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賤
ߣĨ
İ
桿ϱӣǴĳ˫ȴųĸ׺˵ֳﷴͳշתڸߣձĮ/ŰʬҰ
صʮ꣬׵ǻΪһ죬վʯ£һ֮µ̫ӣ˵ⱲӣҪŪòȻһˡ
桿ϱӣһۿ֪ħһֱں׵·ϣһֱս·ϣټѻΪһѰ׹ǣħûѹƣ˰˱Įʿ뱱Įͬھ
ʮ꣬һжδʼһΣΪ˶Ҳлڱˡ
PS
1.1V1HE˫
2.Ůνĺˣϲ룻
3.ģǵøλ˵㣻
4.ܿգﶼҲŵֿա


 1 

´΢ůʮż̨֮ϣǻ¡صԼǹݳص
꣬꣡ʺǧ̫꣡ӵǧ꣡
ãȻ룬볯ΪϤ
ˣǸʵǻһ죬ʮ³ʮһ죬Ϊĳνٳ֮
ůȴǵԼһߵ̨¹˺þãűٽٹٵ棬ܳķ͡
ˣʵگԻŮţ๧ξʣ[y] ǣؽΪ볤֮ᣬմˡ
ǵʱʲʥּǸߵĴ̫޴ּһС
Ǹʱֻʮ꣬ΪԼѹΪһջѰһɾһһһ˫ˡ
ϲɵˣһԴϵ
˭˵Ϊôǰĸʣ
ɻѣģģԼʧȥ֪ǰĮոһĥֻŰɴ棬һ·ϵУϣĿ֮£У˺üȦ
ԭں˳ķ˿˿ǿݲһ㣬ҲϹŵһϮɴڲסģֻ¶ļȴٰ֬˴СС˿ڣ¾ɲһЩѪ
ԭĵϣеˡˡָӡزһ࣬촽ţѪסӿ
ĮĽʿеĶȥʯͷذס롭¿ˮȭͷԼ޵ߵá
裬ıȴ޶ԣ˫ףĿɢ˷·ֻʣһǡ
֪˶ãĮܷˣϵӽϣбĮʿ棬ذ׽һһ١
ĮÿһµĽʿͻᱬһĺȲʣǴڳ⣬Ⱦƣ۾ȴš١ݡ
ĮݺڲһѪ⣬ʺѪҺ˳ȹ䣬һҡҷɳʢ۵ȥʱĮ˸һˮһѹ
ĮΪ㻹Ǹ߸ϵĴ볤һƲ²ΪˣֳȴãǱĮʳƵǲòϰƥս֮ͼģ
Į壬Ա뺷ǰսñԼҪҪΪ˼ԶûаԼʳɱ˴սһԵȫͷϡ
ͼÿ춼ͷԼĳޣĥˣѲǵǰöǣһ˹ͷ
ͼҪǸǸˣ͸Ҹʹ죡űĮоżֱ
ͼؾ̧֣ذٶ£ָؿ/һ飺Ǵ˿ģµǿԿ̹µķϣһ·
·ҰһЦʲôŵıҪƺʱܻȥϾҵʹȴòѡ
ͼһɫıɴĿѪѾɴȾؿɫһֻ
ͼҲֻ۸Ůˣı¡۵ýȥÿ˵һ֣ƺڼӾʹ࣬Ҫб£ȥˣ룬ɱˣɱ˼Զ
ᵽ˼ԶͫһѪȻһ㲻Ȼĳ죬ѪɫӳԵø졣
˼ԶԵܵøգʵһʮаˣ/ɫթ
䵽زΪ˼ԶɫԼͬĸ˴ģһٵɧ/ţΪ
Ļʺ¶ΪֳЦ̫֮λϽȥס
̤Ϻ֮·ΪʹһϧɷãСĶӣص룬Ѿϻʵ۵˼ԶȴɲϷŹ
һҪȥףһΣ˼ԶԺΪҪЮȥһСףʵΪȡ鱨Ƭ½һʵ۵/
һȡҪ鱨˼ԶСҵʳŮΪУȻٶ͵˱Į
κףưܲɱκκ˼ԶУӻСûףֻܱ˼Զƣʱʱ̺̿޲
ֻں׵Ĺұ𣬲ܶݵػص룬һӣŴĴ󽫾һٿһ㡭
Ϊ²𣿡ͼг޵Ļȼգ޲һͱŮˡ
ɱɱ                        
лҪ˵ĳ۵СɰǶк߾һôôŶȵȵ(#^.^#)

 2 

УϣĮĽʿ׷׾еҪǵɱѾһϢŮˡ
ȫȻǣΪŮˣǲŵһʱսžۡ
㣬ɱұ㣬ӡ˵ѾǶ϶һ仰˵˺ܾãֻгûнˡ
ԭͺСЩԽ̧ͷ˿ϵĽڣһθ˺ˡ
þһ˿˹ǣЦЦòʡ
һĮʿҴҸϥͼ£Ѿ򵽱߾
ãͼѪذ״뻳УߵУ
ܺ׾ǾͿʼģǰȫˣϵʹҲԽԽľ
һ˿ǣڣ磬˰ϧһزȥˡҿĺӣӡ
֮ʣԺֻʣһͷ˼ԶҶҪ㣬

޴ڶ߲ͣЪּ

Ȼ˫ۣеؿ޴ԲԲװ׵ڶ΢Цһʱ䣬޴Ŀϲġ
ִ޴нӹʥּߵףһ統ֻԴɳƣлʶ䡣
ЦʾƽСТ˳ɣⶼӦõġ
վԼΥĸ¶һ΢Ц߹̹ȻؽܳǵĹء
ʵۿŴлվŵһ˫Ůº͵ЦЦյǻ䣬Ǽƻ˰ɣȥɣ㸸ˡ
ߣʢװӺݻŮӣ²Ļʺ󣬲ʮΪŮˣ͵ЦЦǰȥɡ
Ǻձ˿ڷλϵģӦĽᷢӣĸ׹ˡ
񣬹ֻǵһȥ׷⡪Тʺ󡱡
˿Լǰվŵ˼Զӹһ˿ײ⣬˫ȭָǶģſסԼǵضĳ֮
ոող̫ӵ˼ԶǻʺĶӣ΢Сģֻһ˫۾͸ֲͬɭ
˿̺ö˶˵վ˵ǰһһжδʼޱȼЩ޳վֽŶƮŲŲԼйֵΪ
ãһжü
˼ԶһˣĺӣͿҪͷˣ
˼Զˡ
˵꣬һǰһӴ˳ȥ̧ͷŴգһô˿̵Ŀ
Ų̴̊»ϲϲ߹ӵū澹ϲ
ЦЦЩʵס̴֣Ůֻһ꣬ȴһǽһ㻤ֻȴ˼Զ֮֡
˿̴̣ڣá
ôˣ۾ôأ̴Щǵؿ
û£û£̴ֻǸղʱ̫ˣ۾ЩЦЦ
ɲ̫õһô
أȼѬ㣬۾Ȼū澻ȥˮһ󣬻Щ̴ԼҹĻ
̴һǺޱΡ
̴һˡһ˵Ѿǵöûг̴ˡ
ū澻ȥ͸̴رģֻҪϲģŬá
ЦЦ̴ֻȥһס󹬣һΣ뿴Ƿһɡ
ʵ۸ס蹬á
ߵſʱ΢΢°ͣŴʵ֣̽һЦ
蹬شƫƧʮľҲԼ˼Բϲ̫֣οе֣Ҳ޹ء
ӭж蹬ִŹ˳ӭӡ
ʮ꣬ǹˣ½ܵǰһչ˵غܺãֻٺãҲǸū澣һδαȥʱվʲô
ֲض񣬿ɡǰ
ǵãһĺӸһͱ˼Զǿдش룬ؽŻ¸ܸĴ̫࣬Խչ˸Դˣм
һܳ飬µĲ±ģһֻ֣λָԸźĹŻ
û뵽ͣ¾ãԼһλƵĺӡ
ū澶лҲŤ˳ūѾ˽蹬һлȻһ£ֻųɻ⣿
ĴƣԺֲһһ·һΣһӣһʱȲ裬ʱڻСѵӣֻ̫ݡ


 3 

Ϥľ蹬Ϥ£ȴôʣ̴ʹͬ£ڹһȦһĺһ¡
ʱԴΪף蹬̫๬Ůһ£ʽݼ
û̫أһ蹬˱һһ̱Ƥ΢̧һһɨŵˣ֪лʺߣģ˿̱ߣղߣյұѱˡ
Ļһ׷׵ͷȥսľڵء
ԼĻѾãͻЩǻϵǻ䣬ҲǱס蹬ĺӣ̴
ոձΪסµĹҪʹ͵ģһ̴΢΢ס
̴⣬ӻɰһһʹȥ
˵ʹͣŻЩϲٶߵףл
˵Ķ˵ˣϲôΧţǶȥ̴ֻʹź
ū͸һȥǸɿ֮ˣ̴ŷ뿪
ˮ֣һϺõǰ裺ҳɻڣ
ϲ裬ʱÿն裬һʹϲá
һڲˮЦŵͷռãϲԺúԼˣԲ㡣
ūմªūԵ̷ӹһ˿ϲɫ
Ȼ֪⹬˭ǻʺߣôͳǼˣѭ򽥽ܲ¶
Ժ̴ͽź˲ؽӽ޹ֻɨԺɣ𣿡̧ͷһ۴
ڹж꣬е˼Ҳ֪Լˣ⻶ϲūˡ
֪Լ˵ʲôЦЦֶ豭һڣܵر۾
ֻһѵõƽԺӣÿһĶǣ㲻ڡ
ϧƫ˲ڣոСһſһ΢΢üͷ
ūȥʲô¡ǷǷ㳯ſȥ
δ߽ͿĹߵĴŮվſڣһ߰мس˳Сøع㹬ܱȡ
ʷΪΣʹ֮УĹԶֻ֮δܱ⣬ֻΪСһˡ
ĹݵǹӭӣԼҹߵĴŮȻҲ⾪蹬˷˵ʱֺ
ſڵСŮѾŵ˵֪ô졣
߹һ񣺡ū澼Ĺ򰲡
ôǼҹأõƳһۣ˵ô£ƽʱţ͸óӭˡ
ѵ˳ͳƣУһҪѹȥԺͷˡ
ĹĻǳСҧء֡
ŭɫһţȻЦˣС𣿼ȻˣҾͽȥƣЩūſкú÷̡
֣Ǵĺĳģ˴Ӳﴳ
ʱһ֪ĴڳС̫൲ǰСκ˲ڣ
ʱһղŸոս⹬ūž˼ʹ棬߲ȵͣ˳ͲĹˣ
һԼҹɫãǰ׼һƿǰС̫࣬ҲŹģ̹ȴʹʮɵԷȴ˿
ãǺãĻǣڿҪʱжˡ
Ժｫſڵĳͻһ֣Ϊ֣ȥһ˵ùȥǸС̫λᵨӴ󵽸
ôţߣ˴ĶװҲˡ
ⲻǳ㣬ǴŽСˣؿǻĿǶʺޡ
ˡҲĻ͵һЦǵס֣תС̫࣬ĹҲǵӴûˣȥ췣
С̫ྐྵҲһ仰˵һҾתߡ
һ۴̻⣺ūȥλ׼㡣
񱻷˳Ǻô磬˶Ҳһ˦֡

 4 

ҲЦеʾһñͼ۵ūûûݡ
˵ֲЦˣһٶȴʼЦеģһȭǴһ޻ϣ㡣
òǺĺϲ㡣˵ţһ
̽бŵĺùǰҼҹĺ񡣡
˿̴ӺԺ߳ˮϣüĿվ
ЦŽӴ򿪣һΣֻһ۱治ɫؽӺϣлãΣǺö
ԾεĳɫһƾͲʲôƷʽҲʮֹϣĹ賤ɳȣܱȣж˼־ء
ԭĿ˳ԭҲʲôöû뵽ȻЦˣˡ
ǰôҲô˵ѵ˳Զˣ
ɲǣǧѡΣ͸㣬ݺ䡣Цţ
̴˿һֶ˳˾ĹԼҹԿæǰ
Ĺ󰲡̴ɫƽƽǷ
ɡѹ۶°ͣʾ
ã̴һ֣տǶõģÿ쳢Ȩʲôûؽǰһֱơ
ԼʲôУپȤҲһ֣վȻѾ͵ˣñˡ
˵꣬Ҳ˵Զˣ뿪ļƣòᡣ
˼ԶһĸҲһ·ģǰһ֮Ա˼Զᱡٲ
ԳݹڻΪõõģȥʯôһоͶˡ
ʱڹҲûʲôѣֻҪϷһͻΪã롰áµ
̴ƴ໤ֻΧǴΣѾ˼Զᱡ߷߶ˡ
뵽ЩеĺӣȥЦݣӵݸΣúõ͸ҵģҶҪҪϴϲǡ
ɻȴҲΥ˼˫ֽӹӣúõطŵιȥˡ
Ŷ̴˵ȥ鷽ǸС̫࣬Ǻƽﶼʲô˽Ӵһһ
찮ŮŮ۸λСŵѾͷй̴Ǹ̳
ūס̴
Сʱۣ˵һС̫൨Ĺ̴С̫൹˼ֺ档
ǱˣǾ蹬̫֮λĪǡĿһ䣬ǱģȻá
һ蹬δֹһԼһȤһɲ䣬Ҫû˼ˡ
ҹ̴źϢһǵһھ蹬ǸġǸĳ
̴ҹõƳ뿿ڴߣɫ׵˵
컹ãһҹԼһĶӣˣȴҲ޷ĺټҹ蹬ƻΪǿĺˡ
̴δкβףΪǳ蹬Щʡ
ҹ蹬һСӰһԾվ˻ʹһ۵Ľ䣬̴ڣͻᷢӰǳȥС̫»
»Сϰ䣬ֱӶѵȻʮֽʵ糤Եشʮӣԣʹûһ
»ϥأһôдĴߵףӣס蹬Ĺߣ¡
ܺãЩ꣬ΪһգסҲûóȫǿ󴫳һ䣬ȴĪһ˿˿
ūŵӾȵģūʲôūž޶»ģٶȿһͷվߡ
˺Զ֮߳һ޳ͦεӰֶԵֻ˫ȴؼղס
¹£վ絶/ͦĴţһ˫ǳ貵ž蹬ķĿ¶̰ڡ̡
ֻվţһĻĿ̺⣬ȴһ
վã΢΢˱ۣ۽飬ʱеĸȫʧȡ֮޵ĮɱתĹǽһԾ


 5 

һҹôҲ˯ţԼһۣʱڱĮУͼٰ衣
ֱҪʱ֣Ժ˯һȣ̴ĽŲҲӲĶ䡣
ˣ̴߹ᣣҹ˯ƺȣ
ϴɡ˸ȥȥˮϴɡ
̴̳ȥˮ漱Ҵ߽ȡ·߷£˵îʱҪȥʺ﹬Уɲܳˡ
ϵǻͬ죬ʺڹˣոձΪȻҲٲˡ
ôҪĳϰǾͽ͸δŰɡ
ճκú÷;֣վȻҪҪĳϴϣЩ벻ˡ
Ϊ֣ʯͷƤ飺ǴӣǴһĽҡԳݡ
⹬УݴʲôԵġ֪˼һЦοϣ֪ĺʲô񣿡
ǹˣһ͸ЦӯӯתȥιȡֻΡ
̴ˮ棬Ȼһױ㻨˰ʱɡ
ţ̴ָ˴ױγ˾蹬ţǡîʱǰһ̵˻ʺǵ⡣
վĽԶԶֱߵ߲Σױݣüױݾ£Խǣ΢΢˵ͷǼˡ
Ƕ˼ɵĸ뵱ʺһͬ϶꣬һӣǵ֮ˣҲô
ҲƽϣһЦͿȥˣʵû޸ϵˡ
һҲеһˣԭֻһ檣Ϊ˼йűò浾񣬾ֹׯ
һĺƢߵǰͬһһ񣺡檼£
һһĲмоһ檣ϲ̨档
ºһЦǰﲻضűʹЩ˳ȴҲ˴񡣡
һӶչˣǸ֪ͼˣǱ׽Щ
ȴʺҪ򳤹ȻΪΪԼֻǸмһЦ
ϲں֮£˹٣ҲǴ뿪Ļʵˡ
չʺеģҲֻôλɺλ΢ģҲ˵ϻֻǳĬվһԣʼձǳЦݡ
ǵһȻó裬ȴҲ˻ñȽϳã˼Զǻ̫֮ΪȺ׶Ļʵǰ˵һ죬㱻ı۴
ݶ飬ǲתͷһЦ˽յȹˡ
˳һû뵽ͱ곤˼ֻ꣬δ£ֻƾżĵλһٷ˹ˣ˿ĿޣĬĬա
һмһ˳ǻˡ
䣬ʺߵĹĺɴӵ߳վŵĳɹһҾλСʺλӽȥ
˽ȥУЩһ˴
ʺѾʰ׵տӺݻ󣬵мĸµȡ
ڻʺߣȻ볤඼ʺ񣬵ȴࡣ
ǰһһʺҲվֵǷǷʺȥˡ
඼֮˱λָߵ
ʺǳǳһЦĿһһϣλնˣձЩһƷ
˵꣬ʺֿһЦɲ䣺յһԽĶˣƲء
վǷǷʺޡ
ƺԼΪʺǡĸ󡱣ʺɫ΢䣬þԼеĺſԼЦûеѿ
ۼƼͷϵΣЦ˳Ҳ֪׵ЩȻϲ̨Ķڹʺ𣿡
һڣ̽˵ĿⶼͷϣȻһɫ³ɵΡ

 6 

ǡТʺ֮ŮʺԭͲϲַ˳Ůݸ߹Խ
ˣһ仰׾˻ʺŭɫΪѿѵ⣺ûʲôΣҲԱ˵ǽƼûöһҵ档
ؾص񣺡ʺѵǡ
úõϴʺɫŻЩһԵؿβͶ̵ȥˡ
˿̣ʵ۴߽ϲ˶ڣЦʣ˵ʲôΣ˵Ҳ
Ц˵ϣʺղ˵ء
Ŀϣɫ΢壺ղʹΣô
ѵ⣬ЦЦȻǱ˳Ҳɲøϲ
ôһѵ⣬ŵòίίģۿҲ졣
áԼӱԩǰ˫ϥأŻʵһ񣺡ϣĹ͸Ǽҳĺ񣬳Ĺڽϡ
סڣšŭѵȻʵһҾĪ֣Ƕ²ϡ
һԼŮĶ񣬻ʺɫ̱˱䣬ת˲ţһŻʵһЦƣãǽĸĸ֡
ɫãԱãܿ˻ʺ󿿹ӣĶ㣿
ʶŭʱ˷磬һĸ󣬼Լҡҡͷ˫ϥأ׼͡
ǰ£ڣʣͶʲôĶ䱦ոʹͶΣδüûǶĴ޹ء
ɫŻЩ㣬ǳӦеȣ㶼Щʲô
ݺһίص¼᣺ʣʯֻΪʽӣ䣬ڽġ
ĽͲ԰ΪŮλֲʯĺûĻԼŮ̫¡
ϵɫҲҿǵֻί
ˡ޵ķ첻᲻صسһ䡣
һʵŵòᣬֹͣ˳ҧŴһԡ
ȥǵ⣬û޵׼վõط׼뿪
ʡ׷ǰ£֮¶ɵģ޹أҪ븸һš
ԽԼŮ£οظ˸ķ˿Ǹúӡ
˶٣ſķϣգּ⣬κ˲̽
ۿŮ֪ܲǵԣΪ̫ʧۡ
ǣŮ֣Цʣȥ԰ߣһ𣿡
ʮֿĵص˵ͷǵȥһ޲ýƤĿ⡣
һ͸˺ܶණȻ˵ҲһŮʱΪ˺׶
ȻҪ𣬾ͱҵ˼ԶΪǿĿɽĸʣ
ǰһʶճŮе飬ǷΪ֮㲻Ųʣֱף
һΣҪסʵģվԼߣԸ˼ԶʺȻ°빦
Ů˳ǵƺû뵽ʵôͳ̫޴С鲽߹Ρ
ԼΣһ·԰ȥ
ֵ£԰Ļˣ̺죬涷ޣĺʱ䡣
˽ͣ԰⣬ԼɢߣһһſзҷĻζ
԰ڣһźɫͳףͦΣվü米ֱϹһҾμϣμ¡
ˡµǻãûע⵽ǰ˰
ſݣͱԳЩʮ߰꣬üĿֻĬĬվţѾΧɫʧ
Ϊ磬İȴҲϤǰһսһ·ҡϣʮ㱻˼ԶΪ󽫾ƴʮȨ
һδô˵Եڶ뿪룬̤Ϻ֮·һȴܺͶԼڵȴδܽȥ
־սΪһȴ˽ͳ죬˹
лҪ˵:~ںϱˣ^_^

 7 

Ѿһ԰΢΢ףҲ߽ȥ
ʱ彣ȻһƺڼԼٱǿԼȥֻһۣҲƲĿ⡣
޴ɵɵվԭزѵͳˣôϣ
ĿƽԼ飬ŸȥΪŸҿȥĿ̺ųȵۣһ㣬˺˺
Ů˵ЦûиоһӰεĿ⡣
԰һʱžЩƣۣŮ԰еͤС
޴˱²㣬֮һͤ档
һڲˮƳƺͤƣؿ˹ȥȴʲôûվͦαֱޱؿԶ
޼ǵճʱȫþһֻСӣתۼѾɴˡ쿴ͤͤŮʮָп
ǳǳһЦȡЦ
ڿ㣬޵ˣ£֪ҪĸСӣ˵⻰ʱĵģۿЩ졣
ԶƸУʲô鶼׶飬ȴųСжɣȵ۾һӣֻҲϻʵۡ
ԼʵᲢټ֮ǰÿÿἰԼķ޹ˣҪ¼ᣬɻתͷ̧˲Ϊµûй˵ͷߡ
ˣмģ
ѾǼ߲֣ĵײκδȴӲҲʣҪһ߾Т
Ǹɵӣйﳤ˲˵ĵ첻ɵЦ֣޵Ůõж
ߵرȥ˵ˡ
õжȴս֮ʱĸʺԥ͸һʹ󵽼׵Ĺ
Ц⻰˿˵ķ̡
úúãʲ˵ˡֻɬδ룬޽㣬һ޻Ҫġ
վ͸ʡ
ļ磬߳ͤľͷһ˵úýͻؾ蹬
ŷӦʵѾԶˣһҾǣּ
޴ߺ԰ֻʣ³ĬˣԼһ̷Ĵ˭Ҳûп˵һ仰
ǰƽ˼ȴƮ˺Զܶ顣
վͤ棬һ˫˸źʯ貵ĹâһգգͤվŵŮƺһգͻʧǰ
˸šȴһҲΣͤ⣬ƮƮŮ¿꣬ⴺյ԰£óһ
֪˶ãתԴ˵ˣǻȥ
ȴӦѾǰԼֱ۷ǰͳȥ
Ȼû뵽һıƷͳūŸ飬ǲס
ҪܾȴԵӣܾĻ˻ȥֱִϣǾͳˡ
֮ҡ紽΢΢ת˲š
Ŀ⣬ʼԼֱϵ֣·ôδ˻׽ʱĴ˿̺ںХ
ǰ԰С·ϣ·ЩٳЩ޾ͷǸжá
һֻԸһЩЩֹʹΪ˻ȫҲңҲԶڱ߹أ첻á
һΣҪ󣬼ԼУҲҪֹδܻᷢһС
԰Σһֱڲ࣬һ·Ĭֱ蹬ſڡ
ΣǷǷնлͳˡ
ףȥ۾ֱƳת뿪̲ס
£ػͷ
¡ĬƬ̣ˡ
һͷˮؿ뿪ܾĿ̫븴ӣĥ͸ȴĪһϤĸо
ôˣƼٳٲţʡ
ǾͳЩ֡ҡҡͷԼĵֵĸо˦Ժ󣬷Ŵֽ˾蹬
һҹ                        
лҪ˵죺ʼߣСɰ(*??*)

 8 

峿йֵرˣ̴ӭţЦӯӯ񣺡ū澲μ¡
ֲض񡣡һ£Цʾֽĵÿ⾪蹬ˣ
صµĻշԸй֣³ΧԣҪλӺλȥū澾ͽŴѡװ΢֣ԲԲģһЦĪһиС
һͬΪʵ۶һ벻ҲδԸйѣֱվ̣ԼôһŮ
йҹ·ֹȻ˰·࣬Ϊ˱һͨЦ
ԼڻʺеһϷݽˣǵԼŮġ
ѡŵźɫװΪΣ׼ˣʱһĺɰˡ
һΧԾһԴͷ
˹ǣ¶һɭЦ⣬˼Զңɡ
̫ӸӵŮǲ֮µ˼ԶĪشһ磬ȫޡ
ԵĽ/͹£ȴҲû˿һ۵ȤǰͻȻֳЦգʱԼؽһ硱
Ϊ֮һ߳ˣȻĪһִ֮С
һʼԼģ̫ӵ£ҪʲôŮûУȻͬĸа/
⼸գıӰʱʱͻǰƣòѹԼ뷨ŮйȥԼĻ
Խѹָ֣оԽԭ֮зǣҪõͷƵҪˡ
˼ԶФʱߵİβ£ּ³Χԣ˸¡
֪ˡ˼Զͷ˵ͻȻǰһּȥΧԵģ˭
ˡˡ֪̫ӵǺ⣬βֻһһ˵̫ӵºλӣλ
ʱ˼ԶǴӴһĶ˷ܵؽ·ϴһ߻Լϲ˴/ƿԼΪ˵õŮϧɱɷ
˼Զɢҵǰǰµĳйֵ֣Ȼнͳ硣
ʲô˼Զֵʡ
Ȼڹÿն棬ͳӲ˵Ҳֻ΢΢־񣬰زˡ
ϧİΪʵĳţֻǶƷͳ죬ȴյ۶Ȩڵ۶˵ǺߣǶٳͽеĶ
ڻǰ˵һ仰ֻ±̫ӻҪõض࣬粻ر
ǵðǰһʷ˵Ű裬Ŀˣʱ䣬ʷͱ̰īһ˿ͷĿͷŵš
ǰһĹٵ磬˵ڵ۶ȦأĹپ޹ʱУ鲻
ҪǣһУڵʱ̫ӵ춼ȴ磬ȵǰά
Դˣ˸˵֣Щɫģʼͽȴһһ֮⣬δκһλйɫ
˼ԶΪ̫ӣȴҲ֪ܵ︸ߵĺˣƽ磬֡
̫ӵ¡΢΢֣гƳֹȴ๧ϴ͡
˼Զԣ鲻Ըؽ·룬Ȼ󹧹ĵϥء
˴Σ޵ǻ״Χԣ̫ȫ£󡣡һ޸ĴͲÿֵȫһ¡
ּ˼ԶŻʹķһҾȻվδˣת游ʣ̫Ӷ°׵븸ʷġ
ǣһ֣ת̫߳Ӹ
Χ֮ԭҪһ𶽰죬ڻʵǰ˵Ҫ̫Žò¡˼Զͷϡ
վ̫ӸſڣԾ֣Ȼ¶һ̵Ц⡣
ػʹ;Уһӣǵһȥǰһգ
ʱ֪ҪٴκףδҲδ˵һ仰ֻһΣǼϲİɣ
Ŀǰƣƺû۵Σҡҡͷ
ӣСƳµĻҪƲȥƣϰʮ꣬ƺŻȹ󲻿ԣֵط顣
΢΢ףϰָ߽̺Ժһӳϥأڳơӡ
磺οɴˣ
ĬĬȥһµĺӣʽ򵥣ȴɣǳˡ۶һһʦ֮֡

 9 

ӹӣ򿪿һۣʽԼͼֽһ޶һ˲ǣСش뻳С
ӿ͸˵ģϰãŵʡ
һϰӲŹزֱ뿪Ҳδ
ع·ϣģһգΧԵĵʱֻһΧԳİȫ
ɫͨ˹һֻ˾ŵС¹۽ǻžӨ顣
ʱ绹֪ǳһۣħƵģǰǸֳĳ޲ܽ޵ʬΡ
ҺãһΣһжü
绳дԼѡõĽΣ߳ЦɵСӡ
Ǵ˿гƼŷɥͳ飬ֻ»ñȼҪˡ
֮һʱȥ蹬ȴϽȥ鷿뿪ʱɫѾˣų΢ҹ
Ϊͳ죬Ҳһ⳼ܴҡڵȥ󹬣еĽΣֻһ͸ˣҲ֪᲻ϲ
ֵҹոջصеס͸о춯
ͼ蹬еС̫»ӴһԾ룬ϥأūŰݼӡ
ڲδټ£»ֻھ蹬ʲôʱŻ硣
һˣվߣһٳʲô£ҲҪᡣ
ӣ¡»Ծ˵
֮ǰֻ֪ӶԳ¸ģҲ֪ô㵽ס蹬ǰͽɵУž蹬ȳ
һӺֹģֱǱȶԼҪϧ
Ǻ£ͣס˽Ųת΢ۣȻʮֲá
»˸ڵأս̴֧ȥΣƺʲôܣū³Σգ
ü󹬵ɡߵūɳȥǳе£ɼȻ»ضйŹ֡
֪ˣȥɡ齱ߡ
»ɴ⣬վʱĴԾգۼʧҹɫ
ࡣỽһ
һӦ룬˲ʮ߰꣬ȴĸߴͣһֱĸ
ȥ鳤Ů̴ȥʲôӹһ˿⣬⣬ΧǱߵвɳ⣬ݷݳǱҲöһס̫ܼϻɡ
ס΢΢ףһҾתӡ
蹬Уոϴ꣬ͷʪشڼϣںڵͷԽĵüӨ֬
׷С̫࣬ɲʲôףɷ̴
ūһֱڲ飬δ»кβףɾףǰȵۻʱѽ̴鵽һһЩһֱӱľδκβӱ޺Ҳһֱھ蹬ɨ
ӱͬĸãҲĹùã֮ǰһֱסھ蹬һǰ޸˱飬š
»ֹ蹬ӣӦй򣬶ֲȻ֪ΪһֻҪΪãǱǺ¡
ϸϸ۲һʱ䣬ȷû⣬蹬̫֮λ
ǣūˡ̴˵ͷ£´ᣣȥ
Щһֱ˯ãҹǾѣҪһȷԼȦ˺üա
ԼĪһӣ̴ȥţƺѾ˯ˣת뿪
˯⣬ʣ̴£
û˯̴߽Щ»ǰ㣬˵ǵóҹ˯ðЩūȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽȷκ⣬ܰϺϣԷһūԼһգȷû⡣
̫ҽҽŵùģһһε˼֢Ǳ̫ҽҽãҽãҽҲã̫ҽԺѵõ
ᣣϴӺζ
һССľ蹬ɨ̫࣬ϣ
̴ūˣ»˵ϵգĶܳū澲˵
ˣϰɡ̫Ѩбڴߣһģ
̴Ӧһ㽫ϷŽ¯ϣھ蹬⼸ն˯ãʲô㶼ãϣ»Ƶðɡ
㣬̴߹ȥ£ǺñӣԼĬĬȥˡ
һҹȻûѵ̴վ»Ƶϣȥ˼ζֳ˯

 10 

峿˯һȾʱˬȦ˲١
̴ϴʱزסϲã»Ƶ㵱á
ϴ꣬ţȥʳȴ޴ˣʮֲ죬֪ʱ򸸻ߵĴ̫к¡
޴һҾȥ鷿
֪£ʮɻ鷿ǿǻʵǰµĵطȥʲô
ūֻ˵Ǻ¡޴ĪЦЦ뼴̶ǰ
ŷģ޴ı飬ӦòǺףһҲǰ֮˵޹Եȣ·
̴ʹȥ·ȴ̴˵ձ»ȥԿ£蹬״ɨһ飬ף
̴꣬Ȼ׳ָ²һ»סкβף̵˵ͷʾԼˣܿȥ»ǰ
»̴һ·żæŵظȴһҾ
˵ͷŴ޴鷿ȥ»㲻һԵظ
鷿޴ȴδֱȥԱߵƫ鷿ֻһҿ硣
޴Ը˲㣬˵ϸš
Ҳ˵ϸʲôˣһͷˮضǸ磬˵ҲûʲôرģҪʲô
ʱ޽ҪλǰйعЩӵΧ֮£˵뷨
ˣüͷߵмķ϶ȥ鷿վʮףǸӵܣҵӣһЩεڸ󳼣ɲЩ
ɲ׸ʲô˼鷿ȥֻʾЦеؿЩˣ鲻
ԱߣվſԶޱ磬վøͦΣĿһһɨʮˡ
ȻĿɲ⣬ȴĪ͸оƺҿЩȫõͱ
Ȥķ֣ͻȻã۸ʲôģò
Щſǣһһ˵Լļ⣬Ҳ֪ûȥ˭˵ʲôЦеģһʡ
һȤƫԣ
ԼĪһʱ鷿ˣЩſˣ鷿ߵƫ
Цǰ񣺡ݼʣ򰲡
ϸƹˣ˰£ģ
ʲôʲôģԾضҪˣ鸸ʽսǸѡǰδе£ܲ⣿
һδҪˣΪǰһľ˶ģЩֻƤҵɫ/ߡ
Ϊǵգ˺毺õļģЩСĹ֮ͣǷǳˣ˼ԶļıҲóѡ
ѹ˼ǣΪͻ飬ȴԼ⣬֮ˣ޼̴ͻ顣Ůı飬Ȱ֪ĻΪһֱһĸס
ʡıЩӲû뵽ʸôһͻС㸸ЩӣѵֱҪ޳ȥ𣿡
Ǹɵӡ̲סЦŮҪŸʵģ
ѵ𣿡ǿ˳ǣ¶һı顣
ƫͷ촽΢¶һزļؿ΢΢š
һֱվԱĬƳ龰ΪֹһͣĬĬսԼ彣
úúãȻûϵģʱ㣬ЩΧ֮ʱиӵǰ࿴࿴ĸ˵Ϊղż棬û۵ġ
˵꣬վ뿪޴һҾæ˳ȥ
̲סֻøվԼߣذһЩû뵽Ȼ⣬ͷۡ
ͳȥĬ˺һڿڡ
ע⵽ƫ֮ڣʹĴڣЦŵ˵ͷ
һǰһ蹬ߣ»ں棬Ҳ֪⻹⡣
֪Ǹʵĳ購˵һ仰Ǳȱ˺ʹȻһɲ죬ȴͻȻʣδ˿֪ΪΪͻ飿
翴ʮ룺֪
һΪ˴ȫͬһĶսϣҪսɳ
һΣȻڹһССĽͳ죬˵ûϳţ¡                        
лҪ˵δͳ죺ʵ۾ȻϱѡҪЩҹȫͻͻˣ
ҹӣǲǣûУ˵

 11 

̾˿Ȼ֮ǰˣȴĪãԼߵ˻Ǹ硱ǸΪ˰ոԸͷ­ѪĴ󽫾
ʹأʣǣδ˿зӣøʴͷ
һ˼תͷĲԸϴͻ飿
Ȼ֪ܽͻĳһӵܣҲܱһıҽ֣ȴΪܣ޲ܽЩӵȫıһϳȥնˡ
Ըվˣתʮּᶨҡҡͷ
Ȼų貵Ĺâ·˿̵ⶼУʣǲԾ
δˡβشΪûףòһ飬зøʴͻͷ
ϣ΢ᶨص˵ͷġ
Ӧһ΢΢ĿЦЦ˵лδˡ
һ仰һȦ̻ضΪĵЦݣԸ
գȴֻһһٵ˵֮ҡ
̧ͷӳĺӣĪģĿ⣬ֲӵĴ
˻ߵ蹬ſʱŷ֣ڼȻ̧θһ·»ԶԶں档
ǻͳعˣ粢δкβףյ˫֣ɣ˽ڻǴӻװ֧εĺӡ
żȻ֧Σһˣòţ㡭罫쵽ǰת
һɻܾ͵ĺ֣˲ֻ
Ǹӣһε˵ֻǾֻ̫󣬾ʹ˶˿ϧʵǱ⡣
ոշȻˣԭԼˣȻһЦʹؽ£ܡ
½ΣĴת˲ţһҾˡ
תһɲǣĴҲѹƲסĻȣһ·쵽۽üң˿ࡣ
࿴Լͳʱ⸱ӣЩҧԼͷ˴꣬ʱЦЦ˿ģ
ⲻǣռ
оĿ⣬̧ͷ𴽽ǵĻȣɨһࡣ
˲ԼͷƤըˣվü米ֱĬĬתͷװԼʲôû
ҴҸϥأˣȥ鷿
£΢΢üͷ
˵ǵ۶ʮˡ΢΢̧ͷؿ硣
΢΢ףȻôҪһ£ʰԼ飬ǵĻ±üʯޱȣ̧ű鷿ȥ
̤鷿ʱ̫˼ԶҲڣǰϥأμϣ̫ӵ¡
üͷ˰޴һ۵ݸ
ӹۣһۣȻ֪Ǻ£¶Ϊȵı飺۶֮Ȼַ𡣡
˼ԶһղҲۣˣǺ׽𣬿ɲܽװˡ
һˣ˼Զ൥ϥأʣΪ̫ӣȴδκιڸʣڰգ˴лᣬ˷ˣ븸ʶ׼
ԣĴǸһĨЦת˲ţڵأϣ̫ӵ˫գֶҡ϶׼ǰȥ˷ˡ
˼ԶζҪըˣ֮ǰڳϾʹٷҪֱǿɶ
쿴һ۹ŵˣٷδ˭ȥһֻΪ˼ң
޸ĸڳв޸ʺƺ⳯иϵȨΡ
˵ף粻һӣ⽭ɽ컹ҪԼϣ˼ԶһҲһ£Ϊڳ
̨ף˼Զļ磬˵̫ΪΪ֮ģοǧɨ
ԣ˼ԶﴽǣͶȥһתʹһҾлʳȫ̵֮ڣضһĽ
˼Զת뿪ļ磺ףĿɼ޵ߣ벻㡣
ӹһ˿ײâһҾضػڻߡ
Ǿͺãȥɣ޷ˡص˵ͷת޴ȥƫЪš
߳鷿ʱ˹ǣո뿪鷿ȴĹסȥ·
磬л㡣ֺȻ簫һͷȴƽ׾ԼƿѹԷ°͸߸

 12 

·֮졣һ֣⼸֣ƹߡ
÷ζը仨Сܼǰ֪·֮ض³֮󣬱Բ㡣
·֮ڸ׸·ͨĶӣС̫Ӻλһ飬Ż磬֪ǵ۶ŮĴˡ
Ҳ⣬ӵһμ·֮㷼İκӲôﰵʾΪĹɲмһˣ
գ͵͵ȥ·֮ȴһȺŮַʫԣʱýǸַˣַŮӡ
·֮һ޸֮޷ֹµףֻܷЩ˵Ůˣһû
ѣղܵ鷿磬ϣ·֮ԼҪǸ
ǸˡѴһ䵭ģ
˵꣬ʮɵĹһԾգۼʧӰ١
ͽ뿪ıӰŷȭµ磬š
ĻŮĨĨǵĺ飬
Ųߺ޵صһʧķҪǸ·̫֮֬أϲ;ֵַط׼·֮λĵ磿
ҹ̴ͷϵλȡһһСںٵĳ
£ˣ͸֧ΣЩĲɵʡ
̴ū澽մ˽»סһ飬δκβ֮ĶЩõĶ
˵̴꣬ؿųе֧Σʽӱȴ鷿һֱ֡
ˣվʹͣߪ»Ϊ蹬̫࣬ʹһ¡˵䣬ĿһֱĽΡ
罫ӵݸʱδεʽص蹬򿪺ӵһɲǣ˶ˣĻ֮С
ǵһһκ׵ģλڴµĽɳʮ꣬ԭҲ㲻ǹ˼ܳӡ
ϧǹ¸֮һֱಡ齣ڸո徣Դ֮ĸӾܵɳ׷ɱ
ĸӶϻʵҳİӳɳһ·ɱɳ۶ֻĸѾڽɳˡ
˼Զ뿪۶ʱѾ֪꣬Ӻδһ֧Σ͸Сȥĸ۽ǵˮ
˵׹ԣ֧Σ񸣶ߣҲԹԵ׻
׵ĺӣ֪ҪȥֻǾĸ׼Ȼŵ˵ܿǱġ
֧Σһͷٴ̤˺֮·
ڱĮʱͼٰ裬ױ磬ҪʱԿ½źÿֻܴűɴ£֧ȻҲߡ
ʱĺ͸ͼ޲ܽ븹ûټ͸֧Ρ
е֧ΣȻ븣͸֧ƣ⾿ɺϣǡ
˵֧żȻ֮ϣɺ֮£
ü̴Щۣʣк£
£°ɡһ飬ֱһУ裬תȦؽ˽ʹ
̴δ£ɫףһ㣬ȫð亹ūȥ̫ҽ
ءһץס̴֣ηŵУú÷
̴䵣ĲѣȴֲҲչ˵ȥηźûʱѾȻ˯£ɲģ´ᣣһֱڴߣһҹ
峿ʱͷʹѣһΣﶼĸ뽫ӵ뻳Уȴô
ɺӡ
Щ𣿡̴̾ѣ᣹𣬡ҹ㣬˯òȣū澻̫ҽưɡ
ްڴߣ̴ͷͺá
̴Ƶʮָظ࣬ԼĪһӣɫźЩ
̴ױţ㿴»л
֪Щ£ر֣Ϊ¡΢ЦЦһӸ
»ڵأǧлظ˳ȥʼʹ̫Ȩ/µС̫ξķ̳ģġ


 13 

ϢԿԼ͵֧ΣҹߣȴֲҽȥΣļ٣ȴֲ󹬣¶Գ
Σڵȵҹһɫװһ֧ӣҹɫм䵽˾蹬ݶϡ
ԼҪҿƬһĳ嶯ֻƾԼĶδ˯ţҲƽȡ
µӷڴߣ۾һ֧ӴĿк
ӵֻ޹֮ڿ
֪δĵԭ궯ͻȻƽȣֱ˯š
һնˣ𽥽ǰԺ󣬸ԼĻᣬкܶȥԹ԰жȹ
ΪÿֵǸ˯ðȣ̴ҹţ˭ڴӡ
ҹº󣬸Ǹ̴ȥ˭֪蹬ұˣҲûǸӵˡ
̴ᣣʣҵǴ֮ˣ
ūãûҵ̴ǰ
ˣԷȻñ֪ȻҲ˻ȥ۶ԷǺˣûж⡣
̴˯£ԼȥҹһҹδǸ
ֽýҹЩ̴ǸѾͷײһϣȻ˯£ŻԼס
һžͼڵʣɲˣ
ǡ˵ţŴѹ˵̴ԲΪʵ˵Ĺ
üͷ
ǻ֮һ󹬵ɣһʵʮֳ谮յóͻãһλӣλȻҲˮǴߡ
˸ոսδûϳңʲô
ɻɻ󣬲۳Ҫʲô綼ˣ˽˴ۼؽϢ͵ǰ
ǣס˵꣬תȥš
ĺͳô˵̲סί⼸Ϊ֪˽˶£ȴһŲ֪ʲôҲ˵ǼЩ
գ̫ӽ飬ãڳϽ˼ԶһͨޣȻҲŹش
ޱؿųɫش̫һȻʵĿģɱĳȻϿʲô۾ܱ˵ģǵϲö۵ס
УԵĪڶ˼ɣƤЦⲻЦ˵šϲ֡ڸǰѵܹ
˳ã԰˹䡣
翴һ޴̻⣬Ц˫°Ͷˣ˵ϣ԰ĻǺãϴͳʱЩδأգѾȫˡ
ЦףǰҲüնδ⺢ӣӦһͬ԰ǡ
ǰϲͬøˣֻϧԺǼѿˡ޴˵䣬ʱס죬ŵ̾˿
˵ʲôЦݣ絶㿴޴
ū졣޴Լһƣϸͻ飬ϲ£οϧ
˵ԭ˼ɫЩĬؿԶ涷޵Ļ䡣
ϣճͳعĶӻһ˫ֵݸ޴ת죬⼸ճæҽŻϵ飬շŸҳʸϡ
콫ӹһĺɰɰŹгƽ
źɰ˵ܽ޵飿
ճͳعһ·ŻȥġʱʮְʹԽʳֻܴߵŮ̴˵һҹ˵Ѿûĸ񸸻ʴͻҪӣֻٰ㲻븸׽ĸ飬ֻƽڸߡ
һϯ˵۽ʪ/ˣֻ´ʷϣ˸ԵĻʵۣǰ޹˺ߡ
ʱæڳصҲЩŮǻ֮ЩӣⷢŮôׯϲ
Ϊһźõ£û뵽ȻǵŮѹ
⺢ӡ첻źۼĨȥԼ۽ǵˮ˰ˣȻˣ޾꣬ޣѵһŮ𣿡
紽΢΢˵볤ĸ飬ʵж
ūͽϢ߳ȥ޴Ըµˡ

 14 


޴СߣĹᱳѣҲκǰ˵ʲô
ǰ컹ʱ޴£㱻ɱˣֻڻǰ˵仰δѻϣԸϡ
֪Ϣʱˣ绹зӣ̴ЩӸԱл⡣
һԵĴԣһ⡭
ôؿ
ûûʲôƺԼʧ̬飬ūֻǾδ˲̰ͼǮ֮ˡ
ĬƬ̣־ɳΪΪĽƺĲӶģɳӣҲûиõĶлˡ
̴ȥɡ˰֡
ǣūȥ̴ˣӳСóһӣúɰװˣֱȥס
̴ʱɫһ˲ѿ˼㣬üͷ̴ĺɰ·Ҫ۵顣
ͳ飬һɫؽ̴ŵĺɰסǸָǲ֪δлˣֻ⣬⡭
һӵĺ壬Ѿ֪˵ȥ⻰˵Լ顣
̴һµվںȻһˣܸоȻĿҲҶȴŰӡ
˫ֽճȭ΢΢˱ۣûȥ߳ΪӣΪӦԺ󡭡ۺ£ӡ
ӦúˣôõıԼĻᣬͳ˶֪úðգż
̴ȥ̽˵ͳ˲δ̴ֹת뿪
ͳʲô˵Լ˵ŭľһ·ֱ蹬ſڣضͷϲһϸܵĺ顣
лδˣū澽ȥˡ̴ǷǷ
ãŵضˣĵĺԲ˲ʵͳˡ
壬ͳȥͻȻ֣һתߡ
̴Īؿ뿪ԭƬ̣ת˽˹š
ô˵̴˵ľЩΣܾ˵ĻƺԼ
̴ǣū澲аԡ
ĬȥȥˣһսɱУұ
֪ΪΣڹһͳ죬ǰ˵۶зʾȻôδ˼Զȥ綨ʮַƣڴϣ԰ʵ֡
˵£üĿ𣿡ͻȻ̴
˵֮ǰڼ˺һӣϵϷ룬ȴվǱͽ˹̴Լ⼸ղ˵Լһ
Ϊ𣿡һڲˮԼǰȥ˿
ɴ˼˶Դ¶ؿƿū澴̴ɫЩȴֻ鵽棬ʵڳΡ
ū澵ɴ˼һʶū澳ȥԣһ߸ͷһ˵
ˣȥԡ˵ͷ΢΢۾
̴˵ϱӾ֪飬˽֮ǰôԸ⣬ƽ֮ȴ/֮£Ե߻أҲþ˺ӡ
ʱǳȴδõʵ۵ӣڹûʲôڸУҲ֪˲֪顣
˽ۣ˽֮ǰ˽̫˼Զ/ң֮ô˻ӣ֪̫ӵĻǻϵġ
ȻЩǹŮ̫˽ۣ˸˵ϡʺǰȥҪ÷Ҫ꣬ʱޡ
Ⱳ
¶һЦݣеĲ豭յء֨֨졣
עǱߵĶкβףתվŵ»˵вƼ
ǣūס»ġ
΢΢ף»Ĺŵùģ飬Ҳӹɡ
˵ŻйֵˣżйֵСŮﱧżװ
̴ɻʣùúЩ·
Ϊ֮ǰѾ˺ü׳ͳβǳȥΧԣװˣôЩ
Ǻεݣūƽ׽ЩܣŴ˴λɲҪúڳǰһЦø⿪ģ۽ƶ⼸׳йūǵ⣬
ù˵ﻰйֵǶõģڴлˡݸһЦ崺硣
ңԿɺһۣǼСŮ̽·ϡ                        
лҪ˵磺~ϱȻӸлңҪʲôҪģվֻһ㡣

 15 

̴ʹ·йֵû˵£˿һһ֣ͰļĵøӰ֬£öǡ
̲ס̾
𡣡ЦЦȴԳ֮ɫΪվһҡ
·һڹŮϲ̵ʹͻйȥˡ
ոһԼӣͿһƬڰкӰŵЩгȴһס졣
ң塣Ӱߵ˵ˣɿ֡
ҪÿδϢͲܴ𣬻ǰ֪һҪ˭ŭúϮؿڡ
㲻±˿˵˽ͨ𣿡ֵǰ£˵˿ڱԡ
СӣûһΡһ䣬һ裬˵ɣʲô
ûʲôһڲˮʽ·ɻϲ
ù·ʮϲԼԲţΪ˵ҿйõġ
ǣչùնáæصصͷ·ˣ͸ЩΣΧԻһȥɡ
ˡ˵꣬ɫȻ˵⵽Ϊʲôô࣬ȴʲô˵
ӵ⣬ܲµġ̾˿˵ʲôȴû˵յ⣬Ҳãȴʼûд𰸡
˵⣬˶Ĭ룬֮һֱϱ⣬ֻǾԼ䲻ϳ
ǰЩ꣬ȵۿսҵȴһھܾЩֻڻʹڷչԼҲ͸֮С
ϿֻǸͳ죬ڳеص̸ڣС
Ļʵۻʱ֮УҲ֣жչˡ
һרŮ˵ֱһУΪԼΪȵ˵սʱԿһŵ⡣
սģȴһССĽͳ죬ȻΪԼôֻһ𰸣ЩΪκʱ򶼱ó
ڹл˰뱲ӣſҪʮˣռ˹еǵһμ֮ˣҲΪµһԭ
ҸˣվΧ֮ڣߺ󹬻͹ùö⡣վһҾ
СӵǶˡЦЦ뿪
һƵĹ򴰻գۼûҹɫС
ʱ׾Թ϶ܿ㵽³﹬ⶼæµΪΧ׼
ʱģ̴ڹȦ󱳱бϸҹ˸һԡ˯˸Ⱦ
峿ú磬ճʱȥΧԣͺǰʱȥſڵš
˴ΧԣϽ½ʺֻ˺½ȥΧ
̴Ϊʩ죬ĵʤѩڴǳɫȹɫɴ£¶Ĳȹѩ¹⻪кڵء
ǧ˿÷ͷϲһ֧ʹ͵Ľҡƣһ֮ˡ
ʰ׵ţִЩģֱȥſڡ
θյˡ˵ĽҲˣ˸ڹſںš
ԼĪӺ٣Ѿˣһ˽ӳ΢΢ǷǷȥˡ
ʱǰһ̣ϵ㵽˹ſڣ˵Ĺݡ
ĬĬ̧ͷһģµʩ죬̾ƲĿ⡣
оһº͵Ŀ⣬ĿȥĿԣǳǳһЦ̶ִ
ɫ΢΢ȥȥΧԴ˾ģ᲻ΪĳҹӣȻΪβԸûϴͻ飿
밲ϣԻصԼϣһ˺ƺƵΧȥ                        
лҪ˵Ԫ֣ǣԸԽԽƯԽԽǮ??

 16 

һ·һ죬λŵĺǻڼ仹˼ΣҲòȥ
ȴ˿ӦһȥôԶĵطʮ˵ʲô
ڵطʱɫѾȫŻǼƣЩ³
ҲһЩȴǰأǱŮߣúࡣ
һ˸кԹԵˣȥϢһ·ߵͷɢˡ
ѾȵĴȥΧˣűע⵽µøעĿˣ΢΢ۡ
һҲǻӵģֻΪϲµοǱɣһϿôҲһͳ
ոսͱˣûʲôɫģмһˣһŮŻԼĴȥˡ
˵Ҫȥһȴ˻ָߡ
˺꣬΢Щ̧ͷȴԶվˣɫ΢䣬̶Ƿ񣺡μ
ˣ岻ʣҽΪơ˵꣬һ̴
̴⣬΢΢˸׼ȥҽ
ɫ΢䣬ǷǷ˵ͷߵ߱ҽŮȥЪЪãлġ
˶Լ곤Ůһۣ˵˸Լӡ
º͵ЦЦˣҲǿ˻ȥϢ
лٶǷǷŮ߷ŻԼĴȥˡ
ͶȥıӰ˵ɾã˹ֵֹģ
˹ǣǺܻ꣬¶βͣҸɿΧЩӶˡ
ǣūסȻ֪ΪͻȻ˸Ȥ̴ȴδʣֻųķԸ¡
صԼĴʣţ΢ʰһ£Լôƣ̴ŴΧһߣʳ
˼ԶһˣȴһֱûʱҲûнȥ͵Χԣ˿̼ԼĴʳֻһŮҹɫȥ
ƺ֪Լһβ͡һһ̴˵Żҹɫãһߣ˶ˬ
̴󲻶ԣ΢΢üѹ˵ƺڸǡ
ʣ»Ǳߣ׼ˣ
̴ǣ»ŻѾ׼׵
ЦЦӹһ˿⣬̴Խȥ·ûзֺŵˡ
ϵü˼ԶһɲǣѾϣֱӽ˼ԶΣɿ飬·׼ʲô
ڣ£ųҿҪʲô
̴С·ȥ˿ѾΧһξ룬˼ԶϲѣߵԽԶԽ֣
߱ʣǰ𣿡
ǡ̴˵ͷ»˵ǸλãӦþǰ治Զ
ɫǰһɲ̾͵ԲΣ˹ǣ߹ȥɫýżԣһƬطǿյģƹǸطǰȥ
ܿ죬һƺߣһ˵ĲҽУ˼Զֻ˶ǰû뵽Ȼ
˼Զˤ߻أϾҵʹǰȻһڣԴ϶ðǣǿǽվ۾ŽԼĿǰĴ
⿴һԶ壬滹м޼УԼҽǱ޼иסˣϢʹѪסš
˼Զòͷ̫ˣң
վڲԶʹ΢΢˱ۣһһϣ˼Զһ·βû˵ĵطǿ
ƴ̴ţŵѣû뵽̴
գΪ̴ֲ̿е˸ǰ˼Զȸ״˵ʧ̴ִ
һŮû˻⣬ĻҲţֻԼһĺöӣ²֮ȴ˱úܲһʮʮ٣֪Ȼ֪ܵعԼ׸硣
û̴ıڹбùԮ˼Զ/Ϸǻʺ󻹹ЩܣԼĶԶһ㣬ֻ˼Զѽ븹
ʱ𣬻ʺɱģƽ޹һֻͷһɵľߥŻʵۣԶ޺ףһٺüá                        
лҪ˵˼ԶҺۣ
ԺеأЦing

 17 

ô죿̴ЩãȻؿţƺãȻĳ
ɫһ䣺סҹûгûм̫ӡ
̴ӦһƳһأںе̫ӣʱ֪˼Զ˵/ҹβ泤ֻ²ʲô£ͽк˲ɷã
һͬԭ·ߣ޵˼ԶԹ۵硣
翴Ű˼ԶͬʱȴޱȣȻ֪ҹᷢʲô׼Ӧԡ
˿̿ƺҲ֪ҹ˶ͼı죬ں˿ӵ˼Զȥһоɺϣǡ
뵽һֿܣȴţԼǰܹһˣôôɵ飿
ңһһòģҲ̫ңһ·򵽱ĮʱֻУѾ绯ʬǡ
һ̣еǶΪУʮ˲ĸ֮ħԼеĳԾЩĮķ²֮У˰ɱ
ĮͼһճǼƣɱĮ²ʱŴ˷ΧУ̼䣬ɱڶ
ܼ޵ĮĽʿһа٣ľɱ˸ֲţѾˡ
ֻгޣͼ£뱱Įͬھ
˼Զʧ٣ϵģΧһƬң췢˺ôƢ˶˶ȥ̫ӡ
һʧ롱ܵʵĴ˲밲żʣʣҵ𣿡
컹δڣͿ̴żܽ嵽ǰ£ż̫ӵ£ҲȰЬϰҹ˷纮Ǻã
ע⵽ŵǹŽܹģ̫ܵϸܵĺ飬ŵѾĥˣſѪɫĽӡġжѣҲ۲ѡ
ôͻһɵһؾããǿεˡ
תѵ̴콫ЬϣЩū澣źģ
̴ū澸ū澸
̴һ߸һ߻æЬϣȻĬĬһԡ
ĪҪǶʧ٣̫żæͣȻһʣҵ𣿡
ûС˵꣬ɫʱ
ΧԵһ̫Ӿʧ٣˭ĵȻ˵ı֮£
ʣȥһ֡˵ţתߡ
̴ߵףȻĬĬҲȥ
ոߵſڣͿ߽翴ּҴҵģ
磺
δˣҵ𣿡֪ղĿȫ鿴ĺܽţż
΢΢üܾóǰ̫һĳػ
سĻδҵ̫ӵ¡Ҳһżģ֪ŽƹǸ塣
ǻȥң쳹ŭˣ˸롣
ƬһأЩϣ粻źۼ£һӦһ˳ȥ
ɫһ䣬Ҳͷ˵ţʣȥһ֡
ߵ⣬ڲԶվţ΢΢ףƺڵ
δˡ˹ȥǳǳһЦ
һȥϢ̫ӵҵ΢΢֣Ŀϣļ΢΢һ̴ۣͳȥϸ
лδ˹ģû£һЩͷѡ䣬Ŀ·͸ǰĺڰһ
ĬĲãǿ϶ԼǸ뷨ǵһеĳۡ
̴˿磬ֿ˿һʱ֪ô졣
żæŵܹһ磬ʱĿ΢΢˸һҾδˡ
֮󣬽ϣϸ
ʱһͬ˹ûĶˣֱܽƬ̺Ŀ
ʣôʧٵģϾһĸͬĿмڵġ
챾⣬˿̱һޣԽķңǳ죡ʲôޣֿܰ޻𣿡
Ŀ̿ɤۣʴδѵû˵죬ŴӴֱܻܳԼȥˡ
££磬˵ͷԴ̴˵ȥ̫ӵ¡
̴ʹһһ񣬱һͬˡ

 18 

򰵴˸ƣһӰ̸ˣб
ΧԵĵһڵƻͨѰ̫ӵ֮жȹֱɫ˼Զ΢ĺУȻء
˼ԶһͿʼԷգ˵ôأһ߽еҽټ̫ӵĴһز˭̫ӡ
˼Զ齱ߣǿŶģžΪ˼ԶȥϵѪ
ūɣҲ˰̴ţ˵
ע⵽۵߹ȥɵӣôūźҽţֲµģ֪˵ֱضʮֿġ
תͷۿ΢΢죬촽߻ѪȻǼͲûп޳
ղǸԵľڻڷƢˣԽƫԼĴŮ¡ʶ壬ĵشơ
ݽҧ´ƺǿԼĲʣҪȥ˼ԶѪȴתһ˲䣬εĻ
缸һ˲ǰסȴڿֵͬʱջԼһֻţֻֽճȭϻԵ˼Զɫѿ˼㡣
죬ҽơæֱӽԼĴڣȻҽΡ
̫ҽԺҽϸΪּĽŵף֮תϣԭˣδܳȥ̫ӵ£˿Щ񻯣Ҫ̸˿ڡ
ǻʲô˿ֱ̼ŭ죬ЩҽճɻҽβóĽţޱ㿳˫ţ
ҽӦһæдҩ»ȥҩȻԼִҩҳҩҩ
д˺һɫô԰ףתȥ̴úչ˳
ո뿪˸ڽҽ򷢳ȥϡԡ۾
»أɽﶼɾˣɫ
ۿҩȻʼ֮ɤۣ˻ɤæǣ»ɾˡ
̴ۿ齱ߣ߿ޱ˵˳ū澶Ҫˡ
޷۸㲻ʲôɫ䣬˿ŵ׵жأһܵĥʮ֮һ
̴Ȼסˣ޵ñ˿̶ϲεعڽεϣԵЩóǰһˡ
ǰĳȻҲʹΪҲû˹ģǻһ˶͵͵ؿޡ
̴ô룬ȴû˵ڣǰĳ̫ۣڵĳȻ÷ȴҪ˼ķʽۡ
磬Ȼһ䡰޷۸㲻ʲôҹҵĿۡ
뵽һܵ΢΢˫ĿƬ̼۽ʪ˫ȭգʱеʧȡ֮׵İ
˼Զһһҹ峿˹ɫ࣬Χ㶼һ
£Ҳɳһﰵһ죬ȴʲôû
콻һǵսľĽɽֻ̫ӵһȥĺۼԼȥġ
ʢŭ֮£Ȼ޷֪˼ԶѾˣ̹ȥ
δߵ̫ӴʸǰˤԼŭЩõüͷ
̫ӹȥڣ˼ԶָŲԶվŵŭֻϧԼ˲ܶȻһ˹ȥǰġá
˼Զ֮˼룬֪ں棬˹⽫ڲɽŮ˼֮ǰδС
ĪҪ߾ˣϸ˿ڡǸӣֻв޵ǣЦⲻ۵ס
̫Ǳ/ɽܡ˼Զŭһӡ
Ҫ뿪ĽŲŭĵ˼Զ̹˵ʲôʲôг/գ鲻ãҪҸ
˵ѾǺۿҲ˵ȥ
ǶԸʵһף⣬ֻиʲŻ㡣˼Զһ
˼ԶУ˵ϴŻᱻƭǴ治֮ԡ
ڻʵ仰ɼع˹ǣԼδ֣˼ԶԼ
ڻʵ߶꣬޴ȻҲСؿһۻʵ۵ı飬Ȼѿɱ֮⣬ش˸

