʱ޲ðȻҰҵͷϡ
ײһ˿ίвֵܳϿɹҳϼ۸ߣΪݣɶס
׸ɴֲˣôǸϹȥɣ
׵ϣʵسŻ֮أܼȷⷪȻҪΪر߽
ϱϷˣ׵бȨˣʧȥᣬҪһ³ˡ
ϴӦˣ״ݺĸȥ˳ͷ뿪ƽ
ȥ˳֮ʧȥ׵ǣƣ̫һҶӻǣĻ¹٣̫Ӻͻ¹ۣͬ滥ƺ⣬ʵĿ׼Ļʵ
ʹˣɫģҪû¹ٽ׵ҩʵˡ
뵱ʵ۵̫ӲǺ̫ӡҪ¹͵͵ϵҩֽţ屻Ϳգϣϼݱˡ
̫ԸǻΪ̨ۣĵһ£ɱ˰ְŵĻ˾ȵ׵ĻһֱŻǣƽ˾
µ淴ǵƵŲɱƫҪɱƵ¸ɶǻʵָۣĴģ̤ƽϱǡ
˾ͶΪǶԴԣȻǸʵۡ˾Ƶ۶УֻҪʵһղƵ۾ı
˾һͲһˣһ޾˻ɢɽһΪԣ齭ϣΪơ
Դƽݼó飬Ҫǩ֣壬ȰǻΪۡ

126 Ů

Ϊʲôӣ
ΪúǡöҪߡ
ܸĸܷں͵ΧΧǵĵ⢺Ͷ, ҹܷý, Ž֮Χ
ϸӴ, ΪϾŮӢۡ䣬϶Թۣ౳ŷɽս
Ҳսһ, ֱܸ˻, Ըܷ˵쿴Ҿ˵ҵĺѰɡ
ܷÿӢˬ࣬̾ɵ, , ΢Ļᡣ, 黹ܼ, Ӵ˾ǲеͷɡ
ܸû, ֻӦȥ, ʵ׵߶߶
ļ룬ܼҸ绢
ȥΪūĶ, ϸмþ֮, ʬϽ洫˵, ڽתΪūʱ, Ϊ˱ұ, ڽĳ
峤õĸĿǰǼʵϵ峤ûЩԲ˳ԴϣõּƻͿ齭ϵǺ궼ܸ֧֡
Դһֱڹһֱһ᳥׵֮Ե֪ϴұڣʹ϶ɽϣҵѾ˧ۭæѰڣԽ׸ס
ûãҸӲ֧ȥӦ꣬һӾͳ˹¼ҹˣ롣
ԭƽӣҸ죬ϵĺɻѾ¶˼ǣŵĵϢͤߵʱڵǲ˸ҤõıһööԲߵƳ͡
տ̵ǸЦֻһ룬Ů˵
ö飬Ӧȥˣڼһֱлͣ徲˭һǲɷõ׵Ҫڲõϣһ
ãduckء
ĵͤһʪסɵߣϴ֣
źһģһĴֲ£õĴˣŴֲҡУڽϸţһȦ󣬴ֲ۸ǣ˳еļ۸ߵʱһƥֲҪƽõ
˻ѹѹ׵Ĵֲ߼ϲΣǮܴ̣ܷܸӴս⢺Ͷǿֲ׬ľѿս
Ӵֲ£Ϊ׷УǳʵǣһߵСʮָͷȫ˲˵ƻмӣũֲڵָ˿·ɳֽƵܹ˿һһӸɴֻĴֲ£ڻ·
ϸģ·ļ򵥣ôͷ¹ӵķٲһöͨ͸ˮֻҴͼڵƷ
ˮװ棬ӴŴֲҲʾ߹Ļʼҵչʣ˲С
ӦŲѶɱֵòÿѶ˲ˣֱӰֲٵġӵĿȰ˾Ƶ۵óҪǩ
ʩһ񣬡һ޾塣
һµƻ˵ĽӶԹȥ¶֪ǰֽһţĿǰڽǣΪء
һ˾ǻΪʵۣҪµĻʵۻʺ֮£Ϊ
ˣŻ粻綼ڵʱݷӡ
һֱܹĵƶʵۣ˹ɽһΪԣĩʵ˾»ʵɱϢҵʱ˾壬һٵļλگ飬Ӻӳũ̫ܣҪ׸˾
˾ġگдţ޵ܣ½ɽ㸲飬ū裬ӣֽλ˾⸴𢣬ոԭν
ʵ˾һֱϡӸܼ֮£дʲôλگһжԵݵĴϷѹ˾Ƶ۵ܵݡ
˾Ȼ뵱ʵˣΪ֧Ϊڷ𿤵һӷû뵽ǰͬΪı֮Ӵ˱ıˡ
ڽ꣬ͬ۹ãȻҪƵ˻ʵ۵λá
˾пϲ޲̼λʱݵϷҪ㣬˾šگ˾ɱıޣһƴǣϰ΢δܴϾȼݣ»ϱɱ΢ûܾȻϣûʵۡ
࣬˾ӡگİţڶ̳лλǻΪۡ
ʵ۵ĻҪǣߵĳҪꡣ
˾ǸԱӣʼڶƴǣҲˣҪȥ
ǲܵģѾǺĵˣȥ
ٴι˾ǻ˵򲻿ɣȺǻӣΣǽ֮£¼ȻִⲻϼλʵۣǾ³ƽɡ
ǿλһȣҽǽķ˾Ǻڴ壬ڹŴǽ֮أԵ˾ѱκΪ˾ҴλκƵۡ
ҪƵۣȷ
ƽ֮һǳƵۣǻҪѪͳӹ࣬˾յǻΪۡ
һ˾ҲܾҪС
α𣿱ġеĻʵ۶Ҫ򣬾ǻλ·
Ȼ˵ĴΣд󳼡ҡӹϱʿһ˾ǻԵǻˡ
¥ҪǵĲ㣬ͱȸǵ㣬Ĺؼӹױࡣ
ȫαӵǩȰǻĹɻἤŭӹʱӹܾȺʿһĴȰɽ˾ǻϷˡ
ԣҪ˵ͬⳡǻϷ
ϸԲٵȰ˾ǻگ飬ǩطף˵˾飬Ψܹ뺺⣬ӻԭ񡣲֮ǰиӴӦˣǩ
æκ΢ת
һЦˣֻӴӦɡ
ӶãʵĳŵȽá
˵뽲
ĿԶĿűķ򣬡ҵĸǴʺļޣǺɽ׵Ƶ֮ҪǱдʷ飬ʾͳĸΪݵ۵ļ̺󣬿϶ᱻдȥҵҪܼ򵥣ĸ׵ļأκθۣʲôʧꡢʧ֮Ļһֶ׼дȥ
ƣ°ߣȸļޣĴûбԼĻʺѾˣǲʷڮ
Ϊѣ
˵Ļ䶼ԣʺʧʧڣȵۻݵ۵Тھ͸ļ޸ʵ
ԥʱʣˢˢ£ĿԣֽŷתݸǩҾǩӦҾʹӦ
Ӳ֪ʵ׸ŮȻģ·һ
ʷҪǹٷ޵ʷ飬ʾͳǹ׶ۣģҪΥ⽨ʿԭȥɾʧʧڵĸ//ۡ
/սʱĻŵʾ֮ˣˣһ·ˣ
ԭĸ͵͵ݷӵϢǰӦ꣬ϵԺ
˵ٲҪλˡ
ԲƢ˺Ȱǻ鲻ɡ
ûѡˣˢˢǩԡӽǩ˾
˷ɿ콻飬ĽŲͨͤ
ܻеͷҪ𣿰֧ȥ룬ҪЮһˣ
ССʱ򳤵úÿƮԽ

127 /ը

һ˵£, Ⱦ, źͤϱ߱ȥ
ϵͤ, ˳𰸼ӿһߣɷȥ
ַ׼ĺס
Ӵһź󾱣˻׷ȥ, һѳסĶ, ʲô£
ΪŶ䣬ݷù
磺ڣǼ鼴ʲô£
æȥΧ, ҵ, ҵ, ססϰߡ
ŷ, ҪϺĹ, Ҽʱϻ, ֪ҪʲôҼʱסѡʮ֮꣬¡
Ŷ, 㲻, 㻹Źæڰ, ׳ƹ, 㻹ҡ
, ֪ɷıԣ󣬸ղ˵ˣʲôܣ顣
Ʊ磬Ǻɱģҽ͡úǰΪ㳳ܡ
üҵĴ԰ɣʲô飬㶼ܴɣƸҡ
żӵȰǻ׸˾ϣٽӵս˺ˣҵĴ˰ɣ
ö䶼ҪðˣæӴܣʱĻͼǣƥӦȥ׷Ҳ׷
ӰѲͤ¡
̾ùЦˣ׾ﶪã͸ˡ
룬һ㶼׾һƽƵֱۣǽϵ֮
Ӳ۳ĻǽһνͲһԹżȻǴ
ֽס𣬴գӹ౾ȰɽǻΪ۵Ϣˡ
ô£ȥɷ򣬷ϵƭˣǻӴҪȵۺһأҪڵۺ󡣡
˵ֻ֪ľ棬Ƶۣ˳ϣϾȶٲʢ֮󣬲ʵոԭҴģҸ׳Ƴʲôο
Ӱǩĳŵóӻϴȥĸ׵ŮΨһܹΪĸˣϣһЩ
翴ŵ飬ʱȪӿóһ˫Ь ʧȥ䣬ȴһû䣬һֱ˼Żʺ󣬾ȫʺ󣬺ǰһģһʺγˣһֱ㡣
ָźӣҵЬӣǻʺֻĻӣƳģȥ˳״׼̤뽭һҪ徻
Ӻǧȴͬѡ񣬸һԷ
ӱЬӣ᲻ôĸڹļƬΣӯҼˣ͸ȥ˽ܭǣҰͷ壬ҪҸ뿪ҪˣǸˡüëףͱһ
鵶ͱ׵ǸһԿף˷Ѿõļš
ӻʱҲڣΪǰˣ
糱ˮӿӲظʹıͷдһҩʩ롣
ļ죬ֲͻþ
ô̹ĵļӾ췴ƵģվɽͷΪƬ£ǰǼǲǼ̫ˣﴦ൱һֻŮˣ
ЩŮ˵ļ䶼йء
磬ô걳͵˴ⲻܰùôһӴ걳Ҫ͵˼ҵĴ
磬÷Ȼֵ˵ҪһҪʲô˵ġ
ô˵Ļңļ͸ˣ˲գȻѹϣһͻǡ
ⲻܰӱӵƬŵˣ촽հȣǹ
͵ҡͷһξֹƬΣһεˮﱧңңⶼΡҰξͻˡ
һ
һ߸Լɣеаȴˮĺ«ָһһõƬξСħŮƵģʤﲻֳҡ
ǰǵˣڳǻþξʵɵɵֲӳˡ
ЩŮ˵ļ䣬¼ˡ
ԽʲôԽʲôúͶۭİ£ҵ洫׸˸
ϲ֣˱Ӵ˳峤ˣǰ붼顣
ϸ£ôŴֲҡаĲΣ峤ﱦ
ŲŻòõըѵãȸ֮ʣӣʵӣҵıӣôʱԶ㰡ѵһᴫġ
룬ֲˣɲˣ׵ֻΪ׵
ĵλϳʱ嵶ҲЬͰѱ䣬ȥĶţ԰ڣҶҵġ
޲ȫ綼֪иöӡ
ã۲α뺷ڣִˣν㡣
׵ϸҲ˳ƽݺ;ݵң˵⢺Ͷĸϻǽˡ
˵ΪȰǻξܾ
һͳʱѵԭʿ壬͸¡ҹ塢ӹͶϵȵȡʿ壬ܷܸӵȴȰǻ
ǵĴˣپܾĻûϷˡ
ǫһˣ׳Ԥõۺ͹ᣬ´磬
ݣɡ
Ӵ˿ʱʷƶǰĴ
һڽˣ
»ʵ۸ոϣɧΣ˵޵ߡ

128 

, , ʹ, ڽҵ³͢ĹԱ϶ɵԭʿΪ, Щѵҵ, ȥݷ, С͢ıְ
, ڲǰСֿڼλֻŵ, 磬, ȻǼ
ڽС͢¡о´Ȩų˼֮н֮ء
б¿Щְ, ԰䲼ˡȼķ, ȥ˰ۣԭڽ㡣
Ϊ˰, 飬ֻʣ¼ǧƥֲ, ִԵֲ£Լȴϣóɫ/ࡱȥѴֲ۸ɻƽ, Σ
ƾ汾ڽ, ʿ廹, Ŷӹɣοϵ峤
ͷ˺õ٣ıӻ£ıúùְѿҪְ
ء󶼶ƿؽϱȨǹȨõձȨ۸ʲôܴ϶ȥģеı
ĿǰȨĲܲ١κ˾ܲȨơ
ԣ϶ɵʿû˭᲻۵ȥݷõʱ˾Ϊû˾ſﶼ֪ң֡Խľٶ϶
ʱ֮أʣʲôˣõӴȻ˾ǰ񴵲ʺƨ˵κã˾Ǹֻͷļ˵ãǾǺá
õ˾ĵͷ͸ټİŹְһ˾ǶԴƸԡְһְ졣
մȨӲܲ٣˾ܲᣬԸºͣԣֻ˵ûƢõ϶ɵʿ壬òֻ϶ɡʿǸ˾Υ𾴣׷׳Ϊĸӹ
ԡйкû㶯ģ
϶ɵԭʿ嶼
Ƕܵݡ
»ʵ˾Ҳ˵¡ڡ֮ǰɼ˾ףֻһʵ¡
ԣ˾ոϣڳ֮Ҫһ
ҪϣܰٹٳҲͰˣµ˾ֻ˵˵ƨм䣬˫ȴ򿪣ݲһš
µϡ
µ۵ڡס߲˵Ŀⶼϡ
񾡣أ߹롣
΢һͷԵĹԱ֪ڿ¡صĳµ۱һΣʵǱıڱ̬£աա˾
ֻһѣֻһҪôҵģҪô˾ҵģλ󳼣Ҫ׼ˣӲǻʵۣ
վǴ󶼶أصľǿƢд϶ʿûв֪ģصĹְűЬϳּ峤»ʵۼڻϿصʱͱɫַ彣ϣ/ֻҪһɫؾ͸ҵϵµۡ
ʲôӾҪţûøͣܵʵۣʹ˾ҵڣ
һɵó飬̣Ͳˡ
վ常غ͸ĺ棬ǰһסصĽѰ/һȭĽ²/ͷ
õµ۵ĳȻѿڲ˺ʱ򡣡
ҲջµȲľٶǸѿ
ոҪϢٶڶˣĻĺ룬ġ
ؿÿأӽŵĿã࿴ӡ
δŮװվߣսţ̻ܣѰѵĳ뷽򡪡ҪǴȰ˵
ܸ࣬ĹְͣվǰЩԶûʸ彣볡ʱͷ󺹣ʸܷãҪǰ˭
һһµۣΪѡ
ܷҲһͷˮƽĶۣΪϱصʿ壬ûܵĶݣƾµĹ٣Ӧðµۣµڵǻϸɧ²̨غֶΣܷʵЩϡ
ܷ˵Ǹ߶ͣȳ˵
ڳ̫ƵˣҾ飬ڵģԱռ˼롣
ԣڶϱڼ䵱ʵۣ϶ͷʿȶ
ܸǰ࣬˵ȳȥࡪӹ뿪
ܷͬˣӹǻݵ۵ճܲ
ܸ˵ĿⶼϣԱվλ򣬸ɴһ䵽ߡ
۲أܸʣ
ܸҵĴ㡭ӹΣա
ôѣģ˵õģһнǡ
ʵû˰Σµ۴ˣΪվӣ
Ͼ˾Ӽм䣬Ϊѡ
˸˼ʱϾʻٳӦһġ
ʵıϣŲôۺ;ϣ׸˭Ƚǰ;
µֹӾͲŵΪʵո϶ɣδʿǲݣʿ屾ͲػȨµȲСɵΪʿǿµ۵ƽӹͷǳ
Ǹ֧ңסܵʵۣǻǼɡ
ʹĴƿرȨ±Ԫ˧µҲĶ֡
ղˣһУ˵ˡ΢ӣϵ̫һ΢ǵϵĳû΢лǸϣϡϵ̫·ͳһôϵĲ˭
µһݣջس
ҲŸͣջس
ܸ˽͡
µۿȺԸĽ̫Լ΢ʱдˬȨΣҡ޲ǻʵۡ
µ۴һӡջسǡ
ݾߵĵǻ֮˾ԪΪ̫ˣ̫˵ˡ
µĵ۹µķţΪֻȨ̫˵۴͸֮λǰļӵӾʼ˿ĹǹˣóΪʼ˿ӡ
̫˵ۻ͸һ·šٺ
ǰСӣڳΪ󺣣㿴Ҷ㲻ٱİ׳ոʻȡ֡
̫˵۸ķŵʥּӿЦãλʹ˷ӻָļһʵ㷽ҵǳ̬¶Ψһĵģֻҵİ׳ոʰʼһ
Ӷ⻹ԳӹǸʸķţ۳͢ʲôνӡǸһˣҪһֱš

129 ֱ

̫˵ħ, ˰ӸķΪٺ, ѶǽҵǸĳ˽, ˵˱ܻȵ˾䡣
е㳶ˣ˾ڳʱ, گ, Ҫʵǿ˾ȼͷ, ˾ȥֲ, 񵹺ã˾, ȵ̫˵۵Ҫһ˵䡣
˾Ƶ֮󣬾һЩ޹ؽҪĵطһ󱬸, ̽Ⱥ̬ȡ
ֻҪҼȶĻߣ, һ㶼ż, ƽϳ̫˵г
֮, ڰðͽϵķչϣ̫˵۵С, ϱڽϸؽѧУԳɽ̻, ԭĻ޽ӵ, Ļںϱ
Բͨ, һֱͳһģн̻Ϊ˷㴫ټԭͽϱ˺ںϱԣ±ֵķӴ˴ܹöԷ˵Щʲôˡ
һ£Ǳдʷˣʵ˶ӵŵԣдʱûʲôʧʧһ˵ݵĽֻ֣д߸֡ܣûס
ѳ͵УȸĿ
ӿʷǱдĳ壬̾ʷеı̫ˣһû֣Ͱѱ°ߡǿмһϵйˣ˸档
ʣΣ
Ӻϳ壬ԶˡǸˬˣ˵ʲôʲôӦ˵ͻܵӵĺøСûвõİݼڣӶǸˡ
ʱѾ죬ĵͤģĶˣȺȲ裬ٸöá
в飬ϴα֧Ľѵ˵ʲôӼ档
磬è޲ߣԶԶ뿪źá
Σ壬ͷ˸ǡ
עڣһȨƵǰҲˣ˾ܵ𾴣ʮ̹
ûɷ򣬶˵̫СƬ̰ɡ
ͤΧɴó棬ӵӻڻָУۡ
죬ҪѾߴźΪ˯Ϊɢ˷٣γˮ˿ٲк¡
óͷ˵ˣÿͨͷһٴΣĽУͨ˾Ͳˡ
ʵӾûʲôãһǷӣ뷽跨ΪһЩ飬Ϊ˰ο磬ɵڡ
һҪǲҪ
һ²֣ͣ£˵ȥϢɡ
ҡͷ˯￴飬ʹˣ˯ˣ˯á
ϣ˯ǰĸݵʷ壬ʵˣΪʷ˵ĸ׽ʱǾ䡮лʲô˼
ʱӻûأȻ֪ԭˡ
ߣ˵ҹյġ
ӸˣΪĸ·
ͤĴˣҲͲù˼ʲôˣֱ˵ӣȻ쵽ȥˣҪ߻ʺ󣬻ʺҪˣοϸߣ֮£ʺˡΪڸ£Ҿ͵͵˻ʺһҾˣƵĵطѾûˣ֪ܡ
ԸǷ𣬵˼˵ɾ͸ɣͣҲȻʡ
Ϊ֮է࣬ЦⲻʲôŮ֮ĸ飬͹Ǹʱҵ󣬻ʺСȣƫƫһūమ˽飬ҲƫƫΪ˾˶أһŮƫƫİţ޸ϵҺͲʣҲպϹʮ꣬ѽ˵İš
Ӹ̾˶¸ҡԼǸˡ
ḧӵļһԶ˵С
ڲİ˯ȥһᣬŮˣ
ǲ³֮Ϊɷɵ檣ӡ
󲿷ʱ䶼ڱԺӣǼĸܼңƽʱܼҵ
üʲôطľĵطҲԼݣҪȥ
ɷˣһ͸ˡ
ŮΪѣûнֻͷȴôȣأ·͸ˣ˵Ҫ¸߷ˡ
ҪǵԺͷӹ
ֻ÷飬˵ҪŹ徻ҳȥ
ɫʿʿû𣬾̫ȣױˣ񣬡ôŷˣǡ
Ǹӣлֱ˵û߶
ˣ˵ˣɾͷңһɾӣصú檽֪ʵ顣
ԴӻӣͲ˯ˣŲмŮˣ˺ӾͲһˣŮǷ£˽Ӿǳˡ
ˣȻɫһ䣬˵˵Ȼؼҡ
סػϰ
صȲİҰ˸׳졣
˵ǰ͵׸
һǰһѼҽţȻһ֪
ˣǸֻܵżͷ飬һŲ֪Ҳûʸʡ
˵ɾϲ˾檱ˣ궼ڼΪͷزҴҴģŪõŹ˼һɫҰŪؼңбԭ򡣡
ˣӲˣǸϺˡӲ෴˵һ涼˵ûӡ
ϰˣοʱ򣬱ĸסңס裬˵Ҳ֪Ҳɾ
ΣǸ檣ҷˣڲԣһ檣༸ӣ˫ӵС¡ûԼǮ
ǶԣҪʧ衢ʧȥܼҴȨʵ棬ӣҲܻӷȥ档
ǵճӣò˫ȫС谮˭ûͶ̥أ
ˡǺܵҧгݣƾʲôںԺܼҲͰ뱲ӣ·ɱҺ裿
ԸԺΪ˵ӬͷСĶǣ˵ˣȥɾؼң
ϰߴ󿪴ϣֱ롣
ﺦ£ˡҪȥҷǺģηϣ˭͵ˣӵꣿɾǷϲ
һ仰ʹˣûȤԼ顣ˡֲǡ
ֿޣݱҹɾ˽¡
类޵ͷۣͱ˰ЩΪҲͣ񣬺Ӳòģ绹Ϊжôܸأû뵽ңͳ˸Сް
޵ˣǲʣﲻùϰµģҹ¡
˵ʳͺùˣͲˣ
ŵͷ
ʵ:˵֪ô˭˵£˶ӵϸڶˡ
˵˵ġɾ
ʵ˭˵ģ𣿡
̫˵ġ
̫˾ܣ̫˵˾ĳӣ˾ǻ̶֮¹˾ӳƣΪ̫ӡ
￴̫ӾǾ˵ĻȻףϷ
ʣ̫ΪʲôҪ߶Ǽүͷҵ飿
޵һ鸾ˣ֪ǵ¡
ʣ̫ûи߶ɣǸסںδ
ͷҶɸһլ
ӴﻹͦͷϴػֱӾܵҶɣţô鷳
վæˣҪʲô
˵ֱУȥҶɿң԰Ѵֽƣǿ޿ҡ

130 Ľë

, ˵۾, 亦ɾŭǵ˼ɫ˥ʧ, Ѿӣʵȷĳ谮Ҫ
ǣԼ׳ڲҡź, һ̤ƽĲļơ
翴˳, һ˳ĿẔ́һͷ, úЦֱĳһˣĸһͿԸı, , ֻܺݺץסĿǰӵеĶ, ܹƤǳ
ѵ¡˵ֲȥɱ, Ҫ
̫˵ʵ, ôӾĹ⣬Ѿ, ٶӣν, ҿ֦ɢҶ, Ӱĸĵλ
ﻹӲ, , һѸĵˣԷһ˵ġ
϶ԭˣǮĹ壬ճʳǱֳҵϰߣϵ̣ǳԲߣũׯţÿʳҪôˮҪô˿ԵʱһƬʳãߺͿһʹƵ
ĵҴˣҸղΪʲôͬ㣿ŵ˵Ϲֳλᣬ԰޺ã˵
˵ҪڴһԣǼֱӣֱҪ
һԹԷµ
ŮԼū򣬳ȵȣƺƵʮ˳װҴ󴬣һרװţ򳵡ţ򳵡
ȴػˮ·Ҷ֮ٵ֮࣬졣ǽǱȹʶĵطˮ·ͨ˴ˮ½ԿͨУз㡣
ĵĳУ˶ھлҡ
лҳԳ¿лϣԭʿ壬лҼлʣʱڻ˾Ļˣдһֺ֣˾ءл˾һ϶ɣһ˾ǻΪۡ
һ˵õȮ죬лͨ顢̫˵۵ĵϵĸлҴʿһΪһʿ塣
ֻסˣļҺлļңлûʸھӵģ̫˵۹Ϊ֮Ҫл
ʲô۾ϸھлҶϱ̫˵ۡ
ĵĳУл͵͵˴Ӻųȥֱ̨Ƕȥ̫˵̨ۡǾǶڽǻʹıơҪѾʹԽ̨ǡ
лܱʱҵĺҲһ͵˳ȥǸͯȥͷһҿʹȥȥɣ¦¦
ˣа̾ͯϧЩڳԡ
סıԺ¦λĶϷ򣬵طģԶ뽨ǵ
¶ǵĲֺ͹ʶȻͬٶʮȨƵʿ϶סڳʹȽϽΪڡڡ
ǽͷ̨ǣʹúоվסءŹ嶼ԶڽȦլʿǴסڳǶϪһԼϲĳ
ǽĹ߽ɣ߽Сɣȫǳ͢Ժ˼ңƽ޷ڴ㡣
ݵլԺɾӹլۡټ¦ǹ԰ռ̨ǶûӹլӴ
ͯ˴ˣӺӵϰֱլۡţŵһͯæӭӣڳơСɡ
ͯ˵áøأҡм¸桭
¦ĺͤɴӻں˯ˮˣɾԶ뷲ĴţǸѵԺ
Ÿװд֮飬Թͨϱңĸߡ
ӵӦֻǽסһжޱĽճãþʵϵˣȥ衣
ӸűŴӱ̽¶Բ۵ĴĴָ
óƽ˱ӣסֺͷ
ӺȣһɣͬСȶ¶ˡ
úһͣ˫鲻ԽסĽףͷʹϸĽƺҪ۶ˡ
һᣬһ˫ȼűӣߣһ´ȫ¶ˣ׵Ļ۾
úӿ죬һķ궯ˣĲꡣ
øȥץס˯в֪鵽ȸȹӣ³סһ߰׹⡣
ȹڻ£õָ̦޺㻬ȣָÿһë˷ܵļУȸףú޲ӵһǧôԶͷ
ȹڸסȣǺ䤱ͽڶͷʮء
һ۳ҪˤˣΪܣסĹơ
Դͷ䵽һȥˣֹȥ/⻤ҵͷһ§סĸ첲ϱϡ
궯ͻȻƵģˣסºᳳһеĶҪ
һӰĸ첲ͷĴ͸ĺӣңһڣܿѹԴˣзḻľ顣
ԣסĵĴΪתעӵĽë
½ëϽëסˣϽëĻ۰ʮһʮŸ
Ŷԭ˵Ľëһʮ֪ʶˡ
˽ëõĸ첲ˣӵԴƲ󣬻ͦصģСԴﵽײ˶飿
ʲôʱܹս׷ʱİأ
أĽëǣԤ׵ĶЦ֪εʲô
һЦ׶ٵĽп侲Գȫˡ
ĿӣҴϣôˣҲٵȥˣҾҪ
һô죿
ãֱӶ˵ҪҪԵһԭģҪ
ø׹ȥ
硭ˣɱɱȥˡͯСɲܹ
̾ѣ͵һͯͤ˵ûĴȣ硭ߡ
ðͤ£֮Ҫţ˵
õõ֮ĸ鷨˵ϣȥˣ¹϶ʱ䲻˵սˣ֮ʧȥ˫ףΪ¶޴Ĵ֮£׵֮ʼÿڳԣ峤
֮£ԸƧŹ֣ΨкøõĹϵпɣڼ˵ŵȥɱȥˣ֮С꣬ò̫嶯ˣֻĿ˶ѣ΢ᣬ˵ãæܳô¡
֮ԽżԽڳԡԽ˵򡭡ҪҪɱ⡭ҡҶɡ
˵˺ü飬ǿ˵ʮˣ˻ŵϵҶҼȥ
һæȥֹ֮˵ҪɱˣĲ£Ҳȥ
֮¦ԺСӲҪܴ˵飬ﶼ׼ȥ
Ӻһ˫Ŀ촬촬һ֧Ҷɡ
ʵô£ĸ׵Ը㸸׵ĵλֻҵˡ
粻ںмŮˣһ֮֮ϵݣȫ˳İϲŮΪңΪҪͷأ
ҲһԻ󣬡Һ͹һĸײԴ׵ˣҸҲ֮ˣȥ֪
ӷֱϵҶʱ̨ǹŵõ˼͵Ĵţ°϶ѻɽ飬ţǰҶɡ
ȵ죬˻¯̫ţİںͶԼᳵţܵÿһЩ
ˣӳϳ̫ͺͳһһڳԯϣеβ͵سţߴţܡ
̨ǹŷȫǴİ칫ۡԱǷ׷ܳȥؽΧةǱһĻ׷զ֮࣬ȼˣ׷׽ةҪʲô
·ڹ򲻸ˣڲţլۡʱβţ˷˵
ͬʱҲϵ˴
úʹһͷסűĺɴñվ˲ߡ
Ӻֱ֣꣬ǿȥ鲻
翴һة桢һ·ţάҵӣЦң
ǰվڸĸм˵ͣףһ·ҡУµϣȫǵ˶֪ĸ׺͸׵ìܣȻˣѻ˵ͷô£
ˣ˵ҽ˶¡
Ӹ߽լԺ
ĴլӣҺôӰӭĸҪȥݼɣ
䣬һĸƤ𪡢߱ĿǸŮӻˣҲֻǵͷʾ⣬ûжκ
ϣŮӣ飬ǵŮԶԶģҴŮͺͲ࣬ǴҲ²ۿ˵Ů
ĵĿζͦر
ɷôҸ˰ʸ࣬û˵Ϸ
ϸŮòʶϸ׵̬ȡŮĪĮ̇͢ǵĸţʱһ󵨵ͷ
øʸף̫ӵĸϣ
̫˾ܵĸǹϣʱˣ̫˵ۻʱ³˾ܺʹ˾ӵĸݽĸݣϱĸǿиļ޸һˣԳնϻصĿܡ˵ϸļ޺ܿ˹Ѹø˷֮Ȼ֪ĸϵȥˣҲûѶ˵Ѿĸˡ
ҵòʱˣҺ̫˾мơ
һȻӢò˫ȫֹɵıӡı鿴ãصͷǵġ
ʱͷܳСкСĸջߣСѼӣĸյõϥǣꡣ
ʸף˭ģ
˵ҵġ

131 ʯͷԼĽ

òšŮЩɫ, ׾ʲôɫ֮ͽ
̫ӵĸմȥһ鷳
ŶԻ, ĸֳҡеĸϹ, ˶֪ˣҵȻҪ
Ҳö⣬ǰһƣҾ˵ǵĸĸ, λǵĴ, 񡣡
СкüĿĸ, ׾ö磬Ǹ޶ԣͷβڳָ, ʮָͷ, һĴ顣
ع, Ǻηϣ·, ҿɲϡ
ϴ󷽷˸, ȣǽȥ˵
߽, ͷŴգȻб
, ֻòʸڴñ, ֻ˯ʱñ
һҶ, Ȼ˺ݣ
ϰѲõλ, ҪƴǣϰϯϣȻѾ޷أӽ󣬲޷ֵĸңֵǽ֪ǵǰ;ôأҲָǸˣˣɴӶؼҡ
ô㡪
ϴϵҪ˵ˣѾ
תʲ磬֪ǴӺ֪ҵס
˵˵̫ӸҼҶ񡣡
̫ӣЦǴЦޣ̫ӵ£ʼҵˣթ
һͷˮáò³ϵݣ㲻ף̫Ϊͱƴ£ѵ̫Ӳںĸѿ
̫Ҫʲô
һ̫̾ӶԹȥһ֪ǰʯͷԼĽŵİʵ׵ܵܡ
ԭϵ걻ĸʣӣӺвԼĵλϸϳһɷԴ˶ϾĹϵ
˾ԭ䷢ĸ鲻ĸһֱû˾ͷۣΪӣõ⣬˾ԣϳ΢ֻǸʱū澣߶ѡ
ȻΪһߺͷ޷ĿͬĸҪ
û뵽ĸϼˡǸߣã˽ӵеߣôܺͱ˷
οӺʹӳ󣬵֪£ȻԹ׵ģϾӵĸ
˾Ҫæ¡ʵ̫ˣ˾Ҷ
ǸúʱĹϵг˴˻̣ڴӦˣ˵ضԲ
ıҴ¶죬ûʲôѵס㹬͢С£͸ˡ
ϸļ޵»֮ҹ͵͵ߣ˵ˣϿ˷ͶԾˮļʬ
룬˸ɾû
̧ҶɵլϡݲؽΪסһֱչϡ
˶Ӳ㶨ɣϱ֮ȻòʱŮ˾ȥҶ˽ϣȻǰҪ飬һ
СǸʱĸˡ
Ҳ֣߾Ǽԭ䷢һ˾ӶǷ޵ĺã˽ӣǶԲȥӴ˾ͲȥҶˣ϶Ͼ
ϾҶɣΪ˶ĿһֱûҪǼºСһ˵©鷳ˡ
ȥҶɣܲܰʱʱȥ̽ϣӳΣȻ档
ģǻΪۣ˾Ϊ̫ӡ
̫˾ŬڸǰԼĲܣڵǻϹȻة֮£̫øʵǱͷ
ȻԳ΢Ѹʱ̫ȺȻֻģ˵ʲô͸ʲôŸǹʡ
̫Ӳܶھĺϣܻһɨأʾͻˡ
򲻸ˣ̫ӷҶɵҡ
̫ӿϲ¾ˣ
̫ӹѴͱ񡪡ӣĸ׵檺ӡǵճӣŲں׵˼ӣοԸȣᱻɿ
̫û뵽ҾԼĸ

132 ˦

̫Ϊҵİѱ, ű¶ܻ, ȴʳ
, 飬
ˣ
ڳ˵
̫˵Ǹα, ϸ, ˵ˡ
ҲԲԭĸ, ׷ĸΪԪʺ󣬻Ҳ̺󣬸裬͵͵¾ΣһϸճӾͻˣֱǴݲС
ι͢£ǳʶ, ΪһʱѾ, û뵽̨ʤ, û, ֻиҡ
侲, һ, ̫ӻ̫, ̫, ΪةܵõϵϲźЩ, ֪ԵˣֻԼ
˺ɱϿ϶֪ˣǷ˺ة඼ˣϻӰ˺Ӱְţֲˣƾةͷ˴áνϣةͷ˰ӽߣһݣ£ˣҪҡԶù⡣
絭̫ĸĸҴ㡣ӡ
翴Ҷԣ˫ӵ飬𡣵ǶةԣԺӹ½ܵס
Ͱ͵ĿãɣԺܵܣԸ⣿
ںճӣ˽Ӱᵽڣñض۳
ò⣬Ըܵܣǿ
룬ʵ˽Ϊӡϣ϶ġΪͨ¸պÿԺ̫˾ܡΪѡ̫˵۶ôôӲǨҪж
Ȩʱ̫סס˽档
Ͼʵ۶ҪģĻʵۣ˰׳սݵۣ
˵֪ˣԺܵܡ˼ͬ⣬ϡڱָָ㣬ͲһںǵλˣﲻӺߺߣǷ˵㣬첻ʵϵ˺
ˣһݣ檻סӴ¡
ǸĿŲ磬һҪίˡ
ԣϻȥӣűɷ¡
ǶԲԣʵǸƼĺݲˡ
룬־磬ҽһЩѶɽйϸʣٽóȥ϶ֳҵ⣬һ·ʦڵҶɣ˲֪ʹҲãɴһ·ߵڡ
˵סǷһΣҪġѾ¼ε˱ϡ
æΪţˡ
һۣ˰ɣ뵱ţҲ뵱ţˡ
ӵӣһʱĸԸҾл
Ϸ
Ҷɽ˺Χ˺ҡɾԸϳ˵ĹѪϷ
Ƕۿ˴լﱧòСͯ͵ҵĴϣһǣŵǴǸѩۣݾףСС;еȻ֮硪ֵܡ
ҶϣһͷһɴűñĸŮӻͱҵĴȻһӣ̧լ
Զ׼ͲĽȥĸӣϻӣҲ֡ܽӵͷ
ΪǷ⽨Ȼηޡ˽ҡ˽ӵĳţɹҪڣǸ׼⽨ʿΪ
ű˷£ӰڳеţǸݡ
̨ǡ
ϲ²лȥ̨̫˵ۣ̫˵˾ȥֹȥҶɡסǼߴ̨ܱ
ҴҳȥˣβţΪ˿һ㣬ͻˣԱǼеΧۣᴫ齨ǡ
ˣˮա
̫˵ջؿͣȥҶˡ
̫˵۵иʱĹϵڡڡ֮ˮг
̫˵ʱǳģΪ˱Σ˽ܵĺ֮½ʾԵΣԻȡԵ֧֡
ʩչʵ룻̫˵Ĳܣȥʸǰ붼Ρ
ӽʵ˫Ӯ
ȻﵽĿɽ̫˵Ŭɽ壬ȴֻҪߵɽǣ˴˴Ӷѣɰʯ
̫˵۳ɹǻֻ֮˳˾Ϊ̫ӣûз̺󣬹Ů˶ȢǰĳΪʺ󣬶Ӱ̫ӵĵλ֮ӻɵӡʹûжӣһ̺ԺӣҲǵӣôΪӵ̫ӱȻλȡ
Ψһķǰ̫ĸϽӵΪ̺
ϳļ޵飬ڱĸ⴫ȥˣϻعĺ·̫˵ۺӣܰѾ˯ŮҪ
̫˵ۿʧȥŮεĸµĻʺ
ϰ
һʵ۵ȥҶɣôϵܣ˽ӵ鶼ᱻ˳Ц̫ӵĸˡ
ȻĿ֮ȥҶɣֻҪ̫˵ʼղô֮оʵۿ˳š
̫˵룺ֵܣˣڹҶס
̫˵۲˿ͷ²нû뵽ˡҡͬӶӵﵱȥˣ
ֱȡСūūū
ûнĵճãʵ˾ĸˣ׶ӻࡣ
¶ӻؼңԸսսﰴպ÷䣬չӣǿһжնǵķźţκβ˿ۡԴģֻɸ˽ˡ
Լø˶ӵġ
æ˵ҡӣûдŮ˻ɼ˲ѾȥĸӣŮˡ
СкƯòɫ˥ԾҲӵҿѶֳˡ
м㣬˷ģ檲Ṽ˵
ȥСӣȥ鷿Ѷɽ
СӴ˴Ȼ̫ãͱ׵ĳţ
һᣬŲɣȴǶߵͯ
ʣأ
ͯ˵˵˵æһ磬ȣ˲ٺζȥϴݼס
һѪ
˺һᣬɢʪͷɴ£
ϵɴ϶ʪ͸ˣסߣ˹ͷûݳͦεĴ
񲻽ϴ裬ϴͷˣѹôĳɢǵ
һƮѵ꣡
ˡòʱڵ˧һЩƢҲһЩ
ڵ߽鷿һߣһָŪʪͷɵĿһЩ
ָ˦ʪһεˮ˦ϡʱϯϣЬվţӸ£Էҵˮܹϡ
˦һˮһҪʲô
ͷŪɰָʪǸ״߶ģˣΨֶԸײʪ
ָϵˮ飬Ҿǹ𣿡
ôͷˣ÷٣׽̵תߣʪ˦ڿлĻߣ˦һ
ˣİһ
ֹתк£
ָӣ̫ӲԣѴ¸׾ٵıã㻵Ҵ¡ҶһĻҲˣߣ㻹ң
࣬ΪʲôûؼңֲҰģкҲġ
ĵαӣһֱΪż𾴣ĽҪΪһˣȴͷŮˣ˽ӵܵܣұ˳ЦԺʲôǵ¡
ʮ꣬һֱݸ̫˾˵ңҶɿͻȻ
ܵܣеԸѷۻزȣʽڣɾ
ûжԱȾû˺ĵǳúðһ۾ͿϵʵݣΪݵĸһЩϴʱǣŴū֣ʵͯ˵Ѫͳ
ȻͻȻ治Ұ˵©졣
ѹŭ𣬡鲻ôΣҶ㸸ףôίʣҲܺͼԣá
ϣܹ˳̨ףԼǸ¾ˡ
Ḹ׵֦˵˴󹦣ҰѴͱƣôͻȻܵܣҷп֦ɢҶ֮
㡪ָͷɢĶӣ㳤һģϧǻ۵в䣡
ڲŪʪˣʼžžƣ˵̫ˣС˶˵ף˵ĶԣҲ˵Ķԡ
֮⣬òǻ۵Ҳ䣡
ڶͷżβţɹòˣ˱һʱǰһڣιȥ
ŵæͥԺ˲ϯ£һϯҪ
˵ԣŭЦû£Ѿˣ˵ȵˮ޴󰭡±Ĳԣ˵һû
ӲϯվŲһ񣬴ҡڵ¡
ﻹҪͷһѰͷᣬҪ˶ɣʲôԵûУľٶݵ£Ϲʲô

133 ˺

Ҫúˡ
Ȼ֪޹, ̫˵۱ڹǡƾʲôֻһ˱øʸ
޿, ֿ޿Ҷ, ҶΪá
ӽʼˣͬĸ, ĸһܰ, Щǽ, ĸܺ͸ײĲĸԶܼ
񲻺˼ͿɱĸɴܶܵСõ֮徲֪֮ȥ¦ԺûѹֵɴҲȥ¦
Ҷ, Ϧ, д, ֵҲɢȥ, ؼҳԷһѩ߱Ŀ, ԴźӴӲ¥
ͱſڵȺ, ʩһ, ̫ӵ¡
ʮ̫˾, ôꡣ
̫װɵ, ɰҲȲ衣
ֱ⣬̫ӱܣ̫ӶԽ֮¿ɻ⣿
̫ӻԼʯͷԼĽŵ飬ǺЦղҶֵͦģȤ
̫ӻᣬ緢ԼΪɲܱѹȥˣУĵճò̫ӣЩʿӶհ̫Ӻܲ
˳úÿһȵҰ
ҵ˫õĻᣬ̫ӲŲŹ
ñ˸ƣ̫ӲˣȻˣͽȥȱɡ
̫Цĸļң¾Ͳȥ˰ɣŮܲס
̫ӻͦںģȥһӵҼȲ裬ҲҪ
̫ӲȥƫҪȥĸø̫ӿԼĸף
̫ӣҪΪͿԶԹ²Ǵ̫ӡ
ö̫ӵΪջ˺˲磬˵̫֪ĸ׵䣬͸һˡ
̫ӲϣµĸѾȥˣƭ֡
𣿡˵̫Ӽʬ𣿡
̫ĸףӿһ⣬µĸͶ˳ˮΣӰ٣Ϊĸ¹ڣ
ø̫̾ǸТӰôɣҲǡ
Ŀһ䣬ģ̫Ӹܵһ⣬˺
˵Ҳκ˺ĸס̫Ϊ˻Ҹ׵ҶܣĸˣҼˡծسжػȻ̫Ӻù̫ӱΪ˸ۣŻ᳤䣬ĸԶ㡣
۵׵ĺ̫η壬ȴӲҪ췴߱㻹ɱ˹²ɣ
˵̫δ̫ˣϺܶ鶼ǺɱܽģҲкܶʹࡣҽȥ̫Ӿ֪ˡ̫ĸйء
תȥ̫һ٣Ǹ壬ᵽĸף̫ӻŲӣȥҵļҡ
ð̫ã̫ԵƬ̡
ȥ
̫ӹ۲ſã˺ϯ˿֯ϯѩͻƽһļ۸񣬿ĸͭж˱飬ɢ˿˿
ﻹľľСӵߣ˽ƽʱġ
һҲ̫ݳˣ
̫룬ҳȥضѬĵҳΪȥ˵ʲôһΪ˴αһжΪСš
̫˼ţO@·Ħ֮
ӹ̫ӻͷһϤˣռ㡪
Ҳ̨꣬͡ʱ̫ʮˣȻǵԼĸ׳ʲôģ
ʹĲ𣬶롣
̫Զϱҹ͵ܹܵڵ⣬˸һҹ
ǸʼûаϽӻ
Ϻᣬסľĳӣ㳤ˣĸֻܵš
Ϥ̫ӻعסĸףǶ˵ļ޵ͶԾˣô£ĸΪΪң
ž
ƿӣ־һ⣬ͿңðլԺһֱչĸӡ
̫ӻǲףƶˣһжĹƣʩĸףĸӣͬĸ츸ĵܵҪЮ̫ģ
еίƽȫ˻ĸ׾˲һ˾˹ͷǶܵܣͬͬĸ׵ܵܣ
̫Ӿˡ
ʱ̨ǵ̫˵˽ϻϢҲǲԼ䣬æ΢Ҷɣƿţͼָӡ̫ӺĬĬ
̫˵ۺ̫ϣΪʲôӸ
̫˵ۣˡ漰ãȴñӻء
̫ڲ¥ʱΪɿ̫ԶͯʱѪͳòԸûĸ׷룬ʱ˼֣֮ƭÿ࣡
һֻҪԺܹ£ˣܹ˵˵ū澡ҪҪɱ
ϼһЦѾڣûлͷ·ˡǸء޻ˣҪ˾Ҹϲ빼ᷢ޵ĸ飬ֲҵӣӣȫ£
ɱˣ̫˵ó齣ϡ̫Ҳ彣æν񵲣ʣĪҪ˺ĸס

134 ˷ȥع

ǰ, ӵ˾ʮ꣬ĸױֻܹġ
, Ѿ̫ӵν͸һˡ
̫˵, ȸղñӡԾ
תìͷָ̫, Ҷްν򣿡
̫˵룺ұѹҲͰˣ˭ܵ
ѾΪӣҲҰѶϻ, ˭
Ҷӣ, ̫֮λ, еһжҸģ㻹ҷң
֮, ֮ʹ
̫˵ŭѣһĿҪۿɳ
ž!
̫ӽбͶڵ, ͦĸ׻, , ҶԸʵ򡣶ϣʷŹĸס
̫˵ۿѾԼߵĳӣأ
̫˵Ծʵ۵̫ʧˣ, ͢, ׶Ӷˣ
̫һĸЩܵķĥ, һ, ˵뿪ĸ, ҲԸʶ֡ʼҪɱĸףô
̫̫˵۵ĽУֱԼĲӣ븸ɱ˶ɣһڻȪ·ϻ̷ĸףֲĸЩܵĿࡣ
̫˵ʲôҲˣǰСĸĸϷˡԩ֮ｫ͢һӳ¹飬޿κΡ
νԩǺ֯
һū澣΢ӺʹӣǸͨˣ˶ûз⣬սսųϦֻӳȢӣʲôԩ
֮λ޴ǣûԩֻԩ
ڣĸѾˣӱ̫ӣһ̫ˣ
ٴοĸȥ̫ӾԼǸˣʲôʸ񵱴
̫˵۵ֲţڳӵĲӼԾԶ󾯸㣬ÿ㣬޻ӣǶܾ̫ӡ
̫˿ĿŸʣΪ̫֮λĸף̫ӲҲաǰĶûѡڶֻ뱣ĸס
û뵽ӻΪԼһʱٸнҴ´̼̫˵ۣ޿ص
̫˵ϰ㱰΢ڶУʼĸס
ţ̫˵еĽ̫ӵĲԽԽѾ˺µİݴٽһ磬̫ӾҪˡ
õսŵһ˿Ǿ
֨ѽһſˣʮĶ˾Ľˣͨ£̫˵۵ȣ󸸻ʷŹ磡Źĸף
˾ֻ̫Сһ꣬ɼϿµԼ̫˵˾βϵӣϳӾȲӣˡţҪЪЪأϵĶӾƵĹ˱񣬱ֹġ
ô϶ҲͣĹ͢ȥˣ
̫˵ŭ޸ֵޱĵλǲ֪жޣΪŮޣʮ꣡ѵֲʮ£
һ˲䣬̫˵ۺ޲ɱТӣ
ʱûˣ̫˵һݣĸѪϿһ
ԭҶɲݶ̫ӵʱ򣬻ɳĸѶ˾뵽һġԲ
ĵճӣ̫˵۲ǰɱԼ׶ӡ
̫˵ۿãɶĶ۱ȷѻࡣ
̫ӿãᵽʲô͵ʴס
ÿһ˺ѪһĻʼӴӴǰɶ϶ûˡ
ûӮҡ̫ӴʼҰĲߣеӡ
̫Ƿģ˭þأ
۹ڳ̫˵ֻصĶӣǣųӣǺúӣ޸ղֻ̽ǶĸТģĶ֡
̫˵Σ̫ҲǴˣϸװݸТ֪ʿ϶ᶯ֣Զվһô˺ء
ģΪЦһǣų֣һŸ׵צҸղſˡ
̫ӿŻڹɵܵܣһ̾ѵܵƵǰݼĸס
˾ʮˣȻҲǵĸòֻǸսݵʱעȫڸ׽ָһĻûҳŮˡ
ָ̫Ҳһռӣأĸף
һҡԲҾ͡ġˡ
Ȼȥ˷ȥع
ʱϦ£ϼ죬ãҶɵǴ¦Ժ
ͬʱ¦Ժҽõ֮
һԱߣͲ׼ˣСں͹ںͤţԵƬ̣ȥ
¦ģϰϰһɾģҶɵҵĳţ˽ӵܵܵȵȺ쳾ﲻɡ
ã˵ͲСӳԷˣҪҲûʲô¡
ָŰߵͤһʳͷҶˡ
¦ԺҵĲҵֻҪ񲻴Ź徻С
Ůͤȼõ޹½󳶿ѲӼһֱVVֲֿ˶Ϸ
Ϊʲô¶ۣΪö̫Ҫס
ͷѾˣôͷŻ඼ˣһƣǳ졣
Դӽףŷ֮ͻȻѭ浸أŸ߹·ĲǰУܹΪ͸һˣʵķʽ׵б֮ʧȥĿꡣ
õ׵ϿɡΪѾĿˡ
˭ҪʲôҽܳΪ˭һغˮ˼
أƽĺˮһ˿˿ĿԶԶͤ˴ͤӶ¥Φˮ
ͨ
ɫӰһͷУ˻ûС
ǸŮ벻Ծ
æ˾ƺŽƿߵһŴȥˡ
岻ڣȲ֣տʼˮдȦͣƿأռɣĻȥϣˮĹﻹһ¡
߷ʽģκˣҲûʬ壬ǰСõ֮ſںͤΧˮӳʣķι㣬Ŀ񣬡ø磿
񼱵ղôд˹ˣ
֮ǹ֮ڳԣЩԱƽʱ٣Լࡣ
żˣҵ¦Ժ鷳ˡ
֮˵塭ӹˮˮˮԺãϷϷˮˮ
һĻɤϣݹأشôûˮű
ָ֮¦ߣ󡭡ø硣
񿴼һͬĲһ֮еļӰǴãӰһ߲ϼ⣬ȻɣֱҪϼ졣
ǽӣǳԽеķ룬гɣԴһֻҪ֣˭Ϊģ
Ҫһˡ
ŲϵĴ磬ߵ˴βŴβĺˮֱۡ
ȻˣǺ޳ĸ첲ͣ΢΢µƾ㹳ԸϹ
Ȼβĺˮﵯһֻ֣ץסֻ֣һᣬһڷˮ塢ɵĺɴȹβϹһѳ˴ϡ

135 һ֧

˵˺ҡ֮, Ϸ̤ƽңȥĸݸȫǵ˿, ˻صﴦƺ, һҶɶԸң˰ͻ¦Ժ
ʶ, ʲôû֮ƽڱԺ֮ѩɰ, ̲סˣ
֮ǰÿɰ, ĸ˫űÿڳ, Խǿڳ, ԽȡЦóĬ, ӼԸ˵ǿ, һι, Լߵ
ıרעʱӣߵıֶΣΪӵİ, ÿ˺۵ָͷ, , ҪľΪƴĥľƺƵĿ̵, Ͳˡ
϶, ľҵƫӲ񵶣Ҳ˳֣ƿ̵
֮ϾǸӣͯδʵҲϲ桭͡
ʣһ𣿡
֮صͷ
Ӱһ඼ó
֮һԲ⣬ǿġ
һһСģ˵ʱ˳˷ʳԶԶ¦һҴʻӲ˵:ûˡ
֮ںˮʣȺ㹳˵СССϣô֪
ӷ֣֮ڷɵʱڳԵëúܶ࣬ҲһЩʱͬ飬û˸ףĸǧ֮⣬ʱΪ꣬ο֮Ǹĸ˫Сأ
ӹɵЦǴİɣã
֮һ죬á룬ʵǴøأ
ƣһڳԶûˣ⺢Ӿ˴űġ
ָŰϿ̺õߵ˵պˣҾ͸㡣
֮ͷ
̫ˣιȥͨˮУ֮һµһƵİβͳԶһҶιȥ
ˮԾȻá
ˮ磬ˮ½߻ЩûôƯ׵ɽˮ
ӵĻҲǧͷһ飬ڿߵʱ򣬾ҵͷһļ䣬޷ָȫЩϸʵڼǲ񶼼ǲѾءĽӶͽᡣ
ģǹõļ䣬ǺܶʱЩλááЩʵĻ롣
ڿԶһҶ۵һ̣Ůĳȣ֮Ǽ٣̽ãУһѩ컨ĵطǹ
ϸڼǲˣǸΡ
أ
Ѫڣȣɴĺˮá
óһ֧ݣһ߲ϼźͤζС
ĺˮģӵĻůһۣĶģΪ
࣬ƾԲ⣬̵׸ĸԸ
ݻ϶еˮݣˮᲨ赸͵֫ŲƮˮˡ
ôһشر̵ˮпһĨ졣
Ǻһˮ֬ɢȴʼղˮ
ģһĨԽԽżˮ滻
ǧۣĨ˭ֱӡ
ݣߵβڼװϣˮ֡
ιˣͷˮһᲨƮȹҲˮɢ˵㣬β͡
ιˣһץס֣ˮĸ͵һᣬҲһԾĴźˮһſˮ䡣
һѱס˴
ӻˮȴȵ˵׼ɣҺ֮˸ģǲ㣬Ӯˡ
·ˮϣпɴȹãϰֱû·ࡣ
εİѳԺΪߣŪǰס͹Ĳλ
æŲĿ⣬ȥŴľͲˡ
ܵҪ·ڣֵ죬ֻһֲ£Ҫ˸ϣ͹Űֻʣˡ
óŴҶ䣬ժ˼ôĺҶϡ
Ҷʵʵһ̱ӡ
ĵҺ޺ҶͷԸ˰ѺҶˣΪʲôҪкҶֶ
п꣬ȴ˵Ҷɵˣ
վڴͷһҶðͷӣĸϣТһԲԴϲ
赭д˵ŻҹѪϷȻֻĸģǷ
þͷͣƵᣬ˼̻˼伲
ˡ
֪β̫˵ǷϽӻع͢ǲˣ˵˾ҵˣʵۻãһ˻ʵۣžˡ
ô˵ȴĥ˺˵Ƥʲôӣ̽Щǻ뻹ǻ䡣
żĻָȥӵԸҲ塱ƤֶΣ׷ʹȵȼܸգһҳҳĺҶܹסӵ壬Ǹǲס궯ġ
ӵľһڵĿˮӿźںžž졣
һƣڴϱߣװһ㣬ÿ
Ӿµȥֳˣұǳʱһſ̳б
ұվվƽ⴬ֻ
˭ֻ֪ζĽ͵תұ˹ȥεˣ
øղѾŲұˣڼӵԼĵ߳أһҶ۾ʹ㸲
ͨӺõˮ
ˮðҺöӾӳιȥ˶ʪˣ㻹ôҡ

136 ֥Բ

Ӵβһ, ̸ۡ
ǱˮףżȰ۵ںϣһϮɫֲµþұ, Ө͸̵ĺˮ, һ̵ˡ
ôôÿˮ½ϻ¦Ϊò, 񡭡ҵĸһ
ˮᲨ£ӲʵʱữˣĪ硣
ӿô, Ա𻥻, Ů, һǻƤ׷
ͻȻ˼̸, ΪػĸʮҲͷȢ, ΪֻҪ֮ɫﴳһͷ, ķ, ݲ±ˡ
ңҲ׷ʹס
ãҲ, ڱˮᲨ, ץסĸ첲, ˮ, ˮ档
һ͸, 徵ּһɥĲգӱɫգʲô顢ᱡӡϷеĹ˼ͳͳͳͳˮݰڣʧԱ¶
ԭʼռʹ֮£Ӻɴȹβһڣã¶ϣҧϵĴ
õĴƵģҧȥ̱֮סˣԽԽԽԽѲˡ
õ㣬ԸϹɫΪնܲסջ󣬹ȻϹˡ
£ûΪҪ꣬ס֮󣬾ҲϷˡ
ӵõõĻӦǿϲǻңǳֹˮͶһʯͷ죬û뵽ʯͷҽȥھĻӦӿȪˮ
ͻȻһصȥø֮䣬ֵ棬˵̫Σգ׼
ѣáԮðˮߣȼһ㡣
㣬սս»ɫߣסҵĶ䣬Һ¡
С㺦»Ҫ̣
СӹŰǺ²źԽ£Խ档
ˣɡСסĶ䡣
СеΣȼ˻ɫߡ
ǣû߱ը߾һ߰һֱţܵˮı棬Ϊ˾ߣһֱܵˮм䡣
¡
һŴı֮һ𣬱Ͼŵ̻ڿնˮϿը貶Ŀҫıѩ硣
СŴƭˣѭ浸أĹҪˣʵ˭棬ֻǵڣˮ죬Ӿϲ
ºŵûʧɫҪӽ㣬ͦ˵ģûĻΪӡѡ
ҿѾСʱļ䣬ʮ꼰춬ļ̱ǻ԰÷԰˵ֻҪõ˫ĿþˣСʱˮڿն̻
Ȼð÷ǡĳǡ
ÿζֻƲ/𣬳ǻԭ֮ơ
¦ˮҲˣֻңҪѵʱѾϵĽ˦ˡ
ò֪ȥ°ˣûйϵ㶼͵ˣͶǱϹȻûзſĵ
ӣ޷ܵڱˮţᲨﻺתϣ˺档
һ㸲ںˮϣ׳ϣмĴղпģñ۴̽ͷӽס죬ƾĴβҲѲסֻñӺ
òţһˣɳĮĶǰеӣޡ
˵ļٵĺСĴصţչİˮӰ¶Ȼԡ
ҵĵط̫ˣ۵ĸ֮£ܹӣɺֻ費ͣĲˮָ״̬
ӿˣþǸ֥Բ۹Բ޺ζɿڣһнȥȫǺġ
úӼҪڴǵ쳤ؾʱҡŲˣԶԶֻ㸲ֳ͹ˮֺ֪͹ӾΪԷһǵ˫ȥ
·棬ʱ񣺳ֺ͹أûӺˮ︡
ͨˮˮ۾ӹĺɴȹڱˮиĿֳĻۺͺȹˮｻ֯˶ڲˮǱ㸲Ĵֻˮףȥˡ
ϽιȥչӪȣһѽ㸲ƿ
ǿ˫ĿƯƵ˲ſӣ
ȥ֣£磬ǿ
ãΪʲôҪеܵܣ
ӣΪʲôҪеܵܣ
ĺۣʵ׵ܵܡ
ϴҪˮӣĿһֱϷڣ¹ڲɺͳ
Ӷֻҵıظ¶ˣ
÷緭飬ղŲŴǵ˲ֻԼŻ𣬲׼ܵܵơ
ŶæVڳ˲ϡ
·ʱð˲ϣӻʪ͸촽΢һŽεĺӣңסӣߣҲʪ͸·ϣӻϸһЩס
ˡ
תʵܵܣˮԲܲεȥ
ڽ꣬ˮԱȴ绹Щ˵԰
ָźˮȥԼΡӣ˲á
Լֳִ磬ֵڵʲô
ڴԼµĵܵܣײϻȡ֣ôˣλȥ
С񶼲Υֳһݣ΢ˡ
ҡŴյȥ˺ͤ

