صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

޹
ߣ


001

Сѩ轵׷һҹղͣǵصİɫڳɽ޶£ǰӰҡһ۵ĺ죬Ժæˣ˫ֱŸ첲ȴֹסӵĲ
ôɵվأٻ˫ִļ磺䣬㱾ӹǾͲãŽ׵ûһ۵ġ
ϵģĹĲû̫оϸ˵طģǵԼǻڳɽѩģһۣȴ˸ʱݵĻҹ󣬱ԵĽʵϾ׵˱ѣҲûʲô
㡣˼䣬ȾҲ˽һۣѽͷѩƵġ
첻㣬Ǽ粻ֲܿᣬûʲôֻǰװۣôһĨ֬ˮۣǰ׵ķ⡣ 
ҲˣڼҾͲõȼңһֱ׸ﲻ۽òģ飬ûãǮ
ⲻǰڴ¥ýףٻȾ⣬̰ͼƸһϼƣƸ˳ȥ
ﱾƸȥ˺ü죬úóԺú˯һûûˣ˵ҲͬˣԼ׵˻
¥϶ôãѾʮûףйӦͲˣžҲˣٳ£ӡ
ϣͷأϽģ׵ĿϾˡզզܽǵĸףϣץͷһɣæһ䣺޹ȥҪżҵĻõǼ
洫ôӦֳϽΣȼûжһλæ
ű˱һţоһ̹Ǻ紵֫ٺ䵽µĸо·ѾɿƵı㿪ʼ
λֵĿһۣΪǺ£˼ϲΡ
಻Զӣͣϲһ񣬷˽ӡ
ֺӿͷŽµѩףſ֨֨Ĳ̤˼֡
¥Աߵ˶ֿźôģ岻ã䣿
΢΢˵ͷӸͷ¿Ÿߵĺѥһͱ˺뱲ӣǸûԸ޵ˣҲ֪żǲǻһˡ
ŴĻ̫еźʲôʲô裬  أ𳤱һѾǶͷðŲ鸡ˣӣǲõġ
ֵؿڣоЩļ£˼ЩԱߵ˵仰ǰһڣĵȥ
¥ۼֿĽסεӣҴ
¥кͣһѱ·ȥЩεȼ˵Щȴû뵽ôأɵü̫ˣŸ޻һ 
¥һţȴʵһѾʶˣֻƣֳ붯ŴѾͷ̥ܹʲô첻㣬ֳӪŷɫѪ㣬ηᣬʵЩ̫ˡ 
¥ԽüͷԽȴҩߺֻڴϵˣǱ׼Ķ쵰ȴЩݣСɵ촽ţëӡһƬӰСɽѾ㼫ΪˣǿȱЩ
Ļڴ£ֱֻ֣һƬѹָ½ӵʱô
ﲻһ˿ϧŷѾףӦò£㽫СסԼ´
Ȼһůоһָ壬ָ˶ۣŵһƼ˵ģúܺÿ׾㣬ݰףɫãһǸС
¥оϵ˶˶һ̧ͷ˫ȴЩ۾ԴЩ̽Լ
ˣ¥ȻķſԼ֣·һ˱ˮůůӰɣ
ųĺ챻ӣлл
ŴŴģòһֻܸоӱ鵽񣬶Щ࣬˼ǰʣȥףҪȢȼҴŮȴûԸ⣬ΪȴԸ޹
˭Ǽأ
¥ü壺ûЩԣ
룺˵ŮгЩ¥ʮ˴Ҿ㲻ģ¥ҲΣȢϱɾΪŮϵдΪ˾ϣ⴫ҲͲֶߣԭҲΪ˲ȵġ
¥û뵽ôֱףЩ֮Цһ㲻⣿Ǳȼ޽ģ
ȴûش̧ͷʣ𣿡
¥£ҡҡͷŲ豭Ǳˡ
¥⾹һʱ֪˵ʲôˣ˵ﵥûۣ̫ɵ̫أô룬ȴԾĳһȣ˼ˣ˼ôƫƫԵɻΪ˵
ΨֻΪԼһϱˣ¥泩˲٣˿ҰࡣղŴ򽻴ֻܳЩ嵭ġ
ôһ˵Щϵڼûʲô˵ͷлл
¥߱ߵԺһˣллȥ
ųȥŴ۷䣬˵ǶҲɾٱȼҪöˣ¥⣬ˣѹ;νػһԼѾȥˡ  
࣬Ÿо˲٣θҲСͱ߰˷֣ҲҶԣΪͻ⣬˼ұҲֶԺúȺþɢˣ¥ʹɩ·
ҲÿȻѾʮźܾɩ΢֣һȣŵЦеģǸʲô
ϵɫЩѿŴһܴܵţȼҵ˵ȴû˵߶εģӰ˵ˣ¶⡣
ڹοǽˡ
˭ɸۻģ˵̾ڸ˸ϱ˭ôӣԼŶѾˣ˵ˣԲ⡣
ŵһһ͵ˣʲôϵģ֮ǰҲǼҵģǲԸ⣬ֺαض¡
һ죬ϸˣ㻹ˣЩ˭֪ܴӣȢϱΪ˱ӵģȢ軹źӻģ
Ųǲ飬⻰ʵˣôôϲǰˣڻˣ˭ۣǲǣ
ų˵أ԰׵ɫ˿ǿϵףںҲüϾߣ
ʲô飿ȥ¥һžһ䣬Ŷŵˣôǣ
ؿ㻹ΪǼ㲻ˣҪǲǣ⣬ھд
¥ĬĽŰشϣͷҲûصģףҵķˣ˳ģ˭Ҳ                         


002

ڹҲȰϲӱ˼Ц˵ˣܡòȢϱǲǣ߰ɣС˵˵
Ϻ˿һҲǣƸ񶼸ˣٸ飬˲ʧ˳ڹ̨ףҲûذˣ⣬ϱԼɵúúỵ́̽˵ڹųš
¥ַŴأü΢׽ӹӾЩԵղŶϯ˭ͷöӡ
ؿȢôӣǳ˿дҲӦ
Ͼͺνһ㣬ϲŭ֣¥ⲻ֪ǰʲôһôĹ˼ǸоܹԼϧ֮ģһ֡ȱĸо˶ʮˣһζһ˱
źǸղ˵ҵãȼ޽ַ飬һڡȻԼ¥ĪǻŮӲˣ岻ˣû˵ûΣȥץҩһ죬˯ɣ
ŲĿһۣɷϣȷʵԼطһŻ˳۵ˣҲȷʵ޴ȥң¶޽ͷأ
˯ʱſŴĴַѣⷿôҲһŴ¥̺ñӣϴ
¥һú̿գкˮЩˮһ֬ˮϴٻԷûڣѵǿѴ˯ĵطˣ
˭֪û꣬֨ѽһ죬¥һðˮ˵ˣ庮̫أÿ΢̵ˮһá
ȷʵÿݽŵϰߣֽҲһֱչܵ¥⣬ˣ˵ܺǧأҲûпܵġ
ϲ£ֻһɫ£Ь㽫ŷ˽ȥִˣ춼Ь¶ŲʲôҲûô顣
¥ȴһԿϸСţﶼܾСɣϴ󣬸ɸɾԵȸղĨһۿŸ崿
ſôԼҲߣ̲ס㲻ȥ˯𣿡
¥üȥĶⲻǵķ䣿
֪ѾˣѾǷˣһռİͬ˯һ
ǿĹǣ¥ױߵģƵģҲ˯˯棬һ˯ﲻͽҡ
Ǿͺãŵ˵ͷо˻ͦʿݹźֱ棬˱Ķ¥ЬֱԱߡ
˫߬űӣﰵ룬ԼôҲǶʮˣ˶Լ˵ǸСܵһýţô룬һθͬĺԼߣһϢԼıǼ⣬ԼҪʧߡ
Ҳ֪˼˶ãԺ˯˹ȥ̿˯ʱҪ𣬲Ȼ£ҹ˯̤ʵʶȴûȫѣֻ屾ȥԱߵԴ
¥һ飬ͻȻıָѣһ˲ԼԻиˣ»֮ҹֻһţֻֽıĸ첲΢΢
¥̾һֽ̧˻ᣬʢůģŶٸл泩ûųıرס¯üͷҲһչĺƽ˯ȥ
˯ˣȴǿ¥⣬۾ŻСޣȴԼǸʮûŮ˵˰˭ܵס
ԽȣԽͿԽǽԽǱĽ¥Խȡ
Ҳ֪˯ţڶһѣ˯һҹо˲٣ԺۣƼ˯¥⣬㵵һԼ첲֣ʹ˼ϵȡ
˻ŵһæŵĳԼֽţ˻ûѣҧҧȫûӡԼô˯øצһϣǰһ˯Ҳûϰ߰
ѣȺžͲԾĿˣģĺãûôһһǵӲƤϸļŮˣǸεˣûЩСŮ˼ҲͰˡ
ƿ봩ѣҲ˸£ΨһִĶҲůˡ
ϴˣж¥Źۿô磿
ͭƵģֻǿˣճײҪž𣿡ǵõ
¥ⶢһ̵ʲôͷ
̧ЩΣ֪ŴŮ˳޺ͷҪģҲɩŸӵĺܣĶִҪôβҪôͷ߸ɴɢˣ˰죬ǲ䷨ѿ𣿡
¥߹Ҫ߳һͷһֽ̧Ҳϵӳīڵĳк£ڰģԵ𪾫£ԴЩãȻĿԼʢһˮ¥һҰ㡣
ŶϣԼŪ治֪һôôɣ˿û̵ʱæҵǱ
ˡ¥ת˿ȻûŮ̹ͷȴǾŪģԼͷÿҲԼڣҲǺѡ
ŵ˾лҲ޺ˣ˲һǰȥҲǲŵһο¥ҵӣĺԺӣǵķСݣɫ㡣
ߵã¥λ¥ϴ¥ڹڹϻŸС㣬ͷԵģȻ¥¥Զ˿ڲҲ٣ܺ塣
ϱϻվ˸СѾͷʮͣģ¥˵ģǰȵһСѾͷʮ¥ң޴ȥ͸źϣ¥ҹס
ŶŲ軹ùȶ˸¥
¥Цŵ˵ͷӺò׳ףϱŻǸÿģеˡ
ж˸ϣ
ϱͶӦĽ˹ˣ¥һ飬Űкꡣ
һ˳緹¥¥Զæȥˣ¥һӣֵأԱӺùЩ¥ԶǸģù£Ƕܴĺ
¥أΪճף¥ڼգϱ飬ռ޹Ӧ
ų緹ֿʼ٣˯
¥⿴ʣü̫ˣ˵ͷ˯ɣȥץҩ
ŵлԼݣ̿߿˿֣ѣӿܿ˯˹ȥȴ˯üȣȻ
Сûְ֣֣żͥʮ꣬Լѩָоƺ£ÿÿ˺ѷεʹ
ѾһֱЩʧûȻܺݵģ˯ûзʱȱţ˺ܾúܾãۺۣȫû֪ỮӣˣȴںڰкȻоһȣڶ

003

ţѡ¥ҩͼһţͷ亹ﻹʲôżΪʹӣΪַˡ
Ҫɱҡ
˵ʲô¥չȥ
Ҳ䣬ԳجС
¥ȴȻһڻ񱧺һŵı£㲻ġ
Ժ۾̧ͷãȻĿ¥⣬žԼˣʿԼӣֻèһ¥һ޻Ҳġ
ŸоĻĺůڻ¯߻аȫУļ磬һɣĺۡ
¥ôԼ˯˹ȥӹסȴûŻشϣڴߣ˯տջδɵۣų
֪ŵǰʲôʲô˯ô²ȡ
˶ϧĵģȻ䣬Ҳ׽ż¶Ĵľ
˯ĺʵһӲѣһͷ㴫ˣ
žԼȻ˯ˣæ˳š
¥һоЩ彩ӲЩǱȻᣬɱϾǸˣѹ첲ȶˡ
Щ˼㲻һֱҵġ
¥Ÿ첲Լ˯Ҫجˡ
ŲòϣͦģȻװű˰ɣϵҲչмˡ
үҩˡš
ɣ
һںҩͼĻڴأ΢üſһۣ˹Ĵס
ô۽Ҳûã¥ҩɿĺܡ
һҧȥ
Žӹҩ˴Ѿͷģ
¥⵭ģǰ꾭·Ͼȵģˡ
û˵ʲôһһ׵ĺҩ¥ζÿ࣬ȴüͷûһ£ˮһ
͹۽Ϳ¥⾶ֱ͵ߣҲû˵ʲôͳ˽ȥԼ﷢˿࣬ү˵ǾǾһˣȴרŮˣŴĳš
ɫ磬Ҫţ˵öදҴȥ߰ɣ¥
ҡҡͷԺѩɨˣĴѩȴûģΪ̿ͨЩã¥⽫򿪸죬Ÿо˲٣·˵ء
Ų˵ﾲ¥ȴǸƵˣиһ˱֣ţ 
ţŸоеǣǷˣҲþ̧ȥôˣ
¥óһֽ˱飬ſ˿棬ǱμǣȻǷ֣̫дϻûġ
𣿡¥ʡ
Ŷ£ѧ̫ߣôҲϹѧģԭСŶûΣǰ뱾鶼ûУΪ˲Եÿɣҡҡͷ
⵱Ȼ¥֮УָָԱߵĵӣûʱҽô
ʶѧʲôű벻鷳ˣתһ룬ԺҪõʱⱻ˾̶֣ͷ
¥ĥīд˼򵥵ģңȻһָŽϣ£ֵҡ
ŵ˵ͷʾ֪ˣɵĸɲ룬¥Ųط⼸ּ򵥣дд
ëŻûдֵʱѧһֻ֪ôãдȴŤŤģıʼѼԦˡ
±ʲԡ¥վ󣬺Ȼʵ֣һҪȰᣬҪϣҪҪȣҪ㣬дֲܶ
΢΢תתͷܿĲߺÿɫмˣɿ֣ŲŻȻȥֽϵ֣ȻȲĲԾÿѾԼĺöˡ
ŵĸֱ־ͺܺÿȻҲԺ⹷ּˣ㾲Ŀʼ
¥ҲĲվڴǰһƹͷϣ浾õĺܣ¥΢˳û뵽ɼҵĸоġ
ﳳܣǸƢģһ㲻˳ģ˭˵˭ֲͣСӣȴǰֲˡ
дһţű첲ˣʷ¶Լ֣¥±˿ɵĵͷѾдúúܶˣʱǿ
¥⽫ѧ⼸ɣó緹ˡҲҪѧĶྫͨʲôֻġ
Ȼϴ֣гԷ˸ߵſڣȻһССӰҴҵܹҲû·һͷײҪŵš
űû۵ͱײڵأָպóſϣһΣʱ̽üϸϸḷ̌¥ҲΪ˼ˤ˸ƨն۵һͿˡ 
ѾһԼˤˣæҴԽˤţһѱ¥һżû°ɣˤûа
¥ߵĿ˼ûüһѣ״粽߹ȥ֣ץһ۵ĴһƬһѱü¥кʲôģ·𣿡
һӾȻΪ˸Ů˶ѵֶˣһۣʲôǸСӶʲôˤأĲ֪һ¡
Լײܹ˭ˤƨû¡
ӵڹæܳôǣôˣ
¥һָţģ
úúã̿ûײﰡ۵ĲС
¥Ͳˣ¥Сӿɲ˵ѣԼײȰѶײģǸ
𣿡ڹӣǶԲס£ɱֺӡ
¥֣ţʲô֣һ˻Ǹӻƽϡ
¥ü˵һקӣû£˵ˡ
¥⿴ðѪ֣˵첽ݣڹۣԺôðʧ֪𣿡
ԹˣҲˤˣ˵ʲôŶѽ϶ϱԼײһ¾͵ˡ
¥⽫ŷ¾ȥҩľĲǺҪǻˣѼʪɾĨЩҩŰװ۵ƳЩۡ 
һԣҲҲԹ¥ⷴⲻȥ̫еûأͷҸú˵˵
ҡҡͷû£Ͼĺӣ̫ãû׼ʱʹɩҵ˼ŲװһصˣǺܶ¶ˣҲˡ
¥벻ˣ֮ǰһ˴ߣ߶ԼףȢ˰ɣԼ⣬Ǹɫģﲻˣ㣬
¥ⰵ̾ԼϱԼ۰ɣţȥѷ˶˻ԡ  
ڳԷΪ˶ֻǼڣ¥飬һЩԡ
һſӵôˤһ»߲ˣԼԣ

004

¥⿴ƵȻѾ¥ҵţҵӣĶϱôҪʲô뿴Ǻ룬ȻΪҵ·
һôϣ㲻أֻǡ㿴Ľ龢˵Ժôܸ𣿡
¥ܲܶҲˣüﰲȣԺ˵Ҳû˵βá˵նкõķ˻ȥˡ
Ϸ¿Ҫ˼ô˵Ȣϱأ㿴ռ޽һ죬ⶼҶ˼ˣ
ñүТ˳ģܻʲôġ
תͷһۣǾǶϱˣ˵ִ˶߷磬ĸӹϵ
ˮͲ֪ˣôסŸսţֻҪ֪Ҫ˭ģ֪ˣԺȻͻ˳ˡ
ϵͷ˵öԣڲסԺôܵˡ
ڹһ߸¥ι̧ۿ飬û˵
ˣһûȥʱ˶ˣȥãŸ¥һȥˡ
Žȥк¥ã˵ײˣ
ҡҡͷûʲô󰭣粻÷ϡ
¥ͷǾͺãѾ˵ɵúúŲŲʲôҪģ˵һ
ŵͷл¥ŻûһҲ½ˣŴ˽ʳ޲Ȼ¥Ҳ󻧣ͦйصġ 
Թ¥㱻ȥǵ£Լ˷䣬±ԵǱμǿ˵ԭļ䣬ԭҲֻ֪ҽбسǽأׯˮѣӶûȥһŲ֪
𾢶˵˾¥Զһ㿴ű鿴ɩϵ֣һŮʶֵĺ٣˼ҵĺӣСҪɻġ
µģûУս˼Ҿ㷭ſ𣿡
¥Զͷ飺мĵط
ŵѧʱ㻹𣿡
¥ԶҺͶһ飬£ѧһֱѧǱҶġ
Ŷûٶʣ˱Ͳ죬û˻ż飬¥Զɩо͸СһҲѹ֣Сһأ촽ɫרעӣܿƵġ
˵ϱУӹǵԵʣϲŶٰ㿴ߣ¥Զȴûȥų⣬ģƷԶûʲô޵ģȢ˸
ţűƿ¥ˣһۿ¥Զţôˣ
дƪ£ˣԼԭ޸ģҿ˴Ҳûͨʲô⡣¥Զóмŵֽŵݹȥ
¥һſֵҪ˵¥ҸĸģҲãȷʵ¥ÿ׾ȴֲʧ֮£¥ԶҪЩ
ֵ˵껰¥Զطȥˣ¥д֣ȥһۣΪ㵣дģ
Ȼأ̧ʶһ£ۡ
¥ͷŴҼ츳ˣһд㣬Ѿбʷˡ
⻰žЩ֮ˣϾдҲдʮˣѾеڵģѧǻǺܲһģԼ֪ˣûʲôɽġ
ҩ˽ţۣ¥ϨµʱѾ˯ˣ¥⿴˯գҪҪ˯ǱǼĥ£ûãߵѾһԶµ˱䣬¥ЦһĽ§˻
׵죬ǻŵӣ¥ȳ緹飺׼𣿡
˵ͷڼóһ¥һʱüʮ⣬һС档
ûˣ
ͷЩð죬¥ʵô£
ϻû꣬ԵƸ͸ĶЩϱ׼Ҳɣ
˵ô˵ȴû˲֪ʲô˼޷ǾȢϱ⣬ڻϿ˿ۡ
¥һۣҲǫ̇̄ϵĶöö٣ϡ
ټ»˵ģڣЩ²ġ
¥ƢãҲºͣʣʱ˼Ҿöϱ޹ӣҼǵôϱʱҲֹЩ
ô˵ƸûĶأԼһ׵ǹļ޹ڶ͸˸ӣһ𣿱˵ʱȼһ˵岻أǲҲӦã
Żںʣµİ࣬ͷû̧һ£¥ǾίίĲ˵ռ޽죬ôĸСܵˡ
ɩ޽ѾˣƸȻǲһġ¥Ը飺˵Ķˡ
һΪѵĿϣϰѿһţ⣬Ļˣ
¥ظĸһҲǣûԼĶȥӵ𣿡
϶һ£ģȻ۰ģıһŵķͷΪͶԼûûС
ų꣬˲ͽ磬յĻˣǰ˳ɲöˣͼӴ׵¥µģʱʲôͷģɲҪǡ
˵¥û£Щ߰ɣж٣ȼû飬Ҳûżѹʲôȥңôϸѿˣ´ֻǱ䱾
ȵȡ¥飬Ͻöȥ
ӹһᣬȴûֻܳĬȥ¥̽ĿһۣŷԼһֱעˣȴûҲĺܣ˰ӣôһ˵ǶȻټˡ
¥ҾһҲΪ˷ÿȥģˣҲΨһ˼ң¥¥ȥ￴ӣ¥ԶѧҲȥһ 
ˮسĴӣҲûԶ¥⣬Ǵȼһʱȥسǽһ¾ǡ
ȼſڣ¥⽫˩ſڣ˳սţƼȾԺѣһ̧ۣͦε¥⣬ͨһ£ڴûôÿˣ
·ֶ˰գ⾹Ȼ¥Ǹǽ϶ճ׵ʱæųԺóԵģûȥȥô붼û뵽޵ľһôεˣ
ãȾ
á¥΢΢Цŵ˵ͷҫۣưܵСԺ롣 
Ⱦýף˵ޣҲƾܣںڵˮҪˣ֪һΣͲںİȴƽ׵ı˶㣡Ⱦһţתܻӡ

005

һЦ֮£Ҽҵ˿¸ûأҪЩˡ
¥ˣҲֻǻظţԺֲһûʲôӰ졣
žͼ˽ţæ˲֣ѽ㿴û뵽ô磬ûãȽ
¥⽫ϣ
Ͽ⿡ŮеӿӰͰͣɣϾͺá
˵أٻһСӽˣΰˡ
Žܣ¥Ѿ֪˭ˣ㡣
ٻǼһεģ÷򣬿ţһǳɫۣ滹һɫﱧһӣ׾˴ʲôÿǴɫҲԵףǳ˸ޣ·ʵҲǵĴӵĻгǿҶԱȡ 
ٻֽûúƵģɫЩҲǰݰģտΪ֮ǰô֣޹ȥȻҲܲ˳ģڿǼ޹ȥˡ
űͼ䣬ȼҸû̿һͿʼ촽࣬¥ֽѵһߵĶϣ治֪ӹǰ⺮ôġ
ٻ֣ôˣǰҲûô䰡ǲãСôҲϰˣôһĲˡ
Ҳ֪Ǿ䣬̿ߣҲûȵĸоֻܺܶࡣ
¥⵭⼸岻ã컹ιȥˣ顣
ٻŶһûٶʣ¥ȴۣ˿û׵ϿٹģǸǰεȻҲûһ䣬ɼôˡ
ȷˣһۣоԷ
Ž˼̵ĳŵԲôѺãҲ֪ԼĶˣҪвˣ¥ԱߵٳЩ˵ոЩĢͺܲ 
û뵽ôϸģһĺܲ죬ʳ֮һҲܲ
¥⿴޷ִеԼ԰ɣ
˵ĻȴܵĺܣӾ¥һ㡣
ϼ˸鲻ȻǺõģ˾ˣٻ붢¥⣬ԼҪˣûʲôϧģǱ湦أ˭֪ǧá
ȾȴĹǰķԽãԽ¥;ôôÿᣬٿţͲ֪ôôƾʲô̯ôˣǧйʲôô˭û檣ЩͷСӣԸҲ޸ЩɵСӣ
˱¥ҳԹûԼھͷ˿ӣ¥ĲУҲҴȥҼӿ
ˣʵˣ
ҡҡͷ㴩·Ⱦ¿ӣҪȥ𣿽ܴܲҲȥ
¥΢ɲüǲȥģȥҵֵܾͻȥˡ
Ҳæķң·ŵ㡣
ڳңŲ˿ȼҿΪĹϵռҲûʲôЦææǸûͣպѹ֡
ǰҲ˴ĺӶϲż٣ȴѧУţ·ѧؼңûЦСͿʼæܵĲȥһ˳ˣǻ
ڼ·СʲôƢϲ˵ӡ 
¥Ҳ¥ȻҲôЦɫûôϲ
ŵ˵ͷĵҪǣҪﲻ㣬ô죿
¥ȻΪ˵ϣϧ֣ҲĴԺȻб㡣
裬֪ʲô飬ú𣿺ȻǺ޵ģȴֿϲԼʱֻҲ֪ܿԼʲô飬һֱиⲻ
㣬𣿡
¥ⲽһͣɫȻ㣿
ע⵽ϣæһû£ǿ߰ɣһûȥ
ܽһӾ͵ˣ⿴ˣǰ̯ḷ́·ˡ
ˡͣ¥ַ
̧ͷȥд¥Ҿ̣ضλãһŽȥһɾζø
ȷʵϲƣк˼;ȾƣúȾͷźͷйӻСС޵İڵĺ룬ƹֽдƷ֡
ĸˣ¥¥æк¥ʣûҪҪȥתת
ŵͷԹŴȤģֵС̯ӣÿҪĿһ
¥ѵÿô²ӣ󣺡Ҫʲô
ҡҡͷʱûʲôҪģһȷʵá
¥֣ţȻһӽסŻͷһǸӣִһӣõҲŸоеɳ
ӣ¥⿴ϵô
ȱһ첲ð㣬ȻԼļҵİ
ʲôļҵġ¥ӣýȢġ
ѽһȣ㾹ȻͳˣôҲȥȱϲưԡȻйԸ޸㰡
¥̲סһۣ㻹ǱĺãʡַԷ
ɩӺáӿԽСţŶϵñӴĺʵס˰ֻһ˫ˮ۾ֻ˾Ǹӡ
òñӣãš
ӡӽһ£ȱ¥һ£ð¥ǺøôҪҪȥȸ裿
¥⿴ţѯ˼պҲߵЩˣ˵ͷ
˾ͽ˼Ҳ¥ӿžǮӣӸСҪ˸ż䣬ȺĲ豭˵
ӺĿţǴӵģ
¥ҡͷˮġ
Ŷ˵ֱֱȥôͻȻͳףҲһ𣿡
¥ֿһۣʲô˵ġ
ͷ֪Թ㡣˵ҲһۣЩĪо˺ʲôèһ
֮ǹϲڳɼˡӾ豭ҾԲƾһˡ
˵ǺͶԵһľ˺ܾãҲûģţһЩѧϵ£ɫˣʶɫˡ
ҵøϽȥˣپ۰
˲¥Żûʲô¥֪˭𣿡
ҡҡͷ¥Ķӡ
Ų̧ͷҲ˵λã

006

û뵽ϲ˸Ů˳ˣ羹ȻôĵĹϲȷӦһȭһ为ĺ
еˣΪʲôȢŮ𣿡
¥ЩЦãԣ⣬עһҲȢ˵ȥ
֪Ŵŵ֮أû뵽ôأŮô߹ˣ¥˶ϣοȹأ
ѾûʲôˣʰţϸŸ־ƷŴľʲôζ¥û뵽ԾƻôȤһ
Ҫˡ¥һ
¥һţ־ȻקתͷȥŴЩڴĿܴܲһȥ
òҪ¥Ǻģǣ岻ʺơ
֪򴽣ұ֤ÿֻһСѣġ
ǲ֪Сèӵ¥ԼҪǻʯĳĲӦУҨӣҿһĸӣǺɣƾûôҾǾġ
æͷͿˣôߣȥʱ¥ϳ¥һС޾ЦǼŮ㻹ǵһȾƵġ
Ų֪ڹŴŮ˺Ⱦǲǲ̫ãֻǾź㣬ٺȡ
¥ϱҲûʲôõģû˵ʲôײ̵ܽģҺˣüֵüɹģǸĵģʵûʲôۣҲǹ
ŵ˵ͷ֪
̣Ȼ˼ѾȫˣŻݻ·ȥȥȥԷ
¥⻹˸СѣҲ򼸿ھû˵֣ڹϡĿţûȾƣ
һ㡣Ųźȣȳ˼ڷӣǰȵĺףɾڡ
Ʊսߣһڣȷʵƾ󣬾ζ㣬ŲԾЦЦ¥Ҳ˳ĵʱҲá
һٷ꣬ľҲˣǾܴ󣬿ȴǸûƵģֻһСѶͷպͮͮģЩ롣
¥û뵽ôС߶ţôҪȡ
ͷŸԼˣЦЦÿ
¥һ٣֪ԼģС˿䵽ģ˵оǺѵãһֱô侲ӵټѲ豭ͳϲ𣿡
źʹҡҡͷϲ
¥ʱˮΪʲô
ָ̧򢣬Ӵĳ棺Ϊϲˡ
¥Цãÿ֣ǲŮ֮ġ
ˣҪ˯ѾͷЬߵһߣͱ۾
¥֮̾ʵƽʱ̫ˣ˵ƺԣŲѹŵ顣
ˣñӣȵʪֽ˲¥⾪ŵʱĺõĳ档
ڴ߿ӣۺգ촽ţŸɰЩȣ͵Ľ첲ӿЩ¶Ưǡ
Ǹˣ¥ᶯ˶оԼҲЩڸʹĴսôˣ˱ǣǣֶ֣ûԽȻӾסЩӦò°ɣ
ԽԽķ۴һɵľ㣬һմϱ񫣬˸տʼֻһµĳԡ
ű׵ĴüԺţ¥ᴭ˺Ų˸˯ȥˡ
¥ڸоԼЩˣ˯ȥţЦЦԼܣȥϴ轵ȥˡ
Ѿüˣ¥ҲڼϳԹԿųҩҵϲܻúóԷǵúҩ
ŵ˵ͷû£ֲСӡ
¥ս۵ĴζһЩģ˵ʲôĻԼ
üҿžô۸𣿡
¥ͷ˭˶۸ֻԼ֪ˡ
¥⴩óţֲĵ飬ǵðҩڸݷ̿ţеȴ߬ţûүʲôôĹΨӲ죬ռүȫߡ
¥ʶ֣ھҪǸĿûãͼĽţ¥⣬㾹Ȼˣ
¥ͷҲû̧š
߹ȥһ˱ϣסߣô㶼ң
¥εСѾͷʲôƢ
һҪӸң㻹һֱң
¥⽫˱ϣΣ㻹ȥϲƣҲҺõȥעЩɣ
Ҳںǰô˵ô˵ȥϣ˵ɩӿɺÿĺܣ֮ǰûԸ޸𣿡
ֲЩˡС¥ⲻԾﴽδЩ
ϣĿһ¥⣬ǵһμֱأɶδɩӸˣʲôʱҼ
հɣ֪ݣһֱΪá
Цһû𣿡
¥һʼֺܶ£ڵôν̬Щȫ⣬ΪʲôȢ㡣
Цɩе˼
ˣ¥ӵؽѰơ
硣ŵ¥ʱЦ⣬ҲûкͷȲ衣
¥Цһ֪ԼҲǰ˵æԼȥˡ
㡣óһµСУ͸ɩӵ»
¥һһԶ͸£Ŷ뵽ڰϸʲôӣô˵ҵŻỳͷͿ˶
Ц˵ģҵǵˡ
¥ЦЦҴлˡ
ÿҵɲҾһСѾͷҪ״ˣռǵôɩ
¥⽫Ҹ䲻ȵӣЩϾΪԼиҲûʲôãȻΪԼûҪôںġ
͵ش˸磬ֹ˹ϵ·ڼңžһЩģһֱ֣ҪôͿ飬˾̿߷
¥ڵʱûʲôӾԼһˣţЩġ
ţѩĲˣɴһ˳˼ţûڴǶˣҲµҲû˽ɽԣ̫һµʯżڱ嶫졣
ΪżٳţճŸͷмû˭ҵĹ

007

Ա߸ӣ¥϶ġ
ʱ˿ͳ˺ͬ͡飿˭֪¥ǧ岻ƫ¥ҼСҵС䲻˼ңֻȢ˱ˡ
ݸ첲ȵģӣ޽ȥҲǵò˷ġ
űߣЩ˵۷׷ףüֻ˼ң¥ǶϲǸҵС㣿˾֪˶֣ȻϲŮˣôԼףҲûôʧ䣬ԼҲྴ벻ͨ
ҩʱ̲סҵС𣿡
黹ͶүϵôãأһΣү˵ʱ
ŷҲţʣ˵ô£
֪Ӳ๫ϲŮ˵ģڶүǰװôȣﲻҲһ۾תתÿаⲻ˵ˣǰһɱ˱ͷ˵ĸ׾ͼǺ
֪ԼŮʮֳ谮û¶㽫СϣҲʧ֮ʹСƽʱԶˣҲ޴֣СżȥҶүΨһʱ򣬾ͻ֧ߵˣֻʱ֣ǶүС㵲һʱʹؿڴʮ־գûȻ
ԭˣŵ˵ͷûˣȥɣܺԥȥǶȻǰĺˣɴЩĽλС㣬ô˰Ҹ
¥ϻֱŽȥһƬ͵Ҳû㣬üţ
ڰд͵͵һš
¥⽫Ƶˣͼ˫ֱϥһڴϣŸСƵģ߹ȥ۾ôˣҲ㣿
ŵû£еġ
¥⽫£Ҳ֪ԸԸԼһɵţҲȥʹɩ˵˵ʲôģһ춼ЩģҲʲôÿڼš
κеݹԣ
Ŵ򿪿˿һͲС̯ĴƷŮӣûвϲֶģµĴȥ̵۰׵Ƥƣ¥лл
¥ЦЦû˵Ҳû˭͵ģʲôʱ˵ɣ
¥ȥ·Ҳ˵أôоȺˡ
ûУ¥⻻·ŽԼ˵ĶóЩ𻨸⣬
űͳԵ٣θҲǺܺã絽ͶˣһһڣйɵζҲǺҲ壬ͦθڣóԡ
¥ЦЦú̿ûȥЩٳԼӾУһóԷˡ
ſųȥһܾ˰Ƶģ涼ҪȻָоҲˣǵһԼôĵˡ
үһԺ顣
¥ͷʣ찢ŶЩʲôûгɣ
ڶүһԼ˵ƲƵģ죺ûУԸȥһȦ󡭡
¥ֹģôˣ
ϲСҺЩС£ӺЩ⡣
¥һüһ˿Ц⣺𣿡ΪľͷأҲԼء
鱾ΪأΪÿС㣬һĲãôŮȫˣ
鲢֪ݵ£ȻΪ֮ʲôģҲ˸˼ʵԼСžţүϲСҲںǿ϶һ
ȻҲ֪Լ䲻϶үǶүٸŷֿȢ͸ˣʱĻᡣ
ⲻ֪¥ⲻΪ˹̫ܵܣԼʣĶܽйǲǣǽ⡣
Էʱ򣬻һһӳĬȻϲֵַʲôҲҲʲôɫÿЩҲν
Թű㲻ô˻ݣ¥⿴ʮŵ֣дһ֣
ŵͷûԼǸرìܵˣ̫̫ᷳ꣬Լһ˵ʱǵصĹ¼ŹֵӣԼòϲ
¥ššüǴĲûʲôҪĶ㡣
ҪĶôˣѾû˶ȤοŴҲûʲôģһʵģôһ룬ȻСʱԼ񵽹һֻССèϴɾװ׾ģرɰʱϲˡ
ɻûһ£Ϊè̫ƤŪҼһ֮²֪ӵѹ˺ܳʱ䣬ԺҲ
Ҫֻè䡣̧ͷ
¥û뵽ҪһҲǣҲ㲻ʲôΪﲻҪĻܳȥ
æͷһúÿš
¥⿴˷ܵģ̲סЦһ㶣ȻƽʱҲǣ֣ûôǣߣ۹ˮһʱĳ
¥ֻ¾˺ĳŶ˵ķĺأҲżеʱ
¥ĲҲǺۣźܰѧӣҲԸѾдĲˣѧµġ
վԱߣ̲סܲܶһЩһĸ²ѧ꣬޲һЩȻ˵ȫסˣԺ󣬵ȻȻЩˡ
ǣʮ¥Ҳóѧĺܿ졣
£ָʮѾˡ
¥Ǿöһѧ˵һѧ̫಻ãڼ⣬Ȼô˵ˣԼҲ˳ˣѧĲҲûʲôߣ˿ʱʡ
ŵԺܺãеӣ죬ǱҲдģˡ
磿
¥⿴ۻдֵţɣ
¥Զı飺ϴ˵ҪģҸġ
¥䲻ˣϲ飬㾭¥Զѧõٻȥ
ô˵
¥ԶһЦǶϬ˵ĵĺܺá￴һۣд֣ɩ֣
¥⽫ŽдһùΣڶдģɱ㵱ǿ˰ɣдԼûЩ⡣ 
¥Զӹ˿ڶ죿ôţȻ㲻϶ãѾ࣬Ȼ֪ııأʮ˳ˡ
ȻأΪȼһ֣¥ļ磺ûЦ㣬ɩڱȽ츳뵱¥Զֿûٷѹ
¥Զһۣ̲סţվıֱͷ΢΢ţӡŷʮרעͷβûпһۣԭŮдôÿģ롣
Զ¥Ȿû⣬ɾųü
¥Զһ»תͷ¥ӣ磬ҡ

008

ȥɣϢ¥⵭
¥ԶͷӦһæȥˣ¥⾪ԼܵܶѾʮˣҲ˳׵ֻÿѧúͼʲôƼÿľֱۡ
ڶһ磬̻ûʲôˣ¥ŵ£Ҳ֪ȥĶһֻèȥֻȥʡ
Ĺܼϵģ¥үС𣿡
¥ͷһܳȥ˰ɣ
ûûУūɣ
ںԺأӶ¸Ҳɹģ¥⻹ûߵǰ;ˣǲСĵȥģû
޻塣Ҳá
ֲʲôӣһ֤ٻˣ
޷εУ¡
үС㣬¥үˡܼҵ
ҲˣŲԱߵλãˣɱקˡ
¥˳£˿̣תͷȥһû
죺ҳʲôãǸǲĶ
¥ҡҡͷִ£䴦ƣҲû޷صĵزɾͽˣȻµ٣ӮҲ٣¥һ²ʲô£
¥⿴è𣿡
ôûͷûβһ䣬£ʲôè
ץӵè¥͵ϲһڼûһֻ
һôˣôһڼң
¥ҲûţԸ񣺡岻ãǰҲţܸ˵ϻԺԼһ죬ơ
Լܴһ죿һʱڣôİ
ҵ𣿡¥̧ͷҪǲȥض취
һֻè𣿼򵥣ϣ̹ǰ˸͹ȥ
¥ЦЦºЩģСһ͸ˣ졣
գգۣû⣬Զɩİ
һԲ廰ȻģûɩӵģСˣ˭Сĺţٿ㣬ԼӰɣ˼㶼öߣԺôˣ
ۣģһôˡ
˵ĹһѾˣ¥һӣá
йĽһⶼܷ̣
ЦûûΣҲ۸۸ˣҸ绹Զ
¥̻æè¾鷳ˡ˵զզģ»׵ġ
Ž쵹ûô壬ڹ߻˵˵һû˵˵
΢΢Ц£ɩæԼľͺãùҵġ
һˣʲôڹ߷¥ѱߵеûžȥҺţü⣬Ȼ˵ʵҲǵ춹ģôˣȻҲеİҲûʲô⡣
һʼ㲻ҲԸ䷢Ȣϱ⣬ϸǾÿȻˣҪϺöˣԼĺӶܺá
֪ҲûôϣֻҪȡԼë
Ůˣڹ˵ҲȽֱӣսСѽҪڲԺӵ⣬ɩ˵˵ǳ׺ûСǸѽ
͵رˮǺһڣ΢죬ڹæڿָı׵ˣ⻹
Ż˻ҡͷ˵˵ʵ¥ⶼûֻÿϰֵַı˯
ڹҲ⣺Ҳúţ϶кӵġ
ŷûӵ£ʱ룬Ȳ˵Сʺӣ˵¥ĸҲûУűأҲѹһֱûԼˡ
¥Ҫ֪ԼСôģﲻôץÿ|컹ˮ˭
¥һҪڹֻȥȥˡ
ﰲſʼ¥飬¥Զ飬ȥһϾʱ򿴣ʣһʷ飬һ永ŷ£Ƕϰ飬û뵽¥⾹ϲⷽġ
Ŷʱ˽֮٣ʷ鿴ǰ£ôĵĹŴʶһ̫õˣ뻹Կǲ
ԣʱûôѰˣЩѾʱ򣬲ŷɫѾˣ͵Ƶˣ¥Ӧÿˣæ˻ȥ
¥һӽŵģŻΪʲôԵģȻ洫һèУģϲô죿
¥ЦŴ򿪸ӣСè˳һֻ׵Сèֻ¥ô󣬹Ҳ£ֻ۾ԲģЩ£Щ
ȲĽӹҲܣô˵ɸɾģƯȣ̧ͷŵʱĶҪˣ̫ɰˡ
¥⿴ϲȻҲˣ㿴㣿
ãȻ̧ͷңô˵
¥⵹˱裺ףÿУս¥ŵʱ򣬶ĸɸһ
ôһ˵ǣãѵõ٩һ䣺ʱΪ޷ˣȻ˲
¥Цһأ
ָһһµСèҲʲôȵľͦõġ
ôӣ¥ҡҡͷ˸ľӣûҪŵʱ򣬾Ͱ档
ŵ˵ͷһССèְɣ
¥˫ֱ룺Ӱɣ
û뵽˸ôӵ֣ͷȥԼСèųһţԲԲӣû飺ãͽӡ
ŽϣڳʲôСʱһʱιǷʲôèʲô֪Ƕè䲻ãŴӦҲûèɣ
¥⻹ж̣Ǹȵģһɩ˵һÿСͿԣԳԵ㵰ƣٳһ㼦⣬Щ㵽ʱŪС
ŵͷһһ£ԷʱСè¥Ҳèˣã˰롣
ȳԹӳЩܳԵĻιӺǶˣڴڵĳԼ̻ʵӿϲžſϿԣҲѧˡ
¥Ҳȥ㿴ЩСˣŸҪúллҲôŰ˼ˡ 
𾢶أͻȻűһƿ¥զզܽ壬ҵ˵Сèﰡ
è͵СôһţӴˣüŹϣСܳȥ
¥˳ֽŴϣ˵ٴΣҪСеģ˭㲻žͽģ 
¥ΪȻڵèأèĶץ档                         


