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ҶɵۣȻԼһõùɫ鷿
鷿鼫ḻ費࣬ǽϹżֵֻ֮Űɫĵ̺
һֻɺȵ̡
ҹӰ볨Ĵˮײ΢졣
ԼԿһīӶ鰸
Ҷ۾ʶԼΣ˲޹ģ졣
ǰĳ˯ǰһʦͽдһģһ
ˣ
ⱾʦͽһȺܸߵĳģ裬Ůֻ
ܲңҶûдܳŮǴ³ҵͬŮ䡪ŮĽ㡣
еĴžģŮŮҶѴСй¸ĽԨһĽԨΪʦ
ƬĴ½ϣ֮ףĽԨڵΪһĺʮ˾
ĽԨĳ࿡ߵǸԳֵ·ߣŮӷİ
ͣŮҶͬʱ͵͵ϲĽԨĽԨȴҶѵıŮ䵱ӲݣŲʡ
Ů䰮ãʼֶΣֺҶԣԾĹڰյʬű˷֡
ʱ˿̣ԭڰҩͼĽԨ췹ҹ
ԭδóѣٽĽԨҶѵĹϵһ
ԭǱĽԨ˼һ£㱻͵͵Ǳ˼µеס
Ӵ֮ԭҶѸӼޣݺҶѣΪ˶Ů䣬գ³ҡ
ԭ˵һҪת۵㡣
Ҷع񣬼ȻѾ֪;ñݡ
͵ƿֻǰī˫ӣԭ˻ɢİ裬յߡ
Ҷһӽеȣ
ĽԨһ٣յͣڱߡ
̧ԴʵҶ棬ɤͳţ
Ҷ漱æ˹ȥ־زյʦ衭
Ҹ˵ණֻǻδ˵꣬ĽԨȴȻס󣬽Ļһ
÷ǻһžΪ˵ĿʱߣҶĽԨʱˣһ˫ĿԲһգգؿ
УĽԨòдֻдһ䡰ѩǡҶ濴ʱԲһλɵ󣬶ǰĽԨüĿһ˫תǱлҪࡣ
ѹԭҪΪգΪ
Ҷæס񣬳ٿôصԭĸޡ
ֻŮ䣬Ůˣк³
ĽԨһҶϸһƽȵضŲյ,üŻеŮ΢΢𣬡Ҫ
Ҷ۽΢΢һ飬ʲǫ̂߳ܵʣ̫˰ɣ
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ΪһϸΪʲôŮЦ
ĽԨһֱǸԳֵģЦݺܽ󣬴ӿͷֻ֣Ҷѡ
ƺһĨϷԼĽԨ۵׻Ҷ滹ûзӦ޳ָѾס°ͣʹſ죬漴ǲԻɢİι
Ҷ󾪣ʶսͣĽԨȴ°ͣǿӲؽˮĺС
ȡȿȡҶ汻ǺÿɵؿĽԨ񲻶
ĪĽԨ֪ﱻҩˣ
֪ӣҲַӦֻؿâڱԼϴܷ
Ҫͷ
ĽԨûֶȤζҪͷҲֱֻӰĽ˼¡
ңؼǣھȻĻĽԨӶԭ֫Ӵ
³Ҷ֪ϽĽԨ
һξǣĽԨȻΪûϵԭеӸҩûС
ĽԨ˻ɢҶɴƵȥĽԨŭѣҶһ˦ɳȥҶ³һѪ¶ӣȻҶѲʱˡ
ĽԨҶ֮䣬ֻһ㴰ֽûͱƣɲһģлɢ߻ٲһ޵Ĳ
ȻĽԨˣû˳ȼǣҹʦͽ֮ȻǸˡ
Ҷ滹ǵԼ鿴ʱȣ鼤
˻ɢǸоͲ̫ˡ
ԭõĻɢ൱ԣĽԨѳֲסضǸֳ̬ԡ
Ҷоڽӿȣһ뵽ȻԼƲס˵Ĳģﲻ˸£ȴװ£ƽضĽԨʦЪŰɣȻȥˡ
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Ҷеȭͷһʦرһȥ£ǣҡЩȥϢˡ
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ĽԨǰٿظĶͷ
Ҷزһ¡ 
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ĽԨƮƮشУԸеҪҶҪˡ
ܲôˣٿתߡ
ͲɣܺùĽԨ֪˯ɣ
˼Ҷתͷȥʣµİϣԭ֤¡
ĽԨûж˵ʲôҶȥıӰԼһ˿ϷʵĻȡ
Ҷ漱سĽԨ鷿㿴һλģİŮӭҲһյ衣
ŮòŮһ£Ҷɡ
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뵽ˣҶԼİҶѵһ
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ĽԨ鷿ţڣֻӵȨ
ҶջǵܻصԼסԺӣ˴ҹˮ衣
ڶգҶ˯ѺҶѱ˼µϢ


Ů

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ĽԨԴҩˣôðļϵĽ˼£Ҷί
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ԣ׷ʲô
ҶѱϢѾɽ飬Ͼ˶֪ƽĽԨ˱ҶѣȻᱻ˼£ʵ˷˼
ΪʲôˣҶסһڵŮʵ
Ůӵ˵ΪСʦŭΪʲô飬û֪ˡ
ŭҶԲͷһΪյɡ
ʲȷеϢҶֻԼȥҵˡ
˸ҶͷĵӣԼʳ˼¡
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ҶĽŲҶΪĽԨˣϲشɽӭû뵽ȴҶ棬еĹ˲ȥдʧ
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ĽԨǰĽԨӹ裬մյߣȴȻյˤϣض
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ҶСףͷĽԨˮۿתʦҾû˼ҵΪΣʦӦĲ֪ﱻҩ
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ԣֻ뿪ɽʵģ
Ҷﰵ˼ƻԭ̫ˣûд취ܹһЩ̲һ뿪ҶѺĽԨԽԶԽãٲ֮ˡ
Ҫ
ȱ˵ôˣڲǿʱ򡣡Ҷ滷һ˼ĻҶѵɢµģһȥʦ˵еĳͷԼе
ȻҲ±ҶΪܷҶ޹Ĳ
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˿ˣϽ԰ɣˡҶ潫ʳз£ûٶ˵ʲô˼¡
ĽԨ
һϮİӰ裬֮Ҷ䡣
Ҷ治ҴţһԵȺ
Ƭ̺ƺΪĵĽԨһơ
ֽڵϣޱ飬⣬һҲ˳֡
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ڣʲô
֪Ҳʡ
ĽԨһϮ£Դ磬ʵü֮͸ŵ룬ȴһĪ
Ҷ治ɵ͵̾һɫ
ȾɫգΨһԺƾеģֻĴɣڤȵ


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ʱǴߣΨһĿģƺԭûֱдòֻд˳ժʱԭķӦ
˵ԭĽԨľɫӦѾӵһˣʱסˣеľΡ
о鷢չҶлܼĿģȻҲʮֺĳ࣬ǡ˰ɣ
BOSSϲŭ޳ֶκ˲
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£ĽԨĵţһͤ
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ĽԨ̧һĨЦЦҶѵǽ
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˿ЦúóԾͶһЩ
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ĽԨ΢΢ףȥɡ
ҶԺ˿ĽԨԨ˵ѽ˼ˣ
šĽԨӦһ
ƽվ̫ˣúܺãСѾͷ̫ˡ˿ĽԨͬԨԺٰ˼ŵϣչһ棬Ҫί
ԣĽԨаâһţĿؿ˿ΪΣ
Ϊǡ˿ԭ˵ʲôȴͻȻסĬһ¸Ŀڵ֮Ϊ˵ǣкôԵɣպԻ֪
ĽԨûнӻ֪ʲô
УסǸԺ̫ªˣᵽϼɣһЩ
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˿΢ЦԨΪһУΪá
ΪãĽԨȥ۵ӿϵĺ⣬ЦЦ˵ɡ
˿ߺĽԨϵĸ㣬һһ̧֣ϮǾµˮ𻨸Ͱ״˲һ𻯳촷ۡ


С

ҶصԼԺӣµʯʷ̲סĽԨ޿޵Ŀ뵽ĴƸĶͷϣְֵؽ٣ߵЦ˵ԸԼιԹ𻨸ģ
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Ҷѱ˼£ᵽϼȴҶ棬Ի󲻽⡣
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ĺ£ҶȴҪססϰˣڣˣǻȥɡ
ǲΥʦÿ޷˽

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ǵⷴһ²ʲôΣסÿչϼһܡ
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Ҷ泤һؿڣҪɤ۵࣬ѣ˼»ˡ
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Ҷѽ˼ֻĽԨһʱ嶯ͺˣ˵ʲôԸǽ̨׶ѡ
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ҶֹŮعں֮գԼϳϼ֮ʱ
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Ҳ⣬һҲ⣬ġҶѴҶĻϲ㰡㡣
ҶѵĴǳһЦݣЦñȿ޻ѿ
ϼζסĵطĽԨһ㣬ٽһ㡣
ĽԨһΣᵽϼϧʱ̫ɬƾˣĽԨϲĽԨʱҲ˵ᰲš
ΪþͻᰲסģסȴҶ档
ΪʲôΪʲô
ԭ֪ͨ뿪˼ʱϲѣΪʦ֪޹ģίضᰲᲹ
֪˼£ҪԵҶϼʵԸ˼¡
ҶԥҪҶѷһĽԨͼǱĽԨˡ
ҶѾʧǵ뿪ϼ
ҹĻ١
ҶԡϨ˯̺ñһתַѾһˡ
ҶŵøϽסͣ㾪г
ŮôһУϲϢڱˣ
ˣĽԨЦһЩб齣ڻ谵£Եᣬˡ
Ҷ򴽣ĬĬƿߣ͵͵һ۷Ŵˣôġ
ʦôˣ𣿡ʡ
ĽԨ޳ָߵ棬ĵؿûΪʦͲˣ
ȻҶͷٵͷ
ȻȲˡ
ĽԨ֮ǰضѾ˼װطϢҶѣҶ֪ϼ
ҶѱضסҪϼһ̽ĽԨʱĵصͷܵĽԨ׷ȥҶѽͣҶѲͣĽԨǿסҶѽĽԨ
ҶԲؼĽԨȥѡġһ飬Ϊʦ֡
д֣Ҷһ£漴ᣬĽԨǽڣһ㣬õȵҶѸ
õġҶҵ򡷣ĥīֽ̿ʾд
дһЩԼ±ʣʦдˡ
ĽԨߵԣëëһ֣۽ǲһ顣
ʲôˣֲСԺÿϰһƪΪʦԼ顣
ҶԳЦЦұͳ󰡣дٺÿʲôá
ĽԨ΢΢ü˭˵󣿡
Ҷ㶣̧Լϵǵ̣ҡ֪֮ġ
ĽԨ֮ǵϣСԷƱһ£Խᣬ㲻֪ж
жôԵһ̣˵۾²⣿
ҶЦȵȣոսʲô
ССС
ҶͷһϽţȴȻգҲûκζ
ĬĬ²ۣŮûҪϷ̼ŮҲݵôɣ


С

СôǵĳƺŮܲ
ҶôҶѲĽԨʱߣϵģйŮһң̫ˡ
ҶΣǰƪĽԨţ̿һֽʦҪдһƪ㿴
ĽԨ΢΢ףãΪʦߣд
֪Ҷʣһһдü·ģʵĥʱ䡣
ҹܰš
ҶдǰһƪʱĽԨԶڣվԣǿòݺӣĪеţע£Ľһ㱡
Ȼžһ죬鰸ϵĵƻһ£ҲŶһ£ָˡ
СдġĽԨֱ̾ƶԣѹôΪʦ㡣
Ϊʦ㡱ĸʱҶһ㽩ֱĽԨѾվ󣬴ưס֡
÷Ҷһͣ٣ĽԨϵĴƣˡ
Ϊʲôôϲְֽѧģ
٣ҹ֣
ˣˣĿǴ̼ŮҶѸôܵһĻ϶Ҫ󷢵ġ
ĽԨҶֽϱߣסΪʦƺȡ
վаȭľ룬Ҷ·ܸܵ´ݹȵе衣
ʦ̵úܺãҼסˡҶ氾סջ֣Ӱ졣
ĽԨȴսֲţֻҪСѧʺϽ̵ģʺϽ̵ģΪʦԽ㡣
ʲôǲʺϽ̵ģҶʵ
ĽԨĬһ£Ȼ͵һЦɤƺѹһЩأ
Ī͸һ˿˿
Ҷֱ̣áԼûˣΪʲô뵽Щ飡
Ҷֻҡͷҡ֪
ĽԨ΢΢ף˵ϣζ΢΢𣬡Сô£ֺˣ
񱻷˲ɸ˵ܣҶʱһƬû˵ʲôĽԨֵСΪʦǰƺرϲ죬ţ
Ҷϸӹ̣쵽˶ʦЦˣҡֻǾԼʲô̫ˣ
ĲͣҶѿٿ㣬ǲѾϼĴţǲѾȣǲѾʼ̤ϸ¥ǲһͻƿˡ
Ҷûκʱһ˵ĳ֣Ϊ˴ٽŮĸ鷢չҲ̫ˣ
ΪʦûЦ㡣ĽԨ̧һֻ֣ͷΪʦϲܿɰ
Ϸݵú棬ͼǶϵָƣҶ涼ҪΪԼǴŮˡ
Сǲ˻裿ĽԨͻȻʡ
ûͷûԵ⣬ҶЩãȻҡͷûУôˣ
ĽԨûлشִд֣һֻдһͣס
Ҷɻ󣬸ҪĽԨȴϢ
ͷĶϣɤͳżֲ˵ơ
С㡣
ʱҶﴫ䡱һԿհһƬмܣ˫һеëһ٣ʼֽϣŨڵīֽ䦿һƬ
ʱŰ屻˴ƿ
ŮҶڳˣ
Ҷɴ⣬ﳤһæĽԨһľ롣
ҶȻѾĽԨҶܵһĻ۵𾪺Ͳš
ƽһò裬ȥǺǰһϧ˼ܵίҶΪʲôϼ¡
ڣ㱧Żɵ̬Ҷû뵽ڣҶôĴǼҪ׵Ҷ档
ǶҲûôܹ
һֻֽסԽܣֱֱؿĽԨƣʦڸʲô
ʦǰڽ֡Ҷ򵥵ؽ͵Ľ;ͽĽԨˡ
ĽԨƺãҶһۣǰΪβţǲ֪
Ҷѽԭأǰ鷿ţڴҶţȴ
ΪҶ
Ҷ⣬촽΢΢˵ʲôȴֹסǸģҼ
ҧס´ת˳ȥ
鷢չȫҶԤ룬͸׷ȥˣعںãĿüֵͽˣŽҪϳϼ
סͱϳȥ뻹еǱ
ϳȥϢͻᴫڣ˶͵͵ЦЩ˶죬ǵ۹⡣
ֻǣΪʲôŮıӰѾʧˣôУû׷ȥ˼
Ҷ̧ӵؿĽԨ
ôĽԨ΢΢ü
ʦ㲻׷ȥôҶָ⡣
ĽԨ֣ʵΪʦΪʲôҪ׷ȥ
ѽҶΪеż
ĽԨȴΪ⣬ֲˡ
˼ǻŻȥ׷Ҷ浱Ȼ飬ѡӦѾԶˡ
ԣûҪˣٲȥ׷Ժ׷޻᳡ڵˣ
ĽԨĵҵȻ֪Զˡ
㻹
ĽԨĻСϢˣ
ҶĬһ£ͻȻˣ̨ˣæװ˸Ƿеˡ
ˣЪŰɣԺǵÿϰһƪ͵Ϊʦÿ϶顣
ΪʲôϹ
ϹȥΪʦǱҲԡ
˼ҶʵΪʲôϣ첻ô
ϵģйŮһңʲô˾ˡ
Ϊʦûա
Ŷˡ
ĽԨˣҶƶ϶ȥ׷Ҷˣﻹʲô˯⣬ܺŮĽչʮа˾Ż§һ࣡
ʹ̼
ǣҶĵظ˳ȥ
ϼѾĽԨӰӣҲ֪ıˡ
Ҷ治ģһ·ҵҶס¸
¸ţҶŵŶ롣
ҶѵķŵƣǻˡҶǰָڴֽϴһơ
ʱҶױ̨ǰ˫ʧؿͭԼȦͨ죬ƺǸոտ޹
ʦˡҶȻˡ
ҶɨһȦҶѵķ䣬ûĽԨеʧ
ȥˣ̫˰ɡ
ҶûȤҶˣȥȻϢضһˡ
ǸԲĽԨ
ҶѷеһϮ£޳ɫ𪣬ϴŰɫߣֻ¶°ͣԼƱĴ
ˣõ±ڲصǰǶôĿ
Ҷͷһŷǿӣɴ˫ͷƤ顣
ǡڤȵĴħͷ
ôڣΪʲôҶѵķҪʲô
ҶѶԳĳֺ֪Թ񣬳һҶѵֳ̧Ҷѵıһ
Ҷǰһڣطױ̨ˡ


Ϊʦڣʲô

Ҷطױ̨ϡ
ҶĲһΪҪ˺Ҷѡ
ҶŮһи̣û׼ͱˡ
ߵҶѵģ΢΢Ҷ˲ᵽɤۡ
û뵽ȴҶѴᱧ𣬷ڴϡ
ҶȻе΢ħͷҹǱҶѵķ䣬ηڴϣòǿҶѣҪʲôɡ
Ȼûξ飬ҶѱϾŮ⻷ҲΪ档
Ｔʲô϶ҲɹĽԨһἰʱϵҶѡ
־̫ˣҶ滹Ī˷ܣеڴ
ֻڴϣĬĬעҶѣƬ̧̺ҶѣȴǽҶѵѣḧգ޳ָ÷ſ޹µۡ
ĶᣬҶԶԶŶܸܵ
Ҷһ±ƣƺе㲻ԾҶѣΪʲôĸ飿
ķչȻһֻҰèĽűߡ  
Ҷ汻һһȵ֦ҶСĶ
͵תͷһϮҶ档
˵ΪԶԶҶܱܿͫ׽ŮҪǰзˡ
֮ʣȻסͬʱһӿ
ҶǰһֻԼڿմǰľＱٱ
Ϥ÷ڱǶˣòҲ֪˭Ҷ񾭲ɵ÷
Ƭ̹Ҷ淢ԼĽԨվһϡ
ʱԲ¸Ĵء
ĽԨվϣֶϰϰҹ紵ѩī裬üĿ续ɫ赭·Ҫ˷ȥɡ
Ҷ濴һ˲
˵ҪЪϢΪҪܵҶĽԨҶ档
Ҷع񣬡֮ǰϼܵʱ鲻ԣе㵣
ʦǴħͷѵķ᲻
ᡣĽԨƶ漴һζҶ棬Сô֪Ҷѷǳ
Ҷ￩һ
ԭ뿪֮ǰǴδġ
Ҷ飬Ϊ˵˵ǸħͷǴߡ
ߵľǳˣ
ңԲ˵ŮӻǴҿ˵°ͣ;϶úܺÿ
ŶĽԨЦЦúÿСãΪʦΣ
ҶգգۣӦܿ죬ǵȻǲʦǧ֮һˣ
ǡĽԨһû˵ʲô
Ҷһʵʦø߰

ߡҶɫе㷢ס
߲㣬ߵһרѺ֮ˣĶ˶಻ʤԹء
ҶݼɪɪΪԭ³ɥ
ԭкڣ׺Ҷ˺ҶԣҶѺħйᣬͼҶѵף¶ҪҶѵò
ҶѶ֪Ҷģڽ֮飬һһĽԨǰΪҶڹȥ
ĽԨҪȢҶѣԭ޳ɱǣҶѶɱģ뽫ҶԨҶѾ˷֮ģûóѡ
¶Ҷڶԭ͸ģΪѣԭĽԨʦš
ԭڱʦź󣬻ŮѪѣϱ˵İ̺Զ޸ָɫò
ҪǣӵлŮѪ˫ޣΪǡ
ʱԭ˳ǻԭδõһʱܵƻ󣬱ͳ˴һȡ
ΪԭǺĽԨ£һΪѾĽԨ֮ϣӿΪΪκε
ԭܺڣԼΪˣȻ˺ܶ໵£ﻹǰħֵú壬վһߣ뱻ĽԨޡ
ﻹذĽԨ
ǣԭ뿪˳ĽԨ
ΪԼòѾѹҶѣǻŮ֮ĽԨȻѡȴǱĽԨ
ʵĽԨйԭҶΪͽʱ򣬱֪ŮѪ֮¡
ܵԭĸ󵼣ΪҶѲӵлŮѪǸһֱҶѸģҶѽͤͤʦͽ֮ҲܻŮ֮顣
ԭòسĽԨǰ֮ʱĽԨ˲˻ŮѪࡣ
ʱѾҶ壬ܱҶѣȴҲԭͱ˫ޣǳ
ΪһɿأڸȣҲһѪȷ硣
ƥ
ĽԨҪɱԭ
ԭҶѵĽ㣬ҶʥĸٴηĽԨ飬ĽԨԭһؽ
Ƕԭ˵䱻ڰյʹػţһ˽
ԭֹľɱȵʬ棬ű˷֣ʵڲҲ̶á
֪±Ҷ˶ˣ·ʱһֻҰ׿ݵִקĽš
ֱëĽԨʦͦġȥɡ
ҹɫҹΪʦһһ¡
ҶһֻĽԨֵȻСη䣬Ǳȥɡ
˵գĽԨһ䣬һѾ¡
Ҷ³ĽԨһ飬һ
ȻԭеΪϾͻûùôߣһҪˤࣿ
СĽԨĵƮҶĶ
Ҷ治˼ĽԨȥһᣬ۾һԾ
ӶߺХһ룬˫ȴûвȵʵأԼ÷Ļ
ҶµۣĽԨĺ 
ЦΪʦڣʲô
ֱõˡҶͻȻܽһֻС¹ײ죬
ĽԨȴûᣬһԾϢصϼ
ԹЪϢˣҶǱ㲻õˡĽԨ
Ҷͷá
źҶɵڴϣͷɴᣳ
˵ģȷʵ˯Ӳһ㡣
ô࣬һһ졣Ҷţ˸硣
ա
Ҷù緹󣬱ȥɽҩ
аٲãڰٲϰҽĵرæʶȥһЩͨҩٲá
Ҷ·ʱԶԶؿϵͤվһһŮ
һһ񻣬վһǶԼˡ
ĽԨҶѡ
еԶҶ˵ʲô
ĽԨƺĿⲢδ϶ͣ
Ҷûټͣҩ¨ȥٲû˼Ǯ
صϼҶ򵥵ʰһԼĶصԼԭסԺӡ
䱻˸ߣԼʶȤ㡣
Ҷһ춼û֡
ĽԨҶعںˣĽԨŲûء


7

Ҷ극󣬳ɢʳ
÷԰ϣҶѺΡ
ҶѵɫܺãЦ̣Ѳ֮ǰȻ㲡
ȻѾĽԨͺˡ
ҶƵߣκҶѿӻ֣㣬֣Ҳһ顣
֣ҶҲϲԡ
Ҷ߽һۣصѣ󷽣͵֣Ҳָ˳ԡ
ҶЦشһ£ֲǱˡ
ʦ͵ģҶʵ
ҶѵͷϲԾظҸЦֻʦ֪ռǵ֣翴ϰռǣҾ֪ʦҵġ
ѹо˽ķ䣬Ȼ˹ȥԭʦ
ʦǹģ벻ͨΪʲôǲϵá
ȥʱʦҲȻ̬䵭ģٹЩʱգʦĹϵָǰģһʲôԡ
Ҷ濴֣ˡ
ĽԨõҶѣԭԼҹɽȥռֺֻҶѡ
ҶѽֵݵҶǰ㣬ô
˼£˵ȫҶ棬ǵĿʦҶһһᵽʲôмʡ
ðʦøκˣ
ĽԨҶѵ⣬Ҷɲҳԣæ֣ҾͲˣԼá
ҹĻ٣ҡ
Ҷ׼ԡʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽ĽԨǲ˻飬ӿЩ
ԺǡмʢҩҶѪܵԺʮҩժˣһ꾾ͨͨϴˮ
಻٣պÿ԰ԡͰˮ
Ҷ˸衣
ԡҶȥţŰںϵʣһʱȴôҲزϡ
˼£°ȴĽԨʤѩվ⡣
ޱĿҶе⣬ʦ
ǺҶѺͺôûҪ˰ɣô 
Ҷͷɻæ˲ĽԨý
ĽԨڣɨһǰªӣ΢΢ü
ʵϼǱסϰߣ
ϰߡҶΥĵصͷʵе㻳ϼĽ
ʱȻ׸ʴġ
ĽԨع˹Ϊʦһ㲻ô
Ҷ滹վűߣĽԨЩ룬һʱ޷жϣ˵ٽһ㣬˵ϼĽӽһ㣿
룬ʦҾãϼðȥʡ
ҶΪĽԨȻ˳Ļ˵Ȼ룬Ǳȥɡ
ĽԨֻζؿÿɷ
ߵ£̬Щָߵһ棬أ
Ҷ۽һǣʦҪ飿ΪΪֻ˵˵ѵġ
ĽԨü˼ǣû
Ҷ治˼΢΢ͷСϵš
СĽԨģɲУҪôأ
֣ҶʱһŵؿĽԨ
ôڱص˼°ɣĿģ
ģǴƨɣţĽԨָ᲻ص棬СԼѡ
ãã˼¡Ҷŵĸշ£ֵԲһ˫
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ɵĳͷҲˣΪʲôдƨѡ
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ǿĽԨı飬ֲڿЦƺҲǻῪЦˡ
òѡһĻҶ浱Ȼԥѡһ
Ǿ͡İɡ˵գǰȥĽԨǰġ
ĽԨ۵ģȻΪʦ֪ˣС±ƨɡ
һ£ǹһ˿аĻȣǾʹƨɣ´βԡ
ԣҶɫһ䣬æʦҴˣ֪ˣ´ξԲˣ
´ε飬ΣҪĽԨһȥ
ҶĻŻţʶˣһһ߻˷䣬ַûн֮ĶҪˣĽԨĪֱִ
ĽԨԽԽҶͷͷƤ飬ʦϲϲʮƪòã
ĽԨΪһĨϷʡ
ҲֹϲʮƪԺÿ춼ʮƪҶѾ˵ǽǣ޿ˣֻܿĽԨģʦΰɣ
ĽԨǰվͷ¶̾ÿӡ
ҶΪˣҪɿȴƬһ³ᶨ֣С
Ҷ滹ûӦѾĽԨſϡ
漴Ĵƨƨϡ
ȻأҶ˵ÿһ²пı̡
ҶӲѪֱ嵽ͷ̫߳ܣ
ֱ߳ܵҪȥ
ҧ´˫סüҪѪ֪ô߳ܵĳͷԸ˼һ£
ˣξȴ塣ĽԨ֣ͣ´Ρǡ
ǡôȻֹ
ҶͷȴÿͶ˵˼֡
Ҷһɲո˵ʲôˣ
ֱⶼˡ
ܣ϶ۻĿͣҪԼ˼̫ˡ
ôĽԨüʡ
ˣˣҶæͷ´ˣղ˵ʲô
ĽԨ⣬ͷΪʦϼ
Ҷʶܾסͦ
ĽԨ΢΢ƣţ
Ҷһ飬ĻҲ˵סͦõģϸĿڵסһ㶼Ͳûϼ
ʦͽߵԺУĽԨվ޳ָȻȼһɭ׵Ļ档
ָɳڳĲݶϣ˲ܴ
Ӽ죬ֻҪ˶ãԺҪữΪһƬ𺣡
Ҷһ±ƣʦǸʲô
ĽԨ̧֣ձߵһ˿ҷĶ󣬡ԺˣԺͻԹԴϼˡ
Ҷǲ·
ǣΪʲôأԽԽˡ
£ֻ밲ؼ׬ǮȻ뿪ɽԼȵСӡ
ĽԨѾҶѳԹˣҲѾعںãҪϼⲻ˺
̫ˣʲôʱܷŹ
صϼ
ʦҲȥЪϢɡҶͣĽԨ˵վҪŹϡ
ĽԨһȻ֣̽ѩ۵Ĳ
޳ָļҶȫһһ£ܵˣ۾صĽԨ
ȴĽԨɫȻջ֣޳ָһƬꡣ
С˻裿ָĻϣ޽ۣͷǲĴ롭ǡ 
Ҷ濴꣬˲е㸴ӡ
ԭ֮ǰʱûע⣬ûճھûвɾΪĽԨء
Ȼ̫ˣ
ʵҲǻҾϴˮ˼껨ѡҶ˵ֱȣԡͰˮĻ꣬˵˼ѡ
ǲĽԨ֪ȷ˻衣
ȻͺΪǲ˻裬˻Ƶġ
ŶĽԨһ˿ЦЦȻûţδ
ȻҶע£ָ۵Ļ꣬ȻȻ˻
һŮݹĻŽ棬ٶô͸Ե
״Ҷˣֹ֪Լһˣɰ԰ա
ʦˣҪ˯ˡҶٴҪţۼžҪϣĽԨĴȴϡ
Ҷɻ󣬡ʦ£


