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ǩܰˮ  ƽ
=========

001ȥ

ڹ񶹽ǡ
ĸϺС˵Ż
ϵǸŮʮ˰ɣ
ڿϣ߻ĻƤһ
ϼ⸱̲ģﲻΪŮżôţڶû˵ף
ҡҡͷûأ
զͲ֪أϵЩ
۾Ƴ´⣬ȷĸŮ̸ŷŵɶڼҲźأǰݺһץĸĵУҪˣô˭ɣţڣѲɻָһȥģ
ĴȣһĲͬҵ׹ŮɲֻǰҲ˳ˡ
˳̵ܵ֡
⻰ҧͷĶһ٣ϣɶ˼
뵽ԼҴ¶ۺ죬㻹ǵǴǸŰɣ
ǲǿ˼ûϾˣ˻Ǹ
ɲզģ˵ǰɣظϵ֤һУ˾Ͱ˹Ȣš
ٵͷȳˣŮСȵܲջҲǸƢģ˵Ű׸ˡ
ųǴĴЦȥʡһأôţ
ϵɴۣò˰ɣ
ﷺᣬհڵϯ棬ȥ˶پƣ˵˼λ̸үأ˰ݣüһȫǹصġ
𾢣˾үô
Ҫզžүأ˾٣ǿлȥõٵģ˭ϸֺãЩģأȥ׸£ϵԺ˵ĵطϿԼŮҪ˵͸˳ȥ飬û׼Ҳܸ㿼ʱ˾ܸ˹պô㻹Գ
ڴµİĶĵ˰ʮ˻ۡ
˭Ҫ˾٣ʮ˴˶ϸŰԼҵҵ¼˰׵Ҳۡ
ϼ꣬˾㵱˹٣ҲǳԴĴˡ
ĽȴƲƲ죬˵úǼǮ黨ãһӵޣһ굽ͷҲֵҪϣӻˣ
뵽ʲôƳһ氲ŵС˵ҪǮð죿޳ȥʱһʲǮ˳Ӷˡ
ԥϳ˻˰ѻ˵һɥĸưͣҲƨ˼Ҫ㲻ˣֵĵģ
˵Ǵȳȥţˮﲻ٣һæȫȥˣԷȳûң˼ҿˣѾ˻ֻҪϼ޹ȥź˵Ķˮ
һʱ
ȳӼǼĶˮضβǸ߲ҪһĶǸ˶Ķˮټӣһ׬ˡ

ǰصȥ԰ժЩƹӡ
ȳӿϢָŮҩϿŲӣ㣬ߵԵʱͣ½Ų͸ųĴȰ񶹽أ
̧ͷЦеͷ
϶ֱѾͷģ湻ģܼ޸˼ҹϺӡ
ϵֱʱͻȻӿֳһǿҵԤУԤеԼᱻȳһȵ˸ĥ
ԼԤڳ£ձջɤӿʼѾϰˣ˵Ժ󣬵е㲻õģǰԤеСĵرܿ
ԤеԼȥ˻ᱻҧװڼҶһ죬¸ʱܳóͷˡ
ʱ򣬸ڵĺɻԼȥţԤеԼţŪҪ򣬾ҽڸ¸ȥŵţϿĨĻ˵ţˡ
ǰһƵ죬ԤеԼ˯ݶᱻ壬ᲡգǳŰ죬¸æӹһ·ƬҹȻһ꣬ڱҡ
ǰЩԤ˵ãδΣ
ȻһΣȻԤеԼҪˡ
Ȼ˵ɵ
ϲŸԤУɼ¶йء
ɫջ֣õĶǶ˵ˮȥϴ
Ϊ˿ڣҲùʧʧġ
ƳһѾͷͣٶ㼸죬ʱȥüǮ

˳֪ĶҰȥˣһ࣬¸ǰŽš
ϣ˳һҪȥ顣
СּңСֵС⣬˵Ǹ˲ӵġ
ԣ˳Ļסµø
¸ͬ⣬˵ûǮ
˳ɣһ֮˳ȥʧһʱֻʣգ˵λ߶Ҫ顣
۵ֱᡣ
¸ӲĳҲɿڣȻҪǾȥѧҰţǣȥˡ
ϲͬ⣬ţ괺ʱզ죿
¸ȥ󲮼ҽˣǼͷţʹÿ
ϼ¸Ҫţ˳飬﷢ţ¸ţտ˳˵е»ҡ
ϼϵʱˮһڣżæŵ˵˳Ҫţ˳Ӷ飬취ȳýװɣҪţǼûˡ
ŮֱοţȳӼȻѾ˻ǿ϶ҪȢģȻȥϢȥȳӼһˡ

¸Ҫǣţȥ죬˻ûȥڴýžˣЦüۣ¸кֱ֮⣬صǿֻҪϼޣȳӾ͸Ķˮ
ﰾ󲡳ĶӺȣýŵĻΧϲֱ߳ýţ˵˿ײ
ýظ֤ҪţȥȳӳȲ·Щȳ֮⣬ĲõģûҪȻҲֲǼ
⻰¸׼ؾýֵȹ꣬Ǽʮˣ͵ĹҪٵһֻ꣬˼ķݶ˵ȳҪҪзģ޹ȥֳܹɵĺӣǻɶĵģҪǵȥ
¸Ĭǣţɡ
緹ʱ֣ɽϼշ±¨˿¸͹ˣý˵¸һ顣
¸̾Ϣĸȥ磬ٶģǵ°ϴ˽˼ҡ
Ŵָ
ȳǸõģû׼͵ͷӦˣԤеԼᱻǸ˴ĥôܻɵؼ޹ȥ
ûͷҲûҡͷĥô׮¡
¸ûӦС
̧ͷ¸˸˼ԼҪٿǿǡ
⻰


002ùֶ

ҹ
ȥû˯ţ˺ܾãýԼȳ׮õİ취ǰҸ˼ˡ
ǣ޸˭أ
ʮ꣬СһĺɻѾ˼ңȴʽ
Լòãû˼ԸҪ˵ưϱ
ɼˣûСǸԸ޸ˡ
ͷг·˹л߳ɽȥ棬Ϻӡ

۳ӶĶˮҪ֣ãÿμʱ϶Цеġ
ϣԼԤʱͻȻġ
ȳӸͬˣôý¼˵ףٲϵĹ͡
ϵĹŮп϶˴ߵã˵Ҫţܻȥʲô
ĸŮЭ̺ȲҪ޳ȥղͷţǮ˳ˡ
մĲϣץʱɺõ˫Ьٵͷ˻һһģϹż
ϵЬͷһɫϣЬߴͦһ˵Ľţ˭Զ
һʵ۲̫༱ģĵȻˡ
²ϣȴû֣ڴͷȥǱȻű¨ȥˡ
ûȥֱȥ˴ѧ
ϺӴºӴֻһ˽ӣɵĺӶ͵
վ˽⣬ͷ
Щߣ񹻲ţذѱ¨Ϲڽ£˫ַǽˮ˫Ƴڣ֧߰ӣʣһһ鱾ϷҡͷԵǧġ
ĺӰװ鷭סϷӵߣԴһһģڴ˯
ӣ죬ϺӴˣԪÿһϿξͷԣһѧ
֪˽͵ԪѧԼĿαǰҪӵǱ
ϺӴºӴٿˣܿĲ࣬Ԫ֮һöǱ
ԪαϵЩ֣
͵Ѿ࣬־ټպǧģÿرϵĲࡣ
Ϊְֽ̺дģѿżѧһ֡
·ǧģڽ̾һд֡
ס˱ʻ׼±¨Ҹ֦ڵĬдһ¼䣬洫˵˵ʲô
ƽûֵ˼ȴĪ顣
һȣԣавá
Ȼûеĵˡ
һ˫޳Ĵһסļ磬˳ƽ
С͸죬лĻ˵ڣһʱ֮䲻֪룬ִֻٵӲűԼȹı¨
˵ĿǰСϡ
һ²ɵĴֲѣ¨ʱ΢΢ͷ¶ѩ׵Ĳ
ʮСϸ۸ɾӲ濴˫۾ˮƯò񻰡
Ȼ̽˫ȴ˼ӣݵüǲ⡣
˫֡
°ѱ¨رϣѰ˼Ÿø˵лǲ֪Էܲܿ
ƫͷԷǸɫˣԼĪʮ߰˵ͣʮֿ˵ʣȴθߴͦΣţһ˫۾ףǶʱֱͬץСӵ޴С
Ҫô˽Լ͵Ͽε¶
ɵѧʱĺǻܡ
һԲĴԴԼǰܿ˵˻˷ܵغţôˣ
˵Ͽֻܴ˯¿񵰵ĻԪ
ϺӴμɣΡ
ûΡԪôһܿ˭ˡϺӴɡ
λɣǸţ֣ʶģʮԼд徭ͨʫʸ踳
Ȼһţʮ궼ûϹ˵ţͯûС
ԭдɷùֶС˥²ϣǰ衣
Сʱ˽ӿɣѧһȺӵƤҪȥ·ߵĶ졣
Ǽû£Թ۵ɱŲܹ߶һƤΪûʱҩ˿ڷգЩŪûС
ʮ꣬ɲμӵһԣ·һͣ㣬µʱû㣬֪ΪӺһ죬ϾͲˣڶûɡ
֮ʮ꣬ԭԭ֮ܶû˳˳߽
ǰò˳һأǰŸ̤ͱ˸֪ȥԵɩٷɱˡ
֪¶˲࣬Ҳ˵ģԺɾҲûȥԣһֱ׵չɩµĶԪ
Ԫ꣬ﲻڵʱֻм´󣬻ˣ˵Ὺ꣬Ͷɺûϣμ˱ûϵ
ΡԪԲԴɤͻû
Ԫ۾һתϣûУ
һ˵һߴбѿαͳӸ񣬡ҲôϿΣ
Ρ۵ȾЦ⣬㻹ϿΣ
԰֪񲻻˵϶Ԫ˦˦ú˳֣ѧˣϵü֣ҪǲðԼ
񣺡˭Ǳɻģ
⻰
룬Ǹڶ¿ͷ£ͼˣϵˣǰףСɰµһﳤȥü^_^


003ǾҸϲ

ΡԪѧؼҵġ
ǰ棬ԪĿαںͷ۾һİ֣Ѹղ˽µǸҳ
ʱʱĶԻ
ĺӣʲΪʲô˲û¶͵ɫشӵʼһƽء
ͷƫб﹡ϵӰӡ
ϺӴºӴķֲڣԪתͷ֡
һ£ûʱӦ
ԪˣǱأ
ԣѿαԪѾҵԼѧǸֲҼ¡
ԪѿαŻ¨ǱҲóˡ
򿪲һ
ԪȲСצһ
ԭԪһһȥԶĴ±߳Աѧ
˸ո˽ǰεһĻڻ飬룬һǱݸΡ
Ԫһڱﺬ壬ⲻ˵ѾͷǱ˵㣬ӱղ㳢
񣺡
Ρûӣͷӣô˵ģ
ԪͷǱýʯӡ
Уúһ㡣˻Ρֿڡ
ԪѾָû
˽ѮݣԪղ飬գǱ֮⣬ٴһȺḛֽ̈ƻСһſϿڽ
Ӳ·ڷֵԪŵĻϺӴμҡ
žͼŸ˳ӣϹſ⣬ðǧģһ͸Ҷ̳ӣһɣ¶ܾôˣҵųȥˣҲɡ
ϺӴΪ˿
ηϣϴɾ˲ִ߳ѽ˵ͣɣһƵ¶㻹˼һأһպòͷˡ
ηθĸӵŮΡСһ֣ͬ꣬ʮ塣
ӺҸ⣬ҸզˣֲʲôֵǮҪⶼ᲻ãԺȥˣ졣
η̲סֹôϻͿΣϻ͸ģٲֵǮҲǮҪȥˣӼҪ˰졣
ԪһԣŴӵ˳Ĳ϶ǲǳˣ
ԣһţɲǣѹҽôù
ţԵ˹֣Ÿϸȥ⴮Ŷǰ
ԪӲŷִѾѧ
ԪˣӰӸηϸΧϲ˲֣Ҫӡ
ɷȥ磬ֻô磬ɼҽѾͷƬӣֻûɼңʱָϡ
Ԫҵĵλ֪
ĸͷ˵󲻴˵СҲС
ԪѾϰ߱ĸţڵϡ
أզûˣ§űӣɨһȦԺûΡ
ˡԪ϶ѿһֻܿʳ
ԣûȥš
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ϵľ˭ҪҾ߶û¶ͰɻżȥȥϻǮ
ºӴ弸ʮ˼ͷμʵ˼סé߷Ǽҵש߷ֿͷȥչӵ⣬ɼǲȱǵǮʳ˼ңֻ۰ͰĽķݶ
ζɷ缸˲죬Ѿּҳȥ߸˶ǽԼԣû
ʰ꣬Ρȥˮ׼ϴ衣
ӳûɣ⵱˵㣬Ͷʮ˵ˣզ£
ΡľưˮĶһ٣ùͲʲôܣ˵ȥĸҼޣ
ֲһ䣬˵йԸޣԪҲһϲ
Ԫ֪ĸΡҪǳףͬҡ
ΡģȻҪչ˶ӵĸܡ
ǾҸϲġ˵ܲΪһӹ
Ԫϲģ
Ρ뵽ʲô΢

˸磬Ǳëϸĵ߹װˮձϱ¨׼ţһǿҲԤ⧲ؾͳ֡
ԤеɽջԪһȥڵĴµ֮ȳײȳӰɼ///ɴ֡
񣺡
治֪ɵùɡ
룬ȥˣ±¨ѰõǱëóԼԡ
ιԶʳҪɵӵģ
֪ʲôʱԪ򿪣һԲԴ̽
ȻûǰĻȥˣûٹСѾͷȴҲ㣬ֱι
ëϣ
Ԫ֪ʲôٺǷǽģǼҲûˡ
¸ݰ磬һʹ˳ȥԾˣ¼񣬻ûˡ
䣬ԪѾӴ˽˳ץһϵë߰˵ҸղŴҵȥ£㣬ûȥôѧ


004ϷʹС

û취ԪԼȥɵԭ
Сһ˺ð죬ﴧ˰ë̸ӣȻקߡ
ţˣȳӾᾭ£ҲԶ
˿ģԪ󣬳ڷȥ
ߵսǴͼǰͷԶиŴֲݵˣ·һһߵġ
±ŶˣҲܴ·Ʋ³֡
ǲܼҴȳ𣿡Ԫһ˫۾ȳӵıϴת
±æһסԪ죬˳ƽϵݶӺš
Ԫժ֣̽СԴȥȻ񣬡ȳӱѸȥˡ
ţСĵŲһƣȻȳӱ˰ϰקֻЬ⣬һֻЬߣֻŮ˵ֵ֣˭Զ׼
񣺡ѹԤм޹ȥᱻĥȳӹȻʲôö
˼һתԪС־ѸҵԺǽܡ
ϷʹС£Ԫ֣ǰ
ԪȥϷ

ȳӽպ˵ƣԭǰ಻סǰ绨δģ˭ϸߵѸ⣬ͱѸʹ˴קȥ
קԼѸȳӶʱŵþѴ룬һ˦Ѹɶ㣿˿զ죿
Ѹָͷһûİǧģڱﻹ˵ȹȢҽţͷýȥ¼˵ףҪȢưͣΪҵĿ˵Щҵģ
ȳǴɤһѴæ§סѸ˳һѣƭĸζ⻰զ˵ģ׼㵱Ѿͷʹأ
ѸбҶ˵ˣ׼ĶˮļѾͷôֵǮģ
ȳ§סѸһڡ
ѸŪ˾ưͣＱɶֲǲ㣬ȥһƼˡ
ȳӺѸݣʯͷŵԪ˲ŸҴԺǽ̧Դ
ղŵЩһֲ©ȫˡ
ȳ治ǸԪſǽͷܽᣬ˿ɲܼޣ޹ȥóһӵƿ
û߶߶ϣԼ˴ӡ
ɶԪԾ
˸
ԪܿԼ˸ӵݸ
ӹּ˼һǽѸɵݵȼĴŻˡ
ԪЦ軵軵ģԾ˫޳˵Ϊ
׼Ժ򿪻һ˻棬һӣպڵݶϡ
ɿݵĵŻŨ̡
µʯ
ԪɤӴ󺰣ŻȻ𰡣
ʱѾ׼緹һ׷ܡ
ԪѾ
ֻѸԺðỤ̃æͰˮҪ塣
ڰ¶ȳӺѸŵ˻ζŵһ£ȳѸӱܣŸճݣѸԺžͱǰȻĴײ
ϵȳӣ
ܳѸ
ˮͰڴ񣺡

µطƴеʲô紵ݶϾܴ˾֪
ʱ֣Ѿ˳һ
ϣ˼졣
¸ĥôŮȳӵаܻϾѾӶĸ˹һʲôʵģԼҹŮûӣ֪ôH¶
ϲһһ죬뵽ķôˡ
˳һݷţСưͣǲǻ֪ԼȳδѸĿ
¸һǳ⣬˭˵ģ
˳һһ㶵ģ󲻷غȥǣû˵˶ڴ˵Ǹȳӵڶȶ۴˸ȳˣŻȥġ
Ա˾͹ȥ¸ؿ
¸ٶŭæ˳ȥűߵʱͷһۡ
̧ĿϣƽϵĳЩ˼޴Ρ
ʮֲζѰ˼ŵþ취ʧС
Ƕĸӻݺ¸꣬Ů̾ǰý˵¶ȥȳӲǸõģ޹ȥ
ͷЩСϲ

Ѹ͵˵ع⣬ûţڼҶ˼졣
ճźӱû˶·ϴ
ûҲˣжѣСβͣԪѧû¸ɣҪϴѣ˵Ҫӱˮ
Լߣߣ׼ϴѸԼ裬ŲȥһߴһָԱ첻ߵļȻֻͷ򲻳ƨûҪ
ԪԱྐྵӣѸ㡣
ȻƣԪת˼ӼԺĸҪеֻȫ˶ˡ
ѸһڣС˸ӣٸҺ˵˵˺죡
ѷŻվ
ѸΪԼסҪߣմմϲ
Ԫһ˼תȥΣʡʲôĳĶϴȾˡ
Ѹһ


005Ȣң

ȳӵĻ¸洵ϼòˣѰŻֻӴ
ҲȳǸ˵۳žҪȢ绨ϱˣȥ͵ȡȳӣһ˵˭ãȳһȴԶȥǴҸֵô˵ײûţ
꣬뵽ʲô˵Ҳ˹ˣѸ粻զƫƫǸʱˣ˳ĵİɣ
ϲŲȥĥô࣬뷨ӣ׮ҪǻˣӶĶˮˮƯ˳ְţϰûţôզ죬ѲҪȥ󲮼ҽţҸɩӱͲԸʱţô˦أ
Ҳ¼ǸСѾͷʮˣκãģΣȴƫƫ˵Ҫǻ˵¼żͱ׵ý˸ˣĻüġ
ϺȻϴβ˵Ҵ̹ǻ˼̫̫ү׼ɸ𣿡
һ飬㲻˵Ҷˡ
뵽ϣĿ˵²ܵȣһϣҴ磬ȥ̽̽ڷ磬ĺκģӣҪү˵ǮӼҲˣܵ˰ȳǱߵʧҲϲǣ
ҲⲻúúãһҾȥϣȻؼҵҵĺϢ

ֳԤˣԤеԼһÿ챻Ị̇
֮⣬ûԤеģ͸ǰͷǼһֻԤимǣԵɣһûС
ҲΪĪԤУͻȻӦһ¡
׼ȥԪ֮ǰԤеΡԪһȥǡȳӾΡɼ///ԲŻΡ֡
ԤУԤģǰкؽʾ֭ȥȥ²ԼΪʲôᵹù
ɺ𣿻˵Ρùˡֻ֡ҪԤиǸйأܿǰ
¶ͦƾԤƺҲ˵ʲôҸ֤һԼĲ롣

죬ΰãԼ¨ŴѧȥصʱƼǰŸˣͷһ˿˸ķ٣ͦΣ󱳿һºУ˫ָ·ƴţ졣
һϳǰͷ˾Ρʮ磬Ҳʱõˡ
ƺ춯תͷǡɶһ˫ڰ׷۾
һ£סŲ
ˣû˼㣬ӲͷƤǰ˵˻ҲȷΡöԼֻóһĨЦǿк
Ρϣ׼ȥΣ
ֻѰʺûгЦ˼
ǡôòţ˾̹
ͷ
ȥԪ˵
죬ǰͷȥѧ͵ϿΣҲûΡԪӣƺеڰ
ﴧ£ûע£һСʯ飬ѵۣȻعѾǰˡ
۳žҪײΡϣʱַסƵĶ˾ڳûռˡ
죬˴סΪʱԺ︡˳ǰǸԤеǰ
ϺĸŮӰȥϸһ˼ҵү檡
˵檣˵/йߣΪүϲ̫̫үҪУºԺȥ̫̫һŽ߳
мѹ飬·ȥسǽΡţһ̣ţ˲˵廹ȫʪˡ
Щ
ôоÿԤ
ֹԤУؿǰǲʵ
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Щ죬òץᣬΪһĺ뱲Ӿˡ
ӲΡɫէէףѯʡ
Ա߼˸֦׾ڵд֣Ȣң
ϵ٣бĻҲдˣǰһԼѧ֣ƴճģڣҪ˼ˡ
Ρֿ˿ֽϣ֪Լдʲô
ƽ̳񣬷·ܶһС˼
ддˣֻܻȥ۾ƴͷ
Ȼ֪ԼдʲôԾȵΨһ취ڼĸж֮ǰԼ޳ȥ
ңԿ䣬˵ġ
һԪѧѸһԣ˵򣬽ضʳūͳȺ
¾ǺʱҲüЦһǱΪر

񱣳Ŷˣû̧ͷ͵͵ȥƳΡӰ
ΡͷڵϵŮǼܽСݣԴֲڵһС֦ڵػĶġ
»˻ĬƬ̣Żڣˣ
ٴεͷûãҲûбķˡ
á
ʵһ֣侲ƶ
ţ̧ͷΡ۾ƽһ㲨ҲûУ·ֻڴӦѰ¡
⻰
£Ϊɶͷѧܣ
ΡһӶӡ
psĹʱ´ѽµһ̣˵ǣǻδߣɸװǰףСŮ´꣬^_^


006˵

ûΡֱӴӦЩ֪Ӧԡ
ҪȥôΡ˵ţ֣ƺʶԼͻˣְջȥȻԵÿ⡣
ЩȣǰоԼµСޡ
վʱװĿϵĻңεٺãǷµС˼ҲӲһ˫ǧ۾
ΡѵõʧЦ
ֱʱΡѾȥֱǰߡ
ؿڣɿ̧ϣȴû̫
ѮѾ죬ðźӣһɳɳ춯ΧɸǽΡ䣬һǳһš
Ρǲ·䡣

ؼҵʱ򣬼ˣĸŮ֪˵ʲô̫С
±¨¨ؼ·˳ݡ
ȥţȦϲİţųȥȻһ׼
ûã˳شܽ£զţųȥˣ
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˳ָ棬е˵ۼţܳȥˣҵĴţܣһֻǶˡ
ɫһ·ףأȥơ
Ҫ֪һڼͷţסָٲһ
ϸųж֪ȥǸѾͷ֪֪ţ¶˭ϸߵűߣͷһϴˮһóһ͸
ţѾͷû۾
ǲŸո֪Ϲӣ޴վ̨ߣ¶ܵǸ⡣
ʪ˴룬һָ䣬ϽˣưͽʲôǼүǲý
ΪŮֻʱѹĿŻһϵľѻϾʹҴȥˡ

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ϳҭҭĨ˵ˣһֱûע⣬֪ţɶʱܳȥġ
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񰲾سŷϵ
ϼԼ¸ȴҷһֱûţôܳȥģ
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Ҳƿߵ棬ֱ㶵ؿ
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ϼ¸һֱ۾ԼЩǸŮ˵ɶأ
¸Ů޵ģֻðġΡ˵˳Ȼһƨȥ̶ӽϿ˿ĻңۼҾýҲܸɳŮ𣿡
һ⣬ȴǿмЦģǣ̫࣬һζѣľ͵ˣ
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ǰˣɿ˺ʹѾӻȥүˣ˵ΥԼȣ˫Ǯȥ١
һҪֵٸŵ˫ȶˣΣϡ
û뵽ԭ޷ļƻᱻͷƬӵһΡ¶ްԼ˺þõ˽Ǯóʮүʲϻʱ׼ɱȥ¼ˣŲ֪¼ˡ
λˡˣǰȳӱýǸýš
ϺĸŮݵʱ򣬷ý¸˵ŻзҲٺô̬ȱϻؿϸ磬¶úúϼƺϼưɣμã޹ȥҲֻϸ˵ԪֲѾ꣬ҪչˣŬȸСģܿܰӸ˳Ҫ˵ûб׮¸ˣǼи
ýǻֻû¸ҲԼҹŮʲôУΡǸưͣѾ¼ðˣҪ׮¶ֻ϶ͺۣϹ
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007Ը

һֱԼź͵ݷýŵżܴ¸̬
׮Լıģ¹ù˲Ҳãȱ첲ҲգֻҪܰѸ檵ˣ¾ɲ飬ͬס
ЩС
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ʱǱߴϵμҸ𣿡
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˼ֻҪͷ¸ûˡ
ýЩɵۣ˱ýô꣬ͷһؼҪʹŮܶµģ϶ȻǰưŮƵۡ
һԵȥ仰˵ƨãǵģ޹Ůô¶
꣬ýţ˵˵μҸҪˣ׮¾ôš
ýŻûڣ¸Ͱ̶һģżֳŭǼŮŮ
ûĸһԼָֻţ¶Էĸ
һ㶣˵ʲôͱקһѣС㻹ǱǼҵ¶ˡ
һ¸˵
𣬡զͲܲˣҪΪǸưͣܰ״ӽȥ
¸۽һʲôӣ
֪˵©죬ȴϣƨֱˡ
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ʵϣ¸ϣŮ޸Ρ˵˽Ρ˵һף¶ûʽڵǹ͵˹ֲɥ
μҴǲڵùһʿޣĸ
¸ҲǻԵɺ֮ģȰ裬ΡȹҹŮһŮ޸Ρ˵ҲǱ˵Ķ顣
뵽¸ֻĬĬ̾ķݡ

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ӹ˲Ρһ׷Ԫզ˵ģ
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Щ㶡
λɵĺܶ¶ͦ׼ŲˣԪһ˵ôоЩ߶߶ģ
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ôŰɣΡƶѾý˵ˣûʱڵĵ
ΡΪʲôͻȻҪȥ¼ףͼΡѾݣֻðѻ˻ȥ
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008δǾ

Ӧ˼ޣЩ쾫ӣԽáˣģ񶼻û𴲣ϾѾ緹ãԶ񷿼䣬ȥϵʱЩ黨
֪Ϊ̰ͼμҵĲҲƣĶղ
Ƚϵġ顱¸Ե侲࣬һس̡
ܸоʵϣ޵μȥû취¸͡
һԼ˵Ͳôࡣ
Լɱֻ棬£ҲעŮܸܲɴһȢԼġ
ҪǴȥûطˡ
μͷٶȿ죬Ρûһ¼ҡ
ȻǲʺϳȥģԼƿһŷעݵĶ
ϱ¸˳ˮϴѣֻʣ¸Ρˡ
֪Ρ˵ʲôֻ֪Ρߵʱ¸ţŷ￴ɫǰջ˲٣Ρ̬ƺͦ
ƼΡǰתͷһ¡
˫տڵӣ֮ǰѾüôһۣ·ֻصڴѧץСӵʱͣ
Űϸ˸ؿڣΡ뿪ƿš
׷ȥԶѾӰ
ԭΡ˵ʲôһ룬Ρ϶ԼգŤ׼ۻȥ
ͩͻȻͳɤң
һعͷ
ΡߴӰ֪ʱѾĿע
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鼹ӿ̧ͷΡʱжһĨм
Ϊƥˣһֱѧ֣ŮӶ˵̫ˣֻȥѧ͵Ȼѧôãûʲôչ
Ρǰæ
ͷִͻȼǣдţԽ㡣
⻰΢΢̡
飬˸лл㡱ơ
Ρףϲͺá
ЩΪԼˣ̽ԵֱȻ㿴ö˵ʲô
ΡЦ

ؼҵ·ϣԾɾò˼顣
ûв˵ˣż棬ΪʲôɾͿһư͵̫˾ˡ
Ρ¼ң¸ϺõĲһ̳Ӿƣϵƥ黨Ҳˣ˳˲졣
ϵ˺ôЦеġ
¸ҲЦݣ񿴵óΪǼ̳Ӿơ
ΪʲôͻȻ֮ת̬ȣµΡ쵽˵ʲôˡ
ʳѣ񶼲ںΡֳΪϹţ˷ܵ˯ž͵ָ鱾ϵһһֵĬϸ
ףΡԷŴЩһһдö˶ʮ
ͦÿĿǰ鱾ÿ֡
Ϊҹڶˡ
ѵõû˸ɫţ϶һࡢˮ󵰺һܲ
¼Һôʢ緹
Щ㶣ЦŵĹˣǸúúﳤúãҪϸһЩμû׼ϲԣҴȥϲòѡ

뵽ԼͿˣ˸죬¸˸кȥķǰݰݡ
¸⻰һ£˵һȥ
Ůĸ½ϵķǰվã˳Ӳݣ㣬ЩֽǮֹϼԼıӺʱ·ϲժҰŹʵʵڸͷ
¸ҲֽǮ˵˼䡣
ˣ¸Ǹ½ϣŮȥ˼ع
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һֱûŪֻ˵ﲻƽصˣ߻ɣһȥʱãʱ˸ͦŴӵˣ˱½ϣĺӾ
½ûģ˵ͷʬûķذֻĿշء
ѧԺôģû·꣬СˮﱻˮˣҲʬ
ûʵ˵ȫ˼Σ¸һ˵Ͳˡ
ֽǮ¸ϵĻңԴĳ˵̰˱ʱ캮ض˭û֣ÿ·ʱһܻգȻһ֣ȴʵڣǸֵиģ޹ȥ󶼲㡣
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¸ͣһΣ˸գɤӶջˡ
׺ЩЦλδľأ
⻰
ţ޵ʱδѾʮ^_^аߵģԺȥһһҿôôգ


009СɩɩɶƵ

μ¶һԺѾ붬
Ρý˸ţ⻹ˣ˵ұס
޹ŮȢϱĲ٣Ҫָͷôģͷһؿ
˳ʮ
֮⣬ƺͲ˫سﶥõ֣ƥÿɫ˫µĺҲһˣоϵԼҰζҰ⡢ɽ⡭𣬹߰ʮ
ƧѰ˼Ҽ޹ŮȢϱƸûôģеֻһĶеֱͷţЩˮ߲Тĸ¶õģʮƷһ֡
μƷֿӾӶģʮͷһݡ
ֵĲ٣һ۲òУһΡǸĵùǮû˲ƽˡ
Ϊ׼ؿɲٶԼ͵дμˡ
յƸ񣬿Ԥڶ˼ӶֵȥˣЦǽһá
󲮡øɩˣټףһӡ
һҺɫϸ޲Сߣ˫ָϣ˵ʱʱȥƳΡֻöֱͦ볤˵ʱɫ糣û˿ľн·ֻڸԼпҳ
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Ϊ˵ֻǲΡ˻
μ˼۰Ͱ͵ĽȻҲۺ죬ΡҪһֱŮڵģó߶Т
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뵽ʲô˵æ˰ˮܲȥСǱߵĵ￴Ҵ
¼ҴϲӣúЪЪɣȥΡ
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Ǹ¶ģϾᣬЦת˿ڷ磬ûذɣߣȥ֡ǸˮܲȥðɣҲû·
ͷݡ
ΡҲվ˸ڳȥ
Ӷǹˣ֪ǹСڵضദȻø棬㶼װ֪飬Բ롣
Ųӣû߶Զ˸תͷΡ
֮ǰ֪ԼΡ˵˵Ѿ׼
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ĸ䲻ƣȴںĺڷΣЩԴϵûôֻ̱ЩҪǰЩߥޣҲҪ
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ջĵͼСӣƺΡĵ¡
ȵͬʱ̲סЦΡһүǶô뵽ģ˶һմˮ˫־׳պ׼أǿԶʡͭˡ
СѾͷýۣƯˮ飬һЦü䣬ϵƵġ
Ρ״۵ϼ͡

ڶ꿪
¼ҳ緹һ˲Ŵת
·ϣл˵λСɩɩССģʮ𣿻˵ֻе۰
ûʣǴȢȥŮأ
лһۣ綼ˣϹżʲô
˵ջ۾ȥΡ
ΡԶ˵ĻÿɷҲʲôǶײֻܱ졣
ֵǰһͬѧӶ飬ΡΪδɷ򸾵뿪ѧӣлξöûʰؼȥˣֻʣһлԺţ񣬴ٽ
лֵ˽Ρģӳƣƽﻰ࣬ȴʵȵãֻͿȥүˡ
˵ˣϱ۹Ӧͦģ˭ѡ˽λСɩɩ
СɩɩõɶƵģϧ˵ѽӿô


010

ΡһȻˣ¼߻ֵġ
֮ǰ˼Ѿȥ˻ǿͲˮ
Ǻ캣سаףΧϣĽμƸƯҪǮһһ϶
˵񳤵úãģҲֻиμվһŵǶԡ
Ҳ˿ﵱúѼŮˮ飬ҶƵģμɵۣˣ׮Ҳܳɡ
ϼǮۿﱾֿ˻ٱôһ䣬˶ƮȥˣһյĿ磬ǰһ˷һǿ飬ûȥ庢ӡ
ͣϽ˳һ𣬰ѽΰʺ껹ϴңݣ¸һԵڿϣչȥҵģҸ¶
¸̧̧Ƥ
Ͻ˵ĥţȿ˴˳ȥѧ飬㿴ɲ
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ǮյֶûȺ˵ҪֱͣӸţɶһ룿
ͳʮӣҪȥһ룬ǻʣƨ
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ȫȻûȥҪ޸ȳӣҲֻܵӶѡ
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Ӳù
˵ģ˵ưͣ¸ðٰʮӵļױ޵˭۸
ԹԹһ¸Ӳ׻ǲҸӲ鲻Ըһӵݵ¸

Ρ˻صϺӴ壬ϵӣлҲڣһ˵
ͷжӭ˳ֵ֣ܿһôţۼȥƸ¼ͷҲŪ򷢴ǣǼСѲɱӻţ
£ллֵܲ죬ȫ۾ȥΡ
ΡﴽǳЦ¼һŮʮǼȥ߶߶˼Ҿ͸Ӧʮͷ͸ϱҲˡ£ֲ˾䣬˵ף˼ǿΪ˴󷽵ϡ
˵࣡
лվſôţɩɩȻӲģ̬Ѿ˲٣ɼ⻰ɩɩͷ̹ˣɵֶӺܻ˵
ôһ룬лһѾסСлεĶ䣬ûúøѧѧ챻ǵùǣűײҸ㣬Ҫǻ㿴βң
лαﵱӣ죬ܸ𣿡
ѧʵˣһʳĴϴ֣Աȣ˺ǲǴе֣

ζϱ˵ΡҪȢưֱͣЦƸ˻ˣѾţײӳˮ
һûʲôɫɶ
ⲻɽȥƸѰ˼Ź򡣡
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ӵζϱЩɺôҲҵСӣôûȢϱò˶ҹĹôˣ
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ζϱΪﷸˣ˼ҹﲻ˵ԼɩûˣΡ˵Լͷߥζһ˷ֵطǮм˵ǽԼһ߶ȥˡ
Щ꣬ڣ߶
δɷʱΡжӺϵǿģʱɩģѵöοοϱɵãһ˴ͷ磬˵ãףҪôȥֵָһˣ˵ӣȫɿˡ
ӵʱͰѶϱùѪͷûãζϱĻҪ˷ּҡ
ӺģҲϵȰ裬Ѹ÷ֵķָǷ϶
ɴ˿ɼƸζϱͰ͵شҲûеġ


011һϴˮóȥ

ζϱ²Цûţ˶ػԼҡ
ѾĴѾںСĶѾԣСΪ˸װ࣬۴ޡ
ζϱͷð𣬾ŴѾĺӣһƨк
Ѿ޵øס
ζɴ龰üͷզˡ
ϱſһŵСҧгݣҪǸǿǿţ˵а˭񵹺ãﻰڿҲӣ˵˵ãǼˣôԹͷ
ζϴ˰ϵ㣿
ϱҭҭȥ룬ҡⲻҪȢˣȥ߶߶𣿡
Ǿҵġ
ϱʲɻһСأ˵Ƹô¶Ҳû֪һԭǺϸǱ˸ȥģﵹùƲԼˣлСȥųӣⲻŴǷΪ𣿡
ϱһ֣͸Ƶģûûˣһ˵ŵƫģ뵱ɶƸҪຮжຮףɲȢ˵ưͣ졣
һ˵ּҵʱſ϶˲ǮٷָǶˣҪôǮðƸ
ζһ䣬ò׵ϱͣˣȥڡ
Ӽ֪׼û£ſڰ˸ˣϱģ
ζأתͷһ룬ϱ˵Ҳûֱͦˣ˵Ƹµ֣ͦ
Ǹģһ֪ԼҶҪʲôʺȲ֣ǶԸģòӲġ
֮⣬⵱ĶܣǷּҳȥģ˼ʣ
ô˵ɻúһ磬ҸֵܣƸô¶ôһԾ˹ȥⲻǻ𣿡
ڣϱȥ㱻һţּզ˵ģ±ɿţӣһˡãҪ֣ҾǷ֣õĶߣּôЩ꣬¼ˣŴѵûУ㵱ֵܵʱ㵱ǣ޲ܶԶԶģɸ¸ƸͻֵˣҪת˿пƾٵ˹٣㻹ҡβַԣ
ζɱһͨҭòᣬתݡ
ϱԼ˸ֻܹƵĻæǲҲ
ζڿϣ̵ġ
ϱˣ㵹˵仰ûƸ¶
ζһϻ𣬡ƸƸͶŸԺƸ˼ҳ׹ʲô£
ôҵ£ǲˣּҵʱ򣬴һݿ߬ڵеģ˵ЩǮԪɺԪǸ
˼ƸҲƼˣʮ磬ĻҳĳͲϸ룬һʱôǮƫģԪɣͰѴһóƸŰɣ⻹ֻǿͷ꿪ƣָû϶أ
ζǰȻЩȴڸӼƽϣ˵ȻԪһִģôЩǮ鵽Ҳûʲôԡ
ϱȴҧŲţ˵ɣǼӵ¶ԪͰôһܳԵ˼ڣһ굽ͷܻ˼Ǯʣµģȫɿڴ
ҪǹôСܰѴһݸ§ȥ˵˵˵ҪȢ¸ˣϾϵĺȽԼģҲԪõĶȥοǻǸưͣôչԪǼûжӣԪֻҪϰѴһݽұ֤Ԫĸζš
ζŲҪȥԸȥҷǿڡ
ǸĻˣ˭֪ôЩԪþϸԪ˵ѧﲻù˽͸İֶȫˣƤʵϣأ
ԪҪ˶ǷֲʶһðǺӸȳ˰
ʱһ˵ĭӾܰӸ
˵¶ǼҾǳŴǷݷּǮȥģӣͬŹ֡
ϱŭ䲻ָζɣ˵ôôأ
ζûŲҪȥðͷǰǰͱһͨˣȥɲô˵ˣɨѰɨпܡ
ϱһһȥڴˣĭӣǻûŵư沱һǴҪ˵˵˻ͨᣬܹܺԼ㲻ˣĹܵԪ󰡣Ԫ¶ǵǶֻѾѾͷͷԽҪŵԸѴɼһݷּǮóţǾûʲôˡ

ϱǱһϴˮóġ


012ľˣ

»ڣӵͷȴ¾ǴڼױԼļЬδδŵͷ
ѾѩһƬããһΣô̹ǡ
˿ϸſë̺ӣϵԼӣƤԺΡȥسӹģƸһֻûøǣ˺ųŪɽʵ̫ˣѲóġ
˫ַŵ߹˴꣬׼壬洫˵
ô䣬·߰ɣôͷվˣȥˮݱȲůůӡ
ϵ
ţΡᡰšһĸ
һ㻹ҿɶϰ˽ӵݣк£٣⣬Ͽ˾䣬£ôණ˲ǣ
ǽոɱĹЩĸʡˣڼ𣿡
˵ӼҽҲɱȥæˣɻûԷɣȥ
ΡҡͷǰԹˣĸæ
ϸЦҸյˮݲ衣
ŵʱϰѩ˳Ըȥ㣬˵ˡ
˳ƲƲ죬ûҴóԵģҲŲȥ
ϸһƣСӣô㣿
˳ʹȥ˸ӲѩţվԺķӣ£Сưͣδˣ
һڣΡæһס˳졣
ΡȻˣ˫΢У۵͸żֲͬĺ⡣
ľǡˡһ˼˻ƿ̺ů߳
˳ѩҵϡã˸ˮӡӣմЩѩ
ĿŲϣʡ
Լ˵˿ڳ˳ҲȻûоʹϢ˵ĵ
꣬Ǽʲô˵ʲôͣϲֹһεô˳һСӣôھ
ΡѾ߳ݣԺһĻ߽ɫ
ΣЦ˳ӻС˵ûִ磬һʶȻͷһʰ
ϻ˵꣬ԺǽϾͷѩţһϵĺӣһ˳ƨϡ
ͦ˳۵
üͷתϿԺǽϵԪЦ
ôСӣ
׼˵Щ˲̻ض˳ǣԪˣôݣôߣϸˤš
˵꣬ͱͱ˳ȥԪӲ
˳ˣϣվŲ
Ρ߹ϣԭȥԪСҰˣûأĸһʶȻȥСһúõ
ҭ˸ʵʵ
˳קһѣԪңô
ұ죡ϴק˳Ūˮ
ԪʯͷԺǽQΡǰһ۲ԶվŵԺɶ
Ρʣ飬ȫˣ
Ԫ˿ָ䵽ߣû˵ƺ裬С˵ģ˻Сȥ֣ŴŴؽס
񣺡
𾪵ʯСģΡ֮ǰྡȥ۵ȾЦϲô㣿
ͷҲǣͷҲǣһĿЦá
ʮ꣬иĶӳƨɺ溰ף
֮ǰһֱԪɵܵܿġ
Ԫ˳Դ˲ֱۣǸģĻġ
ˮ˲裬Ρ
ûᣬ¸æؼҡ
˵Ρˣϴ־ͽȥ͡
¸֮ǰһֱսսΡϾѧʵˣ˵һһ䶼÷ĥܳڣﲻЦ
ѹܴ
ò׵ȵ¸˿˵ȥЩⶼϡ
ţ֮ЩСδʺ͸һȴûȥæ⣬Լݣӵ°õ˫Ьó׼һΡҪߵʱĸûȥԽţʣĻü

˵ʱԪҪ˳Ķѩ˶˳ľܾ֮£һС˾ˡʾԼԳغ飬ʮֵغʮֵ飬λСľ˾˸ѩ
˳ǰͷǿ׵ѩڵס
Ԫı£رϳԿϳΰ񣬰еޡ
˳
ķڷľˣ


013ף1

μҸǰ¸ϲע⣬˸Ρõ˫Ь
˵δͷ쾭£Ͼͷһ⣬ЩĨû˼ڵĸǰֱӸΡֻ͵͵
ΡԺָָĽţȥԣǲϽţþûźǰġ
˵ĲΡǹЦݣҹҪȥسǣʲôã
뵽ÿȥϼʱҲĵҪʲô
ΡԼԪʵǲİɣ
֪ΪʲôˬشӦȢоõᣬǴչѧĺӣϸСġ
۽ޣҡͷʾʲôҪ
Ρ
Сϵıǿ棬˫ˮ۾ƺڿʲôûбֳܺõڲסˡ
Ρ̧֣ȥͷѩ䣬ȥɣ
ϵص˻СӦ£תݡ

س·ϣΡƳһ˫£Ķӣ֮ǰ¼ңιʻ죿
Ԫ˵ǹСסʱͳ֣ӺףЩΪ˵ôͷһع˽Сס
Ժˡ
ԪûȷǴûеĸ溰ֵĻᡣ
ͬʱǸӡжڵĸûʲô飬ڵ֪ҪȢʱȻȻͰѶĸĿתƵ˺ϡ
˵ҲҪãſĸԸعסҪ˱ŮˣⱲӶһóڡ
Ρ𴽽ǣϲ㵱ף
Ԫһʮ˵Ǳ˵㣬ҽһµĻӦûܴպϰɣ
Ρ

ûʹΡ˫ŵĳߴ磬˫ЬСһһ˫һ˫ɣܺù˫ɡ
ΡԹԺ󣬵ȷһ˫ƫˣһ˫պúʡ
֪߻ףûûȥġ
ȳףеǻᡣ

ǰǵصĴѩ
үͲһĿˣزæ¸ţĻմߡ
˳Էʱ䣬żǣʱǴԼġ
أױ׶Լ壬²̸̣˵μ٣׵ģõԼ壬Ǯ򲻾͵ˣʮ꣬ɱΪôҹϹ۾ˡ
ϰͲһְеʡǮŴЦе˵ģǼԼĺÿ˵ˣԼĲⲻǣ
һ֪ԼǹΪСֶŮģֻСӼҵ¶治ö죬ȴẰȥԼϱֵһЩ
֮μͷ߶ⶼ٣ûԣ
ɩİ£ϣ󡢻֮ǰеļױˡ
һգȥһλʮϸͷ
ű֣񱾸úһ̡
⻰
ƺţġũ𣺲С
κʱһˣԽˣ
ԭֺڳ󣬺Ѽĸ۸Сá
δǿףһʱŭԹ޼ùδ򣬴ۻټ׵
ûת۱Ķļĸ˲ޡ
һֺڳ罿ӵСȻԵ죬Բ走еıˣ
˶ðײ˱ˣҰײѾϴɾӣˣ
Ⱦˣ
һҪþıֶȢؼң
Ե·ϵӣˮģ˾ˣ
ӣߣһΣ


014ף2

ȻͣȽȴһͷڴǳģºӴˣĸߣã˫ȫϲϳܼ˼ҵӰ
һ׹أõ˼ңǲȥġ
ԭϲ¼Сĸ½ϻʱǾ̣ҲͦǸ󷽵Ѿͷ
ԲŸ˵Ҫޣ̾Ҫͷ
ȥ˵ʱ·ϻĥô˵˼ӳųųӣûһС
Źս˵ļϱ죬׷׹غ̡
ھǰѾϴ£Լģߴ÷ֺϣԽԵ˽С磬ŰӨӨСˮƵģֻۡ
̻һ£˵Ѿͷ⿡ģֱһģ̳ġ
ͷһ˵½ϣתͷ
̾Ҫǻڣͷ¾ֲˡ
䣬ѹȵݸһԵĴӣʼͷ˵˺Щ黰
ȥдǸզզˡ
֪Ǹ¶ģſĸҧ䣬»֮ҹź๫̡

μسϲµİӣ̧˻
ɢһ˿ຮ
ڡ
Ρ¼ڣںĸͳԣ˵ʲôǲ̬ȣҲһ˿һ˰ĵƽͻȡ
վԱߡ
ͷ£Ϳһ㱡֬С̣οֺ졣
˿ڣ˵ģΡ˵ˣֻʱ򱻴Źȥͷ
ųسС˼ˣֵ˼
񱻴ø米⣬ǵ˵뵽ô˫۾Լϣ÷ɿ졣
̣ºӴ嵽ϺӴ壬·Զû͵ˡ
Ӻϵŵȡ
ţηСֶԪֽϲ
ϵο
ľûʲôӦҪǸϼһ˵ԼҶӰֲãİֺһתˣԱ˳ŵĲŻͬ¡
Ѿ˽
μ峤һ߳˿ʼء
⻰
С͸ϱսǲڵģϱͬģһ¶Ӳ^_^˫ߣڣֲ


015ף3

ݹأ·ϲϡ
Ρӹ˺ĳӸˣҿͷϵϲ
л裬лұɩημüλվһԿͷµɬۣһ˫ˮ
δѣҲԿóǸʮʮӡ
ΪͻȻ⣬Ũ̵ܾĽë΢΢˲ֻ˾Сá
СһСŵĽС
ǴʱˣΡȢԼģ˳û˻š
Ͼһ̫ƭˡ
˶Ϊ飬Щ޴룬Ρ͵͵ɤ˰ɣ
񲻺˼صͷǰ˵ӳҲԶˮδ
ΡݸȽ˷ƣһȥԷ
СطĻޣûг˼ôã·˸ͷ͵óƣ¹ܲܺȣҪſ˼˼
ͷΡ
๫ˣһų쿡˫۾ӳ⣬᲻٣΢΢һ
ƤźۼջߣԼ¶ʧ̬
һԵĸǿӣѾЦųȥϯˡ
лεȲżܵ·ɹơ
Ρûǣת¹
ȳ米ʱӣ¶΢͹ǣʮ㡣
Īģ˾ú
񰲾ţҳһްʱġ
ҹ㻻ٳȥ
ΡްݵԾţ󲽿ż㡣
ԼЩļ£ˮް
ʱȻΡվ⡣
ǻƻ裬·ճԺϲɫ
ûѧôദǳһĨЦʾԼ׼ˡ
ΡĿתƵֱƺΪߵĹϵ̫֣Ķһ£ԭֲڵ˫תüĲչɿ߰ɣ
ӦǼʱûмǵÿࡣ
ͷЩů̧
ϯϣһүǳɼλϱһӶֱˡ
񲻻˵˾֪ʲôģǲ績˷㣬ȻԵü
лֵƸʱۼ񣬽ջǱݺݵؾһѡ
ģСɩɩ̫ˣÿ˵ۿۣҪǻ˵ɲһס
ڼʱѧȾƣʱΡ˵ġ
µطƽʱûʲô֣ѵμҰϯڵô棬־þòɢֱҹǲ½½ꡣ


016ҹ

Ρ˲پƣǾٺãҲ˴룬ġ
·Ρϲϡ
ȥݴˮëŵľʪӦ̧ͷΡ˫տڵӡ
֪ʱѾ
ƽչǺ˾ƣͫȾһ˻㱡
ҹǶ𣿡
ΡʱǽڷĴ˳סݵ󣬺ž⡣
һʽƺԼ֣ƺűħܿ츧ƽŮڳ޵İżҵǷ
üǳЦҡҡͷ
ӵһμ濪ʼ͸һ̤ʵصĸоǷ̤ʵؾԼߣһ㶼¡
Ρ𴽽ǣӹëԼȻӻȥ赹ˮѾ§뻳
һͻͻͷһۣò񻰡
ΡָỬüۣݹԣ㺦£ұ㳤󡣡
ʮ꣬˵˵СҲСˡ
ֻǼܽСԹ⿴һ֡ûСĴ
ûйײԲ÷Լ󣬵ԼӦ뷨
ǸʱֻѸ檵˭Ҫܾຣȫԣ㲻ʲô
ΡԼ˶֣⿪
һΡѾͷ
ǳΣ˫ĶҪɬжɬ
ⷽ棬ʦͨıܣͣĴϲƬ̣Ѿҵżɡ
ҹ˪ϲҡҷ鷿յ͸

Ů£ǳ飬廹ϣĳ൱ġ
ҵϲϣŮѾ۵úۣ˯񾲡
Ρӣ߶Сϣ۵㱡
֪˶ãعὫ§뻳

ʱֺȼѾ˴
ºụ̂Ҳ֪żҲң͵
һ۴ϻ˯ΡĹţȥ׼ż緹
ŵſھͷˡ
ڰ࣬ϵĹɢŨζ
վ⣬øײİƵģ춼ûȫ㲻úôԼˣɶ
ʾԼ緹
ӿҲܲ³ͼֱӻָˣȥʹϱ˵ҿ̱㣿
Ÿϻ˷
Ρû𣬲ѾˣŽƺһ㶼⣬ǺЦ
ͷɥڴرߡ
ΡӺ汧סϻģ
Ťͷ
Ρ˯ã
ҡͷɲҡ
˵μλẕ̇ĺܣԼҪ͵û׼š
»飬Ҫ϶ÿ
ΡС˯ǾҶ౧
һۡ


017Ȧϻţû

Ρʵı۰䣬ʹò߿
һҹ´棬ö֮ľ볹
ûҹ֮ǰǷɬƺ˳˲١
ǸˣֻҪΡãŬ鷳Ϊ׸
ûԪţ緹ˣ
ԪĹϵһʱûתе۶ﲻڡ
ΡЦЦ޷мϰˡ
ϾڣܲԪǰֱ䡣
ƿţСηŸվԺɸӣЩߵηǰӹԼ
ηûãϸһСɩɩ˵Ѿʮ꣬ͬ꣬ȻȴҪСࡣ
ηЦʣɩͷһҹסǼңϰ߲
ûӦΡѾӺ󷽴ģ׼ʷˣ
η࣬ɫ˵ˣɩ»飬˯Ҳûɶ緹أȥ԰ɣ
ηһۡ
ηûʲô˼
ΡŽͣɩɩʣǳԹû
ηȻæ˵ѾԹµȥˣҲˣԪûԣ˵Ҫһأ
ΡףȻԪڵȣȥɣҸž
ôãΡ翴ηлҪ˵
ȥݣηŴսΡѹ磬¼ǲǻѱˣλɩɩǸͬģűһС湻ݵģר۲ݿУۼȦϻţûô֪˼˼
Ρǲæûٸ࿴˼ң
𣬺ø磬Ƿд͵˵λɲ

μҵĳЩ֧ųԷӡ
ȥʱԪѾͷˡ
ĬϵĽܹϵĸӹϵСһƺҲҪӦḶ́˼μҵķϣһסЩŤ
Ԫ
˵ǺӣԼòڡ
Ρ˵ˣְǶɲԪһСúĻҪһ죬Ҷ˳
緹ģһͷһࡢһ̳
μãõǴףճŨ¼ңҪźһ굽ͷҲԲϼٴס
ŵͷ˵ϣԪҧŵԼͶȥһɻ
ԪתתͻȻΪף»飬Ҿ졭
û˵꣬ͱΡ˹ȥӿΣ
С˼Ԫ죬ϲӣҾͲܷһ𣿡
ûǴһûš
ɷӽȥЩ䶼ˡԪֹȴȸղС˺ܶ࣬ǺΡӡ
ΡȦðȻǧ㶼ˣǽվڼҿ㡣
Ԫһ첻ͻȻͦϷӵġ


018װ

緹Ԫȥ˴ѧ
ηĹưΰʻ˻ȥʰһԺӡ
һҪȥسǡ
Ρ˼ȥ
ηȥ׵ţ˵Ҫȥߡ
ΡûܾȻҲ
ֻڼ˸ţ׼ʱ򣬾ͼڶϱѾųЦżˣϣ׼úСϱȥسأ
Ρһ
ϱ˳ˣҽҲҪȥسǣ˳·һ£
ºͶΡҲϺһֻǳĬƬ̱˵˾䣬ɩɣ
ηŲŲƨɣ
η̫ÿɫҲܲ³Сòôλɩӡ
ûӴϱ˵ǸͺӣֻԱ˵ñ˵ģ˭ҪǴϹһͣ׼ܸƴ
Щ񶼲ģĿǰȽϵĵǣɩӣԼԤоͲáΡΪη¡
Ρڣ￴÷
˵ùµǶϱ
Ӵɷû첻˵Ρ׵ģͷû˹죬쳶أΡܵһĲֵ
ö֮ԶˣΡȢϱηҲ˵˼ҡ
ϱҴмˣĵƦ˵μλû޵ģÿվڰײ
ǻ˲ʶηǶϱţϣⳤ฾һţһҲ֪ˡ
ǻ˿ɲὲʲôǿּñη˵ͰĿתƵ
Ρ๫׸Ȼ·Ȼķ׼ŭǼƦһͳذףֱӴΡ˺öѪ

عѾ亹ʪɫҲ׵ò񻰡
ɩզˣĲ𣿡ηЩԾæʡ
ɨһۣţѾ̣ˡ
ϳΡԣعͷ˵ļУôˣ
˲ϱģ˳ƾŶӣװۡ
ηŻˣ磬ͣɩɩˣ
ΡᱧȥʱԼϱֹ˾䡰¶Ťͷֱֱϱһ񣬶öϱֱë
Ρӷɿ죬񱧻ؼɵϣ׼ȥУһס֣ҡҡͷ
ΡֻСһ֮ᣬ£ȥ
֪öԾʾԼѾûˣˮ
⻰
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ŮΪɤӻ˲ͨųֵģͬ첹ĻܣԣҪκɤӵĻܾ͸ʧˡɤӵ⣬ǿ󿿿Ŀǰרע»^_^