009

ŲСӣ߻ģΨҶܺҲЩϲӱϾСӣè䲻ģСܻ˵㡣
Ҳ£ҪҧҾʹ¥ԼֱңĶȥˣ
ʱ;ò̫Щèģ
¥üģ⺢ǱߵĲӣΪֲòֹܣֱǣ֣̲ЩС˯ˣȥ
¥ԸͻȥŲŽӴӴóԵȻûôˣ¥⽫ԺôûûСֱɩ˵ͺá
ӵСԴСԵûʱҪԹôûûصģҪӵˣһҾͰӹǡ
Ȼڶ緹˶ڵʱ¥Ϳʼ״ˣ׽Сèҿ̣һȥòãСС˼ҲǾĺܣ֪˭
ӵ֣ţڼè
ŵ˵ͷմèץͲˣû
ƲƲ죺Ȼ֪һ粻Ҫ֪˿϶èģⲻǹ˵èҪǲСܳô죿
ݣҲڵʱ͹ֻҪȥ׽ûµġŲףΪһӣʲôʲôƣѵһ˶Ÿӻ
ϿҲǺܲЩС¥һèʲôÿԣ۲ȥǶҪһצӣöѪģ
¥𣿲ĵģҾҪҪף̰Ҵ
ʮֲ˵ֽۣܹͬҲ޹ЩˣҲһ£Ͼӳģʱˣѹ¥γֹ
ֲúúãһ̴ȥ
ųԷ鶼ûˣˣҲ˵СĿУҲֻԼעŵˡ
ų˼ڱطˣոûڵڹôˣ϶ҵĺ̫ˣ
һҲ֪ССģĶôӣ˸è⡣
ڹʢС˵㣬ൣЩҲˣϾҲãҪǹˣָԹˡ
ϲõƽʱģҲ֪ʲôӸתҪʲôʲôĻĺܣҪܸƵôģҲͲˡ
ڹЦЦԵĶӵҪЩȥ岻ãûӣûʲôģʱ˿ɾͲˡ
һ˵ֲˣ˵ʲôأһСӶʲôѵɣ¥ңڼʲô͸ʲôÿκɫ
ڹŲ˵ͷԷˣǶûʲôǰ˵Щ۵ëַˣܴһͲȥæˡ
ӣ¥ԶǶˣ϶ǲӹܵģȻ¥ϴ˵Ӧø֣¥Ǹܸɵģʶֻˣ¥ûٿЩûס
Դż޽Լϲ˵¥ⶼΪϲ죬ڼķ֪ģƢ֣ôȥǾȵĸ󷿵ġ
ԹϾ¥ȥŷſ϶ŪأȻֻһ죬Сһĺܿ죬ƤճˣϲĲˡ
¥ˣæһ˾ʹ¥۾һôСұһɣ
ҡͷ㲻죬Сץ㡣ŻֻԾèԶһ㣬ϾСӣûûأèȻºͣҲӦӦץ˶˭Ҳá
Ҳˣһèʲôġ
Ϲ¥Ҳֻܿˣ󱻴ȥʱĻͷܾǺĲ
¥ϻʱ򣬾ͰľӴ˻ͦһèȥҲñ棬ѺСŽȥٷСȥͦ¡
ŲһֱֻҪԼͻų棺㲻֪жף˯ͷϣһ͹ҵ֡
²ģ¥⻹ǵһμԼô໰ҲСôԴ˰ɣ¥Լеİ
Թ¥ҪһݣȴϽס⣬ҷл˵
¥⿴ţȥݣ̿̿ߵϱ磬ǿνչ˵ֹܵܵϵ⡣
ô¥⿴ɫ࣬˳Ǹйء
ȻϿھ͵ô˰
¥ͷЩˣڳҩҪ
Ͽαûʴ򣬾ӹǣܲҪӰ
¥ϴӺأڻҲѱס㱣סʱΣҲ󣬴˼ٵ˵
ꣿϹȻüڶѾʮˣ㿴ôģ˼ҵĺӶˣ
¥ֲҪʲôӣҪͱˡ
ôܲģѾԶأæŶ飬¿϶ҪϺģҲָٱӣ˶Щá
˼أ¥֪ϵĿġ
ͻȻסקǰ㿴⺢ӣҲֹܸɣȻˣأСΣ 
סˣȻ˼û˵ԼֻǸӶϾģϲԼû뵽ͻȻһ£Ͼ˵˿ڣƲסļͽţǵ΢졣
¥Ҳû뵽üŲż޹죿𣿺οҲûҪ檡
Ͽģô˵ɣͲ˵¶ϴУ˵㷿ô죿չҺ͹æˣܻܲȥźӰɣҪǶ£ҲӦ֪Ƕá
¥⿴һۣ飬Ұ㵱ÿ㵽ˣȻҸ˼ҰˣҲСɣ
ƽʱǰĺܣ˭ȴǶүȵģЩֶչмӣȻȫƾ
֣㿴ȻҲ˵Ŷ£ҲᷴԵġܸɣҪãزһܻˣƸôô㡣 
¥ͷۣűͶ䲻ȣôЩӺò׶˸ЦüۣҪԼͻȻո飬ҲԼ׽Щˡ
˵û˼岻öӿԵȣͲҪЩˡ¥ƢҲ˵ԼֻǿӲһЩҲǿԼ
¥ͷҲصĳţһֱ׹ʱžľ͵ˡ                        

010

طžͼ¥ɫÿ˵Ц䣬һԲǰ˱Źϲˡ
룬ӹȥ¥һתͷͼԱ¶ë׵Դգգ͵Ķ΢΢̧ͷԼСűèɰŵɫЩôˣ
Ա£˵ʲôˣ
¥Ҫǰ¸ǵõ裬ƽǸˣʵʮҪǿռ޽ʮžҪԼСģš
塣
Ҳڹһ죬üǼ٣Ժɣ
¥±ʣǷʲôʱһ£Ҳýĸ״˷ģ
űһ˽еȣŤͷװ׵ģʲôӡ
¥΢һ㶣սѵڰʾʲô
ŸоԼЩ·æ˺󣺡ûǸ˼ͦõģǿԼ
¥ʧЦǻǼµģȥˣŪˣ˯ɣ
Ҳû˭ӹػӣ˴ȴ˯⣬¥ıӰԸòõ޿ޣϧעԼ˰̾űǿԼ˯ȥˡ
ڶ緹ʱžͼ˫ԺףҪǲһ϶֪ܳѾͷһֱԼ䵭ģҲʡ
¥⵹ûƵģճżһˣʲôܳʲôܳԣܵĺϣ鿴۾Խɬ˵Ļһѹ˻ȥ
¥˺žţԴӣһ˵Ҳƣдд֣˾ͺһ
ûһţͿϴһλҩĴվſڣЩɻ󣺡ʲô£
Ͻû£һֱãⲻƣʱҩûкתЩ
ϻͻȻôԼʶ;ûʲô£˶ˣֻô
ôʡ
ԼɽӣܲѾ˲ȫָѡ
Ͼ͵ܻʣ򿴣᲻ỳѣ
ѵȻǱͨŮѵģǲþͻУ»Ӱ쵽ӽϷ飬һڲҪ뺢ӵ¡¥˵Ĵ²࣬ϻרһ˴򣬾Ҫ˵ġ
ߣϲµţôģ
ô룿£һʱ׼ϵ˼ѵԼһֱҩǮ
˼أ
ѵöɫ˼֣岻ûϵҲ㣬Ķ˵⺢ӵ¡ⶼʮˣҲǵȲˡ
ԽԽҵû취ôҪӡ
֪ϳ
ƺһֱſڵţŽԹվϵ㿴ˮˣҲɲʲôػҪ⣬ǴСģź㲻˵ӵͲüǲǣ
ɫʱ˵ϲô壬ԭأ
޽¥ң㲻죬ô뱧ֻôż𣿰˾Ϊ⣬ϱ뻻
ɫԣššü˵ʵܶ£˵Ů˾ǵͻݣΪɷǣС㶼û㲻᲻ͬɣ
֪¥Ϊʲôˣȸ¥˵ˣûͬ⣬תԼͻƿڵģҲѹֽ쿴޵۾ˡ
Ǵһֺ̣ԼҪǲӦ˸ʸΪԼҪǴӦأˣԼøµʲôûС
ͬ𣿡֪ʡ
Ϻ˿òģûͷ˵˵϶ǲܾġ
Ҳͬ⡣Ȼ֪¥ⶼûͬ⣬Ÿûʲô˼ɣ֪¥ⲻԼڱϾԼ˳ӣҪһԼ˵Լû飬Ȣ˭ˣλãžԲж̺ͱŮ˹һⱲӶܣ
û뵽ܾôɴ࣬ʱЩҲұúʲô̬ȣ
֣ȻҾͬⲻͬȨɣ˵Ҳ̬ͬȲãڸֻͬ˼ɣ
ϱҭһ䣬Լ˾ͰˣС۰㲻⿼ǣ⻹Ҹǰ㣬Ҳ֪㵽ǸʲôƢˣ
˵̧Ⱦͳȥˣ鿴ԹҲųţؿڣоЩƵĻţЩ¥һֱûᣬҲû˵ЩվǴڵģ˵Ҳ˵ҲǸøúһ¡
Ҳû˼ˣӾ﷢ԺﰲĺܣɫԺӵȥһݣΪˡ
£ò׼¥֪˻ô˵ǳ֮ˣϾҲǹŴˣǵ˼У£ҲԼЩС۰ɣ 
ô
ſھͲ㲻˵Ǹִֶôû
¥ͷ۵üôˣ
ӵҴ˿ȷʵһ֮ڶܻУԼҲ˵ģĸ˵飬չôţһ䲻ͬ⣬ԼܸɷӻűŮ˵ģ˵𣿡
Ŷô˵ģ¥ûе΢˳е˿ڲ裺ǼȻͬ⣬ͱϹˣ쿪ɣҶˡ˵ˡ
һӣһĶˣ˵˻㲻ˣ
¥һ˸ţԵǸʲôôûҪ⣿
ģѾͷͶ˼㿴ūûܼ޸⣬ɵ檻еİɣ㿴ǸŮˣԼռⲻ˵ⶼˣ
¥ͬǵͱˣӸͦãҪһɲͲ𣿡
תͷҲҶŸΪ˭һΪңǲӵҪǺòˣ⻹öϺ㻹벻뱧ˣ
ӱĲԶ¥ҪȥóԷʱ·ɤڶڲס˵Ķ
΢ͷɫ¥ȴʮѿ֣ţ
ŵһ극̸̸ɡ
¥̾ٵ·ݣΪҲͣˣȴûԽ֣飬ҲʮˣӦ˵˼ˣԼ뷨ԼҲġ

011

һٷȻǳԵΣ˷ȥӷųԵģ¥۹һֱ׷ЩŶתۿɼ²ʱ⣬һͣʵǡ
ϴֹƺҪ㲻ɡ
¥ҲҲգҼҲˣϲһȢˣΡ
ŵͷûɻʵԣﲢںϲϲֻӣҿﲻĿĲݡ
¥޳ָһһµӣȻѾ˼˵ͣ¥Ҳþ㲻Ϊ·ġ
ҡͷҵΪ£Ͼ岻ãΪӵ棬ͻһֱǣ鲻ˣȻҲбˡ
һ̸ġ¥⵽ʱ鰲ٺãȻ֪ûǸ˼
м¡¥ЩأҪǱ˴˼仹ûг׳飬ȻҲױӰ죬֮ζܱҪҪȥ
áŴӦĺʹ죬ʵǹŴӹڿôլ˶ЩͲס
һҹ޻ڶһԹ緹ŸӷϷˮ߻ǵųԵģ鲻鲻ԸӦԴ±ŵĲǴӲڣȴƽϣ¥ⲻԼҲʲôԴ׵ģ
˾¥ȴûȥǣߣǰͣһңλǧЩĿһۣԼȥʲô˼
¥⾶ֱţûſ֣Ŵֿɣѹ˶١
¥үͷԵȣūȥС㡣ܼҽ˴õţѾͷԾ˲衣
ЩԼĿģҪʣͼһ۵ĹＲһ۾Ͷϣţ
С㡣
´˷ȫͬķ㣬üһ˫ĿҲڴԼΪʲô˵Ǹ˾뱣ˣŶϧ
ͺáرĹ֣ﲻ㣬߰ɣȥҷ˵
ЩϰĶʮƣȫмӣѵ¥⿴ģô롣
ºЦŵ㿴Ҳ𣿡
ҡҡͷӦ㿴𣿱ϾҲǺмˡ
¥⣺Ҹ绹û㡣
磿ŵȻıڳһ˿ʲô˼
ȻѾһˣҲ޷ǣȴǾԲ˵ģҵҲ֪Ҳġ
Ůȥ֪¥ãϺ¥Ů
ԭʮǰ¥ҸôһСɽ壬ӽһƬС洫ҵ˰㣬ҷޱ䣬ҵﲻ˵ǷһƨծһҹвŮ
ҲʱʶصʱҲֻǸʧǮ˶ѣһһŮΪĴ⣬Ůʱ򱻹䲻
ͬģŮƵµ˼¥ҷһʼǾͬģ˭ԼĺʵǣǲЩ˾ͲŹȫңһһαƵͶ·󣬺Ὣ;
ծھҲû֮ټǨأ;֮ҲΪ¥˵ǱܿĵطΪŮܿ࣬Ůá
;غ󣬻Ǯ˸٣¥˿ʱ̽Ϣȴ׼ܣ׼˵ȥ
ʱȻСѾˣ뿪ĸʹԲʱգ¥ֵ糣ദȴӲԭ¥Ҹĸ
ŷ·һ꣬¥ʱѾ̫ˣѾûжȴЩƽ
·ܸͬһҲ˿ҵŮģΪǮеλҲֱֻ֪ܳζǱʹǿ̹ģһӶ˵Ӱ
ɩǰ˻Ρ
æѹÿǼŻǲˣѹ¥ŻΪǵȫͨž˿ֻԼûѡ
Ǿҥ𣿡
Цһô룬Ҷ˵ģЩǵģȻҲƲϣ㿴ɩڲ֪ʵʱ򣬲ҲԸ޸Ҹ𣿡
򴽣˵ʵڵģûԸ⣬ưˣȻ¶ǼٵǾ͸òˣϱԼ˯ˣװһŮˡ
¥ЦЦĿô̤ʵ𣿡
̲סһۣ˭㲻˵
Ҳں¥⻰ϸ˿Թ
Цһŵ֣Զӻġ
𣿡Ż治֪û˵
Ҹ֪˲աãŻҲܸĵԸ˾ȻദķǢ
һε磬극ιֻè˵ԸҲò˳Եȥ
¥ŸľԺ棬Ƽæʲôȥ
ЦȥιèԵġ
¥֪ڣԷʱû̺ﶼڣС㣬ܴܲҽȥһ£̲ҸСè档
ɲңҪСиʲô£ϻѵԼ𣿱Ͼ׵ģ̲ҲҴȥġ
¥Ļĸ첲Ҿһ£֤ᱻ̷ֵģʹȥɣèҪҧҾʹµģ
۽ǳ˳飬¥ҧĲܴȥΣյġ
¥ʧƲƲ죬ˣȴСȻûϻ᲻˵ģ㲻Լ͵͵ȥŶ
¥СԴһת˵ͷȥľȥˣ鿴һۣתݣѳԵķŽȥŽСĵĹϻԼӡ
סԱߵСݣȥЩ񲻶һֱӴ⿴Ȼ¥ľһߣûˣĵŽݡ
èӺܴʮۣһžܿ¥۾һŵŵܹȥְӿСèڳԶôŵ̶˽䣬è˺ټˣҲֻź¥һЩ
¥ȴȤĺܣ˿ӵСţһľ˨ӲţŤ˰죬Ǹˣ˷ܵİȥȥè䡣
è޴ɶ㣬һѱץŵֱУצסµĵӣ¥ǼӴֻֽȥʹקèץסһק˳е˺ѷεģĸצӺĳ˹ȥ                         
012

¥Ҫæ£Ÿģӡ
Ǹסӣ˸иѿ˼Ҿ¥ҾͦóԵģϧⲻãҴȥ
Ҫ˵óԣЩҹάģ¥˵Ҳȱ׺⣬ĶǺܹѵ˵ղУͲãִ廨ŵĵϺܶ඼ǺŴģŴеٵĿ
Ҳ̫ѳԵĻҲοڵӣҲԲ̫ؿڵĶ
¥֮ǰͽ岻ã̫·ֻţŵһ̶Ӳŵ
³һѹⲻãкԶһˣǸľ¥װ޵߽ȥȷʵóⲻãҲûˡ 
Сһǳƶˡ
ͷ·¥յһż䣺ţҪʲôҲҽɩӣοͱͲ࣬Ҳ˳ڡ
۲ƣ˼嵭ģһƲ죺ʲôóԵģ
ЦЦ粻ó̫ؿںġ
ȻĵͷҲģҲ䡣
˵лأųˣִûȣҲȷʵĳպöˣɵĶЩ
߳ԱأȻ泳µʮ֣ǡѾͷҴҵܽС㣬֪ڲʲôҲǣˣ
ʲôôԶôȥȻңȥһ¡
ŵ˵ͷͷԣûʲô̫ϵ뷨ðȻһײУһź£彣ӷ˽
滹иŮģ˶ʱ̧ͼϣ
ҲûŴһۣüĿģӢֻɫ԰Щ¿ֻһСѪδδȾ˵ذ塣
ԭٲ׷ΪԼȫָָٲܣ׷˾ˡ
ššüĶ
Ķ֪ڵΣʵʵ˵̫ãһָӿۣץԱϵĶ˿ھͼż䡣 
Ȼճȥٲͳ˽ƴżһŮӣ˵ģ
ͷ쿴ⲻѪ𣿡
Ϊ׵Ĳͷ˿ɵĿɨţսأ
źܳʵһָӺˡ
ͷɨһȦɵĿѪôûˣȥã˼׷
һ£Լʲô°˻ҪץԼæǸСһģѣ
˭㣿СոմߣôԼأ۲ĸ첲קߡ
žôϡͿıˣˣ˽˻Ȼȥ˾¥Ժѣô£ϰһʱżһ˶ûˣһѪ
ʱɵˣأĶȥˣôиԼҪǳ£ô 
üСżλأ
Сæ۴ˣӦǴˡ
һǻãæ¥ȥǱ˸˾ͺãȻûˣȥãȥ֪ͨһ¥ү
ŵҲûֱԴϾһεεŮˣû֤һ˹ˣҲҪģҲ᲻
û뵽Լһνã£һۺĿУѺá
Ҳǵһμ;ʮͣһٷǾ棬Ҳ΢΢죺Ǻˣ
ˣǴܵ¥ͲټѪڴŮżʧˣͷɸŮйأ´ˡ
;ţǺˣɼǴˣ
ţȷʵһӡҲûѣֲʶˣûҪڣѪȷ䣬Ϸɡ
;ۣʲôϵںδ
Żصˣ˲ʶֻȥԷģȻ˾ʹ˽ҵĶס˿ڣҺȥˡղǿû͡
𣿡;ʣ˼Ȼû㣿ʲǸã
ô֪δбҪǸǧһȥģɣ
ŸҪ˵ѾҴҵĸˣץ˵
;ŮĴãҪ֣
Ҳ֪Լ˽ƽʱôУ͹£Ъ˿һģˣҲǵˣʱڶ¥
;һͷȻأ
վԱߣˣλĸͽûκιϵҵѣȥԷġ
Щ;ĸûŮֲƭԼ;ʣļҵĹ
ҵķˡ¥̧ڣţһûͣĸ˹Щ΢ǵڿźö˶˵վʱи
⣿;˵ˣû뵽ǰλǡ
¥һ֣ˣС䣬û£ɺϡ
Ȼ¥ӣǸԼŮһȥģȻǿŵģ;ڰ֣Ȼһ°ɣ
ã¥ɫͲÿһֽǣţҰ˽㣬ôչ˵ģ
ĽͣҲǹһ˶µģʱ˴ˣҪǲȥҲ˰˭뵽¶
¥˵˸ţȻЩ£Ǵ˴ˣǹǽܰȻ
߬ĺ֪ܽŵˣָֻ֣˵Сˣ³ͻȻ˭Ҳû뵽
͵¥⽵˼֣ίͰ͵ҲʶԼЩˣǽи⣬ʲôɶز˵ġ
֪ﲢûбˣôԼЩûе΢о΢ɲǣҲһ˲ѣ֣һûԱ
¥ĵͷεʧЦԼС֪֪ԼڹŹһ⣿Ȼųԣ
ѵõһ߰ɣԷȥ
ʵҲûԱɲ۸ǰˣƽʱºͺ͵ģ淢Ƣˣ˸Լظȥˡ
¥ȥСݳ棬ʵղžǸΧһԲˣ¥˱ˮô£ 
ż򵥵˵һ飬ͼɫֺˣȻ󲹳һ䣺㲻õģҾҲûҡ
¥⿴һۣô˵úã㲱ˣҪǳ˵ʲôˣԺž͸ߣĶȥ
ʼ磬û˵ʵʵĸھ̴һ磬ϻؼҺ󣬵˵ȥӣͼſſſԼҲûУǰеѪʱһĳ                          

013

¥ŵʱ򣬾ͼŵϥڵϣСĵӣ΢΢һüôˣ
ŶҶۿһȦһϢģֻ۾Ҳˣطˣ嶼ġ
˭ҧҧСĵĽŻߡ
¥⿴ӣæ˳ȥߵãϳˣŶ˵ѵ⣺պҪأèھ͸ӳȥ
ģĻð
ʱڹҲ¥ˣ¥۾ͨ죬϶Ÿҩ߹ȥ¥֣㿴㿴ץʲôˣҾ˵㲻Ҫǵ²Ÿǲǣ
ɻĿ¥Ұģôܻӵӵģ
¥˵ͷź˿ҲǸ߹㣬èСҲˣȥŪ𣿡
СöЩ϶ˣСĸĲأǵô˰æעţèˣ㻹ֺӲɣô𣿡
¥ǰһ󣺡˵ǺӣҲֲðţƽʱСעŲèܳȷӲòųš
ڹź£ίǣ̰棬Ҳû˵Ҫֵãֻǲ֪᲻̡
Ҳӷ¥ӹ˿̾˿Ȼסһݣһèʲôʱи⣬ܣǻǰŪ߰ɣ
¥Ҳͷ˵ǣϾǺҪèǿɲ
Űǿ¥⣬¥èģ
¥ڿʵˣèŵһӵһץҾͷſˣҺŹܵġ
ܣǽд𣿷ǱŴȥģת飬ȻЦһǺöְ
ûһ񣬲˶㣬Ȼһ֣ŵôˣûҪСͲˣҪҪ㣬͸Ҵˣǲ˵պȥڷˡ
˫ȭҧŴǿĲϵᣬ¥һס˵
ߵſڣһ¥ϣ¥Ⱨڴϣ˱Ȳ裬ɫķۣȷʵڼˡ
Ϊʲô΢ƣˣҴˣСĵĿˣǱǣôˣ
ĴҲĴ¥ڼţ϶ɡ¥˵ǼıƽʱĿĶˣοִ࣬ҪֻҪиע⣬ͻᱻŪ˵Ҫߵʱ¥û˵ 
ű˱ֻֻۣèѣ˭˭ˣѵèעûк³𣺡᲻á
¥̾˵ˣô죬ԼӿɰСһҲԼ׽ 
תͷӣ΢΢ȥӵĶˣܻܲ 
¥ȥӣַԵĵݹȥܹɵĳ˽ȥ¥ϣȶˣܳܺȣӦû¡
ܸҸ𣿡
졣¥⿴ͳҲȥóԷҸ˻
ҡҡͷûθڡ
¥֣岻ԣúóԷ˴ҴӦ㲻ߡ
һ㲻˵ڼ𣿡
԰ƽʱݣû˿ŵʱϷϳԵģھҲû¡
æͷˣԼܾԶ⼸Ů˺ͺӣҲܵˣɫε¥⣬Ҳ֪мΪѣһֶӣһԼΪԼ˵ǣŻǸжģлл㡣
¥΢˳һԴʲô˵ȥˡ
ҲǳƵģϼһģôַƢԷ
¥Ҳ̫˳ǣҲ롣ԱߵĿ׼вˡ
״æүɣ
¥һ㿪Ҫ֣˳ò𡣡
ʱѪɫȥѿͣ˰գүûԴĸоүһ˲Լ 
ΪСүŴİΪһֻèè˶үֶӣӦùè𣿵ﲻԾҧŴۿתȴ¥ɫ
¥ලǿһ࣬´ȥӣһһιЩԵģСԴǿЩˮͲҶˡ
һ˫ˮ۾ͶУֻС۵ĲУȻèǲҲһҲ֪ʹ຦£˱Ӽ¾ôݴȣŮûаֶ
û˯ãʱ˯Ļ㰲ȣɽһֱΣ߰һֱڲһʱμӱһʱεԼǰֻè
ڶһЩƣ˴ϴ˼¥һֱŵĸûȥԷҪߵʱųݡ
¥⽫ҲҪȥ¥ţַˣڼЪţһῴӵġ
ҡͷ¥⻹˵ʲôһקӣ㲻ڣҲš֮ǰȻ˵㣬ܵˣԽദ
¥ͳԲסףֻǣ¥ϳ¥èŵҲãʡļﲻͣ
첻˵һԵ¥ԶǾ̫أ첻µزµģȻܳ¶𣿡0223
¥һ£ʾ滹¥ڣ¥Զʼ粻˵ˡ
Ѿ˵ʲôˣ¥ˣȻ۰Լҵĺӵģ˭ΪһèʲôҪģ
һſڷ£ȻҽӦҲܿһġ
Ǵ򿴼ֻèü¥óӵʱƵȻ¥˵һҺȶˣⲻ
ϵëεĨЩҩȻñľͷ̶ˣ˲Ŵèȥ̡
̳ھƣ滹һСԣζУƽʱæʱЪŵģӷ棬㽫ӱ˳ϣһһµĸ
ë׵Դȥָﶼܴ֪˭ãԸ˭׽Ÿ۵ĲС
š¥һȥἸ̳ƣ㶢һ¡иܴĵؽѣƶǷڵؽѷ͵ġ 
ӦӷŻȥȥվڹ̨϶ţճơ
Ҫ֣һ̧ͷڿ˵ʱסˡ
ҲÿţĿԣ˴ﶼǾ㵣ʶ̨꣬һĲôѵΪԼˣ                   
014

֣û뵽Ȼطܾһڹ̨棬ϰơ
ò׼Ǹʲô˼ֲҴ󺰣֣Լû˾ͳɵˡ
Ҫˡ֣ԹԵָŮľ̳ӣŵţƤƴӷڹ̨ϣ㲻˵ӡ 
Ų֪һӷôܴҡڵڽϣĿ߻ţƵĿ£Ҳֻƴ򿪸Ӹװơ
ӾԱߣЩҨƣֻͷ˵ǧѣ
һȻ齲Ǹ¶ǸгİɣĻŮ޴֣תҵŮ
˼ˣŴݵҡҡͷ졣
ֶ֣΢ˣϻһ޲ģɾôŮҲЩ˼
Ҳġ֣ڿڵұԩȥʵ˵սӹľƣǮڹ̨Ͼͳȥˡ
Զˣŷģ¥˾󣬱վſڡ
Ŷûǵø¥˵ҸղǸˡ
¥սƷ£ʣ˭
ٸ׷Ǹˡ
¥üͷĶ
̨ϵļͭ壺˺ˡ
¥˵¥Ҳˣֽݣ˿û㣿ûϳ㣿
ϳˡӵСԴϴҵĸоûûң½ˣҲûκɱ⡣
ôңͽߣ¥Щѻ
˵ǳĺͶ̹ʱҲûж飬ɵ˵ԩ飬ȻңǲǺСѣ֪ô𣿡
˼˵ţ¥ĿĸﷸԼԩԺҪôǸ
ƳһۣıûУ˵м׼ġҪˣССĿɫţСУҲֻҪ΢Ӵܿ˶Լûܲѣ顭
ʱɣ¥⿴һۣ´ټһҪңæȥˡ
žݸӴţ¥ͱīУ˾Ϳ֣ĶҲġ 
һεϣʰˣŽȥԷӴĳԵķźã˺ü̺ȷŹӡ
磬˵Ƥۣÿ죬Ĩǲ̵ġ¥óȥҽҩ࣬ȻҲϾǸӣ¥ֶӣô᲻ģ¥ɽӣ˳ɶҪ鹦ڴˡ
¥ӹļ磺ˡ
¥һֱŵ֣һϣǱ̧̧֣ǳȥʱҡ
¥ĿţǸӣΪԼһҺгɼأˣ¶ҲвԵĵطĸۣϡ
һֱ¥ȻҲصģɩϾͺá˵תͷ¥⣬Լû˵ʲôҩ࣬˰
ؼҺŽһʱûӣЩϰߣյ͵ƣȻţ̣·ϴˡ
ֵĴţͼ鱧ż½ϴģûɣϷ紵ˣȹɣ
žͿڵĽ·ĹԼݣûôڿ쾢ģԼģŶ鷳Ͼ鲻ԸģſɲԸɫ
·滻ģûøϴȻԼϴ·ͻȻתˣɲš
һֱ̻бķԸ𣿡
Ǹ꣬ûϷȻڣʲô
ҧҧ̣֮ǰ鲻£㲻ˣԺһˡ
ϿңȻֻԼΪϿңȴǰֲŵģ֮ǰǧټ¥ķ˵ĸ飬Լĳº֣һŮˣ˵ڸľͻڸģ
תԼϵӣ˼Ŀĥ⣬Ļػһ̧ͷͼ峺ֱֱԼ峺ȴֺܽ˿һæֵͷȥ
ŷ̵ĳ˳㲻ôΪԼΣֻҪûݵңͱһܸ
˵ҲʲôɫתóԷȥˣݺݵȭƵĳıӰһۣװʲôԹŮʵ۱˭С 
ϴõ·һ£µҲˣڶүϲʱ򣬴ԼүԽԼֻϲԼпöүԼ
˿ԼմèԼûϵܻԼĳ⡣
¥һžͽҩ˳ôˣ
ڹļ򣺡һ㣬Ϻˡ
Ĩϣ˵ǲ̵ġ
ڹӹ¥߸ҩߵ̣ܲ
ܺ͵רҽʹġҲͱ˵¶ˣϾȥǵèҲֲǡ
ڹҩһţһƿҩˣǷº㿴ʲô̬ȣֻèˣֶӲȸèҪ𣿡
¥Σ˼ⲻǸҩ𣿡
ڹۣʡô˵ȴ¥Ĩϡ
è𣿡¥֮ǰŸè棬ڿɲˣèӶ£ʲôʱԼ 
ڹ¥ǰèôˣ
¥ҡͷûУ˿ڷھˡ
ڹһüţ򣿹ȻèֶҪɣȻˣָǵһˣԼֶۣ
ˡ¥Ǹϴ֣ľŮߴߴ¶ȥ͹ȥɣӼﲻڵģ˵èһˣҪôϾҲǵġ
ڹҩĨϴϴ֣ʵɷǺɸ֣ɵ˼ҶܶǰͱõϲںòиϱЩ㻹֪ȡȡ˼˵أ
¥һɻ󣺡ȡʲô
ڹ̾ͷ¥ԣȥ̡
¥˵ͷȥڹѹǼҲԣܹôһ̣ۿҲܲ˶ˣǴǴ󷿻Ƕû
¥ûǻ˵𣿸ֵƽְ
ƽʲôƽ֣ڹһھ̵涼ţһݣƽֲּܷԺҪģ϶ûϣʣǺͶƫЩǣʱǲʮþȵ𣿡

015

ϴ衣ԹЪ˻Ŷ¥Ϊˮ㣬Ƕ죬ϴı㲻ôƵǰΪһֱãҲϴ
¥⿴һۣ䡣
ŽժϣѾöûϴˣܡǸϷӣÿϴѳϰߣΪ壬ôѾǼˡ
¥⿴ЩЩˣԷҲȸʱЩ֪ɾһ̿Ӿˡ
ͷԡͰŵ˰ʱ¥żͰˮԡͰֻЩˮˮ£΢Щȡ
Щãܶһ¥ȥߵϣŵһֻ˽ȥȷʵЩ̣ȴýĺܡ
⣬Ȼ죬¥ˣӵʱպ·粻ľͷǰɫ֣Կϣ滭ɽˮԼܿӰӣƮ¥һæ첽ݡ
Ŵһӣˮ˲ϴϴһʱ˲ɾ»ϣ˶ȥ
¥飬κ죬ƽֻֽ̬Ź˲ÿϽ˶˱ѣ¥ȥˮ
ϴһᣬŸоˣ鶼˼֣¥ʰˣͼ۾û˯š
Ϩ¥ϴǼζ˰죬˾Ȼûһ¥ůˣ
ŵͷֵ͵Ͷһ¥ᣬ˸òˡ
ģϸһ⻰ˣû뵽һصôһ档
ҧҧʵԼԺȻϲ¥û˵ģ֪νòôº󣬸Ƕĺø
Ȼ޹ˣúùӣǿģǸ̵ˣվÿ飬Ů׶ϣԼһаֶġ
Žȥ˻ĸ첲¥˲ô
Ÿɴסĸ첲£ڰѾ͸ˣͷһ˯
¥£ת̲ס˳ǣ˵⶯㲻öܣѾΪѰůǺµ£ѵõԼ׽ˣȻڴˣһ֣˸
Ľˣֻ䣬ȴȵģѵһɬ¥Щ궯θоû˯ţţ

ú塣
ûʲô⣬ЩУžܸоеģǰ˶ʮ꣬Ǳ곤꣬˵Ը飬ȴһ֪⣬ΪԸȦ⣬ûѡ 
Сʱÿûİְ֣ˣҲһֱã˿̱ΪһԶ̸һֱʶų⡣
ɵûѡر˵ӣʱϸģδǿȹʲôãҲô¡  
¥⻹ʲôӦȴ˰ΣԼǳĺȻѾ˯ˣЦһǰûŮ˵ʱ򣬵Ҳûʲô߰㣬ÿ콿ڻʥҲ̡
һ˯ĸϴ緹ǳˣԺÿ¥ȥ̣տӣڼţȻ΢ʣҲûӲ
ӣȰѴĳԵĸιˣȻָĺܿ죬ѾŲˣֻȻǵߡ
ӳȥ㿴Ѿˡ
¥߷˱ߵҪܱ˲ãʮ£ҲͳĲˡ
ŶһҪݣӽһۣˣţ֣ۣƴڹ̨ϡ 
¥Ȼ֪ǹٸǴͽӹƴȻûʣֱȥŮľƸǰҨЩãǡ
¥⽫ƴš
ʶ
¥룺ҲʶҲϿͻˣÿն
ˣ֣̿ôˣ¥ͷû뵽ǡ
Һá֣ͳͭ壬Һû˵ˡ
¥һֱſڿڰ֣ʲôĺÿûôʹһ˵ġ
㲻֪˭𣿡򴽣Ҹ˵Ǹͽ
ʲôȻ¥һ㵣תͷſһֿۣţǸٸ׷ӷ
ŵͷƵҲû뵽ǻʶ
¥üȻǺ˽ˣȻǹٸ׼Ĵͽ
˵Ǳԩģôʡ
¥Ȿǲûŵģȴɵ˼ֻɣɻƣ¥֣˵Ƚȥɣ
һ۾æ磬Ҳˣ¥ȥԿڷǻٻ¥¥ߵſڣӭ¥ģһҲڣŹס֣ҲڣãһûԷһ𰡣
¥պҲҪ˵ͷΪҪ˵±ȽأͽһżС¥˺¥ʣ£
æͷ㣬˰ŵǸͽѶˣܾץˣ
˻ǲıˣҲ£֪˷ʲôӣ
Ȼ֪ˣȥҾҵˣ˱ھֵͷǰڵʱ˵˷ͽڽˣֵľʦˣΨû£ھֱᣬⲻɱ˽ڵץأ
¥˿ڲ裬˵ԩǲ֪٣Ѿѹٸ׷ˣɱ˽ڣΪʲôɴһ֮أٸץ˿ɾˡﻹùٸٵõʲôѶ
ѽҲ룬Īԩϴѣģ
գգۣô֪ﻹʲôû£ʱץͺˣҲõİŵİΣˡ
˵ŻѾˣ¥Ҳٶʣ;˽һЩģȻûʲôܣҲǸͿ٣ԩʱץһǣ˵ףǺ棬²֡
ˣʲôˣ̧ͷʡ
Ժÿ춼ź˿ࣺû¿ҡ
ΪʲôϾһŮ˶Ǵڼģοÿصôûͦ۵ġ
ҰèھˣҪÿտҡҲôڼġ
ھüǶ಻㰡
Щ㣬Ҳȷڼûĺãһܻ㡣èæŪģЩԲס
ʲô˼ֿ¥⣬Ҳˣ۸ˣ 
016

ҲûͼӴף˵˵Ҫ飬¥вԵĵطԼҲ˽ѵҲܾŸô˵ǹţ
ôһˣ¾͵øŵܣôֹǰ¥ϴ򶼴ôأ
Ѿͷü¥⣺磬֮ǰȵǸ
¥Ӷ˶٣
룺ǰɣǵˡȥ¥һΣΪ˿˵¥⣬ʱҲûעôһˡ
û㵱ӡһƲ죬СǱźųģѾͷʲôûУȻ֪ŵô˵ɣè˵èԼˣӵĺӣҲҴ
Ȼ֪ģҵɳ˾ͲˣϾҰռϲĶүء
סˣ˿¥⣬ȻЦЦѹ֣ǵһѾͷֻҪ¥Ҵһ죬ɾͱаˡ
¥ֻӣȻ˵ôޣǻͷһ⡣
һֱӣô꣬ܲ˽Լ𣿱ϿĶţʵ͸࣬ӲϳԿӣʲô
鵽˳޵ͣұҸ˼ңûʲôʵģҡҲǿڣ˿϶ͬ⣬Ͳͬˣ˼ɣ
ۣ֪Ҳ˵
ҵȻ֪¥һﴽ֪˼Ϳԡ
Ϻ¥һֱ֮ĵģżһҲС˳ֻҪ˵ƢҲǲġ
ôʵ¥ãӶڻ£ҪõõʱҲǰֲġ
˺һھ¥˷˻ȥ¥˸к͸ŽݴȥˣҿôˣҲǸϲСèСˣֻԼûǸģӲ
ŰӴﱧҪôŻЩӣڻá
СĵĽӹ˱͹ʱཱུģݳʲôˡ
ҲΣԴ˷ڵӸǱǰСǵš
˵ŻȻ涣һ죬¥ľǳʲô£æƿӳȥôˣ
ˤˣ֣ԭ¥ȥؽþƵʱ¥ݴһ˴һˤȥƸˤ˸顣 
˿첽ߵؽѿʱͼֵĽ¥̧ʪ˴룬Ϊӣ첲ˣΪײĲᣬվ¥۵ֱ 
˿ẓ̌͵ȥҽݡ¥Ҵҽһ䣬˾̧ 
תͷȥ˵ʼնû˵ϵǵɫסˣһѣȥɣԼžС
濴һۣҡͷû£ҵžˣ˵ҿɲİһģͷָ˵ҡ
űҲˣ֮Ľᣬܲܽ⿪벻⿪Լ£ԼܺߣʲôʥĸȥȰʲô
˴˰ʱ¥Լˣæʵôˣ
¥첲ֱƤˣˤЩأȼ˵ҪԴˡ
ôˣɻҲ֪Сĵ㡣һ䡣
¥·һԴҪ뿴ȥ￴ȻҪкü¼ˡ
ȥһҵҺģҪȹңҵŲֻ۱ֻۡ
¥ҲһûȰʲôҲǿΣѾôˣԼ⡣
ûſ˿Ҳû
͵ȥˣǽҪסһ¥׼ȥʰµؽѵĲ
æǸպãסɣ
¥ҡͷⲻʣҲô⣬ҺͰҼҿջպһǡ
æסŵĸ첲˵ʲô⻰أڻסջôͷҵŲƽЩС¡
ھ̴һ磬ʵֲźһȥյſڣǡ;ظ΢΢죺ⲻ𣿡
ȥͰûزȥˣסһϵġ
;ȷʵûôС˵ͷ߱ߵǲǾ̳ʲô£
ҸСˤȣҴǰͻؼˡ
ǰ沢˵ˣں̾㿴ҶǲҲͦȵģ
֪ʲͬڳˣ嵭ȴֱһǸʫԻ
ӼҲʮֲ죺סϣǿ̫ˣܺ¥ддˣ֮ҿרо˷֣֤з̵Ļᡣ
ˣ˵ҲûգƫϲӮNɪӣԷԷ
˳ԣˣ⽻˼ˣʳĺͳն¥ҺöˣԷĵ;˻ûץ𣿡
;ҡҡͷһۣܵʲô
һץҾ簲һ졣˹ڻǸңҪǲκ˵ġ
¥Ҳѵü;һΣôɵգҲ˳һ䣺ǿɱ˲գۣΣô᲻Ѱŵʣ忴л᲻ʲô飿
;ҧ˿ͷڵھֽ˵ģҲûʲôΣϾ֪ǸͷѾھָ֮ãδʲôĲӣȻ˵ЩΪʱ磬û飬Ҳõʱץˡ
¥ҲöˣԹ;ЪϢȥˣӲɷ˵¥ȥ壬ȥҪסӣջظʱ̿ˣӦò䡣
ˡǿͷҲܿ¥ȻҪõģҲʲô
˾˵࣬˵ţżӦ䣬ţ𣺡Ժʲô˵𣿡
û˵ҲûʹԼھɣ
˵ʵǸþ֮ˣû飬̵ܾãɶҪһСӣˡǻл
ǸˣҲΪЩ²ĵġ˵ô˵һ죺ʲô뷨
ҧҧҲֱӸ˵ǸĺǿˣҲԸʲôϵҵΪ밡к˭Լǲǣ
΢΢ʲôôصģ
õʦү¸¾Ҫˣ˵и߾ͣҵûҵʵѡأ
ʦү˵ȥʦүŻû
ǰҶִʦүȻǴ´ģҪǸ˵϶Ϊߺţп˸һ䣬ȰһȰ
ȰʲôŻû˵¥Žˡ

