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ͭʮԼʱǸֵĳҵŮ

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һֻųԹУǸ˵Ĺ谮޶ãΪ˻˲к

һ췢ģһҲṼػһ˳졣

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1.ģǰŮУ

2.ָܴлдָ


 1 £׽棩

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ëĴѩұ磬ǵصϯƬأգ۾ֳǰһƬãã֮С
ĽԷůһʮŮɢһͷĿרעؽеľӳ
һ΢ҴŵȸߵΪ覴õֳǵҹ峰Ц
ΪһųªǸδȻ˻飬޵ĸױŴã޸δ˵ľ˾˳ϲ
׵յĳŷ֣δС˾˲һˣǵӴǵˡ
ľﱻҩ㵱ֳĳš˻ȽϿףջǻסϡ
ǰһĻĻǰ֣ΪԼô࣬öЩԹԹмһˡ
Ȼ֪ǰ֮ңȫΪ˿֮󣬳Ʋסĵĺ⡣
޳޵ĸףֻںƤҵδҲ޻һ
޵ġʵԼԼ޴֪顭
ǰ㷢ֶߣõıԹ֮߳ǸֲˣҲҲͲΪ˱
ֱ֪֮ԽԽҲԽԽΪһԣҩ
ԣҩɫζǳ۵ϻ˴ǮŴһҽġ
ֶҩ֮жߵͻϻ᳤ɫĶߣ廹ˮֶѱ˲һҽĴ򣬲ȻֻܵȵŻᱻ˷֡
Сʱĳ۵ѩޣһ˫鶯־Ư޾ҹ֮ǳ
ĸһɽżȻδĸϡ
ʮһĳվһУһһСɡµСܿδһǸˡ
ʱʮɣ㶵ĶųɵĶϵҡҺ񿴼һСӡ
ʱԣƯһĨΡûζãҲǰο˵С˶ע
Ǹʱĳıѩɰֻǿһۣ֪ԺһƯ
ҲǾһ֮ϻȥ˳ҵǸԸֹɿ˵ĺӣͰɶ¡
ֳּǵİң˳󻧲һ˼Ҳѫ
ڱּҶʱϾʹҪΪԼȳĸײû취̳Ůͷϡ
֪һƯһŮ˵жôҪڳ֮ϾȲĸ˶
ҲΪⶾһӴƶ׹䣬˺ֵĲ衭
뵽ʱ򣬳̲סȻڵѾˣ۾ɸƯ
Ȼǰ̶ʮ꣬һ·ֿңʱһʬ˶ûСóΨһڵľǣһܹ޸ڡ
ڣǸǳĬһ˵ˡ
֮󣬱һֱĬĬػߡˣȴΪ˱
ڱ֮ǰʵѾǿ֮ĩˡʱ⣬һʱڻ˯ļҲڷٵıԼ˭ȻˣȴɼǵҪ
ҲΪڵʱ⣬Щػĵҵ˻ᡣȻڵĴֶΣҲΪ˺
һ뵽Ĳ뵽һ˹¿ıҰ⣬һһıѩûƲס޵û
߬ľӣͻȻžŮȻһЦ
һжûйϵˣֻˣĽӿռȪ
صʮһ꣬صĸ׻ڣڻûгµʱ򡭡һжü
ǰĳ֮󣬲û̾ǴһʮС˵С˵ԸݵڻŮ䡣
һʼڻŮµ̯ӣԼڻŮһѵļƷݣʱǲͷۡ
ǰһһĽӿռ䣬ӿռһΰٲȪûôѹ
ǱС˵ʮ꣬һʮСѾͷƬӣһͤͤĴ
ôڼΪܵС˵Ůƽȵ˼Ӱ죬ԭеԸǿ
Ȫԭĸľɼκ˶ĸɵӣ˻һ۰ĸĸԼһʮֳ谮ý㡣
Ϊм˵ĺǻ֧֣ĺܲһ߿ԼŬ˺ôѧһԼϴѧ۽磬Ĵ峤⣬ѴŪһɫξ㡣
ý㿪һ˹ݡøһɫ޿ջ͸ĸһŪһũ֡
ǸС˵磬ھʮ绹ûг׷չûʲôξ㡣
ڴ֮ǰǸʱչԽԽ죬ǵҲԽԽãǴӵľѾ졣ۿȫԽԽԣҶѳɸ죬ĪĴȪ˻
ԼҲû뵽ڴǱ֮гһջдʱ
ԵʱʵͦȵġҲûоȶãͱܴϲóͷ
ȻǸˮʼûһС
ȻԭĸĸԳܺãý㣬ĸǶҲܾЩҸ֣ԭ͵ġʼհԼһͣʼ޷Լĸ׵Ĳ޷Ǹֺ˼ˡ
ǸľһӲ˵׼û취Ŷڵ˼ȥͱ˵̸˵Ǹ̫ƽ˵ĺСһ֮󣬾ҲŲˡ
Ȼе㵣С˵ĸĸ뵽ǴôǮýʹøֶǺܺõˣӦûչ˺øĸġ
ڳԷʱůͻȻһеҵĽŲůķűƿƬƵѩƮů֮ů紺Ŀûؾͷɿڻˡ
ů˽Ȼڼͣ˽Ųϵĺϡ
ůСӸùˣ˵ҪǸ
һȻŪľ񣬶ůеĻȫӡ
ůеֵ̧̧ͷ̽ͷ濴ȥͼĹ̬䵭ģͺû˵ʲôƵġ
ůԥһ£̲סٴγ˵ҪǸѾĽԷſˡ
ĵĵţš
˵仰֮ûױ˼ǲϲ֪ʲô
ůýĹֵֹģҪƽˣһһٴеӡû취סܹöվڴѩܶ
ת뵽Щ£ȷʵúúøһѵˣʡĶó裬Ͳѹս㵱¡
ԭؿղѼ

 2 £׽棩

۽ͻȻǸΪ쵱ó˴󡣳ʱϣǰһһڹ뷿͵͵Ĩʱ
ǰȥ棬ԭһȥ˵ҵҲȥŲʲԸĸһȥˡǺѣһ鳤ģõĸ׽òࡣ
֮ǰ˵ﶨˣƺ⡣ŴӦһȥû뵽ǣ۾Ȼƭûһȥ
νһȥ棬Ϊ˳µһ֡˵ڳɴʱŷӦǹڳġ
۵ļѣһЦĶԳͷ㡣һý绨˵Ļȴһһ񶾡߷պ޵ĳǻŭͷھͺݺݵĳ˳һ⡣
Ȼ֪ǣʱɾͶһԵĸ¥ϣ淢鿴һġ
ĿĳԳ۴֣ȫûƽҹӣ˾һоøһª
һξ룬Ըû˵ʲôֻ֪Сԭ˵˵ЦЦģͻȻһԳ۶֡
۽һСս㵱ڸˣֻۺֵĶ˿ֿ
أԶԶĿֳȫǽεεĳ۵ģɵʱۿۡ
֮ǰһֱ˴ԣ˵ͻˡ˼ҹﶼԽԽˮ飬ȴԽԽԽԽᡣ
һʼǲŵģΪʱĳӡ̫ˣ㲻ٺѶȰ˵˹ֽԼɱһ˿ʵʵĻ롣
ȻĿòʱּȻǸ׵ĹʱҪ˻ͷ
ĬĬָͷţвҪˡûмǴĻ˼ּҾҪˣȻͻᱻ׵Ŵۣ޸ս˹Ϊޡ
ΪʲôǴ۳ޣôǣϵģ»ҪӼǰ˵
Դӳɶ֮󣬳۵Ͼĵļʣһóۼ޸õˣܺݺѹŮһͷ
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Сľ˾ˣҲĸ۰׵ܡ
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ڵĸʱˣڸճͱĸϥšϵĸǸŮˣһֱϧĸһֱоɼʮ꣬ʱˡ
ϵĸǸˣʲһʱ䣬ȢһòŮӽ˼šòŮֻϴ꣬ͺ빬ýһȴϺڽļĸ
ļĸԽܲãϺüײҽŰ׵ڣϱڰᵽ̫̫Ժס̫̫ȻϲڣǿŮϣǰȵıӻꡣ
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ʱļĸһ̥ӣҵĵλһ¾ס˽ŸԽӰˡ
ȵϵ֪ڵĴʱʮĺӱĥĸɵƵġϺȻ׽ܣҲִģԼܱ̣ܵĥϵʱͿŸүһ
ʱϵýںó裬Ϻø黹Ͻ϶ڣԴ֮ڴԼ
רΪҺּʵܲ
Ǳ߾βãҲҵѪеﶼںӼڱ˼ҵĵ
ּҲƽ׸ӣܾǼ߳˴Ƶġ
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Ϊ˲ּҸɫϵǮǳļױûùּһӡȻˣּһвԹԣǳϲڵʱѿ
ǸгϢģʮһһ˰ᵽϵׯ֮ΪѣһλصĽ˿ˡڱλʦһϰһڽ֮ĥ£һ߾Ĺ⾰
ѧһ죬һλϰ֮꣬ȥ˾д㴳һҵ
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ʮĵ꣬ûҺӲһ˿Ѫͺºպսʮ򱱽ұۡ
ʮڷ޵ĻصֳǣʱֳֿȵŮһȺҹ強ͷŮ޸
Ǹʱ۲ʮ꣬һۿڸͷĿ꣬ŷҪ޸ڲɡԳ۵ݣ֪ԼŮ䲻ڡ
뵽ɵС˾ˣڵݵλԺա³ѾµĶԺ޸ҲᱻϻҪۼ޸ڡ
뵽ڵĸũŮǸΪֱˣӦû۵ĳŵϳĸһڡ
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ҲΪʲôһŮͻȻֳǵҹŮ浽һԭ򡣰΢ĳûСԸһġ
ǵۺڶ˻ֵڶԳʮάݡȻҹʮּʳۣǰھڵԺյݣЩĹСŽ˳ۡ
ͬҲΪڵӣһŮŸһ
˶ãս˵Ϣͻᴫˡۼ˵ðģİݣʵ𷣣̱˻ڻ˼
ϲۣ

 3 

۲ʱڻ飬ԺһڵĻԼ͵ģں޳ܵĻ˻ԼŮĳԺ͸üˡ
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һսܶ飬˼Ӿģֳǵ˶֪ǻӭȢ۹ˡ
ϲõܾܵȥųһڣϽͳ۵Ļ¸ˡýĹϵҲںۺͳԸԸ⣬Ҫ۸Ͻ޹ȥڳϲ
ϸڰĻʮֲִ٣֪Ϣʱ򣬵ڶںͳ۾Ҫˡ
Ѿɵˣû취ʵʵ޸ڡʵļƻѾΪʱֻӲͷƤóۼ˹ȥ
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˵ĽѾãǰںͳлԼһֱ²֪ݱ٣ƤҪ۳ޡ
˵۲ԸӦʱ֮ˡպ֮¸ҩҪ׻˳۵ףû뵽·ɾ˳ۡ
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ųĳŴϴЩԵǳŮö֮вԡ
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ʱĽԷԺվڵŮǸøòŸӻŮǱȳСµĳۡ
ۺͳʱֵƣܶ˾ѳ۴ϳɳ׵ĳܾԼŬΪսĳӰӣԽԹ޳㡣
ȵжݣΪ˲ñ˿Ľ㣬ԼüŪһ롣
Ϊ۳ɡͫĶ̲סСԳ۵ͷأȻ϶Ϊѹ
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˳ҵ˶֪ȻǵĸΪ岻ڳҵĵλ۵
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Ȼһأ֪ǰȴôҲû취ĸˡ
ǽϳˣԸҲǳ硣Ľϵ˶಻ʤȴ޼޸˳үΪޡ
Ǻ֪֮Ի޸үΪүͨϼͣүǸϡ
ôү£ԸѳƽѾ御ˡȻûôάǴСҲûпǸм֮ġ
˵ۻүǳүϲ۰ŮеӸѧ˸ʮʮ
үΪһ˽ǿȢò绨ϡΪ˼޸ڣǺΪ˼޽ּңþֶΡ

۵ɨͫһۣĴѩӳ£üĨɰҫۡ
ͫ㲻Ҫ˵ˣ۽δңҶѽ㵱׽֮ˡ
ֻͫԼҹ̫ˣ̲סòֵá̧Ƴһ۽յķţ̲סһ
ͫɡٵֶʱڱ˴ƿˡ
ůһɲͣŵĴѩ̲ס̾һ䣬ŲĶԳ۵öõˣū澽ɡ
ͫů⸱ӣʱ̲סҪںǳȴһԵĳһֹˡͫ״ȻĵĲҲΥ۵˼


 4 £׽棩

ͫĿůһۣҪ̧ŸųһȥȴůֱһѸסˡ
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ͫһ˲ŤҪǽǹǸģһ̧־͸ůһӡů֪Ǹʲôݣڶǰ˵ķ
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˵˼ҵĵŮ̴˽ûٷɧеҪȥԺ̣ʱһͽĲС
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ƢܺãҲرĿݡԼٲ⣬Ҳֵµ˳ǴԺǣȴѴĿݵ˺۸
ۿůһۣûж˵ʲôǰ˰ͫšֻͫܲʵĶ˶ţȻҧ´ů˷š
˷֮󣬳˹磬һ·ϵѩһ߰ݸů
ůһѩ磬籾ү͸񣬽ȴү˺
ĺϲ磬Եʱ֪µʱøүһ
֪үֵ£ͱģǸ˵ʲôֻҪﲻүԸ͸֮Ļ
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Ͷֻ£Ϊһԭʲô鶼ҪŶ˵ʲôС£ΪҪŵõģ˵˵ȥүԼƫġ
籾Ǵģ˵͸Ļôһ
µůǾöǸĻˡȻ֮ǰҲûϲ磬ƫƫÿһʱᴩţůôöǹӦ˵ġ
ۻȥ˻ûƹ㿪ڵ㣬յÿǲܣýίˣýǸ
˵ŵʱѾƹǵ磬˰뿿ϵĳ
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ۿӣæͷ΢΢˹ǡճܵĴСȻҲǰǱ
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ڳ۳ǰ˲䣬ԭһֱһɢĳͻȻ˾֧ӴȻŲ峯ȥ
ڲĶʱմ£ֱջءڿλ߹ʱ̲סе㺦µһ
ΪжԭԽԽˡů紺ů˫˫ɱġ
һץס˳۵֣۶ʱִ̼һ顣
ֻñץסϣƺһı顣ʶҪջԼ֣Цһ
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۲׳Цʲôʶ̧ͷųȥͼǺЦĶ
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ۣ㣬֪ԹңǸ⣬Ĳýġ
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һȻΪڸµ̸£ܿҲ֪һڵĴ
򱱽ұۣΪսպգһûʲôɽˣھеԵáΪһӪ񣬵˵ӡ
һս֮ԻսܣΪ˸˺֣ŵʤڲҰܶ顣
Щ˲㺦ڣµǧǰеĴƵϣҪ򱱽Ϊ飬һοǱɡ
û̫ʱΧһȺҪ׵İ취޹ȥȻȪˡ
ûʱ򣬽ӿռȪҲһˡ
ڽܴº󣬱̳ŽԼĿռ䡣ȻʮϲǣռȪһˡ
ڳ˵ֱһϲѶ˽ӿռĶȪһͶһǿơ
ĽӿռӦߵĴռ䣬ΪΰٲȪ֮⣬滹вټֵǵ챦
ϳС˵˲ٺö棬һξԼĵô㡣

ۼԼ̲סڴ͵͵ĳҭеҪģһܾίӡ
㣬㵽βԭãԲӣõĿѹҪ滹ǺãͺݺݵĴһٳҲܱԼҪð
ԻعųĮ˵˵û
˵ţһץס˳۵ͷһҪ۵Ļúôһٵӡ
ʱѾɵˣôҲû뵽û뵽ô
ų³Ķһʱ֮ŵöȵﱻʲô۲ź֪
Ȼһ·ߣǾûбҪͳۡˡ
һ˳һ⣬ȻۿȥͷӸ״ƺԼң·ϵʱ򻹹⳶ԼͷԼץѪۡ
üȻζҪúóûĥĥһ£ԲΪ۶񶾽ݡ
ң۲ҪݱݲеС׻ְһæԼǸý㣬ƺýģˡ


 5 

ůԼ洫ĶҪȥǸʲô洫
غ棡
ůæӦһǣӦ̲סеˡôĶԾﲻһŭ֮´˶ɣ
ů֪ΪĹϵүǰһʮֵܳ衣´Ĵ˶Ҫȥֹɵ¡ůתһ룬ﲻԶʲôλ˽⣬ɻүǰ״
Ȼ۴ﶯ֣ⲻ˱ݺⲻ˱үѵһ١ů;ãôúóһڶ
ůţһû֮ǰĽ벻ת˶磬̲סݺݵڡ
ůѹֹʱͻȻһ졣ůκηӦ۱ǱĴ˳
⻹ůһοǱķٺ½ˣϵױҲץˡ
ůŶŶԥǳȥ׷ǵ鿴ůԥʱٴδ洫
ůһѡ
ůæ첽˽ȥһȥͿˤ˵ϣůʱŻæǰ
ůոô£ôᵹڵϣǲǡǲǶ֣
еεĿһԭҪúĥһµģ͸߹Լص壬Ҳ͹˿ƽʵǿĳۡȻˣǳҲϳ˲ٿͷ
һ뵽ɵ˵ӣ̵ģˤһ£ҲԼ˿
ů뵽Լҹﲡ壬ּͷ˵ӣΪǳ˴ˣůʱ̲סʼ۳
ů˵ҾͲµûаģӺôȻʹ֣ū澼ܵʱװ֪˻ΪǴ۸ءڿ϶ȥү״ȥˣУУū澱ү֪ʵ顭
ů˵ţҪתߣȴһסˡůһĿȫ״ʲô
ɲůȥ۵ĺ£ȻôͷӳȻĺü޸أ
ů±ү֪ȻүҪˡ
΢΢˰֣ʾů԰ꡣ
һʱ򣬳ʮҲůźһͳ۷ִʱûй˵һ仰һ±۱ӡ˵ǸʱͲںˣϧôûп
Դ֮һڣȰ˽ׯԻҪ½ʵΪŲǡ
ůǳΪεˣҲһӣɶĹˡ뵽һůԵĿͷһһҪ˶Ϻӡ
һů΢΢̧̧صֱ۵ҵĴ㣬ȰҰ·ϡ
ΪС˵˼꣬Ͳôϰ߱źˡʱʮֲ·㷱ӣҲûнһ˴·
Ϊ֪ϾҪȥˣůഩ˼·Ҳʡ䳱ʪ
ܿүһŭݵˣ󻹸ſ޵滨ԼһŭŮͫ
һöׯĳ뵽ԼŮŲҵģҪǳүڻڳҪάųģﶼ޲ǰ
ȻͲСˣΪȽעر˿ʮƯʱ˫žӨᣬһܾίģ҅Ҽĸо
ﲻȳү˵˵үΪ۶ǽã۶ദദȴû뵽ȴ˻£ûýôᷳҼ۶˵ֻݱȻҲ۶
˵ű޵ģүʱһӻĻ֮ջˡ̧־Ҫһ⣬ǿϵ˫۾̧Ҳû
ϼ״û뵽϶񣬳ֳ⸱ģүȻ᲻öԳ֣
ϰҧҧϵĸ˶׵Ļٵ˳Ȼүϵľ飬ųϵү϶ƫ̻
뵽Ҳ˶ãѹĵ׵Ĳү䣬үһǳ㿴ʲôӣ۶ãô˼ݶŮ
ԭүģֻŸϽһ켣ߡֵԼֵĻ˻
ǳһԼģһŭѵ˵㶼֪ʲôͰеĹ㵽ҵϣ֪۶ʲôȻЩǣһڽҵɴң
үһҲɵȻҲû취Ȣϡ֪ӣ϶Ѳ˹ϵ֮һֱװŲ֪ҪóϣϹԹԵĸͷ
ҲΪʲô֪ÿһͳʱûطȴںóүóûʲôãҲԽĲˡ
ү˵˵ʲô۶Сĵ׼˵á
һԵůòУҪ˵ֱ۾ͱһ¡ů¹Ķʱסˣ̾˸ոչ˵ĻȻ׹ʲôҧ
үĿĪ뵽ϿҲóүʱܶ಻Ĺ
յָųΣĵ㡭ȥãûҵ׼ȻִԼã⸱Ӽֱ帾һҺúõķʡʡ
ԸԳȥõĳǹȥůԼȥá
ִ֮ҪȥãҪһĹ¹켣֮⣬һҪԭǣһʮĶҪá
һõʱ򣬾䷢ǸǸʱܵСûҰǶ˽ˣ䵽˳˳޼᲻ݵһ
һԼʳָָǳǳƻӡǡһҪõǶҪ͵ڵУΪڵһϡ                        
ղѽ

 6 

һ̤ãֱҲڵңеĹضѧеĲ񡣾νļҹ棬ʵǳүԼϹġԼǰãҲֱ˱˼ʣµġ
˶һֱʮֵүһҲֵֻҪǳ϶ǰ˾ˣֽύ˲ԺյĴٹ壬ĳֳǸû֮ء
үֻŮֱǳۣԼֻĳǳүŮǰűүӻģǸԸʮֵСԱСѾͷ
ΪСŮĹϵү̫̫ѵһ٣ӶˡȻûзּңǴ󷿺ͶĹϵһ򲻺á̫̫ǸƫĶӵģԶԴ󷿵˶˳ۡ
ҲΪүܳ裬ļҲ̫̫ǰգһעŭ̫̫
үһӣгͥϧССӾͱ̫̫ˡ

ʱѩ¸ͣůԸƲһ뿪˶ö߶µվ档ҪȰȻȥ뵽ůǸִֵӣֻһڰůʱ֧
ȥСŪԵ
ůһ£ҹСعˡǰÿαã͵ˣҲֵµ˰͵óԵġ
ůýĹ˺ö࣬Ҳûü룬˵ܽظˡ
ůæӦһŻææתߡľǹˣѵùſҪһůвԸĵ
ȷůߺ˹ƿϵѡԼе׸䣬Ȼڱĵôܿһʯ·˶ߡ
ǰŰᵽֳǵģ⴦լӵʱ򣬳˵˲ٴš˵Ǽ⴦լӵǰˣһʮصĽˡƺʲô£լӱ㱻ǰ˵Ӹˡ
ֽ֪֮еı˼ҸܽӴӦþլӵǰˡ
ɨһȦ֮󣬾һԵһ̨ͭε̨һ̨ʯ˿ͷԼѾ֧ˡ
Ȼ˲ٵ·ʵ̫䣬麮ֻ֢֮Ǵһеܲˡ
ΡΡľԼ֣ĸһָϵĻƣָĻγһȪҺ̫ȪˮһӾϵԶԼųªָ̻ԭ
彡˺Ȫˮֻůʮ֮ûκβʵĸо
״ǺȪˮֶ֮ʹȪˮƳڵĶغʣ̻˾ʮʹ̡һпܻᵼ˻ʹȥ
Ϊ˲ðһѡʡֻ߳飬ֻһȪˮȻó˲ٵ
ϵĶغ̫࣬һȪû취̫ãֻ΢һ
ͦһʹ֮󣬻ůԭܿ΢΢֣ʱҲ侲ļԼϣϲûκβ֮ٴһԵ̨
ȻȪˮİæΪ״̫ˣò˿ʯ壬˻۵úĴ
ȻҲҶϢɿİĺó°ʯŻԭĵطֻüɨһۺĶȷĶ֮󣬾ֱӰѺսȪռ
ȳЩ֮㴫һ΢ĽŲȻůԴе
ҪĳԵˡ
Կ첽ߵſڣůİŷƵСİѶŷͽ
˫ģҲûȥůĸ㣬ǵͷůֱҧһڡ
ůһ£ŷԼҹ˫Ƶأԭְ۵ģɾָ׷ﶼ
ůʹôˣǼѵڴڵĳԶůֻʱѹĵ׵ɻ󲻽⣬ר־ļͶιԼҹԶ
ֻһ죬ҹͱү˷˳֪µʱڷˤһƿһӡǱҲʮֲֻܾ˳һ죬һٴǰװˡ
뵽Լ֮ǰľ֣ɿ˳ǰ̬Ӧù˶þҪˡʱƫĳҲΪŮ棬ʱҪô
ͳۣóĵ죬һ߸˵ȥ
ȻһϸĸףǺôѳƽˣѾûԹޡԹ޵ˣν˵ĵѣԵѪţû취ȫ֮
֪Ů̽ʱҲܾȣû뵽ԼŲôãȻˡ
ڳŮĸʮָӵġһŮ̲סү֡ϵҪǳϾʮ»̥ŮԭҲʲô˼ݶ֮ˣҲûöһӶ֡
һιǴŸҩʵҪϺȪˮġ
϶Ͼ֪֮ϵãʱ˲ӡ⼸ģԽԽˡż޸֮ǰȪˮΪϵ塣
Ϊ˲ϷֶߣϵҩֻһȪϵȻʮǺͳ״ͬһȪˮҲ̫Եòʹ
ȻһȪòû취ϻָµʱ䣬㹻ϵˡ


 7 

ů쵽Ϸ⣬վſڶͨһǷȴûһӦ
״Ҳû٣ǰһĸף֪ĸ岻ĸװһ̲ҩĸףȥ𣿡
ʱʶľҪȥתͻȻ뵽ʲôһϸĸףûʸܳһƬТġ
ϼ״æСĶϵˣūǵǾ仰޹һΪүĺӣĮԶҲСˣүһסģǲʹúദԺʹָ˭أ
˵ţϵ顣ϵǿϴСġȻƼҵˣΪһãҲϵİˡ
֪ЩίҲ֪͸˳ҴүκޣǸ˴Ǵóϵĺ⡣
վڷſڰΣȻ׼֪һʼϲһԸǿŽյķŻǾܡ
΢΢̾һů߰ɣ´
ůһ£һԼŵҩҩǴһġһ뵽һƬТıˣů̲סί
ǼҴʲôûУȴǶԴﲻ䲻ȵġů÷˾һ治ȵʯͷĳӲġҪǷ⸱ںӣͳҲû취ǹ
ڳҪů뿪ʱһֱյķͻȻƿˡһ߻ϲĴһЦŶԳȥء
һϲůŷϽ˷
ĽŲʱ̲סеŵԼָѾûŮˣҲ֪Ůڵôˣϴ֪ǰֱүˡԼӣȻԼõĸס
ϰʱ򣬳ѾŷϽ䡣촩һɫѣĵ˵ɫ˲١
һԭĲξ͸ˣȴû̫飬˿ġ
֪˶ȻǳҴ󷿵ķˣʵǸûõŮˡҲΪ¸үǳү壬ԳںΪҪЮϡ
˽ү˼ſԳԽԽ䵭ԭΪϵĶǳүµģΪ˶ԸرµĿơΪүǰҲܶ£Ͱ˿͸ˡ
Ϊû취ҪЮνʳӣ̸ýҩȻû뵽ǣүûоγ˼Խͳ۸
Ȼûв¶¶֮ˣǳүȷʵ֪˶ҲȷʵĸŮ۸

ϣҲ֪ôദֻЦůҩϣȿϰҩˣ̴ů뿪
ҲϵۣûƤҪ׽Ͼ˵Ů֮⣬Ҳ֤ܹʹ衣
ϵ˰ֻ̣Ҫһǳǵʹ
ЦǺǵĽӹůҩСĵĸʢһС룬Сݵϵǰ
ϼûнӵ˼æЦȰǴһƬТģͳһڰɡ
ŻعеãȻĽӹϵС룬ȻڳڴĿºһڡ
ֻСڣʱʣµҩеϧҲֻ֪СҩһȪˮûã
ֺ˵˼仰ǳԼ˵Ҳ֪ûȥ΢΢üΪᷳԼˣһ뿪ˡ
ȵů뿪ʹĶӣһ˫Ŀ˼Ķҩ
ϼɫе㲻ԣæһĵʣˣˣǲﲻ
ϼϲû˵ǼһӵĶҩʱһŵ˵ˣѵѵҩʲôף
ǷϿųģһܲµʲôһŵĶҩʶҡҡͷ
ܣܣҲųģǺ׾ԸĳôôܻԷˣ
ϼϵɫɷףǱŵòᣬæԷҡҡͷһҡͷԭŵ΢
뵽ոϵ񣬻̲סСѯʵȻҩû⣬ˡոôˣ
Բûп˵ոֻ˲ڵҩӾʹһ΢ʹʱҲΪҩ⣬ԸողŻ¶
ǺܿԼ뿪ˣŮĶ˶ҩҲֺȷʵԹҪĸųܣҪԸҲڳı
ܿϾͷ֣ǹԼʹȥʣµľһůůĸоһ˲϶̲סҪᡣҲ֪ԼôˣôͻȻƸˣ֪϶ûкԼķʽĸס
֮ϱҩˣ֮ǹʹԣ۵һˡ
ϼ״ʱɵˣһӦҪҴ򣬵ȴһסˡ
Ͻˣˣôˣ㲻ҪŻū
ţû취Ͻʲôֻŷϲߡȵһ֮Ͼͳһ亹һɵĶζ
Ȼ֪ô£쳣̹һ˫ĿҲþࡣ
ӹǾͺ˳ʱ˲ӣΪж£˼ǹԽĳˡ
ԭҲûر⣬ֻԼ岻áȻոһ֮࣬ԼһµĲ²⣬֮ǰǺһ˶
ֻеĶһĶл֮ЧеĶȴҪ
ϣ׼һЩˮҪȥúõݸ衣
ûˣͷҲȻ˿澪ɲʵĳȥó׼ˮ
ջȥûãͱȥȥʱһɻȫ׷ʲô¡첽ϵķϸĹؽŴ֪֮ϺҩȻˣ
֮ǰһһֱΪ֮岻ãΪӹǾͺԳŶԷĵĸȪˮʮȷϵ״ȪˮҲ̫಻ʡ
ȻˣΪԷһĴ㣬Ҳ͸Լ˵ǡ


 8 

ϺȪˮ֮˲ʸлʹ˵ԼԵɺ֮£֪˶ѾĻһ˽ҩȻѽҩҩϺȡôĻ£ﱳһι
ϺͷΪʲôϷ˽ҩӦô˵ΪǶҩ̫ԵԽⶾʱŻʹࡣ
Ȼ뵽࣬ȴû뵽ڵ˵ǣȻôɺϾࡣ
ϾȻ˶ⶾܿµġΪүȻã̰ϵɫǲöֵġ
֮ǰõ˵˵ˣһԵķ˳Ļ֮һŲϵ϶ʱɷס
ȻһֱûиԣϾ˴˼Һլ˽ԼܲµϿжˡȻȻµһ㣬ȴûаѶϵϡΪȻǳҴ󷿵ĵĸûкʲô˵ûҪΪһүðղŶԡ
ϵôҪ飬ôܲ߷˺ңڻһӣӦһȥðյġ
֮ǰһ˺ܾãĲʵĲࡣԵ֮̾˵ǡвɵ㣬֪ûбҪ˺ֵĵط
Ҳĸףû㹻֤ݣ˵ĸ׻̲סǡҲ©˷Ǹ񶾵Ů˻ṷǽٶĸʲôµ
˵ţһ˫Ưʱ顣òȻˣ˫۾ľġ
˶˵۾ϣʵӱϻҪÿܴʱӾһԻͣÿһ˸񶼰ǧ
ʱǺǺ£Լһ̫ˣñ֪ܡһȽˣ֮²ûĸ׻ɣһӰѶڰק˳óеµǣǰ֪ĸ˶һжоգʱͻвȡ
ϿۺŮһ˿Щίˣ㲻Ҫᣬĸ״ӽʹȥ
ͷԶһȻʮϲԸΪͷˣ̲סķˡ
ԥһ£СϵˣĿˣ
ȥζʲôڳ˶֪ζҪ裬ҪʼŮ
߬Լ䣬ҪǱƲǾԲ߳һϵЩڰߣԲ壬ӶԸԼĸףϾû취ηηĶ
ʱĳҲȲѣ̲֮סû뵽ԭĸ׻ģȻ⿴̫ˣﻹһ㿪ġ
æͷȥ۽ǵ飬ŲſڵĸףĸŮڸıһõ˶ûСĸͻȻ˳ȥһǽٶĸ֣ʱԿҲֻߡ
Ҳ˵еӼ޵֮һԶҴүĺլֻзϺͳӣ֮һ֮ҲûС
óȻȥ˶֪Ҫģһûվȸһϵǲ±ﺦǺԼ֮޼ɵ۸
Ѿһεˣֻ뱨֮ҪΪȥֺͷӡһ֮󣬻Ҫķʽǰװһأ
ְϼ䣬ϴӦȥ֮󣬳һ¡
ĸףΪ˲˵ĻɣҪίĸ׼ڷװ
Ȼϲլȴһʮִ֮ˣ˳˼Ϊ˲˵עϲҪڷװ˵ʱҪԳĮ
֮죬ɲʱҩ⼸εҩɼȪˮ⼸Ϻ֮Ӧ󣬳֪жϵ඾Ҳ඼ˡ
ʱദĸŮ֮ĹϵԺ˲٣ϼ״̲סǸеġֻϺͳ֪ĸŮ׽˲٣ʵ˵ﻹеҡû취ײݣҲû취ǰĮ
ҲڴʲôֻϣԼ޳ȥ֮ǰȪˮϵ壬ҲǱϵ֮
ͳȻɻ󣬳ôܣ˵ּҪˣĸŮæŸѿԸû̫ʱע¡
ֹգּǱˡ
֪µʱűǰͣддůĴܻһһ߰Ϣ߳Ϊʱ̫ˣŵʱ򻹲㱻һӡ
ůĻ֮󣬶ʱ˵ࡣּ֮ھҪˣҲֻһµʱ䡣һ֮ͳ˳ӣͿԺúøĸŮˡ
ůЦΪԼҹǱɵˡһԼӣһߺһ˫۾ԳͲҿҪˡ
Ҳ֪֪Ϣּ֪ҵ˻ףһһȺϣ˵ʲô÷ģҡҿǰ֪ϢЩЦġ
ĹŴŮǲƽģּǱ߲۱ЦҲŮ߸ࡣ
һȻЩˡһǰعأ󻹲˸ǽһڼмҷԴܶ˶֪ɲģΪɵݺ֮ˣҼһ˵˵ȥԼǿվõλòߡ
һʲôںֻһĹԼҪοҪ


 9 

д˼̧֣ͷů߰ɣȥĸ￴ʡĸϢġ
һּ׵ʱҲһȺ߰˽һȺİ˵澡ʧ
֮ǰǸͨŮҲݣԼһЩвŵڵ¾Щ˿ɲʲôĹأҵĵŮˣһҰ帾һΧųָֻšп϶Ҳ⣬ȻҲ˵ôĻ
һοɲɵȳ۴˹ͺůֱȥȻƻ򣬵ҲԸɵı˳
סĵطȻʮƫƧҲԺӿݻǸԺ˲룬ǳүҲ״š
ůûã۾ʹŷĽԷʱĲУȻȴû뵽˸ա
ۺʱ䣬Ϊó׵׵Ķ棬˴Ѵѵľ˵˽ǮӻһաҪ궨ʱж⣬׵ʱжඪۡȻھͲһȴֳˣ
ŷ翴һ۸ˣҵֶŮʱ˲ͣĶţʱСֹʲôһûʲôˡ
ŷ翴ӣ̲ס΢ɲһüͷҪҸѯʱһݸݵСѾͷ
СѾͷģĽԷ︺ɨŮǰĽԷʱľ;ڳǰΣǵεС˼˭ó
ŷЦģôûǼҴﰡ԰÷ˣҼҶﻹҴȥ÷ء
æһڵĻصŷ㣬ůûãҿȥķǷ˵Ժӡ
˵ȥʱŷ粻ֱܲСԺȥȴŷһѸסˡ
ŷҪԳ˵ʲôһԵĻɵ㶵һԣæ۵ӺݺݵĹһġļ״ʱŵתܿôö˶˵ľˣûӹʶ¡
ŷ翴ɫĳۣһʮֲͬĶԳ۵ǲֱȥүǱ֪ˣһҲкùӳԡ
۵Ȼ֪ȥҲû㹻ݺʸȥĻһٸһǧġһ뵽Ϊ˽ﱸôã̲סҧҧΪһ죬ҿǵ̫ˣҲŲҪ
ŷ۸Ļ̲סö̫ˡ֮ǰô궼̹ȥˣҲѾƶ˵̶Ѿȫû˺ͶҪƣǰϺʹƼˣ˭Ӯ˭仹Ĳһ
۸ϵϵСԺʱĿοϣĸףֻںƤҵˣûл٣Ҳȵļ޽ּңպɫӺã˾Ի̱ġּ⼸ͷǱɸˣʱԸǰ׸ƵƢҲԲΪּ˺֮˵˻Ҳǻ£ɵʵĿҲʡԺּܾĥ
ȻóĻеһ뵽˻ԭϵﻹ̲סܡ¶ĻŮŮҲֱ˻¡
ŮϿһּǱ߲ռ˳ЦҲǳҳǱ˻飬ò뻵˵ҵȽϺõĻ¡
ü˼ʲôʱͻȻӲõϲ˴ţӲ̫׵ﲻҪΪū
˵ͦģϵȴǲġ
ۿŶԺŵĳӣ̲ס޵ģȴ΢΢һ˫۾۶ֻĸ밲۶þûмĸˡ˵ҲĸԺ۶ͽһ𿴿ĸס
ȳ۰ѻ˵꣬ӱ㲻õĴĻһĸףǷ˿ܲ𰡡֮ǰҲûТģͻȻﲻ̤ʵġ֪ˣ֪һƬТģ֪˰ΪҪء
ȫû뵽ôһžµСʱɷɷ׵ġҪǰƿ·ĳӣȻðԲһһ¸ûа˸ƶ
ۼ۵׵ı֮ɫʱ޵òҧһԶƺ߹Ҫֱ浹ȥͲˣβһĿ˵ū͡
Ӽ״æѽʲôײһˣһξҪ˲ɣ
ԶĲǱˣǵ֪󷿵Ů׵ĳүͶˡүǸ۸ڶ֮ˣһ򿴲߳޵Ĵ磬ߵͼͳۡ⼸˵ĸŮڸ͸ӿĸŮˡ
үǰ洫ĶݲȥܴԺ£߷˵ֱ۵һȥǰԺȥô£
Ե˵ͷȻôܴ󷿵һ̯£ҲһҫӡȳүӰԶˣŻϵСԺ
һ˹ˣ֪ǲˡ̧ɿɨһ۳ӣգ۾֮ǰĽתŶһ
۶ĸ׵ģ
Բû̻ش𣬶ĵɨһܵԺ䡣ǳСԺӣ˵ǰǸһסġ϶ԼҲǺĵģֵطҲίסôãֲ׵ġ
ȻòʱҲֳǳˡһŮģɿʮֵƯ
˵Ŀ˼Ƶ˳ϣ뵽֮ǰ˵һȺ¾Ϊ˲Щ˳ײ˼ӣȫԺӣΪƢ
˾ĸŮ̫ˣʱų۾ԽĲ˳ˡ뵽֮ǰүϢ̲סЦſڵ۽ҲʮˣӦò˶þܼˡ
￩һ£˵Ĺϵһ򲻺ã׶ΪʲôͻȻȻǾͲȴһĨߵӡ
˼⸱ӣ̲סƲƲ죬ȴһɺͰ˵۽δأԭŵڿԷˡ
⻰ϽװȥˣʲôŵĿԷˣ
ƺǿ˳۵ɻ󣬶˹Ϊѵԥһ£һǵĶԳ۵۽ںԺƲ֪Ǹδʥϸְˣ˵Ƿʲô
ȶ˰ѻ˵ˣ۾һֱ˹ȥ

 10 

ּ׵һգעû취̫ƽ
һȺ߰˽ֵĲгһǵ̫̫Ǳ߶֮۲֪ôεˣʱҲܲҳ鷳ˣæƲȺֱȥ˳۵ԺӡȻǰ׵ɣͻȻ񾭵ķҪһ棬ǵһĶŵĶүһͨ
Ϊּ˻飬ͶּߴһӵĻҪǼɵֳּƴ󣬳ҲȷʵԽԽѿ˳ˡ
ȻŮϲҲ˳ĵճŮû취óˣϾó˵ĻóҶˡҳһмҪˣóֳκγҪʱүΧסϵԺӣֹԼϢܵǰԺ
ּóףϳȻⲻ˱Цǳ߱ϾռһǲּܴǱߺݺݵһʣҵ̸ۼҲӰ졣
ɼҺľܾˣҲû¶κβ֮ɫԼ˹ֵҪ󣬳һ᲻ӦҲûʲôֵġ
ʵͦڵģΪڲŮ˲һ˾㱻ȻˣֻҪ㹻ʵһصȢӡŮӾͲһˣŮʮϿ֮󲻽Ҫָָܶ㣬ԺҲû취޸˼ҡ
ñͿʱ΢΢üͷӣмӵĸоһźļŮ״̲ס͵ǶٷĹӣôһ䲻ɸеңɸڴＰ֮ǰˣȻȢһ˹ֻȥĻ֪жôӦء
ɴӳҳʱ򣬲֪ôһμĻ档Сÿ߳һһӾͶȡеעһ˵ӡ̫ˣѾѡףɾʮֵĲ벻ܾáڷһβõĻ£Ǵһˡ
֥괩һ°ɫĻϻһѩ׵Ĵ멡վڳҵĴſڣһ˫ǳᶢųҡ
һֻټһͺˣѾʶе˵Ҫ˵ϼ仰Ȼȴ֪⸱ͳһǷǵĻ档
Ͼּ߸ռҴҵףҴǰһ˭⸱ûʧģŵ˿϶ǳҵĴˡ

һ߳۵ԺҲʮ֣ʱĳ۸ոմӻ֮ŰѶ˵Ļ
ҲʮֲĴ£һ˼ô֪᲻Ƕ˿ĸŮԹһϢŻ۵ģ
æȰ۶ȲҪż¿ɲС°ĳ£ǲһϢҲûС
Կֹüͷӣ̲סѹʣǡҲûƭҵıҪϾĻҲܳáһŮ˵һأѵŮҪ޸һ˲ɣ
ҪڼȰŷЩ˸ô
һ䣬ŪЩ˱óѿģƻûгɹ˵߻ڵϢ˸ֲ
߬ų۵󣬶ŷӺŰ˶ߣ֮ǰ˵õӶǡ
̫˽Щˣ֮ǰ˵õӸǣǾԲưոݵġΪ֮ǳ鷳ҲֻҧҧӶˡ
ȵŷ֮æѹ۶£ĳʲô£ƴҲ޹ȥ
ۻǲģӶ˻һοˡ֮¸˻飬Ժ˭һԸŮӽţ
ۣǻô죿
ﵱȻҲ֪º鷳Ҳûһ׼ȷϢʵҲ֪Ҫô죿

ִҴҹգֳ۳ұ׵ʱһ𾪵Ϣֳǡ
һֱŽĳۣϢʱЩһλ˹ȥ
Ϣ˵һս֮вҰܶ飬ǧԼҲսϡЭڵļ˵һ֮ԻʧأΪʢһ¡
ʥϵ֪ϢʱŭʱҪֱնڵԴǧ졣Ҫ򱱽ͼ佫飬ڵԴ͹񱱳ǵĳǽˡ
һϢʱһ̲סڵľһ̲סڸϽֻҪƽĻصֳǣ̼ˡ
һǸѩ죬һʰ׵ǰվ͸ү˵ˣ˵Ϊ׵ܲãҪȥׯɢɢȪ
үȻóˣ뵽֮Ա˻飬Ϊ˶ʼ޹ǸүҲûж˵ʲôͷˡҲ֪жȥׯȪҲãҲʡһӡ
ʵ˵ֺֽšůȻ֪ôˣǿӣĪҲһ
ůů¯ݵĿɨһ۳֣̲סһֵʣôùƺһЩ
գգúÿתĿ˶ӵʱǴһ˵Ļ˸о˿̶һŰ߰ߵ޷˫Ŀ˴ĸо
ůûб٣һֳˣɫЬ䲻ϡ
ϲʱ򣬳ҲźһȪˮҩȻÿһֻմһ㣬ǵȪˮ͵͵״ԭ߼·ᴭȻ߶·ʮƣҲûǰǰˡ
ûлشůĻͷҪ濴һۡûмǴĻ⼸ھҪˡһڵ˵ڻسǵ;ܼڲ˳ʮķѩͤ
Ҳ֪ʱ䣬֪һγܲﵱȻҪڵģҲðա
ڳʱڳֳǣһ·žѩͤׯӶȥĴѩ¸ͣΪѩµ̫ˣǰٶҲò
ȥǸׯҪѩ̲ͤסѩͤתһȦȻ֪ڣǳ̲סҪȥȻóû뵽ǣѩͤǱߵѩ̫ˣеһʱݽѩ
Ҫׯӵʱ򣬱ߵӺһȥׯΪҪȥׯӱȽƫƧƽҲ˹ȥסȹȥʰ׵Ͼڿɲʲôʱ򣬾ֻůˡůݣǰҲܹĶһʮֿסˡ
鿴һݵͦģůһæƳ״ҲҪȴůһֹˡж⣬˳ҵ˶һﲻʲôæʱһôʱﻹ治Ҵ
ҲĵʱͻȻ΢ƺʱ˶ԼôùɣɾҪɱڵ˰ɣ
룬һӰһӴ洳˽ûпԷӣͱһֻ׵ָס͡
ڣμ棬ա