019ȥ鷿ҽ

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ΡһۣĿᶨɩɩ˼ǣϢһͺãС
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η˲ô࣬װˮһţٰΡƳȥԺǲС˶ۣҪǵĻ͵ͷ˵ǰҲ۹Ū˵ƫҩﻹʣЩɩɩҪʵڳŲסȥҩһȥͼЧ
ҡͷһĨЦȴգҪܿھͺˣ˵ʲôҲ㣬ÿζһȦͲ岻˵ߵ˶ŵġ
η˼ΣҡͷЩƣԭԼɩʾòŰΡ
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ʵ˵Լһ¶ûУûҪԴ֢С룬ջǷ˽͡
ⲻȥسǣΪɩͬлǱģ룬ΡʹڴƳĬ
ĽǶȿǱģһ㰵ӰǺԵ
񽫺󱳿ڴͷϣС֣һһдĸ֣
ʮָݣƴ·̣ÿһδ·ܸ滮һۼ
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̹ԼŲͬѰԤУ̫޷֪ԺʲôӦ
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СдֵѾ˻ȥͺ˽ĺ±ýߴɴЩµؿһۣȻֱö˶һ׼ѵĹģ
ƤֿɰСΡϵı˲ɻ
˵ѹûҪ˼УҲ׸Ȼˡ
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020ְֽѧ

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ΡСѾͷͷɥ±ʣһëʣдѾܲˡ
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ΡһۿС˼ʧЦɲÿ춼鷿š
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ΡľˮСַŽȥţʼ߷һ֮¶Ҫиѭ򽥽Ḷ́οǶ飬еʱ̣еʱѧһֶܰȫûҪôǿԼˣޣβѧ

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Ρ˵ûȥɣû
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֪ĻѣηûƣͷԷ
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ִӣǹ㣬ҲϸغȥЪţҲһѵ⣬Ҳһѵ⡣
տʼϰߣ˷ͦиԣ˵ˬԼǸĶĺ̫ˡ
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֪СҪصڼû
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϶Ų˽һ䣬ͬ˳ɵСӣҲлӵСӣɲö˵ǰɣԺ˳ҪòԵģл˵˵ݵͨͨڣ˳ǰڼҾͳҪȥ飬ɼܶģֻҪлӶµ㹦û׼Ժ˳ҲܿŻʱɲŽˣ
¸
ɫÿ
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021㣡

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Ԫͷһӣ׼ȥ棬ߵſڣͼڶų
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ԪɶӣզôͻˣϱһЦģ
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ԪûŶϱݡ
죬ϱôװ
Ԫ˳򣬴߰˸ӡ
صظģ԰ɣ
Ԫ֣ҲֱһľϿ˿ľͿʼƤ
ѾͷŵζŶվſڲֱ̿ˮ
ϱְ˸ϿתͷԪԪǸòã
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ϱæȥСҪϲԼԺڶң󡣡
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һ׿͵ǰ
һȥ͸ү˵ɱϸ㲹ӣ֤ðװֵġӴɫģﻹû̱㣬ԱԺҪ˸СģԺĻ½ŵĵض
һڼԪ˰ԼС~

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ϱһصļǣøۡ

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뿪ġ
죬²ʲôûĴþҪ˵ʲôϹȥ
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ſڵʯӵԪ۵ɻ
ʱ˽ӻûѧɣ
ԪعͷΡһ죬ֲҳȥ
ΡԪǰԭ򣬿һۣѮݡ
ԪһԹΡʧЦʱ磬ȥл̼
Ԫȥȥ
лǾǸѧʷΡԪ֮ǰͱŰأӰ
οлԼ˽ӣԪ¸Ӵ򽻵

ʱСһӵıȥлҵţϡ
⻰
ƼũҺޣϲ๫졷
飺ޱǻĸʢʦһԽɽˮĴׯ˱δͶԾСá
⣬ƾһ˫֣ʯɽ
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㣡


022

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лվſڣЦӯӯؿΡ񣬡Сզˣ
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лŹ˵˹٣ȴҲˣܿ˽ռѧÿ޺ѧТҲ㹻Һˡ
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лЦҸ裬лСӣŻһŻ
лڣվţ߾ԪžϺ񣬸лƨɺݡ
Ϊ˹л飬лЩûٻӣȫ˴ʡģÿǼӶȥ޻أ·лԹˣΪû֡
лοɲΪɩּңÿϱмѶա
лǰͷһ쿼еţ֮ѧ꣬ȥμԣ˰
лԭҲûָлжϢ˲룬ֻҪиŹ˼˰˽ÿյ޺ТͲǰͷôϰǮ
ߣʿǧĶİĶŰʮĶ
˰㣬ÿʮĶʮӡ
Ͷףл£ôÿܴлһ룬Ҳӡ
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Ρ㲻ˣ
л뿼ֻûٹҶѧҾѰ˼ţһ߿˽ӸɣһѧһȥʡԣҪҾͲˡϾСģ춼ҪԷôڡ
˵ţΡһۣҪ˵絹ǿȥԣĲѧָһһ׼
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ƪ˰Ķ°ĶΪİĶ
ڹСգйʿ˰ԺͶףǾ͸˹Ȼ泯͢ȥհյ˰յûг͢ĸߣôһũﵽ˼˰ĿģʿӴл


023עķ

лҲһۣЦ˵ɩţ¶ȥǰãسиԼǺ磬صڰ·ҪʰʱҸմʡԻϣÿһ˶࣬ñٿŲŰǰ˸ܡ
лȻЩͬ飬˵Щ˵ȷʵãͷϵùѾǼҳ㷹ˡԴһֱڣ綼˳˳ģûʲôӡ˱Ź֮˵ҪǸϣҵԸǱɩ硣
ãֻ֪ʶΡѾаܹüֻˡ
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ȻһеǰǣΡߣ޷Ԥе¼ݡ
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Ρĳ־ֲײֵġ
룬Сһ˵Ρעķޡ
עù˲ǰ·
ע˰ڲǡ
Ա˴Ҫøոպá

ΪƣԪɹлӵ꿽ʣлʱ˿
Ӿ;úЦ
Ρһ·ûô˵صԺǲﲻ
Ρ£ζض毺õϣֻ룬ǸСǡ
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ΡʱͺظؾˣԪڳû˵ԭ򣬵лΡΪɷ򸾡
ǶԷ޵ĺⲻĸ񣬳Լˣ˾󵽿ϣҲԹԴġ
Դˣͦϧ
ҷǿٵϣԺû׼ܹ˺ֻͨǣԪĴӰʵ̫ˣοǴɷ»Ρû³ԡ
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Ρȥȥƿľ
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024

ûȥǵƿԼ͹Ϻӣеʱ򣬽δжá
οǷޣıԣһãȻס
Ρ̧֣ͷ࣬
ˡ
ס
Ρ˵ƣҹûֻ§뻳ﱧš
ֱϣû˯˹ȥ

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ζɱͱ˯ţ±͵һգ޷ˣƼϱڿϣһզˣ
ϱ¶Ͳþҧ˵ҼԪ磬߰˸ҳԣСӶ̰죬û׼ԺܳԼԸۼˣ˭ǸС˵һصļǣҼȫԹҲûųƨһĨˣҺϲۡ
ζⲻͶʳԪˣûӣûˣԹ˭
Թ˭һԹ˭Ҫƫֻǣܲģ
ζͷְۣͻͻ̫Ѩ˵ٰʮˣ⼸ԪףҲûʲôԣƫβݵģɶأ
ϱըëɩǿǿģԪ˭ԸǮŶԵɩﲻǮ
˵⣬ϱһȭڿϣҾƶˣŶҪˣȻɰֲãӲףҪһж಻ТƵģǶ챻ͷ˸ˡ
ɲûТôζֹּôЩ꣬Ҳûȥ߶ء
˵ɶϱθ
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ϱûԼôõԶòɩǷݷּǮҲҪȥڣøԺ̫̹ˡ


025е

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026Ҿͽ

ϱƨɳסѾǼҳ㷹Ӽֲ֣ŤͷﲻסЦӣ˷Ƥˣιȥ緹ǴҲˡ
װӵݸţȥ˳ݣѾϤμҵĳʳɣֽ䣬ûͰ緹á
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ϴͷˣ˵ɽ࣬öȥתתû׼Ըüһ
߹ԪžˣƤվſڣһû˯ѵӡ
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ͲҾͽ飡

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⻰ӽϺÿ˲١
һֱĬΡǻѧֻɣԪѧòˣٴȥҲֻ˷ʱ䣬һȥѧʣܲܰ͹ȥ顣
ͣʡ
ΡףЩᣬҲڴѧתѧȥģԪ츳ѧúùû³ˡ
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027

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ΡŵԱ£ĸֱϣġ
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ΡķӦѾϰСѾͷĴĴ⣬ܿ˯ѴͷϵԺԸĨ
ָ¶ȣֱϴȦʱ˻յͷŶȣͨͨġ
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ͷ
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ΡСѾͷ˫۾ģ˸ӣָҹָ·ƣž˵ܾĻ
ΡĴǲСԴ˵㻹Сô࣬񡣡
ɿôǰȰˣ
ر
Ҫѧ֣ҪдԼϵĸǻãܰת˵ģ


028Ϊ

ΡһȥѧѾʦ̸ף³Ԫȥ顣
зʱӺηֻ
˵ѧѾͬ⣬üҪȥϣʮ²ܻһˣ
ΡѧҲѮݣʮһգһ²ܻˡ
ַˣ˵ǴӴûôԶҪסѧԷզ죿˯զ죿˸ϴ˽ѧʳòãõĻ㻨ǮԸ򵽺óԵĲ
ΡüģҪǲģȥѧһСԺչԪ
Ӳɣ˵ֲһ죬һȥǼ̫꣬󣬡ҪԩǮԺӣøԪ㻨ǮܶڳԵأ
ΡЦ
ŵ⡣
Լˣͷ˶ֻ֪Ƕ٣һغԪغΡԸԼٳڶҪѺõүҪƾôŵĿܸʱӼȥ⣿ŶӺʹӶҪӣܶٶܲòĲܿ١
ԣʵμҶǮӺʹϻǮ

ϵǰģԵһͷӣ˵ƤŸԪѥӴ֮ͺΡһ飬үذӸɱˣЩȥݣʣµ׼һȥϻǮ
һ֪ԼҪȥѧԪżߣ˫ӣһơ
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Ԫӣ񣬡Ҫȥѧ𣿡
ͷ
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ǵͷ
Ρ£ԪΪѵ˵ȥ


029ֵĸо

ȷ˴³ߣһʱ䣬ֻʣСˣææϹŮϱæ
챻ѣԪͷŵĴһȫµĳ
ΡǴ鷿ӳ顣
˵ѧĿα򵽣ͷ鱾ǽոµģ̫Ǯ
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ôһʦϿεʱСһע⣬ѧ
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030Ȱ

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ǳԱΡˮ壬î˾îͷˣ֪ɶʱ˯ȥġ
Ρ±ʣͷԼ˯СޣӿһĨȣֽϵķ˿󣬶Сģûг
ԺиоԼ˱ĴϣԵüȴŲƤںܿʶڱϢΡϤīζŽ䱸˯ȥ
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032½Сү

ӱתעͷ˵ˣԲ
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ηæԪֿ죬СùãҶˡ
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ΡмȻûã
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ǵѧͷһ죬ʦһ˵ΡĶӣͱ˿ţ÷⡣
żϿδʦãŵĶҲţԪΡô꣬徭ʲôģ϶漰˼ѧû׼ǹҸ棬ٴһЩֱ³ģֻܵԪһ·гΪѧĻƾˣûҪܡ
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ڴС˵Ԫ˵ܴ
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033ج

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ͷǰ׾үսսعȥͷˡ
Ρûֱֱ¬ޱ˵ǰٸ˸ʾ˵͢Ҫڴɽú󣬴տ󹤣ʮǮһ죬ȴõϢ˵ɽú󲢷ǳ͢׼ɽôˣ񶷵̫ү
ڵϵ׾Ҳүֹ
¬ôˣ۵һ˿ȴطĸٵĴ˵ѣǵ鱾⣬ܸǽͷҲǣ
׳ŵӵܵø˵ɣǼҾָǵ㹤ǮԷأûˣⲻǶȫ·𣿡
˷׷׸͡
¬ͷ˵ĶԣѾҹʾͷһյõָʾ˵ǼڲĿ󹤣ߣÿ˼ҷʮӵĸλҪУͷ˵
½ǲеεģɿɽֵʵ̫ˣΪ˶ס󹤼ǵ죬òʱı⣬¬ÿ˼ҷŶʮ
ξͲ½Ϊҹζ࣬Ѿҹˡ
۳Ǽλүڣ¬Ȼһ븧𣬸Ϊÿ˼ҷʮӡ
׾Ƿ׷׳Ĭˡ
ʮӣڵʳԷƶ˵ܳԺüꡣ
ʹ˽ӣǽӿܻùЩȥǵò𣬻пܳϹ˾òʧ
ֻƽͷգү
˳Ρ˶Ŷȥ츧ˡ
¬һվԱߵΡüëλС磬ǲҪӣ뱾޹أ
ΡЦȻʮһôʮ͸̫үЦɣֻҪɽࡣ
òһս嵶üŭĿؿΡһҪ˵ģ
¬һòļߵΡǰЦˣȰ㣬𾴾ƲԳԷƣúǳ͢ģ˭Ҫ˵Υ棬ﳯ͢ǳ˿һأҪǸ֣Щ˾˭һӶ
¬һ䣬׾Թ޵Ŀͷ׷Ρϡ
զ¶ñ˺ǰɣ
Ǽҳ϶û¶٣ָ㸧ҪǸҸӻˣҪÿ
Сӣ߰ɣ͵ĳಡһˡ

ΡТȥʮ׾ͻȻ˿ڡ
޴ָժйһƶũʱõѡϢˡ
ǲΪֻعʵǵǿȨǰ̫΢
֣ô֣˻Լø״³Ƕԣٶǲʶ࣬Ҳ޴Ϊ
Ρǵѡ񣬿ؿڻǶһ
ǿȨݽ棬Ҫʱ֮ҪʱȨѹ֮
ʮһ滬֮

Ρصţϡ
ɥס֣д˼ּ֣ǣ٣꿪ʼȥμӿԣ㽫ȨͿԱκ뱣ˡ
Ρ˫ˮң
Ȼţһ·ġ
񴽱һĨЦݡ
á
סС֣ش֣ضɴࡣ
ȰôΡͷһʽӦ³ԡ
룬ŹͽһĻ͸ģͬʱһ˵Ұĺͱ̼ˡ

ϵʬûٳֻ¹ڣΡ˴س˹ľȥ
ãڵĹľǰ˸
۹һԣ棬ϱ޵üģ
ΡТͷкŰæˣȻ⴫һɣۼզˣ˭¶ˣ
Ρ͵ػعͷ
⻰
˵ҾȷΪٷְ٣˼ǣã׼ȷ¼֮ǰһ㶼ԤвֻŮĹңؽ
ô£ժ¡衱ñӣûˡ
⣬Ϊռ䵶Ƭǧ壬ӸҲ棬ͲˣףλСŮ죬ôôգ


036ɥԲ

ΡһɤӣԺһˡ
׻¸Щһȵ
մɽϿ̧ľлҸӵɴ۾
ǰ˵μǸǷ׷ױ졣
˵۾ͷ
ֻһ̴ֲϵ߾ȣϱ¶ˮʪЬǻֻͣҰãǸմġ
ͣΪ׼Ĺײģվͷʷɶ¶ˣ
ģǣ
лø²񵶣ߵ⣬ؿϵ϶磬㣿
ϵЩ㲻״½л˭¶ˣ
лøϵһܵһʵʵĴ˴ڣһƳԺͷİ׻׳Т£ʱΣû˼ڡ
Ρ߹ȥɽ𣿡
ǰϵͷ֮ǰȷڿɽֱƭˣͺ׼ӳⲻɽ̮ʱɢˣڻ㽯ҵĴɣҲڿɽɻһҲܴǹطӵλȥס죬˵ۼҵ·ˣҵһʱ·޺ٻҷĲ£ֻɽ·ġ
˵ţӵݸΡֵպ֮ǰŵĲ޼вֻӣ˳ˡ
ΡӣЩһѾ
ϵ˵һĨᣬ˳
ˣһ£漴ֺֺЦͷӣû¶Ҳ˵һȫ˸Ĩģզģϴϴ
ϵޣûȥ٣Ϊɽ¼ϻˣ˼ݡ
ڣһĵ춹ġ
ϵĻʲô׵ģ
Ϊûˣڰأ
ⲻǻ𣿡棬ϵûƤ˵Щ˵ĺЦкǣңûһƽôҰæһ
׼˵ʲôɵ£æźá¸߳ϵиеһҡ
ԶԶԣæźáлøİƣѴȻ϶ˣ۾ٲٵģѶ˰ɣһԡ
˵꣬ΡаֻýӹȥЦǺǿϵһۣ϶磬һ۸úúһѣ
ǣǡԴǵϵͷ
ϵת磬ɻҲ˾ûĹ򣬾Ͱøˣײ˳ȥ׳׻˵һѻˣ֮ΡóұڷˣһϵûôѸϣŰ˸ӭȥǲηͭȥӼҸ˺ü⡣
ԭصɥܿӭϵԲ硣
⻰
ƼѾϰġȫҪס
װģһɣҶ
ɷʡ½簲һ䡣
һת½簲˷ˣÿɰ

ҶǸŮå
һᣬǰҶȦС͸ԾȺԱһߣ˺Ҷ֤ϸڵĴʦʦҵ÷ˮ
Ҷһò½簲֪ܵ
ܣ
ǺǣûţʹåûУ
½簲ģ˼£ҶץҶĸ̣


037ɽԲϸ

æ˶࣬Ҷûߣɱӵɱӣ˵ˣ⡣
һæţûԺƮζֱ̿ˮ
С¯ըӣų⣬ܼϴһĹվڶݷºлø˵
ǣ֮ǰΪʲôûԤеڿɽˣΪû¡
Ҫ֪ûµԼԤвģǰֹ๫Ÿɥˡ
Ҳãغúüţ»ͬ¾Ͳؾˡ
лһ̳ӾƣѧТ˽˳
˳ϻŤŤĲϽȥֱϳһͺԣſˮߡ
лһˣȻ븾˼ƽЩ˵ԼҲкӣļҴ˶ô޵ġ
˶Ͳô¶ˡ
Է˶࣬겻ϱؼȥãװһôѾѾ϶ѾĸŮ˳ûպϵĻ
ϱһ򿴲˳žͿˡ
֪¼һ굽ͷԲϼƶũЦһ˳׼СֵܼⲻɱɽԲϸͷ̣ˡ
˳ϱﻰ䳰ȷֻ졣
ϺڳѿŶϱɶ˼
¼ɼңֲǶˮˣ
ۣ
ϱĸ֣ԼѾͷͽԺš
ԭأû
˳ﲻߣ˳䣬զˡ
ҧȭͷ˵ˣؼң
˳ͱﴫζĲУһˣϸɣ˶žҪޡ
ӳʱĸվͷһզ
ϱֱ˦ˣһ룬ŮҪμϱҪÿ궼ɵТͲܸ׼ĸ˺ǳ˳ǣ˵ǼҶϱ˵ͷʲĸͲȥռλˡ
꣬ɫܲÿ
˽ԼǸʡĵĵùϱ˵ı
Ȼô¼λС˵Ҳ׼ҹϵû¶Ҫ߶ģ˵˻ҲҪ˵ôϹȥĳϣǸøһ͸¶
Ц˵λãĸͷϾܳԷˡ
Ƕĸ£ڵسݣϱըӣһԵĴѾѾһŸӳԵѾСԲˣȴҲֱˮ
ɶûˣˣֺֺǣ
ϱԹⲻǵۼұ͸óԸԲ˵ѾͷûүүˣҾţүúþ۾ۣԪڣöҲûģɲֻǼѾͷ𣿡
˵Լˮ
Ӻ֮ǰ˼ӣԼŵŲŲ
ϱըͣ۵ô󺰴УѣѾͷؼĨҩȥˡ


038Ȼô

ηһֱԱţɩǹ͹ըŪ˶ɩģЩŵһʱ֪˵ʲôãֻ۾ӣ
ӻѣת˸룬һ׺⣬һ⣬ըըװͷݸηȥǼСֶŮٸɩû³ۣϲӣҶƽӴԲȣɵãһͽŵͷˣ磬˭
ηûҶ໰ӹ룬ֱӶȥ˸ڡ
ϱʯϷ˸裬ƨˮĨҩ۵ֱߺߣﲻʮ
ηʱü˶ϱһۣȰɩɳİɣˣʲô˵ʲô˵Ҳִ֪磬Ƥһ͇NࣇN⵹ʲôӣֲǲǰ˵ЩùͷĻ˭
ϱŤͷװЦһ£γϵˣ۵õ
Ƿ˰
ϱηĴ롣
η͵СѾͷ͵Եģ˵ɩȻˣͲٹȥæúøҴš
ϱȻûԵηȰͺ⣬вңƽۼҵĴϲ£ô˶ڸڳԷҪǲ¶棬զ¶Ͳ˵л
ηǺĺ⣬ɩ˲ʶôûƢҲŪ˻𣬰ʯһţҪȥɽҵ϶磬ûȥɣǶɩɣ
ϱĿ˸£˵ǰЩ꣬ǼѾˣ֡
ηÿЦöȥȵʱɩû˻˵лػˣ㵹ͦԸ𣬻˵ʲô㲻¶˿Цʵɩͷּҳˣ¶¶棬˭ͷȥϾԼû㵱¶
μô꣬ϱͷһؼС˺Լ˵ԿǶѿˡ
ϱڵĻᣬηֱ»ϯǮɩģɩҪԣȥɩɣ˵ûá
ϱ뵽ղڸڳݣǹӺݾʱۡ
Ǹ˵СưͣԭΪֻǸӣûȻôݣ
ûʮǳˡ


039

ηʱ򣬳Ѿæˣ˶
ηֱŸһȥ
˵棬Ӳʲôֻ³Է
η룬͵͵һԱߵ񣬰ľ
Ҫǽ벻λƽ￴СɩɩȻǸѪԵģ͸СèһҪǲڻ͹˳۰ҪǲСĲȵβͣըëצӣ㼸Ѫ۲ݡ
η룬ΪСɩɩ˵ԭ򣬰һֱһ۵Ĵ
ηһֱڳԼϿȥ΢΢һĨЦɾִ棬СϸƯʵ޷ղڳըëֻèϵ
úóԷɶأӳη
ηջߣͷȥûʲôθڡ
˵ǳ˸ԲҲߣྡ
¸˾һٲ˵ľԣ궫ҳңĭӺɣĵؼʱôЦֱȲгּۻ۵Ļ֡
ϲ˶ĵططһ˰ѻ⳶Լ
˶ԷһۣǱˣý
λμǿ˵ģǼϱŶüˣզƤûţҪӹ⣬ɩֻܸҿڣʶר˿ֲã
ﲻãԴμңЩҵĸ;ûͣ˽²֪˶ӣ˵ЩĹֻŵĸ׼ȻǺõĥЦ
Ƥһ̧Ÿˣ̲˵ɲ˶Ǻøģϴ£϶ʹˣȦĸͣλĪѣ
Աһ˱ﲻסЦ
ͷ̥²þͻ˶̥жͲס߲մ˱߶
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Цһʮ˴壬沵˺ȥˣһûҼвƽһҲ⡣

һ˷׷꼰Լ
ʮ˴壬Ҫ˵˭ÿˣǷĪˣһ䣬ҹ
ĬĬţ̿ˮ
˼ҵΪ棬˸ǰЦû˵ôԼȫˣ


040ϱ⣿

ϾμԱߣĿܵȫ̡
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ǰܾϾˣһſ˭ҪǸ۸Ҹһ״һöԷ̡
ʶӵġ汾¡ϲ֪ɶˡ
۵춾Ȼμλ͡
̯ô׼ңΪԼҪǵڱôһͨ׼ֱȥ
ϱ񵥶̸̸Ρæ˳͵ѧԪһ¶ƣΪ
ɢϯҲ˲ϱģҴææ˳ȥˡ

ߺΡη˼ǰϵġʢǰú˵¶ͷʰӣ߹ȥ
Ťͷզ
Ρԥһ£˵˵ӵ¡
һʼӻûӦ˳ʣ˭Һӣ
˲ʶʲôͣϵĶΡ˵ɶ
Ρ꣬ûҪӡ
һ񶼱ζˣθߣɶ˼⻹⣿
ʮ˵˻Ҫӣǳ
˭⣬ǱôΡȣ˿ûбƹľʧ롣
ӽĨ̻ϣһƨߺߵģҽˡ
Ρ˵Ѿ³ԣһ·ٲҪţʱҪӣ鷳
⻰Ϣе˺һһ֪þǸϲ
ɣղ˵ɶ׼³
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Ӹ˵Щģ
Ѿлø˵ˡ
һ룬³³ϱɶڼң⵱ŵզģ
ΡЦһ£˵˼
ɶ˼
زˣΡֻһһʮذʵ˵ı£˵ԤֻԤУԤǿۣһӺĲСĵ˿ƤԤе
һɣ˵ʲôأҺϰϱҲôġ
⻰զԽԽϱһô¶
ΡҡͷʧЦӶ׵ڣӶûʲôù£ʵͷҲ񣬲֪ұĵù²٣ǰұܿˡ
ӻԽܣǸϲֻ˵Ȣϱܰתˣû˵ϱô񰡣
Ρݸ˵ؿʱøȥһ·ϱ۵ģҪǸ˫ӣôԵ
ӳһۣˣ߶߶죬ʱұӦ³ķݶϣʱᣬȹ껹Ҫʱɱ߶


041Ĵ

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ΡѾ뿪ѧܶˣǰͬҪôߴߣҪôؼֻʣһʶл
ȥһлңлһ춼дʲô¡
ǰڴɷ򸾷ǰĲμӿƿԺΡҲûĹƾ⣬ôʱȥٿ϶һһÿλٵϲҲͬ
£ΡԼļ⣬˵ҪӭϿٵϲȥдֻͨл˽һʱ
Ϊƽصţ𾩳ӵܣǲԶ
ڼ۽ϣһСطũѧӾ͸ǲӽµӵܡ
۽խʶ̣дĶ㲻ĶȥƬƫ֮ӡ
£ʲˡ
лΡ⣬˼飬ǹغʥϹۼλĳժҪ
ΡҪ³л۶ˣһ˵˲ǲûƽСطģúÿҵһԣڣ̤ʵ
ΡĿ鱾ϣ˳ַһҳ˵̫ˣܲ˳ﶼǸδ֪
лü㶼³ѵǰ׼
ΡЦ
ȷ׼׼бµСѾͷ

Ρؼʱڴڴϳ˵ʲôɫǼȡ
Ρ߹ȥĸȻˣôȥ
ϿɲûȥμҸӸϣû뵽ΡΣһԼĿģֻ
Ǹɰеæ
Ρһۣû̫Ӧֿϣʲô£
ϵĥţл˽ǼëͷСӶûʲôϢģ˳ӸһôѧúãܲܰæǼ˳ҲȥѧԪһ飿˴طһصͬһã˳Ҳ͹ˣ϶úѧġ
ΡŸմлǶ˳£л˵˼䡣
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˳Լίˣͻؼҿߣ˵ˣлӶͷĺӣԡ
ΪԹлǸţտ˽ӣûʲôקԼҶúȳˣŮæ㻻طŮϵڣѧʦøӣ
Ρһֻۣ˵ѧǲֵģֱӽΣѧһԣﲻ׼ܻᱻ˻˳ûʲô⣬Ӵȥ
ԣ϶ʱưˡ


042ɣ1

˳ѧڻֻϵü֣дĸƵģ˵ԣܰл˽ſǸ㲻ˡ
û뵽ѧôѣҧҧЩģֿΡǰѧͷʦ϶ʶ㣬ĻܲǼ˳ӵĿԣ
ԪǸ첻ѧС쵰ѧͲԼҶӲУΡʦԪţ޵ܲɣ
ֱۡ
ǰʱûãŷ֣ﾹȻôûûƤĻɫ
˵ѧ֣ģƫԼǷǸţʲô˱˭ܵÿ졣
μȢϱϷҪҲ͹С£Ρһš
Ϊ֪һ˸ǰ͡ҼŮҼŮ̵ġ
ŮûһŮǽеȣʹʹƵġ
ղŵĻ˵ǷˣΪΡܾûһӦ£á
ϲʤҾ֪һûɶ¶첻ɵġ
ΡûлӦϵĻڿſˣĸݺȱɣ
æֿ֣˻ҾͲȥˣøؼҸ˳˳Ϣأɣ˳ɶʱѧ׼ŶҺǰ׼׼
ΡֻҪ׼ˣʲôʱС
úúã̫ˡϲɫӿŲºӴȥ
ΡԵЩơ
ܴ򷢵£ΪʲôƫҪԸҵ¶˻
ΡСѾͷ˵ӣᣬǣģ߰ɣؼҡ

û죬˳Ȼл˽ѧΡȥѧ
˵ѧʦʶΡҺܸӣֱӿţ˳ѧԾͷְϿȥˡ
һո徭Ҫʮӣ˳һǰΡ͸ֳ
ѧԺؾصش鱾ֱӽεģԱߵͬһһڷܺѧ߼ǣдǽһ˳֡
˳һԼǰ鱾ͷûһģһÿɶҲûװȥֻʣġ˭ģ
εƢʮºͣǰ˳ļ򣬿Ͽ棬̬ȶ
˳˳ǣ¶һĨЦ


043ɣ2

˸һ죬˳ͷѧﲻεƢãͬҲҲãذ򷹣̲ñӣ˴͡
ǽĿγ̣ôװֻ߳ŲסǴлýߴķĳдٱȥͷ
֮ܶһ仰ʦͬá
˭϶һЦеģ
˳һ򻢹ˣӴĶЩˣߵĶЦƣ
Ī}ûš
ʮպѧѮ
ʮ˳߬ëʣſֱð
⿼дɶ
һֶô⣿
˳ƳߵͬͬһһгкīʾͿд
ֻʣҲ·ؼҵϹӣԭشת
뽻׾ţǳΧôڷܺѧˣ־ûֻýĶһ˺ô󾢲֮ǰл˽ӣлĳֳϰٱ顣
ʾͰлӽ̵ֶظдʮ齻ȥ
߳ʱ˳󱳶ʪģͬкҲûӦһԵѧܣȥͰԸڱ˯˰硣
ڶһ磬ɼŰ
ͬԼȥ
˳ĥĥ˺һᣬ˶߹˲Ÿҳš
ѧ㳡ϣ·˶ܿ
˳ȥʱ򣬴ҿòˣֻʣˣǸ˳ͬģ಻ʶ
˳ҵ̬Ȼͦһ£΢Ц
Ǹѧ˳ͬƣչˣ£ѾƳԼֹβϣͬǻô΢ЦЦݾͱĶˡ
Էһ˸ûû˳ȫҲɳ˼ҷ𣬸۸ǣֻĹĵسѧܣȥʰ
Ѯݡ
ΡԪ֮ǰϾѾţذ˳һӻȥ
ΡʱԪվѧſڣСϲġ
ȽԪһԵ˳ֻдĸ֣Ұܲҵ
ΡԪʲôôˣ
ԪѮͷû
ΡЦͷǻԺҪǫ
Ρû˵꣬ԪԼ˻棬֪֪ѧͷŵسǡǡǾǾɶҲˣҿɻûǵһѮأǻ׵ڶûȥ
˳ԭͱѮŪĻ䣬ԪĻߵҸطȥ
Ρһ˳ϵİʣôʰôණ
˳ͷҲˡ
Ρû˵ʲô̧öϳ

˳ȥμңյھţȥˡ
ϼСʰ˻զ¶
˳˵ˣѧȥ
ϼˣɶ˼ȥʮ죬զʹȥˣ㻹ͬ۸㣿˵ʵȥ򡣡
˳קסӣȥ˵ǣѧʦƢͬҲͦദģԼôȥ
ȫ˳˼ܾͷ϶¶ҪȻԼҶӺö˶˵Ϊɶʰ˵ȥˣţȥμһˣһˡ
˳ϣȥÿϿһֶѮʱҲ֪дɶ֪ҪЩɶֶϣΪɶҪȥЩһϿΣ
ϼԪȥΪɶͲУ
ѧӣ˳ûԪ֣иŵټԪʾͲʦͬĴָǼֱǡ˼ҵĺӡ
һԼԪȽϣ˳ֱըëˡ


044Сϱ¼

ԪԪܱܲҸǰˣ
˳һɤӣϸˣðβŻعζôţ˼ԪǸСӵ۸ͷˣ
˳ҡͷ˵ûС
ˣ˵Ȼû㣬ͬҲû۸㣬Ϊɶú飿
˳˾䣬ǲϲ飬һ˯
⻰ƣΪѧȥҪˣòײ˵͵ѧôĵطȥѧʮ죬䲻ˣһզģ
˳ڱﲻ˵
ּ߶˵˳Ϊѧεĸ֣ǻһǸгϢģл˽ǰëѲ˸ϵȸ˿գҪȥһ֡
˳Ҫ˯ˣһ䣬ŵһµɶأ
ϵ˵Ҹɶǧ򻹲еϢôǮɶöû˵㲻ˣǼȫǰɣˮһأ
˳˷ƤҪ飬ŶԣٲҪ׷ٶټȵĹţѧ˵׷ܳԸǱ㲻ˡ
ҲûɶͷǻؼңڣôҰɣû˹š
ȴô롣
ǰոջңܾ˼˼ǳԵĴģž۲½вҲǾǶõģҪҲ˾٣Ժܾһ̫̫ÿ˹ҹ˰һɣţһȾһ磬ɶҲøɣ˲ñѬûͷֱ̿գû׼̿˵ǼҳλүҪǮ׸

˵˳뿪ѧⱲӶԲˡ
ǰϴֵΡǰû룬ôô߯ڡ
˳ܶ꣬ǻСǸʲôӣˣĸԸ뿪ѧ˵ԹΡûٴ¹
ѹӦ˳ȥѧʱôˬ죬ԭأ
һ룬;ú쬵ġ
ӦȢԼҲӦͦˬģ᲻Ҳɶеţ
Ρϴ֣תҿëͼСϱԼ͸ŹŹ֣Ǳ飬͸Ƶģôôζ


045ճëȺﶼ

ΡëԱ£ֱ߲ʣôͻȻң

񰵰ֱۣܲǲĿĵȢɣԼĿĵļ޹Ǹأ
ҡͷʾûʲôˡ
ΡëһȥϴĴĻ⣬ֱһȣ˳Ƶ˳£
ЦЦʵ붼뵽Ĺô쵽ģе档
Ρû˵ϸڣֻͳӣҵҪǲӦܺڶء˳ѧ£ĺˣһ۸һĺӣֻ֪Ѷˡ
ȸĸӣܲɫذ˳ϳ
ȻеĻҪڰ
ǰ¸˵ΡǸʵˡ
Ǿã˾ǸƤĵĴ󶹰˹˹ĵģʵϣճëȺ
СϱΪȫСѾͷʲôֻǾЦôô죬Ī˯}ûš

ԪÿѮݣӶҪһóԵĵţҲ⣬ǰηȥŹǻϣζƮԺѾͷ
ڰ׵Ķϱǹζǵֱ̿ˮֻѾ㵽ø룬ȥԺ͸ү˵ӶˣԿ⡣
ͷζһ⻰ϻسôĽѵûԣͲһأ
һ˵ϱϱ̹ĵطģ뵽յΣ̲סﲻңܲܲѾͷɣμҵŮү̵ƫһˮƽ
ζĿƵϣͣզȥб±ʹҴѾ
ȥȥϱһӣѾ룬ԺţسŸԺȥ
ӸհװŹǵӶͼϱŸţЦⶼûأӾ͵ȲҪˣ
ϱӵĿ죬ҪμҵķȥͷҪǲŶμҵأ
һ̤μż񣬶ϱûǧҲаٻأһ۲ӡľ񣬼ǳԲǴÿαڼЪּţ޵ҪȴƵģЦǽһα
Ƥȳǽ۶С
˵⻹־磬ͦ
ûҪϱ˼
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046Сħı

ϱ˺ã˵˼Ưתš
Ȩûͷ׷
Ҫһ߸ˣɽͷӳ棬ͷӲû죬ţð߶£лԺΪĺá
ôһ룬ûԼ̵ŮԺˡ
ӶûõĸվָժɩӵĲǣʾϱҲ
Ρϵı鵹ǺܵȻѾϰΪ׼¿ӣϹǰĿ룬Ҩ˰Źƹ˵ɽҩͦٶȵ㡣
ɲŸǰ˷ѣԹ԰µ
Ԫǵڶģȥ
֮ǰķүڣû֨ںǰŷſ˵СظģҲö׳ۼŹǵġ
Цؿ
ԪصţҾȥǼҳԻ
üȻûֹСħġŻ
μôãԶѾ˽⡣
ÿóԵģɩϲΪѾͷҪ
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ϻ˵ֶأɩӿɵãҪĺôȴûŵģȥ͵Ρ
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ͬûܹĶݣһ̡
񲻹һ⣬ɩӾѾŵ޼ɵĵزȽ๫˹٣ɩӻϼҴЮͼ
񲻶ٳ֪ٵܼ۵㡣
ҪԺװ׵٣͵óڶžһܴС¶
뵽⣬ع񣬴ԪԸһ
Ԫֱͷȥ鷿˰ĹΣɫھ˶Ժš
ûڴϱĿ޺
ԭԪȥԺζ˵ڼԼļϴΰϯͳԵòֻ࣬ʣֻģʱɱתתöļڼ⣬öɱһֻϡ
ֶӻ˵ˣζɾǲԸҲȥȦֻʾʾ
ĨӼѪϱʹԼµɱĸηζŤһۣʱһˡ
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⻰ֱϱķιϴˣǰһ󷢺ڣЩιȥ


047С

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ӿЦſ˾䣺⼦ضȥϣҲųڡ
ϱɵˣӶ˵ľ׮ƵĴԭأֱ㶿ӡ
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һԼҶ˰ѻһ۵ӷɹȥզģĻԲҵļ
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ҿ
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ͷǱȥҪԣ˼ҷҪܲѾ˼˵¶˵Դ
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ԺҲûζɰӳԷԸȥҳ˸룬ѹļ⼦ȫ̽˵ͷʯϣһһ˫ӾͿԡ
꣬ȹ⣬ֻʣһؼͷ
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꣬¼䣬˸ʾؿڶʮˡ
ΡȥԤоͲˡ
ûţֱӸΡ
ȥΪɽú¶Ρ̫үǰ¶Ρ֣¬֪ģûΡʲôģ
ؿʱ¬٣ڿѲʱ俴ΡϳľʱжֽţΡ


048֣ƭ

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μϼƶũµϵһѧЩգת˵ףǼҲֻǺ޹ƽͷգٶ
̧ȥΡ˳˼ûҴš
ڷﾲ˺һΡŻڣи㡣
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еʱԤлǰܶ࣬統ЩȳӺүʱԤжֵͦ磬㹻ʱȥ׼Ӧ
Ρ水ƻȥĿǰ˵ûʲôõԤУ˭ܱ֤ʲжʱͻȻأ
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ô˵̫үԸԼң
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ү붮УУιӴΪת棬պɺ¥磬̫үܴݹ١

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ֻһˡΡӸ˲ͷϵĺûԤеĻھͳȥá
ͷͻɤԭƽȶ

⣬ΡʼʩֱӸŵò˵Լүݡ
¬͵үһȻϲ˽Ρ
¬Щɵۣⲻȥɽú󰸷µǸСôүҵݣ
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СӺү׵ķϣ͹ҷŹˡ
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Ρ˵ԼֻǸģүΪת棬պɺ¥˷ݱ̫ү̫ү͸
װģ˵һѹٻԼ࣬¬šǿͷӦ
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049Ҽ

ʯϣﱧһǳӣΡ볡ǰ졣
ΪԷһسǣڸòԶĿջ˼䷿
ԭΡ˼񲻱عڿջУͬ⣬ûԤУҲҪţۿȫȫβشӿĲ¡
Ѿ˴ܴ󣬻䣬С졣
Ѷ˫ַŵ߹˴꣬ӳԡ
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˴һĺɫװ彣Ӳ񲻴κѵصıϢо
˵ĿǱˣʲô
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ؿһ峡ÿһǰ볡ƻ轻
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ֻһۣΡջĿ⣬ǰߣȴû뵽һȥ·
ΡͣǺ⣿
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Ρ֮ǰüͷ壬ϣĿ˵ΡܿΣ
ûҪΡӱǵʥϹۣԣФǷԵһ֡
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ҪԸռǼϼһ͵Ӳ̵ģ˭ͷ˭˭̳ɸ˭ù
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053ֱ׳

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ΡȴЦ׳ɵĴæû׼ʲôöζûУѵسǣҸǸĲ
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ΡͦĻƺҪѾ׼ȥų̀һˮͷӡ
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Ϥ񿴹ȥԷǰｫǷŪɺ¥λФүԱߵ磬˵ȥϲ𣿡
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صͷתΡιӣֻܸˡ
ΡһȻФүˣ߰ɣ
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055ƿԵֵ

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ͷϵĳԣƤ˵ⲻǻҪҵҵˣˣ
ǰô꣬ͷһؼܰѻʵ۸һ˲š
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˼ǣФүѾһֻΡûҪˡ
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ǸףϾμؿʮˣҵһγɹ뿼Ρ˵⻰ʱϣЦ⣬ҺɩЩˣһȥɩǣȫԷ


056ɻ·

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ϱɴ۾ϻʮģզô󣿡
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ҲĶǮ
ϱʲôرϻأأܶʮǮë
ҧ˾ҪʮģͲѺӱߡ
ϱ޿κΣĴæϸպֻʮͭ壬һͲ
֪ӵǳĲ˵ֻתͷϽ衣
һҪѾͷϻǮʲô裬һǮҲţ˳˭ûͷȵʱˮȥ㿴
ϱΣ˵඼˸ˣܲ˲ǣҪǲǮҲҰѾ߰
ãǼŰɣʡǮأôǮ
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ϱ̧ĨᣬҵҪǿһڼңҾһզ죿Ű˸ȥɣ
⻰ˣȥ㲻˵˻ؼզĺ֨ˣ
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ϱСҵʱȥҲ÷ּ˵¶˼ҹܲСӡ
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ϱ룬˵ȥسǿˣǰԺ߶˾
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Ρж൹ù׼ĸԴʮμؿڣʮˣƨɶûȹİʣҪܿԣϵ̫Ǵ߶ɡ
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ΡСǲڼ˳ƵͷţԺ·ԵҰһһѵزҰȻϸڻԼСϡ
ׯͨϺӴһ۷ܶࡣ
ǿ˲ԶĴϹŸ䳲ɻ·ġ
ԶŲ֣תȥ
ΡʱԼƺСϱ¶һĨЦݡ


057

ϱ˶ʮǮԺѾĸŮһУһһӣžϺӴˡ
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ϵû׼ǵϻ·˺·ģϽİɣɵˣһһûؼҸأ
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ĸŮŲػϣһǰһѻ֭˳ŨĻζܿΧ۷䡣
ŵɫҰף۷ԼϷɣæȥӸϡ
һϣѳȺӵҰˣ˾ݡ
۵üһڵϴ
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ϱſˣתͷϣ취ҵۡ
ɶ취ܰ
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Թ㣬Ҫ䣬ܱ𣿡ϱ۵úˣԹ
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ϱıӰۡ

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058ۣ

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˵Ρ뵽·ϴӦлε¶æҸлλؼȥøĸǹԷˣӲ˰ɣ
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лֱ࣬ɣ˵զôأ
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ЩܣǷĵ׾ˡ
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059ʵȥң

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ϱޣﰡ㻹ֱӸҵˡ
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۳ֱһֻĸϱĸζ˸ˣôһڡ
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ζ˴׷ҩη뼦
ϱͷµûţһҲʲȥ
ζɺ˰ûãٺõԶĥûˣ˵˰һֻﲻҲ˵ˣǸؿɹףģɶ¶۰ﲻʲôæֻӲͦõ𣿡
ʲôãϱһţŲļ㲻֪ۣ
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ϱͻȻ
ζɼȥˣµ˵ʮĶİĶİĶۼԺûôʣµĿնǲǵø˹ҪˣһնʳڳǮҲܻʮӰɣ
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060в

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ζһҪֳȥл軹ȰƤӶĥˣҲûɡ
ɼл軹ϣÿߵʱܿһ˺ͺֵģϾɷѾˣǻŵ˻ֽõµĺ
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061޵Ĵ

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ԪѮǰһ죬үţһġ
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ȻǸ޵ĴڣѹүǰЩ겻óͷ


062޿

ѮһգԪҪѧȥˡ
ΡǰԼؿƪдá
ԪɱƵСķŽԼȵѧһʱ佻
λ໥ſԺ׷ɽ̾Ȼʵذףƣ˼۽أɱϼһǿȥˣƪҪȥϿΣѧ׼ܻǳ
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063ʲôʱļң

Ǽ˳ԶԪֹͣ˼ٿŶЦôˣһȺûĴɵӣ
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ǲͬüԺ׼ô˵
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үүƽͿűȥϻǮ⼸¨ͦ£ͼĻ϶ա
˸¨ټϳͷ鱣ܵĻ˶ʮġ
е٣˵ףҲǰ׼Ǯ
Ԫϲ̵شͭ
ڴµš
Ԫһûʣͭȫ
ʮţµʮȥ
ԪӣСţԪҹ˵˻ﲻģҪǮ
ϴ̬ôãȻҪģջǰʮͭ˹ʾ¾֪˭Ҳ˵

˴ϣԪȥûþ˯ˡ
ƿ˯ţ͵ƻţΡڼӴʰһȥǵͷ϶һ£̧ͷȥĶˣ
ƽϲŭȴĳ顱ʵζ
ָָҷ
Ρ˹ذѵõ·װڣ
һûҶ󱳽Űϣס˳ǣЦúܼ١
ΡǰվһֳŰ壬΢΢ǼᣬȻ֣Դϡ
˵ܿƵزһ£˵дͲ˻ζͷմŸʵ룬ŵײµĺ࣬ʲôʱļң
񣺡


064ҳʦ

֪Ρӱˣû뵽һۿ
ζһµϾûţҸطȥ
ǰΰͦε޳ı۰Űϣƺĸ㣬㲻ǹרԵζ
ʶأ۾
ԭֻΪССӱһ£ֱӸ
۾ʲôûͱ˴ϿĴƸס˿ݣһǡ
Դ˵ģԼС඼ˡ
СΪԤеԵʣ˶»侲һΡеĳ涼ᱻơ
ӵһμ濪ʼ
ΡôˣֳصȣȻȻؾͽΪ
Сڳǰн
ʵǸĹԹŮǰ֪˭Ҫ취ȥͺ񵱳ѸԺȳӣʻ·۷ֹμţԼϴԪȥˡ
֮治ɫΪǰͷЩϰˡ
ԣСǸС
СµģһϿĴˡ
Ǻˣ޸
ȻΡ˳裬ûϿڱ軵軵ǹɾһǰʹ
ƺֻҪΡڣܲرɡС
ƣΡѾ˱ϣ˫ֳ࣬Ժ󻹸Ҳˣ
ҧЩ׵ĴͻȻǸҳʦ²ģרҧ
ţ
ͷ˵βθߡ
գ۾һҲ˵ί
ΡװС϶䣬¾ͽ˸⡣

Ӵҡεҹ񱻷۹ȥ۵öָͷƺΡ˵һ䣺ʲô£Ҫһ˿๫ǰ衣
ʵ̫ˣƤԺк˸ͷȻﹰ˹֮ͺ˯

ÿΡҪԶţһĶɤ۶ģҲ⣬СڳŵʱǧСġ
ζɷԴǴֹΡȥǼܸ֮󣬾ûˣ˵ΡҪȥǣϱ˼õݸ·϶˳ԣΡúÿ
ûܾ˼
ԶΡţȥϵðС͵سǣȻٴسȥǡ
ԪҪѧ˸˳糵
ţӴﴩʱ⸽ֹ˵Ŷаﶼʶˣ˭˵˭ǹڵϿͷСڱǡ
Ԫ˸񣬵ͷЦ


065ͷһμۿ

ţѧͣ£ϵ԰Ѵӱȥú飬ѮؼһóԵġ
Ԫŵͷ뵽ԶŴΣأЩģһСϲ˵ǣΡһҪذһ㸮¸أ
Ρףļ򣬡ʱ磬ȥɣ
Ԫûߣ
ЦЦ
Сһ˿Ŷ裬үү͵˻֣תѧȥ
ϵͷţسǷߡ
سǵʱѾ磬ΡҪϵȥݳԷϵϣ˵ԼдӱˣûҪ̣Ǯ
Ρͬѵسǣܷܲúóһپͻȥɣ
ϵΡǴȸĹػǡ
ʲôʱԶУСȴÿγԶŶƽġ
Ѿû˴ɣĳܲʧȥһӡ
ɻҪȥǿԣͱ˷ʱˣ㣬㸮ƽˣɶ۾ͳɶ

ϵڰֹ֣˵ȥ߰ɣǰͷԶ⵽ŶˣϴǮĻһ˵㣬ﳣ˵ģҸ·ڼʡŵҲܹ⣬Ͽɲû̲ȥɣҪиʲôͻû׼ӦӦİġ
˵ʱѾֲһһϸСĵذģûУȫͭ壬ǰӽسЩõĵ˸ȥɽԣٶЩˣܲÿδԶ
ϵŶҪԶţǮĵط࣬ȫͳˡ
ΡûǮĿϵֻϣڴֲڣĹһ·Ǳһģָ׺Ӳűɹܵɫôϴϴɾ
θߴΡվһϵԵЩͣƺǲöӿʲôһֱŬֱͦȻԽŬԽԵó
ϵ뵽ŴĬĬվһԡ
ˣౣء
Ρתʱ񿴵ۿ
μôãͷһؼΡ¶
룬ΡһкܶܶĻϵ˵ΡǸжɣʲôģֻĬĬȥûаգȰѻ˵컨׹
ԣѡ˳Ĭ
ΡĲ˭ûٻͷ֪һվԭأĿɣؿԽԽԶ


066ܼ

ƽظϸǿԵͯ٣඼ǽУһģ˹һжƽ̯̫õģ͸ȥǵ̶ߣ̶õ¶ѧռ˶λãʮܸͭ͵
Ρ˳һʣһжϸǣ;ˣҪӡ
;ˣһӡ
üͷ
Ƕһ̫󣬳˳Ρӣҡͷʾˡ
жûûɶֻҪڿǰ︮ǾУǾã̶ӵ¶ͦã˲˵һ·ϻܿķ羰
ΡûѾͳݸƹģ;ˣϸǰųھ̡
ܼ
Ťȥ
ܿ׺ŹΡ¨ȥŹ񣬴ǺЦˣ
ͷǰ˼ӵ˭˭ȥƨɿûô
񡣡
ΡӺסǴȥǣҲҪһ룬תȣ¶ܲסġ
ûͷһ˭˵ܲסˣСĻʲôûɹ̫ɹĻ
ΡǲԼ˵㲻֪һרֱӵǣ̶ߣ;ҪƵĵطȥջһҪ죬˶ͣҵط㡣ʮͭͦ˵ģҿԵʱ䣬ʮӶ
⻰ʵˣתʣûƭң
ΡʧЦҵȻûƭ㣬ҪȻΪ̶ΪʲôʮͭԸѧ͵ȥ˼ֲר͵ģֻǰ;Ӵ˶ѣǵ·ƵÿԶˣߣ;ʲôʶпܷġ
ǿҲû๫ĿҪϡ
ôһȻۣɲò˵棬һ˿ԸϢһ·Ȼõ
ǵʱ򣬾뿼Իա
Ѿ˶ס̫ĿջתһȦ˼ª˵ס
Ȼ֣ҿջסѧӻǺܶࡣ
źãΡʹ¥׼Է
·ϣǶûʲôʳͳ˶ϱǼ
һҲӣΡԽۣԸյǣȥԵȺĶůůƢθ
ȥһݣͷ˺ܶˣȥ붼Եѧӡ
Ρţ棬ɨһۡ
һɨԤоͲˡ
⻰
ܼҵǶqs^tr
Ρ


067׳˵

Ρɫ죬һ䣬ôˣ
СѾţԷ£ҡҡͷ
Ρ˽Ƣԣû׷ʣͷڶ֮ǰԼţȫ
׼۾˵Աˣһ
뵽ԼԤ¶һ˲Ĳ
Ȼ˿ջֲã˺ðŰ
Ԥθͦ˳񵥳Ҳ죬ŰȴѧͻȻ˵տף֪鲻Ǳˡ
ֵúܴ֪ʮ泹Ӱ쵽ǨԵϣͨ棬˵ǰļȫϣͯؿ
һѧӣ˺ܶźò׿ͯ˸ԣԺиţ¼Ҫؿֱӱ̬ԼؿһλӴûͨɱˡ
Ǳ߲֪ɱ鰸ܶѧӱӷΡУһץ˴Ρ
ڽ͵ͬʱ̲סգ๫Ȣ֮ǰǶʮ굽ôģ
޸Ρһ࣬ˣΡڼﲻ򵫷ʲôûĴǲùģ̯¶¶̯
˴ܣȫ޸ϵΡܱǸùǿӲקꡣ
οǴڼΡ·ˤԷҭĿܡ
ӳһͱ˥廹ܻڣ๫ֱǸ漣
˽Ҫǲܳͷأݣ
Ρ񣬿ʣ˭𣿡
һ£û϶Ǹ˸ղž
ΡĬƬ̧̣ͷҪۻȥ
ۻȥû׼ҳĸùô
˹ţߵ¥ݿڣӭѧӣһɫıۣͷñէһȥһ˹˹ģӦöǳȥԷջġ
һƺ˵ƣ·Ʈûȣˤ˸ſ
ǰ漸˷׷׻عͷ
ˣ㵽ва˵ٺȵǲºˣô³ԣ
ԱЦϻ˵׳˵֮ǰһֱԼҪ˵ȵҲ뿼ֻˣһһ׳û׼ʱ±дһƪһٶأ
˷׷׸Ц
¹ûж⣬ЦڴʱԵø̡
ˤڵλˡѧѾ¥ݰԼվͬĻǺɫ˲ްȥ
ظоһɼԱڷӿ
Ρһۣ˼ԣٻˣҪҵ˾


068Լ̫

֣ߡͬˡ
һѽ˦ͺһҪǹܣԼߡ
ͬһ£ȡЦ˵˵ǰݣ˼ҶмͬҪһ˺ƾƣ֣ҿ㻹ʡʡɣʱģط࿴飬ĺı¿ηΡˣ˼ҿҪˣܸ𣿡
ͬʵھ󣬾ûٹִǼ¥
ΡסǶ¥
Ǽһߣ¥ݿڱֻʣΡ޺ͺˡ
ͻİձЩΡ
˺ȵò٣ûΡֻǸղǼ˵֮һ
ббؿǽߣž⣬䳰ȷı͹Աȫ۵˫ۣɺɫһŻա
ָָΡҲЦģ
Ϊǰθߴͬ쿼ҪôֱӳҪôϽƲԼ˭˼Ƶһ䣬㲻ĻҾ
ˣ
ߣ˰۾ǿΡòȷ˲ǸղЩһģʱ֪Լ˵ˣЩǺ졣
Ǹ̨ҡҸոպȶ˾ϴ˵ǶԲסˡ
Ρô±ȡЦ
˻һ飬˴롣
֪ΪʲôǰӷûжԶûзųӸµİ̬־ʯĴݳȣƫƫ˴۶һ޵ݵ
ָоʵ̫ǿңԼסˡ
ǵһʲôֻǰһվԱˡ
ΪԷ߹ȨգΪֵݵţú硣
ǰԱǳԼ˵ļҾ̫ÿ³Ųεľ޴ѹʧɽһΣԼͼ˾˰һΡ
еҪͷأȻô꣬ԽԽԼǸûõķ˼еǮʲô
ڵԱʵʵڵԱ
ΡͻȻԼǰͷô궼ǰϻԵġ
ȶˣĻȱ裬ѾơΡ롣
ܽύˣȻ֮ã»ϲǾ߶̨ˡ
ԺԸ˵˲衣
¶ǣ˲ǳѹΡǳݣ̨ҲӦİɣ
Ρһ
̨⸱صӣ׼ˡ
Ρ˵׼Լ̫ˡ
⻰
ԸˣɵĶκO_ɣO~
⣬ллװǴͣôôգ»Ŭдþġ


069Ȳ

ŸΡ˵˼仰Ѿҭˣҭýʵʵ
ʵǴӲΡĻ˹̨֣ͽ̡
Ρ˿ڲ裬ݸղ棬Щô˵𣿡
ͷ
º˵ƣҲòʡ£β֪ǼڳЦ쿪
˭˵أ
ɢͽıڲ˸ͯÿλؼңĸΪīǮ
Դô˵İۣҲƿؼũǿƷбӵ˶ܿе٣;òģһԣһһսӴܸĻͥüˣȻǲۣŰܡ
뵽Թ
֪ˡݺݵǫ̃̄ҲһΪǸһǴķóڿϡǰ㲻ͬף֪û뵽ͷҲ˫ۡҴˣǣ
˵꣬վҪߡ
һֻſżʱΡ˵ҲһǴ٣ڶԼжȷġ
˽Ųһͣȭͷøת˫۾Խɺ죬źƼˮ꣬ҳһ̨ǳأҺôǸ߳жݲ裡
Ρҡͷ̾Ϣʮǰú̬Ļֻͳɷˣпܻڡ
ڳЦáָۣûܱᡣ
οЩаʮùˡ
¿ʼڣ޶̯ϵ¶٣ܹ˲мأ˵ЩҪ
ҪÿζɣԹ첻Ͳнڸ׼ԵΡˡ
Ϊ˸ִֻһ仰
Ρûͷһһеش˺˶
̫˵Īģ˵ɫʲô⣿
Ȼڿô궼еǰ¹³ΪʲôͲٹһۺ۹⣿ǿҪ˶ĿҪ
ԣ˽סˣζûӦ
ΡĻһѷĸͷһӽŤ룬ඥéٿ
ոջΡԹ˲ɢŤͶص壬Ҿ̨գ
ΣһΡ
ΡΡ
ǸЩѿڶ
Ρϲû¶һ˿黳ĺۼԾɵģṴûǸʮ궼ûܽ󻹺ɩƽΡ
Ŀɿڴվԭأ𺳿֪
ԼֻǼҾöѣǰλʵʵù
˼ҶѵľһذףȴѵĹȥԼ˽Ͼ
ԼҵĶôŬԼʲôʸԹˣ