8

Ҷɻ󣬡ʦ£
ĽԨƽʱ˼֣ؿСͤҶȥңĸ¸ٳ顣
Ҷв죬ΪʲôҪ˵Щ
ᣬڸͣǣûҪ͡
ͤʲôֻҪ֪Ѿͺ¾С
ŶҶ治ɫصͷ
ǣһߺҶѣһĽԨòֻ̤ɣģŹģ
ʲôҲû˵ʾˣŹϡ
ҶܵͭǰеԼ
Ȼ̧֣ԼǵԵİ̺۵סֻеŮ̥˹ǡ
ʤѩĴ겻죬绨һ˫·ˮ֮䣬۲תǲ۽üҵķֱƲۡ
ǼģԼе
ǵһֵ֣̱ʮǧ
ҶȻԳع𴽽ǣЦЦ
ǷˣŻĽԨеϲˣ
ôͼʲô
ȻɣǲҪֻ̤Цˡ
ڶգҶճȥɽҩһ¨ӵҩģȻõٲã˱նһǮ
˵ɰǮҶ̵ģһңͿǵ뿪ɽˡ
Ҷصϼûüȿˮ˿ˡ
ҶŮ⣬˿żͨŮÿ˵϶Ű˸ߵĳνС
ˣôˡҶе⡣
²ǳʱ֣ҹ²𽥼ӴϺ⣬»Ǻܸߵġ
˿̣磬ңҶ滹һɴȹ˿ȴѾ˺Ƥ멡
һű˵ڰɫëĳ£ԵЩ԰ס
Ҷ˿Ⱦÿ¶ᷢһΣʱҲҲ䣬裬ʹ಻
˶ɽ⣬Ψпóݲܻ⡣
ʮֺֻ޾ɭֵżٵһꡣ
޾ɭкܶϡҩģأ޸Ƕ಻ʤ޾ɭֵˣΪҪܸߣвн޳
˿ĺڤȾϵģʱձ°ڤȣһҪߵʱϤлеĺҧ˺
Ϊһֱÿ¶ȥ޾ɭҳݸ˿á 
˿Լеʹ඼ǳ度ģԳˡ
һȥ޾ɭʱˣ˿²Ųʮĳûӳڤȡ
˿Ľɽ󣬱ĽɽҳݣĽɽ󣬻ĽԨÿȥ޾ɭ֡
޾ɭֱУһģɽ
ɽ£ƬɭճɽҲټ˿
˿еҶ֣棬סϰߣ
ֱģҶ治ɴһŲʵͷͦϰߵġ
˿ҶķӦæջ֣żǸ⣬Ǹ䵽ˡ
û£û¡Ҷڰ֣Сʵˣ»ûҵô
˿ҡͷԨͦæģæһ죬ͻȥҳˡ
ҶֹæԼҪ
ңĽԨҲûرæѽ˼Ҷ֣йû֡
˿ûмݵĻ⣬ǼŮеĽзŵϣиһһ򿪡
ȫǽУɫС
棬㿴⼸ƥУϲģ˿ЦҶϲĻұò÷ʦѡ
ҶߵǰֻеĽϸɣŵĹˮ
һ֪Ǽϳ˵ϣܴϵˣǸ
ˮƽϱ͸ġˣЩѡ
˿ԴԼŮһĹģҶɻ˿ǲһʱ񾭴ңҶˡ
ˮƽҶö죬ȻдĽԨ͸Ҷѵġ
ŮĶҶɲռ̽˿ˣЩиңʦ֪𣿡
棬㲻õģԨ֪ˣҲһͬġ˿Ц
Ҷ涮ˣ˼ĽԨ֪
ûаϲɫ˿ɫ棬ʵԨһֱͦģֻǲڱί
ҶЦƭȥɣдװףҶĽԨıļ裬ԭݶ硣 
ĽԨȷǲóʶĽԨȴ·һٻһ㲻óģ
ˣЩ̫ˣ֮Ҷܵ
˿΢΢üҵһ⣬㲻ϲ𣿡
СѾͷô£ƽͲֺңôһӣ
ҶЦˣĺˣĲա
˿ɫ࣬治գ
ˣˣʸҶæ
¡
Ҷˣǲղˣ
룬ֻҰЩ£ȥҶѣĽԨ֪˾֪֮ӦòΪ
º˿˵Լòªڻĳ£ֻЩиʺϽҶѣԾתˡ
⣬Ҷ˿ллˣҺϲҾͲ
ɵӣʲô˿Ȼˣһɫұò÷ʦչȸߴ磿
Ҷͷá
˿ߺҶϽ֣һдʮƪ
ֵ飬뵽ĽԨĳͷ߳ܵײǽ
ϣĽԨһϮ£̤ɫˡ
Ҷ׼ʮƪָݵĽԨǰ޵ʦҵ֣û͵
ĽԨ£ӹָ濴˼ҳ޵СܹԣյҲе
ָ壬װˮƽĽϣʲô
Ҷʱһ£ˣǰѽˣ
ҶĽţĽԨֻһɨеĽһȫˡ
ôУĽԨʡ 
Ҷæ͵Ƿ͵ģҾѸʺϣ׼ȥѵģ
ĽԨͷ
ҶһʶʱǶԵģȻûΪ
ĽԨ̧Ҷ棬赭дˮƽ䲻㣬ЩȥҶѣΪʦһЩ޽㡣
Ǹǧһߵ޽𣿣
Ҷ浹һ
ĽԨ͸ų磬ֻ޽㡣
ҶĿʦ˵Цˣȴֱɵò޽ӡ̣ǡ
ϴβŸ˵ԷƱֲǵˣĽԨ̾Ȼ׽ס֣Լһ
Ҷ⧲Ĵϣһ£æȴĽԨΰס
۾ʵСòţ
ٴκܵĽӴҶĻ˲ҵһͿСʼǺ죬˵ЩˣСŮӻᡭ᲻ںԼòġ
ĽԨ˼ָ̧ϵİ̺ۣƺڰοСõġ
лҪ˵ѾСɰǣһղأ

9

ָĦǵ̺ۣûа
ʱһۡĽԨϧ۰СΪʦԺܵκ˺
ҶĵĪӿһί·ǳ鵽˵ʹ࣬ĽԨϧõ˰ȫУеʹƽҸᡣ
Щ̵ֻرܿĽԨ֡
ʦҿˣȥȵˮĽԨȦڻҶ죬ڣҽȴǱĽԨΰסö
ĽԨ͸Ķ⣬ʵСϲţ
ʦܲǵˣٹ£ҾҪˡҶίѵ 
ĽԨü΢΢һˣ
ûУҶҡͷҲ˼ҵ˼ǣסҧҧʦҵ˼ǣѾСˡ
ŮбŮܲװ
ŶĽԨߴ۾ƿ»ȥ
ıӣһĺ촽ϸ۵ĲǱȡ
еŮһ佫δĻ٣ҲһſҪˮң·һ˱֭
ĽԨ׽ȾһĨζɫĴǻ𣬡ҵСȷǳˡ
ߵ㣬Ҷյøˡ
Ϊʲôһ߳ܵĸо·ողŮб𣬶СˣѾòˣ
Ҫ
ڣĽԨʱȴɿ֣Сȥˮɣˡ
Ҷɴ⣬æȥˮ
޴ˮȵģĽԨпϣߵЦˡ
Ҷڵغˮ߰ƽࡣ
ĽԨûҪߵ˼࣬Ҳøʦҿ˿ʼô멣ƺǺˡ
ĽԨĵΪʦ֪ˡ
żҶе֣ʦ㻹ȥҳ𣿡
ĽԨ̧ȻҪȥġ
Ҷ뵽ǳģɽ󣬳Ҫ飬һæʵʦݿɲɽֲĻͲÿ¶ȥ޾ɭΣյĵطˡ
ǳ޾ɭĵطֲɹûǳɽ˿ûҩҽǲͲųһͬھˣ
Ȼħͷˣ๼ǣǱԼĸ׺
СĽԨݳ޾ɭ֣ﶼ޷档ң޾ɭĳݣҩЧֻά죬ݾͻɿݳɻҡ
֮УҶûر⣬ͷˡ
ĽԨվߵҶǰͷСΪʦձҪȥ޾ɭҳݣҪŻص
Ҷ֪޾ɭֵ亱ܶһҵõһꡣ
̧ĽԨ΢΢һЦʦģ㲻Ҳÿ֣͵ġ
ĽԨüأ
УҶһãȻʲô
ĽԨ΢УЩͲΪʦ
ҶȻæŵʦȥء
ĽԨЦЦؿ㵹һ㲻Ϊʦţ
ġȻǲܵġҶĽԨرģʦΪκġ
飬֪ĽԨ˺ͳｻʱܾ˹ʱûܹˡ
ĽԨϲģﷴĪе㲻
û˵ʲô뿪ϼ
Ҷһ±ƣʹˣ
ǡڹʹʹأֻҪ첻ͻɣڴϴ
ա
Ҷ˰ˮƽ͵Ҷѵ¥Ҳ˵͵ģҶΪĽԨ͵ĺˡ
ң˵ˮƽ͸ҶѣĽԨȷǵͷӦˡ
հˮƽͳȥ˿Ĳ÷ʦҶߴˣҶҲһѲ÷ʦҶ
Ҷվȥɽҩ󣬷ּ͸ϼ
ӰһкݹĽУҶһžͱЩĿ⡣
еĽɫᣬϼƻã·Դ
ӣ
ǡҶʵԵˣȻѾµˣǲȷ
ҶС㣬Щ޽͸ϰ͵Ҷͷ̬ڡ
Ҷ𺳣Ȼǧһߵ޽
ĽԨȻҪ޽
ӵ޽·Уôֱʣˡ 
͸ϰ幪ҶϹϾҶС㣬ڷһĳߴȷ˳ߴ磬ǺþΪ¡
Ҷع񣬡ҿԲҪ𣿡
͸ϰ㶣ûĸŮ˻޽еֿɲؿҶһۣϵĽ˵ˣǲҪͰЩ޽ȫˡ
Ҷ˫ۣðɣҪʱʴɡ
պ
޾ɭ֡
īӴɭ߳ɳףѩ׵½ǰȴ䦿һƬɺѪա
ȾѪĿ
һͷƱˡ
ҵݵʱһͷƱƾΪܿƱϮֱѳԻ֮ɵʱ֪뵽ʲôǲܣƱϮŷֽƱС
ĽԨԼ˻Ȼ⣬վ޾ɭֵıԵһĳݣǹһ˿ĪЦ
һֵֻĺȻһسɫ棬ڿնԽԽߣԽԽձһ޴Ļ
䡱һ£޾ɭ֣ɭﱬϸСĻɢ䵽ɭֵĸ
ЩϸСĻȼ֦Ҷžžܿԭ֮ơ
ĽԨǰһ㱻ɵɭ֡
ڵ۵ӳų⣬ȴ˲ı䡣
ϼ
ҹ˾һӰϢسҶķС
ĽԨҶĴ£һҶûѡ
˯㡣Σֻȥ
Ҷ汻£ھѹпˣŵþһ
û˭һǶ㣬һ߳ԵͷĽԨ
ĽԨɵؽӹͷСΪʦ
ϤҶ͵ضסһڴߵ˹ȻĽԨ
ʦҶһʦôˡ
죿ĽԨ΢Уƺϣô
ҶûʶԼʲôʣɫĽԨǰһƬ죬ͷʱһʦˣôˣ
ûĽԨȥҳݻˣû뵽ĽԨˣΪôߣ˳˭˵
ĽԨ῿ڴβĴϣްһʱ⣬һֻƱˡ
ƱҶ˲˵زأ
ĽԨҡͷСˣ¡
ôѪ˵û£Ҷ漱´ȵȣȥٲøҴ
ĽԨסֻСˣСΪʦһЩҩܺˡ


ҩ

ĽԨסֻСˣСΪʦһЩҩܺˡ
Ҷ潫Žɣģ
ġĽԨһͷΪʦûҪƭ㡣
Ҷ滹еԥǣҴûŪ̫ᴦһŪ㡣
ʲôΪʦֲޡĽԨʧЦ
ǡһȥҩҳ
ĽԨͷţ𼱡
Ҷһ浽ĽԨĽԨһ㣬Ȼæ´
ѷĵյͨͨҩɴȥһˮ
ĽԨѾѵѣֻһɫ£ԼԼԿ
ҶСĵӿ⣬ʦҲ˰ɣҺҩ
ĽԨ̧ȥѣҶȴʱߵת
ǧҪѪͶˡ
ĽԨĵЦСҪΰΪʦҩţ
ҶһתһƬǿײ
ž׳ʵСҲǱݷʮ¶͸Ժɶɡ
ҶСǵͨ죬һʱ֮䣬۾֪Ųźá
ܿ죬Ŀ㼯еĸ˿ϣǼѪۣһ֪ǱĳҰ޵צˡ
ץ۴ԼƤѪģ
ôءСˣҶüЩ֮⡣
ĽԨΪȻƤ˶ѣֻҪû˽ǣ㶼Сˣˡ
Ҷ治ٶ˵Ͻˮʪɾ΢΢šɣѪ۵˿ڡ
ţ۾ȴ鵽ĽԨߣһֱ졭
ҶĪԳ
СڿʲôĽԨͳͷϷ
Ҷһ·˻±ץȣûûʲôѽʲôÿģ
ÿĽԨ΢΢𣬡Сûλ֪òÿ
Ҷ㶣װûĻ÷ɿ죬̧ͷ˿òˣڰҩ
ĽԨûмš
Ҷס񣬼ע׵ָմҩ࣬˿ܱСͿĨ
ĽԨؿϣ̡
ͷһ˳ģСȾһɬı죬˳Ľëѻһ㣬ʱʱһ£ǿɰˡ
ĽԨֱֱؿ񽥽İ
ָⴥĵط飬һֱȥˡ
ҶȻ뵽ʲôĶס̧ɻؿĽԨʦǰôȥ
˻ӦõҶѰĲŶԣôˣ
ѵ´ҶϢ
ǣҶۣ
СҪΪʦߣĽԨ͸żȻ˵ձҪߣȴĶ˿ڣʹü
ǣҲ˼Ҷһæشϣʦãҩûء
ĽԨ¿Ҷ棬ʵСˣ
Ҷһ£漴ͷʦˣͽģв۵ġ
˵
˵ۣİˣ
ʦҵ𣿡ҶѸתƻ⡣
ĽԨҡͷûС
Ҷһȣǡô죿
ôûҵ
ǵãһֱ޾ɭַǳԵɽ֮ǰĽԨÿ¶ҵݸ˿õġ
ĽԨĬƬ̣̾ΪʦҲΪ
ҶЩ
ûгݣ˿ֻ⼸죬ǽҲݣÿºʱԽԽֱ󺮶ģÿһ춼ʹ;
ʦҲ̫ˡҶȰο¸£һҵݵģˣȺúˣ÷˵㣬ܵġ
ĽԨ΢΢ףС˵ǡ
ҶĽԨϺҩøɾɴĸεزһȦ
С˯ɡĽԨѣҶգΪʦȥһط
ʲôطҶ档
ĽԨԴ˯ɣȥ֪ˡ
ڶ죬Ҷ˯Ѻ´ȥƿ˴ֻģԼķɻƮ
Ҷʱһ¡
֮ǰסǸСԺӱĽԨ˺Ҳַ˵ķɻҡ
ǰƣֻ²һС𣬲֪ﱻˣ
ϴϣҶӸɨŮѾ֤ʵϢ
޾ɭַ˴ģɽ
ѾһһҹˣշּԽԽɭӡ
Ҷ澪㵲ѡ
ô£ⳡɽ𾹱ԭǰ£
ң⼸ղûдףɽôģ
ɽѾһһҹ̫ͣǲġ콵꣬ⳡչ£ݡ
ݡˡ
ҶʱƺǼ˺ܶ࣬ôǲҲǰзˣ
УҪ뿪ɽˡ
ѩ԰
ʱ˿ŵǰż¯
еŴʵʵȵһ
˿ںıȻɪɪ
ɫ԰ֽѪɫնؿŴߵĻ¯
Ůڷţڷûܵˡ
ĽԨޱŶ룬ֱߵߡ
Ԩˡ
ӣ˿ն۾˹⣬ϲѡ
ĽԨڴߣ˿ûʲô¶ȣĸףûãһΣûҵݡ
ûҵ˿ĹһҰ
ԨûϵģΪٰһվûˡſοĽԨǰҲһҲݣΪﰾˣо飬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
һ£ԥŸòøĸ˵
ʲô£˿ĵ𲻺õԤУԨֱ˵ɡ
޾ɭһɽ𡣡
˿ͫ͵һѾȥ˻𣿡
̫ͣûõġĽԨҡͷ£ԺҪˡ
ģġ˿ǻҺ;Ԩ˵Ŀɶģ
ģĽԨĵӿһɿ⣬ǧȷ
ҵ𣿡˿͸Թ壬Һ㣬㺦ҡҺ㣬Һ㣡
塱֣ĽԨ˿ˡ
ĸ׺úϢڻҪ´
ãáȥæɣõҡ˿̬ѾԲԼĶӣԨҲ̫ţϢ
ֻԽǹģĽԨĺԽʢ
֪ˡĮضһ仰뿪ѩ԰


11

ҹɫŨ
ĽԨҶһͨµ
ȼһյյơ
Ҷս͸оһ⣬ԽߣԽ䡣
Լ˰յ裬ҶǰȻʣһ޴ȻҶ
Ҷ룬һƬռؼȪ
Ȫˮð˿˿ǲڵ
ĺ
Ҷ˸
Ȫ
ȪҶ֪дڵĽأֻ
⺮ȪϴãҲ˵á
ķĽԨҶһβ
ʦʲôҶɻʵ漴뵽ĽԨˣȻ򣬡Ŷʦ˵ģ
ǡĽԨҡͷСˣںȪһݣ˿ϡ
ǣҶҩʱĸо
Ҷ䣬Ҷﺮˣֻᱡɴȹòֱֱɪɪ
ĽԨȡһ˿ݸҶС۾ϡ
Ҷ治ؽӹ˿ΪʲôҪ۾ϣ
èè
ĽԨԸ
ŶõġҶ˳˿ס۾Ժϵ˸ᡣ
ǰһƬڣҶֻøˡ
ĽԨȡݣУһߣٿȼһػ磬ʼǳݡ
ݲûбճɻңɽ״Һ壬£ţԽԽСһöͨС
ʦʲô
ҶȪߵһʯϣ߳˺ȪˮʲôҲûС 
ĽԨûлشרݡ
Ҷ治֪ڲڣ㿪ʼ˼롣
ҶԼһ˰ɣ
˿ȡ£ĽԨֹ
Сȱ𶯡
Ҷķ֣ʵʦʲô
ʱĽԨһöͨĵ裬Ѿȫˡ
ߵҶǰ°͡
ʦҶЩš
ĽԨֻ촽΢΢᲻صĦĴ꣬ô䣬ţ
ָȴ·ſԭĻ磬Ҷ˲ա
飬еҶʶҧȴҧĽԨָ⡣
ĽԨⰵһɫջ֡
һͲˡ˵գóɵĵ裬ιҶĿС
ǵڼȵģҶ汾ܵȥһɿɬζ
ĽԨ⿪۾ϵ˿
ʦҳʲôҶ澪ɵʵصģǸιɣ
ĽԨյ
Ҷ΢΢һ顣
ĪΪ˸ιһյ
һ룬ҶȻüƺĽ֮кֱײ
ĽԨķӦ϶յʼЧˡ
Ƭ̣Ҷ˷·ڻ֮У˲ʴҪһ
оȫĹⶼۣϵǵ̣ʹ̣ǱػƤ⣬Ǳǧϸ廨ش̡
ֵؿĽԨΪʲô
ĽԨ£յڷЧãСһ
ϵİ̺ԽԽʹʹ̣ҶһģŵǰһɺѪ
ҶŵͷƤ飬ûιȥҡҵôˣ
ȱܡĽԨζؿСˡ
Ҷ汻յͷԻһĻжʱæ˼һضĽԨ
ѣĽԨü
Ҷҡͷķˣҽš
ǡ㡣ĽԨ𴽣һ£СʱݵȪˣᱻ˵ġ
ҶʱȷȵÿҪһѣ˲ô࣬תǱ̹ǵȪˮ
Ȫ߹ǵĺ⣬֣͹ʹΡ
Ҷ̹࣬ڰ߰Ȫˮʯϣ۾
ƬȪݳȪо
ϵĴʹҲʧˣҶԭİ̺ˣƬһѪģĸо
ͷһ͵۾
СȪˮһϵˡһ˿ĵƮ䵽Ҷǰɹ۾ġ
ĽԨӰϴģϵ˺ܿͻϣվͻȫָԺ󲻻κΰ̺ۡ
Ҷ潫Žɣģ
Ȼġ
ҶúȪˮʪ˿ϡ
ˣɱ̹ǵȪˮ棬Ȼûһ˿о 
һĽԨʵСɻﲻʣ
ҶѸϵ˿õȵط֣֮ǰѪģĸоѾȻ޴棬ʼˡ
ҡͷûʲôˡ
ǲˡСɣǻȥˡ
šҶԵʯϰĽԨߣȻʶʲôָϽȪˮ
ҡûиѡҶμˡ
ѱͱʪˮ󣬲ȫճϣ߱¶ûûʲôˡ
Ϊʦѹˣ㲻ԡĽԨЩζСΪʦĻ֪ˣ
ҶǰѣԭΪ룿ˣΪ⣿
ĽԨؿСΪʦģΪʦﲻζ
Ҷ洹ԴΪҧ´
ȷС֮ĶȾ֮ˣ֪ҪݺȪһ£ڳǰһѰɡ
ŪҪôȥ
Ůӷһ㣬ǺõġĽԨԼ£ݸҶ棬СȴΪʦġ
Ҷӹѣһмллʦ
վԭزЩɬʦҪϰ㡭תȥ
ĽԨ΢΢üʲôΪʦֲ㡣
Ҷʦ
úúãΪʦǡĽԨٶת
ҶϽӺȪϰ
ôΪʦҪתȥˡ
ĽԨŶҡҷƣԺﲻֳҶ淽Żʪ/ϰʱģ
ǾһƳԹߡ
ʲô˾ӣϣٿһΡ
ûһûʼأҶ漱ˣȱת
ΪʦĽԨģ
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ĽԨǹһ˿аĻȡ
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½ǧݵļγԸƣƷжһǻС
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

Ҷһͣ˼ؿҶ档
ΪʲôΪʲôˣʲôʱõģôܻõģ
Ҷ浱Ϊ˾ݣΣܶ취ҪκҶϵİ̺ۡ
ҶڻָգȴһҲ˲
ǰҶѿ˵ڵСһֱǹ°Ĵڡ
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еȭͷָ֮С
½ǧٴοҶȻԵΰأˡ
ΣЦˣüһ㣬˸Ƕˣ㻨òȫ֮ĸ֣
˵գִߵĽԨǰֵĽܱǸղˣλҶСʦã½ǧȢ֮ˡ
СĽԨҶ档
Ҷε߹ȥ½ǧﲢվţֻ֮˲۵ľ롣
ĽԨаâ
Ҷ棬߹һĨЦЦô½㹲д⣿
½ǧҲϢҶ棬߽򣬽ŵԱ
Ҷ洹Ĭһ£΢΢Ц½ٷ磬ǱãΪף֮ͬٮٮߡ
ţĽԨ΢΢һУĳв˼
ҶĪɪһ£̧ĽԨһۣ˵ţ½ӻһ÷˭ܼ޸ضҸ  
֮ⷬʣ½ǧﲻɵ¶ϲɫһڴ
ĽԨȴѩĵصС޸½ӣ
Ҷҡ 
С˵ĽԨȻĻ
߹ŰĨЦȴģ׵ĺ·¡ıӣݺݵشҶ档
Ҷʱһ飬ȷĽԨҪ˵ʲôֻ֪ԼҪ˵ˣ³롣
ɴѡȨĽԨ֮£ɶϷҡͽҲȫƾʦ
Ľȫ½ǧĽԨ
ĽԨһЩСˣѾԼ뷨Ϊʦֻ»ޡ
ҶѴʱɫѿԹؿĽԨ
ֱӺĽ½ǧҶҲȴ˵ˡƫģ絶ʣ
ĽԨĿʵһ㣬Ҷâڱѹһᣬ½ǧ½ӣǿѣ޵Ļ̫ܲʺϡ
ĽԨеĺʾβζЦ⡣
仨⣬ˮ飬½ӣֻǱˡ
½ǧһҰܣʧ䲻ѣȴǲģҶ棬ˣ
Ҷ治˼ҡͷûС
ĽԨ͵һ
½ǧȼϣΪβܽң㷽˵һһ÷
˭ãҾͻ޸˭Ҷѹˣ˵һʵܶݣֻ޸Լϲˣݵ½ӣҶ㣬ûָоֻܶԲ𡣡
½ǧﶮˣϲҶѣûĶĸо
ϲʲôӣ½ǧ׷ʣҿŬϲӡ
ֻҪһ뵽Ⱳӵò;ʹࡣ
ϲʲô˲ҪҪǸоϲһʱҿ϶١ҶȻסظֳĳ˵Ŀ
ʶһĽԨĪط
Ҷûм˵ȥǶ½ǧҡͷ½ӣѾܺãҪΪҸı䣬㽫һһϲ㣬ҲϲŮӣõĸõġ 
½ǧ﷢˺˿ҶҲƵ뿪ˡ
صϼҶ潫֮ǰھ԰ɵľջϴɾ˲衣
еĲɵģɵڴϣ֪ʲô£Ժ˯˹ȥ
ʱѾҹĻˡ
ˣĽԨڴߣͳ
ûеƣ¹ⰵԼܿĿɫް
ҶͷһϽʦˣôҲң
´ѷĵһһ
תȴԭڴߵĽԨ֪ʱվ⧲ŵõһ󱳿ǽϡ
ĽԨǰһһֳֻԴԡ 
ڱ֮䣬֮䶼ǵ÷㣬Ҷֿʼ˽ࡣ
ĽԨüƸСΪʦеڰָòˣôأ
ΪΪʲôҶһֱģһˣְˡ
ĽԨָ᲻صĦϽ۵ļô㣬Ϊʦﲻʹ졣
İǺȻ𼸷аĻȣûܿˡ 
֣ҶͷƤ飬Ӷһ£˿ǻʦҵС㡭ˣ
ıصǰյҲԭһѡԾ
ѵѲԭˣһҪǰзˣ
Ҫ
֪ʱ򻹲ֱӴӦ޸½ǧأ
һģĽԨֻпƲסķһü漴ЦʲôΪʦô㣬˵˵ѣֲĹȥ
ҶҪɿȴּʵأ
ƮƮ֣ȴըһҶпһ£˲ͷƤˡ
ҡҽ컹ûüдֵûˡ
ĽԨЦЦؿΪ½ںĻᣬ԰ֵ¸ˣ
ǣǡҶ漱ð֣ҺںĻᣬھ԰Ȼ󡭡
ŶǧԵ᣿ĽԨĻǵ½ǧ˵仰ʱж̶
ҺûʲôԵ֣Ҷæ͵ȥֲʶ·ȻҾʹȥˡģǲȥĻᣡ
ĽԨ΢΢ף͵Сġ
Ҷ仹˵֮Ͷѡ
ĽԨһ£ǣҪܷ
ԵһҷرĶ󣬡СӦûûǣϴα𷣵ʱΪʦô˵ģţ
Ҷɫһף漴Ѹǵͨ졣
Ȼûϴÿ˵ʲôڲŻ¡
ʦ֪ˣϷǿɲԻһֳͷҶҪˣ硭ҽ˼°ɣҽһ¶У
ô߳ܵĳͷȣԸ˼£
СˡĽԨͷĶϣϢʪȣԽǺʲôΪʦŸҪʲô
ҶֻûѪֱͷӿ


17

Ҷ̧֣ԼĶصʦͻȻͷΡ
˵գһգص¡
Ϊӱ߳ĳͷҶ鼱֮£װһС
ĽԨסС
ҶһҴ 
ĽԨ΢΢ŵĽë𣬡ˣ
ҶŵסȻһᣬоԼĽԨᱧˣĴ
ҶϲϣϢ
Ҫӹһˣ
ĽԨڴ£ؿҶ档
С㲻֪ʵΪʦɤͳ˶٣һ£Ѿܾˡ
ҶһӾͱ˺ģʲôѽ
ĽԨֵֻǣ£һֱûҵʵʱ
Ȼ°ָͣѹ̺Ĵϡ
Ҷһ֪ĽԨΪŬţԼ¶ڡ
ĽԨĴϣָĦš
ĸоֻӴ֫ٺҶȣԼҪסˡ
ĽԨ·ûıĶ⣬͵ЦЦڣţΪʦʲôҲ֪
ҶëëģһֲõԤС
СĽԨɤЩƣٲѹΪʦ͡ 
÷ǻҶĽԨϢԽԽȻҪʲôˣͷʱͻͻ
ҶҲװȥˣ͵ۡ
һŷŴĿߣıǼ⼸ҪģĴĴף
ܴڵͫؿԼĵӰ
ȻۣĽԨȴûһ⣬һ£Ȼ󲻶ɫֱСˣ
Ҷһãӣʦôˡոιȥ𣿡
͵͵ĽԨһۣеɻôôȫûһ±ץ飬Īղˣ
ΪղҪ
ѵǣ
СȻˣǾ͸ܷˡĽԨ߹ĨЦЦ
ԣҶʱһ飬ŵüæӴȥЬҲ˲ϴҲƵسš
ŲҪٱĽԨƨɣλҪ˿Ӵ򣡣
ϧܳȥ㱻һεקأĽԨĻ
ĽԨҶ˫ַ󣬵ҹˣСȥţ
ҶͷƤ飬üҪѪѲֻþشһ
СˡĽԨϣôɰΪʦôҪ
Ҷ߳ܵҪײǽ㻹ֱҪҵɣ
ƨҲˣĿӣĲˣ
ʱű˴ײ
棬£ˣ½ǧɱڵشҶķ䡣
½ǧﲢδǧ󣬽ڣﻹǵҶ棬˯ţʹߵϼ
Ҷ淿ĵƻţҴţҲߣһֱվ¥¶ŵĴճյؿ
źȻҶ淿жһ½ǧΪҶ汻۸һὣ
ûϵ۸Ҷȴǡ
ĽĽ½ǧһ㵵ؿĽԨԼĽԨϵҶ档
ĽԨɿҶ棬б½ǧһۣ½ҹͽĹ뷿Ϊ
ǣǶСûģǷѵ
ĽĪҪᣬֻ溰Ϊ⣬ųҪû뵽Ľڴˡ
½ǧεؽͣһ£ɻʵ֪ĽʲôΪλẰ
ǵؿҶ档
Ҷһԣ糺죬Ĭ
ĽԨɫ޹ء
棬ܸܲô£½ǧ׷ʵס
ҶͷСҽ֣ʦҪҡ
ʲôҲҪܷ½ǧＱˣĽ㲻Ҫ棬ܷ
Ҷ۽һ
ܷĽԨζЦˣ֪Ҫʲôô
Ľô棬Ҷܣ½ǧߣֶѣСһ׮ôεεһС˶ô÷
½ǧﻤҶӣĽԨнϱѩСλ½ӣΪʦô㣿
Ҷ˵óڣǵͨ죬ֻΥĵ½ӣˡȥɣʦңطҵġ
ģ½ǧｫŽɣǣҷŶ㺰ˡ
Ҷҿˡ
½ǧﻹǲģҲߣһԿš
Ҷҭ
ҪʲôѽĽԨƨɣ 
ĽԨ΢΢һУâų͸½ǧһ֣
½ǧȴȫʶʱһãĽҪ棬һԲ㡣ҪطҾӦ
ŶĽԨһҪ½ʲôͲӦ
½ǧɱоҪأһǿѹɽһѹǵأ˫ϥһĽԨǰ
ǻѪӿһƬ
½ǧ˲ɫҰף亹乣͸
վȴʯľ˰֡
츳ȺΪһֱͬʱԵãڸܵΪ֮侹Ĳ࣬һؿĽԨ
ĽԨӸµ½ǧԺٸҳǰͷ㡣
ѹ½ǧһ͵һʺѪ
лҪ˵һǶĪøĻˣ֤o(ini)o

18

Ҷһμֳ棬ɪɪ
ĽԨûг֣½ǧѪΪҲֲ̫˰ɣ ʱǺͳƾУ֪ôΣ
½ǧֱȥߵѪգԽŵأӵվ
Ҷ棬ɤӵ棬ˣԺԼౣء
䵽ϵİ߰ѪۣǸ⣬ԲҰķŪ 
û£û¡Ҷæ֣Щǵؿ½ӣû°ɣ
ҲΪŻŪܹⲻȥ
½ǧҡͷԳЦЦĽѾˡ
ĽԨȷˣ˿ֻΪѪˮˡ
ҶԷģǾͺá
ǡˡ½ǧŲЩ鸡سȥ
½ӣһ£ҶͻȻ뵽ʲôס½ǧ
½ǧסתؿһ˿ڴĹâ
룬ֻһϲ˵ʲôҲ֣
Ҷſڣ˵ʲôȴסˡ
½ǧԺҪڤȵжȻᶪ
ǣԼûκɿ˵
ο̰֪֮ǰԨҲġ
Ȱ½ǧĽԨ֮мϸҪȰѼϸٸıѾƶõжƻܱʧ
ҶֹⷬĽԨе½ǧ˼ˡ
С᲻½ӣĽԨеವġ
Ҷ֪½ǧʹ죬æ½ǧ½ӣҾ˵һллллĹģȥЪŰɡ 
½ǧĹâذȥؿҶһۣ뿪ˡ
ĽԨ˽ϵѪȫŪɾ
ҶϽһյջ裬ݵĽԨǰڵʦʵľջģ𡣡
𣿡ĽԨһĲ裬ûкȣַһԵСϣС˵Ļôġ
Ҷڿǻҽӻ
ĽԨЦЦؿƽﻰ٣
ûҶʵȷûʲôûٿЩģ֪˵Ļʱš
ڣĽԨûټĻ⣬ǻһ߳ܵĻ⡣
վҹˣΪʦ͸ˣõϢС
Ȼû£Ҷ˲񾭽ٴС
֪Ƿ˵ģ֮飬֮ 
ʦ㲻ң
ĽԨ·ûȥ 
Ҷһߺһߵʦ֪֪ŮӵĽţǹŵʱ򣬶˿ģǲСıӿ׾ûˣ
ôΪʦǲ֪ĽԨΪüǣΪʦûпĽš
ҵ˼ǣŶܿοǡǸأ
Ҷص̾һ֪ƨɣԺôˣ
ĽԨĵ㲻˵˭֪Ϊʦ㣿
Ҷһʱ֪ηֻظǿ㲻ң
ûһ㱻˵ӣҶֻһЭ˴ƨɣôҶϣǴƨɲУ
ԣĽԨס𴽣У
ţҶæͷ
ֻҪǱ˿Ӵƨɣĳͷʲô첻Էÿɨӣ
·ϴһµĽѾӣԹԣ
ĽԨƬ̣׵á
û뵽ȻĴӦˣҶϲʤоԼӹһ٣񾭷üһ䣬ʦô
ĽԨɫؿ
Ҷɻ
/ĽԨһһٵ
Ҷһ㶣漴ȷûǺһƬԲһ˫ʲʲô
Ȼǲӣ
ĽԨüʲôΪʦ㵽ȥ
ҶԼ˼һģʵʲô
ƨɱǡĽԨһ
ҶԥһֲõԤС
㡣ĽԨߴ٣ȻΪʦҪˡ
һҪڣҶһţ˲ô࣬Ͻȥ
ĽԨڴ£ζؿ 
߹ʮЦʱԵǡ
ƺֻҪԵСá
Ҷͷͻͻʶȥʦ㡭ô
أΪʲôоԼǸѣ仢Ѩ
ĽԨȥɤƣԸУ£
Ҳ²ҶѾĴǣʦ
ĽԨȻģһƽ
ˣҶּһ߳ȥ
ĽԨ׽סĽס