 11 

ŶԷͻȻ֣һŨصѪζᡣķѩҲŹ˽ĺ紵˳½ͷϸѩ´ϡϴıĴУó̲ס˸䡣ʶӿռһذףذǽӿռĶӦ֮ǰı֮ǰÿνӿռʱȥǴʱΣͷ鼱֮Ҳ˲ʲôˡ
Ǿڳóһ˲䣬Ŀ˵˫۶ϡ˫۾ʵ̫ϤˣϤһ۾ϳڡĿǰòˣԼذױ˶ûӦ
ϴһصߣֻ¶һ˫쳣ӡΪ֮ǰոɱ˵Ĺϵʱ۵ɴһɿµɱӳǰѻƹŹֵذףȻͷǰСﰲе֡
ڼ״Ҳûж룬ΪСﱻɵˣ͵΢΢һ㣬ͷڳССﲻҪ£ֻһãҰȫĽ˳֮һ̷ǰȫ뿪
ڵĻ˵꣬εů㱻һߴ˽һιȥˣֻǻ̲סһȻеǱ鲼ȥ˿ҲҶ˵ʲô
Ǹߴɨ˳һۣһʮС㳯һ޵Ķ˼ѯҪҪҲһΣ
Ҳһɵӣһ۾ͿԷƵ˼æһ˫۾Ŀڡļ´˿еǱһ˫ɿϧ
ڿǰеϤӣﲻ֪ͻȻʲôԳ㲻Ҫұ㲻㡣
̵˵ͷڱջס˫֡ԼҵҲɴɿֵʱ㷢֣Сѩ׵ɴմ˼ѪѪȻԼմȥġҲû취ʲôΪ˿Ѿŵ˼ޣ˲ǰһھ˹ȥ
Ȼʱı飬ǿϲͣµѪˮҲʮʱ˵жءҪʲô̫˽˵ԸˡǻûϤ֮ǰԼ˵֮£Ǿû취İ˵ĿġҪóȻ´ʱڿһϢģһŤĲӡ
ǳ̲סʮżڵѪȥûڵǸ˵úأһЩҩ㡭ҪҪֹһѪ
һΪҪǰڡٳŵʱůƿҩΪһ˵ʱ˵õЩȴû뵽ͦ˵ģȻڣ
Ҫ·ĸߴԣʱϲüҵĶԳҩҩҿ
˽ڵĽֵܣҲΪĿ֮ˡ˲һѧҽ֮ԸҪҩǵĳҩһûĵĻẦڡ
Ȼʲôʮİҩޡ޼һƿҩҩû⻹ϺõĽҩ̸˵Ķڵ磬ҩû⡣ڼȻҩǾͲżˣ˳Ҳ֪ȫ
û˵ˣԱ㳯΢ɲĵ˵ͷæѽҩŵҪһȫĵط
ҲŽˣ˵Щ׷ɱǵӦöˣȻҲġ֮ǰ֮ǰ㼱ŽǣΪڵʮأŲòٳ˳ϺõĽҩԼҲǰҲûмżˡ
ԭҪȥԼׯӣ뵽Լׯ˶ӣ̴ͷڳĵĶʱԭſҪ˯ȥˣͻȻٴ˫˫ۡ
Ŀٴϣԭһֱƽ޲̲סеŵ΢΢˴üͷһα۾ʱ̲סС͵һۡ
ܰѽӿռȪˮͺˣھͲతϵʹˡͷڳĵͱɿķˡ˵ںϤ˵һİ˸ֵˮȣڵԸҲԸȵġ
ڳʱ̲סٴ۾ǵһμСԡ죬һСŮҵֶûУֱֱŮеһࡣ
ڼСĹǽεεһϲ͵ᣬоǸеСĻδޡδǼڵӣ˵侲ضˣһ۾ֱ˹ȥ


 12 

޲ûиȥǳŶʮ·ҵһѾķϵϽԺŷŲԹȥ֮ޱûйܳˡ
ѩԽԽˣһСȫĳûܡҾˣҲ˿⡣һʼͲΪ˽ˣҪ˼ҵ·ҲŸ·ˣȻΪѳˡ
ȷʵûܵ˼һγΪڣ˾棬߻ҪˢһڵĺøС
һԹ޼޸ڣճ׾ͱ˲ҩȻΪ˲棬ͺԲ˷
֮ڷ˶ΪѹסڶأÿŷӸιҩʱڹϵܲãÿڻǻᵽΪĳªҩǸõı
ǸʱĳͦڵģϾĸ˲ϲɫõŮˣԼªһÿµģҲûжôϲʱķôļҡ
ڿµĿڣѵʲôֵã˵ΪԼˣԾһԣ
Ȼʱ֪ǣǰʶˡڵ֮ԻӦȢۣΪѳϳ˳ʱѯʹۼ⣬֪ϴˣ̲סð˳
ںͳ۶ûã㷢ֳƭԼǸʱĴܲãʱضпܱ˺ûŤתǳȫ˳۶һƬġ
ڶԳ۵ıðʱĳҲ
޸֮ΪĸŮƣɹүӣÿֻϴˣȫûзϵĶԽԽ٣һ޾׵Ķǡ
ǸʱرԼůѷľȫʼָʱ˾ͱڸȫˡÿỨѺܶʱ䣬źϴȻױ硣
ʱһ˲İҲȫˡһҪѳߣһΪųԱΪʲôʥˣڵõ˳֮󣬻˵顣
ԺԽԽƫִһҪѳ֮ڰյķһֺԼƫִģŵ
һĳ뵽Щֻ̲ס̫ˡȻھһ־һδ飬ܹŵ˼ϴ񣬳ֻЩǰı֡
ڲһ㲻ڣʮڴĻ뵽̲סеСġ

ǽůܶްæ̧뵽ڵ֪ûиڴ˿Ҫֻܷϵһ˵ϡ
æʱ˶۵еˡһߣһ²һԼ塣ôɲУҪϽúõźãȻԺɾڡ
æҡҡͷԼʱ˼롣
߽ʱֽĸҩΪȫڣԳûпڵȻҲŹˣ̲סһȵĿСһۡ
Ϊ˶Ĺϵ巢˺ܶࡣϾҪˣǿʮСѾͷƵء
޵ ʱŹغá
Ϊ޲ֵģϺõĽҩԶԳӡǳáСܲЩǿ޿Сöˡ
ɲʲôתغľţȹȥں֮󣬳ϰ˺ţпȹڴһʱˣʮֲϰڵźʹ硣
ĵ϶߰Ķк˵ļľжһԵשһЩɲݡ
֮ǰסˣӦ··˻ؤȻҲûʲô˻ס
òߵߣſϵжء뵽֮ǰһ侲˵̲סһ۵Ŀ
ԭĸҩڼؿһ˿ڣ֪˿ڱϲֹѪͷ½һƤӡ
һߴƤҳߣһ̲סָһԵĳ鷳𡣡
˵ţһӵææҵıסȻʮĿʼ
һʼҲû𣬾ǵһڷ˿ʱ̲סú¡ŸҵҲʡһҪ޲޵ĶڿáʲôƵأ
ޱΪŴ磬ӦǸʮָմˮǧС㡣Ҫںܾòȴû뵽ܿ˻𣬻ʮڻ˺һɲݡ
СЩ֮һ·ѾŪˡûнԼ·ǹԹԵһŶߣǸλøպòŵ־
û𿾹ڷһʱСһƵĶһ˫Ư۾ҲžžવĲͣᡣһᣬСϱɴʪ͸ˡ
ޱеĻŻŵģ̲סһۻȥڣţСòǴĺ֪ɣҲҲ̫Сˣδ̫̫ɥĲ˰ɣ
ղأ

 13 

޺ò׸ڷϺ˿ڣڸڵ˿ҩʱԭ۾ͻȻ۾
޼ˣ̲סȤһ䡣磬ôʱˣٶ˯һҲʡĶﰡ
Եɨһۣ޼״ʱƤЦæֽļҩ
ƺ̫ˣֻ׵ŵ棬Ҫ΢һԼơʧѪ̫ˣԭʵֱһҲʹϡ˲ŸոյĶһ¶ѣԴһתܡ
״æҪȥס΢΢ֻûдڣԱ
ң
ڵеɳƣһ˫ĺҲ˳
û뵽ףʱ˶һ¡ǲôڵģΪһôã屾ܵĻǾе㺦¡
ʱرһ˫۾޵úͮͮģҲġҪ˽޵ƢҪΪ޳Եʱ򣬰˼СﵱСū۸Ƶġ
ԭҪϳߵģȻѾ˶ɱˣҲȷ֮ûкһЩ׷ɱǵ˻ģʱҲû취
˫۶ϣ֮ǰҪ˵Ļʱ˵ˡ֪ǲˣܾСѾͷܵӡ
ԼߣԼ߻ö˶˵Ĵš֮ǰĵһͷʱͱԼĻɢˡ
ȻûϳԼǡΪʲôѵöһˣ뵽ĿһȻһ˫һ˿Ȼ
һûˣȷʵбһʱȻ󡭡ϱߡ
ˣˣԼ⸱ģˣͲҪ˼СѾͷˡ
Ĵò˼ͷĳ۲䡣
ŵʱڱ㲻ٶ࿴һۣǽüͷŻѷ
޼ʱܷɵпϴϴûɢ»
޼ϵֹסѪҪժϵߡָոմڵߣʶҪֵסԼ
һս֮Уǧȥץзȴû뵽󷽸֧ԮĴûаԭļƻʱ֧Ԯ͵͵İж˵о
ڴǧ˳˰ΧȦʱߵĽֻʣ²һǧˡԭһǧ˿ӹһ٣ǸǵӵˣںЩŻ󣬻ڱǡ
˱ԼֵµıװҪӦһسǣȻڻسǵ·ϸҩȻûͰȫ
ʱȽżҩһǧˣнһû֮ŵڵ֪ҪԼʱе˶ɥʧǡ
Ϊ˼ҹΪѣսͷ­ѪȴôҲû뵽гһջԼ˵ϡ
ϵˣ˵ʱ򱻱ըĻ͸˵ġ
սϻ֮һֱҽϵˡΪЩ֮ԻȫΪܵ¡Ҫµ˿ڣһֱʹá·ֻе㴭ϢĻᡣ
ҪȰϵ˴һ£ƺĵǣֻ䵭˵һ䡣
ˣҲˡ
ɫеѿڴһ·ֳǸϡʱһֱزأҲһֱûкúϢϵ͸ûŧˡβܵĻںܾܿͻΪ˿ڷ׶
֮ڻӲдţҪΪЩĽϴˢԩҲΪһ㣬Żһ·ֲиظϡ
ֻ֪Ҫȥˣӵл£гһչڣһֵǲϴԩ
ڵĻʱͬĿҪúȰһȰڣ񱱵Ľᣬܻġ
һʱɸǳɹˡȻڼ֮ǰˣµȴͰļš
ƺͲµԼԼ˽ȥӵ֪ԭŵľͷʱر㴫ϢĻһˮ档һֱѹƵĻӣʱ̳Ӻݺݷˣ˳õľҲһ±졣
֪ԼϴԼЩԩðйԼţϾԼҲû뵽ôرԼʵҲڶ֮ܺһ
֮ˣڶٰãҲ׷ŹڡЩ˹͸Ŷ񶾣ǲΪ˵öֻӵôߵ躦ˡ
ͻȻһץסڵ˫֣ȻһĶ޵죬ժˡ
ں޶û뵽һֱСͻȻ֣΢΢ȵĿʱ̻عæһѾժڵߡ
ΪʱߵԭϵƤⶼϡ޸ժߵʱڶʱ۵ȫȻǳ۷ǳܣҲûд³İѳƿ߬һ˫ʵȭͷ
ȳڵʱԭѾ۾Ϳʼᡣ˵Ǹڣǳȴ޵øҡ
һ߸ڴ˿ڣһ̲סο㲻ҪˣϵҲͿأʵΣ
޲˵ãһ˵ͰѳȫԼϡ
ֻһԹĿҪһ㣬Ҳ۰ôô³
ԶʱһΣժҲۣһ಻ʹֱһժһ˰ˡ۶̣ȻҲʮۣҲڵĳܷΧڡ
ȻˣЩҲ˵Լ˵СԾԾԵС־ͻк
ϸõ˿ڣҪõȥ˾ذףҲû֡Լһȥϴͱγһ
Ȼûûεģʵκ˶ڡȻʱûʲôãѾϡ
ڿ޾ذʱ̲סŵľġջذף̲סһ
ȻڵǳֲֻҪȪڣʮĸκõġ
˲亹ԭе㱡ĴҲˣ뵽ϻŲٶ
һۣȻ޵ܲܰҰҵŮ򣬴̧Ȼв·ţܹûů͡
վû뵽Ǹ˵ĺӡҪתʱֿڵ鷳㣬Ұϵʳ

 14 

ȵת΢ͻȻ㻹Ҫץʲôʱ򣿡
ŷ֣ڻץڵ֡һ߷ɿķſڵ֣һе㵣ĵɨһۡ
ʱҰˣ۽ǶˡһͿϰˣǴʱǾúܿ¡ɫĻӳϣǴĶ
֪ڲϲİ˴뵽Լոմ󵨵ľٶ̲סСĵһŲŲ
Ȼų￴ȥ۽ǵȴһֱСѾͷ͵͵ŲĶڵİŵ۵һ˿ȻʮԼǸʲôӣСѾͷôһҲ⡣
֮ǰͻȻʱԼµ˳ݡȻϴɴ۾ʵ̫ˣҪǶס
ʶҪ׷ݵüǰʮصֳǣһΪ˻ϣΪ˰ʦѰһһ·鵽˳ҵլӣʦҪҵıܿڳ
Ϊ˴̽˵ϢͼٰؤڳҸǻʱҸмؤͻȻһؤ⣬ǾҪ۸Ƶڡ
ʱĳ棬պײ˰ŴĻ棬㺰˼͸Ǽؤ
̫ˣģ˵ߵˡŻڻ˳ңҪү
ʱֻСѾͷɵʶһˣҰֱӴؼȥҲʲôʮˣһСҺһҡ
үԭҪӦģûٸɫǨŭ֮²ûдӦؤһͨ
ʱүŵòᣬһ˫ƯĴ۾ֱתСѾͷΪںͺܶڳʮְӵûеһŽ𶹶ȻүԸ͵͵İڲ
ǸʱĳͻС뱻ڵԶ֮ˣþСӵ˼ҪʱҪ鱦䣬ҲһߺЦһεС?Ѿͷ֡
Ůİ£һڲڳҵĲ졣ڼɨһ飬ûвκ˿ǸʱһΪլıѾҲˣһֱڳϻʱ䣬ȫ֪˸֪¡
֪ڳҵĵ죬үͻȻҵ˲񷿣ѲڸץȻʱֻо꣬ǰһвڸҲʮֲ񻰡
үһҪŻҪǲһɫҪڵ˫ȡ
ĺ˼ܵͲʲôĻˣԸүʲôʱɵˣΪΪԲ£ʧȥһ˫ȡ
һȺѺڣҪӺݺݴȥʱһֱܰӣܽеСѾͷͨһ͹ˣȻͣĸүͷһһµİԴײڵϡ
ڱ뿪ߵģΪԼֱˣСѾͷһЩ鷳ԲһֱûзСʲôͷûгԹⱻҵ˴һ١ֻҪүϳˣֵСֵСѾͷС
ȴû뵽үȻһϷû뵽СѾͷķӦôŰԴƤСѾͷԼһ߸ϵĳүͻȻһץס˳үĲӣʱŵҳһš
үһᣬݺвһͨүŵòˡΪԳǽˣʱضҪԴүС̳ŵ׷¡
֮͵͵Ǳңүû׷֮ǰ£Ϊ뿪ֳǡ
֪ǣΪ飬˳СĳóԽԽعأԸҲԽԽŰľګ
ΪʲôϴˣһΪۺͳǽãСȷʵмơһֱ֪ʲôϳ۵ʱð
ڵʱӦҵĻ£Ϊѳ۵˳ΪСѾͷ֮Ϊܵ˳үвȡ뵽ԼҲҪ׵ģȢһûİŮˣѡСѾͷսԼ¡
ôȥˣɼǵССһŵСѾͷôСôĿɰڳүǰͣͷӡȻʲôˣСѾͷίϲ𣿴Ӧµʱڻûж룬ֻҪ
Ȼû뵽ǣνıȴˡ֪µʱڵĸоǳһӬʱرܣ޲үͳۡʵѳ飬Ǹʱյӣֵ֪δɣ˰˻ͷ
ôҲû뵽ԼǱʱٴ
ڷʱ򣬳͵͵˼һ֮ǰµģǷ˳ˡ
ڳóĬͦεģҪûһʱͻȻůľ
һ֪ůˣæվҪܣΪվĶ̫ͣǰʱһƬڡ
ˤʱ򣬶ʱĶˡ˾ڻԣҪˤĺзˡڳΪԼ˵ʱʱͱһ˫ֱ۱סˡ
˿˵Ļһʱ֮Ķ̲סûü٣ǱھҪӻƳȥ
ʱеίһϲˣµ·һȴҪƿ˽ڵƢ֪ڲĳִڱƿʱ̼װ²ȣתһȦֵڻ
ůһһ߽ʱ͸պÿ˽һĻ档
ůһŵĿˣＸһżˡ
޴һ£Ȼֱ׳Ķůûû˵Ҳǻ˰ɣǶԼˣǹϴĺ֪
˵˵ȥ̲ס𱸵Ż˼Сڡ
ϴ󣬸磬磬ʲô㲻֪𣿾ټ͡ҲҲҪע⡭
治ŵĻһ۵ŵ˻ȥ
סС첲һľ룬Ȼʾůҹˡ
糺죬ֺڡĲǼͣҲǶʲôͼǣǺþûмˣҪѡˣȷʵʱҡ                        
ڣͷۡ

 15 

ڳ԰ղʱůŴӸոյлعһŬ̧˹ȥ
ûůµĿ⣬Сĵİѳůȷٵջ˽߬ųֻ֡
˵ʲôůһֹӣůůҰϵʳȡ
ůӦһų˸һ̤ůһżʵ⵽ô°ʲôˣ
ˣǸ˵Ѫܵģ˿쳣Ŀֲ
ů𾪵ǣǼҹﲻƺƺǸ˺ܵӣ
ҲǸһ𳤴ģСһֱǸʮعصˣ˵ʲôйϵ׽ˣǸλүҲʮԶġ
ǡǾһովȻǸ˱һ뵽ʱů̲ס졣û뵽ﾹȻ󣿼ֱˡ
ҲůͣůöʱֻǼ򵥵ĸů²ܸ˵ֻҪסǲǻ˾ͺá
ůʳ̲סСǡǹôʶǵģǰûôÿһγȥҲ˸ţū澡
ůĻȻֹΪͻȻ˳
ʱѩС˲٣ɲͣš
һɫԳů֮ǰǲҪȥʲôط
ůԣʱĿһ˫۾ƺ
ôôǻʲô
ޣϴ˵֮ǰҪȥģҪҰͻسȥǱϾǣˣڳ׷ΣաоΪԺİȫ룬ǻȥ֮Ҳװûǡ
ů־˵еתͷԳǻǸϽȥɣһܲãܾǰģ֮׾ͻġ
뿪뵽ڵܲãһ֮ʲôĻҲֻΪڵ׸
ŵʱ򣬳ůȷʵûȥˣڻȥ֮ǰůҪʰһݡ
ô˵ůŷԼҹǱӡůʱæų
ǰͺ䣬ǰҪȺܶ࣬ҲȺá
ůںһѣ¸ɾĻϴ·ǰ˶˳ȥܵ·
ȻԱһѣľˡڳֻˣůǸֽģܿůİ»·
֮ǰ˲ٶԼʳкƿҩҲǡ
ʳװ˼㣬ԼһࡣЩůΪ׼ģҪ·ϵʱӡ
͵͵һȪˮһԼ·ϳԲˣһԼ
Ȼһ·ϳģҲû˳Զ˼ЩԵĺ࣬Ҳһֱڡ
Լˣڵƻ񻯣һЩҩãҲܶе
ʳнʱһҪڰˡڰѳСɩӿȫûжӦ
ԭҪǻȥģǳʱˡ޴ʱֱȽأŻᵽڲ
˵һˣߴ޻ȥߣԼҲڣҲûмҪǻسǡ
޿ųԶһϡصʱڷ
ʵϲĶոޣضˡڹʹľʹʳУȻ뱻ࡣ
౻ķţֻǼ򵥵ĳһڣͷྐྵȻеȣ
ҪȵڶڵʱԼԼĶе㲻ֵĲʸ֮һ˵ů
ůǿңǿҵе㱵ĸоԭŷ
뵽ʱε⣬ںڵ΢΢һ¡Ĵٴѹϣһԥȹˡ
ڸհˣͿͻȻˡƶʱŵ޻æ͵Ҳ밡СɩӲǵ𣿸ոͻȻˣҪһ㣬СɩҲþܾ
ԭҪŭСɩ֣̲סգһīһĺת뵽˸л£ҲСѾͷκΣգڱ޵´β׼˵Ҹûпܡ
ԸҪ˵ʲôͿԭúõһͻȻ³һںںڵѪ
ԼƺҲһ£ָ̧ҪסԼ죬һںڵѪ˳
ʱѾɵˣɴһ˫۾ô£Ŀڸոշµ룬ʱһŵʣѵѵһ࡭ôܣСɩӡ
ްѿеĻ˵꣬˫ʧȥ˫ͻȻգգȻһĶ޵Ұôˡ
æܵǰ΢΢ִϣԭǵ϶ʱһϲ
˹ˣԱ֮ǰƽȺܶ࣬ԭľҲͨˡ
ԼҲ˵ô£һйء
ϴСɩôģѵȵʲôʥҩ
˵žͶ࣬ԭ볢ﶼʲôҩ֮󣬲ŷͱںȵһɶˡ˵ˣһûС
еĿһۣȴûд˼Ķ˶Ӳ塣
޼ڲ˵ӣ̲סһ¡
ޣˣϴСɩʲôʱʶģ֮ǰô֪ļҵĹﰡ
ڶͣһ£ĿĿ޵ҪʶĻ

һ߳سǵ·ϲ˳·˼ѩҹӡϳ˳򣬼ӵܱЦסǵ
˲ٳ£ųޱȣǸԸŰԸ֮Ľۣ뵽֮ǰڴ˳ۣҪסһͨ
ůһȺΧתʱżĶԳЩ̫ˣūȥǸߡ
ҪůЩǳģůȥҲûáůֻһŮǲẦů˵ӵķӶԸů
֪Щ˵ƷԣҲ֪Ϊʲô޷Ҫж󣿼ȻѾȥˣȻҪúʵŶԵԼ
ԭΧЦˣȫû뵽ǳû뵽ǣȻûдɴˡ
˿ηվѩһ˫޾׵ưǣһڿһȺֵͯ


 16 £׽棩

֮ԭе׵ļˣڿ˲䣬һ㶵Ķ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵Ҵ׳һϳ˰߰ߵĺΪʲôǰ֮ˣ֮еĲ̫һ
ȻСҲвӣڹǲƤֻҪɵӶóļǵ覴ãǲԷǸλˡԷ˫Ʊ˵Ŀǹ⿴һ˫۾ס
ϴźܺصĶ£µĿʽһҲݻ˵ʮֵĵأǴȴɺܺÿ˿ʮֵվںƺһͻᵹӣ˵֮Ǹȫһˡ
СûΪϵ覴öԱʮƵѩһվССһ˶ȴ˿ûΪǶ¶һ˿
֮СĹӼ״ͻȻĳͦÿģǸɾ;ԲסóϵС覴ãȫ֬֬۸סʵ㲻ܸסҲûʲôǾóʮֺÿ( ? ?? ?)?
ɲ֪뷨ֻ֪ҪģվǺ÷ӡվ֮ԭŵ˶ʱưˡ
еֵĿһۣûҪѵ˼ڵȻλ£鷳һã𵢸˻سǵ·
˵ţתҪȴһͻȻ
˵˽ԽǸΪѳˡһֱʮְĽۣԭŰѳȢؼҵ޵ģ۵ݱǸϲӪС˼ģһֱѹŲԸͬŻ¡
ûãʹںͳ۶ϢʱԽǺַŭ޲ðһڸˡ
ǸʱڷͷֳǵռҺּҼҪŵʱ֣˼Ҿ͸ӵﲻˡ
Խӳڴ˳ۺ󣬾ͶԳҵĵŮ֮ܲǰһֱţҲûκλ۱ѵֳ˳ԽԸ
ͣתĶһ˫ĿĿԽǵˣһߵһΪ˳ּҹĸãûΪ˳¡
֮ǰСӼԽסʱ̲סԽһۣѹԽԽʿɶֹ
λСӽлУǻСܳһλӡͷһλ׵Ľлɣֳǳĵһ˼Ů
ǰ㱻ּּ̫̫Ҵ󷿵ĵʮֲ򵥣ʮѾ˾ˣҪǺΪͻȻһ󲡣ڵĲŻ˵һɳˡ

Խƽﻹͦ»еģʲô˲ˣӶҪ۱ͷ
ԽƵĿųǰּҲŸףȲĳ棬ּ׮ҲͦġȻ˭ڸոձȻ׺󣬻Ȥ
ΧļλԣԽ⻰е̫ˡ˵ԩ޳ģʵûбҪΪ˼һŮӡ
ڹŴŮӱѣһŮӱ˹Ȼ˻飬ҵ˵ײǽˣһҲĲҳšһﱻ˵裬ˡ
ʱԽ£ҪóɨأñĻôһźá
ǳֲһŮӣôһȡЦ衣
Ĺ˹ǣһ˫ĿûиĿԽ⹫ӣƺԱ˵ļʮֹİӵЩµĳ฾һ޶
ԭ˵ȻͷֱȻѵĳûΪԽĻգƽԽһ䣬˿ûаԽ˷
Խŭ㾹ң
ͦģϵñӴͷϣԲûסЦˡ˵ôСѧһֺЦʮֵȤ
⹫ӣҵģҲȶģҲѡôͳأ
Խû뵽ŭ֮±Ҫųȥ״æҪˡ
ȴû뵽ԽָҪ£ͱһԷһöԽʹһµ˵ϡ
ԽסԼҪ𣬾ͷֲԶʻһݻĽǶŽһ
Խڿϵļһʱԭŭ϶ʱ쳣ѿȻͿϣһһ°ɫ»꣬겻Ǳǳǰδ
Դ֮ĿһֱǰĳҪǴʱв˿ţ̲סҪǰһסˡ
Ҳû뵽ɣʱ˫۾ţʱ̲סͷƤһķ顣ΪʱɵĿ⣬͵ڵĶرѹסȥּҸʱһģһ
˻֮ǵһμ棬ҲɵһμĿҲΪһ棬ɱҪڶռͷ
֮ǰ˵ɾǸֻƤҵˣһһҲûдΪȫ˻顣֮ΪָòȫѾΪϧһдۺӵ˺ֻΪɱڶӡ
뵽̲ס䣬Ǹôɶˡ޲ãھֱҪ
ɲƵĿ⣬һ˫Ȼ̲סһ¡뵽֮ǰԼܲ˵˻飬һҲ֡
ҲǽŲճڴ˵飬ʵġԭǳãӶθǸȴû뵽Ȼ
ǰϵĸС覴ãȴû֮ǰǰǿҵ벻ͣþ⸱Ҳܺá
ɷԳô죬ô˳ǣ
ɲʮ꣬ŭɵĺ͡òʮֳڣϸ˵ʱ򣬸һֱСĺǻŵĴ
⸱ӣȴûɵ̲סһҪĲ
ƺ˳Ҫ뿪ɶʱżǰҪȴһԵĻиסˡ
ڿɵʱ̲סе㽻飬ǲǷꡣ
İϵһߣѹŸ˼׶ã˼Ҹʲô

 17 

ֻ̧ɨ˻һۣȻʹӻԼ䣬Ȼж˵ӡ
Ȼһ㽻飬㽻ɿûܹ˽µĵط
мӣʱеĺǼҸּҺôףһ𳤴ģΪҲǺˡ
ʱɾǧ֮ӣжʱҲû˶µ顣
ɱסʱ򣬳ѾůһԼҹˣ̴ߴϽϳ
Լҹ쵹ùˣѪܵˣֱһȺᷳ˾ԺлĻһúȥݰԼҹԺҪùˡ
ֹһԵԽԭҪǰסͱ߹һץס졣
Խץסʱŵ̲סӡҲûһץסԷ·ƣһתͷǰ߹
Դ֮󣬾Ҳû¶ˡ֪Ϊͷûƿ⿴һۡ
˵ĿԶȥﻹץԽޱĻͷ͸һȭ
Խһ򣬲ûվˤ˵ϡһ˶һĻŪˣȫڷʲô裿
ʮҴϧ˻ҲҪ˼ҵ̬ʲô˼
ʵֹǸе֣ĳҲʮ֡
ӦʮŶ𣿺޲ûκǣŶԡʲôһΪͷӣ
ȥ֮ΪɵһնġۿϾҪˣмǧʲô⡣Ȼ֮ǰİٰͣǳһЦ
ֵ˼գڻصֳǵϢ㴫ˡвȥ̽һ£ǲ紫һְλݣ
֮ǰ̫죬ֳǳ˷ͷֳǵ˲ˡ
ЩµĹǣ֮ǰûٱȽϡڼòŻλȨصǰһĲֵЦ̸
Ϳʮֲ˳ˣ˵ڱܶ飬һ޲õźúóһҪǼɵϵңְڸϳֳǡ
Ҳ֪ǲڹģ˼ͷһʱԼֳǵĴϡ
˵ڳʱʮֵڻᱻ۸æů˳ҡ
ȵҵڵʱϱһȺΧţвٵ˳ӲҶӺͼ
״ʱ۲ѣʶľҪȥȴһԵůһѱסˡ
ů֪ڷѩͤĿˣȻȻǶδڣ
һųһ߲ͣСԳ㲻ܹȥ㲻ܹȥȥĻͳˡ
ůȻ֪ô£ֱڻǵԼڶԷʱı顣֪һֱǸعصˣܲ˵ҲҪ׽ˣҹ϶ǰ˶Է
ǾˣҲùȥҹԲܣϲԼδһẦҹġ
һ˵Ĵָں㺦ôˣԼô˼Ż㣬Ҷû
ǰǰǴôжһˣˣ
Ǵ֮ܣ
ҲĴҳҲ±Ǹ
ûиоǵĶһתҪ뿪ʱ֪˭һʯͷһҵϵߡ
žһأΧ۵ſΧʱһľ
ڱرһɣһȴª˵ĳʮ־޴еӱȽС˶ʱŵˣ·ʲôµĶƵġ
أĻˣ⡭Ҳ̫˰ɣ
԰˵ǸҶҲͦҵģ֮ǰѾĻҪ޸Է񡭡
˵ҶҾ˳ҵĴһͦùģŮĻ¶˳֮ǰǸձּ˻飬СҲû취ˡ
΢΢ʹһ˫˫ۣŨܵ۽ë˫ͶһƬӰߵ˲ԶĵϣתҪȥߣ޳ָûǸߣͱһһῪˡ
ವһͻǰȺҼҪǸߣʮĬһһİԶ
һҫ飬ʱжôޣжôǱ
ЩԭӢ۵ˣƺ˵Ļ֮ǰʱЦжģʱжª
ڻ̧˫һ˫޲۾ĿǡΪʲôƴȫҪǵģ
ΪǶΣΪܵΪ˱ѡ
֮ǰһֱŽҵΪ˶Ҳм˻ġɨһȦĶһģһ
ԣѪʲô
Ǳѣݣԩûһ
һӵͻأĿָڵʲô飿Ѳǻ㲻ɣ
ǣʥϲģûдΪʲôҪͷ
Ǹ򱱽ҲǵģȻΪ飬Ϲ۾
һ򱱽һֱû˫۶ʱΧĿѹֵϢ
ܶ˱ŵˣ׷׵ıͲ˵ҲвٵӴˣ˵ıˡǰĳӶһӻ̲סһ߸
ʲôΪˣźô޹֮ˣ
ˣ
޳֮ͽ
Ƚϳ嶯ˣɲϵͷĿǣһȺ̲סڳȥ
һ̧־ץסڵ죬ΪҪʱһС꼷Ⱥ˽
Сڵһײϣ˳ʹɿڵ죬æھҪȺ塣ʵ̫ˣǰٶȷǳûǾͱǼ׷ˡ
֮ǰǸץˣԷǸСˣһץס׾پͰССһ
ڱ˲䣬һ߻æסͷϿñӣһҧݵҪýȥʱʵܺµģһ뵽ǸҶڣʱʲô˲ˡ
һУһ߸ӵĴ󺺺С϶ͬˤС
ԴЦʱ¶һĴⲻ
˵žͰѳ˳ȥʱŵñ۾ԭΪһο϶Ҫˤˣȴû뵽һϤĻ
һ̧ͷͶ˫īһĺڿСʱæѳԼ
ʮִ³ıײؿڣʱ۵
ԼֻҪǰͱһֽûõˡ֮ǰʱ򻹳ʱĻֻ
֮ǰ쳣ŵļˣڿڲվֻǰһǶʱ̲סˣһ˾ǵĲӡ
ڿڵӣ̲ס΢΢˳ǣȻ̧ž߷ӳǸˡ
ʱڻɱڵģȫû֮ǰĲ벻
˱һ߷ڵصˣŵ˲ͣŵ㡭㲻ңڻ
ûĻһŻｿС˶̧һšΧ˶ʱȥˣڱڵŵˣһҿֹڡ
ҿڵڣƺɱ˵ģһɱˡ
ĺպսҫѪͷ­ɡʧȥȨƣ޷ڸжµʵ
ڻٴ̧ŵʱоС˲ĳ˳·һ±Ż˿һۣűųΡ
һûκθǣھŻСһ뿪Ⱥ
ףŬһ졣

 18 

ȵڴųԶ֪˭С˵һ䣬ոǸС꣬񡭡Ǹ
Ȼ˿̴ұڵŵòᣬûжһ仰һЩԵСˣڿڷ֮еڸŴˡ
ڸոǸŭı飬ǱԩĻǳ׵ĵڡһϴˢԩҪЩˣ
ȻҲһֵ˲Ϊ⣬ԺټڵĻһ׷Ź

ڰѳһׯŰѻ󵨵СѾͷ뵽СѾͷƺܲõӣʱԥһ£ڿԷվŷ
е㲻˼Ŀһۣǹڵģǵȴھ
֪һȪˮãû취ôˡξܿ״һǳá
һ뵽ոΪ˱վ֮󻹶ṦȻ书Ҳ֪˵£ǲ׶ġոպñôãҲ֪ϵûѿ
ƺ˳ĵǣޱ˵ȥ㲻ó
˵ţʾµ뿪
⴦ׯʦģԴʮͽһС̶̼ʱ䣬˲£ֳǿ˺üӡ
ε£Ϊṩܶ෽㣬ҲΪʲôҪֳǵԭ
Ȼ뿪һ˫ĿͰ͵ĿһҪ˵˵ӡ
ȴû֣Σķ֪ж۾û취óСӾֻܺݺİƵԶԶġ
ȻʱıݺݵĴһ£Ҳʮ̰Էһ˿ůǡǧֵܵĴûб
Įı۾֪Ҳı䲻ʲôֻܴӲʲԸıߡ
ͳȥ˺ܽǴųһ·ȻתתһȦŰСͻ˳ҡ
صĽԷʱů۾һżĵԺһȫĻˣů̲סݺݵһ
֮ǰװȺʱůľһֱɤۡ
ԭůԼװһ£ȻȥӽΧġΪů߶вϵһǳ׽ŮůʲôϳĻǾ͵ڳڵعˡ
ǳϵģԴӻ֮ٳȥ֮ǰȥΣҲŮ졣ڳ仯ܴԭ΢ֵҲ֮ǰҲû취һӾϳ
֪ūˣū澲ΪҪˡ
֮ǰʱûססҹȻů֪Ҫô˽
֮ůͰճ֮ǰķԸԼһǰˡҹ֮ǰﻹһĽԷҲ֪ûпʲô
οů䣬ĽԷʱʲôƵͻȻůһ£ҸȽϿɿ˰ҶɣһʲôɵľٶһҪǰ֪ͨҡ
ůԾ˳죬ҹӣһӦһųů

ڵֱ飬ܿʹϵĶҲִģ֪ڲ֮ˡһγĴ£ܿ˸ʹ˰ӡ
ڻصֳ֮ǰ˾͵ϢȻû˵ʲô˶ڶ֣ҲԼµһ
ȻûҺ͹Ǻܶ˶ڱãһҺ͹İĬȻǹˣвٻӰжԺĵλԽԽߡ
ʵڲӣҪҲкܶࡣ֮ĵ֮£ںǧҲֻƷѡ

¶ʮ壬ֳһСꡣ
Ϊڵ飬¶û׼顣
үΪ۵Ļ·ÿʾ֭ڹɣҲ͵͵ΪԼ׼ױ
ȻǶ˳ۼ޹ȥģΪºѣ͸˲ٵĽΣǳҪú׼׼
޵ĵ죬ͰϵĶسɾҪƯӼ޸ڡȻԵߵҲ᲻ƿ
ůʱ򣬾ͼԼҹžɵЦůæһϵЦݣſ첽˽
ů֮ǰū˶ֹū澵֪⼸ֹӣֹӺͶʮУ˿ƺıʲôǻһЩȽϺá
Ե˵ͷů⻰˵ĺе
һ뵽֮ǰɿ񣬳̲סϰµġ³һֱԹԵİǰ·ߣڵġڡۿžҪˣ̲סʮֵĵġ
ţͻȻ뵽һ⡣
ʾůǰů˵˼䡣ůһ£漴ųͷūһΪ״£ͰĵҵĺϢɡ
֪˰ٲǮԱߵױ̨һҶӣȻѽҶů
ůǮӳʱ˻еԺ״̬֮ǰ;ù˺ܶ࣬Ȼʲô鿴̣ǹȴǲŲҵġ
ոĻʱȻĺŵˣȴûж⡣Դӹͷжů֪һᱨֻ֮ڵȴʱ
Ǹʱ˵ʱ


 19 

˵ʲô˵һ飿һŭݵĵǰŵŮŮŵöһ¡
Ůߵģи£ɷЩ˵ġԴʮ֮ԺŮһͿʼ
ƲǵĳԸСС;ͳŮɫⷽɹܵĺϡ
ҲǸгϢģͺͳҴﶨףһųҴδޣ࿴ŮһۡҲˣʮ߰껹ûһͨ檡
СĵĿһۣһĻش𣺡ˣ֡ȥҶˡ
Ļ֮úð˵һ仰Ƿ˲ɣ
ʥ費˥ĹãòȻǰɫʱҲǸˡȻͲСˣΪЩĺܺãʮƯ
ϵСĵĶһ̧־ֱӰѲˮˤ˵ϣʱŵһӵ˹һأϵҲһ
һǸƢõˣƽ˵Ҳϸģǻǵһμ
ϵˣҲȫСӣҪ־͹ǸҶү飬϶ǲ޸үˣʱүĻ£һ
үָڣںСʱϵϲƺֱϰҲûиĵ
ĻƯһ˲Ť
ƾǰڻ䲻ϣҪǵһУƾ檶䡣
öͷһʹҪͳ۶ʱһҲ϶ԷġϧǸģϸֻȥˡ
ֻһ棬֪Ǹ˼֡Ժļ޸ڣҲֳ۶ӡ
Ȼû뵽ǣոճ£ͰͲøƲϵƵǣԷһֺ̣ҪƲϵҪǣ塣
Ҳ˰뱲ˣʲô޳ܵûǱ۸ĵˡ
ū˵үĻΣ֪үǸ˾ӣʹʲô˵ֶΡūġƼˣСϹʼʩ
ɫһһףȻҲ뵽ԣæһԵŮ죬죬ȥѹһǲԸ˵ͻȻˣһһһ
ܣܳϵԺӣһˤ
һˤһߵСˣˣǷѾĻҪ޸Ҿϼ޹
ȥ׼Ҫ̸ھٰ飡һηҪ޹
Ǹг𣬻ҵİڣҪҵ

ȵҵɵʱһŵĴһҿջ߳ӭײһĸ£æеĻҵ£ô
·ɿɨԼҹһۣԼҹӳɫеңϵ·ɾಢ޲ף͵͵һ
ĶһŲĻش𣺡ӣ˸ոе㲻ūŹТ˳ر߹һ
ȷʵǸʮТ˳ˣԶʱ֮ǰ£һк¸һ߿첽Ҹϡ
뿪֮һСкӿջ˳֮һԵСȥһܻһĴȻͺСȴʮֵĽСġС۸ӣСкӰܿʧˡ

ůһγȥ£һȥʱ䡣ŷѩʱ򣬳ʰĶůһԼɻʱҲϵƣˣæǰҪʰ
ˣʾһϢȫûůæ˼
үȻԳôãڳԴöϵûпʰʱͷʵСʲġ
һ߰һŽκУһĵʵôˣ
ůæѾˡ
͵Ŀůһۣ֪ů±ȽϿס
ůյ͵е㲻˼Цһ¡뵽Լҹİţ̲סɻȻץסôһѱΪʲôھͰͱȥ
ʰĶһ٣̲סůЦھͱȥĻۺڵĻ¿϶ͻˣҹﻹô޸ɾ
ů㶵Ŀһʱ֮û׳˼״ҲԼļƻ˵ů
ů̲֮סһŵĿų·ʶƵġ
ůǣǣϲӣҲûбҪΪ˼޸ίԼΪԼ
գգĿðʣί
ůæĵͷ޸ӣѵǺί
Ȳ˵ϲϲ˵ڵĴɣҹǼ޹ȥǡǾֻиܿķˡ
ůҪȰ䣬ʹһּҵĽŲųߵӾʹ˽
ӵǲԽ﷿ģůûûСӣҪںǳԷ֪˵ӴŴūǰԺ˵˵ʮžҪ޸λˡ
ůԶһȳѯӣǱůʹѯʵôǵĻ²ǻأôʱ£
Ӳ˲ͷϵĺ˵ּҶΪӳϲԲǰ˰˴顣ֶ֪ͨǵʱ̬쳣ǿӲүʹˡ
ʱǳӣҲ⣬ԭӦùŻٰĴ飬һǰ˽߰ʱ䣬ɲɵĸļ
ںԭֻҪۼ޹ȥˡ                        
ףҪˣҪˣ

 20 

ҿνҳһţܳĵŮļ񣬻˸мײ˳۵Ĵ飬͸ûǵ顣
ȻҶϵľٶʮֲǰƴ󣬳۱ͺлԼ߾βԸ⣬Ҳֻܱȿʼⳡ¡
ܲܵʱˣǸӰɣǳֳЦ
ԭϻе㵣ĳΪѹǵѳеԺϲŷֳƺܺá
Ϲϵ㲻ǰĸŮǲ׽
޵¸ϣһϸϹģ֪ϵԸ񣬿϶ͬ޸ڡ
Ĵҹ㣬֪ءȻҲΪǵ£ļ޸ү
֪˳Ĵ㣬һֳ֧˵ֹ
Ϊ˼޸ڣ˵ǷѾĻʱһֱĵģĸڳ⣬û취޸ˡǾû취һʧֵġ
ĸףҲû취ϸҡ

ǰһ죬۵ԺʱʱһһԺӵ˶˵һͷĬæµţʱǵǡ
۵Ŀֻŷ֪һ˵һֱǸİʱѹֵĿʱв˶̲סͬ
ͫŷﴫĿһĶʱžһֱģһ뵽Ҫ޸һһϢˣͫͺ޲ô޹ȥܿࡣ
ͫţ۾ʱ̲סһɿܵ﷿ǰȻ󹧹Ķ˵ū뵽һ⡭
ԭһᣬһŷô죿ͻȻͫ洫ƳһԱվŵŷȥ
ͫ󣬱æڳ۵Ľű߹ˡۼ״͵͵ĳҭͫ
ͫԼҹ㲵ӣ֪ԼҹίæųСĵ£ͰԼ뷨˳ۡ
ͫĻ̲סһֵ˵ҪҼ޹ȥôԣһŮ޹ȥ֪ˣһֱӴġ
ͫһŮ޹ȥϲֱӴͫóڡʱϳ׼ŭֱӸͱȥҺͳԺͳˡ
ͫūūһϧǹһò˫ȫӦ޸ǡ
ҡͷУҲܺ㣬Ҳܡ
˵űѹֵĿȻſžͫһţʱͿ޵ĸγϵġ
һԵŷĮĿһۣȻ΢΢ҡҡͷ˼ͫİ취á
Ҫһ޵Ļõİ취ôϾ⣬ôǾҲٽ
ͫһŮޣʱ򲻽ϻʵ˶Ļպ󣬶ֹӵĴ޽ּңԺҲֳˡ
ҧҧΪŮδһξᱻүҲҪһˡ