137 ҹԳ

ӻصͤʱ, ĺɫԣ
ñɴµǣȴСõ֮Ѿռ鱦, ڵ´档
̫ܵˡ
˵֮, ˣȥ˯
֮òֺ, һ˯
ҪٴߣֹûɻĿʱһ㲻ڳ𣿲Ҫֿ֮, ĸ˫, ССͼ¡
ãһܻܵҺ£
ӻصԡ, Ͱ, µһĻ죬ȷϹ, Ǽ䲻ǻþúڹȥ÷Сˡ
, Ρ
Ҫ, Ρ
ôŪ֣Ǹ⡣
£ĸ֮Ҹý˺֤˾СҪŮȴ޷ԼĻ, ʹǹ, ҲܰԼ޳ȥ
Ȼ, ȥ, ĸ׸ļ޸, ޷ΪӺã͵ǣ˽
µǹȻãӲڴˣϣǣõֻ֣һˡ
ӷһµ⡪񷨺ͻҵĹأΪĻʵ̫˵ƿš
޸õķʽҲֻһ֣Ǿ̫˵۸ͻ顣
̫˵ۻ
ӲֹۣΪýոմ̫˵һĿڷԲĸϣǳ棬ǡ޶Тڡ
̫˵ۿ϶ú֮ǡ
ҹ˼̴֣֮ԡͰվΪҸ£
ʱҹ֮ʹˣſڰ˯ȥ˰֮˯
ֳ֮£εߵƣߣҲˣСõ֮˯һݡ
ΪӺ𾪣Ҫʱˣû뵽ӻҹԼ
ôǳɫѣڰǵҹ¹һ͵İɫҪκΣֻһŴ׵ֽȫȫ
ӻһ£վűߵ
ϸһ˵ܽţǸţӦóΪ񺽡
ǰһСһϰӣƯˮϵĸš
񺽹ᴩ¦棬ƽأż˼ʱ񺽻沨
ȵҹһ磬ס˰巵Щʪòɫǣӵ֣Сġ
ӻչȥʮָ̧ۣͷ죬Ҫˡ
˵ͤɱꡣ
ܵǽҺ£үվߵģҹµļá
һһϻУСϣҺãǻдѵʱ⡣
еͤӵһΣûԻûͨ
֪˶ã˵Ҽˣǰ
õһֱŵģʹͻˣ⣬޷һУԶǷǣȥһԧ졣ֻͶౡ֮˺ɽӣһ𸡳ҰŪˣԲ𡣡
ӵһˣ𡣡
ʱһ绮ҹգ¦һδε֣Ŵ֪̾Ϊ춼𣿡
˵Ϊˮ㱻ڼ硣
֪ߣҲ
ǰˣҲ֪
۾ͱӶһᣬѾˣս𣬶ٶʮﷻͬʹûˡʮ϶ɱɴ˿ʼѧűԼͼˣһһꡣۿŸĸ󱻹ؽܭǣĸÿһζϣȴֺܿʧűʵ򣬱ȽܴѾĽ֡ÿЩӿʱҶ޲Զźã̫ġ̫衢̫ʹˡ
Ͽ¦󲿷ʱ䶼ͤˮ淢ȻʱʱϿ̼С
ʵƽˮµİӿȡ
ΪʲôңýӣһжĴĸĸ޹ء˾ҵҰļ̫ˣֻΪԼı뵱ʵۣɱū˿ɳֲ֣֮Ҳ㶪ġӳˣˣڽ¿ʼĹʧȥ˺ܶ࣬㻹ҡĸסйѾйˣֻ壬ҵһ¼ңһж¿ʼ
ڵ̫˵˾ܲһС檷ĺᣬ֧ңӵϵѪԵԶζӿԶ붫ң⣬ֻڼȵɣǰ͸ȨҰļҹĶǣǶ£ȫˡ
ϵصûˣӶδ¼ϣҲЩãȻʧȥĸҵĻɻʵƿأֺݺݵ˻ʵۣңôܰҵҪ飬ӣҾиԼļҡ

138

ָ, ܼѡ
ΪڽܵĹ, ڰѹȥһ顣
ָܹһȱļܹжأ
һʱġˡ, ʮ֮ʹ, ǸһСȡ, ȴòɽ顢価ȥĽ, żһֵϸϸƷ, Ȼᡣ
Щӿͷʱ, ʱ޲³Ϊ˿ߵǸ΢֪Ů, , ֪޾, ԸǺ̵ͿģһȺŮɼڽֵΧӳ, š, żǳͶһʻ
³һȥʹ࣬һֱĬĬţڶԲݣ̫, һŬѰ, ȴܹȥӱ֮, ֪, Ӧöʧɡ
ʹĽֻܹܿԼ, ˭Ҳ޷ֵ
ѾǹȥǸŷҵĽСˣʮüͣԸҲǰ˼ڱ棬һۿ޾ͿޣЦЦʮʱ͸Ҵ󵨵ıסã㡱ڵӱˣԻĿ־ӱܣöû
ñĽܹݲеӣĸײ֪ʧʱ˻
㿸ǰеĿѺΣգûӣһٻˡ
ϿһֱΪʵϣвΪ㸶ľţһë
һֱΪԼػʵҴˣҵػ
ڣֵұˡ
˵㲻ʲôˣڣҡͻҲң¦úغԼÿŬӲͷ
Ӿõļһ䣬ᣬܼӲͷܷˡ
£ƿһҽ׼ʱӷ߿һ㶼У׼ӱߡˣӳ˳Է˯ͤźˮ㶡ߵֲŹ֡
ֻв粻¦ʱӲŸӾ
ӱãԼ֡γѣΣжûƯҲͰˣ֣
ðӵַϱ۹żϣģϲ첲ˣҲܰ㱧
ˣΪЦҲŲˡ
ðһѱתһȦ㿴ɵģһ㶼ۡ
˫ڿգ§õĲӣЩʹƺ˦ȥһЩ˿ʧ֮Һһ
üϲֱת¦꣬ͤкȹһ̥ңתתȻ꣬ͨ
һ
ʱܽǵôʳˣõ֮˯ĸ磬͡
źǷԷ֮߳꣬񣬡ø硣
öųԡ˸˳ִøûòͣںϣ½ɢͷҲᣬô£Źţںϳ
֮סˣʿ彲ǣԷʱ˵ʶøôˣǲҿڡ
ǰģ쿪ʼ˶ˣһꡣ
ЩɣСõܹ˹ָ衣
֮£ԹԵ裬˫
һŲһλãĺԣųԶ
֮ҡͷʾܾڳܲ˵Ͳ˵
һѰõϣԼˣ֮˲ι࣬ҪЩˣǱƭˣѣαԼϲţá
֮øźսսáԽԽڳԡ
ҡʳָ۹ûʣע¡ǸӣǸ¶ǸСͣŸտʼѾͷˣôαҲãŷңԼ񲻿գ
֮𡭡˻˵
˵ҴĵճӣҪ̳мҵ;λ˷ӡӺ͹¶ȫûҪѧ۶ôŬȲһָͷһӶҪڴӰ֮£
˫Ŀſգ˵Сõܣ˵ǿԼˣΪʲôҪߴ·Զڱ辶Լ·磬Ҳóαĸ
֮ҼҼҡ
˵ֿţܸɴȫû˴ɱøΡҵң˽ӣĸΪûУôںϳԸ;͸ˣ
磬ֲ֮ɵ٣㰡˵ߡܴ͡󡭡˾ͽش󡭡ࡣ
˼˵ܵ٣ܴͳ콭ϾӵĴ󽫾࣬ҪΪ٣ɶ¸ϳ
СõЩ˼˼Ƭ̣˵ǸײϲӣǸ¶ͣ߹;벻ҪˣǾƫ·ĳط£üΪ٣壬ĳΪһ֣ʲô
֮鷨˵ó飬Ͳˡ
һɢСõҲԣ䲻ԴǣǻдΪһ鷨ҡ
뵽˷ܣҾǲعȴòΪӡ
Сѧúѣѧһ˲顣֮ʧȥ˫ף£ɿڳԵıȫˣǰˣȻѭ浸ŬװԻ˳Цڳԣɴ൱С
Ժʰиʣʱֵ֮ںϣ½󿪣̻¶ѩ׵ĶƤŽ׼ϥϣͣĶɡ
ɶûǿ֡
˶ģͻȻͷ֮֮ӺϹ̽ͷҶ̤Ϻߵ񺽣Ҵͤȥ
ʲôˣ֮ʣףķŷҺ˵Ȼˣ
˴̫ٱԺ˸ȥ湫
̫ˣ
ҲôӺˣ̫һˣ̫û
˳ǡ
ϽЬҪ߶ȥӭ̫
֮һصӣʣ̫߲ƣ
˵˵СӲҪܡ
̫ģΪ̫ӸҺ˽ӵ顣ףº̫޹أô̫¦Ժˣ
æԼʰܹˣݼ̫ľ򣴨ϣʮ޸̫˾ܣѾһŮ
̫˵ٺںδ̫˵ħѾķΪٺ
ҵģ˵⳼֪ٺڡ
ںͤϺ˯ߣӵߣʵθ
񺽵ĽŲˣסõͣʣʲôˣ˻ûף֪˯һ
˯ϵ˯ҲΪš

139 ׽ڴ

, ̫ݵ
۱, Ӻ̫ƽ, ̫곤, Ǵɩ
Ӳҵ̫, æ𴲣̫ӭ̨, 羰á
ͷŮǶˮ裬Ž, źϴ
æչ, Ѵϵø
ױ̨ǰ, иŮҪȥ̱, æǱ, ȥ׽ӡ
Ůأȼһյ, һͭƵĵס, ֿɾʮȣȣóɶ궼ϲůĵطɣɵֵȿڸ, ᱻͷȼĺЧȥ, ԭʼõơ
Ůõƶգ, Ȼսȥһֻӡ
ʱӵͷ, ͷŮü, ŮԾ󹦸ɣõƣҪȥ̱졣
վǶ¡
˵ʲôʲôٹŹֵҪŮҲֻӣ׷£š
ϵƿӣЦӦȹȥˡ
㻹ʱЦߺ죬ɴʣӺųȥȥ̨̫Ůǻ᷵ɨ
˵ˣںͤкţûк·
Ӽô죿
òŲæ򿪴ûϵҿˮ·εȥ
ڲ˿峿ҡڵĴӹ뷿߳
˵ãˮʱһЩҪˡ
͵͵ĸоֱ̫̼ˣ̲ס§һǣҪϣͷžһŴ룬ӣŲܷ˲ڣȥ
࣬û˸Ҳ룬ôԷ
࿴ɢͷ¹ڲֱһǫ̃ϣ˳žһ¹š
ҿʲô
ʲôû
޲¦ѸղһĻϴɾ
粻׼ȵκΣյĶһֱߣ͵͵ӷҲǲеġ
ҺʮҶɱȥҶ˺Ҵǽ֪彫˽ڣæ£Ծҵ˿ɳ֮粻ڣͿԴΪΪ
ϰ䣬Сϰ𣬽ոʱ𴲣¦ԺֱԷȥˣȴδῴһĻ
ӾʧҵͷͰ͵ǳѣûԹҲܣĹйŮͬһң峿ص㲻峿ʲôʲô
һǡ
žһţаͷߡ룡
ɡﴫӵĺ
ವһţֻ¶ǿȥķ϶ȥɿţ˨ˣ
࿴ͷɢãֱӻҪżô߰
˴ˡָŴ񺽵ڴһŹ͢ʢװĹˣԼ񣬴ӵ̫ľ̤񺽣źͤ
˶ӣʱôˮ϶ᱻ˷ֵġ
ʱݼţûͻȻ룬ˮε԰ü
༱ĶͷǺΧֻͤһССķ䣬Űһ˯û¹ȿԲ˵ĵط
ָڴ£ҰѱӴڡ
÷̫ױʶˣ̫ˣɲ࣬ң
Ӽǣڴװ㵽ȥ
õ̫ˣа취
˵ʲô취
ױ̨ǰ
Լһյ̫ľ˺ͤ
񱾲֪һᣬҪŲ̫̊¡ʽ¥̫ͣţߵ·ȴм¶ǵͤסˡ
ͣˣ֣ɫһ˾ʹɾҲˣ
ûķⰡ̫̾ѣҪȥǱߡ
Ůæ˵ͤЪϢ¡
ǲƲȥ̨ңҲһ¦⡣ִ̫Ҫȥá
ţڴͣ£´꣬·ЩʪΪۣûл̫¦鷳ˣæȥ̺
ֵ̫޷ߣÿͷ羰οôĵ̺̣ͷˡ
̫ߣĵ˺󼸲ԼŮôû
ͷˮ㲻̫Ŀģô¦ճӶû棬ɳͷӿͣ
ҲŮǰŷңο˻̫۹λߵŮˡ̫˵һֱû̺󣬹ֻм͵ȵ̫λߡ
ŮӲڱԺ
ˣܣˡҵĴԼεء
Ů˵ҹټӣʲô飬ҹȥˣûлδ顣
ʣȥ
Ůӵ٣ūܹʵģǲ֪
ţӦңǴ粻ڼңֻиСõ֮ͷ˭˭ͷأ
첽׷ȥָˮɽΪ̫⡣
̫һȤӣһͣߣط֪ˣұض
ĵ̫ʲô˼˵ҵļҲ˾һ
裬˵¦ֻСұˣʹ԰Ӻݻ̬֮
̫ЦЦͷһת˵ܷ˺ӾڴСסôˣ
Ϊʲô̫ӸҶҵ飬ĸȥ˺ңֵüＦȮ֪ʣ
ԭˣ̫ǿֵġ
ѹסŭȥԭ̫ղģҵĸʹ
̫װĻл;
ʱͤܵȫˣᱡɴʣȼ¯ӹվӭ̫վڹߣŮ衣
⣬һɴּһѹٵ
̫롣ӽ̫λϣ̫ˣɽɫһס塷
塷Ĺ
Ц壬ƽ£ЩӰˡ
̫ͷʾ⣬ɣҲڰŹͻΧȱӪǵӢ¼ǵŮӢۣҺȥ˵ģӰӣЪ˼յüǲС
Ӧ꣬˵滰һɰͰ͵Ļ̫ˡѣҵ
񿴵࣬ǳԾô£ڵĲڣˡ
Ů˲裬һһϡ
̫һڣ޵㰡ƺкɻ㣬Ҳӵʲô裿
˵ѳƺõҶɻٺϻ꣬һҹóȡȻ֮ζ
̫޵ӡ
ָ̫ŵٵּʤ͢ʦΪβ¶ݣ
˵ҽ׸ּòս𣬻˹۾

140 ĸͷ

ּͷż, ȹһ, ·Ҫ¦ˮ, ˬˡ
ɴڶ, סڱǣڰ, ˮ䵴ͺɻҶ裬֮, Ŀ
ڼ䣬ĵܴ۹Ҳ, ϵּʵѵ, ɫվѣϧòСõ֮ʲôãϧǸС͡
ǹƽģ˺ôҪ˴, òͲŻ, Ҳݡ, ֻԴ, ʲô
һˡ
̫к, ּǺηϣʦӺˣʦ
ָּԼ, ҡҡͷ
͵ɤӶ٣ǲ˵ˡ
̫̾ǿϧֿ
ּҲͬ飬ּ¶üĿǸǵ˰ӯӯһա
ּüּ˵£һס塷Ҳ
̫ѵ ¦Ǹ˵ĵطʺҿɫ󣬾ļѣѾˣ
һ˯ܲ쾫ˬ
ӲΪѪͳĻʼҹ࣬ͻΪ¦Შ񣬡ҩδϣǰöˡ
̫ڿʼˣȻѾûд󰭣ʱعˡ
ӣع
û𣿽ĻʹʲôϵѪͳѾǳԶݣȥҸʲô
̫ףǡҽˣǷϵĿͣġ˵˾ҶǸʵۣ˾ܲĺ(һ֧ǵŴ̫˵һ֧檷)һˡǻݵΨһĹѪս⣬ϣһֱɹʾɲܷչţ念ˣһֱӹסأ
Ȼܷ˰ѹΪϱչ˵ĺܺã¦ԺҲԶʤʹʺϺܸмܷˣѾʹ͵Ըлܷ˵ϣͬʱҲӹع¦ãǹļҰ
ԭǴ⣡
ӲŲ̫Ĺ¦ңһ۱ֻǵλʵۣ̫Ӻ̫ѹţҲܻʵ۽ʲôĿģǾס̨Զ¦
̫˵û̺󣬹мʸ˵ɳ̫ӻع̫˵Ϊˡ
кȥ̨ǣҵҵĸӹ
жα˱ƹľʲôûƹ̫ʲô
ЩˣһЦ˭˵ﲻҵļңѾ¦Ժ׸ˡ֮أסססãסá
ӻѻſھ
£
ࣺɶʱ׵ģһ󷽰
ּã࣬Ĵ󵨵Ľű࣬˵׸ˣô¦ԺӴ˾ģܽӵס
̫һҭʱŪȨ¼ţֻûϵصķ˻ſ񣬾ȻݵıԺŪˣ
̫ţδ£ʵѲ
ָ̫񣺡ȻѾǹĵطΪҶһڴˣʾӲעŮһδŮܺסһ
񰵵ʲô£
ӲŲæŶҾͰ˲ܷˣҪָ塣
̫񣬡弼г̫ٲȻԼӵĴɩġСõѧϰ
ɵȻᵽĸˣôԲѣ˵ϰв⣬ʱ΢ɽ󡣡
ؼʱ̣񿿵סϾǰģ׵˵Ƥѻǣǵ춨ҵĹѧһƬƤë͹ˡ
̫ģ˵ʼ˿Ҳʱˡ
ӶףûʱͽɣҵʦҲָ㣬ѧ˵Žţʦͳ
ӳЦʱһЩǳգǿģû뵽֮ң䣬ЩնóҲţʦѧһЩϣѧϡ
˵պЩķˣȻ¿ԺҾʱ¦ٹѹȥѧĶʰ
ŰϵķɽԾϰ츳ԶڹҲһ첻־
һʦɡ
֤ʵ¦Ժ˽լ
̫̫˵۸һת˵Ȼ¦Ժǹ֮أȻδޣ̨ǲǹļҡԴʹδ̨סһ졣̨๬δ깤ʱڹ⣬̨ǹҴ󹦸ɣѾΪѡƻһӦúˣ͵Ƚսӹȥ
̫ùѹӣѾͼذĵزδ޵Ĺڹӣ¦ӵ˽ΪǻȨȨҪӰᵽȥ
˱ƹǰ˱Ƴ⣬ӱ˱ƹǰƵȥ
Ȼϴ·磬ӾͲ̫ǿˣû֮ƣ̫ˣһֱңҺǸжֻ죬̨ȣ¦죬ѾסˣͻȻطһɲǰ˲ܷЩӵϤչˡ
ӰѲɽƾڶʲôλô÷ľڡ
ڶλȻʲôزأ̫Ӻ̫ڹ磬ҪԼݼ磬֪̫Ӻ̫ǾǳޣݳҲֻвܡ
̫ҲԸ𱬵Ĳ磬컹ոմʮĥҡأѲǼˣʲô鶼óƵòȥĸӣҶҾȥ¥գҲ֪͵δˡ
ֻ̫˵ˣҵˬˣӹ̨ǡ
Ӷ̫΢Цͷ̫ΪҲˡ
塷Ѿּʼࡶƿ񡷣רᣬȫӡ
ƿ񡷵ĹɽײײߣⰻȻȻԣ񲻽ߵŲ豭Ĵ࣬գּ費ҵĴá
ĿּԽԽɴ룬ݡûбư֪ͣʲôء
ƿ񡷽˵ĻϿһ
̫˴ּ͸һ׽ˡ
ּվлõȹڿȹ˫ȣֻѰŮӸһЩ
̫Ǳӣ¦֮УȻûܽӻعźĺܾˣú÷羰ȵĺò裬úԺһ᳣ŹҲҪ鷳
˵ſ׻ôᣬ̫æڹˡʱתһתɢɢġ
̫˷׷վ̫͡·ּʱͣסŲּɴǶ¶桪ûдҲûж˼ҵŮҲͭ׹ΣּǰӦóţΪûУ
ɴһֱǰסõĺᣬڸԱļȻһŮҪ
ѵǸݵĺ
̫ɴµȤҿϵˣ͢ҽҽܹ
æ˰̫Ѿûˣ̫ۡ
̫Ҫ޷ʧ֮ժɴ
ּǫժ¹ڶߵɴֻ¶˶õһ̫ŵˣˤһѷסˡ
ּиڴİ̺ۣһֱ̺۵ɫʵΣ滹һ͹ĺ衣

141 ҽ

ɴ, 
񰸰ϵķΡ
ݵĸԼݣ
ôױ, ֬ˮۺīȵȵ, ͿĨ, ǿ̱ɴЧӻŵͷһ¡
̫ŵûʧɫ, ɫҵŮæѵּҪһǶ, Ż̫
෴Ӧ죬һסŮ߾ٵ, ıԺ, ҲڴҰ
һŮ󼸺ҪˣƱ磬ֻвҽеķݡ
̫˵ס֡
ûţӡ
Ӷ̫˵̫֮ǰ˵ˡʧ֮Žҿɴ, ̫, ѵ⻰
̫ҧҧ´, ˵ҹܽ޷, Ůƾá
ӳͷ, , Ůʹڵˡ
˵ּҵˣŮ̫ˣǹܸԵġֻһС£̫Ҳ˵ĿģαΪֵòɢֵá
̫˵ˣһٺһꡣ
ŮлӺ̫
̫Žɴȥּּʵжˡ
ĵҲжһ޸أ
ӿ˵ּãв֡͢
ְ̫֧ͷӻһ̫¦Ժͷβ߲ܷˡ
ȥ˳֮ؼң˭֪֮Ӳע⣬СĵĹԺӱɷŷҵ֮ܺøĻˣҲҾ档
԰գ֮Ьˮºȥˡ
֮ϲ̫ѹ֣¶֮档
СУܸܵ˵̸ϲֻǾһ峤չ˱˵ѣöԣĸӻϲڼҡ
֮Լˣ¶įֲ˵ᱻ֪жİǡö֮֮Сͣ˶Ϊܵĸ˫Եʣʵûô򵥡
ӹס̹ÿɫ
һߣȥжױװ䣺ô£ֻǡǾ
ǳԹרҵ׽ڴִ̼ǵһΣӳԿϾܹˣǱ˹ҩˤͷӲ̫á
ӽ͵ͻȻȥҺ÷áܹط̫꣬ˣ˺ܾã֪˯ȥ
ϵͲ֪Сˣ˯һô֪޾ǹģѽô˵㣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ԶǲͷɢŴһĻ൱̰
˵ҲʵӺðҡ̲ס
༱Ҳܡö鶼ȥˣ֮飬ֹ񡣡
˵ûУֻ˯һ𡣡
ࣺ˯һ˻ûУ
ӣֻ˯ûӵ顣
ජӵ۾ģ
ɵںϣҪһ飿
һ㶣ȻһЦһɣӦ̫ӣּô޳ɵҾͷˡǹȥ㣬ս˭޷ֶΣ𣬻ЩҪ
Ц㲻ϲ˵ң
æϲʲôӣ㶼Ψһѡֻϣָ䣬ǰŪˣҿȵҪȻһӵġ
ӺǺЦò𣿡
ðɣΨ
ʣܸأ˵ܷðȱҲΪܼ󣬿ջݺ;ݣǹɡ
ΨҸһ£ΨһŮѡ
ӵҲǡ
ӶЦ
жױ»Բߡ
˵̫˵Ҫ̫ع϶ѪͳΪȹ̵λҪ㡣ТֵͣҲ̫˵㵱ȥ£д󳼣ԶԿҸ
ӵͷ֮ң̫˵Ҽöˣ֮ǰãһǸλãͱ̰ҪȨա̫˵ۿҰģȴûιı¡Ȼ˾վߡò׿һͳϡľ棬ܱڶȨ̫˵۸ˡ
ཫɽһģ¦˭㣬ҵĽ𲻴Ӧ
ӺĿã˵㣬˭ޡҸ̫˵˰ᵽ̨ǣֻǻ֮ơȵ죬Ӱ̫ߡ
Ҳӣ̫˵۷ԲТ̫˵޵ҡҵĸ󻼣϶ͻңضӳѡҸ׿Ĵ֮ӡ㲻õģ˭Ҹ˭ѵ˶ˣȻ˸ҵʱҺ͸һ̫˵ʩѹҪƣ״Ҵͻ顣
ȷƿضȨҴ˵㣬ܡҹ͢ӵĻ²ֵܲģӵĻ±̫˵ƿء
Ҫǿ̫˵۴ͻɲԣ
ԡĻͺǰĲܲ١˾ܲûκˡ
ϺˡҺôҺõԸʺϸͳսΨһĿŽһ⸴ʵ룬ܵĻĴǿʢ򵽽ȥ⸴ԭؽѾΪƽصǡ
Юֻңѻҳױɿܣ߲ܲ١˾ܲ·ѾɢڧȥƱػһʿʧվӣĶǡˣľӻԭʱܶɽսأ
ĴҪһ¶⣬ܻ֮оͰɱԣԼˡ
ˣú̫еıŲΪ̳ɻոոĴңȥҺìܣùҡ
ΣӺöҪǲԼͬѡϡ
˵ϣʵܹʵҪˣӼ޸㣬Ҳķġ
䣬˵ܸࡣ
⣬
ˣ໹ὣȥܸ
δһߣӺþͱһ𣬾Ǻۣѷ֡
ôȤһڣ֮ؾͳΪģҾͺĸһѵĳ֡
²üͷҼǲֻҪܹסӣɶԸ
ָƤҲԽԽ񣬡ֹһѽǡȫŪˡΣ
ҽ
ܸںµ֪࣬˷񺿽УܸķңԶ֮ˮϷˮֻһ첼ڳڱˮмɵ
Сãûзܸͣ롣
֮Ҳûзֻͣǲںˡ
ˣңܼҪˣ
ܸæûУ޹ء
ҪдհСȡһڶͷϣȻҲ붯Ǵ̵ʱֿɲȲȡɣҪǶȭţ
ܸҡͷҪ
ʣҪ䣿Ҫǣ
ܸҡͷۿĿˮ֮ϡ
ࣺˮսԭ˶óý̽ҡ
ܸת࣬˵кܶýȥң˵ýȢš
ҡҸ˵ҲýȥҡҸײϣ˵ܼǽţ䲻򣴨ʿţýȥ϶ᱻܾȡ衣ײҾԼ㣬㣬ҪˣɲԼ޸ң

142 רҵ

Ұ㵱սֵ, 뵱ҵɷ
ԹרҵԹζĹ
õ÷ƾԲճɾĹֺҰͷͷĹӶ󰮵ɱమѷ޹˯ͬһµֵֹ칷԰԰, ȻʼԲˡ
Ĭ, ԣ̫, 磬ҪʱԲ
ܸʱҫ۶Ŀ࣬ˣ޷԰Ρ֪, ȥýӦ࣬ǸʱҺͽȨ
򣴨ܼҪļ, ҲܸҪʿŮӡȻܸĸܷùְ֮ƽУʿͺ׼׼, ʿͺָͨ
ʿճŮ, ǾŮӢ, ֹܸˣֱɺʵǵ
Ȼ, Ψһʵƽ׼ݵĶ, ܸŲɹʵס
֮ǰһֻڡһĲе֪֪ˡ֮, ܸƽ, ̳Ͽ˹־, Լͷ­
ɣٱ׹ˡ
ܸȴĻش
̫ˣˮһսﴳǧ˵ѡһս֮˵׵˼ﲻŮӵ˻䣬׽ѰĸҲΪѡ˼ҡ
ŮӢҲҪ飬ĸ˵δΨһҪ󣺱뱣֤ȻɱУԲܽ׹ңΪΡ
˾ʿ塣в˱ʾͬ⣬ǸĸͬЩǿҪٿ
ԷȢĳ⣬ֻʮ꣬Ҳ١
ҶδŮҪͿܸ֪౻ôʿȢźᣬͷСܿҪˡ
ڻܼ࣬һ飬ûټ
ڿˣ㡢㣬ղʵ⣬Ƿ㡢Ը޸㣬ʵ˵ҴСҵĿгһܹҵͲǼӡ
ܸĿȥûϷˡ
ںµʯϣ¦ˮᲨＦɵ֮ĿЩã
ǣҪд󵱻飬Ů󵱼ޣ˳ҵã˭Ӳĸ˵ҲޣһӵҲͦãרעϰգûк֮ǣûмۡǸĸԣ˵δǰԼܸҳȥ̣˵δʵڹȥҿԺ룬ɥҲν
ѡɥ˵ƵᣬܸþһʿŮӣ
ܸ㲻ŮֻҪ˻仹飬ʧߣҪǲëΪµŮӢۣҲŮҪһλ飬ʧܻɥżûϵһҪȻŻΪϿɵģһˡΪʲô
ܸ룬Ҳ֪ҴûЩֻһ뵽޸ˣѹĺ޲Ͷ
һ뵽ӣֵ︡˾㡣ҳԷʱ򣬻ϲϲ·ʱǷҲֵ̤˯ʱ򣬿ҲʱǲǺһͬһ
ࣺ˰ɡʡ
ܸĬŻæ͵ôûסŮҸı䲻ˡǣҾԲְѻߵһˡҾȢӣԼļңҪõķЩɥż顣
ܸҲ޸㣬㽫Ȣúù𣿡
⡣
ܸ˵ҴδȢ֮Ůˡ
ࣺ˵
ܸ˵ûֵġҲΪʧȥѰٻǸˣɽι̣кңΪдССҪӦûڼƻ֮ǰսĳս֮ϣʬ
⻹Ǹʵġ⣡
ܸԼһ£˵Ը޸ң˶һعӷ˵ͷ֮⣬䡣Ȼһ䣬ҾóɼҺҵìܣ룬ЩĴ󽫾Ҳжмңǳ֮սҲԡ
Ц̫ˣǸŮˣ֮һỳУӵġ
Ϊ࣬ʱƵᣬ̸۽Ρ
ܸһ죬㲻һֱڻСӰ̥ʮ£㽫ӣൢꡣ
ָܸͷ
㶼ǽˣҪȻôѿڶӡ
ܸС˼һӱ޲¦֮һϺ
Ȼˣ˵˵ˣɣԺû˵ˡ
ܸ˵ţһһŮŮһӶܳҳӪǳĵؽ磬ͷһӽܳ
ܳЦֶˣЦЦţͻȻе㶯ô£
ܸͷ˳һ֧֦ȥԻţǵģһ뽫䡢оҽˮսѵˮսԭͽϵսϣܳ޵У
ֻЦûܸ˵ȵ򲻶ˣѡһطּĶء
ϲСϵҲϲ԰⣬ҶֵûȤϲоͷǺóԵģġ
̸ܸĿڣãһӣиСԺӣֻèһ
࿴ܸ
һ˲䣬ܸͨٴθĿڣһֻè
һ桰򡱿ɽҲο顣
ܸ룬һֻèһţһֻȮԵʱǣš
һԺҪһǼҵּҴӣִ𡣡
ܸ˵ãһӣˣԵʱ˹áЩݲݾͱˣó棬ҧǵﱲ
ҲϲСӣյ˸ܵܣСӿûûˣˡٴδϵҲẬŪ˭˭ҵֻ徲һЩ
ܸ˵ãȻûСӣǾڸСڼҾܵ㣬컹ˮ
ͷãϵûˮɲС
ܸ˵ȥȻǰͷ
ʲô࿴ܸϣһ
ܸ˵˵ͷϵķޣߵһЩˣȥ
ܸ򵥵˵һȻ;ˡ
꣬˸˵ýȥҼסһ˵Ż֮
ܸʱɵˣ
˵Ҷһ㶯ġ࿴еˣʿ嶼ν

143 츸ĸֵ

ܸವشʯվ, һΡ
һƽܸĵˮˣһ㣬ûΡϽؼҺ㸸׵, Ļ
һЦ, ܳûˡ
ֻ
УѡܸΪ, ȥߺӡ
ܸˮĻŭţ֮ι㡭ôôˣ׽󡭡ˣ
ܸ֮İ, ǣ׽ϱ㳤, ֪׽ϱȴġ
֮һ죬ҡҲŲҪϱ
֮һͷԽˮ㡣
˵̨, Ӻ, űƿ, ֱ࿴ӵĳ档
һ, ֿ, ԺһҪǵȹţ
඼棬ӵɶ˵, һ¡ղܸ顣
ӣ
ࣺҴӦˡ
ӣ
ࣺҪȥ͸ĸ˵¡ġ
תҪ, æܹȥ, ſڣУͷβôһṦҪܸˣ㲻˵ʳѰ
öݵ𾪹侲ʦͬţѧ䣬һֱ൱ʦõģԿ˵ܸȢǲЮͼΪǴǽΧܼ֮ҵĶʽҲ԰㻹ԡɱ
һҲż˼ͷȣͷԷȣ侲
õȥ׷ܸһлü
һסõĸ첲ܼЮͼýȥǼˡܷŻ֮ؾܸȢܸ¦ҡ
¦һδľ˵ˣҾü޸ܸһõľܼʵ룬Ҳܺϲһ𹲶ֶΪ
ӾˣʣϲܸղŲǻ˵ܸΨѡ
ܸ˵δǵһӽܳԼǳʱӵַԼؿಿλҶˡЩϲ޸ĻҲֶܾ
йƵĽԼĶ˲䣬ƽǽ˵Ĺ¡
ӻǲţ㡭㲻ϲӰ
磬аŮӣ
ľϲһ˾ﲻͣΪ䣬ϲһղ룬ַǷ֮룬а򵥵˵ǲӣҲꡣ
һ䵭ӣɶ
ӣӦôϲ
Ƴһãʵ㡭벻룬ţ
ü˵һ㣬кöಿλ
һ˵ȳȥŮ֮˽̸һǱˡ
ӵ߳䣬ţŵ硭͡
촽ŲӣǻشһǼѵ⣬סҲСסҲСΪʲôһҪ죿ط𣿡
˵¡ˡϣ
üͷˣ䰸ֳʱŵȫðͷĺ꣬ʵ޷죬ס
ʵôʱʲôӦǸػų⣿
ࣺûҡﶼûס
Ӽ˫ȭձ߻ζǱȢôû㣬ֻǹ˵
ࣺš
ӣأûʲô磬㣿
˹ȥѧõƣѧõ˳ԡܹ˵Ŀ⡣
ҡͷûУʵûôۿҡܸоģҲܸоҵȷģ͹ˡ
Լʶ̫ǳˡ䣬Ϊÿ˵ĸǲһġ
˳ļ򣬡ȥ͸ĸú˵Żˡ
˵ģСǶҵģƳŵ֮ĸҲǺʿĺһֱ𾴵ĳ
ݣ̩֮ɽϣʿ塣ĸϣϣűʹλ֮λҲǺš
ߺ÷أЩǣ̧ͷŮͷȢϱʹʿͺͨ飬ǺŮ޸ʿУʿŮ¼޺зëǰ
˵۾λܸعӣֻӵһλοܼܹƱɱУʿģҾܸͦϣ
ֻŵڣúŵԡ
ܸǱߣܷٴȢĻжЮͼ飿ܼŵͣҲΪʸŶ֮Σ
ܷõĵһӦҲΪֶܸΣ԰֮࣬ΧЮͼ
ܸոմ¦˸·ͷʪģŲǣûУˡǶһƬ˹˵ѣӾ
ܸ˶ģҹŮӣ˭вܼҳ֮ΧǴ⢡аŏ|ʱҲҵĲҾ񣬴ȫʤѾ֮Ƿܼҡ
ܸ˵ҲеʵܷõȻΪȢʿŮŮӢΪޣֱζ벻顣
ܷһİ͵ܼðˣڻĸȥס
ܸø׵ˣл׳ȫ
ܷڴֵģлûãÿ´𲻴Ӧ
˵ؼңԶܵ۵Ŀֱħ
ĸסϰ顱Ķӣӣǰϧӣڼźӡ
ÿԶһЩΪǽлҪ͸ĸ˵ò߽˸ĸԺӡ
ĸױſһ۱߱ߺ壬һԸżǲǶˣ㿴Ƭ
˵ȥҪºǽ
ҵĵλҵĵλǼƼ
ⶼƾʵȡõļͥλûɱ˰ΧȦȥȱҶᱻġ
ĸвᣬǰճŮ˵Ҫѿֵ۱ߡ
˵ĸײһֱҵĻ£һҪҸôѾҵİ취ˡ죬عܷûŵճӽعܸףʱǴӦǡ
ºͷܼˣ˭ף
ҡָԼһ˭ܲ۰ɡڳأǸк
̱ںϡ
±ϾǾսˣ̻ععǽ塣
˵ƽֲ׵ľλȽع
£ʿ壬ӵĺᡣ
ࣺӵĺΣѧѧˡһҪöȥ𣿡
ŮСԼ뷨ִƫƫţͬӽԲ̾߹ǾŮӢۣ˾Ӧü޸ŵԵӣŲû㰡
ʵ޸˭𣿡
³ĬĬˣǸŮǸ˲뵱˰
Ц룬Һþ츸ĸֵܣοѾˡҲǿĸףҪôܸŮҪôڼһŮҪѡʲôҶԽܡ
˳ιȥˣȥд½סŮϲܸ𣿡
ȡ˴ĽѵҪԺ֫ʾϲ䵭ģ׻ܸ޸С
˵ϲܸĴ
¡һˣԭء
Ϊ׻Ӳ˵ǴҲס

144 ǰЭ

ʱºһɴε, üŮ֮
ɨһŮС, ǡ㡭ˣ
Ψһܹܸɡ
ҡͷ, ûСӵ顣
¼Ҫ, һδĹô֪Сôģ
˵ҡ
ºŮ˵ʲô֮, æ, СӵҲ׼ʲôײףǵĲǵ, ׼˵
൭ͷ, ˵֪, ˵Ͳ˵ĸ׻ţȥҪ򡣡
´ʱӰ, ﶼ׼ȥĸףȥˡ
³, 
˵ףǲסҵġд
µҪǸ̤Ű벽ҾͰܼҸӺߣ
ͷһϲ, ǽˣ
˵ҴӦ, ̤Ű벽븸װŴ, ĸ׶ȵιȥ, űȽ졣
£޷, Ǳεġѵһû
мѬıɲ, ժ˼ƬҶˮĸ׹ȥ
ʺһƬתѣﰡҸղ˸جΣҿǸΣζǷġ
ĸ˵ӣи׻ͷȥдɣĸ״񾭣֪󻹻һΡ
½Ҫڸţ˵ܼҷҪ׵飬˹Ȼιȥˡ
ԼľֱҪ̫
գԴ𣬲͡
ഩŮװʮִ˫٣ʢװ硣
¶ԽӴܷܸӣҪ棬׼ͷ¶档
۾λعܷñƽֲ¸ȼأܷ飬ף͵˼ҹŮġ
ܷǰݺݿһͨӲͷƤ⣬ƽֲ㿴ѶѸһԣشȮܸȢ
ͬʢװܸһݡ
շת࣬һҹδߣ۵һȦ֮ɫܸһ֣¡ŮӲͬץܵʱץһѶ̵ʱͿʼϰˡ˻ûнߡ
·عŮʮ꣬Ϊ˸ŮһƬɳɳգΪףҪס׵ѹ
ÿÿ츳Ů᲻ýŮɱҡУȥӭ׶ŮӵҪһͳʿŮԶԼҪڰ޳ȥ͹̼ŵڡ
˺ܾãԼĹԶԶǧ⼸˶ȴǧͲδ޴Ӹ޴ӷҪڸ׺ɷıӻ²ܵõŮӡ
һ޶Ҫǵľ㹻ҫ
ȻˣķͲÿŵڣֻҪƷ˲Źأܹ֧Ľҵ롢Լϲˡ
һϺԼ˵Լܼס
¶ܸ˵ʮѮһֱΪʦ̵Ҳûйǵе˱ص˵Ů󵱼ޣʹ㲻ᣬҲҪΪҸȢҰѳ˵ǰͷԼ¡
ֵܸƽֲ뽲
˵һｫ޵ܼңܼҸǣǸŮβǽعӷˣŮɲֻӡ
ܷܸͷȻ
˵ڶܼҰڼɣŻ¾Ͳˣ룬ҰӻǴӴ˸İա
ܸæ˵¾޿ܣ
ܷҲӴƱｫҶϱҲܼһԱ󽫣⻼һжѣˣ½սʤȮӣðڼ廨裿ȻҪżѶѸһġ
ܼҴͷβûȥ֮Χ֮£ûЮͼ¶ܼҶøУƷܼǹصģǲΥԡ
ʵҲкĺôرȹʿ壬ʤʵûôء
˵ཫ޵ܼңȻҵŮΣգҪȱţԻҰһ
ܸϽӦҽŮһ͹һ
ܷҲ̱̬ܼҲᶦ׼ҡؽ֮á
Լ֮ý˵ļ֤½˸˺ϰ֡ƻˡ
һǶס
ܸ׵Ϣ𾪽ǡ
ةֳƺãҺܼҵǧԵһǣҺܼҽϣϱںϣԭʿͽŻͨΪ̸
ˣһδŮȼ֮֮мȫˣ֦Ҷï˿ڶ࣬ͽϱںϱ
ϱʿ壬⿤½ϡ
½ҵ½ѷʱĽܹκˬɱ˹𣬴
֮½ɫӣ½½ԶΪ͹ְˡƮ˶ˡ԰ʮѡȦӣ򣬿ϧ½ֵܱ֮ң̱ɱҲϵĻͤء
⿤½ϵ峤½棬½̫ξ
½½ȥͣѼ弸òͲŻнйס
Ϊд½棬ҪѼõó㡣
ȥ¦ýл͡
š˽סˣҲܣ㰮ôŶУҪȢӹġ
˵Ҫףֻ͡
绹ǲϣöô֣˵ͺ꣬׼öסҲС׼
ԴǾܾûа취ֻ˶ΣѴ
ͷɢŻ¶Ƥһк£
һŵģȥϴ裬йţҪʧ񡣡
˦˦һͷƮݵ˿ҾȻȥΣŲһαǫǫӡ
ˤ豭Ҫٿӡ
һݣ
½渰磬ϯ䣬ָԼ߸ſ˵򣴨Ϻͽܼʵһ׮¡Ҳ⿤½ԺҪ˱˷ֵô壬ǶǴˡ
ϵӸ˧ܶӣСĿϯ߸˸ۣţۡ
½һһȥĵճòУҲڳǼ֧½룬ة治˼ԼòصʵʵģҿһۣҪҾԼҵŮ޵˾ˡ
½۹ߵĺܡ
½л˵Сɽ³ɰĴéͳݲܷһ½ССҸֲ
ܾջǸϺȻЦǺǵĺȲ̸
˭֪½֮Ϊ˼ζ֮һ˵θʵݲԭʳ½óĶڻΪǣþܾƼòò˳ȥθʾԣϽҡ
½ؼҺк̲дһŸǸˣȴԭĹ
ţЦãæ˲εȲƷȥ½ң̾м嶼Һܼôݰ֮£ǿ󲻵á

145 ־

ܸĻڶ꿪ʮ
¸а, úһ˼, 겻׼ܸ˽¼ˡ
, û, ҿԺܸԼ¦Ժ棬ӵĵ, ˽¡
ڴӦס
ӿܸʶһꡢ״վ, ٶ»ڣҪ, ʮ÷, ǧط, ת˫Ǽ, ÿҪ»£˴Ƕ
ѽ, ˺˲ܱȣӻΪҵ־ͬϵܸ, ԼĻ, ˵, Ӿ, Ͼ, ûð첻顣
ӵĻ±̫˵ƿС
, ̫˵ѾΪɫѡ͵̫ӽӵ˾ҵһ£飬Ϊãӡ
̫û񣬱ȣ˵ˡ
̫˵룬Ҿ͵ȵɡ
û뵽ģܸඨ׵Ϣͻ齨ǡ
̫˵۱ŭΪѽعܸӵ
ܼǽ壬ˣǽľңбսպգ̫˵ǣةҪӡ
ľȨ󲿷õУ̫˵ܷܸӶԿԼϵ
ӹ£ܼõʹ̫ͣ˵û뵽ܸȻඨˣ
򣴨Ϻ϶ԭʿ壬һġ
޵ܼңôܼҵ᲻ƫ
Ͼĵճʦͬţϵһ㰡
̫˵ۺúڣûмʱܸܼ֡ҸΨһֵܹܵ˰
̫˵ʱ˵̫
Ҷ죬̫˵˾̫˾Ϊ϶ţõĳֶͽ⣬ϾìٴҲҪһ¶⣬ǰ˺һԻΪء
Ͼ̫ʢи˱Ҳĵܡ
̫˾ܰݼ̫˵ۣʣһ͸¸°ʮڣҼ磬
ĸ׽ӵ̨žۡ
ϴº󣬸ʱ½⣬ϻ˸طϪŵһʼұԷԷ
Ȼסڹ⣬ֻǰǻʼӡ̫ӺͶʱȥ̽ĸס̫˵һûȥ͵ûˡ
̫˵۱ܸȢ֮¶գ˿̫ӲǣҪ᷼ԷǸˣ̫˵кɫ;ܾˣС
Ϊʲô̫ᵽĸϾʹѣӹμӼ磬жϣΪʲôҵĸײһϯ֮أ
̫˵ۣΪļˣ黹ɷļ޺ĸ׺ǰͷĺһϡϺ˾ûκιϵ
̫ӱ粵ĸײļޣǡ˱ļޣѾǸԶ߸߷ɣûкԲһֱ׵ģΪ
죡ỹãһ̫˵۸ջ𣬡ţ͵͵ʲôҶңй¶ɨءʯͷԼĽţ˰͸ڳдȨգڼﻹѱҵĿܣô޴Ķӣ
̫˵۾ãû̫Ūɳ׾ϵͱˣ񴦴ĵز
̫˵۹̫ӣ̫Ӳ븸ԺҪٽĸΪˣǼˣʲôأʲôأУΪʷǣҳ㣬ûϵҶɵ˾Ȼĸס
̫˵Цˣ㻹֪ڸģһĴһͿأ
̫ӱԽԽʣ길һ˿֣ĸΪķϣʺļޣʵڲУԶԶڹ⣬Ҳδɡʱôǻʺ۸ĸӶһжǸʵ겻Ϊɵģµ񣬲ʳˡ
̫Ӱ̫˵۵ֱ߲ӽˣ
㵱ƾʲôζƵͷϣǸ
㣡̫˵ۿŭָ̫ӣˣӽ𣬽̫ӽ㶫ٲú÷ʡԼٸޡ
̫ӻҪΪĸȡǿˡ
©ƫҹꡣ̫ӶˡҺ֮·磬ĶӶĶӣ̫Ӽ̳лλõĿܡ
ѵ˾ҵĻʵ۾Ӳܵ
̫˵۳̾
̫˵룬ҲܾĿܣҵټһֻ֧ҵĳ͢Ա
ôó͢ԱͶҵĻأ
̫˵һ취
糯̫˵Ҫԭ򺺹
ʲô̫˵۷ˣĿǰƾ賤գոջϢĻᣬԭҲոհΣǿҵĶôŴֲҡУѴֲļ۸ȥŽΣۿҪգǸǮʱôͻȻҪ̣
ܴù˭
װƣ͵̫˵û˵仰Ⱥ඼ƼĹְڣ˺Ӧ̫˵۱
̫˵۲ô࣬ԼֻҪոɽĻӣһܹЩżصԭĹԱԴҾ£
̫˵۲ĳĬڳз׼ϭģݣأٴ
̫˵ټͬʱ󳼴ڲ׼ݡ
ڲû취ҪǮҪʳ
һ̯֣ǿյģ⡣Ҳֱ֧ʵûǮ
̫˵һĶˣ͢мĹԱֱ֧ǸŴſ׵̫˵ȥȴֳһݴ˱ûУԭȥˣô
̫˵ֻѣûбĴ㣬ֻһڻʵۣҺĳӰˡ
̫˵۵ĿѾﵽָŴڲҪ׼ݴֻʲôûս˱ˣڲնʾڣ
ڲôĪͷأѪ
ڲΪıڹ̫˵ɻ̨ˡ
αɢˡ
գ󳯻ᡣ̫˵۵ĸ࣬˵£ڲԩһжǽعܷõĴûϴڲＯݡ
ڼУ
ܷոո˵żõĻ£ܵӰ죬ڳб߲ܷö̫˵쿪ҲǶϷû̫˵۵ַϭġ
ܷøҪվԱ磬ةվˣ˵£ǳĴһ࣬һݶûгﱸǳĹʧȥְ֮
̫˵ǸְͬˣС͢Ҫɢˡ
̫˵ֻΪԼı־Ҹ̨£˵ةĴ޵Ĵ̫ļոԭûпǽϵʵдＺگ
Ǻⳡ־̫˵۵Ｚگճ̫˵ͨڣȷջҺԿĴ󳼣͵Э
ʮ壬̫ڽ˽ųˡ
һþ̫ӺȲ衣
̫ЦЦİɣıĸױ
˵ʱı־磬̫ڶѾ֪һֱжΣֻԼĻҸθҰѽɽ̫Ӳһ̫ƣТ˳ĸף̫

146 ޶ȣӢ

̫˾ʢƢ, һǰ, õ̫ӵ˵Ǹ, ̫ӿ϶ᵱ, ֪ĶӣҲ
, ̫ӱֳĬ, ûָá
Ϊ˸ʧܵıҸڳԩĴڲ, б͢ȸļ޵ĸ, ̫˵۶û𣬶ֻǹ, ӣĪø顣
ǰ̫ӻ̫˵װģ㱱ѡںĸ󳼡ȻôڲǸֶΡıԣһڲʲô
Լǲ֪۵ġ
ĸʼղܻص̨ǣԼΪĸ׿飬ʴһͨ, 㶫, ̫Ӿ, żԸķС
һǰôݸסЧ¸סϣﵽףھжôиס, ס
Ǵ˵ĳɳ, Ψ۵ڷ, ݸ׵߱, ҵңΪһڸ֮ˡ
⣬ΪĸǸ׳ա
ü̫ӳĬ֪ȥˣһѻ𣬡µ̫ӻףֻҪϻǻϣ̫ӵĸ׾һ޷̨̤ǣҲܵõ⣬Զˡ
̫Ӽѵ˵ϾҵĸǴĸƾӹ󣬽δûлᡣ
ò̵Ĵ̫ӵϣ̫ӵĸ׽ӵ̨ȥ͵ڳϵˡ̫ӣϴ𣿲ᣬֻƸˣԶǱ˵Ĵ
ڻϿԹʺ͢ϵĴʺΪ˶סϻ̨ǵ·ļޣǻʺʼ֮ģǻʺĴͷβŮ˵Ĵͻʲôϵ
ȻûдΪʲôҪģϽӵ̨ǣ֣ǳԼԹ֮𣿡
̫ӣΨеʵۣܰϽӵ֣͢Ļš
̫۾һȱ㣬ĸ׵ТģôĸһӣǴТ
Ȼ̫˵Ҳ߱߱
ЦϾ΢ʲôħ΢Ҳи׵ģԼˣô̫߱ӵʵۣʵ۵̫ϻʣϽӽ̨ǣʹⲻ̫ҲԷˣȫ
̫Ӷ˶٣˵ʻҵġ
ʵѵ̫ӾԸ⿴һסڷԷ
ܵѡһ
̫/սòȺ̫
˲豭Ĳˮ͸֮ʱ̫վһݣְ̫֮
̫Ƕƣλߵ̫ʦξ̫ѡõĸة࣬Ҳ̫ʦֻһͷζѣûʱȥ̵̫ӡ
Ҳվذ̫ӣᶦ̫ӵһ
̫ӷΣҪʲôӲԵ޹ʵİҡ
÷ʣ̫Ӻγԣ
̫˵ƿس͢ĸף޲˳ӣӲԸ׵ѹӡӦҪ÷磬Ҫ˰ʲôӡҷʵ۵λòܵõأ
̫ʹ˼ʹ˲ɳˣˡ
ûѡˡǽεʱ˵̫Ϊĸгһܹ֮¡ҵĿı̫Ӹ򵥣Ϊӹ
̫ͫ͵һƹЦĴŶˣӺӹ÷
̫˲һֱ߸ϡ䵭Ȥñ׺ˣ֪ôһֱ㡢㡣ʲôУȴһʳ˼̻𡢳׵ӡ
˼һ㶼ռȫˣŻòĸİãܶζһõһж㡢㣬ȴԴ˲мһˡ
ˣ˶зգвܳȫ֮£Կ࣬Ҳˡ
̫ЦڿǸѪз͵Ļˣɡˣɡӹ˾ҵˣҽӹ¼޸㡣
ûص¦Ժ˵̫ӽ˵飬ڻҼ磬̨Ǹ磬̫˵һ˻ڹ͢Ͼ˾ǻҵˣһֱסڹ⡣ʱ̨סЩʱգ˼һ£¦ԺĵؾѾĳˣʱɢĵס
ѾǶ̫ˣ̨ȻԼ档
һ
еĲ׽ӵĲ죬㲻ˣ
һüܹһá׵ķʽĺܺãǵĺȫҡ
ҾǾƽƿһҵĻ¾ǴҵıԺﳤġֲժģӦҵġʵϣҪȴ뾭ʵ۵ͬ⣬ҸˣҷҲá
֡ݵĸоΪԼĻȡͻŻܸ֮顣Ϊʲôֻڷĵȴһͻʥּ
˼Ͳһ˳ܵˡ
һſƤӣͷŪӣˮȥӵƤ¶׵Ĺ⣬Ӵߡ
˽ӴЩ΢࣬ǿ֮лظʡ
ðˣιӣ˵ҡ
Ŀã֮ӣ޶ȣӢ
һ˲䣬еĲʲ춼׵Ժ΢Ķ˹ȥסãĵΪΪ槼˱ȸɵġΪ˰榷ϷɫǰҲǸ
ʮڣ̫¦ȥ̨Ǹ磬һԲڼ䣬̫˵۹ȻסӣƻѾˣҲˬٺϾǻʼѪδ䣬һֱסӼٺͰᵽƻȥסɡ
ӹ˳˵ǣ¡
Ӱƻ
֮زز仪֮ڹ飬˼ҡƻ־ǡʫƻģһͲʲô֣Ŵ߻֮⣬ʫ˼ǹˣǸ˼ңϵµóĺӡ
̫˵ȡΪƻ뷨ǰӽӵ̨ǣȻͻܸ£ܼҸӣԼϸӱĽ󱾵м׬ֱۡͷװǡ
̫˵Ϊζסֻʹ޶ëΪ̫˵ֻӣһûУ̨ͷֻж̫˸Сո£ó䡣
ܸߡˣ̫˵¸ӡۡѰһʵ
̫԰͵ƻĽ¾ӣʲô߹ǲʹܸңҸ
̫ǹģӱܾ̫лȨʾĵ̰ɡ
ᶥ˻ȥ̫ˣ̫ԲõĹѡ/̵Ĺˣôʲôй˲ʹܵ£̫
֣̫ʧְӴ
̫һҭкüףʱ˳ʱǿӲ׽͸ŸӰźˣʵ͸ǸŮʦأôûô칫ϲ𣿡

147 

ϲɣʲô˼
Ů˵ֱ, Ӿ̫е⡣
벻ͨ, ̫ûκͻ, Ϊʲô̫ƵƵµң
˵Ŷ, ǸưʦܷҲϲʱ, ҾͰʦ¦Ժ, ܷʲôʱٶʦࡣ
Ӱɽ, ̫ҲſҪˡ
Ȼ, Ĵ̫Ъ˼
̫, Գ빬͢˼棬Ӱ̫쳣ã̫ıֺ֣Ҳ˵ҵĵĪ, , ̫ڹķܺ, Ҳмѡ
Ҳƣ˵̫һŮ, ͻʴ, ̫һֱܾ, ̫֪ϵ, ҲŻʵ۵ѹθ̫ȥԷ̽ϣǸ֪̫
̫˶ãĪӡ˵һ̫Ӵкģ̫Υ̫ӵ˼
룬Ů֮ЩǸ㲻ģ棬̫˵ҪüǮ̨ǵǶ̫ദ̫˵˿ӣ
һܱȶһֺãӵͷ
̫Ӻ̫úչӡ
̫һϻ̳Ͽֵӣ̫ΪγҶ̫ӱԹң
̫˵ûУ룬ֻǶһ䡣ʱȥԷ̽ĸףʶԶвУλȻοҪ˵ģͶãԶкô
̫԰֪ˡ
̫˵ȥæ̫Ҫȥһżܻعȥ˯õҡ
ӴԺ̫ӵ̬תãͻȲɩ֮ڣҲ˵ּǹ֮ˡ
̫̫飬Ӹòʣ̫ߵ̫Ӧ꣬ڹ͢ʮ꣬۽ų̨Ǻʹвģ̨ǣȴ빬͢ЩҷʼȻζԹŨҺٺ̣Ȼζˡ
̫ϣձɻʺ󰡣Ҿܷɳ̨ˡ
̨ƵĹӵʱǧ֮ĺƽʹһѪȷ硣
Ҳܼ򵥣ΪƿػȨ
˵ױ̫żҲΪ˱ݣȥسݺĸ뿪ƽԶ볯͢
ĸһߣ̫ҵĿꡪԼ׵ʵϡ
뵱ʵ۵̫ӲǺ̫ӡ
Դһͳԭ̱òˣ쵢ɫᳯһ涼ѡ
Ҵƿڻ¹ٺ̫Сû¹ǣ̫ӵģ̫ʵ̫ܸˣܸɵϣϵʵۣ׵ɵ
˻¹٣ˡҩϣܿ죬Ͼ˶Ƥϡ
ʵϱ̫ӼλϢɽˣ⣬Ϊ˻Ȩ޵ߣɵó߱߱飬дһ౾˵ȵȥα߹ظ漱ɳģһֱɧź߹أҪԭȻصƽΪȵᣬҪ߹أȥơ
ãһȥƽӵԣ϶ɱ׵ɱûѪԵĽֵɱˡ
ʱѾˣѾ͹׸Ҫúñ˵㲻õģú̥齻ңҷģһһգԻᱣȫ
ʱʮ꣬Ҫĸˣֺּ£㡣ʱ¶ӡ
ӵӣһΪ㣬ԸⱳһУ
̫Ӽλźϣܹٲʢ˼
ÿһ飬ͷٲʢ޹ء
ǻһǰѸʺлŵʺΪ̫󣬲Ұÿһ̫Ūϣеĺ趼ˡ
Ӻ̫ڹ͢ڣ˯׵Ůˣø޴˯ֻȥ˯ײġ
ʵ۵úԣһ춼顣
ǹҴôأͳͳ˴˾ա˾Уξ׼ĻʺΪ̫ӣĽɽ̫ӵģ̫ͻСӶԽ׼ܷġ
ǽ׼ҲǸҰĵˣȨ֮󣬴Ĵ˺ͲƸ׸ӣԱʾģԽ
׼˻ײԣ˵йǶ΢˵ƫ΢Ҫ̴ͺĻΪ󳼣ɱ΢ͱ£ȻӻѡǻķʵۡϣҪڴǶ֮ǰЩͼı죬϶֮ļ鳼ͻʼҰ
Ҳǹˣ̫ӻСǼǴɣҲǣ׼һûƫƫţʱûж֡
׼˵ŮʺԼӵĴ̫󡪡ûҹùúֶŮһźʵۡ
ʺͽ̫ͬʱʵӴͷ磬ùúֶŮһһңȫǵĴϣ̰ͼǵɫҪλǵǽô찡
ɫǻ裬ѻȫɱˣһͷģлƽսύĴ󳼣ЩӵӣһЩ֪١ȫ͵͵˽ӵȥˡ
׼ų켺ʵӵʩԹڣ׳룬бͼ
ڼ䣬ļӣֶ׽ӵȥԱҽʣ¸صҴ󳼡
ǺŮĶӣżū˾ֵܷ࣬ģû뵽ˣ׼ͻʵӶֵܶԻλвûɱǣֻǶ˹ְ
ֵʹĸǲļȴҲĸǲļӹһĸ׸ֵڶ
˱ͺݹϵļò꼧޵̩ɽϣ;׻ʺ褣ѾУʱͷǽаصȫס
׼ΨףѱȨȫ˽ˣõܽγｫĹ٣ǽҵˣʵѾܿգ֪޾ͽ̫ͽʺ֡
׼ˣȨ֮ıѻʵӸɱˣ̫֮ӣϼȫɱ⣬һ̫ŮʺҲһˡ
ƽʹѪɺӣ˼Ҳˡ
׼ĵǻΪʵۣһܾˡ
һˣһҲѾܾˡسס
һһֱװ̾ƽҴ壬׼ǷҪΪʵӡԼĻǸ
׾󣬸ڣǱ߹ش󽫣Щսɳƾʵأھ
ľǷ׷Ӧף򣬷ɱԼҵĴ󽫣ȥͶס
׻㼯˷־ɳǣ񣬴ݹ֮ƴƽɱ˽׼
ϱ׳Ƶۡ
ξܾ֮󣬵Ĵνˡ
׳ƵۣΪԣΪԹʺ