 19 

޵֪ڲޣɫõڣ۾۵Ůļ磬㻹һȥЪš
ͻȻڴڣ˼ԶһĻڳ֮ǰק˻̻ضʱҭ˸ȥ
ۡһ޳ı䣬һֱڴ֮Уδȥ
Ļ̫һδŮ˵ǡݡ
һʱġŮļ磬ƳһԱ߸ŵ̴ȥвأҪԴ
̴æǰǣū澽ǡ
뿪ŰĿͶ˼ԶΪ̫ӣǳ֣Ȼ˸Լ˵ţ
˼ԶһҲɵӣ֪ԼŵĻȥæشӴ˫ϥأˡ־壬󸸻𷣣
޴ʵ۵ɫ䲻ƣȴδʢŭŵӿڣʧ٣һʱѯʵıǳŽϵ˵һҹҵ֮ԼˣΪѪǹе飬ū˶ж֡
޴˵Щ첢δֹϣŮһźһƬ͡
˼Զû뵽ԼԲ֮ʱȻϷ㣬ѹָæڵأˡǲ֪Щԩˡ
Ȼ˼Զˣվǲ̣ʾ޴̫ӷ𣬺úõذٵϢ
̫Ӵʣϵı鷭ޱȵһ䣬֮ǰǸϧŮ̱ۣ˶ɢűɱ֮⡣
ôŮϷ룬Լʵվ˼ԶҪЩ
ͻȻ뵽һ£һΪ˼ԶһǱˡ
һΧԵĵڶ㱻ȥޣһΧԻδ֣λ϶谮мӡ
ҹ˼Զƣޣôֱ֮㲻ڣǺǻ
˼ȴ»һͺȴϣ̧ȥֻ»һ¹ڳꡣ
ԼĪ֮꣬Ǻÿ۾ںʯһ貣β̣֮۴һĪķΡ
һɫˣһվãԼץҵԼ»סȥ·粽еΣʹڷңҲԼˡ
λС㣬Ӻúõش·ͰС£ϰԵһҡ֣ŷԼпһȱǰסȥ·Ĵ³֮ײˡ
»űװһĽûн͹ϵΪĸС㡣
»꣬ʾ»ˣƿ·
ϣȴĵظǰ治ԶЦе˵С㣬ϣԵɷ֪ļС㣿
ؿһۣĪ˸Ƭ֮پЦ˵Լ쾹һСѾͷˣ˵ȥôˣ
»һֻ֣ץСƵĺ죬ʹ㽫Զһ㡣
ȴԼĴû˿ԾЦӯӯعֵ·֮սʶС㣬ҡ
·֮
Ȼͣס˽ŲûǴ·֮ڸ׸·ͨĶӣ·׸һΨһͬԹȥƽϢսĳ
·ͨһʮֱ־ǿСͷȻһֹ֮ףȴһٶָۣ˼Զ˾ٲףձ˼Զڼҡ
·׸ǸмģȻĶӣȻҪ飬·֮Ҳ֮Щ
Ȼݡ͡ҲֹڲΪ񣬽һٰˡ
»ſ˵꣬תߡ
·֮գ˵ԼȻǳһš񡱵ֻҪŮӣ۶ɽᱻġò۷
Ȼ·֮ҪѾãΪͻ롣
ۼšɽˡҪƤӵʧ·֮ܰݣ׷ȥδӽһα༦жƵ׽ס˺졣
磬ſң·֮ƳһԱߵˣʱŭӵ޲һµˣȻ֪Լѹ򲻹
·֮ԺԶһ㣡ĥźм⼸֡                        
лҪ˵~~~·֮Сɰߣλٿɻϲ

 20 

ʺɫôΨһһ˵εյֵܣ·֮һôעԴǣġȫЩСġ
·֮üǵҽĻ򡭡һͣ٣Դвͫʣʤǧ
·֮ʵʵ˸Īض磬ⷴԵɣǸղǸĪǡ
磬治ֵܣϲǸֱ˵ǡ·֮Цһȭļϣ֥ǲ⡮ˡ
类ǰ仰˵úһϣûĺһۣתߡ
Ҵ˻𣿡·֮죬һ·ίͰ͵ģߣ治֪ˣָԵطġ
ǡ纮һƲɫ
·֮˹ǣ˻֪ղǸĽ飬֪Բһ㡣
ԽԽԶ·֮һΧʣղǸ˭
˰β׹·ָ֮ĸʵʵش𣺡ǳ¡
·֮Ŀ࣬ԭ˺һͨһЩ飬ѹȥ۳ҽȴĸԸһͳְ֮
Ϊ˴£·֮Ȱģȴִˡ
Լգ˵ѹԼˡĳ඼硰ͷ黹һ񡱵İ
·֮ظ̾˺һŴȥҹӺ٩һȴۼƳĹߵ߹̼ƵԱߵȥ
˭֪Ǹһ·߽֣֮ͿĹϾ·ǰ
·֮μĹ޿ɱܣ·ֻ֮
·֮Щһֱűʲô˼˫ֲԣһʦ顣
ʲô˼·֮úΣѾֵôˣǸɵӶ˰ɣ
Ȼ⻰ǲ֮ڿڵģ·֮ȻѣȴڲϧԼС
Ĺ˹ȻԸ񣬲ǲٰۡ·֮ѵһ˵
һһҭؼţջǿ߹ȥҡҡ䣺֮磬Ĳǹ˵ģ˭Щ澵ҽӽ㡣
·֮ɫһ䣺ĹҲǡ񡯶ѣЩһĹۣߡ
֮磡æקס䣬ңҲǸ˼㣬ôܺЩһأ
βһѵΪˣ·ֶ֮һôأҲϲٳЩ飬һֱԸ;
㣬֮磬ǹҪ𣿡Щί죬ۿٿȻ죬ǴСһ𳤴⣬Ǳܱȵģ
Ϊ˲ӣǿԼĵĲãӲ澡ĳˡˡ
ݱ΢Ĺһ֮硯ǡ·֮˵꣬˦֣ͷҲصˡ
һʱ޴վԭأίȪӿһû
ĬĬ߹ѹ˵ū˵·Ц⣬볤˵˺һĻ
Ц⣿ͻȻԹؿһĴʷ֮ôԶԱŮЦ˫ȭݺݵ˵㺦һ壬ָ֮磬ҶҪ㡭
û˵꣬ͱشˣ⻰˵
һվŵǣŷӦæտڲԣеԹֻ
˼Զʱһҧ壬һֻŲܲμΧԣǰɶŮ͡
κΣôȥһҲǱʹһ٣˳
ŮˣΪԵģĶҪ˳֮λ˵Ҫ·֮
ȻˣͱĺҪ֪֪ʲô£Ҫ۵ġ
ԭվһԺйһ齫δж˿ĳЦʮֹ뿪ˡ
ʱϰвŵһʵ۵Ĵȥ
һ磬ΧԿʼյΧӵܷ׷ԾԾԣ͵Ľ
СҲܹڿ̨˸߲ҵؾһ𣬶ΧԳϵҹͷ㣬˵˵ģ潿ߣӬ
ЩŮӣԺ޹˼ɵİĽһˣͻȻĽԼӶûİĽ˭
º͵ЦЦЩõĸ飬ޡӲģʱ/                        
лҪ˵ǣĩԣ߾Ҫ࿼ҪľСɰ٣ʱôô(ţ 3)

 21 

֪ΪΣܾΧԳһӰεĿ⿴ɵתͷȥʱȴʲôû֡
ڶתͷȥʱ·֮ǻƵģԼſ̨߻裬ǵÿ̨һƬЦ
ЦҡҡͷҲ֪·ͨǸϹŰ壬ôô뾭ѵĶӣ
Ե̴̲סЦūǸ·ӣͦȤ
һԵĴ·ٺãҲûδ˶ǳġ
̴һ֪һô໰ĴΪͻȻΪδ˵գգۣȤĪǽ㡭
δ˵꣬ȴƺҪ˵ʲôɫشĻԣ
̴һһԲĳ죬вǳʲô裿
λýƫС˵ĻδȥΨһľˣûɵһǰζһͦεıӰ
ϱ粻֮Եһ仰δ˵ÿμ棬ش룬Ǹ米ֱıӰǴһΨһĽ
ΪǶ˴Ľȴ޶˶⾿ıб֪ԭ
ĥ͸תͷУͦΣƱһӷ˴Լ
룬ǸδµСֻ¾ͰĽĶ˰ɣ
ͷһ¶ͷһعεؿ𴦣ЦԼȻЦֿɱͷѵǱȻŮӰ죬ͷ
о̨ϵĿ⣬繴˹ǣԽֱ˼米׼ҹһΧԣŵлӮһǰĿ⣬ˣҲ㹻ϲա
·֮Ȼϸ΢ı鶼۵ףüһļ磺ӮģΧӮӡ
紽һ䣺ɡ
˸ž⣬ֻĿ£Żм˵ʻϢ˷·Ǵдġ־ڱصá
·֮ԴЦѣţϲ
ݵһƥɫĿɫ¶ϲɫǻһΧԣľͬ
˼ɡ˼㣬ԼһڽԶ֮ǰŻʵ۷۵糸ؽΧԳ
һѫӵԶظţΧɢȥѰ
ʱ̨ǰŵ˰֣С˵ѵΧԣҲȥɣű
һô˵ЩΧС׷¶ϲɫһкظȥ
Ƭ̼䣬ԭֵĿֻ̨ʣˡˡ
Ƴһſ˵ʲôԼݣֽҪѿڶĻ˻ȥ˵Ĺһȥ棿
лӲˬͻȥЪˡ΢΢Ƿˡ
һߣ̨ϱһ˿˵վ͸ӹ
˵Щǲϲô׼˵ͻȻһ֮Ϯɫһ䣬æ̨ȥ
ɼƳһ۰»̻⣬ȥתͷΧԳУȺСѾȫ·վǰԾԾԡ
һǣһƥרСվǰѡ
ЩģҲΧԳСЩģɽǣΧΧһߡ
ʱ̴ĬĬӿ̨ߵߣ˵ʲô
˹ǣվˣȤҲȥմ֡
ͷҲأ·ûվһҾ˵ˣСš
лˡ΢΢ףɴȥ·
һźɫȻɫ̫ۣҲͣԵý޿ˡ
յǰ̱һڼǣһƥ˳С߹Цݣ£ƥ˳ԡ
Ŀɨһڼֱ࣬ڼ亹᯶䣬üۣȷʵ
ĥʲôԸͦȤЩڴû뵽׾ӵֶΣ׻Ǹ߿á
ūŷڼ˵ţ͹ǰ󱳳ǰ
ͬʱ߽һˣϥأ֦Ҷˣ΢
ϸƣЩ죬ȴ벻
δߵĺ帱ͳ졣 ̴ϴȥΪΧؾ蹬Ǽǵõġ
żһҲǸߣĹĸ΢΢һЦǱлδˡ                        
лҪ˵ϲ֮Сɰһ죬O(_)O

 22 

ڼһ̣뿪˵ʲôȴĿһæˡ
źָ˵汾лδˡ
Գ˵˶ֽš
һǣƵЦЦδ˵ĺⱾˣδء
ںĳ֣ȻΪͳ죬ǵСǻ治һʧְ
üͷԶȥĳ˵񣬳Ȼ֪⣬ȴȻҪȥǺã
ǳٸë˻᲻ֱӰƤ
ԼԼ˺ôһ̲ס󱳴һ亹űӿظ˳һӹ
ɺǣΧԳΧߣһʼƥȻʮֹ˳ߵʮƽȡ
ϣȻ뵽ԼͼУǱģ˫ʮֽŵؽסһ㱡亹
Ϊ֪⣬ŻẦ£̲ס԰οģ΢ڣ¡
Ƭ֮ɫ㿪ʼɷֽ٣·֮УԺвסظԼ²壬ڱĮʿЦУͼٰĳ
žԣǺ£ֱۣ
ڴʱƥͻȻͷ˿񣬿ŭ˻ţǰڿգҪȥ
岻ǽнĸ֣ŲæһֻסҲôǰٿȻأֻʣŲ˻ˡ
һֱֻ۷ǰʾԼֱȴ·ħһţ
ʱ̴ʩչṦһԳ󱳾һë
ԶԶܹ
ɫɷ̴ֽĻнԼһţ۵ص֪͸úúȰŹҪðղǡ
Щԣǿȥ̴ţÿһַ·Ǵӱǻг
ͷҴƳһԱߵĺ壬̴һųشȥˡ
һƥ˹ȥ˳ܾ飬ڻϵ֮ǰǲ˽Դƥġ
ҽϵĴʱֻ潩ڴϣһħ飬˫ĿȻţȴһƬնæǰΪ
̴ַƽϾ۾ƺδգһ¡
̴ۿһԣüĿһţǵĵʱҲžһˡ
ҽ
ȴûƵģ˿ؽţ·ԼеĸӦ
ҽΣ̴ʡ
ҽü˿ûչ˼̶ִֵҡҡͷˣһȴ·Ǳסˡ
̴Ȧֺ˼֣Ҫβѣ
һʼղ˵һ仰鲻ضųΪΪܾЩʯ˫ȡ
ҽҡҡͷûзӣסˣԼԸǱѣֻԺ󶼻ᡭ
ҽ´ɻ䣬㼰ʱס˿ڣɫؿ̾Ϣҡҡͷ
ʱʵ˴һӰһƵľ˽ֱڴ齱ߡ
˭Ծϥ˺ߵλ˳
̴üδˣǳʣôǡ
磬龭һ·Ṧʩչ¸ϻ
ܶ簲ŵˣǸ˵һ֣Ȼ˼ɵֱӽ˴ʡ
ܶӿΣյϢ³֣ȥ
̴Ҫ䣬ȴ죬ǿ˳ȥǣԼһȻڿĴǰ˿޷ʩչ
Ŵ˿̵ð·Ҫɱ˵ŭҽһ·𶼸Ųߡ
ڴ⽫ҽסһЦҽڹ£Ȼ֪ʲô¸˵ʲô²˵űǡ
ȻҲǿʯȴҽŵһţҽѾǻ겻壬Ĭվһԡ
ֻʣϢʱɢѪɫŮãȻ޴˫ȭɣֽһһģ·ʱпƷ
գСذ齱ߣ·޼֮Ƶģ˫޳ʳָڴߡ
ѹţһһٵ˵ȥĶ˰ɣһڣỤȫ
ͳ˻ƣÿ˵һ֣ľͷһ֣˵꣬ľͿҪǻԾˡ                        
лҪ˵:ұңҲһöTnT

 23 

˿̷·ڱĮУͼУУΨһɴ±ϳѪۣ/¶ĿС
ѩذ׳Ѳٽ۵ļкޱ飬·ѾľˣֻЩʹȲ֡
ͻȻһתֱϣͼذϴЦ⡣
ذ׾ջһʱһؿڵͼıԶϣȻ󻺻ȥһس
Ŀϣò۾ѵ̧ͷȥһͦɵӰסʵĹâ·Ŀⶼкһ֮ϡ
գȴϡ˺ϤϴȥĶ˰ɣһڣỤȫ
һȥҪḧգò
ϵʯıƺ΢΢һĵʳָ˶ӹĴǡ
ʶĶȴѱɱõһӽյͷ⻺պͶ󣬺۽ǵΡ
硰䡱һվǱƵһ˳ȥ
ԼͿҪǸ˵ӣǰȴͻȻվ·𱻹Ƶˡ
ĺ廹Ӧ͸оǰһΣӱһ˲ӷ￴ȥѾûͳ˵Ӱӡ
壺
զģǻƨˣ
ؿһҽֱ亹乵صͷȥתȥ׷һܳȥ硣
뿪ŷſ̴̴תһ۵ͷĴ˵Ȼز¶ԼȥҪúһ
̴첽УֳξȻȻǽţ鶯˶
ūˡ̴˵ţȦֺ
ޱתͷһ̴ԼǰʶԼ֮УѾһ顣
ǸղֵǸӣҲǼٵģΪξǾ仰ʵ·
ʱĬĬ߽ƺǲ̫ӽͨһڴſڡ
գգۣǳѹ̴ŻŴ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴȻ̱죬΢΢ۡ
첽룬ɫҰ׵ذϣɫһ˲ûްĿһ۵ϹŵĴ
죺Ⱥūţź򳤹ģ
ľһū澸
ҪһŽ߳ȥͻȻŮ۾㼱߹ȥоˣҽƹ
лʣްҽѾƹˡһҰ׵Цݡ
ſվŵҽŴԣ𷽲ź뿪ʱǾһۣ£Ӳ˲亹ĬĬƲڡ
Ȼҽͷøˣ°ͼؿػϵĻ˲СľţҪһӡ
ıſںȵ硣
ղŻһ˵ȴ·һֱڣ̵أڡ
޲飬Ҫ˭죬ı޶Ҫ˶ι齱תͷʱǺͷϸ꣬˾ţʶΪ
˽Լս֣Ƴһ۴ڣֻһֱۣܿǵķȥ
ʣ£ԼȡɫЩһЦԵó
ŮˡԽǿŭ˵ӣΪ룬̫˵ʲôã㲻ضԣѾҪϳ֡
˵꣬ƺúΣָ˵ŮĶͷѽʱܶԼһ㣿Ҳգиڣܲί
ΧԳϵǸ׹ǾϸѵģСǵǹ˳λԵ޹ʵܾ
żգ̫볤£˵ɺϣš
򴽣ۿ˵лʡ
һ˵⻰ҪжΪԼĸ׸ͿأֻϧʱĸʣǸ˵һĻضҪѪܵĵӡ
̼ǵϴθʶ˵ʱ껪ȥףԷͣס
ֶ˵ЩĵĻɫŷ뿪񽻸ҽ
ҽԼļϷ·˰صĵӣѹȴֲòľҽγ
ʯͷƤߵڣȴ˰֣˵ҽû£⿪ЩķӼɡ

 24 

⡭ҽѹһҪԼĲ˸𣬵ִŵ˵ΪٿӲ١
ľţ⿪ӡ̴˵ţдһļơ
ͷʹԼֵ̧֣һ˲䣬ƺŵһϤϢղšֻΣ
ҽȥˣصӣԼ²ǲ
̴ôȥȴ־òףչ˳ƺҲףȨ֮£Ƶĵһ۴ҽȥ
֮Уֻʣʹˣһʱ䣬š
֪˶ãƮƮ˵ȥδ˹л˵
ȴʼûж˵һ֣վȥ硣
ֽһСŮ΢ʰһԼô㲣ǰһˮůůӡ
ԼĪһյĹ򣬱ʵȥ鰸ͳĴڣŮǲߣ˫ȭգָ׼Ƕġ
ջѡһƽļ淽ʽһҾ
ƳһֻۣͷԼֿ߶δ˰ŵˣȻֻҶˣδΪС
ʱҲǶ̽ҡسֻ²ߣܶš
ŵĺô˵ϲܽ£˵֪ͳ˶ˣǲǴǶ˺½
ͬĴ£尵Ǽͳ˹ľ˵˵һж˵Щ궼Ϊʲôһһ˵
۽һ˵Ȼ֪ˣаתǧأĽ鶼гȴ֪ԼҲ᲻Ը
ĬƬ̣΢΢վֱӣẦ
ŵĺΪȣͳһת˦߻أЩһͷԵ
壺
׼ˡ
·ûĻԹԵؿԼ֣»ˣ
һߵˣĹѡޱΣȴδ뵽һȻˡ
»ƺһıйأڤڤ֮з·һƵߣ˵˽һ
΢΢ףǡ
ЦЦѹ֮ǰҪˣ̴ô鲻ǡáˣӦؽֻҲֱʡ
̫·˺ָܴ΢΢ף˺ܾò˵仰㶼ˣѰ˼ԶˣҲģ
Ȼôȥңôһҹҵ
ʵش𣺡ǡ
ԣ΢΢˱ۣŲ豭ֲļҪˮ˼Զ˼Ȼ֪ˣһʱ֮ҵزѡ
ΪԹȥмȵ飬ˮһ㣬ٿ沨ǰһ̲ˮըһС
֪Լʹ˿ڣڿ˼ؽ͵ֻǿβ泤˹ȥʲôδ壬˵֪̫ӡ
׾ӵĽͣԼѿС֪Լ߿ܱģȻһů㱼侹ˣǰӰغϣΥ֮У·𱾾һˡ
һ硭ʱ˵Ļ
Ȼȴδʳڣ侲ЩʣΪΰң
֮˵
ǵԼոʱʮǻŭ޴ͷţһ뵽ıɱ˼ԶΪ
ɱʱСӣǿǲ˵飬һɳ˿˼ȫģȻ书߾ץҲֻʱ⡣
ʱӦûûһģֻǹȴһڳ˵ľǿ
ֻǸԼ˼꣬ʵڱĿҲ֪ԼֳץһЩ޹Źйߣŵӳ˼Զڣ̴Э£ˡ
˼Զʱߣ뵽ԼǸһ綼ܴСģ׵ĽԼԺСˡһ١
ʱȣףѾһˣʱúúõģδһһпѡ
֮㿪ʼıһУҪδ̫ӣزһһϦ顣
Щ꣬һµ󽫾һ÷ƣ˫մ켺ѪȨȴδڰ֡

 25 

˵ľ֮һͬļ仺ԺиֳЩãȻû뵽һ֮
£ˡ΢΢˱ۣǿԼᣬ˹֡
תһ˲䣬·߽һж󣿡
һ٣˵ֻ㹻һǰˡ
˳ĬƬ̣ȷǷԼ⣬ҲͼװԼṳ̂߳˴ʡ
뿪̴ĬĬ߽ڣǷǷתȵ
»ʣһͬ˫ϥأǰͬ˵볤
һЦǺôı£ڱЩӣ֪
Ӿҵһūδ˰ڳߣԳĹ¿ɼ
»ͲԴǣ˿̸ǲ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôֻŵȴ䣬ƺҪҲܶ˵˽Լ
̴һǱ˰ڳߣ˵áġ֣Ц
һʼ̴Ǻúò˲飬ǣɲɱ֮ھ蹬С
˺þãǵݶԣ˵ȷԳ޶ģ½ģû뵽̫ˡ
΢΢̧ͷūδ˰ŵˣδ˵һס蹬ū澱ˣӴֻһ֮ԣ޸ϵǰЩūųΪ֮³üչδˣδκαѳ֮¡
ԣĬȻĿ»ϡ
»ʱͷһʯͷƤ˵ūżҹ˯㽫¸֪δˣҲĹ˾蹬֮¸֪δˣδֻǵҪ
о֮»䶼δ˵
ԣһǵԼǼ˯һÿ˯ѵ磿
̴֣ȻҲˣôˣΪôΪʲôôã
֪ģܾóĿȴķ·͸ÿһˣΣ󱳵ĺëըϸߡ
ڴһļžʱһСŮڴ¼ݵ
˼˼ǻӣҪĴʣҲҪͨġ
ǽԼתԹŵĶ˵ȥ췣ɣԺٴǡ
»飬ͷվһ¡
˼ʮ꣬ӻЩ˻δѾý˾ţָʲôöˣ
ʱ˼׽ʼձżкȻ͸æĹϵ˹׽
˼΢Ц߽һɫԵø޳ɫǽСɫ䣬沿ʯʣ忡Ƿ
˼ֱ󣬳գգۣ²¿ָʲô
˼ڵ߽ʮ꣬ȴЦ񣬼ֻ΢΢Ƿһ㡱Щϳɵĸо
ЦЦ˼㵽£ʾ˼ڶ棺־ͱȤˣҲ²
˼ɵһЦŽһֻƴСõݵǰʱּǵϲСӣΧץһֻƿɻϲ
ֻСÿ´󣬵ֻڶһ۾ؿͷ
˿ɰϲñڻЦ˵л֣Һϲ
ϲã˾ţϲĶһЩȻˡ˼Եʮֿģһ̴̳ôϲӣҲţҪϸŵ㣬֮¾һη
̴ǷǷǡ
˼ֿһ۴һȳһ߽»̫ģ̫ģҽǲݺݵط㣬ûǳԣ
һߣܾԼһģЦסֱۣ֣֡ղˣСģǱȸĻҪࡣ
Сûĵģֹ㣬㵹҆£˼ɺֺЦصһĶͷ´λ㲻
Ц𣺡ĸң
˾ǲ֪ƼΪСദǢ
˿̸ҪúϢȥɲЩʲôǺ˵Ϊ˼վḧͷȻת뿪                        
лҪ˵·֮:СŮǣ߹·ǵղؼ۰һСɰôôգ3

 26 

һֱ˼ͻȻڣֶԳá
һЦļ磬ʣ˼ΣԵ
˼ɫ˺죬Щ˼صͷǱŮӻҪϼ֣ȻǱȲλֵġ
ͻСͺַܲԸ̴˼㰮Եĵģһ㣬ûԶɣ쳢ϲϿζ
˼̧ͷУԣһģʮֻϲģ
һԣؿԣǸһĨ΢ЦԼĸ˳˵ˣ˼㵹һ޶ϳɣԵıѵ¶Щ˵Ļá
һ¶ǣ˼˲ͣգ۾ʣ㣬㵱ް𣿡
㵱ް㲻صǡЦſ̴һۣϲԣͽİ˸͹ȥ
˼·֮⣬վһ֣úϢ˼ˡ
ףĿ뿪Ŀ·ԽѾЩʵı۰򣬿ĳ
ϵ䣬ԻٵҪʾģֻڶᳪϷƵģ㷽ҵǳ
˵ˤˣ棬Զզզ˭֪һ㡣
վСӽ̴̴ߵ齱ã̶бһԵĿϣ˭һݡ  
ӣӹһ˿ײâ˵ԼǴˣƥȻûһëֻһٲʹľš
̴ԸȴֲòǷǷĹ󰲡
̴ֱߵ齱ȵסޱ֣ܿˡ
˵ţҪ¼˵ѵֻϷ
ɫسԼ˫ֱ֣ģްùġ
ָ䣬ƺ͸˵̲ס˸˳ǣЦ˵˵ﻰԼҽûʲô֪˭ܾģöɱΪ
˹ǣŮӼңɱɱģҲ֪ɻ䡣
ʼյЦţֻЦⲻ۵ף䣬봽ǵ΢ЦΪһ̴
̴˵лĹǹδѾȥˣ˵ѾץסǸС̫࣬δ˵ֶΣع˶þܾĻס
̴ˡĻסĸ֣·ӺＷġ
·̴ĥסˣЦЩάֲסδ˰£ʮֿס
˵ֻԼʲţҲûӡ·ʮε̾˿
ʿؽ㣬СġЦѾѿˣԼ˿ȡģվЪϢøˡ
ʱ»һȳһյش߽˫ϥأūŸմӵ˵δ˽̫ĸ첲һһڿιĿǰȥˣԼźܿ˵Ļʹ֮ˡ
ովСһЩһƨڵϣɫһ˲ɷֽ
ۼֿطסԼҹ˵ĹҪϢǻȻȥɡ
Աڣǧ¶ţŻعǷǷȥˡ
һֱϸ΢飬Ȼ֪ģȴɾıΪȤ࣬ɫҲЩ
Զת»΢ǵԼո˵Ҫ㣬㾹
»һͷڵϣūŵǳģҪūūҲжֻδһΪĪҪδ˵ģ
δ˻ĹǳһЦȻˣǾԺδغδȥ
⻰һ»̴ҲֻҪܱģֵ֮ˣδûκζ⣬»Ҳʮֿɿ֪ΪΣ
»ڵأһ̴ʹͻȥδˣ汾лĺ⡣
̴ЦǵԼϴη֮δʱδǷ·ҪһĿ⣬ȶӻ鴤ôҪ˹ȥ
ɳҲӣôô»ţҲֻôסȥ
˿̣谵ĵŨҵѪ֮иáʪζһ˼Ż
ϡԿһӰѾԹȥ΢֫ǲȱȫһֱֻ۵һԵĽǽϽһƬʵѪҺ˳ǽ

 27 

ણડ
ѷֲǳʪĵ©ˮǽϵѪڵϵһļž
һͦεӰɱһ㣬λεĳ䣬һĲҽУ֮˵һֱֻڿһѪ飬һߵǽ¡
·֮һͿ棬æԶЩסԼ۾·ܾСе磬ûԵģӸҿôѪȵĳ棡
ֽ֮磬ĿȴĪ˾ùɭɭû·֮ڵ˵ؿڣ˵˭ı
˿ֻ̣·֮ܺη֮ĵվߣһգΧŵ˰Ȧۻǵ죬ıǿĴǴԼôصȷҾ֮ھʣһ𣿡
ŵģǽոǣС̫࣬뿪ǣʹߣϻûȥѾ˿ֱһʱ󣬱Ѿò˿ֱ˫ۡ
ʱȻС̫ಢʶλӽȴҲʶϵĽͳףһ̾ġ
κΣΪ˾ţʧȥǣ˵ֱȥͿС̫˫ۡ
С̫۵ûȥƬ̣۵ѹ촽˵ʲô
΢΢üҪǰ·֮Ҫһǿɾʲôˣæǰȥϸ
Ƭ̺·ܼ֮Ӭüͷվһۣȥ
㷢˴ȱһǸС̫һʹ죬ת·֮߳Σġ
֪·֮ؿ磬Ƭֻ̼ع֪Ҳ־˻ϵĳ購ջرΪλҪ󣿡
֪йһЦؿһۣ·֮Щʫʸ踳ŮˣܲװõĶ
·֮ƲƲ죬ػؾǣδﶼõĶһҲûطװ
ụֻ́ԵصһۣΧѾΧ·֮ղŵĻ
ݺݵһۣ·֮ʶԼ˵ʲôʶر졣
ڿҪڵĴʱ·֮ͻȻʣ˵С̫йʱֻԣϻ᲻᲻ţΪ˴ͨһݺĹ
΢ڣܡһ޲
·֮һŽ֨ҽУЩ˵ȥˣ̽ͷſ̲һֱ
еȸͷʮ̲꣬ɣɼһߣֻ沿һûκ
ˣ·֮ؿڣ״ͻȻðˣҪ˵ġ
Եξһֱڣ·ûˡЩε˵
·֮ʣǸղŵĻҲˣ
绹δ𻰣ձѵõ۾ЦˣԵˣֻС̫й·˵Ŀ
·֮˿̵ı飬ѾˣҲ˵СȴΪ𾪵ǣһ޿ֵӣ̲ɾȻҲһԱ
֪ڻӴû뵽ȻƷ̲ɶΪá
磬̫ˣⱲҲΪС·֮ŵصɴһۣЦЦ翿˹ȥƤգգۣδҲչ鼺ðɣ
ӶġشĻ룬Աá
·֮һһֱΪЩʹʯذ˸ܽӴһǰ˺üվͷŭ磬ȴѾԶˣֻȻȥ
Ȼ·֮ող롰󰸡ϾûйȥϵĴʣֻڲԶš
Ƭ̺ն˽ʵڵĴʣɫڰ棬Ų豭ȴδһڡ
һϥأ򰲡
򰲣ȻѾǱŭ豭ڵϣһӲżգ̫볤̳£򰲣
һ޴һС鲽ߵԱߣһͬڵأߺϢŭ
̣ŽԼŭ𿰿˻ȥʵ˵˵ɣʲôˣ
΢΢̧ͷǼΪѣپһţȥ˵
΢΢ۣЩмӣԴ켺ֶμֻҪ̫֣һֻ۱һֻ۵ڹȥ
ǻΪʣԽã֮ȨȥڣֻǶƷͳ죬ȴһ֮֮ϵȨ⳯վŵĳûηġ
ⱳ֮綼˵Ǿֻлˡ
뵽̫˼Զǰ̫ӿڿ˵壬޼ˣѵôͿʼˣ
ڻҳţ漰ոյǻǾܻҵ棬ô˶ȥֻ¹ŵˡ
ɣڿ˵ˡ쿴ǣƺŵ̾˿
ϣ΢δһ˰ȿڣޱ飬ڵʣδ˴̣֮΢֮ıĴйԼĹߵĴѾͼı
ʲôû뵽ԼŮģһŮǹūأ
֪й֮ҧԾˡյ沿飬ʱҲ˿
˱ۣ۽ƺᣬ˭֪ԼŮɱﶼù˰֣˵磬˰ֹܴ˱ǡ
ͷû˿ɫֱ䣬վƽһҾǣּ
ϸղ˶ȥʱ뵽Ȼô˵ɷί
ǣ̲ν᰸ʾ¡ʼһֱӣһҲϵˡ
ոȥŭٶȱƺ뽫һˮ
Ҫŭ޴æ˵գȻ˵ϣҲһ죬ūŷȥϢڽ᰸飬δۡ
ڣȻ﷭ȥվ޴ų˴ʣԼ޵Ĵȥˡ
Զˣ·֮ŸҴҡڵ߽սϵĻһ顣

 28 

ռ򵥸ϣתͷؿ磺Ҳ˽᰸
·֮ȻҲܾʹ˰ֻ֣Ҫй飬ûС£˵ܾСëֻҲŹԷ
ʾͬ飬˭ôѨأ
϶˵ˣܲ᰸һЦֽסԼ彣תҲ˴ʡ
·֮һһҸ˳ʣܴĹߵĹŮ֪
⻹򵥣ץʱҪҹɫ˶˯֮ʱĹװ׵ģôһ·֮һҡȣվ˵ȫ۵ؽ顣
Ȼն֮ԱǣȻ·˵ףȥԿ
ֲ̲ˣƾʲôڲ·֮βƵһԼ߰ͷ­
ʮֿǰݵĹӸ磬ȻҲȻ̲֮ˣղΪܸȥ󰸣
ˡʵǲ˶죬̲סڡ
һڣ˹ȻǾĺ«һĬظȴͼɡԷ
չߵڵĴʣȻ󿴵˸һĻ
̴һȳһյ»͸վȡСŮŵĴվĴ⣬塢˴۵Сۡ
ΪϷһٴ壬Ƥ˼ʱ˿ֻ·һȳһյģǿվס
̴ǳˣҪδö湫⡭ʮΪѵƳһ»ʱһԼƨɣϧǰλڣֻʯסǺⰡ
̴ǷǷ粻ڣҲô£Ըū澽ͻδˡ
̴ʱѡƧĵط˽ûˣЩġĿ͡ߵģоԼâڱ
ͻ֣ԭʮѿɫЩ絶㡰»˵գƺҪǲ븹
̴ת͵͵ȥƼʱ˸ƺһ㡣
һʱ䣬һļž
Ƭֻ̺·֪֮һ˵̴ǳˣ͵ȷʣȥЩǿѣúͬһȥԭɣȻΪΣ
̴̾ԼûϢɹ򶨵ǷǷ˵δˣҼҳķԸˣȻ͵ū澸ˡ
֪˵仰ʱĺͺֱðָǶģǿԼ˫Ȳת˵ҲҶֱͣתߡ
ɨϹŵˣ˹ǣԼվңұģȻˣǶ˶ϰɡ
»ԣҲ˲Լհ˰ӣһ£ȴҳġ
΢΢˱ۣ粻ˣתԼĴȥˣͦεڵϳӰӣ¼Ŷį
̾˿һۣһ޿κε顣
Ȼһޱģȴʮ䣬ƣͶ߰˰ˣ̾ȻҲѹ˹صһ졣
һ߸̾һߵһ·֮תȥˣϵķԸ뷨ܴĹߵȥˡ
·֮ôģԭתȦߵߣļ磺Сһ飬½ȥ졣
üͷ·֮ԡ㡱˵һͨĿŤǣ·ӣʲô⣬¿ɻûء
㶮ʲô·֮һϲ񡱵飬ݲˣõµɵӣǼҴڱ⣬أȥữˣǻƨƨ߸ڳհǻ˵㣿
ڡƨƨߡԼҴϣʵǾùκ·Ӵ˵һֱ˾Ҳͼ߲ˡ
˵ʲô಻Ӻס
·֮˳ǣ¶һܼٵЦݣСƵ˵˵أСӱ졣
·֮罻ãȻҲˣ֡Цŭˣ׸˶ӡ
뱩һ·֮ϣͿԼһƣȻָָĴʣջ˽š
ȵعζԼҴ˲ûгԼϵʱ·֮ѾźԶˡ
ãԺбҪԶһ㣬˳ʺ˵ʮ˴                        
лҪ˵СŮǣ߾ҵ۹Ǳo(ini)o

 29 

ɫԼĴѰȥ˼ϢȴʲôûǸС̫ǻ֪
ıĴС̫ΪԱ磬ʵǲ
ݺʱԼǱ˭סһ㣬ƵĲ˺˿Щ£ͲΪϢ©ԼѾ԰¡
ڸղţɫ֮ȥ̽ϢԼڴȥļٵصȴš
Ƭ̺ĪһɷſȻһѪգ۾Բôֱֱضƺвʡ
һ;ֵغ˼һƨɵڵء
ҲϵһֻѪץסĽףѩ׵ЬһĿѪۡ
УԼƺȥɰǧһͬըˣһ˹ȥ
ԼĴſϿԾ˼ȴѾƮ˺Զ
Ҳ̴֪ǶͻȥʲôӦô͹ʹҪͻȥأ
Ǳ֣֪߰ԷǺ£˶ŭֻԷ磬Ͳԡ
ǡһӣ˰ôܶأ
˼ţͻȻȥ˺һ̴ˣʣˣ
̴ʮֿģһ˫˸Ĺ󣺡ǣǲţԼȥˡ
ԳƵЦЦʸոյǻǲֽûɱ鷢ģȻˣ뾡һа취ڸǣԼ˽ᣬ̴᲻̫ĺݣ
̴ҡҡͷ˵뺦ֻǶ΢棬Ѿǿڽõķ御ˡ
̴Ѿ̫İΪū澣ܶʱ򲻷£ӵ⣬ֻﲻƽҹ͵͵Ĩᡣ
񣬼ȻԼͨˣҪϵɽ»𺣣Ҳ޶
ǳЦס̴֣뵽һʱɵѾͷѾΪԼ˼Զʱ;Լݵò
Ͷ˵Żж̴ÿһۣѱԼͻȥĴ»˹⣬ǻģδߵĺ塣
ĬĬ߽ʣϥأͳ壬μ£򰲡
ɡߵˣƺЩֱˣȴƲʲô쳣
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Ŀͷ»Ϊһ£ǰ翴ñԼҪҪ
ŶΪζؿź壬ǳǳһЦ㵹˵˵ǼҴʲôģ
ɻǵԼʮ꣬˲ղˣ񡭡ܻ˭Ƶģס˿ڣ˶٣˵ҽ˵ֻСֻӹҽΪҽΣδ˵֪Ϣ΢Ұ򣬴˳һҹδһҹδۣͣظ²öͷģΪҩŵա
˵£ıѾˣѹź죬ȴô벻
ƺû˵꣬ŵʮ꣬ĹڲƭƫƧ֮һ첻ӦеصزʱҲδ˼ʱϵϳݹС
ˡִ˺Ļ˿̵Ѿ飬Щһй飬ֱ˿̣ͻȻ䡰
ʮ飬ڵ˵Ѿȥ꣬м仹űҵһ䡣
ΪԼһǰʮһһ֮󣬴ӲĻ֮ǰʲô£˿̣֪ط֣Լƺ˶Ҫ顣
£δһֱ̽Ϣֻ¡˵꣬ԼԼһͣ΢ʧԣ볤𷣡
˿̵ﻹ˵ȫ˵ˣ΢Щңֻǹ򶨡
̴Сߣǿ鲻ԣɵصһۺ壬סڣû𣿡
΢˵һ仰֪ЩûȥޱģֻøƵ׳˵һ䣬ҲλУΨһ·ֱ֮һ䣬δΪ˳£ˮﶼһüͷֻ󳤹                        
лҪ˵ʹ (*^^*) ףСŮС (*RQ)

 30 

֮ǰ˵֮¶ʵ飬Ȼ仰ֱģţδĵȷġ
΢˵ˣҪ𷣣΢޶ͷһƾõ顣
˫ּɼض˶ЩҴ˽˵ģ
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˵꣬ӣ۽Ѿ/ʪ꣬ʲôûȴδͺ˶һ㣬궼塣
ź˵̴꣬ԼһᣬЩ¼ᣬû뵽δ˾ȻΪô࣬ѹ顣
ݽҧ´ſסԼ׵촽һȥ
һãȻ̧ͷǡԼ˵Ļˣǵˣȥúú·Ӳɡ
ˣ̽ʡ
Ȼ˴Űɣʱı˵˰֣ƺʮƣ
л£΢徹һʱЩʣ˵ȥˣˡͷվͷҲصˡ
»ö˶˵سˣҲûͼߣЦһۣǲˡ
Ƕһͬūţū澣ߵл´ΨԱ
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Щ꣬Щ£ͻȻһɽصѹϣѹЩ
û°ɣ̴Щǵذߣס֣۵رһᡣ
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δ˵̴֮ҲղŴӴ˵ӦϾȳǸСӾ硣
ͻȻ뵽һҪ⣬һһֱԵ飬˼ԶǺܻƣץһЩ˻ȴδץôСĺӡ
˼ԶԼҲʮֻƣһСɱҪϷˣӣܣһֵܴ꣬²ˣ
ˣܾôûдڸУҲ׾ٵؾȳ硣
ʱȥʱ˼Զ޶˵񣬵ʱû룬˿ž֣һӣ޸ĸĹ¶Ϊζ˼Զޣ
ˣǸ͸͸ʽһģһĽΣеõģ
ɺ϶ѻͲôɺˣԺȻðһܵĿܣǾǡҲұ֮꣬ô˼ԶȫһĶԹ
ҲǣһáҰĲĻʵۣ빦߸󽫾֮䣬ֻദ̫Ǣ
ԣһоͶ͵ͨˣһΪȹҪΪ֪Լһ֮޷Ը̫ӣҪͬˡ
Ϊο϶Ҳǳ̫ӣҪɱ֮أǡ
ȻվԼѾ緢ˣһֱδԼǵһͬ˶Ը˼Զ
̴ͻȻվһæסôˣ
ع̴ֱû¡
һҹ˯òȣԺж϶ֳһĳһЩĵεΣշȥֻʣһͷ統ֻΪΪһʧ䣿
ΪһǴĴ󽫾ǰеĸӢۣŪȨﲻ̫ˡ 
ͬʱĴⱻԼ̲˰Χˡ
ڴڣŵɪɪֿŵѪʬ塣
մ̲ʬһ㣬ϣСŮҧԾġ
ҧԾüͷøЩΪѪ
΢˼Ƭ̣⡭΢룬Ϊ֮ǰͷײʯ¡
ϣ΢ŮİԴ߽ϥǰһֽݸ̫޴
ӹֽտһۣ㽫ֽϣһۡ
̻⣬߳ʣԸŽȫ뿪Ƭ̼䣬Ǳߵòʣһˡ
һڣȴǿҹһȥЪš
֪Ҫ֪飬˳ӵŻǷǷ뿪ˡ                        
лҪ˵ϷСɰǣС

 31 

Žֽݸպ磺ɣǸǽ᰸һõĴ𸴡
üͷӹдţΪԼҹΪգŽƫ棬ҪıͨС̫࣬Ҫҩ
ºҲʮֺڣּС̫౻δץԼı޿ˡѡԾõ˵һΪ˺޸ϵ
ϣⲻϳһСŮҩ£ôᵨ쵽ı£ձʾԼš
ΧԳһٳ£챾ͱһӻ𣬴˿ô˵ֱҪһʮû̲ɡ
Ƴһ۵ϵʬ壺ǰ䲻ȥѾ˵ˣΪ˵Ϊ
Ǹ˶ʵˣȴƫƫˣΪӦ˳ŮȥҳĻףҲøһ
ôҪ鵽˭ſϰݣ鵽޵𣿡յһս¡
ܾ˿̷·𳹵׷һ㣬̿ؿ޺㲻Ҫңңҡ
Ȼֹ޴ʱס죬һ亹˵ĹˣǺúϢɡ
ĹʳɫѾˣһ޷޲ƽģȻµˣһΪΪ֮ģųίֵ
ͬǻϵŮôԺ˱أΪ˱ȫĹóԸưͿ
Ҫ֪Ǻոǿˣֻ³ѱ롣
ƺ֪ʲôļ磺ϲΪĹΪҵ棬Ͼϸոյǻ鴫ȥܹ鲻̫á
Ϊ̫á¾ͰװؿڲסͺԼƵġ
Ȼᡣ繴˹ǣջ˵Ľ᰸д㡣
˵꣬㳯ȥӭһȳһյĺ壬ʶ»Ҳˡ
磺ȥδˣ
𷣡˵ű㵥ϥ¹򣬡·ŴŴ»ȥˡ
ĬƬ̣˵㵹ǵԽˡ
ӸЩ²ңֻǿ󳤹²Ҫˡ
Ŷ米ȥ˫ֲؽղסˣ
»ˣǹɡʵ˵
Ȼתһץסļͷץۣȴƺ߲ԣֻ˵棿
²аԡͷԼʹ硣
֪ˣһڵȥǸ˿̽˷ܵؾëͷСӣ˸Ĺâ壬˵ʲôҵǸȽϺã
⡭ӺףҪ·ӰɣϽ
ȻЦˣˣߵĶЩĶЩҪʣֻǸ³·֮ˡ
תʹȥ·֮ͷ˵Ͻ·ӵ
·̧֮һŴںƨϣ˵˭ϽأҳűӲڣ˵ӻ
尴ƨ໽Ŵӵһ߸ߣֱðӣ޲ý·֮
ˣ˵¡ã˺֣Ҳĵع˹ǡ
ЦһԼҪĴͷը߸ߣüĿվһߡ
δͳ˵̬𣿡·֮˫ֱأбһ磬˵ȻҲ󵽱ӵһ졣
һعһҾ·Ӵͽ̡
·֮˿г򣬶ܷˣһԼóһǰ綼׼ˡ
綨һƣȻ·ɵһҰʱԼǸɵӣô·ܸ֮ɳ£
ιιιʲô飬ƲһҰ϶˵˵ʣСշ׵ġ·֮Ż硰УǴĻһϢ
û꣬ͱشϣЩˣ
㡭·֮ҪţҰһţµɵ˵ҪҪӻˡ
嶢ǰҰ̽˵Ҫԣ
Ĵǳ鴤Ƭ̣ջһֻǰҰŲˣֻǺЩ˼
̾ҡҡͷˣҲɵСһ
ɵСӡ絽ĴʱһĴ»ոձ
˱СŮС̫ţһ񣬱ȥ
̴վ磬Ҫͨȴ˵ɡ

 32 

紽һ䣬˽ȥѾϴ׵ǰţ΢΢ף
ĪԼĿЩЩղȣһЦˣǲʲôˣ
ܱǸȻ֪ƥ˭ҩ£Ŀǰȴ޷áʮǸؿһҹδɫЩ˾ţҹ˯ȡ
ܹ㣿Ͼ󣬱ҲǺ𡣡ʼյЦţ·˵Լɵ飬οҹܵľֻ²ȱ١
һ̧ͷһȻ֪ߵѾͷΣδü֣ôֻˣֻûϵô̹˵
£ģгƺ󡣡һȵȪˮཹཡðֱ֫ٺ
ʵ˵ĲЩ磬ǲԼһҲΪʲôͼʲôֻΪ˾֮Щģ͹ˡ
ɲ֪ΪΣȴӣʳڣֻܹҶ
̴˶ǲȥһۣһҧһţһģӱ֣һѾĺˮ͸Ұ쵽ǰͣ͸㡣
תǧأȻǰĻʶӹһȦؿ磬Ҫ
㣬ϡϢͰͣҪԼͷҧˣҲû˵һĻһͨ죬϶һƵɫ
˵ʲôһͷˮʲôϢⶼʲôʲô
һֱ쵽˲ӸƳ̴˽תƵľ˳ȥ
Ρ̴ؿδ˻ƨƵĴ˳ȥĪ˵δôˣ
һб/زӵɫҰ˵̴Ҹƿ⻨
⡭̴һѱ/ֻʣǶҰĪˣҪūȥЩÿľǣαҪЩҰοѾưˡ
ȥžǡҰĿ⼫ᣬŬȥԼġ
һִδйĸоȻȻ֪Ǵʲôֻȥϸ룬ĿǰΪĸоܺãܻϲ
ΧԳһǣǰŴһ߷ĳ嶯ղżֱ̫ˣ˵ȫóЦ
ô磿Ϊ򲻹пܳԿԼ·֮ܲһ߹ȥ㵹˵һϷ˵Сϱ飬ѲϷɷϷ
⻰һڣ̵ɴ˾۾ʱԼƨɶˣ˵ô
˰죬ͱôһ֡
˲Υͳ˵תһ̶ءˣ¡ˡ
Ŀ·֮ǹϣʲô⣬ңҸղš
˶ˣ
⣿˼ʧˣ·֮ζҪġѧըˣ˵˵ɱɱܸɵʲôŮӿĶС
·֮һ޲ܽӰǿɱˣ׻װЩʲô
㵹Ǻ忴粻˵
·֮ߵԶһСŮ˼Ҳ֪˵˾ʲôֻСŮһͨˡ
磺
ղţҲܵģ
ͳʶһ£ղһ·ԼԺûˣΪˣⷽȻһʮꡣ
ĹߵĴŮɱϢΧԳһٵɢ˵ʱѪΪԩⱳضвΪ֪ܡ
ڣҲܰдҥԵ˶ץɱˣֻȥԴͷȴִЩϢģߵˣɱߵһδѪ
˾ţ㲻ȵԼߵȫʱѾ֮ȥҸһȴѵһ١
ʻԺʵʵأĪҪٸЩ飬ġ
׸Ѿ֪֮ǰΧԳܾ֮£ģ֮߳Ůеˣǽôòʱ
Щӣ˼ԶҲ߰˰ˣʼ˷һߣȻÿһȻĵʹȴһֻ
ڼ䣬Σ˵ǰЩӷ飬Щ֪Щ֪˵ؿڷܾðƺһſĴö棬ʱп¡

 33 

˼Զڴ˵ЩӣҲǰģͨ˺ܶ顣
֮ǰֻ¶Ϸ˳˽ᣬݲͬȻҲͬˣʶԼ˼
ԽԽһҪ/Ȼʲô֪ûбҪڵģһ֮òһС
һˣ˼ԶβеԼĴУԼа뷨޵ظá
۶飬֮࣬ȴ뵽֮ǰ·֮ر𣬼ȻԼһ˶ԸĴ/˵ļˣֺη
뵽ʲô³;ʮʹ죬Ժе룬Ť
ģҲãֻҪֵõ֮㴦áжҡ˼Զ˵ʱûǳյǻѡ˭˭Ҳͬ⣿
仰˵Ŀصص˵ͷ֣Ҫô
޲һ̵ڻ£üңŴ£Ҹؼ޸֮硣
ò֮ǰݾߣѾͷֻѾ˾裬ǵȴʱ˼Զһ¶һ񶾶Ц⡣
һնҼżˣҲƵУʵǾԼûټ
ЩĪһ仰û˵˳ˣ񵹺ʲôһ⵽׳һ
Դܾ˵ʲôҲֻɢģ˼ϼѵĽոţ粽롣
㲻ˣԼһʣһȺɱĽ˼˶ߡ
ֻܰڴŪݣոһҰ̴ϤϣȻˣ׳Ϊǰһһ
»ȻصߣȴʱܽźֻһЩɨ󷹵ӻ
żǰĵδ͸Ұ»˾;Լûаװһжֵˡ
峿ű㿪ʼŪҰһ
£ң·֮֮ǰ
ɻüͷ˼޲·ߣ·֮ʱʲô
·֮󺰣£¡
üģסԼҪӳȥĳ嶯Լϣƽϣ˵
棬סСжƵģֱһ죬·֮˿ˡ
ǿģõǣ˻δˣκ˲޹ʽӽ£˿Ըɿ֡
Ȼ·֮ΪȣֱǰһˣڳĴſڣ˸ʺ
ǿЦ⣬бһĽ·ӷ
һǰһ۱·̶֮˵ȥ
·ӵкιɣϾǰ˱裬˵
·֮˾һߵĴЦ㣬ȻֳΪʹģȴ˾ֻۣƵñЦֲ˼
ЦЦɣŻˡ·֮һν£豭һ
һԵ̴̲ס͡һЦʶԼʧ̬æס죬һСǵͨ졣
·֮̾˿û뵽ԼһᱻСЦӢɥʳָǼ⣺ǰЩ˵ܾô˵ҲˣȴһֱûǱǸ
û뵽·֮Ǹ죬ǾЩȤһڲˮ˵޷Ҳʲô¡
СӶҪϷˣ˵ʲô£·֮Ȼû˶ľţǼƣҪΪ²Ǳŷˣ
ǣδ˼£ҲǼΪԸЩǸ˵
˵»һٰӣִΪ֮Ҳ޹ЩǸ⡣
·֮ؿһƳһһԱչ˵غܺõǰҰ˵ˣڸȴľګǵĲǣȻָɵԼͱƴֽϣã
·֮һδΧԣջһʢᣬϻά͵֡
أף·֮ΪͻȻ˵
ûʲôİˡ·֮һЦѵһأ˵͵ǣὫʹ͵ĶתԼˣ⼸չ۲죬Сʮа/Ҫʹͣһֱں棬Ὣת˭
ȻͣƬ̣ǰֳ罫ʹ͵Ķ͸СĳĪЩµûš                        
лҪ˵ллСɰӪҺ3
ߡ,ӪҺ+12020-01-20 12:31:50
СϱζͿҪͨˣߵĺʷҪƹȥƹȥƹȥҪ˵ (*RQ) УСӣߣ()~*

 34 

ʧת˲ţü䣬·һ㶼ĵ˵·ӵĺĵǲС
ѵ¾Ͳ𣿡·֮ضһŹϸ΢飬ȻһֱΪǼһκ˶һһװһأ
·δ˲ǽѵ֪豭Ɑˮƺȫע
һǶصӢۣǴս꣬ĽŮӣһ覣ʱõĴȥݰɣ
Լһˣܾ֮ǰˣǲ֪˭ Ҫɻ·ֻ֮´˿ҪЦ
ӴŮӣĸ׺ǣŮЩŮ˵ǧ˰٣мʮλῴ͸С˼
ŬѰԼһйļ䣬ôҲй˵ģѵһְλˣ˶һˣ˭أ
ǰȻֳ罫һҰݸ״ΣĶӵӣѵ
룬ʱסԼ˼粻ΪԼּһػһ֮ˣһļ䡣
Լ׻ֵǣϺ֮·ֱ֮˼ԶԸΪҪЮٶȺףջô棬Щ綼һˣλϲ
ЦŰҡͷ·ûʲô£ҪϢˡ
õԼҪĴ𰸣·֮ʹվһҾºúϢ¸ˡ
·֮뿪̴ɫ̫ã㵣ĵ˵ɫ̫ãūȥҽ
أû¡˰֣һЦֻûгȥߣƵûš
ĪģôƵϢһƺĶࡣ
ū㹫ȥߡ̴˵ţҪȥ硣
һž͸ôˣȤԸ죬ЩƵ˵ԳŮĽ
̴Щһվļ米ֱĽһЦδҲΪ˱
°͸ڽֱϣ̧ȥйŮ̫ػæµţͻȻǰһ
Ƭ̴̺Ӵʳɨ˼յ»˽ȥʱų
»ʱһֱͷֱ볤ĴʺԶ̧ͷ¶һסο˵ա
δԼһվҪЧǻĹټС㣬ַʽܵɣͷÿ࣬ųƲɣĺʻ
ͬʱ弱Ҵҵҵڻߵ磬С˵ʲô̶ƵĿǼͳ˵Ĵ΢΢ת˲š
ǰֵģδˡͰı飬ү֣˽
ĬƬ̣Իʵϣ°ɡӴ뿪
ʵû뵽һƤЩЦãȴ˿ԣһ˷粻侲顣
йعϯۣȻô˵̧ͷʲô
粻ĬĬһһԵ޴һ޴һ亹
⣬Цҡҡͷû뵽⺢ҲôƤСʱȥĸţЩʲôֻҪΣգ
⻰⣬ףǣȥ
ЩӣѵݵʱԼģֻһ䣬ԼһΧԳĲøо
ǵãΧԳ洩һƬһСϪһ̴̫࣬˼Զ֮Ҳûп֮ˣΧԵһ£ʱһСϪ
֮أҲԼܲҵܵطʮô߰˴Ը
һˣ㳯Ƭȥո߽ʲô˵һϤӽ
ֺܣʮأټ˵˲ʲô֮ˣıߵ˽ǰ
˵˼ԶһŮӣŮӵһ/׳ϣݺݵĴＱؿţˡ
ŮӰư͵ؽ£̫ӵ£л˵𣬱ô
Ƴ˼ԶѾＱؽԼ̽ŮӵĻУŮ̲ס/з/ܵ
ȻŮΪ˼ԶĶֶЩߵҿ϶˼ԶҰ֮/֮ˣض빬ˡ
û뵽Լûô˽/鹫֮ڣǵԼˣ˿ֻҪ⺰һΧۡ
һתͿԶվһˣʵһʶתҪӣͷײһӡ
Ƭ̺ŷԼĶͷûܽӴ̧ͷһƣϾǷһֻǽڷָ޳֣ڴЩ롣
Դѹ͵ϤԭΪŲˡ
ˣ̧ȥ˼ԶѾ˹һߵȥˣԼԼܿӰ۾תȴöһ˫īӡ
˫ӰŵģӰҲֻӰȻסˡ
ֱۻϣԶԶȥȦڻһ㣬˽ýԷ
Ŀԣ˶㶵ģ֪˶ãžЩΣȻײ˼ԶֺڡǽͲˡ
һ߿Щɫͨ˵ңҡ
ƳһԶǽӰƬض/ˣȻסյ֣뿪˵
··֮·֮ؽһԣһ仰仰·һӴͨζ
·֮˵ҷȥ̽£˵䣬ϴҰһͷĴڣϤϣѾµСˡ
֮ǰһ۶ݳޣ͸ܱȴʮ̹Ȼǣ֣ůġ
еĻȻ˺ͷɵؿֻǣԼ޳֣ȴƫƫоůһֱůѡ
رǽδδ𡱵ػڻһСϪ֫ٺ                        
лҪ˵лСɰһֱ֧֣۵ĺĬĬֵ֧ǣ֪ͨ23VҼ֧֣֮ڣVкϡ

 35 

һϢ, رǣ߳Ƭ֣ʼյͷ, պ˵, ĲҲһǳǳķɫ
һΪĸ, ȴδ뱣, ˿Ķůġ
ֱֺԶˣվת˫ԺҪ, Ը塢ɣԼ, ۾
, ҲǡԼпѱ, ˼Զʲôطѡ, ƫƫѡ
Щ, 㽫, 𣿡˵
̫, ʵǲģʲôԼ飬һ統ո
ûд𻰣ĿǶ˽յ˫ϣ˶ģƬ̲Żع, ۼسԼ֡
һȣұۻǣֵƣƬ̺˶Ӳָؽֱһֻֽס·סϢ
£һȴҪǻոôᵽϵĵζ
Ƴһֻ޹ǡžͷĵ֣ػζ𷽲ŵǣ֣ϸܵĺ顣
һֻÿ̰Լҵġ
Զ·֮еһֻҰһֱֻ۴ںļϣЩڳݲ˵СֶǣˣǴչٶȹ˵ġ
Цöϲ£ˣɲǣ⻹Ҫл·ӡ
·֮Ȼüͷ޵ǣţôһֱͷջģǴ˸òѵ˼С˰ɣ
ԶԶȥһֱͷӣպͮͮģһ飬˭Ŷѵⳤ
Ӻףܰɣ˸ѵⳤ£ѵ⣿
ֻػ˵һ䡣
˵£߰ɡ·֮ڿϣ뿪
ٿ쳤˲ӣͳ˵˵Щʲô
·֮ѾԶˣԶԶشСδͳ۾
ԣ̴˸Ťͷһ̶Զˡ
ͲҪͷ뵽ЩһֱԼЩƾʲôһ֣Ҫʲô͵ʲô
˵̾˿˳磺ˣ㣬ֻѾڽһ£ձոЩڲҵĻϾ̫ӣʵ䷴
Ȼ̧ͷ羹һظԼ˵Ǹ˼ԶոǵʧӰ١
ʲôƻ
֪ЦЦӹһ˿⣬ңԺЩ¶ңֻúޱȵĳ¼ɣûҪΪЩ֣ۡ
δ˼ǣֻһûõķ۾һ
ˣһţʶؾҪȥǣ֣ȴס˵֪˼
ʲô˼̧ͷ۾Щ죬ô£ʲô˵;ڱˣ
üΪ֪
ԼһϻպŴ»ȥ˳ʣ֮󳤹㲻ٹˣⲻŵģǺǸ˵ʲô
סҪ˿̽˺ĳ嶯͵ҲǸ˼ֻǡ
̧ͷУ磬ҵĹȥ޹أֻΪνľ֮Ѿˣ㲻Ϊұô࣬ҵĳޣҪ˲֣˼Զ˽˶ԹǱ㵱û˵
һô׵˵˵Ѿ֪Ҳһʱ֪λش
ĬƬ̣˵Щ¶Ѿȥ㲻ټţҲΪʲôǵ飬ֻ롭
һΣȫѡ
绰δ˵꣬ͻȻ༱Ҵ߹æ죬ɫؽ
๰һҾˣ˵̴»ȥ
ü£
˵ǹ˼Ϸ˻ˡƳһͳġС̫ࡱ
֪ˡͷһԡ˵顣
۾̲ˣٶȹһҾתɿءˡ
ĸȻˡ˵ţЩʡ
Ϸ˾ǹ˵ĸףĸѾʮ䣬СŮ
İĳҲı֣ĸţ̳֮а֮λƹ˼ҡ
Դӹ˺͹ĸȥϷܲ˽׷ͺڷ˵Ĵȥ˰֮£ի
һСʱĸĨᣬʱСʲôֻǵĸůĻԴ˾ȥҲûмĸ
һϷ˾Ȼ»ˣֱΧԳܲϲ
ǣϷˣȥ·䴽ǣһϵ·ԺҪ̴һУش
պ˺죬תԼĴȥĸܵʰ׵Щ
뿪ıӰһ½Ӳָɫ˿̲ź֪غЩЦˡ
Ȼ籣ɵЦͬͬŵϵĴʷȥ
龰ܵĽЩӵѿ
Ϸҵȣʱſʰ׵ڵĴʡ
ϸȥϷ˳ի𣬴üĿ׵ķ˿һ˿üۼϡɼʱεɷ
һɫȹߵϷǰǷǷ˵ĸ
𡭡Ϸ̾ͺ۾æסӦ򳤹ǡ
ٽһĸѾ˳ն䣬ӣСʱһڹϷ˵ϥϣʹʧ
ϷݺᣬǺһͨޣδѾɴ뵱Ĺ߰˷
ͺƿԼǺձСŮϷԽġ
ĸ£طϲ£ˣӡ
һȫİ֪ھȻһˣĵ˵öԣĸʹˣޣֹס˿üվ
ĸˣϸӡ
Ҳǰɵӣĸڻ·˵ϵ䣬˵ϷϸϸضſһԱվŵˣ࣬
ע⵽ղ˵ˣһʮ/꣬üĿ㣬ͦΣ°ɫۣһ֮Ͳȴʮؿɿ
Ķŵ국һЦ࣬¡
ԭ磬ˡ֪ԭǰվŵģİıֹࡣ
Ϸ˵飬οЦЦĸֻˣλ
ȡһĸĻסһɫĸܾӻδã»Ժ˵
ؿһ۹ֱ࣬˺ΣҲûʲôĸҪ˵ʲôΪҪֹ
ϷסڲᣬֻԼ뿪Щ飬һţϧ
ߺ󣬹Ϸ˶ŹʣΪβĸ˵ǳ֮£ѵ㻹Ʋã
ĸﻰǰһˣƲϣպ˺죬ֻ±òԸ⣬ǵܾɾûлתˡ
Ϸ¶Цݣ˵ģСɶ£һĸ飬ͬףϼס
ԣ˵ͷֻҪ뵽ԼҪȢľ͡񡱵ͣ
ǶСһ棬ĸ뿪ǣ㲻ȥ˼ˣΪȻãδóĵİĽҲղסˡ
һҹշת࣬һֱû˵İ仰ʲôҲ֪ԼôˣֻҪ뵽ľ޷ƽ
ΪΪô࣬ʮָмж˲ͬĸоڽǣʱδУǣš
ǰǸֳֻǣġǽڷ֣Լϸ΢ı룬Ժ˯ˡ
֪ǲΪĸŵԼǰֻص˱ĮУ
ͼУװţȺ鼤ܵıĮʿȥʹ󽫾ĽսУͽ̤ĳ
ܸоԼһһ룬̧ų𣬶߻صɱһ
֪˶ãžУϣһһһֱʮּǰѾڵأεһѰ׹ǡ
磬ϴѪкᣬڿ׹ǵһ˲䣬бŷҰһµĹâ
ͼصǰЦ˵ȥȹ˹һء
ʱŭһٱġʨӡǲǵģͼȴûԼжΣգ˵꣬Ȼϰˡ
˫һ˲ȣԼѪ彣ȺУд뼡ƿն
ͼĿԽؿ־壬ɱ壬Ѫ磬˸ʵŲѾغˡ
ԡѪԭݳԳ֮ɫǴӵѪħԼĽͼȥ
ͼγԼ嵶ʯסһڱóѪڣиĺӿǰס硣                        
лҪ˵
ǿƼû:ĩ԰by᣻444̡by
1.ĩ԰:ĩĽų裬һȺֵޱݻҸֱļèȻΡ
ĳεű
ҸֻСĸèȵ֣
ֻۣΣ쳣
ѲҪСԻѣֻһֻè
ĳǡ
èѣ
ֱĳһ죬˰ǽϣë׵èβסŻȻ򡪡ֻʺȴ*ң
һȺһС磬ֻ˵ΪʺٸŲ
Ҷҵè
ĳҶҵˣ
2.444̡:񹤵ĳСӦƸ̵ĵԱظ֮ҡAPPǿа󶨡
̲󣬵̨Ӳظ˾ֱӪ
ְԱ࣬ǻ־곤׵è꣬帴İ
ӴˣСճ⽣ʱϵͳŴӡ