017

һЦûʲôô˭Ӯˣ
ԹԵ˱費˵֪ˣҪ˵ͲҪһֱսҶˣɴúðݸʦѧһ£֤
ӰһۣǱֲˣ
£˵¡¥ӡ
˸£ôôࣿ
¥Ų豭˼²ſڣôɣ׬Ǯǿһ˵Ӿܣæǣߡ
üʲô
ַݾ¥СҲ´̸⣬ûлѾȥرͲ̫󣬶ǱȽһط¥ݱطٺܶ࣬¥һģӲ͵ϣ洫ƷҲͱԹƺȵĹ˿Ͳ٣ȴ٣Ҳˡ
ȻҲ֪¥Ҿ̵ľƺúȣƼ۹󣬾Ҳ˰ɣο·Զˣǲ˸鷳
¥ô᲻֪ɷ¶ԣһʶֲں໨ЩɱأǲɣҲûʲôʧǣ
ӵͷû⣬ȹҰϵ
̸ȴ뵽˱𴦣⼸ھ̣ѾЩƳ˸飬ȷʵζһ־Ƶ˵еĵط᲻⡣
ߺ¥ڳ񣺡ʲôأ
룬Ȼ¥Ҿ̵ľƱúЩϾ׷ûôߣһǲеģӱķԣ
¥µĿأ
µľƷŶھǺϲûӴƵҵҲֻ˵˵Լ뷨ܲҪԼùӻ߻𣿱𻨾ƣƣ
ӣ¥ûЩɾƵģô뵽Щ
㿴ҲܳԵģɸ㣬δؾͲƣˣͲطѾ˼ʲôģȻҪǲУ˵ģҲûʲôʧ
żǵǹŴЩģûдΪʱڻ̫磬Ѿ˵Ҳа취ġ
¥űһԾѾмˣֻƬ̹򣬱뵽˺üЩķӡ
ԡЩȵĿţû뵽ԼӻʹԼڹ̲Էˡ
һֱԼãѵԼҲܰǣȻҲǿĵģ䴽Ǿͺá
¥ټЦ˿۾΢Уиǳǳľѣˣ̲סһܳɣǼҵĴ󹦳ˡ
νܰͺá˵ĺȻҲȷʵ뷨¥ȴһȣʮģû
ˣ˯Ҿޡ
һ˯ʮְݣڶѾѾͷȥ緹;Ҳڼҳ˺Żȥš
ţȻܼҼҴҵܽүҶںԺץһˣ˵Ҫү
;ü
ػ˵촳ģֶЩĿȥɸռˣ¥ű㶣ô
֣Ҳû뵽⿤ôСȻˣû˵㱻Ҷڵأˣ
;¿ӣǰ㿴ǺˣΪδ
֣ڡ֣ڲҪ˵ĸۡרˡ
֣ڣ;һȣǸͷЩһֱץȴץԼţ
֣ڻصǣ
ˣСԱߵţǲ
ŵ˵ͷҲ˹ȥܵԶԶˣǴʲộ
;֪ץ㣬ΪʲôԼұ٣
֣ڳشˣΪǱԩģһ֮Ҫһӣ
;ͷ˽ұ٣ʲô֤ݿϴԼɣ
֣ڹֱҡͷֻǸЩֵĴˣ֤ףǻüգʲô鲻ȥֹܰҲֻдˣϣܻһף
ȷʵֱˣ;ʮĹ٣ǵһμӷԼŵģɷϵģⷬٶ˵ǣȷʵ;˶ҡϾģܻǿǿͷĴ
;¥⣺㻹ǲǻ飬ڿȷʵûô򵥡
¥⿴֣һۣ壬ʶǾ̵ĳͣԵ֪ٸҪץһ䣬˵һ䣬Ҿʮа˾ȷʵԩġ
¥ӡ֣û뵽¥ȻΪԼ˵ʱ䣬ԼǹһյֵۣܶʲôӣһүЩᡣ
;ͷ֣ڣȻұ٣ǱȻҪģԼûʲôͷǻɵˣ
֣ãӦھˣ
ŶԼã
ΪڱȽϹأ³ʲôأԶ·û߳ߵٵڣ·ϸûʲôɽˣڰ·ģбѵϢΨ˲һڣĿľòھֵɣ
⼸ԼģھֶȥЩֶյֵܣȫ֪û˭û취ˣ
;üģھʮˣҪɲףκ֤ݶѾˡ
֣Щʧ䣺Ҳû취𣿡
һԵ¥һֱüͷ˴̲סʵҲûӡ
żüͷչӦ뵽ʲô永Ǳ飬ⷽо
Ŷа취
¥һһȷʵʵ˭ϣ״ݾߣ߳
Ա߹ԼԵ˴æ¶ͽˣѣһܰҵ֤ݵģ
˶ʱ˹ȥһ¥ģϴҵȷһֱǣЩ̫Ծġ
ſǵתˣǴ˽ĵģ¥;ʦүҪ;ϿһκܺõĻᡣ
㿴ֲøˣҲùٲȻױ֣ʱòǲǣˣִŵùģ˭ã
ʱ֣ҲһȭˣҲŵù¥ӣԸ⽫ϣ
˵˴;Ҳûʲôɾܾ¥ҲųģӺʹ˵ͷȻˣԸԸæȻ˳ˣҲġ
¥Ȿֻ֣Ҳǰ;æ˸ѣû뵽תۼ¾䵽Լͷϣתͷţų΢΢˵ͷʵ֪ܳ
¥˿ȷʵⷽһֱȤҲЩ飬ûлһΣЩ˷ܣ˵ͷǾ͹һˣ

018

ǽ¥ˣһĨڣҪھϤ֣ڴЭ֣ҹģҲܡ
Թʹȥ̣æԼȥˣú棬Ҫһȥ
Ϊ֣ڵµ˵ʱ䣬˵ʱ¥Ѿţ¥ʵôˣ
ҩЩˣЩӲܸɻˡ¥˿֣ڣҪŮ𣿡ƣˡ
¥æиҰæ£Ҫİæ磬ҺͰſܲȥסЩ
¥ͷȻ£ȻǲѵģҪææģҶžС
¥˵ͷֵܼǲôģ֣ˣţæʱͽȥ˽ھֵ
ҲܻźŴ¸ĿǰΪֹ֣Ҳֻ֪ھ˭пݺһ֪
ʣƽʲôԸ𣿲Ȼôƫƫѡ㱳أ 
֣һҡͷҴӲ˽ԹѡҴΪһã׳¡
¥£ھֲ̫ܣҵ֤ݣ㲻˵ڹһɽ˹ûа취鵽ǵټ
֣üҡͷ⸽ɽͷ࣬͢ܣٸǵֲãҹ㣬پ߻ЩɢɢģȥطҲ
ǰ¥ָĦ򢣬Ϊٸ˶ã⿿ȥɽǷ߶֣¥Ҳšü
һԵʵ˵Ǹ߳𣿡
¥һüǲãֻҪʱ˺ͣⷽ棬ǾԶԶ
˵˵Ҫˣ
ָ֣ղ˵ھֱʮˣȥֻʣʮʮʦ֣Ҳ˵Ҫʮֲˡ
Щ˼ÿҪ˸𣿡
¥ͷÿ֪˭Ҳ˵ȫǻɶ
˵˵ļƲʲô˵ܰæ롣ʡ
¥⿴֣ڣųϢ˵ץսڵɽˣǸڹ᲻Ͳסڣ
֣ɫһͲסӵֱڿ²̫ܣ˸£ضıȫ˼ܣŪǲıץˣ²óȻж
¥˿ĵͷԣ˼һȥ֤û˱ץǰɣ
֣ڸյͷȻӦˣ¥үҪڣǼȥȺɽˣȻһ򾡣
š¥ָϰߵӣǣȥĶôֺõˣأ˹ٸûĵطˡ
֣ЩĵɹٸЩѵǻûЩʦ࣬һһһˣδؾƵס
ƲסΣ¥˼Ϊϸ壬ֿܶˣʱ˭۳⣬ڹͺ𣿡
֣һӣ¥үǣԼ˺üգҲ֪ô죬¥үͻȻéٿһƺҲ޴֣
ڵ⻹ǣȥңٸ۱û٣һʮ϶ǿɵġ
һֱĬĬŲ豭˴ʵǾͲܲҪһӵɳȥ𣿡
¥⳯Լӵ뷨볣˲ͬ澶
۲ֵ֣𣿾ԴΪͷ߶ھָң˵зټϢų˭뿪ھ֣һβȥÿһ˭Ҳ
¥۾һĿƵĿţð취
ҲһȣҶû뵽
΢΢ﴽֻǺȻ뵽ܲе֪ͨ
Ȼã¥ϸϸ룺ֻ̫ۣԽʮ˷ֳĸСӣھָţھʮˣҲܲһȫ뿪
һ죬ϸڣܷƫ붼һ飬նһȽȫļƻ֣¥һȭֻǵͷ֮¥ԸΪç˼Ⱦģ֣ĳмǿԳɹϴˢԩ¥үҾ֮
¥ַ̧Щµȳ˺˵ɣ
Ͼ̹ź¥Լϳ˼ң֣ڲ¶棬ھ̵ݴպס¡
صԷʱĬûᣬ;Ž¥ȥ鷿ˣ
¥ûв飬Ҳ顣
;һüŶ׼ô죿
¥׶ĽƲ˵꣺ΪΣ
;ϸ룬Цһ߳У
¥ͷ֣˵һѺڵķأʱʮ˱ȫھ֣ʱж
̸£¥ݣݽţʵô
ϡ¥⽫һң˰棬
ʲôôң
¥ЦЦΪֻǳƯԸºͣȴûҲ˲á
ü΢ʲô˲õģǡ뵽ˣҲ˵ԼҲа취ġ
²ô򵥰ɣ¥ôЩӣȫһʮ꣬ȫûŵŮӣǼʶҲǲضãʵ˾档
һҧֵĺȻǰĲʲôӣȷʵҲʮ飬ȥٵطʶҲЩģԼʲôﵽæģȻҲҴš
ǲǶϲŲŲ廨٣ɷתģйŴŮȷʵҲǹӡ
¥һüķˣ
ŴһҲ׼Ų˵ˡ
¥ʧЦ廨ҲãʶҲգʲôȥˣֻҪˡ
ò˵¥ټĿˣŸʱЩȴмǼ޸һˣȻӣܲ˳챻߶ŵӡ
ˣˮˡ¥⽫Ųø
ʰ˴¥Ȼһ£⼸֣ڵ²æǵץʱЩһ£㻹ûʲô뷨
æҡҡͷûˡҲ˵ģԼûʲôѾ֣ٶ˵Щȥһ£ǰԼȼǲĴӲˡ
¥ЦЦһĺڷЩͳпȥ򣬿Щɫ˲١ÿսڻٿƶˡ
˵ˣ˵֮òҪӣû˵ԲɡʮˣûȢ׻ǵ
ЩԺҲû֮⣬һ꣺˯ɣ
¥һЦûûεŮˣѲԼﲻ˲ɣ룬һ뵽壬ı˯                        

019

ڶþͷųϢ˵ھָ֣ڣΪֹѲӣ缸죬ҲΪ˷ֹϢײһɡ
¥֣ڱֻٶʼĥƵ£¥кų
ϲʲôӣԴӼûԹʲôˮϾǶ죬̫ˮҲ
룺ֻҪܳԵӦöҪƻӣˮСسҪôûУȻ̫󣬲㡣
¥ͷָ֣պðסأ
ˣˡñµҲ˵ġ
Сط˺ÿһԻټģϵС̯ϰ嶼̲סС๫ֻӰɣ
¥סŲȥûϰɫһӣһԶϣֻȸָô䣬ÿ
üҴ̫˰ɣ˵ж˳׵ʱġ
¥Ѿϵñ΢΢һѾСĵĴȥֻоһأѾֽһҲˣ˵ƽʱѾܺÿòεܽÿװĸƯ
С๫Ǻ۹⣬˱ͰףԿȸ׹ǳĵۼ֡
¥΢΢ףϰ˵һ㶼ûţÿŰɣ˵ѾͳǮǮˡ
Ȼ⣬Ȼѣָһ£΢΢䴽
ȥЩӣȥ𻨣ûʵģɹɵĹϾǻҪ𻨸ģ˵ζ϶ʱģҲԡ
ص̣¥һѣôʲô
¥ֳһЩЩûؼȥԣá
¥ϴɾƤһӺһӹ˵ؽѣҲȥؽѱϾ¥Ӳ⻹ǵһΣ֪ؽô󣬸߹¥ݾһɱȾ̻Ũҵľζһɳʪζϲš
¥ŷСβͣһüʲô
Լ𣿡Ͼû֣Լ˵ܰϵʲô
ʲôģɶԼַˣϽȥһ촽㷢ˡ
ȷʵе㶶ˣͷԼȥˣݣ֣ڶӿǸֺͦϲСЩһֱڿİæչˡ
Ŵӣ۾ţҪ𣿡
֣ҡҡͷ˫һܸ
ű㽫ڴϣЩһֱиҩȺ˺ܶ࣬ȻߣѾߺܿˣҲûˣ߶µģ֣ڸսֿȥСԴԶĥ
֣ҲЩܲס̲ס¥ˣ֪èô˵ģ
˴ġŶüûˡ
ôСèôص֣֣ڽü΢᲻ץһء
ʲôûأųĳ˳һЩ˶û취ֻ۸Сˡ
֣ڵܸͬܣǵǣЩųѡ
óСԵĸι˵ˣദЩ죬Խ֣ڲɱֵܵˣɱݺˣȴҲദĺֵܣѲ⡣
¥ԼһڱһʱΪҪôЩӣҪӴˮãҲɵЩɫףݼèüȥһ죺ůů
ŲĿƽʱԼůԼҲעŲôˣ
û¥˵һ飺䡣
һԵ֣һЩεĿڣҰŻȥɣ
Žӵݸ֣ڣŻֱȥˣżֻأ򴽣סСûסһ룬ɫ࣬ʵôˣ˳
¥ԹԵģֱȺˣǳȥץԱߵӣ֣ʲô
üû˵ʲô
¥һ£ⶼǵ˵ЦЩƣԼЦ
ڱŤʲôû뵽ôһ棬ЦһƤǶЦˣʲô
¥ȻҲ֪϶ûʲôǸղʱĪĲһҪЦЦӣǼ⣬ûʲôҳȥæˡ
ôףŻû뵽ȴЩ̵ģżˣСҲûʲôһ룬ϾҲֻǸʮСӣִѧû֮꣬Ѿܳˡ
ϻظ;ȻûȻȳԣӱ˼ˣ˵غͼǮ󣬶̫ҲӦ̸һ̸
¥⵹ǲˣȲæˣҴʱ̸ȹЩ˵Ϊ֮ˣѾΪڴǼ̳ƵʲôЧˡ
ȴΪ˵Ҫæ֣ڵ£˵ͷ㵽ʱҰɣ
Ѿˣô£ôҲÿҲûʲôӣƽҲûôæ
ܼæҪȸСЩԵģ
һ֣ˣٵȵȰɣ
˱ߺȲ˵ֵһӣܼҹүС㣬үս˻óӶòˣй
±ӣͣ˭ѽؼʱʲôͣ
ܼҡͷūͲ֪ˣȻүԽˣӦòͨˡ
ȥ֪ͨɣӵӦòˡرǮݵģҲû˴Ĺ;ġ
ֵӣ;ڻˣȥ;Ǹ֮ģǰһ£īʮӢֻ䣬ӣȣ޲Ŵݵ
Ȼ;Ҳһ֣ʦ
ʦֿʵѼ˶ˣܼŸĹٶףȻֱ𣿣
;˾Ŀæʦ
æʦ
һ̧֣ȻڸϣͲôˡ
˷׷ֻЩ£ģȻѾôһڵԹԵĲ˵ˡ
ɳţ˻ڵĴرƫƧԶڱⷽ׷ؽţٹͣСֻǲ֪ΪλͻȻڿء
ŷʱ;ŵʦģ֮ڣܸʦһ
һ˵գ¥֣ڵ£ѵڻйأΪΪӲŸ⿴أڿ񲢲ӵ˿ɲ⼸жأȻͷһˣ
Ȼ΢˵ͷʺüΣòˣһѣȻѾ˼ƲߣǱپ;ˡ
;һ֣þʦʧ
ڿˣȻʵĸ˵¥⣿


020

˶ʱȥ¥⣬;һ֣λǡ
ڿһۣȻʵ˵ǿ̵ģƺܺúȡ
¥ʦȤȥ
һмӣغúÿ
;Ӷס¹ٿûʱ䣬Ҳ¾ʦˣɣʦˣҲ˵
áڿȥͼӵͷӦˣһ˫۾һֱԼǰ¥ԱߵŮӣ˿ӺһֱͷԶ˵Ҳ죬ѹûһ
һ·Ͷ٣ԹȰȥЪϢˣק¥ȥ;鷿ʦôأΪʲô£
;ͷ۵ڣΪǸ֪Ȼйϵ̫ۣھͣ˭س¡
ʲôʦһ˵ģӺ
;һۣʣΪ֪֮ڸˣѾֹǼôˣжһҪ֤һʧ
ǣ˾ӣ¥ѹ͸Щڻܸоֻ˵ô򵥣Լ֪Լӡ
ȥ˵ģţǸʦÿԷʣ
⻨յģֱʵ㲻ῴ˰ɣ
ҧϵҲ˵ϣǵһοˣͶ㶼ģһ㶼Ǿˡ
˾Ͳ򵥣㻹дͺˣҪߵ̫
Ϊʲôֲ֣ңҪǸ˼ģҲôûġ
ֻǾǲʡʦˣضʮִҲȱĻͳǸ̫򵥣ѹһ·ˡ
ü㻹ῴأ˵ʺʲôģ
룺һЩȽͿݵˡԸǴСųŰƵˣҪԿġ
ţ¥ˣæҲȥˣſɫࣺôˣ
û¡¥ⲻһġ
λʦܳŸղž;Ǻ֪һɣû
¥֪ٳţ֪ҲпԭǰЩ̣ʱ˵оȦףȥ޻أλʦ跨ӪȵģʱֻǽµһĻŶѣͱ׷Ϊһʦ
ŵ˵ͷȷʵǺˣ˵ô˸ߵĵλˣԭ˼
һҹ޻ڶ緹¥ȥ˾̣Ͼ֣ڻסš
˺֣Ѿһȥˣ¥ȻҲ֪λ͵ݣ¥磬Ѹ־ƶһЩ
¥ͷȥƣ¥㽫ţӣ̧ȥһ۾һɫۣѩ㣬ﱧһֻСèЩªķݣҲúһ㡣
ûʣλ¥ˣֻһ£ڱɫ糣߽ʵ
¥ͷˡ
̧ۿҲԼò΢΢˵ͷûйص𱰹ˣǾܴпʲôηµġ
ڱˣˮֻЩ棬Ǻ޲űֵͷֻèȥˡ
Ĺ¥Ѿ̶ѾƣСֻЩˣʦɣ
ǶˣھУûٱƣ˵Ҳϲˣ˸лһ䣬һ΢һڣü˵ͷȷʵӵľƶˣҵǸϲִЩġ
˵ȥ֣¥ҵľȻСسǣȷʵеĺþƣǰھķˮϾʹһֱľƷ
һʼΪ;ڽܣû뵽˱֣΢ҡҡͷһȥôȵ¾Щھơ
¥վԱߣһûһµӣԵʦԶἸ̳ȥԼҲЩˡ
ҡͷǲ˽ӣҪǼ˺þƣǶһ̳ȥ̫ġ
¥ֶסʵûǴĻӪҪ·̡
ڷ¾ƱĻԵ
¥һüǾʦϲ¥Ҿ̳ڹƿɻУ
ȤĿ¥⣺¥үθڴĺܣ֪ж𣿾ƾôһССḷ̌
̧ͷȥֻ۵׶ŵĹâȻҲкҾƵģҪӦȫȻܣһֵĻֻҪʦӦʣ¥ĳ

021

ڴһӣߵʱҲû¥һֱӵĴ𸴣̳ӾƣҪ˻ҪҪһȥҡҡͷҵ壬ɱ·ͷһ
˾̧̣ͷɫ¥岻ô
ͷҲ̫ۡ
ŶһûˣǴûʲôȴζĿһۡ
ʵ֣ھһֱھ̶Ĳô˲ŷȥ¥йڵʲô
Ȼ֣Ҳҡͷôģ˭׼˵˲ٱѣǺܹء
¥šüΪͷ֪ʦû֪ⶫʲôжأôˣΪʲôΨڶ֣ûУ
ôһʣ֣ҲЩ£ѽΪʲôƫƫˣ
¥ܸоԼ©ЩʲôǡþˣǡþǾӵĶʦҪԹʵҪô
˿ڲ裬ǰʼƣӵĶȴҪھֻͣȻΪ˱˶ĿҪܿ˭ҪܿⷽȻ֪ʲôİɣ
֣ƶǶĵ˵ͷ˵ʲô
¥תͷţ˼èצţ뵽ʲô𣿡
ŻȻ̧ͷ䲻֪ôͻȻԼǵ˼ǣֻ֪ʲôˣŻ٣
¥һûǣδǸʦɽˣҪⶫˣ֪ܶʲôҲǸǮµĿܰˡ
֣ڸʹûô࣬ﲻ룬˶ô𣿲ɴ¥⣺¥үǲ˸õ⣿
¥ƳһۣôģǸˣĸɽˣھץǸʦδҵȺˣ׷ڣ
֣ɫһࣺô죿ԴЩ¥Ӵ˺󣬸Ը⶯ˣ˰취Ҳġ
ô죡¥ȥæˡ
ȥ֣ڻһãȻתͷȥţʲôз
һ£žǣԭƻȰǸʦըץסĻ֮˰ɣ
Ŷ֣ڻȻ򣬶һ䣺˲𡣡
΢򴽣Ҳû뵽ɼ¥ľһ˼ܵˡ
¥ƣȻˣ˵ЩӱȽæֲ˵æأ
¥ⷭ˱ֶסü߲źˣ
Ҫȥģɩڡ
¥Ҫ˵תһ룬ֵ˵ͷҲУɣ
¥쿴һۣΪͬأݿһۣ㲻ָʲôìܣ
ҡ¥⳶˳ˣһݡ˵ֲȥˡ
¥Ҳ֪Ǹʲô˼ܴҲʡÿȥڶ߶߶ˡ
Էʱ˳ȥģСڳ˿ڰҪ;̸⣿
¥ͷкβɣ
λʦ˵ûһٸľҲԲⵣ
˻̫ģ¥˿ҲֻһҺ취һˣӼʮˣϲøֿζĶУڵͶǶ٣׬Ǯ׬ĸ࣬Ǹѭ
ǵ˵¥ⲻʺϾ̵ģ룬ﲻʺˣ
λʦӦ𣿸ղ̬ȷڴ̫ż̸ǾӣʲôƵġ
벻ɣͿӰˡ¥²һֱû׼Ҳ˼ˣһˣƶ˵ײ֮ͰϷˡ 
¥С˼Ӻˣ߰ɣȥ
·¥һŷˣһŵ֣Ҫӡ
һ٣ʲô
ھֲҪæȻʲô˶ղҲǲĲݡ 
ͬˣ̧ۿ˽̵°ɣ 
¥˽֣Ϊβͬ⣿ȻϲߣͲûȥˡ֮ǰʹҸ޵ģ̫߰࣬Ҳ˲ϣȻԼͲסǾ˳Ȼɣ
ŵͷҲˣ¥о֮ĽҲɷҪһţ֪˶Ը£Ҳֲ¥ⲻˡ
ȻҲƣҸѰ˼ңƽƽģԶȸǿΪƽޣ檣ڹŴ檶㲻ӣġ    

022

δ鿴ź˼֣Ÿ̧ӣ͹Ḷ̌ŵ˵ͷֱӽݣʲôһ䣺èԶ㡣
æͷӦǣֿ¥⣺үʲô
¥⵭ģʲôˡ
Ȼá
Ϊʵڲ㣬֣ᵽ˲Զһҿջסˣһ俴飬Ūӣϰ¥һֱŵĵģĥҲˡ
һ۾ϳǴȥ¥ң˵Ķү˵˺þõĻߵģƯǵúֻû뵽ھ̣Ҷү
С㡣æһҶү𣿡
ŶĵҲֻΨΨŵŵҲһ˫ֵ־ɰҡͷС˵ҲģôͲô࣬ѹֶϲˡ
أ
æھƽѣھȥС
ˡ̧ߣ¥˵ġ
Ŀݣӷεĺ棬Сʲô˵ӦˮݲŶ԰ɣɵŲŲű
߹ȥ¥ʲô
һ飬æվֱûûʲôүСոˡ
¥һæԼȥˣеܸоЩԾүҲŮ
ֵĲУֲűȥԼӣų̳ӾƻȥûѾͷһ𣿡ڸ¥˵
¥Ȼͷ飬Сһ˰ɣǾ̳ŮҲɱö
Ķ˾Ƹ˾̣·ʣ¥ȵǸѾͷ¥Ҵ˼ˣ
ˡ
ͷûٶʣһֱѶºеǰЩ㣬Ȼ¥ңӦú
һ϶ǹŵģСʰɣ
¥¥˹ϵΣָˣϵôԼ֪ܲ
ҧҧģү̡ȻСϲүȻˣȻ˵ͼüͷšš
ʵɾ֪Ҳ¥аĽ֮ģǲǣ
һףæͨ򵹣ū澳΢ǱүȣзǷ֮룬ֻǡֻǶ岻ãּűӣţūСģ
ƲԼͦһ׵ģ£һԸ𣿡
һϰ£ףȻʣΪʲôȥԸѾ޸¥үţȴΪһûóѵСѾͷС㣬ū澣ū澡
ҪˣҲںٲһˣһ°ͣЦȻŲӣҾͲȻܷβˡ
ͷ鶼ðˣС㣬Ըū澣үҲû취ȢģŲǺͶү֮ˣ
֪˵Ҳſ˵ҲСˣҸ˼ҼˣúùӣҪФЩˡ
æ̧ͷңū澣ū澲ˣֻŷź
ģ¥ǱȻ˵ͨġ룺ɣʱ䣬µļҶ٣Ҳ䣬ʱϲĸһǣΪýΣ
һˣ¥˵ҸЩĹޣʴЩԼ˰ɣ
ڵأôҲ벻ʲôûأ⵽ļǺޣȴʲô¶ûУͶүʲôܣ
С㣬ңҪȥһ£Ͼūڵ¥ҡ黹ܻȥһˣֻҪ˲ͬⷢԼСҲǿ˵ġ
˵ĺܣȻϻȥ˵ãվ͹ɣ
ʧǵĻ˾̣޸ЩƽӹûϢļҶһӲô룬᲻öү
飿ôˣôȥôã¥ɫʵ
촽԰ףүղС˵ҪҼ޸ļҶ
ʲô¥һüΪʲôôͻȻˣ
ίΪС㰮Ľү˵ҪҸүСүҰɣҲˣȥ
ⲻǳǶϹģ˲֪¥֪ܲ𣿿Ȼ£룬϶Ƕܵ˼ˡ¥¥̾˵ôɣ
¥һʼ磺飬֪èСץġ
һѹ֣èҲãҲãһŸ״ųԼظҲŻȶԸԼģҧҧ޲̾Ůʧ    
023

ϻȥʱ۾ˣͨ͹±СȣˣҪңҲ뿪¥ң
һ˶ˣϸһ⺢ӣлú˵ôˣ
պڹźӳպ˵СҪ޸ļҶأ
һ˼üô£
ŵ¥ǰèȴèǶҪģﲻˡ
̾ҪʲôΪһֻèڵ˵èҲûھŵ𣿡
¥µѾͷƢֲǲ֪Ҫȥ˵˵
۾ȻĶ˶ô˵֪˵ʲôǺһǲףҪԼٸŸɣǲǸԼ
϶ԥæ޵ֹèǶ̣С˵ҪҸүСԴײŷҪҼ˵ģ
תͷȥ¥ǲǸѾͷϵ
¥ͷͦģһ𡣡
κģǹϵ᲻СôϲүӦΪʲôᵥԸһصˣ
ȴˣðԼ飬Ūߣû뵽ǸĻģ
ȱޣϰڰ֣ȥ˾͸Ѿͷ˵ˣϴҵжҪտ϶ҵӹǸǶã벻㡣ѾͷҲӦǲˣܲӲġ
æͷлˣ
¥ųˣ˵ʹͷȻͲˣȻ绹ǵñߡܵ˵һȻҪǾͲöѹ򣬿ƫаֻܰ¡
ϲɵԹһۣҲǣӶŮˣ˻Ƕ׵£
ҧŴͷȴίĲУү䲻ȲȵģĻ˵ٶ෨Ҳûð
ѾʼŽˣԹȥǷҸ޸¥⣬ҿ϶ͬ⣬Ծ͵ð޳ȥǸѾͷ˵ʲô
һŸժһ÷һӦøҲŶԡ
һ֣ˣ˵ѾͷۻҪǸĽߣҿ϶ҪȶԸˡ
δػ˵ģ߾ˣź˳⡣ЦЦǴͷҲǺõġ
Ǹ죬ЩദϲɩˣԺҪ۸ңҾһɩѾǸŮˡ
ϵ˵ͷֻʹУԼҲô۸è֣Щȷˡ
˰·ðû˵ˣתͷֻ֪ʲôû⣬΢һͷԼϺһƬôˣ
һæ֣û£С̵ġ
ΪһСˣһ۾Ϳ̵̿ģˣһС㣬ܻܲɣ
ɫһû뵽Ҳôѡ
üλʦģ
ĵ˵ͷҵ鷿һûȥ˵ǳģһ붼ˣǲ˵ҵĳջǿԵģ
ȴ΢¶ģλʦˣͲ֪λʦûи飬ȻⵥĹ︶Ҫܻˡ
Żϴ¥Ŵ;鷿ǵˣȻҪƻЩ
ô˯¥ҲûҲû£ֱһġ
û¡żɫϾʲô鷳ˣ
¥ⲻŵģһûô򵥣Ĳȫ
Ҳ֪һεô£ԭ׼ĻҲ˵ˣ˯컹кö¡
ȻƽʱҲ࣬û»ǿóģղڵԼʰˣϨϴʣʲô˵ɣ
ŵû£˯ɣ
¥֣һң
֪ʱЩִţƵģʦô
һھȻʱˣ¥ЩͳΪζ𡣡
ŵͷȷʵ޿ޣҲѹôŮҲϲϲܱ˵£ЩͷΣչˣ¥ãҾܶ⣬ǿ𣿡
棿˵ģغ¥⻹˼ĵġ
˾ҿ˰죬Ȼ³ֶ࣬ˡ
¥ڰššüɵѾͷѵ֪ϲ           
024

ڶһ磬ЩΪ̰һ㣬ϱͷϴ˸ˡ
¥ѾͲˣЩͬѰȣͷһȻˣСĵչˣѾжûˣЩǣţȥˣҴ򡣡
ųҲǿԼ˵ͷ·¥ȥָ緹ɫࣺһ²ƣ
΢ƲƲ죬Ҳ֪Լûס֪ˡ
¥ȴҩȥḷ̌ƣ԰ȥҲ̫ײˣѹҶƽʱû꣬ⲻúŻ治С
ҲܷԼӣͲãǰûúõҲͼ˺Ļ㻰ҺҲ¥⣬Ǳ̯ܸɻ⻨Ǯģ֪ôأ
ͤЪ˻ͼܹС㣬ˡ
һüɣ
û뵽ȲأڿȷǹϵĺܺãΪʲôѵѾʲôʶ˭˭Сˣ
񣬳ѵ¥˵ˣ
һ飬æС㣬˵˵ûпźˣˣ벻ң¡
ð˵ˣǲаҪ¥ˣҾͲġ
ҧҧС㣬ū澴ûҪǣԺүͬأ
ͬ⣿ЦһʲôأҪǻͬ⣬Լ¶аɣȻˣһʵҲˣãͬ⣬Ȼˣʲô˼֪ˣ˭Ҳס㣡
˿æӦǣҪߣ̧ͷӭײһӣһ£鵭Įᣬÿ˻ۣ˶үǵһμôÿˡ
ⶼûһۣѾ첽˹жãӡܽʦ
ڵͷǴк̧ͷͼͤﻹһλ¥ˣ
ݺܸߣ̫ãʦִƮģǿųŵĵ˵
ȻӻҪҪҲ
ڱֻ·ȴȻ⣬ͷһ˵ӵʯ¥˽ûȥ̣
ŵɫЩף岻ûȥ
ûȴǸ˵ˣ¥һȽҲǸĬԵˣֻһ˵˵ЦЦʱʱͼ䡣
Ҳûţڷųȥûˣ˵ں԰ԶԶȥͼЦе˵ʲôŵͷȲ裬ʦʱʱƮţһü 
СŹôˣ
üôһȥˣ
ɻ󣺡ôһˣŽ첻ûȥպʦ
ӿ۵峺Ĳ񻰣̲סһָͷϣԺҪܴŶɩʦһ𡣡
Ϊʲô
ʣ˿Ůб֪֪ܻһ𣬱˵л
ѹû뵽ȥϾʲôҲŶ˵ģȻΪһ£ңֲ˵˶˵Ҹˡ
ջ֣ɫ˵ʲô
΢죺˵Ҳ£
ԴЩߵ̬ӻǵһμһĻ֪˭ǸʲҲǲ˼
ĪĿźȻ˵ӣôˣҲûʲôѽ
ĬĬճȭҴСųģΪҲ֪ʲô˲ϲ㣬ͷȻԿͷ㣡
죺˵ĺʲô֪ƵģϲͲϲ£ûʲô˵Щҹȥ˰˵ղ߶ܻͤӡ
üͷҲû̧ȥ˹ҪˣҲûκ˼ţЩ
ȴŷȻȥ̾¥Ļϲڵ󣬿ɿڡǳˣŮ˼ɲ£վҲûҲϲϸԼһ𳤴ĸ硣
Ų豭´¶ɣÿ˶в⣬Ūˣ¥⣬Ѿʵˡ
¥ˣںȻ
תͷѯƵĿͻȻִͷȡһƬ꣬Ʈ÷㶣Ѿɫ糣ȥ˵ˡ
ʶо˿죬ȴֲ˵ʲôλʦȻЩѲ⣬롣

025

һ·˳·ߵʯйߣоԼڴּΣүŶԼ˶ԼĶ
ֲ֪Ů˵ãˣҩһҲͰˣȵԼˣ
ԽԽպ߹һҩ̣Ȼ˽ŲԺ˷˵Ļ˶򵥵¡ĻǶүͲ
¿ˮ촽ЩɣǡԶүΪˣض᲻εģʱ˭ҲܲˣһѣҪ޸ˣٴ̧ҩ̡
¥粻ģųԷʱȥŸճԹе㷸ԵɵɵľͿڴ˯ˣﻹɢ˱顣
¥˯ˣŵĸ˱ӣĶͷѾôˣСЩ죬˯رԣǳǳģЩƲۡ
оԼЩħԼϱҲôĵǰɣʱ̵̲ס룬ŮжãôֻԼ˶ܹ˳ӲճԼ£϶Ҳʱ
ôһ룬ﻹЩþûûεСŮˣҪߣ־òܰ׻һˣ˯㣬ȴûס۵Ĵһ¡
̾ͻֹæ˺˼˯ˣһЦް취ȥ
߶һˮղųԹڸ˵˾ɤӲȣְ˸͹ţ
򴽣һν仹ЩСţͼⷿƽʱûʲôǶЩ·飬ǰһ飬̫ģͺÿϸҫ˼֡
תͷˡӹˮҨһ׺ȡ
æʣô
ڵͷͦġ
ģûɤʲô⣬һʱûʲôҪ˵ģ˭ܻ죬ƫƫʱЩ׾ݣֲ̾ߣһ£ϵһ˲ϣܴۣ뿴Уʣ岻ʣ
ڿۣҡͷ֮ǰ͵ģ˲Σͦģϧòϡ
òҲҪô洦һŰɣչȥ˿ⶫͦİɣ
͵Ķ˵ûʲôֵǮڽ¿Ҫ𣿡
룬ⶫȻͦϡģҲûûֵģܲܰҪ˼ҶҪ˵ãһ𲡣Ȼѽ岻ðʲôʲôģ䣬òõŰ
ڵͷõţ˲ζǲ
˿˲Σǣܸ𣿡
ָװ˲εĺӣȻ
һϲæӱھȥãлл
ȵȡڽסĲӡ
Ϊˣתͷգۿڵˣ˵ġ
ûףǶõ£ҡ
ͣǷ޻𣿡飺ȻӴ࣬ĳǶǰռ˵ˣ˸мѪԣʱǲǮǲҪģⶫɲˡ
һ³ĬˣȻ˽磬ӲǷ飬οǵλôߣֲ̫ʶӣֲԣæǮǲյġ
̫ðɣǾЩŤ
ѵҪЩҪڿһۣοҲЩǮҪ治Ҫͷ°ɣ
æĽ˽ôõĶСسǾǮҲ򰡣ǲܺúܶడ
ǣҾʹллӣʲôõϵģܿںˣĺðȻô˺»һ˻޲ҫһأ
ڳ˳ˣȥɣ
ͷæŶͼҴҵȥţѾ˯˺һˣˣɣ˯ʵϵıӣֿ˿ܵϵ飬ʽҸǵıӣ
£ûаҸ
Ŷϲ̵ıŸʲôôô
ӷڴϣ㿴ʲô
Ȼϵõģ˲Σ
æͷǰ˲Σѵһģ˵ֲˣ
ź˿Ķģ
ܵļûãڵ֮ǰҩ̿ģѵãˣʰȻõžùˡ
ȻѵãЩգǲʣⶫǮܽܣҲõģ̫Ļˣٸ¥ˡ
ôʲôֲģ죺Ҷȹңı㶫ʲôģţǮ 