070ǰҵ᲻ǳ

ܴ󲿷бȲԼزҵʱԼҵģ˲ƽˣ˳㰲οһ±Լҵλ
ھ֪ԷΡϾ;øǰλԼǵҶɶȻΡȾ˼ͬ飬ɩ¶⣬ֲؽ黳˵Ŀ⣬Ͼ
һԣɵÿɰΡڸӣ붼Ϊ๫Ҫͬ
ҪΪ˸Խֹɱ๫ѹֵط¶ݡ
Ρûú˼˵ȥͬĻ͸㣬úÿɣ
εس˳ǣ׼뿪ʱע⵽۵һ˲ľ޲ضزס
Сӣ
´Ĳ޳УΣģĸ˼ܲĶ
Ǳͬʱ˼ʮʣǽһᡣ
ãԼҵĶȢôƯԼŬ׼ȢƯġ
˶񿴣Ρһ
˻عɰͰ͵Цֺø
ߣΡŻ¡
ˣ
Ρ£Ǳⲻˣֻ֣̬ҸղŸ˵ôֲ࣬ϧ¶Լݣ벻ͨҪȥӣҲû취ˡ
ͷΡӣȷʵѾ御ˣϾֻƼˮ꣬ܲͷΡ
磬ΡҲûȥʹڿջ顣
׸ɾϴ֮ͰԱߣ˱Ƚϼ򵥵鿴ΡѧôãʶѾ٣ͨҲǰ˳ܶࡣ
ҹʱֱ۸С
صϺˣ˵õĶ˹Ľأ˵õֻΪԤ¶أ
쵰۸û취ģ
ΡĲ̧ۼСѾͷӣϬ㿴˼Цһ£˵ǰҵ᲻ǳ
񣺡ˣһֱΪǸǫǫӣһ·Ͳˡ

պĸȻԤˡ
Լ̨϶ֽţдС¸ٶĿŵڿס
ԺΡûߡ
˻ؿջʰʱûҪ뿪˼˳һ䣬ҪڸǵȰ񣿡
Ρûͣһ
µĿ죬ʡڣʹȼˣʱֱӲμؿ


071ɫɲ

Ű죬񵥲ûȻѧӱտϵĳĳ˻¸٣дСס
ΡסĿջ븮òԶ
һ磬˻ûţķԼ͸ġס¸ۣѲ³Ԥķˡ
һоУŲæǰ˹غ԰ӡ
ûű졣
ҪȥţΡԼվżͷǺˣ˿⣬£
ɫЩף˿ų֣˵ûεĸ¶ˡ
Ρװ֪һ䣬ʲôˣ
üͷղǷŰԭǿ񿴵úúõģͻȻվ£˵ܻ¸˽ף֤ݶҳˣ֪˺һŭ֮ж˸˵ְ˸ʾñ츮ͯȫؿ
ΡԼؿһοϣ
ǵûС˿Ρʱϧϧлͬ飬ǵ㡣
ң
԰֣㻹ûƼɣǱ츮İףװΪ¶Ҫ¿ҡ̬ˡ
ϾΡǰͷôһֱ˳ε¹ᵽԼùȥһһʱԳ벻㲻ûŪġ
Ρ
ͷһЩǺɤۣ
ˣȷû㷴ɫ
ΡûΪǱجĸɵˣеص֣û¶ɣ
û¡ΡҡͷأؿһΣˣ
ˣҶٴˣ£ܲһ𣿡һν̬ȣֵһϯһ
ʲô
ͲҪ۾͵ó¿ˮ̵ľ˵ʲôͷ飬ٸǽϾԼȥҾµͷŴɵӡ
ΡüĴָ
˿϶飬һˬ˵ãֳϢ͵ˣȻ־ްҲͷˣؿŪ˰
лΡס
͸ˡ
߲͡
Ŀź¥ΡŻ¼緹
Ŷˣ΢΢ЦĽ
ü仰ͰһŤ̬๫ȻǸ˲š
ΡյСϱݵЦЦӣ
Ȼˣôÿˣ࿴۵ĻһٲԷС
̡


072޶

պؿϵ˳ûٳκβõԤС
ӿΡһ۾Ϳڸ
վڲԶĴ£ͷϴķɫ黨ϵķ˿ᴵչ͸Сϸ͸ף䣬˫۾ǹ⣬Сеഺ
Ρǰη˵һ仰ˣɩɩԴ޵ǼңԽԽǣһŮˡ
£˼ΡӿŲߵǰʱͷѾȳһ㱡ͳӣϸظãԵͣȺܾˣ
̧ͷ˵￴ᡣ
ûشֻǶע
˫ۣͫȴĮһᣬҲȾ˺¶ȴ޴ڣʱʱ̶̿п
˶õһƤңһŻ˵ġ
̵ģԼ鼱֮ѡ޸Ǽ޶ˡ
ΡջӣСϱڷϵ΢΢һԿ
ػ񣬼๫ɫ׽ŪԼߵת󲽳ǰߣҲ
Ρ̶ֻӵıӰʧЦ

ڸǴʱ̫ãﻹʲôϢûյΡµﵣģͲȰˣʱ濼УҲ֪ͨ
صջʰһȷûʲôԺ¥˷
߳ջϲ̵ӭ
ؿ˲ûиסͬһջطҲܲ³ص˵ˡ
Ρûߣͣ½Ų
غһ֣Ȼ֣ϺǸм˴θջǽʶ㣬ų̂ĵ㲦ҿһӶû취Ƽշſ̬ӣҪ˰ɣܷ͸֮ǰԼƣ
Ρ֪ӹòףܵľƲúȣģʲôʱһͬȥ¹ϳټҵľƺǲŽʹ졣
¹磬ԷŰڶգʡǸĸ¿ƾӺͿٵᡣ
Ρ⻰ǼŬϿˡ
һٴι֣֮ĳܽˡ
Ρûٸ̸ǡ
λؼңɲΡԩǮȥһĶˣֱ¶̶ߡ
Ȼ·ϵȷ˲ٿ࣬˵Ƕ㲻ʲô
ٿֻۣҪܱ֤๫¶ȫȫβػصңˡ
⻰
̲סС͸Ժٶ᰸СԪɾ͸ϱĶһȥǹӼO_ɣO~


073÷

Ρһ߾ʮգȫޡ
ӸɶûÿܺüˣҪܸӻҲ̤ʵˡ
æĻȥڣڴŶ
Ŷӣֽţ͵ͺ
ӿÿһۣŶļǰߡ
û˰ɣ
Ŷӵļһ䡣
һϻˣҶӣزаͭӶĹϵôţ·ˣˣ
Ŷ˵ˡ
Ρϸ죬Ŷӱ˷˲Ծ˾˵ǹڵϿźС
˵ǵꡣ
ĸԭشתȰȥţӻһѲŰѶӶϱĻ˻
Ŷ˵ûţͰϵ¶ͱ˳˳ͬҲˮŻ˵Ρ¹˼ûпУҪԵȥǣϾ¶̫˲ŻⱨӦ
Ŷһ̬Ǽ˲պ«ưȥΡǲˡ
Ϊ¶˽´һܣҹ㣬ζƵԷϡ
ӻԵĶϱ˵ģԭίͲ磬ڱ˵ΡĲǣлвˣǺ²ŻȥΡ
ҲⵣͰֱ࣬ȥһ˶ǳԷ೤İɣڱҼ䣬ͻ
иǸռ޹ģ̫˽ӣվ͸쳤ϣҰ˵˭˵˭ƨ£˻ϵˣ˼ͷ࣬һѣǰɣҸ㡭
û˵꣬ӭһưˮùȥ
С˵ļɱҡ
˫ֲżûôԱ²ס죬ͰˣңʹҪǻ۹üҵҪүúöһϣεİǸʲôһηε

Ŷ񶼻ûǣС˶ͷķˮιȥĳ
ΰΣΡջյôɰţһأ˾ϴһ룬˭˭ܵ˰
ʵġŶü۵طŵ̬ûȥӡ
ӳһֻۣ˼˵ʵ⣿


074

Ρ죬Զͼڴڵľϡ
߹ȥô
ЩţΪԼζγ˻þֱ㶵ؿΡþòŻع
ɣ㣿㡭ˣ
Ρףţӻˡ
´һûţֽŵʣһ·¶û
Ρҡͷ
Ҳû¶
˵԰Сù˵û£ĵСܻϰɣ
ɣûƭ
ΡЦҪ£һվǰ𣿡
ӲܰΡ֣Ρûǿнʲô
û¾ͺãؼҰɣһɱϺúòһȥʮ죬˶ˡ
Ρ¶ɻ󣬡Ǽ򣿡
ӵŶġ
ģ
Ǽġ
ΡԽԽͿˡ
ӰΡϵ¨ȡԼţֽӹİϱСȻأµȥ
ΡҪµأ¨ȱȥɣ
Ӳã˵Ӷһ·ˣĺø첲ȶűһզģ
Ρ˵ֺ˼ҡ
ηվľιŲͷһΡʱϲɫݴһɩˡ
ϵԣ˳Ҳͬһ˵֮ǰȴΡȷǸȫûģϲЦǰСڸλˣҪٲǵüϷɡ
ηЦֹǵˣȫƵȥ
ŮڴϵûӵظɿҲιˣȥչˮҸžͰˡ
ηĲݣ˲֣ݡ
Ҳȥæ
ηɻƣɩһ·ȻݺȿڲЪЪɣ㲻Ըأ
˵
ηѵÿСɩɩԼǰɬӣ̲סЦ
̵ôȥ˵ʲôתš
ԺϵΡ˵Ż
ɣʱû
Ρ˵ˣ˵µժϣȻ
ϵͷ
νǧĸǣСȥǵӣ޼ҹҹ˯ž֪ģƽᣬҪ˵ԶŮû
ϵ
ʱ洫һ˵ϵ̽ͷһŶӺǼ˵Ρˡ


075

ôû֪ӹͦ㣬ı༦༦дġ
Ŷ֮ǰһͷֿ˴档
߰˸μԺһվѸյҵΡˡ
ŶǰĻ˵ɣԹǣϲĺ㣬ҪȻҺϱҲ˱Ӧŵꡣǣ˲С˹һʶˡұ֤Ҳڱ˵㻵ԭһأɲ
Ρûô£Ҳûȥκˣֻһ˼뵽ϸǵǰһԪ˹سȥƭȥҴˡ
ʱûٸףµһЩӦԤе˲õ£Ӱû˵Լ
Ŷһ˵Ρȫˣ⼸λԭ˼Ҫ취ˣŵùǺǳĳⲻˣ
Ρˣƽﲻ̫ϲ˽бҪʱҲὲһ
Щسͷæûôע⡣̧̧ۣһĴԺ˵ʲôţ
ⲻ˵Ϲ
Ŷ֪Сӻͬ޶ڴʯͷΡΡù˾¶ۼġ
ֻʱԶԶΡûëҲûǼСӾˣŶȥ
˵лΡһ䶼û˼ھҪ˵淴һ䣬ô˵ģ˵ɶˣ
˵ɶ޷ǾΡùߵĿ˵ģǰѾɩͣȻȥԣֱǸ˾
⻰ܵ˵ͱǱ벻ܰ
ŶʵͷҲǣҲǡ
վŵĺŶ磬״վ˵һ䣬Ҫ㻹ùֵܽ硯أĵĸⲻǣ¶¶ˡһˣ̧ͷͷëƤ¶αֵôû
Ρݸ˵Ķԡ
ǷƵģȴ﷢ë
Ŷûҽǻ
żҴôߣϽģˣ̬ѻ壬øô۸Ƶġ
ΡûǸˣ
մӳηҧгݣ˵ǣҸ磬ƾʲôȰȣ
۳¶Ҫˣ˭ѾͷƬӻվͣżҴüͷɲô˵ڱɣȷǲԣҲûٿⰡ˲úõվ˵ˣǸ¶͵꣬˭پŲţ˭ĲǣֵٸȥҲе
һ˵ֱ׳
ηζըˣȭͷҪ۵ףͱᳶ˳ӡ
ɩɩηʵڿȥô۸硣
ҡҡͷʾη԰ꡣ
ƾΡ˽⣬Ƥڵˣ޿ĸԸصղŵǾ仰û˵ꡣ
ȻηΡͽ˵ˣã׸Χ˴ֻһû˵Ҳϡ
żҴ̧̧°ͣ˵ʲôţμɲǸ˾Ǹҷϣⲻһ˶ֱ࣬ˡ
ǸˡΡ쿪ڣȻǰͷЩλǲʹˣҲóʵжǣǳԲ˯óҹصҡ
ŴϵЦԽΣ˵ֻҪ㣬ǸȻܳŴһʶ
Ρ϶ӳںͽ⣬ѾμǮڷѿ϶٣õǮȥͷţ
Ρתھһ䣬شҶ˵Ե˾ˣİĶ˰ʮ˻ۡ
Ŵòͷ˵Ǹ¶㳶ʲô
ΡһۣȻΪǺá
ôžΪҺˣ
ΡƢԣʼնûһһ峤֤дһݱ֤飬Ϊ˱֤λᱻҵùǣһΡ˾٣£ͲǼˣ±ǣˣҲһӡ
һɫʱ䡣
ΡҪԿУǾǾүˣȲ˵үж͵£Ρ˰Ļһð׬ʳ
ŶкˣһѽƿĿеΡɣҴ˵ֻһ֮ԣܴǣ㿴¶ܲͨͨڣ
һ뵽˼һʡȫ˰ԼۻҪϽɣ͸Ƶġ
ΡЦΪǺãҳϹϵ׵ù
ŴʶԼͱ¦ˣǰŵ˲䲻ñ˭죬ɣҡ
Ρڰ֣˵ˣ±ǣҶġһˣҲΪҶùȱ֤дãҼǵðӡͳɡ䣬ϵȥ峤峤Ǽһ˰ɣ
⻰
ºһ޶


076ϵ

ΡĻϵһ£漴һȥɣô᲻̫˵㣿ϾһģԺв
ҲŸһߣպˡ
ΡûòС˵öԣ˲֪ҵĿ࣬ûʸȰҴȣοҵ˾ǣЩˣʲôԭǣ
ϵԣʣµĻȫʻ˶һֶûȰ
ΪΡȴЩΡ֮ĸԸͷ˵ָȫΪԼ˴ɩ
ԸڹײԸɩС
ɴɷ򸾵ʵ겻ֲ˹ֻбʱŻԺһ㡣
Զûһ䡣
ȻȴĳĬôߵʱԽԽ֣ıΡͷ
Ρǰӡ
ϣд˰ƻ˸Цĵ
뵽ϵ˿Ķӵļ򣬡ãʲô֧㣬ȥ峤峤
ΡϵȥıӰݸ
ԸҪ˵㶯ִѹͲʵģȥҲԸ񣬹ؼʲôõЧ
νߴ繥Ҫ
ϰʲô³Է
ֻҪ׼һ㣬ù˵£һһ˼ҹңһӶգͬÿ˰Ȼµ⼸ҸȦȥֻһԸɿţԵԴ˲Ź֡
ʵΡϣѾˡ
ˣŴ󻹳Ϊʸ֮ģΪΡǹȫŴǵĻɷ˵ֱֿӾŴ󲻷ţҪ
ģֱӰŴ󰴷ڵϣȭͷҡ
ŴۣѾܱѪ
ӻƼһĻæΡ¨˳ִǽɨ㣬ű۰һͨɨ
ģһ˼ͷţ
ǿˣͱžʰأԼ¶üֳɵıˣʲôģڣɨȥһŵĶû£ȫ̷ˡ
⧲ɨڵصļ˳һĻңͼɷصǣ˶Ƶģ˶ʱ˸¡
ҲǷԵɣֻ׼⼸˵Ҵܣָż˵ıӾͷһٳǧģһȺ͹ǰɣܶҴˣ
һ˵һߣӣ˭Ҫǻģǰһҽ㵽ף˭˭ǹӣ
ӵս˾֪˭ҪûҲɶȳӡ
Ŵ֮ǰѾǼ˴ˣѪֹֹסĻңһȾԺű߶Ų
˼״׷׺µˡ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬼ĶҪˣˮ̽ƵѾܣƣ˹
ΡûгֹɼĬôֱķʽ˸ϳȥ
ǹҧǺ£μңҪֳô˭Ѳ˸ϵ
η¶˸ЦߴգҪٲǿҪˡ
·ϵĻңֳһ۵ϵĶηǴģ
ηͷ˵ǡ
һͻȥֳˣҿҲǳģۼȱ⼸
ηȡһӦֽһֿ棬һֱǣ˨ӣ׼Ұȥ
ֽŲãæȥæĬĬ˸ĴָȻϵ
ǹɩߺŤΡһȻԤĲࡣ
Ρ˵Ҫ峤峤æд֤Ǽһϵֱкã͸ôţǰ˵
䣬ͻȻӦʲôֱۣɣղ˵ɶţ˹ﲻ˰
Ρ֪ô˵Ц˰İĶȥǼеأʣµĸ˹ңһȷղʳǮ
ûҴǰĿеͲãոһǼҪǴĲҺùգұͲõֵһ۸ڵ
۵̫࣬ǶԿƾٻǽ;ӰġҾţǼһȥ
ڴˣǽҲûõģǲ򵥵İ취ǸôֻҪǹﲻ˰ȻȻͻңȽҪ飬Ҳܶ༸æ˵˲ǣ
һȻۣɶ˵ľͣˣȻԸźˣҲܲš
峤峤û͵μҡ
·ϣϵѾ˵ˡ
峤ʾ⣬ΡǸˣ峤ϣܳͷش﷢¸ȻǼʺ˼ҵĴǰ̡
ݱ֤дú˳
֤Ǵ峤μ峤λӡ֮ΡҲһ֮峤ʹű֤ȥµǼң֤ϰӡ¶ǳ׳ˡ


077оﲻ

ǰֵ˺еʱ򣬶ϱڸǽǣû̫ȥΨסΡ˵Ҫ˾ٸ˹ﲻ˰һ䡣
Ǵ˶ϱβ׵ǣڵһ±߸ߣתͷͳܣˡζ˯Ŀϴ˼¡
ζɱѣšüɶؼĵģˣ
ɲǼˣϱѣװ˸Ūѣɻˡ
ζƤͻ£ǳȥԣֲǰңܲһӴͷɣ
ϱԼ⸱̲סԴһƣԺոһȥǽˣ˼аоٵģŻ˵浽죬˹ﲻһֺô
ζɵʱһ飬˵ɶ
֪ˣϱһۣϽĹȥҪ׸˹ʧۼʵҲû̫ϵҪǴɩǼĶۻûŪ֣ɿڣ˵զ죿
ζ´·˿׼š
ϱӲʹͼҪ˵ȥһٰȰȣɶû׾˸߳
ζɲôû𣿡
ϱ˳ھҪãȢϱ
ζ룬ͬ˵Ҳǡ
ϱôоﲻԾ

ˣζɲҿֹ۵Сۣðűϱߦ׷ƨɺķգ˺ôһ⣬һһŲѵز䵽Ժ
ϱˣ
Ҫϲ£϶ĿͺôţϱǿٿѵӲû̹
ζɳ˳ǣͱˣѾŶϱô컳ϣ
Ǹɶ
⡭ɲǸͿ
æŷĲˣڲȥӣϱָ˰ɣ
ζһҭĵﲻȥŵ̽ˡ
˵˵ɣҾģȥ
ζǰϱһٷϻ̨һţ֣ŲѰ˼ţʹˣĻɣҪѴɩҵֵǼͷϰɣҺϱᣬеٲãũæʱ뼸˳ųҲ͹ȥˡ
һˣ϶һҿ϶˵Ĺ¶ذѴɼҵ§ȥ֣Ա㽫˰׼ˡ
һˣҲ͸ˣɼ࣬Ҫĵأﲻ˶٣ڵȷæ
һ뵽ϱǮձҪ񱡸ּۻ۵ӣŵĻ٣ͻþðҲɣÿʳ
ɣҲ̫̫˰ɣ
Ҫȥ֣ҪΧϲ˲֣
⻰
20pk¾Ӹ^_^


078

ζ»ȥûæ¶ܲ
׼⻹Ķһ٣ô
ζ֧֧˵Ҳȱʳͱµ˳ɲɣϱֻɶʱˣ͹ȥһֻɱ
ô˵ϱͬģţ£ӵȻҪˣϾڶҪ˼˵زˣĿȥ
ζæϱͬġ
УҲҪʳˣھȥǼҵļȫ
ζһҪҲ̫˰ɣ˵ˣô༦Ե㣿
ӳϱͬˣֻܱˣ˭أ
ζɲԭα¶ҡ
㻹ûȥû˵ɣ
ζɲһġȻˡ
˵ϱôͻȻתԳִˣ˰죬ֻǶΪ˴ɼҵĵġ
۳Ҫƣζĵ׷ţȸֻֻɲ˵
ӲˣҪϱҲøϾԪһִ󡣰˵ɼҵضù鵽£ǶҪˣܲһͰ˰ɣ
ζһҪʾɣ֪׼ûϷˣһſڲߡ
ӶŲ˽ݣΡںϵ峤峤˵Ż
֤¶峤峤˴æΡǳԶٷ
û˵˵ڲ˵ʱиΡ˸ɫ
Ρ˸ڸû߼ͼڳſڵζɡ
ûԼ˵ζɣҸˣɶ¶Ըڡ
ζһɣͷ˵ЩɣǸҡ㣬̸̸ҵ
Ρһ˵
ζɰѸղŸ˵Ƿظһ飬ֻΡǰԵ㡣
Ρ˵ҪѴ󷿵ȥ֣в³˶ڴʲô⡣
Ҳ֪˲ٹôﲻףѾЩﶼȥȻҪ֣Ǿ͸Ҳûʲôˮ
ǿԣֻһΡ˵ڵʱ򣬲ĻǼ⣬ôźӹ߶ʹˣæſƿ¾żңǻԷּΪɼ˾Ƶߣõöܣ
ζû飬ΡǰԱƽܲ򽻵򽻵һ򽻵ͱϡТζҲ֪¶ԼӹˣּҷּңֵֻǼҶѣѪ顣
ŮԼһ߲ܵģ
ʹԴƵ˵˾䣬֪ˡ
Ρҵģ֪ģȫʳҲϸϸеĿ𣬴ǽӹȥ־ǡ
ζû뵽Ρô˵ɣлл㡣
һˣͱ˵һˡ
Ρ棬ǲжġ
ζɷɱؼңһһʮظϱ˵ˡ
ϱ꣬Щţûѣ
ζָ췢˵ɳ͵ġ
ϱϲɫǿ̫ˡ
ζʣ˼ҶˣǲҲñʾʾ
ʾɶϱ˲ؿ
˵ģʳѾˣ۽ӹǶûˣѰ˼ţ͵㶫ȥТТҲ̫ˡ
ϱﲻ⣬Ρ԰ջȥζ˲ٶȥԺ

ŰʱΡٴ˰ףѧʦϲڳŹȫƫΡߣھǺûаΡŤת˳ȥ
ʮ˴嶼֪ΡתˣԶ˰ף϶дϢ
´˴ϱ˶
죬ϱμҡ
Ρϵȥˣ廨ȻСη˽
һ㶣ôˣ
ηĨ˵ɩɩңҲҪ޵ȥ
ֱˡ
η޵øģǴɩˣǼһиѧĶûȢף˵ˣǼҹŮμûģμǷһҪôҪôҼ޹ȥ
ɫһûô׵ģ


079

׾ָȢԷҵĹŮϱ
óԲϷȢϱ˼ҺֽܳСɩ
ô󣬻û˭һס
ϱѾ˽ʮ꣬ͷҪףôôԡ
񻹼ǵΡ˵ɩûԺμҸҵĲ٣Ǯмʮ
ʮǰļʮͬڵļ
ʱμûʲôҵףЩǮϵӶƴģΪ˻Ƿһƨծ
˵ǮɼȻҵǱǮǾ͵ͬĬ˲Ϊϱμ
ʮȥһֱμҪףô˼
ɩɩǸСɸǸֻԺζĴŮ˵˵ҪǼ޸ᱻĥġηžžͣ
ۣóᡣ
η϶Ļ£˴µ˽⡣
ϱ׽ǰͷǹŮһֱӣҲηеСɡ
Сһҵͷ⣬ǰͷĽȫʲôóԵĺģҲýɴ˾˽²ʳĲ״
ϱеʱܸɣֻ־ûʱ򣬿ɼÿۻԾɳԲһ˼ȫܸҴڽӴĶϣʹŮ
л﹡߿ޣ·δɡ
δĳ˼֮ͬģϣͻؼҸ˵ҪףȢҹ
ԭͬ⣬ǴɼҪȢŴҴұƸš
˼ĵǮûضţһ˵˼ҪױƸ񻹲٣ȻǧٸԸˣϲһ첼ѾͰѹŮˮһóš
֮ļ꣬ûܹϣӵʱĶû仰
Ůˣϸƺúν
û˵ʱҳ˹Ǯû˿һŮôģҲû˹ĹԪڳ̵Сûô졣
ǼֵһֻΪǮ

ӴϱڣʮˣһʺûУƾʲôֱ׳ҪμҰѹŮ޸ǼǸ˵Ķӣ
㲻ΪάżңԹߵҲμڴϱѾ御Ƿʲô
ɩɩ˵Ҹô죿ηѾˣ޵˫ۺףɩȷǼҵģҪǵﱻΣҼ޹ȥҵ°뱲Ӿͳ׻ˡ
⻰
ƼġũŹɩĸ̡֦飻ǾũŮ½ξˣõľȻСӡ
ҴĶеĲƲ鹫һ͹ȡԣҼһҪͶ˽Ҫ۹ٷ䡣
˴˳Ľ֪µڹУٴȨı˽ԺҪòϲ
¶ĸֻܶ
ϱǷǾһöⱲӾȻ֮͵һ
ֵֻǻӣԻͼӣֳǮӲ͵ȴ汾졣


080Ԥвȫ

ϸĥһ£ôɵԭֻһΡ
ǲǱηģǱΡĴǰġ
ϱѾڣЩûʲô߶Ҫٴμҵúôͱάֺμҵ׹ϵ
ηͳƷΪηϵӵͷܼ޵ĶҶ
ʱΡηòøմηһմ⣬żҲܵúôˣ
ҹȻǴһֺ̡
뵽ηдȥ
ԪѧֵʱΡǿŰηҲ̻ˣСֵģϵı񻹶ࡣ
ηʮֿܣȥϵ̧ͷǸ侲ŵģ֪ôģͻȻ֮ҵӰӣҵǷ̤ʵͰġ
ʶģηɩܰԼˡ
⣬ȥݡ
Ӻϻ˵
ɩվ˼䡣
ʣǼҪףʮǰΪɶ˵ûУֱҲ̫ͻȻ˰ɣ
ϵʮǰǼҷﻹǸ͵Сأˣʡ
Բ⣬Ѿ˼ˡ
ЦϽͱºŪˣҼȻף֮ǰô𣿷Ҫ˼ңҽѹͲ֡
ɫѿ΢΢սȭͷ
Ըˣ򵥴ֱķʽɶϣܡ
ϱμҶʼ
ȣע˰أ˵ûӲ
ϿóӲ⣬ɶ˵öԣԪѾɣҵĹϵԽԽԶҪٲ취£ȽΡͷˣҾֻһԸɿš
ϵλ塱ӣҲǵûȢǸȳӣһֱΡ˱ԼͳΡʱϳô⣬ûһμҡ
ûǰԤеΪΡϵȥسǰ˴Ҿˡ
һأ̫ԶмʲôΣֻվ͵ʱԼԤеηȥԺǱߵ˻Ѿͷʹʲôֻۻȫ϶ѣһ˾׼Ҹ״
ȻԤв˿Ӱʹ
룬ηд˼֡
ηԺɫװ׳ֽһᣬɩɩңҲܡ
Ȱʲôֻǿη˼ּᶨ
η
ηָ߬°ڣĺǾᡣ
գѡһĨᣬƿߡ
⻰
ɾWiFiɲڣֻ2g^_^
һʮҪpkϣѾõղغ۶Ϲлǣôôգ


081ծ

ηݡ
Ӻϵ̸Ȼֹ
ϿһվηСģʮ⣬¶˸ЦǷ˰ɣСѾͷÿ濡ǼС߯ˡ
ηǸָ顣
æ˸ɫ
ηͣû
üĵ⵱ɩɩҲ̫ˣ֪ϲɶöǰգⲻǳİѷ
Ťӵηһۣɶˣ
η֪ߣվûԺϣ˼ǣ׷ǻˣ
ǻɣҪηΡôɿڣ
ãҼޡ
ӵȻθߣȻηúˡ
ĹŮôһ˵̣ˣ
ηûĿϣʾڣҲԻףǵȰѻ˵
ϱͷԣĻȥôֱ࣬ӵͷ˵˵ʲô
ηɩ޹ʱʲôûޣμҳ˲ٲǮ֮Ǽ꣬ǶԴɩҲǲŲʣѹûܹ
ǼȻǻף۾͵˫ƽҿԼޣǼҲױҴ統ȥ˶ƸǼҾ͵Ƹ
УҵңҵɩȫعҵùԸ¶޹ء
⻰ֻظϣ׿ԣֻҪ˹ȥˣ͸ҳ׶ϵμ̵ֺô
ϱΪ˿ΡŻŻףҪ̲μҵĺôǻƨ
УδɵȥǼҵƸٵģǶ٣ϸˣμжˣ϶˵׵һǷ׵ˣҪĶôǮȥ
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¸ߣԤоͲˣûӵŮˣò½ϵΣܻҸϸ״ϸһ⣬½ϸһӽ鱦¶￪
ԤμҽϾ͵ǡ


091½

ˣҪȥֹʹѾҲղ׼һŪþ͵ܡ
ûҵ飬һʱ¶Ρ⡣
Ρû뵽ôڣ˻ģᴦ
֮Ρȥӣյ½µļױ¶й¶ȥˣ⼸ܻ᲻ȫ׼
Ρ˽ӵģ⣬ܶһ͸ö˵ϻ
䣬ڰ֣ˣæȥ׽¶ˡ
ΡЦЦȥϺӴ塢ºӴԼܼҴλ峤ңλμҺȾƣ˵ϴα֤£Щϸλ⣬ĸ˸ӣǼŶλ˼ңʶ㣬Ƴʲô
ΡھͰߣвӦĵһЦеصͷ˵һ
ҹͷԼˡ
һſμԺţʱһѬĳľ׮ӣһ
Ų˳򣬼Ժǽ°һڴףȫǷˮ
ϺӴ峤һ䣺μҵģæɶǣ
Ӧһû¶׼׼½ӣǿɵˡ
㿴ҿ㣬۵Сۡ
ζ½ӣ
ƻȲˣ
ϺӴ峤һ˵̸ϴα֤¶ȥɣ
̸ˣǲָˣʲȥ
Ρ˸ӭ˽ȥ
ŴĶһ֡
Ρ׼ˣ¸Ǹȫ˸ǼϴһŶ˵λۡ
һи˵һ۾͵˰ҹ
űӶԺźѷ磬ڼ͵ˣæܵ⣬˿۴ȻܻطغŴ
Ρ˲ע⣬ֱӰѵƸˡ
ôˣ
ڵģͷʡ
ꡪΡ˸ƣС˵Ǽҽˡ
λ峤뵹

ԺǽϣѾˡ
Ժǽ£׼õķףÿڲţɫ
ɶζǣܴӡ
ˮζܶ˵׼μ͵ѼŪóѬ죬۸Ѭܡ
٣һͲаˡܴ󲻷һѷ磬̰ѷ˶ŵһȥ׳졣
߶߶ˣɣܶЩͷҪΪӽ鱦Ųô
˱죬ͷ
ڶź֧Ŷ
ءءˮĽӣͦʣһ磬һ硣
⻰
ûмӸ

԰ϲޣС̫׷
ˬģܰ裬һһŮ˫ࡿ
аҦԽˣ˴ɵҦѾ
ôĸƣ뺷̣ôȴ
һкξ壿нŻԣԴȻ
ƷһҦԭǣСŮӶҲ֣Ѫ־ʹû
һһ־̣˺Сӹܰ⡣
ռǱý̤żҦֻһ䡰ǲܼ˵ģҪȢ򡱸˸ɾ
˭֪ڶ쾹׸


092赶ɱ

һ̫󣬰ͷˣ׷ܳ
ܼǶֵѾӷֱ£޲ܵ߸ѳθĶȫڳ
٣ҹģ˯žܱ˼ϴ裿ܴ峤һűӣһ͵ƿǶˣҳĸС˵ˣ
ܴܶǴ峤æһߣƼ
˭ͻȻһˮӺù
˵죬ҹ仹ˮһֵܲס˸¡
ܴ峤ǿܴܶòʱưˡ
ոΡ˵ˡ
˰죬Ǹһסŵˣ
ⲻܼСҼҸɶˣվڶſڣɤԺÿ˶÷
ֵȻֱӳϣֻ˵·Ҳ֪ôģͲСĵ˷
⻰ֱӰӵĻˣͷԵģϲ˯Ա˳ŵķǼԺǽأ·զ˵һˤǼģãܴ峤ѻˣ˵ʵҲɣǸ˭ߣǷպ˯ɣ
ֵһˡ
ӵĻ͵鱦ģĳ뱦û͵ţڵùǺ
ܴ󶥲סˣһ߷һ߽˵ǸһʱͿ֪μһӱƸʡ
˵⻰ͦʵġӵˣλ峤ڣӣûֿڣ˾㲻ţϰڷԺǽʣ
ܼҸǺƿԣҲû취˭жӣ
λʮ춼ãȫʹġ
Ρ߹˶һۣû˵ʲôܴ峤뵽һȥʮƽȣ˵ϴű֤һܼҴвٴѾѹܾµﶼˣҽ˾٣ת¡
ǽ£Ϊֵǹ»ˣôҲ£»в鷳
˵ˣܼҴЩ֮תͶΡ£ȫǱΡ˰ģˣ˶ȥܴ峤ֹ峤Ҫø˵øƷ
ܴ峤Ϊѣɣ㿴¶ܲҸӣ»СС»ˣ
ΡЦ͵ģɲҴļױμҵĴұʲôղҲɴСͿô̬ˡ
͵˴ұôû
һȷʵС
ΡҪƽϣһ仰ܹȥ˼Ҫƽϣ¶ֱ̯Ϲ˾
ܴ峤ȻһȣҧҧֻҪ㱣֤Ƚ˾٣Ǵ¹Ϳãһ˴׳ϳȥ
Ρ˹֣ݸȻǸˡ
⻰
³ɺһ𱨣Сɰǻǵáɺޡһ׮𣿣*/أ*

Ƽ΢ˬġ뺷ũŮ
ĺһ骣Ӱ
һСɵ
ĸҪιǣҪҪ
ԹǮ˳Сʰò˶һö˷
ԯɳܿȲ֣ǲ
ô죿͵һֻÿ£
뿴
Ůǣе֣һ·¸ջİ飬Ļ
2PУ뿴⣬Ŷ


093ȢСϱ

¶㻭Ͼš
Ρûֵܼܸϣλ峤۾洫½һӽ鱦¸У½µģֻһ濴ֲͭͭϹŶЩ˸ߡ
˭ٸļױ˵£λѹţЩСҲ
ֽܴ峤ֱ֣Ӱˡ
ϳȥˣͬɥ֮Ȯ˽󲻹ȥģð֣ע˴
ܴ峤ͷһ̵ΡֶΣ뵽սʱӾѾ׼÷ˣԤıģ˿Ӿ͵ֵܼأ
Ǳֵܼܣܴ峤ͻȻú쬵ģ˵˾䣬Ͻʰʰһȥɣ
ֵܼɴ⣬ŲӾҪ峤ؼҡ
ȵȣ
һǶ˾ŵһġ
ԺŪóζѬ죬һ֮һȥӱˮԺϴˣٵʯҷۣǽҲˡ
˵꣬һⵣֱ˹
ܴӹСֹǼҲˮ𣿸ɶǵȥӱϵġ
Ӿ֪˸ӸҶ죬ǸҶһ䣬ʮţϵզˣǼ͵ͲʹʹˣҸӣҿǷˮûȹ
ܴܴ峤۾źš
ܴ峤ζ챻ըˣôܳȣ͵Լ˻¶ϽˮϴԺӸôţų԰Ӷ״ȥ
ֵһĻҵ飬һȥʯңһȥӱˮ
λ峤ûǰ뿪ˡ
ƿųȥһˮ׼ϴ衣
η챻Ѭøȥлңһûû˯⣬ſڣǿδУǸָӵת
źΡԡԵЩĲɡ
Ρعͷôˣ
ҡҡͷֻ룬๫˻ôһҪǿϾˣöʱЩ˹Ҳզ죿
Ρ￴˵ǣҲµһЩЦܲܿϣȫң
˸۸
Ρ˵һֱϳã˽ȴûȥݷҪ˵ϵпչңȢСϱ
⻰ﷺ
⻰
ǰ£ױʹұ¸ˣеС⣬Ѿ޸Ĺˣܿ

ů裺ׯ԰Сޡ
ļˮֱˮ£Ȼ̷۵ؾܣԭ̷ʱҪȴְҵʱÿ̫ˣ˭뵽羺ѡж׹ůɷ̰أ
һʳ͵羺ѡֵ۰£ӭҵӡ


094

ӵġָ£ֵܼһֱɵ¹ûбˮȾ֮࣬ԺĨһһ飬ǽҲۺˣȻһ£ֵװǮĶɾ
԰깶˲ŷߡ
ֱֵſһֻŻȥϴ˯һ˭յҾͱ׸ˡ峤һ翪ã˵ҪǼҳϳ塣
ԭֽܴܶŲɾϵķμԺǽ͵ץУμͷ˻ܼҴҪΡ£ܴܶ¶Ͳôˡ
峤һĶ˸л˵ͷĿͷһȺϼǰһվծɷЩûѶŷͷӸιȥ
Ȼ־һһӣֵӣܵ۸ӣⱲҲϢˡ
ܶίģֵܸǼҸһϵĻأûҲпͣһͰȥĵ˵ˣμǱɶûţ͵
һۣͣզμ˵ȥ
ܶ뵽һ£춼ӮᶯˣμλӾǸ
ʵûޣķǽȥºӴϣ鶼˵ˡ
˵ԼλΪĻȥμ͵˵ץסͻͻֱ
ϳ˵꣬ϵѾ׵ò㲻ڿЦɣܴ峤Ҫǳϳȥ
ӴⶼɶʱܿЦϼòˣҲûжˣŻģǼҹүȻǸҲĸˡ
Ѱ˼ţȥ˵䣬˵㣬μҵĶǲҲû͵û͵զ͵һˣͷ̧ͷģμô벻úôˣ
һȥμ飬ͷˣϾױ¶ͱȥģһѾ֪ˣԼȥ뻢ڵű˺
ǸҲ֪챿ȥ˵ǸѼϼˡҪ۱֣ѹμλһͷأȥһ֣û׼еá
һ飬԰㲻˵ҶˣҪ۱֣һһ
˾ߣߣӳ¼ž׼ɱμȥӵ硣
⻰
ӣЩҪģԹͷ


095ôˣ

ָС˵һûۣմ˸ˮ׼лԺűĵֱ졣
ӻΪηŮǰ˼׼ţϵ͸ŷ촫˽
б㿪ŰҶӵʹһ㻹˳壬ͷװʲôǧˣ
ŵĶһ٣ļҷ蹷û˩ô˭ҧ˭ʺԶ˰ɣ
ѾϵˣҲ֪Ϊʲôġ
˶ҪȥΡסӦܼλˣȥҲûãʮ˴壬Ҳֻεס
Ҫȥŵı߶ˣԼϱֻûû뷨
˼Ҳ
ôţûΡȰƿš
Ťͷϱȥûɶ¶һ徲ٳŸɶȥûͷ蹷ҽһҧզ죿
ܲ˼س˳ǣתݡ
˫ֲԺŴô׼ҵҶôǼҪɳôµ¶˸壿
ֱӱЦι˭׼ңѻݣҲԼһĺë𣿡
ϱǿ׶ˣţҪͿţбһܣҶСȸϼ㣡
˰źͷӸոϴɾĵضƾɶҪĸ̣ˣб£ѧӷǽףҾӣ򣡡
ͷҵţ
ߵԺǽߣʯͷţһϹͷò׷ǽͷͼ浹һصĻƶôˣղŲͦͣ
ҧгݣ㡭ѻƶɨˣ
ҾͲɨҪҴ򡣡
ϳ۵ϵĻƶ˰Լе
ûԱ²ǰɣ˳ǽߵʹ󷽵صݹȥͷŸɫںĴëë棬ˣ˳
ϱôëëŵúëˣ㡭ÿ
ӷǵãǰ͡
۳ëëҪԼһһɱУǽͷ
֣ͣã徻ˡ


096ǧĻ

Ρԣųӣû¶ɣ
ӳǽһĸǧĻİɣˤ
꣬˸ǷַԸΡ䣬˵һûۣҪ˯СһŸͷӺͷ￪ţ˶ͷˡ
Ρף˵ˣЪŰɣ
Ӱڰֳ֣˷ʺϻǻӦԳˣ˯úܣ߶߶ˣϱ緹ȥ

ϱֶһǽǣˤǽͷĲҽġ
ζɼŸɨǽǰûɶأ
ϱԼˣ˵ʲô飬ǿˣܼλǾͭˢӣӲӲ磬ֲ˺áûôǽͷȥˣǰϹͷôһˤҲðзϡ
ζʣǱǼױֵģ
ɲզģϱƲƲ죬Ҳ֪þ˼ʲôϡȻǵܼС˻ϵģûû˻
ζɴнӹɨ㣬Ըɨﲻ˵кöҲ˼ҵģͱµˡܼλﶼԸͷСֶΣѹģҪŵǼˣͱкӹˡ
ϱ˸ۣȻΡļױǼŶ֪ѹǴ¼ģμ洫ıô˵ļױͺпͷԵ鱦
鱦˭ǣϱǵ﷢һ뵽ţ˲ˡ

ؼҺ̱ڴϲ϶ֱ
ͷѾǼҵϻˣͷȫǴˣһӸϽʰ

ڼ˰ûȵ˴һ£˵ͻܼҴˣϽһңսͼһѷضſˣɷƣŵùǺûǰؼҡ
¸ݺˮ
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һ̤ż˻ˣǳЦҵģզô磿
¸ºˮ룬ҪǲǲǻŲͷ£
ҡûа
ļױͱȥİɣ
¸ŵˣҵģҽ͡
ðͣš¸˵ԲùȥҾͲƽϣҪԲȥҲ²ҴŵرȥҲƨˣֱʰʰһߡ


097ҪҪǮ

һĶˣʱôΪɶͷ˲֪㻹ܲҪΪ˳ӣҡ
¸ĻΪ˶ӣܽ͵˵Ķȥѧã
ЩǴǼڳģôͳɱ˵ˣҧӣȥŸǮĸ˵ˣʮ󻹲ȫȥˣæ˰죬ҺͶӾͳ˶ٴʲôң
ڿϳߥ˳ȥˣ
ҡ
飬һȥʱɲô˵ģ˵Լɶ֪ȫ˳Ը⡣
¸˵ĳȻѻ˵ˣӵҲƽϣֻһ仰ҪңҪңѡѡʰߣѡ˷ң󲻹ʲô㶼ܲͣÿøТҲ٣˽ȥӼǣҲ׼
ҵģô˵ģҶ޹ˣ¼ˣܸ𣿡
ѡ񲻲¶ˣ
ԥ˸ձˣҪûǮһʱģİȥ
ˣɶָ޳ãû㣬Ǿͻȥˣ
ϴ֣
¸˵Ҫţͻԣ˿ڣǾ͸ϼҴڵۼŲߣԴȫһ˸š
ܹɣϾԼҲûôҪ׼ˡ
ױͱȥģҲΪĻŻȥ͵μץסֳڴȥˣ˼ҲԹԹ˭
ϳƿԡ
뵽˸ոջҼ̣ûһˣͶڼȥݸ¸
ܴϱŮͶˡ
¸ֱܴӽݣһߣҪǮӣǸؿɱӲˣôţǲǶ˼˼
ϰӷ£˲֣磬ǸɶأǮ
ͱˡܴɵƸ٣Ǽǰθë֣ϽǮɣҪҲɣһӾŲˣסȫԸŰɣ
磬˰ɣɶʱǷǮˣ
ʱǰ˵ĻŶĹ򣬾Ӧˣ
ٷϻܴѾƵͶ·˿Լӣ
룬ǴӰ¸⴫ɸո˿ţ˵ҪûضˣμȥǼһźü䷿һסȥ⡣
ܴϱĻϲô˵
ܴݺݵһۣɫ׵ò񻰡
ϱԿǣ֪ģΡ׼ϾɱҪȥ״
ǮҲҪˣܴקϱһ˫ŮƵ뿪¼ҡ


098˭׹Ůأ

ұϳȥμͷ徲ˡ
ڷ˯ȥ
ηʱԺ类ˣûŽ̽Դ˳ʹᣬûŵǹѬķˮζſģϺͷϵذȫˣ۽ȥɣ
ϵִĶͷѽҪ֪ˣֵ˵䡣
ηһϰΪӣ˵˵£
±ηֵ죬սϵСԸ˵䣬Ҳ״һԺ뵽У˼ҲǾˡ
ϵͳȥģлø£ûӰڵʲôףȫȥлҡѡη˵ġ
ԺǱˮϴһɾǽҲ·һ飬ɶζûУŮЩЦɵ˰ɣ
ܰǵáηЩţԺӼֱɾе㷴˵ǲߴضˣ
η³˳ȷǼû컹ζѬģôһҹ֮ͱˣ
˵˲߳ǹСӻˣ֣˼ǷˣýȥԷ
ηСɩɩǲԺ˸ףŪóζѬģǸλã
˵ţָָԺǽߡ
һʱԲ׼СӵϣԼشǻǲǣûʲôӦֻվǶ
ϵηһۣˣΪɩϴֳԷɣ
η߹ȥסĸ첲˳ݣڷǰ¡
ϵط˯óӦǱܼҵһޣûתͷȥݽΡԷ
ηڻ·ϿܼᶫʱƶΡһʲ֪Ǳȥˡ
а磬ġη˸Ĵָ˵ɶʱҲ£
ң
Ρ֪׵¶
ηŵСֱӿһһʮȫˣؿСɩɩΣҴ侲ѩ
ΡЦһֽۣĿηϣڣҪģֻһ취
ɶ취
Ρ˵¶
û˲ǣη˸ۣܱܲÿζö˵¶ⲻǻС𣿵ǸǰྡТأ˵ǰɣ
ϵľܾŮεС񣬿⵱ģܲ˵乫ɩͬ꣬ѾʮߣСˣٵһ꣬ǾϹඣ
ҲŲأηֹ
Ρ¿ӣ˵˾䣬֮ǰ˸ܵĺüǾͲǲޣѹû˼ҡ
һͿˡηü̧°Ͷ׸磬ôذɣǻҰϻβɣ
ΡͷУˡ
ɶû˵ˣɶˣ
ͬһô꣬ΡĻܲ˽Լãǰȥһسǣ¬ˣ˵ֻҪԺ°ף룬ȥǹӼ顣
Ҫȥˣɩɩ϶ҲҪȥģȥմ֡
ģηֻˣֱ磬˵ɵɩɩأҪҳõ㣡
Ρݸȥԣи
ιֻҪȥǼ棬˵һʮҶӦ˵ɣ
ʱúúøɩɩߣԼܸ鷳
ηЦУҪô˵׸أôҪ󡣳ɣҴӦˣ϶鷳ġ˵ˣҾȥǣҲԺ԰ײɣ
ôϵ廰Ҫûɣ˵ĻȨ˸Ρ
ѽͲε𣿡ηˣζȥǣò˸룬Ըûأ׵һˮ
ϵԴСѾͷͲ˼ͦࡣ
ǿɲη˳Ӧ˭׹Ůأ
⻰
ϴpk˺˵1pˣȻ29ſʼ2pʱټӸ
ûж


099

Ժѧǰ²ŴӾǳǰݸһ·Ѳ
Ρѧ˵ݵʱǾѮ
³ͷԺкü¡
¬ͳ֪ĺǰټϸηŵںΡӲиÿ쿴ʱϷ˸
Ρרעʱһ
ǰģ´ŵ;Ѵڸн͡
һʱĥдǿˡ
Ϊ˸ԼţԶԵˣⲻŰֻԼԱȡ
ôһƣԼǺ츳ģ˲侫ٱ
ΡͷС뿴д֣ƴؿסԼ֮ǰЩҳϼ֮ͱøá
ʣҲ֪СϱΪʲôô仯
ΡûдֻǵЦţרעСջߣע鱾ϡ
Ժҡȣηڵظ紷ΡӦȥǵ¶˵ˡ
ŤͷưѸNɪģҪϣҿײſڿȥ
ηˣûôԼҶӵģⲻñ˵ĹӴԸɶˣؿ͸°׵ţԺ㡣
ʮ»̥ĶŲ㣬ûӻӡ
һ¶컯һ¶
ôЩ꣬żȥ˶ٸ˶һöûУϵù˻˵ֱ˷ʤ
֮ǰؿ͸ûʲô⣬ӻΪתˣûãȥһ˸ػЩ࣬⵱˰ء
۳ûҪȥˣôô̤ʵ
ηȴô룬Լÿεùܷ׻˵Ǹиģû׼и״ԪӴ˺˸գƽơ

ϤչˣΡͷϵûͽˣ˿ڲûʲôӡǡ
Լ鷿ö죬ΡҲۣ˸̫ȵӣȥسЩᱡĲϻѡ
Сڻû壬ͼлӭһģڸʶλˡ
л˵ֱ򵥺Ρк֮˵⣬λ̨ģǴʱ·ʵͷϣϸһ²֪ڸʶģⲻҰ˸ˡ

100Ҫûǰ;

ΡЩ˻ΪֻƼˮ꣬Ժ󲻻ཻ̫ġ
ǰǸóȻã߶ˡ
˶ſˣֱܲӸȥΡȽݺȱ˵ɣ
ǰͷ·˽
лûΡһʻôʶģ
ΡԼ࣬ʱסͬһջżȻϵġ
лָָϵ¨֪ˣ
Ρۣû
˼˵ˣǳġлѵõﷺζҪ˵Ҳһˣͬô꣬㶼û̹һ֣ôţʶˣ͸յˣ
Ρһۣĸֲʶ
лᣬҿɹܲţҪ͵һˡ
ɰΡ˵Ǽ˽ʰʰޣȥɣһһֵؽ̡
ƶ˵ȥĻóȥˮɱϡл˳ⲻĥŸǷһµļ٣ǻȥɵǼ˽еǿλȻӦˬ죬ѧģʱˡ
пˣΡû涺˵ͬʱҲûţԺ๫ˣ˵Ƶġ
лǴˣͷͣ˵ʲôԡ
ǲ
ĶɣΨһ׮ͱȰˡл˵ؿζ˰׵ˣǲ֪ͷжȡҲ֮ǰûչôǲ̣쵽Ϲĥãºˣ˸˸Ѷѽֻܷſ˽̣أͷſ˸ѧ
Ρ˵ܾĻлüв׼סǼҵģɱû㰡Сɩɩ̫ˣôһţӾˣʲô¶ۿɲ²׼
˵ˣ˭أС¶ֻҪ翪ڣҴܰ˸쵽Ǽȥʡ鷳
Ρˣһ·ѺжǰɣűҾͷأ
л֣ʥ
ΡĬ
лѲûеȻûӦȴѾ˴㣬Уһٰ˸ȥȺ뿪˽ԺȥǴھ顣
ˬ죡лЦ
ѧƽʱһûʲôǶΡôӵˣͲ̫ҪҪûǰ;
⻰
pkʼӸôô

101ߴ

ΡлǰŽݣѾдˡ
²õĺվΡҾ
ΡӹĲ룬Ȧϣһڲ˵˾䣬ֲؿɣ
ûֱӵ⣬֣ѧкЩĵط㣬㲻ߴͽ̡
ѧӲȹٳϵûôĹĶǣΪѧʶ۵һΪѵĲ٣˴֮Ƿݴ⡣
ϣΡûʲôָժԷģͷһۺ˵¨װ֪ʣǡ
ǼҸ˶ʮأܵ¶ĥš
лû˵ֱ꣬ӽӹ磬ôŰɣҼмշõ̸ϣڷ絲˯ɣǲһҴȥ١
˵ȻסΡһЩôһܿΡÿϢģζ飬Ҫﲻܼʱ̡
˾͵˵̬ȣһ㣬˻׵ġ
תлֹ֣ҴԶлַˡ
лڰ֣ǱֵȻ㲻ͬȻˣǾԵ֣Ҷǳһ򱼵ѧӣһӦġ
ٴл¨Щ˵͹೦ôһʡ
ϵ˼յӣָΡשһл
μû裬Ρֻһ۾ͿĲˣ뿪ЦлҹǼģ
лһ²ŷӦҹڣиǼҼأ߼۸ˡǱǮȥ⣬ûãⲻǻڿϴԶȡˡ
лǹˣһ仰ǿĸ⻹治Сܰŵһ̶μˡ
ˣû뵽Լصô˸ǳ
Ρ룬ֻóϣûﲻϣҼˣЩǮȢϱúùҪҾǲġ
иҲãֻҪйѡϱķΧܹһȦڣԼһ޳ɣҾֲãôӲֵĴѡ
ĸ˲ϣȢĿ˵ؼůѣ˵ȻҲġ
ǰͦԱԼĶλ׼˭ҪúõģԼ͵ȵһ䡱֡
ǧСĹֻϷʵʵ
ΡЦߴˮʹ޿ɺǡ

102

͹೦õݡ
ڿп˵ʱʹηͷæˡ
ηȲʣСɩɩ˭ͬѣ
ͷ
Ȼ㲻ͬ๫ܰ£˵Ĭѡ
ηȻЦ£ôһͷһؼأ
׼ȷ˵ллֵܣѹûʲôѡ
Ϊǳĵùʣŵ˶Ըӽ
ηļУһǶģɴĬԵӡ
⻰Īᡣ
๫ҪжǿģܳΪ޷ı˹ʮǷĮ
ηԼ㽻Ǻ£ĵĵȴǶӵİΣ
Ǹ令̵ˣΡ£˭˭ȹעĶǶûˣûﲻ費Ҫ
УΡС¶ĸ׵ĲòУʱʱ߾衣
ϲԸϣҲ֪СǸ΢עܱջȥˣá
ԺһСڳ˳ԣʣµģԸ͵ݡ
Ρڸлͺ˶˵ƣϵֱȥҾˣڼҡ
ӰڲʱлҪѧż٣ȻΡȥͺ˴ڿƿ¶̲ס˾죬Ҳû˵ģֻΡ¶Сġ
лͺ֪Ρģ׼ù⵱һƬġ

鶨Ժлܿ͸˽ѧ˼٣ڳλ
ΡÿԹ緹ԺȥлңڿΡ
徭ԺԺԵĿ
Ρд´岻㻪ʵᣬһɨȥص㣬ҲκһΪӭϲöдķϻ
ˣˡ
Ҳؿ͸ôѧӱԭ򣬲û˭˽ף£ܶѷڶٿУܾ޵׷ҳĿ
лͺ˿ĽǶȱΡԵЩһÿ˻ǳ
˼ؿΡҾ˵еĹûˣһÿΣʤҺʮذ
лҲидҪǽΡۣ֪Լ֮ô
л˲ͬΡĸмϣֵܣһӡ
Ρʰһ¶Զ˵绹ҪȥسǣǶλԱ㡣
ͲǽܰʱѧϿΡ
οÿνĶѾ࣬㹻Ƕüˡ
Ρ߳л˽Ӵʱ棬Ÿӣ±ɹÿ鲼š
ָ緹
⻰
ʮ㿪ʼpkǾ仰ϣҶۺղأĵСɰҲ׷^_^

