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 1 

ٵĩˣ¤ʪ䣬գѩ׷ɣ̫Ʋĺ棬ģһ顣
ͭĻӷڷĸϵȵ˿˪̿ͷůġ
ˣ˹ˡ
սˣȫ¶ˣһ죬١
һؿڵ˴ۡ
ǸϵʾǷҪ÷˽ʾ¡
˭ߵģΪʲôҪֶ⣿
伸صƹգΪһԼκ˶ÿ
䲻õغһ
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꣬һƮޣԼǴһ÷ˣѩϢ˽
ķԭݻ֮޽Ƶı£߰ʮĸ磬ҷֻ˸ߵͭףżѴСҹ顣
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˿ֻ̣һۣؽĿתˡ
˵ˣ֪̽д󰭣
粵ͬȪˮ˵öˣȴġ
Ȼǹķˣ֮һֱʮ䵭˵Ѿûмˡ
վһ΢ľ룬ôôԶûйΣֻһѡ
ͬĮش޷ʱˡ
΢΢ףǣ˺ţҸˡ
תȥ̬ƣһ˿
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粳ѾûƽƽΪֺ¤˺躣Ů͸¤ΨһĵӹΪ檡
粱ȹ곤꣬ԭмǣ粵ĵһʱȻˣΪʲôƽš
һꡢһѩͬգµúܴܴ
粹ѩ̧ͷʱ·ʱ䶼ֹɫ֮¡˿ԿҲ⡣
ʱʮ꣬ٷȣһͷȥ˸׵ķԣִȢΪޡ룬ֻŮӣ
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粵ĸ׳®ңҵıѶ»Լ®ݳƣž¤˺躴֮¡
ΪԵʣ粵ûй䣬ûжЦ۾ǴŵǳԽԶ
Ϊ粵ĿУԶҲȲǸȥı֡
ĹŭˣʰԼ˼Ժپ粡
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ʼûе粵ĵͷô䣬ͬʱ˼ʡ
˻кηԸƽʵ
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俴粵ıӰڴѩô꣬ѩļͷʤѩ
üͷ΢壬Ըңɡ
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һӳֽʿӻǱת˹ǷΣΪǸѲߵ
˿ˡе飬סĿޱ顣
ϧȴûп
ֻǵͷӹɡлˡ
Щʧȴ벻Ҫ˵ЩʲôֳֻĬˡ
ʾڴʱȻ
Ƕӳֽʿ˽ǰͻȻνʣѸس˹
Х
ԭսʱˣȻ̫ο精ߣж׽⡣
ִ֮䣬ȣһֱֱ̿߷˳ȥ˳һ粣ȵߣ
ȴһġ
ֱ̿ƶǽź⣬ɱȻ޿ɱܡ
һоʮɲǡ
ɲʱ˵˹ĻУŰ÷
Ѫѡ粵˹ǰһ͸ؿڡ
ͷһƬհףֽŶýӲסˡ
˾ѾӦ˹ŭغţɱЩ̿׺ݵزһ𣬵⽣ӰѪɡ
ΧһжԹ˵·һ㱡Ĥ뿪ˣֻ粡
Ϊʲô粣޷סԼǲģ˻ƵɵϣΪʲôҪô
粵۾е·ҹɫʣ͵͵صˣҺܶ࣬ңЩ꣬㹻أһֱܸм㡣
ñʪģ粵Ѫݵر·ܰס
ҲҪмң粡粣֪ģҲҪ
Ķޣ֧飺ҲãҸ࣬ˣ㡭
ҲҪ㻹ʹÿҪѿˣҵؽţԸǷңһӶҪ粣뿪ҡ㣬뿪ң
ӵ۾
粡粣뿪ң䱧粣Լؿڣذ
Ȼûٻش
Թ˼䲻ͷ
һһصĴѩС
һ䶼ûһĶ죬ô䣬䳹顣
һֻһӣȻȨ£ϣһֱǹ¶ġ

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 2 

ͷѣ·еԺнţһƬңƬųһסͷٵشϢš
µ˳ӹɱ̵üۡ
̧ͷһƬãȻһʱκηӦ
һý˹ѹ令󣬳磬һ⣬նˡ
Ѫ罦úܸߣһ˵ͷ­µµعԶ
ӵһֻĸоһ£ճģ쵽ǰһֶѪ
ԡ
ķ紵Ҷ죬ɽеϮ͸
ȫĺëΪʲôôСĵضԼֿһֵͷȥԼ
̶̵ȣĸͷĪԼǽں֮ͯ
ֱ𾪡
ִ±ȨĴ˾Ǹߴǿ佫ôӣ
ղǸ˵ϥڹǰĵС𷣣˵Ĳᣬǿȥɡ
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ʮһĹʧȥ۰ĸףʹӣų¾ֱ®ݣսǰŭʸס
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粡૵Һ̫ˣԲ𡣡
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ʼ游׳ԭǿʳĳȴһŨŨʹ֮С
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Щĵ;ͷˡǸǰѾˣȫظһ顣
ԽԽˣ¥ϹҵʬҡҡλΣĺɫԵùҡ
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俴˿Ȼ͡һˡ
ǸòӢθߴԺЩŹŮ˼ɣ֮赣ԡ粵䣬ʲôء
ôţȻͷ˿ԼڵС壬ˡ
ѾһļƻССͣʺϡִһȣԳ¾ߣȥ尲
尲ǣ޾֮ڣһɫǵŮڵ
һٴ

ʼѵ׷ọ́ѵġ߾Ϊһͬᡣ

 3 

ƽµĹվڴſڣǰǸСС꣬üͷ֣ƽܿĵطȥ
Ǻһ糾͡ڣȻ֫ͦñֱϵɫ֣ݿִһ˵ĸ߰
Ϊ̣®ݶݼĸƽˣΪͨǺӵ
µ￩һ¡
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꣬һСѾߴҴҵ˳µϵǶߵźӣң²һ
ӣҼԳ̵СС꣬һڣٵصСū
ڵǰһӣҹ·
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۵ĸǽЩͷˣ΢΢طŻƣʱڣǽͷ֦Ҷӳ߲Ӱӡ
վԼزһգǽбӰˣǾ续
ǰһӣҵǰ˸ãСİѿ˸ˡ
Ϸ˵ŮƽΨһճĹ粣޾ƹɫϧӼƽˣҲѼһ档
½ճ·Ļ͵͵̧ۿһ粣޹棬˲ɱӣѾһ롣
粶ǹֱƹʯףСС΢΢һЦҵı𣿶ôˣԭδء
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粼һϳɵģȻδѣһݿȥǶꡣ
Σʹϧҽĸ׵żء
粽ȥˡ
»عӹµһתȥƽĹ檴ͨ籨ˡ
ǰţŸҿıӰ
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ץǷӡ£ȵ˺ѷΣ粻æȥڴߣؿڡ
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ϱ˶еԺˣԼ⻰ȴȻ˹̣ӣ
ӦһȥϵĴǰ
֣ͷĸⲡһյˣɣ㲻Ҫ˵ЩĻĸ㣬ֻлϲһѪ棬¼ˣҲܰˡ
ס죬ҿ޳ֺۿͣȥò
ϿŹ䣬˾ֳԼĹذǻ֮飬̲ס᣺㸸ȥʱʲôΣʲô£
˵ճЩ״ҵˣ˵ֻܺصʱҵúܣ®ݱΧ£󣬸סֳ嶼ӭУϧǰˡ
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һֱ̧ϣĿУҼ׵ʱѾˣȥǰץҵ֣ҵ尲ҹĸ˵л֮ԼֳȥˣһˣҲˣֳлԼҴΪ£ĸȫ
ǰԭӣԽ͵ϣһĹϵ˵𷽲ЩȻֱ׳缸ķˣкβɣ
Ļһ˵꣬˶Щ
˿ʼƭ飬Ⱥڶĺ޳ܾˡ

 4 

粲ѡ
ȥʱר尲ݼϣƽСס˰£ʾ֮磬˫ȫӢšѾ϶ˣ
˭֪һתȴΡдҡҡ׹ӣæס
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ϵĿУ®ǰ塢ţȻǰˣӵҲޱȵģδز鹣οֳУϲɹ
ʶֻһ˾ϣһشһᶨصģ㸸׼дԣĸԻΪ
粣дŲɲİ֮⣺粣Σ
вܲð̼㰧ѯθҲӡ
粴Ůĸ׷Ը
ˣ粣ȥ㸸׽й
ƽ谮Ĺ檴ϣϲ£ȴһ涼̽ӹɼһߡ
ǿűˣȰĸ׻ϢЩˣٺ͸˵Ҳ٣ܽ˴£Ҳһʱ
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粺ᣬȥˡ
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ףĸӣǰձ˵Щ̫ãͲ𣿡
̾Ǹ׺ģ㿴ҺĸһҪ֣ǰԩɣţҲǼܿΪãúչʲôҪܺ㴾˵ᰲźһеġ
һȥˣ粴ıӰβᣬȥˡ
Ͻ䣬Ȼûιȥ˿̵һֲ̫ĺΣ粻Ҫַá
ľսطסϡ
ϵ粣̣
俴һۣԹԵߵǰ
ϵߣϣĬĬ
ҪһŮ֣ϧѾûˣ粣ǿóܡ
һɵķ壬ʱ͸ˮϾѵõƷӲ
˵ժ壬ݸ˹䡣
̬Ȼ˿ԣֻ׵ıܶѣûа֮⣬֣Ϊ˿ο֮Ķѡ
ӹǷ壬ƺϵϢ㡣ץýġ
΢ŮֶźүѾ׿Ӧˣ̣ԴΪҾԼҪúõġ
粺͹һڵء
ڷһ˿ЦݣҲ֧Ųס˹ȥ

Сףƭɹ˾ˣڵģҡ
ʱ򣬹Сʮһ꣬粽ʮ꣬ŮשðСʮꡣ

 5 

ˮεδôڽ£ʪ͸һӰ
߹޼ںС¯ϣҩ๾ð
¯ӰҩСϣ΢΢ҡ¯ӳĨ֬һ㣬޲ɷ
һ߿̵ġķˣüۺˮӣ죬һûܼ
粽㡣ܾǰˣֻǰԸʼѰᣬڿԺƤг˿ڡ
ţ粿˹һۡ
粽㡣صҽˣǸصӺһȢ㣬úչ㣬ֻҪڣϲܰࡣ
˼Ҳ̲סЦˣԴСӼҼң˵Щ治ء
ű˹ͷǰգҲСѾʮˣܿܳˣ㲻ҪҵСӿ
ǸѾʰˣһɾѣճʱǱʮֿ㣬δȥͯԲһԼĳ
ĿξˮŨ΢죬ӹɣǶĹذǻ֮顣
粵һӱʮ΢΢Цðɣ㣬ܽǸжӣȴСչ˲ңչɡ
ͷ˿ԼΪʲôô粶һͷǽ˸γϣ̫ѹˡ
˵ˣչģȥƺҲһءôţֶ۾粣粽㣬СֳԺҡɺã
ǽΪȡСĸ֮⣬ֻӳ̩
ȻӦʣõģ
ǻϲеߣǺˡ
粰ҩ֣Ŷ˽ȥ
Ϸҩֻ˯˹ȥѵʱѾԽԽˡ
ĬĬϵĴͷȻĬĬ粵ߡ
һӣͷ˵һȣôˣ
һŮӣң˵ʲôĸˣҹ̽һ£ӦõСֵʲô
˽
ǴϵŮֻС˰꣬ǻ֦չͣ߶䣬廷֮δǰ˱Ƕ
ӭȥˣĸո˯ȥþȺҵȲɡ
̽ĸģԿһ£ӣ˵»¾ͳȥˡ
ͷů粷Ըӣҷ
ҲϵĲΡҩΡΣԴУֻ˵æڸ񣬲صǰ̽ӡ
Ӻ֪⣬Ҳʵлһ
һ۾һת֮ɫʵ˵иѣȴ֪ѱΣһӳ죿
ѣɫ԰ףָЩ΢΢ηѣδ
Ĭһ£ѹ˹ҵĳ̱ܣ㡣
俴粵ϣһҾá
ܶˡ㣬˵ĸҪתСܣ֪Ǽ٣
⻰ʵú粶˲豭Сһڣش
ȴһصȻģԼ£Ϸԡ
粲Ǻˣ
еص粽㣬û°ɣ
⣬΢Цŵģף˱䣬պεȷ⣬һϦѣ޼ҿɹ飬Ȼ㣬һˣƽϲһڷҷġ
ʮ̶ִв豭һۣģĸ׵ֶףպԻչùġ
شһԼ죬յصϣǲ˵ʲôˣ׾ͳ˵޳Ǹһ棬˵ûִ磬ңҼƽϡ
ƤӺģҲΣ㻰࣬˵ͺá
ʵ̣Ļϲ
Ȼĸϵó裬սĲۣ˵Ǹòȵѹסּ
ԭս㻹һۺĺ£ȴƶ˵˳һͥСƨʱ˶̲סҪЦϽͰ͵عˡ
ֿˣ㣬״⣬ʵҫ֮鶼дϣ˵ҽչ̽ĸ׵ģϣĲתҵǰ͸Ȣҹأԭ᲻õģҪȽ˲źֵңĸ׵Ĳһֱţɲǵ˽Ļ֮ڡ
ҵĴƽһ顣
ҵĳŮǵԪʵ۵ĻʺλʺΨһֵܾ֮òڡٷ֮ˣУҲ˿ġ
ʵԴӶ֮һֱ䲻ȵģûŴ߼֮˵Ⲣڽǰ԰һ
˵ֱ֪µͷ˵üǣĸĲҾͿͰ粽ˡ
̲סһָͷڹĶͷϣ㹻ˣҲ˵ɣ˵ͷۡ
Ŷͷ޲£ʵҲ˵ˡ
ϵкøжұܣδǻʺĵܵܣ˵ĶӣպѴңܼһЩǮеģü⡣
¹ٴҲı֮⣬һ̵ۣصҵĹôǵֻΪµһһŮá
ҵɾ˼ҵĵӡ
ǿˣҺεȵŵڣǼҵĵȢһŮΪޣĪȥ̣ǿίˣʵأݣҸƷٻ˼ҵӣδˡ
ƽƷһ޷ءʵȨǵٺ»άϵĹʣȨ尲ǺŲλ⻰˵ԭҲû
ɫƿС˵ʲôأҪ޸޵ģҡҡҿҵĵŮ


 6 

֮ԱǣǰʱȻйԼ֪֮ιʣ˵Ҫףϣϵ粼޸֮󣬹Ŀ£ǿѹȢ
ԣ˵ף䣬޲ȥأǶˡ
ţ߳ŭˣһӣڵվ
ŵȻǴģȴɸĸ£Ҳǵճԭһҹ⣬ôֱ𡣡
ԼǼ־;ۣɫ粽⻰˵òף׵׸ٳɻ
̣㡭ģɫ࣬Ҫ
Įȴһɼ֮⣺ãĸڲУҪɴ£Ȼȥɡ
ϪԺϾϵĵ̣Ҳùֽݣ߷ߵص˹һۣˡ
俴ıӰһ㣬òªֲλӵ治ãȻŮӶ£ǽ˷ѽ⡣
ƽĶۣòĸΪƣüĿзޣǣڹУԼ粣ŮӶڡòª֮ˡ
ӣʰߣԴͣǣ˵üǣҵĹҲΣȥǸӣ벻ԭǸӲʹġԴҶԺ󣬴ıӶϵģҲ뿴ڷ£⣬Ҳ̧ͷӵģĸŮ塣
üͷ΢壺ӣңǲҹˣӵ飬Ժҷģȥ
ӣͷԴȥˡ
粶Źº͵ص㻤ҵ⣬Һܸмպвˡƫģ⸮оŴרУãδغù
գգ۾粽㣬αعȢ㣬ȻҪһؼȥһõһУƽʲôأαҪɫ
ǣѾɢˡ粲Ψִ̼ܣֻεص㻹СҪȢңҪȺܶء
Ȼ¶Ȼı飺粽㣬ǲңͱСûˣô϶кܶ˰Ľ㣬ԼǿĿġ
⺢ӵòüãü䣬һɫ⻪ŨƺǱκʱее֡
֪װģĻһͿû㣬ʲô㳤ˣ㻹̫ء
ϵҲһǵҳˣ粽Ը޸𣿡
СԣҪǳһӦ˵Ҫˡ
ֻúԹԵĲҪ֣㳤ˣҾͼ޸㣬ô
ãڵõ׿һŵϲݡ
ͷ˿Լ壬һзźʲôʱԳ󰡣

ھ̨ǰŮСذѻŷ۵Ĩϣеܣ˵ǹдطפ֮ЧÿնҪġ
ѮȥȻˣϪԺϣʱȻӣȴ걯˥ܡ뼰˽ڣе֡
ʱСŮˣһ˵ģ
Ҳ˵֣ŮҲһ۷ۡ
촾϶˹
𿪣⺢ӣëëŵģ䵽ˣۿǼصġ
ס˷ȭ㶼ˣҲܣϽиװҵǸСؤϳȥ̫ˣǼ磬֪Ȥ֪֪ƽ˭ڵ
ϺϾ˵ʲôɵأıܣдţ˼˵׸ơ侮ʯ֮
ɴ۾Ϳ˰ɣô˵ֻ
ϰŮһۣô˵ģŲ㣿ҿûкͿҾǶԺүô˵ģүǸСϴ򷢳ȥҺ˵˵Ȱס
Ϊʲô
ϿզզŮ̾㣬
Ťͷȥһش
㿴˲ţԭң˲Ф룬ҰˣˣŰɣֻҪٹգ׵ˣѺĴŶˡ
ӣˣʲôҵĶӣʲôԽȥ
ЦһǾ֮ܣմ׺ͽĹ⣬Լ廨ͷˣֵܲһᡣ尲Уɫɶȥˣ벻뿴޵ñã
ͷҡúͲ˹Ƶġ
ѽҲҪҵǸСסϳ˸ĸ֮ǰ˳δ˾ûͷ
Ȼ򣺡ŶҲԣʱҪ޸Ǹ仧ҿô
ڿϣԭ㸸׵˼Ҫͽ᳤¡ɴˣѰȥҡ
ϻû˵꣬ԾŴͣɴˣҼǵ͸׺ͰɣĹӶȢˣȢ㣿Ҳã
˼һûأ㸸Լôĥţòɴ˶ûоܾĵأţ޹ȥˣòɴ˶ȻǵƣԺ⸮ﻹܺʹǰһ𣿡
ԡ
˺һ࣬㸸ǸҪӵˣұȰסˡҾʱҪģҵţѰᣬС쵰Ͱһȥǵʱ򳪸棬һϽҪǲ˼ء
ϹȻģȴһѹڴϵͷϣڻۿˣҲˣҲʱôʰµŮϺ޺޵ţ¶ΪĵЦݡ
۷ۣѾˣװ׵һƣЦƶŤˣ'µ
̫ˣĿ͵͵ر



 7 

ºվ徣ȥʱѾֻץŮֶ֣۾úܴ
棬ĸ׷ģһúչ˱ܣˣϲҺˡ
ۣȴޱȣϵĸһᱣ粽㣬κ۸ҰңһһӶá
ϵ΢΢¶һ˿Цݣ۾
ʧʹޣεȥ
ѶԿۣοŮ䣬Ҳˣ˦ְϵɥ¶˴ϡ
ôˣ˳ͷ֮գһʱˬҲذһӦ񶼲ٰ
㸲¤֣֮յΪ˱ӣ󶼲ҵţƽҲδţҲǸϱ˹ľãҲûʲôˡ
壬µŮ֪Ҳ㣬͸Ѱ˽ˡֻйһֱ
ſڹᦶֽǮĻҽƮȥ
粹ϵǰ˼Щˡ
ȻųಡƽȴΨһһȥټأ精ãȻ鸽ǻ̿֡Ǳˣôֹס
ģУ˰һС
ĶСģ˵֮飺粽㣬ᣬˣٿȥ۾ҪˣĸϿأѹˡ
粽ӹӣס죬ɤӶѾ˻ˣţĸ׺úݵģˣҵ˶ûˡ
㻹ң粽㣬㿴ҡ
յ粵ǰ̧ͷ
粿ԼӰӳͬɫ꣬һСС
֪һС㲻ңұ֤һΪΪڷ絲꣬һƽϲ֣粽㣬ȵҡҳ󣬺𣿡
վͱ粸ˣſ˫֣е㺦ߵصҿԸ㿿һ
һ£΢΢Ц΢Цģͬеĺģôˣл㣬ӽֻܱ˴໥ˡ
Ը⿿أͷ˿ԼС壬Ƿǳɥ
ã˿ʱȻֹˡ?ǿһŵĸװŨޣһ״ͷ棬Ӷ죬ͷһֻȸҡһŰɫȸڴĲҡҷȻȥɫģȴʧŮĽ̬֮
е۾մ֭ˮϾͺ۾ߵߣҲˣĸףôôˣŮûüТء
в죬ȴﻹġ
ϣеĴܼҽˣһλĹǰݼϡ
ǹʱòڣֹݽ󣬹ܼһӡԭҵĴδӵĵĸݼҲǳ
䲻мؿһۣѹͰ͵ܹˣԭλӵġ
ظ㡣
͵͵Ƶߣεεصлʢ飬ĸȻʮģʵ
ϵʵڹŨˣɫ˺
粡
ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷӣҹ챯˹ȣվվ̫ȵˣӣҵĲʩ˸
лӡ
磬Ȼ滨֮δİ¶
۲ѣҪǰ§кúøο֪»ܣֻɤӣº͵ĸݺȥʱڼɾʹﻹҪأвɹˣ壬ĸ֮鲻ʧТ
ĽѾãߵĵزϧҵı֣ʹޡ
ִɿҹҹ£һͷȥ˸ףƸҵţȻȢΪޣôһϵ˵Ҳһˣο塣
ȴͻȻ겻⣬ʣˣĵһ͸Ͻ̽ˡ
һԿӣˡ
һڵĻй䣬صؿһӲؼм䣬飺ǰջأĸȥˣҪ˰οá
ɫδףһʵСֵܲҪ˵˹ɲáλ
ѵһκ͹䱣Ĭһ£ӿڵλҵĳ̱ܣĸ׹ǰոհѶ
סˡ
һۡ
粵ɫģ׵ʹ˲ԡ
ô״ܵģֻǳһ£Цҵıܣԭ֪λܿȥҲһ˲ţҺˣСȴޱ䣬ѴѰңһԾౡ֮⡣
ӣ޳кοɾ壬ɫ˫ˣСܹܵġЦģûаѹϡ
粼޸̾ıܣӵķϣҲӦղǣΪʮܵϾʹ˼ֵɫ
ԭùţС£˵棬æ³
ȻʮֿԴǿеؿοһ
ӽǳϣһ𶧡óһУϣ˵۾ȴ粡
ǹеĻʺǰЩʹģֻϲΣʹ˵׹ǵЧȻǿˣҲѵõġŲĸȥﶨȻʮְУ˼Ҫô̲źá
⻰˵ӽʵϡãŶԾˡ
ǿЦһ£ӴԼǿˣ˲͸İɡ
һۣص̬󣬵һЩźãòҿģҪһ
㡭۾ĺˣҪޡ
ЦҲϣ֪νȥ
ɫĮˣôصܲȥɡ
Ҳĵֻۣ˿粷
ֽһѽӹǽУֱУϸ£˲Σºú̲̲Ǹ⸣ԽԽõġ
죬ۡһ˳нץǽвţתܽȥˡ



 8 

պᣬҲֻ粺͹һȥС꣬ģɽԶ죬ľ
粿޵һһΣɤӶ˺ˣȳѪ˿
ӣҺͷ֣һСһɽ·ţԼײײġ䲻ģԼȥ粣ʱڣҲ˲Ůܲˡ
ϰ䣬Сȴһַ粡һΪɡǣ˰ˣ߲Žšֵģ̫ˣһֽŶòԼˣϻˮ˸͸
ĵϣͷˡ
ҹڴϣԴͣһһȵģ뾪粣˱ӣҧǿţ̵˰Ե״̬˶ġ
ҹ䣬ķƺ
֪˶ãԼ粵ڽػ
Ŭѹһجε̶У˰Ҳճġ
һֻĶͷһ£绨һ㣬ôôۡ
һ飬͵شѳ۾
精ݾǰô伸ˡ
ü򭣺ôѹˣյأ⺢ӣյЩɵˡ
˵ſڡһͻʹ۽Ƕ߳СỨ
粿ۣ̲סͷˣԹԵţҪҲҪ˵ˣ˵˺֮尲ˮཻӣòأɵӣҲ˵һһҹԺɲˡ
ϣһԼգ۾粡
ϧתͷȥӣҵŰҩȺأ
ӣҳȥҩ˽
ŵǹŨŨĿζ֪䶯굽˱ȥ˶
粺ֺЦѱӸһ㣬¶СԴ
ôˣ㲻³ҩɡ
С³Կ࣬ԭҩʱҪĸǧſϣżһα˺躿ˣĸײȻŭ˶һƨɣԺ󣬹ڳҩʹ
΢ؿŹȥͺܿ࣬Ҳԣû£ȵˮͺˡ
粼ֱˣһ룬ιɺã
ջе󣬹ˣյüͷ
ٽ÷ӵ۽ĺܺóԣҩҸһš
ģջˡ
˵ͷ
ӣҷŹ
Ҩҩһһڵιȡ
̫ˣˡǣŰ粽ι·ִһۣǹŹֵζűȥˣҲʮּѡ
ҩһɵСӹһ÷ӳ
ſ죬һ㣬ƺָˣźǹӺڿУ᲻ҧȥ
һ죬ȹҩһ󺹣ȶȿʼȥˣֹ˿ʾӵʼãӦûд󰭣ֻҪû㰾ȥˡ
˺󣬹ְͷȥصˣûˣ粽߰ɣҪˡ
ӣһشԼյɵˣԭϲŶﰡôҪߡ
һ㱻ӣ¶۾߷ߵص˵ɵء
ŵ϶Ǻģ°粽ңҪȥԡһ¡
һ֣أɲȥԡҶѾŵˣţȻǺܳ
伸Ҫˡ
Ҳ㡣粵Ŀ´ʹʲôҪأǲǵ˵һչġ
˶ƮƮģ֪ͷˣʲôԵʡ
ϣ粺ӣҾ˯ڹ䡣
ҹι䣬Ķͷ
ԺЩѣ˯Ժġ
粿ʱʵ֪ģŵϵ÷һζ˺ܶܶ꣬һֱƲȥ
ԶҪͺá

̫ˣӴ͸ڴϣů
˹죬Ѿɶˡ
ܰ粳ȥˣźҲ֪ܵȥˡ
Լ̵ش·Ų´ȥ
ߵ棬΢΢شˬζ
סĵطǽϪԺһƫƽϪԺܻᾭһ˶ûУеˡ
ϪԺǱԼִĳͷһ˹ȥ
ԺӣŷϪԺе˶ֺͷϵıͬ顢Įֻвͬ
ӣҵر󣬴ͷ˳̫ˣǷ˺Ͷľƾʲôߣ
䲦ȺϽȥ