 36 

ϵĿѾѪȾ, ԭɫֲԼѪ, ǵ˵, ǰʬһһ㣬Сɽһ, ȴ˿
е, Īʣס֣磡ûõģ޷ȥˡ
Ȼ, Ծһǰ˫˸İĹâ, ƬҲδ뿪Ǿ߰׹ǡ
ֻʣһͷҪȥ
ס, ˮ/ʪ˴/, ڴ
ҹ̴ѣæߵ齱, Ҫѳ, ȴ, ˵ʵͻȻ, ˻ʧꡣ
̴תȴû⣬˿εģֻдæСȥУط, Ȼһֱ⣬˿Ҳ˶һ
޽㣬ǺãЩӣ̴δ˶Գ⣬Ȼδ˵ˣǱǿεġ
ȴҲʧ⣬һ᣺ϴγʣδ˽ѵģҡ
ʱڴ𣺡ء
̴ϲһڣÿᣣʮѵڴϣһ˫
̴һȡȥա亹һߵĵʣоﲻʣҪūҽ
صģްʮƣۣ΢΢ۣ˵ǶȥЪŰɡ
̴Ҫ˵ʲôȴѾקȥž
ۣԼпһ桪
ŽһеسǶѾΪ׹ǵʬ壬վ֧ͼһҲþԼýͼš
˫˫£۾Ű׹ǣѾǧٿסѪȾֱ֧Լǰ
һ磬硭
һߣߡ
УĵϳһѪۣѾĿȫǣȴƾž˵뵽˰׹ǽ£ΡΡػȥһ㣬һ㡭ָ˰׹ǵʳָ
Ѿκȴܹء˵šأڡһ𡭡ң
ֻڿлҲĻȣ˵ϣ۾ճѾɰ׹ǵ᲻úϣǱĻȡ
˿ֻҪһۣܿ˫۾˿ûио£ģ·ѹһɽǰء
ס˫ϥڱﷺһʣΪһΣһĽģ
ӵٻһһֱΪһѩ޵ĻᣬΪλ
ĳ֣ɣ޴룬һҪĴ
¹⣬迪ԽõҰɫĻһľһߵӣ޶ãȻ
ǰʱ˵ظֳǣֻ֣Ϣ·ڱǶơ
峿ΧԳ֣ǱΧһΣҲǾʤһΣеҹӸ綼ĦȭƣõĽ
米ֱϣһ㿡ݳдš־ڱصáĸֻ֣ⷬƣѹˡ
ңңؿ̨϶ŵĿƺҲԶԶؿһůÿĻȡ
·֮ߣѹ˵ѽѽҷ·𿴵Խ֯ƵĿ⣬
ϵûǵĻȸЩ˸貶ĿĹâһ۾ܱȥ
ΧԵȫԳջƳղˡ
ǰЩӣһֱ»ˣ֪λ½ˣδҾף˭ģԶ
˼ԶǵӲСȻҺͺһ𣬻̥ᣬѹһôͻ̥
Ц˼Զ鷳Լ⻹ʡ˲¡
Ȼһݴ˼ԶҷŹһԡԩ
֪Ϊûгֻ̨֣˺ˣͼλС㡣
⼸óıˣһΣˣڿ̨ϣɫԵø⽿޿ˡ
δϲ˵øʳ谮ݸһЦ̴ñǸҡ͸񡣡
ܳվʮϵش̴нӹҡ檶л¡
ض񡣡ЦߣƳһˣԵʮֽ겻
Ҳѹ֣˹ҲΧ֮ǰŷԼУһܿûϳңһΣǸˣһʹʲôֶΣδܼϻһ档
˴˿Խû˼ȥʲôΧԣΧԳֵطֲ͵͵ǲŮȥ̥ҩ̫ҽԺȥ͵һץ¶ڣǿĴ
Ѿ˺Щӣòչȥ̫ӣԼ˵ʲôֻ£±ߣһֶû˵ڡ
ǲԸģ֣һ谮Լĸĸȴ˵ʲôӦ󣬻ǽ˽
þͷԼӲԣΪƾԼĲòϺܿʱһĽ̥֮ˣѹһͷ
뷨ܺãʵû뵽ȴôѣϸûۿһλ͵ǱϷ֣Ϊ˻ҵ棬ϱضɱȫ̫ӵ
ѾҪͶ·ľأ֮ǰȥҩûϣǸ磬ϵĴصˮòӽĻᶼûС
ҹĻˣòס볤磬һҲΪˣϲŻʲôˡ
һˣ뿪ĵЦߵߣ˵ǰճܾδǰȥ̽Ī֡
޷˹ǣûۿ
˴˿Ҳ˲ʲôˣڰ£˵£ЩӶδܵûټʵ˼ĽϵĽ
ԭͳʮģ˿εεģ⿴̨иˣֻѹͷˡ
ŶЦЩȻ˼ĽʣȥҸʱ⣬뱾˵кã
ⲻǡ˵ţ۽ʱ¼ᣬЩӷæ檸һЩģҲ֪ϲϲҹȥ¿ԴΪͨ𣿡
лôֱȥһ˵ǽҼҳµ֮ˣ̴ûصһˣַ·ǴӺＷġ
˼ˣȴԣεһЦ΢ᣬֻ´Ϊת⣬³ɣ檱ض´
ϷƵ˵ЩеЦ˿ҴˣǳȴҲ޵£㻹ȥȽϺá
ҧЩҧѪֺγûӣֻ˵ó裬ˤ˺üζʱ˭ȥùͷ
˵ʲôȴһԸ飬˵̴ȥĸһͬۿΧԡ
̴Ӧת¿̨ȥϷࡣ                        
лҪ˵
ƼѺ:
ƫǣ촩BYƤᣡƫִָ~
ɷʦbyҡҼʦϲ

 37 

Ϸ˱Żߵ̨ʱ, Ц߹ȥ˱λ, Էĸ̨ǰˡ
СһͬϷ밲밲
ϷԼһ, ͸ãЦŶЩС˵, ض񡣡
, ŹϷ£žԼһеһμĸ
Ϸ˲һ۹࣬ԶЩ, ĶŵЦţĿⲻ뿪
Ϸ, ʣѾ, ˵δͻ飿
Ȼ֪ΪĸͻȻἰ, ΢ЦŻش𣺡ǣʵ˼, һ֮ˡ
ϷЦø, ֱǸ, , ࣬ÿɻ⣿
ʲôһ
һŹ··ˣ֮󻰶û˵ϼ䣬ȥףȻҲֹ, ƺҲֻй°ˡ
ôһĸˣҪ͹೶һⲻǿЦأ
̴һŻعǿ˳ǣĸ˺ܺãſ㣬ֻǸ磬бķǷ֮롣
Ϸ֪ίؾܾŮӢţΨһĿľ뿴ҸʲôǱһϼ׸õ
ȱžܾǶദϷͼûƣͷ
ȴȻĸáž/ẓ̌ĸܴӦ
˵ŻͻȻ»Ҵҵߵ̨ϣ
»ٴа㣬ѹ˵£ΧԳд̿ͣūŻȥ
»䣬ʹڶϿ̨еҷˡСΧ棬Լ򲻶ɫվ֮ǰ
ĵÿ̨ҳһţЩ㲻ķС㣬ɱ£СѾŻ˹ȥӴģҲ߶µرһţڽ󲻸¶ͷ
һʱণ·΢Ǵ̿Ϯ㣬ŵһЩС㾪ϡ
ЩķˣԼŮΧԳķȥʿò׷
һʱ䣬ŻһɺĿ̨ϣһţ˶䱸ţʱðһź£书Ĵ̿͡
üͷŰ׷ԲԵĸʹˣֳֻܲ棬һ۴ĸúõͻȥ
ȴ»ڣ̴һԣĬعŹϷˡ
Ϸȴ֪˦һקס֣󣺡ĸôͣͻˣᣬĸ£
һ仰˵һᣬЩԼǰվŵģЩ͵ĸůġ
ô˻ţټԼѾǶһӣԵøѹʣ࣬ʿɻȫء
߹Ĺ⻰ϵı齩˽ȶԵøࡣ
δ˶û¡ʼͳˣȸԾƬ̣̿ѱ£ֻδ˵Ĵ̿ͻͬ΢λС㡣
ᵽɤ۵Ż䶨֪طԼȻЩ
ڽɢ£еСԶסֻ̨ʣϷˡࡣ
粽뿪ߴıʼյǰ棬˵΢͵»ȥ
ܲκζԶ絽Ҫʲô
£ϴ˿ӦѾȻصʡؾػش𣬡·ġ
תıΧֱڵĴʡ
˵ŻͻȻоת͸£΢ȥ
ء֣Ҳߡ
εؿһ̴ϣа취˭̴֪һҡҡͷʾԼҲûӣֻһ·ų˻ϵĴʡ
ϵĴڣ̲Ŵڴ߶µعڵϣ̧ͷȥɫ
ʣǵǸޣΪα̲εΧԳŴɱޣ
ţ˶Ͷ뵽Χ֮УҪո¶ͷǣû˷ֻһ˵
²׷һֻѱ¹ֱɭϼǧһ֮ʱһԳˡ
̿͹һֶ˵ֱϣĿ쳣ȷ
ŷԼһʱ⾹˵һӦԣһ߷ųԼϴŵźš
һþ֮ˣ̿͵Ķ֣ܿ·磬̿סӰ¡
̿Ϳ죬ӵʱ򶼸Сġ
һ̿;˫ϥأ˵ϣðֻ̫ӵץ޹İո̲ҵȲòûϽԼļˣˡ
˴̿ͣûˡ쵹ǱǸЦˣﷴĥŴ̿͵Ļ
ʱһ־ͽһ̿Ʒڵأɾ䡣
һ̿ͼ״ķŵԼеĵĲϣ߶µ˵Ҿɱɱ
ƺı仰סˣסվڲԶɨһ۴̿еĵµ㲻
ֺаգ˿̶Խߵĵ˿η壬ǺЦ⡣
̿ͽĲ˼֣̿ˮ˵̲εİնˣ򡭡
δ˵꣬ǰһΣʧȥӰٿԷʱԼĵѾͽģʡѾ

ʵʣŴһ𣬾Ͳһ°ĭȥˣڵأΡΡ˵
Ƭ̣Ŵû˵һ仰µԹո֮󣬷ִ̿͸Լݡ
̿ԭ̫ӵϴν˵ķһģ̫ӵ²ǽͽ𣿹֪ðôһ©֮㡣
ڴޣϴǧ̫ӽ˷ˣɵĶЩʲôȻ©ְĿͶ顣
ڴûϵĿǧأѹҲ֪Ϊʲô̫ɱĸҲģͲѱڲĶɳȥˣ˭֪̫ν˵ķˣȴ׵һԹЩӵϡ
˿ڣֵܷһЩѹϾϵİȫϱд̣ͳԴ
Ȼˣ˭ϵͳˣͨı죬Ȼһ̿͸ˣ
ŴڴƲѣֻ˵˲Լ
žУ֮󣬱㽫һĬĬݸ޴תϡ
ӹԽɫԽֱǸ˺÷ս¡
һֱļ米ֱ˿ΪƤδһ£ֱʵ۵ŭ
޿̲ͷˣȻֹţ˱ֱ˿ԼˣԽŭգã˶档
ϣΪ̫ӵµһ´շ·û׻ɫƽƽذԼֱҳĽɫ
˻һڣŴ͵һ𣬾²Ҫ汳ģ                        
лҪ˵֣Сɰǣף2020ǮɰҸ㽡ͬʱ˳Ŵ֣ȥȺܼĵطϴ֣ףҶһԲ (*RQ) 
Ƽһģÿ:ֱӪҵЩ꡷
ףoħĻġ
ϴ󣡷ޱߣµһ
Уǵϥǡ
գŮҲҪӴ
Ⱥɣͷӣ㡣
ħħ鷳ͻؼһϴĸħлл
ףoǱĽʺ޵һء
İ
ףoһΪͱ͵ɳعֵܾĸӱɳ?
ףošüָǽϹŵĵͼϵһ©˵ǮɽĽӶҵģá
Ĩһϵ亹СĵˣɽΪѾһˡ?
ףo?
Ц?
˭֪㱻ǧ껹гһء

 38 

ս˵̲, ̫ӵץЩͽЩ˿, ץʱ, ڿ˵ֻͨգԩ, ϿŴ˺ʵ
Ŵ˵Ȼ, ݺݵһգĥŵԷȴ˿Ϊ, ·û
Ű䣬д£Դɱ, ⼸ҲǴӺĥġ
Ի, ȴϸҪ̫ӵС, ⲻ
ŴԼɱˣһȵ, ôһֱ֪Լ¾дˡ, ˿Ҳ, Ҳ, Ϊѡ
˼˰Σڴ֮ٶľĬʱŴȥԼͷĺ飬˵ػϣȷд£Щ, 뽫һնֻǻϸոյǻ£һֱȺڣΪΣ㲻֪
ŴһԼƵһɶ˳˸ӡ
ʼһ˷粻ĹֱģŴô˵·𲻾ǸԼڿӣſڣЩ˿ڿ˵Լԩݺ̫ӵ£ŽЩ˶Ѻţһֱδá
Ŷӹһ˿⣬һЦ䵹Ϊ̫ӿȫ
Ϊ룬Ϳأѡһϵ˼ɵӡƵڵأԼġ
챻ݡġЦˣɵյӣǲװЩͭǽڡ
ʱһҴϣΧԳǧ飬Ҫ̲Щ޹İա
¾Ȼֵ󣬿ǲճˣŴڴԼɴñҡҡ׹
ߵʱʡ
ŭ죬Ůɫ΢ЩȻȥﻹ¡
ʡȴͨżسڣһȥֱ촦ϸϸؼһ飬ȷûκ˿ڣ븸ˡд̿ͣʵǵġ
޷¶һЦݣТģʮָˣտţ
ڳŴڴޱȸлµĵϿЩƬ̵ĴϢ֮
û¡һźۼ˵Ȼд̿ʹΧԳҪݺ硣
ΧԳִ̿ͣȻ̫Ӹ˴ΧԵһˣԻϻ̵ӣΪͳԻٲһ𷣡
ƲĿڣȴ̽ʣδ硣
Ϊˣˡ첢֪Ůֻ̽Ů̽ʵʵ˵
Ŵڴһۣ˶Էе𾪣ǻεˣЩϳ̫Ӷż֣ȻھҪ𷣣𾪵ǣϾȻ
һȻˣĹ˭ȴԣǳǳһЦǶҷŹ
ȥɣҲˡƢ˵޴ͳȥϢ
޴˸£޲ܽ磬뿪ʣӵĺȫ亹ʪˡ
ˣĪң˳ǷǷˣһ뿪ֱԼĴʡ
һţ̱㻽»ȥһʵĽ·
»ԼĶ²⣬ҽ·ʲô
ʲôȥң͸Ͻȥ̴˽ⳤģȻҪʲôǵãҪʳġ
»ŽԼ𾪵°ͺϣҴææţȥҽкʳ·ȴӭ˺塣
һæʵд󰭣
ų˵˵δˣϲѣЦ˵ްġ
ްüͷ˿滺֣ºǲģ˵Щ
ţȥƣ·ѾΪ׼ˡϵ᲻ģӱó·ǽĺɫװ
ûע⵽ѹѹסǣֱӽӹ·ȥ
·֮󣬺ʮġֱͳ˵Ĵʡ
ڴ齱ߣҽԼֵ˿ڣ˿ڲȴʮְ£ּҽòԹš
ҽϤΪ˿ڣ˳ȥ
ĬĬԼѪ֣ҹɵһ˯һǶʼѲǹֻĵζ
üͷ΢壬̧ᣬ˿ֻʣѪζˡ
˿̣׼ƳˣʶؾǺ壬üʣ£
˵ȴǺ壬ģ˵ˣ
һȻ̧ͷԺиֵգݺײ˫ײЩͣ۾һգգض
ı飬ȥĪӣ磬˵ˣЩֻҵģ㲻ء
Ȼվ߽ȷǰλ
ŵú˼ĻҲɤҪʲôٴеؿ
ֻ绺Ŀһ·ڿϣ֣ץס֡
״ҪԼ֣ȴɰһ֣һ²˵ͷˣ
оŻعæջԼ֣㣬ôˣ
ƣСʣҪҪҽ㿴ûУʲôˡ
Ӵ˿̽һƬûϡսѾ֮⣬ԺʼһȸԾšȻң
ǰ˻Σַæջʣ㵽
һŵؽֱ󣬹µ˵ֻЩˣ£л¹ġ
ȷطû£ָؿһĶͷܾⲻ
类ĵһԴ۾Ҳ⡰ᡱʲôƲԼĽź޻ϣƮƮģ˵Щʲôһֶûȥ
ŵĺ̲סüģôڳǰꪳɳôȥֻǼҴⱲ뷭ˡ
ڵˣһƮƮȻ֪ΪʱһСĽʱԤļһٶϮ
ԼĪһӣŻǣ΢ЩʱԼЩˣ˺һǰ˰벽
ôˣ羡άԼһ棬Ǹɵӡʱѹơ
ŶҡһڣͻȻԼΪζôһ֣ǵˣֻܽͰ͵˵˵ˣ
ΪԼƶĵ׵ġɵӡ׷ⲻסˣǰ̤ߵǰٶһץס֡
ҡһڣ羹ԼЩ˻ƣ֪һҿѾҳ׷ˣɱ˺ܶˣ壬ֻɱеסҽŲˡ
ÿ˵һ֣ɫ͸һ֣Ϊ˵ĺеһģһ
ߣҶ˵أһҡ                        
лҪ˵ѧЯףװĶǣڼڣƽ֣ͬʱܰѴϴ  ͨ پۼ

 39 

˵һ仰, ɫѾ԰׵ؽ͸ŵ΢΢, е, ٶȸǰնѻΪ׹ǵָһ˲䡣
ȻԼ, Ķ, ˿ǲߣȥˡ¾Լˡ
˴ʣЦúϲ£, Ȼ˶˵ЩʲôٴǶ˵ĹϵԽԽ, һɵЦĺθͳ, Ȼһɷ紵, ѾԶˡ
壺
˵ܣôǼҴһë
尧̾һ, ƳһʯһĴ, 첽׷ȥ, , ðȫͻȥ
绺ջط֣ʹر˱ۣԲҲ˱㡣
ײײܻԼĴʣžԼѾ, һ㵵ĵ̴ȥһڴϣ˫ϥ䣬ᡣ
̴ޱȵĵվڴ⣬ȴֲҽȥƳڲԶȥһץסǰ·׺ݵʣ˵Ǽδô۸ǳˣ
ĬвŮüѲŴ̴ѣԼ·һ̣ǼҴ˰ѳˤˣ»ˣ۸
ǣǳΪοˣ̴üͷݺݵضź壬·ܽѪ
СѾͷƬӣζ֮£βͣ˿ѾҡһӣǱǼҴ˵ж˵ᣬ𣿡
˵꣬ҡġӡһһߵˣҪú·֮Ⱦơ
̴һתƼŵĴӺ߹Ĵ߹ȥʣ޽㣬˵˸ˣ𣿡
СѾͷ˵ʲôأɻؿɻˣ˵Եĵġ
̴ʵķŭŬ죬ɥ˵˵ǻˣֻǿɫ̫ãŽҸ˳
֪ʲô£֪·ʲôȥˣޱɻôδ˻ѳŪأ
һһСûо֮·ŮӣվſڣĬĬᡣ
ΪԼػһΪκκ¶ޣֻὫЩõ˿ޡ
ΪʲôΪʲô׵Ӱ飬ǽ͸Ĺ⣿
һκףϧκζȱˣˣΨ粻ͬ
ҹȴ˯⣬̧ͷؿһ賤ϲ˵ɫС˵簡磬ҸԴ㣿
ʧأƬ̵/бڴ齱ߣʶؽŴᣣǴ᣽ʵһš
ͬһƬҹ£ھĴϣͷֱֱƺܴ͸ص񿴵һ㡣
Ϊϲȥֻܱϣվµ·֮һΣһ֪˳Ұݣ̧ͷ˿ʧ˻һ磬ֿ˿ԴܻȥûԼЩַȥˡ
һױĲ֪νһûκλӦʲô·
ô磬綼ڣ˵Լô׵ģ·֮˿ҲһĪչ
еҰݽϡ飬εʣδͳ죬㵽Ҫʲôʱ򣿡
۾΢΢գգǺӷ·ͫ貣ʶػش𣺡ľͷ
·֮˸ʵ仰鵽ˣƤһһܸסס
ͷ磬ɹ˰ϵڿԻȥ˯𣿡·֮˵꣬ʱش˸ǷԼ쳤ߡ
֮ͻȻסǲ̫
·֮ǱͻȻȵĽԼʵʵһ󱳵ĺëըˣֱһҪţһۡ
磬ǲв·̧֮ͷָŴ˿̾ɥ֮˿İ;ԼˣԸĽأù𣿡
ѵûΪըëѹ˵㲻ᶮ
һһֱԼϳģŬȴսȢû뵽δüȢѾȥס
ףԭôŬҲȲһ֮Ӵ˳ħϣ
Ҳǡ·ֲ֮ȥɼǵһһģǸ㲻ҿó㲻ûи飬ֻƺʲô飬Ҷܿȴȥ⿪ĽᣬԹ԰Ǹ߿ˣ磡
·𱻵ͷȣ·֮˵öԣǵԣһʱһĿ࣬Ľ᲻⣬ôô
˵öԡ˵ľ񶼻ˣһԾ£ֱη
Ͱѱһôεġš㻹ûӾ͸ˣ·֮ҧгݣ޲ܽһ١
ֻǣҲֻܹˣеҰݵԴµεšԼȥˡ
ǸǰΣ峿ʱۿ΢΢죬̴ʰ˺þãſô㲡
ţ»ˣߵ˵˼䡣
һЦ˻̲סԼ׵ˣɴΪԼĹλͼƽȻ뷨Ӵ˶ĺӡ
˵뷨ֹҪȷ˸еĺƽƽġ
»һҾǣūˡ
̴»ýһЦ˵δúθͳ͹ġ
ƣʱʵˮһЩµĵģֽϣ˰̴¡
һĬ׳ԭ̷ߣ;ٶǳ
һڲˮʣЩˣ
˵˾űһֱӼżȥ̫ӵһֱԼšʵش
ЦΪˣЩӡ
һѵĹԵʲô
ɲǸһžʵˣã˼ء򴽣۽¶һ˿âĴɱǺ˵
˵ΧԳаճ״̫ӵ½ͨץ䵱̲Щ̿ͶͨգѶΪ֮ΧԳѾֵ÷з˾֪Ͼ뱣ֻ̫Ҳס
˹ǣС˸ʻ̵ľģΪ˻ʼ棬¶̫˵ֻ᲻ʹ
룬ѵ˵ģȴ̫ӵĴϷôܰ⵹˼Զ
ȴĪţ¾˼򵥣һʼĿͲ˼ԶǱͼ
ǵã̲Ŵڴһ˼Զˣ׵ĳУ׵С
һʣʷ´ô˵
´ˣλʷ·ˣ룬׳ʵ˭˵ͷ˵´ڰǰͱ̰īնˣ¼Ҳѱš
һϣôôɣ̽ʣǣǻչɣΥ֮£Ҳ÷һԡ
չɴ˼ǰĪУǰ֮Ȼȴ˵𣬱ǵһЩ                        
лҪ˵߾ڼҹԹԴţ鷳Ҫûྨini

 40 

ʵ⼸, ߥ켰˼Զȥ֮, Ѿ, ˴¼ֱ漰
ĬƬ, ڴΪ˼ʱ, ͻȻ˵:£Ҫȥҵĺá
ҵ, Ѹź£ָĵױ, һš
Ϊϴεľ, ѾûгԼĴ, ǰҲֻỤ̊ĹŮ̫һűϵۡ
ʱ, źˮĶȹŮüͷɨ, ƺĳǺ, סؿԡ
΢΢Ŀ, ŴױʾԼףŶׯ߽ʡ
Ƽˣһ̶Ŀһ䣬Щҧˡ
˵뱾һ, ˾ţá˿ĵ⣬ɺЩˣ
һûڸʰٰ㻤ӻ
Լҹ˵Ǹµģæ߹Ƿ:л¹һǹӼãǲô˵
˵ͷ˵:ܿˣ޲桭
ȻдģǱȥɷ˵ĻӺＷ⼸֣ٽŤ
δ˵ʲôѾǰס֮ߣ˫ϥ:£Ҽҹð¡
澣һ㣬Լֱߵһҩֱʲϲһߵ˶ѱ𣿣
Ѫ˳ķ˿䣬ȴ˿ҶֻһǸ
Ŀڣ״:ǺιʣԸˣ߱ˣҽĹúƣ˳ҲֹѪ
Ӧһ̵ԸСŮȥˡ
ŰƵļ磬Ǳ֮ɫԼеľָСŮ˲Ѫͺһ㶼/˵ڡ
мվͶ͵棬סصǸ
֪鲻ãൣЩº͵ЦЦƳһ۴һĹҵĺɰУǱһ⣬£ˣĹֻһˣҪú÷̡
˵ĺ󱳳һ亹סɰǷߣȥǵĺ飬ϸĥ𳤹Ļ
棬в⣬ȴʣһͨ졣
ϵɻǳǳһЦ˵:ߵĴŮֻﱾԸʵǻ֮󣬻ʺָɹȥźģģ֪Ϊ¶һ³͸֪ܱ
Ȼ:ūˣлָ㡣
»صߣԽСĽҲƣߵ˾͸½С΢ҳϿɿ߲һ졣
˻صʣͿ̴Ϣ
̲ס泤ʡ
̴Ź⣬:ȻϣϽеĹһԵȫ̲ͱλͷϣԹڣ˵Ѿ㽫ǶֱӰչš
ȻⲽȻֱӳ˼Զն˼ԶֻұۡԺֻڳ͢ٲά裬̫֮λס˿λûбˡ
ֻ˼Զʧȥ̫֮λйȥͷ֮ޣҪڳ
ոյǻʹλһƷ󳼣켱һʢůģΧһۿ̨֮ϣһϲģ·ʲô¶
֣˴֮ʵֱ̫λӣȫǺѹѹĳ
һϲֵȴˣ˵岻ʡ
˼Զ˪һ㣬ȴҪǿջЦŬһſסԼЦûѿ
˼ɱԵˣ˼ĳȾ˵Цæòɿ
ȻֻǶƷȴڳ֮ףһֱϲù˵ʷڣ·Ӧ
ԼеľƱųЦ˵:λ乲˱
ǲԼͬվ˫־Ʊһ:ȶлϴ;ơ
쿴ʮ:˴ΧԣȣҪʹ֮ˡ
ʵһ仰ɹｻһ˲侲ĺһ仰
ūЩʱռ¼ϵġ޴Цøϲ˵ʱͣ٣ӦشڶȲαǵĽͳ죬δˡ
ֵ˹سĬƬ̶̣ٶȱȲ
˼ԶƱͷһҾȸ˲䲼ȫصطǰϣƺԴ㣬顣
˼ȻعƱʾ:ϲδˡ
罫ǰľһޱл
˼Ҳ̬ȣһֱǸӣȵһЦҲԼо¡
޴ʥּʹĶȵ׸Ĺ
ôҪг֪еĵληóףǻʵۣ˭ߴѹ˭һ仰¡
ƣ¹ѻһʵۣҲס
̹Ȼ˻η塢ۡʡ޵ߣվߵ̨뵥ϥأܻʵ۵ʹ͡
ţӦʹλԼһЩѫӵܣȻûõʹ͹ء
պãŵӿڣΧԵʿҪԼõʹ֮صƷ͸Լİ֮ˣꡭ
˵꣬ĻЦ˵ȻҲѭЩ˵£ð᣿
ƺһЦǽʮЦ
ѫӵһһԼصƷתԼˣǵóŮɫ糺죬һ۳ȥƽһ԰
ܿ죬ֻʣ·֮ˣ˵Ŀȫеϡ
ˣһ󣬷·ʹ飬һ沿Ȥһѫӵиۡ
һڲˮ⣬ʵڴţ̲ס˺󱳣ÿ⽩ʯ
·֮ڳվ۹·£Ƽεı飬һЦڴĿߵǰ
·֮²ˣ㽫صƷתڳΪŮˡ
·֮ȴԼƤգգۣһʱЩȣһڸǹȥ
쵹ԵʮֿģȻûˣôֳŮˣҲŮݲɫƨؿһ·֮ͻȻСƽҲԵÿɰ
õƳһȻԼݲʺֳϣڣ˼֣롰Ůˡʧ֮ۡ
׸ôҲû뵽ԼƽﹷϲϯĶӽȻô˵еľƱô˰С
ȴף·֮Ϊ룬ȽʵۻɣФ볤ػʮֲã·֮ǰһͬҲû˵ģȻȻˡʡ֮ˡ                        
лҪ˵ÿΪ人ģػչѹأƲйͣ人ͣ

 41 

·֮, еĴ֮⣬̲ס޹İ, ֮, Ļ᲻ᱻȥ
һһԼȻ©Ƭ, æͷȥ, ±ƼԼ쳣顣
Ӷʹ͵СŮùһӣĶѼһɫĳȹ, 쳣»
ȹԸذĳߴһʱ, շת˹, ˹еĶ
˫ֽӵݵǰ, ̫ˣֿҪ֮, ˵û, 㽫תĳ¡
·֮ǰ, Լλûок, λˣԼһֱߵĹࡣ
˺һԹһ˿įѲŻعʾ£سЦЦ
Ц, Լһٿһ£ֵҰһ㡰ܡУһ׸ģ
츧ƴЦúúãˡΧԱ㵱Բˡ
ƴԻʵ۵ԲԺãӺͳǷ׷׾ƱｻУ·̲ͱλԹű㲻һ㡣
ڳﶼʮҪְλʵ۲ѡˣΪˣع֮һġ
һЦת˲ţתصԼλȥˣƱң̶ηӦԼһ
ؿǰ緽վŵһ߼أ·ﳤһ֮
ӡУδЦû뵽ЦȻ˺ÿ˶࣬·Ǻӷ·𶼵ӳںڵ˫С
࿴ʧģЦŶԵĸ˵ĸõ£Ǳˣͽա
Ϸ˻ôͣŮƲСѾͷ˼
ױˣϷһڳк޸ʵҲһ㣬˵ףƺ⳯иӣǻʵ۰ϵİӣλŮ޸
Ϸ˿ͨ͸ƵģȻԼ̻˿ա
Цҡҡͷ⼸չ۲죬ǱȴǸģĸ̴죬ֻҲա
ƼĸЩãѯƵһ۹࣬൭һЦһĵ
ȴķģϾĸʹˣֳزǺϲ򸸻ʶ˼䣬̴ߵĸߡ
ĸǲ뿴ȥȻСʱǰ㣬Цü䣬Ŀγ
ãĸȷЩˡϷҪ˵תԹ˵࣬Щ˶ཻĸȻȥˡ
֪ĸҪʲô˵ҲãĿ뿪
Ƽ뿪΢΢Ŀĺ⣬̽ҹɫȺУȥ׷ˡ
һУƹĹУԳƵЦЦԼһɢүȨƣ˹ĸȻʺ⣬ֺγǺ޸
оһôƵĿ⣬תͷƼԷı磬ƱңһԼȺˣ㽫Ŀת𴦡
ŹϷסȥ˷·˵Ļһ·˵Цű㵽˵ط
ٺùϷˣҪˣȴһסɻػͷ:ôˣĸкλ˵
ĸ㣬硭Ϸֹôһ£
ң磿𷽲˵ûˣûʲôͨĳ볼ӵĹϵ
ϷҲĻԣС˭ﻹû룬ܹ黹ҪúùӣοЦЦ:ˣĸձϸͻ顣
ʲôһʶسԼ֣ĸֻãޱ뷨ôᡭ
һ˵˻֮ԣҪϴͻ飿
ϷֲţҲ¼ĸֻˣΨһԸϣϼףҲĿˡ
ޡüͷֵ˵ĸһꡣ
Ϸ˴ЦЦ:ʲô꣬ͣʲô͸ģֻ๲ؽ֮ãá
δĸĻϣ͹ùϵǰǣǣԺҲ䡣
ĬԶԣϷ˻ʲô׵ģֻ⺢ѾģУ罫¶ɱѿ״̬
Ϸ˲£:ĸˣȻȥ´˻顣
ΪĸǿԼ̬ȣתأʹظ뿪͵̴һԼĴʡ
סʼҴʺԶмһС··յĴ¹ڵʵʵ
̴ŵƣȴ޷ȫǰе·ֻǰߣ·Ǻܳ
˸ոߵһʱ̴С·ͻȻϸ΢춯ƺ˳߶١
̴æ:Сģˡ
˿ţĿȥٶΧԳϮģ˼Զöˣ룬ȥǵ鷳ǵˡ
Ƭ̼䣬ӿʮˣͷ֮ǰΧ˭Աߵ̴һۣԱߵ˵:Ƚ
˷ӵȵҪͷı̴к
̴һƣչṦԾȺ֮У:ߣ
ͷص˵ͷ:Ǹĵģȫʬ
̴뵽˵İΧȦһ˲һ̴ĲѵһҲ޷⣿
һıݣ
һ߷ɱһ:ˣд̿ͣ
δ䣬ȻԼһůģӲͣȻǰվŵˣȻ硣
Щϲ:磬㣬̫ˣ̴
µġٿȺ˵ʱɫ˲һڣģɱ
˵ʱɣ۽üҶů⣬ôһ˲ԺˣƵй٣ƮƮļ֣ʮ˵ˣʹսᡣ
ϣݶ˷ð˫ں˵Ľһߵչ˵ɱ
ڵסɱĳ棬һֻ֣ǰ:𿴣ۡ
ͻȻµûţǵĸߣ¾ս˼ԶݣͻȻ䣬ĳֽһȫ̴ң֣ⷢȻһˣһֱþȫػ
һᣬЩæգգۣˮգ˻ȥ
Ľëëطģһ֮дĴȫ廹֯õġѾɾ˽ӡ
˸ɾؽеĺˣʣҴƺֻ֪׼ҧԾȴۼֿж°͡
ʾͳ:ˣ²ô죿
ƺûûκλӦֻǴվļ米ֱһ·ʩ˶䡣
лҪ˵
ƼԼ±ӵ:һ֮裨ǰղز·Сɰ߹·ǧŮָͷ㿪רղһǡ
һϱΪ̫־ɣӹ͵Ļ飬һӲǿסԼλãȴø࿴ᣬյ³
صʮ꣬һȻӵҩתͷ޸־֮
־֮Ǵĵļǧգ侲Գ֣ԴȢһ̣ͱò
־֮Źһӣֶκһ̣߹޵ض˵ʲôңͨͨҪ

 42 

˲ͷ, һ۱Ĵˣ:󡭡
һס, ĽԸ:ɾ, ²ţߡ
ʾʮֲ:˻ûԸ, ôأ
ùذȱʧ֮˵, ҡͷ̾һԶ˵㣬ǲȫᴫȾƵġ
һԵ̴ûס, ͡һЦ첽źˡ
ͽɶ, һɾͳ, ֻȥ׷ˡ
о, ̧ͷȴǳ, һʱ侹Ҳס, Ƭ֮, žЩ, һȥ
绺ڰյֽճȭСظһֵҰΧԳ˼Žƽ
Ȼع:ô
ΧԳκζӲҵ۾ʵش, գҡܲ
ѿڶġлֺ̻ȥ:ѧҲ´ͬ飬Ϊ
ᶨ:ڵĵطǱҪұز̫Զںˣǽ֮ˣ㲻ΪѧҲҲһ̡
·֮˵ʵ뷨͸ܴģǷģ粻֪Լոչƽģٶȡġ
Ǵ죬֣ᷢһδͳĶӵա
㡭û뵽һֱЩߵδͳͻȻôֱףЩĿ֪࣬λӦ
ףﱳ̫࣬ҲʲôӦ˵ʲô㵱һŵƣΪ·
δͳ챾ˣһǹŹģнǼ˶Լ²ǻ΢Цؽͻشʡ
վڴ⣬ĥ˺ܾã绹ʳ:ǡ
гڴ̡ᡢСϵĺβ
΢΢ͷ·𲻸ӣ³:ͬˡ
ԣ緽ŻŻΧԳȦģžߴһڵأˤۡ
뿪ıӰ෢Ŀڣʮֹ۵룬ͬ˾ͬˣܱ֮ǰúã֮ĹϵҲǽһ
һˣĲӻ˻ʵ۴ʡ
˵̿ͣû˰δڣ˿̼ƽŻػꡣ
¿ţţ۽¼һƵؿڣҿҿ汣ӣ
ˣҲûţö˶˵ػˡʮãصǣȥЪŰɡ
¶׼ҹūΪҹһĵǣ˫ϥ
̴˵йȴֻδ浶ľֵɱһսȻûˣϾܾС
׼˴󣬶ɫ΢Щ׵̴˵:վͲҹȥЪš
֪Ϊǣ̴ижǷǷ:ǣū澶л
̴뿪һİϤĴĪЩ㱣˵ͬˡʱԼﾹƱһϸһ£ϸϸܵۡ
ɫ̫ãǵ˵:£ū澸ҽơ
û¡ɫ˼̧֣ͷŴȻ֪ˣ£͸֪Ժʲô¸ʲô²ߵˣֻڱһˣף
һȥ:ǣūס
:δԺͬˣŹͬĵˣҪͨϢֻܸ㴫Ļף
ɫ絶ǴһֻҲԭ£Ρ
ǡȥԼǵ亹ձҪ̻ع¿ʲôعȥģūȥ׼
ûʲôرģ㴦ʮƣ˰֣۲˵
̫Ӵڣ˼ԶǰǰԾ֮УȻһŮ裬ѣ롣
Ůһʼͷ˻̧ͷһ˫ȴһĹâ΢еĺûӰӭϮ
˼Զһعٿȴʲôûŭؽƻϣ޾ĺڰ
ʱ̫ӸβڴһƬڣ̶Ҫơ
˼ԶһŽץס:ˣ
βһ㶣̫֮еļȣȴ֪̫볤кγԹҪɳô̿ȥ׽
ɻӵ˼Ҳܲµģβ:ص£鱾˳û뵽·ɱ
磿˼ԶõüôĶĶ
βʵ˵:ǽͳ죬ϴγ˴ɱ֮£ΧԳصþͰһ㣬Ǵʱ֣ʵǲ׵֡
β̫Ӷ꣬Ȼ֪˼Զʲôԣ̫ӸԺһȺŮӣܵﻹС
ԺͻȻ뵽һֿܣѵ̫ӵЩʧȥȤԼа
ͷһðβʵʵ˸֪ԼˣֻܾС
ֻ˼Զ˵:˵ûΧԳ磬ٳҲ첻󹬣ʱ
̫ӵ£֮ϸֳ/Ц⡣
βòϵµ:Ⱥһ׽ˣڵʡ
ʲô˼ԶƨƵԭô˵
˼Զʵû뵽ĺȻлڣʳʲôǻ˵ã
¿°ѱ˼ԶĬƬ̣£Ŀ
β΢΢ҡͷ:ûУЩʿҲ֪µݣ粻ʲô
ãȥ̽һ˿һϢ©磡˼ԶԼӺмĥ¶мл
β̫ӵµ˼ǵʲô¿϶Ӧһȥ̽Ϣˡ
˼Զ΢΢˱ۣԼҪ侲Ǹݵˣſɾͻȫ̽䡣
ʱˣЩһֱƲﻵˣ֪ϢҪ
ԼĵȸԾϲ֮۽ü:֣ô𣿡
˼ԶķԼĴʮֲͷ:㲻æͻȥԼúôţܳ
һ㶣׻ΪͻȻƢЩί˵:ⲻǹʲôף
˼Զһ:ǹңǹԼĳ֮λǸˣ
ʵϢһϣ˵Ť˰죬վ:վҪعǻҪҵİز٣̬ȣɱá
˵ţתҪߣƶ˼Զϰݡ
Ȼ˼ԶƵЦˣ˵:㣬ָղŲΪʧܶķ˵ôñ
һЦʩʩȻ߻:ʧˣعҲʧܣǳʵǹŮҲǿŸ֮λǹԮȥ֮Ұ㡣
ǣǣֻòϡ֮λ˼ԶæЦ˵ʱ󹬶õ£ĸ˵һ
ſĵЦˣ·Ѿ˳һ졣

 43 

峿, 緢شźԼػǡ
һ, ûڱץĺʳκõĶ, һŭ֮£˺˵ֽŽ, ڻɽ, ѪֱҰޡ
ʧѪ࣬ޱߵĿ־б˫ۡ
Ϊʲôû, һ޴/йȫ, ˿಻, ֽ첻Ӧеصزĸо
ػǵ·, һգƻʱֲŽ˳šϷſҪ, Ѱ˸, ת, Լͳˡ
һ۸ڶ, ೯ٴɫʿҲ֪ԼҴ˻᲻ԸһɢϷˡ
סϷһڿϴӦԣܵǰͨȥˡ
Żʵۣµô˵, ֻ»õһЦɶԷĸ㲻ҵתͷĳҾȥ
˫ֽץǿԼȥǱߣôλε۾ţһץסѱٲ
Ƽĸ߹ȥתͷԸ̴:СĴĸʲô
ܾò죬ĸһسի֮ˣ綼ʶʲô£
̴ӦһӰһת˲ʧ
絽Ϸ˳ǰȻδȴعһҾʮǫ˵:Ϸˡ
Ϸ¶һЦ:δ˲ضδ˹󡣡
ɻüͷǹ˵:Ϸ뽲
Ƽ֮ɫ꣬ȻԼ˹Ϸ˻ʲô׵ģĪһЦ:ѹǣʻ϶֮ˣҼ볤С÷
Ϸ˴˻һڣʲô˼ɫİһķŵ̬ȣشĻ:¾ͲϷ˲ġ
⻰ѹϷҭ˸ȥĻû˵ڣ磬ʮĳǸЩûסǽþò:δҪ׾֮Ϊӣ͸Լı֣зǷ֮롣
Ϸ˴ر֡ɫȫȻһһתߡ
Ϸ˱ҭصһȦŴùȺݺһᡣ
ͬʱ̴صľһһʮظ
һѾܾ˴£û뵽ĸȻҵ磬һʱЩá
ɫ:̴תĸ²ᣬҾ޸࣬øʴͻңǾ̧һʬ˼ţ
̴æӦȥ
̴ĴϷԽ϶ΪŻ˵ļǺֶ˼֡
ϻعͷȴ£ʺһʰظɸɾԴʢװڹſӭӡ
ϿܿģûʺǴ󷽵壬һ֮ĸķ緶ǰ˵棬ס˻ʺ֣ȥ
ɼһЦҲڴ̴£صٶȾΥľ蹬
蹬ȻĴɨˣйŮ̫׷׹ӭعһϲġ
ǳüۣ΢΢̧:ɡ
̴ӻʹ͵ĶóһЩǷˣǶǧлˣֻһŮ
ǸŮǳµŮֻĴӲܼ·⼤ϥе£ü˵:ū澴л´ūԸΪţĶ¡
Ĵ߸һĨζЦ:㻹Ĺ𣬱סˡ
𼤶Щ޳Ǳǵöˣ˶سͷȥæԼˡ
һߣ̴ɻ:𡭡
ҿҪʲô΢ȴűһ㣬˼ȻѾϷ̨ӣǲԵȤ
ǣūˡ̴ȥǸ
¾áֹ˭ˣ
طȥ£ҿ˭Ǿ֪ˣЦⲻ۵ף˶˳ȥ̽̽ڷ硣
һ:ǣūˡ
ҹƽţĿŴᣣƺڵʲô·Ʒ롣
ҹǴֵҹվڹſڣͶһգѾЩ٣Ѿʼ˰ڣһڴ꾪ʱͻȻһӰǰãֻ¶
Ҫڴ󺰡̿͡ȴһϤ
ҡ
һܵعȥе:ū澲μδˡ
磬ԴϷ˵֮£ƾѹס/Ļ磬ǹǰֻѾһѡ𡱸ճɻҽ
˰ʱĲվǱǰѻյһƬհף˴˿ҹֱ蹬ֱվЩԼĳ嶯
ĶЩӴǿѹסԼЩģ:£
ͷȥ³Ϊδֵҹģ֧֧˵:Σδˡ
δˣһץסԼЩ֣ôˣʲô£
ԴЩĶһֱ̶˳ѪҺ֫ٺϵĹͷһ룬ʣµֻǿ֧վ
ǰѻ𣬴˿̴һֱյƤϣաûһŹ
˰ûκηӦΪˣĪЩʧ䡣
˫ϥţҲǣҲǣһʱһ㺹飬·ʪ͸ˡ
ֵƬ̣ȷûʲôŴӵڳһžͿһһ磬͹ŵĴ
ȥšĻڽ˴
æҲƵķɱȥΪš
δôʲôҪ˵߽񵭵¹£Ե磬ôվţ
Ѿģҹ΢紵ůģŵվ¹£ŮԵңԶλá
ŬԼȥһѽĳ嶯Դ˻Ƶ:Ϸ˵Ҫͻ飬ǡ
Ҳţ
Ѿؾĸ޸ࡣֱ꣬˵ԼĴ𰸣·һ϶ڵȴ˵仰ֻ࣬ã
ȻԼһϵĴ𰸣ɵһԭأؿǰѻԽԽ̵ֱպҪγѪ
Ƭ̣ѹֲסطǶҪֵȥˣ˫ֺʶش˴ꡣ
һϵзľٶӦ˫־ͱһץסĿڣҲçײ࣬ţʵָͨӦġ
ģһ̣ͬˣ
磬㡭Ǿ̫粻ôɵĺʮּ١
嶯֮£ж֧ӣץס˫֣˿̲žͻȻſɫǺҪתߣͻȻ뵽챻·֮仰˵ɬߵĹŮŲʯԭء
Ŵ·һôۣȻһͷһСɿ˵Ĵ                        
лҪ˵:ĸУҸϱʲô÷ǿ벻
:ףλúϡ
߾:δҪע⣬人ǵڰ죬˵ӽ쿪ʼʮ󱬷ʱ䣬ûҪ飬ǧţżǵô֣֣֣Ҫ˵飩
·֮:ʾڼұֻ˯ˣǵôһ¿ӣܴϲ
߾:ᣡ

 44 

, ¹ˮ
˫ֱؿȵϣԻͳվԺﲻͣظԼˮͳ, Լ°, ĥŴôȥһ˾ͳˣѲɡ
ٶ˵Ļ, Ȼһ, Щȿֺطɳ⡣
ͷ˭ʱһȭڶԷļϣû:Ҫ, ҹĲ˯ҹ, ͷɢ㶼ܴſլ, ֪
ƲƲ, Լһ˵壬Ű, Բƽ, ͳ˺:ʲô, ǲʲôµ֮
˵, ûȺİ۷ּ꣬Ҫȥ:Ҫʹһȥ
ҿлл㰡û°Լӿ۳ɹɹ̫𣿡һץס˼ѪƵ࣬ȻҪùˡ
ǣ˵ʲô಻ʣʾϴˮΪ
ӵصһ, Щ/һЦ:׳ôͷ///ֻˮܻܰ𡣡
Ȼ򣬡ԭղŴȥҳ˰
İ۶췭:˰ҹʧ٣ȥҳȥΪ£ô/ʢʮʮǰߡ
ԼʮͰˮȴɽԼȼյĻ棬ſӣЩѿزסԼȥɫ죬Ŀ֮УԾݶṦʩչ£ת˲ʧھ蹬
ԼһٶǰĶӣֻԼضǣ񶼼񲻻ˡ
ˮķ˿䣬˳ŰʵźͰ˿鸹һһڵϣɫĽʪյϣԽ͹ԳĲͬѰ֮
塰ظ̾һմ˵䣬ûϵԼһڣƼǰӰһʮûҲƵˡ
аֵҹ𣿡ɭں
:
࣡үסˣ
󣬴ˡϲͣת÷ɿԴƺһ˲ȫλʹˣ£ֻǾٺ٣ٺ١
㻹͵ʱ䣬˯ˣŻʹʮȦһ繴˹ǡ
ƺҲδ˵ǳ˳飬ѾԺϰ˫СЬڵԼһһҲҵȥŻʹܡ
緢һͨоԼֻǲϵķɫѾһ·ӵţһַֻڶͷϣ̵ˡ
صԼӣʰһ£ɾ·뿪ȥˡ
ڸ׸ۡ
·֮˫ץֻ䣬ڵѵһ޿ģҡҰڵأʱл˯ȥĿܡ
·ͨһȴ㣬첱Ӵ֣ƽ˹˹ĵȫޣȫһСͷ
ӣ·ָͨ·֮Ӷһһ̵ģȥַϲ̨ĵطҲͰˣȻĹҲȥֵôô˶
·ͨΧԳʱϺһʹһĶûطţʱͺ޲ܰ·֮ȴȳˣٳȥǷǡ
·֮ƲƲ죬Ϊ˵:˭֪Ҳ밡Ҫеѡָ
ž·ͨеıӽʵʵش·֮ıϣָʲô㻹ȥ
ۺ۰̣·֮̿޺һѱһģˣҵҪıɱ׶ӰĹȥַҰϵûУֲȥģƾʲô鶼ͷϣ
·ϷһԿ޺Ҫ˹ӣȴѾţֻܿŴ·ͨԼĶӶµȥ֡
·뻤һӣȴҷɷ⣬ֻһԵЩ
·ͨŴȥÿһޣ־Ͳһ֣ȥٴȴܼҳס
үɲٴˣүףסô򰡡Ϲܼݺᡣ
ǹ˶Ż˵죡·ͨŭȻֹȴ˳ͣϷǲպ󶨻ᴳĻ
ʱ䣬·Ϸ˳ס·֮:·ͨҪٴ򣬾ȴ
·ͨεĽִȥ:ôҲŹң
·֮û·Ϸ߿˿ʼң޵滨:̣۰ĺ۰
·Ϸ˰Լ͵쳤˶ߣԼΨһ:·ͨٴ֮һ£ͲҶӣ
·ͨ˱ӣ̾һתˡ
·ܹӷڻУ۵ش
һ·֮˿ڣ·Ϸ˵һۣȥˮ׼Ρ
·ؾҪһļɹѾϰΪɡ
·֮󱳵˿ںܿͱã˶ǲȥߺſڴϰֱ̾Ŀǣƾʲôÿ˵Ķ
ֱˣһɨǣմû£ԼԺǲ𻹶㲻
ȻоϢЩԣ·һӾʹӳĵ˺תͷȥȴƼһ޽ӽĲŵһˣ̺ʹ˸ܽӴ۵һ亹ֱð
һ޶ԵĲ֮ͣ˵:Ҫ𣿴ҹˣ
£ҹšڴϣޱؿ·֮˶ٿ£
·֮ſã༥:Ҫ˵ҹţδͳɱôˣµ𣿡
أҶ£ʲô绺תͷƳһ·֮ЦӣЩ֪ˣ᲻Ϊ޵øγϣ
㻹˼˵·֮ʹĺ󱳣ǿ֮ɫδͳ첻ٴɫ㲻Ǳͨôǵƨ£ȫʵ϶ȥˣ㲻ܰһ
ΪʲôҪڣһȻ飬˼ҹ͸геľ򡣡
·֮ĥźоԼĥ:磡
Ƭ̣·֮ڰƲͷ˵:ˣˣף϶ѾˣȻҾͲֻǰҵôɡ
չȥ֡ͼ֮أƾһ͹·֮·Һһġ
繴˹:ġ
·֮ЦЦʶô꣬˽˴˵ˣһóľǰ˱ˣȴѼʯʲô˵Լǰ
ҲܰҹűӰ֪ಡ𣿡·֮ؿڣһܾģӿ·Ҷ磬Сүү·ȥ㡣
ٳƶϴһ£Ҫ˵
ڷ³꣬ϵ飬ûСүҸ㲻ģǲڳˣ·֮ʹĺ󱳣Լһˮһ㳤ƪ۵ӡ
·֮ʶô꣬˳δʧ̬˹
:˲Ϣ䣬һλˣҪְλһͷȥ
·֮˷:Щʲôϵ
Լֱۣתͷ:Ҫ
ʲô·֮ŵϴеĲ豭ڵϣ˺Զ

 45 

·֮һ, ͼ·˵·ͨöӺúö, μӿƿ, ΪһΪĺù١
·ϷȴֻϣԼΨһĴӽسΪ, ȢΪ·ҿ֦ɢҶ, ̳
·Ȼ˸ӣǿƵźɷ֮䣬Զӵδް㷢Ȩ
·֮Լ, һΪΪ۳ҽ֮ģʱ, һʱ, ֪ߵغ˵Լ, Щ״ȡ
·Ҿôһ磬˵·ͨ, ϷҲͬȥս, ·֮ҲԼЩ쿪, ˶, ԼܹһǰʿļʵԮҲǺõġ
û뵽뷨ֱĹѪͷ·֮ѣֻóšᲱ
ȻԼһʱԼ²Ƕ, ҪôǼһͺƤˣ˵˵
ôһü㲻Ը⣿
ǣ磬ĸˣ·֮عһŵؿ磬ԼȨѬ죬˭ö֪ҵǳ𣿡
Ϊ̣ϵĻͲ᲻һгģ׼Ʒ¡
·֮պȽȥһڲˮȫ׸˵ذ壬ɴһ˫һ:Ȼһϵľ̫ˡ
粻мһ:ȻأһӾԵ
·֮æҡҡͷֵ˵ͷ;ϽһɲܷŹõĻᡣ
ҲˣͷֻۣҪ룬װɡԼƺЩ˵̫࣬ҲǰеĿܣȻʱӦ԰ˡ
·֮ΪȻص˵ͷ:֪ˣǽϵ˼Ħ͸ˣʱĽ飬˵ϲԸԼ˵ڵĻ
㲻繴˹ҽǸ˵и׼
·֮˵ͷſԼĴŰ˰֣һԹˡ顣
߹ȥһ״ƿǰı໽еУɫת:ǽõĽҩˣл
лү磬ӵţ·֮۵֨ҽУıӰ죬ȴ޿κΡ
ʹ蹬
ڱǰһĻĻظַ翴һۣеĹâ貶Ŀ·ǱЩɵҪһǽ촽뷨
̫ˣ롣
շ˵ģ̴ΪˣҪȥҽƣҶ۵Ѿͷˡ
Ϊˣǲ֪ԼôˣֻǸԼϲκˣҲܻϲϱˣֻƬ̵
ñӽԼȫסǿԼ˯ȥǸͦοݵˡ
⼸շμһֵʳָһһĻúˡ
峿̴һǵվһԡ
̴ǵüͷ:جΣū澻ҽưɣ
һ̴ķ´£һ˵:أ
ʺ﷽˴»˵֪ΧԳܾʱҪΪѹѹ̴ֽط̳·Ϊϣţūƣضġ
Ц:ҰѱôֻڸǰһϷ룬ݡ
ţʢװһʵ۸صδϣ̴Ͳȥʺǵ
ڱؾ֮·ϣδȻڵƼһЦǰ:¡
ﲻض񡣡ֽЩӲֻǴҴһ棬δü˵ϻ
볼ͨҲǾû˵ϻȡЦԶ壬˵Χܾվȥ̽κ̫ˡ
ЦЦһȻշȴδ˿롭硣
ްԼЦЩɬһЦպģȻһŮĽӣˡ
ǻʵۡܡģȻҪװʲô֪ӡ
ѽơֱָΧô飬ѾķзҲţû˵
δ˵Щ˼ЦЦҲ֪һЩ֪֮١
νġͨŪ飬Ҳϵ˻ȥʱ¶ɻ顣
ǳ˳飬΢ЦЩάֲס:⺢ӣ̫űˣҲǺѣû˼
Ҳ׷ʣ΢΢:лѣʲôҥԣҲǲŵģ⹬˴ãʲô鷢ǱضҲ⡣
Цҡҡͷ:ѽѽ˼̫챻˻Ҫء
ôɰ˭¶ŮĿɰգգۣ汻ˣҲбĵ
һЦõӣӣӲʹ
˲Χ˵˼Ȥ˷׷ס죬һ㵽ǵ⣬Ѿˡ
һزκ˷ĺ֮ͨ󣬱ԹԵؽȥһûˡ
ǫһȥߣȴײһԣһ£վѾȥˡ
ߵŮƿȥŭ˵:ˣǾô۸ˣһδóˣ˹ҲҪдģȻˡ
˺Ƣذڰ:ˣǱҵóˣֻ˳Ҳûˡ
ɷ߷߲ƽ˵ʲôԼӺƹæס죬ǰȥ
ʺ꺮ů:ܿˣ˵˺ܴľţⶼһȦۡ
Ϊ:лʺһû£ҽҽãֽ˺Щӣչģ˽ٴľҲȬˣñˣһֱӼ򡭡
죡Ѿ޿̵شĻ
Цһ˵ǹɵģʺɫˣ׵ĸֽһȴ˵ͣ²Լ̫ˣ
ʺŬάԼЦݲ䣬ʮʮû:㸸ʳǽˣɶЩĽأ㸸ʿɴδԱϤϹ
ʺ仰ͽ˵кã˵ǽ˵ģУ߻
ʺ˵˼ء·һҲûʺɫҲûеĲ죬õԼλϣ۶ãĪҪ֡
ʺЦЩ:˵Цˣ⺢ӣôأˣֻù͸Ҳѹѹ
ҲƴǣĺùʱֱסȻվǷǷ:лʺ͡
ˡ¡ʺɫ̻˼֣ЦŰ:Ӳʾͱվ
ǧл£˷ܲѵضֻƣʮֿĵӡ
ʺסɫŮ侲ϧûԼôõĳǸһҪ˺Ƭ顣                        
лҪ˵:ϱ߾ס
:߾ס
&:뿴ʹ߾ɣ
߾:ѱͷ(Ԩ)

 46 

ۻʺ̽, Ӧ磬¶˿Թ֮, ʺֻ÷, ԼЩʣ˶ɢˡ
Ƕߺ, ŭյؽǰıյȫ˸:ĸ˰, ԽϷˣ˼ֱ֮¡
ʺΪȻ, ǰǵͷҴһҾ, Сų, û뵽˳ӱ仯֮, ֮ǰϷݳǸǿ, һ˰뱲ӵ˶̾硣
Լϵ, ڸǰ, øɱҵĴŮ, еˡ˵ţԼҪԼίĸҪΪ
㸸ǰ˵²̫պѰʵʱʺһЦʱͲٿ۵Ѿͷ
ĸԼ˵, жҪЦˣĸɱǺñһֻһס
Ȼ˵ҪһԸ˼ԶǸ/ɫ֮ͽֻ·߲ǲɱǵòʧȫ˼ԶǸɫ/ߣĸɿЩ
ȥɫ̫ãһЦ:ﻹΪǸѾͷģ
ʺ󲻴:ôȥ
ֻΧ֮£ΪĹίճ檿ۿĹȥŮųʲôӣһСɷףŮΣʱʮص⽫ǲߣ檺ô붼òԣǷʲô
ô˵æ˵ͷ:˵ûʱŵû겻壬ʲôû⣬ԽԽòԣѲǸɱģΪǸɱģԽѵһ٣ɱô
һһͣʺŲɣԽѾͷ̫£Ҫ뷨ҲԽǿҡ
Żոպã˳ջмǣ뿪ǵ
صԼĹУͿѾŲڵţЩֵ:ʶôսˣ
ĸȥǵˣ˼ɷ²豭ɼˣ
ȻǼˡüͷʣôͻȻѾͷ
˼ɹ˹:ĸͨһΧ֮УѵûףǸļϵŮǱ߽˳ޣаһĸԺں󹬶շȻкܶô
һСѾͷܶʲô棿֮Աǣһ߰۵ûǰǹʾ
˼:ĸϸ룬֮ǰʾҲãǱ˳֮ľҲգзѣҲ̫Ρ
Ц:Ȼʺ֮Ůʺжд̡
ǣʺ󲻿ܻΪѣǲһʵʾãضὫ˼ɵһЦ˹ؼʱ̣Щ˵ʮ䣬ɶֲøϲľ˵һ䡣
֮ջݣ֮УлӵģԺлӵǶǡˡȴû˿ֱӵϵͳΨһġˡ
ϸϸһ룬ô˵ͷ:Ȼʶô˵ˣĸȻ뷨ӡ
˼ɵ˵ͷ:Ǿͺãĸ˴Χԣһ£ǸЩͬѰĸһ顣
:˵ѷ֣Ҳ֤ˣδ޾Ѿףǵ죬Ҫºú¡
ã֪¶ĸۣ֮ͽĸˡ˼һЦվ:Ͳٶ˵͸ˡ
ǵֱȥ԰Լٲ͸͸ҪʺǶĸŮˡ
ȴ죬Ůʮֿģ罫뵽ͤС
߹ʱǰֳ£ͷؽᣬ࣬ԡˡ죬ЩʯѵһһߵǰһԶ
繪һҾ:μ
˳ǣԼһЦ:δ˲ض񡣡
һͬߵͤڣһվһȴɫ죬Էӡ
Ǳվŵģ첢δĲףƼŮɫ:ôɫģſǳʲôˣ
ҡҡͷ:ûʲôһ·ߵЩ̫죬֮ȣš
米Ƕĵط˹ǣȻҲΪ죬ֿ㹻ϲЩˡ
ȱ裬ЪŮĻ˱ˮʲôϲ£¡أ
ûûʲô˸лȴ˵
֪ŮӣŴ:˵
һһ˿ɼسԼҡҡͷȻֳֹ̱顣
⺢ӣʲô¶ԼŮǲ˵޿Ҫʮ塣һŮʴȣҪ򣿡
ʡͼק
ջԼ䣬ôҲ
æ˫ϥأ»һ˵:ϱǵ£ϴδ粻׵Ĺڽʢװ硣
ſЦĶͷ:ɵӣΪ룬һģһ
ἰĸףɫ΢䣬ת˲:ǰŮ׶һЩ
ᵽ˶Ĭȥ쿴Ʋ˵˰:£Щƣ롣
վ:ǣˡ
ƺĺƣ룬ٿڣ뿪
ͤȥʱ͵͵һۣӾҲȻͣƬ̣æתͷ첽뿪
紽ǵĻ˼ֻ֣뿪ıӰֱֿ˻
ԶڰԵ˵:һ£Ҿ²ǻˣȻһοЦ
ԵҲֱĴϺݺݵһѡ
ࡰ໡תͷһǺĲɵʱ͵͵վ󣬻˸ͻȻϮ
壬үҵͷ
˴ţƻʳʮȦһһ˵·ҪҧûģҾܣһǱˣСүȻۡ
ƽѵΪϿҲǱѵˣƤ񣬷ʮȦ϶ܶˣˣ˫ȴ˿̻Űӣ·
ᵽ£ԼûȣʱйԺԼһҲͲƽˣʹźļ˵:ͬڡ
˵ںִ֮ǰѾӷɿˡ
˿Ƕ϶׷ģֻԭشţͻȻǰӰ̱ƹȥǳŴ˹æ
΢΢:θͳ첻ض񡣡
һȳһյظȥ:£΢ȥ
δֻܾǿȽŲ㣬ֵ:θͳôˣ
Ŷû£ֻˡͰ͵˵Ŭٶ˵Ļ棬Լı̫/ŵ