026

¥ϻ㿴ϵ˲ΣһüĶģ
Լ׼ȥԷԵùģ˵ǰòţŶҵĲãҲǮ
¥ЦЦСѾͷͦġǲôģܰϵģҲȻǶģܾ
ƺⶫͦģ˲ãҲ鵤ҩҪ鲹ȻӳԲʹðɣ
ŵ˵ͷôһֻӦҲͦõˣǰܸо⣬˻ҹҽԸ岻ãҲѹֵӣ岻ˣ־òҪģüӣ滳
Էʱӵ£;¥⣬ǷĥѾ¾㱸ֻǷˣϾ¶¸ʲô⣬οĦ˼ⶫһи룬ܾ͹һҲٿ亣ڣֻ˵Ϊ
ȥ¥⣬һԲЩǣʧˣǶвСĴϾĺܺķȥ׼
Թݣȥϴ裬ʱֻһɾİɫ£ʪյģƤͰףһǷƵģ¥ܿΣһֱ֪ǿĳ
ʲô˼ͷͷȥ
СϷŽдõֽŸ
Ļðգʲô¥һû⡣
Žóǲµ˭´˾ܷѡĻͳʵشԷһ⣬ѡðվԷҪһ£ôҲңŵ˿
¥û뵽£Ȥӣð
þƱסӺҡҡܴ󷽵ģȲ¡
¥ûĹⶫҲôᣬҲһ󡣡
ŵͷҾС˵ҲӣÿƱһλεһ㣡
üĽֽѡһţһǴðգ˿˵ɣ
¥Ϸͦ˼ģǵһ˵ʣʲôУ
ŰһۣȻУԼעִ硣
ִʲôǷޣһ²ʧִɣ¥⿿ƽʱСѾͷһģҲռˣ¥˱飬һ𣿡
̧ͷԾıϣĴܺ죬û뵽¥ôֱӣϾǺûôȹϷı⣬ֻʱЩ¡
ְɣס¥⸩սͳҿ
ҲְˣˣԼڵĿԼ£Сۡ
еͨ¥вϵĵ䴽۾ϣ򴽣ӣû׹ˣţǰˣ˳ְķǲųģǡߡ
ţ˰û¥ҪۣȻһȣĴһĶܱģһ§סӯӯһյСռȨ
һº󣬾ͳױˣû뵽һôͷĿѣ£ţȫ磬¥ſ˫ȷЩûվס
¥۾Ц⿴̺죬ˮĽģ̲ס򴽣˸ˬ
ŰβŻһţˣ
¥ѵüôЦȴų磺ţˣ׵ˣô˵С
Ķ˼Ϸת걻ͷ˯ȥˣ¥ƵʰȷΪϷ泩˲١
ڶһѾûˣϢʱ䲻һϻһԷз˭Ծ׼˭ģȥǰʱպóꡣ
ѽšҲˣҶߡ
ӣûȥ̰ɣ
ҡҡͷҪţھ̽ǣȥһôҲϱܱܷͷ
֪ԷĵϸȷʵЩź࣬Щ¥⣬Ӧûµİɣ
ԹȻ¥ˣ¥ʲô֪¥İš
û鿴˯žˣ·ȥ԰÷ȥţ̣үȥʲôȥˣ
ŵĿһۣ֪ıʡ
һҭ˸ۣҪǶү㣬Ųĵġ
÷ãųڵ¥ˣ
ʦԻͷ
ھͼһˣһĽŮӣվ÷£һƵģôӡԺֽʣȻ̲סġ
ɡͤ£æ̰ˣ¥͸𣿡
ŸҪ˵ԼᣬһڵǾ壬պҲģҪģֺþûˣ˵ͷ¡
վţôôЩŹ֣ڿˣλʦƶе˼Ůĺģûʲôÿγŵͷ˼ʱ򣬿ǡģǸĴĿ
Щ𾪣û뵽λʦϲţ˵ֻ̰òΣ֮еʲôϾλʦҲܺÿλʤڶү
ˡҲı¶ǣЩ䣺衣ԾǶ˵ġ
һæӦŲȥȲˣʵѾͷ
ų˳ǡ
*
һȥˣһŶûУųԷûʲôθڣĴߴȥ̽Ϣˣ˯Ҳ˯ˣ֪ôģЩš
šȻҲɫ̫ãЪɣ
ҡҡͷ˫Ų豭¥˵ģԼֲԲ룬Ӧûµģµġ
¥ˣȷʵû򣬲ȥģ;ʲôأ˲֪ôӦԣٸѲС
֣ھְİһն˸ٱڽһլȻϢѾ͸¶˳ȥͿھǸڹȥҹȷϣ֣ڡ
һȥˣûκζֱʱһ˳ھ֣̾һĵĸȥ¥ѹѹñھֲǽߵš
Լ˰ʱйٱܹˣ¥үźˣղǸʦ˸ŵֵܣ˺󣬳ȥˣ
ǰ˳ɾˣΪʱϲ飬ھֵżǲģûбİ취ֻԼҲͲסˡ
;źȥ׷¥Ҳ׼ȥ
¥үǲͷæסǧȥ¾ͺˣضܽ£
¥ȷʵûҲȥˣ˵ͷΪ֪ǻ˵жˣһ㽫ܳĹٱȥ
ֱۣñպҲˣʵ¥֣Σ
¥ү˳¶ˣҾͿƲˡ
ӵͷǾͻȥϢɣɩˡ
ǸСŮˣ¥ɫ߰ɣ̧ŲȻھֵĴ֨ѽˣæһקסӣ̽ͷȥ
һӳĴ˿࣬Χûˣſ첽ȥˣ¥Ȼĳ֮ǰԵĵ㣬ɫһ䣺ãڹһˣ
ʲôûס
һٱˣ֮ǰǸһǳ˵ģǶϵˣһȫ̽䣡¥һҧӣȻȥɣٷһæ׷ȥ
Ķܷı֪ʲô£Ҳ˲̧࣬ȸ˹ȥ
һȾһ죬ҲԱţȥ˹ٸӶûֳŶͷ΢΢ۣĲԽԽ
һֱֹ۰οҲĬԵɱ˲գ۵һȺˣĻûµİɣ
̲סˣЩô£³ûɵҲøŶ𼱣ȥſȥ
̧ۣЩƣ룺Ҳȥ
֪Ҳģͷȥ·ȥãõƻͨȴûۣɳȥˣ;ϣˣʱһüʲô
æʵҡ¥ôˣŵĵĲС
;üģھſڵ˶ˣӦǷʲôȥ׷ˡ
¥ҲȥˣҸأҲṦ򰡣
;Ķ֪ҲҪ¥ģ˭֪ҲȥˣڵʲôҲֻ֪ӵϢ
̧ͷȥţŴһԲĳôҲڸǲסģЩ
;һţֺ˵ҹԽԽ˵ɫҲԽԽÿ
ˣˣȻһۼҴҵܽͷģҵˣ
ͬʱ;æأ
ˡ۽̧ûˣȴպԣǱġ
ˣ;Դһգôģûҵǻ¥أ
ٱ˵ͷͷǼţֵȥѰˣ¥үʧˣھſֻ˱˺Ĺٸ¥үġ
΢ţʱɷף̧ܣ۵ĿϣҲֻʹüһĳۣӶˣ                         

027

ţ侲æס, ԼҲɫס
ǲǱץˣŽץ֣֪, ԼΨһļо¥, ΨһҲ, иʲô⣬Լô죿
¹¥, ;Ҳˣô£
ۿӿӰͰ͵ģ񣬺©һ, ˵Ĺǵܵ˳⣬˶, ͷ²¥үȥ׷һ, ֲߣпܡ
ȥˣ;ɫѿô£
С¥һû, Ǻ, ˵ȥҲŻŵ, 綼ΪҪˣ˭ܲˡ
ȥ, ܣ;ͷöûץû׷, ˣ
ż鼱Ҳ֪ԼȥҲңοĶʶ, ֪ȥˣŻ˸
ţ£ҶôµģοҸӦɫһֱ׵ĺѪɫûȵˡ
ŵͷҲ߶µġһġ
֣ڱҵʱ򣬻ʲô֪һֱڣȴ޶
û𣿡ͷʡ
֣ڿһĲ죺ûѵûץˣ
ͷһأûץˣ¥үӶʧˣҲûǾȥǻڵˣ˵ɽƣ
ʲô֣ɫһ䣬¥ǣ˳£ԸԼ
߰ɣңͷҲûֻôäĿˣȻûϣ
ﱧӣ۾һֱסǱ永ôˣƻʲôأҲðΣȥ¥ôçײˡ
ҲסҪȥ
æסţʲôȥ
֣ȥʧٵĵط
УקǱ̫ˣǣԹԵźòã
ǿԴҶšŲȥͷĲ£¥ʱԼֻԴеĵš
ֲԼҲЩסֻ˼ҶһھǱȥɫѾˣҶŻѣں棬עΧĶ
ˡֱۣǾھ֡ھйٱţѾزûҪʲôˣ;Ѿ˶ھ֣κ˲ó롣
¥ˣôҲˣ֣Źٱͼź
ɫŶһָǳ·𣿡
֣ڵͷǽЩŲ԰׵ɫЩھΣԲסΪ¥үŻΣգƴҲὫ¥үһģ
ûҶӹѣʼ˳Χǽߣ֣ɻĿ¥ʲô
ãȻҡҡͷǵĻˣܰЩ
ȴרעһһģ˳ǽߣ֣ڲ֪Ҫʲô¥үѾ䲻¥ʲôʧಽںš
˺ܳһ·ʲôûУͣ²ӣЩۣţǻȥɣԲġ
ҡҡͷһַǽ¥Դ󵽵ǹƥȺУЪ˿׼ǰߣôһоֲڵǽۣһšüѴսϸȥ
һСļͷӦСȥģŤŤźǴæһȴȷеģҿ̵ģ¥µģ
һæǰϸ£ǽڣ涼ϸϸȻһͷʮ״һ·ڵұǽϷͬļͷ
һϲô˵ղǸżȻ˵ףæ֣ڣǿ
һֱڸʲôԴչôˣ
µźţмдһ˿ͷ£Ǹտ²õģ·ѾⲻܲԼȥ˶ˣʱû취׷ȥѭżǺȥˣ
𣿡æϸ˿Ȼ֪ǲģͷܱûкá
֣Ѿĵһȥ˵ѾʼѰżǺˡ
æۣ죬˶ټòͷ˴ѰǺˣǵãһҪ¥үҸİȫΪûУ
ۿ˼ǺţæȥˣѾЩţ߰ɣڿ԰Ļȥ˰ɣ
ŵͷȷʵҲ߲ˣѾˣֻ¥ܰȻ
Ҳûа˯⣬Ѿ۵ȶ̧Ը밲İﲻæܲչ˲ðţ˻ֲˡ
Ȱ˵º˰룬ּȣһȾǰҹʱڳŲסſ˯˹ȥŲҲҶˣӸš
ܼҡҲۣ֣Ӧÿˣ¥ү˹һ˰ɣиʲô⣬Ѿ¥һ죬øˣһиʲô
¥ǺһģڴţԱſ˯ţһüô£
һڣɤЩƣ¥磬㵣ģһֱ㣬¥æİӳ⣬Ҹһһҹûл
¥˫˫ɫʲô˼ôˣ
ҡͷ֪˻ûҵҲұ֤ʲôֻǡǰи׼Ҳֻˡ
䣬ֻܼԶԶܹС㣬С㣡үˣ
͵ܣȻǰŽţ˺üң¥ϸɸɾŲһ·ˡ
磡ۿˣһӵĻô°֪֪ˣ
ǿЦЦǸ
;ںһҲ˽ǰ¥׽ֻקקӣŶˣһû˯ողųŲס˯һ
¥ɫЩ԰ףԵ˵ͷ߽ã˯òã˯лü¥Ա߻£д˿ҡ
⣬ү¥һӭû°ɣ
¥ҡҡͷץ𣿡æʡ
;ƣ£ȴֻ¥ⲻһûץ𣿣
ץˡǿ˳֣ڴŹٱʱϵ˶ˣֻǴҰһҹˣȻԿڷЪһ;ʦȥġ
˿æ˰֪֪ģҹҪȥʧٵĵط˳ųǵ·˺þãҵµļǺţ֣ڲܴҵģ
ǰţ¥⾪תͷʱ֣Ҳû˵ʲôҽء
ǰڸȲ߶˵һôçײģȻҪȥġ
¥ͷţɫᣬû뵽˽ͨĻ
˯ɣ̫֡һӣҲȥϴϢȥ
¥ԥ£űæʲô
ƵĿס¥ӣ¥Ųһ٣ƿһŵȻЩűһҲתѣۣ¥⿡ŵݣЩСĵ⣿
¥촽ף볯ЦһЦؿڵʹѾֻŲסŵֳؿڣоЩȣͷһɫѾѪ⣬æ΢ˣ
¥Ҳ֧ŲסһһԵȥ                  

028

Χ˱ס, ĽЩзһѽ˽ס, ۿס, ˿ѿ, д򣡡
ţҡҡ׹ţæ, ӵĺȥ
¥촽ѣͷһ㺹, ǰ·ѾѪ͸Ÿ, صĿš
죡ȴܼͣûأ
ҲᷳĿһۣǶȳȥ, һ˻ģ
˶ˣֻڴ֮ǰڴ, Сĵסǽڷ, ǵһֱԼֻҪ
ǲɵӣ˻ʲôǿѵ, Լȴᡣ
¥ţҪۻ, ԴӼ޹ûô޹Ų˲۾, ҲüҪǳŲסҿҪļˣ
ˡƿţţȥŰɣô, ˿ڶȻСš
˶Աӵţ̧ͷӣôܵˣ
һ˿ھΣҲСľ˷ͽҵһ֣ڼʱǿ¶û
û취˵ʲôȥԹ˭ĴϾǳںĲȥģ¥ҲԸһµģһʵ֣أ
ҽݡ̾һ˳˹ٱûˣ˱¥ֻЩֻ¥ְ㵣ģҪŻ·Լˣŵ㡣
ǡ͵ģȴּһ˿ǶõģԼ֪Ҳ˳ŵģһˡ
һӣҩˣæΧȥˣ
һŷӵݸû˵ҪʧѪ࣬мǲҶˣԴ߶ÿǵûҩǷ˾ͰӼҩһΡ
ߴҪȥūչ˶үɣ岻ãְһҹǳԲ
Ż֪ܲ⣿Ƴһۣץҩҩ¾鷳ˡ˵սݽһأһ˶档
˵ûΣҲ˿¥磬ǲõģؾæɣ㣬Ͻȥ˯
ˣһۣķǾͽˣ˯ȥˣ˵ͷҲصĻȥˡ
ͷ˷һۣ½ȥץҩȥˡ
ŽˣСĵԱߣͷûзյļСĵİļ˯˹ȥҲ찾סˣҺ˻Լߡ
һ˯磬æȥԱߵ¥⣬˯ţҲۺˣҲûзգȻ¥ûѧ򣬵һǺܺõġ
ȥԴӼ޹û¹¥壬Ӳ֣ʵŴӺСͿʼպܲġ
ĳʲôʳĶȱ˻𣬰Ϲ࣬ʧѪ࣬ú浱һɰ
ŽʳУ߳ҲǸ˯ѣһûԶĲҳԵģţ
ҲǷ㣬Ҫ˺ܶ࣬һԵɣ
㻹һߣҶôˣ
˯ţûգ״Ӧû㲻˵ƿţǰһĻȴӺݺһ
ͣסˣԽȥһƼŻŵĽ¥ַŽ
ڸʲôüʵ
ū澣ū澽ҩץˣүû
Žʳз£̧ۿϣ㿴һϲɫȴð
һ⻹ˣ˯ռˣһۣûҸ˵ĻϰŮӼҼҵĻе𣿡
鱻ײţҲ֪ô⣬һ£ûˣүûѣһδŵ׽һµģͨ£С㣬ȫū澰ɣūֻϲүѰ
һϲϲֵǮ⻰Ӧø˵ӦʰţǲǷޣ仰˵¥ǰžȻģʲôʸװ飿
ҧŴҪ޲޵ӣķãͲˣʱ䣬ڸһҶұ㶨ǵ£
һףС㣬Ƿ˵ˣ˵
Ҳ˭˵ʲôС㻹ˣǼҷǲͬ⣬ԼҪˣʱһѾô鷳ͷȥ
Ŀһۣ˳ȥʲôû˵ȥ¥⣺⣿
¥ѹһؿڱһʹæסܶС˿ѿ
¥촽ˮ
æ˱ˮԷЩͷһźЩ㲣̧Ҫһץס¥̧ۿ˿⡣
ˮϴϴֽϸϸһ飬Ц¥⿴Ŷ챻֣ôˣ
Ц͵ǸղŽʱ򣬿أ
¥ǳ˳飬֪Ǹʲô飬ֻֽŵֽùĬĬֲһ顣 
ż״Ҳ̲ס䴽˰ɣȳԷ
ʢһȥι¥⣬ʳ¥ⱾҪԼԣžͿ˵ֻЭ
һڼ⣺ۣɩôð
ģ¥˿࣬Բ

ԹˣҪȥӣűС֪ΣΪʲôԼȥ
¥Ҳ֪ԼŻˣסָ֡ʱѾûˣǴˣԺûץˣȡ
ŲǲϾǷ˺ܶѪùģһȻǲģΪʲôҪǿң
¥Ҫ˵ûУȻоֱһæ̧ͷȥŷδδĵ¥ûſ޹һӻ̧־Ҫȥ᣺ţ
һȴǣ˿ڣʱ۵ĵæԼ˲˵𶯡
¥۵ҧҧãޡ
ѹȥ¥ۣȴ̲סЩ̣һֱԼСӶģڲֻ֪ﻹԼġ
ҲˣʵϴҵĴŵ㣬Ժ󲻻ˡ
ҧҧӦңԺ󲻹ʲô£ҪԼڵһλҲһں˶ѣ£ô죿
¥ʱԼһţôԼû뵽ģϾһֱΪ˵ԼЩпޡ
ãӦ㡣¥Լܵеֵô£
Ҳǵһ˵ô飬˵ЩȣɻɣȥѶŻȥ
*
ֱʱ;ڲŴӹٸ;ɫɣӱ֪ӦüĿˣԹȥ´¥⡣
ҲڷԵģȥʱ¥ڱϣһСҩĨֱ֣֦˺ü
ѽôˣ;ĵϾǶ¥ץˣʦиοԼĶӡ
¥⳶˳£ʱͺˡ
;ļ򣺡ȷǸ֮ţʦ춼㣬ⰡʱõʦүҪˣ֪û˼
û¥ɹ;Ŀ࿴ֱӾԼʦүҪˣĿǰʵѡΨ¥⡣
¥£ʦү൱ĻţЩȤģĿǰ岻ãֵֻˣ0.2.2.3ȥʦүһ˿æο¾ơ
˼ȥҡҡͷ벻ˣȥˡ
;Щźðɣ㻹ǿǿǣһʦүߡ
¥˵ͷδʹڵ£Ȼ¹ؾӣǶôصģǸǲ֪ĺá
ߺŽҩĥãҩˡ
¥Ϊ˷㣬ֻ˼£ȻһʱˣȷʵŻû·ģ·ƿ¥ҲܰףҲݣ˺
¥µĿı飬ͺߣӲŵģʵڿɰ
ؿڱţüҩСĵĲ¥ƿһЩ˿ڣһæǸ
¥˿
ȴŵĲУҩɾ˿ڣԼ磬ѪܵģźЩۣر۰ɣ
¥ɴۡ
ԹΣգ˵һЩûˣ
Ҳعѵġ¥⻹ƶ졣
ŵһۣʼ˿ҩòװˣŵĶǺ
Ǵ㰸˾ͻؼҵģ¥ֵܶ¥¥Ҫ߼ǵġ
¥飬¥˵ɲܣҪˣ¥˵£ҡҡͷ˭ҲܲˣؼҸ˵һԼɣ
һȥˣ¥˺õĻͦ죬µ·ˣֻҪЩǣ˿ھͿԣȴû£԰һˣѡ𣿡
ûԺû˯ãļҶû׵ҲһĲǴǳ󣬺οЩԼģ˭ϣ
κҪǱҲһŶûУĲľôԼһӡ
С㡣ģūҲˣҲ֤ٺͶүκιϸСܷŹūһΡ
Ϊһ㣿˼һױһףӦ˵¥⣬Σ
ġ黹ˣ
˵Ͼ¥ҵˣȻҲҪ¥˵ͬģȻź˵ģɱˣ¥⣬Ҳ֣˵£Ѿ׼ˡ
ʲô͵̧ͷ˵үҲͬ⣿
ͷģû취أúѡʵ˼ҼˣԺҲƽӣһ죬㻹ѡãǾˡ
ʧǵĻ˷䣬ſڴϱ㿪ʼʱԼͶ··ߣǶүһֱΪֻҪԼãܿԼģûУţΪʲôǶУΨԼأĲѽ
˰죬ͷһСҩۣǴ.õģһֱԥ˺󣬶үԼڣֲΣһᶼûˣ
ֻҪԼ˶үˣŷ˻᲻ٺһЩԼеĻĨ˰ᣬĹâ
ϵʱ;óķʢЩΪץˣҲһˣһףһ£ڵڶҲҪˣ㵱ǸС
¥ֲܾҲܺȾƣûйȥŽֱߣȥ˴á
ӽ쿪ʼһֱ̫ãŴܲµҪˣﲻɱ˾ûദ죬ҲûʾʲôоһңٻҲȥ˵ʲôأ
˵˵ЦЦģֻһĺȾƣקקһˡ
ô¶ѾˣԿЦһˣ˲ͦõ𣿡
̾ҲԵĲˣкȥ͸͸ѾƣԺͤţͣңҪȥȥ
Ȱ˼Ҫȥʣ
ǲģžƾҡҡλεģҲܣһҪ
ΣڷȥҲãģڷſڣţŷš
űԼȳȥģڣ˼֣һֲʳˣקŲ֡
ôˣֵĿˡ
鼱֮£һѽƹȥţл˵
۾֪ڸʲôСʰɣаУ˵ת˷䡣
ڼɵվˣһ֣¥˵ɣ
ֻε£ǵģȥֿʼ֪˵ʲôֲҽȥץһѾͷȥȥˮ¥˺;ʦͽȥ˳㡭˵ʲô㡣
ѾͷȻЩ£ǵͷȥˮȥˣǡڳſŲˮ顣
˶֪飬Ҳ֪С㲻Ҫ޸ҶҲûʲô˰ʵʲôȥŻŵģ
æңԼȡҲ˵Ǹ¥ģϾ˶
һԼҪȣѾͷһ֣ȥһɣҼҪʦأ
ɫһ䣬æһ⣬ⲻУȥɣ
ѾͷĶܿһСѾͷԸ⣬ֱһѶ˹ԼˮܱȾʦҪɣء˵첽ȥˡ
ȴɵסˣ׷Ҳǣ׷Ҳǣǣҩİ֪ŲڷŸϽ˵ģ£λʦ˿ô죿ϵѪɫɲʱʵĸɸɾ
Ѿ߻֪Žȥ˵˲裬˵ʲô
ʣʦ֪ɼûУ
ҡҡͷδ
Ų֪ôʣֱܲϲϲɣ豭˴˼ڲ裬ʵǣǵŮ𣿡
ڸҪ˵תͷѾ߾ȻûߣѾͷھôһۣһæתȥˡ
Ƶ¥ˣһλ
΢΢죬ѵҲ˼Ÿ˭ȴȻоЩ·ŻƵģ̼˱
֪¥ֻһֻ˰裬ҩȫ˽ȥҩʮֵ㡣
ŸоƽʱҪεĸоЩҪĵȥæַס¥ˣôˣ
ңҡŵʶԽԽģֻôڵȣʵ̧ͷڣֻ屾ܱ׽ܿƵʸס
ڶʱһɫ糺죬Լһ·֪ЩʲôתͷղŵĲ豭
߻Ѿͷʲôûע⵽䣬Ҫݣ˹֪˵ʲôһļ磺ʲôزȥ˯
һѽڵȰأ
Ķ̧ͷһ㿴ڵ˵Ӱӡڴϣһһޣɫһ䣬֪ʦƽʱͲԣѵ˵
˳񿴹ȥҲסˣڸʲô
̧ߣһ߿ţ§ŵӱλεǰ                         


029

һ, ɫ䣬ſڿһ, ˫ͨ, ɵġ
šѵĺһ, ֪Լϲʦġ
ȴǸмʶģһŵ״̬ͲԾ, ȥһסţȻ΢΢Ϣ, ˹̲סһȣ, ¥ͻȥ
æס, ôٶҲèˣôˣ
·ҩ
ʲô۾ɸոҳȥʱ򻹺úõġ
ں˿˭͹ģ
裿ϵĲ豭Ѿ͹ѽ㵣
վſڣЩ֪룺С, ūĲ֪, ûҩ
ȡſ˵ʲô, ܣ̲סȥ˺졣
һѣ, ط
Ŷ֡æ˸Ͻˡ
ڿţֲԾؿ, ·޹ǵСִлڣһתͷʵ˿⸮¥г, ˿أ
Ҳأ˵Ӧ˸ڰɣˣܶ˭кô̲סüڣ֪ģλʦƶЩڲͬȻҩţģΪβƿߺˣ
ԼǱûȵĲأ͸оͷĿ⣬һЦЦģڻɱˣ
ӿɲԼ鷳ҡҡͷҲ֣˭¥˺;ʦأʦһʱϢˡ
Ǳپȥõˡܴ˵ĿûеóѣҪġ
ȥ;ŵſţ˯𣿡
¥ڿ飺ûУɣ
ƿţ¥һתͷͿſѾĲӣ͵Ĵʮʹ࣬һؿһۣôˣ
ڴϣں;ʦȲ裬ͺȻӣҸ˵Ǳҩ
¥ؿŵ֣ǵһμộʶ֪ʲôҩɫˣ˭ģ
֪æͣðȥʾʦ仰ģǲҲѾͽȥģʦûû£ɣѾͷղʹˣſˣҲûҩ
ȣҡܵĲУֿʼֵ˺Լ·Ϊ̣ġ
¥գȵĲ񻰣һץס֣пģŴ⣬ܣҡ
¥ʱһ֪жˣٴϱҪ̲סοôԼ
ѾͷҴˡҲЩ죺磬㣬˲̫ڡ
¥̧ؿڣ΢һ¶Ҫ˺һ£οǡЩգŵ֣ԣһ˾Ͳˡ
Ŵûйİоľ뱧ǰˣ׽Լڵȵը⣬⡣
е¥һ֣ԼҲҩƵģ¥û𣿣
ҡͷѹӣҪҪЩˮһ£
¥ҡͷУˮֻܻ⣬οԲȥˮȰ
æԸȥŪˮһҪȥѾͷ˵ҵǶڴá
¥۾УȻ˭ڰôĵֶΣġ
¥ˮϴֽ֣ŰһżҴҵĸϻС㣬ˣ
һŵ˰ΪѾ˵֢״ѾúҩζҩһӸȡ
ҪȥܼҹС㣬ʦүȥʻأ
͵Ĳ裿¥ղûעˣȥݣţһȥ
ίίվһߵţܼһȥͨҩϴɾţȴ˵ˣ¥ҶŸιȥһڲˣ˯˹ȥ
˯ˣ¥˿ǺñӣҸѾͷȥá
Ѿ߶ֻǲܶңؿ۵Щһţץ˱㲻
ȥ˴ã˶ڵţ¥⿴ڣɫȻ𣺡¥û˰ɣ
¥ͷҩ˯ˡ
;ԼϷѿ£ǣ˾ʦҲҲס˵ȥģҲȷʵǲҩô£
ͨ£ūԩ͵˸ǲˮǴùģ֪ҩ
ʲô֣¥һ˵
ҭҭģСū澿ȥͲ裬ūߵ⣬Ųװˮʡ£ùȥġ
ˣҪ޸Ҷһǻģ뱨ţ԰ҲһˣܼңҰҷҪú
¥ȴšüʱ˵ʲôûУ
룺ң˵ԼҪȣūһʱżŴġ
ӣô˵Ǵɺϣҩٺ¥µġ
죬㵵ǣǲòҪȵİɣϲ¥Ƕ֪£пġ
һüôһӦøʦûϵˣǾƵĹǽˣ¥췹ò𣬽ȴѾͷˡ
̫Ҫ˰ɣֱ𾪣һңȻҩжûģ
¥ҧҧ֪ЩСĻҲû뵽ᵨزοİųֿͷξˣҲӲ
үѾͷˡûùܼһûˣĶˡ
ʲôæʵʲôʱ£
ܼҵūȥŷŰʱǰҪ¥ү£ȥ˾û
ҡҡͷ֪εǣʦأܵˣ¥Ҳһˡ
ңһץס
;ͷʦ㿴
ڱҲûôܵӰ죬ο֪˲ǳģҲΪһСѾͷ£ãǾͽˣȻȥϢˡ
;ҲǼҲ˯ȥɣˣ˵
ĶţǱˣ֮ǰҸùأҪǸץˣǰȥ
ӿһۣȱ˵ô£¥˺;ʦ˵濴ţ
밢űۻΪԼҲЩھΣҾʼ仰ģû뵽¡
ʲôšü׷ʡ
¥ĲţҲ죬طȥˣųҩ˯Ҳ˵ҩȫҩЧֻ򶨺ͰôЩֻ˯ţȻҩЧûˡ
¥ЩѵĽѵϨ˵ԣգѾûôˣղŽҪԼЩޱʹԼƫƫʱˡ
ǰҹѵģԴʮܣһߵ˾˹ţ
ɤЩƣҿʡ
¥Ұ㵹ˮ
ŻǵأԼˮźЩôͷΣҲû
¥⿿㲻ǵˣ
ϸ룬ͣںʦȲʱ򣺡ңҪ˵Ļû˵꣬ôˣôģ
¥֣ű㿿ȥס֣㱻ҩ
ҩȫûӡ󣺡ʲôҩ˭µģ
顣¥ⲻģҪµģѾͷȥ˸ǣ˵ʲôҩ
žĿᡭǣ
¥ͷžþûعûҲ֪ǶҩЧʦҩЧǡ
Щʧ꣬¥ͷ᣺ģʲô¶ûҡҲΪû㣬㿪ҩڻﲻ
ŹܲԼôˣأ¥ⲻɣȻĵֶΣԼС
ˡ¥̾Լ־µˣ¥Ҵ˺ü꣬ȴ䵽زҲЩӡ
ЩҺûɴ˱˰ɣԺû߲ͣʡܷۡ
һҹ޻ڶоöˣΪھҪˣ¥ҲȥͣڼŻֳָǸ䵭ӣ̬
ʦ۾ģ㻹𣿡
ڻع񣺡ܰɣ
ûκŸ죬һ˫벻˼ңЩǨŭ
¥үڽһŸӡٿľ̴࣬Ҳùʮֵ̳һΣʱʾͿɡ
¥ӹһڵ˼ǣͶ٣ӱܳԵ¶٣лʦŵ˵о¼ңѾȫκٺˡ
ڽ˽죺¥үģοٵȷϲ¥Ҿ̵ľơ
ڣ¥ȥ֣ڣ˵ıԼأѾˣ˵µأ
֣ڲδסҽݣ˵ڶͻؼˣ;տСĵķ¥⣬ǰСԺ֣ڵļң̲ԶҲѹϲȥ¥ơ
¥ү¥ˡŵļҶ
¥ү¥ˣ֣
š¥ⰴסɫöˣôˣ
֣һЦƤģ˸Ǽҳ㷹û£¥үôôµˣС˿ڡ
ŽĲƷϣ˵ðûл㡣
֣æҡͷ¥ﻰ¥үڰϴԩֲΪ˴ҪллǷ޲ǣȻűɱֵܵҲ
¥ЦЦ˵㲻ھˣ
֣˿ҡͷˣ궫ߵҲЩˣγ£ھҲûҵģȥҲû˼ϲ˵ദôֵҲԼЩĺ
ʲô㣿
֣ЩãȻ֪һһɣ
¥£Լ⣺֪û£
֣ɻĿʲô
ھ̰æ¥⻺ӵ̸ˣ̵־͸ˣοʱҪ;ƣҲûṦˣȥֺãŵùֻίˡ
֣ڱͲ֪ԼøЩʲôһֲȥԺ¥ˣֶԼжæûʲôίܸ¥ү£
¥ЦЦǾ˵ˣúˡ
֣ڼ¥ҪȥһˣЩƷ˺ܶˣȥŵҲЩûˡ
¥һæ˱Ҳ˺Щˣæʵûˣ
¥ͷ£Щˡ
¥ڰ֣һôʲôʵ߰㣬˾
¥ӦȥˣŲԼȥСĵķ˵ؽѣҪȹ𻨾ʱ̣ҿһ̳ţѾ˾ƵҨһ㳢
ôҲЩڴ
¥ȾЦ⣺ˣûôң͵ģʺŮ˺;ĺȡ
Ҳ˿˵˸ӣ¥һαܳɹʵҲˡ
ҿʱ򣬱üͷСӴƣֻҪһţ֪ţ̳̾ˡ
մһ㣬ȷʵЩᣬȫȹĹͬûϵǹ𻨵⣬ҪȵȵȣʱʵĹԡ
Ҳֻˣ¥ͷҲûʲô̫ʧģȥڹ̨˳ĿŽȥӡ
üûȻǵһӳС
ЦŴӱСèĿ죬ձһȦԴԲԲģɰĲС
Ǳ߲ȥˣ¥֪£ʣأ
֣¥䣺˶Ҳˡ
¥ɻĿʲô˼
¥߷˱ߵҩȴźˣɴҹˡ
ʲô¥𾪵£ҩѾͷôӣ
¼Ҳ˰ɣ¥ε¶ĿҲá
¥ʵڲ룬ƽʱ£ԼֲǸ˵ģβҡͷʲôͿ°
磬ʰ˶Ҳ߶˺ܾˣһֱȥŵ֣Ҫˡ
۾ţ̾Ҫľȥңÿ춼ڡ

ſһԵӣǳˣ
һ˭֪ʲô񾭣ʼͲңһأ
Ϊ˿ޣܸ˲Ź֣ҡҡͷϾǵ£Ҳͱƣ¥ҡ
սԺӾϵĴɤѣǻҪҪˣױһٸˣƾʲôҪǮ
ŶסŲüֵֻʵڲаŮ˻ȥҲ׼ңҶԸҪ˵ʲôţȢ飬ҶûУʡİ
Ц䲻֪ȼʲôϻ飬ᣬ̧߽ǰȢˣҸģ                         

030

˿ûǻ
¥һţ, ˭뵽Ѿͷô󣬾Ȼҩ, 㺦˵, Լҹˡ
Ϲһ£ʲô
Ҫˡ¥£Ժ¥ұûˡ
һ, Ҫ˵Աߵ¥Ѿһѣˡ
¥⿴, ʵȼôˣ
˵һ˵ﲡȥ, ˵СڶЩû, ˵ǿҪǮ, óǮⲻǳ𣿡
¥ǵ˵Ҳϲ, ǲһЩܵ, ֪ŵ˼, תͷ
ȻûȥңӦǲôءŵģǮ, Ƹ㹻ʡԼһĻͷҲĺܡ
⻰ȷʵû¥⵱, Ϊ޹¥ƸǲٵģοǸرŵ, ô꣬ǣΪԼһֱҩЩ׾ݣΪ˸Т˳Լķ
ô˵Щѵõûڿͺá
ˣԷɣ¥⣬ʲô
¥˿ˮ˼ӣ˳̸׮⣬ôˣ
¥ԱߵĹȣŻһ£̸ʲô⣿ǲֵæˣ
¥ͷе㣬Դˣƣжٶա
¥죺ļҾ¥ôθڣ
Ǿ¥Ǳפ
¥ƮƮһ䣬ȴɫ¥ֱѲǸʦ̸ˣ
¥˼ҳԲ£ǹס
ѽɲ˰¥Ҳ¶ϲɫôңγѹ
ϴҲˣһʱʲô˵ĶԺ󣺡ѽҶӾܸɣӵⶼ̸ǾҪѽ
ŷ˽ڹһɫȥϾͶ¥ʧˣԼɷʲôҲûйоصģ̸ôһ⣬ǲܽ̽ˣ
ֻûעɫ϶û飬һЦеĳ˶ٷ
Թֵ¥ϴ˵˵鵽ȥĶˣʲô£
¥ĿɲС£ǣʦǿҪֵҲˣȻһġ
ôأƽʱϲԼҩǾ̫ˣҲǲ̵ģɱϾô꾡źԼ̾˿ܾ˰ɣϣԺܺúҸ˼Ұɣ
ǷͿ¥ҲػϹڲҪһֱϣôִҪⲻɣ
ϵһۣһΪ˶Ӻã˭֪ôͿҲˣԺˣСڰôôɣҲˡ
¥ȣͶˣСڵǻǱͣ˼ҹͦõľˣôԼġ
֪ˡҲˣû飬һ˼ҵĹﱾͲ಻޹οСˡ 
ǻط¥ЩΪҲˣû¥߼˵£ȻҪе߶ˣǿôãЩۡ
óҩ쿴ѿûУ
¥⽫ˣԼҩ˿ûѿֻСֵĴУЩ޶뵽Ľ̬ͷԼҩʲôʱܺá
˯ʱֱ˴ӣ֮ǰϰ˯ˣ˯ʱ᲻ԾȥѣԽ˷ֿ˯
¥ر𲻸ˣô֮ǰܱ˶ˣɫʧЦѣסȵĴ֣벻Ͽˣ
ǵȻģ¥Ҳ˵ʲôˣסģĲȥ
ҡͷܻģźʵұ㵱ûǸˡ
ԭųǣοͶû֮飬Ƶֻᱻȡô˵Լ˲Ҫģڣ¥Ѿ϶ҴúùһӵˣȻҪΪǵġ
¥һ֮⣬ԺֻһˣһƬ˯ɡ 
*
ڶȥ̻ûһˣһžƲ챧ԹţҸë
һ㶣ĸ磿
ӣģ쳳˼ܿʼͲңϳԷʱҸ˵˵ʲô
򴽣˵ʲô                         

031

ĹĵģҸսһ, Ȼ˵Ҳ磡˵ʲô裿
ü΢, ⻰ɲʲô, Ǳ, ˵ȷûκѪԵϵǴС֪, ˵÷ҲеģӴǺֻԼˡ
Ų֪ô˵, ˵㴰ֽҲֲԼͱƣֻܵ, ƽͺúø̸һ̸
Ǿ, ܳҲһ£ӴС赽ģԺҲ, Ҳһ, Ҳûʲôżҹ߰¡
Ҫһ㶼ûǷĸ, ҲĺãȻȥ˭á
ʲô̸ģͷϣԼԵ޹ʵĳҷƢ, ҲŲ롭Ҳ첻˵
䴽˵, ͦͨģͬǸ磬Ҳû¥ǰȡֹ, ӣȷʵôãһԩƵģûͣ
һ䣺ҲûʳʲôǾʦ𣿡
Ⱦһ˿ֲɵӣûʳҪϲңҲʲô˵ߵġ
ûͷԣŵͷǳô£Ҳط黹¸á
̾˿û˵ԸⷽͱȽϳٶۣһֱûûεģòݣûȱĽˣûйָоòһȴԼûˣҲ
ⶫҲǰĪŸ˻ģȥ¥⣬˿һʱˣŰȥЪ
¥ͷҲû̧ЩܵЩ࣬Ϣ
ŴչȥҰ㣬ȥЪš
¥һü㻹ˣֶû꣬οôϸĶ
ЩҶʶģҲǻģٶһ顣֣㲻ˣȥɻ
¥ֲο˿ȷʵۣãģҲЩЪɣ
ݣŲڹ̨ǰΪһѧҪ㲻һͷײˡ
ʵЩ˱ǰѸĶɱۣȥĶӼӼ󿴿ʲôģΪ¥ⲹǵĻģʵͦ㣬㶼ס
Ҳһӣ¥ûЩͶˣ˱䣬ȻŶŪϵء
ٿһɣʵˣûʲô¥ⲻĵϸٹһҲġ
ˣô죿¥ЩĽӹ˱ҳȻһʵ˵Ҳ㲻ôġ
ŽӱԺæƣʡֲأˣ˻ǿԵģҲʡû˵ʲôɲˡ
¥ⲻòĿ࿴ˣǺⷽ츳ˣֶûȫ˾ô컹׼˷ûˡ
˵û⣬ȻܣҾ͵ͬˣҲģҪǲģÿϹһ顣
¥һҲǣȱˣЩҲã˵ͷǾˡ
ûڣƺҲˣͣ˲٣Ϊ˺û鶼üûŵĲڣűҲͦڵġ
˲ҲõˣҪ˵öǺöôõҩЧ죬ʲô۵Ĳˡ
Ź˰£¥˺ˣ֣ڵҲõĲˣһ£ֵܶʱ˲٣ƱҪʱ䣬ŵȰ̳ˣҲÿˣҲãů˺ͻ
Щûˣź˱ЩطûʲôѣӻãദͦĵģҲ֪ˡ
˼ߵʱ򣬺Ȼӽųſڿȥһ£ŵòٻ
û뵽һ£ôˣ
ٻɫôãҲǲ̣ܼˣôˣﲡҲȥģȻǼ޳ȥŮóȥˮˣ
Ųƽ͵ģôˣû𣿡
ٻۣûȫ㣬ǲĽˣ
Ÿ˱ϣ¥¶ЩҲûʲôʱȥοչˣҲҲʲô
ٻʲô˼㲻Ů㲻ڸǰźͰˣȥһ۶ûеģ֪ǲТ
ТźȻЦϡһȥһ˵ҲТǲТɣȴҲȼʮôġ
ٻ˿ʲô⣬ֻΪŰǣԼ˺Ӿңòףͷôģ
Ҫ˵˽ƣҨ˾ǮҲھﳳʱһȥġ
ʲôʱ䣿һ˼жæ
ôˣ¥ӵؽͼٻһõĶš
ٻһŻ˵÷ĸСڲӦûȥ̽һ𣿡
¥ҲʣôЩ˻û𣿡
ûСٻ޳ȥŮһ㶼ǣûĸؾͲˡ
¥⿴ţôģ
һָ棺ŴһģҪȥˡ
¥ͷҼҵؼҵʱҴҪãǸһȥ
Ҳû˵ʲôҵˣȥʣҲ룬ѵǲ
¥ȥ¥˵պҲôæˣ֣ȫæĹʱ¥ȥʱ˳·ǾС
Ｘ˶Ҫһȥʱ̽еٻ˱Ҳ˳ȥϻĸŮˡ
ѽ𣿡һ˲ôòˣ˵ˮˡ
һҲͷǣҲ˲ˣѲǲˣ
Ŷûʲôӡ󣬲òĻӦǺöˣ¥һֱڳҩĻ
Ů˿Ա߻ŵ¥⣺Сڻͦ ģﶼ᲻øҩ
Ӿô㣬˭˭ҵ֪ܲŴС岻ãȼҲһֱ֪
ٻ⻰ɫˣô˵أǼûǮҩԼɲˣʲôæﲻϻһֱ׳԰׺ȵģѾˡ
ѽҲǡǸڨЦһ˵ˡ
¥ȴЩãüţ
ٻǰڿѵϰˣ˳˵˳¥ڣʱЩڵ죺ûУ˵Ҳʵ
¥뵽ǰȼҵˣҲѹȼûʲô飬ȻɫȻֻˣ֣ĸ쾭壬Ժ¥ˣ¥û£Ҳݲñ˶˵ģ