19

ҶһѽջȴĽԨεץס
ʦ㵽ʲôѽ顣
˯ɣҶô죿Ҷںεأ
һչģҶǿԼ侲
ʲôĽԨĨζĻȡ
ֱֱؿһԵа˷
΢˵֡
Ҷ涢ĿͣƴһӺһ¾ըˣһƬհס
ҪγѪɴһ˫Ŀｻ֯ɻ𾪺Ͳţ㡭˵ʲô
ĽԨϸ΢ı飬ɫΪʦ˵ʲôСΪʦʲôΪʦ˵뷣㡣
ǣҶЩط
˵ѣղŷ˵롭
мǸ־Բǡ֣ȫԣ
ĽԨ΢΢üֵǣСΪʲô
Ҷ˵ڣǸֱ̫̫¶ˡ
ĽԨʱ£һģҶֲɵÿʼһɡ
ѵղ̫ţۣ
Ͼ飬ĽԨӡһֱǸԳ֣ڷĽԨҶѲ࣬ʱҲûжҶ˵һ䲻Ļ
ôܻŮ䣬˵Ļ֮ʡ
Ҷ˼룬ȻоһһĽԨϵˡ
Ľģ覵֬񣬴/£ϸ
ֺͷС磬Բɰֺ׸Ƿۺ죬ŽĹ
СŶôĽԨ̾ϡ
СűڴУҶȴụ̀ߵýֺ
ĽԨ̧С֮ǰ˵ŮӵĽŲ˿
Ҷûǰ㻹Ͽſң 
ΣĽԨץš
ҶüԺûҪˣ
Ϊż˵£ĽԨؿСΪʦǵո½ǧ˵㻹ûˣô޸˭ţ
ҶûУԺҲûѽϾͼˣżʲôԣ
ĽԨ΢΢һУ滹ûˣ
ҶҡͷûУ
ĽԨָ޵ĦĽűС˵ϲһ𣬻٣ţ
ҶҵһͿϸһƬڣȴӲǣ˵ģ
ŶĽԨָĽűĴһ¡
һشӽĴҶһϽҧס´ŬԼЦ
С㾹ĽԨüָĽġ
ҶҧŴҡͷʵѾͷƤˡ
Ȼ뵽ŴһЦ̣ӷ˵Ľıƹ
ҶؿĽԨˣԭ
ӽȻûдƨô߳ܣˣֱӴѨ
ΪʦɲšĽԨб᲻صĽʹ
Ҷƴգ۾תעȴأ̫ˣ
촽ҪҧѪˣգƹˣǡ͡һȻһƲסġ
ĽԨûоʹ˰֣Ǽ
ʦˣ´βˡҶôҲû취ѽŴѳЦֱ
ĽԨɤƵҡ
㡭ʦˣŹΰɡءҶһߴЦȴһ
ζ̫ʹˣ׻Ҫã
ĽԨЦֿ޵ģ̾ÿ
ǣϵĶȴûͣ١
ſҡأ𡭡ˡ㡭ҲˡʦĽԨءˡ
ҶҪˣôǱһΡ
ʱĽԨڴģĹˡ
ͻȻʧҶһ£ӦĽԨѾſĽź󣬻æֻŶؽ˱
һ滨ؿĽԨżԹί
ĽԨȻǱһ£еһη˼ԼĽģǲеˡ
С̧֣ȥµ飬ԣˣΪʦĺۡ
Ҷغһ
ĽԨҪٺ壬ȴٵ
ˣ𣿲ˣˣε
Ҷͷһ
ĽԨü
żţˣˣ
ĽԨɫҶԼ´ȥš
Ŵ򿪣οҶȦͨ죬Ǹտ޹ӣɲ㶡
ûȥҶ棬æһųʵĽԨǰˣѸһţˣ
Ҷ沢û̫⣬Ҷѻ뿪ˣûƿľ顣
ĽԨһۣһſޱ飬һżӰӶҲ
ľǣĽԨ֪Ҷѳߺ٣еɽȥ
ҶĽԨεӹţʦѸš
ĽԨЩͣÿ
Ұ𣿡Ҷ̽
ʲôΪʦֲῴĽԨһ̧֣Ҷű˳ȥûĽԨȴԼתۻһѻҡ
Ҷһ㵡
Ҳ·ǰһĻɴ۾ˣǡѵš
һ۾ͻˣ
һ㲻֪˵ʲôһҲ֪Ϊʲô뿪
СҹˣЪŰɡ
ĽԨбһۣ߰ɣСϢ
˵գԼ뿪ˡ
ȻʣҲҲĽԨĻ
ǰݺݵصҶһۡ
Ҷغţ۾һܿ硣
Ǳڵľƣˡ


Ů֮

ڶա
˿ٴεϼ
Ҷ濴һۣ;˺ܶ࣬ϵɫҲǰ
⼸գܾĥ
ˣɺЩˣҶϲ裬׵һ䡣
˿ͷ޴󰭡
һòƲŲĭһ߲ɫضҶ档
ֻûյİ̺ۣò췭ظĲ
ʤѩ۽üҶܹס⣬Ǹӡ
ʱȣй֮޲
δǱɫٹЩʱգ¸Ҫߵˡ
ձҶָò޾飬񼣬Խձصعһ̽
棬ڣŮ·һ㡣˿̾һ£ʵҿðһ£λָ𣿡
ҶûĴ㣬ʦҳյ 
յ˿üδ˵ʲôյЧ
Ҷͷʦ˵յ
˿æʵյʲôӵģǺθо
ʲôûʦҷ֮ǰҵ۾ġҶ¾ڼе࣬ȻӾ񱻻һ
뵽ʹͲɵô˸뵽ڵ̵ġ
˿Ҷеˡ
֮ա³ݵĸһģΪֻԣסǱǵĺ
ȻԼĽɽһΣݻһЧãǿü
˿üĿҶϴ޽ϣ˼
ˣôˣҶʵо˿ɫȻ̫á
ûʲô棬ָܻòеˡ˿΢΢һЦȵҶ֣һϲ£ֵףһ԰һЩһԨһǳԸΪףɺã
ҶǳҲƴǣ΢Цͷлл˵ʢ飬һ
˿ϼ뿪̱ȥĽԨĽӡ
ĽԨҪš
˿סԨΪһ¡
ĸ뽲ĽԨվûʲô¶ȡ 
Ѿͷָò˿ʵ
ĽԨͷǡ
κõģ˿۾
ĽԨûһ˿ɣݡ
˿ȻѾµˣǸеһȻĬƬ̣ŵԨոΪ˵δҵݡ
ĽԨϵʵҵꡣ
ꣿ˿۽ֱݣȫյˣ
ĽԨĵЦЦĸöӶһЩô
˿סǰȷ˵ҶһЩĻû뵽õ̶ֳȣȻóݸҶָòôĥͼ尾
һТ˳ȴǰҶñﻹҪˡ
˿Ȼǲù˻ʵΪռϴ޽Ҳģ
ǡĽԨһ£赭дزҲ˼ʮƥɡ
˿һʮƥ
漴̾һԨ㱻Ѿͷסˡ
ôĽԨÿɷع˹
˿ӵؿΪ˵ҹڳˣ㲻ȥ
ΪҪȥĽԨΪһüοԼ
˿̽ʵûһˣ
ĽԨɫŹֵؿһۣĸףĪöӵұ
ˡ˿ҡҡͷҶ㲻ҲУֻ˩סѾͷľˡ
ĸǰƺϲΪȴƫ̻ĽԨʵ
˿һԨΪ㣬ֻΪ˵δؿţѾͷˣΪٸҲ١
֮˩ס棬ãںãҲ޺ġ
ĽԨ΢²ĪǣĻŮ֮壿
ԣ˿һ漴οԨȻǣΪ㣬Ҷ棬ȷĻŮ֮塣
ˡĽԨ¶һ˿⣬ĸε֪ģ
ĽԨ̽˿Щ֧֧ᣬΪڲ˵ΪǧȷǻŮ֮塣ԨΪƭ˭Ҳƭ㡣
ĽԨЦЦȻĸס
˿ͷֵУĪóǸħͷ֪һΪ͡
ʶԼ˵˻Ȼס
һĽԨɫһݡ
Ϊ˵ˡ˿εЦЦԨֻףҶǻŮ֮壬ΪڵİҪõǵò
︡һ֮ɫòɰٵ
ĽԨҲûм׷ȥ΢΢׵ס
ԨȥæɣΪȥЪϢˡ
˿ȥıӰĽԨĴعһĨɭɭЦ
˿˿û뵽Ҳˡ
ǣٺò
һĳԹһһӱ㣬ҵĸס


Ѷ


ɽµһȺʮַ֡
ҶĿĵĴϡ
·һ˵С̯ǰȻվؿһŵ˳
뵽ʦϸһ˸ǰģģ䲻ΩΩФȴҲļϡ
ʦ˸ʱʲôҲû˵Ҷ֪⣬ǽԼ͸
ϲòˣڲر
ʦ֮ǰģﶼֻһˣΪʲôȻһжˡ
Ҷʵ뿪ڣԸ뿪ĽԨ
ֻǾίԸسˡ
ĽԨдԼȥǧ롣
ĽԨĻںһ
Ȼһ뵽ҶòҶľͽ겻һһʦҶסˣĲô죿
ķңȻ½ǡ
㣬㡣һ۵ͯ
Ҷѵͷһ½ǵһ߰СкƤԲƵģܿɰ
ôˣҶСкǰӣʵ
㣬㿴񲻿ĵӣһǺ«Скһɽ髱Ǻ«쵽Ҷѵǰ
ҶЩ죬ӹǺ«ӿһůСкЦлл㣬Сѡ
ѽģɺóˡСкߴ١
ҶѵͷǺ«һҧС
дһͨǺ«ûеĿζ
ҶֻһüҲû̫⣬Ǻ«ȥ
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Ск۾ڰ׷գգ͵ؿҶѣ㣬ҲһؼңһؼҺòã
ҶɻʣΪʲôһؼң
Ск¶µı飬һؼҵ·һȮҧҡ
ԭҶѵͷСѣ
ǱߵСкָһ
Ҷǣס֣߰ɣؼҡ
Ск븽һСС
һжԶһҶʵ
ӱƻ谵סӡ
Скûд𻰣Ȼ֣һܵûӰˡ
Ҷ㶣ʱǰ˼ˣͷҲżƦå
椣ˮ飬þûֻɫˣζһΪ׵ĵƦǣһ/Ц
ĵƦҲ/Ц
ҶѵɨɨȥҶ䣬Сѣ
ǣҪ߶ʱȴֻĽ޷
ʱȻԵǿűǺ«⣡
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Скûз֮ģͨǺ«׸ҩٽƭ
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Ҷѵ˲˹ȵס
û⼸ƦåǰǸ޸֮Ůӣ衣
Ʀ/ЦţһΧȦҶѱƽ
ǱҶѽǰȵǿ֪˭
ЩƦɫ죬˹˭һ֭⡣
Ҷϵ˪ɫأĽԨͽǸҶңĽԨһὫʬΣ
ĽԨĴȻ˲֪˲Ʀå£ƭһŮ˾ĽԨͽôɵ飡
ĽԨͽٺٺ٣ҸҪһʲôζˡ
ǲΪҶѾˣһȻذѽܵ˲ϣ׼ء
վҲЩåס
ʦټˡ
Ҷѱ۾ҪȻֱһУʹʶ֣еĽѵ䵽ϡ
ۣطЩͼȾָå˿ȫ˵ɵһأ֪ǻ
״һˡ
һϮıɴ£Űɫߣֻ¶°ͣԼһźı
Ҷ𣬡㡭Ǵħͷ
ﲻԲҶһ䣬Ҷǰһڣ˹ȥ
סᱧ𣬼Ծ뿪խ
ڤȡ
ҶԺۣڴߵˣɫ䡣
ħͷɱ㣡彣֪٣˳ưͷϵķΣʺ
׵ץס󣬾ؿȻڻѶ
Ҷѻһ𣬡ʲô
ֻʦŻѶѵǰĴħͷʦٰģ
ѶϲôΪʦ
㡭ʦҶѶĽԨȻͬ°ͻȣȻѣ㲻ʦժҿ
ﲢûժߣֻ̾һѶڵǸĽԨǼٵģҲʦ
лҪ˵ҳϦѽ

22

Ҷһ˵ĴħͷԻڣ
ѶΪʦ֪϶ԽܣΪʦԼҲ˺ܳʱŽʵ
ΪʦһѽΪޣȴ֪˲һϦ֮ΪʦֻصڣһĪر˳
˼˵һصʦ壿ǣǻ
ҶһĵصĵųħͷΪһţ㿴ңǺܺúŪ𣿡
һ̾ϢѶΪʦƽնΣǸħͷڶΣѵһҲ𣿡
Ҷѷ·𱻴ʹüŭҪҺʦĹϵ
˵ʵѶһ㣡
ʵҶЦ˵ʵڶ֪ʦ谮Ҷ档
ɣڤȵļϸħͷ֪¡
ħͷԻԻϲ⡣
ħսթһˣֱӵֶΡ
ϧǼᶨԻȥɣ
ҶѶų˵ɣ°кĿģ
ȻȻҪЮʦҿȷ㣬ҲóѣȻѾ䵽ҲûܻŻȥ
ֻǺڣΪʲôҪɽʦһҲû
֪ʦ֪ɥǷҲЩ᲻һӣ
ѶΪʦֻǵ㣬ޱĿġΪʦڣħͷ㲻ԺΪʦߺòã
ڴħͷߣħۣͬ
ҶѸĽԨ߶꣬аʹħ֮죬ЭħͷΪ飿
³ҲҪάĹʦŲʧ
Цű۾γ˵ʲôš
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˵׼һζȡ
ҶĽԨԱߣĽԨ˵Ĳ˶ѵһСɽСЩ
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ĽԨת΢΢˹ٶ೤Щźá
мҶĪЩȣæܿߣؼв˳Է
˿˵Ļе㲻һˣڱԼģҶ棬ȴƺ˺ܶࡣ
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˿ҶԵòˣЦ棬һ㳢
һԵŮžƺҶһֻƱ
Ҷ֪ǳµ˻ʧֲ̬̫ƾ˿⣬ֻöƱǳǳسһڡ
һһһζƽľǰϲ࣬غúȡ
ҶƾƵĶܸߣһˡ
ˣúȡҶ޵Ůָһ
˿Щȣ벻ľȻôá
һͷƽնǳֹҶȵó졣
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˿Ц棬ǫˡ
ĽԨҶѾʼ΢΢ζع˹ȴʲôҲû˵ 
Ҷڶһ𣬲ſʼе㲻Ծ
ƺǾƵĺˡ
΢΢ԴֳסĵؿĽԨ
Ƭ̣ԽԽȣӿ죬ֻýĽԨԵ񣬿˫ҡ񵴡 
ĽԨеתҶԵߡ
ʦҺЩΡҶ˵ġ
ˣĽԨʡ
Ҷһͷһ㣬ʦȥˡ
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ԨȻˣȥЪϢɡ˿ƽ
šĽԨӦһҶ
ҶֻûȺģǿ߳ѩ԰ڳŲסһᵹĽԨϡ
ʦ߲ˣ㱳ҡҶ̧ؿĽԨ
εģûʶԼڸĽԨ
ĽԨȴܳһףǰӣ
Ҷ濪ĵü䣬߹ȥȴСİԼĽţǰˣصſĺϡ
ĽԨԸоǰ޹˼ɵײɫһ
ס˫ȣ˳ƽϵ˵ߡ
ҶԴļϣӣĶ࣬ʦá
ĽԨģȻЩڸ
ϼһ·ϣҶĽԨĶߺ
ͽģΪƵԵʣԵøҡ
СèצӣͣĽԨӰӡ
ҶķУĽԨֱϡ
հŵҶ˫ȴͻȻסĲӣ
ʦ
ĽԨֳ࣬ߣС
Ҷ糺һƬĿȾ⣬Խʮ㣬ڳһ֣ĽԨĿ
ʦ㳤ÿһһ߳ճյЦдָȻĴϣԽ룬Ҳģġˡ
ĽԨɫɤЩƣСô
лҪ˵Сɰǣ֣
ףµһ꣬ƽҸ~

23

ĽԨɫɤЩƣСô
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ĽԨ׽סָĴĦţȻǳΪʦĶ 
ߵͳԸеҪҶУֻûͷֵˣʶԼĴԡ
ĽԨ͵͵ЦЦƻΪʦԡ 
Ҷ涢Ĵ·ħһ㣬˫ֹĲӣԴ뿪ͷһӽĴ
Ĵ毺ã·մ¶ˮĻ꣬ΣĽԨĴԽԽԽԽ»һ¡
ɾĴҪĴʱȴͻȻס°ͣٽֺ
·ѼӷˣҶüģҵ͸ɻͲʦҪԡΪʲôҳԡ
ĽԨԴͷϣˣӵĻԡ
˶٣аĻȣΪʦʱԡ
ҺòʦھԡҶ治̧ͷȥҧĽԨĴ
ĽԨȥСϲΪʦ
šҶصصͷֿʼóԣҺϲʦ
СϲΪʦʲôĽԨĿؿϲΪʦϲΪʦݣ
ҶЦϲ
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ҵһģҲڵСϲôĽԨʵ
Ҷɵҡͷϲ
ĽԨɫֶסҶĲҶ棬㡣
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뿪ڵļƻѾüޡ 
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˰ʱҶ淢֣µۣҶѱħס
ҲԭĹؼ顣
ԭ˼»󣬱㿪ʼҶѣҶΪԭǵ̣һֱÿǷԭǴӦȫԭ뿪ڡ
ĽԨɽ˻
ԭ˸ӼˣҶڶɽڼ䣬ڤ̵°ȥҺڤ̵Ⱦѷ֮
Ҷίѣȴ޷֤ףڼǰΪһĶ̫˺죬ȷʵѷ赡
ֻԭ֪
ԭ֪㣬ŽĽԨ
ҶȲѣȥĽԨ̹ʵ飬ĽԨȻǺԥѡ
ΪƽϢҥԣĽԨ׿ǰϣһʱ嶯ѺҶ˼֮ףҶѵ֮Ǹ
Ḻ𵽵ףҶѼˣȢΪޡ
ҶøΪδˣԭò㵱ʡ
еĹؼ鿪ʼˡ
ҶѵҥԣҶʾҸɵġ


24

Ҷ޹رʾҸɵġ
ҶȴôΪ
Ҷ棡ҶŭĵһյؽҶ档
ǳײҶ浱ˡ
ѵ֪׶һŮ˵жҪңʦңҪҶ棬ǲҪأſϰݣ
Ҷ濴Ҷѣε̯֣Ųţҥ
ҶŭĿ㣬˭
侲һ£룬ң˭֪Ǳ°ߵģҶȸҶѽѹУ㼸ǰ飬˭
Ҷѵ㣬ҾֻΡ
Ҷüô˵Ҳҥɣƾʲôֻһˣ
δӦһᱣܣõ֪ôҪãҵףҶƶҶ棬߸ΣϴԼɣ
ҶЦһأôܶ϶ҥʲô֤ݣ
㣿ҵĺý㣡ҶҲЦԣϴڲҩұʦӶ񣬰ҽ˼£ҲƽˣΪҺ裿Σҵףװ޹
ģϡģҲҿҶɫ࣬Ҷѣڲףҥ
Ĳ㣿ҶЩɣȥʦ£֤׵ģֻ֮Ϊһ⡣
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ԼȥͣġҶ治Ϊ£˵֪Ǹ
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ܣʲôܣҶͷʺš
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ĽԨûлͷ˳ֽӹʼ
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šĽԨӦһ
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ĽԨһ١
ҶҲһ²˵ʲôԼô˵
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ĽԨɤͳǯס򢣬ζؿСΪʦֻ⣬ĵһλ˭ţ


25

СΪʦֻ⣬ĵһλ˭ţ
ҶĲɣԼſ˲ÿĶһοɬ־ȣɫ糺һƬ÷ɿ죬ƺǲδĽԨĻ
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ңĵһο϶ǸҶѵģֱ֪ʡ
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޷ΪʦԸ㡣
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ѣÿ˵һ䣬ҶͿһġ
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СΪʦĽԨ۵ףΪʦش⣬ȴûлشΪʦ⡣
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ҶȵرߣȴһСƳˮǲÿĶ
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ʦ㡭ܲһ£ɬ
̸ܸ
ʲôĽԨס۾֣°ͣʹ㿴ΪʦĶ
Ҷ澽ȵطȥС粵ֲǹҪġ
ĽԨüٲشΪʦ⣬Ϊʦ͵ǹġ
ҪŮɫǵУҶɴһ˫Ŀе㼱ˣòϽصһΡһεȻǻδķ
δķĽԨζĻȣΪʦе棬Сδķʲôģ
߻Ĵϣ毺õĴΡ
֪˭һ׷󣿡
ҶֻĿʵʣһ㣬ͻȻе֣еҧҧ´Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ĽԨЦһ£СΪʦѾϲˣԺ󣬻޸ô
ԣҶϵͷһһŵؿĽԨ˵ˣ˵˭
㲻ǵˣĽԨɫؿ
ҡһͿʲôǵˡҶЩ˷磬ȴװΪӣЦһ£ҲûϲأҹһǺ˵ʦǧţ
ĽԨζЦЦãΪʦš
Ҷһ漴ֺȻ뵽һ£æʦѵǼ£һҪ׵ģħȾ
Ϊʦ಻ҪĽԨĵʵ
ҪʮҪҶ֣صصͷ
ҪĽԨʡ
šҶٴεͷҶҪҲҪ
ȻҲ֪Ҷ˵ܵʲôǼ٣Ҷġ 
ĽԨƬ̣Ȼ̧ҶͷãСҪΪʦΪʦš
ᣬ͸ų磬Ҷ©˰ġ
ΪҪţԲţ
Ҳ˵ʵǲŵģ㲻˵ˣ
ҶЩգʦڵЩҥԣô죿
Ϊʦȥ˭ҽ˭ͷˡ
ĽԨ赭д
Ҷȴɵô˸ͬҲôбĺô
˵ֶеҶ֪ĽԨôάһ˰ɡ
ԭĴྶͥҶѲûøΪδˣ֪Ժľôչ
Ҷ˵ɣҲûȥôˣֻ밲ȫع졣
ʦȻȥˣ
ʲôĽԨȥָտʼƣСΪʦɡ
лҪ˵ϾҪˣʵͲôһ

ֶ


ҶεʦҴû磬̫󡭡ҪҽŮɣ
˵űҪߡ
ΪʦϲŮ˴ĽԨסϸ󣬡СΪʦһ󼴿ɡ
áҶ汻ʪĴæѿӲͷƤߵһֻش˫硣
ָһļȴһ˻ȥ¶Сطȥ
Сְϸۣ޹ǣĽԨļһ飬һ
Ҷվӹķ׾ٵԡͰһС
ãá֪Ҫλ
Ҷ˲࣬ʼĽԨ
ʦô𣿡ʵ
ĽԨĺ
ú·ȴʮãе㲻ڣ˫ֻ硭
ҶȻǲ˼һż磬һŹԼҪ뿪ˣ֮ǰбҪһ֮ڤ̼ϸ顣
õʱڤ̵ôڤȣ½ǧ
ʦĽΣȷΧڤȵôҶ״ʵ
ĽԨҲûУΧ˼ƻȡˡ
ΪʲôȡˣҶЩ⣬漴˳ѵǲ֮лħ̵ļϸ
ϸĽԨȻЦһСµòڵȷڤ̵ļϸ
Ҷæǵ취Ǹϸ
ĽԨĵΪʦ֪˭
˭Ҷ档
ĽԨȴСģΪʦԻᴦ
Ȼǲ֪Ҷ治Ҷʣֻѹºģ˵ͷš
ʦǴϸ󣬻ƻΧħ𣿡
ᡣĽԨɵҡͷħƾУභĽ޷Ǿܾˣ˭Ҳ䲻ãû˼
ҶΪȻʦ˵ǣҪ볹ײħ̣Ҫ㹻ǿ󣬷ħ̶ֻɱһǧ˰٣ֵ
㹻ǿ󣿡ĽԨͻȻмһҲǿһˡ
ҶŹ֣Щɻ󣬵ֻΪǶԲħûʲôģʦʵҪѹħ죬ؼǿ㡣
ĽԨͷСγԣ
ҶʦĿǰΪӦúͳǸħͷ¶԰ɣ
ĽԨ΢΢ףԡ
ΪͻȻأ
ʦˣҶѣǻŮ֮壿Ҷѵ
ԼĻŮ£ǵ˺ڲŽĿǰ׶˵ĽԨӦû϶ҶǻŮġ
ȻҶ治ΪʲôͻȻҶôĮΪ֮ף϶֪أΪڣΪ󲻻Ҷѵġ
Ů䣬ѾŮˡ
ĽԨЦЦؿСϣΪʦҶ˫ޣ
ϣʦΪǣħͷΪҶһԣҾʦӦöô䵭ѵͲһ֮£ı㣬תͶĻ
ĽԨ̺Сһһϣ񽥽Сûġ
ǽŮƣѵǶûһ⣿ǣ
Ҷ
ûģôûˣϵģ˽ĵģΪã
ĽԨЩüģȥɡ
ԼһСģ
ҶͲ仰ϽʦˮӦòˣҲ̫ãȻЪϢ
˵գͷҲص뿪ˡ
ĽԨͰڣ
ԼԽԽױҶӰˣɲʲô¡
*
ڶգĽ¹ȻûٸҶѣҶ±εͷ
Ҷѵȴû˶ù֡
ΪʦȴҶ档
ģȻҶˡ
Ҷʹ಻Ҷȥ֤ˣԸĽԨûбҶ˵ǲ˵ҶλûôҪ
ϧʵȴ˲пᣬ絶ʡ
Ҷ棬Һ㣡
Ҿ߱ҵĶ
*
ҹ˾š
Ҷ£ڴϷȥ˯ţɴܵɽһӹľҵ
ʵʱѾһˣԽ¹⣬ܿҵλá
ѵõʥҩֻ˼ЧúʹŵλãҶ氵Լסˡ
ʱ˿̣¹ɢŵɫâ״š
ܰˡ
һǮٿԱ֤δʮǡ
Ҷ澲ؿϲ뿪ںﰲңʱȻԼŲ
ҶһæïܵĹľԺѵҲ
ڲԶͣ¡
ˣǾ
ҶǴϵ
һ΢һЩϣʲô£ҹ
Ҳе죬Ҷ͵͵̽ͷȥһۣ˵ģǰٲø¡
֮ǰҩȥٲûǮʱ¡Ρ
ֻô£ˣ֪ˡϵĪ͸⡣
ĽԨҲҪڴʲô
Ҷﻢ£ʱᱻǷǲܡ
ϢڹľԺһҶ 
ܿ죬Ϻ¡
֪ĽԨˣҶ̲ס̽Դ
ֻĽԨһϮʤѩɫ£ʸԳףߡ
ֶһ¡ϣ˵ļϸ
ϸ¡ɫһ䣬æĽԨǰ£ˣҾʲôϸ
ŭĿϣϣΪʲôҪң
һֽ¡ǰڤ˽żѽص
¡ŵϵֽûмɫȴѾʼףͷðϸ
ĽԨû˵ϵްѱ档
ңǴ߸ҵġ¡ڷ
Цԩ޳ΪҪ㣿¡ĹεĶȻұڣ
¡޻˵ˣĽԨ͸ž¡
ϣôͽĽԨĵʵ
ϵ¡壬ڣħΪ飬ﵱ
ãǱɱˡĽԨ΢΢˹ȻʣȻ֮Ƴ
Ľ¡ң֪ԼܶùһĴ͵ӡ
ǣһ룬ȴǴӴϵĺ󱳴Ķ
ͣ
һʺѪ罦ĽԨѩ׵ϡ
㡭㡭ϲŵصͷ˿ԼǰѪȻһؿĽԨϧδ˵꣬صص£˫ĿԲɣĿ
¡عͷʱԭأɲؿĽԨ
ɪڹľԺҶ棬Ҳ˿ûϵչ𾪵ͷƤ顣
Ϊʲôɱ¡Ǹϸɱ˴ϣ
ĽԨ¡ʲô㶣ʬ崦
Ƶ÷·̸ޱ飬Ѫ˼㡣
ҶضһѪ۰߰ߵĽԨ뵽ƽַȻðһµͷ˲еëȻ
òǡǸħͷ˰ɣ