 9 

棬ĸ׳͸ͷһصӣҹ⻰˵òˣǲǷ֮ԺӣôǸˡȥˣһסôԺӣҲģ绻СĵطһＷմգ֡
Ϲһࡱ֣⸮зˣƺΪˡ
סϪԺ˵լӣλúͷ羰Ǹõģ۲ˣһߣȲҪסϾͻ˵͸ϪԺǰˡ
ɫ԰ףվߵǸ͸ǰؿ
ǰŮ̫ʢ⻪֮ˣɱӡ
͸һԲλĸоԾصͷ𷽲ŵ档
ĸ׵ԺӣѾȥˣҲһĵ̿Ⱦָġ粵ģǸҳȥҵϪԺݲЩ̤֮㡣
͸ϼٵЦ⣺ﲻҪŭαغЩ˼ƽϣҲǷӵķԸ£ʱʰǽкԺǿҪ˹ᶫˣǳ׼ɡ
÷ζҪըˣķˣԭҹӣ޲ץһ١
߹ȥ粵ǰ棬ָſڣǼ͸ȵϹȥ
͸һȻס˱ӣϣˣǴС󣬻ˡ
ʡûԡˣζ˱ǣˢһǵͨ죬ŭȭͷҪ֡
粵ذڹļϣסˡ
ôˣˣɻа
תͷȥ粣粽㣬ڶ⼸񸾣ɱǡ
⺢ӣ˿̶üĿһɷ
һ¡
ѴɱɱĹߣ˵ʧݡ
Σֻܺݺݵص͸һۡ
ͬһ㣬ۡ
Ǽ͸飬һӻˣҾ໥һۣС˳ȥ
͸һߣϲغ˺üԶԶģͰ͵ص粽̫СѬˡ
΢΢Ц
ǵģǳˣǣȥֿɰͷʱֻΪͷȻǸûõĺӣȴʵůġ
С棬ˣȥԡһ£ΪôЩ졣
䵣ĵص粽㣬ȥδ㣿ѵЩ˰Ժϳȥ𣿲߰ɣҴؼȥԺû˸۸㡣
ȻʧЦߣܵȥأɵӡ
ܣĿⱯˣĸ׺סĵط·ĸ׻￴һ㣬ôء
Ƿŭۣҵĺù˸ߣǸ˾͸Ӹô찡첻ۣС˲־
ĪҪżȥҸۣ˱飬ֻǴŸ˽ţվǸġ
粽ִŹȥԡԼȥѰˡ
ȥˣ˵Ǻү˵Ժüͷ΢塣
˴ǱߣȻڣԱЦӯӯ˵Ż
粽ӭ⵹ϡͣôˣ⺢ӣƽҶ֣Ҫ㶼֪ô죬
粲źۼرܿ˴ֻ֣һףתһס
ǴȰ棺⼸쿴ȥˣ֪ģҲҪϧԼ塣
л׹ذɫȻ˹ȥ˵ҪҸϳϪԺҾ֪ǺεѶһ
Ŷ鰡ݣЩ˰ºͿԼû˵ףϪԺԭסĵطڳĸҲӦġҰᵽͷźȥͺţǽҲи顣
侲Ҳ׾ˣĸ˵ʲôĸ׸ոչļĸ
һ죬һ
Ͻ欵߹ִļϣһۣĿд֮ɫý̶֪үҪҷϼ죬Ҿ˳ļĸˡ
粻ֻŵصĸʬδҪֱ
Ǹ֮ˣȷ˼飬ԼĸףüʣȴĻ˵
Ƥٺ񣬱ţҲ߳ŭƽҴҵ⸮ôûеҵĸԭҲǹٻ˼ҵĺŮô꣬ΪŮּҲͣΪޣкβףѵҪŮͬų𣿰粣ҿСǸĺӣôô֪
үϢŭԭ㣬⺢ǸģܹſģպһúģӾˣȻ׽ˣҲһʱ
ŭδϢĴϵ֣ǸģίˣӲ£ԺĸˣҪǡ
ֽһƬ޻˵תҪȥ
ȴְ粽סˡ
ˣ粣Ҽǵĸһֻӣǵ޹ʱĸģԭҴϱƷȥȡĸ
粲Ըͷٿһۣվһҧס촽Ѫҧ˳ڿȡ
üͷ粣Һ˵أû𣿡
Цģߵ粵󣺡Ҳ鷳ٽһˣںһȥȡɡ
һ£ס죬˳ȥ
صϪԺǴ˸˽°̧ø߸ߵģһֵӡ
ӷأóɡ
һסŽŵӣңԼԭϵķȥȡһķĳϻ
ϻӷϣһֻӣӨγͬˮһ㣬Ŵı⡣
ѾûˣǴϴĶϡءϼżΣȵòУţˣϲʤ˹
Ұɡ
óӣ˹ȥûȴϽסȻɿ֡
죬öȴѴϵĶʹˡ
ӵ˵ϣΣм紺ˮ
㣡ָ粣ָڲ۵üҪᡣ
ԲסʧˣûúáĿޱص


 10 

ڶ˲סؽеӣôĵӣôصĶҲңţͷҽкү㡣
ЦãҵţȥǰҴˣҲԸˡ
ɫֶ࣬ӣǰһ粵ǰݺݵصŴϡ
ߵ͸ӡ
ϺȻ侲֣ƽϢһºǹһ˿ЦݣðɣҲ񣬺죬Ҫĸסˣеʱúõ'㣬ۿŰɣҿܵʱܲӲ
޺޵һ˦ӣߣ

ԡϣΪѾˣܸ˵ܹȴڴߴᡣ
粽㣬ôˣΪۡ
粼æͷȥۣصûʲôֻ˼ĸˡ
ӣߣ粵Ͳһžԭԭ˵һ顣
Ҳ˽Σݺ᣺ɱģǸˣƾʲôͷᲢۣǷǺεȽˣͲ¼޸ңô꣬ԺҪ衣
粱۾ǿŲǶȥɣһ˰شһ
Ͷ˶ֹĬ˳
淽ֺӣҲֻܳˣȽ£ü࿴ԡ
һԷֵ֣⼸ڸЩˣȥ߶߶
СԣȻǰģҲû˼˻֣ȥɡȥɣͷ
ߴϪԺ·ƽĺųȥˡ
˺ĺţ¾ϴӰǰСӣڳˣôˣ湻ûУҪҪȥˣ
ʲôȥҪסء
ķ˻᲻뿪ϪԺΪТҲã֮СϺͷ˳ףʱͷĭϼ꣬ˣٸԼʵݣǸĳˣ⼸ϣȻԭٽǹ˼ҵˡ
ԽԽԼٴˣ⣬¾ǱȴĿɿڴ
Сӣ˵ʲôƽҪסôãһֱװǸǲУǺεˣô𣬵£ȥ˵
Ҵס˳¾һۣ·ţǧ򲻿ҵ֪ҵݡ
¾ͷ򵥣ֻӦŵǣӷԸ
ˣȥҪȥĸ
ĹĸɲǸϣĿǰŮˣס尲ǵĻʹ֮С

ʮſ׵ɽɽ¯Ž㣬ӿ˿˿Ƶزʮؽɴ᣼䣬Ũ
ִ̫ڹ˵УȻѮˣ˫ֱʮϸ£ȥۻٵĹˡ
һŹ̫֣һΪָȾŷɻ֭ˮСҴ
̫ߵļŮʷС̫˼ҵСˣڹ
¤δӣĸӶǡ˹ӡ˵СӡȻֻһ
̫΢΢Ȼ˻ش˴ָף֣ôˣһ𣿡
ǵģֻСһˣûпү
ϽɣӣҪˡ
Ůʷȥ˰ΣŹˡ
ؾصظ̫񣺡̫򸣽𰲡
̫Լҹ⣬ض񣬿ɡģ˹ӿ
Ҳ͹ȥˡ
̫һۣɫǰʱ䣬˵㸸׶ҳˣ㵽尲ˣôҹĸ˵⺢Ҳǵģиҹĳ𣬲湻˾͸Ͻȥɣ㸸ǣҡ
䡰͡һǣңЦˣӶǣһҺ࿴ᣬǱܿΪãǼȢТɡ
˺躵ĶȻ࣬ӽľôһصҲôһ̫ȻҺαضС쵰
̫ϴȰ֣ںδţչˣ㻹Сһ棬¤ô̹ǲŮȥ㡣
ݾƽĸϣҷңչ˵ʮܵˡ
̫һյ裬һڣֶһ£ˮ˳ЦѹĸǺôĺӣķˣ˭ҵСϷ
Ŭӣҵķˣƽĸ׿ڴӦˡ
һ룬صٹ꣬ТҾҪȢؼˡ
̫һЦһԱߵļŮʷƽ˭ôû
˵ŮʷǸԨģ⾩ǴССĹټȨָƣϸ˼һǸƷϷƷȣʲôŴ󻧡
¤ǴԺ壬ڽĺһָڹ̫ǰȷʵҲû˼ҳƵǸŴ󻧡
Ůʷһ䣬λ˵Ǹɫģ⾩еŮ֮ȼģǣСӻϼء
̫׵Ȼ㶼˵ˣǴԼǸòĹɣ̧꣬ңŶչ˳Ҳûʲôġ
䲻ˣҵķˣĸ㲻Ҫ˵
£ô̫˵ģҲֻй˼Ҹˡ
̫Ϊ⣬ЦؿŹ䣬дջ֮⣺ԭǼҳҲĽٰˣαôȥ㸸˵ɺã
̫жһŮӽԪʵۣŮΪγʮ꣬൱
һȻҪ̫ˡ


 11 

㡭̫ҭסˣƤһ¡
Ůʷ̲סιôƯСӾȻ˵⻰ǲġ
ʮֻּĸ׺ҷģŽˣģܳ󡣡
̫Ȼ֪ȴǼģͽδԼҲֻǡˡ
κһˣ۸ڶĹ˺躼֮޵ȼɫΪˣѼеϤǲɢ෬󣬲ŰѽȢ˻ȥ
˺˸ײģҲֻнˣ̫Ľ֣˭֪Ľء? 
ֻ˵˼ҵˣʱȻ繣Ҳĺ
̫Ȼ˻һյᡣ
ֿڵĸǲиϲΣҼŰɡ
̫ǲʲôҪȻҽ˸ãǶ͵˼õģԼɲҳԡ
еʧȥҷõġ
һһˡģֱ̫ҪЦˣɴеĲ豭ʲôˣ㻽õ˳ڣ㣬㸸ͬûУûͬ⣬Ȣ˭㡣
һʱԸص¤Ҳԭ
Ī˵ڣǵǰʱ򣬹˺Ҳǲͬģڸ߰¤粵ݣֻ̣ʱȻˣбȨûӸ׵İţȢΪޣΪ˸ִһ
ֱʢ˾֮λ˺ֲˡ
ȴСû׵ԸʶҪȴʱһ㹻ʱ
䷳յץץͷҲŲҪͷأ֮Ѿ϶ҵķˣⱲӳ˭ҲҪ
ӣȤߣԼҪһӰɣ̫ĵš
ðɣҲ⻰ź㸸˵ȥҪǹ͵ʲôЩѪͻǺõģȥ
һ£սһ㣺ĸһм飬æ
̫΢΢ЦЦȴ۵ף˵ΪʲôˣڣԭǼ鼴أĸ㣬ʲôôأ
̫ţ˶ռԼĸӣ¸ɴصǷĸһ飬ĸƾֻһΡ
̫ˣƵصðɣĸܰϵģҪʲôܿڡ

ʱ򣬹ջصϪԺȥʱ򣬿粶鰸ǰд֡
ϦԴСĸӼ͸ϣͬˮһ۷ڣŨܵĽëƺĨһۡ
䲻ҴΨ־һˮīĻ
Сܵȥ̰ˣŻﻹأ㣬Ҫǹˡ
ӣҵɤŻô󣬺Ȼڹһ
ˣ˱ʣ̧΢΢һЦˡ
̻һЦ
̵ģķڵؼţָоá
粽㣬дʲôأ
˵ӣҵˣ߷ߵģү˴ĸ״öڷŮһٱ飬ǹˣ죬Ҫдôֶ֣ġ
վȻûʲôǶд֣Ȩˣ˶ˣء
תתû˵ʲôԹԵظȥԷˡ
ùţƽĴܼҽˣžɲɫ粵˹ͣүȥء
ʵʲôͣҳȥ
ܼҵҶġ
ǵϵ׵ܵܣεݣôȴˣҲ֪Ǹǻ
в죬¸Ŵܼҳȥˡ
ǰ͵ĴֻһˣݷͷϴŻƽȸڣȸɫ⣬ͬһ㣬ʶĿ
ŹģŮش˵ĺ档
Ц֪ݵδԶӭ̫ʧˡ
ȥĮֽ۾죬
˽ȥס
ȻһƵģϴվӭȥЦӯӯãˡ
˵ԼҲһ¡
Ѿȵ粵֣ϣĪˣģҼҽոЩѪͻǹõģɱͷǿˣϡ
ǱߵŮѾʮйˣȥ治١
Ȼɻ󣬵Ǹ󷽵ģϵЦº͵壺лذ粸м֪ǺԵܵ࣬Ϊҽ󡣡
һ͸ˣһԣ鳤㼸꣬Խͺãˣȥֵġ
ǸӣλȴǸģӹ̫ݲʹҪ׵һ·Ѿдʡ
ԭò֪ĸϷ˵걾ǹѣֻǸԳ֮أѾδˣǰգ֪˾ȻˣģҪãռˣҲźôûôһã
ǺӱֽڶԼҵĵŮԶںӱԷ˺ϵʲôϵ˭֪ء
治Ĳɷµģ粶סˡ
ԭˣҶлԷˣΪž飬ĸ׾Ȫ֮£ҲǸмġ
۾ת˹ȥվǱЦ˵ֻһưɫȴ˵ԺƽˣҪϳԭסԺӣ𣿡
粻δѾæؽӿڵ޴£֪ҥԣвţҷ˲ȥôһŮأôܻ۸
ﰵլôᴫô죬֪ˣĪǴ¹ڸߵ֮ʡ
粴Բ
ˣֻعЦУԭˣùúãҲͷˡպʲôѴֻңһ°æء
΢΢ףӦǣˣ粼ˡ


 12 

ֺ粺ãǧҪԺˣֱƳˣʩʩȻȥ
ҸŮһ֮粶صף£ȥˣٱŮûгء
æʲôŮ򣬲ٳˣûİ۾ȥЪϢɡУأסϪԺشٰˣĸڵط
ʱٲȻһȸ
̾ϢҲ˵ʲôһǣŮ֪ˣлס
粻ϪԺѷŵ˵ˣӣҺͷֽȸԾ
˫ֺʮհ˰ݣϵصǷ֮鱣Ŷܵùۣӷ𡣡
һ⣬͡
λԻʺȻǸģպķǸλã֧ˡ
ˡ״صҽϻպүҪǸҷ˼ѹ񡣡
ϡĸȴүҲû׷
һǸҪģô˹Ҳ˼Ц
ǸҪǵ˭Ǵϣ˼û˵ԼﴧĦ
ҡͷûκΣȥɣʱֻ˵Ҳˣ۲Ϊ
²У粽㣬㵽ʱһҪȥҸүһݴأ϶ϲ
Ĵȴϲġ
粵¾ҪӣǲҪ˵Ҫʲô
һӳȥԶԶغûˡˣҲ˳ɲ粽
׷ȥ㾿ʲô˵
ȴûܻԼˡ

³ţ󼪣˻ޡ
Ժſڹ˴мϲ
ȻܰᵽϪԺȥ˽Ժһ飬ոµļҾߣҲ˲ӣΣҲֻܱʾˡ
ͷЦˣƯȥͬҵĽһ㣬ɣͷõȼˡ
촽Ĩһõ֬򣬶žҹΣôˣòײŵȵ˽죬ɲúúôһ£游ĸĸҿΪˣ쿴֬ɫɻã
ɼҵŮĸǸó׾ͱĵĸ
ĸԭָܼ޸ͷӣû뵽ĸ·⼸굫м棬ĸûвԹġüˣڵĸǰ԰һѣжˡ
Цˡˣ游һҶѾˣŴѾȥӭˣҲȥɡ
СѾߵ֣Ť֫˳ȥ
ͷѾˣ֪кš
ӣ˵ҪͣʵҲû˼ǽ˼׹֤Ҫǣ˴ҵĸĸ
ڴҲǸˣԼŮܴƽޣȻϹʣ´ڷٲ⣬Ҳһ˹
ڴЦؿԼ֪Ҳʮ˰ɣƿд³Ӧ
֪òʣȴǸѧ廨ͷôڴôʣֱ飬ȴ˵ҵѧǺõģֹֻվˣĥ꣬ʱиΣԭһʱ
ڴ˴ЦáãǻЩ游ҲǸúӣҾͿˡ
֪ԭǼµνӣ˵游Ӧ®ҵϴˡ˿̣ڴѾԳ游ˣȫûҵ¡
ϳˣӯӯذݼԼҸĸҵĸλ׳
մ˴£Ӻڶܵȸ֦ȥʮָ
ڷƤЦⲻЦغһȥϵĸϸڴڷ˺ͷ͵͵Ĩᡣ
˸Ժѿһͷֱˣ׼ϯ
ܼһŻŵ˽̫ܵˣү̫˹ˡ
ٿȻˢվ
̫̫ô˹
ޱȣԼð˲ĸо
˻ûعѾˡЩҲȥӭӣֱӾͽ򸮵˴·ֱ͵á
һȺĹ˺ڼ࣬Ϊ׵һĿׯŮ١
һۣ΢΢ףýλ֪ռ˹Ůʷ̫߷̣Ƿ̫Ŀͣƽ˵һλؾš
ҵæߵŮʷǰ˽ԹףҴ
Ůʷص̫ȻӸλ񷨣Խִ磬ﳢԣҹ£ͳдվ֪ƽߣףʬδȴΪޣҸٳߵʵںš
£ʪ͸ѣ˵ֻߵͷ絷⡣
ɫҰףڵϣʱȴû˸ȥ
Ůʷޱ飬ߣҲƽ̣֮ƻͼԱΪ񷨣Ŀ̫⽫ȱС
һף˹ȥ
̲סһ˵ϴޡ
Ůʷͣһ£˿˵ķӦصȻ̫˴ȱ֮ˣ֮໳֮ģһΪ֮Чȡ
԰գ˺
ڼɤӺȵǻʲôˮѡ
ܼƨȥɿضһˮʱԥһ£ҧҧõ˴ϵͷϡ
õˣ˰Ͻ͡
ϴ˸£˹
Ůʷ΢΢һ̧
θĹ˹һһңŴϵĸ첲ѹһץס˴ϵͷͷ̧
ڼһҿݺݵŴϵ͡
žһһ··ϣڵϣ޲ðȥ
ϵĶ֪һŶȺ棬һ֨
ϾԴ죬ǻģǰڷȥһʱ֪ںδϦǺꡣ
ڼ಻شʮ£ͣס֡
˰ѴϷſˣͬһ㵹˵ϡ
ԭŨױ˿̣ˮױ۶廨ˣһװ׵ĺۼڴ֮Ѫεδʣֱͬһ㡣
ʵĴˡ
ʱǿԱģᱻݡƳʱ檾Ͳܱˣɷᱻ̡ļܿգܽκʱڡ

 13 

ŮʷˣԭŻʹϵģλ⣬˵ͷ̧˵ˡ
ڡڣ͵ߵͷ
Ϊ䣬Լˣвٳ˳š
ǡǡǣٸһٸҲˡ
Ůʷһ﹬˺ڼֺˡ
ŴӽӲ״̬нѳʼ˽
߸ϵĹ̫󾹻ܵƽլ֮£ֱǷ˼ˣֻ˵겻²֪ʲô˵˳ȥ䵽̫Сô˼ҵļɻ䣬˻ˡ
棬дڷǸ˵ģüɫˣ֪ӣȥûˣϣģⱾǺӣôŪˡ
˵ʱش
֪ÿŹȥѴϷҲͣǱȥˡ
ʧǵģλָ
ѶҴҴӺ
˵ƽ֮òгһ˲ͣȻɫ
粵ɫʵǵĮģ˽Ϊݹ壬ֻ˱Ӧߡ
Ѿôܼ˵ǰ飬Ҳ˵ǽ˷ȥ˵ؿ䣬ͷԸܼͿˡ
ЩǽտһϷּ˾ɫˣ㣬ȥԺԼǺ󻰣Ҷᡣ
粻صϪԺʱӣںԺ˵ǰͷ飬챻ߥȥã͵͵ضһԣͷβǳ֣˵ֱǻɫͺͳϷƵġ
ϪԺöŴ졣
Ĵȣ̫ʥݲңǴġ
粹ȥӣң˵ǶΧʲôɢԼĲʹȥ
ӣͷЦɢ
ڵΪ粴ӣȲʵ㿴ӱʲôӣ˵׵úͷƵģˣôûȥġ
粵صδ֣ô˵飬һǰۣҵҲÿôʲô
ֺӣҶһۣϱˡ
䱾ԱЦеģҲϽס
ͣ˽Ų˹һۣˣ㵱˵һݴ񣬾ʲô
һۣ·ת˾ޣ񶯵ҪѿڶʱӦ˹ҲûʲôұЩ񣬴ӵϯϣͷ˵Ҿˣʲô¶ûġ
粿ۣ־ԼˣôһĿӣʲôء
Ŀ˻̾Ϣһ֣飬Ҿ÷·ڰаƵģÿÿ֮ʣܻ·תʵеΡ
ĺСβͣ϶Ѿҡ÷ˣ޲ôк粽㣬Ұһᱣġ
˵رţǺˣܡ
ŷնصǿ϶Ƿϻأһ·йƣүҲǺģȻкڵ㡣
Զԡ̲ס粽㣬ģҵˣҶǣܰί
粱䶺Ц˴Ķͷ˭ˣСƤ治ء
䱻粴һ£Ŷͷ̵ġ

ڴϣ޵øγϣҲˣһʲôȥأҲǺúõ˼ҳֻΪںүͷӲ檣ôҪ衣
з꣬檵ͷһ㣬۾׳һߣʪʪģò
üͷȵСɲּ̫ܲ¶ҵֻлܣγԹԣ
һ£ɫԣдޣҲװǻ̬વصʧˣãۺүүôķϣˡ
˵ˣŨ⣬ԼĶҲǼٵģ̾һ㿴Ҳ㣬ȷʵҲˣһվɰɣﲻˣ⸮ͷǸûġ
ôûǲ̫ˣźԼҲ֪˹̫ǷͣⱲӶѲ˼檵ˡϴ󱯣ôֹס
Ҫٰο䣬ֽܼˡ
үͷˡ
һڿܼҾ;ĸη޲ðѹܼҵסȥ
ôˣôˣ
Ҳڵɴ۾Ȼɵٴ󣬴˿Ҳֻһ졣
ܼػȽ򶨣үʺﴫȥ¹ӵѾſںˡ
һ£ֻЦӣ϶ʲô£ʺĶУҪץȥѵһ
죡ͷѣŭһ
Ȼȥ
ʹܼң˿˵ʲô̬Σ
ܼãȻҡͷһ仰˵Ҳʲôߡ
룺ʺҵˣҺ֮Լʲô°ɡ
ںͷһ䣺ô˵ʺҲӦôǼǣôǰ粣
˴һۣҲҵ飬ȥ粽˳ȥ
ϪԺǱ˴ЩȻ
еصū޷˳˳ˮģ˵һڵ
Ҳ֣治ֱʡʺģкأ

һֻѩ׵Ĳ˹èʺϥϣʺһ֣è°ͣèһ£ġ
ʺĸסҵһ߶߶ţұͲͬҶף˵ŻߵͲ䣬Ǹ˵ǵŮ˭֪ģִֵˣҲ뵽⺢ӾȻǸյģź˵ϵԭҵĶΪˣתá
ʺصĸף˵㣬͸׶̫ŵܵˣ㲻֪صӣŵڣҹŮأǷҪң˵ȻܵܲʮǾͳºˣͰ͵ЩǷʲô
۵صҺγ뷨أܵܲԲˣڼҪȢ㸸׶ˣôȥҲ¶լԭȼһΣȷʵǸɫģҲѹֵܵǣǹ￴ȥľҿǱǿ
ʺһô˵ˣҪȥ˵㻻ã˼أ
ⲻˡ˶ŮЦȥͻһͻּɣ˻ϵĽԣҲݲҾܾˡ


 14 

ʺδÿɷһûһµèָͿĵޢǰɫƤëԵ÷ޡ
ĸ𼱣Ȼ˵òҷѾȥ빬ˣҿõܵߵĹ﾿ģʹҼöˣĸǾɫܵ޷Ƥǳ˼ķɫͷԺˣǰͷѾƸһΣοݲóҵøѰѹء
Ц˵ļǣ㿴֪ˡ
粵òӶһһģǰ۽ߵģҲë粵ĳѰǵȺŴĽǧΪסʶʮġ
꣬˹ͨҵĶѾڳ﹬ˡ
ʺȴǲغ˵żҳ磬һڹͷùš
Ȼŷ·һ㣬Թ˵ˣȥǸŮӽнɡ
ȥ粽ˡ
Ѿͷһʱȴʲô飬ֻƽع¸ʺ񣺡ʺǧꡣ
ʺббͬĽ˿ϣһСŮȡ
ͷ̧ҿ( ̧ͷ
üԶɽɫˮ̣ʤѩ촽ӣչ֮Ƕǡ
ʺˣʱҲΪ֮һϡ
͵͵ظôԭ˵Ǹõģ˰ɡ
ʺЦЦ֣Һúÿ㡣
ʺĿЩ֣еʪĸо粵ɨɨȥﲻֻ̫ߵʺߡ
ʺӣץס粵ָ֣
ϸ󻬣۵񻨰꣬·¾ͻڻƵġ
ʺʮ⣬תͷߵĹ˵˵䣬˹ȥˡ
ʺŷԸҸ粰ӣʹˡ
вմӣͦñֱԵ֫ϸһա
˰еͷº͵ѯһЩ£ƽڹЩʲôϹŮѧ߻εȵȡ
һһˣﲻ̬浾ݡ
ʺЦؿţȻһ䣺˵ԭҶ£ѾˣȻ˰ɣ
һʹ̹ܿȻػصһһܣĸ
˵˵ҵŹ£ͶøģǺӻСʮ꣬ڻԼһ˵Ϊ˵ʱο˵Ȩ֮ƣ㲻⺢ӣҲ̫ʵˡ
һֻίһЦ˵
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ԪͲʮ£Ӣ˲ʱ̳˹̫ĺòԭǸӢӣϾϣ·ˡ
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ʺЦȴ᣺֪ͺãΪ룬޲ý˾ڱº󹬣볼һ𳤰ңúڣǲһ׮ռŮòǣƹɫ檲Ҳ˽¹һۡ
Ը˵ȥŮн
粺ԭƫţʺûзöʱ˹˽ȥ
˵ۺޣ׹ڵأŮμ¡
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ͷ̧Ԫ۵ĵư
̧ͷ
۾üһ̧ˮ٣·ǽµ꣬С˫㡣
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ɫ԰ף˺ܿ˽Ԫ۵֣۾Բִ󣬷·ܵŵС¹
Ԫϧ֮ģʺ˵ƽҵŮҴǲãˣôҪƽ򡣡
˵𷣣ȴЦ⡣
ԱߵڼǸ֪ȤģǰһĵصĪƽŮϣԽ
ָקԼģ̬࣬ȴǱº񰮣ŮжȻŮѾ˼ң̷ǰˡ
ʺ˹صŮ˼ҵģδոˣǱҪ˼ҹŻˣô˵ҲǹټŮεεģպȻʥ콵٣ɲǺ𣿡
Ԫ۲Ǽɫ֮ˣ֮ӵǧɫҲ벻ۣ֪ΪνȻĶĸо
ϴܣҲΪ裬ʺô˵ţ׵ʺǣļˡ
ɫֽͬһ㣬ǽ촽ɫͬźۣЦĪ£պ㵱֪Ǹġ
ʺöŻˣһۣӣɫѿӲȥؽ빬¾ɺã
Ԫһ£粣ᣬҲ֪һʱãʺܵͰ˵İɡ
Ըڼࣺ¸ð˱㳵Ụ̊ȥ׼׼
ǡ
£ܾٲ˲ȥˡ
߽ԪĿ˵ıӰȥ󣬶ʺʺȻǸĵģá
ʺص檵ñ¿佱ֻų檵ĺãƽն檡
Ԫʺ֣޽ĳ﹬ޡ
ʺϲʤл¡
Ԫһͳȥˡ
ʵˣ˻Żŵشƫץסʺʵ⡢ôһ°
գǸ˶Ů߼ǲҪ׷ԡ