˯ʱ򣬳ڴһֱ㷲ġӶʱ˸ָĻ档
ʱʹųȥүˡůһλ˲ٵǮͨүԺһСˣȷȷʵҪ۳޵¡
ǾˣǷȥ˯ţҲܿƵܰ롣
һ̲סӴ
Ϊ岻õԭһͻᵽůůůﻹһů¯̿裬ůյůġ
ʱֻһյƵ͵ƣɢһͷϣӽӿռ﷭һµĺӡ
װǴڳı»֮͸ڣҲ֪᲻Ὺģ
ţ̲סִ˺ӡѾеƾˣﲼҲɢһùζ
̲ס΢΢ü㱧źȥ˽ӿռ䡣ԴӴ֮󣬵ڶνӿռˡ
ӿռļ紺ҹĿҲʮʡһ̲סʵһ
ӿռ䲻ֻܴһľ¥һƬԼĶصĺĻĵطһƬããġ
ӵռʱֱһƬĻֻҪʱͻһˡ
˽ʮ꣬һѾΪɫԻĵز
ƿǰľţ۵ıһСɵԺӡԺֻжʮƽСһž޴֮⣬ֻһſͺʵΡ
ûԺͣ㱧źֱӽľ¥һȥͿʼ䵹һµľУѡһɫƵĺӡ
ڳǸʵһѿԱ任̬䵶˵˵࣬᲻ɴݣԱ仯ֲ̬ͬ
ŵϾ¸ŵĻƣֻСĵϵıʯͰѱŽµĺУԼСĻء
ʰ»֮֮󣬳ȥ˺ԺֱȪķȥ
ԭúϢȵ첻ʱ𴲣ȻٷȪˮнⶾ
ǳôҲ˯ţŲھͰϵĶˡҲʡƣû취Ӧֵܳͻ״
ԺҪǰԺܶ࣬Χ˸ָ֥ɲݣԺʯһһ׸ȪۣǳȪˮˡ
첽Ȫȥſ̨ϿˮԼʵڵѾ˺ܶ࣬ȻܿǵĺڰߣѾ֮ǰǰªˡ
һȪˮȣһ֮ǰڵΣƺûʲôӦ
һμڵʱϴһɴڿҲ֡ǵڶأڶŮװȥʱʲôҲûдҲû¶κξȵı顣
ڲЩûϸ
뵽һʱٸнҲ֪Ǹø˻ѹ
ܿͿˣڸҲϤ᲻ҲûʲôġšԺ϶ܰϲͬһһ
ţ̲סһɵЦҪȥһԵҩʱһĵʹʱӵȫûվȵӶʱһ͵ˡ
лΪͶӪҺСʹǱʸ?
л6ƿлѡjanmuŮ 2ƿлӨ1ƿ

 21 

ʱٴʱڵһҲ붯Ϊʱȫ۵һ˺ѷεʹ޲ֱٻȥˡ
û뵽ԼѾȹȪˮˣ۵ȥġ
ڵϻ˺һһŶ߶µĴӵȻͷˣɢһĶζ
һԼ֣ճһںĶæҡҡλεĽľ¥ҪϽϵණϴȻҪζˡ
ڳˮػϴβŰϳϴɾ
ɴߵؾǰžӵŮһ˲еز
Сĵǰ˴գɫŮҲ˶ŮʤѩʱӤҪϸ壬˿ɢŹâһ
ԭҵ
˵еЦԼģȴǵһοԼò
һ֮ǰòȻָ߰˷֣Ϊûгɾϻвٵ覴áֱûпԼģ
ʱžŮͻȻһֻȻĸоֲﲻϧһдҪֲһɻô񣬹ֲǸʱҪԭǵĻ
̲סͷЦһŮҲЦ绨
תױ̨ȥȻǳƯŮò󣬵ڻ¶ǰʱ
ľ¥ĺܶණǳһð졣ľӡױ̨ΰʵȡ
ӵнӿռʱľ¥İ̫ˣ֪֮оŪ˲ٶ
Щ׬ǮԼǮһһõġϲռƯСҲϲʱװԼļңö֮ռ㱻õĻȻһ¡
ﻹ˲ٻױƷļõͬղǵļڸҪκεĻױƷ
֮ǰ֮ЩΪǸ磬ҪһǸĻױƷ뻯ױ
ɷܿҳһֻˮ߱Ȼ߱ͿͿһܿһƯϱĺڰߡ
Ȼˣڵסڵòԥһ£óһԵĻױԼͿͿĨĨ죬ĶžЦЦ
ȵŪЩ֮·˽ӿռ䡣
ʱʱҪһʱ䡣ɻ˴ϣϽϢһ
һ˲ٵȻʱʹΪƣǺܿ˯ˡ

ٴʱǱԺĳѵġһ˯òãһЦõΡ
ǧ޸ڣԲʱڿű֮һİϳ·
ŵ˼ǣڲϲĳֻϲǸ
գɷ۾ڴ˰ΣŲ鲻Ը
ʱһֱŵڷ
ԭΪֵ̬ȣʮֵм᲻Сĳ⡣Ŀ޺ͻȻôʱ֮
ůůõʲôǶĴϲ֮գ㲻úõİ£ʱĽԷʲô
ߵŷůʲô̬ȣһ˵ģĵӣ
ŷ˵ţʾļŮů
ůŭƿһŮһҲҪסůӡߵļŮ״ʱǰʼ˴ů
ůһ˸ǵĶ֣ĽԷ˼״ŵòᣬһͷԵĲǰæ
֮ǰůͲжģһֱȰųϽǶˡΪ֪ԼҪߣȻ֪һҲ⡣
ԽǲģԽǼ޵ס
ڣһĹ˸ֵ֡ͷѪֵǱִˣ󱻳ɹϡΣ»ûгأǱ߾ͻˡ
ůϰһ⣬ֱҲץ˼˿ڣܿ㱻˵ϡ
һӼůϷҪ̧ٸůŽʱһӰӷ˳һƿǸӡ
ǳ۵ԸǸصġƽ۶ÿһʱ׼ûʲôġ
ոǴû¶κһ⣬ڵһץס˳
Ĳˤʹüͷװģʹһ
Է⸱ģʮֶӵĶԳūǷүشȥһˡ
ůҪ˵ͱһŮס͡һǵĿųȻ֪ⶼԼҹõģĳԿͷ
ɨһůϵˣĬĬＸּһʡ
һֱû˵ͻȻߵǰһס˳°͡ĶʮֵĴ³ų°͵Ҳ˴ָ׶ҪݽƤˡ
ʶһ㶣뵽ԼҪݵĽɫɫڲĺϣңҪףҪĸſңſң
һ̧־Ҫһ⡣ת뵽˻Ҫæʾ˰ѳߡ
ųůĽԷĽԷǼ״ʱѹͷӶ
ô£첻ǶץҪʲô
⻰Цһ£ȻָǸ˵˵汿Ҫ޵˭
̵ӣ
ģ԰λӡӲһ˵ӻˡӵĽ֮ԱŶ޹ȥΪöӳϲġ
˻һĲ⣬ǸǴʲôϵ
ִ̧Դһ£һɸֵ˵汿϶ǲԸ޹ȥˣǹô޹ȥ
ĵĻ䣬ĽԷͻȻһǻûдĵĻعһΪĽԷŲѡ
ô£ôˣ
԰԰ôˣΪʲôҪǣûзʲô
ԱԺԺıˣʱһĺˡˣˡ
ԼԴһֱԼ˴ײܳ裬ǰա
ԭŶ۸˵ͰҪˡȴ˴ӣٺٻ飬ҲҪˡ
ˣЩôкùӳԣ

һ´飬֮ŮҪɱķ+

 22 

ųůֱӽ˳۵ԺױǰžԼҰѪɫһֱŵһˡ
žԼЦһЦΪΧȫˣջŬ
һŵĳۣװȻĺǣǺôĵӣǴҴ޹ȥ
ų۵ͫе飬뵽ǰӣһֱ׳˵ƾªԺҲǼ޲ȥǼҶ޸ڣ˵⸱òݵڵǰ䡣
⻰һֹһΣǸʱֻҪһξͻըһΣÿһμ޲˺˶Է͡
Ȼ⻰ֻԼĶеȵģ̲סͬǵȻˣ˭ڣ
Χ˲֪ʲôǵĻƻᱻ
ŷӣΪͫĻɵˣ㿪յȰﻹʵȽϺã´үǱѾͬˡĿ̫̫̫̫ҲΪүִġҴ㲻ΪԼǣҲΪ˿һ°㲻ԸϣͲ·ԺӲù𣿡
ŷģ˵Ļȴ˱ǰǸŷĶ֡
ǰϹϵ׽ǰŷԲ˵ǿϹϵͣԲʱϡ
ǹĸף֮һҼڣҲһЩ鷳
Ȼŷ˵Щ֮󣬳һ뵽ʲôһ˫۾ʱ˷ŭ
һԵ״ͼӻֻҪԹ۶޹ȥұ֤κ˸Ҵŷ徻
ƺûͻȻѹůǰˣѾͷǸֳκ۶ӣҾֱӰͷ͸㡣
Цһ£ȴһҵӡһӣæкһԵŮʼױ
ϵױݺأڲסĺڰߡױһŮһױһ̲סԹҪôסҶˡ
ҲûκηӦһڵӡӿڱĪ˼ֿ
ǶǸ˵ģοһҲұϣΪ˴򱧲ƽ
ȵòױϷļʱɫѾˣҲʼæµ
ڳױϵһʱ򣬳۾ͱˡæµļŮֻһӿͫˡ
ͫŮϺͷǺͷ׸סͫĪľеֵֹġ
Ϊͳ۹ϵܲã־ʱʱ۸ۣͫʮֲϲǰÿμԺˣ̲ס䳰ȷһ
ų۳ޣΪԼôġڵȴֵֹģûΪﵹùģһ˲ŷ̫ˡ
ͫԼìܵŪʮַ꣬Ϊ˲ԼȥĿӳӰƿȻһ㶳Ŀ˴⡣
ⲻ֪ʱСѩǵѩƮƮ£һ֦ͷ
ŷױҲ֪ǲΪԭ׼ļױ쳣񡣾һֱû¶ĳүصС˲ٺöЩүԼ˽ı
ͫЩٶΣ޸һˣһҲزסôױ
ڸϺͷ֮󣬱ǻһһʱЦһ£Ҫ㹻ãƶҪ̲סЦˡ
һ˵úأӭ׵ʱڵߵܴ͵ġǰõʱڶϵġǸʱڻ֪Լӱ˵˰õʱҲġ
ԭΪһɲӭסϾһ˼ʱڵ״ɺܲá
Ȼϲųȥ˴߳ǰʱҲ֪ΪͻȻ۾һᣬûסͿ
ͲʲôǿԸҪǾô飬Ҳǿӡ
ʱ˾ǰֻ֮һ֮ңҲ̲ס
ϲΪǷˣæһץס˳ϵЦҲһ˲ĽӲ
Ǹϰ֮ˣ۾һͨ˶ϲеֵĶĿ̲סɨһ£Ȼһ۾Ϳ˲Ծ
뵽֮ǰֿ˿һ鵭Ȼ֮ͫǰ֪ǳ۵ĸףҲ֪ͫǳ۵Ѿߡ
һģֻܶҪһ㣬ת˲ͨ
ͨһ˲䣬īһĺܿƵѻһĽëȻĶ˶Ȼһ֮ǰ쳣Į̬ȣתα㳯ųȥ
ϲﵣĳֵңųĺҪݺȥȻʱһ˫ĴͻȻһûעһˤ˵ϡ
ﵣĳĸϲһų
˿ϲˤһ£̷֮Ӧһ˸Ͻȥˣһ˵黰һҪȥӡ
һץųС֣һַųյĺϸ֫ų㿪ϲ֣Ψһ¶˫۱ɨ˶ԷһۣʱŵǸϲ̲סӡ
Ȼ
Ȼڶ˵ˣʮֲϹأһԵҲûһ˵Եġ
״ֻڸϽѳߣֻҪֳʲôѿ֮кܶ෨Բ
һߵĳоԼΣֱڴֲڵĴţÿ̧ǰһ޻ϡмΪ̫ţһСĲȵԼȹӣһֱε֣ûеڳ
֮һµľżʲôʲôûһ˿һĲԸɵʮۡ
ڲ׳ҷʲôҲ֪СѾͷʲô֪СѾͷ϶ίˡҲԼΪʲôô϶ûп֪СѾͷί
ڳʱ֪˻ˣ֪ڵʱ䣬Ϊ˻ܾ䳰ȷ
ͳ۶ʱΪ֪ð͵͵ȥһۡ
ʱͲжˣ֮㿪ʼҽҩϧûҵҩΪе鱻ٻء
ھеʱųдŰѳж¸ϡϧŻûüͳȥΪ񱱵ˡ
ھûʱˣǶʱ䱻޼ͷΪǰϲڳһܹġ˶ܿ˶Ϊδ϶Ҳܿ
ǣȻ߹˳ĵλڿªò֮󣬵һӦǸеɻ֣Ǻԥľ͸˻顣
ɰƵ˼ϣеĽϲڽ£ΪֳЦ
Ϊ֪Уٴμʱʮ򶨵ĿŮװﶼû¶һ˿ǵıίСѾͷѹ
ԭСѾͷǣ̫ֻŰҵҩ֮󣬾ͳ׸һϵ
ϧˣûǣҲʲô̫ƽ˼ҡ⺢ӣҲǸע˶֮ˡ
ˣˣȻԵֳ֣˽ᷢޣԺһŬػ

ӭ׵Ķ鴵ڵĸۡȥڶǰͷһ·һ·ͣϲǮǹ
ԭв˸׮£ֵҲҪڵЦ
ȻǿƺƵӭ׶飬ӭ׶߹ĵطϲǮȺǷȻʮֲִ٣ǲò˵ϺǮ
˵ͷϲǮʱһɢһͷ忡꣬һ·˷һ׷ǰĶܡʮֺÿ´ʱ¹ڲӣʮֵۡ
ƺҪ׷ǰĻΣϧԵϲҲϲǮκ汻һȺΧţû취ΰ֡
ʱԭСѩԽԽѩ׷ķţһʺӭ׶γĶԱȡ
꿴Żֵˣ̲סſںһ
ϧΧ˲䱻ûˡ


 23 

Լںһɻתͷ˴ڡСĵƿұЯѩͻȻϲΡæְסͷϵĺͷ͸ʵһƬɫ濴ȥ
ϧֻһƬͷܶԼѩ֪ǲڽ
˼ۣûпʲô֮ˣ¶ֱӡ
Цһ£ڵóԸˡ

ԭվȺ⿴֣ڵʵͦӵġһ뵽ǰ¶ӣȻ޸С˾ˣɵĪӦĻš
Ҳ֪ΪԼӦΪС˾˸еӦָоں
۸ӦǲϲС˾˵ģǡȻϲС˾ˣΪμͷҲҪ޸С˾ˣ
ѵͬĸ˵ϵϲĶС˾ˣС˾Ȩ
뵽һ㼦ƤƵҪתߵʱͻȻһڶ

ɵͫ׶ʱܿƵһæתͷѭȥͿһеϤķ꣬ͬһǰ
ɲ֪뵽ʲôȻƿǰСˣɿļȺȥ׷ꡣ
ϧΧʵ̫ˣɸû׷ǸײײӰͲˡ
ò׷ĸ¼ΪǵĳҵĳϾڳ֮ǰɾͺͳߵĺܽ˿Ͷϵӡ
СȰοӣҲҪ̫ˡ⸱ӣó֪ˣ϶ĵġ
ɣոûں
һ£е㲻Լҹʲô˼Ҫ˵ʲôʱһͨʲôͻȻĳӭ׶ķ׷ȥ
ò״ȺС˼״ʱһѽӣôˣ
Ҳ֪ôˣʶĿڵǲóɣϾ֮ǰ֮ǰǵĹϵƺܲӡ
СˣأǶүˣҪҪ֪ˣҪӵȵġǡǻǸϽסӰɣ
ʱ뵽ԣæС׷ɵıӰȥ
Ҳһ·ӭ׶ӣмֳʲô۶ȴû뵽ţȴײ˸ոһĻ
뵽ʧǵӣ֮ǰһĴԣǱ͸һΪΪء֮һ˼ˣʱתȥˡ
֮ǰǻʮֵģİѳƳȥ֮һɲԸԳ۸֮ǰĴɾˡ
˵ĻʱϲԽİϢ˳ۡĻһֱ㷲ŷ
֮ǰһѣԭ췹ɵԸ϶
ȻƻĺúõģȴûкǱƣȻҲ˳۵ӣǳ뵽ɵʱ𾪵ı飬һֱʮֵ֮᲻ˡ
ĻҲɶԺ϶Լ޸ɵġ

ڳۺĻϲʱһߵĳںڰáڱͽʱ̲ס͵͵ԼһѣڵһжһΡ
ǰһԵļϲŮʱ
ǶǱߵˣ֪ͷ˲ǶȻͶмƣױʱŨױںصױڲһܿʲôΪ˿£ʱ̲סĽš
ڵĶرãҵ֪Щ˶ںʲô
ȴװ֪һϲʾƿĸͷһĿ⵭ɨһۡ
˵ʵ⿴ӵʹĻ濴ǳǳۡҪ֮ǰǣСѾͷС֣˫޹ǵӡ̣û취ӶԷĵ۵Ͽߡ
ʵһʱڵһҲûпʲôҲܹ׾ҪǹŴױĺˣҪǳСﳤģҲû취ֽʬһױݡ
˵ŴҲеױһġһͿŨױǰһڣƶܿһ
뵽ʱ̲סĵĹ˹޵ǣһ˫ĿСƵĽë²ͣתš
һϲʱŪסڣ̾뵽ｻһ£æһԵϲƵݵǰһЦǺǵ˵żһҪȺȽơ
һ֣һֱͷ͵õ͵͵ĳ˶۾ΪһƣűƵھͺòԲ˷
һ뵽һԲʱϼ˿ڶѿˣĵһӦ
̫˽ڵĳƢˣûСơһε飬ѭ浸صԸҪһĺѡ
ԡһƣڱˡ
С̧Ҫ͵һϲľʱСʱڵĺײš
ڵĺڵˣ޵׵ĺڶһ˵ʱĪĴһѹñעŵĻҵġ
һһӦǸϽȴ̲ס͵͵ŲŲ
ڲû̫ķӦҪ̧ȥϲľƱСֿҪƱʱһֱûжͻȻ˸ǰ
һӵڵȳӦʲô£ͼһɨǰľƱȻɭȻĵǳǺôĵӣ浱ɵӲɣ
ϲŮԶʱɵˣһֵĹڵĽűߣһɸһڵϡȻ֪ᱻ֣ȴû뵽ڻֵᷢô죿
һֱſڵ޵ˣĶʱ̳˽
ɨһ۹һӵˣе㲻ʣϴôˣ
ҲһСҰ׵̧ͷˡϧ˴ʱϻߣֻܿ°͡
ڸҪ齣ǰϲͻȻоɪһ£齣Ķʱ˸СѾͷͷ
оûԼڻŷСĵĿؿڣе㺦Լѹڵ˿ڡ
ڿŻСèһСѾͷԼС֣ࡣ
뵽СѾͷڵ״СѾͷᱻľٶŵֻסԼֵĴ֡
ת뵽СѾͷ뵽ǾȻ¶һ˫Ӷʱ
ڣȫץҳˣ
ԭûлعļˣ仰˲䣬һɫҰ׵Ŀʼġ
ϲ򡭡ӣǶǱƲѵġ
үүǰɣֻ˶ѡ
㣬ǰɡ

ڻǺϲ£ǵûжݣɫ
ҴȥúõĹ
Ȼû˹λֵ»вºͼ͡Ҳûжʣ̶סǵȥ
ȵް˶ȥס֫СѾͷһԼ
ڿŻе㺦µСѾͷ̲סĺһ֮ǰʱǺܴ𣬻ŮװȺôȴСһɪɪ
ҪڰοʱͿСѾͷﻶЦ
ڿЦϵķ۶ˣߺ̲ס˳顣
ðɣջ֮ǰĻǸСѾͷ


 24 

һ뵽Լڼ޸ڣһһ̲סЦ
ڿСѾͷŵӣȻᵹȥæһַסӣһεĿڵ㲻ѹί
ż޸һˣһǻݵˡ
죬̲סʵˡΪ˼޸νѾĻôίأ˵ڣڻǸĻŮˡ
˵ĺѹί
ﲹҾΪ˼޸㣬ŴǸġ
ڵĺ˶ȴû̿ڡ
Ϊţæſֵ㲻ң˵ĶģĲίҾøһܺãаȫС
û˵ǲСѾͷĻǿСѾͷģԲһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
֮ǰ޸˵˵СѾͷϲʱﻹе㲻šϾСѾͷҲûм棬СѾͷ֮ԻôãӦϳСʱҵǸؤ
ȻʮɻôϳģСѾͷϲ
Ȼ˿СѾͷ쳣С֪ΪʲôͻȻáţȷʵϲӡ
ţĪеŻŵġϾǵͲеܾպСһ
ΪĲȻſڳ⣬ôϳҵģ
Цһ£ʵأôϳҵģҵʱҲɴء
ڲ˼СѾͷ˵ʵһֱ͵͵עϾ֮ǰɵδޡ֪ԼһֱעСѾͷƻΪͲˡ
ڳһ£Ϊ۾ر𡣡
˵⻰ͺˣΪСѾͷ۾ʱһüͷҪʲôСѾͷθ۾Ҳرһ۾ϳˡ
û˵ǣ֮ϳҪ̫Ϥˡ˾ס˫ۣҲͨκ;ٶϳ
ȻһֻޣǸʱĳܺڣֻҪһھ;߶Ƚţ˶ڵһһʮֹע
Ǹʱϲһ𣬲֪֮УϤоͿ˹ʱô꣬һμڵʱ򣬻һӾϳ
ʱܺãһ˫鶯ĿգţÿľҹǳԭҪڵƣĿͻȻƳ˵ϵľƱ۵׶ʱһĨʧ֮ɫ
Ͳһͺȵˡ
ڲСѾͷߣеЦü壬Ⱦƣ
һȣҪʲôưȷϵĽơ
ڿһʮֲĴڻһܵһȥþƺҲ֪ϲǰ˾ƺ˾Ʊ
˾ƺˣƭںȥǾƱǡͰڸһҪѷԲˡ
ڿСѾͷӰ֪ΪͻȻñһīһһĨɻѵСѾͷ֪Ʊֽţ
Ҫó¾ƺʱͻȻһ̶ĳ
ȻڵĴ飬ⳡ°ʮֲִ٣ǱŸϲĿģԸûдϯ
ֳһûõķǰЩνĺһΨֱ֮ʱ򲻿Ųǡ
üͷʵڳʲô
һƴԭҪȥ̻ش𣺡ϴ󣬺ֹˣھ͹ȥ
һƴ겻ʮ꣬ڵʱĴӴܡǷһƨɵĶծһƴʮֺÿ͸Ⱥõĵͯ
һƴﶼˣȶɩ쿴˳ۡһƴ֪£㴧ͷҹˡ
Ȼʱ̫СˣȻӸ˳ȥȴһȺĻӵ
һƴȺ˲ٿ࣬ƶҪܡδӳʱǳ˵˳ִڡ
ڵʱССʮֿͶ֮ģֳǵİׯ
ʮ꣬ѧҲѧ꣬书ȴǰׯõġ
Ϊѧ츳һ³Կ಻ۣΪѧ¿ƴˡҲΪƴ˳һƴ֡
һƴմڵԺͿɴżߡΪݱȽ⣬Χûһȥ
һƴ״һüͷѿɫСôˣү»֮ϲ𣿡
ԣ˫۶ʱһƴ
һƴɲ˵СĲɣүûаϲ磬û취дСˡ
׷ɹĸԣ̲ʣһƴΪү㣬ͿðǹӣүҲס㡣
һƴЦһȫѸµв£һЦĿǡ
СӣүϲӣһҲˣǲүˣ
ɿ˵ͻȻһ÷ǳ㣬һ˫ü续ɢһͷӣէ֮¸һƯСƵġ
һƴæǰס꣬һõλӣլ
ǹȴҰ׵һĨСҪְѳһƴƿڻûаѳһƴƿһСˤ˵ϡ
λС磬鷳һãмҪǼӡ
ʱ޼ˣҪɰ·סҲ·ϵôá
һƴĮˡѴ
ڵĴϲ֮գȻⳡ°Ĳ¡أǲ˿š
ɿûƯƢһƴһĵԺſڣγ彣ͳųһƴȥ
һƴɲɵɵ̣һĽʣĽʱʣһӵסɴһ
û뵽һƴҸɶ֣̲ĺһƴ𣿾ҶԹӶ֣
ڴʱڷȰСѾͷҪȾƣһСѾͷС֣һָ߸ߵľľƺ
Ϊľƺ˲֪˽ڻȫעھƺϣһСײڽʵϣʱ̲סһ۵
ۣΪϵˡСѾͷһײ˿ٴѿˡ
ΪСʱ˶ҩСͿյѾʮˣƵģҪܶࡣ
ոû̫ע⣬һСײСٸʱ۵һС˰ӡ
ڱһҲ˲ϻˣæվߡ
һСĵİѳڴϣһߵǵʵﲻ͸Ҵȥ
æҡҡͷɲȥʲô򡣡û£Ǹոײһ£Ѿˡ
ڼӣȴĻҪתȥҴͱСѾͷץסˡ
ʱҲԲˣΪڸոյһ˲䣬ʶһǳϾ⡣
VǶ֧Ұ
˳һԤġŰĿƾ
лǧԼ̳ԽˣɹŰŮ˫̥ܵܣųһ¾ӻ·ϡ
СڻǼж磬һŮľ֧ݻһͥŮһŰŰŰĿˡ
лǧʱһȺŮΪðѩĴҽ׵ŮΪͷĵͷѪ
лǧһȺϵСС뵽һҵĽ֣̲ס̾һ
һ˻ôأֻܿƶļˡ

 25 

⸱С, ڵƻǸӣͻȻ֮ûġ
˵ŮΪü, ԭԼһչָڵġõ, ʵȴǲпģǰӹˡ
ΪѲпʵ, ֮Ҳһֱܵ䡣
ڲ̫СѾͷʱʱ, ڰһСѾͷ, ȥô£
ĳףʱӦͲŶԡϧǵĻ°òִ, Ҳ̫ҡ, ۡ˴ĵϲ, ʵʮֵ塣
γʱ, ŷѩԽԽˣ֪֮ѾǰããһƬ
һ˼ڳˣæǰҪ, ȴָֹ̧ˡȻڵ壬ǼھܾˣҲҼǰ
ů·ȣĺ紵Ƥۡڳо, ʲôӵ, һ㺮˵ʲô
뵽СѾͷ˴죬϶ûгһ㶫Ժȥ, ׼Եġ
˵꣬תԺȥܿԺ򶷵ˣͷڴˡһڵӰæ첽ӭȥ
½үóһƴסְһ˵Сӡ
ȸµĻ˵꣬һͻȻ
ڣ֪Ȣ˭
ɫһ䣬㿴һݵӰǰü续ī´˿Ǳɲһ˿ɡ
ڣǣ
궢ڣһһٵƼңƾϧ
üƼңǾСѾͷһҡ
Ƽһֻλӣ˶֮꣬Ѿ̳˼ļҵ㲻ʮ㣬ǸԸйоصˡ
ƼҶǸȳӣΪȼԭ򣬳ӼǸԸꡣ
Ƽ˵Ƕĺӣ״ӱˣǸڵĶˡ
ڿǰƾϧʮ߰꣬ӦþСѾͷˡ
ڴƾϧʱƾϧҲܻĴڡ
ڴһ޵ϲ֮£ֻ¶һ˫īһӡ
Ϊϰԭһ˫޳ָֿ仹һӡ
ƾϧһŪī׿ԽһǽѪȾɳȫˡ
һߵѾ˽ֻǿƾϧ˵һ߰ĽݸСˣһɫĿڵС˾ˣҪȢ𣿡
֣һֱûʲô˫ʱһĨ⡣еЦתɣκ˶ʸΨûʸ
۵׵ĲãȻе㺦£̲סӲͷƤС˾ˣûлشĻ
Цһ벻ǣƺ޹ء
ɫһףҲ֪Լûʸ񣬵ʮ⡣
֮ǰɺòץסƾϧŴƾϧĿе֪Ŵۼ޸ڡ
ʱɾ;ûжĵӲŸ
Ǻƾϧִլɿ״ƾϧĲĸһˡ
ɱΪ֮ڻԥķϡȻ˿̿ϵľ˾ˣͻȻƺִʲô
ңۣһǺôĵӣ
һ˿Ҫܲ˵ֱӴԺȴðָϥǣһϥѩ
¼״һһ߿첽׷ȥһ߾ӣӣû°ɣ
ĻӿҪĸ£еǱĴӵվҪԺߣһγһƴѾ첽ſڡ
ƾϧɵıӰ۵һĨŪ֪˺αص̬Ǹ˭أ
ȣƾϧڡһ뵽֮ǰЩجΣЩģƾϧ̲סû䡣
ƼңϵĸҪ?٣Ϊ˲۸źˡ
ϵĸΪ˸ֻعеϣڶϡΪ̫ڳͷ̫ؿƾ٣ûܷӳʵûܰ塣
ϵĸ֮һ겻һ߾ϣһ˼ǳɼ֮һֱܲã͸ܳͷˡ
ϻ˳Ƽ˵ﲻʹ죬Ͻӵ˽̥һֱ˳
ԭƼһŮǳүԹˣƼֻĳ
֮ǰڽϵʱڼ࣬ҲΪĿӡ
ƼҰ齿ţͷ߰˸ԵڵһμʱСѾͷԸŻԡϧĳձ˸ݻˡ
СʱƾϧͳܺãÿһγСܵʱƾϧ͵͵İ
ͽˣȥƼң뼸ҲԶˡ
ԭƼүƾϧȢģϧ׾ıѩɰʮһͱּ˸ˡ
ƾϧڵ֪ʱʹһֳǡԭҪʳ벻޸ģ
Ȼûüڣú˵磬֪ѾˣֳּҵĹӡ
ƾϧĿСãðŵˡԸΣ
ΧתһȦϵĺһһεģе㲻˼˵˵ͦÿġһǾڳҶסɣȥ˵Σ
ƾϧʮۣͷ˳һЩ˿Сһ
ųֻ΢۾ӦţǸ㿴
ƾϧɣͬ˵Ǹɡ
ƾϧΪôĪ棬ȥԺʱ򾭳˵СʱΪ̽ɣаŮװ󡰹ɡ
Ȼƾϧò뵽ոնСδޣǾóøÿɰɵʱû̫
ҲΪûбɫԸҲϽ̵ĺܲƾϧŷĵ뿪ֳǡ֮˼˶ϣʼСõ롣
ƾϧԭΪܸҸôҲųȴû뵽⼸һҲáǸӰǿŵԸ񣬳ôͷҲ֪һ߿ࡣ
Ҫǰ֮ǰƾϧͻȻһجΣμּ˻ˣƻ֪
ƾϧһʼεʱ򣬲ûа鵱档ΪԼİǳˣһֳǡ
ֳǵһ·ϣÿͬجΡ龰һֱΧСãεСñ˶عһСԽԽ󡣶ĹùóڶԳүĳУһֱСõ鲻Ųʡ
εСñּҵףֳǲ෹Ц
εСñŴ۳ޣ޸һųªߵĲмˡ˰СùκˣԸͬ
ڽϣոϵֳǵʱμСñˣǸȴûߡ
ҹ·ŭģûмεˡ
ƾϧһôԼûã̫Ҳֹؼʱε

 26 

ƾϧ֪ȷʵ˻, ҶԷһߵ˺֪Լ֮ǰζ, ӦһԤ֪δ
ƾϧҪⳡ, ϧֻǸţҵ˸, ҪץסƾϧӦ죬ڲ֮ˡ
Ȼһ߶ܳҵ, һҪסӭ׵Ķ顣ȴû뵽ӭ׶һ·һ·ϲǮ, ֳǵİΪϲǮѻθΧסˣû취ӽΰ֡
ץס, ɵİٰ֮, ֻܰѳ޵¸˶Է
Ȼƾϧʮֲ, ΪСҲܲô, ֻʱͳһսߡ
ҲΪʲôһլԭ
Ϊƾϧ֪ǰΪں˳ڵʱ, Żô
ڲûн񣬶еô֪۳޵ģ
Ȼ޵£ⲻʲôʵ, Ӧòǰ鹫ȥġ, ô֪ģ( ? ?? ?)?
ƾϧڵıһ˫۾һĨ顣źۼĳ˳䣬ҪڸסĵĻ, ĵһƴλƹȥͷϢ
һƴӦһȻһĮƾϧǰһƵ߰ɣƹӡ
ƾϧ״һ·ֻһ·Ҫӿһƴ֣ȴΪǺһں÷ףڴ˼ձȾһĨΡ
ƾϧüһԹԼ塣Ŀڣʣڣǲ֪ȢˣҪҹǴ㽫ʹ𣿡
һƾϧĻʱһȵĿڣС˾ˣ˵֪ˣ
֪ұȳޣ֪޸
ɨһۣ¼״æǰסɵĸ첲СȰӣڲǸү۵ʱ򡭡
ȴǲƵıʵС˾ˣôشѵ֪ˣ
ƾϧСѾͷı磬ǽΨһĶӣŶ˰ٰáһӣڶʱ;ʧȥġ
ڣƹӴȥúÿ׼뿪벽
һƴԣҲƾϧԸԸ⣬ֱֱ̧ˡ
ųһƴƾϧߣſһۣ㣿ҲԸߣǾͱˡ
⻰˼ҪͣǴúýѵѵɡ
ʮֳ꣬ס˰ꡣǰҪѰʱ䶼Ϻɡ
Ͼ̫ˣԺˣڴɰꡣǰʱֻҪҪס£ÿɶ˺۵ġ
ȻԼҶӣҲ֪вëԲûڰ֡
ھɾ͸ӾС˾ˡÿһڻʱɶյǰС˾˿ﲻ˳Ҫѵ
Ҳ֪ڻ˼ͨһǰĵүүðģٲ£ūͰѹӴȥ
˵ţҪ뿪ȴǿĲߡ¼״﷢֪ǷţƢˣæʾС˻ȥҷˡ
ڼҲγǰԺȥɻͷԺһۣҧҧǰڡ

ʱĳһ㶫Ů׼ˮڳȥʱ䣬һˮ衣
ڵլӺܴҲ٣ȴûһŮС˿ӣϲ˷һֱûŮ
˶ģЩѾ޸ŮϴⲦġҪϿ㹻ܵͷˮ˶ûС
һ裬һ߰šůӹҪȥ򼸸˻
ϾߵĶǴˣ޹֮ǾͲԺˡլĺԺô󣬺ܶطҪɨûмĲ㡣
Щ鲻ΨһȽżıڵ塣Ҫڲڻɵ£ٵĸڵأ
һȪˮҲ֪ûзѽ̫ˣûƭȻ֪ڲẦȪıϣô֪
ڳԿյʱһ΢ĽŲ֪ŮˣæҲ˵ﲻҪ̣ȥ
Ůȴû˳ȥų۵ġڵ֪ҾȻ͵͵滻ǱߵϢ
ȻǱ߻ûиظΪҲ֪ʱǱ붢˳ʡĳֳʲô۶
۳ޣɼжô޹ӦҲǱ޵ġ
Ͼүڵ̫Σ˸˹֣ϵҪȫκҲѡ˼ҵĹﶼԸ޹ڱż˹Ҳѱ᲻Ҫߣ
ѾֳǵЦǲֳЦġΪߵˣȻҪάүϣԲóлܡ
֪Ůʲô֪ĻƻЦԷûģһ̲סüͷһԼõǷˮģϵЩڰ߻ûϴȻϢһᴫ
ȻԹϣҲϲϣ֪ڵӡ֪ˣǱɿ϶Ҳס
Գɵ˽⣬ǰǳ֮ˣ֪Ϣһ᲻ԸڡѱһҲΪۡ
ȻһֱһųʱδҪȵڵ峹׻ָ㹻ʱʱ
ŮŻϴ·һԣλֻܿ󱳣Ըı顣
ŮеĿųѩ׵ֱۣҲ֪ǲ۾⣬ܾó֬ļƺڷ⡣
͵͵Լ۾̲סСĵǰŲһҪȷԼǲۻˣŮǰ˴գͷֳ¶ˮϵֱ۸ҫˡ
ɲʲôƵ˵˵ʹ㰡
Ů˶һΪѵĹˣū澲ңūֻǵġ
Ļ˵꣬žͱ˴ƿˣһ
ȥ
ŮһڵʱҴһ񣬱һϻ̳Ͽֵ뿪ˡ
Ȼʧƣ˵Ǳԩģ˵Ѳк󸣣Щ˵Ŀɲð
ڿŮ뿪ıӰͣںص棬ȲȥҲȥ
״ߺһһҲŤͷ˿ʼС档
㶼֪ж֣һԸҵĻҲǸҷҪšϴҲಽţһգҾͻһ
ƺЦˣոսѵһ٣Ϻü˿ѿˡ
ԭҪҩе㵣СѾͷһ᲻Ầ£ܻһˡ
ʱСѾͷûкµӣһĽҩȥ鷿˿ڴһ¡
תһߴԡһ߽ʵҪȥ


 27 

ڣȥ鷿һ, ܿͻ
佫鷿һ衣һֻҪ, ͻ˵Ҫȥ鷿, ʵȥ鷿ﴦ˿ڡ
һô˵뵽ӭǱ, ϵ˿ڿ϶Сѿˡ
е㽹ԡرվãҪȥùһԵ·Ϊʪ, һûվͨһֵԡ
ˤȥ˲, һӦǺº;УȻͬһطˤΣ
һҲˤ, һȽ, ֻǲСĿĵֱۡһˤе, ĵֱ, ա
մˮðͷûü۵õӡ͸оǰĹͻȻһȻͱһ˫ֱ۴ˮ
ڿ˵˲, һ˫ʱһĨۡСѾͷģǸｿԸʱһۻˡ
ҲҶൢ󣬴Աɾ·ס, ȻͱСѾͷߡ
ȫ̶˵, Ҫ̫ˡͬһطΣζڿˣҲ֪ڻ᲻
Сĵİڴ, ҪȥҸŮľһ
æôˣ
·СĵĶ˶Ȼһֻ׵ֱںһһź޵ĴеεĿһĺʶ
ЩýĿ̵£ÿĺϰߡǺʱҲʱź轣ϸɲһʱĳԡ
ȻȪˮȪˮʡǺõϰߣǾбҪġڿ˲䣬һӦǰˣԼȥ
ڼ״һüͷЩϲ׼ģĳ˻ʲôáڿ˲䣬ʶҪ
Ȼ󡭡һ˲ˣĿ֣̲סſָҧһڡ
ڵĶ΢΢סĿСѾͷĴɨеҵĿϵĲˡ
ڶеĻŻңΪҪʲôʱͻȻز˲Ǽϵǿźڰߡ
ڿԼָϵĺɫ˼˰֮ԱһӣȻʼ
Ǹϰ֮ˣΪԼʮˣȴѳղúġ
ҲСûģǹԹԵ·
ڲŲţϵĶͻȻһ٣һ˫̲סһ¡
ȻһμСѾͷʱ֪СѾͷ϶Ǹˣֻǡû뵽ԭ˽ɵֻһ۾Ҳ͡
Ǵʱʪͷñ޵Ů˶һɹԡԼᶨ֮ˣʱ̲סӿ졣
ͻȻеףҵǸΪʲôҪˡֳȷʵǳΣգһ¶λȨصǰԿԽ˵ĳ谮һɳ졣
ڶСѾͷ΢ðβŵĶʲôʱģ
Ϊ˸СѾͷҽҩǶʱνɷѿġеĶǳѽ⣬ȻҲôҲûҵ
ҵ˽ⶾΪѾжܶ꣬Ҫ׸ҲҪѲʱ䡣
֮ǰСѾͷʱСѾͷϵĶԻûн⡣̶̼յĹٴμʱȻѾ˶
ɫ֪תķɿ죬϶ڻⶾ顣Լû취ŪסæӸһڡ
ԭͫ׶ʱһȻһȵĿǰСѾͷ
״æҵȽϺðɣ֮ǰڽһʿǵʿ˵һֶȻ͸һƿֵֹˮ˵ˮΰٲҲܽϵĶҵʱ˵Ļǻȥ֮ˮһֻèҲŷԭˮô档Ȼ󡭡ȻҰˮˡ
ںЦ֪ڸûĹʵҲڲţԼҪ಻ȥˡ
ڼСѾͷСģҲûҪ˼ʵʱԼµܡ
ڼԸ˵ҲʲôĻԵֻΪеˣԲ̰ͼĶ
ʱ˲ã˿ûеҪ۸һСѾͷķϡ
ڣҿϣˣ
ԣæԼ֣ѩһֱ۵ݸ
ɨһɢҵ·æɿĵʹѻһ۽ëȻְѳı
Ȼ˺ܶ̿裬ůġڱϾǶ죬СѾͷͷʪģһСˡ
ǸͿҩȻְͷСѾͷԺ˭ˣСȥ鷿
ʱ鷿һڹˣ̲סһ
һ£ޱ̰ϵϲȴɫϲˣ޾ͿڵѪеĵط˿ϡ
е۵ĿһۣԼȴû̫ķӦֻǵʹ֪ʲô
һ߷ɿĸҩһ̲סڵϴ̫ˣûаȻСӵ⡣
üͷʲô˼
ޱԼϲ˵£һһʮĸڡϲЩ棬һ׽ˣ֪һЩȽҪ飬аҪ޸һ㡣
ЦЦҲ֪ǱûǾúЦ
ժϵߣ¶һһħڹӣ˿ֲ
޾ǵٴο̲סܡ
뵽СѾͷžɫһںòͻȻ̲סڵлָĿ𣿡
һ£һӦûʲô˼Ǻܿ޾˵ʲô
һĿʼڵϵ˲Ǹոպð˵ĵطֻռ֮һ
˿ڹ۵ʱۣԸһʮǿҵķ
޿˰죬ԥĿڵǸ˿е֮ǰûмʱơ
ްѻ˵꣬ڱֱӴĻˣ֪ˡ
һʹеںԼѧղѧҽʱ㣬˵
ڼһεı飬еЦ˵ⲻ㣬ֻʡ
˵ţڱվæɾ·ϡ
ҲܴĵıңѲ鵽ȸҽ㣬ǸСӣʡһη˳˵ĵҿɲԺŮ˽Ҿ˾ˡ
ްڴ·Աϴ֪ˡ
鷿ʱµĲһ٣ˣҼȻСѾͷޣǱ߿϶кУ˸Ҷ˳Ǳߡ
֪޵ˣϴγĹ󣬱֪ϴһˡʱϴһһİţʵΪ˲СɩӳԿ¡
޿뿪ıӰԼʲô˵ܡ
ô죿Ҹ˷һ°
뵽ޱƺ«ĳһƴȥҳһƴˡ
˫ʮӴҪʼˡ

 28 

ʱ, һֱĵӡһһæµһ, һֱ˯˵ڶ硣
ʱ, һ۾ͿһϤӰΪԼСĿ, һ۾һ̲סů
ůԼҹ, æСߵǰһְ·, һЦŶԳˡ
ů˵ʲô, æЦŸĿڵ, Ѿ˲ǡ
з, ܾҺƵġ
Ȼ˵, ϣ۵׶Ц⡣
ůԺЦǡūԺӺˡ
ո˵Ҳľ÷˲, Ǿе㲻ϰߡ
ůɫ֪ҹﲢûί
֮ǰһҪ޸ڣůΪڵݺϵˣԼҹ޹ȥԻί
Ȼֱ, Ӻϳ˵ʱ, ůŷֹ￴ӵԭ
ӲΪҹҪһѺôвԺһҪƴϡû˹ְһа취óҵù
үһһ׵, ûҷԹԵһаׯӺһ̣Ѿת˳¡
֮⣬֮ǰůůüڳ۸
ů֮ǰ˵ˣ̲ס۵ЦЦ֮ǰʹůҪȴû뵽߻ûпأǱ߾Ѿ뵽Ҫʲôˡ
ЦЦţ뵽֮ǰŸů顣ȻѾԸԳļ޸ڣͲˡ
ʾůǰյůĶֹ˼䣬ůͷ
ůķԸҪ뿪Ȼû߶ԶͻȻͣ
״ôˣ¾ֱ˵
ůԣæǰ¡
ůӣūһ𣿡
΢΢üʾ˵˵ʲô顣
ůԥһ£ǹӣūøõܻڳū澵ū澺ߺ󣬸˻ǳūӣܲܰҲ
⻹ůһοʲôſڵϵůһۡůø֮ǰǸǸʮֳĬԸ񣬵ǶԳһֱʮĹůǸõܣûмΣԼǵǸʮСꡣ
ѵůһΣҪֵʱ򣬳㴹ůɣպŵʱһҪǵ
ůԶʱϲųͷŻϲϲĳȥˡ
ʵůڵʱﻹʮֵ֪ҹǸ֮ˣƽʱҪҹ϶ԥľͻӦ
ǽʱͬգĳѾӳҼ˳ǡšۼ޵ˡڵʮΣҪ̬ȷڻ˵ȥůҪˣҪһҶС
ůողŻôԥԼҪóҹڱ˺ܶ࣬鷳ʮˬĴӦˡ
Ȼʱѩصģůȴоһ˿⡣ֻҪ뵽ܸټ裬ů̲סڵġ