 47 

忴, ҲͣǴ˳ȥ, ǲ̫, һЦ:лδ˺⣬ˡ
һۺ:˻Ҫ͵, õ±ϡ𣿡
εЦЦ, Լһϣ²ǰҲܻˡ
Զعͷ, ҲѴ԰æԱ߶˶㡣
άŴϵı, ɵɵظڻ, ಽ, оͣ£ֱײȥ
ü, ʵûۿǼͳˡ
һ, һǶ˵:̲Ǳߵˣ
, ɫ˲ָճı, ٶȿһ:غ˳̲ͨնŻؼˡ
˵ͷ:̲εûʧ˭£
ĬƬ̣ƺڻ便˭̶˵:Ӧ̲ˡ
ڻǣֻб˼סͼͽķݶ, ӲὫĸǶԻʵ̾ʹֻҪʵ۵ġ
գһˣ;ԼǵһһģʱĿܣһһۣЩ
粻˵仰ҲûӣҲܽӡ
֮ڣ̲νǳҪͬʱȱʧ簡ͻȻͣ½ŲתͷζؿʣʲôõѡƼ
ɻü:֪ӲκγύǵҲѡǵûС
ЦЦ磬ҡͷ̾Ϣ˵:ѽѽǳ˴ɱɱʲô񲻱ȴǰ޸ոյǻҪӶ෽Ϊ£ף
ͷ:ǣ֪Ժ󶨵ѧ࿴
һЦ:Ӧöѧϰ޻ᡣ
ǣлࡣʱ䴽ǣûʧ
:ȥǸո
޴æӦһС鲽ȥսǼƣֻԼûгһ˫
蹬һţǸдŮͼҴܹ˫ϥ:ū澹ӭ»ع
ǳ:ū澣Ҳ»ιܵģʲô˶ã
̶ڵؿߵ:ūֻΪ֪½ճȥڹſӭӣ˿ҲǺæµ֮ʱū澲ӭӵ¡
˵ĵˮ©˾һ
º͵һЦ:̫ڱˡ
̾˿:¾ʴȣŻᵼһظǰգ˹ء
Ҳ˶ģֻ̫ڱˡЦⲻ۵ףŴ𣬡ɡ
𻶻ϲϲվųǷǷȴûȥ˼ǰ
ϲصһ:Լ֮£Ժ¸ǰա
ݸһЦĴ֣˵:ŵǸڿģԺ͸𱾹Ĳɡ
һţæ˶:ū澶л£ū澶㡾ְأԵĲ
䣬ʮֲ˵:£Ѿͷ̫
Ȼ⣬ףǻˡ
ȥɣˣ̴ź򱾹С˯˴Ļֱ޵ȥ
̴ؿһ۴̶첽ȥ
õؿһ۰ŵĴ𣬾Ӹµ˵:⹬У뷨˲٣ƤģһǵһμȻ·ԸˣźɣɼǵҪСء
漸֣һһٵ˵
Щվͷ˵:ô˵ͲˣūҲǸһֻĹź򳤹£һ˵ԺǾҪˣֶָ㡣
ʲô˼ˣÿһ֮˵ĿŴȥıӰҡҡͷ
»ûشӰ߳:֣ҪūŶʲô˽Ӵ𣿡
˵أûҪݾߡҡͷֻ⾪蹬ȴҪģɱʲô۶ӡ
ǣūס»˵꣬Ϣʧˡ
ЩӣȻں󹬴ˣ˽ﶼ˵˻δóңѾףѹ֮ǰŲϽ
»Ϣ
ź㲻ߵĴ˳ȥһС̫ජţŻֻʣ³¡̴»
Ц:δ֣ѾסˣȻˣǾͲز֣Լͺá
ǡ»ͷ⼸ūŲδǴڲжʲôֽţֻܵĴ
ȥĲɵذŪһ˼Զʲôס֮ˣ۴˭ˣǵĺβͲزˣҵžǡ
»ߺ˫ֽžҧŴΣ:̴ǰЩӿǳʲôˣ
̴׳ΪͻȻʵش:˲鳭λ˵ļңб˽ңȶ
üͷԽˣʵһ:±֪ѵû𣿡
̴Ŭ룬س̫ӵʲôԲߣ˵:̫ӵƴҪڻǰ֡
˭˼ԶʲôЩش̴Ļ˵ġ
̴һͷˮʵǲ֪Ҫ˵ʲôЩǰ£ĻʲôģĿת
ҡҡͷʾԼҲ֪Ҫʲô
һ㸣飬ǷǷ˵δ˽ЩӶڹУ˵ǻѧһЩպõΪЧ
ôһ˵̴ΪԼ˵ʲôӲǱӣ۲۵ģ͵ЦǺ˼֢֮
û˵ɽеľƺڵŴ˵ȥ
̴ˣɿʣδѧʲôȥˣ֪ʱع
̲ѡ˵ʱǰ̲մˡᣬĿǰδѡδȥһѧϰһ߹۲ЩԱʱдһÿ˵
̴һ۳ɫ͵͵һЦδ˻ˣѹֽնû޽˵δ˶Գо֮ҪҪЩˣԱ⣿
˵˵ǵģϱʲôûȥ˵ôãδ˵Ľ
̴æū澿ɲδˣδֻһ˼ء
һۣɫ΢΢˺죬ҲʾˣȥҪ˯Ƭ̣ʲôʲôȥű
̴ʹһЦһߵ⡣
ڴϣȥ˯ţģʹĸֻ꣬Ҫ۾ԺоͻḡֳΪ׹ǵʳָ˲䡣
ͻȻ룬ȵʳָ֪Ǻθо
ôţԼֵֻʳָָʲôоҲûУյزӣ棬Ժ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪ǴϢٶȿ죬ÿ죬֮˯ʱͿվ齱ߣйâԡ
䴽ǣ续üĿƽս˵ңұˡ

 48 

ǻδ˯, ڴߣԼ˫, ʣʳָ, ʲôо
һ˯ѣھ֮ǰǸ⡣
һ, г֮ɫŨ, Լֵʳָǰһ£֪ˡ
˵ͷҲԼֵʳָ, ָɲǼ, һٿϸ, Ҫĸо
ʱ, ųˣⲻ, վǰ, Ȼջ, ͷȥ
ôˣʲôʱ, ̴ôͨһͷʡ
˵ңұˡ˳ֳԱߵһ̹˴ߣ´Ϣ㲻ͨվԼĪһӡ
ѾԼĹ, 㲻ؾƣΪˣǱ˴⣬ҲǶԷϤ׽Ǹˡ
ȵ̧ͷ磬뵽žôֱضԼ˯ӣʶ룬Լ˯ƿɻãû˵ʲô˵Ļ
ֻǰ֮ˣ˼ԶǱߣʲôֿʼԼľ롣
ûӴŮˣ˽ŮʲôﶼֻһˣֻҪϸϸ۲죬ͻῴܶԲԣ˿̡
⾪蹬ⶼǵˣиϸ˿Ҳᱻ˲ɫؿŵץס˳֡
һʲô
ҲҪʲôͬˣˣһңҡҡȴڿ峺ˮʱȴִزϷſ֡
˺һ૵˵ˣʱΪԼһΣ
Ӿҵһһþһʬ⣬Ψһ⣬ĸΨһαǴ󽫾磬ûΪԼһ졣
һӣΪԼΨһĿģҲ֧ȥĶǾǸɻûҡ
ʱΪԼһΣ
ͷֻǽڷסԼ֣뵽ԼЩûʱĸ꣬ⲢԼһʱ
أض˶Լָȥסֻ޳֡
ϲؿһ£ԼָѣҪһѽ
ԺȻֳԼһڱĮУڴڱͼѹ°ٰ龰߻ݵЦǰζª壬Լ²屻ͼеĳԼЩ˺εءƺҪ˺ѵĿ⡣
Ȼ˦֣δˣԺޱ벻Ҫ˽Խ޵ô뱾֪ڱֻͬˡ
Ƭ̵ůգۼһĻɢǰһǽκ˶Խȥ
ЦҲ㣬ҾһָСЩޣֵ˼ԶͼҶ֮أ
˵꣬תȥȻԾݶʩչṦʹȥ˽Խġ
Ұɫֻĵ¶ȣһȴ䵽˼㡣
̴ͿδѾ뿪ˣŽʮ:ū澱˵ģҪã
΢΢˫:ȥ
̴һ˳ȥ޵ţΪδǰʮֿĲǣô˱䣿
߹̴ɫ쳣ɻ:ô˯ˣ
̴ҡҡͷ:֪ôˣƺ鲻̫á
Խˣδ˷ŲˣΪصȥǸġ鷳ûסô黹أ
վ⣬һص磬ŲˣǷǷ:λ㣬ū澸Ͳˣ¿ˣ
»δȻȥ̴һۣ˰ô뿪
ȴ:Ȼûū澱ţū˵ϲԵһ֡
̴üһۣ蹬̴ֻ֪һ֣𵽵ǲ֪ǾԼԱȹ̴ڳеλã
Щƣش޵ڴ
̶Ųǰؿһ̴ʹǶÿ롣
ڹϣһ㶼ո˯֮ˣƲһ۴ȻһЦ:Ǳһ֣˹ñ
߹ȥһһ֣ΪԶҲƽ£Ե֡
ȴס˴֣˫ףЦ˵:Ǿ蹬ԼСĶˡ
˵꣬һһ֣ԥسһڣ޵:δԹ˺óԵһ֣Ǻա
ʮϲǷ:л£ϲպūΪ
Цŵ˵ͷɫؿһ̴ĵġ
̴볤һ𳤴ͨ:ˡ
ƻ˵ЩʲôһֳѾһ룬Ѿɣ뿪
һߣ޵ţҴ߹
Ѿ̴õһ󲿷ֵĵ³ɻǳԽȥٲ֡
ʱһӰԴƮȻ̧ͷȥǺ塣
Ц˵:·ģ΢Ůĵҩ΢Ѿ֪ؽˣȥ޶ġ
û˿ɣֹͣŻ£һ̴ݹˮ԰׵ɫŻЩ
ûߣʵ:¿Ҫ΢ǸŮ
˰:أ±аţлθͳ졣
ˡڳǰװøƵģƽյƤЦȫкҪ΢ֻܷԸ
лθͳ죬Ժ󱾹ٲû鷳㣬ֻǽ֮¾ͲˡͿ˵Ǹǰ࣬ԷϷδ
幰һҾ:΢ˣЩδ˲ڹУ΢ߣҪʲôȥκκ֮ǡ
˵꣬ʱһ㣬ƮȻӴڳȥ
ղڹУ뿪һ죬࿴ơԹѾáشһܣ屻򡰶ϡȣһֱŲ
඼ѫӵܣ˸ǳس֮ӣƽվ˸ǣοعٲ硰ֹܡǵͳ˿أ˵ˣǽˣЩҲ͸¶֡
ǣ㡰Żϣֲô飬뽫شһ١
ΧԼֻ³˸ëδ˶ҪƤĵģ˶һȦмģ
ϲ𲻹ǿ֮ǰߵˣ˳Ϊ˶ĿߵǰǷǷʮ
ֽȻԼ˵:СģĹ̫ӵҪԸղֻô򵥡
վֱˣ:£Ҽҹ˵ǰЩܾûܺúչʮΣ׼ȥýŵʱ䣬ԭ¡
Ȼ˼Զǲ˿Ϣ֮ΧԸոս£ѾԸ                        
лҪ˵СɰĪţȥͺδ˺ͺ(*??*)

 49 

ǳЦ˵:֪, ȥã·, Ժ
:, ū澸ˡ
뿪һЦ, ö˻, ЩH·
ص޵ڣ⴩Ǽ͸ĵɫȹǼȹӾΪһ, 毺õĳе£ɫ֬, òƷˡ
žĳ̾:ˣ
𡣡ЦЦ, ͻȻ͸ȹʱı, ýͳ죬нĺһé®ëͷСӡ
ͻȻԵЩį, ת˲, ߳޵, ֽ»й:סǸ, ֮ǰ뿪ԼӰ벽
»һҾ:ǣ·ġ
΢΢ףһۺŵİһ԰ƣ̴ʹ뿪˾蹬Ͻȥع㹬
Ϸȫ, ʢװ磬ع㹬ſǾúʱˣ̸ĵЦݡ
˽죬߹ַ:ýõſӣǹⲻȥ
ЦЦ˳վֱӣӣ֪ľЩӣ΢΢:֮ǰ˶ԺģԽеҪ
˵ŻѾͷŴһ쾹Щ⣬ԼЩۣĵĶʼduҺ͸
һЦ벻˿̶ôˣҲֻһڵġЬ
ߵſʱһ̴:ΧԻδ໰Ҫ˵Ǿͱˡ
һӦһԹԴ档
һɸŵ̴ʹ:˵Ļû𣿡
˾šһۣãҪú˵˵
̴ͣסŲһ棬û˿顣
ϣֿ˻ʮ֡Ѻáǣֽع㹬Ѿ׼˷ḻľƲˣӹĺ㡣
һŵѥӣֻҪҪǸˡ
ף׼Ķɻϲ
һһġ㡱еһθȴ˿ԣЦӯӯԱߡ
쳢ˣĸС֮Уζβġ˵䣬ɫʮָ߰Ҳǽˣ˱ҿ᲻á
֮УֻлʺԼСǲġ
һЦ:յпڸˡ
ţȴסˣֻյ˵:ƱԣڹУҪСġ
ֽнԲС̫࣬ǶǰľƲˣȷ±ˣЦ˵:ˡ
õǿǵȫһڲˣͷ˵ʮֿɿڣлһ⡣
ദ̫˽Լáã벻ôȫԼժɾ˼Զ⡣
˹ǣͺúó԰ɣһͣÿһ٣㶼ζͬʳʡ
ǰһҩ˴ǸҩһʱʱҲòˡ
Ȼſӵֳ֣Լͷ룬ʱιȥ
Цҡҡļ:㣬ôˣ
Щʡ֧Լҡҡ׹壬Ҫվȣȥˡ
뿪һץסѾһŵ߽СŮ:ȻʣЪŰɡ
˵꣬ӦһѽŮ:ȥ
Ů뱧أѾԵһ׼õķڣڴϢȻ㿪ʼ·
ڹŮ־ͿҪȹʱȻۣһ˫ȣһץסŮ֡
Ůһδ󺰣֪Ѿҩ˿ֻΣŵҪ˦֡
ЪϢһ㾹ҳűע⣬Ҫȡ塣ץסŮֽˤڵϣһ죬Ǻôĵӣ
ǹŮһˣβŷӦԼǱˣҪ˵ڶϳǶʱȴͻȻ˵һ֡
ʱ˼Զ߹ûſڿӦĹŮ˼Զ˸ۣûֱӽȥȽȥ
һۣһжԼﻮõģȻ˲ҽȥûá
һЦԼĻ֣һŶ룬һ۾Ϳ߹ڵصĹŮͿõֱԭء
ı鲻Ծ˼Զ;Σתߣû￴һۡ
΢ĽŲԽԽԶ˼ԶСˣؼʱ̽Լ¾ˣ˿֮塣
ҲǣһԼͬĸöФ˿ԣ
ˡЦúõϢ㹬˾Ȼ죬͵Ķ㵹˵˵η
𾪵߽һǸڵСŮ˵һ½СŮǲأˣ
ŶüЦʣþãֲʲôǲأʲô͵
һ֮ǰ̫ˣȻûĳѲǸƭ۸һԵŮˡ
ﻰǿ˳ǣЦøΣòǾãһСŮ˵ˣȻ˵Իط
㵹˵˵طģ˿ûзŹǸŮ˼
ıЩסʹԼȫάסЦݣ͵Ķ˫ǲҪˡ
СŮ𾪵صɴ˫ۣ˼ؿĹ֮ǰֻһɨĵͽ׹ŮǰͻȻĹΪźĶȹŮ
˷ܼˣĹȻʶôĹȥҲһüͷ
ţĹҪ£εĳ·ȫϴɾ̫ӵ£𾪵Ա
Ĺ³֮󣬾Ϊع㹬ĴŮԺ¹Ůһᣬˣû뵽ûɣץ˸Уڲ
ʱΪ̴̫ʹʯ˽ϵƼö˶˵ġ
ɫƳһݶϰǿһƬ֪棬һĹҴڹ͵ߣΪ󲻾ҪԼ̵ġ
һ۴޲ܽ˺ѣתЦö飬ͷһ·
СŮӾҵزţ˫ϥأסģû뵽Լһʱ̰ȻСȥˡ
ǵΪѵؿڣϧؿһǸСŮ·ֲᣬҲǲԣϾֻǸСá
¡ߵߣתͷСŮʱǼɫģ±ΪǵһʹԼȨǴ˴ξô׷ŹԺ֮У
ζƳһһСѾͷѣܵ쵽˵زǱأ
Ȼܣѵع㹬֮У˸ָʹ£
лҪ˵:տǳһڶ˼Զãҵţ

 50 

Ͷһһ, ǸһŽƵСŮǰһ, ԼĹϳ, һ
СŮͷ絷⣬˵, Ĺ
һ, ͱָʹߵĴ̫཭ס죬˵һˡ
ˣѾͷͷ, ǽõĹϵ˵㡭ζؿһ, ֱЦݽ, Ž˵, ȻˣÿŰɡ
˵û, ͵Ķ, ҵĹϵؿСŮ, ·֮, ӣϳȥȱУ
СŮԣƴӽѣȴģĿ, ˵ƣῴôġ
ϣͺûƵģ˵Լȹ·ʲôණƵģû˿顣
СŮ֪ԼѾû̱ڵأɽӽȥ
ߵ˿Ҫ⣬´αٳˡŴ֣ҲˣͻȥϢھ蹬磬ÿɱѽ
˵̴꣬ȳȥˣ´һˣǷǷ˵ūڴͣƬ̣СŮ꣬ū澺ûȥ¸
ս˫ȭָڷĵһһٵ˵
̴˽죬ݸһЦǴģū澿Ĺɫʵˡ
ֻǸʼԺ󣬱Ի֪ʲôǳȨ
ū澾ãԴΪƺͱˡ̴ڽߣѹ˵ʱǳԿū澲֪Ϊᡣ
̴ñĸı䣬Ǻãǻűһþõ̴¶Щο֮ɫ
һԱԼߵˡ
ȻǺãū澲֪࿪ء̴˵ūʲô˵ҲԺͬˣū澶Ϊ
ſ볤Ĭϣ̴֪жĽֻûдƣ岻סˣԺҪѧǡ
ģԺеǻᡣЦףҲ衣
Ͷ˵ţѾ˾蹬ǰ˽죬ʱ;ЩԣĪֱϢ
̴ƺҲԣڳǰڳʱ̳˵ļƣȻ󿴵˷һţȥɫصδˡ
̴δ˵ɫֿԼҹ类Ƶһʶظ˳ȥ
˭Ҳûп˵һ仰Ĭ˺ܾãЦվߵǰôԼգ
ô֪ʲôȥˣʣôȥ
뿪蹬֮󣬱㿴ĹߵĴŮ߶ۻû뵽ѾˣֻܸšƺֻǰŻʮֶ໰Ϊ˱𣬰Լڸô
Ŀ⣬˿ߣ˿˿ƵزȴҿֻСΧܡ
Ŀն⴩Ǽȹϣصһĸǽȹĵ˫ҲƲ۾
ȹӣ
ǵ˵Ժûб㡭Լû˿ټϽԼʹȹӣֱشٽ
Ǵ޵ˣһ˫ӷ·Ҫһ㣬ûΥ˼
㡭̧ͷ˰ΣջĺĿа
ˣһʱóɣû뵽֣ⷢжǳãɫ΢΢죬ˡ
еķ֣⿪ģŷŵľס֣֪Ų¹ȥվѾȥںδ㣬µһˣΪ˵ӣһһУΪһǡ
˵ôһ仰簵³һģ˵ˣҲûôѡ
һ𣬶˽Լֳôضã֮ǰЩԺеƬƺͻȻ֮ɢˣԺСֻʣǰüĿ续ꡣ
ƺס˺ֻнëһһģȻ֣Ľëںڣʱһ㾫µһӰӡ
磬ûƽɷе·У˱ͶÿЩɰ
ȻЦס֣Ȼż⣬յձߣӡһǣ̶˦֣ȥˡ
Ĵ·ϵ˻ǣǿԭ֮ƣ˲ͽδͳ£ﱻһѵˮƵըһŽһľ׮һͣˣð춼ûع
ԼĪһӣգգ˫ۣһ½ʯ֫ãȻĹˣﻹǾ蹬ʱŷӦղⲻΡ
ˣ
һմѪֵ̧֣ʱؼղסƸڷ׹ĵطĿͣߵ⡣
ĺæߵˣ͵͵ģɲ˷֡
·һҲû˵ĻӦĥŴ˶Ĵôأ
ѾԼ͵ģôŰĿͣȽŲЭ뿪˾蹬
̴͸ոջĴƬ̣û׹ôˡ
أڰŵĺһ:ʲôأȥʲô¡
巴Ӧæȥƴ飬ֻڳܵĴ̼СһʱȷԼҪҪȥֻܲԶظţʾܵĽ߹·ȫסˡ
ʵ㲻أϵģڹп磬ҲֻǷ˻ϵʲô£û˻ǰȥʣ˵ȥ
¶ǾԵģֻСӦԣĬĬظڴ
ҹλһڻʳܵ·ϺĿĵתһȦڴתڶȦʱ˴ӻࡣ
ձֵЩ࣬ȥЪϢһٵֵδصͿԼҴɵ߹
ɻʣˣôˣµϵһר۵Ĵ͸ơ
һüģǴ˴˵ùͷѵҪתƴ˵עһؿڣˣʲô¶ס
ȻЦˣԼİĵ˵ҸˣΧŻʳȦ
壺
ЦˣͷƤ飬ͷըϸߣ˵ĻһѰĳ嶯
༤ƴͷððˣд⣬ЩӴڻߣһĹ򶼿ˣø
尵룺ڡ
ôԸ⣬ؿڶˣǲˣֻһһᣬŴ
˷ܲѣһܻһʣˣʲôôģ
вԣˡ
壺
лҪ˵Żʳ:ˣϱˣ
:˲ҲܣҲܣϱʲô޿

 51 

ǧίһӿ, һƨû뵽˵ȷ˴̼, ȴǱɵˡ
ʲôǸͷһ߸, Ƕֵˣѹ, ϲ, ϲˡ
ίаǿһѪ·ԼղµġѪᡱߵδǰϲӮõµģԺصֶ, Ҹ
ͷǣҸ
, һ, ҶҸ, Ҳһί
һվڴʹĳǽϿһ, ͻᷢɵΧŻʳȦ, ǰ˲֪ƣ, һҸ, һ˷ܡ
ںһˣһ޿
峿蹬
ˣţָɫСʩʣַԸԼǼɫĳȹϴɾ, ú÷򲻿Ū
̴ʹĵһϣ³鲻ãȴ鲻ãֱ̫ˣһֱС
̴ĸҧ䣺޽㣬˵δ׷ʲôˣ
һϳأ˿ȻҲʮֺ棬ȴԾҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳǵ£ֻԼá
̴֪أҲһʱ棬Ͼʮˣδ˿Ĺ
Ȼӿģ̴ʹҲʮָˣ°빦蹬һն˻ЦոǢ
͵͵ع㹬Ҳģλӣ˸𣬶ΧԳһҩƬӲ첲ϻһ˺ۻδ
Щ˵ģδʲô֦ͷˣֻܸһõӣٴЩӣù
鱾йһϴ¹ŮΧԳʱΪĹߵȫͱʱָɵĹߣֻ²ֻǡʱ
ϴγߵĴظ˵˼仰Ȼû飬ȴ״˼
Ҳ˺ܾãϾǱѾǱˡҡĴԺҲ˸
ֱߵ蹬ʱǾģĻЦȾǲʹƵ˽ȥ
̴ڽԼһгС飬óÿ˻һµǧ»Сںơ
صһ»㣬˵ϸŵ㣬һ¿ţСԴ
»ȴҲһһµǧЦŶԴ˵ū⹦򣬽ľǣһëūʡ
Цһ˿ĵ飬벻ЦУˣҪٸЩ
ҪֹȻѾ߽õ飬һ»߹ȥǰԶ
۾ǧ·ûע⵽ĵЦŶ»˵:»ģٸһ㣬µġ
»һЦ:ūſɲˣ޽̴ǵðūŵƤɡ޽أ
˳ۣſüĿ飬»ͣ£:˭
˫ϥ:صµĻūĹߵĶȹŮ顣
Ŷ΢΢ףߵˣʲô
³ᣬæҡͷڵ:ū֪ĹҪ£ūΧѱɵĹߣδκζԵ²֮£ҲδȡĹΣ֮²δõκϢ𷣡
˵ʲôüĪһӲ֮УߵˣǺú÷ǣܵ˵ЩһҲ
Ϊϴδع㹬£ʲôʱĹźģ޵˵ģϢ͸蹬֪һЩѵӦ
Ϊγ¿Ʋ˼ѵǴԼ˼̧ͷһ۴ޱֱǰûпŷӦֻǴԼ˼³֪֡
¹:ūй־ʱ˵¶ūǸãĶ֤ʵһ㣬ū澲ţ뵽ź򣬼ɨŮҲ֮ã֮ǰūԸĹߣΪ̽Ϣ
ĹҪʲô̽ʲôϢ̫αƭľòССģһذɣʱ㡣
ǲóеľ裬վһҾ·ģūûҲʲôû˵
˵꣬ĬĬת蹬ŷˡ
»ѹʣ£Ҫūȥ𣿡
ءҧһ̴ݹһ֣ѾͷǸģպҿ
»һֱСģû£˿̼µ鲻̽ʣ£Ǵڲ񷿹أ´ôã
еһ±˪⾪蹬ūǺúƣѱʲô³
»Ӧһɿȥѱ廨ڲ񷿹һҹĴ
»Źڳ£ֱֵ֣ʮֲ⣬ƴţҪʲô
̧̧֣»ǰȡŵĶһ˲ڵǺؿ
һƽϢ˵ҪΪūūպö˶˵ظһ֣ȴĪ˶ڲһ
˹εСģδ͸¶Ϣֻ´֪ҩʲôġ
»һֽ£ѳҩūȥҽƹҩ»ãҩһʱ˱þ֮Уǳڷã˳ɵ
۾ԲĹɵ蹬ûҲһֱΪĹ̽ϢǸĵͽ׹ŮﲻʲôæĹ˶ѵΡ
ΪˣϧգԽֱӵǰ¶˼û뵽ˣ˶ȹŮ
֮ǰĹҩʱֻ˵ǶԳ²˿ֻ뿴һκ˶֣ᷢ۵
ȻˣĲԣó
ƺ֪ʲôޱ˵㲻ɻԼһ𣬱֪˭ˣ֮ǰϷˡ
һƨ̱ڵأû뵽ΪȴһʼȦס
㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ»ͷÿ֮˵Ŀ⿴˵úãҲһʹ졣
ЦǰֹԼĸСĵܵܣڲ룬ԼǹϺӣܲΪĹؽݺ
ˣ֪Բ𳤹ûҲڻȥˣ㳤ŹĹҲɱڣԼ˸ɾԼļˡ
ЦЦţȻŴŵص䣺¿֪˼ҵж࣬ʧȥ˸ĸĺжࣿĹ߸ϵˣԶᶮ
˵꣬ݺݵҧԼʹԼȫ浹˵ϡ
ĸܵܣԲ𡭡Ҳػˡ


 52 

û뵽һССŮ, Щ⧲ãȻؿŴʬ, һ仰, ڹж֪꣬Ǻ
̾˿ū֪, ˴, ҲǸˣС㸸ĸ˫, ĸֲಡ齶꣬Ϊ˸ĸ׬, ŻΪū, ˹, ˣи׵ĵܵܡ
˵Щʱ, ȷҪʲô, ƶ, ¾ǣļ, Ͼɱġ
ˣճһˡ˰֣»ʬȥĸ͵ܵһЩӣǱһЩ
Ȼƶ²նݳ, ȴҲû뵽¾ʴȣӯع£˵ū𣬶л´
̾ϢҲǸˡ
䣬ͿӰƮԺһҾ£δ΢
ȥԼеˮվнӹһŽߣСɾµĺӣתʸ
ӹһۣһСĴָСӣӨ͸ϸһƣŵģǿĺ춹
Ķǳ鴤ţ룬պ·һŮӻĵѧ˲١
̴ʹһۣδΪζֵֹģѾѽ
µ滹һСֽһƣдһС֣ȻѾŨŨ˼֮ɴм
Ӱ춹˼֪֪
ɫ˺죺Ǵˣյˡϲ汾лл⡣
һ֣ǣ΢
ź뿪еӵݸ֪Ůã汾һӡ
ӦСؽӽӹֽشóɫ˿ߣ֯һʮ־µӣӴ
ӹڲ䣬ӽĿڵλãԽԽһ㡣
ū澹ϲδˡǷǷϲ˵δصƿˡ
δ˴Ǽõģū澶һһū澡̴˵ţЩʣū湫ġ
ɵѾͷ㻹ʲô̴֣Щ꣬ԼҲߵˣͨˣԺ󶨻úõĺһ𡣡
ֻҪһģľһۣΪʱԼһȴᵽ統ʱľԽ
ȻѾȷԼ⣬ͻᶨغȥδʲôһֻҪ̫ġ
ָоǡ̵ģƳһ㡣
ǣū澿ģūػҸ̴һ˫ġ
»һۣҲһū澣ūţػµҸ
οؿǰŵˣɣ֪ģҸԼΰסָߡ
һ𻶻ϲϲվ̴õ˵Ȼδ˹ҪҪԱ⣿
һˣδ͹κ˶Ȼ绥⣬Ǹ͸ǡ
뵽ĸ֣ؿڴŵӣһЦҪָɰ
գһк춹ĺɰȴûúתֻú磬Ҫ
˵
˵Ļǲʳԣ͵͵ֱȥ˾蹬޵ڡ
ԼһǸǣߵͨ죬һǱ˿Ǻã
ʮؿ磬ȴԽʼ㲻һֱԽˡ
绺߹˴ԼЩ΢֣뽫ӵ뻳Уֻס֡
һָֻЦʣʲô
ݽҧ´üĿӸΣǽĶó͸ģ͵Ҷ֮񡣡
ɰһ˲䣬Ȼúˣϲؽӹɰҿ·ôҲ
þòκηӦ̧ͷȴһϹžӨһᡣ
һɰŮʱʮͨȻ磬ˣ
磬㡭ΪǵᣬĵԱ
룬ǰҲ֮ˡ
˫Ϊĺɰ֮طԼУȥԺš
֪У࿪ġ΢΢˵Щᣬһǡ
̧֣Ĵϣ˵Ļ
˳ָ⣬ķؿڣ˫˻طһ̾Ϣ
ڣԽӵ뻳ˡ
ʵϣģȴֹסϲ֮۽üҡ
ͷһοӣСɵĴҲ޷ԼķҪһͷĴһ̣Լ޹ĵ˲һƬհס
ʶҪ㣬ȴߵ˫ӣһ΢΢˫ۣıǽһ˲
Ϊ˼ĸܣǱֻǴǳֹĴֱܵŷָ޷԰Ρ
˲䣬Ѿ٣˼ڴ˿̵ͷţշת˱ĴݲƲݣ·ҪԼ
֪˶ãЩŷſ΢΢һЦһͬʱļ
죬ڿԺúһ
磬ҺܻϲıųЦݡ
û˵ȴٶӶĴжϲؿҪˡ
Ӿ蹬뿪ʱѾңֽŷŵϣ˯뿪ġ
ֻһ뿪˫ۣΪԼ֣ղЩ뱧뿪ˡ
ʳָḧԼ׵Щ΢΢׵ĴһᵽԭŮֻͨƽױҲãõ˵ıһš
ƺЩģֻϢ˰ĵϢ˯֮С
һΣֻۡ
ϲؿҪ˵ûлԼסֱܵ·Ѿ˯ŵ·֮һͨ
·֮Ǳϵ˻ûȫãҹεĻ쵰һ١
ǰ˳ˣҪЩûϱ˻𣿡·̲֮סҧгݵض磬Ӷ仨
أԳԼĻУûԹƵ·֮˵ʲôϹɵģǷЦݡ
·֮
ϲ֪ûҩģܻܲصǰǰֻԼҸ˿ֵ˸۶壿
һ˷ܵץס·֮µ죬˼:·֮˵ܻϲǲǴϲˣ
·֮С㱻ɢˣ໡һɤӺ:磡˰ɣ
һҹ˯˸þֻԭε·ӣͷ֮˻һҹû˯ãڶ춥Ȧ˻ϷΪµʥּ


 53 

·ּͨĹһ, ˡҷ㽫·֮һ١
, ǻϷĹ, Ҫ򣬴򡭡·֮ƲƲ, , Ҳܴѽοɸûаϵ
, 㳤ˣΪܲˣ·ָͨŵĶӴ, ΪϷ֪Ǹߵý, ֻڻǰ˵
ֵܲ·֮ؼʱֵ̳ܾ, ǲ˵ҾͲ֪, ûϵ
, ϵбȥ, ܼʲô£
ֵܣ·ͨͨ, ȦûôĶӣ
·֮
֪ͳǺˣֿȣ˶ͽ֮ˣΪֵܣ·ͨԼĶмＸǺܵģͨ, Ϸʲôλ׽
·֮Ӻף˵ϵˣʲôҪĶ
ȥ磬ݲ£Ϸȣڼţ·ͨ±ӣһͲƵðˡ
·֮üģԼȻǵ͹ϵĹִ϶ʥּˣǲϾͷǺã
ϵùٷȥϳ·֮͵͵ңȥ磬ɣǼ˫ƫƫԼϵû˿취ʱֻ취ˡ
˵ڱѧϰʵϺղ󳼲࣬ǴŻϵʥּģɽΪϱƽ붼벻лˡ
·֮ʱ˶֪δ˽ǳȻ˸һžͿүƵڱУԭǱλϡ
Ȫһ裬ͷ:δ˽ǰɻҪЩʲô
ɻޱؽһ̵ķֱߣһ仰Ҳ˵米ֱվһԡ
·֮룬ñλƷɴˣȻѾĻǸү
ˣ·֮ҲδԵѾ˵:Ǳ£·֮·ˡ
ֻǴƷɴ˹ٽ׵ͣ·֮׸˶ӣԽܣͷȻСһۣ׷ߵ·֮ߡ
Ȫ˹:·ˣӭʲô⣬ֱҡ
·֮ܵ˼ľţƹߵߣһļ:㵹ˬСүһϣڻȫۡ
·֮ıǣԼҡһΣεȫɢһۣλɴ˱ζĿ⣬ʱЩԼⷬ˼
:
ֱʱʱ̶̿ι
·֮һҪͣһĵһߣ˵ʲô
λɴæ࿴һۣѹ˶ϴСˣ˶ûУһ½͵ת˳£·һپܾĹĺ⡣
ͨ꣬Ȫõ˵:λ˷ģ¹ʲôûҲû
һ֣ʱһ֣أԶرʾԼԴؿƿ˵
:
·֮:
ˣ⻹ܽ͵
·֮͵һһĸƵģʵĥźҪͱ磬ֱҪЦˡ
磬Ҳн죡
·֮ɱ磬ߵĴſڣȻһ˦ǽϣЦ
磬СүҾϲⲻϲָɲҵӡ·֮ЦÿҪܺӴ¶㹻СүЦһˡ
·֮ߡҧźм֣Щ³ȥһƲסԼһ㡣
·֮Ų߳ŭЦûûΣǵÿǽǲܱԼЦصڵء
δͳ죬ۡ·֮һ˺ܴűסЦԭ˵£ɿҪɱ˵ٶƹȣңԶ㡭
ѵÿδͳԱӣֱǧһأЦԲԼ
Ȼǹһ䣬Ӻ͵Ϯһ·֮ƨϣһֱΪذ˸ܽӴ
·֮һ࣬ʹڵϣָ:㡭֮Σ۸СɥĲ񣡡
˫ֱۣӸµؿ:·ӣСһ
λ·֮ҧźˣ·ϵĳҵķ˿:δͳ챾ͨ죬Ҳ㲻ҵԸҵȣһӣҲҵ¡
ü·ͨǳѵֱԲسʱ˵޹˼ɵϵҲֵزΪƫƫ¶Ǿ֮£
ѵΪ·ҵһ磿
ôûˣ·֮ʧ֮ɫһţ˰ɣҵֻ̣»Ҳûӡ
Ҹ̸̸·֮ļ磬ģȻ˵£ض
·֮˵ͷĿ뿪ܰȻдλɴ˵˽
:˵ʲôΪʲô·Ц
Ȫĳ:ֻ·˸ˣ֪ǵ£ȫƽϣƽĶԴǡ
۽Ž:ΪʲôδҪ·һţ
Ȫ˼Ƭ̣ü·ֱ֮ıӰ:Ϊδ˱ȽϺߣ
βˣнһǸļĶ:δҲף껹Ҫοһ·ˡ
Ȫһ:֪֪֪֪й¶ȥ䡣
ΪܽһԼؿڣصص˵ͷ
·֮:
Цǲе̫ˣ
ϸ֮ڣޣҪȽȴڹſ·ͨ
һ飬Ϊһֱ·ͨмӣ˹֣·ϡ
·ͨĿбӵغһңδ˿ǻǰĺˣϷܲһ񡣡
ΪṆ̀󳼶·ͨԶ֮Ҳмȥκδ󳼽ύġ
繴һЦУڳоص˲࣬·һηԴϹᣬֻ벻ףΪƫƫ·֮մ;Ȩ֮£
лδƵϷⱾϷı֣֮СֺΪ֮ܣֻµδΡ·ͨ˿̵ɫһ䡣
΢΢ףҾ֪·Ϊ·֮
Ϸδ롣·ͨȻĻ·ܻ֮δá
·ϡס·ͨȥ·ʮ˵ţһµģЩֵĴ󳼣ȥһ飬Ƿ޹
û뵽˸ͷΣ·ͨһ㶣֪Ҫʲô۶ӡ
֮ң־ȤͶŹĽ顣ɫأһδչʾһ棬ǰΪһЩԭ˵ڻǵĽͷ֮ҡ
·ͨٶסˣڴ£һֱ֪СӾôһδϽŪ֮ˣȻʱǶֻδİСӡ
˵֪ͼ֮ˣ֮ȥҲΪԲԸ


 54 

˿̵ıʮֳ, һڸԼĺıδѵãһֱĳ, ܲʸ˭ıҲվ, ·֮أһաԴңҲʱʱ̻̿
Ѿ̫, Ǹ˾ܿ, ҰĲ֮ݣΪڸ׸, ·ͨԪϣ˭Ҳѡ, ˭λҽ
·֮Ͳһ, ·֮ͨ, ѱ»ʲὫ³ɺһԵ·֮·ϡ
·֮йְ, »ҪɱҸ, ·ֻ֮һ, һֻһף
绰˵úֱ, ·ͨɵ˳˼ɫԵñȷŲ԰˼֣Σƿ糯鷿ȥ
֪ԼĻ·ͨһã㲻ٸȥƵȥ԰, ժ˼ʱʢĻ䣬ȥ鷿ȥ
ԶУߵǾ裬·ͨһ鷿ֻ»һ⹴ᣬ۾ϵĴϷ
鷿磬ȴһ·ͨЩʣ޲δ٣·Ϊ£
·ͨЩѵŲԼ΢ֵߵǰ˫ϥأϳյȮӱΪµʥּǻ֣̿ȮֻóԺ֣ϳ˵ĺ񰮡
Цˣʾߵ޴Ͻ·Ϸ·ˣΧԳƼǺӵǻĺܣҲʮϲиڼң˸ְλô͵𣿡
·̵ͨ˲ϵĺ飺ϳлϺ񰮣ֻȮӡ
ִĻѾ䲻ضԣǰ俹ּ޿Ҫ·ʡ
·ͨҲԪˣλ᲻׻ϵ˼ϲɣϲ˶ƿԼУԼһپֻܾ»ϸûˡ
ĬƬ̣·ͨεٶ˫ϥأϳȮӶл϶¡
ͶͷҪ׿ڸ˵ҡͷ̾Ϣձ֮ǺΡ
·ͨߵףǣϳּ
꣬·ͨվ鷿ȥȴ롰ոաֻĿбӵض˵ͷȫû˷顣
·ͨи̾꣬ձضҳҴѡ֮ˡ
ȻµַܾӦýЩ̲һϱϣɻ϶ǣֲòϣЩԸַŪĳУһ޹ġ
ˣ·ͨĸоǸӵģֻԸ粻Ϊһ֮ߴ·
ǹģ·ͨ뿪˻ʹ
罫ԼԱλСԱıֺһһдϣʸϡ
쿴ӣεϣҪĲЩЩԱۣǵ˭ʤαһְ
˼Ƭ̣չƣһְҪλɴѡһȪӻʮ°빦ɻ۴ϳɳأһһۣҪǣ˶ԻĹʵǲ֪˭ʤһ϶ᡣ
ָЦ˵ѽѽκʱһӣ˭Ҳ
ʮ֡̿֡صϥأ˵Ķʵλʶۻ˭֮λѡˣ顣
ɣ֪ġļ磬޼ǵãϴε᰸ȪдģдĲɣ޴ȥһʥּ
޴ԣæСȥ׼ˡ
ת磬´һҲϴСˣĹֻҪ˵ޱػΪͻ顣
ĿǰδĸǡʼյͷںڵĽëסǳӣҲסеļҹضϴͻ顣
Цŵ˵ͷ쾪˵ȻûģޱΪѡһ
ʵ۵Ļüͷһ壬׼ۻʵ˵˭зöԷ֪Ѷˡ
ƼԼ仰óޱü˵СӾȻҲµʱ򣬼ȻԸѾ֮ˣ޵ҪԷ˭
Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģٽ:ϴΧٸҵСŮƺ⣬Σ
֭ҲûٸҵŮĸô⣿
ζûȻֻʵش:ʶٸ˼ҵŮնǰļһԳ⣿ˡ
᣿첻õس˼ҹ⣬޴֮ͻˡ
絥ϥأҪϲҪͻ飬ԺͻȻһ뷨˿鷿ֻʵۣʵʱ˵⻰ֻ²ǵ棬̽
һֻԸڻϣڳɼ֮£δҲظͦΣһҪսɱУҲԸΪҴ룬Ϊ˻ϣʬ˲Ը˱˼ҵĺù
˻Ŀкжɼҵģ
һӻʵ۵ĻУһ˼ʵ޼ɵԼеľȨԳɱᡣ
ͬˣһӸλ֮ˣΪĵرһȨ̫ȴֲܿƣû˿֮ˡ
Ǹչˡ
صؿһͷˡ
Ƥδ̧һеĲˮ֮У
ֹ·ʮݣ֮֮ǰ˵ȫΪϲһϲ֮ˣⱲӲ֪ûǸݵõԸȢ
Ŀ̻ࣺ޾֪СһģΨϣһپܾԭˣ㵹˵˵˭Ϊ㶼˵ǲϲ֮ˣ
гУŮģͣǵ˻ϵĳ谮һ˸żȮˡ
αδӣҪѺѺˣǽԴϲѺˡֻһ嶼Ҫ»ʵˣսϴ󣬲֮ѡ
ٴξǻʵ۵ĳ購Уŵģ绹˭ô粻˵ڵأ
ѵǡΧһ죬罫Լеʹ͵ݸʱ飬Խпܡ
죺ô㾹ҵλ
ҡֻ˵⼸֣ʼյͷٿڡ
Իʵ˽⣬ȻŮʮ۰ֻʱǵһʱѡŮԻʵ˵Ůʱ׳ȥӡ
öӡôøãȫڵʱġ
ĬƬ̣ȻûзܴƢֻ̾˿ˣԺ˶ģ˻õģֻǡκ㶼ʸȥġ
ʳԼҪĴ𰸣ȴ־𰸲ԼҪģìܵ飬˰֣ʾԳȥˡ
뿪鷿͹սһС·̽С·ƽˣֻҪأͿ˳·κ˷ֱֵͨ蹬š
յĻ̴˸ƿͿӺŷ߹ЦЦȥӭӡ
蹬֮ǰĴ𣬺ͻʺˣ˾ͱҸڴˣͰһ㣬κ¶͸¶Ϣȥ
лҪ˵߾ˣҪѧڿΣϸҵ(is^ti)æµҪǸҵǧţⳡɣ人ͣйͣޣ~

 55 

һ߹ȥ, 쿪ʵ˫ۣЦ绨, ӵ뻳, ·ӵסء
˺һ˲طſ, , ໥˵
ļϣʼţпļ, Ҳв˿̣뽫ʱ䶨һ, ûǰĳ, ҲûнС
ḧķ˿, ˵ջǷˡ
δ˵꣬Ȼֱ, ʣ, ôشģ
šôż, ͷȥ, ܿɵض˶ȻΧԳô˵ġ
ŶЩʧصͷȻףǽǶ˵Ĺϵ߻ʵ۵ʱȴȻЩ
ŵͷҧŴδ˿ɰ, һЦô˵ҲδţҸ߻ϣϲһұϲ֮ˡ
Ȼ̧ͷģ·𷽲ŵĲӲڣʲ³˭𣿡
Ϻεܵ˼½뻳У°͵ĶͷϣѾ³ˡ
ô죬ʷԣԺǿɾͲʱˡЩǳüͷ
Դ˼⼸ն˯úܺãҲûκйһجΣĻϲֻźʱٶһЩ
һıǼ⣬һЦԭʱҼ档
ԣߵɫһ죬תͷȥȴĿǺ貣񣬻εЩۡ
ǣܱﰮһַʽ봽ݵĥľ/·Ϊһ壬˼˼ϣǢ
һֱңԼһȭֱ¶ǰף˳·Ϣˡ
վ¿һһԶȥֱӰȫûҹɫУɲƶ֣Ҳ֮ȥ
춼ˣǻȥúЪŰɡ̴һڳļϣȻģ󣬹Ҫϸ
޷ĻСʱಡ鲻òûйϵûĻϲȻõ״̬
̴ݸһЦ˵ǣū澲֪мδˣԴӹδһЦݶ˺ܶ࣬ҲûгԹҩ
Ҫ֪ǰʱС㣬ȫȫǸӣÿձغһѿҩһ͵غȣ磬һָͷܽ
ЦЦع£Ѿ֪˵ôû֣
»дˣƺǱ߾ͻϢż̴޵ȥ
ҹζ࣬һʺҲˣȳֿɾûʲôˡüͷ΢壬ǣ˼Զϡ
ģ޽֣Ϣʵʺﲻֵᷢô磬ٲж֮ǰ̴֡ƶ˵Ǿ͵ſ
˵ͷȥһŴ齲ŷԼƣ̱硣
һһֱ˯磬žˣԼַһʵˮģ滹һСֽ
ֶ罣һƾԼдġ˯̫ҺܱǸԺ󲻻ˡ
ҧһ֭ѣ룬Ǹɵӡ
Ҵҵ߽£ǱߴϢչ﹬Ҫ磬빬жλǰȥ磬㡣
һ߳һʣʽտзӣ
֪ҪʲôȻǽ鶼
һЦǾ͸ߺ壬δ뷨ӣʱʴС
ȻҪϷ͵ⳡϷʵˣһûк
ǣūˡʱһҴҵˡ
̴̳ţŽõĳȥ԰ʳֱʱֲŻص蹬
»£ǱѾ׼ˣСѾȥˡ
ˣ򲻿ɳʲôһ̴ݹľȥԼĺ飬һԸҲܽһѰȻûǣϷô
ǣūθͳ˶ţܲ»˵꣬ת˳ȥ
˵ϯ˵Ϊ½λãźͿ๦ߣΪҪлλá
˵ǡλáȴֻˣʹδҹˣ㡣
˿Ѿϵζȣȴ˸ҶˣΧԳʱ˵ͷ˺ôƢ֪Ҫʲô۶ӡ
ԼǰľƱ޶ԵλáһЦλãһǽҲ˵˵׽׽ǶлźϣϣպΪʼҿ֦ɢҶ
⻰ЩԽ֮ӣǽڻʺĹһֱŰ裬˶ǸŭԣҲ˾кβס
˾Ʊһ檶л
ֻ˶žƱ΢΢öȥ֮ǰֹµҩɿϵĲȣθһڡ
֪Ƿ⣬ϵĲȫǼѼ⣬ģžͲ
ԼеľƣԼһںȥԵֹµҩǰˣλδµСѾͷܻƳߵġ
վǸ˵ˡ⼸Щʣҽơ
ԣʮʹذ˰˽ϵľƱ嵭Ĳˮ
˳һм£űӼһڲ˳ԣĬؿ˵
ؿһˣԴΧ֮УϳҶΣӣж
ЩɬصͷĪҪóȡЦ
͵Լ˵˸ЦЦЦֿˣҲļռ㣬ԻΪһޣһʴȣϲ使۵Ļήġ
˺γûԴعͻʺﲻ֪ﰵ˶ٴΣʺΪһλᣬɲ֪ΪΣۣû
ôȥģôˣΪԼĹʹ˺üգԼĹĥԼƾôĥϵⶼεسţû˿˼
ع֮˸̫ӵ͹һţ˴ӹ̥ҩۣȴûһγɹģ̫ӵҲ֪ûյŻû
ʮִضƱһ˵ûһòͣγòϵĳңʱδˣҷſģվ뷨ûϷӡ
˾̫εʧʧĻţЦŶ豭һڣ檶л
лǶǽá۽Ǵâһš
ز׽ϸ΢ɵ͵͵һˣⳡΪ˭裬ѾǺ֮ˡ
Ʊ˶һҲٶ˵һԹγֻڱҪʱ˵һ䣬һس裬ϡࡣ
ϯԵÿνǳ족ûϵǵ˵Ļ

 56 

ԴΧԳ, æãδ̤, ڴ̫޴һٵȰ֮, žǰ£ȥ
߽Ĺ, 漸Ц, ߽˲ƼǸˣ͡
Ƽǻˣæױӭ檹ӭϡ
λҲһͬ, ׼˻ϣĵسŻգգۡ
ȴӶ, ߹ȥס, Խ, ȻһͬλϣŸ
ձѾȥ³·ϵ, 뷨ӽϴ, ΪѾɹ, û⡣
ʵ³Ӻֱ, ûߵѾ
컷һŵļˣǳ˵ͷ˵ǰӲʣɺЩˣ
лϹģ檲żз纮޴󰭡ʼһس費ǺܵóԵɡ
첻˳һ, ƼҲڣѵºЩСѾͷǸһֳҪĸо
ģȴҲδȫϸ֣ߣסԱ֡
ô˵棬϶ǣߵͨ죬̧ۿʲô顣
ȻؿҲܸܵԻһɱĿ⡣
ϵĿ˴һֻͣص˴˶꺮ůġ
ŻϵĿԼϣȴת˲ţĿģã²ǹ˸ٵ졣
֮£˸ûϵһʲôһһںȥ
һĨײЦת˲ţֻеģ߰Ц
˵ı龡۵ףɫغһԼǰƮŵϸĺ컨Ŀζ
Ƭ֮˾ԼС䴫һʹһȵĸо/вá
˻ŻŵԼȹڣϣ˽㣬ͻȻЩʣȥϢ׼
Ҫ뿪ȴ˵ȻӲʣôˣȥøɵ
ǻȻڴˣҽƣһлڣЩ߲ȵ͵ҽòҲģҲƲ˹ĸϵ
ڵţûϸĲԾͷ˵û˰ȥҽ
쾹һʱһ仰û˵ϣͱŮ˸ˣЩõü
һ仰δ˵ʱ䣬ҽˣٶ֮죬˻ǲǾš
˿ȴһȥ׷ϸڣ˶ӶɸɫҰ·һʱ̶Ϣ֮ˡ
Цҽ쿴ˣƷǳá
һĳȥҡҡ׹ˣȴ߬ﶯãֻա
ҽǰҪȴ촽ϣӶú֢֮ʧ˦֣ó档
Ƴԣһſڵ޴ס
ŹС̫Ӧ룬һһҰסˣ޷ѡ
أôûףԼúõظ磬ôҪСһ˵أ
ϣϣֻӲʣ檻ȥ̫ţš
ۼƼȹգ˼顱ŴŻϲ
Ƴԣ˿̻ɱ֮ҽɱŨһ֣ҽһ£ǰ
Ƭ̣ҽɴ˫Ŀŵֻһֻȥ
ʱ˲֪һҰֱ̫ۣ˿ɢҵسȥȴֱ׽˻
ҽǰٶõĽ뷽һģһǻڣľҪ̻ȥˣֹ͢ţô֪ˣ
ϻ᲻ΪڸǴ˵ȹгţɱڣ
ҽµر˻ǵ֢ڳݲ˵ʣϣǸˣﲻʲôʲô⡭
һӣѻȸﲻ޾ͽԴժ
ҽһ𣬱űľһ˵û·Ѿίڵء
ҽתӣһֹ飬ڵء
˿̣컹ʲô׵ģһ֣еūŶ˳ȥֶ˵Ȼȥ˵ۻ֮£㻹Ǳˡ
˹ɵߵū澷һͷˡ
ſҽ˵
ˣҽð˵仰ϵ亹乶䡣
ž콫ߵһƺߣƬɽ˼޹ҽȴһҶ˶޽ܴȥ磬
Ҫ磬ٶ䵽Ǹĺ˿̾ˣײǽȴδԸ
Ľʿסã۾һգ֪Լңǳˣһʱ֮Ҫþ岻ð
ʿȥ֮һʱ֮һļž˵һ仰
˴ȻԼһִٳɣ˿̻ʢŭ֮£ѱ޹֮˿һʱҲҿڣֻǸⰲڻߣ޲ԼǸԡ
Ż˫ϥأĬĬͷҲ֪Щʲô
Ȼ˺ôһֻ˵𴫳ȥǺ֮˽ɱ⣡
ɴƵ£ǣϷģ檶ڶô⴫
Ҳڵأϣ檽ʲôҲûûֻڹԾЩˡ
ҽ˵һ仰ʼաͶءţ󱳵亹·ʪ͸ˡ
쿴ҲϹŵˣֱ˹鷿ķȥüֱǸͲƵģȻ˸ҶŮˣǵӲС
޴Сظڻ󣬴Ҳ֪֮һǻϲɱΨ֪ģֻҽˣϷŹҽɲŹ
޴ͻȻͣס˲ӣɫ˵粻ϧκֶΣҪ޲֮ˣ޵Ҫ˭ĵӡ
޴𣺡ǣϣūȥ֪ͨδˡ
У˿ֻƬ̣˵ȻѾڻǰģŵù㣬Ժ͸©ȥ֣㣡
ǣ֪ءһĸоԵضֵΡ
˵ͷȻȥҪƣ⹬еײ˶ٸ֪֮ˡ
䣬еūͳͳ˸Ȼ֮ǰǸ˳ȥɿ飬ǽտǻˡ
Ҫˣˣߵ⣬ųغһ֮ǺգԼһʼסˣŲûΡ
һ뿪סţڴ֮źūǶ˶ƣʬ壬ŷˡ


 57 

ص鷿, һ·Ƽ, ˰˶ȥ
޾Ȼ֪, ֮ŮȻ֪, ˵飡Լһ·, ڵϲţ޺úò飬ǲ˭, ضϳͣ
絥ϥأǣض¿ڡ
쵹ǲ, ϾƹܵĽıû, ˵ֶǿǻٳ, ֮ˣʱ⡣
Ҫؽ, ٲһ鹬ն˭֪, һδɾ, ɭɭ, ƽյºͣɣѾΣ̳壡
ͣƬ̣ش˵޴Ӵ˲ټǸκص£
ףǣ, ´׵
ɲƽ鷿ŲȥһĨɫ̡
鷿ʱűƷ³·֮л˲ֻ΢΢˵ͷ⡣
ڻǰ粻ֵܱضκλӣǳ磬ǰ·ֻ֮ǸͷҵС꣬׽㲻ˡ
·߽֮鷿ɫ̫ãСعȥ΢μϣ΢л϶䡣
أú£㸸׶Ҵľͺáʮַ꣬˵Щѵһ㡣
·֮ѵЩĪǰȻƣģԴĹô˵ʲô˼
·ӲҷʡͶ˼֮ˣƬ֮Ժ
ţ췳һ֣ȥ
·֮ؾص˦˦Լ䣬ָˣȻ˱ĹԱʮֿģ·ʵǲôģ·ҪСģҪӸࡣ
ճ鷿ͱĹ˸ţѾˡ
̧°ͣ㲻Ƕôˣ
·֮ڻ˱˿һԵطйĹϣʹйӵūô΢սζˣ
˵úﲻԣô˵ǰԼʺ
֮磬ҲҪջ𣬻̫ˣڰ߹˵㡣
·֮Ƶ˼ĹԽԶˣĹǧҪ΢Զһ㣬΢Сֻһܲסô
֪ϴε飬Ϊ㰤׸˵ıӣҵĴԲķ壬ҪʲôҶ㻹𣿡
Ĺԡ·֮ü΢ֻҪĹԶԶģ΢鷳΢͸мˣ
˵꣬·֮Ťͷߣֱٶ˵һ仰ģ濴ʵȻһɱ˲գ۵ЫŮӡ
СһֱԻţֻѾܶˣ·֮ٲãҲŮ˶ġ
ںϣҲû׷ϣյԼһֱֽڸк
ʹŶȥȴҶܣӲ˼£ϸƤƤҲ̶á
·֮ʹ̲סۻأһѶ:Ĺڹж˽̣ɵط
һʱȻû뵽Լһ汻·֮˿̿ˣҲûʲôڵģ˵:ҵū澣ʲôϵ
·֮Եĵ˵ͷӵһߣߣ㽫ҽ￴ˡ
ͷĹԹĿ⣬̲ס˸˦·֣֮ǷǷ:·ˣūû£л·˺ġ
˵꣬Ҫ˺ѰĿ⣬صߣսսվ
·֮ŭ䲻ȴҲֱӽ˴Ĺߴߣߺ޵һ˦ת뿪ˡ
һʶʱ:ˣҪҪɱǱ˵㣡
ű۵ĵط߶µ˵:ǣū澼ˡ
ҹʮ֣蹬
»Ҵҵ߽޵ϥ:£Ĺձ·ܣûһõض
ǰĵƹ⿴飬һЩĵĻӣ粻Ҳûʲôʱʱ⡣
ƣǵҪ˶Ŀ΢΢ӻ̧ۣ»ˣʣôû˵Ϣ
̴һЦȤ:֪εϢδˣ
Ѿͷһ̴ֱۣȻȡЦҹˣ
ū澿ɲңūδ˰ū澵Ƥ̴һģһ߶ԶЩ
㵨Ӵأ±ƤЦ̴ΣȥϢ
̴һ߸ģһ߷ɿܳȥ̽Ϣ
һ»˵ع㹬˳޵
ɫ԰ֽһ޵Ҫ¹:ūݼ£򰲡
һס:أȻ˾ʹɣ»ȥҽ
»뿪һóһӷţ£ÿ䣬ֱһƬĿƤ
üͷ:ĹΪν
һһ˵:ĹһֱĽ·ˣ֪·˽ϣ鷿ţ·˾ܾū澳
·֮һеģҺҲԸˣ˼ԶΪ˵õǱΪ飬ԸԳ޸·֮
֪·֮һô׮ģ֮űӲǽȢˡ
һֵܣ˼ԶЩԹ˲Ͼһپܾĵ
̾˿վߵǰסļ粻:Ĺߣˡ
һᣬߵһ:˵ū澱㲻ࡣ
˵Żҽˣǿϵˣָ㿪ҩȴֹ
:ҽĹߣҩЩڷҩ裬ҩ࣬Яģ۶ضԡ
ԣٶᣬĽؿһһվŵĴͬ˲ͬū澣Ϊ˺˸ӡ
ҽԼҩȡҩһһ÷֮򳤹ȥ
ҽߺ󣬴ӹҩϵ˿ҩгڣҽҩҩȻǼõģȥ˿̱˿˿ģ
ϺҩֽҩãȥغãñƼҪ鷳
ǧлظ»ˣнŵĵط蹬£֪
̴ȥϢƼϵ˿ڣ޵̾˿:ǿǶһͬû뵽˱ңǹƣȻضᱻĹġ
ȻСãԺЩǸӡҡҡͷߵū澣ֻ¶á
̴ǷǷ:ǣūס
ɴʲôˣһڲ裬Ǹ˽𣿡
δ˽ղں󹬣ū澷ȥˡ̴ɫ˵Ҳ֪ϷԸܽУЩûŴȥģ֪顣
˵ͷ֪ǣʼ棬ʱضܣǲö֪ġ