 15 

ʺüĿģȻǾɫһֱѰһŮˣջҪлĸˡ
ֱţʲô˼Ҹֻϵĳ谮Īɵˣ
ʺϴ֮ɫǼò̶һʱ䣬ݻǣʺˣŻϲţƽʱһ¶ѵÿһ棬ҲͰˣǰʱ䣬ҵĶ˶ıϻִƫ̻֣ҺͶ˶Ҫ֮ˡ
ĴܶʺΨһĺӣಡʺúһء
һ£òⲻҿʹá
ȼü֮Ҳ˲ˣֻҪϣʺأȰж˵ϣҷżǸ´ģܱϺöԸ
ǡôֵܽأԥԥġ
ʺЦʵ˵ˣôţܺͻŮ˲ɣƲԼֵܣܵǵ㱾£زסģɡ
˿Ůӣֻͷˡ

е˱㳵ͣƽĴǰ˶ˣӭſڡ
˷
粵ɫҰףӶҡҡ׹ģ
ӣҴ󾪣ôˣ
粲˵ˣӣҽȥˡ
жڼЦеضү˸ŮиˣڼҵźϢɡչ˹ˣһӦʳסв
ֱǴϵһڱˣϲ˵ĿİͰˣǡǣȻл㡣
һӵݹȥڼȴӡ
Ԫ۽յӣŮǼģһλڼͽᶼӣǶּ˼䣬ҪƮȥˡ
ڼŹ˻ȥԺȲܵϪԺѯŮ
粣빬ʲôΣǹ˵ģϺǿ㣬˵ʱ빬
粲ܸôʣֻĿޱ飬ս죬һԲ
ڨڨģҲҶ粷ˣֻܴˣһٶϪԺҪú÷̶жȱ˵ȥ
ӣҺͷȥǸ£粵ɫܲԣҲҿڡ
ȥصǶȥ
ӣҺͷָϽȥˡ
ȴߣĬվ
Ҳȥ粵һʣһ˴ţҡ
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СС꣬רעɫįˡ
Ҳ̲סִ˹һ£˵ʲô˭Ỷϲ
ݺݵҧҧ촽ҪҧѪѹ俴ۼˡ
ʲô˵ٺǸ檣װ׵һˣ裬һ
񣬵ȴ͸Ÿ֮⣬üĿȻѩߡ
ǰʱİѩУ飬˵ΥȻ精ԸΪ̣˶䣬һ
˲²˹ģôأϸñģ֮
¹һֻأ䵱ʱҲûиı
ͷ˵üǣʲôŲϡأ粽ģҪʺ䡭ԡԣ˵ˣ»ʵ۸ʺҲȥʲôöҵúܣǸʵ۵λûǿ¤ġ
⻰ֱ治ˣҺûˣ粻һһʱģ죬⻰˵ģǱˣɱͷ⺢̫ˣԺвˡ
ðɣҴˣԺ󲻸ˡԲԵطš
粵ǰԼСģװˡ
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˵ô飬ȴȥˣһʱ֪ǸЦҧ촽ýżһ¡
Ϲ˵ˣأ֡
õؽһš
գգ۾ܣֲ˵𣬹ĸ֮黤أһ·йҾ÷˵úܶԣ粽㣬ҷſģָһ㣬óֻ龪һú¡
ڱЦ۽ǻѧָˣܺãССѾֺ֪ŪˣȻдϢġ
һµ˳ȥһһߵ粽㣬һҪң˵ûƭġ

Ԫ鷿ĲɵۣǰȻֳָŮľգģеǰˡ
Ѿڼܹܵ¸ּ⣬պŮ빬Ϊˣһ룬־òףյʱҲ̫ˣΪգľɫ˵Ҳ˵㣬ߪΪݻġ
Ԫ۸ţ˼ۣѵ¸˽ּ
ϵ¸ˣȴֶԽԪ۵£¤֮ӹڰţʱǷ٣
Ԫһüͷ
Ծ˸˺躵ĸʮָӡ˺رȨ죬ֽܻԪӺǻΪʣ˵Ԫ۶ӦǸмġ
ǣ˺躾һɽεѹ˽Ԫ۵ͷϣưרϣѽԪ۷УԪη绢Ҷ˺躵־ݣԳ̫Ȥ⳯þǹ˼ҵˡ
Ԫ۲˼ҵκˣ䣬ֲùõȣֻܰ
Ƭ̣¸Źˡ
¸ɺϺһͷ޲ˣ˹ӣϵء
Ԫۼ״ʮֲãūūĹǡ


 16 

侶ֱ鷿߸ߵżߵԪ۵鰸ǰĸͷߣԪúƽš
ССǸ߰ǣĿ񣬽ԪһüͷСӣһᡣ
Ź̫ǿģΪǱϾĹĸŽԪۣûʲôˣֱ˵صҵĶҵķˣзǷ֮롣
Ԫһ£ŷӦ˵ʲô˼̲ס͡ЦˣòмĿ⿴Źµĳλ̵صķˣ㣬ëûУ
ˣŭĪСձȻǿϰٱ㣬Ĳܰ'䲻ܸڣϹһ֮λ
Ԫ۱ĲȻŭİ𣺡䣬Ҷ˵
˰Сȥ
Ľԥԥ˼
ȴЩѾԾ鰸һȭڽԪ۵ϡ
ԪƽһűӶѪָе䣬£û޵
һݣɴһŷȥѽԪ߷ڵϣ˹ȥȭ
ҵķˣȻ檣ãеұһ£˭Ӯ˭˵
ǹ˺ֵ'̳ģĪСȴѾϹսǽý
Ԫ֬۶˻죬ͷߣȴȻǹĶ֣⧲۴С
ǼֱҪ赹ˣϽְ˽ŵذѹܿ
ԪѾ˺ü´ӳڣһֱڹ̫ĺǻ֮£ǻΪ֮ϣ뵽ⷬ
ǰһ󷢺ڣڼĲΡΡһֻűӣһֶֻ߶µָŹ䣬˻ߵؽеԴ޿
ǻһۣϹꡣ
¤Ψһĵӣ˵󲻾Ļ⹬˶¤ľηڽԪ֮ϣ˭ҿ˹䣬͵¤ˣԣ˭Ҳҡ
Ԫۼжٻײַߣƿ˲ڼ࣬ȥһжһ𵶣Ź䵱ͷȥ
Цһⲻִ𣿡
ֻһžͰѽԪеĽ߷˳ȥ˳ưѽԪ˵£Ҫ
¸ԲԲӹ˹ſڽԪϣŹ䰧ʹãСڣЪЪְɣūˣūһ·ɡ
ֵòɿſڴ̫ŭϡʲôס֣
̫õϢҴææظϹ鷿УǰһƬǽ壬侲ȣҲɻһ¡
Ůʷæס˹̫
̫˼ƴȵˣͣ£ǣʲôϽѻϷ
ԪҡҡλεָŹ䣬״ΣĸС
ϣԣ̫ŶӵǱӣ޿̣С˸ʲô
Ԫһ¿סˣһ²ʣ¸æˡ
̫ˣϱһرɵģȥؾصؿͷ밲ĸǳ³çˣĸˡ
̫ǣסͻ췸۾֮֪𣬼ʹ㸸㣬Ҳ÷֮֮λ˵Ϊ޷죡
˵棬Ѿɫˡ
ֱ׳صĸ֪ҵĶҵķˣȴҪ빬Ϊ֮ޣ̣
̫һģŻѪŭëͷСӣʲôʱȢˣŶ󣬾ѧԴףǹ˼ôôһ˵ӵܣŲ㸸׻ͷҪ㣡
صҵķˣѾ˵ܶˣ˭Ҳܺ
ݺݵص˽Ԫһۣ˭Ҿ˭
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¸Ͻڵϱס˽Ԫ۵ȣϣϢŭϢŭ
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֮£һ˿йеˣżСȫ꣬ǵðͱյýģ֪𣿡
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ȫȥɡ̫һ̧֡
ŮʷҲһ˳ȥˣš
鷿ֻʣ̫ͽԪĸӡ
Ԫ۱ǿеѪûֹס˿У֮ҧгݵģ˵ˣĸǸСôɵˣѵ޽ٴͰװˣ
ǻΪ̫ʵ
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ƾյİƾڳҰ֮ϵԺȨƣϣĪˣ㱾£λϵӦ常㡣
ԪȻ̱ϣ˫Ŀ죺ѵɹ˼Ҹѹ޵ͷ޲ǻʵۣ޲ǻʵ۰
̫߹ĽԪ۵ļϣδǻӣǻҪ˸Ϊ󡢿Ĳ˵սϣû˱ȵù˼ҵжڻ㣬ЩЩ꣬ͼΣѳεץС
¶һ˿̵Ц⣬ҵһʱҾʱ죬ʱɽ˼һټ𣬲ĸü֮աݲЩʱգ̵һʱ֮ŵó֮ơ                        
ԤչԡСһáΪһɽСʹղذϿҵ߾ؿǡ

 17 

Ԫ룬ǲģ޺޵ص˺ڶûʽӣǸС滹磬һǿһʵҲʲô˵ġ
̫ĵ˵˰죬ԪȻϣҲˣϣȰЪİɣǽµΨһĺӣ㲻ӶԺ˵ζʲô
Ԫ۲Ϊ˺躶Ծ޲Ųж࿴ع䡣
̫ĵصϣȻҲŹ˼ҵѪǣ̫˽˼ҵˣҲ˵ˣ˵Ҳףһ˿˼ҶɵʺԣҽҲó
ʵ̫ԼҲƣôһˣǣӣһݿһľûһ뼰ˣͷˡ
ɴ֮ϣʹ˴סռ˸Ҷúù̳ܽڻϣҲΪˣ󹬵Ů˶۾ˣ⾫ڳͷúɽѵЩݺݺöôģ
̫԰գȥˣ½Ԫһ˴
Īرһ٣ĪرĸױˣҲί
Ԫ˰죬ȻʺһӷŭƷ鰸
ޣ޾ģ

εһһģϿʼСѩת۾붬ˡ
̧ۿ˿⣬磺Ѿˣͷôû˵϶ǼҰ粺ϲ𣬶ôˣ빬ˡ
齵ϣЦһүָˣ󹬼ڶ࣬һǧĵĴˣʲô˵ģͰˡ
Ѿʧôһˮǲã˴һۣ˵Ĺ׿˵ģٹվҪӰ빬ģԣм١
ʵô˵ţԼҲǷģ԰οˡ
Ҳգվߵ´Сļ򣬳ԳԵЦţáã˵ˣĺŮҪţļ
룬Դϵֵģӽ˸ϪԺǱ߶ದϺõ̿ľȥ
ԭ飬ָ˳ֻȻӦһ

価˲Ҷֻ¸ɿݵ֦Ӱбѩ˰
ӣҰѴӺˣţô죬㻹ŴӣĶ
粿ôţ̿ӸߣѬܣ粻Ҫ
ֹȥ̿ͷһЩǿɲɣ̿ȻãܱûǿǽˣٲùЩ
ӣҾͣҷȥ͵͵̽һȦӺ﷿õĶϺõ֦̿ԺõĲľ̫̿۸ˣ㲻ͺү˵ȥ
粵صڿɲȥףҪ빬飬ûĸԼҲڣˣЩҹ徲Ӱɡ
ӣԴͷ
ͷսžʹ˸硣
ϣǺˣͷʲôأ
ֵͷ̿ȡůأӿһůůͣⶬҲ֪ô£ر𶳡
סӣһ̿ӣ֮ɫǣʲôѬǵģǳϲõ𣿡
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־Ҫ䣺ССӶʲôٶѶûãرǹңǶͷȥˣСĽһ
˴֣ǽ׳ʵȫ䣬ôһ˵ע⵽粵ɫƺе԰ס
ѩа÷ֱ䣬մȾһ˼̻
ץץͷŶͷƵģһǳȥһɡ
ˡ
ҡͷԽԽ̰ˣͷܣ֣ԺҪиϾС尲زģȥ۸˿ɲá
ͷۣҺγû뵽أǰͷ˸µС˸ȥ⺢һžûӰˣôҲҲңС˻ί˰졣
ʧЦһͷ˵˵ȥкġ

ʱ˸ƽʮ˿˪̿ǹ͢õĶѰ˼ǿģ̿ľǰɫģ滹˿˿
Ľ۾ˣָҪ͸ġáõģϵٴҲͷģֻܲ鲻ԸϤ͵ϪԺˡ
ֶ𣬸Ͻӣһ̿ˡ
̿ľûһɵĹľζůů¶ɢࡣ
һˣﱧһ֪ܵȥˣͷһϸѩ
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ȻǸ֪ģӦУպʲôҪܹңɩڼҲеģô涼ɡ
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Ȼ⺢ӣʲô
ӣЦòУӣŶ󣬾ѧ͹ﶫˣ汾¡
Цеز˵
粰ǰȻһôɵһţѹôһ
ǼƤë͹ˮͨףһ˿ɫûУϣƶһ΢΢һĹʶ
ӣҴչһۣǺö컻ϣů͡
͵˼ˣʶȻӣҶЩͷƤȥãҵ껹®ʱϷйһ·࣬ʱү˰ƥ͹ĺ˻ġ
ȴŹⶫģ
ģȻǴģŹڿ˴ŷġ
ɲ˵ʵ˵ǣҴ®ӳʱϴЩ̲ʣһЩղŵȫӣȻмһ˹ӡ
˵˵ţСβҪˣʵҲʮ⣬ӻģǲ˹˵ֳɫѵãȥĶѹŸ߼ûȥ粽ȴţлȥŪһõĸ㡣
粼ˣ֣ôƾذܼңȥˣЩ
׼˺һصǲ˹ⶫҪؼȥ˵Ѿˣȥˣ
̫ˣϷ˱ŭ⣬Ρ
Ԥգ
Ϊһ캣ŮǿΪ׷Ůһ·ֻǱŮ˵ıҹ¡
Сǹ֮ŮչȫἡǡޣûκΣֻܼԵСڻУǧ㡣
һʧ佫׷޼ǣʣʾǺܲҡ

 18 

񱻴ˣͷԼĽż⣬ССص粽ΪҺ޳һӶûˣҲ㶫𣿡
̾һؿǵģ֪Ҳû˼ֻǮͲˣο˷棬ܲ𣬺ܲصġ
ߺصûǮûϵ粽㣬㲻᲻ҰɣҾͺˡ
ӣҡ͡Ц˳Ͻס죬ʵ̵úࡣ
Ե粽㣬㽫ҷˣΪʱСֻȿˣѲֵʲôȨ㻶õģ°ɣȻԵòˡ
ʵǱĺ޳ܾˣʮ˰Σ²ֻ֣Ǵ˴ĶͷҺ˵ǵãҪպţ˵ʲô㶼Ҫӣ֪𣿡
֪ˡ֪ˡһڴӦ˵ʲôʲôһӶԹԵĻĺˡ

Ϧʱѵó͸һԷͬϯĻֳ֪
ϲˣϱȥϻر̫ǲļŮʷŻ£ǲȴ踵ľٶֻдվһ̡߽
ᶼˡ
ȴ˲ôϵ飬ֻЦ粵粣㿴Ǿӭµϲӣ㲻д밲ż㣬뷨˸ͷȥϾͼˡ
粴һʱûлػ
صү֮ɲǿԴģððʧʧдʲôż㣬Ҳ˵ܲܵݽͷʵˣѾû˼ŭˣðգ
Ȼǲܣ˲ţԼǻһʱϾһȻˡ
֪ճճĿɨɨȥЦص˵úǣô翴Ǹ˻ΪߵģҲˣ⡣
粺˵ϼ仰ֳ֪ʮԶΪƽ￴ǲԾһоζ
Ӱ˰ǣվһݣƽصףŮѾˣиˣ׺͸á
ĳδţܿתȥˡ
ҹѾˣ紵գ·ȫǱġ
ͷ˱СֵЦңԶУ̻ţϲ֣Ϧ졣
Ȼȴһŵҹ߹ĽȺͿտյԺ䡣
į˹
صϪԺǶΧųԾȥˣȴŵƣ⣬һССӰƹӰóġ
粽㡣
俴粣۾ҹɫз·ȼ˻棬ôůô
˹ӹеĵȸԾڻҵþãЩ˳Էʲô˼㣬һ𣿡
粵۾΢΢һʪĸо
Ҷϻһˣȫȫصá
Цס죬ǸСЦ
ӣ̿յůůģƹ
ӣҺͷ粻ˣϽ
ôͻˣô죿˵Ҫͺүһ𣿡
粽ӹӣҵݹ¯ص׺ǲһӣ˾ͲǲˣԼ徲
ӿڵԣ粽Ҳһˣǲǡ
۲ѣ粴ԼûгԱȥСʳȥˡ
粶ӣҵȥҾص̳滨
ӣӦȥˣһһС̳ӳ˿ڡ
ذͷ˹ʲôѽ
粰ڽҿһð˳
ҹ·һ滨ˣ¹ҡҷˡ
ҰŹдķԼĹӾƣѺӣһ㻨ۣҲûԹ֪ζΣ
ԡ
粸䵹һС˵ˣúȲҡ
䲻˵꣬Ѿһںȥˡ
ʵ˵ζȻţʵ̫úȣԼǻ۷ŵöˣģʱ̫ˣζе塣
ȹƣǴƷͬĻƽҪ
ǣãԶԶȲǰһС̳Ӿƣģζޱȡ
Լһ㣬һСڣе㲻˼΢Цζأȡ
ߵЦݣˮ
һѽǸС̳ӱڻв֣˭˵ãҿϲˣһ̳Ӷˣ˭Ҳ
ֶӽˣģûʲôҰɸ㶹£˵ԲӣٳԵбӽҲûúóԷһԡ
粺͹һ
粵θСԵմһͲˣ΢ЦſŹ䡣
˵Ц˳ԣһҹˣ滨С

ѹʱԴγģƺһ˵ĺŵͷ·ںܾúܾǰӵ粣ϵζ
ԺػΪԼΣ۾
Ȼ粵Ĵϣɴʵڣζ֮ⷽ䣬ﲻԸ
ǣܿϧӣҵĴɤشе컣ӣ˯ˣ̫ɹƨˡ
һֻûͷ񵽱ȥǲ𴲡ò˯˵Ĵϣ˭Ҳܰ
Ϊû֪СĴ˯һϣеͷӶҪ̫ˡ
ӣҹűӴ

 19 

ܲˣֻò鲻Ըʣô˯粽Ĵȥ
ӣҳЦ㲻ǵˣֿ֣ſڹĴϲйһ˯Ҫ˵ͰһƨӵȥѣϧѴøˣԼ߲
һ飬ѹǰ粽˯(  
ϴҹأû˯粵ͷ˹
ӸȵǱת˳ǼɫôĵƽӺݻȻһҹδ˯ȥȣɫһ
еӣֻ߽еļѵݸӣң۾ȴŹ䣬Ŀ紺ˮ
ˣҸһѣԿϲ
˷ˣһҡ
ЦֳȥˣӣҷŹ䴩ϴ
䴩粸ѡ
ɫĽģں˾µƣϸϸѹһ㱡ޣů͡ϸܽ£ʮֺ
ӣԱ߶߶صǹﻨ˺þʱģΪ˸Ԫո㴩ϣŵư˺üҹأɰۻˡ
Ҳۻˣǵ⻵ˣһ˳ȥţ˹ȥ
粽㣡
һָֻ֣ͷסĶͷֹվãú˵զզġ
СβͼҪҡˣ̯˫֣תһȦǿǲƷòǷٷ磿
ӣҸЦŽӿڵúãĵñӵòá
ֶ̲סЦááãǣӰٳһ͸ãǲһصġ
⺢ӵòüãȻδɣǰüĿ㣬պǸİ˫ӡ
Ź䣬úܿأС꣬Ҿȸʱ߶ˣϸ¿ʼģʱΣ˵ȥȴá
굽ȥˣӵġ
ͦţǣֻҪٹһ꣬ҾͱȰ粽㻹ˣպҵǸ߰˳ߵжͰ粽䡣
һû˵ѣպȷ߰˳ߣʱ֮ͬСһ㣬һ֣ܱ
ֹһˣ㳤˰һĵ׷Ľк

һ磬ز˲¯Ŀ϶м£˿˿Ʋ˿֮䣬ۣëŨӰüޣȻͬˡ
Ԫ۽ʱǼôһ£һߵ§ס
Ĺһ컶Ƴ˲˼Ԫÿÿ˶þòԸȥ
Ҳ磬޹ǵؿڽԪ۵ĻУȴ˵ôȥʺǱߣҪ˵лġ
Ԫһ޵£Ӻλϧ̫Ȼͷˣիһʱỹʲô
ָڽԪ۵ؿڴȦǺúݵء
Ԫ۰ᱧ޲ĺݣҲݣ㲻ſԿ
̡һֽ
ʶȤ˳ȥɴʡ
Ůɽ˳ӿʱˮһꡣ
¯ƮƺŨˡ

±ϣſڽԪ۵ϣµߣɰѳڻˡ
Ԫ۴Ц޽رˣͷҪʲô޶㣬ʺ﹬ʮ㲻һֱ۲ڿ⻹һɺ׵ģ޽˰㡣
һ̽ʵʲô˿գɷ˵óҲһϲ
һŨƮڻἡǣοڴ֮˵ǣýԪʵ㡣
͵͵Цһ˵˵Ҳ޷˸κ
죺ðԭµһˣϸˣ檿ɲˡ
ɲԵʡԪ۰ǽãκʱ򣬹˺躵ĳӹǰ͵͵زǲ˽͸ޣҪŮ˰ѹǸС֪ذˡ
ԪΪһ֮Ź裬аոݣϾݲͬҲ̫尲Ŀŵɱ
Ǹ»Ѿı׵뵽Ͼܰѹͷȡ£Ԫ۲ɻˬ
ɫεεصͲˣ˼ҵСðʥˣΪηҪأ
Ԫ˵յΣһص˼ҵˣǾʮ񡣡
Цѣȴ͵ǣ¤ӵأҰֻ֪¤֪ˣܲͳҲûúúýѵһǡء
۲һת檼ǵã¸¾̫ˣôõӣ¶մѪȣδⲻ̫ˣıҲ٣Ϊء
Ԫ۵ТĻеģôһ˵Ҳһ£׵֮ǿǵȫ޾ݹٻһʱգߣˡ
˹ȥֱϽԪ۵Ĳӣǻϸղ˵ʲôʱأ檲ҪڿǸҪʺ﹬ġ
Ԫӵķƶ֮УƮƮȻģáã㣬޹ͽ˸Ҫģ޶㡣
һߵࡣ
Ԫƣˣ۾˯ȥ
ȴ۾ֱԪ˯ˣŵ˴
Ϊ˿ȸ멡
Թȥ¯ем޳ַһȥ
Ũ壬˵磬˳ѡ
߳ڵ̧̧֡
һòܲ۵Ĺһֱغڵ⣬ʱ׸кηԸ
ü򭣬ѹɿصϷɸ봫ѶүϴĹ֣¡
ǡǹ˲Ϣȥ
ͷķ紵˹ҹ͡
ֵߣһͦģһʱȴȥԪ˯ţԸôصߡ
ǰֳ˹˺躵ݣӢ߰ԸӲϢһ»·𻳴Ůһ㣬
૵صүҺء


 20 

ƽųߵĴϣ¾Ӻ
¾㼱ؽҳʲô飿
¾Ǹˣ˿ɫҲеСӣ尲⣬
ס˽Ų˭
κ۵ĵŮеµãĸ
üͷ΢΢𣺡κˣ׵ֶΣܻκ˻ô£Īð䣿
¾ҡͷڣκʹмΣϵġû·尲ǣʱЪڳƼ֣˹ңҹȥһ棬ȷʵ
ˣΪ
˵κǰȥҽһʮҪ飬ǽˣѣŴ䣬Ҫκ۽ת
κʺĵչ󣬵Ȼܱ⣬κ۵ʱҪŮҲ֮С
ĸףб˶Ȼðɣȥ
ǡ

Ƽ尲أԶ˹ٵʮƧмӰ涣Ҷһʰȥʮ塣
һܣڰˣ·˯ȥһֲ̫ĸоһ¡
Сӣ¾Ŀѯ⡣
һ£ȥг
¾Խȥˡ
Ƭ̣һŮӳ
κĻΪʱ壬봿ĺ˲ͬǵʮ䣬üĿiŨɫҲˣէһȥϡ뽭ȷʵơ
һۿ˹䣬۾ֳ︡һȵĹâ·ʮּǳڼˡ
ʵδκκˣ뽭鼫Ŷ̬Ҳǣңʲô£
˹Ҫߵǰʱƺԥһ£ͣ˲ӣЩӵģҡʵ
ӣӣȫǽǰ绪߹
ĸʲô˵
ҧҧ¶˾ģصģҸǰ˵
һ˵ţһ߿˹䡣
ϸš
䲻ؽһҪѩޣɱ֮ˣ
в֪ʱһذף˹
ǷӦݣǼ䲻ݷĹͷӲšţܿӭķС
ذŹļ˹ȥһѪӡ
¾ŭһ˹һŽߵ÷˳ȥ
ż򣬵ų¾ȵ˵թȥ
Ѿˡ
ƼֵǽͷźԾһȺŵʿֽý䣬һԲὣɱ
װǻʹеĻھȻΣɼ־ڱصãûдù뿪
¾һνӭУͬʱСӣߣ
ھǷ˽Ԫ۵ıɱ֮ݵùѣڶ࣬Խ˳¾ֱ˶ȥ
һŭ߳׵Ծ˵һ˫˳һֶĲӣĽ
зϮ͵شһſܿͷմҶͳǱ
ǵԼҲ˫ͽȻֻ޴ʱСȶ̣Щھɱ֧穣ա
ȴ֪ЩھҲľССͣѾдգֻ˵¤ĵӣȻ
ھǻһۣ첻Ҵ⣬һڣٿȻ˰ΧȦӣƸҡ
¾ŹսˣȻսվѲڣۼ֧ھ٣۾һƬ졣
ʱ֮ƿմ
ԼԼģȻԽԽ󣬽죬ɽһ̤أ涼ʼ
ھ󾪣ȴͣ£ӷ
ųꪵʿѹѹرƽϽһŨɷǧɳѪս֮дơ
ǰĪԼʮ׵ʱ򣬡ˢһʿ뻮һؽǰһӣսٳ
ɱ¾ͬȺɱ
ʿĳ˻ھ˦˳ȥѪͶѵ֫ڿз˹ͷ
㲻Ĺ򣬻ھѾøɸɾһҲû¡
ʿǽսĬز˵һߣóһ
һƥޱȵĺɫս˹ߵǰ棬չͷصһǡ
ƥһᣬһ
˺躶ϣưĮüһϣòʮӢбɵĽü۾Լֱͦıһ¶ԵʵòʮƵġ
ǣȴͷ׷ͬ˪ѩ
俴˸һۣİ׷
ȥ¤һҹͷ֪
Ĭˡ
һʿͬСһץ˹ڹ˺躵ǰ
̧ۣͬ滨꣬ԸŷүΪүū澣үڽϣһ
֪Լúܶ˵úͽΪƣôǣӵ
ú۾Ź˺躣ϴ顣
ֻϧ˺ûпһֻۣһ̧֣Įͷˡ
Աߵʿ䣬ɵնĲӡǿԴµµعԶ۾ôġ
˺躵Ŀת¾㻤վ֮У޴ܣģȥʮ塣
¾ߵͷ
ŭŹ˺躣¾ҵˣ㷢䡣
˺ĮȻ
ʿų¾ȥˡ
סȭͷ
˺ϣӸµŶӣô湻ûУǲǸûȥˣ
Įִһֳζ