ȵůߺ󣬱ӽӿռһС
ոջе֣ůΪʲôûӦԼʱŷ֮ǰڲĺڰߣ֪ʱֱˣ
ԼıӣֹҲڻⱩ¶ǰԳ˯ŵʱ͵͵ĸˡ
̲סߺһԼľ̫ˡ쵽жۣͿͿĶûзӦ
ʵҲľĲǿʱ̫ˡڵ壬ǱʶȫԲŻһ˯ߡ
»һ죬ϱҪžġȻһסĸͲˣʡȥ˳鷳ͱڣһ˯磬Ҳû˸˵һá
ʼ·⴫һİ
ˣū澰ݣүū澹ź˵ġ
Զһ٣㿪öԷˡ
ȵݽ֮󣬳֪ŮѾڴ򷢻ߡаݵŮѡʹġ
ݲһҽһЩȭŹڳߣҲܰһ㡣
һǺŵߵģǸʱڵ״ܲҲʼ˻ҡڵԼгһգѳҲˣԳ¡Ѱ͵˳壬ҲҪȫ
һûþͱɸɱˡʱڳĽűߣʱһĵĿų
ݼԼ̲סԼˣʲô𣿡
ԻعæŶԷҡҡͷԼ·
ȵ֮󣬾ͿһȺ˺ƺƵˡһĿе㲻Ҫʲô
ϳ֣״æɵߵǰһȴԼ͵ӡ
ںϲСѾͷɵӣסԷС֣ʾ˿԰ڷˡ
СѾͷһ£˰ѷ˰֮һߵݸһ˫ӣһ߿ڵ߳Ա߿
ǵСѾͷûԺãֺ˯磬СѾͷĶӿ϶ˡ
ھдˣϲЩȽڣҲûʳ޲Ĺء
ʱȷʵǶˣСһϺȣæϺССҧһڡһֻϺ֮󣬲ʱ̧ͷǰĶ
һŵĺһдֳǺ;ģҲȽϷĵط
Ȼڶ˸ǸׯӡȻûпʲôȴ֪ĶֵǮ⡣
ЩǸҵģ
ͷû̧嵭˵ů˵㼰ˣЩҸļ񡣡
һ뵽Ĵ£Ǳһ˶⡣Ϊ۲Ը޹СѾͷ޸ھĪСѾͷҪСѾͷãķڣڹء
ȻҲСѾͷ£ǾúóѳǷģȫʮٱ͸
͸ļ񣬳ȥӳׯӣһ̣ǧӣʣȫԼĶڵӴʲȣǵ㶫ֱţһë֮ûпɱԡ
Ȼһ֪ƺǮӣȴôǮ
㶵ĿǰĶһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôˣǴȫҵ
ȻһĻҲû˵֪ʲô޷ǾڳίˣҪķʽÿġ
ǡҲֲ̫ˡ
ڣҵʲе࣬Ҫת¡㲻õģЩһύް졣
ȵЩ˶ˣź۾ǲɵӰҲˣȻȫҵߡ
ֻǺЦҡҡͷûСѾͷĻϡǸʲôˣһ۾ܿó
һˣǸֲֳеûˣҪеļҵ·ҲĹ֡
СѾͷ˱¶ܣҲҪһ࿪ʼھǷСѾͷһ
ҪСѾͷ࣬Եʱܵ˵ڸû취ж磬˵һϢڴء


 29 

ոһϵеľٶ, ŪĶ̵̹ġ
еصĵӣڵŲŲ֮ǰԼС, յǰ֮, Ե˽ССһ
촽ҧſӣһ˫Ŀ˸Ĺâ, ҾûҪתתȥ, ҸЩеûġֻҪһŵ, ŵԺֻҪһ˾͹ˡ
˵˵ţڰߵ΢΢, һ˫۾ȴڴĿڡ
ڱĿⶢ, Īľ;еĻšȻ֪Ѿͷ, Ҳ֪⺢ӶԼзǷ֮, ȴû뵽СѾͷôֱӵ˵
ƳһԵİһۣ޵Ц⣬Ȼ۹۱Ǳǹĵװˡ
ڼ״ʾⰬݳȥ, ȻһҲȥϴ˵Ŀ£һת뿪ˡ
ȵת뿪֮źһ, Ȼ󲻻ŲæĿڵ˼, ޣ
ԣԭЦȻ϶ʱۿСѾͷһҪ, һ̩ɽڶʱˡ
ڣôˣ
Ƕݹˣ컹ҵӣôԲ𣿡
ԭֻŻŻ˵˵Լίˡ
ǰݹأ˯ôΣΣôԲأΪֱСĺ󻵵
һ㾹Ȼҡı鿴һʲôûĺܻţǱ繷Ķš
ԡʱʱֻ˵ĳûˣʱûпӡûӱܸ˼ֻ뵽ǰƯ˲˹Ӹ䲻
ƲҪȥժߡ֮ǰԶʱھһֱвԼȴԣʱɴǳߡ
ڼ״æվ͸ߴԵøߴˡûժߣҪ̫ˡĴ˿ˣ̲ס÷ģӰԷ顣
ڼСѾͷǿĿӣ̲ס̾һڵ㱾Ӧü޸õġ
СѾͷûжĻڵò뽿ԸȢ˾Զ಻ʤӦίļ޸Ӧñøɫ
֪ʲôʱ̲סе۵ĿԭҲӦ֮ӲŶԡ
СĵסָָʱǺСĵĹסָʱʶİסС֡
ڵеֲڣȴͦرůֻͣҪס֣;ʮаȫе͡
ǣѾ޸ˡ
Ժ˶ԭ˵Ժأ
СѾͷӣҲû˵ˣԺĺˣһݺɡ
ɲ֪ʲô֪ĻԻ̲ס²ۣһҲ֪ĸ쵰Ϊ˲ñ˶࿴һ۾Ͱͦ󷽵ģǲִ֪󷽵̬ܳã
֮ժߣڶԴ˵ıֵʮֿܡ°˸ëˣҲûмԵĲ

ʱûųҲţŰݺ˶ļױȻͷֳһδѪˣ޵ļױöóզˡ
뵽ȥʱͷӺٳׯӺһӣǵʱ϶ˡ
ļױ˶ʮĶʮĶˮһׯӣһ֮⣬ĴǶǽ鱦
뵽ӳõׯӺӣЩׯӺ˶ǳҵģȻѾȫģϽ˶ˡ
ݰѳļױһһǼǣȻԺڳһշ䣬ԺǳСⷿˡ
ȵֻʣ³һʱӿռһСȻѰݵǼǵĶСϡ
ǳΰݺլˣ֮Ϊ˴ȫ巢¸֪֮ддǼǵϰߡ
Ѹó¼ĶãСӽռҪ顣
С˯ˣҲ顣æѿռľóȻ͵͵İľвڴϵı
ȳæЩ֮󣬳ȥһůڻˡ
ůһ߿첽ߣһ߽ĶԳӣū澸ո˵Ӻֳǡ
ԭҪϢһ£ʶʵˣǴ绹磿
Ĺϵãů˲ŻʡΪûֻдԸⲻԶǧر
ůѾǰɫеءӣӡ
һϲĹϵҪã˵һ𳤴ġ
ԴӴ֮е˼ϣû̫ʱһҡ
Դ꽥󣬼λ㶼ѾˣλҪӣһҵĹϵԶˡ
û뵽ƾϧʱϾǰʱƾϧڱչؿ
ů֪ģ
ůɫÿˣԥһ¿ڵڸϣүһƫƧԺ
һ£е㲻ʲô
һƾϧûֳǣ֪ۼ˵顣Ϊһֱլ
ůһɲӣ̲סСӣҪҪȥʹү
æӴʣȻҪʡ
ůҵʱںµ顣СѾͷڵӣ֪СѾͷΪ˭ġ
ڻ˷ˣȫ뿪֮󣬱ʾǰ
ʱڻһɫ·ſʮֹߣĪֿ¡
жֲȴһҲڳʱһɵĴյǰ
ڿǰСѾͷԭǱ˪ĺһ˿ů⡣
ƾϧڸϵ飬ڲûп֪ܿͻ֪Ҳ֪ܿͻΪ˶Էҹ
ǵСѾͷʱĪ̲סﲻˬСѾͷȻôƾϧƾϧĹϵȷʵʮܡ
һ뵽СѾͷпܣƾϧǸСĽи磬ڵĪĲʹ졣
еյüͷʱţгһҪ뿪ԻһݺɣȻȴĪҪڡ
֪ʲôֻһеʵǲڸϣ֮ǰΪʲôûиң
ԭͲʱĻˡڳĶųһĨõˣܹ
ôڵķޣһڴʱʱͲһ˿Ծ
һ߶ڵ۾һ߹ϾҸ磬ǴСرãô԰
üͷְѳһС֣һ˲
ڣܺãжã
תת룺˵ôģڳĴװɣ
뵽һĳƻĵһĹâ                        
賿ĸŲϣԺʱȶϾŵ㡣
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 30 

ڿСѾͷ۵˸Ĺâ, ֪Ѿͷ϶ڴʲô⡣
Ȼŵʱ, СѾͷ˵, 㻹ȴȥɣӹǾͲ, ˷ֳһ·ۣҵԲ
ƾϧĳƺ, ǵ, ס̲סӴֱ۵һɰͰ͵˵޴ȥ, ҾͲȥˡ
˵, סȴɿ
ЦĿ, һ, ƺʮּȥ硣
ڼ״üͷȻóСѾͷǹģﻹ̲סһ뵽ƾϧǸС, ˵ܶŮ˶ϲġ
ְСѾͷ˹һֻסСѾͷĴ۾һֻժԼϵߡȻڳȵı£е³ſںסĴꡣ
ʮ, ʱ䶼书, ֮Ҫҵ⻹һŮ˵ĴһԷԻĴ̲꣬סһ
룺ԭŮ˵Ĵζô, һҪеĳ嶯ǸƵˣǳ֮󣬾С˵ľ롣
ʱͻȻеףЩΪʲôŮ˺ˡҲˣΪʲôԹôӢۺúһŮΪʱ˿̣һ˲Ҫߡ
۾ػʱ򣬾ͿѾ´ߡƴСʱ˵ģҲܿƵһ
û뵽ڻͻȻ׹ʱ˻еµġȵ΢عͷֿĳѾˡ
ǺЦ̲ססЦϡ
ôôɰأϲ
ɵЦһźӷȥ
ʱ棬ˣæһǰˣүҴȥӡ
Ե˵ͷǰͻȻһޣĪľúصһǸʱ޾ӣ֮ǰڳʱɵȫͬ
ƾϧһƫƧԺӣ޸ϵʱƾϧͷɢڴߣ˿Ƿ
ʹԽٴμƾϧͻȻһûĸо
Ϥϲĸ磬Ǹ˼һ㣬ŶԷð춼֪ôڡ
ǵһμ⸱ǱģģļǺںġÿһθȥʱܻỨѱʱ磬ͷϵͬɫķ
ƾϧʱǱèһһ֮ô£ʱһ̲ס
ƾϧҪվԼǱģæһԵӵסԼ
ƾϧŵãȴƬ̣Ϊ֡Ϊʰһͳ
Ե˵ͷתȥ䡣Ҫƾϧ˹ŴŮ֮С
ںʱˣ˼άʽҲű˺ܶ࣬ƺҲ˹ŴҲǿԳ׵ġ
뵽ڱŤԸ֪ƾϧ¹ڲӣ˹ҪƢ
ϣһƴѾȥƾϧ˵ʱ򣬵µʱ
ɨ˳һƴһۣ磬ܲüɡ
һƴһãȻʲôҲû˵ɣϴ⻰ʲô˼
ڣû𣿱ǰۣȥʲôȥʲô
һƴ
ǱڵİΣǴ粽ϴϳȥ֮󣬵׸ȥʲôͷۡ

һ߳˰յĹƾϧͻŻŵĴ˳
еĿȻû뵽һζô졣ǰ˽⣬ʰʱǲõġ
ʵ֪ǣƾϧԸϸʰԼһιĲִʲôûҪúʰһҲûǸ
ƾϧһɨ˷һȦǸ޺ůûڣ̲ס΢һҪĻ˵޺ůţĲ֪οڡ
޺ůȻûڷΪ˱ӳѾ˷š
ůʱվڷſںţֻҪ΢Ųһ½Ųܿ龰һߵҲû뿪վԺһ˽ʲô
֪ƾϧ£ȻҲԵ޹ʵֳǡ
ʱƾϧҲĨǣæʵ磬ôͻȻֳǣ
ƾϧǸʮ֪ˣ˿ʮֵǳĴҲûܵľٶ
վڳɢĵطΪһֱûϢãҹ˼Σʱ˿ƮƮģƺһ˲Ҫˤӡ
ƾϧ˴һǵĿڣãΪִ˴ֳΪõ¡
üͷΪ
뵽ƾϧȥңլľٶѵʲôط֪޵£
ԣƼҾֳôԶ۵Ļôִ٣û취ǰ֪Щ¡
²һȻֻʾƾϧ˵
ƾϧҲ֪Լڵ״Լһ˵˵Żιȥæߵ
ƾϧΪֲǰһֵΣ㡭㱻Ŵ޸һİˡ
ƾϧ϶İθ˳ԽԽľѣ̲סһ㤵Ŀƾϧ
ߵ˷ſڣſֻһůڣ΢
ƾϧҲ֪Լ˵̫½룬׻ŵ׵Сá¹õƾϧ̲סҪ
ƾϧųСıӰǹܴһ˵ǲԸ޸ΪֿԴߡ
ĳʹ࣬ʱ䶼һ˵ᡣһ뵽һĻĻ̲ס絶ʡԸóʹ֮УԸ⿴ҵĽ֡
ƾϧĻһ˫Ŀ̲ס΢΢һ˵ҲĻӰɡϾǸʱտʼôڣ޲͵͵ɱ
ڲһˣڸһһҲʵҪǾԲ뿪ġ
һŵİˣᶨ˵磬ǲߵġ
ƾϧһ£һŵĿΪʲô㣬˵󻹻Ầ㡣
ҡҡͷ֪ƾϧΪãû취ſڡ
ںʶָ֮һĴԼ˺ܲסҡǷ̫࣬ʱˡ
磬Ҿβ׼ȷȻȷʵǴۼ޹ģҲǱϵĻΣĸԸԼ޹ġǲţҵŮ֮ǰͺʶˣమġ
˵꣬ƾϧһſӣкůΪ֤
ů߱磬ǲʶˣ
ů˵ĶԻȻûúȴҪ뿪ĻҲԼӶԹүһס
ůеĿ˱һۣŲ˵ӣҼȷʵʶүˡ֮ǰүڽϱһȺ۸ŮװȥȵĹүӺ͹үĸɺˡ
ƾϧԣֻһС૵ĺܺ𣿡
۵׵Ķʹգգе㷺ۿװûпʧӡ
һСǵı飬͸۵ģҼõģκ˶áҲԸ޸ģֻϣһߡ
⻰٣ȷʵԸ޸ģҲҪġ
վſЦһ£һ˫ĺҲ
ԭҪƾϧ鷳ģ˭ߵſھСѾͷףŪڶе㲻˼ˡ                        
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 31 

޼˻, еֵƳǷһۣ̲סСϴ, ôûȥ
ԭΪѵƾϧ, ʱΪϲˣͽ߹ġ
СѾͷʱ, ﰵϲһʶԼ۵, ϵ˿ѿˡ
ڼСѾͷûбƾϧƻ, ԸСѾͷǰȻ˻
ոչȥĶ, ļҲûע⵽ſ, Ȼû취ɵ뿪
ڴһԼ, ̫˽ĳƢ, ״ڵľȡ
һǰһѲסڣһʾԺӵغȻͷת뿪ˡ
ȫ֪, һĿƾϧţǼ⡣
ʵһͿƾϧ˲һ˼ֻɸ硣Ե֮, ƾϧҹʱ, ⵱˵ɵĻҪƾϧףҪѸ˷ϡ
ƾϧҪߣķǳж֪ƾϧ֪, Ҫ˽飬һ˺ôһľġ
ȻƾϧĻмȴû취Ķ顣ֻĶɱϣֻϣտһ㣬ȻҵԼеҸ
ƾϧ˳ĻԭֱͦĿαϡһӳһ˿ûˡ
ӣȻʮֲ̡뵽ϲϷңǺĵ磬֪˷綼ΪҺãֻǡѾ޸ڣԺɲ˵Ļˡ
ʲôĻȻҪ˽Ļ
ƾϧǶˣ˵Ҫǰ;ΪˣһʮΡ
ƾϧûӦʾůȥſڣмҪĻƾϧ˵
ůȥ֮󣬳ߵƾϧǰ磬Ȼβȫ׼ȷȷʵж֮£ұ漰˺̫࣬绹ǲҪ̫֪Ϊ
ƾϧʱ˷ӦڵȻȴʮѡ֪ڵʲôҲ֪²С֪ˣһͱô鷳
֮Ժ޹ǵĸ߱ãΪûӣʮαò߱ˡ
ǵĻƾϧæ񿪿ڵĪҪģΪзִ硣Ϊֻڶӣôκ鷳
ƾϧ˵ˣ֪ԼոЩȥˡҲ֪ƾϧǸˣҪ̫ԡ
֮ƾϧж£Ϊ˲̫ģԼѾ͵͵˶
ʮΣòָ鴫һҪ鷳Ϊ˷ָֹòˣҲŹԼŪ⸱ӣ»ϣæ
ƾϧ΢΢üָòò˵ָò鴫ֹɻڣҲһȺҴƴĺɫ֮ͽ
ƾϧñܶԣȻƺñίˣҲûиõķӡ
ƾϧüȻôϲڣ֪һΪλѵòı𣿡
ϤԲ˽ʲôˡһλܿǼС֮ݺ
Ϊ漰һ̫࣬ƾϧ˵̫࣬ʡ۱ҲЩ˶ϡ
ƾϧԺ϶ҪٵģȻûнӴЩʦȴЩ
Ҫڣ֪ԼȰҲáȻִһҲǴ֮Ҳü˵ʲôĻ
̲סѳһҪӷͶǼȻ£֮϶д
ƺ޸ɣԱҲ˵⡣ƾϧãҲѲ˸ϵ
һлüָԤ֪δֻҪԼʱһһ䣬ЩӦÿԻ⡣
ƾϧլաϵķ纮֢֮ˣֳǶúö顣
һҪμһεǣȻڳ֮վȽŸʱٵı绤ţͲŻ˭Ҷ÷ֺ

Ϊϵľ˸һֱųֱų֡
һʼҪȥһصӣԼΪʲôԸˡ
ʮмůһࡣһεһεһеࡣǰϻ۵ˣһ˼
޲ɶֻСɩӶϴĺáСɩӱϴ󼸴֮⣬˼Ҳûʮĵ̲ɼϴСɩжҪ
ڽӵ˲䣬һֱһ˿ȡ˿ʳС룬һʱ֮ٸн
׾ûĸϵĸױҲûܵĸ˱Ϊ岻粡ˡ
ȲңΪӵʮΡϱһᵽ̫̫Ժסϲ̫̫ӣ̲סٰ
֮ûýޣ̫̫ͻ˶ʱĸѾӣôô˳ۡ
ڼĸ˼£ԭһ׾ɰĺӣͬµĸɿСͷ
ǶʱȻֻж̶̼£Ƕ׵˵ÿһÿһҹҪϻҷҪϢ˶û֪
һֻں۰ͻȻһڵһʱ֮ůůġ
СѾͷ֪ðգܻܿᱻصСܣСѾͷѶ͵ǰ
ڻʾ£ϧȻͷεĴã

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һȻʼʢװһ
һϷȻҪúôСһ뵽ȻҪĺϷϵЦݾԽˡ
ůΪ⴦Ϸ֪ߣڿԼϵЦʱҲ̲סһϲЦ
ݿһϲģʵǲЦʲô
ͨ˼Ҽ޳ȥĹţȷʵһʮֿĵ顣ǳô޹ģڳǸʲôĴÿһ˵ﶼ֪
Ȼ֪ЦʲôҲûйں档ڰׯ˴ô꣬һǾӵ鵱˵ٴ
óʱϱߡ
ں˳͵֮κѪһĺںĳ޴˺üˮ͵͵İϵۻϴɾ
Ȼ;ȵķ֣ϱȽ˴ˣЩȽص˿ڣҲգ۾һ롣
־ϲСѾͷġСѾͷĻ˿ӡϲϵ˺˴룬֮Ͳˡ
֮ǰǰ͵ǰ̣һжΪ״á
ȻھͲһˣȻҪװˡ͵˵ķ֮ģǺܶηηˡ                        
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ȻһʼЧ, ܶҲЩͻȻðҥԡҲһ, ˵һӡ
ȵۺɳףĳٴνӶı, ľвٵ˿ʼѾվ˳Ǳߡһվߵ, һֺ۸ܺߡ
ڶ, ϳʱ±ֳǴˡ
ͳ۶û뵽, ںϻԸͷϧ˺ҲҪƳҵͷ
뿪֮, ȲİѼƻǰˡ뱣ס۵ĺ, , ĳ޽ּҡ
ҵʱ򣬸˾͸˳ıѣ˵Ļ֮ҲûзӦ
ȥׯ, ԭֻҪһʵʵ԰һ̡
ϧΪӣԥǵ֮顣ȻһҲ, ֻܾȥˡ
ͬһһ, һӣ㿪ʼֳǸˮ
ů֪µʱҪ̰ץ, ȴָֹ̧ˡ
ҪӣֵøֲСֵֻҴ۵Ŀʱ򣬱˲ܿɶ
ʱ۶ô֣ҲóĺݣֻóǾȡڻܶҪҲҪȵⳡϷꡣ
ڴųլʱв֮˶ǵҪȥҿϷ
ʱķֳͣǵ˶֪Ҵ۳޵¡
в˵Ҵ֮ԸޣΪ˽ˡ
˵ҴǸġ֮Լ͵ҪˣϧԵսѹãҲҪü޸ǸΪͻҰ֡
Ϊ˵⻰ˣǳҴŮŮ˵ͷͷǵԭԴһҲŵˣﶼ̲סʼҡˡ
Ϊ˶ŮʮֲܣΪάҵӰŮޣҴڳһ죬ѳִ޳ԺǳҲûˡ
Ҷү֪ʱ㱻󷿵ɧѪˡû޴ģΪһ檾ȻϧһŮ
Ȼүǲ֪ǣүʼնΪֻŮˡ
ҴʲôүҲ⡣壬ңҲɳ޵
ڳ޵ϣϲ֪үΪ˱ȳȻĸΪҪЮ
һϳŭˣŭ֮´˳үһ⣬ŷҪү롣
үһͨպ֮±ӦҪϵ˳ʶʶΥĺ
ҲΪһгүæһڵıһд󣬾լƾϧ֪ˡ
ƾϧʱںͳոյִҴſڡ
ƾϧǸˣʮ⣬Щ֮󣬱֪Ҫáʱû취ˣææҸϡ
ڿųҽյĴţһ˫īһһ˿⡣
Ǵǻҵʱָպøϳš߲ܰˣⷬ޷Ҫѿ
ǹʱ򣬽ֵϵС̯ӶˡʱĽ϶壬Ϊڵĺܣвڸ͵һÿҵĴϷء
תͷһԱߵĳһƴһƴ˵ͷ
ǰţû˻ӦƵ̧ţһŰѴ߿ˡ
Զֵ˼״ʱ̲סͺһ
ǴſɲͨľţȻɵ߿ˡ
Χ۵˶ʱ̲ס룬ѵǸͲ꣬Ǵ˵֮лڹˣ
ҵŷ״ŵòᣬ߶µָųһƴ㡭ʲôôôլ
һƴȻͲ󣬵ȴܸߡŰԼһͷŷʮ䵭˵Ҽҷ˻ţ֪ͨǼӣ
ŷҲţ֮ǰˡһƴĻ˭ţǳҿûм޳ȥĹ
ŷ˵ţҪְѴŸϡ
һƴüһסĲӣ嵭𣿡

ͬʱųǰԺϡ
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ɽüͷȰôүѾ֤һξƺҲϴ塣
һǰһҪһүҪͷҲڽӡ
۵ﻹеʧ䣬û뵽ڻôû뵽Ϊ˳˺
Ȼûʲô飬ڱϾδһ뵽ȻҪʱھվڳǱΪ۵̲סˮ
ų۸յǰԺͿڴųսҴţүһŭָ˵ʲô
ڲûдүĻһ׼ҪΪҲаţǰݺݴͷӵˡ
֮ǰů£ͨ޵˽⵽Ϊ˲СѾͷļƻһ·ôİؼ
һЩˣʱŭָڵӣѾû˹λŰǲװɣ
ȴûĻޱĿų飬һ񶼲Ը
ﱻӣʱ۾ˣǳ׺͸ˡ
һڴϹ֣Ķǹ꣬Ĵһ⡣ԭһӻ񿴵ںͳǺ޵
￴һŷһۣŷȥ̫̫˳ĽԷ˴
үǺϲ֪ôųҲôô˳ۡҵָڵıȴָųƿڴ
Т֮Ů㶪ǳҵȻ
Ͷû˸оǱҲûκθо
˵ҳ󲻿˭ҳ鲻ǲҴšͷһ۳Ҵ򿪵ĴţԼſôҲϲߵĿֵˣ׳үͳ¶Ҫ
ƫҪҸȥ
һ䣬ףγԣŮΪõҸó޻𣿡
۾һ죬ʱˮһŵĿųǺò׹ǰ㣬˵ʲôʲôΪҵҸǽ˵˵ĽѾá
˵ţǲԼ˵©죬æʧס˫
ڿŶԷ̬ӣͻȻԼϹۣôĳϳСѾͷ
ںʱԵȥȻһǰǸԼ
ͬʱƾϧѾһƥų߸
ڹûʲôˣƾϧһ·ϵǳͨ裬գ۾Ѿ˳⡣
ʱΧ˲ˣдǶǸĽַھӡǶҵĶ¹ոֵġ
Ҫƽʱִ˼ҵ飬һ͵͵ģҲǸĳ£ǲû͵͵ĲҴţȻĵֵ˾֪
֮һˣͻȻ̲סһ䣬û֮£ҵΪҲйĺġ
Χ˲˼̲סѯʵλγ԰
Ǳ֮ΪԣЦָָΧŵˣȻ΢΢۾˵˭ֳĳ£޲ȫ˶֪ģ˵Ǵ϶ǳҵѪȻĸ׵Ůȥ
΢תÿһ㣬ʱеĵ˵Ǵ˼ˣͨ˼ֳĳţҲ»СС»ˡ
Ǵ⼸ҵΪҸûҪѹ´µ˼ҴŵˣҲլѾ߶ѣҪڼֱ׾١
ǳҲûзǵĿڣڷ֮װ죬鳹ִ֮󣬱Ʋϵ
ҳһΧۣҪڿֱҪŮ
ƾϧ˵ĻһƿȺ첽ߣһݶĿԶĳү
öһңöһүĹùò˵Ҫıã
ԭڿţЩ걻ѹ裬䲻Ŀƾϧž˫ʱͰԼ֮ǰĻһɶġ
㶵ӣæһѣȻع
۱ƾϧһ񣬴ʱеҲոձ˵ĸоˣеɰͰ͵˵㣬֪һֱϲ۶۶ȴһֱѽ㵱ˡ
ʱҲƾϧųͻȻʧˮ׼ݼų¶һʧı
ȻƱȷʵò绨ǳΪһϸԱôΪΧۣΪһԱĲأ
ƾϧʲôû
ҹĺܳСʹ˵ˣܳҪ𣿡

 33 

ʱ̫̫ͳү, Ѿ뵽ǰԺ
̫̫һſΧŵˣʱò۾һ˹ȥҪָųү, Ϳ˹
̫̫ߵļ, æ̫̫һһͷĿ
ɲ̫̫ϲϲ, ǳүһҪ̫̫뻤Ҳסˡ
ȿ޵ĸ, ĸ, һҪ۶۶Ǳ۸ˣһҪΪֻع
̫̫һԼĸ, ʱһѵһ澳, ҲĸףǺôĵӡ
ɫһ, ʵе㺦̫̫ġʱ̫̫ǳ, ʱֶơ
һԵĳү״һĵĿһۣǳ²ûö
үǰ, Ȼɨһ۳ĸףӽſڣѳ鹵ҡ
һԵĳүԣǺݺݵĵ˳үһ, ֮ʾŷȥš
ŷ˳үһ, ҪѴŸסүֹĸף, £ǳұ빫˽Ĵǵȳ£ǲĸɸɾģԻӰǳ뼸ӵĻ¡
ָ̫̫ųүıһ˽һΪ˳ΪӣҿǺ޲ôѾͷͳһȥ
Ȳܳû鹵£үһ־֮󣬳ֻ֤ˡҽƲϵӵĻҲѰ졣
ųүͻȻǰɨһܣȻ˵׽ʵҪĲǹ˽ֻΪŮȥѡ
ʢװ磬ǺڰߣڹǲƤ޷ڵǸ˵ʵ
֮ǰҥԴҴˣҲ֣˿оøࡣǿŴʱվԺĴֻ֮ǰĴж󻯶Էɡ
ڳүڵ̬ȣҪŮȥв̲סͬĿų
˵Ŀ⣬˵Ŀ˳̫̫Ȼʮƽ֪ĸײϲЩٶίҲĸߡһҪȥΪŮֻȥһ뵽ǿĸףҪڳŮĥ絶һܡĸɲ֮ǰĸСС;ͱķϣø׸ĸһ飬Ȼǿĸ׻ؽƼҡ
˵ųţ˳̫̫ǰһ̹Ȼӣ־ΪĸĻʱǵΧ˲ᡣ
ҲûнƱʲôûзϳү˵ݡ𾴳ӣԼǰΪĸı·ӣʱүԼ۳ĶԱȡ
үͱˣһƱҪóصӡүޣƫͳ۵̬ȣ˵Ķʱƫ˳һߡ
һĸײóĵŮǸʵĵŮôͱܳã
һĮĳ̫̫ųĿⶼһ˿
̬ⷬɲǷΪǰļ䣬֪Լĸ׾ǳү㡣
үôƵľٶΪϵáóҪЮϣҪЮ񡭡Ҳ֮֮ˡ
һֱųڣ̲סһĲһ뵽СѾͷЩܵĿ࣬ھͺ޵߬ԼȭͷȻ֪Ϸڵ滹̲סһһľۡ
үĻʱֱ͸ŮȻ棬ߥ̫̫Ϻ룿
ôܻϺ룬Ϊ˵õɷѿģôҲһֱϵͷôԸϺ룿
֪үߣԸոչ̫̫˵ġү˲̲סͷ¹˹ǡ
үŹһԵĳһպ޵˼㣬ʱҲ˲Χˣ̧žͳųѺݺȥ
һԺӵԼſΧ۵˼״ʱ׷׷һ󾪺ƾϧŵɫҰףųǱ߱ȥʱɫӰ˲ڳߡ
һƴɫĵڳүǰ̧Ÿպõס˳үһš
֮ǰͶһƴúñˡڳүһ˲䣬֪һƴһܵס֪֪ڿСѾͷΣʱıܻ˷Ӧ
㶵Ŀ§ˣϲ˵Ҫװˡ׶
֪Σգ޷˵ĳ˹ǵġΡ
СĵĻߵĳŵԼǰĳһƴİѶԷƵһߡ
һƴƿһûбһĨΡʵ˵һߣʱϴķͷ
ڿ˧ĳһƴͻȻʮֺװʲôˡˣӦųǡ
үͻȻðڣʱӣǳҵļ£ƺ޹ذɣ
ڣôҵ£ô˵Ҳҵӣүڴĳ𣿡
үŭĪҪԣҪһǽˣ
ڻشʮָɴ࣬ɴൽү˵꣬شԡ
үָڵ֮£ҲҪ𣿡
һ߲һųүүڿ˵ԼŮ֮¡ȻүȾ֪ˣΪʲôҪѴ޹Ǿĳû˹λǳ𣿡
һԵĳԣæ۾ڵӣǳҪѿǡǽҪ޸ġ
ں·˱һЦĿų۵Ҫ޸ң㲻޸ˣ
һ˵˵ϣ˶ʱе
ԭΪڻˣݡŮԸ޸˳һڳΪʲôޣΪĸף
ǰ֮˿۵ĿʱܹĿ⣬ʱŵö㵽˳үһʼ޿
ְĳĺ󱳣ȻЦĿų۵үڿ˵ˣ֮£ҪѴ޳ĳʳү֤ˣ˭Ļ᣿ǺʱεĻ᣿
үһתһԵǵȻ֤˵ģһ򡱣Ҫ޻ء
ڵĻʱһϲʾŷ˴ŷ뿪ŷ绹ûлƤʱĪһֲõԤС
үɫˣ̲סһȻʾܼһ֤˹
˿ǰһĻһʱʲôһбһĺүĪǵǶɵӣȻǵ濪ʼ԰šڶ̲סɣҴǲŮˣ
԰԰һ֤֤ҲǼҵˣҪô˵ô˵ˣ
˵ʲôҪ˽Ĵãǿûпһ˿һĹֻС϶һҪı
үɫʱæʾŷشšԭҪڿһ㣬ѳŮġû뵽мôӣͻȻһﻢµĸо
ȻڿɲԸ⣬һ֣ļ¶ʱסŷ
Ȼó棬ֵǳҶˣôԸ
ڿԿηȻ鲢࣬ǵ˼Ƕġ
үָŭڣ㲻Ҫ̫㻹Ǵ֮Ϊɽкβͬ
ԲŭЦүļƺǺܺáòĳүһ£Ϊóۼ޸ңڳǱ¥
ڰѻ˵۶ʱֵĺ죡޳֮ͽҪܻҵ
˿֮ǰ޵滨ĳۣͻȻҰһӳүܳΪ̫̫ͼǹڸոյĻ˿ķӦʱԽ
ԭۺڵĻҲè壬ֲõʱڣͻȻϳʮֵ΢Ů
һΪߴߵˣڷҪʸĸ֦ˣȷʵܸɳ֮Щ顣
ʵʵʵ˻飬һȹǰˣܰȵļ˵ġ
ϧˣ̰Ĳ㡣Ҫ޸һõˣԲڳôΪԼ̰ģҪڳʬ
һ֮˳ΪԼΪڵʱ״ֺܲǰңڵĹӡ
ȻȴһˣڵĳԸҪ׵Ľ¶Ƥ³ª
Ҫʾů˽̧㱻һץסˡ
ѹɡ
ȻóԱܽڹŴТִ졣Ϊ˸ԼԩүТѹƳĿ֮Ҳܱųүϴ
Ȼ֪СѾͷߵһѾںκˣáָָ㡣
ǸˣƤ±رĳݶԽͽˡ                        
С糡
ˤ˵õҵأһûʼأ
ڣϱҴˣҹ塣

 34 

Ҳ˲, ҧҧ´һҰײҰ׵Ŀڡ
ʱıŻ, ô, Ϊ˼޸ڣǰѹ·ġ
Ŀ, ͼ⸱ģС, Ϊңѵǽ˵ʲôҴû, һֱӵδġ
ڵĳ۲ʮ꣬һǸĻĳۡڱϾһС, ͻȻв, ʱ̲סʼ
ںЦȻҵδ, Ϊ֮, һҲûլ̽
ڵ֪֮æŹһˣʱ˹֣
ʵ, ԩˡȻлԼǱϾûгΪޣΪŮȥ㡣
˵ţĿһۡģ, ͦһġ
ϧڸ, лԼȴŮбܼңȴȥС
Χһ, һŵĿۣƺҪ֤ڵĻǷʵ
۵ͫһæһֵ̧ͷϵıҲܿƵĳ鴤һ¡
⸱ӣæ嵽ǰڣ㲻Ҫ̫ҪŴǲܣô۶۶أعˡ
ڿµ΢΢˹ǲţ԰С˵˵ҿ˵ѣ
ԣ̲סӻһ¡һֱΪϲôҲû뵽˵ȥҡһ˵
ǡǲʲô֪ˣ֪ǱȳޣŻάģ
ֹĻȻ֤ˡ
ԣͱ˵ƾʲôҵ֤˾Ͳ֤ˣҸԼҵˣָܹ֤
ôһﻹƱ磬ͱһԵĳסˡ
Ƕ˵ǵȹܼҰѡ֤ˡ˵
ڼӣڴʲô⣬̼ǺĻһ߲Ը޸һһ̰ͼּҵٻ󡣡
ڿţԶʱŭڣ̫ˣ㾹ȻҪң
űʧصĳۣ뵽֮ǰ۸ԼЩ飬̲סڵ˵Ӱбڻʲô
ݵˣһҲû˵ȫ侲˼㡣ʱһС׻ģĳȣγʮĶԱȡ
ۿųĵĳҶʱˡСͱȳܳ裬ʲôѹһͷܹܴ裿
۾ѪĶųҧ´ͣԼһҪ̣һҪֻ̣Ҫ̹ͺˡ
ǵͻȻᵽһϤĿջʱȻƿˣ˵һԣ
ջʲôطҩ·ɵĵط
׸ߣѧ˲ٹ˵ı¡ʱʮţֻҪ˯ץסɵġ
ǵʱȴ˲ӣɲûУһ𾪿ӡ
Ȼ֮۲ͣοԼǰ˾ӲĴ£ҲѾϲǳ۵ʵû׵ġ
ͻȻǸջ֣ӳ³ĳ׻ˡ
ͫ˴ųۣڵģˣĶ
ֹͫ˾ȣǶڴſڵҲܾȡǴǸˣ˽ҶǸʲôӡ
ԭΪԸ񣬿ǿųһŵͻȻӼŴ޹ˡ
һԵĳүɨ˳һۣһңֵĵط𣿻غԺȥ
ɵԣæųתҪߡһƴӰһ̵ǰ
үҪǳһƴʱܼҴһ˹ˡʾǸǰõĻ˵һ顣
ʱģǵһμôӣһ߽ŵ˵ǰһߴֹŹܼҽĻ
үˣһӸµĿ˵˵㶼ʲôҪ£үҲġ
үĻ֮Ц
үѾˣƹˤ̬ҲҪ
װû˵ĳһ˵֮ǰʲô
˵սľĿ˳үһۣæŹܼҵĻСˣСˣ֮ǰ俴͵͵һλĻᡣ
ƾϧһ˵Ļʱ˳ү⡣ΣҲҪˡ
ֹƾϧһ㣬ΧٿֵҲˡ֮ǰ˵ԣʱû˼ȥ顣
ЦĿųүү㵱ڲѵͲ´֪
˵ŶԷת뿪ԭΪҴĸɳʲô£ԲŸ˹ոֵġ
ſף˼Сʲôûǳү׵Ҫѡ
ҲǸ׵ˣһŮȻźǸŮȴһֱĸγţʵǲү뷨
ǳү򶨵ˣûطˡѾĻΪı·òװѳҵλһ㡣ôŬȫϴ
ֹүԳүԹԣ̫̫ô겻󷿵ˣҲΪϲүӡ
ү˶߶µӣ˵㶶ʲô
˸Ҫûпھ̫̫ŭֱ֣
ʱŵ˵ڵأһþͱӴɱˡ
̫̫ʹˣ֮ǰԸܴһˣΪ󷿵ġ
ڲˣۿųүҪ˳ң̲סڵǶɵӣΪֻ찡
үû뵽²ĵ̫̫ʱͻȻ֮俪ڣʱż̫̫ܵǰĸףĪҴѾͷԺʲôĸ׵ġ
̫̫㱻Ļү״æǰס̫̫ȻһĮĿ˳үһۡ
ӳүֳܲô¿ʼүԼµҪˡǲ̬ȣһʮֲõԤС
Ȼڴʱ֣ӳҴһȺˡ
Ⱥ˴ף֮⣬Ȱŵġ֤ˡĽԷˣԼҪ
֮⣬пջС·ߵؤԼһ˵Ĵ
ڿǸСؤʱԭͲҰ׵϶ʱˡָųڣðſڵǣǸҡǸҡ
û˶Ⱥ֤ʡ
ӵڿʼóֳȻٵȳޣ·ɡ
үġ֤ˡͬǣһһ֤ʱ䣬ص㣬˵װףûһ˿һ©
ǣǲܻ֤ó֤
ǸСؤǲ֮ǰůͷǸСӡһǳ۵
۵ʱСؤͲڿջķССؤǺ³۲ϣŻ͵͵˳˳۵֤
Сؤ˵ڿջҩɣֱǰ·£ʱǰһķڡ
ҲܱôһȥҪСؤС죬ңǶǴͨҵġ
ԭͫȥۣǿų⸱ªӣͻȻ̲סһ
ҲˣæܵſҪȥشţһȺֵĿɲ
֮ǰҪſţҪĴĿ¶֪ҳ󲻿ˡ
һ˺ۣ治ͨѾͷɧ¥Ů˲
үһȺԽ˵Խ֣æк˰ѴŸϡȥ˵ˣǸŮҲˡ
̫̫һߺ޳ү֣һԹĺٺҲˡ
һ޳ȥϴɾˣǸѾͷô찡
̫̫Թ޵ںЦϷˣܹܶܳүôᷢЩ£
̫̫Ȼ׹ףﻹ̲סǨŭڡ
үص̫̫ߣҪ̫̫Ҳѡ
̫̫ĸףµԹ޵ʱ򣬶ӾûǷּұȽ׵
̫̫һ£漴̾ʲô
һԵĳүУĿǰһĻȻΪʲôӣ


 35 

һƨ˵, Ȼ̧סʹ֮ǰʲôźˣΪʲô
Ůģ, һ˫۾ȥڷ, ȫûǰ磬˿ӡ
ųһ, ̧žͺݺݵĴϡ
źϧڣ̲סεĳ˳ǡ
϶ŸЬӡ, ʱر, ſų˵ĿҲˡ
үԸȥһ۴Ұ׵ɫ, æǰڵ, ȷʵǳû㿴, ôдһݺɩ, ôͶǸԺͲǳҵˣҪδԡ
үĻһ, ԭֵʱɵˣǴһ
æ˵үűߣһĿųүүү, Ⱦ, Ⱦ
ʱڻعĳүһϣߵʱһѪ˳
ԭʹĳ, Ҳ˲Ͽˣæ˹ȥ
ۣĸסû°ɣ㡭
үȴűߵĸŮһָųүҾҲҪ롣һҲ뿪ң
̫̫ˣҰԸдǾӡ
ǿˣôڶΪһŮˡͲӦǸӽš
ү״ҪΧסûһͱ廨
Ȼ̫̫Թ±ͱ˳ȥͻ˾֪ٲʹ죬ҲҪ鴦ƯƯģȻԺǳҸû֮ˡ
ܿүүдһݺ飬ںͳóүӡǷݺ飬һʯͷˡ
̫̫ɳֵۣԭͶûкøУ֪Щ飬̫̫ʣµҲû
Ŀų۵֪ˣ
ʶҡͷ̫̫״̾һү̾ҷ
ˣ֪Ҫˡæ۵ֱֻۣܹ̫̫ġ
ﱻϳ˳ңүͳ۶˶ʮҲϵļױˣ⳥˲ӳ
ߵʱ򣬻Ӧů£ӳҪůݵźƺƵһ뿪ˡ
صլ֮󣬳ǰٺϵˣ֮Ϳʼˡ
⼸˵ҲҪ˹Ϊ׵ֿ˿ĽԷļˡ
ͨһڳǰڵϿ˼ͷſĿİ˵ĲĨڵģǡġǲһȺɼˣ￴Ǹôķϡ
Ļ˵꣬Ҳعһڳǰʼġ
ָָֺӣڶһԵů£ຮ֮ȥҲٿǡ
֮гӣԳмģĶһȺ
һĻʱ޺ŲͣͷɻǱһƴˡ
ȻֻʣһˣǳŮ֪̫˽ܵ飬úôĻ׸µ鷳
㣬˵Ҹô㣿
ʲôŲҰ׵촽˳һۣͳһԵʯײ˹ȥ
ůæҪס۾һ˫־һס˫ۡ
𿴣㲻ÿЩ
еЦĹǣ˰ǰɴĲޡ
ڰѳԼȻʹ뿪Ѫζķ䡣
ůˣæǰ鿴ȷѾû˺ʾʰһ¡
ů˿ϵѪæĲ˲ǵһμˣȻе㺦£ȴһҲԷ
ĮĿһۣתҲ뿪ˡ

ҷ飬ֳǴˡв˵֪£һ𾪲ѡ
֪ɣ֮ǰձڽѵһ٣ԭڼˡС˿е֪ºõҪȥˡ
ϧڻϽ㣬ȥҲû취
֪Ҳ뵽ǳ⣬ͺ޲˺˶ԷôһӣһŮˣԺּҲð
ΪҲǣ˽ȥɵĸ׻ָѵһ֮ͨǰ;ɣЩŮԶԶء
ɵĸֶү֮ĲرɶȢһССĵŮҲԸȢҵŮΪޡ
֮ļ죬ֳ쳣֡
Ϊ˸ȡͬ飬ȡһ˲ӸЩǰѳ۵ĳ±
ЩҾƶ˴ʵӺһд𻰱
ֵ׵ʱдĻһءȻǴƣ֪ʵ˶֪Ǹ۸ĵչǳǸһˮ㱻׵С
֮ǰ۸ˣڿ֮еʮ飬еʮֺڣҲеĵЦЩĳŮӣΪ˳ᡣ
˵۸ɳĳ£Ӧлǡ
ǲֵж󣬳۶ûҪ˼Ҫ͵͵ɡ
Ϣûдǣͱ¸ϣץǸϢˣٴڵϳҴš
үԲģѳҲϳ˳ңԴԺҾûˡ

ͬʱȥϵ·ϡ
Դ˳֮󣬾һֱڳûعϡΪһֽ飬ڿԻȥˡ
Ȼһ֣ϴɾϵ۵㣬ϾҲ۵Ľ㡣ڵĳﲻһųȥɢɢġ
֪һ飬Сɩ˵ʱǵѾֳǡ
⼸죬͵͵ں˲ȪˮϵѾ࣬ϿɲҲࡣ
Ϊ࣬Ǵֻ˳һƴݺůСڵ书ָˣһҲ˰ɱǡ( ? ?? ?)?
֮ǰǱҪΪս첻߲ݣѾ͵Ϯ˵ġ֮ûϢһ·ϵİɱŻǰǱĳڳǰ
ŶСƵƾϧһ˲һɫҲûУһֱСϱҪСѾͷƾϧȥˡ
ְ·ԭٱ˶ʱˡ
ڣ۲ۣҪҪϢһ£
Եһۣʾﻹڡ
ڼ״ʮְûڣӦŪܺСѾͷܰƾϧӳȥ
Īʸоһ˿ɱƾϧڵвóӡĿ
һȣʱŮһ𿴹
ϣϧôˣǲﲻ
磬Ⱥһˮ
ů廹ûã֮ǰ϶ִ硣
ڣǺǡ