 58 

, ƹܵС
ʼղϵˣһЦ:Ȼҵһμ, ֪Ҳʲôϧ֮, οּҪҲϧһдǸ˭
ʱֹס, Ȼؿ˶
׵Ե, ʱûϴ̣кк컨/˿һƬѪ, ֻѾˡ
˫ֱŵڿУ޿ش, ɫ԰׵ط·ȫѪҺʾ, Ĳ亹
Ͷ·֮ʱ, 뷨ӸϢɵûյĸ׵Ļ, ֻ¼Ѿ, ѾƵһɶ
ԽԼпʼ, 뾡һа취ӽ, ȴһֱó裬Ϊ̫ӻ룬ֻ̫ˮ֮˼
뷨ȥ͵͵Ū̥ҩ˭֪ΧԳҲ, ̫ҽԺҲãصͰһ㣬˸޷ӽ
ΪֻҪԼصĹãһжϣģϾϵɲ࣬ǳ֮¡
ڶĺӣֻҪϳңˮǴ֮Ȼз֪شʱɸˡ
һжƻغܺã˭֪֮죬κηӦ
΢΢̧Щ׵:δˣ֪ұɣֻ㲻ҪǣҵļˣǶ޹ġ
Ȼ˶壬ǱϾĸĸҲ֮¡
繴˹ǣÿɷ񣬴˿̵ȫȻûǰᣬ¹ɱ߽֮ЩᵽѪζ
˽˵:֪Ǹˣİɣǲ˵ġ
̼ǵԼһμ˼ԶʱǿȻģһ˵˵黰ʱκɵһı飻һαʱݼ䶼ζһ֮ʱ˺Ѷֻʹ
ЩǵȻֻ̰/壬ȷİѽһеŮ߳ܣ˼һеһ룬Ȼز˼顣
ǶξϾ֮õĻ䣬˼ԶΣƻ
˿ˡЦͻȻߵߣѹ˵̫ӵ¡
Ȼ㤵̧ͷû뵽Լôڣȴϲûв͸ǽѹһĺƵδͳһֱûж̣ԭǸء
˽˵:δˣҲ˵ڣǸֻһСϵܻСһЩͬҼİ飬ͻҼδ˲Ҫ¸߻ϣԸ˿һ
Ӳϧˣİ޶:ܱǸҪʧˡ
Ů˲֪ΪУΪв˼Զĳ룬ȥ̫Ӹ˼Զ̸УҪǻ֮һٻ
ƣ˲̫̰ġ
˼ԶϴӦתͷϸ淢ְ֮˱ץ֮ǰһѾΣһ仰ûü˵ͱ̫Ӵˡ
˰󲻳ɣֱһƹ:磬ҼʲộҲŹ㣡
һЦ˵ǸҵŮˣԸ˽ãҹ
Ѿھ蹬һգҹʱֵˣһղܾĻŻŵģ˵ʲô
һѽӵ뻳У˸˵£һ̧ȴƼͮͮգ̲סؿڴϸϸܵᣬɢϵɷ
ôӵ˵Ļԭԭظ
̾˿:ҲǸˣ̲סһ˿֮ģлϣ𣿡
Ҳ֪ϵ˼ȴû˿ݣΪ˱סԼ˼Զ˽ӣҴŻѪ뷨һ㣬Ҳ
̾ϢŲ˵Ϊһж˼Զ˲ΪԱϱȥ뱲ӣһȴôá
Ķͷ:ֻҪҪ㣬ҶԷһ·ϿϲϣǾͲ֪ˡ
Ϊ£ŭգֻ²ưոݣ֪Լ˻ˣǺθ룿
ЦЦ:ͳôû˿ƽԣ
Ȼɫ:ҵĹƽ嶼ֻΪ㣬İΣΪ׼
һʱסˣԽ˵ϲĻÿһֶϣȻ
Ƽ¹ãһԲڸ߿գסһԾݶ
оԼȻʧأһæס磬ĻУ˫һҲҶ
µԼ㣬ЦһĲǳǳĺһʱϳֱţ·ʩ˶䡣
Σֻҹļž˲/Ƶĺ
̧ͷԼȻվݶϣԲԽˣ·֮䣬־ܹ
˺£绳վֱˣЦˣΪˣûôôԲúʲô¶ԲԲˡ
һžߵе㲻Ծתͷȥһƣ˶վţӲ󱳶ؽֱʱʱᣬ岻ʡ
:磬ôˣ
ػŻعЩȵصͷˮҲڵѪҺϰϰҲԭ֮ƵĻ硣
ȻʲôЩڵҲΣµ˵:Ȼ㡭ˮ
û¡˵£ʵԼ˿ֱ̼Ż֮ģֻǲдקҰģûʲôֵľٶ
˳Ĭţű˭Ҳûп˵һ仰
Ƭ̺ε˵:ңȻȥһ£Ҫȥ鷿֮¡
ͷ:á
βˣֻס֣ƮƮڵϣ̶ֻ뿪
ǱߵıӰЦˣģ¶ΪǣΪʲôһûзȻôأ
ҲǸһıӰֻֻʱϸ롣
ĵؽһžԺеˮԼá
Ӱ߳һļ:ۼҴҪڳﰡôȥǵñﻵ˲ɡ
һͷ:ڳУۼҴҲǸ֮£ͱ̳ܲˡ
ü:ӴͻȻˣ
಻:ȥǸˣôˣճϢˡ
һɵӵı飬˷:ֵõ˵˵˷ʲôȥˣ
һĶͷ:Ŷ˷žȥҵˡ
ⶼˣ˵ۼҴ˽֮ڣȢ𣿡Щĵʣܾе
ޣŵ˼ڣѻˣۼҴԿЩ꣬Ҳصƿˡ
Ӵ⻹קʫˡ屧һЦԸյóԸ
ݻһɾ·ֱȥ鷿ԱŭĻʵۣޱؽԼʵĽ߻ϣ˵ҽʾһµС


 59 

ǧ, û뵽Ǹ˾ȻԼ׶ӣ˼Զж, ȴôҲϲΪˡ
һµ, ʱ䣬žΧԻ֮, ˼ԶȻ˽, ĺɰȳ²֣һ֪
һʱ̣һԼǰ, ӵȾҡҡ׹
ððĺö, ȻŪ, Χ֮͵ľ, ôһڰʾѾϵãλ
Ÿոյǻ, ˼ԶѾ˰಻ס, Ժ󻹲֪Σ
̫ӵͷԺһ, ʢŭ֮Щ޴ȥʥּ, ոյǻͷ˴ҡЩϳ᲻ϧɡ
Щ̲ͷǣһͷʹŭɵƽϢЩ, Ǹͷʯѹȥ
Żʵ۵ɫʢŭ֮µǺ죬ƽ֮ĲҰף֪˼Զӹһ٣ضڻʵһ̣Ժᴦ
ȻĬƬ̣˵޴̸޽̫£翴Űɡ
磺ǣˡ
£ʹţԼԱãʵ۲ٹʡ
˰֣£ԼȴؿϣƣԼոյǻ£Ȼͳô飬⣿
˼ԶڸͷԼġȻʥּҹҵءǰȿֺ˳ȥ
Ľѵһּ̫࣬ȴֶԷȻǸߵĴ̫޴ʲô£ȻҪͶ׽ּ
˼Զҵæ·ã޴ҹ˹鷿ʱĶġ
ҿʴ˿ʲô飬Լһŵóȥһž͵ϥ밲
ĬԼĶӣϿһ˿˿ΣȴԼǶˣһãȻ
˼ԶһëŬػԼûʲôǸʲõ飬ȴ˼⣬ΪϴΰչΧԳʥǼ֮󣬾һֱƣû˿ԽΪ
첻ڣ˼ԶͲӶ˾ôһһ򣬾Ĭ˽һӡ
˼ԶҪʱڿˣ䣺޵ĺöӣΪ۾ϣ
˼Զô죬Ҳһ䡰۾ϡҵЩ£æĵϥΪ˫ϥأӣ֪˺δ븸ʾ
˺δɭȻһЦϻ㲻ǲ޵ӣҲ뾡һ
˼Զӽڵذϣʵǲ֪˵ЩʲôԴϴ֮¸ʻɣѾòҴϢˡ
֪ˣž͸Ƥش޴̽ЩϢʲôͱ˸ǰ
˼Զˡ˼ͷͷһƬʴʢڵ죬ҲЩ£ֻ̫Ӧ֮£Ϊʷǡ
һ䡰Ϊʷǡٴεȼŭյñ겻һֱ˼ԶҵͷѪֱ
˼Զ޸㣬̫޿ҲʱλϹһ㣡쳹ʧȥǣЪ˹ŭ𣬡ˣҲĶӣ룡
˼ԶŶͷѪȴȥȵѪ˳һ·촽ߣڵϣһĿı˰
ǲ֮ף˼Զ롣
̫ӣϹᣬΪΪѡ˼Զ˻ߣǲ̫ӣҲᾡԼı֣̫ӣô룬Ҫʱһɢӣ
̬ѾǳˣȻĲŭźһĿ˼Զıϣѹô
ɡǿѹסŭ𣬰
˼Զɴ⣬ˣҲƵˣԼһʢŭ֮£̫ӵʥּͻ¡
ײײػص̫Ӹ˼Զһβȥ̽Ϣһʱβҹɫе΢ˡ
β£ջȥ֮˾ͱϢΣһҹ֮ͻȻץɴ˼ﱻңŮȫţʮϵӶΡ
˼Զǰϵƴ˸ţѾ֪֮£ȴ¶ҡһҲδ̫ӡ
Ѿ˸ʵҪٽ𸸻ʶϲΣֻ²ס
ΧԳǸ֮Īãһſ棬ָоԽǿҡ
ϸ룬Լʧƣ¾˼ˣһֱֵɹ֪ʲô⡣
һΧԳָ˼Ըг£˼ɿѲ˸ϵ
βҪһˣ鶼֪ĸзڹнѹȥֻҪó裬˼ɾûڸǰ˵ˡ˼Զ˵žߣͻȻʲôƵվסǸѾͷҪǽ壬ɾ
˿ҹѾԿ˼Զ̫ӣлʺƣȻ֪ؽ
蹬
Ѿ˯ˣ̴齱߰ţһûһµظӣ֧ͷᵽȥˡ
ŵĺ忿СͻȻ쳣̾ѣӰݶȻ蹬
ʱ˾ž蹬Щӣʲô紵ݶûУÿֻŴ˺͵ᣬͷҪɢˣ˿֮ء
Ŀһ˵ķ򣬹ǻصλãϢػȥ׼Ǹطãû뵽Ȼ»һ
˲Ҫκ֪ԷʲôģǵĿһµġ
˶ڰݶһԾ£ֱ޵˵ֱȥʹ򣬶ԷǴ˸ֲȫȫ·硣
»һңٿȻ˳ȥ˱۾ʹ޳ܡ
»ЦȻҹ蹬˵죬Ӽҵǵһμ˴¡
˵ţ»ǰȭͷҪٴȴöԷһ˴󺰵ūţϹĹۣ̫ӣȻҴ򱾹Ҫ壡
»һ£ȭͷͣ˰գһʱȷҪҪ
֪ʱѾ·վ£͵˵Ȼð䱾֣ͼֵ
ޱ͵ģû˿⣬ȴô󺰵˻˸ʵʵ
˳»Ȼȭͷ˫Ŷкȫм֮
ԹۣŵĺѾȷ˼Զû뵽ʱȻĻô޳ܵ˷ָĵز
̴Щǵѹ˵ֻ¾̫ӵ£Ǵ᲻պ鷳
ᣬ˸ոΣӣֻ¸ûи֮¡ƶҡҡͷڹϣֻԽСĽ£֮Ǵʱʶֻ³ԿԼ
̴ŷ˼Զβñףʮֽ
βƴܹȥΪ˼Զסһȭ˼ԶƬ̴Ϣ֮ӻʺơ
ž»ۼֿ죬ȥһֵ˼Զڵء

 60 

βԹһ˿, æ˫ϥ:̫ӵߵβ
βص˲Ϣض˰, β´, û뵽¹оһӰȥٵľ֡
Щ桱̴Ƶƣŵƹš, ŵ˵β, ֵ:Ϊλ
βʯͷƤ˵:½̫ӵ£߲·д蹬, 
Ȼ˵ͷŵϻȥ:أ
β̫ӵ¸ϵ, Ȼǿ, , ڹϣû֪̫˽, 롣
һ, βֵ:̫Ӹ, һͬ
:Ȼ, ǵǰװװһٴ̴ȥȡõҩ
̴ӦȥȡҩƬ̱ҩβС
βʶס˼Զж:л, ҩ£ʹ˸ˣٴŵ¡
βҩСش뻳Уתͷ˼Զֱ۴ԼϣһȳһյشӾ蹬Ĵ뿪
ؿ뿪ؿ»Ͱĺ壺úܺã˭ҹ蹬ߣŽųȥ
»һͷл£ūŽض⾪蹬صͰһ㡣
һ֣Եɷнµ˵:·ġ
ף̴һͬ޵Ž˼ԶҴܵΣøⲢĿġ
ϻ̫ӵµġ̴Щǵ˵£ֻǲʹ˼䣬̫ӵ»ǺúõĴմѱỳģջԹ
İɣһ졣Ц֮£ûյκӰ죬ʵڸһ̣Ҫγǲˣ˼ԶӣһֱβˣͲס֮ʱǸʷ̫֮ʱ
̴һ̫ӣ
˿̷֪ԭıһ£ֲ÷޿֡
ûʹˣոǣǵ뷨һܻͷ·һʼͲֹͣˣ˿뿪蹬š
̴̹أūС͸ڹߣ˾蹬ūҲȥū澲£ǹ³ɣū澿ģһūҲԸŹ
ū澾ߣ̴Աߣū澵ǵµģʲôū澶޷ˣ
οؿˣܺãûпǡ
˵һ强Ļ̴ɷϢȥЪˡ
ڴ˼Զһ£̴Ծ£˺üգȴԴ֮˼ԶһֱŲûзԼԼ㡣
¹ȥһɱɱŵţǸһ䣬ڻǰղ෹̸Ҳȥ
ڹУ֪ǼµūǣǱǱ紦ˣ֮κλ˴Ӳڹгֹһ㡣
⣬һĸߴӽһֻʣƤǵŮ͵⡣
ߴޱ˵ˣӴԺԶ뻪ǣֻ֮ǰ鶼û𣿡
ŮһݣǣСŮˣҶлҴ˾֮
أҼҴ˵ˣҪлл°ɡӵıû˿ǵ˵Ǹˡ˲ſһ
Ůԣ˶سŻʹͷСŮӶл£ԺΪ*Ը¸೤
ˣϽ뿪Ժ̤뻪ǣյļ˼棬ǶԵºʹ˵ı𡣡Щͷشߴţ
ʱסڣָؿһ۳ϵؾһˮĽ
Ůϵֿƺ쳾ĵȻǣСŮ뿪
ŮԽԽԶӲۻػС
Ѿʼ׼ϦĶŲʵƣСר͸˵
ַĽ߹ǸһʯͷЩۻҵƷһֱۣʹķȥ
ſڣһŲӵƼһȭ˹
𣿡˼ƿڴ֪жҪôĥĥôòŻ
࣬ڳѷǺ壬ٺһЦŮ鷳Ҫߵ׵ˣҪݣǡ
ѳζǰΣҲûݴʣֻա
岻ͷشͶ˵ʲôûʲôڴǸϽȥ˸
˻صУȻ縴ͷʲôͷ󺹵û˵ʲô
಻ǰʣˣʲôأ
Ҳ֪ãǽռɱˣ֮δЩ²˵Ҹӣҿ˹е֣Ϧ͸¡
·ܵĪľţԼĿڵŴǸЩ׾ӣ۶ǡ˼顱ĸ֡
˾Ȼӣ֣
ԣȴʮȤش˹һӣ̿ˮεس˳ǣ˵Ը²Ҫźá
˹ı飬𣿡
£һӦŲҪǸȥȦǼֱѹŵĨͣһˡ
ؿźȥıӰб뿪΢˿ѾΪʱӣֻƾ˷䡣
һۣԼôߣֱԼܡ
һ࣬ͷɣǸѾ͵ӿһЩȻѾû˾ɵġռ䡱
ҹʱ֣ԼġϢھ蹬ĴڣϵؿĵĻӣһ߿һߵ
Ƽˣ»˽ĻӦֱȥȻʱȴô
Ĺţź춹Ӷȵ÷ֻ̣дģǸԴЩ΢ıĥݿ
ѪҺŷյһһܾԼÿ蹬ûѹ˸߲ҵԺߡ
Ƭ̺Ĳſ˫ۣһ˫ֻ
粻鶯ͷһĴ˳ƻУֻʵʵļϣҶֻȴԡ
Цðƿ֣ҪҵĶأ
ԼʲôˣСĵشӻԼġ֮ױƵķǰ
üͷһǰľͷĶмƵȱڣľݴϸһ̲һʵǿǸʲô
üЩȷʣô㲻ϲΪģ͸Ϧ֮ǰ͸㡣
üͷ˿չ֣ԼҪҪʣ硰⡱⵽Ǹʲô
ʣ´߰£ʣԼʵǲ֪һʱԾ
ʮҽˣһ

Ȼһӣ


 61 

ǿѹЦĳ嶯, ѹʮʹࣺû, ʮϲ
һ˲Ǻ, Цÿĵӡ
ʵʲôܿ, ο, 岻ͬٳҲǻϲġ
Ҳóһɫľһ, ŵ:ʱߡ
˫ž, ۽΢ʪ, һԽ, ԽһõĸоһͻȻ, ԭһжΡ
۽ǵ, Ϊ, ദ, Ǳ˴ͨȻʲôϸʳָĬĬΪȥ飬̶۽Ǵӡһǡ
һסָԼĴߣ΢΢˫, Ҫʱȷ˿̵ʵ
µ쳣ϵĲס룬Щĸꡣ
ܰһĻͷĶͷȻЩ̫ԣԼֱȻʪһƬֵһۣԼֱ̺Ѫȵ¡
:
һסԼεı:
ôˣң֪δĻʢ£Ϊʲô֢æҵѪ溰̴ȥҽ
æ:̴ء
ǵؿ:ΪβأѪˣ
ޱεؿһ:̫ˣûûʲô¡
Ȼʶʲôһ˲͸ˣԶ˵㣬Ȼ:Щ𣿡
:
Ϊ˿ûУԼĴھĻԭԾ
ңȥϴͻ顣С˵˵߿飬᲻ԸսȢȥ㣬Ը𣿡
ֱü۵ļһôĻֱ˵Ȼ˰ġ
һ޹ΣÿһζûʹԸ𡱣ΪԸԸյĽһġ
˿̣ôСվǰڴؿԸ𡱡
УԸ
ѸȷĴ𰸣ֻһͷͻȻԥˣ׾Ҫȫ̽ԼȥһУ˿
ɫһʼȸԾɣǰһͷ˫:Ȣˣ빲һֻ㣬㾭ʲôֻҪ㣬Ҷں
һᣬ˲䣬Ļ̶ᶨص˵ͷ
磬Ժ·ҶԸ޸㣬ͬһԣ棡
Ĺ̵¶ȸյııһƬС
ƽ߹شᣣڴϣӣĲÿһĴܸоĲ
·űƵģƿһǣǰİ¶һ룬ˡһӡȥ
ҧŴĲȽ˴棬ϣǣط·ҪԼݽȥ
ˣ·档ʱҲֻģǼҴ˵ĺ¡
ĴͣסŷԼ֮ʲôߵͨ죬¶ǵҲ͸ˣסĳµһӡӡ
ЩεҲһȣЩ޴ḧķ˿:Բ𣬻ͷҶ·֮ഩȹ㿴
ǣΪ·֮ϣԼúܲ˼ˡ
ʲôҲҡ״Σֻһסȥ
̧Ƽ¶İǸӡӣ鲻Խʳָ뿴ߵӣû뵽ԼȻ˷ӦɫһתϵۣžĶӡ
˺һûжˣųĺһظ£ԻµϢ
һЦŴϢޱؽ硣
缱Ҵҵ뿪蹬ֱȥ·ңת·֮·Ƿʲô£㽫һ·׼ʹһٵ뷨ѹȥ
ʲôôżº˱裬˿
·֮һƨ:ձҹ˼ĮƵƵɧŸСԽɳˮԴͶʹɳѾӣʬҰˡ
ɳһü˵ⲻһһ׵С
һǿǷ˳ڳı߹һȻҲȥףôһأ¾Ȼ뱱Įйء
·֮˻˵:ӿ߹εǣʹεǱң𣬱Į룬Ѿ±߹ǳء
˵ʲô̲סİ𣬡߹صؽʲôԵģ
˵·֮ɫʹ߹ؽڱ֮Уɱˡ
⡱ߣһ߹ؽܱɱضı棬˵
㻹ʣ·֮ĪۿŻѡôһﵱǸȪ˰ͽӭƨͨʲôֻ˵϶ᡣ
·֮һʼѭ浸أʲôʲôû뵽Ȫôͽڸ׸ĵֱӵһӽ塣
ǸۣȻʵӹһԺҲñͨѾȪܿˡ
ڣձõϢ·֮Ʒ£ǱƷɴ˻Ҫ֪硣
ζ:̫һʧȥɽΡ
·֮룬֪ȪǸ̫ʲôϵЩĪ˵:Ȼôȣ°˽档
λϣŵأѭգֻ
·֮Ŭ˼:һʼ뷨£ʵ£ģɱ
˵·֮ǰһ˼һһ£֮ˣ̫ӱض뷨ӳȥ
˼Զڰֻ»˴ʧˣͰһ£ȴô֮ˣ˼Զ£ҲΪ塣
·֮벻ˣ絽׸̫ʲôޣҪô
ŵü͸¶ŵɻ翪˵:̫Ӳ˽ֻ˽ΪˣôƷеһС
˼ԶΪ·֮Ȼжţ˵ʣҲʮֵء硱ˡ
:Ȫ߹౨ʱʵԼֱӵ˵һͣڱӣͻˮ
·֮Щԥ:᲻̫ҵ᲻ҡ
ߣ˿̲Լ·ж:Ǿ͹ؼȥԹĴүȢӣ֦ɢҶ
·ּ֮ܲȻһվ:Ʋˣ˭ΪǴ𣿡
ͷ:ܺã磬Ըϳ֮ʱҲ飬뷴㶼С
ᵽϳ·֮ˣ°򣬷ӣСӳĸͻҪҪģԭر˲ʡ
Լò׵ڱְĻᣬôδʼͱɱҡ
뿪·ʱʮֿĵģɳѣԹ˲Ͼ֮޷ɧŴ߾ȥףҲͲطѾ˼ȥӦ
Ψһ˾οĵط

 62 

ص, дһŽࣺ͵ݳǣؽ, , ض˵С
һľɲһʮֿסĲ, Ϊ˱Įʿսϰ, ȷָȱ㼰սԣһֻҪǸͱض˵С
ŷ֮, ־òףһܶ鶼˱仯, ĮǱҲʲô, սһ, Ƭս֮С
Ų𿪣½սԽ, Ϊ׷п, л˺ܶһԱĮ˼, ԼһЩµսԡ
д֮, һʧŽŽ࣬ҿɿ֮ȥš
뿪֮üϢһ۾ԺȫǷߵ, ̲ס䴽ǡ
һһȥգδ˯һþҹ˯һΣʱǶЦ⡣
յ糯ոѹ֣೯˵˱߹֮£ӱ߹صǣӱҪʮգҲ˵౨ʱ߹ѾֹȥʮգʲôΣһ֪
ѹֻ֡ţĳ֮ӣ佫ȫͷ˵̫֣Ƕûʲôա
쿴ûһĳǣüֱһһơ
ǿŭ½Ȫְʲô˵ģ
ȪȻսսشȺ߳˶һɸӣ߶°Ҳû˵һ֡
һһȺҪͷûһ˵֮
ʵеĳ֪ʱɳõĴȥɳߣɱ֧Ԯ˵У֮ߡ
һŪþҪԴ£˭Ըȥ˻ˮ
˼Խڶϥأʣʱֻлܸʿģѧǳξ֮ţɶΪʷǣǴǻֳֶҡ˼ףֻܶȥ
ƣǸʱеԴΣյ飬ҲǽҵĻᣬ˼ɲᣬԼ˼Զ·˳ˡ
ֻҪ˼Զ˵ԼȥЩϳƴײҲ뿪ǣؼʱ̡ҡġ
˼ԶԼԼ˺ЩӣűҧźؿһԼܵĺ󱳣룬ôͿʼ¶Լĺβˡ
Щϳɣñ̬ñ˼ԶϥأʣܵףΪһʱӦͦʲôһţʢѡһ̫ӣҲ¡
Ȼ˼Զ䣬ЩĬԵϳǾعһأ̫Ȱɣɡҡ
췳ذ˰ָ֣Щ佫ʣ˵̫ȡǵǸһõķӣЩ佫ʬλزͣ
佫Ƿ׷׵ͷĮսǿǶҵľӣʤĿܣɶϱĮ̻δ򣬾Ѿȸβ
ÿһ佫ģʬõĹޣǲȴ²ϱĮ̴СǺôӴսԼų꣬Ҳ᲻ð
ÿһ佫ȻҲʵվŵ磬һҲܽ˶ͼ½ʿǵսԣҹߵزһЩĵá
ټһ걱Į󺵣ʧȥ˴սܹлɱĮ۶
Įݳ㣬ս޴ұ뺷ǵȷȡʤľз˵С
佫ûһ˵˼ٶȵϥأʣŶ
ϣ֮Ըڳ֮Ծһˣۿȥһ޸֮
·֮Ⱥ߳ԼҪɱ˵Ŀ⣬˼ԣϣ󣬲գ΢ΪһԱ˵У
ʮؿ·֮һ꣬ǱЩϳľҪߣһȪ½ɵ亹᯶䡣
·̹ͨ£ϣȮף֪ߵغ񣬻ˡ
·ͨתͷŶӣǱĮǿ佫Ƕûз˵УһδɵСӣʲô
·֮һԼϵģǱĮѵô뻹ǲɣս뺷Ƕǵսǣ뺷ҲӲӲȡǡ
ս
мЩ佫Ƕţѧսϵģ֪߹ĵȴδ̣Ȼôаش
ȻǲԸԼյģʱ򣬾ȻֻһδµëͷСԸСƽֵ̫ƣҪİˡ
϶Դû۶ϣ֪ʱʱ򣬺䵽˾蹬Ժ
ˣһЦ֪ʲôռ⣬ڴš
ϣȴϥأ£΢תǰ˴¡
彫ǰǱߵ£һһʮظҲףǰ¸˵ʲôãǼҴ˺޲ܽڳʲô¶˵Ҳͼ߲ˡ
Į֣ԴǡˡһԺȻָһ飬ɳߺУž
һΪĮң뷨ӶԸɳˣȻ֪һ˷ӡ
Ǵˣ֪ˡ˵ȥʻ˭
ӦһԾݶˡ
ԭһţϵĻѾлˣֻ΢Щɬӣſˡ
˿ȴ˶һ㣬Ҳ֪ЩʲôôţնŲ֪ĵط
̴һۣڳǰҡҡ֣ôˣ
Ż񣺡û£Щ佫ȥԸĮԸµس
̴ЦЦԭǹǵδء
˵ɫأ̴ʹȥʾҪԼһ˾һ
ĮʱôĶһûеģҳǰ˵ĳޱ΢ã˼ԶȥʱŹĸӡ
֪˼Զ̰ʺıʲô⣬˼ԶԲġ
ôǰλԳԸĮأ
Įڴ볤ֱ룬İսˮ֮Уһ̫սң̫İʧʱΪԼĺõģڼ޸ɳ֮ҰյϢ
ŷ֣˵ֹģֻҪй֣֮սԶֹĶǰա
ʱ룬ԼжöãսɱУԱһַԱһҸ֡
Įǿ겻Ϊ󺵣¾磬Ҳô׵ش뱱Į۶
һʱǺ޴ƬصģΪƬûһ˿Ƕģֻбá
ɵ濴ƬرĮ̤ʱʮֲ̣պ޹
ǸȰ˵磬ҪΧŶŮ˽飬ȥһ֮ʱΪĴ󽫾Դ
һ뵽ҪԼķ·𱻵һʹ

 63 

뽹ʱ, ǰȴİˣջǾ˼ս, ʱ, û˭ǱȻܰĵġ
·֮ΪӶ, Ϊʦһ
ֵ˼ϽΪ, ƴǣǷ׷Լʹ³֮ȥ׼ˡ
ļ, ֱ蹬һֱں, Ͳôǰ, ŵ, ˿̻ĳʲôء
̴ʹ򷢵һԣԼһ·, û⵽Ѿߵǰ
, סַڴߣȼ˰ɣ
ͻȻֱһů, ŷѾ֪ʲôʱ, ס֣ЩãȻ磬ĮڣӲ𣿡
һǴ󽫾յػжȰƬ, һһίԼ⹬ǽ֮ڣѵƲ°
ԸΪίԼαĮ֮ս˿һѹԼûȥս
ɵ۳֮ɫЩʯķ˿Ҳ˵ôһҲ뿪̫ԶڱĮа취
Ȼһ⣺а취㲻ó𣿡
Цڻ˵·֮ΪʦϽΪİɣսʤ
棿ܾнСӺƭɣʱıĮɲȡ
֪ݳǻҵľɲףѾŸ˿ìܵ飬ֻи˵ףܷģϿɵġ
ԷģֻҪϿɣ˵˱ضĿȡ֮ο粢һ˵󻰵ˣ˵սʤһоʤİա
ŷӦ緽˵ʲô˵ʲô·֮Ϊʦȥ̣
·ܴ̣֮
ڳ¶·֮˿ڼϵġӡĸĸ׵Ŀء
³֮ߣҸطȵų֣û뵽ϵ˸ţĿ֮£ӻ˼ҡ
·֮ţ޵ݺᣬȴ˿Ļĥ˿Խʢ
·ֱ֮ϵһͨѵѵҲûˣʥּ£ȥҲȥ
·ͨճرݣ·֮Ƥ̧ŻԼӣѾᳵ·ˣҩֱ˿ͿĨо۾ͿĨȡ
Ϻҩ·֮ͷ綷һĸĸ׵ʹ飬ֱʵܲ˷Ƣųţһͷ뿪
·֪֮һǿԼҪιȥǣȻʱǰһ̣˴춯
ֱˣһŵϤҩζ΢΢üͷ׸˵ƢҲ̫ˣڳΪҪԼ
ǰһõģֻ·֮˵Լõķӣûôһ˵
ҡ·֮һ˵óĵۣ˸ſãⲻǿ˳ļ٣Ƕ࿼һ̣߹صİձһ̵Σա
ؿſڴϣǱ·ӣ·һʶһ㣬Щ佫ǶʶѾˡ
Ҳܣһ޸֮ȥսڴߣƿ·һı·ϻֺݶ
ٷϻ·֮һ磬϶бķӣȻһϰٸֹּͬȥ
οһЦзӣǰٷְЧһȥԼڶģôң
·֮ûذһۣΪβţ·֮õֵܣܺҲɣ˵зӣǾ͵氲źһУʲôһҲֻðˡ
ͻȻһ죬δйһȫεĸܣδйһĵѡ
һʼӽ·֮ĿҲǶô˭֪ദǾȻ˶ԷΨһĪ֮
㰲ȥǵһ䴽ǣһúչ·ˡ
ޣ·֮ŵ˼ڣ·ҿɲȱôТ
֮ɫͻȻֽճȭ·ֱ֮ƽڻǵʹһƣ
·֮˸˺һ㼦Ƥ񣬾һԴ볤һ˵˸ġ
ִӻͳһͭƣ·ֱ֮ߣݳؽףƣԻ뷽跨ȫ
·֮סƣȻҲϵѵ֪ɻģĽڳ𣿡
粻ֻǳһЦȻ֪һҲһֱѭ㣬ȻҲᵼ¶޳ĪӲܡ
·֮ˣ»Ȼǲ֪ģܳû֪ԼΡ
ͻȻۿȣ˹ȥһѱס磬ôͳһƽôô˿Եʮֿɰ
գڽĻ£͵˻ʮأһɽϣŴ뿪ֱ˲ŷعС
һع˵ʺͷۣйȥֻ޴ֱǵ
ʺȻܴǵվҽҽŮһȺŮӣÿ˶
ÿһҽﲻ˿ëɻʺ۵ȥͷϲסð亹ҽҲסز亹
Ƣǳģȴһ̬ʮֹɵڻʺߣһֱڸʺѯҽʱҲ
ҽһͷ󣬾Ĺ·ʲôûʹ
ȸģʺŮǲ֪ᱻ˵ʲô
޷ǵ˵ʺҽ˭Ҳýȥֻ棬һͬš
һ磬ʳʶ̣ȷһаòŷƵġ
Ѿϰ̬ȣЩĥ͸ˣƽλ߸ϵĹǰģվȻ΢Цŵ˵ͷк
գգ̧ۣͷһգ̫Ҳû߳ѽôһж͸Щķ
Ȼһԣѹ˵¿֪ʺһ
˵ͷʹ𣿡峺ˮеСزѵʲô⣿
±ֱ졣̧۳˳ܣȷû˿ǣſ˵ʺջǽü˵԰ͻһӴոճͷʹɵ飿
ǵ֮ǰѾ»˵˻ʺЩӶЩʲô£Ȼͻδʲô֮
ȻδʲôΪԼԻʺĸӵ˽⣬Ƕ˸ۣʱ̴ֻһˣô»˺úס˾蹬ʲô֮
˵ֻǵһЦˣ˭Լ忪Ц
ѽֱһ֣̫СЩΪֻЩˣԼҪ⡣
ףл⡣


 64 

ǵ, ͸оѹֵգһ˲￩һ, Ϊʺôء
, ˷׷ʰǵһƬ
Ĭ, Ⱥд, ʺ޵ȥпߣŮ, ɡ
ҽͺŷ׷ͷæȥˡ
ǳǳһЦлʡ
ζؿһ, ͷȥ, ôҽ, ΧԳȫ˿ڳ, ɾͲƯˡ
Ͽ÷ë, Ծ˺˼, վ˵, ͷ϶ӡ
ʹ߻ȡЦصͷĿȴƳһۺ磬ɼسգգۣɵ΢΢һ졣
ΪŮԼ˵죬ѵЦЦԴ߹شϢ, ѾЩӲЦˡ
쿴һŵˣȥ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļ㽫Ŀת޴ͳȥ
޴Ӧһһƣڳ߹ȥ֮󣬱ĬĬں档
ֱӽ޵ʺɫ԰ףԼͷʮذ뿿Ļҽҩ
ˣʺȴֹĸ󣬸ιҩ
ôˣö˶˵ôͷۣҽ˹ϣŴĻʺʣҽô˵
ϹᣬԵøظʣҽŶιˣȴûһĸ󵽵ǺβֻܿЩֹʹҩȺš
˶٣˵ĸǰվͷʹֹֻΪڼΪǰ֮·æһֱö
һйŵҽǣ䣺ʺһͷʹǶ޲ߣЩ˻кã
ҽʮԩصͷ˵ÿ˶ϸϸظʺ˼ɾʲôﲻúõģƫƫͷʹѣҲ벻Ǻιֲ
ҩʺƺͷˣķ˯ˡ
춢ҽ˵ҪʺĲƺˣժǵԴ
ҽӦ׷ڵأͻϡ
չ˺ûʺ󣬱ǵ˵ʺ˲ο
ɻؿŻʵۣ·Ƭ̲Żش𣺡ҽ֪ʺ󡭡
޲ĹҶ˵˼ɸոմŴΣʺôһ˵˵ʲô
粻֪ʺĿʲôɾͻʺýԲǣ϶˼ԶѾûʺסˡ
ҡҡͷ֪֮£
Ҳûŭ̾˿˵ѽѽ֪㲻ǲֻǲ˵ˣȻġһʱ̺òˣ󹬾ͽ
ֽ޴ٹֱȥʺд͡
͵ǵʱʺҩȻѪӿһѪ³زҲˡ
Э֮Ȩ࿪ˣԼĹɣǵγĶԱȡ
ҹ蹬
»Ϣµּ⣬Լλӵּ֮ķӦһһʮظ
̴üɻʣʲô˼ôʺˣЭأ
һЦ˽Լʵˣ̧һΪǰߵĶְĴ̣һ棬ҲΪ˴ѹʺϷѾʿ͸ǲưˡ
ʺȻװ̴˿̲ŷӦ
ȻأЦҡҡͷƫƫڹϣʺǲͶҽˡ
Ȼ򣺡ԭô˼ū澷Ż룬ǲǾûʺ̫ͲŵõĲʺΪ
ļ֪ʶԻʺ޼ģ̧֮ͬΪϣ˻ʺ󣬲Ϊҵ
ǻΨһһƹŴʮȨӶǴĽ˴γ֮лһǻʺĵܵܡ
һΪս׿һԾΪ󽫾˼Զǻ֮Ҳûдѹ磬ҪƺԽµķҡ
۸ʲô˼ʺҪôⶼ޹أǹԼӡǰ˷ԸζòҪ꼰蹬
ʱڣ뽫Լ¶˵Ƥӵ£Ϣһ׼
̫ӸǱ˶𣿡ͻȻ»˼ԶЩʲô
»Ӵ𣺡ջظ֮󣬱һֱŲ˵ڲ𾭣Ϊ˲¡Ϊ顣
û뵽˼ԶһȻôϷˣҲǱ˼ɴ̼زᣬһ˼Զ͸뷽跨ø֪£ֱøʿá
һҲģ˼ԶôϷڸǸǰβˡ
峿ոţͿһͦεӰһԸ»ȥ
һͬ»һĻ˼㣬Դͷɥ߽
һĸ˼㣺ôˣ˭˼㲻ˣ
˼յĶˣסֱۣરવµǲҲһǴֻԡ
һ̶ݸһЦ˼ôôأͻСѾ˵㹦㣬ôһǴأ
ڸΪˣ̫ӣȻõġ˼ͷ죬˵ִΪ˵Уƽ˼ʲôˣһͷֶ
˼δѵʮ꣬㱣ʱԺأʱգ㻹ֻǸҪõСꡣ
˵ţһ̴̴̻⣬ЦǰСҪʲôģūȥ
˼˱Ťʲôԣ
̴εؿ򳤹ǳǳһЦḧ˼ķ˿˼֪ÿ˶ÿ˸飬ģǶ飬øĸǣʾרĳΪģҲԴ顣
˼̧ͷ۾ؿ𣬳ĪҪƭң
ġ֣µص˵ͷȥʸʣǲƭ㣿
˼ɫźÿЩĵľͳһڣţĵľǺóԡ
ϲͶЩߵʱ򣬳̴һСοؿǺúӡ
ˡ˼ͻȻʲôķһߣĨĨͣ㣬ĸ˵㣬ʺͷͻȻֺˣ϶飬ϣġ
áͷ˼Ǹᣬ֪ˣȥ汾лĸ
˼ſĵЦˣĳ꣬»ŵģͻȥ
ɫص˵ʺⲡÿȥҲ죬ֻǱͼ᲻Ե²
İɣ˿ļٵӵ̫֮λЦҡҡͷԼԼĺλϾĶԸңԼᣬδ£һ˫ŮԽԶԽá
˵ͷūˣģܱھ蹬Ҳȥ


 65 

ʺͷ֢϶һ, һֱãҽǼת, ʵǲ֪ⲡ
Ҷ֮, ϾδʹʺĲ飬Ҳδ̤, һ
蹬, ȥЩ֮£һһԼδ͸Լôණ, ԼҲҪЩʲô͸ǡ
һգѪ, ̴ѧһ, Сæһ, ̴һѾıУʳн塣
ƨ߶ƨ߶ؽʳû, , һ, , ϲ̵ؽʳϣ˳ˣ˵ǳĵġ
ڿĵʱսҪڵĻ˻Щͷ
ʳ, һɫ죬ģûжԵĶʵû⵽ʲôģһЦõ¸ԼҴˣǣһ˲һš
翴еĶ:ʲô
æ˵:ǵġһ֡
ı˲ҲһǷѣ˲һͷŽȻ֣⡰һ֡ζ࣡
Ǹ飬ˣǿζʵԹάſڣ˵ô˱ˣǻж
ȴƵĳȥһ飬ڶ飬ݸ:
Īľţæ˺ü:ǵ¸˵ģ²ҳ
˵꣬һˣһ˻ġ죬е˷裡
ڻȾͷӰһţȫȻû£СһṦ׿͵ҫı˺һѣֱӽѰҴˡ
źеĵģһһ飬·ζ㺵Ӱ֮УþǺ׶죬ֻҪָģҲζ
һȥġζ˺
ԼҴ˳ԵĿģͣ໹ΪʲôµģӣҧӹŽС
һ˲䣬ãԼ˿һҪĸоζӳ£³ɿ˵Ŀ⣬һˣȥ
Ƭ̺ǵһ㣬·ȥĲǵģذףײԼѾǧٿˡ
ǿԼҪ뷨Ȧ:󣬴ˣ¸棬ˡ
ηӦѾɨҶһˣȺ巽ߵٶй֮޲
ɻؿߵıӰ˵һôֵֹ
һеĺܿͼ˵ףûƵĶ豭һˮֱӳȥ鷿
ݶſŵĺ壬Ŵ˺ö˶˵뿪ɻؿŲԶé޵࣬˵ѹִǴˣθȱ˿롣
³ﻹʲôֵĵģûҵʳлȥֱ峿ʳн˾蹬
۾һ:˱ĵ𣿡
˳Թˡ˵ֹˣֱӼˣ˷Ը½ʳл¡
ʳУֻǶź:úó
óԡ
ĥһ£ǳ࣬˭ӦöúóԵİɣ˵ͷ
ǾͺãЩĵģ˳Ҳһˡ²ҵˣˣжģøҲһ
ԺиһҹĶӣĽϿȥͷãⲻǣ붾
æֹ:²Ҫ
̴ͬ:Ҫ
˵꣬˻࿴һۣ˶ԷеΣЦŽһ
ؿ:ôˣΪʲôҪ
̴һ:ĵģ͸ǣҲҳ԰
ԶԶԡ̴˵Ķԡͷ絷⣬ûǸڸֻˡ
Ĭ:ңҲû취
˵ͷȻ˵ˣҪСͻȻʲôԺԸ:ȥҴˣ˵ʺġõĲ࣬ʱˡ
Ҳܳ˵ʲôˣɴĨһ亹תͷһԾӰݶʧ
һֱ鷿ֵҹҲûȥ鷿̶ۣЪ
˿Ѿţȥϳ޴ŴĽ˿ۡ
糯·ϣпҽҴҵ߹Ӧǳżӣ϶ûƼ
ָҽıӰ:Ҫȥģ
޴ʵش:ػϵĻҪȥ̫Ӹ˵̫ӵЩһֱڸϳիΪҴҹͻȻ赹ˡ
ҹ޴˵ʲôտ˸ͷ˵˼Զ㲻ͷشˡ
һϣͻȻӿͷѾЩӶ̫ӣ֮ҲӲȻ֪
Ҳûʲô£߹شսݳǶ뱱ĮһսʱʤиһֱţһЩʱղܽĮˡ
üͻȻһֲõԤУԼľһ״̱˵Ӧûսپǣôһֱأ
ȴΪĿǰ״̬ѾõϢˣԼĵϣĮѱԼļ磬ⳡ̾ǺģҲܺԷһҲ
ɢ֮Ȳش޴˱δκˡ
һ̫ͨӸʱҽӴų߻ҡͷ̾
Ȼӿ˽Ųߵſʱסûֱͨ˼Զ޵
ûʵ۱£е¶ֺڣ磬һ˵ߵ޵ſڣ׼ţȴһͻȻסŲЩ
£֣⻹ǰءŮӵһӶˡ
ֻϧվŵˣʵ̣ɫ࣬޴ֻǰˣ磬֮κŮ˶ûȤ
ЩӶˣװϢÿԻ˼ԶЦʮ/
ţ޵ھʹ
ԭһ̴ѣŭ֮£̧־ʹ㽫ƿ޵ŵһ˲䣬˻תߡ
޴һۣ޴һ亹ȴһޱ飬һͬ뿪
Ȼ˻һ߿޵ţֱӽȥ
˼ԶŮѾǳȻſ򱻶忪ǰ˳Ͳһը˼·
˼ԶһߴЬһƿڴ˭˵죬ƿţҪ壡
ЦŶ̫Ǻô磬Ҫ޵ľ𣿡
˼ԶŵһӴϹֻһֻЬһֻҲ˲ôˣӵسȻװĸʣЩûʡ
ʣʡ˼Զϥеʽ£ݺڵأͣЩӵȷΪ˲¡߹شݣɣգն
ˣ˿һ䶼ȥŭĿԲָ˼Զָڷӣͷ̫֮λ
ԣ˼Զ˹ȥ鴤˼¡
лҪ˵ڰ˼Զ̫֮λˣ˴Ӧ

 66 

̫ӵϢǳ˳, ֮ھڻʹʢ
ʺЩһֱôãϢ, ŵҩȫ³, ˳³Ѫ˳׻˹ȥ
һԵ˶, ΪĸĿǰʱ, ֻҪֻ̫ӣһж
ƺеϣһ˲ˡ
һʱ뵽ľȥҸ, ɻûǵͱץסͻع㹬
ھ蹬ŪһɫС, Ϣʱ, û˿ĵı, ֻҪʺܻǻʺ, з֮ա
̴һ˷ܵϢ, ȴԼҹޱ, һʱ֪ǲ˵˻
عͷı, һЦ:ûʲôǱԤϵģֻǸʶ˼Զ棬ֻǷ̫ӡ
̴ûже˼ȴˣ²ҪϷ̫, Ҫ˼Զ
ţֱ뿪蹬ȥ鷿Ҹʣȴûҵȥ԰Ȼͤĸʣֻ޴һˣ硣
Ůˣѵ¶ЩЦݣȥôˣ
߽ͤһ£һԸŵĴ̻⣬˳ȥ
ŮƺʲôҪԼ˵ʾ޴Ҳȥ̶ʣôл˵
ʣġǰʹ֮ɫ֪鲻ã
Ŷ֪ԼŮһ¹ɣʮοε֪鲻ã
֪һֱʮϲ֣Ҳģģ˵ļ⣬δֵȷǻЩ
ЦΣ˼ԶĻжţֻһֱΪôƣҲзִģȴû뵽
ϴΰΧסΧԳʮյǻܾܲʹ̫ӣֻô󳼣ϣ˼Զһѵԡ
֮£ҲûֱͱƣֻΪĸ֮飬Ϊ˻ʼҵ棬ֻ˼Զѵһͨ¡
Ƕ̫磬˼Զûгԣ䱾ʶ
˵ȷʮֲãǻ꣬ͷô飬߹صİջˮ֮Уһжڸʺʵ֮λ
һУ޷ԼٵŮ˵ֻǼŵ̾Ϣһģû£ġ
ʵ̧һ˫ֹؿԼĸʣο϶õ˽ѵҲ̫ϾĳӣǵĴ֡
飬ֻǽ˼Զݶ̫֮λ̫ӸֻҪ˼ԶţЩӴЩƽͱضкܶϳλȻˣ˸ͷ
Щ۵ؿԼĳŮ˵ɵӣ֪Ƕʲô㻹һζػǡ
ЩίˡͻȻ˵ϴΧԳ֮£ʲδһ
δ˵꣬ʹˣʣ֮ǰˣǼ˭ģټƽϣҲҪ󹬰ǰ⡣
ЩԾؿԼĳŮһֱΪ˼֪ʲôŻᰲʲôҲ˵û뵽ʲô֪ȴȻѡ񱣳ֳĬ
õģȻԽԼ̫ƫģԳŮǷ̫ࡣ
ǸɵӡĬãֻ˵ôһ䡣
ʵʱһʼҲġЦúΣίʱˣϰˣиʻʺţֳţȻһЩƽϱǡ
Լļ˿ѾˣֱǱһֻֻȻסšѪ
ԭɵѾͷʱʱ۸ףȻһֱһ֪һֱ۵Ů
Ϊûۣûи׳ţûֳţͻñ۸
һᣬЩ¼˵üԺһúֲԼŮ
ʵú룬ŮѾʮ꣬õ˼˵ͣһųĻ£֮ء
ͻȻϴ˵ˣ̽ʣˣ
ƺһ̶ͷȥ΢΢һ죬ȴ˵ں󹬣ʲôˣ
ܿǿķǣŮѾ֮ˣ¶ģ۶Է˭ֻҪŮãԷ޼Ҳͬ⣬µļ˵
˺ߣ˵ûˣͻȻԼվĿڵͻȻɢˣޣ˭ֻҪİ֮ˣһȫ
𣿡ϲ̧ͷкһˮ˵ƺòԣֵͷöѰġ
ˬʵһЦ޵ˣˣ޿ģ
ǰֳԼһĵεΣոˣ˿ʮֽߡ
²¿˭룬ΧԳѫӵܣһࡣ
ֻãδһԼĸڸǰ˵ʲôĪҪᡣ
Ǿ·֮СȻʮֻƣȴмӺѪԡ·֮˴׸ıĿ֪
˭ҪϲǸ·֮ؾ죬һӷԼϴζĸ˵ĻõģŮ˶֬أǻŲϲ
Զڱ߹أ֬Ũǻ·֮Ī˺ü磬һӺƻ
ɫȻǿֻһܡ硣
Σû˵ֻԽˣһֱ쵽˲ɼص˵ͷ
ĵ黹ˣƲ磬ֻ걻ѵһĺĽɫܶһһĺ
ɱ顭Դǣѵ𣿡
£ᶨ̧ͷ֪ԸʣԴĹɱЩ˶ʲô޹֮ˡ
ɫʼ˵ˣŮ
ɬٶȵͷȥǹ˹֪Ҫͬ޸ˡ
簡ζؿ԰ʢľջһʯ
ƤգգۣԶһһ⣬ԶãʿԿ鿼
ʳָһŮĶͷ龫Ȼ޵ϲǾ컯ޱضúÿҶң޾ģ
˿̣ŮҸߵģ֪Ѿռ൱ҪλãҪȫģֲЩŮĿǷ
Цŵ˵ͷոʿʱҪۿ׶ԶǺ˼
ЦعһŮıǼ⣺ѽѽһ㶼֪֣ӣﰡ
ᵽףЦݽ˽֮ٶȳĬ
˺һŰ˰֣˵ȥɣջ޴㣬ʱ⣬޾ͼΪǴͻ顣
лʡ


 67 

峿, ø磬Ҳûʲô, ߹ؽûдκϢ, ܿɢˣֱӽȥ鷿
蹬֪ǻϸ´ͻĴ, һϲ, ҹ蹬ʰһȾ
ױһ͸ɫȹöǡ
˿, Ѿ鷿棬Ƶ, һôӦʵĿ顣
һ, ɫصؿ磺޼ǵ˵, Ϊͻ飬޿ɼҵĵСŮ, ʮ䡣
һ, ûüϱԼ˭, ôϾΪǿˣʲôɼҵСŮ, ôû˵
æϥأϣ˵ѾˣǴԵȢԸȢ
ŭһӣŵһԵ޴һ亹, ŭ磬޴ͻ飬㶼ҾܾĵԽˣ̫谮㣬񵨴죡
һҲˣǷҪóȢŮˣǱ𷣣
Ϊ޲ҷ𣿡콫ǰĲ豭ˣƬһأٸһλᣬ㵽ȢȢɵŮ
һͷڵϣ𷣣
鷿УƽţŵùϢŭ棬ȴһֱЦݡ
úúãվŲ鷿Ȧּţϳȥشһٴ壬޵Ҫƣ׹ͷжӲ
ĽƬ̲Žߣߵúͼȴϻת⣬ߵˣҲûϽסǣֻüһ׼
ĺƼƣŵû궼ˣǼҴ˱ϴ⻹ǵһΣǶŭ˻ϣ
һ·ųģȻ鷿棬ôûסأ
Žʿܺ˵׼򣬺ļ٣Ҳ˲鷿ǺεأȻ˳ź˽ȥȻͿºϾźȲ裬һԵĴЦӯӯվţ˿ûһΪ˵ĵ顣
ʱˣǻϸҴµףⱲµָɽˡ
ʿҲ磬ҲҴᣬϷа٣ֻ»ŭֻþӾʹ
ӻδ£޴˳δ˰ɸϷɣֻҪڣϾͻ
޹⻰ǻ˵ģ类ڵϣȴ˿תϣлЩ֮ɳһֻһŮӣǲȢΪޣֺη
˵仰ǳģ޴ֿ𺳣ʾʿȱԼСŽ鷿ˡ
һ챩ŭˤ޴ٶȴ鷿Сų˲ϵĺ飬˵δˣ˵ˣֻҪ˵ǸŮ˭Ҳԭ
ſڵһ빫תϣĽͶϲȡԼ𷣣
޴½СδүҪ̾˿ܽ鷿ȥˡ
վ棬ޱؿһУ˵Ҿ;ؿݡ
ô˼Σòˣ޴˼ɬص˵ͷ˽ִ˻
粻׻ֵһôƢҪһûȥֽˣѲҪֱӴ
ɻһ鷿ţЦӯӯ˽ǳʲôϷ
οص˵ͷ㵹ǲ֮һһ⣬˿̿ɸҸޣ˭
Ȼǳ¡ɫһ죬ԭ̽ɣҲûСŮ
츧ƴЦǼңһжҪŮֻϧûԸ
һгָƣΪԼҪʱΪԼãȴӲ˼мŮվˣˡ
޵ͽˡ֣ģ͸Ǵͻ飬һգͰѻ°ˡ
𾪵ؿŻʵۺŷ⴩Լ͵ȹӣ޶ˣһɬؿȻȵط·Ҫ˶Ƶġ
޴֪ԼΪʲô⼸ˣϲ̵ش˴磺ʲô㶰δˣл
æ˫ϥأ磬л϶£պضһһȥãΥԣ㲻ú
ǰؿ÷ôԣ㡣
Ѿ޷˿̵飬˳ҪһЦݣȴ۽ʪʯһ
첻ȴʮֿĵģΪԼĳŮһ£޴ʹɫĬˣ鷿
翴ŵȶŰӣڷſֺϣſûһ
ʵûۿԼҴģһԾӺ뿪鷿ȥˡ
ЦţվԭصЩһһ߽Ⱦһˮա
ʱһһһɾúõعһӣȴûԸӵһ׹Ԩֻ븴ȴԨ棬һ䱦
ֻܿģģ߽ڻһٿQɤֻۣһſھƵġ
һΪ˻ӰգΪԼǵЦңһһεԼ׷Ī
һΣѪŪƣֻΪȫڡصƿˡ
ʹЩڻУԭת˼Ȧֱתͣ£:ڿȢΪˣ
ᣬؿڣС˵:ε˰һڿԴһؼң
Ĵ󺰣һֱſڣսսȻ˿ŻĥŽ£±˼Ǻޣָ촦ڿǶˡ
ſվشĵЦᣬЩΪ˶£ֻԼǲȴһֱ˵ѡԿ࣬ԸԳ
ԼСʱֵĴ鷿߳ڿǣʳǵÿһ䡣
ŻʳȦֱߵĺȫſŹǣ˾蹬
˾蹬ſڣ粻ߣȻѾͻ飬Ͼûʽףܾһͷˡ
ӰʧϹЦݣ˴ţ»ž蹬еĹŮ̫Ժźϲ͡
ЦǵĹϲôһһʹǣ蹬һƬϲ
ھ蹬ԶڰߣָսָǶǽУҧгݵ˵:Ƕʹƾʲô˻ϲ
һϣߵȫˣһСŮûԸź͵͵ܳȥ󸸻ʣû뵽ȴ蹬ϲһ˫񶾵ضıӰ޲ܽԭء
˺һ蹬Ű˫ճȭʮ㣬ȴǽϣરવص
¶ģԼһҪ뷨ӳתͷմߣȴǰһڣǰȥ赹֮ǰһŸ/                        
лҪ˵磺ڴͻˣ
·֮ûҰ
磺
·֮ϱû

 68 

ʱ, ͷģþȫ, ԼʹԴ, ۣȿľԼֱۡ
, ûд·
ˣһž;øⷴθ
һ, æ˶㣬崫һʸУбסԼǻ֮ۼ塣
ǰ*, ˭ҶԱ, Ųűø壡
Ц, ͻȻľ, ŵñ۾ɪޱ˵㻹ΪǸ߸ϵĵչ𣿻ϻĻο
һקַԼ/, Ц˵, Ѿһ޸֮, ܶʲô
ִ޸֮, ŵüųԼ֣㣬㣬㡭̬Զһ㣡
ǣǱ̬˿ϷŹľѣƴĿҧ, һźɫӡӺ³ĻΪ㣬ҵδ޲ԭˣųǾͳף񡭡
ɪʹĲֵʣδ޲رʲô£̬ȻҺˣ
ð㺰˶һƣʱ㻹˵𣿡޿ֵЦʹʲô£Ҹ㣬ҵδޣǡ
ֵ̧ͷȥһǰ֣ŶԶЩ
˽÷һ𳤴֮ǰǾѾףֻŻؾͳףû뵽ȴΧԳ
Ϊ˲ϧԻǰ̣̫˹ϸϸã֪ǰĹºĹΪڸԼͼɱ˵ʵ㽫ɱڡ
֪һ̣һȥҪɱĹȴ⣬˶ʮ塣
գˣҪĹ裬Ȼɱйߡ
ɱģң˿̲ŻָЩǣסɬִӵؿҵĸôɱԼɱӺú룬ݺң˭Ҳ˵Ҳ֪⹬˭͸ң
ƺ˵ˣԺеһ뵽ľǳ΢΢üͷ
ЩҡŵĻ䣬ٽԴ󣬱߾û֮ˣҲ䵽ʲôأ⻹𣿡
ͻȻҰƵĵͺһסڣ㲻ҪͼΪ㺦ˣ㺦ģ
۾ҧһֻ˵ҰޣĲֱۡؿڡСԼ/˺ҧ·Ҫ븹
ҽУȻع㹬ܹˣûһ˻ֻޱߵ衭
ʱû湻ùԹԵģˣʲôеǷѡ
ֻֽס죬ˮĺ˼֣͸ʱ֪ɱˡ
峿ǸΨһСŮ׼ĹϴȴһƬǽ壬Ĺһ˿ҵƬǽ֮УŴССɲ˿ڣ۾һգգضĳΪˡ
СŮǰС̽̽Ϣûãؿڣ׼ܳȥ
һͻȻסСŮɿסŮ죬һɤӺȥⱲӾͳˡ
𺰣ݺݵؿСŮû£ֻһˤˣ㵨ҽ˵ȥҪ֮أļҲҪΪᣡ
СŮֵԲ˫ۣ˵ͷʾԼˣŸоԼϵֱɣæȥ˫ϥء
˼·ϣߵǰʺܿһݸСŮ
ȥҵ̫࣬ҪĿֻҪ뵽裬ͺ޲ʱɱǸҲҲ
СŮĹнӹսսظ˳ȥȾܡ
СŮţԼʵʵֻһױԼɫԵòô㲣ųع㹬ţȥǵ
ʺЩӣۿɼٶȿȥѾҪˣ̧ǵ˫ۣŮʱ΢΢˶
ĸ󣡡ƽĸɽӣ뵽Լһʱſڻʺͷޣĸ֪Ůʲô
ʺ֣ڵ˾ȫȥˣſŽԼֻԼĸǰܺ޹˼ɡ
ŮȻܵ裬ʺս˲԰׵ָ뵽һжǰͣоðݶĹâ
ȻԱŮͱֱݲ㣡
蹬
һգжϲģ£˵϶Цݡ
峿磬վڴںջĵζѾˣ칬Ҫϯ볯
Цӯӯضϴˮϴϣ˸ױţյ
ΪѾͻ飬Ҳѡգ¸³ʮѾؼɻ̫࣬ﻹǿżġ
罫һɰݸЦ˵Ǹɻϲ
ǿԼĺģܾ͵ĶǸνһżϤİϢ
ôϲûд򿪣Щżʣٸ㻻һġ
ֻҪ͵ģҶϲż⣬ӡһǣ򿪺ɰ澲һӨ͸
ǣ빬õΪϣ˵ŮŶδϱһҲһί㣬㲻֪ĸ˭ֻ͸㡣
ɫԵԽ𪣬ס֣ڴߣЦ˵Խʽδŵӡ
ˮʣµĶҸЦ˽ĻȦסԼĻС
Цţѹ˵ھͰȢȥ
ӵ˵һĻ·ô˵Ƶģֱ磬˲ǣֵ뿪蹬ֱȥĴ
ΪǸԲԲĽգʺĸ˶μϯһ׼׵̬ŵĺܵͣģĵȵ˵ĵ
˵Цأǣֽ˴ţ͸оʮֲƵĿ·ҪƵġ
ݺݵضǸ̫໹ûҵԼܵ軹δֻƾʲôҸôҸ
ʺŮļ磬ʾ԰꣬Ϊ˳ϯϯʺŲ壬һʢװϯ
⡭Ҳһǰˡ
ֻûˣԹԵ߹ȥ˻ʺ׵ұߣ˼Զ档
˼ԶЩӣ˲٣ֻĬĬ˵ͷ΢Цʾ⣬κԽصΪ
˽⣬Խ˼ԶԽǱŴУֻѾıʲô춯صĴ£Ҫǡ
罫ȥ˻ʵ۵޹˿̲ߣֻװµӣϯ


 69 

ɺڸǷ׷׵, ĻʺĸԼй󣬰ԼƷһһ
Ա, ҹضѺһЦ, Ůһ͸˵Ǹ
ô, л, ޴Ǽϸɤ͡ϼݵ
ԼǷ׷:μϣ򰲡
ԵʮֿģЦŰ˶, ԼַݳһѹͷĻʺǣһͬߵλ
һһ, ˼Զʼ, ׷ǰϾ, ˼Զһֻϣ˵ʧѾõĴʦƷ, ɼġ
Լһ:ԸҴ, ೤, ˲¡
Цø:úú, ޵ĺŮ
ʵۿٿ˿ԼһʽŮʺеֻ߬ˣһԵĺɡ
ĺɻ⣬ϢشӺ뿪ֱȥŷ
ո뿪, ʹӰ˵Щʲô绺ͷֵ˵˼䡣
ؿ˿ʺԼ濴һ֪˼Զãкһš
ϯһ룬ｻ䣬ŮǶһÿǰһ룬硣
ʳʮϲףȴɻ̧ͷ֪ʱҽͻȻˣҽŮ
Լ֪ʲô˼һʱ˸Ҷ
ҽŮǴӺǿʼһһšԣǰҽŮ֮󣬱üͷһԣȻˡ
һû뵽ԼЩãȥұ˵鷳ȻסҪıˣʺȥֻʺޱ飬ʵ˫ֽճȭгںޡ
ЦʺǺûܽ
ҽŮڵоٵǰп˶һ˸ڻǰ¶ûǳ
Ѿּͻ磬λͳ˵ĺ˭ֻ»֪ôġ
ŭ˲뿪缴ϲ£¶֮˾
Ȼ°빦һͽ¶ĹŮץ˴ϣ˴ǹŮʱӳԾ
ĸӺճŮѰռҶôݵϷ룬Ȼڻʼˣһ˵Ŀŵ
ĺɱж첲Ƶʵ۽ʱʺһ˷粻顣
Թؿһĸ˾Ͳ䵽أĸҲͲʧ˷ִ磬ϯ϶ɱ
һɨһ飬亹乡
㺦ûǷһжãʵǲԹֻΪԼһɰˡ
Ŀ⣬Щɫ׵վҽŮǷڵ룬Ÿк˵ʣ֪ʲôҪһٶؼӺ
ᣬľͷ£ԽʵֱۣӴĸˣⲻ룬ֻᣬȻ֪ǿܲġ
ʾ޴ͣгȫɢȥ֮ǻʼڲ֮£ǳڣʼʧ治˵ó۷׷ס
ڸ뿪ҽҲ׷׸ųȥֻҽŮҽ
춢ö룬ɫʮѿ˵ʺ󣬴£㲻øһ𣿡
Ȼʺ˵ŵĺƴؿͷͷѪһƬϣūһΪʺ޹ء
ߣ뾿ǻʺɵӣ⹷ūΪʲô֪
ȻѾ϶йأǱ㴦˳檾ǡʺɫƽƽֻɫżֲʣ˵档
㣡챻صվԸ˰ʺʧ£ѲΪһ֮ĸʺ֮λ乬
ʣʣϥеʽ£ֻ½ʹģʲĸĺɶһһΪĸ޹أ󸸻ʲҪĸ󣬲Ҫĸ󡣡
˫Ŀһۻʺ󣬷ǽ·ΪԽѾŲǼ·ˣջԣѲǵģǼ·ֻԵòײ࣬һЦ
֪ƾ֮£ԷϺ󣬺οĺѽһеǳǵ֪Ϊ˷Ϻֻ²ưոݣǻűȨķҡ
һˣҲˣʣ֪ĺѾ˵ʺ޹أĻ󸸻ˡʺ
ԼĳŮû˻ֽ͵治ƽϣ
һЦо仰СҺˡΪԼɢˣˣȻ֪ԼʲôҪ˶Դиʱӣÿζоա
Ů˶£˹ȫ֣컹˵ʲôѿڶҪϺ󡱣Ϳˡ
Ǹµĺӣ޵ĳŮ޾㣬ҺΪȡḧỬķ˿һݹǶ·ƵĻʺ󣬡ǵ٣Ҳǣ
лʿһͷ޵ױˣˡ
˼Զɥü۵û˵һ仰¸ʢŭ֮»۵ٱˣȻûиλĿܣ򸸻һ񣬹ȥͬһŻʺȥ
ʺЦһʩʩȻԼһ˫Ůţʧڴ⡣
תͷԼĳŮĨᣬ΢΢һۣ¸¾֮ʣ⹬ֻҪ㿴ϵģʲô޶㣬ɻĸۡµ֮ǰɽɣʱȥʲôģٸĸģӸʶ㡣
ǷǷʣʲôҲҪ߹ս³ԽҪʹͶǾ뽫Щ߹أҲǶһ⣬ϣտ
ʣһʱ˵һļ磬һѿЦݣֿ磬Ů㵨ҶãޣҪ
æһҾϷģǳԳãԼŹԼ
˵ͷת޴ˣڴſڣͷ˿죬һ뿪
˫磬Լϣίˡ
ҲίҡҡͷſԼ뿪ʱįıӰһʱЩۣǱϾףѪŨˮʵǲڲƭ
ǲôܴĸƭȡһ˿˿Ĺϧ
˿ìܼˣԼףһЩΣ޿κΡ
ǶԻϸеΣͨȻЩʲôԺǶТ˳һЩֲ𣿡
΢΢ף磬ֻ뱨ֻ˼ԶõӦеıӦôİղٹˮȵӣս̫пᣬʤǰܣܿն޹İա
ףҶסļ磬°͵Ķͷϣķ˿ӡһǣһжԸǺȡ
ĻУ΢΢۾Ƭ̵ԺиֳһĴս𣬰տ಻ʱʧˡ