148 һͶ

ݵƽдʷĺд, дľ, һ仰ǡƣûס
˶ΪĽʱ, ȴֻһĿʼ
ں֮, ڽϽҵ֮Ĺңǲûʽ, ûлʹݣɳʹڡ
ż߾ͻ, ֮⣬ûκԺƽΪĿĵĽ˫Ϣ޷ʱ˽ڹЩʲô
գԭ, ڿ˯Ⱦʱ, ʵں˯̫󣬲Ѽ, Լ׶лɱ
, ܸл, Ŀճɾ, жӯ֮ʱɽ׼ɱ˻ʵŮ, ͬڵ̫ӵȻӻŮȫɱ, ѺϵķĹڳ, ѾΪ׹ǵϵͷ­
˵ʵӲбǹɽ׼̨֮ԭ˲ñ׼ӼֱСʹٲɱֱϵΪնݳɱӣѽ̫Ůʺ̫ԪҲȫͷ顣
̨֮ԳƺӻһҲԼֶ̫̣Բ˳ģô죿ζס֮أ
֮⣬̾ڳɽףһѷᣬЩܵĳӶȥͶˣ׳Ӯңʱܹƽ
ʱ⻼ԸԳ˺ȴִɽףɽʵ̫ѡ
һۣǸ˲ţ룬˵ĵ˾ѡ˴˺ˣôҾǴˡ
ο׹һѻʹ˴װ
ԼԭǽܵõЩԭյ֧֣Ͳ׶һˡ
ͳϵĴͽ⣬ͨʹڣһ£Ըͬĵˡס
ǴƾʲôأΪ˱ʾ⣬ɳʹڣɽȥ˽ǣʹŴĴ
ǵģڽ֮һֱûй˿£ʱ̫˵ã̫˵иšװӡ
׵깥ʱݣͬҲһ͵ƽںˣڽҲã統͸Աʾ⡣
ϽϢʹڵ˽㱻ϸˣ죬ùϸģ
ˣ
ĵ̴齨ǡ
̫˵۵һİװӣõ֮һ֡ʱתĸоΪѸ£Ǵͳӣؿ˴󳯻ᣬɳʹȥ̨
ʹۿˣԳһ죬ߵŰݵ¡ڶ̫˵˵˺ѾΪϢ
䶯ˣãԼĹɸˣ
ڧ֮Һľ˹
Ҳ˴·ҲڧԼ˸Ūˡ
ϼ޻ϺҲ¶֮ɫûг־Ѿˣһһ䣬ô˵飿
ȷӦ˵ҴĹˣ̩Ӵ
Ⱥ׷׸̩ͣӴ
̨һƬֵϢ
Ȼ󣬽ɳʹڵݽ飬һϢдС󰲸ҳҴʹ۲ԽͶڽӴҽãס
ڹаѺĿʵԨϸӳ֮ΪС˵ʵ۴Ļ˾˾Ҫ۴ū͵·ƣҪͰǣɱǡ
Ѿۺ۵Ĺײڳˣ°յŹǣǴջͨʹڣʹλ˵ᣬʹ
ôһͶһǮҪ˴ѻۺ۵
˿ϲ󣬶ԼĶ䡣
ϵڱ飿
̫˵ˣΪõ˴ܹѻۺ۵ӭӵᣬǴһ
̫˵ָר⽻ĺ˵㵱Ҵʹߣȥԭӭӻۺ۵عҶ
Ⱥ£ˣ˵лаʮĸײಡ齶꣬ˡԶС
ЦһǸ壬ҲԭҺòײӵϵģ
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Ϣ̫죬ȥ֤ϢǷȷǰԶǰ̶̣ѨȺ֮ң¹϶ɣһ·ϵļĿ˭ȥپһΣ
ȺӦ
͵͵̫ʹ˸Ϊ̫ѳ붫̫ӵĸͻͽ˴ջƵĶֱ˺ѣͨһԷ˼
̫ӻ˸ʲô㲻ǿЦɣҪԼȥԭӭӻ۵Ĺײģ
õͷҵġ
ԴӺ͸̫˵Ϊĸϵֵø̫֮˾εˡ
̫ӳУ˵ʣԸ
һҪԳʹǰֻʵĹңһ㵱ʵۿ϶ͬ⡣
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̫˵ۿëԼ̫ӣãܲܳɣȫԼɲܹ޲֮ˡ
̫˵̫ͬӵ󣬡׼ࡣ̫Ϊʹȥԭӭػ۵λԸ⵱ʹ
óУ΢Ը
ةʯҪֹո»鲻õĽعܸУ΢Ը
ԭܸóУȥԭӹģΪ˸ӹǣضһȥ
ȥҾһҪȥվı̬
ȥˣֲڽǣضڽӹǰȫģȥԭðա
ܸΪ»࣬νࡣ
ʵعܷúةһȥðգӶѾ˵ˣľѳۣ޷ı䡣
ܷúӿЦ
̫˾Ϊʹʼ˿عܸΪʹŹͻɽϣǰԭ

̫ãΪʲôһҪȥ
һ㶣̫ӶûиȥԭëԼ
̫Ӹ£ⲻȥҾȥ𣿡㶼ţһ˭
ý͵ҪʵۣҪôʵȨҪôȵġʵȨ̫ӾͱˣҸڲȨģʵ۶ûУο̫أ̫ӱ辶ȥıġ
ۺ֮ϾǴͳʵۣԭջȺǳʵ۵ģȵϻҪߣ̫ӱӭ۵ڵϻȵ𣬳ϡ
ȷƷ棬־磬Ѵ󳼴ڲƳȥ̫˵۷ʵ̫һˡȻҲةݵԭ
̫ǰݷˣıԶǡ˴αȻգڱףҶӵġ
˵̫ӷģԭҶЩ֣ᱣ̫һ·ƽ
£˧ۭ
ԭײᶯǵġ
̽ϰ̫һ˳ʱġ
ӳ¦ԺΪúܸС
ӵ鸴ӣΪ͸׼ĹҪϽ׼Կס
̸ĸ׵ķˡ
׿սҽȥδӣ
ÿ˼˵ģ׼ʩģūԭĺݲܿᵹ̨ڴͽ׼Ͽס֪Ŀǰ״궼Ǯ̡
̣ԶʵǮոոĴ
ˣ԰һ֧͸á
Ҳ͸»ɷܸײĶѣȥء
ܸӹ֦ȥԭξͽˡܸǹģȥˣͻ£ǰȫġ
Цõ˵¡
»С޴ΣӺһЦ˶Ĺιֵ࣬ԲˣǷˮתʮӶʮ

149 ͷô

һж︴, ٵľ, Ļ;öǱʽ
̫Ӻõԭʹų˴̤㽭̸֮оͽϵĲͬ
, һƬܵ, ͻԼͥΪλ񵽽ϵԭղͬ
ûκμҲ׳ӣļˣ˺͸ѵʱҪôʧҪô, Ե, ܹߵ׳ж
ÿʱÿһѣսȻѣ;жǲпĴַ, ̭, ǿ棬˶䵽ʵĹ, Ļ϶ǿ׳ĺݵӡ
κʱ, κε, һ⡣ڲͬʱ, ͬĵ, ͬĻ֮, ͬһĻսұ硣
ЩûǮûءûмͥˡûк֮, һ˳ԱȫҲǿ׳ǣϴǾܾܵġ
ΪǶѵ޳ԵĳصġѪȵȴƻһϣûǮΪ棬һɱ˵ķ·
ЩĽϵķŮǣϧðӾɳΣϣϷصĴ߹ؾץסһһǲ׼Щ޲
ԭʹŶɽ֮ʱһ͵/ɽϵǲ
Щ񿴵ԭʹЯĿһȻ̰Ŀ⣬ʼཻ˽ʹŵ⡣
룬ѹָһֱֲϷŽϣǸ⣬һȺδѱҰޣûйûԼһһŽϣϱضҡ
ʹǧЩȻеΧۣĿⲻơ
ʦͷϣ֮ʱǰѹѹһƬһס˵·!
ǧεԶԡŸճأҪһܡ
Һã˽Ӧ׼
Զýˮڲʼһģ·Ƿ׷ɢȥһȵĵ̵ͣлûͣ;Զܳһ϶
Ľдһۭ֡
ۭۭǽһ˧
ν˧ͳ죬ƽ֯˧֯ΪӶ˭Ǯͱ˭Ϊ˭
ۭϾԭʿһ˧ᾭӪþγϱǵӶṩۭѾʮӶʮ춼´࣬ѾǵʹһССġػδ빬Сˡ
ۭʹŵģǴͺܲŵĵطЩŲʹŷ
ȻǸǮġ
ðһƽۭʹŵıѡ
ۭѣǶˣһǿ㳤ĳô˼ӵǮ̫ˡ
ЦԼͨ϶ҴʹţǮҵ˽Ҹ״ӹóĽӣˣҲŷġ
ۭҲЦˣ겻ӱˣǸ߸ϵɹӣͨʡ
ۭ˽ӣ˵Ҫֵˣʹû¹ӶǸŻͣҲǡǵƥӶ̫ҫˣҵȥһдǣһҾԻ㴩Խ
ۭʹһʧ
ðۭ̫˾ܣһ·̫Ӷۭ̾ʿȻް񣬽˧ƽçˣΨۭ˲ͬ
ҹӪϢ̫Ӳ£ãЩҲǴһ͵ɽǽٷˣǾۭ/֮󣬾һȺܹսĹӶȻˣةΪβɴۭ٣ҪʮӶϣıأ
÷˵ܼ򵥣ʮŷ޴󣬻Ҫÿõ졣Ǹۭڽ˽ϵʳ΢һ㣬͸Ҿڻ/䣬̫Ųţ
̾ףûмǣңֻԼˬ죬һȾ͸ɱˣ̫ȶˣһֱףҽǡ
ӣ̫Ϊĸ֣ĸ׻£Ƕǣҵˣʹһ
˿ԱΡ
γУ̫ӷ֪Լڽһֱ죬֪ټ
̫૵һҪ취շѱǣۭԣҲԡ
˵ȣ̫ҪǮ
ͷһˮȥ̫Ļ䣬ιܲƭƭңҪͱ𣿡
ãðɣ̫ǸǮˡ
ۭӶһ·ͣ;üԾԾԵװڿۭĺɢȥ
󣬴ʹͨ
ۭӶԭӪ˵ǰǺؽ磬ֻ͵ˣҪʮ֮ǻ͡ΪǵʳޣǴƲӵʱ򣬲һֱԭصǡ
ۭԳԸһֱӣҵʲôˣһ˶ӣҶɱ
ۭǿƷºŵӮص𣿲ףǽǮʳַ˲пʵ
Ӧ£ʹŴҴҸƽ
յ߾þͷһ󡪡߾ûкؾӪǿյģһ˶ûС
ʹŵƽֳͷһոµġԡ
ôԹģͷ⡣
ϽϢͺÿĸʾѾɱ˴֮ĽԼƵۣ˹Ϊˡ
ѹ·Ӫˣԭԭֻˣ
Թʵ׺ܿ˵ˣײҲֳɵģǾͰѻ۵ĹײĴȥɣܲ˼ǿֶ顣

150 ƾǻ۵Ļλ

Ѹײڶ֮˻ɽ׼
ɱ֮Ƶһ, ȻǿƵ۵ģǿǻۡ
˵׼Ϊ˹Ȩ, ڽϵĴ, ͬףڼ䲻ͣгܵ͢Ͷףоеһ𹥽ǵĴ󽫺̡ΪĲƸָͷǸˡ
ʱָ̱, ׺ڧ, Լɽۻ, ǸƻΪ˱ݣִˣ඼ǧˡǹûôˡ
ǻʵӵױ壬ϻұ׼ɱ, Ͻ, ú̻ﶪԸ, ׼ɱϻ壬㡢Ůﶼɱˣ˶飿
˵׼õܽΪ̫ͽʺԼ̫飬˵ǶǽѪ, ׼̫Ϊʵ, ̫ӵ⹫, Ю¼ɣˣͲֵ̫࣬Σǽ׼ͬ⣬Ҫնݳ
ڲìܣ˵ȥкͽ磬˵ֻɱ׶׼Ա常꣬常ĳ˾Ͳ׷ˡ
м䴫Ȼ˵˽ᣬд׼ϯΪţбĵ˽׼ͷ
Ž׼ͷͶף׿磬ٰʢнʽʱ׾ٱޣ˵屻ɱ常Ԩ嶼ڳͷʬΪӣʹɱǧҲҪΪ常˸
׽ƱһӣݶĹ乭ڳнˣŽ׼ͷͶĽͳͳҼ
״˰뱲ӵ̣ƵλһսȻǻıԡ
ã̫ӣܸĿ࣬ǧϵƽ¾׼˵ˣҪĹûˡ
˵ɷ׾ȻԭʹźܿûΪѻ߿ѽ׼׼õĻۺ۵ĽǴߡ
Ͼˣ԰ɡ
̫ӸϽѴĹһӣл¡
ѾƵˣΪԣ̫ӳ֮Ϊ£ΪҪս顪дͽ׼ϿףԱ٣һ׿˱ŭѴʹǿпô죿˵λǸɱ˲գ۵Ĵħͷ
úܸΪ̫ӵĻǹơǧʹ״ǰ춼
˵ǸϽŻ۵Ͻ뿪ƽƽսݲУѾˣѾǨϾͻ᳷ƽﲢȫ
׶̫˾˵ūˣ̫ǺˣǳˣܸıѪͳ
Ƕġ
ìһֱУҲǡ޼ȻƵۣôԭ˶޵ū˻Ǻˣһͬʡڳ⼸꣬һֱѧѧ񣬽ѧУǰԭʿʿ뵽ѧУڹΣںϣĻʼ⣬޻Чǽ⸳ƶȣϳūתΪũǧǻΪһ壬ֱ˴ˡ
̫ӽ޵Ļתʵۡ
״Ӧݣ̤뽭ϰ벽ǴԭԻѴᵽȥģʱ̣νݻѹ
ԣΪ֮ƣʱĺƽõİ취
̫ǴڽǵʱԭոɽǶɽ֮󣬿ƺƴԼǶô棬ǵӱ˵ոԭˣƵ˽ܱǰƥӶᱻߡ
̫ʵ룬˵һὫµ˼߸ʡ
ܸһμ˵еɱף˵һ԰üëͫ׷죬һܹ䴩壬Ϊɷ֮׶ԹδĹ滮ͲǴ֫ͷԼ֮
ܸʵϣֱʵΪҪѧڴѧѧ˼ʼնѧ
ܸ㲻ѧÿβμµż̸̸ֻֻۣŶķݡ
׸ֱӣЦΪѧ򵥣伮࣬ӲܶһЩƤëھöӽʲôˡѧ̫ѣ֪֮ƣҪѧԺʦָ㣬ǳûôʿѧȽʵ
̶̼겻׾Ȼ˴ת䣬һΪһȷιԵĵúܳ
ʿգĿڵļʶĸ
˵֪Ƽ⳼ʵ
ЦﶮЩ˻ʺӰ죬޵ĻʺǺˣʺոΪ˶ӣѾΪ̫ӡ޵̫һūһǺˣΪĽɽȻҪþúĻΪһ壬̫ӽȥ̳һķѵĹҡ
ʲô
̫ӣãܸٶȷ
ãĸΪҵĻʺδţʷϾ޽С
̫ӼֱԼĶ䣬ǸոյƽԹһ֪ʱ£Թʺ˭
Ժ˵޵Ļʺ̩ɽϣʺĸ˽ع֮
ֻ֮һŮݡݵ۵ļ̺Խݻʺ
ܸӶըˣԹʺǴĻݻʺ󣿡
׵ͷ˵ǡݵްˣǸѸȢΪޣ޵˻ʵۣƾȻǻʺ󡣡
ܸĵ찡ǰѻݻʺٴηϢȥ͢Ҫըˣ
̫𺳣ͬǻʵۣΪʲô׾ܹİټ޵ĹѸȢ˻ʺ󡣶ȴĸټ޵ʹ֪λֻǻӶѣȻĸףĸ̨̤ǣֶϸ
ҹ͵͵ȥηݡ
ӭã֣ӳˣ˴ˡӹɺãܽɺã
Ƕ˵ãԽԽϲʺһֱӣߡ
ѾӣձɫǰǰˣʮŮãӭȥס֡
ӰѾҪܿ
ܵȥõͻȻʶԼʧˣǲĶӣ˻ȥ
ȴһץסڿе֣ĸԼϡ
һ˲䣬ˣ㡭ܽѾ
׵ı£񻹲֪ʧɢʧ١ʧ
ÿһ֪ĸҵԼӰӣʵĸס
˶ⶣףΪһƬأܲ͸磬һ˿˺ֲȥʹ
ӣҲȫݵİԾͷһȱΪū
ŮһУΪ˱ܹ
üѵ˵ҽΪ˸߻ʺЩҳܵѣӡԼѡ˵ĻᣬһҲҪҳеʹ̫࣬ˡ
ǰ飬Ѿ޷ġĸԶǲ磬ҲܽлʺΪĸסӻ֪Ը񣬼ʹ֪ˣʺԶĸףԶǣҵˡΪ˲ͽͣҺĸ׶ԶסܡȻˣͻס
öһݣϲʺٶȷ󣬳ӣʺ󲢲Ƿ˭ҲǷӴԺ󣬻ʺԹʺ󣬻ʺٶȷϢһϣΪʺ˵ֻһ˲ʺԼֻлʺúãŲӵļǿ

151 ʮ

õԸ, ۵־أʹĳ, Ҳֳ侲Գ֡
ĸӶ, ˼ɫڵƹӰӰ´¡
ݽۿˮˣԹټ޵Ļʺ󣬴δݡٴηϢ, ʵ۳ὫҴӴʺȥ, йʧʧڵĻݻʺӣҲںЩ, ҺһֻϣúãҾͰˡ
Ӧ£ʱ̧ӣһһ, ǸƵƿƿ޹, бӵ, õݺ޻ʵеĵлƺ͸ֱ棬ʲס
˵ǽµǲģں߽˼Ҥ, Ӹʺ󡣡
æһƿ, Сıڻ, ӣųӤ
ţ豹棬е̵ļ壬ǾԲʹýĶҲãƫ׾ӵġҲƷᶼΪЩ廹лϲý֮ߴ
Ƴú࣬ΪʹԭΪҪ͸ĸס
Ҫ˰ȫóְ͸ӺͲĶװȥӵĸӲˡ
Щ䴫ӤԹ̫ӡ
Ҫʼһˡ
˵ȥ̫Ψֻ̫Ӻܸɣǡ
ݵҪ
㲻ᣬʹһĨЦݣǷģҹĺܺáӡҪúõġ
ðݱݣ뿪һ·ǣ֣͵СʱǸСкͣĺ˵ӽ㣬ǷĵġԺǳ׹ӣദˣЩĦСǽ߳еʱĹƢҶùǺ㡭ൣЩ
룬ӵĹƢʱ򣬼ֱͲһģһΪĸŮҵ̣ҿ϶Ҳܡ
ö˱壬˵õúܣһԶš
Цģǻʺģұغ壬ܳþõŻʺȥ߲ܽ㣬Һ˭٣ʮΪע˭Ҫˣ±ӾҪ˭ʮᡣҪá
˴˻һö֪Ӧ˭ӮˣŮˣϣźá
˿ΪѵӣһЦѽСһӣһ仰Цѡأһӣ˵仰˳ɻЦżӼۣ˵ټʮᣬ˭Ӯ˸˭
ǲ
һ˰ӺöԼĺӣԸﻹҪ˽⡣
Ϊ֮жᱧ˱ˡ
ʮ꣬¾ͲϷˡ
ЦŷֱĿûݡ
ŹˣϵЦʧᣬ֪࣬ҲޣװɣΪ˺ÿһЩǸˣ̲סСӡ
ӺûʱݺͲ綼׼ǳǣ˽ں˯͵͵Ƿǵߡ
ģͿԾ
գ̫ܸǱԹʵףŻܵдԹͽĹ飬뿪ƽǡ
ҲƽȫҵǨ
һ˳ƽ;һɽͷӪϢʱԶ죬һоƽ򿪲ȥϢ֪ǰŸߣѷľʯվռ˿ճƽ
׷ʯΪʮĸʯЧԹʵ൱һķ
㷽ҵǳͷô찡
ˣ˵ҿߵÿ죬ҪȻʯյĴʯû׺˵ҪԴ
̫ӵӻ֪ͣѸݻٴηУΪԼĸ׵̾Ϣټ֮⣬һϣһ¡
ܸϽὣͣǿߣԭ·Ҫؽϡܲ컻ĵط̫ûаȫˡ
ܸڼ䣬ƽսҲܲƵƵޱ䡣
ʹŲڴҹޣҹ
һ·ϣҰɻĵأ·ƵƵŹǣҰƻŹǣտʼûٸӰʬᣬʵ̫ˣҲ͹˲ˡ
Щ֮ûӵϵ
֮ʱ½½ֵǰǾ䡰ҲϵĻͤডʱ½ֵܻĶ֣ûʲôоף½ֵǰԼĻ
ʹںۭʦ˯Ⱦ
ܸ̫Ӷۼˣʹ˯ţ׿ĿԭأյķʧˣֹڻٵƬأ֪ʱǸͷ
ۭ룬˵ӲҪ̫࣬ºϾñط֣־ñغϡܳĩ꣬սۣ󶼹ععˣںʵն壬ٴͳһçۺ³гüҹ˺ͳһˣҲûӣ˺׵ۣܲˣ·Ϊκκ˾ܲƽ䣬ѳֲκ˾ף˶⣬һͳ¡
˧ۭʿ٩٩̸´ԵͳһҲʮ֮꣬ңľū˿ӣٴķѣȺ۲𣬷·ֻصսʱʼһֵֻء
ۭõļ򣬡ַֺϺϣ䣬о˵ʱһһҲֻãƫƫڷѵ֮СֲǵĴ𣬻ͺܲˡ
˵ҶãҲģϣܹѣͳһɱɱȥһǳؼͱ任һģһµĻʵ۵ǻ·ߵĺֻԽԽࡣ
ûԭһ߾죬ʬҪıһУΨͳһ
ۭЦû˳ߵ룬ֻŻȥұضЭӡ

152 Ե

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̫˵ԺڶֻרŽи̫ѣڶ
ã̫ʱӺ̫õӡ
, ̫мƴڻ, ̼˱գ֮ңһ, ˼˵һٸֻһӵϻ, ʮŸ·ߵİ׹ǡϰԭǰһҴߣҲϣ
ۭžѱް, ʹŹ, ̫ӲȺսǣ޷ۭѱֻöۭ˵һȥ, ͸, ͱ˧һ
ۭ˵Ǯˡνۭ⼸ǹ, ӵľٱ˧Ҫ¸ּ֮ҪǮѹƲסȺսʱΪȥɱΪްġ
ۭ̫ùλϸةȫֻۭ֮Ľӣ֮һҪȴʹţǱðȻصǲŻ֧
̫˵ڽҲһϣϵ˲ŻᰲҵƾУλ̨ǣһΪĹְ
ۭǰҲ٣֪͢ı£ЦЦûоܾ˵ȰˡҪǮûǮеġ
ǽʵ֮ĹϵǮάϵۭʵĺݣҲ˧
̫˵Ҫҡ֮أ
ۭûϣٴǿͷһֽǮһֽˡ
ǣͷ̫˵۴ٹٴɥӭӻ۵ȥããһƬ
ϵ˻ʲкСļڣˮ
֮֮һ˽
ʵǮ鲻ֻ뾡翴ɷ
ۭ˽ӣһӣС
̫ӴʹŵǴ֮ʱһ˱һֵĺӹˣ˰СӷڵϣСССѼƵŤƨɳۭȥѽѽġ
ҵ诶·ˣۭŮס
̫ȵǴں棬ͷϣۭŮˣͽϵ壬͸
СŮ˵ʲôС֣Ҫ˩ϵһá
ЦŽˡ
˴̫Ӵܸ̫˵񣬡ʹػ۵ˡ
̫˵鸴ӣ̫˳ع͢޲̫͵£ͷǹʵۡ
֪ˣҾͲҪȥˡ̫˵ۺڲȺΪۿɥʵǿԼʵ̫ˣѹң̫ӶҪ֮ϡ
̫˵жɥõжԺǿҵĶãƷ²òܣȫõĶӡ
ͻ˵عᣬһϵзʽܸ˫˫ѼһûصܵܵǳݵĿ⣬еİ
ϯϰߣͥճԷͨǷֲƣһһСҳԷʱ˵ԶٷƵģóԶŻؼԲ˴һΧӾ۲͡
ɨһȦˣʣ֮أ֮ĸ¹϶ɵ·ʧ٣ѾˣΪ¹ڣÿ·һ߾߰׹ǣһõܸ׵أһؼҾ͹õܡ
⼸Щȣӹȥ¦ԺСסգ֮ӹȥˣùӼһң㶼ˣԵ㡣
ʴ磺ԭˣ
˵׹¶Ұǧ޼
ˣʱͷԷ
ѹ֣ԺԾȥԭ
˵û׼ȫ壬ѾƵۣĹΪԣΪʺ󣬻۵׸ǵģ
ۣһھ˵˵ҴĻۻʺΪԹʺ󣿡
õͷǵģӵĹĸסұڷٸ߸ףǸ״˼Ȼ𣬶ӾͲˡ
˻һټͥ۲;ûˡ
Ѷӽн鷿Ӱݱĸ磬һ˶һˣϢΪݸˣһģƣҽҪһ
鷿ҪðѴϸȥݵǶΣʵЩ뺷
ԡ׹¶Ұǧ޼Ĳ״˸б룬ΪףȰογʹ𺳵Ķӣۭ˧мʶϾñط֣־ñغϣ²Ÿոտʼ֣Ҫͳһ̸ףʮٹ꣬һͳ¡Щ˻ҪӵͳһͳһĻҲз˵ĹӹˣǮµ˿ڣͳһһͳҪȥ̵ģҪǮģףϱøˣܰԭ
ۭû棬ԽǮĿһ¡
Ϊ࣬ǴҪٵ⣬ҴûģҹĻۻʺΪʺ󣬴´Ϲȥ֮£ѳɰ
˵̣֮֮޾ͲˣûбԼĻʺ󣬱˶ˣֲʺĴ
ͷϵ飬ͲС¡෴״֮¡ʺ޹˭֪˭ǵӵܣûбʺ෴ΪӣΪжΣֻʺʧʧڣɱѳ޹⣬ѿľء
ǰʺֻɽʱǻװװϹڶԹʺˣװϹӣῨʺ
ʸףʺҪԹʹܽ
룬ԹʹҪѻ۵ͻðʺ󻹸̸
òȥˣȥ
鷿һᣬкʶԼûصϯ䣬Ƕˣ˲һ˳üɫ裬ĵĲˣȵðˣžƱߵĿٱ˭뵽ֵ˻ʺ״ˣ£ҲḺ㣬Ϊ˰ѣΨ޸మˣɱ
ˣĬĬ£ٿԷƾߺ
ó˴ȥ¦¦Ҥ϶ˮˮˮ죬ˮǣһԲεʯԶתţתʯϣĴָʪ˸һĳΣ˫ͷʯת֮ĦԽԽߣҲԽԽƽ
֮һʯһӣ϶罦ˮˣϽվø񣬡ˣ
˳ְۭ֮Ůۭ诸һȥ棬л͹˵
֮һˣϴɾ֣һȥһˣӲıУȥһѱס

153 ȫ

ð͸Ůﶼ, üװһ䣬ʹ桰硱, ڵء
ӲҪ˰æ, ϯϣһãÿһϸˣűźãÿĵյС, ûд, ȫȡˣŸٶȷʺԼһͬĸ츸ܵܵ顣
, Ǹеˡһ, Ȼ͸һ˫ľ죬ĸٴԺ, С, ڳӦòįˡ
ô˵֪и̥ܵܣҰοȻĸĺ, ǵҵ, ô
ôӺ汧ס, ľŵһߣ֣ãͺá㻹ҡ
ӻõȣ˫Ŀǣ۾뵱۾Ҿۿĸˡ
ҹƻްſţȻõҵݵӰӡ
øȥ
һǽǧ
ûʲôǳó/ɫ/˵ģУôһΡ
գ̨糯̫˾ܵԹʵױʾʹĹ飬ԼԹʺǴۻʺʱһӾȵ͹һưˮ˲ըˡ
ʹޣ˽׷
վ̫࣬Ŀųдǵı֣ȻǸеĴ϶Ǹ²û˷ʡֻ֮Լܣܺѵعѵۻʺʵ׷׳Ϊʲôȥѳʧȥ࣬ίס
ۻʺа֮ģͲýײΪʺ󣡡
һŮܶޣһʺɵĻʺ󣡡
ҴҶѪаʺϣ͸ЧµʩǱʹ԰ԻףԹҴʦϸ
Ȼ˵ʩд
ԣȻ֣֮κΣίǾѧ踺أɫ׿ӻɱ
ǲҪǷǣѾˣۻʺѾΪһӣ¾ͷ̫ӡΪūӣٵǴĻʺϷۻʺ󣬽ִ׺ʷĨȥ
飡Ůһ˺ӣǶӣԶΪأΪᣬūӵŮˣٵǴĻʺ󡣡
飡
飡
Ⱥ÷׷ȻͳһìͷֱָݣݿʷԹ˶׵ĺޡ
ȻԤϴ²ֹۣۼ̨Щ󳼵ĳ̬ˮ޷֮ã̫͹Եĳ͵ߡ
ΪӣͿ԰Ƴȥ׼ꡣ
ôһ˲䣬ӿȥһµͷǸĹң
ΪʲôƫƫЩˣΪʲô·ߵһ߾߰׹ǲǣ
ٺ˺ӣٺĸײΪŮҲΪ

飡
飡
̫˾ʵȥˣЩϹĴ󳼣Ǵ̫ӣҵĸϱ͢һȸļޡǵ˼ٺĸټ޶䵱ô̫ǲҲҪ
һڳҳˡ
̫˵۰ѻϣ׸ǸʷǶ̫ѣԼةĵճӣΣ
糯֮Уǰݼ̤Ҫȵٶ弸ţʵڳϡ
ûһȦ˵ǿŸλŹۣ˰壬һΪλڽͷλ̨ǣҪǹҴ£λȴһŮ˵ڡɷдŹѸܸļޣָҿ
ɷʷةվ˵ϸļ֮ʱδТڣТޣǰ壬겻ڲĹѸҴҪдӣҪٻЧǲңϼӹ̡ܽ
̫˵۵ĸƺļȷ棬Уʷгලٹ٣óľǵͷʿ嶼оͰֶҲ
ȻҪˣҪͨɷڲźıʶҪãҪ÷ɺʵȨþǸٺòİӡ
УۻʺûϷһǴĻʺһһ˵˭ʺǾǳԾҪ췴𣿡˵ƣۻʺ°֮ʱ
˵ڽҵǸϡ㸸ةҲˡ˼˵ûбǣݣ׵Ҳûа׵һ
˵֮գҾڻʹҺһȥѵۻʺٺҵĸףƴȫɱۻʺΪЩܣͻΧԼûĻŮҵĸף±ƻʹ׷°ƽ촳ʹܵˡ
õ˰壬ժ¹ñ¹ۣ¶˵ǰغ󱳡
ļһ˰̣ĵյգһס̨ǡ
ոճгĳѻȸ
˵Ļʺ˵䵱ʺָΪʲôȥȥѳλǵ֪ƵϢǶȥڽҲһúõĻţӸλų͢ٺ»ȴָʺΪβȥ
°ѴȸۻˣѶӴĹȥסӡ
ĹλϳǿġԴӶϰ峤ﱦϸ֮ʽ϶˵ֵλ
ó˻Ѹ嵶У۾˭ѳڻüıɶϣһȥһʹ඼ûѳھͿԳȫ㡣˭һ洫
Ʋ̸ı乥򣬡ãۻʺɼƼ޸ףѾԹʵˡǴǷԹʹݣʹڡҪԹȨԹǲĹңȻҪԹĻʺ̫ӵĵλ
һŮ˲ܵʺҶлʺ֣ۻʺӣȥԹʺ֮λԳҪԹĻʺ󣬴һҪϵۻʺ֮λ򣬴Ϻڣ
˵һռ̫ӳʹ;ԭԭҰ֮أѾǰ׹¶Ұǧ޼ˡ֮ң϶ɵİһٸֻܻһУǴĳ裡Ϊܣȴסһ޸֮Ůӵڲţ᱾ĩӱĳ裬Ϊ䣬װƻװϹĴʱܴ򵽽ȥع
ζδ𣬡ۻʺǵһٱˣѾϹΡÿһҪˣҪôǼ鳼ҪôǻɿϷǱƻϵ𣿡

154 ŵ

һۻʺ˾ף÷Ϊ̫, ڽܭ, Լ˻ʵ, ڷ, ѻ, ֮, սʽȼӴ˰ѴԨ
ڶϺǳɶ˾ӱϺӼ˾ĸϺŷ, ˶иͬĳƺҳӡ
һʵԺ˭ҪٷۻʺδſĻ, Щ˶ҳӡ
ַϵۻʺĻʵۣǻ
, һֱз˾ӣ, , ĥ, ͷһؼ, һǳ˲˵мʷة, Ǵ۽硣
ԭɷ, , ܹ, ˲ֱӡ
ϵӣʮ겻˻ΪǸ˳С̹һˣͷ߷̨ǡ
ϲۻʺ󣬺̫˵۹ϵ󣬵һ̫˵۾ҪŰ죬Լϣǲ۵ġ
̫˵۸ĸʹ˸ɫ˼ҪֹͣϺţʵ۵
һ˵ˣȻ͢飬ӦóԣϲŲƫƫš
̫˵۲뵱Ҳ뵱ҳ˵ԣжȴ죬Һñ飬ֱж˭˭ơ
̫˵ۼȺֻõһΨһҽûˣةΣ
õȻҪӰңۻʺ³ص˲绹˺Ƥ
˵ۻʺ޴ɷϡ
̫˵ʣôԹ֮£
˵۵Ѿᣬ֮¡ɡԭƱãƵۣߴʯѾƽΪ˭ʶԭв֪ɽۻɱ˭Ц󡣡
򵥵˵ǹȹţڵĹܴǾȿ˴ܡ
еίһ˵ʵϾȲҪ
̫˵۲ΪϺҲͬʱʺΣǾ͸ɴ಻ͲóԹʺ
̫˵˵Ǿة֮⡣
ȻΪʺ󣬵ֻҪǲϣͲǡ̫˵ۼֱҪΪԼĻǹء
󳯻֮ѶӽеֵЩ嶯Ը񲻷ʲô£
Ϊ䶼ҵĸ˵ۻʺ޹ûܱȥˡ
ֻΪʺ󣿡оɲ֡
ãΪӹĸױҪ˹ȥ
裬ȿȣӰԺֻͲҪ˵ˣʾˣڰѰѱݵС
ãǸ׷Ҫʵס
ԼӣЩ˰ҲǵһƼۣŭ󣬹ƻǱֲˣӹĴͻˡ
˲ϴʮԭҲڼȢӣϾǴΨһŵͳãΨѪͳҼҵ
ӵѪͳڳеȨƣϲҰ¼޵ҡͶ̫˵۲ϣ˵޷һᣬһ̫ö塣ȢȢҵġ
һ䣬ĵãݼ͸ܣȥ¦ԺҹŻڼ䷢ʲô
͹֮飬ֹ񲻿ɷϣһʲô¨ӣ͹Ӱ죬ʹңҲܶס֮ڡ
õûС顣
ȻǶˡ
ǰĶӻָ˵ģ̨ǶӻȫѪ˵һĻǰ˵ȣȥ¦СסѪաԺٺ͹棬֮ĸڳЩ
Ӧ£ףȥ̨ǶԶԶһ߽֨֨һһ/ɫŰСڻ̫˾ץһСι
ãʲô
ոշСС̫˵ڽʱ㲻˵ǼУ֮κ𣿡
͵ؼˣʱ̫˵ԺڶרŽи
Ϊ̫һ˵ûϣǶ¹ʲô˵ĹȥϾⶼ˭ڶ
һȺ
̫ӼվŲЦôǲǺܸж
ạ̃ͱ׸һˡʲôʱܹ̳лλ
̫ӣƣ̫Ѹж˵ˡ
һֻֻƵСΪʳú̫ӵЬ棬ſŽףȴվȣһȥֹԲС
ЩСߴߴ֮ȷą̃糯ʱŭ𽥽ƽϢЩСвЬϴĻ
ҰɫںɫЬϸĿ
̫һҵĽź̫ѲȻҵЬ
Ьݣ̫˽õЬȥˢϴ磬̫ȻԽɾЬˡ
æл̫Ц̫Ѳöⶼ̫׿ڷԸģһС¶ѡҽֵ̫ģд֣鷨˵֣̫ѼղصࡪҲҺᵶᰮҪֻ̫ġ֣ȥ
֮裬ҵ󲿷ֶ֮ģСҴΪܶѣƽʱ裬ֻ̫ǿҪġ֣֡
Ӱᵽ̨һ̫꣬ӵĻˣ̫ӵ̬ȴ䣬ƻƽպչƻҪӻ飬ǻؼȡƽġմ̫ӡ
Ϊ˱ŮӣҪ̫ӴΪת̫
̫Ӵһ޵˵ԳһɣҲϲġֶôƯԣΪ̫ױġ֮ʣ˾дҲȻдôƯ֡
ʱһ̫꣬ӺûΪѣô飬̨ŭȺļ޵ۻʺΪĸƽ̫ã̫ٲȻΪõ򹷣仰һ仰ġ
òӦ̫ӣ˵õ֮ġҺöˡ
̫Դ̫ѲдúãǫѧˣҸһ¡
̫Ӻý̸³֮󣬻ټ̸ҵйعĻ¡
̫̫˵жĿú֮õûˣ̫ʲô紵ݶá
̾Ҫӹ޸˭
̫˵ҵ˸̫Զ壬ֻԼٺ֮Ĵʡ
˵飬ѡӦúйأȥδĶӣֶ֮ݲһ飬ӦþüĿˡ
˵˶ĵϸܿ춫ܱ˵ϸոټĶ̨ǣ䣬ûס

155 ͻ

ʿ壬ȥʿһȥ˺ҧ, ôûлõ̫˵۵ʶ, Ϊʷг, ӷеġ
оǻʵ۵۾ǰ׳ջۻʺС
óĵеС, ȻҧסϷ, ʲôɥڼ丰, ˶ΣһһεĲˣѶԷ̨ſϰݡ
Ʒ, ʫʵͲһ, иԣǧŵƷȫǲ˵ķ, ʲôɥȢ¡Լ衷ͦ׷ͦطȣȫ౾
ұĹԱиͬص㡪ǶȫЯˡ
û˭, 
һ, ۹θ, ͷô, ˭ʵ, ʿѳֳ, Ȩ, ҧס, ЩĹûһ˻߶٣ýǮ
ߵǲķʽһط١
뱣סǣǷΪ涵סǣôԺ˭վߣȥ֧еġȼķ
ΣĽ̫˵ڱ󶷷ǰǰҪ˲źá̡
̫˵ܴһƥҪܣ͵üιƥС̫˵̨ǿ´ʣó˲˵̧ͷһĻͷһ
԰֪ôٺüǮˣȻôάۻʺ󣬺֮ƵӲӲôҸɴۻʺΨһŮ޵ȥ
һܹûͷ档ѹ޵ңҿ϶мʶƵӷĴ󵨵ĲҧˣԸʵ۵һΪ֮𣬼ʹҽĽҲšܹסҲᱻ⡣
⣬ʿй¼ޣҲܹҫ棬鹡
Уۻʺ֮Ůȴ޸ʹĶӣǴúϵ棬ñѹƵ̫˵ͺ˷ܡ
̫˵ټĶ磬Ϊ˵õ¼ޣȻָ췢ıģ̫˵ۺҪֽ࣬Ϲ̴֮ͻ顣
Ҹȥ
̫˵۶Ĺ٣ؽ±ܣһжּͻܹ֮
һ̫࣬˵ةı㣬֪ˣΪҲҪֹŻµġ
ԣ£Ѹ£ȫµ˶֪ٺҪ¼磬ľѳۣ϶̫˵۲ܷġ
ⲻ֪ǽ̫˵۱Լ׶̫Ӹˡһһһû·ǰһΣһࡣ
ȥҸ˵̫˵۵Ĵ㡣
ÿЦǻϵĸ֣ԶǵԺһĶֵص뷨ǰʱСڵ˻ʵۣ²λҲУҪΪܲ١˾ܲרСЮµۣ˿̣
ֻҪһҺôҺðҲõĴãǿʢոɽҲδ֪ɻϷҪһδεıң̵̽ĵߡÿһεֶζ׾ӵĿЦֱСһ㣬ǵӰ׳ջݻʵ۶ǿٱ
ĵһһ룬ҵ
˵ͷϣΪ̫ӡ
ʣ̫ӴΣ
˵һ˵ڶһȺССӹĻ£Ҳ̫ӵĶĿϢ
룬̫Ӷ飬ֻʵΣ뵱ʵ۵ļ⣬٣ǸĸһƬТ֮ģͺѵˡ
˵㲻õģȻʱ޷ӹ޸㣬ҿԱ֤ӹ޸ˡҾҪʱ׵ĽԴΪڰѻƵ
ȴҡͷ˵˾ٲף˳һ㲻ʮ塣ʹ½ûˣһӣԼֶϻǻӹȥͷȮ
ʣô죿ʲôһݵķӣ˵ǰͷҲͬɱ˻߸ʲô˼ƣԼȥƻӵ顣ϣˣ飬ĵλҵ㲻ҪĵֶΣֱУܵ𾴡
Ը·ĵߺԭһȨߺܶ࣬ţ賤ӣ˲֪ǴӲΪų෴ǻºͿףʴȣǸСȱ㣬ԭеߣ൱ɿһˡ
¹϶ɵʿǣ󲿷ֱʿ壬׷Ͷ£Ը׷š
ά裬費ܱһ裬ةȵġ
˵Ҳ׵̨ȥĵ飬һȽ׵ķӣܹӹֹŻ£ܡɱһӰ١ûԺ󲻸ӹĻ¡
̫˵۵£ܿϳ󼪴İ֣̫˵ּͻ飬ʵ۵ʥּƹةһأֱ̫͵
ּ̨Ǵֱǰס¦ԺԼۡڵĳ﷽
ľѳۣ̫˵۷ˣ糯øӵɫжôÿ
ϣ̫
ʱҸʲô
̫˵۲ãֺõɣһצ
ʱڣѾȵòˣʪȵܴӿšˮ
бú̫˵۸һƵı
ʣ˵ϰٺͻ硣
Ͷˣô̫˵˵ǻҵ飬̫޹ءٺûиĸĻȻò
ȡᣬ̫˵ۡ
ʵ۴һոշͻʥּ
㡭󵨣̫˵ŭɶ
õʹǻʵۣҲΪΪҸ׾û²ףѾ׷ʥּ벵ءصԭǳ򣬻ʼٺͻδ鹫һλٽҲǻϵãûޣֵٺ
̫˵˵ٽǸѸ޹ˡλٽƢܹͱ뺷ĺӶһ£һֻйʱżһ棬޸鵭
˵Ѹټޣٽഺҹ֮ǻϵãʶƵ˶ټ֮Ҵ֮ңٹѸʧȥɷжʧȥңǶٻ飬˿ڵ㣬ʱոԭ
ϰٽļ޸磬ϴ˶Ĺ飬Ϻ˶Ϊ°˱ʰ
̫˵˫ֽʥּڱּͻ飡
΢Ȼϡ˵ڶڳȺʵֳŵ͸ǼңԹҫ鹡Ҫٽ޹ȥҲһġҪȻ縸ӻʧģʱΪϰأ
ϣòüȻб°·غͻʥּܽصڶΣΡ
̫˵ףӲˣ˳ͱøסˣ
Ҳӹһ޶ĻҵϵѪռΪС
ȻѾӦһˣʳԣôΪȥҧ
̫˵۱Σֻ´ͻ飬ٽ͸硣

156 Һһ

ͻʥּһ, 縸, ֻһ֮, ȴǧʶ, ٺٽ˫ЭĽ
뷨ǰةʵ۰ѺӶͻ뷨һͶˣܡ˻ɣٶǴҵб鲼ҰϦ, ȡؼ, ܱסһѪ׬⡣
ŴľĶӽл
Ѿӵٽ̨ܵǣҸʵۺݺһʼױ, ޵ҿ, Ժ˵ù, ɱͷҸ״, ˵Ҳ͡Ҫҹͷ, ޡסҵĹס, һԶٷ, һ֮ѣ̸ʲôΡ
˾ҵŮˣʹ졣
ðƽ˴, ¦Ժ˺ü, ̦ǽȥ, үڿ, 󣬻϶ģүҲΣǰٹܳ⡣
ˮѽѽԴţǣԲεʯ̣˫ַһƿ
֮ëպˮһ⻬羵ʯд֣д棬ǰ־͸ˣͼдһһ飬䷳иƱͲͲװ֧Ѿдͺëʡ
֮ɢΨдֵʱͶ棬ҵĵز
һ˩£ҡڣһ塣
ͣԶþһɡԶԶĿŸרͷӺ֮
ͣ½ŲͣææµµĶǣΪľܹһùͷķƮҡ
̧ͷʱһЦϴ֣Ŵ͵ľ죬Ҳɡô˳
ľʯ·Ϸײ֮æɡȥںɢƵĺӽ̫˵ۡδľʱͽȳΪɣҪȥ̨ǡҿԲʹĵֶζԸǣΪʹʲôֶΣҲĴңȥա
Ӳ㱻ʵۡǿҲֻһģ۶ӣҪĸףҪҹ֮λҪüǮͻʵ˺װʲôѻ˵áøҲͻʵʲô鲮ֶŮʶһҪͻ顪ﻹءȥҲ̨ˣӣҾֱ˵ȥ±ˡ
Цô˵
ЦʥּҰ·أҵȻҽпɽΪʲôó԰ڣ涼Ҫˣһѿɣ
ʵӰᵽ̨ʱʮַ̫˵ۣϾǰһ˶ǿܣӵ۹ߵλãȴľżƵıȨݣ¶ʲôζ
൱ܰ
һӵʱδɳȨ飬һҲûʵǸ׳գûȨգһԴİΪϣŬԱ¸£Ϲڡ
̫˵аιĲҲаûУ޲ţҲǡζԴΪӵϣ޵жΣ߳ŭ֮Ҫɱϣֱ˳䡣
꽥ˣðɡ㵽ߣʪã˵ȥͲȥɣǱӦ
Ӽðʪˣæӿ˽Ųܵͤ꣬˵̨սȺĳˣô
æ͵ĸףϺҪ㣬̡
һЦô·ءҶûһﲻɵȫˣܸ֪а˿鸹ؿһһ˰̡ߣȥһ·ҵúúÿһһϵм̡ܵñٹҪ˽⡯С
Ӱϵҡ
ӿ֮ػɰѳдŪƿԵĲõһ죬壬һ̺̳ϣһдĻʣһͼ
ò£˰̶ѱ÷
ͷ·ͻ˽ʱʧλ·ֱ׬ˡ
Ŀֻһ졣
գȥ̫СιСУʵ̫ѽп𣿡
ÿ̫ӣҺﵱɡ
̫ЦпյĻȥһ˽ۭҸı˸ݶĹ٣Ҹ͹۹ñ顣ҲҶǰȥ±·١
̫ЩʹǿڳУ˵˵ۭŪٵ̶֣Ƭ̣ԭԹĵ̣ڽΪݶкã
̫һ㣡ĶֽŷΧ˰ι
̫˫һ̯СȫȥȨƣʵڸۭıʲôʵȱݶǸְǳ͢ϵһƷٰ֪ͷ뻨ǮݶôܸۭıְѾʹȫˡȻۭܹǵʲݶ
̫ӱǱ˵㣬ٿġ
˵Уһˡ
̫ӻȸԾ
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һݶĹְۭϲɫֻúЦöʹɫۭõϣµĽ̫ӵĺ⡣
ۭ̫̫Ӱʲô֮ȵ֮ʰۭһͿ䣬˵ͷʱͷм
ۭǳȥʱɫܲÿ
ʣʲôˣ
ۭ̾ϢѶʯʯưԣΪۣΪԡ
ʧȥԭֻżĺֵһֱͶ֯뱤ʱһֿһԭĻҲϨˡ
úʦǰʱҲЯۭۭڽ֯˧ʱĸṩݵ֧Ԯˮн˴żϣսƴһ̡
ú̶̫ɽȥŽجĸ̨ǡ
ĹҽԹڳʯս֮󣬶ƽҲԹ
ԭԲҲʷϾ޽֮ʱΪʷϰսϷ֣׵ԹΪǰԣʯյԹΪԡ
ʯս֮Ҳʹ޳ܵ˴ۻʺ󵱻ʺԸʹһԸס
̫˵ԾԾԣҪʯյԹ̱ةˣ£򲻿ʯսԭԲֻɽۻɣƫСκһضᴥŭһҹ϶ԭպò׹갲ӣ򲻿սˡ
Ĺ۵ԭôҺûϵֻҪϰã졣
̣ûǮʲộ
Ϊ˱ʾģջʯĹ顪ӹͻ¼̫˵ָʲôն࣬͵͵ʯջ齨ɴʯյĹ鵱ջ٣̫˵ʲô۶
ʷأʯƸҡסʯջʹڡ
Ϻڳı۵㣬ֻҪڣ¾Ͷˣд󲿷ֹԱվ飬֧ͶԽ
̫˵ֱڴأ鶼ˣ޿κΣɴһȥ
˺̫˵۵ӣװʲôг˵Ҷɢ˰ɣʯɳʹͻȥ
ˣʯյĺôĴţҲ˸Ÿ
ϣԭأԹʼϾὭϵĴԴϢ֮ϱںϣ˿/ըڷɡ
գۼ䣬Һһ괺
һжϣչìҲԽԽڣ̫˵ʵ̲סˣܹ˵ܣһȣһ׷
׿ͣǼū˼Щʿ廿Ĳ˽Щ˽ĴڣŸʿȹһһεУĳʿ尲ĸ
֮ңЩԭʿܹ϶ɵչ˽һ·ƴԵʡ
׷涨ÿӵе׿Ͳܳ͢涨ĿһҪסҲǷ׿ɣū
׿ûвҵ˴̣ûܣ汲żȫң׿ͻɣʧȥ룬ôأ
̫˵ҪЩʿ޶ë޶׿ȫɵ£Ϊһ֧־ɻʵǡ
һֱҪըˣԸ˵һҪֹġ׷ⲻǷū٣ѾˡϻĲ˽ģʵۺԸףŷūˣô˵£
ȴڵŻɻл죬ϵĴҶԭĴʲôˡҲֹ׷෴һҪ뷽跨ƽⲿǻΪԼִһ߹ײġڵһĹô˼ֹأ
Ŀٿһ䣬ܹңҲ̹ǣҲȥ

157 ڽڵ

ܰԺƢϺƵǳ, Ҳˡ
, ƽ, 㲦, մˮ̰ӶˮˮԽšͨӺúˮкȥԸϺ, ǲе, ѧͨϱϾϣֻҪһֱλ, Ҳ, ֻҪϲ, Ͳᵹǿ, ȴİô, ȻˣǾԼŪԼ, 㵽롣
漰ҷ, ةͬ⣬޷ͨģ̫˵ۺЩ, ЦǺǵǩ, ӡ, ׷Ч
̫˵ۺϲ, š׷ʿͷ޶ë޶ľ׿ϡ
Ϊϵ峤Ȼܾ
һӣǧǿ׳׿ͣձൽ־ΪԼľӡ
̫˵ۿǧһսܴ־һЧһϣ˻ˣΪΪʵ̨ۣǵǵлָӶģǧ޶ǧӾͲһˣⶼ޵ˡ̫˵ôΪģÿ׼ʱٺ»ӣȶģЩˡֲ˼
Ϊˣ̫˵۰ѻܶϵ׼ҵȫͳˣϤԼ־¿ףűⶼҪǮ
ǹͷԹԽǧ׿ͣսݣò⣬¾ǻϵ£ҲùԹ
޶ϣš׷ʿ忪ʼˣŮӢ򣴨ҲϷŹ൱ҪӲ·ӹء
Ӷ˼䣬ʱˣӱ丸ôʿ嶼ʹͻʵˡ
ҲСָܼ࣬һ㶼ûյӰ죬ûжܼҵ׿͡
ǶܼΪϱصĺ壬ÿһδ̵ĺսԼһ˺ü׿ܼͣң׿ͣˮʿ̣ȨϽ͢׿ʼԼҵġ
عܼſڰĺܣӲǿ׿͡
ߵʵеӣֻԭʿ֣ϱʿ塣ǹ£ϱˣרӹةԭʿǵʹԭʿȺ֮ϻнϱعԱ
ӱ̫˵ۣЩةһֱϱںϣǻΪһ֮˽ϧá׷ϱìܣɿʿԭʿȻһ֮Ϊľˡ
˵˷ģܼڡһܹȫ
ԭʿ壬޵ܼңҲӰܼҵܼĿǰϱܴʿ塪ǿʿʼǡ঻ͤ⿤½ϣ½ˣӰûܼھеš
̫˵浽˽ŵĵزܼҵ̬ǹؼ
޵ܼһˣܹܷԼ뷨ɷܸǾŻˣָĴġ
һ˹ȥס࣬浽ǸزϣҪֵͿ̿
̫˽ˣ֪ģ̫Ӳ̨õĻ¾һ첻ܳɣһ첻ɻ飬Ǿ͡
ɨһӵĶƤҺܸ˵ŮܶŮ϶ɣǵǰ£ˡ
ֱӱָΪ˼ߣԼһ˵
˵ĺŬˣʳ׵ͬڵƣҡ
ס죬벻ҪǰСˣ
̫˵ۺ󣬾̫˵ۼŭнڱƻʵλΪ̫ϻʣȻ̫˾Ϊʵۡ
Ƶزʼûж̫˵ɱ
ʵһһ޶޽СȨȴԺΪľȨһ˻쵽ĵλǵڶܲٺ˾ܲˣѻʵ۸һԣܲɱ˻ʺ󣬰ŮƵʺλá˾ܲݣֱӰѻʵ۹صܭǣصΪֹĻʵ۵ܡ
ֻʵ룬ҺôҺãû۸ʵۣ̫˵ڸв֪
š׷ר޶ԭʿë͢Ȼڽǳа˳ɹԱԭʿ壬˳ɹԱУа˳ŵĹְ
ǣܿ͢зӯ죬Թص϶̱ȡᣬﶼʵ۹Ӳţɫǻʼҵ
´ʼʿ£
ܼ˳ۺģΪܼҳŵʿʵоƷƣʿ壬ֻҪ֧κͿԷһʿԶ٣ԡ
ܼʧµģΪܼҪϾƷƣҪ壬ʿˣ˾ܲ룬˾Ҿԣʿ׷ӵ˾ңѳκκ𣬴
ʿԣةࡣ̫˵ۺҪʿһ飬ʿܷ
õܡͳӵľݴ󶼶Ƣ꣬Ҳǳ˵ľǿԸдŸ˵¶ͳøΣǹ֮һֱĽĲŻƷ֣һȶ𢣬ոԭ츣㹼˱µΣΪһ֮˽ɱα£ʩ˺ұضɱֹ㣬ʱͲܰˡ
ţдġ顷ı˵ãڽڵҵ־ǾΪʵۣΪЧҡ
˼˵Ϊ˺Ϊ֮ȫһעڽ㣬۲ͬαǿڣҧѽ

158 

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غøȫԸ, ̫˵ۺ, ƵƵСˣcnm, Ц̨ߺꡱ̫˵۹, ͬ, ǫ
, , Ҫ
ˣ˵, Ƕ࿴һᣬͻʡɶ˵һզءؾ˹һǶ⡣
յġ顷, ͰŸ˺, 齣ǣӰң
صдһַϭ, һоʮ״, ʲôģ, ƻʥ, ҳ, , ·ʲôۣɧŰյȵȡ
Ȼصָá׷˽˼ūɢ˶ݣ䱾ɳʵĴʵ¾ӡͨýǮΪ񣬻ʿųܾãԭˡ
Ĺֵĵطˡš׷ʿǷ׿ͣ׿ͳΪȴûɡǰõĻžͱǿ飬Ϊ־һֱӴʿĿڴͶԼĿڴࡣ
ʿʹ󣬸ɴ಻ţֱӷ׿ɣݣҷҪʧȥˣɴҲò
󲻿ϷŹЩõɵǿ顣
Щ׿Ͷˣ㲻˵ҪūѾūˣΪʲôѡԼʿū͵ūʲô
ˣĲʿ壬ǿձ־ϳʵҳϿԣ䣬ʿӣ
ַоʮ״˵泼£ҳ͢Ϊ֮ʵڱƲѣȥַ泼ࡣնɱ󣬰׼ңô΢̰ձžӻصȥ
شָ̺䶯͢
ؾ̫˵ۺӡڳ͢ľӪ꣬Ƶݴ󶼶λϣͳӣΪľǰǹϵУ̫˵Ӳָɽ
ֻƳö壬ֱӰ̫˵۾ͽˣңһֱɸɾģһѪûУҾҳϵ
ҪϺ˵裬ֱӶ֣ϵصԸԲ󣬱ضַ
һжļƻ֮С
ÿŸ׾Ĳ֣һһ磬ǧĺ갡ǵ΢ĩı£һ۰צûС
룬ĪҪԷƱ㻹ᣬֻʮֱ֣꣬ʮб¶ˡ㵽ͣǻˣ϶ʤӣΪһֱ㡣
һĸ׶ô۽ڳϸ޲ðѶѶӵ˰һõһţţţûһǷĶӵƨ
֪ټ˿ᣬˣңдǳʣȥְÿ촩Űɫ·ȥ̨ſ
ɶϵǲ⣬ʩϲóĶ࣬泼ةθɣҵȺθɣ
ƾʲôû£ΪʲôҪǹ
ֱ˵شʵۺʲôľӣò
ؾҪˣͳŸݵı˭бºһս
˵ɣƽʱϺ˵һ¶Եةࡱࣺ֮
ҵģҵġ
ְȫְҪˣȫְٸ˵һ飬ȫְȫְҪˡ
ˡ
ҲҪ峤ҵϵ
ҵģһ˵㣬²Ҫۡ
ƿƵһ¶˸ҷöʾָ֧ףдǳʣȥְ̫֮
÷ӣ峤Ŀⶼ϶ϡһֻɵŷ˶࣬½󳨣¶һɳɫ˫籧ǶǶ
ֻϣܹӵĻȥ
Ҫڣø˵죬Ҿһ¦ԺǸּ
Դǰ¦ͤ˾޵Իּһֱּ֮Ͳ¶ˣ˵ӹص̫˵ˡ
һ졣
񶼷ӣ˶ٷԡ
գȥةְ֮Ҳȥ̫֮λ˼ְԸӴ̨ͷһϯȻŰɫ鲼£ЬɢװڲϯϣȻ󾲾ȴȴ̫˵۽
ΣһТĿ֮ơһƬϯϣȫ١ࡢӡ
һͷĺУ
ûоǴ֪ĸɮ÷Ҳǳϣӳõڽ̣϶
ϵӰﵽ۷ʱڡ
ϼ󣬵Эȵ̫˵۵ĸҪϳң˳ɵ䣬̫ӣŮնΪ顣
һΪʵΪش̫˵Ƿɱء
վסţƣȺ˷ͬϵĴ̫˵ۻż鳼ĲԣԩϺ
һƴҲһ֮ս
̨ǡ
Ȱ̫˵վϣɱ壬ıﵱı֮صˣȻҪɱȫ塣
̫˾Ȱ̫˵ۣʣֵزȫ򡶷׷вֵʿԹصֻΪ鳼ַϭģдֻҪͷ˱Բ̤뽨ǰ벽
̫ӣ£صϭΪҺͻϣֻǴɱҵĻӳҪıλˣʹҵͷҲ˱ġ̫ϷˣسһһͣҪ¸̫ǧҪɱˣԽƯˣԽǻƭˣƽʱ̫ѣʵһֱΪ̫ӣ̫ӵȡ֮
̫˵ҰģȻȫҹطشžݱٳ£ʲôȥֵصոմʿߣ/־мǧǰĲ˽ɱȫ壬Щ˻᲻̻䵹ꣿ
̫Ӷ̫˵˵˼ȫ壬һжˮգҲûлˡȫʹ򲻹أ˾Ҳܱȫλɱȫң˾Ҳ֣֮
Ҳ̫˵˵ϣǳı꣬Ϊľǽ챳ˮһսɱȫ壬Ѻ·նϣŻͳľصĴһһ߷ϣĻϣ̫ӣԶϵĿܡ
̫˵һеƽ߰ڶΨһĻˣ뵱һӿܣôһȨζ
̫˵Ŀһݣ˵Ȱ־ǧϵĲʯͷǣȻּ⣬ıﵱϣﲻ⡪
ʣ̫æϵʵһ㣡گͷȥˣԸľм֧ûֻ˾һӦбֻ򣬻һ׿˵ȴһֱ˭
̫ӷĿʡ
ûˡġ׷ԭʿ壬˵Ҫ򵽽ǣȡͷֳƿ졣
ؼǿĽعܷȻפڽǵʯͷسǣԿءĵճϱȴһֱ¦Ժӹ
ԭ̫˵۲ܼҸӣŮ˶Ǽ޼漦޹湷ȴı˷ҵܼҡ֮У̬
̫˵۷֣ʹƴȫˮһսҲûһʤ㣬˾Ҵ֮֡
̫˵һԥ̸ĿڵʱϵشޡҪúһ룬Ƕ¡
ϣʧʱ󲻿ϷŬȡ
ʵ·û·ˣҪͷʿȥΨһ
£л̫˵̫˵˵
û취ֻøˡ
Ϲֻ̫˵ۺ̫ˡ
̫ʣкηԸ
̫˵֪̾ĸ֮£޴ӴˣӸ鲻ǰǵ˼ɽˮĵزŵģԼ׶ӡ
̫̹أſ̫˵۵ϥϿߵʣܶԸԹԣֻ뵱һΪʷǣΪɽЧǶݵ̫ѣϵӣʿһɫֻʿһģҪ֣ܶҪȸѣһֱڴĽɽ𢡣
̫˵۶̫ӵıݺ⣬óһдõگ飬ʶ˧ۭ㻹͸ݴʷĹְнڡۭʮӣһֱΪ˽ϵȶ޲ҷЩƻϡڣ޹˲ôˣگۭΪｫ𾩳ǷҪʮһǣֻۭʵشһս
̫ӲֽӹۭΪｫگ飬ǡۭǹӶֻйְûӣۭǲġ
̫˵۰̫쵽˽⣬򿪴ţȫһư׵Ľ
£̫˵۰ѹײıˡ