 36 

һ˶ǡС, ϵ·һ·ߵú
ϺͳٳֳǣĸŮͻȻ֮ػ, ÿһİĵط֮, ˾̲סĴ߿һ·ϻ˲ʱ䡣
һ쵽ϳǵʱ, мҪ鼸죬ǱϳǵĿջס
Ҫȥһ, ߵʱѳһƴˡһ, Ҳ֪Ҳǣ϶Ըѳһƴϡ
Ҫ, ֮ǰΪҵ, Ͱ¸Ժ
Ҫֻһ뿪, Ҳ֪᲻ʲôΣ, պÿ԰ѱ
ڽӹĺӣû̴򿪺ӿĶ򵥵װһ㱧źӴӺ뿪˿ջ
סջʱ, ΣԺ߶Ҳ˵ע⡣
뿪֮󣬳ڷ˰, Ҫϳȥߡ
һڷĻ, ̲ס˼롣Ȼ֪ڲ£ǻǿƲסԼ뷨
ԭֻźϳȥ䣬ȳ˿ջʱ, ͷֳ˰ûиţ˶һˡ
ƾϧԼ忡һ˿Ц⡣
ƾϧҶһʮϤҿԴŹùúͱĴߡ
֮ǰǻ岻ΪʲôʵʵϢһ£
ƾϧ紵ҵ°ڣһ˿Цòõģ⼸ҵѾ˺ܶࡣ
˵ˣԼҲü˵ܾĻ
̧ɨһůůտϣȳŽȥ
ƾϧ״һ˿ȻǺܿ첽׷ǰˡ
ȷʵٳ֣ʱñһһ߿һ˲ٶ
Ҳ˲ٶЩ͸Ƽݵġ֮ǰߵʱ̫æûü׼ȥƼҵ
׽һЩųҲࡣ
ϿųñµȻ·ϳѾϵĶѾȫˡ
뵽֮ǰ̲סеѹܶĳһ㣬ҲͲµĶҲŮɵĻ¾Ͳˡ
Ȼʱദ֪ڲ֮ôһ뵽Ĵ϶Ůе㲻⡣
ǸͨŮˣҲǸͨĸס󸻴ֻϣ޸Ѱ˼ҡ
֪ϵ뷨֪ĻһΡ㲻޸ˣԭòҲܼ޸Ѱ˼ҡ
ǡһӹںլͬĸһˡȻòƽ˳Ĺһ˵Ҵ֮֡

һ˳ϳǣһƥ
˿ﻹһӣʶĿѯʵӣòСİܣ
֮ԻʣΪ֪һҪȥʲôµһӣ·Ҳ㱣ܡ
ֻɨһۣȫûаѺӸ˼
СѾͷ͸뵽СѾͷʱС飬֪ŵĿ϶Ǹ
ԼûüأôðѶˣ
ſһ·رȥ·ϵʱ˺ӡĶʱæס
ٱܵͻȻס˻̧ǰ㣬ѱϵڸˤȥҪڵһһӾҪˤ
ڲûйһȵĶźĶ֮õĶȻ׾ٵĵõˣԳ֮ˣʱ˿Ҳ̲סЦ
֮ǰڻãҪϴˢԩǰ·һʮֿ
Դ֮ǱСѾͷκϵˣֵ֮õľ֮
ͻȻ֮·ƺҲû֮ѣƺȢһСǻˡ
ʱСǣŽսƷص˿ջ
ƾϧһСѳĶ͵ķ䡣ȫû뵽ùúͱã˿ŮӣȻ¡
ʱƾϧԼ˫Ѿˣ˴ڰ״
һ֮󣬾վ鿴սƷƳƾϧҰ׵С̲סһ˿Ц⡣
游֮ҲҪúòСȻ⸱ӹǣôܵ˿ƿʱĿͷ
Ϣʱ򣬳ůѼȪˮˮֱ˸Ϻƾϧˣˮúõݸš
Լǽ˷֮󣬱˽ӿռڿռ֮˸ˮ衣
֮󣬳ȪˮŴӿռ
һֱϳǴ죬ҹڴһʪʱڷ˯š
ϵʪ·ˮһ裬С˳ߡ
ڻǵһСѾͷ˯һһ£СĵСѾͷıǼ⡣
СѾͷ۽ë˶ڶʱһæסСѾͷ
СѾͷƺΣǱǼʶһ£ȻͻȻһѱס
ΪСѾͷˣ̲סѾͷˣ
Ӧǣ޵һߣȻڻ˲䣬Ժ˯ˡ
ڼ״еͷۣСĵıŻС˶һ΢һƣŽӲӱ۾


 37 

, ʱ򣬾ͷԼڵĻ
ڻʱ, Լ֪ġǵʱر, ֻץסһ˯ԺڻʱܿͰĵ˯˹ȥ
˯ʱҲ, ̲סе۵Ŀϵ˿ںҪȥ˰̿»Ҫһʱ䡣ֲ, ϶ͦª, һһԵĸо
ţ̲סյǰ, ñǼеߡҪͷһڵ۾ʱ, һֱ˯ȥͻȻ۾
һ۾, ۵ıСѾͷĴꡣͻȻ뵽֮ǰƷζ, ȻһȾչȥſҧһ¡
ԼߣײСѾͷϣʱСѾͷײþһ
ڼ״æֿסСѾͷ, ȻͷСѾͷƤ۶һֻײһ¾̺һƬ
ڵһĨô˯ԺأȻԼϻߣ
Լı, Ķͷ, ̲סק˵ײˣҪҪܺá
˵ŵʱ̲סе㷢̡벻Լгһ, ҲΪһƤ
֪ոģѵԸһأȻҪһôˡ
Զ˶䣬µҲźˡ֪СѾͷǳϲһεεСϱҲǻͷ۵ġھԼӦСѾͷĻСѾͷôϲһġ
ڸûж֪ںˡ̾һҪа
ţȥҪȥժڵߡڼ״һæСѾͷֵ˫ס
ժôѽ
ڿǰСѾͷ񣬲֪ǲĴܾСѾͷҪ
ȿȿȡ
ھӲֹϷȣǶ䣬ؿڶǹ̵̹ġô죿СѾͷʵ̫ˡ
סСѾͷ۾ժԼߡǲҪʲôСѾͷ̱۾ȴš
ס۾ţ̵ֳ۽ëΪ˵ļëһһĲڵģŪڴʱһҲһġ
ųĴ֦꣬մ¶һ꣬ʶľҪݺݵҧȥ뵽һΰѳҧˣæѹͻͻͻĳ嶯ڳһڡ
ǱߵȰȣҲûʮִϿһڡ
˿ҪܣæֽŲõԷϡһһֱ˶Էϡ
ȻŵòᣬæߣһסƨɣһץסԷϸ󡣲ѵ󱳵СѾͷЦ
һĳǴ֮ĳǸµԸ
⻹һԣԷϲķǸػˡһξ÷һ㣬ԭֿȤ顣
һֻϸֱ۹סڵĲӣͷһ׺ݵһڡò񫣬Ҫһڣ˱㱻Ȧס֫СĵķŵĴ֮ϡ

ڴųӷʱʵʵĴññµС˵ġ
̲סĹ˹ǣȴСĳϵ˿ڣʱ۵ĵһǰڸߴıӰ̲סĺ󱳻˻ȭͷ
ȴǱ۾һͻȻͷһץס˳ͷɴôʱҼˡ
֮һ˼򵥵ڿջ緹ͼ򵥵ʰһңʱ뿪ϳǡ
Ϊ⼸죬˲ٶЩѾѳһСɽֻ׼һ
ԸԳһɰݼǰ档
ϣҪڸչʾǰ䵶֮ǰһֱҪϧĻؾûж
ʱѵþˣ̲סó߻Ͳ±䵶ϵĻ˵ˡ
ڸõ䵶ʱҲ㱻Ļ˵书ܸߣûбСϱ͵ı˵Ȼˣĳǲ߳ġ
ڰѳԼȻ󻷱䵶̬һһչֳ
ڵʮ޳ÿŪ䵶Ļصʱÿָ˶
ֻǰۻҵģҲûпôģ䵶ͱһеСȻСĵˣһʵλãһӤָϸޡ
ж⣬ʶľҪȥһ£־ͱһѸץסˡ
ڣ涼ǵס˵Ƥ֮ĹӾͻսʱǳһƤⲻɡ
һ⻰æԹԵ˻ڻ˲䡣
ͦε΢΢Ӳһ£ȻһεĿŻֵСѾͷ
䵶֮󣬴ӻһƴĽУݵСѾͷǰ
㿴ϲϲ
ڸոǾ仰ʶִ˽УȻͷһֻͨķΡ
״Цһ£Ҳûһ˿һ˼ҪŷԼȥȴһѸֹˡ
ڿһӣСѾͷСֿʼɲͨķΣȻ͵أҲһʮ˼ķ
ڰѷšһ£һǣš£һʹӷﵯ˳
ɢڴ˵ʱֻҪס
ְֵĽ̵ųܿ˷ε÷
̲סһпǰ䵶ΣǵĶ߿϶Ǹϸ緢ˡСĶôྫɵĻأʵ̫ˡ
ڿһϲӣҲô˼Ū
ڣⶫԺʹϣҲܰһ㡣
Ūεֶһ£̸жľҪˡ
۵ԭ飬ʱһ˿Ҵ档æָСѾͷСѾͷҪҵġ
ڵӣ̲סֵĵöЦﴫøϳİݶ̲סеˡ
ϳǾƼڵݳǲ·̣һ˻ûеݳǵʱ򣬱·Ƽҵˡ
˵ǳĴƾͶ˾ƱᣬһԼʹʱͺۡ
ƼҵŮͷ綼ܶ࣬СǼߵǸ
ΪϺƾ޼Ǻƾһ𳤴ġƾȻһùãʵȴϵ׽㿴ġ
ϧ׾ͲڣóҲó̡⼸ƼҽϣûõķչڸʱҪ⡣ҲΪƼҴǰϱżƼҲŻ
Ķ˾һӣԭҪӴ󷿹һӹڴҲӣһҪǿԸΪ˲ԼĶӹ̳ȥүӺ̫̫˺ü
Ķ˾˲Ը£ֻܴ汧һӾƾϧ
Сʱ򣬾Լĸ˵Ǵﱧġ˵һҹƾϧġ
ʱƾϧӿϢٵġԭ˶Ϊƾϧ׿϶
ʮǣƾϧȻһֱãȴʮּǿĳ


 38 

ƾϧƱƼ, ƼҺóԺúȵĽ˼꣬ƾϧŽתࡣ
ƾϧ׾֪ԼǱ, ƱҲûӵ˼, ⲢӰĸ顣
ΪƱϣƾϧһֱʮֺáºֻһ, ӺпǶӣƾϧɺܺá
ûж, СǸǸŮŮǳС, ǸС򵽴Ѿͷ
ƾϧΪ˱ǸĶ飬ÿ궼ȥһЩǮ, ȥݼ֮ǰλ֡
ɮ˺ܶ, СʱݵƤƾϧ񳤳ɵƾϧ, ƾϧǸиġ
ƾϧҲԼи, ûͲᱻȣҲƱôõĸĸ
ȻһЩ˻˵, ƼҶᱧȫΪΪϡ
ƾϧ˺֪㣬֪֮ǰǱĿĵģôĺҲǻʵġԼӦ̫̰, ̫̰ĵĻ, ʧȥԭӵеĶ
֮Ƽ˵㣬·ϵʱ÷ɿ졣
·ϰѳҵ˶磬ƱòͣĴȡԼ̫, ԼЩô࣬Ȼ֪
ЩȥˣڴӳҵĻ˳СŮҲ˳ҵƿء
ƱҪԺƼңȴϸܾˡһλûдǣûдҪƼҳס
ȻƼҵŮǼ޳ȥŮóȥˮͻȻҪסĸ͸Ȼ⣬ɩӺֶϱһ᲻̹
ҳͻСڵΡҪڳߴ꣬ȵȷίٿԼԺúȥδӡ

ȵƼҵʱ򣬳ԶԶľͿƼվŲٵˡΪ׵ŹȣԽʮƼ̫̫
СʱƼҳ󣬸ĸȣĸ游ϵ׽
׽һЩû취ǰȫˡ
Ϊ˲ŵĸɴ֮󣬲Ŵ
ĸͺܴˣ۾ѾˡӣԼܲµˡ
˼һæߣһ߻һߺǲ
վ˼æסȻЦŶ̫̫ĸã
첽ĸǰûüڽĸͱһԵСһţ
һӦǻػǺ̴С򵽴ģ˿˵һҪ֡
ƾϧ߹ͿҪһţæһסһ˸
˻һۣ̲סһЦĪúصСʱСʱƾϧǻųÿһζġ
̧ȭƾϧǰ£ƾϧ
ϧ磬ôˣ㻹ƫСãҲ
ƾϧεĿ˿ԼСãÿҲĿԸǰÿһƾϧƫĳʱʱررǹһһ硣
ֻȳ˼£ǰòŸովٰ˼ǵ࿴˼ҵ͡
ƼһСĹ̫̫Ҫ꣬һֱûмŸżҡ
СڹתҪ̫̫ͷһ̫̫ߵ͸סˡ
̫̫ų˰Σ۾ѾˣҲûпϵĲ֮
̫̫ĳ֣һȰĺͳ˵˼仰ʱϱůŴˡ
֮ǰǻ֮ǰƾϧ͸šΪ˲ü̫ģƾϧû˵ʲôƼ˺ò֪Ϻ¡
̫̫һ겻Ůԭͺ˵۾ʱˡæѳ͵ĲŲλƵǱȥŵϺƱæ˹
һ̫̫ǰͨһ̫̫̱ϴ
ƱῴĸõӣҲʮֲܣۿȰȽȥ˵
ƱȰ˵֮£ƾϧ̲̫̫ϣһڽƼҴš
ߵʱ򣬻ͷһۣʾڸϽǡ
һֱųĶСѾͷʱ򻹵µϹһĨЦݡ
֮Ƽҵ˲֪ϾȻͳүˣҲǰüˡ
ͨ˼£һӦ϶öˡƼȴûϵ˼һΧСο
Ϊ˲üλ˵ģϰЩ¼򵥵˵һ£ûἰͳжԼЩ顣
ƼȻҲ׺ܶ鲻ܸˣ֮ܡ
ϣϱ˵˺ܾõĻҲֱЪ˸ĸԺ
Ǳˣϵ˴˾鷿˸û󡱡
ĴƾѾʮˣͱȳһֻҪࡣƾĴȽ궼ʮˣȶԷ˲꣬Сʱ˻һֹ
ʱȽϳɵվƾЩ֮һ۵ĿųСùá
ƾڵţ֮ǰڵ֪޸ʱƾĵһǲ
֪СõˣǾĴ֮䲻Сá
Ǻͨ·ϵĽӴƾŷںʹ֮һҲһڵǲ򵥡
ĶƾãǸԸʮˡޱһԣų⼸һ˫۾һֱûʲô
ϰԸҲ֪Ȼű䣬ʵﲢʲôˡΪˤȳһȣľګԸŤ˵ԭ
һԵ֮󣬺۾ųһͨ޵һΣ˶ûеᣬС㵹Ļˡ
һŲ˼Ĳ˲ᡣ
Ǹ̲סѹСʱֺƵأɰһСްôͱˡ
ϵĶѾˣѾûˣϵЩò˶Ҳָġ
ֻԼĶˣȴû˵ԼʲôʱָǳǣֻǺջˮǶġ
ԼǷǣò֪ˣ˵ĿӻŮ˵ļʡ
ȫ̶ûô˵һƼ⼸λϤҲ֪ԼΡΪ˲СѾͷңƼҼСһҲûбֳκβ֮ɫ
ԼȢռ˴ˡΪСѾͷԸ̣ҲƼ˵ĵ⡣


 39 

ϵʱ, ˺ò״鷿ǷޣӦЪһԺŶԡ
һֱû˵һ仰ƾ, ͻȻڰŵԺĿͷ, ǱСס
СԺʱź֪ķԭҲڲ, ַʽΪء
ǺЦǸж֮ǰͶ鲢׽, һֱΪǲϲġȴûϵҲ, ֻʹĲһ
뵽ȣҲ֪ȪˮûãõĻ, ҲѶκ, ҲԸܺ
ϣƼ˺, ǱȽж츳ƾϧƾϧԺܿ״Ԫ, ڣԼ϶һõĿɽ
罿, 뵽ƿʱĲп̲ס˾˾Ϊ˿ƿ壬ȻƼҶʼ·
ĸ游ʹˣĸ۾, 游û취´, ҪƼʱ䣬úøλ˵һ塣
ȻҪλ壬ǸɴҲһ, ҲǱǶСʱ֮ˡ
뷨ڶˡ
Т游Ļӣһ̲ࡣȻ࣬Ҳ̫˱ˣһһʱʵָһ㣬Ҳܶǵеô
Щ࣬Ǵ֮ýġܶҸָ̲ÿ컻ŻƼ˲壬˳ϺҲúòһ
֮ǰϵʱ򣬳˲㱻ϲһǰ֮һһ棬ʮֻֽһȪˮ
ͲˣôһֻһΣӦòٲ˰ɡ
ȻˣΪʢһ࣬ɴ˵ڰæ˳
ϵˣȻѾȬˡϴ˵ڣͨȽϣڵȪˮӦں඼ûзӦ˺Ҳκθо
ڰˣȻգ۾ʵô
δ򱡴ʮ˵ܺúȣȼĳĶúȡ
⻰һҲ٣ζֲܲϲʳˣ̲סҪٺһ롣
һЦҲζ㡭֮ûﲻ
һ֪СѾͷСܵġʱָĻʱҪ˵ʲôˡ
ڵһκСѾͷʱǸһĵĽʹ֮һںѪ֮ǰǰֺ˼Σ˵ڶεķӦǿ֮⣬ļҲе㲻ʵĸоֲʸйʣµıǰδеůĸо
ץס֣ԭΪСѾͷԵɺ֮£ʲôõġڵһֱ󣬶Ķ϶Ƿǳϡ١
֮ǰǶ࣬ҲǰùΣΪ⡰Ҳˣû϶Ҳʣ޼
ǴʱųӣԼµпܡܶ࣬ȻСѾͷԸҲӻ
ھʱദ֪СѾͷäĿһˡĻǾԲóõģ¶ԷǶܺõƼҲС
΢΢ü㡭Ҳˣ
˵ͷûڵ˼Ƕ˵֮ĸ游
е㵣ģһκܽᱻ˲ʲôġ
ڼ˵ˣ΢ϻһ˿ûãҸոպʱֻ˿ȵģû˻ɵĲʸС
˵˿ڣϵǴˡûκβʣſĵ¶һЦ
̫ˣȥȥɡ
֮е඼ʢ˳Ȼһһװʳ棬ںͰݰš
ֱӰе࣬ൽ游ĸϳ֪Ƽ˶ϰү緹ʱͰ׼ĺõ˳
ڵʱʱĸոպá󷿺Ͷ˶ڣƾõСŮҲڡ
ĸҪȥںͰݴˡ
ĸųֵĸ
ЦһߴӰӹһʳУһЦߵĸߡ
ϿųʳУֿ˿ʳУ̲סڵôôʳУ
Ůĸ࣬ҪĸŮա뵽ﻹо˾ˣĸˣ֪һ
ĸźԣæӳӹʳǸʳС࣬ʹȡһСȻ󹧾ķ̫̫ǰ
ƾϧԭڵͷĸ˵Ļ̧ͷڿŵʳʱ̲ס΢΢ĳ˳ǡ
ƾϧڴȤһԵ̾ͿڵСã֪֪һƬТģ֪˻ΪҪء
˵ʩʩȻվȻ˳һҲЩûǷݣһһڵĺ
һʱûʲôθڣ֮ԵһΪ˸ӡԭȼ֮󣬵ΥĵĿ佱ˡʮǣ࿴ôÿζȴϵʮֺúȡ
̴꣬ԼĿģеɵ˵Сõĳ治ζի඼Ҫúȡ
˵ţҪٶһ룬ȴһԵƾϧֹˡ
ƾϧĵȥ̧֣־Ͱʣµˡƾϧһ˸游һ͵ĸǰ
游岻òܾ˷ϡǰСС룬ǿ佱˳һƬТģȻͿʼ佱ƾϧ涮£ָָСŮ̡
ҲҲܵүӸǰʼˣүһʼܼװҪιȣүűסЦ


 40 

ϿһԼСŮ, ֿһԵĶӣ̲סߵƱ˵Ů, ҷǼһǾϧĶ¡
ƱῴŶӸӶ˵, е㲻ζĿƾϧһۡƾϧ״һĨΣϴСͻǳԼӵĴס
ڰݰһʳж˹ʱ, ƾϧæǰӹʳУȻһĵûơ
ϿԼæµ, ʵе۶ӵġڴҶ, ҲֹΪæµ
϶ǰ룬Ͳ׳̫, ԭ˼˼һˡոʢһ, ֻζǳŴ, 漴̲ס˼ڡ໹е̵, ȵ֮˵嶼̲סů
˼Ǻȵ棬ζܲ, Ҳ׷׶
ƾõŮɽ꣬ҺȵӣҲҪιһڡɵĸƺϼ״æֹһԵ
ͻС, ϲʳʱĸײ, ʱĿ
ƺҲû뵽ŮޣΧ˶ɻĿæһµĿڽ͵̫ʳ, ҹﻹ˵ۣҼǾͲȡ
ԣ첽ߵɵǰЦź
֪۲ǲǻҪġڹŴûҽһ˾ʮ鷳ˡ
ɹԹԵߵݺˣ̲ס΢΢üͷ
ȷʵǣ滹Ȫˮӳ֪֡ɺ࣬Ҳᵼء
ûɺ࣬ҪǲСһ֣ʲôӦëö֮֮£ͻֻҪʲô鶼ܽ
֮Ի̫ǡĸƺǸԸģӸոƺϵӵӣ֪û취ƷСѾͷ
ȻзӶԷСѾͷϾɵĸףûȨƾƺϽӡ
ƾãƾøոհ꣬ʱƺ㲻
Լ׳ʲô˼ˣ΢΢üɵɹ
ƾõԸȽϹƧԴԼӺŮҲһԶǰûйܹɣҪƺϸո˵ס۵¡
ʵܺƾõģǳ˺֮ƾñϾѪŨˮĸףĸӻ᲻Ը׽Լ׵ģ
ɿƾñԥ˰֮󣬻СĴյǰ
ƾðСѾͷԼȻͬһ濴˿ݣȻһĿʼɽ
ƺȫһŵĿɲ»ƾòġȻƺʮǣɵƾԵĲ񻰣ƾ˵ʲôʹӦʲô
ƾüŮôҪŮӻûжգŴ۾ڵϲ
ƺȦʱˣƾͫҲƾÿǰ㷲Ůð̧ͷȻһ
ƾӣȽѾʮˣСҲʮˡӸܳԵʱԼ̲֮ס͵͵ĸ׵
ĸ׵໹ûж̲䵽ĸŴ۾ĸס
ĸ׳壬ǸʵĸҴС㡣ǰƾӣƼҵĵλһֱܸߡ
Ϳϳ࣬С⸱ģߵ˰ݸСӡ
һ֮࣬ƾʾ£һ˼ȥл
лСùõ࣬Сùúȣٺ𣿡
ǰװֵ̲סС
ʵûжõĳգ֮ԺúȵԭһΪǰĴý̵úãȪ˷ֵԵʡ
ȻˣҲ˵ֻĬĬĽ˳պǩ
Ƽһˣϸʮ죬֮ͶӼȪˮȥȵ뿪֮Ƽ˵˵ͺöˡ
磬̼ܲҪųȥ֡
ǰ̵ĽûʱǾ;͵͵ȥ档ƼҶԼĹʮݣȻС治ͳҲǡ
ѵ˸СãҪųȥĴߣ˳ȥЩкѡ
ڲĳĴܣðݺͳһƴߡ״Ҳþܾԭһȥģƺеڵӣֻʱίһ¡
С󣬱Ҳ뿪ƼңһɫҴҵӡ
ƾϧ֪ڳʱ򣬻Ҫһ˶Ҫȥģϧ书̫ˣǸٵСûԶ͸ˡ
ƾϧС˵ĻһĨǳȻ˵ڲǻˣ̲סڱлɡ
Ͼͳһǰļڣ϶Լкܺ˾ʲôǺõġ
ƾϧΪһˣû취ȫȫڵΪˣû취ȫĵİСýڡ
֮ļ죬̳ȥ棬̵ѴԸܺã֪Ҳûð
ȥ˼󣬳ԼķĽϵȥ̤ࡣ
һϣƽʱû硣һůͰݹ֣ı˻ϣſʼ׼õʳ
ȵζ֮󣬳һμȪˮůʢһɹʣµֱ͵Ƽȥ
Ҳ֪ǲȪˮã游ĸɫԺ˺ܶࡣ
̫̫ߵͽӹһ߸˵ֱʳоͽҡ
̫̫֮ͭǰ;Լ۾࣬ʱΪԼ˻þʱžԼϵԼܿԼϵߡ
̫̫̲סʵҵ۾ƺöˣȻȥ濴
԰һͰѳ˳Ҳ̫̫үӣƺ֮ǰࡣ֮ǰһֱܶүӣҹﻹԼء
ͣϷˣūɫ࣬ҹ˯ǰࡣ
̫̫ܲҪ˵ʲôʱϵүͻȻ˶
̳үӿȥͼүͻȻȻķվ˶ʱһһԵĴѾҲɵˡ
үӣʲô˵ͺóԵ𣿶أ

 41 

̫̫۾ʱ, ΡΡվ㡭ôվˣôվˣ
үһ£æͷһ, ŷԼȻվˣͻȻһ, һԵĴѾڻعһѲүӵĸ첲, ûүӾһˤ
ү֮ź֪ļ, Ҹոպվˡ
ͣү, Ǻվˣ
̫̫æк, ȥһҪǸʲô, ǲ˵үʹ, Ժ¶û취վǡǸոô£
̫̫ŵʱ, үڴѾߺ͵İ£ٴβΡΡվȻһûиոһ˳үȷʵվˡ
ͬʱ, ԭҪŮȥ˼ʰƾã߳ԼԺתˡ
ƾüǷϵֻţոͻȻһĸо̲סԼЬ, ֻεĽſ˰Ρ
ƺΪĽŲ, æҪȥҴȴƾÿֹˡ
ƺԭӾͱȽСôֻƾһŮ, һֱʮֵûе
ʱƾ粻СʵĽŲ𣿡
ƾ̧һۣһηӣ˫΢һ㡣
ƾãû£߰ɡ
ȵƾõ游ĸʱ˲඼ѾˡҪŮǰͷֽ游ĸܿĵӡ
̲סƳһһԵƾƾһ֮ǰ˵ˡ
ƾĻ̲֮סһԼĽš֪ǲĴܾԼĽƺ
ƾûаԼ뷨˵ڣתһԵϣǸκ˶ӡ
ûйǰ游ĸ˵ˣҪڳȥ̤ȥȻûȴѾˡ
ȽСˣæкɹȥһŵζˣ˼ܹȥԵʮֵĲ֡
ʱкȥȹЦе˹ȥ
ɣ磬ʲôζ㰡
ȽССèӣ̲סСѾͷıӡ
ùҵİ˱ζˡ
һԵҲԶԣСù㣬ҴûкȹҸողԼͷȥ
æʿˮһԵСȲĺ
ǸԸɺȵζģ̲סԼ촽
ĸ׿ӣСǾôĶûǽڲԸĸСӣǽڽθڲø˴ӡ
ǶԳǵĳĶɾСθͱȱֻܳԼĳĶÿ游ĸҲôԸ⶯ӵġ
Ƽ˶˽ƢϰҲͲôˡأ͸Ӳˡ
ԭûôĵģֻȽ׽˵塣Ϊ˲Եú˱ˣŸɴ˵һˡĳԵĺȵ涼ȪȪΰٲա
˭Ը˭ɵӣȻ˼ϸҪǸɵӣҲ˼˼Ұ
Գ֪ɩԸĶҲûϸȰԷ
ƾӵһҲû˹ֿϧģ־Ҫ˹Լˡ
ϼ״ʱüһѰס󣬾ͰƵһԵȽǰ
ƫԼӣǲԼȱĶŮ˻Сá
ƾͱȳһ֣Ƽ³ʱƾǰѳ׹Ůġ
ӣƾʱʱ߶Сã˵ССһֻɰɵĻȻãٻеӦ
ƾϵƲǣҲԼôˣôö˶˵ˣ
Ƚǰָһ룬ֵЦеĺƾֻһԸɰͰ͵Ŀţ̲ס
Ƽһڷʱ򣬳뿪ƼңֱʮƬ滨ֶȥ
֪֮Ƭ滨֣Ϊǰ˵Ҫȥ滨ʱҪڳȥߡ
ǵ滨ֵʱѾмˣǳͻˡ
ڷų˾ͷ۹ȥѩһ滨ڼżзӹʱѩ׵Ļ֦ͷ׷£ʱ滨Ѿһѩס
̲ס̾Ư
ڼһ˫۾ģһ߸һһߵϲԺҲʮ滨
ڼ˵üҪǲϲ滨Ҳʮһ
ҡҡͷʮһʮ滨ʮﺣĻǿ϶ҪѲͽǮ
ԴӳԼ;ǮǷǳҪĶǮ˷ЩϣǮǮ㹻Ǯǲиõıϡ
ԺںԺּþˡ
֪ȷʵǮǰݲͬǰʲô¶Ǯ˶ῴλ֡
ھͲһˣڲû֮ǰˡԺǼʲô飬˲ΪǾ㲻ˣǰһз㡣ԺõǮĵطܶ࣬ɻǮˮԸ
ƺǲ˳С˼̲סָ
ڣģǲӵġ
˵ž֣ǰ滨ȥ
һ浽ŻȥͳȥԺ·ϣԥһ»ǿڵҪ뿪һʱ䡣
ԭãԽµĲһ٣һתͷ
Ҫȥʲô
ڿСѾͷƵĿ⣬ԥһ²ſڵǰӵʦϢٻһֳǡʦѾܾûиϢˣͻȻϵҿ϶ʲôҪ顣
֪ڵʦ˵һ书ǿˡ
֮ǰһֱϵ㣬ͻȻҪ㡭᲻թһһǱµأ
ǳ̫ɣΧкܶ࿴ĵˣʵǲߡ
ΣգȪˮڵǡһǧ֮£ǲϳҲ
ڿ˵һǴҪȥˡ⸱ᶨģʱһ˿ѹ뷳ꡣ
Һһȥ
ڣС
ʵԼҲȷһǲʦҲһĻóһꡣ
ʦ˵ɽûʦĽ̵ڻǸܳӡ


 42 

Բһǲʦ˼, ڶҪȥһֳǿġ
ڣ㲻ȥԹһ
̫˽ڵƢ, , һ¹ΣϣǾԲյġ
֪Լı䲻, ֻһʲԸĿֲֵá
ڼ⸱õģ, ̲סһĶ, ǰסС֣ŵ㱣֤, Իᰲȫ
ϻصԺ, Ҳһֱʮֵĵ䡣Ҳ֪ǲĴ, ܾһλȥΣա
ϸĹϷ֮, һͽ˽ӿռ䡣ǷһСƿӣȻƿװȪˮֿ֮ʼһķ䵹
յõӿռʱ, ǵÿռԭŲٵıʱԼòЩͰʮСĵİǶղ
Ӹ﷭ӣȻһɫĺһ
׺Сƿӳ, 㱧˴ϡֻϣ, ܹķһܰȻ
ڴϷȥð죬̲ס͵͵˳ȥ
ҹɫŨ΢ҹ, һյС첽ǰšҲ֪Լôˣرڣڵ
ڸһƴ飬ͻȻ⴫еôˣʲôʱǺܿ뵽ʲôæ첽ſȥһƿţȻͿվ⡣
СѾͷһ˹ģź磬СһյůƵĹϣһ㵭ɫĹ⡣
æְСѾͷȻСѾͷе֣ʮε˵ôڹˣ
ڵӰʮָߴȫסĳһƴΪֻһڣһ˳ڻ
ͦεӰʱһæ˻ӣʾһƴӴڳȥһƴĵίĿϴһۣȻŵߵ߷˳ȥ
ҪҲߡ
˵ţ˫ֱڽʵСڵĻ˲䡣
ȫӽӲˣȷһƴȥ֮һ߹˷һ߱СѾͷСѾͷôϲʱΡ
ڱųһϣⷽҺܿͻģȰĵסƼƼҵչ㣬Ҳ΢һġ
ҲԼ¶࣬͸ճ˵Сһ׽סڵʵǡҪ뿪ã
ԥһ££¡
ôã
еεĿԼСѾͷʱ򣬴޿κε״
ڲ˵ˣңңҾͷߡ
˵ţСԼƤԽԽˣÿһζҪڲŻΪѵ׽һ
Ҳ֪⣬һġϲռıˣڵȴ˾ӡ
Ժųһ˫˸ţʵҲҪСѾͷˣС̫ɰˡ
ֵһ׽ԼƲסԼӦģҪԲԲΪԳ㣬һӻԼسŵ
ԼˣɲΪĿʱе߳ŭˡ
һժڵߣ¶ֳֿªȻھȵĿ֮£ſһҧڵıϡ
ڵĴе̬һ֮ľ룬úñԹһڲ䲻̬ȣڵı׷Ĵݺݵ
գƼҼλǱ𣬳͵˳⡣ϵİ֧Ű׼õĶó
һҪţ˯ϴҲҪϡ
ԴȥͿȰһƿӷŵˡ
ü֮ǰҳԵǸ
֪ʮִû˵ʲôͲµˡ
Ȫˮʹ÷Լʹʱļɻ䶼ȻְǼ׷ŵ
ھһӣҵ˻ӵˣǶҪڵһλȥ£ֻܶÿռɳĶ
ڣҪסˣǱİΣҲȥա
һֱ֪СѾͷȻǾСѾͷȵȻڸû뵽ǣСѾͷΪһôĵһһ¶ǰ
ͻȻе㺦£ûǼ޸һ֮ˡƾЩǸ˿϶̰֮ġ˵Ϊ˵õԳ
ڣɵѾͷ´βˡ
е㲻⣬գ۾Ŀ
ڼ״ֵ㲻Ӧðʲôңôɵң㲻𣿡
ڵ˼֪ڹ̲ס˹ЦΪڣ֪㲻˺ҡ
ȫµ˶ᱳΨԲᱳ
Ļ̹̣ͬʱĵΡ


 43 

ôԸ뿪, ڻһ뿪ˡûоܾĺ⣬֮ǰ׼Ķˡ
ԭڲ, Ҫ״ԼϡǳȰ˰, ĥӲ´ˡ
ֶʺϵĻ书ˡһ书, ܹµ˺ԼҲһ书, ΣյĻҲӲ˵Ϊı, ˵ע
пռŵڣΣ, ܶ㵽ռﱣԼ, ׻Ǹʺá
뿪֮, һʧ˺ü, ӱ֮л
˲ӻĵƼҲǳĴ˼ңһʩࡣ
ƾϧΪ˲Сö, ⼸һֱųĴʩ࣬ҲΪƼƻˡ
һգ࣬˸һƬ֮С
ŷ, ŴɴĶ, ͱһڳſʩࡣ
һε̫࣬ǳղôˣԴûܽǡΪǲ·϶, ĳĴ˼Ҷʩ㡣
ƼȻ㲻Ǵ壬ʳõġƾϧҪμˣͨһԺƾϧΪ֮·ҲвС⼸ƾϧûж飬һֱΪæǰæġ
ǵһμôΪԼǸʯĳˣǵǰһݵݣһ¿ĺӵʱ򣬳̲סоһܡ
һĳţܶ鶼岻ġǵһֻģҲǵõʱƼ߷ʲôһʧȥеϵ
ڵڶ񵽴︮ǵʱ򣬳͢ɷʳҲ˽϶سǡ˳͢ļʱΧسϵѹҲһЩ
һգƾϧ֮ǰ죬ų̳˳ǡһδ򣬴;˲
ֻ˳һƴͰˣʣµʮ˶ƼҵĻԺСġ
ƾϧȻಡʵҲһȭŹֺ࣬˲ٳȪˮʳ֮ǰɵƷһҵ
ƾϧǵͣڹٵԱֲٸǵפؾڣҲĴû¡
ƾϧȴȻѳòתȥкλ
һƴѹźţţװĴҩģЩҩڿϡȱţҩģѾԭҩĵıļǮˡһƼҿѪֻΪ˸ƾϧԺĹ;·á
ڹŴڸ棬ƼֻƾϧгϢƼұеԴֻƾϧԺɻڴˣƼҲܸһϺӡ
ʱƾϧҲǰæµģȻƼҲƴ֣ƾϧʵ̫ҫۡƼ²࣬ƾϧȴƾһŮͨɱϾһĳʣһԾڶĻɡ
Ϊƾϧ̫ҫۣǵΧٴĲûڱ˵Ự˵ƾϧֻ῿һƻġ
ƵĻԭСﻹܵƾϧ롣ȥοƾϧʱȴƾϧ˵ڮ١
ƾϧ׾֪ԼòΪ˸ܼ˵ĿкϲСʱûԼ衱
ƾϧʲôеȨĸĸедӱ˵ͷԣе
ȻǶԿƣվڱ߱õϡôΪʲôеĳò
ƾϧԼǵͼϱûоԵĹƽԡֲһɵӣŲ˷Ŵ
Ƽҵ˺ܿǵӴãݶһҽͰץҩҩĻͽ˳˵
·ߵС¯ǰһע¯Ļһ߸ߵһûһ˵
⼸˲٣ƽûûεӣʵǸǳĹÿοЩĺӣ̲ס͵͵ĵᡣĳԵ쳣ˡ
ƾϧͯˣһ˱һӴǻĺͶ󣬴ĿʮңСֻӡ
ƾϧѻĺӽҲԷϵ˿ڣʮİӲϴ˿ڡ
ǰǹ¶ԭЩرģǵҲһƬˮ
æȻʱһȫñµĹźƺƵһȺ˳
ߵһŮһĿ˿ϢȻ첽ߵƾϧǰ
Ů΢΢°͵ƹӣҼҹ빫˵ӻū澳һˡ
ƾϧ̧ۿһۣŮƾϧƯʱܿƿ¡
ͻȻеԼҹˣƼǲƾԷһһȷʵֵԼҹ¼޵
ƾϧ֪æΪ˷ûдǴһ˵·ʱϵ·ˣϲ֪ĵʱļ˴Ƭ
ɨ˶Էһ֮󣬱㴹³۽ëûʱ䡣
ŮȻû뵽ƾϧʶ̧٣ҵԹǸƾϧˣǿȴôҲ
Ůԭ·ʱײҩ̡Ҷƾϧδү˵ʲôȴһҲںС
ŮüҰѾͷ·۵𣿡
ǸƢ̧־ҩڶԷͷϡƼȻ壬ҲǼｿģʲôʱһҲҳԽѵˣ
ƾϧ״æǰһѴҩ롣ŮΪƾϧˣҪĳڷ̣ƾϧҩĶɲ˷һϡ
һЦһֱ֪ԼҸͶȴû뵽ϧ


 44 

ŮȻû뵽ƾϧ˵, һ϶ʱǵͨ졣ŭĵƾϧΣֻת뿪ˡ
һ˻, ̲סüͷŮ״æ첽߹, ȻѸոշ¸
ƳһۣŮûʮֵĲ, ȹԼ߽СŮɫ׵һ£æҲ˽ȥ
ʱѾ˲, һ, ͱһŵζѬüͷ
һ̧סԼıӣһ߷ɿѰƾϧӰܿ㿴汧źӵƾϧ, æһϲĳƾϧķȥ
ҩʱ, պþͿһĻһ, ̲ס̾һջˮ, ŶҩСĵĳȥ
ߵƾϧǰƾϧһֱæչ˵ĺӣ˾ҲҪְæ
ļŮ״, æǰһסԼҹ֡һͷԸߵŮѹĶߵడҪƹӵĻ, ūǰˡ
֮ǰǸֺŮ, Ҳ̵Ȱ԰ɡ
ƾϧһ۶, ̲ĻְǶ˳ȥ
СƾϧתƣƾϧƢ˽ġƾϧϲˣСƢҲϲ˵ֺ
һתͿһʱˣԳš
ԭԳʮе⣬֪Ѿˣ˼Һͷʮֶ֮Գĵɢˡ
ʱͻȻӰæЦŹȥֽӹҩ
ãɣô࣬һϢϢɡ
Թ˹ǣͷϰµñ̲סڵƺ̫ɣ
æҩֻȻŻŵ˳ȥôһأֲƾϧԸ࿴һۣԭҵġ
ٴλʱͷϵñժˣһ·
뵽ոյļŮ̬ȣԭΪҲǸ۾ϵģȴû뵽ԷƺƢ
ĺϷ֮һ˵ʱһæµҲûʱλˡ
ȵǰвҩù⣬Ѿ˰ˡһƴ˰Ѷʰˣͼæǻ˸ǣڳ⡣
ſˣſڰݵԺ˯ȥˡҲûʱˣֻű۾úϢϢ
֮ļգƼɺæ
ƾϧûٴȥ˵ԽԽˡƾϧһɧңʱû취סá
ҲûųȥǼƼҸǵ塣
游ĸԺࡣǶ˵պãλ˳ԵıȽϺãŮϲãǵŻһºôࡣ
ȻֻƾòôΪԼԽԽõķȣԼСõҩ⡣Ȼ֪СҩʲôʱӦǺܺõĶ
ƾÿǳĬԵӣʵʲôɵӡȻСòԸ˵Ӧ˵ԭֻҪСòǼҵˣƾԸܡ

ºڹһ˻صֳǡٽǵʱһϮ
ϵ˼ȫˣֻϵ˰̻ûȫȬһƴɫ˰̡֮ǰɲȣڵѾöˣΧ˰Ѿǳ˺ܶࡣ
ûо˵ƣҲûκιˣһ·ϼ˵ɱ۾
ȵȻǺ⴦ɱȽϣֳڵҹƽ͡
ڳŰׯȥʱһͬһӰ΢΢üͷǵӰûҹɫ֮С
ȵںò׷ԷʱԷһ۵СԺȥ
ǼģСʱʦ߼ʦһǽ֮еˡ
ԷڸĽŲһ£ͻȻͣ½Ųһ壬һӲԥˣɿ׷˶ԷĽŲ
ڣǰʦ壬öôᡭ
ڰѻ˵꣬ԷѹѹͷϵĶҵӣﲻ˵ĵطʲôĵطǵʦɡ
ȵڸŶԷҵʦʱʦ˿ܲá
ڱǰһĻһʦ书ж˭񽭺֮ܰʦ˳ûмڲ֮ǰ׷ʲô
쿴ڰȻæ̧ʾǰǸ֮ǰڴ·˼״˷䡣
ȵߵǰͻȻһץסڵһ˫ڳƶ
죺Ƕ
ڵµһĨȣҪ˵ʦô֪£Ļڸˡ
죺ѶΪʦΪʦԸϴȥϵԩЩĽʿһ
￩һ£Ƕҵģһԥ˫ַϡ
ǡǶǳģû취ųĶˡ
ƺĹǣԲҰ׵һĨЦ⡣
ǶͲǳҵģСѾͷҵ˶ѡǶԭΪʦģ㻹ΪʦҲԭˡ
ȻڻǲԸɿˡǳ͸뵽ʱͶı飬ڵľû취תѶˡ
쿴ӣ̲סеĵ˵ĶͷСӣΪһѾͷΪʦˣ


 45 

ڿ, ǵһ䣺ʦǸ
Ÿѵ촽Լͽʹµ, Ҳ֪Լ̫ļ, ڵʮΪѡ
΢΢ĬŶڵ, ΪʦļˡΪʦȥһ˾֮, Ȼϴԩġ
Ҫ, ΪʲôԸ
Ȼûм£Ƕλ´Ż֪һġ
Ϊ, ǸԸʮ֮ˡʱսպ, ¶Ҫ֡
Ψһź, Ϊ˵޷, ϥһֱûһӡ
ʵΪ˰ο£ԼһλӺ͹͵ʵϥ»Ӻ͹жʮȫóȥܳĺӡ
ǸӺ͹ҲȽ϶, ûΪסѹıȹֵܽûá
ϾʵôĻӺ͹еĻʵǲסǵ֡ڹﵱܳĻ壬סܾĳ谮
첢ûи, Ϊʲôʦ, ҹֳǣһլûü
֮ǰϮһȺӵǵȲˡڸһ, ȥϱϣԼͣȥ

ڳ뿪ʱ䣬ֳǹúܲá
ǱҸ˳ûͳҵıӻֱвӵҪΪ檡
ǸԼߵˣԸ˵檡۵ֳƶһСԺӡ
ԭҪҵȻ취뿪ֳǵġһ֪ﱻڵūƫԶط֪µʱ򣬼ֱ͸ںͳ
ֱɲԼдǰеĹƵϡ
۳˺ںͳ֮⣬޳ôĳү޵ǰϳŵĸ塣
ǲԸô䵽ڵĵزֱߵ˺ؤФòҪﻤţĲʲô
ڳΪһֻزʱͻȻһ˰СԺ˳
۱͵Ǹǰʱŷֽ˾ȻӣһμĴʱŵ˶˵ϡ
۵ǻ˷ܣȻĴþ
ߵһŮǰĹ۵°ͣһ˫˵ĺ΢΢
Ů˽Ц£ҵĹǲֲڵῴ
ǽԲûпȥ΢΢üͷҪץסǸ棬ɲֵطŮģ
ʲôûмǸһĹûа˼ҷһСС̻֮ŮҪڵǰδ޵ĻŮ˸ûǰ
ŮһŤ޹ǵ֫ߵӵߡ
ūⲻū⼸ֳǣ˵˲ٹڵءоСڵδ޲Ը޸ȳª׽޵¡
Ů˵ţĿڵϵĳϡ۲֪ʲô˼ԭһұŨŨĲ
Ů̧żָָ۵˱ڵδޣǿ
Ů˵ŴյӶߣѹԼ֮ʲôҲˡ
۵һ˿Ц⣬Ů˵°һ£ãͰո˵죬ҵҪʱôѡ񣿡