 70 

ʺ󱻽, ĵĪ֮, ֻһ˵, ǻʺȴʤƻʺ
Դ֮쳣ģֻڹ, ûϿԼ֮ѡһ, Ƕôһ
ʮִܸɣԺ֮ģЩӺƽ, δ鷢
ĸۡѾ깤˳ȥ˿, һж, ֻ˸ط, ͵Ŵˡ
³һ߹شս, ĮݳǴս˼, ˫Ӯ, սճ־, Գ˱ĮʿǿµʣԽսԽ£ӽڽڰˡ
ڱĮҪݳʱĮͼͻȻսĪͲˣ˵Ҫ̸, Ը
ͼ߹صսͬһʱ䵽ģշеս˵ͼʮѾڻʮصĵطɵִʹ
ڹеĻӣֻʣ˼ˣСȴף񲿹ԱУͼӵ˻ڵĻʼվ
ͼδٺãҪ빬Ļʵ̸ˣȵ飬֪ĻΪǱĮ˰̣ϸֺô롣
콫еڸ󳼶ٽ˹Ӵͼӡ
ͼַϣһĮڣȴˣϣұĮȻ˼µ̣ʤаܣôȥݳǱƣôһƬս֮Уָտɴ֮¡
·ͨΪ׵ڸŭڳԵıĮ̸ģսġ
ͼĿζؿһ磬Ƭ̼ת˵ǲģӦȻұĮʤڼΪڴĳȢǻϿϽ޸ңұ㼴̳̤֮Ѿõǳ˫ַ
һ˲սԼ彣Ƶ޲ʱȥͼͱԴ
뵽һôģľһɻԭ֮ڵسƶ˫ȼܵŭĳǸѹסͼĳޡ
ʲôԾشͼڶʮңƤڣʮֽ׳ʵűĮеĹ¸԰ҪȢҴ볤
ͼ˵·ͨ˵ǿҪñĮʧˣҴ볤Ѵͻδͳ죬վҪˡ
ͼ˿⼸ʮ˫죬ݶŭЦ˵λ⻰ͲˣȻѾͻ飬ȴδ飬Ǿ˵ԾǴ֮ΪβȢ
㣡ûôֱ׳Ҫˣ·ͨһʱúһһ̵ģû뵽˵ʲô
ɫ࣬ɢŨҵɱһԵ޴קֻѾν˹ȥͼ촦ˡ
ףͼʱҡڵ۶ضѾȫĴ㣬ɱҲûá
׹ףͼ޿ֵͺ뽫
ƳһһƴͲһ磬ʾ԰̶꣬תͼҴѾ˼ҵĹȢǾǴ˵Į˵ǲҴҴٲãҲҪ뱱Įָ˵
Ϊ˵Ѿܾˣͼȴ˿ΪһЦĪҼȻˣȻ˴㣬벻ϽңĮٹ֮ݳǣʱͬ˵ͣҲǸġ
˶٣ͼƳһδʵĽ˵ŴʵһĹδͳ죬Ȼģһֺη
ͼתֿ죺Ҹʱ䣬͵ʼվ򡭡
һвζͼתӣҡڵشӴˡ
һߣ㵥ϥأϣ˧Įȫڽ£
ļ磺⣬ֻĮڣֻֻҴһ֮޷ֵ뷨Ӿǡ
Žֱ𣬷·ʱ̻ǿŭһԵĿͻʵ뿪
ڸǣ·ͨˣߵߣʣݳǾǺΣǾмɰգ
Ȼ磬·ͨͼ̬˵һУֻݳѾ᧿Σ
·׸ģ·֮ûµġҧм⼸֣תʹӴ뿪
·ͨıӰԼǸӣҡͷ̾ϢѹܻΪ֪Ⱳֻ¶ҪŮϡ
ͬǣ·֮Ůֻ̫࣬һˡ
ͼ˻ǵϢʱո˯ѣһΪԼ֮С
»˵˭˻ʹȷԼĶǲ⡣
ͼһڼȢһΪôã˲ѵ߹Ѿʧˣ
ص£ǱĮͼ»磬ϢʱѾδɱ˵ֻ鲻ֻǺ̸ô򵥡
һԺʣ֪ͼǣ̸ʲô
»ҡҡͷ:ūŲ֪
˵ĵһСŮ͵͵ؽһţ蹬ſڵһС̫࣬˵Ǹģ˵תܡ
С̫಻ҵ飬ŽŽ޵
üŵһ̣һֲõԤУŷдš֣ĪһϤĸоϤ֮С
ֶüòסţһŲ𿪡
װĳ£Ȼû£ȴ¼أμº׼޸˹£ֻϧУ²ǵһ볤֮ˣˣ¶ԵɻǣƣҪȢΪޡ
˴κ̸ΨһȢ£ǵ¶Դİջһ˿˿ϧڵʼվҹ£һرĮ
꣬ǱƵĽֽ˵ϣֵشȻվϵĲ豭һء
ǰֳָԼڱĮʱϵӣԼΪ˼ڱĮУһĻŶͷС
æǰǵʣ£ôˣ
Ƿյ죡Դ˼˻ƣ˫ۣٿһǷţ㣡
ԣֻöӽǷżյյˣ£յˡ
˿ͣײײؽ޵棬ϵĴˤһء
̴ܽӣʴôˣ
ҡҡͷ¸ոտһžʧأȥ˿ֻд˲ܰµ顣
̴⣬æܳȥȴ˸ƣѾһȥδˡ
ԼĪһյʱ䣬𼱻ǵظڵأʹʧļһۣ߹ȥӽڻ
̴״һͬ˳ȥ޵Źϡ
ˣ¡ѾµΪʲôʧأͼΪȢѾˣҲóѵģġ
ůĻ΢˼֣һֻץס䣬ʧƵģ磬ʲô֪ܸһ
ĻЩĪȴһˣ˵Ҳ
ǣһļ䡣һδ                        
лҪ˵ǰҲ

 71 

ͼȻҲ, ÿüͷü, ԭ, ѹսԣ̴˼, һֱ·硣
ɵ, ģٶҲ޻أ粢δԼĵɻ˵, ңһһжΪ㰲, Ҳ㰲á
ŵ˵ͷ, øЩ, ۾
һľۣļ, ŵ˯, , ΪҴñ, ŵش޵ȥˡ
޵ŵ۾ץסǣȫ־ţǰ̫̲࣬ס˿̾ȥɱͼ
Ȼ, ͼǸܴҡڣֻʮǣѾȫĴ㣬ʱɱ֮ߡ
ͬһطֶˣѵ׽Ū
δ뿪̴Ϣؽƺ˯ˣϨĹϣ쳤ܲԣ̫Զ
һҹǼһ֮Ѱһһֱû˯ãԺظҪ˯ţǰͻֱĮУһУ̾ͱѹ
ԼѾͻ飬ٹҪ飬ʱ򸸻ʾԲٽ׵ġ
һ˵㸸ȥףҲһߵشӦˣҲ磬Լܹзߡ
ɵʮֵǣһжأ룬֮ȥأ
峿ǶܴĺȦģ޾ɵھ蹬Ϣ
ϣͼЩĻҪ׼ʱȣ·κ̸ʮģҲ־ڱصá
ȴʼղϱ̬һֱڴ̫ͼ˵졣
ͼûеõԼҪĽʮŭ뿪ˣصʼվȴԼһ֮͡
ͼЦ˵ⲻǴķ̫ӣôпܹ
˼ԶԼƵĸԼһ裬һڣ˵ǰͬĮһʽס
Ŷͼ۾һת˲ţѾϷ̫֮λʲôף
ͼ֪˼ԶһǴδĻʵۣһƲҲûŪ
㲻Ҫ𣿡˼ԶսЩ˵ǱԸ豾ࡣ
ͼƴЦ֪˼Զ˼û뵽߱λ֮£Ǻܶθڡ
Цʲô˼Զõüͷѵ㻳ɱ
ǡǡ෴ͼЦ˵˵飬Ҳ´Ը
ôĮǴӦˣ˼Զβסϲãģձλض뱱Įá
ͼЦˣͷǴӦˣȴţҪôΪĮĸҪ˼ԶҪѹ˼Զ̧ͷ
һ˼ԶҰĲԼãĴսİͼľһֱսս
걱Į󺵣Ұͼ׼ʱ룬ݳ֮һ·£ƽǡ
ϻλ˼Զˣͼ̸˵ǽĳ͵Įף׶һͬģǧʳ
ͼ뿪Įʱ̫ãĮѾ˲ˣټʿеˣʿþգӦ˼Զĺ̸
û뵽˼Զȴ壬ֻͶٵʳƵñĮòʳսڱĮʿ˵սǿǱҪҪĶ
˲ϳ⣬ʹ⣬Ѫ޶㵽ͷϣĥ
һΣͼĮ£һȢõõˣһ˼ԶӦеĴۡ
ͼͷӦ˼ԶһϲűĮӹȻͷԼ֮ͽ걱ĮȻͼɱһ˰ˡ
˱ϴ˽ףȴ̸ֶ̥˾ϸڣ˼Զ뿪˻ʼվȥ׼ˡ
ھ蹬һ죬ҲûϢţξҲӦԲˡ
ҹʱ֣΢磬޵ڣһ̴Ͷȥˡ
ڴؿзӣ
罫ڻУһЦģһΣҶܰί
ȻѾ֪ͼĿģҲ֪޿ֵԵɣ䲻⣬ʵһ˷ӡ
һʥּΪԪ˧ƴоȨҹ֮뿪ǣٶȸݳǣ߹бĮһֲ
˽һʱ䣬͵͵εͼһ·ŵİװýʿ档
ڻͼ뾡һзӽڻǶЩӣֱ߹شݣʱڻǵĽǣӦͼ
һУ뿪֮ǰվ᲻òȻ󼴿̸ݡ
˵͸ıһУͻȻЩжһڲǸ׸ؼʱ̾ͱˡ
̧ͷԣӳȫżĴ
ͱǼҶ೤˺޲ܴ˿̾ӵжԷȴ֪ʱǸʱһǱϣˡ
ΪԻͼһԼа˷ƵĽʿݣֻҪǷǳ׽֮ˣԲֱó
źԼҹ뿪ǣҹͣظݡ
ΪԼ棬硱˵ʼվܽ˼δɱȻʧܸգĮһͨЦ
Ȼһгˣǲ֪ģ˼ԶͼĽ׼УѾһоֻǵġ
һеĹؼΪԼĮ̸Ѿþû˹ʹҲ˽˽㣬ڹߡ
磬黹գͻȻھ蹬һľʧ룬һž͹ؿ˵㣬֮ǰòԣˡ
ſ޳˵޶ԣδ͸һԹԵһ±Ŀ
㡣ϥŵ£ĸۿſҪˣԸǳߣȫ
⻰Ͳˣȥǡû۾Э֮ˣûǸȨ
ԹĿɨһԽ˵һۣǺϼƺõķӣֻڲƭʵ֣ãֻѾĸ˵¡
㣬ĸĴδҪӺ㣬Ǹĺǳıӵݺĸ󡣡ģƽյ˼֣ĸ˵Щͬ˵ٲ˵¾ˡ
ſ׼ֻҪ˳ͻᱻҩΣʱѾȥĮ·ϣ첻Ӧеصزˡ
뵽ЦǿԼʵ뷨һʹӡ
Цʺʲô뱾˵蹬˵
ôҲϵֻʹɱﵣĸ˵ĸйء


 72 

⻰, һɨһ, 󱳷ë, Ծس˳ǣЦȴȿ޶ѿ
ѵԼȻʺ֮й˿𣿡޶, Щż, ĸ˵Ȼʺ껳ʱһֱܺ, ֪Ϊʱᡭ
ˣԼĸףһֶ, ĸ, ȥǡ
¶Ц, һţñڵȺ㡣
ȥ, ̴Щż˵, ֪Ĺ, ΪҪȥ
Լϴ, ˵ЩܹҪģǶ㲻ȥģȥƣҿҪЩʲô
̴ǳĿСĹ۸ˣ˿;ë
ʰ׵, ߳ѵùţ˳˵磬ˣضвɸ˵Ŀġ
̴ʹˣüͷ̴֪йҲѾͷȥɹʵס
һת̴⼸ƺˣСãҳŽ㲻ȥȥȥͻء
̴һ۳Լ˵ͷֻε˵ǣū֪ˡ
һ©ٳĽڲƭŻṦ̴ģǸɵҲ֪
Σʱ㵽˹ſڣһ۹ſڣȻһڵţʮĵߵĽǰ½Ρ
֪л֮󣬱ߵ˹ſڣһ˲䣬һȥ˹ȥ
һʾŪϣֽ֮һȥ򸸻˵ĹŻʺҪ˽Գǲֻȥϡ
ʿ̹һҾ׳ʲô֮󣬱ɿȥﱨˡ
Ϊм䲻˼Զֻ֮˼ſڽˣδ˵ǽ˭һ˱Ϊӵľˣ̼ˡ
Զۻ£ĹȻûаģҪڲƭȥ
ϣӦǻʼվ˵ֻϧҲǰǸۣʲôСˣʱһ㣿
ʼվһȻ֪ǻʼվס˭ĹȻ뱱Įᣬͼݺ»ȻҪĹĵĹ̫ˣ
޷Ȼ˿ȥ˻ʼվͿδ¡վڹſڣ΢΢ʱ絶˶ɱ֮⡣
һ˼ԶԸһȻԼ͵͵ȥͼضͼֻǲ֪ͼĽס
һߣһ߽鶼Ժеõһ𰸡
˼ԶڹУʺûʲôãпܱţͼȡͼ֧λֻ֧֣ǹЮȷѪꡣ
˼ԶҪıˣһ˿˿ϲãΪӣֻıܱѾʼԼԼˡ
ſڵɿܵ鷿֮ǰ飬Ըһֲ
ɻԱߵ޴˽Ĺع㹬ôܳȥ
޴æϴūŵĴ
Ҳ˲üƽϴ˿̵˭Ĵ˽Գϵʲô鷳Ժȫˡ
һԱߵġ硱Ը:ȥ˴ǷֱӴ˴ߡ
硱һҾ:ǣȥ
˺ܿ˹Ǹķ׷ȥ־ȥʼվڰԼһ׷
ʼվסĶǸʹһпѣʱ̶пսΣա
ֱӽ˻ʼվ࿴һĮ˽Ѿȥ˶¥ƿһ˽ȥ
ֽһṦѵ£¼ϣɻ϶ᡣ
Ȼȥ˻ʼվĻǱĮˣŭ𣬿֪ǹˣⱲӾˣΪ뱱Į˼桭
Ȼδţܽ
ҴҶһ鷿Ҫȴֹ˶ȥ
ЩεؿŮ:ô˵Ҳãɿϰ
Ϊô˵̧Լ峺׵ȻǶãҲ
޾֪ǸúӡοЦЦ£˽Գȥ˻ʼվ޿ֻܽ
ΪȻͼҪףض˺ΪԸʲŻȥİɣ롣
ΪԼЩѾһظʶԼѵõ飬û뵽ֹؼʱȻΪȥĮˡ
Ȼʿڣȥʼվôɫƽƽϲŭ˶˵ֻͼԶѾãȥزֻͼȥĮˡ
վԼ˾ǷףͼԭҪףⲻ뻢ҪջԼĻʸղſǷף㻹Ǳȥˡ
ͷȻһЦʷģὫô
ԶˣæһһվŵĽʿһۣȥϣλްȫǶͷ
ʿȾܣṬеĽֱӸȥʼվ
طʱʼվǰ󶼲˽İڣࣺ˿гȥ
ҡҡͷ·ģԴĹȥ΢ͽסһ˶ûн
ܺáص˵ͷȻͽȥƣⱱĮĹΪ
ֱ߽վ棬Ŷ¥нյţĮǴĳѰá
ˣͼǰһĺһǸδ޹˵ֻ˼Զ²˵˽ȴá
ȻûԴһһμͶı䣬·ħһ
ڴûѣϵ·룬ȻδַܵҲ֪ԼΣ֮С
ͼһʾԼӣ̶߳ţͬʱһʵЦݡ
֪¼٣ʧԶӭͼ¥ߣʼձЦݣ´̸˵𣿡
ͼһ˫һ۾뿪ֺһʱѺΣȴ̴棬Եߵ˼Զĵ
һһδĹձ֮й֮޲ƣ뵱ֱˡ
ѹҪ嵶֣һЦ˽Գн˵˻ʼվĮҴĹͶϣҲʧ׵ñ¥뱾һͬȥ⣬øʳȫ
ͼɫ䣬վ˾һԶĵط⻰¾ˣǴĹӲ̸⣿˵⣬ֻԳ⡣

 73 

, ̲סһ㼦ƤʵǱĵزǳ
ͼǷʱ, һʱʧ, Ĺ£Թȥ
˿վ, ͼ, Щ־ģֿ־Կ˷Խʱ, ԽѹƵסͬ
ô, ǵ¿Ǻ, ¼ܴ̾»رĮ, ҳŵ֮겻ٽ롣ͼѭѭգ, ˿̵ֻһһ֪СѾͷ, Ҫ, »Ϊ, ֻ谮һˡ
Ƭ½ϣĸҵĻʵ۲檳Ⱥ󹬼ǧ˵ʵ۲ں֮£ȴȻü
ͼΪԼһ˶Ĺ˵Ǻġ
𣿡ǿԼ, ǿһЦݣǻҪллĮ˿رֻϧûǸȤ
ûϵеʱ뾫ȴ¡ͼҲҲգһЦǵ»ת⣬˼ʱߡ
л˵ĮشĻ룬֤֤֤˻ʼվΪʲôӣֻίһ±Įվˡ
һ£һӣŵĽ̽ʼվĽǽ䶼Ѱһ飬ȴһ
ͼЦ˵²⣬ҲίֻҪҪģ¶㣬ֻǹΪ¾ίǴأΪһС󣿡
δѹ˵ʲôԴȥѲ顣
ԣ˹ǣ˵Ҵûȥⶼ뱱Į޹أΪǱǰ͸ûбҪ֪
ͼЦſһ˶¥һ޿ֵ飬һʧǸͷܴ󣬵ʵӺܼ򵥵Ѳ鲻
ϣֻһӣʹӱĮҳѾ˴˱Į˵ӣ˺磬ѹַЩʿûҵ
ǸˣôԵĹߣֻƽһֱӱڼ¥
ྐྵҵͼɫ˱䣺ĹȻµһĪǿұĮĸ
⻰˵ÿνʮֲˣһЦĹǱĮģĮɷѿģͻȥʣ˼һˣȫĮȭȭ⡣
˵꣬Ը˵ֱ֣Ӵ˴ӿջ뿪ĮǹȻûһ˸
ཫԵһƥϣɿظϻ˻ʹ
ͣ˹⣬һ·ѾѹһʱŴȻҳ̧һƣܶĽʶر졣
ˣȻѾˣԼ߽ȥ˽ԳŻˣԼȥʽͣΪλڻʼվɡ
ʲôԼȻڻʼվһϵڵأһѣڨڨȻԼվ㾹Ʊҡ
עôʣĿ絶ɨ֮ƽҹȥͱսͣ͸øʽͣΪ뱱ĮϵҪڲƭȥʼվˡ
вȻã˵һԵظֱӻ˹
鷿صŲӣ˴̽˼ζûŮϢʮֺԼȥʼվ
ΪһŮһŮ˽ȥǿǺã
طƢֱ޴С˵Ĺˣһ˶æӭ˳ȥ
һ񣺡ʣʹôˡ
˵áǸεؿŮ˵ˡ
࣬Ҷȥ磬δʲô֮¡ϵı鵭ģȻѾЩˣȥϢ
ãȥúϢæͷӦʼնûһۣԶˣһԼȥɣٳִ£޾ģ
飬Ҳҷֱһ䣬ֻӵһתԼع㹬ȥˡ
ص鷿ȥ˼Զ뱱ĮǷϵΪڻʼվżȻĪǸĶӣҪգᱱĮλ
ǡɴɱ
뵽һ֮ڶһҪϸ£Ȼ
ǣ룬ôӣҲ뷨ʰˡ
蹬ڣ˶ڵƽһ
Ѿźϴˮϴϣ·Żص޵Ъš
ʱ»£ūץסһھ蹬ػεĿ֮ˣʣһȤ顣
ذ뿿Ŵ齱ߣЩ᲻Ȥʣ㵹˵ǺȤ֮£
»ЦЩ߽Щѹ˵Ĺ߹Ůδֻųȥͳףû뵽ȴϢ㽫ԼԹΪ̫࣬ɱ֡
˰ŵۣǵǸ֮ˣھ蹬⣬ĪΪɱ֮ˣ
ǸȤĵط»˵ʲôûȥĹع㹬һϣĹ裬Žˮõ˵µͷϡ
һʣǺʱ飿
ǰա»ʵش𣬡Ĺʵ֪
ףΪλʺҪ׾ӵֶΣȲ϶ɱԭǽܵ裬һԵͷϡ
ʺΣͻȻʣҽô˵
ūҽ˵ǻʺﲡɽǿҪˡ»̾Ϣһʵĺ޲¿Ҫȥƣ
ûȥһʺĸˣ޲ɱ֮죬ʺ˲ʡȥ鷳Ǹ뷨ӽϡ
»׵²뽫£ͨϣȥˡ
̴һڣĹӦãǹֻѾڲƭ˻ʼվ
ǸͼԹѾãΪ빫׵ģǱƭʼվ֮ᷢʲô̴ֱ붼롣
˵µǱǷɽձȥǳƽˡ
֮ǰǷģɻǷţ
峿չƸʹӹֱ̧˾蹬鲢ÿһƸ׼ġ
Ƹһһ̧Ц۽һֱҵüңڴԶݳǵܹ쿪ʤ
ʮġ
Ƹʰ꣬ѽƻ裬ˣŮҸЦʮοԼͻ磬ֱһޱȷľ
Ƹ̧ͷǷǷݼʣ򰲡
ضɡãŮԺĿƸ񣬾ǶԵĴͻ飬޵Ҫˡ
һЦĬֻ븸ղ粻ڣ֪յĻ񲻹߸
ǹֻҲ˳߹ȥͼʲô£ǲԤϵġ

 74 

³ʮ, ķ紵һ˵, ĺ
ԭӦǻֵһ, δ˴飬ͬ, ɾڳĽӹгʱ, ӭ˱Įһˡ
ͼŵˣ׳һѵֵôһվ, ŵðȫ͵ҡ
ô, ظ⽿޶, Ŵ, ϼϷҲҪ, ˿̸о޶ͣ, һۡ
һ, 㿴һ, Ⱥаγذ׸һļһ촽һ̣û
̴ǰæ£տ޵ӣͷ¶档
һЦڽ, ǰġ硱˵ҵģ߾ǡ
硱ϰԵҪӦͻȻʶԼ˿̵ݣޱص˵ͷһͬһۡ
⣬̾ŵǰͼŭǵ˽մ飬ŵЩף
ͼһڣЩ̽ĽΧ˿ûò˼
*ֱͼţܵĽҲ׷װ*ʮŭĿӡ
ͼЦ޿ֵʣ︱ͳ죬ҶԹ£ԹµЩʲô𣿡
·Ϊӡ֤Լţͼ߽˼֣ԼüľͶĵ⣬ƵĹ˹ǡ
ȻҶʲôһٵˣȴƣһֱ˵ˡ硱ǰ
ͼ̧ͷˡ硱˫۾һûϹսֿǻᣬܾǰˣ͵ǸսϰҲߵǸͬЩ
ССһͳ죬Ȼ磬Լ̫𣿡ͼԼϾͿѹϵġ硱µҪôֹ
ͼĻδ䣬һҾ徵ĽתͷȥԼһһ˫Ѫֹ۾ڵϰ
ӽд㱱ĮֻǴϹһ˫۾Ǳˡ
ͼ֪˵²ܣʮһģҳһµģԼ֮¡
˿ˣǲҲţͼŵϵһЦлл¿һ
۵ֱôԸֻǿʹڵϣ˵л¿
š硱Ҵ֮գǵҵ·ߣһɰı۴
硱΢΢ͷһЦ·ģվˣҲǽᶨˣ
硱תͷͼ¶һ׼ʽЦͼһë˵ԼžȻССˣôᡣ
硱ЦȻԼ彣ͼĲм䣺ôţҲǻǣ߹ؼʲôҲȴţôõǡ
ϱýŲӣʮ׷׾˹һԡ硱죬޲ɱ֮졣
硱ȴеĽֱƽ˼֣ۿžҪмѪˡ
ͼʵû뵽Ȼϻűһʱ⾹һʮ߰ˣԭһ̴ѡ
˶ÿ򡭡硱вζʮؽֵݽ˼֡
ͼҧźԼ˵ÿط
ʮĥĥ䣬鲻Ըÿ˵طӭ׵Ķִ½Ĺȥ
ֱſڣ硱ŷſͼڶڹſڣеıߺ⣬ֻ˿Ϳһ
ͼȻʶʱߣߺ޵ؿš硱˹ţȴһʱûзӣֻܴ˻վ
һžͿ˼ԶڵѾ˺ܾãͼӻǲ
ϴεǱûпȫñǸͷԼ򵥵ȥ죬һ˼Զ˵ǵǸȴû˿ԼڵǸľһֺǱǷģ󶨻Ჹ㡣
Ҫôܽһ£ͼû˵֪ãⲻǴùѿ
ΪηǵҪɣ˵Ҫչû⣬þǵճ˼ԶϴγɣԼһĸͬã̾ܽ͸ϣֻҪϿɱ
ͼûмûƤûûе֮ˣЩ˵סˣû˵һ仰
˵ˣֻҪͼƳһ˼Զһʱ˵ҪǸˣȥɱ˼Զ
˼ԶǰͼԼ嵶¶һĪЦݡ
ҪҲǲܡ˼ԶһЦԼõһǰ˽ף۶գһ£ضи֮ǰȥС
ͼ˵ͷ:д⣬Ҷǲıϡ
һЦͬͬ/ı顣
ĴȻͼһԲӰ֣˳˳ؽˣ˻ʵۺһڴ󳼡
ۻʱ»Ҵ߹:£ŴҲˣˣūԭ˸˸Ŵӣ˦ˡ
ᣬʲôʲô֪˼ԶͼṴᣬһ㶼ϡ棬ȥһҹСЩ
»һҾ:ǣūˡ
Ϊ˶ĿǺͼٰ֮һǵĻ鷿һžɪڴߣĺܴ࿴Ƶġ
ʱûиԼʲôȥˣ֮ģ岻ڣһֲС
֪ϢʱԭڳǰֻƵ˵˼䣬罫˸ð̣սĺ£Ȼ
ڡ硱ǾЩЦϾǽʿҲȥˡ
ڴϣ˯ðΰ֮䣬жһѹ硱ɪͬһλã·δ
ߵߣ:ʲô
硱۾·δ˯:£Σȥ
㲻ȥһקס׼ҹǱ綴ôܳȥʲôӣ
硱ֻùԹԴԭأ򶷵ӺȲϵƽϢվڳߣ˶ˣһҶ
ȫ:£ˣ˼ӣʣµĶܣʾ¡
ԼɤžǸոƵ:˺ȵ̫࣬Ѿ˯ˣЩȥΣ󡣡
ǣ΢ȥ˵껰ת뿪
ûΪԷǼٰ磬κβٶû˿֮
˵:²¿Է˭
硱Ҳ֪Լ˵֪ǲֻ֪ǸعһҾĬ
ӵˣͼ˼ԶץĶ˼Զ£Ѿصվԭͼȥ˼Զסû뵽Լ㱻Ⱥ͵Ľˡ
ͼ˼Զ뿪ıӰҧгݵһ:ȥɸ봫߹أҪٶ´룡

 75 

ԭĵյݳ, սĻҪпض࣬ͼһļ, Իս
һ·Ͽ, ӵӣݳѾΪһ, ڴϷɳ۶, ɪĴֻĻ
˶˼ɣ״в£·֮, һӭ󽫾ſڹ˺ѹѹһƬ
ʮ, һ, , ĸߴ࣬˫Ŀ档
ֽ׷, Ǹѹ˵:Ǹ, , , ҲսʧߣŵôʿͰղ
أ˶ǲߣֻ·֮ŹعһҾ:󽫾ǧô˵ս, ֻݳơ
·֮˵ͷ:˵ûαĮڣȴڿҪݳʱͻȻ֣ͣ˵Ҫ̸Ҳ£ֻͼͼ
´һ·ּ֮²ˣҲ׳ʵˣ뵱ڻϴĹ֮
ᵽһ:̸Ϊ˳
ʲô·֮ɴ˫ۣ˼ؿ磬ǻϴӦˡ
ȻΪսǷľ뿪ʮ⣬ˡ
еĺٴ:бڣϽԽң㲻ܸġ
ڱ߹ݴ˼£·֮߳սõϢˣ˷ܵһļ:СаСүҲ˼죬Ͱѳ¹ջؼˡ
·֮ԴΪάԼʦһֱҧĽ֣ĿͣκµӡһΪסʶ֮ʿ
˿һģһ䡰СүԭΣһ̲סüͷ
ᵽѵõЦЦȫû⵽Ա鲻õס·֮ļͷֱ˳
벻ͣЪظһĿǰսû뵽ӭ˶ӣһ:μӶ¡
һԺԾӣȴưشڸУƲȥӻϷΪ󽫾ȫȨձȨʥּɼж಻
ô룬˼ɱɲԣһЦ:ԭδˣŶҪƺδ󽫾һ·Ϳ࣬ЪϢһ
ܾ˶µġ⡱Ŵ˵:£ϼȻóƹܾȨЩҪ˵ǰ棬Խ𣬶ǲڳǱɳȥ
⻰˼ɵѽǧУɱȴ˿ֳ
һ˼ԭǱűʤľģû뵽ԽԽңĮǣűߡ
ҲǸˣһֱ꣬δκ˷Ƣ˵ûУʼάԼƵı档
û뵽ĵؾӪ·ȴɱ磬̴ˣһǣǴӮˣҶ֪֮Ӯģ˭ǵ˼֮ǰͿ
ڻǸʾͶٰţȶӻҪãǼλӼ綼óƺһδˡ
˼һֱǸ˽ӣɿһֱû֤ݣǰյõǵϢʾȻͻ磬ǳ״ͷ
˼ﱾͲˬ˰ֳ״ֱһӻûйԱ߸ಽ·֮ףһ顣
ʱ˱˵ǰ䣬ǲ֪˼ɽеŭ𶼷йϣľʦôڡ
Ϊ˱Ƚֱôһһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôɫǵͨ졣
·֮һ:£δ󽫾ǴŻϵʥּǰȾٴĵӣҲΥʥ
һ䡰Υʥ˼ɽĻȫɤһ켦ëһܣõطȥ
׻ǹֵ:Ͷ¡
粻ֱǰȥеŸرսĽʿǡ
·ϣ·֮߷߲ƽ˵:ЩսҪõģδ͸¶ģɶɰٰӣҪ̸ֽݳҲҰˣ
ԴˣٲµһЩζ˼ɵֶ˼֡
һ·ߵǰ˼ʮ˵㱨ˮû˵Ϻȣֱ˵˻㱨꣬ɫѽƻ衣
ȥЩƣ۵ذۣԼĶͷȥú˯һ㾫һٽȺΪױĮ״ˡ
ʱ·֮֨ҽе˵һﲻͦװôǰ©Լıԣ
ɻߵ棬һӢ쪵Ů·֮Ķ䣬ͣƨɣüôһ˭۸
ҪǰͻȻŮ˵:㣬ҶűŮ˿𣿡
ȻˣתԼӼ˼ڤսȥˡ
ƳڲԶ·֮æ֣Լڿ֮Уû뵽ǼһȻûֱˡ
ǸްĥźıӰһĻˣСˣ
Ůһ:ʲôҿ
ˣˣҰɡ·֮ʶʱΪܣ̡еͶˡ
⻹ࡣŮףƵĿףһӢ
·֮ϴŮҲʮִȵزƽˣһֱֻϣյЩжƵıˡ
ߣҵȥŮ·𵶣Ե·֮СƵġ
·֮Ͱ͵תͷһ緽վŵĵطӰûһǸһȻûؽ֮ˡ
·֮һһǿջЦظŮ߽סԺӣһ޿
Ů׵СŮο£ź·֮һǽųģʮΪ֪ô·֮ˣ棬ȻԼ·ٷˡ
·ֱ֮пԣСŮˣĸοһ㣬ģȻ޿ޣɱڵı飬Ѹͷֱȥ·ˡ
Ů˰һŮ׳ʿʮֻɣݳڣοµֹ֣Сҹ䣬һϵеһƴ
ױˣδŮʮ΢ʣܾһҶսɱУʬĽʿŮ޸һ޸֮жʲô
״˱ʮֺƣ˵һˣһ·֮ͱӲǱӣ۲۵ģôϲҲܲסŮϲ
ο¶ԴˣԼĵ͵һӲܴ̣˼Ҷ˲Ҳս˼һ飬սָսɱöˡ
ױŮ仰ҭ˸ȥŴ׷·֣֮ǱСӽŵĨ͸ˣΪŮЦ˰¡
·֮ο°ϰקؽ׵Ժӣһ²֪ıһһƿο¡
·ܾ֮۸һ𣺡ˣο£ǸŮһ۸ңһ쿴Ҳ˳ۣôţǼҼﰡҸ㣬ο£ӽСүԶһ㣬Ҳ㣬ףô˵Ҳǻľʦٸõ׷ԣ
*й꣬·֮ҿǸŮʲô飬ת̤뿪׵ԺӣصԼסû׷ɱ͵ؽŹϡ
غһԼؿڣԼܵÿ죬ʹ죡
ǸŮ۸ôʱ䣬ֻˣȻ򲻹ôϹˡ                        
лҪ˵磺Ƿˮתһｵһ·֮ԸҵĻأôûã
·֮Ƿ׳ʿú

 76 

ڴǰ, ս˼ȴƮ˺Զ, ͼ;ɱ, ӡ
, ׵׵Ļ, ôˡ
̧ͷѾдԲŴ˿̵, ֪ǲҲһڿͬһ
տʼҪȫĵͶ뵽ⳡս֮, Ҫݳס, ҪѾʧȥĳǳء
Ѿűȥǲصľ, ֻҪüʱҲñõ, ⳡӦúܿͻ
ҹ, Լһ, ˿̵, ʲôȥ롣
ͬҹ£¹Ժ΢縡Ҷڵ°߲ӰӣǿƮĵѪζΪѾ꣬¾á
ŵһɱ, ͼ˼Զӵˣĸرֻ½Ĵ룬Ʈҡ֮С
ԼĪһʱ糾͵ػˣһ˷ܵ˵¹ȻͼȷĮ飬Ҫݳ⣬ݳǣѱ΢£ô
ˮɫлع񣺡Ҹģ֮ˣдһԭ·ȥĮ˵ͼڴһаãһжݻ
Ӧת뿪ֱȥҽóģ±֮ˣдһţԭķɸ봫˳ȥ
˹߰գͼûеõκϢڻʼվתߵһһεش̽ǰҪֱȥ뻪İ׮һƾ
գǴϢǻˣɫص˵ϣ֪Ϊǵȫˣ׮Ѳڡ
ʲôͼֱվŴ۾·ҪƤ˵һ飡
ϣˣǺü׮˶ˣҶԷֶ֪ʦкδŵͨһֱӹڵϣ۾ҿϡ
ͼԽԽô͸Ź죬뽫ڻǣӡϹӣôضǱ߹б䡣
ˣϵˣͼֱߣԼе׼ҹ뿪ǣԸű֮ˣȥ֪ͨ˼Զ˵½ҹҪ뿪ǣ뷨ӡ
˷ɿԾҹɫУԾ㲻Ӱ
ͼȫ˼ԶСˣҹɫǣߵſڲԶĵطȻ
Ϊոմ鲻ãŵøи˳ŵļˣ˶ڳţƺȶˣ
һ˵:ϣи̴ȥ
ͼҡҡͷһֲõԤУȻǰճ飬ǱϾǵ۶رиǣǸʲôӣ
ʮԭصԼĪаʱ㿴ˣȥ˼Զﱨŵˣϻһˣϸһƾ֪ǸŮӡ
Ȼʲôϧ֮ˣϵŮصˤڵϣϣ·ȥӱţʱŮſڹģˣϴǼģǴĹ
ͼһϲʲôʲôſ˯ŵЩˣǼܼܲЮĹУ
˼Զô˵֪˼ԶǸСˣͼ˿̻ϣԼ߱λﱱĮһѡ
˵Եȵȣ׼֣ƺҲ֮ʣԽԽС
쵰ͼ˿ôҲܽ⣬ίڵصһۣԼ»飬
һˣͼֱԼһĽ˿̲໰ֻԺнͣһѽ˯קҸ£ſȥ
ˤڵʱѾˣһĻŵֻܼװΣ˿̱ͼҸ£һζֱ꣬ŻȴֻǿţڴЩ˽ͷˡ
Դӻʼվȥʾһֱع㹬׼벽ֻһСŮźԴöȣһŲ׼
ع㹬ĶСŮʰʱСĻָûκӰ죬պѰûܳû뵽û֣ǱⱱĮץˣڲ
һʮߵ£ͼͷһᣬ̾мǰͼϢ˯ĴԶس˯ȥ
ϻδǰǼȻ۾еıͬʱʣʱͿһĮ
ͼû뵽ԼвõԤоȻ棬ΪŭϵĵЩĨȥ˿ôŭ죬Ҳɱ
ͼҸ£оɢɱ̲סһ
ͼоһЦ˾͸Ͻۣٸһףԭֳǰһ˿̡ҿαˡ
һһȴֲҲֻۣûƿһ۾Ϳ뱱ĮɱһĮõ£Ѫأŵü
ס֣ס֣ס֣ĮЮˣȺūſ𣿡£ʹԼȫ仰
µĽ뱱ĮĺӰ죬׷֣ͣسǵС춨ȥͼЮֵģɲĹ̺ͣ֡
С춢ͼ˵ĮſĹһһ·ǵ˺һëұضǺ뿪ǡ
ͼһЦϵĵ˵ݣһƬôĿǾù¿ǵֿ죬ǹµĵ졣
Сҧźһ˷ɿȥţȻתͼĮл˵ſĹҪʲôҶԸ
¿ܺƭ𣿡ͼЦЮ߽˼֣ǽ˵Ƕʮƥǳǣֻһʱ䣬¾ͻȶǹһָơ
Сһ˼ԣֻһʱ̫̣ûҵȥ׼뱱ĮԵȡȥ
һȥˣ˲ҷԼеı뱱ĮŭĿӡ
ʱ䣬һһεعȥţСʱ
ڼžҹԵøĮΪĸǣһǰһĵطȥ
ͼȿǸ˿ףԵӢˬŮǿλض˵Ůˡ
һڽͼǰͣ£ݵͼе˵ĶٲԼá
˵ĮҪˡǳһЦ߸ĺڷǹһְһϡ
Ƹ֮еһ࣬ò䣬ħֻűԼǿ
ǵҪлл£ˡͼҲǿͿ˵һķŶĴ³νͣǰս˵´飬»ͣǹⲻȥ
ǳǳһЦؿ㻹ΪҴʲô׼ûУ͸װЩӣвͬĺ̸Įʱ棿
ͼͫ;ԣ˿ô˵ŷӦͲڻˣ˿̻Ѿ˱߹أ߹صţҪô£Ҫô
ͼ㽫ҧˣԽеҪ뿪ܺã


 77 

׼һ, ȴ㲻ڹµϡͼ, Ź뿪, ÿɾҪ촦ˡ
·һܺЦ, һɵƵͼ, ˵㣬һҪıãñںñĮ, Ȼ棿
յؼҪۣ⻰, ŭȻԱ, ҲŹģ
һЦ, δȵвϣʱ, ־, ܳв˵, Ĺ
ѾԸ뱱Į˷ϻ, һӣĽ̷ӵͼΧס
ؽƼĹһҲûУ̴˼ս֡
Եɱʼͼɱ, κû˿ᣬΪ˸׸ɱôֲ
һԱһҲǻ˽У
һֱûͼڽİΧȦ࣬ʿúۡ
ͷƳ飬֪ʲôȥɣؽͼ׽
û̹ȥɻʣΪҪ׽£ɱǵˣѵҪö˶˵طŻرĮ
Լ±з߿ЩԵüΪ
ƽϣ˵׽ʲôȥ󽫾
Ҫȥ󽫾۾ˣ׵µ˼תŵͼɱȥ
ؿǰɱŵϱѪȾ죬˼ȴƮ˺Զ˵ҹһɱнҪȥݣȥĴ󽫾
ʱ󣬱ĮѾȫֻͼڸ翹İΧȦ£Ѿǿ֮ĩ
Ƴһ۱ˤһ½ʯͷϣºܳһѪۣҲѪһƬټһ˫ȼų֮˫Եʮֹ졣
£Ĺô죿ؽЩΪѵʡ
ͻعȥĿⲻϣ߸ʣ˵Ĺ뱱ĮȽᣬ˽ԳӻرĮȥŶˣĮ֪󽫾ڻһҲ߸ʣжᡣ
ԼѪգԹصȻ˵룬Ƕĵͼ
ЦȻأ˵ҹΪ˸ͼţ˽ܳģأԼ𣿡
ôģ˺ôܻΪ룿ĻӦú޲ǡ
ҹΣǰû㡣Ըٶ˵һسǽ죬콫ͻȥ
ǽ첻Ļʲô˼ҲΥ˼Ըȥ
գ۵ĹѾͼĽʵʵĶ˵һ䡣
ڳЩӣ΢Щ˽ģ׵ôΪ˻ϻδ˲ڻ֮Ĺ͸¶Įġ
Զɣض룬󽫾һ£֪Ĺ׽ֿܴӻߴ̽Ϣģֻз̫ӡ
ǣ̫ӣϲһЩȴö˵ģضʲôõĽ֣ʲôϵأ
ͼһѪĭӣѿһЦһӥû뵽ձӥۣϹµĸԸҹѰ£ǲ᲻ù뿪
ͼ賤ԱߵĽ¶˳ӵĿ⣬ŭգһȭҹȥԭ˵ᵽһߣѪһء
ͼظкܣҹҶˣȥúЪϢһȴûһ㣬Ž˵һ磬Ǿʹͼȥݳǡ
ص½ĸֻۡ˯˲ʱɫ̴˵޹ӹּæϴ
޴ǻϵĿͣ¼̽
Ҵױϣ̴Ըʰ׼뿪ȥݡ
ߵ鷿ʱ¹ĳЩǿ׷¶ӵĿ⣬޴ôˡ
޴̾˿ĪҪǣǾַʽȻϽ¼ȥĮƽϢսµģһһѾ˺Щˡ
˹ǣ˴ˣȴҪһʱİһȺòȻļһ
еĳ𣿡ͻȻʡ
Ҳеģһ볯޴һһ˵СĽ̨ס
̨ףƳһĳԭֻһ룬ôһȻ罻ãǱķʽţȷС
ϲ
صȴţһʮֵǵʣ˵㽫ͼץˣ
˵ͷҲûţʣȥݳǣʱ׽ͼȥ磬ϼ֮ߡ
ֺγ֪񾹷ԼûŮȻҪȥ磬κ˴űݳǱɣΪҪȥ
һЦʷģֻǽͼȥɣûκΣգοݳǣöܰĴڻ
콹ס˫磺ɵӣ֪㵣磬ȥ̣ɲɵ飬øܷģ
ʷģ︱ͳŽµġ˵˶٣ҹץͼʱˡ
δ˵ָ֪꣬˭ǸûϢģż˼棬ȻܿϱĮˣ
ʵϣ컹һ²Լ˵ڣǰսץһп֮ˣһ֮²֪߹Ůδ
˲±ٳĹȾ֮£Ҳ˵ǲ֮
һ̫಻岻뱱ĮҲ˵Ϊͼնˣǽʼҵ涼ˡ
⼸վ͸һʵ˼ˣԷƷغûʲôģǾҲƽӡ
̾˿ʮʹģҲͰˣһǣܻͬģȴ
Ҳ̾˿ԼСŮֱʧ͸ļ磺֪Ƚᣬսǿɲģһǻᶪġ
ʣ֪ǷǷСĽ븸ʷġ
˵Ļ˵ˣȴִҪȥ㲻гʮ֣һ𱣻ȥݡ
ӹгѾʱһظȲ׼ֻ֣˰ʱȫϣȴڡ
ִԼҹɫףӢˬϣļ˶飬Ĳɵ׳־жҪսɱʹ죬ʬյĹޡ
彣ú󺰵
˺ƺƵظ֮ܲܲʮֵ
Ŷո뿪СͷĿѯʲӲΡ
ͷĿһ˲ϣֽ˼ԶڻʼվҹбĮǱӸ֮Ҳһ
һλñȽϳף˼Զһһ¼ʸ˻ϡ


 78 

ֻ˼ԶͼȻһ¾ŭ, ٿ˿˲ᣬΪ˲, ʵ˼Զ¼Լƾ֤, Լ̫˭͹ʲô, ֵ, ʲôλϵȵȡ
ԽԽ󣬺޲ýⱾ˲һѻ˸ɾʺĸûһʡĵġ
˰, ʺʧ£ѲΪһ֮ĸ, ̷ȥʺ֮λ, 乬, ̫֮λб˽, Ȧڸ, ޿, ó
˺ܴ, 糯ڶ೯һ飬ֵԼּ⣬޴ּʱֶǷģ»ϵŭ꼰㡣
³ʱԼ޵ѱϵĻʺ޵һֱ, վȣȴڽûж
Ƿڳ޴ּģּ⻹δôжޣϾǻʺҪҲ̫ѡ
ʺɫ԰׵ؿ£ȻֻգȴѾ磬쿴ã߹ĽŲӢ˲ü۶ʱû̫ı䡣
ֻǣҲԼʮ궬죬ŷǸ͵ԵСˣһһˡ
ԶԶƼʺ󣬼㲵زӣɫҰףѲʱ֮ˣȻκεĲ
ôˣЩõü
񿴼檣𣿡ʺ󵭵һЦģô죬ȴûǵǸ͵Եꡣ
𵱳һҲûͬһ䵱˼ڵڸѿЩ߳ŭ
ʺЦЩڻߵŮˣһûк³ǣҲǡ
һ仰Ȼ̧ͷȴ˵Ը̧Žˣȥ乬ҲҪڲͬȥ
ʮ꣬һֻͬǹֻǲ⣬ΪϲǸ͵Զôÿ갡
еİⲻ٣ǰȴʼոǸ걻ʱ̧üɬһЦ
زȥοļ䣬ǵ
ǣ乬ĴŴ򿪵һ˲䣬һжҪˣЩԺֻĵף
ΪǸˣѾҪˡ
ĸȻ乬һҪع㹬ܣȴסѾˣ˵⹬ˣ޵ҳ
ĸ󱻹ؽ乬Ǿеϣûˣܲż
ɾϹ֮ʱһʵǲʤ䷳ֱһֵȥΣֱӽ޵ڹ
˼Զ֪Լĸ󿿲סˣȻڸеҲǳıòѰûᣬֱӰ뿪ǣȥݷݳǡ
ݷݳǻʺĸңڵأݷݳǿһһĴڣоȨĻᡣ
֮󣬴Ӹ˲ܵ쵱ʱȥ׷飬Ѿһ뷨ǸӣջԸ·
յʱ䣬Ѿٽҹ̣뻪ǺԶˣ¶Ұ⣬˾ͳԼĸ˾ͺһЩ洦ɼ峺Ϫˮʱ
һ·Ȼ⡣
ҹ£죬ǡǸʲôûеںգܴпӰӡ
һô꣬ˣһҪţҪߣʱʱ̶̿κź֡
ͬʱһǧ񲿶ӣ͵͵ݳǣֱ˳һС·ȥĮӪء
˺һһӰͻȻӶĺܵߣѹ˵磬Ҹʲô
ɻתͷһۣôģ
ƶսʱݳǱ˺ܾõ·֮սԼڳдȥˡ
һھͱˣЦһ޸֮ľʦսҲ׸
·֮ò㵱ڽʿƿڴˣ˵ԼҪֳȵ󣬲Сһʶ
һʶĽǣֱӸڶ棬͵͵ݳǣ˵ˣ绹ܰͻȥ
Ǿʦȥ䡣·֮һŰĳأҿǻ׷ľʦȻ˵ȥ
̲ס뽫һ٣ȴֻǿŭü£ͷ
һһҽ·֮м䣬˶һޱ飬·ֱë
·֮һĽ磺㵱Ҫȥduս⣬ⲻǸʱһ˵
عͷһۣǱ£˵Ҳں˵𣿡
·֮ƲƲ죬˵²ȡûڣȻѾ뿪ݳǣduҲduˡ
ʱڵ˱ĮӪ⣬ſƸߵ۲һӪأ򵥻һͼֽһǧ˷Ϊֱ뱱ĮӪء
·֮˶ֱˣżһļ磺ֵܣʱɲܰ£ҸˣҴжҳʲôˣ
ûҡʣµĽУһԽڶߵǰ̧ͷһЦ͵ϮӪ£ôο£
·֮ο¡֣ʲôƵģŵֱ米㣬ҿԷһۡ
Ժ﷢ͨƢԼ˳ˣȴһ£Ŵ󿳵ֱӳ
ؽ·֮ӱ˳ο£ȻСˣ㽫ˣµ˸ȥսdu
·֮ͻȻͺƱ˼Ѫһ㣬ο¾صصͷãĽңһ񡣡
ƽô֣Ǵ˿ο»зִģݳǳ󣬴ССս۲֪˶٣ʲôʱʲô
οһͷģ涨У񡣡
绺ףοЦЦС˴͵Ϯض°빦
һڿ˵ˣż佱һΣԵرϣƵο¶·֮һ˼Ѫת
ʲôµһ˿˶ˣЩļͷ̲֮סʣɿţ
Ȼǣ汾ȥ˵о֡һ˲ȣûˣĮʿսû˳Եģ̾Ϳ쵽ͷˡ
µĽһ˷ܵػеıֱӪֱ֡
һӺ󣬽ӪнͬʱŻ˵оĴƬӪʣ·ûüƨɾͱյ˳
ЩıĮʿû׹ս֮ʱΪλͻȻӪðһɵоɷ˵ͷŻ
·֪֮źţο´ֱսӪֱߵӪſڣŷ֣ĮĴԲ١
𣬱ĮʿһСȥȻһȫսӪսΧģˮйͨˣǶ֣
·֮üͷԭһģ˿̲žòԾôϽ֮ˣ͵ϮҪ齻

 79 

Ǵ˴͵ϮҪĲ, ·֮һͨԭվһ, ԱߵĽ˵ʦոͨһ, ǲduսģġ
οֵؿ·֮һۣû, ѵ֪, ǱΪ˸ڻģ
ʲôʿһӣο¶֪·֮, ֻһǱСӸڲˣ
·ֱ֮ҧҲ֪ʱǼƽϵʱ, ԸˣȻڻ, ǾһЩ, ȥսӪٸսԵĶ¶
ʿһһӦ, ֳȥ, ο´ֱȥŻ, ·֮, ոduսĶ档
˳֣ȻֱĮȻսβݣȻҲɭϣվӪǱ߻˺ܶࡣ
Ϊң˺׾ͻ, һѻ˱Įеݣ뿪ʱ벿ֱĮʿϣȻٲһɱ
ĶǾ񲿶ӣЩϤĽһ٣ɱ뱱ĮսӪˮһɱˡ
ȥӦ·֮ʱŷսӪеıĮʿ׷ñͷܣţŵȴ˿ͣıĮʿҪ׷ˡ
ο´˶Ϻ󣬴˿·֮գȴļ٣ֻüԼǰĵоʿ˹·֮㿪
οµ˺ķΰ㣬ЩɳƣԼһ˲۾Ƿġ
·֮󺰣ͷͿоʿǰɵƵվԭأҲֻʣһͷŮ׳ʿȻˣ
ڴʱһʱĮʿϤĳЦͷ˵˲֪Լսʲôˣ
·֮ο¾ԼһȥֺƵԼQˣֻسоӪУŶɱǼ
·֮ع񣬿磬һȭҹȥ磬ȻڲƭСү˶֪СүҲ֪
֪ˣݵñ棿һѽһߣýһıĮʿ뿪
һ£źŷգڸıĮʿӦ֮ǰеĴأҿٵ˳˱ĮսӪ
ս״С˵оһ˶Ĳѣɽ·ϳС
ο¶ĵظЩʿ󳪣ֱ佫ˣǴģΨ
һΪڲƭһ·󽫾ŵġʦ
磬ӽҪʲôһҼʮ˱ڶϵ㴲ͷ̸ģ
ðҵš
㣡
ٷϻߣо׷㸺Ϻ󣡡
磡ʦ棡

ɽʿǳСԼ·֮綷Ϊҹ֮˳Ҳ֣һ·ôֵػݳǡ
ݳϣ׽صȴţŮСûףȵֵؽȻҲϹսÿȥһֱĵֱƽ¡
뽫ŮһдС㣬ӴԶսû뵽ѾͷԼųžˣװװʮƾ½ߵĸӶʽߴ̡
ԸŮսκֲֻȥˣֻϣսƽϢŮƽ˼ҵĹһһƯȹӣһ̸µˡ
һðˡ֣׵Ժ̲ס·֮Ƕ룬óŮ·֮Ƕĵġ
·֮׸˼ҵĶӣС˵մǲݣǳٷ£һӵܡ
·֮һؾصĶˣǼҸŴ󻧵ģοһսϴŮôӦ
ֻŮһͨˣ˰ͷϼɣԸô벻ͨôСأ
һ񣬾Աߵĸ쿴󽫾ǻˣ
̧ȥɫѾˣԶԶδ󽫾·֮ǰţ֪˵ʲôο¸󽫾Ľһʱͻˣǹ˵˵ЦЦġ
Ƽˣο³ų֣ǻˣǵʤ쿪š
һŵλԸ˸Ͻ򿪳ţӭӴ󽫾ǹ
͵Ϯʤ飬õĴ뽫ʿǹʿԽøŴ󽫾ܳ׻˵оƽ
żղ˼ɣʤЩסˣԭԼս˾ȥָ̫տɴû뵽ˣôһϣʲôҲ̲ţ֮ǰŬǶ׷
ɻػǴϢˣ֪Ϊγٳδ飬ѣ⼸ͨӻǴ˴һЩϢЩϵĳ̶ȣֱ̾Ϊֹһֶûʳ
˻ûϢеĽ춼ټУλҹ˵о֣ǺܿҵĹǣֻҪǼ죬ֻҪ죬֧ԮľӾͻǰʱǿɿʱ򡣡
ոձʤϢͷԵĽǣ·ӭͷһͰˮò侲˼׷׾ô󽫾˵û
׵ȽһԲߣƻʱֲŻصԼԺӣЪϢһȥ϶š
·֮һ·ܹ磬Ҫң
ôˣεֱ£۾𣿡
ȹ£·֮Ǻһƨײ֪ʲô裬Ȼ˵ս٣ԼҪŮ޸ҡ
׼һϱˣ֮ԱǣͿο¶·֮⣬ľʮְ䣬ǵ˱˻ԡ
ϱҪҪ·֮һȭϣ˵ˣŮɱ˲գ۵ģ̫ˣ֮ǰ˵Ů׳ʿҾãŮħͷ
·֮㲻ҪͷǸùۣ·֮ҹڵӪҲûȦû˻Ƶ
ˣҲˣǡ뵽Լҹ˫Ȧ·֮ͻȻЩͣǣҾû취ҿǱ˻ˡ
£û˰㣬ú룬㵽׶ʲôĸоĲϲ˼ҹ˵ôǽκġȰسأͺ˵ʲô֮һ
볤֮£Сүôţ·֮վŭȥӲţСүҪæʱ˵ֻԼֵܽ𣿡
ⲻǸ⣬⣬ͲҪôõĹ⣬˼ң𵢸˼ҹĴǰ;̾˿εüģǰ㣬οݾӪﳤģȻЩعС㣬κɣ߾·ҵĸŴ󻧣ԸĹĸݲ£˼ҡ
绰˵꣬˻ȥҲ·֮ˡ
·֮˵Ļһʱ˳˼ⶼ֮䲻Խĺ蹵Լʱο˵ˡ
һˣ̧Ⱦߣȴ˵һ䣺ϲϲֻԼףҪϲҪΪǺȫ
ΪǺȫδϲһ˵ķʽ
лҪ˵磺һｵһѾŮ׳ʿĺȦˣɡ
·֮ûУң˵

 80 

·֮һ, ׳ʿ˵оѾ, ֮ǰڵعǡ
ƺϵĮӵĹʱ, ·֮·ææʱѾڽڲ, ׼ݳǡ
ĮӪر, Ⱥ鼤֮£ضһʯ̣һսپʯ̡
֮ǰѾźһ, ˿̲ٶһЩϸڣһӱ, Ǹʲôʲôȥˡ
н, ο¶쵽˸Ե, ·֮֮ʱֻüһ, Ҵȥ, ûͬ˵һ֡
, Ҳŵɡ·֮ͻȻƵ˵, СүһˣܲŮ˶磿
ôοŮˣЦؿһۣͷǰɳ̡
һ뱱ĮΣݳܵĵأһαضܶ鶼˱, ½Ϥһ顣
룬·֮Ͱ͵˵ҸΣߣ
Īü·֮Ͻȥ˵Уҡ
˵꣬Լͷã彣뿪ӣֱȥ˳ţҪۿһĮ˶ˣźüʱ
ĮȻҪսپģǵĽʲôǰ඼ûУֱ˹ǣһ֮ڱ빥ݳǣͷ
Ϊڽ涨ʱڹݳǣĮʿǶһǿйǣηӣþ޴ľ׮ײš
ĽʿǸİţļʸʱʱ䣬ոնյú˰ߡ
ɱڶ紩ſվڳϣ溷ηıĮʿͻȻǻصһ뱱Įν˫һֱʤ
ֱǱڱĮϸϢͼٰϢżǱڵһٹƱĮ۶ĳţȴֻһѾɵİ׹ǡ
лϲԸĻᣬֲȥһеźһҪи֮˶ۡ
·֮һ·Ųߣһ򣺡վһµûлӣ
·֮ȥһѾϵ¥ϣ·֮˹ıĮʿӳ¥ȥŭĿӣʲôң
·֮ɡȥıĮʿ˾һؿڣСү㣬ǰЩƳһֻףʽȽСֻҪŵˣŻҪҪԣ
ʱ粻֪ò׵С룬ͷ˵һԡ
·֮һ˵ظʲôƵģƨ߶ƨ߶ԭ·أȥƵĻˡ
һͿ·֮һȺС꣬ͺһģһһں״һ֧
·֮£Ƿ׷׽״ڼʸϣȻ˳ȥ״ڰվͿʼðỤ̃ҵĮӪʱֻҪһˣ·˲Ż
Աߵ˾ȣŸղŻö˶վԼߵգۼͱûһ˿΢ĺȶûУֻʣһյ÷ڵĿס
ⶫȻ͸յ·ˣ
ݳǵĳ¥ϱһƬοл߹һֱ첲·֮ϣۣ·̫֮ˣ
·֮ñ鶼ҪðˣһǷĵ⣬˫ֱأüؿ㻹ô˵Сүҵġ
˵ʹһȺС㽫ŵĶе֣оɵĴԶڿɱȣ
·֮ЦһӽϣοҲȡԼ֣ɵվֱӡ
ĮʿǻǵһμôɱԵһʱסˣȻձӱǰӣˡ
·֮Ѽӣ죬ߵĵо˵СүĻŵˣȻҲô˱
ü˵һͬ˳ţһļƻԮûǵıԶڶԷܳսֻȱŲˮڡ
·֮Ȼ֪˵ûȴ˿ϴ֪һ飬ôͷҪ԰ڵشһȺ
Щһһɥü۵վߣ֪롣
·֮ǿ˳ǣû£֤ƵĶõģ´һЩЩ־ͺá
Ǳһοһȼ־˳³ȥ֮ǰĻס
·֮Ȼǻ׷ľʦϾǵ׸Ķӣ˸ȥմ£϶Ϳʵ϶벻׻Ϊʲôһӵʦ
Ϊ֤Լʵ·֮оһɱԺܴʱǰ¶һ֣ûģֻʱһ
ͷɥشߣת㱻Աߵһ׳ô⣿
ȻҾô󽫾˵öԣǡοһ˫ʹںڵУ˸貵Ĺâһս㣬Ժ󶨻ῼǵظȫҿ㣡
ο˵꣬ƽ˻˵Ů׳ʿȻ˺죬ȴ֪ؿ·֮רע
·֮ע⵽ͷһƬںӡǣȻƵҪȥȥһưԼһִȥмЦЦ
С󣬴δ˵ȻʤֵܣĶҲǲϿɵģΪһһǴĴүͻĬĬƽ
ЩˣƽǻأϵȻûкɫͱź򣬵ǳ£ϵűŽҲùܡ
գ·֮Ȼοܵ˿϶ůıЩᣬ°ͣ۹⣬СүҵһսͰѵоˣ´ٳضñĮ˹ϼȥ
οʮϵص˵ͷ㣬·֮ˡ
˵꣬ο´ֵļ磬תȥˣԼҪ
·֮Ƶ·ƣϺصĿ˶Ƶ˿̾Ȼø˳ʶһ㣬ֵ̾صɴ۾ܣܣһǱղ仰ůЩԺˣһǣ
ƵĿ˿ԱߣڳϵĽʿǶæԼ飬ע⵽Ϣˡ
ҹ·֮ԺĥԼĻĸһЩǰͻȻһڣ˵סĵƹ⣬ü̧ͷһƣ硣
ͷؽƿ߿߿ôһվǶҹˡ
ңҰڳ˵ĻЩˡ˵·֮һͰԼҲԣΪԼ˵Ļ̫أ˵·үģԥԥػ
·֮·һվԼ˻ʹСүΣδ󽫾Ҳи˵Ǹʱ򣿡
üӣôҲ˵飺ôߡ
֪ûʲôû·˿̲ȷǰ֮˵·֮Լͼֽˣû£ôЩ类߸Ծˡ
繴˹:оô
ˣһϣҶĻףĽ֡·֮˵
΢΢ףǾͺãĮضٶȷˣٶȻܿ죬Ҫȫ׼


