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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

1

ſϣnοʱ䣬ѾʮһˣЩۣԺ仹ǵѵǧһҪ¼Ҫọ̈̄
cvˮ裬Ȧ
ѧУʮһϨƶ΢ٷyyʱңҺԼûȥѧУ
ˮһҪ˼ûУ˿ֱߵˮǿĻ˺ͼαĵĻȣʱʱɫЦ
ٴδyyҳ壬㿪עˣֻһˡֻǣͷǻҵġ
ͻȻ΢ȥǸǲҪˣˮڲǰѾ̫ϲˣôע⵽һûڳǧС͸
ϲˮΪǸĳϷĹ㲥磬˯ǰϵУȻǸϵͳ
ʼʱˮֻˣż֦ԼЦᵭЦ
ǸʱһߣЦżҲΪЦЦĲѡ
ʼעˮʱ΢˿200200У硣ÿֻҪһ΢ʲô˵͵һռɳˮҲע⵽رˣʱ΢»򵥵Ľ䡣
ǣֻǰһǰˮԡɽ㲥һŴ𣬶̶ʱշ˿ӼٵʮҲûкˮй
ǵһλɳҲ
ͻȻ֣Զе˼ſҸӣҪٲҾȥ˯ˣ
ʱһһεĹȥӺ򿪹עбͷǻҵģ̾վûйص˱ˮԼƣǿžˮ֡
Ҳ֪˶ã綼ԺĶо˯˼ˣ˲ᵽˮ֡
һ龫۾Ļ۾գһĴ
˽˵ողŽӵ֪ͨǵһˮʱˣ¼ף¼
統ʱ֪ʲôоˣֻǱģĳ嶯
Ϸˮ¼
ˮ裺Ǹʱ£ҪףԽԽá
һϣ͵ʮ֣˵ܶǼٵġ
¼һݵ˻˯ȥˡ
ûһûˣǾȣǰӦҪء
޷ڣ߾ֻʣһš
ڶһ磬˯ѣͷһƬ
ʲôʣƬУ˵ģ塣
ˮ衣βסļ飺ķ˿Ⱥ￴ģǰģڶɾˣƬ
粢ûˮǰƬӡ󣺡𣿡
ģޱȿ϶˵ǵķ˿ڲ
ڲ绹п֪ܲΪûмӹκη˿Ⱥ
һ䡰֪ˡֻϣְͼƬ˼򵥴Ȼˮĳǰ
ˮ۹۾˫ƤԵģʶ˶ģôȻ
֦ϽЦʱ˵ġ
ڣĻϵǸˣüĿ˫Ƥ߸ߵıṴܿĵӡ
һĻִƵĿջ֣ʲô顣
ܾãֻ֪˶ٱ飬ŴĻƿ۾ι
ôܻԭ𣿡ڴʡ
翴һ۵Ļܡ
˵õѣ˴׶԰ѧһֱһѧУõӰ롣֪õƬһ취ָ
ǣȴ˽ĵĲκ֪ˮӣΪʲôǲ롣
ʧϧˣһˮˮķݡ
磺һúܳأ
ܣᶨش𣺡ȻסƾҶľ飬Բ
ȷʵң˧
΢̾˸⣺ôˣ
£һҲ⣺ǵҸоҳŲס
˭ʣڵȦĲǵСڰռĳ½ѵһľˡ
ˣҲ˵˵˵ɣôˣ˸⡣
ȥʽϰ࣬İش
㲻ȥ𣿡ʣЩôİˣ
Ұֲͬ⡣򵥻ش𣺡Ҳͦõġ
ίԼͳɡ˵ˣ˵ˣʱǾ˵
СӦ˵绰
㻰ṦĻѾȥһ£ĻʾǸˣǶȿȥˮһ޵Ц⣬תȥȥ˳ֹصԳȥ
ΪҪְԺͿʼ׼˺ܶȷûʲôٵĲŰѶһԣԼȥһߡ
ĸձҵΪרҵûȤӴʼԼȤĹֻǣְǿҷͼ湤Ųѷˡ
ȻԼȤĹĹҲûʲôˣͶһݼȴû뵽˳ԣֺ֮ͿĹ˸ԡʱ붼þȣʱԵʲôڻһ俴˳ۡ
˶˵ʲôϲʲôģش̫⣬̬ȣȫҪҪҶԵ֡
Եʱı֣ܱ¼ȡǣ޾ԣû죬յ֪ͨ
һ㻹ܾȵģǾһҲ͵ˣΪӡšGK桱е飬һ֪ôˡ
һǷʲôȴ룬׼ϰҪõĶ
ԼԢֻżĶƷܶණѧУ
˸ʱ䣬ȥѧУö
µһ죬·ǶͯڵƷ
ЩⲻˣΪʲôеĽն
ѧͲһˡҶΪԼδæšԴӽ˱ҵԺͼûлУ԰һİо·ˣһϤİ
ĵطһˣҲˡ
֪һʱ粻֪ʲôоѧУ¾ɸ棬ÿһ궼뿪һˣҲڼ֮עµѪҺʱ棬ϤıİΨһģǼʮһѧĽְˡ
簡þûأ
̧ͷ΢Ц֣ʦ
ҵôˣ֣ʦͷ΢Ц
ҵˡԹԻش𣺡öϰˡ
ϰð֣ʦļ򣺡˾ͶŬ֪𣡡
֪ˡ
֣ʦֿ̧һֱԺﻹиᣬȹȥˡ
֣ʦټ΢ЦĿ͡Զһ
ǶǰɣʦƽʱǸѧģر磬ÿμҪ˵ϼ䣬ֻǣĿΣÿαؽվش⣬ÿǸʱ綼оԼǻص˸УŲѡ
ջߣȥ·ҲϤͬѧҾֻǼ򵥵Ĵк
ĺܶණѾʼĻؼˣʣµĶÿϵġ࣬һ͹ˡ
һ·Żȥ
ճУſڣͿһȺѧ·ߴ֣ҡҡͷƹȥ
ʱΪЩСѧѧǵģ·߶ΣհôͲ֪עⰲȫأ
վ·ߵеԣű̵ƣͻȻоиܹȥûзӦ㿪ʱһӱײڵء
磬Сģ
ĶѾ뿪ʶõʱѾˣɳȥһɲǣ˺ܶ࣬ĸѣСˮ衣
ǰ룬һҲ˰ɣ


2

ǣλԴ⼸Ϊһֱˣϵ޸ģϵĽ棬òײŰcase̸Ѿ̱ϡ 
ڵûб뷨ֻݸˮ裬Ȼȥ˯ذȥĹڿʼ˯
սֱ·ȥԡҡ
һˮڶ򵥵ĳһ£ɽԡ̾ιһ۾˸
ͻȻоԼһ̹ǵ˲䴫Լǰ
ԡǰмģܶᱡɴΧģǸԼӰζѾۻˣĴ
Ϊոյ͸ͷĸоǼٵġ
ҲֱܳˣǱ룬Ϊʲô
һ˲䣬˼ǧųǾǡ
ǸߣŲй֮˵ôǾһˡһѳӣ˭
ڿ˵һ̣סˡǰſڵϣһԡԱߣһֱѾûǽС
죬ϵġ֮ܳΪ˵Ķһ£ǻζ˼Դ۾
һ˲䣬ԭɵ۾ڿ˲䣬һѾǰˮ裿
ü۾һ͵Լû֪ˮ裺㵽˭ɫʷһ㡣
ҽ磬ҡҽܣͻȻԼΪʲô
ͷһתΪʲô
ô֪ǳáʵòã˭Ӱ˼죬۵ðһؼҷּ˸֪ǹġ˭ܺܣ
ͷ۾ɨǰ죬á
㿴ʲôأɫһùԡ۴ϣӹȥʱ׼翴űԼԡۣʶ̧ס
Ц֪ڻûԼʲô״أ˫һ죬½ϵϴӡ
ʱѾ·
գգۣЩϧһɨڶ϶Էݺݵʱջߡ
ˮ裬㡭վոյؿڣտھͱ
졣
ǡͣҾһ¡û˵ͿѾˣȵҰں󺰣ܹȥѾˣѾȥҲڹϣһʱͣۿžҪײϣһʱֵ̧סơ
֮⣬ûеʹ۾ûκʹײϵûУһ̧ͷԼѾվ⣬ſǱȥ
ͷŽգɻת֡
һ²ӣ⼸첻ǵͷһֱ˽棬Ŀ졭

һ춯صľ˸תȥСЩû˵ͿǸվԡҵĥɰм䣬һ棬һ棬޿޲ı飬ֱ£죬һʲô
һǣתߡ
ǡô°ʣһ˲͵ǰס·
һҲ㡱ı飬߹ȥĸ첲Ĵһ¡
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粻ģಽĸţЩˣҸʲôڲôŪɡɨһ£ӵģְﲻ㡣
ҡҡҲ֪ô˵Ҳֻһˡ
ͷĴϣҼҾһˣ˵㻹ܿ˭
Щŵ춼û˵һվڲԶ
ôҲˣпΪ˧ǡһʲô°ð죬ʵЩܲĿͰ͵ˣ˶촽ˣɡ
û
˵ûʶԼЩãıˣͣһ£Ұ㣬Ҳùڵ˵һ°ɣ㲻˵ô֪˭йÿ˶ȥˣҪҪŪϣ˳ڵǸѰʬʾ
һϵı˲ˣٶ֮죬զ࣬ǻ
»ЩȣΪأȹ龪ȣʵĻһ䶼ٵģʲô
磬ͷӸ͡
֪ˡӻ֣ûҽܣ˵ô׸ʲô
죬ո̧ͷֵˡ
ļΨΨŵŵӣ۸һǸôŪӵģʵôŪ⸱ӣ룬̫̼ˣջȥġ
ҡ˼ƺʹӣ̧ͷҲǵˣֻǵȥѧУġĲǵˡ
˿ԴôʲôǵãҰɶһ֣ȫǧˣøϽһնܴһͬģ
ǣ˵˸ʷǵѧУɣң
Ժ󣬼ҡҡͷ
˵ȥѧУѧУǵˣ⡭ҧţԼ
ҪǺǣˣ¼ã
ǾԼԵƽľһЩֻǵ磬ûˣ
ˮ衣粹һ䡣
㡭ҧźЩҪҪڵû
ĵģû͸أ͵غ˰ȥˡ鵰ģ¾ʹˣ
ܡɣһģɵĻش

ֱվͷҲصұȥ
ȥ׷š
˯ͷҲصһ仰ڵѾ쵽ߵıԵˣӰ༸ͻȻһֻŮɶҲ֪Ĳ˵ʲôˣԸһΣԺﻹһˡ
顱һţҲ⡣
徻ˡ
ͷȥ۾ٿȷʵ⣬ֻѾˡ
ûӦԼǸʵת˰죬ȥΣЩˣҪȥţԼˣֻǡһ塭
۾һյ˯ȥԼһ½ɳŷ˼Ҫ˼Ͻ꣬һֱۻŶʮ꣬һϣ⼸Сʱ֮䣬ȫ߽ˣ
Ǹ۵ǸǶڣһһ˳ȥĴ̼񾭡
죬ЩܲˣваС㣿
ȥȥֲ֪ȥģֻһ鲻˳һ뿴ȥôؼΣи˾ͽˡ
谭գգۣ󡭡
ϿôƺԽܣǣʵУôУҽ㺰ȫУôС´ʣҽܲˡŽһƤˣ
üܾЩϤ벻Ϥ𣿡
ڲ⡣ָſڣȥ˯˵
磺
Ǹȥ


3

սУЩļȶȣ˸ƽ
Χɢ¶Ƚĺһ
µѾȣʱõһǲϣֲϲϿյֻš
첻ͬյȵ˯ŵĸоûˣһĨ˸ƣ嶼
֪ãоЩ䣬۾ȥӣûӣ͸о˷һ۾
磺
קӷ𣺡𣿡
磺ҹûѣŬŬ죺˯𣿡
˯Щ꣬˵Ҳôã˵أ
£ΧƸոô죬ٶϮſһۣѾڷ˰ջַ߳ȥ
ճͿһֱſڵ磬̲סһ䣺㲻𣿡
һ㶣ҡҡͷ
Щͣӻ֣ǾͿߡȻֱȥ䡣
ɳϣͷԲ
ʱо¶ȶʮȣһ˵ֱеˡ
죬ûһʹ£ҧɳߣĶ棺Ƕ𣿡
̧ͷ
о𣿡ҧгݣڵ¶жͣ
ҡͷ
ĵ˱ߵıԵˣôйҡ磬̻ôͣ
죬翴̫õɫڣҡֻǵҵֽ磬᲻ң
ѣֱ֣ҧ˵ġʧе㲻̣ͷˣҽŰң˵ˣͽһ죬ҵ͸ϽҲҲ֪ô磬һһԼأ룺Ҳ˵ɡ
Ըң翪Ĳѣ϶Цݣлл󡣡ʶԼ˵ˣּæĿڣлл㣬
ĴӦһͷ˵ֻǵԼʲôѧȴǵѧԼ飬ô֪Ҿˮģ
šͷһ£֪Ǽǵá
ãҲǰʣڱ˵ԵĳתȥͷҲصĶ˵Ժûҵֻڿ
Ŷ
شСͷ֪֪Ŀ಻͡ԹԵͷĽȥҡ
һɳϣĿռֻʣһȴĪĸоЩ䣬䣬ǷŽ˱һ㡣
תͷȥҷȻЩףƢҲ̫ãÿ֪ǹģȴ̲ס
򵥵Ļ··ӽϴ»ŻصǰڼҴŰɣȥҡ
ǡһڣͱˡ
һʧĹܸʲô
һ仰Ҳûпڣͷʾ֪ˡ
ǰ˼Σſֹϣֻʣһ
ִɢϮոڵʱûзֻ֣ʣһָоֻԽԽ䣬ĸоԼһĵطΧǱ飬
ʱѾˣпŵǰһһɱȥſڡ
һ̧ͷͿŴǰʱѾˣ˵
һǲǣ
Ļû˵ָ֪ʲô
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ܲˣںܶ¶ǵˣԼԲ¥ġ
ҡͷûˡ
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뿪ȴ֪˵ʲôȥοԼƽʱڹ˾ˣ䲻οˣ治ᡣ
̾ЬݣľһոЩҲûˣָſعͷȥʣô£˲˳ָķ򿴹ȥҡҡͷҡ֪
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Ѿ챻ſˣǹûģѾˣ۾һΣѾǿ˵ı飬ȴûᣬ˵Ĺ졣
ڣѾܲôˣϵôСĹǸίµıҲһ£ǣԼۻĳȥȥˣأҸˣ˭¶ˡ
һֱ޿޲磬Ļˣô㻰أư𣿡
һһѾǽϣǽ˲Ҳ֪Ĳ֪
ǽԽķ䣬ѾڱŭıԵָŴ𣺡ȥҲ뿴㡣
ûĺȥ
жڳȥǰһԲ𡣡Ĵǵţûټ
ŷıۿɼٶȥûһʧˡ
ҵ§һͷȥһˮ
ܾãոյı꽥ȥŸоոЩԣ֪Լ˾͹ˣԼôЩӦá
ǣһ룬Ǹˣʲô°Ȼ뿪ˣǾһеطȥġԼһ˲˵¸ְﲻæ
˿ˮ粻ڣԭĵʧֻصȡһܣոջıˮû£⡣
ùյң򿪣¶ȣ¶ȿʼ½ˬɳϢ
У񿴵һվ۾ԶӰΣǿ塣Ҫ߽ȴǸʱ򿴵һײϡ
Сġ󺰣ûáûļܹȥһѾײϣһ̲֪ôĿ͡
˵ˮ衭

ȫǾ֣ϿҪ帺ɡ
ָһﻺ˼ʮȥϲϷֻ𣺡߻Ǳ߳Щ⣬ͬҪҪӺ󣿡
ͷ黹Щ㱣·ڸոյûĻҲֻһ룺˵ʲô
绰Ǳߵظһ顣
ȥ˵Ǵͻﲻ𡣡
ǡ˶٣߻Ǳץ޲
ɣӰӰѡ
Ǳû˵ʲôֻ˵˺þ͹Ҷˡ
ֻȥϴּϴ˰ˮ˲˲٣ոյ̫Ҳ̫ʵǸʵһ㣬ǣ˿ޱȿ϶ûй
εô£

4

Ĵһ죬˻ˮڴϣֻо嶼˲١¶ȽˣҲûôȣϰ߱һϡ
һƵģЩҪĸоʱ䣬ѾЩˣ˳ڱһţ̣ϹϹİߡ
տţͿһϤӰ
ôڣü
ɶ˳Ļش𣺡Ǹ
û˵Ŀڡ
ԷʱɫΣԭͣ˰죬һĿŵȥ
㻰أ
ȵݵһ𣬿񿴹һݸտһ㣬ҲƵܽȥˡ
ҡûطȥʵش
ֻʶһҪȥﶼûãû˿ü
ûطȥһֱ𣿡
ÿһ˵ͺµҪҡ
߰һ仰ͷҲصˡ
翴ıӰãѾҲݲˣǣڵָôأˣʣǻٵÿļ䣬ȥأ
ֱСŻͷȷûиתȥó
Ĳǿѧܽ͵ͨġһй꣬ȻǸߣڡҲǿԽܰɡ
ǰ˵лǣӦֻذɣ˶ôȥͶ̥ڰ޳أ
ˣ룬Ͳڻſڲߡ
ս˾̸ʲô󣬵
˵ɹ˰
ҿܣ˹;ôһˡ
ôܰիĹ¶ȥˡ
ô˵ҲǱ£Ǿ͸ſŰɡ

֪ǲǰûע⵽һ죬ڸ֣ȥǵϡ
һֻЩˡ
ܡ
̧ͷɫ̫ã߻鲻ǽ𣿡
˼ǣûûԶ㡣
СССĶһ£֪λλүˣǻӲͦͷƤڣⲻһcase˵ͦ۵ģɷɣǰӳһƬ롭
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˻ɣκĹ𣿡
ҡھȥ˾ˣСһ붼ҶƵܳȥ
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ӣҧгݡ
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Сشɴ࣬ƹŽȥ
ȥߵ֪ҵ취뿪
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ҡͷҲ֪ܲܣǡ̧ͷ˾ҪͶ̥ȥͶ̥İ취
üǣ֪ԼӦһֱվſڣɲԼзŸŵģǸ
ͷ˵Ҽң͵һҵģ
۾һû뵽ӦһʱƲ˹ȥ˸أֱӴ崩˹ȥʱͱһ£תͷ񶼴в
ŵһֺõ΢Цģġ
˰쵽û˵ʲôֵĻȥϴˡ
Ȼ˻ˣһ˵ģû׼ҡ
ЩԥϽͷ
һжһ֣ȥ˯ˡ
磺ʱžŵ㰡
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˿ѵԷһԣһߵȿһֻ΢
Ϊ㲥硶ɽ΢˿ѾʮȴҲûȤȥЩ˶˵ʲô
һǰǸʱֻ200ۣȴˡ
۴ӽɽʼһҲǸֻ֪ռɳˡҲܾòˡ
ôһ룬һ£ȥ΢е΢ǹģһʱ仹治֪˵ʲôˡ
Ҫ˳ͷķ΢
@ɹˮˮֶۣ˸[Цcry]
ˮˮҡͷʧЦһʮõʣгôôɰأ
˳ԣжծûꡣ
ͻȻ۾һɨġòƷѾܾˣôҲûģǰ˸1ţЩϵ˯
ֻǣЩ֣ſڿȥѵõô
κ춯ӲĶ䣬Ļϵ
ڣû˶ŵվͷȥһƬҵѾϢ
绹ûнȥȻѾӦǾҪ׼أ¡
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ճţϾֱڱˮһһ飬һ˲ʲôⶼûˣתͷȥ׾Ȼű˯
̲ˣ˭ģ
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ɦͷǷˡ
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ϰ·ϣһֱԼ裺ܿĶˣ㿴ⲻǸ𣡡
Ÿо˵رеûһ꣬Ҵð
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ͻȻʵѾˣģôأңȥԷҲûʲôӦֻǳ̫˰ɡ
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ŰܹȺܾ˰磿
ûСҡͷһԶȥĳӣ߰ɡ


5

ɳһ磬ſгһƻ
һ¾ȷԼ˻û
ˣΪʲôᵽȥͶ̥ʲôϵûǾҪҵ壬Ҳҵ»İ취ˡ
еһĺãǣڳŵʱ뵽һ⣬Ǿǡǰ죡
ոѹƲס˷鱻һ룬ͷֻȥɳ
һͻȻɹЩӦݡ
ͻȻ䲻ܳȥԼ綼֪ʲôˡڿ˰죬ŵӻ۾Ź
ѵõЩ
žֻ·ʱЬ׺͵ذײ
ţǰľһ
ſɳϽζĿŵӽĿòƻһͦĵӾ磬е㡭磬еĿѾܺˡ
ͷһٰʮת΢Ц·һѼѺõĴ˸кȫûоʲôԡ
顱һʲô˵ϡ
Ĺİѵ
ͷȷʵԼĹİ˵ϣΪʲô󺰣ôǹ֪Ż
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ǣʲôû˵ɫ糣İԱߵЬϣɾĻЬݡ
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Ѿһˣʲô룬ŵһӶܹȥԭֵĿʱ
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Ҳ֪Ҳ֣ػҲӵĹôûˣ˲һ뷨ӿͷ᲻ǸѾȥˡһһѾԭʧ

ôۣڴ˿̺Ȼһʣˡ
룬ѾվĶҡҡͷûȥ
һֽ˵ĿˣվָŲԶĵ̨Ե
Щãôͣ㿴ˣ
ûУûСҡͷ
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ҡ粻֪ôشʵϣԼ֪ΪʲôʱǺ棬Ǹ˰29ԺͲˣﲻ֪߶ʲô綼϶û壬Ż֪Ҫʲô
һŷҪɱæֻȥ֪ͨˣû̫ࡣ
ڣʵ綼֪ôش
ٶ󲽿ֱſȥʲô¥ŮϹģԼҲĻͻ𼱻ǵĹûлɹ⻰١
һ·Ĺ
ôˣϽϡ
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ģû˵ѡ͡
תͷôͣ
ҡû취ͣ˵壬Ψһȷľûпҡ
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ʸո绰˵ɱ𣿡
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ڡ
ûˡ־͹Ҷˣõſֻȥ
绹ڽͣġҲƮ˽ȥ
ŹصһǣͻȻһ𣺡쿪ţ㣬ҿǸˡ


6

ʱѾ¥㣬ߣѾĲУģģǸոǸˡ
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Ѿ˲̫࣬һȥ
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Ѿܲ˵Ǽ٣ΨһȷľǸոȥ⣬ʱѾҹôôܻȥɿһˡ
ôһ룬ּӿ˽Ų
ƿŵʱվǸƽĵطѾһȥһֱǸ˵첻ͣȰš
벻ʲôۿġ
𶯰
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˵תͿڼ֧֮ȴһ˲䣬ϲһ˹ȥ㣬Ҫˡ
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ָ̧֣ŶĽֵ


7

ʲô˳ķȥǸײڻϳûʲôرġ
ǵʲô
תͷȥʣʻѾˣĴȥѾ˶Ľֵ
ΪһͻĽͨ¹ʣһѾס˲ñģһ򣬰ѳͣ·ߺ³Ŷĳȥ
վ·ߣĿѾĽͼԱﴩȥ
һţȥ
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ûȹȥͱ£Ǹ㲻ܹȥ
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һ۶ܸоֳĲңһ̯Ѫһм䡣
һͻȻüǸ˵̨Ҫ¥ˡ
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ᣬֱȥˡ
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ٶȺܿ죬浽ʱ򣬷˶ˣ翿ǽԴΪиŭĿţ˵ĸоȫëըˡ
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ĸоһֻè
˵ɡ

8

﷢Сĺĸоǰٷ֮ٵèǰľǸˡ
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죬ڣ
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Լĳзô飬֪˲ŭӿɫ˺ܶ࣬ͿһۣŵðѲÿһСģŭһˡ
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ûӦһοʼʱüָ߬
̫ˣ̫ˣǰĸ·ĳȻйأɷ֣Ϊ⡣
˵ģЩᱻΪ⡣˭ѾĻڸ·ȥɱˣһȥɱԿ⣬ɱԽͳѹû˻Щ顣
⣬ӻ⣬˾þòƽˣʮôж⡭
֮󣬱ûκϢ˵ָֻƽ
ÿæϰ࣬æ¼æԼ顣ҲһԼʬ塣
ô˻᲻˰ſɳ룬һ۴𣿡
Ųֱͣһֻش𣺡С
磺
ˣԼأ
ûһһƬڳݲ壺Ҫȥʬˣʱ簡ôᶨƵԼʬ塣
šͷҵÿ㣬ʬˡ˵͸о԰Լһأôһһʬˣ
һ͹ÿ춼ڶ˵ʲôʬʬģԼϰˣҲôС
˺ãͶ̥ʡһڳ꣬һ仰ˡ
ҧгݵĿţʱԼΪʲôϲ˵һûС
һʱƽľĴ΢΢һЦƮȥˡ
ôڻûۿԼˣǾԲԼѾˣǣң
ϻʱͿſĵϲϡ
ңֻǶָԾԶˡ
ȻĹȽܸĲ
ޱ£ԼĻԶسһͼǱеĽͨͼʱġ֪Լģǿõ磬Լųಡ
ǸеɳָӵˣȫôһӶֻһҳ档
Ź˰СʱĻл档
Ϊ˿ԼһҲƴˡ
磺ʲôһȥǰ棺ҸĻᣡ
üһθˡ˵꣬ŵԻȥԼ䡣
Դˣ͸оԼҾã鷿ȥˡ
粻ȫ˵죬˳ŴһԾʧˡ
ʱ䳤ˣҲ͡ϰˡ
һĴͼСͼǵվ·ʱǷֲ巽
û취ֻܿصĹ˳糵
վһԶͳһϤӰһΣƶб档Ǹ˲֪ں˭˵ʲôֻƵƵЦΧ˺ϰһ㣬ȫ⣬ȹĵȹϹҲŶȥ
ߵ˽٣绹ûȳǸ˾ͻȻתͷˡ
˲۾һæĹ˵绰ôﰡ
ԴǸ˵ӡͲ̫ãк籾ܵĲתȴ˳Լǰˣûзôƶȥġ
ЦӭǸµ˵ļΪʲôûм㣿
粻ش𣬺һ
һҲ⣺ôô棬ҪҪȥ
áܾƹǸȥһߵȳվﲻ֪ʲôʱѾʣ
ҲǻˡЦ˵ҽкҽԺҽ˵䣬Ǹߵǰ˾벻Ǽܹģһ˲䣬õԤС


9

˵ٶ̫ˣһڵ̫ˣٶȱһ˿һ
ʶһ㣬վָŽҪվĹǸ
ôɣҲǡһľȣ˰ءֻ˵ġ
ĹͻȻףʲô뷨ָһ˵Ҳ˵ɵģ
ȹͣȣĿǰһȻŹȥȥͶȻλϡȫȻȫǹ
ϾҪĩ೵ˣ˲࣬һվ󣬲֪ô³ʣˡʱ̧ͷȥǸתͷԼЦ
תͷ⡣һվȥԼҪȥҽԺԽԽԶ˾ˣСҪȥİⶼ쿪յվˡ
λɡЦţһ˿ײһ˾Ѿˡ
Сﰡھһ
һ£ɱٶȡ
ͷһʱ·ܽԱߵԣ׼һһԾʧˡ
ûãͬĵطֳһˣվ˼뿪
ֱȷˣŲ辣һԾ¡
ˣԲƽˡ翴뿪ķ΢΢۾
֪ʲôˣһΣʧԭء
ûãǸո뿪ֳ֣ڵϲ֪ڿʲôЦ⡣
֪ϳȥˣҲ⣬ָֻһ˵ڣ¼˸űڰ̨š
̾һ˶õʱһɫ˲Ͳˣ㲻ǳȥôֻˣ
˵ʱһǰ鿴
𶯡纰ſɳϴŴ
ô£üĽһԵĺֶ֪ãѾ棬翴ȥҲ쳣ܡ
ҡǸˡһ仰û˵꣬Ѿ亹ֱˡȻҲѾܵĺ䤱
סͣһ£˵Ǹʼûӡ󣬵ΪʲôӡôҲǹǸ飺ǲǡ
Ѿ۵òУоǸ߾Ϳһ㣬һһİƤʴȻһ㣬͸ĵ׵ʹСȸкԽıײһоԼѾһΣֱ
ҪץһЩ۾Ѿģ壬ǰѾģҪץס֣ȴʱ򴩹ȥˣˣǹ
ʱѾ˴ϣǿͷĴϣͷŽ
ҡû¡翪ڣЩ
Ȼ֪ûˣˣһڣҪͱץȥˡ
û뵽Ȼһʱ£һƵһߣǶ̫˲ɫʹࡣ
˵һֱվһԵ濪ڣ㻹ǵø˭𣿡
ǡ뿪ڣȴͻȻ벻Ǹ˵ˣֻϷ£ȴˣ˵Сǵãȴ˵׼ȷĻƺڶϣȴģˡ
üȻҩǴ
ʲô˼ʡ
ģû¡ĵģֻƽҩһĹҩ䲻䣬ǸıһЩ֣ǰѹǸ˵ݺһЩ˵ĻĨȥˡ
վ˽ʴǵʹŬĻ룬ЩһֱڣǱģ壬Ǹ˿ڵģ벻֣һֶ벻
硣ͻȻҵ
ǵõģ롣˵ŬĻ䣬Щ
˯һɡ濪ڣͷȥһĵһ̧Ѿڴϡ
һӶѾڴϡ
δǽţڣĸоͨˡ
ĵĿһתͷȥ˵ɡ
ͷһһԿļţô˲𣿡
ҡͷȳȥˡ
ˮ¡
һ׿ˮüҪţ̣
ɫһ䣺Ѿȹˡ
졣
ûа취ȥ̣ûţֻ̡̣
ҲԡЦĽӹȥȲĴ򿪡
£ʲô
ĬһſڣһƫϲǺţȻȵǣǸ˾͹ԼˣΪϣǵظߡ
˶ֽ˵ǹˣҪǱضʴǵʹֻоӡ
ڣ
û£ʱˡ˵ǸҩűԺҵ
û¾ͺãһ
ֻǡ滰һתʱһˣļʱûбӡ滹в֤ǸĻҹ
ǡҪãʡ
Ű˸°ɡ̧ͷ˵Ȼļϲһ£ֿĵȥ̡
˲ǲǴ˸Ĵ粽Ŀ磿
һͷ˵Ҳʹɡ
Ͱ˸²ˣ
ûлȥԣȥڵĿͷ
һμôͻȻʼʱʲôСģ˵ҲǡڻЩſˣҲǽ
ȥ˵ĵطһֻûѾ˹ȥ
֪ǷйΪۼöΪʵ
ˣͺ绹һʵʱˣһѡ
һùӸϡ룬˯ɣ˯ô˵ɡ
磿еǰӰģ壬Ǽ·ϴģǾ硣
磿ŽһûκηӦ
˵ľ벻ӿŲƽ롣ߵƺûиоڽͬһĿǰ
оԣס硣
תͷȴ磬һźİϸ۾Сüë°ͣеĸоž⣬һЦͻȻŴ˹
һ־һƣȴһ䴩ֶѾ˹
һͷײ˵ϣ
ô˯Ƶģֲòҽȥأ˵껹Ц
Դӵվ绹ڴûûεЦﲻɵһֳһֽźۼĲĵ亹
ոյΣ̫ʵϵĴлڡ
翴ɫͳţ춼˵û°ɣجˣ
û˵ְѴ̺óȥˡ
ô˰ô˯һͱˣƮںš
˵˼ǸüΪʲôΣ̫ˣܾ˼ȥ롣
תͷ磺ûôīĹ
磺ܿľһɣ
ҧݺݵĵ磬̾һϱˡ
ΪΣһľ񶼲̫ã¼Ҳо磬һѾˣ⣬֡
룬ô˵أ


10

ſɳϼǰĹѪӾ磬ӭ˴֣ʮ༯ġ桭룬ΪŮֵߡݼãԻ̨
һβŮõҸ翪ĵһӶӻ˲ʱʧѾƮ⣬̽һͷЦţҿԽ𣿡
¼ͻȻ˶һתͷǿƾճֵͷ­ſڣɡ
ٺһЦƮߣڸʲôٵתһȦԼֻش𣺡㲥簡
ĸоԼˡ
̨¼
ƮڰգȫעĿ¼
ò˵ƽʱƢٲãվӿÿһδʶôᡣ
ǣص̲סĽгᰡ
ͣס̧ͷ磺ȥ
ֱܾǸòãôܳȥ
Ǿͱ죬ʵʵ
ǡͷԼŲ˵صĽšѰ
Դ絽ⷿľԲȥģ¼豸ᵽ档
ͱ죬ԼͿƮתתȥķתת￴
Ĵܶ࣬ǣûϸȥҵĹ졣ÿθһͱϳȥˡ
ѵõôͳι۸
ռһ룬ļҵģұСȫȴ̨ȥһش£һΣһһײߣõĵطһ齣ǿȥֻһ裬ɫ޳ë̺СһĿ
۾һһר¼һ˵档
ʽоë̺ʣϲ˼Ȧޱȿģι۱ĵط
ֻ˵ǹ죬鷿ȴԼǷһ񣬶ҺԼ붼ģȻһ㲢ӰĲι顣һص㡣
һ͹״ͻǷţȻмƽ֣һǴ󴲣һڴĵط
һȦƮߣʱѾ¼
羪ȣô죿
Ȼأһ۲˵ʲôѾˣóԷˡ磬ʡİóԷ
Ȼ粻ԣǣʱǸŲ͡
ҪֻĻϵһˡ
·
ҾҪǸһӣոյĲ˳Ļϡ

̧ͷǹܳ𣿡
š룺һӣӰһ˵ԼǸĶʳľͱˡ
ԲС
Ȼô˵ǻǵµǮ翪ĵ̨ϿĵĹȥۣôû׷󡣡ǲԾǡ
ʱһֱһ˷ܵ״̬УһʱҲֲ絽ΪǸ˻Ϊ̫ϲ齡
ʱ̧ͷҿ˯𣿡۾ž⣺ĴԶԿҵģ𣿡
ȻΪϲ齶ô˷ܡ롣
𣿡׷ʣһġӦɣӦɡһ֮ѾԼǰ
⣬ҾСһֻȥʱ䡣
Ѿ˷ܵ˻ȥϼȥһۣһǡĻû˵Żڴ磬ͻȻоһè䣬ܺá
Ȼãͷ뷨
õﰲԷһķڷĶ棬֮һξ룬ɿԿϾʵı顣
˶ſ棬һ۾Ͳٿڶۡ
ΪһֱᰢģһּۣӿٶȳԼķ
֮Ӿ涼ƭ˵ġͰ͵ĿζŲ
ɶո㡣¿ǰڣȻͷҲصĻȥҡ
磺
һӺ󺰣һһأô˵Щɥ
һֻҡͷôˣǻҴŶûˡΪ˵ԸӦʱ˴
ϣҪ緹
λһԳЦѽҳԵʣȻ粢ûгԣңζûŵ
ϾС˸չȥ
磺㵽жɣ
׼󷽷ġƮһ׼ϴ˯ͻȻоãԼȳȥһ°ɡ
翴һҲƵƮȥ
ȥһ۾ͿһĨɫ
Цһ£ȥһ¡
ۿȥûǸܸоȵģ
統ʱ뷴һҲͼһװʲôװǣΪԼԺʵܡ
ٺһЦЩֺõ˼㲻֪ⲻ쵽ҡȡ
ʲôƨɣתͷӻ֣ȥǰһΡ
룬в𣿱Ŷܷؽ
ǲˣȳȥܱ˵ɡ
Ӻ󣬷һĶҲɨһӻ
ûһվڿɨһۣûˡԸоڿʱȻ
͵һۿӷŵһӻ΢һ
ܣվԭؿʼ1.
Щԥ
3.
磺и2أ
ˣûˡ
һԹԵĴӵӻ
ŵһ㶼ûı䣬񶼴źݾǸо粻Ǹ͵ؾҵĴô£
ҡͷ֪
֪ҧźʣ㣬ҵļһ˭ѵԼɣ
ǡҲһԽԽڵˣ绹Ǿܰɡ
ӻָԭӣȻһ㶮ġ
ƮȥѴָԭӡ
챾Ǵһģ˭˵ôǺһЩ£ټ·ֵǸ齣¾͸ˣҪϴ˯µʱѾˡ
Ǹʱ룬ȻܸıʲôǾȡɣܺһͻǻء
Ӻ΢΢һͷڣˡ
Żȥҡ
ڴϣԼǱģҲǷŵģ涼ǷģǸʱǵøУȫûˡ
ţʵʵſԼϣոյŭһ룬ֻһ䡰ġͻش˯ˡ
ʵܶʱͲ˯ģ˹һں֪ģʱÿ϶˯ţʱΪǸձɹ̫ʧߣǲǹǰ˯ϻģٺ֪Ǹ˯ġ
Ժÿ϶ǿź컨嵽ġ
βͬԿҹ
̨һشɾ¹ŵ⣬ϲˣתſŴ˵ɹԺĵ飬Ǿˡ
ϣ
ձһŭȫƻˡ緭ŰһӣصĴˣһ
תͷ΢΢Цһֱͺˣ


11

˯ʱһ⣬һ˿˿УشԶּһĴ棬һƬףֳֻ°ͣȿŴ⡣
棬Ѿƽȵĺ
ǰĩôģش𣺡¼ھͲˡ
һϾͻֵĲ˵磬¼鶼ûˡ
粻֪˵ڼȦ̲סˣ̨ʱȥ
أͻȻһֱͣڰУһ֪ʲô
һԼ¼ĸ
׵СϸͻΪԼ֪豸»ģôңһĻ˵ϲ
֪Լŵˣڵϰվš
һʱôˣǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԾԼƮȥˡ
ߵʱǸӰļ򡭡֪ôأŴʸ嶼û¼ˡ
Ӻ⴫һЦ͵ӻŵĲһЩ顣֪ѾһˣҲϰĳ֡
ǰľ硣
ΪʲôʣΪʲôҪÿ춼ߡ
šش
Űָϵĵԣûڲ𣿡
ۣ治Ĵκۣ˵͵ҵģ㲻ˡ
죬粻鲻ԸĴӦаɣһ㣬㲻ֹҵʬ塭ޣҵ塣
СûĻȥ̫Σˡ
ҲӦġ
˾˰죬̾һҽԺѰ⣬Ϣһȥû͵ʵʵĴߡ
һϲͷӦϾǹȥ㣬ҲȲĿ졣
粻ÿһҽԺȥûôʱ䣬Ҳûôྫ
˸ԴﵽԼҪģɽȻԷ翴Է
ڶһ磬յĶţ˰
ûأһ
Ʈ˹Ұȥ
һĵһֱɡ
ʲôЩȣǿûʲôصı
ڣơȻԹԽ
յģͬǿݣһµַĵַĳģǣһʹˣϲҪҲһԼԹܻҪüĿô鷳ǾǡͻȻ뵽μʱһֱߵˡ
ֱϣյϢȷ
Ǹݾ渽һȲݲݵ˵飬žԽȥ°ˡ
һɻ󣬵ǾԺɻ٣ϾһȽøءôһǵҲˣһ˱
٣Ĺ˾һֱﴫ
ûлشһֱһ㡣
ûش죬ûȤתȥܣԼվһԲεм䣬ܶǾ޴֣Ǹоһֱ󼸰ٱȻվмһԵôС
Ĵ˿˺ɫҲûбˣֻͷһ⣬̧ͷţɢ΢¹⣬ɫ׶ģ˵ָоǾǸ˺ĸо
ͷˣЩͷΧǵĹáͻȻ洫һ᲻صû̧ͷ㴫ˡ
Գˡ
Ȼһ죬΢⽥һѾ
绷ܣֻһŴİ칫ԶĴмֲռ䶼Ǽ򵥵ĺڰɫΨһĲɫҲֻСˣ
תһȦŻİ칫Һÿ
һ硰ʵ㡣
ߡתͷȥ档
硣ڡ
磺
ܣУǻ
оôԼСӵĸоأҲˣһֱڼţл԰ˣʹʹĹ䡣
ӦһŶʧڰ칫С
ԴˣѾԹˡ
򿪴ͨͨ磬ȥ˱ȣȻʼһĹ
ճȥͿһһһʱƮȥ
֪ûŮѡ
϶ûа㿴ʲôʱ˵ˡ
Ҳһ㿴׼ʱ°ˣǰа
ǡ˵Ҳǡ
Ȼһеģ˵۵ܼϲܣ
һ仰оΧըˣһŵӣҡͷ˾һôҲô࣬Ϣͨҵ̫˰ɣ
ո̾ͿĴӰ칫˶ʱƺЩȣҲֻһ˲䣬ȻڣСģͬ׼ôˣ
ǸոλİУﲻסЦ⣬쿴ȥȴһۡ
һ类С˲ƵƵͷȥá
ɨһˣŸʲôȥ
״ɢȥһʱҲֻʣһ˻վԭء
ָȻȥˡ
硰ǽԼȥɣ룬Լˣ뻹Ǵȥʡ
ĴƮȥͷȥÿ£ң
ͻȻðһһһ㻬ȥѭȥǸĻһǲǽˡӿ㣬Ҫˣһļϣٺݺݵһ٣
𣿡׷ʡ
ǡһתͷȥ
֪ǽŸճͱлȥôջԴİõļε
һջ񻹲٣ľǰˣرǿеġܡһ棬ر֪
磬ʳóԷ
һλ¡
ûһȻΧ϶֮
ȻʳóԷˣ
һôмλã
ҵ찡ԭϲز˰
˵СľҲ࣬ôԶľ뵱ȻǹأôСľʲôǱ߿λõ˵ʲô
һʣƽʱʲô
ش𣺡ʳʲôʲô
ʣƽʱʳó𣿡
żڡ
ǾǾˣ룬ΪŽ͵ɣ㲻ᡭ
Ҳڰ
ͻȻһŮ̧ͷЦŵͷЩġͷȥͻȻֵŮ
ŮͻȻһЦҿ𣿡ָλá
һ磬ͷԡ
һӣЩըˣûŮ¾Ѿվˡ
ԶǸոŮĶ
ܼȥˡ
ܼ·İɣϲɫ
ڣˣԭԼһȤİǸܼܺԭǰλ
ǱߵŮСۣѾˡ
Цݺۣ翴˾ͲʺЦңÿǲʲôʱôкõĶЦˣһ뵽͸оƽ˲䶼еɭĸоΧͻȻ硭
ҪȻоһȣ˲оá


12

ָо̫ϤϵѾģʹ粻ǡһ˲䣬Ժ뵽ľӡ
ѾԹԭֻǿһ£û뵽֣Ļһ߿ǲӸо־úЦһ߻Ҫش֣⡣
ҪԺ˰ɣ֣Цʡ
ûϵЦһ£оΧЩ䣬һ̧ͷͿռ䶼Ȼֻάּ룬Ϸ粻ԾΪı˾ţûκ׼ͻȻԭʧˡ
ԭʧûйģһ˲ģ˲̫ſȥ
ȥﰡ
ֻһͷγɣһ˲ﻻһط
Ϥ¥ݼ䡣
ϵȴʹԽԽأѾǽڴϢûкǣΪʱܵķӦ
ͷȥֻŵĽףȵŻɫ΢⣬Ƿ֣ɷĿʱѾû뿴ΨһҪľǶڵȸи̫಻ÿʱÿ̶ɿʧȥĸо约£ֻκ˽Ӵ
һߣܳѾ˲ô࣬ʼŲңܶصĵط˸飬ʱȥԽãĵǾԽ࣬˵˼ǺŵĹױҵǹϲǺţȻƾζһȻûн͸̫࣬Уѱ֤һ˾̫ͱˡ
̫üʱֻ֣ڣȷ֣Ϊ˵Ǹˣһˡ
һ뵽ϻȥ֪ҲԶǰ죬ܻȥǾͻڹ˾пܵľİ칫Ҹ
ܡСû뵽һݾˣһʱ仹Щţн
˾ʲôڡʣСڹ˾һʵʱĿʲô鶼ǵһʱ֪ǰ̫ԣ̫ϲڣޱϣСĿٰһ㡣
аոһСָһ£Ǳߺ̸֣š
ͷС˵ѾǸȥִæӣټ
Сǿ˲õ飬һŨصİӱԼųȥ
ԽԽ죬ЩСȷڳڹ˾Ƿйϵ粻ڣеĲ²ⶼܱ֤ʵһܣҲԸ
ȣﾲĿ£һһ㣬ΧֻʣĴæĽŲһһ£ûϡ
ٴʧ⣬ԽԽ죬һ±һǿңƺҪš

һѹʹ΢֪ôģ˲ͣסŲǸֲˡ
תͷԴڲԶ¥ݼ䡭Ŀܾöûκ·ոǸļʱֵĻ񡣲ڹּͣӿŲϹȥ
ǲϳڶеĽŲԶֽԶȥջûȡȷȴҲϣֻǸ˲ܾ
ֻǣǸʳõûи̫˼ʱ䣬һʹϮ˺һʹҲѹƲסг
ٶȸϹȥȴһǸ˸뿪
ֻʣһ˵İ칫ңţأ
ʲôˣ֣ΰʡ
ʳЩͻҡҡͷû£Ȼȥˡûи֣ΰٿڵĻᣬֱתȥ
һĵȻڹŵ˲ʧӰ١ûǸ˭Ҳûҵ硣
һﲻ֪ʲôоûдǲǾͲˣ˿ͻȻЩڣûʱߡ
Żȥ·칫ȥ
һʹң·Ҫ˺ãһһǿң󱬷£Ѿвֻʣ뿿ǽҧͦš
һϣܿˣκ˶ãֻҪܿͿԡ
ԵȻһ΢ŵСĶﶼըһڣʹȼС̧ͷˣ۾ǺܶӰ·
ǿһЦݣ򡭡
ʣµļ֣о˵˳ԼȴûκҪһЩǰԽڰ
ڱǰǸˣϲ뽹ƺҲڽ֡
һΣ֣ôôۡ
ȴҲ̧
һΣڷԼǰ޲ߣЩң֪ô졣ǹˣһ̱Լ˰˰ٱ飬Ϊ⡣ǹûоЩףǹûйϵ
ֻǣڣǽǴߣ򵥵ƺ
Ǹǽϣкָܶץĺۼ֪ܳոôõʱôģһÿÿ붼꣬һϣְɣ
߬Լģóֻͨ绰
ٶûü룬ֱӴס
͵ˣվſڡ
һͷϸİһ㲻ǰҲһ䣬ڣֱѾܾûжˣҲԽԽš
ȥɡ˵óԿ׸ɾĿţûһ˿顣
ٽҲƽ޲
ô˰ôÿ춼°ûйͷһϣǣûоܾҲûκεĲ͡
һУ߾ˣˣ
ͷȻһҡͷ
ɶһͷµпҡͷֵͷֱӶðطˡ
ߵɳϣ˸ɳ˲һˣʱӦڸֻûп
ᣬ̧ͷⶼ20֮˰ɣ
˵ͷûʲô£ֲǻҷ𡣡
˵꣬ܵһĿ⣬вʶԼ˵ˣԹԵֻȥߡ
ӡڵģûʲô£ϢϢͺˡ浭ڣ԰æܿʱǵø
֪ûǷˣͷлл硣
濴ſڣֵܼ䣬
ٴλصһɳϡ
԰ɵһμʱȻЩСǻЩþء
֪û£Ķˡֵ˻ֱ̧սڲֻ뿪
ĹδϣĸоȸУʹĸоѾûУеֻŵֵ粻
Ծķ˸ͻȻһ٣͵
ܵĻ̫ϤСʱǰͷ΢ҹ£ͬεĹӰƺƶˣһЩƫҲ硣
û˲ĸоŶ˶첲Ҳûκβʡ֪ȥˡ
ȻǺΪʲôᷢ£һʱϵķⶫйء
̧ţȥһĽףʲôûУΪԼۻ۾ûС
űеĻ̧ͷ֪ڿʲô

13

ϵֱĿ£ûСʱЩĲɣǼͻῴһֱǣûκ춯
ȻֻҪκζ֪
ڣѾСʱˣȫûκ춯
ЩסҲòȴ
ʧȥǰһֱ̣д΢춯
ûκ뷨һʱ䰴һڶ棬ƮڰУͷάĶȻ־ˣջء
תͷĿĿ
δһĿ⣬һʱﾹЩңȴ֪ʲô
Σſڣǲ֪ʲô