103һ춼ΥԼ

ΡߵǰĿȾ˼Ц⣬ǰѧϿʱʹڼҵôˣ
˵ߣ񴽱һĨЦָָԼ
Ѿ˺þãٲԣ˿ɾˡ
Ρȥ
ҡͷ
лһ˶ûͨȥҲȥʡһûʱš
ΡȻнӹ˵ӱ߷󣬲ȣܳȥǶ
ףŻؼҵ·ߣӱߵʱΡѡ˸ƺɾܳĵط£Űķ˶˳
ͷӷȷʵˬˡ
ֻһ꣬Ρڶ񣬡Թˣ
ЦЦصظһ緹ȻڼҾͳԹˡ
ΡӦѾõ˴𰸣Сʱ뵽ʲôͻȻ˾䣬ˣûʲôõԤУ
ϸ룬ûУҪԤУ϶ҹ๫ġ
ҡͷΡԷģȥسǣҪҲ˳˳ľͺˡ
Ǿúν
ǰ쿴飬о仰ô˵ţˮڡ
๫ǲıģܲΪù͵һӶڼҲȥ
๫ԺҪٳˣÿԵ˺£ǿɶȥˣĿǰЩСС֣ʮ֮һҪµĿȥô̸룬̸
˵๫̯ôùϣֻҪڣ;๫ƽ޹ʵرүŪ

Ρ극ͻؼңС׼ȥسǡ
ʵҲû¶ˣƥᱡһĲϸѡ
ԭ˼Сȥˣ๫ڼҶ࿴ΪԺ׼
Ρûͬ⣬Ҫȥ·ͷʱӺ§ס˵ҴӦ˻չһӣһ춼ΥԼ
ǰѵɤ˹ͷˡ
תͷӦ˭
Ρû̫Ĳˣ죬ڰݱʱӦġ
úЦĸɹڽʱ򲻻˵Щ滰Ҫһԣ˲Ⱦ㲻ˣĻ˹ŮȢȥ
ΡСѾͷ
ʵһֱȰƿӦԭ򲻽Ϊɩһԭ½
ǸݳյŮӣĸףĹԼ޿κΣû֪򵥡
Լ濼ȥȥǻ̫Ƿ

104ˣûСʱú

Ǻ˴ɽúǼ£Ρ׿ʲôйٴһѹˡ
ȨΪĴûȨֵƽͷֻܱѹեҷҲˡ
ˣҪƿˣıȨΪģֻΪԼļܶмӹ

͵͵˼δϣسǵĻỻӵģ˻ụ̂ͱΡˣ˵ֱûգҲûǲûǮˣֱӰǮʲôԼȥ
˸ΡҲã˼˵ͲǵõȻ˼ٸ
iûǮҲûйֵ£ׯ˼ƥϺͷԣȥӻЩɻ㣬̻ؼҡ
Ρ˵ջؼҾͰǿi
iһơ
ܻǮɶǵѹף
ļױΡ˵Ůҵļױһ㲻򲻵ѵʱܶ
ױŮżҵıϣ
Ρ˵ǡ
ʣҵǰûѼױʱ㲻Ҳû۸
˵ΡǱͷԼ̱ദŶû˵һ䲻ǡ
Ρ
ȻǳˣûСʱú塣

һµʱ䣬лͺ˴Ρѧ˴顣
ǰΡлȥسǾ¥Է
Ρûܾûû˼ֻڳʱȷղ²ŷĸǶߡ
ĵηҪƵö࣬ˢʱСɩɩԹлұҲˣ粻һģԺϣ˵Ǹպµģɶ֣
̫С⻰ʲô˼¶ɻ
η޷޲ƽоϻС̻ͽܶʦպµİƿľ鶼ѧȥˣһԺҪǰͷȥһϲϾˣ
Խ룬ηԽǸպµ߯Ļ
˵̣˵ˣһװǣɶôֱӰѱ˶ĳɹժﴧűԸġ
̴ǽһž죡
Ҫ磬׼ʮޣٺԶٷöٻ¾ûڶģ̫ʵ۶˿˶֪
߹ȥЦŸСӸ˳
ηˣⶼɶʱСɩɩȻЦóһҲò˰𣿡
񴽱ߵЦݵȥȴᶨ˲١
ں๫ܲͷҪˣ۶ΪˣҪǰˣֱûϣٿһǡ

105֮

Ρسǻηһſˣý磬ʵ˵ԺûаͷҲǰи׼
ΡЦ£ǳһ
ηȫǸѧʲô˰һµĿΣֵֻһٷǮ
ѧ޼ۡΡ˵Ҫô㣬ҹҲһµѧѡ
ηƲ죬ȫˣԸզ죿۳ſû¾ҪԺˡ
˵̻ͽܶʦ
ηûĬϡ
Ρûϸ͡
Ϊһϸʦ̱˵ͬʱԼҲѧǰ
һֱͣԭزϵıȫڸˣɽײĽʲôֱ
ġʦҲҵġ
ĳȵηõ˲һţֿЦݣѧ˶٣Զʧģǰɣ
ΡЦ

¥һ۹󣬺ûΡл棬һֱת۾͵˾£Ժڼ
ΡʰʱԤС
ͻȻͣͷϵĶ鱾Ρ̧Уǲﲻ
¸յõһڴϣüͷ΢΢
ΡԾ˹ʣôˣ
˸ƣԤвá
ΡɫѿӦǱء
ѾϰͻȻ֮ͻԤУöѽܣɫ糣Ա£ģΪʪЩ
ƽȥ鷿īд
ͬһ֣һ
ԤǣԺľʱ˷磬Ϊλͬ㣬λΡͺˡ
һվΡһվˡ
ϰ׵ٳٶ᲻
ľǾѧǡ
֪Ϊطĸ٣Ϊ˱ӣܲ롣
ųĥòҪ뷨ӱΡԺİףܽλСԪ˲ű͵ӼȥǨ档
Ȼ˭Ҳûϵ·ɱҧ
Ǹˡѧӣ֮ǰû˵ȻһдƪΡᲢ۵¡
֪Ϊ˳Ǩ׼һһ꣬ѾĲζȥΪһֻС黵ԼĴ¶һʱţǼ⣬ʹУ˽¹˴֣аѺ˸ɱˡ
ԺһΡֵøϴθһǣ

106С׶㣬αѷ

ϴθֵԤҲֻǸʱĺΪؿһһʱ벻ɱ
أΪ˳֪ǰ̶ɱ
ͬһˣͬȴϴθӼ֡
ΪĿں˴Ρȡ˾дһˣòѡ˭ס
Լ๫ʵģȻԤа֮˵˴Ժʮþõףɻͻڣ˲ͽˡ
ܲԼ๫⿼õⱯ緢ɣ
˸๫õ͸ˡ
ƿǾ˵Ĵ¶΢ֲأͺܿʧ֮ۡ
ܲٿϣǶ˭˵ġ
˭ٴҲûڿǫá
ԽԽûޡ
Ҫ֪£͸๫Ҫ̺ôྭġ
ºˣͽʦĳɹʦһϸ¡
ôо˸۶ǣ
ΡĿëʵϸָϣʣƪµķǲͦƣ
ͷ
ΪƣһƽɫŻľΪѡ
ΡȻǿһķдˡ
ŲԾëʣקקΡ䡣
ϣ๫õ
룬бİ취γͻ
ΡҡͷĿǰݣ޷֪ţ黹ûǰȰԺ˳֡ǸˣϴθҲˣʮҪǿģҰģҪȻҲҵķȥдԺ£Ϊģڴ˴Ժһ˴ȫʤ
ҧгݣʲôգǾԣ
Ժͷˣطĸٶϱ뱣ȥӼ顣
ǹӼ࣬ǿѧζȫѧ
Ρ֣ؿ͸ͷģԺͷϱʱôˣ׾ͨ
СԪǰʮ궼ûĸʡһ˵ȥǺֿԱѪλαܱȵ
Ȩ⣬֪ӽˮѡΡ
òġ
Ǻ˲๫ѪλƾʲôͷҪ๫õ
ΡԺ󣬾ԺӦû죬ҳһ¸Ļϣü
ҧŴСȭͷġ
ѹϻ˵С׶㣬αѷ
ԵĴͷᵽˡ
֪Էȴ޿κεĸо˲Ӭܡ

107СǾ

ûôȥǵ¶ϾᣬϴΣӹһʵǰ˸ǡ
ϴסǼҿջѾȥһԹһġ
һ·ֶһջ̱ڴ˯һ
뵽๫⼸Ӧû࣬û˯ȥǿƤȰúãΡʲô
ΡȦΣĻȣֱӴ˱Ŵϣлҳȥ㰮Ե⽡
ԼȥģǶΡ˫ȴܸ̤ʵе۾Īů
СŮ˵ɬû¶֣ǿ򶨣ͷ
ΡҴñǣܿųȥ
ȥ˼ɿڵĵģȥ̯׼ݡ
ԱͻȻһ֡
Ρͷû뵽ˡ
¨ȻǸյǣûãΡЦ⣬߹ߴкԭô͵˰
Ρɫܵһ;飬ǰˡ
ȻǴӵ硣Ĵָ˼䣬̯Ѵõ⽵ݸΡæǰϰ壬Ǯ
ΡѾˣֲؿ
һ£ܿͻЦϰҲҴһݰɣһġ
˵꣬ŤͷΡˣסģŸյûҵŵĵطϴξΪסͬһҿջŽµԵ֣ôϣĥŲ䵥ֲٸסһҿջɣ
ΡЦ°͵˵ǰͷԶջǼңûͲ֪µԼȥˡ
̫ˡ
˽ӹϰ⽣ǮΡǰߣﲻ˵ؿ͸˰ףҪ˵εԺҲûˡ
ΡЩЦЦԼã
ͺͷϵʭӣŰ˵֮ǰȥȡֵĲѧֱ˴۽磬£硣ôţСԪǲǻͣȥ¥ʹ
ΡûӲ磬ջǰֹһƽġˡֹ⡣
˽ȥպûһ䣬Ρһ¥
Ρ¥Ժ˵£Щˣ֪˲Ʋˣǵסҿջ
ΡڵƵǰָ˿ӣﴽСǾӣҪʵϣҲּëƤСϸʹӣҪ๫ʲôˣ

108ƫ

Ժֻʣ졣
зΡͿʼоתķ硣
һķǲٵϲã⣬ɣ˿˿ۡ
Ҫת޷ַ
һ֣ٵϲߡ
Ҫϲıʻ£͵Լԭķ϶ЩƯĴʻ㣬Ҫϲʵһ£ҪԭĻٽһΡ
ڶڳӹķ񣬼Ȳȫֺ٣մôûʲôʵԵݣϲࡣ
ַϬƫ
߼˵ģУ񵽸һ֧ʺɨ¡
ǰĿϲûгֹƵ£дĵĿ³á
ǰĿҪôӹҪôֺ٣û˸ҷλߵļɻ䡣
Ρ˼Ƭ̣գõķ硣
ڰķٻģҲڿϲ׾ӹ
ƫķȻƽΪ˴̬ȲֻҪõúãӦò̫⡣
¶ģΡͿʼķ磬ûţһԸī
һֱҹΡдһƪ
ţСȥ
ΡѸдõ¥
˾ڿջĴõ˳Է
ϣΡѧϵ⡣
˲صЩէһ޹ؽҪϸϸȫǿϵĹؼ
Ρ˼ش𣬿˵棬־䶼ɺ˰죬ûһѺصϣ˳ǣûʱģͷԷ
յʱһζ
԰๫˿ֵ˿ջﲻƽҲһֶûȥʱʱ̧ͷ⡣
ûоʱþȻҿͷɽ

Ժ⣺ʫһףʷۡ顢徭һƪ
ʫΡдͦãλľٷ׷ޡ
ȿµʱ˲ɫ
Ǽеݣֱľ
˵ǿŲ˵ˣǴ治
ȿģŭһѽϣдݿϾȻȿˣ˾ɹϢǴؾû֪ҵɴѱ
ľԣ׷ͣĻΡĿӹȥſҲǴ˭˭ųһ亹
ĿǰƣΡ˵ðףܱסСˡ
ˣˡ
λֵµˡ
۰ѲамලΡ˼
˼ǣ۸˵ΡǸӲ̵ӣһˣʲôûãƫƫһ֮ϲġ
⻰
ȷϹ氮û(*/أ*)

109ðײ˲ռ˹

ΡѾ˵ףۼΡд£Ǽֲ֡
ӹĿ۾͸ϣ̵˾䣬ǿɶá
е£ʲô˼
˵ʥεѧݿ٣뾩֮ǰٵǰ˵ʲôλ˲ش֮ܶپһ仰Ρˣٱˡ
ãⶼѻʵ۸ˣ˭ҪҶ죬ʮԴҲġ
ľǷ׷ױ졣
˵ŲΡĿϣ˵ֻ鱣ߵ̣ۻǵճߣƪ̫ƫʵڲ˳Ϊ֮ѡؿضЧ£˸ټ͡ˣ֮ǰ̶ƪ˭дţ
ˡ
ŶԶԣƪĲͷѡʣµģô
Ҳǹ۵˼Ρƿεѹ̫ۣ˶þ͵ñռ˶ϡ
֮ܶȲҵĺðײˣȻ׾ռ˸ˡ

Դ˿˾ͲΡǰˣڿջΡкҲƮ˸Ĳǡ
·ȥϺӴҵΡѧһ¡
һڣΡ̵ȫǸɻ
µҲûΡ档
Ρ΢һףǶʱ䣬Ҳûȥоķ˼άʽΪľ·Ժһˡ
ڵĺѾǵǸֻڿеĺˣҪУͷȥӼࡣ

ΡûڸǵȰ񣬿ʹؼҡ
ûȥһֱڿջסţΪľۿ񵥡
죬ر磬¾ʮ㣬緹ͷȥһȦɫ磬ֻصջ˱飬ȴûʲô˼ĶԼϾΪ¼ҹҫˡ
ʱ򣬺˲Ⱥǿѹ̧ͷһȻڰ׵λҵԼ֡
ҡ˰ף
ָоһǳʵΡ
ȫͬ쿼ǹص
ϵשûһ𺳡
˸ؿڣʾԼҪ򶨣˼ĥ·ķ磬ǵۣԺһٶԼõõҫûжԲ˭
ϲ๫ˡʾòʮֿضԺЦЦ
˵лòλ֪͹Ӽ¶֪׼ʱϾټ
òһ£˵͹ӼѡͶˣؿ͸˰׵Ρţټ缸ߵģſ쵽ˡ
ԣԭء
⻰
ۣСײˣϲⲻ⣿

110Ա˺

ֻ˵Ժ˰׻ᱻټȥӼ飬аѰһߣټ˵ĵ
ΡԺ˷ſġ
ǣȥӼľȻ
ĲʣȭͷٶȿòϵЦԵǿ磬ղû˵ɣ֪˾ټΡ
ǰòͷʮֿ϶£һĿɲ˵
Ժŵ
Ŷ֪˵ˣŵʣйעԺûðףƾ֮ǰؿ͸ϵı֣Ҳ㹻ʸ񱻾ټѧ
ôһ
˶ͷϵ˹ģ۾ðżʵĻӡ
ûаףΡټָû뷨Ը䣬˰׵ټȴΡ
ָо·Ρվǰ˵˾䡰˰Σʸұȡ
ԣԼΡĶһϸ£Լ˶ĽԺףΡ֮仹Ǹ֮
ܱȥӼ࣬Ժ׶˵һķ̺裡
Ҫ֪粻ðףҲڱ˲ڽ롣
ΧȾƵĺȺͷҲصܻؿջʰ
ҪȥϺӴ塣

ԺɼһžͰ˲ǰظŵĿǱϲ
˸ϵϺӴʱμԺǰڷűڣȻǱϲĹٲѾˡ
ϲžһָۡ
վΡ˺ˣǰ˼к˵˰ףϲϲ
ǿһĨЦֵֵȥӼĻᣬͬϲ
ΡݸɼҪھƣֲĻ
ˡֱӾܾ
ôӣ
ǣҼҲްھأҵûȥ
ΡźﲻȴòǿѹƵһƵ΢Ц˵Ӽʦȫ֮ףʱȥˣдŻϸ˵˵
⻰һں˵ϡ
䣬ΡͿԷϵıԽһ¡
˺ΡظЦݱԼľӷȺףǽӲʵǳˡ
аף˶ΪĴָȴãⱲеûнնࡣ
ΡƮƮһ仰ȳʮĶ⻹ۡ

111

Ȼֻ£ҾͲˡ
Ρתͱ˽ס
Ρһ٣˵Ǵӳݷ伷Ρ͸İףһҲ
ܵĴ̫ȫûضţΡҵο壬Ρˣֻһ˿Լ׾õֵгɾ͸С
ȻʧǣΡͷʱıƽʣްﴽЦײר˭ġƿƾ¡ǰлϿεʱ򣬺׿˵ҺлֵܣаףΪֵܣΪˡҲմĹ⣬׵øȥӼĻᣬ˵һúúøллأ
⵶ģ߯ݣ
ε߲ǿվȣﲻò˵ԸӵĻҲ˵ˣ֮ϸƾ£ȥӼ˵ʲ㲻ͺãǰΪ¶֮ꡣ
ΡܹźִԶҵϲ⣬ֵ֮ɢˡǷСطǿ̫࣬ҪҪֻһܰģĳ
һ£Ͳ߶ˣǡ
ΡĿͺǱӰ뿪ʧЦҡҡͷתݡ

ûðҲȥǵĻᣬ¶ɰηNɪˣһظΡƣʮ˴лһ
ΡȰܺȾٺȵ㡣
Ҹ˰ηϹƵĺΣȥ˾ǣԺǼˣ˭Ʋңߣ
һѽŮק㣬øƨƵģվˡ
η¾ƱĨ˰е̣Աߵ񣬡ƨ𣿡
ͷĬĬϹСӵ룬һӲˡ
ΡôᣬǾڸμҳ
峤峤Լ˵ϻǼԪϣһ޲ڡ
Ρʼղ꣬˭ǰ˵˶ĻֻǱŵ΢Цһ״򲻶ĳɡ
ϿΡֳֻͷԷĶ˳ĬĬ̾˿
֮Ρ׼ȥٰһлʦ硣
Ȼѧö꣬ѧʦĶʦٷٲˡ
ԪģǼλʦ֪Ժ󣬼һûۣڶźȦ磬ͰΡ˸еޣ˵ûģûõҲͣɼͷҲСʲˡ
ΡЦǫ飬Ը˵ƣǵ̵ĺá

112ͷŷ˿

ƹѲʦἰΡԺ£Ρдǿ۽硣
ΡȻҰԭİʦǿˣһ׼Ÿ
ϾƫƫҲ漫ˡ
Ҫǰðôķգ֮ôҲǰʹġ
ֻҪ˵û£ǾͿ϶û¡
˵ʵƪѡûԼȻôǰΡѾúˣò֮С
Զʦǵ飬ΡЦŻ˾䣬ѧһʱ̰˼ӻЩǲ̫ˣ»Ԫؼңӵѧȥ
λŵùΡƷûٶʣ¾ʹ˽ҹ

Ρϻ·л
Ǹȥˣлʡ
ѵüŲλСɩɩͦʡ
лʦ硣
Ρһ˵лˣŵʱҲѧĶʦǳԹ
ΡлͻȻһǰǼҳԾƣʱ̫࣬ûÿڣҵһ䣬Ǹô£
ΡȻ˵ף
ǻбģΡϵı˿лȼˣʲôˮ׼˲֪ʦܲŶ壿Ҫðףǰ˳ľ۾Ϲˡ
ΡƳһۣôҲѧĸ˲ţڱǷǵġ
٣Ϊ򱧲ƽ㻹ûʣлۣضûˣٸҽ˵˵ɣô¶˰ףǲߺˣ˼ǰɣܾĶԾؿ͸ɶǰףдҲˣȷʵ׵ˮ׼ôԺ͵ôࣿһ¸ȥҲ̫˵ȥˡ
Ρ̫࣬ûôߺţ˼ƾ¿ϵġ
Ҳšл̬ȼҾ;Ժ׸ģ߶϶˵
Ҫô˵òͷڰ϶ֽţ
ǿɲ𣿡
ΪΡͷŷ˿лǾԵӵ粻ܿʲôõͷѹˡ
ѧǻΡûӿ׵ıϵȥлһĴˡ
ⲻһֱݵͻȻһ̳лôŤ
ǰܸˣЩǸƫƫǺˡ
ʲôУʲôˮ׼һµദл˽⵽߳ɡ
濴ǫѷʵӡ
ˣϸ˵Цģָʲôأ
л뿪ڣΡˣ˵ﲻ㣬Ͼճ̽û͵ߣȻˣȥǼ

113ش

ҾͲˡл˵ҵϻе¶ôŰɣߣǰ˵һС
Ρһ˾ʹ˷ֱ
صңĳüݣΡ߹ȥôˣ
ӿɣҪŷϾ
Ρף֮ǰʹӦģܲܳ˵СȥǼҲãǲټʶ
ȥã
Ρһ£˵꣬ҵûԣҲͲһʱ䣬ʱҰ˸ͻ
ϱأҲȥ
ȥ
Ӳ̫ͬ⣬˵Ρȥ飬ֲȥ٣Ҫȥˣסó⣿ǿɲһ죬һ꣬һûӣμЩҵûҲסôܵġ
ΡûǮϸֻǺЦʣ벻뱧ӣ
һ䣬ֱӰӸסˣȷӦ񶼱ζɣ˵ģ
ǰ浢̫ãʱҪˣǲȥǣڼҵһ꣬
һ룬˵Ҳǰشһᣬɣͳ仰ǰѼҵͿգҲôճھСԺϱ
Ρ˵ãǮ£ͲزˣֻҪͬҰСú񶼴ȥǾС
Ǯšüͷ㶯ļױɣۿɲܸ˴ż¶μҵǲ񣬿ҲϱֵĵزɵˣҽҪأ
ΡЦ˵ô¶ˡ
˵˵Ǯ
ΡͣﻹǲǵСʱڵ̯Եһ̨
еӡ󡣡˵ʱȥ֣ԸҪóԵģҲѣҪƵţôţǻǸŶ
ۡΡݸ
ǰѲ˶ʮıˣ
Ρͷʶ˸߼ۣҾ͸ˡ
ͦʰһţ뿴ɵıôȥˣ
ΡղصıҲֹһ̨
ãҲ㳶ԶˡӰڰ֣Ժץĸӣ룬ҹҹ룬Ӷðˡ
Уǲӣҿɲұ֤
һ壬㻹˵ɶŰɣ˵ҪǸѾͷһ̥ܰȥ

115̴þ

Ρдƪ²ûڸǡ
չ۵˼Ļ˾ǡ
æĹǰһֳŶͷ׼úǸӾдʲô׵ĶȻЩѼλٸ
۵ֽ
䣬ϵɫѾȫˡ
Ρƪ£ھεĸܣķôʴ󵨡
ôдֱвԱ棬й۵˼
ôˣȴȻֹЩãƿƤȥ
ֽе㶶ʡϣ΢
Ϣ
һӳӹֽԼ
͵͵Ź۵ɫ
Ϊմŭ˭֪ۿֽ꣬һӣͻͻ̫Ѩֻĳһ仰Сӣд
ôҪ˼˵ο
ϸҵʧɢӡ
ĵݡ
µ¶ôƮƮطƪˣʳ磬ӼյǱߵľټûУ
ףһյģѾ󡣡
۵ͷǿò˶ãСӾ͸ˡ
粻ɵø̣òỹװ˸ǰհɣⲻû¶Ҵ̼ʲôë

չ
Ρһ£֮ǰѼضȥֻ߽߱ǽǸϡ
ϵһӵĻ˫־ûʱͻȻ֮䲻ÿ쿸ųͷµˣе㲻ӦΡҪŰɣҺﻹ͵öǵƤ
Ρͬ⣬һӣҲʱúúЪЪˣҰôɩеæҪǾģǴӴ򷢴ʱҲɡһ㣬ҵ֣˵׼λǼµظɻ͵ڰ⡣
ôϵ˵Ҫǲģĸɵꣿ
ԼҶӣһˮƽ
˵ͦáӱһ䣬кóԵģԸ͵ųԣɻ𵱵ˣûôӶϱġǼҴӿԣҲţҪµأŶûУģ
̶ãΡηȥڰζɺͶϱ˹ѸղŵĻظһ顣
ζò⣬͵͵ϱʹɫ
ϱעȴΡȥǼĶϣ̴þɣ㿴ôųɲɣˣøɩ£ǳԣҪ볶߲ѣиͷȻǮĵطǮҲǼҳģǿ϶ѵź̹ˡ
⻰
賿114һֱûͬo(ini)o
⣬2pˣлСɰpkڼĶ֧֣Ϲ
ٶ죬ǱߵСŮǣܲͷô²ģƱƼƱ

116

ϱһ䣬Ρڴʲôˡ
֮ǰô峤峤֤Ƿݱ֤ϣֻ˵ΡϾˣͰ׸˹κκô
֤ǰΡϾˡ
ڣֻǸţȴаʮĶ˰
ʮĶܸ˹˰ġ
ϱ׼߬ԸȻ߼ȥͷΡ¼˰ٳȥ˰
ôһһĶ׬ͷǮ
ҡҡͷѹֶ˵ĸŮ
ϱԼԿ͵ӪӸϼֱһģǳġ
๫Ҫ˹Ϣͷųȥˣܵȵ
ȻΡûڣӾͽ˻磬ƤЦⲻЦŶϱȰ㣬ǳЪǷݶ˼ɣ
ҾĥţɼЩȥֿϧģϻ˵ˮأȻԼܲռ˱˲ǣ
ŶϱǸӣҲˣֱ룬ΪҲ֪ǵС̣ɼҵҪ㣬ͷǱȥһݺôͬ˰һһݺôȴñ֤˵¶İĶ˰ʮĶƾɶҪգȫƸɣȫһ˸ռˣҼɲˣ
˲ǣϱΪԼ⣬ϱû˼
û˼
ϱָ췢ģѹ
ɡӿһɣҪȫȥҿɵõȫ˵˵ǰͷɼҵֻԸ֣ⲻҪȥһĶǼʮĶҲ˰ˡ
ⲻ
ôʹæģ
ζɾ֪ôˣʲô˲㣿ƾǵУţֻŰķݶ
⧲ڸһͷԽȥϱµûţ˼ǰ󣬾ɼҵǸɽ󣬲ӹеڡ
ϱѹת˻棬ԭϱҪɼҵأĥŶЩʳܼҵסղôһ˵ͻȻˣ̫࣬ӹҲˣǲҪˣǰĻû˵
һϡôţ˼ǻˣǸӣ
ʱûϱⲻƫأ˵˶ãһ׼ܻ϶ӡ
ﻹͦҹﶼøĴָ

117Ŷ

ûҪɣϱûҴ߸Ŵ۵СۣҸͷζɻ˸Ժ
ӿԱŵϵûʲôѧʲôգɸϱТûѧᣬѧˡҽӵѻ£Ժֻ帣ٹǼҵ¶ϱɲɶʡ͵ĵƣҪϸţû׼ֲú껹ɧԱ˳ŵģ
ϵ뵽ζϱǰ˵ϰ仰ӣ̾˿ãǵҵģô˵հ졣
ӱģЦ⻹࣡
½Ĳ࣬ΡֽڶԺһðҿ鷿ı˵ˣʦ˻ǮҲܸ
ǣʦе£ǰզû˵
Ρӳȥسǣسʶġ
Ӻеˣǽ㡮ʶʦ
š
ǼȻʦզܵĶ
ΡЦҡҡͷ˽ʦҪǲǣΪͽأ뿪Ͱ鷿ʵˣʦй棬ҲͷӲġ
ӲΡղصЩҾˣӹҪôֵǮ𣿡
ΡֵֵͣǮǶ˭ù˭ղع
ӻǲס
ΡĵٸӣǼ豭ֵǮʥùͼֵˡ
⻰˵ùֱףӻȻ򣬡ʮǰ̨
⡣Ρӻ̫浱ʱù䣬Ҹ˻ֻãˣʶ˻Ʋ
̫̫棿ŵЩˤǼҾȻ̫ų̀ңⲻΰɣ
ϵַһѣ˰ඣһٱĳɾڡ
ϵһֿۣΡͷȥɣԺµظɻеʱ㿴鷿⡣
һ仰Ρ׷ģطʰ
ʱ﷭˾κˡ
һֱΪ๫鷿ĲżЩֻġ
˭룬ȻȫԼһһղصġ
ô˵
ֱ̫˾ˡ
ΡŲżܿЦЦʵһʼԹŶûȤⲻǼ洫һСʱҴӹ﷭û͵͵õسȥڵʦһƳǰùĶҪûͱҰʦ򲻸ʲô
⻰
дղعŶΪ˺һ̵棬û飬ϼƶũȫҫO(_)O~

118Ϣ

񰲾ţоλʦһǸͯ
ʦƢܹŹ֣һ˸ġΡ˵Թֻϲ̶ȣáտ񡯶ݣΪһ϶ܷɽԽ뼸켸ҹԺҲҪ뷽跨Ū֡
գգۣΡȻҪˣȥʦ
Ρҡͷʦ𾩳ǣҪ֪ΪȥУһ׼Ŷҽ
Ȼû¶
֮æ
ΡʰҪõıīֽ⡣
ʰ๫·˵ض䣬ϵָΡһв޵ѡ
η׼ܳʱŵĸ
Ͼ˷ֹȷûͰͷϵĻˡ
л˵Ρǰ˶پƣҲûԶ
ϣлԸΡƣ̾Ϣһһߣòһܻˡ
ΡٱЩЦЦô᲻ң
˭ϡ㣿лԼ˾ƣֻźҪһܿȥʡǹԺʣʱеá
Ρ˵ÿοԶһ
ܲ˳˵Ͳȥĥúõˣû¶϶Ѵ࣬ת˻Ҫ㻹ǻѧٶһɣѧȥĻҸԺҪ³ˣҲ׵ꡣ
лڣΡ˵ϸлĸһӣҽģǵû˳ϢϣһҾ
ǰͷ䣬лͦжΡѡֶˣлһھǺɤۣȵɫǺ죬Ρע⣬ƺͰΡǰľƱȡ
лԭΡû׽ŪһأûϵΡã͵ʴףԼŪģΡŻһ·ϲ֪˶ٻأ˷ӵ󾡻١

λϲղصĴ˸һǧ
ԭ̫үùĶֹΡڳ֣û취˸ѹ˼ۡ
ЩӶ˵Ѿ١
һǧʱʲôأ
ֲһƷ󳼵ٺ»ͷ
µطʮܸһɵĴլԺӽµľǣͨͬԺӶٶ¡
һǧ൱Ρھð׺ͬԺҪլԺҲðˡ
лǱȥһΡһڼҸӦ
Ӷ˵£ȥݣٻʱôЩԼܵ˽ǮóΡǰһһҡ
ΡϽӣӵТңҵǮø㣬ǾͲһ¶ˡϽţǸģǸǻûСӷĺҪǻûӣͰǮһֲٵػˣϢ
Ρ
񣺡

119뾩

ΡҪˣԪû
ϵһϣ͵
ԪվѧſڣĬ˻ϵ˵Ҳȥ
⺢ӡϵȰЦЦһ߿ɾһ꣬Ͳټһ棿
˭ϡƵģԪ˺ߣҲϵ˵Ťͽ˴ţСȭͷýģ۾ȫǾǿĲᡣ
ϵ̾ţ뿪
Ρ˵Ԫͣûö⣬¨˳ֽӹصİ
ηôû뿪ңҪˣаٸнԺſʱЩᣬȥ
Ρñͷ
ηʾΪʲôӵѾһ˳ĸߣôţһٷ
η
ǰˡ
Сӵĺ̲סЦ
ѹ๫Ҫ˶˵Ļ϶ֱˣȥɿ顣
ϵĿԶԵϰӶҪˣͲ˵ģ
ܵԣ
ﻹ֣һͷȦȴˡ
ллֵһ˵Ҫǣţͣڴڡ
Ρǵʱ򣬷¸Ҳڡ
μôˣһӺۡ

һҹû˯ã¸ɫЩ㲣ҲЩɳơ
̧ۿСţȳ컹ܡ
¸Ⱥ͵ĿͨȦϣָ˸ԴȥǶǺ¶㹫˵һͻˣ۲ްúźȽɽҲܺùЩ
ӣͷû
лţԺ󣬻¸
лΡ죬˵ĻѾ˵ˣټһ档
ҲΪвᣬţ˰쾹û˿˵
лξΣȴƳĬ˼ҳŰջԾ
͵سǣлֵܾͷˡ
ΡǸ뾩̶ߣ˶ʮŵиľǡ
˶ǳ뾩ز죬ȫһ˼ҿջס£˶Ⱥųȥҷӡ
֮ǰ๫˵۸ߣѾ׼
ηⷽѹû˽⣬ֻ֪ǺͬԺӻûμҵһ󣬾ȻҪһףһӶޣÿҲúüӡ
ⲻǮ𣿡ηòᣬΡ磬ҪһǴСɩɩȥɣȥӼסʡ²ӣԺһ⣬ۿɾ͵ó⵰ˡ
ΡЦʣˣ
ɣηڰ֣ǵҪӲżŵģѹҲʺִá
Ρûۣٴɨһ⴦ӼܽԺӣһԶҵǲֱⷿ򡣡

120̻

⣬ֱ
ηõΡһȥС˰ɣԺӶ󰡣ʮ۶õأο⻹Ҫһ˵˵½һһ꣬㿴ɲ
޵Ļһ굹Ҳ˶ӡΡҿеģضεļֵ
ʲôֵ
ηףʾе¡
һԵȴѾӦˡ
ΡСϱϵҲĵظηͣ۸ߣҲˣǷӣһһۣĵضξӼܽǸƽλãԺӣߣû׼һİò
ηȵͣκ૵ô˵֮Բֱŷֵתȥ
ΡЦĬϡ
ֻڹӼһ飬ͻȥԣǿеĻ뾩ֱиŵĵطûУԺתһ׬ٲۡ
֣֮ܶ
ǸˬˣΡһ԰ѿ壬ֱӷ˵ԺϼҾ߶ߣ͸ǡ
ȥۣЩҾѾܳ¾ˣֵǮɼܲסǳէư趼ùǮһϸɲǱСĿҪֳɵȳţҲǰӦӦ
ǮȻð¶úܿ죬ʱ֣ΡѾõˡ
ηʰԺӣΡؿջѶ
һĺԺʽСסլһԺȲμԼǵĿҲ˱ݣݺݡ
һѷݺݸ䣬ĵһΧԺӸ־Ե̫С
סμǳש߷ͻȻᵽطϴžִıƸС
ηһʰԺһֹôƵضҲҪǵǮҲ̫׬˰ɣҪֱʮװ׵ģúõڵڣϼתȥһ׬˰
⻰ͻȻͣϵĶ۾һգգؿη
η﷢ëСɩɩ㲻ɻҸɶж
عЦҡҡͷʾû£ȴѾ˲
С˵Ļһӡ
๫˵طӼ಻ԶֵֻήǮ̼׵ĻԺת֣Ǿܴ׬һʣ
ΡʱԼ뷨
Ρ˼£ôͻȻˣ
۽ޣֻǾþǵʵ̫ˣһʲôĻٶǮҲչɽա

121

Ρƽȣ񲻵ò򷿵ʱѾ뵽һ
̧ۿΡõ𰸡
Ρ뷨ʱУٵЩʱա
Ϊʲôԥ
ȣǳէ๫ѧҵΪ¶ÿվǣôҲȥӼ౨ٿǱġ
Σ๫˵ղصĶüֵ˲Ż֣һˣ³ļٸ߶
׼ʱ׼µЩΡ
ߵʱΡĴһ֣óˡ
ΡСϱĿ˼ζ㻹θˣ
ͷ
ΡûҪ˼ʱ𶯣Ϥ˾ǣ԰֣˼ҿ㲻Уѹļۡ
ô˵ͬˣ
ɿ
Ρȴ
ھǵؽ磬Ķȥǻ
ڶڷԺ浱˹˵

ΡŶȥʱηɩôϵıˣѹûüѳθ룬û취ڼԡ
ΡԼȥѡһ᷿鷿Сӳȥתת
ضͦͬڳȥԶиг·ƣؾܼס
๫ڼҶţûҵ飬Сȥʮڵİӣ˼˵ϺͽˣŽ԰ӾͽˣոԸһ٣һٺúðš
ηŰӵڲгͷͷֹǰϸ˳ûƼв˸ʣһʲ֪û񣬶ֺ̿̿ü֣˵̴󣬲ţյľ͹
Сɩɩ˵⾩ǲû˰Կڰײ˶ùǮҪ£ǲ԰ҪɶûУһʮֻĸ֪¶ٵأ
һǣüһǮ˱˿ڴˣһĥɣ̫ҪǸһ𡣡
ЦЦ
Ҫô˵ӽأ뾩Ȼǲܱȵġ
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ҽϳԷǲƽиʵ˵ֱ۹ۣͶͷ϶ˣȻû֮ǣɱϾ˽ˣôҲø²ܼɫ
½۳ĬƬ̣ڣģȥ
ҽٰ½۴ԴĲǰ˵λǳү½Сүĸףרġ
Դһ½ˣûʲô飬һߣЩɳƣүѧһ徻𣿡
½۰иҽٵ˸ɫ
ҽٺʶȤ˳ȥ
½Ϲڲǰ£ԴŲŲͷøЩƽº͵ʮ־иοĵãۻ˰ɣ
Դõֻ֣ȭͷ£еԹͺ޶ӿյȺ졣
㣬ԣΪԴ˷㣬ԭϾѾɵ˺һԭ¾ܸĨƽġ
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½ŻԴǷ̵ĻֻǣǣǣʵüĿ䲢ûļԵ˱ˮݵǰһҾڡ˵Ļһǵ˵
Դûˮʶ򴽡
ǿӲ˵ףҲֻǸСطѧûʲô棬øղŵ̬ȶүȫ½˵Ƿݺš
ƲޣȨƽ֮ǿҵĲԵȹϵлûԴƵѹȸС
½۰ˮŻȥЩţЦһ£ûǲ
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½۴Ц⵭˵˵⳥ɣΪصĲһһӣֻҪǻӻ޶ȣ㹻°뱲ӵģ֮⣬㻹ʲôҪ󣿡
ѧգԴѡʨӴ󿪿ֱ½ıʡ˿ƾһأͨ£˾ǾǸ̶ѨԼ浱˹ΣֻȨ΢ֻ϶硣
ϻ˵ţȨ֮£ԸǱǮؼҶʮİӡ

ΡӿŴˡ֪ԴѾѧ˱½ӵұԺˡ
ˡ˵꣬˼ҵĵ;ǴЩ¶һָڹȥҪǼͷ֪ҸڹӼදִˣܳȰҸˡ
ΡԴ²ûзԴΪʲôѧǱвȣǱգЩû۵üûԴ׿˵˴ҲչֻǴԣ
ֻǾã½̫½ˡ
ϱûķǣӴСѧãڴϡ

壬ˡΣ˹Ӽܣ˵Լ˼ֵȥȾƣԭҲԼΡֻΡܾˡ
ʱصſڣڼƽСɡ
Ρ֪ڵԼҴЦû£Ժ˳
ô˵̤ʵˣϽݿȰС¯ŵĽָȲ衣
η˴궳֣ɨڣûˡϡһǸ˾е֪֮ۼˣ
Ρ˵壬貹Ρ
ҲǺ¶һҶ徻һ졣
СԺôˡһͷ̧ͷģηһûеӣ־еӡ

ѧԳɼΡֵ˶꼶ڰࡣ
صˡĽʺޣΡԴ˺һᣬüҾƶˣͬԹӣҲûҴ٣ôװôĶ㶼ʲôģ
Ρбһۣ֪ҽҾ͸㡣
ҪᣬǶЩ˸˵ˡˡһţô¶νҽأû˵˵ǶҲ밡
ϾǸɩβͷҽҡײƭӺ˵ĺ˵ȥˣһǶϹһʱɩӣҲƴǣ
Ǽ̫̫̫̫˵ʶһλ̫ҽԺ̫ҽʱҽ̫ҽԺһָģֻأȥϰǨˣͷǹηѩģҹǰϹͷһʱĻϲҪǲٵȵȰɣ

131ɵѾͷ

Ρ˼Ƭ̣ˡĿûеɤͷȴ£ݲðԸЩʱ뾭ϵ̫ҽҲŸƭӵĻһ£Ầһӣʱڶ
ˡһۣΡԸʱҹעţ̫ҽҪǻˣȥݷá
ǣͦϵ
ò
ò֣ˡﲻԼһȥΡңСûò龰
ٿΡ;ؿй˵ıƣУȫòǸˣ˰ɣ
ΡˡΪʲôͻȻ֮䷢裬ôҲûֱӻ˼ҡ
ѵõģûСϱһ˫£վڴҲûǵݶæµӰݸֻηһˡ
Ρüɩɩأ
Ѽη̧ԴΡһۣ°ָָԱӣЪأ鲻̫ãʲôĲɵģҲ˵˻Ҫ绹Ըȥɣ޵ۼôãһͷһؼСɩɩŹֿġ
ηû䣬ΡȥˣƿԷţڴϣޱ¶Сؼ米Ȼѣݡ
⸱ģȷۡ
ΡŲߵǰСӨ׵Ĳϣ۾ƤЩװ˯
ΡҲûҴ֣ظҴҴǰ¶ļ米ס֮ͰƺûҪڡѡ˼
ûųȥ֪Ρûߡ
װ˯Ƥӵ£ʱˡ
˺һƿΪ๫Щ޴룬Ե۽ǡ
ˣ
Ρκѹ֪װ˯յȵ˯ѡ
ͷ㶯һ£ÿ°ʱõСӾͲˣůһһʹסԴ๫źá
⼸Ӳˬ
ɻôãΡסÿµǼ졣
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μӹ̹ȥһ࣬ÿСӶûֹ
ͷһء
ܾҲǣܵҪԭ
ôţڱֲܿƵظС۵ʧ䣬Ҳк¡
Դŵǣÿ춼űĵȻĻϲһգ๫ûΪзĴ٣Сӻˣûϡ
ҵʱΪ˵ûʲôѣҲţֲ̣ụ̂Ժܶʶ
ͷһ£ֱӰʮСſޣɴţοһֽͨ´ñܻЩʲôǸһΡ
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һֱΪһ˷һбҪûϣǾӳˡ
֮ǰһ࣬ûΪÿεؼʱ̣๫ἰʱ˳
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Ͼ֮ǰ๫Ѿ׼Ҫˣȥôãûϣǲǻʲô˵Ĳ
⼸ʹֺ˼һͨԽԽܣǲ๫ڸǰţӾͿžžµ
Ρŵòᣬæ§ʣǲˣ
СѾͷСΪǻãϾżҸýҪˣʱܳջҿھǣҪˣ͵๫˵ֻߣΡûޡ
ûΡһؿޣȿ޹ˣҲûˣһĨᣬѰ˸ƣ۾˯˹ȥ
Ρ
Ų˯ƽΡָȥ۽ϵ飬Ǻñӣųȥ
ηѼѾȫˣϴ׼Ρôͻ˳˾䣬Сɩɩôˣ
ûʲôҪ£ͺˡ
ΪСѾͷһ޶ǣΡҲûһĳƲߡ
ηˣﻹʲô׵ģһ극Ҹɩɩˮ͹ȥɣ
ҹΡȥͷ֪ɩɩСˣηص嵭ˮ
ҪԼԣΡûãԼ߶뵽ޣǾԼ˵ʲôҪԸι
ֲֶ
๫Ϥ£С뷹ֺ˺ˮ
޹һûаôˣհԼ޵ԭͳ
ΡԼǳǺ£ƺһֽϳȥҪˡ
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132

һգ½棬ƽֱӸ˻ȥ
ʱĳڣպء
Ѱ½һһͷ
½˫ֱɻѺڵϣûҿ۾һֱŵשԴʹ
䣬ɶ½壬ô޿κΣ壬˵ٻˣȥӼ࣬ΪúöѧôΪ˴ôǲͷҪǣ
½첻۸ңҲ۸ȥҪʲô۸һˣ
˭۸ˣɫ䣬ЬҲ㶯ִ˵ɣ
½ҾǿЩᣬҪǰװʲôߣðᣡ
½壡Ȼŭһϣ豭ȥˤƬ
½ɵˣţһûҿԡ
½۲Ŀɫӣ۵š
ӣúú˵ʱǻú˵ֱŭʱ
ͷһ⡣
£½ۻǳȰ˵֮ǰѾѵ壬ҲϴˣôĻϸӡ
½ۣڹӼ౻˵Ӳ¿ʱҲܰɣ
½ʱҽҩԴ˵ЩǴ󲻾־⣬Ķǵļǡ
ûԣĬ˼֣ߣĸһ̫һ죬ǳĻ
½ûз½壬Ŀ⸴ӡ
ҪΪãͲʲô𣬵òԣֱͬӼҷź򣡡
½һˣµûģն˵ˣѾϴƾʲôҪҷź򣿡
ͻͻ̫ѨˣСү͵½ȥλûбֹκ˸ͳʳʲôʱСүϴˣʲôʱٴ
½½լǱߣ½һȥǵü˿ȫЦ治ɡ
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½˫ֱ󣬶ˣֻܲͣſңſңҪȥĸ
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˵꣬ƿ½۵֣ˣȳȥɣ
½ߵſֻͷȥµ̳׼⣬ҪҪһ
ƽȵĿⲻһ˿ɫ΢΢Цš
ӢͦʣʳգĻ棬ҡ
΢΢ȥ۵һ˿ʲôҲû˵Ѿ˯˹ȥüĿ䣬ʼɢȥ
֮ദһˣ½ϰߣûٶ˵ʲôջߺ̧뿪

û뵽ҽΡﲹˣˡȥ̫ҽſڶ˰µĵ㣬ڰ˸׻
ˡǸӣ˵̫ҽΡȥ
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Ĵ¶ⲻץ𣿡ˡ˫ֺʮеҪ˿ˣ˵СӣǺҳӶɡ
̫ҽһɣϷ̫̫ͬ㱾ӣ
ã˵ʲôʲôȲӸ˵˵ô¶λͬأСʱջɤӣ֮Ҳܿ˵ˣͬңҰæҸҽĴܲκáһ룬⾩˭ҽߣǱүүⲻר˼𣿡
̫ҽߺ۾ӲСƨĹǳ˲٣ֻϧûš
ˡһ¶ˣʱǿ̫ҽԺ
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̫ҽ۾ֻһ죬ĶȶûãСʱץȥ˲ʲôֱոȥ
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Сӣ֣
ɣûôβˣⲻǺŪ𣿡
ǻÿ̫ҽһӣʮϣûΡ
Ҳš


133ָҲûϵ

̫ҽһϹͷ׻񲻹Сᣬû󣬱ӲקΡҡ
ѰģûһͺΡ˸
̫ҽˡã汻ӿӵˡ
ˡڵǰֻҪܰ˸κãҪٺþƣӶ
̫ҽ˺ߣҶôˣܺȶ٣ӰͲǰײأ
˲ǣӴͽֺͶá
СӣͿɾɣƪ֣ʱϷβˣүͳǹƨĥ¿תȦˡƣҪ⸴СӸǰһͱùӳԵģ
⸴ˡλ󽫾
ˡƤˣвѹס˵ģβεúã۲ȼܹƾһ͸ϵģһҲûزǣ
ϷĹأ
ãȼˣжٹضǶһڣ𣿡
Ρվһ˳˰죬òͣϽǰ̬ʮֹΡ
ˡ˵̫ҽǼ̫̫ͬҽúүүͬһҺˡ
̫ҽһۣ˼ʲôؾ㺰ôĶռ˵ģ
ˡֱۣСֹҪүүָ˭ռأ
ΡЦſһۣλɣ
η˵пҪѾѲˡ
֪ĿλҽĴصСɩɩɤӵģʶȤûˡϾſ˵Ĵ˱衣
̫ҽɨڣֻηһŮ죬Ρ˭ǻߣ
ΡҼڸ׼¾Ʋˣ
̫ҽ룬ؿΡͦأ
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˵ţָؿˡһۡ
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˵䣬ӽˡ
̫ҽ׼һվƣһըִĻ׺Ͱţ⡣
̫ҽһӣͺڣμС׼ȫ϶Цӡ
ݿӹʱ̫ҽصһۣĿȺͣŮʮû˵˰ɣ
ӵصͷ
⻰ˡͲˣйŮǰĸѽ
̫ҽ۸ģ˼˵Сٲ죬ŲҴӳ㣿
ˡԼһƣ飬ҳȥǡ
ûˡڰ
Ρû̫ҽɤӻûĿܣη˸ƱԸ̫ҽϣԼҲһȸΪ
̫ҽһƵ¶żҵȿԼûǸͣһС
˵ţٴο񣬡Ůſͣһ
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ΡЦͷ
ˣû̫˼Ťһ£þòŻſ죬Ŭһѵġ
ʧͻȻڣס˺ܣʱѾ˵
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Ρʲôֱ˵ܳܡ
ɤӣΪ˻һԺܻøЩû취ˣҲ̫
ϾԼûΪ񲻻˵
̫ҽҡҡͷ·ܼʱҽΣлָĿܣʱ꣬ûʲôϣˡ
΢Ŵ͵͵ȥƳΡı顣
ָܻĴ๫̬ȣ᲻ΪԼһӶ˿ڶԶԼԼ
ΡᣬԵŴ棬ѻӼиŮӹѧкĹݣԭŵָˣȥġȻϣǻָҲûϵ˲ȥĹݣӰ첻¡
⻰Ǳల˼롣
ˣŵĲȥ
̫ҽÿϧôСѾͷȻ˵ϸĥһ£ȿȥץҩʱãԺϷֻҪһı䣬ҾָΡ
ΡɫԽǾͶлˡ
̫ҽʿ˷ӣֺѾƼ˼Żײűˡͻȥ
ηʰӣûڣСΡ磬Сɩɩָܻ𣿡
ԸɣΡָܻòָˣҲɩɩ
סηͷİɣҲˡ
⻰
½ھ͵15ϼܣĸʮԺϣϲɺСɰ֧ܶ棬ֶ֧ģжģ²аѹдʵĶǣôôôôգ

1341

ҩΡȥץģηƬûֱϴҩ޸ڻ¯ϼ塣
ʱΪһպȹٿҩӣѲ¿࣬ҩȵϾüôʲȥһֱ³
ʵ̫ˣȹҩࡣ
Ρܣ²̣ʱǰˡ
£۾һȥͺˡ
Ρüչʲô룬ѿҩɰ׿ˮ˹˼£ȵüס
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˳ֻһô࣬ģգգ۾
Ρ˼ܾպҩϺ̫ˮȻһٺȡ
Ƥ̧С룬ǿˮˣĿζֻ嵭һ㣬δ򴽽ǡ
⸱ģ˻ûԱСè
Ρˣǲ΢΢

ˡ̫ҽ˻
СԺѾƮŨĿҩζ
ˡζӣûŽȥ滺һ
ǰηζ̫أҩ壬С¯˳Ҹ̿˼պ̿ȥȡů
¯ӻڷ¡
ˡվ˲һӣ¾Ͷˣ۳С¯ûã߹ȥһ˫¯Ϸ
ãη޲ӳ׼¯ȥҸһ۳ˡǱߣ´ִ֣֣ۣҪ￾ȥҪ¯ˡ
ˡûͷ֪ηû˿ضţѹûŲһ¡
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аǰɣηؽ¯ӿڵϣ°ͣ㲻ף˼Ҹɶˣ㲻ףֱ³ԷֳҪǮ
ˡУŮǶһʶǶ￾ȥ۲Ĳ
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Ҳܱûϣĺáˡ̫ҽǸǶ뵽ҽõĴˣҪ˵ҽõģڵ̫ҽԺҲУֻû취ɩӿ
ˡܰæ뵽̫ҽԺ̫ҽΡǸмε£Ƿһ飬ϡ
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ηɽƤЦⲻЦؽһ䣬ġ

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𣿸ղ棬֪˭˵ףֻ֪ǮǮǮǮˣû˵Һÿѽ
⻰˭˵ģҶˡһĴ򱧲ƽǮð˵ּܳҡƣһˮ飬ôˣ˭ô˵أ
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ǰηˡ泳ˡ
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仰û˵ϣ۳Ҫ
Ρˡ˵ʲôĻһʰʱҪȻȥɣӼͷ
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ΡҡͷʧЦȥɣɫˡ

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ȥˣηŻǯ̿̿Сܲӡ
Ρη̧ͷǸ˾ˣ
Ρɩɩϣˡ˲æǼҵĶˣ𶯲͸˼ҶҲû⡣
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ΡЦΪÿζȥ
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Ρĸͣ²ͬٻ˼ҵǧǱʶֵģЩ˼ֱЩǰͽĹݡ
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ǺĹݶѧЩʲôѽη档
֮⣬ѧŮ壬Ͳ廨һ
Ρ˵ЩηǰͷʮӴ˺¶һ̫Զˣȫ󲻳ǧǲΪ˴³ԷÿֻҪ˴ӵȥĹŵѧϿεһ

135ű2

Ρ񣬴뵽ʲôСǲҲͦĹݣ
ηЦЦҾʣ˵ʲô㣬廨һû˵оϣҰϣ˵ˣҲǿϡ
ԽǾܾøɴ࣬Խ֤Ŀ
ΡóԼСòûСҰġֻ̫࣬ĳЩֻһ
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硭Щţе㶶˵ģ
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ԱԼǰƽСӵķӦȷʵ̫ǿҡ
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Ҳ֪ԼܲĻָûһӦ£ֻ𴽽ǣЦпο
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С⻰ںŪ¶һĨĵЦݡ
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136Ӳ˵3

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Ȣţڴж˵ʲôøο½ȢģΪĲƽ̫СŮʥһĸͬá
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ͻʥּ½ֵµļʹļף׷׽ȥջسΪһŮˣҪʧȥʮıȨֵ
˭֪½۶Ŵͻʥּ˰Σ˾䡰Υ˻ͷ̧Ȣ˲ƽ

½ӡУȷλȸżΪԼùͷ˵䣬㲻
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Ρ붼û룬ֱӵԲסҿû취ﵽү
½Щܾôɴ࣬вѵɣ
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ˡӦæͷͣԶԶԣ֤СӲ˵ⲻ˴ҽΡҶụ̲̂˱ˡ
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½¿Ρðһ䣬ӵƼô¶𣿡
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½۲⣬Ϊβʱ򣿡
Ρҡͷϼ£룬Ҳֻ뵽ͨ򣬿

1374

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Ρҡͷ޹»үʢ飬ѧˡ
˼ҶѾܾϣ½ҲûȤ
һΡǡ
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˴ţˡµĿڣһҪǸǶǣһֻ汻ǸС˵ˡ
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Ρƽ˵ľʵ飬ν
䣬֣صؿˡһۣ˵ȥǵлл㡣
˭˭õлˡ°ͣص»ȥңɩӸ¶һ£Ҷûķ
ΡͷӦ£á

뿪½忴һֱĬ½ۣҪҪҰȥ飿ΡǸ˵һٻǰͷ
½ֹ֣Ρ˵Ǽ٣㴫ھ¶չǲˣҲذɣβǻп𣿡
飬½˲ȥҲҪٻؼЪš
á½˵ȥ㡣
½壺Ҳ̫أһǿŵסȥϿΡ

ΡҪȥӼѧֻʣηɩȻû˵ƶηҲʲôСϲصظСɩɩҩ
տʼ죬ʶؿܺҩϰˣҲ͸ˮûʲôÿηԴ۾˹̡
˰¡
ΡԵȥ̫ҽ˹
̫ҽϴһſŬȻ۾Ч
Ρηˡ˽ŵվһԣһ˫˫۾ȫͰ͵̫ҽϣһֱüͷĶɤ۶
֮󣬽߬°ڣ̫ҽ
ΣûлָĿܣΡʡ
̫ҽ˻ͷͰǰôһı䣬ΣƳ̱ȽϳоǣϷûʮɵİһܰκá
ˡηΡ
ʱĵȻֻ
Ρȴû˵Ŀϣͻ˵ûʮİգӦ𣿡
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ΡȻһЦ̫ҽǾˡ
̫ҽףϷ򻻸ӣҪҩܶϣϷһġ
仰ﶼ̤ʵˡ
Ρ̫ҽ˶ٷ԰ͳš
ˡҳ̫ҽȥΡҽأǶǸˣܲܳɣǾ͵ÿɩԸˣǶĪ
ΡܳɲɣҶǷһ顣

ÿҩһ롣
һ۵أӼ࿪ʼż١
Ρѵõ˯˸緹Сϱȥ
ηڼʰӣⶼһ顣
Ρ˺ֽ׼Լддմմϲźֽʱ뵽Զݵĵ񣬡Ҳ֪ôˣ
ǰŻȥĻţҪܵˡ

Ҫ˵ߣԴΡ޴η˾ǣҲûɶ¶ԪÿѮݻ˵ˣǳ˷ͰԸ鷿ûӲ֪ǿ϶ġ
Ҳǣһ߾һ꣬һҲһšСһǻںָ̾ģûķֿôãʹ
ҲûȥȰŵӾˣû׼˳ˡ
µȫ˳ȥӺϵտʼвϰߣҵ¶
ϵãֵأܶӵҾߵĻûӾɽȥתתֻܴҰζٲãҲܴջ
Ӿе÷ˣ԰ӾͰƴÿ첻ڼµģŶɼҴӣżȥﴮš
Ѿ࣬۳žҪˣʹѾѾСƨɺͷתСѾͷܳԣָ̲үүҪóԵġ
ϵĳСŮһڣŰԪĵ췭
СѾͷûԹƵģͷ̻ʣ껹ʣµȫؼңûԪʣ
֪Ժ󣬺ݺѵϵһ٣˵ޣҪŶɼǼѾͷнɽɽҲǸꡣ
ϵǵ죬˾ͳˣԪⲻǻû𣿵ѮˣȥϽ˳ٸˡ
ӵ𣿶ɼҵѾͷ˼ҵĻҪʣµĸ§ȥۼԪôɹҪ˵ɶɶĹŮѾͷƬӣҪٲúỵ́̽˼꣬͵øǵһǱ˼ҵġ
ϵûʲôôһ˵ʱöϱ̵òԣ춼ȥˣֳܲҪһͻȻ䣺ҪԪȥǼҳԻ
ӣ