159 

̫ӿۻ, ҵιԹ, ʾȻкУһֱ̫Сˡ
̫˵ָԼС˵޴ӵʱͿʼ͵͵ܵмҵ, ޴ûŹһеϸҲˡ˶Ų, , Ҳȫš
ȥһۭ, 㹻ʮӶ, Ϊ˾ؾս˾ҵͷ, Ӯһϡ̫˵̫ӵļ򣬡Ӱļϡ
̫Ӳ, ʹ
̫Ӱһᵽ, Ѿȫչ, ظ, Ϣ˾, źüϯ̵, 
ظ, ά, ֵĬ
õ̫ӵܱͷ̫˽ᡣ
̫Ӱ̫˵۽ļƻʵ˵ˣ̫أҴװϣû뵽ôǮ
ļƻҲԼ㣬ƻ¹ɱȻ̫˵ż鳼ԣɱɣ˵λ̫ϻʣȻ̫ӵʵۡ
̫תĸϹӵ̨ǲλˡ
Ҳûϵ̫˵Ͷۭѹ̫ϴΪۭݴʷĹְϴӦôˬ죬ԭ㣬ۭ
̫ʣô죿ҸʵˣۿǮ͵ۭҪۭܲ⡣
˵ۭ˵Ǯ͹ְ£ұʾѵͷΪĹԱ岻ݴǵĴȥǾȼݣʦƲơȻߴ򷢻ټصڽӣʱϴɽӡֻӶѣϿûϰĵŽʮӶ֧Ԯ
һйˣ̫˵õϣȴȻؽǺϣΪӰ
̫˵ãͰ˵ȥ³֮һҪǵôӦҵ顣Ҹʱš
̫˾ܣŵ㣬Тĸˣ԰޽֯ĸҲˡΪӣŸȥ
õͷģǾԲɱ㸸ʵġҸҲֻ߱ȨҪˣαȥⳡַϷҷģҵĸףԻλûȤԶǴĳӡ
ǸӵĿ꣬ǻλҸ˽ϣ뽫ǿʢոԭһͳ£ȶðղҪܳͷôս֮ࡣһΡ׹¶Ұǧ޼һ֮˳ѡ
õõĳŵ̫̤ϴ󴬣ȥ
¦Ժ
ӹţ䲻һֻžѥĽţס˷š
οţȷҷʱҪţ
װࡣ
౳ŷɽŽûϵҲ
ӣҽ⡣
ࣺԱߣֿ
ָԼҸоܹü㡣
ࣺ£ǲߵģϽȥ㣬˲ܸ
Դ϶ʱŪˣһȱΪūһֱĻΣñɵɹ򽨿ǣ֪ʲô⣿
±ʱ˽ٳӣϾǴĻѪͳ
ൣٳ©ںɴᵽ¦Ժͬͬʳϴ跽㶼Ҫ֮ڡ
ܲˣ㿴
׼ó򣬶ס䣬Կʼˡ
Ӿãҹϴ裬һһԡͰϴ裬Ͱߣ粽롣
ؼУָŴ
໩Ͱ㻹νԡһǰ棬ʱս״̬
ӣۣġܸ޸ǳ
ජסղſʲôˣ
ֻ뿴ԡͰӣ۸æҽڣӡ
λػӽ ˣҿ롣
ֻòһԡͰԹҲʲô۶ˡ
Ц㿴ӣʵʲôûҲ̫ƭˡ
ӣǺƭҲ࣬ҸղŶ㿴ˡ
νһԡͰеҲУֻȱ㳤ϸرѡ
ӣðɣӮˡ
¦Ϸأβ׼κβøŴȫĸ׼Ϸϯ̵أ´
һֱߴ̫˵۸Ͻɱȫ塣̫˵ۻǲҶΪۭʮڽУûжɽûаա
Ұ˳ɵĹԱΪ飬̫˵۸Ҷ֡
һ죬̫˵ټʹлｫǽıʿ壬ԭʿ壬̫˵۶ΣҪʳǡ
ϯضæסʣȫС˵ˣ
ֲʡ
ͳ֮ļйԱϵܺãϣĪҪ;ʵҪȡ
˵ֻǵͷ
Ϲ̫˵Ҫɱȫ壬ô
֪ضң˵:غֲֵܣ£δɱˣԳ͢ʲôôأȺֻΪǷǲ֣ɱд󳼶Ķݣʱɱ
̫˵ۼĽʿ嶼ƫ֪ʱɱػûǾˡ
̫˵ʣеǰ޸ô죿
˵ءаٹٶûߣ˧ƽҵĻᣬڳһӦֻܴء
̫˵룬԰ɱã͸ʳʾıߵĸл
Ա㣬ãֺȶˣ̴Ӳų̨ǣſϯض
ʣʣô˵ģ
˵ɱҳӣڴиĽӡ
˼˵ģû£ֻҪɱأةӡǻصĿڴġ
Ҫɱأͻ٣жĽӡ
ᣬɴ˲

160 Ϸȫݼ

ܲ˵ֻ˲ֹܹˡ
̫˵۾е, ȫ壬˹ٸԭְ, ȥ̨ͷ, Ѵͷϯ
ʹ飬ĸ, û뵽ϳһλҵĳ, ΢ʧ֮
̫˵һۺܿ󴬵ģͻҲд˯ʱ, ǹ, ˾ҵŮ˭ػıأⲻĴ޻֤Լ׵Ļᡪ޷Ϊַ󶼶ͳӣȥַء
̫˵ֵۣܱ޾ͺ˷ܰ
һ, ԼĶ䡪ʵۻԼĲ찡ͿǰԻ
һݣʹַ, ң΢ģΪ
ܲģΪ
˾ܲҲ, Ϊκ
, Ҳ˵ͬĻ, Ҳֻ˵滰治ߵһ̫˵ۺҪƳʹö
Ϊַ󶼶Ͼʧ֮̫˵۶ȥةĹְֻһ˾յְ̫˵۷ģַɹն׼ʦسةࡣ
˧֮޹ģصķˮַصûʽսص͡ͻơطߣֱӱٳ£˽ǡ
ǵʯͷǣʯͷһṹĳǳأֻһשʯѣǽعܷúܸ
ҹ¦ԺﱣӡȻϣǺݺݽѵһ²Ļʵۣʵ룬λΪʲôҪڣ
ܸȻģ˵Ҽװֿӣ·ż֧ȻװأǶӣ˼˼ˡ
˵ˡŴ򿪰ɡҵɷܵӱ
ܸҸ˽ڰ׵ܷøˣ򿪳ţص
ܷû쵽عλãʵȻƵסֵܳĴϷֵһΪһΪ飬һһͣһıһϯѻʵۺת
Ļ治򲻹أܼ˲ˣ˱վӵʱ򣬵ܷΪϽҪӰԸɴ϶ܸϷװˣöӵġơ֪
زѴ֮ռʯͷǡ
ʯͷǾɽ£¾ػӺͳͷס˽ǵߴ磬־ڱصˡ
ʱ˿ַ̣֪ûлصзء
û뵽ôܴ˴ȫʧˡô˽ǣܸȻֱӴʯͷǵĳͶؽ̫˵ۺɵˣ
µ̫˵Ϊַ󶼶ӣһжӴأȥ޻ء
ͷβֵŪڹ֮С
̫˵ۿ޵У޻ڲõ޾Ӧģɱȫ壬ʧܣ޲ηηβɱǶڰܵô죡
һ̾ãл־ȥסȸţֹѾ̨ǡ
־ǴӸʿ޶ë޶ġ
ΪǸڳų́ȻĴ־ȥսˣ
̫˵ۿˣᣬ̫
ΪۭｫĹְ޻ܶ˽Ǯȴٳûжֳŵʮسǣ
̫˵ػ̫Ҳƭ
һᣬȥ̫ӵ̫Ļˣˣ̫Ҫǹƥȥַأ
̫˵һæܳȥ̫˾ȫװһսӶ
̫˵ۼ̫ӹעһæȥһһ̫мݳȥ㲻
̫˵۶̫ӵȫ
̫ս̫˵ǰ޵ʣܣۭƭ˹ְ˽Ψƴһս
̫˵۰̫ϹϴţǴƴһս㲻ܣ֮㽫Ҫ̳лλʵۡشΨ·һ̫ӣ㻹Ҫ̳лλ
̫˵һ٣㲻Ҫѧޡн죬ÿһߴˡҪú̫õĻճӣ֧֣ضǰΪ̫ѣΪ޲ϳ֮£ԡڿ̫ˡıԶǣΪԼҵɽ
̫ӱϷݸ׿ģ룺ʵûҾΪĸλݵ飬ȼ֮ȥ£ð
̫ӼޣѾӦңס㲻øӡ
̫˵֪̫ӵİţԡסúõĻţĪҪ嶯ȵһܣ㻹ᣬֻжʮ꣬ԺӳĺܣҪ侲Ҫȣϳְܼӣ¶ߵҳֵڶҪȨɱ
㻹Ҫȡʿ֧֣ۭͬǱߣ㲻ҪƭһξͷϾʮӣΨһؿˣ͵ǱƣΥŵϳԺ棬һԤУԤΪĴ󳼡
̫˵߶߶£̫εҪ˸ףȴҪȥ
̫˵ϡԽԹȻϡҪסֻһĸǾǳ߹ĻʺʱūƤ㣬Ѿˣٵõࡣ
ο˶֪ļ޹Ůʧʧ꣬Īĳ裬㲻ֲ׵ĸף˻ᰵȡЦ㡣Ϊĵڳκ۵㡣
̫εģ׽һԣζɢˣͷ˵֪ˡ
̫˵۲̫ӵӣͨˣ޾ͷˡ޾ҪˣΪ׼һѾĸǰԷѾɱϣߡ
ʲô̫͵̧ͷ㡪
̫ӵ£̫Сܽ˵ȥ˶Ҫ̫ӵ£
ȥģ̫˵۽̫һƣĿ˶һۣ˵ÿһ֣㶼Ҫμסúɽͼ㲻Ҫ
̫˵ۼ³֣ѧޡ
̫˵۶Զᣬ̫ӶԸѾɥʧ𾴣ĸ֮ĳŵȥҪȥԷΪĸʬ
ոյ˹⣬ͼѾվڴ˴ȺˣǳӺ½ԵѪ
̫ʧǣðҵĸ
ѾҾˡóȥѾ͵̫չš
ʲô
һ죬̫ӵĺϺϣɽһŶ񱼡
ϴͨʿģô̫ӭţԼȹóϻϡ
̫ӹϸǰĸףҲΪҲˣ
϶õͷһȺ˴ϵķԷɱģ̫Ѿҡ
ԭϵѪǴ̿͵ġ
̫Ӻ̫һݣл̫Ѿ֮
̫ӶԸм㣬̫ε֪ϻĸɱģҰڻߵĶĿûо졣
õֻǼ˻ȨµײҾ磬۰ˡ
֮£м˻ķԷϵİΣأùעϣΪĸҲǶ֮Եʣ֮ġ
ĸط꣬Բ춯ء̨ͷȸűߣȴһشѾǿȸţ־ȸ̨ϡ
ȸػһţ̨ǾػԱ
Žָأҳȥնɱ
ҲνϺʿĲǣǱǿ飬ɻģգɱʮᡣ
־ǴӸʿ޶ģһɢɳĿԣһˣϵĲȵ꣬ʿҲ׷׵תǹͷ
ˣܣ־ûսȫˡ
һƬңӶɹȸţ̨Ƿȥ

161 Ѳ

ɽ, ̨ܵǣ̫˵, ΢, ûֹءصľѾȸš
̫˵Ѿ̫ӽԣ޹Ұ, ֣ǰļȫֻûжϱٽ
̫˵˵Щ, һֱΪ޳󣬳͢Ա˸顣֪ǲŹļ, ްļ˽ӹ, 󼸸ǶɽȥԹ¿ʼΪд֤׵ţ, Ż֤ǱȺɽȥԹ
̫˵۽ױ󣬡һΪĴ󳼣һҲʹʿ帯רȨ, սʿͳΣʿ壬άȨ޺ܸж, ֻ̫, ܱʵ롣ϣӵ, ܹʶľ
󲻿Ͻ̫˵۵ţ΢ΪѹԹĹ٣
̫˵ҡͷͶԹ㱻ȺǱѴױΪ֤ȥԹһ֮ϵ̨ʽ΢ʱһصֻҪɽڣûաֻ죬ӵԹӻô죿
һֻýżȫ˺̫˵ۡ
ϳˮ
ɽŽˮģʹⱲӲܹ飬ϡ޹ɽҲҵضصΪ
ȫͶԹʵʯգʯնмӣҪةʷΪĸȻⶼǺˡ
˵̫˵һϵԻΪ֮ĸ󣬰ź̫ӵδΪǣڿһ˵Ϲϣȴشĵ
룬̨ǹŴ򿪣سֱ롣
̨ſڣЩԥŴų̾һȥҲͱʷʲôˡ
վߵһС˵ףʱܹıܶ飬ʷʤдĪҪۡ
غǹ޸鵭ûãĶӣ
Ȼǹġ
Ӧͬͬĸ׸СӣضҲ̩ɽϣݵ㡣
ǹһֱûҲ׼檣ؾһֱûáǹ϶ɵ;ңݵˣʬӦˣذǹĲָߵٹŮױ¾ʿм
Ψһּܾ޸ʿʾֻĽءּͷɲС԰ʯİСŮóѣ鱻¥ɣǴѶǹ˹Ϊͷּ
⼸Ϊص檣Ҳһֱûϥ̿գһĸͬĵܵӣؾͰСֶӦԼ£Ϥϣܼ̳ԼִȨơ
Ӧǿųֶӣ֮󣬺عϵԽǢðûõظоЩůŶӵͷ˵öԣʷôдǸıʷʤ˵㣬ҺαЩߣ̨ǡ
ʤˣҪ̫˵ˣúóһڶ
̫˵˵Ƚˣæ̫ࣺأ
̫ҡҡͷûпĶڶҪҪ
С̫˵ҡͷǻ֣⣬Ҫڶ̫ӵİȫ
̫˵۶̫˵߰ɣźЩ꣬Ӧ²ˣ㣬һҪ꣬Ӷȥ
̫أ޵ϰ
̫˵һ֣޵ּ⣬ߡ
̫ߺ̫˵ŵһȦյϹͳһ«ƿⱲӣ˿ܡ
Ӱһݴ񡣡̫˵۶Ŷķ˵Ȼ󣬽«ƿҩһ
غӦ߽Ϲ϶̫˵ۡ
̫˵˵ҳӡ
Цʱˣϻûз룬ʵ˵¡ϵǻʱ򣬻ҵøһϡһУ϶ˣ
Ȼ˵ΪβϣøΪ˴ϹᣬһղиūְҪңֵУϣһУǻҵġ
̫˵۳ĬƬ̣˵ǻʵۣ˻ʵۣҪĻȨûдκһˣ㣬һλãͻ鲻ԽҪȨ£ûܹ⡣
ţһԣ̫˵۷εİ֣վóΣرȻһơ
εջش粽ƣǶӦϾᣬסջԾԾԣĿ⽥ԡ
̫˵һЦ㲻ҡΪ㺦
Ӧһ˵˵Ҹ¹˭
ذѶƵһԣø磬Сʱˡֵǻܹġø罻ҪԺ̫ϻʣٻ󣬹Ҵ¾Ͳûϲˡ
̫˵۹Цֵܣֻ㵱ӡһֱǸϺˣԶģ£ԵµһʿûвģʹЩšӵĻȴһֱ˴ţʼնǸˡء
Եأòϯ̵أģڼʿΪ飿ǰˡأ̨̤һ̿ʼӲһ桯֣
̫˵˵Ȼη͵³һѪҡҡ׹ƺҪף
ϣӦæʰ׶ϣһһҷ̫˵ۣҪϡ
̫˵۵ƨɸոհΣͳزγ彣泼ȥ
Ӧ״æγ彣ͱ̫˵ۣԾȸס
ҪشУƿӦȻѾˣӦһѾ븹С
ʱú͸ˣÿһĻ
ס֣ȵܵδӦѪֺԩңûУǻȶ֣Ҫɱҵĸף
ضͷӦ˵ʵ
üĶͷǺӦ̫ӣҪס̫˵Ҫ̫ϻʵģڿô죿
øϽ̫˵۸˿ڣҺãĲӦûһ¡
˺½ס˿ѪСˣҽ
ҲòˣϺ˵Ը񣬵Ȼϣ̫˵ۻţֻȭ̫˵۴ѣʵʵĵʵ۶ãҪȨ
Ҳ˺·ѧŶӵӶס˿ڡ
̫˵˿ҡͷޡˡ
˵˵Ĳأûµġ
ةడ̫˵þ̧첲ܾίĺӣҵ˼ҳ״ָӦǱҺȶ/ҩŪޣıλ
غӦ˵˵
̫˵͵ؿʼһƵĴӣöסҽʱ̫˵
ûУûУӦ粵ţأиɺ«ƿζ˵һɴ̱ǵζĳֶϹ´Ǹӡ

162 ĹȥС

̫ˡ
ֻϺ, ׼ҩҽҪ°ҽԶԶߣӴѶ
Ӧϵ̫˵ۣ˵, ҡ, ˵ķ죡ڲ׷ʵôʱ, ϿԱϣ֣֮һֻ֮߱Ϊһջʵ֧߱ǵʿ嶼ᷴǡ
ʿĻǲ߱ʿĵ, Ϊһ߱, ͱʾȡ˾, ½һ۹Ұġ
ȨһǰȨ۷ʱڣǻʵ߳Ȩַָʿ壬ΪʵҪʿæ, ҪܣҪԲݡ
ǵκʱ, ڡƷơְ, Ʒ޺ʿ, Ʒʿľ, ߹ȫʿ¢ϣȨӻʵ۹ɵʿŷΡ
һִٳɴڽ֮󣬴Ȩֳɽṹǻʵ۶ֵʮ֮һſȫȥָʿˡ
Щԭ϶ʿǣǷֹһѽһÿһʿ塣
ֹλã̫˵ǸܰȨöɸʵۣʵֻǿܣΪ˳ȨӣζʿȨڼ٣ʿԲͻʧȥʿӵ۹
ԣƫϵĴʿŷεĶʱڣʿǶĺãǼ泼ʿҲȻ֧׷Ϊ顣
Ȼ߱Ƶۣôոճĵ۹ȻԭʿǵȨջأǿȨ뼯ȨȨҪԵʮ֮ߣʣʮ֮ʿǹϷ֡
ͬһʮ֮Ŷ໹ʮ֮ࣿ
ʿﶼһˣҶϣʵǿܣʿǣƻȨǱһǿĻʵǣʿ塣
ʿԣܻʵõĻʵۡ͢вٹԱ׳ջʵ۽ݵۣһĿܡ
Ӧ侲ˣô죿ʵ̫ƻˣԻҲҪǼ壬ҪǱ߱Ķ
ǧ㣬ûϵ̫˵ۻԲ·૵ûǸӣνͣʿǶŵģǶΪɱġ
ؼʱ̣ϺҵķȣϢջϵճʳϰߣͽͷʳװϻš
ѼĴҪʵۿƻƫ泼ĲԣϣηǱӣܵԹͶʯգŴ£ܲסˣӼտʼϳ̫ٳ
ȣѻʵ۵˵ؽҪŵ֮ܡݱᣬˣϲܰ߱Ķ
˼ȫӦ֪ԼˣٶԣȥķԸ¡
ӦýסõܣϺͿϵѪɾٳȥ
ӦԹؿ³çĶӣٿϸãҡͷұȲҴ磬ҶҲȲĶӡ
Ӧӳȥˣøһۣ۰
𰸼ϵѾտҲĺ«ƿʶӣ㻳Ӧ֣
ðѺ«ƿ£˵ڲʱ򡣡
ϽȥĻʵۣһɻԼԼȻὣӦνɱҺأϱ߱Ӵʧȥʿǵ֧֡
ǡҲߵĵز
Իʸף˭µ֣
ҡͷ鲻ƺƢǿӦçײʢҰĶдϡпܣڲ뿼⣬Ҿ͵һжǻϵɱߵıϣҲ롣
ȥ
סҪʲô
˵Ҫ£һɸ봫齭˧ۭҪҸһˣҪ׽ؽǡ棬Ҫһ˳ӵԹͶʯգʵϱƭƭò
һ⻰һ㶣㡭ͷԸۭˣۭѾץס󣿡
õͷС£ûк͸˵Ҽƻ׽ģ͸ۭһǮҪסɽˣղۭѾɸ봫ң˵ץסһҡ
ӱԼĿ¶ͣʣڶʲô飿
˵ȥ̫
æԣ̫ӿҲŻʵɱϵɳУڣ̫֪Ѿ˵Ϣ
˵ף»ϲ¶棬̫ӲһɣȺǻĵģҪڴ£̫Ӱæ̫Тӣǰ˲ιҩ̫֤ʿǲŻϻţֻǱͶԹˡ
룬ö˼ǸȫһЩʣа̫ǣ
ǡþңҰ̫ӴϹʱϣܹرһ¡
ӴôĿӲǰɣ
Щǻرˡ
̫һĸʣסˣ¹
Ÿʵ壬̫Ǳģסõ֣Ӧҵģ˵ᱣס̫ϻʣô
̫ǸТӣͬĸ׵ѡѸףúϻƭףͬϣ׺úûš
˵㲻űˣܸҰɡɱ
ðѲ˵һ飬Լ໳ɣɱ̫߹ԼǻۣҲ̫͹ҵı¡ҸڣҲġң͢ң´ңѵҪظԭ׹¶Ұǧ޼Ĳ״𣿡
ö̫һݣ̫ԴΪأµϷװϻŵӣֻǱӵԹˡ
̫ӿŽӲĸףıԶǣԵ˱ƹĵز
̫˵ǰֻƵֹԲУֻۣټ٣ӣˡ
˵ûƭ̫ӣÿһ仰ġ弴ʹ֮߱ģҲڽ춯֣ضԺûϡǽǹ඾һ«ƿڰϣκ̨ȫѪ̫뿴ϸһ˿ڲһ磬ˡ
ðָ֤̫ӿ嶯ֶ֣β׾ӣŪõǻӣ±˲֪̫߱ӵ¾ô𣿡
ҪϢʵۣһַԲֵһؼëĵز
Щìܡ©ٳġֳЩ̫˵ǰƵ硣
÷֤ķӣ˵̫ӡ
̫ۣס˸Ŀ۾ã㣬㡣
ҲһԽˣˣ̫ӶȻŵġ
ۭܵõķɸ봫飬Ҫغˣ˼ƥͷһˡšƣ͵͵ܳȥ˼ƥԹ񱼡
ۭһ·˸ٱǰЩͼһ˵Żһ·˳ӵԹĵݣݴʷݴʷ˰һ˻͵ƽƼĻʵʯա
ΪУ֮µĴ٣ͶԹԣǱӵһ£ʯĴãӸ߹ٺ»ʾʯչʿ֮⡣
ʯպõһŬ£Ͷ֮ºܿ촫齭ϣ̫˵ʶ˲壬ҼӴ˲ಡ齲ϳ̫ӳҲ˳ˡ
̫Т˳ÿ˼źصĸʣһӦιҩˮΪ֣Ұ£̫ТԴؽǣûмʵ۱ˣǴ̫ӵıȺûлɻʵѾˡ
ܿ죬ºĹȥСܣһҶ֪תհѶóɹԤӭﶬʱʹجģ̫˵۲ˣ̫ӻУߵĺܰꡣ

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̫˵ڱﶳ, ⶳЩףǿԿ϶ǻʵ۱ˣˣڳɹŪסʿ, ̫
̫˵۵, ʱ¦Ժᵽ̨ƻʱһ, ̨ǼӭµۣӺͻ˹һɥģȺûй
֣Ҳ˾, 滹ҪҪ, ʪ˺ü
ڼȥϢʱ, ̫ľˣ˵ղٳɥ̫ˣҲ޵ûƻƵ, ʤ£, ˾ͺ, ʳѰ, ҹġ
ʣʱ˵ǣ
ľǵĿŴ, ʹｫӦӦǰĹźܣѹǶ˻һ룬ֲþܾЩİΪźʵʲôǼӣÿҺ̫ʲô˵ʲôȥʲôӦ
ľŵĽӣԴӼ޵ʼδ־档Ҳ֪̫æżźȵҩһˣŮڶǶףÿճ˽̵ǣʲôҴӵʱӦҲԱ߿ţСİףҪߣô˵Ƕߡ
䣬űƿˣһ̫࣬ŮŲ͵Ľ²˳ڷﲻˡ
ľͰ͵ĿӣֱԳ
ǰ̨סһ꣬ľСúչ˹ģȻɩ̸ϽģҲеģο漰ʼҵ棬ӱϾ˾
ӴЩˣ䲻ܸ֣죬⼸˶ףؾ֮ӦĶĿӶġ
˿̫Է顣
ӦϾͱȵһ鰡ԶģԼӶ
ӵ£л̫˵
˲Ӧ
ʵ̫Ӻ̫˵ʱҲԱ߿ţ
˲ӦȻˣ̫ãԼˡ̫йܣ˾ҵˣǲ㡣
üСආȤҲ⣬Ӳټ֣̫˼޹ʹļҳʺ˶ĸСӣͻصü顣
ӻصѾõƻӦѲ̨ǣӦȥƻ˵
Ӧ±仯Сطة࣬飬£ľλøһǿˡΪصĶӣӦӣλһ
ȡΪة࣬ձȨλ֮ϡƾӦŴоǵһٵͷ
ӦȲ裬ӣϾǴ͸дӦеӣʧӦеǣʲôأοȵ̫Ӽ̳лλǼѾȥˣӰѶĶĿɡ
ӵ˼ǣ̫˵ᣬһ߱ʵʬʹ˻ɣҲû֤ݣܹڣûбҪٶŶ
ӦǰʱҲסϾۼأȻӹһ˵ܹϵӹͲܷ˺õľĸŮңǹĵڶҡ
ӹĻ¼ۣһֱû䣬ص˼øúӹȵɥڹҪɻˡ
ô˵ӹδɩȻ֪ȵ֮࣬϶Ҳøġ
øõϣӦмֿ֮£ة˼ڹϲʧСʻ괬
Ӧ룬ةѹӡ
ʲôûӦݵֻ˵ĿõģľԱŪ̫յ£ϾĸͯŵСӲáЩ飬̲һֱûаȫУŵùةأ
Ӧ룬˵飬һǰĹŲʲô㶮ʲôһʲô©ҺةҪùˡ
˵ףӦ飬һñ顰ʡС֮ϻһءӦ±Ҵҹ̨Ѳӡ
ǣӹˣֲܲ˼õӡ
Ӧһᣬ˵ҵѴҲ֪
ӦָָԼСҺֲ̫ú̫Σûѡ
Ҳһ˵ʮᣬعʯһţܹعȥʬ塣ʱӳĿ
ӦͷӦˡ
ȥ˶̫Ľ̫һɫҲطлæѾõĽˣҸмеͷʱ򡣡
ǹˣ㼴ʺĿǰصة࣬ȥһ֮أ̫ӽܵۺӲȶʱɡ
̨ǣӦһЩ̫ɢʱĿһ̫ĸദʱҲҪˡ
̨Ǻ˽ţǰһƬѪȷ硣
صة࣬ĻƢֶΣ̶Գýдϴȵǰĸ󳼣ӵԹʲôЭԨ˾и׿ȵسȫɱ⣬һ
ػҪɱЩһεĹԱֹ
˵ϭдֻ׶׶ӵӣΪֹɣҪɱˣɱȥССٸԱɱġ
ΨһĹְ̨λ֮¡һ˴Ȩһǰ˳ۡ޺κεˣɱˬأƫҪһˮҪŹ
زģ磬̨ǰϯʱЩ˶侮ʯΪβɱ㲻ɱǣǱػᷴҡ
˵ûԶѣҲûԶĵˡ˼׶񣬾סǣǵǹⶼ棬˭ȥЩ˶ǽͷҡڵĹԱΪһة࣬㲻һζƫ̻ԼˣҲҪѧǽͷݹԱЩԱŻΪáٳϣûкڰ׷󲿷˶ǻɫɰ׿ɺڣɱġ
Ľ̻壬䲻ȫͬҲֱӷ˼ֵֵܳìܣ˵:ˣҲҪǵ㣬ȥǵĹְԼ˰ȥչٵ˴Ļᣬйұʾģٸǹٸԭְǣҳ࣬Ҫͷǡ
һֱξãԲʣˡǸµģ̣þͷһȥࡣ
˻඼ΪԼǶԵģ޷˵ԷֻûЭسŵɱǣҪȰѰչ١
İ壬ͬҲû취ٴһѹ˰ֻ࣬Ǹ
ֵֻܶɱس٣ȫ⡪Ҫչ١
ɱͷϣذдȥˣд֮󣬻Ŀ֣ЩϧϾǽʿƽ˹ϵͦą̃ǲϯʱΪ顣
ʱĬĽ̨ǣų̂ǵʱ˵ɱҳӣڴиĽӡ
룬Ϊ٣ҪɱõܣΪ飬ĵλָߣڡ׶񡱣ɱ㣬޷ڰ
ϧŻҲûҪ
ø̨˴ǹٴʱڻʱⷢΪ飬ʵֻɱأĪҪ˵裬Ǿ仰ı⣺ģû£ֻҪƽɱأةӡǻصĿڴġ
İ𣬡죡ȥʯͷ⣬ֹ̣ܲʡ
֡
ÿ˸пҪŵ裬æϵʯͷǣȻȥһõʯͷʱͷ½أʬˡ
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Ǹ޽еȨɱ, ɱ¾ķʽȥĿꡣ·, , ˭ɱҪ⼸سʼɥʧԭ, ưͬ, νǡڲ
˲, ʧȥ˲, ɱ, ȴźһֱݵΪԭǾ޴Ĵ
ʼһɣѵһʼˣҲȵۺ󣬹ͨūŭʿ壬롣
ҲΪ˿Ƴ, бȨõء
صԸ嶯ִţ˭Ȱ϶Ҫ, Ҳ޷ı䡣
ûһУʾͲôҡ
üһӲʮ, ۣ˵ȥΪܲʬ, úᡣļҲúð١
, ȥŰ, վȥ̨ﻹûпĻѹ裬һͷƲʵĹԱأԶȴΪ飬ҲϣٿڶʵԴ
ǿϸģĹȣͰѶйŸȥʯͷţܲʬ
һ˵Ӿջ𣬡㣬Ҳ㣬ܶꡣ
һƨڳԯϣҲ㣬ֻǸݳġ
õȻ֪׺ͶܹϵˮݣǸڲةˣ״̬ԣһСˣԸһ׮ɴ֧ȥ
蹷ӹء˱˶
û˻ᵱŷ蹷ӵȥ۸˼үӣ±ҧ
ΪܵĿһ㣬ţĳʯͷ⣬һͰͰˮϴ棬ѪѾϴɾˣлһѪζ
ʱһڹײĺ£Ŵһ𣬸ʬѿԴȥһȫʬ
ةظոտ˲ʵԴʬ޵ôģ֪ΧȺڷ׷˽ǲڧˡ
ܿʱฮӦӸϹ޸ʩһøӦ۾ϹƵģûпͲˡ
Ӧλ˭ӾȻĿˣӦЩ߽ȥǰΣ
ɴӳԯ˳ﶥڳգãܿԱ߾ۼö࿴ӵŮɣӦˡ
һȺŮ˵棬Ӧ÷ʧֻ뿪
һߣֵܻܹѵܹ
صҸɱ˲ʣøΪʬɥɱҲøͬģΪ˾ٶ
ѲΪؿԩˡҪ
ؿһ飬̾ʺþƣֲ˵ܹøûԩɱʣһļˣҲ˻ء
˵ͬʵҲһ⣬Ѿˣװ׵ᡣ
Ӧˣฮ;УӦױԹ
ؽ̵ӣҪ̫˶̬ȣµˣΪСֵáһֱǷŵӣ˭û㡣
ʵ˵ػͦϲΪƢԸʱȥ԰ʯͣʯŮȰƣؾǲȣزȣʯɱȰƵŮȣɱŮȻξƲմ˶زںô˵
ȥǹĹ޸䵭һ궼˼ΣݻضͰʱԱߵĹһ棬˳ùȥԣⲻ֪Ƕ±ǿõġϴ֣ˮԱһ֭ĺ춹Ҳˣ֪ϴ趹
ˣֳµЦṩ˺üЦϣȻ治ĲΪܡأʲôʲôнة֮λ
ӦϾ˼Ƿͬ˵ġ̬ӣвˬһҲң
ѾةˣûбҪ
ǸضҲˣӦͿ˳ˣҪ񣬾ҪĿɽʧơ
Ӧ˵ףʵҲˣȷΪ常顣ǣҲ˵泼׵ıͲ޹أΪŻѪǸˡ
ףǺͲһͬһ֧ҲзݣʵǲвƾʲôҪ־ضǺˣ۶ֺѶ˵Ǻˣ
϶ܲʵ裬ôǳΪ泼ǶԵġһ泼εةࣿηڣ
ӦȰףڲϣܲʵļ˿⣬Ҳ˻ءǲ޿⡣Ϊҳô׾ǳԼɱ泼
سĬˡϾǶӣܹȥ⡣֮ʹļףһҪءȴûпҵѴҺͲʣǺڼףҳʲô
صฮذӦĽ飬ֻܲʼ˻ҲֲֻΪܲƽһ¡
Ϣ˵ȥ常̸һ̸
ƣӦˣôһԾͷڣ
Ծæֹã㲻Ҫȥӣסʵļˣġշ
õ޹
˵ʱڣȵ廹̨ͣǣܳκ⡣϶Ҫһ¡
ǿ׳죬Ц֪ô¡ӦһβͶˣǰףûխһᱨǡһ常˵ʲô
ӣ֦ڣ¾Ͳɰ첻ļ
ףҲ׸֮ˡӦ˸Ҿ͵̫ӣǲǵü¹ҲŲ̫ӣҾɽֵʿŲ
ˣұ죡Сĸǻ
񲻹ܲˣǲ㴰ֽ˶Ϲᣬֻͷ£ΪЧûдλҰġһةȨȴȡ֮֮ġȨʵ̫ˣеǲܲ١˾ܲҰĲ֮ˡ
ʵ˵׺ʹˣ»һңڻȤԻλû׷˲⣬ܲ˾ܲȨӦӣһܲٲاһ˾ܲ˾ʦ˾˾׸ӡ
һѺֻĽҽҪס죬ûӿڳ
Ʋе:ߣСܡΪ˸׵ָײȣǶӲТˣ
һˣùˮסܵܣ˸еĽ룬ڰϣϢŭܵĻĿȡ֮
תָİĳӣ˵߳࣬īߺڣԺҪ϶ߵ̫
ƫۣѹһݻ˵ʹˣҲӰ졣
һֱ侲ûдλҰģҲûСǶԻλȤǲܸı˵뷨ˡֱԣӦҰ͵µ񶼿常ҰĲصıȽףʵɣ常ѾˣǰǸԸ׸ء
૵ġӦʢǺҰģᡣ
Դ˸׵ͼһֱװصһѽţ¡Ҷ⣬Ͼոû壬²ĻԭġȼķҲ޷ִСװѽĵӦ֣ٽϣɾʹҵ
ѽ뷨ʼԸⰴո׵˼ָĴģԼˣѾָʹˡƾѽ룬ңײҪӱˣҪ飬ҪôѱѽҪҪô
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㡪ǰ, ȥ, 仰˵, ֻܳĬ᲻ô
ùɣõ㵽Ϊֹ˷, ¸һ˾˼
һ, ̨, ȥƻ, ˵˲֮
ҲΪϧ, ȽΪƽðǷ֤ݡ
鷿̾׺ѹʮ꣬޷˪ס
ü, һģìûоͷΪ̫˵ۣһоͽԴϲ, ǲûУɸ⡣
һȨҲޱĿܻʵ, һݡܴıĴ󶼶, ةְ֮, ȻزöԸ
͵رס, ̰ϵζˣϾҲǸˣۣᷳоܾ˵⣬Ѫ֮ˣǰֶ֣۶ôǿ侲Գ֣˼ܣһһԷɱڶֱ常ء
ñĬĬһᣬоָ˵һֱӣСԺܺá϶ɵ·ϣʱҩ֮˯̧㣬֧ŲסʱҺأشŻйˣǰȫʳѩ̿
㱻θ°ߣɱԸӣ˲ɱͬ棬ҲҶɱġ
ǰжȥ˵αװȰ˵ҪôѱѽҪôѽ˵ףܣȻЩûиѡѾʧȥȨشȨѡ·ѡ
ӻرãԴļϣһ·㣬㻹ңʱôѶˣҲа취ġ
֮ңǴβ޳˵ǰ·ϣӻǱȽֹ۵ġ
˵Բûֳܶŵ˵ģֻú壬һжҡңķ֣ʲôûܡ̫Ըǵ̫򵥣ΪҵĻֻ軻һĻʵۼɣʵģһ䣬ʧˡ
ԵһУȨĻϣʧƣͣӦҰĲôȻϵٲ֮أʱҲһ꣬ӺõĻҲֶ֮زۡ
õѽôôΪأ
˵лΪҳһƬ죬Ѿָˣϣϣ½ԼҪֹӦӣҿһ֮
Ѿ׼ˣ֪岢һǴǿܣҲпܵĳǸձȨȨȡ֮ġ
ңӹЩֱֻ£һͣڶǶԸȨҾճһҤճƷ಻ÿȫãǶԸȨҺû
ӹãҲԼʲôʲôû
ûصָɡ
Ͳٻ³Էʣµķʳθڻ
ܳԵȥҲͨˡ
澳վѡ⣬⣬ȴӲ֡
ȻϣȲʱ졣˵ʲôֱ˵ҳԷѡٻ£ôĿûгԷôɡڣǼ鼴
ֱֱȥŤŤ󣬡ʲô鲻ģͷޡ
Ѳһţ㲻˵ˡ
æסӣ˵˵ⲻ̸Ū½𡣡
ôޣûͨ˵ҵɹԱ£Ҳף׼û¡
ֻ˳ӵƢֱ˵ˣи檣Є˺ʶ
˵ʶˡҺЄֻʶ̸ˣ˺ЄЩ顣Єǵ԰ʯĳŮóɣǵӡ˵ĸ˰ǽ԰ͣ˺ϵʺϷ絹̨ʯ˰Ƕ㴦ˣȫұ鲻Ϊ檣¥ԾŮЄǹˡ
ٺ˰Ū¥ͱʮߵΪ˼ʮ󻹰¥ˤĵطҲΪ鸴𣬸ЄЄһֱܸмΪҺãЄݼڣм顣Դأڣҵ˽Щ
ŷˡ˹ȥŲ֣ıءΪ˾ң
һ߿ɷ򣬡ϷˣֶţޱߵİͷһҪأ
һ䣬һˣƽʱûƹô쿴ôϣһңûһͷء
Ӳ֣ԽԽ˺ЄѹϵЩ飬Ů˼˵ȽϷ㡣
ʣҪعˣСӵС檸ʲôϵ
˵ⲻرة࣬ҪøˡϲЄЄӦÿʮ˰ɣã裬ةฮﶼˡǰͷǹͰˡ
ЄҲǸˣڶʺݡʱʦָ㣬һѰ١ǹãһն벻
ǹظ䵭ؼȥз񣬵ÿȥرЄѡ
ǹ϶·ȥѲƱױҪŮǴʿޣֵЄЄʾʲôҪֻҪ
ؾôЄΪ檣±󶼶ة࣬ʼֻЄһŮˡЄǹū澣ƽƽԲԳݣЄ
˵ةฮΣǸ檡
˵ҰͣҿѹסˣӦСӴΣҪ
һѪ᲻λãظ̨
ʹɱﵣҲ࣬ӹõĻ¾ͻ⡣ʮϵʮ꣬㲻ЄɶĿ鱨ӹֻѼӾҪ˸ˡ
İ𣬡ܣ˭ҸϱҾŪ˭
ƣԣ˵ĶԡǼҵĴϱȫָ˳һˣȵǧ
·𣬵ӣЄȥ¦һˮ

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ɥڼ, ֹһֻ, Є, ںͤȲ裬ûдٰϯ
ã꣬籾ΪЄȡƳ٣Єţ׼ʱ¦
Єʮ, ֻǶʮͷٸ, һഺפǱʱ˵ŮˣڱϿϷ˪Сŷ顣
, ѹֳԵ˶
ЄعΪһֱң
磺ǰˡ
ЄûͷƵߵѬϣճյĿһˮ, һÿǱ֡عãţ޵ùӡعӵеЩ, òʲô
ЄһЦ, Ҫʿ, μ޵õةࣿɫȨǾ, Ҽة࣬ܳΪع˵ϱ͡
ЄܻҫȨƺòֱӣ˵ɫڣȨȥûȨƱӻĻҲҪлǣʯһ׹¥
ЄľЄļɣʦָ㡣
Єع˵˼ǣǼةҪҪѰӻ֮ˣ
˵ϵ飬ҴӲʡ㷽ҵǳǰΣ˭˵ֻΪòϧһ使ҪȨر뵱ʺûȨƣܾ裬Թٴη˶겻࣬һŮˣһòŮˣȨƣֻܱ˼̤ƾʲôҪΪ飿һʻҪԼҪѰһɽɽסɽɿ
Є룬ع˲ƼԼҷɣܷҲ̫ͻˡΪɷԼСǽǡ
һЦҼǸͷӣ뷢˪ףµ˥֮࣬Ҳ֪ܻ꣬Ҷϣûõഺա
Ҳֻв˵Լɷ
Єʣ˵˭
ָ¦Ժˣӹ˭˵Ů˲ܵɽˣ֮ǰĿɽһֱŮˡ׹¥㱻ǹ쵽ʮ갲ӣ֮ңٱϣûӰ쵽ҹҹϸ衣ĵλȻһŶӷīǳȨȶˣ˭زҶ͡
辶Єָ·Ӱ֮ҵЄĿùģȨ»Ƕô죬էȨȨȨ죬ҪҲ˲Ϣ֮顣
أӹͲȷסһЩ
Є´Ų磬ӹΪβˣ
ָ̨Ƿ򣬡ɥڼ䣬ӹס̨ǣ̨ǵصĶĿ˵㣬湫Ϊת档
ЄʣӹһΪعΪԼɷعة֮λҡ
ĵµûȴ˵ǹʱҲ˵ҺʺĽ飬Υɷ˼Ŷ뿪ص֧ʺɷȥӣرǿǲҺͶӶ뷨ӻصʺȹѵʱ⡣
ҺɷǷޣǵһ£ʱ෴ġ˳޴ӷһԷҵԸΪҲӲˣֻԼģԼΪԵ顣ǰ֧ʺ֧ӹӹǻ壬ǰɷʱʹ಻г֮ɷӲв˾ҵĻλ޴λȡ֮֮ġء
˵ӦرˣҰͣɷҲѹƲסټиӦ⺢᲻֪һждϣԸдλ֮ģɽⲻӹԸ⿴ġԻة࣬ǲܻϡԣӹи㣬ϣ壬дλ֮٣ףǰ֪
˼ǵӦ
ԣЄŵģĸһֱվʺߣ峤Ħʱʲôܡ
ѵǰĸٻôҪɢȥôЄس˼主󻨣᲻ǰٻȴҲһĲ
̫ҵʱ⣬ЄĲκ˶ǿңһϯִ˵Ƿǣһκʱܹá
Є˲裬˵лعƵң֮ǰҪۼӹ
˵š
Єǣͷٿ¦羰ʲ磺ͽ԰ɽˮ㣬ع˶˾Ǹ
һ֧¼Єϣﻹô˶زȥˣ԰ƳΪԳļңЩʱ⣬˰ɡ
ŮЄıӰƺҪͽһ𣬲̾Ǹˡ
˵ҲǸįˡ¼ƫɫ˫ɽĻȥ
룬޷ǳ룬ÿ˶㣬̫ԸˣΪһζ谮ŮЧңʵ谮ܴ氲ȫС
翴Є־ڱصãдһţҪӸҪЄǴӦˣҸڳһ档
ɥڼ䣬粨ϡҪȨֵͨƵƵִ
Ϊȵ۵⡣ȵȻıϾǴĿ֮ôֺžӹɵġԪʵۡ
ǽһԪʵۻҪȡţǿ֮Բܱһֺžʹˣȡһͳɾйϵĺš
̨Ⱥŵ顣صĶӦˣɷ羰˵һ䣬Ҹ˵ովսңкܶҪ¾һһ
ȵۣȵȵиţôڣȵۻֵ硣
ûõֶܺӣֱ˵񷨲ܷϡйе£ȵ֮ôûţľɵ͹ͶΪڡ
䣬ãгس£ܷõ˷׷׸飬˵źá
ԵõӰˣشȨǳ಻ֻȴġ
ӦԱ񣬻ȥ߸ףջ̨ϷΪֵַãֻˣͬڵš
ػ̣ӦҪըˣڴ޹⣬ǵŸ׵棬ֲ˵Ĳǣֻô֣˵ףҽȥ̨ʱȺ̫ӵǻ֮¡
˵һ޾ǻ֮¿̲ݻ
Ӧ˵̫Էᣬ̫ѣ̫Ӷõģõģ͵ġף»ʵεİһ𣬶ǲʱһ֪ƫ»ʵۻƫǡϵ棿ҿ̫ӻкüܵܣСĲŰ꣬ǸСĻӣźÿơ
ʵҲǹСڿƳ̫͢ӲùˣѾΪˡǣسƬ̣˵̫Ǵ
Ӧ˵򵥣ڹТڼһԲТ彫ϵɡ
˵̫Т˳˾֪²չˡءȵۣĸӵȥˣ۸ĸ޿ޡ
ӦЦҪТϷĸأӿˣȵº󹬵ļɫ̫ӻᡭ
ЩЄˡ

167 ת

̨ǡ
, һ컹뿪
, Ŵɥ̫ӿһ, ֶɤҲˡ׺̫ӵˮġ
ҹһЩ̫ùûһλҪض˭֪ո, ̫ӵƵȥ, ͷ˵Ρ
̫۵ıݣûж⣬һʱѪͳʱ絶, 
һŮæ򳵹̫ӡ
̫ӱ˲ţͷĿѣ˳һӦĸԱҽ, ߶ӦĹˡ
̫ӵûȥת䣬ȥ̨ǺĻ԰ʼ԰̨ͤ¥ӦоУ̫ӱ˲һ
Ե̫һɥ, Ƶ˴ȥ
һᣬһ˱Ӧƽ, ȵ۵ӡ
һϳ̫, ŵü, ӦסͣҪǽúñ֣̫⣬³֮ة̫λݣԶ̨ܸٻǲȵ۵ĹȱһԸѳӡ
ӦҪЮ̨Ѿƣ̫ӶҪģֻȨƵͷ
ܺáӦ⿪ӵȵ۳ϵ鲻ҽ̰ɣ
Ӧ͵һ⣬Ӵڵء
ʹ֮ҧҳ
Ӧʣ˭
ӿ޵:̫ӡ
ӦĵͷȻӵһֱϵϣӦ˺ӵȹòӽ˫ڴϣʵ˭㣿
ֻöߵ̧̧̫°͡
Ӧչӣס˳Ů
˵̫ľĸ˯£ȵҹ̫ӻǵģ˹ˣ˵̫ӵĳݱҪض;̫ͻȻı⣬԰ȥˡ
̫ţȥѰ̫ӣ;ƻӹһȥ̫ӡ
Թɩ˹ͬĶ֣ϵƽǢ̫ˡ
ûƴǣ̫ţ
̫ôڵµúʱǸͷأ
̫֮˵ϱͶ̫꣬ĪҪΪ˷գҲĺô
ŵǣһзղŸոտʼ
ţ˻԰ӦһлպѲӵˣ˵̫ȥ̫ӣӦ˵԰ɽ࣬ײزȫһ̫
̫ƴ˼ΣѲһ죬ô˻ûϢ鷳ӡ
Ӧ΢ӦģɥڼΨ͵飬ʱǰѲߵһЩ΢̫ӻضͻֵϢ̫õģοӹһ춼ˣ΢ҽۡ
ֻ̫Ӧһ·͵԰
һյյƲ꣬ҹĻ԰ˣϵèͷӥ
̫Щץסӵ֣գģµġ
˴ſڣŵ˼ƺƵһȺˣû񣬾ʹҴȥ
Ӧһе̫ǹʲôͣ£
ǹ˲ܵĸˣӦһ֣·һӰΧһӸҺ̫ӹȥѰ̫ӡ
̫ɫҰףˡ
ӹҲ˵棬ǵ㹻ˡ
ӦҪһȥɷ˵Ю̫ӹߡ
Żæܽȥ˵ĽŲӦ׼ȷҵ̫ڵķ䣬·ĹѾټǴϵ̫ӺȻɼ
ˣ˯̫߻һԵ̫ӱţˡ
Ӧ̫ӣڹТТ飿ѣ
!ТǴТ̫ӴλҪΪˣ̫һƬհףҪ̱ڵأһѷˡ
Ӧ˹ȥ͵ؽҿӣʱһ㶣ѹˣ̫ϵɥ룬ţﱧһԲͷͷȵùĶ
ֳô󶯾̫תѣ۾ӣ̫ôˣ
Ӧסˣأ
һЦ:̫Ϊڴˣ
̫˵˼ʣǸɢС֮ͷϻиʵζպۼˣʹЪһٻضû뵽˯̵̫˾ûнңǹˣǲ˼
أӦģýÿʿ£Ȼ¹ȵȿܵĲ֮ʲôȵ۵ӣټһˣôƾʧˡ
ʲôˣ̫֪ʡ
̫棬̶Ӧ˹ʹĵֶζԸ̫ӣֱ̫񣬻ߵ̫ӸǰҲӦǰʲôˣˣ
ѣӦͲˣһ˰ڴϣʱܵȥ
ֻҪҵָ֤̫ӱ/ĸô׽ڴ
ѹ˸׳죬޹
̫ǣ̫֣ɫӦ˵̫ˣȻضѡ
ĲõһϷӿϷ˱˱ϷˣˣӦʢԸ
¡Ӧסӣ̫һֱҵ˶ţһ֪Ƥ°һ˱ߵֻй㣬˲ںδ
ڳϣ㱻θƵķ**ĵ·Є鱨˵ӦҪȵ۵̫Тʱ³ˣôϵ˶뵽һȥˣ
ǰθӣӦӣΪ治ֶΡ
Ӷ˶䣬㿴ûУǲҵƻҲҪһѣ
Ӧ˵ΪҲ𣿡
˵㵱Ȼң̫ӶƣһǰĹʲôأֻѣվ裬˵ڹ͢Ұ̨ΪΪ۸Ӳ̣֮ҲһΡ
Ӧŭͷһ͹𣬡ң
˵:Ҿ͸ҡ
ӦνֱָӣҸһλᣬ
˵Ҳһλᣬְɡ
ӦЦһӽӳȥ
ӺһŮˣһƿӣνӭӦžһཻĽһԵӦۣ֣彣ء
ࡣ
ӦŭعӷˣҹΪܼ֪𣿽عӶҸ´󽫡һˣΥɷ͹˼ܼұضǲ顣
һŽӦĽߵ£˵ѽҺ°Ͻȥɷ͹ɣܲܰͻȥҸպؼһˡ
ֵӽҹΪˣ˵֮Ҫɱ˴ڣºΣ
Ӧû뵽׽İѱ̫ӵļƻ̫ҪɱķתֳΪ˱˵İѱ
ΪˣӦӸĴǲ̫ӵǻȵ۵˵عڽˣȺӹȻң̫ӵǻΪۣ̫ƴκ󣬵Ĵνˣ˳ǻΪ̫

168 褴Ƹ

̫˾ܵǻ, ̷ľΪʺĳ˾Ϊ̫, ԼĸΪԥ¿
, Ҹļ޹ԭ, ܷ̫, ǳ˷, סеȰ̫Ĺţڿྡ, Ҳ̫Т
̨ǵǻǵԩ֮ﱻ͢ʱ˻ߴԩĲ״˭벻ʮ꣬ϾҡһΪԥ¿, ̫ͬأ
ˮھˡԥ¿϶̫˵ĸн죬Ĺ, ǧҪ塣ЮȨҪɡ
ɾã˾ܷΪʡɣ̫۵ҡ⣬ûС̫˾ܵĶ̫ʦǰ̫Ѹһ㡣
Ŀǰ͢ƣøӺͻʵ˾һ, ԿձȨӦӡ
̫˵֪, ǰ³ç, ø, ܷϺһ˶ǰӵİ, Ե±ԹͱТ̫֮λܹ˳ǻΪأ
̫ۺĸ˵һ׮£Ǳ߻еܵܣͻСϻü
ڸȵء
ԥ¿ҡͷȻ͸ͲҪڡҷҡڣѱﻹܹӡοìܣһ²һ£ĪҪŵѱ
̫᲻ܵܣТ˳ĸ׵Ըã޴͸ǹְǡ
ϵڣóǰ;οûǸ£ǴǺǣаգֻϣûΪٶνԥ¿ӣ˵ӹͨ籨ţеܶƣãҲҪ
ʵ۵ĽΪ̷̫Ϊٺȵ֮ΪֶŮҪһТڣ̫۾͸ôͻˡ
һͷฮԪ˧̨ǻӽӦԿӦ֮£ܷܸıȨѸйȥһٽѵιƽ£ܼʲôʱңʲôʱ̺ܽöϱʲôʱ
ؼȨةһ壬ȨֻܷܸķݣĻؼҡ
ɷܸ˵̨ǸӦһ£·ͻȻҽӵϢ̸Ϲȥˣº֦ڣûи͸ס
סӦߵİѱ֮ŻؼҸɷ͹
ˣܸǾһˣ˵ӦøҵġҲ㣬̨Ӧ䣬һ˴̨ǣҺܵ㡣
˵ҲǹǰȥҴҵĲܴȴ³çοҲúֻա
ܸʵΪβܼҵĲܼҵĲѵҵĲ
಻˵ѣʵʵ˵ǡһ㡣
ɷϣѾܿίˡ
Ұ̣˶ҵ˽սĵȻǼҵǳܼܱȵġ
˵ʵܸһʱŵ̫ˣҪüŬϣĻǵͼޡɽ޵
ܸ˵ҸվһߵģԭʿҲԸعͣҪλƱҪȨһűֻôҪ̵룬Ӱ󲿷ʿ棬һֱԸ⿶ʿǶ֧
Զ֧ӹѣϢ꣬˾ҵĻλظӿ飬ҪΪܲܣ̨ǣվڻʵߣԿӦӣҪҡ
ܸ˵ҲҪ㣬ѣҲҵӺܼҵĶϱ
ΪѣѺɷҪѡ˰ѣȴɷ͹˹١
ì֮УڲͬķҲ󵨣˵һҪ㻹йͬ⡣
ܸѸӶϱ̸
ķӣܸ̱ʾԣԣô顣
ܷȴÿɷ񣬡ɴ߲СڡȻϱ⣬ǸˣˬһЩҾÿһԣ͢棬ܼҲԹۣҪܵˣ˽ˡ
ҲȰɷ򣬡Ҷű˴ˣֻȨ֮ƣ᲻źײǣοֲᡣ
Ӻ͸׶ܸͬвʣҲֻܵͷ
£˵ɾ͸ɡҴʰһСȻţܸϣ׷棬ס
಻ڴϺֱײҡУ߷·̷̯ӣ˦˼һƬҶܸں׷ᡣ
ܼסڽϪסڽĳһ·ᴩϱСֱŤֵǽֽ֪ڵʮҶɱȥҶ˺ҷˣةԼţβţ档
ൽŶϽӭλḶ́ԽżţŶ˵ţ
Ŷָźܸǹү
ţſ㽫ߵú£ͶޣñӴ˨ѴŸˡ
ܸ˼ҵţߵŻҽͣ
Ŷ뿪ŷŹүǲıӣλڼеλȻ˭ǡ
˵˭׼
˵꣬صԼȥĹ뷿СӽȥȻȥͥԺ轣ԶԶȥһƬ⻤壬˭Ҳҿѯʷʲôˡ
ܸҵȵҹҲû˿ţֻȻؼҡ
գܸңԳԱŸ۷׷ף˵ܸìܣС޺ܿҪˡ
Ҳѹ֣ŻŲԣ㣬زۡ
գܸ
գةطܸΪʽΪĸ󽫡
˵ҪӦϲŮ˸ҶһӽһݵŮʲô³ܸȾƣһȺݺݺ̡
Ӧָźۼ˵Ǹ˳
ܸ̾ʮ֮һǷҲˡ
ӦЦͣܽ
ܸҡͷɥڼ䣬Ī֦ڣ֪һҪ١
Ӧ˵ģڣ㲻µġ
ܸǾܾڲ㡣ﲻظçײ̨ǣһֱңܼںεأֻǽѵ䣬ܵңҪҷͬɺͳ˵򳪸棬ѵҪҪҵɷӵĻ
ңҲˣҪޣ˵ȥҪ롣ֻһ˵ĴǺ˵˶⣬ʲô⣿û̸£Щۼˡ
ܸˮŮƻӦʱҪñץסҷİѱȥ롣
ӦͲ౻ݣȻݺݳأǲټ͸ܸˣܽܵ⼸ţǸ񸾣ٰǸ㡣
ܸȭлӡ
ƣһݡ
ܸޣַˣ໮ޣӦãȴ֪ܸԵԵһ褴ƸǡϷ룬褣ܸǻƸǣ飬ܸǱΪӦ

169 Ah,youth

ةฮ, Єŵӣһûˮٺ, һܲٵġ١
, оʱ߳, Ϊҡ, ־ǧʿĺ, ׳Ĳѡӯ֮ڣ죻֮, ɵꡣգӽ־
Ҹ裬ûˮٺԽԽھûٺԵѾ־״Ѻ, һƬƬӨˮƬмϯϡ
سݲܲ٣ס١, ÿÿ־ǧʿĺ꣬׳ĲѡʱἤˮٺҪܲסû, һ
ö֮, ȱٺҲΪһ, ǶĳѧƷϲ, ߲־ķ֮顣
λҪ, ضΪ࣬в־
ǵȻˣԽУԽ˵ԼûСⲻǫ飬Ϊ˵**ֹģӵеԽ࣬ҪԽ࣬㡣
غͺ֪XXڴXԼһXXһҪˡҵĽǮƽ**˵Ĳ־ͨ˵Ĳ־
ڱ˿ؾȨȨգλ˳ޱȣؿʿĺ꣬׳ĲѣáȱٺﲻΪżǲܲ١
ĿǰȨͲܲٵһˣ䣬ʿȴвʵҲĻм仹￹Ͼô죿
һĳš١ϴѭ
زͣЄĵͲֱͣеٺƿڻˣѵһزͣ֡
ЄµӣƣسĿڿˣ˱
Єֵƣزͣ£Єӣةˣ檴һΪةǡ
ǰûģһˣʣ㴵ʲôӣ
Є˵ĽٵЩıࡣ
գزпղܲΪ˽ͭȸ̨ٸ輧輧̨աΪ㽨һͭȸ̨Σ
ЄװԴףͭȸ̨ˣةɫ˥ô
ؽڻУҵͭȸֻ̨Ϊһ˶
ڻֺ˾ƣϣȴɶһ**һ֦滨ѹġ
֮滨ʺģ˵Ǳʼ߶ˣ
΢죬ϣܷҲȥÿһθ磬ܷﰵô檣Ҫر֣Խȵȣ΢ǳ檲˵ʲôֻķݡ
ˣЩջ𣬡ƢѹţвҰôĪҪģΪھعˣҲΪһعˣΡ
ԭǹǲ׷ʲôˣعȿһȼһܳĲع˲֡
Єм㣺лة࣬檳΢ҺͲܷƽƽ
Ҫϵĸԥ¿Ҳū澳صҵŮˣ˭ӣʵ־򣬲ܷҲҪ㱰ϥ
Ϊܲ춨³ҵǧۡ
գعȻΪЄعˣ̫һʲô˲õĴ£ͬˣҪ׻ʺźھƥ·εȵȣ͵ฮ
ЄּھƷ·Σ̨л
ھҪȥʺδ빬ʸţֻһˡķ˲硣Є̨Ǻ˳ڹŮĴδ빬С
һƮ꣬ŮæЄȥꡣ
ЩˣЄЬȹھʪŮΨֵǰʧǣһȹڻϿ˸ѬЄȹӺЬ࣬ѬϿɣϹŮȹӺЬ
ĵĵͣһνδ۹ĵط棬ɽҲҰô޳ƫﴩ棬浽ͷϣ
Є赸ָĪʧǣЄ費飬һǡ
˶գЄһյյˮѵˮ渡ֳһҡεӰһһһһ£ŰڣƤ𪣬ݵͷ΢΢ƣʱ
ʹͷĴĳֻһˣǾǻϣЄæĵʵÿôᣡ
ո˯ˡأǿܹ֮£ͷţܸöأ˥ʵЄܹоģӢĻʵۣЄǿС಻Ƶ
̫˾ܣԶԶ裬ƮȻɣΪǻþ߽ϸȴһŮȹĳĹŲ̊Ȼò˾޵Ůôû˵
̫ΪЄòޣһ̧°ͣĸĹˣ
Єʵ۲ʶɴұطδ빬
°ͱ޳ָ̧Єֻ˫շĿ̫۵Ŀײ㣬ۿɼЩ𻨴бų
ЄҪȥδ빬лһν̨ǣﲻϤδ빬ҲΨһ֪Ĺơ
ˣ׻ʺΪ̫ѡԳ󹬣֦ɢҶʵӣ֮󣬾Ͳý/ΪΪӣ壬˾˹ڽϸʲô
Ǳ˾һѣ˾ϻš
ʵۼŹŮȹȴǼõģɫޣǡɢʱ֣衪ǻʺ̽Ƿİɣ
޺⣬⼫ˣ
Դȵۡ£ټɥ͵ǻ粨̫æڹҴ£ѾüûŮˣ˿̼˼ᣬֻжʮ꣬Ѫʢϵȵϣ
̫۽һ˾̫۸ס˵죬˷֮ȴ
̫۱ȥķ䡣
ЄȻʮˣǾ鲢㣬Ůʱǹȹģ˶ʮ϶·ϣűա
ʱҪЩּǹĲﵱױˡЄ˭ƲϣȻҪˣҾͼ޸ȨƵˡء
׷Євʣظ谮ٻȴȻȱȫУòǣϼ¼ңģŹģͶӹͲ磬ǵĿɢʱиӻ֮ظıˡ
̫۵ӵһǿѹʱЄ̼ı⣬ӢǶôõĶƿǶôĲᣬͬǣӢӺ͡ظоȫһ
ο˻ǻʵۣһ֮۹λߵ˳Ϊҵȹ֮ôһ㡭ء
ص̨ʵǿİɡ
ЄĽ̫ۡ
һʱ̫۲ŽЄ㣺á
һ·ӱޣ۳ģ̵ġǿˡ
̫δҪ˷һ꣬Є£ɫ磬Ҹȥδ빬ˣҪʺлء
̫۰ЄУźޣõл
ЦʺΪعˣҵȻҪʺл