27

Ҷ汻ͻȻð뷨ŵò, ֻüƤˡ
ʵӸմʱ, ѾĽԨе㲻Ծ, ƷԻ, ǸԳֵ֮׽Ȼͬ, ˳Ǹħͷ
˭ȿò, ڵ˭, ˭ҽ, Ͱε˭ͷѪȲ, ȻûзҶ˿, ˸Ȼ˵
ڵϣĿĴһ³ҡ
ھ, õ֪ԾҲʼûķ롣
ĽԨǱﴩˣôķͽ͵ͨˡ
Ҷ־һ, ĽԨһֱͷǳﴩĽԨӦȥҶ, ĽԨ²Ŷԡ
İŮڱ˻ضĽԨĥ
ΪʲôħͷȴҶѣ
Ҷһʱ㣬ͷ
ʱԭص¡ع񣬴ӱɵӹһٺӦͦ죬ӢӢҲ㱻ˣȸ״ԼħļϸңûбɱΣ
˵գ̧ţһ߷ߵسϵʬ׺ݺȥ
ĽԨб¡һۣһûõĶ
¡ĨһѶǵ亹Ͱ
ľԺҶ濴Щˡ
ʲô
ϲǼϸ¡޹ģ
ǣǰ¡ָΪϸʱķӦı֣ôû⣿
Ҷüǿҵֱ鲢ûô򵥡
ɫ£ĽԨȾѪ۽üҴʱ͸˿˿а߻ħĶɣһ־Ķǵ
ܿ죬¡㽫ϵʬˡ
ҶɪɪаĽԨҲϽ뿪
ĽԨȴûߵ˼ȻתҶλã𣬡С
ҶһͷƤ飬ԭѾˣ
Ҳ⣬Ƥ¶ȥǲǹ¡
ʦʦҶ浨սľشӹľԺ߳ŴĽԨЦһôɣʦҲ
ĽԨüСôˣ㲻˯ʲô
Ҷ߳һ亹֧֧ҡ˯ţԳתһתû뵽ʦҲ˯š
ϵѪѡӶֲֻղŵ飬ֻʲôҲ֪
ĽԨ˳ĻţΪʦȷ˯š
һȥʦ裿ҶС
ĽԨûлشͻȻ߽
÷ѪҶıǻҶ΢΢½ǴĵѪߣ񾭸߶ȽһѾɤۡ
һ룬ͻһض
Сں£ĽԨĴƸЩ׵ա
ûаҶǿ򶨡
ĽԨЦһڷ
ҶŲԼ΢΢æΪΪе䡣
ĽԨص˵ͷ¶أСȥɡ
Ҷɴ⣬ĽԨע£򶨵תĲ뿪
ĽԨˣܵñӻ졣
*
صϼҶûа˯⣬ĽԨȾѪģͣﷴ֡
е㲻ȷĽԨǲǱħͷˡ
ڴϷȥãȻһдһڳϸڡ
ʳ
һΣڤһո߳ĳӣӳһ²ˣڲһǣȻװ׽ӲϲζȻΪǵؾóһᰮԡ
ΪǼζһüֱ˽ǳ񵽻ﵱˡ
Ҷϴֵʱ˿ĽԨȥ۹𻨸⣬ʱֻιһԼȴûгԣҲ֪ûгԣ
Ϊ֤Լ˼Ĳ²⣬Ҷ⡣
ڶ졣
Ҷڳæһ죬ʧܺһƷ಻ζҲ⡣
ϣĽԨֵҶƵǰ
ʦԼģ㳢
ĽԨӣЮһ⡣
Ҷĸ۾һգգض
СԽԽˡĽԨǰ⣬һ䣬ȴûаѸַͣŻ˸
ҶĲɵֱֱ³ʦ㲻ϲô
ĽԨüϲ˭˵Ϊʦϲ
㣬ôԣҶָ⡣
ĽԨЦЦؿΪʦϲ𡣡
Ҷɽæʵʦϲң´Ρ
´ΡĽԨĻ
Ҷɻؿ
ĽԨΪʦ㡣
ҶվһԶĵطʦ˵
ĽԨҪȥҶȴƺѷһ󲽡
֪ÿ˵ҪܽӴ
ĽԨ˸գüЦСƤˡ
˵գ΢΢̧֣ҶȻñһεǰܲˣһ˵ĽԨĻ
÷ǣҶȾ˽ߵı죬Ĵʢһʤա
СΪʦģĽԨס޳ָ̧µ°͡
Ҷ˼£ѲֻܵӦš
ΪʦԣСΪʦôĽԨɤͳ͸˵
εס°ָͣѹĴꡣ
ҶһԼһ˼ʱϹ̣һͿ
סԼͼתƻ⣬Ҿģ壬ܺóԵģʦһҪһ
ĽԨζЦָĦĴ꣬⣬𡣡
СԵƵؿһһٵΪʦ볢㡣
ҶӺһ£հһƬûзӦĽԨĴѾ˹
лҪ˵̲ס

28

Ĵ, ޼Ĵ
Ҷһ𣬾Բ
  
ĽԨĶġĴ, 漴/ס۵Ĵ, ᵽص˱ҧ
֮ȫϢռ, Ҷ󱳽ֱͷԿհ, ˫ֵ, һʱ˷, š
, ĽԨǳֹ, סĺԣҪ˿ıݡ
Ȼвͼ, Ҷ͵ѹΪֹĸһ鼱֮£һ, ҧ´
ĽԨʹ΢΢һüɿ
´ҧһСӣһʺѪ
, Լʱһ˵֮
ҶͷҡҲǹ, ˭ᱡң
ֻ֤һǲǱħͷˣȴôԼȥˣ
أĳǰ
û׼ͱˣ
ҧ˴ĽԨȴδŭཫ´ѪɾСΪʦⲻᱡ
Ҷ߷ߵشĻᱡ
úúãС˵ᱡᱡĽԨغȻСñΪʦռ˱ˣΪʦᱡţ
ǱǹĴϣЩδ
ϣֻĴҪõĸ࣬ǲշûŵ
Ҷͨ죬˭ϡᱡ㣡
ŶĽԨЦЦؿΪʦǵãСˣ롭
ʦҶæĻҹˣҲûȥЪϢˣ
Ҫ£̫ˣ
ĽԨЦЦûмתһϵ⡣
ӣЮһ顣
ûаԥֱӽιԼĿС
Ϊ֪˿СͿһʳһ뵽СģȻҲôʡ
οСһƬ⣬ܹ
Ҷ۾һգգؿĽԨµؽ׽¡
İˣʳ
ʦóôҶʵ  
ĽԨ΢΢ףóԡ
˶٣̧ЩǣС
ʲôóԣ
Ҷһ£ʱߺ
ˣСҲЪŰɣˡĽԨͷ󣬱뿪ϼ 
šҶɵشӦˣȴţͿˣȥһ˺ɽ
ĽԨߺҶ澲վԣлʣµ⣬ɵ뵽ĽԨЩĻ
⣬𡣡
СΪʦ볢㡣
ҶʱĵˣʶԼǹĴ꣬·Ĵ»棬ٴ
⣬ӦòǸΪһ㼸ζͰ˵ĳ
ĽԨȴ־˵ó٬Ļ
ôĽԨôأԽ
ˣ溦è
Ҷ͵ҡҡͷȻȥժͿԸڰݰˣǲǱħͷˣ
ǷɣŮҪóãԶǾͶˣ
*
졣
ľǰĿյϣŴϵİ߰ѪѾɽΪںɫ
ҹ紵ɽڲľ죬䲻ʱӹҹ䣬ԩ귢
ҶͷƤ飬ͣĬϣɱģҪңҪҡ
ʱѾȫţɫ£ɢŵɫâһ֪Ǻö
Ҷϲѣʱ־ԺæСؽڳòãװص׼õľС
뿪ǰԼᱻϵĹϣæŴʱλþϹ˰ݣ׻˵ԩͷծϣֻ޹ԹߣҪҾĽԨȥɣ
˵գɫҲƵˡ
뿪һԵĴһӻ߳
һϮʤѩҶȥķ򣬱ζع˹
*
Ҷصϼ򵥵ʰһ°
֮ǰĽԨ͸Щ޽һûá
Ժֻƽӣ޿ģٴЩݹѣδ̫ҡˣǻ
ʰð̫֮Ҷһֱ޷˯
ڶһ磬Ҷ涥èۣװľеٲûǮ
ڰٲҶ˸¡
飬оֵֹģô¡ħļϸԭ棬Ѿˡ
¡Ȼ֪ҶĽԨǰܳ裬æЦʵѾͷһʲôô
ûʲô¡ҶһһЩ㻨Ǯ
¡һϲæߴٵҿ
ٲúܾûյҩˡ 
ҶͷľС
¡Сĵľе۷Ź⣬
ܻǮҶʵ
дǼֵǧ֪¡᲻ʵۡ
ɣǵѵãҳһѾͷ㿴Σ
ҶԾôࣿ
дĶһࡣ
಻࣬¡ЦеصֻҪѾͷǰԼͺá
ڵӣҶ׹ˣ¡ֺ
ֺҲ͵ֺĽԨ
ҶһʣһƱϽϼϰɽˡ
;ʱ˵ɽ˿һ·˳ɽ
վɽɽ£ңһƬΡĽȺ
뿪ˣΪʲôȴԶûôġ
ݰݣҶ泯ڵķػ𣬡ʦˡ


29

Ҷһ, һ·ߣҸɽˮĵط, 
ǵ˳Ŵ, ȴˡ
ͷ, շǣֻ
ʵ, Ƿʲôϻһ˳, ôͻȻͲܳˣ
ң֪ͷ, ȥ, 춼ʵڳ
Ҷ, ͳĶԻʱ⡱һ, һֲõԤС
ôôɣҪ뿪ȴƫƫǣ
Ҷһֻۣʮڳſڴذ, ҪǵȫסԹصҲ޼¡
Ҷü߲ˣֻסһ, ٸ뿪
ĵǣȵĽԨˣ᲻ᶯŭ᲻
֮ǰҶѳߵʱ, Ųʣ뿪ķӦҲ̫ɣ
뵽ЩʱĽԨദ֣ҶȻе飬ܣô׵طŹ
Ҷһջÿͷ󣬰㵽ȥһ䡣
Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳һñİ͸ɴסӵоɫյ
ʮַ֣
ˣˣģ׵ģģɫСԵġ 
ҶһιŴļУú档
ʱȺкȻ
ݣ
һ󼱴ٵԶ
ҶѭȥֻŸͷȻмۡ
·˷׷ֵܵԣΨֻᱻײڲԶһҵСŮȴ·֪飬Ȼڽֵ򣬿Ĵ˲֪١
Ǳƥ̤СŮ϶ˡ
ҶľѣʱܹȥǸСŮѾˡ
ۼƥҪ۵ǰҶ˲ö룬һ֧һǽϵݣֱֱغȥס·
ǿգۼͻȻŵ͵ɲסֻǰڿգ˻
ϵûȣϹ䣬صˤڵϡ
ĸ۵ģӵƨɴӵ֡
Ҷؿҿ㲻ۣôˣûôǸȥͶ̥𣿡
⣬һ˫۶ݺݵصҶ棬ɷǣֱ
˵գеһֱӳҶ棬Ҷ淴Ӧ죬Աһһޡ
Ҷ㣡ӿܶȥһУŭɶٴҶ档
ԭΪҶֲ̫Ϥ һʱ׽⣬䣬ͷϵñһӳڵء
ž¶ˡ
ʱΧ۵뷢˵
ԭ׶Ҳ˲Ǽ⣬Ҷʿˮ
˶֪˭˼ӡҲˡӡ
Ҷ¶ĵؿҹ˭
ӺƤΣǰо¥Ǯׯҵ¡
ǮʶҶЦѹôţԭǸ
ⲻʶˡǰЦһ壬˶˱ӣӱ뱲ӽʳģô
˵գҪȥҶС֡
ҶϽ㿪ֻǰ˶ĵ£ޣ
飬ǰ˲ѵöŮôᣬȴƲԳԷƣӿϵŮˣûеòģˣǸӰȥ
ǣ
ʮӦҶΧ£
ҶܸоõЩͨˣΪѡ
һˣһ֮ʱͻȻǰһ
֪ʲôԵʯٶȣʮľ仮ȥ
ʮĶ֮һ١
һ룬һƬϸҶڰմ˸Ƶ䵽Ҷǰĵϡ
ҶƬϣմʺѪ
ʲôӰ˰ǶŲǰͷشߴٵ
䣬ʮĲ˲Ѫעˢˢص˵ϡ
ɱˣɱˣ
ĿѪȾ㤵һĻϵŵ÷׷ɢӡ
ǰʮ˲ͬʱɥʱɫף֪²Ⱦӡ
ɾת֮ʣһƬϸҶѾľ
ҶƬҶһذףǰĺ󾱣ʺɳ
ǰ彩һ˲漴ͬһ̲һڵϣʴԴµµһԡ 
ʬ׷롣
˾Ҷθһ󷭽쿪ʼŻ
Ʋסɪɪ˫ֱַһ̯Ƴվȡ
һȦУֻнֵѿյ˶ûӰ
ʦʦҶſһ˵Ľֵ̽Եؽһʦô
ƾһƬҶӾͬʱɱʮˣ׵ȡ׼Ŀǰʶ棬ֻĽԨֲı¡


30

ǹ, û˳֣ûӦ
ҶüĽԨ
Ҳ, ĽԨҪϲŻᷢ, ڲܳ 
Ȼ֪˭, Ҫлл־ҡҶ΢͸Ÿм
ȻԷѪȲ̵ķʽΧ, ıǰ, ⵽ʲôġ, 롣
Ǹǰļ, ƽ, ϶֪̣˶ҸŮҲ๼
ҶĸлȻûеõκλӦ 
پ, ԼñϣĲӻصջ
Ҷ˼СˣȴǷǰЩ˵״, ûһθڳԶ
ʲôҲûԣԡú˯һ˾պø·, ҪߵԽԽãҹζࡣ
ǿɫڳҶȴĪʼе㷢, Ѱ
¥ƹҪ˱īֽ⡣
ص䣬ֽʳ˼ƪֺһĲڰһЩ
ԷһɡҶ濴ŰֽԽԽ֣
ʱҹĻ׽ˣĵعͷ
ҶԸСˮ׼ԡ
ҿջܵṩˮͬʱĵΪŮ͹׼һСĻ꣬衣
㵭ţ滺ĹЧ
Ҷ潫һȫԡͰڣȻѣݽȺˮ
~Ҷ̾һ
ĺ󱳷ɵؿͰڣ粿¶ˮȥ
ˮ㣬ë׶ſˣʵ˯
ڻ˯ʱȻһɾϮﲻͬλõļյƾȻͬʱϨˡ
˲һƬֻʣҰ׵¹⣬Ӵֽ͸ 
˭Ҷͷһ봩ѣȴ͵ط֣ԭԼһϵѣˣ
ҶʱͷƤ飬鲻Խ뵽ĴϺǰЩˡ
أֹ˰ɣ
æˮ˫۽ػǰȫɪɪͬʱض⡣
㵽ǹ׳ŵһҲ㣡
ʱ⴫һĵЦСӵС
Ϥɤ
ҶŵһӾ˶ؿŴ߽Ŀӡ
¹⣬˿Ӱ첻ǾΪ˵գͳ׵ʡ
Ҳڼɲǣ˵ʲôܣֻ۾ȻЩɬ
һĵ£·һ˲䣬׵ذˡ  
ʦ۾һգգؿ߽㣿
ĽԨߵǰӸµؿ
ˮֻðһСԴ˫ɵģȦе㷺죬˫ΪڣȾһƬ糺졣
Ƭ۵ĴҲǸ󣬷·ձ/ 
ޱ 
ĽԨɫһ΢΢СȻΪʦ
Ҷ潥ػع񣬺Ȼ뵽ԼǴӳģϵı齩סһĶʱ
ʦô֪ģŵʵ
ˣ
ĽԨ˫ֳԡͰͰϣһſޱشսҶ棬ʣСɽʲô
糣ŭģҶǿԼ򶨣æɽʱɣٹʮ͵˵ٳɽģ
ŶĽԨ͵صͷСˣأȸΪʦ
ҶЩ飬Ʈһ죬ûҵģʱû򵽡
ĽԨıĨЦЦԣСڿջڵԭ򣿻Ǵ뿪ٵԶһĵط
ԣҶ澪㵵̧
֪ˣ
ĽԨԽǲɫҶԽɲ
͸ǲѾ֪Զ߸߷ɵĴ㣬ֻӲͷƤұġǺȻ뵽ʵмұȽݹûȥȥǼٹ䣬򵽷˺ģûҪȥ̫Զĵطˡ
ҲãΪʦȥ
Ҷĸ˵һ֣ǿջЦʦæ࿴Ȼòˡ 
ʱȻ뵽һ£æʵʦսϵЩˣɱô
ĽԨüĵȻأ
ҵϷСǻ˵ġ
ʦһֱңҶʵ
۵׵ĽβĽԨζع˹ûУǡˣΪʦʱҪ죬ûгϡ
ԭˣҶһ֪Ĵ㡣
üһ䣬ллʦҡ
ֱȻ׼ģĽԨ־
ллĽԨؿСΪʦ㣬αΪʦأ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ʦԼͽ쾭ôҪʲô
ֻǿЦ㲻ΪصͽΪΨ±ӣʦţ
ĽԨЩмΪʦȱţ
Ҷ룬ǡ±ӸʦŮʦ˲赹ˮ
ΪʦҲȱŮ
±ӡ
±̫ԶˡĽԨĻͻȻ̧ǯס°ͣɤͳСھ


31

С, ھ
̫ˣҶһ£Ȼе㲻Ծ
ȻӲˮ, Կ, ̫, ·ܴ͸Щ꣬һࡣ
Ҷϲɵ, , ˫ǰøˡ
ܿĽԨ, ΢΢, ߵʦ, ˡ
СԸ⣬ţĽԨֱֱؿ, ûа㿪Ц˼
Ҷһʱ飬ҡҡͷԸ⡭
עҪֵģ, Ů
ΪʦαҪأĽԨ΢΢ЩϷʡ
ԣҶ͵̧ȷŵؿ, ԭʦ֮ԾңΪͼҵ𣿡
ȻСΪ, Ϊʦֻͼһллô
ȣҶȴֻû䣬׹ߡ
û뵽ֻӣĵλ˵ͼ
ҲԣԭһֱҰݣǱһЩ㿪ʼ飬Ϊϲġ
ǿЦ
ʦЩҪҵĵͽк𣿡ҶԳع˹ȻˣҸ˭̣̣ʦԱɡ
˵գ۾ҧס´һ/ģ
ȴһϸı̽ȥʹ
۴ǰܹίûôܹû뵽Լĵλ 
СɵϣʲôĽԨĴƸգָشù
ûпޣҶ̧ĽԨֵȴԼһƬʪ
ȻΪһ仰Ϳˣ
Ҷȸеѿ־裬з죬ֹסӿ
⸱ģĽԨͻȻһֺֻݺݵ߬ס
Ŷ˵ĻΪеȻ뿪û뵽ޡ
ٻ¶κθУȴԼʮ⡣
æСΪʦˣΪʦ档
ءҶСһίؿ޳
СԣˣԭΪʦΣţ
ء
СˣٿΪʦˡ
Ҷһвɴƹˤ޵øˡ
ĽԨɫȥ۵Ĵꡣ
ءĿ˲䱻Ƿꡣ
Ҷһ˫ӯӯ
ΣĽԨûеôߣֻĴͣһ˲תһһǸɣŷſ
СˣΪʦĺۡ
ˡ 
Ҷ汻ǵúҲ˼ٿˣ̧˫ˮﻹ͸һ˿ɡ
㡭Ĳҵӣɤӿ޵еɳơ
ȻǡĽԨ۸㣬Ϊʦֻ뽫ʬΣҡ
Ҷ򴽣ĵеܺȻ֮ɢˡ
ԭΪʦˣĽԨʵ
Ҷص˵ͷš
СԡĽԨֺȻǰǲ㻨괩쵽ˮȥ
Ҷһʶ㣬һؿ
˵겻ӣʲô
ĽԨȴ·ûпӦջ֣ؿˮÿ죬Сˡ
Ҷϱһɣԭָֻһˮ£ȴǲķ룬
šҶͷ漴Щ˼ضĽԨʦҿҵǲǵˣҼһ¡
áĽԨӦһתȥܿ㽫ýݸ
ҶֽӹȴСĽһźɫСѵ˵ϡ
һʱǵͨ졣
ġǶ
ۼĽԨӾҪȥҶ鼱֮£һְֻͰأһֻ־ϵĶǶһ
ˮ
ĽԨֻ̧ǰ/ѩ֮ϣ÷
һžӨˮ飬лȥ
ɫһ
ҶһͻȻʶʲôһæˮ
ϴںȪҲǱ 
ǣǴٻһϵţȴǲŴ/ơ
ӣˣˣ
סԼҿĽԨı顣
ĽԨɫջĿ⣬ӵϼСѡ
źɫĶǶϣµĶϣԧϷˮᵽŮе㣬вһ
СɣСĽԨǶͰϣûٿ˵ձȥˡ
ĵյһ˲ͬʱ 
ҶεײǽĽԨȥˣŸϽæҵشԼѡ 
ĽԨʱеš
Ҷ治֪ôΪ˻εգæ֮ǰдõõǰʦ㿴ҽҲû֣


32

ĽԨӹ, һطһ͵Сùԡ
Ҷ氵ң, ̫ˣ
֮ǰ, ȫԴڵͻȻ, û֣֪Ҫôͷ
뵽ϴαڴӽ, Ͳһ¡
ĽԨֺ, һ, յ, òһһµƲŲĭ
, ûߵĴ㡣
ʦҲȥôҶʵ
šĽԨصͷ, ΪʦҲסɣһȥ񡣡
Ҷæ¥ʦٿһ䷿
ĽԨ۵׻һĨζɫ΢΢׵á
Ҷ¥ߵ̨ǰ, ƹģٿһϺõĿͷ
͹٣ǱǸƹһ˼СѾȫסˡ
סˣҶ治ü, ʵʲôӣô֣ 
ʱһСһͰˮҪ¥˵ĶԻ, ͣ¥ݿڣǣƹģǼǴˣúܣ˵ϺõĿͷû˶ͨĿͷźüأ
˵ʲôƹɫ䣬æƵƵǵСʹɫǴˣѾȫסˣ
ŶŶŶˣСǸῴɫģæ͵һԼţҶλ͹ٲ˼СļǴˣѾȫסˣ
ûˣҶ治ģƹСͷͷ϶еģֻǲ֪ʲôԭҪѳסˡ
һӷڹϣƹģҳ˫ķǮ㿴ܸܲڳһ䣿
ƹǶһۣΪǸ͹٣ûзˣҪеĻһģкǮȥĵ˵԰ɣ
ҶֻûԼӣƵ¥ˡ
¥СæߵƹԣԵʵƹģ㲻˫Ǯ㶼ҪǲǿջѾλͰˣ
ƹ̾ڵǿջˡ
ĽСʱ۷Ź⣬Сջˣƹģ̾ʲô
ƹüĽңղٽӿͣǷλҶ¥һҪ˵ȫסˡ
СЦĽ⣬һƹĲٺôɣ
ƨƹҡͷ̾Ľ˵ˣҲ˵͡
ôС̲ס廰
ͰǶƹסһֻƺʺһĨӵĶ
ǣСһָָԼǵ˼ǰڣ
ƹûشֻǿһĬĬؿѾԶ
Сʱһ亹ղһʱڿ죬֪ǲѾǻˡ
ҸղšѾˣӦû°ɣ
û¿ɲ˵㡣ƹС˰֣ȥȥȥŷСźš
*
Ҷصͷ
ʦҿջѾסˣܵջ
ĽԨĵ鷳Ϊʦסˡ
ŶҶʶȤصǺãʦЪϢȥҿջ
˵գתҪȥ
ĽԨȴסСһסɡ
ҶͷһЩȻؿǡ˯ͬһ䷿
кβɣ 
Ǵȥ
ȻʦͽǹйŮģͬһң˷顣
˭ҴȥĽԨ΢ɲػһĨâ漴ҶСӰбԼǣαع˵۹⡣
Ҷ˵ĺе˵ͷæҡͷǣôôʦ˯أ
˭˵ΪʦҪ˯ϣĽԨ΢΢ü
ǡҶҭһ£ȻΪ˯ϣȻԸ⣬ֻεЦЦ˯ϰɣʦ˯ϡ
ĽԨЦһСһŴôҶˣ´ࡣ
ҶϵıԽ㵣Ҫ˯ͬһŴ
ʶ̵λһۣ˵󲻴˵СҲСȷݵһ˯ǣֻз޲Żܵͬɡ
ĽԨȴɫ̹һ
Ҷ˵ʲôֵСȥ˯ɣΪʦҪԡ
һ˵ţһߵ⻽˴ˮ
Ҷ棺
ĽԨԡúȴҶѾڵ̺һӡ
Ҷ̧
ֻһ°ɫĶ£ǰЩ¶/еǣͱݷؼ
ҶȻѪͷеڸæ̵ֻƿߡ
СôѱڵϡĽԨ߹ȥ
ʦһ£ǻǷֿ˯ȽϺáҶصʹ˯ϣʦ˯ɡ
ĽԨڴ£üŹڵϵŮΪʦһ˯䡣
ҶɻüѰ˼ƽѵһ˯ô
û˵ֻȥõСһӣ
Ϊʦϰ߸ôࡣ
ô죿
һ˯ůһ㡣
Ҷ治֪˵ʲôˡ
˵˵ȥһ˯
СĽԨһغţһץסὫ
ɤͳԸУ˹֡
Ҷշ̣С¹ײסպ壬˳ƴӵȥ
糺죬Ҷ࿴ĽԨһۣ˯ڴֻ࣬ĽԨһӰ
һ˲ĵȫϨˣڰ֡
Ҷ治ɵûܸоĽԨ÷ޡ
ƣôһλãô˯ô
Ҷ治ڵŲŲǼ⼸ǽڡ
ʱԭ޵÷Ȼ۽ĽԨֻĻС
ĺ޼š
Ҷ󾪣ӽһֻŵʦʲôѽſң
Ϊʦ䣬Ϊʦһ¡ĽԨǵţø
ʪȵϢĶϣģҶ鲻Խ΢΢˲ͽ͵˼£㲻ٶˡ
ӵȷе
ĽԨȻеһ㡣
һʱһģһ
ļŮе㣬ͲǶǶϵһޡ 
ĽԨЩԣ뵽ǿˮ飬˳Ĺֻȥ
ҹܾҶĽԨ˼Լͨͨ
ȫϲĽԨ˯ͬһŴͬһűӣңܵƱڻ
᲻ᷢʲô
˵Լʲô飬ţɬôһڴ
һУ˵ĶǼٵġ
ǿҲȷԼ᲻ư͵ش
һ뵽ŮˣͲзǷ֮ˡ
ǰؼһЩɣ³ҡ
ңѾҪԶһ㣬;ٺľ
С˯ɡĽԨϵΪʦʲôġ 
ԣֻǽ
շͼ֮
ҶȴûвǲֵۣĽԨֻǱһֱûֵõı֤㽥ж˾裬Ҳ֮
һû˯һֱľսģľƣʱһɣƤͿʼˡ
ʱҶ㰲ĵС
ĽԨȴûа˯⣬ľѴز˲䡣
ÿ춼˯
ã˯еҶͻȻһʲô΢塣
ĽԨȴڽʦ
εˣĽԨ˹ߵСǳ
ҶûзӦ
һħͷǧУ
ĽԨ
лҪ˵棺ʦ
ҳ
棺ħͷ
з
棺ħͷ
΢У۵ǣԣһ
棺ħ
-
Ŀʮ
ϣʮǰư٣΢
Сɰǣǿɰָͷòã´Ҳѽ

С

ա
һƳĵ, ҶԺۣĿıĽԨĿĿ
ʱĽԨ, һֳֻͷ, һֻһƷ˿, ޳ָĵذš
µǰһе, Ǻؼڰ, ̲סȥһѡ
һ۾Ҫô/޵ջ, Ҷܲס, Ͻ, ϥǣǽ, ˳ĽԨʦ硣
С硣ĽԨɫؿ, ˯úô
ҶͷУ˸ĪΡ
εʲôˣĽԨζʵ
ҶϺȻ𼸷ֽߵı죬, СҡεԼˡ
ĽԨζŨˣף˭
εĪǾεˣ
Ҷֺ˼, ҡҡͷƮû棬Ҳ֪˭
˵ˣô֪ܲ
Ȼһֱûɹٵ棬ȴʶҪ޵ˣĽԨ
ֻ˼˵
ôĽԨʵ
Ҷһ죬æϵȻûˣҲŲΣ 
εһǳɴ/ˡ
ĽԨЦЦֻεףʲôĪģ
ҶĪǣҺ˻ã׼ҪʱڤǸħͷȴͻȻϲãҸˣ
ˣ˼ĽԨ˼صͷȻأ
ڤȣŰң˰ҵָԼȥ̫̬ˣ
Ҷһ˵ţһĵع۲ĽԨķӦ
Ͼ֮ǰͺܻǱħͷˣȻ⣬Ϊһֱôɣʼûг
ĽԨΪȻüô㣿
ô᲻أҶЩ߷ߣѪ̬ɥĲĴħͷʲôģҵʱһֱ񼫡
ǧУĽԨ廰
Ҷ澪ȵصɴ۾ʦô֪ģ
ĽԨ΢΢Ϊʦ֪Ϲ¶ѡ
һ£СƺԳ
ǵȻҶɵصڴħͷ˵ö֮ʦҲһֱ𣿡
ѪˣҲĵģҲҪӵĶĽԨؿСǳֻһ˺ãô
ʦΪʲôҪʣҶɵؿĵǸµͷð˳ 
ô⻰еΪħͷϴ׵˼У̽Եô£
Īǣǡ
ĽԨɫΪʦֻԺᱻǸħͷƻ󣬱ˡ
ԭģҶ澪ɲԷһЩ漴æᶨҡͷʦİɣҲᱻƻģ
ĽԨӿһâת˲š
ûٶ˵ʲô̧ҶԴˣʱˣСϴɣȻԹ緹Ϊʦȥիһ񡣡
Ҷͷš
-
ǰҶԭñģ뵽עĿˣԱλҲûͷʱôˡ
ǣĽϣԿ֮˵ʦͽˣ˷׷פĿ
ӿҶ棬۾ޣһԣһͬеӣ̱Բλ࣬Լڳ롣
һŮӣҲֻ׵Ӳϡ
һЩŮӵĿ⣬ճĽԨϣһЩû棬ͨ죬Ҫʹȥ
ĽԨҶһ߽˽ի
իһ̣ǵΣһ㶼Խի
һţիӴĻ˫һæȥԺϰ塣
һիϰӭ˳ЦݣϹϾ
ˣôˣһǰС궩ΣǡøոɣСڸأ
ʱһһ̴ľƳɵκйκСطŵĽԨǰ
ϰڵضĽԨĽȻˣǾȹĿһɡ
κбƴ򿪣ҶʱеЩαĿ⡣
һƸʮΣΣҡ׹󡭡Ƕ񣬾ݹ
֮ǰСģͽļһҪãǱӹӵظƣ깤ˣʲôģǻʱٸġ
Ҷ濴ǰΣˡ
¸¼ǣҶѱС£ĽԨҶѶġ
СΣϲĽԨתҶ档
Ҷҡͷ΢Цϲ
ǸҶѵļʲôʸϲ
ǺáĽԨҲٶ˵ʲôһ֣κеĸӱ㡰žડһˡ
޳֣Ƶذ˽еĸϡ
һ˲Խիϰȥɡ
ϰ̴ľκУһȴɵˡ
ֻԭݹΣʱѾΪһ촷ۣիϰ岻ɵɪɪĽΣǲ𣿡
㷽û𣿱İͽ˵ϲĽԨЩͷõóֵȫһ
ҶҲľСʵʦ㲻Ǵ˵ô
ôһӦüֵƣô׾ͻءܼҰ
ĽԨ̧˼繣Ϊʦ͵Ǹˣֵøõġ
ǡիϰæصͷ
ܿ죬һα㱻ڵҶǰ
ֲʣֿʽУĿס
ҶǵһμôΣۻңһʱжϲ˿ʺ֡
ĽԨվԣͻȻ֣ЩУһʿõ
ԭõľ£֧
С㿴ôĽԨʵ 
Ҷһֻ֧أͷϣĵ֥ƮƮ
æͷ޵ܺÿʦʺơ
ĽԨƺ⣬Ǳ°ɡ
ţֵ򡣡Ҷ渽͵
ĽԨЦЦؿС󷽡
Ҷ㶣ƺЩ˼ˣĪǮɣ
лҪ˵ллҵ
СɰѾ׷ƽٻͷǰ½׷۵ģллǣôһССԸҲֵȥ⣬ܸж