˶ת䣬鷿֧˸¯ӣѾǶ
Σ˸ŴްͷƤñľͷ̽ԴμԺɺ鷿ŵ˸۶ۡ
ͷҲΣֱ߽ԺţΡɼң
֪˸ɶģûأ˭
ʦͷ̧°ͣһİ
ʦ
ɫˣǰһٶҪ鷿ʦѰżĹ򣬻Ըˣ
˲ͷ°̧øߣӱߣҴض˰ɣ
ˡͷ˫£ɨۣƶ׼ɵѡ
ˣһ룬ԷôɵʦԼҪôɣʱ˲ճʣ㵽Ҫɶ
ͷЦǺֱӵǷһҽȡ
Ӻ鷿ϵ˵ɲڣϾˣҪɶҪȥ
ͷü΢Ҳֻұ˲û¶ھͳɡ
šü٣ͷǰɣ
ͷͦͦ壬ͲˣôŰɣǷҵģ
ӴǮиǷأƾ޾ݣ˵ҼǷǷˣˣ𣿿߿ߣٲߣŲ㣿
ͷŲߣԸȥݰ˵ӳӶһΧ˴¯ӣ˺涳֣˵ʦһΪʦΪҪң
ӣ
ⶼˣôôҪأ
ͷ˵Ҿ͸ǼҳסţʲôʱѶңʲôʱˡ
ҧҧܲˣ̸ϵָϵܳ˸ˡ
ݴ˻һƣͷ¯ӱߣһ˶˰ƣԱߵİϻϳʣըס

139ʦݣ6

֪ȥ̫ףûҵ飬֮Ԫץд˻š
ҲûǼĹŰӳü˭æ
ϵߵʱǸ̶ϵľǣۻǮ̶ӴˣӼôض׼ҵ
ǾôŰɣİ壬ѣ׼ȥسһˣ˳Щ
ϵϳӰԪϣȥѡԼϲ죬˳ü߲ѡ
ţسǣ˾Ρʦ½ͷ
½ͷڸͷϣֱͦǰμҴǼްʱǰƵĽӣ
Ǵ磬ɣ˭ֱӺ½ͷ˭ˣùү
Ҫ½ͷȳϵӶûϡ
һĿɿڴ½ͷЦеģҪؾˣûҪĸСӵģ˳ӹȥ
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½ͷüëһϷǼðģ
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½ͷЦЦϷʱ䣬ûҪӣûҿɾ͵ˡ
ԪȻڣ½үүûһأ
½ͷԴھ𣿻үүͲˣֱӴȥǣʱ滹
ԪţҪˣô죿
½ͷڣԪֵ½үүǼ˵һΪʦΪо仰϶ӲТ½үүҪҲˣҵıҾдŸߵʦƷ⣬ãԺҲòТˣŸѧҲˣ
Ԫ˵ȥԱ߸˴дŵ̯ϽֽʲһţΡǷʦˣ½үү˵˾ǾͻΡʱǵջ
½ͷ
벻䰲ȻһС
дţ˭᣿

Ρڴʮյš
һǼ飬ĿǣԪʣһжãعڹӼúù飬ȡԿ˰ѴӦ˹¶ˡ
ᵽ̵£Сץ
Ρ˵Ŀ϶ֹô䣬ֻԪˣ˼Ҫġ
ڶţԪģ˵鷿з½ͷˣ½ͷ˵ǽȥġؾ͵滹Ρ
Ԫ˵в½үүˣӲТ½үүҪˣΡҲţ½үүһϣԺûƷûµͷʦ
ΡĿڡͷϣ̲סʧЦ
½ͷױʣдñǰֻ࣬һ仰ӣТүүˡ
⻰ʲô˼أ
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½ͷԾͲҪ㡰ӡϵˣֱӰΡӡ
ռ˱ˣֵûֵһӡ
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Ρǣʦݡ
Ȼ϶û˵ãӦò̫򵥡
ҪԪ˵Ρ֪ʦ½
½
᲻Ǹ½йϵ

ʱ½լ䰲ڣվ׼ӭϺүˡ
ҲϢ
֪ȥûŵϺүͻȻؾϱģôŶùȥиʸ
ԡ֮½ۺͳ½壬ȥ
ΪϺү겻ھǵԵʣ½үүӡẠֻ̊́Ǵ֪үүϲֻЩ϶񣬸Ϊ˳ãĴѼŶ
˵үү˽иרعֻĵطܴĶĿȫƷھλģû֪
½̧ͷүүǲǺܶûؾˣ
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һĿȫͣһ½۵׵½Ϻүһ½۵Ĵɩǣһĸ̫ܲ
½֪Ӵ۶ﲻϺүʹɩϣ̾һҪ㻹ڹɣȥǣʱ˵Ӳˬûϯ
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½һãȻͷ½壬ֿ˵ʲôѽôһ䶼
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˵ţǵ־ȥ쳤ĸ첲
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ӣȥֽڰգҲǣҲǡ
Σعζ򳤹㣬ίǲǶʲô᣿
ûᣬɩ˭װһףٸֳʲô۶ͱԹһŹŵúø˵˵ˡ
ǰţûƿ½۵Ĳ
˿һĻҪж
תͷ½忡ͦεıӰ˻ӡ
ˣģ

˴ţƿ֣źԺһһľ²ӿͷ
ں֮ǰѾమ̫ҷºݻҪǸٺ½Ҹͷ½ҡ
ʮǰĺ̫̫磬ǴѾߵ͵͵ģû뱻½۵һλĽǷˡ
Ǽװһѣиҩԭûһġ
Ūɳ׾ϴ˳½ۡ
ְİ˺ʹ޵Ů͵һŴϣǺ޶Ѱ˯ĥô
֪̫ͬ½ۺѰһԼʺ˵ݣ빬ȥ̫󣬳ȫ½ۡ
̫һͷȫ˵ı硣

140ѹǮ7

½ʱڣעµ·
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ͼϲһӲˣʵηС˼һҲûԶ١
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141Ȣ޵Ȣͣ8

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๫ǴмҵԼˡ
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㣬½˿˵óҲõ
Ϊʲôڼѵܵȥú󣬻ΪܵϣǶʱ棬ﶳеǮһ֮¾ȥĥܾ׬ǮķӣһϼƣÿúǮ졣
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⻰ɲ˰
Ρû˵ʲôˡĴɤѾ洫˽˫бſϣô죬Ƕ˴ǲҵһûŵ̻ͼʲôͷһǹĲǼ֣ŵǶʹطǰɣ
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142ѰСַ1

̻ѾǺҹˡҪϻȥͼ꣬ûСԺ˰·ʰһ£ֱӺΡˡ
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ҩ׷๫ţƤŲסǸСһԻط˯ˡ
Ρһص꣬Ҳģڻ߰ط顣

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½۴Цⷺ䣬ΪʲôԸ빬̫û
Ȱˣͷȥʵ̫

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ֻǸܼ֣Ϊ˻棬̫ѡԶԡ
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143ͬʱˣ2

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ǾıӰ̫ܲݹؽҧ

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ʱѾ๫ҹһ꣬Ȳش´ȥһΡȻ棬ڵĹѾںãʱڵ㡣
жΡͷЦЦô˯

Ρãÿ궼Ѿϰˡ
طлȥ緹˽緹ȥᡣ
ΡףԺְ̿ȥݲŻصԷ
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ЦָָϵĶ
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ΡҪôȥҪôˡ˻ȥ
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144ͷС3

緹Ρȥͷϵеηݻѡ
һͷһ죬żȻҪȥ棬͵ʰģǺܴ󷽵ذԼΰ˳СԸҪһ硣
ηڼʱ֪Сɩɩĸ˺öֵƵΣû۵ü𺳡
ױ̨ŷŵӡΡη̿ˮҵ½ҵǸɶѽЩҲ̫˰ɣ
Դʯòã๫๫˵ЩÿһֵǮ
ƽʱ᲻ѵøϹ꣬ͼʣȫóˡ
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148ҲԹ㣬ҲԹң1

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ȡһתʱ̲ס˲۽ǡ
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151㣨1

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152ٳף2

ΡӼʱˡˣ˫Σ붼֪϶û˯á
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ˡȻЦҾ֪϶ֻЭķݶ
ΡʣѲɻ㣬һֱȥ
СѾͷʲôٲɿڣ˼˵߾ߣʱȥҪ£ڶûǻᡣ
ˡĬ˻˵ǵÿҼʲôˡ
˳ģ϶˵ʲôʲôҪСģû׼ȥ
λ³緹ʱΡȻʲôм£һ¡
ˡҧ˿ﺬ壬ʲô¶ֻ˵ˡ
Ρ¸¾͵ûȥ׼ˣھǡ
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Ρס
Ѿû취ȥΪСãʮĴˣٲѧ㶫ĺѡõķ
еѶȰˡ˵
Ĺݺ͹ӼһѧŮѧҲҪġ
СһǾǻǹٻǧ𣬺Ĺݶ˵ż̫ˡ
Ҳæ
ΡҪηĹݣĿǰ˵ܰæģֻһˡ
ˡΪѣϰĹٽףǼֻһѾʮˣ϶ͬóȥġ
ƾԼҪŪǳס
ףǵһŮһøСã˹Ů뷨Ӿˡ
ΡڣﲻҲûϵİ취
ˡǰﲻˣǿҪһӡ
ĹݵĹأΡû˵ˡֱӦ£ɻ󣬡а취
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Ρ˼Ϊ˵õǸĻҿˣһӵĴ£ɲǶϷ˵ãȲȥĹˣȡϾиʿֻҪ´˳ũĹݵĻʹˡ
ˡõͦģȲ˵һ㿼Ͻʿô죬͹˵˵õ䣬ʮˣǰꡣԣԺ͵Զ꣬ܿУҲҪ²ܱͽʿǸʱѾʮ꣬ȥĹݵһ꣬޸˭
Ρû˵
Ȼˣһ취ͬҼٳףֻҪҼ׺ͻȻ͵֡ˡ˵
ΡӹĻѧٸҸ˼ˣ
ˡԵؿһȻҲ֪취̫еͨ
ڴ죬Ǽٳףɶ¶ûУչռ޵ͷˣķΧС
ҲУҲУûˡҪ뼸Ůʦڼҽ̣̽
ΡҡͷȥѧãΪѧգҪѧ˽ദܴӸϸıĳЩ˼롣ԼʦҲǲԣֻôһܴﲻҪЧ
Ҫ̥ǣ͵ȡϴ衱ӴϲˣǸȦӣ˼Żת䡣

Ρȥ¶ηһ˵ԭΪˡ־ţûֱӳĬˡ
Ρ֪ηʲôó˵ûٱʡ
ηìܡ
ÿγȥһ˴Ĺݡ
ûȥƼĹҲѾĿʥѧãζȥͷѧ顣
Ȼûȥ
µûš
ǲ֪ԼĳźĹݵżĪĲġ
˵ˡٳŪ֮ûеһʱ伱Żؾ
ΪĹݶջʵ̫󣬾ͺʦΪһϹŶԲȰɽˮ
ֻҪĹݣĳЩǲ
룬ηȴû˭ߣҵǽҲǸŴ󻧣ŵڹǿ϶еģˡҲôһ˵ôһˡ
ɸʲ
ںĹݣȥ˾ȥ˰ɣԺ뼸ؾˣ

̫ҽ֪Ϣ
Ϊ˱סӼָɤӵʱ򣬳üͷšһ
½̫ҽûȫķӣ
̫ҽүҪţȥԺףзòûУǱûˡ
½û飬ܿȥԺס
Ժ׵Ļش̫ҽһ߲ɼãֻܱһ
½ɫ̫ÿ
˭ûϵڹͻȻС
ϾҪ游ĸǱø˲Ŷԣһӿ˵ĻỻģǵĲܡ
Ϊˣ½Դ˺ܶطͷҩ򣬻ϴҽˡ
ǸĴ𰸣һ¡
ʧʮϻҽαѾ漣ˣ񻹻ӣû߼á
½ۻصʱϵΣĸ
ȴѾ˴𰸣ԣһҪסӣⱲӾֻˣ𣿡
½۲ش𣬿գǵͷ
ڿοԼûϵ٣Ρû˶𣿡
ʱ½˵Ķͽֻͣ˳Ļ£˵ûΡû˶ͺܺáĺ뱲ȴҪΡһӵģֻҪ˲ĸģøеο
ⷬɹο
ɫתֻ꣬ǿˣСС;

ﵣСС;λԴ˵๫±ÿóԺúȺ˯ǽһңڣûࡣ
ֻСеԾͿʼ񷢴
ѰŻΡ
ΡΪȥɺĹݡ
һ취ûУ
Ρ˵ҲûУЩ鷳
Ρˡæ˵˾ô
ֱ꣬˦Դ޸ˡȻǲɵģȲ˵СӺˡ˼ԲԸ߲һȥ͹˵ˡļ˼ҾͲܹƵСӡ
ΡĬƬ̣ڣֻڹӼһԭҪűѧ꣬һСõϴˣҲ޻£Լ͵Ϊĳ
๫뷨Ӽ࣬Ϊ֮ǰѧȫĿγ̣ҹĻ鷿ţѾԼƵˡ
ҪټôȥǵðԼ۳һɡ

³תڰº̫̫ͻȻ߶Լ޽ǰۿŴӳס

153װ̫̫3

ˡʮ꣬ͱΡ󣬵Ȣ˵ҲСˡ
ﲻûŹףֻûĴγɵģö֮Ҳˡ
ڣΪ˶ףĸԸӼ顣
ڹӼ࣬½ϡȱƷ֡
ˡǰϣ͹УһͷѧǵģˡȻѧòãʱܵȾټΡɼİڸǰΣٲãҲת䡣
⸴緢ˣԴǸΡĹԺ󣬲Լд£˵¶ǰ˺ܴĲͬɼС
⸴ȥ˵ҪΡԷֻһֱûҵᡣ
˵ΡҪ׼ˣˡΡСԼСöؼҳԶٷҴлΡôˡİ
˼Ұѻ˵ϣΡҲûоܾɣصظηһ£ȥȥȥǿ
ηһ£˵ȥ
ΡʵǼңǱߣҪˡͻ
ηͷ˵֪ˡ
شúƽҲǿķǵӡ
Ρû˵ģһûˣȥӡ
ϲģһʱԲܵǽ
˸٣ΡȥҵƷ͸̫̫ĲƷٻʱѾͣںͬСԺ⡣
ˡմΡش˸к
Ρɫôô͹
ˡͷ˵ӻӣ˽ӹȥ˵Ǹڵ顣
УŸԶûչˣСǸδµģԼⷽһϲͨȷҪи˰
Ρˣимˡ
ˡ֣󱳿ϣҾͲȥˣôһԲϸСؼһðҵѵȥɣ
Ρһ̧Ժ
ٵ˺þãΡŻ죬˫ȾԹ
Ρ͵ˡˣո˼䣬˵ھ͵ý˹ȥȲԣһȥϸɺã
ÿˮˣȵüԼһȥƤ
ΡζƫƫԵýζһӣĪҲųһڡ

ηѾʰûѣΡԺŵʱһ۳ߵˡǰѣֺܿߡ
ʮֿĸ˶вٿռ䡣
Ρظӣǳǵζ̼ˡֱ硣
̲סƿӳٻͷû˵
ˡﲻסˣ˵ǵ֨ȥǼҳԶٷô𣿡
ĿηתһȦСã֮ǰͦ˵ģôҲˣ
˵ʵڸЩϰˡ
ηؿһۣûҪ˵˼
ΡѰõӵݸóӲ˲֣ȻؽתǼ̫̫Ĳôˣ
ˡ̾鵹תվʹˣ䱳˵ʲôҲǶź򡣡
û˼˵̫̫˵ÿһ߻ƵģΪ˻æýͷö

˽ˡȴΡȥ
ɼѧӣĶܳΪעΡҲ⣬ѧ¶󽫾⸴˵ˡ
ڼűˣ󽫾¶ͣΡ䣬˵Ϊ˴ԳϱһС
ڱ˵ĿޣΡǲ̬ȣ˼Ҫȥ̫̫̽
ˡԽ˴˺Ժ̫̫ס
̫̫źźҩˡ滹ŸѾͷ۾ʱˣӣϱɣ
ˣæ̫̫ͣˣⲻϱۼ͵Ŀˣˡѡ
̫̫ɤʶϱ˵ɶ
Σϣһؼʱʹ
תͷηǸιǼ̫̫ʹˣ䱳˵ҲͿ͵Цȥ
˻û˵̫̫꣬ĹȾʹˣôţϺͿأ
ˣ
˵
̫̫úܣָˡͷϱһ顣
ˡǰˣ̧ͷ̣ͣϱûأ
̫̫Ͷ䣬˵ʲô
ˡ
Ͳηݡ
̫̫һӣֻðĿͶηС˵ι͵ˡϷǼ̫̫˸ˣǰһæȹݣôŻôţ㿴ɲ
ηû˵ȿΡ
Ρ˵Ѿʮ꣬Щ²عңԼ⡣
ηͷߵ̫̫ǰˡŹ¡
̫̫϶ֳӣֱ۹ãϣϸһ򣬻зࡣ
˵ţŤͷϱ
˸ͣ˼ϾСˣû𣿡
⻰Ұֺ̫̫Ǻǵ
˵ǿɲģǶԶ͸ͷˡ
λ̫̫ض⾫ͷ뻹ܻʮʮ꣬һҲûд޽ӡ
Ϊϱ̫̫ݣ˫䡣
̫̫ˡʣʲôʱ̶
ˡϣ۾ȥ
˴ԲĲٵģˡûȢأ
̫̫ӣ˳֡ˣ˾ۡ
ˡиãǹСϲˡ˸һ޹ź
ͽСﲻϼҲûʲôѾͷ̫̫ǰһۣͱȥˣ̫̫ã˵Ų˳ۡ
ô˳۷̫̫û˵⵱ϱҲʣֻ˳˼ҵ
ؿɵã˿ˣ˼̫̫ˣĹһۣһ۵̫̫˳ˣװװɵǰ˸ŤһԶ
治֪˵ʲôá
ǼңΪǲçŵڹûôأˡãȢҲûʲôãؼûǻ¶
ˡҪϲ˵ˣܵȵ
οû˼ңûˣȫܸǲ׵¶
û˹
æԸˡηǼȥԷ
ûߣҪ̫̫ι
̫̫رã˼ھͿǹ˵һǸ۶ʵģӡ
ûǻ
ִ̫̫ץѻ¸ˣҪڴ֮ǰӳߵҲġ
˵ģӹӲأǼ۶ϣҲӦ
̫̫ķһһӣԹαԹ׶࣬û׼ʲôãģ޹ָ˭ź˭أ
˵ҲܼһͺҸ˵ԧװ
Сͦá̫̫˵һǳԹĺӣ˵ĺ統ңԲ죬ϸҸĸٳֲٳּ
ˣ˵Ķԡ

154ǰЭ飨1

ڷ˺һᣬ˲ŸϹ
ˡк˵˱ֻǼʺһ£ȳ극뵽һȥ˵һЩڸעĶ
˽̣Ȼѧһһضúü
˳ʱΡѾ󽫾뵽ǰȥˣƫֻʣηˡʮΡ
򲻰˵Ƕη۵Сۡ
˵Ŀηͣͣ
ģõǿˡûÿǲô˵ͷһεİ˵
Ҫ˵̫̫Ϳɣ˵۹⻹ûҪ˵ͿɣѾͷǵһңʲôϸû̫̫ǰ˼Һˡԡ
ߣ˻ɫ磬Ը˰δȥ˯
ƫֻʣˡηˡ
񲻻˵Ȼֻη
ǰ̫̫Ժ£һ¶ǸιղŶлĸӽΧ
ηǣҲ˵ˣϷѣҲᵱġ
֮ǰΪõĹݵˡٳ׵ͷ֮ǼǼ̫̫еͷҷˡ
˼̫̫ǳĳҪϱԼĿĲ˼֪ġ
ôȱ۶£ܸɡ
ˣͻȻʡ
η̹Ȼʮˡ
ʮ꣬õ˳䡣
ˡŶһĻ˼ң
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׼ʣ˽˵˼䡣
վηźȲ裬˵Լе´ȥȥͻء
ű̧ſš
ˡڻ԰˿ȥӦӦ̰ɣ͸ղ⹤򣬰ҽйȥһͨ߶߶˵ͷˡ
׵£
˼һʲô¶
˵һۣӦˣٰޣٻѻˣʡ̫̫ͷ߶
ˡˡ˵˼϶˾ҪղǹҳӶˣͲô̫̫
΢üˣ˵ЩûõҲ⣬Ȼȥɣȥ̫̫
ˡͷǰȥΡ
˾ֱȥ̫̫Ժӡ
̫̫ͷ˻ûŶŪϵġ
˽̫̫һۣϱ
˵ͷ˵ˡ
Լ˵ûߣ̫̫˹˵
Ǽ̫̫µȫܣſڱտϱ
ҲţץСڰѻ¸ˡ
׼ͷ̫̫˵Ҷƺˣ³һͦƵա
˵³һڿɾͼʱ䡣
ϱҲ׼ˣС˭š
ͷ۵ǡ
Ǽҿ˰ͼһѣ̫̫۷ǵ϶˼ҵϱģ

̫̫ٻʱηƫ
̫̫ôһͣ˿ηЩ˼
Ĵǰ˼䣬֪δ䣬˼ұϾͷһңԿ˵ݣԼóȻڵĻ˵׼Żڣˣһλ֪ʲôʱܵü
ˡ˵ΡͿˣηã϶ҲҪŻȥġ
뵽磬Щȶ˺þãǿڣǸιǼˡô
ηû뵽˻ͻȻôʣ졣
һķӦȻŵˣæЦŽͣҾǾðɣˡܺôǼ֮Ĺϵͦġ
˼棬ηĸ˼¶Ӧһ
˻˵ˡ˹ˣ˵
ٴɩȥͷ԰
ˡʲô£ʡ
ˡ˵뵽һȫİ취ҪÿУһ͵С
ʲô취
ˡ˵СأһֱȥĹ飬ǾǻֻûϽʿòôģҼٳס
һٳס֣ãҪɾģʲôٳףͿ˰ɣ
ǣҽͰ
ʲô
̲ǷǵȢ˼СδؾⰡĹݣǸ᲻ˡҼٳףҲӦӦͷڣϱ⣬ұãǲ񣬵̸ǰӾˡ
˼
ˡǶΨһ뵽İ취ˣҪòףãԸȥӦ̰ɣùˡ
۳ŶҪˣæסҲǲԣǣ˼ҹͬ𣿡
ˡһϷüܲͬ⣬ȫ죿
һۣУ
ˡ뵽ΡǰҾȻȥˣȻһֵԹҴͲܡ

Ρ뿪֮ǰˡ¶ȵΡ˵ˡ
ΡۣǷޣã
ˡͷȳȫȥĹݵĻᣬҲǼ̫̫ģͷ֪ڡǶ취ɣ
ΡҲ̫ġ
һߣСñǹһھǣСֱˡͲԸҪ˼ٷޣһô󽫾ͽƲ˳ίֲڣ˭
ˡ֪Ρֱӵͷͬ⣬Ҫ治ĵĻǿԼ£ұ֤۸ί˼˰ɣ
Ρһۣ˵ƾ
Ƕôõ𣿡
Ρ˵ȥ̸ɣҪܵͷұû
˵İˡתɿȥƫҲǵη
η飬üҲɣ
ȫˡϣΪʲôѽ
ηһۣǼٷޣãһ˵㣬һŮӣϵƭ˭ȥ
¶һضûǰɣ
ҲûСη̧̧°͡
Ӵ̣ģʲô˵ɣֻҪ㣬Ҿˡ
η˵ǵöЭ飬統֤ˡ
ȥԼµ¶
У˭Ǽ̫̫ۣ˵ʲôʥּ
ηһۣϲ
û뵽龹Ȼô˳ˡĵȻʮТˣҲΪ˺̫̫ͬôƵ¡
һȥĹݵ¾ˡ
ǰЭǵΡģݸˡ˵ͬС죬ֻϸ˶ѡ
ˡԭҲûŸޣǰЭֶ˵治ڣϵ
һ㣬֣ҿɵ˵ˣȻǷޣ¹٣㶼סǼ̫̫ˣ϶ÿ
η˵ֻҪЭϵ⼸ҿ϶û
Ҳôˣ˵Ǹȡ裬˵ףҲҰһѣˡģᾡϡ
⻰
˸ӣԭǴʮֵģһ˯o(ini)o

155ֺԲལ2

ηһˣֱӰѡ¡ˡ
صң񶼻һš
ԭΪ˰˸Ӷ򲻵һȥģһˣȻǼٵģҲ㹻˾ò˼ˡ
Ρˮݽš
֮ǰź
֮ȷҪ±ΡԽġ
ݵػбҪ
Ь࣬˫ݽľ
°û߶·ôһݣ˾ͨ泩
ΡһԣѲŵë׼ã˵ҲôһͲؾʱ˼ңһҪܣö֪¡
ǵģҪ˵Ů˼ٳףһ׼
ɵͷоúЦʵ˵Ҳ
Ǹң˵ϻľֻԪ๫

¡ڰ³һˡӼ˼٣˵¡
Ҷûʲô󶯾ֻ̫̫õĵط˺񣬷۳ȥһƬϲɫ
ˡͬСԺηߣҵʱ򣬹ܼԵڴұڡ
̫̫廹ûȫ˵ȥ˶ֵĵطԸԺһӺϱ밲
̫̫ڴߣ֧Ŷ˰Σе㲻Ծ֣ôûӭĵ
Ƕǰ˽ͷָģһϵ޷죬̫̫ʻص϶䱳ûţӭ׵ˣɹٺϲأ
̫̫Ŷһ̾ˣҲʹˡ

η˽˰ķʰˣΪ̫̫͵Ϯ飬ˡһԺͬ˺üѣλζġ
ηױ̨ǰŮͷǰһŵΣֻۻңλʵ
ôֻǹԼ޻£ûһ˸Ŵ󻧽ȻٻֻһʱģССһѡ
ŮģǸ˷٣Ⱦ˵ˣڽḾͷȥ˺Ĺͷ
Ւãˡˣ۾´һȦηڣŮȥɶ
ˡǶ㣬Ȼҵǰϵˣ㻹ǲܴ⣬¹̫̫ڲڳҵĳƺú˳ˣһС¶ڣ̫̫Ҫˣ¶밲
ηͷ˵֪ˡ
ˡٴδü˵ôһ磬˵ʱеϱӡ
ηš첲ұŤǰɣ
ιιι˵˵ܱܲ϶ֶŵģˡ۵죬űš۵ĵطֹû㱾ϱջкأһͷָˣǶܻɣ㵽׻᲻Ϸܲݺð
ηҿǳռұˣ
ˡһҪΪ˺̫̫ģռأǶƽʱô㡣
еϱˮȣ࣬󣬾Сģ
Ըˡηһ˵һְҪΪ˽Ĺݣ˭Ա˳ŵϸŴ㣿
ˡվ棬šءһ죬عˣͷ󺰣Ƕҹ๫˯ְ
һС˺ѵүķڸڡ
ˡһţĶ㣬һ߶ȥ

Ǽٵģڶš衱ҲӣҪģ̫̫ͷ
һ·ϻڻ˼̫̫ϳ˶СڣˡҪжᡣ
ηһ񺮹Ҳװģػ
̫̫״⣬ЦǺǵؽηĲ裬żͷһҹסϰϰߡ
ηδ£⣬ԼһС˵©죬ֻͷ˵ͦá
ֿ̫̫ˡӣӽ̫۸
ˡҲûֱί˭۸ˣ̣۵ϱǽʮӣҲ۸ѽ
̫̫һ˳ίԸЩͬ飬ɻֲ˵̫˿ȣôȳȥ˵лϱ
ˡһƵųȥվͷȡ
ûдڳ̫̫˵ͷˣη֣˵»ҹˣͦã˵Ůڴϲ̫ǿƣһۣܵץ̶
ηôͷһֻߵֻ࣬Ӧ¡
ȳţϵĺζûȥ
ˡ߸պþյϣɣ̶˵ʲôˣ
ηûǰߡ
ˡιһֻҪû๫๫ٲңŲҡ
ηת
Ҿ̸֪˵ʲôôͲˣôԴ𣿡
ηһʮĴүˣôƵģҪô˵̻ܸ˵˽ܻˣ
ˡӣʾ޹
ɣʵǳôûմŮˣʱͷˣ·԰̫á
ηġ˼Һӡʷ棬ȷ̫ۡ
ηǰһΣȻʲôʱȥĹݣ
ˡѧ֮ٵȵȰɣ
ηʣ鷿ıīֽ⣬ܲã
ڴ֮ǰǼõīֻֽΡЩմմģ𴲵ʱԺи鷿һȡ
ˡ뵽ʲôװǻƵɤӣ๫̬ȣ
ηŤͷߡ
Ҫ첻
Ȼ˲죬ûãηȵ鷿ˣŮһġһϡ
ΡѧֵʱûôùëʣֵϵãдĲÿԼдֱʻô۲ֱֺԲཱུģһ
īŮüμ˶̲סЦչǸȥˡ
ηҲûﲻףдõľ͸һߣд
ŵʱˡȥ鷿Ƽһ㶣ûŶЦôŮдģ
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ˡ̲סʣ㲻дֵļֱǸ˲𣿡
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ˡԼˡ
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Ҳǵ治ЦȥˣŷʧЦ
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156磨3

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ˮ˿ڰٺãΡԸ˲
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Ͼ֮ǰϵѾ٣ܱǧøֲʶĸǱԼѾˣ˾һˣŷԭԼɶǡ
ֶ࣬˵дһץһѣֻ֣Ϊײ㣬ɶ̧Դˡ
ǶʱΪܴ죬๫ȥӼ飬ͰԸ鷿һһرԼ
㲻ʫҪȫһΪ˲๫
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˵ѾۿˣҪֶϲȫʱ˭ܱ֤Щ˲Ц๫Ȣ˸һǴŮˣ
Խ룬ԽʶŮֵҪԡ
ּ޸˵ģ͸бҪˡ
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СɩԼôˣûټ˷ͻԼ䡣

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ʡԺĿռһݣҲһݡ
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ᵽݺ˵ʱ򣬳˵һ١
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ӴŲĿ⣬۷Ըȥɣ


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ԭûȥڿջˮ׼ã๫һͿԡˡ
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лû˵
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Լľ˹˹ҹһ¼ӣͱΨͼСˣ
˾˹ԼﲻТǶţȥ˹˽壿
ҪΡѸ˹ҾѸ˹ңǼôˣ첻óԷ
Ϊ뾡ТҲдˡ
лʵ޷⣬Լôڼ֮ڱôġ
˵ʵڻûʲôΪ͢ЧĴ󱧸ֻΪ˿ϹĻͥõٲٵĶ帣
˾ˣɲТʱ
Ϊʲôľвͨˣ
л£Ρ˵¶ĲǣĿռ䣬ĿⲻؾǰİĶ
лΡ˵ĵǾ˵ҾﾡТôдˣ
ΡЦļ򣬡´ǣŬǧĶôТɡ
л̾Ҳֻˡ
һˣܲǰ춯֣һӰ;סһʱȽϢˣټǨȥ۲Ϊ

ڣлҲ˵¶
񡢶ϱϺлϱԱš
ϱ˸ʲôֱȥֲ˭ǷǼҵģƾʲôѽ
ӳһۣҪô˵ƤǳأҰȥͷ˼Ҿ͸ҥ˵ˣʱˮл껹ҪҪϾˣ
˭˵أл賤̾ҪǼϴҪϾ˵ɶҲ˸ﵽͷ
ϱֹôţ˾ٻ۸˭Ҿүôҵģ
ӿϱһҵ˵˵ˣҪɩɩĳȥҴ˵Ǽףͷ˸ôĿŵ۸ɣҪ֣ҲᱻƵ±֤Ѹ˹ɲѣлͲᱻ
˵ˣ£ȫǱһģ㵹ˣŵʱզվȥţ
ô˵汻䣬ϱһ֪ĸ飬
Թŵûߣʱ㲻Ҫ˺첹ҪҪɼҵĺôµĺ¶㶼ռȫզ㣡
ⲻѾ˸𣿡ϱǰҲԣˮɿ˹Ǽҵ˰ȫÿɵĺãҺͶɶأ
ϼŶƨãлòᣬҪȥҽûʰ㣬ʰ
ǣлϱغһҪΪɩǼİĶҳȥÿռʮӵʳôһʮûˣⰡ
ϱлҹﲻɣʵֱӷŻҪϱ˵ɵĲǰ͸֪һʰ
⻰ֱӰлϱ˺񶼸סˡ
ϱһĲţţ̬ǿӲ˵ЦһӼޡ
èװӵּҵʱˣôûμӣҲˡ㵫Ҫ͸գԼһӵŮˣʲôʸżûҲɣܳȥЩȢϱ
طҽŸ㣬㣬㣬ΪŸеĴȣҪ㲻˳ۣƣţΪøĽѵ
Ҫţͼ㿴ҸҲһֽμҹȥ
ô꣬Ĵ٣ϱȴûô࣬ÿһ仰ðѵϻС
º£ӶͣҲžžµ
ϲӣҿȥӺܲͷҽ˵ĻҪίˣؼ״˵Ҳɣҳŵš
ϱ޵øףҲȥվĨܻ˸Ժ

168ԤУ3

ζûߴã극ͻظԺ
ݼϱۿǿ޹ӣæզˡ
ϱѾͣˣһζɣίϣֿ
ζһͷˮ˭ôˣ
ϱһ߿ޣһ˵Ҫȥ
ζüɶҪȥ
ϱ˽⣬˵ͷȥβȻƣȴȡֵˣҪϱʲô﷢ô𣬸˵ŻҪ˸ȥˡ
ϱĨᣬɶЩ֥ùӵ¶ˣЩòԣõ˵ɵĲǣҲѾԺԵʱĴû󼦵һģȫιȥˣ
ζɻû̫ף˵һһ룬ǰˣоٰĺӣûӣܵظ㷭𣿡
ϱ۾ŵ棬û
ζҲҪ˵ҿȥˣﻹһѻû˸أ
ζɿųͷһֻ̤żϱŵ˵ΪңлҲŻҲɣ˵ԩԩлû¸˴£ϵԹͷ𣿡
ζɳĬƬ̣˵ֱȥ
ϱһţæסȥ
ζתͷҪȥʰզ죿
ҡҡϱ˵ţޡ
ˣû꣡ζɾ÷զ¶㵹һһʮ˵ģû˽Ҹ㣬ֳϣҪ˵ûŵƲ˳ţҪ˵ûͷûβֱӸ㷭ˣҶš
۳ſסˣϱֻʵ档
ζһĬ
ϱۿɣӣôЩ꣬ͷæź㲻˵ΪѾͷһûоľҶμңûйͣҲпͰɣ˵ݾݣˣ
ζԭί³ͷᣬǰỺ٣ҪǲûμҸ߿࣬ʰжԶԶˡ
Ҳô˵㻹ǲˣϱͷŤһߣ
Ҫ˵ˣȥۡζֱ̻֮ǰȰôΣԸҪҪŸɵġ
ôŸˣϱθߣһ䡣
ûжŸɣԼûôûӣΪ¶Թһ仹ָͷڹһˣּңԸģ˵ʲôɿףѾ˴ɩҪٴһ͵ֵۼң˵˶ӣȫɡ
ʱ˵ɶˣ˼ɶû˵ֱǷֿ֣ôЩ꣬㻹ûӡ
Ҫ˵¶ѹԹɣ֮ǰӹҲͦѵģȱǮȥͷȫָɷתɩš
ɩճûãлظһţۼһȺСզȥ
ɽо٣˵Щ˴ĶƨͷҲһݶ
ﵱѲЩѪŹش˸תµɣسͷĸһģûƢҪ㣬ָ͸˺̵Ÿ㷢Ѿӵˡ
ϱͷһ˵СӵʱѲ˺һǡǰҲ֪
֪˵ζûصһۣøĸģٲģʱˣҲס㡣
ϱԴ
һԭҲûŶŸɣֻԼһֱӣ飬ƾ۸ͷԼǿϣѹһͷԼôˣűѹȥͲ˵¶
û뵽Լ˸Ӳӡ
μλţᣬᣬ㲻
˼ô󣬶ϱûλŸܳģȫ̲һֶͰùѪͷȫð̡
ҪȻܼλôر˸̧ȥ
Ҫ֪ܼλʮ˴ǿܸᲢ۵ġøˣӮ˾͸롣
ϣҪò⣬ӲĶʹ
ϱ귢Լ̯ϸ˵Ժ󣬲ûҷӲȣϧûã˼ѹһס
̫ˣ¹ʲôһۿ
޹ô꣬ûһǴֹõġ
ư沵չˣϱŻἵʵЩ
ôˣȻźϱưǸŹԻ
뵱ԼӵʱҲֻǶ˵ȥƷɶʱź
ζ˵㿴ã˼һ쵽һ仰ûУȥǣðɣźˣ˵ϲġѧѧ˵ɻҲڼһһء
ϱӣһʱģĸĵˣ
Ĳ˾߰ϣ
ζɣǰɣ
һ仰ͷͺˣٿãܸô˵𣿡
ϱΪɳɻԿۣҪǴҲܼЦ㣬զզᡣ
ζ̧סۣСֹ㵹ᣬҲգ˼ģ𣿡
ϱ

öɩе㲻ԾԺܣҲ̫˵ż뼸ҳĵһɩӶʹСӡ
ϱȫͨˡ
ϱʶ֣ҲкüηߣϱûǶš
ӳ棬öϱĴȥǰۣϱŲҹġ
ţɩӿ϶˵ҪǾ仰ŻˣԼȡôֺţֻϧԼ˵˻ɩӰһˡ

˾٣¾͵Ͼμӻԡ
ΡлԼˣȿ꣬Ͼߡ
Ρھзӣõĳס⣬ʱȥˣлֱȥͬСԺסʡ˰ٵʱ䣬ܶϰ顣
û꣬ϾͿʼֲͬԤУÿһζԤеϾ·;Уıûˣһ̯ĿĵѪŵϷȥ˯á
ΡԾôˣ
ҰĨĨͷϵĺŶְԤд
˼ȥǣԤԭ̫࣬޷ȷһ
˵ˣǱܲҪ뱣סӣֻݡ
⻰
ֿˣûźţεɣ

169һֱܣ1

Ρдֽϵ֣ܿջĿ⣬Ӵͷóӣȥͷϵĺĵĳȣ޷ģڼﰲ̥Լȥͳɣܿнʿ˳ʱٻ㡣
Ρ˵ţӷŵһԣֱȦסĴ°ͰƵĦķ
˳ƽţü
ģһ뿪Լ๫һô죿
ΡоõĵǣºͣһᾡСġ
ǰǶʮ꣬ûѵĹأٴգ
Ͼ޷棬Լܻ֮ܲڶ
һӿڵĻᱣµģʱΡΪΪɷ򣬶ò˼
ֻҪȷƽϾῼ¶ôȷأ̬̫ı仯
ûɣ֮С
濼ˣ֮ϲ
ʶСǵطѾ΢¡
ǼСΪпʼ廹ݣ΢ÿһ㣬ȫѾ´ĺӡ
˼
һɤӺͺӵѡûԥֱѡºӡ
һΣҪӣֻݡ
Ҳ˵๫ܴܻ˶¡
ʱи̣ô죿ô죿
Խ룬Խᡣ
ҹ쵲ס롣
û˯⣬Ρʵıϣֻ¶һԴ뻳
ĥ˺ܾãֱʱֶûĥκõĶԲ
ƤڳŲס῿Ρ˯˹ȥ
ΡȥţǺñ֮ŵϴ
һҹѩװع׵Щʵ
ΡƿţԪͶԺѩˡ
СһŤͷ캰
Ρô˯
Ԫָָɵİ˸ѩˣµѩụ̂ѳѩŽ׺ÿ
ΡС֣𣿡
Ԫֳȥߺ꣬ͨСϣЦݣϲѩˣȸѺٽݿ𡣡
˵ţԪ뵽ʲôΡǲǹ͵ߣ
Ρšһ꣬Һлһߣ
Ԫƺһ£Ϊʲôȥ
ӣϸűȥ̫Զˣ³⡣
£ԪǺЦţҸ٣˵ŵȥǻԣ᲻ͬġ
ͬ⣬ΡҲͬ⣬Ͽˣ
Ԫ˵һ֮ڰѹӼĿγ̸ѧ꣬׶ӣΪʲôԣ˵ˣڲǷżٹ𣿴ҲˣúѧвֱʵǾүǵѧʶԨˣʱ֮ǰȥѧǰԲͳˣ
Ρֲ˲ͷñӣССô࣬װ尾ģҲ޳
ԪͣŵСԹǲǲϣҸȥ
Ρףżչ·ݴˣж᲻㡣
Ԫͷѩţüľᵽһ
ΡϾ־õ˵öԣܾôﲻܡ
˶ڵϾСһһۣΡ䣬Ƚݡ
ԪޡһվĿȣŸ֨֨ߡ
ˣĻѾϡ
ΡĿԪССıӰϡ
ԸԪϾûڣԼˣðա
лǲȥУԪȫûҪ
緹ͷϹ࣬ʢһΡȥ
Ρӹ룬ûߣ񲻸Ͼ¶˵ˡ
ӽҿͷĶ̧ͣͣۿϱҪǲȥզ죿
һƬΡɫƲ̫ɣ
ӷ˳
Ҫܱ⣬ǰͷЩɾͲˡ
ڣҪӾûӣҪӣʮа˾ŻϾ;г¶
һ緹ʲȥںΡԣֱȥ
ǰСں࣬µ
ӼסֱվŸ˵Ǹû취Ͼ𣿡
ͱģҲֻҡҡͷ
û취һȥˣ͵
ҪӣͲ˵Ļᱣˡ
һپȻȻѡ˺ӣǲ๫ֻǾñ綼ûüһۣôû̫޹
һʼҪȳ˱ҪҲôһ죬ñȪ֪ҲһΪʲôġ
ɫأûġ

з¸Ϻ˳һ
Ǽس棬Ͱᵽسȥסƽæ⣬ѵûһˣϴΡоٰ磬¸϶ֻ֣˴ϴҰ
ջǻŻҿŸ֪ȥسǿˡ
ʱοһͨˣڿϰȥǮ⡣
һμ¸¸Ļشһ˵ǰε˲ſӡ
½뿪֮ǰҪἰǵĴڡ
ʵ¸ôС˽ģһģԼ¸ҲϣһͷԼһߡ
ϰͨɺʹǰྶͥ˵Ҳô̱·ˣƽʱ᲻ĲóɶóɶҪɿڡ
ĻǼ⣬ûзӵĵЦŵͷӦ¡
˳Ԫѩ
ΡͷС˶˾䡣
¸˵˳СӲǶϣܻɣûٸȥѧ˲ٶóЩȤ
Ρף飬ѧҲãܺùʲôᡣ
¸뿪֮ǰһ䣺벻
ԥŵͷ
Ϊʱ̫СǲסǰĻ䣬ԺûУڣĸʲô벻
еļ䣬ƺǴһ۷Լɤӻ˿ʼġ
ǲģҲ
¸ἰȥ½ɨĹ㡣
ΡĲ£Ҫͬ
ûܾ
ȥݻѣ¸Ρеһԣ˵ǰҼĸˡ
ΡЩ⣬½ˣ
¸ͷȢޣǻǷȻûʣ޵Ӧò˾ھǡɣҸЩ㣬һǲ棬Բǰ¶ʲôе࣬ܲס
Ρͷ²򵥣û׷ȥ˼ֻӦ£ģһһֱܵġ
⻰
Ƿˣ賿һоҪල

170ͬۻᣨ2

½ϵĹɽϣʹЩ룬캮ض·ܻ
Ρһ·ȥġ
¸һ߷ͻȻһȣһ
ֽǮ͹ƷЩո½ϡûʲô⡣
ϴμ棬¸֪˷ķ½
ܿ뵽˷ֿǼٵģΪա
Ϊʲôܱ¶գֻ˵ĸղ˵ڣ¸ûӵˣϸһĥײ³
ݣȻеĻҪҲеĸɼ
űѩǵķذ¸Ƭ̻㱡
Ρһ¿շǰĻѩ
̫ûĸ¹ֻ΢ѹƷڷźãֽǮ㣬ȻĬĬŲһԡ
ɨĹ¸½˵ϼ仰ȫ̳Ĭ
ûֻɽʱͻȻԼʱͷ˵һģ̳ģ¸ĸǲǺ
¸ûеһʱش𣬺ΡƬ̵Ŀ⽻㣬ҡͷ˼˵˿οĻĳ̫
֮ôشΪ˱պĸʱ
ûʣһ·Ĭҡ
¸뿪ױ̨ǰͭգûԼĵ㳤
Ρڶž˶ʧЦôѣ
ûлɣԼ͵ĳȷʵ
ֻЩֻ벻ԡ
ûپ⣬ܿȥ˼ȥݰӡ
ȥ꣬Сں͹Ůڣ̫壬öһҹҹ
ȻмСڣӻûö֡
СڻˣŮȴû
СʱŲ˵ĩֹҲ֪Ѿͷһھǹúòá
ˣСڽĳԴöȿ϶Ƕõģòã͵ÿүԲˡ

ƽʱֵβ죬ҹӻöһҹԡ
ϱǰױסֵĳϣ˺ܶ࣬û˵ʱ˵ҲֻӦ͵ͷԷżѾͷвˡ
ѵõһ꣬ûΪ仰ͷ
ԪǺȾƣ˲ͿΡҲȡ
ΡЦżѧȾƣ
ζɵʮ궼û͸ŵѧȾƣ˽Ԫʮһ꣬Ҳˡ
Ӳͬ⣬˵СӼҼҵģʲôƣȶ˶岻á
ԽãԪԽɶζƫҪȣ۰Ͱ͵Ρ
Ρȡ˸Сﵹ˰뱭Ҳһڵ˵ȳܺȾͱȡ
ԪѣȴյǼᣬ͵ߣһСڣȥСһţһ߿ȵͣ
ѾСӻЦһӵĴȫˡ
ԪǺתͷﻹʣһľơ
ΡҪߣã˵Լǳѧܵи̡
ӣ˵ʣµľȫˡ
һκȾƣǸСޣͷ
ûԪЩȣģ˵Ҳ塣
֪Сһˣվط䴲ϣԸЬࡣ
ǱӵʱԪȻðһ仰Ҳ롭áϡϾ
϶Żȷ˯Ժųȥ

ӵԵʣŲðҹûķݶˣΡҲܿ챻ʹ
ԪϾ¶Ρ˵ˡ
Ρûͬ⣬ûڣȥΣա
ȴôΪԪ飬ЩʱЩϣ˲ʺ¶棬һʮС޳ͷװƽ
ο๫һнʿ˹٣ԪлȥӼ飬üѧాˣȴϤϤǲǸ
ΡƳľǿ˾䣬Ҹô
ףԤв¶ܾãһԼڣԪûġ
Ρ£ӦȻ㶼ô˵ˣұɣ
ˣɵ𴽽ǡ

һ޵Сһڶ֪ԼܸϾ˷ܵû
ΡмѧͿѧˣҪϾȥ鷿顣ȥϣʦǸ׿⣬ܹرϾܹأ
ͿԪȥʮһ£ʱ濴ģҪӦʦǵĿûѶȡ
злΡ˵ǰľͬԼȥسǾһۡ
Ρҵȥѧܲܵȣ
лνʱ¾ȥ죬Ҫһˣ
ΡһҲá
Ρлǽ³¯λүһѧ飬ʦ˵һͬǰˣԳӭӡ
лԳ벻ڴﱻСˣﾹȻġ
ΡЦƤǳֻõǰһĶֵأȻϲϽԶ
˱뵽ʦסԺ
Ρ˵⣬ԪλԪǸ츳ĺӣΪʦȻϣܵõĵطȥѧϰдϢ¶λģų죬һ׼Ūãʱڿѧǰ꣬ʲô

ѧŵʱлΡΪʲôͻȻԪȥǣ
Ρ룬ǳڶСϱΣԵ˵ãû
˾ֱȥسǡ
ۻĵطԼõǼҾ¥
ΡʱľͬѾûϵˣͻȻۻᣬͦ⡣
лΪ˭ϡǶٷ¶˵Ƕδ飬˵ˣǾ۵һʱȰף˭ţ˭ǽյӮҡ
Ρһۣ㻹
лһԼ˵ӣֻǵǰǸԼңţô겻ˣԶٷͳԶٷ£ôˣȫһͬ
˵Ż¥ߣյ¥ݿڣӭͼ˹
лҪ֪ҲڣҶ
Ρݸˣ¾㣬Ҳܵͷߡ

1713

Ĳˣǰ¹ʱŴҴҼһĺˡ
꣬ΪԤе˻ɱԵʣΡʱ㲦꣬˵ҪΡȾԴлĿ֮Ρʱ˵ľƲúȣҪȾ͵꣬ȥټҵ¹Ͽ
һߡ
¹ϣлΡͺ˵ȷͷֻľƺȵòʹ졣
ߣȻûժ½ԪҲǰˣϯرٻģʫӦƨǼλ˵Ŀȫ˹ȥ
лΡڽƾƵġ
Ρû̫ĸд˵һͬʣڹĿȻһƫ
޿ɺǡ
лҲôģֻٽɢϯʱ򣬺ͻȻǸƣ˵ղҾźͼλ̸ǶλˣʵڲӦãԷһˣû˵ϻɣҪҪҰæ
ΡƱؾЦ⵭ǡôһΪָһͷһʶû룬㶼Ѿ쵽Ϊĵز𣿡
ʡԺ󣬳סĵطǸģôΪ˷ֹ¸˽ס
Ҳ˵Ҫʽʶ٣һ¶ڿ¹ϡ
ǰ죬ֻǲȡ˷ֶΡ

л񶼻ؼ˵ʱķӦɫѿģ˰ڵϺݺݲ˼Ż˳˼¡
Ҳ¹ϣлԺԽ񣬾ȴ˼ҺլĶǵС˻ġ
챾ǵͬۻᣬлôڳ
лΡһ㶼⣬ߺЦǰɡ
лӻȷʵɣǼͬۻᣬЩΪ´үصھ¥Ǹġ
ǴҪͬϯˡεҡҡͷҲǱӲקġ
л˵ʲôΡȳˣúߣ
΢ЦֻҪλҰۡ
Ǳ飬Ǳֵ˽ô۸
лüʵֲһˣôӡ
Ҫƴó汾˷ָ²ôǵñʹһһ׵ģֱ˶
ƿżŵʱعͷͻȻ壬˭ˣʡһ¿ƾˣݡ
˵ֱףΡѾбÿ԰ǰѧؼҵˣȻؿ˾ˣֵĸѽ
Ρɨһۣ嵭δмλ̫ϵóˣһ£
Ҹܡ
ˣӴӵһܿĳĳطĸ̣ĳŵع٣˲ǹˣ˾ǹߵĻţ˻̣ս𣬳ɼǮӡ
֮ܶеĽ޷ǾˣҪôȨҪôǮⲻϲµ¿ƾ˼Ҹǰһվֱӱѹɻҡ
λΡȱ괺Ҫǿò⣬ԿǹҸȱ
Ρǳǳﴽл
֮ӸӣʼȾơ
ϯϣΡһֱĥ˳طĿġ
˵Ⱥˣһǡ˸òϲѹŶԣǿӣƺúĸԸ
һֱɢϯΡ׺˵⡣
ǰ˵ҪΡȱλΡеһԣ˵ؽΪľˣǿõģⲻžҪϾ𣿺ûȥǣ˵ΡڹӼһ飬æշһºˣǰرסһ˲š
Ρһȫˡ
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ôһΡܾҲù˼һ̫ͬү棬Ҫ˼Լǰ̡
ΡûԼ鷳ϰߣڲ֮ǰѾҹң˵ͷһȥǣշһ¡
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ѧʦѿŪãԪŻûѧһȥԸˣ츳ڼѧҲѽ꼴ҪѧŪ߰˰ˣò̫ãҲﵽΡı׼ζܸһϾ
Ԫ˷ܵһҹû˯ž
ڶ춥źȦСΡ
˴ѩһʪģһȥȫࡣ
ԪѥӣϵˣԱŴϵţûһ
վԺſ˵ıӰ΢Ŵꡣ
ΡͷĿԵᣬڼ̥ҹ
⻰Ǽⷺᣬ˻ûߣѾϡ
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ûȵһصᣬҲȰͷ䣬ȥɣѺҲûؼˡ
̧ĨᣬɺôĨ꣬۾һֱˮɵġ
ӣŬԼƽŻ˼ҡ
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˼ûӦûޣòŶ롣
عģۣҡҡͷʾԼû¡
Ӽʵû̾ҪȥسǶסһӣ㿴զ
ɺԪˣŵĿϱ޷ͨͿⲻΪ֮ƣֻȥ¸ߴһӻ⻺Ȼٻż
ҡͷ๫ڣĶԶһģȥĵطҲȥ鷳

172ûùģ1

Ԫҹ˷ܹͷţûþͿʼ˯
ΡԼϣСһû˯˹ȥ
ϵ֪Ρʱ䣬صţٶȣµ˴ӡ
ȥˮлţسߡ
ʱԪûѡ
ϵһȰŴӣ͸ΣСӣЩ˯ǲһûһҲ֪Ųŵס
Ρģʱԣż·طͶޣԪϢõġ
ϵǰ¨ó˳Ѵӱţ
ԪʱѣȻû˯ڵվţ˸Ƿ۾һãȻΡǵˣ
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ûʲôûҪúӸųԿࡣ
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ڿʵϣԪÿ³˳򣬾ʣ˯ҲûˣС˵˷ܡ
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ëûСʹҲûŰô˲ע⣬˼ұӽ֣žһը죬Ǽѧŵƨ
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ﲻڣԪ͵ðǰź򵱵ģǰŰ˿ڣǸȷ·
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173һϲÿģ2

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174͵ף3

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Ȱ죬취

ˡʵûηȥԺʵ̫̫˵η翼˾ǲμӻԣɩɩ·ݴˣûԺûŮ˲Уηȥһ¡
̫̫˵ż˹ȥͳˣ
ˡӴһҪô˵أ뵽һȥˣϧûɣΡҪ
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̫̫û˴ʻԼͰ׮²˸߰˰ˡ
ȻϷԽϷϷ취üϷ档

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ηûĿбӵؿǰ
ҾͿЦѡˡûͻȻеţǶˣҸǸ𣿡


175γ1

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176꣬2

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˯֮ǰһɤӣϬ㺰ڱ͵ԵΡһ顣
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ӣСϱӣ⣬⼸ˡ
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ʶ۾վԼԱߣΡߵЦ⽥ȥûпñֱװԣҲûнŵøϽװ˼
Ѿ꣬һʵվô죬Լʱı鶼ȫˣʲôֲͽͣԾ¡
۵ȷվ˰죬ƳΡûһӣ֪ԼǻʵԺɶӦ
ԤеһûУǰɶӻɶʵ۾͸һϡƽġ
վ
ΡʵģһСĹ췢ˣʸƨֱŤͷˣ޵˾ڶ
ͷְοԼϲ˵һʵ۵ĲڣΡ϶˵ɶ

ΡλʵеĪ

ʱͷԼ˵֧Ŷ˻û̫С
ɤЩģͷϷˮԼˮȣһתͷ˯ԼԱߵĶӡ
Сһﱻֻ¶СԴģ۾
ĵһӦǱӣǰ쵽Сɵı̽̽Ϣ
ȷû¶֮ϲЦģ
Ͱ͵ûпɰСһлǾУ̲סѺӱ
Сһﱻ۾ƺʶԼشƤ˯˹ȥ
ӽʱ򣬼ڱӣզ˯
ҹ˰ޣʱͦ۵ģ˯в̫ȣЩõΣε๫ھǳ¶ˣܣû˯š
ʣĿСһϣŬסҡҡͷ
ӱ߸ˮ˵ϰ࣬һ͹Ⱥȵˮɤӡ
ɤӣƺӦʲôЩ͡
Լڻ˯֮ǰǺһɤӡ