170 ҲǷ֣ʵˡ

Єһ, ̫ˣСոջ족̡лڡ
Ȼ, صñӱ̫۵̡
һ꣬㹻ЄĴȹ, ɢҵķ٣ױ, ϰ, Ҳһ¶ˮԵϲùϡ֪ӹ, ҵ, Բȥةබ¶֡
Є˷٣һЦ, ʱԡ
ô, , Ͳϧˡ͵óһԶ, Żͷ, Զ
Єߵſڣ𾪵̫۲Żع찡, ʲôҰةŮ˸˯ˣ
̫Ҫ׷Є, û·ڱ, ˡ
ЄȥԼ·Ь, ԹŮѳԼ·ة檣ŮûҶʣЄȥδ빬
Єл׻ʺ˫Ŀһ˫ˮᲨĿƶ˷ŮѹػΪعˣˣȻҪĺǻǡ
ⲻ֪Єո˯ɷ򣬴˿̻ڻζС
Єߵлʶδ빬һͣڹſڣС˵عۣشع˳̨ǡ
صȨƣ̫۴ͳЄҲ˵ùȥ
Є򳵡
һͷĴ󳵣Ŵô̫˾ܾͷš
˰
ЄϣûмУ󷽷
̫ʣ㵽Ҫʲô˾Ƿḻýġᡱֻ¶ˮԵô򵥡ЄҪʲôˣǧҪʲô鷳
ЄԹӢĻʵ۲࣬볢һζ򵥵˵ǲˡ
̫üëʶţˣ
Єˡ
˫Ŀӣ̫Ĵ˳ˣζΣ
Єܺá
̫ʣ֮ةΣ
˰Є⼤˵ǧ
ĥ˵С̫һѽЄϹȥʩչЄһ٣·̫̣򳵣ǳһٿ͡
Ȼϣ̫ʣֱةΣ
Є˵̣
̫۱õǻԭ޲ðЄڹ˵ӷҲڳڳл˿ڶӷ򣿡
ڳӷ̫۵˼Ȼҡ
ЄЦҲǷ֣ʵˡĪҪˡ
԰գЄҵȹ˳ʱ򳵶̨ǣ̫вģҲֻĬȻĿЄȥ
Є˯ܣͽ̫ʧǡ
ԴӰᵽ̨ƻܵۺʡþ;ֵ̨ҹ
ҹɫӳ£ȥƻû˵仰̫ˡ
Ǵɷ羰
ĬĬɿ½յ˫֡
̫˸ǰ͹࣬λҸոһ¶Բة顣
һۣʵʱѣʱͿȨһ˭Ե˭
ʵʲôˣ
̫̾ҸոةĳЄ˵ǿܲţȡ֣ȹҡ
Ŀɿڴ
̫ۣΡ
ͷ
˵ϲҪ˵ˡ
˵ʲôʱôģ
̫˵ĲһҸ˭ģ
ʹ˸ɫȥͷ˵δ鰡㲻ҪĶ䡣
ŨȤ˵ôҵĶĿ˻ϵŮˣ
̫۴ˣƾıܣӦӵġ
̫ƽƽʱ򲻺ʹʤТ˳һʵࡣ
ĳЩʱú޲ѧǰסӵĶ˹롣
ӵⷶΧͬΪŮˣҲ֪ЄҪʲôãҪˣҲҪģռУЄǣһڡǳھܣǺ⣿
ҲһȨıŮܹݵİϷ
˵ЄǺ⣬µΪֹеڶˡ
̫۹ԹƵƵͷãҷģеڶǵΡ
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̫˵ʲô˵Ļѻʵ˳ȥġ
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̫ۻŻеľɫЄǵ߶ĿҺ⣬Ժ͸ЧǣҡҲΪ˻λˡ
Ƭ̣̾ϰϣܲгϢһ㣡ΪȻλϧɫ/࣬ʵ۵ģ
̫˵ûԿһЄ󹬡һḺġ
֪̫˵ļ޹ĸӵ̨ǵ̫ԴԲںЄйء
ֻٴζҪеΣҪǵĴ¡
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̫ӵ󹬼ǧȴʼ˼ЄԽǵòԽõ
Єصةฮûһˮٺš١ʿĺ꣬׳Ĳѡ
Є鲻ãȰة࣬ھʿŷֻǸȴһӦھ֮⣬ȴة£ةǳ۳ɳ±Ԫ˧ǧة࣬αھǺһʱ̣һȥةʱ⣬ң
ж֮ɫЄֵةݲܲ٣ܲǿھŪȨõ𣿲ǣܲٿһδεսܲЮ£ƽѱūūֳ岿Ӵ˶ԴвԱ޻֮ةҪѧܲ٣ԹةֻҪ⻼̤ƽƽոԭսοסȨʱƾһͳϱĴ󹦣γ²鸽ةࣿ
Є˵Ļ룬Ǹд־ˣλ٣Ǹһͳϱǧ﹦ҵĵʱڵĶ⣬ϿʵЩƲϡ
οҵǵľ棬ͻʵ֣ʿԹشλʱʱ졪ܲٵٹٺʿ嶼
ذԼͲܲһͨȽϣǵģǷȱõóֵսֻаΧھӴĵ̣ܹƾʵ¹ġ
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ϡȵϷɣѣ֦ɽߣܹ²¹ģ
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ǣشѳ͢һͨϴִ֮ص˴ӪȻΪңؽ͢ذѶӦ˽Է̫С
Єʤǧӵ˶ûϵЄ˴ãջ
֪Єȥ̫Ȼʧ˵ϣصǣʱۭˡֻۭıܹؿ⡣
ζջǿ˭ǹ/Ӳʱۭ˧ˡ
ּ̫ۭΪʷʱĽڵĽʡݸļأҿΪһ
ۭչǮˡ̫ܶ˽Ǯȫۭûϣȫڶˡ
ۭǸõˣǮ£ЩǮ㹻ʮӣͽ̫۵ĹӶȥΡ
±ڽǵӦ֪ɳˮڳΧۭۭ
ϢǣӦ̫ǰҫϣۭѾةϱͣϾȥˡ
̫Ƿϣҡͷ̾Ϣѡ
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171 ĸ

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ȡʤڼı, ۭã, ֻٻȥݸ, ͵ӦشϢҪȥץԼ
ˮʱۭҪֿ, ԹͶ, صؾ
غ⣬Ϊƾۭеźͺ, ʮӶ, ΪζͶ
ۭ䱻², ǽһ·, , صˮ´̼ЩҪ񣬲ҵۭ, ۭδ², һ·϶Դ
벻ۭͨΪͶ, ĸܸ˵ҵ, лһΪʹȥԭ۵ʱһ·ۭۭͣʵǷµıة൱˲ɱֻ磬ҾۭͶǹģϷΪϾǴ񣬲òȥֻżٸ˸Σ˵ֻ˼һ¶ѣûȥΣةΪС
ܸ飬˲֪غպÿܸ£ʿ壬ܸԣȷʵʵ˼˵ۭΪּΣҽˣ
ܸͷة뿪ΪոԭʵڧһЩСԹʯƵƵɧۭĵ̣ݣۭڽӲ̫ƽʵۺֻܽϣὭҲۭҪةİæһ𹲿ԹʯաֻżȥݸΣةˮȥ̾ˡ
ܸĽͺƵƵͷ˵ۭȥͷҪɷ²ҪΪϱ
ܸӦ£˵һ˵ۭة˵ġ£ۭۭҪˣ͹ϵ
ҲۭʮӶԽܸ̫˳ˣ˵ϧҵûжŮиŮض޸Ϊޡ
ܸĵɲأȴ˵ҵҡ
ۭشٰ죬ӭۭ
ۭصĴʣҪۭۭϣصס
ʣ˵Ҫȥζְ֮
ۭ̾Ϊˣּܿ
룬Ͷˣѹֻżٸ˸Σܸ¶ˡ
ʣõĹϵһֱܺο㵱ʱЧʺӹҪ㵱ΪβԸȥ
ۭ˵ǰϵȷʵڲһˡʺѾļޣΪԹ׵ĻʺҴޣʺȴļȻйĻʺ󣬾ͲҴˣٱŮӹáΪ˸׶ة֮λȻΪУҵľƺة࣬Һǲݡ
ڽϣոԭ֮ģة಻һ
ۭһݣǳݵĿ⣬˵һֱݷةࡣϷרȨ̫ӣ׽֧̫ӵĳӣţ׼ٹͱ𡣵ة಻ϷȨƣȥͱ𣬽Ϸ˴ֺǹةȳġةʱ͸ֱ壬𢣬Ļҡ
ةൽĺ꣬ɹɱ鳼Ƶü鳼ϼҴȥͶԹʯգ֮󲢲̰ͼǵٻ˵߾ߣȻžӻصͼͳһϱոԭةһĻ£ΪӬͷСգƫϵͷڹܱȵģ
ۭʹøӣ䶼أˬ죬ǵ˶ۭȴʶӢۣУؾۭǸ˲Ű
ؾۭˣ˵ıϣȹԹʯգٹԹףոԭĿǰޣҳֻ͢ӣֲͬܶԴϣһˣҵľӾ͵
ҽˣӱʮпɺԹһս㿴Σ
ֵۭƾةǲ
ĻŭţۭһݣۭȥϢܸ˻ؽԣ˵ةۭ࣬ھĻţһʹ÷ƣΪˣʵǻʵ۵Ӧ鷳ˣи취ۭ̽ĳ⡣
ʣʲô취
ܸ˵̨ƿس֣ưۭΪ˼ةβ֮λλøۭһʯ֮ƣۭ̽ĳ⣬ۭĹϵȥ֮λ
ʵ
ܸͬļƲߣۭΪҪۭȥǸΣǰ̨
ۭ϶ӮΪۭбλ
ˣܹܰʿǵĳ޶ۭͷȥ޹ء
ؼֱҪΪԼĻǹء
ةĹ٣Ȩ˭ۭеί״ӽĹְסˣֱǰʯͷԼš
ۭ˵ʮӶ϶ɣפʯͷǵȵȽΧľصأΪʦл
̨ӦʹۭӦ
Ȼ뿪̨λۭӦʹŸԵľԱ̨Ƶ뿪
õͶַۭˣۭ޳ܡ
ۭЦЩ㸸ΪЩʲôʲôûУֻý磬ֻ֪ĽԭǽͲôͲǴİգȻ㸸ûܽ˵Ǿְʬλزͣʱλˣ
ָۭűŻһѪ
üױۭ۸ϵĲۭĹӶ̨ߡ
ۭˣӶ˫ʼɱʱӹϵˡ
ס֣ס֣ӴϲۭӶм䣬֮˫׷У˹
ۭó飬ҷة̨֮ȴŲߣû˽͢л볤ֹ
ӽӹ룬ϸһ飬ۭ˵㡭Ÿ߰ɡ
òţеҲվۭߣǰαģѵ𣿡
һѣֱĸΡ
Ӻῴãۭة˼Ҳǻϵּ⡣ҪּҪѻʯǧܴùʮлʵɣҪѻһϽԨ
ҽտ˹ֻ˾ҵĻλֻгλǰҸ׵ȨʱǼЦӭϲ¦ԺҡǼҾͰѱԺ͸áҸʧˣһǵģȴǹ¡
ðͷϵİһͷ˿£գ빫
ýϺݺһӣʱǡ

172 ɣóҩ

òŸ̤ʬεİ, Ӳ, ûлͷ
ۭ˵л, ȫ֡
ֻ֪ϷȻ䣬ʹѣȥľȻ˵̨ʣϲۭͶ˧, ӴҪһɳˡ
ۭ˽̨
һжƣʵֱۭʮӶӦȫ߿ֱսһڽϿս, ľӪϢ߾ͻһ
ϱɵڶ׹¶Ұԭһʲô壿
ԣҪһɣۭġκγͻĴʮӶǡ
ΨһĿܣۭͬĵ
ֲɵ, ôۭʵǿҺӹϵõ˧ǵأ
Ψһİ취, Լۭǲ
ֲľż, ôõĻ
Ļ࣬˸ķӡ̫۵گ, ۭΪ, ֻۭżȥݸ, ˮ·ۭ
Σܸ˵£ۭۭˡ
ۭƨװءʵҲװҰͣȨż֮ǰһֱۭݵĽ
ĵõ㣬Ϊ£أʱֽܸԣɴۭΪۭһλãˣۭ̽ĳ⣬Ҳܴı
ְʲôûˣʹʿ֧أֲǹ١
һ˫֮ƣصȻͬˣһֽ飬Ҫۭȥ̨Σְ̨ۭ
ǵ͵ĴšڡתΪ֣һļΪ׼Ȼص֣˳µİۭʮӶŪ˽ǣ
Ą̊́Ӻöѡճİ·һĻϷ
Ϸ̫վԭأߵĿƺܸܵİˣ쳤ӣӵĶ߲䰡䣬ӷָëƮϸѩֱֱӸоͷһ̧ͷһһɡš
߰ɡҪȴֳɡȴӦ
ڣǼ鼴
ǣ˺ܿӦɡϷñֻ¶ĿӦ
Ӧ˵ĺܺãһѪͻҸ׷ԸҪ뿪ֲ̨øˣǱϾϵˡָۭոͶҸ£ۭô߶ðҺйŽΧ
һӺӦУӦһӦһ֣ҫһǽҹУ
ӦԹһο֪Ҫ͵ʹҫҲǰôˡ
ҲЩˡ
سŵ¡ԺӵĻҲҪϵϣɲҪٳְʲôȵ۵ϵ顣
Ӧһ죬һΰأʵҺ͹ˣɷ
ңǸӲںδ
ԶԶ͵ĳֱܷͷȥˡȴ˵ˮ󽭴֮£жپʬˡ
֮⣬ȵѾڣ㸹
Ӧ޵ֶΡ붬һѩɷ빫Сѩıҵ
˵һ˼ңûʲô󱨸һֻΪԱֻΪ˾ҵĻλǰˣڽҲˡ¡λ˾ҵģ˵ģҾˮˮͺá
ӦԽ˲ͬǹ͸ˬ졣̨ǶԵۺ󲻸ĵܣ빫ȰҪҪֻܵܣ֧Ǹүܵʵۣʱȡ֮
ʲô͸ǵһĿܣĸױϰˡأüзһ㼼ɶѡ˵
һתϡԺ˵עִ磬ǵŴǵ棬ǲκβأҪ¶֮⣬ʢҪƴƣ߱
Ӧ˵̻壬ҶˣѾٷ
ĵƣQ˼ˣҲûٷĻᡣ
ۭõصΣɹ뽨ǣɡءƻĵһ
ڶҪЄˡ
ƮСѩÿ궬ʱˡ
ɽˣŶ˲κ¿Ƥɽ״ĲƷ
Єһ벹ӵĲƷЦ绨ة࣬óҩˡ
ÿһ룬غȵһβʣⲹҩҩԴ󣬺ȵȣڲ࣬ԳزӣȥЄЄǷ
йȥҵ˶壬ڻʵһжô˳졣
Ψһ鲻ǽʼųѿ̽ϰʱˡ
ιˣ˵ˮҪβȽ
˳Խӣ죬Ϸķ񣬺Єҹҹϸ裬Ϊʱȴ˾ˣԼָܻЩܲסˡ
Єڲǰӣة࣬Ĵ
ȷЄŵģĲҩЄ͵͵ҩ˵㶫˼֣̽ն޷Ȼͷ䣬̾ݡ
زǨŭŮ˵ˣοˣĴȼҩͺá
Єڲǰ²չأ˸Խ
ֻصÿ£ԽԽˡ
ǣ̨ǡ
ԴӺþѣ߶ӦĶĿӲ˽ą̃㲻ȡ
ÿʦһԶγ̣ۺܵۺֹǰĹңԶĹҡܳ漣ĸʱ͵ѻȥ˰֮ۻġȵȡ
һжӦۿɼٶȣ̫һƽϵǣʼ˳
糯ϣӼΪĬȻӦʲô
ۭô
ǲʡáдʲô̫ۣ̫۶ֻǿһӵһңǡ
Ӧӵı̫ˣӵжԵͣƻԽԽƵ
ȥӦӳ̨ǣȥϪһ̤࣬񲻱ƣȥɢɢҲá
ҡͷҲȥ̤࣬ȥﻪ԰ͺˡ
ӶӦһģ䵭ӡ
ŮˣɹҵȤ
ӦʵϪȤô¦أҿý԰ӡ
ȥѾ¦Ժá˳׶
һõ֣˼֮飬üͷһ壬ȥ԰ͦã˽ֻ԰һģһźܺá
Ӧβ룬ʣǵĹʵΣ˼ˣ
ӲԼɩˡӦ޶⡣ȥһѩʱöΪģӶŷǵİѹӣĿ
ͫ˲ͣɫ糣˵Щ鰮ʲô˼Ϊ˾ҵĻλȻܿˣкĿȥ¼˾ҵڣܼã᲻ܵá
Ҳû취Ҫƽغľӣͱʹװ֣鰮ס֮ǰļƻǰ
οõݣעֻ鰮ǶŸԵΡ
ʱ򣬰ƽɼãֻʱ顣ǳʱڳĺĺ
ˣ޷ڸǣ͸ɴ¶ʵ
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Ӧ裬㿪ЦɣҶûЩǮ
õˣҲ, ûǮ
Ӧ˵ȸһǧԺÿһǧ껹ꡣ
ʵ֮λ
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˵ɽ
ӦһǧǮ, ¦ԺķӦҪӦдǷǧ־ݡ
ӦӵĿãһΪǮܡû뵽ǮĿ֡
˵¦ǸطסҶԣкܶ಻õĻ, ķ羰ҲȤ, ת㡣Ҫ, ȥǡ
ӦãɲҪڡ
Ӧһ, þͰһǧ, ȥ, ĵأҪʮ֡
Ӧװһǧ𣬲ҪײҪ
ðźȥʧȥְڼҵĸ
⣬Ȼڼ˸λڰְԱ⽨Ż
ʣײŹ֮˵ôôڼҰġ
һճӾ͸ˣк£ĸ죬ĸ˵˴һǮ˭ĳȥˣ˼ҲΣεиˣ˵ҪһǮҵʱջˣ˵Ǯҵĳ޼֮žλǵãԾŪãլ
ˣЦãҲ˵˼ҹΡβҪ档
ҡͷУֻҪйأУֲ£Ҳ¿
ðӦһǧ¦Ժ˵ˣصսֻҪλΨһӦھкţֻʰӦСӣԴ𣬸ٵȵȣ˼£׶ٸԭְ
żһֻŵģˣĸ׷ˣԸ
˵ɼʧеá
Ͳǡڡһ춼èڼﲻţ˺ûгܣԴϳ̨˾Ȼĵ
ŸĸŮûв˵ģøĸ밲ȥæԼ飬ӦôͻȻ¦Ժˣȥ˶¦
˵Ӧ¦ԺķǸһСβֲͣԾţӦӣõ֮һֱں棬Ѿüˡ
ǸµĹ¶Сͣ
Ӧ˵Ҫ
֮˳Ӧʣ
֮ҡ빫ˡ˵˵ס̨ǡ
һ˺ӹѣ͵ɿ˺֪֮Ϊúַˡ
ӹһֱ֮⺢֪жһֱ
Ӧ룬֮סƫӹģⲻǸֳɵСĿ
ӦһЦ빫Ҿʹ̨ǣи
֮㡭˵
Ӧ˵Ҫ˵ȥ¦̤档
֮ǸӣֵҺþûȥ¦ˣҪȥ
Ӧѳϵĸó֮ԣ֮£ǳԴϺҵĶһģûбԹԣûгʳ
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ӺΪѣ¦Ͳҵĵطˡ
Ӧ˵¦ѾҵˣøոҵģԺȥȥ
֮ȸԾЦݣǸ¶ӲþܾӦˡ
ȥȥӹһźƺƵ·һ꣬·Ţһʪ֮˸ˮ裬ԡͰԱߡ
ָԱڵԡͰ˵Ҳȥһᣬġ
౧Žҡͷãϴ衣
ӵҲϴˣţ㿴ţ಻˼Ҫһ
໹ǲ裬ЩԼˣ²ܸԵʣҪڣԶݳĿɳĴϷӣܸ£ء
֪ںܸġӴȡ࣬ŪķһЩˮϻһ·ʪˣ˺һɡ
ڵһվǸĥ˵Ĺȥ·
Ÿ·ȥӸƣƽʱϴ軻´˵еҶУҪߣֻȳһЩϸһЩرһЩѡ
ⶼԭôҪˣ
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Ķӡ
æӣŶҪСֻ֣ϳԶ˳ŵġ
ܹȥĶƤƽʱƽ̹ģа˿鸹С͹ӲģǳԳˡ
ûԹ⣬Ҳܣ㻳˶ԲԣôңǲҲ֪
۰Ů֪У϶һֱߵ
һмܲסǸˣҪҪ𵽵ס
ӣ⺢ӡ˰ɡ
˵࣬ҴܼܻǸ¹ˮδΪ۵ģֲ²εģûϣ²Ӧþˣǰ¶Ƥԣǵ£ӴƵıЩزסԲǰȹӣ·㿴
ѹ¶װһƤףΪ¡ĶƤ
ӻ⼸µľٶһ㻹䣡
൭ĺܣʲôǹҶˣģһ첻־ˣ޷ʱӦѾϰ
ϵľҵЩŮ˿ţˤһӶֱģŵֶ㲻ȥˣҸɣ˵ˣҪҸطѺ˵ҲҪðա
ظ壬˵˭ţ
˵Ǿ˵ĸײˣҪؼźҩТ漰壬㲻þһʬҲ͹˲
ݲȣеĲһҸоУӰ赶ŪҸơ
νһշӯ࣬硣
ŵ˫ֺʮˣס֡ҽ˰ɣڿͣ¡
ڿսˣڽ˾ܲأҿɲҵ
һѱס࣬֪뱣ңҲ˽˼ͶС
ܳັ¶ĸԹԣӲʵĿŶƤܸ˵ǵһŮܳҺǳأԽܳˡ

174 Ϊū

ܳḧĶƤ, Ů, 㶼Ǹǿĺӡ
ԼĶƤҲǸƤĺ, ǰҺܸôŬ, ǲ粻, ƫƫʱ
ֵ˵ܳһжõİšҵģҸڻȥ̥Ѻٳ, ˡ
ὣ:Ĳ£Ȼһ˴ʮʮԡ
˵Ҳɸܳİȫ, ڲ¾Ͳزס, ˵󼸸¶ӻ᳤ĺܿ죬ǰ²ԡοһ¶ӣỳе, ֺܸ롢޾ѵĻԶᱻơ
ܸ˵, ܸڲӪںõصʶ, һ㻳е鱻֪رȻỳܸ, ʱܸΣˡ
˵е, ضܸ, ǽַܸǰ¡
ŶƤһʱ/սܸΣգҲ߱ҲΣա
꣬඼Ҫ
˵ðɣܸҲҪңΪһĸ׵ĸӦõԲԣܸ书и׵ͽܼңʹ¶Ҳڱشһۭòܷ˻뷨ҡֻܳһܹҪ˲ңܸܳ
ִĺܣ̨ǣۭñ޳ĪһҲϴ⣬㶪һ꣬Ϊū
˵ڲһǰ϶ɣң̨ǱϾеۺһڻʵ۵ģοҾڳʲô춯ʱܸϵ̨ǡ
ִţͷţӣҡ
Ȼõ
࿪һŷ죬ôŮ·˫٣һͰˮһͤͤĴˡ
Ǿ¦Ӧطӡ԰ֵľͶõĶĿԼװ磬ɻأӡ
æŮװýֻԡۣŽţʱҲ˲ôˣȥżӵһ
ɫ뿪䣬ȥͷѷ硣
Ƭ´֮ʵӦΪͻȻ¦Ժкͼı
룬Ӧֺãƺ뵱֮⡣
Ļɲܸã֪ˣضһΪѡ
ӱã°͸ļϣͿԼ˵ѵıˣ˵ӦЩôסܵۺֺˣ˵Ҫ¦Ժң£ҡ
޶һ˿⣬ˡ
Цˣ̨ȥ϶з
޷졣
ŷģ˵ͣӦûмպûˣӦ̨ǱQ˼ա
ӵͷһ£Ҫæ໳ˣ¡
һӳ࣬
ڵһվһ·̨ǵ¦
Ǹո֪ģա˵취סҪؼҴ
ÿţࡣ
һõĿⶢסС֪ӳˡ
˵һԴ򣬻սһᱣܳӣҪҵ
˵ʦͬţҵȻ㡣
һżˡ
ûͷһתϾҪˣǱһЄЩҩػԽɢԣ˵زҪҽЧˡӦΨһļ̳ˣûжϢ̨ǿ϶סƱػ̻صߡ
Ӧ̰ʱٴһһ·͵̨Ƿؿ飬ӦȲѣ̨ۭǣۭӣͿԻؼ̥ˡ֮ǰ㶼粽ӡ
ظ£ģۭҾ뿪
Ӹжӯ
ͷйߣ˵Ӧںͤ磬ӹȥ硣
²Ӻĵ𣬸ʱѾƳϣһյյųһҹɫľڽײβ
ӦļǣӲ̤ľ١
ӦԹҺõȡ
ůϯϣ޷Ҫͷ˲źױͷɰʪͷ۵ġ
ӦһŭȫЧ֮ܶ
ӵ֧̫Ѩ϶ʱѣһȱƭΪūΪ澣Թͷ²żͷۡ
ΪūʲôܡӦͬ飬Ź⿤ǮңǸǮҴС㼵ʹòѧʶٰ蹫⿤Ǯж׶Ան˷ûΪūˡ
һЦǼʷ˵ʵΪҺͻҵӹܻдɡǮûдС㣬ֻиǮүǮүмɫԽǮȨѹˣĸңҷˡȻûɣҵˡ
ž
ӦеľƱˤ䣬ܣǮҴС㡣
ҡͷѣ֮䣬ûܡ̹棬ԼƭӣǮҴСǲڵģģȥһ飬ǸδŮӣǹôɱƽ񸻺ᱡΪ˻ʼҵ棬ʰǮдǮС㡣
Ӧһ˲ӬƵܡӲ²ӦĲԼ߹ġһ޶Ѫͳе˼
Ӧխ֪Ǯӵūʧȥ࣬Ӧ϶롣
ɱأеİһǣӦһԾԾԵҲһˡ
Ӧ㡭ȻΪƽңôίһƽӣһǼ˵ңǹ㡪
㵽־أΪβȥԱסϣ
һӦı飬ʲôһ̾׹¶Ұǧ޼һ֮˳ˣܻͲˣ̨תΣɫ˥ްഺмɫŮʲôѾף˵ˣ˵ᡣ
ƺڽƽ
Ůʰ˷ǵıӣ»µģϾƣӦѾûٺˡ
ϵĴƺֹһֱ£¦ˮѣҲģӦ˴ʱ¦ȫۡ
ʹҩֱаȼյԱһӰѰˣһ˿Ҳޡ
պΣӦ޷ʵһ뵽ǰ߹ŮһƽӽΪūܲˣձâ̱
Ӧվ˵ҽղʤƾյΨ־ƺʧ̬ȸˡ
˵㡣ַԸ·Ӻˣֲгǲӻȥ
ӦԶȥһֱֳĬ࿪ˣΪʲôҪƭ
˵Ϊ˶徻ӬƵΧ˽У÷ˡ
һ˾ͺõı飬ԲˣܳӪ
Ϊ˱˻ɣӰసϵһȫˡ˵ЦϾУƣ룬Щ˯ӽ˵Լˣ˻صЪϢ
൹ͷ˯ӽþñط꣬ĳ˯ţȥˮС
ûˣЩһͨĹӾþòų͡
ӴӰС䣬нŲΪ֮ô˯СĽߡ㱾ЩͣҪٰĻСĳȢϱ
ҡӦ˵
Ӽһ˫ص˵֮أΨӵ·뿪
Ӧ߽˵빫ԭϵʧ̬ҵʱ̫ˣ࣬ȴĶӣʵڿЦǸģ˳߹ҿˣЩ£ǹĴҪѳڱ꣬ЩȥˡҲ⹫ΪūΪҵĹȥ
ĵҽ㰡

175 ħ

ӦΪӻΪԼı׸ж, ĺ޲, úЦչ, ͨ紦, ȴɹһɹƳͣϴɾ˫֡
Ӳϵˮ, ӱǰˣȨסҲֱ鰮ǣűߵŮˣһһˣԼ˭, Σ滹м׵Ժ󡣡
ֱӦŮ, ȥͲ÷ֿ, Тѹ޸ǣܹӻһ, ʲôù, ҽӵ⣬Ҹ, Ͳ˾ˡҾҲҪԴȥ, һ˾ҵΪ, , ǲʺҸġ
ӦףȴֱԾܾˡ
Ӧʵ֪Ϊū𣿡
ӵͷ
Ӧ֪̾ȻʣΪڣαʷعˣΪ˾Ҷþѣ
˵öҲˣʲôнģҲˡ
ӵӰľľײʯ·ʧ¦С
Ӧ֣Ȼ׷ϵŮˣȤ
ӦܣӵȻʣƺһϷһ൱ŮֲκͰϷǹ񫣬Ȥûнνˡ
˺Ů˵ܹϵֲֹһ֡
ӦˣһʱǱߣЄҩزأʼԴ
ˡ
ӦȻ̨סˣΨһļ̳ˣһʲô⣬ЩһɢɳȺף
Ϊ˼ʱ̳ŲӦȥʹǧһǧۭʮлڽǡҡ
Ӧ֮ǰ˵һӲҹ³ȴةԴ𣬿Ǳߴ޴裬ֻҥԣĪҪ̫ġ
Ӧ˵蹫ԣϣ״尲ҾջؽǺ͹طꡣ
Զһ㡣
Ӧȥ̫ۻЩԼЄ
̫۹ЄΣӦһȥضҪЄȥźҩЄûлֽˣô죿
˵ؼʹҲ޷̣ͬˡһѾ´ȨӦݰǾͿԲս֮ոոܲսͲսܶӵľȱ֡
̫ûӣȴʤƵƵͷ˵ǣǸж˵
ЦᣬǸж˳ɻڣ֮ңһŪңŮͦá
õļƻӦһߣۭ˽̨ǲܷĳ̥ˡ
ܳʼѰҴڸУ׶ڲסˡ
ͻȻ̨ǣСؼң˵˲ˣĲ壬˵ˣҪ
ࡰѡ٣صҡ
ؼ̥֮ǰӣҽЩÿ춼ҪҪиֵ˶ˣƽӹ͸ҪŬ˭Ҳ翿Լܴ򡣡
Ҳ̤֮࣬ܳǧɽˮνڲ׼׼ǰշշ׼˱䣬
û˵ꡰʮ׼ˡ
˵Ӧҹ̸ϵϻ˯ĸףֱԼ˫ۣ֮ǰȡʤ佫ô̶£һģ
Ӧŭ˰ѳȵƿ֮»һӺʹ򣬾ЄҲ׼أӦڲǰź
Ҳ֪ǻ´·ӣصĻعⷵգԴӦؿʼתӦȥɢģεؽ˫ۣ˺һᣬ
صͷŽˮԼĵӰʱһ㶣ûվӣ֪УƤˣס۽ǣ˫ۿǸΣ۾
Ӱʱ˵ǷĿ׶֮ࡣ˵ҷĿ¶δһˣҲᱻ˳ԵˣĹǼܻڣЩձﻹŹգ˻ƣ֮ͦ
ĿȻǸԤԣ˵ˡ
Ӧ˵òڲͬ˾ܲʱ򣬱˵ӥǹ֮أɼעҪɾһҵġ
ᵽӥǹ˵˾ܲĿغĽ˾ܲа˸ӣǰ˾ʦ˾Ѷǲܵˣֻһӣ˭ұ۰
Ӧοأ׳ܼ꣬ҶãǾҵұۡ
Т˳Ķӣ̾ʱղˣžҵɡϲܲٵġ١־ǧʿĺ꣬׳ĲѣҾĺ꣬־ȴûʱˡΨһģǻȥһУΪ㿹ǧɱзˣ͵ǸλãȻҾͿĿˡ
Ӧ󾪣ףҪʲô
ȥñƷ˾ϣϻλһԷĿų⣬ҲҵȥǰҪԸֻһ졣̻һǣҲҪŬš
֮ǰȥѯ˴ķˮʦ豣һܻã
֮ƣóˮԣԣóöǮзͶΣ¼˵ة£ôڵϦ֮䣬ܿͻȥةఴ壬ɲ⡣
˼˵㲻ҪһӦܹܾúܾá
豾Ȼڴѹĺʿӻ˵غ¶Ŀ׼׼ȷôһԼ
֮⣬Ǳƹ豸Ŀڡ
ǹǸԸķˮʦ˵ˣڽգɥڴˡ
㡪ԻڣˣʿնʾڣЧȡ
һˮʦ豵ɥ
ڶγǾݶƿ±һ·ûκεֿ˳գ뽨ֻа̡
漱
˶ûϵزѰ·ȻŽ֮ٴͬھ
̫̾㲻㣬ۭصıоһս
˵Єµҩؿ϶ʹ뿪սǱռϷ磬ٽսС
̫۵Ǹô죿ȥɱأԣЄ޷ӽˡ
ӼǣһҪϡ
̨̫ǣӶ˵Լļı
һ뷨δţϱҲֶ̫ˡ
ӣ𣿡
õͷҿԣĳɹǾ°빦ˡ
ûصң;ֽʱһ·ɨЩ̶ˣƹ͵ȥ
һ£ǵ֪ȥˣǸҪò½ôɥµӡ
˭ˣ
һɥϣոմӹմجģҵ塢ةزˡ
ͷ˰ɥã˵䣬죬ء
ö˵ˣûвŵģô˵ء
ţȴѾˡΪ˵ˣŵǸӦΪܾĶҳһغ
Ϣܿ촫ϱһӦ̫ᣬ޺ǵĹԱ̨ǵľӷ׷׵꣬תͶ̫ߡ
ճԼѶҩյˤ÷飬ң
СصСڡ޼ĳͰֵܣ˻嵶ء

176 

ԼѶʱ, Σεʱľʱ, ʱ, , ǸҲɱʣҶĲʣ, ׻ʺ常הĸǺ, ų, һ̸
׻ʺ׸, ѣ˭㣿
Ըֱ, ˵Լ, ˼ֱ˵, ˡ
׷ʵ˭
طʾ, ȴ˵йۡ
ѴµЦ̸˳ȥ, صĸԣǾѵĻ֮йۡ仰Ϊʱѹؼʡ
ε, , ה, ˵ȱһܾ, ɡ
ݴʷͬӶɱڳϡöɱ˵, ˶Ϊɱġ
ה֮, һ, ڱƵʯǽ֮£屣ΨһҴ߶ϣʬǶڵʯǽ֮¡
͸˵ˣ£˵ص£ʹѣҲɱʣȴҶ
ֻػţȱһ
лܱ־裬ѾˣһţһкܶҪɳʦδ
˵ҵĲۣÿҵͷΪβֹˣҲѡ
הǱѹʯǽ֮£ӵʲôʱȥȥԭʬǷֿˣҲȡ
ҺȾ²٣ȥϣѵȷһҪɱҡڲаֻ⣿
齱ߣҪָ˵֮۾ӦԼġѶ
ңشҩյ³һѪŹգŽžҪ̳Ӧסˣ֮Ҫŭģʵ˲֮£ĪҪϵ
һܴ򣡡
·Ҫ˷ô
Ӧϸ׷ϣ¼ҩ˹ĪѾɳһ˱ҥȥˡãȸ㾫ҴսȥӪתһȦʿǿ׻ţȶģҥԲơ
£ȻŭɶȻǰҰɥһûأҲȥɰһЩõĶãΪҲһɥ¡
ӦȰױͿˣڹϣȥõĶֻΪȥҴΪɥµѡ
ͷϣҪɥ°ȥӦûð취ֻú˵ȥ졣
ӦսΧžӪһȦʱʱ;̸Իҥԣǿסնҡľġ
Ҳʿɣ˵ةսϵةֻһΪȶĹΪ֮
ǰةһЩҲСˡ
زಡ齶գݲŹء
Ӧɴץ˼صʿԶҡĵ嵱ڴʮƽϢۡ
Щ˱˾Ҫʹۣܸķˮǿɳ֮˻ӹվӪܣתͷͶ̫ۣ
̫۰ǷųȥĴͼӴף˵Ӧزɥص壬أսѵӪ
ʱѾǳˣʬһͻḯ÷ñһУη壿
˵硣Ļ̻̣˹شӪط׷׻򵹸꣬ͶشӾһ
ֻձ󣬹صıȻǿ
ӦƲɳʹϵǵۭҪۭ̫̽۷͵ȥʡ
Ӧһˣʱ򣬾Ȼۭǵˣ
ۭʹȴ̫ۺν
ӦţӿЦãⶼ̻ʲôЮϷ
̫д˻ţȰӦӣǿͶ޻ᱣסǵִԲ򣬾ݹ顣
ܵӵӰ죬̫Ҳܹ򹶣ܲͲ򣬾̸м⣬սһգӦͶסλû⡣
ʹŻŵ˹գʱӦۭ̫ۣػعⷵգѾĥԾˣ˵߲ɢۭǣ˵ͳ֣ۭѾתͶϺڣֻпǸӶˣ˭ס
ϣУһʵءӦۭĻش
̫ױȰţصĲ²ʵӦý˺ƬˣӲŵİǣǸټһͷܹжλã
ӦıŭѾ侲ˣĿһ˫Ŀû¶ȣܸȰҺۭ˵ģҲܸҷΪλá
Ӧһ׸׵⣬׻ܸģܸѾַˡ
˵޴ͷܴβֹֻ֣ͣҪһûк飬Ҳû飬ǾͻǷޡ
ӦܸӸīֽ⣬д飬ࡣ
ܸӦ˾٣ۭıѶԼˣҪ
ܸû˿ԥʾд飬ָ಻̷ţЩûãԲТӵࡣ
аԭҵİɡ
Ӧ飬ﻹǡܸ̫ˣۭ֮£ͷβܸйϵܸѴ̡
һƲɣһơӦˣܽ
ܸ󾪣ѵұ¶ˣ룬ȴʵǺ⣿ʲôȥةٳ£ҹ˸ףʯͷǵĴţӭةǣ´󹦣ѵةӶ𣿡
ܸôΪ˿̨̫ȴ֪ɱ̫Լ̱ΪţһƿؾԵĴȨͻŤΣɵԼˡ
˿̫ѵˣͬλ˳̻ΪȴģûлΪ
Ӧ˵ܽģܽĹͣǸһֱֻһ׮ƣܽϣӣڼ׼գһҾͰų
ܸѲڣֻý¿׵ı޵ݸӦ䲻֪ҪʲôӲẦңȻҪÿƣһЩĪҪ˿ˣҼҼ£ŷ
ڲӪ͵áܲ١㹻Σ군
ӻһֵ
ӦܸӣƤܸ
Ӧдһţ˵ѾʶܸĿǼٳܣıѾ
ܸ˴ҪܸĻһһҪջܸ
㲻Ǻͬ㲻뿴ɹѸǾԼܸ
㲻գҾɱܸ
ةӪЄⳡƣĵãܸʵϢӣҪӲҪ
գԴӦչأЄ߽ӦĿΨһϢܸܸһ´Єʧȥ˹ͨӵ봫ȥ
ЄֻĬĬҪգҪգҪգ
̨ǣƻ
Ӧżͬʱģܸ彣
Ӷż彣Ľǡɽܸ˸½
½ڲţӦɱܸɹѸܳΪŸӡ
ô죿
Ҫáȶ̫ۺۭӦżʮ飬۾ÿκӦ򽻵ʱĳĦӦԸ
Ӧ߰ûнڲ٣ʵܽΪūĹֿҵѪͳıΪãűӹ⡣
ˡӲǺܴӣΪǡ
ӳƬ̣˵ȥգͱʾںܸܸǵˣͱ¶˼ϸݣҪѾעһشҲȥգϷݵסܹ֤ܸǼϸ˵ػΡܸᱻʣһЩƤܹ֮࣬
״ֻðնһѣҶӦ˽⡣
д˻ţܸԣӣѻʵۣͶɱ˴ˣԴʧܵĻԳ׽ѣΪǸˣ໹д˵һлл
Ӧţը

177 ӳ

ܸų, ӷһаãƽ, ֪Ķ, һ, ֵǱ¶ڣΣܸ, ȥ, ϼӷ, Ӧĵϸ
ʵ̫С, ӦԸûϸ, ȻȨиܸ, Ųɡ
ӵĲ֮, ܸع齫֮λ
Ӧųܸ, ĿⶢЄ, Є⣬ܸδЄ
Ӧ˵Ҹȥ֮ǰúõġ˸̴, Ƕ˵ȥ궬, Єÿոͽҩ, ҹҹϸ, Ǹջˮ, ҸǸʱʼÿ, Є⡣
ܸЄ, ة෿顭ҲֻܾӪЄǰǹּةΪңةˣة࣬ū֮ع֮λӦøмة࣬ϣة೤ǣôẦةࣿ
ԴϴǿսѲӪ֮ز͹ȣأ󲿷ʱ䶼ڻ˯ӦȨɱᣬԼܣЩƮˣ˵սݼϸԣУޣЄǼϸǻ֮ӣ̳
Ӧ˺ݶܸЄһѺ򲻿ɣЄة檣ةͷʱΨЄĵ˯ɱЄѶƹة᲻֪ĪҪΪһŮŪøİ
ӦıûУС˵ޣѾܲˡֻ鱨ηܣ·ϱ׷ȥɱļ󣬸ͽɱЄ˳
ܸҪȰӦ˵Ҹˣ˸ңЄɣ֤ݣҪ
ܸ󼱣ɸ봫ӣӸ̫ۣӪЄ
ԴӺЄ˯ΣʹЄ˵Լ֣Ƿˣ̫ȴסصŮˣλǣƣӦҪɱЄ̫۾𣬡Ҫȥ
Ӧ߼ƻЄᱻѺ͵ձ߾ηܣȻӦں׷ЄȻ鱨̧ʬ壬Єͽ͡޷ˡ
ܸӦЄĴŵص㴫̫С
ҹЄ죬ǿаϣʧҹɫС
˹ձ߾ӦЄſɿžСӵڵأӦ׽Ū֮ģ𹭼Ϸʮ£ܣȥ׷㣬ܵ˾ˣ㱻ҵڿʼһ
Є񱼣Ьܵˣ˫ǾСﻮƣ۵ġ
ʮ
Ӧ̴ǻȮ׷ٶ
ӦǹƫЄһȡЦˣʼ桰ԡ
ʵЄľʧװģָܸʾ˸ķܣŽӦˡ
ЄǸŮˣܿܵԼźŴ
ſ£һ˵
Є˵ͬʱӦҲ׷ӭǵȳļʸ
ΪӦסʸӿܣ
ӦæתͷȦͬʱз̻ΪţټԶפľ֧Ԯ
εҪĿǽӦЄ˵ֺЄܳԡ
ӦЄһԼϣ˹һŽǷ񱼣ӦѾŴȮĴ·׷ӦЄĶ顣
ЄͬһӦͷģ˵ɢܣкӶɺӣϪϪˮضȮ
һȺںڰڻɢûҹɫС
Є§˵ϰ˿ĺ󱳣ѽ壬ͦϤ
ͷֻת˲ţЄĵܵģˡ
ʱ߳һ˿⣬Є˴˵ͷ΢΢Щҫɢ˿˿⡣
ĺ󾱰𪣬׵͸ɫѪܶ֡ƫƵͷƤխиߴĹǼܡ
ЄһӦ׷ɱʱ˽Ź
ЄӺ⿪˵ɴ
˻һЦɫ𪣬߱ĿȻ̫˾ܣ
һ׷ҲˣǸʱūɱ
̫۵԰͵ıܵÿ죬ãЄϰ裬࣬ͬһҲ˦׷
һ·߲ʱǰǷֲ·̫·Ǹո̤·ʱ̯ͣԲ࣬ڡ
ֻ̫ϸͰˮ£ҰǶɫʯ͸ϸˣ׷Ƿޣʣֻˡ³֮ұһٻ󡣡
Ӧ׷ϵȻͣʲϰ壬ûƥеİƤͷЩƣŮңƯ
ϸսսָߵķֲ·УǱˡ
Ӧ׷ߣȴ·мһ̲࣬˵㣬ȥ࣬ȡ
ЄովȵģӦþ·ġôϰ˵ѡ
ָֱӣģ
Ӧæȥνֱָϸ˵Ǳߣ˵ѣҾɱ㣡
ϸŵ̱ڵأǮóһ߱ޣңұ·ˣʱ͸ңҪϸ˵ѡ
ӦޣΪұߵ·ȥ
թⲻ֪̫ѾЄСһ·񱼵˽ǡ

178 ֻ

̫Є, Ӻãǿ϶ͬ⡪ۭ֪
Ӻõʣۭίĺ, Ǵʿȥ, װг̨ǣһûʸʿ١
ʿ̫ϵһȺʿĳƺţֻڻʵۡ˾ܻ̫ӵʱļȺʿΪšĳҪԷڸ, ̫˵˵˲, ûдӦ
˾ܾͺһҹ֮˸, ԷԽ, ȺʿӴ˾ʿ֮˾ʿֻʵۺ׻ʺָʹ
ۭȥѰ̫ʱ̫ۺЄͬһﶥųˣ, ̫۽ѩ, Ŀ
ڿǻˣӦץȥ, ̻ô򰡣
ú˾Є˫ɽ, ȫ, , ʱλ֮У̫۾ȻֵˡŮˡ
סŭʵδӹӳģ
̫۵󣬰ˮ࣬߱ްȳ²ֵķ˵ˡ
Ĭһۣϰ޵Ӣ۾ˡ
˵λ߿ܲţ̫˾Сʱ֮ͯơӵʱ˴ӳ̫ͳǸԶ˾˵̫ԶΪֻ˵˴ӳȴû˵˭̫
ᣬѶӵĻǻشȤ½ȺʱڣŪ˾ܣͬ⣬˾ȴĿ˵̫ԶΪĿգ˼̧ͷ̫ܿȴ̫˼Ƴ̸Ĵ˶ͯ˾ֻܶԽԽƽȻӡ
˽¶˵ϾͯڽͷӦеġ
Ҳѵ̫ͬһأТ˳ĵټϱƳĴȰ֮ҾͲٷѾĻˣԻᴦҴ£һģۣͷۡ
ӸŶͷ֮ʱҩ϶ʱһ·ȱҩθ°Ų·ɽײһʧ䣬˼ؼҵŮкҩƣױȣıӻ֮°꣬ӡϴ֡ٹ£ڻָ˴䣬ֻͷ۵Ĳһֱ޷Ρ
̫ӲǨĿɳ𡱣Ϊȶ֣Ĵ飬Ӳ³ɽٴЯ̨֣̫֮ȴ̫ҲҪֵ֮һѻ̫ûܿסȨջԼҪЯ
ֹֹһͷ۲ʱʱʺ
ѧϰ˰ĦַҵͷļѨλָⷢͷۡ
ӽĶüɿʵص̨֮Ҫʲô
һ߰Ħһ˵һ
Ȼǳװʮϵʮˣ鶼ûɡ¶֪Ĺȣһǳɣû谭Ӷˣ
磬ϸ粻ɡ
һ죬˵֮ء
ã͹һȻˣ͹ԼָΪף̫Ҳ֪ܳܲܵȡ
Ӷˣ˵Щ顣
ָһ٣ˣ
˵Ҿˣֹס«ưİ֮ңĶ䣬ܶ˸տʼãһմϻȨͱˣаƵģ߻ħòˣûֻ֪ȨӵиȨ
ûбЩˣҪôɵӣҸסҪôɳ˾VϵͬڵĻ׳ģЄȿȣ壬ӦòţТ˳ЩǻۣĻʵڣӦÿԷģٹܻ¡
üĦ˼ǣ볹˳ᳯ
ӵͷô飬ҵľˡ˫ʮ껪˼䱯ϣҲƶٵ䵽ū澣˻ǺգľȴѲϡοƵͷۣҵͷ£ĶǣЩʱҹʧߣӳԲ˳һᱻЮУɼԶ޷ѣʱǾͷ
˵ã˳Ҳһ˳
æֻ˵Լʱ֮־˳
˵һ壬ҲˣضٴϽȥԶðЩľҲڸıǰ뷨ӣûΪʲôʿͻԶֹΪʲôһٶҳƵս꣬ƽԶݣ󲿷ʱ䶼ڴ̣
ΪʲôȨһǶͻữΪʱ϶ɶиԵˣô֮̾ͱˣ껹ΪҿɱθͬҺܺãΪαֶʧˣ
һûôΪʲôֻкʹ࣬ÿһζҪ߾ȫҪСȻۺƣ룬ҲѾ˵ˣܶŸѣܶ˻˫ʮ껪ʹæ
˵ҽʵ֮־ɵڶҵĸҵЩΪʲôĴ𰸣ȥ⣬սʿֹĶùҰҪ㷽ҵǳȥÿʮһ׹¶Ұǧ޼࣬Ҹϣȥ飬ˣܳξðصޡ
ƵθӲֱĹȦһͬϵظͬ˹켣óξðһ޷ʵֵ롣
ȴ˵ҪҵĻᣬơ
ǱˣֻһЦ˵棬Ǵ˻һ֣ޱȵŷ
˭ܽ⣬ôֻáһҲҪһˡ
ƣӶµȼ飬˷򣬡Ҳ˵˷һ壬ҽһ顣ҵڣﵽξðĿ꣬ٿҲĸԸ
ӿǵʵ⣬ĵճӣ²ˣˣˣ
ȻһƵı飬ûܹѵ˵˶Բߣһᴦ㲻òģһĸ϶Ըرǡ
С󣬾ûý˵飬ˣû׷ʡ
ԴӦȥ¦Ժٴ䵽У׵һǧȣðѱԺһ£ӹ˺񺽣Ҫȫȥ¦Сס
һƬТģãȥ¦ôܲ棿׷ȥ˱Ժ
լýɷݣȴĸͥԺ˸ӣŽȥһͣѷһǮպһǮ
һЩ˰ѴӻڸǴֲͣ

179 ߳Ϊ

ӶӦе֪Єʵ̫۶ĿηǱӵϢ, ֵ, һΣҲû
Ӧ, ܸ˵Բһɹ㣬û뵽ļȻЄ
ܸ¹ĳɰܣңҲỳ, ĪҪȥ񾾳ͺãҾĻܲй¶ˡ
ôҲ벻ЄᱳȷϢ, ٻǰЄۣȻÿɣհ׷վ, ͷʧȥˣʸ֦ı·
رŭһľ, ̳򵽽ȥЄץ
Ӧȥ, ǽ, ܸӦҪķλǳҪۭǰ
Ӧһһƿ֮УۭʮսӦƾȻ·磬Ӧľһδ֮У׷ˣҵǧǰ棬ƽػӣһʱʬ׻㼯ȸţ˺ӵ
Ӧ򲻹ձ
ܸΪ˷ֵӦľӣԷֹɽûлصմӪǳ˻¾ȥ
Ӹɢȥ⿤ȵصģûأûëӦƿزסӴľӡ
գֻӦ²бصգܵϢʮˣղһĻ䣬ٺֳ˲ܲٵġ١
٣оʱ߳Ϊҡ־ǧʿĺꡪ
˴Ȼֹ׹أ
һӹʶ¶ǳĴҫ۶ĿԶأڣϵʿ壬µգȱ෹̸ʺЦϣľǿִźͲŻԼҰģԶʷ
ǷǳɰתͷգŽ£Ц̸С
ܲٵġ١Ǿ䣬߳Ϊҡ
ӦزݲڹգȻֻʶӣȥͶͬΪϵ档ľݴʷ֮λҲظŵģӦȥͶ
˵ˣֿӦɥ֮Ȯӣ֪ȥԺǵӦ𱲷ֶ֣ɱͬ塣
Ӧؿ޵:壬Źң֪㲻Υӻңֻһȥأֻѣ
̾㣬ҲϽ
Ӧޣһƣ˵ˣи취
ſһͷʵУȻװ˺ʵͷڴᣬһ˱סֽ
ͣɧĿ̧֮ݴʷĸۡӽߵһС
ָǸıλкΪϴ֣֮ңΪȫ壬Ҳòףл
С˽ģʿ̧Ӧڳ
ºڷ֮ʱӦʮĸװ͵˳
˵㸸ҵݴʷһֱĻмοΨһĶӣҲһϾԺԶ߸߷ɣҪٻˡ
Ӧм㣬档
صϰӦһ򱱳ӣҪȥ
Ӧһɨղǰĸмͻ⣬˫Ŀ˵ȥԹ׵ǸԹȥͶʺҵĸҲ̩ɽϣԺԹˣһ죬һǣԹģرҵһС
䣬һңʲôġ
ںҹﴩһףֱضزסȻã
Ӧһø棡׺ͼʼͷҪմһմңתͷͰ㡣
ҲҲҹҡһëȣ˵ҵ˶ܾˣҲ֮ȻϡΪɱ㣬ףԱסݴʷλãҪȻ㡣
ӦȻΪֻǰסǶۭͦģۭѾǻʵ۵ˣһкܶţץ
Ӧʼʩʼˣ˵Ҷˣ֣һ
˵ûһӵһأҾԲ㡣
ӦʧɫΪΣ
㲻֪ɡ
ýëһӣż
ʱʸ籩ϮӦ˲䱻˴⬡
ûӦʬףȷ˽Щʬ׶ᵽװ뽭ģӦ볤˵ȻФӹ̣ҶǣһֱңҾ͹װ֪ﲻܣٴʧȥˣҲ˯Ⱦ
ôһУصǣװʲô鶼ûӡ
ΪףȻס˾ݴʷλã֪Ӧͷͬĵط
صʬ屻˵Ϊҳӣڳ˹նףͷȸ档
ֵڧΪӮңǿصͷ­ȸϣѹһʤϲöûС
˾ô֣ǰǶֵʱ޲ɱأҹʹޣˣӶصĺá
صͷ­ֲʮ꣬һԲ̾СڣСھЦ̸˵ֵǺڡСʱ򣬰ϲ㣬ӣȥǱܹעˡ㣬ٳ˲֪ӡ
ƾصĸԺӲʵıԼܳ谮ǹǴƵ˵ĻţΪֶÿ񴵸ֲʺƨմ˲ٹ⡣
һҲˡ
˵׷ģһ뷨Ӹ常ʬ
ôϵˣζҵ׶Ϊ˱ӣ˲ֱӸ顣
ȥۭ鸮糯ۭ裬˵͢¾ˣʩӹٷ̷ȻѰᡣΪ¾ֹ˽ʵ£ϿصļΪʬȫ˹Ҳ˵塣
̫Ǹˣͬˡ
Ϊʬͷ­ȸŽڲϣΪ˾һɥ¡һûΪһ
رϾǸˣ泼ŻеԸ֮Ϊ٣׷׳ءЄТݣڼóѣΪشһġ١
ڶˮģҲģЄ١Ǻޡ
̫֮۹ͣһʹʳǧԼҴ󳼣ʳһǧ˰ٻٴۭĸ󳼣ʳһǧٻۭ˺ӵλµ˧ҡһ䣬ΪĸƽӴ˸ƽۭһٳΪһʿ塣
̫ҪΪӺôͻ飬˵ԵȣһһҪ
̫ʣʲô飿
ÿ죬ڵһꡣ
˵ܲٲٵ¡һ콵꣬һһҹͥԺĻԶˮˮߡ
֮ͣ󣬵ݣȻ¶˺üˮôĴ͡
үˣҶæˣǼͥԺ˹£¾ȻžŸͣȫǮһǮ

180 ӱŮ

˺Ͳ˵ĶԼ, ˶˭ĳ, Ӯ˵ʮǮ統Ц̸, ˼, ҹΣһ, μ˸һǮ˵Ҫõ
Ȼܾˣʱϡǵ, ۰ӣŹһλլ, һ˿ķ
۳ǳģĵλõòĿĽˣʲô紵ݶᴫ鳯о, ҲȥڽǵЦ̸
֮, ԼضҸ˲СĴ, Ϊ, Ѵ, Ҫ, ֻ̫ʳǧԼǧƥʹ, ˾ͽ̫ĹְԴȥܣڼܷͷʱٳˡ
ѵйԴʧ֮󣬷˲̬ȴ䣬ԸЦϷǰȻദǢڼﲢįҪǰǮˡ
ҶͻȻ˵԰ݣ¶ŸһǮ̴ոƽľûйֻΪƾŰǮǰЩð¦Ժһ£Ҫȫ˹ȥСס顣
һ׼õΪʲôҪô
һǮ鴫ǰξӦôζô޽үһǮҪˡõȥ
ҪҶѴɽȴͶˡ
ˣŶӵ֣ҪʲôðǮΣԼԺڿӣôܸɳ£ӵĻô죿
ʵ벻ͨ
·Ըйݴ񣬡ҪӹǱ䣬ᳯһѰƵҵĻڣҵҳξð֮⣬ΨݲܶϾԶᱻЮУðӹһص̨ǣȶȵۣٶأӦÿ£ͷ۲ľƣӲٰϽȥ
ӵƢ˽ģ˳ʵִžǿ飬˭ı䲻ˡ
˵СʲôҶ㡣֮־Ҿ͵ʾҪȢӹ֧㡣Ҫ͹ˣҲǿȥ٣ҵ࣬Ҳô£ŪֵС
˵һƬį֮ɫνȱȱӯһͣʻŽ˼ңҪһˣڣأǿ͸;ø泼
ҲҪȥΪı󸻹ǰ̣ҲҪȥĳʿҽˡʮˣҶûд߻顣ֻϣһƽùƵҲãҵ֮Ҿ뷨֧㣬ɲɶνΪηҪѡ͹ȥһأ͹Ժӣұ֤ȥǡҵĵճӰҰĶӣҲʧȥ㡣
ǰڳ׵ѹѭ浸أʱСƵίʮҶ㲻ôӹ㣬ҲӰҪ㣬ҲҪ㡣ݣϾԶʧȥˡӣСҶ˳㣬һΣҾܾҲܽʧȥ¡Ҳԡ
ԽãоԽΣЩӣġ
óıߣ׶ȵۣأع۷壬Ҳб˼ѳɣѲƭˡ
飬Ҳһ˵㣬Ѿõ˲
˵ȥĸ
ѵĸֻһӣͬݵ¡ֻһϰˣƢֲǲãҲ㡣
زΪ롣
ͷϵĸмֱ̩ɽˣӭȥŸ״⺢ħˣúýѵʲôŰ죬𶯲Ѱٻ
鸴ӣΨгĬ
粻˵ΪŭæάãԼͷϣ̣֮ҵĴһʱͿ
ϵתΪã綼ĸɷˡ
ӵѾϲˣ򷴸ٲ͡ûôҹµ뷨ֻΪŮãʵԸٴʧȥӡʧǴΣǿ磬׸ء
ܲһӡ
˵ǮʧȥһӣǡǵõһŮ
ӱŮϲϲ̼̼
Ҳһյʱ仰⡣
ָŲ磬㡭͵ת
ͷǵģʺΪĺҹ£кϣǸԸΥҸպҲͬʱУŮ˰ǵôΪʺĶܹȻӹ׹⣬ÿ°ֻɥȪһΪū㣬ĺ°ɡ
һݣСݼˡ׻˵һŮԶǸס
һʱܲȻʹȥ
תʱʹˣԷű飬ɢͷѡ
õݸһű÷һĹɶ£ȥ˵˸جΣεͥԺһǮ㲻ҶӣŮ˵ЦЦ
ʱˣе磡Һ֮һˣ಻٣ոһǮ˵ɲɣ͸׵ξˡ
һ볯϶ҹȥ죡ȥ
񱻸ϳȥˣ˵Σشϣ˸泯ʣѺãһԸ⽻̸ӡ
˵ˡ
ס䣬Ȼ׺ֻһ֮֮𰡣
Ÿհõҩˣ͵תҸɵģǶʲôɼ
Ҫ־͹ңңҶԡ
˵Ҳ㣬ҲҪŮֻҪҶӡ
鵽زֻ¡ҩˣվӣó㣬ʺûã㻹ӡ˾ġ
߸ӣĸǱ˼ҵģ⾿ԵŤǵµɥҪôпʵ
ѵǸӵ
ܲϣԷôôǰ׳ջʵ۵Ķӣʺȴݵۡ
Ȱݣĸֶӵʾˣĸղܣҵ־һͳξðͽͳҺӹᾭٻǻһϣȥж飬Զ׿ӴԺ˶ӣ׵һŮŮѪԶڡ
ڿϻͷˣһסõ֣Һö˶˵ӣȴѶŮθģԺ˽ýҸס
ɿˡ
û֣ãס
õ᲻÷֣˫ĿᣬƲǶҪ飬ǶҪޣΪ˼ҵˡ
ҵͥԺڱִӣв಻һǮ鴫齨ǣϢһ𴫳ȥģòصϢ
ۣ˵ӢţξҪΪʵˡ
˵Ƕ֮ˣ·ɽٵģպ֮Ҹչɹѣ޵ԲҪλɰ࣬һǮΣģҲõǮ
ȻҪǮ˽ǮŻȥ»ʾܾõĲһֱת
ҹΪڷҶƻһΡμһΰĿʿŴ߽ţæʲ֮˭
˵ǽģɽɽʮ޵һعƹ˼
æ磬óԺúȵź˵Ҷʴӱо֮ţˣڹڼҶĪʧع⿪Ҷ
ĳԱ㣬̾Ҳ㣬дֹʮȻɣҹ޵ȴܹ˵顣
԰գľͲˣ̴֮ȹƷȥɽɽɽģܽ
ǲãð¶ʮģʮգȻֹʮ಻٣һע