һǴħͷ

û, ڲƴ֣һƱأ
һС˼, 
ϰ, ӶǮҶիϰʵ
ϰһ, üЦ󣬲󡣡
Ȼ
Ҷ, ȴϰ˵ѾĨȥͷ, ֻҪǧӡ
ҶֻѪѹ˲쭸ߡ
æ˳ĽԨ½, һ, ѹʦ, ӺеûôǮ
ô᣿ĽԨ΢΢ü, գСǲɵ¡ﻻһô
Ҷ۽һ㡭֪ˣ
ĽԨ, ϺȻ¶ЩȻ֮ɫ̾һСôˣȴøΪʦһӣΪʦﲻζ
Ҷδ, ʧæҡҵȻðӼֱΪʦģͽҹ, ҲҪ㰡
ǧ򣡻ʣµǧҲ㹻Ժˡ
ôĽԨƺЩɵʵ
ȻˣҶ氵ҧҧתͷϰϰ壬ҰӰɣˡ
ذˣΪʦֱűǡĽԨС͸ΪʦģΪʦҪÿնš
ʦľͺáҶǿջЦ
û˿ѡ˼ʦҿҸʲôأ
ĽԨɨһЩĿΣ漴һֻӣӰɣӦûϲ
Ҷӹ£ͨӨ覣ڹ߳ĵطˮڲ 
òƷʵ²ˣҶæʵϰ壬ӶǮ
ϰǲɽˮ񣬱ȽϡУȻ͸ĽϷСҲöģֻոɱѣһӰɡ
һ
Ҷ治ɵһλԶԶԤ롣
ʦСط£ΪѵؿĽԨٿİɣҾͻʣǧˣӡ
ĽԨȴΪ⣬˹û£ǻǧôΪʦȽǡ
裿
ҶĬˡ
Ͷ˿ûʲôøУ˵һ͸һǧҲ᲻á
οö죬ҪͿǧټһʾ޶Ƿ͸ˡ
ԸĽԨȻ̾һС֪ģ޾ɭֵǳɽյڶδ𣬳Ҳ޼Ѱĸ
һ£ƺЩ˸Уܣһιˡ
Ҷ濴Ŀ΢΢ۡ
ôǿ󣬿ĸ׵ĺȴֻ޲ߣΪ֪ʹࡣ
οʦҲ̫ˣ˵漣ء
ϲ֮飬СģΪʦúܿĽԨͳΪʦֻϣ뿪֮ǰÿһ춼ĵġ
ǸΪʦ룬յСһܿĵġ
ҶεЦЦô
Ѿ˵ݶˣپܾǸƺе˵ȥˡ
ǣҪһ
ҶԥţȻ뵽֮ǰ˿͹ƥˮƽĽԨӵ޽ɱɹˡ

ĽԨӣٸ˿ӣҲӦõġ
˱ۣϰϰ壬Ҳˡ
õģõġϰЦտС͸Ӱá
ĽԨ̧ҶͷοС涮¡
ҶЦЦû˵ǴݺѪ̣۵Ҫ
ڵشӻｫһƱͳؽȥڵѪ
ĽԨζع˹ϰǧȼţձ塣
ϰæͷû£û£ʲôʱ嶼С
Ҷ汧װĽУĽԨһ߳˽իĴš
ɥԭһԺĸƫԶһЩӰң϶̡
ڣһûӰǷĽԨǧӣ
Ͳýҵ꣡
ڣ
-
뿪իԶҶ㱻һ˵С̯˹ȥ
ĽԨվһԾ
˵ʦʮִ죬˿Ľɸʽ̬˶
ҶִͳֹպܸȤ񣬺Ȼһ۵
ɸ磬ǲɣ԰ʵһԸ𣿡
ҶͷһһҵСкͷĽԨΪԼɣа۾ǻϲ
ҶЩЦСӾ棬ȻĽԨ·ˡ
Ҳѹ֣ÿУ㳬ףӾߡ
ĽԨСкֻСϡ
СкС֣ʱѩ׵ڡ
ĽԨСкӵ֣ѩ׵̳˼ںָӡ  
ĽԨ΢΢һüӿӶ֮ɫٿһ֣Скס˾
ҪҸʵʲôԸأĽԨЦʵĻȡ
Скڰ׷۾ﲼ˾֡
ͻȻıʣҶһ˲ӦæȥĽԨ֣ʦſСˡ
ĽԨȴΪ
ʱһ˰ǿȺ˹
СкĽԨסʺСѾǵͨ죬ͨǰˣλˣ֪ҶΪʲôðȷſҸ
ĽԨĵصŪҵѡ
ֻϹȻмָӡæûп˺ҵĴˣ⣬ǮҶ⣡
ĽԨҲҪ⣬Ҫ⡣
ֻǸӰۼӵǳϺɫᶼˡ
ĽԨЦǾֻˡ
һǰʱһڣϿͷʲôҪ˺ҵĶӣɣ
ҷҲǲԣǾһһĽԨȻ˿ڡ
سһԶһԷմӽ⿳ϵĲ񵶱һεշॡһǸǰ
ĽԨĮؿŸˣûһ¶ȣӵ
ɫҰס
Ҷվһԣֽű䣬һƬ˵
ľС
ǰһĻǶôϤ
йһҶ̵ľ飬һСкڿջﳳ֣õմħͷЪڸڣųһıҪɱСк
Скĸƴ飬ﾹԾſϷŹСк
λĸˣֻԾԼӵ
ǣλĸԾ󣬳ȴȻûзŹСкһֻһ޸šСкĲӡ
˵ôãȥȥɡ
ɥĲ˷ָ
ΪòĸеĸТ
Ҷ˿Ѿκһ˿ɣһɵˣһǴħͷ
лҪ˵棺ǧһˡ
С뻹ծףһ£һΣ
棺Ҫ
һ£һǧ
棺ǲҪ
һ£һʹ
棺mua~
淢ԼǷĪԽǷԽˣ

35

ôıӶҪ, 㻹ԼôħͷӸµǸˣŰĨЦ
СкɫϺΪϣʼۡ
˲, дž, , һһ, һҪŹҶӡ
ҶϵѪɫ˴, ȷĽԨĿǳ, о², , ޹ϾҪɥ޶ԡ 
ΡΡס, ЩûҪ˿ϴģ˾, ޷ء
ﲻΪȻԾԼĶӣѵô
Ҷҡͷݽ棬ֵһ, ǣСкĸ, ҲĸŮɷӣˣ˶ʹΪһʱ嶯ô˻ʹ֮Уѵͻܿ𣿡
ԣһ¡
ɱ˺ܶʱΪģɱ˺Ҳû˶ġΪʲôҪɱأΪģҲñ˿ģòҲñ˵õ
ƺҶȻ飬æֵʦ˵治Ļһ졭˵ˣҲѹҲϣҲϣ𣿡
ӿϸӵɫؿΪʦˣĻѹ
ġҶΥĵصͷԣһ·Ҫɱ޹ˣ𣿡
ãСģΪʦɱǡƺúãع𴽣ɿ˶סСк֡
Ск׹ڵϣһȦ׵պۣΪʱȱѾ˻ԡ 
Ǹ˻æȥСкڻֹ
ҵĶ
˻˻æתҶ棬ͣؿͷмЩ״Σлл㣬ллӣллŮ
Ҷæǰסܲ𣬸ϽӻؼȥɣԺмҪ˺
һģ˺ͷϽŶҲƵ뿪ˡ
Ҷгһû뵽ħͷȻȰ
Сα˽ţΪʦŲѰӣҪǸԾһ赭д
Ҷ·𻹲֪ݣЩԹǣʦ㷽ŵˣһΪ˲߻ħء
ħͷϲŭ޳ѾܣʱС
ԺΪʦע⣬ܾˡͷɫˣСǸûȥˡ
š ҶƵӦһҪˡ
͵͵ԶѾͨеĳţкڲ
첻˳ţӦȿģǽɽǲѾ˳뿪ˣ
*
ĺɫԲԣҰãã
ʱҶͳվɽɽ¡
ңɽƬΡĽȺֻϼиԺΰҶᡣ
˵ݰݣֻˡ´һ˵ټҪ˵Ҳ
ʦ̫ɽˣǿɽɣҽֻûأ
Ҷ˵գԹԵǰߡ
ͻȻƮƮش
Сװˡ
ԣҶͷһһ˲ĽֱתװһƬãȻ⣬ʦ˵ʲôʲôװˣ
̯Լ˫֣ɻҲûװʲôѽ
ﹴ˹߽֪Ѿ֪˭ˡ
ÿһֶһףҶӺһ¾ըˡ
ʶ·ӣ˫ŷ·˸Ų˰벽
οӣôӵõ
ҶֻӲͷƤҵȻ֪˭㲻ʦ𣿡
Ȼֽ뻳ζؿ͵һЦʦ𣿡
Сʦ§ôһֻ§ϸһֻ°ָͣ۵ĴĦʦֻҶѣô
Ҷһƿ
װȥˣһصųԣ֪ˣ֪ǸɥĲĴħͷôɱ𣿡
Сֻôɱء
ãһһħͷĻҶЦ
ﹴ˹˵ʲôϵȻһ䡣
üɫת˲ò԰ף΢΢ӣһֻȭصѴȥƺʹࡣ
Ҷ濴߳ϸ
㡭ôˣɵʵ
СҵĺȻʹҺòã
ҶһһĵؿٻңҲĵģ
ôǿ󣬻õС
СĿ첻ˡɳ飬Ҷһֻ֣ΡΡС
Ҷȴˣ˲źã
״лһĨȻ֮ɫСϣ
вԱУӦáҶȻ
ϵԽʹ࣬Ҷȴ͸žᡣ
Ҷüʲô
ڣ۾ص˵ϡ
Ҷԭأˣʲô»Уĵ
ǣãȻûжôֱͦͦڵϡ
Ҷ澪㵣н񱣬֮ǰСкǳһڣɱˣôҵĵϣ
ѵġ
ҶͷһСߵԣӣôˣѣ
ǣﶼ޷Ӧ
Ҷ澪ɲȥ̽ıϢ
ûк
æѶϡ
û
ȫ䡣
ҶĴͻȻһƬհס
ˣħͷˡ


36

ˣħͷˡ
Ҷ治, Ƕ˵ǧôͻȻأ
˵ö֮ĴħͷˣӦֳƿŶԣҶȴֻͻȻյ, ·ʲôҪĶ
պʹħͷദһһǰ, ÿڿʱ, ᣬ, ʮռ
֮ǰ, 
С, ԷƱ
С, 㡣
С, ھ
С
ԺҲСˡ
ҶıǻȻӿһɬ
Ȼȷ, һֱǺܺõġ
ƭҵĶԲԣЩʣһѣٽһС, òã
ؿŰĿȻоʵһǰʼģ, һۿ˳ֱϡ
ҶסԼѹֲסе, Сس
ʱԺȻһϤ
С
Ҷһ£ΪԼ˻ּʡ
Сԣˡ
һֻ޳Ĵķࡣ
Ҷ͵طס˫֣㵵ؿǰˡ
ｫӵϷβЦ⡣
㡭ûҶȻӦȭͷţ쵰ƭң
ˣֻˡĴסӹСȭͷѾ˹ŹأͻȻ뵽СǷҵǧѰ˼Ųܱ㣬ֻˡ
ҶֲţȦص
㿴㣬۾޺ˡظգ۵Ц⣬ԭСȻûƭңˣĻѹ
Ҷ澽Ȳѣ֣ٵĨᣬ飬ѹҲǸղ۾ɳӣҰͲ
ôﲻΪȻعô˿ţ
ΪΪɳ۾һֱ಻Ҽ
Сǿɰ̲ס롭ЦһͻȻǯסҶ°ͣ
Ҷ󾪣ܵ㣬ȴһ§ס˲ð벽
ݺݵסĴҶ߷߲ѣʼʩϴҧ˭ϳȴûٵóѣס򢡣
һΣ׵˿Ĵݡ
Ϣ˳̴С
Ҷһֹ
ȴ§ø̴ڹ˱ҧ
ͼһģһĸղܡ
ҶһƬհףӱֱ˫ֵϣʶؾ½󡭡  
ɿסĴ֣תסĺԣǣˮ㣬֪ȡ
Եأƣڽڰˣֻܶס
Ҷ潥ңԣһ˫ĿҲԽԽ룬Ҳֿգһ̲ˮڳĻ
֪˶ãҶ漸Ҫ͸ʱ򣬳ڷſ
Ҷ糺죬/
˱÷ۣ˰ŭص㡭ᱡң
ﹴǱǵЩ׵Ĵϣδ˭ô𣬹͡
ҪҶ˲üҪѪ
ͲҵģҪҲաһס֣С߰ɣҪˣɽ
ҲŲҪߣҶ˦֡
΢΢üΪΣ
ҶһΪҲħͷۣͬ
ŶСڡЦЦؿȻħͷۣͬôǷħͷǮأ
һǧҶǻǱӵģ
ڻͷ룬Ǳǣűߣֱɵ޿ɾҩ
̲ҪֻϽĵСҪǵãǷǧ
Ҷίҧҧһ취ģ
ǧɲСĿôһ˭ȥɣСʲôʱǷҵǧˣҾʲôʱ뿪ô
ıЦᣬغ
Ҷ룬װκеݵǰӼֵһȥɣǧҲҪˣֻҪ߾С
ûнӹκУˣҪŮ˴ʲô
Ҷ޺޵ҧڰõիȥˣһ£ϾܻǮ
۰ˣҲԸ⣡һҲۣ
СΪիô΢Увζ
ҶЩץˣħͷ㵽ô
գҳ
ħͷҶƫҪŸɡ
ĵؾҳ
ħͷ
üٺȥֻС뻹ǮҲʲô¡
Ҷ̫ˡ
ûʲôıı£ȥɰҩģҲŻһͭǮǣҵҩģǣôأ
СҸṩ˼·ĵص磬ҳһηԹһһС磬ʮ
Ҷͷ
Ƿǧ㰴ÿһ㣬ҲҪʮܳ׻壡
вУʮ̫ˣ¸¾ҪǣʱŮѪѣǱħͷ֪ǻŮ֮壬͸ܷŹˣһ˫ޣԼΪ
ҪǼ뻹ʣиĹ취ζع𴽡
ʲôҶæʵ
ٴ̺ĴϣİԼĴһΣһΣ
ҶѸǺ죬ȥɣ
·ûգպǿ/֣㹴
/ڣ񫡣
Ҷ
ħͷȻûĵģôĻҲ˵óڣ
΢΢üҲ취ûб㡣
ôûңǰǿң졭Ҷ涸ȻסߵһƬ˵ôֱ׵Ļô㣿
Ѿ˿ܰװױ
ǰ棿ǰֻûᵽôǮ¡ĵؿȻ㡣
Ҷʱ᲻ѣ޳ܣ
ЦС
Ҷ汻ó˵


37

С, ߰ɡЦЦؿҶ棬֮ûǧ, ǲ, 㻹ԼʶȤһ㡣
Ҷü, ЩɻҸ, ѵͲҰͱ©ȥ
￴Ц, ˭أ
Ҷһҭ, ȷ, 껥˼, ֻ߿Խܣ˻ΪǷ, Իڣ㲻ûϻѡ
οֻ֪ҵܡĺ΢΢һ£ұ¶, ãһŹô
Ҷ漹һæסԼ죬Ҳ˵ȥġ
ʱ, ̫Ѿ䵽ɽͷֻʣǼƬϼڹӲд
￴һܵĻȻҶС, ͸ҷֵҲǲԡ
ģҶ˫һҲ֪ܻ׷ߣæʵʲôܽܵһ
㿴ܿͺˣ߻Ҳû˻ᾭ
Ҷһͷˮʲô˼
ζع˹ѹͳɤԽԵùƻ󣬡СӸңǧһʹ
˰ɣҶشĻ
յɫǺ죬ԲԲص˳һۣԼתɽߡ
лһĨϷ֮ɫȥ
*
صڡ
ϼҶһ
Ҷ濴ӵζȣǧô᲻ûаʳ
СЩƽϲԵģô㶯ӣʵ
Ҷûصûʲôθڡ
ôУֻҪСһڷҾ͸㹴һô
ģҶʱ˫һüҪ˵ĻҾθڴˣ
ϽӣʼǷֻƽʱһڷķҪֳԡ
᲻֪ǵС˼ȴʲôҲû˵ؿԷԽԽÿɰ
һҶֻųԷЩζһۡ
СҪԵˡ
ҪŶӳԷأǣһڲˡҶסһ㶮õų
΢΢һڲ˶
Ҷ濴ǰһո⣬ÿüƺЩǳأҲϲ⣬˲Ӫġ
һ
ô˵Ҷ̲סôߣּۻ۵Ͼһ;壬Բ˼飬㿴ҳһ͹ʮô
ãǾʮ磬һոŵ
ҶͷȸԾѣ˭˵ϲ⣬ϲˣ
һٷҶǷ˲
δĶٷԵгɾ͸У
˿ڣ˳ȥʣµķˣҶСȥˡ
дһһҶƤʵ
üֲÿôôҪˣ
Ҷ̾һǷôǮصģ˼ϣҲǰ
˵գСʵҲǹһԣܲܵõ㽱ǳﲻͬ⣬ǵʵʵȥ֣ȻҪܷģ
ĴǹĨЦЦĻȣС˵ĺҲеǺãһһȥɡ
ҶʱϲЦտϽߵ鰸
кīֽ̺ҪʼдֵֻСֵݣдҵְɡ
áҶͷӦ
ܿ죬дҳ
شߵҶֻ࣬Ǽҳֽϣͨƪǡħͷ֡
תɫѱ棬Сֲˣ
Ҷ治ͷһæҡͷǣ֣ħͷֻ֣д֣Ȼö๴ӡ
һ£Ȼޱ飬ָϽȻ㲻ϲдˡ
ҶҲִ֪磬ų̬ҪѾˣһʹˣܿܳԲ˶ߣ
̧ͷԡ
Ҷһ죬ƫƫԴ㿪֣Ҫרд֣ҡ
áվԣؿ
Ҷ֮ǰдħͷǼҳֽţ̿ɾֽš
պī֭ȴֽϳٳ䲻ȥ
ֻĪؾãֽдһ˵֣һ£˼ϲ
Сǲʶ֣Ҫҽôдô
Ҷһ飬æããʶд
ҪħͷְֵؽѧŵøϽʡ
ţǱдģֲԼҪдģʲô
Өϣֳı£һһˮ̣͸żֲ繵ζ
⣬΢΢׵
ܿ죬ҳֽűҶдˡ֡
Ҷ±ʣ֣ĪӿЩ⣬˳һۣô
һţƬ̣͵С֣ԽԽĿˡ
ԣˡҶһ˵һߵűߣŴ򿪣ؿų
µúԡ
ﲻΪع˹߹ȥȴ߳ţһְѷšžһ¹ϡ
ҶһʶԶһ㣬ȴѾŰϡ
ҽˣС˯ţüζ
ҶȴƲֺֻյص룡
ʲôͳЦһǵ˯ѣʲôҲ㹴ɺã
ҶһҲŲ㡣
֮ǰʦͽϵţ§ݱ¶ֻ˼ˡ
ͷĶϣСģ㻹ûмǣҲᶯġ
ϢʪȣеĶҶһֻԼҲеֵģ뷨⿪ʼҡ
˯ˣټ֮ǰԷֻǷǧˡ
ȥ໹죬ܰˡ
ҶԽԽĶ 
лҪ˵лӪҺСʹҹ߸ 2ƿ

Ҷ棬

ҶƳ, Щصҡҿһ¡Զ㡣
ķΧ̫ˣӰ־;
ﷴֱǰ벽׳Ѿ, һָֻĺ, ᲻صĦ, ƵؿСʲô, ţұ֤, Ĳᶯġ
÷ǻ, Ҷò, ֻó, ŵϴݹ, ˫鲻ԽЩ
㣬ſҡҴӦˡҶ治òЭʹҿһƬ졣
ģʡ
ġҶͷ
С, ұôٴεͷߵʵҪеĶ
Ҷһһ߶㿪ԴһߵԸġ
ȴûô׾ͷŹ, ôߵĶشԸôţ
Ҷͷ, ˫һһֲֻؾס½мܣԸԸ˯
ԡع˹ſɤᣬȥԡɡ
һ뿪ǽҶҲ֮ʧˣüҪѪߵøϽ⻽ˮ
гڣҶԡʱĵģͻȻ
뵽Լźʱԣֱ̡ûãÿζòò֪
ҶԡãбϣʲôҲû˵˴´ᣡ
ŴᣣҶûôš
ԡϺߵߣһֻҶѾñӰԼʵʵģֻ¶һԴ
ΣҶǱǽԷϴͻȻռıˡ
ǸǸġһضԳ
￴һһüСͽ˯ţ
Ҷֱ׳˯ͬһŴˣѵ˯
㡣/ȥıӣҪͬһӲ㡣
ӣҶĽŵæקסϵıӡ
ǣڳǰһ׵ƿ˱ӣȥ˳Ƴһ죬§˻
ıǼײʵţҶһ£ôֱռˣ
Ҷ쵰˵˲ҵģ
ЦС˵Ĳʲô˼ţ
ҶûҲף
/ڻãĵظ͵Ҳ˼ǣǲһЩ顣
ҶգڵΪͿ𣿡
кβɡĵҲǱ˯ϴֲû
Ҷﲻƽ⣬Ҳ֪ҪӼۣ
ӦʣԣһǧΣ
ߣ⻹ࡣҶŰ
ֻҪֶţһҲûʲôԿġ
ңȻ֪ɱ˲գ۵ĴħͷǱڻȴĪؾðġ 
ûж˯һþ
*
ա
Ҷʱ򣬳Ѿڷˡ
ǣҶվڴߣżֽ壬ض
ҶۣҶѳЦһҶ棬ˡ
˯ѾôĻҶæüҶѣʲô˼
Ҷеֽ壬ѵ֪֣Ǹ𣿻дҿǻˡ
Ҷ涨һҶõģдģȫǡ֡
鷳Ҷ֣㻹ҡ
㣿ҶЦһڤ˽֤ͨһỹ㣿
Ҷؿô
ôҶЩ⣬ʦôã㾹ȻұҪʦҪֱӸ߹ʾã˶֪ǸʲôĶ
Ҷ̾͵ֲҪдģʦдġ
Ҷ㶣ʦΪʲôҪдħͷ֣
ô֪дġ
ҽƱ磡ҶֻҽڣʦԴħͷƲôܻдħͷ֣
ҶЩΣ㲻Ҳû취
һ£Ȱִ󣬷򣬻ʦ˵ġ
вңҶЦҿں°ɣǱʦ֪ˣԺͱٹƻʦˣ
ҰɡҶ´ٴҶ֡
ҶһתߣҪȥʾã
ҶüקסҶѵֱۣˣңִ󡣡
ҶѿǰŹ˵ľɫգеļͻȻһزлһĨ⣬ĽעУ͵Ҷһѡ
Ҷ˿ûϵҶѾ֣Ϊֲһأʱɼףݺݵײһǡ
ײһ˲û֪һ˲ĵʹ˲֫ٺҶһ𣬲ʹ/
״ҶЩʶǰҶ˵ɸ벽ȴͣסˡ
ǲϷŵ̬ҶһҸûôҶ棬װˣ
Ҷһֲֻطأʹֱɫ԰ֽȻð˶ĺ顣
̧޺޵صҶѡ
Ҷ棬ΪҾͻھȥʦڤ˽ͨ£
Ҷ˵գתҪȥҳ״Ǹմ򿪷űסˣ漴ӵصͷǰӻһʦ
ȴһۣӹҶϣҶһʹ࣬ɫʱһæ߹ȥסСôˣ
Ҷҧ´ѵҡҡͷ
˵ɵ
³֪ҶҶѿ׶༪١
ҶѱϾŮҶ֪ЩŮŮ䣬³һ㶼ңеǡ
ȻҶѼҶ⸱̵ģǵûимԽ˳ۣʦǰװģʦϧ
ų§ҶĴ֣Ҷеļ޸ǰ߷ߵصʦҲСΪ
δ˵꣬شƵ
ֻע⵽⼸֣ʱһݣһҶ˱˳ȥصҵǽϣ׹ϡ
ǽϵĹһõҶѵϡ
ҶǱسϰͻȻһŻһѪ㵵̧ŵؿųʦ㡭
лҪ˵лӪҺСʹ 1ƿ

39

Ҷ絶, ǰҲϲǸıʦ, ȻΪһŮ, ˡ
ʹô￴Ҷ, ޱʵ
ҶѲֵҶǰĨɾߵѪ, ҧҧʹ
ʹĴǺȻĻ, 
ҶѲ²͸˼, ǽվ, ǵ߹ȥ
ɻû߽, ȴһɨٴαǹɰԵֱֱɳȥ
һε, ȻһҪغܶ࣬ǽҶҵѣҪҴˡ
ҶصصǽߣһѪ
, ʹôƵʵ
ΣҶʹ˵ˣֻȦͨؿųʹͰԹ
ҶһԵսľؿų, ȻɶҪģħͷôŰŮԺ϶ҪŮӱŰ
뵽, ʱҶڸŮԺ˵Ҳ㵽ͷ
Ҷͷһ˲ͷˡ
æźľʹһ³ڣȰʦϢϢŭʵǸѣ˵ͺˡ
ʲôᣬΪʦֻ֪㱻˵ˡüҶ棬ۡ
漴Ҷѣ΢΢һУת˲纮ԺٸҶСһͷ˿Ϊʦͽʦš
ʦĸһشҶѴһƬĿڶʹѡ
ɫҰףΣίʦ֪ΪʲôҪҶ棿
̻Ҷ棬Ҷֻôʱеʹϵʹٱ
ΪҶڤ˽֤ͨõˣܻ֤ȥΪ˱֤鼱֮²
ΡΡվһֱеֽ壬ʦ㿴ڤ˽֤ͨʦҪٱıɱˣǸİǣ
һۣĵְˣ֤ʲô
ʦе߳ĵŮӣôһӵдҳֽοǴħͷǸɣҶȴ֪ܵдôҳضǶǴħͷвɸ˵˼
ﹴ˹ЦЦؿҶ棬С˵ĶôϲǴħͷ
Ҷԭ԰׵ӿѪɫųȻˣôܻϲǸħͷҺ޲ͱ
С˵ǣǱ㲻ǡҶһۣ°ɣΪʦҪСˡ
ҶѲŵصɴʦôǲǸιԻˣ
Ի㵹ˡüҶ棬Сʵ˵ǲ͵͵ΪʦιԻ
ҶҡͷûС
ûУƺЩ󣬡ΪΪʦȴԵߵģţ
˵ʲôѽҶߵͨ졣
Ҷѵȴǰְףʦûи㣬ҲһǸ½ͷˣһߺģһߺʹħͷв岻Ĺϵһıƣʦһ㡭
ֻҶѰְ£ʱ˼ȣȥҲ˵һ顣
˵ҡǡΪʦҶѶʱˡ
֪ԼʱȰ˵ȥֻԽᷳ㺬ãߡ
ǰݺݵҶһۣ֮·ҪҶű߻ˡ
Ҷ棬ҵţܿ죬Ҿͻ˶Ŀ
Ҷߺ󣬳ҶߣСȥˡ
Ҷſڴϣ΢һ£ĵۡ
£ˣҿ
ҲҪѡҶһ죬ײ˺˾͡
δ˵ֻ꣬˺һĺ󱳱һ
쵰ȻֱӰѴĺ˺ˣ
ҶתͷųҶ˵ں˺ôʲô˼
һ޹ǸһС̫ˡ
Ҷ棺ǣ
ǹ⣬͸գ
ûж˵ʲôҶ˴Ƭԭ۵ļʱѾõĺײ
۵üظ˴
˻Ҷʹ̲סһ/
Сһ£ܿͲʹˡｫȵעģƤͽǡ
ģҶúʹԽԽᣬ˴ȵģ˵
ˣ߽ơ
ļϸ񣬹⻬Уָмáһ
ֹƬ̣ϡ
ֻҶԭ׵ĵطѾָѩϸۣȫܹˡ
Сˡ
˺ˣҶж磬æҪȴȻ׽ס˫֣ͷϡ
㡭ʲôҶŤͷų͸Ųͻš
ﹴСˣһ
Ҷлл㡣
һ£лһĨζɫôķϣֻһǧˡ
һǧҪǮҶʱɫһ䣬ĿԲԲصڸǰô˵
ƺ˲ʨӴ󿪿ڣⲻǰ۸
ˣļ٣ֻſΪˣﻹ˵ϱġһ
Ҷֱü˵ף֮ˣ㺦ģд֣Ҷôҷѣ
Ƭ̣˵ͷС˵еȷҲΣǸ룬ֻˡ
ҶЦħͷûУΪ㣬Ҹˣûˣ㷴ҪǮҪвУ
ǡЦһٴθ䣬Ħţһһϻȥ
ַ·ŵ磬ҶӲɵ÷ַߣ㡭ڸʲôס֣
￴Щаͳɤ͸ȻСϸҳֻԼҪôˡ
лҪ˵λСʹղһ±ߣһӣ
ղңÿιѽ~

40

Ҷ˫ֱͷ, ˣֻպ޵ħͷ쵰
쵰, С, ҳ
Ҷһ, ˸ħͷĴʣ
ôЦЦ, ޳ָı, дԼ, ħͷرϲĥ, ȴϲ, С룬˭أ
İʾԲ, ֻҪϽ֣ͻ᲻ĥ
ҶҧҧúǰҲһ, ûؽһ
ȴ⣬һ㶼ᣬ, ٽһΡ
մŴɫĶǶϸĴƵ˸ᡣ
ɫϸĵѩۡ
ｫϸ޳ָ, ·ʱҪ
Ҷ۽ֱһŵ˼֣
ǲ⣬оԣСٽһЩһЩ
ٽһЩһЩǲͱˣ
ҶвڣŲҪħͷ
ԽǲУԽǵãһҵ߽ġ
գǵؽֲɡ
Ҷ飬ʱȴͻȻ뿪
ȥҶΪҪߣɳһ
ǣȴֻŮ˵ʲôһתֻˡ
ҶŵøϽñӰԼ
ڴ£СԵ㶫һ¶ӡ
Ҷ㣬ûθڡ
ﲻΪع˹ԷܹǷСҲûθô
ʲôãڿӸһ߹һǷԶҲǮҶԱ
뵽֪ҪħͷڲʲôʱҶپίѣȦе㷺졣
⸱ģһЦ̧ԴСɵǶģΪĸԸģҪľΪҲϧôܻǮ
ģҶ潫ŽɵؿֻǷǧ˶Բԣ
ԡ΢΢ףò˼죬ˡ
ԣҶ˲ﶼ˳۶಻١
Ͻ´ϴһ±ħͷ˺£һˮɫȹ
յ緹Ǳ̹һЩ嵭Сˡ
緹ҶԵ٣һҲ˶ٶ
Ҷշ꣬˿ڣֻһŮ̽Ϸһֻƺյ
ʲô
һ𡣡
һᵽһҶͲ뵽ޱȶ£ϲɵ̡
ϵģҪȾƣֵʵ
ҲȡЦЦؿǸȵġ
Ҷɫһ䣬æ֣Ҳȣ
Ů¾ƺȥˣƺյ˴뱭һ𣬡һ
Ҷһ£¶ɣ֪ҾãΪʲôҪҺȾƣ
϶ͼı졣
ЦΪСֻƵʱԡ
ҲȡҶҡͷҲȡ

ȡ
һǧպ
Ҷ֪ͼԵӼۣǧһ
̣û뵽ȴͣסƺź̾һȻСԸȣǱˣҲǿѡ
˵գյҪԼ¡
ҶϽյһǧһҺȡ
ûֱӺȣȥһֻյյеһ֮һٲ֮׿
Ҷ룬һѾϡ˼ؿ϶ˡ
ｫľٶȴδ˵ʲôŰĨЦЦ
û˵ԶˮҶڣǿʶ
ͷԣû˵Զˮ
һһǧŶҶüһ䣬Ʊͺ
һһǧⱭٺ룬ͿħͷԶԶˣ̡
һڵƸҶһü
֣һˮζȴǸϻ˿ѩ԰ȵĲࡣ
δ룬ܿͽһˣٶһźȡ
Ҷ׼ҵʱ򣬳סСˡ
뷴ڣҲźԼȡҶü֪Ϊе㷢Ρ
Сϻѩ԰ĸȲҾƣصؽһҹˮǽյһδҹˮ㷽Լҵģĸնҵϡһ£üСȷҪȣ
һԭҾƣҶӡˡһѹôԽԽΡһĺˣ
쵰ô˵ҶüտʼϺϼ
ҪѾƲ衭
ҶվȥŮѾƲ裬վŷ֣ͷˡ
׽ס󣬽Ļ
Ҷʶ뷴ȴʹصĴϡ
Сظա
ҶԽԽرý㵽ʲôѽ
Ҷߣҵ֣㡣յĶϣغ/סĶС
~Ҷ鲻ԽӺ촽һ
ϺԽԽŨһ˫ĿҲ롣
Сҳߵջ
ҶӻЩ˼ȴԸػһ~
ԣٽСһԼĶĴߡ
~ҶҵβСèצڳӡ
Ѫӿץס˫磬İؿСڹҡ
Ҷίһ´ҽġ
ôԣĴϣԽް°ͣףҲô