磺ϳһӡǣǲǹˣ
һֽ˲ֻۣûпڣͷ˺ֽͶͰ
ڣסˣһ˵ǰסϵĲϣٲ˵Ҿҧ˰
𣿡̧ͷƺֻصǰ
ͷһ£ƺܡһӶܣ϶֪ʲôҡ
֪綼Ҫ֪ģ˽Ĳ֪֪Լһİ˱ǡ
Σ
㡣粻ͷĴߴš
ɲ壬ùһϼ
磺㲻ˣå
ǣⲻص㣬ĵĻǸӡǵ⡣
һֵǰ㲻˵Ҿһֱ㡣
һۣ
ɲġ
ЩϵĶڣûꣿ
СꡣſڣСĶֲİͿڡһһȿ޻ѿء
Ҳûʱˣһתý
ٺһЦ˫һžת˹ȥһͬСġ
һɺһЦſ֡
עӵĸо̫ˣرǻԼ˾Сļǲһһġ
磬ܲӵЦˡ
һЦһۡ
Сĸһ£֪Լǵүˡ
һһͳСĵߣһĺ󱳣ø󣬺εĴЦ
ֱһۣʵ㡣
ҡԺʵСĶڡ
һ磬һѳСĶȥɡ
־һ㣬һתСľܵſڣȻһʧˡ²᲻صĹһô˾Щ˼͸СƵģ
ٲʵѺָϵֱ
죬ƮȥңҾʵ
̾Ҫ֪ҲҪ
Щѣأ
ûˡ򵥣ˡ
Ĭһ绹ǲģܸ֪һЩɣһҲ԰˵ָСֵָȻš
Ĭһ̧ͷ´ٳҪصѺ
磺Ȼأ
ûˡ
磺ûˣ
ͷûˡ
֪ǰǲڵܶʱǸСһ˵ʲôʲôĿɰһЩ룬ɰɣ
ûµæĹ˲ʱȥε
˵εҲ׼ȷΪεĿĵģĿĵġ
һ·ȥܶˣ簤һ£ڲԶҵʳðԵλ΢΢һЦƮȥһ¡
ߵͦõ˲֪ôͻȻͬʱһ£ʢģ޹ʵĸоһ䡣໥һۣ˵ʲôֲ֪ôڣٵתͷ뿪
Цȥ
ߵһţſҪҵˡ
ֻͷһˣллȻ
һתǸ칫ҡ
˺Ů˵İ칫ҾǲͬĵһоȻ̧ͷȥǸˣĿⷢ䣬һƮȥڰ칫Ͻ뿴֣
ƫͷȥ֣ȷʵֲЦˣô뿴̲סء
֣۾ܺÿģʲôʱűĶִЦģرˡ
һԱȣˡ
תȥ֣İ칫ңҲɫֲҺǺ칫ҵһⲻòıġ
ۿȥԷרĵĹ
һҲûʲô˼һȦԸȤ뿪ˡ
ܼ࣬°ˡͻȻһ飬ѵ
š֣ӦŴļ̧ͷ𣿡
ûСش
ȥʲôʱߡ
áӦ˳ȥ
磺ǲҪż
Ҳûô࣬һ·ƮŻȥ
칫⣬ô֣ƺ
粻ò˵ͦİ
̲סչȥһ¡
ܽôأ
ҪӰĽడ
һиԼأױҶˡ
СģܽЩģһǹɡ
磺ĺ𣿡ƲƲ죬ԷŮЦһ£쿪ˡ
ǣô棬뵽˭˭
һѾվǰɫƺ̫ð
ٺһЦ°ࡣ
ҪΧͬ£뿪
ɨܣûмӰѡ
ԭװģһ仰Ҷſˣȥ칫ңȲʰˡ
о⹫˾סˣرһ쵼ë
Ȼ⻰ɲ˵Ҳ룬ʵʵûȥ칫ҡ
һţǲǸоѺʲô¶û˰ģʵʵ㣬ҲעܳȥŲҹգ
죬ʹԴ
һͨҲЩڣ죺Լ֪ʲô߱ȥϹεȹȥȥ
ٺһЦˬӦһƮߣҪ°𣿡
šͷֿһ磺ʲô˵
ٺһЦദôãÿĳʲôڿ϶Ҫ
Ҳװ٣һ㶮ҡ񣺡£
Ҹɡ֣ûļ
ôɰƲ죺ҽ붵硣
һ˼Ŀ磺˵Ѷݸˣ
һۣˣ̲סߴ٣㡣
Ȼûлش𣬵ǻǼӿٶȡ
ʱȥſڣһȦֻ㡣
ӣ֪¡Ȼ˵Ǿ͵Ȼʡʲô鶼ﲻס
޴ߴµͣȡֱ·ŴѺڸʻŶӴЦһûС
ϰһĿתĿǰĵ·
Цˣͣˣſڣ˵ɡ
ٺһЦתոиҪ°żȻ󡭡Ļû˵ǣ۾תһǵóѺĵ⣡
ҡҡͷôɵΪۡƺԷûֹͣ
ҲǵһμôĻ˰翴һôĺ²ģ
ĲκζԷһֱʲͣûͣµ˼
ûС˵һ̣תȥһ꣬ͣó
ſڳ⿴㿴ǲˡ
Ųһͣ֡
Ʋ죬һԾʧ


14

ջ֣һֱı棬ſȥ
ڱм䣬̵ģ֪ڿʲôʵԼ֪ڿʲôǾǿġ
һ֣ŵӣβסЦЦ
ֱһ᲻صûƲƲ죬Ļ롣
֪ʲôЦͲ
˷ؼҡ
һţͱŵӻȥһӶ򿪣׼ȷǸ̨
һ飺Ѫ
һ㲻ӣʲộʱѪ
ԴˣֱһŶֱۣŹİȥҡ
磺٣ܿ⹷Ѫ磬ˡ
شģֻй
ɳš¹İȻǴ¹·紹Ŀһһֻֻɹȵϡ
žˣȫָЩϰֱеͨѶ¼ҵֻţһƮȥ̨
̨֮һȫţֻҪһϣĶȫڡ
˲ǺܾãǱ߽
ң翪ڣҲûк˵ʱ෴Щͳ
ǱƺЩ⣬ֲôǿҵ⣺ʵģȫ֪ĵ绰⣬Ҳӣֱӿ˵ˡ
⵹ЩˣӴҲĳǾ͵ġ
ȻԷżɽˣҲûбҪٸӣû˵ʵ
棺û˵Ϊãǵ£Ҳ졣
磺
Ȼ绰ǰ뵽˻绹ǲûɱˣ翴ǸĪ޹ʧӡͲʲôΪʲôҵϣΪʲôʹУģļ׷ʲô
һ磬Դȫ⼸⣬ػصţǱװ£ҲܷϣǼ¡
磺ңΪʲôҲ֪
˵֪ΪãôôīأǱһźֻ˶ߣȻһͷ
籾һ㣬Ȼ֪ôǻǺ£ֻ֪
˳Ǻˣʲô֪ģֲǡǱͻȻȻһ
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죬Ǳߴһ̾ûгɹİɡ
ûеʣ˵绰
һˣƮڰյֻ
ǺţǲǾǸӡǣ췢һֱԺһֱΪԼȫǵãϸ벻Ǹ˳ʲôӣҲ벻˶˵ʲôеĳ׼ȷЩϸڣȫģȥʱŵʹʼģ
˺ѵĸоҲʱ䣬
һĿתͷȥԣȥֻ
ɨһۿûˣǵӻڷţ̨۾һ飬Բе̨ôģѵݶұú
һ仰ֳΣҪظΣһҲݲʲôҪظ뼯
ֵģҲϲˣ
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ĳһ£ǽϵ磬Ǹӣ̫ҪʧˡȻϲīӣҲϲԼ󣬻ϲ£ǻǲ¡
٣Ͷ̥ǰϣ簲Ȼġ
Ҹ
ͻȻٿת˲˿ͬʱŭȥˣŵӻ˾ûˣ֪֪
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ͻȻĿһۣոŭɢˣۡ
һҪҵҧҸףץҵҾȰ˩
ҧгݵӣͻȻһɣûгĵӣѾܺˡ
Ժ󲻿ӱ𿪣˷ѵֲ֪֪Ǯ֪ۡ
Ʋ죺費Ǯ
սһһ٣ҵǮԸ⡣
˵꣬ת뿪ȥԡҡ
磺ߣϴһҾͽȥ
ƺͻȻͷСҹա
ŭ˲һ롣
ǿѺԭǸΪ˸ģڵǸһ룬͹ؽգôоʹ÷˲𰡣
߷ߵػصɳϣҲ֪Ѻ˭ģǡ̫ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ſڱϵ˸磬ëһϣϴ費ɣŸð𣿡
Ĺһᣬļ
һ˵ļ̧ͷٹǹſ˰ɣ
棺š
ЦĿ棺ҪҪȥ棿
ǰĵӾ粥ֻ꣬ʣһһĹ棬һһļٻһ֣˵ӻһԡңԷƺû˼
ЩģҲĽȥԡңֻûȥϡ
ʱͿһ˷ܣ
û뵽ôϲǸ齣ҲֻǸоյװһ¶ѡ
ͣ¶̧ͷϴˣ
ôߣֱƮһҲ裡
ֱһëȥָоʹ죬²֡ȻѾϣ˵Ҳǰһ档
Էƺһ˺ûУǸոյı顣
ͷϴȥ
Ĵһֻе׼ȥһ絽ĵˡ
ûеõҪĴ𰸣㬵Ʈȥ˳ϴ
ոջǵķ䣬˲úڰޱߣǣɵ
죬ڹ˾εǱ˹ء
ڣڰ칫ҵʱֻŻҶָŲ棺֤ʱ̧ͷܿ㡣ͣһ£ҳȥҲ뿪ʮףԲʮ֮ڣҪǸܣȥѺСʱ
磺ôо˼
𣿡
˿̣ͻȻСĵĸоˡ
㻰أش𣡡ɵӡ
ͷ
ּһ䣺ҿԸС𣿡
̧ͷʲô˵Ϳ硣
Ҿ͸оͦģ
עִ硣
ˣֺһЦһļ棬ûʹУǡ䡣о
̧ͷǰѾûӰ棬Ĵܡ
̾ʱ磬ĵСһ
ֿһŵͷ
һ磬綼ûл칫ңػص˺üˣζɨˣƺֻ·Ҳûʲô£ǡ˺£
ÿοȻ֣Ȼ΢Цžʹ˹ȥ
˶ڿûش̧̧֡
˲ףһЦô˵ҿܸͦɵİ
߹תϵı˲л硣
СˣȥˡһӾҪ˵̣ܲˣϽ롣
ĥ̫ˣ

15

˵ǰ˭ôù
˱ȣһֱСߣżһһ¶Էļ򣬶Сһ£ǵĴЦ
ԽԽûˣ
緹ǰ绹ǹԹԵĻˣһ綼棬ƺܺãʱлŲ֪ĸ衣
졣
ۣĽԷ㻹̬ȣˣ
̧ͷŶƮŵ磬ϻһЩˣ߰ɡ˵źļƹ칫ſȥ
磺ȵҰ
ֱǰߡ
ԷʱλŮˣһ·˵飬⣬ôŲ̣̬ǧˡ
λϣĻ˵ҲǣӰ
Σֻ
ҲˣΪʲôôطϲӰⲻв
ֻǣûʣǰԶ߹һˡ
һµ濴㿴ǡһתͷͿǰ棬ǸԵԽ档
ͷͿ
Ʋ죺ûŮ۾쳤˼ˡ
תͷĿȻĵͷԷ
ͷһЩߡ
̧ͷš
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Ȼľ֮һͻŵܿˡ
ڼ䣬һ仰û˵ˡ
Ҳں˸ط¡
죬ſڣ˼𣿡
أüˣԶһ㡣
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ˡЩͷ֪Ҳ˵һӣʧˡ
Ÿնڵķˣ˲ûθڡ
ճžԷСġ
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СˣȻֱ߹壬˸¡ЦոЩĲûһ㣬ȫȥԺ
ճָСĽ
߼¾һСģյȻһ£ĴЦ
Ų̵һ٣ѭ̧ͷȥಽĸС󡣶СȻǲ֪ĴڣͣشŸ첲ȡů
ʢ˵໬ˡ
ǵЦ
ȴԽԽڡ
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СĶһ£ܣѾʵˡ
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Īģ󣺡¡ͻȻһӴŵСĵͬʱһȻǰ߹ԹԵ¡
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죬ŲԸ¡
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죺ղŲҪôֳˣ
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翴Сģֿһ£ϵĸСȥˡ
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Ѿ˵˽һͣתңҡ
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һʱ䣬ﾹһ˿ɬ֪Ӻζ
ûڶ֣߳ȥ칫Һܿͽ״̬ȫעļϣܿʹһ롣
̧ͷѾȥСʱˣѺ棬ûκγ֡
Щ֣Ըôô̧𣬸ȥûκζߵûС
ЩţûѺôʱ䣬ϴε⣬Ǵʵ
̫ఴһ¿İǰȥȫûпӰѺûӦ
ʱЩţ֪ô£Ͻժϸš
ֱһߵİֱǿ͹صģʱԷؾͿ԰ս
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ȷĶһֱܽڰ벻оһ£ǰȥ
Ҳ֪ʱȥãһжǺڰģָоߣҲƲס
ǣûģֻǸɺɤѾˣ˵Ĺ죬ЩëȻ
ǸԺɺһоˣϽ¿ļӷ
һûü壬һˡ
ûֱ̫࣬׷ȥ
ֱȣԼ֪ȥ
һʱ䣬ҲоոӺˣô粻Աô飬ûȨԤ

16

ԺһӦǲ޵ӣˡ
ȵ䣬žӿԼһᶼûУʱ죬
οûġ
εһŻȥڼ俴СĶû˶Ū顣
ȥʱ̽ͷȥǵȫעĿеļ
죬̫ˣڵ״̬Ǹһ
ܣôĴ⣬һǽͽȥˣȻүİ칫ϣŶˣǸ
Ҳû뵽ôʽǰһʱЩܲˣת룬ʲôʱĳǰһμ涼ô¡
̧ͷԲ𡣡
Σֵ羪ˣЩദ˵ƢˣƢû׼˵־ҲӲףԲǸˡô׾ɿˣȫʶ
òʲôаɣ롣
ûĥҪʲôУֿˡ
ûκιϵҲٹ㡣
㿴ǸĻ˵ģ˲ŵڶûŮѡ
һĭȻָűӴ㵥һӣ
ǣĻʵ粻֪ΪʲôͻȻѹͻģûκ׵ѹһ˲ϯǵصģ۾ɬ
Ҳףѹǲˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãŴԼǿһЦݣŶ̫ˡӦǺܿ˷ܵһ仰ûκθоֻش仰
һͷ
ҲãǵĻҪֵĿһЩǹǸı䲻˵ʵˣˣǵӦҲܵЩˡ
ȥ⣬ڵһһǶˣԺٹܾˡ
磬ڲԶɳϣͷ֪ʲô
Ҳ֪ô£ͻȻͱӣԼҲ˵ΪʲôͱǲΪ̫ѹܣˣԲ˵ô˵Ļ
ϣҲԹԵĸŻȥȫһĻԱӡ
иԪڣǰ֪¡
˵ǸʱŴ󿪣ظĹ궼еĻȥˣҲгйġ
ʶſʱĳȥϰࡣ
Ȼ˵˲ٹΪİȫÿ춼ÿȥҲûκˡ
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⼸ҲԼʡһ£ʱЩˡشĻҲ
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ǣҲҪˣӦǾʹˡ
ٺһЦĲ˲ʧ¶ˡ
ޱĿһ磬תʱṴһƺҲƲסһ㣬ЦüȫȾЦ⡣
ЩȻĿȫ档
ڸȥǰһѵ߶
תͣ£ȥߣҲֻ䣬ȥ
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ǰӦĺܺãǽȥʱ򡭡ССһ¡
̫ˡұ黹࣬һԴСһԴǡͻȻһԶջȥ
תͷȥԼʱദˣͻȻоϱ黹ࡣ
ѭӽŵ£һֱԹԵĸߣ㿴ĶҲš
λϵһƪۣ綼ˣҲͦģӰ
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һ춯ܺᣬҲע⵽ˡһ˵ȫ
ȫ۾Ǹţһ϶̫ҲûˡҶ˼һͬתȥš
ֻо䡣
ڣԼû
ۿ֮ǰһֻɫһ£ǸȻֻ֪һ¼š
Ǹ˳ŷ϶ǰͣһ£һֱṴЦЩаȣһ˲ĺ󱳺ëȫʶľȥ
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ֻоһ䣬ͷӵߺ֮£ոЩɵһ˲ѣĿ硣
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ԣֲ̫һڣҲ˵һڡ
ôˣڣָо׿ܣƺǰ˽ûע⵽
Ǳ˶ƿߣȴôҲǸЦԽԽ£ûмġ
Ҳ֪˼룬оˣǴʱһŵˡ
ǸתȥǷŹ磬ֱķȥǰ档
Ǹŵͻȥվλߡ
ƺǸǱȥģǡҲ
ûйӣôʧ̬һʱҲЩ浽׷ʲô£˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻ֣ΰ
ü΢΢ǰŵڣʵ㣬ҡ
ĿǸԺҲû뿪ÿһۣƺô⣬˵תƣֿҪʲô
ڶ𣬲ߣͷĿࣺλǸ˹ϵô
üû뵽֣ΰ֣һʱüͷšɽ᣺磬ʱӦʲôˣ
Щǰ潲һȻķо档
û˵ʲô΢΢ͷʾ֪ˡ
дʦ֣ҵ͹ʱҡ
翴һһд֣Ǹ˶ͦҪġ
ǡ̧ͷϿĹ˵ڿн㣬˲䣬Ըоĺ䣬񡭡
ͷⷿй
ʲôһŵĿ磬ֻܡ

17

Ļ̫𾪣û뵽ġΪĴֻǺ棬Ҳеҵ˼ȴû뵽гڶֻ
һ˲侪ȹǿԼָ򾲣ڱдд
ڡ̧ͷָǰ棬ֻǸʧˡͣһּʧˡ
ŵַˣ̾Ҳֻ·ⲻ°𣡡
ǰԪڣϿʼͿ·ϲͬĹƺǲ̫⡣ٵͷ濪ƺܿ⣬κι
֣ΰһֵۣ緸Ķߣȥſ͸͸
üڣС
ſڡָţҾſڣӾͻˡЩĵĶ
˰ŵͷעⰲȫ
ʱĸоСһʲôֻҪ뿪ԼߣͿʼੲݡ
ǰֿһǰ棬ʲôûУһ˲ΪԼǺܿͷˣΪǸʱ򣬸ĸо̫ʵˣǲٵġ
һֱͣϣֱȽյţҲתͷ
ܣ˵˵λ֣ΰڡ
Ŀ˼̧ͷ
绹ɻԼǷ񿴴ˣһͿǸ֪ǲǸո̫Զû壬ڣֻǰӶͷһɼѷ죬·Կ滨׵Խ
ֻƺôԼڵֱֱĿ磬һǽϡ
һʱ䣬໥ӣ˭ûȿ˵
ǹ󣬻ֻȿڣʳʣƺǹŻ̬ȡ
ǡ󷽳ϣҲһֻ˶ǹûʲôñܻģʻǷˣŻԥ
ֻð춼û˵һֱ´硣
̫أʲôվ綼ĵ£ָоһµġδ֪һ㡣
ΣֻջȥĿ⣬ڣ񡣡˵ʱ˸ƣǲôǽŲŵصġ
û뵽Էôãֻ˵֣һʱЩ⣺Ϊʲô
ֻṴǣһ˲͵ǰͷƺʲôŻ˵Ϣ
һϲ¶ϲɫ˵
ʲôû˵ֻĻ΢һ룺ǹӰҵ¡
һ˵ͻȻ뵽ոֻ֣ΰתƣ㡭
졣ûʳֻͻȻŭȻӴֻŶ㿪ΧĿʼ䡣
䣬ŻȪıϢ
̧ͷǰѾûУոյɢټ
üȻֻ֪ҪʲôƺǸʦйϵǡҪҪأ
͸ҲҪôã
ͻȻ͵ػͷͿһźƺ鲻̫á
ҡտڣͿոλǸ˳ˣһʱȫȥü˸ոҪ˵Ļ
ʲôʡͻȻԽ棬һתͷ㿴֣ΰ߹
Цһ£ʦܣټ㿪ʱעа
ᳶǣû˯á
ҲҸŮչ㡣Աߵڣ֣ΰ˵ƺǿģҲЦſڣҪҪýܸ㡣
ߡ翴֣ΰոջŰأڡߣ˭Ҫ°
ֿһֱûشЩʦֲأҲ֪˵лл
Ȼ˵ˣлл΢΢Цš
Ǿô˵ˡ֣ΰЦļ
ˣǲԴȱҰллллˣ
ʱ֣ΰѾԶתͷһû˵ء
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֣ΰܶķϣˣԼ¡
粻ģ綼ſڰ칫ҵɳ棬Ҳ˵ɽæòûʱĹ
ȥģˣϸߣǲ
緹ǰСЪһ£ʱȥ硣
أһ綼ſ
粻ſﲻ
·Ĺŵˣﶫбŵɳϡ
ôСۣҶǹ˭ŵ˭Щ˵ſﲻͷø͡
üȻľ仰ԵģƢ
ûȿڣˡ
չüͷڣ
氲һ󣬲򿪵
ûˣѾȴˡ
һſ֣ҧģ
ҡͷ֣ͻȻ֣Ҳͦȵġ
֣֪ĴڣֱӹڵɳϣҺȻŭͻʮˡ
תͷŭ֣
Ҹ˵ҡ˵ŻһЦŪоԼеĺëըˡ
һ£ƲƲ죺ôЦһأǲǸߵӡ
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ǣôϤйͬѣͬȦֻһֻѡ
Ԫ죬ѵõİȥʳõ·ϣҲֻߣԲϰڵЩӦ
֣뿪Ŀյڣôô
Ǹոû⣬緭˸ۣҸȥ˵תƮȥλá
£͸оԼֱסˡ
תͷһСкվֱߣŵʡתɬһЦ
㣬ǹ𣿡Скͷ磬һ棬գŴ۾硣
Сˮ۾Ķˮˣͷش𣺡ѽ
СкĻشƺܿģֽ˽𣿡
ԥԶ֣ŷһͬߣ˲֪˵ʲôһͬЦرЦݣ֪ôģôۣо۾ɬͷ԰΢΢ЦСкͷȴԾĿķȻǳھǰѾͣˡ
ڣѾڳԷ
һθоԷôá
СкӦǿĵĲˣ־ߡ
ȥʡ
Скû˵ֻ磺Ҵȥط
С̫ɰ˵Ŵģ᲻þܾûʣСк뿪
һ·ȥСкƺϤ˵ֱȥ˵ͣ
üͣסΪʲô
Ск̧ͷһ磬ָһԵĳ
˳ſȥô

18

Ҳû뵽̶һ֮䣬ΣζвͬĹߡ
΢΢üͷСкʶ
Скҡͷûһֵͷ
ʲô˼ʡ̧ͷȥոΪڳ棬вţ翴У֣ΰӳվڳűͣһȻһҲһˡôҲû뵽ǸŮ˾Ͽʱվ֣ΰߵǸ
ͷʶǣ
Скû˵ʲôֱֱĿһЦȻ뿪ջߣ˵ƺġ
ʻĬ˰βſڣǸеģ׷ҽ㡣
㣿üͻȻǸ²⣺ǡ
СкͷҿˣϽ˵ˡƺʲôԵ飬Скԥһ²ſڣɲæҸæ
æЩΪѣͲ˵ǹҲﲻϹæ
ԥСкҡҡֱ̧ۣͷˮĴ۾ò㣿ظ˼飬仰Ͱͣ
֪ҪʲôæɣСкƽ롣
ҽҪɱǸˡǿĲ⣬Ск˵ҽձҵǸ˵˾һˣǸʱһСÿĩ߿еʱͻ棬Ҳܺáͣһ£ƺ֪ô˵
Ϊʲô˳
ΪǸŮˡСк˵ǣ۾ȻǹǲûлȪı֮
ϻҺͽڷġҧгݣ޲ý˺ĺ粻ԾĴ
ƴűӳȥģǡס̫ˣӴȥ
ᣬɣСкѾˡֻǣǿ޲ġ
ֻ򵥵ļ仰ȴԴоǾ޴˱⡣һôԴҲȥ
ԣҪôʱ򣬻Ϊʦֶȥڡǣһźã
ֻôͺãһҪءֻҽΪǸѾˡСкͷִ̫ˣͶ̥ɱĿȥôʹࡣýѣҺһȥͶ̥Ҳ±ǻǽܣ
˵ʱһоôŻ֣ΰ
ֱȥ칫ң֪йô˵
áСкҡͷ᲻ý㷢֡
һ˵㣬Ҳˣ˵ҪɱǸˣΪʲôڻû֣ǹڣеĹⲻõʱΪʲô֣
СкĿûлشȴָ֣ΰĳǻɡָų֡һͿˡ
һ£оСͷɡ
ȥͱСкֹˣɣҿ˾ͺá
ҲСͷ¿ţûˣİɡ
Скȥֿ棬ͻȻһ½ǣûеϸ壬ˡ
硣
һͷͿվȷӦСк᲻ᱻ֣ǸȥȴʲôûУüȥˣ
˭ʣҲʵʵĸңʲô
ҡһȻǸɣҲܵ͸
͸ˣԹӰˣ
һȥˡվſƮȥڳȥǰֿǸ򣬻ûСкƺ˲䣬ʧˡ
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ԭæոʲôģǻûԼæ꣬ȴһġ
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֣ҲЦЦҷɣ
磺֪㻹湻ģ
֪һۡ
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ճȥͿȥСģ⼸춼ûиСһ룬Ʈž͹ȥˡ
٣ЦŴкСĿԼ顣
Ҳ⣬żǰϷСȥżһ£һԼЦÿġ
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磿
û˵ףͱϣƺֻ̽Žһ£ûзӦֽһ¡
ץסһɻ󶼱ˡ
ͷĿڣѺء
û˵ʲôֻѺһ죬Ȼͱˡ
ͷոյ顣
ʱͻȻ֣СкֵĺͻȻһ˲ͳˣʱ粢û̫࣬Ԫڣǣų޳ĹƺЩ˰ɣǸͨĹ᲻ǡ
ôһ룬ṇ̃ҳ
ûκλشֻǼĸʻ
뿪ڣͷ˲ԣΪһˣԭʵĻȫߣʲڡ
һ磬֪ΪʲôոճҪˣһôôʵ
翴˿ֿ֣ͷ˵
ʣ֣ڳ˵ʲôֻõϻȥ
Ϊ˾ֻһѣΪ緹һˣˣ
ˣ˳˷ȥӰˡ
Ǳġ
ң֪ŮôģѡһƬ
̾Ͳ˵ˣ߶оˡ
ƬаɣҲӦҺ٣󶼽ˡ
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һһ磬Цڶļп磬ڣ㲻ҪҪ㵽һ
ۣ룬ԼǹˣһЩٹ
ܣɻ󿪿ڣӰĺܺ˰
ɫһݣ߿ܣã˲һ롣
ȷʵԪѡ񿴹Ƭ˲̫࣬һֲ̫ϳ˵ĵӰм䣬ȫ漸Ҳֻǵˣôɨһˣʵûе
ͻȻ۾ܡӰԺͺڣʲôոҲֻǼ򵥵һۣôȥȷʵܶ˾ҲľȻġǸ˵ӡ
ʶһ㣬ͷ漸ûˣȴϯ
һʱ䣬Ŀⶼۡ
û뵽ò׳ӰǸһĹġЩ۵ģǿǵ²ֵۣ͡ˡ
ʱɫˣ֣վ糺죺ոնԲ˼Щ¡
ӰʱΪЩǼٵģûʲôµģٿҲ²ڣ֣¶ˣ
ҡҡͷû¡޺ۼջرץ֡
ģƮһԣ˵
һûʲôһ治֪Ϊʲôôīͷȥߴ٣ȴһס绹ô£ΧѾһƬڰˡ


520С

һȥϰʱͱ칫ҵͬŰÿ༭涼һ
绷һܣΧͬ棬ֻȫǡ칫Ʒ
ŬŬתͷĬĬץֻٶȡ
¹ôãĲ֪ʲôر֮
֮ǰʣͻĽգ˽ڡŮڡŮڡڡĸ׽ڡͻȻôһ㣬ÿնͻġ
ֻǡͽԲϡ
˼ʱͻȻһ֡520
520=Ұ㡣
ʱˣǱ׵Ӱ
ţſжȻǿСտݡ
˳ȥһһ
ٿܹȥˣ˾ܼ࣡
ȻӾŰӡ
죬óֻţ֪ʲô𣿡
Ǳߺܾûظƽӡ
磺
ͻȻ벻Լôô
գգۼĻû¶ʮš
ӦŶ
ҧźڿǻһѡ
ûԷһȻأ
ȻȻ󣿣Ȼð
ܹȥԴѵ𣿳ȥĳȥˣ
ң
ʲôб˲֪֪ġ
İʱ֪òôдֱӴһӣ˱γߵı֣ȵȫλڹʲôСѹȡûԡ
˼һ£ԻҪħһᣬѣ520
ΣǱ߻ظûôˡ
ͬʱҲ˼ǲǸո²ʱȻԷæȥˣ㻹𣿡
ڡ󣬶ԷϢ
ǳ׵޻˵
ԭˡסĲ
ʱϰʱҲˣ򿪵Կʼظ
Ǽܾûظѵõģ绰520Ȼأ
磺
磿
Ϊϰ࣬˽˵绰ǲ̫ãͨæֻͲˮܡ
·İ칫򣬴ҵٶһŻ㵽˲ˮ䡣
һڣ̲סίҶյˣûСдίЩջ𣺡һ»Ҷôʾˣ㻹һֱȻأôô
𣿡ǱЦһ£ķʣˮ
ûֿˣû˵˽Ҫˣȹˡ
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ӳǰȫǻͬɫֵͬģÿҪ99䣬Ӱ칫ſһֱӵġλ
翴λϣ̩Ȼŵˣϻֻתš
Է翴΢΢һЦ˵Ǳ׽ڣ
쿴죬ĨĨ۽ǡ
վһ·ĶʻߵߣḧͷذϵˮûϢ
ĸˣûϢ㻹Ҫң
һΣֱӳһ죬ק棬û취ĿǣôأҾǰ㰡
Ļ棬ЦţˮЦš
ӲҲһˣô˵ǾǸոսȥˮͿʼð͵͵Ŀſڣվˣźɫ·ǰһģдšҰ㡱
ˣ׼
ͻȻǰ칫Ұ
ƿ̧ȥͬ£඼ˣÿ涼һվš
翴΢ЦŹĻ硣
ͷŻĻ䡢Ŷ䣬ģһٶʮ䣬һһǧһʮĶ䡭
粻̧ͷȥ;Ŷʲô˼
֪̿϶ףҲ˵ֱӰÿĿƬΣ硢Ұ㡢һһ
ܣı죺ܺףҲ֪˵ʲô
㹻ˣıŻĻѿһ𣬵Ŭģȫڻ档
ģİģܱģȫİ

19

̫æ缸ǱԺ˦˵ϡ
վ뺰ȴѺ档
ոǷʲôŻͰˡ
ṇ̃
֮ûκηӦ˲֪Ҳûųȥ
һҲʲô֪һҲͰĵˡ
ȵʱ䲻̫ãһѾΧȫǰɫ绷ܣȻҽԺ
Զ֣Ļޡ
뵽飬ƺˡ
ֻǣǰһ̥ôᵽҽԺ
ɻûд̫ãһƷ˾ͳˡ
жΪģĸ̥ƣԲɳġ
ĸüôܣʱ˵ʱֻŪһŶѡ
ѵĵͻȻð뷨һѵǸСкƭ
ֻǣƭʲôôأ
һЩ֪ˣߣ粻ȥںڡǰֻһ⣬ǾǣǸСкΪʲôҪô
Ⱥܾã֣ΰΣգڣԪڹȥֻʣʮӡ绹ûס
֣ΰûʲô飬ҲͲȥˡ
Ƿû¾ͺˡ
뷨ģǣһ뿴ȶվŵˣͲˡҲûֱӳȥˡ
Ǹ½ϳˣϵֻô˵ͨΪʲôСкôɵҵ磬ЩȫǺƭϵˣ
뷨һ˲䣬Ѿֻǰûȿڣֻȴԭʧˣֻһص硣
硣
Ѿ˼ôˣȻѾ֣ǾӦ
Ҳ룬׷˳ȥ
ҽԺϤȥȻ·ܶǲİɫ̾Լǲʺ
ô㣿
ԶͻȻһͷȷϴγֳǸˣǵкʲô
˿ĵܳԾƺܾȵӡ
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СкһۻٵȴӦҴӦҴӦ
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ԣ˵ѡȷΪСкĻǰìܣȻѾ֣ΰȥΪʲô·ڣֻҪȥ֣ΰˡ
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翴ܣȫǰɫҲûκαעȫ֪Լ
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翴һۣһһСӣȫǱչ\ֱҲˡ
СѾϺǸˡƹȥһ˲䣬翴ǸŮӱǹмһѷ죬Ӷͷ򦣬ǺţԴѾֿˡ
û뵽ῴôֲĻ棬һʱЩŵʶ˹ȥȴСײˣһͷͼůЦݵˡ
˲䣬ĺһ롣
΢΢Цţһμɣ
ͷ
СƹʱͻȻ֣Ԥ׵۾ϣ£Ұ㵲š
һ̣ͻȻ˵壬Ǹоһůĵף嶯ץסֲš
ȥסԺ·ϣ򵥵˵˸ոյúըŻ𣬽Ϊ˱ܴܵӶʮ¥ˡ
ֱÿ춼ڷۿǸвЩ̾ϧô
ǰͻȻͣһײϡԷǲ⣬΢΢Цһ£ֻסԷˤ
ǸһЦ
תͷָǰˣȥѰɡ
ͷҪлһתͷȴӰΧҲޱߵĺڰ
ô£͵ǰһ塭


20

ΧĺڰͻȻһ׹һ֮ո΢һЩ
ü۾ԼڸոǸҽԺ棬ͻȻСкٿվΧʲôûС
ƺոձˡ
ѹԶƺһЩһ׹⣬磬һʲôûһ㣬ƽ
ĿԶհ죬ջߡ
ԶƺЩڣҲȷʱĴҵҲֻ˰ɣ
Ʈȥ·ϣӽſһһ淭ңṴЦ
æ̧ͷڿ˲䣬Ͻı˲лɱŭ죬Ҳû˵ʲôԼѺա
翴˷ֿʱʮӣȴͻȻֺܾûĸоһͻȻоͦеġ
һӣʧԭء
Ѻ𣬰ָụ̋´ҾͰڼ
֣ΰûʲô£æһ߻ְŴһЩŻȥڼʵûг֡
ֱϣŰų
˵ɣոȥˣڣȫעĿ۾һֱŸʻ硣
ӣ֪ô˵ֻ֪һֻʣµһŲ֪ڸʦֳһԭϰɣ
˵ˣھԤϵĺ˵Żȥˣ·϶ˣ
ԥ֪ǻˣ
һֻͷˣƽƺЩΡ
һҡҡͷûУԪڣһ
֪˵ʲôˣ⻰˵þ͸˵仰һɡ
Ȼ粢ûΪ˵ĻʲôԣǸʲôرĸо
죬ſڣû±档
ΪʲôʣͻȻֻ˵ĻΪҲ𣿡
ۣһͣó³ˡ
صѾˣһһϰԣֻ뵹ڴϴ˯ϴʲôģ˯˵ɡ
ܻĽţİһɳϣֱӳ嵽ң򵥵׺˱ˣιϴ衣һıӡ
Զ㡣͵ĿڣڵѾˣκδ˯ˣǣ˰
粻ƽʱܶϴ˯˵˯ֱ˯ˣ᲻᲻ôһĴĸˣȥϴ˯
˵𣿡ƿӣŭ硣
ܾûˣһʱЩ޷Ӧӣͷ˯ɡȻĬĬƮȥˡ
Ժͺˣƽһ£ȥеȥİ
ҳȥ˯ôϢɡ˵һѾǶ
Լ˯ȥָ̨
֪ϲǸҲһֱ˯
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죬һҪĹ֮ǰƮȥˡ
Ȼ¡ɱ˯һǳɡ
ǰʱøǱӣرڶˣȵ˯ȡڲͬˣԴӷ磬һµıһҲȣ½ʱ򣬸ǸӸոպá
Ϊϳȥû뵽ôģ绹Щжġ
תһ룬ô°оЩMأҡҡͷˣһԾ档֪̫ϲ˻ϰߵԭǺܰҲоë
ʮԲǰ˵ʮʮԲƺⰡſ棬ҡͷԵĿ
ûһ洫ϣ
תͷһۣ˻֣ٴתͷšͻȻ֪ۻôоһĿٿȥո޲
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ʱһһ˼ھһ룬ǸСк
˵Ļ©ȴûע⵽
ΪΪСǲ˵ѵģŻ˵Ļ档
緭˸ͻȻǸСкһ仰˵ˣ֮أ
ͻȻ͵ֱӱĴȥ
˯죬ͻı䶳ֱӶڴϵ磬˲ŭﵽߣ費˯һҪ˯ȥʬ壬ң
ʱѾ˲ôˣʱˣҵҵʱǼ㣿
ʱ޹ؽҪ⣬Դ֣ÿĲٵĶ˥ˣǻеųָ̆һ룬ʧǰ
Ҫ飡ЩļüͷѾ嵽һ𣺡鰡ң
ʲôƨ£ǲеģҪ˺ĥʱ䣿ҧź˲ǹҪϢû֮ǰʧǰ
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뿪˸ۣ񾭲˯
棬ϸϸĻš
Ȼò׼ȷʱ䣬ֻԼƲˣ𴲺Ҳ١
˻صҵʱ賿㣬ô·ϻʱȥʮӣȥ·ϵʱͺһʿһЩ飬ôʱŻ賿ʮңʮһʮ׷ȥġ
ǵΪǸʱ֣ʹʿʱ䣬ңͬʱǸŮˡ
ô˵ǰǰʧʮӵʱ䣬ʱ䣬һǿհ׵ġ
ʮӣһ˵̫ˣһһӾƶԶĹʮӵʱ䣬ʲô̫ˣʮӶԴҽԺص棬οأ
ǣȴǵʲô΢΢۾ϸĻÿһϸڡ
ǸСкĶԻǰ󲻻ᳬʮӣټ׷ǸŮǸҽͻǰǰҲͶʮӣǡжʮأ
Ƕʮƾճֵһ㣬㱣һЩƬΣȴץסκΡԽ뿴壬ȴԽ塣
߬ȭͷ۾롣
ǸʱСк˵ˣȻ󡭡ûм
˹ȵȡͻȻ۾ʲô
񿴵ǸŮĵܱܵͽҽԺǸҽ
ЩġǾʹСкû˵ѣǡ벻ͨΪʲôҪ˵Щȥƭ
ԽԽһûעѾףۿҪˣͷǾȥ
ȥȥ
ûãﴫһ춯ûһű
ŹǷ۾߳ȫǿŶԼҵϤһ·ȥϴ
磺
һ˯飬簵й۲һ£ɺÿһûʲôرġ
һֱ粻֪˶۵ʱ̲סڣ˵㿴ˣ
һЩȵĿ
ҿɸ㣬ңˣˣϲģһ
ƲƲ죺֪תͷȥ⣬
һתͷͻȻһһʶ̧ȥס
һŪҲŽˣ


21

ʲôûУϸ飬ʲôûС
Եһӡ
ҡҡͷûСͻȻ䲻֪ҪҪ¸ˡոԼ˵ģˣǹԹ˹;
ԽԽɿأо¾һ㡭
͵һǲˡǳһ࣬ʲôﲻϡ
Ԫ죬ء
ƺһ죬ָֻƽ
ʵ˵Ҳ׼ȷΪͨ˵Ԫ죬Ҳֻͨһ죬Ŀܣϲȥˡ
ģӦûʲôˡ
ŵķ£һۣС֡
翴һʵ˵ѾСˣ˾ԲģǺܿϧǹĶǸף塣
ϵӡɢˣˡ
һ磬ſɳһЩˡ
˵ĽҲڳʱ仰Ҳûˡ
ڣüƺ˼ʲôʳڣǲǳʲô飿
ҡͷû˵˼
ǸʱԽǹȥʱãƺʲôҪйһ㣬ץסֻôһͷһȥĻ棬ȫûκá
粻شЩͣôˣ˵˾ͱһɥԭֻǵ˵ĻȴζŲͷ
羲ĿаӲŵͷȥˡ
ļĪ˳ݺݵ˳ȥ
ΪʲôǰΪ˵ľ仰ڣڣǶ˵һػﶼԼ졣
صֽţ̾
֪ԼܵˣԾĳһĵط롣
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໥֣Ȼ֣źͬˡ
֣ΰ飬֣Ϊãʱӹ֣ΰĹ
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ɵǣճǸ˾תˡ
һӣš
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翪ڣü˲ȥҽΪʲô
ŶҡЦš
ۿȥ˵Цݺ죬ȷڼʱǻʲôʱأ
û˵ڣôˣ

˵ȥ𣿻𣿡ʣЦš
ôһѣȷʵ˵ͷãѾȹˡ
𣿡ڣһǣû¾ͺá
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ûתǣٴδ㻹ȥ𣿡
ͣ£ͷһҡҡͷҲ֪
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ݶһʾ¥㣬΢΢һЦȥ
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Ż磬΢΢ü
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Բ𰡣Ҹսֺܶ²ףԷʱˡ֣ǸЦš
û¡ҡͷÿԹҡ
ǼȻҵԷʱ䣬Ҿһٰɡ
ûشתͷȥ磬ԷԴӽԺһֱ﷢ȫûע⵽һ
תͷ΢ЦӦ
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粻ִ˼飬û˽ֱӲڷˡ
ڿˡ
ǸλӣĻ飬ҵͻƿڣƺܣںõĶһ򣬾иȱڣϸ鿴ѷ֡
Ǹѷֵȱڣʱ䡣
ԣǶʱ仹Ƿʲô粻ǵˡ
ԽԽӶݷ
ʱ״һ˪ǽɫ˲ˣ磬ַʲô裿
ãĿ
ֿܣŷַʲô
죬ſڣҵļ䣬ˡ
һŭ˲ɵģüͷ顣
ͷ
ô붼Ǵӡҩйϵֲʲô̫ĹϵҲˣڣֻˡ
ϵ˵һ顣
᲻ǶʱǸˣ²⡣
ҡͷǵá
˵Ǹҩֻģ䣬ɾ䣬ǾͲҩǳ벻ˡ
飬ԽԽˣ
˵Ĳ²ûнжãͱ֣ĵ绰ϡ
üι
Ǳ߲֪˵ʲôû˵һ仰ĹҶϵ绰ܳȥ
ȵҡ׷ȥ
ɫüͷһˡ
˸ϵҽԺʱ֣ΰѾȥˣ֣۾׳ɺˡ
üŽȥĻʿͻȻһ뷨Ʈߣҽȥ
㡭տڣͻȻ߻һˣֻûɵͷһ䣺Сġ
Ȼûȫ˵ǴôҲµ֣ΰһǸйϵ
ȥʱһʿһʧڡ
ȥֱ߲Զ̨Ѿ֣ΰеĻϣĵͼʱͿʼֱƣǻЩ΢
Ʈȥһܣûκοɣƺ֣ΰεֻһͨȡֵһûеȵǸ
ȥʱҽ֣ڽ棬ŵ˼ǲΣ֪ͨ飬ǩ֡
֣ûԼ²̨飬ҽݹĶʱֱ̱Ҫֿסֱڵˡ
Ѿ޵ûˡ
ҪϽǩˣǲŵ˿ڣһ۾ͻȻ
ôǺ
֣ǩ֣Žȥ
ֱԭء
һж̫ɺˣɺϵš
Ļƺڶϣ硭ͳ飬벻ɶѰ
תܲ棬ǶԷûпһ㣬¶ûУһȥ
ʱĲ֪˵ʲôˣһж̫ˣʼ
ǰ񣬺Ṵǡ
ͻȻʲôѹ紭


22

һֱ㣬֣ΰɹ̨
֣֣ΰųһ̣ᶼֹסˡ
ڼ䣬һֱ֣ߣο顣
⼸ܿԵʣ˿Ȼ˺䣬ѵõģһŮôᡣ
֣ΰԺֱ͵ӻ24Сʱ໤ȥˡ
֣ƺŻˣվڼӻⲻߣŴ֣ΰվš
ʱһ㽻ҲûС
ֿһ۲ųȥ
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֪ô£뿿岻ܿƵĿֱǰͣ¡
΢Цһ顣
ͷ
ҽడһˣ̫ˣϢһ
û˵ȴ룬ûʡ
ƺô⣬˵ţֻϾʱʱ俴š
תߣ򺫶еıֽ
͵أ۾˹
һżǰֽͨǣΪȵܵܣӶʮ¥
ֻֻһ⣬һ̲ѪȫǸ棬ƽϵˣڵ壬ϵѪǳѷ죬һֿ롣
һ˲ץŭΧĿʼϡ¶ȿ½
ŮǱ˺ġһڣǸˣǰѲȻ󣬾һ⡣˶٣˹ը⡣
ץűֽн˽űֽѾһֻԼĿֵı⡣
ܣ˭ðմӶʮ¥Ĵȥ
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յĿıֽΧʲô鶼ûκιϵһ㡣
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һֱƮţ֣ΰĲǰ
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ˣȻԸϲҲ̫֣ദôĲʲô顣
죬ſڣһ䣺Ŷƺôӡ
ĻЩ࣬ҧ˵Ǹ˿ܳˣҪץߣһŶûˣж಻İΪϴһҸǸ·˰ûˣ˭ûС
֪ͷɵûܰæ
Ǹ˹ˣԵǳġһ
ûйŭһ˲ֽ߬ȭͷһ֣ǽϡ
ܴŵһ顣
ǽϳϸСѷ죺㣬£뿪徻
ͻȻһۣܣȴΪʲôͻȻָоıӰſڣ֪ˡ
֪ˣ֪ˣ䣬ķ仰ֱӷȭͷ뿪
ֻʣԼ
ƺÿһΣгʱĶԻ󶼻ݱӣͷţŵذ壬Ƿѹ͸ĸоһЩȴ̧ͷŵʱٴμأȸոնʮ
翿ǽϣǹΪͻȻһݽǽһһ棬濴ȥǹ졣
˿̣粻õŵˣΪǸ˵ŹصôʵƽʱÿžͿԽȥ磬˿ҲоǰһĿڶʹ


23

ǱˣֱӻȥԼķ䣬̨ϻ˰ƽ˳Ϣ
ո̫嶯һִǽϣˣȵʹ̧ȥ΢£ֻ۾ȥû̫˿ڣֻǱЩƤϸСκۣѪ˿
С˿ڣֻһͿԺˣôࡣûз£Լְ죬Ʈ
ˣʲôʱ̫Լ뷨ոҲǣԭǺģΪģΪŻ˵ںͲˣ˵Ŀ
죬վſȥ
粻֪վ˶ãԴӱɹ·ûʱһ㣬ʱһ˵Ҳһ˲飬Ҳʱ򣬾һӶһôԶ
ڣĵǹŵģΧһƬΨһĹԴ⣬䲻£ǻͦģ˪һڵذϣ˵ı
ʱͿһǶǽʹĿ⿴ſϵ¹⣬һ̣֪ôأͻȻһһһ£ȻѾƲסԼȥ
û뵽һվǰһʱЩģ˰죬Цҡû뵽
ȥ˯
ǰֲ֪˵ʲôˣʱѾˣֻˡ
ٵĵ˼ͷȻٵıԶȥٶͣһͻᷴһ㡣
ӰһʧͻȻЦƺ绹Ц˲١
Ժ˳ĩúõķһ¡
Դǰˮһƺָֻ̫ƽˣƽǲɻԪ鶼Ǽٵģʲôûз
ǰͻȻֵˮҽԺԲѵ֣ΰڸһʵʵţ
Ԫϣÿһ·ʱ˳˶ϸĺ˶Թ
ֻǡǶʧʱ䡭Ȼûȷ˵Ҳµó
Լõȥɱ֣ΰļ䲻ûУֻ̫ģǸ˵ԶģԺǶԽҽʱĲ״ޱ
죬̧ͷһ᲻ᱻ˴ˣ
ûлش𣬵ͷ֪ʲôء
ԺһֱһǵĻشһҲ벻˼
ӣ̧ͷųֿܣ
磺
˰죬˼Ľ
Ϊĩϸķ飬ȫ˳Ѿˡ
θʼ飬¼һ䡣
һ˵ӣſڴ϶͡
Ұڵ£ڴǡ
һܳɶƲƲ쿪ڣָֻϵ˼£һ׿ֻ
ڵ΢΢üȻе̺ɡ
á
̧ͷ
ҪŵŰƵģĿһ磬´
֪Ƿϰ˵ԭ˶ڼҵʱ򣬴Դţ¼ʱһ˰ϴļʱܻȥҵصǱ߽ǵһΧ
Է͵۾ԡ
տʼʱҲ䣬پתȥҲϰˡż˵һǵζΡÿ˵綼ĿˮˣĪá
ڷתһȦ¼˸ȻԼһ¡û
һʱ䶼һСʱˣ˸۳ֻ绰
մȥû룬ųһ䣬Ǳ߾Ѿãxx
֪ʲôʱ򵽣ǿѹŭòڡ
Ǳͣ˼룬ֿڣʮӺ󡣡
С
ߣŴϵ磬ѵõʵܶ࣬һڴϡ
ΪΪʱ䷢䣬߽Ϳһֻֻڡ֣
ֻʣǻĸ
һ죺ֹȥˣ
ͷһ»ıƿһʣһѾˣ
Ʈڰпţһĳݣ۵Ŀ
Ĳֻ̫࣬ڴϳȥˡ
ڹȥ¿һˣ
ǰ˷ܵͻȻһЦƺһҲͦõģȻеÿζǵ鷳£вٲģǣڸĸоܺá
СѧʼסУĸһֱæٹ˼ĸܣҲǼͥԭСܵܶʱоԼͺãСʱһԼҲĺܺá
ָоһֱڵǰ¡
ֱĳ֣߸̫ࡣ
ۣƫƫǹ
ϲ徲ƫƫǸղԸ
ϲƫƫžʹҲˣ
ź˵£ӵġ
ʮӺڵˣŶ챩ˡ
ʱС΢ЦŵϣڿϱʱһֱӷڵϾˣҪץ˽ֱӱ¥ݼȥˣݶ
̽ͷһֿۣı飺Ǳ飬һ㡣ָСԶķ򣺡˼ŵã
ʦ֡ڡ
죬ȴû˵ʲô
ôˣ֣أ
һҪ÷һҪɷ򣬶أ
ָоͻȻѸ٣ûκף۵졣
ڳó̵ͿһʹӣЩģﲻ
ﲻȴ˵ڣ˵һʲôоôֱֻܸӵķӦﲻܣȴûиôܷ
죬ҡҡͷĹȥɳš
ں궼ûйһֱɳϣͷ֪ʲô
֣ΪԼ˵ˣԼû˵ʲôػǰصĻû
Σ
ĶȥߣȥԷɡ
̧ͷֳԲˡ
ҸǴŹǡ
֪ǰϲʲôǴûʲôԵģһȻͿǴŹǣһдġ
ԺĩڼʱҲˣȻȥ˵ζΡ
ÿһΣ綼ֱˮ
ͷ˰ſڣǹ
ֽ߬š
һͻȻ֣ͷǾҳԷɡ
͵̧ͷ۾ģͷá
ֲĸоô˵ˡ
˷ӵ֣ĵ绰˵ȥ֣ΰ
Ƕչмӵʦ֣ôܲȥ̽ء
֣ΰѾתͨ⼸Ҳ˽ǳأ˵֣ΰѾˣ¾ͺˣǡûô򵥡
Ǽ췢磬Ҳ֣ΰ
ҽԺʱ֣ѾˣΪҪ˾飬ҲҪչ֣ΰ֣ľܲãҲ˺ܶࡣ
΢Ŵϻɡ
ô˼֣ЦţİɣҿԵġ
ûʲôˣҲüţлֵҽأ
ͬʱͷ
翴