̽ſڣû뵽ܳˣֻɤ̫ɳƣȥ˸оʡ
ϱ꣬ӻͷһںԼһ󼤶˳ϱٺһ
Ҳֹסĸˣ죬
ȸղһиˡ
ȡЦӦˣ˵ǰҾͻǲΪӿɤѾɩȥ˴һ㿴
ҡ˵ˣŲϵĺܣһоǵط΢𶯡
Ӱѵõˮݹ˹˺һ룬ֽź˵˼䣬ɤӣǰöˡ
϶ЦӣҪ֪һ׼ˡ
뵽๫¶ͷȥ
࣬ôϴ˼֮ǰ֪һǰѾҩҽιֻΪͻȻֹƣ¶ԣһǰӦѾ˺ڣֻһ£ϧˡǰ㳹׿ɤӣ˺ҩǿʱʱغȵˮɤӣӣٸݻָҪҪҩ
ӸǧлذѴͳȥֻ˵Ӹעɶ춼µ߶ŴҪغãܷ磬ڳԺȣŵĻ͹ֻɴžͺá
˵˺ӵȡ⡣
µطӵֶǵү̵ĸȡġ
ἰ๫ȡûгԷ
˵Сòףȡʵֲź󡣡
ʵ⼸֣е
ʵֶȥˣʲô˳ƣ˨
ôʵô
̧ۣ˻һ˵ͷԪͽн
ν
ǺеŤûԪô˳ڡ
๫֪ԺɶӦֵоû𱦺Ľн𱦣ϱզ

òզ
СУе̫ǿˡ

180Ϊúÿ3

죬С๫ȡ
ڽ𱦣Сմ̫ˡ
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ΪɶûҪ뵽ԼиϢĶӣӵ͵һ֪ǸгϢģʲô𱦽ģ̫ˡ
˶ãŶӺ˻ɴ˯˹ȥ
ŵعţϵѾţ˴Ҿߴһ룬Ҹϡ
ӣæϱզС׳׳ʵ
һۣľͰƴж׳ʵ
£˵ҴôţȵۼӸʱҪ⡣Ҳѹ֣һŴɵʱ򣬶˻ڵɻԿʲ˵ûӪ͸Ƶģ⵽ȥ
ӰԼҸճĶӱɴӣϵʾ˵ɶţ˭ȡ
ͷӣ
ϵĬ˻˵žڷűڣžģвƽͦģȡò
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ζɴسǻһӼֻĸӺǺ͸ɹ
ϱһһţжΪǸԼģϲ̣˻ζҪڰᣬʱˣɶȫ˰
ζɵȥس¼ұţЩ¶ģ˵òӡɱ´Ⱑ¼ӸžͳźˣҪãĸ飿
ϣϱɫôôѿ
ôƲˣȻҡһ䵱ϰϼҴڵذȥسǣӡ
ٳԸɶʱӵˣư沶μˣëûš
˼ԽԽãǼңԽԽͣͭ嶼ôָ׷ٿѡ
ϱԽ룬ԽüѰ
ζɴԼ򵥣˵¶ûΡϸ£ȻǷֲѶ˸Ժͬ˵¼λžˡ
ӸհѼҪųȥζ⻰ŤͷʣԸҪģ
ζɵ¶ġ
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ûżʣζɵҰѼɱ
ɱﴫӵϱ꺢ӣθڲ̫ãҲʲȥ
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ͷԪڣҶû˭ддĻֲ֣һ˼дĲÿզ죿
ζɾﵣĵĵЩᣬⲻϹ𣿻ͭ壬˴дЩǶˣ˵ɶдã
ԭûΡдţ֮ôشҵĽڣҲøζɽ͡
ζôһ˵ָĿڣһͷȥϡ
ٰ¶һ˵ûͬ⣬ü¶ܺõĻģǱ๫ĵĺã๫һܿõģΪһֱӿˣǾͳϺȵġ๫һûãԼдȥֻ÷
ʣǾɶҲ˵
ͷ³˻ԣ๫ҪûУˣѮ£û˵Ҳӻһ⣬ɼǻû꣬Ȼû꣬Ǿǻˣڵȵԡ
ǿƿһأҪˣԲܳʱдȥֻӰɴͱд๫ͷϢ˵
ջָûãһ˵ô໰ɤЩɡ
æ˰ˮ
ȫȥ̹١
ʵ˵˰죬ûֻ̫סһ仰ܺõĻģʱдŶӰдͶˡ
ʲôԵԵģ̫Զˣѹ֪ɶ
ڵŵ֪̫үطĹ٣˾Ѿˡ
ϵĹָͷǰʮ꣬ϺӴ嶼ûŹ
ͷʱ˵̫ףͳͳһӿȥˡ
ײӰԶϱĴָ
ھǴһ꣬ʶǲһ˵ģԼҲ

Ǹ쵽μҵģû˼֣˼š
ӽǣѿ׼䣬Ͱȥݡ
ٻûͨŽ죬ŵæסְѶӷŵһߡ
ϣ˳ǣ͵ͺ
𾪣ǰͷ˵ܿһţؿˣǳɶҩԺõģ
ҡͷ˵ûУø;ǵ¶˵ʱЩѲ̫ˣͺ
һ룬ĸŮӲúɤӣŮΪָ˵ˣҲ޵ûʱģŲ£˵Ҫ
ճӤ¼Ƥӵ»Σ仯Ǵ󣬲죬еģˣûǻѿ
ϱȥۣЦ˵۾ɡ
ЦЦôСĿó˭˵๫СʱһǶ˻ếɤӣԱ˾˯˯Ҳ֣Եúܡ
ãһŴ๫ϵĳЩʡ
Ÿ죬Сһﲻˣ˭һϻ۾ںںڵתתƺģǷּ˯
ϼ״Ϳԣ˳ӣСʱһѾ͵۵ؿޣ˭ûƵġ
һۣϴĴģǰҲǰ̫࣬ȥسԺӹ̹ˡ
سǵզʡ
ϵ겻ִ߽С飬ֶӵ¶ڲģҾֻܿ⻹еġ
ҲǣҪû⣬Ҳڹôȥسǿһ꣬Ƥˡ

ڼָͷӵʱ򣬾ǵԵǼλľٳһš
Ρ
ûţӻԾһֱ˳ͻȻӣдƪλľΪñյΪ״Ԫ¡
ۺͷۣһСʱ򿼵˵ʱֱ쭵״Ԫ
ƪ£ˮƽ˦ںһأľٶøñյΪ״ԪҪѹɡ
ͷգֱİ壬յΪ̽ɡ
ľǲ񣬹³һΪúÿ
⻰
ָؽۣԻ쵽o(ini)o

181̽Ů1

һ䡰Ϊúÿľƿԡ
Ρ˰ɣÿÿ˼ҵĲŻҲŻ
ܿŻժ״ԪɣƫƫΪÿֻø̽ɡ
˵ɶ˵úÿһǼ¶

ľ˵ΡΪ״Ԫʧ֮һ£ɶˡηл˵Ρժ̽ɣǼֱףһˡ
Ҫ֪ԵʱΡΪշʧ˵񲻹ʮ죬緭̾˵ӡ
ηţˡ˳ˣȥ⿴ϣ̽λдȷʵΡ֡
֣ҲԵϺš
£η̤ʵˡ
̤ʵֹס˷ܡ

񵥵ĴʹѾʼν֡
״ԪͰ۶Ǿϣ״Ԫɳ԰Ѿʮ꣬۳ԹӼ࣬꼶Ρ곤꣬˼ҡ
Ŀν֣ף״Ԫۡ̽һϡ
ͷһվΡͿøۡ
¶棬¥ϵѡǧСѾȶ׷׶׼ΡڵķԾԾԡ
ճ£״ȤΡ̽ɽһˡ
ΡЦѳɼңֻҪʧ顣
ÿһЦŲۣѾȲһס
Ρע⵽˫Ȳźۼǰɫļ米ڵϣ
ûˣĹߵɫǺ죬Щ̽粻죬ƫƫԼʱͻȻӿٶȡ

иĵĹ涨״ԪͰպҪεģ̽ɣвŲУòҲУò汸
̽ǿνֵ档
ÿһεĿν֣ÿ̽ɲ٣λƺʤһ˰μòҲû
Ƚδɣһֹױ˵۷ִӹ͸ĳһһȻ˵ģȥʲôɾʱ̤ʵģ
ȻΡλ֮̽ɣӣܴǧСǵġ
ηȺؿ׿ˣٳ¥һﲨĹʱЩЦá
糤ȷʵãɶһˣȻô
ηۣϸͦϵĨӰԭ޵ɫǱζ躻Ҳָϣ;øոպá
ηͻȻ֣ʹȻʹĲһ
ѹָ¥ϵĹԡ

һգ˻ϲ˳
ȽϺͬСԺ֮̽ϲٸջ˵ķ졣
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Եڰ˵ĺˣ䵽ףͬʿ
ɶͬʿ
ûﵽʿˮ׼ʵΪ˿οڳƺʿͬȣԽͬʿʵϣǽʿ
ͬʿûھǣֻȥطıСְ˰Яûʮ밾
Ҳ˵εǰ׽ʿôˡ
뵽̽ȥνֵΡ˺޺ۡ
ԼĿʧΡΪΡ¥ԷͲԵ޹ʱ˴򣬲˴Ͳ˷Ѱµʱˣ飬µһǧɡ
ʵõǰ壬ԿǰʮҲǹ㶯Ƥӵ¶
һʼ۵ȷдúΡŪ͸ռңɺóȥ£ֺ˾ǸʺĳĽƫƫϻһ޹ֱȺĳЩŮ˻Ļ
һ룬ˣֽʺȥռң̶ֻˮø鷳С£ֱˤңĴȥ
Ρ̽Ϣԭˤĺֱӷǡ
ޣģΡһù˲ʮꡢԿˣƾʲô˵һ˺ݺݲͷϣ

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Ρһ̽ɣֱ뺲Ժޡ
лΪ׽ʿҪٿһԲȷںԺʵ۽ʿȥط١
Ρʱ䣬л˵һʱŲ
ΡĬл뵽ʲôǲǴٻؼȥɩǣ
Ρ룬һصڶʮ콫һµʱ䣬˵ٵĺѸ浽ôļ٣˵;ʱ泤٣ͬڰԼλøˣٻǲлƻ˶ˡ
οܸһµļ٣Ҳһƽصݡ
ȻȥΡǲðա
ǼգѾпʵڣûùֻиù
ΡصͬСԺηٻݣѵһ
ηû˵ͷӦ£ȥĹݺ١
Ԫȴͬ⣬˵СùȥݣһյҾܰ˸ӻģѾˣ·ݣС޷;棬Ҫڼҵһ¡
ôһ˵ηҲеһµĳѾǼޣҪϼ£ɴͲȥĹˡ
綼ȥҲȥ˭ȥη꣬뵽ˡɵҪүȥӣ
Ԫȥɣȥү̽ӵ
㣿ηһĲģһСޣôԶ¶ô죿
Ԫ˵尲˱ңӦòܾİɣ
ηֶܲȥðգȥĸˣֻԪ洦ܡ
Эһ£ջͬԪȥˡ
ˡǱߣηȥ档
ˡʱ򣬶Էͦ⡣
ԴǴֱŤ֮󣬶һˣСûͷһ
ηûˡ۾Ų𴦣˵Ҫؽˡ
ʵʵڸҪȥ
ˡĵһӦˣǼ·ƪˡ
иصôӦ
ûˡһʱ̣ηִԪҪȥҵɩɩలż˱¶

ˡ˼ֲĻ
Ρ԰Ԫͳǣʱˡ˵һ¡
㻹ǲǵãϴθ˵ةฮռ׵λ
ΡЩӡˡ˵үʱµķծ
ǹ׵û죬ͱͬһλƸ̣ˣȻռҼ£СϢ©˳λΪԸ׸ռŮ

1822

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˴עӣ㱾Բã˸ǰҲֵñһ۾Ƴ˵ķ
˺Ʋϡ档
һĿ˾ƿΪò⣬Ҳϡ档
Ҫ˵˾ܰةฮָŴԺլ̣ˣϡˡ
ôò⣬Ϊ֮
ǾñóռҲеġ
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Ρ̲ؿһۣΣ̣Ҳ㣬ô࣬۵ûţ
ûˡͣǶòеϸ㴵һѣû뷨û뷨ǰҵˣ
Ρ裬׾ͽתƣΣ
֪ҪСãˡ˺٩˼ʵϷǼҲ
ȷûпηǳԴöȻ˶̬ȣǶǼõġ
ηҪȥҲΪܽĴ
ԭ˲
ΪͽԼõĺĹݣ翼˽ʿҲӲһŰ˸߿
Ϲȥ
ˡݵϷηÿ춼ݵúͶ룬ϾǷ֮¡
Ρ˵Ѿʮ꣬ʺټڽˡ
ˡһ⣬ƾԼĽʿǸת
Ρס
ˡûӦĸоЩ΢ѾϰÿС˽»ȥ̫̫ǰ
ͻȻһӲټĿһ飬˶᲻
ˡһȥĹݽη
û˲ע⣬η
ηһ
ˡбڴӭϣֱ
ηͷƤ飬üͷʲôֱ˵
Ƕ֪᲻¡
η˭˵ҳˣⲻѾؽ𣿡
˵ҪĹݵתȥ
ôζʲôηһס
ζӽͽ׻ϵ޹ϸ
ϵ϶ҪģֻηԭƻǵԼӺĹݱҵûϵôתȥ
绹˵Ѿʮ꣬üˣڽȥ
ˡ˵ţص۾ȥηķӦ
ηû˳Ĭ
ĵ⣬Ҫݣ͵Ĺ޶ܴˣٲãҲͬСɩɩӻ߸
ǣʱףû취ȥĹݡ
ȥ˺ĹݣѧɾͶʮͷˣǸʱ򣬾Լ̥ǳ˴ҹ㣬Ҳķ
¶˼ԸҪ˶ʮϹǾǣһͱ¶ȥ˵һ뷨϶ɶù򲻻ᵽ˶ʮû˼ҡ
ˡᣬüȥԸĥǶ㡣
ηк޺ޣһھȸ˸ľӣһǰ뿪ضϱ
⻹û
ǾˡƣԼҲܸôûƷ¶
ðò⣬ηֻҽѣҵˣǶµʱٸ𸴡

ԪģˡŵĻгİ
Сһûĵùʣһ·ϺóԺúȺ˯оûô͵ݡ
μڳﱸ硣
µطĸӺģ˾͵øµظɻ
μҵĶϱҪõö࣬ѾڵĴϱֻѾͷĶϱǰòſɤ˵ϱһ
ֻϱͶϱͷϣΪȲڣڼĳʳܲЩҪ˵Ҳǰμˡ
ϱӼµӾͿʼźš
Ժ˼ҵسǿӣǮź򣬴һѲƷżָɱֻĸϣƽﲻǻ
ͬʱĻʮ˴һݶˣС˺ĽμҶϱи
˵Ǽޣһɾ͸Ƶģ㶼㲻֪ڣˣ
զ֪ôгϢܿϾүҪ֪źҲ޵μȥ
֪ƨҿǳʺϲȺģ


Ԫ죬ĺ䶯Ӿǻ˫
Ϊɶ
Ϊ޳԰ڣһͷȣֱӴ
룬ôһͷŻĲǹүɶ
Ĵһ߸ϣ׼Ρھǿе˹ү½ˡ
˻ûȿϡ
˵һˣͷǶĹٶ
лʹٽ׿϶͡
ǻŸɶϽģү񣡡
˵ţһũˢˢϹˡ
ԪǷ
һƣǸޣûɡ
Ԫأ
Ԫһϣҵû
ûզƭأ
ǿȫ㳤Ҳ٣
޾Ƿʰ
Ԫɨˣһû˵ҵûǵҼſ¹򣬻ԸԸģ·ֹˣԹͷϰɣ
٣ССͣ˵㻹ǰɣ
Ԫ˫ֱŲŤŤǣԸ񽲵ֱӷԸغԺţ˭ҪǸҼſ¶ÿֱӴȥ
ڴһŭ£ԪЦЦ˸˵ҵѾе˹٣ǾҥҲϾʱ

ǰΪԪˣǣһΡ浱˹٣ȫˡ
ԪǴתķлֱ̧ŽԺš
϶ˮ߸򲼣ԪЦŴк
ԪЩԼҼϣЦźѡ
Цࡣ
СӼǰǲǵģͷһعѣǸȥһ˾ǣѧˡ
ԪûԺﶺֱȥݵĲӡ
ڸѣСһ̫СˣϸƤģֺöһ첲û
Ūһ԰š
ͻȻ˸̶ԪЩɵۣſڰû
СһﻻѵʱתͷɿԪЦŴкԪˣ
⧲һʺֱԪᶯˡ

183ɵùʷ3

Ԫɵվԭأӹôţȥһ˾ǣʶˣ
ֱ˵Ӹ£ԪŻعգգ۾񣬸оΣ
̽һ䣬Լе飬ƺ¸ղֻǻþ
񿴳һʱԽܣЦЦûٳ
˵Ϳɤˣ´ԣûдȥǡԪզͼһˣأ
ǵܵܽ￪ɤ˵ϢеԪʱڻҪûϻشӵ⡣
˻ŵû̽ɵ˹٣Ѿ뺲Ժְˣ治˳٣үȥǡ
ɶ̽ɣ
Ҫ˵ԡԡһ׽ʿ׽ʿ֮İʻ㣬ָһĨڣɶҪ˵̽ɣϾˡ
״Ԫۡ̽
쵱ͷûҲϷͳ֡
ֻӾãԼҶӸ̽¶ϷĻϷģٵġ
ԪûЦɣ
ô¶ܿЦ𣿡Ԫ˵ţνֵɽ˺ʢ˵Ϊ̫ã¥ϵĹ˺ö򣬲ǣȫܿˣһûС
ڴͷбŽԺﲻֳ๫۵ӣϴμһ죬ǰ׵ʱ񶼻ܻųӸԼͷʱϸڡ
ʱԺֻʣ֣ÿ
ȻΪҪû۵üǲ๫϶ȳ껹ÿ
๫̽ɵĺϢ֪ڿǰЩʲô
Ԫ˵˵ûڵ⼸£ʲô¶ˣ
ܾãǰһԼЩġ
Ԫ˵ûʲô£ֻϾ;ˮʱСĻ֣˿ջԡֲѽŸˡ
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ĬԪǲóѡ
ȻҪţ˵ϲõ¶ˣڣԼٸʳǵﲻæŸĵ
ϵûԪʡ
Ԫ˵ûǾͺˣҲ˳ȥμӿԣֱӸ̽ɡ
ϴ򲼣̽ԴǼôд
ŷӦпˣæӳȥȲ衣
Ԫӵ̧ƨɣŲĴ齱£߿Сһ
ԽԽȣСһ۵ļܲסƣ¸ߵʱû٣ϵްŻͷĴ춵ǡ
Сһĸ첲С¶ͷźмԵķֽߣžġ
ԪǿһʵڱﲻססСơ
۵ļУ˲ļһŪ
СһԼ죬ԪһͿ񣬡ܵǽн𣿡
šһȡСȼȡ
ΪɶҪȡԪܵƽر죬ҶܽԪܵܽнͦõͷһֵ֪ܡ
ܵʮһ꺢ӵĿ飬ݸԪò
Ҳ
˾ҪҲú͹Сһнòã
һòأԪƣͷĺԺޣܲСȡСɣҪȥͬЦġ
˵ºȱɶȡɶõܵвƣ
˵㶼뺲ԺˣٷƳ¶öӸвƣ
ԼôţԪ;һͬܵܽн
ԪҲҪнʿлȥӼˣҪϲȽȡʱ˳Ҳȡһ
Ԫ䣬Ȼû˵ҲóҪܵһõĴ

Ԫ磬Ρ̽ھǵٵϢܱ߼ӵ˾ùǺ
˲ţص
ԪҲӷ˭Цеظ˽͡
ֵһ㱡
λ̽ɣԴùֶɶɶ˳˭˭ù
߶졣
򣬱åˡ
Ҫţ迴Ҳ׿ԴҸǱˡ
˻һӣϲ֪ٵù¶֪ٵùˡ
ΨΡˢǶڡù֪
ΡϣԶȽϲùʲôΪһΣù
ȻڣǸΪù˲ùѪͷСӣƤӵ¶ù˿Ŀ˿ƾپͷ
ʮʣһٳ֪
ֱȻϷ»Ҫʡ

184ƽл1

˸Ρƽܽ᣺
ѡ뿼ѡȢϱѡ
ҡĿ֮кת
ʮ꣬صƿͷһ˸̽ɡ
¼Ҫдɻõ¥ȥ˵飬ָ

лҲ˽ʿֻȽΡǰ󷴲֮˴ĳԵƽӹࡣ
лյϢʱ򣬷ϺӴ岻ٴμͶ
ӣӡɩӡ֮ĳƺһˮġ̫̫
ӻͣͷһر˹غͦá
лˣҲѧЦź̫̫밲
űŤҲл裬Ԫ˵ǼСҲˣ˶ãҲøһ̫̫
лûдŻϺӴˮǱеϢÿԪһС촫
˵ɶɶ
ǰϢʱ򣬴󲿷˶ԶлѸעŵΡϡ
ˮǱߣ͸ûлɶ¶ˣЩ˵ſڱտڶμεĳϢھǵ˴٣Ҫѵȥ
ϢϢˣ
лǹɩϲģûͻȻĳôһû˷Ӧ
һľͷˣ֪û˰Ϣݹȥ
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л٣ÿֽŲͣŵɻʱǶӡ
ллԳʱ򣬼ĺ涼ϣϸˡ
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лҪѧɿлҾͳ׷ˣҲüһѣڻظҶֱ
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ԲɣлЪ꣬л趼ûɶŹѾü˰˼Ķȥÿ궼е룬ǶԼеģȥҲеˡ
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лûֻ࣬ǱлΡȥǼ̬ŵȻӾ͸ĸɵˡ
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ΪӳϢ˸ˣͷȹĵģǶӵİΣزľи̡
ǼɲҲû𣿡ӵԪ˵ˣزдţȫӵĿţɵվͷԪ˵˵лСҪ˵ɶ
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ԪȷҪھˣ
Ԫͷϴ̽ڵҶҵǾ٣Ȼֻھǣλҵ˼Ҫү̶ߵġ
ԸҶ
лĿ࣬μԺͲˣ
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Щٷл̫֪һ£ֶӳϢˣھǵˣμҵø֣иĻͥ
лĽԪ˵ǽʿֻҪοܷӺھǣ˶ã͵ùȫȥǡ
лһ㶣ģɻ忼òûΪɶҲھǣ
е㳤ˣԪ֪Լ˵˹Ҳͼ򵥸ܵģֻҪԹ˾ܡ
˻ûߣлͿʼϣҪǲǼôզ
ڳһͷϺȫһιģͻȻ˵Ҫˣе᲻á
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ǻ˵лЦ϶ǹټ̫̫ˣž̹ⲻǸ鲻𣿡
ٸ鲻£ҲܾɾӶߣҪߵĻҸеˣϾ帣ȥ㻹Ϻ
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һֱͷŶ뵽Ӻ׼ң˼ҸžҪϾȥټ̫̫ˣе㲻ζתͷһԼӣȽˣû׼ǵٵĻǮ
϶ԵϹүûôִţ˫۾ֻõǮֻҪǮͲ˭ȥ
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ݵٵĵ٣⣬һұһҹú
ϱһԱȣ־ԼˣҪûӣҪûӡ
ĥƤӲŰѴɼҵŪָ֣ܶʳԲȥǮ˳챩꣬ĲӸ˸׶͸ʳȫùһǮûŲ˵ЩԲϷΣֻܳ֡
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˵Լ˷ӣУϴ̽ڵңҶ͹ԼСԺϡ
ϱԼѪǹɾֹֹס

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⸮ؿԺģȥ൱ţȵƾֱӲμԡ
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ûٸ˳Сһ˯֮˵³ӡ

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⼸Ԫ鷿æ
żý˯
֪ͷȫϡ˶̫
ŶϾԪڼһ£Сһ˰գӲ˿ӣ׼Ͼ
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ΡԺӣһǸǱģһ׸лҡ
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ǵ﷭ˣҲ⡣
Ρûܾ
˵Կ׸ңһƳû壬ǾԼᣬҲţպҵ¶
ãΡԺӵԿ׸ҪҲڣǾùøĸæ
ͷӦ£ԿյͷȻҪȥԺǲ׼תˣ
Ρŵã֮ǰڷ𣿾ʹ￪ʼɣʱת֣ȿոꡣ
û뵽ȻԼʱһȿЦϡ
ֱӵĸо΢΢ů
԰ͳȥͻԤϵЦܿȥ
ΡҲСϱĲԾû˵ʣʲô£
๫ǲҪȥԺ
Ρ˵ǣ뺲ԺЩԶС
뺲Ժǹٳˣ䱸ܵ͵͵þ͵
˵ܲĻ;ܿɣȥŵ·;ű๫շǵȥ˺Ժ˶ײˡ
ǻָĵһԤУѾҲīдϰ죬ֱӶƤӾܰʲô
ͻȻú㡣
˵á
ͷһôԤУΡͷһЩ΢΢񣬶֣ܴɤʹɻĲ
ҡͷûУӻָڣˣһֱͦõġ
Ρģջ֡
뵽ǰԤУɻ󣬡˭Ҫ๫
ԱߣǰĪͷʲô֪飿
Ρû룬ֻ˵ӦԼ̽ɳΪ͢¹еһЩˣԷ׽Ū
Ϊʲô򣿡ǾΡ
ϴʡǿջŻǸԤоεıһ飬ֻէȫû취֪Ϣ
ΡղֻܲУߵԺҪʱ䣬¸ϲϵîżţûٺ̸򵥵СԺ
๫ߣŴˮúðԼʰһȥջ𣬸׼緹
Ǹ˽һµ·۵òᣬ޵μ꣬ͷһؼô
ηѾ˰ϡȥĹѧˣӺϵǰŽݡ
Ԫǰͷү̽򵥴˸к
״æ빫ܿȥݰŵȺͷ˹
񣬡ȥˣ
ͷ˵ǣ๫һߵġ
˿ûԤе¶
ȻѾ๫ܿûҪŸŵġ
緹ѽŴţ׼ȥˣǰŷӣ˵׼ᵽԺȥ
ˣֹԺСС˵㣬һסҲ㼷ܽסͽסɶð᣿Ժӻ˲Ǯɣ
ЦŽͣ๫ںԺְ̫ԶҵĻÿ첽ȥ̫ˡԺӣ๫˵Ϸġ
Ӧ˵˼ԺӸЩ
ǼֵǵĹŶͱһѡˣЩЦãԣϷ忴๫ϵĶԺӸġ
ͻȻ̾˿ɴСͰЩȥѧ꣬Һ㹫ĻԸ˶ȥޣûӸ˸¯
ҵʱ˸һٰɣģɣÿθǮ϶ŶҲҪȥЩûõ
ҲͷϣӴ£Ҳй¶ϣҴѵҲţϸġ
㹫Ȱң˵ãǵùɶʱͳ¶ˣٹЩѵиãƾĵˣֻҪ̹ڣôŶɡ
ҲĵùޣɶҶûٹʡ
ӵЩ⣬Ҷ벻һһЩȻЩϡ
ЦԺѧʿеģ˵Ǹ¯һϴܵ
ֱɵۣۼɴСǸ
ֻЦ
л˵һ仰ΡˣҪôһùףҪôڿ
ãԼ๫ǺߣСôкģ϶һ²ϻͷ˳һܳɴ¡
˼䣬ŲϽ֡
ˣˡ
ү
ͻȻſڣˡŵùǺðβŻع
Ǹɩ˰
ˡͷĽ˵޵ʱָģǾ˵ıŤ
Цôţң
ûûСˡæֻһʱ֮Щϰ߶ѡ
ǰƽĵɵҪж
Ϊɶ⡣
ˡ˵壬ľͳϹ䡣
ôȥǼˣʡ
ˡЩڣɩӵĹŲ¹ȥŵǡ
š˵ţ뵽ʲô⼸Ҫˡ
¶ˡ֪ǰȥԺǱ߰ɣ
š
ҪҪæ
ҡͷ˵ãСԺûٶлǱ߰ţ̫Ѿ
ˡûǿĬ˻ЩʣɩӣСǼҴôãүﵽ˾û
⻰˵ޣӴһ¾ˣʵˡǹʹûᵽСӵĻ¡
ѹ´Ц⣬˵ʵûʣҹǼҴˣ˵Сӵ˳䣬ϣɰɫ÷ѻ°ˡ
ˡüΡǲǴӦˣ
ôӦѽУΪãܾܾ
˵ʲôˡû̫ȥЩҺģûѻ˵ֱ꣬ǡ
ˡҴ뿪ıӰʧЦҡҡͷ
⻰
춼ˣ˫ƱƱܿдɺĸ˹(*^^*)

193ţǶ̧Ȣ㣨1

ˣӴӲгȥׯ򣬲ü޲ȥ¡
Ҫׯӭˡ
һһŮ
еʶԴϻʡ֮Ҳûĺˡ
Ůӣ毺ã˴磬һϮǳɫȹϳˡ
²ʯҲоóͷϵμֵơ
ŮӲʶֻǴһ۾ŲĿ⣬ֱǰߡ
ǺˣԴ򿴵ϵıЩ̫Ȼ
գ߹˸кɩӳˣ
ΪװʶԼЦЦͷ
ûú֪Լָ¶
˱ΡأһǸưͣԼʵټ򵥣ҲشԾʹͷ
ǰͷѾԶŤͷڸİŮ˽˻ûʲôؿ˵ʲôأ
ɻؿŮӡ
˽ܵҼӣϡ
ԣһôܣԼռҵĵŮ
ɫƬ̽Ӳշŵúܺãת˲ͻָǰЦݣָ褽ܣλǱ̽ɼҵӣǰݾʶոкŶˣӲ˵кˡ
ԭź˵Ժɫʱ
ٸо˸հԼݽܳӿԼʹ˵⡣
褶ȷе⣬׼ȷ˵ǶԽλ̽ɼҵе⡣
ԭ򡪡
褸ةฮף˶˼ŵүĸŮȴһСûةฮܴŮ
Ϊ˰Ůˣڿ˼ꡣ
׿ν죬վڸ¥ϳ̽Щһݡ
˭û뵽̽ż㿷֮ޣܿ
ǸǶֽŵģûܴΡ
鷳꣬ʲôฮأȫԺֱȥ˸ᱻϳСƹݣȼơ
˭Ϻ֮һԼͺͺ˵һŴϣŴƣϴĿĨλεظòʡµʱʲô
ûסռˣԺ󣬺Ҳûˣվ˵Ը⵹Ŷ
褵Ȼ⣬޵̽ΡǸνةȴҪŮ
ԭܼ򵥣ǽƾٵĿȻֻףиةڣҪıȱ¡
ռΪֱֲ伫Ůӡ
ԭͿп޵Ů׵˵һţΪүͻʺһȫȫռҵŮ
ǿ£ĨȥӰ
оϻ˵Ⱥ֡
оϻ˵һ˲һš
褸һԱŤˡ
Ⱥ˻ŤΪԼеı綼ΡɵģΡûж㿪ֱȢͲ޸
Ρ֮ԲȢȫΪǰһǴŮˡ
ҪǣԷȻǸ˵ưͣ
ԼٲҲةฮС㡣
ΡȻΪ˸ưͶȢ
ֱ̫
̶̼˲ʱ䣬褶̬ȾѾӵ⡣
͵͵ƳһۣԷ¶׹⣬ع˹
ԭֻֿŮռҡ
ԺŷŮ˼úܣӹ޶Ρ
ͻȻãޣδǼ¡
룬ǶиͬĵˣԺڶԸΡϣͬ顣

֪Ǻ˺һΣûܰԤпƲű˺ָʹ
ҪԸΡԭ
һѿʧ֮𱨻
ڶү˼
ة˵˺Ρͬ磬ʶˣһȥ£ΡΡŪռӪ
ʲôûΡӾ
ةһӣǾȥ
ԭΡ֪̫ġʷ֪ɹ飬취ڡ
ԲŻ˽׼ڰ·Ԥı
ֻôû뵽Ρٳûг֣Ӱûš

˷ߺûڽ϶ܿ˺ͬСԺ
ΡûԼڽˣΡѾռŮ
Ρ󼸲ɼü
ôˣ
ΡˡİԣǰˡңռλﱻͬĿƺۣΪԸ׸ռҵŮΪǷǣһֱûȥռҵŮλ֪֮Ҳ֮С
ƾΪ˶Ըͬտջ˼͸ΪھǶ뷽跨ռҹ̶ռô
ʵΡ뵽ģֻԸԼû۵ü°̫ѡ
ô׼űʮа˾žˡ
Ρÿɷ񣬶ֿ񣬡񣬷ҽⳡֿζܲ
һ˱ײ˵ĿԺܴصģˡ
ΡСϱִﾩǣһ죬ԼкܴҲ

ηѧӺĹݳؼˡ档
ŸռˣˡǰЦϱ
η棬Ϲʲôأ
ˡ쳤ϣ⺰ͺ£
ηøܣҲûãһҪȥ
ܲȥ𣿡ˡ׷档
Ϊʲôηתͷ
ҡҽ첻£ܲܰԼҷһ߶˰ɣ̫̫֪ô룿
ηһۿװϵĲ
Ķ
ηͣһ䣬㻹ǰɣ
ιѵǶĺ𣿡
ηϸ˳򣬡û
˵ͷߡ
СãˡҧгݣıӰôãҾô
ηе£˽Դҩ˰ɣ
Ҫߣˡʵ޿̣ǰס׼ɣ޲ޣ
η̧޸˭
˵أ
֪

Ҫûʲô£ҵˣʱأηƿ
ˡһץסļԣǶһյؽѧǿʯͷҲñ˰ɣ
أηգգۡ
Ҳ׼޸ˣ
ԭ򣿡
ûԭǰѾǽĶϱҪתͷ޸ˣǲظˡ̬ȼǿӲ
ЦǼûýƸ̧Ȣҹţƾʲôܼ޸ˣ
ǰɣˡҧ
ͽôŰɣ
УǶԽҺúڼҵţǶò˶þͰ̧Ȣ˭˭ӣ
ðҪҲȢӣԺˣǵùҽ̡

194˵ý2

ˡظԺ󣬵һʱȥ˺Ժ̫̫
˵ʱ򣬻û̫̫ͨһ¹
̫̫ӣɶأ
ˡĻڹ̣Ҫ̹һ¶
̫̫Ƥһʲô¶
鷢չһʵ˵ǲˣˡɫʵҺСõĻ¡Ǽٵġ
˵̫̫꣬ôص̧ȥֻ̣̫̫һسĬʲôû˵
ˡֵΪ˺̿ģѲŻ²ߣһж⣬ĻҶɡ
£һ󳤾õĳĬ
ˡûڣ̫̫ôˣȻһԡ
ˡûԤе̫̫Щͷԡ
̫̫˺һʣ˵ˣ
š
̫̫ˣ̹ףǳȥ˰ɣ
ˡʣǲĺϲСã
ֲ޸Ӹҹӣϲɶã
ҪǼأ
̫̫һ£˼ҶֻϷͬ޸㣿
ˡüҪô˵޵أǰôҪ֣оɾͰ˸£
⻰̫̫Ŷûš
ԼҴӣùʱҪ˵Ҫܳɣץѻ°ˣ˶ϴСȥҲǸ¶
ˡ˳ͷԣһ̫̫ΪʲôСüٳ׵Ϣô
վܿȥǰԺ͵
Ҷŵ֮Ͳ̫οη̽ãŵ֮˼ҲȫϽ
ദֻϷ󽫾Ҳη鿴ģѾͷˡǸǿ̫࣬Ҳôӣܰҵļҵٳȥ
ûˡֱ⣬˵¡
˵¶ͱˣȥýǼһˡ

׼˵׵ʱμѾƺ˰ҵӡ
񵱳ԣӲɣûΡ塣
лͨл֪μҪᣬûߵ˹ȥ룬ֱӾˡ
ԺӸյǻΡͷһЩ¼ҾߣͬԺߵľɼҾ߾ûͷᣬĶЩСģأֻЩ
˶࣬ר̹װתͰѶȫ꣬ΨηǼ䷿û
ͬСԺĹݽ
ηѧȥԺǱ߲㣬ֻסںͬԺþͽѧ
ԺӱȺͬԺǶģиԺ
ȥԺóЪţԼлϱŰѷʰ
ͷļҾ߶ʮµģޣõֻͨľϣҪ˼ңҲˡ
ϵһۣ˵ҪõľϻԼ
๫Ͼˣõٸɻϱ
ֻЦЦû˵Щܹ˵Ļ
ǰǴݰĶſ⣬һ£õľͰڳõģҲûӣȫõȥżӶ̲ס߶ӡ
õòˣŴԪȥˡ
Ͼǰң˳Զٷ
ֻǼھûɶݣģҲֻлһҡ
ΡõʱѾúã񼸾䡣
˵ǱߵԺӸС˼˯ԿҲᵢȥĹݡ
ôϸܵΡﲻ㣬֡
ôˣ±ֳȥ
˾һϺ֡
л迴ԼǳûļӣٳؾصԪԱȹе˵ڷл
һ£ǰ˵Ǽ϶ҪӣúӸȥѧ𣿡
ˣǶǰˡл˾Ҳֶ֪аǼԪ˼飬ʶģȥһɶһ˴ӾǻȥǣҪǼ⼸ϣ붼롣
л˵ҲģҪĲãѧᣬҹ쿴ûкʵġ
ԪͻȻֻǽѧֵĻҿԽ̡
ʱܽӼ࣬е÷ùû¶
л᲻ᵢ飿
Ԫѧʱɼͺãһл֪Լ⼸Ӳ̫أҪҲһȥû׼Ԫֵܼһܺúѧ
ˡԪ˵ĿǰȥӼ࣬Ҳš
˶ˣлȻ֮á
¶ô¡

պ󣬳Ρ壬ý˵ס
ΡѾǰкԵý˵Էǽӵʱϲû¶̫ྪ
ýŲ֪ϸڣֻ˵λ̫̫̽մûá
ԭ¸ƤǳҪ֪ԼиүŮһ׼˵Ҳű˼Ƥ̧һ¡
ǷӦóϡ
ýŲ꣬ƤǳԸ˼̫̫̽ҪûӣôϢĶ
ֻһ¸¶ôݣ˸߿һۡ
һ׮߶ͬ⣬ֻмǣߵĻ£Ѿ֪Ůü޹ȥӾûǣýż䣬ǹˡġ
λүͷЩɵýŵģóǷ̫ƽһ죬ڵĶܸ˵ɰ׵ģ̲סϰѹŮȥ
̫̫һʣЦеģﳤ̰ܶˡеޡ
Ųף˭ܲţΨ᲻Сӡ
Ρ˵ˡ۶ã˵ȥݽǵͻˡŵġ
ţɵֻǸˡͷεضɼ۶治ԼҹŮ̯ô๫ҲǸ֡
һǳ̸֮ýŴμͬĺϢϲ̻ȥˡ
η֪Ѿ˵ף⻰ˡԸġ
η꣬ЩӦô죿
ˡߺߣٲ죬Ƕ´μ͵װӺһˣܳƿ
ηûסЦһ£Ҫʲô
ɩףܼ򵥵̡
ھǣⲻһȽڡ
ˡңҵ㣬ǴʮޣǴ쵽ʮꣿ
ܴ꣬ӺĹѧɳˡ
ǸʱѾʮꡣ
ʮף˵ȥЩ
ʮ꣬ǾͻռһʮꡱͷôҲȶʮǿ
ηûô룬ֱӻش𣺡ڶʮ֮ǰɣ
Ǿǰˣ
ʮ³Ѿʣ׼ʱ䡣
ˡܲܳɣһ˿ӡ

1953

Ѿ˸ηǰףھеϣ˶࣬˴ŹܼҺæӵܰѸ׼Ķ׼
Ҫÿηߡ
²Լɴδ͹ͷĸطĻϰ׶ⲻ˵ġ
١
ȥʱĹĿγѾѧò࣬ʵȥȥûʲôֱȥҲֻ˷ʱѡ
Ҫ⣬æ¶ٻȥҲɡ
ηʱΡø⡣
ΡĹݵĳʲô
Ȼѧ㶫ˡ
ѧԺأΡʡ
⡭ηưˡ
Լ֮ǧټҪȥǵطԼ̥ǣ
ڣԼΪ˳ȥļ١
ηʱһֱˡ˵ĸо
˵㲻ȥΪѾѧò࣬Ӧ÷ڻϡΡԺЩ¾ͲҶݵǰзң㱧Ϸ̬ôףҲա
η˵ƿԡ
Ӧ޸ˡηǿ˶Է˺ദùҾ͸ҸżңӲܹ̹
Լڽ֮ǰƺûõĸ׼
һϯ׳Ĭ
ĥһϣڶգη֣صظΡȥĹˣ͹ԹԴڼױ
Цʣͨˣ
ηƤ˵úȲҺˡΣұʹҲҪˣֻܲԼ˽˵뷨
˵ֿ꣬񣬡СɩɩǲҲе˽ˣ
Ȼ򣬾˵Ǹʵ۶ĺùô˽أ
ηͷȥҪǷѣҿδܳһʱڶ벻Щ

ƽȥϲĴ֮üһģһġ
⼸ææŶռңڻϵоһʱ֮治α
´ۣƾԼܶϣʱÿЦ󷢣һʱֿķ漣
罨½λүⷽмңҪ΢ȥ빬һˣ
ἰ½Ϻүһ޵Ͳȥˣֵô೼ӣͲûһеģȥϳ
ٶȿ죬ûͰѳǼλŹǴ쵽鷿
񣬹ֱˣָָԱ߹ŵĻλۣһǽҵ漣
λϳ㿴ңҿ㣬еʲô·
ûҶԣ˷ֱվǰϸĦóĽһ
˵һ漣Ҳ˵漣ġ
˵˵ùԿۣ̫Ѩͻͻ
һλͻȻԺԺѧʿǰЩӵһֻ¯һϴȫǽƷϳʱһ䣬˵ǺԺλ½ֹٰղأԺѧʿԺӸģһϲղص˶ⷽ涼оϲһԣ
һԸ̫ܹܣȥԺ˴
֪ż̫ܹصؼӿų̣ԺֱԺѧʿŶǴ˭ϵġ
̫ܹǹ۸ǰˣԺѧʿ֣صÿ죬˵ǽԱ̽ɣںԺ޵Ρ
˵ţԴ̫ܹȥˡ
ΡڸԺǰֽ̾飬ͬŽ֪ͨΡҡ
Ρͬųȥ̫ܹܵʱһ¡
λ죬Եʱڹҡ
ΡƣֻùΡ
ǡΡףʹ¹Ϊ£
̫ܹܵۼģһ˰ɣ
ԣΡɻȴûʳֱ̫ܹ鷿
Ǽλϳڣ治Ը˵˴ˣ̧һƣɫΪ΢ı仯
ϣλֹٱҪ֮ˡ
΢΢ۡ
ȻСӣ
Ρĵϸû˵ղذ
뵽Լȼü֮Ρ棬۾;̽û׵㡣
΢μϡ
ΡѾǰ
ع񣬴ŷڵϵΡ뵽ڵԳϵΣʱСһ߯ˡ
춾Լһعһأ
Ρ˿֪϶ԼԹֻͷһϵġƽ֮󣬻վһԣʼĿⶼڵϣûжҲû̧ȥۡ
Ρ֪޴Ϊ£
΢֪
۶һڣ˵㶮ղأۣһ漣
ΡԣתֻƬ̾ջۡ
ʣͿˣ
ǣ΢Ѿˡ
۲̫ţ˵˵һ漣
ΡԥƬ̣˵΢λ˻رһ¡
Ρɵģܿ³Լ֮ǰ⼸λ϶ѾۣΪòŻԼ
ڣѾĶߣżλϳ˵ضһΪͬԼеǡ
ΪٳˣΡСĽԭκ¶˼Уֻ
Ȼ⣬ҲûܾǼλ£Ŀͣͣ㿴ķ漣ˣ
Ρף΢Ʒ
ܣЩ
Ѿ˼ѰģôȫƷ
ΡǷ漣΢ղعֻתˣΨһһٳͬġ
ֱüתָ˭ˣ
Ρʦ½Ϻүߵġ
Ρû뱩¶ʦֻϼ£΢޷͸¶ԷϢ
۶ͷ˹ģһ֪֮
Ρֱԣй棬ɷҪ΢͸¶Ǳ΢Υй棬΢ԣȷɷء
סԿӸ豭ĳ嶯У޲㣬޸㰲Ÿ񣬰֮ڣ漣׷ޱ˴󹦡
Ρҡͷ΢û취׷漣Ļ΢һ
üͷһԵ棿
΢۾
۶˰Σ޸㻻񣬰ºǷ޵ȥƽ񣬳ǲգޱ
Ϊ£ƽҲ⵱ֵÿ񶼱˻أͻ·Ҹȥ
СǱʧ򡭡

196ɼĸ1

ᵽԺԺ󣬹סڱݣΡСڴŽסݣԪסݡ
Ρ鷿ȺͬԺϼҵĶ󣬳ܣ˺üŶ౦רڷռĹֻ
ڣʱ˿վȥ鷿Ҳ
Ρûʱ鷿ſţûŻط¹ۣ鷿
ڣ氲κ
Ρ֣ὫƿЩ۴СϱıӰ
Žż⣬׼Ѷ౦߲ϸ÷ƿĻҡ
񾪵һˡ
÷ƿֻЩȣ۳˴÷ƿҪˤϡ
Ρ߹ȥʱ§סһֽӹ÷ƿ˷
÷ƿû¶µظ˸ؿڣЩֵصһۣô·ûأ
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΢ۻƿң
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ΡûɣѴĴĦ
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ܣ˵Ͻմ٣ȥĹϵƺ̫׺ڲ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôĻóȻº񣿡
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ţһĸͬá
ǻϽ񲻼򵥰֪£״ԷùͷҾã๫үû׼֪Щʲô
ΡһҲôġ
ʼˮ̫ȥͺ˭֪ʲô⣬һСģԼ͵ñöƷòʧ

ˡæ׼飬ûΡ
ǰŷһۣôôû׼Ҿ˸Ҳͷȥ˸
ŷԣȥͷذΡ뵽ǰ
ˡȣΡϡͰѵõţǴලල̻Ϊ˱¶
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Ρӹ룬źۼؿڵˡ
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ˡԱ£󿿣˫ش̫ʦηϡ
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۴ĹҲ֪˹ûʵȨ
ʱõͻʥּ˶Ȱ½ȥջسֻһԲŴͻʥּ˺ܾãһ䡮ΥͰѱȨȥؼ׼ˡ
ҵ˵һֱΪ½ΪλǾɫĹģԸԸΪױȨĳеü½ͳĹϵͷԵӣҲΪɼάŷ޹ϵˡ
ڳˣΪӹǲãӼʲôҲ룬ͻ֮Ϊ׮¡
Ρ꣬˸ģĴš
ˡͻȻɻ󣬡㲻Ǻֹ𣿸¶ô̯ͷˣ
Ρû˵ŪƷȥ续Դǣڴ۵
ֻһīλҵƷǳͷãԾͰ鵽ͷˡ
оеӡˡֹ䣬ܱ֮ǧǴŻϵȥڵĿԺܴ󣬵ʱ겻ô
Ρδ˿ңǳһڲ裬ֻӦ䡣
ˡҪȥ̽СϢ֪Խ࣬㵽ʱеףҲü¡
Ρҡͷʼҵ£֪Խ࣬鷳Խ࣬вܻ˶ղ˵ЩѾ㹻ˡ
ΡصңӱŽȥ˸лҴţԪҲڣлҼС֡
ϵŻｽˮ
ݸСްЩ׼ɻͼΡ
˯˴룬ĻѼͷźһôˣ
Ρ˿СϱȲ裬ˡ˵˳
ƵƵüô˵治Ǹò¡
ЩɻϸǰǲǶǰ֪ޣԲŻ㣬׮䵽Լ๫ͷ
Ρģ⣬ʣأ
ﱧȥлĸҴˡ
Ρʣ㲻ޣ
Ц׺񣬲ڡټҼι׺ˣͲ̫ճҡ
Ρ뵽ʲôһҲá

죬һƬ֡
ǲмģ겻ͬںãŮ˸СӲ˵ָɤܿ˵ˡ
Գԣ˳̹һꡣ
һû˷£¶Ǽ
Ե½뼸ͺúðһʱ򣬳ûоܾ
磬ǰѾͣ˺ü
Ķͷҷˡ
ΡǷŵʱΪûſھͱס
ΡûԼݣֻ˵ųԽƷоһ漣볤æۣ֪ܷͨһ£

ϲýƷڸϲʲôܣЩĶֻ֪ǳ˭֪һбʲôĿġ
׼˴ߣ洫½Ǽ
ԣæó
½屳ֿżһۼΡŸװĺ⣬۵׵ıĺΣҵ˭үԳȥ붼ˣվȻţôţںԺ̲ˮˣү㣬Ǵ壬ûǵˡ
Ρ۽ޣɫƽҽ볤æ
ģ½ͷһ٣ͻȻ˵Ĵӵ߳ϡ
壬񣡡
⻰
ðɣʵһ\(^o^)/~

197֮⣨2

ͻȻ½ȥ룬Ťͷ򳤹ԵЩôˣ
½һۣ˱߽ǿͣҪΪ͸ˣóԲѷ
½ƲƲȴҷ⣬Ĳ鲻ԸضΡ롣
Ρû߶ڳϤϣþûŲ
ʱϵľ㵹ԡ
½忴ûðɣò˵ھǣǳģҲֲһ졣
ٿүͰǶڳι
½ҧгݵܿΡ˼λ
ջĿ⣬񣬡΢ԺΡ
ȫû뵽ΡͻȻĵһۣЩӡ
˶ӣֻʶʣֹôϣ
Ρ΢ųϲýī΢һֻѱα볤æۡ
ЦΪƫƫѡڽ
΢ţӼƽǰû׼ŵ徲Ըڽճ硣
´ǻʵİɣ
Ρ
̫͹λͷˡ
ʵǳ˻۽𾦣̫˽Ρ
һȣǹٳˣ±ضֽÿһòȡ
ôóȻԼ
ûžͱֱӴΡҲþԾ̹ʵǻǲ˻ȴ΢ֶĲƷ
û˵Цɡ֮Ļֻڳʵ
ԭΪᱻܾû볤ͻȻЦһ㡣
½Ƶؿ򳤹
ֱӷԸ壬δ뵽
֪ΡǴŹ۵Ļģ½ٲΣΡȥ˲
ڼ½ֹ˼ʲôΡûһֱڻǰڴһĻ
ʱ꣬ҲԼûϴ
ò½һģһ
ֻƫ䣬½ƽ׽ˡ
ɺϣ˵Ǹͬһˣ
Ρڤ˼룬̫೶ɤӺ
Ρæһԣ׹
߽½˿ŵ̬
յעɫĲˮʹΡǳǳһĨȣʵ۳û˵ģ
ΡףֻǷԸ΢ͷΪ񡣡
ŶҪǱգ㵱Σ
Ρƽǻϵ⣬ղǳȨ΢ֻǸȵģȨԤѡ񡣡
Ķһ٣²յͻȻ̾Ҳʮͷûˣӣһû䡣
赭дһ仰Ρʵݳ˽Ӳĺۼ
۵üô峤Ļ½ߣͲݱضһ㣬˳ڳЩҲԽƶԼ뷨
ֻǣΡ²ֿܶܣȴΨûµ½Ȼ̫֮Ůʥһĸͬá
벻½ĸ
ͻ࣬ΡǰĳЩ֪췭ظı仯
Ƕ½ݣ΢ĵִ
ΡʶԼ֮Եִ½壬Ϊƽ
˶ߣû˵չİ
˻ȿڣɲؾ˵
Ρû΢վŻػ
һ˾롣
۵įҾЩ㵱ҽˡ
˵ţ̧ȥΡ仯ջĿ⣬Щ꣬Ұչ˵úܺãǷʮһлղϡ
ޣչӦض΢л
СӡʧЦﾻΣҹŮչ˵ǼȥˣңһһģٺҿɲŮ
ΡĬĬĿڣһĸƽ
˴ӡ
ҲŸٺһ
Ρߵǰ
Ը裬̲סʣΣ
Ρţ뵽һֱڰй۲״ԲŻʵôȻȻ
ͦõģָɤԺˡ
׿˵ã̹һ˱ЩƷȥֻ˵Լģҡ
ΡԼĲŮֶ˾䣬ǣ̫һ仰ܽڱ࣬ϣһӶֻ֪ҪܰãԸѾˡ
Ρȥβ¸Ϻ˳ȥμʱ˵һھǲĸҪ֪Ĵڣе࣬ܲס
Ҳô˵Ρ˼Ƭ̣ǰɻʳǷ񲢷¶
ûɷү½ۡ
𰸣Ρپ⡣
ϸϸ֮С
½ôˣôһתͷ¼޸İˣ
ֻͻȻˣһΪ½үʱڣΡ̫ת
Ҳԥ˵Ǻͼһʱ֮㲻Ӧûϵģԭûָϻ¶壬һ㲻䡣
ֽӲ˲ٹˣҪæдˣ̸ģֻϵĳУΡˣ԰Ļȥ
Ӳй·׼
ǰԺʱΡɱ½ۡ
Ρĵ½Щʧ
ΡôͻȻˣ
½˵ţϸ۲ϵжΡûи档
Ρһʵ΢񡣡
½ۣģ
ǡ
ô˵Ѿ
΢մӲ
½Ѿ˵ʲô
ȶԷڣΡǣ΢ûȥүûʲô£΢㲻ˡ
ŸýģӦöн½۾ûٶ˵ʲôԸΡ
Ρһʱ빬
۵֪Ѿ˻⡣
Ҫ֪겻˭ȥͣǸֱܻӸ˻̹ȻµģͷһΡ
һʲôҲο
Ρ˴󹦣޸Σ
Ρҡͷ΢뺲ûãδκʱ΢٣ʵǸ΢УϷҪͣȫ΢һԸ
ŶʲôԸ
Ρ̧ۣ΢ָĹݵ
ô򵥣
΢Ŀǰֻһ׮
У׼ˡ
ҪٷҪеˣй

198£3

˸ΡһĹݵۻ˸
Ρʱгڻʳſڵ
ԷǸСˣѳص׼ĲƷݸ˵ˣδǰߵļ˴ūŸϡ
£ֵδ˱˴Ӧ¶
Ρףлרһˣת泤Ӧ£ĳʳԡ
Сصͷ
ΡصңηսţתͷͼԺͣһոɵԭΪȥͷ˭ǳһھ͹ΡСүжԺôá
ηɵˣվԭû
Ρѳ͵ССУʮ
ηɵվԺѶ
ηǿ£˼˫Ծؿͷʣ磬
Ρףϰ˼£˸ðġ
Щ
ηͷССĺӡ
Ҳǻʹ͵ġ
ô˵ǼҾԼˣηһСβסĸˡ
ȻԼڽ̣ʳסжź򣬵ǱϾԼģ˵ûٸд
ƾԼıһܿɵԺ
ΡĻϲѶȥʰһǳ
ϣηĺӣ̧ݡ
״ģηأ£
룬˵๫ȥ¶ˣϸʹ͡
ηЩ㵣Сɩɩ֪
Ц
ǻʹ͵ġηһ˵һ߰зŵϣָָͷˣϻʹһأôôɣСɩɩҪҪȥƣ
ԣĿⲻسſȥ
ΡѾ߽ͦεͷ̫һ΢еʸС
߽ˣԼʱǳ˵ЦݣԼ鳱ӿ
ηҲоɩġüȥԾĬĬ˳ȥʰǡ
ӱŽӸлһԶͼԼǰͣһųƺҪѳж
Ƥһǰʣֵܣǲߴضˣ
֪Էμֻ̫̫ʵδǰԸҾжˣ׼ûġ
һĿɿڴ״̬£Ѿؽ⿪ϵʸճηôá
ηһǷӦ֪ɵˣЦǰͣ˵ˣǻ˸ģ󳵷ҲǼҡ
ӸоΣ͵ģ
ǡηԺɣٳþ͵˻ҪȥԶĵطٻǮͳˣԼҾУȥȥġ
ǺáĵٳãôܽӴˣǵ·ӡ
ӴιĲٵģ϶ӣɶ·
ҲǡҲԼĵеࡣ
ҪǸӶమӪģСʱͲһȥղЩ϶ҲǻΪԼ⡣

Ρ뿪󣬳ֻڼ
ΪɩȻɷ½ƽ۳ϡ
½ƽ۴СЩӹԽĲãﲻ⣬ֲĲ̬ףֱ߳ӣԱʱá
Է޻¶棬⣬ӭ
Ȼǳǰιֻ̬Ƿ½ƽ۽һһ͸˵Ĺ˷ϡ
ǰһվһ硣
ƽϲؾţ磬Ҳֻŵζźۼüͷ
ǾͺѰ㣬ֻЬƫƫҪװԻ½ۡ
ųЦЦһϲ֣ȴ磬ʲôϲ¶𣿡
ûҹ磬Ǵģ겻죬ҵ͵죬Ӧνϲ²ϲ£ȫƾҸˡ
ݽ˽
½ƽĿԼ첲ϡ
ǲָս
źۼŲߣ½ƽۺȻƿǣ򳤹ģҺþûɡ
ůǱߡ˵ţ˴½ƽ۹ȥ
˵Ҫȥ½ۣܿ׷½ƽ۵Ĳٴůȥ
泤ּ״üôȥүͲ¡
ЦҪǱʮǰ㲻һͿر½ҳϱ