41

סҶ΢΢ҡͷ, ˳һۣȻˣҲûռҵıˡ
С, Ҳϲʳ, ղܡ
ָĦĴ, ҳһξˡ
Ҷ洽Щ, ҧһָ, ص˿ɲ, Ҫ
İ, 䲻, СҪ𡣡
ҪôѽҶգĿ
ɣʱ, Թס
ûѽҶ潿һһƬʶڳĴϣճյЦ, 㻵ҲһҲ㡭
˵գչȥ, סı
һ΢΢ſԼĴ
ҶһˣֻǲҪҧĴ, ȴһ
СҽôסͲססʼ
˳˿Ĵݣش롣
ۻȾһľ˵ĸ
ûƭĽ䲻ˡ
Ǵʮԣ·ҪӶһС
ҶǽֹĿأ֪ںδȡ
ģϢЩȣסҶ治ӯһյԽ§Խ·ҪĹѪ
ҶЩʵü̡һ
ſֻеŮ˫糺죬һ˫Ŀ뺬ոձշתĥĴ쳣
С֪жôƵÿ¡
ҶȴƺûעĻŤһӣжˡ
ɫЩ죬˵ʲôˣ
ӲӲģЩ̡ܣߺòáҶԽԽͣԴڳļϣ۾
аɫӿС֪ʲô𣿡
ʲôҶ
֪Լţ
׽ס֣ҪǴȥȴ֣Ȼ˯ˡ
ĬƬ̣ɫָҶ汧ȥ˯
ؿų˯еŮСеȲˡ
*
ҹ
¸
ҶڴϱĿϼˣȻʱˣڷθ֮Ȼʹ
ϣ³һأһʤѩӳ
Ҷؿǰ˫ӣ촽΢΢Ȼػʦ
ԼΣæ۾
Σʦˡ
ʦôҸ衣ҶѼæҡ
ˣΪʦ㡣￴Ѷ˵ϲأ
һΥġѶҶѼֱҪᣬҡͷأѾˣʦõġ
ǾͺáֵΪʦ֮ǰĶ֣ʵпԵģ㲻˶Ϊʦİɣ
᲻ᣬʦʲô£ȻǼµĵġ
˲䣬ҶеĽᶼˡ
֪ʦһпԵģģ
ѶЩ飬Ϊʦڻܶ˵̾һΪʦϣʱ̱ѣҪκ˵Ļñá
˶٣¼֣ħˡ
ԣҶһ뵽֮ǰԼ°ڤʱħͷ˵Щ֮ԣо
æʦǰЩȷʵԻڣһ㶼ţֻʦĻ
ΪʦȻûа㡣ο
ҶЩɬĵʦİɣ㣬Ҿκ˵Ļ
ˣΪʦͷˡصͷ
óһֻ״ƿݸҶѣѶǾ鵤ÿշһö
Ҷѽӹ״ƿʱжȦͺˣʦ
ʦĶ̫ˣ鵤ϡУŪˡ 
Ҫ뻳ţȴѶڱɷһ
šҶѵͷӰ״ƿеһ̴ͨľ鵤У¡
ɻ΢΢üʦ鵤ƺ֮ǰҳԹģһ㲻һ
ĽԨŪһž鵤ºͨȣӹͨ泩ոշµö鵤ȴһ֮С
ЦֻҪСⶼ޹ؽҪģѶؾڴˡ
ʦ˵ǡҶѵͷٶԳľ鵤ɡ
Ѿµ裬ѶЩЪϢɣΪʦˡ
šҶЩӦһʦҲҪЪϢһ㡣
ԴʦЩӣûһҹ˯þһĵĺˡ
߳Ҷѵ¸󣬺ȻסŲѩ԰ķ򣬱ĻȣڵӿһƬ֮ɫ
˿ĽԨ׼ô
ҵĸϷѾʼˡ
лҪ˵лͶڵСʹ 1
лͶ׵Сʹzoe 1

42

ҶĲ, ֱڶϲ
ڴϣۿɴʶػյ顣
ԼǵԼԺ, ڳĻ, һ˼, Ķߣؽ~
ںƬ, ȻԴҲ벻, ôķΧ, ֲ˾, ĳЩ޿ɱġ
ҶסԼ̵, һȥײǽĳ嶯ӣ
Ȼ, 뵽ʲôϽ´ȥϴһҪȥҳȴһˡ
С, Ҫţʡ
ǰԼҶĪЩ¶΢΢, һ¡
£ߵǰʵ
ҶҧҧԺ, 㣬ûСң
ˡش̹
ߣҾ֪Ҷ̧һۡ
΢⣬ɫȴߺ죬ʵҵʱûСûСǸ
Ǽ֣ݣ
ĸ·ûʲôһɻؿ
쵰ٸװͿҶ֪ʲô
ﹴƺЩΣĲ֪ʲôСҴˣѻ˵
ҶһţҵʱûСͷ
˵÷ɿ죬˵գֱð
ʲôûô壬С˵һ顣΢΢ս
֪ǹģҶȴ޿κΣֻҧгݣһһٵظһ飬ͷ
ŶԭСƺ˼ͷˡ
Ҷˣøҹ
΢΢üǲС
ΪʲôУҶ漱ˣ֮ǰ˵ˣһΣ͹һ졭ͿԹģ벻ˣ
οһͿ֪˶ٶȻһ˶ϣ
͵͵ЦζؿСղ׵㣬׵ҡ
ʲʲôҶһ漴һƭңô㣡
һ뵽ϴƺйҪǰƣЩ顣
òȥ״ħͷİɡ
΢΢Сռҵıˣ˾ͷˣţ
Ҷܿߣ飬֧֧㣬ǺôҲռˣ
Ŷǰһһ§סС˵˵ռʲôô
Ҷ˵Щεô
ĴϣصЦһˣؽϵģȻռ˱ˣȻҪѱռ
Ҷͷһæ
Ȧϸͷǹȥ
쵰Ҷס
ﶯһ٣ؿСôң
Ȼ㻹ΪԼϲҶûص㣬Ҿһ
һá
ãҶ滹ûӦʲô˼Ĵһɡ
Ѿȥ
Ҷ濴ȥıӰһ
*
˺ļҲûҶǰֹ
ҶΪɽˣڣǺֲǡ
ˡ
һƬͤеӰīֶ˵ĳ
ҶȷҲˣĿֻһӶûһ˿ͣ
·ֻǸ޷עİ·ˡ
һ˲䣬ҶĺȻǱһ¡
뵽⣬ôǣֻΪһۣ;ôʱǡ̫ˣ
ߣҶüҲٿתƲֵػϼ
գȻṳ̂ϼ
ҶЩסˡ
Ȼһ
Ǹ쵰ֻҪһֱңҾûʣµǷʹꡭһס뿪
ֻǷһǧˣ֮ǰĽȣͻ壬Ѿ뿪ɽˡ
ϵڣʱ䶼һܡ
ҲŲóѣ
Ҷͨˣȥҳ
ƺǸŮϴõˮж˳
Ҷֱӽȥˡ
Сˣ۵׷йһ˲
ҶĪЩΪ飬ϸЩ죬ôû㡭
βЦֱȥˣţ
Ҷһ죬æһ˦֣һߴûУ
΢΢һȻǰǿбסͷزľѣɤЩɳƣСûģÿˡ
лҪ˵лͶڵСʹ 1
лӪҺСʹͩ 1ƿ

43

ҲŲĹҶü, ȷʵڷ裬ſң
˵ʲôÿˣʱȴ۶һ, Сôúô
ﲻϷ, üŻｿŮ, Ŀ繣С, ֪ÿʲôʱϨĵơ
Щ, ÿ϶, ֱϨЪϢ, Ҳߵġ
ԭ, ֻһʱգԼ, ûǣѾݵñеĻҪˡ
ʱһγ˼尾ʲôζûһղ
ԽǼ尾, Խ˳Ϊ跹˼ȴƺû¶
, ڷºͲɴһа𣬲̲סҪȥѹ, ݺݵؽѵһ
һ죬ûͽڴϣĥֱΪֹ
ˡ
һ˲䣬ʲôɢˣֻ§ڻҲ֡
˵ҹҹԼ⣬ҶֿʼЩ¶ȴûʵʲô͵ң
㣬㣬˵һҾһ
ԣͶұܶҶ廰Щ֮ǰôûôԾ˵һӶټ㣬Ϸߣ 
ûлش⣬ֻؿСûңţ
Ҷ΢죬ǾǿҡͷûУ
ôЦЦؿСȻûңΪȴҪ
ҶҾ㣬ù緹ûУҿһԣջǮ
΢΢һ˲ɤҲ˼֣ҳ緹ԣһҲ㹴
СҰèʼջǵҪ뿪ǡ
ΪʲôܹҶü
ĿΪû˼
Ҷֱһֱ߲˼ô
ӣôȲ뿪
ԣҶӲͷƤֻǷһǧˣǸ˵Ļ˵㻰ʹʹ찴֮ǰ˵ģҰǷ
˵㻰أĵ
Ҷкһµıͷ˵㻰һĵض˵㻰ͲǸˣ
ǡȻЦˣصСǲˣ㲻ô磬ֲһţ
׽סһֻ֣ҪǶ
˼Ҷ˲Ǻʶһֻ־Ҫ⡣
ڰտסзâСǲƽ̫㣬ԽԽˣ
Ҷգ˭㡭 
ޱؿƬ̣ſ߰ɣȥ緹
Լ԰ɣûθˡҶ˵գתߡ
Ҷ棬վסͳһ˿в
ҶԶһ£һյؽֻر̶淴ĺһҲ
̧ű˷š
ͷҲص뿪΢Уһߣ֡
û˸ˣѱڻˡ 
̣һ׷˳ȥ
ҶߵһȣǰסЩյСͲܺҿһ£
Ҷ˦֣ǰߣһί£Ҳģ˭ˣ
ıӰԳع˹ǰסСҴˡ
мֵ
Ҷһſ
䣬ҶƳԶһϤӰ˿߹ˡ
ſңˡæԳ
ﲻɫתסһϸ
û𣿷ˣҶ漱ü
ĵˣΣ
㡭Ҷ
˿ѿ§§üߵǰ
ˡҶ΢΢֣ڣâڱ
˿ĿҶɨֻͣϣɫЩѿ
ת࣬Ԩһ֮ҪעһԼУ
ӲԼкβסﲻΪȻЦϲˣԽô 
˵գ˿棬Ҷ뻳ͷȥ
Ҷ𾪵صɴ˫
쵰Ҳ̫޼ɵˣĽԨܻµģѵͲ˿
˿˰ΣȻľٶˣԨɺͳǽ˿ˣڵ涼㶪ˣ
ſҶ棬赭дض˿˵һ䣬ĸˡ
ҶһҪγѪͨͨѾ˼ȥ˿ʲô飬յص˳һۣˡ
лҪ˵
лͶڵСʹ 1
лӪҺСʹͩ 1ƿ

44

߻׷ҶԶӰ, ˿ɫԽѿ
ԨԽԽˣ㿴Լ, ﻹ֮ǰԳֵӣ
ﲻÿɷЦЦ
˿̾, ĳԨ, ȻѾͷҪҲܰ˼ȫϡ֮, ֪һ, һŮӹ˻, ԺЩǰ㣿
ĸ, ˡֱԡϷʵع, ʲôڣʲô, ȲСһͷ˿
Ԩ˵ʲô治Ļ㡭ҪΪ˿÷Ҫʹȥ
ĵĸ׺α˶ٹһӣӻһϲġ
ʲôϲ˿üʵ
ʱĸ׾֪, Իһ벻ĴϲﴽЦ۵ȴӿһĨת˲š 
˵գҲٹ˿ηӦ, ȥ
*
Ҷһ·ҲƵܻϼϷţ, Ļ÷ɿ죬þòƽ
Ǹ쵰
˿ǰαװԼıԣһè壬֪Ѿв߻ʲô
˵ħ֮䣬ܿҪȷѪˡ
Ҷ氵ЩľרŸµĿֲӣһҪԶһ㡭 
СšʱȻͳ
ҶͷһʶصֽŰ壬ʲô£
ҽȥ˵
˵ɣüҶš
ĵұ˵һǧԸһʹ£ȻСûʲôȤǱˡ 
ѵһҶŴˣŽɵؿĿԸһʹ
ﹴ߽ķС 
˵ĵǲģҶ׷ʡ
ͣסüġ
ˣ뿪ˣҶ澪ϲ
š
Ҷ漤ԭתȦȦܿ侲Щɵؿųôã
òʲôɣһӻˮԼĿ
磬СҺʱ㲻ã
˭˵˭СҶϲʤ̾Ҫȥʰ
סС뿪֮ǰܲٳһζ
㡭룡Ҷɫ졣
ɫѸȥƺ͸ʧ䣬С뿪֮ǰһ⣬ҳô
Ҷԭֻ⣿һΪ㡭
Ϊ˵볢һζָҪ
Ϊʲôʡ
ûУûСҶæҡҡͷ㲻ǲϲʳô
΢΢üСô֪Ҳϲʳ
С˵©Ҷ棬۽һæ֧֧ΪΪϴҼֻһ⣬ϲĻӦòֹһ顣
繵ؿ᲻ýһȫ꣬СֻҪģҶϲ
ҶȻҸ⣬ͷߣ
š
ǺãھȥҶӦ 
-
ǳﳤôһ̤վһԣҶæ
ôҿҶЩڵҲﲻæȻùȥ㡣
ɤͳٶ࿴㼸ۣԺ󣬾Ϳˡ
Ҷ涯һ٣ҧҧû˵ʲô
ϴѾ˾飬ɣܿŪˡ
Ҷ潫ǰ
ιҡβЦؿ 
Ҷ濴ڼֵķϣֻýϴɾһ⣬͵ߡ
֣ҧУ׽¡
С֪ôСҵǿģɬģζһֱ֪ʲôζֱ㣬Ҳŷ֣ԭҲġ
ؿЩȻϧҲҪ뿪ˡ
ҶĪһᣬ֪˵ʲô
ǡˡ
ס֣ŵ̬С᲻㣬ߣòã
ȣҶܿߣһ˦֣עһ·ˣǿһǲкýġ
Ҫƽǲܸһħͷһġ 
;Ҳͬ顣ٴνס֣С㲻ϲɱ޹ҾͲɱֻҪϹԹԵߣ˵ʲôҶòã
Ҷֻҡͷţ˵ߵģ֡
˵ʧ񽥽ȾƫִҪǸ飬С߲ˣⱲӣ㶼һŹ㡣
ҶʹɫףҧǿŤĹϲ𣡡
ʲôһұͲ䳢ζ
ҶȻһתһ̣Ѿ￸صУڴϡ
ӴֻıӰʧſڣűϡ
ûб׼Ű벽
ǣˡ
ꡱ
Ҷһˡ
лҪ˵
лͶ񵯵СʹPromise 2
лӪҺСʹ°Ůè 8ƿYellow_yӨ 2ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

45

ţҿţƾʲôңҶĴŷš
ηŭ, ʼû
Ҷֱ 
벻ͨΪʲô粻Ĵħͷ
Ҫһ
ʱŮɿڵķ, Ҷ緹û, Ǽ, ȴŮȫԭⲻض˻ȥ
ԣ
Ҫʳ־
磬Ҷ濪ʼͷԻ, ȴǱ, ƺҪ, ߵ, Ȼ
, յÿڸԺشӴ, ȥˮȡ
ˮȥţȴһͷؽᣬۿҪԵڵ, ʱһ˫Ĵּʱطס
СΪộ΢΢üˣ
Ҷ滹, Ҳܡ
Ϣ΢ƿ֣ȴʹϰ
ĺǹ˵, ɫһᱧֱٲá
ٲõ½ӻϰҽ飬ҹԱҶҴ߽һƬɫصģʱһΪҶʲôҪ£æӭȥ
ôˣ
̣֫ϸһ
Ҷ£˵ֱϡ
ûڳҲͰˣڶų½ӾߣҶЩΪ飬
šǿȴġ
½һԿסˣδԼ⸱©ģ
ŵɨ½ӣ絶档
½ʱعæսľǰҶ
߳ڳ½ӵϣųصѹȸУ½ӽŵôҴ·ǸҶʲôõĽҪˡ
һ
ڵģѾͷֻͨķȣԼҩܿˡ
ԣɫŻ
ҩúȥϼﱧҶ棬뿪˰ٲá
һ·ϣҶʼûٸ˵ڶ仰
һΪһҲΪûʲô
صϼｫҶطŵϡ
ҶŴǽڣֻһǿıӰ
ڴ£סȺС֣Сҵţ
ĺҶûѣȴ۾ 
üģؿҲû˵
Ҷ˯ȥˡ
ʱ󣬳½Խõҩ͹
ʾҩһԡ
ǣҪȺȡ½Ӷһ䣬¡
ѻڻ˯Ҷ棬ӷһͷ
ðĺںɫҩҨ˰ף˴͵ҶĴߡ
Сҩˡ
ŨصĿɬζǺǻҶҲȡ
СԹԺҩұ㲻ˣòã
ҶҧŴ
СҶԣǲԼӲ¡ԣҩˣͲôˡĵغš
ҶתɤƵصǣߡߣҾͺҩ
񽥽С㲻ϺҩƶһԲԣ֪ôϲ㣬ȴʱ޿̲Ŵӿ
ȭʹĿڴСҵġ
ҶĪһ£ɬ㽫ߣֺγĥң
ĥһ˵˭ΪУ˭ΪУԶվôڣվΪеˣȴ㣬С
ҵʱֲ֪ǧָĴħͷ
һݣһֻȻסҶ˳Ĳ⣬˵ôһ죬һһɱ㡣
Ҷļܵؽֱĵ˲ӿĿ־塣
Լˣϲŭ޳ɱ˲գ۵ĴħͷֻΪƽммݣ㲻Щѳ
ǣϺľˡ
İסĴԽԽ
Ҷ汾յûʱѣһϢ֣᲻һ˿
جج룬Ҫô
Ҫɱ
ΪʲôĻôʹԸκ˵ϣҲϣǱɱġ
۽ǣ˹̵ᡣ
ʱȻһţɿ֣Ҷ§ŵᣬСĺ㣬᲻ã㲻ԷҶ۵òˣȹԹԳҩţ
Ҷ汻ŵòᣬԴؿļϣ޷Ƶ΢΢š
¡ıȻס˫磬ؿСҷһõġ
Ҷ滺ҡҡͷȦҲã̫ˡֲСèСƾʲôҵɡ
˵˵ţۿȥίˡ
ǲ֪ôźˣСҵô
ίģ˲ˡ
סС֣Сߣҷһõġ
ظһΡ
ȣ·аȼգҶڵͫؿԼĵӰ
ҶԽԽ죬΢΢ĬƬ̣ŵԺǡǶҲãҾƴһҲҪ뿪㡣
⻰˼ȻǴӦڳˡ
һٴνӵ뻳УСԺǲãҾǰ
Ҷϣǿǲ֪΢΢
ѡڴħͷߣҲ֪ǶǴǸǻ
ǣΪһεĶ޷һΡ
СȰҩˡſҩ
Ҷŵҩǹɬζʶҡͷ̫ˡҲҪȡ
ȲôãţϺȣԼһҩ֭Ȼס°ͣȥ
Ҷסصɴ 
˿Ĵݣɬҩ֭ϤĿС
Ҷ汻ȥ
ιҩû˳ȥסĺףշתࡣ
Ҷ΢Ϣ˲䱻ߡ
Ƭ̣ſ̫۸
δ򴽣ƵؿʣµҩԼȣҼι
ַʽιҩĲ£ǳԸЧ͡
ҡԼȡҶ
ԡҨ˴ҩ֭͵Ĵߡ
ԼҶֲ֣ΡΡģòӡ
εع˹СԺǰǿ
Ҷֻþ֣һüһ߰ɬҩˡ
ｫһԣøɾɾȻһ۽
ЪţͺˡﳷȥҶƽɺãӡһǡ
Ҷﺬ۽Ҳð˿˿ۣ򴽵ͷš
*
ڶգҶʱѾˣˬࡣ
ܿͷ֣ΧĻԾ
İĴ̣İķ䡣
ϼ
һˮҶһλӡ
üɻؿˣЩƣ˭
˽
Ҷ濴ˣʱ㵵صɴ
ɫߣķɫƱĴ°ͣһϮ£ǻƽĿխεǡô
лҪ˵
лͶ׵Сʹкк 1
лӪҺСʹҹ߸ 7ƿ 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

46


Ҷͷ͵һ
ǡħͷ
, ϶ǳҶһֱǰĽԨ, ȷ
ǿ, һҶ߽, ȴھҵλñվˡ
㡭˭ҶûףСʵ
һԲض, , ųڵ档
ʦҶ̽Եػһ
ĽԨ΢, ô֪Ϊʦ
Ҷ, 
⵽ô£
Ϊʲôϼ˯, ȴǺĽԨһˣպͿ
ҶϲɫĽԨ΢΢ЦСʦô, ʦʲôҶϵóġ
ȷΪʦĽԨʵ
Ҷͷȷʦ뿼ң
ĽԨʱ鸴, Ϊʲôô׵ľϳѶȴƫƫҲ
ѵѶĸ鲢ûô
ʦô£ΪʲôҪݳɴħͷӣҶװͿ
ĽԨΪʦûݡ
ûݣҶһ, 㡭ôӵģ
ĽԨֱֱؿΪʦǴħͷ껥ˡ
Ҷʱһæס, Ȼʦ˼˵ڵʵǴħͷ
ǡ
ҶɨһȦĿǰķ䣬ԣڤȣ
š
ʦΪʲôҪ°Ҷһ£°ݵòãæĿڵҴڤȣ
ĽԨΪʦϼֱɱ㣬ѶĽ㣬һȽȫá
Ѷ֪ɱҶ棬Ȼġ
Ҷʱɫһ䣬ʶضĽԨΪʲôҪɱң
ΪǻŮ֮塣ĽԨһһٵ
Ů֮壿ʦ˵ʲôѽҶ㶣͵һκˣʦ㶼ͿˣѲǻŮ֮ѽôǻŮ֮壡
ǡĽԨʮƶ
ҶԽԽɡ
ĽԨΪʲô֪ǻŮ֮壿ĪǣǺͳﻥ괩ңġ
üʦô֪ģ˭Իڣ
ûԻڡĽԨҡҡͷΪʦ֪ǻŮ֮壬Ϊʦ֪Ǻ󣬺ʹħͷ˴һȣôħͷΪǣʹһƬѪȷ֮С
ֵòԭҪ֮Żָģ֪Ǵħͷʲô취ǰָˡ
Ҷ治һĽԨ˵ģԭڵľˡ
˿֮ǰ²ûĽԨȻġ
ȻĽԨģǳأ᲻Ҳģ
ҲģǲҲ֪ǻŮ֮飿
һ˲䣬ҶȻ顣
һʦ˵ģǻŮ֮壬ҲûҪɱҡ
ĴڣǾ޴һ㼰֮󣬴ħͷõ㣬ΪƱػᱩǣʱκεҪ˷ˡ
Ҷ湴˹ԣƥ
ĽԨÿɷ񣬵ȻΪмֵġ
мֵҶ治ɵЦô֪ҲǻŮ֮ǰΪʲôɱҶѣҲһΪļֵ
Ѷ֮ϵᲢۣĽԨٿҲ㣬Ҳôħͷ㡣
Ҷһ˵鲢δֻ֪£ħͷ֪
ôܻ᲻֪ĽԨЦһҶĻǲ֪ĻŮ֮壬ôģѶڣǼ鼴
ԭҲȷǲҲһˣ֪Ҷ̬ȲͬѰ𽥶Ҷɱġ
ǣٶ֮ǰ뵽ҶҶѵĽ㣬ΨһˣҶˣҶѱضģպ֪֣»һӡ
οҶѻڣҲһħͷ裬ҶѱȻ׶༪١
ʶĽԨʱı⣬ûɱҶ棬ǽ°ڤȡ
ڣǼ鼴
ĽԨǾ仰ħһҶĶϻصֻһɲ׹ߣ䡣
ԣһʼ֪ǻŮ֮壬֮޷ǾΪ˵Ǻ󣬺ƭ˫ޣΪ
һ֪ġҶʶҡͷ
ԸţǱоġ
ŸոշҪõġ
Ǵħͷƽն̬ȣҽȻͬǲѷԾˣĽԨʵ
ҶʱȴûĻã֮УľǱһֻεĴֽ߬סʹԣ 
ĽԨʧǵģȵͽ㰮Ǹħͷˣ
ҶãȻ̧һۣ૵ǰҰˡ
˵գԤ׵׹
ĽԨûаϧ֮ģĮħͷûĵģȴǿЦ
ʱҶȻ̧ͷԵЩ񣬡ʲôʸ˵
ĽԨЦΪûʸ˵һħͷ
Ҷض黹Ǽ⣬٣ı㣬ʼնֻǽҵһҰݣ
㻹ҵıĽԨӣҶڶһžɫֻҪһ뵽һѶֶ֮£;
ҶҰݣ͸նݳģ
˭Ҫıޣ㲻õңж㣬Ҿжģ
Ҷ޺޵صӽҲͽҲҵʦʦͽԵڴˣ
˵ʲôĽԨ۵ӿɭɭâʾʱŭ
Ȼһ뽫ҶʦţȴҶ浥Ͼʦͽϵʦģδ棡
ңȻ˵öģ
Ѿ˼ֶõöļˣ
б£˵һ顣һŭ
Ҷʱңܲˣ˵ҾöģھͶϾʦͽϵ
Ҷ棬֮ʦͽϵֻҪˣԶϾˡĽԨ֣ƣҪҶǡ 
ʱȻ
ĽԨڹ⣬ˡ
Ҷԭŵ͵ظչˡ
й⣬ĽԨЦȻ㣬ĻŮ֮壬ԣҪ
ҧڡŮ֮塱ĸϡ
ҶһʹеĹҲ˲ 
ĽԨͷ˵
ȴû뿪ֵĽԨǺһòŮһģ˵ǲˣɱŮӡ
ԣĽԨ˲ɫһ䣬ץҶⱼȥ
ڤ⡣
һʤѩҶڲԶһô¡
Ҷ濴ųĿڷ·˺һ㣬ʹۿͣᡣ 


47


Ҷͨ, ɫҲűЩˡ
ˡĽԨĵ档
ĽԨҲ˿ʾ, ȰѶˡ
ֻѶ, ܰġ
δħͷΪ˾ȻҶ, ѶѶضܿ˭ˡ
˵ǿ˾, ԭҵ˿̶ֹ, ŵʮѹ֡
Ҷ΢, ûٿ 
ȥҶѵ 
, Ҷ˲絶, ŵؿŵĳʦ, ҪȥҶ
вѵĿԣǣôѵĿԣҲܺĽ͵ħͷа
ѵ֪ħͷжôĺɥĲͲİΣ
Ѷ, ģֻȨ֮ƣڤȴһӣʱΪʦ취ġ
ҶĿؿų, ʦҸħͷ, 
Ҷ飬֮ǰ֪ĽԨﴩ˵ʱ͸¶ҶǻŮ֮飬ȴҶ
Ѿ޴жϣôΪ֪ĻŮ֮塣
תҶѣüѶһЩ˵ŲΪʦţ
ҲҪ¡ҶѿҡͷֻҪʦߣʦ㣬ҡ
ҶѶԳѵģĽԨʹļףѶǸħͷôִԲҲʦѶһ㣡
ĻϲĴħͷҪҺʦĸ飡ҶŭĿĽԨ
ذγ彣Ľкϸ۵ľ
ҶѾؿųҲҪħͷߣʦǰ߰벽ڴˣ
ѶĽԨһҶڳ嶯֮أǧɵ£Ȱѽ£㲻ùΪʦˣΪʦ̾ͷҶ棡
ζع˹ĽԨҶѵĸ飬Ϊ˲ֹһ㣬ˣĸϷ͸ˡ
Ϊȥܼļ裬ǲ뻢ڡĽԨҶĶߵ˵գĺ͵һ
Ҷ˱㱻˳ȥһֻߵķݡ
أ𣬽Ҷڰսס
Ϥ÷ǻҶͷɬȦɵֺˡ
С۸ˣﱧҶأȻģһĶʱ
Ҷ̧ĿȻֹ
һݣǵ֣ؿ۸ˣ
Ҷ΢΢ҡһͷһԲ
ȻȥץסС֣С£ȥٺúø˵ţ
ҶջغڲĽҶ֣Ｕ޵üҪð
ֻۣĽԨȻԭ߾һֱϡ
ҶкȻӿһĸоǸħͷʱЩϤ
ҡҡͷӵĻƵ뷨
ǸħͷʦҲţʦǸħͷ
ѶΪʦߡҶѿĽԨĵض
Ҷһûдת׷ѾԶĳҶ档
ĽԨӰԶȥʹر
*
ڡ
һصϼ㽫Ҷӵ˻УСңĽԨ°ڤȺ󣬷ʲô
ûʲôҺϾʦͽϵˡҶҡҡͷеֻۣúϢһ¡ 
ĺң֪ô̬ȥԳ
ֱǲ֪ǻŮ֮壬ûȥĴ
ȻᱧϼȥȥҷϢ
ΪʲôҪȥ㷿Ҷɻʵ
ڲһסϼȻұʰһҸڷԺסڽҲεٷһΡ
Ҷ˫ֹסļ̌ȻʵΪʲôҪң
ԣüһۣСʲô⣿Լѵ֪𰸣ţ
ҶǻŮ֮壬պ˫ޣΪҶ˶٣ΪʲôԸȥĽԨң
ͣ½ŲؿСҲϲǰŮˣҶǲǻŮ֮壬ҶʲôҪô
Ҷ΢΢ü͸ŵǣǣĽԨõҶѣ˫ޣܿͻΪѹ㣬ʱĴͺܼˡ
һġﲻΪȻع˹С죬ֻҪԹԴߣʲôҲ¡
šҶͷȻֵԵĺǰұʦʱ㣬ûбʦţҲ㡣
Цԣעǡ
Ļ͵ضס
ʦźһ顣
ҶϵѪɫһȥؿ˲Ȼʲô֪Ҳ֪ҲĻŮ֮Բԣ