032

ٻŵĴ, ʵ¥⻹ҪСһ꣬¥һֱ, ͻȻô, һ, ЩҲסԼãһ˵һ𣿡
ܡ¥ۣ, Žһ㣬㲻ϧ, Ҳǲ㡣
ٻ죬仹, ָôЦ, ĻǼұ͹ѹˣ;ֻûѰ˼ңҲ¥һָϡ
Ļѹѹ, Ŵ켷һ䣺÷˵, Ժһע⡣
ſͣ, ˳¥, ˵ģսԺӣٻ㺰, ú÷ˡ
תͷһۣŽȥպȾ˳, ǻˣ
ſһۣˣһˮ۵ķɫۣĺܣҲ䣬ϻĨŷۣ֬޵ģԵ˼Ƥ˼֡ĳ졣
¥ȴֻǵӦ£ĸأ
Ⱦҧҧš
˽ݣֻϣźıӣۣ߹ȥ
ϻۣţСţˣ
ŵͷڴ£ʲôôôãûп򣿡
ס֣˵ʲôͳɼҪԴϢۣԺܻһֱҩ
žЩ֣ȼûҲÿֵأЩȷʵۣȴֻڼ߻Щȥôʱȴ۵ˣ
𣿡ŵǲǴĴǿҽʶһһܿġ
ϰһĴôԶ϶󣬲òá
֮ǰȥ¥Ҳ˵ҪҳǮ𣿼ȻҪǮȻõĴźõĿ졣ģǮǳ
ǳ˳飺㿴ôæרΪ²ˡ
ٻҲһԵǣʱȥͺˣֻǡʵ׾ݣģˡ
ų˳˵ҪǮβȴֻҪǮѲǵǲֻûҪǮġ
Ҽǵ¥׵ʱӣܹһһöˣڳҩҲûãӶ˰ɣʵ
ü֪ô£ϴλŵʱҲǣ͸оԼŮ̫һˣǰԼ˵ʲôʲôĺܣôòúŪˡ
û꣬ɿҪǮһ˻ҪԴǲģҲûˣҲûָϵġ˵̾˿ҪǲܣҲǿϾѾ޳ȥˡ
ź˿һ뼤أϾҪôֲˣʱ治ᴫʲôǲô⣬Ҳܲ¥档
ȻĸѣȻǲῴŵġ¥˫ַŵļ磺պþæ꣬ǻʱҩǶ
÷򡣡ٻȻģǾͺˣǳǮǳϾҺ;أźʲôĽǾͺˡ
Ǵ㲻Ը⣬ҲĪ¥ⲻף˵ΪŮŮҲЩãʱô˵ܷġ
ٻϣȥǮʵǰʱȷʵ˲ʮµҩɰۻˣҲû
˴ضܿóʲô󲡣ʱ򿪼ҩˣҲ˶ǮԼ䲻ʲôɻ˵˴ҪǼҪǮԾͿɡ
ҧҧҲãǾͰ˵İɣ
ŵ˵ͷģǾɲʲôԩͷǵóˣ֪Ժûûˣ¥ҲǼҾһЩȴҲôڡ
ŵٻȥȥ
æˣЪŰɣɫҲˣ¥ӦҲˣʱǵġ
ϵͷҲûǳԷ¥ųӣ¥Ⱦǳˣæˮ˹ˮȲ衣
¥һͷлл
Ⱦæҡҡͷ΢΢죬ٴμˣǾ¥ÿȻ֪ѾǶˣǿƲסӽһЩ࿴ҲǺõġ
¥ǽòмӣȴû׽һ䶼ûеģȾһӣҲ֪˵ʲô
ҲûʲôҳȤתͷ¥⣺û°ɣʵ˿ڡ
¥ţűͣ綼õĲˣôа
ÿҩȻ֪˿ѾסˣɱϾʱ˵ôأЩģ㲻˵Ҫǿ
¥ﴽ־ͷĿڴô˵ЩۣҪҿһ£
Űһۣ΢΢ۣ
˺¥㻹水
ų֣û¡
˵ĴΣһԵٻս֣˭뵽ʱ˭Ը޵ˣȻôãŵĳ谮ﶼóﶼˣҪܵȥһΣ˵ʲôҲƵôõķ
˵ҲûãԺжӴȥȻ¥ҵ¥û³¥Զˣɩȥˡ
Ⱦ¥Զ۾һ֪¥ֵܣλؾˣû¥ôÿȴҲиƣοǶˣԴһȥºͣũĲںӼֱ֮
㣬λǡǻûߣȾæӭȥλӦ¥˰ɣȾ
¥ԶһۣЦɩѽ
ȾæͷǣɣͷһҪҪ˷ߣ
ˡ¥Զﻹڵţ´лɣ
ȾĶϾôˣ¥ԼͷͿˣͬ¥ҵֵܣ϶ҲĶȥ޽¥ҵţڹĶɲ뵽ʱ޳ȥøŷܿࡣ
㣡ȾæǶþòˣңһ
ü֪ʲôû˵ֱ¥Զ¥磬ȥҶסЩ𣿡
ȾмСģ֪Ÿϵһ㣬˳ǲӦֱ¥Զ϶ǲܺ˼ڽؾġ
¥Զ£֪ʲôԼ˼ҶˣǶɩãҲܲܿھͲԥĵ˵ͷܰ
Ⱦ̾ϲЦտ˵Ļᣬȥߵǵȵңʰ·
¥ҲЩ£⻰Ѿ˵˿ڣܲջ
ȾʰϽסʲôȥ
ȾŰܹȥĵܵܿɿˣϲȥס졣
һûţ˵ʵҪǼ޽¥ȷʵѾǸˣȾֲôףʱ϶ǵҵģͷãȥɣǵڿ춮µ㣬֪𣿡
Ⱦͷϲ̵ıŰȥˣ߰ɣ
ſһۣǲ˵Ҫչ˲ֻдһˣæù𣿡
ٻܿȾ˼ȻҪŵģû£ҲЩӦȥɣ
߰ɣһҪˡʱ¥Ҳߴٵ
һȾѾˡ

033

һ¥ϳ, ¥һߣȾ¥Զһ, , ҧŴ, ʱʱĿһԱߵ¥Զ¥Զֻź͸ɩɩ˵, ˿ûв
ҺѾͦˣȾ¥, Ŀ˿Ժӷö, , ԼСķӺöˡ
¥תͷһָۣǰķ䣺סɣźöȥԷ
ȾͷԼİȥŶȥ, ȥǰʱ, Ѿ, ¥Ѿ˵ˣϿ˿ŵðɣɣ
һֱȼûʲôø, Сס죬Ҳ˦ʲôӡ
ȾԱߣϵĲ, ضУž, Լƽʱˣȶң˱ˡ
¥Ҳöˣˣӣȥæˣʱˡ
¥ͺúţھθٴҲûô౾ȥô࣬͵žȥͻС
̳¥̾ȷʵ̫ˣòһضһ·˷ҲҪ١ȷʵ¥˵ûǮˡ
׬Ǯ£ŵȻҲϣģ룬Ŵйоʵڣûִⳡô໨ֻҪͶȡɣȱģЩöҲһá
ԼҲУʦû˵˺ϻֻҪǼҵľƷӡ
¥۾һţô˵
ſӶ˶٣ұǮ¥ҳƷʱ͹ȥ׬󣬷ֳɾˡ
˻һ˷׷˼󾹷֣ĿУǲóǮȴԳƷͶǮһȥģҲ׬⡣
¥һ֣͵Ŀţû뵽СŶҲôͨ˰뱲Щˡ
ЦЦҲֻżȻ뵽ΪһҲǺõġ
¥Ӿϱ治ˣϻ˿ɲңҪԸͶǮŵùġ
Ҳʵ𣿡¥һ䣺ֻ֪Ǻ;ʦ̸⣬ǰˣҵײͶǮʱǮҲȤġ
¥ҲŵͷãˮңҺˣȻҲġ
¥Щ˷ܣˣӶˣԺԷİɾ̽ˡ
ǡǸظĸˣ۲ҲϣĺӺã֪ô鲻ˣûô˳ˣͶЪЪȺúţ϶һҶţҲûʲôĵġ
ڹһι¥üͷȴԽԽԽԽͷŶĵĶŸĹˣôȥôܻύ
οھֽӵ˴⣬Ǿô¥⣬¥ֻøСͷֺ죬ôôģŤͷ¥ûûεɵأ
Ⱦһ߳һţҲڲסеĲ죬֮ǰͽ˵ˣûʲôоȷʵеĸоһˣǰڼÿ첡ģ˶ûȴֳִ죬˵ͷͷǵ
Ťͷ¥⣬ţеЦڶڲסöıˡ
ԹŻǰһȾЩĶҲûߣŵһ߾ͺãⱻϴġ
Ⱦ˿ʵ㣬ôǰôһˣǰûôȾûô˼һǸжɣʲôʲô֣־˳
ü֣˲顣
㶼ˣȾһľȣǿ˶οŮ޻ֵģǸ֮١
˯ɣҲ˵ϸ˵ȷʵˣȴⷽ档
ط¥⻹ž̵£˱ϼǣŴչȥٿɣ
¥ץ󣬳ϵһ˹ƫеϣһһʲô
¥§Σ
ôϣЩ죬Ļȥ˱¥ǸΪϸˣô̶̵ʱ䣬Ѿɱͷֺ˸
ûʲô⡣ŤҪȷſҡ
¥ȴ˽ֱۣЦĿû뵽˲һ
շۺ죺Ķʲô⣬һ˵ˡ
¥Դ̽ģŶ˵һξͰˣΣһ˵ΪЩˡ
ſ˿ǾǰɣദԽãʵûٿʲôˣִһЩܰϵġ
ڻ¥Ҳû˼ʲôˣһֱйɵҩζϲҩζȴϸš
ôõദһһĽӽҲܸоŶת䣬̰ĵ˿ʼôߣͷľѣš
ŸоϢȵģһ飺⣬㣬𿪡еš
ģԼ֣¥ͷ̲סͷȥĴ
һʱͲᶯˣҲûƿ¥ԶĬˣһո첲ĸûһǵֱ˶ͣ
ѾˮĻ˵պ죬۾ˮʢ˺ģ˵ĺܡ
š¥ɤӣ˺ˡ
šʶӦһźȻ̧ͷ
µӺǿɰ¥һѱ˵ȥ¥±ǲеģԲûġ
ŽĲӣҲ֪ҪʲôЩ⣿
¥ͷĶͷ¡
ҲٽľܾǱǷˣܷϣ¥ôʱ䣬һֱδǿʲôϲ˵ģʵúùӣôҲûʲôӱܵġ
¥ʮˣȴҲĵһΣЩ׾ЩģԼŵ
ùŵƣֻܱ۸о˲ܸ߳Уо˵ֺʹڵҧűݲ
š¥Ȼ󣺡Щ
ֻоһۣȥţ㣬ȥۡ
ⶼʼôܳȥ¥ֻܰĴǣԣܿͲˡ
űЩ˲٣֪Ů˵һ⣬ֽĿııʵȻѾˡ
ֻ˻㣬ˡ
¥һ֣Ĵٲ˼ʲôͷһΣܲס¥ûҶڣ±Ѿǰû˵ģˮ¥󣬷Ѿ˯ˡ
˯գɫûȥһʢĻһŮˣĶˣĽ§ڻҲ˯˹ȥ                         

034

ڶʱ, Ѿûˣо, ϻЩ, ϾӾͲ, ôһڣû㲻ˡ
Щ, Ϻ, ԼǸܷյˣǳ, ¥ͷ·һһ, Ҳ߽ģ֪, ѾһôҪˡ
˼, ֨ѽ, һţæװ˯, ¥緹ϼ˯ǲ۵, ߹ȥһͼĽëģЦһ, ͷཱུ촽һڡ
űһʱ۾ֱĿ
ôϵˣ¥۴Ц⡣
ŷ־ƤҲˣⶼʲôʱˣûȥӣ
¥˵ͷ첻Ҫ￴岻ʣôԼȥˣ֣ڡ
ŵ˵ͷϵ緹ЩûţҧҧȳȥҴ·һֱд˯ģ̫ˣûл
¥һüҿ
ϾǵһΣȻƤȥ
дŽ¥һƺһЩȻǺ£ٶ̧䡣
⿴һۣŸϽ·۵ģԹ鵽ˣ
ҪϴٳԵģ¥ֱק֣Ҫˣθܲˣʰ
ű࣬ʵȾأ
극˰ɡ¥ʰ˱ӣǲڼЪŰɣȥҴ򡣡
ҡҡͷȻЩҲڲ·οϾȥȼңȥҲãܶ¥ⲻ˵
Թϴ꣬Ϊˣ¥⻨ǮڴȾҪȥ˵Ҳϣʵųȥ棬ҲǺٳţ˭ʶš
¥棬ȾʵǴĽܼһĺˣôһ룬¥ԶҲнӣǼ޸ضҲ¥ٵġ
ȼҽȷ¥ȥȾıܽȥ㣬һˡ
ٻһۣϲ¥ˣ
Ⱦ룺ǾͦõģϲϲģʲôϵȾͻССͱ˵ҪҸ˼ˣʲôǺˣĺãԸãǮĲǺ
ٻҲ߽ˣտڲˣ÷أ
ȥˡ£û
Ⱦ˵ϼ仰оҲԼܽһţСҡ
۾ٻСأ
Ⱦָָ棺һôѽȻȷʵ˼죬ڶõĲˣǴһȻ¶ڵġ
üģ㣬Ҵææ˵һ䣬ô°ף
ȾСȥԷʱ˵Ǹӵһ׮أ¥Ҫһ˵Ҫܼ޸ĵܵܣԺ󻹳ʲôѽ
ģæʣ¥ϲϲ㰡
ȾҡͷҲ֪춼û˵仰һȥѧ˵ġ
룺¥ȷʵѾ㲻˼ˣҪԺ󿼸ʲôģ¾Ϳ˼ˣҪϲһ㣬Ů׷иɴ֪֪
Ⱦͷҿ϶ϲҡСû飬ԼҲ¥ôõ˶ϲԼӶ㣬϶Ҳû⡣
ŵӣ¥ԼˣǴǶʶſҲ¥ιˣȷʵҽ
Ϸˣ
ϰ۰Ѹ첲˳ȥֿ˿۾̦ɽӵϷ˾ﲻ
Է㣬Ҳ˯ãûһۡ
룺Ϸûѳʲô֢ˣɣЩҩЪЪͺˡ
û𣿡ԱߵûʲôǾˣͷ򡣡
ϺͽһҲԣô˵ˣǻô죬Һôû˵װģȻ͸ѿˣڻи˵ǡ
ѺҽҩѶ¥ģҲȻ˵û£̻æǾˡ
ûҪǮͷҲֻܵͷӦˣȾҪһģʮҲûһλȥġ
ȰѴͻȥȥ˾̣ȾɲţҪԼȥתתôҲˣžȥˡ
ŷ˱¥Ǵ˵̵İɣ
¥Ŀһۣ⻰ô˵
ԲԴ򻹿Ǹ̨£ܲнھġ
¥⳶˳ɵ顣û˵ϾҲֱӲ²̨˭ⶼܿ
һۣȴʵģҲ̫ˣʲô¶ģѾܵ
һȾˣҲǳȥתһȦԼҲûʲôǮʲôûȤˣһ߶档
ſЦȻоѾͷҲûôᣬͬٻСûôۣЩûûεġ
šأӱƿþòˡ
ŻеЦ㻹أ
Ҫ˵һԵȾǣ
ȾŸ˱裺æʲôأ
첲ˣһʲôקһ𣬻Ҹæûеʱ򡣡
ӶԶû̫ȤԼҲ⣬ľͱȽϴˣضӡ
ûסһЦλʦ˼죬ΣˣǰģڶҪʱ߲ŷˡ
ǲͦãҲǴס
Ķˣ죺ǰԼĶȥĶʲôңҪҵ֪ɣҵǰôңҺҸ糳ܶҵģھȻ֪ô£ȻվҸǱߣҶҪˣ
һüŮסǶʱǿģ˵ǲܵģΨһĿܾǣ;Ҳ֪ӵ˼ģ
ЩͬĿһۣɵѾͷʲô֪أ뵱뵱ĹˣҲǣ˵ŮҲףɵҪ޳ȥģֲŮ;Ҳеĵġ
ҪǼ޸ǿɾͲһˣԺһӿɾҵˣҲ뿪ߣȫ
ҴС㣿˰ȾȻӦǲӵӵãС㣿
һ뵽ݣȻȻľ뵽˹¥ĴԣԼҲΪŰ¥ƸŵģôڿŹϵôã 
Ⱦͱӿ죬ѿڶʵ㣬㲻ҽϲǸŮ  
035

Ťͷȥ, üͷ΢΢⻰˵ҲͰ, Լô˵, Ҫôû, Ҫôڹ¡
ĶǰϲŮˡҲû, 籾ͦϲġ
ȾµתͷȥţȻ޲, ˡùְѵС㲻ӦӶΪжȾã͸ࡣ
ס, 㲻, ˵þû˺ð, ŷ, 仰Ͳ, ˵ڱԹ
û˵ģźӶôס, ȻҲû̯
˵ʲô
룺£δʲôģ
Բ۾תתŶ, ˵ˣҲҪʦָܵˣҪҾ֪֪׵, ҳҵģżһһҪãȻʱίʲôġ
̲סʧЦڹĨǵĸϴ𣿴Сһ𳤴֪֪ףģӣżҡҲûܶõżˡ
ЦʲôһۣҲ֪ʦãҲûȥǿʲô
Ц֣ףҵɾɵѾͷһ廹֪أ
ȾһԾţӵĺʣȴóȻ˵ˣȻ׽˺ǻãϾǴСС㣬ˣҲǸðɫͰɫģղһ۾Ҷˡ
˺Ⱦ̲סʵ㣬ô°Ǹ򡭡
ʲô¶ûУҥѡȻܸʵֻڽһ䡣
ȾȻûôţɽ򵱳ǲҪľȹѽҪǲϲôأοҶô˵
ȻΪأų˳Ҫమһ̸ܺЦ
ѽȾü벻ͨĵطˣѵѵ˶ˣǣԼľǶȾʹͷֱˡ
ûԼȥˣЩǶںԼ͸νˣĺ벻ã˲ġ
¥Զ¿αȾ̹磬̵ֱţȾĵĺܣ˭¥Զһʱ˾񣺡¥磬
¥Զ£˵ͷҲˣ
ȾҸġ
¥ԶЦЦû˵¿ȾҧҧòҲʱش𣬿ɾǾ䵭һ򻰶֪ôദ
ȥ뵽ϵԸͱȽأԼһˣչȥ¥Ǵﶼûֵġ
¥ԶҳֲǼҾˣǮȥ飬˭֡
Ⱦһ±סֵǣҪһֱ˵ֻҽС꣬ӦҲ˳׵˰ɣ
¥Զֶ£̧ͷҸʮųףҲר鿼˵ʵνʵûϲĹֲһ涼ûȢţһֱ˵ר飬ﵹҲû
Ȼﶼ˵ˣ˹ǻ֪ٹ޸أôҲֲԼˣҪ޽ţ͵ó磬㵽ʱ򿼲Ҳ
ô󵨣׻ŮӣҲȥ˵ϲ㣬޸㣬ʾ֭˵Ǹô
˳ĬʱŽèϵĳԵģѾˣµ֢·ʱЩһһյģжûд󰭣ʱرܳԣձʱѾһȦԽĿɰˡ
ɩҸ˵˶أ¥Զʵ
űӣһСԴǰ
¥ԶĴָ̫ˣŽð˶ˣѹֶ˵ɩ츳
ʵϣź¥˹ϵǲģϾԸ񶼲ҲûΪѹЦЦȥЩֿڵʫ¿϶ǲеģҲЩּһЩѡ
ɩ̫ǫˣ˵ЩʫһܼǸ࣬ҡ¥ԶЩԹ
ЦЦҲ˵Լbuffɣ 
ȾֱһߣΪ¥ԶԸ䵭أɿͶĵĲҲͦõģ
Щܣǰ˶ϲԼû˴㣬Ҳͬ˵ÿģô˹С˵ЦԼȴһ롣
һֱ䵽ؼңԹקקŵӣ㣬л˵
ſһۣ߰ɣȥ㷿˵
ȾţŲ⣺㣬ǲﲻãûɹԼǰͽ˵ÿǿˣһֱžԽУԼڣ󷽵ţһξЩԱ
û뵽ôʣôˣ
Ⱦ˫һ𣺡Ǿã˼ʲôУ֣Ҳˣ˭ʶҲûϲҡ
Ŀ˿֪ôãϷϾӡУȾǸҵˡ
Ų˵Ⱦ㣬̽ҰɣҲÿڼֻиɻˡ
ŸоСѾͷô޿ɾҩϽģʶԼǳһ߰˼ٻҪöˡ
ô㣿ʵ͵ûؼȥ
ҲȥȾæҲȥˣҸòãŶкóԵģԵ߶ʶˣʶ¡
ȾԼԼҲоˣ¥Զǻ٣ǸԼ޻˵ͽ˵ܶණԼģӲϻ
Ҳܲס¥ҰɣҡͷǸˡ
Ⱦ죬Ҳֻ֪ŵˣס˼ż׳԰׺ȵĵȻֻ죬ȴĲؼÿˡ
ҪҪҸɣȾҲ֣һɻʲôС
СѾͷˣ̾Ҳ֪ܸʲô˯ɣҸһ
ȾæͷáԼûôˣȻ䵭Ҳ۸ڵĶ㣬Щˡ
ʲô¥֪ǽùϵã۸ˡ
Ž׹˵ȼˡŽȾĻ˵һ飬뿴¥˼
ĵģ¥֣һѽ˹װ㻨ɣûע⵽ȴǿóģȾû¾ʹյܸǰԲֻܷĲû˵
ҿ񡣡Сģⱻ˵㣬۲ǷӴˣǲǺ
¥ķβ¥ҿﲻͬģġܹܳסŮ˵ģѾͷʲôģǲԸİɣ
˵ߴ塣ʵûĵط
¥һüô˵ҵһˡ             

036

˵ҲǱ, ӣ, , ε, 궼Уʲôʱ, Ⱦûô죬ֻȥѧҲǿԵġ
ܳ𣿡ʡ
¥˽첲, °ҧһڣǻģֻǰ˵, ȥ˼ɻ͵, ûӣʱҪǱҿɲܡ
ŵͷӦõ, ҪǸĲ, Ҳ, ϾҲˣϲϽԼ
ڶһ, Ⱦָһȥ̣¥һȻһ绹ûأ
šӭôˣһ, £
ŵ˵ͷ𣿡
ءӳҡǴ˵Ҳ磬, ûһ䣬յĽС
Ӵӷ˵ɣ
ȾûôõķӣһҲЩһԿ˼Ҽ̸ЦģǰǸ˵Ķ㣬Цţżظȴһ㶼ԵΣԽ
Щ̸⣬ղѾܹȾ¥ŵûЩʲôģѰ˼㲻вӦõţ㿴вУ
ӿһۣûдʲôն
¥֮ǰˣȾæóԼһֱõĺɰǰģԼԼ˻ȥͦµģӽӹ˿˵ͷУƹİһ£ܳԹסģһ¾Ϣʱ䣬ӣҲǺۣǱȽϷĻ㿼һ¡
ÿˣȥȾæӰĹӹȻ󷽣ܳסʡŵ㣬һ궼ݸʮҪ֪һֵһ굽ͷҲܸЩ
ӵͷУø˴ȥ
¶ôöˣҲǸ£¥תͷŵȥҺӻҪ˵
Ŵ֪Ҫ̸;Ƶ£Ⱦر棬֪򵽵ʲôͷﶼôԵĿԴСȻһָӵģһʱ¥ɲ⡣
̸˱æȥˣȾֱӸŸȥ˲꣬˵Ķ͹Լȼ˵һ
·¥⣺̸ô㲻ø˵һ
¥֣ڻ̯£ڣȻˣӿ϶ǻ˵ģ¶Ҷޱ׵ģҲû²
ԼĪò˼ֵæˣˣǵòҪ̫ۡ
СԽԽ¥Ҳģⶼˣ˺û㻹
˵һûĵһۣù㡣
УģϱŻá¥ⱾǸȽº͵ˣֽС͸ţѾͷӲѳãҲãѭСڵԽԽӡ
⻹˲Ҳûô࣬ڲƣҲûôæ֣Ǹ⺺ҲΪƣæҲˣֵ˲١
˳ȥ˷ķ¥Ȼ˯ˣŻһ䣺һܺðû˯
¥ϴϴ֣ȥԷ
¥ѻЩԺ¥٩˯ô绹˯ģô
¥۾¥һۣ̾ˣû˯áԭ϶ǲܸ˵ģǸԽԽŹ֣˵Ͻһ㣬ڵǰ߶߶ʵɻʲôҲ䲻ţڵ˯á
̾ͲҲ¥ģģʱƽҲã˭ҲãܹܵģԼҲ֪ѧʶӣԼ⣬ȷʵҪˣҲԼûɶϵѽ⣬ҲΪþ̸á
ʱøСͷֺ죬æҲܿʲôɼģҲ֪⸾˼ôģҲֿˣȻʱ˭ÿ 
Ҳӹ֣¥һ㲻֪ڹСۣ˽ǻеСģҲˣʲôë
¥ͦгûʲôìܣҲǴǰɷˣǶƹıˣ͵һɵĵţɰﻵˡ
ƹˣ޿̣ӣҪȥ档
ͷҲû̧æꡣ
ҪʲôҲʲôҲţһøţһӣ㻹ûˣôһˣ쿴ţ
ſСĹĵҲġ
ʲôĵģ벻ͨˣôҶôˣҲúõĳˣʲô£
˵ôĥҲúûĻҲƢˡ
ʲôƢҲˣڿʼҲˣ˵˵ȥߡ
ͽ֡
˭ˣ˦ǣֹû㷢ʲô裿ҵĶˣֱ˵òãҪҵĴҵǸҸĶУô£
Ӻ˿ǰСϻһ˵ô˵װ˵˰Լ磬Ҫ֪Լ˼᲻ŵ̾ܵԶԶģ
ǲģѾͷһֱûûΣŷ棬Ȼðڣһ¶ģʶԼһֱŵĹﳤˣϲˣҲ˼˵ˣˣ᲻ϱˣϲˣ
ܲˣԼĹƾʲôЩˣſʼԼƤӵ£ܷЩ
Ҳһʱ͸;;ЩʣϾ˿ŮӵãȻҪȢñôۣ
ӸһٷʲôһԺ˻¥ˣǳˣɺŮôлϥˣԣʱ¥ϻȥȻҲ֪ŮˣȢҲûʲôס
;һҲǣҪ᲻ŮޣҪǼ޸ӣǿɾԼһˣҲĬˡ 
ô˷¥Ķţ˵Ǵ粽ˣҲûʲôģ۵Ľ
ţСͱţҲɲִŲŲĴС㣬ԽǿĽԽǲͷ
ʲôҵģۣôҴһ𣿡
ľͼ򵥶ˣǲһ𣬿Ҳһ쵽һɣҲûôճŵİ
룬¥һȷʵΪ˼Ƿޣʣأ
תˣ 

037

ͷû, ȥȥɣ
Īһۣ治Լ, Ŷ, ӿıӰ̾˿, Ҳû˼˱ˣҲȥˡ
ȥ̵ʱ, ûʲôˣ¥ŶŪè, žܰ˼һͲ, СѾͷôôͷ
ϲż, ˣһǰܣ¥ⲻҲ֪£ôǣŲ˸λá
ӿ, û˼ſ, һ, Ϊ׷Ů˵ˣͦ˵, ҪԼʵ޼ƿʩҲ
¥üģ
֪¥Լ˼Ϳˣ˵ͷ, ¥ӸţǾûҪܻŰţŮ˵˼Ů, û׼Ҳ֪
ӿţҲֻ֪ᳰЦ˵ģ˶٣˵Ѿͷôβأ
¥̧ۣ˵𣿡
ҡͷ̬ȣĶ˵ֱˣ
㲻˵ף㲻ܶʲô벻ǷȥָʲôӦ¥ⷢˣֹⷽٶۣҲûõĶȥ
һҵ磬˵ڡüǵʱ綼ûõˡ
Ϊʲô㵱磿Ϊá
£Щûʲô˼
ŸӵëĺģԼԼûаһĽŮ˶ԴǲһֱһµСѾͷŻţûֳԼĸ飿
û죬ż֪ԼϲɻǵöԴоĸ飬ȻҲͰ㵱磬ҪĲǰ˩ߣҲֱ˵̯ƣҪתĿ
Ӻеˣе
¥ҲͣҾúе
һЦˣȻҲϣܳɵģҲ㣬ʱҪĸˣǰ㵱ɸ磬ҲҪʵֶ֣ǿġ
Ӻ˿֪ôˣлɩˡ˵ջ̧ȾˣҴҵڲ趼ûȡ
¥չû˶ûͦࡣ
򴽣Թˡ
˵Ƕ˵ˣôҪԼˣ¥ҲЩû죬ӵӸ͹ˣ¥ͣĿʼæȡܶһЩһЩ
æĲУűһ˸ˣ˲ԼҲöˣվۣټϸɻȻܰﲻæˡ
ڻȥҲЩ¥Զ¿ε磬һæȾĻҲأͷҲ٣̣ᣬǿԴ֣ݸˮʲôġ
ŵǷǱ˲٣ûǰôˣ˵ûͷûԣҲίҲڿˣ¥ⶼ˵˳Щˡ
Ⱦʵʱ¥Զһ¥ԶŸɻ˵Ҳ˵仰ġ
춼ˣȾЩ䣬ϴˮվſڳô벻ȥأȻɫ˲٣ɾǾ¥ԶоС
ȹ֣ڱ·
Ⱦ͵Ļæÿһߣ֣硣
֣ڿɫԣͣͣŲǲǲҪ̫۾ͱˣǼ˾͹ˡ
ȾһЦû£ҲۣڼҲɻ˵ġ
֣ڿɲ֪ǰΣ;øССģͦܳԿ࣬ЦЦǾͺá
ؼҺ󣬼˶۵Ĳˣ극¥Ҳûˣֱ˴ϣԱ߸Ҫǲоٹͼ˰ɣ
¥ҡҡͷǵãһˣ϶Ȱ˵ҪæˣЩҲܸϵü
ԼűҲ˵ˣӴŸ첲¥ˣߺ˼Ų᲻ص졣
¥⧲һѽקѹȥ˭죬
ŵ㡣
¥һﴽãͱ졣ͷֱȥ
ŲԾııоϹֽͷҲʵҴܣСʹˡ
¥ŷŹͷСŮˣɫѬ죬촽޵ĸƻһĲУ־ȥѡ
ŵԲ۾㲻۵ĸ첲̧𣿡
¥Ķһ£̧ˣ
һ£ŸоҪˣƽʱһ¥ȻҲôҪʱ򣺡å
¥ϲӣˣ˲٣һҲЩˣҲûˣùǺϲ˺þòͣ
ڶһ磬ųɹˣһθأ첲̧ˣϷʳУ˿滹ѹ첻ҪˣúЪš
յһˣˣ治ϧ񣬶Ĳн緹ˣʰһ顣
Ϻڹ¥Ժ棬ʣ˵㲻û°ɣ
ʱˣ˵ҲûٳϼӶ˵ܸ̰æҲûô˳ˡ
̬ȺãȻҲԣЦŵͷûʲô󰭣Ъһˡ
ָָϵĵˮԵɣԽ岻ԽҪ߶߶ɹɹ̫
Ҳûƴǣһߣ¥һ棬ϵİѾǳĿˣԴèһΣʵ˲٣벻ûȥˡ
ڹŹӣĵʣ֪ô˶㣬̵Ľˣɶǵڹˣ
Կ˹æУ˾ǲܽģһ˼ңֲңǶôҲֲġ
һ㶣ڹһۣǻлûаֻˣǲҹܵģɹд磬Ҳڽ㣬ÿⶼһġ
ŷģͷĿ²С£⿴ǿ϶ǲдġ
ڹЦЦЦȴ۵ף⿴Уǻӣڶӣ˴ͨʲôֽţ¥Ǹɵ֪ʲô
ڹ˼࣬Ҳ࣬Լ⿴ЩͰѱĸһǰҲˣڽôĵӣʱ֪Ҫ׬٣˭ǮģŶӾû˼
ǣˣĹͣǼǸˣҲ̸⣬ԼҲ˵̾òˣҪ϶ˡڹЦŸ¥
⻰˵ϾͲˣʲôܸǺ£ϴҲй͵ģʲôõ˭ò˭ġ
Ŵ˵ˣɩӰĶˣ˴ķ룬ģǴûҪ˭Ӿ¥߳ȥ¥¥ҵģ˭ɻ˭Ǯ쾭壬ЦЦ̫ˡ 


038

¥ʱ, žͰ¶˵ˣ˵ɩǲռ̵ıˣ
¥ĳأôģԺ϶Ѿ̽ȥǳ, ΪҲ̤ʵ, ҲǺܸܿġ
ûϵŻ첻⣺ļֵԶֹ, ȥĶҶסţ෴, ҵӰס㡣뷨һ¥Ҳ˿
¥ⱻС, ȻЦüһѽ§ţǾ, ô, дأûôС
ŵͷȷʵ, ôõദ, Ҳ֪¥˺ʵ, ûôƣڹἸҲûʲôˡ
һζ, ææµµģҲʵһת۾͵, ҼһڶȻҲٲ˵ģ̱ƽʱæĶ, ָϣϱϱһȥð
¥Ȼûȫܸǹ䣬ϸǿԵģ⼸Խ䣬Ŵʵʵ¶͸ϣ˵ʲôʲô
ڹ¥СҲǺܾòһ˵ĲУקҪǸϱӣСԵСһѣ¥ڰˡ
ûˣЩɣǹЩӲſˡڹڸȻ
ϵ˵ͷƽʱ¥ûϹȻҪʢЩ˱ͽȥһ̣ů࣬ű㽫ñժ
Ⱑһˣ⣬һ̧ͷشţһסˣţ
һƺҲˣ̧ͷȥСӴҲͶʮңЩ׳ʵƤԺڣü˭
ʵæһŵ˲ּҰʯͷҶˣһѽ
űͱȽģοӡҡҡͷǵá
ʵЩʧ䣬ǰţǰǱ˺ܶ࣬ˣԲ˲٣ɫҲǰֲ԰ɫװ۵ģ춷Եý޿ˡ
ǰͦϲŵģģҲ㣬ɵΪ岻ͬ⣬һӶˣô˶Լʹˣ˵ʱȥףȼǿ϶Ӧġ
žĿЩȣڵıͷϸü⡣
ʵæ֣ҪĶ飿Ҫ٣
⣬űվſڣΨڹ˳ʵԵ۹һֱ׷ţɵӶóȻǰĽģѵ˵ż޹֮ǰһΡɣ
⣬ȥϲʵͬ壬㲻ʶ𣿡
򴽣һֱźٳţҲ٣ûʲôӡ󡣡
˵ˣҲöʲôˣĲˣȥ˾̣һȥ˭Ҳûôѳʵ£϶û˵ʲôڹȴˡ
ŹƵģҳȥ͸͸˳ѡڹ¥˵¥˾̣ȥ¥˼·ʱ˳·ȥ̡
λ˻Ҫ𣿡ʵȻǵ
ڹҡͷЦЦҾǿҼҵú죬·к
ʵҲڵأȻʵ˵ż޵¥ˣ˿¥ˣ
ڹ˵ͷ没
ʵæ֪¥ҹΣ
ڹǣ¥֣˶ٲŵУռʱǲ̫⣬˺ö졣
ʵ̾˿Ҳѹ֣˵ֱǵʱ¥϶ĲôãҪǺ˼ңȼҲֲһͺ۸ӦҲǱȼ޵ġ
۸ڹûЦţȷʵǣʱûģҲû˸ҪиϲģҲڵġ
ʵ˳ԶΪ¥ҹĲôãȻɫҲΪǰȼ̫¥ҳԵĺһЩѡ
ڹĬˣҲٶ˵æɣǼҵӾڽֶ¥Ҿ̣Ҫƿȥǻչ⡣
ôʵãû⣬ԺƾȥǼҡ
ڹ¥ˣɲҪ¥ӹϵǸҲó¥ĺö٣罺ģɵ˲Żá
ľǳʵֻҪģȥ´Щԣ٣Ҳ¥ҵӣʱȻ᲻ˣ¥ٰţϿ϶Ĳᡣ
̫˽ˣǸƾµˣ˹߶ʮһʱҲȻŶġ
ȻҲԼе㲻¹Ժ̵ĹһСˣԼҲû˵ʲôʵʲôɣҲˡ

039

ǰŹ, һ˿ܰЪˣ¥ҺٰҲôֵ, ¥ԶŶ¥д, ǼҴӲ, ֵԼдġ
һµĿţֵȫǲͬķ, ¥ʷһЩ¥ԶԾ, â¶
¥дһԿţҪҪдһ
Űڰ֣˭ҹôģɣ˵, Ѿȵ˺ܶ, дӵˮƽԶ
¥⽫ëһ뱧, С֣ҽ, ˾͹ſ, û
¥ԶԼдӻ, ķ˸ۣдԼȥˡ
¥ţ˲, дȻҲ࣬£׼ݡ
Ц, ˣ¥ⷢرã¥ԶдõĶˣʣôôĵģ

ŻڶŶΪҪ˰
ǰ˶ʮ꣬ûϲ꣬ϲ󣬴·ԺóԵģݣ棬ֻǼңߡ
ΪδУ˲ϣһݶûУΪԽԽŹֵԸѸûУһ꣬ű˼һôҸ͸ޣʮа˾ֻ
ǵһµ꣬˻飬Ҳ˼ˣ۰ɷ¥⻹·˺֣ܶ࣬һСܿѵĺӣ˵㡣
ߵ¥⣬Լط⣬ϧתס⡣
źôճˣ¥ⶼҪЩܳˣܻˣţôˣ
޸á
¥һͷĴסγûףãܳ壬Ϊ²ģ֪ȥټױܣҲʲôϣˣ˵˭˭
ȼ֮ǰһ㶼˽⣬ֻ˵ЩãҲûôɵԺܶζңȢţٻҲȾ
ʮ죬ȥŮĶڳԴӼ޹Ϊ岻ã¥û£ҲΪϱҲָ֡
˭뵽ּΪԼ˼ˣȫǼûģϺⶼʲôɲȼǮ
룺Ҳ֪ʲô¥ʲôҲûУԼϹġ
ϿˣǼҲ㣬ϲˣݳ޵ըȻָɰͰͷϷڻϿһѲ˵˽ȥζֳ壬ֺÿģ֪ô
ڳϵһڣŻŪ˸ʲôⶬģǿûôԹܻζ
Էʱɺڣһʮˣռ̣м䣺ġָſ¥˵
¥۵׵һ˿С⣬һЦȻҪģȳ
һ⣬һ˻۵ĿڸУһζ¥ǲ³ģ˼ڣȻø㣬̲סҲŵգܺóԡ
𣿡¥ЦЦҲһӣûԹСġ
ϱͺ棬Ǽ˿ڶѿȻų⣬Ͻ˿ˮѵõĿţ˵㣬ͦóԵġ
Ķθڴ󿪣¥ԶȲĳ˿ڳݵĿţɩԭز©նϾ¥ĳˡ
ЦЦҲͼҳԳԣõ¥Ȼϲġ
ǫˣҿδĺóԡ¥Եϲģ˼ֱ̫Ŀζ
㿴ģһһӣһȻ˸⣬ѽѽƽҲԵõ˿ģڹĬĬĳԷһ仰˵ǵû
ˣһΧſ䣬Լ˰Ҳûһ䣬οԴߺ󣬼ķһֱ˴⣬̧ͷЦǰǲ֪óôãǼôԣȥˣôۣڼæá
̧ͷڹڼɩҪȥ𣿡ǰڹǺܿģԴ֪һֱǷޣĲûôƣҲûôˣ˵ʲô˵ʲô
ڹһǰûȥʱ򣬲Ҳһ𣿶˵æĶæˡ
ɩ¥ɫھ̲գæӻںͷ 
ŵͷǰɩãҪȥæ˲һ𣿼ﶼǿ֧ŵģֵܷһҲǺõġ
ôһ˵˾ʶ϶ͷǵģ廹ûôæûģȻˣȥæԺˣҪˣĿ£Լ˷һЩ
ڹҪ˵ʲô¥קһѣ˵ЩʲôԷ
һֱȰڹ˭֪ԽԽģƲס̨ƽϣ¥Ҫǲ˵Ժڶܵǰôˡ
ڹҲ˳̨ˣ侲ҲԼЩףԹ¥һҲԼ˼¥⣬ԼϱһίϸǰҲĽģԽǲƽ⡣
Ȼ¥ǿ̵ģȾƶܿƣƽʱҲСһ£ǹ꣬˷ʢֺã˱ȶˣҲûţųû
ºãҲûҹˣŶЩԺǿҡεĻݣ¥⻹Ǳ¥ԶŻȥġ
ź˿ڲ裬ӲЩԼȥϴ˸ʪֽ¥֣ŷĸ·
¥ţȴû˯ţоһ˫СȥȵĻţ㶼֪˭ٺһЦһѱסš
ɵû˯žԼ˯
¥Ҳ֪ûǲ֣žף˰ƲģҲ
θ飬Щܲ˵ģ˴ҹ¥˯ˣÿζƺģΣʰ˵ͷ˯ˡ
ڶ컹أ̵˷ıˣӲǳ˯ס¥໹ʹԴԱߵһڣðˡ
ųЦЦ΢ԥ£÷
¥ʱЦֱźݺݵһڣԡ
һºܶ࣬Ҫ꣬Ҳû취ᣬϴ꣬Ż£¥һɫۣŸģԵøӢһЦŵûʺϺɫˡ
Ű۵ģǱɫĵԽޣռ޹ʱҲһɫʱ̫ݣɫҲãٿڹҸŮǻԽԽġ
¥֣߰ɣһ¥ҹ꣬ϱԸҪ