½ůӴλѣ˵үˡ
ûֱӰԼ˳ȥ
һƼǲ½ƽվڲԶ̧ǰȻӹǲãôڼҺúýţ䣬˷磬Ǹأ
½ƽӴյ߿һϢ΢ҽҩʹ⸱ӹҲˣڼﲻǸ¶͸͸ͦá
½۵ů˶֣°һ䷿ôȥЪЪ
½ƽ۵ͷͷˡ
½ۺܿȥš
Ǽ״ɿ½ƽ۵ĸ첲˵ڼҪޣƳһ뿪ʵ½ƽ۵߷Χȥ׷½۵ĽŲ
۸磡
ĺ½ûͣ½Ųǰߡ
ǼԼصذθڳܣĲ֪𣿡
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ǰ磬һֳʲôʣƱػð١
ѣ½۶סתͷ
عӿٶߵǰ
ɩ£
½ۺһŸ֮ľ롣
û¾Ͳ죿Цʣ۽üĻ
ɩ½ҳϱݣҲ㡣
ǴЦŨѰܱ˺ϣΪʲôǵöһ۶
ԣ½Ƥһ

199Сռˣ1

һ½۵ķӦµԷ֪飬Ц˼ְѿȨĵ⡣
ܿ죬ѹ̧ʱ꣬Сǲ˵ʲô˵Ļ㲻ˣ
½šü
ǰǾ仰Ѿֶβ鵽˰£ɺһ䣬ڲȷ࡯Ƿʵ̽ķӦ
½ǰЩ̣ȴǿһĲںӣǸԼ˸壿
񲻹Ƭ̣½ֱǣһĵ䣬˵ǻϲŭϸһϲĽīΪȵλֹǰŲųţɩǲ⣬Ұ˸׷ʲô˵Ϊתϡ
½۵ķӦȫǵ֮⡣
ȷ˽ȥѰ䣬ֻϧÿβ鵽ؼûε˸شϢ˵Ѱиãֻһʱû˭
̽һķӦ
ôû뵽½۲ΪҲˣȻûв
Ȧ˭֪Ĳƽ׻ֹۡ
ѰԴӼ빬
ʮˣÿ񶼻ᱻԭⲻ˻ء
Ψ꣬ѰǷ˵õĹϵ͡
ʱѰҥƱزŹ
Թңʲô˵Ĳ˵ȫһ⵹ί𣬡ֻ뵽Ȼö۸粻ƽˡ
ģɵĻ˶䲻
½ۻδһ˵ûҵé·ԭ·ʵˣ
Ŀһϣͷ½ƽվڲԶ
ӭŷڣȵøҲԽԵò԰ףһʱܵȥС
ɷһ˵ľ¡
½ƽЦʱᣬ㣬˫۾ͻ㲻뵽ߣһе䣬Ϣ
๫ǹɵӭôˣ
½ƽԲ԰׵Ĵ˹۵׿Ц⣬ǲ·òŻȥ
ǵͷۿ΢죬ŹϵҽʹҾŸܲܰ˸ȥΪ๫Ѱ˵ת
½ƽտڵͣͣ
ǰڳһὫ䲻ӣϴδ๫ܲʣʱաﺦ¡
½ƽЦһ²¹ţ浽죬ֻźɥǾˣʲô
Ǽס̧ȥ½ƽ۵ʱ򣬶ԷѾתֻ϶Ŀ
ʮ꣬ԭ½ۻҪֻΪʹĥԵʱ΢һԵЩͣݹ᾵ı˿ֻҪһķ磬ܵȥ˯
ǿ½ƽԽԽԶıӰǰϵί͵ȫ

½۰ź徲ķ䣬˻裬ѴӹȥЪЪ
ҵ˵ʱ½ƽ۱ʾԼлظǰ½ۣСռˡ

ΡĲƷ棬м󰢽ûԹ֪ôŪ
ηڽϰˣⶫİܿȥڼһϡ
ĺӣȫǶŮĲƷ
ηԼ磬Ϊʲôʹ
ΡӦ磬ԭбģˣϲ𣿡
ϲöвϲģ
ǽ˿ѺͷǶĹƷѩͻҲ١
ͣЩĵοɱȽ߶ˡ
ûӴô߶˵ĲƷֻС˵ȫǶõģ;ο๫¶ò
Ρط˼ۣٻʱſô˵Ƿġ
ΡͷԼСϱԺ빫λص
๫ֻ˻ΣЦʣʲôأ
Ρشһ⣬͵񲻶ԣ߶·ˣ޷ī¡
ô๫Ƿã
ô˵
ѹֻҪʹ㡣Եú˷ܡ
ΡĪ벻ȥĹݣ
ҶѾˣôȥ˵ǼҲûѽ
ֻҪȥ⡣Ρ˵ţȥСһȽ̣ұȥ
һתܿ뵽ʲôѲɣʹ͵ģ
ΡЦĬϡ
ûиԪҲһ
ãԼȥȥĹݶΣԪѧҵɲܵ顣
ʱȥӼ࣬룬Ҳõ½ǵط
ˣ๫ǲԪصޣһӼͱ½嶢ϡ
ܣԼһ
ԪСӼҲûʲôá

л˵μҵ͵صشŶϱһؿгϢ
ڳ￴ŰſӰζû
ʲô𣿡
Ц
СϺö꣬һʼϽСáʱʮֱŤϰˣҲ;ûʲô
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ָָС˵ǲƷһˣǶ
ϵ˼ȻϣûãȻ˾䣬ʱ룬Ľɩ
ҿǣ̽żζ䲻ôһ䣬⣬ѹǸǻȥϣôͻȻ
ʵ๫æ鲻գҳȥ㶫Ϊ֣ˡ
лˣ
ûҡͷ꣬Ϊʲô˵Ҳžܡ
û㣬ǲͦõ˵û
̾˿˵СɩлǸһʲô˵ʲôʲô˵ˣ¶飬ĥʲôҲ֪Լòˡ
£ҪúĻɰʣ̸֮ܶʱŮ˷㡣
һҡͷҪ֪̽˼û׼˺
ϵֱþͿİɣҼɲôûӵˣֱ𣿷һˣҸ˵ˡ
ϺȻʪۿɩãûпң
ܹȰлǸˣΪСӣǰЩûΪͣн죬ռһĹ͡ӣֻĶô㣿˼룬һ࣬ûе¶¶ˡ
Ҳһ²ȥ붫һԱλԼСϺüıɩ־Ļ䡣
ɩòʻڣ˸̶Ҳģ͸ʮСûʲô
Ӧ
ɻԼϡ
ϲվӣõԼͱɩһ沣ĸŮ
뵽ûס

200ҾôһȢ2

Ǻһ壬֪˶ٹŰϵȰͣ
лҪ˽Ժƣϱ۴μҳæզˡ
ЦЦ˵û¶ǰűɩѬ
лû롣
ϱһֱǼҵͻݵ䷶ķٳּȻ϶ϱӪ۶ʵΪ˴Ҳص
϶ϱ׬ǮȽл軹Ǹϲϴϱֶغ̤ʵϱǰҪиɶ¶ֱӽϣ⵱ŵĴõİ첻ס
лӡУТţϴл֮ĹϵҲôûСں
ڣлѹҲᳯӵĹϵǷȥ롣

㣬ԺηȥڰлøлΡлϱͼСȫй߳˵ͷһôҳʡ
ϣлϱϵĲԾֻô˵棬ûô˵
ڻȥʰ̯λҪõĶקˡ
ԼңŹ๫ʹӶڣлϱſʣɩզˣ˭۸ˣ
ҡͷ˵ûУˡ
лϱţˣùţסң
ϲ˵
ٲʹ죬ҲԼ๫֮˽¶˵ֻЦ
лϱתתӣҼ⼸սûЦǲǳˣ
Ϲ˵ϵҸɶʱ򳳹
лϱʹ˵ԵĺģϲڣܿЪ˼ã㲻˵һأȥˡ
СԺȶԺлû£ȥתƣѾѰһضβ̯λڲϣ׼ɻϱУϺ⡣
˵մ˴лĹ⣬ƾŴĿǰĹٽף΢ٺ»ȫˡ
лϱһûͻĻŵӣɲȫ˰󲮼ҹϣų϶ٲ¶ٵӣǰЩûٴߴлγȥת
Ͼ֮ǰž˵ˣôЩ꣬ǶϳǮ٣󲮳Ϣˣʱ򲹳ûУϾԺóӵıǮԼġ
ЩǮϼʱϺġ
ɲǱСĿ
ʮ꣬ǶҲûôǮ
лϱһ£Լ޵лô꣬ΨһһξŻͦͦ󷽣ͦˡ
̫Сھ̯ӣ˵
лϱһֻ׬ǮԼӡ
ϲͬһȫɷлϡ
ǰڼңϾԼܸͦɣĻֵģñ˭䡣
˾ǣȻ٣๫æɶĥĥʱ䣬ϴûһܰõġ
Խⷽ룬ԽԼûá

ϴ˵ɴϣΡ˵˰ϵĵǣҸ̽һлĿڷ硣
˵ü޹ʱˮۣҲǺûһ䣬ֻлûӣֳææģô꣬ÿĶȥлҪΪǾ̫ʧˡ
˵ţ̧ͷȥԼˣǲǶϲ۲ݣ
ΡЦĿ۲ݵô޵μҵģ
֮⣬ţ۲ݣ۲ġ
ἰ£̲סȣҡҵʱôһ˵
͵͵ЦԣҲôһȢ

񾽵޵ݣˣԼֱϣ뾡¶ȸȥ
˽ʵĺ󱳣°͸ͷǲµСϱͷĵǣ˵ǻ͸Եĵᣬʮ꣬ʮ꣬Ѿʮˣƶ꣬Ҷԣ㶼ǿ۲ݡ
⻰˵ģһ˻ɬ

ΡлһȥĺԺ
ԺӾŽ˾ûֱӲС
ΡȿĿڣ״̬ã£
лһЦѾ˵ԣٵĿУһʲô£
ΡһҾͿˣʱٲҪúһǷĻæ
лûֱӻشΡһɵ⣬ΪɩһĹݵ
ΡĬϡ
лʣɩָܰȫȫ㵱һһ̵ģ
Ρҡͷȫǣμ֮ǰԼ͵͵ѧ
͵ѧ
ԣȥѧ͵
лһѹ֡
ôˣ
ûʲôҾʡ
л۽ޣ뵽ϡ
ʡǱΡһѣؼԺнѧֻ֣ϱ׾ͷ̣
лûΡԣϼϻһֶǲסԽҪϾϿû¶
ϳȥ㶫Ϊ֣
лûеû˵䲻ǣȴ˲һ뷨
֪¶ù˭
ѧûḶ̌
ΡԴǼ˵ͷ뵽ʲôһĨ磺ѧֵʱܱģڴѧ͵ֻ꣬ϵü֣ҽдͬһ֣ÿдһξܱɲͬ״ĥ˺üĹ򣬲ǰָȫҲϵֶѣҪ˵ʫƪۣûѧᡣ
л𾪡
һưͣΪѧ֣һյؼȥ͵ֻĬǣдͷֻѧἸ֣ȻСԾС
Զ˵ϣԼв

Ρһϯлඥûؼңûһ˴鷿ϵÿվȥ̡
ǰЩΪʶ¶˸๫ọ́ûҷģî˾ѧܻǱ׾лȴ֮ǰϼǻһ鲻ٽһ飬鲻顣

ƸԺ󣬻ڶ¡
Ӻܸϣ巻ǱѾηļ¸ãԼϵҲˡ
ǽƸֶֹأȫװţһѲ£ָһ䡣
лϱֱ࣬ԹԣôƸҪ£Ȣʮϱˡ
װεһץһѽΣۻҡ
е㷸Ρ˼ôƸǼױôȥźã
ΡЩƸ￴ŷٸðЩѹͲˡ
ηǸ߼ޣӿɲԼҹŮΪżֱӴһӣŮƸһҪȫױȥ

201ûûεӣ3

ԪʮһǰĶ£ǴΡȥسǲμӿԻ⡣
ʱԪճգǸ໴ޡ
ԺֻΡԼ׵ΪѲ
ﲻû˵Щֻܵ˵˵ĹﻹǴӣһ뵽޲¾û˵˭ĵͱǲࣿ
ö֮ҶĬԪΡӡ
һֱԪġѲ̫Щܻ䡣
ǽ׵̽ɣ˸װֵĵܵܣɢ
ӽʱԪȻҪ졣
ѵ£Ρ˼ͬţָȥ
ˡԪʽĸʱڻһ¡
֮ǰʱȫýģһζû
ΡҲĸ˼
ˡɵһۿΡͼ
뵽ҪʽμҳɵûеĽүĻŻš
׼˲٣ȴƽʱС
죬Ҳйоأž͸Ӻϵ˸񣬡ĸȡ
ϸδŮֻģͨɲǰʱϲý˵㲡ˣӹǺõû
ˡɵͷлĸ˹ģСѾȫˡ
ʱٲȻǾһӣģоֹ覴á
⣬
ˡֱΡԱߡ
Ԫ࣬С˵һҲԼ
ˡꡱһ˸ƣ¹үĸǶͷһ⣬ӣ»شȥԸճĻз
Ԫһ¿ˮԡ
ˡΡԷûʲôֻӦ£ɣֻҪ˽أôԣôԡ

ΡͬдŮкȥԺˣûͬϯ
ηҲڡ
˭Ц˵ϲСٿҲȡ
и˵ǶӣԺһλ˵ΪӹϷȥˣֻүһӣιøܼ޵լô徲˼ңĽ
֪˵ؾᣬصرܿˡⲻ̫õЦլ岻徲ΣҪ÷Ʒкá
ɩӵĶô˵ˣλֱܲ˼ﳪæ͵ͷӦǣǿаˡĺ
ηŲܱô֪һ㣬Լ꣬ˡǰˣƢʱ٣Ȼụ̂ҲΪǸˣеûûΡճ죬һͷܺԺغ㣬ǳ
Ҫ˱ˣηԷʲôӦ

Ԫηÿǰӣ䣬Ҳóȥ
գƮŶëѩ
׶ƻŵηһͱů͵ı
ηԺ߶ͣ˼ҵ¼ͷϾ˷ܵ˯žɵãûҲܳ˯׻벻ˣ
η۾ѽӭ׵˻ƻŵأˣ˯
˵ۻȥͷ˯
٣Ѿͷǰɣǻ۵ӣɸ֡
ηһƨڴ齱Ե˸Ƿ
ˡֲͷһʶϳɷޣηҲûɶʵġ
˷ܵ˯žζѹû
ͷ캮ضůͣ˯ϸʱ
ûηͷٴν˸קϽģл㼸ɩɩͷţ۳ŷʮĴóôź㣬Ҳûţ
ηʱѴ룬ͷô˵
û˵ԸװϹۣⶼɶʱ˻û¶һҪżͷ֪ˣùӳ𣿡
η׺ѣЬ߲ϴ߶Ҳᡣ
ƿŵʱ򣬹Ȼﴫлǵ˵Ц
ηе
˵ȥкûţúڷţҪȥҲõ米ϻΣ׵ĲһҲ̤ȥ򲻼û
ηػ˾䣬
ӳȥתױ̨ǰͭԼͻȻ˵ĻûԼ״̬ȫûһӡ
û취ˡ̫ˣ쵽ϾҪ޸
һжǺ˳Ȼ¶
ԺѾ˺ӳ쪶µѩһ¡
֪ηѾ𴲣л輸˸ž͹
С֪һ㶼ţԼǿˡ
лЦСѾͷǰҹ˷ܹͷҹһ˯˰ɣ
Уηͷ˯ˡ
ϾҪϻε˻˯ô̤ʵѾͷ󡣡
η˵ԣ˯̤ʵôţ˷ܣүҲҹû̧ǼȥŴԺĻɸˣһǱߣ֪жʽأҵȻǰú˯һʱָŲס
ЦȻϸ룬˵Ҳûˣ׼׼ɣǱһˮԡõġ
ηŶһǴϻΣͷһ⣬ɶȫǵˡ
ӰˮҨľͰ⻰ߣҲ֪Ǹ˭ѧģԽԽûûƤˡ
Ц
Ҳ䴽ǣСڽôãˡܸ˭ѧ
ηûٷϻȥݽԡͰ
ԡ֮Ըʸͷ
Ѽϡ
ϺõĺϣʽҲﵥƵġ
ηαͲټϷãһʱŲۡ
˶ԼηЩڣȹǰ˼񣬡ǲǲÿ
ļ£вÿģֻ˱ȼºÿϼ¾͸ÿˡ
ηüЦСɩɩ𡣡
ü£ʼͷüױ
ͷ¶л裬üױ䵽ͷϡ
ױѻΪ˽죬صȥͷ̹֬
ѧЩѧױ־Ϳ죬Сӻûʲôʱ䣬ӭ׶ʱӸ˸ͷ

202Ѫɹ٣1

ǸӦҵĻգԭƮƮѩͣѩ㣬ǵΨһϲ֡
ɹˡлϱԺΪѡ
żʱ쵽ˣлЦǰ˸Ž
ӺϵѾݡ
ˡһɫϲۣոµѥӲŸڵϵѩһǰߣ⣬صضȥŵ׵ѩ顣
ϸӣ׼˵ӡ
ˡȥֱ֮ӹڵϣĸͷƽʱǻһؼʱ̷׾࣬˰죬ҲͱĸģԼһúôι֮Ļ
֪ԼҹŮӣٲҪˡ䣬˵żеСƢһʶ
ˡϺǺЦе
СǰǶСССƢĻǵ췭ظ
ںڻü
ûˡ꣬л˵ʱѵҪˡ
ˡæվ
ΡѾη뷿ǰ
ӸŸͷϲýһһ߳
üļ£ճ͹µΣĲʹñ°˶ԽԵá
ηںĹѧ̬һ̡
ſΡ˲ηȻһ£С磬һû𡣡
Ρ׾ͽȥˣҲ㣬ֱϻΡ
η뵽ϵİԼӱﾾȻ߶һѣʵﲻȥ𴲣ֻûô߶ˣԶ߶䣬Ҳĵ
ʮĸԶŮһֱӣϲ顣
ηԡʱһԡͰˮһ˵˵ĹʱΣ̲ס͵Ц
ΡŲûͣЦʲô
ηʵʵʱ룬ﻹͦɰġ
ΡṴδϡ
֮û˵
ηͷϸĸͷ۾һƬ죬Σֻ֪ԺСû·͵⡣
ʱηе㱡
ţϲýǣ뻨Ρ
ʵʵڵ˲η˵㵱ӵĸо
˿̣ˡںΡ
ǻ۾ͲˣǼҴСΣֶŵΣΣиı䡣
ΡȻŵùˡƷͲܷСȥǼҡ
·СЩ
Ρֻ֡
֪ƽӳƣˡҲûָܴʲôģٴε֮ظ
һ
α̧ʱηƬ̵ѣо׶լԽԽԶϵ˫ֲ໥ս
ӽǵطٲңˡ
ηƲĿֻܿԼ¶ȹڵĺɫЬ뵽ȥʮ͵ദ֣ɺͷؿڶµܡ
ֱ߽ŵηžѾ˽
ܿȥ˼Žŷݺһ¡
Ȼһ󵹳ԼˡֹѾͷ湻ݵģҾôһߣôأ˭˭أ
ͷηۡ
Ӧƿ˵ǣǣסһͷϲý½Ρ
裬ٲ̵ƽ״һ·ϲá
μͷ壬ұӯţ迴ηҲܴһ·˲١
ˡĵ󽫾⸴ͷϡ
һء

ǣźתأһݡ
ݸá
תŸ֮ϣϹ
޶԰ݡ
붴
ڿǵһƬкУηԺر·
ͷδ⣬η̧ȥָ俴˽ߵˡŴϲۡ
ǲȥƽĻ쵰磬ͷǲ
ҲͷһΣη˳ûͦÿ͵ĳ첻ͬˡɬ꣬ʲô档
Ѿʮͷ
Сڸѣûܹ࣬ڻ첻ߵͬʱڳһģ˿̿ӵٴŵ㴿ζ

֮ĳȡȺƺͽᷢηϲý¶ɵġ
׵ʱûֵֻԼͷϣǸоͲһѧ·ĺӣÿһҪǣŲŸǰ
ĽҸͷʽѾɣĸɢȥˡη䣬ҪȥƣѾͷӶǸŪʳ
ˡߺ·ﳹװ
Ů÷֦֮ǰźηǸ͸졣
ηûʣ̶
ηӣʲôԵģ
÷֦˵к࣬ūȥ̶һ
б𣿡η࣬Է
һ쵽ôУⲻģ
÷֦ЩΪѣģõүһԡ
ʲôƹأԸҲУηüȥŪ
÷֦涺ӴԽӵģ
ηƤһȥȥʹ컰ҪȥҾͰ㵱ɽӳˡ
֪˵Цǰ󱳵ӣʵڿ
÷֦ܿȥ˳˳˸Ľ
η⣬˶ˣߣӾͿԡ
ַҵȣˡηʵڳŲס÷֦ܲ˯
÷֦ԥηѾ˸ǷɫϲȵĻЬһѣֱѡ
÷֦
ź̿꣬Ѿϰʹү֮ദģʽҪ˱ĸϣһܽĶϱ

ˡʱûмԤߴڴͷӣϲи߸߹һţ¶Դͷӣ˯㡣
Ƶˡͷ
ԭĥ궼ݹˣǲҲݣԲ£˵
һŮ˯ûûΣˡ
žƾһƣֱӳӣ˽ѣ̽־ȥ
ηѣˡڰԼѣ͵סǰ⣬裬
ҹ˵ˡһ䣬ǻںմ˾ζ
ҪޣηûԲϷֻôԲ
ˡȥԡһѾϷþˣá
ˡƽʱû⵨ӣȷʵǺˣº飬Ӱһ˿ҡ
η˼Ҳãʡһֵڳʲô
۾׼ӭӳǰСɩɩ˵֡ʹ
ʵ֤ʹʹתʹûôġ
Ϻ˾ƵĻ쵰ȴ˿ûҪϧ˼
η׼̧ŽȥһѪˡ
ţɹһԱһ
ιȥˣ
η

203ϱһأ2

ˡǱѵġ
ԴΪʹֱӣǣŷֲԾ
Լû·
û·Ҳˣû㡣
û㣬ǹë̺ϵģֻһ̺
֪Լ˯ʱҶ˻źûġ
ˡܾǱ̺ǵеܣһֶԷ޵ҧгݣҪǳ޿κΣѹͲϡù˼
̨ϲ򱬳žһ죬ˡ˼
ͷЩƫͷһ
滹δѩ÷͸
Լﱻɢҵһء
ۣ¡¡㡭
ͿİβϣϲѾڵʵʵ
ûƿҲͷ˯
һŭͷðˡվԼ¿ϣ絽βǰ˯񾲵Ůˣǹ˹ġ
Сã̫ˣ
㲻Բңôýү˯ذ壿
һǹ⿴⣬˭֪ûгԹ⣡
Ůǡ
Խ룬ˡ̫ѨԽͻͻ
ηſƤһ˫ŭ۾ͫΪ˾ûϢãȾѪ˿
֪˴ǰҹˣûֱŲŲλøԼŶӲ˯
ιˡѰβƷװ˯ŲҲǹӵȥ
ηŶÿ˯ȥˡ
ڴͷϴŸһɫ£˳ϲǰ
˹һϵж̧۾ĵؿˡүװ˯װɵ
ˡʲô˼˵
ηǰԲգ㣬䣬ȥӼѧģǲΪѪ
ˡ㣬һֱ˵ģη棬͸ܳˣҳûõģ»鶴ҹǺ죬ƾʲôҰǹ´
ηͦһʦӣ־úЦ治ǵ÷ʲôˣ
ϻǶҪǵãóѣ
ʮˣûŮˣСûǰ˺üм
Ůô¶
Լʮ꣬ȻںƵ±˰ǹ/
̣
ȷҪ˵ʲôηգգۣϾ
Ҫ˵Ƕȥҹ˯ڵذϳζ
ηһóһӣմȾһѪѾɺԡ
֪ʲô𣿡η
㲻˵ô֪
Ԫû
ˡüȻⷽǸ׳ա
ηѹͷֱ˵/Ѫ˰ɣ
ˡŭ㾹ȻҺҵġԣʧ/ˣ
ηò΢Цҵν͵ҧһڣֻû뵽ǹҧѪȻֱιȥˡ
ˡ
κ󣬱֣ܣ
ͷһζ˳
ηüǲţҿ԰ϸһһʮѪȥһΡ
죬ұ죡ˡס䣬ɫÿҪγѪ
Ѫ
ȻڶҹΡ/Ѫ
ˡ޷ʵ
ηЩûסЦ
û뵽Ѫ벻ýү˶ʮûŮˣȻǸ
ɾǸɾˣⷽɵƵġ
ǰô˹Сɩɩ㲦ûϵ޵˻һϲͨЩŶ롣
ò׻УûѪΡ

ηЩȥɵץģĬĬȥ굽󱳶˯
ڰ˺һ
ηǲιȥʱ򣬸оԱ߱ӱһֻƿԵİݡ
ˡѾµ󱳣ϱҲţһΡ
ѵΪÿζѪ
֪ηһιȥֵð
֮ǰΪƶҿ϶úüš
Ҫۡ


ˡҧгݣСãŲŸǶ
ηﲻסĺЦΪ֮ǰأ粻Σϲµʱˣү㻹ǡ
û˵꣬ˡסݺȥסڵĻ
ɵŮҲͷһ⣬ȫûмɿԣСƵĺҿС
ηŪֱ
òˣˡһѳϵ¡
ηŭջ˵ģ
ˡܵ˳شӶֻôСöԶҹĺڰӡĻ˵᣿

ϲȼβҡʱͣ
ηĹͷɢܣ۽ǻۡ
һҹ֮ӹŮˣﵽɬʣµҲ顣
ˡͷ׵Ĵѵõᣬϱԣ£ҾͲˣòã
ηѹûشֻƿú˯һ
һ뵽ȥž裬ֲ˯ȥسƤ
ˡӦ
ηҧźŭˡǶɵ𣿵Ҽ๫»֮ҹγкô
㲻˵ˡƲƲ죬ɿƺЩδ򴽽ǣһš
û̧֣ηһӺȥ
˵ɵɵ»ҹ˻ɶ
˵ˣ治ˣ֮һĲݣ
ηһ޿ضʶˡȻֱס§ϱԺǾˣ԰ɣ
η
ˡ㻹ң治ˡ
ηܲҪ
ˡΪҹ¶ǰ

ηȥ𳳳лîʱȥž衣
㲻ӦңҾͳ
Сһͷˡš
ûû㻹ηһ˦
ˡۼֿ죬ֱǯס󣬳ϰһڣ㲻˵Ƕ͵Ĭˡ
꣬ӵƿ´¡
η쵰룬룡

204㣬˭Ҫˣ3

îʱηǰȥž裬˳Լʱͷͳȥ
³ǰ÷֦˺һۣûܸס㲡
ηԵ޾ɡ
˷η¿Ьӣǻ뷨ںĹѧϰĶȻôºÿɾο
޶ϱ䣬Ƥһ񲻺õӣвµ˼ֻ֣ڽڳ˵ֻ÷֦үأô
÷֦طˣүһͳȥˡ
⸴ɫ»ڶգúôڸϣܳȥʲô
÷֦ҡͷū澲֪
⸴ɫãԸܼҰȥˡһ
ηͷ̡
ɵѼңĻȻжԶԶ
˿һԵĴ󽫾ϱѾ˲裬үµĻȥæ
⸴ɵģԼҷлҪϱ˵˼׻뿪
˽ĿŲηϣڴߣεؿ˿ȡ
һ÷֦ѾԪʱ˼䡣
÷֦˵үĶһֱЪ
ʱŲܹԼҶӴδ磬ôơ
ۼη״ֱ̬ɵˡ
ɶһϾͰڳ
Ҳ˵ռ޹ͷȼ飬һó㲹Ʒȼ룬˶þܵˡ
ηŵĻ֮ߵɫͨ죬ִʲôֻӦ¡
˼ڣתƻ⣬ͷϸƽĻҲÿͦϲ
ηϲͺá
Ųסֱӵȥûǿˣ̫̫Ǳ߹ŻûҪĻȥҲû¶ô磬˰ɣٻȥЪЪ
ηףʹԼͷԵ״̬￴һУֻЩ˵ֻ䡣
ŵ»ͷ΢ůˡŪһҲת

ηطԺ÷֦緹°ٰ࣬ŷҵĲ꣬׼˯һͳŵˡͻȻһƨԱߣ°֧ϣѹԲߡ
η÷֦ȥʣײİ壬˭ˣ
ˡһƾʲôǶѪһΣ
ηô죬ȥǼǶβѪˣ
ˡûֱӳϣηģϱǿ϶һΣֻ£Ҷû˵±Ц˵ĶԲԣ
˾ͺá
Ҳˣ¶ˡĴСӶԼòҵ·ͨؽڣ/Ѫֱιȥĳһͺ޲ܵȥǸѪ˵
㻹ɶηԼֳ
ҪǼ£һӶò
ˡίͰ͵ֻҪ˰̡
ηϲѾӦˣ
Ҿãһţϸڶǵ
ò࣬һѣˡη˵
ˡ˫ֱסԴҡҡȫһɶ
ηԴҡκģʵ޿̣һĿ֣üͷģǰɣ
ˡءһԴ䵽ǰ˫ֻסϱܣҡ
ηѾӣ˯ȥ
ˡΪɵóף̫
η⣬Ϊˣιȥ϶ܵڵ֪Ժɡӡ̬ŤĿ֤ˡϾɱŰѾܲˡ
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ˡɿ˴ᱧβϣƿӺ˺¡
ηƽ϶һֻ֡
ˡţԴѣ˯Ϣ̫ȡ
ηԭͦôһӰ죬˯ɢȥ롣
ƫͷˡĲա
С׵ðϸ壬¸ôҲƲ覴
η񣬴䡣

»ڶգηֻ峿ȥž˲裬ݺһֱˡڴϣûȥ̫̫Ǳߡ
ˡҹû˯ãڹȣһ˯ֱӵڡ
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ηֱۣҪĻð죿㲻ǻûͨСѾ׼
һἰЩСѾͷˡ뵽ǶǴӣһ뵽ӣӰֳˣԭίͰ͵ʱúڳīȭͷġ
ηһ򲻶Ծ֪Ǵ̼æأ޲Źͷһ죬檣ôҲٵȸһꡣ
ˡϵĺڳȥͻȻӺ汧סϣ૵ҪͨҲҪң㣬˭Ҫˡ
ηԶúúãģң˭ÿ㣬˰ɣ
š
ȫ㡣
η§Լϵ֣ܲˣɿأ
áˡջһԵС£
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205״1

˳ҹӰˡܻܿţΡ
һϲ˵ĳЩ棬Ƚϡ
ˡñȣ֪Լλ֮Ĳеͷ
ηȰֲ֪¶ʲô
Ҳȥˡڴϲ
ͺñһʵͽͻȻ͵˶Ϊ飬о˿Լ񿴸
ηҲΣãúЪŰɣԸȥ
ηź÷֦Сˡүһ˻ţᱻΪżҲܴġ
ˡ꣬ɫ΢΢䣬ͦӰβҳһѻˣųȥ׷η
ʱηհѻװ׼ȥˡ׷ϸϸüһôţͨˣ
ˡûá
ηԭͲϣܸȥ˶ˣҲûŸƽϱģԱߡ
ˡϱҽҪǲȥǲǻܣ
ܵڣ⼸ۣû¶ϰ߾ͺˡ
ˡô˵
˵ηˣƢֵòĻֵúƵĺ㣬޲ܰԸʹˣ㵹ãԼû뵽ҡ
Ҳԣϱţ㻰𣿡
ˡס֣ϴ̬ʮֳϿҡ

ΡˡЩԾ¿ˮ̵Ļ첻ߺûˣμҾ͹ţĿʱηһû˾ˡ
Էʱ¾ΡԱߣҲԵйоأӺϵ˵ʲôܴŲķ
Ρ֣ſηˡôˣ
ηȻ׸ǰ»֮ҹΣֻЦŴۣɶ¶׵ˣе仯׺ı仯ҲСҵȫأ
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ΡûٸףǿˡġԾһȲ裬ҲֻЩ򵥵Ļ⡣
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ˡҲ⣬ˣĿƶηϱҺܰ
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ͷû֪飬ˡЩ˻ЦϱҹӰƲ
һ˵ˡʱӶˡ
˺üڸЦģ˫ηСչȥһڣϱá
η
˵Ͳˣ

꣬Ѿ˸£׶̡
СһճǻĹɿɰֱ˸ˣԲʹ
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Щʱڸ鷿İ·ֶӡ
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Сһ⸱ûûεӣƨɡ
ѣְСһŻرϴһ裬һˮͿɾڣ˫˫Ųãˮһ

ҹƽڣΡ磬ʱͽĸ۵С۵Ļ棬ûԥ̧߽ȥʣôˣ
ǰ׼СһﻻţСһﲻãǱǱͷӥ׽СòֺֿСЦ
ΡֱӰ̸Լһ߽˺üòᡣ
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񣺡
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ΡŶӺˡںͷ
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Ρʾ£ջǰѻƸ˶ӡ
ӹŻҡϧеأ־Сҡû첲ᣬֱӽһԵĳ

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˵˻³ĴʻҲ򵥡
ŽߵˣٳСһ۾һ˽ӹߺߣеģ´Ҷһӡ
Ρ

206±֪๫2

ĹڶʮĶ³ΪԼѻʵҪĸ˷ٷ硣
ѾС̵µһòﲢûֱ̫
ҲϺʱ򣬵żԣڼӪƷûϹ
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СһѵõĹɣϴڼ磬ûڡ
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Ÿ´СһѾѧ˶վ
·ʱ̧Ⱦ̧ȣ첲첲
ͷȣȫȻûСһצвסץһͷʱѾʶͷóԣۡ¡
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Сһܣһţͣצȥ
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Сһְߵݹ
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ִĹݡ
ΡƳСϱЩţסģֻǽȥѧϰ˳ύѶѣ̫ġ
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ΪСΪ˵ûѣŸҪȥӴˣѧĶ
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Ĺ涼Ůѧô￴ԼһС
뵽ӼᶨԼ뷨֮ǰСӴ̽˵һֻҪȥްݻУܶﶼԼȥģûüͬҲС
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Ρȣٴ¶ǳЦˣ
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ǵЦȻǳȴĵá
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207ĸ3

Ŀ˺ĹݴţΡת׼ԶһѾߴĹСδˣ롣
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ӰСһﱧطŵϣԼ˸ˣصȥлμҵ̯λʷ㣬ٺóԵģһžͷԼͷֵĻݲݣȫ˸ˡ
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208㣨1

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Ρȥôࡰֻ֪ԼۿųСѾͷճޣûòʹ졣
ÿۣͺӶڣ㡣
ĸСҲ̸ò࣬Ρɣǡ
óΪյһ̸ŮġİС˲١
ΡҪǣûš
ΡŽע⣬ǰСһǿĽ
СһǰԺﵱһǿүүĻȫٵ˲¥˺һ׵˯˹ȥ

209Ǽҳ2

ޣݻŮѧȥ￴˿
ѡλʱûмǰȵѡˣʣµľԼġ
һλĹѡǰλá
ǰݻʱԱ֣¡
¼ûԱߵλҲռԾѧ˵λѾˡ
֮񣬳Է֡
߹ȥ
üﲻѡ
ЦĶһ
ЦȻĶһǲԱ߰ɣǰλúá
˵ţָָòռĿ
һۣЩԥ
ôţλ϶ֽź㣿
ҡͷ˵ûС
ĥߴվһקסĸ첲ϴ
λŻڣüͷ
ˣлҪ㡣
ֳϣֹͻȻˣʮְԵƣЩЦЦղŰݻʱ˵㼸ꣿ
һ⣬лǶ˵̫ģѲɸյĹݾͱֱӸˣ
ʮ壬ռǡĵͬϺ侲
Ŷ𣿡ϳβļҸϵС㣬ôû˵ǻµĴ˼ң
ǹٽ״Ĵ˼ңòĹݵġ
û£๫õ˵ǵֻǼݼҡ
û˵꣬½˻磬ݼûйŮţմģ
ͷ
գĬ˺һ
ҷʡǲĸط¶¿ƣԷ뵱ڲԼ
ûƬ̣ºȻ̧ͷˣҲǡ
񣺡
ͷʱ˼ڱ˼ҿŹϵ

ʱ֡
ӺĹݳһۿڲԶΡվԣϹӼͬںǼ˵
忡ͦεӰϦʶĽ߶ӰλãԼܿ˵ʱ⶯ٶȡ
˸ǰ໰
֮ʣºȻǰ˳ۣ߳һָġŶһȫ֪ˡı飬üϸߣĿ񣬡ˣ
һȣûȽͣºȻս˵˵ģòҡ
ڰڵĻнŵҪ
Ͼ˿£±һۿ
򣬺µڳܡ
¼̲סЦѻ˵꣬òǳɣ
ĭɿ
˵Ȼǳӣʲô
Сͷ·û
һ̧ͷһ˳ȥԷǸθߴӣüĿòãΡų죬Է϶һӢ֮
֪ǲǴܾӿʱ͸ʲ͡
ԱߵĹ
¶㿪ߣͦͦظʲôֵģǼҳӣǼҵľͲУ
񣺡û˵С
ƺպһ£ȹǰСܼһ仰㣡
Ŀ´Ҵææ΢䡣
ڿʲôߴ»Ϥɤ
ع񣬼ѧѾߵòˣֻʣԼԭû
ҡҡͷûʲô
ֳΡƣûǰǼˣЩˣ
Ρףͬ䡣
СҪͷܿ˵
뵽ǰӵǲǳͻȻе飬ܿߣͷǰߣ
Ρ̡
ŤŲ˵ʣˣ
ԺܱܲңҡҲСӣѧ
ΡЦ˳⣬ֻͷһ죬㲻Ӧѣ㲻ϲĻҲ
˵ֻæµ˼ŵһգڼϢͦõģֲͣҲ¶
ΡŲµСѾͷھʲôûټŪͷһѧоΣ
תƻ⣬ԭŵָɣΪĹݵĹݹ濨Ƕ˴ƽȣѧûԭôദ
ǾͺáΡúѧпܣཻѣû
ͷ˵֪ˡ
ѵദģʽԽԽҳڽӡ
һ뵽µĻСƮһΡ

θͣס
һſԺӣطԼʱú޵Ǽ仨񱻼ˣֻʣļƬڻ֦ϡ
ԺѾʰҲ֮ǰһƬѾ
תͷˡ
˽ûܸɳΡ赭д
üЩݿǹһһ꿴ģÿ첻ˮˡ
๫ҸһǸһԲϾͲҵСӡ
˭˼Ҷ˶٣˵Ѿ˺ü裬ڸڹĸңԹȥǱŪ
񣺡

ǰͲĶӣһ粻ѹĻݸ꣬͸ˣ̲ס¡
С̣С̸һŮˡ
ĸԣһڱϱŽѾӣһڵϱ֣໥
գǵȥ̶
СһƨԱŲŲ
ҧҶû㣬㻹
Сһٺߣǲ
ӲĲУֻģ˵㲻ôһ㻳Ŀʱ򻹲Ѳأ
֪Ů˰Լ˵һѣǿϴˣСƨŲȥʱһ¡
ŻСһŶôĲѧѧ˼ǳ˭̵ģ
Ԫ㣬顣
ԪûȥڽǼ֣
Ԫͷ˵ȥˣջ
Ծôˣ
ԪҿŽһûע˯ˣԼ´үүĻȫꡣ
ȽϹĹ̬ȣүүզ˵
Ԫʵүү˵һǸˣרúÿǼ仨ժ˵ժúá
ˣ
ͷﱻŶҪһ£һĶӣ
Բ𡣡£Ԫ
Ȼү̵û˭һ䣬ǾȫζԼͷϡ
Թ㣬ǽƤ˵ˣҾתѵʱ䣬ܹƨ鷿ȥҵƬ㻹Ǹӣܿס
ҪöԲסͶүүȥڽЩʧҲ
ԪƺЩ֣صͷá
Сһ˵Ҳѧ࣬ݸ˵ţ

210ռү3

ΡҪãҪȥĹݣǴæˣŵ𴲸緹
ʱ򣬽ں˯
Сһﰲڵ˵ȣСס
緹ΡȥԺȥĹݡ
û๫ͣõı˷֣Եúɡ
³ʱǡɼ´Ӷ
ӱһǣԼİܿ죬ֱڵס
ҲƳЩԾģɰգתͷӶͷ˵㲻
˵ÿս͵ģ
ɫ÷죬Υĵһʱ𣬽Ҫˡ
䣬ȷ˵Ļһʱ𣿡
ţ棬㵽״𲻴Ӧ
ڱӣ״ͷ۵ǣãúϿΣ㡣
һ˳ѣ㣬˵ؼܿ쳯Ŷȥ
ò΢Цһ¡
³˳ʣԼģ
г͡
λأ
ǿƺΡһƵġ
ǸǿʤĹ
ʧЦһҹѾѧ˵侲ӦǶҪæһµͣܵøѾˣĸÿ춼鷳ͣ
꣬ﰵţ˶๫СδˡôҲûﲻףֻǽѡ
²̫ţֶ˺üۣڼ䳵Ҳ紵
ȷͷûˣЩգ֪ͲǸˡ
ʱ쵽ˣǽȥɣ
»عĵءšһһŽȥ
֮ǰסüϾͶݼ˱ĺĹݣ
񲻴ʣʲô𣿡
²źۼҧҧǣҡͷûʲôʡ
ʱ磬߽á
¶ıӰ˿ûҲ̧ϡ
ÿΣһѧģһѧ٣һõ裬һò廨
ûӴѧе
½Ӵһ㣬ࡣ
ΪԼѾ㱿ˣû뵽ȻиԼģʱĴȥָѧ۾һԵСʣݼҵʱǲǴŪЩ
εЦЦС³󣬳ǰִܺﳸ⣬ǿӾ㲻ˣĻѧЩŵĶ
ȥ˾๫;Ÿ𲽣ٽ̫ͣǼĹݵòûˣϱģÿչ˽Тţѧȥ
¿ӦѾµ𰸣ͻȻе棬㵽ļҸϵͣ
񲻼ʻҲ棬ΪʲôǼҳÿ춼ʱĹݣҿȥƺͦᡣ
£ûģ
ЦЦиСҪ֪ҵ¶ԼĽ
ŶСһƻŮˣйУҲ㣬ҲңǸôţôš
Цü䣬ָָϵĲߣʾ衣

ѧΡûӣĵ
һͷҲû֣ȷûŻعͷƳȹȥȻԸ̻ظ
Ϊβүӣ
µĹݲǲж𣿡
Цүֲȥ
Ҳɡ¼֣Ҫǳҵױ¶
ҡͷҪ˽ӵλ̣һŰ߿ҪӵҲλ̣СƢүߵġ

صңֽڴűߵϣСţ̽Դơ
ͻȻߣæŤһߣװû
񺰵׿
СһﲻΪ̧۾
ͷĶ̲סЦߵߣ˵㿴ңҿüѽ
ؿ𴦣ǲ
ûСڵ㻹ϣ˰
ཱུСָ￴׵æſС첲Ҫ
Ρõʱѧʱʵֻ࣬θ뺲ԺΡò˼·ܹ
֮ǰصҡ
СϱΡ۵ȾЦ⣬һʽѧ۲ۣ
á๫ǰϹˡ
˻Ρôýűߣ
Сһע⣬ȥ
Ρǰ˻ʶӴͲˡ
ôû˿ţ
ΡͣûԶֻ½磬ԪȥҼѳ
ģٿСһཱུĿɰʱΡ֮ǰһѶӱ
Сһﻹ֮󣬴ŵϤζתͷͰѡޡˣֱ䡣

˵Ѿʽ˺Ĺݣţ˳̽ĹݶѧЩʲô
ʵ˵ѧ¡١Ͳ廨
ĽѣѲѡ
ǰûӴʲôôӻѧͦѵġ
ϸпֵطûȥˣ͵űɩѧɳ¶һ֡
񾽵ұҪѧãôҲꡣ
û¶ϵ˴ţֻܰѧѧɣǾ黭ͨĹٷˣʱúָָǡ
£ֵ๫˵ĹģҹѧĶ涼н̣ԼʦĻ͵üλʦ۲һɱ̫ˣһ˼ѹס
ͷĹǹѧùټٺԹټҷѧǽޣҲ˼˼ѣͦģȥҲûϵлŬСŮлƷõˡ
ϱ˵ô׼һǹŮһǸӣһò
ǼѾӣȷʵһֱθŮȴֵǸӶٳٲҪ

ϷεʱͻȻɫѿ
ôˣҲ˵ڼʲô
һ򲻶Ծк³ã׼ȥҽҩҽٸ
ߵ̨ߵʱͻȻܲ˵
æָʲôûʡ
һˮŪˮڣͷ񻹵⣬˳ǣû¶ǳԻ˶Ƣθˡ
Ҫȥҽҩ
æòãЪͺá
û£ǹˣи룬ֻ˵
¶𣿡ת˸ȦֱѧͱˣϽȥɣһ˿γ̡
˵ʲôͱ˼ߴٵٲߣòˡ
ΣԼҸضϢһ£Ȼȥˡ

211ˣ1

ٻʱɫǰ˺ܶࡣ
ͶȥһĨοЦݡ
³˳ǣܿ콫ŲذϵС¯
հѻ̿ϣͷζʱ̲סŻ
һż̿Сǯӣһ﷭ӿؿڣ뾡ǹɶĸѹȥ
Ѿź̿¯Ǹϣ߿еԾʣҪҪ
ϼЦҡͷû¶
ʵܵĻٰɣǿţҪ
ߣ˭ҪˣҺأһ¶ûС
˵ţؿڵֻ֣Լˡ
ûƳʲôǲöԷˡ

ӻظ¶кֱӾϹ̵¡
Ѿߵǵ̳Դ˳θūȥ򡣡
ֹȵȵȡ
ʱѾµ÷ǻüͷ΢Ѿ˳ȥ£ıʣô£
¶˹ϵĲˮ˿ڣ̧ͷʱֺõЦҪ˵ˣүܲͬҼȥĹݣ
๵ǻУǾ̸
๫³䣬ҲŸĹûá
տڵС滳ˣ
ûϣҿԴСֹ²ǺķӦ𣿡
һδʮƻŮϣҲ
Ĺݣѱһޡ
ʮ꣬ռǡ
ҭҭ˻ּܲܰ;ϰɣ
úôڸ̥ĹǱߣһᴦ
Ȼκ̤Ĺһϣ
ǰվĸߴˡ
棬үһãߣҲռСĳ
̫ү̫̫֮󣬼˼ҡ
̫үʱĸﱾͲܴΪӣּҸǼûʲô¶õĹصģȫճߡ
ճǼֵܶүãүΪַּҴֵĳӣʱѡֻ۱ֻۣû̫̫Ը֡
ֵͷϣѾʣʲôûٵÿļǻһǿס˵Ժӣ״ռҴլֳ
ǰٳϣһժ״Ԫլۡ״Ԫ
Ļĵĸѹ̫̫ʱһְģԭȢּ̻Ů
ŮĸƲǴģҹʰ·
ּҾŮŮˣֻܵŮ
¾ôͿ˻Ρ
ռ屲¶֪֮٣ΪǸͷӣ޵ЩĲ鲻Ը
һμ棬ڽҿͷһ̡
º죬ѩ̵أ˫īĿͻȻ֮ǿȥ

³̻֮ңɢˣǰͰǿʤżˣСƢ
ĹݣҪǰ;Լȡ
û뵽ǵطһԼˡ
ԼĵһֱĹݴӣ϶๫
ˣҲԱֻʮꡣ
֪Ϊʲô¾ǺŮһϸ£ѧٶȻ˵ġԡķٺױݣһȡ
뵽Խ뿪ĹݣվƵǰ§ס׳ʼ๫ұ֤Ӳ¶ȥòã
һӲ˺ȥ
ǲɣҲͬ⣡
˺ӣѾѧǰһĿγˣĹݣʲô¿ʼĻп׷ϣ
滹ǲɿڣ¼ĥӲݣòװŪҪǷǰװ˷ѣͷϿΣֲǸ˴ܣµġҪǲͬȥҾͲˣһˣĺӿ϶Ҳˣû׼ǰ뿪
û˵꣬ȵĴס졣
գգۣĿһ˲˲ؿ
洹ŻСŮˣȫû취òõ̥ȶһȥ㿴
˵̥ҪȶҲ¡
ָͷ㡣
°Լǵһء
ǳ๫̬ȣԼҪǲ̥ͬȶȥһȥĹݵĻᶼûˡ
ĬĬ̾˿Сֹ¾£һȥһˡ
֣˲ͷɶĲҡ
û˵ֻ١
һԴ˵
ô˵һˣȥĹݣЩۣ񶼲Ҫ˳棬ҲҪ
Ǹ٣ڰô
⸱ģʧЦڽʲô
нţ㲻׼ȥ̬ȼҪȥˣҡҾʰҡ

Ϊⳡ̸ʤա
Ĺݣûеһʱ񣬵˱ĲӸ
񲻽⣬ҵģ
ӹһ£ֲȫǿհ׵ġ
µҼ¶Ҫ泤ˣ£ڣðҰص㳭
ȿôã
Ųۣû񣬡û취Ҳ
Ҫܲôԣû׼˵๫¡
룬Ҳܣǳ๫ĵһãҲ޿ɺǡ
ʵ̣Ĺݡ
⻰ЩգǹţƾʲôҪǾᣬңҸˣӦӦ㡣
аɣ֮ڣһص㶼ժͰġ¶
Щ˵©죬񰵰ꡣ
³Ǹ鵹ˣڼ̡
üȤ㲻Ļʱѧ
Сһ壬˰Ҷ̽¶㵹ãҡ
Ц
ûٶžȥ˵¶Ҫ³١
Ĺݵ൱ѵãһ£ѧ˴ǲ˿ġ
ʮ˳
ҪߵʱǰһȦ˵͵Եġ
һ򣬰÷ӡ
ڣѹԲôĶ붼
¼һԱӣãЦ뿪

212ܴܲδʧ֣2

Ӧ˰¼¼εص㣬ƽʱ࣬ͨһ飬Լһ飬ȻܽõдСϡ
ҲΪˣÿһĹݴš
Ҳ⣬ѧߵòˣʰ̵߳
ֲѾϰ߷ߣڳԯϵš
ЦŴ˸к
ͷʾ⣬Ҫֲ˵֪ǲūӼиһֱڹ۲ˡ
۲ңϳĶһ٣߬СΪ¼¼Ĳӡ
ĿŹӼ෽ȥûˣҲԸоһ˫۾ڶԼ
ͷһ£Щϸ۵ļ϶һСֲûпԷʲô
ֲҡͷ̫ԶˣƲ
ɻ󣬡ֲôģ
ֲǰͷʱΣ׼ͷȥиվڶ棬ֳ
ֲԭȻڿˣûϣһü춼ˣÿηѧѧĹݴʱǸ궼֣ҲֻԶԶؿţû
¶̫죬ԼûֹʲôõԤУ»ǲֲʹ˿ۣ˵ġꡱֻԷĿ겻һԼ
ôţܿжһɵ
ѧһ죬ܵƬ̵ķɡ
ڳûˣ㽫˫Ҳڿϣ󱳿ŲڣϵŽĴӭԵʮ⡣
̵ʱ뵽ʲôֽһ϶ơ
Ӽ¥ԱߣƺиӰԽԽԶ
ȷԷǲֲ꣬û룬Ųߺ۾С˻
ʱѾպ÷
ȦϣСצŵͣ롣
Ƕڵ
Զһʱ뵽ӣݼȻСһһ۵ӣأ
ףõøһ¶¼
ܾãСһЦݴŵ˻¶Ժֺ˼
ϸϴֲɣȥݰŶ˷ˡ
ԥһ£ǰѰ췢¸
黭˿ҵûһ򵥵ɽʯͼ
ؼںþãյ๫ָ㣬˯ǰ꣬ţһ̫˴
֪ɶʱ鷿ҹûüıϴˮȫѻˡ
ţֻЦ
ܰŴѾ֣ûȥΪʲôýҪֻ֣ܹԼûʱڼҴӡ
û˵û¶һ극ٻһǣűȥ
֮󣬶Ų˻ݣΡѾ
񽫲˰ڷźã๫ôô
Ρе£ˡ
ŲԱߵĽϡ
Сһ׵ܣҲˣô𵶣һιļơ
ι˾Ķ䣬Сһ첻Ҿǲǣ
ʵû֣Сһȴŵòᣬ汻Сצְ
ΡĻ˼ִˣ
ϵָǷ˴ȥĹݣ˵򷭱ϴˡ
Ρ»ü
Ҳֻˡ
ͣһΡʵ˵Ĳ㿴ôƤû͹ܲסҵ̫ۣҪҲȥĹˣӣأ
û˵ŴãֻҲȷʵ˵
ͷŪС¶һģڶҲŵض
ΡȴͬòҪαװɸռǵСĹɡٹ꣬ǰ㶼ȥܶණҪѧó磬ĵԽ࣬Խû
ھǣѧʶͼžͺһͨ뺣ܽĸεȦӡҽԽԽߣΪĳЩ˳Цǲڶҵ๫û㾡ְ𡣡
˵ƿԡ
ãŵʹͷСڣˣ󲻻˵Ļ
̬ȳϿңΡҲͣ£赣ģҸŻ˻Ĳר˾

Ρ˵¶²⣬ʣǲǾҴý
Ρ˵ûе£ֻǲ̫͡
ֲֻÿٷ˳ӣɶ͵ģ㻨Ǯ˴ǮǳȥˣԼ˴ĺã
Ρǲģϴæﲻù˱ģֻտý
ôһתӾûУֹʵͣϴ⣬Ҫ˵ĻֵһԩǮ
ûо˼ǣΡȻջȥ
ֹֹ֪Ӿɵʲôʮͷţֻͬˡ

ѵΡͬһ壬Сڶڼҡ
зΡȥֵʹӡ
ǰòԤеɫЩԾ
ΡƳûӸ
˺һŰѿĶ
Ƿ챾ǴӵģֻǵǱߣûкʵѡƹĸǣܻˣǵʱȥѡ
󣬷ȥûźʵӣ˸ѾͷŲ
ƹҲһֱڸƼ˵ڴ˼źӵģֽϴС
䣬СѾͷشĵˮ©⣬ֱӰ
˭룬ѹͲź˵Ѿߣ˴ҤŪҤǮ׼Ρġ
ŸյθͷһҹѰŻΡҩ

һٳƺ
ЩСΡ׼ֻûϵô죬񣬡ܲܿĻ֮ˣ
̾ĻǸˡ
ǸˣĸȻˡ
ϴûųɱػ˸»
뺲־ʹլ/ɫ//ţͬһ֪Ρ;ѱ
ΡĬƬ̣˵ɣ
ɻˣ
ΡڣϷʵǻôʶһܴܲδʧ֡
óǷһĨЦȻ๫Ѿ뷨Ǿ

213͵ʴף3

Ρеʱ򣬺ԤǸСѾͷ
ҤһİװȥֻǸ崿ˬѾߡ
ܿƿĿ⣬ڶԸΡϣ˵ǰһαһθġ
ƹֻм̣˵ţȫվˡ
ܻǮ˵ģ˼ңһѡУǵҡ
ҲѾһͷϢпѹ͡
Ρָָһλӣ
ֱֳͣûɶ٣װȥǮˣ

Ρָָһλƫݵģأ
ǲ⣬Ƥݵģȥ򡣡
ɪɪ
ԷϷѲһأҪǰֱֳϣĬҲܴﵽ޷Ч
ϲӣѡѾߡΡһָŲ
̫󣬳³Բ·

ÿΡָ˸Ƥ׵ġ
ͬˣֱһȥָɻүɱˣϴ㴲ǸӣҴƤʬǻۼҺԺĿݾͷأҪǿھסһֻȥ
̶һӣɹԼ˶Ӻ
ƹ̲ס꣬Ȼ˲òࡣ
ǰ汻еǼλѾ߻ӣûһŵľսġ
Լҷ̫׺ΡүҲûޣֻԸѡ
ԼɣĸǱĸ
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뵽ٷ˻ѾߣĻеȥү룬Ǿ·
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218ǹʹ2

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ͷ׶̹ɸǼҳ㷹

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ڼ˰µ̥ʵеģ治ڣ˱ȥĹ
ѧһϳȣ۾ʱʱһ۴⡣
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ԷȻҲ
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2193

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Ťͷһ˫۾ϣ·ѹû˵ʲô
⣬ûټǰߣСһ
⧲뿪׵ĻСһЩӦߵڵҲû۰Ͱ͵سףеί
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СַԱߵǽǰһĲȣЩҡҡλεģԼԼŵûٸҼǰߣվŲģǵҪȥС
˳ִԱ߻ժ˸л˻Σ͸㻨
Сһƺϲ˷ǽ۾Ļײײ˹õʱûվȣһԱߵÿ죬һѶӸס
оգСһﻹǱŵ۴ޡ
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Լˡ

220Ȩ1

ӱ๫ߣֻȥݣŻûʲôطҪæġ
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ѰԼǹעⱲӶ檡
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ʹӹҲǰලŮ
Ρõʱ򣬳صؽڰ·˵¶
ΡûܾҲͦá
ԼէƵδ֪СţҲѱһһһʱϲĽʱǳ¶롣