 81 

, ˵뱱Įιս, ĮĹһαһÿ, һαһͣľӽЩ֧Ųס
ʱ, ͸ôԮ, Ϊλδѵǳʲô
ߴδ˱ĮĹĮĽŽǵŻȥ, ԮһǾͻǿƹ, ݳǵĵһǡ
֪, Į˵óҲõ, һһ̽ȥҺ壬ȴһĶȫޡ
Ҫȥһ̽, ȴַĲݳ, ֻĥһ֮ȥ̽̽, ԼһڳϺƾơ
·֮Ƶ߹, ӹеľƺغһڣԼһȾƣҲң
ٹգ廹Ԯݳֻ¾ҪΣˡ翴һ·ҶӣգһᰲŽӺͻػǡ
˵ʲô·֮ľƺ, ŵСүǻ׷ľʦƾʲôһȥ˵ˣҸոƳĻױ֮ǰҪӲ𣿺οֵǶ㣬Ļ𣿡
֪Ӧ̾˿֪Ҳ˼
·֮Ƶĳǽϣ֪ҲǸ˼
˶˵һƺ˸Ժƾƣ¡
֮ǰѾźһУЩڱĮһϸڱĮҲЩģ˱Į۶㽫۶һ¡
ԮıĮȫߣԺĮѳҲܹ࿹ı
ɺһڳ˴ݳ᧿Σȴ˿ҲЩȷδΪʲôӣ
·֮ȴ˼һƾƣֻݳǣ붼᧿ΣҲ䡣
Ǹܾܵõˣ̧ͷԶҪȥϦȴؿһĨϦҪ۵ĺɫ
ΪԼƺˣ˫ۣԽԽĺɫӰ˭ʱһļ磺磬쿴ǳ¡
һѴ֣ˣݳǣǻǣĪǺˣҲ̫
˵һ룬תͷʶؿȥȴϦ£һĨʺɫӰϣݳǼƺǿˣ˵֡
͵תͷ·֮·Ҫ֤ʵԼǲǻþǲΣ
ɵӣǻþΣĳˡ·֮һ˵վȥ
Ա߷ŵӣͻȻһ˷ٰϣȻһ˦磺ȥ졣
类𾪳ͷԣô׵ģӽУӳ¥ȥֱԼеӾ滹ܸʱֻ·֮ڳ¥ϿЦ
·̧֮ͷ·֮ĥź档
·֮Ц˵˭֮ǰҪСүһȥأ
Ҫֽȴֱɿӣٿһ¾ȥӳһ·䣬Ȼھɸߵĵطǽϵһ˵ĵطһѸأȻǸɫӰȥ
Ȼһ·Ҳǽϣվ͵ݳǣŵһ̣޷ѹԼģ񱼡
ڿԼʱҲܹȥЦ绨ĻС
磬ˡűףȴůģڼˡ
ڻУһ˫Ƭ̣ŵȻˣ
ǣңЦúܿģҴҵļ£ˣ㱣ûճףұ㴩żѰ㡣
ע⵽ԼֻſģûǴżµģȻǳԼأʱֶǲġ
ǹ˹۽ȴ΢죬˿̹˲ʲôǣŮҵĽߣż⣬Ĵ
˼ǷģԼģͷųȴ೤ϸܣů͡
·֮ӵǵˣЦҡҡͷղǸƵֻˣһԿ𾢵Ľʿǣʾת
¥ϵĽʿǻδת·֮Լȴߺˣιܲϻȥףôûϱ˿أ
¥ϵĽʿǸźȻЦ׷׸壬õݳһʱֵغҪһ㡣
ƿ磬һϣɬر۾
罫һأȴѾϵһԿ˰ֱֵȥ
˳ţ඼󽫾˵ץͼǰͿԼҴ󽫾ѾＱرųԼԺȥˣֻա
ƽķʮˣҪ֮¶Ҫߣ˿ֿɿ㶼Ŵչ
ſһŴ󵶣ۣͭ㲻ֻ֣ƿžܻͦˣֻȻȥˡ
һ·ŻԺӣɬͷδ̧ž·֮Ƕ֮󻹲֪ôЦء
Ը̴ʹˮϴ裬תŻһ·һܲϴˮ裬ɾ·
ֻǵ˵ͷ̴ֽźܿ죬Ƭ̼㽫ϴˮ׼ˣһӵĶˣĬĬ˳ȥ
һֱԼĻЪϢ˿̱ŰΰѵŽԡͰΪȥ¡
Լǰһӻ״̬ѹǰʱһ㣬ô
㴩ŴѰңǷޣ˵ôôȻǷޣӦͬԡǡ
ԣֱ½ԡͰɷ˵ȥǿƶҵһ·쵽ǰİ𪡣
~̾Ϣ֮ӦԼѾצһȥ۾ԼǸϤİ硣
ԡͰ̫С̫ڣƬ̣顱һԡͰķˣˮһء
վϵˮԡɾȻڴϣ᣽ŷ¡
ݳطʲô򣬳ļҾҲ绪ǽʵãǼªĴ齣е㶯ͻᡰ֨֨ͣ
ӻƻ赽ʱԺġ֮֨֨δͣЪĴһֱһ
Ѿǰף۵û˯ȥǷţֱ˿̣ȫȫظܵģġ
ôˣоЦЩ֣İһһģ̲סۣΪβ˯
̫ˣ޷Ҵ˿̵顣ͷӡһǣ⼤˵
ҲǣҲܿġУ۽΢΢ʪ󣬡㲻֪һôһؼңһΣڿԺһؼˡ
˵ͷԲһûãûܴؼҡ
ҡҡͷֱ۱ڻУǵģʱˣϾֻǸҵ˳֮£
һҲûܸһҵĻ񡣡źԼûʽ顣
ûϵǴ˱ĮȥҪҲϡۣʼš
лҪ˵磺~ϴУƽˣף

 82 

ݳǵĽʿ֪ͼʩץʱ, ˶ˣ, ϣ
ݳ, ·еĺ˶ˣڶ峿, ո, ̽ѾԮ·ˡ
üʣΪεЩʱգ
̽̾ʵδ˵, Ϊ뻪ǣݷ, Ǳֻ·
վȥ˷, һ֮·߳, ῿ļϣһ, ʵҵĳѾˡ
Ѿֻ˽˳ޡס˫, ˼Զʱ, , ӮģͼȻУȻҲʲôý
ʺ󱻷ϣҲѳ˷ˣ˼ԶδѾԤ̾˿ͼֻǽ, ڿԺ޹˼ɵغһˡ
ЦЦתڻУ˵ͼ˽ƻôܰȫؽݳǣκģ
Ҽ㣬ֻҩΡЩ̧ͷĺҼ㣬ֻ˳ԷţȻһ뷨ӶԸĸܼƻ
Цã棬·֮Ǹеһƴ
ͼ˿̹ݳǵĵ֮Уţȥ˵λĶ֡
£ɢɢһȴһͷܸߣŲҡҡȥһխ·ġ
ǸرĹߵǰ΢΢ֵο£μ¡
֣еЦЩԭѾӴ󽫾˵ס˲࣬ĺ
ο²˼ӺףЦ˵ˣʲôѽûô󽫾ˡ
ʵ粢Ǹ໰֮ˣǰĹ̴⸮תһȦǰ·֮һЩ¡
Ȥ꣬·֮صĴүиܽסˡ
˵Цӯӯ˵·˽ǳ
οĵغգ˼СŮĽߣŤصͷ¶֪ˣϲ·֮ҵҲӦ˽֪ӦӦء
ϲҰҺޣһҲЩ֮еĴСҪö٣οµ֣һȥɢ
СȻֵܽò࣬ȴҲмֻûһ˸׽Ϻ󼸺ˣҲûʲôѣοһʡ
ԺһȦԽ˵ԽͶǰбο¶ֱӰݰˡ
·֮˵ȥˣ㼱ҴҵظϵԺ볤˵һ˵׽Ĵ󳤹ȥ뽫ú˵һ˵ջŹֵ뷨
һž˵ȥˣſҵȶ»մߣط֣Ů׳ʿֵػˡ
·֮æǰ񣺡·֮μ¡
һЦ·ôżǰұأǡб飿
·֮ϼŮ׳ʿ˲֪˼֪ˣǿЦЦ£˵
Ů׳ʿֻĴȴɵοô˵ųһ֣ȸˡ
˵ͷԶ·֮һԺţһ̴ݵĲ裬˱ǡ
²豭ƳһЩִٵ·֮𵱳ΧԳʱεغҪʶģȻ˾ִˡ
¡·֮ľִȴΪԼҪе˵ڣԥŻǿˣѾ֪οµ˼ˡ
˵ͷűڸߣ˵ÿ仰ɶǻٵضйأ˼νȻ˵ѣ˵ʵﵹʲô˼
·֮ЩΪѵ˵֮ǰҲ˵οǾǸŮ׳ʿҸûң׽ȻҪʵǡЩǿѡ
žણ
·֮Ļ䣬ʲôڵϵûɵһţվһƣο۽ᣬеĳڵأһʱɵԭء
̾˿ԭΪӦǻģΪǣߣû뵽·֮ûǸ˼
ο佫ˮݺĨȥۿ죬˫ֽճȭδϵĳһۣ·֮βһ
·֮˵Ŀģοºۣһһٵʡ
ҡ˫ڶΪ˵ӵ·֮ͻȻʹˣҲǸ˼㣬㡭
οһЦȵ˵û£ǲϲν
˵šνתһ˲䣬οµȴֹס첽߳Ժӣ̶ɿʧתǴ
һ۴ȥʲô¡
ӦԺοµĳ׷˳ȥ
·֮ԭأ촽ף۾һգգضο뿪ķ򣬿ңұⲻ𣿡
·֮ΣֻԼ֪Ϊѣο뷨Ӱһ֮ˣܿ͸·֮˼ֻǵ԰ˣ˿ǷԸ⡣
·̧֮ͷ򶨵ͻȻľͶҡҡͷᶨ˵ˣҲá
˵꣬·֮ĵˣһ겻ģ֪˻ΪģݳҪء
̴Щʣū澿·˶ӦģΪξǲϳأ
ҡҡͷĹǣ⣬Ƕ֮£вɲֻ̫࣬ʵ䷴
䣬ĮѾߴιˣڵıûͼڣֻ½ݳǾҪˡ
ӵнͼֱŷȥźúøĳɽǣɱĮ̫죬ˡ
ͼ˯һ·ղѹ磬мһЦ磬޵ôãδֳʤ㵹ѧĵ
ôãͼһ£ǾһһҲ߸ɴ˶ǣ˲Ұܡ
ЦҲϣǷֳʤĮԼףڶԸֻҪأͶġ
ǣڲŵǺ˲١ͼϣľͿʼ³ԼΪһСѾͷϣǶƺõġ
ͼͻȻЦԼһֱΪֻڲͬģ֮ӣŻһû뵽ȺڱĮУҲȺ
ֻӦǱػҪ磬ЦȻһֱΪֻԼڲͬǴ뻹սġ
Į繴˹ǣ˵ǽ㵱ʣҪǱĮľӺʮӪǻӦ𣿡
ͼмһڣޣһµǾӣǿʼˣˣ˵İã޳
һЦлĮ佱
ͼʵ벻һôµĴ󽫾ȻһŪ֮ˣҺ޳ˡ


 83 

ĮĽǾýݳǵĽʿȫ, ǿ͸ǿ֮ĩǻ, ֻѳơ
첻֪ô, ڣԷȴ˿, ûٴеĸо, ñĮΪԮһʱûҹǡ
Ȼһ, ϱ˶ͼ, Ӹ¿űĮĽ, ͼƵǰ, еıĮʿǶܿ
ĮĽһæϥȥ, ȼ, ˡ
ͼƳһĮ, ֪ԼҲӲ, عͷżʮɸߵĳţһһᣬǰһֱȥ
һУ֪ͼǸ֣ôȥ, ˽ӣָܻţͼᡣ
ͼһѰǽϣȣ϶磬ǸˣǾãشһǣʤˣҲʤ֮䡣
Цʤ֮ΣߣҲֻҪʤðնŰֵӣһжֵá
ػһ翴飬ʲôʤ֮䣬ЩˣΪЩ翵Ķðˮ֮Уǲ޴
һµĴ󽫾һȨڣϣܱԼ֮ˡ
೶ɤŶıĮʿǺǵıĮݳͣҪúûţͺʮӪ򡭡
кһֱӽԼеĵͼĲϣвζؿǱĮ졣
Į쿴һϣ˿ڶԷУǱʵЩʿġ
ϲȰ裬ִҪͣսԼȥ۶Ҫףôᷢ飿
ĮһڣǸĳǸҲ֪ǣԵֿɵõĳǳضҪ
㿴ңҿ㣬˵ջǱεʮӪ
Į뿪֮ǰ˵磬ݳһգͿɱƽʲô⡭
˵꣬ĮĽʿǾȫ뿪ֱӻͷĺʮ
ݳǵʱĴϢףⲻʱģʱˣЩĮ׾ͻϣ
ԸĮ۶ǱߵжٿЩҲܼʱ
Į۶֮ǰ
ĮԭһƬžֻڸɻ춯СǵΡ
˷һ֧ϢشƫŽ룬ֱɱ֮УӶ⡣
֮ǰĮѾһˣͼͬĸĵܵܣĮĶա
һֱһͷñˣָ֮Ƭ֮伦Ȯ
ϵı֮ϣ¶̰ı飬ȻδȣһʮŮ
ôգҲҪɱ𣿡һʮ̫꣬ʢװŮ߽쳣䣬û뵽㾹սǿռ
ŮǱĮֻ̫޶Ůһֱͼߣ㽫Լ׶ӣԼ뱲ӵ
Ҫ뱲еָĮͬ⣬ؿգ֡
һ䣬ϰĮʿΧסſףִ
֧ǱĮ̫ģڳֲԤ֮ʱȫԼãȲˡ
ռ̣ȴûа־ʧӣЦ˵֪ĸ󰵰һ֧飬ֻϧ
δ䣬ȻһЩ̫ôõĶ飬գۼ䵹򣬽еĳȫָԼ
̫һգ㾹㾹ͽǱˣ
Į̫һôδйı䣬վ˿£Լôã֪ģνǶģ
һЦԼһֱվŵǸ˵ļ磺ĸ֪ģôհԶⶼǶ
˽ñȡ£¶һſɲĵĿ䣬ݣƽ̫ó
Ȼ㣡̫ʧôãʲôȨˣȻյˣܺã
ʼޱ飬ֻ鶯˶ʾǸˣ̫󣬴ȥǻعؼؼ̫󼴿ɡ
Į̫ЦЦ÷·ʧ־һ㣬˵ɷѺԼĹ
ЦⱱĮ̷ַ֮ǸΪ˴һŮˣԼľ񲻹˵ֳ
˹֣ʵ£͸õⱱĮ֮񲻹顣
һ飡ձ˵ãˬʵЦˣ̫ϲˣλͷΪĮ󽫾ƹܱĮȨ
˹ǣЦˣлϡ
뿪ĬĬصԼĸۡдһţе롣
ڴ꣬һֱĵӣһҪ䶨ˡ
Į̫֮ԿͼգΪ̰һǽļһ
Į⻼ռλһͼŻҲٸҹ룬ϾҪֻ֮λĮİͼ
ͼҰûУȴͬԴĺݶԸԼֳġ
ֻһжˣͻ뷨뿪Įص󽫾ߡ
ΪɼδǰԶޱ¶ˣԳЦݵı飬˵ǰиСᱻſޡ
ĵڶգԼλȻַǸҲ塢ɫԵĳ֡
ĮеĽʿ˳ȥΪ˲ԼĻֻҲǽ߾ˣ˸һ⣬ʾԼԸñĮѵõǳΪɱͼ
ЩͼȥľӣҲľǰлͼױȫΪǶԴĶжˡ
յնģĮٹ𾪣Դвȡ֮ߣҲзĳȫǰȥȪ·ϣҳϵˡ
֮󣬳֮ϻǱȣԸ֮Ҳû˷Եؾٰ˼λ䡣
в֮µġ顱飬λˡ
ţյһǰһ󵽴ģ翴ţ¶Цݡ
˶յüͷչӱסһѶеſֱ֮ˡ
֪ģһһľɲĹǰͽɵĮıһ졣
ԭûô졣練ֽڻУĶͷֻûϵͼҲһжǰˣȻЩִ٣һж˳Уһ̣ͿҪˡ
ǾͿջȥ񡣡ָ絶һ㾫µգһ£ȻԶһ𡣡
ôż޸ңãɵظЦʳָ°ͣףôң
ǰҾô㣬ôż޸㡣Ŀض磬ÿһ·ٿһ۶˷ѣôҲȢ𣿡
Ҳҡҡͷ֮÷˿ˣҲ޶
ϲЦˣˣҺϲƺ
䣬ϸܵǾ·䣬޳ָıһƬȡ


 84 

ɳľ, Ԯһǰл, ݳʮӪͼױȫɱ˸ɾ
ΪĮε, һ£֮롣
罫ͼӵδ, ۿԼױһɥ, ͼһѪ㲻ʡˡ
Ϊ˸ðս, 罫ͼݳǵ㳡ϣɰһ˻һ, ֱ
ۼͼ³, ĻԹ޳ɢ, ֻж⣬Խˡ
̸һ, ·֮ӵ˾͸ûػ, ·֮, ˶ʮڴġ
˼ɵ֪˻ǵϢ, ԼõĻᣬԼߵ̫ʧ˺ľֻõȵȲشԼ»ؾȥˡ
ѵóһˣ뿪˻ǵѹ, úõعһٻȥ
·֮ǶӵľʦǸøȥģȴ֪Ϊγٳûж
ο֮󣬾Ҳûг·֮ǰ·֮һֱ׻ŵ˭֪˼û
·֮͸ˣͻȻԴһþĻ˵ǡ
·֮ԼԺſڻ˺üΣź֪ط֣ӦҪ˵ȴÿڣҲ֪
죬˸ڽ֧ȥ̴·֮һңȻܿؾˡ
˱裺˵ɣұʲô£
·֮Ťû˵һ仰ϵע£ſڣʲôҲû£Ҳ£ңҲ֪ô˵
·֮˵ܲʹ㣿õصһۣԭ飬·֮ĹӸ磬ҲŤ֮ʱǲй
·֮һȻԼ˼˿ˣҲͲ˵ͷ
ñô㣿̾˿ϴ㽫˵˼ҹǶ˵ģ¿ɲء
ǣǣˡ·֮æͣοǸùϧעԵҲҪأֻһ£ġ
Ȼأʲôý͵ģĻԣһѪ˵Ĳ𣬿㣿
·֮סˣҲ֪Լʲô˼ʵгǧֻһҡֿݣ
벻·ӣӵܣ̻֮ĹӸüسЦȻԼĸ⣬ôãȻ
¼ЦˣֻǣֻȥСʲôġ·֮ЩΪ˵ûʲôԽص顣
ΪˣұصģȻǣǡһڲˮһͿ͵ĮȻ
·֮ȴ·𿴲ҪͿ͵˼ŲҲ˵˼ãһֹ顣
̴żɵ˵·ˣϲǲϲϲȥŬȡǣǲϲ˷ֿã
΢΢ףʾ̴˵·֮㿼Ǻұ
·֮¶˾ģһᣬ˵£ϲοµģֻǳļҲ֪νĸŴ󻧣Ը޵ļͥҲί
˵ͷ·֮˵ģĵģ˻ϲûҪһԼļͥȴǺѡ
ο·֮·Ҷӣ·δϣضҪƼҵģοһĸԸ
㣬㸸ĸͬ⣬㲻Ȣ𣿡ʣҪȷ⣬źΪ취
·֮ԥ˵뻪ЩС㶼һҼȻϲǾһһģֻίҶ£ҵͬ⣬ұ뿪ǣֱס
Ҫľ仰͵ص˵ͷи⣬λػǣõأﵽͣһͬ꣬̽̽㸸ĸ˼ǲͬ⣬ķӣ
·֮ͷһеƾ°š
飬·֮뿪ˣ˼յȻʣԼࡣ
뿪ÿĻȣ˵ɶˣˣ
οºһ߳յȥ˿ףŮҵĳȹԵӢ쪣ֲǸɶõˡ
ףţƯˣ㴩ػǰɡ
ο棺ʵ·֮ĵȫǶ࣬ҵʹˣҶ뷨ܾͻǣصǰȻ°뱲ӣңȻսϴȴҲгһΪԾвĶΪҶŬȥѧ
ο˵Ļôõһ·֮ʹ˴ֻҪһӡ
Ҳ乻ˣԺ󻹶ǣȥ׽˵Լοȥ͵뷨
֪ܲԼŮ˼ȻȫҲֻôӦ
գһ˱ػǣδǣӵ˻ϵܺܺ˵˼Զ췴Ѿռ˶һʮǳأԳΪҪ缴̴ƽҡ
ѣִֻ˵˶ϣԼѾǰ
Ϊ˻ڱĮ۶һͻȻزŵջͱίΣȴ˿ԹԣһͬӸݷݡ
Լ·֮οװİݷݳǣӦϡ
ΪʮھΣǸոһ𣬾ʹܣûܹһ찲ӡ
ǲʲôֻҪͬһȥﶼã˼ģҲ㵽ףο߻һ֪ĵο¡
ο¼ֱ˺õø׽һһ·£ο¾ͻһЩͬһЩ߹صȤ¡
ʱҹˣο»ߣ޲һ۽ɸԴǸŮӣֻѾֽȥˣƫƫûƵģᡣ
ǣ·֮ˣҹץݷݵĽֵܼȦܵȶת
ο·֮֮ҹҳˣǳЩɫ
ڳд̽˼գַЩսǵĵбı֮ģ˼ԶǸһڰˡ
̰ܿ࣬ǱϾǴΪץס˷ļɣһʼʩѪеݷݡ
οΪ˼ã·֮ţֻ¾Ҫҹ̽ˡ
Ϊõģ޷ɻ׽Ҳֻôһ̵׼ʱڳ뾡ɢա
ղŷ֣ȫǶˣİһǼƣ֪ҪˣܵضϼҴڵ뿪ˣʣһЩԸ뿪ҵģҲˡ
ַǷĶغǳأһƬɪȴ˿ںΪ췴ʱ
Ԯʱ͵һйݳǵϢʵ۵ţκ˲֪ѾݵϢݷݡ
һΪıȫݣʱһٹ»ǵʱ
лҪ˵磺·֮ϱûɫ
·֮һ˾ȻһСƽϣ

 85 

˼ԶǷҵϱ, ûûɷ, šࡱ, ʵô롣
ǸҰĺ֮ˣδԼµĽɽ, øǸĴ, ƴô꣬ΪĿɲһ֮֮ϡ
ʱ򣬷ɾŵү, λ˳һлǸλ, ϧԼķǶӶ, ûһӵġ
û취, ֻ뵽غ߹һɢķүʧȥϣ, û뵽һһξһС檸˶, ϲʤ, 齫ǸС檷Ϊ
ǷɸԼȡ, Ԣܼ򵥣ǷΨһϣڷҿνܾ˵ĳ谮ѾʮˣСδܹκίΪ, ֱһԡ
ڽתһȦʹйصĴԣһʮ꣬ʲô̻ʲô̾ƶĹݣûûȥģν嶾ȫ
ϢһЦµͻƿڣеһ𣬸һ
ˣȥǼ̻֮ſ˰ҹصλƳķ
СڼɼԵжãֵ˶߹ʱþһϳСһ˹
崩һؤ·Ź򣬡򡱵˷Ľ£Ͱ͵һѱס˫ȣֻܸΪһȡ
һѱһ˵үңǲңҿɾͱˡ
˴˼գȻ嶾ȫȴǸĵֻҪѵǰҪʩԮ֡
һôһϷǺ帺ңһλǸֳ֣ģֻ
Ȼ屯ҵģ֮ģŵ¼ᣬԼļͽˡ
ӵعڷǰүңʲôԣҪ棬ᱻץġ
ĺ壬ż˵Ǹˣȥ㰲Ÿ°ɡ
ҴүͷˡҲǼֱ߲֣ӽһ˷ҡ
»ֽǿճʱ飬ֻʹұڣͽϢݸࡣ
ͷӷҳĺ壬ⲻҪЦ䣺û뵽ôóأķˮ𰡡
һȥһȻ࣬ǩʱֽţԼֳϽϢ͵ɡ
಻ٶ˵ȫǳЦתͻסĿջϢ
ҹҵıͱ˸ըˣҵġ࣬͡ڱⱻըˡ
ɼֱҪѪˣԼôıһҹ֮ըˣԼ˾ԷһëûֱǼ˹ˡ
˼ԶǳԿԶˣܾôѲ˸ϵ˵ԼĻɣȴһӸ˻
ɴˣãһȥ˽ˣ˼ԶһȻԼҴˣõݷ
ǲڻǴҲ˾˼ɻָ̫տɴ
˼Զ˼࣬СһֱϾЩûѹܣ˼һеƣһƱҪŪ
ǲ֪Լ˵ҰģͷҲһͷҲһѾûѡˡ
Ȼ˼Զ˻ȥȴ⿩ģѾܾûյйݵսˣѲ˼Զ˵粻ʤ˱ĮݷݵһϢ
һʮ߰꣬˵ֶκ
ɲţΪ֤ʵԼĲ룬˽ݷݵпջһ飬һ񣬱Լˡ
˼ԶȴԽ뻪ʱ߾ʹβһˣɳβȥϢû뵽ԼΨһε˾һȥ³׻ˡ
˴һαװˣǴظһסڳǽһջ˷ɵʲôҲû
β̫ͬϤˣ粻ò˻׽ջѶһȴʲôû
βѣ׼ź򣬲ڡ
ȴβûѣڷҼգÿÿ£ǺԼߵĽԼı飬δ˼Զϯ
Ϊβ˵ʲô֪˵һСС˼ԶˣҲöԷ֪١
üͷڿջ˰Ĳӣһ⣬ú˼뷨ȥӽ
Ȼÿڷʱڣضֻ֪ܴܶ࣬ġĴү֡
ٶȳǩٶֳس鵽ٰŮӽǰ֮һԵʮֿŮӾͳڻ֣ȻĸߴȴغͿӢˬ
ҹ˵¹˵ʲôҲֱܴӾԸ߼¡Ļᡣ
ҲƴȨû³ԼͿĨĵ趼ʶˣ
ҲǺ˾ƣûϳǰԼǰտµļūΪǸū˼ᡣ
岻סعƣ˰ϣŴӷе֪ǵǿһ;
õԼҪϢһŴڷϣֱ߻ˣ˲ԼЬףƵġ
õȡ˷һø׼֧ԮݷݵϢԭشʵ
ϢһȻЩ֣ȴʮΣֻԭش
׽ӵźţݷݳ⿪ʼǣڳӦϣ˳ţݷݳǣ׽˷ҸҾ졣
˼ԶۿԼɱȴ£ؽݷݵĸ
˼Զڵм켸ҹûûȣԼʱֻþΰ֮УͻȻԼһٵغףձĮ
ʵģôܽͣ˵غͻȻӴ䣿
֮ʱȥ˵Σȥ֮һ棬Ŀӣȴû˿ĿãЩޣΪԼޡ
ˣ˼ԶǻعⷵգЦЦԼ˵ã˵֪ģΪĿѶɵģ˺ңҲ֮顣
һû뵽ȻѵǰԼڣ
ɣ֪ܿԼĲ²ⲻ׼ȷ
˼Զش֣ͷɢڼϣѾЩףϵ˿ڣȴ·оƵģѵ̧ۿ˵ΪۣҲӦã
˶٣˼ԶѵĴǣ˵ҲģӵЩ䣬ӮңԣӮˣȻǸʧߣҲǣ
΢΢۾ñӺݺݵسȥ˼Զ˿ڡ
ͻȻסЩļ磬Ц˵˼Զ䵽³˵ⷬģΨһˡ
ô磬ɱˣҫҸġ˼Զ֪Լвܻ˵ʹ죬ˣҲı䲻Щʵ
лҪ˵ǰף˼Զȥзˣ

 86 

˼Զ, ֪Ϊ𣿡һЦ΢΢˼Զ۾, Ƴһ˼ԶѾɫ, ֪ڱеĽ, ʲô𣿡
˼Զڳ˻֮ɫ, ŵưˣ֪Լ³, ֻ˭֪ȴԽŭ, ּɼض˶
˼ԶĿת, ˵ʹĻ, ;Լǰһſͱÿյ, Ѫһӿ
۾, ˵, ۡ
ļ, 翴һſվŵ壬ʾǣ˽ˡ
崽һ䣬ڽ֮УۻӾ˼Զ, ǾĴá桱һ㡣
Ѿݷݳߣ˷·֪ƣһһֱߵݷݺɽŷ۾ͨͨġ
һжȥˡ罫ڻҪ룬ӽֻңֻңòã
ΪЦؿһ£㻹ǲ˭㣬˭ˣ
úúã룬˵ʲôʲôǳ磬Ҽҷ˵ĻΪ˵󡣡
ĻЦˣ֪磽飬еĳҲȷȫɢȥˣ˺ֻ
Сݷݣ￪ʼסࡢ壬Լο¸Դһ֧飬ѸٵؾͽǶƣֻ˰µʱ䡣
һսվȨԭǻߵĳ購ֳس
˼Զ嶪ȥιʣ⣬˶ѺͻỪǣΣֻȻʵá
һصǣͱٽУ˽˽ͣʹ͵ĶƹһȦһϮľλ
鷿类ʵ۵£̴ߣȴѾݵ
ʶؾҪ㿪ʵǲԸԼ⸱ӱȴֱ޿ɱܣֻܽʯ׼䳰ȷ
˭֪ûۿ̴˵Цش߹
һţǸȥĸ˵л˵ȥ乬й׵ġ
ͻȻһתһȵ˵ڸ˵𣿡
ҧҧĥɳȥˣεǷǷòμ¡
ոջæۣûռ֮ˡתߣѾԼĶˡ
ĸ˵׵겢ǲģ˺ͻȻ뿪ıӰ˵Ų㡣
˵ˣ̴תıӰʧʣǡ乬ȥ𣿡
ĬƬ̣һȻԼĸײǲģȴûκ֤ݣ˵ⷬ˭Ҳܱ֤ʺǷоġ
֮У˭Ϊµأοһ乬еķϺ
˼ǾҪȥҲäĿֱӾȥǴ̴ǰȥȥ籨š
һ乬ĴţһӷùʪϢ̴æͳסĿڱǡ
乬Ů·£Ǻܿ㵽˽һƫſڣϺͱ
֨ѽһǰʧ޵Ĵţ̶һȦȷϳ˷Ϻûˣ볤ȥ
ϺЦ乬֮Եøǲһˣ乬˺£ѵܳ𣿡
̴һӲɾ¡
ſڱǴһƫѾܾû˴ɨˣǽ֩û뵽һ֮ĸ³һʱЩп
ˣжٿשжֻ֩룬мֻҶһϺЦţ˫հݣƤз࣬ҪҪһһΪͣ
ûĸϻֱͳڷϺĲϣʲô¿˵ݹֵۣ
ϺȴҲǽһֽۣƳԶЦ˵ԭ࣬ɲˡ
֪ûԼϻϺ˶ٱ˵ʱ˱ˣ˶˵ǵ˹ֲʵȻȵֻ㸸һӣλȻģ㱻̫ӡ
ȵ۲ŷԼųܣʺϵʵۣ뽫λ׹֮ˣ껪ΨһμҺӣһϮĹĶ㸸ʽֵܣսоγ֮ţȵҪλӵġ
ʱ㸸ʻˣҪǿĺ֤Լ̫֮λҡɹ˲ɢүĵŮкȨƣ㸸ʱԥҪ
Ȼһǲ֪ģ㸸һ˼һжƽϢعһduҩɥĸ
Ϻ˵ҲƲסԼĵĳ嶯ǰһץסϺ죬Щοѧ䣬ϵһץ֮£ϺסؿԣҲ˵һ֡
ǿԼ飬һһٵʣ㣬Բԣ㺦ŵԷֳΪʺ󣡡
Ϻһ߿ȣһߴЦãȡȿȡǱȡ˵ȣ˵Щ
һ̴̴̳ȥӹŮŪһˮϺȥ
ϺЩΨһһˮɫ˼֣ҲˣϢˣ˵ҲǺ⣬˱ȴһֱ֮£ã֪ǡ
˭ʳڡ
ϺԳƵЦЦһʼΪ㽫ܴϾֻǸ檣ΪףֻǱݲ˺ݶ֮ˣ˯
һδȻǺԼ֮ˣһ˲仳ɷϺ˵֮µ١
Ϻ˵ɺ±㸸һ㸸ʶһ䵭ֻҪһӽ㣬㸸ʾͻܴᷢƢĥףʱһСС檣ıĸΪ֮£ֻĻ֮ˣ㡭
סڣȥˣôһ䣬Ů˾븸ʵĹϵ࣬㣬˵ģһֶš
ţϺԼ䣬ЩƵֱһĺɫᴩֱۣǸЫ֮˵ܣЩ꾹һֱ¶ȴһ֪񱾹ҪˣЩΪģֻ㱣ס˼ԶҪʲôѾܲˣֻ㿴δķϣס
Ϻ˵꣬ظһͷϺ󣬷ϣ󳤹£
΢΢˱ۣʱڵصķϺ˵˵Ϊ棬Ӧ㣬ס
Ϻϲͷлʮº壬סŮǱ͵͵ģΪľгһܽ´£ǸЫȥ
ֱ뿪乬ܾãϺǾ仹ͬڶһ㡣
ǵһں֮УΨһֳƵģ˼㣬ʮָмϺȻɱ׵֣׸˭
лҪ˵Ϻ󣺾ܣڱ£ƷϸƷ

 87 

鷿, һŲӣϲ̵ؿս, ʤ, ⻼ȫˣԼֱǾôΪ
С̫೶żϸɤ
̧ͷ, ڿɫһ߽ʱ, ͻȻסˣһ͵ؿˡ
ôᣬôôⲻܣ
ߵ鷿, ϥأμ, 򰲡
밲˵һ, ûзӦ, ô͵ؿ޴, 
ֻ΢ٴ밲, μ, 򰲣
, ض񡣡ŻعǿЦЦǰֽЩˣ޿㶼ࡣ
ȷ࣬ȥ˵ɬ, ԽʯʣףԵðʮ㡣
޽ֻʡ·ЩƵģǸӣģ
ųϣһû˼ԶҲһֶûᣬ֪϶úһ˼ԶƵʬ壬˭ȷǾ˼Զ
ԼǰõĴ˵ϣݷݴʱҽˣѾֲĿҪ𣿡
鰧ʹ£üģ޲ֻϾǻӣ꣬񡭡
ϣȥݷݣַı֮Ѿáڻʵߴô꣬ܲ⣬˳Ļ˵ȥᣬı㣬ǱڲƭҲδ֪ǰԿɲƣ꣬ز˵ʲô
˼Զι˹ˣ֪˭ɡ
˵ͷ˼æ¾£Ȼ䶼˵ˣǱ㽻ȥɣһдӼ򡣡
ǣȥš繰һ񣬡ˡ
뿪ıӰֱʧôô񣿡
޴ΪҪԸʲôæǰ̽̽ӣϣ˵ʲôʲô񣿡
ͷûʲôȥ񲿣ɰһ¡
޴æ˵ǣūȥ
޴뿪˫ۣԵʮƣһбαϣʼһ޹ǵΪ硢
һ𣺡ү˵տɻУ
ˣһˣãȻ̧ͷȥȴӰûУ԰ѾˣҲû˵ˣǶǷ
˲ˣҲˣҲû˵Ļ֮ˣһ֮УȻϯ˴ĵ
뿪鷿ֱ󹬣һʱظ˷˵õľ蹬
蹬ʱȴնЩ죬̴վ޵⣬Ҳû߽޵һվڴǰ֪ʲô
߹ȥȦ뻳У˳Ŀ⣬繳ؽķ˿䣬ᣬһûȴø˺ܾã﷢š
ôˣʣʲô¶ԸΪ˵ǰ·οΪΪն
ס˫֣°Ͷͷ˲䣺磬֪һֱΪеĲҶΪȥ磬׻ţҲôҡ
գ㻹ңһжҡ
ҡҡͷһЦɽշϺңһжΪģΪɢү֮ŮȨƲ֧Ÿʵ̫֮λ˱㺦ҵףҵĸʿ֪£Ϊɱʮ꣬һֱȥ
˵ѾЩʣ͵˵ȥ
Ϻȥ׷ڵһʲô£˵Щֻ²ģ㲻Ҫڲƭ
ҡҡͷػһѾû˭ƭģϺ˵ԭίֱЩġ
ɣҾȥ飬һվֱ壬˫ֽסģһжҡ
ŻعƵģͻȻ˵ˣϺ˵ﵱѾڻʮº壬ǶҪȥ鿴˵ǷΪ棬𰡯Ƿ𰣿
̳Ŵ˸ָȻӴ֣˵ȥ顣
ǣѾȥˡ巽Ŵ乬ѾȥˣһϢ͵¡
һƣúôľôʧˣὫһˣΪ
ǰ飬ĲĻУԼֱ˹ǵļҡ
峿ȴһõϢǸº𰣬ǸȥʱѾ˼Ӻˡ
Ϣʱÿüͷúȥ׷ϢǸסĵطٲһ顣
ĥŸôϢתͷȴѾ·ڵ߳ȻѾ˺巽ŵĻ
㲻صǣȻ˳֣мѭʮаյ˵¾Ļ֮ʲôǱץİѱ
ǿЦЦ֪Ҷġ
߹ȥ·ãһϣԽˣϸ˷纮
Ϲˣ롭һϣǽԼ뷨磬عסһЩӣٻ
֪Ҫʲô̾Ϣţ۵˵ȥ󹬵˿ɣ
֪磬Ҳûȥ˵ͷ׵֣Զ޷İ
ãһͬȥ麦׵֡˸貵Ĺâסַڴӡһǣ֣ݣ
̧ͷ˵˵ס
ҴСǹ¶ʦʦҲزȥ˵Լ˵޹صһޱ飬Ҵ֪˭֪ˣױҵġ
˫һʱ鶯ż⣬ĲԼĴӡȥЩĴů紺
Ķݵģʱʲôû蹬һжԭʲôûֻǴ̴»˹
δţ˵ҹϺްˣЩССʧʷϺˣûʲô֤֤꺦֮˾
һֱȥ鷿һ˴ţǰۣǰ˵ʣҪҪҪעϢ
̧ͷŮˣʮϲôˣ޲ǷԸúЪ𣿡
˵ްˣֳ֡ʮְʹ飬֪һܣŻع㸸Щӡ
οЦˣǸúӣڣͺöˡ
߹ȥƳһϵۣЩ󽫷ϺģȫЩԻʵ۵⡣
ʣȻǶ˵ˣáԥҪҪ˵ڣ֮£޹صģȻʶͬô꣬ôϡ
Ļɫص˵֪޵ǻһ죬㽫ĸǨȥ˻λֻް֮ᡣ
סˣˣһת룬Ϻ˵ģôΪ


 88 

Ϳ, ﶼûΪʧȥһϺ˿ĳ, , һж
סھ蹬ǵһ仰û˵, ණ, ÿձɻʲôȱٵġ
֮󣬼Ľͳְ֮ȥǰֵ, ϱؾ蹬һ
罺, 統ֵ, ޲ʱʱ̶̿һ, ϧµÿһ˲
Ϊˣȴǳγ޵ζ, һʰ, ǵ, Ȼݡݷһ, οѧ˼У˲٣ȴɾ̫ڡ
ȻԼÿ춼Ҫ/ൽȴò壬Ƚơ
ظȥס, 㲻룬ͬ⣬˵ǼȻѾǷޣҲֿס
ûӣֻŬҽӣÿ춼ͻײֱԼƣ˯š
ת۾͵£ٹձǳϦˣ⼸ջԽԽǰæţҲû룬ֻ»һǱߵĶ
Щӣȴһӡһϲ񾲵һԼĹһЩƷ޴£ٳš
벻ףλãĸ׺ͷϺףɶ˵һ˲飬ΪҪ
Ҳ˵Լ񵱳ҲŸʻɱĸ׵һ
ôųܣô壬Ӧйģóộ
Щ»ݲ࿼ǣѾ˳ϯοڹã㱻ӽ˹С
ΪϦй磬ο´һϼȹӣضѹȺ
Ȼο½ʱ˶챻ϹˣһþĶǣˣһӢ쪣ˡ
·֮οʱеľƱһڵϣԱźĹŮһæϴ
ţ·ֳ֮вٹӶڶο¿۷׷׵ģ²˭ҵĹŮ˳ƯӢóС
·֮ôһ˲䣬Ҫõڳ˵۾ճοϵĿݺ˺
οȴƺƵģ·֮ϲس֣Ҳڰ⼸նû㡣
·֮̾˳ˣ̧߰ͷ΢΢ףҲˡ
һ·֮βͶѾ̵컨ȥˣȴװı飬ʵһţװʲôβǣ
ο¿һԼ˵ͷߵ·֮ߵλ£һѫӵܣһص°򤡣
ڳ֮׵·ͨһߣ΢΢üͷЩõصһԼĶӣűͬ
һ·߹ųд󳼣ԼһһףȻߵλãΪڻߣδˡ
£ͶޱƵĿ⣬һЦ
ֱһɲƫеһЦ̶ĿתѾǴ󸹱ˣѾ
ɸоĿ⣬̧һֱԼ¡СϴȰĿ⣬Ҫ񣬱Ŀֹ
˻֮󣬾޴ϸɤϼݵ
ڴĲ£ͬĺһ񣬴ʵԼλá
ؿһԼĳŮ˰֣ʾһֱŵȥ
繰˹ֱ֣ߣ͵͵ס֣һЦ
Ϧ֮ҹǻʵ۴Լµʱ˲⻼֮й֮˼ɵʹͷŵ
˼ʮּΪ˼ԶԼս˴˵ʲôҲֱӷΪ̫ˡ
û뵽쿴ԼĶӣǴȸһЦʾ޴ʥּ
޴֮꣬˼ȴɴʵ޷ԤϵʾȻֻǷΪڲ̫֮¡
תͷ͵͵ƳһԼĸЩӵ߷羿ôģôһҲûأ˼ԶˣΪλֲ
ҡҡͷʾԼĶӲҪżޱصͷȥ۹۱Ǳǹġ
꣬ϯʼ˻ϻĵػྴƣò֡
·磬ȻгǰͽĶǻʵ۵ŮֱǱȶӱΪҪȣƵȻ١
ȴһԴƵ۵ˣ·׸̲յˣӦһڣƤ̧һ£һȺΡ
һҲϰˣҲ⣬ԼһΡ
һҲȻû˻ǰûȤˣֵ徲Ժúÿ쳿ʱδѣһղֱ
Щ۵Ȥ˼ɶһ߹˵ú÷飬ֵʱսûܸ׼֮һϡ
ˮƣԲƣл֡
˼ɺ̬ȣһͷƱľһתĿⶼδ뿪磺˴˴󹦣δüء
繴˹ǣվߵ˼ߣ˼ΪԼ࿴ϲʱͿչѹ˵Ҽǵ֮ǰʱűȥ߹ؾӣһϢү֪ʲô
˼Ŀϱȴԣ֪´ʲôϢ
˵˼ɵıɰת࣬зżĸ߹ؽ˵м٣ǲҪϵԮٳٲүΪ˭
˼ɵɫɰת࣬תڣƬ̲ŻعѾԼλϣ
תͷ˿ִ쳣֣ûע⵽ߣŶԼľƱصԼλ£ϯɢȥҲδ
ϯɢ֮ͻʵۻعߵģںһͬ
չһЦǰЩӱ߹֮УԵó࣬ӢˣֻЩҶÿգȥˡ
֪Э¡ף֪æҲû˼ȥ߶š
ˣ˵ʲôȻʮֿģԼŮнӹһ׼õûȥϲһЩʹ͵ģǺöԭԼŮɡ
ĹŶδ̤ڣǰʱҲѵһԼķˡ
ȻһЦȻûŮ㽫µԼŮһ㣬վ͸ˣص»֮ϲ
ʾ£˵лˡ
Ҫֱӻع𣿡߱ʣˣұ͵һ̣Ҳ˵˵
ҲֱӸһ˽˺󹬣ֱ蹬ǰ½Ρ
Ҳ˽Σһ۾蹬Щϧ˵ǺΪƫԶĵطһסʵίˡ
ίطǱ򸸻ҪġЦô޺Ҳ֪һϲ⡣
ѽ¶ӡֵ˵¼޸Եģµĺӻںͷء

 89 

, ص޵̴Ϊϴ, Ȼ㽫˶ǲȥ, Լڴǰһ߿ϸüһ, һߵ
⼸һֱĥŷϺĻ, ЩлһҪǱ븸ǽֵ, ȵʱΨһ
μҺȵһս, ҲΪ˺, ȵ⽫λ, ôμΪһҹ֮˼һ㣬˵е, ἰ
ʱС, Ժܶ鶼֪, ֻʼǵμһС糤رÿ, ϲС档
Դȥ֮μСҲûгֹ֮һʹʣȴҶܹȥ
Եʮֹ, μڳʲôһҹ֮ʧأı
ı棬ʲôڵأμҵĸ׵ʱôϣ֮䵽ûйϵ
ţͻȻоһůĻӵס˳ƿĻ
Ѿʵ£϶ζһĴʲôô񣿡
֪μң꣬ͻȻ֣ҲΣɺϣȤҲΣòμʲôϵ
˵һЦ˵Լȴסˣ˵ʲôֱܵ
粻Ϊ⣬һıǼ⣬ع˹˵εôˣѵиϵΪǻʼңĶǻ׹ݣ
μ߸ǳʲô£Ϊλһҹ֮ȫʧȥӰʣÿüͷԵأȵ⽫λ֮󣿡
ǻɡɫҲʱڳеҪ̸ڣμң²ף벻ôϢ
μıأ뵽ңǱһҹ֮Ͳ
ûǸֶΡҡͷ߳ıߣЩĹ۲죬ûˡ
˿еǴ뵱ʥ죬Ϊ˶գʲô鶼ֵ֮ᷢҹĶǣοֻǽֵܣ
ЦŶ󰡣μҸ֮ʱҲ࣬㡭
˵ͻȻסˣԭ˵統ʱҲѣȻǸϲƨɺμС磬ҲǸͣ
˵Сû˸ĸһУѵɺϣ
ôˣô˵ˣֵصͷʡ
磬㻹ǵСʱ𣿡ӣһ¡
ҡҡͷǵˣ걻ʦʱһزȬ֮֮ǰͼǲˣҲǸ¶ûʲôɼǵõġ
ĬƬ̧̣ͷʱŬЦЦԺ㶼ǹ¶ˣңǷޣˣܵˡ
˽˫֣ͷϢ̶Ĳ֮УһţԼصϣһһ¡
⺮ХȴǴɫޱߡ
֮ں磬һֺ󹬵磬ʮ¡أӡȫˡ
ȻҲ⣬ȻǳĳϣȴֲòΪԼ̫ģοһ
Ϧһοԭ·֮ģû뵽Ϊ£ȻԷɴף˿졣
նǺǣ˵ˣЩǱıûУϲҵԧףϽһȽ·ȻˣҲӢˡ
λգֿȵѡȻҪ㵽ÿһλԼӹĲ;߶ǰϲŵġ
ȽϲǳɫǰĲ;߾ǵɫű£ǱĲá
ʵۻδģвԼȻԽУ·ԼѾǻʺһ㡣
һһĴ£ʺ⣬ɸеĺӣžͿٲɲøʱ򣬶չ˵ظϸ̵涼ϵȵĲǳʡ
ɶǧлȴԸ˷Լλϡ
ʱͿǧһ˵ݽٲ֮ǰҪʲô׼غ£ͷ̥ЩģԺͺˡ
һƬֵľȻʮ⣬ȷϺ¶ˣЩӶûġ
ϯ䣬Ϊ˰ģ˼䣬ʹණȴڲ֮¡
ȻʧȴҲûʲôڲٳ֣ȱһʺλְˣĶ̫ӣûʲôλ
һˣ㲻پᣬĵؽϯ꣬úõؽ˶ߡ
ں棬̽һԼĸʣ߹ȥкԵʮ硣
ܿģҪһͬ뿪ȴƳʵֻЦŵ˵ͷ㱻Ů뿪ˡ
³ʹȻϺ˵ǳԸӽΪΣѵǺıɱԼ
ǲϲ˱ǣΪΨһĻãѵбҪȥɱ
ŷϺ˵ĻǸĺܷӽҲֹһΣмһʲô֪顣
ôȥˣ뵽ʱйһ˿˿Ļ
ص蹬ѾڵˣӦǵõʲôϢʮá
æʣǲ鵽ʲôˣ
˵ͷһ˴ƳǸӣƼݣһƾǲʵ֮ҵˡ
˭ʡ
˳ߵȥ飬ڲ鵽ˣھ֮ӡ忴˵һδ飬һֱ缺˺ܶණһš
彫ŵݸӹ˿һʼдԼڹСźָ֮꣬ʼң׼źһӡ
˭ϣ޵࣬С࣬СΪòˣ֮󣬲ϱһֱֻ檵ϣҲű˹ˡ
ɹǷϺԼС㣬л֮λһżȻĻᣬϾȻðվ뿪һȽİĻûκϵ
˺ܾǲӣԽԽòԾǷϺС㣬ΪҪɴһɱ£ǣ˭
ſ꣬о˵һֱ׵й֮⣬κõ
ӣ´һ꣬º͵ʵ:𰵱ʱʱһɣ
һʻôϸģǿűףΪԼߴطˡ
첻̲סԼе彣˴ı
عǵĸʱȷǺңҲϲɲ֪ΪȻ˺ˣһ鷳ҹֱӰң뿪º壬û뵽ټ
˵ţΪԼİʹ¼ĺƵġ
ϸع۲İʹ֮ǲ۵׵ģǸϯˣ㣬ȻˣΪȴ뿪ˣ𣿡
һӣ֪أұϾֻһ񣬻δԼҴڽӴʵǲĲס


 90 

, Цŵ˵ͷһۺ壺Ǳ׽֮, Ĳ, ֮һҾͰߣɺܴ, ֪ô졣
˳ô, ô᲻ҪŻʵ̵꣬ͷǰͽĸ첲ץס, ֱŤ󣬴žȥ
ϾֻǸͨ, δ, ŵֱ˫ϥģ, £, ʲô֪, 治֪, , Ĳ֪
Ѿŵ״ˣڵϲסؿͷĵضͷһƬѪ
΢΢ףſ꣬ȻΪ֪, ¸Լ鷳뿪İɣ
һתתƺôӦԣ첲ͻȻһʹֱýļϣѾ·ǶС
ٲ˵ݹҵĽ뼸֡ӣѹĶ˵
һֱӣ˵£ңңҡʲôֻ֪ǸұȥпһӰԽǽ룬仹彣һţŵҿ񱼻ȥһҹû˯ڶͿѾˡ
ǺŻʮֳɹĻβٴᣬٺܿ˵ꡣ
۾ʣ£㲻ֻǿ˺Ӱô򵥣ֻ»ʲô
곹סˣƺûϵµͷµ˼֣ĬƬ̣˵ʥȷǼ
ΡΡִԼĻͳһƣӹһ̶ۣɴ˫̧ͷһ˼ı顣
̴ƽӹݵǰһۣȴȺı黹Ҫ𾪣һֻֽסǸƣһֻֽճȭ˶˶
Ȼƣ룬ָȥɱ˵ģ˻ʵۣڶ롣
ɱ𰣬ǲǴҲĺһ˲ˣסƵָ֣ڽףһһԼⲻܡ
ƺͻȻոסˣһֱͷһ仰˵
Ƭ̺ƽ˼֣΢΢˱ۣ˵壬ȥҸطϼӿܣ֪˵аٻضҪΪһиۣ
Ӷɸֱ˴һĻ˵
뿪еƽ»ȥ˲飬ǲģ⣬ٲǷйϵ
»˫ֽӹƣͷӦһƴֱӸ뿪
ҹʱ֮һһ֪ȴΪȻΪֻһŮʵ۲ʦڵسκһ˶ԣˡ
ƽЩϸ룬ҲǸ⣬Ը彫Ǹ˿ˣǧܳκ¡
峿οƽ˹ھ蹬޵֪˵Щʲô֮ʱŭġ
ο¶޵ڣʮֿƵĳɤ󺰵¿֪Ҳս֮ˣŵֻҪҪģضάͣҾͲţֻĶˣϻ᲻ʣ
޵߳οһЦһﵱ˵Ļǲˣ˵ڣ֮ǰǻڿ˵Ҫ޸·֮𣿡
㻹أ¡οһЦмҡҷˣ˵ôһ뻪أ
ĿԲָο᣺㡭
ο˵꣬תﳤȥɫĳ
տʼοҪ޸ˣ˸ϵϢڹвֶߣøְ汾У
ûգοֳŽĻᣬ԰ġףȴ۾ܾ˶Գģ˵ĳվ
ջοпʱƣٽ硣
ƹܺ󹬵Ϊһ£عŵˣ׼οٷŽ
˭֪οͨûգ֪㵽˽ƣ¸ö֮Խݴߡ
˵ʲôĶУʱʱؾͻᴫĶУԼｫĴˣȴ޿κΡ
ʵǿȥˣ鷿ˤڿָۣʣȢʱޱ֤ʲôѵ㶼ˣ
û鷿ŵ̵ϥأһֻԳһ˺ãǸο£δ
δѾֵǷˡȻʮֲãȥδ棿
һε˵֪ˣᾡ£Ϸġ
üͷ̾˿кβĵģĸ֪ɱΪ޵۸
ǣϷģվֻԣᴦµġٶȱ֤ųһΡ
˰֣ղźˣȥԼļ£ɡ
ѾΪλνͳһְɻһֱʱҲʵѡΪɣҪְһʱ䣬ȵкʵĽˣ뿪
ʵΪѾȨѬ죬߿ţ»ҹҲΪͬعסЩӵԭ
类׼գֱӱ˾蹬Ҳôο㲻ˣοҲԹԵû
գڹеһţһ쵽һúܺã΢԰ǵһ㡣
»ɤݵ
ۣѾǰˣº͵Ц˺˵ôҲǰ֪һҲðš
Ҳǹ㡣һȰǰӶ棬˵ЩӣӲùЩ㰮ԵĵģɻСʱһ㣬㿪
Щ˼ˣЩС·İˣࣿջҪͷһˣǹⲻȥ
ѽǸҼˡЦЦԼҶ˵ˣǸοǹ˵¶壬Ȼ޸󽫾ˣǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
սˡһĵģţСʱζǺܺóԡ
ǵСʱ򣬱˶ףûУü˶ĳԣĽˡ
ǿżὫһЩֻǴδ¶档
ǳֿȵĹƷΪ֮զ࣬ǰЩӻ·֮ߵô⼸վ˵Ҫ޸󽫾⻹ˮ
ֹأԳƵЦЦڱ߹ദЩӣǶŮ˿Ǹر񱾹޸磬ض뾡ֻɱ˱ĶС
·ģЩͶסڹСĻͺԼѾǺ֮һ㣬ܻỤģԺǸο²ٳڵǰˡ
˵ͷˣǾͶлˡ
˵꣬Ȼ۲ı飬һ˿ײâһ˲䣬ȫ˷Ϻ֮ԣġ
˵һ뿪ֱ˾蹬ԼĹ
صԼУԼĸԸȥοȻ˭֪̫ϣο½
ֻ뷨ӣԼȥǸο£Щǰˡ


 91 

ο֮ǰһֱסڳ, Щֽ֮󣬱Ӹȥ, ʱסڿջ
, ڿջ죬ͻȻһ, ʶͳԼذ, ȥ򿪣ذֱӴ˶ԷĲ䡣
޷ߣذһ, µο£ң
οһ, ſ, ſ˾Ȼ·֮, æذЩŤЦЦ
·֮˼, Ҳ˼, ټڱ߹ɹ÷ɫ, üĿмַ
ôˣοºæý, ɿسһۣû˸ţæŹϣôã㻹ǵһҡ
ο͵͵̧·֮ۿǷ, ƽյȣЩޱ߷°ðһӣйŨŨҾζ
һǡΪ
ο£㡭·֮תЩΡЩˡЩʹ񣬶ο£Ҫ޸磬ˣ
ǼǰҪ޸ˣЩǸǰϷΪΪοȻǱ߹ش̹ȴǸּҵһѺ֡
ǰ˺һУתŷ֣ȻѾ˳ԣҪ޸ˡ
Щղѣ˺ܶľƣҪһο£Ҫȥ籩һ٣ȴһֱʲôûֻڼ
ڼôסˣžջҪοµʲôֵʲô
ôʣοݽҧ´üͷ壬ĬƬ̶̣Щѵ˵ǣҪ޸
֮ǰô˵ģ·̲֮סЩ󣬾οѵôͱˣ絽ʲôõģԸ޸檣
οգգۣЩΪѵ˵󽫾Ӣ䣬ÿΣ
·֮ЦŴĻԭ㾹һˮŮˣ·֮㣡
ô·֮ǵһαŮˣ棬Ҫһֱˣ˿ؿڴһʹһЩ
·֮΢΢̧ͷ߰˵ˣֻ·֮δʶ㣬ӽŹţ··ɡ
˵꣬·֮ͷҲصˣߵһͻᱻԼģ
ο׻·֮վŵĵطֱܾ֮ҵתĿǱȥꡣ
ͬʱд˿һƬϲľƽӣӣʮϲԴΪ˼衣ֱӽɵλλֻӵһ͡
ȫĹУһΪֺûʵۣΥĵؿӣԵúһƬ͡
һֱ˿̿һСĽͻȻһĸһ죬סضС˼衿ŨŨ顣
һĻ쿴οԼĳŮ˶£ԱС˼衵˵Ӹһ
˶Цˣ˵ϣѳףȴǸδĺӣλᱧСӣ
ãҲƽ񣺡޷㱧Լ׵ܣûʲôԡ
½ۣ˵ǵϲ㱧˼衣һϲġ
û˿ˣ˼ҵﶼ⣬ⲻ̳ܲ
нӹӣƱ׾رţ˵˼ǺÿüӺ°񸸻ʡ
԰ɫһЦ㶼˺ÿܵȻҲȥ
ЦЦΪһСӣѾȥĳ׵Ժ󣬴˿ĵĻϲ
һƬ֣ʱȺУһô۵͵͵ת뿪Ҳû˿޵Ƴһۡ
ҹο»·֮뿪ʱǾıӰв԰ΣȴһϲΪˣȴһŷñİˡ
˭οü˲Һ£
İ˲ؽ£ȡ·ñ¶һԼգ
ǡο½ΣʵǼǲסЩǵã
üԣǱʮΥĵؿһ䣬һ¿ջĳ裬Ϊ빦ȻסªĿջίˡ
οµɫʮ䵭һ֣˵лңӦòֻסĿջġ
ȻһЦЩ˲˲οһе£ҿջȻ͵͵棬һп֪
ʱοǾϲı飬ӦþΪ˰ɣ
û뵽Ǹƽ￴һ˾ӵģ˽ȻųŮˡ
ں󹬣ЩȴҲ˵˲顣üݾмģһҪ޸ˣȴӣѲסջ֮У˽¼棬Ҳǣ
οµм־裺Ǻ⣬ѲǳҪɱҵģ
ǡЦ㻹ǸĺӣҪɱ㣬Ǹûл˵Щ
㵽ʲôοһַֻԼذϣٲ˵Ϊ£Ҳ
޹ǵַοֻϣôţһʽףʮгǰġ
ֱִϣ޶˱壬οһ񺮣һֱ߲ϵĸо
˵֪볤֮ǰãΪĿɳ𣬱зμҵţ볤ָǰĹϵ
ο³ĬƬ̣ʣʲô
ʹ˵ˬ졣Цӯӯ˵ܰ㣬ȻҲҪﱾһ¡
οҪ֪սˣƭңʲô³Ӧú
ŵƵģԼĿڣôűȻ֪ʲôģôսҲǸСﲻǣ
˶٣˵˵ϣٲ˵⣬ֻҪԱˣҲ֪ԹŶ֮ѪմȾọ̈̄ûһĻλǸɸɾġ
кθϵڿʼ⣬οԼ˱ƵغһڣѲҪҰȥɱӣոµӣ
㵹Ϣͨĳ״ɱǣɱ𣿺οһոճӤҼ˼ȣ
ЦʮսĹ˵һֻɱɱļ֮ˡ
˵ı汻ɱףʸһƴ̫һλģֻжӣΪܻҪѡһЧңﲻǰѡ񣿡
ˡοԳƵҡҡͷȻսȴֻǸС죬Ϊų뾩ŵ˻ʹ͵ҫڳгϵãѡĻվΣ
Щ֪ȻҲΪ㡣˵ֻǱ˵ݳʱƹܾȨƺӣǹڻǰҷӡŵһУǺܿɡ
οüϢǵһ˵һ֮еĸˣ֪ܵ߹ս飿
лҪ˵·֮Сɰˣοo(ini)o