040

ӱǻ, Ƿ¥үү̿ͷ꣬Ϻ¥Цеһ˸˸
¥ǣŵ߽ȥ, ܺã, , ɩá
ҲɵĸŰ꣬Ÿǰ֮Щֵò, Ѿ¥ҵˣҶҲϲ, ȻúãҲͲٶ, Ϊһĸ, ʲôҲΪ˺ӣҲǺҡ
¥Ƣֱ˵ⷬѾǼ׵, ȷʵΪĹ, ͷΪ, Ȼĵġ
űǸСǰҲϲԭ, ֻ̫֮ЩŹϵֽڼȻΪĶԺˣûŲš
Ǻʲô, ˵ˣҲԼĸҲ, ԽԽãԺӻùģҲúТ˳ģǰǰĶƪɣ
¥ĵͷҲ޻˵ǰôô˳ۣôȰȥǾãĹۺ󣬾ҲǶʶġ
˵ֶ¸¥һãſ¥ɰЩοСҲһֱƽϡ
¥ЩŵģΪȫҾһСӾúܣ֪ӲŶԼЦһɣҲЦЦ
¥Զ꣬һ˳˷Ϊ¥ǴӾǰģûκݣ˼Ҷľ͵ݣ¥ҵǼ࣬ڹЩϱҲҪŻҰꡣ
ճ극ţ˭¥Զȥţͼſͣһһվſڣλ¥Ӱɣ
¥Զͷòʵǣ
ӵҵˣүһȥһꡣ
¥Զ۾Щ֣ôˣҳ˺˭Ҳȥ˭ҵģҲ;øǼи飬ͻȻľȻҪһꣿһʱЩš
ӿҼ¥үͶүһ֪ˡ
¥ԶͷȽ˵ɣ
һ˶ǰأȻ¥һ˾˳ţôˣ
Цүģ˵һȥꡣ
ֹ¥Զһ˶Щţʲôˣ¥һãȻΪʲô
ҡҡͷҾͲ֪ˣֻǷ¡
ΪĵôûŮúദ涼ûٴΣȻǾϲģϾǹȥ
ŵͷǧȷ
߰ͷӡק¥ʱʮܸ꣬Ůһˣܲ
˻Ǿ;ͻȻľٶֵͦģ¥Ŷһۣ;ŮصӣƽʱֹôôԸ¥飿
ôֻһͣǾ;Ѿˣ˵пϻ¥ˣϾֻϻӲ˳Ȣ
ʰ¶߰ɣ¥ѵá
Ӷô˵ˣ¥ҲˣæȥʰȥˣϾҲܿȥȥĻҡ
һ¥Լҵպÿ£ϸղżʼˣһֱԱߵ¥⣺˵ʲô˼ʲô˰ɣ
Ϲ롣¥οܻ͹ϵǺ¡Ӹ°ûһƲҲ˵
һϽ߬İѣܾûŮˣʵ¥⣬˵ǱһЩģ¥ģû뵽͸
⻹ǷһΪ;ϣǴһҲΣǲ
¥⵹Ǽ·һȥ˺ͮͮĶӺ͵ϲ죬һڿҲǸճ꣬˺ãһʱЩ
;ɣҲһ˲࣬ô
¥ϻ࿴˿ǰû¥ҵһˣͻȻĵôˣһֱŶаûˣԼŮֳЩÿ
ȴֻǵ˵ѹǷȻ˵Ҫһܷ꣬ԵģϾֹСʱļ䣬ôûôദ˴Ҳͦġ
ɵ֪ôˣ˵ʲôϾĸԺһǺ£ͰһӶˡ
ڹһԱ¥һֱ֪¥ϵһЩϾ¥ȹڿźõƵģԾЩᣬϾĳ谮ùϵǺôһٲ˵ġ
룬¥˵˾䣬¥ԥ£ܵǰеСùá
£ЦЦʲôѽ
Ưѽ¥òιֺģƤʱʵɰ
Ůвϲ佱ģЦĸˣԣСùøǳԡ
¥ϲ̵ֻڹߣڹСԴ
;¥һ˵ǱʶˣֻΪԭЩûй
ϾԱߣСĵĽݹȥ·вС
еڴŤ²Žӹá
һЦĿģҲָŮһ¾͸ԼףֻҪͺá
⿴˿ӣɫͦõģû֮ǰζǳһͽչ˳ӣ¥Զ˵ʱͷһۣǽһˮ
̲סû˰ɣ
ɫһ±ŤЩ˵ӣǵûУе֣õĹ֣һʲô˼Իأ
ŲЦ˼ģڶ̲סеͬˣǿӲɣ棬͵ɣֱɣ׷ٸŮࡣ
˵˵ڴֲ㣬;棬Ҹ̫׽Ÿĵĺãʹʹɫ
Σ·Һһģҿ
ͷð
֣תͷҲһ𿴿ɣ
һϲæãһһ𡣡
ûİһۣЦģÿˡ
죬Ҳˣ˱Ҫ˵ģŮȥķ䣬Լȥ任·ϴ˷ó;ȷʵŮⷿ䲼õֺֻÿ϶Ǳ¥Ҫĺá
ҲǺܸӣҪ˵Թ;ɣҲУϾ֮ΣǽŮ׷ףҲ¥ңȻ¥Һȫȫˡ
˵ף¥û±סŮ;ǳǸû˶Կı£¥ҶϣͺܱҲû;ɶļȻҪúðյġ
һ޵ģһһЩȻ¥ҲǮǷŮĶ࣬СûʲôȻӲģһǳɫ黨ȹʣˮ۵ġ
ÿæþƯʵʲôÿ
򴽣ǿһСô棬ʵҲԹǸ֪ôദ׵ˣҲΡ
Ҳ֪¼Ҳ̫ŵ·ɴ˵˻Ҳҵ£Ľ
űĸŮģһֱק֣Ǿֻʣ˻Ρ
˵˻ʵû˵ˣţǳȥɣƵġ
ԵҲãСȥɣȥ
˺԰̫¾ͿʼԹ˵ҵô°ԽԽˣȻǶˡ˵Ҳ¥ˣ¥ûʲô⣬ֻ˵¥϶ѣҲܻĸ˵
ôԹ𣿡ʡ
üţ£ҵ˵ģҲ֪ѴѣһܾȫңҵʱôСҷʲôʱ򣬺ȻңԺҵˣҵһȫİĵطʶֺµ˯žĸоڶˡ
һãŻٿӣɼСʱµӰĺĨƽҼǵûû˵ҵ£ҴСر𲻺ãʲôܸɣʹǿҩôܣǷǵۣ࣬ԹҷǮܸɻ䳰ȷѵѵʮ꣬ҹļ˹ӣ֪ôģˣҲãԸ⣬Ƹûʹң˵㣬ҲǱ˵ġ
ʵŵ˵ģҪҵĶֻ࣬û취˵ѡ
Щ۵ĿҪǺȷʵҸˣҲãȻĸ߳󣬵͸綼ңҲͦԣģ˵ǲе̫Сˣ
ҡҡͷ㱾ԹʸҸ˵ЩҪȰȲƽϣ㣬㿴ڣҸҲܿģҲûԭǣҪ֪ЩĴҲҵĴȫûҪЩסԼԼʹ죬ֵá
ĿţΪĸһЩȻ൱ȷʵűͨ͸ܶ࣬ɵĲ񻰣ĻûȻʣﴽЦЦ˵Ķԣֲʲôƾʲôʮܡ
֣ͨ˾С
¥ϸʱЩû˹ǻرƤӾˣ棬ڹˣ˴ȥˡ
㡣¥ܵԺС㣬ĲʵܿڱȥģĲУֱֱľܣбΪƽѩֱȥҲû¡
СүаѾ߱ںµߣһ̧ͷͼѾ̤ȥɫһף
źͤ˵Ǳһֻͨһ¥Ѿ˽ȥ
һܣź¥˵žȥˡ
һקסţܲסһӾȥ˵ͨ˽ȥ
ܹѾ߶ŵĴסˣźһȥˣ
Ѿ߻عæײײǰԺܣүүˣ¥СүˮȥˣСҲȥˡ
⻰һŰһ˵Ӽܣڹһ
¥˲ùѾ˸ϽԺȥˣ;ļȴĶЩȥд 
վڰϼĲУѾȥһˣڻûˮˣ¶ȿ֪ǸŮӣǶˣôٱ͸Ѿˡ
֪ôʱ򣬼һȺ˴Ҵˣæ죬˭Ӿ˶档
һԲһӣȥŻӾ¥ҲϽȥŲ̫żź£һˮȻȰԼͳȥˡ
ڹԺվڰǿǺģ;ŮοΪ˾ӣɥƵģﷳ꣺죡
ڹµһ쿪ʼʣһ˵ĶƬ̺󣬻һ¶ͷ¥¥ڹ۵һæܹȥӽӹ¥Ѿˣɫࡣ
¥ΧڹѰҪﰡ
ҲĨ᣺ôѽôѽ
Ź˲ȥ˽ȥ
ڹʶҪÿ㣡
¥һڹɩ侲
һȺ˿˫ֺʮѹ¥ؿڴһһ£¥ûأӱҲˣŤͷһۣҲˡ
УֱӸ¥˹Σ¥͵ؿ³ˮ˿Ÿչˣæȥ
ʪ͸ˮһأ˫۽գ˱ֿʼգȻǺģȴûҪ˹ˮ
˶˷Ӧ˶˿ǻӾģһˮͷ˲ԣȻѱ¥ֲ֪ס˲źЩˮû¥ء
ŴҴҸϹͻ˷任·κ˵ûˣֻЩҩˡ
һȺ˱˸Χڷ䶼µĲУӻ·һֱԱߣ;ģ˭źӵģôµģ
ѾͷͿˣͨүū澣ū澸Сүµߣһ̧ͷСүȥ˵Ҫץ㡣
СӲҲ;Ĳ᣺ǽ첻𣿣
үū澵ĴѾ߿ſͷ
ſСŵòᣬЩǿģʵ¥̫Ƥ˭Ҳû뵽ֱȥȷʵʧְĵط˶ûһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
ˣֻЩӵƤûü
ҺúţûӣôΣվ͸ȥҪǳô죿
Ҳ֪ŻˣץסԱߵֵԲ磬ҵʱһʱżû뵽ôࡣ
ؿ˼£վ᲻óôֹɵƢԴһ£̾˿
;Ů˵ˣۣʰ
Ѿɴ⣺ллүллС㣡ܳȥˡ
ʱ䶨ҪȺúϢ¥ű֣϶ʪˣҲŲˣ·ϡ
һ˵Ÿоϱղ̫Ŷˣ˵ͷҪȥӭ¥ˣţ̫ллˣҺ㣬Ȼ˵ûˣ                         


041

ŵû´, һˣҲ¡
¥۸м, ȥ·
¥ֽȥ, Ҳû²ŷĻط, ¥ҩѾ˯ˣڹһֱԱ, ޵۾ˣŵòᡣ
, û¾ͺãȥϴ¥
ڹ¥, ں£֪Ͳ, ʲô°Ҫǳ£Ҳȥˡ
¥ʱü˵ʲôԼƤҲǸѾͷ, 㻹Ǩŭ˲ɣҪǳԷҭ, Ҫ˲ɣ
ڹۣʲôⲻҲǺ𣿡
¥İڰ֣֮û¾, ȥ͵õлҪ, ɾûˡ
ڹ첻˵¥һۼǵһˣԺҲ˵Щеû, ͳһķϣǾ¥ǹøҶԸ⣡
ڹǵһοô࣬һʱЩס, ƽʱ¥ƽϣҪϾǸ˼ңҪġ
Ż·ڻţ¥ůʵǴĶѧģʲô
졣ŵǸͺ˲ˮǺס˺ϲǲûˣ
¥֣Ϊô黹Ӳ֪
ҲͻȻ뵽ģѹ˰ؿڲû𣿡źŪȥúúùܹˣ˳˵ʲôҲû£¿ɺã
¥ͷֻǸ壬ҲùܣƽʱţһҲ£̫Ƥֳ£СͶԡ
Ҫ˵γڹһңܾŵľˣһ϶Լžǲ뿪
ȥݸ裬С
ҡͷûô顣
ϻţĲУϽȥȻˣ
ӽ֣Ժ׼ôûУ֪֪ҵʱ຦£
ҧҧʱһӾ壬û׼ȥԼȳˣҲż
ҲУӳ˭ҲûҪûҪǲô죿
ʲôô죿ڶ·ˣ͵Ҳúúûȥ
һҧûĵĶǲҪҲܺúûȥ
룬ȻҡͷǲУܲˡ
Щͷһĺ£ҪԼһ¾ûˣúԼⶼû˵˿һģ֪Ϊʲô¥˶𣿡
ҡҡͷһֱҸ¥ߵ̫𣿡
ǰ׵ϵã뿪ҡƵĿڣϣ¥Ұϻȥ
ɵˣΪʲôҪ𣿡
Ȼǡǲ뿪ԲҪϻ¥ҡ
ͿģʲôҲϻȥ𣿡
ѾʮˣҪˡ˵˵Ļ⣬ЩĿ˿
գգۣҲǵŮֲǾͼˡ
Ů޳ȥһҲز˼ˣԺǷҵˣҪżΪأӡԽ˵ԽܲˣָЩ
ϻ¥ʲôͬҪˣ
šҧҧǣżң㲻Զڵ𣿡
ǳ˳飺ôҵżҰڿʲôЦҼ޽Ҫ˭͵سֵɴ۾ӣңң㣡޸㣿
ɫ˳Ҳų˳Ҳ˵ˣ𾪵ıĬ
𾪹󣬰һŤס磬͵û°ɣҰðף
ӢЩ䣺ãǲ׵𣿡
һʱסɣǣǵŮǵĶӣСһ𳤴Ұ㵱磬ҵãôôװ
ǡҶŮ֮ʱҾûа㵱ÿһֱڵȣ㳤󣬵㶮ָ׷㡣
Ĳ֪ҲûûⷽҲ֪ӲƭһжͨˣѹôǴӡʦֺĪĸԼ׼ʦߵ̫ߵﶼԭ
ɤЩƣ˵£ʵ̲סˣ챻ûûεѾͷĥˣһʱʹ˵ҲûкܵĶȥˡ
硣㣬ȳȥеҡ
̾˿ȱˣ˯ɣ˵ճȥŴϡ
͵ñסͷ͵͵Ľ˼ò˲ʲôʲô°
ֱ飬úõĸͻȻ˵ҪȢԼҲҪԼϻ¥ңټ޻ң˲Ƿ˰ɣ
űӷȥĹ˼ȦʵǷĲˣǸﲻסµˣ˰죬̲סȥŹ
Ǹ¥һģ¥ⵣʵôûﲻ
Ƶҡҡͷ磬ȥҪ˵
¥ЩΣʲôʱ綼簢ˣ
ܣȥҸ˵ЩŮӵĻʹӣܼòã
¥Դһ£Уҳȥ˵
ż¥ȥ˲ʲôôӦúúϢòء
ҧҧһĲţţҸղ֪һ˵Ĵ£벻
һʱҲû뵽Ƿ棬Щʣʲô£
Щ֪ô˵룺ķˣ
ſЦã㶼˵öˡ
ģȻ˵ҪȢңŵһı顣
עҪʧˣֻ΢΢һ£˵ˣ
һ£ʲô˼ѵ֪
Ȼ֪ˣŸûҪˣҺ綼֪
ųɸOͣ㣬ô֪İ
ԼҵģҲǳˡ
ô˵Թ㲻֪ղŸ˵ʱҶˣ
һʼ磺Ҹ㣬㣬ΪԹ۵ģû취˵ˡôңȴˣҲǱŻˡ
Լͷ˵ôѽǸʲôѽҿĥң
֣侲侲ܽ⡣
ƺĺܿգҲǲ⣬ϾаӵģȻôת䣬˭ҲһʱԽܡ
Ǻôץʱ򣬾㵱һԲߵʱҲѵĶࡣ
żƽ˲ʣϲ𣿲Ǹ֣ǵһһ𣬿Գ׵˿                         

042

˼ôܣҾû
Ǿʹڿʼɣһ̯, ʼͬ¥Ĺ۵㣬Ѿͷ, ʲôʱͱ, ôԴû, ֻ֪Ӷĸ飬
¥˯һʱ, һظϣ¥, һֱڹĻԼҲŻˡ
, Ϊ;߸ȥ, ּϻһֱ¥֣ӿ˿ˣίġ
ʲôίģ¥ҪԼƤܳ¶¥ȻҲ۶, Ժٳ¡
ô˵ڹĿһ, 첻Ծ
¥¥ƽʱǶڼ, һζŹţʲôʲôҲ֪, Ժ޷ˣǺڶ
ϴ˵Ҳû¥Ȼǲ񸾵˼ô£˵Ǹ, Ҳˣý̵ˣ, ߵˮ˭Ĵ
¥Ͱ͵ĿһԼĵָһ£Ĵ
¥һšü˰ɣ̵ĺӣײӵĴˤǵذĴѹ첻µزµģ
ϱ˵ƽʱȷʵô庢ӵģҲʶԼеûԭĳӡ
ڹԼÿô࣬񻹴ӣԼĴˣͲþкӵӴ㲻Ǻ𣿡
¥˰죬˵˻ɩ˵ûкӵӴǺ£ɷҲҪиִ磬첻£Щ˵иǼģ˵Ͳưոݣ֪ʵԣ¾ûзִ磬Ժǵ¾ͻԽԽٵɩ¥̻𣿵ΪûǺɩӦܺ
¥˵Ĳϵ̯˿һ㶼ˣŶе̾˿ãԺǽҲ˻𣿡
ǰ¥ҲûڵƤʱѵÿζڹֻţ¥Ҳ¥תͷڹأ
ڹȻҲϣӳ£ֻϹȥԸһȫϵһδһ¡
˯ʱ¥ʣʲô
Ųû˵Ӹ̹ˡ
Ŷ¥⵹û뵽ʲô˼
ʲô˼ĳĿǰΪֹİӵ磬ⴰֽͱԺͲ֪ˡ
¥˿ҵϣߵһ𣬷Ĳ˵ܻؼһ˶εġ
ΪⱲûָ˵ģȻǼӶСϾΪһˣһ˵ģֵĶҲпǷġ
ڶ˸磬¥ҪҰ꣬󷿽ҲҪȥһãΪ£廹ûãҪϼȥˡ
¥Ŷɫǰλһų⣬һòͣεƽ˺ܶࡣ
ʵֻǷˣЩҲûʲô飬ںЩ޹˵ĸܣ˾С
ȼ࣬˼ӣ˸ĸŮˣҲûƽʱϲ١
ΨһһľȾ࣬æǰæģԸǰ̬ȲһˣٻۿԴϴθȥ¥Һ󣬾ͲԸؼңһֱʲô£ȻʼΪ˵ˣ֪ǱʲôԻ
Ƿż찡ҲģͱŸȾ
ʮ죬ҪȥˡȾһ㶼ôڼû˼ʲôûУոһյ񣬵ＸС˵˵ЦЦĸɸɻһȥ棬ԼҲǮЩСҲ
ż˲٣ǰԼģڿˣһֱûɫٻҲûҪȥ
ϵҪǮϴα¥һΣҲװʲôģڵ̬ȣǲ䲻ȣҲܲˡ
պϵĳ緹˾ͻȥˣҶ˵Ѿпޣֻ¥ļˡ
һ͹ˣ̾ͿţľƲҲУֻڼҼҶ٣ϡ裬ȫæùǰ֣Ҳͦã˼졣
ͷһ쿪žûˣ¥ӣ¥ȥЩ춼Ƿչ˵ģҲ뿴Ρ
ˮ˼죬ŲܳţžͿģôͿˣ
Ҳûʲô⣬ǼҲûţˣŽӹԲӣ԰ɣôֳ
һɰСԴû˰ɣ
ҲãûôǱˣʵ˲٣ʵҲûʲôǺӱ߻ˣҪһֱ˳˳ˮģá
ҵ˵ҪǳأЦ
أôûźʵ
գգۣ˵ˣҲöûԷģ˵æ⣬ġ˿ҲãҲ֪˵ʲô
ƽʱܳʱ䣬жæžð˳Լﶼûףһڰܾˣأ
˵ģϻ¥Ը𣿡ܶ¥ⶼûʣΪҲǵˣŸƹ۵Ĺϵ޻̸
̫롣СʱհߵʱһѾʮ꣬ϰҵҸ磬ٻȥϰˡ
ǡŵֻǼĻȥԼסû׼㵽ʱҪ޽İ
˵ʲôѽ죺ֻûһƲ
Ųٵ٩˿Ҷأ
ڸ˵ɣ
æЩɱˣҶ飬ҳȥתתɣ
ſҲ񲡵ӣ˵ͷ˸ճţÿ¥Ӳ߹һŻȥһס˵ˣ
ӿҲ½Ųһǲ𣿡
һԼĶʲôϲΣϰԵľ͸죺ˣûҪسˣ
Ż˾ҿûʲôˣҲǸ£öæҪҪȥ߰
̧䣬Ƭ̺˼ţУ߰ɣ
ñӣоЩ죬ЩǰҲӲʲôԣԴ˵ҪȢԼ˵ʲôʲôҪ߰һѣ÷
ôܳȥˣ߰Ժ󣬼˳˸Ҳûڴ䣬пӣʮʱŻƣûУ
һ㶣ҪԼҲᡣ
ûϵҽѽ˲ֽ궼ģдȥźƮߣ³ˣ
һ룬мԸ¡                         


043

ʮеƻ, һ˶ˣϻԵķ, ;һʱѪ, ԸǸŮӴ, ˵ĲУ극һȥơ
Լһ, Ÿ¥һԼһ, ЩѧģȻûĺ, ôҲܿӡ
дʲôҿ¥չ뿴֡
һסͲˡ
¥Ц, תֽд˼֡
Ųͷ˿ʵҲ棬Լ˵˲˼ҿ, Ҳ˼ȥ, ԼĻӱ, ǻˮģҲ, ںӱΧˣѾ˲ˣǵĸÿ
СĵĽƷ˽ȥ, ˮƮߣ΢΢д, ϣһһ¥ĺӡ
ռ޹ʱȫҶڹ⣬Ψ⣬ʱ¥ûָ飬ûŸӣ˸뷨ҲԽԽǿҡ
ӣʵЩģܶζ룬Ȼְ趼ϲ粻Ҫһֱ룬ɷ򲻹మһӣúݿࡣ
˵ĺӣһӱ֪మҲܰ
¥ߵҲƷȥתͷͿĲһЦţ¥˿ҲЦˣž¾˰ɡ
ҿ˸շ꣬Ӹֿʼˡ
תͷһӻԼĻƣҪ㶼͵ҵˣҲҪģ
һڣһ粻дʲôϣӵĲܺãʲô
ۣʵûסЦ
¥Ҳ̲סЦЦͦ䣬һԶơ
ˣӲٶУ㿴
һֽóһһ½סˣƬ̺ͨظ㣬дôдЩ
һʼ磺㿴Ҫġ˵ȥϽŽ˺
һķӦŲ²϶ʲô׵ɿ黰ǾģǸĻboy
ǷƣǹҲˣһѶһԵĸģѡģһΣȥԣﲻ֪ϲϲҪǲϲ򡣡
ҲҪüƷЩʲôҶеġ
ϱһʧ䣺֪ʲôҲȱɣЩǵġ
˹ǵıܲˣ죺ˣա
һѶӹֱתƸӣš
ҲĸţɫҲˣ¥ƤˣֿԻؼˡ
ʮ̾æˣ¥˺ü̳òͬԵģջһ̳ζʮֲ¥ȥӳˣƷֵһܻӭ
ֹϲ˵úȣҪӱͬٶͶǮƣŵʱʦ֮һҲ治Ҫ˾
Ϊ;ŮˣͷĸܣǸǸһʼĲϰߺͱŤҲϰΪţʱһ
ֵһȾ֪壬ȴûͦ츳ѧ£Ĵһʼķ첹ѾܽӴĻˣ˹Ǯ
һˣϢʱʲôţһѳԵĸǳԣöóȥ緹ˡ
ǮٻóԼǮһ˷һ
֣֣ڻһ£ҵģ
һЦôû֣ģ
֣ô󣬻ǵһйⶫ˿ֻС񣬺ǿɰ̧ͷȾľͲЦеģźǿˡ
ôˣ¥˺һȵݵǰüţһûʳӡ
̫ˡſż;壬һ㶼ԡ
¥û룬ȷָһţ⣬ŽӹڣͿͷ¥ԼŲ˳ԣһֱⲻԾ͸ţ⡣
ǿ˰ͷţѹסǹɷθĸоˣһſ첽˳ȥ
¥ɫһ䣬һӦֳ⣬æ׷˳ȥͼŶһֱŻ
ţ
ֱɫЩףе㷴θ
ߣȥ򣡡¥˲ö룬屾Ͳã֪⡣
Ҳû룬ÿθ׸˶˼æȥҽݡ                         


044

ŵɫЩ, ʵ⼸θһֱͲǺܺãֻæ, Ҳ, ˵Ҳܸоûʲô, ҲǺ˭֪췴θôء
ҽ¥վԱʣ, Σ
Ƭ̺ϲˡ
ϲˣһϲ¥⣺ûУˣ
¥ȴԶûô, üͷ𣺡ô᣿ŵ壬ÿζע, ǧӻˣ, ˵岻ã֪ڻʲôӰ졣
һ£æתͷȥ, ֲԾİС, ò׻, ΪԼҪ
ɽӣȷʵҺ, ӿܻ᲻ױסǱסʱҲһ¡
¥һ˼ǡ
ҡҡͷ, Ȼת٣ˣӾܱܲס, ˵ãܣסϣҪСҪҪӣҪǷ޾
æȥק¥ӣ⣬
¥֣ͷƽ̹Сᣬμѵš
˵żæȻȥȥ˵òã
¥Ҳ֪һʱȰԼҲЩңͷ鷳ȿЩҩ
ͷʼдӣǿǵôڶҪȺЩҩЧƽı̥Դ˵Ҳá
ҽݳ˶˵¥һҩһСĵǣţȻû˵˴˶֪Է˼
ص̣æΧʣϲ£ȴʵڸ˲ԸôԸһӣȴܱס
ô˶㣿ѽŶۿȾ
С¥⵭æɣϢ
ȾûʶǲǺ𣿣ѹֲ⣬ԭǺϲ
¥һ˱Ƚϸģһ˵ɫ뵽ˣǵõ塭
¥һͷŽЪˣȾŻȻŵһֱãǰʱҲ򣬴˵̫أǲúõԺӶҪˡ
ģǰû£ڿʧǵӣЩܣһŮǲӣǸǶź¡Ҳ֪᲻
¥̾˿鶼̫ãҲöʣӵľǵˣʱֻҪʧ
治־û뿪ӹʲôо֪¥ĺӾò׵ĺӡ
š¥Ҳ٣ỷסһˣӦǹʱ򣿡ȫǵʲôʱ
ŵͷʮ죬ȶˡ
¥˱ۣѹ֣ԲҲá
ҡҡͷ⣬
¥ͷС
һΪʲôУ˵ˣҲһͱס
Ҳðա¥ȴᶨҲǵĺӣҸ㣬ҲðʧȥΣӳ
Ʋ죬֪Ǹǵģ˵ԼԸʱȫǣԼ˺ӣһҪãԼһӸ˶Ҫ
š¥֪˵ú壬Ҫǲǲ
ҲˣҧŴҺúóҩúóԷɻ˵˵ţરવĵ
¥ۿ죬һѽˣ侲㣬ǲ˵ˣԡ
ŲҴޣӣֹסʪţ̵ǿĶ۵ĳ鴤¥Ⱨһһоûˣͷһǿ˯ˡ
¥˲ڴϣȥ¥һĵĿô
¥˿磬²Ҫ˵
¥һüʲô˼
ӲҪ¥ѹõջϲһ粻Ҫִ֪֪ҪºӣҪ֣ɰŵʵھס
¥̾˿ļ򣺡ã˵ˣ
²ӡ¥ܣҲˣķ£ԹԼԼҲˡ
¥ԼҲкӵˣ֪жʹ࣬ʲôοĻûã˻Լȹ
¥˱ۣҳûȥҩղŸһû취ʱҲ֪һʱһʱɣ͵ǸûԵ֡ 

045

һֱ, ˻ӱ˳, ССѶ˳, ¥һͿʰһѶʲô
ŵ͵, ϶չ˺вʺè, ʱȥ
¥ĬŲűèһ, Ŷ
¥̾ջ˳Ŷȥ, ŲẢӵ, ¥ܴϿǲԼˣԼѾ˾
, Ӷ, ӽѾͷ, һ˾̡
Ĭ˭Ҳ˵ӵ⣬ʲôʲô, ϻؼҳԷʱžҲû˵¥Լ˼, µʱӱסȶš
˯ʱһֱ泯, ¥§ַСһֱۣȵĺ¥⻹˯⣬ã˵Բ
˯òȣ˺öΣѾܾû˯ô۹ˣڶʱɫѾˣߵѾڣ۾
ˣ¥ûﲻ
ǲˣűߴ·ʡ
ûУôȥˣ˵岻ڰ㰾ҩ
ϴȥǰ˸ŵķݾͷ䵹Ҷ¥ҩʱ򣬾ͼһѲôˣ
ҾӦСѧѧôС·Сñӵģ˼˵СӾͰƴһ㣬棬ûУ
۾ģԼǸʮĺӣ˿ȴĺһҪĸ׵ˣĲУ¥ֲ˲ǿһЦлġ
ŻڰŪЩ۸С·ӣ¥⽫ҩ˹ȳȺҩ
ŵͷһһ׵ĺ꣬¥ȭͷһֱţЩҿ¿Լ
ź¥һֱԱţ˵һҾͻЧԼ߳ʲô£ûһϵĶȻͣ٣üͷ
¥͵վţ
˫С⣬ңҶۡ
¥һѱڴϣԣһͺˣûµģ㡣
תͷãȻĿʲô˼
¥֪סҲûֻҪƭҩδţš¥ַĶӣ˻ƣǻеģòã
һѣʲô˼¥⣡ʲôˣ
¥˱ۣղǴ̥ҩ
죺ң¥⣬㾹Ȼôңź͵Ŷۣۣ
¥Ҳ̲ס˵ж᲻ᵯɴ˿İŮܽʸɥ֮ʹֽԼĺӴжʹֻ࣬Լ֪
ſ¥⣬ʹ˵ƿɤӺ
¥Ⱨ壺ԣҪѾûˣʱԹģòá
ԺӾôѾţô£⣬š
¥ⲻϿûæȥɣ
ҪɱӣʹҪȥŴ򿪣㿪¥⣡
¥Ѿ˵˳ֻŴ򿪣һ³ô£ʲô£
Һ˶̥ҩ˫ʣҲҪȥ
϶¥⣺̥ҩ㻳ˣ⣡ҩǶ̥ģ
¥Ĩ˰᣺˵ŵӲҪӣȻСΣա
ˣȥӣ⺢ʲôʲôҲŴŰĺӣҵӰ
ǳȥǳȥſźҲ뿴㣡
¥絶ʣҲ֪ڲ̫ããҳȥţҪòã
קţô°ӣˣ
¥ۿͨԺŷһҲðų£ӻеġ
㿴Ҫû׼ܱסأǸúóҩúòôôһأˣ֪͸ˣܲ
¥ⲻĶۺ¥ⲻģȥˡ
Ҳ޵ĲУֲܴܲˣ¶¥ţҲԹţ̾˿ŽȥһŴѪı̲ס䣺㿴ʲô£
¥⿴ѪʧƬ̺űߵڴϣ˫ֱϥſһֹ۵ڿޣ̲סરવᣬԲ⣬Բ𡣡                         


046

¥ʰԼݵʱ, ڴϣ, 忴, ߹ȥ, һ˦۵Ľ
š¥˻ƣԲ𡣡
ŵƵģ¥, Ҳ뿴㡣
¥۵ӿ̫߹Լ, ΪԳסԹֻ˵һ䲻, Լܲ, ԼСӣ¸ռ޹ʱҲûԹԼ
, , һֱɫ, ƶû㣬֮յһѹֵ˵ĵز, ¥ܣȴҲ˵Ϻڣ̫, Ϊ˱ӲԼС
ûһĶ˶, ϹţܵóԶɣȻҲܲˡɺѾûˣҲܴҲˡ
¥һθڶûУŸû˺ӣҪȥǰļƵԷΪķһû뵽ӹ˸ɾֺ뼦˰ͷƽʱʳЩ¥˿
˯ʱžҲû¥§ٸĶӣ·ǳ֮һˣҴִԼ룬Ǹӡ
ڶһ磬žµ·ˣ¥ŵʲôҾУ˵öԴ졣
û˵꣬ͿžȻ·ʰˣӺݺһһץס֣ţʲô
ŵȥסʱ䡣
¥⽫תУҲģţҶԣ뿪ң
û뿪㡣ֻ뾲ɢɢģҲ𣿡
¥Ȼ£ΪԼĽᣬ뿪Լţôҡ
һֱȶȶ¥ⲻģֻʱסӡ
һ˵ӣ¥ʲô粵ǷģҪȥ
ŵͷģģҲ뿪㣬ҲԹ㡣¥ѡҲһʹֻ࣬ѡԼûʲôԹ
¥˲ٶһȥ͵֣ôණʲô
¥ɩҪסһʱ䡣
̫ˣҪ
¥һѽײʱ鷳Щģúչע⣬ܺȾƣ۵ʱ㶼£һ㡣
һۣ˵ʲôأ֮仹̸Ǯô˸飿ܿ;Щԣ˵Щԣ߶߶ô࣬ʵǲǳʲô£
¥ǵĺûˡ
һ£㵵ס죺š
Ŷ¥ȥæɣû¡
¥ڿԼãֻ̾ˣе㲻˵ֿĶӣţô£
һ£ɴ˵ҵ岻ãܻᱣסҺ˴̥ҩ
ƺΪʲôҪԼסˣæѹҶɰˣΣգ㣬ǲǹ
ַڶϣûУҲͬ
ǣ㰲סţԼʡʲôʱʲôʱٻȥοȻԼǸӣҲ֪ʧȥԼĺʹࡣ
ҪҡźȻ
ˣ˵ܰҿ϶
ҩһˡԼĶӣɫᡣ
ʲôҩͻȻӦ̥ҩ㻻ˣô˵㣬ӻڣ
һ̫˽ˣȰ֮Ҿ֪ôİҩ˱̥ҩ¥Ҳҩģöֻһ𣬳ö࣬ǰ׼һƿӼѪ˴ףƭ¥⣬Ҳƭϡ
еţɣǴ˵ܲסôУһΣô죿
Ҫ㡣ſҲܻ¥ң¶УȺӴˣ̥ͻΣգ˭ҲҴʱ䣬Ҫúóҩúţκ֪һУܰ𣿡
һģҲȺӸҪһЩϾӻûԺ󻹿ҪģҪðհš
㲻Ҷĸ顣ŵҲ⣬ҲȺȶˣǻúùӣԺ󻹻иӣûˣҲԭģ𣿡
üͷץˣǸʲôѽҸôûͲҸҪǳˣҸҵģ
ôȰֻҪÿúòúע⣬ӲµģҺòã
յ죺ô֤£
Ŷ£ôã㹻ҲİװֵǲǣֲɵӣѵԼȥºǺӲһҪܿ࣬ҸԺи
ŵȻûʮȫİգᾡŬסӣȥһϵ¥ĴӴĻôԺӺôòıס
еΪѵĵͷðɣǾ˭ܸҲ˵
ҡͷܣӸ¥ϵܺãο˻Ƚǣʱɲô˵
һĴ󷿼䣬Ը׼һ׶ȫµģ߳ʲô壬ʲôʲôÿ쵥ſСоԼش󣬱ҪűסͶĺӡ
¥ȴ֪Ůıô࣬һĲɣȾͲţŵ֪û˵£Ⱦ㵵Ŀ¥⣬ԲõɫֲҶ˵ʲô
¥Ƿȥɣû£ֲæ
¥Ц뿴ңá
ȥɣȾæҲȥô
¥æͷҲãȥûкúóԷˣ⼸ϣû˼롣¥ⱾΪŻ󳳴ֵģԽƽԽǲܵĴ̼̫ˡ 
ȾһۣеܸоԶںͽţԼ˼ÿЦ
ŶȥһΣܼϵãȥ䣬˶ڣ棺㣿
žһ£Сôˣ
ȾæҸ֪ôСҲҪСӵģôڴţע²ģ
Ŷճ극һҲۣûµġûȾ֪ԽԽãҪİæ˵
Ⱦ£ǲһֱĲɵģŲ㣬鲻ãҸ˼顣
ûСҲ֪¥ʱ϶᲻ùû취Ψһסӵİ취ȥ˵Һܺãġ
Ⱦϸ˿ȷʵû¥˵ѹģЩģá                          


047

סº, ˲֪ϲЩԹ⺢û˭, ҲΪͲؼѽ˵, ⻹Ϊ롣
±ǶӵĴ¥˼ڳԲˣ벻ͨ, ȥɢɢҲãʡĿҾ, ٳԲ
¥ȺõĲˣʹȥ̰æˣвԵĵط, ô£˵, Ҳû˼һ, ᲻úӣġ
̾˿᲻, ¥һŮ, Ҳ˶, ɸȴֻһӣ¥ֶʮ, ֲУ⻳һ಻ף
Ļ, ŵĲˣ;ҲܺɫӾ͸Ϊ, ΪСڣԵõĶźõ
һϣŻЩ˯ţ￪ʼûһ뿪¥ģϢ˯رȣҲ֪ǲҲ˯á
̾˵¥ƭʵںγƭأʹ޵ӣľһһۣҪʱ֪ˣ϶ҲԼɣģҲǺúñԼסӡ
¥ڶһŸճ극׼ȥû뵽ôſײ˸ţ¥һüһʲôȥ
һ£óԶˣ˾ƵģϹ˵䶼ܱ
ŵǺܵȥߣƵĻš
¥һץߣУ֪֪СӣԴϢ²
ҲִԼݣѾͷҲչ˲㣬͸һؼҡ
Ŷ£ҾǿͦãҲ¡
ܲ㡣¥Ǳզզʵû
ˣҴˡϴһʱȥ˵껹ԹЭ˴
¥û취̾Ա֣ţҵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ֪ΪҺãһʱȥĿﾲһʱɣ
һʱǶã¥׷ʣ㲻ڼңҾ˯ã˯ʱ䲻䣿ûجΣ
ſֱûجΣǲϰûߡ
¥¶һЦ⣬ḧǻһܳסţ
ŸϽת⣺ﲻæ𣿾ôˣ
ҲæˣæĹٹһ£ůˣͿͻˡ
˵˻ŴϽȥæˣ¥˵ÿһˣԼȷʵûôԹԼ׽Լ˵¥Ѿ˿
¥ؾ̵ʱ򣬸պһ˽ƣ¥ʲôָŮ죬ȴβ֪ʲô¥⿴֣ʵλ͹ʲô
ʵǵλ˵ÿ춼ڵģʵڲڣ
¥šüһۣʲôˣ
ʵǲɵ˵ϲ˼ңֻ˵ͬ壬˵Ǽ޵ˣû׼ɡ
¥ɫģҷ˲ڣʲôҿ԰æת档
ʵ֪ǰλǰŵķɵĶ࿴˼ۣҪ˵¥Ҷȷʵһ˲ţòǲұȵģϧǷ޸鲻ãҲϲţǳĺÿʲôã
ʲôʱڣʵҲǸֱģû¥⽥ڵɫ
˵ˣҪ£ҿ԰æת棬ûеģͲˡ¥⿴׼ŵͲʲôͨѣο˻˼Сģ
ʵ¥һ㶼˵㲻ˣԾƣܻʱ
˺¥ʵⲻбǸϰ𣿡
¥üϵã
㲻ʶȥζû뵽ǵͬġ
¥һǰŵİĽߣǰûơ
¥ɣӣܱ𣿵ôܿοǸôá
¥ⷭ˱Ҳô⣺˭˵ſˣһԸˣᡣ
¥ȻˣҲҸȥˣǲҴҶ˿ɾˣȻˣû׼˭أǲҪȥĺá
ŵͷ𣿶˵Ҳġ
ͷû⣬岻ö֪СҴ򿴿ҲֻҪʱͨ˵ˡ
˺󣬸ϸ˵Ĳ࣬˵סĿֻɣŵĲУȴѾ㹻һˣΪԻ͵ġ
һԸʮӣʲôҩÿʲôʺϳʲôƽʱעʲôȫд߻ô˵ڿ˵ŶˣһһСɲܳӣ                         