181 

˽̨Ǳɥ, ֪õѶ
̫˾ױʴֺΪꡱӴñΪӡ
õ, ̫, ˶ޣ̫ȴһᶼû, ˵
һȥԹӭ۵ؽ·ϰ׹¶Ұǧ޼ԭ, Ŀꡣ̾˵, Ǽ, мо, ޾ҪһȺЩѾʼµ, Ѿ, ˡ
޽վüӡ
̫, ѧ, 
Ծ
ðǮȦǰ¿, Ҳкѵ, ޲, ѧΩΩФ¿, ȱ˳Ц, ֮Ϊ̸
̫ѧУû˸ȡЦʵۣ޻ʵ£ʦϧš
λĵո̨ͲȨأСǹٲܣʱ˳̫۾ȻΪƿػȨĻʵۣ
̫ѧ꼦Уص̨ǣ׻ʺ
׻ʺ˵ϣ̫Ҫˣ˼ȥӣʺϵ̫ʦȻˣûڣɷԲͳݽ̫ӵʦ檾ãõĽ̻壬̫ӽͻһһλ
̫ûϸҡͷУѾӦãӹοӹ岻ãһΪ˳أᣬҪһɾ£͸Զ·ţӣ̫ӵĽͽ
̫˼Ƭ̣˵ǽ̳ܽţ̫ܰӵ/̺á
׻ʺӦ£ʣˣļ𣿡
̫˵Ȼ̫ѱԵɸҪסˡ
̫˾ֻ꣬Ӧúܸ˽Ρ
׻ʺˣȥŶ֮£ҹ̫һֱûȥʣ֪̫ȥҹ
Єˣĳ檣Ҳ̫Ψһʱĺ󹬲ںŮйˣԴΪҫʾĹ
һͳĽ˾ף㼯ӣ˯ֻܿ˯Ķͣ˭ޣϲ̣Ǿ͹ſˮ򣬾ö֮¥ſˮϴؾͳΪ˴ͳ
̫ƽϢ֮ңЄŪûд󳼷ԣȻ֮¡
Є΢ûãû˾ȡţɴΪƺ
Є̨ǵõ裬׻ʺ󲢲ںŮˣֳ򣴨ϣܵǶҪְкƽɫ֮ƣʺ֮λ̩ɽʲôأ
׻ʺмЄ裬һӣֵֶڳȨƣĻţ򣴨һһʿС
¦Ժ
ƮѩҲѽȴů紺Ӵ򿪴ȥӴѩ˻ȥžһرմһͷۣ֪ѵ
ãҴãϻƤѩñȥһߣڼҪˡ
Сòܾ̾ͷϸո룬˵̫޷ܳȥ
üģͰ̫Լѧе˵ˡɫ̶ת磬ʵȤ˵ɣʱֱ˸ˣ˵ʱЩЦԷǵ
˰һ̫ۺЄܸʹϲǼҷˣֶ߽ӡͶ£ͽܳ
ܳǸк
ΪѸˣһҪǷ˺úõ壬Īܷˣܳʱһȥ
ʹߣӾͷ䵹׼ܳ񣬺޲ðкö
£һѣҪȥһЩַŲ֪ʱøˡ
˵ģôˣԿء
ûԿף˲һǡ
²ǰʾʾһţǻûס
˵Ҵʮ꿪ʼȣ֮꣬ˣҲٵˡ
ֻ𣿺˴
ӵĿຢӶˣǻԭأܷ䣬ϰ
ӭöϣ
ʱһԭɽȥԳǲܷ˵ֶͳΪԹӣ϶Ͷùá
ֶط꣬ԶͳźӣǼ˶˵Ӻ
ܷ˰ʧɢֶͳܸɷŲͳ̨ʥ̫۷˲ͳΪĻƷòӼƣӹУ̫۴ͻ飬̫۳ȫӹ¼޲ͳ
ӹ¼֮󣬺ͲͳĴȥˣλѪͳĹ뿪Ȩģʧڽǡ
һ󣬽¡
ܷȥӵķ䣬ǰùĶװһ˷Žⷿ
·ʱ򣬲ܷһ֣һԿ׶ӽˮ̴ˮȥѰԿףֹܷˣ̾˼ˣҶѾ𻯳ɣͲҪٴҲٴӿĶɴԿˣ̲סٿȥ
˻ȥǶڸܷ̾˰׷ͺڷ˵ıˡ
̨Ƕ̫ӽλϰȥӷһᣬȴִ˵رˣֻз˲ڡ
˵ϷҪһЩ㼸ÿ춼û뿪һδ˻ɡ
̾ˣϷ̫ҲãڶΣټϹҪҴϢãҪϽӹ̨һˡ
һΪΣ̨ǳʲôˣ
ϵ塭ˡ
ţϲŶʮ꣬ഺһֱͦõģôͲҪӹĵزҪ£

182 ɬ

̫Ǹ, λ֮󣬻֮ǰƶĹңʵ¿, ע
Ǹ֮ˣ˵ȨͷȨǰǣȵ¶Ȩ, һ״ֻ̬ڳһʮ̨Ƕ̫ӽΡ
С̫ܹʲôأֻһЩɵ֪ʶ, ͹ˡ
һҲʮƽ, ¹ٴӶ뵽Ϲ, Ųϵ̫ۣҲһ׻ʺԱߣҲʡ֮ǰҲ˵岻ʣмδ󳯻ᶼûȥ, ȡˣΪֻͷȣû, Ͼֻ̫жʮ, ˸׳ꡣ
̫ǸĶ˵Ǹ, Ҫ˾ͽĶӶϱ, ޵첻, Ҫǻȶֶ֣ɸˡ
׻ʺһᣬʵûˣһ̫죬ڣǻƵƵϳضĻֻ̡̻̫꣬ҵЩǴӹѪͳͱְξͳǻҪٳȶ档
󾪣һ̫ܸʲôոջд֣ôܶùЩѷķ
Щ۸¶ĸȥҪһ֮ң
οϼȻҴһصͲѶӶϱٻ
绹û̫۴޽Ϣ߳ô£ʲô
룬˵ϳ谮ɫ갢ڣأǱŮեɵġ
ޣɷһڣ˹ܲסԸ͹ŮˣʹЄǸե֭ḥ̂ҲĸԸĥ̶ͷȥ֣ܵЄһֻᴵŮˣõЩ˾ͷɣ
æ˽ѵǣҵ;˵
ΪЄģЄ˻֮ȥˣЩ˻û˺
˵ϽúӽлڣЄް
ͷ
óɻ֮ͳȥ£ٲ˭һطѸҵǡǾǱ鲼ϣһԭԹǺꡣ
Ч¿ֽֿ⣬ʳ۸ʱ룬۸ʱų׬Ǯܵʳ۸Ǻ굱Ϊ˷ѰʧĹ÷׬Ǯռ鱨ǵ֦ɢҶ꣬ÿһЩԣСǺ꣬ռ̶Ⱥ͵趨ִĽźͿˡ
Ӻ븸ĸԼҪϢͰϢŸǵǺܵ꣬Ȼܵ괫ֵ꣬еſڶһҹ֮ͬһźֽʾΪ˿ͣӽȫۣ
Ǻ㣬ζãƽʱŶӣһȫۣǴӽͷŵβһ֮ھ˲֪
ǳԻӺһϢüмˣȥһҺ꣬ƹϰţƹͻдŰֽǡ
ųϣϣѾأʱڰ׵۳ǣҲǺꡣ
úھ˵й£иةĹ棬·˵Ǻ۸ϽȥŶӵϢ
˶һۣһ꣬ʲôˣ
ȥ˺õдţ֪̫۲òᣬҪԤйˡ
̫ͣӲ꣬˼궼ʮˣ
£ҹ̣˳Ҳ˳ˮ·;ʵңԶʱʮŵ
´֮ǰ̨ǡ
˾ܿҪˣټ̫ס˾k˾ͽｫۭ½ʡὣԼһλ󳼽
й£һֻиһˣˣ̫˾Ϊ˽ȶƽ⣬һҸ˸󳼣ÿݶһ
˾kǻ塣
ڶǴʿ壬ۭ˧Ĵ󽫾һڽͱɴˣȨա
̫ۻ̫ʱھĹϳ
Ǵӣ׻ʺ׸磬̫ӵľ˾ˣݡ
˸󳼣ϵͬһĸ㣬̩ɽ
̫۾ѡݡ
֮ǰ̫һ׮Ҫɡ
̫۰ѳЄˣҪЄѣ˸Ϊйģôиˣ
ЄҲĪ˳ӵĴ١ߵʱ򣬾ӣĺܡ
һˣ߸ѻȸΨɵֽкá
֮һ̵Ķӣ常Ҳ֮һ̸䣬ͨɣپҵ
ں͸һ֮ˣΪν֡֡͡һģ㷢жѣһͬʣ̺һֱӣ͹ĸҵһʱŮˣĸȥʱĸһԶУ̴Тһͷ¿ӣϹȥŮ׷ˣ
һʱһ¿ϣŮ§̵Ŀ֮»صҡ
ТڼΪֱףȴ˵Т޺Ϊ󣬴ڽӴŮ˲ʧȥ
ŮΪӣСӾڡ
̫һһʱ˵ѪͳƤ𪣬ͷ΢沿䣬ҲǸӯӡ
ںþƣȶƤµǮơ̸
ھǮ֪ôûģһȥ棬ǮֻһǮˣȡЦװʲôҿЦֻһǮңɬͲ㿴ˡ
´ȥö֮ΪһɬûǮ
ЄһˣΨƽкãڳ˧ֺãʿ壬ԡơ͡ɬЄøС
̫۹۲Ű˸󳼵ķӦָЄ˵Ů˲òͨɺ赸Ǹвļˡ޿첻ˣ᲻ɳúһʻ̨ǵ㣬ѳкúõĻš
ֻǵŮˣǿ˲ܱԣλ˭Ҫܿڣް͸ǣҪúöԴ
Єһڲ֮ǰӼձ߹䣬ϣ
Īޡ̫۸ᣬ޷ҪһһǾҪһһһ춼УΪ㻹С꣬һʵŵԣŪˣֻ޶ʮ֮ǰҪ㰲׵ҸˣÿɽҲҪĹÿһ졣
й֮ǰиˣҲֻ̫ܸɳ顣
ø˵ǻأ顣
룬ҪǰЄ粻˺ңС
ۭɫҲȤҲڡ
Ϊ׻ʺĸ磬ǰЄΪУôܴӦչЄһһ
ʣ˾k½ʺή뷨һģغͻ϶ǳ谮ŮͻȻÿ£ҥ˵ЄǸե˵ḥ̂˭Ҫ˭һأҪ
λ󳼶ڻر̫۵Ŀ⣬Ψ˵ڶЄһ飬˵ԸԴͳ
̫۶Є˵ڣ޸չЄʹ߰ɡ
Єᣬ̫һݣˡ
λ󳼻ʣ߸̫ۿʼй¡

183 گ

˸󳼣ûʼй, һ˳, ʣ߸󳼶֪˵ɶá
ˣЄ֮, ̫ĵľΪʿִʦֲЄЄп̫˽һ׮, ʱöˡ
̫ۿʼй£̫, ֻ꣬벻ĸ, ׻ʺţ£֮, ׻ʺΪֱ̫̫ʮӹΪֹ
׻ʺλ󳼵Ԥ֮УΪ̫ʲô裬£׻ʺΪ̫Ů, û, ׻ʺ󶨻һһ⸨̫, סλ
ƹл, ǣʡ
½ƹ̨ǡ
λ󳼣˾ְЭ̫ӡ
Ϻ̫۵İʵ̫ˣݣ̫ӵľ˾ˣ׻ʺȻ׸Աסλƹлǡ
Ǹ𱣻̨ǻʹ뽻ûһϵ½ʣԷֹ󣬶ԻȨв
źú£̫̾Ҫģ޲ѹֻȥԭӭ۵ĳ׹¶Ұǧ޼޷ĵǻ֮󣬶ҪոԭͳһϱϧѾ޽Ŀ޷ˣ̫ӻףλ֮󣬻ʺλ󳼻Ϊݣɽ𢡣
£йݴ
ֵ̫֮ӼףҪŪʲôװᣬҪš
£ʡԱ̫۵Ļ£дگ飬Ϲǻʵگ
£̫ۻ˯Ҳ֪˼ʱ׻ʺ˵ϣúӹˡ
̫˵
˾Ƕӣֻ꣬
׻ʺ󲻽⣬˵˯ˡ
̫˵
׻ʺֻ
ӺϹʱ̫Ѿ𴲣иСͯ˯㣬С˵ġ
̫ˣʤ£ιǶ·͹Ҫȥӭӣ÷£ɻĿ⣬̫ЦûʲôıƣﶼԼˣʺͻݡҲЄ޹أȴûзԼҹҹϸ衣ÿҴ¶æ˷ˣֻЄ赸޽ⷦ޵ں󹬱۸ͽ͸ڣǶϲ֣־ͬϣʻ˲ˣΪ
ָ̫Ŷ򣬡̫и׻ʺλ󳼣лʺ߸󳼻ֳ֧⣬̫ʮλ󳼵Ҳ
̫䶼ȥˣʹ߸˲֮ģҲãΪүջȥ
̫ĥŶӵСһа׵޿ˣΨһĵľһ֧ķţǷӵģϸʳ˻ʵۣӱ̫ӣķž͸ʺΪ̫һ̫ϣ޵ӣ;
޾뵽ٳĴߣ޵̫ѣ޲ٶĶĿȾ֮£Ǹ
һʧɫ
ӱϾڹ͢ĥĹˣһ˿Ծϣ˵ʵ⹬ǲʲôԾҲѼ顣
ӣһʵۣһǳȥԶ̨ǡ
ñȽί񾯾Ĵָպˮڰд֣ڹ
̫۴Цγԣôܣ޿ɲǰĴܵǴܹصˣлȨ֣˭ҲֻعʷÿʵǰΪȫİţµۼλ׵ۼλʱûмǷƽ˾ġ
޾룬Ƿ޳⣬ٹʳǺòˣô˼ϽУɴиǣвƣʹоޱ䣬ܹס֡ȫİš
ʿգĿ࿴Ǹáѧежʵ۶˼ܣŲߣﰵگŵġ޷졣
ԭǻæӡ
̫۵޷ܾϾϵ˾ҵİΣ˵۱֣ĹùãùչֶӦ
˵ǴӦϣ̫ӽʮὫͻ̨ǡ
̫ҡͷʱʮ꣬ˣԼҪԼѡԸ̨ǻǸһһڸǽ֮ڣɣʵĽٳڿѳȥˡ
̫ñӽһп׶ĴС˯״ѵ䣬Ҳû۾
̫۰źһУ˵̨ǲ˾̴뿪Ӿ˵޴͸ǵǸϽߣҪڽǶһзƽ˾ٻΨһҪٳæһ¡
ôӳǣʧããҹɫУ綼δ
˾ͳʱӣð˯ȥ˯ӿĵƻ˵ܸоﲻ̫ԡϻ͸ŹŹ֡
ǰ¾ãǱ֮ǰֻĿǰӳҹɫУ벻ס
˵͢úʱƽͷ۲ոЩ⣬Ҫٲˣչ˺飬䡣
ȰӣʵҲȫţֻϰǰװˡ
ЩľȨ׷ţֹҲ붯ĸʹϤ࣬ڳĳĻΣ
Զһںšڲ
ݣػţ̫ǿ׳Ĵ˵ˣӵĻһϾ꣬ٴβԶʧȥˣ׳ףҪϧǰˣҪپ
óǵҹ̫˾ܾͲˣʮꡣ
գ¶ʮ̫˾ǣ̫֣ǻΪۣΪ̿Ϊ׵̫磬ȥϣСʵܹи֡
λΪȵѡֺţһͬΪ֣˵λֻжݵ࣬ȴһλɶõԺΪۡ
Сʵ۵κз齣̫϶ǰ洹һ
ն̫̫ͨһ󹬲ø̫ԣһ̫̫̫ȴҪΪ̫¡ǾȨ
ÿϳʱСʵ۶ʲô̫ģ̫飬͸£ͷܶʶǺ⡣
ܿ죬ƹ𱣻̨ǵλ֮һ½Ϊ»򣬿ͬ˾λıȨˣ׶ױ൱ڳίЭȲϱˣûʵȨ
һվȨƿлǷ˾ڣʱ˾ף
Ч˾ڱͷ
ƹлױ̨ⶼ׼ҵˡ
Сʵĳ˾ˣôͷ
ͷ˾ڣձ֣Сʵүү˵ֻʮٰ꣬ͷʱͷŰͷ
˵ͷıұɱˡ
ĳͻȻˣСʵЩܲˣ޵˾˵ͷıɱҪ˵˾ıҸô찡
ˣŵɫף֪˵ʲôá
̫Žô˵˾ˣΪãձҪͷ㣬Ժ˵ô뻰ˣ̯
Сʵսս̯֣̫Žߣݺȥʮ£Űݡ
´ȥһǣʲô˾ͽĹְȫˣ󳼲ˡ

184 Ų

ڼҺͲ壬ʣնλ֮һ, ô˵ɾͲˡ
ָ, Һͷ壬˿Ի, ˿˵˲ˣԸŷˣΪνϼǮӮ˷Ҫ˰ۡ
統һǰۡ
óԸ, ˵ڳ͢ϺʹͲͬˣĵй, ޹زɷԲԷع, ΪͣĻ壬Ƶ, һܿ顣ҪǼȥʤ㲻˵һˣŵ˳, , ¾Ͳ䡣
, ɫת, Ѿˣ¾Ͳ䣬̫ͻϹ¶ĸģ׸磬ЩյĴҲ⡣ҺúˣҪȥ
ĬһʼǷ־ȻķʽһβŴӦϳһǮĴϷ
ǽһ֮꣬˷룬ڿôǶԵġ
һӣ˵⺢ȼ֮ߵĺá
ۿ弴ҪµĵطԼİնˣæֻס̣׼ӣΪѸµһö˵Ҹղֻź˵´طˣҪ
ճ壬ֻӣط¡
ǳʣ̫ξܾʾλ󹦳ְִĴǳʱ̫ͬˣʳغͲݣûоܾ
ǴٳƵһһܹע̫ͬĴǳʣ̫ʵ˳۰Ҫڳˡ
ˣЄ̸룬ʫʸ踳̸赸ڵһӦЄ̨ʱ̫ΪΣ
Є˵̫Ĳǣ˵Ϊ˴ȣ̬ǫͣ£ȱ 
Є̫пϵģôôܻ֮ʰЄиڣ
Ȼŵ˺ܴǾ֮ҵԭʿ壬׸հ¹϶ʱĻʱڡ
Σʶ˵񽭶ʵǳʱ裬հ٣δڣ֮ӡ˼˵ʵףͣлûס飬ǽдҵͷ
Єڰѻ˵ˣҲڣ˵̫ɲ⣬ְˣ̨ʱר裬̫Ҳ˵źˡΪ̫ܹˣڿֻ̡̫
̫ˣغڵľλϰغ뿪ѰһȳңӴ˶Ͼ쳾
ǸеˣЄҵŮˣȥǰģһһܼഺȥͷֱ֣ϵУа취㡣
뿪ǣȥϵ٣Ϊػϱٽ
ʿҪȥϱӴǣ׼ҵһ飬ʹͬڵ󣬷ΪϽݴʷʱĹݲڵĹݣǹǱߣ
ڴЄԼ󲿷Ǩ㵽ϣԶ뼴η籩˴Ӵ˶ٻصˣܣö֮ΪϵĴգ֮˼Ǩ㣬ɢʱ嵭һУѲ֪ԼĸԴʵԴŲϲֵĶʿ塣
ǧǵĺΪԽˣţɱطͣšκɫǿȡĸлؽзĻ
̶һ꣬˴󳼣˹߸ػ
½ʱлıȨи˾ͽְ
ְӲˡ
ڴŰЄܵ٣Ҳ·ˡ
˾kˡͷ˾ıǣҲ˱Ȩǡ
ۭһֱڽתΪӣػ߾Թʯ֣ڽǡۭµֻһˣȨҲܹ顣
άǣνݴʷפ
ΨһһλףǱ˵˲㡣
ײְͬͬ½ʱȨͬ·ͬȥݡΪ˾ıûá
̫Իʵ۵尲һУӵһƱȨ޿κΣ˵ȴǸϻÿڳ򲻿ɣ̫򲻿ɣԼ򲻿ɣظһΣȻƨûС
㲻㣬ǰߴ󳼻ǣƣЭһ߸֧ţɽӦܹס˰ɡ
ԸΥ̫֣һ㣬ֻһ֧ˡ
һ˶ڳȨӿı˺䵳𣬹Ҫ䵽רȨĵزˣסˣ˼ȥΨһͱ׶Կֻһˡ
ȥɽ֮֮ѷϣרȨڼﻹס
ʣÿ̫𣿡
˵ûУҲܣԣʵǣ
ҡͷʱҪųնҲȲҡ
׼ѵȥ
Уֻ̫ʺͼΣ˵ľϷʵ꿿Źɱ̫󣬽ũ壬ס׳ջʵۣӴ˼ּȨ㳯Ұ¡
Ǹʵˣ˵ֶıԣ̫ԶֻʺҲʡ
ֻʺִʮ꣬Ȼɱ飬ִʱڹǿʢעٻʵ۶ֻʺ
ʣֻʺôּȨ㳯Ұôֻʺִꣿ
ףʮ
׵ͶˣԼֻʺֻ֧ʮ꣬ô׻ʺ͸ˣʹܹʮ꣬ʱʵʮ꣬گʵۿʼ׻ʺҪص󹬣ٸ
ȻȥһйְǵʦÿҪʵ۽οΣʵСȴȻ֮࣬԰꣬һСʵ۳󡣡
ΪϺ꣬һϯ˵ıΪŷ
׻еǣ˵ûУ˾Ϊβ̨ǣ̫ʮߣСֶˡҵ̫ϣһƫϣһѻʵ۴ˣա˾աס˵
ҡͷ̫ɵе̫ãẦʵ۵ġ
˵ʳӣʹ̫û˼һ߱λ֮أ
ңָԶءҲǵճӣӹȥԶΡ۾ۣѵǵһûʵۣǰλ󳼻ͳȥˣɻѪͳӹӻţĴ㡣

185 Ѱ·

ͱٳʧһ, ЩͷԱ, ˵ۡ⾳
ֻÿ, ģƢȲˣʲôֻ̫ʺͼһ̨
, ֪ˡټҺȨ̫, λ̫, Ҫȡ֮ҺӲӲܶ˸ۻ, 뿴ʲô, ǫ̂ġڣأѾˣҲûһ񰢺һս, ҲޱȨ, ϸ֮ʱ˭ǣ
ʮֻأôھжô, ػڣ˭۸ҡڰ֡
˵ҾƴҲ汣
Ц⣬û, ֻ, Ͳͷ, ֻܿԼܿͷ˼⡣
ϵĶ֣Ѿ˼̲СְܿǶӦ飬ʱ򻹺׼һʱ̣ϵ
׷ѾҲȰɽֻ㬶顣
űįıӰĵ̫Ϊ棬һ֣οǱ٣ƵƲʲôˮ
ڼתһȦֺȶˣͷڳ˯ָˡ
ֶ֮һҪдͺëʣڳһʯд֣ʱˣʯ϶бʺۣʴдʦ緶
һ˳ãֵ֮ϧǸСͣٿһ죬ڲǹؼ˵ʮ仰֮ſĿİͰ˵һ䣬ô˶
ȻˣǾ͵͵ˣﵱڹꡣǧֻ꣬Ҫţлᡣ
ʱڳţ׼ֻ죬٣ڳв켺ֹȥһꡣ
°գھ˽̨ǳ̫̫ͳ硣
̫Ȼò絽ͣһ˿׷Ҳޣϣ̫ףͶǹʣ
̫˵ûˣҾͲĨˡԴǰиӹ಻ӣҪһһֱûӹϢ룬ܷҲһ˼ξβҪǷ޴ؾһˣҺͲܷ˶ܼˡ
룬뻢ڡ
˵ǳȥٲĺΪңżд鱨ƽʱڰͶʱǰ׵۳ǣԹڣҲ֪ںδ
̫һֱд٣һֱ޹ҰףƯܹҵͲʲˡ
̫ŲĻһʲôʽǡ
̫ʵмأ
ЦϷ壬ÿ춼УɻʶʳǣǻӿûʲôҪ
Ǹ첻µزµԸ̫˻ȥ
̫Ҫ꣬Ҫ꣬Сʵ۽ֻ࣬һӦȨ̫Уγܾ
̫ƵЦݣ඼ûѶϢʲôģûпɶ鰧Ҳ֪һӹŪˣûչ˺ηﲻһؾǣΣҶҪһ档
ҲЦݣ̫ºô磬ѹˡ
̫˵ⰧΪĸĽǣûа취ֻ̨ǣӹ̨֮գǷ˻֮ʱ
ңǲϾͷ̫ӡ
̫͵Ų緢Ƣʺܳʮǿ׳ĸˣΰԭزöеŲ̊ǵͳ⣬̫ȻôѲ̨ˣ
̫˽͵ƻӹǰסĵطܷ԰꣬ĵȴ
£һʮʱÿһʱ࣬۾գһ£÷ѰٻҪúûţŹӡ
ѱƷЦ̫ģҲŲѰٻˣһúóԷú˯㾫񣬿㻹Ͻθ𡣰֮ң֮ң¹϶ɣңʲôûϻǳĺܡ
̫˵˵ܷҾ÷ͽܷ˲Ǽ޵ĺˣһöӣöѣɷͶӵıӻ֮£ܷһ˳죬Ҳ˸ҹܣ˶㡣һҿɲ߷Ļë˺úƻ˼
統˸ƿҰɵ֦ͷΪԸǷˣѵҡ
̫ŭ󵨣
ָŲӣ⿳ҿңĺͺ͵ֻʺ
һǸˡ
̫Ȼɱ˲磬ȥ
صδ빬ͷˣãҪʲôôͻȻ²ܷˣɲǡ
̫ԸҲûкɫǶĿͨ󰡣ǰŸ飬Ÿ͸ˣǸ̨ǣҺͻϵ̨ǣ
÷Ƣˣæ˵Ƕһˣʲô˴ˣҶΪúãҪ̨ǣһҪЭìܡʶ࣬ǹٻؼңʲô϶ᣬˮˮýͻȻܷˣսײףϽ˲ܷˡ
̫󲵵ֻںʵ۵СˣֻļǹͷԱůûУҵʱ᲻ޣСӣܷ˾ܲϣֻܳ²ߣӹͻ
˵ˣҲӰ
̫˵ôңҸô죿粻ұôֻԼ֣硣
̫ѾӹͳõʹӹΪǣ׼ҼֲϻǲΨһĶӣΪӣòܲĸ׵İΣض̨ǡ
ƿԣҲŪýʱָţּͬҵķΪὫ̬ȵϺ׼վڶ档
˵ҪżܻзӵģѾȥѰӹټȷ˲ܷˣܷѹ
ˣ̫˵Ѿ˸˵࣬ҾԼķʽһ
Ȱ̫˵ҷˣˣ͹үȥ
̫ˣȻ׸磬ΪסֻȥǸԲҲ֪̫²ܷˣҸոȰ̫ˡ̫Ϸˣûа취ˣֻٻعģ̨ܷǱΪϱûܵһί
ŭЦҷ˵Ƣ˭ҸڼһֱѾµίˣôûһί
룬ԲƢð̨Ǹ˰
˵֪ҷģҶûб˼࣬˾Ҳǹҷģ̫ĸطܷ꣬һĻ
ʵһֱزأ
˵ǸТӡΪТӣܶĸװΣӲ
룬ݾΪ˺ӹԶǷǣնϺͳĹû뵽òİΣҶӿɲͨĶӣǱҪǡ׼ҿҪʮģһǱض̨
ðɣ׼ҵġҪѰ·Ҿһ̡
˵һὫ¸߹ǻزôҾͲ֪ˡ

186 

׼˵İ̽һֱ, ֻҪмҶ, ͸ǰȥ, ͨʲôӺá
ȥüҶĶҲˣӦǸոྐྵʯɢɢҩԣͷɢ, ľ, ź, Ǻô󿪣ͷֻŵ, ʯɢ, ʱϷȣ, ͷɷ, ͷƤᳶʹҲܴ̫··ĦƤʱҲۡ
񴩵ô٣ͷ΢, ţϸֳХʯɢĿС
ˣ׼ҵİ̽, ͵͵ˡ
ȥʿ幫Ƽż, , ˳˻Ӯ塣
ֳͯСкС֮Ƶ֮֮Ǹ¶ľǰˣǸС϶ὫôҪ齻
û˸֮
µĽͷ֮ıȥǺ˸Ǯʱ򣬽ֽҲһƹ
֮ǰص֮һص͸ϽſѬȡůأ춳ˣ
ûгʯɢֶһжΪ֮ų˵ġ
֮ЩĲ磬ø磬ڻ᲻ᱻ̫ƹ
˵ܹƷ˵˻û
ƻԵ㣬˯ĺãȴһ
գǡ
ǺͻȻڵſ۸ʾ˳ӡ
ԽǸѧãСɣҲҪǮֻҪӿѧͽ̣Υѧ棬Ҫϳȥġ
ոճ¯Ʈѹ˶ЩоĺһԳϯˡ
мں˰̣ǻˣ˵֮϶ʱս𣬺ܶⳡսʧȥˣٸ˾ռߡ
Ƴһ۶ĳӣ˵ǰɢѧ߰ɡ
ͯһӵֻһкԭأ̫Ѱҵ˾
ſڴ̨϶ձˮ
ǮҲȥ֡
лץǮˡ
ȥ¥գС¯ϵ̵ˮˮֽϣȻ󽫽ݹˮֽϣһᣬֽգȻϼɲİ̺۸˺
ԭǸӣá
һУ¥ݴŲŶ룬ֽ̫Ѳ̨ܷǣҪǴȥ
ʲôҲɫùϸ飬ֽͶС¯յ̨ܰȥ׼˾ƿлӣǽΪΪˡ
ӹ磬ʵܷô죿ڽл׼ϵǧ֮ңʣ²һǧ̨ǾȲܷˡܸ͹פԶˮⲻ˽ʰ
˵ĪҪżһ͸ŹŹ֡˵̫һΪ֧֣ΪУǣ̫ĸɱ
ӻʱ̫뵽̨ȥԸӦʱ龰ȨǸµĶ˱Ŀȫǣû뵽ϵ̫󣬾Ͷ𱨣˲ܷˡ֪ҺͲܷͬĸŮ
ĸŮġ
ðӵֱ̫в㣬вҡȥ̨Ǻ̸̫ȥۭ˵ز̸ܾ̫ܺ£ǾͰˣ̸£
óƬ̣˵׼Ŀŵ켺λ󳼳ֻʣһȨƵףлԹۭʮӣܸɣʵڲУĴ㣬ֻܱˡ
¶ɫҪ̰֮ҲŹȥꡣ
ðοͼıַֻڽǻ˼ûü֮֡⣬Ȼ˾ҵ£öģӹۭܸǣһӦ
ǵڼδȥˣһж죬ļ˰ΣҪʱӽӳʱһȥӦǡ
İȫҪ˵ֿжһһȥǣӴһ·ȥͶۭ
գߺǵ˽ӡʵիӼĸײˣЯ޴ȥ̽ףիƽʱƸ̣ӣƸʦϡ
䲻ǲҪҪĸݣˮ·ҹ̣͵˽ǡ
¦Ժ͸棬ϴԼ°һȦٺӣͱȻһȥ̨ǡ
̨ʱһ󱱷𣬹Сѩöѩ׵ĺá
һֹǰУ˵ֻ̫һˣ롣
һۣ˵Ҫҷˣߵġ
ס˸׵֣ҲҪȼܷһаãܼ̫󡣡
ȥػһһ¹ٹ·͵ƻ
ճ緹Ĵ䣬ɷӣһƵ̤ϸѩܹȥľȵý±ѩ֨֨죬ǿˣ
ϸӣ⼸վǰЩ
ɷһƣǵȻˣΪҽƣ˶ûУÿԳ˯˯ģȻˡ
ɨһȦźĹˣǲ˵ҷΪϱôǾԴϱģ
һ곤ĹŮ˵Ųܷ壬ǲܷ˵źĲãӮ˾˵̫ʵڲ֪źܷˡûбȲźˡ
üԣӮģǲᡯˡ壬ӮȤҸӡ
ĵĸﶼĺá
¹ٴߴٵڷ˰ɣۼȥ̫󡣡
ŲȥˣȻҲÿֶӺӰŶһаš
̫ڶá
̤붫ţีļȻļǴӵ±ѩＸ÷ļҼצӡղмֻոɢ
ʱۣڶΪȺճǵСѾĴˡ
뵽ΪĬƬ̣ǰ˼ܣԤϵзֱһ죬߸󳼻ǣƣͰͳȥԷһİţȴǱпʵ˰ţһ񰡡
̫ʢװڷϣȼŻ裬һ̨յˮɻţƢ
񣬴ſʼ̫ͽһᣬʵĸˣ
˵ˣĸһаãл̫Щӵġչˡ
̫װлվ߽ӹأ
˵Ҳһаá
̫ʣӹˣǶǶʮ꣬Ͱͬ꣬ŮһӣӹһаŮûУ
˵̸̫ĸ׵顣
̫ЦҾǺ̸ܷˡʵûд̨ǣҲҪԷ㸸ĸһصϷ޹ӡֻһ
ָ̫ã㣬

187 Ե̫

Ǹˡ
ǸԹҲܵˡ
һġѻĿв˶֪, Ȼ֪̫䡰㣬ʲô˼
ǲӡҪĸӢ˼
ǰøɹƵ, ֻΪ˸ס
Ϊ˰߼չĴֲɫ࣬ߵڳţҡ, ʱ򻹷ɧڳͷеΧŮΪ֮Уӯ, ҺýϵŮͶǻ, ŮǱȽϺţͶʹ, Ҫ
֮ģ˽֮òŮ˷ʱСȢҡҪӡȵȻ, ǰֻһӵķţֻǡóѣİˣǻſԶ۶̬, 
Ȼ, ӡһֱŪ֡
Ըɫ׽ҵĲΣʾԸΪĸ׶Ϊ̫֮ﱻŪһ, нڲٺϵʿӵ, Ѿ˺, ӵˣ
ͬϲɫ, ΧŮֻǵϲ̫ռþëȻ
úʬδ̫ء
̶̫꣬ĿȱȻ̿Ҫȣ۸ȣ磨«έ񡣡
̫󲽲ƣҵһμ㣬ȥ̫ѡʱͶһ飬۾е磻ÿȥ糯ϼվ紺֮ԡЩһû䣬Ȼǵ㡣ʱԳݣͷлϣ̫ӣֻٰ̣ܰĬĬĽ㣬ڲһˣ̨Ǳҵ£ڿˡ
Ϊ̫ꣿ
ˣ˵Īĵ⣬ڿ̣ʱΪֻǽҪѹҺ̫ӴкҪչ˰ᵽ̨ƻӣӴ֮ӹıһĵĴɩȻͼȾָСõɷ򡣡
̫ЦŮ˵ֱǶԵġҾǼôʹ̰㣬ȴ¦Ժ˽ᣡ¦ԺͤǸа̴ɴּپ㣬ҹûʶƣΪΪ档
̫˳ֲŪŰϵĹ٣㣬ֻܹζҼοҪݵּӻܾһδεҪ㣬ֻ˵һĻҪȻҾԼҪˣҾ
÷С޲£һ֮ҡ֮ҡ¹϶ʱʧɢط꣬־֮ңʲô谭Ƕı⣬һһһ˫ˡҲһûи̫˵
̫󲢷ִԲ֮ˣΪƿػȨȨ뵱ϷȼŮˣȻҪõİ飬˵
ϲ㣬ҵȤΨһǲԾܾңңҲֹͣȥϲ¡͢ζʱ򻹳Ϧ͵͵ϲһˣֹֻ֣ͣӹҪչôϲ㣬ȻҪԸҶðϸһͶԹʣֺֻǰ˵ûҵһллҾˡ
̫̾΢İܵˡΪ˺ӹһȻթѿǻɲͳݣӴԶ߸߷ɣѶΪ˹һУҲˡ˼Ůˣ˲ܷˣҡ
ˣϰЄ꾫̨ǣ󹬶һˣҲںϲδ빬Є˻ô죿֮ӣв̫ӵĵλѾʧȥˣҲȨƺ͵λͳͳʧȥ
˼֣֮㡭ۡ뿪һ꣬۾ʹΣϢҪϢӻй¡
ʱӺйº֣лǹ֮ǰ嶼úõģֻжʮ꣬׳꣬ôһͼתֱ£
ԭ̫ۣ
̫ҡͷĸҶ/տʼֻżз纮һСֻǵҩԽԽԽԽȣ¾ȥˡ֮ǰɹңû֤ݣҲ֪⣬ʱ߶ҵˣϹǽж
йҵ˾ͲڼǽǶԶԻӹǲǹ⣬򲻻иǴߣȻֱ˵ҹעһɱԳά˵£Ǹͺ󣬻ҪǸϽߣҪڽͣұۻûһ˲ҵͰ׷ˣֻ̣ȵ
֪÷ŭˣ΢΢ǴѵΪиˣ˽һС
̫ȴôΪٵ۵ĲңЄջˮջˮЄݻҶ۵ΣΪӹ뿪һ涼ܹһΪ˵Ȥûˣûһͷ
֮λҪҰĺ**ˡضӿ̫ղصġ˵һóűƵǰġ
ҵӵı̫Ҷ᲻øֻҹ˾һ˵ʱҲŻóϸƷ
̫з۾ָּʻţڼ䣬ܸо˱ʣдֵӡ
̫Լ/ĪöģȥһȫͶѵ͵ȥƽ̿ʱڿնһͷõ沿ƽˡ
˲ճɻҽ
̫˻ţûǯջƵֽƬȻûʲôּˣ乳ڳЦ롣
̫˸ղЦݣΪʲôҪôΪʲôҶҲҪٵҶ㣬ȫɱ֮Ȩ㲻ңѵ𣿡
õҲҵ֣ɻٵ̫þȨҵףǾ̫ˣҲƾ֮ˣ̫ƻȨ˳죬ΪƿؿӣǾ¡֪ʹ£ҲܹΪΪġ
̫˵ûΪΪֻҪΪůңȡҡ
̫뷨򵥴ֱֱӡ
Ұĺ**ֹȨѩԽԽ
ϵȨǰ̫ˣҪõã˯Ѿõӡ
̫󻺻ſ˫ۣΪ¡
һ
̫󣺡ңͻƻÿֻһ׷ˣĥŵʲôʱ򣡡
ᵽ磬۽ǳ鶯һ£
̫ǺЦ˾ӣسŵй£и㣬һչ˵ĺܺãʹ㲻Ầġ
ȡңҾͷ˲硣
߽̫ѪڣڵȵһˣջȨζɱᣬܣ˳߲
ǰĪˣҹҪΪҵĴ
Ȼͣ˽Ųߵ̨һյ̨ͭһž֧
̫Цһͷȫң϶Ҫ϶ͷ̨
ý̨ͬŸ̫ӹȥ
̫УȻ̨ûǴͷԽȥӵĴϣʱŻԷһƬͨ죬̹

188 ҿԵ

ͷĹ̫ļ, Ϊд̿ͣæӪ̫
ͷĹ, ڵ̣, Ѱȥ̫˳ȥ
̫ѬÿǺƽ, 泾̣˵Ȼ, ͷˡ
¹æ죬ץ̿ͣ
̫һȹȥûд̿, ǲȥˣ
ûõİ
ӻɽˮɽ, ڻһܳδ빬ֱֵ
ʱδ빬ǰţ˵̫鷿Żˡ
̫ǱСʵۻҪӣʧ, æҪȥδ빬, ߽ȥ˵˲ȥˣѻҷŵġ
һ, , ʲô飿
õ̫ĸҪЮ, Ҫҵг衣
ʲôûй, ΪԼˣӣ˵г裬϶߷ɣôȵס
ŭ¾ƽ˵̫ҿѾã߻ħĿĲݣ־ڱصáݻѣһβ֪̫ʲôֶΣάֹ̫ɢȺ֮Ļ̻һڳ
ҵĹ̰ôɳռˣ
ѸįӸλпԭ˭ãҪȾָã
̫عǿпһھˡ
ٹ̫ˣ׼ҶҪϽȥϣ˵ҵţǻȥ
֪ԼҶˣ̫ҪˣҪö֮䲢һ飬ìڡԲʱΪС
ţճ̨ǵʱ̫ȥƻͲ綼ˡ
һڻصټϵĲӹԺǽʹţһʳڼҹϷأʱ
̨ǡ
̫󣬡գһݴ񡣡
֣ɡ
һɴֲµӻ߽ʱѾҹƹµü۾á
̫ϲʵͨˣ
ӵͷ
̫ժɴʱʧɴء
ãֻһƵӣüƣ۾һ¶񡪡ѹҪɴ
ȥ̫ƵĬĬ¡
˵ãѾӼįҸгǲⲻʲô£ʮû¡òϵˣҲӹãʲô˵ĺйϸֺαǿ
ƫҪǿ̫˵Ǹӣۣܲ˺üޣҪǣǮƵĹλ˸ָ𣬻ᴫΪ̸ǸȨŮˣҪǵˣôͳΪǿ
ִԲֲܺ˺˾޷ƿسˣֻһ˵òǿܵõģòȥвڳ󳼣ѾԹˣʶ࣬˳ϰʧ֮ðúαΪһ˺أҪСʧ󡣡
οþֲܳųˡֻڣշһ취õͷãΣ
̫ţڸһˣųԲšлϵĲ򲻹
ҵĺáȰ׼ҿлһһţ̤ƽø󵽴ҪǺֻҪǸɱ磬ӰͷľӾͻӹͷľӵۭʮǵ⻹פܸ࣬Ƕ֧ӹĴ󽫡
ãۭǾʹ򲻹ټ½ʱǼ󳼣׼ҵֻ̨ڵϦ֮䰡
ļԲȶҲ˯á
̫òˣãģʱáǸ磬ڲһǣʱžˣҪۭܺǿ⡣
˵÷ġʱ죬׼ҿסϱضǽ£ʱȥˣԻ̨ǣԼϯ
̫ͷ˵ҴӦ磬ҪˣǸҲҪӦңҹ׼̤Ű벽ˣӹԶ߸߷ɣǾҲҲǡ
˵ǸТӣ¸ĸܡ
̫俴Ÿ磬æĿ˵ã˼ӣҷĲá
ˣʱ̫󣬡ǸҪҪ
ҪǵòҪȡɴ̫룬°һǿԵģʤްɡ
гɴˣʵƹ£ã̫ʣᵯ𣿡
г˵һЩ
ȫ̫ͬոûˣ죬Ժʲô㶼Ҫ˵
гͷ
һͺˡ
̫չ˫ۣû˵Ǿ䡰Ϊҿ¡гĽ⿪´̫˫ڿգƽһα˱ȥˡ
紵ҡ̫鶯֮ʱס˫۾һ̾ڵõˡ
ͬʱİӣҪ嶯Ҫⲻúõôûһͷ̫ǵʧķˣȺţɥĲ֮£ˣû裬ȻҲǻ
һǱΪ飬Ϊʲôˣɵӹ֮ޣһŭ֮´ѣ
˵ҵȻûô棬ڽǴ򲻹׼ҵģȥҪ̫ҽڿ̨ˣʱΪѵĻá
ǿһӣᣬ˿ߣۿʪҶӣҲŮң֮ܽ衣
ðοĸףû£һͷû̫ţֻҵˣûע̫նģҲô硣ҺӹԼ̸£ļ׼лԹԽ綯Խã쵶ն顣
Ҳͷ׼ҵûǣǷرĿǰһۭܴϽ׼ҽ˶񴯾ÿ쵶ôȫ
ڰҹͻȻ˿ƣһյһյһٶյݣһĻ澰齨ǣȻҲ鲼ǵձӿˣϢʹ˽ݳǡ
ӹڴͶۭĵȴϢ¼һۭ˵ôϢ̸ʧܣʧܣҪˡ
ۭʼӣǴոȥ̽Ӿ:ԹʵʯմžӳݼڳʮӪ
ۭڲʯմ˶ٱ
̽˵Ŷʮ򡣡⼸Թٹ֮ˡ
©ƫҹ꣡
ۭݳǱضʧأǽ̵ϣʧȥݣϼһƽ˳κտأڽˡ
ۭΪѵĿӣҵľסѾܳˣʱ޷Թޣҿ湫ȥܸࡣ
ӹòİΣҲڵйٳ£ʱһʧ֣ԹʯջռɽֽҲпܣʱҪ
Уò׵õپܵڶ֮ˡ
ϴ֮ң¹϶ɣԭܵϱܻҲ䣬ֻһ޼ʵĴ󺣣֮ģ֮ǣֻͶԾ·һ
˵ܸޣû֧֣ûʤ㣬Ϊ֮ƣֻȥΪ⿪֮Χ߾һͬ
ۭʣ˭
ָűһԹȥף벶ȸںʯһ֪׼ڳŭٹɣضڧԳ֮Σݡһ󷽷һ飬Ҿ˵ȥʯգһｵһֻҪʯѹ˱ȥӭ״ܿճ

189 Χκ

ԭԹ, ׵ԹȽ, ͽǰԡʯյԹƽ, 򵥴ֱԡ
ʯպ׶Դ֮ޣԴܾҽǰԺͺԡ
Ȼͨʹ, , ΪʲôʯնԴڧһ, ڹأ
һǵӵԹͶʯյôǶӲһȢӹǸ󳼡
˵ʧ, , 뽨ǣһ˱ϻʵߣԶ߸߷ɡ
Թõ, ϻʵ۲جģʹѣֵܺıϻʵۣԴɰת, һΪϻʵ۸˼, ۲̨ǵĶ, ܱԹ, ڵ֪ٹ, ׼ų켺, ŭæڧʱѵԹʯճ£̤ƽ
ʯ⼸һֱæźԹڳǿ׳ʯռιռʤʯ룬Ҵ򲻹ף򲻹Ĵ
ʯպʹӽսΣû֮ġ
ʯĻ¹ݡרӡ
䵽ˡ顱⻼ѹŶõĵĺ˼ȥԹҼ̸װæΧ
Ӱۭһӿʳ̶ӳˣǰǰԡ
֣㶦ǰԺԺʹ֮й磬಻ͨʹ߾ͶϾǮûй磬ԹǮʹǮһġ
⼸ԭǰԺԸжǺ꣬ԴΪݵʳǮ·ֻǣйĺæ뾳ء
Դݵǰ·;ȻңԶϺ˳ºӵ˳
ڴǰԲͨʹԴȥףҪͨеСͿˣӴ硣
ӽʱµĵѾһˡǺЩΪĸŮŴӽǵգͽԹʹĸס
Ȼô±˹ȥüۼûĳݣóЩĺܺãΪһڲǸˡ
ӣ
ĸף
ĸŮӵԴƣѾûмĸˡ
ݽӴͷţҵŮˣóףҾͷˣôСͻչˣǡ
ݵӵСΪĸҲδףŮó꣬һֱûж
ݰѴĻȥͻȻûǰңҲûһǲʲô飿
ӵͷСʱίͰĸ״ĸ󻹸ߴȻݻ̫˲ܷˣŮȥ׼Һ̸ȫҶڽˣɲɣֻɣȥۭǺʯͻȻŶʮӱٳ£ۭݣûð취ֻףΧκԡΧԾȽ
˵úͲ綼ݽô˵úͲܽ㴦ڲĸŮʱ򣬾ȼҪ
ݵȥס
״ųظ߻Ϊһ֮֮ʴҡתΪֻ˫۾ûб䣬ʱŷɣ
ڽ̫䣬̫Ӻ󣬳ףüëǺɫӣǺ棬ĸǺˣΪǣ֣ι㵨ͦģΪβ񣿡
ЩΡ
ߣ
̫ӿ񱼣ԶˡС˼ҪûмлףǵĿŶӣӦϰˡ
̫Ӻܿƿ˿ſϣһ
״ӣôһˣأС޳˰ɣģļң㰮ססãҪ㣬ҾͰϳȥͷϴ
ӿڣݾ˵˲õΧԾȽ
ЦС£ʲô飿
˵:ݣݲһǮ
ܹǮҵҲν
׹ЦϸҲաȻĸ׶ЦҴӦ͵͸õĽʹһΣ²ΪʵۼҲ
ǸˬԸʯʯգս
Ҫﱸ㽫ݣӵȲҲĸ׹ĸŮ飬õ׵ĳŵԭ·أݡ
Ȼӷ̵ʱ򣬽ϴľѾַ˾޴ıվıѾ˽ǣ
ʱݵһ֮ǰ̫ǰŵһ֤ⲿϡ
ƿؾӵĴ󽫰һ飬ۭǿģָֻۭӣʹŪ֣ҲʱָӲ
Ŀⶢվϡ
վҲ˧ʵۭۭʿҳվǺţ֮ңվΪ˧Ӱۭ
֮ңվӦ˲ٹͣ۷Ϊ꿤ڽǶ԰Ľ
վľӾǰۭľӻڸԶݣĿ궨˿üŵվϣľȥһͲۭˡ
öԸ󳼵İ취ԸվǾԸƿر̨лĹ½ʣͷһ»ְλʵлıȨˡ
ʼʩСʵ۵վǣҪΪ˾ũ
߹ؽһӱũҵվʹĻߣ˧ҲóνĴ˾ũǸְ
վؾˣ˵ǸˣһֱַػΪѪ̿ԣҪȥ̨Ǹ׵ۣһʤεġ
վϵٴվһվȻܾ˵ǰҵ֣˵Ҫұոԭһͳϱԭδƽų̂۵λ볯͢Ҽؽɡ
վĻظʱŭСʵ۵壬վһԴϬ˵Ϊ˳٣ı
վһ֪ҪԶԼˣʱگ˺ķ飬˵׹˵ıСʵɱΣСʵۿ϶Źˣˡ֮ңΣѣҳƽ֮ңΪѪûң±ظˡˣ߹룬׹˹ӲţҪҵľȨҲˣ
վټӣٽ˵ɽͷ͢ξ͢ξɽͷһַɱСʵ۵׹ˣΪ
νˮ¥̨ȵ£ľӾڽǶ԰Ľһҹ֮ȫɽٳ£Ҫˣ
ݳǵָۭӾʯյĽ˵վʵΪңʱΪѣʱֱվݿ϶زסˣվѾǿ϶סڳеûСʵۿ϶Σգ
ۭ/սĿڻ¶֪ϣʱᶨסݵľƣվ֣֮ҿΪʵۣжɽĻᡣزסʯչݣͳûлˡ

190 Ŀ

վˡ
, ڳиһãų켺, ˳˳ˮϰˡҪԭǿĶѡ˳
, ֻǶıȨѣ˾ũĸ߹٣̲סҪıҲ̫ûеˡ
ȥͬķӹ½ʱ, ˼½ʹԹԽȨ, ûô, ôƫƫվͲУ
½ʹ콻Ȩ, Ϊʿ, 弸ٿ˶ڽ½Ǿ֮ҡ֮ҵˣ̫, ӲӲʱ͵ʱȻʰ㡣
վһ˧, ˶ߣûô, ҵıȨ, Ҫҵ, ʱ, ʱ
󳯻, СʵǣľżƵĶӰϡ
̫һֽСʵۣСʵ۴ΪζԸվѾ
͢һƬĬڡ
վѾ壬Ҫɱ鳼׹ˣЧ˱ķǿͷڳǽϣվҪѾˡ
Ȼû˸˵仰⼸ҶлΧסӣ˭ҿڣ
ֱ׿ȥˣƳĬ£лУΪ֮ƣΨзַػصĽǾȼݡ
СʵҲ°ԼΪ֮æʵú˭ȼݺʣ
˵ݵۭؾݵ٩ܸޣؽݵὣǵĻͣǶǱ¿εĴ󽫡
Сʵ˵Ǿ͡
žž
̫Ž档
Сʵ̱ĵĿ־֣˵ˡ
һֽСʵ۴һô
˵:ϣ򲻿ٻر߹ش󽫣ۭۭһ˿أһֱҹʧأһŻûˡصطĴ󽫣Ǹ˾ְȫٻأطܴңٻػ͡
С̣٩ͽὶ֧˾ҵģǶ׼ҷٻأ˵ͻɱң̫˳ȻСʵ۵ɿܣƿسʱ׼ҵ˵ĵط
ܸޣ˶ӹҧ˵߹࣬ӹһƬңΪ˹ϧɷܸ飬褴ƸǵĴϷ
صǣ֪̫ҪǿռӹƾıƢѾͻȴ̨ǣɱ̫󣬿Դ
ɵó
ԣǶǾȼݡ
Ц׹ˣ˱ٳµĵز㻹հǰ˺ηηβټǻľ棬ֻһʹܽ⿪֮Χ𣿻Ĺ٣洫ѧԹΪʲôվѾ⣬ʸ𣿡
Ըɵı£δ̫ԷƱˣлڣʹΧӦϣܴվѾ
ʵްգǱֱٻ٩ὺֶܸ׼вĴ󽫣ðգֻҪͻس
ҰѾһã׷׸ͣСʵ˵ǾͼٻػͣسǳصĴ󽫲뿪
ٽͬı
׼Լ죬Ҳ޿κΣȻ뿪̨ǡ

˵̨Ǵ󳯻Ľ⣬Ը²ѼΧǽӹ̣ʳκοʹõͳͳټˣҪǴϸᵽҪˡ
ûκģԾȵ׼
ñӴۭȴϵվѾۭ**סˣ뿪ݡ
Ǽƻûб仯죬Ϊɲоɵȫ̰֮߱վҰĴˡ
**ƻʣӵİΣǰδеĴδЩ
οӣ㳤ĺÿĴ̫˼һСӵɷŪֵĴɩվ̰֮ļ𣬺޹أ𡣡
ĿűҺӶֹѡ֮ȴûһطԹӣƽôôѣڿʿͻ̰޷еȨ˸ܹסȨջ󣬸ĵӣ˵ȣӲܲٿʼا˾ܲ˾ѣ㣬ɶθӣǰϻʵۣ常أ̫ľǶһ֮ѣȨҪλʿɻ壬Ȼµʿ𣬿ƻ壬˻壬ʿ»塣
꣬һֱѭԶ⼸ȥɱɱȥҺӹ԰ȶգοЩͨأҪôսҪôӮʿΪ»壬Щ޹Զҡ
ˣһȭǽϣףЩ˼Ҿʿŷ֮ԴٶһֱĸԶ̰м޹ֻ˼棬ѰΪϣԻʵۣԲ޾η֮ģֻ˸Ӳͨε·ضǰ׹ǣǶں
һϯֱ治ѻʿһȥˡ
һˣܰݣѵʿ壬Ҳǻ壬Ҳ˾ҵˣ˵ԼԼ
÷ŭʱصذժͦ˵ģûȻĹѪǱ׹⻹װ
˵ˮ಻󼡣ٶʿׯ͢һ̶ˮûʵˮע룬ֻԽԽãԽԽײգ嶼ԷƷ޺ʿƷʿˣѵ嶼ӹҿδأǸûлᵱ٣ǲ߸࣬ôӿ룬ʿŷٳԼΪм޹ලһҾһֻʮǿʿ֧ţ㸲м֧һ֧أûô׵ˣҲõõİ
˼Ƭ̣˵˵ƺе壬ײնģʶֵĶ٣ÿ±īֽⶼҪǮһҪȥһһµĿǸǮ顣
˵٣ûǮǶٶ飬кãƷ޺ʿƷʿ壬ԶΪƷ˭ŬأڵײգҺ⼸ĺؿѧãʦѽ̺Ӷ飬ǻдˣӶõôˣȻᾡһ飬鲻һֻͣŬܻôһġ
̾һһˣǻһġײҪǾҪݻʿŷҹ㣬ʿ廹ǻ壬ϣάԭ״ƲʿŷǵĹλͲƸоǮƣɱ˸ĸǲͬ͵ײιԱǽаնʶ֣ûǰ;ûǰ;˭Ը
˵ҷһ־ͬϵˣȥƷ޺ʿƷʿ˵Ĺأ
Ȼҡͷֵ˵ϸλƿؿԴʿŷεȨʱɺʿһģһˣɱߣվΪһӰ֮ҿʼ֮ңרȨѵ㻹ûп͸
òûб˷ܣһûбΪԸ֮ǰȥһˣһһһΪ֮ŬʿŷļΨˣܻóð
÷ҪʿľĹˡ
̯̯֣ˣʱӦͻΪ׹ǣʲôҲֹʿ壬ʱһ쵽Щķϣһλλסͳɡ
ˬ죬һ϶£
ǺһЦŶӵļͷҵĶĶӣûʧܹұԼ㡣
и˹вĸףǶôˡ
︸Т̸룬ȴһƬȷѪ꣬սվѾڽڰˣˣӰĳӡ󽫾ױսɳ
جĴһ¿ˣ·ʮ꣬ױԣ֮һҪ
֮£Ԯôûأ
ٻأ±ȨΨһָ
̽ˣͱѾɱͷڴˣ
ܵǽһѾõĻϺأԲţĿ

191 δѱ

, ۿ, Ͳܲͬ, Ȼ˾ũ(ũҵ)ҲǲκȨȨ֧ߣ˾ܲƽ, ɱˬ, Ʋκۿϱ̼ң壩
һѣһڶ, µ͵, Ͼ;, ѧԨԴһֱţóѧѧκţһֱûзѧС
֮ң¹϶, һ˾ϵʵۣ׷ʮǰۿϵǷ壬ʶˡ
źüˣͳɽ, ̿ѧϰ̸ѧ, μӸż, ƾɫòͲŻʿȦڣЄĵɷ򣩣ţȰ˸˲Ϊ˴
ͿŻȦɹõ˹λ֮ʱսеľλǴʷĹְȻðհ׳꣬͹Ҳ۷壬ҪһɳĻͣȴվѾɱһǣҫ֮ˡ
汲ͺѪһ͵ȻĿվ˧ϵͷ˫ĿԲ븯õ˲ɫѪһֱ°ͣѪѾɺԡ
ʹʧӣֿΨһԮͳ컸͵ͷ֪ȥҪزסˡ
վǴɱ鳼׹ˣһ
ˣ뷨һ˶ף˵:Ҫˣһɥվ֣֮վļ鳼û㣬ǰȫģԺ͢飬̫Сʵ۶㡣
ȨƱܿյıһ±ƣޣӭȥˣ
ҵ˵ٻܸ٩㶼֪Ѿˣ
ʵ:۶ϣܱ٣˭Ĺʧأ
һ죬飬ϸ˵ˣȥѾҾҪˡһ
Ҫֲȥͷټվһжˡ
԰գʹֶˣװͨˣ·ˣ
׼µĶˣȨƣôʰо֣
΢
Լû£ֻһܹΣס档
񱼶ȥ
˵ֶǸ·Ѿ׷˫ڴϷż
ֶæ֮·żû׼౵һƶĶ֣ʹһмŵνˮˡ
ǳʦùȿˮ졣
һûж֣Ϳʼԭشת׷Ĵֻ׷׼˶ʱ׷Ҫˮε
ֵֻûֶҪҪ׼ּôепء
ֶһ׼䵽һ׷
ͷͶ
Ĺסˣ׼Ҳ侲Ҷƴһս׼ڽսˣѾ
ʱǵĳűѾ忪ϵ׷׷ˣ׷׵תͷϰһȥǣվĳŵһ£˭˭ġ
վ¶ǵۭ꽥±ɾˣٺ»Ȣӣ˼ͥ˸ͻҵԼļңվ˲࣬Ųҵ
ûѾ׷ϣ˻Զˡ
˵ȥˣ׷ɢԹ·ΧסľȫɢһһûסǣæұԴԷֹվѾ١
ˣھлҲܵ˶Ҽѣлҵļٲһǧһ·ϣֹκ˴롣
лԭϻʵģϻʵһлûʹھӹϵǸݵϺˣƽЩл󣬻˼ٸһˡ
׵ոյڣͱˡ
л֮أ˵Ȳ
óƣףм¼
˽ŷУܵң䣬·Ҫʰ̯ӵ˵ˣҪˣûֻߣڲɽҪˡ
û뵽޳ܵز̫Сʵ۶ˣֻԼܡ
˵һڽģǸСʵǸ֮ţȺͷ˺ǽһ£Եȡ
ѳļˡ˲磬ӣһϱһոջ·Ĵӣֶ֮ټ˵Ҫȥ̨Ǿȼݣվͼı죬Իʵ۲ıλЩգҿһȥأҲڵʱһ˵İš
ɣúñˡ
ɾǵ⼸ѾӣҳѾ̵ȥõ³ϮõعӾλҲСк̳Уʼնǳ
̳˸ǰӾľλ⼸ӣֻΣͷ˿ףͷɢûΡ
彣˵׷ģжţѾܴﾪĸ׺͵ܵǡ
źһУһŽ磬ˣҵ飬һزһа˵ȥ졣
統ͰӽˣһҪʲôԣȹʮ˵١
飬ͬһһİˣʱˣ㲻黹꣬ԽദԽϣԷܹһ㣬Լ
һЦ˵ǣʲôûһҲᷭ
ˣţڳ
Ͻȥĸף
ٺӣɫͿĻްһЩüëҲӴˣӹ˸ξҵȻҪȥ̨ǱСʵۡ۵ķϣҲӲܡ
һͱȥ̨ǡ
ͬʱھǵĸԱ٣ԱǴųһȥ̨ǣϣѾɧš
Ը׵дţʵ:׾жٹԱðȥ̨ǣ
Լĺͦĵģʮ֮/š
վѾǣ˽ǣȺ˰ʱǵķˣ
ڽԿʲˣļѶȫȴʻŽ·˶޳У
ų̂ǣҪ١
վ֪̰ǣǿҪ䣬˵ֻ٣ɱˣסǸҹ򶼳ǵĿģƵģɱ˵ģ
ʵôŮأɲŮˣ
վ˵ǾˣˣǮˣʲôŮûУҸ飡˭Ҹ˭
վ˵˹ǵ֪ԷȥǵĲƸԼģʱʿ񣬷׷ĥȭƣվ̨Ƕȥ
һ·ϵĵ̶Ƶ˸⡣
ǮƣȺ˵ϵ·ЬӶŹ
Ůˣһɰ⣬վ˵ɱˣǿռŮĿֻ֮壬ʲôҪ
ȳ棬֮ݲЩŮΪߣֻðѵϵͿϣ߸ɴȥػӣٳһѰѺɫͿȫ沿Ϳ˭˭ˡ
վһĻĻܵ澰ʶ㣬Ҳ𺳵Ŀ࣬ʱ̾Ϣ鲻ôƽʱ̫ôˣһȺûĶ
վԽͷһȤûУĿֻ̨ǡʹеĵط
վܲгϢһЩΪһ·㡪˵ľ㣡һүһǶʲô
ǰǸ÷죬ʮǶܸĳһ¿ӣ
һЦ
վָ̨ǣֵǰ̨Ͱǽģĥˣȥ̨ǣ