 92 

οڳ˼, ǰһֻֻ˻ΣŻع, ˵ϢӺδ, ɿ𣿡
ƺʲôЦЦ㵱̽𣿻Ǳڱ߹, Ĺϵ, ᲻֪
ԣο¾͹֪ΣڳȨƣƾҵһ仰, ܶӵ
ؿο£Ȼܣ, Ȩ, ˵ӵ, ֻûҲܸҳ˵𣿡
ҴˡοԳƵЦЦ, Ӧȥҳ, ʲô, û˵ô͡
˵, СЦøĪ⣬֮ǰ飬һٵأ˵Ҳûʽ飬ֻҪץס£͹ܲȢ֮¡
οͻȻ˹ǣ鷳, ҪϢˣǿֱˣ
¡мƲƲ죬ΪһСĶ֣ĿֻĻӳΪӣλ̫󣬿ûҪ˺
Դ빬һ䣬·մྶ֪ͥ򵥣Խز¶Ҳǵͷϡ
Ƿ뱾ɽףͿ˼վȰһ䣬Ҫ볤ͻ㻹֪ôġ
˵꣬ñãֱӳ˿ջںһ۵ڹԿ֮ǰ˻ȥ
峿֮ϡ
οµг棬ֱ¹ϽԼͻЩӵĳըһ㣬
οܸоԼһ˫۾ڶâڱʯͷƤ˵ˡ
һ磬˵鲻Ѿôο»ֵ
Ƴһ۵ϥصο£ޱ˵ֻгһˣϳȫ
۷׷׵̾׷׿źҡ磬һΣ߷ο¡
˼ɼ״̲ס̾˿ǰĹʣСνһƬˣȫ
ڰԼο̧ͷмؿһۡ
ᶨش˼ɵĻүгŮӶñȫֻѾΪˡ
˼εЦЦ죬οҲһȥˣעӵΡ
ɢ֮󣬳ߣжοΪŮӣΪꡣ
·ͨ˺ЩοµĻƳ˵ͷײϵĶһۣ˵Ͳýӹܵϸ񣬷ҲһŮӵƷ˽֮£
·ͨҼһס˶ӣͷײӣѪ̾˿˵֮ɣǿϱҹΪԵȢ
·֮įҡҡͷˣӲϲһˡ
һ仰˲ԶվŵοµѨ᲻ҪǮƵӿ翴š
ߵߣѹ˵ջȥ˿֮ǰŬͰ׷ˣ
οʰ飬̧ȥԼ۽ǵˮ˵ͷ˵֪ˣԺ󲻻ˡ
·֮ͷο¸⽿վĨᣬȴһض˵ʲôۺ𱸡
֪ðһŭ߹ȥǿԼŭ𣬶˵磬㡣
翴һۣվͷֱ뿪԰ȥ
ߵ԰һƬ֮أ·֮⧲ػֱӸһȭ磡ľǸ쵰һƬϧίԼֻˣȴһٵģܾԺôȥ
簤һȭϲκŭɫ˲ǵѪ˵СѲ͵͵ˣôô
˵ѽ·֮һŭ쳹԰
ҪڣȻһ춯ɫ˵·֮ƾʲôΪͷôܾȻҪ޸ңΣ
·֮ڶȦٴ˹ȥȴ߬ģã磬Ļǲˣ
߬·֮ȭͷȴԶһϵ˸Ҷ˶Ƭ֮κ
ķſңվǲҴȭ·֮ôʹ鲻Լ֣Ҫһӣôôûã
ɵվ򣿡ʧŷſ·֮δٶϮվԶЩʶô꣬ʲô㲻֪ʲô㲻˽Ȼ˼ִʧ
·֮ȭͷ˻ȥǰŵʣʲô˼
ոǽжֻô˵ε̾˿·֮ļ磬һж߻һϷԼ˵ҪûбʵѡֻѣȡΡ
·֮ɻʣҪȡΣʲô
˵֮һ仰꺦Ȼʺ󡣡籾·֮Ͻڲ֪СӶοֻҪǲ˵Ҫʧȥֵˡ
·֮ҧźԤ׵ظһһȭģȻһСôΣյ飬㽫ںεأɶǣ㻹ʲôңΪΪ
ҧŭȭˣ˾͹Ҷִ
ȻѾ֪ˣҾͻᾡǡ·֮ѹ˵Ҫұ֤οµİȫ£ҾͲֻȭˡ
˵꣬һȭ֮ǰ·֮֮ˣ԰⻹һ߿ش󺰣磬壬Ļ쵰ҵϹ۲㵱ֵܡ
룬򲻹׼˭ǻ쵰һֱ˼ţ
˵ĻôôһɷĻһʱɫ࣬ĥŵˣٸСˡ
·֮һһ߳˹ֻ˶֪Ϊο޸£ο鲻һ·֮Ҳˡ
·֮һ·ɤӶðˣ·Ҳ˲Լ׺ĸһǵ飬ֱԼӣŷϣȻشЦЦ
ҹûڹУֱ뿪󹬣ȥοڵĿջ
οϢʱ˷ܵһʱΣǶԴӪȺֵһһֻļϣüʱջ֡
Ҳ⣺һüⳡϷȥֻί㣬Ůעڡ
οЦûûΣҪģȻҪȥģֲͨĹŮӣֻҪ·֮⣬Ҷν
οЦЦл˽Ϸֻ»ٶ㣬ҪػؼΣֱӴӦġ
֪ˣġοµͷοҲǴ̵ģԸ˵սԣһ
ǾͺãֻԺ֮˽¼棬ɡɫص˵һ߱㣬κΣա
л󽫾οºˬһ֣˵󣬻ΪҺ·֮顣
΢΢ףȻ

 93 

, һӰԴƮ, ֵ, ϹȻȥǼҿջ߾, ²ҿ̫, ֻԶԶƺ˼䣬ֺ֮ͺˣ˰ʱ뿪, ֱӻظȥˡ
һ飬·𿴵, Ƥδ̧һ, ΢΢ף֪, ȥɡ
Ӱ·ЩᣬĬĬ̧ͷ, ؿ˺һ, ûһ, ЩʧشӴƮȻ
ߵĴŮüͷ˵, ū벻ףڳϴʾܾȢο£Ϊҹﻹȥջ
飬һЦȢأʵΪ˳, ոձΪ϶в¼ɣҪ賤ϵģλʱﳤȥȻҪο¡
Ϊǵһν˵ȻȥˣΪ·Ȼ˵ͷ
ȥ͸˵һöƽ࣬ˣұ
ӦУ׼һȥο¡
峿οڿջԺˣ˰ʱĽڵߵĴŮ࣬һƣƣȴδ˵ʲôʱ
Ҳǿ͵ˣοһֱ뿪ջعȥˡ
ο򰵴˸ƣ˽ڹУŻ鷿۵С
ڶѻɽ̧ͷʣǳ˺£
̾˿˵ϣΪǸο£˳üճһȴ˻
ķܣҡҡͷʱ򣬷֮һͻܶ죬ŻףҪһһʱ̣ʱҲһá
ǣϽѵǡ̹֣ضþӺóġ0
˰֣ȥɣЩӶõֵˣȥ蹬޵忪ˣ顣
絥ϥأм˵лضóġ
뿪鷿ֱӻ˾蹬⻹Ǽǵһμ棬Ǻһȡ
±ϣļ磬һε˵Щίˡ
Ҳίί˲ǡĻУۣһŮעصľڣȥǣҶ֪ôл
Ѿµʼĩ·֮ȻСֻҪȥˡ·֮Ǹ㲵ģ;ھΣ֪Ҳ˳˵ˡ
˵Ҳá֣ʶطдʲô֮Ϊˣֻǣ©Ϣ
ţ֪һץסֵ֣Ƭ̣ź֪ط֣ؿдµǡ磬Ұ㡣
ۿһȣһһֱΪõķʽȴδڶ˵һ䡰񣬾ַʽ˵
ץסִյǣ۶ǰʪһƷ˿һҵ㣬ֹֻվ
һᣬĻ˿۲ˣӭȥĴ
ھ蹬գ˰һɢһԷһճһϦ¡
պӾ蹬뿪ֱӳ˸δȥοڵĿջ
ߵĺӰο˵Ϣ֮ڿջһصĶ˰գƽ˹
ο½ûֱȥȥһ˾蹬ƺ˳ȥϣ֮⡣
Ͷ·֮£ֻ͵͵УһžͱϱԴ
οۿһ죺лЩڹ﹬⣬ܾ裬ֻҵˡ
ɵѾͷḧοµıǵһǣʱж̣ʱͻ֪һ޴֮ˣûһǵġ
˵ƺЩпջԼ֣οµһЦ
ο±һ£͸о߲һɲȴǿŶģ΢Ц
ĬƬ̣ڿڣҲˣޱ㣬û취óԸģէ⹬û֮ˣ˭ϰ㣿
ƹػο˸ԥƬ̣˵ʲôǣҵĶˣұضֳŵ
ּۻۣ֪ˣһЦﻹǴֻǹΪ֮𣿡
οһĹңʲô˼ҲûУ˴̾ûİãĻм١
һ½һСѾͷּۻ۵أ
׼Լ飬ǩ֣˵ǩ֣ߵﱾҲˡһࡣ
⣬ȥ׼õԼ飬һǩֻѺǾʹ˴˹ʶ
οһӵˣڶһ磬ϳһ˼ɣ˵˰ڴսϮ֮ʱ߹ؽʹӡ
ο˵֮öһļž˼Ŀ·ҪԼǰջΧû뵽Ȼ˿顣
쿴οµĿ絶Ѿͷƾһ֮غ󹬲ðֿʼϳˣڽҷӣ˭ĵӣ
С˼ɻ⵽οߣʣڱ߹Ҳʮʶһȶмӣ˶𱨣
οº˺ʯͷƤ˵ûӵȷʶһ̣ΪˣŸ˽ӣ˳ٽҷ
οһ仰˳ðٹٵĹ׷˵ľмֵϾǶӣй֮ǧ˿ϵŮӣ˭˵
ڿˣտƾк֤ݣ
ο֤ݣ඼ģãʵǲ֪һ󹬸ˣΪʲôԹ֪ô࣬ݵĻܣ
ο½һȡΣõ֤ݣĿ֮£˼һ
ο½Լ׼õ֤ݵݸԱߵСֽ̫̫࣬תʸ˻ϡ
콫Щ֤һһȥ߹һǳذյѪ飬һؽй֤ݣԽԽĺû뵽ԼĳӸոı֮¶ӾȻҲʼˣûһʡĵġ
˼ɵһƬһƬʵû뵽һСѾͷȻô֤ݣΪ±ضοµݣȻһվȺ֮ףʼһԲ硣
Ϧ˵Ļ׼һֲԮ
˼ɫ˫ϥأδԴйǷ֮룬Щضݺ
ɫ䵭ؿЩ֤ݣ̧ۿ˿޻δЩ֤ݣôΪݺ㣿ҲЩ֤йˡ
˼ɵĺһϣûش𸸻ʵ仰黢ᵽˣΣвԼĵλҲ
ʣݶ˼ɲòʯͷƤͣο¼ڳ͢Ȼ󲨣Ʒ⣬˵ĻóĶţ


 94 

˼ôһ˵, мϳŸͣŮƷʵ˵, е֤ҲԲ, »ǲˮʯûס
˸Լ, ˼ɵʰ, ˼ؿһʼղһԵ磺Ϊµ׸Σ
߱ܳţĵһ, κγӽύҲӲ˵κĸйصĻ, ƺһͬʵİ
˴ȻҲ, ΢΢̧ͷ, Ƴһ˼ɣ̶Իʵ۹ֵ, Դһ֪, ּ, ԩү
, ޾ͽ½ȥ飬Ҫ챾㽫ȷܹȥ֮ô졣
ʲɣ˼ȴżˣҲ˲þ֮ǣֱӴ˸ʵĻ
һڳ˼ɿ亹, ˵ôżֹⲻ𣿳ĬƬ̣վû˵
첻ٿӴˣһ޴
޴̻⣬żϸɤߺ:~
һݣڹ뿪˳Ž·ͨ׷ȥ
ֻ֮ʣ˼ɴ¾ã£ⲻ
οܽͱ˿Լӵݣ˳ɾڱָʹġ
˼Զ췴һĿȫǵʬ˵˼Զʾˣһֱڻ⣬û֤ݡ
ĬĬ˼⼸µı󵽵˭ڲݣ˼Զˣ˭յƬ̣յóһ𰸡˼㡣
񣬸ֻʣӣ˼㣬иոճ˼衣һǰı֮ˣǸŮ˼ԸʲŻ˳谮
ôֻʣĶ˼ˣԼܿ޺ʵйᣬһһǲ
һˣ˼ֱȥ˺󹬣ԼĸԼӦϽڸǹȥ
׼Сһˣױʱɫһ
˼ɣôˣæȥ£Ƿϳʲôˣ
ĸΪɷһ飬Ǹʲô˼ɿڣɣڱĸӣճϲζһվͻĸ
Ϊ⣬Цһϲ̨檣΢λΪ뱾һЦ
ĸ˼ɲòԼĸ뷨ճ֮ϣ繴ᣬҪʮа/žһܴ⣡
ʶԣ΢΢ֱ:㵽ʲô
˼ԥƬ̣ǽȫ֪Լĸʱֻĸͬģܴܱ˵ı
˼˵飬һӷ:˼ɣͿǸҪʱ̣ô飬ǵʧأս֮Уĸѣ
ĸ֪Ѿܺˣͱ˵ˣ˼Ǻܺڣûаѱץ֮Ψһսľָ̫ûˣڡ
Լһʱ˼ˣֲûзǱ߹һ̡
һ̡˼ȻðͷһʰʱͿԴ֮ǰ黹˭ˣ
ĸ˵ͻȻһ󹬸ˣǸ˵£ŵû겻壿
ôţ˼Ҳסˣֱˣ뿪ʹԼĸۡȥˡ
鷿硢·ͨ˳Ĭã˭Ҳû˵һ仰ʹ鷿ո죬޴ϵ亹ܲһ㡣
˺ðΣ˵:ڷųο˵Ƕô
·ͨһ˵:ϣΪ޷粻ˣӱضЩʲôȻһСѾͷθңܲζӣ
·ͨؿһ磬ճжиִԣȻ·֮¿ĺܵҲΪ
ֻǣͬģӵΪҲݡ
·ͨ˼дη磬ֱԲģҲֻǿСͷˡ
·Ǻ⣿ȵʣѲɰΪο±ָ㣿
·ͨתԼе񣬿磬˵:ǾҪˣǸСѾͷΪĿɲôͻȻζһأ
ҳﻮ£·һЦ:׸ڻң
ǻɣϷΪ¾ڱָʹ·ͨɫ䵭ؿ磬һС뻪κ˶ûϵ㡣
ףˣһԲһſӦԵ顣
Ȼ׻ʵ۽·ͨͷʲô˼˵ͷ˵:׸˵Щӣһֱڹ鳤֮ͻ˹ĸۡһΣţ׸˿ȥ顣
ʱ:ԶԶԡû»ްŵģ·ǲʲô
ɲκˡ·ͨջԼĿ⣬תֻǳԼĵ뷨Ļ顣
ֵ̹:ϣȻ漰ӣһ£Ͻȥ
˼Ƭ̣̾˿˵:ˣ磬ڸУĶҲȥˣ˷飬޻ųųɡ
ǡҪ磬ȴƫƫ·ͨôһȦ˵μɵ
ǣסʮϵعһҾͻظȥµ֮ǰ
·ͨź֪طֻʵЩջȴֲ֮ڿڣֻóĬ
쿴һ۳Ĭ·ͨ˵:Ȼȥ仰罻
·ͨ΢΢뿪鷿
췽Ŵһƣ˿ȴһ棬üۣ˵:·ͨǸϾͷ㲻ҪͬƽϣޣԴģ޶Ȼ᲻㡣
лϡֻĸж£ֻǳǱߡ
ģ޻λļ磬ЩҲˣ⼸ֻɡ
ǣˡ繪һҾת뿪鷿
һӣһڲںڰǰ:˶ųˣǿסͷ
ӦٶϢûںڰС
뿪鷿ʹֱӻظ֪ʵһ˰иȴڹſƼƺһֱڵ·ͨ
·ͨ߹һȻ˵:£Ϸ޹ء
֮·ͨԽԽԽԽգʵ۾ȻһϳˣƫƫԼ
ȥǾøøһ䣬ȻϲϾǴĹ
絭һЦͷǿɰͷ˵:֪·˲⡣
·ͨüͷɫǵͨ죬ĬƬ̣תԼͼһҲƵˡ
˺ǣ˵:ǱߵĶ̫ݾߡ
ͷ:ǣǶǱأ
һЦ:ȥҪ˭Ҳס
˵꣬о˸ţ̼ظмûκͣ                        
лҪ˵лСɰ:
338055861ףͶʱ:2020-03-21 10:16:18

 95 

蹬
֪ǲΪնû, ԼʲôЩ᲻񣬻, ſڴǰ¹⡣
̴һ¸ϣ, ȻѾǴյҹﻹЩ, ϸ
°ֱ, Ҳͷʣ˵ʲôǲǺͱһڿ
̴Цԭү˯š
ǰһ㶼ûò˼, ˵ͷ, 롣
, ɫЩ, üͷ˱ˮ˹ºȵˮ, ūɫ̫, ҽưɣ
ƫͷһ۴, мƤ˵Ǻ˼, ˼ǼҹүĸҽҲá
Цҡҡͷշ˯˷纮̫ˣһū澱ҽ, ˿̵»ǿȥЪŰɡ
̴߹ū澿Ҫ̺ˣȻүū澿ɳﲻ𡣡
顣һ̴ıǼ⣬վվȥţһ磬˯߸غá
峿ҽû޴ˣ˵ȥ԰
ϴһⲻʩ죬ֻһȹֱȥ԰˭Ŷһʧȥ㲲ٸ
Ȼӣ˰֣ôϽ£ָ˱ˮȡ
ӹˮۿȴǷģлʹġ
ɵӣ޵Ů޹Ӧõġ۵ؿŮᣬ㿴㣬ЩӶˣɫҲãȥɲС
ҡҡͷۿԽˣ۽ʪ󣺡û£ЩڹдþЩưˡ
֪ﲻܡ̾˿Ǹοģû뵽Ȼ˲ʶ̧٣ս޵Ҫʡ
Цҡҡͷˣʣʵ磬ˣҲδɡ
·һֻһ΢ۿŮ˵ֻ֪һһһ˫ˣ޲Ǹοµóѡ
Ťͷ͵͵Ĩһ᣺лʣֻǴʱѳɶ֣Ҳ⣬㲻òԵ
㲻òԵԼأε˵޽磬㰮㣬ĵģִԲܸһУҲյû
˵仰ʱģʵǲ֪ʱյĵλԼǷƿصס
˱ˮĬһԼθһᣬЩĵ³ɫԽ԰ˡ
ֻʩ죬ɫͲã˿Խܣͷϲźۼ»亹
ɫԾ޴ȥҽҽ޴Ƶһֱţһ·С԰
Ϻͳҽһһǰ׼
ַʯϣΪһ̶վһߵš
ҽֻ֣֮¶ϲɫ룬Լһڲ漰κιţܺúõرһϲ
ҽϥԶЩؿ˸ͷһ˵ԼҪ
ֻҽ˵ϲϣϲ£һµУ̥ܽ
Ȼֱӣһĸ׵ˣȴΪЩ̫࣬ԼЦ˵ԼǺ˼
ϢʮϲЦ޵ҪˣҲҪ⹫ˡ
ͷԼСģƬ̼ɫֿЩ˵ʲôã첻Ҫˡ
ңһվЩĬƬ̣ģ޾㡣
˵ֶ꣬ҽԸӽտʼÿһҽŮչ˳ף
ҽϲ̵˵ǣףضᾡľչ˺õ¼̥
ص˵ͷת˵޻Щ飬ҪúϢˡ
Ҫͣȴ찴˻ȥֻ΢΢ͷĿ뿪
ˣ»ǰڵϵҽЦ˵ūŸȥ̥ҩ
ҽһҾ£΢ˡ
΢΢ױʾˣ뿪¶ϲɫḧԼС˵ڻĺˣ
̴һЦһͬǷǷ˵ū澹ϲ£ϲ¡
Ц˵󣬾蹬¶͡
̴ɻʣ˵й
ʱȻڣĽΪ󽫾ġ˵¹ȥֱӸΪɣٽйЩˡ
̴ŻȻԭˡ
ٶǷǷūͽϢߺȥүүضĵزˡ
סȥˣټʱ׿ڸ£ȱ𴫳ȥҽʱ˵Ӳʡ
׹Ǳ֪֮У֮Ҫ۶ˣʱһδƽһ𣬵±ضûú̥
ԼСҲ֪ǸӻŮ˵ϲкŮ
̴Цū澲£ֻҪǹģкŮүܿĵشЦ졣
ʳָĶͷЦֵѾͷԽˣ
˵Цһ»£ˡ
̧ͷŴһŴ΢΢˵ͷֻǿǱһ紵Ҷᶯ˶
̴æߵ˴棬㿴ѾˣǷǷ
Цʮͣ°á
ǰֽԷã˵ԱĺãϣԺ󲻱ˡ
ȴЦ˵ԵºӦõģ˵ҲӦõģеܷϡ
ĬЦЦЩһֱ뷽跨ԼһЩУ㲻ķˣֻҪʩ죬㿴ɫѡ
۵˵ЩܿˣɫҲãЩѪҩģ²һ
м˵лˣ°ɡ
нӹҩģųǷǷֱԺȥˡ
ǽǹⲻȥǸ˵̴ȥȡ͸һЩΣ
̴ǷǷȥˣιһȽõóֵĽҡúװ˳
һۣ˵ҡǱʱޣǲ°ɡ
ϲ˵ͷȻǵµ⣬°ɡ
๧˫ֽӹӣȻ˵վ
Ҫ˵¾͸뷨ǸοĻȥϴżۣ֣ߣôһ˻˼ι;Լܺ͵Ტˣ
⻰˼֣ۿˣЩӣ˶ȰҪȣǸο£Ƕˣкݲµģֻ汾롣
ЦЩŵ³ôܲأ
мؿһۣ۽ΣСûףʵײʱڣ
ۿҲˣˣˡ
лҪ˵Ϸ˭ʤһ

 96 

ںۿ׽˵Ż, »˵οˡ
Щõüͷ:ʲôӽò𣿡
̾˿:ȻҪĶ, ǳҪټ, ɡ
»Ӧһȥſο½, ȴѾȲشԼܽ, ֱӴ˴ڡ
һţοֱӹ£۽, ʵ˵:£һжǳĴ, 벻Ҫǣ
·һ, ˵:⻰ʲô˼, ôǣˣ
οµ˸ͷ˵:ҷҪ޸, ûκιϵ, ·Ź
Ц:Խ˵ԽͿ, ôŹˣ
ο²˲, һſսϵӢעվ
ο:ڸУ˵ʱջظһȨѵǰݵͣ
δڣȴѾƲȥ, ǳ⣬ڹУǱ߹ݣ֪Լͬ˭˵𣿡
˵꣬ο°˸ɫκǸֱֱȥġӡİʾ
ûҪͬһʶǺܺקק䣬תο˵δҪΪ±ǣ˲ظӣѵ㻹ûף
˵οһǵͨ죬Ҳ˲ڳ˵ѵһ½ôͻɢ֮һ㼵ʣ棬ļƲߣ
ش̲ס:סڣΪ蹬ʲôطСУ
¡οºȻֹҿԲ޸ֻһ裿
ɫһ:Ҳ㣬Ȩ񣬶ҵĶ£Ƿ綼ùл
οվ:㣡ô˼
˵ȥ»һɫʾοȥ
⣬ǰקÿҪο£ֱӳ˾蹬
תº͵ЦЦ:ǸûнСѾͷĪҪûӡ
΢΢ͷںŨܵĽëסĿ⣬ȴ˭ܾ
̾˿Ը:úչҵ£ʲôҪұ
Ӧ͵˹⣬ԶˣŻȥ
ֱӻعһż:ͻȥˣ
ǷǷ:ǣū͵⡣
һ:οǳ²࣬Ȼܵ蹬ȥΪԼ˭
Щɻ:ΪβҸ׵ˣοһƾǻỵµ
ĿƲһ:Ϊ룬ټĻǣбʣҲõ𣿡
һ̵ͷ:ǣū֪
Ҳüƽϣ˵:ο»ٶȽǲȥţֻҪһ
οǸסο¹磬ġˡܲ
Ȼҹο¾ͽ˹ֱӴĹС
ο¼˵:Ӧң²ǣſϰ㣬϶ˣȻΪлĽ󣿻ϱضŶӵģΪǹݺӵġ
ɫ䣬˵:ֻǴӦ㣬²ù˼ûӦ㲻ǣ
οµɫ̱絶˼սɱе:ʲô˼ͷβ㶼ֻңҪӲţ
㼱ʲôԱߣϲԹȨϱҲǸ˻档
˵ο²ˣᣬǹҪģ
ǻм٣¶Ц⣬ȴ۵ףϣûƭ㡣
οЦЦ:ֻҪǣôС
ºһЦϵֱ:ǸɵѾͷͰİźãµġ
Ĺ˵Żͬʱ˼Ҵҵȥ鷿ʵۡ
쿴ۣʵ˼ѾƮ˺ԶԼʱƣ֮ʱΪŴɿڵĵġ
֪ǲˣЩǻǰ飬˵֣Լһ𳤴塣
üȻغһ𣬾ϣ쾪һ亹
عЩͷذ˰֣ʾ޴Լ˭Ҳ
޴Ҫ鷿⣬뷨ӽߣȴѾ˽Ӱ޴һ˵²ǳʲô£
Ҳ˲ֻǷǷ:ϣƹܺ󹬣⼸շһֵ顣
Щõ:˻ţʧӦеͳ
һæ˵:ˡʵ̫죬ǣǰŲòʧ
üͷ󹬲Щ˼ңǣʲôǰ֮£ĪҪԼӿѣʲô
ûʵۿڣѹʯͷƤ˵:檷Ǹο¼Ϊܻᣬ˿̣С
¶صı飬Щӣο¶볯˭Уһֱûκ⣬ȴȻǺ֮ˡ
Ļһϸӣֻ˳д󳼣˺
޴˵:ýֱȥˣֱӴ鷿
޴Сȥ֪ͨˡ
һֱûҶ:ϣ漰ӣӦñӣ檸ˡ
ȥ˵˿֪ˣ֮ǰʱҲû˿ӵ˼
¶УһǱѾѹͻο½鷿̶ȫص˳ȥ
ǰ˵һ̣֪Ҫ꣬ο̫ˣ
ȻһȴҪһɻ:ϣǷʲôҪͶˣ
˵:ʲôʮǰ͸ɱ㣡
ԭһ˷粻飬⻰Ȼ̧ͷӣǹ˹ж⡣
ʲôû˵ȴԾ˵©죬Ҳ:οŮӣȴҲ⳼ѵ֪⳼ᣬǺ
Цܻضϻʵ۵Ŀ⣬·𷽲Żʵ۵һ䡰ʮǰ͸ɱ㡱֮ԭļ
Ц:ο⳼ҲǸŮӣȥ蹬ధ󳤹ȴϳ檲ǰο˼䣬ѳ檵ˣ±˵Ů֮强ĻôҲ𣿡
οһžֱӵϥأ˿̵ͷһԲȴʮָпû뵽ͣʵ򲻽˼죬Ի϶˲
ƺĻסˣûпڣ˺һ˵:Ȼ㲻ϳϣֻн͵Σ֪˵ֶΣ
û˿ɫ:Ȼ£檲һŮӣǿ˵˵ʲô˵Ļ
ҧźеŭ𶼷йο:㵹˵˵㵽Уʲôȥˣ
οΪλʵۿЩ˵ʲôȻʼ˵:˵ֻǽﵱһ㾴أ˵˵ﻰ                        
лҪ˵Ҫ̨ˣһҲ֮ع⣡

 97 

οô˵, ŵһӵԭλֱӵѾͷһжг, ʱٴ, ʵҲΪݺġ
ЦЦο£볤ݼµ궼˵ͷ, Ǽ, ôôͰɳˣ
οµһ죬һʱ֪ôش⣬ʲôҲ˵, ͷһֵ̿ģ
ο, ٲ˵ʵ΢΢, ˫ĿĹâ, ޾һӶ
Ҫο¾ֵشУæ˵, ¶ɳһҪΪ, Ϊ߹صսʿָ, ûκιϵ
, ôŻһСѾͷ𣿡һ˿ҡ
ˡ첻ƣŴԸ硭
ϣο´ţҧҧƺ˺ܴľģ, һжΪ˵԰Ķˣܰ볤޾ɺãЩ֤ݡҵġ
΢΢˱ۣԼıô꣬û뵽ȻһɥȫһΪѾͷϣǺܺڵѾͷ
Ǳ߹߹ü𣬾Ȼôͽ˸ɾ
зɿؽһ飬뵽һûܵĿܣοⰲŵߵģǸһƣ
עǰˣ棬ײ˼֣Ҫ⵹Ȼڳô
촽һĿؿˣЦ㻹ʲô˵
һЦЦ죬Ӯˣܿܣûʲô˵ġ
ûΪԼǶӱһ䣬֪ʱ˵Խ࣬ͻԽŭǲСģܻ˼㲻
쿴Ůˣתȥ˰֣ȥһ˵ȫ£ȥ󡣡
˽ѹȥˣչ˳ƣǺദѹ˳ȥ
һӰڰű˴ߵĿ¶ʹõϢ̽û뵽ǳˡ
ߣ鷿ֻʣ죬ɹŵο¡
οµͷ˵һʱϣĵϽ
̽ϳȥ뵽֮ˣ񻹲ͻ֮ʱĬãʾ뿪
޴æ˵СѾˣ㻹л
ο»Ȼ㣬ȥлϣֻǡϣǳãȷ¡
С޴ʵǷһѾͷ¶ݣСҲǱã֪㲻ͬƽϣлȥɡ
ο»˵ʲôȴ޴Щ˻ȥֻգ˸ͷվ鷿ȥ
뿪ʹοµֱӻ˿ջһֱðô󣬻ǵһθ£ǽżˡ
սţͿջһˣ˼ҹһزֱ˹ȥ
·֮ˣЦ˵˸ңͽˣܾС㡣
ֻҪ·֮ο¸ղŵĽźͺ¾ȫԺˣԲ֮ǰƭ㣬лл㲻ǰӡ
·֮ԼؿڣΪ߲嵶Ҷףҵ㡣
οº棺Ƕ֪ҪĶˣֻ˲ͬҡ
·֮ͻȻסϵ֣᣺棬ģǰ·ѣֻҪǶԱ˴˵Ĳ䣬ܻа취
ο˳վ˽Ļףлл㣬·֮
·֮Լײ۵ؿڣ۵Ц˵Ѿͷ󡣡
οµĿһ˲ϼ⣬ز񻰣С·֮ȥ
·֮ӵסȦڻյ˫Ľë룺һжˣ㻹ڣҵҲû䣬ã
ʹΣһιƹܣһǰƹܣ˻ʵۺ˭Ҳ֪
ͱڰ֮У棬ȴȻһº͵ģͷ˿һ·ԼĹС
Լ߹һļڣͷȴһСѾͷıһ븴ɸ߸ϡ
˼ţͻȻоƺˣȥƣʱܽģֻǸʱгûĺӰ
Ϊڰ֧ɱѼϢӰǺ죬峾
峾Сһͬ󣬶㺣ϧãӲ˿ѾΪɲԸһۡ
ҲǻǸʢѫӵܣȥףȴǰһھܾûԸ檣ҲԸýȢӡ
ô꣬ΪǧټƳΪ֮λȴǱٰãЩںֻҪܿҲġ
骡峾ỽĹⲽˣİɣ뿪˼ģ𣿡
̧ۣؿһ̶ۣĵջԼĿ⣺Щˣ仰õĶһĴ𰸣㲻𣿡
Ȼ֪Ľ峾ǲĵҪһԣ骣㲻ԸߣҲҪȥֻҪ뿪ȥĶãҸţҾǰһֻҪʱ֣𣿡
峾ҲԼİ̫΢Щıһһڽ£ȴɲ
Цˣ֮жЦ峾ôˣ㻹һ棬ʵ۲һ뿪ġ
峾Ϊҡˣ۵׶⣺£ҼȻ˵Ҫ㣬һ뷨㰲ȫ뿪
룬ƴҲҪ뿪
ͻȻ̧ͷô꣬һ˿⣬ֻǿͨ䵭ȴ峾ϲ
˹ǣʣ峾ЩΪβɻ飬ΪζҰ˳
峾סˣû뵽⣬ĬƬ̣˵骣ôˣѵһ㶼𣿡
峾Զǰһμ骣;վ⻪ټСܱȵģһġ
ײɣҲգһ죬ȴ춼ˣʲô᲻һʬ⡣
һżȻĻᣬ֮УŷһõĲ£ڿÿ춼ˡ
Ц绨ˣүС
ǸΪˣһ̣֪ΪζӴ˱
峾Щ꣬Լ΢˳¶ģȴ˿⡣
ЦȻף㲻Ϊҵ壬ôûеõİˣҾǣӴǷ
㡭峾ᣬĺ˿Ů˵Դʲô
֮سĬƬ̣峾ڻǰƬ̣ɫصת뿪
ıĿȻƺıӰһʧڰ֮У֪ʵ۲Źֺιһ˽
οˣ峾ض޻ʵۣδɵ£
һˣЦֱЦԼᶼӿ˳
лҪ˵峾С~

 98 

ڹϢ, ͻȻһɳɳһԾ, ڴ⡣
幪, Ѿץİ֮С
˵ͷ߹, ҽҹҪȥ, 
һȰ裬ȴһ֣, ջûڣתԾ뿪
˵, Ѿ, ôȥֵط
̴ҲһԸ͵ǰ, ֵط, , ֻ, Ǳȥ, ūȥ
ϵҡҡͷұȥҵôе֪Ϊκס
úȥǸԳӵ꣬գթʵԭȷڵкӰȥңȴûʲôơ
Ǹһİӽ, ǸеĻ˵й¶ȥ֣ȫ֮ء
ͨǸ꣬跨Ǹ֮ˣ˳ϲ鵽峾ŷ֣ԭ峾һԨԴ
Щ꣬峾ΪûΪ¡
̴֪ԼҳƢѾ飬Ȱ費˵ģֻøš
Ҳ֪ô쵽ģ֮ʱѾڰ֮мΪǱȴɵ
ЦЦʱ򣬻ҲģҲֻгˡ
㵹֪֮Ц䵽⣬Ƕ塣
˵ЩȻ̧ͷĿ𺣬䵽ⲽأǰͣһӥû뵽˾ӥۡ
ϷǺãЩԱչмӡսȭͷǷϺĻΪǸĵˡ
⻰˵ûǲϺ˵ЩỳɵͷϣΪˣȻ˹ȥ
Ц֮гЦԭǷϺ˵ѹỳɵΪԼ¶š
ô˫ֽճȭþȫʣ㵱굽ôģΪʲôҪɱ
ȻзϺѣһҲôʣһԼǰһƷ˿øׯ
˵ɱɱˣôΪʲôۣ˱ĵ𣿡
Լ侲ҪӰǣĬƬ̣˵ܺãȻѾˣҲòԩ
ǳǳһЦǸһᣬһģʵ˶ġ
ûеõԼҪĴ𰸣Ҳ֪˵ʲôԲ˷ʱ䡣
Ҫߣղˣ¶º͵Ц⣬ӭȥ
֪ʲôԭǴſģ̫ûӵסֻ֡
һ˲䣬һֱȻȴͻȻһ˫ץסеդ󺰣磬𣿡
üŮˣ׼뿪ط
ȴţͼע⣬ִ֮мԵʮֹ죺磡ߣ֪ҵģ͸ȥ
粻ᣬȴһɻˣеġ硱ؾμ
ΪʲôὫϳѵ¾ɵ顣
˿Ĳ£ľԼСʱʶǸμС
ôţѾ֣뿪˰ֱӽ˵ſڵΣḧգ˵Ȼȥ齻ҡ
һãȻص˵ͷԼ뷨ȥú÷һμҵİһЩ˿
뿪̶֣ڰ棬صͰһ㣬ֻûͷӬײ
֮ǰĺڰɵʱ򣬰˶һȺĵڽӽ簵һƣеĽ
һյĹȺ˾͵˰ſڣȥ峾ȴò̫ԣôһûС
˶ˣȴѾˣǴǰΧס
峾֪Լ˵ȴͷ֪Σڵһͷ˰
Ȼ紩ſף彣һҹһ棬һ򵱹Īơ
峾ͻȻʶԼҹܾȥһܶ
簴˽⣬䵭˵Ͼ¶꣬Ҳ㶯֣㻹־ܰɡ
峾ҡҡͷҲ־ܵģ֪ͽǲܾȥˣֻ㿴ǹ¶ķϣҽȥͬһ𡣡
ܡȻܾΪôĶټ֣ϻ᲻֪
Ҿˡ峾һЦǻģҲ֪ҺˣȻˣһͬȪ·ϣһ˻Ầµġ
翴ͻȻһԼ֪ѾˣȴƴظĮУһ档
ɶ峾֪Լͬ·ˣȴ˵ǻ㣬Ҳһƴؽȥɣ
仰һ˵ĿϣĽҪ峾ȥ
峾ϲѣߵߣļ磺л㣬ʱյĵλһ£ҺʬһǸڣνֻҪһ𡣡
΢Щ㱣ͱ峾˿ܽȥսʣ˰ˣϲҪһҲһ
һĽ峾ȻҪɱң
峾Ц˵ȻҪһͬҲи
һ߶һߴ󺰣ӣ˭Ҫһͬ磬ߣ
峾ЦҡҡͷⲽأȻֻġ硱΢΢˱ۣеĽᴩ룬ӵ뻳УоԼʹȴЦŵġ
ֵӣȻңȻҡôȻһۣ
峾ӵ̾Ϣڿӵ뻳˰ŽߣѪ˿Ĵ֪ͻȻȥ

߳˰汻׽ĺ˵ǣȥˡ
˶٣ֶˣһѻ𣬽ҹǸʱѾˣŻԷ٣ڶ峾𣿡
ȫĬȥ£ŻķŻ̧ʬ̧ʬ壬峾Ѿˣֻһر۾ĴһǾֵ۾һ˼ı顣
ǳ統ؿһͷһ˵лүǶὫʬȥᡣ
˰֣뿪̧ʬ壬˳Žָһ֮ˡ
İһѴ𣬽еⶼ档
վԭسĬƬֱ̣ȥ鷿ġǰ˵һ顣
ȴԲţ峾ټôֻ֣Ϊ
ͷ治ɫģʬ嶼ѾΪҽ
춢տ˺һҲû˿˰֣ˣȻ˶Ѿˣޱ㲻׷
繰һҾǣˡ
쿴ıӰһһʧ鷿⣬Ȼâ֪Լһǣվˡ


 99 

鷿, ֱӻ˾蹬Ѿ˽, ڲϷˡ
վڴǰ, ¹Ȼ˿, ϴ, ֻ߹ȥӱס
Ц:ˣ鶼ˡ
ͷ˵:ˣѾ, ɱĸ֮ˡ
Щɻüͷ:ܾ²ô򵥣㻹ǵʱ, нš硯, Сڻǳ, ܹʶֽģֻյμ, 
ȴ˵ȥ, ڻת˸, ͷȥ, ղе˼Ϊһǡ
ȴļ򣬴ſԼŽߵ˵:С
Ϊˮˣֻý𣬷ڴ, ׼ˮůůС
ס䣬ץַԼСϣ˵:磬Ҫˡ
ʲôƬ̣عʱеӳ貶ĿĹâ˵㣬ˣҾҪˡ
˵ͷḧСȴִÿˣ޴ؿСһûɵС顣
ЦˣԼ£ַԼСϣ˵:ϲкŮ
кŮãֻҪġĻش̴²һޣû뵽кˡ
۽ʪֽڻУķ˿ǣ΢΢۾
ӵߣһҹ
峿ȥϳԸ蹬£κκ¶ôųϢͻӳظ
糯ʱ쵱£һǶ˼Ǳݺȡڶ˼㱻Ϊڱߣ̸ء
öըˣµˣ˼һ飬˼㱣·û˵ʲô
Ƕһͬл֮ڳΧˣͻȻһڵ
һʮֲõϢ˶ϳڲٰˣͻȻϮѾƽ߹ء
һϢ˵ĿⶼΪ׵ϣ£û˱С
˼룬Լòõľ֣˹
̵ϥ:ʣ֮ǰݺԭ򣬻ǶĲãξöս
˼һڣöһƬţЩһսʰо֣ôҪȥ
ֻʼޱվڳ֮ףһԲؿԼǰһĶֵأ·жôĻ
ɫ˵֮ǰ֪ԼĶӼＸôһսҲ㹻ˣ˴ȥ뻢
һڳڴĿУ˵:ΰΣ
һ֣˵:¹ش󣬻ɻ϶ᡣ
찵ĥĥĥ˼ΪһЩΪͲŴ򲻰º͵ϳ
˵ԼҪһ£糯£˳ˡ
ɢ֮硢˼Լ佫ͱȪе鷿
鷿ڣ˼ɼҪԼ˧ȴٳٲ׿ϣֻ˵ڳ
һԲֻûһ˸ҷԼļ⡣
ֻ:֮ǰʤ̵ۣҲǰˣǰ롭
Ļ:ϣм£ŵڳ֮治˵֮ǰػһдϳ̫ӵţġ
мһ֮ǰȻҲǷ裬ԼλҲǲٴɫɶԻʵǱϹϾģ񾹸ֱӴϻϵĻ
⻰˼Ǳ˪һˣ֪óֵģضϳ̫ӵɡ
óһţ޴޴תʵϡ
ֻһۣ֪˼ɵֱʣһӣڳһ˵ԽԽˣҪĶȫϾɱ
һ˼ɣ˵ԼЩӲλᱻץסѱͻȻһֵѹȸС
˼ؿһ磬ͬҲΣѲɡ
ܣμҵһҹ֮ţǸҲڴ֮Уܻ
ЦѾôˣָоǿ̹ġ
ڳŻʵ۶Դи˵ʱ˼ȹ:ֻűԩû취֤ףǾֻдøŶ
˼һʱһ仰췽뵽лɤԭǴ뷨ӸӿѵģôһʲôҲ˵ˡ
̾˵:˼ɲ˼ұᣬͼ߸Ҵ룬ӽտʼΪ̤뻪ǣ
׻ΪԼĶһ̤ܲ뻪ǣһ仰¡
˼ȴ춼ˣһƨίڵأԹĿϣԼҲͲᱻƵϳϵ䵽ⲽء
컰һ䣬н˼˳ȥĳ׼ֱȥ⡣
˵ϣϳºͣض̫ƣڱ߹Ҳһǻܹһϳⳡ̻ܱ⡣
˼ɷ·ϣ鷿˳⻰ܽ£ʣϳֻ̫ǶһʱĵΪȥȥ߹أǱضֲûϳǳҲǺõġ
Щͷذ˰֣ȥ޾ǵ
˼ɱٶȴߣزֱͣŷȥ
콫ڳǲɢԼĥһϣױһϳܱһսȻʲôԸ⡣
żĳ֮־Լڲס磬¶ǣűߣɶǣԼ޿κΡ
еĳǣΪףһٶس״ߣֻʣ˼衡
һеޣܶù磿ЦգѾް취
ţͻȻʶлһǲȨƣֱԲģǾ׸·ͨ·ͨվԼߣǲҲЩģ
첻ɵؾԼܿԼӣ񾹷ˣȴм֮ҪĬĬԼȨ֮ѡ
ЩԵ޴˵μûиûʵۣǲһжǽӣ޵ĻҲΪ̫֮λѾĻ
޴˵һ亹μ֮£ʹǽɣ˸ҿἰȻǻʵҲ𻰡
һûش𣬲˿ŭ֮ɫ·ԭ
ʵһҲʵۡֻǣû취ܣԭԼĶʹˣⲻǳǸ𣿡
˵꣬ԼڸҲûʲôڳУѾûмˣܿˡ
޴ǲ˵ֻǹվһԣ·һӡ
Ľֵܵģζ޵ģЩʹ˵ԭ޵Ļλǡ
˵Ȼס˿ڣ˵ˣЩʹر˫Ŀ


 100 

, һͬ˵ı鶼⻶ϲ, ܾе߶߶ġ
Щɻ˽, ʴ:ôˣ
һ۽ǰ, ˵Цȴ˵ļһ, ãȻҡҡͷҲôˡ
Ӿ԰ȴɢס, ߹Ůº͵ЦЦ, ͳȥ, 㸸ˣ
ڴĲߵǰ, Уٴں, ֻЩ˵ܶл
ⲻǻиڣ̾˿, ·һ, ¼, һڸˣʡһ¹ˡ
ʣҲӦغۿܻġ
֪ɱԼֵһ죬ͶԼʳ˶Ĳ², ɱˣ֪ܲȴô꣬ԭһ˱֮Į
֪Լס̾ϢһŮ⣬Ķ磬Ƕ
׸ʽס⣬ԭýʣѪԵϵԼܿա
Ķӣλ͸μҵģǵμұһҹ֮Ļ
ʲǻôźۼ˵̶޴˵͸ʻȥɣ¶أϸ
޴˵ֻƳŻϵɫ
쵭һЦ㿴ԼŮһˣ˵ʲôתˡ
޴æһתɿظŻʵˡ
˽ӣֱͣӵſڻѾ˺棬ڶĲ
еúԼĪ˿һʱŵ⣬˺ܶ⵽Ժһ·˴ɫ̺ӡ
·ǹеˣǷ׷׹¹ӭظ
ߵſʱһŮ֣һɫϲһҾЦҪϡ
һãȻʣʲôΪҪ·
ŮЩ֪룬Ϊ֪ģŸǰ·
ʱҺú֣СŮΧ£ȴٽȥү˵ˣҪһϲ
ЦЦСŮԼϲϼؽ˴ſҲŴɫɷվڴľͷһֻ֣һЦص
һЦһһͷȥÿһ˫ϣһ·Ǿ˶ĥ뿲޳
ҲΪЩǵĽøϧһʱһҲԸ
·һôߵߣԼֽУתһ˱ôվеķ֮
õλϣһλ÷ף˵λһλȴǿŵġ
ס֣ðμҵλҲȥġ
ֽ˽û뵽˵һ仰ɫЩ΢ı仯
һЦ˵գС硯ҾȥμеľڣμȥǸӵʬʶǸμҸ磬ֲ鵽ĵطһ̥ǡ
̥ôصĵطֻܵ˲֪μǱɱ֮˷һѴֱֻܶ治嵽˭
֮ǰ뷨ӻԼĺӣַԸ˷һѴ𣬾ΪڸԼӻŵʵ
һܵЦЦұΪ㲹ϴյȱҪʱ˵Щ𣿡
ΪοµĹϵʵǼգ֪ΪΣһֱجһգ֮Լ֮ǰ顣
μҺ·Ԥϵʲô鷢ǰһδСƵʬ壬ķС
ԼӴ磬ܵ뿪μңӴԶ뻪Ǻú
ٷȴһĺӴ֮ܵ󣬺Զ˵ͷ⣬ﱾúһߣɡȻһ˶ңұߵϣ㽫ס
˵꣬ٷ˾͹ܵţŷˣ̶صμңͬ
һܵȹ˲֪ٸ־־ҹ޵ᶼˣ뿪ֱܵܵͨһҰ֮ء
ĳֲûκˣֶ˺ܳ·ԼҲ֪Լߵڼһʱ˹ȥ
ԺУƺʲôԼ֣ͳʲô֪ˡ
ʱͷʹѣʲôˣǵԼʲôҲǵԼֻǸžǸһ
Լʦϰ䣬ı죬һֱʮ꣬ΪһͻĲ֢御
һα£ΪһˣʦļԼʮ꣬Ž˻ǣһ·ƴһΪһһ
յϢҪμģֻ죬ΪμһĻλ
ļϣ֪һ̯˺ȥƤһ֮ģѪܵļҳ𣬿Ը׵ظҸ
˵֪ѾȫˣǸСʱʶμС磬ҵĸʣ֮𡭡
֪Լ粻֮ǰˣ׼ܿջʵۣ硱ʱҲû˿⡣
ļ磬ƺҪԼڣ˵ˣ
ôͰ˵ǰμȫ壬Ҳ޹أʱֻǸĺӣֻģģļ䡣
ȴǿ˵Ҫ˵ֻ֪ܺǰʲôҶ㲻벻һվߵģϾѪԵϵҪ׶ξͺá
仰˵е黰ҪͷĶͷס
̧ͷ˫ΪҸĳˣҪĸ𣿡
ЦḧСɵҲŵЯһĻᣬûʲôҷ𣿡
ЩѹصͷԼС˵Ϊңֻǲĺӣ
üεЦЦⶼôðͷμС磬𣿡
ſļϣЦˣֻһ˵գɢѪܵļҳ
˭֪ڵЩˣȻͷߵ˵˹ˣһµķʽԲ˵ӣǽԣ
ļ磬Ƥ/å
ЦᱧСؽǵġԭ֮ǰ͸еĻ֮ҹ
еĻյеӰҲҡҷУ粻̫ڣֻһα˳ӵ˯˸þ
峿ˬѾϳȥˣۻʵΣԴȴؿɼô޻ʵۣҲ˳
еĴС鶼Ҫ֣ܸϿµּ⣬ܲܳ鷿ţҲҪ׿ϡ
ǰЩӵɫ࣬Ҳ˲٣ȴȻǺθڡ
̴û˵˺üθСģǶ˺üڡ


 101 

յſ, ͱѹ˵:, ·׸
ÿ, 㿴ɫ·ͨ, ˸ͷ, ˵:׸ˣԸҽһ˵
·ͨʮģȻԸ, ˵㵱ߣһƧ֮زͣ½Ų
ת, û, ˵:·, ɼǵٳĶʦ˭
·ͨһ챾, ܿջʵ, ԼʵȨ, ѵǴı棿ôһ, ȻԼ⡣
·ͨԼĶʦμҺӣٳΪԼţƢٵˣҪΪʦͷˡ
Ƕʦһһҹ֮ţǡĪС, ӴԱ佫ûɵĳޣ˶ҪȥξŻᱻִ
˵·׸֪Ϊμһҹ֮䱻ţ
·ͨһ̧ͷ磬ϡſ׵ϣ˶ʦЩӰӡ
繴˹ǣμҳ˭μһҹ֮䣬޷رţ
⣬·ʵ·ͨ类Ͷһʯ㣬ʼЩ귢顣
Խֱֻ̫Щ꾹ϸЩ⣬ϸϸ룬Щ˵񣬾ûõ
·ͨ磬ɫصʣ˭ܿջʵۣѵΪ˵μұ𣿻ΪԼһ˽ֻǽμ֮Ϊڣ
繴˹ǣܣֻ볤֪ղ·׸μұ֮һѴμ˸ɾһΪΪڸټʵμԼյģΪڸһӵʵ
·ͨɴ۾ͭһ㿴磺˵ǡк֤֤
绺˵μұŵǰһգ·׸ҹ͵͵μңĶʦҪСĵ̷һЩ鳼ǿܻμҲ
أ·ͨҲˣ˵ЩʱͶʦμҺӣֻһڶʦ˯Ǹʲ
·ͨʣʲ
˵ͷûҵܵӳμңŲʦ񵽣Ժֻǵ׸Сʦ֮ʲôǵˣҲǽЩӲ
·ͨɫһμ֮¾ȻǵΪοԼʦһһһ˻
һ·׸֪࣬ΪͻȻ֮ܿ˻ʵۣҲɱģ·׸ȥԸҡ
·ͨЦֻԼûȥʦһңͨ籨ŶѾ֪֪࣬μҺˣλȥԸˣ
Ҳܣ
˵꣬㶵·ֱͨϳȥˣ·ͨҲ˳á
Ȼ֮ϣٰҪ·ͨȥԸ磬·ͨȴôУ·ϹˣʲôҲʾҲ
ε룬ֻʣ
˳⽫·ͨе鷿ҪһΣ·ͨȴʼյͷһԲվԭأŻʵۿڡ
ĬƬ̣ڿ˵·䣬㣬ҲǴСһ𳤴Ľ飬ѵͲż޵𣿡
·ͨͻȻ̧ͷŻʵۣ˵һ𳤴ģɲֹϳһˡ
һȻ·ͨûָ˵˭Ǿ·ͨ˵
Щߵһӣ·ʲô˼ѲĴҪһֻ۱һֻۣװû·ഫҳأ
·ͨ治ɫˡ
һɤۣ·ͨһ䡰ˡҭ˸˰βŰ˰֣ʾ·ͨˡ
·ͨ뿪鷿ĽŲǼѵģƽһΣΥ˻ʵ۵˼״ȴ˿ڣԼǵݵʦһҾͲᡭ
˵ʲôˣʮ궼ȥˣҪֲѳ룬룬Ҫı棬ԼʵۣҲҪ
ôţѾ˹ţԼȻϻһˡ
·ͨȵ磬ôϷĳϣ
絭һЦֻ·˽⿪ɻҲı棬᷸ңᵱʲôʲӵĻʵۣμҵļѵ·׸Ҳ֪ԲصҪվıߣĹص׸ɡ
·ͨûصһۣʮˣȻ˼ͨ͸
Ҳ⣬ЦЩУο¹֮ǰֻǰһϷթ׸Ѿ֪ˣôһὫοΪãʵ۷Ϊؼ½ҡ
οµ飬·֮֮ǰ͸·ÿһ˵ǲͬƵģǹ˵еޣʲôΪ߲嵶屡Ĵʶˡ
·ͨϸ֮£ҲͨеĹϣҲǲο£ֻҪһȻ翪ڣô֮ǰغܿͻɢ
·ͨ˵ͷȻˣǱôɡ
縧ƴЦ˵л׸ˣܲĻǣҪһϲҪٰˡ
˵꣬һé®ëͷСӰ㼤˸ָһϢڱ·֮
ӵϢʱ·ֱ֮Ҫһ߸ߣôãôãڵˡ
ڱҲסˣִ˸˼٣ֱڿջסŵο´ܡ
˵Ϣ²һ·֮ʹοˡ
ȤôȲñΪ飿
·֮Щ˼ͷҲԼ̫æԵһ㶼ء
οȴ˿һ㺦Ť󷽷سϣǰ£ôá
һĶͷѾͷһ㶼֪֣ôżˣ
οЦ˶£ȻǷǷһݣֳɩ
һͬ˵ͷˣã̶ԼͬؿһԴ·֮
·֮룬Լԭ곤һ꣬ôһǳ÷һͷ
·֮˰֣һο£вУҲͬ⣬治֣ܽҲǱȰ˰ͷ˵ʲôҲС
硢οͬ˵Ҿúܺá
·֮ʱҧźһ磬İ취ƫƫοãⲻǽռˣ
Цеؿü˼ԲҾռˣΣ
Цҡҡͷο¾ԺߣɹԼȥȥƣʲôƵ۵ģΪױؼ޵·ȥ
ο´˿̲ЩˣõƷأҵѾ׼üױˣǰվдȥݣżױܿܡ
Ȼ˵ͷԭãȱĻҪżˣдȥҪױˡ
οߵͨ죬һ߷Ľ£һߵͷ˵ȡЦңǣΪ˼޸·֮
Ц֣˵Цˣһսϴ֮ˣܸ㽫ױ׼ȫˣ²⣬ŶǮģڱѡѡһЩ׮ӵ̣Ҳڻվסţ㿴ɺã
οۿһ죺¶ôãҶ֪˵ʲô
ЦˣǸɵѾͷ


 102 

ܿ, ο¾ͱʵ۷Ϊͻ·֮, Ϊ˵ѾΪ, ֮ǰ±ٸᡣ
֮ϣκ, ͷ, ˸˵һվ, ǻʵʤƻʵۡ
һֱֱ·׸Դһֻ۱һֻ, ˭˸Ҷ˵һ֣
Ѿ, ΰɱ粻, ɱƬײ
Ϊ˱һЩʵ֪ô, ֻòԿ, ʱάֱϵƽ
·֮ӾͿ쵽, ׽ݻص, һְһμԼŮĴ֮
ˣһãһĺֵܣȻľذ죬ʢ, ա
д󳼣ûһ˸Ҳģ·ͨƽΪƢûύĸһ½ǰδе֡
οǴΪǸŮðլޣ·֮ڸͷϣϲȥӭף硭ɷ羰Ľһˮر顣
·֮ʵ޿̣ĥź˵Ͳ˶ЦһЦϵܣǰϲ£ȥģ
ͷΪȻתͷ˵·Ц
ǲԼͬ
·֮
ȲЦˣ
·ֻ֮÷úЩֹСҹЦתֻһˣ治֪ҽףʹģ
繴˹ǣһŵĺ壬еĽУһǸշĪ
ףĽУҲ֪ʹʲôӣһ˶Цɱ֮ȫɢ
ҵլ棬Դſڽӣһ˵ȶţ·֮һ˽ȥϱ
һ·֮ͱο´Ժ˽ϣֵػ·ҡ
ƺƵؽ·ҵţο±·֮һ·ǣߵǰ˻еڡ
ϯ·ҴԺ˵Цｻֱֵĺɫ٣Ժųװ
ΪУûܲμӻ˻ᱻţ㽫ڸУ߻һ̻ȥԼϱˡ
·֮˵ƣ΢߽οµ·Уŵģźͷӡ
һЦȥĺͷ˭֪ԼƺȵеͷһģӰһ£žԼذܽӴ
ο춯Ҳ˲ŮҵɬֱԼƿͷۼֽֿ·֮ڻűһֱӽŹ˴档
·֮ԶۿοߣӣĴ¶һЦ⡣
ĵҹͻȻһж/˵ԺվŮһҹЪ
ֵҹʹ֮ȴģһվ鷿ڣŴ¹⣬Ӱ
ʱ򣬻ģֻ½˼衣վڻʵ۵ĬĬվá
ԴӶ˼ɱ֮ͬʱҲʧȥƹܺ󹬵ȨȻûбϣȴʵ۳乬ûʲô
ʵ۽ֱӽΪƹܣʵѾʣ޼ˣ
ֱӷ˵ʵ۲ŻعͷĸӶˣһʱٸнû뵽Լ䵽ⲽأߵľֻĸӡ
߹ȥнӹԼСĶӣ˼衳¶һ֪޾Цһ˲ͱůˡ
нѾֱлӱߣתԻʵЦ˵ϣ檿ڴǰվãʲôѽ֮£
̾Ϣҡҡͷûʲô£Խˣ˵仰ģֻʣˡ
ҲپᣬȻһЦܷڻߣǳ檵ĸ֡
ʾ޴ȥһӹƺָָԼһ
һеľƣͻȻøն֪ʱҲһŭ꣬ϲζ㣬ȴȲһơ
˵ʱ˻Сȴһּõգ͵͵ܵ˼ҺԺȥ͵ľƣǱץˣһָǡЩ¶Ŀ룬ôңԶĹȥˡ
˰ΣŻعЦһڽеľƺ꣺޸˵Щʲô
ָƣЦ˵ܸ˵ȥ飬ǳ֮
۶˵ʲôʲôһ䡰ǳ֮ʼŻ˳ԽȻζ
Щͷ˵ҹˣûʲô£ȥɣ޻ûꡣ
쳣ɵվһҾǣ檸ˡ
뿪ֱӱžƺվڴߣɵ˫۾Բһ֮УŰ겻ĺ͹绨Цա
Щ˵Ľ㵱ֵܣʲôԸΪʲôΪʲôҪϲͬһŮˣ
ˣˣ޵ûü˵һ䣬㵽ϲ˭
˰޽ɱ֮ȥˡˣɻϲ
ĿǰĴ˶ãҲ㣬㻶ӭ
ǡѾ
첻룬ͷһڽƺеľƵУ֪ط֣ԭⴼһƣô͹ȥҲǷǳԵġ
Ǻÿȵ˺ѷΣһޣһЦ
˶Ϊʵ۷ˣ޴ǰȰ˵ʵۣȴֲңվֻԶԶš
峿оʹʵزϢŽʹ˸ˮйͨκ˶ýӽʵ۵޹׼
޹֮Уʵ۷Ÿգ˵źвͣؽ˵֡ˡ
ʵۿỽǸ׵֣ɫһ˲ѿԹ£սսҽ˵졣
ҽһΪԼһ߱ıŵڵأ˿Ҷ
ĬƬ̣ӽֻͣҪٳҪεġ
ҽ̧ͷÿȥԼϵ亹ΡΡȥʵڼѨλ˼£ʵ۹Ȼ׻ԣٿ˵
ҽƳһɫûκʾ£ߵһȥдӣ޴ȥץҩҩ
ڹһգʵ۵Ĳкתֻ˻ûѹƻ֮ǰԸජţԼظ޶
ڵ¿飬Ƽһֹ顣
֪Ҫʲôİɣֻ˷纮ձá
˵ͷȻԼĸףȴĺ߱ô˵˿
罫ڻУḧСİɣףҲֵģ˵ǳ£ҲҲһʵĻʵ
Ǹ˵ΪңΪѡ
ʳָһıǼ⣬һ˵һ㶼ΪѣҸı棬ʵۣڣȥҲ¡
˵ͷͷУ˵ŵӣܿȥմ˰ɣ
ת˻⣬һ嵭֮صգԴУ粻׼ⲻ׼ǣڸﶼˡ
Щӣڼƻ˰ɣµĶӣ΢е¡𣬡Ȼˣұȥҡ
ĵЦˣһΪʱɲڡ
˫ĺӳŵģֻǰŮӣ˵ڡ


 103 

ο»ŵ, һյ˺ܶʶ˵˼һⷿ, յܶСİ
, ⶼΪŮΪõԵʣһһ, ջ͸Ķ, һҲһҲ⣬ֻȫ¡
οº·֮·ţ, ǰݼס
·֮ԼЩ־ģһ, ݱ׷ܺöֵǱ
˺˼, ·֮Ͳ֪Լ˵ʲô, һʱ֮ЩΡ
ҿʱ͸
æ˳ȥӭ, ·֮ƲƲ, СԴӵ, ĶҪס
鲻, ø׵ſӭ
ͿſڹҾЦ˵Ƕһˣضƽɡ
վֱӣȴɹ˵, 롣
ļ磬һȽԺӣ˽ź߽
תοµ֣ʣǵģȥǵġ
οµ˵ͷԼķȥ½Ǹ˼ˡ
ЦЦɻҲȥĴұȻ·չÿɺã
οº˵ͷͦõģ̺ŶҺܺãȻƢãʵܺá
ֱǾͺãΪһ֮ǰӣǶ㲻ãҲΪֻع
οºСûףһֱǵֻộЩӳֻܶ࣬żҵһҪ˿Ц
ͻȻ˵£ҵ׽㡣
οķ˵˺һţ˸˯Ҫ˯һ
ڴ齱ߣΪҴñǣ˯Ŵгһֱŵĺ塣
壺ˣ˵Ҫ
ĬƬ̣ԸſڵĴ̴չ˺õ£ˣ˵ȥȥͻء
̴һͬǷӦǡ
˸ֱӽ˹ֱʵ۵޵
󲡳ɫ԰ף˫հݣЩؿڽ˿ϣˣǿ˶һ֣ȫ˳ȥ
΢΢֣μϡ
һЦ⳯ö˵㣬ҲͲعˣ޿ܲһݡ
ޱһھʵ۲Զĵط˭˵㲻ҪֻҪڴͺãΪ
Цˣ̧ͷüۣȷǸˣǶǳô֮ǰûзأ
һأ鶼ü米ֱ·ʱվɱΡ
ͻȻڴʱļž޾Ȼڲ֪˭ôˣ޾ȻԼһƥǡ
һ仰Ͱ֮ʱƽȫˣԽܵʵڵ˵ǰ
繴˹ǣ֪ͣôڣҲܲǲ顣
˵μҵһڴ룬Ϊºͣսû뵽˾ȻһմȾͬѪ
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