48

С, ˵ʲô΢΢ü¶һ˿ɻ󣬡֪ҶǻŮ֮, ˵ĻŮ֮, ô£
Ҷؿ, װȥ˼ô
ȷʵѾ޴ӵ, Ĭˡ 
ҶӲ
Խ, С, ôҲ֪Щһ飿
ĽԨҵ, ˵, ҲżȻܿҲǡ
΢΢, ϵûǡ
ҶһʹˣȦ, ˵ҲãƴһҲҪ뿪㡣
εؿС, ж㲻ã
ҺôˣΪҵӣҶЩִĿԵĶҺ, ԸҪ
ĻŮ֮壬ҶѣôڱڻˣҶѣ
ֻҪһ뵽Ҷ͸еĻ䡣
С̹ףҸտʼȷʵֻõˣǣϲˡǰס֡
δйĸܣÿ춼ЦãίᣬĻۣõĶǰ
еĶֻ
Ҷ񱻲մһ˦֣Ѿˣ
üһ۱˦֣һİĽеһӿͷСҪŻҶģ
ҶҡͷҲĹˡ
Ȼ뵽ԭôĽԨ£ܱպŷ˹ϵɼԻĵıжôһ  
ɵ޿ɾҩ֪ѪĴħͷ֪ϲŪģȻǻͷԵһͷԽȥˣ
Ҷ⣬óͷĽԽԽأ΢΢üСﲻ˵ĵطǻؽ˵
ʲô˵ģҶ濴ڽع˹ôʱ벻ôƭôȵ˽ٰƭת
̾ϢĲˣ
Ļ̫ˣľ棬ľǼ٣Ҹûа취жϡҶƽԣѡһҲš
üģСʱٲԵȥҡ
ȥҶնشĻ
ؿŵһλᣬǵʱȻңҿԷģһߣ㡣
Ҷҧ´ƺԥ
С㲻ô顣ɤȥһλᣬҲǸԼһλᣬòã
ܾĻѾҶߣɳĬ˰Σջǵ˵ͷãҵ뿴㻹ʲô
һˣһΡ
ԸҪƭ
-
ʱ 
ٲԵ¹£ӰӰ´¡
ϰϰҹҶĦɳɳ졣 
Ҷ浽ʱ򣬳Ѿ֪ˣ޳ӰԵмּȡ 
СˡҶ棬βż繵Ц
Ҷ㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ
߽Сĵϲ㣬ԺǻŮ֮壬ҲһӶõģް黰
Ҷ治Ϊؿ
С˺ôɤᣬһʼȷǴˣԭһΡ
ȫҪ˵ˣǣ
Ҷĵ˵ʧЦһתߡ
￴ıӰлһĨâС˵Ҷ㲻ãҾǰ
ҶסŲȴûлͷֻĮصھ
Ƭ̺͵͵һá
ţʶҶͷ͵һʶת
ֻѾʣʱڰУǱĽ˵â
С￴ȻĲң
ɫЩˣҶ治ٱԻ΢΢ܿߣĳҲš
ĻǰԾһ˱ԭĵģ
Сܲٿһۡƣ͸żֿ
ҶָҪ㣡
Ȼ빥ߣмƣ 
СĺúݵġЦЦ漴ڰյȻˡ
Ҷеؿȥһ˲͵˫ͫӳƣƴӣӳԵʯٶȳλá
ؿûĿڣٴɳ
ˡһҶĴһƬհףǰ·˲侲ֹˡ
͵ضһ£һʺѪȻ󻺻صȥ 
ҶȥڷƭҶԲԣ쵰һƭң
ϴһװƭѹƭᣬϲƭˣ
ֻϣƭһΡ 
ǣһΣۿλôʱȺѪشĿѩ׵½ȫȾˡ
̧İŮϵѪɫڿʧϢ΢С㡭šô
㣬㣡Ҷ絶ֱӿ㣬㲻׼
Цˣ̧֣ȥСҡҰ㡣
ǣ԰׵ֲΡΡ̧գȴҲϰ֡
ҶϽץס֣۵գҲ㣬Ҳ㣡
лҪ˵Ԥġֳң飩
ȤĿղһ£ʦⱾд˾ͻдֳⱾ
İ
òʢ
ʦ˵Ǽ֮δᵱʺ
ǺȻһ죬䷢ԼʵһڻŮ䣬µ۴ĵգֳ͢췴ˡ
ջʺûɣֳһϲĴϡ
ôҲû뵽ǸƽոֳɥĲĴɡ
ֳֹڻ֪͢ˣ˳ص˵λ
ҹ
ٱµ۽۵ǣһ˫һ繲࣬ȵϢĶϡ
䣬ҵĻʺ󡣡
#˵ӣһ#
#Ҫģֻ#
Ķָϣ
1V1HE
СXƫִĻ
ŮûѪԵϵ
лͶڵСʹPromise 1
лӪҺСʹͩҹ߸ 1ƿ

49

βȾϵЦ, С޺ˡ
ԽԽҶҲ·׹, ߬, Ҳ
ֻǾؿ, в˶Ͳᡣ
ôôɵΪʲôҪҶѹֲסؿ޳, , Ҹô죿Ҫô죡
ں޲, Լ֮ǰΪʲôҪ˵ô̱Ļ, ԼΪʲôҪȥ, 
һ̽Լ, һ 
ˣպҸɾѾѣ֧, ϧȢˡ
ҶʹÿҪϢ涵ҡͷҲҪ, ֻҪ㡭
ԣ･ƺ˲һ˿⣬ؿ, С롭޸ң
ҶصͷʵֻҪúûţҾͼ޸㣡ӦңҪòãء㲻Ҫ
СҲȥȥ١ٲá۵ȼ棬Ϣȴ΢üҪˡ
ٲãĻȻҶ档
ˣٲþ⸽
½ҽֻشһԾȻسģ 
һģסھʹȥҳ
Ҷ澫𣬼æѳһֻ޳ֱ۴ļϣסĺ󱳣ӵϷ
ߴ󣬵ԭϾҲΪģҶŷҲ̫ڳ 
ңȻѾһϢȴƺδȫѹ
ƬֵٲòյĹ򣬿Ҷ߹Զһ·
䣬ܲĺֻѪѣʯϵ
һ·ϣҶ治ͣظ˵ǲӦֱѡ
ʶһԣҲѲˡ
ڣٲõĴųڡ
ҶųЩĵ߽ٲá
½ҽÿ춼ϰҽҹ
ʱҲû˯  
ҶŻѪĳʱ½۾
Լۻʱѣæȥæס
ڡôˣ
ųǰѾѪ͸ѣ½ͻȻȻһĪǡڤ̵Ĵħͷˣ
Ǵħͷϻ˭£ܰ˳ӣ 
ҺҪˣҶ˵գѾ
㺦½һ㵵ؿҶ棬ҲϸʣϽȽ˴ϡ
Ҷ治ҿǰŴһ˲˲ضų½ֹѪıӰ޷Կصš
ﱻһĵ龰ϵԺлطţ죬ȫ亹
ĺ»ʧȥ
ԭĳﱻ̴λĿڴ½Ѿ߰˷֣ǣﴦ˿ڵʱȴ֡
½ӽʱһң࡭
ʱԭ˫ĿյĳȻۣ絶һɨ˳½һۡ
½ӱһסҪ˵Ļһʱ˺ 
˫ζԲȻ±  
½ӱҶ棬õסߣҶ沢δһֱţæʵô㷽˵ʦô
½ӰĨһѺСص࡭ȻǿƲأúһʱˡ
λ볣˵Ĳһ˵೤࣬ȴҲ࣬ʶβûб˵Ҫ񾯸˵ȻǲҶ͸¶һ֡
½ɻһҶ棬֪ΪҪСѾͷ
ģûΣ𣿡ҶЩţϾµıۿ͸˳࡭
½ӵ˵ͷƶѾͷͷİɣǼ࣬㲻̫ˡ
½ҽ˵õʮа/Ĳõˡ
Ҷʱϲǰȥץס֣ʦûУ˵ûµġ
ƺۣ԰ףȴǼؿƮƮģţûµġ
˵գֳ˫
ҶĴ𣬷ϲЦȴ
ѾͷȥɣϢ½һ˵
ҶҡͷһСʹڴߣҲȥҾ
ʧãֻ뾲ؿ
½ֻԥһ£ʵô£ѾͷΪʲô˵ģ
Ҷһ뵽ﱻһĵ龰Ȧɵֺˣ̫ˣҡ
޹ءȻȴǶԳ½˵ģȥ
ʱʮȴȻ͸Ųݿܵ
½
úϢֿҶ棬Ѿͷҽ˯ڸڷʲôҪһ
Ҷͷмѣлл㣬
ҵı֡½˵գˡ
Ҷתֻ˫գƺ˯ȥˡ
ػ֡
ûۣȴеӦһ
Ҷ㣬۽üҸЦ⣬˵һգգؿ
ҹ˾ҡҷҶ潥е֪ʱſڴ˯ˡ

ڶգҶۣһӦȥȴ֪ʱѵģβЦؿ
ĿָһЩѪɫҶпο࣬΢΢һЦʵúһЩô
С˶ѣ¡Ƶ
Ҷü𣬵Сˣ㶼ûˣ
ס֣СΪ㣬һúûŵġ
Ҷɫ΢죬ͻȻ뵽ʲôˣ㻹úҩģȥҩ
ȥСŮõҩ
ҩˡһڵҩڴ¡
￴һǺںɫҩ֭ҡͷ࣬Ҳȡ
Ҷ۽һգҩʱϵġ
ôУ
ЦЦؿСιҺȡ
áҶ˵ͷҨ˰ףش˴Ȼ͵Ĵߡ
΢΢Сιġ
ôιҶѿʵ漴Ⱦż˫նʱһƬߺ졣
лҪ˵
лͶ׵СʹPromise 20zoeMichi 1
лӪҺСʹɽ 2ƿoutlier 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

50

Ҷ˼, ι
ϴΣιҩ
ߵô֪, ¿࡭ 
ֻιһڡץС, ؿ, Сȸҳͷ, ʣµҩԼ, ţ
Ҷֻø, ֲС, ôҩ˺壿
΢΢, 壬ԸСӡ
Ҷ, ûоֻܾҡһûϴȥϴ
˵գվ, Ҵҵسȥˡ
ϴ꣬ҪιҩҶϾֱȡ
سһյҩ, Žȥˡ
ҩôҶҩ룬Ҫȥһ¡
ס, ͵͵ЦЦСֲңֻιҺҩѣš
ԣֻιҩѣֲҪҶڴ£һȻͨͨ÷ɿ졣
ҩ룬ŵǹ˱ǵɬζüϢһСڡ
ѿɬҩ֭ڿУҶ治ҿ۾ֻıȻشսո΢Ĵ
΢΢һ 
ҶԼĴεطסĴɬඥ/Ĵݣҩ֭ĿС
ɣ˳ĴȴȻסĺԣ·
ҶԲ˫ʶţȴС˴
ƺһ΢΢üƺҶһ¼Ϊʹ
ҶһĿڷۣٶ
۵һĨζɫסۻ˱ǡ
ľŨŨİ⣬ӶУҲԼж
ҶĿأܲǹɿɬҩζһ˿

֪˶ãڷſѾһˮŮ
ǰɤƵСʲôʱ޸ң
Ҷճ죬΢΢ţƬ̺ŵ¸²żǡ
ҵȲҵˡ
֣ζųأҶĵײð˿˿ۡ 
繵ؿСһ
ԺǳףȻ㡣
ھС
Բ˳ҶЩߣҩˣϽҩ
ҵҩסҶ°ͣٴ˹ȥ
׵ѷ֮ʱͻȻ˴ƿ
ʦҶѵȻסվſڣʧǵؿ罺ˡ
еʳСѵڵϣˮһء
Ҷ֮оѣɫƿ
±ϣﲻüҶѡ
Ҷѵɫһ˲ò԰ף˵ʲôȴʲôҲ˵
£ЩǴٲҩģ˳½ӡ
½Ӹ˵СˣڰٲӦѾˣ˳ЩС˹
һʦȻˣҶļ٣̴ҴҸϹ
ȴôҲû뵽ῴһĻ
ˣűŮˣǵô࣬ô顭
ҶͻȻе㻳ɣпԵ
ʲôĿԣҪȥҶ棿
ԼҶ棬ѵͷȥ
޷ԼûסҶջˣ
ҶѵڵҶһֻרŹ˵ĺ꾫
ضҶ汻ǵ΢΢׵Ĵ꣬Ǻ⡣
ݺݵҶһۣҶʲôҲû˵ͷ˳ȥ
СǼδؿҶ档
ĸôҲ 
Ҷվǰٲãģײ˶Ϊ顭
ﹴȣھͻؽӣţ
ҶЩ˳ˣôƵġ
ûдתߣȥʰһ¡
δ˵꣬˴ҶԾؿųδȻ˿Ҫѿˣ
ްﱧҶȥҼ¾Ȭˡ
-
¸
ҶѺƣʱѾЩˡ
ĽԨ׼ƣҲĴȡ
ڣʦѾˡ
˵ƽȴԽԽգѾ̳һˤܵ˽ӡ
ӵ԰ҶѼ·Ż
һʱʱϴι
ҶʱֳشʹҶѵģǰʦм仰뵥˵
ǲСüΪʦǺ㵥ദС׵ġ
Ҷѵָ֮УҶ棬Ŭͷļޣ㣬ҿԺʦ˵仰𣿡
Ҷ濴˳һۣЩˣȥϢһ£İɡ
̧ͷˣǱȥЪŰɡ
ҶߺҶѳճյؿų˲ӿ
ʦ㵽ʲôԣԸ˵ұ֤˵ȥҲκμƻġ
滨ģĸ˿˶ϧ̧ȴûаϧ֮ġ
ԣҸ˵п𣿡
Ҷһ£ǣʦ˵֮ԶĮΪвѵĿԡ
Ŷģǿһ˵ˣԼǵˣҲϡ
ҶѴ㵣ʦʲôλã
Ҫʲôλã￴ǹڽĻȡ
ȫС 
ҶѴĮĻ·Ԥеʲô㡭ǲѾϲҶˣ
ܻ䣬ǡ
ȻıˡҶƺǳܲסӻһ£ʦǻŮ֮ԺҪȢΪ޵ģΪʲôҪҶԻ󡭡
ΪҪȢΪޣü
ҶѵҪΪȢΪޣ˫ޣ
Ҫ˫޻ôмϷʣԸ⣬Կҵ檡
檣Ҷɫٿطף檡ֱ֣
ţޱʦ˵٬Ļ 
ҪڣʱֵֻϧԸ⣬ҲԸ⣬㣬Ҿöġ
ʵ֮ǰҶѷʲôĽԨһ£ϧҶʵ᲻Ȥ
С͸ܻҶˡ
Ҷ˴һ£·𲻸ԼĻ㡭˵ʲô
ʦ˵ģȻ˵ġ
ǲҶǸС˯ˣ
ҶＵһ賤һʦŻᱻǸС˹ס˻꣬ǻŮ֮壬ȻҲҲû
ԣ΢΢УضסҶѵľһǧСˣ˵˭
ʦҶĿ֣ѣɫѸǺ죬Ѿ˵
ɱһɣڵϡ
ҪãѾšĲӡ
лҪ˵
лӪҺСʹСQ 1ƿ

51

Ҷ̱ڵ, ŵ̧ͷų
ֻҶһСˡʦɱ
Ȼˡ
ѾıҶǡ
, մͷβһֱûԳơΪʦ, ѵ, Ѿͽô
ҶѱȻһ, ͵ؿȳһѪ
˺Ȼ, ǿȳѪȴʺ, ˿˿Ƶĺɫ
ôҡжˣҶʱɫ䡣
￴һǺɫѪ, Ц, ѶǺģЩӶзΪʦľ鵤
̬ȺȻת, ҶѲЩԻ󣬡֮ԿȺɫѪǷ˾鵤Եʣ
΢΢ף鵤ϴ, Ѫ֮е֮ӰʱɾΪͻͽ
˵ɷн, ҶͷȴأӲ֪鵤ϴЧȴʲôҲû˵
Ӹµؿ, ۵мɭЦ⡣
֪Ѿģôأ಻Ѿ޹ؽҪˡ
-
ص¸Ҷѽճľ鵤ó
ƿ鵤ÿնзãڻʣ¼
һž鵤ϸţͷԽԽء
ʦôҶ棬ôܻôϡľ鵤أ
Դӷ鵤㿪ʼԾˣҹ£ʳʱĻ̣ͷǴѴѵص䡣
ԭΪԼ̫صµģֱտȳɫѪźȻʶ鲻򵥡
ֻ鵤ʲôΣ뵽ˣҶһæ鵤ŽҴҸٲãֱȥҳ½ӡ
ҿЩҩǾ鵤𣿡Ҷóװž鵤İ״ƿݸ½ӡ
鵤Һû˵˾鵤½һ˵һߴӰ״ƿһҩڱţ漴ü
ҶѼ״ʱŵסôǲǾ鵤
һ¡½ӲȷϣæȼԵһյƣֽǴɫĵҩָ˷ĩȼյϡ
ֻĩպ󣬾Ϊһƺɫ
½ӵһʲôĵҩպ󶼻ữΪ׻ңǰĵҩȻаĺϡ
Ѿͷڤ̵֮ڤģһҶѡ
ڤҶɫһƬȻȷڤ𣿡
ȻҲŹڤģڤڤ̵רҩҩɽ⡣
½ӵͷڤû
Ҷѵһ³ڤ֮ʲô֢״
жʮ֮ڣжߵϻὥߣһãʴƤ⣬ǣգж߻ö
Ҷѻæӣֻϣмߡ
⼸߲ʹȷǱó涣ҧγɵġ
½ҲƼˣҲ˲ŮбץҶѵֱۣϸ鿴ĺߡ
ȷǺ߾Ƕߺʱɫ䣬ʵô£ڤĶ
ҶѴ˿Ѿֽڤ֮ҩɽôҽô߳Ҳûа취𣿡
ڤ֮оʮ꣬ʼƲҩ½ΪҡͷѾͷôڤĶƿҩαװɾ鵤˭˸ģ
Ҷ۾ⵤҩǡǡ
ػ°ڤʱħͷ˵Щ
ѶڵǸĽԨǼٵģҲʦ
ܵģ˵ڵʦǼٵģڤ̵Ǹħͷ֪ǻŮ֮壬ΪΪȻòǣΪʲôģҩɽĶ
ʦ͸ܸ¶ˣ
Ҷ˾޴Ļֲ̿Уȫ벻ͨͼ
Ѫɫ½ȰοѾͷĿǰҲҪ̫ǣͰжһ¸֪˵а취ġ 
ҶȴæҡͷҪȲҪʦ˵£
Ϊʲô½ɻüѾͷеĶͬСɣϲãϵԽãԽʱθǻ췦ˡ
Ҷаȴҡͷұܣе飬ԭڲܸ㡣
ʦ˵ǴħͷµĶǴʱųȥֻͻûˡ
뵽ձסʺʱǱͲ
֪Ѿ֪Լж顣
¹ش󣬲ôУ½ɫء
Լ֪ôֻǧҪʦ󶾷ҲġҶ˵գڳ½ǰ£ֱ
ͲסĿ󣬳½ӷ̾һðɣԼúÿǿǣգպҲҪ¸֪Ͼڤڣ˵ħ̵˻˽пдı𡣡 
֪֪صġҶѻجصͷʧǵ뿪˰ٲá
-
Ҷ뿪ٲú󣬲ûл¸󣬶ȥڤȡ
վڹ⣬Ҫ
˳·󣬴һôԣ߳һλʤѩӡ
Ҷһ߽ڤȣĴǹĨĻȡ
лҪ˵
лͶ׵СʹҶ 1
лӪҺСʹLE 6ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

52

Ҷ߽ڤȡ
ְ彣, һ·ȫ䱸ȷԼεľѰ·뻢ڡ
, Ѿѡˡ
ԼһĹ, Ҷڱ쵽һƻֺĴڡ
ʱ, տĴڣĽԨڱ, ·, ˫ֽԱ
һĻ, 欵Ů, ŤߵĽԨǰ, Ƥ񣬡, ڵļϸڹǱգڱ¶ִá
ħͷ, úŵһ˰ͦأĽԨŭ
һҲ˿壬ĽԨŭĿӣԹаʤڤ̳Ҫ
Ҷѿ˵ıӰϤ, ʱһ̾ϳˣǶڵĵ, һɽ
ѹ£һֱûڼǣԭǱڤ˰׮
ĽԨŹڵϵˣٳûж
ôˣ欵Ůһ˫ۺɵضĽԨ޵ıǼϸȴǶ֮ģ
ĽԨ߽򣬲е˫ֽճȭԽԽ
ǰ˶ڵĵӣðմڤΪ̽ϢҪִǣµȥ֣
ˣȫϴħͷĺ磬Ȼ˻ɡ
ڤŷǿʳְλ֮µ˸Խ֮λ񣬵ֳһ㲻Ծܾܿͻɱ֮
ȻΪԸЩ˻ģҶѣħ̵ڶ֮С  
ħͷҪɱɱҪбУҾİ֣
ڵԽǿĽԨԽǸеѡ
ŮӿĽԨֶ˼̽
ĽԨе˫ȭɿڳϸðɡ
ɱͬţ
̫ˡлŮӽεεЦϲĥϸˡ
ԣĽԨɫһݣһ˦ѷĽУֱϮڵϵӡ
ӦѾϮĿڣض 
ĽԨƽһ㣬ﾹһ
ܻĥʹһ㣬Ϊģ
ͬת˲ҶľĽԨ۵мãȻ
ĶڵֵˣĻʦ
ǡ¶ɻ󣬲˵˽ãôͻȻˣ
ĽԨҲֵͣȥɡ
أǸ߿ιأʵ赭д·̸ۼҳ㷹 
ħ֮ˣȻ̣
ĽԨе˫ȭٶսǿѹסͷʢŭһһٵ⡣
˽ʬȥһתƼվűߵҶѡ
ĽԨ֮ͽҶѣصġ
ŶζҶϴţ֮׵ıͽˡ˼
ʱĽԨҲɨҶѣŵעϣһʱûע⵽
ĽԨɫһңǶȥɡ
СԶţɵС˼ơҶѣڴЦҶջ㡭˰ɡ
Ҷѷ֬ʤѩòǧһģǻɫ֮ϣԸ
˵գĽԨ˸ֵۣŤˮˡ
ŮӣҶɫʱ̫ÿ
ΪŮӣǰҲţڤ̵󻤷óϲӵܣԲߣֲסջ󣬾ͻȦ֮С
ţԴħͷзǷ֮룬ֻϧһֱûħͷۡ
һŮŮʵǷɧҶбġ
ĽԨҶ˺ŴӱߵҶѵǰ
Ѷ
Ҷһؿ㡭˭
ĽԨѶʦ
ҶЩŰɣʦ
㻹ǲΪʦĽԨ̾һѶңѵΪѾǸ˵ĲԾ𣿡
ҶѵͷæҡҡͷӺҺң֪ò㡣
ʵѾǣ껥˵ʵ̫˼ˡ
ĽԨĬƬ̣ѶΪʦԿˡȸһ֥Сĺ룬Ϊʦ˵öԲԣ 
ԣҶѻһߵɫͨ죬۾㡭㾹Ȼ֪ô֪ģ
˽ܵ飬ԼʦҲ֪ģ
ĽԨ˫ְס˫磬ؿѶΪʦ˵ǺѾΪޣ˼֮ףΪʦȻ֪ġ
ҶѴʱڳʵʦʦ
ѶĽԨӵ뻳С 
ҶȦˣʦжˡ
жĽԨһæʵʲô
ڤ
ĽԨɫһ䣬ôǴħͷµĶ
ҶѵͷΪħͷҵǾ鵤ÿ춼зãҽȳѪҲߣҲ϶˵ˣνľ鵤ʵڤ
˵ţӣĽԨֱۡ
ĽԨѩϵĺߣһʱ׹˹ȵףڤ
ʦҸô죿ҶкᣬؿĽԨڵڤ̵ûпҵõҩ
ĽԨᣬʹѣȴҲֻҡͷڤĲϸӶֻдħͷԼ֪Ҫڲ֪ԭϵƳҩ졣
ҶѾô˵ֻȥǸħͷˣ
ĽԨħͷûֱҪǸԶͼı
ѵֻܵôҶֱʦҲ
ңȫöôҵԸھ˶ϣ٣ϡ
ΪʦһġĽԨѶڤȣΪʦ취ܲⶾ
һ£ʵûа취ΪʦԳȥǴħͷ棬ʲôΪʦõҩ㣬赣ġ
ʦҲãЩ㣬Ͳ䵽־ˡ
ҶԽԽڣôôϣʦʹħͷֲ塣
ĽԨĺ󱳣ѶҪֻܹǴħͷ̫սթ
Ҷ̧ͷֻ°ˣɫʮְϸ壬ñŮӵļǳɫͫ繶飬е
ͻȻħͷһֱߣδ˼ݣʦժҿħͷ׳ʲôӡ
˵ţֹȥҪժĽԨϵߡ
ĽԨȴ֣ЩƮħͷݳªѶ۾
ò磬ˣԼİŮ˱ȥ
ҶΪ棬͵˻Ȼ٣ħͷĺòȻҲǳª
ĽԨЩȻصͷѶ˵ǡ
лҪ˵
лͶڵСʹ 3
лӪҺСʹ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

53

ʦ, ϧǸƤұħͷռˣ֪ԺܻܲȥҶѷ߷ߵصǻȥ, ǱǸħͷ
ĽԨԴҲķ, ΪʦҲ֪ܸܲλ
ڤȵЩ, ͸ˣѪȺ
λϵǴħͷ, һֱܲ
Խǰ, ԽǸеơ
·𱩷֮ǰƽ, Ǵħͷôر, Ŵı
Ҷ¸¾Ҫˡʱ, ħͷ¾Ҫʼ˷ˡ
ʱҶѺȻ뵽ʲô, ʵʦȻô϶֪ħͷʲô³𣿡
ĽԨͷ, ˡ
ôģ
ĽԨĬƬ̣ŵǡ
˳Ǳ˿ƭµϣͬھʵʵҲͬ˿, ħͷȷ޿⡣
ΪʲôǣҶһʦ編, Ѵħͷ
ĽԨҡͷħͷҲ֪Լ֮ǰ³һΣصˡ
ҶأôˣҶʵ
ħͷǱΪ飬ΪʦѺ
ҶһֺʹħͷϣҪ·ˡ
ĽԨѶ̫ã㺦ԼѾ;ˣٶ֮ġ
Ҷѵͷ׵ģȻѡʹħͷۣͬҾѾٽҵĽ㣬Ҷѵĵˡ
Ȼ֪Ҷһε³Σһ뵽֮ǰǱڰյҶѵ;ʹࡣ 
ĽԨοٺòΪʦΪġ
ʦİɣҲΪģֻס
ĽԨ΢΢ףѶĿǰȲҪ̫࣬úϢΪʦȥƽҩ
š
-
ӡ
ҶѾסϼˣǰᵽ˳ڵķ䡣
ʱҶոԡ꣬ڴøɽʪͷ 
¡
Ҷ΢΢һЦеĸɽ
ӹʼͷ 
ԵķˮȻ׹䣬˳ѩ׵񾱻С
ɵñ뵽˺סջСչֵ컴⣬΢΢һС⼸ûˣ±ô
Ҷüؿֲʦˣܵôࡣ
ԣҲʦһסյĶߣķ
Ҷ治ļС¹ײߵһۣ㲻Ҫ
ûýȢûаݹأԳķƤǹġ 
￴Ŀ飬Сʲôʱ޸ҡ
ϴβʹôҶЩΣ¸²żأҼǺ󣬳׵ᡣ
ԹСǶ꣬ÿ춼ܼ尾
ôļ𣿡ҶúЦ
ȻҲڴΪޣرȲ
§ɤƣ֪ôÿҶʹˡ
ʹˣҶһ£æеʵʹˣôʹأ
΢΢ü漴ĶС֪ô
ʪȵϢҶ治ɲһ£˲ӽ
ｫƣϡ
˵ĺ˲һȾ˼а֪ʹô
Եı仯Ҷ˲һ÷ɿ죬㡭춼Щʲôѽ  
㡣ζĿ󣬡С̫ˣһҶܲˡ
ҶһѣԶһ㲻ͺˡ
֪˻ϻ𣬻
׽ס˫֣ɤԶˣҸܡ
ǡô죿
һ£΢⡣⻬䵽̺Ĵϣ˵ձȥ
 
ǣҶн֣аֻ⣬ԽԽˣԭ壬Ѿûȡ
һĥǿʼ˳񾱣£µϢԽԽȡ
ۼҪʧأҶѹҪʱȴȻ
С˯ɡӿİɫѹţǵʾ˿̵̡
˵գ뿪ˡ
Ҷڸڻˮ
Ҷ汧ϥڴУϵĳδɢ뵽﷽ŵòĵӿ⣬ȴĪڴտ㵽 
-
պ 
ŵƽʣ˿ٳ
͵ĳɽų˼أССɶǰ٣쳣֡
ϵڽ԰
Ҷ潫ڽի͸˿
˿˲ѣֱ¡
ϯϣҶһ
һһ𣬵ݵҶǰСһ
ҶһӰҺ
ʲôսˣ㼸ڶֲ㡣
ԣҶʱͷæܣΧ鶼û쳣ŵ˳һۣѹ֪Լ˵ʲôҲ±
νع˹˱ˣǸ̼
㡭ҶһʱԶԣֱӣٴ
ϯ䣬ıͣ˿׳
һ֪ʲôʯƵķתʣĿֻǶͷĺҲ˳ɡ
Ҷ濴ĿתʵСϲô
ϲҶʶص˵ͷ
ͻȻվǣߵ˿ǰĸףɷ֧һۡ
Ԩ쿴֧Ưˣġ˿ЦŽݸ
õȴתҶ棬ķ
֧Ϊʵʵ棬СֱǾ䡣
˿ԼĶӣ΢΢һüʲô˼
С֧ˡ
˿ûоͬ⣬ֱ͸Ҷˣ
ڳıʱɫЩŹֵ 
ΣҶҲǻڣԳ̫ðɡ
ֱҪȴﰴס
кβã˵㣬ˡﲻǺηӦҶصλϡ
˿ĵײʹ죬ȴֻǿһĨЦݣԲԨ۹ѾͷŲʵǼÿġ 
ڳıͷ߷߶ʱͣϯҲ̲ס˽ġ 
˿ɫ̫á 
-
ҹ
ɢһڽָƽ
˿ϯϵЩڻҹȥһ˽ӡ
ԨΪЩҪ˵
΢΢ĸ׵˵޷
˿£Ŀؿϣʵ̫ˣ
￴һۣĵĸ׺γԣ
㾹Ȼ֪Լòԣ˿һʧԨܵô͵棬ΪϲĶ͸Ѿͷ
ϲ֧ʵѾֵôԣȴӶߣת͸һС
бοֻοһ֮֮ף
ԭΪ¡ﲻΪͦϡСϲý
˿õôϡǶϲǲҪȫ͸Ļģ
Ȼɵص˵ͷֻҪСϲʲôǰ
㡭Ϊĺöӣ˿ˣ˼Ҷ˵ȢϱڶûȢͳˣǲҶѾһҪˣ
ҡͷĸ˵ˡ
ԣ˿΢е㰲οȴֲֻ˺䡣
ͲСᲢۡ
ʲô˿ֱԼĶ䣬㡭˵ʲô
ЦЦһһٵ˵㣬ʲô
˿𾪵õɴ۾Ԩ㡭
ĸףдˡͻȻĻ
˿ŭӵģĴǻĨڽĻȣӦýң
лҪ˵
лͶڵСʹ 1
лӪҺСʹҹ߸ 3ƿɽ 2ƿ
˫ϻһ