048

һסһ, ¥⼸ÿ춼ȥ, ˾ȻЩ, Ҳ, ʱҲֶ࣬ҲܸźС, ŵȵһ²Ÿ˵ûؼ˰ɰţ
ŷ·ֶ£ôˣ
Щģͷ, ¥ΪӲﻹ, û, еҲù˼롣
ʲôôˣ¥ü㶼סһˣؼˣ
ҧҧסʱ䲻𣿡
¥˵ͣ㻹ԹҶԲԣ
ǡæ˵Ҷʱ䣬ΪӵºҾססźĽ˦ 
, ԼԼȥ¥ⲻҵķ, ӻøҹҶôû˯ˡ
һ, Ҳ벻ʲôˣ֮ǰ˵, ⶼһ¹ȥˣദҲûʲô⣬¥ҪҲ, ȷʵûؼҡ
ĲϣɴɣͬҾͻȥ
¥˿, ͬ⻹ѾͷһԼ˵ʲôʲôģȲ̾Ѿͷһˡ
˵Ǹ֪ԼѴһҪԼסѹȥȫˣͷһۣ·ںѾˣӾԵĿ΢΢͹
ûһˣŵС·˿ô˶磿
¥ֱ˵ҽҪŻȥˡ
һ㶣æ̧ͷȥţֻųգգۣȻ˵ˣ
˵ʲô¥ü
СӲͷƤ
ʲô¥ЩĿôУҴϱؼ㻹ţ
డң᲻ðš
¥ˣûϢŵʱھ̣ȥӲˣѲϱҪ
ǡҲĲ֪˵ʲô
ȿȡ
һתǲУʱܷҪǰңҿܶҪˣ
¥һԹϱȥ̫߳ҶţҳЩеûġ
ɣǺúŪץˣǲУҪͬ⣬Ҿȥ˵óɱﵣֻҪڣϾûвӦ¡
¥е㲻ԾҪ˵Ѿ˿ڣˣˣٸסһʱ䡣
¥Щ죬ȴֲ֪ô£Ͼζ벻ⷽ棬ϾҩģԿȥۿѪӣѹûŻᷴһ
š¥ȴ᲻üģô߶˼Ҳá
߶Ų߶ţҵҲϲŵġæ廰㿴ǲס˲٣úӣû׼ܺò١
⵹ģ¥ⲻף֮ǰ¥ҲܵĸԺõģҩûϹûô̶һסĺá
Ȼף֮ǰθһ㣬ԾͳԣԾͳԵ٣θںܺãûôֹرԣʲô㣬οĶһЩӣϾõĶ࣬ҩͳԵĶ¥ҺãĺȻ
ˣͷİɣססͻȥˡϵһʱһʱ
Ҹʱ䡣¥ЩˣĲˣãȻԼȥ
ʱ䣬Ȼһ£ǲǿ쵽ͻʱˣ
¥ͷŻʮ졣
һҵɣǵ˵ɣϾʦʶֻȥͣôҲҪһ£ҵʱؼҲȤš
¥⻹¶һҲԣԼڼĻɩҲ̫Ըʱòֵٸݻȥ
뵽ֻ̾аɣǾ͵һһøһؼң֪𣿡
˿Ӧһ䣬ǺŪ˹ȥųˣ̸ˣæģһȥˡ
ߺ¥֣ˣǴигʵʶ𣿡
ʵü룬ôһˣô죬ôˣ
¥Ƶ£Σ˵һʹ㣬ȻʱûʣġСûʣǲΪκ·ģϵڲ 
ЩãȻʲô
ɵɣ¥һͷǰĽ㣿
źԥ֪ǵôˣǰûʲô£ԺҲûУ´Ҫû¾ˡ
¥ȻŵģҪʲôʵҲôķһδֻôͻȻƵˣǰҲûôˣе                          


049

תů, Ҳȥ߶˵Ļ, ʵһ, Ҫһֱ, ȻʱҲ
һˮۣΪ, ҲԣٴĿһЩ, ҲҪţҪͻ, Ҫ¥Щ, һš
ŤŤģʱ俴Ӳٴ, ˵¶, עԼ, ʼת䣬һ, Ǹ翴ˡ
̸£ű߿ŵ߳Եģӿ, θԽԽãһԻûţ˵ܳ, ˵ҲԽ
ű㲻ԼˣںԼ֣ԺټʶԣֻҪӽС
˵Żſڽһˣ۾һţҿˡ
㣬ǶǼҵģ
ңʯͷʵҶüҲû㣬ǲǲŰ
üʲô
ңҾ뿴㡣ʵٺһЦܸ˵˵𣿡һ
ɫģл˵ɣ
仰ʵɴһס󣺡£ʲô˵òã
ſŻûӦһ˦֣ţڰſɽĺܣ˸
˭ʵüţöΣ㲻ܸ˵˵ʲôܸ˵ҿ԰ġ
Īô;Ҫأ
ʵΧһۣû¥ˣȻڣӦǰŵѣŲϸȥ˵ֻܵţ֪ĲģҲãֻҪ˵仰취뿪¥ҺòãһȢġ
ž㵵Ŀ֪˵ʲôƢ͸ˣȻϷɩӣ˵԰Ųã
ʲôӾͳ˹ȥǲǣ˵һԣ
ʲôôأʵͷһٴµˡ
Ķͷˣӳͼڴˣһץס֣侲㣬ôˣ
Ĳᣬָųʵ˵ʲôŵķã˵ŲҸ뿪¥Ҽ޸أ
¥ɫʱ֮ǰȻµ԰˼Ҳû뵽ôĿŵ֣ڣס
֣Ӧһһѽ첲ŤסʵǸʲôıɣſң
ȻǸɱģС֣ڱɲˣֺ
¥һѽԼߣЦĿҶ԰ŲãĲҸϹĹۣ
ʵһΪڼװĵĿţţǲǶ㲻ãװģʵϲǧùġ
ˣһûסȥųʵһţ˵һԣҾǧʲôָ𣿡
ʲô㣿ʵ㵹мֲš
ֻ֣ıҪһ˵˵ǷǣҰͷˣ
⣬ôã֣ʵ
ٸ¥䣺ҵҪˣĿŵ˵ķˣǸʲô
ʵһҪȥٸЩţûƾʲôȥٸţ˵仰ѽҶΪ㰡
̾ʲôʱ˵Ǹ鲻ˣʲôʱ˵ҲҸˣʲô
ʵдʣҴˣ㶼һûؼסôܼ˲ס㲻ƭˣ˵ˣɩ˵ˣǸ鲻õģ
⻰һ˶ɫ¥ǰһץסʵ˵˭˵һ飡
ʵһĿİͰ͵ͣǰʱ򣬸źλϷһλ˸ӣ˵ǳ㲻ҲԸм٣
¥ҧտʼ𾪣ϸһӵΪԶĽģѵ
Ļţ⣬͹ٸɣһؼһʸǸ
ǣڹ˭Ҳ˵ˣ֪˵ʲôϾҲԼĴɩοм仹ԼĴ硣
¥ŶһۣԷΣ¥ⲻ׷ˣ͹ٸڹ¹£ʵٷβˣ¥ûȣڵԼŮ˵ˣؿ
ʵû뵽Ϊô£ҪԼȥٸòΰɣʱ֪˺£Ͼ¥ûʲô˲ǸС⣬ǧɲһ
ңҲˣʵæҴˣԺҲŰˣл
¥ۣҲеģ֣ڣߣ¥¿꣬˶ٸȥ                         


050

ʵȻΪ, ȷʵҲû;֪, 㷣Ǯ, û, Ҳ۵ˣʵһʵˡ
Ҫ, ֹ¥⣬Ÿһ㶼ûʾǿ, ɵ¥ߣʱʱ˵仰, ûϹ, òһ¾ͿˣǰûһӣֱԷƻˡ
ʵôҲô, Ͼ, ˺, ڹ߾ЩѰˣ˰, ¥ҾͲˣҲŵù㣬ʹֵ, Ҳ˽١
Ҫ˵ŲǲܵģԼûûȴͺ, 䣬˵ԼǷ
νѶϼҲˣڹٿɶми¥滹и¥¥ܰôĺӣѹȥǷݶٶֵ̥ġ
ظʵ̲סɩʲôԼ˵Լ˵ĵο˲֪ҺͶ֪𣿡
Ӷڹ̫˽⣬ʵɩƽദ죿
ûŵҪ˵棬еɣȻҴû¹
ʲôæʡ
̡ȥҲһǵģ֪ΪʲôҺѾ̾ΪУҪ˵ΪʲôңҲûˡ
̫˰ɣĲУ⻹һﲻǻúõأôֲҵˣ˵ˣ綼û˵ʲôأֵõ𣿡
ʵóʵûôˣϾô˵ǶˣԼ˱ͱ㵶Ӳĺģ
ŭĺľ¥ˣһţ¥ȥϣڹɫͲԾôǣ
ϾǷޣ¥Ҳű˵ԩѹŭʣʶ̶Ǹϰ壿
ģڹ￩һ˭ѽϵá
¥ͽ͸ǵõͬ壬гʵģʱⲻǴģ
ŶѽڹȻôˣʲô
治֪ڸҶȦӣ¥ֱ˵˰Ľãͷܣ˵þ˵Ǳȼ޽¥ңĲãõú޸
¶ڹʵˣϾѾǰˣ¥ˮº¥ҲûԹţɳʵûһֱЩأ
˵˵ġ¥ܺ͵òͣ㲻ҲԸ»ʾ˵ùĲã뿪¥Ұɣ
ڹɫЩң˵ʲôأֲϵ˵Щʲô
ѽǲʶôʹס˵أ¥Ǽٻһ¾ܴαϹ˵ǾñԩʸҲң
ͱ˵¥ڹ̲סˣʲôǲӣʲô¶űˣû
⻰ǵڳˣ¥̾һ㻹Ķԣû¥ҶһˣԼˣ̫˵ɣԺôദʲôȥԶܺ͵ã
ͱˣ϶ڹĨ᣺һΪңôܸɣʱֻкķݶǸ˺Ϳ£ɱ˶˵ң㲻ܣҪб¸ôܸɣҺαôģ
㣬㣡¥ָ˵ؿ۵ĸ˼ңߣ
ڹžҪţҪԿˣſ򲻿ߣſң¶ǰˣҾû˵ʲôˣ
㻹ǵһȣ㿴ʲôӣ¥ʹһקŵá
һǳԷأͼ¥ֵֿڹˣôˣſлú˵ôˣ
Լ˵¥Ĳ᣺Ҷǰ߶߶ҾͲ˵ˣҲٰ㣡ҪȻԶ֪ԼʲôͿ£
¥⿴ԼҴ磬̾ڹȴ¥ֵúõĸ飬ƫƫôʶм͡
һͷˮʲô°˵ɼˣʲôˣ
ڹֻǿޣһ仰˵¥ҧҧУ㲻˵˵ﶼǼˣҲ¶ˣ˶㶪ˣ˵ǰͷʱ˼Ѿ̴ȥ͸ܰɣǴ󷿲Ҫˣ
ʲô⻰һ˶סˣ¥Ӷסû뵽⧲ôһ 
ڹǲק·¥˵ʲô˵һ飡                         

051

¥Լĸ첲˵ʮΣҪǲ, ʰңҾ޶
ڹɫ˰, û뵽һƢ¥, Ҳôһ, 촽˶ȴû˵, ƽʱ֪Լ, Ҫ治ҪԼˣô
¥侲, ûӦĻȱ˵, ô˵˵ 
ڹͷޣǻ͸ȫƤ, һ˵, ²ΪͰϳ¥, ҲܲĿѡ
¥εĿһۣ
硣¥Ȼ˵¾ȥ, Ҫˡ
¥ڹͬʱתͷ㵵Ŀ¥⣺˵ʲô
¥⵭˵һˣε¾ˣֻҪԺɩܲҪ, Ƿޱе⣬Ǿ͵û
ô˵ڹ, ϾϾԼ¶˵ȥ٣˶̲˵ģοһˡ
¥ʵҲ˺ܾãȥվôٸҸԺҲҪ̧ͷͷﲻ԰š
Ÿ˵ʱҲͦƽģóδΪ¾ܻȻš
¥ˣȥ˵Ǹ
¥ûؾǸӦõģε£Ҳм˵̿ûˣҿҪȥõֵ
ãϱһֱڹ£ôһ˵ʱˣȥʲô
¥֮ǰþæҪԼͨˣȥã֮ǰ˵ʱʦүҪˣȱˣȥ
ѽǺ£ÿǺѵģҪǵʱʶ˵̸һְٰ˹ٳأ
Ծ̾ˡ
¥ӵĿ¥⣬֪ǲΪ̵ֵüﲻͣȻǲܰѾ̾Ϊеģǲߣֵǰ;
¥һֵܼҲбԤ̣˵ˣɴ˵װɣʵѾˡ
Լ˶˹ȥ¥ʹˣ°ﲻ˶ˣ̾ͽϴˣֻɣԶأȻﲻʲôæҲҵĶӣûķݣٸһɣԺ˹гϢˣֵҲаģûɣ
˶ͷ¥ŵȻˣ󲢲࣬ҲһӣǴϾ⣬Ǿʹһˣⶼ鹦⣬öһ㣬ҲӦãأǵԺǵϴҵæϴĳɣ϶ɣǵĴ㣬ǿǿʲôĿ˵
¥æڵǳõģɱǰߵĶ࣬ҾûǶôͷɣиԭΣ¶¥⣬ҲӦá
¥ҡҡͷѾˣοԺܻٹ̵ܾ£շֺ죬ˣҪˡ
¥ʵܲµЩڹΪʲôתͷϴҵô˵
ڹ˵ʲôռͷѾܲˣһΪ̻ύ˼ôȣ飬ҡҡͷġ
±ôˣȻ棬ӶѾͽˣҲٶˣ˵Ҳ˸ѡ
ڶڹ¥ڼȥ¥ûȥ¥һȥǸϾһֱû£ôҲΡ
ڹɩûУԸ񵥴ֱֹЩƲ˼ƣˣĻˡ
ڹһɩģеŤţҲ֪ôڣ¥ȵãǶԲס㣬ţԼ
˵ſڹһۣ˵
ڹ΢ͷãҵĴҲʲôˣһʱϣԺҿ϶㵱һ˺úദԭ𣿡
ſһۣʵЩȣΪ⼸䣬˵˵˼䣬ûǸ˼֮ģû뵽ֱӳˣЩ벻ĳϴˡ 
Ҵû̻˭ºͣһΪ˾̣ҲΪңҲŵṫƽԴӣɩʵûҪһֱ硣
ڹͷˣҸ֮ڵҲźˣȻ£һúộöõģһҲٵġ
£ȻӦʦүˣ
ǲ֪¥Ϊһġ
֪Ķôֱ࣬ӵҸ˵ʱ˵æĲ£ѾƵġ
¥㶣תͷڹһۣ̾ѽ㣡һżȻǱֵΪֿʱȥõġ
ڹȻҲ뵽ˣĴûʲôȻ˭ǰ;ģѵҺãҺǸʵûʲô̫صĺȻԼʲôֲˡ 

052

תۺѾ´, Ѿ͹˳ֻܴſ·, ¥Ķ, Ȼ׼¶, ¥æڼӽ׼ͻ¡
߰ҵĳ, ·࣬¥¥ھæ, ֣ڸ¥үʮӶҪȥ, һŶʮ, һİ̳Ƹ͵ӡ
ǰһ죬¥̲סҪסһ, ſ϶ܼᶨľܾ, ȻԵÿ, ｹһԼ, һ¾֪
֪⣬Ų֪ܲãֻҽ, ˰з̿趼ˣȻЩůˣǺ, űӣϳԹҪ˯ʱֱӽްϡ
¥ѵֻʣ£Щ죺˯𣿡
˯žôɽѣое䣬ഩ㡣
¥ʧЦҪٰ̿ϣһӣôôͳˣ
ˣôˣͱ鷳˼ˡֻ¶
¥Ҳ£˱ཱུĶ§סˣô˯Ҳܰ˰ɣұô䣿
ҡͷҲ䣬֪ôˣԴӺûˣˡ
һẢӣ¥û˵ˣԶǷŵģþûˣȻ§ϱ˯Ϻеģ¥̲סȥһڣһףЩͣˣȻС
ŹŶӵˣøɸɾ¥ΪСˣ϶ˣôãԼס϶Ǵ˼ѽ
ű׵߻أԼҲЩ飬һԼ·˲˹æһѰס֣У
¥΢Ӳģʣôˣ
ңң岻㡣˵µǿԣҪСģ·һѣӾͲزסˣ˵ʲôҲóˡ
¥üˣ
ŵͷҲûĽڿˣ¥ֻܼ̾ˣҼǵ㲻ÿ³𣿡
źƵģû˺ˡ
¥Ҳⷽ棬ͷ۲ۣҰࣿŹӺÿ¶Ҫһ죬Բȵģÿζůӡ
æקסҪȥ֣㱧Ҿͺˣȡ
¥⽫ı˯ɣ 
˿ȴҲû˯⣬·һҪСģҪʲô£ȫΪûУ
¥ûҪǮҪĵز
ŵͷ֪ܴҲԼѣ̲סģ˯컹Ҫ𡣡
¥°ͷͷһ˿Ҫһ¼ˣǵúúóԷҪ䵽ǵҡ
Żû뿪ôùһʱӿƵӦһҲǣڼ㣬°ȫȫĻ
ûס˵˺ö໰˯ڶ¥˹ҲûõʱҪǿޣԼߵҲģȥ緹׼
ˣԷʱ߶߶ĶӺЦĿôƵģ
ûĵһۣϹ˵ҿ˵ˣԽԽƶ࣬ңʲô˿ܵĿɲ٣𲻵¡
һԵ;ҲģٴӼʮţƽʱҲûʲô£±鷳СΪϡ
;ô˵ˣҲѣӦһ£ˣ߰ɣ
¥ͷɩиչˡ
ڰ֣ģҿ϶İװֵġ
¥Цļ磬ȷʵʱۿɼķӯ˲٣ԭݣЩҲոչͨ˵ݣЩҲǲġ
һקѾͷû˵ģ¥״ȳŵţ˵
һ˵֪ôЩţģݺݵ룺Ƕ˵𣿡
ûĻ˵ģ
һȣʲôĻ߰㣡
̾ûĵѾͷҪ汻ѻ˵ˣ·ˣһزˣô죡
ôһ˵ǻһԼһ£Լŵˣæһקĸ첲ǿɲУúúûûУ
Ӽ˷Ӧһϲ˭˵ĺãϦ
׼һţҪҳ£ңĲ㣡
ӼСˣһ׼ǰԼ絣ģǲôһĶԴҰȫ޸𣿡 


053

û뵽ôֱ, һǵͨ죬žһ첲ϣϹ˵ʲô
һץסС, ģʲôô󾢣ֲ۰
, ĺģϽ߰ɣ
ӺȻ׽־ڴһ, 㶵ӣһٶ, תȥ
㶵ĿԼģ·ղʪůĴлͣ, ⣬ԼܵһνӴ, ȫûй־
ıӰʧ, ֻĿڣģҪһ, Լ, ʲôȻһˡ
ˣŴҴҴ·͸˹, ҿûˡ
еӦ
ˡҲ֪һĶ½, һתͷ鲻̫ԣæק£ô
૵, ˵ѵϲˣ
˭ѽʶһ䣬ȻӦ˵ӣ
ͷ, ͵ֱŸ޻̸ⷽ¶Լ벻ͨ޹˼ɵţһ£ҾȻһҲûᡣ
ݣǾϲˡ
ϲˣô϶Щɣɣһֱûôðһ֣Ҹ磬ҲҲİɣ
ſһۣǰһûʲôҪһأʲôо
Բһ£͵ش˸ȫû취Ǹ
ɣһ̯֣׸㶼ܲˣοһûѪԵϵˣ㲻ᣬ죬Ѿ˵һ𣿡
ˤһʱ޷ܣİôͻȻͱϲˣİɣ
ȥԷˣԼĥɣһҲʱˣתˣȷʵҪЩʱ䣬⡣
ߺ¥Ҷͦƽģ¥ҲûҪȥ¥Ѿ˵ãȥӣΪΪڹ£ûǿ
һһ¹ȥˣŻѾ£Ҳ·϶ǲܴˣȻЩڲסˣԴӹ󣬱ʱʱ˳ţ˵һæҪӣҪˡ
סǣȴסÿҪһԷ;ӶྫɲôúŪģ˵ҳԵĺðɣҲûôԵٿţϸһƣܷ·΢΢ǰ㣬һ΢ĵĶӱ˳
;¿ӿˣǲʲôǣ
żмȣһ㶣ʲô°
;۹ϣǵٵˣϬܿ͸Ƶģ￩һ£֪סˣˣ
;һǻʲôʱдʱɣ
һ䣬æС㣡²˵ȥģ
;ԼŮŵҶ֪ߺиʲô⣬ô죿͸ҵôصΣ
ɫ˰ףҲ֪Լôͦƽģ㵽ʱӱסˣԲǨŭ˭ʶҲŲ
Բ塣ĳҲԲסʵû취Ҳûпˣ֮ףҲ
;Ҳǹţֻ¶ЩôȻǴ˵ģǱסϣͲαΪûĺӣô˸һðգʱӱסСģΣգұⲻˣ
ַ͹Ķϣͣ˵ҵĲûƽ壬ҲкӵˣӦΪ˸ĸİɣ
;һ¶סԼСС;ͶʧŮ̾˿ǵʱڣֱĶˣʹһ˸ܲôӵֶΣ
;ɶæȰͰɣ㿴ⶼΣˣҲúõ𣿴˵Ҳ࣬Ҳ˵ˣ⺢ӶˣҲôˡ
;һۣ㵹ǵӴ㲻絽ʱ֪ʰ㣿
һһ٣ֻҪƽƽºӣ˸мһأ
ѽ;εĴ˴ԴµȷʵҲû취ȥҲΪŸ¥ʲô϶¥⣬ܿõһСӣָܰԼأ
õĴסڸʲôҩʳĶţ¥ǰ¥˲˭ԸܼҽֻǾס⺢Ӱɣ
ãĸ첲϶ûµģ
лл塣û뵽;ҲܰЦЦоִ˼֣ʱҲСˣҲˡ
˵¥⣬ʵˣⶼһˣǻûûиţ
;ü£Ķӣ˵ͷˣǱߺʦʱٻأ˲ǵõȾʦҪٵЩʱ䡣
ŵ˵ͷҲãӲˣҲͲ֪ˡ
;еţ΢ɲ̾˿                         


054

űΪ, ϵ£Ҳͻ, һת, ¹ȥ, Ѿ߸£Ҳס, Щ
ϳԷʱ֪ڼˣ, ˣôҲû˰ɣ
;Ӧÿˡ
ȴĵ׷ʣ˵ʲôˣżأԸҿ
˭;ȻһӦ鷿, һԹȥðɣ
ҧſ, ȻƽʱûûΣ˶رҪҲĲ, Թһȥ鷿, ;ӳó, һдģһ¥ġ
˸һ⿴, Ŵһ۾ϳȷʵ¥ıʼдڻδӾ, ǴŻЩʱգǲعչ˺Լ
ŵķЩ, Ȼдţ˵û£ĵˡ
Ҳһգģ鷳
Զڱ¥ӣȴ˵ôɣûбҲˣɣھб
ŶȣŻĿ¥⣺úĵʲôʱ򣿾ʲôɵţ
Ȼأ¥⵭µֻϣʦ׵İɡ
ȷʵǱٻؾˣԭǰʱоȴй¶˾ʧ˲ٱץоˣ˵ϸڣʦǻģǽҲ˽Դ˳͢
ƫƫʱͻڵȻ˵;Ƶģʱڣκйص˶ҪŲ飬㽫˺ͻ
ûʲô£Ȼû£Ǽϸ¥Ҳ֪ǵʲôϾ¹ع£΢ûк̨λɴɱϷŹġ
𣿡ⷽӲ̫ϴμڣҲٵˡ
Ȼǡ¥شûԥ
ΪʲôӲ
йܸʲô¥⵭ǮλȱҲû˭ԸԼĹҳͷأλ˳ȴܵйȥ٣Ī˵ԼйҲδƵԱ˳ŵ𣿡
ǵҲǡӾе֪ĵѵ֪
¥ЦЦٳԶⳡҪӵĶ࣬Ҳ˶׵ģٳϵҲֵңǷʲôˣʲô˵ĵЩȻϣû£û侮ʯ£»Ҳòһƾʵݲܶס֮ˡ
ü£ʲô٣̤ʵ1.0.2.0
¥⽫£ǲļ֪ǻ᲻ᵣģ˵ʵԽԽƵپþסˡ
д˸ǿҵסǵġ˵ô˵ôˣȷʵЩѾͷǧҪԼȫȥǿɰĽ
˽ǹȥһʿӵ
˶һۣ˸ʱʱ仹ǵһμˣҪиˡ
ʿ·µˣһƿӣǿڣʱһϲȻܰȻĻصУǱȻѾȻˣ
ʦ񣬵Ҳ֪زʡ
ڱ֮ǰҪЩóʱȷʵ᣺ɡ
ڶ£˲裺Ϊҵˡ
¥ҡҡͷʦû¾ͺãҲûܵʲôǵЩʱհˡ
ڵ˵ͷЩҶȥˣԺҲ˸͹ȥҶˣƺиƷ
ƣ̫ңʺСá˵¥ǴЦ⣺ҷġ
¥𣿡ɫһ£Ժֳ︡Ǹᣬȴ͸䵭Ůӣϧ
ʦ֪ʲôʱߣѵȲطҲ˷ʱ䡣
ǽͿˡüģƺƣ
ȻȥˣʦϢϢɡǡ
ں˿ڲ裬ӯӯ߳һŮӣģᣬվ磺ʦЪϢɡ
ڵӦһ˸׼ӣȥ˯ɡ
ŮһƲ죺Һ£Χˣֻʶ㡣
ģһţطû˸۸㡣ڿһۣϸ£ģмƣȴȫͬǸŮˣӲôǣĽκȻȻġ
ʱϽʮŮԼʱ򣬲ѡе£һ۾ͿദȴЩڣǸŮˣڿᷳ
¥֣ôоʦЩ֣ѵǻûȫ
ӵҸղųȥʱˣ˵Ҫˣǻϴͻ顣˵ʵּɵģɵѾͷҲˡ

055

¥˸ʿ, ⲻʲôܣʿҲû, ھȹϵ, ϻǺ, 岻󣬱밲, ˻飬ŮԼ, ϻ˱
Ӿͦã˶¥ⶼ, õ, Ҳõˡ
ֶһ죬壬õ֮ʹȥ, ȥǰһ˳Է, ˸Ů, ؾǻϴͻǸˡ
¥Ȿûô⣬̧ͷ, ¥Ȼ£תͷȥӣȻҲŮӿ, ĴáôЩ
ڷ·û˵飬, λơ
ͷЦŸ˾ƣ˱˵ģܿҲ֪ǺûǲãһֱͷȾƣûһЩͷˡ 
Щ룬æӹľƱƿǱ£ʺŮҺϲ
¥лȴڵƵλķˣ˵ܸо¥üмƣ֪¥־Σ
¥⳶˳ʦ̧ˣܸʦȣССˡ
ͷЦŶ¥ôΪ¥ֻɺã
˻һ˶ɫǿһЦʦˡ
ڻӿ֣һ̬ģûУû
¥ޱ飺ʦˣЦܿĳ䲻Ƕǣ˵һ޶ûҳԺˣʦЩЪϢɣ
˵ӾͳȥˣҲæȥûЦ⣬ŻõڣһʱҲû˼ֺãˡ
ڽӷ£һһĻָαˣŮˣ˼ȴһ±ߣ˵ףǾԼŮˣҲǡ
¥ɫѿĻӣûк˵ֻҲ˼ģȻ˭ô˵ϴȥҲ˼ѣѵȻ԰˼
˽ˣ
¥ۣ˭Ů˱˵ǲ
̾˿棺˵ʵϴȥʱҾƳ˼ûʲô£Ϊݱû˵ʲôͻҲûʲôôԾܷģɩû˿˼ģлϴͻ飬Ҳģ
¥ЩӦ˯ɣһͶԼСˣرر롣
һҹ޻ڶ컹ûˣ¥ⶼȥвô磬ʿæǴŻ뿪˾ӣʼظϡ
ȥʱ϶ҪʱҪģû˻ٶȿ죬ҲҪ̫ʲôǵĽų̣ܸ߰ϻȥˡ
˲һ·ԴõĶ罫ͣһߣͣԶЪϢ֣ӳԸ񫣬żŪЩ￾ųԡ
ɽôôûʲôһ˰Ƶ
֣šüůˣ֦ѿˣû̧ͷһȦ˭ûʲôջ
ûаҡҡͷ߰ɣǻȥиɣ
ûҲû취֣Ҳ˵ɸһͷȻԶʮֻôֻһɣӻЩʧҷɣһ¾
ȵȣ֣ڵȵԾ
æվסô֣磿
֣ڳڣΣպϸʮУɽˣ
ʲô˰æò˰ɣǻҲûѽ
ûӡ֣սĵǶĺܣôĳȴû˻ȻѾˣǵȻǸϲֳɵӡӡ
̧ͷ۸ղȺķ򣺡ߣȥ
Ǹȥˣⷽȴ복෴ģ¥ǴʱûʲôһȺΧű߳Զ˵
֣ôû¥˿ˮЩ֡
ʲôˡӷѾҧţɡ
¥⽫ˮڳϣϢĲˣٵȥջûУȥһǡ
һӦǱߣɸûȻ˺Ԥ׵ĵȥĻЩ£ֵܣôˣ
¥￩һ£ˣ
ҲӦ죬æһӣóʼܣȻǰһֻ˵Ķ飬Ŵ󵶣ĿǮ£ߡ
ΣǾǵģôܱɽһ仰ˡ
ƺҲû̸еģһ֣аͱүԼˣֵϣ
¥ⶼûü˵˱Ǿʹһǰ¥ӣǿܣ
¥ͷ֪ûֵķۣӿȥͷӿۣȻҲû׷ζЦЦֵǣֻΪƣɱɱˡ

056

֣Ǽ˷ʱ, ѾǰһĻˣʮٶ, ʱ, ¥Ӳ֪, æȥô£¥үүأ
ϵĲ£żղһ, , ЩǮˣҲûɱ, λүӦҲû¡
֣æǽ⿪, ҩ˸ȥˣ
׷ǲܵģ˵, , ֻҪûô˵, ˳ӡһ·˹ȥ׷˴, Ȼںӱ߷ƥģȴڡ
᲻Ƕˣһ˲²
֣ҡ
˷ɢˣ¥үүû, ɣɤŶͦ󣬱ұ㺰ɰҲûӦ
֣, Ȼߵϵʱ򣬷˵һ壬ϵãӵ֮￩һ£ߣȥ
ֵˣ
֣һࣺǱץˣ
ô죿ֻмʮˣڻˣ˵ǻϰٺ˰ôȣ
ͷؾӣ֣ڳҲ޲ߣȲ˵ܴܲùز죬ҵҲǵĵ̶⡣
ʦǺѣ¶ַǵĵطӽ˷˲Ӧ𣿺οΪ˸;Ƴ£
ǱҲ뿪˰죬ֱӰǿأ֣ڴ˿ӱ޵ĸϻȥʱ˾ӣȻûΪǸߣʶ֪Ǿʦʶˣȥͨһ
֣һ˼ڣ壬һ˻Щ죺ǲ𣿻ж£أ
֣ͨ£ʦ¥үү
һַô£˵
֣ڱ㽫龭˵һ飺طǲ죬ҲȻûǸܾȳǣֻ̾ʦˣεĲУʱҪȥ̽Ҳ뿪ߣ˵һ־ˡ
ɫࣺھפؾȻôķͽģ̾ȥѰȳ˵ģ
лʦڿϹܣ֣ڻ˿˻ţЩͽҪҲûҪЩ£οҪɱɱʬ嶼ûУǲ˵ģΪʲôֻץˣЩ벻ͨˡ
ŰʱڲŷУѾ׼˽˿ܣѾˣٶ
֣ȻȷʵҲûİ취Ĺһϣڶһڳˡ
ЩŻԭصţЩϲڲ鿴һǶˣˣһء
֣ھȵʦҪȥأָ𣿡
ڱ֣Ƭطλܣ죬æҼ˿ܾûģ˵ҲˣһһֲٵĴȥߣΣҲбҪԵ˵
ʦȻٳһǮ֣ھüֱǴˣͷƱҪȳǣ¥ĶˣˣԼⱲӶѰ
ڵͷλ˼䣬żʮ˵ĻԼʮ·
ʱ¥ӲԺѹ¥۵ĲӣãȻĿ˿ܣ񷿣ӣ
Ժѹ˺۵ಱӣĶ
Ӧѡ¥ֻǵ˵ʱ˼أͱʮ˰ΧסǱͲṦ򣬺׵ľͱ˼Ҵˡ
ΪʲôץǣüǮϣӦҲõˣֲҪ˵ץʲôã
¥ҡҡͷ֪оܹ֣˵
һֱţ˵һŴ³װ˾ͳϴҪǣ
˶һۣߣţžȻûЩۣ¥һ£ɽկѲߵģŽ䱸ʮϣȻǸѡ
ߡ˴˾üϸƤģأоԼһֶǣҲ֪ϴôģҪڣҪ޸֮ʲôã
ߵկһȺѵмǰͷߺȾƱָ㣬λ¥ӼǸӦþϴˡ
ϴˡ
Ȼתͷ˿ˣҪҪһ
¥Խ׽͸ˣλ󵱼ңץʲô⣿
λ󵱼Ҷһڣ֪Ǵǳѳģζ൱궼կˣץûж⣬Ҳ˺ǣܼ򵥣ƾͿˡ
¥⣺

057

;鲻, ǰӵ˶ţ˵ʦȫ, ǴŻܻؼ, ӦҲܵ, ǰŵķˡ
ǺϢȻ, ˿;ǵҪʰˡ϶᲻ùŵ, οŶӣֲָͷ, ⲻһѵˡ
һ죺⺢ӲǺúõ𣿿ҰѰչ˵Ķã
ȷʵ˲, ѾȫڲסˣϾ¶ҪˣǰÿǺÿ, ̫, ְַ, ˼Ůζ
Ǻúõġ;ţӵʱѹء
ôһ˵ҲЩ, Ҳ˵ŵĺܺãʱʲô˭Ҳ˵á
żС֣⺢, ûµġ
һۣ󲻴󣿡ʮȷҪǺû, ȻܣҪǳ£϶ġ
ңŸŶӣɫ᣺ӲĺܡȻôܻأִҪºӣҲһԭԼԽô׾ԲŲһѡ 
˵ŻܼҼҴҵĽүʦʦˣ
ʲô;û뵽ڻǸմӳ͢ؾʲôô룬ǸϽȥӭӡ
Ҳ£ҸǲҲˣ
ŸշվĿһۣȻһʱ뵽ĲǾʦˣӺ𣿿ȷʵǱھ޵ˣûϲĳ̶ȣôӵŬû׷Ѱ
ǸߵԺУѾ˽ˣһ۾Ϳţֻ۹ƣ䵽͹Сʱ򣬽ŲһǻڴʱɬȻѾˡ
ʦ;˸ȥ˻ں𣿡
ڻع̾ڻ;ˣ֪ˡ
ʲô˾ɫһ䡣
һףȻоĺӾҶһ£ŶӾͶȥ
ţûü֣ڵۼֿһѷס¥ˣû°ɣ
ҡҡͷȷʵоЩͷ߳˺飺⣬ôˣ
иʲô⣺ʧˣӦûΣգҪѾȥˡ
Ȼط䣡סдȥ
ˣ̥ҩ˵û£̫ŵ̥ǧܴ̼ܼȻӰ캢ӡ
ҲĵĲУǰֻȰοţģʦ˵ûΣվû£µģһ㶼ͼƵģ˭ûҪѽ
ҲټĵôܿƵסˣȥʵô£˵ȻҸĲ¡
ͷѾͷȥǰˣ;;ʦ˵ĬĬһţ˰ô£ֻ;ֵʣȻǲҪˣʲôץˣ
ǰҲ֣ڣûûԹģץʲôã
ҡͷ˵ãû׼ǮΪ۸ߣһʡ
;šüˣֻҪû£Ǯ˵
ڰģǿǱƽʱҲûǻʲô̫£һֻΪǮƣϾҲ̫þӳ
˫ֽĽţ˵Ķ磬ﾹȻǶӵĵģôôѻ죡Ȼ˵ˣһҲµѽҪزˡҪزô죿룬ͻŵʴӡ
һڣŲɤЩ˻ƣۿĲ񻰡
;üͷţ׶ӣôܲģǾ˵ģǻˣ²˵ҲΣա
˿ڲȻʦ˵û£ǾͰĵϢϾӶԸЩ˿ܻûġ
ͷҲڷοԼһµģҪ˵ʲôãһûٿڵ˼ֻŵķ䡣
ſŽȥæʣôˣ
סúţ̥ʦ˵ٸȥأ˿϶ԸΪ˱ѣ϶Ҷʲôģ
Ž֣ԣûµģһƽģ˵Լһ£ͺӶڵҪи⣬ô죿
űۣĸŶӣĬһҪһˣʧȥκһƽѺĵĵһƽƽģͷһỮ۽ʧͷ

058

һ϶û˯, ֪岻Ϊ, ̫, һ뵽¥, ǿľû
ڶһˣû뵽б, ԺźȲ裬æ߹ȥʦ
ڿһ, ɫЩ˵ɡ
Ҳӣʦ, ˵ʵ, ǵ׻᲻£ӱܣܺûҪ֪
, ˿ڲ迴һ, ¥Ҫǻز, ô죿
ֻҪһֿԣ˺ѵ, ۿͨ죬ȴᶨҲزҪǻزˣҾԼźӹ
ɫЩ𾪣, 㻹ôᣬһԼ
ŵ˵ͷǹŴŮ, ʲôƷǾãҪû¥⣬ĶҪˣȻҲȥ˭ˡ 
ֻɬҲôĪģɼÿ£ԴﶼģûȲ¥ģҪǿ࣬һֱΪ谭¥ѣ˵û¥⣬ټޣҲΨпЦˡ
Ųʲô飺ʦ
ڰڰ֣ģûµġ
Ų֪Ϊʲôôƶɵ׷࣬ĳģлʦƽǼҵĶˡ
ڳ˳ȴţ֪Լ˼ǾͲ˰ɣˣѾ˻飬ǲȢˣʱ⣬ǲģû뺦¥˼Ǹ͵ģںˣˡ
˺ŵţˡ
Ӧһ첽
ʱҪߣ;ȥ͵ģһֱڰһҪ˾ȳʱһúøл
ΪĿ˿ĴȻóϴ⣬ûǰգԵģһ˵죬ֻʵڶСѾͷûȤû뵽ȴȫһˣҲˣҶ۾̹ȻĺܣЦЩԼǲǲϲˡ
ûڰ·ֱͣӻ˾ӪΪ֪¥ӻûµġ
ȻկӴ˵կӵϴһӻûõľƣЦЦ⹻ֵǺȲˣ鷳ˣ֮ܵɱ⣬ɽɣ
˶һۣЩ벻ͨʲôҩ⼸óԺúȵźţҲƤӣȫǵ˸ɵģȻôˣļٵģ
ϴûһ֣ôţƭʲôҪҪǵƭͷٶ֣еĲǣ
ǰҪ붯֣ҲˣûҪ˻汻ǵ˸ɽɽ⼸һֱѰľӣʲôˣ
߽ˣһЩ죬ֿĻ񣬾ȵⲻҪҵǽʲô
ǶžҲģǼæȥ˽֣ڣǲˡ
֣˵ҵˣҴҾˣԶԶͿˣ¥үүǣû£
¥ͷأû°ɣ
ûû£֣ˣ첻߲ݵˣ꣬ͷģЩˣô°
¥߸߱ߵЩ˵ȾƣЩƾͷɽˡ
֣һ㶣Ϊ
¥⻹ûأܾò̫ԣ˵Ҳûκ֤ݣû£Ҳôˡ
˸ҵӪǱ߾ʹǸϽնӻȥҲûټȥ¥ӵȻҲû˼ô࣬Ϣ˼֪ʲôǹƼ
û˳Ӻô໤ˣϸȥջһϣڶֱ·Ҳܵ
⼸Ҳһֱѹڱ֤ͦãˣбϲŭ޳ģ˭֪ץ˵׸ʲôǻû֪ͨ¥ˣҪȻӷǵÿصĲɣҲӰ첻ʲô׼֪ͨ
⼸¾ǳ飬̫Щʲôﲻˣػһأǲڤڤ֮ʲôڣֻô룬ҲֻܿԼҲƽ¡
һõҲ췢û¾ȥӷţǰֳܣֹһεĻǾ仰Ҫƽ޸ӵǰҪƽ޸ʲôУ
췹Ҳ壬ŶûʲôθڣźӣǿԵ㣬շ¿ӣܼҾϲĺүλүˣ
Ųվһתͷ¥ӡ                         