 21 

˺һصĸײˣǸҲûʲô˼Һαػȥ
˺شϷ˹ӣ
ʲôſңŭ
ΧʿĬһߣսҷ˻
˺ŹƼֵĴţһعȥΪźϡ
ߡ
˺躰ѹ䷭ƨϺݺݵһƣȻӵ˵ϡ
û˺躣ƾʲôң
˺Ŀޱ飺Ӵӣ쾭塣
ϻ쵰š
˺躿ŶӣĿɽΪӣףһΪӵܣȴð֮ˣһ˺ģΪ˳ðӣԲɱ֮䣬֪
ʱ侲ǣ񼫣ΣҪɱ𣿡
صĸףǲҶݲˣ
˺躵촽ýģ絶е̶ɣ΢̧һ£ƺ䣬վסˡ
˺Ȼʵٻ׵ĺӣΪÿÿ붯֣ܻᱻ¡ǳ䡣
Ѿˡ
ؿ˸һۡ
˺躵ݿȥԵӢͦʢ֮꣬λȨأȻһٻ֮ǹ۾Ѳǰ𣬶ǣ·ҹɫ
ѩͷ˼䲻֪ＸΡ
䷵Ҫȥ
վס˺ȵ
𣿡䲢ͷĸˣйһ˿һĺڣ
˺躵һر䣬˿ڼҹǰŮ鳤ǳҹ˼ҵĶɣк֮־ϲɳ֮ԣͽ˳Ц
Цһãĳݣ㣬ǣһ
ȨΣĹҲӵйеһжֲеǸִ
ڣɽɫ
صڸУҾǸûϢĺӣҵУײǸ֮ˣ࿴ᣬ粻
䣬㣡˺躵ɫЩ԰ס䱳Ÿףûп
ҲȥĴҺáңȥĺ֮־ҲŲҪһˡ
˵ֱ꣬ȥ˳ȥ
˺פˮò

ŵԼķ䣬䲻ӣһ
ӣܵȥˣŪȫġ
һһʱˣعӣС㣬һңôɤôˡ
ӣһۿˣˣӣļѪˣ𣿡
⣬޲ðӣҵͶϣѾˡ
Ժˣæ
ô£ôˣҿ
ż˺˼֨֨ģû£ղţСˤһ£Ǹϵʯͷ䵽ˣ˵Ƥµġ
粵ɫˣÿҿ
ˣϴɫ۾ԲֱֱŹ䣬﷢顣
ڨڨذƿˡ
ذڹļϻһĪԼ糤̵˿ڣеⷭ˳ѪҺûȫס΢΢ػ͸
С˸ͲֵһᡣȴŻˡ
ϽӣҿȥȰѼĽҩùУиСȥһٿ㣬ȥʰһ¡
ͷԹԵظ粽ȥˡ
ӣȥȡһҩƿɿܽˡˡ
ָŹԸӣңȥӷҩ
ȥ˼ϵ·վԶԶģתȥ
ӣҴһˮȸһ˿ڣǣëһȥ伸
ӣң㣬ˡ
ӣҿԲסӣҶһСһġ
Ĩһѡ
䡰˻һѸٺˣӣңǲҵĳҵģΪʲôҪô۵֪𣿡
һ䣬ֱίڽˡ
ӣ֡ëëţˬѣֶһƬ粺ϲȻ̫ãҲһֱź
ŴΣˣˣӣң£
ߵ˹ߡ
żͷƽȻļʮֽʵǿƤǳǳɫŽĹһֵζ⣬ˬ£ȻƮ粵ıǼ⣬粵һ¡
粻죬ĿİͰ͵ص粽㣬ģŪԼͺá
һ˵ֺ꣬ˣҧԼͷ粣һҺۡҺܿı
粰ã𶯡
ӣȡһ˿ӣմʪ˺СΪò˿ϵѪۡ
ĶᡢᡣôؿĽëŨܣ΢΢زһ£Сˢӣӹ顣
ıӵģܡ
Ϊʲô˿ڲϣź룬ĻͿ԰·ȫѵˡ
еԾһ¡
粵ǡˡ
һ
һ𣿡
ûۣۡϣ̫ˡ
գ۾ߺص粽㣬ҴһҾͲˡ
֪ˣǣˣѪ粵Ļˡ
ͷغһ
Ϣ¹鲻Խ˸¡
ӣú찡ǲǺѽӣҴСֵؽ
޲߰ӣҵͷϡ
粵Ƴӣһۡ
ӣԴҡȥûСһ˳ȥ
Ϊ˿ڣҩظһ㾻ɴҰȻҪء
·ҲˣûһӣܵˣֻԼȥ䷿һù
Ͻϡ
Դ޹ؿ粣ۣһ¾ۣ粽㣬һ·𣿡
һ£·ӵͷϣٺ֣СҴ㣬ѧ˵ϰԣ治񻰡
ģγ˵ˣԼҵķ˹ذȻˡ䰧Թ֡


 22 

תȥˡ
̵ػ·ųȥ
ɫģˣ㣬ôܵˣʵŪˤģǷǵ֮ˣǲͷǿˣ
䱻סˣյץץͷ
Ǹʱšǰ®ʱһʶھŹְңӰοЦɥ֮Ȯˣûãˡ
ǰͷĿİͰ͵ģԽ˵Խ˳ɷµߵģ̬ͽҴ磬ȴվ˶ҡ
˵˵ţȴ粺ۣһᡣ
侪Ųѣ粽㣬ôˣ
ǿһЦӰ˰۾ûʲô
Ϻˣ޲ôԼͣΪʲôҪһô޴ɰ
Ź䣬Ŀ˶ȥǰˣ겻ңֻʣһˣã㸸ֺĸ֮ܰģǵãһһĴáչ㣬˵л޹ʹαȥ档
߽粣ʵˣǲǡҴˣ
̲ס̧֣ͷ۾ƺԽһңԶĵطûлش
üҪðˡץס粵֣ظ̣ǸһϵûУչˣֽй䣬κζں
ǣ˿˵
Ȼ˻֣̿гһգվ֪ʵݣĻеǰԭ
᲻ģ᲻ŭ
˦˦ͷϽͷסҼȥˡ
һС˰ѵ˹
ҿǲɴ˿ʾûʲô󰭣ͺˣǵòҪմˮÿ컻ҩԵӡ
ţһһӦ¡
俴ʹ˵Ż־̵ģղǵСͲ֪׵ȥˡ

̫˻ھͳ౨ɴʧɫ˰ѽԪ۽˹
һ棬̫ͷʣϣǲȥɱˣ
ԪۼסˣڨڨЦһ£ĸżʲô˵飬ޱʱٺ˵
㡢㣡̫ɫ࣬ĸ˵ĻȫȻûзֱǺ֣죡Щ˸Ͻл
Ԫ²ãԵˣʱ䣬˿ӦѾȪˡ
̫ûù˺֪ˣʲô𣿡
֪ġԪ¶һ̵Цݣҽǰѹʬٳɻңɽͷȥ˭Ҳ֪ȥˣЩھ޼ɱǣй¶ȥġ
̫гĴܸУΪǵ㼿ù˺𣿻ϣ֪֪ˣ
Ԫ۲ͷˣɱɱˣΣ˺Ҳͷ۵Ĺӣ
̫󼸺ΣմͻȻŮʷŻŵشͷ˽
Ůʷǹжׯĵ䷶ԭһһ˹ʱȴһͷײϡ
̫̫󣬹үˣѾ˴ȰţϾҪˣͷ˸ס
̫ɫ䣬Ȼ
˺躼ȻˣɼԪıɱ鶨ȻѾ¶
Ԫ۷Ӳʱȴɾô᣿ôȻˣ빬ôĵӣ
ѾԼ˽Ų·ؼʿнء
̫ԽԪ۵ȵϣڹۣ˸ϣȵһ£죡
Ԫۺɵض㵽ȥˡ
Ԫ۸ոնغãǿµĽŲѾƽ⣬ˢͣˡ
˺躳ȵ⴫˺躣̫󡣡
̫һ躣ɡ
űƿˣʿеĳź⣬ڵʮ֮
еĹ˺ڼͷ۹۱ǣǹġ
˺̤УϴһȻƣ·𶼳һ¡
̫󿴵һͷ׷躣ͷ
ûʲôˣҿеѹɣͱˡ˺躶ԼĽ㻹ǻ˵ģģҲʲô
٣ǽĹ
̫⻰˽Ԫ飬ĸζһ¡
˺˹ԹԵ£΢΢̧һ֡
˺ڼ๭ӣǼŮʷ󣬴š
Ĺֻʣ¹Ͻˡ
˺躿Ź̫Įʱ䳤尲ͷ̫ˣ⺢ӴСͱĸ׳軵ˣӹŰ裬Ǹ֪ߵغС쵰˵Ŀ޾ϣȻðʥݣﲻˡ
̫ԽԽľҲûʲôЦء
ǡ˺躽ض˹̫ĻٿȻĸ׻ڣֲҽѵ̫˵Խ֮ǰΪأ
̫ǿЦһ£çײˣҲգüʱܹƽ£ҽлϸ㿴Σ
˺躿Ź̫󣬱ص̫㲻ֹһӣڵǾǿһЩ
ԪˣƷ˹˺躵Ļ֮⣬һվȵϽס硣
̫ͫٿȻɫرˣϱϾǻϣûΪ˰Ӷӵĵ躣㲻ûзִ硣
˺¶˳飬˵ذѵյͱҹյĸ߹̫Ҽǵ㵱겻˵ġӺҲΪĶӣҹ˼ҵѪҲŻ᲻ؿδ顣
̫΢΢һϡ
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ڣֻԼϻ̫ˣǵǹ˼ҵŮ
˺躼صȵǸܸɵģ̫Ҳ֪Ϊ˵ȴûõģҳ֣λõ˱ӦܻĶӺԼסϧĸӶһˡ
ָ̫Ƿ֪ûµģǿ԰סֻһ躣Һͻ϶Ǹмģһ㣬Σҿһذɣ͵ǡˡ
סģ޵ϸָױˣһʹָʪʪģԼѪ˳סˡ
ܡ˺Ź̫º͵ģ˵㣬֪ҵģû֮ġ
ĽԪҲ̲סڵأɪɪ
˺躿һ磬ȻǿԼúÿһ£η洦ãҶ֣ǾͲÿˡ
԰գ𣬾ֱȥˡ
Ԫ۹Ź˺ѾԶˣֽŲõشӵܳȥڹ̫ǰ󣺡̫ޣ̫һҪް
̫ŭִҲֻȻ̾һԡ


 23 

ڴԣϣüĿƺԣ·䴺ɫڴˡ
Ůв޵⣬ԭϹȻǧ㲻ãȴôһɫŮܼ
粣㿼ǵôº͵ʵ
粴صŮΪԲס
ֻŮҺߣĵصɴȻ˵㣬ˣĵѾȢӣҲ̣ܽһ޹ȥһƷˣ帣á
˶٣˿ɫ޶ԣֵ󽫾ҵĳӣģҲ䣬ǧƽƸϵͷ﹫ѾӦˣϽǰ˷ȫǲߣһһֻӣ˵ء
ʱѾ£ۼŹﻹûжڶԽԪģת˱⡣
Цеص⣬ٵȵҲ޷Ѿų˿ڷȥƲý˾ͻʱ򣬹µĸɮ˵󲻿ԣһֱǵ⻰أ尲еĺҲ࣬
ǡǡ˵ſˣŭ粽δŵķˣˣ⻰ֱ
һվǳ˵˭ڣ߯ûءҵŮ£Ȼ㲻ǼҼֿڷԵ仧ѾĶˣ㻹ҷŴʴʣ
ûҲԽĹ뷿ֻܸźԺ𣺡ĸѾѰ粽ˣ㵱Ҳ׿ڴӦˣ׵Ҷˣ֮粽ҵģ˭Ҵ
̣ųȥָŹȵұ죡ĵĶƽţ
粼æ˳סϢŭ
һСȻҲ¶ȻƣʲôˣҶҿڰ粽ϲƽϣĪҪΡ
߶µĲ˵Ŵһһ𣺡ģ˶ȥˣ죬޷СҺȥȥסҵģҵģҶ˲֮ͽ
ס粵ʮƽڴˣԴöȣĶĸµļױҲҵǮƣһӦӶϣҲδͷ׷ֺ˵壬ȷʵûеġ
ϪԺүŭ𣬶Χ˹Σԥԥزǰ
粵Ļ̵ģٴնɢˣŷ˵ϣСһʶ
ӣһƵСطԭҲסߣˣʹŰ粽ߡ
ͷˣԹɱɣ˵ɲ
Ц޷ĵСӣҲҵŮߣǳ˵λЦֿɱ
˵Ժе˺ȵһʲô죬ȥƽƣҾ˯ȥ
ϪԺ˻粵ģ㿴ҡҿ㣬ûһ֡
ֻиС˼״Ӧǣү
С˹ץļ
һ˳һȭֱӾͰСҵ˵ϡ
Сˡ໡һҽС
ɫ࣬ԼӣˣˣȻҶִˣҵҪҲҴң
粳Թȵ̫ˣȥ
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粵ǰ棺ףżģܲӦãҺúýѵһӣʲôʧˡ
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ֵòɿ֮ʣ򸮵Ĵֻܼŵܹүүˡ
ˣһҲ˲ú͹æʵǲǻӶ빬ˣ
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ڼߵ̫ˣ϶ǺҲһ£عŹ乪һӡ
ŷӦԭǰ쵰СӾǡӡ
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ڼ̬ưͦԲԲĶӣ°Ͷ˻ǰгҲ
ǿǰõڼࡣ
ȻһȽžͷˣ£֣֪̿кηԸ
ڼ¸ĵؿһۣҲŲġ
תȥŹصţ˱Ͼйв֮ģŽδ֮Ϊ̡д棬ľƽʵ£빬԰ӣһ˰ɡ
ȥصȥ
ҪεŹŭĿӣ⺢ӣ̫ˣϴ٣˵ʲôȥǴ󲻾󲻾øĻȥù˾õȡ
¸Թ˵òϵĺøˣͣԣ˵θɡ
ⲻˣֻڨڨ˵һȥٸҿ
¸ŹЦӣʶƵʹͣͷȥһˣСΪѡ
߹ŵ¸ʩһ
¸֪λģɫǾɫˮҲǻˮΪǳ˶¶ˣæرܿˣˣܲء
óһӵݹȥصˣ빫Ȳ裬ұף£ȥ빫շڴлˡ
¸ӣ۽ƳڳüŪ۵ģЦһ£Ĭؽӹӡ(  
粷Է˵㡣
¸תڵؿŹ䣬Ｑÿˣڣ޲þ˹ȥŹĴˡ
¸ĿȳҪˣѹ俴ò˸¡
ðɡðɣǾ߰ɡ
¸ϲº͹һƽ


 24 

ͷһİ˼ʻѾˡ
һ˳¸˴֣ٺЦţ˹ӣϺ̫м٣ūֱֻӵˣһʱ鼱ұһɣðɣû¶ڰɣ
䲻˵쵽˵¸ǰ
¸ᣬϽѷ粸ӹ˹䡣
䡰ߺߡ𼱻ǵʲô
¸ϣСڣⲻ֪𣬹үˣ̫ȥȻء
䡰͡һãѾʬҰˣҲȲ˻𡣡
¸ֻ֨ЦסҾ
ҲΪһūţһ·ԣ˻ʹ¸ֱӽ˹̫ĴȰ
̫ţһ˹վЦ
ؾصع񣺡μ̫
̫ﰵС裬˳ɲ˵
ǰ˹䣺Լˣ񣬳͹ĸˡ
΢΢һЦǰһΣɱ֮˺󶨵佾꣬ԣԽˡ
̫ǣƤЦⲻЦС쵰ҲȦӣǵãǷһ飬ҾҪֻˡ
仹Ĳղ
ֻ̫һȰº͵صԼ뿴Ϊһ֮ˣѵܲգο֮ǰ֪ģ֮һᣬȥ㸸˵飬ҽҹһأĸӶǸмġ
ߺģҲ㱻ϺˣѵˣУгٴһٹ
ԪͶˣ䲻ģ̫ӵ滹ҪҪ
̫ЦǺͰˣɣ㲻ҪǸﻶû¤ͷҲ㣬ĸȥʹڿ⿴õö㾡ãͷǣϲġ
Щ⶯ץץ°ͣһ£ǺðɣҺͷ˵˵ȥǣҿɹܲˡ

¤尲Ƕͷһûʵıۡ
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̵߹ȥЩ
ȥŮš
ò˵˼ҸһϵƷζǾ˵ƣԺɫ¤УͨŮҲһһˡ
Ůů󣬹˺źȲ裬һ˹ԣŷ衣
ԹԵؽȥڹ˺躵Ķ¡
˺ĸӣǾηмӣֻй񲻹
˸˲衣
͵ͷĬĬغȲ衣
ʱĩˣС֦ͷߴߴؽлݣķ
˺صط²豭˻֡
˹ˡ
ôڵӴˣһԵҳߴ꣬㸸ףжһˣ䣬ѧТܶȥˣ
һĮ®ݳ⣬˵ҾģҿⲻǾ͹ԶԶȥˣТܣնĸ׶Ҷڣˣû˵ңҲˡ
䣡˺ŭһ
仹ٴ̸׼䣬˹˺躲΢΢ָԼͷͷĸǰҵĶΣۿһ죬ȥ
ӼֳĬ
Ŀű𴦣˺ðΣɤӣڵ̫飬˻һǷһ飬ûԣܲɿڣ
˺صӺ⼸ЩˣǸλþˣҲˣôһ£պֳ¶˴϶ȥᣬҾҪף˭
ӺǸԸˣǸλãܰѳֵסҿ˵ǹ˼ҵΣֻԼˣףҿ۹ⲻ̫ã˵ܵĻʵǸʵġ
˺ɫĮӺȵ۵ĵճӣͳɺܻǸöԸģʰȻҺοǸõĶλȷǸģҲ޷ӺٲϵҾͻһ
һϺ͸ͨģµصӺΪ壬ݱҲ޷ܻû£¾δҲܻϣ˳ˮۣҰ̫黹ˡ
˺躵ؿ˶һۣȻô˵ˣҸӺһᣬߵϣҾһŻʵ۵ļӣ̫Ҳ޻˵ˡ

ʹڸ֮С
˺躶ɫȻ
ԪС˸ͺټݹ·ۺʱôϡ
վڹ˺躵󣬵ЦѵʱҲһͷβĹ˼Ҷɣһɴӹ͸ưԼ
Ԫ۶߶µҪȥϥȴһֱͷ˫ĿһƬ죬ҪγѪ
֮ӣû˿¹κ˶С
̫棬Ըٿ
΢΢ЦһĲ̣ϺŲ⣬޷ʵ㻹һѡġ
ԪĿѣ̧ͷԼɫἤŭ˹˺躡
ݺȻӹ̫һ½󣬹ع˹˺ǰȥصߵͷԴˮĥשϣ졣
̫ǰһ촽˶ƺ˵Щʲôվջ˲ӣ˳Ĭ
ʲô˼أ˺ڷˡ
֮£˺ҪڳʵǴɱ˼
ǸºͶˣƽ˵ģǳľڡò̫󣬷ȵ۶һ㣬ʶ֮£̫һֱǱȽϲӺģû뵽ͷ
һͣ˸ϲΪͱ˺˸ΪҲӦõġϱϾӣ֮棬Գй֮ҽͳҪˡ˸˸Ϊ˽ɽӾľңǹ֮سҳȻԸˡˣֳ˸˸ˡ
˺躵ɫϲŭ棺ƽģû뵽ڳô
˵˵ߵͷ
Ԫ۽ӲվؿԹ˺ߵ֮ȺԽҴޣָмֽΧһʱζӡ
ͷߵʮʵڣһ̣ˮĥשϾֳ˵Ѫδһ˿ع֡ͷأǷ
ѪԽԽŨˡ
˺վ˷½ǲڵĳȻˣʹ˽ҹɡߡ
˼Ҹ˵شӽԪۺ͹̫߹ɻ
ԪۺȻصǹ͸޵ģ飬ҲѲ˸ϵ
ͷ˽Ԫһۣº͵صлϵѣ¤ļ£Ͳˡ
Ź˺һ˳ȥ


 25 

ͷ̫ܴеۡ
΢΢ۣô£ؾȻϧκȴ磿
˺Ŀޱ飺ǵտǸŮˣˣһΪŮȤȥˣ˭֪⡣㿴Լӣ˭ɱ㡣
ǹ˺躵ӣĸ¤壬ܳ谮ϧڹ˺˽֮Ͱǲͻҡ
ڹ˺ǰü˳ۡʮţԹܱܵȴǺ޵ҧгݡ
Цһǣӣ⻹иĸ𣿡
ЩмܲסҲɲʲôֳڽʾ֭ŰѶĶֳֻ㣬˼ϽһŮ˼ĹҺʧ
ںصǣгϢˣȥúý̵鹣ҾǸûõģڹ˼ңĸףҲûİңҲԶԶģҸԳ⣬񲻸ã
˺ڶס˲ӣͣ˹һۣĻǲŵġ
˺ڼ಻ҿԶԶع
˺ڹ̨֮ϣ紵ǣƾ˵ĸ߰
ǹ˼ҵĵӣ˼ҵȨҫصҪЩͬһ㣬ѡ죬Ҫǵͷɽǵ֮Уǹ˼ҵˡ
˺侲װģ̵ʲôӵûʲôǡ֪ĸˣһʱƲ㣬˵ôãҲùˡ
䲻˵̧ͷա
Զӹ߸ߵĹǽһԶ̿գơ
ǽߵĵطȴҪȨƵ˿ɵ
˺躵ڹıǵͳģңûкڹֻ˵ûУΪΣĸҲٻˡ
˺躵ûʲôϤ䣬ȴе޷˵ıǸ̶ȵʾˡ
ԣҪһȥ𣿡˺ôһ䣬·ƽ
ûлͷȥףþò

ڼ񲻶ص˴졣
ֱƻŻ¸󣬴Сڼ̧࣬һӡ
ڸˣܼͨԼصſӭӡ
䲻ֱصϪԺ
ŷӭȥˣû°ɣ
Ƕŵ¸ʩһ񣬡͹ˣȲ衣
¸ңЦСڼӰ˽ȥȻϽˡ
Сӣһⱦ
粽㣬Ҵӹģ㿴ϲ𣿡
ӣҺͷִչ˿˾̾
Σ֬İӡӣҰı͸ӵȵ࣬»һԲ飬ĴָСһ𣬼ֱλۡ
ӣŵýͰ͵ģ⡢Щʲôӣȥ𣿡
ƲӣҵСЩʲôûѾͷ
ҲǳԾôЩ
˵䣬ˡ
һӵĶ۾ˣɶǺñģ
һ޹ı飬粵겻ңʮʹЩҲò粽㣬͸ˡ
ָָͷЩ飺˵Щ鴮ѣʱʮˬҲԿ
粲֪뵽ʲôˣ̲סصشĶͷ˵ʲô߯
䡰ϡһסͷίֻߥ޵ģ˵ڹ׷ˣֻлʺǲУɶ֮á
ţԭҲֻа粽˲ΪѣǱԲ󣬶˵ޱȡУȥˣе㲻Ծˡ
Ц֣粣죬Ȼˣ͸Ͻǹʹ͵ı˵ûϽĹƷĺܡ
俴һۣүЩ⣬Բر˸ϳȥ˯𣿡
ж̻Ǳģ̸յ˻ϵĸʹͣȻҪɫԴ⺢ӣø֮ǰһʱͷ˵ĻҲ𣿡
ĺƤǺģ³ЦЦǻǶлү
һͷϺϢǲ˼ģææ˹һͷ˵ʹͣЩϡҿ
ӣڱСֹǱӵĶ˵Ҫ͸Ƕģﲻɣʲôɿġ
ֻûȥһĶͶŵúϲ£ˣҡ粵ֱۣ㣬ҴûôõĶһɣʹıմһմ⸣
粴Ӧ־˽ȥﶫһѡһ¡
Щ鱦ǹӹ͢ڿѡģ߹۹ȻҲߣõĶϡƷʱɰѹ̫˰죬ŭԡ
һɺӣʸϸ壬·Ҫﻯһ㣬˳׵Լϡ
Ѫת޲ɷ
ϲ̵ذ쵽ǰ㿴Ҵ͸Ұɡ
ȻǲУãЩһ㣬㻹ǷŻȥɡ
û뵽精ܾ˸ɴ䣬һ£ˮƽõģΪνСôһӵ鱦ͷһкβɣ
Ա߰ǻǰ粣ΣһʱҲοòЩΪɫָǺҪġ
۰Ͱ͵Ž㡣
΢΢ҡͷҲ˵ȥ
һһֻ˿챦ӣߵǰץס֣ӲǴɺŻȻѻ˿ӵݸ
õЩʹͣȷǲܸ㣬ֻԼģȥɡ
ֻ˿ǶһŻƶСĺ챦ʯ䲻󣬳ɫȴãǵ®粲ģǲ
Ͼ͹ԭģĽֶģ˺öƫƫһϷָãҡǿ͸ˡ
ܳȥﻹǰֻ˿ץýġ
Ա߿ţԭҲŮȡһϣΣûָȻҲȥˡ
ӵԤգڿС۷䣬ŬУ
Ϊһ캣ŮǿΪ׷Ůһ·ֻǱŮ˵ıҹ¡
СҲ֪ԼΪܻᵱϻʺǰ٣ǵʢ衣ֻἡǡޣ
һʧ佫׷޼ǣʣʾǺܲҡ