54



ƮƮ, ȴͬһ˿ϣѪɫضų
ʲô˵ʲô
Ц, ĸǲңǲң
˿۵׽κˡ 
˵˻һϲ￴˿ûһ˿¶, ô, ϲҽ͸, ⣿
˿ڵһ, վ, ֲָų, 㡭Ǹħͷ
û, ĴħͷҲǱصĴħͷ
, ˿ϵӾҲˣ
Ȼأɤ䣬˿͸뵽, ǵռȻͬھܻȻҲ
Ҫң˿ҧ֪Ϊ޻Ϊ, ħͷ㵨߱ĸǴ
ǴǴôһ, ģҲɱģҲˣɱ㷴ѡ 
˿ض㵽ʲôı
ﲻЦ˿㵱ΪĽԨΪɱôҾͰĽԨػٸ㿴
˿һ
뵽Ѿ֪ҶǻŮ֮壬ҶߣپһתЩվȡ
ѵڵİҵҪһȥĽɽ
Ԩأ˿شеҵԨ
ＥڽعŴıӣȻڤħ֮
˿һ㵣ܣԨ֮ôʲôħ֮
ЦЦ֮ҡ
˿ǰƥӣ˷ǸˣоȴѾˡ
ͻȻЩħͷҵԨ
룬㵱ڹµϣô˵Ǿ仰ţ΢΢ü·ڵĻյ龰ˣ˵ǣħͷģΪ
仰ʱһֻ㱸С
ԭΪ˿ģûֻкޡ
ڻҲȻǱݺݵشһ¡
˿۵׵ĺӶڣıҲħͷҵҪǲҲܶµ֣Ϊأ
Ԩƣػĺ֮ͽɱȣ˿ʮ˽ԼĶӣԨħ̣ҲΪħͷ
һ᲻Ϊħͷ˵㡣
ЩֻҺڴٴΪһ죬ҵĸס
˿񲻰ҪȥԨ
ĶΪħͷħ̣ҪߣʱҪ; 
ﲢߣ͡
ٻġ
-
ڤȡ
ĽԨר־ŪŸָҩۡ
ռûкϹۣһֱ취ڤĽҩ
ϧֻͽ޹
ҶߵԣصʦҷϵĺԽԽˡ
֮ǰֱֻԼмϣؿڣȫˡ
˵գæס˼¡
ס󣬽׵ϣȻһ̲Ѫ
̲Ѫϴȳģɫࡣ
Ҷ죬ֵ̿ؿĽԨʦǲʱ޶ˣҺú¡
ĽԨ̲ѪҲôĿģֳܱҶѵĺ󱳣ѶûµģֺߺҪŻῪʼǻʱ䡣
ʦûõģƲҩġҶѺȦҡͷ
ûģԼѾе
ĽԨĬˡ
ǰܴ࣬죬òϣȷʵ޲ˡ
Ҷ̾һĽԨʦһֲʹ࣬˯аȥĶҩңȥԶôᣬò
ĲöˣҲҪһֱػʦС 
Ѷں˵ʲôĽԨЩֻҪһΪʦͲ
Ҷҧҧ´ȻСؿ޳ 
ĽԨԽķңƬ̵ѶˣΪʦھȥǴħͷҪҩ
Ҷס䣬ʦħͷ϶Ϊġ
Ϊʦ֪ĽԨؿǣûʲôܱҪ
ҶѸжʣʦ
ĽԨᣬѶҡ
Ҷѵͷȼϣʦȥء
-
ӡ 
︺ԺУɪɪطѡ
ʱһ޳ӰȻϢس
ﲢûлĵؿڵĽǳأһΪҶȥĵ죬ҵġ
ʲô㿪ɣֻҪڤĽҩĽԨֱӿżɽ
תĽԨŰĨЦЦʵҩûС
ĽԨɫ΢䣬漴Ѿ˵ˣֻҪҩʲô㿪
Ѷ¶ΪҪЮôųûнҩûнҩ¶
ҩҵȷûСﵭнҩ䷽㡣


 55 

Ѷ¶, Ȼٰѽҩ䷽
ĽԨɫΪֻе, ¶ǲѡ 
, թ
㵽ôֱԡĽԨ, ûй㶵Ȧӡ 
ﹴ˹̧һӡ
ֻһɫڰ, Զ˼Ų֡
Ҷ, ѩ, 񼡻, ٲ¶
ҩĵ, ͳʮ֮ࡣ
ת˲Щȫˡ
ǽҩ䷽
ĽԨɫ΢, ЩǸŵ
û΢΢ףڤҩĲϣЩŵ
ˣңĽԨ΢΢
ĵ䷽ѾˣŲ㡣
ĽԨĬƬ, ֱֱضųĿģȥȡЩ
ȡ̫³ˡĽǸѭؾ֮ˣȻɳ¡һ, ǹĨĻȣȻȥЩɵˣ֮, ֮˵ǻҪĶĸԸ˫ַϡ
ĽԨ
ʮҪڣʱڵ˵õЩҩġ
ǣڵħ̵Ĵħͷɶ޲ý֮죬Ըġ
õ䷽ϵЩҩģֻܿӲ
ӲƱػᷢЩţնսģȴҪվڵж棬ḷ́
ĽԨƺ˳⣬뿴ЩŻɱ
ҲóѵġĽԨ˵գȥ
ζЦЦ
ҶߣĽԨôܻܼǰԭ͵أ
Ҫطȴ˻һ

ѭȥǳ½ӡ
ôˣ£ʵ
½߽ͷһʮҪ±㱨
һֱҶж顣 
˿ٳҶѾȻһֱûó½Ӻܲ
ϯȥһ¸ƽźҶѵŮŮ˵նû
½֪æҹҳ
£ﵭʵ
գѾͷҹ㣿
΢΢üûУôˣ
Ǿˣ½ɫأǰȻһƿҩңǲǾ鵤һʲô鵤Ȼħ̵ڤȻ֪ڤĶѾжգֱ϶кˣò˶ã߾Ҫʼá
ǰ飬Ϊڲ˵
½Щ飬ҵʱҪ֪ģֻǲ֪ΪʲôѾͷңǧҪ˵һʱӦաȴһֱûڸǲ֪١
ĵĻ˻ִ򷢵֪ˣȥɡ
½Щؿûʲôָʾ𣿡
аţ£Ͳعˡ
Ѿͷжضڤйأڲ֪٣ҵ׶༪٣ҪҪ
һضǲ䲻ʹˣ˵ʲôû壿ǣһ
½Ӽһæͷ²ҡ
ҶͽȻκ˶żףֵõϹģǼϰҽȥɡ 
½ߺ󣬳ط·Ҷķ䣬ƻţŽȥˡ
Ҷû˯һڴߣͷɢš
Сôˣôû˯ߵԣ̧ͷ
Ҷ̧ʵҶ¶ˣ
ûСʸڷϡ
ҶͳĶԻˡҶü
Сˡҹˣ˯ɡ
Ҷ治ص
۽һֻóϵţҵȷǸ˶
ΪʲôҶüøˣúõģΪʲôҪȥأ
ЦָգĦţҲֻ㡣
ҶͻȻֱס̧ͷһ˫ӯӯĿмֵǣ㲻Ҫ˺òã
ҶŮŰˣǾк³ġ
ڱŵ˹ȵӣŮͷϡϣ󶼲ա
üŻԼϵ֣һɤԽᣬСģѾѽҩ䷽ĽԨˡ
Ҷգգۣģ
Ȼġ
ҶһضԺˡҾͲˡ
áԥشӦ
Ҷɿ֣˯Ҳȥ˯ɡ
ȴӴ§סС˯ǰһ£ҽΣ
Ҷż⣬ĴϷɿһ¡
Ҫ΢סȥ
ԭֻǳֹȴ鲻ԽԽԽ

Ҷ˷Ӧæƿɫߺ죬΢΢Ϣţ㡭ϴˮԡѽ
ĶͷɤƣʲôʱҲϴˮԡţ
Ҳûжˣ㲻ҪôļҶһ˵ţһߺòС
¸³ʮǶʮߣǣҲֻвµʱ䡣
ڸٹʮ죬ͿԵõˡ
С֪ʲôʳ֪ζô￴ɫӿѾζ֪ж꣬ʴǣÿ㡭
ԣҶкȻеƣؿ㡭һֱǴΣ
ôˣɤÿ̬ڻȻѪȡ
Խ˵ҶԽζƿüƺЩգҪ˯ˣ߰ɣ
ôˣסüۼ䶼Ǵ⣬ɵЩεЦЦСԼĴҲҪԣţ˯㣬û˯Ůˡ
Ҷҧס´㾭ģûо˵ǾǱŮˡ
һļźԭйһȵļڻζԭһΡ
ȻҶŬȥ⣬ȴƫƫҪǰ𣬼ֱһܣ
޶ԣԽǰԽϣĵһ鶯ġ
ǣͱŮˣ
СǾ㡣ﲻΪξᣬûܿҪˣҹɽ㣬ôǱŮأ
Ҷ޷Լƣ΢˵ˡ
СֻҪ㡣ľѣز˲䡣
ҶĽ뵽֪ʵ飬Ҳܹ
Ƭ̺ӦҲֻҪ㡣
-
ĽԨڻصڤȡ
ʦˡҶϣӭȥڤĽҩõ𣿡
ĽԨҡͷûõ
ҶѶһ£ĹʱȥҾ֪
ĽԨĿģæֳǣΪʦѾõҩ䷽ˡ
ģҶ漴Ѹٵȼϣ֮𣬡ôõ䷽
ħͷġ
Ȼϸ㣿ҶѾɵʦǴħͷûΪ㣿
ĽԨֻܶѶûµġ
Ҷд󶨣ʦҿҩ䷽ʲôģ
ĽԨΪʦģᾡ콫䷽ϵĲϼƽҩġ
лҪ˵йһȵŮ
лͶڵСʹ 3

56


ڤȡ
˿û, Ⱳӻٴ̤ط

ǧӳȥľҲٻ, Ķڹ, վòΥԡ
Ӵ, ҿλ˭ڤȵϡͰ
˿ôˣ
ǵǰˣ
ʲôǰˣҲ䣿ޣ
ڤһ, ˿ͳ嵱ĶԹ, ֪, ʱ˿ǳġ
˿ж, ȫ, ô߸ϣһ, ǰȴ΢˳Ѿ˼ֺֻҪЦһΣܸ˺ü졣
Ůû, ǧټӳȥ
޾ɭΪҳˣû³ӳڤȣһĽɽ, 屾ڵ֪˿Ѻ߻ħΣ
ǰ, Ըٿ˿һۣȴʼղ
󣬳屧գһֱ߬һӣֻһᡣ
Ҫǵ˿
Ⱥаħţеƽڣ˭̬ȶ
ǣʲôˣǵ벻Ͳͼģ
뿪ڤȺ󣬴ûټһ棬ڲҪ
˿ɫѿʲôˣĸףȥ
ԣһȺ˷׷׺Ц
ôû˵ĸ׻𣿡
԰ˣŮǲҪðĸף

˿ŭϻģȡĸоڼżĽԨҲܲôˣ
һ̣ǺȻ
ΪĽԨˡ
𡭡
ĽԨЩˣֱֱ˿ʵʲô
˿ǰŰɫߵӣвЩġ
Ԩ 
ҡмҪ㡣
ĽԨûаֲ£
˿һܣΪѵﲻ˵
ĽԨĬƬ̣ͷ
ĽԨ˿Լסĵطת˲º࣬ĸףôˣ
㡭ҵԨ˿ؿһʹ
ŪˣĶӣڵôȻħ֮
ĽԨĸ׶֪ˣ
˿ͷǸħͷѾ̯ˣҪǣҪڡ
ĽԨǵǣԨǧǴħͷļƣһҪסԼıģΣҲ캦飡
ĽԨ׵ĸף㲻õģӶ׵ġ
ʱȻϸ΢춯
ĽԨһݣһӳš
⣬ֻһŮˮ̣һ޴룬ȴѾˡ
˫ϥһĽԨǰͨ£𡭡
㶼ʲôĽԨŮʵ
Ůɫףﲼ֣ҡͷūʲôûūʲôҲû
ĽԨ͵ػһĨâ漴һŮǡ
Ůһ٣ȱ㵹˵ϣ˲ûϢ
ͻıʣ˿һ㵣üĽԨԨֻǸ޹Ůɱ
ҲɱĽԨѾǵܣǸֻһˣɲصģѶڣҲ
һ£ֵοħ̣Ҳħˣ㲻޹
˿۲ٿŮʬף̾˿Ԩξˣ´β
ĽԨͷס
˵ѾͷҲ˿ʵ
š
˿̾һԨҲ֪ˣҶĻŮ֮壬ٹʮ㼰ˣʱŮѪѣ˫ޱᱩΪȴħͷǱΪˣǺã
ĽԨڼҪôҶƽҩҪĳҶ棬ǽͷö
ĸףֻһһˡ
˿ŶӣԨΪħͷ£һȥˣлὫҶ
СĽԨҡͷڲκβأѶжˣҪȥҲϸƽҩ
ͳභĽܾˣǣˣôѶŪҩ
ڶʲôʱˣ㻹Ů鳤˿ɵҶҪģҶǸ׸ֻ㣡
׸֣ĽԨĶΪ̶õĸף㲻Ҫ˵Ѷ
Ѷ׸
㡣˿ħͷҶ˫ޣΪˣ㲻ĶˣΣԨĴڻħͷ𣿡
ĽԨĬһߡ
Ԩ㵹˵˿ʵ
ĽԨ˱ۣʱѾᶨ࣬ĸףġҶ漰֮ǰһѶƳҩʱ취Ҷ
˿̾ǣʱ䲻ˡ
㹻ˡĽԨ
Сˡ
ֻҪõҪĶ˼޹
-
ҶһڴϷȥ֪ĽԨȥƽҩĲˣ˯ţڵ
ֿȺѪˣһԼϵĺֶһЩĿ־ˣԼʱῪʼȫá
ʱ˶Ҷȥ
ȻĽԨˡ
ʦҶ߽ĽԨȴᵽһѪ֮
ͷһæʵʦˣ
ûСĽԨҡҡͷȾѪѡ
ҶüôѪζʦƭң㵽ûˣ
ͻȻۼؿ½а߰ѪôѪʦ㻹˵ûˣ
ѶģⲻΪʦѪĽԨ˸һ£Ϊʦҩĵ;һߣɱˣѪΪʦ½ϡ
ҹѡĸС֣˳׵õر˷ڰӰȡݵʱȴӰ֮ˡ
֮꣬ȻᣬΪ֮ͬȴһ֦㡣
ĽԨȻǲԸ֮֮ȴ𣬲š 
ֲ޹ݣӰȻὫݲڸصĵطʱõݣ¾ˡ
ûôʱˡ
ٲȥᾪӰˣʱ֮࣬£ĽԨֻö֮ɱ֡
½ϵǰ߰Ѫ֮Ѫ
ѪĽԨģҶһˣʦû˾ͺá
ĽԨҶƽҩҪʮҩģΪʦѾҵ֣ٹձɼ룬Ѷ㲻õģڤĶܿܽˡ
Ҷϲصͷ̧жʦû㣬ҿֻܵˡ
ƱĴֻøˣкȻһּ¶鲻Խػһʦ
糺죬⣬ӣ΢΢ſţƺ˲ߢ
һμ⸱ģĽԨʱһ
̺ĴФõġ
Ҷͷͷر˫
ⰵʾԲ
ĽԨħһ㣬ͷҪһ׷
ؽӽĴ꣬ȴھҪ֮ʱͻȻѹ
һѶҹ㻹ŶҪע컹δȥ˯һ
ҶۣЩѿһôû뵽ȴܾˡҧҧ´תܻ˷䡣
лҪ˵ûһ

57

ڶ, ֮ɱԼرϢ
⼸ŵرҲ, ޹ӱɱ 
һѵĵ, ɱ˶ᱦ, ڤ̵Ĵħͷ 
һʱ䣬Ļ̡̻
֪ħͷ־ر, ŷ׷׽Լرϼػ, תƲ䡣
ĽԨҪᱦ, , Ϊ˾켯ƽҩĲ, ò˱ӵֶΣЮ콣֮ڵŮ, ڽر
ǲϣɱ
ֻû뵽ȴǸҵӣԸĽԨв, ء
ۼŮǰڷˣ۾νĽԨƴ
ĽԨһֻҪ콣ڵر񼡻, һʱķ꣬ʧɱڡ
ɣѾûлͷ·, գĽԨһģѪϴ콣ڣõ񼡻
̶̵ļգĽԨϣѾ֪մ˶޹֮˵Ѫ
Щˣһ¿ħ̵ͬˣûбħͷɱȴɥ
տʼھ𣬺Щľˡ
ֻѾѡؿҶԣֻѡЩ
ڤȵʱϵѪζԽԽأҶѿʼòԾ 
ʦԸңڤĽҩҪʲô𣿡
ĽԨѶЩֻҪ֪ΪʦܿܰѽҩƳˡ
ҶѶ۾Щɣҽ˵öŵرᣬ콣ˡ
ĽԨɫرܿߣѶЩ㲻عܣĵΪʦҩǡ
ַӦҶͷһֱֱؿʦЩرģЩҲɱĶԲԣ
ʵĽԨ޷ǰ˵ѣ̾һ͵ѶΪʦҲǱƲѣΪʦɱǣġ
Ԩģ˿֪ʱ⣬һŵؿŶӡ
֮ǰ֣µشӦסģ;ȴɱ˶ᱦ֮£Ϊһ񼡻ȻѪϴ콣ڣħͷо
ĽԨؿһ˿߱ýģһԲ
ʲôҩ䷽ħͷȦףҪɱ޹Ϊʲôĵ˿ʹļ׵ҡͷӦΪʲô㾹ȻȫԺТӣ
ĽԨĬȻ߲ѣȴڡ
֪壬ҲòΪ棬Ѷ
ʦ̫Ϳˣ㲻ġҵҪô˵ԸϾҶѺۿΪҵĶˣҲβһӵġ
ȷǸ˿Ҷѡ
Ԩ֮ԻǰҶͣǺ޼Ҷѣ
ԣҸˣ㲻ʦˣô޹ˡҶĿӯᣬذνҪء
ĽԨһһѶеĽѶΪʦѾˣ޿أڱֻˣѵҪΪʦһ𣿡
£˿ü߾ڵرԨ߾ڵطһ𳤴ͬ㣬ѵҲҪɽׯ⣿
ʦ㲻ҪٴȥˡҶҡͷطĽͬһ㣬㲻˺
ĽԨץסҶѵ֣Ϊʦ˵ˣѾһΪʦܹһ߾ڣΪʦзִ磬Ҳκһˡ
ǳ˳ģ˿ĵһƬ̾˿εԨ£ȥطҪ߾ڿŵù㣬¸ҡ
ĽԨƬ̣ͷҲãȥһԡ
ܱѪоõ£ȻõĽ
طȷʵСһ𳤴󣬽ӲԸΪ£ط
-
˿ȥһ߾ڣϧһ
߾ڵط⣬ؿ˿˻֪ôҵ߾ڻס£ħͷᣬѾ½ĽΪˡ
ʲô˿㵣㾹Ȼ½ħ
Ȼס֪֮ħͷ˵ɱ˶ᱦԨܱ¶ 
ط֣˵ʲôʲôħ
ûʲô˿̾ǿԨûü˵ȻڣҲˣڱȥ
˿ֻصڡ
ҵȻĸ٣뵽ԨڶѾƳʲôȴôȻڣɺ޵ҧгݵϣ
·ûĻƤӶ̧һ£޳ָҼطɣȣмá
˿ŭѣȴֲòŵ̬ǲ
û̧ǹżּڽĻȣҲ֪ģħͷɱ˶ᱦŪĻ̻̣·ȫ
˿ûļżɽ¸ҡ
΢΢üΪҪ㣿
㣬вУ˿¸ҡ
Сܾúܸɴࡣ 
˿ģҪſϰ¸ң
ĽԨΪ˶ᱦɱ޹Ұ¸㣬ΪŰ΢΢һӣؿ˿ĽԨħͷģڣõףΪʱˡ
˿ɫһףԹŭԨ֮ɱ޹ǱħͷƵģ
ŶҰѽϱȥɱˣһƽЩ˲֪жྴôȲһҶѣǿЦ
˿Զԡ
ͻȻҰ¸ĽԨҲǲԡ
ʲô˿æʵ
ع˹ǣĽԨط׼ҡ
ԣ˿͵ͫһطԨĺѣֵͬܣ㾹ȻУɥĲ񣬺ݶ
ɱ˵ֲңôҺݶˣﲻΪȻصЦһĽԨɱط⣬˵˭ݶɡ
˿ɫԨΪһŮˣ캦֮£

ôǾû취ˡƺź̾һ̧֣ĵɭ׻棬ֻյʱ䣬պûɱط⣬ұ㽫¡ˡ
˿Ҫҧˣһת뿪
ԨһٴΨһİ취ֻɱҶǸŮˣ
˿ߺҶӲԶӰ߳ؿųӦңٺ˵ġ
ｫ뻳Сңһˡ
ɱ޹Ҷ̧ؿ
һ޹Ҳûж֡
㲻ɱʣȴҶüΨ²ңĽԨΪħͷ˿ܵ⣬ʹǲǣ
üСûкܺ޹һˣ
ҶҡͷûС
ҴСһֱһ⣬ΪʲôҪҡ
Ҷ֪˵˿
뵽дǱ˿һģﲻɵһ
ԭΪżǷǷԲŻҺҸ׺֮ǣЫԲŻʱҲȻҳǣĽԨΪħͷȴûĽԨĽԨһУƽϢһС
ĽԨƽҶȴļɬرסҪ㣬Ҫ㡣
лҪ˵ܺһ³ĽԨͻλȻҲҪ
лӪҺСʹ 1ƿ

58

, Ҫ㣬Ҫ㡣
ᣬȴޱȵļᶨ
ֻеӲһ˲, ͷҶĶӡһ, ʵС, ֵô
㵱Ȼֵã, ĺ޷, ҵİڵط, Ź, ҲǷŹԼҶɤ, ̧ų͸, Ӧңô
ؿ۵Īӿ͵һЦ, Ӧá
-
ڤȡ
˿һŭڻ
ĽԨӭȥĸףطɴӦ˰½㣿
ҵȻٸ˵˿תҶѣ, ȸҵлҪ˵
˿۵׵⣬ҶĪü, һֲԤӿĵףɿĽԨ
ĽԨҶѵǰĸףʲô˵ɣҵҲһġ
һЩ˽²˿ֵѣҵ
Ҷû취ֻӲͷƤ˿ȥķ
Ÿչϣ˿һ䣬лһذ/ףź⣬ֱֱشҶѵҪ
ҶѾһҶ˿ֱܿۻǱذ/ײһƤ
˿һУذ/״̹ȥƣɱҶѾݡ 
ҶѲҶֻܲ϶ܡ
ʱڶĽԨ˽һѶ˿
ĸףŭؿ˿ΪҪѶ
˿ҶѣֻˣŲٷɱÿҲŮ㣡
ĽԨһѶˣһžһʬ⣡
ĽԨѵŵΪһŮˣ˿õһνжӵȫ֪֪ѾħͷˣҪɱط⣬򣬱ˣ
ԣĽԨ͵˫ȭȼŭ棬ҧгݣ磡 
˿ؿҶѣǻе֪˶ϰɣҪԨٴȥ
Ҷɫס
ĸף㲻ѶĽԨûκδҲܺߣ˲
˿ŶӣЦôѲɣҪΪŮȥɱط⣿
ĽԨҡͷѶҲȥɱط⡣
ô죿˿ʵ
ĽԨһ£һʱֻܳĬ  
ҶĻش׾ˡʦΪɱط⣬Ҳжֻʦе£ʦɱԼĺѣҲһӻ֮С
˽ˡ
ҶѿĽԨʦǻʱ䣬Ҫ취
-
ʱ֣ҶյҶѵһš
Ҷ˵Լڤ֮ӣҶôǽһǰһ棬֮ǰĶԹһʹص÷ɽׯʱʱ
Ҷ濴ţԳ¸ҰɣֽҶѡ
ﹴŴҶʱ棬㲻壿
ѵһȥôڣҶ¡Ҷ治ΪȻЦοǸͽҩģܶ𱨲ɣ
óã΢΢׵ãһȥ
-
һ磬Ҷ³ĽԨ˿׼Ĳһ
ʢ΢΢һЦʦˣȺȵɣǺܾûкúóһٷˣص˼ˣǿϲθڣ
˿ȻҶպޣǶ룬ǳǳغһڡ
Ѷڲ˲͡ĽԨܸӵİȫˡ
ǰˣҶһЦû£Һܿġ
һ˿ͻȻסԼͷԨôͻȻͷôΡ
䣬ӱϣʡ¡
¶ĽԨһֻԼҲȻͷĿѣ߶ڵĶƳھǿյһ˿ҲûС
ҶѾؿʦɢ鵤ΪʱʧҩЧˣٻָġ
ĽԨȻʲôŵؿѶµĶ
Ҷѵͷ
ΪΪʲôĽԨԽԽǿŲԼȥ
ҶҧŴûлش
ĽԨ־ǿûΪҲֵҩҩЧڳŲסطϣʶʼģ
ʦҵȷˡħͷĥ㣬ҲҪһʧȥİ֮˵ζҶȦؿĽԨʵ͸žʱ䶼ûкۣںú˯һ°ɣˣٵ÷ɽׯһgҵĹǻҰɡǣټ
ѶҪĽԨѵط
ҶѲΪؿһۣתȥ 
ĽԨ֣Ҫȴش䣬գʶ˺ڰĻ֮С
-
÷ɽׯ
ԭĽɽ˿˽˾Ľɽ˿ڡ
ɽׯѾꡣ
ʱҶͳԼ
㣬û뵽ĻһۡҶѿҶ棬˵
ʵްҶû뵽ҶˣǸħͷȻҲһˡ
쿪ۣ
Ҷѵ۵ףӿһĨ״ľϲ
˲㴹Ƿݼѹȥ
ȴز׽ģع˹
ϣҶѽС÷ɽׯȻǲ⡣
ֵǣĽԨڡ 
ҪСߣҶѻʲô۶ӡ
㲻ˡҶ潫װµĽеݸҶѣװ£ûȥĽԨڤĽҩɡ
Ҷѿһ۽УûȥӣֱЦ
ħͷѪ飬¶Ϊĥʦǣûпʦɱط⣬ûʦ˿ôܻͻȻ󷢴ȱ¸
϶ǴħͷһֵȦ׶ѡ 
㲻ҪҶ濴ҶѾϵĺߣüеĶԽԽˣٲ⣬ġ 
ҶЦˣұҪˡ
ҪҲҪһᣡ
Ұ·ˡҶ潫зһԵϣתԳǻȥɡ
ţҪߣҶѺȻЩˣеôˣħͷ˺ô㻹ûиҵǸ
ǸüƺЩЦûɣҸǸ
΢΢һУΣյâתȷܵ𣿡
Ҷһη壬ֻǸ뿪
ǣסңһ
Ҷ濴ҶѣüòԾҶͻȻô಻壬ʲô
ҶѳĬƬ̵̣˵סһԲ֪
СҲˣԣԼôأҶѣнбѩ
ʱĽԨͻȻһӽҶѻԼ
Ѷ̫ɵˣ̲סҶѡ
Ȼ˿Σ
ڣ˿ֻһѵÿ죬취ƳҩΪҲܿͻָˣļٵظ÷ɽׯ
ããһж
˿ҲſڣؿӶ÷ɽׯʲôҵĵط
ĽɽϦദļңܳ
ؿ˿΢΢˹ԭҪߵģ˿Ȼ˵ƫҪﲻʹ졣
ҶѼĽԨȴͻȻɫ䣬ʦôˣߣ߰
Ѷ㵽ʲôĽԨؿ
ҶͻȻۺỨĽԨƣ·ͷһ㣬ذʦ㣬߰ɣٲ߾ˣ
Ϊ̫죬ڳļ˶еЩ⡣
ĽԨ˫εؿסļͷѶô£
ʱŵͻȻһ޴ı֮ʼݡ
ˡҶѵϳʧȥѪɫ
͵ʶʲô䲻ﾹȻ¶˾֮ɫסҶ֣Сߣ
ĽԨҲ׹һʱ佫Ҷ뻳С
ϧһжѾ̫ˣ
÷ɽׯʵһ޴ľƽѣصǧƵĳһ
ҶȽը/ҩڵؽѵ£ȼյʱ䣬յף߱ȼɽׯᱻ
ϵıɽ̼ǵأͬѪڵľޣ÷ɽׯһɵ
ʹΪٸҲǲѷɡ
лҪ˵лͶ׵Сʹʺƨ 1

59

·һµجΡ
Ҷ͵, ӵϾ亹ڵش
ƺһտʯ, ʯǶһյİĳ, ǰĹʮֻ谵, Լߴߴ
 Ҷо䣬üӵ, г, , 
м, ȴӦ, ֻʣЩƵʯص
Ҷ澲ĬɨܵĻ, ͷһͻôе죬дԭعĵط
Ҷֱֱ׹ô
أĽԨأ
÷ɽׯͬھ, ˵ʱ̣ﱾܵؽػڻûôһ˶ûУ
Ҷ滳Լ, æݺݵһԼֱ˻۵ᶼҪ쮳ˡ
Σıˣ
ߵĽ, ȴգרѺ֮ˣĶ˶಻ʤԹء
ԭȫű˷֣Ҳ̶á
Ҷһʱңһ㣬Ĵǵ̵ʯţţҳȥΪʲôҪңҳȥ 
ʱ·ĺʯҵͻȻһλٱӣҶҰ
һϮʤѩʳףһϵߡ
Ҷ澪ϲ֣
ȴؿҶ棬㿴˭
ԣҶʧɫ˶һˣ̵ؿǰӣǡĽԨ
ͳﻻˣ
ˣʮа/Ҳ÷ɽׯǳըˣԭŮѪѺ󣬱ĽԨʱϡ
أҶʶʵ
ĽԨлһĨ֮ɫҶ棬ڶѱˣǸħͷ
˵գһϮҶ˹
ֶסҶľЦһû뵽䵽ҵ
Ҷ汻סʺѣɫǺ졣
ĽԨû¶ȵ䲻֧ĹӰƬηȿֺӿ
ǹԭġ
ԭΪıҶѣĽԨʦţŮѪѣϲػصڣĽԨĻŮ֮壬ΪĽԨת䣬ȴصվ
ҶԽԽѣͻȻļͷʹѣǵԼڿʱԭѪѺȻͳй֮ףΪʲôμȴ˿ûг
ʱȻһЩƬӰһԺ֮ǰǶμ
μȴǹԭģҶԼļ䡣
Ҷû뵽ȻǵһδⱾ飬ϴδʱԭŮѪѺûԭһܻȥĽԨǴԶ߸߷ɣԶĽԨҶѣȴ˴ɳ磬ܿ˽ȥ˴һȡ
֪ô£ںͳǷղִﴩȥˣһμ䡣 
ԭһֱĽԨȫԼΪʲôʹħͷ˯ˣܻȥĽԨĽԨؽ
ҶȻǰԼһδʱľڸˡ
ԣ֮ǰԭй࣬ʵڣͳһģǵһδ
û뵽ǰܽ⿪һĽᣬҶͻȻǣѵЦЦ
ΪԼԽôĽԨҶͻȻ¶ĹЦݣôܻô׾أҪⰵյʲôĥʲôо壡
˵գһ֣Ҷʧȥ˳Уصˤڵϡ
¡¡ʯֱʵʵعˡ
Ҷ̱ڵϣĿ
ѵջӲԭ³Ҫ

-
ڲ£֪ҹʱŵø
Ҷ汧ϥǽߣԴڱ
߹ĵ컹ǵ죬Ѿжϲˡ
ֹľʱʱ̿ĥΨĵǵҪٺͳִ֧
ʯҼž÷·ֻнڡߴߴڡ
ͻȻҶĶдһޱö
С
ЩİЩϤȴڼеһģһ
Ҷ͵̧ͷֻһͦ޳Űɫߵӣ֪ʱʯ֮С
Ҷؿ˳Լüһ䣬ЦЦ
ãǰֻܳþټһ档
΢Ц
ﹴ˹ӵ뻳УСңˡ
Ϥ÷ڱǼƣȵ¸ѴݹҶһ㶣һвǻþ˲׹رסءش
Сĺ󱳣ԣˣţһޣҵľͺۡ
Ҷ̧ͷʵؿίͰ͵سҭŵ쵰ôڲΪҪҲˣ
ΪҪĽԨ̸УԵ˵ʱ䡣 
̸УҶһæʵӦĽԨʲô
֮ǰҶ¶ĽԨƳĽԨĽԨȻҪĥôô׾óߣ
ʵҲûʲôﵭ
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