059

⣡ϲ, ˶ӴţСų˹ȥ, ¥һʱּ, Ҳ˲ñڳ, ſ˫ֽ˸
˸ձ̾Ͳ, ˳һԲĹĵĶӲضزס, ¥۾˫ֿסļӻק, ͷһ, ܲ
ô£¥üͷһ˲˲Ķš
£㿴
¥һĲţôܣ, Կȥģ, 㲻𣿡, ѵʲô⣿
ûСҲûҲ, ҲãѾû취ˣ£ҺȵǱ̥ҩ
¥۵, ƴЩζ֪ڿ, ֣û˰ɣ⼸ˡ
¥ҧҧӣлҲ¶С£ϵİΣֶϲܾ赭дҹȥﴮͨģҩϰģô˰̥ҩ
ûСʵʵĽҲҴӣ͵ҩ
Ѫ
Ѫ
¥ȭͷţδ켷֣ţҪҵ
ۿһºˣҡҡͷûУӣû취ô
¥˻ƣûУ˵ĻˣҪи⣬ô죿
ŵͷµĺӣҲ˲ùӣæԲ磬̥ͦõģҲ˵
û˵꣬¥תͷͰ
¥⻹ûô׹ˣһѱס¥侲ҲܶɩУЩҲǾľġ
קӣ¶ûϵæģǻط˵
¥ȴקˣһûѾͦҵˣתͷȥӣȴײε˵㵨Ӷ󣿶ɩʲô£Ժôദ
̾ⲻΪҾ㲻ﰢţԼҲ뾡취ºӵģҲûô࣬չ˵ĸá
Ȼǣ֣Ȼطˡ
;ûҲͷˣҲûʲôɿģڰָϽȥٸˡ
˽ݾ͹ţǵ˱ݹȥҲӣɫû˿ͣΣһô󵨵ģôϣ¥һˤȥæ§סȴǰ˵
Ǻӻ㲻ˣ
¥̲סҲк𣿿Ҳûĺӣ
˵Ŀ£ʵҴΪҵ˵Ҳûôգ㿴߸ˣ⺢ӹԵĺܣ̥ûܹ¶٣ථ£ǲǣ
¥˱ۣĶϣһأʲôһϱ
ʲô⣿һˣϣ׼Ȣ檣²£
¥֣˵ĻҶˡ
̾û뵽һ¥ôִҲΪĬ˻⣬֪ΪʲôһҪ𣿡
¥̧ۣΪĺӣҪ
Ȼŵͷֹ
¥˿ʵǺ£һֱǾģûڹҲԼһΣûʸָֻ³⡣
˼ˣε˵˵
ǵʮʱǷŵ𣿡ŵʱдԸǣһĺӣһһһú۰úýҸĺӡ
¥һһµĸĶӣĸо·иӦһ㣬رڿ죬Ѫ˵ǻкӵģֻ꣬ԸҲһʵֵġ
˵ϸĻСѾˣô˵ѾˣȼûʲôϸˣԺ¥ˣȻԺǵĺҲܸһûе׽ÿԷġ
ҡҡͷĿ⣬㰮𣿡
⻹ŵһ⣬˵ĸʵѾȷˣϻ඼˵ֻֻ£ԥģȻ㡣
ҵŵ㡣
¥ⲻ⻰˼ܿ϶ĵͷֻںǰţҵϱҪ
˿ҲǹʵҲȼҵˡ                          


060

Ǳģ¥һӦ, Ҫô룬Ǿ˵ͨ, ѹôôƫ, ͸һ
ҡҡͷ, Ҳѹô룬һŴ, ô뵽ԽЩҪ, ¿ٶС˵˸˵ǲŵġ
, ͻȻĬ, ¥ԥȻԼô, ԼɣϾŴ˶ٶЩŵġ
ʲô¥˵ӲҪ, Σ, ־û뿪ŵĶӣһֱظš
Ǿ, ôõĸ鲻ǼٵģԼ۹⣺Ҳˣ׼ȷ˵, Ҳţ
¥ϵĶס̧ۿ˿ɻ󣺡˵ʲô
ŴԼĿڣ, ˣѾˣǸ꣬ҲԵǼˣҵǸ˺󣬽塣
һĽͺ󣬿¥Դ𾪵ɫ㲻ǲǣ
¥ȷʵеԽܣ£㣬ôܣ
źĵȥӦ֪ˣС岻ãٳţӺСûٱ۸ԲˣҪˣԲҷϺٻߣű˸һֶʶġ
¥üֲҽ̵𣿡
ҡͷûѧĿдҲܿǸ磬ʮ飬æԺͺٽ˰ɣܹʶӦҲһ֡
óһμǣóԼдֿڵʫЩȫʶҲǣұͻĶйƣ𻨾ƣȫǸѾ˵Ķ
¥⿴дĺʫ˵ȷʵǳѧ£ԼҲֹѧϰ츳ԼõģˣҲ˵ǻ˸Ŀס
ſ֪º֣ţ룬ƭʲôظһЩ˵ҵħյǷ˲űֹúõĹӣһҲ֪ҵݡ
¥šüǰ˭û»ԼףûκκôȻ𾪣ȴһĿʼţΪӼ޸Լ󣬾͸ǿеһʱҲɻԽԽϲû1020
Ầ𣿡ż˵ﻹЩŵġ
¥ΪʲôҪң㲻˵Ҳ뵽
ΪҷžµС棺˽㣬Ҳ㣬ԲŰĵ׵ģܸ㡣
¥ﲻν𶯣ĦӸҳǸ˾Բԣ
ŵͷǳǰһ죬Ϊ˹ȣ˲ˡ
¥ץȥǾͺá
ڷģЦ˵ĺܣô׾ͳ¡
¥ɫȴԽϷ£ô֪һ£Ȼֻȥĵطֵ˱磬Ҳ˲ôģ
ҧҧȻرųϣʵҵ裬ϣͺСû׾ͱҰȻң֮ľһֱңҵҰС裬ΪҲˣҸնʮ꣬˯ʱӵѩɽ϶ˡ
¥ԽԽľ֣㺦ģ
ŵ˵ͷػһأôҲˣ˵ұҲǲס
¥ϸϸĻճ׵ʱǵúʱر䣬ǳϲѩ죬ѩŲţ˵λҲһ룬ȫ˵ͨˡ
¥ܣ۵һѽỺıȥˣЩ˭Ҳ˺㣡
ŵͷһֱãطΪģҵľ꣬ЩҶҪĲˣҲںˣֻҪ͹
¥һţ̾µӲҪҲҪˣΣҶ£ӡǾס
˿ЦҾǵĺӵõõİҪһҺܲңһҲ㻹ˣҲĻᶼ⺢ӣһ׵ˡ
¥ˣΪʲôôִƫҪӣپڴˣĳһ϶رҸһô
˵˺ð죬һж˵ˣ֪һĳüһľ͵ˡ
˰죬ʵ̲סˣҲǸģһѽߣѾͷƽһҲǲǣ                         


061

ãȻתͷȥô᣿
˼, 㲻ο·ݶôˣҲ, 㻹ʲôĵԼɣ
ü, һҲ, 綥ҲܰѰô, ̾粻ɣ
϶ġӵģ, Ҳǳ𡣡
ŷģǾͺã˸ղš
Ӷܿ𣿡
Ӧһ, æô°ôᱻץߵģǾʦǾȳûˣ
ھͲ, ҺðΣӳġ
֮ǰǵĵҪҪ˺úõǰˣͿʼ棺˵˵, ǲرײУôܳģ
˿Я޿, Ҫ, ҺǲǼ˵Ϣ, ˾Ͱ˹ڲ񷿣Բȣ, ˲һ˸һͷ
۾գôôɵҪǮҪֻҪǮĻǾͺˣ϶Ǯǵİ
㶮ʲôбһۣҺˣǮǾӴȥ޻, ǵǣ֣ڿ϶ȥҾӣʱҪôˣҪʲôǮǣǾʨӴ󿪿ڣǼҵļҲûһοǴΣô죿
оﲻԣ˵ﲻԣ˰֣Ȼأôӳģ
ӼüȥˣǸͷûˣöûʲôЧǶֱƹ
죬æȥӣû°ɣû˰ɣ
ûСӵҲǺʶʱģ̽ĵ߰ˣԼ忪Ц͸Ը˵ǵúóԺúȹţǳԱú˯һ˵
šýζȻأ
Ȼ󣿡룺Ȼǳڵʱɽˡ
úе̫ˣû׷𣿡
׷ˣɽɴĺܣɽֶ࣬˵ѾͰˣǾҲǧѲС
̫̾ˣЩ˿Ҫˡ
˭˵أӣǿŹرһ⣬˵׼ˡ
˵ЩھˣҵʱǺ˵˵ģҲΪСģ˭֪ˡ
ôӶĿЦдż档
һԼ֮ǰΪƽԼͼ޸뷨ʱûʲôˣƽʲôֹ˺УôҲݡ
Ӽģڴֱ۳вУ
Ǻһ£׺ˣʲôֽա
̾ҵʱţɣɾ᲻㣬Ҫˣ϶Ҫޣðƴƴܳġ
һ˵ͺ£ۿһֺˣԥ£߹ȥסҪĲ㣡
ӱ˱ۣ˻üˣСѾͷѽ
˱һȲ˼ˣƿ۲ۣϢɣȥ硣
ӶߵſڵʱȻˣ˵ʦͻˣ˶þҪס
£𣿡
ӾĿɫûԼеô𾪺ѹȻȥɣ
ȥӵʱ¥պóŸûĿһۣҹأ
ĸ첲Ҵ˶磬ҲˣԭҰɣ
¥˵ô£ףҪǰִҪºӣ˴ţٸ´οĵ㣡
һüЦұ֤ûûˣˣҪ𣿡
¥ͷһ߾ĸ£϶ҲˣҺͰȥ̿ȥ
ͷųˣȥĸ첲ǧҪúţҪҪǴɩ㣬ͻס
Ц֣ЩˣȺӳһúТ˳ùá
ٺһЦЩ᲻ãָ˺ЩĳԵĺҩŰݡ
ֱȥ˾̣¥ҲüûˣůˣӭͣҲժˣһ¥Ϳˣɫһϲ⣬ˣ
¥æһתͷܣˣ
¥Цŵ˵ͷû£ǲˡ
硣ŽתͷҪ˵ȴԼͬĵͷĶӡ                         


062

, 㡭¥Ķӣǵ, û
¥ⲻ˵ѾͷҰѺ, ⲻ˼£
¥֪˵ʲô, ȥš϶ĺûȻǸ˵ģɶϱ岻ŵ治, ¥Сô£˵Ҫ
¥Цû취Ҳ, Ҫ⺢ӣ·ݴ, ֻܵˡ
¥̾˿û뵽⺢ôִ, ǿɶעŵ㣬ǧ⡣
¥ӦˣЪ, Żû, ȥ˺Щ, иԵõģ֮ǰ, û׼
ͻ£û¥˵Ѿƽ, ˵Ҳͽġ
ϻȥʱҲ֪ӽæܹ´¥⣺ɻˣôôã㿴ˡ
һԵڹע⵽, 㵵ã㣬ֻˣ
ɶɻ¥һһ¿Ķӣ۾Ͱ͵ģ⣬ô£ˣ
Ǹ¥£ҸҩˣһļѪƭңԼȥ˼£ⲻӶ߸ˡ
϶źĿ˰죺ϱûӣ
ûСŸŶӣ᲻á
һʱ־ϲǣҸóԵȥǲ֪׼ķ˲ֻ֪УϾԼǰǴˣΪ¥ҵĺӣԼ嶼ˣúúø
ôòˣڹǵҲȥ˺ܾһڹԥʣԵ𣿡
ã˵ͦȶģһֱûʲô⣬˳ĿҲܶࡣ
ڹͷԺҶиõģǧʲô⡣
Ŀһۣ黹ͦϵģڷܣúദȻҲֵļͷǾͷɩˡ
ϵǲ鷳ָ㣬¥ˣθҲãûٳԣϿҲģãΪûˣ˭ϱˣҲҪкѽ
극ϴ裬ԽԽȣϴͲϻԸˮ¥˼Ͱݣȥ˺ͳˣڻУ̫á
˱ѣ¥ȥϴǷ糾ͣϴ˺ð죬ݵʱû˯һȥͽ§˻ţû
һԼ˯˺ü£ȻͺһԼܺú˯һζľˡ
¥Ȿ밲ֵַıһɴпʼԼȻа궼ûԼСˣⰤô嶼ԼƵġ
ܿž͸оı仯һ죬ʲô
ûʲô¥ƣҲҿư̫ˣںܡ
̵ĲУɣһС
¥ѾʼʵˣĶ䣺ʹ򣬳ǰºͿ£ʱСĵûġ
Ÿо̵Ĵ·ϵҧŴֲֻУôûȻҲеĺܣǾñʤ»飬ɴҲˣǣСĵ㡣
á׼¥ʱ˾ס죬˫§ĲӣӦ
ǵĹѾʣ¥ַؿڣ֮ǰܸо޵ζˣ˲٣ֻУָиˣġ
оˣ¥ĽԼͦ룬СĵһΣҪһεʱŸͺ⣬Щ񫣬Ҳᡣ
͵ҧᴭокӸˣΪ¥Сģͦã¥Ҳٶ̰֮ͷ˰ɣ˯ɡ
ŻоڸԼĶӣ⣬кŮ
¥ŮãֻҪƽС
ЦЦҲôģÿҪһСһֽڴͿʼ֣ŮĶҪ롣
ڰп壬¥ⶼ뵽Ҹı飬ǶڴӰ¥ȻѾЭˣҲû취ģĲûɢȥֱĽ˼֣СŮŮһµģˣ˯
䴽ܲȥ𣿡
ãöԡ¥ⱾλҲȥˣ;Ǳʱ˵ʦүˣֱȥˡ 


063

¥ڼŴ˼, Ǳ߾Ŷ¥ȥ, سǲ, 紾, ʵӲǺܶ࣬󰸾͸, ǰݣÿܸ
ŶԽ, ܣΧת, ʮܵ, ڹҲͦչˣġ
ſϸˣһڿϻؼ, ô, Ǵ, ⻹ǵһ
죬ϸ˵ĲУȥ, š֪רŵģԽ˳ۣʵǰҲΪӶ, ʲôԲˣҲûʲôԹˡ
ôһȲȥŵĶӣû㣿
Ÿ˱ЦԽԽƵˣǲۡź̥, ĸоһ쳤ڸ 
ڴǴһͿʼչˣģͺԼǻһⲻŰҲǵĲУпվԼˣˣû֣
ˡЦŴӳóһֽд˺ö֣кŮĶУȫǼ¥ġ
ӹ˿ҶȻƷλˡ
ָָǴкͽ¥ŮĻͽ¥ô
¥¥ƷƷ
һЦַڶϣĶǶӵڴһˣԼĺӿ϶ڱгġ 
ˣôû壿ÿ¥⣬˵ͦõģ⻹Щġ
ҵ޲ڡٺһЦ˵֮ǰǸʦүʡĶˣҶţʲôཻҶ绹Щ۷ģ˵ҪٹˣҶ綥أ
űһ⻹ܶ𣿡
Ȼܰȿڲ裺ҵٻأֻҪҶڱãɼͺð죬ҵ֪ϵҲʱͨһ²ġ
Żǲ⣺Ǿ㶥ҲӦӰɣ 
Ժһˣôʲôҵʶģ˵ˣҸǵٵϣȫûȤⱲҲ͵ˡ˵⻰ʱһֱЦ
ſߣչȥ㲻Ǹһ˰ɣ
һ죺ûаϹ˵
Ŷǹˣʲô׵ģûʽһ𣬳һ˶˵ˣҲǳˡ
ЦЦΪ˵ģʦǲһ·ˣӿɿרһôһٺòˡ
⿴˿ʵɩû㲻ʹ죿
ҡͷͣˣǰҲΪ˾ڶˣȻûʲôڵˡڹ˻ȼĸŮôûȣô֪ܣϴε¹ԼҲö¥ŵǲġ
˵ھɺˡ֪ܳţҸ˵ԴŪǸƿ֮󣬾رܻӭϴҶ֪˾ӾȻ¥Ҿ̺ÿ϶ж֮Щ¥Ҳ໨ǮҲʼ¥ҹƣҿò˶ã̾͵ģˡ
Ǻ¡Էʱȷ¥˵˾ˣõɵķֺ죬Ϊʡµ㣬һᣬǻûյȻ̫ǾһʷͷȻԣ˲٣
žһӶ˳ϣϱû˼ӣҪһҲߣҲû̫ҰģȺƽıˡ
ԷʱһвˣҪ˾ͶóԵġ
ڸ¥ҸĸĹϵѾͶˣ˵׽ദûôˣ̧ͷ̫ԶˣûаᵽĴ𣿡
ᵽһ٣ûûӣסҲ
԰еó˿⣺﷿Ӻã֣Ǹʲô㣬ĸˣÿ챾ۣôԶ·˷ʱ䣬ãȥæҲ㡣
ôһ˵ϻЩԥû˵ҲûôһҲԣַʱҲۣʡʱ䣬ҲܶϢϢ
ķȻ˵㣬ôĻǰʱƵǱǮҲ𣬷ھ̵ԽԽãҲΪƷ
ͼһ¡ԽԽĶ˭֪סŸ˭ﰡ֮ǰ޷ΪûǸѡ
ЦЦҪǰȥˣԼ͸ˡ                         


064

ϼ˶ʱ, Ͼ͸Ͻ¶Ҿ˵ͦԵ, ⲻһ, Ҳ긴һô, ǰᵽ﷽㡣
Ҫ˵ôرҲкöˣסŶϤ, ׵ĹϵҲ¥ܿÿ, ҲΪ룺ʲô뷨
ᡣû뵽¥˵ϢģҲܲÿȥҳԷ, ҵʱĽ, ﻹܸϿȺҾͦõġ
ҲС¥ԶæѧҲϢ, Ҫǰȥ, 绹˯һأ
¥˵ͷҹҪԺ, ôҲʮԶûǮ, ˶٣ʣµǾ̯𣿡
¥¥ⶼҡͷ, ܰȥǺ£û˭Ըģ¶ܿö, ȥҷӾͰߡ
˯ʱ¥ⱧһһȻҪˣϻȥˣұŶҲ졣
ԭ㻹Żûǵ
¾Ϳˣ¥㣬µʱиʲôԼߣҪҪ쵽ӵʱЩӵļ١
һЦҲãܼ֤ӵĳ
¥ĳȥһֱֹ۵ĺܣ˵úҪ¥ҲԼĳȾ
ĬһȻʲôƵģȥ̵ʱ֣ڸ˵˼¡
̧ͷġ
þûȥ˻֪ɣͷŰæ¥Цһ˭ûעʱ˾Ȼˡ
ŷӦ£С֣ڣ
¥֣ûס˵أȢ
ʲô˵ʵͦ˵ģ֣Ƕ˽⣬̤ʵϸƢãǸסģȾҪܸȾĸԺ϶ܲίҲûðȥȼѽ
Ⱦֽˡ¥ҲǴ֣ڿ֪ģǿȾԽԽ޸ˣͲͬ⣬Ը˸˼ңȾֲԸ⣬š
һüΪʲôͬ⣿ֲ֣ҲƸİɣ
ǾȾһԽԽѿˣҪǼ޸ߵˣԺҲǲܲˡ
᣺ôˣܵΪŮҸɣ
ϵȾ޸¥ԶΪȾʱ򻹸ףǵĻ޵¥ҿ϶ܰңԴ˷ݹܳԹסģͺٻˣĹǮԼţ᲻øȻͲˣ޸Լŵ˼ңôܹס㡣
ĸ֮ý֮ԣȾҲľͲܼҲڷⲻ֣ڲűﲻסҡ
ô죿üҲܾôЭ˰ɣ
¥ЦһҪ˵ҲףҸ֣ڳ˸⣬ͿȾҲˡ
źʲô㲻˼նɣ췹ִǼֲˣŹϣǹңȷʵҪܴġ
¥ָһţʲôأô𣿡
ĬĬ룬пܣʵʲô
з϶ҪȼܶģʱֻҪ͸¶һ֣ڵĹϵҪʱҲΪѾ˵ʲôû˼Ȣġ¥ͷʱǼһܻĴԺ˼Ҷѡ
ô˳𣿡Щɡ
ҵˣ¥⳶˳ǲ׽Ӱ£ͱǴĸһ˭ҶԸù޹Ϊ˭һûûΣ
һҲǣ͹˹Ŵķ⽨ͶԹҵĿ̣ȷʵȾһŴŮԼɢñδɻ͸˹Ҫġ
Ѿ˵ˣôͿԼˡ¥⽫ϨˣҪǿȷʵ˲٣Ҷùܡ
ѽǲҲð֣ڲǣ㻹󣬶ʮüˣҸŮ˹ӰڵǶȾĹ˲٣ϣҵԼҸġ
¥Ҳһ˵֣ھȹȻܲܡ
֣ҲȷʵȥӵȾ¥һ˵û뵽Ⱦһ㶼ûԥҾУû˻ȥˣǾһˡ
֣ڻ΢΢Ծ㲻˼ұ𣿡ɱˣܲ
֪ҽСĴ԰ɣʱҲǴķзô˹罺Ҹأ˭Ҳûܱô˵Ⱦ̧ͷЦԼģʲôϵ
֣ڿĵЦס֣ԣأ£                         


065

ֻ, ¥˵Һˣð, Щ, ϷҪȥ˵, ϲ̵Ķ, һҳʮӡ
¥⽫ûһ˱㿪ʼ׼, Χھ˵˶ƣҪȥѽ
ϱϷŶЦأӶ, ԺҪȥ, ȥ
˶ĽѽǸøģ㿴Ǿô, Сӻ, ڶҲ, ϲŰ
ϸЦĿˣãá
ʱҲŸ, Ƽ˿ôʱûϲˣ϶ҵĳÿÿžǸиġ
æӹĶ˭ɻ, ȥžУɱˡ
ǸһЦճǻ, ǱԹϱⲻǲеģڸһĹš
ʰһ磬ǿһˣܶණ¥ⶼˣļҾ߶ܾˣķҾߣ˵Ǯ¡
ŵλϵ棬¥ߵԽиʲô⡣
ò׵ŻǸϽе۵ģ·ݴӾǲˣڹû°ɣ
áſǰԺӣ¥˴ţŽȥԺӱ¥ҴǸҪһָɾԺﻹһù³ӿҲûݡ
ӿ϶ҪסϷģû뵽ڹӿ˿ãסɣһ㣬̫Ҳá
Žȥ˿Ȼ֮ǰǸҪܶ࣬ȫԷֳ䣬洲Ҳ󣬹ӼҾһӦȫЩ˼ˣǰԺӴɩǾסġ
ڹһЦǼˣҲ˵øӸԼ˯ˣ˯˲ͱˡ
űҲ˺⣺ллɩˡ
һ߿油ĺãҲʹ죺ʰɣȥЪȥ
ȷʵЩȽԼĴ̺Сһû˯һ˾˯˹ȥ
ʱ춼ˣжһۣͿ¥ʰǷĶ࣬ⶼʰĲˡ
⡣ŷŴ
¥æ߹ô𣿡
áüģˡһĶٷϻһСսӯ͸ˣӿ϶Ҳĺá
¥ЬԽ㣺ղźʹɩȥˣӦÿˣϴ
*
һһ˲ѼҶʰˣָɾֳ˭ã߰¼ҶҪͳԷȼҵģʶ˶ֵĳԸ
˿϶ҪģȻǾ̵ļˣھ̳֣ڶˣȻȾҲżȥ¥ҿţϼòɣǸͽ㣬Ҳų⡣
Դ֪˵Ĺϵ⻹ǵһͬʱˣ֮ǰûãôһԶˣʱʱ˵ƮԷȥˣҲˣƭˣȾֳ֣ݵԲˡ
㡣ȾЦе˵˿Ķӣôˣж
һ¡ϰߵķڶϣ˵ˣ
һ˵Ⱦ죺ͬ⣬ҼǼˣҳˣȵʱҾ˵Ŀŵ㣬ǸҪ
ԼС
Ⱦ˵˻æˣϽȥæ˶࣬ҪӲˣҪæ
֣Ҳȥ¥죬Դھ̺Ҳÿܼһ棬æ˵˼䣬˻û֣ԥ¥үмвУҪΪѵĻ͵û
¥̵ģԵ˵ա
֣ڸŴ˸кҲھȻæҲˣҾæùģس¥ү²£ˣҲеס
¥ü£ʲô죿
֣ڵͷϾҾǸˣϻԣҪ¥үȵģʱ϶һֱµġ
¥룺Ҫˣҵǿ֣ڵı֪ģʱܻͷԼҪҲ㡣
֣æҪǲ¥үҲҪΪѡ
ûµġŰοǸϧŵˣֻҪʾͻġҲ¥Ȼõ˴Ĳɵʱ̫̣Ҳ˵ȫһģԺ֣Լ÷ˣŵ㵱ȻǺõġ 


066

Ӹ, ˲УǴСų, , Ҳ᲻, š
һ˵ЦһԺ, оرãܰ, ϱе壬һˡ
˵ʱ, ;, ԺŮһһ
ѾĴ, øŮǺ, ͻһ, һƿɲˣ۾ģҲ̫ú˰, һ㶼̺
ҲҺȣ˵¥ⶢ, Ͼһ㶼մֻЩ嵭Ĳ˳ԡ
źȵĻ¥;ƾ֣, ;֣ӡͦģʱԩٸͨûܣҲҪ֤Լףͦ͹ֱһˣҼȻ¥⿪ڣҲûӣӦˡ
Ⱦֱ˶;ͷʱһɣҲ¶Ц֣ҲǹٸˣͲʹ㻹ǿ
һٷԵıɢʱҡεվˣƸպȾþƾ󣬺Ż㣬˸оԼر󣬲֪һһѵĺ˲٣Ⱥ˾κˡ
εİ뱧һûעȶˣ¥кϽ˻ȥˡ
Ҳʵϣͨ죬Ҳ֪ʲô;һεѾͷԼҲûִ硣
ӿЦû£ȥӴ˯һͺˡ
ķԶ˸ֵĸˣӲ֣٣һ
ʲôӰ첲ȥط˯ȥ
ţЦ̧ͷ۾ʣҪңϣŶҿչģ
ӷʲô˵˵Ǻӹùã
Ҳ̧һ·˵һ·ͻԷЬ˰ڴϣҪסһקԺӣ
ԣҡͨԣ˯
ȡ촽̧ʪۺĿ㣬ϲң
ȻġӸɴҲˣŸ˵ôһ룬Ѿͷٺ˵ƺԣⲻǸѵõĻ˳߸磬ϲ𣿡
ҧ´ЩãȻĸ㰡
æս˵
ʵҲ֪ķ紵ӶȴӲ֪ǸǸЦߣûʹ˵ϲ
ӲģǣҪѡһˣѡ˭
ԺģǷǳŬ⣬ԺԲ˼ˣ͵ҡҡͷͷǣǻɣ
Ӽֱܳ˵ģ
СԴǿˣų⡣
һ£տʼԼĶܣѾöˣˣѾһѡ˲ǣ
ӻ⣬СԴˣ˯ˡ
˭֪ȴһ˯ⶼûУȻҲ̸ˣƷ裬Ǻö֢һʵקǲ֣ңºڣ
ҿ˿Ҹ˯ԡСһ
ҪʲôȥһּˣҪǸŮȥǲǣ
ɵˣоҪʲôŮˣ˭˵ģ
֪ãȻһѹסĲӣ㲻ߡ
յļдŵľζԼȻûٺȣ̸⣬ʹ󣬵˿ȴԼҲЩ⣬ڸԣſ
ҪˣһʹͰһȣֱӱ˴ϣĴƫеӵĶϣȵģһ飬סˡ
ӺɤЩƣ֣Ȼҿɲˡ
ѹŲͣŤ˺һ¹εСţһ£ʵ̲סˣͷӡ͡
۾ȻԺţһαףǵûƿͷ
··ˡһɫһһֽ§ԼҪڲƿңɱˣȢ㣬ţ
Ҳ֪ûҲܸоղǸǸоקһסੲݵͣҪڻסͲǸˣΪ˿ıݣĹԵء
źѾͷ˰ûпүҲµˣϲĹϵѾˣѾͷһۣЦˣҪϲ°ˡ                         


067

ڶһ, ͸оԴۣѵķ˸, ̾;Աߵ, ü, оﻬĴУʱ˹
żֻ, ȻȣɱϾǺ, Լмֳ֮Σ
ԺӦһ̧ͷӣʲôʱӣôҴϣôû·㵵ĵʲôûе, ܿ, ʶԼҲûһ±ƵĿӣЩš
Ѿչز, ҲûʲôŤ, Ŀɿڴ½·, ŽԼͷ·, ˵
*
һ¥˾Ͷæȥˣ϶ÿȥ̰æ, о·ݴˣտ, ڹӺţ緹ճ꣬Ժżٵı˼£ţ
ȥŲôʲôȻû˯
죬ǺģûƵģһץסŵֱۣûˣ
ûףôǣ
ӣһŭ죬ȴֲ֪ô˵˰죬ĳһ䣺ӾǸ쵰ޣ
žĿûôصĻ˵ģôˣ
ߺŲӲ˵ôһ̧ͷſϼǳһĺ㣬£Ȼʲôˣ
һ˵ˣǸ쵰Ȼ֮ΣҶʲô֪ˣȻȻ˵ȥ
æ˱裺𼱣侲㣬ǲҲȶˣ
ȶƨһһ֪ģǹģ
ô˵ģʣҾ˰ôˣҲûǿȹǲǣôͻȻô
ҧŴЩ˼˵˵ұ֣˵˵ֱǺ˵˵ô£
ǣˣĶǵʲôҪôҲᷢǲǣ
ɣҾǾҲģ˵ʹˣҪǼ޸˭˵޸ޣ
ھ˰ɣںú룬Ҫˣ˭ʵһıˣû˺ӣǱصĹŴŮԣһȻԼͷ£ȻǺѽܵģȫ̾ߣĵû
һҲ޸
㻹ܼ޸˭ѽɵЦӶ˼ˣԹŴ˵ķ⽨ŮҲƸˣ޸ˣҲ䣬οӲδؾ޸ˡ
ϥǣұûõģ£ҿô죿ˣ
侲侲úøԼʱ롣֣˵˵˺ãˣûзϵǶǳˡ
ϣ;Ӿͳ˶ˣҪ˵£Ȼڵ£ֻϻ¥ңӲȢ
¥˵ҪһĲţϸ磬˵ĿģĻ¥գ
;˿ڲ裺ѵרһ棿
Ҳǣǲ֪Ӹ£һɻ󣬿;Դ谮ĺܣôðŮأ
ʣĸʵһֱ졭ҲҵˣҪȢΪޣǾͱ뿪
ɶϾ㵵ĿӣǣԸ𣿡Ҫ˵Ů޸ӣǿûʲôģۼģûʲôģҪԸ⣬Ȼϵ࣬ϾǸҸ׵ġ
ģһȰģ˵ϻҲСԼƢһûԼЩΣԼ˾ͺˣȢȷʵɵġ
ãáϼĲУǾˡ
¥ջ֪ôأ˾ƺˡ
¥ɫһƳһۣӲĿתͷͼ¥ôƣʱһǸĳ˹֣¥˵ûû⻹ûףͳԺʱҪǺܲͬġ
˹鲻ˣѾˣҲûʲôİ취ֻҪԸ⣬ܻ¥Ҳϲһ׮̸ˣ˷¥̾ӱӵסţḧĶҥԾͲˡ
£֣֪Ҳġ
¥ɫ⣬ҲԸκڱָ㡣һůʲôҪ仰͹ˡ

068

ʵҲǵʱԽ, 侲˵, һ, Լ, ӵĸ飬ԺĴ, ķ֣ܾʱ˵һ, ܽܣȫų⡣
ӵڰ˴ʱ, , ɿˣʲôʱȥ
ĶһʱûӦ
¥Ұĵһۡ
ӵˣСĵȥǣ֣Ҳֻ˺, û, ӳ׷, ĵϲÿ˳ȥھȥҵ, ԽԽã
;صʮ꣬û˲֪һһŮ׻¡һЩ, ֪ԽԽãһ̶ɴͳϯһ, ʱ˱Ȼ࣬һ¶Ҳͳȥˡ
ΪѾϵˣ˭֪᲻ɻУǳ̫ӶԲᱻۣԿη;û˸ǰҲ֮ͣǰ¥¾֪ˡ
ʼﱸ׵ˣȫؿƿֱдӺ¥֣˸׵ģôͻȻȻҪˣܶ˿ʼ¥˭ɸûҵôˡ
ȻôҲû˻뵽ϣϾǰʵʵģΪ;Ůû˭뵽棬;ԭҲҪǰȴܽͣʱ֪ᴫʲôʱҥҲס
ĻѾͨٸ¥ҼϣȻѾϻŮǰȻǲסżҵģ͵ʰЩõס¥ңûҪȥôûá
û뵽ԼŮܴԼޣʱʲô˲ϣҲȥˣļ¼ױ¥ȻȲҸ㣬Ҳ֪ܼױ٣ҲܿС赽ҲŮԼҵ棬ļ޳ȥ
ӾͶʮֵĺܣֻҪͷЩ˶ˣܶѹûʲôҲյΪܳȫ֪;⡣
죬һͱ´磬ĽΣ¥ҷ޳Ҳ˵ˣϿŸԼûŮҪ޻ȥˣֹֹס
֮̾ǰһֱԹǣʵԽ˺Խǵѡ񣬺οСֺãףǰԼģվǾԼ죬ȫ¡
˹£Ůл֮
뿪¥Һһκ¥˶̲סۿģŷúӣĺŮԺʲôܸ˵Ҳκίˡ
ϸ̲ס˰죬۾Ķ˾ȥҲᾭܻġ
źܵ㣬˲᣺С
ʱˣ˸ͷ¥ųţ̧Žףܶ˺ĸļҵĹ¥ǰͣµʱ˶ˣԽԽãҲ٣û˵¥иŮŸͷ˭Ҳ˭
һϯǲзŮһģ⣬Ҫףһ죬¥ҲϽȥΪҪƽ֣ûǵ硣 
ŶԽˣѾһ£¥ⵣ壬ǰʲôףȥô˶ĵطģɱϾĴӣ˹ϵֺãִҪȥ¥ֻܴ粽ĸ
ǵһ׶ŴĻԾıܿӵȺ¥ԶԶĿš
ǣ֣裬˵ע£أλŵ¥Ϻ;
ݹغ󣬾Ӧ붴Ȼϯдˣ;ȴվһرݣҲӣ¥¥ҵŮСʱʱ߶žۣѾϻ¥ңȻˣԺҵĶϱ
һȺ㶣ʱ˾ȵĺϲ£죬˽ȻҲвٴ˸Ͻǰϲ¥ϻŮҵ˶ϱ
죬ȴû˻ʵԣϾ˭񾭲һαݣó׵
ݵĻҺǱ侲ﱻͽ½ϯȻСۣϾͦͻȻģ;ˣֻҪݣ˭˵ʲô
ֵϯֵЩŲסˣ¥кȻ˼ңһֱЦԼںһҵԼĹޣҲͦҸһ¡                         

069

û, Ⱦţɫ԰, , һôˣ
Ⱦ޵ĸγ, ˵㣬Ϊ, Ϊʹһңһֱұȶ, ɲģͲǣǲںϲ˭, ҵҸ, ֻںܸӣ 
̾ëšˮģ
㡣Ⱦ޵Ĵɣһ߿, ûһ, ûһ𣿣
ŷȥٰɡ
Ⱦ㶵̧ͷ, ʹ㰡
ȾվǴƵģСȻЩ, ûô飬㲦Ϊΰοһ֮䶯֡
ȾԺˣǱٸʲô
֣ǸʲôˣһţԼǹٲȥ, Ż˻᲻᣿װص㣬˵ҪǮΣǸǸ, Ӧ㣬ͬǵ¡
ְ취Ⱦһۣϲסŵ֣ҪŶӼֱȥΪʲôôҶˣھȥ
ҲҵַˣЦЦʵͿףȼѸĲϣٻСĻأܶ¿ϵ˼ʵм䶼ٲߥޡ
Ϊʲôٻϴȴٳٲ˼ңҪȰü޳ȥ޷Ǿ׬ЩƸ񣬵ʱһϣΪʱױż档
޵˼ٺһ㣬ΪҸõ˼ң˵ˣԼٻԼӣϧ첻ԸСʱСãڶѾڲˡ
¥˵ģ֣ڴֵһȥģ紾ӣٳʲôӣСӼôٲȻȥ֡
ͼĸٲȾȥȼңȾϱˣֺ׵ģǻѪ첲ֹ˱ҪҾͶҡ
֣ڸ˵ˣΪ¥үķܹ£Ҳµ˻ôҲû뵽ܰԼŮǳһû˵ͰĸŮŵùǺˡ
ٲҲ֪ʲôĸŮͦƲϵģټҪ֣ڣһһ׺ݣ˵ˣʲô⳥ʮӣһģºв˫š
ڹŴǹٸžѹƵĵλģʵĴ־£˵Եɺ󣬷׷׸ָȼĸŮϺٻƽʱٰԵƤҲܲס۹⣬ο˵ҪΣʱɵˡ
֣ڻҪͼӴףǵȾֻҪ׷ףһΣϹ˲ʲô棬æȾԭ£˵յ£˵Ҳˣ˭ͼ˭
Ⱦû˺֮ǣԺ֣ڸĸŮҲ۸ŹƣȾԼļҺ󣬴ŻԼһԽԽԶˡ
Ϻٻû뵽Ⱦᱨ٣ȻЭҲ϶֣ȥ׵ʱƸȴױûΪ׼Ⱦ֮ǰȻ˴룬ȴû뵽ǻôֿһأ׶ġ
ſȥܲܵʱȾޣѾԼߵĺܽˣ֣ھȹ¥⣬ֻﻥģ¥һ£Ⱦʱʹ¥ҳޡ
¥⵹ûǰ˳οֵСӵģܲ𣿾ϲͬ⣬һȥ¥ݽأ˶˾֪£ôˣ
˵϶źöˣ¥⻹϶Լ˵˵֣ڵĹϵܷŲܣҪķöǶ
üԼŮԼģϾһԼȴǼҳô£
ǼҶֳʲôˣ֮ǰһ٣Ƹ񶼲˵ôޣЦ¥Ȱ˵֣֮ǰǾô࣬ȹҵⲻǱĻ𣿡
¥֣һ˺ͺıʲôǿõĶܱȽĶãԺûء
ϿţˣӰ˺ӣڼ涼ڱãҲΪ˺˵ͷУǵǾԼɣôˣҲˡ
һϲлл
Ⱦ˵Ը¥ҳޣܸһּױж޻˵˵վüģ˭ĴȻǿˣ֣˵ԺһˣԺһҪúñ
֣Ȼ͸¥ϵ׽ѾⱲӾ׷ˣһݹϵϼס
Ⱦ죬սϽӣ׶˺žţ쿪ʼ͸оС׹׹ģҲ쵽ˣ˵вҲоͻȻһۣüϽǽһѣоʹˡ
ţ¥˶أ̾Ͳ˲ԣ¥һôˣǲҪˣ
ŶӣоʹԽԽǿңͷǡ
ţ
ҲˣæžȥˣڴһŸоõ㣬¥üͷ壬ɫЩףεվˣ£ͦȥ
źʹˣܵĶͷǺƫƫＸ˶ˡ
Ÿ˽һӣŲæģʼʹˣҪˣȳȥɣ׼ˮëͼӡ
ϣ˶ԺｹĵţˣԱʱ֮裬׽
ûͣһֿʼʹտʼҧס˺ѷƵۣҲţ
¥һһʹУۿ̲סʼ죬ģܲ˳ŮⱲӶҪڶˣ
Ŵûô۹ԽʱãʶԽģԼ屾Ȼв࣬ȴûƶ٣۵ĲУҲ۵ĲУԽԽʹ
Ҳʼˣаȥ˺ӶΣա
۾ģô죿һҪסĸӰ
̾˿ʶģţ̫ˣѲǲɱģŰɣҪһǲУҪǱС
סˣ죬ȴЩ˵ڣʹţȻҪӣҲĲľôתƿţ
¥￩һ£һ¾ͳ˽ȴŵţһ㣺ţţ
һ飺ķɣѾûˣѲܻѪһǱǱС
¥۾һᣬŵĶһ£⣬еʱ¥Ѿٱˣ絶ʣǺԥģ󣡡
ģʶͱָ˻͵ס¥֣ɫ԰ףͷĺ⣡
¥ëţټһ£ʵҲᱣӵġ
Żһ䣺壬ûˣԺѻˡ
Ժ󶼲ˣŲ룬ҪһԼĺӣĬţҪǿһҪƽ
ź˾䣺Դˣ죬
¥Ͷڴǰָ֣Լ˶ľʧȥӣһΡ
ȥɣﲻְ¥ק˳ȥ
¥űߣ޲Լˣ֪˶ãŵȥ¥ˣæţôˣֻû£ͻȻһӤ쳹Ժ䡣
¥Ԥ׵ĵ䣬ĺӣƽˣһϾͿų˳㣡Ѫˣ
¥Ѫɫʱʾų˽ȥӶûһۣϣѾ˹ȥæŰæֹѪǰ֪ŵһ궼ڸŵ׼ӦԵҩ
һֱƻ裬ŲȶѪֹסˣӾӣִһΣԺҲˡ
˰ŻЩССźģҪһһŮƽѾˣЦЦ⣬ȥӡ 
¥Сĵıźӷ䣬Ժˣĸƽ˵ĶͣûһĴСӣȡ¥        

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ                 