24

áЦţͷ
΢Ц
òĽԼ۾ɨÿһˣǡûп磬ƺǺһ
¡֣
ûüϸ룬˾ͬ¾ˣһͬĴˣ˲̫࣬ǸɹĴ
֣ڶһЦ໥һۺղ
֣ΰһֱڻԵ״̬Уûˣûѵļ֣ҲҹҽҲˣûвκβΨһİ취ǵˡ
ʱ̣ܶߣǰҲʮӵʱ䡣
ȵЩߣź֪֪ʲôʱ뿪ˡ
ʣĴţѰźӰ
ʲôأˡߣڵ
ջߣļ򿪿ڣ͸ոǸҽʶ
ʶɴش𣺡ϴڼӻſڼ
˵ʲôǰŵ֣ͻȻͷ
ҡҡͷûʲô
ʱ˵˵֣ͬԼȥϢˡ
һߣˣֱһŲ֣ΰ
ϸĿһ飬ȷûҪѵļſڣʦֵ鶼˽𣿡
üûеһʱش
֣ΰйϵǡȥ񶨡
Ȼ̫飬ǻ˭ܵģ߹ȥߣֻеΪʲôǸҪôʦ֣ܰҲʦѣ
Ĭ˰죬̧ͷ֪ˡ
֣ΰҵ꣬տʼʶʱҲУѧ棬Ǹʱʲôܳɫʱѧϯ֣ΰܿҲصˣ˾ôʶˡ
֣ΰҵ˾Ҳæ
Ǹʱ֣ΰѧУǳĺѧƢáƷáѧϰãǺܶͬѧѧϰ󣬲ûзʲôֵ̫顣
ҵȥżҲϵǺ١
ǣҵ͹ȣ֣ΰĹ˾ȱˣȥˡ
һ£Ҳ϶ĺ˵꣬ҲûʲôԾ
ǸʦֵŮѡ翪ڣŬĻнǵ䡣
Ůѣüͷ˰죺ûУûŮѡ
ôܣ粻ţǸСк˵ͻȻͣһĻڵǸʦֵŮ𣿡
ǡɴش𣺡˾ֹ칫ġ
ǡ졭²⣺᲻ǵ飿
⡭Ҳųֿԡ
磺ǸСк˵һģܺá
ͷŬĻشͻȻһһˡ
ļ̌ͷҼǵʦ֮ǰһ˺ܺãʦҲǺ֪ôͻȻʹְˡ
֪𣿡ʡƺ𰸺֮
ҡҡͷѾȥˣҲϤ֪˶٣ֻ˵ʱǱߵĹû졣
ɵ㣡վӦ취֤һ£ǲ˵Ǹľ
ȥǱңûпܻžɵ
˴⣬Կʼж
ҹʱ֣˻һЩϸڣͶԽĿԲ²ţһŲͲ֪ࡣһֱˣ۾ضſڣˡ
֪ʲôĿҲһЩ²⣬һʱҲתͷſڣֱĽŶ˲ᵽߡ
ŲڣɵģÿһŲ죬Ȼһһظš
̶̼ӣǸŲѾ⣬ֻһš
ֱֱĶſڣڽŲͣſڵĵһ˲ȥŹιǰ⡣֮ǰһ仰ڷ𶯡
һѾʧڷ
ǹˣܿ⣬ȻҲǹǵġûֶã˾ͳˡ
ԭΪûôҲֽŵģǡˡ
⣬һЦſ
ŵЦŻͷǣ·ġ
һ֣סʲôƮǰС
ŵķ£Ϊ磬ѾǺգҲܲôˡ˿
̲ĴӦһ
ǸСĲ֪˵ʲôתȥתΪʲôЦˡ
һʲôûеĿΪʲôҪһİĹЦ˵꣬תͷȥ
Ʋ죬תͷЦſСⰡ
СҡͷһЦûϵ
ʱ䣬һֱǸʶĹ죬ţЦһЦĴȺһļ¼̲࣬סߵſڣסˡ
վ;ô˽ĹͶ̥ãûͶ̥һҪ뿪ģҪѣҪС
ٺ飬ͻȻˡ
֣ΰһ϶ܰҲûҪļһֱ֣˼򵥵Ĵкͻȥˡ
ǿģһû˯ҪͲܿȥ
·һ⳵ϵַȥ
Ѿһˣ绹ôл϶ЦݣֽѵĿġ
ӽ˵ݿʼһֱ˵ʼʵܲǷ˵һµ߶ֱӹҵţϴ
һ˯磬ʱˬһ̧ͷԴƮأ
ҲʱˣûʼʱĴӦˣֱƿ´ˡ
籾һ£ԷʲôӦûУԾȤվá
ֱȥϴ˰Ȼùֻ
ջһ绰ֱӽ
һ֣͸оˡ
û˵Ǳ߾ȿˣֻ˵һ䡰͹ȥҶϵ绰ֱ˳ȥ
磺Ұ
滹ûڣžе⣬ֻһ䣬ճϾһ㼦Ƥ񣬵ѾܲôˣֱڽһҽԺĵַںһĽ
ԺֱԾѺ̫ͻȻˣʲô¶ֱ֪Ӹˡ
һҽԺֱȥ
ҽԺſڴѺһ·ſڡ
ſڣˣ
ûлش𣬵ǵһۡ
ֺǰһ֣ΰȶĲͻȻ񻯣һαһλҪأмѾҲǾȲˡ
ȥ󣬳ת
ɫˣ֪ôο
ĵȥȣһֱʮ㣬꣬ƴȣջûгɹ
ҽһǾˡıڳʱ֪˽ֻ̫ͻȻˣҲܲˡ
һ֣ΰһϵûе˶оԽܣο֮˺Ͷѡ
֣ҽǾ仰ԺͻȻһˣվȣҺñסδεĵ
Ҳѹǿˮο֣
ҽժ¿֣ڣڰ
̧ͷǸˣǺ


25

˾ԭ֣ΰ, ˣҲ, ϸ˵˾˵, ֻΪԼͶʵ, ְλͺܺˣҲΪ֣ΰչм, ΪһЩȥƻ顣
, ֣ΰȥˣ˾֣һ˳ȥ, 䵽ϡ
, ʦֵĹ˾֣˵ֱӾܾ
ҸһĹ˾֣˵ɰٷ֮ʮȻǺܶ, ڲǸʱˣҸĹɷڼԺ󶼷ֳȥˣڣ˾Ĺɷܾ࣬Ӧ㵱
Ĭ˰, Ǿܾˣ»ǵʦֵɡ
֣ΰ
˴Сû˸ĸǼݼ, ֣ΰѧʱڷܺѧӸоͿʼÿˣѧԺԼö
Щԭݿ֣ΰþ͸һ, ˭Ҳ֣ΰԺԼõ˽ѧټϺٴ򹤣ѧû⡣
ѧУѧѼ룬Էÿ¶в
ѧԺֱӴó˹ϵ
ҲܶˣǱѾϵ죬ֻһЩĺߺѡ
֣ŮˣЩ£ֻ
һһˮֻǰǰܡ
͸ߣ۵ĲС
һˣҲֲסҲܵǷɾֱڵϣЪš
翴ûˣֱһӣԶˮ˹ǰȵɣ㶼æһˡ
û˵ʲôһ磬ˮһȵס
þû絣ĵҪͣתơ
죬ƺܲˣͷĿڣˣתͷΣ
һڣĵ˲Сһ룬ֱߣҵİ
һůﴫ֫ٺĸоþãṴЦˣлл
⻹ǵһΣ˵ллһʱ仹Щܳأ
תͷϵıЦתͷԶĿյأڣҲˣľǰѾˣ׹¥
ĸ֤ʵǵĲ²⡣
סĲ࣬ľĻǺ֤ܶ࣬ʵˡ֪˵ʲôˣ
˵ãж񱨣̡̫ǱϾʦ֣̾Ϣ󣿿̫ߡһΪôͲˡ
ԭ˵򵥣һ죬촽һ촽˵ˣмԭ£ͻˣͲн֣ΰĽˣ
̧ͷſڣʦڵǸй˾ǧھƻʶģһˡ
ԣѲľŻɱģ
糶˳ǣջһû˵֪ۣǶοԳ֮Ϊ̫ʣ̫澾⣬ɴ࣬Ż

ͻȻ֣
ͷ֣һվ⣬۾ţҲЩơ
ôˣٵվߵ֣ߣ˽ϵ·ȥŰɡ
һʱ֣Ѿαطˡ
֣ҡҡͷһҸһ˵Żعͷȥ֣ΰʬѾ𻯣ڴҲֻһ̳ӵĹǻҡԭǵҪģ֣᲻ãӲǶһһȥĹ
֣˻ȥŻڵŵ磬Ҳߡ
˶ûп˵ʲôΪ֪˵ʲôתͷߵˣĿƳĿԶ֪ʲô
黹˳ڶһ磬ָ֣˾񣬴֣ΰĹǻҵ͵ȥ˹Ĺ԰֡
һϣϱ֣֪ͨŹȥȻܾǻǲദʱ䡣
С˾һֱΪô֣ΰܶԭǺ֣йϵһ治ԼίһҲϣ˾ǿֶΡ
ԺһֱӱŴ󴲶ȥѵߵЬӾˡ
֪ѹ̴ţתȥˡ
ߡͻȻڣͷͷǶ϶Ĵһɣ磬һ
ü˵ۣá
ƮȥĴǡ
ûҲѹŵĸˡ
Ҳ֪ȥãŵ彥ֹͣƽȺŸҹȥ
ſģͷģ翴ı飬ǡĵطѾʪˣոշʲôԶ
һۣ֣ȥһЩοڰ;ջÿʱǸ飬һҪȡůˡ
ôҲŲάǸŤƿ
ʵʲôأеʵﶼԴ͸˵ʵҲѾˡ
Ҳ֪ȥãͻȻһЩͻȻһţһת۾ͷ⡣ٻͷȥԷҲֻǻ˸ƣûѹӡ
֪ΪΣһͻȻһĿһ뿪
ܺãֻԶԶڴ濴һۡ
ƺԴˣĴҲûڣܺãǷﻹҪһյơ
ɳڵǰʲô
Ҳ֪ǹȥ̫˻¸ûб˰죬ҳĶЩ޹صţЩʧ
ҲԣԵʱһǰģŶҲǱһ»֣ôܻ屨أ
Ȼô룬ǻǲֻһشһ¡
ûʧȻĿйľţעһ£һС磬Сֶû˵
ϸĿһ飬û˵ֻ̫࣬Ǽ򵥵ķ
ַʱʮ㣬ǸʱҶ˯ˣһֲ̫Ȼʱ¥ѾûʣʲôˣһֳƬһľܵģǺǼæ֮ģģܿһľû
һ¹ľ飬˵ȦӺܼ򵥣ϰ°չ˵ܵܣûѡΪʲôûע⵽ԭ
ԭôµ
ڿʲô
ͻȻͷͿһͷվ󣬸˯ѵӣֻϵ۾
ûʲôһֹص
֣ΰѾˣҲǽˣٶ˵Ҳ壬ο翴һ̫ˡ
վҰ㶩
ˡֱȥ䣺ȥһܡ
һͷܵĸоֻˡ
򵥵һ¾ͳȥˣΣ粻ţһ˿ɳϷ

Ҫʲô
ľʣЦһ£ˣ˵Ӧ
ˣ֣ΰԼ壬ȷʵƮŵģһɵˣôܣôһ̧ͷŵòڵϣ𣬱
ľôģľֻмףҺòײŴӵӳɱôܸģ
㡭㡭֣ΰѾŵ˵
ľס֡
߽֣ΰ΢΢һЦִ̧Ķ
ľһ˲Ļңһתȴûüһ˲䣬Χֻʣһˡ
˿Ķһߵǣϣ
˵꣬һ˲ʧԭء


26

֣ΰ鵽Ҳǽ, ѹҪȥϰࡣ
˾ȱµ, Ҷ۽˭ȥ֣ΰλá
, ˾ûȷ˵˭, Ҳֻ˽һ£Ӳǫ̃Ȼ˵¡
֣ΰͻȻ, һеĵȫѹ֣, ԭһŮڹ˾ҲֻǹܺԼǷݹϵ飬ͻȻ˾е, Ȼ
ϰû, 绹ɳϵſأžͱĴˡ
ͨûʲô, Ƕ磬Сһ̧ͷͿ֣һ, ŲԶŵ
ˣ緭˸ۣڵվ, ȥ

۽ǻ̵ڣһ̧ͷͿſվŵ֣˵һĻӲͣ, Ŀڣɡ
ԭͣһµģѾĿڣƮ뿪ˡ
ʱ̫࣬Ѿܾûڹ˾ˣһȦ˸ˣǲûж룬ҲСİȥˡ
ôһҲû£Ⱥۼĵطȥԡ
ʱֻܸ̾һŮ˵˾˵಻˵Ҳ̫٣ôҲðʮأЩ˾ܰÿһ˵İ鶼ա
˵Сϲܡ
ôܣһ˲š
ôܣոǸԵ˷˵һԷͱˣܷʲôɣ
һԷͻȻߣܳԾӡʶԼ̫ȸϽ죬Сʣ𣿡һŵӣҾͿ֣ܼܺһԹ
Ȼġʱһˣչۿģ
ߴߴһͨԴҵġ
ô˸ԶܳҲˣŶͷƮ뿪ˡ
ջȥ칫ңͻȻһ顪ոǺ˵Сıˣ
Ѿŵֱתͷȥˡ
ոҲע⵽СĲڣΪСֻ̫æȥĲˣһȷʵûСң˾󣬾æ綼ѾƮ˺üطˣûп
ڣ˾˸飬ȷСĲˡ
һ˲ˮĻȫصԺһŭˣֱİ칫ȥˡ
սȥ֣ƺĵú죬˵϶Ц⣬̧ͷ߶ϣû⣬һѾµתͷط
ûƵġ
ԭͦģôԴֱܹȥﴩȥ
һ˲䣬Ǳӵ°ʮȵıˮǵĺ֣Ƿڣֱתȥŭ磺ʲô磿
㲻˳ۡͷ̧°ͽа塣
㡭ҧгݡ
ں˭˵ߣһ̬̬ȣֱŵˡ
תͷӲǼһĨ΢Цû£һֻ˵ӡ
֣ķ򣺡ˣӶʼŷˡ
֣һţһӱ͸ź⡣
ںŲôֱ࣬ӿʣΪʲôСģ
˭ʣڵĲУԼְģڶϵϡ
һ£ô˵Ĳһ
һֿ֪ʼǵչޱ߼ʵˣһӻЩÿ˾ˡ
ŭȥԼλãĶ˵һ飬һ˯ɣ
翴һĺ󱳣ƲƲ죺˵ʮ仰㶼֪ģǣ˵ƽʱô˵ԣǶԷֻҪһͺ£ҲΪʱŵˣӰˡ
򵥵İѲˮİԺ˵ˡ
˵Ժ۾͵͵һˣ
Ǹ翪ڡ
ȱ죡ִĻֱùϵĵ绰߹ȥԺֹ˾ڻвúùİԵģһɿ¼ã
һ˵ֱ꣬ӹҶϵ绰
ϲ£죬һԼǸڰɣ
Һһ仰ֱӳȥˡ
翴ɫǾˣֱӹȥ칫С뿪ҲᷢʼģֻҪʼûо֪ˡ
һ̫õϰߣÿֻҪԿţһֱţҵȻһһ顣
ֻ˵ʺ͹ǳȵģöǮɶԲƭˡ
ܽһͼʮʼҡҡͷӲˡ
ҵСĵģһĴְţЩҡ
˵ңǸһָо
һҪְˣΪʲôһ仰ҪǶԲ𣿶ǰǰĺ˵ϲ˵Լֲסˣְ
оܹ졣
һʼ棬лظȴûյСĵĻظ
᲻ᡭ
ſڽŲ죬һһĴڵϣһϽ˳ȥɳɺá
һžͿϵطĵͷ
ǣ˽⣬ôôʵɫȥ칫һ¾ͷֲˣǻû˵㿪ҳˡ
ϾͷȫĵעϣһֱֱԷ㿪ҳĶˡҲûʲô飬ССһ
ǲϲСˣصҳͻȻڡ
һͣ⣬ȻҡҡͷûС
ô¸վߵǰӣ˵ûҵ׼ҵĶ
Ҿǡ
ʲôϡϲˣ
˵˲ǡӣתͷȥ̫оܲ
Ǳ˵£Żתͷȥһӣɫ˲䲻ãǹˣϲҲܽģ
Ļ̫ˣܲˣֱվ֪ǹ㲻ѣڣ绹Щܲɹ飬ƽʱÿЦǺǵģûʲô£Ҳûʲô̫ϰԼûĸоǣΪʲôÿԼǸʱ򣬺Ŀڣʵ
֪㻹ϲСģ
˭˵ϲˣ
˭
ҡ翪ڣȴ˵ҡҡͷûˡ
ԣǲŵġһŭĿ硣
ûСٴοڣֻϰ˶ѣҲΪˣͻȻʧһܹһ£
һŵĿ硣
ðſڣǹ˾£㲻ùܣڹ˾Щңʮһҳʱʬ壬ҲһҸͶ̥İ취
ͷá
˵ʲôأƢٲãԼǲģܶһƼˮԮлл˵ʲôأŻллˡ
мǹˣµڣСˣûҵԼȴ˶ˣ̫鷳ܰ绹Ǻܸмġ
⼸ȫûκιϢԼҲЩˣѾɹôˣһԼѾˣҲһʲôأҵͶ̥İ취ء
ôһ룬Լʲôʱܺˣ̧ͷȥͻȻĲᣬﻹƵġ
룺ԺҪҸ


27

ʮһǰô, Ƕÿµ˵͸ƽһ
ʮһǰһ, վεš
ܿ, Ҳ, һÿһСʱ
翴˿Ʈȥô磿
ȻΪСĵ˼䣬ǺҲ, Ҳ̫漰, Ҳôȥˡ
ÿվڹ˾ƣڶˣһͺˡ
ͷҲû̧Ļش, ֱӵ¹ó·÷ŵ
һֱಽĸ, ʰʣҪȥ𣿡
ǣؼҡش
һ, ȷʵ˴绰ţǾ˵ʲôǸʱڿӾ磬û
룬ǸӦĵ绰ɣ
Ҫ, ȿˣԼؼң㡭ˡ
һ£ΪʲôҲҡ
̾, £ˣҪȥûʱչ㡣һ磺Ҿͻˣܿġ
ʵ, Ҳ˲ٵ鷳ιļˡͷӦˡ
żǰһ칤ҵ˼ͷȥ˸صʳˣﻹ˼
һȦԸȤҲͻȥİ칫ˡ
һȥܿ죬һת۵Ĺ°ˡ
Ϊֱ糿õĶȥ˻
ôվڿ룬ææȥָоֻˡ
һмúߵߣûʲô¾ͲҪȥˣҲǣĵʱͿӣҲ飬Ķ㶼⶯ֻҪʲô¾УҾͻȥ죬Ͼͻˡ
һһһһţÿһ͵һͷһ˶Ѿɵͷˣûнꡣ
ԭЩϣָһЩָ󣺡ʱˡ
̧ʱ䣬ȷʵЩˣͱˡ
ͷ۾ȴɬɬģˣ̲סŵſڡ
ѾˣǶݣվš
ûãͷһڣҡ
Īģһů΢Ц
һߣӶʱյģ翴ĲӾ綼ȥˣֱӻȥ
սȥͿĴ󴲣ڵʱ򣬳ǲȥģ뵽ǰĻҲûʲô˼ˣֱȥ
ò˵ȷʵǸܵˣǸˡ
һȦմȾϢᣬͦŵġ
ڣͻȻ֪ʲôˡ
ߺ죬һɳϷܲˣÿ춼ȥͻȻڼе㲻ϰ߰
ֵϣڿת˼ȦǾȥˡ
Ȼ˵ˣԺͻ壬ԼȥҲûʲô⡣
ôһ룬оԼҲͦԵģô˵鷳̫ˣĲӦˡ
ԺʹȥҽԺϴǼҽԺȻһУô˵ϴλʶһѣҲˣһ»ûʲôġ
úֱӹصƳȥˡ
Ϊıȥﶼܿɣ
ǰȥҪʮӣԼȥʮӾ͵ҽԺſˡ
Ĵһ£û뵽ϾȻǫ̂ﻹŶӵأ
Ϊʱ仹磬ҲȷôϴǸĵѻ᲻ҽԺĴεһ£һ뿴û壬ȻͦСģֻҪһϣͲ
εһȦû壬ҲûǸѡ
վȿ죺ϴôûģʲôأ
٣
һģͷӭһЦôҶûҵ㣡
ҸŮЦһ£ߵ粢ԱߣҸոտʲôϴκǸ𣿡
ҡͷ
ʲô
ԥһ£ϾǸʶȻĵÿģǲ͵ͷεĵز뻹ѡ˵ˣ㰡ٺһЦʣϴζûüʲô
СɣѾôҡ˵꣬ͻȻɫһݣ۵ıˡ
Ǹ粻֪ʸôͱˣЩ֪룺ѹҲˡ
ǿĲ֪룬СЦһ£ȥһˣûˡ
粻֪ôοˣֻСļ
ԭֻǱԿ̬ȣȻûֻûһҽԺˡ
˸ط졣
Сÿȥÿ죬ոջһıˣѾЦݲˡǸ綼ȡ
룬СԼѾɹˣ˿Ҳûʲô취ˡ
˵һʱµӡ̫ˣһС仰һֱʡ
类ʵЩΣֻûش𣺡ؼˣʮһż١
˰СȻЩȣֻǼ룺Ҳ
磺
شһ⣬СĵڶˣǲһˣûشСֱˣ
纹ûûУҾǼľҡ
Сţô򵥣
ͷ
С㲻ϲ
类ʵЩ£һʱ֮û˻ӦСһ㿴˵Ķ԰ɡı鿴硣
ŵϽϣǹǲܵģ
ȷʵ´סȥĵһ쵽һֱϵţ˺͹ǲܵģѶֻǶݵġһҪͶ̥ġ
ôܰСͬĿϲϲﻹ˹㿴ϲв˹ģģɵģʲôСо仰˵ú޽ޡ
磺û仰
Ҳ̫ƽˣиžͦõˣﻹô಻أ
СһЦ㵽ϲϲ
ƻˣ̾Զ
ҽԺ̨ţֱӿԿԶĵƻ
ϲϲûһǲ룬ʱѡڣʳŷԼôúһֱûӹ⡣
ڱŻȻԼǶʱЩﲻĸоƺغϲ
ôһ룬ͻȻһϲģΪ뱻ϲҡǹ
֪ϲþõòӦСЦ˶ۡ
ûСһʱ䷴ȴԵõ㡣
СҲǴȤ˵һͻ˻⣬ѡ
֪ûнѾʵ̧ͷգЩꡣ
㡭ǵǰ֪ȻЩʣĺ֪
ǵðСشһȻӡ
ΪʲôǵأüȻһֱԼѾʵôҲûҵԼ壬绹ʶΪԼѾˣΪˣԼŻЩ飬Ȼӵģ
üͷ˼̲סʣ㲻ǵ𣿡
ҡ粻֪ôֻͣܵͷ
ְСתͷſڣֲ²⣺᲻û
СĻǸ뼦Ѫ˲䣬СһҲôģ
С磬ֿڣϣ㸴𣿡


28

ʱȥļ, ȻǸߵΣջûн, Ҳ, СĵΪá
С, ȥǱСܾ, ֻ˵, 뿪ҽԺ
һЩˣΪʲô뿪ҽԺأ
ʣĳ, С̬Ծǲ˵, ҲˡϾ˲Ÿʶĵ, Ҳûͷκޱĵز
ȥʱ򣬷ֻԼ
ƺϰˣͻȻֻʣԼϰߣÿ䶼תһȦ, ﲻ֪ʲôоǺܲ, ˵ֲһʲôĸоֻһָоͷǿңŵЩ
ңָоɢࡣ
ڴ, 룬ϲ˰ɣ
Сû֮ǰû⣬Ҳûϲ˭
죬ʱͻȻԺһ˲䣬ͻȻ֪Ǹʱ˵ʲôˣ
һûа㾪ϲţΪͻ֪š
Ǵʲôʱϲģ
Ե޹ʵĳ￪ʼļĴڣʱֻ֪ǵˮ裬ֻǵϲǾôϲǵá
ȻԸƺΪĲһƢãʱ꣬ض໹˭档
ʱµҪǵ㲻֪ΪʲôϲյһɶἰҲұֳߡ
أദˣƢһĻ粻ˣҲϰˣϰڵ
ʱҲϿˮ΢˵ĹˣжᡣǸʱ绹ĬĬ²ֻϵ˱ƭˣʵʲô
ǣ֪ôأϲĻǻϲ
䵽һ㣬ͻȻͣ¡
ȥʱӡʧȥʶǰǽ룬ԺôԼüĶܡ
˵ȷеʱΣǾͿǸʱˣ
ֻǡôã綼ûз֣
ôһֿЦһ£ڷôأһ̶ġ˹;
һĴڵ£Ŵزû죬ȴѾЩ䡣
ΪҶڷżٵĽ׶Σһûʲô£ʱһڷй䣬߿ŵӻй䡣
ļҲ󣬵ҲСһʮƽ׶һ˵ЩտƵʱ󣬴ԺͿͷ鷿ܸԴ󣬿ɼԼƷʵҪ
ϰˣʱǻʱ࣬Ҳȥǲ֪ǲΪͻȻֵС˼ĴȻЩ죬ﲻԾĻܶ࣬ȥЩ·˯ĻһϮŪŶˣûˡ
˵ֻǸ
ֻһۣϵ¶ȾͲǣյͨ죬ò˳
ճûãҵˡ
ڣǸûһһ
ͻȻֵĴ̶һһӶȥԶ
ͣûһ
翴˰²᲻£ʲôҪ£Ҳͽˡ
սͨ绹ûü˵Ǳ߾žƲһѵĻ
ήҲڼһѵӻô㲻֪ھӹͶ𣿡
һ㶣֪һʾȻ
Ǳƺˣش죬Ǳĺһ֮ãſڣ֮ǰ˵ʲôˣ
˵һڶ֪ô˵ˣǰ̫֪࣬ǻؼңΪҪأ
Ҳû˵죺˵̫ˡ
㡭ҧгݣˣ
⡭Ҳ밡ҰѵӻСһ㡣
Ǳġһû
绹һ㣬û˵ͲﴫĺôǴĶϣЩЩȡ
æ˸⣺Ǳô
ɡڣڼû°ɣ˵Ļüסˣһȥôʰ㣡
ǸоѾߣѾˡһӣŶ
õĻشֻԼ֪Ժң㲻õбˣӾͿˡ
ŶӦ
ǡ͹̫Ѿûʲô˵ˣֱӹ˵绰
һֻŵ绰þûж
ոգ˵ʲô˵Ҫǰˣúڼҵ
ʣͻȻЩůˡ
Ҳûʲô£ǼᶨƵĳȥԼ塣
ճţһվƵȹ
ǽĻ̫˷ܣӳڶСʱˣߴ·û취ѡһͨ߰ɡ
վȺһҪĹ͹ˡ
翴Ŵ󲿷˶ȥԺŵβģڵĸ˾ʦǰŻůĵһ£עⰲȫϲָоһǻһ㡣
ȥһֻţ۽ǾͿһϤӰ
ͷʱ򣬹Ѿϣ˾ʦ˵ˡ
翴һԶȥĹװˡ
˻ȥվǰߵǸߣͻȻȥĿڣԷһ¡ǵЦ
СĿһº棬һĹʲôûС
˶˼֡
ҲŴչȥôѽ
ȻСĿҲ⣬üǰɫЩҰס
ͷû°ɣ
ʱһҲǵҽԺģСĽŲƶȥˡ
ҲŶˣֱӴᣬȥˣվСߡ
СĲǰʱһɫףȥ㲡
뿪վ̨
˼վ㣬СҲûҪȥ˼ͷŽĬ֪ʲô
Ҳ߿ȥ˰ԸȤҲתͷˡ
Ѿĩ೵ˣһվչȥǸСǰ˼һӵ£ԭĳʱճֻʣǰ˾ͳ˿ͻСˡ硭ˡ
СĽϧͣҲͷˡѰ˸λ¡
ûãǰͻȻŲ̧ͷͿվǰһЦ⡣̧ͷڣɰ
ֻǵͷ򵥵ĴӦһ¡
ںһ죬˵Ĺ졣
˴ʼʱͲԾֹǰĴ٣ǺȴٿϸĻһ£ƺÿһκкʱٵʱ
һΣٻѾߡ
ǿڴǰŵģΪԶСģͽѡ˸λá
£ЦЦҪȥҽԺ𣿡
ǡӦˣϤҲ˵̫顣
ŶͷѾ˰
һ𣬲ŵĿźþ˵
һЦתͷǰ˾λãСڣҿóǹ


29

ܿ, ˣֻ, ͬͨˡ
, ͨҽ˵, Կ̫ˣ
һķ, ڰЦˣ, ֻǡۣ֡ô˵أ㶮ɣ
ƺǲ̫ó̸, ˵˰Ҳûн, 翴㵸˰Ҳû˵ָԼ۾˵ˡ
ϸĴ˺, 䱸һЩǾ˵ǼҽԺ㶼Կң
ͷ
Ϊʲôװûۣź
Ҳñ֪ҿԿΪǻҵ࿴˵ţ۾Ŵ, ˵ʹࡣ
û뵽һ˵ʹϽǸԲ, Ҳǡ
û¡ҡͷתͷ磺ȥܾˡ
仰ôôЩۡ
һ磺ҸովͿԴ, ʶ𣿡
ҡҡͷȻֵͷͣһ²ʣʶСģ
ǰȥҽԺ˵ֽһЩŮǰҽԺҲ
Щ𾪣û뵽ȥСģﲻͬ顣ҲͻȻְϷ˵Ļ
һһʱͦģڼԴǱһ㣬ȫ˵ĻôֱֱĿԼĽ棬ȵվͻȻ̧ͷȥŵĵطվһֱͣһԾȥˡ
粻ҵ飬Ҳȥˡ
ող֪СҲֻǸо棬ھǵˣСӣ̫ȶ绹Сʲô
ȥԴֱֱĿǰ棬ľȻǰţǸоһʧȥż
硣
溫ڣ
е㵣ġֱԡ
Ȼ̫ϤҲֻ׽ŪΣҲ顣
ĻЦЦģ⼸춼ȥӻϹȥͻȥˣտʼҲͦĵģ۲˼췢ֻ￴Ҳû
ӦŮ˰ɣ룬ǰСһۣǸӰ̫ʹ͹¶ˡ
С纫˵ģûʲô̫ΪֻǵȵϣǸ䷢
翴˿Ǹ룬ôоôأ
ûͱһ£硣
СͷСһľȡͻȻÿһ
㡭СЦţտͻȻԽ磬ԴǱߣôˣ
ʶʡ
СûתͷǿЦһ£ѡ
⡭̫ˣ
û뵽СȻԴŮѡ
ֱԽ磬ȥСĵߣվһԥһ»ǹȥˣ߿Сģô˰˵Ҫʼ𣿡
һˣһǹСôС˵Ļ
ǾûôأСɶﲻͣ˵һЩǸ濴﷢ᣬҿ
ʮӣվڼ⣬һһСͷСģ˵ЦСĸ֪˵ʲôСϺʹ࣬Ҫ޵ı飬ȴûһ
̫ĲԴˣԳ³߲ˡ
ߣ֪ʲôʱվڣͬעͬһط
뿪ڣֲ֪˵ʲôֻôվ
Сֻ˲ã賿ʱˣ翴Сಽĸţĵĸȥ
ֻǣС᲻СģҽԺǰһȥˡ죺ɲ԰ңҡ
û˵Сһѹı顣
û취ȥҡ˵Ŷ˫ָϣʹࣺȥǾ߲벽׿ڸҿʼ˵ô࣬
СҲסС
ˣңҲʶκˣҲûܰˡС䣬š
ҡǺֻһСĿҲڣû˻Щ
ԥ˰죬ûлش
֪ˡСſڣתͷҽԺƮȥ
įıӰǲİǿˣ취ɡ
ѾƮȥһξСٻͷﶼžϲ
ȻеѣǡñѰġ
ָһʱ䣬Ҳмˣ죬ټҪǰǾиҲͻˡ
ôһ룬Ҳϣġ
ǡ̧ͷǵĿѾԶ˵Сģ֪ܲܵȵǸʱ
ʱ䣬ƾԼסĵͼǿźõһҽԺֻĿЩƫ
ǣҲ̫⣬ҽԺתһȦһȷû©Ȼȥ̫ƽ䡣
ȫҽԺɭĵطǾܾġ
ΪǸǸһ𰡣Ҳ°
ſڵĵѾ׹ˣҡҡ׹ӣܿȥҲûʲô簡ΪʲôǸƻأ
ֻһ£󱳾Ѿëˡ룬תĵط
߲ǽ͸ʪҡڲĵƣ棬˵о
籧ֱۿ˼
쵽£ŵƬͻȻǰŵһС
ȻͷһóѺЦ̧ͷͿһֻСڵ棬ץߵţ°벿ûǽ档
磺
˼
ȥֻûڣδү˯ء
ۣһܾ˯ɣ
ûĹ羶š
ιĹеһ죬һѾվǰסȥ·׼
ƾʲô˵׼Ͳ׼绹ˣڵĹʼ
Ǹſڵġ˵Żͷһİ
磺һ¹ȥ
ڵġ
û⡣û߼ǰͻȻˣû翴壬һѾڲϡ
̧ͷǰʱһͷ׵ϴү۾ߺˣ
类ʵĲ֪λشˣһҵ壬͡
ûСֻСܵǰδүشˣʬҶǵãûģȥɡ
磺ôоȥ̫ƽôѾأ
δүջؼ粱ذɡ
ǡ磺Ҿȷһ£̫ƽÿ춼ˣܼǵһԼȥɡ
˵ûоûСδүЩͷ
䣬̫ƽͻȻһЩ΢Ķδүֱתȥٹǰһ磺㲢ˡ
ҲŷҰ
ֻСʮӣƮŻȥˡ
ʱѾ賿㡣ڿһ¼ӣһӣ滮һҽԺ۾һɨʣµҲûмˡ
̾컨壺ҵʱĲḯû𣿡


30

, ڼұһεŵվȹ
Ҳʱϰߣȥʱʶѡͨ, ʵ, , ٶȺܿ죬뵽, ʱ⡣
յվ, ͻȻվĺ
͹ĺģҹ࣬ǽ졭
źûп, ƵƮȥ, ֱһںļϡ
һ˲䴩ȥıоúֱת, ٶ֮죬綼ûתġ
죬һ磬գգСڣô㣿
ôңЦţһĶĿġ
һ, ߵƵı棺ÿϳʲôܺһǸأ
ȥѰ˵ͻȻ۾һת, ź
ʲôʡ
ùվߴ٣ˣȥ
ʲôˣ˵һ߱ߣһ߿, ǵΧ˶۹⿴
ͱˡ
վڳм䣬һ˷ܣͲ߸һˡ
ڵҽԺֿʼߴٺ³žʹȥ˼ӻ
Ĳ磬ȴûСĹ
ԭһ˷ܵĹߵͻȻֲԶǿյģЩɵˣһܣҲûСӰӣˣ
Īı˹һ·һӵⶼûüʳͱһ䡰ˡ
ЩҪʲôʵʱ䣺ŵʮ
ʮ˰ʱѾˡ
Դ𣿡죬Щ˼ˣҪʲô𣿡
죬ͷ
ԺСҴһЩСģǹֻˡ
ǡСû
ٵȵȰɡ˵ֱӹȥȵϡ
㲻Ҫֵ𣿡ʡ
ûаҡͷҾǴȥĳˮ
´ˡǸһЦǸҲ֪
ûϵЦһ£¶ݣΪ
һֱȵ賿ҲûСĳ֣ûпСӰ
Щɻ󣺡ÿ춼ܿС𣿡
ü룺Ҳǣʱϲ鷿ʱ
Ǿˡ
üͷ룬ΪʲôͻȻ䣬СĲˣСˣ˵Ӧðǡʲô飿
ͻȻ̧ͷ᲻ˣ
ɣһżҲЩżˡ
ǻĴңȻһ߻ϡ˵꣬˾Ѿɳȥˡ
ºһˣ￴뿪ķ
ҽԺһ飬ûҵС
ʱҲǸջӣôʵе֪ˣһվԲˡ
ԷҡҡͷûС
ȥأ
죬ÿ綼ҽԺļӻСĺСһûټ
ϣյͿ鷿·ĺԷһƺɫ糣Ĺȥˡ
ûһԭ·ءЦһ£Сڣ͵ġ
ܲӵЦˣԺСĵϵʽ𣿡
գգۣҡͷ֪ȥ
ĵˣȻˡ
һϣš
Ҳûȶãĵػˣҡҡͷֻһֻ룬Ŵһ£Ѿעˡ
Ǿûа취˰̾ͻȻ۾һˡ
ѾˣҲ˵ͻˡСĵ˾һ֪Сĵϵʽ
ôһ룬оϣˡ
ЦתͷҽԺһСһת棬ÿ϶
Ȼܻȥˡ
á
ϣҲ֪ܼܲˡһС
Ϊ̫˷ܣǷɻˣٶȺܿ죬ûþ͵ˡһͽˡ
ͻȻо̫ԣʱ򣬿ôŵư
һӽ߶Ƚ״̬ܣ˭ô󵨣
ϵĲڼϹȥһʲô
Ҳ֪ʲôʱģѾϴּϣԡ۱˫ۿ硣
ǸɸЦȥˣⲻǰ첻ܳȥ
ֱһۣаˣ
ȥùһƿֱ֭šͺ˼ڣȻ£硣
˵ʲô߶綼ôţǡգʲô˵ǿ綼һֱ͸С˼ĸоˡ
죬ջߣڿϣôû롭
ˣˡڵȵˣϽȵĻش

İĻȫûѺ𰡣
ˣˡ
һ飺˵ɡ
ʶһͷȥ
ҿˡ
ȥˡʵش
ȻأүƵġ
ѣʹӦæˡһ˵ˣ
죬ûжһ̧ͷͿһŭǲûӰǰŵʱƹˣԼδ֪ΣأĳȥأǸ˵ӣﵹæࡣ
Ƿֿô죬ҲˣҲֻˣ
ͷһ˼һԶ⣺ôϲأ
ͣ˰죬Ҳ練ŬŬ죺˭ˣ
̧ͷ
ֺİ˭ȥˣʲô첻ˣ
ˣʱ˻šȥСĺŮѰ˵һ֪СĵŮ˭ֲһ䣺ڼӻĹ
ŶһȤӣôˣ
ҡͷ˶ˣҲˡ
ˡֱ֣ӽȥ˯ˡ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱģǶ賿ˣĵĺԼ˵ôһ̯ӵĻ
ߵſڷûиҪصˡ
ٺһЦӦˡ
תͷôûԾأ
ģϰ࣬ڶ˯Ͳѡ
һҲ˯һţȻҸȤĵӾ磬ʱúܿ졣
ʱͿſɳϣȣһĿġ
һ۵ĻǡӾ磬һװ磡
һָŵӻʦ˧˧
ɣ
ʣǸأ
ҲС
磺۹ߡ
תͷſȥˡ
ںϰĵһ죬յãˡ
ֱ֣վͺ
Ȼġǡ
һʶˡ
ֱӹȥ칫ǰ˫ֵһļܣԴϡ
֪ˣȥɡֽӹͷû̧
ۣ̫װˡ
һ۵ɱЦȵĹȥˣлл
Сĵϡ
ҲŴչȥ
󺰣ǵַ
һ᲻֪һ磺㡣ŷһҳ
СĵϺܼ򵥣򵥵鶼ûж٣ҵһҹ湫˾һ֪꣬ʲôԭְˣȻߡ
üͷûԭ򣿡


31

ʲôϡİһ̧, ǷϾƮڰ, ǰٵļǸַ
Ȼ󻹸°ȥ
ܾ, ҽҪӰࡣ
Ųأʲôడںջжٹ
ָŲ棺Ƕǡ
ڰ칫ˣ, ͵ȥ
ֱӾܾ
翴ߺߡ
, ĥӲ, ǿǴӦˡ
ٺһЦƮȥˣһ㲻ˣ
ǣһ仰˵˵ĺ, ƻϲϱ仯죡
°ʱ, ͿʼߴϽȥСġ
վžͱƿˡ
һתͷ, Ϳδġ֣
һӣǱһѪƵģֱĿĿ˵ʲô㶼׼Ӧ
һ룬Ͱˡ
֣ûн˼վſ, һѹһ仰ȥҸ𣿡
, ֣ΰ˵ҪʦҲѣ֪֮, ûҪ˶˻Ҫڰɣ
Ӧ
վǰ
Էʲôû˵ֻһͷĶֱ֮Ӵ洩ȥ֣һͬ뿪ˡ
ͻȻЩվסҪҸһ£ȴֵʱ򣬴˹ȥ
ʵһǹ
ϲˣ
컹ûȫĺȥվڶ¥ĴϣӰϦ̫£տսڱ䰵
еĵƹ̫Ƕʧȥ˹
ڵȵڣûԥǰһԾ
յҽԺſڣͺɵ˺
ԷŲ֪ĶͷٵŽݡ
վһҽ
ԷĽŲͣһ£̧ͷķ򿴹ȻһЦҪΧˣֱӵתŲķ
һ߽ȲڣҵԴסַˡ
õСĵĵַˣ
ͬʱڣȻһ룬һЦ˳
Цоѣ۾ź
ͷ糭ĵַóͬʱҲ̯֡
Ա˵ĵַȫһ̧ͷĸģ
ҡͷȥɣأ
һͬͷ˱Źվȥˡ
ڹվ˰죬ûҵȥ·û취ֻ˾ʦȻ󱻸֪Ҫתң෴
һ仰ܽᣬ볭·ȥطǾǡ쿪
˿ѡĵطŵǸַ
ֻǣŹԽԽоԣȻϣҲϴģԽԽĹ˾
ȵ³ʱ翴Χʱüͷ嵽һˡ
³Ĺ˾ףΧҵûпС
ŵַֽԽԽȫ֮ǰ
ĵطǸҵȦģһ°ʱ䣬ÿ¥ˣҲֻиһЩ˻ڼӰࡣ
һתͷͿű߬ķֽڲԶ·
һ̣翴źıӰЦˡ
أֲûᵱҽأ
ط٣տʼм·ÿκʵʱ򣬶ԷʾΧ̫ϵﲻæ
ʱԽ˸ˣûˡ
ȴվڽϣո³ĵص㣬Ҳ׵ľ롣
Щй˰ɣַ϶ϹģûеġȥǸɣ
СǲܷȻһסַҹ˾ʦҲ˵ŵλãǾʹУǲܷһΪ;Сĳʲôô죿
һ˵ôһλң˵Ļеȫ޷
һµͷԣǼ
˵ĺܶԣһַֻȽƫƧأһǷˣС벻ô죿
һϯȼ˶־
˷ܶ˴ҹΧߵĶˣûκƵĵطСֶûС
໥һۣ磺컹ҪϰɣҲˣ㻹Ȼȥɡ
ȥɡ˵žȥ·ˡ
磺ԼԻȥ
⳵ĺ˻֣绹ͦ˼ġҲûܾȥˡ
һ·ϣΪ˾ڣҲۣҲͲʱ˾ʦʻͺòĻش
ϳǰĵַҲʵĸˡ
˵ַǮ³ų⳵ߺתعͷ磬Цһ£ȥɡ
վں棬ЩǸ⣺ʵ㲻ģҲҵġ
˵ʲôأߵߣһŮôԼؼң
ͣҾһʲôõĵģ
ƺû뵽ô˵һ㶼ںʱǹô˵˭˵ͲΣˣ
һӣЩ㶣˺ſڣллȥˡ
ͷ΢ЦĿȥ
߳ԶͻȻͷôˣûгôȥ
õĵĵġ΢Ц
翴˿ʱͲӦ
˵һ飬ЦˣѵͣȻߣҹŵ˾ʦô죿
ǵҲûеһûпǵڲȳȳٻȥ
İɣԼԡ
֣Ҳû˵ʲôһƶתǣһԾѾʧڰС
վһֱĿ磬̧ͷգѾ˵ЦͻȻֻصϣԽԽơ
죬Ὺڣأ
ֻһ룬ԭѾûˡ
ʱѾҹСһ㣬ûҴߵš
սƻͨĿЩ⣬һŵ߽ȥͿɳϵͷֱ߰һҺ塣
ͷһ£Щɻ˴ϵĲ˯˼أ
߽ͻȻ̧ͷȥˣ
һվû֨
ȥˣվ˵ڶ飬ԵĴŭڵӴĶҲ˵һԼˣ
⻰Ͳ˰ɣ̧ͷʲôв˵һҺ˵ˣ㵽ͷǸ֣ˡ
üȥСˣ
֮У֮¡翪ڣƹȥ֪Ӧ£Ӧء
ڹ¿
֪ضĻôȽҪչˡ
˿վİɣû£ɹ˻ܳʲô£˾ǻҷ£վЦһ£˯ɣ첻ǻϰࡣ
˵꣬ǽڣȥԡ
վԭأ죬૿ڣҲ¡
ȥʱڴ֪ôͻȻܰġ
ջصʱ粻ˣҲѺǸʱ֪ôͻȻĻţܻţǶҪһȥȴ֪ȥ
ǸǸˣǹţûȥҹģ
ɳϣĺơƣ
һϴǱߵĴ˲ϣһƬڰ۾Ŀûнܾ࣬ãͻȻһת۾


32

һ, ǼƺѾȥˡ
һһ硣
üͷܱܲǰˣ
Ϊʲôʡ
Ρһ, 
ҲֻǼ, ȻʹҪ, 㡣
ˢһ, ˢó, Ļش𣺡ԳԳԣ֪ϹĴεҳˣ
ûлش, ǴһЦ, ˢž, ȫЦ⡣á
ɳϣţȴûЦ⡣
·ոǼЦֻǸġ
⿴һķ򣺡֪á
¹ȥˣû, Ҳûʹ
ڵĹ˾һ붼ڿ, ˵֣֣ΰλãǣ˾˶ף, ¡
ȷľܾһΣ֣Ҳûᡣ
ֻǣԽãԹΪڹİ칫ҡ
ϸյ칫Ҳã°ǰһֱŮһڱţһ߲ϱ仯ƣԼġ
ҲĸоͦģҲϲ˼ѹȥ
һ춼ɳ
ֱ֣ˣĳʱ俴һۣɣ°ˡ
Ŷ緭ȥɣҾȲȥˡ
˵žߡ
һڣվס
תͷһǵȥעⰲȫġ
죬ڣȥɡ
û˵ʲôˣ翴һţˡ
룬֪˭
մţͿվ֣Ű
ͻȻЦˣף㡣
˿ȥ¥
Ȼ֪ܣǻⲻЩġ
ոճĵף˿վ¥̲סСˡ
ܣΪʲôҪΪʲôϲˣ
¥ݼ䣬ڡ
ʮѮڵԽԽ磬ûоȶãҹĻˡ
һԾȥǸط
̫ˣûʲôˡ
յͿѾڵĺЦһº
ͷҪָо˲ףЦһ£һ¡Ȼ߹ȥС˵Ҵһ£ӦȥǱС
Сĵͷź˼
˲ãĿСֻõǸַǰϣڽֵԣԶûа
Ҳһ̲ͣţش𣺡ǲӦסһתͷͿϵ磬͵һ˵ˣ׷
֪̾˿ԼܷϾҵСˣ
ڶϣûʲôջ
źڻ̳Ϣ˰Ѹ췭˸飬Ƿˡ
ֽǻһɣһַ
Ĳףˣ϶ҲĵַҲһҵǻȥһַһǸأ
ڣϵĵַпҵСĵĹؼʧҲмˣʲôһģǾ˵ʱ䡣
Э̺ãȥˡ
úͣһ˻ȥ
ٶȲһ뵽飬ͻȻôȥ
ĥĥ·ϣҹ·ֻĳεţʱ򻹻һ³⳵ͻȻһ˵ʱĸо
λƵģ͵ˡ
սȥֿȻҹ
ˣкô
ҡҡͷߣôҹˣ
¼еˡ˵ͣһ£һƹȥ㡣
翴ţЩЦãҳԲ˰
Ŷϰˡ
Ѹ׼뵹Լٵĳ
ôţͻȻЦĳó󰡣
ٵĳ˼ڲ̧ͷһΪһҸ˶ôѾҲӶˡ
ĸоǳԱˣˣûˡ
û翪ڷĻᣬֱһֽǰǵַ
Ǹַڡ˵ĵַ޷ǾСϵĵַ
Ŀ磺˼ǹ˾Ҳ£
練Ӧһ£ǡڽͣ˵Сϵĵַڡ
ĸҵַվ˶ҲһϵķʲôУ
ҧźһޣͶ̥ģ˭ȥһֽ
ȷʵõĵַһ࿴˼飬ĬĬļ
˷ֻȥ¼һ˯
Ѿǳһ֪Լûرˣǡرϲʱ
Ȩ֮ʣˣȥĹȥ
һϲڷٺһЦӦƮŻȥϡ
һ룬ǰ䱻صĴ
磺
֪ġƲƲ죺㻹˿ôأ
Ժͣ˼룬û˻Ӧ
ŬŬ죬棬תŴ⣬֪ѾСˣʱһӣȻҲûиıٰɡ
ǣʱĺܿ죬һΣĸˡ
Ѿʼˣֻоɹƽӡ
죬ʵʵĴڰ칫ɳϷ֣ɻƺһûоܾԺ֣ĸڿˡ
Թսȥûأ֣˾Ѿˡ
תһء
һһǳȥɡ
á˵ȥ칫棬̧ͷȥ֣ﲻ
֣һ㶣ȻЦҡҡͷѸŵӰƱһҲûҿ˵ͣһ£ϱͻȻѹŵѹǰҸȥġ
ָԼ侲
λһ£ģ
֣ϱлϲϰ˵㣬ǿԹٽȥ
ɨһŵͷԡ
û뵽һ磬֣ҲֻΪһҹ
ŹϣſڣԵ㡣
ü˵ʲôȥôС͹µųڳֻ׵ˡ
ǰǰĵͷԺ׵ˡ
۾ǰڣĳһһװģŮһϮɴ
ܰء
˵ʲô
ͷ͵۾ǰŴոԺֵĻʧȴ֪ôأӡһ̣بЩ
ûʲô緭Цһ¡
ǸЦôЩ
ʱûڰ칫Ҵţȥ¥
ȻĲܳȥ棬ֻܶӰ£Ϻõ⡣
°ǰ֪ôͻȻ
ͷô¥ˣ
һȥڡ
ҡҡͷҪȥСĵġ˵תȥ棺أ