 26 

Ļϲ粽֪Ķ㶼᲻øˡ
粿һֱۣӾͰֺˡ
תɫԹ˵˵ЩŮ֮ô
ֱ׳ص˵ҪңҪʲôҾЩҾЩͦÿģǿġ
֣粳⴦ûûҵѰ˼ôЩûõĶԵҵ𣿡
˵ҵ˺ȫɵģƳһ粵ɫʶȤذѻȥˡ
̾ţƽսȥѧö飬ҲȥڼֺУн죬ƩҪʲôʹͣԭҪլӣдСôҵ㵹ãЩڵĶʲô֮ֲܱʵãҺʧ
סˡ
ǰ̫ĻɳѪսЩȻػʱֻһˣɵؾͷԼЩʱ˺˵ʵѾʼҡˣԼİķҲˣһʱЩãȻ
粼첻˵ΪʡͰ
õЩһᶯȰúõɼҵ֮ʱõϵģ㲻ҪˣúõһԼǰҪ
̧ͷ۾һĪ粽㣬𣿡
ǵģء粵ºͣŹ䣬ĿôҲҪ㽫γͷأȻ򣬹ƣнǿϢԺԼ𣬽𡮾ӡ𣿡
ᣬԼֻԼǣҺϲ㣬ʲô룬ֻߡ
һִ̫á̫ãճħϣܸᡣ
ؿһۣŤͷ˳ȥ
ּˣҪ׷ϳȥӣôˣҪȥ
֡粺ס˷֣ȥԼúһ롣
Ϊѵؿ粣ҲǸˣ֮ĸ˽ԲˣͲܶһЩ𣿡
®ҳˣĶϧ
һ鷭ɫģҪģһֱǸӣ΢õģǸгϢġҺγһζǷǺ
Ȼһ̾ˡ

ҹѾˣСꡣ
֣մʪʪͷѣܡ
߻Լסӡ
ִ
ôҹɫ¹ǡ紵΢΢طȹգ·ǰɫĻ¹ҡҷ
߽ˡ
粷˵ƣӣΪòϺͷϵˮԹҲ˭أǲ¡
زűӣƺǻ
촽˶վû˵ҹɫףʱ
ƹ䣺ʪˣȥϴһϴ·ҽ˸ȥ
š͵͵Ӧһȥˡ
ϴһ£˸ɾѳ
ѾӣҰϡ
Ƕģϰ첻ɰĻˡӣСֹһ䡣
ӣң죬ȥ
ľ硣
úܼ򵥣ˣһɰһŨԼǰõġ
ͷĬĬذܿسˡ
Vʧ󣬽첻òһ²·滹һ£
ӵԤգڿС۷䣬ŬУ
Ϊһ캣ŮǿΪ׷Ůһ·ֻǱŮ˵ıҹ¡
СҲ֪ԼΪܻᵱϻʺǰ٣ǵʢ衣ֻἡǡޣ
һʧ佫׷޼ǣʣʾǺܲҡ

 27 

Ҳ˵ﾲؿŹ䡣
ֽؿʼ
ˣվˣȥ˯Ӳܳøߡ
תȥߵſڵʱ򣬹俪ڻס
粽㣬ҵ𣿡
粻ף΢΢һЦûУԼҵء
ΪҺãҲֲʶôˣôʮ棬粽㣬ͬһ㣬Ҫ㣬µµΪ֮ģ֪ʲôܲʧġ
صһʱ⣬ԼĲ֮ã񲻹һ
һ̫硢Ҳ̫磬ܽӵ뻳С룬ǵˣ˫Ӣǣϧꡣ
ܿҪ뿪ˡ
ôţϾ¶ı顣
粿Сͬһնӣ̲סЦʲôأģдŲģǸɵӣˣˣȥõԺǷܰȥأȹҽд֣ҵʦ鷨ݷ˵ģҿԼ϶ǹģ͵Ҹ㲼ùΡ
ѷ˴¤ȥͿд֡ϰ䣬أܣ֪ݣ϶Ҫġ
ͷſϣһ˺ΪѰ

ϪԺֱĸ׵ĻУѵһ۾ˡ
ģǰ䱦۾ҲǺģֻðοŮ£ѾǼңţĥЩӣذЩͳʲôҲһֻ𡣡
Ǳ壬ʲôӣôңûţҲŲϡء
ô˵ţȴѾǻ˿Ӵϡ粵ϸȴʮַӹýģһҲܡ
ϱ粳ͷˡ
˴գϵͷˡ
ҵ˵Űݷá
ԭӦɼеķ˳кȥϷƽϵĸûУûκΣֻԼˡ
ʱֺģϾķǳسŮйʺԾñҵ鹸࣬еƲ
ΪԵʣ˸ºУүãҼү챾ҲģҪ£ʶүʸ
Ʋңˣ˿ɷˡ
ʵʲôڼء
ڼѾ˺üˣҪȥû
˱ǵΪԪϲֵǣȻô˶ûжȥʺ󣬽ʺһֱիгüֻ˴һ仰࣬ᡣ
ĥ˰죬ΪԼǽԪ۲ûп粰ɡ߶ҪҪŻףʵֲֻܺƤԼˡ
үԭȮȻϵﶨ£أ⺢ʵõǶǱҲ˶ˣʶأﻻɶҲȫȮӵһ˼
ѻһ˵ˣֱĿɿڴеĲ豭ˡ
⡢⡢Ӻ˵̫ˣд
Vʧ󣬽첻òһ²·ǶϹ
ӵԤգڿС۷䣬ŬУ
Ϊһ캣ŮǿΪ׷Ůһ·ֻǱŮ˵ıҹ¡
СҲ֪ԼΪܻᵱϻʺǰ٣ǵʢ衣ֻἡǡޣ
һʧ佫׷޼ǣʣʾǺܲҡ

 28 

ԼҲû, شҲ˲, ԼҵȨƸ, °ӲصҲ˵ŮԵ, ǽ֮ãȻҪ˴˻ϲź, ȮʵǶҶĽ, š
ϣ⻹ûأһŮӺ洫˹
ԭǴϹŮ, , , ̲ס˳
, ȻҪɽ㣬˵ȥҲ±˴, ܹ˵ġ
˲Ȼɫ䣬վļҵĹأԺү˵һܳСе, ʲôͳ
ϱǼ, ջЦһˣҺ˵, ȻǼҵѾˣҲɲ۸ҪףǶ϶ϲܵģ²£ǼҲѶҡ
Ͻסϣ̫嶯ˣ֪۰粣˵񡣡
˱һһ͵ģ˵Щ²̨棬:֮ҽѻˣүԼһ°ɣУ£ң󲻵ŮҲǷҪҵĹ
°ͣȥ
ֱţԴϵ֪ؽţļʲôú°ѻ˵ˣôת
סү㿴Ů裬㲻ۣһأҿİ粡Ҫ֪ˣﻹ˰תʲôأүҪǧҧˣԲܴӦ
̾ԾϣáãףĪżһ¡

ŭػص˵ˡ
ϾͲˡ
Ĳˣģһ͵䱦̼һΣֱһ׵˵̼һΣڣ˸գ죬˵ź
ôܹñҺأƾʲôȫµĺôһռˣô죬ʲô˼챻ѹ̧ͷҲˣ
۰Ůһ᣺ҵŻΪﰡԺӣ𼱣Ϊģİ
˴ҹһҩȥŻ˯ˣлҪֹţˣ
һû˯ãڶȦǺڵģʶ֪ҪǮʱҲûʲôɫ
Ҳһ㣬ЩӵһʲôҵҲģĲɡ䲻͵ģҺָ˭ȥ
֪˴ϵ߶֪Լںصҳ˵ľλȻг͢ٺ»˼ң߿ƾٳǸʲôҺ˵ҽԼĹӳȥȾƣýˣкôɱҵ£Ҽưɡ
󽫾ҵĹǸ˵ӵܣгˣкü檣ջ켣̻֮أǲ
һӣҪ𣬺Ȼһ飬һ󵨵ͷ˳̧ۿ֪أ¶һЦݡ
֪ӣôˣʲô
ЦӲҪȾ𣬺αȥطǼȥ׼þơ
˼ӺȸСơСҪСģǼʲô߯û˼
ʲôСӣɱȵĶò
֪һ⻰ɲܻ˵ͷЩŮôܺͰᲢۡ
ϳȥӽеǼң˵ĶȾƣҾͲ
֪ϵ쿪ˣͷ𰡣ѾзˣȢ粵ģҪֳʲô¶ҵġ
϶ݺݵصԣΪȢ粣ҲҪֳ¶ʲô¼Ȩƴ󣬵ʱҲֻűӰѰ粼޹ȥСˣҿӵʱҪôޡ
֪˺ͷҡ˹ƵģҲҡ
ϲͷˣĥĥģ㲻ҵĻԺһӶãУҪһӹ͵ʮȥȻˣҲ֪׷ȴϡ
֪ԥˣһ¿ˮܲܶҶӣܲء

˵òˣѰ˼źôҲҪȥ̽һ¡
ƽհԵĹ⣬װһСȥοһ̰ʳ˵⣬ⲡҲ֡
䰵ԼƻźܿҪ뿪尲ˣʵᣬֱ޲ʱʱ̶̿粵ߣԸ°ӡ
ִֻ粽ôۣĥƤˡ
ʧЦͼ⣬һòʲôڣǿɡ
˴ϪԺȥߵӭźСѾӡ
ӵȥѾˣȥ͸͸磬ں԰ů󣬶Ҫȥ𣿡
ףãҹȥ
һ۸ںĹ䣬׳ŵӵǸҲСˣУɲһȥ
һʲôأǰﰢ粽أʱҾͷţŲҪȥأֲҿ
ˡ
粰ڵҵòġ
̧ͷ죬û
粵˺԰Ѿů⣬ѹеСӽ˹
ҽȥ˵Լȥɣ
۾ģҲҾ㡣
ЦЦ
ߵůǰСѾ߶һۣһ񣬶˵
ȥ
ȴ֪һİȾƣ
֪ԣҪ˳ȥá⡱һŴ汻ˡ
粵ĳȥ
֪Цӭǹ𣬿ɲɣողߣӺȾأҲһ£λǸ󽫾ҵĹӡ
Կ粣һƬ޹Ƕ죬߹һ¡
ãҷðֵ֪˵㣬һأҲŷˣԭ¾ɫã꼴Եɺá
˵ţ粵֡
ŭе˹ȥԵϣϡһ
һء
գңͽ񣡡
Ĩһ㶼Ϊ⣬ֻҲǷζٺЦˣҺγأǶˣ񡭡
źȶ˾ƣʵѾˣɫˣġͨһ˵ϣȥ粵Ľš
粼һϽܿȥ
֪ȴǱſ˫ס粣粣ҵĺѣˣһƶѣαغߡ
ʱСѾߵľȻˡѵһ죬űߵ÷˳ȥ
˽һ֪ؿڣ߷ڵء
粷ҧǿţ˿ȴᡣ
ˮ·ڹļ⣬ۡ
۾ɨůˡ
֪ӴǸĿ⣬鲻Խش˸£ֻñ
ģͷԷͣһѪӿ˱סˣסָŹŭȵС˵ȴң֪Ҹ˭
ŭɶ֪Ҹ˭
˵꣬Լ־òԣŭˣһţԵϡ
ԴҽУűӶѪָð
˳ȥ
ٹ˲Ͻ׷ȥ
һ߰УһŭɱǧС쵰ţҪƤˣ֪˭˵һĲ
ͷķ˽֪һ飬عֺЩף˷Źܾܲ
ǼľҼҵһܣˡ˲С˹һСӼƽʲô
ԽžƾƽңҵûأѪˣ㿴
֪ϽСѾ߽˭֪СѾ߷ű߷ˣڻſڵ
ֻԼܳȥС˽ʰѪܵıӣּæȥ
ҵģ˺þãǱѪֹסˡ
ϰ죬Ҳ˿޷ͷûϣػš
Եľƽ˹ϴһûȤģҪȥ
֪æͳȥһ·סҾ񣺡ˡʵǶԲסһͷҪи׺úýѵǸС
ߣǲҸԹҿΪű˴ˡ
⻰˵üֱ֪ҲӣڴӦ
Ȼۣһӱŵˣǰҽúõظǣ㿴Էɺã
˵ԭҲçײˣͻ˼ˣԭǲãʱҲԷ
ӶЦԼͬ¶顣
򸮵Ĵ⣬֪Թ𣬴ӽǱ߹һˡ
˵ʮֿྫ׳üĿӲһɱ֮󲽹ʲôҲ˵һһֱץסԺ֪ݺݵ赽˵ϡ
˵Ĺͷ㱻ˤɢˣ̲סʧʹС
ſվĹŴˣ˹˰ͽˣˣץס
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¾ͷ˿ϵṫӣеΪ
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ǣĸǵͽӣ
¾Ǹʵˣһ˿Ȼֲһ㣬һ˰ɡ
̧˽ţصزȥ
һǰһҽе춯ء
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Ժ֪šڵϹȥеöˡѪӿ˳·ȾһƬ
ƽǻŻŵس˳ŭų¾˹ȥǳ¾Ķ֣ûȫڵϡ
¾֣ɾﳤȥ
ƽ˰СеعȥԺ֪Ͻ̧ȥˡ
ύӣɱ˻ߵƽţǲ㶼סǡ
ǸõĴûüߣó
Ȱ֪¿£һۡ
ֻһۣͲĵתͷ˻֣ϡˣˣϽȥõҰɾˣȻûŧˣġ
ʹѶҴҸϹһţ˴Ļ
һףֱֱ˹ȥ
ҡһ£ҲҪεϥ½һӣŴԣЩͷĿѣ
ȥ˿ǵط̲ס棬˵ϡôٶ˵ǸΣ˭ó
֪ۼˣȻûιȥؿ޽ţܵģ򣬰ңҲãҲûܰ
ǱҲڹǺҡңҵģȾңҵı
ϽֹȥԵģȻعͷ򸮵˵졢졢ȥһҪ鲻á
Դһ°ĭ˹ȥ(  
ŮŴϵУذѹײײ˹֪ʹ飺ҿĶ찡ֱҵĸΰ
֪Ťš޽ţǸϽס
ͷѣȾʹãȻ޴ص⵽ôأǬӽ£ȻȶУô˲أ
˵˵ţȻ˵ϴޣҵڰô찡
ҳһʱ洫˷׵ĽŲȻһȺ˴˽
һ߰˳ߡüɷģԵĸ
˶ӵС˷ܻȥѶͱˣֱӳ򸮣һ·Ȼʱһ۾Ϳ˶¶Ǹ˵ĵطһƬѪģ
Ҳ˵ĿڳɨһȦһץסһȭ˹ȥ
ٿȻ˻Ѫ˳ƽ
Ǹ佫Ǹ֮ˣﾭȭûرûˡ
ƽ˷Ӧ໽лΧ˹ıһš
УǸ˴ˣ߻أҪҪǵٴ˾Ҫˣ
һϺȣס֡
ݺݵؿһȦҵˣҶǸ˳˵Һû꣬ҵţҹʹƽ
ڵ̧Իȥˡ
תѹ˺˵µĺݻͷһᣬ˹ȥ

ӣڸһȦܻϪԺ
˵Ǹ֪ô¤ȫСԱ˴ⱲӶˣҲǼˣҺҺá
һ¤ײ֮ɼжĥֻء
ж¤֮飬Сβͻûüȥ
ӣѹüŪ۵صаҺ˵үˣˣںأҶ˵⼸ϣڿޣ֪ǿ޴ӻǿԼ
ȻĸŮԴϻһʮ˴ϣδйκμ檣ʶϲƽôá
ֽӿڵⱾ֮Уүõֻдһӣ񡭡ȡȣˣܲܶҵɣ϶Ҫһǲˣǻǵһ
ӣڸſڴ˴ӺӵҲ֪˭˵ү浽컯յôһˣǱ˵Ѱ
ٺ١ЦǴģҪ˵Ӻͷ죬ָʲôˣɲǱӦˡ
΢΢üȳ£Ҷ޹⣬±Ц㻹Цɸұɣ롣
ӣԴ
̾ҿĹԴӷȥԽûĵطˣԼֳ˭뵽أ۸ǱӸȥˣ֪ūĸζء
Ҳʮǰ粽㣬ԺҪˣչˣô죬ķĲء
ݸһЦĿ˵ʲôأСӼҼҵģһָչ𣿺οߣȥҰݵ㣬̫࣬úóԷú˯㳤¡
ǳڷ˵УһûĺӣôڷǰʾɷأаУСУȥˡ

ǰ²ɵݴ裬ھŰյݿˣɫ꣬
ֽյϣܣ롣
ӹȴڰϣϲȲ裬ģûʲô˼
ҽ˱õ顣
ҪѾСˣǸȻܾ
˵ףЦصȻСˣûǴĻٹ£ʮˣΪʱڣүڴ¤һչŸء
⻰˵̫ˡ
俴һۣôڸ𣿡
˺尲פ˼죬Ԫۺ͹ֱ̫Բʱʱ̿Ͻߡϧ˺躿ȥеģһûж˼
Ϊʲôߣ̫󻹲𣬾ΪС쵰
̫æٽȥԸȥ̽̽Ŀڷ硣
Ҳ̹Ȼأ尲Ͼǹ಻ʣ飬Ҳʡùүġ
ҵеߣҵķ˼ǰΣûһˣˣҪ۸ˣʵǷĲ¡ҲΪա
ȥôǹүĵӣޱȣβʡװģģҿҲ۵ûš
ǿɲСȻϲ˼ҵˣҪ֪ʵ飬ȻˣһҪȰȢٸ
ĵⲻ𣿿ɼˣ۴СģҪǷǲġɲ˵
ƽΣ֮ǰǴģĪ˵̫νȷʵǸġ
΢һ£Цˣи뷨֪Ƿ׵
˵
˵Ķӳ£ҵˣҪһ檣ΪŮ
ҲǸƤʵģһḾˣ˵飬ɫ糣ҿʲô檣ͷķȥˣȢһλ˲ƽиɵĸţҲίˡ
۾һмֵʲôѡ
˵ԼҲģ˹صɵúأһλӪУξǸ˼ҳģҵŮʮˣдֹУʡ
λҲ˵ãǰͷһ˼ңʱδһȥˣ˺üꡣһ˼ңʱҷ˹ˣТ꣬ڶδȲƸˡôһȥģ͸ˣҵĶ켱ˡ
渵ذЩԵɶ͹˵ˣ΢΢һЦйˬ˼أһô˶ϵģܷģɩҸ¾״ֻҪλȥܰǸʰ÷ģܴӴ˺庣̡
ļٵģŰɣ￿ס
ɩʲôΪˣ㻹ûʮְգҸҺ⺣ڣҿŰɣλأסܿȵġ

ʮƵգ˻ޡ
ƽӭȢķϹš
׵ɻ飬ǰһµʱ䣬ίʵֲִˣǣýġҲùµģϻ̳Ͽ֣аɵء
·ҵļƽһ㣬ֱʮ꣬˵ûʲôģڻǰλϵ涼ûм
ϹѩֶǸĵˣڴؽ˶ҿϵĸͷ
סˡ
λȫĹûаֽ֮ˡ෴ü۴Ũӷɫڣ»֮գϲѩ׵ĸۡĨʺĿ֬զһסˡ
ᣬд
ǿЦһ£ϵΪն˵ƣеͷȥ鷿һѡ
˵꣬תҪȥ
үϵˡεεģ񻹵һ¡
վַȥеζʮָ֣ܾﲻԾ
ҵĴϲ֮գүЪţҪȥأ
عͷһۣҡͷҲˣ㰲Ъɣصҡ
΢΢һЦǰͷҲ˵ˣĪǺүҪȥ𣿡
ҵİţ֪
Ȼһ䡱һľķѣϵĺһء
⧲ųһ㡢㡭
ϵɫǺģĻȥ˼ҧгݵζүҺ˵أС͸ŸھӪ߶ϹɱУƢҲܲãңȻޣңͰɱˣ
ֱĿɿڴŵŵص㡢ôң
ͷ룬ֵǣɱίʵ׵ҪҸ֪ˣҵġ
һ
ЦžӣôţҽȰȴˣҿ㻹ôȥǸ
ȥͬץһ㣬˹ó棬ôһˣм֮
øҷ£
ϵ̧
ĿڣҴˡҴˣҲˣ
бƳ֪ˣ
ǡǣҹˣŶǺ˲Ҫϣȼ޸ˣԵͬģٲῴŮһۡ
Űſˡ
һ²վˡ
ԸͷˣȥȥһݺҺͺүûء
Ѿ÷еĶŵôҳɿذ˵ıöˡ
ת΢΢һЦүǵĶ֮ҹвɹˡ
鲻Խش˸¡

ڶգҵĶŮҪ·˾衣
һˣڴ
ɫήҲ֪ģ˵Ƕҹˣ֪ģΪ˴һƵġ
λϷ˵ˬȥŨױʣɫڣһ˫۾񣬿ȥΪӣơ
ӵԤգڿС۷䣺
Ϊһ캣ŮǿΪ׷Ůһ·ֻǱŮ˵ıҹ¡
СҲ֪ԼΪܻᵱϻʺǰ٣ǵʢ衣ֻἡǡޣ
һʧ佫׷޼ǣʣʾǺܲ

 29 

ֻ粹ݼλĸ
֪ӶڷвԸ, ϵĽߵģԭݹ, ԭ϶, λˡ
粵ǹؾصع¸Ͽͷػһĸס
ϸϽȥ粣
ЦЦ, ˬʴ󷽣˵㣬Ǹú, ҺϲռȻһĸס, ұ㵱ԼŮһ㡢, в, ҲԻѵ, ɵã
粵һ, ˿ϡ
üϢĿ΢Ц, Ȼòȴһ֮⡣
һůͷӦǣĸס
óһ˫Ƴγεĳ, 粵, Цеظϣĸ׸񣬱
˫ӷʮ㣬ִ, ѹϳġ
ϻҪ޵⺢ӣ̫ˣȫûһΣҪã㿴ӴأԺҪǡ
粼ֱЦãǸмģǣлĸס
˻ȥƵʵӣôǹ
µصǸ֪ӲãһֱԴǺӣԼе㽿𼱣ȥǡ
ùܼҹȥˡ
˰죬ܼһˣȴûˡ
ү˵ţ˷纮˵Ҫź
㣺ӣ̫ˣȵȣȥС
ϿЦȴû˿Ц⣺ˣͲعˡ
ûüһֽżԭͼŮҲܲҪǰͷƣǼ£Ȼǿĸãһɢ˻ȥүȥѼ׸һģɻǹ黹ǹమȥ
һĿɿڴ⡢⡢ʹã
ЦʹãǸֱӣݲɳӣ֣ұػʮ֣ңߣҲŮҲҺҽϾЦ˭ģ
˵˵ţˣ̲סҪӡ
Ҫιȥˡ
Ƣ𱬡գͺɱʵǳԲýҲûӰˣֱ֪Ǻˡ
Ͻסϵ֣㡢㣬嶯
ԭϣصظˣĵվںͷţýζʵǸˣٺʲˣǴ͡
Ŀһת˹Ǻ˭ͦɵġ
Ӧĸҵıܣ̣ĸˣݾҡ
ȻƢңĳȴ֮⣬֣úӣ
̵ֻ߹ȥ񣬺ص˺á
ҲĳƺʤͷЦеصǰͷ˵ֶӣҲֻܰҵĸȥǳ԰ɡ
ǡǺˣЦ⣬ҲֻܽˣĬĬ߿
˲ͷϵĺˣҲˣɢ˰ɡ

һְһ¡
к£
ǸôݼˣѲҪҹȥݼ𣿡
⻰;ôƲæЦ⻰Ӻ˵𣬸ող˵Ⱦ˷纮ǲ㣬ϴˣҾͽ㾴衣
˵ף۴ϵģ᲻ǰС͡
صҸң¶ҪأͷĹػˣѰˡǰɣ޷
תͷվŮȥŅ̀
ϵŮУξļūͣҲʿǼȸϣȭŹȻ´Ӧǣ
ŮӲŴܼҴ·ȥҴˡ
ҲǡҲǣվתȦӡ
е˲裬º͵粣ҪҪһȲ裿
еЦ죬ҡͷ
˴Σϵ˻ûȵˡ
󵨵ūţң̫ˣҸ㣬ǰǰҲǿͿģʲôŲţͽкүʰһ١
ĵѣ޲óȥѴϵͶס
ϵЦˣ˵ȥͷʮģǺˡ
ŮŴϵĸ첲Ӳسˡ
ɢһͷѻ˿ͷһ˫ѩ׵㣬Ŀӯӯһͷ˵ǰסĽš
үүҪ۸ˣԺڸ˵ҪôҰ
ò˵ҲʵǸˣѮˣǷϳǺǰһȽϣԵĶˣᰧģļⶼ
Ϲģ㻹ţҪϧԼӡ
صذѲ豭ҵϣѵһ
ҪѴϷ⶯ֶһ£ˤ˵ϣϡؽһ¡
ϴŭӸҿ𣿡
п˵壬֣ǣûУ
ϺһԴϵ£
ϵɴ۾ƾʲôҹǰҲȽš
죡˴ϵĻ
ϵŮ˵ȥסϵ죬ҿͷһٶ⡣
˵Ǵϵڶΰˡ
ǰǴΣǼŮʷ˹̫ʵŻģе֣üãȥòңʵû˵ǡ
ΣҵŮ൱ʵڣŮǾʵʵش򣬼ȹȥϵʱſ˵ϣۡ³һѪ
˹ȥס˴ϣŭȵס֣Ǹס֣
Ů˶٣һ̧̧ۣ֣Ůˣϵվá
Ϸſ죬һݵ˳Ȼšš
۾һգ˹ȥ
ôˣ۵شУ졢죬̧ȥд
ףȷʵã⼸¾ˣ߯ʣµĴȼţ˼
ָϣֶ㡢㡢̫
Բ𣬺үҵһιܽң֪أеˣ´αȻû˿صǸ
ʩʩȻվԸ򸮵ˣʲôûү˵𣬰̧ȥи
򸮵ж൱һĿɱƽʱˡ
ҪŴһȥ䲻Աǣס䡣
үȥʲôһطȥɣЩ˵ء
߷ߵһ䣺ȥ
ЦЦչѹүҽǸӣҪӣ»أһŲţ
ֽ𣬺òȫͬ
һ