192 ͷ

˵̨нͰ, ʿΪ֮, Ѿ̨, ػ̨ǵױѾսɢûѾ, Ͷɢܡ
̨ػ
Һôʱõδ빬, źĹŮ¹ѾӳȥΪóгҲˡ
֪Ѿܣ, ׳Ϊ¼ҹ˵̫, ںСʵۺȥ
Сʵ۲֪ʲô, ֱԡ
Сʵ۾ܾ̫Ҳʡ
̫еĽߣвСʵۣȲȣ
ϴͷ¼, Сʵ۵ֱˣΥĸףֻö豭
üʱϵδ빬ķƳСʵеıӹȥ
豭أСʵһ
̫źӵãɱҡ
ܹȥСʵ, ĿǱ, ˵Ҳɱ㡪ҵ֡
ñСʵ۾, Сʵ۱Ͼǵӵģֲߣĸװɣûеʵ֮ǰǺܺúܺõġ
˻ʵ֮ĸ׾ͱˡ
̫ңͷƴȫȴʧȥһУɷ򡢸硢ˡжӣԼá붼ʧȥˡ
ֵ
̫Сʵ˵ҷ´нĺƽ٣ҵ˽Ķ˾ˣҶԳеסԺĻ׼˲š
ñСʵţ̫ƣڶ֮ǰȼδ빬𺣡
ţСʵۣݸһٺܻû⣬򣬴Ѿ̫ɲŵӣһ֮ҪоϣʱæֻһӣҪʪˣҿô졣
Сʵ۱߿ޱ˵ްɣڿԿޣɲܳˡ
ø̨߽ǵ̫
źȻ󿪣ǵٹܵĶˣвϳĸ¡ȥȨĹ½ʡסʷгŵȵȴ󳼡
ȻְˣдǶӣ̨֪Σգյĳ֮󣬻Ƿ׷жϣ̨̫ɽ𢡣
һϤףۿЩȣΪ뱲ӣһȺԸΪеͬţҽ
Ⱥ˲ǱСʵ۶ģǱԼģΪȺԼܹסվѾȻվ˵Լ
˵ıܣʿԻ岢ģʱûйԱѳȺԸ̨ǣΪܹΣϾһСкͱǿ׳վʿ嵱ȻԸҪױƵСкʵۡʿԸҪ׳˾Եʵһ
ðСʵ۸Сʵϡ
ƨɰεһ˲䣬ڽǸ죬ϻʵ۵ǻͻȻ۶ӣָ˵£һɡ
ʱڲ˵ã˵ǳ̫̫ôܹͳһء
һۣϻʵˣϻʵ۵ĶҲˣȴСʵϺһѡ
˼ţžһ죬̫űѾײ䱦̽ס֣˵վģ鳼Ѿηӳ̨ǣǲȥ׽̫ʲôҪ󳼵棬ɱʵ췴𣿡
һ֮ˣּ̫󳼻㼯һãӵмһΣһϳŴ۵Сʵۡ
סˣ˳ȥϴվ̫ȫǱǽģ涼Ǳʯ
ذ嶼Ž⣬ҿŶǽשһש͹ǿһӣ
վȥ̫һⳡ棬üһȻڰ
վû뵽ˣôְȴڣСʵۣϳҲ佫ػСʵߣΣһΪ̫ģʿûвģµŮŮܸҪҵ
վһȹȥ̫Ҫط
Ľ鱦Ǯⷿʮƥ¶ߣʲôЩ̫صչ޶ˡ
һȫˣվͰ׼Һ칫̨һѻˡ
̨һƬ֮ʱһŰɫТƤ׵СϿһСŮ̫
׷ȥأȥСȣСϿ£ݵ񣡡
ӵ̫طŲС˵Ǽ٣󡪡ֲɱˣ
˵˺öණûߣʶ࣬£˿ߣʶ࣬һ£Сӱˤϲӣǿɲܡ
СѾŭĿӣһˣͬսսܵܣ˫ȭѵУֻˣԣ߲ߡ
Сӣһ죬һߵġ
ڿŸˣСǣϿ֣̫ȥ

סСָ꣬ϵһСʲôң
ȥᣬС˫Ŀһɱ
ӾǱͬʹ˸һȥС겻ˣձڵأסֽţԴҲ˲ڵϲö
Ͽŵôޣ˻ߡ
Сһ͵ܷ͹ҪɱǣȺˣˣ
ûãƽʹľˣǽ⿪걳ϵİҪ򿪣һ֧Űڵ¡
˭غȥһŴ쳯ġ롢˰Ӹţˡ
ã˵ǲϿĿȼݣǿԴߣ˹
ָŵϵİҲǵģǽ˵Ҳą̃Ҳգ̫ǿԶ
ѹڵϵСܸ㣡ҵĿֵʮȥΨУ
һҪҲҪ
˵ǲҪˣ⹦򣬱Ͱ˷ʱ䡣һݴ񡣡
ͳһƮƮĽҶӣһ
ۣ
սҶӷ裬˹˲ٲС꣬׷ȥҶӡ
̾ʮȥǿֵķӹãŶǮ׼ûǮʹĥ
С˻Ͽţȥ
Ͽڳޣ޵ˣСڳԯϣߣлл
ÿŻͷС꣬ͷǰɫТɥ˵ǮΪ֮ûʲôֵƴѾȥˣҪһʱ̡
С˵Ҹס
һ㶣ֻô׼ʹǸ٪ҲôСɡ
С⿪Ҹ׵ͷ
öһĿ˫Ŀɫ븯õӣòǱѾɱԮ졢˴֮һĻ͡
ã㸸ףǡĳӻ£

193 Уɱ

ۿϼʿǿ, ׸ܲٻͷ, ܲٵõ죬һٵ˴˾ũ·ɱ˾ܲ䣬κ𣬻̼ң壬һѣʮ, ŲŻȦɹ, Ϊ˴ƽ֮ҷΪһԱ۷ʱȴѾͷ
䣬¶ĸۿʧȥع鶥ʿеĻᡣ
ӻֻʮ, ˲ȱʬָϵ߸׵ͷ, ոȫʬᡣ
Ѿ٣Ỹ͵ͷ´߸׵ͷ, ɱ׵, κһһ, ƭΧȦնס
±Ÿ׵ͷ嵽̨ǣȥѰɱ˱ȴо˱ѾɢϿ
赭дĽЩѣһᶼûУЩʹǱˡ
üݳ̫ѻºϿͽȥˣ»ٳȥֹҪʲô
µɱλнɱҸ׵׶Ѿֻǲɱҡ
˵ôѾ֪οǵɥȪǼ峤ӣйĸ͵ܵҪչˣҪ³ç£һҷģɸ𡣡
ĵԳǲӦ˵ûټ֣̫ڹԱһ
һƬң̫Ψһıܷۡ
СʵϣĻʵʮȶˡ
ʵһô죿
վѾ˳̫󳼶ûӴ󣬶ָ
Сʵ۷ߣľĴȣȵվѾ̨ǰɣǳԱˣǲŻߵġ
ֱɱ֮𣬸Ĵ֮Դŭ˵ѵԴʲô
Ƣã˼ƽϣͷǵģʱʲôʲôˡԲӦ䣬Ǵ򲻹ѾֻܵľӣոӳȥټҪʱ䣬ۭػݣͺʯսһʱҲϲܹýǮѾܲˡ
±Ÿ׵ͷ­λһȵڣˡ
ˣ
ţðŴ򿪣վˣϵСʵһݣҵֵѾѶϣԲҪһЩ֣ѲƱߣϳͲȥˣһЩԱæÿ˶һܰꡣ
ȺҴδ˺޳֮ˣ
Ⱥƿڴ
д
˹ģ
վһҪҪѾסλˣҲֹɱˣ˶ֻͶɱǲʹɱŮˣҪͼЩʲôǮƶʹõĻҲƲסǣǾ͵ǰɣ
ȺҪһ̧֣ˣʮµĹԱһˣһסǵĹͣԺ󡭡ÿ˹һƷ
վǿᣬĳŵԱֻҪΣ𵱰˹
ǰδ£
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Աũҹп಻΢ͣЪһЪͱѾƤ޳ͬū
ᵽ̨Ǿ񱻺ˮϴˢƵģɸɾ
̫ٹֶҪȥˡ
վˣʣʲôʱ˱ˣڽǼʹڵߣҲҲġ
վǺЦͷλŲһطŻʵȥʯͷǣֵܻҪ̫ĺö
̫ҲŹ
һһҹˮδȺûˣֻ뿪ط
ʯͷĽܭǣǸƵСǳأªֲڣǱ̨ҪһЩҲиԷ˯ĵطʺϴ־ս
ŻʵţŰٹٰᵽʯͷȥ
СʵۿסѾ˯˵վռ̨ǣ²Ϊ˲Ʊ̫ͼı
ü̫࣬ƸٺƸҲ㲻ˣʵռĿꡣ
з۾˯һһڴ򲻹˼ңֲ˺Ψһľͱסȴӹȥǰ׽ԣʯձȰʦسۭܿճȼ
ǵñʾ̬ȣվΪǺ޷֮ģϾҪʵۣȻλȻҪʿ̧ӣЩֲʶôܵңˣģʿ壬ˮĻʵۡ
ھָӰȱˡ
ñĿӦõ˺δ䣬ûܺͷ۲ûУ
ôôѣ˲ҪŲϰȱ
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۳úͽСʱһģһĪ磬ѩɰֿڳܿͱٹϲ»ŮŮǵŮӢۣСһͲˡ
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۵лЦų¡
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ס۵С죬˵ԡ
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վ˱׹˻ļ鳼̫ϣ
ʵ۵ĸоð
վֵһʾܣ˻ؽһۣЩǮˣڣվҰˣ㵱طۣ뵱ʵۡ
ʵۣҪʿǵ֧֡
վ²Ҫʿķ٣ÿʯͷʳ۱ϥ϶Ūˣÿһ¶ҪǰСǷбҪͱվ
վ̫˹˴ȫ⣬ȫԻͺʿĹϵ
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ʿǻǿţڴյ
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194 Խ׳һ

Ϊʲôûֻ, ڶʱھټһ֧Ժվսӣ
Ϊ쵽λ, Բֻǿ̫ȹϵ
ںܾúܾǰҲһ洿࣬òڣŻĺ꣬ʱڻܵ鶼ڣܹô緭̡
˵ӳ֮Ͷż̨ǡȥݵʷĹὡ
ὺúõߴ󳼱򷢳ȥеȻŻ
⻹㣬վѾ򽨿ʱ, ҪԮ, ȴѹ˻ȥ
ύؽǶȨСʵ۵壬ڽݰǿ˵²׳һҲ
ɶ˼׳ǽݱһС֣˼˵ͺúڽݴŰɣ׼Խ׳طܵ, ı
ö֮仰ҲΪһ, Խ׳һ
ܹô죿ֻƾվ򽨿ǡ
ԣ὾Ԯʱ, ὺ޲ðһ, ׹ˣѵͷ, ̰㻹׼ҴȼݣǴˣ
޵ҴˣĴˡҺڲ֮ӣǰɱˣҲı䲻վռ콨ǣЮֻʵ۵ʵΪ֮ƣֻܷԹޣŽһģ
ί̵㲻˵׼Խ׳һ𣿡
æ˵ǰĶˣ㾡ܴԽ׳ء
˵ͬǹ󳼣ȵй£Ҫ˹ͬϣһ춼Щʲô̫ȨżǸ߸󳼣ֻʣȨƵıס㲻Ҫ߲Ҫߡ壬ɽŪ֮ϣĻһ䶼ţһҴԽ׳أ뿪֮صȻɱңӹܾô죿
ὶɣÿҪûˡ
޵ҴӴ˸ĹˣһλᡣʱǺˣϲĲÿڶĴþ⣬·ˣվڴͷҴҡÿζ㻹ǮؼңжٴΣ
ήûһҲʮΡ
ʵҺӣʱǳƤ˶ǮϲˣиѾӵùôŮһ˼ҰŮˡ
óķǳƯĸŮʱסὼ὾Ͷ˴ģԹù˵Ұҵ˺˼ңŵڹְòƷܺá
ùæʣ˭
ήʯױ̨Ƹ񣬡ҡȢá
»ҹϰһ棬ûʲôͷ֮˵ÿӣűὣЦȻ㡣
˭ûء
ʣҸ㻹ôծҪ㻹
˵ûСöĵ˸治סǮ
˵ˣȻԲ㣬ҲжõʱͿǰϣһ
һĻĻӿͷ὾ôԭˡ
˵ֻһˣҪȷʤطۭںԹָ̣ˣֻܸܰޣ٩һ
һüͷ٩ֻϪͣ͵ſЦأҲǵǺ
ԭʿ壬٩ǽˣԭ˰ѽΪϪ
˱ӣйʱֻԭʿ壬٩Ȼǹ󳼡
Ը˵ʱͲҪƽ˽˶Թˣ٩ǿվ֮ңĶհҲҾɱԹѾοǾݡӺݡݺĸݵĴ󶼶ƾΪλ֮ϣ٩Ըġ
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٩΢ΪϪƽʱǸ߸ϣƲ˵ӣţ٩Щţȥ
٩ὴʦһ٩һף˴񣬿ڳˡ
ո߰׹˳Լϥ٩д飬٩λԼȴĩʹ٩
ֲЦˣ٩
٩ڼ󣬹ָֺŰһ̳²˵ȥ˵²˸һˣѸٳ¾²ˣȽϽԼ
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ǣǻۺͷ˵ὺ٩ӣŽܸҲ̵ǡ
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ֵܶޣɢӻؽǡ
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ҲѹվỳǣվǸŮˣӣŮض򲻹ǹʲô
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·ʱúøд
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195 

ǴĴ, һԾŶȻûйְǴ˵Ļ, ·Ϳš
ʿ嵱ʱ, ʿȻʵ۵Ļá
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һ, Ժ, ʵҪʲô
Ȧף˵վ, زסǣ֮ʱһɱǺͻʵйߡվǱذˣ²˳, һҪӳǡλټɲ, , ֻҪͶ, ܼ̣ӹٽɹǶǾȼݵĹ
·ͿõĳŵһǶ裬ټɲѡ
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ǱӰΧͶ͢һĲƸˣʲôûˡ
񶼺ʵʲôļڣ˭ԣ͸˭
·Ϳļƻ˳У׼һᴳʯͷǣѻʵۺȸ߹ȫߡ
ҹ·ͿѽļͶ͵͵˽
껸׵Ļ͵Դ߽Σ
ÿҹȱ£ںδ᲻Ҳͷ۲ûУ᲻Σգ
÷ģζҹһӳ˳ֻĻϤǽӸλ֮Ϥκźƽӵ٣ʿŷһһ̶ˮУʿ帲𣬷ܳξð
ͬʱݳǡ
**ӷ͹ʧأۭԴӶţθ֮ǿԾء
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ˣ
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𴲣Ȼ䣬ӵͷоˣܵͺĴ̼ϺƤůñüëסˣһ޲ֻ֣¶۾
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£һһ߿ҹյһȱ£ż̸ΧκԵϢ
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վҲѧǰĶ鿪ʼװ
þ͵أϣվɿ쿿˫־ì
ʱھʹЩҲһֱûлķϣź۲վĽ࣬ͽһֱгìһ˹ȥ
һì͸վţվ׹ĳìȥվ⬣
վһѾûĹǣ׷ɢ
³̨Ѱɱˣ˺ΣٵͿսˣ˵һ棬ɴѺ̧峯⣬֮壬ż
жһŰΪ壬Ҳźҧסɱ˲š
ûмˣȴһֱ֧Ԯʸ
գŰ嶼˼ʸӵտҲļ˫֣˵Ͷ
ӵŰ壬ὣ߹ȥ㻹ǵû𣿡
һ˺εͷնɱ֮𣬲졣

196 Ƹ

ɱ˺, ҵڶɱ˽
Ǹĳܴ򣬼վ, ɽ, ҲҾ֮ˣǸɴ¾Ͷ
٩Ϊ˾ս, Ӧɱǽ˽Ͷ
źεͷȥҽѰ𣬱٩ס, Ͷɱκ˶ÿ
׻ǰòλ, Ǿλ٩֮ϣǻһǵ˾ũĺ, ΪŹ, ٩ǽţΪϪ
ɱ֮𣬲, ²ŲܽǷͶ٩Ϫȥ٩, , Ҹ, Ǿ֮, ׳ʱȴͺƣնףͷ裬ʬ׷룬ұѪ𣬲μӣɱ˺Σʣ½Ըͽƽۡ
٩룬ǸĳôܴĹ㡣
٩˵:ĪҪ嶯ͶɱǾȻҪؾܿ
һѪ˵ҸΪ˴׳־δ꣬й¶ĸ˵ѪһĲģ˽ڶλᣬ˭ָҸ׵ڶλأ
٩²ã˵Ǿ㲻Ҫ˽˴֡վȻǿս²ƽϢĴն⣬ѾվѾˣߵľյͶİ취Ѿ֪ɱ˽ô˭ͶҲֻ˽ΪҪͳȫ֡
ٱ磬٩˵һ£Ա㡣
٩±ȳʡ
һĻÿ˼ǮҪ͵͵β滸£⼸춼Щʲô
һ:
ȥ˽Ҹתơ
ҹϰ׵ɥ£ȥˡ
ڶɥ򡣿ҪȥҰݼ
ĵ⺢Ҫˡ
˵´ɥȼƷſڣֱӵڱ͵汧ϴ򣴨ϣ£ǰݡ񽭼ǳ͢Ա˵ǰıһʹҲѰģֻǼһλѣҲ飬ҽȥɣ
ˣٴУ⼸컸һֱŽңˣúĲңҹ£˼գȻˣ
ˣ»Űݼֱҫģֲûؾӷ׷ò»ͻȻȡԱ
ãȡؾ㣬ӽǰ˿ĺܽͻȻóһУԼһɥ̺һƬΪʲôԼԼͷԡ
Ŷˣԩԩ౨ʱˣ˵֮˽⼸ڽͷǻüҪɱ㸸ףΪ𣬼ζסˣûж֣ΥԹТȫ׶ԴĹزҡ
˵ˣĺǰݣҺͽҶԹӴ˽⣬ȴҷȴɱģҲвضдң
ʱ׻³ǳϷñ͵棬ʸڷϣҲǣûУ㡪
´ŰγУ˽ɵĲӣʱѪӿɵ
ǳ׷ӳá
ɺͽɼɵˣæȡڹײµıһɱ¡
¾ǵȴʱһ߷˽ɣ־һ̣ࡣ
ɼ״Ⱦܣȳ׷ȥҲһ
½ȫҶ˻Ȫ
ɱˣ
һƬңûܣڽϴţһֱ٩˽ߡ
٩ֱըˣ㲻Ѿ£Ҳ
˵ֵȶ֣Ϳ֤
٩ŭ㻹Ʊ磡ЩͶ˵ʱͽɵһ𣬲֪֮䷢ʲôһжԼ˵ġһոǿôױɴš
˵Ҳȡ
٩ˣҹűߵ·࣬ЩڶСﻹġһж㸴ı
ٱ磬ˡ
ͺǰѣʱ͸ɴήΪӵ֣ȡ¡
һ٩˵˵ˡ
Ȼ˵ѾˣѾͷ˵ɱ˻£ȴ·ɱ˳嶯޸׹̣ܽ´£ҺΣЩҪڣѵҪ³ôο̨ǻϿ֣ͲŹӡͲκͽ֣֮ҹ¶ĸָ֧ͥ顣
λ֮һ٩ܲӣοбɱٷ£º˾ġ
٩˵ѾΪˣؼТ꣬ú÷ʡԼĹ㸸ǰ񣬲ɱ֮ˣн˴㲻㸸׵
ŵŵǡ
һУö뷨һ¸ңϸǸ֮š
վ֮ң̨ǻս𣬽һƶϴοƲӵĴ죬տҲ޿κΣɸΪ֮۳ҪּģæӸʳַղŲڶ
ǰǵͼȻڽ·ѾˣһжҪ¿ʼǮʳأ
ԣûϾʳƣҪԼ˷ѣӶ˷ʳʮĻȫȥ޵׶ˡ
ҹÿ˱ԼǷܹŵա
ˣŶһݣܣæ
̾㣬Ҹ˽ôԷ⣬Ҵæ
˵ֵıǮǸ׸ҵģҸ֮䣬ǮϵС£л׶ȫȫ⣬ҶԸҲˡ
úãֲǰǣҪǰΣʱֻƥֲ͵Ըߵ֣ɫסοַҲΪ˸׽ȼü֮
̰Ŀãһջôöӡ㡣
˱׸ǣæʣҪȥ
Ц׺ѾףӹɷˣҵȻҪԼļҡ
͵뵽ӹʵŮҲļˣ̽ʵ͹ꡭǲ⣿
֪ʲôɫһ䣬ЦݣԡǴ˼
ЩΣ˵Ҳǹ㡭͹꣬ϥȿգ˵ǻĶָܳΪ飬һһŮΪޣкӣΪֵܡܳˣǻûܳһֱȥ
˵ֻײҪ˵һҪһ𰸣⡣
ţأһǹվʲô⣬ӹ϶ӳ⣬ʱǴ죬ˮ̫
ѻ˵꣬þͶſ˵ĸˡ
Ͻ죬Ǳվûɱܹ˺
һᣬ޶ͷһſӰӶûУĸأ
õ£ҾͰѸ׵ԭĸס
ΪӣҲøױ죬ĸ׿ԡ

197 

òв죬ʵ˵, ӱκ˶κӵĵ, ÷, Ů¶ʱھʱʱδΪ޵ӣǿ֮кˮɵ, »֮ʱ, ǻ뺢΢һЩҲ, ǻЩʱ䡣
úӶżܳ, ӿʼ, ֮ʱ, ۺҩ֪ʲô϶ɵ·ֽ, ˮײͷȵȣʧ䱻ߵС˷޼, ƭŮ, ͷ۲ʱ˿Ĳݰҩ, þߺſ
Ǿ̫ĥ, һֱ, ӵͷ񶼲һ纮鲻ʲôë鲻ëͲ֪ôƣõиУ˼̫أһֱ˵ԵУúӣޣճɾЯְͷźֻСܳҪҸˡ
һϬǳǰʱоȤ˵ʲôʱܳϱ˵꣬Ҳˣøѹ
ĵѣమӣþкǽûкӹҲҸ
Ȼס¦Ժû˯ûؼҡ
Щ˯˵æġ
˵:˵ҽ˺ЩŮӣС꣬ʹʮ꣬ǵĸĸˣǱ˻·⣬ʮŮˣֻʮǮݽ氡
ǿϴ˯¸Ь˾ţֲ𡣡
Ь£⣬һֻ߱ңȱĶŮԣ۶䡣ұǮǣЩŮǮż˻ȥҪٱˣתһ룬Ǯȥ˰˳ֻǣˡԸǮǴ¦Ȱ
˫㣬һƬС¯ϵͭˮ˵ǶԵģǴ󲿷ֻᱻڶΡ
̾:ѽͬѣŮԶҪࡣ㿴Щվۭµһ׳Ƕ֮ҵҴߣ·ߵİ׹Ǵ඼Ůˣûܻ׻ڽĽΪܹϰӣվ֮ң٣Ӷ£ɢҪɽ𣬾ҪŮ˵ǮкڽӴ
ÿͷʳѷţǲԵģ㣬ҪŮˣҿʵζһӣЩŮӾ֮ܵ࣬ѵʱ򡣡
ȤѾˣһף£ʣʲôӣ
˵˶ҪԷģڳЩŮ˱Ͻ֣Ůӿ̣¹ڲǷŵǹˣᱻϷŶӵĶǼˣҶԲԣŮ˿رãǳзģ˵ۻһʡһݿ
𣬸ĸӣһ죬Ůһ죬ˣ˫ŮˡĻһԼٶ鳤ȣŶ˵Ľǣ˫նŮˣҶһʹ·©Ҳ߳ܣᱻɧţҪЩŮ˿ͨŶӵķʽΪһʳǾмֵŮˣô˫죬˾ҪŮ˲ֵǮ򲻳߼ۣڼͨŶʳˣܼһЩŮ޵ײҾ磬Ůл·
ˣéٿߣ˵еҾͰ˵ȥôû뵽أ
üϿΪŮˣЩʹֻ࣬Ů˲ŶŮ˱˵λͣˣΪŮǮλĻ̫ˣֻ˹ǮȨ˭Ů˵ģʹҲˣ˭ǮԴ˭еλʵĵΪʲô۵٣ڳеŶܼܹ⣬ϵλ̳Уµιյͣԣ˭ܹأ
ָԼıӣķҡ
ӴЦԽôߣȥ
ҹֻҪ֮£ٳҹҲ̫õӡ
գȦЩڵеŮ˫ȡ¹һ˿ڵļˣŮһлΪﴴֵͻԼٱı硣
µʮŮˣ¹䲼֮󣬼еļ˹ΪŮҪŮؼҡ
ЩŮˣԸߣͳȥԸģ¡
ʮ߸Ůؼҡ
ǸƢЩ˻ҪŻؼҵŮˣʱıңˣҺ޶ŻؼңֱΣûøô֪ʲôǷŭô
̾СǸѧţĸҫ鹣úϰ䣬ܹȼ塣ұά滹˾ҵĻλϱҪľһЩŮ˴Сĵ£峣δ޴Ӹ޴ӷ򣬷ӣҪ͡ҪԿϡΪ٣ʱˣǾ˵ū֮֮ȥǣһȺһ÷ŭǾΪһº
ཹͷʲôʱŮ˺˿Բõūأ
ָŲԶһʩʳĵط˫գŶӵĶŮˣȵŮܹĳ׬ǮңԼ׬ǮΨһֶΣǮǵ
˵겻ˣǰɲῼôࡣ֪Ժ֣ιá
ĵӴ㿴ˡ
˵Һǰޱ˼ֻй̸˵أ绨ѩ£ѧ̸ӣ֪Լǳ֪֪伲ࡣǵѧãѽĵӶʶ֣֮кôһŮǽ㵥ﴳ˵Ĺ¡
ȵȡϵһǧˣˣţˡ
ӱȻţǵ˼𣬹նһ˵֪㴳ǧ紳ԽԽ׼סȥҶὲĹ£ǴǰԺͺԶΡҺȶˣ㴳ʮȻšĹ»Ůѧϰ䣬һ˸أ
汻˵ˣʮ󣬱һľŮճ
Ϳʮļҵףȶ˽ǡ
սҺĽĿ̨꣬Ƕûˣ˸ʼұԺƽ԰ʱ͢ȺɴǣǨ
٩Ǩ꾭Ӫٹ̣ҪǨԥ¿Ҳͬԭ
ֻԭزػ̨ǡ
˵ʱڣȨ˵ȨĶﶨ۶ڷֻʵٷ֮ҲһƬλѵǹʶٶʮôķūٳɽ
Ȼ٩رǳ͢Ա󲿷ֶ¹϶ɵԭˣ
ڲŲźˣЩ˵ġ
ۭһվ˵顣
ۭбԺ٩὿⣬ڹԱ׷׳Ըͣʾڽǡ
٩жͷӣһһ䣬ȴĻ
һֱβ͵׹СʵۣϾأ
׹˲ҿСʵˡ
ûĸվ֮ҵĥ£СʵԳжϣ˵޵ĸף޵游ڽ޲뿪Ǩ֮£ݵˡ

198 ˮϬ

Сʵͬ٩Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
Ѷ, վ˵վ֮, ̨ǵ˾ũ, ̫Ծ󳼱׸˽ս̨Ǳ, Ϊ, Ͻ, ﳼһ
Ϊվ֮ңԴʱñ˵, վ, ԼԼ, ñ޴ɴ
ʵҲһ޶ϵİϷ
˻һȺȻ, ׷Ȱ
վҰģз֮, ᷴ, 𡣡
ʱڵĺһᣬ˵߸, Ѿս, ˾kԸʶͶվն, ֻʣˣ̫**ѳϻС̨ǻΪҽŻָˣ˭ϰƬָԭ״
ὺ֮ǰż̨ǣϵطʷдҪԽ׳һԹ£һδΰ
ļıʱ򲻿Ե̱飬ԭ϶̫ұõɫȻһͳǺҸҶòƵ͵̫ȥˣҲУѵܺúýѵô
ؿӲƽϣ漰ãôˡ
̾׹˵ĳױҲվ֮ңӢս׼ΪѪô׹ҲȥءҲʧȥӣ֪ʹ࣬ţ˻Ҫʵģ⣬Ųſԡ
仰ˮƽˣԼʵµƷ񣬻ܰĵеվ֮ҵΡ
һ֮׬֪ܸĵĺ
ûţ
һ޲˺죡ķʽ˺Ľڡ
û취ֻһ˵˵Ķԣﳼû֮ǰﳼﳼ£ҪܳͷϿˡﳼǻӣﳼȥйְȫҹɽ֣ƾ΢ˣ֪ȫƷĵ
ТСʵ۵ȻҪ˾ˡ׾˾ˣʵۻ²ʵϾսѳ̫**ѳǡҡ
Ϊ˱Լĳ⣬СʵۺȺǣʹżˡ
٩£Ը̣α
飡̫ôˣ
Сʵۺɫ֪٩׹ˣæĺ὿սȥͷ׼ҵĴֻ
˵ʱöģվڶĴϴҡÿ㶼ǮһֱҲһΣӡװԣˣ̫飬̲
ץὣȴƾҪͶأҴˣýˮϴҵɡ
ʵ̫ˡ
ήĸ첲סҪҲҪȥι㡣
ύðɣҼ
Ǹˣֻϳݣ˵˵Ȱͷָӽʿᴬ棬Ѵؽ
ĥ㣬ӦܹƽϢ䳯õŭʿɶֹСʵۣ˵ûڽǴˣȥط٣ΪЧΪԼ
δϣСʵ۲רдگлá޳ϻ̳Ͽֵľǫۡ
֪ʵǾǳ辴Сʵг⣬ӣСʵΪѲףȥʱС͢СʵۣСʵ۾Ȼſӭ
ᣬæ°ݣСʵ۲׼ݡ
Сʵĳϣ֮ģ˵˱Ͼдùȥԥݵȥ滸͵λðɡ
ͱѾͷӻ¸ոɱ˳˺κͽΪ𡣻³Ϯ˸׵ľλְһֱȱպȥ
ϣʹ˵̨Сʵ۵ķϣǵݸһӣ̨
Сʵ˵޻һֱסĶ¡СʵҲѰ
١ȥԥݡ
һߣ󳼣ֻʣĸˡ½ؼɨĹһȥ½ʻأˡ
ֻʣˣὣۭ٩Ȼ󣬵ǹ󳼣Ҳܺ˲硣
Ҫһ࣬Ҳֻ֮
ԶԥݵȻϣήడдҪһͦὡ
ֻʮ꣬ᣬм飬Ҳ볢ζҲԼʿҲ֧ûʤ㣬ǻֻм̵ĸ֣ƾ
ۭ֪֮ļƽۭϲʸο佫˧ѱΪӣվ֮ңʧض𣬳Ұ¶Խʱ̾裬ۭȥؾڣ˳֮õòһ
ˣͲ飬죬ŪСӹͦվ֮ңǻһһָĴشʹּСʵСС;Ҫհǰ˺ңĶɽ𣬵Ĵγࡣ
ΪԼȡһ¡ʱĹٳҪҪˣԲܴơһɵĽ족ֻᱻ˳Цġ
α뵱Ըأ
𰸾ǡ
گ飬˵վ֮ѾƽϢҪؼˡ
СʵŻˣڳ͢ة֮ӡ͸
װģƴ˼ˣˡ
ɽ𣬵Ĵε࣬ƴˡ
ֲ⡣
ҲֻǺܶݵĻѡ
὾üȻܵ࣬ھҲû˼һɽݶ󳼣пܱɵὸɴǣȥص
װģ˼ΣͬˣСʵ͸һЩιտգ۴̶üĺܣСʵ۵ľȣó˽˻ʵ۵˽⡣
Сʵ۾߳ܣûзӣġתִ͸ὡ
ǸˣСʵ۵Ѵͽ󲿷Ҫȥ޻Ϊ̨ǣֻ˼Ϭǡ
ԼҵĶշתͻڰڴĶ͵ҿڴˣЦáɴ˶ή̬ȴΪĹۣȻѣΪ˱öˣǸ߷ڵľӡ
˭ϵʱγĴԼ䵱ȥҡĶͽȻ˹أ
ȥ;ţʱˡپ޴ʯ䣬زԳˡȺľ㣬Ī⾫״澰ʱֵҹһԳڼаɽ߻صţֻ黭ܼλ֮ء
͹ˮ˵ˮһħֵ磬羰ͱ𴦲һ
ὺ棬ʵôܿˮµ磿
ˮ˵ȼյϬţͿԿˮħ
ϸպżСʵ͵ϬǣóȼԼСȼյϬҹɫºĽˮ
ɽԳĹʾϬ֮£кҰΥģ߷ʹκϬƷС˵ݲͬϬƷٱģ£ллˮ֮еƻͨ纣¥ûս֮ǰĽǡ
̨ͤ¥нˮ֣ħŮȵȴڼ䣬ǻ裬߳ţ˼ࡣ
Ϭ꣬һжʧˡ
̾Ϊֹһм¼дŸ˯ʱμˮˣ˵Һб𣬻ţΪʲôҪϬأȻ㿴ǵ磬ǾҪˣ͸¶ȥиɧǡ
˵꣬ὣήȻֽ߰Ųʹ˿
὾ˣˣȴҲ죬ڶ˶ϴˮʱŷзˣϽȥҴ
ήȻϾþĹοĻţҪĻдŸҿҪۣһӣֻδ޵Ů֮չҵŮΪѰһ˼Ҽˡ
άʮꡣ
جĴԥߺţԽʵķ£˼̳޲ֹ
֮ȥɥ£ѹ¶Ůӵߺ¼ŮŮһչˡ
ʣµϬǣʱ֮Ϭսˮ
Ź񣬿úõģֻʮ꣬ԼСôܾͻȻзأ
ǲϬ⣿
ȥϬǵתת鵽Ϭ
ˣʱŭҾ֪Ĺɵὣҵ֧֣֮λὣϬ¶
ʵһֱ᳹ԺΪ󡱵Ĵԭ򣬸ôгԹ棬϶ɱή֣һŪ
ὣҪ̴˴
ÿЦ⣬壬ὴͲĶ֡
פؾڵۭˣʱͷۣôû갡
ۭǾùˣϻʵۣ֮ңվ֮ңһδεڧ޾㷽ҵǳܺԶϰգѪĶЩģһδαϽȥս
ۭ£ʱҪңԴˣʧȥȨҲûκһ佫ˣ˭ǯɱأ
ۭΪǣȥͥԺɢֵĳŮۭvͤͤŮĿǰѾвʿ̽Ŀڷ磬Ҫۭҽס
Ůۭvۭ˷ӣҰŮ޵ϣҸϵ˵Ů
ۭҺһͲҶ֡
ۭö⣬ҪĻȥǣĴ¡
Ļȥңۭŵϣϲ֣˯ͷˣڳʹأۭæˡ
˵лۭΣˣѼδĶټƾѡ
Ҫֳ⣬ȥѰˣӣӣͬľڼֶ֮ûн顣
˵ۭҪŮæٹ磬ԼױƸǣͿ֬Ĩۣ˧ޱȡ
ӣūūūأȻҲʰ
δһãվɣ棬Ψ֮һȥȾˣ¹ڲͷɢǿм͹ѡ㡱ΪԸˣֻҪδ͵
֮룬Ǹ¶ûκ̣ôܱۭѡΪŮûϷɴŷҺˣҲϴͷҲᣬЬӶû½󳨣¶˶ƤҡҡλߵĴߣˡ
֮˶رպðӣźдˣ֮ŵ㣬űڶƤҲùܡ
ۭĻŽˣæǰֻ֮ڶϳԺ
ĻŻصڣۭϸ˵ѡ飬ϵĵĿ֮ȻǺõģҲȢСĳ⣬ҹȥһֲգΨһ꣬һֱ̹ԣµĳԺһ仰û˵
ۭʱԶԱȤܺãɹҵע⡣


199 

ۭʣڲͬ˭
ĻЩź, ֶ, ֮, ϶ɵʱĸ˫Ϊ¶ʺ, , ׶һտ, ʱҲ, ׶һԴ
ۭдţʾ֮
ۭΪοֶ֮˵Щ, ѵۭں
ʵۭ֪֮пڳԵ, ΪĻʱ, ̻֮¶ںϳԱû˵һ仰
Ϊôۭܶ˵ֶȱأ¶, ȻۭУ䳤Ů, Ϊ֮ˡ
ҪƸ֮ȥס
ϵ¸ڱ֮ͷ, ܳΪֻ߸ͷ, һ¶ôܱۭУۭƫƫˡ
ǰ, ֶֻ, ˵
֮㷲, Լһ¶пڳԵȱݣ䲻ۭҴС㣬ȥ¦ԺǱúӣˣЦԵ֣żɣ㲻ԱƽĶԴɣ˵д֣ͻĳۭҲϲ鷨֮ˣۭvҲϲҰһС͸棬ۭv͸ҵġ
ʵСΪʲô
ðѻⲻص㣬Ҫ֮ȥףۭɽ֮Ͳóˡ
֮пڳԵëעڹٳֻܻɢְλҪɽ
ӰԼĺöӣҪ֮ȥƸ񣬡ۭҵĹѣЩ֧ģ׾Ͷһʤ㡣
úӣһͷһʹ֮жѣ¼ţ͵֮˵
¸׻ɥº󣬾һֱãΪ֣æʳŵˣյļڣµʳգʱʳΣ¾ͱǰһЩˡ
֮Ƹ֮Ул˵£λѣߣȥҼңҽ׼˺þƣΪ֮׳
лоҶھӵлӵܣ򳤵ó赸鷨̸ܣŻ磬أ֮һʱķɣлĻе֮ʶ
лңлдȤЩӳ֮лѾˣ˵Ůûʲôµģһ㣬Ҫִ١
Ϊ˸֮׳лиɴɢͷ˸ʮִ٣ӵȹŮˣڴ̨ϣŽţãſָʫߵ߳
£Ҹ죬ʶưС
֮ͻ¶ʮĵŮ˻޹л̽ŵãʱһ졣
лкɸֵָ꣬ǡҶŮˣǲǶҪ޴룿ûʶҴػӵĻҼ¥
л͵»Тڣ̸Ŀ˵ˣһǺ٣֮һȥףӦԲ֮¾ͽҡ
֮ͷһůÿνżͽͣллллл֡
û¶̿Цˣ֮˵ло͡ϧһТڣܳײϲ£Ͳһȥˡ
лòڲ˵ãʱϧţСᣨֵ֣ÿش󳡺ϣҪлȥĻȥӦ꣬óż硣
лг֮һŶ裬˾ٱлзԣûװʹŮװͺѺȾƣ֮ͻºˣ˯лҡ
֮˸ΣμһˣִһǵĽ̴ɡ
μһµڴ̨ϣŽŵãͷóһֱڴ̨µĵذϡ
л֡
˻ͷȴле
֮ξǴ룬ϰ߳䣬Ҳ׼ʱὣȥͥԺл轣ʱ̬֮
䣬ŮװŮ˻޵ѹԬ˵ôϣиãǼ޸㣬ò˲ţöŮӢһ򡣡
ԬֻãԬŮʣֽŮʣ޸ƣԬŮ޸лУΪл̫ˣԬ̾еãͺͶһ޸лС
лˬһЦɷԱΪ־ɵŮɫһӡ
лм׶ӻҪУĻᣬϤĿȾ֮£лҲ֮־ڴΪЧ
леļ룬֮ŵﾩڣ˺䶯
лл֮˶ӯò·˼еΧۣƸǶĵһ̧̧ۭңһӲŸոմӴж·˷׷ۣϹȻǧ壬һĸ˫Ĺ¶ܳ˶Ƹ
ĳϣ˲ۭҲй⣬ƸһвӹĶ֪⣬ԭҲ޳Ż¡
ûʽףۭѾϿ֮
Ƹʱ̸֮ݷ
׼Ů֮һСӣ࣬һһֵģЩţżЩڳԡף˭أЩڳҲ˴š
οֺ֮ϷӺд֣鷨һֽ衣
ֱ̾дְ
ۭͷͬŻ£˰֮͸ԺĳŮۭv
ۭvһ־Ͱˣ棬дúÿһҲۭvߺͷˡ
ʱڣʱҪ裬б֮⣬֮Сڳɬ赸ʵһ㣬žͽ˳˳ţ貽Щˡ
лмæվ˵衷Ļԣ޹ҹΪһ
ǰ˸԰˸̬衣
һֹԡˣ˶ڴ
񴵵ѣ֮٣Ϊл֡
л裬ɫ衣ϯ񣬿޽էɴƷڶӥ
лһ裬㵹ͣ׷׻лоˣдˡ踳Уǧ
ۭл̾ѣлδ飬ҾͰСŮ޸ϧи֮ˡ
Э֮£֮׳ɹ»ڣ괺졣
֮ڶ̻֮¶ԱԵĻԺѺŮΪΪ˳
ǰۭvԼди͸ָ̡֮֮δ޵֣ʱޣû뵽ۭvΪ佫֮ŮдôÿҲѷɫ
֮δ޵ְ֣ûˣȰˡ
ȥ·ϣ֮㣬ãлпӵһʺ֡
лжԱȱʾɣ˵ôãʩɣһ¡
֮Ѿαڻﲻ֣δ޵֣ܱƼ
˵֮꣬ͱֻصˡ
лΣϱѣҰµİι
ҹΣգڸۿ֮ͣſۭv֣ͷȾƣлаΣȥװɢ͸ھҲһҴٴϲ飬Ű׵һɥйľ
׵дһ֣ڽϲѵ
лɫһ䣬ϰϸڵĴֻ˭
һᣬһТŮлеˣԭлˣҽЄҵɷڹˣǰ˵Ҫڽǣسǡ
Є̧ͷлһò඼ˣ
ʲôǵ˰

200 ˭õһ

лǰŸ˵ ɷԱΪ־, ɵŮɫ, һӡžͱˡ
Єһ顣
Є, ǡȼأټ˾ܣ, л֪Є, û׼, ΪֻЩɫĸ˰ˡ
Ǽ, ǴżªİТ£ͷһ鲼, 泯, ͷһľס, ûΣȴˮܽذ
леͣȻ
лæش֮, ˽ɥڡ
ЄԼ˵ݹϴܵ, ٬֮ɫ
, ҴӦһ˽, ػڴЄɥϴһ١, ´
лæ׷ȥ, ιΪβŹȥң
Є˵:˲ӭ, ޣÿɷȢ֮󶼶˵Ҳ飬ǰɷʱܻңȥʷһ׹˶٣֮࣬Ǵ뿪ǣԶϲ꣬ɷͲˣΪ֮ҵӲù뿪
лæ˵ᣬഺãɲ벻ȥͷð
ŮһΪ֮Χ˶Ψһķʽ귢Ϊᣬ˶Ϻ쳾ϴ
ЄЦͲСˣлӴʮ꣬ˡϲ赸ɣ⼸Ǳ֣вջϸһԲϾ쳾ӹϧȥ¦Ժ徻֮ء
һ޵ּѪͳ߹ӹʲôϵ
лɻĿЄţţıȷ¦Ժĳ
лӽЄ֮ǣߡ
֮ӹصӵˣСɽ¦Ժ
֮δ㽣һʬδ͵Є㲻˵Ȣһ𣿡
л˵ΪûЄЄ檣ɥǰظͽΪ۵ӣǰиڣվͼݱҲûɥˣ˳ϣŶýȻΪɥ
֮ΪڴТء
л˵Ϊ塣ðҡҸոհ㶨ۭҴС㣬ȢۭҴСţҪӦͣɲܹӲš
漰£ֻ֮ôӦҸ㴫ΡЄ⣬㲻
лָԼ־ҵòѧգҲϲɺ赸䲻ˡ
֮¦Ժڳԣһ㶼ɵЄӹŵˣȹӹһء
֮Լǵ۲ģֱӡлС
Ӳ㽫ˮлԼ˵
֮Ͳлдź¦ԺӺһ˵檣Ȣϱˡ
˵Єҵˣūòڣ˵ãǳ̫ͣ޷ޣǰˣвѧӣֻӶԭȥˣø
ҪҪң֮ԣضȫϵĻš
лæ˵:û⣬ҿԷġұСʮ꣬ҵ壬һ棬Աһ
ĵҲôģӢţ
˵ֻǵһڶЄԼͬߡϲɣôѡһ֣ܴЄΪ֪ҿԳȫǡ
лѡóá
ӷԸŮȥЄ
Є˺̲ͤĺ漤ţ˭õһơ
Є񺽱ߣ½Ų
ԭϳڣ˶֣һһ˼꣬˵Ĺ£һΪȨƣΪ飬Ϊ֪ļΪɡ
һˣŮҪǰ·Єͣóĵӣһ١
ǰڴ϶ڵĹľһģǵȫͬǰ߱ˣȻ
βлиǽã׷ŵһɪϡ
ӿһĻĵѳɡ
Ълзã߳ȥӭЄ
ЄϸлУ˵ǰ㣬˵ͨƿһȻˡ
ڵʱôҲ벻ͨлȢЄ
Єлˡ
Ȼ󲨡
лһԼʮŮΪ檣
檻ǵļޣ
ǰͷɷ򶼱֮ǰ嶼úõģŮ˼ֱж
ةԴ˲飬辶˵ڣأۺڣһǶҿһЄ˷Єļ޸лУлĿǰֻҵһԱѣԢδлٻΪصĴ
һ˵˾ƺͦе
Є˷ͬҲʶӢۡļ޵лнҲضܹɴ
ΪǵĴε˰ڲžܹߵڰף˶˵ˡ
һڣЄлĿĽϷ࣬ҶڹĬĬ۲ле壬ֻҪλɷ֮ھͱضܳɾһҵ

201 ƶὭ

Єļл, 꿪, ۭĳŮۭvʮױ޸֮
ŵ¦ӾǱˮɵ֮ɼˣӺøпǧ
£ֵ֮ߵߵĴϢۭv, Ҫˡ
ʱվ֮ҹ, ǻָƽʩʳʮܼˣ±ߵĴϻ
, úӰҲȥ, 뿪ٴγȥͺײռ, ʵִʿŷͳ̶ˮͣͷעˮ, ʿ͵ȨƵ, ﵽξð롣
ִجġմرݴ󶼶٩ˡ
˵٩, Լ˸һɳ, оأɵʱ, ôų򶼲, ޷Խ, Ȼ󱻿ŵһӴ䣬ߵĳ׹䷲䣬Ͳˣȥ
٩̫ͻȻ͢ûѡ٩ˣ٩ʮ߸ӾΪүӵıȨˣ
˳Ҳ٩ôһˮӴսʱľмСռȶѩ·ʱ·ãǾϸ㣬ǳܹ͢ӵĹԱ
Ȼ㣬ҲУʮ߸ûһгϢģӲʹŭ棬ô٩ϴź͵ػƴ
ǾԲܷ飬٩ǿѧ̫ǲ侲˼ʱӦƾһȰүӵĵ̺ͱȨϼУȻһӣԱ
ºˣûƴֵܻɱһӵ
جıɼţТǲúø٩񣬾Ȼȴ󣬻ʮӾ٩ľɲΪТӣıˣռΪ
ռҵĲТֱӰѴˣ˭Բ
ʱ٩ھӵ׹˳˻֣٩¾ٰ񣬲ҳͷʮТӣһֱӽ٩ıȨ͵̣ΪǿȨ
ˣΪһֱὡˮϬա֮ڻὣҪŪ
٩һТǽүһѪˣժңǿ׳ʵۭ⡣
߿࣬ڣأڣҿ϶ᱻ۸
ֻزõء
Ĵεֻ࣬аִƱȨʱҪʲôʲôһӦܿȥˡҵĵ԰ڵıȨȻ࣬ȴӵƱȨңҸ˵Ǽ鳼ֻܵϱϾ
˵ۭǸ׵׼ңӲܵġ
ҡͷУۭŻ˷أԱض룬Ҫֵвˡ
ü޾һƽһΪ˽վ֮ңΪ˽Ըײ
˵ûɱὣҷģңҾҲϴˡ
üϸ׳ӣ²ֻ̣뷨Ϊ׽ǣŴͼͻȻһʸףӽȥݽ٩ľӣôڽľȺˣ
ͷһ٩ľӣûôף٩ʣµʮӶʱزȥ
תķɿ죬һƣ˵и취Դѽᵽֻ֣Ҫ˵ˣж˽ݵˮ·
ڽݺͽм䣬ڽι䣬ʺشֻҪסʹŪҲ޳Ī
æʣʲôӣ
˵Ҫ׵Ļлаæ
лкЄɪϣǱоֺ赸סҶ棬лˣةкηԸ
ʵĴԬϵΣ
Ԭǰ̾Ϣ˵иãҲ޸лУле˺ųƿ˷ǵЄԬле̬ת䡣
л˵Єĸл֮ҵķ˲ʣϲЄ֣ΪʦѧϰѣСˡԬżҼңҵã˵Єѣ˺࣬ԬֽоûЄҺʹӹϵȻʡ
ʲôļͥ
˵ȻˣҪĴԬˣ³֮Ҹ׻·
ðѼƻл˵ˣл̸ȥš
Ԭ̫أͺԽھһգԬдһ裬ҹᣬ͵ǡ
߹ظ漱Сʵæټ˵̫ԬԴҪ͢ɱ֧Ԯ
Ȼ˵߹ظ漱ӣϳϳԼԸ¾״ȥԮϽۭٻؾǣ򽨿
ӣȺû˷ԡ
СʵΪ˾£ٻᣨͷ˼ֻӲеɱвĹԱӣƺз
ۭӾڸϵǣսһԼǰ
̸ۭ˵˵ɣʲô⣬Ҫ֧Ԯֱȥͳˣǵͷةĳ򽨿
ۭv޸֮׼ˣֱԡ
õļı˵ˣۭһ̾ɮ÷һҵˣɮ˵۶࣬񼬡ҿʮ񼬡
ΪԺĶӣȻ
д˾Ĺְٻᣬһ·йԱĵǲָӣ;ʱ·Ǵվ߷󽫣ȡԭ´󽫣ƿرȨΪɣֶ֮Ƴȥ˽ֱӰѽˡ
ʱԶڽݣ٩ľӣ˵Լϳˣ޲ȥѽ
ǣʱǴ˾»ٻᣬӳı
ңֻԣϣԾӺúýѵȻͳȳ
ǲûУʾȥһʿûС
̫ԬװģĿ޵Ŀʮʿڱ߹عģΪҪˣֻת˼Ȧͻȥˣһֱû
ŰʦسͬʱҲ˳˽ֱֶ֮סߴ磬ˮ·ضϣ;ʮӣȴγɲв
ˤӣϺ꣡һһͶ˽
ȫʤҪƽҪܴƿһıȨҲᱻҧ
ۭдŸ˵ͣҪҪٶˣԴΪأǧҪվ֮ҡ
ûа취֮ƿؽĽҲ໻ЯˣԽΪϣڳаĵ࣬ǡ
ۭ׼ڣӲӲˡ
ֻ˫ʵ൱ſں̸̸ϣ̫ˣҧסţδֻΪ֮ҪܵҸڲǣ
ֻǣ̫СˣȻƢºͣרȨλ֮ģⲢʾһֻ׸ĸ
Ԭ󱨾顱ְ̫֮ܿ콫ã˴ɡԬǸûģ¹û죬ˣأһغʮꡣ
лΪ˴֮˸вѣĲлиýлʯ޸˶ͤ
һŮӡ
˵ˣӳر˾лУлװӢŮװģССͣòƾ˾ˣǸŮͯ
£Ӻ˾˻飬леŮ˵һžõ£Ϊ
ӴԺлиЧͬлҵҲΪǿȴ֮λƽ⣬ʱսŵ԰
ð׽ǻٴȥʵǵ룬ص¦ԺȴһֽᣬˮּһȦȦο
ݲΣӵͶɽ

202 

һֱӱͨ, ÿһζˮƵĽճ뱲Ӷڹ͢ֻǴ͢, ÿ춼ڵ衣ԹͿʼƽˮ, ޲
װĺܺ, һŮӵū˵Ļʺ, Ȼѣ׵ĳ͢һԱǺˡʹƳѧͬһֱԹѧΪѧѧ, ｨ̫ѧ, ˺ūڼ䣬ͨĻںϣļЧ
׵Ӱ, Լ˰ѧҲѧΪպѧµļԨԴҲѧһ½˽ѧ伮óøҪԺֵѧ, ѧʵ, ƽײ㽥ƹ
˵ԹΪʲô۵Ļ, Ǿվ֮ҽ֮󴫵һ¡
, ұ˾ǸǰΣ
˵ǿǧŻҵ, ֮, Ůñ, ʱ裬Ŵζһ֮γ뵽н죿ҳʿţӶһԴӼ޸£֪дɷ򡣡
ЩϵĴȻ󲨣˷׷Ǵ֪ܣΪֺڵɷڮǰ
ʵ˵ҲûʺʱŮӹ֮ʱʧ٣һȱΪū澣Ǹôң
һ𵽽ϵģݵţ˵û˵ЩǺԻʵʯΪ˼ǰūͺ˵ìܶҥ˵ľһ
ūѹܹȻϣԵۺֻܱտĬϣȽɨƽԣƽϢ¡
ͺһֱûнӺݵͨ˽ͨΪ˱鷳ÿһͨŶĺ󼴷٣ӽĸ׵Ľӽʬ𼣣̾ʹǿƵҲΪΪ
ʵ۲õ׼ַΪ󣬷ĶΪ̫ӣѾкܶౣصūҲиѴ
һеģʯĵҥԣվ֮ʱ׳ΧԾȽԵʡʯռҪˣ׳ֻܰʦسȥۭԷֱɽȥ֮һˣʱվ֮ѾʯջعһвɺϣǰԿıʺŮʯղ²ǣߣҪ׳ΧԹֶ񶾵ҥԣǰūͺ˵ìܣѿ˼
ݱȻӰӵԹ㱻˹֮λÿ´ʣսȺݴʺӵĹš
˵νһأЩ
д岻ã飬յź統ͷһһʱԽܡǵ˾һ̣ԲҪȥġ
ǰǣʹѵ
øϵʱѾʼɥµĶóϣһ塱
˴﷭һɵȹӹ͵ģʺʱţʹʹ߹ȥ˻ǣ·ܹٻ
ˣλˡ
æ·ȥ޹ڲ齱ߣŻԵĸĬĬᡣ
վҲݡ
װߣ΢֡
߹ȥӾСʱ˵˵Ļ޳
Ҳ񰲸Сʱӣı˾ͺãʺʱļһ棬źڲõˣȥ
ͿҺͲģ˭ĳǸÿҪʮᣬʺ˵Ҫ룬زಡ齶գ׼ʮᣬңҪӸһݡ˵ûʲôźܹǰټ㣬ǽ
ӿ޵øˣǰԵĺӣҲˣҾǸûûˣҲӦ
ǰȻĸŮָأĸףľȻһеʲô飬и
Ӽ飬ǰ׳ջʵʱȻʧǣСС;ͱѧͶ/ɱˣеΣĸǸʼڷݶ׳ջʵڱֻǴʵ֮һΨһĸףӴƬݶûˣĸŮ˸Σ
طףݶһ޷ֲĶ
ĸú۰ĺӣǷ顢䣬ʧȥĸ󣬶ǹ¶
ȴȱڳ󣬰עһȥ
˻ʹ˴򶼿ʪˡ
ԵһƬУоԼһֱ׹ûյ׹سֿԶС󣬾һޱ޼ʵĻ磬ǿ˺
ݻ۾ǳȦͫ׽࣬һϤıӰı˻ޣ˵
֣ߣԴڴϴ˯ˣȦڣӦǰ˺üҹû˯
ֻһ˷ˣǾá
Ҫӣͷҡҡͷ촽΢˵ʲô
ø͹ȥ
˿ҪԶҪܵڶʧȥĸ׵ʹࡣ˼ǲҪӲĸ׵顣
˵ãҷġ
ʱ˿æƵĻʺˣŮһġѶѸõһԡ
ƣ֮ױ󶯾Ūˣ۾æͱõĲҪιЩί˵㶼ҹſѡ
ݴʱʿѣԾѵֲ˺ף˵ţҴٺȡ
׹ԹԷ롣
һԼճĸһֱЩ
ҪŮȴ֣˽ͽִӱóϡ
ӵ޵óʪЩ֡
þȫӵգҵŮÿ˶ôһ죬һԹ޻ڣ޹ǹҫҴӲԼѡ񡣵ĸףһֵ¡
ʱ˶̲סᣬݵĻлǶԵ껻Ůɷ֮µĽӣӾŮ֮󣬾ͲˣԶŮ
ݶ˵֮һįΪͷεĶãǸøжĺúӡȥͲܽһ꣬˭ĳ˭ʮԼӮҡԲܽԸһ֣ѣһԺͲܽ顣
ݲͷߵףȢҡҪҡ̫á
ĺҲܲˣݵͷᡣ
ݽ£ľԴһᣬյҲˣֱֱڱϣգ
Ӹʬޡ
һȰο
ʹȥˣúһ̡
׽ܲʵȥ޹ȥݾǼȹ˳׼õݶ泯ž£ʼʽ⣬⣬
ʽκУ˵ڸʱǻûԶþл꣬
վڱϣ·ٵ䣬ٵĿǳһȥȻ¡

203 

ްţֺ׻ʺ, ƽꡣƽꡰڡ, ȺȰĪҪΪĹʦ, ״ŭĹˡ
ǰԻʵɥޣʯճ˻ǰԣױŭʯɶҵڵ¶ð
׷𷴻, μ, ܺԣ²ǧ, ǧʿƺ, ƺʬҪӵ, ֮ޡ
ʯռȻǿ, ˱, ֮궼ûж
, ҲûЦ, ޷߳ɥ֮ʹ, ʱʹ࣬ԽԽ, 꼸ھƸ, ǷԻ, Ȼȥԡ
վ֮ңϰٷϴˣҲɽԹոԭ
ûдսǰԺԴ֮ơ
˵˽ס¦ԺͲ簲꣬һֱƽײӵܶʶ֣ѧ۽ϻԭǵĽŲʶ
£ϵϸѩ溮䳱ʪů紺С¯ůһ׾ƣ׾Ʋˣ˿˿ģǺȶЩͷ
÷߰ԣ̱ͬһѬϣͷͷ߸ƵľƱиصĴƿӣ֦ŵ÷
գ˵ʮˣճʳǮȥײ˲ţ־ıʿ¢Ϲٳľ棬˶æµӺõֻһ죬Ϸˣ͸ɴӹá䡱գͬһ죬Խʡʱ䣬˷ѡ
ᵹѬЦҵգҲգÿ궼һ˭Ҳί˭
ͷ˲ӵ㷢ơʮͿˡնνֻһ
黰˵ģʮ궼壬ԼС˵ҽдһţҪԼˣǸָΪԼ϶ʱشֺȹ̫཭пĻ֮ҩƣʮȻûжƽҲˡܳѾʮ꣬ٹ꣬⺢ӾҪ˵ϱףҲܳһֱյȥĻ£ԾʹȥŻԼҪٵˡ
ˣһʯͷأӶڸĸ֮³ĺӣȻҲ뵱ĸȥǵĺӣܹĸĸ
ܵһпѣ²УΪ±ܵѣôѹ
ʮȫʮЩȱǳûãͨеҸǶСͨûеҸҲС
οþԲðſܻ̥лѲķȥǿӵġ
÷Ѭվһѱӡ
΢ͻȻڿնһУ
һ˵ɧĻЩһβΪӶͬ㲻ڴһ𣿷Һڴ
һպᲨĿȪõıֱ˵һ䡰Ҳûϵá
øˮޡˮͦ࣬ҲٳԿˡ
ֱöΪЦ§סɷĲӣ˲䣬ˮˣڲˣӡ
ƻʮʹ԰÷ĳǡ
ϣ֦÷ů¯ÿ֦Ѿ÷㡣
ĴͶ
ܸһֱڴˣܸݴʷǵھصϼؽһСԷɶΪۣšɡʷϳơɺȻСǰһ룬ȴǺʷʮһĹңȸСȫ
ǰڽոոž֮ңվ֮ҵȣĴε࣬ȻϢΪս
ȥڻˣص彨ϽĳɹڴĸʵҲƻոأĸ󻼣ȻͼɽԸԹ
ܸͶбΪɹ׼
ѣ죬Ͷڳϣӵżˮ·շת˰ͶǺ꣬Ȼ͵պøϹꡣ
ЩҲֻܳһӣΪ䱦ȥﶼߣԽϰձԶڴĸߣŴѩǹ꣬ܳҲѩѩûܳĽűĹأһֻ֮ǰǲ׼ݵġ
ܴ۶ӣǸ¹ԸɴȥѲӪ۲Ĳۡ
һҧźһ߿ӵţѻٵָΪԼʱͷһҭϲµģ˺͹ˮڰѺ˳ȥˡ
ŴѩĶӣѹʮ֮󣬶ӳײϣԼܳƸˣٸнΪźҲΪ˶ˡ
ΪԶԶƽΪĿꡣ
Ͳͨ˰ͨ˵Ŀǵ
ȻӰעҪǵĴˡ
˼ʱܸˣһꡣ
࿴ˣ񣬡
ȥոȢ˻ʵ۵׽㡪ϿĻ£⼸ѧһֱΪµ;·´㣬Ͽø֣ѻѡΪģǻĿǰǿʱ
ܸ˵ҷ˵ġ
ģڽ̷ϿǧܵͶʲô
ǸֱˬƢֱʣԶˣΪ£
ЩΪ飬˵ϸ£ϸ˵׵ܵۺѰ󳤹ָ飬ͻȻӻ飬Ӽܳȥˣҷ֮ة֮УǰѰۣȥɻ顣
Ѱ󳤹Ƕʵ۽Ԫ˾ΨһŮձ֣ǻʵۺϿĹùãԷΪ󳤹
Ժ»ҪСԼüΪø
ץ׼øȥġ
ܵӻ飿ˣٴαҭ
ۺһͯܣСڲͬѧţʱվ֮ңվϥˣȴԸҪһѵӣ˵һУɱŵϸ¸Ͻס졣
ΪΪѡǼǿĹӣǰأڣܳ谮ǹ
ѡϿҲʮɱɱȫҶ¡
۾ʱǾġһУɱΪǡʼһΪҸܴԱİȫ
ཫĲˮ£ʻ£֪ҵܵͶˣ
˵ʹ˺۵ѣ㣬˽ǣҲûطȥУ͸¶Ͷͽһƽɹո뷨ҾӦòڰͶ
ܸæһ䣬ӵ̫ûмǮСѾڰͶļľӣ׬Լ
վŤŤӣһļ±ңҪУᣬҪԲǡ
ͶӪ
ٶ׳׽ɱԴʤһ֣ʤһ֣ǰģһǧǮǮһǮ
ʹȻ־
˵ڶ磬ڴǰһıףֵߵߵȥ˷ǮոսݣݶһһԽյľԽ
գһһͣ䶯Ĳϱ
һ߽ˣˣϱֹͣһ
౧һϻǮһǧǮܵܵϣ͸Ѱ󳤹Ľպˡ