33

Сĵ, Ϣʱȥҡķ򣬿档̫, ɫ䰵
ˡתͷ, Цһ£ȥ, ٵȵҲҪȥˡ˵һ˻ȥȥɡ
ദô, һһĿ֪ʲôո, Եᵽһˡʱﲻãȥ
˵ָ꣬оԡѾǹˣôܻ˿, ָ˿ڣʶµĹˣ
Ĭһµͷ, ĵġ
˼䣬ֻˡ粻ÿ֪˭, ߴһ£ȥɡ
Ŵû˵ȴ߳ԶͻȻͣ£磺ǲϲˣ
ͻȻһֽ߬š񽻻˲䣬ֻо·ٴͣ治ðġ
, ЦˣûϲҾͺá
ͻȻ, ɿȫû뿿ǽϣȴѾǶ档
ֱҲĽŲ, ۾ʹࣺŬŬȥϲ㡣
ںǸַȥ
ڰ·ȺͺϣȻһȥ
ĵַƫƧûС
Źյվ˳Ѿ˵ˡ
һܣѾӲݣƫƧط
һۺ᲻ˣ
ҡҡͷ·ͼ˵Żóֻ翴
ƭˣǻܡ죬Ͱ·ͼȥ
ֻǣԽԽƫңΧʼߣǻס˵ĵطշµֿʼˡתͷһо·ͼĺֲ֪ò˵
תȻڣȻ̧ͷǰָ棺ǰһ״иתǣӦǱ߰ɡ
е
ôˣѾȥǰתͷ
Щԥлл㰡˵иҵ飬ȴôĵİҡ
ҲҵĲ˰Ц˵߰ɣǿҵСĲҪġ
ЦŵͷƮŸϺ
һ·ֻϵĵ·ͼţҲ֪˶Զֻʾˡ
ǣܻһƬߣͻȻһ˿˿ĺ¡
֣ס½ǣ㲻оԾ𣿡
תûа
ָŲԶͼʾӦɡ
˳źָ򿴹ȥȻһڣֻǡ̫ˣûп
߽һ㣬ĸˡ
ȷʵסǺ٣໥֮ıȽԶոԶΧлĲݵţС
ֻҪסŵĲǷˡ
ͺ໥һۺ߹ȥ
ܶǰɽֻмһƽأ󣬶ҶǵסӲһкһҲƽģֻǡЩ֣ΪʲôǻڿҰ⣿ôߵĵطҲֻ⼸ʮҵסδҲ̫˰ɣУΪʲôûһסƣ
ЩʿŲ¹⣬緢ΧǻĲݣһ˶ˡ
طͲסˡ
תȥԷҲһɻӣԥ˰죬˵һȥǰš
ǰŵǰдһ֣ӦСļûˡ
˰ţҲû˻Ӧտĵؽر죬ź󱳺ë
һӵʱ䣬š
ЩܲˣǰֹӦûˡУ˳ˡ
һˣ޹
ڶַϡ
ڣֻʣºһַˡ
һصĵַȻһҶҲоûҵءôЩ죬˵ǸҲ°
ȥʱѾҹûʲôоΪ˵ĺÿȥһۻˡ
ЩǸΣ治˼鷳ôãԼͿˡ
ЦЦһˣֵࡣ̧ͷգ㿴ǡ
ĻЦҲ̧ͷȥ
ٿԿڽ⣬ûҹ޺磬ΧɫͻȻоܺãɡ
ǰҹ
һţͿɳϣ翴һۣô˯
¼ءشһ£עתϡ
ȻطˡתƮȥˡ
սȥûãûһͽˡ
һ֣ϴ䡣
ֻǣϣֱ
תͷͿһˮԶ棬һ磺ҵˣȻҡһͷһ֪ûҵ
磺ϺȲˮҲʧߡ
һۣºһڣһߣյġ
ſȥˡ
ĵַ빫˾̫ԶӦúܺҡûڡ
˭˵ģˡ
ôܣüͷǸطȦⲻԶǰ·
һӣ
Ļûɹ˵ƭոĻ뵽ȥĵطЩˡ
棬һʲôӡ
̯Ǹַ˵ҵġ
ԥһ£óֻٵİ˼µݹȥ㿴𣿡
ڿĻϵĶһ̣ë
·ߣͺ·߲̫࣬˸
̧ͷҡҡͷԡ
ָһ棺ȥ򡣡
üָķŴʲôûУֻһƬĵء
磺ûʲô£
ֻǵߴ·Ҵķвǿǣܸŵߴôࡣ
Щģ᲻ǡǸһֱȤֻˡ
ôһʣҲЩˣһ½飺ΧǻĲݣҺܸߡȥǱҲֻǼסûκˡһƬž
ոֻǸо֣ھôһʣŸо졣ټϸոĵ·ߣǵĵ·߳˸ԵĴ󣬲һߴ·Խġ
Ǿǡ졣
һʱ䣬˶Ĭţ֪˵ʲô
˫ֵ֧ϥϣʮָͷ˼š
ôŵͷ˼Բ
üͷ۾߲֪ﲻϵʣεûнӴҲȷǲǸģǻ˭أ
۾ֱǸˣǣЩ˵ͨ
һԼȥͱˣԽӰ죬ڣһ磬ûʲô飬ҴӽϵҲû˺˼
Ǿˡ
죬̧ͷ龭˵һ飬©
һĵͷ
ͺͶ鶼˵ˣǣ粻֪ô£֪һǸˣ˵ʱҲһĴ
˵꣬ſڣһǸǸ˰ɣ
һ£ûмʱϡ
ƶһɫЩˣ͹ûϵСҲû£ڲо̫𣿡
ûа翴
ûУ͵أվǰһǹͬ࣬һС㣬ôҶ㡣㶼ܿ涼һȥˣ˽֪᲻Ầϴε黹㳤ǹ֪֪Ѿˣ
ôͷһĻΣͷ֪ǹҲ֪ʲôѸý
˵仰һֱͷͻȻ䵽ףԭûǹǹ


34

һ, ʱѾڣҲѾ, ͸ȵش, С̨
ڴ, ۾ֱ㶵Ŀ컨壬ͻȻקͷµͷ, һڵ£У
, ķӦ֤󣬲֪ô£ͻȻһֲ, ļ, Ϯֲ࣬һֳ˵, һӸӣֻʣ·ŭûӵһԵ˵Щ󣬾Ȼ, Ǹ
ķӦһ̣ʼ, ڸո˵ػ뿪ڰοֲ֪˵ʲô
˴, ȥԼĴϡ
ڴϣ۾ݺݵĶŵϵͷ·Խһ
ʱɳϿţʱһ˲ܣǻû
죺ʲôͣ
죺
áתͷֱӽȥ䡣
תͷŵеţ滹ڣ˵ʲôˡ
ϴٶȺܿ죬Źʱͳˣһ׾ͳȥˡ
ţǶԷû߿վԭذ˻ȥ
ȥĿ죬Ҳͦ죬ûһ򿪵ֲԾվ
һžͿһнվ˫ָһЩߵ߲ſڣĻ˵ˣ㣬Сһ㡣
Բ𡣡ͷӦȫġ
ˡϣǣԷɡ
̧ͷ۾ŹصĵͷáƮȥ¡
ӿһۣͻȻһЦˡ
ࣺ緹
磺ҪԵˡ
棬
賿ǳһķر򿪣淢һʬ壬ֳµϢһĵӡ
һʬ־Ѿתͷӻɨĵطһһɨĵطͺȥĵط
ԷҲע⵽ķ̧ͷʣôˣ
ȥĵطָŵӻ
ӻбŵķתͷȥԿӽǾֻܿһӰ
һ˵еƹȥӻ
治̫ȶΧĻ΢Ļζȫ˽ȥǻ˵ĲݣҲа˶ߣӲһ·ӿݣƽζЩ
ٽһ㣬һƬķأʮǰһǸѾٿ棬һϾʯбڲԶ
üͷĿ뿴ıʲôûиʱ䣬һΣ˻
С·ʯҲͼʮʱ䣬һ΢ΣĲȴסˡ
תͷͿͬһվ硣
б˹棬ſڣô£
һ㣬Ҳûסۿĳһ죺ȥ֪ˡ
˵꣬߻ȥ緹
ո˵ߣڻûг֣ĵҲǸֳѡ
Թ֣˵绰ٺֱӴ籼
·Ҳ˿ȥҪһСʱ
ǵʱΧѾϷˡ
ͣóȥˣһֻصϣ𣿡
ڳ̽ͷ濴
Ϲɫ̫һӽǣȷǲǡü˰죬ҡͷҲȷ̫ˡ
ҲüĶ˵ˡ
ϸĻţһ˵
Ǹֵš
˵ţֵҡ˵ִͨˣôַܻ¹ŵšвԶ
ôһ룬֪ʲôˡ
̧֣磺
һΣھֻʣԼԿóž͹ȥˡ
ǷʬֳʬߺֻΧһߣΧҲֻвľ졣
ֿڳϵһΧѾʼȥж
նоˡ
ɫƽվֱľ졣
߽㿪˿ڣǰĹҹݡ
Ǹ´һȷûйϵ˼仰뿪
Ѻ磬Ļķһۣ뿴ѵı顣
˵꣬ͷһñһһˡ
ã洫˵˵ѣôȥ
еԿ׷Žڴžȥ
ʱϿĲ̫վԶ㻭ĵطͣһ£ܣüǰߡ
Ѻȵļͣʣôô
ڣʵĲͷڣͣ
һ룬ͱˡ
ߵǸʯǰͣ£󣬲Զǹ·ĳѾߣķ򿴹ȥӰӰ´¿Уһи߲ݵţ뿴ҲҪһ
žĳʧתͷȥ
ǰһڣڿһľƹײģѾû˹׸ǣΧڿʱӵܶǡǸڵӻûпʯ⡣
ڿǰͻȻͣˣз۾ʯ
ʱһһȥȴûж
ԭͻȻоˣĽŲˣһʱЩˣѺı̣û°ɣ˵û˵
졣棬һ˲Ͱˡ
ǳһŶһ㣬˲䰲˲١
ֲźۼ档
Ϣûκζ
ӺͻȻ˶վתɲе˦˳ȥ
һûжۿţŶԷͣ²ſڣ˭
ǰ˫ֻϺҵĨʲŷ֡
һô㣿
㡣ˣһͬڡϵ۾Ŷˣô
⻰ɣҲɾϵˣʲôϵ
ûлش´ź
ԷȥҽԺİ״ӣһɫװԵƽֻ͡ǡ۾ȥЦܻһرĸо˵ʲôо
˳ĬһӺſڣµˣҵ
̧ͷĿʶԴôһͻȻʲôһȻˣǲһֱ㰡
ûоʲôر𣬵ڴӱ˵ĿͷŤźۼüûлش⣬תȥǸбڵϵʯմһЩ
һ˲䳡Ҳû׷ʣߵ紦˿ͬķ򣬲Բ
ܾãſڣǸܿˣ
ˬش߽壬׵ķʯ档
ǱţԷĶͱ飬üȥ
һ˵ˡ
תͷȥľ


35

, ʯַĸо, ۾, ʱĴ»صԺ, ΢һ̧ʯ, , ΢һ˲۾תͷȥľ
ûκı飬üͷ, , ϸϸĿΧ
βվֻȷĵطǷҪȷǲСġ˵, ĸɾϵĻҳת뿪ˡ
ι
𺫶ͣһ£ûתͷ
ʣأ
תźⲻ°ɣ
ôأʣ߹ѡ
ǣ̧Ƥһۺڿȷ, ǹҹܵĹ
ԶȥӰ, Ṵǣһأ
תͷǸʯֱĹӣһһ˵ſԶ, ս
һϳ²ĵ壬Ȼų
һȲѯʣôôǲСģ
ûлش𣬷һŭĿ磬е㲻֪νֽ̽һ£
ҲôʶǸҽģԺͶɡ˵ֱ꣬ƴشת̣תͷŹ·ڶȥ
㷴Ӧ˼룬˵ʲôҲе㲻ģˣ
ûлش
һ۽˵ͦõģæСģ
ˣ
ͻȻشһһĻҲ̽˶۾ֱ㶵Ŀ
ֱӰѳͣ·ߣתͷ磺˵ˣҼס͵ҵģ˻Բˣ˵ǲܣ뷴ȴҼҰȥԺٹ£ĸգ
粻ΪʲôֻǽһͷôƢǻˣ⼸ӴóĽۣǡӵĿһۣһ
뿪Щ
Ƣһ·϶û˵һ˳Ĭ
³ǰ֣
û˵ֱ˽ȥ
ȥŰ˰ԲҲ㷢Ǹ˶ûʲô˼ڱ㡣
³뿪
Ժ󣬾췽ȫϢ֪Ҳֻ˵ЩģûС
˼٣ȥҲûʲôջ
˱ˮϣ۾ȥһ磺Сġ
͵̧ͷ
ڻشڳʱ⣺ǡΪʲôأʡ
ⲻСɱڳ³ȥʱѾΪʲôҪôãСĹȥҽԺȻģҲûҪȥ뷨
ΨһĿܾɱǡϸֲܡСΪ˺ƣôܵأڲ׵µˣҲصɱɵĵز
˵СĵʱҲǸˣ죬˼硣
Ǹˣ̧üһ²˵˭ҽȥҽԺʱ
ʣÿζˣ
ҲǡҡͷһСʱûСָָǴҲ֪֣ΰʲôϡ
ᵽ֣ΰüͷԵһ壬촽ĸˣǴε£ҲҲйϵأ
ôܣ粻ţͲʶ
ǡһ
Ӻһˮ֣ΰǸŮٳֹ𣿡
磺пȥͶ̥ˡ
˰ۣôͶ̥ĻΪʲô⣿
ҡҡ죺Ҳһûأ
Լ˵оûôֻһ¡
һ˵һ磺ʦôģͻȻЧ𣿡
ͷ
˵ԴֻҴǸ첻صĺҲڴ϶ɼ£ΪʲôأΪǸŮڴΪʲôҿһûκ⣬֣ͳ飿ΪҴ㣬㿴õ֣һͨˣЩԣҲڵʱ֡
죺Ҳ֤й
ֱ壺˵ǸһֱҽԺεΪʲôǰûƫƫǸϣ
ΪΪҲͲֱСǺˣҲǡ
ҪǣÿһζǸҽ仰㹻һ
æ̧ͷ˵
ֻһƣڿ棬ĿĿ磺ĶΪá
翴һηĳǸô
ǰпƲ飬һȫһ𣬾˿ϣػģȴҲҲκλػԡ
ģĶô޷
ȥĴûͺͺѾҪʮˣԽԽ䣬һװ磬ͬʢġ
ͷǷҵĺش
ۣ޷սᡣ
ȥ˼СʱҲ벻֤Ǻˡ
Ķ
һ洫ǳĺƽȣ֤Ѿ˯ߵǰһԾȥ
Ƶֻصȥĵطţ绷һܣûʲô쳣ѡ߽
߽ͻȻԱӲݴһӾתȥ
ģģһӰµӲ˳Ų첻нС
û¹ϣ˭Ҳ˫ֽ߬ȭһ˲˲ĶǸ򿴡
ǸӰԽԽ粻Ծһ
֪
ͻȻԶĺӰһ㶣˼벻ȷĿʣ
ҹﴫЦһֱš
ңЩţô֪һ
ԥһ£Ҳ
˵䣬ѾߵǰһóֵֻͲ˵ǰ
Ź翴˺
ûŴʱ䣬ѾĹȥԣָŹײϣҷץۣƺץµġ
ֵͲĹ棬翴ȥԺĿ塣
ץۺأʱµģǡֲ̫
Ǹץ棬ڹײĵһǣ߿ȥһ˿׸ǡ
λãٴοڣҲС
ڹ׸ǵ棬װмλüǣûôأץҲôȡ
ջأתͷҼ򵥵һ飬ץӦ˫˹ײʱµġҲӲ˹ĺۼľ᲻ãӦֲУŸȥˡͣһֽ˵ץۿϣǸʱµġ
ǡ̧ͷΪʲô
粻ĵطں˵˼Сɱģ粻Ϊʲôɱһѡô̵ĵط
ǳ³ķĹ죬ڡĹӣҰ췢ֵģǸʯС֣
վߵ˲Զ£³֤ҿģǡһ磺˵һҪڤ顣
ڤ飿ͻȻ֪Щܲˡ
ͷԴ˵ͳ³һĻҲǱҽԺӳ˰֤ʱ䡣ֻǡû뵽
ڣûκ֤ݿ֤Сɱ


36

ʱ, ֱӴ̨ûһ˿춯, ΧҲǾĵ, ȴĪѹ
ʼʶСĿʼ, һֱͦϲ˵ģҲм, ȻСĿ, İСĵһˡ
ֻǣˣȴһ취û, ﲻʲôæ
ͽȻ, һִܸУԭʲôˡ
, ҲͲһ˰ɡ
ϣ̾
ߵͦð
һͻȻľбڶվš
һ˲Ļңֱվ
۾, սҵԡ
ûСæֻͣǡСɱ
ɱһüë˭˵ġ
ҡԥﲻϼ˺˵, ڡĿɨţĪЩ¡
󣬻ѡ˵ȥˣﲻɱֳ
̱ȥ£Ǹһ¥ɱɱ
֪Ϊʲôᵽ, ʵĻش𣺡ֳɱ
Щ·ϵĳأ
ͨ¹ʡ
ʦ֣ΰأ
ͨ¹ʡ
ش⣬ͻȻˣ۾
ԷһȻаŪһҤС豭
ĻСĵڴе
Ǹ̨ɱδɱˣЩ·ϵĳиڲţεҲδزǺǼۻء
ôһ룬̧ͷǲҪǣ
Ĭһſڻش𣺡ڲȷ£ǲҪ˵ˡ
ǡ룬ǣңҪճĺѣңҪʲô
ʱеһ£Ǻ;ۻǼйأٸҸҲ١
˵ҲϾǼҲȥܳʱˣңǴξۻԺƺǸҲûгֹ⼸Ҳûзκε쳣飬ҪҳǸʲôҲЩѶȡǣεǸйϵǰ¸棬ҲԿҵǸˣֹĶ
ǡĺ鷳ˡ
Ҳֿұ˰æˡ
룬Ӧˣһġ
Ӧˣվ߳ȥŲһתֻˣʱңҪ̫Զ
̧ͷȻ˵⻰ʱûʲô̫ı飬Ǻůصĵͷá
ǸĿУ硣
ڣֻˣǼ٣紦ЩΣգһͨ࣬˵ܱҲֻϵѺˡ죺ֲԾ̽ȥѺ棬ҪǸ˳ʲôӣȱԼˣҲܽģĺ٣ֻϵѺԱ㡣ֻҪԼˣҿ档
ЦŴӦ
ƺֿô߶ˡ
ܿôá
һʱ䣬ֻȥһİϴתͷŴ˼
ʼ飬Сĳ£Щ¶ǸۻйϵĻ߬ȭͷ˾ԭ¡
Ϊһ˽ô޹ȥﵽԼĿģ˾ӦµǧضǱˡ
СĳиһѶϢǾǡˡˣ
ֲһʱѾ˵ˡ
վڴߴ򿪴ͼææܵſڣһܻһߴߴţ㣬㶼Ҫٵˡ

ĻӦһƿȥ䡣
󣺡ôһôð
ûش⣬۾ǽڡһֱߴߴ˵ԴۡŲͣһһͷ죬ˡ
һӽվ
һִֻţһϡ
ӶͷҪǸ㣬̨ص𣿡
⣬Ҳһ
Ȼ˵ᣬֻһţСĶҲޱȡο˵
ֻǡǸʱ绹ȷѾ˯˲Ÿ뿪ֻǲ뾪˭֪Ȼ֪
ôһ룬ͻȻЩܡ
ǹ˯óԺȣͬǸˣһҹû˯ôֵ֧סѾʮˣʹ˯̨һɣ
ôһ룬ոʱӣﲻЩġ
ҶൢתƮˡ
ǿžϴ꣬ȥﻻ·ų
һɨһɳ粻ڣҽҲûŵĴһۣҲûˡ
ͻȻһֲõԤУϸ룬ֱܡ
㲻Էˣ
ͻȻתͷͿվڲԵſڣżҩ
һʱű˷ŭ۾ݺݵĵ硣
뿪ûһ֪ǵүˣôһͱˣգգۻʳˣǸ
졣ָ󲽾͹ˣһѶĶȥĲ֨ư𣿡
ҡ类ͻȻƢһͷ˰˵һĻҿеðȥøðҩˡ
һƣŵȷʵǼиðҩһĻɢһ룬ͷҩʮ̧ͷΪǸˡ
һΣǰ˵һ仰ŵǣΣһĸоҧ´þò֪˵ʲôôͷŵ档
ǵһΣӣЩ¶˵仰
һ䣬ʵʵڵĹϵĻ
죬ǿеɬ̧ͷӽҸߣһ롣
һ룬ࣺ˵Ļ˵
ЩЦȻϲӣǡƺϰȻЩףͻֺͨãǣĹǰʵˣûصԸûڵ
緹Ĳ϶³ҩĥȥϰࡣ
ٳǰʵܲ˶ߵħ䣬һץϵļҩУŽ˹İˡ
Աߣ˰ɣ
šٺһЦȥѺ档
徲ˣ˸ۣ
һ磬ո˾Եĸоղԡ
ĴҺ񶼺æµӣǣϸһϵĶص˼£Ϲæһͨ
ŶţΧ˼ҴҵĽŲҲû
֪ǲûһ췢ʲô顣
һ㲻о𣿡
һۣûлش
죺װ
һת䣬û˲ĻӦҪˡ
磺Ҫѩˣ
һ꣬һǸоڿ׳һ
磺˵װɣ
ŵſһȥƣ
һȫЦöۡ
ǣͦϲ˶ĵطġ
ʮ͵ˣȥһ칫Ϲæľˡ
һ˼ֱӹܣ¥ڵᡣ


37

˾Ҷ΢Цʺ, 䲻Ƣ̫õˣǲôҲܰ, ԱòĴк
ǽ첻ͬ, ӽ˹˾ʼ, ǰ̨͵ݼˣһĶѡ˱, , ڼװæµ
۾ڷתڵŴ򿪵˲, ˡ
һ, 㿴ǲŵ߹ܣ¥ڵᡣ
һȻ, ûпҲûֱԽ֪ˣȥԼİ칫ҡ
һţ첻ͣİⶪôȥûиоչֵֹģ᲻ǳʲô飿㵹˵
¹İת磺ȥ˶¥֪ˡ
ڿŵ˲, ͻȻǣˡ
ʲô˼ûͷûβһ仰Ūòĺʳ
, Էû
ڶθ¥ᣬֻǡһλˡ
һȥˣֻʣܾԱߵλá
ϹǸ, Щµˡ˵꣬ޱȥ֣ߡ
ߣ֣񽻻㣬໥ͷ˵ĸо˵ѹûôѹҪףҲ
£翿ǽϣͷŵ档
ˣ鿪ʼ
ȿڵ֣Ǹʱٿ飬ʵǡͣ룬۾ʵһŮ˹˾Ȼ̫󣬵Ҳû
֣˵λʱһֱͷĿ棬˿ûҪ˼
֣˵һ仰Χʼ
֣ܣֽ˵˾ʼҸһģҸ粻ˣӦܣ˾ǵģ֣ҵġ
µֽűСû
ɣͷԲ
죬û˵һº޹ϵĶое㲻ˡƮȥһ֡
Էһ飬Ȼ̧ͷܣ˵ɡ
תͷüͷ硣
Ǹָһ֣˵ܾǸλá
ԭŭֱתɾˣתͷȥ֣ȴ֣ЦſԼ۾Ϊʲô
Ϊ˾ҸһģҸĹɷࡣܾҲӦġ
ҲҪα棺ھͦá
û뵽ôɴľܾ֣һʱҲЩɫãѾˡתͷŴңԪܾλܽ֡
˵꣬ɢᡣ
ʮֻʣԼߵľ֣
վһ࣬˼黹˳ΪʲôҪ
۾ǣŻڣ⹫˾ʦһ˽ֻ˵ʽ𣬶ǸɶˡǰʦûʲôɵĵģڲͬˣʦֲˣѾû׵ˣû˹˾Ժô죿
ԣ˵˵ȥǵģҲ֣Ľ
֣ΰڣ˾ģ޿ɺǡڣ˾֣ҲԺıϡ
ͷβģöѡ
ֻǡ綨Ŀжԣǲе㡭˷룿
ûʣҲûٿ˵ʲôֻڻһޱĻȥ˰칫ҡ
¥ʱȻȥ˰칫ңһ·˺ܶС۵
˵֣Ҫܡ
֣ͻȻ˵Ҫᣬܲڵһġ
֣ɫѿǲǺܳˣ
ôܣ˸أ

ԭ˽﹫˾ְԱΪһˡ
ͻȻЦǱˣߵΪһ
Ϊοأ
һƮȥ칫ҡ
ûн칫ҵţԱߵִˡ
֣ˣܵİ칫
Ҳ˵ˣֱ֣ӺɢᣬǺܳˣ
ǸǷ˰ɣ
ԭ㴩ȥͣſڡ
ûһһˣȵ߹ڵذϵŲԶԵǣһʱ칫ֻʣĽŲڵذϵ
עߵǰͣôȥ
ʻСΧڼװæµעⲻߡ
㡣
˵꣬ͻȻЦˣ˽Ӳ⣺ȥɡ
ִһ̧ͷ֣ԡ
Цݻûջȥڶ֣˲գûջȥЦݡ
ƺû뵽֣ô»һ˲ףЦһƽɡ
ִȥԼİ칫
֣һֱû˵Ҳû뿪
վſڣͻȻ֪ô棬㶵վ˰ſģҳȥתתڸԶߡ
ƪ۵˵ԼҪȥʱԾںһ䡣
׼ֱתȥˡ
һŸ磬ոյĽţ⣬ƺгһЩ
վ˼룬ǴԶһ㣬Ʈȥ˶¥
ǽӰ￴Ŵ磬Ϊ봰ЩԶҲֻƽеһЩ
ҵĳһ¥Ҳֻˡ
ƫƫ⼸춼
ֱֱĿһջߣӰ˸ط¡
Сĵǽˣŵ飬ҲΪֻǡЩԲСи
СͻȻӹСģСҲʧˡ
ôˣǡ
ΪԼĲ²⣬۶۵һ¡
ͬʱʧ죬Ѿˡ
緹ǰȥʱ֣ѾڣֻԼ
ɨɳϵһĨɫ̧ͷ˭׼ȥˣ
ԭѾµ˵һ̸£ûҵ¡
һڣ˭˵̸ˣ
ԣ˽£һ˾͸Ӧóȥˡ
Ŷͷ˽¾͸ҵˡ
һɳ档컨巢
Ͽݲֶߣ緹ʱ伸˾֪ˣȥԷʱ򣬾򷹵ʳʦʼţϹϾ˶ƽʱĶˡ
ÿ˸ӹˡ
üëĸˡ
翿ǽ߿컨巢ϷŲ̵ջ߿һϣЦˣҪܾ˾ǲһƽʱĶࡣ
ü졣
̵ͷԷˡ
ֻЦţԶ
֪ǲĴʳóԷʱٶر죬䡣
ӵʱ䣬Ѿһ룬粻ɵüͷѵԡ
̧ͷһ磬ͷԵĸˡ
ȥʱߵҲر졣
о֡
һ칫ҵţûֱĹˡ
磺ﰡ
ȥɳϣһŤܿ˲
ԭΪܲ˱עӵ񰡣
Цһ£ҲˣҪӦԺиˡ
Ϊѵͷ
תͷ΢΢ۣڵʹࡣ


38

һµʱ˵ȥ͹ȥ, ǰű֪ܾͨϾѾˡ
Ҳûʲôʽ, ǰѶᵽܾİ칫Ҿͺˡ
ͬһʱ, ֣Ķ, Ǽ칫ҡ
Ԫڽϣȥ˹˾
ܲ⣺ȥô
ᶫɴĻش, һְ̧սѺ, 첽ȥͣ
칫ҵʱû˹ΧĿ¡
ɹԹԵĸ档
ȵ˵ݲſڣԺǼ칫Ҹ˭
룬Żش𣺡֣, ǰλ˽ˡ
֣ΰڵʱ, ֣ȻĹְͬλһ, ֻǻһ£ûʲô仯
Ŷͷó鲻Ǻܺá
еģ
ҡҡͷͻȻе㡭᲻á
һ˵꣬Ϳ̧Լһ˻ȥӦ뵽ֻõһͺˡ
˰칫, Щȡ
ܶණðװˣֻҪ߾Ϳˡ
ͷһ۾վ, תŲߡ
ͷһۣҲŹȥˡ
ճȥһתǾˡ
Ǹַ㡣Цվ
۾ôˣ֣ҲЦ
аɡȥӹ֣ĶȥԼԭİ칫ˡ
Ҫľϰ֮ǰϢˡ
һ, Ըɳ棬ﶥƺǰİ칫ָо
µɳŲס
칫үƵĿα棬Ŀڡ
緭һۣ־ͱbb

緭𣬹һЦ˵ˡ
΢תһ·򣺡Ͳ񰡣
Լ˵ʲôȻԼ֪ˣ˵ƮŲɳ
ſĺ󱳣Ĺǡתͷָֻ˸ոǸޱӣˣųԷɡ
磺Ҫ۲˳񡣡
С
ܾ
٣粻ˣôͶ˻˼ҵˣ
ǸĹĵӣĿ˰ӣתͷҪҲԣҪӦıꡣ
Ʋ죺յϰһʱҵ̬ˡ
㻹㲻ˣ
㰡ȥĶ棺˵Ϊʲôˣ
ǿԲһһۡ
˵ΪҰںⷿİ칫þ߶԰ɣ
ͷ
ٺһЦ˵ҰæҳԷûɣ
ŵͷ
һ̯ǲͶˣ
˵ͨˣıǰͷ·ʳȥˡ
εҡҡͷѵôû档
򷹵ʱһֱתƣֱ۲˳˷ָܵǵˣǸǸ㡣
ΧˣһƳ
ָһ£ȻվһԵȥˡ
һڴ˳ԺֱӴȥһ¡ŬŬŬӣ򣺡ˣ±ٳ԰ɡ
ϵı仯ͷǵˣ쿪ڣҰԣζ
ǻˣתƮȥ̶λá
ǽϵ߹
ʱͻȻоͦõġ
û߹һƫͷͿһϤӰһ죬Ѵһջ
Ȼȷ£֣

ͷЦһ£ȻŶŲ߹
֣Ҳ˹
¾ȥеĲˣôˣ㲻Ǵ۲˵𣿡
תͷ
һǲԣֻЩϲˡ
ȥǵˣôôŤˣϲһˣȴϲġ
ڤڤ֮עˡ
̧ͷЦЦϲͱˡ
һ˵վſȥˡ
տʶ滹ֻ֣ܷ¿ӴҴҵĶŲ뿪
֣
ԣȻȥˡ˵꣬ŲûһֱͣӰѲ̷ָ첽뿪
ʱҶڳԷԱȥ棬ûˡ
һͿת֮ǰ硣
ոգ֣Ļһѵһ㣬شۣ̽࣬ЩûţҪſڴڵĺַû˺
̧ͷƹǸȥһˡ
ͻȻ͸оˣһӲñѡһϲģҪǱųȥ
ϣҲάֲסոյЦƺһ˺ѣıƬ
֮ǰѡ뿪
һ
ֻû뵽Ƚ֡
һӽĴû˾ȷû˺󣬲һתͷʱѾ߹ˡ
ҧ´㲻ܹҵֵġ
ΪʲôʣҲ㣬ȥģ
ҡͷҲ֪ҪȥģĳתǣҲ¥ݼͶ¥
̧ͷҵȻǻȥ칫ҰǣȥԷɣȻȥ칫ˡ
СӦҡ
վһļᶨ翴о۾ЩȣҲЩȶѣȥԷɣҲˣֳԲ˶۲
ǰأǰҲһԵģҲûô˵дűʡ
ԣʹ˴򽻵ĺۡӶͷǲͬϲԵĲˡ
һһԡڣˣֱӺһ̧֣ٲؽա˵ҼҾҪҵģʲô¶ҵģ
ҡ죬ʲôû˵˸Ѻ
̧ͷȥͷǵĹΣ׻ɫΧһƬڰڱм䣬ͷ
ⶫĲǿԿƵģǰʱѾףȴڿһ˵ЦʱŤǰվ˵м䣬Ǹ
ǣôأ
Ƚϣôܱ֣Ҫأ
㿴ûжЦÿζǷƢƢ鲻þͺ͹ؽѺ棬ѣĻΧ
ǣ˽£ʹʱߣѰңȥȥɹʹ࣬ΣУÿƺ󡣾ϱԹٶ࣬³ڵĶˣǻǻᾡȥ
һȻԼȥϷĵͻȻʹࣺҸô죿ҵ׸ô
˫ϣǰɺڰޱ߼ʵĺڰܺºڰȴޱϣںڰУȥ
ϣΪȶǣѾʹˣҲѾٽıԵȴûκᣬһζûУ۾涼Ǹɬģûһˮ
ΪǹԶᡣ


39

Ԫ겻Զˡ
ŴҶûдӹڵķΧ, Щи
תһȦĶ棺ʱҴˣԱԲ˰
ڿļһۣ¶ࡣ
ƲƲ죺ⲻǰһ˵Сһ䣺ʶġ
ʶġеϣʲôʱͶ̥
⡣ͷҲܶİ˵ſڰ칫棺ǰ֪, ׼ͻ𣿡
㣡һ, ϵϼԺǸӳȥ
߬ȭͷ, ˼λûסվ, ǰ, һ֣ƴ塣
ͻȻı䶳嶶һ£Ц, ˻ȥ
ŭ, ݺݵĵ磺ΪͿôˣ
׺ݵı飬һ㶼⣺ĸĻƢ, Ҳϱ
Ҫܡ
֣Ҳˡ
Ҳںȥɳȥˡ
Ѻ˺ܶ࣬Ҳǲˣ, һȷǾҪѶĸջ, ղҲˡ
˼СʱҲͨ͸ˣȻԹԵĴѺĳ
ԺͻȻʲôʱȥͶ̥, ԭ˵ôˣͷӶûˣ㻹ʲôʱͶ̥ɣ
ƺ˵Ϊֹ߸²ֹԾûκιҲֲסˡ
Ǿ˵ģͶ̥İ취ˡ
ǰһæµĴȦ˶ݵĽ󼸺Ҳûй
Դ˴ϰ壬Ҳûǰ׼ʱ°ˣÿ춼Ȼ˲Żȥļͽ飬һԶоͷ
ٹǰ죬ûôæˣϾŵ㣬̱ڰ칫ҵɳ濴컨巢ֻʣָôԼ̵
ӺջߣƫͷȥҳȥɣһӰ㶼ҷŸ𣿡
Сͷûֱ̧ӻظ
ķ˸ۣȻƮİ칫ǰһģһҽԺˣȥɣҲҵأʱܾͲͶ̥˰
ָͣĶ̧ͷȥ磬һЦӣûҪȥʬӣܲС滹Ǹˣȫ
СĵۻǸ˺Ѳϵһ𣬶ǸҲжֹСĳ˲²Ǹֻˡ
ǣ˳˾Լǿ⣬ûʲô̫ı䶯
˴ûгֹ绳ǲڽˣŻֲ²⣺û£㿴ôǸг𣿡
ұĺá
УҾҪȥ˵Ϳʼˣ㲻ȥĴѰĻһԹģ
ǰ˳ĬʮſڣҲԣʮǰ
ٺ١Цһ£лл˵꣬תٵĳȥˡ
ֻⷿʣԼʱͻȻȥĶŰ˼£ļ˹ػ
ϰûٹģ
һֱӱźҽԺȥˣֻû뵽ˣȴûӰ
תһȦҲûҵŬŬžˡһСĽʱΪ˵飬뿪̫Զûĺ뵽ľֻкˡ
վڴſֿһܣȷûкӰżߡ

ͻȻһϤͷסԺǱܹķ
վź
û˵ֻǻһָסԺķСڣȥǱ߰ɡ
ͷźĽŲȥ
סԺûʲôˣ͸źȥˡ
ոչ߰ûп壬ھΧĵƹ⿴һСӣӰʣָĶ
˳ָһºҡҡͷǣǼ򵥵Ʒ
˵ŴֻһЩϴƷ˪
Ŷͷûжʡ
㻻һ⣺ôˣΪ㲻ٹˡ
Цһ£ûֱ˵ʺСĽġʶҲ̫ãʱҲ̣ˡ
оôֱ˵е㲻ʡֿһܵĻҪȥ𣿡
УʵԲͦģιڼӰࡣ
ǡҡͷ治ͣİŪСӣ˵Ļס
е㾪ȣٵգգ۾Ǹ
ûµģ̇ͷЦһ£ܾˣҶϰˡ
˵֮͵ˣźĽŲͣһ䲡ſڣźһŽȥ
ſһ˲䣬һůЦˡ
󲽾͵˲ǰ棬еСӵݹȥ㿴Բԣ
ϵŮͷӹȥ
籾ͣſڣͷ͸Žȥˡ
ƮȥվںĵطŴϵСͷĶٵЦ̧ͷԵġ
ſûһ˿Ѫɫ촽ǷŰףϴŵĲԵÿ󣬺ܲһСӴ˴·һʱпȥ翴ͷǺɫģͼǽһˡ
翴ŴϵСŮЩۣתͷȥ
ҡͷûлش𡣶źЦһ£Ϣ㡣
ŶֵӣЦţټ
ټĴš
ѾʮһˣûˡĴһȷû˺ſڣ鲻ʲôԽԽˡ
磺ʵҽѧôһκõĿܵģ
лл磬Цһ£ôؼҰɡ
ˡָָ⣺ԼȥȽϿ졣
ôһŮͦȫͻȻһ٣ƺʲôƵģЦˣˡ
ûмȥǰ͵ҽԺſڣȻ˳⳵
ǰò׳ҪʲôģСĵ飬ô˵
жΪɱش̾˿ŲǼӴˣûгԹڵˣҽʬҲɱ
ȻѾ֪ˣﻹЩܡ
ȥٶȺܿ죬ûһ͵¥¡
̧ͷңûκιʱѾӽ賿룬˯ˡ
ôһ룬̫ŵ׼ֱһԾ׼ȷҵ̨
ûиһִۣûˣƮȥ˿
մȥȻڿɳϲ֪ʲô
Ʈȥʲôزȥ˯
ԷӦһ̧ͷģʲôʱģ
ոաشԱߣʲôأ
սתˮûս!
ǮɣϲʲôԼȥˡ
绰䣬ͻȻ̧ͷЦ˳


40

˵ս, Ҳôһ˵û顣
ȵڶһ, ϴ˵ʱ, ǽϵ粻ˣ, ǸҾ˵İǴϰ, ôʰ
, ûôһ֮һϵʱѺһ, , 뷨˵ء
ڻҵ˶Ļ˵, ȷԵ֣
һӦǷԵİ
Ȼ󡭡֣վΪ˵ĺܶԣշ滹ҪǵְԱҪʲôǲȫ˽⣬ֻжһǮ, ǮȥҪĲõġ
һ˾ɶ, ҲûʲôҪԵˣֱͨ
⡭оеʰ
Żҵ˶뿪ˣŹȥ㲻ое㡭Ļ, ûҵݴʡ
ǲܣʡ
ͷֽ˵ÿ깫˾ʱҴǮսƷȻַЩļ۸񲻵ͣΪõģ˲һҪǹ˾ÿ궼ֻĽжҪأճͨѶߣ˭ȱ٣ٶһأҲҪҲһأ
⡭Ϊ˵ҲԣôһǮ͸ˡ
ǾСͻȻЦˣǳǳģʱôԼأ˵վȥˡ
룬˵Ҳԣڹ˾ǮһֶǮǸԸôԼԿأ
ȥʱѾԼ칫ר־Ĵˡ
ɳ棬
ǰ˵ƴǴûǸʱϻһ°Ȼ°ʱһ㣬ҲһСʱңڲͬˣԭߵˣڱƽʱСʱ˲ϳֱӱŹ˾ȥڲ³¿ܻڽֱһּӦһ¡°ӰǱ˼ҳ㷹ʱϾŵҲͽ˹һ¶ʮһ㡣
ǣôȥһġ
죬ѡ˵ˣעɣҲ̫ƴˡ
һ٣̧ͷȥ磺ԭĹֻҪԼǷݾͺãòı˵ģڲͬˣλϣҪ֤ҵԱҶһһõġ˹ǣллһע塣
û˵ллôӣ綼ЩܳˣŽ͵ĻӦ
ͷȥɳĽǣٵգ۾
緹ʱȥ򷹣ǰλϣǽϡ
ǿıӰǿǽϵĴש
˵ллʱʼͻȻͲҿ۾ˡÿһĪĻţؿڵǻһʹַȴʲôоûС
ЩɻΪʲôѾˣĸо
ָĿŴשķ϶Դҳһ顣
Ҵ㰮ԵĲˡ
洫̧ͷͿ΢΢ŵǣæתȥĲ̣۲˳ʱüͷϲҪ򣿡
۾ûлشֱһͷһ鸯Ž
磺
ȥſڣó𣿡
̧ͷüë죬ͷ
˵ּһŽͷԡ
룬ǲǹ̫ƴȻ񡭡ˡ
ɻһֱǰ졣
ʮţһϰ࣬˾Ե᲻ǹɸɾȥתһȦʵһ߸
˵꣬ķӦ
ԷҲûʲô̫ķӦּһ䣺֣ǲأ
һ˵֣ͻȻжˣֱӷеĶ칫һ£֪ͨһ£ڿʼһСʱʱؼҵƱ
磺Ļͻˡ
ңǺü졣
ΪǼˣǡˣ
ʱﵽߡ
ճԹֱ֪ͨ˴緹ʼ٣һֱ˻ϰࡣ
Ŀʼˣ㡭û°ɣ
û°ЦŻشϵĶ⻹Ǻһؼң
ؼң
˵ʱоҸ̫ͻȻˡ
ᣬβ۽ǿ硣
ǸЩ֪ôش
ˣ¿Ұɡ
Ҫļװİֱűſȥˡ
ҸȥŸȥں溰š
۽ǴЦʲôû˵ֱӴǰ
˾ǰԾѺ档
ڱϣԣ
ʱ򵥵¶Ȼϵ档
Ǵ֮Ҳûϵˡ
ƽʱͦæģر棬Ȼ̫˽⣬һ¾ְҵжæµӦְҵճ
˺ܾãͨͨˣû˽ӡ
ϴͬ
Ŵһ
˺ܾãҶϵʱһͻȻι
档һֱӿżɽ
ڡǱҲǸɾ䡣
ü鷳תһ£Ҵ˵绰
Ǳû˻شûһһߴ
һؼҡһУֱӸߡ
ؼңǱɻһ£ת˷ˣؼǲǿԼĸ
ǡȻʲôʵĻشˡ
ǱߴӵĻֱӰֻԶˣʡȺԼĶ䡣
󻶺ȥڶߣǱߴе˵ааʲôʱߣ
硣
ΪʡҲСʱʱߣϾ͵ˡ
̫ˣ˵һ£аɣ׼
ȻԼˣڼҵй
ҲɳϣΪʲôǸڡǸҲҪŻȥ
ôһʣע⵽ո˵ǡ׼
˭֪أת˸ֻˢ΢
˾½֣æֲڿɳԼһݣ¼ǲˣˢˢ΢ɡ
һ£ûʲôر顣
ȻȥһЩۡ
Щӣ֪΢ϷʲôͻȻ˻磬ңоۻͦ˼ġ
һȦҪ׼ȥͱĳһ@㿪Ȼǡġˣ
ԼҲתһ¡
Ȼص΢ֻȥ硣
֪Ϊʲôӽ˶ԽԽϲǽ컨壬Ŵģ׷
ָ˸ָû˵ʬأ
תһǡ
ǣȤˡ
֣һֱʬСͻȻû˼ԼʬģһӹȤ
ʲôʡ
һûҵҵ壬ǲǺܿҪͶ̥ȥˡתҲǸʱ˶࣬ұˣǳbugһ޸ģҸоҿȥͶ̥ˡ
˵ĺ棬һ㶼ûпЦӣһԭЦͻȻ
ǰϲʬ飬ҲͦϣͶ̥ȥģֿԻصǸʱˡ
ǣͻȻĿ˵ôζոյĺҲûˡ
ûĻشƽɳϣ컨壺Ҳһ°룬ҾͶ̥ˡ


41

йʱ, Ѿˣ˵Ǿ仰֮, ˾Ҳû˵, һ㽻û, ԳĬš
͵͵Ŀһֻһֿٵת, ۾, ڵ
˵ǲΪ̫ˣ
ŵʱȽ, ֱӱˡ
Ǹٶȿûп, ֻоһɫӰȥ۾, ѾһվĶ档
ģֻ̰档һļ򡣴ݵĽȥˣֻһɫ
С֣оʵʵˡ
һĶɳһǡ
н˲ֱ
ŽͿɳһ, ʱﲻˡһ棺ôȥĶ
㲻ǻŮȥֱӷ, ָ硣
ܵ𣡡
濴һУҪ
˵Ľûвһ仰
ȻнӴҲЩϤǱϾͬ, 籾ܵЩ
ҵѺأпϣ
أ
˿Ѻֿ磺һԪǰǵûҰ
ԪڣԪڡЩġ
ո˵Ļټ˵ģﲻˡ
аѺΪ˷磬ҪҪȥһ˵ʱ䣬ǲǡ
ȭͷսɫҲʼòˡ
ʱһˣڲͺˡ
죺ڵԼǮָָ
Ū֪ʲôˡ
ͣѺӵĶ裬ʱҳɽǮҲ裬ҪʱǮ
Ŀһ£ʱ䵽˰ѵַңȥ衣
ؼҹ·ϣΪУ˵ʲôѺһֱš
Ҳû约¹ʲôǣƺʼÿγ֣綼Ž¡
⡭Ϊʲô
Ӿȥ濿ںα棬һûйͷĶϡ
ƺǸоߣͻȻ̧ͷ˵ӾȻһۡ
ɻأ۾ֿһۺӾһֻеĺĦţԷһܡ
Сʱĳ̣ڹȥһ·̵ʱ򣬼ʻλͻȻ£ûз񣺡ʲô£ʣΪġ
һɡ濪ڣǰ治ԶиվͣҸ㻻һ¡
ˣҿԡشԽԽӽվûͣ˼
뿪ɣ˵ϴ˴ա
ʵ㡣һС
Сʱĳ̲㳤ǰһҲһת۵ٶҲ͹ȥˣǲ֪Ϊʲôоʱͦġ
ԭҪרĲָܷоֻһ㣬ǣǸϢվӲǱ滻ںĸоԽԽǿˡ
һǰ棬濪ųڸʻλãȻûոһϣǡһ붼뿪Ҳ͸ոûʲô̫ˡ
˼ǰ棬ջߣĿŴľɫٲ̫죬ľɫԽǿУɫ٣ıɫͰɫȡˡ
ɫأɫѩ
ûһջߣĿںαϣ۾ʱÿһ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãԺƺк
˯ˣʡ
˯ˣ˵㣬һʱѲˡлش
ͲӦ黹Ѻ顣ࡣ
ð죬еų֣ǸŮҪ뿪ģһҲǸ°
Ǿ͵뿪ջأѺһ죬ҲԶౣһ졣˵ţٵתֻ̣о嶶ųƶλǰ˵ԽԽԶԽԽģǰ䰵ˡ
Ǳдѵġ
üë۾ǰˣӰ۾ſ˫Ӱغϣһˡ
Ǽ˻ֱĹ
ͷЩǿ֣Ҳס
ֵֻܴϴһʹոչüë
һѰǿУӰ¶˳һ֣ݹһƿˮһڰɡ
ӹһڡ
ǰģûˣź˼ڣЩоŽʧ
̧ͷǰѾϴޱȣǸʱ˵Ļʲô˼
ʲôʣһĵȻ
˵Ҫ뿪
ˡضĻǲûᵽֻİӡ
һ˯Ϳˡʻпڡ
ɻ󣬻˯Ϳ𣿿ǡǸʱĺ
Ѿˣɡļȿȥˡ
Ѿȥˣ硭е
Ѿ˳תͷһְֻųţ
ǲǡտڣ˵־Ͳ֪Ļòˡ
ںܶϣִ֪磬֪ȥǡֵ̫ͻȻˣֻǼ򵥵Ļһ¹ȥǰ궼оѣ߸ۡ
ǡᶨ
۾һθоôԽԽǿҵĸоϮվһƶһ±֫ٺ͸ʹС
ͻȻסһק棺˵˾ҪͶ̥ûһۣ͸л˸еӡ
֪ʲô֣ץסĸ첲ʡ
֪ش꣬վڼߴ٣߰ɣҲȼˡ
ҵһֵֻ궼æµһ굽ͷҲ档ǰÿ궼ǳϦͻȻ֪һ죬һ˶ܸˣڼǻ
Ҷһסһ常һֻĸǴ磬Ȼһ㣬Ȼĸס
ŮѾޣԺֵֻ
һžͿͥԺæµļˡ
裬󲮡ȿڣһתͷ˸̡
ں棬ŲԶ˵ͷ֣
ǡС˰̵۾ϸ˰ſڣлŲȷ
ǰЦһ£
һ𣿡ʡ
һ̡Ҳߡ
ƫͷ۾ϸıһ£ôèˣ
ôһ˵ҲתͷȥʲôûֻվǱߣҲͰ벽ľ롣
Щ֣ǿķӦӣϱžȣ룺˵˰ɣ
ҲֻǼ룬Ȼһƽλͬ¡˵Уһ£̡
ֺ̡ЦţĽһ
ӴСèǿɰ!ͻȻ֣еĲ˼£Է̱۾̵ϲš
ŵĿ档
ԷһĵȻ粻Ѻﻵ˰ɣ
һӵʣֱųȥԼķ䣬һ֣Ѻ