һĩˡ
Ժ滨ҶӣҲӴɨǿݻƵɫصһأ紵ﶼһζ
ЩӶˣ粳һ飬ﰲؿš
࣬ѵ徲ʱ⡣
Ǿŷһ룬ͷ¡
粴˴վ
촩Źʱ粸ѣĸӳúܿ죬ѴʵѾеͰ͵ˣֱͦΣĳһҲþִ١
ôʲô𣿡
촽˶ֵͷγŲ˵
еЦģǿɣǲʲôˣʵ
粽㣬ҪˡȻͻأ˵һ䡣
Ҫȥ棿粲ûзӦ
Ҫˣ뿪ҡ뿪㣬粽㣬𣿡
۾⻹ҪѤáҪңȴ
˵ʲôأ뿪ңȥ֡
Ҹ®ݵľɲǰҵң˵ھ·ҪӾȥϼ꣬һ粽㣬Ҿͻ㣬һҪҰ
СС˵š
粷еվʵʵվ
ٲ߳ȥ
ȴҡͷ㲻Ҫ粽㣬ҾǲסңˣҾˡ
ּҲȥʹסСҽ˹
شĻ粽㣬ֻסң˶Уԣ㲻Ҫ
ڿЦġǸӣʱ˲٣üĿѾһӢͦϢȻǲֳѣȴձǸӡ
ʰƽյᶨĿ峺粣·ʲôطȻԭһˡ
粲һãȻ컹һҪչ˵ĺӣôһӾͱأ
еĲ˵ʲô㸸׵ľɲ֪˼ƭģͻôСȥʲô۵ģ֪жʣһˣҪϧԼΪӵܵТ塣ҪϽ㣬úȥѧö飬տȡף
ЦЦɷ֪Լʲôж־ķ̫СݲңҪȥԶԶĵطԼ·粽㣬ģһһ죬ұزʧ
ΪʲôͻȻ˵ҪߣʲôΪ׼粽Ҫȼ𣿻ʹ͵䱦ҪϣҪʰװ׼̲Ҹɿһ·ȥ
ʲôأҿֶԵֶȥСġЦеſ˫ۣ㿴ϴģΪѣҪߵģֻ
У̫ˣߣߺ𣿡ʶҪȥˣ̲סӴȥҪס
߽˼ڴߣס֡
ġϸĴУһ⣬·ѩ֬һ㣬䲻ֻֻ̫ڻ
صʵҲе£ôΣգȥѣһʲô⣬˵û취ˡ
סڣǳ⣬˵˵
۰Ͱ͵粣ԣ粽㣬һºҾͲˡ
Ƥôǿɺֿ
ǳǳ̫УӰ߲Ǽɫƺл̺С
һƬҶӴƮǰ¡
̽ȥڹͷһǡ
ͷƺҲζůġ
Ǹǻë伸оһȫѪҺӿյҲعţĴɤˡ
۾ģصȥʮҶ᲻ϴͷˡ
粲֪ǸǸЦС棬ǿ̫ˡ
ᣬҪſ粵֡
ǣץôôֻһһָ᲻ãֱ۵Ҫ
ôߡ
ҸղŻģһ£ǰ·жٷˣҶնһ·ǰңҺܿ㣬粽㣬һҪңͬһ㡣
ѿ粵֣תȥ

Ӱһ£ǷˣҲģһͷ

ڴߣţֱʧУȻԸš
ˣҶⱾһϵ

棬ˣ»ٳҪˡٲԼͷˡ

 30 

ʱ, ӻ΢꣬, ɽ, ľʪ⡣
λھСɽϣƧ, ֻϵɮˣ㡣
ڷ, ϵع, ˫ֺʮ, ĬĬ
®ҵ, ʬǶ硣¤Ƽʢ, ǸȨ, ҵͷԾܶɣһŮҲΪ, ֻƫƧΪ˸һҰƣÿʱݼһı⡣
Զʮư, ϵķҲ˽, һƬ̵߲УЩģ塣
粹˵, ӰƺҲѾʼģˡ
ֻһ꣬ôؿϡ
ת꣬ɽˮԶ֪ڡ
̾һ૵˸ĸ֣飬Ҫӳƽ̩Ҳڴֻչ
粹˰Σ
ɮģҲ֪㵽ȥˡ
ͷ겻֪ʲôʱѾͣˣ΢΢ķ紵˹Ż精ĿȥȵתǴһӻʢ
ӻ̬̫ˣ˼ϲ
˹ȥһ֦ǻ֦Щ˽ţ̧֣ӻ¶һ׵󣬽ꡣ
û֦һִֻӺ˹һ֦
һ˵֣ƿ󣬹ǽڷڴźļ롣
ֻһۣͽĿƿˣܹ
ȴ쵽粵ǰ񣬴һЦ⣺ɽУһֻ
ǸʵʮˣüЩɣĺۼأ粵ȴͬǰҡ
Զɽմ䣬Ժǽ̦Ӱһӻ涣µŮӕiٱ˾̾·ñīճһޡ
粵ͷƹӾ뿪
ǣ֪ð粵ǰ档
ο׳˶վһһң·סˡ
粵ϵģûʲô飺˷֮أж֮ˣ·
ӷɫֻѰº͵Цţȴһɲݾܾĸ߰󣺡⻨£ɹ¡
ӻ˹ƺزա
һĨߺ측粵ķӻޡҧ촽ӹ֦
֦
ػ˻֡˿ˡ
粴Ҵˡ
ıӰȣϸˣ·𲻿һգ֪ӵڻζţ¶һЦ⡣
ԶԶؿѻ֦ˣ˹ȥʰҡҷƢ
ȥ˭ҵŮ졣
ǡ
Ż֦ص޵С
˰Σ½үعˡ
ܻ߹£˿̣뷽ŽȻͬԵءšһ
̴꣬عˡ
عǸ뷢԰׵ߣǰȴһн
Ϸү밲ˡ
ֻܻһף̬ǰģ·Ȼġ
ع˿ãֻѹүУ˾죿ϷʲŽ֮ǰһȥǳϵǿϷϷ򱾴үǺͷ֪ǷүйóȻ֡
ܻȻȻ׵ϴǣڷȥ֮ˣ֮ǱļҾ죬صġ
عԾΪܽԪۿأžرĴȨ˴΢У˽»棬ò¡
Ӧڷؼݣδõ٣˽뾩عԸ鷳ץһЩѱûκΣֻӲͷƤˡ
ܻعɫδЦЦȡ˼飺ϴĪڵЩ
عɫһȥץ
ܻ˹ͳ˻ӣ˻𣬵ع棬Щյˡ
ҽƵ䵽˵ϣعҲ䶨ſȻܻүټϷ򣬲֪кҪ£˵޷õϷ֮Ϊ
̴Ӷ˳ȥš

֮󣬷Ŵˣع
ܻ˳ºͣϴߡ
عɫЩף۾ȴð⡣ܻ˹֣ٲҪߣͣү˴ɾ
Ҽ̾Ҫ뿪Ҫˣģ֪ҽ֮¡
عˡ
̴ܻ˸ƣȥɮǷڣ©ˡ
̴ӻ⣬ȥ
̧ܻͷ˿ǽǵһӻϧ̾һϧˣס

Ĵ⵭ģ滨ӰӺбһƬǳס
粷е¶˰հǾȵ飺ʲô£ҪΪ
ɲ𣿡Ͽյصڼݣô֪㣬һ˾͵ˣ̬ȵʮֿô˵ԵȥǺõģ֪Ƕϲϸ˼СģҲֻ׳ŵˣ㸸ӶˣҺһѹס
ܻǽԪ۵壬ԽǳͣȵʱͶܼܵɵ֣رԼķؼСľӪûиȵκλᡣ
ȵۼݱλ¤һ൱˭Ҳκβ˭ֻܱ˵ʱ̫ӺΡʶȻλȨأ尲ǣȴеɵζƽն̫ἰ
ȻǹŮӣԴҲжţ˵ֻĸĺǣ¶϶ϲס(  
̾˵ʵ粰Ҿеϧģڹеʱǽһָͽ¸Ӣ˫ǸӣҶ̫갡尲ټǧء
粺⼸Ϥˣ֪޳Ǹ˵ˬֱ棬ɵЦĸף⻰ĪҲټǧеһ
ϳ粼˼۾ȻҵҸ׺ֳ˵;ȫõӡ
죬ԳԵЦ˵ﵱǹҵλ𣿡
׵δ֮սɳϻΪ˺ܶ꣬˻֮ڡ˵Ѿʹֻʱõļˡ
üֱ׳صǰˣ£ɲһҪԸȢңҲŲҵСء
˵˵ţԼЦ۾ӯӯ⡣
סϵ֣ذο
ֻһ˲˸Уܿȥˣһۣص粣Һ˵һĻԸҲҡ
ĸ뽲
ҲСˣ˵ò֪ŮӵסĶҪúΪԼһ£껪ֻܼ޸㸸ˡ
˵ʵֱ̫ˣ粿ЦãĸףŮߣ丸ĸ֮˵Ҷ֪ôӻˡ
ϣĵˣʲô˵ģһǴǴϻϹ
ϻȻô˵ȴ˿ûаԹ֮飬Ȿ£ܷʲôӣܰӹ̹ġ
ʮһ㣬Ҳ֪ƣ룬ضϵĸԣҶˣˣٵȳ꣬δҾѰ˼ˣҲԵסĸǰˡ
Ǹͨ͸ĺӣͶˡˡ
ѾʷҵĴءҵӣߣةҵҲҰ̫ϲˣҲãĸҪˡ
ҪˣְǴȤһ䣺粣ĲĲ뵱Ҫ˵ȥٹἵʵ۾ˡ
ɺ죬ĸף˵Ҫˡ
Цˡ
˿⣬ʱŨһ滨ѩ
˵ǸڴΣģãȻ

ּҵĲ軨ã´ŨּҰһͻ硣
ּҵĹǸ߹°ˣȤζͶΪĹ֮һҲӡ
ָԳȥˡ
ֳΪ佫ֵܶˣһһ䣬ʵȨسϷڣֵûзּңסһ飬ʶլӾ͸ؿݻ
լӵһƬ԰ӣֵĶǲ軨д֦ġ˲裬ذаױ顢ĵѩϡһĸ¥յ̨࣬񾡽ʢţ˵̺ķ⣬Ҳ尲һ
׻ѩǻǳķɫشһƩߵϼȾһ԰ɫ
ӦĹ԰ݺ󹾹ģʮ֦֡ҡҷԶˡ
粽ʱ򣬳澲һ£˽
ίʵ̫òˣݹˣˣǣѾʮˣȻֹУ尲Ҳټġ
ڼҵĹǼʡǳ꣬һ㣬ⲻ˴һ˵һ
Ůӣ裬ϧԵ죬װ׹òɼ֮£ʮȫʮġôţ־ࡣ
翴˳һۣ粵ǣһȺСģ޷Ǽˡ
㳡Ҳùˣ˿Ϊ⣬ǳǳЦЦ嵭滨Ҳûʲôұò˼˵˵Ҳ޷
ʧЦ㵹ǸƤӺġ
Աȥ˵强ˡ
ǱߵĹ粵ĵԵһ£Ƭ̣عּҵղǸ⡣
ĵãֻۡ
ּӣ˵ļλ𣿡ʷҵĴԻãһŮӣ˼ҵһ죬۾ġ
ĹԼһ뷨ֻǲ˼һεֻۡ
ֻ۳ΪĿ֮ڣбжˣ̧򢣺ĹҲĹͣǰһˣҲˣ¾ҼСҴǰ컹ֽһһգ۹ͱڵˣҾǱȴ˵ĻҪ
ǹǹעĲ
ˣλò˵ˡ֮赡š֥֪Ǽ٣
ֻۻһۣƵصǲŵġ
ʧ̾һ֪޷ݾˣˡ
ֻ۵θڣʩʩȻʲôš֥ЩݾЩӵģ䲻ǵĹɡ
뱣Լׯ̬ϧ˵ɣҲ̲סһסЦɵɵģҴûмôӢĶɣķͬϵ̫һ㣬ԣվ˵ֻҪһۣѽҾ;ȶˡ
ֺ˵ˣҲŲŹɻῴء
ֻǺǰɺʹֱԵʱҾԱߣ϶ˡ
һλҵĿԱߣһˮǶˣ˼ǹүΨһĵӣεݣǿФģϻȥ̫Ҫιء
¤Ȩ£¤ĹĹӣ磬ս⼸¤ľս£ūϷԽᣬºպս˽Եйϣǡ
һӢۣƫƫһӣŮ㵹
ǵӸģССص̷ĹɾȻҷˣҲԸġ
ˣ˭أĹټǧ㿴ҡҿ㣬ԳԵЦ
һֱҡͷ㿴ǣû֣ͳǸҲǷħˣǰ߶죬ɰˡ
ءһתЦȷǸõģҲԶԶؿһֻۣ廪ϧѾ˼ңȻҲҪȥһġ
ֱָߵһ軨ЦȰϧȡǰĪȥˡ
㻹ңұ㻹Сһ꣬ٹ¾Ҫˣ㣬ҵǸôأôˣһѶҲޣǲ֮ˣңڣɵӻҪȥ𣿡
Ͳ˵ˣֻ΢Цѡ
Щ˵ЦţָĹܼҴŮһɫ൤軨ǰ棬һ£ָп޵Ƕ֦ˣɡ
ɫ൤˻Ʒӻ⣬ǳŨɫˮȾصˣʮ԰Ʒ֡
üͷ΢壺ܼңʲôأ⻨úúõģͻأȴɷ羰
ܼҹĹ֪ԺǱߴӺͼɾڱԼ˸ͷŵͲ軨ЩɾҪһ俪õĻȥȤζ
ԺסϽõĲ佫Ⱥɽܼ˵ĴӣȺɽĳǣֻ۷˵ġһգ۾ͱϡλ֡
Ⱥٵεػ˻֡
ܼý֦ɫ൤Ĳ軨ˡ
ǱΣø첲ֻۣüŪ۵ģãǹȥɡ
ֻббƳһ£軨ÿȥЩʲô˼ִʲô⣿
յֻ۵Ķ˵䡣
ֻۺЦ߲ߣͰ͵عȥ˼ң֪ϲϳأ
ȥš죺ϣ֪ͳˣô³ʲôѽ˵Լûͷ𣿡
ֻҧ촽ЦŲ˵
мΧ˹õؽţڡ
ΣֻվЦе֡
Щ˺ߣֻѣҸȥм˵ģ졢һӵֻ۹ȥˡ

23¡Ժÿ21׼ʱո
ӵģԤգڿС۷䣺
Ϊһ캣ŮǿΪ׷Ůһ·ֻǱŮ˵ıҹ¡
СҲ֪ԼΪܻᵱϻʺǰ٣ǵʢ衣ֻἡǡޣ
һʧ佫׷޼ǣʣʾǺܲ

 31 

佫ȺɽǸʮ, ھһԱݵĺʱ, ̬ȴǼΪ, Էһ裺Ĺӣ롣
ӹ˲, ַֻŵ˰ϣؿȺɽһۣҽ㶼׼׵ˣ
ǡյӵ, ǰҾȥɰ, ٳƤޡ󡢽󣬸ɫܹһٶʮ̧, Ϻõ, , ֻ㡢һƽ, úװˣ¹ȥƸ, ȢʼҵĹҲ׵ġ
Ƕ԰¹أ׵𣿡
ǰȺɽѰһ԰¹쿴ˣһֻβиӵ, ִȥѰˡ
Ĺӷ, ´ɽĻʼԳǱ˵µһֻ¹ҶԼȥ׵
صͷҽ˵, 𣿡
Ⱥɽ¿Ǵϴһǲô࣬ҼҶܱҴӲʱȥ
ЦЦؿȺɽһۣôֻҸ׵ʹ𣿡
Ī˿ºͿףȺɽǼսϵ纷̬֮ȻϽˣС˲ҡ
Ⱥɽ¤ľɲ佫¤һģȻԹΨǴӡǣλĹӵ뷨ʵڹڷ˼ˣȺɽ䤱
ӵݣð˼ҵӵܣ˾ӭȢһλΪޣ飬Ⱥɽһ֪¤Ȼǲͬġ
ӺͶӣȻҪһҪȺɽ᲻ѣᶼˡ
ýż˵ȺɽϥǣжϥлƽʲôûнӸ㣬
Ⱥɽ͵͵ŹɫĹӣȻ£Ҫλ÷޵ģҲүǷӦʣǹãС˵Ƕ·ǿҪġ
ֻЦЦΪһЩԵʣҲòԼݣͲˡЩǣҲǣѾδˣȻ˵ʵ飬»ᾪŵƸףҴ¤ٰóףʱ˵
үǱߡ
ҵԵԼվȺɽļ򣬡ˣҪ£סҵĻͺá
ͷ̽ͷ̽Եġ
俴һִۣˣҵĴ㣿
Ⱥɽͷһͣӣʲô
Ⱥɽĳǽһ񣺡Ĺӡ
º͵ЦЦк£
Ƿűֻ۲˰죬ʵѲӲͷƤ֨֨صҽԼ˼ѹԼһĹӽĽѣùӽڴˣ빫͹⣬³Ϊҵָһ
ȺɽصȥȥȥЩèĹҼ˶ҪЦҵĹǰˣּҵ滹ñ֡
ףյؽһ
ãпɣִ˲ˣ޷£ҹȥ
ּҸŹߵУǱߣԶԶؾͿһȺ֦չĹţһŽš
Ⱥɽʲô׵ģһƺǵĺף𣿡
Ǳͷҿ
䵭ؿȺɽһۣϵŮ죬Ҳδ̫һЩ
ȺɽЦҼ˼軨ƫеĸ˺԰ڣһʲô軨磬⾩ټҵŮйˣЩСͰո֣£֡
һɨһȺݺݺࡣ
ĿʶǱߵŮǼ˹Ȼ˵һѣ֪η廹ǱʲôԵʡ
䲢ûпǸǣǵӰһЩꡣֿȺɽһۣüͷ˺ܶ𣬿֪Щ˼ҵĹ
ȺɽçżҲиʱһ£ϷӦԵȣȥʣǷҵĹ
еЩ깫Ӽ˹䣬һ񣬱㣬ЩнҲĸģ¶ֲ
ֹܼҶŽ̹еǶ軨ڴСɫ죬ɷ
ЦԻΪ˭˱ȥ
од󵨵˿ŹĳţĹӱһ֪Ĺӿɷң
ʱȺɽֻˣԹ˵䡣
۾ٿȻɷִˣȥҵĹȡ
ȺɽҵȥѹĹͼȡ˹ͬؿ˿ЩԾԾԵ깫һۡ
Ѿ̹ˣ˺һЦĹӣǼ޷ˣѣ档
ŹѰĳһЩۺ͹ҶڳɫԼĹһĸҲڵģȴѩ׵ģڰɫ
Ӽг֧ǵǰŲǽǱȥ
ԭٲ⡣
ԣʮڵعȥѰŲ˿ǽĵطԼٲԶĵطˡ
ԱߵЩС˷ˣͷͷ󹾹˵ͣһ˵һĿתŹ䡣
ǸӢýѣĿ꣬糤ȣԳƾ̬Ӣͦư
Сǵǵͨ졣
ƿ֮ٿȻ𣬲һֻ֮

һ֧ǰڰ;ڶ֧ͬһɫһ㱼Ϯβƿǰļˣһֱֱ֧г룬ȥƲЪಡضڰеĺϡ
Ȼ֧ƿ˵ڶ֧͸˺ģ͸жֻ°ذɫβںĴ΢΢
һֻ˲䣬˵ǰ·𻹲źɫڿлĲӰ䶨˳
ǱߵĹǼ尲һ£Ȼ뷢ǼŰЩǴӴ͵״̬оѹϽס˶䡣
ǰ˹ȥҪһʱȴòӣһ£ͷĹӣļѰӺǽһȥˡ
ߵӹ˹Ĺͼ
֣Ⱥɽһʱûס֣ҵǽԲס
Ⱥɽæӿˣҵ
ָĹܼʮǽ̾͹ˣؽеĲ軨ʸ˹䡣
΢΢Цţ˳ˣ˭˻
֮£Цʣ˵ķ

粺˵Żֻۺһﶼˡ
翴㱡ŲƯӣЩԾʵôˣ
ֻԺص㣬˵Ҫ侲һ¡
ֻۣǼͬȥĹҲ
ΧȥǼ𣿿˵ѽһɵɵӣĪǱŵˡ
Ȼع̾շ֪жǣЩǣ͹ɱֱǰһãֻЬ
ֻۻ㱵صǲܣҲΪЬأֵõǡ
˿ڣʶԼ˵ʲôߵסеǿ쵱ûɡ
Цһš
ȺεεŮǣɳѪսж֮뾩˹Ӵ֮ͬòٱݸ߹ޱȣ⼸ôۺһ˵㽣Ͼ꣬ĸŮء
ҡͷ̾ȺḡСӣҼǵϸ߶Ļǽ¿״ԪҵӣôһתۣͱɹˣҲ߯ˡ
ʱǱ߹Ůǵױ鸮ѾǲͬɫȻţȴǻһʮòš
ЩŮȥݾֹǳڣе棬࿴˼ۣʵ˭ҴŮôų
ֻãȻҡͷʾҲ֪
ŮĿбӣֱߵ粵ߡ
һŮɡΪס̫ͷԽԽˣƤۣɹãūΪɡ
һỤ̊һһһŮɽλ̣ɫɻ⣬̸߾ٹͷ
һŮصһյ裬ط粵ǰȲ裬ǽ²ɵȸë⣬ζ䵭ȴԶƷƷ⣬ū澸ݴ߾ɽ룬⼸Скζģһʱִ٣ȫൣŵ㡣
һŮŷṆ̀ɷǶɫ൤軨
һŮƺͷģ˫ǲ軨̬ʮֹǼҹӵ軨͸˵ֻйˣŵҪū澸𣿡
侲Գ֣Ҳɳһǹ˭Ǻ⣿
Ů¤ū澣ŷĹӵġĹӾ绪˫ĽһƬϣ㻨ˣֻ󲩹һЦ⡣
ΧЩˢһ£뿴˹۾Ǻġ
૵صҼǵӷ·ҲôҲʲôõĶһ˶ռȥˣǿô죿
Ծɼǵ¤®ҵĹϸ˸У鵭Įվ˹ӵ⣬ѣܲջذɡ
Ůū澲֪˵ˣùգǲգͷҪū澼ģ
粱ٲߣŵôԣͣŮнӹ˻º͵صǣˣɺã
ǣлū澸мŮصͷ
粵һЦֽǶ軨׵˵ϣתȥʧˣҽȻȥˣ㡣
ΣҲֻס
Ǽ¤ŮˣҲվѶʰһ£ʱǰ㣬ʩʩȻ뿪ˡ
ֻ»һڹŮ
ǶĲ軨ڳʼ
ΣֻۺȻ˹ȥס磬ҵĺý㣬ˣֳ棬ɲȻǴҶˡ

ֵƽţ£⼸ȴһֱŲƸ˺˶ӼֱˣҲˣԼˡ
ʶڵû˵أǣվϵǰӵĺԴǶֿС
񣬲ɾ⣬ЦɡˣСԶĽ꣬һƬܵΪޣҴ޶ģԽݲ֮֮˳ȫ
ź̾㿴ȥǸúӣ˵⾩ĺú̫ˣƫƫҼҰ精ۣҲúͷء
СȻţòѧʶǺõģ״ԪҸΪıһٵְλҽö󣬿ɱǸ֪ٵСǿֻҪ˸һЩᣬҺͶ桢˵˵ܻ֪ҵĺô
ֻ粲ԼģȻһҪ粼޸ʵˣ֮£ҵǸ쵰
ϧϾǰͷףҵӻҪģٺãҲܰ
㲻ؿһۣ˵ˣѾ˵°ٱˣҼҶǲɵģԭ֪ģӡ
ģن£֪Ƥ˵ˣϽߵŮ˴Ӹȥˡ
˵ܶˣ»رӽҶĥΣ˵ҪӦˣɲɡ
ԱߵŮӿڵˣǺүģǸƻģѺүÿɺˣŽŵʱ򻹸һϺǫ̃ء
˵ţ˽
˴ֺ֣õЦ⣺ˣ￴һīƹ˵Ѿ˰꣬ʯߵ֮֮֬ܰ㡭
үҲлֱ˵ҶȦӡϴĻ
ȱʮӣ˶䡣Ƥ
ϼҺ¡һȫץţܵģһҪӣӹþˣȻҲѾϰˣȫ֪νһ֮˭ˡ
һôīǱ˰ɡ
ǲܣºիǾӣƹĺǶʶŸסģȻȥˡ
̫󣬲Уȥ粺ҪˣױҪĵطˣ׵Ĳľˣҡ
˵䣬ܼҽˣϺе㾪ɲӡ֪⸮˵˲ֱԹϵˣСӻˣý˺Ƹ˵ҪӭȢ
ţ˵ʲôҶûͷأ˭ôˣϴǲ졣
ҵСӰܼұֻŵģǼһסһ꣬ʱôСôӴɲһˣȥɡ
ŷӦ̻ˡ
Ȼ̻ˡ
ڵվһѵͬһأͬص
ŭ죬˰һٲȥʲôأҵŮϵģ
Цý˴Զ֣ҵҪȻûΪôһѶޣǼҹﵱʲôˣ˵ȢȢҿǷʰ
ŭسȥں档
˻͵ĴȿһӰ
ǸӵθߴӢ䣬ͦñֱͬһĽ
˽Ųعͷ
ббüĿ䣬ҶãüĿ·ǵ̶ɣַ·ˮīն̶¡
һӢӣ˵꣬ôᣬĳ֮ա
Ц¶׵ݣˣ
Ҳʮֺʵģдһ㴼Ĵԡ
ĺÿռ˴ˡٴŭҲǴһ¡