գۼ䣬¹ȥˡ
ûеȵڵϢƼ˼һӣǰˡ
һϣ游ĸҩ֮󣬾һ뿪ˡ
ƾС뿪ıӰ̲סһԵƾϧǸڵô£
ƾϧɨӵˣڵ鲻õŴҵ˵ֻǳƾ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ƾǶɤӣҲ֪ʱᵽڣֻһƵı͡
ƾߵϼ״˲עƾһţٹܳڵ顣
ǰ˹һˣ⽻ڵܸӣ취Ƽҵıߡ
ϵг͢ˣ֮ǰǻƼҵʱǱһֱûκζʱͻȻܹʧĸµʱ䣬ϾͲòһЩ
ڳʲô£ͷ֮ǰڵĹôΪͳ˰˼Ҿ졣
⼸һֱûϢãƼһᱻۡ
ȵǴ游ĸԺϾ֧˼ӣƾļɽǱߡ
ƾһĿȫҪʲô?
Ͽɵӣ޵̲סݺһ¡
ǱߵϢ˵һҪˡ
ƾɫһףæϢ˭ģɿ𣿡
ƾȻ÷ܲ⣬óúڸܺáĳʲôµĻǱһǳķǳѹ
ϣϢǾ˾ǱߴģҸұ֤ǧȷġҪڵܻܿ֡ǱΪ˲ңѾӦҪýȥˡ
ƾһ亹˦ϵ֣һŭĵôҪ飬ôڲŸң
ƾ˵תҪߣòеһסˡҪȥʲôǲܲͣҲͲˡƼҺͻǰʲô㣬ҪƼҸ𣿡
ƾҲԴС
ˣָƾıǴûмĴ
Һͻǻûм˼أҪ˼ҵϸˡ
ƾҪƿʱһͻȻ
磬ɩ˵𣿡
ƾԣæķȥͿƾϧ㶵վڲԶ
һǳɫĴѩһļһ˿̬İףƯ벻


 46 

Ȼƾϧһֱ̫ϲ, ڸ䲻СáҲûڴڻ£ȻԼõע
ƾϧΪʲô, ҲԸСˡСʮϲ, Ϊ˲ñѹƾϧҲϣڻ¡Ȼϣһ, ʵȴһ¡
ƾܵı飬ԭͰ˵ϴһĨǡ֪Сø, ʱϢһܵġ
ƾϧƾһ, ˵粻ӣæ°ڳ̵ԺӶȥ
ƾ״Ҫ׷ȥ, һαһסˡϺ۾㲻Ϊ, ҲΪһǡ
һᵽȽ, ƾµĲӶʱסǰ, ԲԼ뺢ڡ
һС꣬Ժʯ·ʪ, ΧҲһɵζ
ƾϧĽŲɿ죬ֻӿͷϵһ֦֦ϵˮ˦һ
ûиоһǰȵĻ, ͳ·ǰԺӱȥ
ʱѾصķ, ڴǰů߶߶˵ʲô
ݶһ̳ĵĽûüѵ͵ǰһӰͻȻĴ˽
ʶ˵, ̧ΪצҪץ˵Ĳӣһ̧ͷͶƾϧſ
ݻæջԼ֣Ҫƾϧƾϧȴûƹſڵ䡣
ɫҴҵƾϧеֵʵ磬ôˣ
ƾϧ΢΢һѩ׵ϴһ˿Ρ첽ǰһסֱۣȻڳɻĿ¿ڵʰһ¶ھ͸ߡ
ůһۣƾϧ֣ʾ˵
ƾϧżҲʲôˣһųߣһ̧кůϽʰ¡
ƾϧǳˣҪڳҪץס㵱ѱ
ƾϧߵʱ򣬾ͨƾϵĻµĲ³ǰ
֮ǰƾϧ˵ڵ鶼ǱݵġǱݵģЩΪնݳ϶Ҫɱڡ
֮ǰųĻǰȻλȨأҲûеʲô˶ϵĵز
ֱϵĻڿ϶ڵ˻ңǻҵҪڵ
֮ǰ֮ԻúõģӦ˼ɵǸոϻ˼Һ͹Ǳߴöˡ
ûҺ͹ıھһûõӡҵҪֱ˵׾١
ͻȻҵƼ϶ڻûץڣҪóڳ
һƾϧĻʱŵһˤƾϧæסûóˤڵϡ
һԵůͰæǰһְѳһ£һ˸Ͻʼæҵʰ
ݣ˲ҪģȻҵƼǾ˵ǻûץү
Ե˵ͷǵģǵĿڡ֮ͻȻҪԸǾ˵ڻû¡
ڲܼƼˣҲܱЩ˸ץ뿪
æվ԰ݵȥȥĸҲϡҲƼҴ鷳
ҲʲôԺܿͰѶʰˡϰݱƼˣҪ͵͵Ӻ뿪ǰŸմӺųͻȻðһȺ
ʱһҪƻغͷֺűĹˡ
ϴĿźţͻȻʶɱץסѵƼҵй
ȳյĺͻȻٴδˡƾϧһ˳ƾϧսս˿˵̡
̿ΧôˣȻһĻŵòᡣǷɿĵڳǰһֿ޹Сһ
̵ãոպŲǹصģû˼Ǵ󡭡һµˣ龰ŵˣԲš
ǰС̣ʱ˵ʲôоʵƼǣҲԹǵġ
˵ıܣԼѡһյ·ƼȷʵӦñǣ
֣ǸϽȥ²ֵܲġ
2020㰮Ӵ
ףСʹǣµһ󼪴66˳ҸԲѽڲѽǮС

 47 

̺۾ҲҪ, Ҳߡ
Ȼ֪׷ʲô֪, ԺҲˡ
˵ʵ̵ʮֺ, ǿŹ¿ıùã̻ǹǰ
ϼ״ʮָж, ̸ԸȥֻתͷһԵƾϧϧ, , ýȥʱǺֵʱ򡣡
ƾϧԿһ, Ҳøһ¡Ѿ, ҪûȥҲˡΪȺѾѵص, ǼŸΧסˡ
һƴĿ, ʾⰬݻסˣǾҲ÷˳¡
ݼ״¶˾ģַɿĳȥȴγذ׵˲, һѸץסˡ
ɻĳųȥͼҡҡͷʾʱҪ
ȻҪץסԸڣǾ˵ڻҪ򲻵ѵʱ, ϣκΪ
һݵ, ӡ̫ˡոһݵı飬̲סеһĲ
ʱһŻṫӣȺ˳Էһɫĳ, ͷҲŽӲӵķڣ˸һֳĸо
˳ʶڵĸWӣʮǰڵĹϵͺܲá
WĿڳɨһȦԶԶĿųˣһͱû겻ġȻʱʱһǵĺڰ߸ĵˡ
Ȼ˵ˣȢһ˹ֵϱʼղŶԷĳ
Ͼó۳úƯóͳǽãܶ˵Сʱ򳤵ʮ񣬳ٳܳȥ( ? ?? ?)?
Ȼ˿ųWæı˱Լ۾ȻѸٵİԼĿƿ
ʵѾöˣǹԼͿģǵԼ鷳
Wı飬̲סһҡWĿWɲὲǲĵã϶ȼ𲻹֮ġ
WǶߣ
һ£Χ˶ʱΧ
ݺůʱסͷˣƾϧҲæ
ҪȥץһԵĳһƴһˡ
ܿƺ˶һơųһƴǰ彣һݺҪȥһƴĽ
һƴһ۳ǣֻгһ˵ĻܴųߡôˣǴų뿪ˣǱŭ֮¿϶˺ˡ
һƴĥĥŲʲԸİ彣˳ȥ
˼һƴʶȤư̧°ĳһƴȻһڣʱǵΧһЦ
һƴԴӸ֮󣬻ǵһ⵽衣սϣҲԸⱻԸ񣬿Ǵ˿ȴΪ˱ˡ
ڳŲҲ̶õ̽ο˵ģɳڵòǵøWһļλ۾ֱˡ
Ƽҵֵܸߣ˵ϡѾʮ꣬Ϊ¸ŴĹϵʮòˡҲΪʲôôүִôԭ
һЦߵWǰѹW֣֪мλŮ˭ŮòյﻹҪò
WҲϣҲòϵݺΣ֮ץˣҲö֮¡
ȻһҲƼңҲΪһŮˣƼһӶɱˡϾ飬һ˵ĶʱҲס
Ƽһһƾϧģ˺ǰ̫Ĺŵӡ̫һֱѹöԷ̫μӿƿԷڹͳ״Ԫˡ
WȰ㣬ǲҪΪá
ǹɨWһۣȴûаWĻϡΪWһϣԲŹ˵Ļ
λӵˣھЩһֱôѫҪӵӶ֡
Ͳˣһͨ˼ҵŮӣõĵ
ŵʱ򣬾ͳ˹ȥȫûаWľϡ
˴ȥǹͻȻ˹־Ҫֱ§ϵ
ϱɵˣ˲ǹӻ
״ŭһ̧־ͳŶԷ˦һ⡣
ӱ˦һ⣬һ£־ҪȥץͷȫûҹӸеķȡ
Ը⿴ųԿһץסԷһźݺ˶ԷĶϡ
ݻһȭŹһʮǹֱ߷˳ȥ
Ⱥ˼ͻȻһγ嵶һӵϡ
һƴǳ˲ӰһΣһѶԼ彣գ۾˳ǰ
WҳһŵˣԳãȰǻǲҪνõһǡ
Ц컯֮£ǾȻ顣ҾֱҲȺ⣡
һ̣W˴뿪ǣʱûƼǣǾ취ˡ
ȴû뵽Ⱥ˸Ҵĸ׵⣬һ컯֮£ֱһ
WȻû뵽ĳ⸱ڵģ㶵Ŀ˳Σ뵽Ӹǻ׽ƼſڣʱͲøӽˡ
W˵ЦˣĸֻӵûһңϾúܳôʱ䣬ûлҼ̫̫
һƼǰĽȫĿWٸݣҺڿûĸ硣


 48 

Wһ˿պ, ųĿɭɭ⡣֪ôʱҺƼһô, ĸĲ˵ˡ
, вң
WܹԹ, ôֵѿ
ʱǸɵϵĹӣѾ˴ӵϷWڸϻ, ʱŭİһ˵ĵ, ͳİݳ˹ȥ
W״һ
ƾϧ̽ů, 첽ǰ˳ǰ̧־Ͷһ˵ĵ, һʹ˹ĵ
ӱƾϧһ, ˶ɵ㶵ɵԭء
ƾϧ, ɲǾö֮ˣͲµ˸ǵĹ𣿡
˵ǿѹͷ, һҲҪǵĹԱֱ档
WȻƾϧ˼Ǵʱ˿Ѿﻢˣž˶, ҲŹ
W, ̫˼ҵϣ¸ƼûϵӲҪٶ¡
ƾϧոҪھܾ, ͱһѡ
磬űȥǲܲ֡
ƾϧԸ뿪״ûҪߵ˼ĵ׼W
W״䣬ʱԶһݻϣŻŮ
һ۾Ϳ˳ۣۿűŰΧĳƯһĨ޵Ц⡣
˵ֱۣ̬ǵС£ǸĽˡ
ܿҲӣҲĿⶨĿ
ӵʱ򣬾֪һڽˡôҲû뵽ӻΪ˶Ըһˡ
߶ʱͱ˫ƯӻһǵһμƯһ˫۾
֮ǰΪ˵ڵ飬ӶڳҲ֪١а¶һǵȻδ׵ȵȡ
ųű˵۵һĨϧ֮ɫûб٣˫Ŀ۾еˡ
ӴųߵWǰWЦ˵ģ»
Wɫһףæӵͷ
ǹӼˣʱ涼ˡæܵ߸״֮ǰ鶼ӡ
һ֣ðһȺˣЩ˶ӵˡǰСȫסһӾ͸ߡ
ӵܳڸǣɼ϶֪ˣȻҲû취ô˽ǡ
ָ۾Ưˣ͸ڵ
ڿӵʱƾϧʱˡӾʦԹҲסСˡ
ӵĻʱݵӰʶĵסͼԼסе˺
ǹԶʱϲӿҪǰʿҪ۾ոճִСү
ƾϧҪ߾ӺЦˣıҪļҪ
ӵ£ƼҵĺűصƿƼһڵ˱ų
һ϶ŵ׵Ҳס˲ӡ
ɿ޺ţ壬ңҡ
ƾϧɫ˲ɷףϸŵò˹ȥ
㶵ĿǰһУ뵽һȴû뵽Ӳ
ϿҪڿ˲䣬ĺΪ㣬Ϊ㣬ƼҶɨϣ
ƾ״Ҫ죬ϧѾŷˣԼӲϵĵȫû֮ǰĶׯͻݣ˿һķƵġ
˵ˣڸϣƫƫԸҵġȫҶҪˣǻ
űϳ游ĸûϵһλĿͷȻ۾ȥ
ǲܣŽŵƼұǣ
һеĺӦе
ʾⰬݺͳһƴҪҶƼҵΪ¡
ݺͳһƴ״ʱۣҪȫԼġ
Ǵ˿ƼҵӣǲĿƼұҲû취ų¡
ӼʶȤǹһĨЦݡ
ǸӼ˹ȥһץסͷû˳һ¡
ƾϧ״Ҫǰֹȴһ˲䣬Щʿ첲ϸһ
ĲҽƾϧʱŵòҶˡǶԸ治ɫķǡǶ޹ĺӡ
ƾϧڿʱֻؿһʹǰʱһƬѪɫ
̼ƾϧɫһףʱŵ磬磬ôˣ
ʶҪͷȥȴһס°͡
Ķʮִ³ȫû취Ů˶Դıˣ㲻úùĹԼ
˵űӹһذףų˫۾Ҫȥ
ʱһϤ𣬡𶯣
̫ϤˣϤ˼ĺôá
Զʱ󱳣ȻֻзӶ߲һĶ˹ӵ۾
ֻԷĲҽȻ˾ͱһƴȺ
ڸոǹ̫ԷѪɽϣæ̧Ĳ˲ƺʲôµණƵġ
һƴɿųȺʱŷӵ棬ΧһȺ׵ľ
ڿ֮ŹһԵݶһھͰˣæ첽߳˹ȥ
ͬʱһӰȺգ۾Ƽˡ
ݼ״´ɣֽǰһˣȻӵ˵ľ롣
һƿڲҽеĹӣԭСȺɢĳڵķȥ
΢΢߹°ͣڣôĵӣȻԱӵ˶֣
Ȼش˲ڣǸߵһŵ
⻰ͲˣȶӱƲѲŶ˵ġ


 49 

ӣ
ʵֻһֵ, һֱûԼĺӣϥµҲǻʵ۵ġ
ԡ
һֱûб, ڿǸ֮, ϳһ˿Ѻۡ
¶飬εұۡ, ʵѾʮˡʱĴսľʦ
¶һű׼, ˿ʮֺദӡֻҪϤ˶֪, ¶˲ʮСǳ˲СĵǸ˾͵Ų֪֮ڵĿ
¶ͻȻ, ֽ, г
Ӷʱ뵽һ, ̲ס΢΢鴤һ¡ͲһͲһ, ܰˡ
ڱĻҪȻȻҡһӣȻӣ
Ȼӵݿƺѹһͷ
ǻʵкܶ, ʵϲ̫˻ӣֻп޵Ĵڡ
ھͲһˣϲϲӣΨһѪ
þֶ, ټӼʮ, ʵۿҲᶯڡ
֮ɺϲӡ˵˵Ϊԩ֮ǰͱ
ʱӵ, ĶһܳӡʶһӣŬĳڼһѿЦ
ӣû뵽û뵽ԭǴˮڡԣӦúһܵܲǡӵܵܣոĲԣӵܵܲҪƽϲźá
һĸոո߸ϵ̬ȣԳƶıӱңɼԼ̬ŵжˡ
Ȼȴȫ飬ֻǴСĵĸϵѪɾˣͿĺڵҲˡ
֮ǰóίĶһСûбû͡ȻΪ˱ѡͻȻðı˸ǳûбҪٰС˹ˡ
¶һԼ̵Ŀ⿴ڣ֮ǰھоڼΣǸʱ;е
ϧǸʱ֪һũŮһ¶ˮԵȻͰ쵽ǰˣ֮ҲܵôĥΣա
֮ǰڴȥʱȻƣҪûǸĸһŵĸס
Ҹ֮ĸо˼ûô˵ԼһĸоָʮİȴǿҵԺӡ
ĸţΪ׵үҲʮĮûĸ۰޾Į֮г
ͻȻʱڵһӦҪνǿǰĸߴˣȴôҲû취ýԷ
ѾʮһڣΪһʯһĳ鼤Ǹд
¶ӵɫܲãһ˫۾Цӵ£үһǣΪ˽ؾһ¡
¶˵ͣһ£һ˫һĨ¶һ⸱ʱһ
һ£ΪЭ֮ǰһս¡Ǽү˵ˣһսΣѾ˱¡°½˽̫ӣͬʱӺүЭ̫ͬӵºúõ顣
ԣԭͦεıӰʱ
ԶԶ֮УҪӡʵ۵̬ȸǸɴ࣬½̫ӵ£ǾζŻʵҪˡ
һԵWɵˣͨһ˵ϣȫû뵽СϵܣȻȻҡһӣ
˭ǵΨһĵܵܣݿ˵һ֮֮ϡ
Ϊ˲ϥһӶûУһȥүλá
ֹW𾪵˼㣬ЩWһˣһҲŵɫס
ǵ𾪺ͿֻŲͬƼһϲȻҲô£ôͻȻһܳӣޱȵү֪ǣӳǶˡ
СĵķסƾϧǱߵںͳ磬ô𣿾ȻӰ
ƾϧҰ׵ûб飬Ҳֻ΢΢Ĵ˴
ԭΪԼοԤԴǻ˸ֵ֮ξҲûˡ
ˣڷһﶼһںͳģڿģҲһ͵͵ڿ
ƾϧʱãȻһ
Ҳ˵βȫģЩֻһجζѡ
ԭһſĵӣʱʱûסͳų˹ȥ

ʲôΨһĶӣ
ԭֿɵõλãأѾĻҪ޸ڣϧԼҲҪ˹ָƳȥ
ǵͷȴɾ˳Ǹˡ
һִٳɳģ԰޵λá
һѪ˳ĶǱߵĳ޲۾ڶԷ϶һ
ȴû۵ߣǰڻ۾
ʲôҵŪˡ
ϵĶһ٣еεĿųϵļָӡĲģֻҪϲɾ
ų۰׵СĺһƬʱ޴롣


 50 

СĵסСѾͷ, µһ˿ƣ
һ·Ϊ̫ĳûк̫ǵľһһһ·ϲ߲, ʱÿ˵϶ŨŨľ, ҪΪҪӵˣڵϿʼ˯ˡ
ոһʱ, һԼļʮŵŹֶԾڲ侲, ûһƫ
ʱڿǰĳ, ôôﻶϲ޲ñСѾͷݺһڡ
ƺߵĳ, ǰһ򡰺Ƥĳ΢΢
¶ɨӵһ, ƹʵǿƵ˵̫ӵǻ·, Ӻүʱίסü, ȵ̫ӵµˣһǰ񱱻ݳǴӪ
ֻܸɰͰ͵ЦЦ̫Ǵʥּ, ʮ⣬Ҳſ˵һ֡
¶û飬ȴȥ˸ǵáǴ죬ȵ̫ӵ˵֮, һǰ񱱻ݳǵĴӪ
ȵΧƼ߹, ںͳƼ˻ȥҲȥ˸ǵš
ƾԭҪƼϢȴһĮȻľܾˡ
ƾų뿪ıӰ, ׾һε飬ٶеԹƼҡ
ȻһҲӣ֮ǰ˹˺ŵľٶԼϵЩ϶óеӦĻš
ƼԺĸŮºǰǰ׽ˡ
ԴƾֳϣҪҲֻܹûйסϣҲƼҸǱӡ
ڴʱﻹڹƼңȻȷʵǸƼǵĻˣǳʱƼ²ӣĲǸмˣľȻ뱳ѡ
ûи߳ϣӵ֮ץô׼оƼĳ˵ͨ籨šܵСŵĳϣջѡ¡
ֿסԺӣ÷ȻȽϴȽ£ʶĲƼסҲ޵ʱ򣬲סжô̹ҲҪס¡
мWҪӣ˸ˡ
һˣ֮⣬Լĸ
Դ֪ү֮Щ˶쳣ܵ״̬ʮүѵʱûиǼĻһүȻʱķޣ
ڴų뿪ֳʱլвͲסӣܵ˵Ĺƻ֮±ү
󲿷ֵ˱޸ˣһֳ޽ӵүϢ뿪ֳʱ͵լˡ
ʱ֮в˶Ķˣүͷˣһοڽˡ
Ǻ˼ֲԸѱ䣬Щûĸûѱ䣬լµĲˡ
үҲøһӴһӵӣΨһĶӡүǵճˣԺΨһĶӣָоʵ̫ˡ

ܵľŲСȻȫֵ̱Ķʮ侲Ҳû¶һ˿һη塣ǵʱҪ۾ʱʵǷǳǳµġȪˮʮҲû취ûӵ۾
ůͰݸ׼ˮʱˮȪϣȪˮܸϵƣ롣
һʱ̫ˣڵǱߣˮﲻ֪˯ˡ
ݺů˽ʱͱʵòһһĿų̲ס͵͵Ļ࿴һۣڶԷ￴𾪡
ůȻһֱ֪ԼϵĶˣҲ֪Լӿ϶ǳ֪֪ȴһֱûлʶͻȻĳʱͻȻеԼΪʲôĿʾˡ
ͬҲŮˣǿԼӵʱ̲סòĳӼˣ֪ʲôĻء
ůĳ˯ȥһˮ֮ҪѳʱһߴӰ˽
ůͰһˣ̳ŶԷԹһȻڶԷʾ˳˷š
ůȥʱʵе㵣ĵġӣᱻү۸ˡ
뵽ǷޣԼôϲүӦáӦò׽۸ɣ
ûҶ࿴ˮСһԵĸɾ·ͰˮС˶ĶѾʮСˣһСľСѾͷ
ԺĶ˶ӣСèһСǼ΢΢˶Ȼ׼ȷĹס˵Ĳӡ
ĶеڲһûȵͰѻ޹ǵ˸ˤˡæ֫汧˱Ŵһ
˵ͷչȥ°͡˸ߴͦεһֿաͲסԻ˵ѵժϵߣŻСס
ȵųʱԭŵСѾͷʵȻʱѾ߷ˡ
ڰŻشϣĵ΢΢ŵСѾһʱûסѹ˿ڡҪϧͻС޲ֱӰ˸ˣҲʡš


 51 

, ڵĻġ
۾ʱ˯úܳǵüƣ, ʮֹɵûгϢ
˺ܾ, ˯ŵʱûмߡСĵƶһӣſϵǿ˰̡
ԭ˰̺ܴһƬ, ֿɲȪãϵ˰Ѿһ, ʣµĿҲôɲˡ
촽ڵ˯, ȻƾϧƯҲǳʮֳڵӡ
СС;˽, սϴô, ϱͨ˶һɷ
Ϊϵɷ, ˺Եԭĳ, Ժܶ˶֪ںܺÿ
ſţ̲ס̾ҷÿϻһ˰, ǿʮֵӢ
ڳԼҷɫʱסԺһȺˣΪ׵ǸϹ۾ĹӡȻ۾ϵ˻ۣҲòǸ
֪ڵʵݵĻ, ֮ǰԲɵȥ
Ȼ, ûкҩȻѾӵˣҪΪԼ鸶ۡ
һҪ, ʱҲӦܹڵǸˡ
ǹһģW۵ˡ
ԭǲģWΪֺóĸŮѳҲһ˹
ϣʶȤѳץķϣܹһεĹ
ĳ̲ס΢΢üͷƯһ˿
֮ǰһ·ǣòϢϢЩ˶ܰһ㡣
ڳҪ˴ʱһֱͻȻ۾
ˣ
һֺܵ۽ë˶ее㶵ĿŽޡе㲻ӦڵӣܾСѾͷе㲻ʵ
˰Ǹߣٱ۾˯һᡣ
˵ţҪӴȴڴһ§Ͻ˻
ڱ˱۾һ˯ӡ
еεĿֻϰɢҵĳ˳ȻöͷĶͷ۾
˯һֱ˲𴲡
Դ֮ʵû˯šԼ˯ţ˯СѾͷ˯ˡ
СѾͷøСŮһ£˯ʱҲ⾫ƯҪðСѾͷŪѣҪſ۵ҧһڡ
ȵ԰·ƵĴӷͷԺվһȺˡ
ڿſ˵˲䣬һǰӵǸһ̧ͷͿһԺӵ˶ʱһɴ۾
ڣԣѾڲŶԡ
̫һĻﶼһ֣ں̫ͬⱲֵģ浱ȻҲҪһ֡ϻڵʱ͸ֵ֣Ͼֱ˻ʼ
ڶڸֲܣΪһүãҪнϵάһʱ˾ûˡ
ŲʵҺүȣԸ飬Ȼԥľѡ˺ߡ
ܸоӵġ⣬ΪΨһĶӣΪνһֻҪԷĶþ㹻ˡ
Ǹ֪ˣȻСǲ֪㲻ϧԹһħ
ڲɨһۣЩ˸оصɱʱһȫع
ôҲû뵽֮ǰǸСһԭһò绨Ĵˡ
뵽֮ǰӲԶǧôżĸϻ˵ľٶͻȻΪʲôżˡϾһˣǵӣǿ϶Ҳż
Ǹ棬WǣƼҵ档
Ȼû׷Ƽҵ˼Ƽ߻ǲҷϾ֮ǰɫ˺ѿƾڸ׵ʾ⣬һʹá
õ˿ƼҵˣһңǸ˽ȻƼҵŵڣҪºѡ
ԭѹŹǸĶǲԸòʱ۵׸̲סһĨʡ
ͳĸ£֮ǰʮּñãͲ󣬿ȴŸƯˣ΢ƽһ㡣
ȻڳˣҡһԺ˳Ҫ¹һ뵽ϵ̲סʮܡ
ģҪǸ³Լ˵˲ҲҪϷݸү
ҧҧȴȺ˳˵ͳ
Ͽ޵ӣ֮ǰ鶼񸾵ĴӣΪƼҿǣʹ˴һذɣ
˵˼ͷԭſƼ˵ķϣֻҪϿҵĵǸҲõô˸ѿһүǰ˵û
ڵϵֵȣǱҲûڣֵҪ̧ͷʱ򣬾ǱΪƼңͲWͨ籨ˡ
һԵƾɫһףֻ֪ùغţԼ£ȫ֪ԭ͵͵飿
Ҫڱ粵ͿһԵWڵȷʵ󸾸ͨ籨š
ԲѪȻȷʵͨ籨ŵģҲW֤ɣͲ°ͽӲɣӸԹ


 52 

WϻԼ, æһλ, ֤, ǲ󸾸ǵݵϢ
Ǹȫû뵽Wʱ, ɿƳһڡ
Ϳڽûдߣɵĳվһ, ʱͳһĶԱȡ
ڻǰǸ, WһĻĵһӦ϶ǴŶԷݺݵĳŪһΪԷȨƵ, 뷽跨һߡ
Ȼڵ, , 䲻Ǹ, Ҳûһ˸˵һĻ
СĵҪôʱͻȻתɨһۣʱŵ̲סӡ⸱ûгϢ, ڶö࿴һۡ
WԭҪ˵ʲôӵı鲢̫ãʮɫı졣
ڿ亹ƾΪƼҵ˹ϵ׽, Ƽ˺档
ǰ, ܾ˲Ļڹڵĸоʮֲ
ȥ, ڲ뿴
һԵĳһƴǰҪϱȥƾ״Ҫ飬뵽֮ǰЩ£ֻǰһųȥˡ
Ժ˼Ƽҵ˱ˣһһͷ˵ԼһСӡ
û뵽ǣڴҶǿͷʱվĵ˾Ȼǳۣ
ۻ·ֻһе㱡ɼԭͿ˶Īһĸо
ЦĿʩʩȻµˣֹҪˣʾԷһ𿴳Ϸ
ڿһӣ֪ǺµĲˣȨ
ȻһҲϲٻĸоȴ⳶ű˵ĻƤΪίСѾͷֻع
ۿĹеǰһߵһСӣȾŮŮԴӱҸϳȥ֮󣬾һֱؼĶһСԺǡһŮͻȻҵŮǰŮΪв
ȳ۰ѿеĻ˵꣬һ»ͻȻЦһӴ˳۽Ļ
˳֮ǰߵˣгްڵԺǴǸġ
ȻһεĺܲԣϾݰʵԹǸ¡
֮ͻȻЦǶڱʾǾ˵עһ㡣
ӿûǿһԼ̰ӵȨλŷҪӴġ
ˣ˲ע⣬;ӵĴ
ҪҪúӦһΣ֮ǰֱҪ
ȻװˮĻ᣿
ްó۵⣬Ϊ񱱵ҪʧƣʧҲǻӡ
һ̫Ӳһ飬лڣйͷﻤţҲˡ
ȻĨڣҲ֪⣿
ҲеʧĿųۣԭΪۻˣʲôȻڵĳͻ̫СȫûһĻ
ڼʧȥȤ㿪ڶµ˵ıϳȥʮȻӳá
ɫɷףҪ˵ϣȴ̧һ߿ˡ
ۣҪҪڣڣ㲻ңδޣġ
ĻʱЦˣű˼סĳ۵һС͵󺰴СҵģǷѾĻҲܡ
۵Ľʱһ٣һŵĿų㡭ʲô֪Եǹ޵ģǲʲô֪
˵Щʲôãȥɣ
ųߣǷһͣţ滹ͣĴ󺰴š
ǵģǵģҵģҵġҲҲǡ
˱ˣʱûмϷ飬ת˷䣬ڼ״Ҳæ˹ȥ
Ժ˶ʱԡǸô죿ǻʲôû˵ء
֮ļ죬һֱڷżȥ߶ҲֻԺЩҪǸˣһҲûлǡ
ֹգ̫ӵµҲ˸ǡ
ǵĸĸٵһμôˣԭҪΪ̫ӵ˴ϯȴ̫ӵ˸ֹˡֻ̫ڸϢ죬̳֮񱱶ȥ
Ϊǰ񱱵·;ԭڲۣȻֳȥȴСѾͷĸܾˡ
뵽֮ǰֿôãոռûмҪֿԥһ֮Ӧ
޵˸ոڻϣΪ˻ůȻֳǣֻһǷֿ
̫ӵ˵Ӵһʱ˶ԴвǴΪ˲鰸ӵģΪ˸ϴˢԩĴ󰸣ɲǴŮȥġ
һ·Ϸ¶޵ģǰ㽿εһˣʱ϶ܲ;еࡣ
ܶ˶ſӵЦȻһ·ʮգҲûǸԹһ䡣
Ϊ˲鷳Ͱһ𴩵װԼ·;֮гԲˮʱ򶼻ԼӵȪˮ
ΪȪˮİæȫ̲ûоۣ˵ɫҲ֮ǰˡ


 53 

һ, ·ꡣ
Ǳ·һСͣȵ֮ͣ·
ǳ, һȻ, ǲûиеκβʡΪͻȻ֮ԭеȵˬࡣ
̫һδ̫, һ·Ҳû٣ԵǵСʱ, صĸĸٱĵ˳ſڡ
СǵĸúС, סôĹˣֻܰѳһɽׯ˳, üĹסȥ
ʱ, һС˵Ĵ硣Ϊ˲̫ע, ͷϴһñ, Ϊ˵סԼ̫ڵò
Ȼˣʮע⡣ɽׯߵʱɽׯһΪ̫רע, һСıǰʯ׸ˡǸ˶ʱˤ˲ģǵһԵļ˶ʱŵùһء
̫ӵ˼״һüͷɽׯ˶˳ȥǵ󣬿ɲЩصźġ
˶, һ˫۾͵͵Ŀǰ̫һۡвС, ںЦķ
ڣ£ء
һĳûм̫ӣԶλ̫ӵһҲ˽⡣ֵ̫µư, ԲŻᵣԼ᲻鷳
û뵽ǣֻ¶һ˿⣬Ǳھ̲ˡ˵һֱ͵͵ɣȻôôУ
֪ó˵ССۣڵĿⶼ
ɽׯס֮󣬵Ŵꡣ
ڴڿ棬ܾĴȥò˶þͻᷢˮˮׯҺڣŵĺܿߡ
ҽˮƽߣ󺵴֮󶼺׳ֻġ֮ǰոճһִһעû취ȵĹȥˡ
ĵⳡ֮󣬸ɽȻˡ
óʮǣλ̫ӵһλլʺˣڵ֪вٵط˺ԣֵ֯µĽȥˡ
ΪӣòԼȥ̫ӵ¶ԹȥˣҲüų
֮ǰһСƿӸװȪˮȻûж˵ʲôҲ֪⡣ǵ֮ߣ취ȪˮŪЩȡ
Щ񱻾֮󣬾ͱصĸĸٰ˳ڸæµһ֮ڰĵĵطҵھ
Ӹտ˿е֪õˮǴ⼸طġڱƿȪˮֱ𵹽⼸ˮ֮С
Ҳ֪ǲȪˮãԭЩܿͺˣҲûʲô˷ȵ
һ˰£ȵߵȶסˣ̫һּǰݳǡ
µദ֮ڷ̫ӵƷȷʵûһ̫ӸеļӣԸҲǺõû˵
̫ӿٺ˵Ӷ̫ӵļɵ̫ҲȫûͷԵˣȻҲû취Ⱦ̫֮λôꡣ
֮ʮգһ·糾͵ĵ˻ݳǡ
ں⼸죬һ·϶ûôϢÿ˵ɫ̫á
Ź˵ӣɫ쳣ѿһһҪ˵ӡ
·ϵʱһֱӹǽڳ֡һ·ӶܰĶҪóûһ
ݳѾܿ߹ˣ羰ĽȣһĻͶࡣ
ǵݳһգӭ̫ӵǻݳسǽգԼյֶӷ뺭Զ
ԭ̫·ٶȣϻݳǾ뾩ôңԶǸϵݳʱЩҲ֪̫ӵĿġ
Ȼм˺Ե飬Сǵ£µʱ㹻Ϣˡ
һҲż֮ǰֵô󣬾ҪҲβס̫ӺһҲûе
ڿ̫ߵʱ֪һǱסˣתһߵֶӵԺҶҪˡ
뺭ԶԲûлش𣬵˵ĺȻȴΪһ֮˽ӸɽϧնɱǧҲҪڵ
ڴų޹߻һ̫үһǷҿҪˡ
֮ǰûвȥΪҲշĹϵܲӹһٻ˵
ʱ䶼ûдߣǿ۵˰̣ڸͷĮĿǡ
֮ǰڳǽϣһĮĿǧڿӡ
⼸մС޵Ĺ⣬ÿ˯ǰܺһȪˮĲϵ˰һһϣѾûǰֲˡ
ԭģΣǰƯԱ֮£ǲֲ˰ɸª
ӷֶǰ߹˵Ŀﲢûжٳޣûж࿴һۡ
ʱһֱϣҪȪˮİæͱߵȫɢˡ
ò׵˻ݳǣ˶̲ס˷Ϊǵ֮󣬾֤ϿΪںǧϴˢԩˡ
ʵ֪˷ܣݵҲʮ˷ܡΪԼӸе֮⣬Ϊ˲üϴˡ
ϴˣҪΪ˵һƴһ


 54 

̫ڵݳǵ, վѺԼӹлˡǴ֪һζ㲻ˣʱ, ̫ӵ˾Ͱһġ
̫֪, ͷ˺ôһֱͨ˰ѷϸӸץ, ѷҵլӸˡ
ӷҳһõĽ鱦ص֮ͻỻǮʳ, ⳥ǧļ
ڶӵĴ, Ϊӵݰӵĸ, ̫Ӵصʵ۴
ȻΪ̫ӵ, ǱϾӵĸ, ҲԼֳζԷ, ˽ⷢӡ
ڻؾ֮ǰ漰˴¼йԱ̫ӵ˹Ѻڴ, Ҳû⡣
ΪݳһûسǽҪĹԱҲ̫Ӳòʱڻݳǣѡʵسǽ֮뿪
֮ǰʱسǽһְ
ڶڻݳǸܸ, Ȼ֮ǰݳǰ޹, һ뵽ЩֵǣΪݳݳǵسǽ̲סǨŭˡ
Ȼʱ˽һְ, ˶̫ӵˡԴûһ㲻ƽ⣬ܺһ㡣
һգͷһīһۿžҪһꡣ
Űݺͳһƴ˺þãڳ¥ҵڡ
ڴһɫʱվڸ߸ߵĳ¥ϣĿֱ㶵Ķǰ治Զ
ԭΪ˳֮Լ΢һЩȻʵ֤ˡٶ⳥ٶĵǸٶĻںޡûãǧ˵ûˡ
һͷһڣĪľһĳʹİһƴҡҡͷĬĴӳ¥ȥ
֪ٶİοûãʹ̫ˣԶ޷ͬܣҲʲôĸо
֪ԼôοֻеԶʮͲõ
˸մӳ¥ձ㿪ʼ˴ꡣ
ĺܿңŴŵʯĵϣգ۾Ͱѵȫʪˡ
ʱɡ״æɡٵͷ
ͷ˿¥е㵣ĵ˵һƴȥүһǲ
һƴ죬ү书ﻹıûʲôõĵġ
һƴûҪϾʵ̫ˣױĵ˸ϡ
ү񣬾ʱʱ̿ߣܵκһ˺
һƴĳɣ̲סٴοڴߴٵû£ҺͰھͻȥκΣյġ
һƴ˵ˣֻӦһתٴγų¥ȥ
ݳǶ̫ӵĿ֮£̫ӵȻмưǴƢ㲻
ڵݲһ㣬̫ҪΪҲҪһ
˵ʵпɽĸо治ڣԺͲηηˡ
Űʱ˸ͼʿʿһʮֹİŽ
ԽԽ꣬СĵİŸҪҪԸȥһתͿһƴˡ
ںͳһƴ϶ʪˣ˿еǱ
ݼ״æӣһɡ
Ȱݰѻ˵꣬ھͻִĻ޷ʪˡ
˵ߣżûиϣͷһۡ
״Цһ£Űݿ첽׷ȥһһ߶ڵļ飬顣
Բ⣬ʲô£
ҡͷһûüء
ڣǻȥһ𿴡
һæС׷ȥڼ࣬ʮԾط˽ŲڵһҪܸϡ
صסʱ򣬴ͻȻͣգ۾̫Ҳˡ
һ߸ߣһ̲ס̧ͷ˿աĺӤһ˵ͱ䰡
ȵڻطﻻһ·ڣһȲĲ˼顣
һڵĽдģǱ߸ʩѹˣѯʹڵ󣬱ᵽڷWһ¡
˵ϲҲ˵жᡣڵڵķϣϼƽһĶԹ
һ֮󣬾ͰֱӽڣҲԼôģ֮ôW
ȵڰϵſ꣬˱һһšһдģڵĻ￴˰죬˵е¸ĲС
֮еǸɱϣе㱩ĿˡСʱ򾭳̸£Ƕη塣
Ȼ˲֪ǣǸʵǸħдڵļм䣬ȫǶӵĹϲ
ԣǲǺϲĸף
֪ǲǳĴȻֻĸ仰ǳǾϲԷ
ԺðһȻ֮ǰû˵̫໰ĸʮں
֪ڵĸǱҶүʱʱıʮֿ¡
һ뵽صʱҽҪ֮ŭʱڵ̲סһʹ졣Щĸݱ΢ˣҲ֪һʲô飿


 55 

һ̧ͷͼ΢΢üͷ, Ϊ˵飬ָ̧İüͷϡ
ڲĶ, ְѳһץס, Ȼÿס֡
˵һ沼˱, һСɣָ׶Բɰ
ںϲС, еʱ򻹻̲סϿҧһ¡ƤĽ, ֻһ£ͻŪһۡ
Լַ, Ҫſҧ, æԼĳȻѾ, ԺǲǾҪᵽȥ
Ȼֳǳ, ˶ֳǲûκġڵݲһ㣬ֻһӣһ㲻̫Զ
, ںڵӿˣȻȥ֮Ǿʹĸȥ
Ļһϲԭе㵣ΰ, ڵŰ
ϾٶĹ, ϾǳĸϺͳүˣҲû취Ƽߣһֳǡ
֮ӹ÷ɿ, գ۾µʱ͹ȥˡ
мݳεϮҲ֪ǲǵй֪̫εϮرͻȻر͡
򱱽ıڸڳǣϻݳ򣬻ݳջʮ־յ
εĵϮչֳ˷ͬһľ츳ԭԹԵĻݳһڵĲƵķġ
һֱڲ䲻ȵ̫ӣڿսսӢ֮󣬶Դڵ̬Ҳ׽ࡣ
̫ӾںһǸӦսϵۡҪ£ڣϣԺٵǴ󱦵ʱڿһɽ
ȻˣҪΪͷ­Ѫͱҫ
һգ̫Ϊ򱱽칦磬سǽַǷ
ǰĩݳߵȡ
ԭȵﶼȥֻڰķ˯Ǻ˵һε칦磬˲ò޵輧΢һ㾫
üŮúôһȻϻݳеȹӣͷ棬ʹŰһ·ǰԺȥ
һε棬򱱽֮⣬̫ӵ£һΧ˲ٵʿǵʲôĻ˳ûɱ
Űݸϵʱһϳ˰ݵݣ֪ߵѾߣǰ߾ȵˣ϶Ǵ˵֮Ǹò绨ˡ
ĹɣƲ۾Ȫˮţ¶ָ׵ķ⡣΢ýһЩŵ޵㡣
Ϊ˲̫˵ע⣬ʱһӣ÷ʱӵһʡЩ֪ݵˣòСĳײ
һϳ֮æǰĳųһȻͻųߡ
λİæͰһ·ͨǰߣܿͿϻɢˡ
ԭ̫˵Űݹʱʮ΢һɧǸӦʲôƵģĿͻȻųǱ߿ȥڿӿˡ
̲סЦһȻתͷ̫˵һʲô̫ӵµ˵ͷ֮ųǱ˹ȥ
˽һСǲϣ̫˵ע⡣ȴû뵽ڻῴԳ˹
Ӻˣϵ˶˹׵̫򱱽Ҳһ˼ĳ
кܶ˶Ҳ֪ǳòǾĵһ˶Ȳ
ǸʱĳӲ磬ǴһС˵ѣǴһŮѡϣͷϣϣûһװΣ˿ء
ȻĳĴһһɫĳȹ߶ƮƮ뷲һ
Ǽ˸ɫ˵̫ӣڿʱĳʱҲ̲ס΢΢һ
ڴߵǰΪȶͷ˺æԼλȥλԱ߰ڷ˱裬ԱҪࡣ
ȵų£ſʵ֮ǰǲôͻȻıˣ
֮󣬺һڱٺתһ˫۾˵˲޾׵輧ҾҪúõĿ۽磬ҴСûм輧ء
⻰ɲ٣СʱƼҳ󣬺صܾĥлʶʲô輧ġ
ԣ뵽СѾͷСʱһ˫ʱһĨۡ
ԼǰĸƸº͵û£Ժڣ뿴ʲôʲô
۾һʱһ⡣ģûƭң
ڿ۾Īе㲻Ҫ˵ʲôСѾͷе㼤˵ǡ´ȥ¥ɡ
ü˵ʵҲûȥֵطУʲôÿġ
Χв˿ҲִæһֵСģһĿʼıݡ