43

·е㳤, һĵѺıϹȥûȵĿĵ, Լˡ
мҡҡλ, ̧ͷŹô
ǲ֪˶õʱ, ŸоѺһ˲˹ʡ
Ѻ汾Ͱ, ⰲĻдþ˾Ϳʼ, ΧûκеķţͻȻһ, ΢С, Ķﶼ
һ̧ͷ˲, ЩܲͻȻĹ۾һѾ˻
ȿǶˣޱվڶ棬ٺһЦȻ󡭡ȥǸСӡ
Ȼ֪ϲ, ǡΪֻϲҵһû뵽ÿһϲ
Ǹɵ, ʺϿ濴顣
һȥȻоë׵ĸоǾһֺҸĸо
ڳơ죬һʵ, ʲô¶ҵģȥķ㲻׼ȥбȥ̵ߣһ˼ҾסЩ硭
֪֪תͷٺЦһ£߶ôˣ
һ㣬ÿζҪ㽻ô𣿡ʣԱߵ档
翴ԺſΧĻ
䲻󣬺ܶ඼һЩʵľļҾߣңǱߵҲֺ
תͷû˵ȿڻشʣñ䡣
˵꿿α棺Ͷ̥ϣػǡ
Ȼˣ̧°ͣұǰԵʳԻȻǶʱܿԲﶼడ
ƺһᵽԣ˵Ļһ۲ͣ磬αϣЦ⣺иڶߴߴģͦá
û˵˵˰죬ƺûһֻȥֱ֣Դ
ԴͻȻˡֱתͷŭĿ磺
Ѿ˰˵־ѾЦˣİʱѾЦÿ췢ˣſС棬Ц
ˣ
ǵĺǵ򸸹Էʱȥˣ
ɾͻˣȲ˵طǲϼҰɣӻ˵һİĵطİĵطɲԸ⡣
˵ʵŵʱر뱣סĴȣǡǹ
һһίӣҴˣ´βˡ
ϡ
ȥǰ󣬿ôϿϴķϣԭҰɣòð
һۣĴˣ
磺Ҳѹ̡
ŭ硣
һԣֻһҲЦ
롣
ʲôͷ룬ЦǾ䡰Ļ𣿻б
죺֪ˡʵش
硣еǳҲЦҵǾ仰㶼ΪԼ룬ʬûҵֻտ˵ԼҪȥͶ̥Ͷ̥ôôôôλҰͶ̥㣬¸ץˡ
ޡ
ֻнѵʱŻ˵ô໰ȻҲǣǲͬû
ǣûܡ
Ҳ֪ô£ոǵ㻶ֵͻȻͱһĪĻûˡЩƵƵƣʵո˵ЩµҲȷ붺ŷϵġ
ֻڣպúܡѹ֡
ԵĲġ
죺ҴȥԷɡ
ģ̧ͷһڴ
ͷȥˡ
ȥϵЦڵϣ߬˫֣磬ѹҪֵĹȥ
һתһЦɿķ׷ȥ
һţû뵽ˡ
ͻȻɲֱӴȵӣͣʱһ档
Уһ£һЦô
еЦعͷȥ
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳ߳һˡ
ͬʱǶġ硣
ôһ˲СΡ
翴һˣһˡ
ͬʱҲ߹ˣһпȥһԽȥ棺ܺ
תҡ
ͷظ
߹ת䣬תͷȥ棺İɣ
ʧķ۾Ըǡ
̧ͷҲпܰ
ϲаڳһӣüͷĴ׼
У׼ᰮңЦš
һ·Ҳ͵͵˼ΧĻ
ò˵ϼһ󰡣ĺԺװ޵ֹ͢ԱҶŶԺĸоҪǣ̻㹻
ȻǶ죬ͥԺ滹ǿԿɫֲġ
תת䣬ϲͣ£ۣ
ͣ½ŲתͷȥѾƮ÷ԱߣһûޣΧ÷ͣĴת
ԭ㿪ںģʱȴζϲ𣿡
תͷصĵͷ
ǣȥԷʱ
Ʈߡ
棬ĴţЩɻô˵ҲмӵʱˣΪʲôûе
뿪ʣͣתͷһ¸֪֪
ͷֲһ䣺һġ
Ȼô˵ǡǲģֶ˼䡣
ôľսȥѺкͣǰ˵š
ûУǾ仰˵꣬ʹȥˡ
Уһ棺˻𣿡
һû˵ץסе֣㻰ࡣ
ͿǰѾһˣͺܴͷİ׷۾ЦǺǡոᵽ̣һˡ
΢΢Цһ£̵ķͷ
Ȼ󣬼֮Ȼ̶Цˣе㲻ˣ⡭ô°Ѳܿɣ
ûȥ̾ͿˣСˣߡ
ԹԹȥߡ
ĸ
£оͽˡ
̻ЦţСèˣ
У͵͵һ½ǣ̿ҵıˣ
棺ʱͦһˡ
йȥߣհӣֿˣճһСŮ
仰һڣԼһèһŸо
ȫһȵĿ̡
̵ЦǺǵģתͷ磺ҲҪСҡ
ȵĵˣȷĿڣ̡
³ԷɣһǰҲҪˡֿһУҲǡ
һϰ˸ˣŸӡ
̻ȥ䡣
ڳȥ˲䣬ͻȻڣﲻˡ
ͷ˵Ѿɳ˯ˡ

43

ʹĲ̿Կ, ʹǣһˡԷǰ, Է, Ϊһ˳Է, ûжٲˣǸոǰһ˳Է, ɫḻ, һͶ̥
ڵȵҳ극ֱ֪ȥ÷Ǳߡ
û, ǺúõĿȫò
լĺԺƴһ, мһͨոͣס÷һĺԺǽ, תǾǸոȥķ
ԺѾĻѩ̫࣬ԺڵĻľơ
վ÷£ͷ档
ǻڿȥˣѾ÷, ǵİѩ
硣
תͷ, ָǿ÷Ϊʲôڿ÷ʮ𣿡
ߵߣ̧ͷһţ֪Сʱ
ͷĺƯ
ȥʱһ, ƵƵͷ
ǰߣûһ߶
תת֮󣬾Ҳˡջߣ̶۾ĺ󱳡
ǺܶʱһǰһߣǣȴȥǰΪᣬǲòŲȥ
ڣĺ󱳣Ÿоĸߴ
ǹŲմأҲֻĺĴĿһ£֪Լжఫˡ
ıܿټߺ䣬ϣȻ񣬸ԵĸߴȥȻļװһ롣
ӺСһͷʮأһ仰Сز٣ƽؾǰɺϵģȫռˡ
̾ʱͻȻǰûˣɴ۾һĲš
·רġ
ͷվԵ
Էƹֿˣôôëأ·רģƽʱʱʱĻ£ģȥ˵ǰļˣҿӦǹµʱ򱻴ˣֱ·ιˡ
磺
ոյĳĬǼٵģƭ˵ģħĿ
ҲǺദ˰꣬ϰˡ
ȻĺĻ飬ֱСȥˡ
ϴʱѾ֪СϹ˼Ȧˡ
ƲƲ죺ǰҲûϢ
̧ͷߣһ±أ
Ը±ĸ߹㡣һ仰ֱӹص˯ˡ
СбԽǣԶװ޵ļ࣬ʧоϲ
ҲͻȻ˻ûش˼Ȧ󽥽ҲûϲˣһܶǺڶģ￪ʼ
˺ܾãĲûм٣̽Сһ
ڰУķһ봫ش̫á
ҡ¡ڡţ̫ˣǡİĵطǾ仰Ժļ֣һ㣬˵궼ȷǷ
˺һᣬѾˣǱ߲ŴȻ˵ɡ
ʥּһ㣬һѾĴϡ
Ѿһ࣬һ׸ոյʲô
˯ϲ˯󴲣˯мλãڣԸһһ붼ܸж
ԹԵ棬ֻĦ֮Ͼͳ˱ӣ档
䡣˵ת˯ȥ
죬綼ûжڸоǸǱӵʱеĸжˣôˣ綼Ѿϰһˡ˵ʼʱ򣬻˵ϰԣȣ˯ұǣѾȫˣοԼֻʱ
ڣ֪ԼǸĺܳһҪ̬ȥȴΪϱӣҹѾܾöûиоˣĸֻˣ
ڣȴˣ˶ԴĶ
գۣĸĸоʼľϲжѹᡣ
ӻ·Ͽʼһֱ˵ĻȷǷ񿴵磬һʱڿеʱ˵Ļеı飬͸о˵û
ǣΪʲôǾ仰أ
һֱڴϣ̵Ļʵڷ̵ֻ꣬ĺˡ
ôһ룬ҲͲپˣմ˯Ļ
ǲϲԼĴϳֱ˵ģžܾڳڵʱ֪ô¾ʹӦˣһóһ봲λ
ڴϵһ̣Գ˻ǲ֪ôȻ˱ӡһ֪ȡ
޷ԼĶҴҵ˵˾仰תȥ硣
Ϊڴ˯ȣǳģתûþ˯ˣһ
ʱѾߵ㣬תͷһѾûӰ
һۿҲûӰ
һЩˣûѺǳȥģڣڸûС
ҲȥϴֱӴ¾ܡ
տţֱ˹һˣڿһ˲һһߣһֻֽŵƶվԺ󣬶һſŵľŻġС
üʲô
ǲϲУÿοôµӣͶϲ
һԾվڵһֻϵĳһۣҪŮҸһ˵ֱӴ·ڴóһСӣȻһֻ죬һһš
ĺԺ⻹һȣϣͶ⣬һźԵİˡвŴСӡ
Сվڷ
ɫ˰
ָָ磺ϳȥת˵תȥˡ
һſ磺ȥˣ
죬̧ͷǸ÷Ļˡ
˵û˵ҵģǲǸ߹ûҵܣܳȥ䣬ΪʲôǾ仰Ǻģָⷽ򣺡Ǳдģ㲻Ǻôڲˣǰװ𣿡
ǡ壬ش
ֻ˵־Ҳ˵ҧ´ͷҿ
ȷʵĵһ죬͸߹Щÿȥһµĵطʱ䷳ظţţǡûعÿζӦĺúõġ
Σûɷ
Ӧõġ
ǡĲԵ޹Ҫȥġ
ķǿ÷þ벻ԶϲãһЩֵʼʱһΪˣֲȷ˺ܾҲûУʱˡ
ȻԽԽƵ翪ʼɣתͷȥԷ˯úܺáҲͷĵĳȥˡ
˳̾Ϣҹȥת˼תǺ󣬲ŵվ÷ǰ
Ǹ洫ʹһ㣬Ǹ˵ʲô
ȥԺǸı٣ֹͣԺŷѾҪڵ̬ǾԲһ˻ȥķġ
ҺãԥãС
Щˣվ嶶š
ûٿڣš
˭һڣƢ
ˡ


44

, ˵Ļû, ֪, , ԽǵԽΣʱ̣Խƽ
, ܺء
ҧҧһ磺һٸˡ
·, ȥš
ҡһԾѺ档
⣬ѾûӰӣ˿Ѿںô, ֱŹȥһԺӡ
ĺԺһ, ̺͸ײһסһԺӣסһԺӡ
ǰߵʱûʲô̫ĸо, ΧĻ˳ͣǵĳ󣬲Ÿо¡
ƵĺԶʱ, ԽǼԽ꣬ⳤȾ͸˳ˣһӰˣ
һ̵ķ, ǿŵġ
˽Ų߹ȥҵڶ棬Χʵ, Ҳ˵ı飬һ
衭
򸸻ͷİɡ
֣һ·ܹϽŲġ
߹ȥѾڴǰˡ̵˲䣬Ҳ̲סֹסµ̡
ɵӣû°Цţƽڴϣһֻ棬һֻС
áӦס̵֣һ档
˵֣桢
ǡͬʱӦȴֻ˵ʱĿͣûκ
תͷȥ棺õĲصĲס
洹Ŀͷ˼˼̧ͷ̡֪
ЦˣȻתȥĥѵУΪ壬¸Щ
һ˵ָ꣬һֱлѾ
ոյһԾ뿪ʱ̶˵Ļ
С֮رĴڣż˵ĻǸʱСҲˡ룬ƺȥĺܶ£̶Ԥһ㣬ڣ̶˵Ļֵ˼
̡ڣ̵ֱϲ᲻صһ¡
Щˣ˯һˡ
˿ȷʵЩƣֻȳȥˡ
ºųȥ
ٹǰŴϿһۣѾ۾ȡ
ιι˳վڵû°ɣ
ûˡ˵ҲһĹ϶ţڼСվš
վﱳ绹ͣ΢ۿ֮С˵ֺ󣬹תǰ˺ܶలοĻȴڿļʱ˵һ仰
죬
󣬿ļ米Ҳ͵һ죬Լļʲôĸоڣֻһʱ䣬żһѹıһİοĻ˵ڡ
㡭ſڡ
û¡˵ͦͦ米תһЦݣҴȥ
ͷҪȥһϤ˳תͷȥȻ桭
ָ棺
΢΢üһƿţʲôûУ̺͸ոһڴ˯ˡ
תͷһɻĿ硣
ˡ˵ͦʹѹֵţּ˾͡
ɡһ֣°Ѻ档
תͷȥ档ʲôûУܰشţ뿪
ϦֵģֻΪͻȻĲҲû׼Ϧҹ
ջصǰͿкվͷʲô
򸸼ˣڣһȥ·Ҳܰæ
תͷȥ棬֪˵ʲô
ʱڣС˵涩˾¥Ҫȥȡˣͷżˡ
ͷʾ֪ˡ
ȡ˵·ϣû˵רעĿ
ҲǱ۾Բ
ﲻסĵˣϳ·̹룬˴ʵܲˣ˵ǾͲ˵ʲô𣿡

û˻Ӧ
˿һֻ˵
۾˵ʲô
㡭һָָֻ棬ҧҧתͷˡ
һƽĬ˼ʻڣ
˵ضĻ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵Ҳ֪
洹ƤԵĻҪԡ
Ļһһ㣬ϣûжصĳѾ۵ļ⣬͸ŹǷۡ
һŲɲתͷȥ档
üҧ´ðҵԼһ죬ȵһòãһжãˡ
Ҳûô΢ȥˣҲʵ̣ͷӦˡ
ͷǷˣתͷֻǣ˼ȴԽƮԽԶˡ
֪Ĺ⣬ߵҲǵ֮ûж֪еݣ죬еһòϣ磬벻ĻҪ
ʲôڶʱǰʧ
ֻ֪ͨĹ˾ѾˣŻȥģ·ҲӦ߿ӰǽԺ֮ĳͣԶȴһ۾ܿͷ
иոգôߴ棬˵ʲôѵֻΪѹͣ˵˵컺գ
ңĻû˵ҲµҪ˵ʲôˡ
һ㣬Ҳ㹻롣
Ǹͨˣôܻ֪˵٣ĳأ߸һУҲɣ
Сģ
󣬴һͻȻǰ״Ѿ̻һٵĴ̣ͬʱһ࣬˵ļʡ
ҺǳϦ·ûг·Ҳֻһ̴ļͷ˲תȥһɺϵǱǿյأڳʻȥ׵ĵطͣ
˲һͷϸתȥȥˣһ
ͣ³ֱӴ򿪺ųˡ
Ȼĳ
Ǹո̫գʱûκԥֱӴʻԹԵȥ˺λá
ð죬仹ڸոշļ档ںһ
ûʲôش¹ʣҲû˵ʲôػ
ðˣǴӸովг̧ͷһĿ档
ͨӾԿ۾ûȿڣͿĳʲôʡ
ֻȿڡ
˸ոյĳĬڣļˡ
һתʱڣ㵽˭
档治ɫĻش϶䣬ȴ̣һۺӾûɣٰ
Ϊʲô֪ʲôݴʣ˴Сһ𳤴Ǻ˽ģ˵˽ĵطҲ⼸깤ɡ
ǣ˿òˣǰµľʱ򿴵ģǼٵģ˹Ϊ֮
ÿˣ縺ʹͬһת䣬ȵͣ£תͷȥ棺Ļɲ²ⶼʵģҾҡ
˵ֱ꣬ӿ³
͸˼ĸо治ãں죬ҵĺͷģⶼʲôأ
³
ķһǱȽԶģ·˰Сʱʱ䣬ҲЩˣſڶˣóǶ극õģǣ³ûߵſѾˣﶼŴõĲˡ
ʣͻȻʲô첽ȥӹĶɡ
еǲֱɿ֣Ŵ󲽹ȥͣ
ͣ£һ£ͷȻֱ


45

ܶ˶֪Ժʲô, ᾭʲô, Ǵû, ˵ĻҲ
ҪͶ̥, ֪
ǹӦͶ̥ΪҲ, ͶɱĶԼ, ȥʲô
ֻạ̇̄Ȼ棬ǵĻ˸, о, ʲô˼
һиôܣִᣬѵҪ˹ɣ
һ, оԼ뷨Щŷ
˸
ֻǼ򵥵ĸ֣û̫͸©
ȡ극Ĺ̺ܿ죬·ϵһЩʱ䣬ȥ·Ҳ濪
, ڸʻʼˣôʻλ, Ҳûбİ취ֻſ
ȥ·û˵ֻк֮ĶԻ
ǵĹ, Ҳ̫ȤԺĿں˯ˡ
˯ò֪ô£ֻҪλãûþЩ·һߣûʲôоȥͲͬˡ
ӣŴ˼ǹ࣬ԴҪϢ
αϣı۾
ѣˡ
ֱ۱žž죬üͷ۾ſڸʻλһֻֻάŰƵûջȥˣתȥ³ˡ
˻ԴһĻѾԺ⣬¼³
Ҳ֪˶ˣŵʱ극Ѿװ̰ںˡ
ϼߵ극Ƿ磬ʮʱλŴغȥűڣվڲԶţڱ˲䣬תͷ磬֡
Цһ£֡
һתͷѾըëӲֵУЦŨ᣺!
ָëߣǸͣӿˣ
Цţһֻ̲סһֻϵֱ֡
Ϧ극Ҫ󲻳ֻѺ档
ȫоѺܰƽʱһ治ҲԹȥڡ
ڹͿʼݣǼȲϲģҲҺֻһ󲮺͹ùãҲûʲôˡ
Сϴʰ˵ùϾ𣿡
һһ߷ۣԼΪʲôÿ涼װ
һԹ£Ϊʲô
һİۣ֪
һתͷ糹׵ľסˣ춼û۾ֱ㶵Ŀ
ҲûװӣֻǡûϵŻɫǴɫҶɫģβͬǻɫǳɫɫ
һĭ𴦣ҸоҲͦõģͦõģ
ɵǺǵЦоߣһ£ǸɣĽŲˡ
ûʲôһû˹磬ҲожģǷһŵ㡪ã
ܶ΢С綼ǰǾ벻̫Զ
Դӷһ㣬ͿʼĶȤζʱᷭҳҲ֪ȥãͻȻ磬˶ҳ
ٱ磬ĺԺϷӣϵʱܻһЩУʱֿʼˣЩʲô
տʼ绹ش𣬵Ƿţ벻ͨΪʲôϲã
ȥߣ˵ĽŲ
ˡǻϸһ£ĸк棬һ˺Ůˣи߸Ь
߸Ьظһ䣬϶ͣһ¹ǣһֳֻקϡ
ôˣͦÿİЩ⡣
˵أͻȻս֮þܽ·оϵĸо
ٵգ۾֪
һ֪ˡѽ⿪ĿҲˣȻԱߡ
ûһŲѾſڣȻò
һҲӦƿ
ȷʵĸˣϤİġ
ȻʶĿҲȻĿ˺İˡ
һЦˣ硣
ͷĿ⿴ȥǸߵˣ飬Ůѣ
ҡҡͷǣҼСġ
Ȼǣľû
Цһ£Ȼ˾ǿˣһȥɡͣһ£λȹȥ͵
뿪ĸˣתͷϵЦʧÿ궼ףӲ𣿡
ôʣſСϣ棬еĻεš
£˵
˳壬Ϳʼˣɼżӡ
ҵðѰѹȥˡ˵ѺȥˣյǰͻȻ̧ͷϣҪ˵ʲôˡ
СɴӦİ°ʲôʵŰɣ
սͿͷĹμСһӾôˣҧ棺Сˣ˵㻰
СˣЦˣû˵Ǿӡ
ÿֻҹùûҶɷǸĹùŮҲģٻֱӴ
һͿĿĸߣ΢Цźĸ졣
һȻͣĸĿͶϣ̧к
û˵ʲôȻǶźˣǾ˵ʲôӲģȻǾ;ɡ
ĸԾһλãûԥ˹ȥ£衣̧ͷ棺ùùø
ɳֻˣµʱĸˣȥеˮǴҽġ
Ľڡ
ң뿪ʱ򣬻һֱ
˵İʾô֪ܲǣװͿˡЦЦСҲ̸ˣζǿˡ
Ϊһ׵ģû뵽ĸһߣһſھȻ˵ôһʱҶЩȡ
ֻһǵУﲻסЦˡ
һۡ
һֱ緹뿪һֱһװͿĽ׶Σ˭ҪڽͣһȥҲͲ֮
ڼڵһ죬յĿСϿ顣
ǰпһ飬ϹŵħսǰоЩܻͻȻȤ뿪ǰ˳һʱ䡣
ڴϣһԹĿε˫ţ鿴Ľζ
ֵһʵֱܲƮȥϣÿ
ӴԸ˵ˣһ£̧ͷ磬ÿǰ飺˵뿪ǰ˵𣿡
죬ָСطҵģ
˭˵ģʣµĿ磺ô껹ѧỮˣ
㻹˵ңأ練껹!
練ǿɰЦһˣˣȥʰˡ
ϵСϣ˾뿪ˡ


46

ϰ, ֻص֮ǰ֮ǰƽˡ
һת۶, ʼ, ȻǸо, ܸо
Դӽ£Խ, ƨžͻˡ
ʱ, ϸǰڴߡ
ʼʱ绹Ϊĵرˣ֪Ϊʲô
˵, һߵı
, ڵĵط͸죬䲻յô׼ȷĽ, ͸Ƣˬǿյܱȵġ
ϸϰ಻ãҡſɳϿС˵
һлָûٷκι飬Ҳûʲôɸɡ
ǰ˦һƽ壬Դеĸ, û¿ƵҸС˵ֺ
տһ, 
̧ͷ
ڰ֣ʾȥ
ȥɴľָܾһ̧ɳϵƽĻԶҳͷȥ, ζ
ɫ̲ˡ
ͲȥһӲﰵ룬һҪӣÿζ浽
㡭ҧźٿڡ
ô
˵һŽʱտڡǱˡ
֣һķȥ
û¡ҡҡͷ֣עʱһۡ
Ŷ֣ͷɳͣ£Ȼ˻ʳƷӣԶ
ʲô֣ǸӵʱѾ̧ͷѾ˹ȥźۼЦһ¡
¡֣ЦţĶڲ輸ϣҪ·иƽ壬ֱ
ͬһʱѾȥȻ˵Ǿһ벻ĶȻ벻ǾͲ²ﻹҪ˷ʱ䣬ֱȥͺˡ
չȥ֣Ѿƽ֡
𶯡еѾˡ
֣һĻϵĶ̧ͷôʼС˵ˣ
磬ԷƽԵĲģҧһŭĿ֣ŶƼġ˵ţ֣óֱӷ˰칫һ档
ԹԿС֣ĲԶ򿪹˵ʲô
ߺţλ棬ƽĻ
ĹͦæģҲû֣ΣʱҲǿʱżҲϰ·ϣ˾ſڡ
ʼʱͦһģһĹö֮Ϊˡ
ǣʲôǹǳԵģڻǴϰʱ䡣Եģ⡣
Ѱ˼֣⣬ԷֱˣҸգɲҹȥ֪ģСΪû̫׽ĺѡ
ԡӦӹ֣ݹĶЦˣ⸽Ȼѩġ
û֣ҲЦǽߵЦ˺Զĵط򵽵أ
һ£ǣллһڷܺóԡ
ѡתͷͷƽϵ£ǾþõģһҳûзȥзĶǸո˵ĶԻ
ÿȥ⣬ͺԵĸоǶôĴڡ
Ϊ֣ˣǹȥˣƺˣֻΪˡ
ĻһֲĽĶ棬ȴǶˮۣͳɺ
˲֪ж೤ʱ䣬ڼһֱûĻ䰵ȫˣδһ㣬
ֱһĹ죬нĦ΢СĶ棬ըһ㣬˲侪ѡ
ոգʲôǹôܺһ
ѩһЦ⣬¿磺찡͸أ
һԽԽɣɣڻһҫΪڶҫ
ŶֻһڣȻת뿪գƮһƽԡ
Ӧ֣ȥ֣ΰɣ粻ȥָĩȻڼ׷С˵
ɳϣǰƮƽ壬Ÿȿ
ʱͷͻȻһͣ£̧ͷݰݡ˻֣û뵽Ȼȥҳ˲ȫתƵƽˣﻹʲô
ȷոտĵطͻȻվЩ֣쵽Լʱ˰ɣôȥ
һ𣿡ʣͷŹ⣬Ҳϵı顣
ˡҡͷһȥĹ԰ñŤһƣȥɣڼҿС˵˹ؼʱ׷Ľأ
ҲСͷͻˡ
ŶӦ۾Ļϡ
ô۾̲ס˵
ŶֻǴӦˣȴûж
ŹƽӦɳϣҲ̲סȫʹࡣ
֪һȥ˻ʲôǣ˵Ҳ޷ȥȲ뿴ǸҲ̫֪Ǹξ
֣ߺԡơΪɳȥйһȦ¥㣬˵
ԼҸ졣
ұˣҸĹǰܾҲῼҸġ
ͣһ˵һֱչҵģǲܽ飬ҲҪһӡ
԰ʱô˽ǲһҲӰһӡ
ǲһӣǾͻʽһӺˡôһӣǰҲЦ˵Һ˹ͬһӡ
ڲʱǰһ칫ǰ̸ЦǸʱ룬ǲǲ𰡣ǲǿ߹һ˵һ̰ҹͽˡתһֲܣһҪӵģǸʱƢĺ˾ͻᷴߡ
ûһ룬ôأôôõʱȥأڵ״̬ҲǵظǱʧˣȻbugǾͻ޸ôһӣһˣֻһֻôأ
֣ͨ绰һߵ˺ö࣬仰翿ǽߣ֣ߵ˵й飬ǰڵС
ǱǵཻһûС
ӽԺŵھӣ¥ˣǣһۻ¼棬Ȼ֣ΰСĵǰ棬ϸᣬָ㣬һϣҲ಻һֻ֡
ɿЦŵһʧˣԸɣһ¾£ЩҲˡ
ǣ绹ǲԸ⣬ԸֻǵһҲãֻǵйһʱͻȻֹһŮ£鷳ϻ
ԺЩõļ䣬Ҳûϵ
룬ûϵġ
۾룬˽ˡ


47

ʱ, ɳϿƽ塣
üͷһˣ
ûСͷ¶˰ͷһһš
˶۾á
磺ǹ
˹С˵һ쿪ʼÿֻСʱ, Сʱ, Сʱ, ϲ׼档
ΪʲôЩ
ϵƹⰵ۾á
˵ǹ
ǹ㶼ҵġ
۾֪λش, Ĭ˰̧ͷôɣԷ𣿡
ˡش, ûлشǰһ⡣
Ŷͷ
Ǹ죬ȿڣԺҽˣҪȥͷȥסˡ
һ, νЦЦ, °ʱҿܾҪȥѰͶ̥İ취ˡ
¼, 
˵꣬ЦˣôͶ̥ƵҪȥȥҰ취ˣôҪˣҪҺϲ𣿡
ֻǡҲ֪Ϊʲô
ˣһľͦĵ, ô˿ȥϴ˯ɡЦţһĲ⣺Ҫȥ, Ҳ治˶ˡ
硣
߳һЩͱסˡ
ûлͷҲûж˵ʲô
ҴӦҪչģ˲Զš
أͷԼ˵Ļؾͺˣ˵ʲôأ
ֻǡ
ֻʲôѸһ𣿡ͷ֪ˡ
ٵĴŶ, ӰˣͻȻоĿڱƣո˵Ĳ˼Ϊʲôڱ
֮ǰʱ绹ǿѹסԼǵţҲûעӣûǰԺ޹˼ɵͷţȥˡ
뺰Ҳֻҧ´ޣһ֮
ָݽƤ棬ȴûκʹڿƲסڵϣǣҲϲ㰡
۾ڵϣֻ֣ϲ㣬ңҲϲ㰡Ҳǡϲġ
۾зظ仰أСૣҲֻʣͣκ
һֻ۾ϣҧ´š
ᣬһˣûУӴԺ󣬾ʹൽҲһᡣ
ܾãһֱ߬Ű֣ɾǲɿ
ڣѹֵʹ⣬Ķ۶۵ʹš
ڸܽȥȥ֪ˣǾͱҪش𣬵ôĵľܾ˵ôĵĻ
ǾֻţƽˣȻʲôûһദͺá
˺ܾã㰲ˡ
ʱϰ˵ʮ֣ʱѾʮʮߡ
ѾûӰ̨ĴҲѾϡ
ʲôײˡ
ȥǸһͣˣܹȥôܹȥ
ǲܵģԣЩʹҪԼͦȥ˰ﲻκΡ
ϣ˵һǧһԼ飬˵ʲôڵ˵Ķ涼˽ߺȰջҪԼȥԡ
˵ڴϣֻһ˵ĺһ˲䣬оĴڣǸ꣬ûкûվǰԿһӶġ
˸Ʋ̨ǰصĴķ
ƽ飬һȥǷŵӰһǰӹһ˵ĸо
˵ȥظ··̨վ̨ϾͿԿԼǰ顣ӳо顣
Ȼ󣬱˾ظ
ڣ۾棬ָоվ̨ϵĴ
ּܲ尾ŴһԾ
ҲΪʾԭһʱЩƵûţ֪ʲôҲ֪˵ʲô
ڳˣ˺ܶ࣬һЩ
ѾҹֵҲǵˣҶǿˡ
ڽֵϣһͣһĵ·ߵˮ̨ӡ
ҹģ֪ȥ棬⣬ûˡ
·죬ϸѰʶˡ
ǲˣֻè¡
оǡˡ
ԣǺЦһ±ҽԺķƮȥ
ҽԺҲûʲôˣεȥֵĵطܲɵڣֵһŮˡ
ȥ¥һȦҲûˡ
ԸȤǽš
ͻȻ䣬ܹȥˣŲɿ죬·һ硣
ȥ֪ͨҽһʿһ˵
áڲԶתǷֿ
վǱ˼ҽָĺ
Ǹոôż᲻ǡôһ룬ҲŹȥˡ
ʿܵͦ죬ﲻʲôֻ֮Ѿ
ʿȥĲסԺǼӻĲ
ԼĲ²ЩɣҪͣСʿѾ˹
Ѿ֪ͨҽˣڸ·ϡ
翿ǽϿźٵܹԷƺûпҴҵĳ˽ȥ
վڲ棬۾Ķ
ѹŵʹһ㲻ĴĶ棬Ǻ۵Ĺ밲ο
ڣƽˣȭͷҲɿˡ
ûã˲žȣֻôһ˲䣬Цһ£Ҳ֪ǶǴ
ͷҲش
ڲ֪ԼһֱȥѰͶ̥İ취ǷǶԵģֻǣ᲻ܶദһ죬˵͵һ㣬׬ˡ
ܾã̾һСʱͲãԽǳԽأͦ˹֪һΡ
ʮӺҽԺ̨ںߣһһơơ
Ǹ㡭㰡ֽƽźˣǾȰɡ
һ˰ƿͣ£һ磬ЦЦû¡
ơƣôŹˡ
ôһʣЩ˼ˣô˵ҲѣҲôһֱߣЩ˺ˣʱûطȥˣ𺫶
˼Цһ£㣬˵ʲôʱͶ̥˾Ϳˣ
ҪͶ̥Щȡ
ͷҲǸ£ȥͶ̥ˡ
㡭ԥһ£Ѿйˣ
ҡҡͷ룬Լҡ
ŶͷüͷԶ֪ʲô
ǿ뿪ģ뿪ǰסҪæĵطԹҡ
ЦŵͷʾӦˡ
ǣף棬˭аĿܣܣҲܡ
ˣƽࡣ
ǣ粻ľܾôĵİ˵˺Ļ


48

̨һԾ, ֻǼ֮Ѿڽҹɫ֮У̨̨, ۾ŵ, 뿪ĵط
ܾ, һֱָֻ̧쿪һӣеơڿ˲仯Ϊ, ֻξƵָ, Ҳֻȥһ룬Ͼʲôûˡ
ջĿ⣬ת뿪
߳, Ӱ˲䲻, һѾڲ档
ϣɫ԰׵, ȴ۾޹޽ࡣ
ڣɫʹࣺٵȵȸ磬ٸһЩʱ䡣
硣΢źһֻ֣, ˺޹ˡ
Ҳܣֻһ, һͿȬˡס֡
ǡ
˵ˣ㲻Ҫܣһᴦáɿ֣ת뿪
, 溫ΪҿԵĴ棬߬Ű֣ɫʹࡣ
ͺ·Żȥ
賿ʱΪ̫ѹ֣ڳתһȦöˣҲԼЩ¶
ȥѡӴȥһֱӱȥˡ
ֻǣЩ⣬յԱߣͿԶһˣеǡ
Ǹʧ߰ڡ
תͷͯˡ
еûףĻشԲϺš
ˡû˵ʲôֲһ䡣һ˵꣬ϵȼյ̵٣Ľ̵ֱָƤ
ǣʲôû˵ֻһüë
ȻںڰУ绹ܿģûӦֱӳ֣أԴ𱸣ȥ֡
˵ƤһƬ죬ЩҪˮݵļƣҲ˲ôˣֱס
֪Լж䣬ǿÿһǸ֪ˡ
ָ䴫⣬͸ոȴʹвͬģʹ
ңû¡ڡ
ýˣŸоԴ˻ƵЩ̧ۣͷȥ΢΢üͷ۾
ֵͷӣ롣
ЩΪʲôѾ֣һˣȻˣǾһǳϲˡ
ȻϲģΪʲôأѾˣ̣
Ǵ˿̣ʣ֪ɣȵԪڣ뿪
ٸһЩʱ䣬˽ĶౣЩصļɡ
ϣɳ濴ææȥľǺܺã˯ٵԵʣЩ㲡ûо
ԥһ£ҪҪϢһ죿
Ƭͣһ£һҪĻ顣˵ʱָֻ˶ûתͷ
ҧһ촽ͷŶ
һ̧֣ϵƽɹ׼ȷ
ûڣʱ˳Ĭ
ڳһһţ̣һֽɾǺȥ磺ڼɡ
Ϊʲôʣȴʳһ˲ˡ
WiFiȽȶ˵꣬ȥˡ
ڹŵ˲䣬컨塣
˼Բʲôأر۾ûˣûˡûˡ
ֲͣĲ
״ڿʼҪ籣־ģո˵Щʱﻹ̲ס£ðĪ
վſڣǹûɢ
һ˿ʱ䣬ѾŵˣӦùȥϰˡ
˵Ҫ鲻ǽڣĹ賿ʱѾˡ
ȥ˾Ҳֻ﷢ɡ
ȡ˳Ŀȥ˾Ѿ߷壬·ϲ̫£ĳȴƽʱҪ
ƺûʲôżģʼն٣ĳһһ߹ȥХŴһ硣
ֵ£ѧһѧӿᣬǰƸ˼Ӧıҵ⼸ҲͿԹϰˡ
ôһ룬Ӧȥеļʵϰ
Ҫٵʱ򣬸ǰкƣǴѧУǰͣųźƹȥ
һߵţһ߰Ŀ档
УӿһЩѧĴţü֪ڵѧôģ·ҲҴ֣Σ
ôţҲԸˣתͷתͷһ˲䣬ͻȻһĨϤɫٵתͷȥȷϣֻЩ࣬С
ҧҧѳ·߿ȥ
ܹȥѰţڣˡȷɡ
ֻǣôأǲܳģ˭
ûܹȥǰĺƱ̵ƣʼƶͬһʱ䣬һȺֵѧͻȻһ˳һں׷ײϡ
ּӿ˽ŲСġٶѾܿˣǻûļڵͬʱһ˹
ڿʱ۾ˣһƿŵȺ˹ȥ
ֻʱۿ۾ͷ£Ѫ
ܲ˵ıֱӳԼĳķȥһһֺֻݺݵذѹĺԣͦסͦסҴȥҽԺ
ǣûκλش
֪ô£ȷɡ

ûܵԼĳߣ߾ͳһһȻ
ѭȥû뵽Ǻ
һôˣֱӴ򿪳ţ
һ̲ҵֱӱȥ
շƽ棬ʿͺΧʡ
ǡ

졣ͷûлأ϶ͣ˵ҩƷơ
ͻȻоһ˾ϰôΣʱ̣һ˶Ȳֻһߣ¡
ֱ쵽ҽԺʱ򣬺ߣתͷһۣô£
Щ֣ոտʱôôģڿ˵ʱˡ
ֻǣЩ֣Ѿˣڵô£
ʣҡҡͷҲǺ˶٣ոżȻġ
ΪȻϻбڣ˾˵ЩʲôҲܡ
ܲһΪʲôѾɹˣǰΰɣ
Ļһβûٴüͷ
ҽԺһţƽҽԺļҽӹȥź³
ġ
תͷȵһ֪ͨͻȥɡ
ֻһۣԽȥҽԺ
һһֱһôܰҽԺ档
Ӧ绹û˵ײˡ
Ҹ𡣡һһ˵ҲĸԸתŲᶨȥ
һվҽԺſڣıӰ죬ͻȻЦˣҲ֪Ӯ˵˭
֮ޱ飺ôø㣡

ԴȥϰԺĪﲻֲ֪Ϊʲô뿪ʱԽĲԽԽǿңֻоǿѲ඼Ƹһ㣬ǻҵ
ЩססڿȥԽߣľԽƽ
ͻȻŲһתͷȥʲôûС
ŽСġ
Сʲôأ籼ſȥûܵſͻȻֲԣĽű͸ˡ
ţٵӿȲϣǳٵء
ϲҪʧˣҪʧˡ
֮䣬ѾزͻȻǻһͨ۾ģˮ衣
۾۽һžӨڰʱԭѾտգʲôûˡ


49

ҽҽ, ŮзӦˣ
˷, Ĳ
ֻһ, ǴICUĵڶ, ͻ˥Ǻ, һ, ٵܹȥ
ûţѾ˴ˡ
һ˷ܣֱסҽȥ, Ůˡ
ˣ߽ȥ, Ѿ۾תͷ̣û
ôܣ費ţҸոտ, ۾ˡ
ͣǶ󣬲˻ʱ
û˵꣬Ϳ۾޽ĴɨΣȻں, Цˣ˵ĺС
, ˡһ̣淭һ㣬ǿžòͻȻ翪ڽֵ˲䣬Ҫĳǻһ, öĤۡ
һʱҲڻǸ磬ǣôôɺϵ飬֡ò·һġ
㡭ˡѾо˵Щˡ
Ƿݾϲ֮Ѿ޷
ǣͷң
ǰ磬㲻֪ҽΪһһҹûأһ˵Ȼżûǿ享
ҽġȻֲһ䣺ɿҪѡ
ԭֻǻʶһ⻰˲俪ˣź涼⡣
廹ûһˣͺȥһͿ˯ˡ
ʱѾˡ
תͷͿְֶһԣĿбӵĿЦһ£˰ɣҸ㰾ࡣ
ԣٺһ㡣ôûԶˣһˡ
жûְˣһ˰ɣͻȻһְ֣̿﷢ۣ˲ۿ֡
ְִڹжɹȻô׽ܹҲǸŮѪԵء
ǰûоְж׽˵ĹͨҲǸ߿־ԸͱҵĹҲְӡ
ڣǰûյ緢Ѿޣݲɣ·һϦʮꡣ
û¾ͺû¾ͺáظ˼飬ˮ˳
һۣסְֵ֣֣Բǵˡ
ɵӣֻҪû¾ͺˡְַס֣ԺʲôְֶģֻҪû¾ͺˣû¾ͺá
˯ѿʼְһֱ˵仰ɼжൣģǿģ˷ܡϲðɡ
ְ֣ȥôˡ
Цŵͷְֳȥתͷ
컨ͻȻЦһֱΪԼˣһƴԼ壬ܶ˵Ѿˣ綼ʵγ֪أôˣûͻȥˣôôûε
ڣˡ
ڴһ꣬ƺڣġȥ꣬Ǿ˵
类뷨ˣϣɹһҵʱڣֻ룬ǡȥ
ǣʱֲԡһꡣ
һ뵽˰֪뿪ˣǲǺܿģϣ뿪˲ڣӦú֣һɡ
ˣű򿪣ЦŶ
˼Цһ£㰡ֽӹ롣
Űɣι㡣ȥһԣҨһ״һݵߡ
Цӹȥ߲Ӧð˺ܾã㻬㡣΢ЦĿ裺ְأ
̫ˣĨأ˵ֵݹȥһࡣ
죺ԲǵˣԺ󲻻ˡ
ɵӡ̾ȳԷɣòǹؼ
ͷ
ѾûˣҲڴߡ˯ǰְ趼ȥˡ
ҪϢʱ򣬷ͻȻµͬʱһ
䣬һһɫ½۾档
Цһ£ҽֵࣿ
ûУ㡣¶ȫʱ򣬻شҲĶ档
ڴϣ΢΢ü첽ȥ¡ͷƽ¡
ûôʧЦİɣûˡ
û»˵˵Աߵ档
Ǹһ촽˭ҹҽԺģ
120ȹȥֳش
𣿡˼Ǹʱˣѵˣ
ǣҲȳ档һ϶Ļش
Ŷͷͷ
ôʡ
û¡Цҡҡͷ㿴ҵʱʲô顣˵ԼЦˣһоˡ
ǰҲЦˣǸʱҿʱ򣬾һʶǸ磬Ϸˣ˻᳤ƣǲеĶһûͬġ
ͷһˡ̧ͷźһˡ
˵뿪һ꣬ķʽһǰƯһ꣬ڣˣĻˡ
һǸƢȴǸܿĺ˺ܶ£ҲԱ˵ˣ֪Щ
磬ĿͣϺܾãͻȻ쿪˫ۣ΢Цӭ
ڶļʱվǰɫصĿżĵӣþò綼ʼˡ
ĭǲк֢̽һ䡣
ǡҡͷϵĵӵݹȥ磺ܽͿԳԺˡ
ЩģӿţҲЩ
棬´ҡҡͷĳ漣ˣ
е㲻׺˵ʲô
ʱѾ˥ˣҲ˥ߣѾ͹ȥ̫ƽһˣڼʱȻˣѵӳڣм鶼֤Ѿˣ۵ȶѾȫȬŰ£㲻𣿡
ôһ˵ҲЩˡ
˵Ǵʱصһǰ廹ʱ䰡Щ˸ʮ¿Ժõģ
գգۣҲ漣ɣ
һЦ
ӼûºͿʼŻˣļ죬ҽԺĺܶطӰʱסԺ棬ʱȣҲʳġ
죬ճ˷ģճŻûתؾͱסˣתͷЦˡ
Ż²ʣҪȥﰡ
ȥתתҽԺи԰𣿡һ
ܣͲܵȵԺ
Դ𱸵һ˲Ĵңڹȥһʱ棬ܶʱ𱸴
̫˰оЩʧ̬缱æתͷȥһߣú
߰ɣȥתתǰˡ
Цһ£аɡرǿӦһ㡣
ûȥĵطȥһ¥㣬Ĳ
ߵķˡںؿڣôˣ
Ųһ٣תͷƽȶˣɫ˵͵˲ſڣ͸ڿԿڴͷһ飬⿪ġ
תͷȥһ´ȥ


50

, ҽԺס˰£ҽԺ, ˲, ȫ, 棬ÿĲƷϡ
ԴԳմȵĶ, , Ե翴˾ܣֲĺ⣬ֻܸЦų, û, ͷԼˡ
Ŷ⣬о, һʳ
չ磬˷ڴϣŶ⣬ųԺԺôʡûʹһ
ɺҽ纰һû
, ⵹ûˣЩ, պźͽˣô춯ôأ
ˣȻһþòˡ
Щ, ſվŵˡ
Էֻԭվ˼룬Ȼɱװû¾ͺˣϺʹˣҸմӴɽ˵ˣ֪֪ˣ
ıסĿҲЩֹסҲûˣˣ԰
ҿˣһӶĨϵᣬ顣
ûʧЦҲˡ
˵һһ˵Ҫ飬ôҲסģأ
һڣȷûºŷˣڴţ֪֪˰ոյľصĿתϸĨᣬһۡ
ⲻûοչȥס
˴С󣬱׽ûҪףȻڰοڵĸܣ컻˵ǿ޵ͣľˡ
޹ˣͿʼѯ絽ôˣôУſھͳ˳أ
Ĭһ£ѧ֣СƵˡ
̫ϸҲֻ֪֪
ѧѧˣעʣ֪ϲԴ𣿡˫ֲһߡ
ӣͻȻЦ˳ܾˣûпļˡʱоÿһ˵УѧУҲˣ¾ȥˡ֣ڴϣټƽˡ
Ǳˡ죬һĲ˵ԺҴȥתת˳ԺóԵģȥģ
̧ͷ濼ǣûʲôطȥģ¼ȡͳ飬֪Ǹ˾ҪҪأ
㻹ȥϰడһľȣ粻һֱͼΪγԺְ¡
ȥ˵ôȥҲҰְֲġͷشԺȫ죬ְĲɣ˵ۿ
ˣӦøĸˡ
ͼĹȻϲҲھȥǣ˶˵ҪԺԻ˵ľԺˣָܻ
һְ֣Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡȻĿְֵı仯ôҲûд
ͷǾŰɣϲԺҲԻЦһ£˸⣺ھ˵һ飬һȤ
˵Ŀ϶ŪûжȤˣʲô鰡ʡ
²£ٺһЦչȥѣ㱾ģ
һм綼ûж
ǵһġ
ôҲɫˡ
û¡Цһ£ڲ˵ʲô顣
Ҹɣһ㶼²ʼأľĵǸӰĵˡɽӡӰӰȨ׼ĳ磬ȻٸĳɴӰ
üɽӡǵİںܻ𣬸ĳǻ˰죬ڵӰӾĺҲþ磬翴˸оҪһĵӾģ˵ɣͱǷݺúģġ
ǣɽӡ漰̫ţ˵ɹ㲥绹ԣ硭Ļͨ
أһ㶼⣬صں棺ˮ裡
ʲôЩȡ䣬ˮġȻĽҲ̫ˣչ黹еġ
ϲɾϲɣһЦľҪʱҾͿԿˮˣ벻֪ʲôӣҼһҪǩգȻһŴ㡭
һֱ첻ͣ˵ţȴûмĶ档
ˮǳϦദһ꣬ô֪ܲ
ֻǣڸսֹ˾ãôܿճʱ
˼⣬һ仰
Ȼ֪ܴܲӦĺϣˮˮԴӦ˫ĺ뿴ôһҲ˧
΢ɲҡҡͷôľ˧𣿡
ͬ϶˧
𣿡
ͻȻŵͷڿ˭ʱȵЦˣСŹȥ޵˧
Էһȥڶ뿪ˣôˣʵϰڹȥ𣿡
ûСʵش
ǻҡ˵꣬ˡ
ľıӰ˸ͷߣвεˡתͷ磺ȥźѸĴˣ㡣
ͷȥɡ
ݰݡ
ټ
£֪ܲʲô
ڶԺ磬ǣ滹һˡ
糯濴һۣŬŬ죺ô°
˭֪أ˸ۣ˵Ҫһƽ˵ȻƤĸˡ
˭ƤˣľһĲԸ⣬µīֺһɫ˿Χ
翴ȥֻЦĵһôĽӴǣһֿȵĴǡǣġеܲˡ
īʲôҪԺͿ㣬fxĹĵҪˣľܲĥĥӣǰһקİô
ˡشһ࿴͸Цˡ
ոֻǸоǸΧ죬ôһ뿴ſȥ͸ɻȥ
ľΪǽԶˣſڣԼҪסӣҼǶһƴ
ȻܲӵЦˣϸľҵĶе
ҽԺſڿĺЦŴкǵԱߵƵƵ֮
粻źۼָϹ롣
ٺһЦҿʲôû˵
û˵棬ʲô˵ˡ
ߵǰͷллʱչˡ
Ѽ䲻Ӧõ˵꣬ͷá
áݹȥ֣ȻԷЩסֽæջ֣Ǹְҵϰְҵϰ߰
ûϵЦţݳ֡
ס˲۾磬ջ֣ס硣
ǸҺ˵仰ɣʣ
ȻˣָͣŵĳȥϿľȥ˵꣬ˡ
Զˣſڣ㡣ݹȥһŵӰƱϰ˵ҽԺ˳ȥתת
ڡһ۲ԶӦòˣ
翴һ۵ӰƱĶȻǸƬ΢ôһϸ֪ʲô˼ˡ
΢ЦҡҡͷԼȥ
ϵĶһɡ̧ͷһ㣬Ǹлҡ
ЦҽǱְ
磺ǵأ
ѡʱǵǰ֪ͨҡֵݹȥһֽҵϵʽ
áӹÿһİſ￴ţָָڵңȻȥˡ
ټͷĿ뿪
˵ĳ뿪Ĺ˹ǣߵһҡ