 32 

Ա˿һ, ǰһˣĳˡ
һʮ, Ŀ, ʱ̬ȴʮֺͰȥеΥ͸С
ϱΪ̵, к´һۣǺˡ
Ⱥɽ, 佫, Ϊӱýġ
ںһϽ񣺡ֽ֪ݹ, , ʧ, 뽫
Ⱥɽ, һ񣺡ǰΪСŮԵ֮£ֹλС, 񡣡
Ͼɲæк˿
Ⱥɽ˹һۡɫʾ£ȻԼվȺɽú󱳵ĺˡ
⼸Ŀغ򣬿Źʿ, ;÷, ŲȺɽʲôºһλǺ˰кθϵ
С̣Ҷл֮Լ, ִ˱ýȢү˿ס
ƤЦⲻЦغһСӰôˣѽҶˡ
͵һӣȥˣڼǵûˣҸ㣬ҼҰѾˣ޹ϸϽߣȢ˭Ȣ˭ȢȥҼҡ
һΰѹ˺躴һ١
Ź˺躶սգûһ粣ÿͻдһź˼ĳ
ûյ粵ĻţȻΪҸںδǣû뵽ǣдź˺躽ˣһⲻ©
ֱع㵽尲ȥ粣֮ǰⷢ
ʮַŭ˺ֻص޴־СŮ̬ҲЦ
۾ˣ͸״һ˶ˣȻ뿪
ЩԵɣ䲻Ҷ˵ϱȭϿҵˡЩһֱǰ粽㣬ֽ£ܡ¹ش󣬲й¶ϷֻƬֽ⴫ݣҸԼʵȣ
ȺɽϽǣξҪؾͣǵˡ
ϵĸֶھУ֪Ҳеģⷬ˵ǣ΢΢Щɶ
۲ɫٽһ󹦣÷лŶξ˺ܶʹͣԻˣִ˵ԵɣҵִԸǰΪýˣ֪ҲԣҶ԰粽ȴһƬϡտɼ˳ȫ
ָָͷҵӦ粽㣬ҪϢԹྡܣƸı⣬˹Ŀ
һ㵱Ƥǳ̰ǼӵƸ𣿡
ʱ򣬹ֽܼˣͰ͵ػ˵ˣˡүӴһٶʮ˵ƸҪҽ㣬ҡеԺˣУý˷æ
Ϻһۣ˳ȥ
ͷԺһ˵ˣ϶һ
ԺذŰӣһִ˿էһۿȥ⣬ݻޱȡ
ǰͷɺ߰ˣֵ֦ɼж۴СѪ𣬱硣
ٿǱߣһ԰¹ϵؽţͨѩסƤˮһ˿ëҲûСһԴ㱻ס˳ŲӸ¸µؽлš⼸ֻ޶ǽȥˣģ
е㷢Ͻסǽ϶Щѣ
ں棬ִ֮䣬ȫЩȽţӼª
ҲмªǿһСҫ
ǿĿЩƸƿһҶûӦأ˭ȰƸ̧ˣ
ȺɽһЦ棺ⲻǣýͷξһ˲šܸɡӢ޵УǸѵõӢۣöɣ㿴ʲôģ
ϻɵؿλֽһۣܾ̬еĵζȻ̵˾Ƿ̵ծƵġ
˻֣վʿģļ́һӹϺǰ
һƲӲӵĹ⻪ǾȻһĻƽһģ²
ӵɵöˣ⡢ôӣ
һƽЩļҵ
ϵɫˣôӣòȥ˴˰ɡ
ȺɽӲͷƤǰǸξսͣսȥ궬ʱ¥ūҽԮԶҴξһȥˣԵɺϣ¥жƽ䱦⼸ھеõʹͣ͹ˡ
ⷬȺɽڼĬ飬Ѿʮˣ˵ԴǺ̬УԼҪˡ
¥Ϊ˴˭ء
ááЩƽ񶼵˵Щʲôæصҵվ֪⺢ǸгϢģҵĺˣûи游͸׶ҼлԼǶ϶ϲܷڵģãҲأ죬Ͱѻ²ٰ
ʲôһ˵ˣúݺݵزһš
ʧҽУŽŴ
Цеصлĸˡ
ǿһҿɵƺ飬һҪʰԼ˼Ͼ㶼ôˣ˭֪ǲǵء
Цеصǳɣȥ
תܡ
ŭˣҼҴܣʲôأͣ¡
Ⱥɽصǰ棺ˣƸҲˣһ»ڡ
ͷѾһԶˣᳵ·ֱϪԺȥ
ԺСѾǿһôӢ˺Ȼ˽ϵؾ
粿Ŵţһ滨£ķ޼䣬滨ޡ
ʱڴߺϧ𣬴һﵽһĴû뿪
˹Ծ۾·ǽ˾Ӱ赣вӯӯ
粽㣡һˣ˹ȥ
ٿȻ֣Ѵӡ顱ˡ
һײ棬Ͻɲס˳ίؽһ粽㣬ǳһˣôң
洫粵ģӣңʲôҽУֵúܣŴҹؽһ㡣
ϽתǱȥ
ӣǰŹˣ˻һصءߡһ
俿ſڣѷŶ˵Ļ˵һ飬ȻصЩһֱ㣬սϺüζҪˣһҪ㣬ӲҧŹȥˣûǹ㣬һ̶ûУ粽㣬㻹ǵ˵ϣҪˣһ㣬ûиı
Ĭš
ͷˣΪŻ㣬ҹ·˿ڶеѿˣھúۡ
ִˣ粴վˣҿ
ӣƤһɫʵֱһ˺ۣѾˣԿԿó½ġʵ͸ʱܵˡ
ˣָشһ£ʱͺ˵ˣȥӾΣأƫƫ㣬⼸ǲǾˣ֪֪жൣģ
ԲҲãһˡ
̧۾΢΢һЦ㡣
ʮɺ쳾ķ޾ߴķ⣬ȻеһУֲһЦͬĴڣùȥ
ĶУʶȪˮȥ˪Ψ˼һƬ
ͺãѾܶûôˣڴ˳ԼҲƺôһɬֻԸƽ飬ˡ
ſ˫ۣҪ˹ȥ
䲻һȣҵĳСӣʲô
һŤͷһԭڲģȺɽ׷ˣϾǸˣȵϹܵ÷ɿ죬׷˰죬۵ֱ
ŭؽедǹҵĹҴǵͽӣСҽ˸ȥ
粻عˣ˻ȥ顱һ£ְŹˡ
ԭһƬ컣Ӳرϴˡϣ۾Ҫ
Ͻеøô㻹ߣٲһ㣬ҲѰ粼޸ˣҺ˵ϣ
ͻȻŶʹ
粸Ͻִţĸףôˣ
Żŵؾ֣ҵ£ʲôû
ֱߣסϣôˣﲻ
϶ͷð˺ҧ֪ô£ˣòǱ⻵Сë˰ɡ(  
ǣûϵģʮԩ̲ס顣
ûϪԺְ˽ŵذϷȥˣ粶ȥˣ¹һվ

ʲô
ϼֱԼĶ䣬Ӵ
ŻˣϽסĸסĸףӵˣɲ嶯¡
ԴȢԺ˵;ͣҵķˡˣ桢û
׺ӵϴһۣ˵ϲôԣѾˣϷҽʮˣôῴү㲻Ҫ˵Ϸƿ쵱ġ
һ£ֶˣ̫СˣҺӹǽʵպϲܶҪٶ̥ɲġ
Ȼһֱϣһˣ̳ĶӶûУէȻ˵ˣлϲʤתתȥдʣٺ٣̫ˡ̫ˣ϶Ǹкк
ָֻ˾񣬵۾ʮغȵôŮޣҲҪ𣿡
ҡ֡
㣬ӣҪԼĺˣԺָˣԲҪǸˣá
һ¡


 33 

Ϻһ, 滨¡
ֻ¹ԺһȦת˻ӣ۵ĲҶ, ֻ¹ͷ, ӣҵ־ͳϪԺѾǶϡ档
ֻ㱻˳, ųţϧɲ, á¸¡, Ժȥ
ִͷ, ˩ڲ, סĴβ͡
Ժ÷, ҳȥֻ, õ°ԡ
ЦеصǸãء
ϵŮȥʰˡ
紵滨, Ǳ¹߿СѾЦһоð
һСķ, Ҳò, ̻ζСԺ
ϪԺǽͷһɣȥ͵͵شǽͷðһԴӢ, Цݺϵ̫һ
ʲôأζ㡣
Ź䣬΢΢Ц⣬ǽɣ
ЦŻϦϦߣ⣬ߺΣ
粺΢΢Ĳͷȥ
ϡ͡һɴסɣ˵ʲôأҶ۸û𣿡
粳ϵӣĸףǽȥԷɣ
˭֪ܼҶӣ˼ҷˡ
ſǽͷ۰Ͱ͵粣ҶӶˡ
Ͽ粺ߵɫﻹʲô׵ģֻó֣ģĸԷ
ϲǽͷһԾ¡
꣬ò˷ˡϱǸСڵˣŷƸˣ精ҪˣҲܻ䣬ùһ÷ˡ
رģһ߳ţһ粡
粱üֱԲ·ˣʵл𣿡
ûСЦеصＰÿء
̾ˣʹˣ㲻ЩĹСˣö˶˵سԸҲͣǵôΣҲǰ𣿡
粺ͷȥĸףڴȤҡ
俴粣ⷹҲԵر㣬֪룬Ͼˡ
⺢ӣθҲ߯ˡ
ƤɫɲͣҶٳ롣
㡱ˡ
粱˵ܲˣ룬ӻԼȥˡ
ϣϽ˹㵹Ǻ˵˵ȥʲô㣬㻹ִ˾ǰô죬һҪؿչ𣿡
г񣺡¤ðլӣ׺ʹŰ粹ȥңоûĪ˵粲ģҲ᲻ãıȥְָؼˡ
ö˶˵ģô¤ȥˣ
ȻԺ粹ջ¤ʱٶ˵ʵ飬´棬Ȼķˣڷϣ˵Ҫᷢ䡣
˲ִ֪ϾҪ¤о˾ҺһȥٲҪıǰ̡
Ⱥɽĵ޷ͿŪһݳʱȺɽϷȥôȰ粺¤˵
˵ԼҲԽԽˣм飬Ѿ˾ʮŲˣһţԲ¶ˡ
ӣɫϵоͺЩμɵζ
ʵҲ̫ˣλִ˽Ҫα𴦣ҲȥɣǼҰ粽εεģ˭ȢؼȥҪҺ˵ҿ᲻ȥôԶĵطԿࡣ
µǲЦˣϵ棺˷ģ¤尲֮£ϰߵġҴСͰĽȢȻƱУһϲǡ
ϳĬ˰Σ̾ʵұǲµģǰò尲ٹӰĽһ˶ǺõģƫƫۣҪ㵽ڣұϾĸףûκΣҲǿŤֻϣžӣҪ˽֮ԡ

ϣļϥͷƵش˵ϣߣһʢĵ
Ӵ̽ͷ粵ɣ⻨úÿһ
粵ͷҲ̧ǳЦˣܰڴԱ͵͵ģûëܸĹ
ϵȥ𣿡
Ǳߴؿԣӣ缸㻹СûôིУǻûףҪܻŵ㣬Ĺ뷿ɲܽȻܰȴϡ
ȻҺ޲졢ͺͰ粳ףΪʲôҪ£ļ𣿡
Цţ˭ȢϱóﱸһصģֻΪ𼱻ǵشߴ٣£ﱸż¶ˣ㻹
粣֪ίˣһȨҴӼ򣬵ȺǰΪٲϣһΪ㱸ļ£һ·̺ʮ̧Ļ߰ӭţҪˣȢĹôҶĽҡ
粱˵ÿЦãȻ곤ˣһû䣬ǺСһôҡʲôЦ
һֻ¹ʹˣӣͷСеģŷֹæ
ҡͷЦųȥˡ
һӴⷭ˽
һʲôֲعأ˿ô죿
ҷصúܣ˭Ҳˣûˡ
粵ֺˣǻģҪˡ
źĵɫ꽭ϵĴ⣬һ˹޾ת
粵ǰĿתؿ粣Һ㣬ʱ̶㣬أûңƬҲá
粵ָһ£һ롣˻һ
ץס֡
̵ۣң𣬼Ҫڻ
ʶ
ץţչȥغסָ
ָһѪ飬ȥ
ζַ·е𣬻һζս
鲻Խش˸¡
精һѿˣ̫ţϣסԼߡ
ԼƺҲˣͰ͵صҡҡҲǹģǡѪˣۣ㴵һ
ץֱߵһ˹ȥ
סͷͰͣ㡢ҡҴˣԺҲˡ
һ˵꣬Լ־òԣǣԺԺԵģڲˡ
ԽԽڣյöˣͽӣҳȥ
ʱϵ⴫˽ʲôͽӣ
Žˡ
аɿӴַȥˣɾ䣬ʮѸ͡
ϽÿڷƳһּۣɫ糺죬ﻹʲô׵ģɴŭ
СӣӷʰҲ㣡
ȥץëӣ粵ϵĶӣæȥסĸףûʲô飬Ϲż
䱧ͷܣԶԶػ粣ˣ㣬Ҳġ
ֱǻϽͣϳŹıӰŹڴſڵ㣡

ܻɫµ̽档
ȻôһԵɣǾǹɿеŮˣ˵ôҾܾԭƫɣǿɲãҸźţýظϲḡ
ߵĻŹʾүǷɼȥ͵͵ذλӹ
أܴŪ𣿡ܻƵص飬ҪعҸæˡ
һ̴ӣطԸһ̴ȥˡ
ĻмֳȰүαΪһŮ˴󶯸ɸꣿǴ˷ǰǰ£һãֽȥ¶٣
ܻЦҸˣⲻиֳɵĽҪǣȥݼһҵĺֶغ⿴Һ͹ɶִҲһ¡
¶һζı飬˵ɺӴˣΪǸŮˣһȤˣŪ֣·Ƶġ

ص¤ıԺ
ŮӭֽڣһΪȥѣһˮ裬һ֣һ衣
任˿ɵӣȲ衣
¾һţӣүš
˹ɨһۣڰˣͷģچ£Һ˵ˣѾҷ˶˻ԼȢιģҪϱɣӣ˭Ȣ˭ȥ
¾ŵӵӣνҪиĸ֮ý֮ԣҪǹүһأ˾޸㣬ҲԲ˳
޷µһڲ裬øɿڵġֻܾй֮ܵ˼ҵŮˣظҵķˣԻǹҲԽ
˵ˣʱҴŷ˻¤·Ҫ£ôӹǣܲõȥӺİ˱ңҪӿӹһ£У·ҪչӣզզĲ£ˣҪҼѾ߸š
ɨһ۱̺Ů
Ůϸףӷģūһľٷˡ
ǼСְ۾תˣָˣ֪¤ˡ
źԭ̽ţԹӵܵݸ׸ڣϧȻܾˡ
ȥ˳ЩܸɵĹˣźϸµġ
ţ¾̲סڱصؿһ
俴˳¾һۣô˵ʲô
¾ԼƽﶼӢǡɱϵģһ漰ҹ飬ͺһƵģ˲ֱӡ
¾ĵˣӣ˶Ҫˣ㻹ûҪ֪࣬᲻ᱻ
ǿ϶ǻġ
䱻¾һˮʮɨˣΣزˣﻢ£ڹۣܸ𣿡
¾̵صӣһµȾ٣й͢õİ˱ù̷ˣⲻ¶ҿ㻹ʵʵʹֱСѾͷȽ׵
һʱ߳ŭˣȥȥȥԼŶûأ㶮ʲô߿
¾ΪѾһ͵ְͬĿ⿴˹һۣ˳ȥˡ
䱻¾ôһϣ֮鶼ɢˣԭεĲӿ˻֣ŮǶȥˡ
ϵĲ轥ˡ
ڷתȦӣתתȥת䣬Ҳòһ³̡
¹Ӵ˽䣬ͬ۲һֱӳĵȥ
˰ָĴУô̲סԼ촽·𻹲ζһ
粣ԭ𣿡̧ͷϵ£૵ʵ



 34 

, ĥĥ˰죬ȥ, ȴع, ͬȥѲ尲ɽӪعƹܵӪء
عǸ곤Ͻڽ, ¤Ҳнǿġ
عԵ, ɽӪǰڴӱһս, ѵؼгЧ, ¤֮, ʶعǰȥָһ
Ͼ, ŵô²еѪ
, ʵȥ̹ݣ岻һعԼ, ǡΪԼѰһӵɣϸعˡ 

һȺſɱſڵİձһ׷ÿһ
ڳͣ, Χסܻ, һְڵϣ壬ٴС
ܻڸͷ֮, űδУ߰˸ӣȥ޺ģ֪ͷı˿Ҵ⡣
ξٷظܻ񣺡С˲μ¡Ͽͣگ뾩Ʋϣٻתأسӱ֣Խ֮١
ܻº͵صξδʣá˴ǰΪһҪ˽£ϲġ㿴һˣкηǶˡ
ξһ죬ʵڲǣλı̫ãԪ۲ò
ܻЦҪȥݼϣͷξ·ɡ
ξԥһ£λȨأÿܣ±δǰвξףˣڳȺүСɡ
ܻһƣ˺ʮףؾصڳ֮š
ξһڱֱܻӽ˻ʹڰȺ
˴죬ȥͨڼʩʩȻ
ܻΪƣɫؽȥˡ
鷿ڣԪ۸߸ߵׯµ飬ܻ¹ߵͷʱȻüͷ
ƽ
ܻ¡
þӼݣδҲΪ֪˴кҪ£
ܻЦһ£ʵƲģδ뽨Ԫ˺֮ϣҪԻʵΪҪ飬ȻҪڵٲȺͽԪ۴к
֮ǰ˸һŮӵĻ񣬵Ǿ歡˫һģҪΪǲ˵ɣδϾܣǱδԳ⣬Բȡ˻ģʴˣ˽˹ɫҲֵñǧﱼ
Ԫ۾Ц˭Ҽ˶ݣ
ƽŮ
Ԫ۲㱻ԼǺˣ͵ؿ
¸Ͻǰϣû°ɡ
Ԫ۸ؿڣŻظ
ܻеصôˣǷ𣿡
Ԫ۸Ͻҡͷ޷£ѹֻҪˣҲ延ϲ޼̴һͣھоܱ˴£ȥ˽ӻȥɡ
Ԫ۶ԵŹ̼ģÿÿҧгݡȻ˵粣ҲԵˣĥĺ̲סĻŭš
ԪԼûͣǲ¤˼ҡҲҵǹˣǼֱܸˣԪ뼰˽ڣҪİкá
ܻЦһ󣬻汾һɲּ⣬δ֪ɷ񣿡
Ԫֿ
¸ϣȾ˷纮ӦúúЪϢǣвɲ͹£ۼ尲
¸ǸĺūţԪ۽סؿڡ
޾ͷεúܣ¸ȥ̫ҽٸ޿һԪתܻ޽岻ʣ̸ˣ°ɡ
ܻƺеźӣˣǱȥ飬븮ּ֮Ͱɡ
Ԫֻûطŵ¸֣ɿˡ
߳鷿ֱͦˣӡȻȥǵĹС
ʺԴӴŭ˽Ԫۣѱ乬ֻ꣬丸׹پӸλΪŹسԪһʱֻռ˸ʺ󹬵ʵȨѹ齨Ԫ谮ƹܡ
ϣĹڸһԪ۾Ͱζ
Ԫ۽ӯӯӭ˽ĻУŻأϾ͹ˣĪϬ
ԪһѣһҲ֪ô£ʹؾ͹ˡ
ŰĽ֮ҪǣݹԽޣлϲʤĽԪۣҲµ˸۶
Ȥˡ
Ԫ۴Ц§ȥ
ʵ檷˵ˣ֪Ϊ
ԪЦеص忴ƽҵŮӣΪΪԵʣԵ尲û뵽һˣȻҲ˷ͷ
ͽԪ۷һȻҵؿ
ôˣ
ܵüͷȻؿƵûţǲˡ
ԪΪذŵϣЪϢϽ̫ҽ
۲תģ·߲˼ǳ檽첻̷ˣѹ
Ԫۿ˹£޽չ˰
ȵøˣȥƽԪۣϻǿߣ³ⲡˣǳ檸ѹˣ뿪檡
Ԫۻ´һɷ˵ƿˣ˹˹ͻϳȥ
Ԫֻˡ
ԪǰŸߣϾشӴǸ˸Ͻˡ
ţ졢졢죬˸ĹȥѶϹȥȻֽһ㣬ϱҪ޵˼ȥˡ
˵Լֳһ£Ҳԣүһ򷴶飬Ȼ˳ˮۣϸȥ
Ĺ۹۱ǣǹģһԲ
˰죬ǷŶͷ̾⸸ͷۣˡˣҪúúţȥĹһɣܲûԼ컯ˡ

ƽ
˵棬ȵվǼң
мֲĸо
ǣȥ
ݣȵҪ粣ͲΥԸ
ϼ֮ǰ˵֮£ֱģҵƸˣҸȻſҲӽľٶɡ
ϰµģҲûƽϣֻһȥ粣ԼȽһȥˡ
ڴݸ߹󣬹ȻϵĿһӢ˿ţȴŨŨĲ
ϣһȥμү
ɡ
ܻº͵ģȴһֲư·ʩһذ˰֡
꣬粳ˣܻɫƽģֻ촽Щ԰ףӯӯˣСŮӼү
ܻζĿ
ͷ¶һѩ׵ľ֬һ㣬ö
ܻ΢΢Цϣ㣬Ϊǰ˹㾹Ȼؾ˱ôĪǱ䲻ô
СŮӲңֻСŮѾ˼ңү񰮡
ܻȻʲô˼ңҵġǹ˼ҵģԼ֪ɡ
ܻƽŮɫϲʮֿأ֮ȴһֱңŮӼǹĽģУζȻʮɣܻв޶š
ʲô˼ңͱ˵ҵ뿴˭ôĵӣҶȡͷáܻ˵ĻﲢʮȴٿȻ͸һɴ̹ǵɷ
̧ͷ۽һۣǬȻүΪСӢοΪһŮӣ̧֣ŹҰɣһӸĶ¡
ܻݣʱ˵أ˵ĻݲκΥϣҿ㣬ĸ֣ĪҪ飬⸣ֻ֣»һ´
⻰Ѿʮˣת
վ峺ȴһɸҼ֮⣺Ѿ®ӣҵɾȻʱڣ಻֮ˡүʢ飬ҹ̲ܴǣΨһ֤⡣
˵꣬ԥеǸӺݺݵײȥ
ܻ˵棬Ѿ֪ԣԾ𣬼˹ȥסһ
һģܻĻУŭſң
ô֫ôϸͬ¹µ滨޳㣬ܻʯĳҲҡҷһ¡
ܻס粵εץס͵͵Цһû뵽㿴ȥģƢôǿϲأҪһССĳͽ䡣
Ŀתһɪɪض·Ըɱ
ֵӦ𣬴ǰӵն
ʧС
ۼֿ죬ץסһ
ϰ֮ˣѸͣȻ볣˲ͬһֺּݣȻ˹ƫ˼ֱֱ֣ؿĸ첲һİֱ۵
ֱ䵽ϣץһ¡ŷӦƽ۵õڵϣشŹմһصѪ
Ȼǧٰ㲻ãϾף粼ΣֱĵѣһףҪ˹ȥ
ܻȻס֣ƶֺ
Ŷԣ˵㸸ײǺǸĸҪãˣҰĸĶʿɺãܻͬ棬˵кͰ
Χ˹
ٱ뺷ʱҲֻǸеĸˣɫ䣬鲻ԽסԼĶӡ
粹ܻǰھذү㣬ҪԸ̷үүΪūΪ澣үȱŹҵļˡ
Ử£̬򢣬˾Ө¶飬·ӻ䣬˵ǽָ꣬ࡣ
ܻˣͶˣԹԵ𣬷ҪֵСӣ㿴޳ǿġ
ļͬϵȵ˿УܻԸŲ޹ֺ۸ڶ˻Ľһ
ܻȥˣ߰ɣԺȻ棬ļҲвĺôġ
粡Ҫȥ
˵ָϣүӣĪҪٲʶȤһ˳嶯۵Ŀ⸮¼ʮ˵Լˡ
һѪܵĺۼ˹䵽Ͻ£޺šˡкãȾҡȾҰ
ƽ˶ڵϣ౧ŷ
ãȻĹˣش֡

⣬ٵʮء
ܻʲۣƥͷһǶĻݡ
ۿž尲ĳ¥ҪҰУڳ֮е粲ٻ˳ӣ˳С
ĬĬų᳦֣ٽᣬᡣ
գһָȵζ
̴ȡ˺Žǣٵش
޴֮ڹٵ糱ˮһԶ۳ظܻ棬ڷ۵糸֮γܵС
ܻڹٵϷɿн
ȻʱǰٵϳһȺֱֱس߿񱼶˥ݳ˰ա
¤꣬˴ָ֮ƣ׷ɫһ۾Ϳ¤Ӫһǹ¤ĵӹա
þȻô졣ȴҲ޷
ܻЦ̧֡
ĺŽٴμٵһ۵ٿȻӿٶȡ
ųݵƥҲݺݵسһޣԴԡ
ӭʿԽԽ˵·
ܻһ潣֡
ǡˢһꪳǰ档
˫ûκλֱӳײһͬӿĳˮӿѪȵΡ
źɫսףӢüĿɱһǹ㱼ϮֱܻšǹƿĺХ
һ£׵ˣ᳡ģʽ