 56 

ʱȵ輧, ʮ趯ˣ绨ƮƮĻ˵, Ǵʱһű¶, ¶֫ʮˡ
ڳԽǵ·Ҳ¶¶, 󣬲ӶѡŮӵĶ̿, ȹ, Ȼȣʮֱˡ
Ҫǳб, ֪ԼҪô졣ÿȵʮܵʱ, ̲סĿյ̿㡣ϻȥʱ, ðݰȹ
ڼСѾͷһζ, ̲סҲȺ輧˹ȥСѾͷ֮ǰûôעЩ輧һĿȥʱҲûзŤŤȥʲôÿ
ڿСѾͷ, Ů˸ۣеʱ򻹾˼ҳó
ڿ˼֮󣬱ûȤתߵСѾͷƺо, ԭýζСѾͷ, ͻȻе㲻תͷһۡ
ڲԵĿȫԼôǵˣ
һ;ûʲô˼ˡЩ輧ȥǼ, Ͼѧǵ赸ˡ
͵͵̫һۣ͵͵ߵĿԡ
ڳҪ˵ʲôʱ򱱽ͻȻ߳һ꣬žƱ㳯ų
ڿǸ˲䣬һ˫ʱһ˿ûвһ΢΢°ߵǰ
곯ų˾ľƱһ˫ϸһĨư֪ܷºһ
һڣͷǸŮӡ̧ɨΧһȦ˶ûоȵӣ֪Ůӵ飬ڳӦö֪ģ̫ڡ
򱱽Ǳߵ˶佫Ůô󵨵ľٶһ̲סһΪŮǵҲߣϸһĨ־ڱصõЦ⡣
ٳٶɵԷҲԼʲôеĿһۣʾԼǵĻԼûӦߵݺݺࡣ
ڽյСѾͷ񣬸ҪվֹŮһԵ򱱽¶ݵ񡣡
¶ŮԣûһηģԵĿڵ֮ǰ˵õģôʳأ( ? ?? ?)?
򱱽еѿ֮ǰ˵ڵδ޻ڻ飬òªĵս޸ڡΪί϶޵ǸʮֲҪԼŮ޸Ϊޡ
޵ĳô죿ڰΪ檣ܹǲΪġ
Ȼ򱱽û뵽ǣ˵֮쳣ªĳ黹ҪƯڶҲʮֿصӣ̲ס֮ǰ뷨
ͷŮȴûдԴӼŮһμڣ˷ŵ档ҲΪʲôһңȫںݳǵĶӻҲҪһֱԭ
¶ڲһԣǸռȵƷȷʵʮò¶Ҳʹ˷Źڡ
ĸ˲檵ģ¶߶һңֻҪܳΪڵң߾ٶҲ¡
򱱽žǿŮһһһ׵ġ
һԵ̫ӵ¼״΢΢̧̧ЦŶ¶¶𣿡
¶Կ׵ıһۣȻģǽͲ׾ˡ
¶˵ʱ⿴һۡ·˵ҿľˣɲҰ
ǵЦˣڵĿҲԽơԭ򱱽ڣоȻλ¶Ĺͣ
ԣǷ˼һҪƴǣ¶ƴ˰ɣ
ȻȲ֪飬Ŀе㾪ȵɨ¶һۣȻ򱱽һݡ򱱽״æɲİõһݡ
ڣֻҪһˡ
ڴ˻һΧһƬȻһֱЦ̫ӣ̲סһĿ
飬ȫΪʲôҪƴǣ
¶ﲻǱˣ򱱽飬̫ӵµױáȢ¶͵ʸ̫ôʵǲףʲôþܾɣ
¶ɫ׵ĿڣȻû뵽ڻֱӾܾСųΧһڵˣڵˣ
ǣǸʼնû˵һԹһտϷ
̫ԭҪ£ڣ¶öкøʱԭҲͨ˩סڡ
Ȼû뵽ǣڸϲ¶Ҳ¶Ȩơ
̫ӵɫеѿȷĿ¶ίľܾվӪ
ۿ˽֮Уһߵĳ¶ͻȻվ飬˵Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԡүҲǵȵһص֮󣬵ʱɡ
̫ɫԻЦŶ򱱽¾ʦ˵Ķԣ»ǵȵؾ˵ɡ
̫˵ţʾ
¶ԭҪ˵ʲô򱱽һ£ŲʲԸĵ˳һۡ
Īıһ£һ޹Ŀ¶һۡڲԸȢǰӸɳҲûá
Ҳû˼ȥ飬̫ӵ¸һҪ뿪
̫ҲûΪѣϾոǻ˼ҵ棬ҪŮķ鲻Ҳпԭġ
һҲû飬æҲų뿪ˡ
̫ӵ˿뿪ıӰ̲ס˵£Ҳ̫ˡ
̫û˵˼Ŀ֮е輧


 57 

һ뿪;ȵò, ̲סӿ˽µĲҪȥϵ·Ȼ⸱Ҫ뿪, ڵͳڶ
Ϊոյ, Ҳʮֲʹ졣Ȼм򱱽飬ȴϲö
ڱȢ򱱽Ů, ʸ̫ӵôȡڵﻹǲʹ죬ǳĲʹ졣
ڿСѾͷȥıӰ, ڵʱ̲סһۡ
СѾͷʱһ, ѹô˵棬ҪķŮ, Ҫԭڵλ, СѾͷʱһ߰ɡ
֪ڵ뷨, ֻŸϽȥϵ·, Ȼһ衣
ȵߵ˵ĵطͻȻ첽׷ȥȻһѱסǰĳ
ͻľٶŵ, ̲סһ
΢΢һ£ıеŤͷʲôôȵ죬ˡ
СѾͷָ, ûзſ˼, ΪڹƢ
ڵͷСѾͷƯһʱûסĶͷڵԲ, Ҳ֪飬Ҳѹġ
˵ʵ¶ڻû̫ӡֻǵ򱱽иŮǰҲûôͶԷ˵κĹϵˡ
ʵǲף¶ΪʲôҪ޸
ֺֺЦĿʮֵӣҲüɵĸż
ˣȷſңҲû
:ģ
ĵ˵ͷڼ״ȴû̷ſֱӰӵϱ
ʲô˿˶˰
ԱǰߣڳĴʱЦ˵û£ײˣҲҽӡ
·Ϊ֤Ļһ˿쵽Ժʱ˼ˡǿڱųʱһ̻æͷȥԼʲôÿĻ棬ᱻܲǵӳͷ
ȳӴ·ٶԶԶȳܶࡣɵܿ㱻ֱӱԺӡ
ԺǼ״ͬЩһͷȥһһԹ
һصԼķ䣬һŮ·ոճȥһ֮󣬴ʱϳ˲ٵĺʮֲ
ȵݺʱҲ˸裬һԵǰ顣
ڼˣ̧ʾߵǰھְСѾͷ§˻
رϲ§ϲȥģʲôζƵġ
ڴŻĽ޵Ĳ
һ£Ȼ׷ϵ¡
˵ǼٵģϾûһŮ˿ԴȵŮ˿̽Լ˵ġ
Ȼе㲻ϲҵͲˡ
ڵݱˣ̽Ů˶ȥˣÿһҪƺܿͱǸˡ
ֻںôģֻҪŮ޶ԣЩŮȥںˡ
ץסַµָ
̫ӵ˼ԣҪȢǸʲô¶ܸվͬӪΨһĶӣվǱ߾͵˼
˵һ£Ȼʮָۣż˵ҲҲվκ˵ӪΪ￪С
Բ⣬ȻģǹﲢϲˡǴһ·֮󣬺ܶ鶼һܸ֮ıġ
ȻΪ̫ӵˣǻȻؾȽϺáһֱΪ̫£󳼵ͳ̫ӵˡ˷̺Ϊ̫ӵ»̲סҪ㶯֡ϾڸϻݣڻǱ߻ûվȽŸ
ھСѾͷͲ󣬶С˼ǲ١˵еҪ취Ȼؾǡ
æסڵܽʵϸ׵ץʱСֳеԽСɿˡ
̫Ǳߣ˵˼СͻȻˣܹҪиɵġ
ԣҡͷЦһ£⼸ιǣЩ˶ǳ̫Ӷġ̫Ҫߣ϶ô׾
һȷʵסҪǻݳûسǽ֮ǰ˼ιǣسǾҲҪϢһʱ䡣
ؾһϾ£æýŲմأûʱһ𡣵ȵǺò׻ؾʱѾ쵽ʮһ·ˡ
Ϊݳ̫Զ·϶Ҫµ·̣û취ڹǰصڱڰ·̫ӵ˷ֿѡȻֳǹٽ
ȵصֳʱѾǴʮˡȥΪ޵飬˳ļҲûкúõĹһꡣ
Ϊ˲źڸϸ硣ڲֳǵκˣҪֳǲҵӡ󲢲ãĴϲ¡
ȥˣȴ˻صֳʱǰһһŵĵݰĽ鱦
ڵƢ£ȴֹˡ֮ǰԴڣǺúóһѪôģ
⼸ܺãÿʵʵվԺ㱦
ڵ˽ȻҲܶ࣬ЩԼĶ͵Ķ˼
Щ棬ܶ඼Ǹг͵ġһ뵽һ۵һİͽӣ̲סеС˵־ˬ졣
ЩŮҪһ߰ǵȫ£ȵʱ򻹲ǽ
һѱ棬˲ٶĽӿռռĶ¥Ѿ˶֮ǰŽȥĶֱںԺ


 58 

լ, ڴʱγĶԱȡЩǹҲû뵽ȥǻ֮, ȴ׷Ķ
ֳ, ȫǰԺǱߣŮǵϯǰںԺ
Ϊ, ûһͳӦ͡Ǹرֵģ֪ЩûмΪ, ȫǳǸү, ͸ûˡ
ϿȥԹ˳ȥ, ŲʲԸĳů
ȵϯʱ, ԭ˵˵ЦЦ˶ʱס, һһ˹ƵĿЩ˻ǵһ, Ŀ
˲ٹŮЩŮһĻ֦չġԭųǰǾܲܳŽĻ, һӵõӵ
λãһһ߹檵ݣҲǱȽġ
ȻŮ˳ʱЩΪòĹŮ, һɫʱһһ׵ġ
Ȼ֮ǰ˵, ֮ԱǱǸġ
֪֪ȴôҲû뵽ȥһ, Ȼ׺ˡ˾ˣǰɱģҲԽ֮ǰÿࡣ
¯һ·ȥůҪʱһӵͻȻá
еϤ΢΢̧̧ŶԷȥȻͿڿ
õѣð΢΢ǣһǣȻŶԷĵ˵ͷ
Ϊ˶Էƭ˳ȥһܴ衣ȻԹǳﻹǶһԹԡ
ΪǰǽµʱﶼûȻ֪һңкܶû취Լﻹ̲סеʧ
̬ȣæͷȥ۵̲סһĨỨ
֪ڹʵҲʮֹԼųģ԰˵仰ڳѹʱ͵͵ܹȥһůΪ£Ϊ±ûվ
ֳ£Ҳ̲סԹޡ
һıֳǼԺյңгǱߵˡΪ˲óķûóǱߵ˽ҵﶼû¡
Դӳ֮ϱ㲻ʱŮǵףƺ˲֮ǰó鵱Ц̸ġһѾĻİͽ޲˵ǰȥ
ֻǸͨӣһҲʾ֭ҪΨһĶӣڱĵλһ֮֮ϡڵ֮λЩӿɲһ
һֱڶ֮еϣò״һǰȥûüͳ˵أͻȻһɧ
ôˣͿһǱı˽
һɾһæ˹ȥһ߻һߵӣӣôˣ
ڿϵ˲䣬ϵŭ΢һ㡣ȻĽ㣬ڵȴͬĸһĴڡҵˣΨǲһġ
ڰϵһӣתϵո˵һЩ˵ĻֻӵǸ
ɨһۣȻ֪ʲô֪ǸʲôӣɵȥǾԲӼƽϵġ
ϸҪѵɼ䣬ͷԼɵĿ׵ĳ
ʵҲɻʧ̬ЩͬΪŮ˵ģƯҲʧ񣬸οжɡ
ڼɵɵĶԼˣ̧֮ŸһţֱӰߵˤ˵ϡ
״̲סЦһĿȴûɵϣǸԶһֱڿ
Ϲսɱʱ۾գһ¡˱ʲô²ǣǱǵĶſ˵Ķ䲻ľͺ
ΪתעѹɸǸеʧǵ뿪¶һɾܶ࿴һƵġ
ȵ뿪֮ڿһʧǵɣ̲סֱӰϵͻȻʮֺڣΪʲôҪһȥˡǸʲôʲôʱУҲûҪȥѽ

ֳǹԪߵģߵСѩֻ˼ֳǣȫһȥ˾
µЩҪֳǵĲҵϾļҵֳǣûм˴Ҳ鷳
Ķһֱڻӣܴߵȫˡ
Ժѡھѡȥ߹ش̣Ƕûʲôֳˡ
֮ǰȥһּңǰôɵĸһͨ۸ĸԺڱ߹Ҳɱ
ּȻֳеλǸĻѫû취ȡû⾯ǣּҲȥ۸ĸӡ
ڵҪֳʱһ㲵ͻȻ˳Ȼһ˵ĸǰ
һƴɨ˶Էһۣϳĸסڳү޺֮ǰһӵ˶ԷѨ
ȵٴλǰʱһƴŴ˰ѳүͻ˳ҡȻҴѾּңۺҲҸϳţǳүסڳ
Ǳ߼ү˻һϻ̳ϿֵĿǰˣǻǨŭͷϡ
ȻˣȻүǳҵˣǳұϾҡ
ȵһƴˣү˰ѳүʡܳ¶ˡ
һߵĳʼն֪ĵڵĻһܵĵȴͶι
ڿСѾͷһСһСڳţΪ˳ƯĹϵԶӶȱ˺ÿ
ڿſţ̲סչȥĴǣҲ볢ԵĶòóԡ
Ҳߣ̧ͷһСĴϣȻһ۵ļĶ
ڱòȫѹСѾͷݺݵ۸һ١Ƚǿһ֮ɰһΣӡ

 59 ( ? ?? ?)?

ڽӵڵź, ܼұѸõԺʰ˳ֻΪӭӼظү
ھӪڽӵϢʱ, ̾ķֱӻò׼һ, ûü׽׽ͱȥ㸮ˡ
һλӺ͹, ֱĸûڸеʮӣԼСûĸŹ
Сʱڻʹûܿ, ߰ʱͱʵ͵ߡ˽֮, ʮֶµһֱΪΪĸ
ΪûԼĺ, ӵ谮ڹܾ, ˵ɱ, Ըͱе޷ġ
о, ûʱ˶ӽ̵͵ϴͻȻðһ˾ͳ, ʮӺ;Źӵ϶᲻ƽ⡣
Ȼĺӻ㲻֮䲢û̫ĸ顣ڲѪǸû취Ტۡ
ܹںúദҲ»šǵҸɫ, ʱͲҪˡ
ûڸҵʮ, æø˳ȥһȻֱŹС¥ȥ
ŹС¥淢ƢҲ˵ǸڿҪ, ĵߵ˳
źŹŮڵϣŹýĲǵ֣Ů۵üҪ˹ȥȴҷһĲҽ
ΪŹ˵ˣǸҴ󺰴ˣֱӰǵͷԺȥȻҲԸ䵽ֵطȥÿαŹ۸ˣҲֻϵù
Źͷ󺹵ӣӶĳ˳ǵ࣬ǸϽǶȥŪҵĵ档
ԱߺŵļŮ״æǰҪǳȥȻʱͻȻ洳˽
ڿ龰ʱʱ־ŭġ֮ǰײŹˣŹ͸úϴˣΪŹѾëˣȴû뵽ȻΥ
ŹҲһ뵽ĸôãæ۾ĵĸĸˡ
ѾʮˣѾһˣò˶Ҫ˵ģôСʱһء
ŹԲͣĵͷȫû֮ǰŰӡ
úѵһ٣뵽ĿģֻȰ¸һߡ
һ£̾һˣԺ˵ɡĸ׽չΪӵ£ӵĳӾҪﾩˣʱһȥǡסˣδӣǧܵȻĸҶסǡ
ж࿴ڣǵ˶һġֻҪǸɵӣ֪˲ܵ
ΨΨŵŵľŹ뵽ǵʮӣʱ̲סüͷ
Դ֮ǰ֮;ԼĸʮʧܣҲѹôϲڡ
֮󣬶ܿĳȲһ֪Ǹбеˡ
ڲ书ǿԸȣȶһ̫ӣ˻ӷһ𣬶ڸǹϢ
ٿԼӣʱ̲סһĺڡ
ʮӺ;ŹʱǾѾ߰ˡΪǰﵱԼңһʼʱͶʮֳ硣ȵֲԵʱӵԸѾˡ
ҵĺӣһҲǽģֻҪǲʲôƽƽĳҲûʲô
ֱ֮ԼƺشˡҪǵԸ񣬿ҲһһϦܾġ
ŹﲻΪ⣬ϻʮֹɵĸסˣһúô硣
ô״Ӧˣǲĵĸ߶ĸΪǺá˲ǵģߵҲҪ֡
ȵŹ֤һǳ뿪ˡ
ŹӰԶʱŭһƿͳԱһŮȥ
ŮŵþһŹӸˣǰһץסԷͷһŭݵвУУҿмͷ԰Σ
Ů֪Լˣŵ̱˵ϣͣĿͷĵӣӣū֪ˣū֪ˡ
ŹһۣĺŸʲôҰסͷ

峿ڵûеﾩǰ˵׾
׾Ķ棬ݻŵʮŹ
ΪͻȻϻ⣬ʮŹĴھͱʮΡںúദⰲǸһˡ
Ź˵ʮŹҹͱӴûһȫ˯ˡ
׾˼ڶʮӺ;ŹǱ߻ûж˱̲סȥ
˯øʮʮֲüͷҪˣȴһԵŮСֹˡ
ʮһ£Ǹʲôģæ΢һݣŮĲ
ȵƵʱ˰ѾֻʣͷľŹ
Źʮˣ̲С磬ǲǷˣʱ򻹰ڼӡ
ʮɨǰһۣеĿһҲ밡ظͰҹˣڴûãͱ˸
ʮӴյŹǰѹǡոտûôǲǸһª
ŹɫһףæڵȥȻֺ̧ݺݵŤ˶Էһ¡
ŹԸȻ裬Ǹе̻еġβϲڣҲ֪ȣûĸĹһǴ
ڹҪôڸӵҪôڶ
ȻŻʵ۵ѪΪĸǸŮĸΪˡڹĵλ͵ٵͣһССĹŮԸɫ
ĵӣһŭ֮°ӻ˻ʹʱ֪Ǹʲô³ء
ŹǲҲҪվһܾҪ
ʮæ𰡣㻹û˵㿴û׳ô
Źе飬ΪҲûãʱѾˡ
ʮӼӣʱˡȻе飬ǲŹô¡ϾҲճէӦòΪ¸ǼƽϲŶԡ
ʮŵʱ򣬱鲻ѵľŹڵǰ
ʮɨһڵֻһʮͨʱ̲סﳰӾӣһûСˣ϶û츻
ʮŹʱھ֪ˡվ治˵ŪһЩƺҪԳȥӣڵǶʱЦ
˵ԸҲϲΪѱ˵ˡ˵ܵáʱǴк
˶û³⸱߸ϵɣڶʱûкúദ˼
ǴӻԼңɲȥɫĶ̬ȣͲҪļҡ
뵽ӣѾ˾Ǵȥһ׵


 60 

ʮӺ;Źվ, ںͳҲû˼˲ͷʱ򣬳һƴͻȻֱӴǰʻ, ȫûа˷
ʮӼ״һ, 漴һŭָʲô˼ʲô˼
ŹҲʮҵô˱ֳ, ֻһסʮӵֱۡ
Źüˣˡ˼ҵȵ, ǵ˻, Ҳǻ೶ƽˡ
ʮԣȴһĲƽ⡣һũµҰ, Ҳʮӱȣ
ȻʱһӵĻ, ǰΧֵµı, ҲûҴ󳳴
ү״, ʮŹһۣ̲סЦһ
֮ǰʮͽӪʮӸԲһͷ, ȥ˻ʱͲˣЩ佫ΪƵġ
Բ˶ʮӵӡܲãʮӱˣǸĲﲻķ
ԭΪûк, ǽԵԸ, ̲סΪеġ
֪һ⣬⺢ӻھСڣ˵̲סˡȺ佫ǿ, ھٶȱ㣬ҲλгϢ

һ͵ſڡ˿ʮŹǰʱ˵ʱͱĺѿˡ
ǰ˵ݻһʮ˲õġԱ͵ԵøƯˡ
ӻϢ˶֪ˡвһ͵ڳſڣ뿴ӳĵΣǲ֮ͬ
Եӻʱв˿ǰݻΪ档
ڰյʮܾأвϰΧǰӣŪǰʮһ겻ѡ
ʮһֱӵǸҲϰ˳֮⣬ǸӡҲϰΪ֪ϵ֮ǰ
ʮԼʮӵ˼״Ҫ˻ȥˡǿһ۽ľŹֻӲͷƤķȥ
Ĺܼҿ˿ǰҲ̲סΪСһѺ
ĹܼսϾȻģһֱʮʮ־ڲѧʮ뽾ԵľŹܼǴʮֲϲġ
ܼҸЩһû⣬ʵһ˾ÿϧ顣
쿪ۣҵүүԸ书ʱһ˻ϲѵϲ¡
ʮӺ;Ź֮󣬾Ϳһǣ˻࿴һе顣ںܿھˣתע˻æܵ
һۣ۵βסʧ֮ɫӺôųģȻʮֲȴˡ
ʱڷųҲůĲһͬ
ΪʮŹ£ӡʮֲáڿʱҲûбֳ̫顣ֻųһ
״ҲûЦڵļȻһȥ
һȺ˺ƺƵߣһĺͳĸŮ˵ǸʮֺദԸ
ʮӺ;Źһʼעȫϵ˰ϣԲûйע
ƺڵ˰ŵŰעɢ˳ϣȻ˾ͱ׵ò𾪵ˡ
ʵֹʮӺ;ŹȣˣҲʮ־ڳò
֮ǿģ治ͣţڲ֣ȢŮ˶˫ľɫ
ʮӵ뷨ͬԭе㼵ãȻһӳĺӡ񿴼òӣʮӵ̲סӼˡ
ڵ쵽յ˲ٰܶԷʲôˣûмǵ˼Ϊһ·ƣʱֻǺúϢϢ
סԺƯģԺﲻһƯˮ¥С԰ﻹͷ÷¹
ڿΪæǰæˣԭǵ㲻õӡɢˡ
һ·͵·ͨЩװĶǽ鱦
ǾŹԴˣҲһӼôıԭǸʱȴ̲סڸĹ˲١
ںͳĶ٣һֱʰŰѶȫʰáǻĵ죬˹ǸޱȵĻʵۡ
ʵ۴ǿϣΪϴˢԩϵǹڴ˷ҸӣϵְλˣԺҲ׼̤볯á
֮⣬WһˡһӵҲûйλֻÿ˶ʮ壬Ȼڼʵʵı˼
֮޴ںͳȥ󹬼̫ʱȻΪҵ飬ľ͵˰·ϡ
ǰȻңȴûô档һǲܳӣһǧųĵŮټϻҪһ㣬ھ͸ûлǰˡ
ҿٻģڴСȴûܹһôҳ˲ٵĿͷԭҾĻԹޣͻȻɫҲÿ


 61 

Ƶ, ̲סһĨ顣Ͼ˵ҪڵˣýľȻWСӵĵ, ҲҹȻǽһ
뵽ǰܵĿ, WԳĸŮĲҲ֡Ҫǻʵ۵ĳ, Ϳ˵Ļˡ
ε̾һ˵ҲǹǲܡôҲû뵽ӵõ, ȻĶӡ
˵, Ǳ̫˾ȿˣү, , ˣ̫ﶼȲ, ҪūԹһ߰
˵̫ߵһū, ֮ǰûע⵽ĴڣʱԷĻʱһ˿⡣
Ȼ˵ӲӦü⳼ڲ𣿿ֲֻ, ߻ڣԼ
ϧȴôʱ䣬ûü˵һ仰, ͱ̫ǸŸغˡ
ūԶȥ, ߵһŮ̲סߵӸô찡, ֮Ҫ𣿡
һĨ꣬һȻعȳԼĹȥȻԼûãֻͨʵ·ˡ

ԭ̲סģ̫Ǹദ̫̫ǵ˼ҵʱ򣬲ŷִ˵֮ϵ̫ʵܴ顣ǵڵʱ˫ǴȰ
̫ΪǿʤӮ˺ôŮˣ̫ȨƵŮˡ
ⱲһźСΪ˻ʵ۵Ľɽ밲ˣҲûлӵԼĺӡ
Ҳˣûڻʵ۵Ķ߶ǺԺʹˣһڴߵĺӶûС
ʵҲöпǷԼϥȥϣԲǰ塣
޾֮·ͻȻ֮һ⣬̫ںһЩ
֪ڵ̫֮˰Ĺȥһġڵ֪ʱҶļŰʱ̫̲סһܡ
ڵڵĸΪʲôỳгҶү檣лһβΪ֪顣
ɽ˵ʱһũŮũŮò绨ԶҽũŮദڼ䣬Ը˳СﶯŮ˼ҪȢΪޡ
û뵽·ϱ߹ս¸漱ֻܽű߹ظȥȻûиũŮݣȴũŮһһŮûȴũŮȥ
ũŮļĸ;ûһϼҡȴû뵽δصϼң;нɽ飬ɽɢˡ
֮ӱ߹ػѰ˶ԷãΪѾɽ֮Сȴû뵽ũŮ󣬲ûɽ棬ҵһ;ˡ
ũŮΪò绨ʱүһۿˣҪũŮ뷿Ϊ檡
һʼũŮ⣬ԼѾСŴŮδУŮҪźӱġ
ũŮҵ˸ţΪ˱סİ֮˵ĺӣֻίȫӦү
ũŮүͬһү͵͵һҩѾүͬļ
֮һڲʣһֱûүȻ˵ԼУү͸ûлˡ
తڳ֮Ϊ˵߹شսܵϢвٽʿս֮Уټʱ⣬ڲ´ʱ御
ĸʱϲҲѹȻܿŶӳˣȴΪİ˸ɸɾ뿪

̫ڵ֪ũŮƷʱǸжۡҪǶԷƴȫΪסѪڹһӶûС
Ȼڵ˰̣Ҳڲò̫ԽԽϲ̲סһһųСͣȥġ
ûܵ˵ĳ谮ʱĸŻͦڵġŶϲ̫̫ҲĪľůֿġ
֮ǰһֱܻӭСС;͸ȥֳǣһ˹¹ׯϡĹӣʵûͨ˼ҵĺӡ
ͨ˼Ȼòԣ˼Һôĸ˫ȫ˵Ĺػ³ġ
ʱڲĽˣΪҲиףĸԼ˵Ľˡ
̫رãͷҲ㡣С˽ߣһ߻һߵĸвٱܶණһǻʵﶼšһǶϲģøĸ
˽̫յһʹ;޵ٳ衣ںͳأȻԼȥѡҪǴȥˣ֪жҪĽ۾
Ȼ̫ҪѡںͳҲûѡ̫Ӷ£̲סӵϲˡ
Ըѡһͷ棬ѡһ֬壬һīָ
Ȼ̫вٵŮǻʵ۵ĺ̫࣬ЩŮͲϡˡֻһӣ˼ҵ۵׾ͱʮֱˡ
һڹ磬ȵǻصʱѾˡ
ʮһֱò׳˲ڣȲܳȥء
ϧʮӽò⣬Ϊܶ˶ڸڵ¡ֲõ˵ڵĻֻܱһӵˡ
ʮӻظ֮󣬱żòŮԺͶΪӮвͷĹϵŮһî˾ҪӮŲôģŮִ
ʮӼ״ֹ˵һһбԣ˭ȰѶԷ·ˣĽ͸ǡһʱ֮ԺӳţòŮǵļ
ԭܼڸй䣬ͻȻʮԺǱߵĶܼҵɫʱѿ
̣Ǳݺݵһ֮ﲻԾæߵ뿪ˡȵںͳϱҵҪ뿪
ϲΪʮŵˣ֮ǰѾˡΪĸףĲʺһֱסŮҲͨ˼ңϵĸ鷳
ҲûǿڵļңǶ˵ȴǡϿ۶ãﶼǿ˶Ǽ¡ڸһԺס£Լסʮڣʱ
ĸףɽ½£ҲûĸɵӸ
֮󣬱ӦϵͿʼޣҪһլӣΪ϶׼һЩɿ뻤Ժ
ȵ뿪֮ůѽ췢飬һһʮȫ˳
ʮŵ̲ס΢΢ЦһһռȵİԼˣ
ܿҲ֪£֮ǰͲϲʮӣΪˡԺĴ߶ⲻײСޡ


 62 

һ, һ䡣
֪ʱڽе˸ǰ, 򵥵ĹСȻͷ书ò, ֮һȥ˳Ӫ
ֹ̫ӾʺսҲʺսֻһ, øհԼϻͰӵ߹Ǳ߽ҵȥ
Ȼȥð, ȴȥӪӪȻ, Ͼĵ̣ҪվȽŸ, ͱĴ¶¶
ڵһ쵽Ӫʱ, ͱƵһȺ֮бԡһʼǲð, ûһ, Ҳͷſԡ
ȻȺ˾ͷ֣ڲ֣书ӺҲر, ֶĶ֡
ھӪʱóһƴ˳ʼѰһʵס
ıȽϼ򵥣ϣѰһȽϽլӡԺǱһ紵ݶ, ߶ܹ̽ӵϢ
ǾȽϽլ, ǾȽȨƵңǻʵΪλӹſġҪѰһһլӣĲһ׵顣
ﵹмķ, Ǽе룬ôôò̫ʡ
֪ҷӵ²ܼһʱֻϰĵסȵѰʵլԺ˵ߵ顣
֮ļ죬ڶھӪæµеʱҹﶼ
֪ϲ赶ŪǹĴʶȨ̲סڸеġΪܿóںƺҲϲסദʱǺȻһҲǸոϵĸ
⼸Ҳæǰ߾ûжӺŮڳӣҪ־Ͷ
ԭҪһЩ˹лˡȻĸףڶӡ󲢲á
ʮӺ;ŹģСԸͱˡһڶӡͺܲáǵˣڴųġ
óһƴˣȥһЩ׵ˡЩׯȵһʱٰһᵽ
ʱһЩˣЩ˶ֵεˡȻЩ˲࣬ʱҲʹ
߳ūûʲôȵˡŴ˹ȥܲĸûһˡ
һ磬ͻȻСꡣĩĳ꣬ɴһ⡣
һο棬۲Ϲŵļˡ⼸˶ǰѡģ˸պһС
򵥵ѯǼ⣬һʵֵˣ㳯һԵİݵ˵ͷݼͦģЦˡ
Щ˰ݶϤԺܸϵߣԺӿ϶̹ȻӸûʣϾ治ֹǼҵӣʮӺ;Źڡ
ǴһСģһӣ˵鷳뿪ȻԴùĶǵӡ
ȵ˶֮óԼСʼʱ˽Ľˡ
֪С˽ֶ˲ٶг˴ӻʹĸֱн̧һ챦һӵıǺöϱļ
ڴʱ򣬾Ϳڷ㶫ˣҲֻ΢΢̧̧ͷ
ʱĵϵ˰ǳ˺ܶ࣬ɲôֲˡ
תȥϴһ裬Ȼһɾ·ɱŸС˱ддġ
ڳһԵů״˳һۣʮɫĴӷ˳ȥ
ȵֻʣʱС֣ԼĴס
ڣ⼸̫æˣûʱú㡣ҿϢһ죬ûȥĵط
۾һʱȷʵƻˡëʣ̧ͷڵðҲһʱˣûкúھ䡣
˵ţ뵽ĵӡûʲô־ΨһİþǸʳ
ںЦĶĴ۾µµתţ̲סﵽԼĻ
ǵĶͷ뵽ֱûԲҲ֪СѾͷûڹ
ŵʱѡӣҲԲˡ
Сأһ£漴µС̲ס
˵ʵҪҪһˡǰͲԲȴ̲סеš
ڼ˵ΪԹæ߽͵ڹ֮ǰǵ̫СԲûиԲʵҲҪԲġ
˵˵ţҲһĨ˼ŻСޣȻͷĴһڡ
Ȼ֪ʲô˼˵
Сһ´һڱʰţʱҪǸҪˡ
˵ķʽȽӱ˱ϻһСȻѶһһɽȥǵļ˷ʽˡ
ڵǰܻԼ⣬żһ⡣
治̫Уȴʮͷԡ˵һЩĵӣĽǶҲȽǧٹֵġ
磬ڴųھĴһ䡣
˶ǸߵԸѡҲʮֵͨһҲǸ˼ҵ
֮⣬Ҳûдʲôӣֻ˳һƴͰˡ
Ȼĸһ·ͣͣ˲Сĺ͵ʳÿһֻһڣʣµĲǽڵĶӣǽ˰ݵĶ
ȵһҾ¥ͣ£ںͰݶԱˣֻܿųͳһƴԳԺȺȡ
ڼ˲ٶһСĻʳˣҪֹȥ
ҪڷƢ¥ͻȻһ߳Զһ߿ȥͿҹӴ꣬ΧһĽת
һʼֻһۣǵԷòʱһ˫۾̲סһĨȡ
СǸɰɣ
һת㿴㲵ɡʱҲڣҪȴߵһȺӵܸסˡ
ԭģǿǱӣջóһƴ˹
ǼҹԭܲҪڲҪ£֪˭ָڵڣ
˴˻һΧ˷׷׳߿ȻĻˡ

 63 

֮, һĿĸߴˡȻǰ˺ܸߴҲһ鵭ɫ˰, ǶԷһҲĿ
֮ǰڴųʱ, вΪóڣҪǰύڵĳ嶯ڵһֱ, һ־ǧ֮ĸоֻܶԶԶȴǰ̸
ڼΧ˿, ʮҳʱóñȻԳƯ, ֪Ҫ˵ĿءΪʲô֮ˣû취ܱ˵Ŀڳͣ
ɱһƴʱ, Ŀ̲סڳһۡڼ״̧ž͸һ, ɶʱǱˤڵϡ
ɴС˳˳ˮ, ֳһֱ׷Ķǵһεڱ˽ѵ, ̲סڲһĨԹޡ
ڿǱɣЦһŵ˵, ô˾
ȭͷһǺӵһ߲òش游˵ĸˣ˰Һĸ׽ӵ˾
Ȼûж, Ҳ˼Ӧү, Ϻɸ
ţڿԲҵľ飬ȴܲϵ֮
ڶƱһ, īһ˿⡣
үڻвΪĸӾܿ뷨ǿЦ
̧˳һۣº͵Ժ𣿡
Ըɴᣲ˲ǣȻţԺˡ
֪ˣǱ߿϶Ҫˡ
Ȼ֮󣬱ֱӴɱҡ
ھǱס˴ҹ塣סĴٹ岻ͬס˸ӡ
Ҹİȣ㲻ʲô塣ֻʥ費˥ǰķޡ
гһգʧˣ˻ҲʥģҲͳ׷ˡΪҹȣҵжûһһġ
ڴ˵ŵʱҵŷһŷȥͨھʹųˣǵĳߡ
һ·뵽⼸ܵıٿЩ˼ڵĻ֣̿һ˫һ˿Ū
ڿǰȫİլӣڼ﷭˺þãҲûҵһ˿һӡĲãСͱϴҴˣԶŻİ
ڹʱԭ㲵ϴһĨϲɫ֪ڻģ˼㣬ҲΪٴιġ
֮ǰһֱݰ˸ˡ֪˾ڱԼ˹
ү֪ʱںҴү˵̵˵磬˵˲õİɣٴĿɽ󻹲ҪԹԵĻˣ
ҴүҡҡͷеɸֵĵһܴۡܵСͲȻҲôƵ
ϵĶ飬׷걻顣Ҳû취ܣԼŮ˱ǿΪ檵¡
֮ԻûжΪ˸ӡ˵֪ڵĸҶҡⲢǱѾǺˡ
үʮֵĲΪ⡣û취ڵ뷨ϿŮϻῴĳ£ҲΪƣүŻ޿֡
ȵֵ˸ϵ͵Ĵʱںڸ״⼸һһʮȫڡ
ǰϹʱ̲סЦһһӻǺǰһԸԼһİ취
үһͿ˵ԽԽˡĸ岻ãȴĴܣûаĸ׷
ԣ㱻Цˡĸܺãûгֹ⡣һңǾĸΪɣϹǰĹ뷿Ҫ͵͵ǽȥڻ֪˾
үɿɨһۣԷȫûа۵̲סһĨ⡣
֪ڲӣӦðҲʡ񳤴ˣȻҪԸӡ
үھİǡȴȫˣҪǵϺϵĸƣڵĻ·
ļҹȻĥʱֹһײȫû⵱£ڱͱ㱻ĥҲá
οڱϴˣҲûй֮ûʲô֮顣
һӵˣһĲ䲻͵ġһˣȫ˻ӣھĵطסŸ
ûĸ飬ү֮ǰҪ㡣
үе㲻ȴұֳûһְٰģΪӵǰû˵ķڳָ
үƤЦⲻЦǺǣ⼸ոȾ˷纮²͡
ЦһɴЦôö˶˵ľͷ纮ˣĪ˿ɣ
үԣһų˹ȥȻû뵽˵ֱӣ˵⻰ˣһεεŮˡ
֪ڶҵҲ֪ԺҲ˵ŻĲ档
ڿ˳һۣѹ´һŵЦ⣬漴ɨһԱߵɵȥĸ
ԣæתȥү״ֹһԵүסˡ
ȥϵʱܵ˵ڳǲپʲô
ȵɴϹһھͺ۾Ůˣܿ
ɨҼһۣһվһߡ
˵ţҪֱӰ˴ߡ
һֱѹŭү״һʱûסʹһ˳ָڵıӺڣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ңĸ塣ڽ˵ʹˣҪģˣһĻԸ˵ȫң˻ӷﰡ
ֵʱү֪ˡ˶óһֱŻ֮û̷ǾΪĸү޴Ҫʱɡ

 64 

, תүȥһ˫ںڵûһ
үڿ﷢, ˵ʵȻ, ϵĸףܹڵĴࡣ
ү, ǸӻũŮҪǵ̰ͼũŮɫôҲڳġ
Ͼûеӵ, Ūһ, ʲôֵҫ顣ڴΪֱǸЦ
ʶĥʱ, ֪Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡӵ, ͺˡ
Ȼʮ, ڵܴ󡣼һ, ͦ˹˵Ҳþ
һβүٷͿǱҴү˾, һڵ뿪ˡ
Ÿ뿪ĸӣүһջܾһӾˣŮҲǰˡ
ȵүص̲סϺһ١Ȼòļ, ɼҸ, ԽԽǸԼһҵġ
Ȼܸүһģһ뵽Ϊ滹̲סϰµġ
ǽͻȻ, вٶ˵ڵڿɲˣ˸һ϶ɢһơ
вūڣǶ֪귢飬һܺ鷳ϾΪڲܳ裬û۸һµ׺ӡԵʱ򣬲ֹҾûףЩҲһϻ̳Ͽֵġ
ԭȥģǺһ㲵ӡڵﲻֻðҽӵ
㣬᲻ίȻ׵ܵܣǵ֮һӶˡ
ϣڴĸӻظ飬洫ˡ
ŹʮֺڵĽС̲ס͵͵ȥһۡȻ;ķ֣ڵС㿡ΣȾЩڼĹӲ
Źİͽֳ֮Լϡ
Ȼǹҵ翪ţŮӵҪҲԱȽϿɡǾŹΪδŮӣҲֱȥСԾŹֻ꺮ůһһ߹󲻿ʵ뿪ˡ
ȵŹһߣϵЦݾ䵭ߵĸ̲סˣŹʲô̬ȣһʩӣúһһܳĹ㲻ԼǼµǸ
ȻϾø˵ĺܶԣϾּңæ£Сĸǽж
æ죬ȴʮַ߷߲ƽүļңǿһռȵ
Ϻһסգһڴؼ˰ĸҲ˹
ڴЩ˶佫֮ǰսϻܹˣ֮㲻ܼսˡ
֪вмĻҺڣһЩŵù˻ǾϻˣҲͨĻԺҪǿܶࡣ
Ҫǰϣɣ˵ߣΪǲ˵ĿƣֻͷͷҲȽϷġ
ڰԼ뷨˵ˣϺԥľѡĸˡԺڵˣĸηǱߵˣҵҲ׶ڵˡͲ֣֮ǰˡ
ȵˣҲˡһʮĸˣһʮ꺺ӣһʮСꡣ
ǸǰҲϹսǸžһĳΪһֻ۾֮ǰӾˡ
˿ݾݵһˣ˵ܴ󣬿ԱųСѾͷɡ
ֻŮ֮ԸʹȻϹһֻ۾ҲӰһֻ
Ǹ꺺ӣǰֵµʿΪڻ±ʱչĶࡣԷȳһ֮ҲûĲмҲ˴һ
պȱһԺ꺺רΪ
Ǹݵ꣬˵Ǹư͡Ϊ˵ԭھӪʱû۸
Էü˳۵ģȥ԰źЩݲݡƶһ˵Ҳø˽ʺֲ˵
ҲԼģڰѡġܾɳˣҪǿΨһĶӣûܽ
֮죬ڴĸھһȦȻóһƴˡ
гһƴߣ·ϵûʲô飬ǱҲһԹԡ
ȵĸߺڱԽԽæµˡٽ·ݵʱڽӵһʥּһȥ˷ˡ
Ҫ˷˵Ĺ̶Լӡʮ־ȵǣھϵȷʵڡ
˷˵ʱ򣬳ڸҵ˺ʵլӡİ£һ¼ҡȵڸϱ˳
Ȼ˶ϺܿҲѰ˼סվļңϻǾסԼİ
ȵϰ֮һλˡλ˲ǱˣǸ֪ٵʦ
Էڵıһھͬ⣬ѱʦ
ʦǾãͽܵĶеⲻȥóһԺԧ콣ںͳ
ԧ콣ʮƯûмϡ汦ľŹһ۾Ϳԧ콣֮еĴƽ
ʱ䣬ŹദĻǢҲûб¶ĲϲŹΪСӡ
һ죬ǰŸ뿪Źű˹ˡ
ڱԣһеĳűϡŹˣҲֻģ̧́Ƥӡ
Ź״Ҳû⣬Цǰɩɩôɿڵĵġ
ЦЦкҲԶŹĿɨһܣһ״ʵɩɩ֮ǰ˵һϡԧ콣֪û۸һǱ
ߵůԣ̲סЦһ֪Ź׼û¡
֮ǰֻҪǸֶҪӡΪ̫ûطţҲʹ󷽵ġ͡һЩ
ȴû뵽ô֪㣬ҪռӵıˣԷθڴ󿪣ҪӸյõϡԧ콣
һԧ콣ӵġ컹˵ҪӼʽءºˣӻûаأͱŹˡ
Կůһۣ˵ȥѽСÿۡ
Ź⻰ʱ̲סһϲȻŽ֣Ͳų
ǾŹ˶֪Բ¡Ϊɲøһ¡
ھŹŵʱůѾһµĺ˳ŹһǺӣͻæůǱ˹ȥ
ȵѺӴ򿪣ǶԴ쾫׵Ĵ۽ʱһ˫۾̲סԲˡ
֮ǰ;⽣ƯһͲͨ⽣ȥҫ϶вٵŮҪĽˡ

 65 

ɢĿһԵС, žŹε̰ģ̲סһ˿⡣
ȻʮŹޱ, ǳûо¹ǡ֮ʮŹ, ֻǲڴõǿںƢϡ
еʱ, ˵İǲ֪ġ˰Ĵȣӻʱ
ůų۵׵, ֪ӾŹӵˡȻܴ, ǶǶһЩûõĶһ漰үĶֻҪ˸Ҹ, ӾԲ顣
ȻǱߵľŹ, ûвһ˿һЦеĴƽ, Ȼһ˵ĶԳɩɩ, ѽƯɩɩܷҼ죿
Ź˵ǽ裬ȴҪռ, Ϊѽʵ̫ƯôƯĶУ˵ͻĵ
һԵİݼ״ɫʮѿһۺʣµһѽʮֲʵ֪, Դ۽ĺ壿
ȾŹõĿ, ھŹߵŮͲǰʲôʱֵū澿ˣ
һ䣬ֻŮ;Źһûа
Ůݴ˵, ΪԼưѶԷŵˣ̲ס¶һĨЦ⡣ҲŮĿˣҪھŹôˣϰĴаԵ
ʱ䣬ŹԳɩӺܿ˶֪ŹûѳŹ֮ԶԳֻǿӵϡ
ڵӣƾƯŹᴦʮҲŹˡʮİãĥЩò绨Ůˡ
ʮڼò󣬾;ߵЩ˶ûζҪξԼҲǸɵӣܵǰˡ
ֺŮ̲ס΢΢Ĺ˹ǵȻϲǾͰѽ߰ɡ
ůͰĻʱ̲סһȵĿһֹӣȻóþŹ
ûпǵı飬ǱһĵľŹҺͬһˣϲʲôɩɩȻҪ˫ַϡ
Źû뵽˵еԵ˵ɩɩ˵Ҿϲɩɩ󷽵ˡ
΢΢ǣһǣһܺ۸ܺ˵ģ
ȵŹ뿪󣬰̳ס˵ӣô԰ѽóȥǽĵԢ⡭
Ȱݰѻ˵꣬һԵůʱǰһӣ˼ˡ
ЦƳůһۣĵ˵ʵŹ޳ԹĲӺǰµӣֻҪܺͺദҾֺηءϧ̫̰ˡ
ŹˣǲܷŹġȻҪǾͲҪĺˡ
ϣůųϢʦ͵Ĵ۽úõĴһǵþٸ˼ңҪԢõĴ۽һۡ
ھĴ۽ʱ򣬾Źһѵʱ򣬾һ봫֮дƽһģһĽѯѽǲǴ֮еǰѴƽʱ򣬾ŹҲûжˡ
Źڶ֮УһλŹϵȽ׽žŹһNɪӣ̲סѾŹû˵ĵط
ԭŹһȺ˴ţеƮƮȻˡʱϵһԣһˮһʱҲ˲Ծ
ǲɵˣ⽣ʦ͸ӵġӦ͸㣬Ҳܾ߰Դ۽Ԣ⣬ʱףġɵɵİѴƽˣ۽֪˻֪ôأ
ѵĻ֮󣬾ŹҲò̫뵽֮ǰôװѽ¡߾ǳʱ˶ò˽
һԵĺסȻƽŹˣŹ͸Ӳý
ѸŹ˼Ʋߣһȥʹĵİѽȥʱ£ĶҲԲΪȥ
λѲھŹ˻뿪ۿŹĽˣ̲סʼҵĲ
ΪŹƽʱˣԵûбôáȵЩ˻صԼļУͰѽͼӴ׵˵
ܾŹѽģҲǳʲôĿģնµһ
ҲûаֻþŹԸͷֻҪŹԹ԰ѽͻҲĺ;Źƽϡ
óʮǣŹڵĻ󣬲ûеһʱǸһֱȵڻˣһʦĴ˹ˡ
Ź̸֮һʼҲʮֵĺ¡ǻص֮ԽԽΡԼ˵һ£֪ԭƲ
ŹΪԼǱݺǸץס֤֮󣬾ҪӵҴĿ
ŹΪԼռǸ˽ԸΪڵ֪֮һίķϣ´»СС»ˡ
ȻŹʱֻǶ豭һڲ裬ȻĿأ˲Ķѵʵ𣿻˵ɩɩѽߵģ
ԴڴųŹȻദĲࡣΪܺãܶҲ˵Ǹ˽֮ˡö֮֮ڹ˽Źġ
ŹΪ£һָǰߴӢˣͻȻԼ뷨ǶôЦ
ŹڲԸˤ뿪ˡҪ¸ĸĸһվߵġ
ûдСԡǾǰѽÿҪ漸ѡ
Źŵʱȫ֮ǰɲģǲѶ˼ҵġ
ȾŹȥŹʦ£ֱӴ
ɫ̲סһŹ治£뵽ԷϾĺӣûסүŶСԹˣҵ¾ȥһúõѵһ١
ɫûкתüͷȻ飬ǲʲô鶼֪Ŷ֮ǰ;ȥϱҪĸ׵Ҳ֪úù̹ܽܽȱԵĻǴģôͰ⸱̰С˵ģ
ɫ΢΢е㷢ףʵҲΪʲôŹȻ׵ʱڹԹٵĿͷԴӵԴöȶͷһݵģŮ˹õӶҪá