51

Ǹ˾֪, Ǳְֵ߰ĹϵְʱӺ, ʼȥԼס翴ʼЦЦ, ǳʲô, ˾ҲǶͦġ
ʱ£˳ְ, ˵ڲ, ԶΪ˾ȫԻˡûУʹ, һζĹ˾
ôһ, ȥˡ
Եһ£ְʱӳһ, УھʽְʱҲʣһڡ
Űһʱ䣬ñҵǰƷ󻹿Ϣ졣
һ棬˱ҵ񣬴ľۻ, Ҳ˷ֱЩźô, Ѿȥˡ
ڣӦʣµļʱ䣬׼һϰҪõĶȷһ, Ȼҵˣͬѧ껹ڣԺ󻹿Ծһġ
ǰ죬ԼСԢ䣬üãԢסװʱҲ򵥣߹ȻҪúװһ¡
Ĳͣæµ£װγĳƷ绹Ǻġ
ԭҪϢģһ͹ˣ죬û˯ѵ类ö涼лˣææܹȥţһµһ¡
һţͿȫװվ绹˯£ҲǸ߹Ҵȥ𣿡
Щ£ʲôʱ˵ˣ
վ˰죬ϡǵôһ¡
˯ʱòǽһ绰˵ʲôǵˡ
˯Ϳˣˡ
Žȥһ£Ͼͺáתȥ䡣
СӦ
ûһҪȥİһۺɳʡ
ܣʱ֪ˡһ⡣
Ҳаɡȥ·ȥˡ
Сʱ˳ȥ¥һֱӱȥˡ
е㿴ˡ
˷ֱܵԺĽѧ¥ȥ
ɻˣһסվ⵽һ
ȥɽӡֳ˵һ̫ʵɷ˵ߣǱȥˡ
յϷ
ָţ㿴ľΪⳡϷûκӡȻ͵͵ſĶֲһ䣺϶ûվӣֱ𴲾ȥױˣ˵Լе
磺
ľԱʵû˵ֱһ̨˵ĺﴧĦҲûг
һԿһ뿪ˣԭ֪˭ʹ㿴ˣڿôһ뿴 
һ͹ˣ粥ʱɡ
ȥԺתת˵һ
ȥȥɣ緹ǰҹȥ㡣ӻ֡
ǰ˵һ仰һѧѧУװһΣȻһȥĴǱߣͿװ޵Աææȥ
ЦЦȥ˱תת
Ҫߣ˽
ͷȻ̡ܰ
΢Цʺã̺á
ѽ㶼þûˡ˵ס磺ﻹһЩ㿴ҪҪˡ
Ķܶ඼ȥˣһʱҲ벻˵ʲô
ȵܰѶóʱ綼Щҽˡ
ЩǱģǹˮģӡƬľר
ЩͻȻֻһ㡣
ϱӵԼϲһˣһ㡣
ⲻ𣿡ûӣһ䡣
ǡֽӹЦˣлл̻š
ǿŪЩסˣҪȻͱˡͷһۣôÿĶ˶ϧ
ǰϧָḧ棬ˮ֡Ҳֻмʱ泯࣬Цŵллл̻š
Ļһ˵ͦҪģöѹ
ܣ߳Զͷȥ¥꣬ڣҲȥˡ
ôһ˲䣬ֵĲᣬĶ߬ɿ󣬻ǽסⲻǱģഺ
ѡ飬Ѿûκιϵˡϲˮ裬ҲϲڣߣҪֿ
ֿЦԺ󣬼õһ¡
硣
˽˳Դȥû뵽ǺԷķ첽߹
ȵǰſڣɰ
΢Цŵͷ
硣
󣬴һϤһû˶ոյЦҲϡùһ㣬ûȥԵʱһߵĸ첲ѾסһǿӲת˹ȥ
һȷӣ
粻֪˿ıʲôģǲÿ֪һѿ
ûȿڳϣͿ֣
ƺҲ֣ĴڣתͷȥҪʱ䡣
֣վڼ֮⣬ŵĵͷ
ȴ类ĴӶľһ㣬۶۵ţȫѪҺȫӿͷ
̧ͷȥϴˡ
ܡޱȿ϶
ոտӰʱȷǵ翪ڣͰٷ֮ȷɡͬһһ꣬ôܲ˽أ
̧ͷȥ㲻˵ΪʲôڻݺݵĶź
˵漣𣿡վһƵᣬȫûҪ˼
ô𣿡֣߬ĶΪ壬һ̣ȴˡЩûмǰССԼڴһ̣ʳǾ仰ʱʧӦõģⱲҲ
ǲ˵ϣȻͶֻ̥صĹ켣Ҳ֣ȶ켣
̧֣ͷܱǸʧˣûԺҲϧԼ
˵꣬ת뿪
硣ǰסҲ˼ʱЧˣ˵⻰û˼ǡ
ˡڲ˵κλھֻ뿪뿴뿴֣һ档
߰ɡѿץŵ֣Ժ˵
á΢ЦŴӦ
ֱ߳Զ綼û˵κλϢСͷŽµ·ϵĶѵۣȴ᲻ӣɿŽ档
û׷ȷе˵ʱ뵽֣
ͻȻֵѹ
Ϊ˵ģΪӦˡ
վûԵ֣ǵɹڳˣվûԵ֡
ЩˣΪ˴Ϊ˾źźܳɳ
ûбߣͻȻڡ
ͷҲҲ˵ûˣʲô֪ûĿĻһ䶼ûС˵ʱ١
ȻǺϤȥԴҿԿͦģû˵̫࣬Ҳֻ˵Ǿ仰ּ֮򵥵Ĳһ䡣
һ䣬ȴ˺Ļ档ѯʲôʱͶ̥֣
ҽԺʮ죬ȴԹʽڴ˹ȥһ꣬˵ʼֻԼ֪ǵĸˣˡ
ϣ桢֮⣬ֻк֪ˡ
𣿡ͷԺϸܺõļ䣬ȴֻʣ֣һĻ档һķʣʺȴԼĶԴǰԺԥĻشǵģȻ࣬ÿζ˵ʱǺܺãʲô岻ݴǵİæȴЩԥˣЩȿֺĳȴһҲץס
ץסദЩ䣬񣬴˿̣Ҳץסһ㡣


52

ߵԺ¥ǰ
ԶľͿŬػִк, ҲŻһ֣ǻӦˡ
һԵĺȻЦˣѺܻð
Ŀǰ, ܹӰͷǰ, С, е衣
ͦõ
ʱſߵ˭ĿһЦһȦѽ, ⲻǺҽ
ҡЦ
ŶŶŶ, ˵СΪʲôƬƫƫҪԼţ˵ţײһ£
ͷϵġ
ôɣ, ͵һۺ˵ǲ
˭ûͷûβһ仰, 綼û˵ʲô
˭ͻȻǸƴȫ˰㵱ʱȥ̫ƽ, ҪǺҽûҲˡ
ü˭˵ģ
£ֵСʱɰֶڣûǩ֣ҽԼӲǸ˵ûס͹, ҽ°ʱȥ̫ƽ, űֵģ
˵Ұҵʬʱֵ𣿡ʡ
ǰͷ˵Ǹյ̫ƽʱ򣬾Ϳҽڸิء
ĺҲֻ򵥰汾ģǵһ֪еһЩ̡ͷȥ, ƺǿ˵ĻԶƽš
ϣŵЦݡ
ͻȻЩʧ⡣
ʶ㳤Ǽܶ࣬һܺõˡ
ײһļŵĸ᣺Ҹоҽ˲ҪҪǿ
ʧЦˣǾֻͨѶѡ
ͨôˣʣ˾Ӧ֣綼˸ˡ
ҿĴǶͲôһ£Цŷʡ
øƵģԸҲ࣬˭ϲ˰Ʋ졣
㲻ͦϲ𣿡Цţǰ˸ˣЦˣˡ
ǰһ仰İۻûȥأľˣֱǿлЦԶ¶׼İ˿΢ЦϺˡ
˵һ󣺡㣬Ҫʼˡÿ͸񾭲Ƶģ˭ЦҾ͸ɱȫƵġ
ͻȻ䣬ľദЩʶ͡
硣
ǰĺתͷЦŶ硣
ˡ˺ߡ
ҪҪ
ûԷô׵أҪǹǰ˵־ͱľˡ
ˣˡЦ˵һֺá
תͷ룬ǿڷϡ
ĸ˾룬һУſȥ
ոҪ˵ʲôЩϰߺʹһ𣬺򵥵˵һ¾ͺͺߡ
ҪҪһ緹Цţǰһۣڲˡ
Ŷͷ
и𣿡ֻǼ򵥻Ӧһ䡣
ô᣿ͷûС
һֿڣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ҡͷ
ҵġ˵Ȼһ˲˲Ŀı顣
ʵҲûʲô̫ķӦЩССľȣҲǾȺôʵ˵
סԺڼ䣬תҲֱ׵˵Ҫͺҽ໥֮˽˽⣬ʲô㲻˵ס
εаŵģֻǲÿʰˡ
û뵽ôֱ׵˵̧ͷҲµˡ
ʲô뷨ʡ
ʲô뷨Ҳ죺֪Ȼֻʮ죬ǡ㶮𣿡
Ҹʱ䡣ͷȻ˵ʲô
仰ǸǵĻ˸βһ㣬ֱѧУⶼûٿ˵ʲô
յУ⣬ڲԶˣڳڴſˣ˷ܵػӻ֣
ͷԶ
һתͻȻһϤӰϤĳﶸȻһۣϽջߡ
ߵĺŲѾͣ£磺ҽȻ˰̵ĻѧУˣҲʲô˼ʱ䷽Ҹ㿼ǣѡ񣬲ʲôѡǶѡһļ򣺡һȥȥԷɡ
㡭һҪסĳ嶯
ҲȥԵģգȥ΢΢Цһ£˵ټ뿪
ݰݡĿź뿪ŹȥǱߡ
˵ʲôˣҿҽˣչȥͻԻӣֱˡ
ûʲôҡͷʲôŮոʲô
ʲôԡĻش˼֡
ͷš
緹ʵܲһֱٸʵ׵ĸˣֱӻӻһ뿪ˡ
˳ںЩԺ顣
ʵҲûж£޷Ǿ迴ͦõģһ
ֻǡ۾ԺȫӰЦĲͷʱӡߵʱ綼Ǽ¡
ˡ
˼ƮԶˣ˾ʦ
תͷ𣿡˵žҪǮǮ
ǡ˾ʦֻͣһֱ죬ҿҲûҪӵ˼ͽһ
ŶллЦŵлӰóֻ
˾ʦֿڣǲǺѳˣŲѵ绰ģѽǻ̫ᣬҺҼӳܣÿΰҸϳźҴǻӵģҲһ٣ˣ˾ûˡҲѧŵ㣬ûһˡ
翴һ۴˺˾ʦġ޺ͺۡЩЦ
ûش˾ʦ˵š
ʱֻ衣
˾ʦʱͣ
ոôôöûӰ֪𣿡Ǳ赣ĵдŽ뼱ٵĴϢ
죬ǱߴĴϢüأ
ģҺֹȥ㰡˵Ƕ£ְֵٳʲô£ȥ㡣
һ̣Ϊʲô˵ˡ
ЩȣٵգգۣŻͲһȷûκſڣû£Ǹոպͺҽһأû
ǱһҽĶˣЦˣѽͺҽһְͷˡ
衭еЩֹ
ǱߴӦһԥ˰ʳ˿ڣҰֶϲҽ
ǰ϶ش𣺡ǶӰҽߣֹ˾æÿ춼һ˾ûôʢ͵뿴ÿο滻ˣɺҽˡ˵ָо䣺ҿҽǸˣҺֶͦϲġ
紹Ŀֿܾһ䣺ǺϣҺͺҽһ𣿡
ǰֱӵĻش𣺡ҽ˺ûôչ㣬Һָо
Ŷ֪ˡƽĻӦְһְֲŹҶϵ绰
һ̧ͷͿ˾ʦӾ߶ϵ˲䣬һΡ
˾ʦЦЦȫƾԸ
ҲΪ𣿡ʡ
ǡ˾ʦЦһ£ǸôǾ˽ܣоһˡ
Ŷͷϵؽֻ˽ܵģҲôð


53

绹ڻؼҵ·ϸĵ, ȥ˸̳
³ʱ˾ʦЦҪȥã
һ£Ŷʮӡ
˾ʦһֱǸЦЦҰһѵĳɣҵһ¿Ҫؼ, ³, Ҫȥ
, ллЦţҿܻٹһ
ȥֱ̳¥ȥѡ
֪СŮϲʲôӵ, תһȦֿտայʱ, ͻȻһҵ꣬ǵ͸һЩӵġ
ѡѡ, ѡһ¿Ŀں, ɫɫ
˳ʱѾĵ, ʱȻûе߷壬ǳҲѾԵˡ
վ·߰һϵַں治˵
̳ҽԺľ벻ԶҲͶʮӵ·̣ûһ͵ˡ
縶Ǯ³, ǰļȥ˼ӻ
ֻǣ濴һȦ, Ҳûпûп
粻òϣҽԺĲ˽⡣
û취, ֻסһʿѯʣʺĲ
СʿʣԵʶִһ£ţʲôˣ
ЩЦˣΪҲ;ľԱȽϸߣû뵽ʿˡֻÿ˵Ǻҽѣ˵ùգҹףء
˵ţĶʿ
Էϸ˼Ƿ˾裬תͷָţֱת¥¥ֱߵڶ䡣
ͷʾˡ
ȻջʿָʾȥҺĲ
¥ͨôĲȶסˡ
¥ݼͿʿ˵Ĳ¥304.
߹ȥ͸ϵĴԿıӰŴźЦÿġ
һš
ļ́ͷ͸ϵĲ˲䣬ϲתͷԺ˵˾ʲôվ˹
ӣԵȴ
סķ˫˼ģһǷˣҶԷûȥΪŰɡ
֮䣬Ѿųˡȷϵľϲβסôˣ
õġݹȥ˵ա
ڿ˲ӵزסȥɡ
Ȼתͨ廹
ʱЦһ£á
á΢Ц
¿۾žϲ͸ҵ𣿡
ǡֵݹȥ
ӹȥȲĴ򿪣ڿ˲ϵЦͻȻûˣֱӰװ˻ȥ
Щ֪룬æǰôˣ
ҲҪˡ죬Ȼô˵ȴ档
ֻ⡣翴롣
̫ˣղ𡣡̧ͷ磺¿һܹ󡣡
󡣡ЦŹȥлԱۡ
𣿡۾Ź⣬硣ͷ˷ܣĺϲҵĿں죬̫ˣ򡣡˵ź˸һЦ
ˣְæϣƬ
뿪ǰ
ɣԼԡվڲ⡣
ͦˣɡ֡
ĲˡЦˣǰҲԼȥ𣿡
ֲһ練ֱӰסļǰߣһСô˻ȥΣհҪ͵ģ
˿̵Ѿû˼ˡ
һ仰ƺְ˻档
ǰǰֲһǰúΪǸʱǹڣˣˡ
ûپܾ˳˺˼
󣺡ԺôصˣҲòϡ˵
ϲҪһۺ
ܾãֿڣ㡭촽˼ǲǺһ˼
û˵
ᣬϽͣûб˼ǡϣ˼룬˵ϣҲ̫ѹһľġ
ͻȻվһࣺҰϲ㣬Ҳо˺ܺã롭ǿԽΪǰύȻΪѹҲ
ᣬѹһͷˣԽΪǰύҺԸ⡣
óЩżڳ塣
˵꣬ûн˵վţҽԺſڣⳡЩ졣
ͻȻ䣬һЦˡ
磺˵ⲻоЩ𣿡
Цˣˡ
ҡڣؼҰɡ
á
ӦȺһŲҽԺĴŶȥ
ĽŲͻȻЩܣǺĳ棬粻֪ôȥԣ֪˵Щʲôô뿪
ʱһ£ȥûʲô̫ı仯ֻǴ·Щ仯Ķһװ磬ȻеĳͰɫ䣬ͷԸɾ
ߵ֣䡣
ǰǹһףڣˣһˣȴһףֶ˵
΢΢ĲһͷͿԿԵĺϻûüµİ״ӣʱٴһ޿۾˹ˡ
ְ֣
ͷŽµ·ܺϲһǾѡһĸϲİɣ
ҽԺſһͬЦ֮ȴ֪ôͺദˡ
һ·ϻԽǳĬԽҡ
ܸоոգ̫嶯ˡ
Ǹ
տڣתЦ⣺ȥúϢͣó
á
ӦȻ󿪳ȥ
ȵȡ
߳󣬺
ͷͿ׷˹㡣֣ҵģ˵ҸԼϲˡ
ͷ򺫶棬ֻһһͭСںֵ˲仹
̫ˡԶ֡
Ǹո̫嶯˵˳͵ĶҲ̫ˡ
ŰɡӲǰֳ棺һ춼Ҫϣ¡
ͭСںоûʲôתʱȴо˺ԵһСе
̧ͷѾڼ֮⣬վڳЦſ翴΢΢һЦ

յڴ棬תȥˡ
סһһСԢ¥̫ߡ
ַڿڴ棬ĻͭôĶЩģΪǺĹϵǸоģȴ˵ﲻ
ȵݵĹóϸţƹ£Կͭʲôֻǿʱ̫ãѾģˡ
뿴壬մսǰͻȻͷĵƺһΧ˲䰵ˡ
ġٿءһ̧ͷȥȴһˡ
ߣ
ͻȻ󱳱üͷһ壬֪ʲô͵תͷΧʲôûУֻǿеʧ¶Ȼ

ſˣվڵм䣬͸淴Ļüͷ


54

, ڼ׼ϰҪĶڼ享Ҳҹ, Ƕʱ溫תѯʵ⡣
ںϲǸƷƵĻױƷ, Ҳ̫˽, Ҳ⵽캫͸Ķlogo
ǺʵҲʲôѶ̫ģҲĸЧô
Щ绹ǿԻشġ
, ƷƵĻױƷ
ϰǰһ, æ
ԭ򡪡GKͻȻ֪ͨ繤б䶯Ҫǰְ
ԡϰǰһһ绰ϰĵһ졣
һϰ, Ҳҵ, ֱ϶յַȥ
յ¥ͻȻ˺
Щ;ȣ˹ȥô⣿
Цһ, ڳϣݹ㣬Ҫȥ۶ᣬҪȥһܡ
ЩӦվﷴӦ˰׺˵ĻͷעϢ
áЦӦ, ŰҪŵ˼ҪҪ㣿
ˡЦţ绹йҸʱϢһ°ɡ
ҿڷɻϢ߹ȥס󣺡ҵĳ
ǡ
, Ǻûи͵ʱ䣬ֱͽȥ棬Ȼƹȥʻ
תͷѵַҰɡ
籨ϵַ˲䣬ֺüͷô𣿡ʡһַѡ
û, ЩϤתͷ뿪
·ϣȫǸոպüһ룬û˵粻֪ôʣôţ˵ַĵط
͸ȥͻȻ˸ոպΪʲôüˡ
˾
GK̫ԣǸӣڼʮ֮Ŀ
ҹȥˡ˵ڿŵ˲ͻȻʲô˻ϰࡣ˵꣬תȥ
ڹŵ˲䣬Ц
һ˲䣬ҲЦ˳
ͻȻѽ׵仯绹ӦǲɷϺǸˣæÿһ绰Ҳ˵ʲôʱ˵Ҳмᵽȥ
һ˲䣬ӳʱȴͻȻоҲܺãܺãԺҲԺһã˾һ𣬻Ժ󻹿һ
簴յַҹȥһžͿǰ̨ϤףԷûзר־վӡ
߹ȥһ̨棬ŶԷ̧ͷſڣˡ
˵ŰƬƹȥ
һ֣̫ܵϤ
ǰ̨￴һۣЦˣܽ컹ᵽء˵ʱѵ绰ȵȣҰ֪ͨ
ЩЦˣС󣬵˵һһʵЩԲ
ǲû˵ʲôֻ΢Цվȴǰ̨˵Ǹܹ
ܹĺܿ죬ǰ̨ӹҶϵ绰һңĿſһơƶǵ˿첽ĹЩĿеľߡ
뵽˲Ц˳ָоأֻİЦ˻ȥ
ܹ̫ۣǰȥӭӣã硣
ѽСˣ߰ɡ
ֻһܵʱ䣬ͱܼҴҵˣ绹һ±״̬ȫ֪ʲô顣
ڵܼ򵥵˵һ粻֪ʲôϰǵˣڹ˾ûжֳ㲻ҪϰڴϰǱߴһʱ䣬еٰ
˵ٶȺܿ죬Ҳ첻ݰ˵꣬ûشǷԸĻᣬֱ϶¥ˡ
ǾߵĲںþ·ٶȲǿסǰͣ£ѾùŽȥˡ
ҹȥ
ϤıŭôĲͷվ⣬֪֪˵ȴ棬ǵһʱ򡭡
һֱǸͷӡ
Ĩ¶ͷܣ˵һתͷʲôûСܿһ濩һ
ҽܹأ
Ҫ˵ܣͷ϶ˡתͷȥ硣
绹վţʱɫЩãҲںǷйϵˡֱһͺǣĥʲôأ
ѾӻһƬƽܵĽкûκα仯̧ȥ档
̧ͷ㿴һͷ
Էڿ˲䣬۾ǧȴһûж
ֻһ룬ӱ˭ô˵ģҹȥ
ŭĿſܣһָŴţظȥʧǰ
ǣϾ͹߶ûˣֱǳܳȥġ
ȥʱŴϡ
磿תͷϴžϲҲʱǴŲȷ
ͷͷڰ淭˰̧ͷܿԽһ֧𣿡
ԡ֪ҪʲôڴӦͬʱ˳ִһ֧ʵݹȥ硣
лл˵ֱӺŵɳ棬һһŰֽһűʣ治֪дʲô
վڶ棬һεĲ輸սĹΣ磬ôһ˲ֳ˻Ӱȥһ棬ÿ춼εĻ
𣿡죬ʳ롣
죬һһҹľûкûҲʼı䡣
Щܲ磬ȥһ꣬綼ԱĹΪԼԽԽ磬ر뿪ʱϰˡ
ǣϰˣҲϲ˵ʱȴǰĳˣȴҲͬʱԼǰ
ܲˣʬ岻ɿΧҽʿƴ
Ѿˡ
ر磬ֵͬʱǺƽûκεۿġ
Ͻ߬ʧ̱ȵĵذ档
ǡ̧ͷһˡ̧ͷȴûһЦݡ
һ˲䣬оǾϲǲǡ
㡣ͬʱվѱʻͬʱҲһŰֽ
ͷְšдУʲô˼Ŵְŵֽ硣
Ҳ򵥻شͬ
ڿѺʱ۾һ˲
ͬʱҲˣƶѺ棺һֱΪ
ô𣿡ʣ̧ͷְѾˣҿ뿪˰ɣ
˵ȥ
ܡ

תͷ߬ŴְţΪеѾ塣
磬Ŀ䣺˾й涨ְԱְǰһύǳʣύһµĹʱ䣬ߵȵһְԱýӲʽְ
᣺ҽűڶûʽԱĹ涨
治ɫ£Ѿˡ
磺
ô֪


55

һֱΪⱲҲʲô󽻼, ûмĿԡ
Ƕ̶̼죬͵߸ҽԺʱ뷨
Ժĵ, ֱĹ˾, Īı
绹ЩԽܡ
, ܾ칫⣬翿濴
ֻǰĸ, Ͳ˵ʲôˡ, Сѧ
˸İۺ¿
1.ÿҪϰ硣
磺𴲶˽Уû˭硣
2.׼ʱ칫ͨ硣
磺ô໨Ҳж
3.ϰ°
磺ϣÿ춼Լᡣ
4.ϰʱֹ˽˵绰
磺ô涨ϰʱֹ֣㰡
5.
磺ʡԺ˼
úټϵ˼
ͷͻȻ, ̧ͷ, Ϳվİ칫ǰЦ⡣
磺͹ʲôë, ·
νġϣôǵǰ⼸
Ĭһ£ǰճĹ涨ÿŵĹ涨ͬȥ
һӣΪġҧ촽˵ã½ҾͿ뿪ˡ
ȻЦ⣺ʱպ, °ˡ
ֻʱ䣬ĵ㲻, е֡
ǰӰô˵Ҳõϡӣôô磿
ǣȻϰ嶼˵°ˣ绹ôʲôֱӰѡս, ϰ뿪
ߵſڣͿܾ칫ˡ
ǸɫĹİ翴ǡ
תͷŵ֡
𣿡վߣῪʡ
ͷʲô
ǡ
ˡ˵һŴ򿪣Ƚȥˡ
һ仰Ҳֻ˵һԵĿó粻̫ʵʱ칫ҵʱ򣬵ݸǳʱˡ
һˣǾǡ֣
һߵݽ棬ͷ
͸ݵľĿСС顣
ʶһ԰ˣе˼Ƥ޴ΡǰˣƺȥһӴԸЩ롣
˵ݣǰ֣ûͣ翿ڽ涼ͷۣʱر֣졣
ֻԽϣԽ⡣
ֻˣһֱͣҲһˣǸĸоװ˺ܶˣкܶͬʱ߷Ҳӣ˵ʲôԴ͡
ͷȥǶߵԽԽ翪ʼͷΡӿôһת
ڸоԵʱʶȥסǽڣ
еС綼ûʶг֡
ԽԽзѵֻܾܲĿסݱƽȡ
һѣϳ׵ʧȥҲʼǰȥ
ȫҲʱ䡣
磿ԭ͸ݱڹ۲磬ڿԾʱ˲侯תͷ˲䣬ƺڽᡣ
һǰͿѾķ򵹹˲ֱֽ̫࣬סְһ֡
һ룬ݶһŴ򿪡
Ѿͣ˼¥ڵŴ򿪵˲ֱӱס˳ȥ
ȥİ֣Ľк
ǴʱѾˣӶôǲΪ廹ûлָãǲǸۻˣ
һ˵ݣҺ˲ʧקסĸ첲ûˡȻǰЩڰĸоǳݺѾöˡ
ͣķĸ첲վڵϡ
ոͻͷɫףûκѪɫ˿㲵˲٣Щ̬
磬ЩģȥҽԺ
һ˵ͷֱֱĿǲûлش
ֱ׵ģŵ뾯裬˲ˣĿת
ǵţΧһ
üʲô
ҡͷոմǽȥˣû塣˵ţüͷĸˣȻûп壬ȷǾϸǸ
ֻǡ΢΢۾ˣΪʲôйҪʲô
ǲǸˣתͷ磬ϿʼָѪɫЩģҴȥҽԺ
áܾҵ£ܴá˵ͱ¥ݼȥ
¥ȥҲԡ
ٵı¥ݼȥȴɻ
硣ں溰ûͣµ˼ߵĸˣĵĶʱ˲١
Ϊʲôڶ̬ȣǼԼԸôŸĲ
ߵĿ죬¥ʱŵģ¥ݼʱѾӰˣֻƾЬ̨ȥжϾ롣
еֱһ̨ȥŻֱ̫һ̨ȥˡ
ڶ¥תǣվǵ硣
ǲӣǿóһķ˲ֱһ󲽴̨վǰ۾ſһǰ
Σжˡ˵Աһ̨棬ͷѾЩա
ô£վ棬Ŀ̨ϵ硣
ҲͷͻȻֵġ
˵꣬ͻȻԿһۣ񽻻˲䣬ȫ˶ԷĲ롣
᲻ǣ
üͷβ񣬹ǳġ
ΪԶͣʱӡ
ʻ񶨺˾ĳĬš
Σ̧ͷ֣ΰ鶼ôˣﻹȥ
ûСҡͷǰһ̨֧ϣһתߣҵǸŮʦֵǸ
Ǹ⻰ӱ˵ƽĿ˵˾ʣ³Ծˡ
ĿһĲš
⸱鿴ȻЦˣҵǸô˾𣿡
СصĵͷһûƢôõ˵Ǹء
ƢãʧЦô˵Ƣֱȫˣ
磺ûҸоƢͦãֻèƢôá
èЩȵĿ磺ʲôʱֻ֪èģӡֻ֪èǴ̵Ŀ֪ʱڣô֪
һμ֪˵èǹó㲻֪𣿡
治֪ҡҡͷֻ翴죬ͻȻЦ
ôһ˲䣬ͻȻص˹ȥҲÿ춼һʲô˵ʱ䣬ڵõĻ䡣
ֻ߾Ͳͬˡ
źķЩ飬ϰߵİһֱˣȥһദ
֪ˣҪ־롣
ʶһ㣬ٵЦվˡ
ϵЦݻûѾޱվ׼뿪ˡͻأվס磬ǿ㵽ôˣΪʲôڶ̬ȡ
һֱˡ̧ͷȫƽҲûһƭ˼
˽粻ǡ
ģضĻֻ˵˽Ĳȫ档֣һᰴʱϰ࣬ټ
˵ͷҲص뿪


56

ÿһǧĸԼԲԻͷ, ҲӲܶٱκθĻ롣
ȥ·һֱǸǽӰ, ȻĶܿ, 翴ú, ʶ
ǵΪʲôأ⼸쿪ʼͷǸڸ, ҲֻǸ, ûʲôʵԵĹ
Ҳæģ룬СæĹ
Ҳ˵ͨǰæ, Ϊʲô, ԷûҪ¶˼
ôһͻȻʶһ⡪ˣΪʲôῴ
ûе, ͻȻԶϤСģ
һ˲ľͷ㿴Ƶķ񱼣д󺰣ÿ
תͷһʧ˵ĳķ˹, ΧûκˣԵľǳġ
ֻʮ, Ŀüʻλһڡ
û壬ͱһ̫, ԵײϡֻԷƺһһѾڵϹȥԶ
顱һԶ·ӷҵײ
ʶĻȥ޴˶
ȵͣʱ̧ͷɵڵϣ˫ֻı
һѾ˲ֱ̫࣬ŵֹڵϼơ
û¡ϳһ˿ʹ࣬ҲֻһӣȻŵվ
ͷһֻ֣ࡣ
ллһִֻϣͷվ
վ˲ͬʱȥ
ʻλûˣΧȽϿտûκԱ
˼ܸոķǴģҪǰûҲֻҺʵʱ
ôһ룬ոڵҲĹ
죬ߵˣȹȥҼҰɡ
˵յæͣûоÿڿҵʱ𣿡
ϸһ£ȷʵǣǰΣһڵ棬һûˣ¥ݼ棬Ҳһ֣ǸŵĹˡ
Ρ
ɻĿ
Ϊ̧֣Ѻ磺˵Իҷ𡣡
ɻˡ
Ѻиģж粻ֻ֪è֪Ƿ
ֻǣǣҲѺܹıΪʲôڻɱĹͻҷ
ֻֻԶá
ŶƶǶĵͷ
еĶܺܶ
߰ɡȫûҪߵ˼ֻͣȥ
һôʵĽӴ磬оǳá
ǰ棬֮һԷҪ֣߬ĺܽһֱҲûɿһ֣Ǹӽˡ
ſҡں棬ܻ
ǰͻȻá
жûˣһ£Ҳ£ѾܾˣõԼ˵Ǹ
֣Ǳģ²һ޶
СתͷᶨĻشվ棺㶼˭Ҫ㣬һŮôܱԼ
ҿԡ̧°ͬᶨȥ
ո𣿡ЩողҪһˡոԵľ⣬ʱ㲻
ûлشֻŭĿſ
ܾãͻȻ̾ҲǹôԼοڶ֪ΪʲôԭΨһ֪ľѺԱ㣬ҲԱҡ
һ粢ûҪ˼˵㰲ȫˣҾͷȥ
áܾãͷɿڣסͷ
һ۾ͷá
һǰһϳǰˣڸʻҲֻǹؾصͷ֪ʲôǰÿڸʻܲʵܶʱŰӳȥĶڿ
ڳĬĿ໥ĺ
ܾãȿڴƳĬֶˣ
мˡ絭شɵͷ
᲻ǸֻˣʣûǴǸӡ飬ʱʹı飬ⱲӶˡ
ҡҡͷҲȷǸоͬһԺҪ
ţһĬ˶ͬʱüͷ˼š
·ϼ򵥵ͺ˻
翴ٵĳȥıů
ֵͷָǲܴڵģĸǲܴڵġ
͸ٵܻͻȻʼ۶۵ۡ
ֻܳԿˣǿǰѶںʻλã˵
ûϵҡҡͷɵͷ
ļһۡ
ļһ뿪һƽõλöûб䡣
ע⵽ٵĹȥѴͰںãȹԷɡ
áͷջߡŬոտĻ档
ʱãһԷ
ֻͬǣǸˣڲÿԼԣڶˮ
һͿǼֲˣȫϲԵġ
㲻ǲ۲𣿡ʶ˳һ˵ڲŸоԣҲղˡ
ͦóԵġЦţѵķݸ磬һֻ͹ȥӣʳ
˵һһϵһԷ
ͷԼķ˵Ҳ̧ͷֻרĳԷ
ԵˡǰĵͻȻһ˫ӣѸڵջؿӡ
лл˵ٵİѸлصԼԵ
ȴɻôԸͻȻͱˣ
˷ʱҲ̫ڿɳ棬ڳϴ롣
棬ôôŤɳձô
ͻȻֻʾ
ٵǿԼתע
ʾǶţ㿪Ǻѧۺİ
ѵõĻһֵı飬ڿ˲Ц˳
תͷһۣҵĳǿʽģһתͷͿԿĶϴˣͻȻһ뷨
ֻ˹ȥסĸͷ
ˮϴԼֵʱּ򵥵ĳϴºصˮͷתͷ˯԰ɣ˯ͷˡ
˵ߵֽ̨ɾ֡
ǿͷɡ˵ֻǽסһ
һ仰һ˵ֵĶһ٣̧ͷȥ磺ûȷ㰲ȫʱҪһֱߡ
ʱ·ֵתһ㣬һ仰ֱӰӽʱ棬·ֻصһǰǸʱ⣬˼Ǻţһ㱻ץߵʱҲⷬ
ֻǡʱͬա
Цһ£ϲûʲô̫ı飺ܺͿˣʱҪ鷳ˡ
غʲô£üеĴ̫ˣȥ귢ĺܶ¶Ӱ
ҺԽΪǰύһ仰ֱȥĴԡ
仹һʱ˯ĵطٴλﻹһʲôû䡣
ԽΪǰ𣿡ͷ㲻ϲ𣿡
תͷɨԵķţûж
ڴϰΣﰵΪոһ仰ڡ
ô˵ʲôأҪҲнˣʲôأ
ֻ췢飬лصǰĸоŻΣյʱʶѰı
ǣվҪ֣һʵԶ˺õĹޣǾɡ
ף·ĶҪأҲֻԱ
¾Բú֪һҪں֮ǰ
ʱеֻͻȻ翴һǺι
ôûϢǱ߿ھʣŵġ
տ˵
ǸҪ֪𣿡
ΪʲôʣвõԤС


57

ǸʲôرΪʲôҪţ
ʳе, ǱȴûмʱشֻǱ΢춯, ûһ, ش𣺡ͻȻе, һȥʱ㡣ҪסͭҪЯ
áȻɻ, ǿ绹ǴӦˡ
, ɻˡ
ŬĻǰͺӴļ䡣
֪ҽǲԴЩװԵĶģ죬ϰʱ, ĻͭǴϽġ
ǡǰû
ǾŴϵ, 죿
֪һȥ𣿻֪һ̸۵⣿
Ļⲻһ˲䣬·ʲôһ, ۾
ͻȻ䣬ĶԭϵĴƿƮڿСһӽ
ΪǹŵģôƿǾǡˣ
һӦ, ȥ
һֱĶͲ˽⣬, Կֻ
ңǹҲԿˣڰ, ɼ̶ȡ
һڿ󻡶ȵʱ˲ܵſڣһѹ˳ȥ󺰡
ǺХ硣
ûлͷҲһͷֻ֪
ܳԶ͸оִ̹ǱĸоԽԽ
ӽţҪٴκ
ھڴԵתǣֻһ֮ңǿĵѾصˣܿѾȥԼԡ
򡭡
źһ֣͸оһֻץס˲ʲôֻʣء
ͭģ
߳һĶߣ̵䷢ۡ

ﰡֻвɣ⻹죬ôش𰡣
һֱһˡ
ͬʱʼ⡣
ӡ
ʱôˣֻҪ
˼ƴˣ
뺰ȴôֻ
Ǵ̶ڶ˵ֻͣ뿪̱
ͭģٲ˵вɱ㣿
磺
ƴһ·Ǳߴŵ
һϲ
ոȥ˴ԣͻȥ¼ˡ
Ǿ仰һֱϣô¼ҲоӵĲʵܲˣ硣
ߵ͸о˲ԡԵ½ˣ˲ô£۾һתЬŽĴȥ
ûпƣΪ浽ʲô
Ҳֻʣ±ڵƵ΢
ŵת䣬Ϳƹվϱʹࡣ
վվɾʮȣֻһֻ뵽ʲô
һֻ֡
ԵתǴһƬڰֻƾſ΢ȥжϣҲȷǷԿ
ԭһϲǺûʼĻţûע⵽Ծɣ
ôأڿ¶ôֲܷͣˡ
ֻЩģôһ룬ˣϵı̹ǵĸоѾ˺󱳣ԼԶһЩ
ҧҧ֪Ǻʱһ
ֻǣֻþȫҲֻǰƶһֻţȴֻ׺ݵľ棬ǻ濪ʼƷͣѾˡ
˿ʲôĶʧܣͻᱻ
ֻǣ粻ܾôòײŻ
ͻȻ緢תǴһ½ǣ۾΢ıڵƵƹ¿ȥһֻŵĽֺ
˲ˡ
ϿԼԼĿ֣ǽϣƽǽ棬Ķ硣
ΪϻŶ˲ʲôˡ
ֻ뿪ĿյͻȻһ֣׼ȷץס֣߬š
һ֮ϵıͻȻʧŵĻһ˺ѷεʹ
ͷֻһӰٵĴǽʧڴԵ֮䡣
һ̱ڵϡ
ʱѾֱߵĿأϴԵȶһɣʲôûб䶯
ȥȥ磬ԷϴʱѾˮ͸ͷҲһһ縵ġ
ۣ̲סְÿˮʪͷûˣûˡ
ڰο磬ȴֹסĲ
ոǲǡ
Щ󣬺ò׿ŵ磬Ҳ޷һǰˡ
ܾã̧ͷ֣лл㡣
ֻҪû¾ͺáջ֣ͻȻǰıסֻҪû¾ͺá
Ĳ˶ھҵĶĸǿˣһ˲ں
άƺܾãȷӦġ
лҪ˵
˵죬ûֻǲķС˺ܶࡣֵһŷſ磬棬һĵģڿʼһ䣬ʮСʱ뿪
磺˵Ĳ
Դûб飬ֻһ뷨Ǿô硣
ղŵǰ󲻹һң˵ȴǹ˼һ붼¡
ҲܣҼҾ͵ȫҵģ
оȫûһƵ棬ǴʱͻȻҵǰסһĸо
ûб䣬絽ڵĸо鶼Ǵ
㵽һޱĿ
˸ƣڵϡ
·ݵذϺ졣
Ҳ̫⣬˾ڴԵȵ̸˸ոյ顣
ǸҵĲҡһ仰˵ص㣺Ҫһͭ˵ţüͷ
ͭظһ䣬Ҳüͷ𣿡
ҡͷǣǺġ
һᵽֱʱ˵Ǿ仰һɫʼãǣһˡ
ü黹ûŪ¶۰ɣ
ˣʶðôͰ˵
磺ⲻص𣿡һ˵ʼûиоԣֱǸͭңͳˣˣԿ㲻о𣿡
Ǿǻͭˣץص㣺
ҼҰ˵Ҳϲֶͷڼˡ
˼ͭʲô𣿻˵ʲô޴
ҡͷ
ɶ֪ҽӣһҲǲǣ
磺
˵ЩᶼǴһƻӹȥ
תͷ˵
죬֪Լ˵ˣһѻȻйǾʹв֮ͬҲ˵Ҳ⡣
Σûз
ʵ˵ĺγأ
ֻϣǰܶ࣬Ǹˡ
ΣĵͷҪ˵ġ
ˡվһֻǰ߰ɡ
̧ͷĿ
ڵú˯һˡָһ´ԣ̫ԶҲϣ˯ʱʱĹ㰲ȫ
һ飬źۼİһۣһֳŵذվ֪ˣȥ˯ˡ


58

ڶһ, ˡ
бԭֻΪ˯Ĵﲻ̤ʵ
ҧһ촽, Сƶ, ¶Űȥ´̵
˯ͦõ, ܹƽ, ˫ַڸ, ƽȣĿͣϣͻȻ©һ, в, Ͻشϣн߬ű, ƽ
ﲻϰοԼǶǴ˧ҲܵԣʵƢɲˣҡѾ֣һˡ
Ǿ仰һһˮͷ, ͸綼ˣָֻ̬ȡ
ʱ, ˳һ£ˡ
ˣĿбӵȥϴˡ
иϰߣϲϴĶһҲֻ֪
ԭʱ, ûûһˢʱͽȥˣʱˢ͵ڵˡ
ʱ󾪣֪Լǻˡ
ǳϵģûһֱۣӴԱߵĹӣȻóһֻˢˢ

Ѳѵͷûأֱӿųȥˡ
ϴͿ˯ѵӣţƺеɰ
ϴˣָָ䣺ͣ΢¯һ¾ͿԳˡ
ͷ
˳ͺֱӱļҹȥ
һȥͺԵһֱֹĸо
ţ΢ҵĿ۾
Ķﶼļһ£ڿȻܶණûжһ㣬ܿ
ϵ鷭һǣ輸ϵʳƶһס
ⲢΪģֻʱķԭ
תͷһĵһҡ˵Ѿȥ
СͬʱڷԣڱʮСʱߡҲȥˡ
СԢ˿е΢ңĶͦõġ
ǵһοңЩ΢΢ľȡ
ΪܶŮҶǷۺɫġ
ֻǣɫһŶǴƬƬɫͿĺڻγĶԱȡ
մӿİɫϵͻȻһƬɫʱо۾Щܲˣٵתͷȥ
߰ɡ
ô̶̵ʱ䣬ûдӴ۵ɫлѾúöˡ
ſڵʱ˳ֵһԷվȣǰվ
תͷһ˵Ŀ硣
ҹš˵ʱӦ죬ǡһ
˻ֱͭȥ˹˾
·ϣ翴һרĿڹ˾ǰ·ڷͿˡ
Ϊʲô
˿ְˣǴϰ壬ҽĳô룿練ʡ
ɲֻһ¾ڹ˾汻ɰԵǡ
Ҳں˵Ŀһ⣬ٱȸոոˡ
ں̬ǿӲָŲԶתǣͣ¡
һۣ̾δ˵ʲôһٵָĵطһתɲһȣͣˡ
ûֱŰ³ˡ
ٵ뿪ƺºճϹϵʶô
һţ֮һٵķ˳ȥ
һƫԸ
ǣտԶֿʼˡ
·ϣһ˳ա
ͻȻڴ·棬Ǽٵġ
̲סһ䣺ôӵٲġٵת̣ķȥˡ
Һ绹û߶Զһٶȣֱӿǰͣ£ס·³󺰣
粻ôֻˣʶĿΧҺתǣҲû˻ע⵽ﰡЩá
ȥѡһҲϻֱһѡ⡣
߰
32ʼ
ˡϣŽȥһϳţһôôİ
ü֪˵뿪
óе㲻ģһҿǸҲְֻ취ܱ㡣
ȫı취ֻһ̲뿪ˡ
ŶӦлл
ദ첻˵ľллˡһЩ仰̫ˡ
죬Ǿлл˶˵ˡ
ͣ˵µͣһͣ£һ벻ֱӿ³ƵܵǸٶȡ
ں濴ţˣ磬վס
һ˲䣬ͣ˶˲ȥ
統ʱΡ
ֱӵֱﶥ¥һ·Ҳ˵Ӳֻ˲ڡ
ֱ˵˰칫Һ̬ȲһЩҲǹġ
Ȼûκα仯ֿ˻ˡҪ磬ȥոĹϵԱĺ
ǲǺ֣һĵήˣҧгݵһһ˵ı鶼ֺ޲˺ӡ
һ£Һһˣ
磺
һ仰һףͷԷ£ûа˭˵ģ
走رˣ˭˵ģҲ˵𣿡翴
Էû˵ֱֱĿ졣
ͻȻ뿪ǰһ
һ˲ܶ¶ˡֲǴʱǸ̬ȣԭˡ
ͻȻЦˣЦЦſǸҪ˺ȥЦŽͣ˵ˣΪʦֵɣ͹ĵˣҲٴ̼ǣҺˡ
粻ţǡ󡭡
Žͣϴѧ˰˽ȥǴȥҵġ
磺ʲô¡ƹȥˡ
ȥʣŲԾĸŹȥˡ
!Ӧ
İ칫ܾ칫ҵĶ棬ոĽи飬ŰŸȥ
¾ͿҲˣüëȥɣ
㱧Ͻȥְ϶Ļ˵绹ûжߴ٣㡣
ŶΪҪõϣͷı˽ȥ
հϷϣһͷͿӽ˲Ҫʲôˡ
ûȿڣȽˣ̫ˣȫ˵ӷ棺ˣˡ
磺й
Ͽʼһֱ°࣬ûзʲô£Ǹˣûٳ֡
Ψһ粻Ĵžÿ㱨ˣȥĿһۡһַﱻ͵ĺһ㣬ⲻ
°ˣֱӹ˵վҿûʲôˣҽͻؼˡ
Сͷͬʱصԣļһ𡣡
֪ĸԣ˾Ͳ׸ıˣŵǻʵ䷴ġ
һţֻоһ紩͸ͷü˲ɫ԰ף򡭡


59

˵ǹôں, Ѿ˵Ѿļˣһ˶޲ȥϲ
翪Ҫȥ, Ͽȥ
ֻ, 翪ŵ˲, һǿҵ紩˲©һ, ˲ϱֱܹȥ
ֻмԶ, ۿ絹
磿磿ĽӲס磬ֻ²ߣڿҪʱֱ˹ȥ, ſڵ, ͬһʱ䣬ıϡ
ô, ڽס˲䷭ס磬ǶԷѾûκηӦ
һ˲ĺ£ȥ̽ıϢڸܵȵϵʱʱһҲʼսԲԲ𡣡
ûһ, ֻо嶯ˣϽɿ, ȥ
̫ͻȻٶȿһֻо϶ŵۣĳ, 
𶯡ߴֻоһ˫ȵִҸѺȵĻ䴦ֱӱ
㣡һȣ˵ıܷӦıĲ
籧ȥɳźúϸļûˣȷûκԺǳ׵һᣬ̧ͷ磺ңۣ
ڿʱһ㶣û뵽ôķӦһ˲Щţ־ȥ۾ȴ̧ʱһʹС
̧֣۵˻ȥϵ
ôˣĽţֲ׶硣
û¡ҡҡͷܸղˤðɡ
ĵģȴֲ˵ʲô
ǸʱѾιȥˣԼˤûˤ֪˵Ҳֻǲİˡ
Ϣһٻȥ簲ٺãȥһˮһ㣬ҳȥһ¡
ͷһںű
ȵˮ˳ʳȥЩ̣ǺŶһ£ҲûôˡǸոˤˡ
оûôˣеıӣôһͻȻ͸оˡ
ȥĿ죬Ҳ졣սͿѾվˣĻţţƺѰʲô
΢һ룬֪ʲôˡ
ǣǸ˭Ķ˵Ҫڶ˵Ҫľ硣һ˺˭У
󲽷͹ȥˣֱӰ簴ɳ棺Ҷ
ѽˣǸͭˣ粻İѹֻڲʵ
֪ͭԺҪʱʱ򿴵óͦӵģڱŪҪô˼ҽ
Ͷʲôס
Ǻĸ׵ᣬЩ
ֻҪ£ʲô¶Ǵµ翴ĺܲˬ
һ԰ôҪĶҵϣʹ⣬Ȼû˵ʲôסҰҪĶŪˣҲżҲ𣿡
ΪǸ㺦㣬ϲ㣬֪ܲжΣգ͹ˣҪһȣдŷŭ
ҲĲ֪أ
˵ĺܶԣҲˣԴӽϿʼǸѾġ
׼ȷ˵ǶǶǸֻͭףһͨĻͭʲôô
˵
̧ͷȥǲǲµʲô
˼άܶʱԲµģɹһ꣬ܶǿķܾܿĻҷˡ
ȷֻ赭дĶĸֺǿӲİ簴ɳ棬Ϲ̵ëĸ첲档
˻类ͻȻһ̡̣
ֻ̧ͷһ۵ֵͷŵ㡣ôǿӲǰĦȴСˡ
úܶࡣһڡ
룬˵ദʽѾϰô׵ĶԴˣҲǸŰƵϰˡ
Ŷͷջظ첲
ոԼŶһ£˸첲͸⣬طõġ
һ˵߲ԶһˮֱӰë˽ȥһóšɡ
ʱ翴۾ֱˣ𣿡
ʳ仰İۣ졣˵Ͱѹ̵ë׼ȷһ첲档
˻㣬ֱ߬š
ԽԽˡ
磺
ٺ˵ͳĬſϸµİĦɼ⡣
ȷĵطոյʹѾٺܶࡣ
ˡ̧ͷëһվ
лл㣬Żȵһֻ첲ëʪȵĴУͻȻܸжһֱҪ־룬ҲûȻǻǰһҲһǰ
ж˵ᡣ
ƽһĻӦһ㣬
˵ֻ꣬һֱۣӶˮ뿪ˡ
磺
˶˵
ıһתǳüˡ
ǸǺģŪ˶֪ô
𺫶ϵֻˡ
һۣ泹׵ʲôʲôʲôˡ
ԥһ»ѡι
°𣿡Ǳʡ
ûء翴һſڣʱѾտŽڼӰࡣķŵһЩ
˵ʱʹһ
ע塣ǱҲҪʱԷ
ӦȻͻȻ뵽⼸첻ڣ˭չð
˿ش𣺡ʱ᲻ҽԺһֱҿֻγʱȽϳ
ǵĩϢʱȥɡ
Ǳ˼룬ȻǿĴӦ
ʱڰ칫棬ɳϵںһ˴绰һҪȥǸ˵ˣ˲ɫãȥ߻ͻȻڣ޴
翴һֱۣӱɫŵһͷСˣϰˣȥˡ
ʱӰʱ͵͵绰ġ粻ǱͻȻɫһ¡
ҴҵߺȥȻȥˡֻվ
ǣ֪⻹ĵôġ
磺涪ģҪһ˵Ͼ϶˵ģһ
ôֱʣվ߽磺ֱʲôľͺˡ
ʱͿĲˡ
ƽʱŲ˵ֻء
ֵĿһӽˮˣ
ӷˣô˵ˣ˵ֱס˵˵ˣ
˵˲˵ˡϽǳעʱһۡ
ǲǳԴҩˣôһ²Ϳʼˡ˵⻰ʼˡ
ջֵָζϹ⻬ĴУͻȻʧ١
ҲҲգ񶼲ԾҪҪߡ