 35 

ܻһ, ֽȥ
ʯĽ, µս˻ŵ˼
ܻһ, ǰٶȻӽ
˴ղĳԹ, һ仰Ҳ˵ɱһ, һʱָ¡
׺ǸΪ, սòɿǹ, Ѫɡ
Ǽĳ˼Ͼ, ͻȻ˱һ˿, ˳ȥ, ֪
ƥȻ񿥣ȴսһıʾŵ, ͵ӣǰȥ
ܻ֣ȴϣһƳ, ļ, תҪȥ
ܻףɨ
Ժ, ȻȻѸݣǽȻĺ磬һʹȺҺѱʪˡ
¾һȡ
ͷûлأ׷ȥ
ܻ׷¾ĽѾͷֻӭս
ܾƥųݺֱײǳҡҡλΣ
ԼŮӽľȻҪǣȻ˹ĶС
ǶǡһӾýġ
ؼл񱼣ƴҪ
粡粣ңˣ¡þȫš
ڳ̿ǸϤ
ԭҧûпޣʱȴԾ
еһҶСۣҡ׹жȥģ˰죬ǿߣӡ
ڴ
粴ûмǸӡ
Ӣ˷һװһǹմȾŵѪۣ·һŨɷȻȴô´档
ķͷҵһ𣬴Ӷӹȥ
տսһӣٿսؿ
粣֣֡
粺ԥؽס֡
ƽʵһӾͽס
һֻǹٿȻֽ̧ǹͶбϷǾ޴Ȼ˳ᣬľɢ
粻ûüʧУ޴ֱ۴ݹȻת
ʱ·ֻһַ·ôﶼоҵضһ£ĻС
ŵر粣û°ɣûˣûˣ
粼ٵشϢšûӽ䣬˶ӵػСʱŷ֣ԭǸԭѾôˡ
ļŻȣ˵ʱĺ粵գϢµݣ˵ζˬΧ
粵֪ܵŻǱʲôԵʡȻ˵ֻòץס˹졣
ڱУͻȻײһʯͷ͵ƥ߰ţͬķܳȥܵ߸˹˦˳ȥॡһ죬ηЪ
粵ɫ԰ףͬ¹滨Ļꡣ
ƥսطٶȡᣬ˵Ķ޷һġ
粵֫ôϸͷĿת
԰׵ظ˺Σͬˮ۵Ⱦ(  
粡͵ͬૣȥ
ζҪ촽粵ָˡ
ӣ˴Զغš
粺Ȼعƿ˹䡣
ϣ֮أ޿ˡֱôεر
գߡһŤˡ
Ӳ濴ȥ糺ĶͲӣһɫ
һϧˡ
źü㡣
¾Զͽţӣˣȥ
ס
۾ݺݵصų¾Ϊʲô߻ɷ羰ļһֱ˷ŭ
¾˽ǰסԹ伱еصξͳ˴ǶΧ빫Ӷᡣ
˵˵ţСˣ漸˲ӣӣô˵𣿡
ȥԺҪϰѳ¾ԶԶش򷢵߹ȥԼǰˡ
䡰ߡһã˻ȥ
һߣǵıˣٴУܻ͹Χʣŵָǡ
ΧĶǾþɳľʿڴ²꣬ΪУĬĬصȺϵ
ξֱܻˣǰۼ˾ţòײһֽӵͨ˵ʮأս
ӽ£صأȻ¶ˣͳɢææ˱˹ֹȻ£Ȼɱȴ֪һ˭ȻҲš
£ﻹ尲ĵؽ磬ݣδʥ⣬˽Ծ뾩ڴö꣬Īı֮⣿ξԶԶضھʿĻ֮ɫش˵
ܻƳξһۣξˣ·ٷˣ᱾ļҾ죬־ܣµӺͽٷ֮ССıһ˵ξ۽Ҳδ̫Сˡ
ξŲй۽˭ô󵨣ҽٳҾ졣
Զ¤ǹ˿һȻ£
粺ϣһʮְԵƽڻС
ǧĿ粵üҪγѪֻðͷڹϣסԼ
ܻ˹仳粣ɫ
ξһǼƣ֪һ졣ҲǴˣ֪ȻݱȻͬοЩµȥѰһ·ȨҲ
ξҲ̫󣬵꣬ʮ㣬ʹ˷ˣδⱻ˿ᡢҲ͢ת֮£ӲͷƤ
ȵΪھ֮˽رĿ޷ͣв֮ӣʥάϲݶȺΪ
ܻ͹䲻ԼͬؿξһۣĿϡ
ξƱȨҲǸ˵һĿһ߳ŭҲﲻһӻûطתݺݵصҲ˭ӽ£Ұĵطⲻ֮ͽ־ܣ䡣
ЦʲôҲҪķ䣬֪νĵЦ
㣡ξ۾ˡ
ξܻȻһ䣬ͽʵɺޣ֣£Σ
ξϲ꣬Ϊ֮µҲʧְ֮áҲǸûҵŮ춼˽ٳȥ
ξ⣺ԼǣСƽϡ
££ϵһضԹǷγ˰֮ơ
Էߵһڵɱüޡе̧֣̿ͷ˹䡣
ӯӯﲨҪĵҡҪ۾ǿпסˣֻЦЦ˵
Цݴһŵİ裬ա˸ơ
¤λĬѸͣؼʿΪǰ桢ֶΪγһШεУ׼ӭս
սȻ⣬ȻһȴЩѪû˿顣
ǹֱָҫ
ҪսǱԡ
ξЩԼ뵽һͷһ¿ˮ΢ԥһ¡
ܻһЦҪ档
ξߵĸȻָָԶе㾪ţˣǱߡ
ξ̧ȥ
ƽǱ߹ŨŨĳ̣һߣȻһƬӰ
ǵصľӴԶ۶ͬɫĳˮһ㣬ǧǳˮӿĺХĶǡ
ܻɫˡ
ڵ׵дһɫġˡ֣ڷҡڣצ̬֮
ϳ¤˭š
ξҲ˲ù䣬غڵ·һߡ
Ǿӵ˽ǰؼ׳ꪵսʿߵЩһװˢһ£뻮һͣ£ѻȸ
ȻĬȻֹ
ξͷ
һԽھ֮ϣ϶ưݻ߹ȴͷ׷Ȼǹ˺躡
ܻ۾
£òɰã˺躵ģȴһɲײ
ãлүܻصδڴ˻Ľ֮أүپףδġ
ܹ˶ǰǾǰļ֮ս˫ѪսʮҹչȻأ˺಻ܹƼݳǣ㬶ˡ
˺躿ܻĿ罣ұط꣬ȻС˳ͻ׵ĲŲòһ̽ȮӲ¶ˣһͷԻۣͷԽ޴ҡ
ⳡû˴ξԼ޲һţܹԭʧͺá
ɫǵģǼȻү˵ˣͰҵĹӴȥúùܽһͲƽˡ
£ߡ
˺躵̧̧ľˡ
꣬ҵɣôҪ𣿡
ͫٿȻЦүȤԵ㵽ס
ʱӾǵķ¡¡ֱһӾعһȣ۶
˽عʮֿضԹ˺躹ֹΪ񣺡ү
˺΢΢Ƿϴˡ
عƵԶڱ֮ϣƷԶξξƽǲģȴǣϽСܹعΨǴӵӡ
عɫԹ˺躵żĹӴæǣϷΨʲôʧϽӦذ
ֿ˿ֿܻ˿˺躣Դǿ룬λүϷһȰͬΪسвڴ˽Խ˾֮ǣϣսʤڽ£һЦϷǰְ֮ڣбϷʲȫ裬λүϷһ棬ո԰֣Σ
ӶţսӣͳıϢ
Σ˺Ŀޱصϴ˶ˣҲǺ͹˴кѣ̫ƽʢء
ܻعһۣĿ⽻ָܿԱܿˡ
ܻҲ˵һ£Уµıֱȥˡ
طʱע⵽е΢΢طš
һæ粣ôˣǲŵˣûˣ¡
̧۾Ź䡣ɫҰѩ촽źһĻɫ
˭ʲô֣ᣬͷ·ǱĺƮҡ
е㷢䣬رס粣ҵĴЩû˵ҪţĳҶ⣬¿ɼһ˿١
ĿתŹ䣬ô桢ôרעƺҪĿһ顣
üëб罣۾ǳɫ⣬ıֱͦôӢꡣ
ΪԼӦúϤˣʱŷ֣ԭôİ
ʲô֣һΣִҪ֪𰸡
Ϊ䣬¤ϡ΢΢زܿ粵Ŀ⡣
粺ȻҪƿ
Ϸ֣ص粣ҴˣԭңұҪ̹׵ġǣ㸺Ǹ쵰ҶУֻһᣬ
粲ݵţֱӾݺݵؿסֱۣ֪Ѳãôƴ
ָױˣѪָһʹ
һ۵öˣŻŵرſ
Χǳ֡ƣɱδɢȴδסתߡ
ĽŲ鸡һٲһ£ȥ
粣
伱ææȥ
ң޿̣ٿȻ֣һǶ˦˹ϡ
žһࡣ
俴棬ãȻطſԼģȴۡ۵ؿһط
Լشӵվһһε볾
紵ζڷ죬󣬽ʿĿбӣһľȻı飬ֻδ
ٿ˹һۣǲĳǸ꣬ԭһȥҲˡ



 36 

ֱ, ڴϰлһѱһġ
ķ, ˶˰ҩ, Ͻȥ
Ĵͷ޵ñ
ص, үҪź, ⼸Ͼҹ, ʺһ㲻и, ûС
ϵĿȻֹ, ס˲Ƶġ
ᷳ, , ·ȥˡ
˹ܼʣôҵҵС𣿳ȴ£С쵰ﵽȥˣ漱ˡ
ܼҲ˲ͷϵĺǰ˵סҹȥû, һȥֽϣԳңǺܿ֨֨˵, Ҳô, طҶˣӣһһʱ
ּ⵽ô£ƽʱͺĨƵ, ˵ƾغؼʱ򣬾Ȼָ˵СӿסǺã
룬ŵУһȥҸ׺ֳֻǳˡ
мţǣ˶ӣһʹ˻һŶӶȥ
ߵ˴󾪣ϿҵĹǣ϶ϲʧѾߺӵסϣˣԼҪȻ˹ȥ׼ү߶ˡ
⵱ڣС˷ɱˣˣ
˽־ϲ
ǿ񣬸Ͻ˷ȥ
ŵ⣬Ȼ粡
һŮԶԶظں棬ҵ˳ӦˣŹȥ̬ʮֹ
Ϲ˲࣬Ҵǰ粣ôɡ
粵ɫ׵Щˣȴʮƽû£ĸǣˡ
´һ£ȥûʲôķһ룬Ҫ᣺챣ӣҶƽ̫ˡ˭㣬ǿҪúõر˼ҡ
¶һӲЦݣ촽ûһѪɫزţβţҪվǾҡ
ô˵ţҡҡ׹㵹
ϸϽȱ˵ˣӿɹ˵ģȥϢѹѹҽи㿴ʲôݺ˵
㱣ӣҺͷַŽȥˡ
תʷűѶСˣ˭ͶģҳȥҿҪлһ¡
С˷һֱֹϷˣͰ͵ص֪һȺʿŶͷˣСĹȥˣǶûңǸղŸļ㣬ЦеģҲ˵УˣȺʿǼſûأôļƣҪҪȥ
һ⣬ȥһ
ȻоʿƽĴſڣػ̬
ϳ佫֮ңЩġ
Щʿؼףθߴ࣬ųꪣվ˱ͦɣֻĬȻȻ˶ƽԲף˶ҿͨľʿսľ֮ʦ
ϰľȥʩ񣺡λСŮǸм㡢Ա
һģľʿϷϽ񣺡֮ˣֻǷظ˵ɷˡ
Ǹʹ˭ɷҵл̽ʵ
ǾʿֻǵС˲Ҷ˵պ֪
ϴһ£εˣҲաλذɡ
פش˴ԷС֮ðǾʿһһػص˷ģϵĺ˰أϲпɳ֮ɸǡ
Ͷ˶ֱ֪˵ʲôˡʣǾʿͰͱյýģһֶٻˡ

ϵҡҷţһһˡ
粶¡
ҹͷС꣬ͣǹɺָ͸ĵףôҲ޷ɢ
ֱҹɲߡ
ԽԽˣô滨ϣ죬滨һذɡ
ƿ˴
Ȼ󣬿
滨£վͦΡվɽ֮ɣʵȻᣬһжӢ˲˿ɼ
䲻֪Ѿվ˶ãͷ·ʪ͸ˡ
ôڵҹʵݣ۾ô͸Ļ˹
粻ֿһ꣬ȥʱҶʣ·һжδı䡢ַ·һжѾ
˴ӣһɡ߳ȥ
俴粳ϲüҪȻֵˣԥŲǰ
ֱߵǰ
ԣĬȻ
紵˹粵ĳƮ˹еʪ⡣
ɤӣԽˣȥɣˡ
ûҪ˵𣿡粵͵͵ġ
ɿص粽ҴˣҲƱ磬Ҳƭ㣬Ǹ쵰޿ˡǡ
ôᣬϲ㣬һ㣬еģͷβʼû١
ΪʲôҪƭأ˹ӣ֮ӣ߸ϣܣôһֱƭңΪʲô˿ǰ£͸ⴺҹˮ
һֳ嶯Ҫַ̧Żȥˡֶʪ͸ˣһ
˵ǰԵҴӺǰ𣬾Ļǣֻ벩㻶ģô
Ƭ̣Ȼ΢΢ЦǣʱգҲʡЩ꣬飬ʱɻ˵ã·Ƶģȴԭڰһֱҡ
ô˵ţȴԣЩҲûʲôҵķˣȻӦ㣬ϧʱһСȢؼң˲ίܲġ
Ǹʱҵǿıܣ㡢ϧ㣬ȴ벻ԭҪң˹ӣǲǾҺܿЦ֪
ûСĿ̹Ȼֱֱ֪ģҲô룬ҶΣӦ֪ɿ˵Ļҵģ粣ϣΨ㣬һʱ䡢˼ֺãҸ֮¡
粳ĬãȻ쵽ǰ
ĸװҵ㣬㻹𣿡
ȻǴţƬ̲
ҡ
䱾˵ǣĿ·ˮַ·Ӳı
ҹɫеôôƺһͻ¹⡣
ĬĬذǿؿժ粵С
¶ȣǹ̵ġ
粽סһ£ˤ˵ϡ
һء
촽˶վû˵
˺ºͶƽ꣬ĸ׽ҵıܣȲ֮䣬Ҳνϸ𡣹˹ӣչˣƭңҲԹ㣬Դ˺ͬİ·
԰գתȥٻͷͬǰһıӰ
ӣźʹˡ
ãضڵϵţһƬһƬؼ



 37 

, ֪˹ʵݣ, ζ
Ǹɴ, ͻعҲȥЩԵ, ˵ģѹǰͷһٶʮ˵ױ, ԰¹ʹ, һ̧˳ȥŵ˴ͷ
Ҳûʲô, ĬĬʰȥˡ
, һɽޡһڹ, һһϲ, ģҪϽ͵˼ȥ
ֱϴŭڵϱһ, ʵ
ȥ粣ο
粵ɫȥȻȴǰ˼֣Ŀ, ûʲô׵ĵط, οϡ
ĸףԭظˣװ׵Щ, ĸΪģǲã׹Ҳĸ׵ſģƾҵòҪһʵ˼ԭҲѵģʱգƽˣҪͷĸ࿴
Ȼǧһסˣֻܳ̾һʵҲ֪˵ǰأλĹӣװݡ
˿粣ְѻȥˣֻã㣬Ъţ̫ˣӳأԺٿɡ

¶ʮԪ۵áγʮǼ̫֮꣬ӣڹаʢ硣
ҲյӣιдģȻ˼ȴȷظ硣
ϵĲѡ
ȴȻĸף룬ȻλĹǰϲңƣ⹬˭ҵأܣʲô
µĿɿڴηȣ粰⻰˵ãҲδ̫ˣðɣ˵ҲˣǾȥɣҲѲõġ
ǹ͢ʢ磬ѭƣ粿شһ
ͷֳܣ˸߸ߵĶüޣ̲ƣбһֻӡ
üԶɽ졢֬֬۶ΪɫΨ촽һǳźɻҷۡǣڴĨ֬һĺޣĵļʤ˪ѩۡ
һɫ£ǡôԳ֫˲һգνŮ歲ˡ
˽ʱȫĿⶼеϣϷιҲ˹
ιǸʮƯŮӣò⣬üӺݻϢһָ߰´粡
ͬâ̡
׵ʹɫ糣
ãι˻֣ƺԸ˵
˴ƫĩλˡ
ʱƻˡʮյ˸ߵƸţյ⻪Ĺ磬ʮɴĻĺ棬Լּܿϯ֣и輧
½½أǰμӹĹŮǶˡ
Ƕ尲߹ǧȨ֮Ů֮ǰݼιһϤ˵Цš
ûκ˴粣һĸ衣
Ƕ˸ɫϡȣͬˮһ㡣
Уе輿Ȼ衣
˵ĻŽغù⾰
һƬУ精ʼƽģһнԸߡ
Ȼƫƫ
ιȻŮ
֪ڻŶׯǰȥкηԸ
ιббƳһۣ˹ص㣬ơ
й˾ƺ;ƱһԺţʱݵ粵ǰ
粲ֻһƣ˫ַι
֪ʱѾֹͣĹŮ˽ţ۾ߡ
ιӹ˾Ʊ£аţЦЦؿ粣֮ǰ˵㣬ԭ̫ŵģռ棬֪ʲôԵʣԭ۶ӣǳֻƤҡ
촽ػ
˽ִһ㡣
ιҲû֮òǿ̷ɵģ˾ͺáֻҪպʱ̼ǵԼݣر֣ȻΪ㣬ɵĳ谮޶˾ʱҿɲġ
˵棬ι鶼粵۾Ųε
粵촽ǲ԰׵ģ֬ڲסɫȴʮĮ⻰ʲô˼Ů֪
ιȻЦһǱ˹
ʶһ
ǾƾõЬϡ
ι󵨣ʹƣҲܣģ
ʱ򣬴ӵ⴫һҪΡ
Ǹ˵˿ȴѹֵŭ
̤˽
ڵǹŮһҽ˽׷׵ͷٲȴɫ·Щ˶۵ס
ι۾һվϸֳɵĺΣɣǲȥ㣬ǻ˵㲻Ҿ֪㲻᲻ҵġ
侶ֱߵǰ˿粣ȻĿⶨĽ¡ȹ棬¶˰Ь棬Ѿʪ͸ˡ
պĿȥ
ιҲע⵽˹Ŀ⣬ֺּޣŽŵɣں˵أôң
ڿˣص
кȻһƬš
ιһ£е㲻ԼĶ䣺˵ʲô
ҽĿޱظһ顣
ιʶ䲢˵ЦҪˣΣҲŲҪ
俴ιһһٵصΣһλᣬ㡣
Ŀݵɷѹͬһ˹
ιȽŲط̲סɡҡҶ⣬㾹˴ң㡭ûġ
ֻĮص˵Ļˡ
̧֡
ιʧɫһŵϡ
㹻ˡ޿̣Ȼںֹǹ㻹۸˼һŮ߲ߣ
ϰ˻֮˵ƣ޺ǣҲҶġ
粶ιһ񣺡Ů岻ʣܷ㣬ˡŮиˡ
԰գҲι𻰣뿪ˡ
ɵؾٲȥ
ιģֱıӰʧˣͻȻסߵһˣۡش

߳˹⣬ҹѽһֻɬĺڰǽţ֪鴦δ
΢΢ضסˡ
ӹȡһյƹ߼ǰȥ¼ŭº͵㲻ϵ·ȥɡ
粴𻰣̧Ⱦߣ˼ͣӵ
粳ĬƬ̣ȥ
ﰵһ
һǰһš
伸Ҫڣ͵͵ػͷȥ粡ɫ˪ŵҿ
ߵһ׷ݸһ
ĹӣҪĶū澸ȡˡ
˹
ǹϢȥˡ
߽粣ǰݵǰ
һ˫ЬɣʪģڽϹܵģҲˡ
ԥһ£ȷʵܲҹķ紵ţ쬵ġңһ˫ʪЬӣδҲʧǡ
粵΢΢һ죬ĬĬؽ˹
򿪰ĳУ¶Ь¶ţЬ׺ſĴָС顣
Ŀת񼸺Ҫˡ
粳㲻Ҫתȥ
ǡת
粿˿ˣȥѵһֻЬӶЩմʪˣ룬Ҳ
һֻ˹Ь˹ûȫֻЬӣˣôأ
ȴǹ䲻֪ʱ׵ǰĿƵضĳ㡣
Ľʯʵɫ͵Ĺ󡣹ҪȥˣӲš
ǸŵˣʱҲһڹļϣͽӣ߯񣡡
̩ɽؽһţõúܣ޲£ϾûǸϽЬӷ£ס۾Ҵˣʲôû
粴ҴææشЬӣȥ
ûӺ󲽵׷ϣסĸ첲Ҫſԭң
ԭʲô˵ôƻ
粴ԼĽż⣬ȥ˵ҲԹ㣬˹ӣҲİ·֮ˣҵݺ⣬㲻ҪΪҡҲҪΪԼɡ
ǲܡرۣ϶ˣһӶ֣ͺһֱףøҲϲҡ
ˣȻһ
粼ֱ˵صͱϣѽŲͣס˵ٸңûС
ǣˡίίӦһ
˹ֱ֣߿
֣ڰеĹ˼æ׷粣Ϊ·
˻ȥ˷ŻµЬӣ˻С

˵ʲôϳԾصɴ۾
˵ȻӶ⣬Ǿɡɴ£չһɴɫЩģ塣
üͷô꣬ʼûɿڣôһϦ֮ͱˣ粣Ҫˣ£ǧܶ
ûжΪô꣬ҵĲˡĸף֪ģʵģ룬ѵ˿СĵغңһʲôأչҪ˵ģ磬ҸԼõġ
ҧҧ촽һ첻ޣһ첻ģھǳ¶
ϴ˰죬ͷ۵ص⡢⡢ô˵أİ粣ôƫ飬үŪˡ
ȻһЦĸ⻰˵ˣòɼүƫҵģôİĽңʲô֪أȥҾȥɣֵᡣ
ϼ״Ȱֻðɣ˵㣬ǲȥͨģԼˡ
أϵĻǴȥˣڶ죬ҲϲصشŸ׹ˣƽĴſڣȴһǹ𵶵Ȼɽ
ʮֳԾĹӣǺ⣿
Ŀ޲ϴ
ҵĶδŵķˣ˵еͽӶв֮⣬ҽ쵹Ҫ˭˿
һۣĿвζ֪ЯɵΪ
˲˲ͷϵĺ˸ûУֻ··ѣĹڴˣкϾߡߡ
߿ף˵𡭡
ȻˣǺģѸס˶ӵͣӲذϿˡ
ԲޣҪ
ڶǰˢһ£ָɷˡ
ٿȻӲסˣ۾ɵԲԲģҶһ£ôˡ
һ˱

ڴ£滨ĻƮķ޼䡣
ת۴Ҫˣ޿κλȥ
˶ãȻ·ֿվ滨£΢ЦЦݿֿɺޡ
̾һµĻӷȥˡ
ʱӣҵĴɤͷУιιӣ˹ӣҴȥ
粵ľҵһ£̧ͷѾ˽
ɫʲô񣬻ȥ
һݵصղףѾˣԺ󵫷лֲĿͽţһҴһҴһ˫ҾͲţܹؿ
Ŀɿڴֱָ˵㡢
һ½󣬵ϥˣ֪һִֵ˫ţ߾ٹͷǣˣ𷣡
÷˵ץͷؾͳȥ
䲻ܲˡ
ǻʵģִӲȻƤ񣬱ô£Ҳϳһ׵ӡӣ΢΢Ѫ˿
ƾһŭһ٣Լˣͣ
ٴ򣬿ͷĺۼֲһ£Ҳ̧ˡ
˺ãȻضס㵽ҪǺã
Ҫ޸ҡô޳ܵĻ˵ȴô棬㲻Ӧһһֱ㣬ñӽӽһ㲻ޡҲȢһӣָȵġ
ƺʪҺָһһָţȥȥҲټˣ
һ¡
ȥ粵Ѿʼʡ
ֽɿع˳ȥ
粳ȥŷˡ
ţ᣺粣޺ֻޡ
죬ɤӺȵ
氲
ĵģ·ôԣһһµĹĶţ֪ѹǱʲô
粰ͷϡ򢣬Ȼٵȥ
ϣҲΨᡣ
ôãôΪѾ뿪ˡ
ִ˹ţʵĶޱߣʵ粣ңҪԭ£˵ʲôҶҷģġ
ҧ촽޺޵صԭ£һӶԭ㡣

ϴ֣£֧֡
һϿΪһ캣ϲһ£Լ˳Ůͼͼwbwbɫδ룬Сɰĳͼ

 38 

ɪ, 콥һ滨лˡ
粴˴, Ȼ, ڴ¿һС
ӣҿ˿粣ɫ, ûʲô顣
ӣҾʹŵӳȥǽȡ˹һ, һ֦, Լ峿ոմժģԴ¶顣
ӣֹţ˹ӿ̫, ÿ֮, Ǽҵĺ԰, ʲô, Ҫ͵͵ġ
ǴԼΪ֮ǰ˵ټˣ, 涼¶ˡ
춼峿ʱ֣ĬĬȥܻһС, һƬķҶǰ龫µСġǰһŷۺĺ, ɫС
Ҳ޿κء
΢΢̾Ϣţ֦𻨸˰ϡ𻨵޵Ʈɢ
ϽʱͿ֦𻨡ûй𻨵ġ
ҡͷˣǸС, ¿Ըˣǣûһ˸ˣǺãҪˡ(  
æȥϣĸףСŵ
ϵ·Ѿܴˣ˵Ҫˡ
ԴкԽˣɴͰᵽϪԺһסˡ
ôˡЦǰģϣҲŮޣܺһ˰ͺá
ЦЦ޺ðɣ㱻۸ˣҲΪҳͷ
ĸŮ˵Цţ·һת۾Ͱһ֦𻨸ˡ

һֱһɫСʯͷ
˺üͷʲô
ٵİҽ˴ĥ˶ʯӣ͹ȥ档Цеġ
˺躵ͺˣϢҹ˼ҵ㶪ˡ
Ƴ˸һۣĸ˵˵󰮵ʱ򣬱ɹˡ
˺ϳĬˡ
ͷ̴ӽ棺үá
˼ҸӶһۡ
Сʯͷָģ
̴ӵ½ˡ
Թ˺躵̬ʮֵع˳˸
ֶԹ买֣ܡ
ʮ̣Ź˺躣ֳԪǰԣʼͬѰһ㡣
˺躲ɫ˺Ϊ
˵ջҪڹ˸º͵飬֪Щ飬¾úǲף;˸һ
˺΢΢ЦЦǱģŶк飬˵
ֱ塣

ܾûˣһҹƺһȡ
Ϸȥ˯ţ֪ô£һĴ󺹡
Ůˣŵƹˣﲻ𣿡
ţûʲô
ŮһۣȻˡˣеѪˡ
Ƭ̹ϪԺ˶
ֱϾǻ˼ˣֻһۣͶȻҪˣʱҲൽˣŵģȥŽй
⼸ѾסŴˣһ͵ˡ
Ȼһ̥ǺܿصģҲҴææعˡ
ͷתתȥţҵ飬һҪкһҪк
Ȼ϶ˡ
걻ѹģҲ˲϶ӶŮԵ˳Ѿ࣬Ҳˡ
֪ʲô˼ͷԵظ棬ɫ粻Ҳ
ſڣĬĬ
ԼΪϵʮ֮ãһ̥˳Žȥ˲ʱʹ洫Ӥɵޣʮ㡣
Ը˸кӣͷԣƤںڣúʮơ
ϲ֪룬Ҫȥ´漸䣬ȴϺ˳
˺ӣȻ̫ܶɣȥȥžķԺҶ˺ˣһҪʲôࡣ
߷ߵģûʲôӺ磬ˡ
С´عˣүˣҪúϢأһ˼ңҲﲻʲôæȻȥɣٹˡ
˳ӣˡ
ϸȥٳԺŵʱ򣬻ͷϪԺһƬֿΣ¶һЦݡ
ǻϲ
ŽǺϴɾˣ粽˹ڻغš
ǺҲɣղŻ޵þ춯صģ粱ţϾͲˣСһһţС۶ڿĽ㡣
粵ĶҪˣĸף㿴ܵǸĺúء
ЦţСҿ
أ⺢һŵߣԼһۣ֪ǲѿȻ춯صֿ໵ؿˣֱһ
粸ϽְϾͲˡ
˷Σϳ׷ˣˡˣСԶһ㣬ϣ޵ʶʹˣɤſ̫ˡ
ôһ£͵˰ҹˡ
˷֮࣬ҲЩƣˡ
Ǻ粣Ҳ᲻ãϵķִ˴齣æźӡ
ǰͷҺˣ컹ûأֻȥˡ
ϱϾˣιһ̣ת۾ͳ˯ȥˡŮǲҴţŵ˳ȥҹ
ӷŵҡ
ʮϡճĵܵܣֿС֡С鲻Խ΢΢Цţǣ˺ҹԺ˯ȥˡ
ģ͵͵ϪԺԺеһ͸ӭȥ
ˣҪ𣿡͸ɫԥ
ѾЩû˳ƺΪˡˣһеĳ޸Ũˡ
ҧгݵصҵĶӷˣ˶ӣ⸮ﻹĵطУүĶֻа֪һԺҶӵģǸСӶȥĸһҪȥ
ɱ˷ŻĹʵգ͸ǰͷѾӦˣЩ¶˳ӡ
ϰ˹ȥģ׼ˣң¾ߣϼȥ㼸ꡣүҲǲ֪δػ׷һˡ
ӳģʮ㡣
͸ҧһ£¶̰ĶǷһƨɶծ׷ɱٻҪˣʶҲֻӲͷƤӦ˴ϡ
£͵͵˲񷿣Ͱͳ
͸ֵԺ˶˯ˣһʱ˲
ϺǸ͸ŵذͰΧϵӵһȦЩ˳ŷ˽ȥ
ˣЩɵĹߣɬ塣
Цţ˻ӣ˹ȥ
ҡһ£һȻһ𣬻ͬŤȺסǼӡ
ձˡ

˯бˡ
ΧǹŨޣѾҪչˣžľ
׶˻ߵš
ĻƸ󣬽ҹ˯Ůزҽţܿ΢ȥ
ʲô˼ʶԱҡĺӱȻȥҡϡ
ĸסĸףŻˡ
Ժرˣһ۾ɫ䣺ӡҵĺӣ
һֱŵܵܣһȥϡ
ϼͷ󺹣ԭʮǿһˣո꣬˰죬
һ飬ѾҪչˡӵĶΣյĿ֨
ͷһȺڿ캰صشУ˳ˮȻ𣬵ˮ˽ȥǻƷڵһ£յøˣģһֻצĶޣڰ밵Ļſ
ּȣϵĺͬˮһŬ˰ǿһҪȥŷ粶һ𳶵ˡ
ļ٣Ͻȥϡ
ϺȻƿ粣㲻Ҫңߣܵһӳȥ
ҧôܶأ
ϴأ㲻ߣ춼Ҫ粣ߣĿ
粺ݺݵҧҧ촽ŷſϣźӣתȥ
ǣŵӵſڣӭͷ˼Ϣŵ˻
ӱǺסˣһ߿һ߿ţ˻ơ
粼Ҫ
ʱ˼ĺģģģ精ôϤ֪ģȻ
ȼţҪŤˣΧһƬͨ죬ʲôС
һӰƿ𺣣˽˵粵ǰ
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