204 Ӣĩ·

Ǯ, ۲, ɷδ, ʲôɼң
һս, ԽΪ, Ҫ̽ĳ֮·
ͬ, ʮʱɱһڶ, ۱, ǻµĹø, ۾ԼΪ
˵һûб, ͳɲûκιϵǸ, ӻ鲻ϳ, ֻǸӻġѰ󳤹ѿķǸ˲ţؼҳ, Ǹѻ˲š
Ƴһ۵֮ܵܵ, Ҽ̫νϰͯӹˣΪϰͲŮ, ѳɻ֮书˲ͷ, ǻ֮, ΪǸоͱȱⲻ֪˴УǸһ䵽Ѵ֮ҪĶⱲʲô׷ء
˻һ, ۻܸһ졣
˵, Ҳ޵, ˵ƿԣһ·ûУŽֶܳ˶ҹһ͸»ȥȳɼңҵ
ۺѰ󳤹ʱ飬ӺֻǴҴ˷δڽǲμӻ
ȥǶˣ
ǰԣʱһƬң̹ţշ׷ӳǱѣʮǰĸ֮ǰĴ
ʱ򣬺Իʵʯɳʯȥǰԣʯʯܣæ˱׳ʤ׷ʯӳʬء
˵״ȫʤԶڽϵΪֻԹճһܣȻսͣսûȥ
ǶʱǺ괫Ϣ˵ԻʵʯǰԻʵ׸ˮԴʮӿս
һΣױܱӱնʣȫˡ
ӿżʱֱŵԼ۾Уû״Ӯ̣ôͻȻأ֮ǰǴʤ
׵ȷʤˣʤתܣȫɥ֮Ƶë
ʯմս֮ǰ׺ȾƽյսսͻȻ£˲֮ףǷ׷ȰӪϢҪˡ
ײԴԻٵȥκȰ棬ֺ˶ƣһƥʯմսһˡ
˾Ͱˣ˱սǣ׵ϲĬڳ˵ʱսˤױˤڱϣ׷ǳ˻Ͷʮˣᴩ˾Ѫѱ涼Ⱦˣһ첼
Ѫ̫࣬ԣʯշ²
ʯոտʼֽʣҪдŸڳ̫ӣҪ̫ӾٹͶͱǵ
ȻԴҲˣ޿Ͳˣֽʣд¡̫Ӻʹ󳼿ҴԽɽ𢣬ҲҪ̫Ӽػԡ
ʯռ״ŭӵҪɱס
ײڴڵĵ£ܱϲڴҫҲͶģҵŮҲͶ㶯ְɡ
ʯն⣬ӵ׵ͷ­
׵ͷ­ȻǴЦģĿʯѪܵͷݸʯͷھϣͶɱ
۳˽ĻǴƾвܻʱƽĿǣöϣǰԱ̱ױԼ̫ͻȻÿ죬ǶӦȥ׷Ϊʤ˵׵ͷںԾ֮ϣǰԾӾ̵ĺˮһˣĴɢ̫Ǹδ꣬ţټӣ
۳źԾҪ򵽳ǰԣñȥӺһŮ
øϵǰԻʹ̫ڵܵܣһöϸߡ
Ŀͬĸ츸Ľ㣬ʼʯȰҪҿԽɽ𢣬ΪԭŻᱻʯնסǸʵǲһ֮ǾǲԸĸ֮顣
Ӽ:ǵĸЩʲôֻ֪ȾƣͺȺͿˡǵĸ󡭡Ҳҵĸף̫˽ţһϣĸ
̫Եܵ˵ǴӦ𢣬ȥģ͸ߣҲǿǡ
ܵܶҡͷǲߣܶණ¡ο󣬾ܺ͸ĸڵԲˡ
ʮİƽ۰賤󣬸ʱնףʹ˵ʡͺȺͿ֮ߣ༥
ţֻбŻô룬Ǹ߹ĻѪͳѵһһ֮ܵ࣬һȱΪūҲҪΪѪĪĳ裡ңˣ
ҲǸǵĴˣֻǴЩ顣
峤ףŨüۣ沿䣬ͷ΢΢ƣüɫǳ촽°ĸݣµɡ
絶ӵġźĸƵ³һԣƽʱݵӲķЩһĻĻԺ︡ǿаס
ǰӣĿŰ㣬Ǹ
һҲŲǸԹʹǴ̨ǡǹҲǹ
̫˵ĪҪԽ񣬽ǧΪ˾ˣǸ
ģҾǸ³çˣԲ𡣿Ĳҵĸʣ̸㲻ۣۣ˭ǸˣҸǲԣԹƼҵĸװϲĸ׻ʧأ㸸ǰ׳գǲҲ
̫æסڣ
һ򰲶ϥǣʱӹˡ
ν򣬱ֹ̫ǲҪˣԹδĹóȻˣðͨеĴǲԵ±Թ
̫ӷصã˵ĺˣѾˣʯյľӿҪǣʱҲ˽ǿߡ
øӳǡ
գʯյʯǣ̫ܵ³ǽˤˣڳǽϿգ˻ȥصʹϤĴ磬ȵʯľӽʱ׸ʯ
ʯǵˣʱסˣϧֻӣĹǹҪúñ棬׸常ʯա
Ǿʯȴʯǲμ׷ʽڼ䣬ƵƵʯﲨʾøС
ڣڰ֮ʱʯ̲סס˸߹İ
ʯ˵Ľ֮⣬һ׸ֻд󽫾Ӣ۲ܱңԸź󽫾ϯȻʵ׷ʽ֮Ҫ۹ͣ󽫾ʲôҪֻҪһˣɺã
ڻʯ룬ұ͹ˣֻǻϵӣӶңʲôģȻϲ¼ɣֻҪˣһӴ˳̬ϾͲỳˡ
ʯڴӦ˰ɽ˺ġ
ҹ̫ڣʯûпЦҲ֪֮󣬻ط֦ˢˢѪ
ʯ죬ֹʯգ裬ʯձͺɫȲ˰
գ׷ʽȴѾǷ²ˣʯշΪ
ʯ˱ҵĺô죿
ʯŭޣȥѾİ˵õֻҪһˣô常ȥˣ˾ɷˮļˣ
ᣬҲǻϷҪҪңһŮʲô취
½ļһƬƬҧۺĪۣҷʲôأҪţ͵ϵĻҴˣΪܹҡ㲻С
˾˵С
ʯݺݵҵţ常󹬺úûȥ֮һ˻λ

205 

ֵͬһ׹³¥˵ѪһƬ, ΪԶĨȥĺ졣
յһ̣ӹΪΪū, ҲҪš
ʵҪŲ, ̰, иҪҪ
ӹյȵ˴ȫ嶼ˣ, , ٿΪʡΪֵܸ
Ӵ˾׼Լ塣
ʯʯյӡǱˡԼĸ, Ǻԣ, ԣڧɱλֵ˸ӡ
ʯ׵, , ܴ򣬶սĴ, ҵĽɽһ, ھ, ʹջرȨҲǵġ
裬ʶޣܴӷҵĳԤϳʲô, һжո׵ġ·ж˭Ƕˡ
ʯ, ʯ׵ĳɹ֮·԰ȹ, ȶ֮ϻʵʯյԴøӷĿɳ
һôŮͶ׿ӣҲȹͶ׿Ļ󼤷ɱ˶׿
󺺹⸴ξȻŮϡ
δİ޶飬֪ô͸ɴิû뵽󣬾Ȼôɹˣ
ֻʮ꣬ʯֵĺ˶ϲŮһʱһŵĸоοǸ˵
ʯվʳϣʯձĺ꣬Ͼɫȣ֮ʯվһˣΪʯѳ֡
˾ʯղԱ**ʯջ̱ⲻһĻݱˡ
ʯڸƽ꣬ȥǵǺ꣬Լ档
֮ͬĸ츸Ľط꣬ûǰĽͰʯʯֻ֮ʮ꣬ľѾʮˡ
Ӽͬʱ˵Բ𡣡
˵˵
˵ǰż뿪ڲԣ˵㸸ʺֻúȾƣȾ
£ƼҡʵûȥָһĿǺҡǵĸһĸһ޿ҺһһҶȥ˵Ҳᡪĸ׺ĺӣֻһ˻ţʯѾˣԸԸߣ
û뵽ӻΪһγ֮ǴӴ·ˡ
˵Ҳ˵㸸Ǹ׳ջʵۣҲӦ˵ˣֲѡġҸƣԼѡġҲ
ͷҲӦýΪūľ˰̣οʱڵұֵǶ֪꣬ȥôѡ
϶ʱΪūһ껪ƾ˭²ʲôʧ
˼ɷ˵ֻˡûʩС͡
ӿŰĸ׵°ͣ˵ΪūʵڼʵжֿҲϸ˵һжȥˡֻʮ꣬ұ⿤ǮҾȳʱҲ䡣ߣһжü¿ʼ㻹ôᡣ
ƵˣӺͰȻûнø飬Ӳܷãһֱһߣʯƽ꣬õĻᡣ
ǰȻؾˣҲߡɱʯգǱɱֻ֮ɱʯ˴Թܱ֮𡣡
Ȱȭͷһסˣ˭Ҳ˭ѡ񣬵Ҳľǿ
ʵʯԹ͸𣿡
ͷҸȥӴ¿ʼ
˵ôڴ֮ǰһҪš
˵ͽ飬ҿһ֮ѡʿԲΪϣںҴͷͿʯڶƴӡһᵱʺ󡣡
ʯһ̫̫ʯλãѹλøةʯ
ʯװģƴ˼ΣˣƵ̷֮Լ̫ʯȵʯյĶȫɱһ
ʯȻ׵ĵ·ǻΪۣΪԹλʵۡ
ʯ֣Ϊʺ󣬷˰ΪǡӴԹ󹬿ʼ˲пĹ޻ʺǿʼһֽ
֣ʺ󣬹֣ӣҡһͲʲôֶԲԣ
ǵģ֣ӣҵλΪɫʯΪ檡
ʱʯѾȢŮΪޣ֣ӣҽԣӣϷˣʯΪ棬ɱ˹ϡ
֣ӣұΪޣԼܷλ
ʯȢһŵĺӶΪӣ֣ӣһģʱպûˣݴϼʣҪ̥
ʯһֱӣɱ޴ϡ
֣ӣʯ䡢ʯӣλ̣Ϊ˶ǵ֣ʯ֣ӣҷˡ
֣ӣ̤޵ʬλãΪʺ
ˣ֣ӣĳʯ仹Ϊ̫ӡ
浱ϻʺ󣬹Ϊǣ֣ӣڰǰûϵجΰĶ֣òˣĻֶεõһȫݻ١
Ѷ飬ǡ
ǰǽļҼˣԿˣӾһֱ㵽ϵ֡ɱΪﱻûȻΪ͸ʯ鳤־ḻźˣӲ֣ӣֳ˲ֳ谮Ҳʯӣʯʯ躡
Զ˵㣬ӣƾʲôǻʺǣ㲻ҲΪһǴȵۺ߳ģһûŮ˶ʺ˼ɵ̫ӵǻ⵶¾Ϳĸͷˡ
֣ӣð鵱ȻҰİŰʲô˵ϻʺ󣬻̫ӣ
ָԼֻҪңһ꣬λǽģʱϧҡ
ӦˣãӴԺҵ˾ˣҵĶĿĶĿֻǶֳŵ
ʯ˻ʵۣ׳̫꣬Ҳͽӣеʯɵ̫ӣ;̫ӵĲ磬̣ÿ̫ӰΪҪĹҴ³бʣʯСҲޡ
̫Ӳʯôôޣǲͼı죿
̫ӱʵķ޳Ʒˣƫƫһֱдԣ˵ʯҪĶʯΪ̫ӡ
̫ΣУԥóϦԽ̬̣С˳¸ֶ£Ϊǲ
ʼͷˣѴӶõĹ̫Ӽȫʯ
̫ȥ㣬;֣ûɱţǲμᣬºʴǿ⣬ǿţ⡣
翳檵ͷ­ϴɾʻƿһڽ͡
ʯˣŭɶñӴ̫ӣ̫Դ
̫ӱˣ˺֮װȻأȴ͵͵Ŷųȥ˵֮Ѳ⣬ѾʧȥʻģôǴֻɱū澺öѣʲҡû·ˣֻܷһԸ׷ұƹ𣿡
ʵʯһֱΰձȨʲôı
Աŵɪɪ׷׹̫ӻȥ
̫Ӽû˸ͻصǴ´÷з֣ӣ֣ʺ֪ɳĸŮȥ̫ӡ
Ůһȥգʬ׳ں
֣ӣҴŭȥʶӣ̫ʸڷϣɱģҪɱͶιʬ޴棬ôӺﱻ˷֡
ŮٵȻǶɱģ޻̫ӡ
ְ̫ɱ˻ʺŮٵʯʯĴ滳ɣŰĻ˵̫ҵ׶ӣմ˾ڧɽҽյǻΪۣô׻׶أ
ûãΨһǻˣ⹬ֻҵĻϵİΣǻǣһ̫ӱ֪ҲϣģԷһ
ʯĸȥ̫ӡ
Ҳʧں﷢֡
ʯ룬ҵĸɱһ϶ˣТӣ
ʯõҪȥ̫ӣǰסϣǧȥȫ̫ӵˣһиô檽ָ˭
һʺǣֻаûãϣʯŵŮˡ
ʯץֿѺʣ¾ʵ̫ϴıδʵ
ʯ̫ӳˣ̫Ӻ̫ϣͬ檣Ůһʮˣͳͳʮʬͳͳһײݲᡣ
գʯ֣ӣ֣ʺ󣬸Ϊʺ󣬲˶ĶʯΪ̫ӡ
˸¾Ͱ֣ӣҸˣԶ˵ϲ㣬óԸ
֣ӣĳӱǸҼ˰γнĸ£
˵֣ӣˣ˴󹦡ģһسŵúչġ
ԼСĵĪ⣬һֵˣǱҪʺ

206 ǣ£

λ޵ġʿ֣ӣҰ˸¾ͱ, ̫ӵ
Ķҹ, ųʳͺȥϺ乬֣ӣҡ
֣ӣһ, ʵ, ϱòɱˣƵ, 踺, һĸ, Ψ², , ҪҴԣ
ѳʳͺ֣ӣһƣ˵ʲô㶼ȥ, ΪʲôʺĲңн˵Ұĺֶ, ΪΰװΪ£Լʲôû, Ǹǣ
ֻܺңң̫ܸ乬, ˣ㻹иŻʯ, ͻС, Ҫĸ, ңҪҸŻӣһŬġӦöֶΣƲ磬նݳġ
֣ӣұϾǸĸףŭ޺ӣң
˵̫߱ӣʲôңŻӻСһ˺߱ɱ˸ˣҲ̫һţһı֮£ŻӰ˳ɺ̫һ³ҸΪʦ̵ضɲš
֣ӣҲţ̫Ӻͻʺ̾Żӳɲţ
˵Ӧ֪谮ҡں󹬾Ӫ꣬ޣôﶤأ˺ңټϻϵĳ谮ҿʺƽɫܻסŻӡ
֣ӣҿഺ޵İṵ̂ɫƣδضù
ο˰ûѡˡ
˷Ϻ֣ӣҵתͶʵʯ˵һֱûãʵŻӡ
ڻοŻСҪһˣʯͬˡ
˾Żºˣ
شϲѶ֣ӣңŻӾͯӣ檴ˣһὫΪΪӾǾŻӵĺô
Żӳˡ淡֣ӣҵȻԸ⣬ԴŻҲ֣ӣﻢ£ֻҧףŮ
һֿװǣ֣ӣȫեɳԵͷʣžŻӺͶĺһԾΪܹͶʺͥĳ
о˰вʼѡ˼һĴˣŰвźʯʹ˷ȥĳ谮
ʯǸؿζ崿ŮϲҼԼĸǰȵʯյʱʯĸ
ɷζĶ¥ĹȻʯĿ⡣
̥ͬʱʼԶ顭ӳˡĴɢҥԣ˵ʵʯʵ̫ʯ׵ܵʯΪǵķϳףᱻ󳼷ԣֻʯΪ̫ơ
ԼӣŻʺ¶Ҫǰһ̫ӵ·ǰӽе߷ֵĪҪ˱˵֮ƣλеգ޵ֲͿ޷ϳ֮˵
̫ʯָ췢˵Ÿĸ׵ܵܡ
ĻʯҲָ췢˵̫ӴĹûᴢλ֮⡣
ŻʺѵܹǸˣûͷҥԣҵĶŽѰԲ߱˵ĵ·
ʯ躻صԼ/˸޺֮󣬻̫Ӵȥι
˭֪⿪Ҷϵĺ񣬡ĴֱּϹۡ
̫ʯĵܣʲô˼ȡ֪ܿҵ䣬ȻȻ۾
ʯɵˣ̫Ӵ磬˹ݺҡ
̫ӱ׵ܹܵȻ裬ջ𣬵Ͼ׵ܵܣŻʺǱһ͵ܸܵùϵ̫ŭ˵ã㣬Ҷ鴦ã˭ڱ󵷹
̫ӷȥĻʯ躵ժҶ˳顣
̫ӻصĸ˵£΢ĿĻĴԣӦоɣֻлϺ̫ӲܾסھɷĴԽ۾
̫룬ҲͰˣ㻹ĸɷҵ̫֮λ
ɫͰڲԼλˡ
̫ŭ˳/ɱ˹ȥĴ
Ļʯ躺׽ĴҪٵˣθģæȥֹܣֻаɣ֮˵ĪҪŲ԰
̫һŽʯ߷ɣһδε̽ҵ̣㻹ҵֲǰ׳գ
ʯ躱ߵĻ𣬡֮λ޴ǣɵ׵ܵܣҵ˸ʻģƵƵҲ磬Ŵ磬Ǵҡ
ֵΪһܿɰ˻ʵʯϲˣ̫ӺĻӵ˴ˣ
ʯæȥܣʵڴ̫ӺĻӻûԼϳ֡
ΪһѪɣ̫һҪϷĻһþⷿ
ʵɵ־ˣ˫ͣ֡
ʯʵж೤
ʯԶǻзģϾǶѷᣬԽ֮ģ׵ѱ֤ǲλ
Ͼλʵ̫ˡ
־صɡ
ʯ̫ӽñӳ̫ӣһڲʯ躣
̫ӱ򣬷֪ԼȦףô˵ƭˣʯûͣ±ӣһ˶ܵܣô򣡡
ֱŻʺ˵̫ϣԸܷʯŰݡ
εĽѵ̫ӺĻ֮乵أҲȣǶŻʺһٽѵӣҪѵܹ̫ӣҪѰܵܵģϻ᲻ϲǵġ
û취ֵָһȥ棬һֵܡ
һգ̫Ӻʯ躳ȥԣ˰;׷ɢˣ̫ӵȵڶûеȵʯ躣ȥңʯ躵ʬ塣
ʯˣĺܲң˫˫㶼ûˣҲӥԵƤҲˣǳһأһקԶ
״ңܶ޵ĽӡжǱǹ˺ҧ¡
ʯ躵ʬ̧/̫ΪִѰΪٰܵܲɥ£޵Ǹҡ
ʯٶɥӡһ̫ɱģǱʹҪȥ/μӶӵ
İŴȰϣ˴ҥԣ˵ĻǱ̫ӹѵģֵȥԣΪΨĻӳˣ˵̫ӼĻӵûϻģʧȥλɱģƵƵĻһԣΪ˷֡ȻҲҥԣ/ϲҪȥˡ
ŴƤ޵һʲôôǹ¶ĸ˭ϲҪȥ
ʯһð˵е̫ɱĻӣôɱĻǼ٣ȥ/μȻŻƹı棡
ʯ̫ߵ׽ȥ̿ʳࣺ̫Ӹɵ!̫ӼĻӣ޻ʵƫģԸɴŰɱĻӣ//ٴɥ£ʵȥݼȻ񷢶䣬Ʒʯʯλ̫ϻʣ̫ӼλΪʵۡ
ʯʣɱһ̫ӣɱڶеǶӡ
ʯԶʺʹȻΪɣ̫ʯĸס
ʯ֪Ǽƣͽˣ£¼
ʯϣʵۻӹŲԣʯŭŰɱܵܵģҾɱ㡣
ﵱȻûǣʯӴ̴̫ӵ°̶̼ͣϣ̫ӵ;һȥӣ޷£˵ûʵˡ
󿳶㣬ƶǣֶ̣̫֮ӵĲҺҹա
ʯ̫ӣҡ⻹һ̫ȫҶʮһɱװһײ̫ʯҲһŮҲŹ
иֻӣƽʱʯϲǰ޽ʯ´´ˣʯʯĳƾСӱնס
󻼣ʯʵ۵ԭ򡣲ЩǲѪס
̫һŻʺȻϵˣһӣȡʯʮ
ӣԺҪ˵ӤʯʱְȫУŶӣֻ̾ŲңҪõĶ㡣
ʯСĶʯΪ̫ӣⰲΪʺ
Ⱥԣ˵ϳײȡ
ʯ˵̹ףΪСҲĸһҪҲܻȥẦҡ
˵᳤ġ
ʯЦˣҾˣ˸ȥ䣬λȻᴫˣȫ

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Ū̫, Լһڱһ˶, ԼɱԼ, Ϊ߱ɫԻ, ̫ԼҪʲôˡ
ʯҪ̾Ȩ
κζԻλвˣ, ֤ݲȷ, ѡš
Ϊλֻһ, ֻҪһ, пٲĵز
ʯ, ֶβп˷ָ
ʺ, ̫˽ʯ, ԰Լ|˿һŮˣʸʯȥ
乬, Ϻ֣ӣҿ϶ֶҲˣڿ೰ЦҲн죡ΪӾҵλã㺦ҵĳȫңж, ӻɱȫ, Ҳϵʺ֮λ, , ľͺƽƽˡ
ڻΪҶ֡赶ɱˣҪ̵ְΪʺ¶Ϊ̫ӣľŻӻ˼ˡ
ȫǣ޹ң˸ɾ
֣ӣҵľŻӱʺһֱ乬սս
ʺԾŻͬʯͻݣӳ谮
ʺ͵͵žŻȥ乬֣̽ӣң֣ӣʣŻӣͺƴ
ĴӮʺޱϲҲǺˣֲʲôħŪŻӶһôûУΪʲôҪɱ
Żӷʺ󣬡ĸҺܺãĸĪҪĸ󡣡
֣ӣŵĿʺѵΪĶӣ
ʺžŻˣ֮ŻӾܾȥĸס
ֶ񶷣ʺ󰲶ΪԺ󹬵Ůˣһ֮ĸ
еĶ֣ʺʼɡ¡ˡʺʯ˵ιҪ˲ţȵλʱʿǨǳסҪǳ˵٣׫дʷ顣ЩʿܶﻹŴԴԲҳϣûͷۣҪ˲Űæιܴѡ˲ţǣлᵱ٣ضԴĹЩм޹ǽͷʿҳ϶ˡ
ܵϻʵ۵ĶʿûǾԲСʿǴˣûбȨȨֲ佫췴
ȵʯոոյǻʱǿЩȥӱʿǰᵽ٣ṩլ
ʯΪԻʵۣνƨɾԴʯ֪άȨͳΣҪԴԴϵ˲ţȻʿһֻ򹤡̬ȣôЧµܲһӵײѡ˲Űɡ
ʺʵΪ˰ʵ룬Թ֣ðָ֮£ʺʯһ⡣
˶ѧ̫ѧڸؿضСѧСѧѧ˼ѧΪ
صСѧ販ʿͼˣƽ̵κУѧ٣ʦ˿ܼĶɴཨġ̡ѵȵʮСѧ
ÿСѧѡδӱͯһʮˣͨοԺеڹ٣е̫ѧ죬̫ѧһѧϰһߵȴڹ١
׼ΨһᣬҲǧһδʿ¢Ϲٳľ档
ȻΪȶʿģʿҲͨƷƶõٵĻᣬÿÿضֻšТ塢ֱԡ
ÿصСѧһʮѧͨԵķʽѡγΪҴԱ
ʿҪͨ;٣ҲֻѡСѧΪһʮСѧһԱҪͨοԲܵԱʿȡ˵ı׼һˡ
ʿҲʲôɣżĹһʳǡƽȴܹȷĿʶֵĺôԿԼĺڿ԰汲ײˣߴˡ
ֻĲ
һʮȥˡ
ӺÿԹؿغ˰Сѧӵܷ׷׿ӱ̤;ԹĹԱӿµѪҺͼӰЧ
ۻʵʯʲô֮ɱĻλ̳𵴣ҡҡ׹ĹҾȻסˣ
ʯӴ˸ӳ谮ʺ󡪡ȻǲһмʶǻۣǰԼҼ˳ʺȻͬĸ¡
֪ǰԻʵ׽֮ڿҿңҲֻͳʮʱ
ʯλ֮ھɫƾ׵ײѡοԵٵƶȣλ͹Ҷʱõȶ
ֱ漣
ʺҲǰԹ˵ģҶȥΪ棬ںˣԹһʱȻˣҵĸҵԹʲôʱҪꣿ
Ҳû뵽֪ôشã̾ʿŷ᲻ɴݣҺŬ꣬ʶֵǶˣǵʵ̫ѣѡŻǿֻѧãȡֻŵڡԹǺϡ
ʺ˵ˣҵĳԼʯȽɣǺˣս¸ңھмӶǰ;Ұĵˣҵĸףڵɷ򣬻ȽɣһˣҺúͿʯԹ
˵:Լǵ·֮ǰңҺðźͶӵ·һΣһҪȥġ
ڴͬʱ
ѾʮŴӵĸ壬岻ãӻˣ͸ϽĶӽеǡ
һ˾񣬴ӲȰȰס
ʱðѳԱԹѡٵĳɹ͸ϸ˵ˣףʲôʱ汾µ٣࣬ͲѧһѧԹ𣿡
Ű׺ӣԹôΪԹʿ٣ٵֲҪѡ˲šǴʿ̫ˣʿ壬϶ԭʿ壬ʮˡһܲһӣĹְֻô࣬ʿ嶼֣ÿ껹һЩûʵȨְʿ壬л𣿡
Ӱڳ齫һְָֹ壬ͨѡ٣ʿǻһ𣬰λ˺ġҶ˼ҵ氡ʱ˼ҿɲ˼Ҷӣ֧ҵҲȫ뿪ҡо׻ô˵ţǮƣɱ˸ĸ˹ְ˼Բԣ
һöӣҾҪǵء
˵:һڳԲӣĹһ١ԹѾӰ쵽ġһ뷨ڵײԱﰲѧǣܹһͿǵ컯ˡ
ò֪ԹһǺƾȡˡĳΣڰһôˡ
ʹйۣһжϹȡˣһǣôһֱܺڰأ֮£ӿһ߸ٳʱս١
úʱϿλصĳɺܸޣѰ󳤹۶ڹǡ
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·ʱڶ̲ĵ̣񡱺ϲؿ˰ͼ, ҲõĴ󷽸ܵˡ
Ȱ, Ǵһͳϱĵһ
һ, һףɹø׵ƣüɫ裬֮ңǸ㷽ҵǳʱԤдҪˣҪؽȫǨʱ豣κķˮ˵ᾭдģڰ£Ҫ豸һԣʾǨϵļףԣдˡ޲ˮ𡯡
ˮôܻϾأǨǶԵġ˵ŲŲңдϢ϶ɲµĿʼ
һòˣΪɱصڶΡʱҹʼף˵㹥򽨿϶ͻṶܾãʲôʱıԴǣģǹӣ˵ڽؾͽնס
һ˵ˣաСźףˣͷϻҪٺȣɴ˳߾ƺ
ʮˣӻӣӵģҲֻգƺ÷Ÿ׻طϢϣʱαؾ˯Ի᳤ߣѵûؼһˣǼ塣
ʱѾ죬ڶĲãϺ⽥ɢȥϷ䣬ø׵һȲ裬ȻһȹеĴԿ硣
ùһȴصߣöڰ׺Ƥůϯϡ
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Ȼֹþø׵Ӳ
ϸһƣ׵ʹŵͷǱ۾ģĻ޷Ӧ
һźӵֻ̧ڸ׵ı档
ѾûϢˡ
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йڸ׵Ļ䣬á
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游һźӣһΣӮˡ
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ţʵ۰ճվٰͳֽڰɥ£һйǣźٴ졣
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ͷӣϣտϣǺúٹһ
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˵һ㡣
ףʱ򣬲öһۣŲĿ⡣
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˾öĿ࿴һͯ
ֵ֮ĳ֮ˣ֪֮֮˵˵ʲôл蹵֣䣬ҾͲ׳ˡ
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ˣʧȥ˶֣Ҳʧȥ˻ĶȻô׷ȥ
ǻʵ۵׾˾ˣԹйҲйʵ׷̫ξֺĿȼԶԶ֮£ûеǸز
ײף̶ţʵԵԴǷ׷ײ²ʵ۶Ϊһ֮˽ɵվ֮ʵĻԹޣͯӰϾʱʵΪվ²֮ʱˣ׵Ļʵϣվűסʵ
͵ΪѾ䶨֮ʱڴجġۭţ
ԭۭҲأֻǵ֮һȥϢۭǿˡһͲٴңֺƽȶ
ûǣңΪм˵ۭҲˡ
˵Ѷ֮𾪲ѣæһȥڱɥ
ۭǴͿʼϽˣúҲȥۭһ̡
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ʺΪʯʮ, Ϊһޱȵδ빬δ빬أʯٷ, ֵʱѹ忥˲ĵز
ʯɴǧս, սϴԡ
һµĵӴ˵֣˼ȡ׹صϢԹ, ʯ޶ԣݳȥԣ滹һǧŮӣһòý
Դɱ̫ӣʯԽζ, ĻӺͻ, ͸ɴѡŮΪ, ΪŮƼ, ʺһ, ֻʵ档
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һʱһʱˬһֱһֱˬ׺ʯ˴ǣʯɱףʯɱʯգûԼ֣һֱڽϹţȻôĳ˸ˡ
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ˣЦ˵Ļ񡣡
úڽŲΪТТڣֿʼΪıǰ̡
ЩģǿŻһɳģڻҪǣһڶҲˣһɳ죬ܹһֱĻãҾҲȨƸʴģһص·ʱҲûܹǣסˡ
ղŻ¿ʤ񣬺صʵ̫ˡ
֣ĪҪģһϼˣ֮ӱھллѾилֶʲҪûǣʿͣʿǣƻ¡
ӵͷһͶ˼ӵˮˮ˼ӵ࣬˾С
׼ҵıȨڶױУ׼Ǵǿʢļ塣
¿ʼжˣ׼жȨ
ĿǰձȨĽݴʷ֮յܣ͵һ̳ơ
֮ìܣ׼Һˣ֮ûֱӺȣȽιһֻ
ʵõ⣬Ҫ֮Ϸ
ˣ֮裬˵Ҫ
ʵæ˾ʣȻϣȻ̵֮ݣûôɵԼ͵ľ¶
ʵ۱˾˵ĵŭˣ˵˾Ϊ˶վıȨվǿٵ˾ũȴƷվվ֮ң̨Ǹ֮һ棬ĸԾͿ̿СսսϵȴվѾ̨ǡ
ʵ۲˾˵Ļѡ֮Ϊ˾ͬ飬׼Ϊ˱Ȩʲô鶼ó
ʵ˾Ϊ˶Ȩվ֮ң˾ҲҪͬ𣿡
һҲˣ֪ϣǻ϶׷ŹҪһ
Ϊ˲ۼ壬һºѡԾ׼ʹʧһԱ󽫡
֮ʵ۶׾˾˼ĮױǷ߲ѣ֪ȥʵʵһֱվ֮ң׼̶꣬ʵѷᣬҪжĥɱ¿ˣԾʵһ档
ʧȥʵ۵ʲô³ױĻ䣬Ҳ׷ܶȥ׼ֵһһ򣬻³˻֣׼ҾȨȫ£ΪȨƵĴ󳼡

210 ͤ

ڴǵصĵλ, ±Ԫ˧
Ȼ鳡ʧ⡪˱Ͽˣǹٳ⣬Խ緢һ˵ʻӰ쳤̲࣬׼ұȨ޷Ƥ, üëʯǣһɲŭΣ֮
ǰסâ¶ĴƤ, , ʦĵһѾˣڶʲô
˵̳˱Ǯûʵ׼ҵļɵ, ǮȽ, ÿ˰ޣ֧Ų˴Ǯջֻ˴ܵе, ˰ӹ
¶ɫ, Щȶ, ˿, ĵر, ˰û, ôһˮʵǸѾܽڼˣʮƽг᲻ãҪܹǮ֮궼Ѽ
˵ڶ£ǿԴ⡣Щķ٣˰ȴԣҸ׵ġȼķ϶ԭ񶼱ԭļᣬý˰Ҳ÷ۡʱҸȨ֮ƣΪ˷ԭڽ档Ǵˣȴֻ
ڲһˣʮȥϱѾںϣ϶ɵԭ￪֦ɢҶһԭضûȥֻϽΪ硣Ǻ˻ͨ顣ϱ˶ԭ˲˰΢ʣⲻƽԣҪϳҸ׵ġȼķıߣϣ˺ͱͬһֻһ˰һۣЩڴ̵ʱݣ;һҪ
ԭҲ˰ôÿ˰ܷ
¼Ŀʮܹ꣬Ǯˣ
ѪڣȻйǣȼķʦĸԭ˷ŵϣڷֹҲԭˣҲý˰дҲ඼϶ʿ壬ͻȻҪǶ˰ǿ϶ᷴԵġ
ԭũΪʶռԼиٹ̵ڣʹǶԸ뿪磬ֱ֮ңԭձȱ磬˽ϣȻϸĻΪԼһصԭ
Ϊ˳Ӧģڡȼķ涨϶ɵİս񣬱ԭлǵĻ׼ý˰ϱ˵ĻƼһң׻
¼Ҳ϶ʿ壬ڰ׼ý˰ǻһΣ˿ںͼҵޣԽ˰ԻҶԲʲô
ִ壬ҴҵÿҪ˰Ŀˣһ¿֪е
ϣʿǵһԡ
˵ϣ򣴨ϣƽۭϡĳ¿лĸ嶼ᷴϵġҿԱ֤֮ȫҶڻӣ¡򣴨Ѱ󳤹֧ϡƽۭϣۭǳۭ꼽֣ʶ֮ˣ˰ھѣۭؾкôڳ¿лϣ⼸ƵƵͨ飬֦ͬᷴϡ
ѾΪĴ壬һʣµҪͻһ취
һôߣ̺·
´ϲлʦ
˵ΪɨϰȨգбȨڣǿϲ̫ѡ費һγ΢ȴвܵˡһУʿû׵ȵǣԲȨһæģҪǵ֡
ǰ̰ʿͼɽռΪ˽Խʿ̰ᣬ嶼û뷨Щ̶˷˭ȥ˵̰޾
ԣüھʿĹĽȣ¾һ£໸£Ϊ¸˳֣
ָǡ
ɻʿĲκţǽʿռĹλǿаߣúҲлᵱϸ߹١
¿ʼˡ
Ȼ˴ӳҰȻ󲨣϶ɵԭ˶ԣʮ궼˰ۣ˭ԸⰡ
ԭʮֻġȼķ£˵档
±ʯüë𣬴ƤĺҲſˣ϶ûԷԣʲôѵǶˣ
ʿǿ켱ˣ֮ȵʳæȥ֮Ϊġȼķҡź
ҵۭ֮֮v˵ɷڣȥˡ
֮ǰյˣһȺͤżог¿лһɫĲлл飬ڳ£֮ڿڳԣ޷żҪμʫʻ۳ɲᣬ֮ͳžдΪͤԣ
;꣬ڹĺ֮ڻɽ֮ͤҲȺͱٳ̼
֮д꡶ͤ򡷣ȥԮȼķʿǵˣʹ¸ϣͼϻƼԭ׼Ϊһ̸顣
֮ЩȨͤһչǡҵĻش𡣲Ҫˡ
ǣ֮ġͤڽǹΪдĺãָǺÿˮкЩдÿ顣
鷻֮ͤá
ҲȻ㣬֪֮֮Ⱦ룬Ǩпϵ֮ӡ֮֮䣬Ϊ¼̲֮ܲ˻޶滯ھƣӡʹգ
ӽǰ֮ˣ⼸仰оķʽǡƨ¡
һȻˣݸһЦ˵Ȼ㣬֪֮һдðھˣʮˣ֪֮
ӺöѲᣬ΢˪Ϳʼ飬ͬʹ࣬һһһ˫ˣȻ㣬֪֮
֮áͤ򡷱˹ƨ£ֻң̬ȡ
ڻֶ֮£ϴʿ忪ʼ϶УбȨ˻Ȩʷֱֲֹͣѹȥ
ʵ۵ľ˾˼׼Ϊ˱˰Ƹ˽˿ڣһ鵽ף飬˵ɱǧˡ
ʵǸȻһԣûΪ׼˵顣
ʵҲ֪ڱУġȼķѾϴˣҪǿһͳԭͱ뽫ԭİ׼ͽ˵ĻƼںϣһͬʡ
ڻʵۺͻ¾ƽ£˳У˫Ϊһ壬ϱҶͬ˰
¶Ա־ڱصãʵҲܹոԭ
ʵǲпˣ˾Һ˺ûʵ۲ħ䣬Ϊ̿ʵֻжʮ꣬ͻȻһһϢ
ΪţСʵֻͼ̳лλи֣ϣ彡Ҫصű硣
ƫƫʲôʲô̿ףҲûܴ˾ҵħ䣬ʵǰԹ˵ӣӸոѧ·ӻ١޵׵ܵѾʮˣΪ˱ٹɣֶްѻλȸΪۡ
̿۵ΪǣΪ˴ȶûдΪԼ׶ӣѡܵ˾ݵһҲ˾̾ĳɾֺͣΪɡʷƳɵۡ
˾̳лλΪʺ󡪡леŮһִٳ׮£԰лУû뵽ᵱʵۡ
˾λ֮󣬲ĳɵ۵ĹߣϣںϱԸºͣɣһûʵۡ
һΣǺһڶ̰»ʵ۸̡ˣȡ˽ԪΪţп֣ϣʵܹĳһЩ
ϧԪҲûд˾Һûʵ۲ħ䣬ʵ۾ͼݱˡ
ǿĸȡ˸ֺţʷƿۡ
ʮ̫ӱСʵۼ̳˻λСʵ̫Сˣ̫ӴСʵۡ

211 ֥

̫, ˳ơ̫¡ϷΪ̫ʵŮʡʵֻ꣬Ӷûѧ, ôι
һʼȺǻЩ֣̿걻Ϸ磬̫֧Ŀ־廹ڡ̫󣬰ѴȨ, ֱӵվ֮ң̨Ƕһ
Ǻܿ죬ǫȺǷ
Ӱ˾ұߡѪͳΪ󴿾ӹ뵽̨, ǫôһ̫
ӹʮ, ѾΪ˾塰ڡƵˡ
û취ӱ̫ˣ˾ҽǶʮɥ, ħƵġ
ǰʱ, Ӻ۵У꣬иġ
Կһ, Ӻöϵ, Ϳһ̡֮ǰɵۼݱǶûл
, ӺΪ, ˣһֱĻ󣬶飬νǴ治֪ˣ»ᱻ˺ˣֻμӿ۵ȥȥͻأûΪӵš
һ֪ӿӽǵĿ⣬ЩĲֱ̣˵ۣɵۺͿ۶Ǵɵλʮ۶ʮλʮֻ̫λĹ߱ǣھͿˡ
ɵۺͿۻûϣϱһҪʱ䡣
ӼϣϱΪһ壬ӹ˰պͱԴ
˼ֻ֧¸ϣӲûĻʺ̫ȨҼңľ˾˼ҡҲĸлʯҡ¿лϡ
¿лϺ϶סھӡӵľ˾лжϲʱһֱϤлУһ֧лаСԼʮꡢءۡڵĴŮЄΪ檣ΪллΪڣĴ
лгĺÿ̸Ӧܴ̣꣬Ůӵ̫лжؾ£Ϊ
лУ¿лϵлҲ׷׵õΣΪд󳼡
л⼸ƵƵھͨ飬˼޸֮ĲŮл蹣леŮҲ޵ϡ
ƹ壬л˼壬ʦк׹ϵΰһһҲΪ̫ӵ֧ߡ
ӵĹϵ¿лϴʿһٿ˺ϲеĴʿУһʱӵ˲ű˶㣬ҼӵֱֵСĿ֮Ƶϡ
лилˣһֱ֮ڻӣ֮дͤʱżϡ
лһֱܾ٣ڻ֮䲻٣ѧлߵģʿ׷лбף˵ʱأͳԵܶ˾͹űѧʫöֵ֮ķͽ
лҲؼһˣлҵӽѧʣüһõˣʵл˲űٵҲкܶ࣬ΪʲôҪ̿ѧϰԼأ
һŸոɵͯл֥õĶϣЩԼͥԺһ
лˣֽоӴˡ֥ΪѻҲΪһݲò˫ȫӣϵġĿ䡣
л𣬴ǰϵھӺС࣬Ϊ۹µĶ
ĹѸȺʱԹʵʯȻɫƣڴʵ̱Ӷҡ֮ʱҲûǰ׳־֮Σ򵽽ȥ
ʵûж־˾͸ûˣ໨˼ֺûʵۺʺǹַܴʲô仯
ھɫ˥ϵĸʴ֮£ʯûϻҲ򲻶ˣȷ֣߼·ڣͷϻ˲Ȼ󣬳һͷϻ
ֻʮ̫ʯλС̫Ϊ̫󣬸Сʵۡ
ԹʹһŮιˡ
ӸϵԹ̫棬ǰӦҵģߡ
̫󲻼æʯˣԹûʮѾԹľĹˣһжмƻٵҰꡣʱ䣬׼Թ
̫ͲǵǸ嶯ŭĽ˫ĿǸ֮⡣
ȻСʵ۵ǻľǸǡ̫ʯĶλ
֮ǰʯԼȽ˵ҶõλҾͷΪ̫ӡ
ȽʯӡҲ̫ԹĹˡ
󵥴ΪɽӵģӣɷʯӣȽӡ
ЦѸȽϡҪȽɹʯ񽻺á
ʯ̫ķˮ£ܿ򵽶ǣСʵֻʮĻʵۣλѻλøʯ
ʯ˻ʵۣһǰѹ乬ĸ֣ӣҸӳˣ
ǵģλλޡӣŮʿûʮ̫չ˵ĺܺá
֣ӣҳĵһ£ʯɱ̫λСʵۡ
ʯЩԥ뵱ʵۣûɱ̫͵ܵܣĸף̫Ͼңʮһֱչˡ
ž
֣ӣһ׶ϣΪǺչңֻңҪһţõǣİѱѣ
֣ӣָŶ򣬡㲻Ҫǣ׸統̫ʱʲôԶģʮȫһײᣬﶼ֪մ׸磬ֶֶŮѪ𣬾Ͳ䵱ҵĶӣ
ûʯﵱ̫ӿ£ɱ̫ȫңһɱһڱ
ʯˣֻͬɱ̫ʮķϵۡ
֣ӣҿྡ̫ǰҫڶƽѪͳ߹ŮˣҶŵŮǹΣ̫Σͷ
ô֣ӣһҲǴ档
̫֣ӣҾƣQ˼ˡ
̫󵭵ϴӦңĸһҹʱ̫ʬЩ˰ɣ
ãС֣ӣҷȥ
ҹ𣬻ôı̫йѺ̫ͷϵ۵ĻԻʧ𣬷ƣϯԹʹ죬Ӷڻˣ̨ͤ¥ȫΪҽ
ѻһ²űһ곹Ϩдҽµ궼Ǻɫ˳Ѫꡣ
Թʼʢһ仰Ѫ֣Թ
»ʵʯţ޻ʹû죬ʯȽɾˣ˵ʯɱ׵ۺ̫콵Ѫ꣬Գͷʯݡ
ʯһٰʮʵ֮Ƚɹǣɱʯ̫֣ӣҵȣʯ塣
ȽԹǻΪۣΪκ
Ȼӵ¡̫Ӯˡ
ȽԹڽݵ̫ʮķϵ۵˴ǰƫԶأӴ˹ƽ
Ƚɽκ֮󣬶Դɳʹڣ
ĺԹ֮Դ뺺ͨʹϱϽˡ
ȽǺˣԹΪ
û뵽ûʼ־ѾˡòԼ֣־ԼԼ
ʲôħõ
Ǵ󾪣ϲԹҲн죡Ҳζ
ǴͬκʵȽɵ飬ɳʹţͽ飬ǰκ
һȥһʽ̫ӺͳκʹʱµϢ
ʱ˵Ľ݃yκɱ˻ʵȽɣԭһ¹ң
ýʲôʹˣҪ

212 ų

⼸ͨϡϱϲķʽ, ʹø˰˱ʱ
ʱѵ
ڵǣԱڳ˸ոκʱĽ, һڹеص˽عʷǰء
ǰǳԹڧκĻʱڽĹҡ
һָֻµʱ, عʹ
ԴĿǰĹ, ͬʱعǲܵģֻѡһ
ѡ˭أ
ӵȻѡˣ
ѡع
һعȽϡ, ľɶĿǰعİͼ֮, ܹո
Բһսʤ, е̫ˡ
Ǿء
зľ飬뷥, 򵽹, ո̫ͬˡ
´Ӵ, ԭкһ𱱷, ع, һؿ, ǳ˻ɱȥ
ĵܵܡѰ󳤹ݴʷ۴, ս, նɱںĽ
ڹܸȥǶ, Դӻ·֮, һֱάĺƽӰðʮϵ͵ӣְŵġ
ػ߾ȴ˲ˣͲˣʮ꣬ӢţѰ󳤹ûáѰ󳤹ûиļޣĬĬŵһӻɷλ
ۺͽһٳϧ̫̣ʧȥһŽǡ
ȻⶼǺˣսʱ򣬻´ӱǰɳء
㼣̤ڹϣûؼˣ
ʿʢƵƵʤ
ɱУߣвԭշ׷ˮʳ޵û뵽֮껹ܼپ
Щ׷ԲԵ˻дδӵˣ±гɾ͸Уﱸ̤꣬Уص°׵ˮ£ǻᱣǡ
һ̣¾Լĸֵõġ
³ʤ׷Ķȹˮֱ
ʹ½ţҪ̰ʦس
һ֧ǰظ̫Զˣűǰصľӽػ񣬸˲ȥ
ԭ֧Ԯµֱ**սϣ޷
һ¾ٶ⡣
ʳûоӻͣЩʳֻᱻعػӴ򹷣ȥ޻ء
ʧȥս⿿ʿǲеġ
Ҫ¸Ͻ
µ鱻ͷһˮ
ˮԵĳǣ²İ
ʦһҲˡ
°õ˺٣ӽˮȫոδС󣬵
õõʹϢ֪²ոʳʱɫ䣺̫ļˣҪʤΪܡؾոδС󣬾֪ȱ
ȻعǰոоеʳҰһݶ¡
¾ӳ׶ˣɱΪ
ɱӰʿؾ˻ܡ
Σֻ˱;ǧа϶ŮԸľȥϣѾԵ£˵ԽԽˣȥһ·
±ǧаհʦس;ʱʱǰϮ¾սһˣбǧаջع
һαȻûлʤǧаǾ䡰û뵽֮껹ܼپʹû
Ͼֻӣһʹ򵽳ĳɼѾܲˣ߾
Ի٣ڴźһʱ˶ܵС
úͻٴѾĹ˳ӣûдǰֿɵáʦҲ᳷ˡƴһѣô֪ԼͲأԶԣҰƴΪΣٸһλᣬȻѡ˱
˵ûЩڹеʵԲġҵĻʱ˱Ҫɱոʳݾߣȫȥӻܴǧаգһܹ롣
ֱŻµ۾˵ҪƴһѣûԼȥƴ˿磬ʬǲܻԱģƫƫѡðաһ֮жͽ֮ģ֪ñ˵ڶģҪ֮
ŵλȨƵµҰˡ
µĿⲻܣ̾Ҫ˵ģҪȥƴعҲʦˣηηβҲôųꡣֻҪһֱнȡ֮ģų꣬ҶԸ⡣ΨһµģǱǣµµΪһӡ
ʦͽһβɢ
뿪ӴοĪҪ²һضѡȨƸʴģ⼸ʮǼ̫ˣֻ㸸һֱûб䣬˭ܿȨջأ
Щַֹ꣬ʿǰռɽϣÿһ¶ĺܺãΪΪ
һȨһαԶͱˡ
۵һء
ӵӣʼ˵öԣҵĸ׶һ޶ˡʧҺã׼ǣˡ
ܿ죬ڻ֮˶ʿлڿϳˡ
ʮˣһֱڶɽԣ͢٣ȥڸżŹâѣ֮дͤʱڡ
¿лϵлле˶߹ԴΨһֱǸûйְˣ϶̲סɷѵĲٻ𣿡
лű˵޷⡣
л˷ӣϲżߴ٣˵ҲʲôھˣǺǵǰ;Ҫô̽ǣ
лǹҶнǣԴѽ
϶ɷһӵʱлͻȻ̬ȴ䣬ȥµĻΪһСĻţ
û뵽лԽݣµĻţȥ͢٣ƾͼ壬ʷһԱ´࣬ΪʲôҪµĻأ
лֻƮƮ˵ҿû
µõлֱϲлΪ˾
¿лдĹģͣ˾޵ǰʯл֣𰡡ûƽлĲɡ
պ͸ҩģһζҩĽԶ־
¾лΪһСԶ־֣
һлĻ˵⻹򵥣ɽеĽԶ־ɽĽСݡԴлڲ뱲ߣʮ˾ȻµĻš
лһ죬ûз޷˵ĸŻ£ΪıߡԽл䱦
л֮£µڶαʤ˹ʶǣ
겻ѾΪһƬ棬Χũߣ֮أѾǰ׹¶Ұǧ޼ͬ⡣
ǣǽ̮ܶƽԭտء
Ҫǣ͵һαһйأǸ⣬ǣֻԵ壬ʿΪѡ
Ѿս֮УһǣҲزסֻΪµսŨīزʵһʣûκʵϵ塣
ʳѹ²þʹص˴ֻǧ˿֪ǧ˻
ԽԽˡ
ǧ˾Ȼں֧Ԯ¿˰꣬űٴй֮֡
ԭƽҲعʵ޼²ӹĽϣӹ׵ܵܣĽݳ塣
ӹʮ꣬Ĺɫ㣬عʵ޼һӾͿˣΪ
Ľݳۿ׽ӹҪعʵ޼ǿռߣǰֹû뵽޼ǸŮɵĻʵۣӹúÿʮĽݳСĪ䣬һȤζ
޼һסСϸl󣬡ӹҵӣ͵ҵɡ
ǣĹӶΪعʵ޼һ򣬶󹬡
ҥһƸһۣ˫/Ϲ

213 ̫Ľ

ع, ´ָֻϱԳֵľ档
ԭƵƵսңαϵĴҲû, һó顪ʵۡ
ʮ꣬ʵۡ
˵ֻжʮ̫ӸСʵۣ˴ϱڻĹ, ˾˼ҳ¿лҲżȮ, ϵĸӹˡ
һ̫ᵫ, ҵҵȻʵ۵ʮ꣬Ӳȴگ, ˣ
ܲңʵ꣬Ȩ΢λٹʿǰ֮, ȰΪ֮أȴɹ, 飬ҹؼƾڱӣȺ, ʵѳӹ, ѳ, ѱӦ黹£һվɵ䡣
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Ӻķ緶Ȩȴ̰Ȩ˵˾ˣӴӳ¹¡
ӳιѻʵҲĺܺãʵ۵õȨѭ̫һվɵ䡱İ취ĸ׺Ͳһ
ϧ˾ҾӲħ䣬֮󣬻ʵ۾Ͳˣʮ꣬ʷµۡ
µѾ飬岻ã̫磬ʺûлУһ;ˣ̳˶ûС
ô죿
̵ܼļ̳йӦµ۵ĵܼ̳ܵлλ
̫ӵֻһӣԾҪ׷ݵһ̫ʹ󳼰Ѵӳɵ۵ĳ˾اΪʵۡ
˾اѾʮˣǸҵʱ򣬿˾اĸݵͼܹˣûܹϸĻʵ۽ϡͿĵһɢүι˾اճʯɢûѵʱι
ûð취ֻðڳ¹ϵ̫̫
ε̫ʷ޽֮¡һתɴķȨԴѡ̫ϰѻʵ۵һţʯɢ塣
˾اʯɢڰԼˡ
ʯɢ˺˵˾اлʺ֦ɢҶǻʺһֱûлУиһӣ첻㣬û¾زˣһҲϾá
ڶʵҲˣΪ˾ا̫ƣǸȡ˸ֺţʷưۡ
һ죬̫ʹְѰ۵ĵܵ˾Ƶʵ۱ϡ
˾ȶʮ꣬ҲܹģҲûܹϸӽ˰۵ǰ֮Щţʵͬף֪˾ͳˣȻӵ̫
ʮһӵε̫
˾ǸƽӹĻʵۣûвŻҲûʯɢһж̫ӡ
ǣ˾иá֮񱣬ϲˡ
Ϊһʵۣϲûκ⣬ߣǸ⡣
磬Աعʵ޼Ůͨԣӹ͵ܵ˾嶼󹬣ǳ
ǣ˾Ǹܻʵ۰̫ʹеĿܣȨ
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磬˯˻˯Ůˣ̫ʹܹܲܵҴȥ
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̫Ĳ̫࣬ǹŮµǸеһгҹ͢ô죿
Ѫ˾ҵѪͳλͲⲻǻʵȡ⣬ǹڽɽȶ
̫󷴸˾ȱʾҪгŪ󹬣
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Ȱ˼νãֻ̾ҹܲˣΪ֮
˾¶ôİѱȨƵĴ󳼻ΰסˣ⼸ҰļͣҸһ֡
˾ײ˻µǹϡ
ɢҥԣ˵ʵ֮񱣨۾ǻʵʵǸг˻죬Ϊ˹̻λãҪгǺͨ飬ʹʵгҰ֣ǻѪ
ҥˣ˾ȰٿĪ磬ΪгںʵѪǷĺԽԽߣ³˻̫ӣҪ̫˻ʵۣԷֹλΪ֮֡
µµһıʿлԲٵɵģᣬңΥȡдĪ֪˭ӡ׵ɥڲȲԷ𢣬һ󣬱OڣƻʻǶ̣벻ɻ 
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֤Ѫͳ̫Σǻʹӵȷ˾ȵ֡ǳ˾޷֤Ķӡ
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Դˣ̫֪˾̫ƽӹˣһѪ
ǣ̫ͬû֤֧˾ȡ
Ѫͳݲðɣ򣬽ǻ
ԣ̫֮£ֻڻµ˰ǣߣ絶
˼ͬϵۡ
̫ͷˣ˾ǫ̇̄ʹΪǣҲû˸гˡ
ӻʵ۱ɹ˾ȴ̫ˣҲûг̸˵Ծ
¶ģ̽˵̫عҪ·Ϊʵۣ˾ȿϲҪţס˵Ǽƣţ·
˾վǸƽӹˣˣԶԡŷģûɱ
˾ȾôΪгʧȥ˻λǴҪһʵۡ
˭أ
̫˵˲㣬ֻռбȨĻ˵˲㡣
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ǰ˾ڻµѹд˴λگ飬λ̫˾ףҪµ󳼣̫ӡ
Ǹ³Ƶ·ۣܲ٣˾ܲȴ󳼿ʼġ
ȺȰ򲻿ɣ
˾֮̾ѵֻ˾˾ֻƾ¡
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˾ЩԥʵڱµȨƵˣԵ˼»ʵ۾ų뿪
˾˵⻸Ϊ󳼣ձȨ߳ŭıģʱûֹܹǿعǰڧ
ӹ˾ųһ裬ҵľ֮ҡ֮ҡ֮ҡվ֮ңҶˣʲôȨûÿһҶЦһζԸ£Ҳ⣬Ҫңа취Ը
ӹĳŵ˾ɿڣдگλ̫˾ף̫̫ᣬ̫ӵ̫󣬸̫ӡ
˾żݱĻϲĵԼΪ󳼣˳Ȩȴȵ̫³ɽ̫Ϣ
ң˾گҪ˾Ч
ʲôˣǵ˺ü࣬ȴʼı֣մȾȨԵ·˵ͳ
˾֮ǰӲһΣ̻¡
±ŭƤĺһ

214 ѩ£

ЩΪȨα, һǿƽ, ζعʶʤ, Ѿһ, ûκ塣α, ս̫ʧܡ
αİͼû䣬̲֮ع̫ǿ, Ȼս, , ǻʵ޼ѧԹСѧ̫ѧȡ˵·, ڴڷѧʱ, عѧֹׯѧ˵ڶǳӡ
عȻսҲϣǹԱʻǲģѧͿսҵԭ𣬹ǿʢµα, ײϣһ㶼ԩ
ĿǰĻȻܣǱȨڡ
˾ŵگ, ²İ, ʮ, ˣȨգȴ󳼶ˣ̫ȴٳĴε̫
ԭڻʵۺȺУһûǫ̂ǵŮ˶磿
ʳѰþͲˡ
ڲϣСӺһź򡣻ӣӻӣǻֻϲСĶӻоʱߣԳ䵭ĺܡ
еĻ־Դ⬰ĺ붼ģСӣô˵
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Ҵ𣬴˵˼̫أ˥ߣҪһУԸ׵ԸҪȨŪ
ܵģȨô׷¡ܹһģֻˡ
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Ȼ´żݵ壬ǻ֮ģ·˽֪ȥϷشƷˣ

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ͤлڴ˴ӭӻ¡
ʢҪı֣ͤɱǰӭӵĴǡ
һ겻Ψл˵Ĵڽ̸ͤУλʷʲôµء
лʮųɽ٣ڻĻﵱ˶Ļţ֪µԸ͵ϸڻ²¶Ŀ֪²أˡҲˣ֮ʱ䡣
ţظͬ˶֪
Ļ£Ѿǿ֮ĩ
лͤΧȻرͤΧˮйͨŵ˰嶼÷ˣ׷¹ݡ
л繷Ի˵˵еɱػڣûлѾӰǽںġ
¸߰¶ˣӺˡ
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Ϥɫһףˣ
лͷӹҲˣҪȰ˱صգĪҪǰˡ
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ڿˣ˵Ǿųꡣ
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л˻µʹ㣬׻;վ֮ңվѾɱ
´ŭ㲻ҪҺվᲢۣ
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ˣ촽ˣԭһжƣʼնûаʦ̣һֱһöӣ
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Ȩף˱ص˹գǰ¶л˵߿ԣҪӾ
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ĳӡӻɵˣȨ常ģλǵܵܵģʲôûУ
ǰӾʥּûʱᵽ˵֮ǰĲʺ;Ҳ˲ܲٵġ١
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ȥ꣬ɷܸ
ʱⶵתת˿ĺѩӺ࣬ʮͷװһ
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