60

ΪϮ, ȥԼĹԢЩǱԭ, ֻΪЩ, ͱϿᶯ, ֻļ, ֻ޵
һľͲ, һʢ˷Ĵ붼Щòס
ϣĳԷһ̶ֹֻϵ룬һֻſӼš
ޱŸмƵġ
ŭ᲻˵㣿
оǻ˵
ֱӱҭһ, 綼֪ô, ͷ׷С죺㵥
һ㶼⣺ٹþŮˡ
ƲƲ, һĲţǸ˿Ű򡣡
˷籧ŵԲϡ
ǸĹ粻֪·ǿԴֻ֣Ҫ֪֪ô, ȻͺðЩˡ
ЩüĿܱʲôûĺá
˵, ˷Ϳʼϡ
ǸϸĿʵҲûʲôر𣬾һͨĻֻͭ, Щһĥ翴壬ֻܰԼģǵõĶ
ֻǣ̫Ƭˣɳһ϶ûһûҵ
Щ٣ֳһҲ̫ˣٶҲвеʱ򰡣
ɱˮһۣʲԼҸ졣
һ仰ʹͨµԴǰһ˵öԡ
ʵȻ죬Ҫ˭⡣
ʺ⵱ȻˡʣһԲµ
Ǿֻд׽˷ˡ
ֻһã۾һתǾȥʺɡ
ٺһЦź١
ܡ鿪ڣһ٣Ҫ𣿡
ⲻ췴
ˮ󿴹ȥ˽²ռùʱ䡣
ʲô˼򵥵һ¾ˣ°ʱȥ԰ɣ
ˮûͬҲûԡ
ʱ֪ǴӦˡ
һЦȥϴ
绹£ϿŴԵķֱŲϢĸо·ֻˣһţֻоǸһ£˲ֱķȥ
ʱͿԿ˵Ĳˡ
ǰҲķܣĴζţΪǸʱǹʲôﶼסڲͬˣˡ
쵽ſʱͿʼ󺰣ţ㿪š
žǴĴŵ
㡣Ļߴߴ١
һûϣֱһȵ棬ŵѾסˣַﶼջˡ
һĲͷë
ûûСʶ˲䣬ʶԼַĵʱˢһȫˣ˵Ҳʼ͡
Ҳע⵽ˣͷŶð
ٵջ֣˳ſ϶˽ȥǸҺ£ҹס
סʱ𣿡תͷţŵˣ
ҿǸˡ˵ǸĴ¡
Ҳǲ֪˵Щʲôˣ̾ϢϿͨˡ
磺
ֲ֪
Ҳܡһƨڴϣҿź£Ҫڰͻȥ
ֶѡһ¾ѱӸҡ
ֵ磬Ȼڵϴ˸̡
ٺһЦĴϴķڡ
˵ƣ˵ĴϢžҹ
ڵϣӿŴϵˣҹ͸սĿΡ
ͻȻ̾ôϲϵأЩ֣ȴļʧЦϲ˾ϲˣЩҲûʲôˡ
ôһ
ڣӦ˺һ𣬵Եģһˣ£ǾԲӲġ
²⻹⣬Ѿ˺磬粻ô⣬ôѰҡ
¶ģֻǸͨҲҪƴȫȫ
ѴϰɡͻȻϵ
һ£ֻֿڣй˯š
һ̣ĶǸжƺҪˡ嶯ıסһֱôţɿ
áܾãҵԼƿϴ
ߵʱǸͻȻܰģڻˡ
ֿߴߴͣһֱ鷳֡
һڰ¹ⱻ⣬ҶһƬ
ƾԼԼϤ̶߻ȥ
˼ֻһ΢Ĺֻ˼룬֮ǿҵ⡣
˼ȡס۾˼Ӧ˹Űֱ۷¡ʱͿ۾ϾֻҡҡλΡ
ղŵĹ翪ֵͲ
һ˲˵ĸоΨһȷǣϲֵˣ
ɻȥǰİֻصķڰ档
Ѿ˯ˡվڴ߿磬ܾͻȻЦ˳֪ôģ
ſڴϣűӵһԵ΢ͻȻЩƲסԼĵӿǿҵҪΪС븹ĸоңһ˲䣬ŵ۾죬ء
ǿҵĸоתͷ۾βƽ
תͷ֪ʲôʱ绻˸ƣ˶ſŵģǳµġ
ͻȻоܺЦŵڴߣİ˯ˣϱӡ
³ϻûôȣֻ쳣򵥵ĶѾôѡܻƤ⻬ġµĴԳ
ڸǺãͷҲ˺
ڵϣŴϵ磺һˣֻҡ
Щ˯˵統Ȼǲ֪ġ
ڶһ磬簴ʱ
´ʱ򿴵˯ڴԣŽŰҲûҵһŵĵط
Ŵ˯㡣
翴˰û취һŲȥûа취̺ñӺȥβȥ
ǰֿһ˯øƵģ
ʱȽϾãʲôڣ𴲺Ƚϲһ·Ÿȥϴ
մĿվſڵ
Щȣ˴ûи󶯾˽ģôô⣿
û翪أֱ֣һ㡣
˵ɫʮֵĲá
תȥֻŶֽӹôûñ˽оˣ
˸ۣǸҽ㡣˵ֱӽȥ䣬ȻǷǳĹ
缱æס䣺һĳʲô簡
ҵļԸ⡣һľġ
ֻȷʵиδӵ绰ȻǶš
Ȩһ£ĶϢҲҪ˵Ļôһȴ˶š
飬鷳æտһʵ߲
翴һۣȷʵȥҺĴ㣺á򵥵Ĵһ֣ظ
һǱ߻ظлл
磺ϾǡŴʱָоԣѾˣȥϵǸоŤġǲɣʹӦһԵġ
һЩѵģ֪嶯ˣ֪ͲӦôӦġ
תһ룬ǴӦˣͲкͭ彻飬Ҳк¡
ô˵鱾йŹ֣ǾȲһº
վֻԴһֱٵתţɾɾֻһ䲻ÿ
ǵҪ㵱ˣô죿
ֻ˲䣬ͻȻ̧ͷԷһĿԣĿĿ硣


61

ϰ·絥ϵһºҽ, 鶨ʱ򣬴㿪ʼ, ʲô̫ļ, ÿ°ڵ顣
򵥵һʱ, ʱ򣬺ȥ, п, ĵ㵽úѾˡ
תͷȥ
ԷһĿһûи磺û, Ҫ㹤Чˡ
һϲ, ⻰ǴӦˡ
лл㡣Цš
ҲҪȥһѾ
ЩΪѣⲻǺܺðɣʵ֪ͺĹϵ, ٴһ˹ȥôҲ˵ȥ
ʲôϵûС
źʱתͷȥ磬ȻֻһۣԵĿ˼ˡ
Ǿǡǰ׳
һԷˣӲܱܲñ˿
磺֪˵ĻûмǺġ
һ仰ͷһת¥µ㣬㲻, Ҿȥ㡣
ͣһ£磺ϸַҡ
ˡоЩСˡ嶼Ǹ, ôܡ
һأʣܶû
ʵһ㶣絹֪ôȥĻˡ
ȷʵܶ綼ῼô࣬Ҳ̫Ŀԡ
ͱ纫ʶʱ, Ƕʱ侭ȥҽԺʱƵǲ̫ϤСĵ棬İæϤ
һֱľĵģǺǷĺá
ûǻˡ
ֻͲỳɡ
Ĭ˰ŵͷһСġ
ĹΪֱۻˣܶ鶼Ϊ
ϵĻ飬˵ЩӦ׼õģȻ󷢵ÿ˵ϣǲˣ¾䵽ϡ
Ŀ֮£ıһļһɵ硣
ȻϣүƵϰ棺ȡļ
ϰѾˣ˾ҲܵʳһһĿŹȥǰùֿŻȥ
磺
ٱ磬еļҪȥõĶԱֻǼ򵥵ķָͺˡ
һҲûʲôػۻʣϢˡ
ʱͻȻ˵վ
粻֪ҪʲôҲһ·ȥ˵ͣȻҽԺȥˡ
ʱź֪ˣǰȥ
ҽԺʱһЩʱ䣬ͣȥԺֱӾʣе㼼֪𣿡
ͷ
ʵʲҲ𼱣ⲻĴǸҽϣһأ
磺
ֻ򿪣ͨͨʱ䵽ûҿԿٹȥ㡣
翴ֻߣȻԲֻ棺ôعĸо
鷳֪ܶ鷳Ҫҹȥ֪𣿡
磺ô߶ԸǸĲˡ
£类ȵĵͷӦˡ
⣬뿪
³ǰһٶѽŵİҵģʶԾ͸Ͽɳֵ̫עⰲȫ
磬Ǳⲻ߶Ը񣬵ȴо˵Щ̤ʵܶࡣ
ͷϳ뿪
߳ͻȻ˻ûи߹㣬߶裿ɫˣҲƵܽȥҽԺ
ð죬ŵıӰͻȻЦˣһ㡣
һ˵뵽ʲôһþõЦ
һЦɣ
ѾܽȥͷȥĳѾҽԺſƿͷϵЦݲһ·ŸȥĲ
·ϣ绹Լܵÿ죬ҪȻǱѪͷˡ
Ĳ¥ϴιӡ
ƾż׼ȷҵյӵƳڿ˲䣬Ź㡣󺰡
Цһ£ŲӿȥӹΣɡ
Ȼûм磬ǴӺ̬ͿԿҲû˵ʲôֱӺһÿѺߡ
ȥԷɣź򲡷
ЩԡЦŻͷ죺ǵһһ԰ɡ
ðӦҿ֪㲻ܳʲôġ
һ£Ȼ죺ǲǸ˵ģ
ںᵽʱһ٣ͻȻˡһЦҡҡͷǣҺҽͨ绰ˡ
ǸִֵˣÿһһԷˡ
ЦΪá
ŲǡᶨԼ֪ľ񡣡
ףʣ
ûأЦţЩ˼ǡɵ˲ſڣȥţ⻰ͣһ¡
תͷȥʱѾԼתķ
Сĵ㡣ѣֱ߹ȥ֡
û¡һ㶼⣺ҸͿڵʱҲԼİɣء
˲ַźº¡
ҲǾò˵ĹϵĵԵĺ˷ܣһֱ˵ͣʱ˵ҽԺȤ£ʱ˵Сʱ飬Ҳ˵Ǹִֵҽ
ÿ˵Ǹҽʱ綼ע⵽һĨ죬˲˼
һľͿˣ翴һۣȥ㵹ˮɡ
ллЦţĿӰ
ͻȻƺǿʲôͻȻˣúܻţЩ˵
תͷʱ򣬾ͿһЩţôˣˮȥʱɫܲãֱǲ԰ס
ЩţˮҪȥҽ
ͱסˣ㡣̧ͷֹ
翴ĺֻʣµˣź֣£ȥҽ
ǵġ½ǣ㡭Ҹమ𣿡
ǵΪʲôͻȻתˣЩ㶣֪ôش
ǵȻమģϲ˭̫
ûмʱڻش𣬺ȻҿҸ𣿡
ϵıЩѣ̲סʣΪʲô
˺𣿡һΪѣ˵ͺãΪãģҡ
ʼϽ߬½ǲ֣ȫ󣬵˵˵ȥҲǼ仰
ȱ𼤶л˵𣿡ʱ磬ֻܾܶʱȶ
տʼûһ㣬һֱظ˵˼֮ʶ˵ʲô
𣿡̧ͷĿ磬ȫѯʡ
ġ
ӦԺ󣬲ǰ
ڴϣĺþãƽȫΣҸҲĵطǶΪң㲻Ҫ
ƽĵһ仰ǵǸû뵽ġ
Ϊʲô˺ܾãʳʡ


62

ͣóһֱڳ, ûʲôͰŪֻ
ʱ䷢̫ˣ˹滹е, ѾܾöûкúõϢˡ
ȥҽԺʱ, ¼˺þöû΢
һȥ, һ𶯣һĵ, ȴ𶯰ͣ, ĵ㿪һۣϢۡ@ĺܶ, һЩ·˿
ֻһ, ѡԣֱȥʲôŵ顣
˻΢оûʲô˼, ֿʼˣһʱ䣬Ҳˣֱֻα硣
ȵû˳, ҵȵûϢֿ̧һʱ, Ѿˡ˲вõԤСֱóֻĺ롣
Ǳ˺ܾãû˽ӡʱɫˣֱԿ׿ųȥ
һһߵĻʲô, һᱻ뿪ǾһᾭҽԺſڵ·Ȼﲻ£ҲòֿԷڵһλ
սȥҽԺĴţͿˡʲôˣֱȥס磺û°ɣ
ҡҡͷͷվܾãҾɡ
˵õֱֱֺߣȥЩʧǡ
￩һ£ͻȻЩΪʲôûиȥˡ
żıӰһۣվҲûʲô̫ʵʵáµһ̨׵ʱ׷ȥ
硣ܵ߿ڣ֪ܡ
㲻̧֪ͷ۾ͨ졣
һ̣ڿ۾һ̣ͻȻһ˫ץȫѪҺ̣۵Ϣ
㲻֪жܡظһ飬ƺԸٿ˵ʲôǰȥ
ֱ˳绹û˵˼ԹԵĿϰȫͷ
ı飬Ҳ޷ȷǷˡ
ڿ쵽ϵʱ̲סһֻס磬һֻ̧𡭡
˵һ֣ͻȻ粢ûпޣԭǴ㰲οģڡǸ˵ˡ
Щ˵һֻӣŴ֣ͲҰһ
һʲôо
ͬʱҲһû޾ͺãˣ룬治֪ôο粻ޡ
ѹձˣһҲͲôѹˡ
ˣ˿ųȥҳԵġ
ͷų۾泵¿ӹĽֵ羰ͻȻоܼ٣ٵ㹻
ЩˣΪˣȴˡ
ЩΪǺˣҲǱĿġ
ں˵ЩʱԺȫǺͺʶٵڵ龰һ֡һ֡ӹֱ̡
硣
볰ЦԼһʱͻȻڡתͷȥ
֪ЩԿܺѣ˾Ҫȥԡ˵۾һֱǰ·档
ŶͷתͷֶųŴ⣬ȴ룬ôһͲµˡҲˣΪʲôԼˡ
ܾãܰһʱңǸץҵˣһô죿

˵ʵҲ֪Цһ£ҲûɹĿԣֲšʶʱʼҵļ棬һֱһˣ˭æĲţǸˡ
أɲȺƵͬʱתͷ磬Ŀֱӡ
ڣҡͷҲ֪ô졣
ϾҪˣں졣ѵһֱȻ֪һЩ飬ǾҪԺ˵
֪Щ꣺ôһѡ˵ġ
ƹȥѾųǸͭҪɣ
ͷոպҽͭµӡˡ
ǿڹͷӡǣͨİ̺ۡ
ǿģǣں˵һ̣֪ǺǺͨˡ
üԴתǾۻˣ
һ˲ľȣҲǾȵı顣֪ǿֻû뵽ôǿ˼ά߼ʲôʱ֪ģ
ոաͷһۺתǸŻͭʱҾͻˡֻոı鳹֤ʵҵĲ²⡣
紹Ŀûǡ
ǺôܶͶԽ͵ͨġ
Ǹʱ绹ɻΪʲôǸǸճ⣬Ǿڲʧˣԭ򲻾ǺˣĻˡ
̫ˡתͷڣο硣
ܵĵͷӦֻҪҲѣϾΪһܺõˡ
ͭǾۻĶһû뵽ģڻǸ֣ȷʵͻͭк֮ܶ
ʵҲԼֻǸоЩ죬û롣
ʱ䣬绹ѡסļں֮ǰ
ΪǸҪһԲߡ
ͭǸ棬޴ȥѰֻܰȷˡ
ڶȽҪĿ¾ҪԼĺ
ϣ˼򵥵ĳһԲߡ
̯˵Ϳˡ˵ԼĹ۵㡣
Ըʲô˵ʲôģҲûʲô̫ĸı䡣˵ܶ඼ʵЩ鶼ܲˡ
ںһֱ˵пԵģǺĴĵߣڽܲ˺ˡ
˵ҲҪڱ֤ȫ¡ΣѵõûпǺƽ˵š
֪˺ҵġƶ˺ģֺαصȵʱأ
һأʣҪʲô飬ҪеĿԶҪǽȥ˼ǰԼΣ֮ˡ
˵ô죿ʣҴûһԽΪǰύˣǸҪץҵˣҲû뵽Ǹɱ˷Ҫô˵Ҹôô
ٻôʱ򣬸ոҲֻһЩܣҪעһ£ûʲô˼
֪Ҫͺ˵һҪԼȥȻܲģûа취ܸȥ
֣ĴΣա
ǲκλ˺ĿԳֵġ
ˣʵ˵˭Ǻ˽ǰһЩ뵽жӲģȥðա
Բ𡣡ͻȻйһ㵹ɳ棬Ŀڡ
ȷʵΪЩģǲûҪƢģոûпס
֪ܡĬ˼룬ſڡ
ȥ죬ϡ˵ţϵѺס֣Ѻ𽻵ϡ
⡭Щ;ȣⲻУѺʱġƻȥ
ûϵġͷС֣޹һ㣬Ĵ棬ԵôСôϸ㣬ҲߣҲġ
ͬͷϵѺ

ͻȻ˵˼ϽóֻڿıעͬʱҽԺġ


63

翴, ۾ȫѯʣΪʱѾ, ҲȷҽԺǱߵĵ绰Ҫʲô
ֻûͣ, Խļǿ, һֻֻ۾ɿ, 
ͷ˲תͷֻ
ᡣѵ
ڵʱ, ҲȷǺǺΪҽԺĵ绰롣
绮ͨιá
, ǺҽǱܿ
̧ͷȥ, ڣûµġ
á
ںĲҪͨһ¡ǱҽڣСʱǰļˡ˵ʱǱͣһ£Ҳ
ʵǺϲҽ˵ʱ, ͦθڵģǼĻᱻŵġ
ô̲סһ䡣
Ǻܺáҽ˵ϸ¼ʱѾ˺ܶ࣬ǽļʾͨ˵ʮٶȿʼ˥ϡ
ʲôһ˲վ, ̫Ծˡô˻˥ϵôأ
ͻȻǾ仰
˵֪Ҽֲ˶ˡ
жõʱ䣿ʳ
Ǳߵҽ˵ҲģɣϵϺҽ, ר
ϵϣ翴ȫǵġ
ǡҽ˵֮ǰѺίи㣬ѡ˵Ҳһ¡
á
Ӧ, ͨ
ͨ绰ܾãûֻǷ
ܾãͻȻֻ㿪ż
硣ͻȻ߬ס󣺡֪ͨ绰
֪ضĻ֪һʲôִֵ֣Ĳͨĺ롣
ֻǣֻһֱδͨС
Ҳûиı䣬ηеֻûͨ
컹Ҫȥ𣿡ʡ
ͷ
ָ֪ǺȻ֪ǲԣ˷ɣǺ޹ġҡ뵽ոҽ˵Ļ绹ǲġ
ܺͺʶʱ䲻㳤ĽӴǸоǸúӣҺڱ޷Թ۵ġ
֪ʲôҪ𣿡⡣
Ǻġ⣺ܺʲô޹ģ㲻ܰѺĹᵽһϣܲƽ
ңʲôйƽʣôûжٹƽ£
㣡ֱֱĿҡ
ϣڹϻ涼죬ʲôҲ͸Щ׸òòðæ
ǣҲʧȥ˱еġ
£ˣͲıˡ
Ҳǲûӣ˶վţ۾ȫǷŭе鶼װ׵İǰǲϣӱܡҿ⣬Ϊ̫ͻȻҲԾѾʲô֪ˣ㻹ŰôϲϺˣͲʲôˣ
ǡ糶һǣϲ˭㲻֪𣿡翴ⲻǶ𣿡
ûᱻᵽһ˲ľ
ȷʵ˺ܶ࣬ǸԽȥΪֻעûн֡
ҡ
֪뷨Ц˹;𣿡˵䣬ֱֻڰ棺ȻȥˣȥҽԺͲȥ˾ˣͬ͵ˣͬ͵ְҴǵɡ
硣ס֪ȥˣҲܻصˡ
޹ġ
Ҷˡͷѡĵߣְһ²ãʱһĶɡ
ˡ˵ſȥûҵĶ
ſ͹ŵͻȻǱ˳еŵ䵽ɳ档
濪ʼţҧأȴ̲סΪʲôԸѡһ㺦ҲҪң
ŵ˲䣬ͻȻͻȻ̲סδεĵվǡԵ޷֡
㣬֪һ˶𣿡ʳǾΪʲôʱ򣬺Ĭ˺ܾòſڡ
Ϊ˵飬߻ͭ飬ֻǣûҪ˵Ļ顣
ҡҡͷ֪
߰ꡣһ˵ڣЦǿϵľۻҶˣҿһôꡣ

˵Ļĸóڵʱֶǣǲĸ׺һʿѧġǡ
۾ͣһƺƽ飺ɽĵڶҸףȻסĸװеķޱĽ̸˸סһ꣬еһ飬һֿԳİ취
ʲô취翪ڣˣôãһǱйϵ
ϼһ취ڻͭϾۻ꣬ɻͭתʣתһˣͿԵõ˵취ʱ۾ȫ᣺ƽˣĸ볤أҸ׾ǿⱾ󣬷ѰǸ˵Ļͭ
ǣа飬صĶǶаĸֹ⵽׵ɱͬʱûĻҺ͸硣ǸʱΪ˳Ѿ߻ħĽ׶ΡɱǵͬʱȻۻ棬ĸƴҺ͸뿪ġ˵Ѿ翴Ҳۡ
֣İᡣ
ллӹݹֽ᣺ʮ꣬Һ͸һֱԹʽţֱһ꣬ҸˣһʿɱҺ͸Ҳöˡ
Ӻ棬ͺѾˣΪʲôڡڣ
˹ҪͶ̥һԪڣҺ͸类ץߵ˵ظ۾֪Ѿ˺ܾˣλҰ˵Ͷ̥һЦ£Ǳ͵ڤԶĺڰûһ˿ҲûκһѪ֮ǳ˵ڤѪ̫ˣҺ͸ܲˣ͵͵Ѱܵ·ߣһڤСս棬Һ͸͵˳ȥ
ѧǸۻ䣿ޱ飬ʵҲԲ³ˡֻ绹һ㲻ףΪʲôû£
ͷ͸õвһ׵Ի˵ģˣǴڤӳģиĿܣΨһİ취ǽ塣ǲܽ˵ģֱѰҸ˵˵塣ͷԼ壺ǸӤڽֱ߶ʱǻǵҿŲģӲŸҰԼ档Ϊ䣬һǰҵһһ˥òžۻš
Ǻ𣿡
ֻҪ峹׸֮ǰһͿˡͣͻȻס磺֪أҲ֪ҸǲԵģǣΪҡһжΪҡѾˣҲȥڤˣ̫Ĳٻȥˡ͵֪ȸһ˵ġ
áĬ˺ܾãӦ
ռѾˣ˵һλŻ䣬ô粻ٴţӦźº뿪ˡ
ǰһڲϵˣͻȻӿɴɵۡ

Ҳܲסûˣ͵˳ȥƿţһˣֻ̫ʹ˿˿硣
Ҳס˳۽ԭĻѡˡ

64

粻֪ôصļ, һ·ϺĻһֱԺзѭԽǲȥ, ֵԽƵ, ֻʣĵۡ
κ˿ѡ, ȻûмڤӣҲӺϿ־ıס
Ҳ, , ʲôǶԵأ
ڶһ磬·ϼ򵥵緹ȥҽԺ
ĲʱǸҽ鷿
վſڵͷ⣺á
ҽͷʲô쳣԰Ǹ塣
á΢Цлл
Ŀҽ뿪Žȥ
ʱĺ, Ѱȥ, ڿʱһ˲ľȡ
ѺõЦһ£Һ𣿡
Ϊͣһ˵ͻȻСΪĻͲˡ
ôأںԱߣչ㵽
һᵽ, Ե˱仯ҲЩġ
ô𣿡ʡȻôãϲزס飬ոյı˵һ¡
ûʲô΢΢ǣ첻ϰ
ݼˡЦˮҰƻɣ
ðлл
˵Ҫƻʱ, ڡ
̧ͷ˵ҵҽ
Ŷͷ˵ר˵º, ҪڽͺЦˡ
궼ĴˣÿҲʲôá˵Լֿʼҡͷǲˡ
˵ʲôƤӦͰ档ͷһӣƻ棺һõġ
Ȼ׺Ѿ, ǿҲֻһʮСŴһС˵ô۵Ļ涼ųۡ
ӹƻصĵͷЦ翪ġ
һȺ緹չ˯źŸҹȥҽ
ռ䣬ҵҽİ칫ңţҽ𣿡
ڡ̧ͷվǹʺĻ𣿡
ǡͷ
ɡԺſڣǺܺãҲ˥ϵԭԡ
Ļû˵ףҲѾˡ
Ϊ֪ԭ򣬾ͲäĿäĿҩ
ǡŴûбư취𣿡
ҡͷ⼸ڸһȫ͸ļ飬ܼԭƷҲֻܱˡ
ơ
ȥʱŲ˺ĵ绰Ǻһûнͨļ
ͻȻЩ£ºĲͻȻأ֪Щʲô⼸궼һֱΪúţȴһ涼ûмɣ
ȥʱѾˣһСżŪţĵĴк١
ôôˣʡ
˯ˡһֻŲżһֻ֧æѺͷúſһЩ
ܳɣĲż͵ǰ
ᰡͷźĲż޲ܺõ֡ǲġ
ҸġͷĲżüȫЦ⣺ʱͻȻżܶСӶУûǮһЩ鲼һҡ
ܿɰţָкֲܴڣҲܼȷİԺ۰
ǰɡһЦҸĶġ
ƴССż˵˺ܶǹȥ飬ʲô£ֻеС飬ںĿ˵ÿһ棬ܰ
ʲô֮飬˿ΪźǸ֮ڹˡ
Сûʲôֵܽãĸÿ춼æʱȥںϲʲôҪʲô飬Ҳǲ̫ܵĸĸ顣
ͺ֮飬ĸж硣
ҽôźһͿʼεģڴϣѾƮԶˡ
ҪٵȵȰɡ翴һʱ䣬ϰ໹һЩʱ䡣
ŶͷʶİŪСżҲ֪ûŮѡ
ҪҪҰʣ
á˫һ죬ͷ۾ĶСżҲŲ֪أ
ɵϡ
翴ź۾Ѿ˺죬Ͼǲϳϡʵγ⺫˼ء
ֻҪȥʣ͵ûУʹԺˣҲ̫ġ
ԿóԺ˼ֻǡΪǿϧ
ûȶãˣŲһйںǰ˺ܶ࣬Ȼ²̧ͷ΢΢һЦģת
ģ۾Ź⣬ȫϣ
ǡͷ˺һĵȥ
Ŀ뿪תͷЦſź˵û°ɣԺʲôôۣҽѧô
绹û˵ֻ꣬ոջһЦݵĺ˲䵹£ϵЦݶûüջȥֱͦͦĵڴϣòĴһ죬ʱ˲ףŲҽҽ
ٷӦİź壬ʲôãֱӱȥ
ֻǣǸŮٴҲıɡ
ʱĺʲô鶼ûˣıϡһʱ䣬ķɿ죬ǺıϣԸܵ΢ΪѾ
űߵſڣͿƵ˹ת̫ͣ£˲䣬ͻȻİסſΪԻǰȴ߬ſûһ˿Ķҡ
۾һ̽Ķ֣Ϊ̫ˣеĶһ˲ɣջֵʱԵĿ֣˲Ѫ˿
һͣ£ֱɫ񶼴źݾ
绹ûӦʱֱһֻקһֻס˲Ʒ
û뵽ô˼ٻͷѾźȥͬʱѾлʿ
һ¡
·Ļʿڣǽ߿ȥֱ߼״Ǻſڣ˿ȴҿȥ
ӴڵĲſҲͼ׵ľ룬һ̣ǼȴǼһÿһİκӣҧǷֵĿ־屳źſȥǸʱ֧ȥֻһǾǡҪš
ϱ̫Ҳϣţ¶һ죬ȵһҲá
ӿ͹鲢ֵͬ飬ǸˣǸĴˣûô͹ۣǸԵˣʲôʲôȥôȻ
ǵ֮ĸж磬˺˺˺ܶ˵飬Ҳϣ󣬺ںߡ
ôˣ
翿ſڣʿҽϵĽȥ棬ȴҿһۡڣһʿסѯôˣ


65

סʿ, ʳڵĸղҽ, Ҳû, Ϊ, ͬʱӺ³Ľ
ҽҽȫȡ
ֻһ䲻׵ĻЩǺǻ, ӵġ
, ڿ쵽賿ʱ֣Ӳһƣڿ绹ſڵȴʱϵıܾȣ㻹ڣ
Ҳġʵʵ˵, ֿڣôˣ
ʱûˡ˵⻰ͬʱ, ̾۾
㡭
Բ𡣡
籾뿪ڰοһ, û뵽Էȿ˵˾Բ
ʱˡϵĿֻһֻ֣ͻ״ʱڲҪᶯʱΪʱ̫š
ûϵЦһ£˵ǸңҲЩֻſҽˡ
֪ҲǺġ
ڿԽȥ𣿡ָŲ
Ҫתȥ֢໤ˡ̾, ˵ţֵĺʿ˳
ҡ
ˡҪȥĽŲ, ȿڣǱţô㻹ȻȥϢɡ
Ĭһ£ͷͬˡ
ȻӴʱ䲻࣬ҲԿĳʲôƢԡ
ȻԼ˵, Ҳһ㣬ô˵һרҵҽôҲʲôǿ
ʱ·ϳԵĺ٣·ϣη紵ͷѾ켰ĳ΢΢΢·£һӰֻʣǳġЩҵĳˡ
ܾã翴ŵϵӰӺܾã֣һͷĳ˵ӡ
𣿡һֻסأ
·¾վ˺ܾòһͣ¡
翴һۣǳ⳵ʶ߾衣
Էȵͣ³³΢΢һЦͬѧ򲻵𣿡
һۿȥԷһºͣϢüëأ۾棬µǶԲġ
Էƺĵ̷ͻȻЦˣҽа͸ʦ
ü滹ǲš
绹ǲţ͸ҡҡͷڸʻλóһ֤
翿һЩһЩģǹŴѧģ̇ͷҶûӡ󡣡
Ҷӡ󡣡͸Цţѡҵѡ޿ΣֻһΡ
磺
͸ôһ˵ͻȻЩӡѡ޿ֻһһֱ̿Σ̧ͷȥ͸ƺҲЩϤ
ɣǺˡһ򿪡
ԥһ£ȥˡ
˵һµַ͸ſʡ
Сش
ʦԢ͸ͷҲ˳·
ͷںҲûпڡ
ƴĻŹڰ͸ļ䣬ǲû̫ࡣȻ͸˵ĺ棬绹ǲܷġ
һ·ϣǸʵַĽ֮⣬Ҳûڡ
С뿪ڣͿŰɰ͸Цһ£׽ڡ
ˡ΢ЦŶͷȥ
磺û뵽ǡ
ĹԢǽСĵһսһתͿˣͣ¾ͺˡ
á͸ɴӦһִֻỵ̂ȵͣá
ллʦòĵл³
͸΢ЦӦųȥ
翴ųβĳƣ滹ǾȣȻʦ
Ҳ̫ˣڲ𣿸οѾ賿ˡ
Ĵæʲôû򣬽ǡ翴ſտյı䣬ͬյĶӣЩԼ
û취Ѿ賿ˣҲطԷΣֻ˼ˮ򵥵ϴһȥ˯
ڴϣͻȻû˯ߣ۾űڵյǽϵĵΣΧǵĹ㱼ǻصѺ档
ִĺܿ죬һ˲䣬翪ʼֲʵѺĵĸоһů

͵۾һ֮䷭ץͷֻ
ͻȻЩܲԼǰˡǰܸоǰѺܰһʱͻȻܲˣָоԤ档
Ļιá
ϵҽˣϵ𣿡
һǲǣ
ٳ˥ߡǱߺ
һۣҧ´ϵ
ĵ绰綶ֲͨ˺ĺ룬ֻǡû˽ӡ
ʱֲĿʼòסֻβĺ붼㰴ˡ綶֣ﲻϵ󣺡ӵ绰ӵ绰ӵ绰
ι磿
Ǳ߳һϲгֵʱ֪˭ˡһʹҡˡ
ôˣǱ翪ڵ˲䷢Ĳԡ
˵
Ϲȥ
еҡҡ
ҹȥ˵˵ŹҶ˵绰
ոտʱϲģеѹʧ
ڽ֪ͨ粦ˣǸʱѾˡ
ʱ޿̲ںڣǸʱ뿪ûʱһʱҲûԭվߡ
ֱͨĵ绰׵ĵȼǸĻߣʱһӵʱ䶼뵢飬ϼ磬ʲô˵ֻҪͺá
ֻűȥҽԺ
绹ֻ
û뵽ȥҲû뵽˵ôɴĻ
ƺʼգڣȻһֱ֮ԱǣȴÿһζȫԸİ
ǲǿΪϲ
ֻǣҲֻһ£ֿٵķ񶨣Լ飬ʳһЦ¡½Ҫġ
˼ʮͻȻץһҪһ顪
ڲôʱ򣬺Σ֮С
ȶٴβͨ˺ĺ룬ͬʱҲٵ´·
ɣǱ˺ܾû˽״̬
ȻܲģҲˣ֮ǰѺʱίиˣҲǼ໤ˣǲǿ
˵绰ٷزֻٳˡ
ڳ⳵ϣͷϵֻܾãС
ٲ䣬ȴԽԽˡ
ΪԭǿԼȥȥԶ
ڲͬˣͺǲܵģˣȻͿƲסԼˣԾĿʼĶ
ĻƢļӣĲһĻɫڿʱ綼Ķġ
һ仰ΪǸ㣬Żʱ޿̲ע㣬Żָָ㣬ŻĹѪͷҲһʱ֣㡣
ϣĹϵ仰һ
С㵽ˡ
̧ͷȥ⣬Ǹδֵ˾վҽԺſڣƺǿˣŲ߹


66

Ŀ͸ڳǸ˵, ӵʱ䣬޷תơ
һ, ɫͼ, һţп㡣
С, ʮ顣
ŶŶá˾ʦߣ˲͵ץܸ߳, æͷ, óǮǮȻٶ³뿪
һųѾǰ, ˵ľҲһס
Ŀĺ, ֻ࣬һЩųˡ
Ȼ˯, Ǽ˭ҶɾرԼǰҪչξӣӱÿ춼Ρ
ڡֱûйκӡ
㡭
ȥɡһȦ, ɫԲ̫õ磬ͻȻ, Լһչ˺᲻Ͳôˣ
ͷͷߵߣš
Ϊ, ټȻģǸͻȻðΣ֪˵ʲôҲҲ⡣
ܾã˿ڣԷ𣿡
Ҹȥ緹ɡ
û뵽˾Ȼһͬˡһ£ӦĽͷӣ˼ЦҶˡ
ȥ򡣡ЦţһĿġ
˵žתͷȥͣǱߣ£ҽԺҲ͡
ҽԺԡһڴӦҪɴࡣ
Щˡһ鶨
߰ɡ
Ŷ
ȥҽԺʱ򻹲ߵʮ֣緹ʱ䣬籾ȥ緹κͬ⣬綼ʲôȻٵĹȥҽԺʳá
վҽԺſڣð޾ۣ뿪ıӰЦ
Ϻת˲֪ĸֻȥ
ȥ칫ҵʱڣֻһҽڡ
ʡ
ϵҽ𣿡
ǸҽʹŽ
תͷȫǺˮ
㡭ָϡ
ûʱ˵ôˣң㵽ûϵϺ˫ץļ
ûСҡҡͷ
ԭץ֣˲£ż򣬿ϣûмǩ֣ôȣ
ҡĿᶨĿ뿪ǰѺʱˣǾʹʱļ໤˵Ȩҿԡ
С绹û˵꣬ոչԣֻʱտ˵˺Ϳ˼࣬ûǸȨȥ໤˵ľ
ǡô죿練ʣϵϺôΣգô죿Ҹô죿ҪĿȥ𣿡
ԣԲԡҧҾԲ鷢
ڵʶ£ʵ˵Ըڡ
ͬʱȥ
һȻĽ˵˻ԻʶҼǩ֣ʶΪʲôԼ
·ϣֻǻڡ
Ļ·һϣԷֱ˵ллƵҽԺһ档
ȥһ°ͣҪȥʺˡ
лл㡣翴ĸл
ǿ¡
ֻԹˡĿڲϵ˻㣬Ͳˡ
˵ʲô練ʣĻ̫Сû
ûʲôҡͷָǰɣһ׷ˡ
һ·ȥԽǸžԽоϤ
ⲻǣתͷȥ
ͷ֤ʵĲ룺ʦֵĲ
һֲõԤС
ֱߣоô¡
Ϊˡ
˾վڼӻ档
𶯡
Ҫţֹȷĺû
ȻˣҾͿԵˡתͷ˵Ȼסţƿ
ֻǣʱȻʧˡ
ͬʱ˽һ㶡
ܲ˵ģˡ
һͬԺͬ£ͻȻǰʧˡ
˵ľҲС
Ȼ涼رģû뵽ôˡ
𾪵ġ
ô˲ʧ
Ҹо鷢
۾棺һ֪ͨע⡣
⡭ô£ΣǴлعתͷ۾һľ֣ѯǰˡ
û̫ľʣǲ֪ʲô
˵ܸӡ졣
Ǻ硣
ǲͬ
άĻվû˵۾żӻˡ
һ˵꣬Ϳٵתͷȥ棬ڹǰһˣˣǻȥɡ
ҡ
Ҫԣͱסллҽȥһߵš˸£;͵˹ȥ
ЩԲ¡ƻȥ
Ҳû԰ɣƾܣǿӲ棺Ե㣬ܻתͨҪչˡ
羪ȵĿô֪
ֻҵĲ²⡣ͬʱҲóͿʼԣȻǺãҲɣ
ǡҡͷ
һ˵ҲµûΣʧЩӶҰ취˵ۻ꣬Ϊ˾ã
ô֪ʱ治Ǿȣˡ
粢û˵̫࣬ܶҲû˵ǣ³ˣǰ˵ǲ²⣬²ȴǰٷ֮ٵ׼ȷʡ
һЦķӦоͿԿ˵ǷȷˡµġͻȻ磬Ὺڣ˵֡
͵һϵͲȥ
ٵգ˼۾źۼԱƶһ㣬ԶһЩ
ǰûʲô̫ĸоǽԺÿľͿʼֹסոոǣĶϣЩ統ʱĶķǴ𶯶Ĥɸոǲˡ
ƶӱϵͷڰӣŬʳתע
磬֪Ϊʲôܲµ𣿡粻˵ʡ
ΪʲôһĲ²ܶǴӺĿ֪һӶ벻²һ롣
Ҿ͸㡣繴ָһء
˵ɡոԶ룬Ĵ˹ȥ
ֻˣȸøˡһЦߣΪҡ
磺
£һֱˣ˵ĸо
˸ճ緹ϵı鲻ǺܺãҲôġ粻֪ôݣϲҲо֡
ô
תȥͨˣͿתȥڣȴ
ôԳȥӻǺ¡
ֻǡ̧ͷ˵⵽ô£
Բ𡣡죺Ǹ޷㣬͵ϵûп
ôûͻȻ䣬˵Ǿ仰ʱȻ
Ҳû뵽͵һ㶣һ뱻
ü²£ҪʵĶҲӦǺ
ǡ


67

һ, ҸôʣǲǹǺأãǲ˵Ҳǡ
ǡ߹ȥվǰ棺ˡ
𣿡۾ǲѾҪ, ֻҵĲ˶ѡûٴĿʳʲô, ת뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰ, Ҳܡ
Ϊʲôࣿʳ
תͷһ֪
۾һת, ֻһеԵ, ͷͺ˵ʲôʲôչ˺
翴ȥ, ʵԵڸ, Ѿµһˡ
̾˿캫Ļת
, ҽԺ棬þò
ܾãһ̾Ϣߵˡתͷ
Ҳǿˡ
ǰͷ
˵, ǣ˭뷨أ
, ҪסõǸһֱΪ˵
ĺҲһͨ˵˼һƽ˶Ϊ˼㣷ɵ, οǡ
򵥵ĽǳĳĬ
ԴӺ󣬺ȷʵȶ˺ܶ࣬˼תȥͨġ
ҽԺ棬ݵء
ûȥϰˡ翪ڡ
֪ͷվϾҪԪˣ鷢һҪ绰ҡ
ͷվټ
ټתͷҲص뿪
ͻȻС
תͷ硣
ǲǡͻȻһֳ嶯ǲϲɻ˵°ˣΪ½޷ԲҪĴ𰸣лл㡣
磬Ǻú̸̸ɡɫࣺ뷨
áӦ
ˣŻȥĲ档
սȥãˣһãĿΧĻȻתͷȥ磬·ʲôҸˣ
죬ͷӦ
ŶֻǵĻӦûһı䶯
֪ΪʲôôҸ⻻壬Ҳ𣿡ܾãŵ۾컨ڡ
㲻˵Ǹʱ岻𣿡
һ㣬ǴӵӳģǸӤҲǸģҵأôСܲˡǿӲ棬ԶٳˣҲͻҷˡ˵ſЦԣҸ粻ϧ´ҲҪסҵ
Ǻγ֪ɱǴأ
棬ľѾšˡ
һϣԾȻغֺȻǴʲô
̫ࡣס֡Ϊ֫ӴһźΪ̫šĵԵʣûȥ£һֻžڣţסʱŸоǹ⡣
Ľűݳ˱䣬ʱΪݵҲԣȷʵͦġ
ˣַǷ˿麮һ¼ʮȲֹ֪ŵǺ֣һΪð
֡ͷĳ˫š
һֱһȥؽ˱棺ˣôл˵أ
˵СǻشĻǸ
ʵ
㣬еˣ˯ˡĻͷ£ת硣
㡭úϢɡ̾˿վȥ
죬ˣҪŵʱ򣬺
ʮաش
ллԵģԷڱشģȥЩƣҸл˵
áӦ
ʱſڵ绹Щ⣬Ծתͷȥ棬ŵͣ˯ˡ
ֻĵͷֻ·˵꣬۾Ʈ𴦣Ųͣ뿪ˡ
翴ıӰôоԼ˵һֻ·
ʵصվĽǶ룬ȷʵ˽ܣһͬԺܾõҽͬ£һһֱĲˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ǶˣΪĹ
ֵģ˭ѽܡ
磬ʼ֪ʱҲųġ
ţȴѾһţԽǵԪھԽңԪھ첻ңϺı飬Ҫ¡
ֻǣ߲
Ͻ߬ţʶ˲࣬ܰæҲֻ࣬ˡ
ôһ룬һϲóֻ
Ǳ˺ܾҲûн
ЩļŴһû˽ӡ
治ɵĿʼżæտԲõģΪŵùҲһչ˺úһ㣬֪ܶԲؽô࣬һˣǻԷһѵǷԵ
ף
һ˯˺ܾãЩ˯ˣһ˵Ŀռ䣬Լһ
ʱ䣬ȥ
Ĵţ볳
ֻǣЩǣȻάȥʱǸЩɣǲһֱû
ôţĿڣ
һûзӦһ
ûзӦЩģҲˣֱӹȥһߡ
ôˣժ¶ĵ硣
裿ʳʱҲһû¾ͺá
˵ŵݹȥһ磺糪ġ
翴һۺõģһرϰ綼ȷǶǰˡҲʱı䱸
ûӣĶЩ˼űһ£Ǹģ᲻û
ջЦţĺܺáֽӹ뺫ƽ룬ڶ档
ĸһԼ¼ģôźصǳĺůġ
˯˯ɣװı
һ׸質˺ܾã粻֪Ǻ˺ܾãǺѭ˺ܾãֻǣĴӶ洫ůġ
۾׸質΢΢ֵѶϺűƵðڲԵС档
վԱÿԿĶǺܶ࣬ȫǾֻСż档
˵ǺǺĶǺÿ
תǸһЦûңǸ㵣ˡ
û¾ͺáźɵһЦˣʲôȥ򡣡
࣬ͺá
ãңȥ򡣡
ǰ粻ĵֻͷȥſڴͷϰŪСż
ȥĿ죬Ҳ졣ʱȴվںſڣ촽üͷŴ󿪡
濩һ¡


68

Щòס, ٵĹȥǱߣһ۲档
ʱѾ, ȴûкӰأ
ҧ´ȡ
Ϊʲô⣿һͻȻʵҲ, ֿٵĻһ⣺
, ָһ
ѾܲôˣֱӰ, ȥָķ
ллֱҲû, ź棬һĵл
ԼģȻҪ̣, Ҳҵ¡תͷ, һĲǽϡ
Ҽǵ˵ϲȰ࣬Һѹȥʳ, ƭԵ𣿡ĴźƳȫ
һ۶ﶼԡ
, ͷ֪ˡһַֻų⼸ллˡ
Ҳ֪ˣͻȻתͷҽԺһֱҸ𣬵ˡҧ˵, ۾ݺݵĵźȫѪ˿ŵˮ
֪ܶˡͷһ˲, ҿ۾װ׵ĸʲô顣
ǣڵĺû취ˡ֪ԼѾˡ
촽һ촽Ĩɱôꣿ۾ƽ飺κ㲻ֻҪһ޹ؽҪллһ죬ˣҡпܡǿһġ
ˡ̧ͷûκǲͬԶǲһġ
˶ӣõļ֣һ˲ͻȻһԤ׵ĵڵϣȫڵϣЩ˵Ьϡ
ͷŵϣܾͻȻ˶
һַţ󲽿ȥ
һ̣ͻȻһգһ꣬ڵ꣬㾡ȫ꣬Ҳġ
վ࣬ȴһ۲ҿٰҸæ𣿡
˵
賿ûҰǸСż磬档
á۾ؿڴӦ
תͷѾûкӰһ̣ٷҲԵò԰ǰʧˡ
һֱΪСŮҽԺڣûгȥҽԺ·Ρȴǰתۼʧˡ
ЦؿǽЩʲô
ͬһʱ䣬簴ָķܹȥұǱߵҶûһ粻ģȵĶˣûУʱŻȻƭ
ţϵͷܡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪ˵ѣĵһֱǸоºͺйϵ
ջصǸ¥㣬Ϳ⣬ֻ˸ƣǽ۾һġ
߽ſڵ˵İ̧࣬ͷȥı飬Ѿ³š
ǲ֪ˣ۾ȴûп磬ǿǰһ°ǽ
ǡĻش
۾ֱϣʮʱתͷҲص뿪ֻĽŲЩ鸡
ȥˣ׷ȥĵǺʲôԺ˵ȥһסȴڿϵıһ仰ʲˡ
ҡҡͷû˵֣ǽ뿪ˡ
ЩҽԺûȥĵطҽԺҽڣĵĻһ㡣˳ȥ˭֪ȥѰ졣
ףȥһȥҺˣû֪
ôţֻͻȻ
һϲϽó𣺡򡭡
ôæӴɽſδ硣Ǳߣһ߳Ŷһ߻ش
ԭæտһ£ںҽԺˣҲûʲôˣûʲô£ȻŹ꣬ǾͻȥϢɡ
аɣ˯һȥˡǱ˵꣬ûߣһȻ
Բۣ󺰣ײˣ
һǱ߳飬ҲŽôû°ɣ
֪أȥ˵꣬³ˡ
ǰڵϣš
գգۣǸšʱ˾ҲˣһܣҲûѪӦûʲô飺̧ϳҽԺɡ
á˾Ӧ
ת߻ȥ˸ʻŽȥȥҽԺ
ոռʱ˵绰һϳĵ绰ʹˣôˣû°ɣ
û£ײˣڰȥҽԺ˵ͨӾһۺ˵棬ͷסò
ȥĸҽԺҹȥ㡣
ȥĸֻ˾
ҽԺȽϽ
ǾȥȻ绰硣
û뵽ڸĻڵҽԺ˵˼ú˾ͿٵżǱȥ
ã˸յҲӳˡҽƽȥǸײ˱˾Ӻ
ڿ½ǵһɲǣΪԼۻˣ˾˷ƽϵʱ糹׿ˣǺ
˲ùֱܹȥơ
ЩҽʶڿʱҲЩ⣬⣬ϵĶһ㶼ֱ˽ȥ
żıˣûƹͷֱת䱼˵ȥˡ
Щ㶣֪ô£ۿһ·ƽܽȥˡ
գգۣҲ˽ȥ
С㡣˾ںе
תͷȥҰ֣Ұߵ´˾ͻȥˡ
򵥵Ľֱ˽ȥȥʱѾܳȥԶ˭ǵǧ֮һ۾ͿԿľС۾ץ˵ļܲǰġ
۾һɨͿ½ǣʱǸȥ
ͣʱѾ˽ȥҵҲˡ
Ůû°ɣͣ£˿ʡ
û˵ֻǿŹϵĳ̾
վĲ棬۾һ˲˲Ŀϵı飬̲סʣǲǡʶ
ͷתͷǺã
ԲۣСӰһѽײˣԹϰɣ
磺Ŀ˰ſڣˡ
ǿɲһˣһ㲻ӣϾôݵģǰľ¾Σ
ʵǵӾ磡
ƫţߣһӴ֣صһ⣬ҵȴˡ
жˣһǰȥҽһû¡
˵תͷֽȥˡ
ҽе
Ѿûʿ׼ȥӻˣİɣҲ뿪ġȻûתͷĴĶ档
лл㡣˵
棬⣬ܵĵˣô굽ͷȻֽ
ֻһҽġ˵꣬ժȥȵһͷ
ͬһʱ䣬˳
ǰֻںڻ˯ţΧҲо
룬ҲãICUٿԱ֤