 66 

Źϵʱ, պʮֵùײƽʱǴھӪʱŹȫû뵽, 
ŹʮӶе㺦, ȻģĹϵǺ׽
Źǰ, ԭҪֻعĶʱˡе㺦µĿһ΢ɲĶҡҡͷ, Ź֪һҪùˡ
Ȼ, ȾŹոոɫƵĿڵոȥɩɩʲô
Źһѻ, ֪϶ƫ, ˭Ůأ
ŹСĵĿһ, Ȼί˵, ʷʲôҪǳңôͻȻܵǰ֣
һΣ⺢ȷʵˡԾŹµԸ, ڻʹ壬ԼôĶ֪
Ҳ٣ûʲôƵլ֮ŹŻȵĳ
Լܹȥ, Ҫ㶼ѡΪʲô֪, ϾǱһһ
ʮŹûи飬ȻҲȥ, ϣǺܺƽദġĲڣʱҲܹˣϾ˵ڲġ
ŹĻе顣֮ǰȷʵûȥΪԼ鲻֣ҪһСҳ˽ô౦ĸ͸ģǱǻʼҵĶҪһôˣ
Ź촽֪ĵ׿ǲġŹȻҲɵһҪƫֻ̻ܹԹԵĿڿʼϴǾŹó飬ǰÿһ飬㿪ѵġ
Ź̵Ǹˣ̲סҪŹ˵ȻںͳȽҪǾŹϾġ⼸飬ҲȫŹ£Ҫ»СС»ˡ
үŶ㲻£˵ĸ׵ĴҪ֮ǰûа̺ãҲ¡
ɨһۣҪƫ̻ŹΪҲ⡣ȻڣŹԼʮӣûκѪԵϵڸջظ˵ǸŹʮӱȽ׽ϾӺʮĸ˵֮ûиǲܵġ
飬û취ƫ̻ŹΪΪûһϲӡ
ŵɫ̲סɷס
ò׽һ㣬ɲԸΪ飬ү˶
Ŀڵү檲ƫ̻
Ļ˵꣬㲻͵Ļ˻֣㲻˵ˣȻôҪǱŰɡ
˵һ仰˦һת뿪ˡ֪ǲˣĸŮӣܾ쳣İۡ
תȥıӰŹе㲻ƳһܾԼһ
ŹСĸ
ɫе㷢ףԿ˾ŹһۣŹıŵˣǣǿĳ˳ǡ
û£㸸Ƣȷʵ㲻ԣһȥ˼ҵǸҲ˽ҹˡ
ŹȻʮֲģǿѿɫջʵʵĴӦˡ
ȵ˻صԺӣŹԽԽǱĻţץԱһƿ˳ȥŵļŮɫɷס
ڷתһȦҵĶȫˣĵĶżŮǲҲҴˣ
ǼŮһ󲻰ʵ̫˽ŹƢˡһش𲻺õĻȴǵı˵ĥ( ? ?? ?)?
Źһڵϣûһ̧ͷ˵ģĵ׵һɻյøˡ
ưǻش𣡶̧ͷúûش𱾹Ļ
ŹԼԺӴʱڻ״⼸һֱæûаѾŹ˵Ȼû뵽ǣŹҲǸģȻ
ڱŻｿĽޣ֮󣬱΢΢һ˫üԺ󲻱ǨҲøӡڽ飬ҲûȷʵԵѵ
ڵĻ̲ס΢΢һϲ֪ڲֱӸԼƾŹҲǸĳݶĻŮˡ
ڼЦ۾ģԼĻϣȻ߶֮ǰ˵ҪԲģûһȽϺʣ
΢΢Ӳһ£ҲɿȾ糺졣̧͵͵һۣ˵Ա֮ǰ˲٣ֱʱûٳԿͷ
е۵գ̲סͷ°Ͽһڡ
ڵ΢΢һ£漴̲סСŮѹϡȻ̱ˣǽӦÿȳʡ
һ磬ڵĻ棬ѵõܰʱ⡣Դӻص֮ھҲûʱˡһ˯ʱ⣬ڳ˵Ƿǳѵõġ
ûãůÿʱҪ밲ġsuir һҲȥůĴߴ
ڿųɢСģ̲סеҲûа취飬ڵĸףֻҪռĸ׵֣ϱľҪȥ밲
ůͰݵź£ܿϴˡůڿӲϵĺۼʱ̲ס΢΢˰һۣӺԲˣūҲڿԷˡ
ݵ뷨ů࣬뵽Ҳûн˱ˮﻹ̲סе㲻̤ʵĸо
ȻڸܺãҲһܵģΪŮݺů֪ûԲ¡Ȼ˵ǲԲΪүϧСǳڵҲСˣǾ̲סʼеż
ȰݺůȥŮͨ˵ǾŹ˹ˡһŹˣݵ۵׾һĨᷳŹˡ


 67 

ҲŹ, ҪǲһˡŹͲϲɩɩҲԸŹ
ǱԼ·, ͨ㲻, Ҵȥ
ЦŶڵǾͷˡ
ɨ˰һ, ʾⰬݸԼһȥȻǾŹĴ磬Ҳ㵥Ź档ΪʡȥһЩҪ鷳, һһȥ
ݼ״̻, ųϥڵ뿪ˡ
ůһǰһ뿪Ӱ, ̲סС, Źûû, Ƿˡڽүڸ, ͲȥӦˡ
ЦĿһۣû뵽ŹôŮˡ˵һӵô, ŹҲǱȽбˡ
ƫľŹû뵽˻ڡǰĹʱȥӪˡ˵ʵԴʶڵƫ֮˵ŹԸԳ
ڵĿ⵭ɨһ, ƺڵžŹ⡣Ź״е㲻, ʵǰ֮ǰǾŶ£ǵôʹɩģԽһǸ, ɩҪŶƽϡ
˵Լ£̲סЦһ£ûǴĻӦñɩɩʹˡ
Ȼռųɩ壬ʵȴȾŹʮӶСΪʲôóǳҪ
ѵΪǹӦȱ˸󲻳ɣݣҲжôҪڹȥĸˡ
ŹڵĻ̲סһ˿աû뵽⻰ֱںĴ
Ǿʮŭ뵽˵Ļֻܲ鲻Ըѹĵ׵ĻȻװһѵģ
ڼ⸱ģ˵ȻǸģǲõĶô㻹
ŹɫеҲסˣԭˣǡĶͲ㻹ȥˡϾҲǸԿžһ˸ͷô˵ҲҪѸռı˸ռˡ
ڻ˼ŹһʱûסѿڶӰܻҵˣ˶ΪĶǰѶǿˡ
Ź˵仰;ԼˡŹʵɵưԡˣһƿ飬ԲŻһٶĳ嶯¡
ʱڵɫˣʱҲҼˣæתߵŮȥǰѽͻ
ڼһԸӣͻȻֹȻôͻǰѽ͵͸ˡ
Źһϲ̲סе֣ոڲǻһӣôתۼͱô˵ˣ
ȾŹɻʳڣڲҲСˣʱѰһʵ˼ҳˣǰѽ͵͸ļױ
ŹһһæվһŵĿڡ
Ȼ˵ǣҪΪŹѰһź¡˭֪ԾŹڵûԸȢ
˼ҵŮôҪôľͱ˸ˣҪôҲĴ뿴ʱ
ΪŹǰ԰裬޳ȥίŰѾŹꡣ
ͻȻᵽ£˵úһҪΪѰżң˵һݲǱŷӣҪϳȥء
ʶһľŹһ˫۾ʱ񶾵Ķڣȫûƽαװӡ
ŹڣңңӣҲұޱȵĹҼˣʱҾֱֵʹȥǾԲǰڲġ
ֻǵЦЦȫûав¡ʵҲͲ̸
ĸ׾һͨĹ澣ûǿĸʵǲôġ
ŹòУĴ뿪ˡһһ뿪˽ˡ
ڵ֪Ź˵ʱ˱̻үһίӡ
һ߳ȥϱϵȻ׽һֱȽϺƽ˵˼仰ʹ뿪ڳҪ뿪ʱӭײɫѿľŹ
Źһ޶˵ðһŭҪΪﲻ㶯֣Ҫúýѵһͨ
ŹΪûеڣڽͻȻĻ£޷ǳ˵ʲô
ŹƵ񣬱֪ŹԿˣȻҲһ޲óӡ
̲סһЦŹкҲøŹ˷Ѹ顣ûԷһһҲûͣٵĴ
˿һĻ̲סεĿ˾ŹһۣžŹȥ
ŹһͨһǰԭںȲһ
æŶôˣ
˵ţʾҵŮ˷Źȴ˿ĿߵĸĸһҪȾȾŶŶ˰
е㷢ɣȫ׾Ź˵ʲôƺɻ󣬾Ź֮ǰڵĻͷβһһʮ˵
꿴žŹǲþŹȥ˼ҵǸġѾͷǺãûкúø˼ҵǸѼŪø鷳ˡ
̾һ㰡㣬˵ʲôð
Źʮίϸύӣ˿쳣Ŀ
ĸ㲻ܾܲŶŶˣŶֻĸߡ
ǸˣŹĻ֮һۡһûԼĺӣѾŹʮӵ⡣ȻӱˣǶĸһֱܲ
ԥƬֻ֮ѵ˾Ź䣬һˡ


 68 

ջû, ʹ˹ˡ뵽֮ǰŹӣ֪϶Źйء
ڼ, ֮󡣳֪ŹΪʲôô, ԭþŹĻҪЮҲѹһֱ߸ϵľŹˡ
һ˵, һ̲סͷЦһ¡û뵽ڻϾڵƢٺŮ˼ƽϵ, ŹҲǵˡ
Ҳ֪Լ, û̫ȨȥָڡֻϣڿϣһܴдĲŹƽϡ
ϧ, һ˾, ǲ׸ı, οһҲû
β, Ҳ̲סһ˿ֲڵĸ˵̸ֻܲɢ
ȵ˰ߣе㵣ĵʵĸ, ĸҪǺˡ
Բ⣬סһЭˣŹĹϵԺ϶ٲĦȻҪ, ֺαװһТӵģǵļ, Լﶼס㣬Ҿûõˡ
֪ڵ˼۵̲סȾһĨЦ⡣
ѵڲȥӪ, ڸĴߡĴ߶һΪŹעĿǲǸŵʮӡ
СţȻͷﲻÿһľ¶ʮƯ
ϵİ̺ۼûˣ˿ӢҫۡߵĳҲʮòһķ羰ﲻٵūͼǣ̲סҪ࿴ۡ
û߶ãڱһ֮ǰ׼һƥСһֱҪҸʱ͸ųȥ
ȵǳׯʱڱ˰ƥСǣ˳һƥʮֿɰغɫССһﳤüĿģһСеġС
ֻһ۾ϲˣ̲ס߹ȥСͷ
͸ҵģ
ڼĺϲӣҲ̲ס
Ȼ͸ģ⼸ûʲô£Խ̽
һ⻰ʱʮֵĻϲԴڳӣǶܺʱһˡ
֮죬ÿ춼ųܡһͳţ˲Żظ
Ϊѧԭ⼸һͷȻڸѡС˳ΪÿҪϰüʱʱ˴ȶĥһƤ
ˣѧʮֿġҪۻˣȻϣƻСĴء
⼸Źʮʵһֱڻ鷳Ǻ˵ųȥ棬Ϊ֮ǰʹ˽ҹˡ
ʵ죬̲סԼԺȥļѡ
Ҳ֪ǲȽϵùմ˺ƺƵĳںͳײ˸š
ֻгһڻãװûпȻӵ뿪
ڳ߻ڣŹֻܲʲԸǰȥȻ˵ע¹ԹԺˡ
ڿžŹһԸӣԭĿʱŹʲԸģڵʱ򻹲֪ô۸СѾͷء
ʱڱǰһ䣬ŶҲСˣôҲĸΪŶ࿴˼ң
ǶôһˣԶʱڵ˼Ȼദ࣬ȴѾ˽ڵƢһСǼˣҪǾŹ˺ֵܹ£ǲ˵Ļġ
ŹˣɲԸΪһµŮͺġ
ţڶ˵е˵ŮȥɳΪĸ̸̸
һ磬ûһȥӪǰ鷿
һԼµΪʲô£ǲǻšͬʱӣֶһ˿
鷿ʱڷһСӣСǾʻ鹫ӵϡˣһ߷Ĳӣһʾǰ
ȿСʱ֪ûлˡѹĵһŵίǿЦŶүǡ
ԣĲӵݵ
ŶҲСˣǸúú࿴˼ˡ˼ҵĹô󣬺Ӷˡ
ɫ΢΢ףǶءĿۣŵʹү֮ǰ˵𣿾ŶС֦ҶģҲʺϺլ
ѻ˵꣬Ͳͷ˵ʲô˾ͲˣϾǱŮǲļ޳ȥ˵ΪءоǡΪĸݳʲôģ
ȻϲǶԴһʮ𾴣ѵ
΢΢۾ȻŹ˵ʲôǿɫֻܵü˳۵Ӧˡ
ȵŹ֪µʱѾ֮ˡڵôֹΪ֦ҶģֻҪɵӶȢ
ȢһڻȥǺլֵüɹģؼǣŹ˴£ҲܶԾŹôֻҪеͷԵҹ壬Ȣȥ
ԾŹҪ˵Ļֻܵͼޣ޸ЩŮݵˡ
˼ңûˣûȨûƵġ
ŹȨԸ޽ЩСС֮ܿࣿ
ʮӾ죬ʱ䶼ϡһŹͿ޿
ʮ˽ǰ֮󣬶ھŹ֮ǰ飬̲סһŶ㲻һ֮ͦǰ㻹˵ڷޣһƢ뿪ԶԶءԼ˵ĵһһ׵ģûϸŵǣԼɵˡ
ʮ˵˵ţûסûûεЦþŹǰһٺ
ʮӼ״һæһ߶һߵҲЦ˾ǣЦˡ
Ź۾ʮӵǿһϵƣڶԸңȹ˶þͻԸˣʱ㻹ЦЦĳ

 69 

ʮԲΪ, ;ŹϾһŹҪˣͲһ, ôϲ, Ҳû취ʮӸϳȥ
ңֻҪʵʵȥ, Ҳû¹Ͼʮôܳ裬Ҳǻʵ۵ĵʮӰôϲ, Ҳİô
ʮһ, ŻٳһʡĳְĳЩ˵ۣܽɳȥҰ
Źʮ⸱ģ, ֪ʮӿ϶ˡǶǴӹ, ͬĸ, ʵǵĹϵûжá
ʮЦеĿžŹŶ, ͲҪˡҲȷʵСˣѲҪһӲˣʱ˲˵ʲô˿϶ⲻЦ㡣㻹, úõѡһһķҡĹݣҲʲôίҪĻͼ޵һͨ档ʱ򲻽ñѹһͷ㻹ܼ
ŹȻЩ, ֻôò, Ҳ˸ӣʵǹСС
ʮòŹһʵĻС¥Ĳ, ߵĳŮŮһûк³ⲻջȥûãŮһѪ̧˳
֪Ů̫ˣǺ¾ŹŵþŹǼŮսľġ
˵ŮϾһˣŹԺһŮȻҹ˹˳Ժ
ں˵ǸŮ޿ĴԺʱůͰһ
ڴų㿴һҵŮԺһ߰һ߿
ŮϻвپˣһںͳˣԭҰܵȾһĨϣ
Ů޺үǾȾū澣ˡ
ǣų֣΢΢üͷô£
ŮûŬѹ¼飬ѾŹֶ˵˳ԭŮ֮ô󵨣ԼжĵΪ˵ŮУǸûĽ㡣
ڿһŮ֮󣬾֮ʵû˷ӡû취Žˣ㱧ƴһƴͷ͵͵ӵǰ
ȻŹ⣬ǳҲû뵽б˽¾Ȼˡմ˲ʱʱͱòһˡ
ȻǸŴˣΪܵ˺Ľǲϰ߶sha˵顣Ǳûз£ɱΪʮֲȡ
ҲþŹǷССһĳ˺ݶҲ֪ô̵ġ
߲ڴ˳ȥǱ߾Ź˸˹ŹƺûʶԼһʾҪֱӰԺŮߡ
ŮһŹˣŵɫ׼ʡһͲװģֻкһ˵˹ܰһųӡ
ڲþŹ˴ߣŹôõŭһͻȻܿƵbaoˡ
Źָڵһ٣ٶңΪûҾ۸ôѲɻܰͽβɣΪƽʱ㼸磬ҵĴˡҿõľŹҵĸǵ̫ӣ
ߵĶֵĺܴ󣬴󵽾עⶼѡһʱ͸պ˾ŹЩ
һŵΧһ˹һƬŹҲһæһֵĿ
ȻûԼļңھͰͻع
˵ţȾŹӦӼסŹȻʹžŹ뿪ˡ
һű˼ߵľŹͻȻ̲סھʮֺڣڵûкúý̵ŹŻѾŹ̳⸱ӡ
²죬ھŹɱˣȻͻػʹ飬ﴫķзġ
в˾þŹϧֻҪ΢һ㣬ΨһĴڡڱӻ˻ʹȻ˵ûĸף˶֪ѾŹ˳
֮Ҳ˹þŹĸ׵û̵áԭŹ飬ǻʵǱ߲ᡣ
ʵ۶ԾŹŮû飬ȻҲ͵ڵ֪Źֶк󣬻ʵ۸ûҪάŮ˼
ԭźӵľŹصʹ֮ͱýС΢ĸˣֱӼ£ĳʵ۲ܳӵŮҪֺٰӣĻ»Է
Źصʹգܲ˸˻ϽӳǻʹɲҲȥˡοڲˣѾ˱ϥµŮˡ
ʮڿŹ³Ĵڸиˡʱ䶼죬򲻵Ѹ
ûǰҴڵľŹһӰࡣ
һգһڴС԰ʢʱڣС԰вٻãҲ̲סź
ٽʱһдһˣֱӰѻԼ˸
ľٶһ̲ס΢΢գֵĿһۡ
ڱתһȦŰ˷Ȼѽеݵǰ
֪Ҫʲô״Ĵ˽УͿһʮ־µĽָ
̲סһϲˣ
ָǰãʱֻġʱֻһۣҲûʲôû뵽ֻһۣסöָ˰ѽָ͵͵˳
ڣҼջԣ϶ǺҪĶ
ȡһöֱָӴڵָϣȻԼֿڡ
ڼһȴСģǺЦѧųҲˡ
ָϵĽָ̲סЦ˵˽ָ֮󣬾ʹǱ˴˵ˣκҲܲ֡
԰һѱȻһ߱˴һߵԣǻһԲ
һʼû˼ȵ׹ʱ϶ʱһ̵̹ġ

 70 

, ʱѾǴˡ
ʮּѵĶ˶, ͸оһԵʹ鲼ȫ뵽ҹڵ, һ򶼾ԼȽϺƤʱ̲סһĹ̡
˵ȻһֱûԲ, ֮ǰҲûܵ¡һֱôһһʱûܸ, ʲôĲĶˡֻû뵽ô֮, ҹûϢıſˡ
һ뵽޳ֱۣɵ, ̲סһ١
һۻϢ, ԭҪϢ´, ϧ߹Լڵ״ҧӴ, ͻȻһֵ
ѻһĽë˶ڿҰ׵СʱԭеԺ˶ʱˡæ, ĶŵӶʱ¶
״æ۾Сֳһ£Ҫڵȥ
ڱܵ, עû·, ±֪СѾͷû¡ϾСѾͷиȪǶӹҪͨ˺úܶࡣ
ҲûԼ, ְСѾͷĿⴥԷϵĺۼͻȻҹﴺһʱûסѹ˴ϡ
˶˹̵Ĵ۾СֹʲôأģҪˡ
ԲûͣǿƵĳ½ǰСûиԲҲСˣʱúúòˡ
ֻһͲеˡǱ۸̫ңϳ˿ռ
һֱ֪иƣԵｿӣͻȻƾմӻʧʱҲû¶̫ȵɫ
ֻ˼Ŀ˿Լ֣ȻһĵĵСһȾ͵һ죬ֱڶʱ֣Сӿռð
ԭΪƽʱôæô÷Լ϶ҪȥĹȥˡȴû뵽ðͱڴһѱסˡ
һڷƢھ͵ס
ȵڷݵǹˣźЦſˡ糺һƬѹʵô´λ𣿡
ĵĺţе˵Ķ˶ӡ˵ʲôС˼Ǻ
ԲûԲܹ鲻һģ֮һʱ䣬СһֱƽġעǵʮӣżҲ˲ͬ
ԴӳԲٳȥˡΪ㱸Уĺӡ
С̲ûиڣֻߵůͰݡŮҲʮ־ľÿСŷóԵģֻŰѳĸһ㡣
ȵڷֲԾʱѾǾ·֮ˡʱƾϧոտǣµصһԪ¸˳д˸档
ƾϧţʮƾϧеˡƾϧĳڲŻò˶õʱ䣬Ӧþͻῼ״Ԫˡ
ڰÿȻɨһݣֱӸ˳ȥ
״һ£漴һεĻͷײɰһŵĴ׶ԡ
ѹѹīĺĶǰ˵ҲϲҲ׼ϲ֮ϲҲС
ĻˣȴҼ죬̫˽ڵĳƢˡΪһŸ϶Ϊںƾϧˡ
ڰѳһ߰ų޹ǵ֣һЦʵ˵ĳ˼ƻΪӣţ
Եɴ۾ͷ˭˵ģ
ůͰݲֻܱһܣǾ͵˵
ڱĴ۾ţеĿһȻʳأҪתƻ⣬ĴҪӣ
˵ʵҲҪӣҪһͳĺӣͬʱֲóܿࡣ
˵ŮӣҪѵġ֪Ȫ᲻ó֮ࡣ
һüͷ֪ʲôְ˰üͷЦ˵ģӲΣյġҵǰһҪȷʵסڲһˣȪӣᷢκΣգһʮֽĺӡ
оǣٹ꣬Ҫȥ߹ˡʱҿ϶ҪһȥǱ߶ӵĻӣھͰѺ
ԿãðŵѺҲȥ
ȥĻܷĽ˭ĸ𣿻
ʱҲҪһȥһȥܻû취뺢ӷôãȻ߹صʮֵĶӣһռȪˮڡǱߵĻôӣҲаհѺİװֵġ
ԥƬ̣Ҳó˵еȻﲻܿ࣬Ҳû취ֿôá
ΪҪӣ֮һʱ䣬С˶ʮŬڷʮֺߵĳҲڣСӹõ͡
ٽصʱ򣬳ԸԳĴӡʵ̫֪Ϣ̲סеˣȻʹһʵĽ鱦
Ϊ֪ǲ֮Ҫȥ߹ء߹ʲôϡȱ
һЩòĶȫһ˽ӡȻڵˣЩӣȫʳݡ߲ˡϹƥеȡ
ҲûһӣеĶ롣Ƿֲͬʱ䣬ͬĵطһһѶ۳
ԭĽӿռѾ˶Ϊ˴֮ĶͱĶĺˡĶĵطõĻҪ̣ԺЩֲɲݡ
ȳ䷭Ҷʱ򣬱ҳƴǬ
Ǭ֮ǰҲǸʱΪͨҡΪе飬±óһ£ŷǾȻ֮ˣ涫õǬ
ǬֻһжһտҲһǬڣǬǸݵģо̵ҪĶݡһǬ֮ھ͵һ֡
˵ֱһľϲյݴʱһʱûסųת˼Ȧ
ڳ̥ʱڱǬ뿪˾Ҫչݺܶ࣬Ĵ𾩶ע⡣Ϊ˲֪ر£ܶ鶼ҪΪ
ڸӾϲǣǬʱǾֹġʳԱʣռٶõĻỵˡ
ǰʮʵȵĶ֮㾭ůͰݳȥ֡
ȻԼǬڣռݵʱ˳ռʳ벼ƥڵ۹⣬ǴԼһЩԵĺȵõġ߹صٿۣǲԼͺӡ
һգһȥ˫ӵˣ߳Ůĸ书ǿĻ
·һֺҽʱҩͯʲôѪ֥ĽŲ̲סͣһ¡


 71 

ӿռкֲܶɲ, ΪȪˮĹϵЩ˵ûʲôá
һСҩͯ˵, ˻ؽҪѪ֥ؽǶʱ, һ˫۾̲ס΢΢⡣
Ϊռݣ֪֮лȥһ֡˵ļҵʮַ, ΪӸȱǮԶѻɽһʳЩǮҲͱĲôˡ
ǳҪռĶ, һЩϸĳʳ, ϹԼ޳СЩͲ, ԻѵĽҲ͸ˡ
üͷ, յůĶߵ˼䡣ȵǻص֮, óһֻǧѪ֥
ůֻǧѪ֥, һѶ˳ȥԼһʱͻˡʱůһƱ, ˲ٺö
ǸѪ֥ˣǾһĸ̣Ѫ֥ˡѪ֥Ǽӳλ̵ĶˡԷΪ˸мĶ, ڼ۸һ, ˲ٺö
һ߾ĸ£ʱĶѾܴˡ֮ΪĳͺӣȻɾĴ, ȴ֮ǰһ뿪ôá
ڵȻʮأȴû취ͬһµʵ̫һ֮󣬴ڵǸǬ
Ͼһ֮֮ϵĴڣȨԶԶҪҪ󡣿ڵף¹ؾдҲһֱ
ڲûиǬǳġֻ˵ڻԵɺ£һλϵġ֮ǰһֱ֪аǰòŷǬܡ
ڵ֪رʱ̲ס־ϲоҪıݣΪ˱ݱоػջ٣ÿһζҪķѴʿء
һǬݷͱȵ˶һơһ˳õսҲʤİա
æڻռݾ͸ˡ֮˲µʱ䣬ڰǬװݡ
ʱĶѾŸ£ò˶þжˡ
ҲͲĴÿڳߣĬĬĵȴźӵĽ
ӹǱȽϺãԻڼҲûʲôӦ˱ȽܳԱȽ̰֮⣬˿һҲи
ĴæµʱΪԺãÿ춼æġ
Ҫǳºʵ̫ܳˡеʱܵǣȥԸô
ÿһ̫ҽ鿴̫ҽ˵ܺãĺҲʮֽ
̫Ǳ飬ֻóǸиģԺ϶ǸرСһ
һ죬Ѿٽʮˡ
һ۵ʱǻղĶ˶ӣߵھȻ۾ȻһֱûҺúϢ
֮ΣÿһζرֻۡǺߺȻͿʼԴ
֮ǰͶһһҪԱ˲
֪ԼҵеԼŻûһֱԵֹͣ
˵һ̥ٲҪһġֻ˶ǣʮ˳˳սûþ
ҲΣűźӳȥϲĲţ̲סߵůǲе죿
ůԼӻ˵Ц̲סЦӣе졣СӣӣԲûӡ
ů⻰˵ʮֺҲĺӶ£Żô˳
ܿھʹˣȻҲе㲻״ö˶˵ţ˿ǱЦеĺߵŮ˵Цŵŷ
һ˽ˣе㲻ôһ˽ˣǵĺأ
ӣֻһۣĻҵĴ˽ԣӦû档
кŮ
㶣ոҲûעе㺬˵񡭡Ǹк
кŮûʲôҪڵĻ֮ЦЦҪŬŮС
ƳһۣĿڸߴͦεƣڶʱ쬵ġ
Ϊһϸĸףڲ֪뷨֪Сӵ뷨ƻеίķ֣СֻǸ޵Ĺߡ
ԭҪһӾˣҲ˰ĽᾧǺܿͷԼӹǺܲӶҲһʹ£֡
ʱСӻ棬СšҲСˣǻǵһαôСĺӡ
Ȼӣʱ򶼺ܴˣССһŵ޸û취ȡ
һźǲܸһԼĺӡڿǰӵʱһ˲ĸöá
ܿͷӲĺӣҲ׵ӡ˵ףԺСӺһ㣬СһҲТ˳ġ
ҳӹǺãڵҲСԺ϶ġʱҪŮһ򵥵顣
һսΨһźֻһӣҲʮֿġ
֮£˳ܶණԭΪŹ£Գе㲻Ҳļױ䶫
Сһһÿʱ䡣ԭеͰ͵Сһͱѩ׿ɰޡ
ȵµʱڴųͺӽ̫󿴼Сһ˲䣬۾̲סˡԼӣ˼Ҳ˽һԸ
Сһֱ֡Сһ˺ܾãնһ֣СһĴ㡣
Ǹӣ򲻵ѺٺߺƽǰһСʮӺš
ԴСͬѧ֮ܳ˱ڱӣ˾ԸɰСһﱧߡ
ÿһγȥӺʱŸĸӣĪһ񼫵Ĵ
ǲãҲû취һֱѺӽǡҪС̫ɰʳ¯Ҳϲ
ΪһСһȺΧСһӹ÷ɿ졣գ۾һȥҲһˡ
ۿҪȥ߹ˣڵ֪ͱҲһȥһֱҲҪһȥ
Ϊ˱ӵĹϵһĸ˲١ʵֲԥһ֮󣬱һӾȫһȥ߹ءеȫңҲʮӡ
ʮϢʱ򣬲ֱɲȥʲô߹ذֻʵʵʮӣÿͨͨҸ
ȻԸԸ⣬ľǸı䲻˵ġʮҲˣҪʮӳȥ
ԭǴ̣ϼҴڱǰ¡·ϵʱҲʡĸ·̫ࡣ
ûиŴ󲿶һߣֻ˼ǧһ·ͣͣĲż


 72 

ȵ˱߹صʱ, ԭµ·̣Ӳĸ²ŵ
Ϊ˲׵Ķ, Դʱ䶼ͺӴڿռΪ˲˵Ļ, ڵûһźƽֻڡһ, Ҳᱧź³ߡ
һʱദ˲١Ϊ;ɫʮ, ů˼β˼ȪˮĲ֮, ɫԱ֮ǰࡣ
屶ĳˬ, ûܹʮӾͲˡк, ˶˺üȦ
߰·, ûпĵź, ʮĶˡ
ʮӡܲãԸʮӵÿչСֻһȡ
ɵ, ʲôöʶȻܿóĲĲͬвپ˵ں˳Ĳ֮ʹľɼ˲١
һȺ˵˱߹֮, ڳĽסˡֻϵʱ, Լһ۱߹ص֮һֱûг
һٽƻ裬ڴһ״Ūӵʱ, ͻȻᵽɼ顣
κøľɼ
ڿеɼ߰ľ֮⣬¡
˰Σû뵽ڻҪ
㲻һĸԼĺӣ᲻ƫԼĺӣ
µʱʵҲĵ¡˼֮󣬻ҪκĲ
ѾǸˣѵһ޲ɣڱ߹أûİҲܹԼҵ
оǣǵĵˡӣҲ˿ڡ
ڰԼ뷨˵ˣȻһĵĵȴųĴ𰸡һҪκĲһֲȳĲΣҲ˶
ڵ뷨֮˼Ƭ̻ǴӦˡ˲ǱˣϾڵסں˲࣬ϣΪһСź
ȻҪƾɼǱڵ顣˲װ£Ȼ˾ҪõӦĺô
Ҫ֪ǧġԺʲô飬ǱڵĶ顣
Ȼ˱һơҪһȻƵġҩҪó֮ТӵϷ룬Ū߹صİն֪
һϷһڣ˽µʱ䡣һƴװһȻڸġҩڱ߹ؾ˼ˡ
ǡҩЧʮ˵ҩĵزԺܿ˵ڱ߹һٴ
˵µʱ򣬲û̾뵽ϡľɼѾôˣ֮ǰѰҽûãЪκõˡ
ȥΣٰմĻ̲סﷸֹţѵҽ
һϣûסһ䡣Բ⣬ҲûκԼӣӶˣҲʮˣҲûָҪӡ
⣬ȴ̲ס⡣һźǲΪԼһŮġ˿Բ⣬һ
ãֻܵ˳µ԰ȥѰҽ
֮ȷʵȥѰҽˣǲû˳ҽҽٰһͨ´˶ǸТ˳ĺӡ
ȻҪݿƣϷȻҪȫ׵ġڱٰģ֮ΪҽҪҲġȻºʮۣǻϴȪˮҲ¡
ȵǧȻκϵľɼ֮ڵ񶼱ˡ
֮ǰȻŬںãڶ˵ϾİˡѾӺˣҪ׽ҲʮֵĲ㡣
ΪκĲôĿͷ?Ժûкӣİڵɶӿ
һƣɲǵģб߹İ뽫ʿǡТΪĹŴһΪҽΪõ˺ġ
ֵµˣڿڵһƬТĺ󣬶ҲӵĹˡ
ԭڶڿƻеų⣬˾ȵԸԴһƬТģȴԸ֪Ľ֮顣
ûдڵĳԾΪ˾ТǰصТģֱӰڷŵ̨϶ѡ
֪Ϊã˸ж֮Ǹκľɼ֮æ֮⣬ʱų
еʱˣóжһȥӪżȥһʱϰѾܲˡ
ˣڱ߹ش˰ࡣм˼СϮ֮⣬ﲢûзĻҡϾǹұǿ׳ģųݣ߸´̡
СʱǱߴϲѶǾˡ
ѾʮѾǸˡͲ֮ǰгĲţһ̥Ӧû⡣
Ǳߵ֪ϲѶʱһ̫ҽܿóʵ۶һ̥⡣
ԭ̫ڵ֪ʱһӦˡ뵽ЩܵĿ̫࣬ջǴһͷ
Ѿʮˣ뵽һӡһʱ緢üű׷ŵйľӴŵõйľӶκζˡ
ʮӴܵ˴̼˿ͣڣֿ˿ʮʮͻȻҲҪȥӪϧ˾ȶȶѣֻھӪ˲죬Ϊˡ
Դ˺ôһͨŵʮڷü춼ҳ
û̫ʱ䣬ʱҪָںҲûжʮˡ
ȵҪ˵ʱѾǴ·ˡһ˴꣬ҹŰѺһʮֿɰСŮ
Ůʮϲ¾Сĵıڻڵ֪Ůʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲô̲סһʵͦӵģԺڻƫġһŮҲãܺһ㡣
Ҫ˵СǸиġһȨĸףһǰ;ĳֶ֡ܵˣԺܹܲίģ˸ء
ӵʱڴһκƺƵʤ̡ΪһεεŮͲ⻷ӵı߹ˡ
һΧĹҶסŵǩõĺԼһӾܻؾСŮͲܿˡ
ˣһ֢ͷˡ

 73 

ʵ֪, СѾͷûʲôͷΪҪӵĹϵСӴʱ䶼Ǹųĸӡ
ڿռ, СѾͷ͸һ档Ȫˮϴ, Ҳһ档СѾͷˮģ޿ֿɰۡ
ԭŮ, СˣҲǼӵĹһŮ񫡣
ʱ, ˸С⡣ǾӺ͵оӦ, ѳĸӸץˡ
ڳпռ֣ڲԾʱ, Ӷȵڴ˻ʱ, ЩѾһƴץ
ڵ֪йغ, ʱ̲ס֮ŭͶͷ­Ѫ, ȴû뵽ŮϱӲ㱻˺ˡ
ʵڵ֪ӵ֮Ϊ˸һѱͳƽ˴Ρ
ѾΪ, ôĶ޷ǳڰ
һС֮󣬱ֵһ顣ֻ𾪵ǣŵžͷ, ¾Ȼǣ˻ӡ
˻һٶ, ΪֻΪ̫֮λ֮ǰ̫ߵĺܽ˻ӾΪڳ̫ӵˡۿڱ߹ս, ڵĸȹˣԺΪ̫ߵұۡ
ڽӴʱӶڻģһ赶ɱ˵Ϸ롣ֻð˻û뵽ǣȻʮأǱҵ˿
ʵ۶԰˻һ谮ǵ֪µʱ򣬻ûסŭѡ
ÿʵ۶ϲԼӿԼλáֵ׳꣬дѵʱԵʵۣ͸Ӳϲǻˡ
ΪµĹϵ˻Ȼûյصĳͷȴڻʵ۵ӡ
ÿʵۿ˻ʱͻ̲סԶĸҲԽˡ
ֻЦ˿ޣʢ費˥֮󣬺ͻȻðһˡ̶̰ʱ䣬˴һ˷ϳλáвٵֻʢ裬ܿǸʢʮ
ʮӵĵ̨ԭھһλҲûˡұûжбµˣʵûһҲ顣
Ψһþǣǰһ˰״ԪɡھкԺĬĬŵĴ֮꣬ͻȻΪƻ˵طһ׮󰸣һӾ;ȵˡ
λ״ԪɲǱˣǳıƾϧ
ڴӱ߹ػʱƾϧѾѾְˡ
Щڱ߹أû취ʱչϣƾϧ㾭ȥ߶ƼմƾϧĹ⣬ټҴӽϰᵽ˾ס˵Ҳһϲ¡
ص꣬ϾƼǱΪ飬һֱ˼
ÿæչӣҲûرƼǱߡھ߶Ƽҵļλ硣
ֻƾϧе⣬λһֱʮֺơ֮ǰƾϧϵ壬ҪһʱǺһ֮䣬˵Ļᡣ
ƾϧۣ˵ʶࡣ۴ĻĲƾϧĶ֡
иϱڣƾϧڲҲʲô
ӹ÷ɿ죬գ۾Ǽ괺ȥ
һ󽫾һְͬСѰˣһСǧ
֮⣬ƼСֱļӣһһѾˣСһҲǰˡ
һգʣơ
СŮɢԺɹ̫ůϣһֻ˯ĸо
СùԺ棬˲һ֣һֱСùõÿ
СֻС԰Ҫģ³ݼ޽ʱͨӻˡ
ûʲôӦһԵСù쳣СѾͷæȹӣԺſڱȥСѾͷһܻһߺ磡磡
һ̤ԺͿһ񱼶æСȻϵ˵
üôˣô֣Ժô޵ĳȥ
СѾͷȻЩԲûֻСȡ
ޣޣԺŸɩɩһӡ
ҡϵĳԣ̧̧Ƥ̲סЦ
ͱŪˣŶһ㣬޲޵Ĺߡ
˵ţСŮС֡СӣΪǰ׹Ůһš


 74 

Ļ, һ߰ϵѾͷһЦųǱȥ
æŹ, ûжʱ㡣һ˴, ˡ
ˣǺ¹, ѾܴˡһСģҲůͰݰæչˡ
, Աߵʯһ۳Ů, Ů۶С
ƽʱʲôǴ֦Ҷģһֱ̫СŮһ¡ܾСŮСС, , һСľͻ˵ƵġСѾͷԳ, ڳճʱһ, ֮Ҳұˡ
˵ǣӱ߹ػ󣬾ͰůͰ˼ҡ˼޵ĶԶ, ů޸˲˵ĳһƴݼ޸ܼҵĶӡ
֪ůϲһƴʱͦȡϾһƴ˳书ƽǸƺ«һĴڡ
ůͰɸ, ҲԼĺӡů, һŮ
ǰůŰݣҪȰѰݵŮ¡ůܾûϢǸһƲ, ǳ϶ҵĵϱ
ǵĻʱ̲ס˺ü죬ůǲһġ
һСǣ˳СҵСƤһ㣬һһȡ
ǻʼֱ߸СӣΪǿĻĹϵһһĺÿͬʱҲһһСˡ
һһһ̸ʫʸ踳̲סһ͵Ц
ҵСѣոսύһҵĹӡСÿμ棬ҪͿĳֵһǹŴĹҼһ
ȻˣڳǹҼҡǶ˵ȴǣǶʮദ
ѾܾûˣŴͼӳȥ档
˵߾ߵԸ񣬵¶֮󣬵ڶһƺƵ뿪
һγΪ棬˴˲ٶһ·϶ߵĺ
·óǣǾȻ˼ˡҪ뿪Щ˴ϣȻ·ϸպš
ҪԸûս֮ϣһƥѩ׵СϣСǣ
ССµ˶ССɰϣΧ··˼״̲ס࿴˼ۡ
ڿڸʱĿ̲סͿӱÿһǡһִֻӴ¶˳ȴ˵
֪ŵ˭һʱ֮˵Ŀɬһһ߳ڸǱȥ
ڿɵʱֻǵѯĸ׵״һжܺãҲûȤԡ
ȵڴԶˣĳһֻͨŮӵոǸ󽫾
ɺ˵ʱŮӱҲģΪڿе£Ҳûе³
Ե˵ͷʹȥ۵׵ĿɬȻžķȥ
Ůӿӣ۵̲סȾһĨʧ֮ɫôϲɣΪϲŭʡ
ȻôȥˣŷʵôࡣǸɣѾ֪ʧӰ٣ֻʣһƽƽûˡ

ڴһСʱһֱûܼ޳ȥľŹڼˡŹûǿĸǰǰǵûʵᷳôòżˣ޵Ŀ϶ʮֵĲ⣬ϾĲСˡ
֮⣬ʮҲȢˡʮȢ֮󣬱˳ȥʮȻܳ谮ǱϾǻʵӵĶӡڳ֮󣬸һھ˻Ӹ
һʱһӡ⺢ǸģɽϱϹġҵʱϹӱɱˣʮĺӲҲɱˡ
СһȻ˵ȴǸ֪ͼġھ֮󣬱һֱǵ档֪ȷ֮󣬱ڰˡ
֮⺢Ӿͱӵ˾Ӫ˾Ӫĳ⺢ӪһүֶǴ䵥ƽ˳չ֮⣬ЩүûµʱҲ̵
ֻû뵽ǣһҰĺӣŰټҷٸںӵгһվȻµɱ

괺ȥʵ˻λڿŲһŲƨɣѻλ̫ӡ
ֻûʵû뵽ǣѻλ̫ӣһֱʵʵİ˻ͻȻˡ
ڸϻʱһ·űɱ˻ʹʹȾ˺ɫƽһҡ
иڵһʮС꣬һ֮ǧѾնɱڹϡƳĹshiأСɫױѪȾ˺ںɫĶ
ҲǴһɱ֮עҪһ

ʮ꣬ѩʮˡСѾͷֻʮ꣬ʮСѾʮְƯˡ
Ҫ仨ƽڣѩһžģĴ
СùѾǴˣû취ǰһѩȥ档ѩʵûа취ˣֻʹŸȥ
һ뵽ԼǸ磬ѩ̲ס΢΢̾һʲôãʲôһ㲻ãǾǶһϲͨ
Ϊ佫ڲͬݵ˾ǵ࣬Ҳǳıƾϧ
һһ۵ӣеʱ̲סɣԼǲǸƾϧʲôȻڵĶӣΪʲôôƾϧûѪԵľ˾ˣ
ڶԴ˲ûʲôоǲԼκζ׶ӣڷϲ԰ټҷ
ǵڼĺӣһֱھӪģѾ֪ɡ
ںܿӣһҪһĺ磬󻹴е㲻Ը
ѩ辫Ĵ֮Ҫʱ򣬸պ
ѩǼģСʱ򻹱ſ޹ǹԹɸ֮е㺦µĶһ˫۾´
Сʱ򶯲Ϳ޵ȣѩ赨Դ˺ܶࡣ֮ǰ͵˵֪ȢСùΪޡʱͻȻ̲סҪԷһۡ
ѩСﳤģĸǴʮֹѩҲʮϲǵһμģ˵ǴһɿµԣҲһ˸еηĿϢ
ѩûҶ࿴͸뿪
滶ϲϲһȦʱͷձùֵֹġѩѯƯŮ㣬֪ҪСùõ¡
ԸƴӣСùҲʮڵĻۿ¾ҪˣһֱôµͻȻð˳
̾ôһŮһֱСùõһпȻʮֳϾûһסļԺҪߵԶֻܿԼѪ
޸Ļ϶ҪĴԿ࣬Ҳ뿪ΪһĸףֻƤӵ£һӴ󸻴ֻϣܰȵĹһ
ʵվĽǶȣͬһ׮Ҳ⡣Ͼĳھʲô˼Ҽ޲ˣαظĴԿࡣ
Ҳû뵽ᷴԣΪǰС鶼ġͻȻԻ£ǣߵŪʮΣǱҲʮֲ
ѩԭֻҪֵģһĵ²̨Աߵ۵ҲһĨʧ䣬֪Ϊʲôͦҵġ
˵ʱҲΪ˲õЦ޸˵ѩʵǲףôôһˣôĵء
ͬоͺ͵ĵࡣҵĽ˵ȻʮֺÿҲһ֮кΪǱҰģսͻữѪɲûнԸ޸ˡ
ܶ㶼˵ˣҰ˵ѪҺСǸѪԵĹĹҪţͱɶˡ˭Ը޸ĹﰡǲǰԼ
ûԸ޸˶η͵͵Сùö޸ԺǺܿ˶ûչһ
Բȵѩ㶣һʱûס˹ȥȻһڴǰСһ֣صĶùò㣬Ҽ޺ˡ
һֱûнӣʮֻתţȻеĿϡǰĵСӣһûʲôͻȻǣǣǡ
˶ûаѩĻ£Ͼе󡣵Լˣĺӹƶܴˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣʱ֮ܶɱʮǳصƸȾ£ӭȢ󽫾֮ŮΪޡ
һˣǶޡԹȫµˣȴԶҲṼһˡ
ꡪ
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