69

û, ţ˻ࣿ
Ĭ, ŵֻս
, γ, ϣҪɱ, ܱס
ΪһӦڵ, ô˸ڵǰˣǰס
ס, ڿ, ŵ绰һͷ̹׳ϡ
㻹Ҫʣһִֻ򿪳, ˽ȥ
ֻǡҧ´˵ȥ
ܶ飬ܶ໰ǰò԰ûκε˵˵Ǹǵˣʶ, 鶼ĿǷΧԤ֮, ôһͻ⣬ҲӦ磬ϣ翴ֲǡŵ, ΪһӴžˣ˳ᢵӹһӡ
磬ʼնһռϷˣȫƾһģ鶼ǷΧ˼
磬֪ͬ麫ͬʱҲǺǡα棬˵ʼĳ
ҡͷǽϣɡð죬̾
ܳãǶʱûбİ취Ҳ벻ʲôȫİ취ȿ԰ɹΣգҷҲֹˡ
ûа취һҪסİ취ûС
áˬӦȻһתʲôҴȥ
ˣܾ
ֻ밲һһϾͺãҲ뿴ֻҪͻԾЩ顣
Ȼ㣬Ǿˡ˵ֱ꣬ӹ˵绰
滹ֻĸ壬ֻ洫æܾãĵͷ
ʱţ翴ʱЩ⣺ôڣ
Ҳġʵʵ˵СҵøͰ
ʧЦͣҺͺûǸزأ
ԺҲǵģ
ҡͷԺġ˵ֲʣһ仰ֱӻһ⣺ѵ÷żٻȥ尢̣
ȥ˵ţһԵ棺ŹңҾôˡǶôڿ컹;ˣҸ˸Ѻ͵ȥ
𣿡߹ȥߣ㸸ĸأͷŵذ壺ûºҰֿʼûûҹĹҲæԼĹ˰ѺܸңԺ󣬻ûܹ̫࣡
ǲһתͷСʶҿó尢̺ܹ㣬һЩҾһԺҪӼأ
ӣ翿α棺Ѿ˹ˣСͻؼҸĹ
ˣһĲš
ͷʱһͼ˵
尢˵С屾Ͳͬ湤ٺ˵ǲǡ
ֻϲġ絭ڡ
ĻȻû˵ס
︸Ⱳ̳ģ뱲Ӷ˵Ļµʥּм˸ΥģأܵĶǧ˳ƫƫԼŮ˵ʲôźõҪȥʲôı༭ÿ۵Ҫʻûж١
ҲУһļ򣺡ϳ͹㣡ĲС
ҲףҪǿĺܣԴӱҵ˺ͲͼҪǮǰǮִŹˣڹٶ࣬һԣˡ²ˡ
΢΢Цһ£İɡ
Ȱȥ˼ӻǱߡ
˵ݾ
ͷҽ
ͬҲֻǵĻӦ
翴һۣķӦǺļӻ˲ˡֻǣûٿڣ˵ˡ
ȥɣ24Сʱļأû¡˵飬ͣҵġ
һͻȥˡЦ˵ҽˡ
ҽӦġվڵݿڵһݻûֱӿ첽뿪ȥ¥ݵķ
翴ıӰͻȻۡ
Դ֪ԺдڶԺĸ鶼һҽģǡֻΪһҽΪʲôҪߺ
Ǻ֧ĳϡ
վICU⣬ĺֵӣڴϣȣһģķˡ
δôԺ᲻ΪݸıҲԺ飬ڣֻҪľͺá
ڲһ뿪
һҽԺĴţû߳Զ
תͷɵϳƣʱ۾۵ĵƹյ۾ʶֵס
ԷųߣȻ򿪳鿪ڣԶž㣬㰡
ڵ֣·ƿȥ
Ȼİ׽ڡЦһʺã׽ڡ
͸ͷһŴ򿪣ɣ˳·
Ǹİˣһε˳·Ҳðɻ󣬵ǰ׽ڲһȻֻϹһοΣԴ
Ҳѧѧһ°͸ò˵Ǹǳõʦ
Ȼˣ˳·Ҳûоܾԥϳšһ۳ڻŹİͳһЩʳƷʦ°ࣿ
͸ͷⲻĩЩæ
͸ôһ˵ҲˣʱѧһſҲˡ
·һûһ죬ʱȥҲ죬ûһ͵¥¡
͸ͣ³΢Цţ
ʦټЦŵͷ³һ˲ͻȻüΪڹ߰ûпոյƹһΣͻȻоԡ
ֻǣǵƹҲֻһΣ͸ĳߡ
վüͷ뿪ĳ
ûˣҲĲ٣ھԪҲûжʱˣȲˣҲҲһʱܶ鶼ѹͻȻоƣ
֪Ϊʲôԭƽ̶µʱ䣬ı췭ظڻͷ룬Щš
춼ûϢãһֱЩۻˣԡһ˯š
Ժʱܸоң̫ˣůůʪϣɫ졣

͵һӰ˯ԡˮѾʼ£һˮϣҲһЩ
ʱѾ磬վùԡ۴ϣȥԡҡ
ŹϲãյĵذͻȻһ͸壬ڵذӰӰ´¿Уֻվ˼룬ͻȻûԡˮͻȻȫûˣûдڹһ㡣
翿ԡ洵ͷŻûôʱԡˮųȥһȥʲôûС
ʱվЩ㶣ǵøոųȥˮˣ
ֻվ˼룬ӵ˯Ѿ˼⣬Ժתȥҡ
ϣǱһѵġ
ֵ˲䣬ǿҵԭĿռͻȻô󶯾˯еֱһ鷭˾ʲôûС
һʶֻһһֻ֧Ŵ帩ùιáڣ˵ЩǱŵԭ
ɱˣ
һֻڴϣһ˻˵ʲôֻǡѾˡ


70

Ԫҵһ, ȥһû£ȥ͡Ļû˵, Ҳ뵽, Լ˵, ҷ
Ͷ̥ʸûС
ڡڲǱˣԼ
, ȴѡ
ĳײ, ҲżȻˡ
ι
Ǳߺһл˼
·ڶߣǡʲôʱ򣿡
㡣, ûһ¶ȡ
㣿Ǹʱջ, ǲǺõģͻȻһۡ
һףʱ, ڣҹĲ鷿ҲˡɱѡǸʱòղãû˻, ҹҽ٣ǹ, Ҳ
ݺݵһۡ
ɣжҪ㡣ܾãǱߵڡ
á뿪ʲôҲʲôʱѶģǣֻʣһֿ˵ˡ
˵绰, þõģ治ϵķڣ糶Ц˳ѡ񡣡
ȥʱʬѾȥ̫ƽˣϲ鷿ʱֵģѾȲˡ
ôģվICUܾãʳڡ
Һϵ˲桭Ŵ˵ʱ̡
翴ȥ۾淺ź죬۰ȫѪ˿
̵֪࣬ĸܡ
ͺȻʶʱ̣֪Ǻܺõˣ˺κζĻûġ
ֻǣ˲뿿Ŷȡ˵š
취ҲǡΨһĸֲģµ뿪ͱ뿿Ǹ취ȥ
ҽ㡭
ġͻȻİóһСż
綨һǺСżݹ˲䣬ֽӹȥ
˵㿴档СżһбĲҪΣˡ
û˵ʲôѾתͷҲص뿪
棬ǺİĲż߬ţͻȻڣȥǴɱġ
ͻȻŲһ٣վûתԸûгֹ
ֱӰҲŰתСż档
һԵӡǣ·ġ
ڰóָ׵ļ
棬ֽд֡
ǸдԼֵֽ㿴ʱһѾ뿪ˣԲַʽǸֻǣ벻İ취ˡ
ҴϾһҵѾ̫ġ
֪Ϊ˰飬ҲҪֹҵ̫ˣû㿴ֽˣҰһתҸ磬ֹ
Һ˵ԲҹôŬ
ңԸҴûгй
Ѿôһһֿģÿһ֣ѹһ֣ŮǻôãҲǸСŮĵûΪʱĳ̶ĥ𣬾뿪ҲһֱΪ롣
ϵһֽûдںΨһϣģӦþֹˣҲֻһ顣
֣߬¶ġ
ԪˣһҪ֮ǰҵѺŽ
ֻڡ綼֪
ͻȻ䣬Ǳһ㣬о͸ϲԾʲô
ʱ˵ӳ˿Ҳµʱ䡣ȴһ̬ɹһꡣ
ʱ̫ˣ綼ѾˣȥЩϢ
͸ϣ
ûпĻǺҪ԰͸ֵĴ㡣
ôһЩˣֱպֽСżųȥҽԺ
ҽԺʱȽ磬ôʱȥ߷壬翴ҽԺǰӵĳûһǿճԽӵż
ʱ享ֲô죬ϾԪˣǺĹؼʱڣôܷŹЩ᣿
ֻһʱ䣬Ѿûʱȥ¹ˡ
߷һʱ䣬ѾȲڶൢһӣ͸ͶһΣա
üǰ泤һĳסӣҧҧǰֱеȥ
֪˶ãоǰʱûôƴȫڲ֪ת˼ֽǺ˳ͣȥ⳵
ֲãԱ߾ͣһǳ⳵
ջ֣Ҫطʱ򣬳ڵĲ£¶һϤס
翴һۣɻ󣺡ô
⻰ʰɣüͷһӣϹȥҽԺûؾͿ蹷Ƶܡ
ֱӷ˸ۡ
ⶼʲôݴʰǴϰأ֪࣬ʶ洢Ҳ
ϳ䣬ֱӴһ೵ţ硣
ûתͷȥΧԹϰ߷ڣҲߴ򳵣ʵҲͦ˷ʱġ
ʱ䣬ĳȥʡЩʱ䡣
ôһ룬һ㲻ԥֱһֳֻ˽ȥȥֱ֮ӱ˵ַ󡣡
ĿȥǸ
ȱˣҸʱ䡣ûʱ̫ϸĽͣߴ㿪
û˵Ҳûʣֱһͣӷɿȥ·ϣȥˡ
ǰֻѡ͸ĿΣǾʲôġ
ңҲϵϰ͸
ΪУĳûнУڵȨֻУſ³
Ȼһ·û˵Ҳûʹκ⣬ǲǿϵĽ
ҵͣλѳͣãԱߵ˾Ȳ˶
üͷһĲˣʲôôż˵
ǴʱȫĶŰ͸һҪѧУУûĻ
ͣȣ򿪰ȫȥУſڳ˹ȥ
磡ڳڴ󺰡
ǶԷûһ㣬УſڵĽŲԽԽ죬ҲԽԶˡ
žһĴڷ棬ʱ
ҧҧ˦Ĳʹ죬ٵĴ򿪰ȫ³׷ȥˡ
ֻԽ׷Խ
ǰ粻ʲô鶼Ⱥ˵ǲ²ⶼȸǽѾô飬ȴһֶû͸¶ԽԽˬеĲˬй׷Ĳ档
ʱͿŮ֮ˡ
ȻܵģκĲӴ󣬸չȥһת䲻׷ˡ
ҿ磬ˡ
ӿٶȣܹȥס磡һѳסͬʱվ
ſҡ֣תҪߣֻǸȥһͱԷһ̣קˡ
תͷ˵ʲôȹ˽˵𣿡
У۾ֱֱĶ磬ᶨҪʲôңʲô£ҵ⳵˾ˣ˾øǮأ
ҸǮ˵ŴӰóһһֱϣҿ˰ɣ⳵˾ûſ˲ߵġֱ֣ӱĽѧ¥ȥ
㣡ҧݺݵĵ磺Ǯ˵ţҲȥ
͸İ칫Һⶰ¥
粢Ķ϶ֻǿǰļԼļǵá
쵽ſڵʱٶͬʱͻȻоһ羭ȻͶһˡ
תͷ˭ʱ򣺡ʲô
㡣ָ֣ʳָ֮һŰԪ󳮡첲һǰһ£Ǯҵø㣬ʱǰǶһҸǮ
ˣ缸ҧ˵ġ
ʱÿһÿһ붼Ǳģ˾Ȼﵲʱ䡭
ǲУָһգǮѾսڴ棺Ҫš
走ôǰûоǱʣ
㰮ž͸ţҵ¾С˵ʱһ̧ͷͿһϤף֣ʦ
첽ܹȥṴǣ͵仰أŲҲȥ
簡
֣ʦһʮĽڡ
ܹȥվ΢΢Цʺúſ⣺֪͸ĸ칫𣿡
׽ڰҺһ칫ҵġôûϽ˵Ż˼һ¡
û۾ֲõԤС


71

ǰϽڵͷ⼸ĩȽ϶Ϣ˰ɡ
֪׽ڼҾĵַ𣿡ʡ
ȻͰ͸סһС, ǾĵַĲ֪Ҳֻ֣ܰڵϣ֪
֪, סҼҶš֣Ц, ַ
Ͻ, л֣ںҴҵУȥ
ʲôû˵ֱȥס硣
ڵУſʱ, ȥ·ʱ, һ䡣
վԭأżľ룬
㲻ң, ̫, ȴĿʼҡ
Ļһ룬Ѿ̧һֻŹȥ

ûȥ, ԶʹһϤ˷ܵ㲻Դ붼֪˭
ʱջزҸʱ䡣˵꣬תͷ뿪
硣һ첲ͱקס
תͷ, һϲ֣ץĸ첲ҵ𣿡
ǡɴش, ̧ͷ·ѾûӰˡ
һ˦֣˫ֿܹȥ·ߡ
ǳͨСǽŵķ
·ļ̫̣̫ʹ, û£»磬Ŀ־岻һһϦġ
ôˣ֣ʡ
ΧѾûӰɵ̾תͷȥ֣㲻Ͽôˣ
ĩ԰Ѿˡ֣Цţֲķĸ첲ϡ
ֻǸշϣͱ˦Ѿ˵úˣǴӦչ㣬ʼվֻ㵱СãԶܡָ̧뿪ķ򣺡ոǸӦÿˣû£׵ĸ㣬ǸϲˣԺҲҪȢˡЩûõ뷨ϽˣȻҾͰȥ⡣
֣ҧ촽ŭûȨֹϲ˭ҲûȨߡһǮȫҸģ
ǣһЦϲ˭ҲܣǱϲҡ
Ȼתͷ뿪
ôô壡֣ں󺰡
ˡתͷ֣ľ಻Զ˾ģһҵǷݷֳҲߣ㡣
ɫƽ˵һλʱ۽ʲôһֻ涼ףЩ˵ʹԺ޿ܡ
ңĻҪϵ˼
֣ۿȻ󿪳ͣλתʧڴϢĳ档
ڣ֣Ҳֲס顱һڵϣҲֻ߶ѣֻһСС㶼Ը𣿡
˳⳵ֱӱϵַ
תͷȥ⣬֣֪˵ЩʲôҲ˵ʲôûйϵ˰ɡ
룬ҲֻΪϰˡ
סһһ顢鶼ŴҲö֮ģϰˡ
ȻԺҲϰ˰æȫǳϰ߰ɣ
ӹ֣Ӱڣ˵·Եľïʢġܵġ
תͷѹǣֻ˼ζûгɹεķˡ
ϰһµ顣
ǰĲţڡʵһõ֤ɲŵ֤Ǵ˿뷴ǳϰˡԺиֵȫǸոһĻ
ԼûУα۾
ˡ
ǰ˾ʦۣѾСſڡ
ȥǮ³
վСſڣ㱼ƺϰ͸ͣڲԶĳд
ֻѣȴѾĵʱ򲢲˳·飬һ˵ģ룬㵱ʱ˳·Ҳ԰͸ԸҲɣ
ôһ룬ӼᶨҪҵľˣԲôõˣ顣
֣ڸĵַȥ˰͸ļҡ
¥òԶһת͵ˣܿҵǶ¥ոĵַҵ塣
Ժ󣬾һֱţһûκηӦ
оãⶰ¥סȥ
޼ƿʩʱǡס򿪵ʱһϲǱ滹ǿװ򶨣ڰóԿס
ſԿײ˵ߣ΢΢һͷ˹ȥȻȻȻĽȥ
ọ̈̄鵭Ȼƽʱһ
ȵһ죬Ԫ˿
ͣĺһôоһ
Ǵ˿ҲǾôʱֱӱŵݶȥ
ڲϵԾ࣬治ϵϣ͸ڼңϣոյֻû񶾵ð˰͸ϣ
ĵ˰͸ļſڣ絹²ȥȥˡ
ſת˰š
˼룬ûκ粻аֱӰ档
ڵͬǰʱǹܶѴ֮ˣֻ˵Щ˶Ƚ飬ܶϸСҲ硣
ſϣ֫عϣԶԶȥһڻ
ʲô
񣬺ͻȻ͡򲻹
Īһתͷȥ
һŮˣͷܳͷж೤ֻǰ棬Ѿ˴ȸ
Цһ£̧ͷͣǸҲҰ׽ڣѧ
ŮһüëĿһ߹ʲô
Ů˵Ƹոôƣ约µƽһЩŸҴ󵨵ȥƹŮ˵ͷƣԵرףȥ٣۾һ𣬿ٵתͷʲôû׽ڿܲڼҡ
ŶŮ˵ͷתͷ뿪ŵݶȥ
ٶȺֲ˵Ǵĵ׷ɢģЩ
翴ǸŮ뿪ıӰͻȻһЩ²⡭
û翪ڣǸŮ˾תˣ磬Ŀڣܼ鷳ϵһ¡
˵ַߵߣȥһƬһСɫ湴ճһè
ͷӹ棺β
βͷԺʲôû˵ֱ뿪
滹ſƬ˵Ƭʵ񣬿ƬСĻƼǵƹ棬һɫĿֽɫСèͰβķɫ
Ҳֻ֡
β
è1529171xxxx
翴ϵĿƬתͷȥյţɻ
˳ֵĺͻȻһƣһʱȫΧĻ
ʼͻȻֵ˵˰͸ھӣڿƺʶֲ̫Ϥ
ҪǡβûԿôģ
ֻ΢Ĳ²һ£ƷĲ²⣬ҲԼһ˳Žأ
¿ƬŽ档
β͸֣²⣬Ӧݹϵ
²¥
͸ڼ棬ͻȻ䲻֪ȥˡ
Ųͣ˼ϷתתǵʱͻȻǰһ


72

翴϶ѳɽĶ, ûκα飬ӻʻ, ǰ·㲻ʶ֪ȥĵġ
α, ҲϵĶ
ٳһЩ
ð, Աߵ˲ſڡ
˵ϵĶҲ, ȥ
Ѿ, ϾûԶҲԣƾǵʲô
תͷŭӣûʱϹġ
ҿź𣿡ʣ㵽ʲô
ⲻ¡תͷȥ, Ǻʱ, 翴ǰͣŵĳںȥĿԡ
һ΢С, Ȼ˵ˣ㲻ǲȥġ
ոգճСſڣڽֽһת䣬ĳֱͣǰ, û˵ֱӰ档
¡粻˵̫࣬´ͷβҲ, ʲô¡ǣ
Ԫڣڱ˵һͨһ죬Ƕ˵Ժ˵, Ҫһ졣
ںѾˣȴ֪¸Ĵ֮ǰֹҲܶ黹صأɸ
ں۾ֱֱĶ磬βſڣǲ²⡣˵꣬ķӦ
һദһ꣬ʱ˵˵Ҳ̣Ҳ㹻׵˽ˡ
ÿһÿһ̬Ʊ˵ȫ˽⣬ٺܶʱ򲻻´
ڣ۾ٵգ¾֪¶ˡ
һӻˣ㵽ûˣǺôķĵͬûȥ¶Ժ˲ãֱ˷ѣǰֻоɵڲɵֱûӡ
ûӲ£˵ţһֱӰеʳƷϡԺ󻹸оȭͷ¡
ԼҲо˵ĻЩˣôһԵۿźƽһתֱתԱߵеԱͣ¡
ڿķ֮ҲˣţҪ³
ҧӳ
Ҳ˵ţֱȻų
Ҳţ˸Ե̬ȶǿӲ
һ䣬ֱһȭȥ˵һû£ɰۻˡ۵ģ۾ֱֱĿѾ˵֡
㵽׿ʣֱȻڲ档
ۣҲģһ׼ˣʮͷţˡ
˵䣬ΪֹˣֱӰѲ
˲䳵ķ紵翴ʧĳݺݵҧݣȻֱ˫һձſ˵ĳ˳ȥ
磡󺰣ֱȥһץס֣һλ棺֪֪жΣգ
ȥˡ
˫ĿͨĿ磬۾ݺݵֱֱĿ죬ȫǱһ㣬صˤα档
Ȼһġ΢С춯˵߰ɡ
һ飬ȴûбֳ
ۣʤߴǸոգǿҵĶ£Ҳɻ䡭
ֻΣȫϡ
߰ûжһȴֻǱ֮ոոĺС롣
ɿڼʻλα棬۾ս棬Ź⣬翴ı飬ֱ뿴
Ĵ򿪳³תͷȥûжĬ뻹ǿڣΪ˾ˡ
һϳűе·뿪
ֺ۾Ǵ޵Ц⣬۾ֱֱĶıӰ
ղһʱ䣬ѾһˣԽԽżԪҲûжˡ
żû˼ԷֳߣԶĽֱߣģһ
ԽżԽû˼˽⺫Ӳ֪ȥ
Ŀĵ˺ܾãҲİʱѾһûгԶˣһõǰȪԱߵ棬źɫշɵ
İ죬α淸ѡ
ʱұ߻ͺʶڵ顣
ǰֻǸо˺ܺãûй뷨
ôϸһ룬ܶ鶼ǳԼĿУҽ⣬ҽԺʱġ
ʱΪֻɺϣǴʱϸ룬ôôɺϣôôÿγ鶼ȥǼҽԺһҽԺôҽΪʲôÿζ
ϸ룬ֻ˵ǼҽԺҽȴû˵һҵҽ
ĺܶ飬Լ˵ġ
Щ⣬ʲô˽⡣
ʱôΥԸ֪Ѿҹ翴ʱ䣬Ѿʮһӡ
ԪڻһСʱ
ĿĵڽϣȥΧʱֻоϤ
վԭ˼ĹԢر
΢һ˼ͻȻһ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
رϲҼҶǸ԰ǧתǴܶ˶ע⣬䷢ġḧСż˵ŵʱ˳ùԱߵСһƬһƬȻ棬Щ˻ƣóЩˣ˵С½ˣ֪Ǹ԰ûбǨ
˵ʱָĸƬ΢΢ĲͷȥƬ溫һȹӣһͷڷƴЦ۾״óܿġ
ƬЩԶǸǧиĻ
ǰȥԽӽԽľӳһ԰󣬲ľïʢΧȫ˶ģų£Ӧ»ġ
ƾӡȥѰƬеĵص㣬˶Ǳߣһתǣǧǰ
粻̫Ƭжõʱ䣬ǰǧȴһ㶼û
תͷȥ԰治ԶһС½¥Ⱥ¥иעĿĹԢ
Ĳ²ⲻϱ֤ʵԽļ룬ǵһǸ¥ˡݾʹ˺ĳţ㲻ڽҲڲԶ
ȫأ
ȼȫ˰ĵģ
ô˵ͿԽΪʲôǸ˿Ժ谭ĽȥǶ¥
شһ㣬Ƕ¥˹ȥ
յСſھͱ
Ҳֻһ£һ緢죬Ҳͷȥˡ
ǰʱԢ죬ˣһϲг嶯Ҫȥлл
˳Ľȥֱӱŵݹȥ
ڵȵݵʱļģʱѾʮһˣԪڵʱ仹ʣСʱ¥̫ߣŲҲ㣬οѾҹٺãҲôߵĵط
ֻŰ͸ͺڶ¥ҡпصĵز
Ԣݣһһͣ28㣬ϵİһ
ŵ缸ڿŵһ˲˽ȥһת¶¥İ
磡
ŵ˲䣬ƺ˽֣뿴˭Ҳˡ̧ͷ˲ϣһʼ
ܹȥҲûиϵϣڹźһŵǰ
Ų¥Ŀٵһݵİϡ
ĹԢô˹һǹģһ춼Ϊ˺æµǾ˵ȥҲΪ顣
ĹԢ⣬Ǹۻ¥ĵص㡣
Ǹݵ˾Ǻ
΢һ˼֪Ҫȥĵط

ԱŴ򿪵ڽȥǰֿһһݣǸݵͣ£Ѿˡ
߬˫ȭ治ϵϣһ㣬ʮӶԡôһ˲ңŮˡ
һŮǺȵġٺãһҲûôˡ
Ų֣治ϵظһ仰
һŴ򿪣ٵ˳ȥ
̨ǰһ¥ݣѾһûԷˣڵǿĽ֧š
ҧǽ¥ܹȥ

73

ӰǶ, ֻ
еڸոǰ¥ݵʱùˡ
˿̵ֻ֧վ̨ſݵϢ
ȥԼ, ű˵̱Լĸߡ
Ϊһô, ڷ, ֻǸ߹Լ
µڼʮߵ̨, ΢΢һ˿ι, ҹѵõˬ͸ˡ
ľ뵽̨ߣҲʮ׵ľ벻, , ˡ
ڣʮжʮӡ
ͻȻѹ, زסɱˡ
ͬʱҲȲ˺ĵİ͸ֹ˺
һϣ̨ϲϴ΢, ıʧ߽⡣
Ǻһһһ, ܱô
վֱ壬۾ת¥
飡
ͻȻ䷢һתͷʧͻȻЩʡ
̨ϵǡ͸
ȻЩԶ, ǿȷ
Ϊ͸ؼʱ·
ʱˤڵϣһƺûκε֪
һϲٵܹȥ
ֻܵһ룬Ϳ͸ľżһֱ㶵ˣվ̨ϡ
һ󺰣׽ڣ
ǣûκηӦ
粻ȷ̨ܿտزסˣΨһȷľں̨ϡ
͸ڵ״̬һǸˡ
İô˵ֻҪͿֹˡ
⣬ҧ촽ܹȥ
͸ֻվ棬ûжֻз紵ҡţҲŵš
͸Ҳֻҡ˼£ûȥƺڵȴʲô
²͸˼ֻڰ͸ûȥǾ͸Ѱ͸ʱ䡣
֮䣬Ѿǰһ֣һ͸ֱ˳ӵ
һϲҲֻһ롣
ͻȻһ͸浹˹ȥ类ͻȻĴһʱʧȥģ̨İǽڶȥȴڿ쵽ײǽϵǰһͣ¡
ͬһʱ䣬뿪ȻҰͬȥ
˵Ǻ
ֻŰ͸ֱ۲ּ֣ѵתͷȥ
첻Ǹ˳롣
Цж˺⣬֮ͽŻеɫƣɫĺѾܶࡣ
źѾܶû˯һ
е
Ҳжźݾ·˿˵һ֣ͻİȥ
ûٿڣ۾ֱֱĿź
䣬ͻȻ˱仯ʱо͸½壬ҧק
Ŀɶںϡ
ţôġ
͸׹һ㣬Ѿ˺Ҳʼһ˰һŮôôȥ
ٸһ롣ڣ䣬ò̫Զֻоȫĺë䡣
ͣ£͸ǧʯһ㣬ֱӴͷ浹ȥ
һ䣬Ҳ¡
Ѿˣ
˲䣬󺰡
ʱ½ûˣ͸˺ŵڿУҲֻֻż⻹մ̨档
˵ʲô
һ֮䣬绹ûпʱ򣬺ѾǰŲţô᣿
ҹֹģ翪ڣźᡣ
ܡ˲ˣҽԺҽͻʿôܡ
ɱˡźǲŵı飬Ŀڡ
麫Ҫ֪ġ
֪ˣֹĵķٶҲֻͺ˵Բˣš
׷ʣϻǲŵӡ
תͷ汳һС
ڿ˲䣬һ̧Ǹ˲䱻˺ѿһӣֻСż˳
䵽յʱͻȻͣ£Ȼɵ˺
翴ֻСż˲䣬ɫˣ޵ı˳ϣСżֶǶġ
Сżĺ档ѡ
£Сżת˹
һССĿڣСżı棬Լ¶һɫ
ȥóǸСڿƬ
۵ĺģ߽Ƕ롣
Сżڻ˫ĴСƬ
ʱ޷ǺûҲġ
ֻж̶̵仰ȴѾ˺е
˼ʮʱ䣬͵˶㣬ȴ֪ΪʲôǸŹˣô򲻿
ԽļԽȥǸžԽ
ʱѾʧȥ˼ֻ뱩ĴǸš
绹ŵһ棬ģ¡
ֻǣԽǵԽǷ꣬ĶǸſ˼£ֻǻûãǸžǱһ㣬ûȴһ̵ķһ㣬ǿơ
ǵûд򿪵ļʱһţѾӽ
߬˫ȭ۾ݺݵĿţȫײȥ
ʱʼȶ翴档
еСżڵϣ˫ֿʼĲţϺĿƬϵĲžһζš
ֻһ˲䣬͵˳ȥһ׵ľͣ¡
һس˫⣬ȫڲš
ͻأһΣ͵ع˵ϣû㣬Щʲô壿ſǻ󺰡
еȴ˲о͸ڼٵ½
練Ӧֱӱ˹ȥ
ʱѾҪþҪŰ͸ֹܣѱˡ
ٶȾ˵ıʼδˡ
ֻĿڰ͸ĸ첲棬͸ڵ䣬ȻҲǣţǿжȥ
磡
ȫһײΪͽͣȴıײˡ
ֻǡȥ˲䣬ȷǾ˵һĻ
ʱѾſٵı̨ı߽ǶȥϾҪȥˡ
󺰣ѪҺ̣þȫķȥ
ֻʮľ룬ȥѾּѣÿȥһĿ¿ٵ׹һЩ
ֻʣһ׵ľʱѾʧڰǽ档
ؿһʹһֱӴܵǽߡ
˫ִϵ˲䣬ͻȻһ
һֻֽץǸˮ߽ǡ
򡭡
ûеȥһϲٵȥ֡
ֻǣոѾþȫڸûôոյȥ˲ҲƾűܰסǸ߽ǡ
һ˲»
Сġһٵס֡
ԭ㰡ͻȻЦҳʱǸ㰡ΪŵԵʣСЩ壬ǿЦüͷ˵
ʱ˶ûֻĲֲŵԲڵȥ
㣬ΪʲôÿζɹˣҪһδεİңһδεľңĺ
Ϊϲ㣡ҲĻӦΪϲ㣬Ǹ鷳ÿߴߴͣǳ״Ҿϲ㣬㲻ģί첻˵ҿҾۣҡҰգҡ
һΣ˵ϲ
ǱӦһĵ㹻񻶼켸ҹ飬ȴôʱ˵ĵص㡭˵˳
ѾѾᣬȴŬ̧ͷҪʱı顣
ģֻʣһģӰ
˫ֶ˫棬̨İǽ̫Ѿ̽ˡ
һſңȥҲġ
ҪҲ֡ҧ³⼸֡
֡˵ţϿʼѡ
Ҷ
ֻпʼתš
ŵʱãѾ˺գʪôһҶϸ߬סĿ뿪С
磡


74

磡ĺԳƵ˺ѷ, ıĺȥߡ
ֻάץʱǸѾˡ
Ŀȥ
ҵʹȫϮ, ȫ㼯֮, ֧Ųס, ˲䵹£, ڵϡ
ŵϵ, ûκˡ
˲䣬ԭʧ
һ˳¥£¥Ͽٵ׹, һ̧, 罵ͻȻƮ, ͬһëһ㣬Ʈ˺ĻС
Ľ磬ڵϣڵϡ
ʱԶͻȻһ, ֻܴۣһ˲, ʧ
һ٣
ѾΪ͸֧˯ȥߣϸĿ
ڵ, ͷѾˮʪмڶͷ档
֣İͷÿ˵ǳȫܸҸǾͳȫҸҼȲܸҸҲûгȫҸ
˶٣̧֣һ죺һУ͵ûɡ
һ۵վһ̧ͷûпģǿֵһˡ
붼֪˭һ̧֣е½ٶȼھһ׵ľʱͻȻֱ֣ˤڵϣʱһƺߡ
ص˲䷭𣬿ߡ
û¡һԿڣκ
ʱһĶϣԱ˵Ļȥ
ֱӱٵĳķܹȥ
֪ҲˡԶת֪ʲôʱһһڡ
ڿ˲享ͻȻЦû뵽һͷڰ޳λץһȥͷһеĿƬս
ڰ޳һۣ֣źһջʱ˱ˤڵϣͬʱڰ޳Ҳʧˡ
˵Ķȥ
΢紵ɫĿƬУֻ֡
磬ˡ
Ϊ˺Щ޹ˡ
ôңѾˡ

ɫǽڣɫıӣɫĴеĶǰɫģǡ
΢΢ĿһСӣ΢紵һǡ
վ߹ȥѴϡ
ô
ûתͷ϶һ٣ϲתͷ
ֻǡڴϣ۾ɫס
ոǵϲʧ߻ȥĲԣһ˰ɣŻ˯ôá
ڣں˵ǶԼ˵
ȫʹر˫ֵҪһ㣬һۣŵʹУǻһ
üͷһ£˲ֱס˷ܣˣ
粻ͣĶüͷ΢΢ĲŶ䣬Ҫߵ˵ʲô
֮۾
ӳһŴŵĺϲ
ͣ˼ܣҽԺҪȫۣرֵ
̧ϵģָӡ
⡭ɻĿ
㲻ǵˣЩţˣǡ
磡û˵꣬ͻȻһ󺰣Ȼűƿ
С
ڲϵ磬û˵ֱ˵ϡ
ֻƺһ
˲üͷ㡭
ллȻȥɡתͷ˵һַֻıϣŰοš
ָ
չҡضĻ
ٹ˵վȥڹŵʱ򣬲ĵ濴һۡ
˭İغϣſϣ̧ͷ
һѡ˵ͻȻǷСֲһ䣺ʶģ̽
һ˵̽һֱһ䣺˵ͲעҵŶð㶼ҽԺˡ
һ󴮻ĳʱһͷ
涼ʼǲǱˡ
˵̾
Ӱһ֡
ҲˣΪʲôļ档
ײ㱼˺žǱȥҽԺһֱǸȥҽԺˡ⣬ڿǸ˭ˮ谡ոտƬ
ˮ˵ĺԴʲôûˣֻʣһ뷨
ţ˼ңȻȥˣֳȥˡ
粻֪ô£оۣҲ䣬ڵϡ
磿Уһֻֻǰ
ع
ʲôأʡ
Ժˡͷ
ǳɣȥҽܸܲԺ˵վ뿪ˡ
Դ˴Ժжˣʲô¶˵
ȥĿ죬Ҳ죺ҽ˵ԳԺˣѾ˳Ժˡ
лл
ˣôĹϵˣ˵ʲôлһ硣ϣ۵絹
Цеۣ
ЦˣΪĻŻˣŵĴ顣
أЦЦÿ֣ϴĹ㻹ǵ𣿡
ξǹ˵ģ£Ұϵһҳ磬bУճá
áһڴӦǱߵϵʽңһϵ
˵úֱӳԺȥĹԢ
ȽæȥԺֱӱһ绰ߡ
ҺȽϤԼҲûʲô¡
ԢǱߣʱȥҵ
ǵã뿪һ컹Ŀ
æİٺ뿪ˣֻʣԼͻȻİܲϰߡ
˳ң򿪵ӻ
ûʲô뿴ģⲻռô
ֻڴ򿪵˲䣬ϵĶͣˡ
ӻ沥ȥȽϻĳӾ磬ÿεľ鶼΢ѡ
ǰ粻мֵӾ磬ΪûӪΪǸʱɹԶῴûκľ硣
̨ĿգıҲԺ֮С
翿ɳ涶ֹص
ټĿռ棬ָֻ˰
ͻȻһ𣬴ⰲĿռ䡣
һֻ֣̹ιɿɳ棬۾ƣ
ģԷһڣֱĿģΪʲôԺˣ
һʾȻûˣҽ˵ҿԳԺˡ
ף˵ˣȥ𣿡
һôˣʲôû䣺ֻ˵ģҲûдӦ
ѵ֪ϵ飬ʲô𣿡֪̬Ⱦʹˣ飬ȫˡ仰˵ǺĨȥ˼䡣
֪ˡ̾ϵˣҽԺǼ䱻ĨȥҲ¿Բ³飺ʱ䷢̫飬ǰңǰҶ޷ġڼ䣬ҿһЩˡһЩʧȥһЩˡǡҧ촽޷˵Ŀȴһ㶼ˣЩȥˡԺҹҵʱ͵ʲôûɣ
һ𣬿Ƕ˸ûиʱ䣬ֱͨ
洫ɫ˲ı䣬͵һֻ֣棬˲飬ƬˤĴǡ
עŶ棬һӵʱ䣬ŲǰڵϼѾƲֻγֻ


75

ͨ, еֻɳ, ͻȻһ, ǡ͸
ǵ, Ը֪͸ôˡ
컹յһſƬаβĺ롣
ϵʹйȥĺ벦ȥ, Ǳһûˡ
绹û, Էֱ֪Ҫ˵ʲôҲ֪һʲôֻһڡ
лл·Ǳ, ˵лл, Ҳûиожл⡣
׽û¾ͺáЦš
ʺһټ
磺ݰݡ
ֻ, 綼֪˵ЩʲôŮ˺֣ĸоҲ֣˵֡
ǣ͸û¾ͺ, ĲҪġ
Ԫһ죬̫ƽ, һȥһ˸ͬʱҲӭոµ
ϻʱ򣬾Ϳһ䣬Ǹɳ治֪ڰŪʲô
Ҫס˼𣿡չȥ, ϡ
˲ſڸʲôǰˮ΢ϵӡͼƬ
ôұײһļ
ûСڰ룬ֻǿһۣȫȻվȫӽһС档
֪ЩᱻԶٴ
㡭
ķɻbСתͷһЦĿ
ôôΪôҲһӡ
ͨˣǱæҾǰְˡ˵꣬ȥͷ
ͬʱֻ߬ĺָܽڷס
Ļ滹ţĺͼ
Ĵ뿪ˣ֣߬һֻΪ̫ͻ𡣵ɿ
棬ݺݵѹԼƲס嵽ǰ̫ڲ˺
ǣô뿪᲻á
ϣûѾȥ͡
ƺʱæµϰˣһγɾͺѸıˡ
ʱæĴӷżͷ˯һ봩ϣһѾϾʣҵﰡҾȻѽг̸˸ɾ
磺һ㣬ܺѧʱ
ڿɱѧʱضˣ˵߿ʼϴǰشжأҳٵľһͿɾūңҹʣҹҾ鲻ã鲻ҾͶԹиȻҾͻٵͻūҡҹʣҾ鲻áǶѭĩհءǸԴʲô鶼ܸɵó
ŵ˲䣬ԵĿžָľ֡
ľҧгݵĺް
һæ߶ȷʵٶȺܿ죬ȳһЩʱ͡
Ѿ˹ĳͣʱѾԹ롣
ҪһҺľһСʱٹȥɡµڡ
ˣȥɡܾҲǹȥġ
ǡ
İɡ̧ͷһĵ΢Цҵ˸籨ƽ
ðɡͷͬˡ
˵Ǻľ٣ܲһ⡣ľ˺ÿ죬ЩҲԼĶλˡƢҲǳĲУɲǵ
˳緹ͷĳȥ䡣
ɻģڻϣûôżʣʱһ¼档
Ĵ̺Ϳְ컻µ·ϴ̨
ʱʱš
¹ҲѾĵòˣõ˵ַҲΪԼ˾Ƶ꣬ȵϰԺٳʱȥҷӡ
һжƻĺܺãûһ˿©
ֱ˻
翴źŵˡ
ͬһʱԷҲ׼ȷ˵Ǹһֱڡ
վԭأһִֻ棬Ȼվķ߹
ôôһҲпǳǣôɵôʱ䣬ˣ
㡣żɽһȥһƽ
Цһ£ллΪСֱ˵ˡ
㲻ʲô̽ٻǲġһ绰ӵͿԽ
ҲΪеġٿڣҲ˵ǽ͡ϳһ˿ļУֺ±ġҪ˵ļС
ͣһ£ͻȻǰ߹֮ľҲͰײ˾ܽͻȻº᲻뿪Ҳֹ뿪Ǿ͸ˣȥҸȥġ˵ͻȻͷЦͻȻôЩӦ
翴΢΢̧ͷע°ͣβſڡڼ䣬˵һλԺҲˣֱĻӦ˵Ļ˼˼𣿡ָоû˵˵ϲң
ǣҲĿƵĿ硣
˵ǡһ˲䣬ǱһֻεĴ߬סһ㣬ٵʼȡ
ӣ˴վûκηӦ
µģûκηӦ磿̽Žһ
̧ͷһۣжߣ
֪ضĻҵһҪҵҲãʦֵһѾ֣ſֱס磺ҾҪһÿ춼鷳ϣ¸ȥһУҵҪҲԸ⡣
ĶߣĴĶ档һһԺλǱףȱ׸Ӹжֻ̧رס˵ˣܷڵġ
Цġ
㲥沥ķɻĺţ˷ſһЦȥ졣
һֻһֻֽס֣ϣ̨һ
תͷȥ磬ϴŵĺΣǺˡ
ǡ
پնѾǹȥʽˣȻֽţǼȻѾһͲŲˡ
ֻǡץֶ˶Ǳץʪ⡣ѾǵڶαˣǽŵĲС
ꡪ


1

, ѴϡܻĴ󺰡
죬ڿв֮, ûκ
Ȼ, ͣһ, ߿֮صĵһ㣬ʼ˶۶۵ʹ, ȫҧҺ
ܾ, һĵʹڹȥĶͷð麹ľ·, ˵, ءĳһǣ˰
ֵһŷ´ߵ̨Աߡ
߬ס, ȴò˦ȥ
ǰϵĳë̺ӻڣװ׵ë˳һ࣬ȥôྻʱһģһ
ɿ֣߹ȥ, ָ
һʱ䶼˯һַ, ʲôо
磬ȥ̨ɹ̫ɡϼǿ鳤ë̺ӣȥ, Ħ
֪ӦܾãЦվһֳֻϣ¡
ƣĵ
һƬڣ۾һ۲գޱ
ܾãͻȻһ紵գһ۾Ŵ죬ͻȻޱѹ졣
ʱǱǿѣü̧һֵֻ۾棬˸ת棬⡣
С˯滹¶һ˫СţοǸߴ
ȻһС¶棬⣬ԹԵȣһִֻһİϣǿŲԼȥ
Ǹ濴һֻһ鸡ľ棬ǿЩЦ
̺һ𴲡
˺ܾã꣬ڴϣ춯ܴ󡣵ǺصĴϣȴܸ
ͻȻЩ磬ôҹҹôĿ籩ҹôģۿķһҹ棬ȥ
꽻һҹڶһ졣
ųë̺ȥһ̨һ߿̨ţ¼ܾͷ̨һࡣ
ֱֻ̺ûа취¼ק
һĵȻȫûеĵӣֱ߽Ӻһ̨ž͹ˡ
Ȼ߹ȥһ¼Ѿĳ˹
ûֱӰ̺ӷ棬ǿճһֻóŲ֪ʲôʱֽ߬ġϸĲ¼ܵÿһ䡣
ʹԵȶûзŹ
ΪŲ㣬Ծֱӷڱϣһֻεİ档
ȫַ꣬ļ˼ģİ̺ӷ档
㰮ң㲻ң㲻ң˭ᰮң㷳ң㷳ңٷңȢҡ
תͷνֻ档
׸𣿡̧ͷʡ
ôãˣһıӣ磬ͷڵô
ﲻˣ죺õ
̧ͷĿֱ磺˭˵ͻȻ籾Աƽ壬ͻȻô˵˶ӵ˲мܲס۾ֱģˡ
üס˵Ļ첲һٴλص˵ԡ
С죬С죺ʲô˲𣿡
Ƥû̧һ£þ˲𡣡
ҧҧͻȻ۾һתٺЦ£һ̧
ƽʱ̫࣬ڣҲֲʲô»ˣûٹܣȥˡ
뿪ǰõģˣֻػˣҲҲû
˯ţǴ¼ڵļֻ棬ֻһ仰ϲ
ᣬëһ㣬ģȴʹˡ
˿̣ͨ
˺ܾúͣˡ
лϸϸĸųë̺ӣȫûȥֻĴ㡣
ûã⴫һҡ̨棬۾α
Ҳ֪˶ãҲʧˣΧָֻ˰
ⶰ¥½ģǹ԰Ȼǹ·ЩԶʱѾСˡ
ԺУƺ磬վǰ͵
ȷʵվһˣֻ磬һˡ
֣۾Ŀ⼸һֱڼˣ
ֲ磬ɻȥ棬ֱ۾
֣󺰣㵽ôˣҪ˾𣿡˵ȥ
ûһ㡣

ȥٿ۾ȫŭǺѪ˿۾ŭ֣
֣Ҳûһʱ֮ŵˣ֪ʲôķӦ
ŭ֮ʮӵİ
鲻ãȻȥɡڡ
֣ǱŵˣȻһ仰ûз뿪ˡ
ڹŵ˲䣬֣˾һᶢţһҪȥϰడ
ûлشɿ棬Աǳë̺ӡ
ûڼңԽľһ˵ֲҪ롣
ȥһ꣬ʱ޿̲ϣ˵ŮϽϣȥͶ̥ʡÿߴߴģۡ
һë̺Ѿɣȥҡ
̫ȶȣڻûһѾ˺⡣
ǲԸɿ֣һֱҵ̨ڵչ̺á
ȻתһԵİ棺ʲô
áŶʲôĿڡ
ֻ㿪APPµ
СʱԷ
ݣһǸ۲ˣһݷ
úֱӷ棬תȥ̣ѷ˵
ԷʱһֱͷԼǰǷݣǰŵλǰ棬ͬһݷˡ
ԵһͻȻ̧ͷҪʣˡ
ԹǷϴˢɾǷݷ÷Ž棬
û£̨İƿһЩȻ˳ķ£Ŀһŷ
ڵʱ򣬾ϲ̫ˣ涼Щο
ֻǣѾܺˡ
аĿ£ԼĺÿһоϢһļž
ϰڵ߲Ӳصôġԭȥ
Ҫ֣Ҫ磬һһ˵źôĻ㡣
Ҫȥ磬ȥأѾˣǰۿȥ̫ƽ䣬ĻҲûˣǰļʧˡ
ңûҡ
ڣҲֻ棬ԿӰÿһǡ
˸ƽڵ̺棺磬磬硢硭
Դ뿪Ҳû߳ţÿֻ
֣ԺҲû
Ķ伸ȫ˾˿żŶйصıҲֹֻһΣӦǱѹȥ
˭붼֪˭
Ͼŵ㣬һë̺ӱ˻üëҡԴЩΡ
һ͸оͷ΢紵̧ͷ̨Ĵ뿪š
ζһ£ſë̺ƿµķ紵̫ȶȣϣԷûиоһ㣬ת뿪ˡ
յֻԭǴӵģһƺûзĴ㣬ִڵĸʱվԭص˶߹ȥֻ
Ϊ֣ػȴעǼ档
˺ٴ绰ǳʲô顣
ûˡ
߸սǱ򸸵𣺡̣ȥˡ
һֻ̣оǰһڣȫҪʲôվȣֻǣֻһûϥǵĲ輸һվסӲˤڵϣϻȥֻ߬ظ
˵绰ʲô룬ֱǮԿܳȥ
УҲˣſ
ӽſʼȫǰɫſڴû·ȴо˺ܾúܾãȺû֪һ㣬ֻܻеıɫĹײĹȥ
ŵſڣѾ֧Ųס⣬Ҫȥ˹ȥ
ûվֳֻŵأ̵ĹײصĿͷͷӲʯþû̧֧ŵ˫Ҳʼ
ڣۣ£ûκҪͣµ˼
ϣȥ̵ķ䣬ڳʱͻȻŲһͣתͷȥﱾӦһ÷ģѾˡ
Ҫȥͱס
ͷȥ档
վʯ·ϣûйȥ˼ɣϢˡ
ʲô˼
治֪ô˵ﵽ˵ڵֻһ仰̵ı塣
̵ĳĵ죬أ˻ȥ
뿪죬ٴλصӣվſƲסۣŲϼֱӹڵϣؿ϶ʹࣺ磬˵ýȥģҺ˵õġ
̵뿪һشӻڴ춼ûж
ڣĽʵֻص뿪ʱ
һյš
ޱĹȥš
ڿʱһ˲תʲô
һֱ𣿡֣ʣΪʲô
¡˵žҪš
ءּ֣ŷ촦ֹš
һ˲䣬˲䣺ΪҲң
ǡ֣ͣͽ죬ҳһҴȥѧˣȥһΣҲˣ
Ĭ˼ͷá
ûԺΣڣԴѾȫռҲȥ顣ֻ棬Źȥļ䡣
ʮ㣬˵һ·֣ʲô˵ʲôֻͷµ·
֣ǿ˽ѧ¥ȥߡ
Ĭվȵǽߡ
ڵȵ֣ȫ꣬ͷҲص߳ȥ
ֻؼңٺöû硣
оĴڡ
ȵҰ֣ںţ׷߸Ьײڵذ棬ûüͷһ壬ߵĸˡ
һſڣͿһϤӰ
վǰЩͻȻ˵ķ͵سס磡
类ǿӲתͷ۾
ѪҺʼڣԭڡ
һΣڲǻþ
ǧǧε٣һΣеġ

2

Դ׺, ˳µȷ˹ϵ˳Ҳסһ
֮ǰһһ, ּȶģʽһγ, Ѹı䡣
, 𴲺ϴ꣬׼͵;Ҫȥһ𴲡
һ˵, ķӦģ߿
ķӦģ㡣
ת뿪, ȥ͡
Ȼ󣬼ӺħĬĬı۾ǽڹϴ
ڼ绹Ҫ䵱˹Ҫײǽ, ʲôʱת, ǵš
峿ϰb߿Ǹͷԡ
ʼϰ߷ṹײǽ, ͷһһġۻ磬һһš
ֻѡ
Ժ𴲵·ȫ˹Լһ㶼ġ
˳˷һȥϰࡣ
ʱæ¹Ľûʱ˵, еԲȻȥһ, ԷԼæˡ
Ȳ˵ģԸǵҵȫһİĳУ֤İ
һοͷ, ͿʼĶãȫġ
͵һõġʼ
˱ߵûƢˡ
ѹҲƽϡ
֪Ϊʲôôæˡ
˾ԭ֣ΰһʣ˳ˣҲˡ
bУͰѹ˾˳ŰᵽbС
˾𲽣˵ѹǲܵġ
˰ٺˣѾȥˡ
һϰ࣬ȥȻԼƻȥ
³ǰס磺ĩϳȥԡ
áͷ
Ŀȥ˾ĺŸתͷȥϰࡣ
ڶʱ£ȥУ֪ʱ򣬸һֻ綼ܸоߣԼĪĴһ㡭Թ
ûа취Ϊʱ֪ͨҲû뵽򵥵ļ仰Ҵҵĸȥ
Ѿ賿һƬڣȫްŵĹţźڻЬ򿪵ͻһ
ǰԶشڵϣѾǽ˯ˡ
ƣĵۣչȥ£ǰ۾ֱӶ
ɵʲôû˵ֱվˡ
磺
һֱҲֻǶʱģڶһ磬Ҫָȥϴ
ĳ죬˿һ΢úбҪ
ƽȥ鷿Ķ棺ҪĽѣú
üµĿһ磺˵ɡ˵ʲô
翴һͻȻһЦʼ˵ڷϵͳĿࡣʹ״ٷڼع֮׿ʱѪѹӣѪҺкж࣬һԲ˥ϣ𽻸˷ܣֱѪܣθѪ䶯ػθ񣻴ѪҺԣʹӦѪҺ٣ļȱѪϵͳһѺ͵һԷһʣ񶨶Ŀ硣
죬翴һƽ壬ʣµ¾ҲûϵˣȻ󣬷ƽٺһЦӴս㿴಻ãһأ
Ŷ˵ջҲ磺㣬Ǿںˡ
˵ͻȻվֱȥ˫ĵҸֱһܲһ㣬ͱĳ˸ȥһϵƽ塣
ϵĶʱʶԼڵĴ
ĴϣԷߣȫȵĺ῿Ķߣ壺ǻûԹ鷿أ
ڵأȫûи練ʱ䣬ֱӶһ·Ӳǵ촽
ˣǰڣվǰʲô綼мջʱ˿̣ôᷴء
ֻǡۣͷͷˣԺҷƢˡ
áЦӦų磬Ĵ
Ȼԣܸоﲻԣողǽʵ
ҲûϵӦ˾ͺˡ
ôţЦţӦ

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