ΡɫƺҪˣȰ˵Ļ˻ȥ
˼ңҪģôҲǸ취˵Ҫǲõģ취Ūȥˡ

񵥶Ԫеûд
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ллֵȻûŷּңԴϾǮǸҵģϺлμҵ⣬ҪǼҵϺˣøϽ취⸶УлϱӲӣָһ
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ûӻûԤУҲûãܵȼ˵

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ǰ͵˳ϸȻ֪ôӦүġ
һ·ϴʰҲǳջûӿӦܾϲڣСм֮ϰ˰緹ö˵˶ʺһûͦܣ˽¸Ρ˵˲ϸܵҲͦ˳ۡ
ԸŮŵˣû
Ρݸų־ͺá

221·״2

ҢЩѻѾüûȥӼࡣ
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ԽԽ߰ǸŮ˾һƤ
뿪ҢԺӣֵܿµˣԸȥһү٣ʲôŮӽӴ

ʹӶŵĻżÿ춼ܴ粽ؿŽСһûʲô
ܰȥĹݽѧ
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222ݼ3

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223Ź죬ʵ۽Ӱ1

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224ļƣ󰸣2

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225壨3

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226ò˳1

ⳡ󰸵Ľǹ۷õŹ˵֤⡣
ԭõ֤ݣͻ뱣סҢռժɾ
һƲ̷ɺҢô࣬ʼղ࣬޷ˮ©ɵԲ˵
ôһӾͺѳʱ޷½嶨
½塢̷ɺҢ˳˱ӷʱѺΡ

֤ݲ㻹õŹģ
۳۹Ĳӣɫ粻
ûʵĽڣһʱֲ¡
˻д󳼳еȻģֻ⣬ôϲǰݲʱˮʯ˭˭ú󰸣Լ¡
ϳ飬Ͼ¹ؼʮȻǻ󰸣ȻԵĹƽŹﷸԩ޹
ϳ顭
ϳҲ顭
ۿµĴ󳼣ȻλΪ޸ðǰݲ̽࣬ôûкʵѡƼ
⡭
С
˵ʵǿͷϳûģҪվλεظռԣһƱԸŲװȡ
Ңûв룬¶һռҳϹϵӧӵ˾ͱá
Ƹ£˵ǱǸ𰸼ģӦ˳
Ƹ˵ֻ𾩳ǷΧܲȥطϵذý
۾ϵôû⣬࣬޿հһֱ˵ǲб뷨
ػϣϳǲղǰݲ鰸
仰༸ҧڲ鲻Ը״̬±˵ġ
ԭθ淢½壬Ϊڳϵ˱˭ʯͷԼĽŰԼҸǣ
һƣ֤ʵҢв룬Ǿɱһǧ˰ˡ
뵽ҢǸѧСԿۡ
ۿǸŭԵıôôʹ죬ˣޱѸú󰸵񽻸
ֻҪûֵԸͷϾͺá
࣬һڴ󳼰ɿ
ûͷ˵˰鸴ӣͷһȥݣ಻㣬һλݵĹԱίղһͬǰ
£ݼĹԱ͸ˡ
ΪؽƫԶÿܿľӲ࣬پԵһɸѡھǵٵľ͸٣ʸϽģָͷһ۳ȥûС
ָʹʱ΢ţȥ¿̽ɱݼᣬȻǰǨ뾩ǰİţʵѡ
֪Ρָʹֱʵ۸ǰ̨ף˳Ρ˳ˮ顣
ֿȻͬʱҲڷգҸȥ죬ڱšϡĺܶ˵ٺò
ûڳɹ𣿿ɼҢʮа˾Ѳ˸ϵղͦ⣬үŻ
ۼû飬ֱӦʣǰּܹΡΪղ󳼣ȥݲɽúһ

صңΡãһʱҩ࣬СԲָմһЩȻĨΡĸ첲Ȧ
ΡСϱ΢ͷרעŲǳӡϣԭ̫ص˿ڣôϸĶԴƱʱ֮ǵˡ
Ρ뵽ǰںԺ½壬ܲ˰ԼΣǲһĨȣûҧ˵ֻ֣򵥲˲Ϊһ·Щҵ޷ų´ղΪʲôҪô
๫ʲôԼǱʶｫɡҪˡ½ʱ˼ûУʶ͵ǰ档
ңһһأ½ΪʲôҾ˭Ҹʶ
ͷ׽תƣǸֱ׳Сģһ
ΡЦЦ֪
ǲȻأ
ʱעȫ๫ϣûȥϸ½ķӦÿˣЩɵȻȻ͸ͷ
Ҫмè壬½ͷһμַӦ
ΡûҲû˵ܻò˼飬ò˳
ж񣿡
ûпԤеĳԾӦΡ΢˿˵߳񡣡
ȻԼС㵱ʱǲǺܳԾ
ΡԭǵĿ£Ǻ˫ۣ
ҡͷҾ룬Һͳúô½ǲֿܿҼ๫ķϣǰΪ㣿
Ρ
ЩʱԼ̫͹Сϱġ
˼߼ȷʵѰ˲̫һ
ҲãΪȥ˼Լ볤֮ûʲôȻϵ

ʥּʱӻΪԼһ򣬼վ̫࣬ͷƾᡣ
ֱɵۣ˻ԼܻȥͷӺԪýȥ֪ͨӡ
ܿѻүˣʥּˡ
ͲǰڹˣЩ棬£Ӧ
Ρһۣ߳š
Ժּǰܹܡ
ΡΣǼʥּӵĳϣû˵ʲôż˹ؽּ
۵˼ԣݴɽú¹شѾѰӽҪһ漮ݵĹԱΪղͷȥ죬ݵ飬μ漮ӽɽΡȻسΪղѡ
Ρ뷭Ѿһ죬꣬˺ԺԺÿ쾤ҵҵΪľ뾡찾ƾԼΪǼʮֻعһࡣ
ͻȻõŹͱ£֮⡣
վǼʮĿοģϣܾѰӸˣҲһ׮¡
Ρû뵽ջ䵽Լͷ
Ԥ硣
ʥּӺۼ빫ȥȲ衣
úǣѾͷöΪǰ̷ֽ̫࣬Ҫͷ޹Ļƽʱ䣬æ˵ãԼ˴Ҵˡ
ϵԴʥּݣ˾ЩǰܹվæΡɣʥּϵú󰸣ǲҺһ׮
Ρ˵ǡ
ϵô˵ǼʮĿ󹤣лᷭˣ
ȫ֪¶ΡԼӰ쵽ǣЦſοģܿ죬Ҿֻعˡ
ȻǻԽĲ¶úð죬ͷԣһԲġ
ΡӦ鷿׼ʥּžͼСϱ֪ʱѾվͷСдԹǲҪҷֿˣ

227ֻҪ2

ΡڵԼ˼ְнڣڳʲô¡
ߣϴһ˽û취һǣ㿼һۣεġû۵üҹ붼ľ
ؿɲǿԣȥ鰸֮ǰںԺҲˣӸ½йء
½˭Ķӣ̫ôݰǣô֪˼ȥ鰸ȥģ
½竣ҲǻףĿǻ
ôİӣ֮һٳȥ϶ޣ鲻࣬ʱ²֮ͰѰӸҹȥˡֱӳ㣬Ҳû˻ںһ޹ؽҪĺֹ
ܽᣬڣ๫нͬǰȫ𣿡
꣬ȦסΡͷ鳺˫һգգڵȴ𰸡
㲻˵ζҲԡ

ⷬһ׼ԭð̡

ΡβЦ⣬ֻʥֻּ§ɤԾɺңĹ볤٣
һϷ̬ԽСˣܲ룬Ϳ๫㲻ͷҸȥˡ
Ρʣˣô죿
ûңչ˽˺ܶ࣬չģʼֻһ
ΡЦ⽥Ũ§ֱֻսʲôʱҲѧ˵ˣ
кööأ񽫲ϣΡµɫۣͷǿСƮ죬ҪϲҸȥһ·϶˵
ЩǴٴͣδԵ̫ḡɸϣʮðͷഺ꣬;øոպãպܴ
ȥ鰸ǺġΡѣϾҪˣ̫ɹڡ
̧ͷЦǾһԺ˷ޡ
ƺȡõ๫ϵЦݱᣬֳһζ
ʶûʥּźþͱԼôţ²˼ɿʱ˵һ䣬һطʰ
ΡĿԶüۼ龭òɢ

ٰ˿ڣظʱͷ϶һȦɴ
֮ǰΧĽ½屻ʱȫ롣
½һֱڴſڣòװȴֲԾ
·Ʈ·֪²ȵʲô½æǰ˷סˣ
˵Ƹջع̧ͷΣŬЦû£㵣ˡ
½ۣܣǿջЦʲô
˵գҲ˻ڣֱӴὫ첽ط
ϣ½׼Ըȥ븮ҽȴ΢ָס
½ۻͷѾڴͷͷϵɴ£ܼѪ
Ǹλãֻǲͣͷĳġ
ԣ½ƻûʲô֣״̬ã˯һ¾ͲҪˣһ취
ʱһ仰ůͬʱҲײС
ĿڱյϣãųΡΪղ󳼣ϾҪȥݲ鰸һѱߡ
ԣ½Щ⣬Ρ뺲Ժûã鰸£ô䵽ͷϣ
һ仰ͲֻҪɲ룬ʹлĻᡣ
½ͼ׼˽µĻ˲ʱ˻ȥ㶼ˣȥɣǸˣЩҸÿڡ
̧½۵имŵͷá
ľˣ½۷ѵõĹ˳
û˵ģһá֣ʹʼ
ϵΡ
ۿ˯ȥ˱ֱլ

˼٣ΡһͲٵ˭ԺֱӶ˵׼
ʱͻȻ˵ү
˵Ժﲻػ𵱳ںͬСԺͷһμʱһֱԼ
ǸʱΪǶԷû˵ư;棬סŻԭԼˣ˼ҿΪ񳤹
뵽ͻȻúЦ
Ρ߳ʱɼһĻɵЦʲôæҡͷ˵ûУڵľ˼ù˵۾
ΡûȽȥԷȥӴү
ͻȻʣҪ¶𣿡
ΡʧЦɲʺ¶档
֪ô˵ҽȥԷ
ΡһݣŻԺߡ
½Ѿ뵽ǰڸ衣
Ρʣֻһˣʹܲ³ͼ
λǲȥԺΡ½ۣһˣΪ½°ɣ
½۱ôƺŪðûع
Ρŵ䵽ͷϣ˵ҲԵ֣ĸϣСôֻҪںΧڣСء
½ⷬ˵̹Ĭ˻ڵɣ֪Ǹù٣ҪڰʮĻȥˡ֣Ϊѣ岻ǹΨһĺӣǡ¶ӡ
仰ǵףɹΡ
ٴҲ벻С¼ҵ½ҵĺӣ½ߵģ¼ҵĺӡ
ô˵½壬ͬĸ츸Ľܣ
ڹӼʱĸݣ¶磬ѾеĻӦԶǰϻҲӦĹŮ嵱ӡ
Ҹ˵ЩǴ¶㣬֤ʵвú󰸣оʱһϳͣҺĸ
ΡĬ
ǼȻΪѹûˮϰλ棬һλ½׵
¶һ㣬½ֻͬ׵
˵ɥˣǧжΪ
Ρԥ½˵Ҹ˵ռҺͳ̼Ҷвɣܽ˱ۿʲôҶӦ㡣
Ρˣֻ룬Ѿ䶯Ұǣ˾򣬾ֻ»Ҳӣҿܳء
½ǰѾ׼ףֻҪš

228кηԸ𣿣3

½ۣΡȥݣ˼ھ͸¿ӡ
ǲǽķ˲θڣ
ΡЦ˵ǣЩȣ̫Ե¡
ϱ˵үңɶ¶
ѾʥּĴ̼Ӷү¶Ѿ˲ˡ
Ĺ񡣡ΡҽӦ
ϵӶˣֻܲ׼ɲᳶѣ˵ʲôһ²лɡ
һǹûʣת˵ݵ£ɶʱ̡
Ρ˵죬컹ȥ˺ԺͷͬŽһ¡ңҲҪʱȥ١
ϵʣӶȥ
ЩΣ֪ô˵
ӿڰϱڻһȥû»زܲ˸ź𣿡
ֻǵĽ
Ѿˣֲüس̣Ҫǿ֣͵ˣ
ŶӶϱ棬Щϵ˵ȷ˷ţſӣ˵֮ǰڷǻͲԣҪˣȻۼھûɶݣɱϾСͷһҪץܣúú֣ʱﶼڣǽɶ¶
ϵһѣӲŻȻСӿˣǸúúðһġ
ȥݲ½磬Ƿ鰸һߣϱҲ°ɰϳɶ¶զ죿
ĥĥȥջǾɵɶҪӶǴСӵĵһ꣬ԺٲˣҪɶ¶ҵͳˡ
꣬𣿵ʱѹŮӺ͸лôˣզͲˣ
ϵеȡ֡
ٶҲͷֿ¶ѣôҲ¶Ӳܡ
ӸͲˡ
Ͼͷɵĵùŵ¶˵ɶţȥҪ֪ϱи˲õıܰԼҶӶֱ֣ȻãҪѶϱɻ˵֡
ûͣԾͲˣһ̯ôŰɣҪﲻʹˣ͸ұȥ
ϵ

Ѿͣߵ˵Ÿտʼ
ڷϿ๫ԣǻʣ´Żᣬֱӿڣ£
Ρû˼ǣͷ½һ
ǺͬҪǷŹڿɽǼʮλô죿Ʋݣ˭ĸˣ
ƳЩΡԱţ½Ʋϵң˼˵ڴܻ֮䣬ѡߣվڸĸôҲ޿ɺǡ
һ½һգû˾ûˡ
ţܵ˻ڡ
ΡĽͣûټǰַۣ๫˵öԣվڸĸϣŮúûţû
ֻ½ΪԼʮΪۣǱȻĽ

գΡȥԺĽӣȥĹݸ١
ѧٶ˸»ϣֻñ֤˵ȻӱùŬ׷ͬǼ¶ʵǶ㲻
֣ûˣ׼һµļ١
ӺĹݳԼ֮ǰӦµ£˽ͣȴֲ֪¼ġ
УϴҢվڲԶ˵Ңݡ
๫ҢةĶӡ
¸ҢݵĻҵռ˴һӦò̫ѡ
ֻģʱԼҵ˰ѶԷݸײƣΣ
¶ô죬ͼǰͷԶ߹ϸһ򣬾ȻΡ
๫վû˫ֽգΪû뵽ԵЩִ١
Ρܿߵǰ̧˵⣬ʣô˵
׼ҵĳ٣м²ð졣
Ρ۲Զֲǣ񡣡
ţ
ȣ˵
ʶӸԼ̫Щⲻȥ̧˳
ºΡղ˵Ļʲô²ð죿
иͬ³٣ҴӦժÿÿεص㣬ҲˣҲ͡
ΡҪҪˡæ
ˡûͬ⣬һ˵ɣ
Ρǰû°䣬û߹ǸŮпܸԼһǳԺݽġ
ǴΡ߾ˣҲѧ˲ڱǷǡ
һֱãΡԼԣֻɷ򣬻ʦ
ŵһǱĬؽΪ˴
ܶģǻˡǷԵģϵõѧϰ
ˣԼԭ۵ԲŻڼ޹ԽԽ죬ԽԽᡣ

ʱִ٣ΡûüˡǺúõֻ򵥸ýл˵˼ˡ
Ϊ˷ʱΡңװ磬ղ˵С࣬ר˾˲ˮ紷֡
ָʹ棬ǰ˶ʮ˸Ρȥڳϵʱ򣬲û˰עͶŵϣ׾ɻء
Ρ򵥸ͷĽ˼䣬һ˿ʼ̡
ڣΡԱߴ̴಼ͷ߸ľСѾͷЩ΢ĲӦ
ۿųģСʱķ۵ʮʼǼǺͤͤÿʱڵģǵãΨ磬ջͷһ⡣
๫Լ̧ͷ¶˸ЦкηԸ𣿡
ΡʧЦҲó
ûŮװԼģΪŮװԼ̫ױЩܸȥҪʱر๫ʱظߵж
Ǿ⸱װ

229ӣ1

ռҺͳ̼вú󰸵ɣΡǴ˵ģȥԺӣҲȷʵȥһ״ԪλѾְͣ
ռҳϹϵζĲ²ܿǶԵģһ·ϣⲻ˱ɱֻɱ˲Թǳةฮ
ʵҲ֤ǵľ
ͷһ··ͱը٣ʯŵһ룬ֱˡ
ȻЩֻԤеݡ
ȴǣΡԸͣϢȥ̽·
ͷκְٻ
̽ǰ·ըҪĵüøĵ
ĵԺֱ֪ʯ⡣
κٻѾ뵽˭ֱʣĵĿдЦһȺ
ҲռɱһΡֻҪûᣬʵ۾ͻ᲻ͣذݣ滹ΡΡôղ󳼣ɱù

λ࣬ҲǣӵˣΡ˶ûݾͿʼʹɱ֡
˵ҵģҢܣ롣
Ľ߹ڵϡ
ͷһûҿԡ
аʱ˵ѡʱ۾Ϲ˸ǻһӴ
ӣ磬ҾǸȢɶ
Щûȥ
ΰΡûóѣټϱݺѵһ˵𣬻صԺͽˡ
֪Ժһᣬ˳/Ũǰ˼ֱӰ˸ήСϳȥҹٰ÷
̬ƿأЩѰ˻ңžͼڷæǰʣôˣ
һͷ꣬㻹
Ҳ֪Լ˼Ϳ£˽Դ۸֤ݱ˿
µ¦ѾͱˣԹ˭ûãؼĻҪ취
磬ˣҲú취ҢСռұȻܵǣ
ߣɫѿҵΡϧȫǽһǴն࣬ʱɴѱ
ǵô˵Ȱ߳ȥԷִûճ
Ϊ֮ƣҲֻôˡ

ڣΡһ·˳ݣǻʵղ󳼣;ÿξݣиطԱӭӡ
Ҳ⣬֪ͨСȵƽأλ¬ûǨ
˵͢ղææñͦԲ׹ǰȥݵȡ
úһ£ȻǰѾڿٷȴδκȷеϢ
Զݵ¬֪λղʲôģֻ֪Ķٴ󣬶ѹολǻʵǲ¹֮ǰپӼƷһ°ɣȥ͵
ôһ룬͸ðղ˵ڹˡ
¬ĥôˣΡһѾˡ
¬̧һ򣬼ǰͷ崺һһݡ
ٴҲצɵۡ
͵˶ǽôӵмģǶ٣
ͣʱ¬˫Ѿʼ亹乣Щ˹ȥ
ӱͯƿŮװ
ǼСҲ̫ߣټۣδֱͯΥ͸С
ţղΡͯڷźõĽŵ
¬ǰֹ¹ƽ¬ȣղˡ
ΡλԼͷƽظĸ٣뵽ǰԩʱԷ̬ȡ
ǸʱֻǸͷ޹ްȨ˵ΪԼָ
Ǹʱ¬ط죬һ仰ܰһڹȥʮܶס˵죬˶м㡣
ˮתλΪƽһؼԱλ٣Ȼڹ꿴죬ͷԡ
뵽ΡЦ£ǻǴδƽȣ¬ˣδ
ǵǰǵٺΡӲΪıųѹˡ
һɲأˣԼ˵Ļз
¬һе죬̧ͷòڣǵƽصĴΡ
ȻΪú󰸷Щ죬Ρͷˣ򲻻ðүǣߡ
¶࣬¬Ǻ֪ģΡֻݣûģһѣҲûƽϣΡ̽ɣûҲԼǰ̹ȥ
¼Ρղݻصƽأ¬Ʋסľϲ
ð̫ˣ
ԼλϰôһֱϲȥֻΡ£ϵ㶯ƤӣһοǨͲ⡣
ˣ¬ͷĽŸкܿȥЦݸΪ飬ٴι֣ԭδˣ겻ûίطˣϲɺѽ
Ρ˾䣬겻¬˾Ȼܼĳ֮ҡ
δ˵˾֪Ĵӣ¹ۿؿ׿ǹӼȥģ
⻰Ρн죬ٲĹͣҲǰʾΡ˲Ҫ֪ͼ
ʱղһ·۳Ͷ٣ҪϢ¬ݰݡ
¬
Ρ򵥽ܣٵͯ顣
¬һ𣬡δ롣
ҲϯΡϲίߵĳϣֱӲΪɸˡ
¬ܾô״ղĺûᣬ̽˵һ޹ؽҪƯǰʵصϡ
δ˴ݣΪ£
ΡһۣΪһ׮ӣʱֻҪ¬˶ϡ
¬۶ٷƣѹû뵽ǰ׮Ժ䶯µĿѰϣֻЦеδ˺úϢӵ¶飬ʱĸһ㾡ܰδ˲鰸
á
ΡƵףͯͿ͡
ͣͣ¹Լߡ
뿪Ρȥκٻ˼ס¬һһǧ¬ͻȻ·
ЦκٻΡһۣ̲סԴȤôϸоδ᲻λͯأ
ô¶ʹͯ˵һˣķһˣ
Ρݸͯףһ·۵òᣬѾЪˡ
κٻЦЦܸô˵ӣҲǺø֡
Ρص䣬ȷѾڴϡ
ûˣٿαװںڳɢ
ΡʱӣɫЩס
ǲǻۣȥ򡣡Ρڳ麹ĶͷЩ
£̫ûô۳ͶٹЩʹ
áſƤЦЦһͺˣǵĴΣգױ¶ݣСĽΪϡ
Ρ̾Ҹӡ
š

230ʮߣ2

Ρ᲻أȻȫֹۣٻ⣬úû˯˹ȥ
Ѿȫˡ
𣬹Щ谵Լŵīζ
Ρڰߣдʲô
Ρ̧ˣûкһ㣿
ףѾˡ
Ƕ
ӣȷʵЩ
Ρ±ʣ߳⣬ûСʳ룬գ۵ĹͰԲ
񴩴óʱע⵽ȫ嵭ģһǽˮ
ǼȥΡŰ£͵ҳ˯ŵʱȥ¥ҹ˳һݶа
ʵĻʳҲ֮صȥصǽˮɣ˱ģֻǱ˶Ŀѡ
뵽⣬ӿů
ӹΡĵ˿ǲǿʾ¥ˣûʲôƷʺŮ⼸ȵģ
ڼʱΪûʹֻǱܿһЩ̼ĳʳٺ๫֪Ҳ
Ρûشֻǿϲ
źԴȥӦһ䣬ֻҪ๫ģϲ
䣬͸о˵Լͣ˺þã·仰϶ȡ
̧ͷĶҲŤ
Ρʲôû˵ŲĿ⣬Էвˣ˵ƽﰮԵġ
ŵͷûҿ극ϴϴʱΡѾ˱īæˣ
Ρ棬ӦҹЪϢˡ
֮ǰ˯һЦ˵˯ɣСĸҹ
ҹҲСְͯڡ
ΡԼ˱裬մյߣһ䣬˶٣üۼȾЦ⣬һô죿
ʱط졣
ŮװͷһΣǸ๫СͯӾǳ죬ʮ棬վʱ˵ʲôҲҪΡҹûס˴
װ˯ĳˡ˵Ρ
ⲻȫ˭๫úÿţֲľͷˣôÿ˯ô޶ԣ
ᣬֱסҡ⼸첡ˣεġ
˵꣬۾ָ￴Цһ¡
˵ȻˣͺúϢܰҹ
ջǱ˴ϣԹ˯

ú󰸵ĵ峿ʼ
ΡûȥãֱݾͰκٻϴɽѿ󹤵ʬǡ
ɽԺ󣬸ׯʣʲôˣȥɽѾһɽô㲻ôйûҲû˸
ʮٵǿٿһǣҹ䣬ڳͷ
ΡȻЪϢմͷͽȥá
¬֪ΡеĿģԾɳٷƵУΡãæӭȥּΡ̧ŸΪʲôöɺ棬ղǡ
е¬
ΡŹߣֱٵλһĿ̧¬۽硣
Ǻܿ챻򿪣¶׹ɭɭͷ
¬״һɫȫ䣬漴׵Ρղôͷ
ΡٴѾʬˣн꣬ͷǣڴɽٳģ֪¬ûӡ󣿡
¬һ˶ˣضţ󡢴ɽ
ˣٴɰһ¡ΡĿɫ΢һѹǰ¬ʾ˵ɽúйʮǮһ죬һٶ˽ȥúѣ˳ɵĿΪܶ档
ԩĵǱ٣Լǵ¬˵ɽúǾ͢׼ٷɵģôѵ곯͢ʾ
¬˵ĻᣬΡֵҪñ֤ݲݺ㣬Ҳе֤ˣһٶ棬˱ףһһ
ߣƽصİն֤õȷйĸʾһ㣬¬Ҳ
˵Ĺٷɣǣô֮˾Ұ˾Ϊʲôûκιӵļأ¬Ĵϱϱˣ˰²;ѰӸŪûﾩǣ
¬û뵽ΡǰĿѷģŵûֱ̱ڵϣͷ˿ĸͣţղү¹вȣ򡭡ûõڲϣǽ΢һٸӣ΢Ҳҷ´˵
Ρʣ˭вȣ
⡭¬Ϊѡ
֪òùǼλ
Ρٶ𣬡û֤֤вȣôǰĿһıףѺؾ˾󡣡
ղү¹вȡ¬Ѿµﲻɵ
ʮһ˾ûˣŪû塣
еܺߣ
вȵ֤أΡ׷ʡ
¬ϸһ£ȻֵǼ˰̯Ӹƨˣ鶼ǾһֲٰģǼ˳Ǯѹûϱ߶
ʶԼӣ¬ǰһڣЩʹȥ
ۼֿ죬ʱŪѡ
¬ſڵϣղү¹аԣԸ׺䡣
ΡƻߣЩͷ̷ǰ˵仰
¬
κַղүҪ֤ݣ¹ȥ飬ǲɳúн׼¼һܲ鵽˿ġ
ʱ䡣Ρ
Ҳ̫̫ˡ¬һĨһ󣬡죬졣
ΡûٸִպҲ֤ݣٱֻܹ¹ˡ
лղү

߳ãκٻΡһ¬ò֤ݣδ˴ô죿
Ρ²ͣ٣Ŵɽ򣬡һֱ룬ǰô˵¬йģ
κٻ˲ףȥ顣
Ρѵزһռһʲô˲֡

׵Ρִõ˰ʮȥɽڵµʬȫٳ
ʱ꣬Ҫʬǲˣֻ͹ҵǮÿλѿ׼һ߹ľ͵ء
̶̼գɽ˰ʮ·أΡ׼ֽǮһһصؼ
ĺù٣׳٣ð֮ᣬкһƬ
ԳյΡδе˿ҫԺܳأҲܳʹ
ǰʮ󹤵ʬǣһһߴӵصٳģжʮѾû취ƴ
ЩˣԭԼļ׾죬δͷļʮ
Ϊӵһʱȫһ

231᰸ؾ3

ҹ꣬ԡˮΡվڴǰỽ๫ԡˡ
ΡתͷЦʣڵࣿ
Ρûϡ
ʵǺ½Ĳ׮Ұ
ģûвõԤСһ£ǿο
ΡԼӰ쵽תģˣ벻ȥ
˫Դ𣿡
Ȱ˽ᣬҳմȥһˣӾسǣҲԶ

죬¬ҵ˵꿪ɳú̿ȥͽ׼¼
κٻͷҲռҳҢһ˲룬˱ռүǰιܶ
¬κٻ֤ݴһ¾Ͳѽ͡
ɽ߸𿪲ɣүǱְ֮͡
¬½ݸԸðհй˽úλү϶ûٴ¹򣬲ŵĺô١
ֻȺ˶ûϵвƣıֱӴݿûٷΥɽֳô
ΡѼ֤ݣѾ֤ʵ½塢̷ɺҢ˶в롣
λүȻѾڣ֤ɽ£ռѲ˸ϵ
Ҫ˵ռһռͷ
κٻΡѵռҲװؾǵģǶԸ㣬ֿܣҪôɱٵϵ֤ݣҪô۸֤ݡ
ܻȫҲܲסиһԻؾ;УδҪСĲС
Ρл
ӵǳ˽ᡣ
¬ǱգϴѲˣѾκٻժɴñʱѺΣ׼žѺͻؾ

¹ۣΡ˼ѩɫ쳤ۣȥ
¸˵͢ղΪǰѵĿ󹤷ȴû뵽λղԼŮ
Ρʱ죬ģǾϲæö˽ȥ
ԽԽãǼҳѾһӵʱܶдˡ
װ磬˻զ¡
ʵ˵๫ԼŮװ治̫㣬˳
˵ôãûĶҲѧҲˣŪӳ⣬һ˹š
˵䣬߽ݸߵ
ò˳
Ȼʮ꣬ȴܵÿ죬ϲ¸߼˲棬ȥ֮ǰ˲١
ڣ˳ЩڵͷվƬ̣ҲûϸɫԼͿں㣬ɶʱģզǰ˵һ
պ·ݣ˳ʱûŻңûдš
˳ƺЩ˼ԵúǱŤû˵ֱһ仰Ǹ˰ɣ
š
̫ԶҲȥˣҪߵʱ򣬰ۼϺõǶЩȥԣ
ЦˣɵСӣǹү˼ʲôûУžôԶǻȥ𣿡
˳Σæƶ˵ģµǣĿ黹Ǹζˣؼÿ˭ͣ˳ģͦõ𣿼ȻۼкǣһÿҰһ㣬Ҵؾǣ͸˵С˾˸ģСһһ׼ˡ
˳ԭεЦ⡣
ãǶȥݸշ˵ţ˳ȥ
˳Ҳվ㣬ȥǿõİ
áͷ
˳ȥˣ¸ŰŹϣԭλãοؿ񣬡ѾͷˣҲûǰôˡ
źۼؿԱߵΡһۣ˵żҵķ˻ˡ
֪˵¸ЦЦΡɣش죿
Ρʱһ͵̻ؾ
ô죿¸͸ź
ò׼ŹŮԭģûһ춼ס
񿴳۵׵Ĳᣬο๫ǻĲ£һᾡ취
ôԶ·ͷҲס¸ֻҪŮżҹúã㣬
ЦЦָ˵ԼŮӹѧ飬黭ּգԺѧɣҹŮǸСŮˡ
¸̫ЩǸȥŮˡ
Сڻûȥʰû̫ã˷ǡ
˳ȥǰͷǣҲطԼ׼һø
Ρں棬һ¸˵˼仰
¸֣صͷֻ˵˾ġ

һ磬ݲ鰸һ̻ؾ
⻰
ڣУÿеģܱ֤ʱ䣬߹ðо
þûд⻰ˣͷ⣺ɽʲô¸

232Ķ磨1

س·ϣʱ˸ˡֽŶ¬ȡ
¬ǵǼӵҪ֤ˣһ·ɱĴ̿Ͷ಻ʤ
ÿɱΡܻ᲻ػֱһϻӡ
ϻκٻģ˵ǽʱܱ
ϻӲ³ԭ滹Сһ濪ġ롱ˣĶͻᱻ顣
ν̿Ѿ˵סΡǸϻӣװľǹú󰸵֤ݡ
Ϣؾǣüͷ̽ӣ᲻թ
̽ӵϻ˵˽רãˣ㶯һ£Ķͻᱻ١
ۣ˵ϻװ֤
Ϊпܡ
Ѿȥ˺üɱ֣һһֺãûҪΡѾûٵȣԸٰɱˣֱӻؽ͵һҪǸϻӸ͵
ǣ

뾩ǰҹΡһڳ
󣬡Сͯ׼ˮźղԡ
ΡͰϣŲ΢أѾ˯˹ȥ
һ£üۼвزסľɫ
ˮ͹ĺỬ£˳Žʵţû
Ŀǵϡ
»֮ҹͷˣʱ๫Ϊ˲ģûϸֻͣǲС˵ġ
ݿ˵ǻĳͻȻصţԥþòŸʵ
Ρʮ꣬Źһ£ǹк÷
˵ΡСù˲÷ϼޣҹܳȥɽ˸̣ˡ
ôֻ˵̣󲻿Ծģû˵˱ɽǿ˶Է
μӶˣ˵ﲡˣֻûôˡ
˵÷ɽҲһԸһԸúùԼӾˡ
ƫôɣɷΡȥؿ;иպñȺɽ˸ˣ÷Ҳڡ
С˵˲ûȻɽŮˣϱһʱЩӦ
÷˵ȥ˵ɽ취סԷ޵죬ɽֹأֱӰŪˡ
÷ɽ¶Ρһֱֻ֪ᡣ
̤뿼˸֪ɩɱҴظϣǻѾˡ
˴ɷ򸾵ĺ£Ρȥ٣طٸѹ͹ܲЩٷܣ֮£Ρֻȥǵϳ÷ǸŮˣԷ˵ͳذ׾ϴ̡
ÿΡÿ죬ֻ˵һ㣬ֱܾӴ൱û

ϺӴһ˶Ρɩϵֻ಻١
оóܸùˡûйϵɷ򸾵๫ȫԸͷˣ治ôɩǰٲ뿼ڣһֱʮ߰˶ûȢޡ
ʱҲ룬Լ๫᲻ⱲӶûɼңֻԪ

֪๫ۣûİ˺ѣֻʱʱֽȥˮ¡
Ρû˯Լ˰λõ߼ջأҲûŽͣܿȿԡͰ
ӵʱָдǿ̣۲ۡ
ΡֻЦ
ۣۡ
ǵ˰̣λεɩΪʲôɥʱΪǱ𣬵ʱѾ˷ǡ

ϸɾ´Ρһʱ佫Ŀߵϻϡ
Ҳ˳ȥһжͦκ
Ρߵǰϻӱһ£ײһЦȻˡ
Ԥе£ɫѰǻؽ͵Ȼ֪
ǰˡΡϻӵࡣ
ֻǸϻڵײ˼Ǻţһ˺ѷ֣ڻȻ
ΡɿСޣղǸϻʲô
뵽ԼɵĶ磬Щݣ㡣

Ρղ뾩һգԼҸץ
ѾʮλûΡġ롱ֱֲһȥһж˶ꡣ
һλų³˵Ľʦķ˺üʱĹŰѿİ취⿪򿪺иһƣ澹ȻиϻӣϻӸдţҲҡ
ʦøһƣ൱Լȥ򿪵ڶϻӣû뵽едûҵҡ
ֿ
ϻԽԽСҲԽԽС۶ܿ
ѽҴˡ
ٿһоϲŶ
һ໹ûʹһɡ
ڣֵµ˴򿪣ͷǸӣװˮһֻ棬˸֣
ʶ˵ˣðֱ̣Ρ
һ䣬ϻͺϵشһ䣬ɡ
ԱЦЦһɫͨ졣
ɨ˼һۣ
ɡ

̬ΡؾûƬ̵飬ֱȥԺл
ú󰸵֤콻¸¸ˣԼܿٽ͵ǡ
յл
֮ԽΡŵù֮Ľ顣
лɵ֪Ρȥʲôõʱһʱ³ʱ÷ģѾҹû˯ã͵ΡѶȡߣҹζࡣ
ΡѶõʱл˿ļ򣬡úñ֡
µĻ㲻˵ΡҲлֻҪӰɣһ١
Ρû˵
ӸĴ̫ÿҹ۾Ժﶼḡǰʮʬǡ
ú󰸾ľǳȥģֻ뻹ԭ֮࣬ԷΪʮֻع
κٻһԴߴ٣δˣʱˡ
ΡףƫͷԱߵСޣҽȻȥҪ빬һˡ
֪Լ벻˹ܹɵصͷۿΡ뿪תͷߡ
˾ǣ༴ͣҲ޷ڻʵƤӵ¶ղ󳼶֣Ρʳǵһ·˳

233ѹͲĺӣ2

úذõ֤ݵΡ˵ԼҪʥ۲ûӼ̣û͵ƫô޹ΡĶ֮Ĭ
ʵûΡ㰲š
˺þã۲ſô˵½Ĳú󰸣
΢飬֤֤ȫȷˡ֤΢Ѿϣ֤¬ȣѾ̲󡣡
ְ˰Щʹ̫Ѩ˵ĳԸ޹֤ݽ˾
޹óǲԸ½СүԽ֣ǰСӹϵĶܿȥ̲š
ְӣҪ˾
˾̲Ժ¡
̲Ժ󰸣̡
ʮ̯˾ûˡ
룬޹ͷϾֱð亹
½СүǿǳĶӣһ£⹬ûٰˡ
޹һߣڱ
鷳ƣΡ¡
ΡΪ˰ղ󳼣Ȩ
ûлؼңҲûȥԺֱȥ̲
̲ҦѾõ޹Ķʼ̡
ΡҦʱһְӵз
ҦʵŹ죬ûСǵİնڵſսֻ˽ú󣬵أǰʮ룬Ҳǳ̿£ˣģÿǱ߸ʲô
Ρʣְӣ᲻
ҦЦһǳһǹ˸ÿ𣿡һתֻ㲻Ҳᴦڸ

̲ųΡԼ½Ѿˮʯ½ȷв룬ֻ˾֮о
׼˿Ρ׿˵½лⲻһ
üͷţΡֵ׮ӣռ˲룬Ңײһʱ̰淸˴ôү򲻹·ס˵ռӦأСΪӸˣȨȥ󣬵ʱҾȡ
ɣΪˡ
½۵ͷ
о仰Ρ˵뵽ǰʮʬǣ׻ǿ˿ڣСλȥŵ˰ڿɽЩʬȫ˳ʱ꣬ЩѾƴղҵ¶ûмʱӳǰʮʬ棬ͻǵġ
ΡŵҲ֪½廹ûпܴӼУϣܺúý᷸˵ףλĸϡ
ס½۵ϣ˼ǿջЦܰоѾҪô
Ρô˵вõԤС
ɣȻȥɣһе¶Ҫ졣
Ρ뿪½۾ֱȥΡ
½ѾѺһ£ڼǷÿ춼ֻǷѣûɣֻ½һˡ
Ϊֹ˴½塢̷ҢǵѺģڲͬĵط
½ۼ½ʱָͷ
塣½ǰλþʮӣ̲סüǸʲô
ǶҳԵʲô˳Ե𣿡½һ߷ϵ룬ˮˮһء
½ȳȥ½ɫΣ
ôˣò֤ݣϽģ˰ҷųȥɣطֳϻ󣬼ֱ˴ģؼҡ
˵ţ½˳ûųʣأ
Щû
½ۻش꣬Ĭ˺þòֳ͢ղȥݣѾѵú󰸵֤֤ȫҳˡ
½⻰հһ£ǰŲһ˲䱻Щţ˵һ顣
½Ѿûظ壬Ѿʮ꣬ǵʮ겻µĺˣӦӺɷҪҵ
Һȥݿ棬ɽ˵ʱ̯ӾûȥӪЩҲ棬˫ѾմȾ˼ʮ
û취Ҳܾ
ЩһԹ⵱Ĳְ
ǣΪǰЩû㾡һӦΣӳɽմҲŲһٴȥ
оһȥּһĴ
ҲҪΣҲҪоȾҡ
½ûɵؿʼĻţץľӣ˫Щ
ûӣҲ֪ʮСһ֤ʵⱲӾߵͷˡ
ܾ㣬Ը½۰£ֻҪ̷̣۶ţеڣһܿȥġ
֮ǰųļΣ½۶ûô˵½廹Ϊ취ȥûյô仰ֱ̬ӱˣۣҪ·ϱǲǰͲȥ֪ǻʲôֱ̥ˣ
½⻰ͷһգֵĻһ䶼ûڣֻǰ½ú÷ʡʡ

ռΪ˷½İӣûʯͷԼĽţҢιܶү
ҢѾүһżȥˣеΣ̯Ңүͷϡ
ֱը˰ǽͷһ١
ڼһ仰û˵ȥЩˣŵʵһ£Էǹ˾ûףҲֻҪǾͲ̫ܵǣϾѾˡ
壬һ𣿡ɫҪˣʱϰ縸һ˵ΪҶõ
ǰٹ֮ףߴϣʵʱо˶øʰ·硣
ֺһĹҪѰŻ˵֤ڶʱѰѣ඼һͣ
߳ةฮţŮǷظһȥΡ
½ݳ棬Ǻ׾ͼˡ
½ԭͦƭǰĺãּԼЩԹбֱɢϲվ˫Ƶǣǲҵģ
Ǻ촽΢ɵӣﶼҪˣܾ㣬߳ȥأ
½һãʲô˼
۵ЦŨ֪ԼΪʲôߵ𣿡
½Ŵû˵
Ϊûܽ㡣֪֪Ϊʲôܽ㣿
½廹û
ΪѹͲĺӣһũӣѰжϲ㣬½ƾʲôҪ㵱׶ӽ
½һ£ܣ˵
ؿķӦûɹΪʲôǲµ˵Ϊʲôͷ룬ݣܲǰ㣬ɱ㣬ֻҪ»˶ǾͿԼĺӣңиܻܵã/Ľһ·ΪѰ½ۣǵŮ̺ãһβܡ
⻰
һ(*/أ*)

234ʮ꣬飨3

û䣬ЦѾӺ󷽴ĶӺ뻵ʲôʱֵռˣ
͵ػͷûӦѾݺһƣζӿ֪֮ء
˳һۣ½ҲڣĿвš
ԼۿԶ˲Žģ
ƽ㷽˵˭Ķӣ
Ѱ½۵еŭһ˲յ£ƽȫô̱ѰҪ½۵ֳȥ޸ˣٰҰ˵ִ½ôɡΪ߳ѡ
ž
û˵ְ꣬һơ
ͬʱۡ
Ǻ޺ۣѰû˵
ޱ鿴ѻվúֻü˺ڣ˵֮ǰԸķҩܸ̥
ɫףһ³ûסΣ˰벽
λڱϵţǹ¸ͷϴȥ̫үԸŰ졣
ˣѾֵǽֻֻû£򳤹ʮ⣬Ѱ㹻ݣ
ЦвԱУ㲻ҪȣԹñĺ
ûǷӦһȣ£
һʹһճȭǽ߰ûӦ
״Ҳ½ۣ˽ɣ
û˵꣬ͨһֱͦͦعȥ
Ҷӣ㶼ʲô
Ʊˣ˿ǴϢĻᣬʵõЩ㣬ʮٱϣ
ԴȥΣ½ɵˣڵÿ˵ŵؿ¹Ĵֿ½ۣȻоΡ
ʲô
һۣ״̬˵ʲôҲȥô˵
½ְֻĿϡ
о½ƽۣһ֪ԼˣǸ˻
ҧأӳݷ伷һ壬ǰ˵ĻǼٵģĵȷȷҲĵȷȷǳӡ
½嵱ըëΪʲôҪƭң
Ϊǻһ٣β½ۡ
Ǹּڽġ
ƽת˻棬ֻǸ㿪ЦĹϵΣû˼
½һľϣ˵
ˣ
Ȼûʹ˷Ź
һ԰ˣ˵͹ͷοԷŮˡ
򳤹Ϲⷴɡ㲻᲻
һʮĺ֣硣


Ӹһ֡
վ˫ΪЩȣߵſڣ͸ƵĹߣվŵǶԷޣ˭խʱҾͲѰûеùһ죡
ЦŻͷֻϧ֮㶼ˡ

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½ûֻ꣬ĿһգգûɵӿİС
½ۼ״ҲԸ˱ơ
½廹ûӣ˫ԽãдŻɣǡҵ𣿡
û˵ǰ˵ݣȳԷӣ֪ʲôʲô
½塰ŶһȽ½ľƺ£ֽӹ꣬˼鿾Ѽԣȥûһգ˹ȥ
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ǹɲʵĶĸٴӿͣŬ¶Цɮ˵ʹʦˡ
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仰˵жѣתһţûȣ߻ſڣ䲻ȵصôǰٲôҲּҵĹ˸ɵĻֵͷϣ򴫳ȥ˼ҪôҿãҪôͼ˭źúõС㲻ƫҪ˵ϴѾͷģ˵ǰɣ
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ΡЦȻ㶼û˵Ҫ޸ңȢ˭
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251Ԫ̣2

⻰Ρݸ
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±๫ײƣ񾽵ײǽɫ졣
ΡҪﲻ˵ԼûҪ
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ΡûдĻԣԹ

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żһ棬˰Ӻ潫ڻֻסСһֻС֣һһǰߡ
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岻ϻ˶꣬վŽӸʰˣΡι극Ŷӻطȥ

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252ǸܼǶ3

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253˭Ȣ1

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254ģ2

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ְ˱죬ѧأѧ𣿡
˵ţ󣬲ʱԼķ䡣
ֻɨһָۣü˵ӵķ䲻ôá
ְְŵĸġ
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˵̫Ъֲ֪ıһϡ
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ְ˳ǺһֱӼۣҾǸ檶ѣõѧôࣿ
ֳЦЦ̻ܶԴ˼Ҳ̫˽⣬ռŵڣǶ͸עعأ̫ү̫̫ǰǰѹǰλլˣֻǸ檣Ҫضǣǻ˹أǱǶڵĴ󲻾ʱ˵үүס㡣
ְŵֱ£ôذ
˵ү̴ģҪ檣ĸͷŸˣأȻҲΪã̻㣬ǰү
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һֶС̬ȼᶨ뵱̸븮ǻЩȫùġ
ְ
ֻʶֶѣû飬ᱳ飬ҪʱڰôϵݸֱҪ⣬֣ƾҸүϵҲͨһ𣿡
ʲôϵ
ְ˲ҵ˵ֱͦүҽ򣡡
һĻȻȴĮȻ֪үĽΪʲô㻹Ÿ檣
ְˣ⣬ܵ𣿡
֣ˣҵȷܲţΪռҹﱻΪ֪ܣسϹϵһܹһܵġ
ְЩըָţ˭֪أ
ֵЦעС
ְ뵽棬òʱȥŭġ
ֿϣЩ飬뿴£ǲ뿴ߡ
ְòУѹͲֵȥ
ĸͲˣǰְ˵ѾǷŵΣ±죬ûжûжȰֱתȥ
ְ϶ѵϸߵ飬Ȼ̧ȫƵϡ
ֻԺ
滹ԭλֻûкȲ裬˱顣
˽Ƥû̧һ¡
үѾ˴ˡ
ֻһδô򷢵ġ
ĸ£һġ

ȥһʱʱ˲ٶ
һȦ۲˵СȻЩۡ
طѾһ
ڣȴ档
ˣ
˵ͳɤŹС
°Ѵϵüۼ¶ƣ̬

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¶˹ȲһڣȻǾۣڰǴݽˡ
ģķǻȥˡ
ǡֹ
˶̫̫ģԼóȻ򷢻ȥ̫̫ðһƤ
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ôһ˵²ɻ󣬡ǲǶ԰ʲôˣ
ֻԸѡ
ְʲôԸ浱檡
ţȴҲûʡ

־ķ䰤ְġ
ȥʱְͷɻ߽ȥһƣϺҵʮ飬Ǳ˸ɨġ
־Ųһԡ
ְ
ôˣ־ʡ
㣬Ǹˣҽӽүҽ˵Ҫ¸ү檣ȰЩĶù죬һҸˡļҸϵģֲƼңЩʲʲô
־һ飬ⷭ˷
дĵȷռҵļҹ档
ְԺְ︡ڽ˵ǷĬòſڣ檣
ҵȻˣְҪǴռүΪҲ
Ȼ뵱檣ǾͲˡ־鱾ϣ͸żȻ
ʲô˼ְعζоĲԾ
־Ҳھǣߡ
ôЩʱգ˵棬Ǽ涼ǧѡ
οˣǼ̬һֱ䵭ģ˼ҾûҪ檣Լֺαۣ
˵ѾǵǸûûʶСˣռ̣ǴŮ˶ﶷģȲֶΣҭˡ
ǰ£Լү檣ٲûҪµɫ
־˭߰棬Ľ鰮ĽⱰϥС
㣬ˣְȰҽүˣҲôĮ飬ңѾͬˡ
ͬ⣿־Цɨ۵ϵ飬ҪǴ۶ͬģø㣿㱳ѧأ֪Ѷˡ
Ҳ̫ˣְŭֲˣϲֱ˵ǣȻôŪҡ
־ְͱˣʰʰˡ
߰ɶӣƵضҴһأ
־Ŀ䣬ȻҪǰһݴˡ

2603

ûԤĵգ־ְҪؼݡ
տʼ»̫ţǷá
־˵ֻһӵģǴҲˣҲˣʱûؼˡ
Լ־вүְֶá
˻뿪׼ϻͦΣһӲ㣬ôǳȥĴתתġ
־ʾʮ⣬ǲҪ۵ĺãʲô¶Թǲչˡ
µЦţûǻ
־˵Űȥ¥ֻӣƹ˵ٹվܺãʱһ֧һ֧ʣµһ֧㣬͵ǰһСС⣬Цɡ
û룬ˡ

ȡӵպѧӺĹݻ
ӳڿºСó¥ߣͻȻ֮йɲõԤӿ
ԭռҵĹϵֳΪ˲Ρ鷳ѾٲεԤǡǡԼйأǲܲˡ
ֲͣԪȵһȡ
³֮˳ǵķߣûֱӳȥкֻǲظںͷ
־ⶩƣ¥һʱȥƹġ
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㣬ҽ㻹һأְӡ
ôãµȷЩۣûԣСĵȥ
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ŽϽ֣£ɫ̫Ծû˺죬޷ȣһʱ佫ȥҽݣûܱסӡ
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һ뵽Ϊһ֧ССôһ¶;ЩëȻͬʱҲľߵĶЩʲôˣȻܶи´˶֣˼ν

֧һģһĿʽֻΪ֣־ýβ֣ͬ¡
õԺ־һʱصá
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±˵ȻȥԼ־Ѿһڣ㿴ҺͰˣͦÿġ
һ˵һµĺӣó䡣
ŮҶΣҲ⣬Ժʶ
־ϵͭԼǲǺƯ
³ͷһۣ¾⣬ݸһЦͦϲģлл
־𴽽ǣϲͺá
£ͷ˵ɫˣǻȥɣ
°ͭŻȥ־Ĳվ˸ƹĿһ󣬳¥ߡ
۳˳װ·ǰ˼Ȼ󲻾̧ͷպúĿԡ
¼۵ԥûеһʱ俪ڡ
ЦŴкôɣҲڰ
³˳ǣ¥ȡΣأ
Ҹʱ䣬䡣ķӦƵƲĵ㲻Ծ
²䣬ʱ磬ǵûȥˡ
Ƭ̣ĿƵͷϣֿԱߵ־ְÿͷ϶һģһ³ӣʽʮֱ¡
¶棬رƵİɣܿ𣿡
ѣҲûôСֱִͷϰݸ
˵б۵ӣͳģȻӹϸ꣬ûӶ·ĵطһСС͹
ְ˰
һ־ɫ䣬æаӶȥô¶Ϳ£ʲô
ü̧ۿ־ЩЦЦ
Ǹ飬Ѿ֪һС
־ͷƤ顣

261Ӧ1

ս֣³Եҵѣ񡣡
־еͣͣ
ʶʱȻûó˽⡣
ôˣҪƽʱڴϼԼкһôҪͷϵùȥ
뵽˵ӼȻ͸ҵģǱҵģ񿴿ˣ˵۹ⲻֵø˵¶ʲô
־߬ӵָս
ô嶯ģֻոռС񡱵ŮѾҵ˲ضĻһİȥпĶ͵ñ¶
òǰ
֪ԼķӦȷʵЩͷ
ΪηŵΪ־һ¶ֽӣС¹֣ҶԸİ˾һʱվڼͷԡ
ԣղŵķӦάˣӦ
ԾɱǰǸЦ̵ģ˿ûҪļ󣬲δ־ĻֻǶ˵ͦÿġ
ȫӵ־ɫ
ǸλͣٹվҪȥˣǰ˵Ҽû㣬ǰǾԣǡ
ЦЦĿɨ˵ǻûж仯˵ڼͿ֬Ĩ۶ٶԺӰ죬עЩ
ȰͿ֬ĨۣǾٴ˼
ˣ˭ͻأ
²ɵﻰʾԽƶ־е⡣
ףźۼתƿ⣬ѧ˰ɣ
¸ǰֻǸźĹƷѧСѡ
ԷûҪԼѻСݣмͷ£·У㶫
䣬ȸˡ
˵ǸΡ
Լţʲôû˵ҲĴϻۣѾµԼһ˵ĿĲΪ̹ʾãǴ֮ٲ
²ⳡƺֻԼһԸ
ڶԷԾǺѣԲŻ뷽跨⡣
ûȥΪʲô֪־϶ֽţֻǾܡ
־ԼǱףչմ˸ס֣οǴСһ鳤Ľá
Լմ׵ģԼķԼҪġ
Īķ̣һİƣ¾ۡ

򵥵֮´־ְ״Ԫߡ
طҽûг
ϣ¿־Է֧߬ƺٸ
𴽽ǣ˵͸ҵٱôҲ£Ըûȥˣѵ͵ģ
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áֱӳ֣ңûȥҲ٣ϾǽҽյװҲ䡣
־ûнӸҧ˴꣬㣬ǲΪ¹ļ仰ͻǲģ
ºȻЦǰ񽲵Ļ׶ģʲôʱҸǰ䲻ˣ
־ͷ΢΢ź졣
ģҪίжί
˵ˣûԲסҵ¶ΪʲôҪ㣿
˵ţǰ졣
־û˲ܿƵغ˰벽
ְһʼ֪־ļƻ鵽һٴҲͱˣϲ廰Ȼ㲻ǾջغҽҲеģɫѾ磬Ǹûȥˣүᵣġ
ûӦֻǿ־
־һۺȻͷµ
¶û˵ʲôѾǲǽãȴΪ˵ļ仰ңջȥ򣬵һ˰ˡ
䣬ӵֻѾ̧˵ϸ۵Ĳϡ
˫۾ˮɡ
ְ󾪣㣡
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һ²˵乫֤׵ļơ
Ļ棬¿ﲢҲûൣ־ͻȻɵ£ЦԵСˣ飬αڴϵôһðյѹҲɣֻܰǵˣʡϾű˵Ļԩ㣬Ϲû֤֤أҪ֣ܵó˵
Ÿ˵꣬󷽱㴫˵ͳɤʲô
΢㶣ͷһ棬Щ⣬ү
£ôؼң
ȥ˱ţʱ˵¥ȡӣ۳ɫ˻ûЩģ˾λԺԼҡ
ûͿ־۽Լϴ̵һĻ¶Щá
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־Ȧͨģ·ί
ԷǳûӸ֤޴ָժĲǣֻתү߰ɣеˡ
տڵߴ⣬־ɨһȦʼû˵һ仰
ǶԶ־ڴɿ̧һΪŶһ㺹

»صϣһʱ˴
ӰûЩء
˵˵ˣôԣ
²ǰἰǼˣҡҡͷոնЩѾˣͳԡ
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Ĭ˺һ˵ҾúǽãȴΪһλɱϧʹ¶ֶʱң¹˶ãҺͺӾ͵һʬ
ԣ浭Įɫ̫ÿ

Ϊҹζ࣬־ձְ̻ؼݡ
һֱ뿪涼ûȷʾԡ¶¼Ŀ
żȻ˶ˣٳЩҲûʲôãԼޣΪѻ
ô˵ģ˭ϼպϢ־ְڻؼݵ;бһ˸̣ˡ
⻰
дԽãΪ˸ºʮĽǴռƪġ

262ڲΣ2

ȵ죬룬޺ϻ˯
ȵѾ˵ǶԽõϢۡ
ԭȵƺһӱó
Ѿ߼ɫԾû˵
ͻͻ̫Ѩȥ

Ѿ缸ʹռҴլֳúǣͷϣָĹְפء
⼸ͷܣΪϵ飬˳Ϊְ׼
ŻѾƻ裬ԴŴʼһ·ȫ
ԺͻȻ
ƿţڴߣֻһյƣ̨ȫϨġ
߹ȥԼ
һֱĬºȻת˫۾λƵĹԵø͸
ǽ£ǲģ
·û͸ŹУԹû
µһ˲˲ϣ棬شҡ
˵꣬ڱһ󳤾õĳĬ
汳վ̨ǰŻӣĶ˹ڽӳԽԵ塣
ڹȫŻת˼ûԷҲź򣬾Ϊ˵һ
ǲģظǰ⣬ɫ΢΢
滹ûлش𣬷Ը˴
˰ںãԼ£ûҪһԵ˼ȥɤѹúܵͣҲøкӿЦ
˻׻߹
潫СƵǰԵϿӡ
䵭Ŀ⣬ʲô£ȳ˷˵
½ӹӣ̲סˡ
ûʳڵĻᣬ˵ͬʱߴЩ÷
ûθڣΪ˸кӣ»С뷹
ʰ꣬СȣĿⲻϣ£˵˰ɣ
Ѿ϶ұĻʹ񻹱˵ʲôķʴһ˿Ū
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æµһ죬Щƣ潫󿿣ʵСϣһЦңʲôԣ

ϣĸȺԣ˵޶޶Բԣ
ͻȻԼЩ˻ʰҪͷҲеǰ취Ϊʲôƫƫ˻ף
Ļش𣬳˳ĬǳĬ
⸱ģŭӿ߬°ڣ̣ĳЩĻŲڳ嶯֮˵ڡ
ʱѾ߽
оү֮أѾû҆£ֱ˵
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ͷһ̷ôѾ߲˸תСųȥػ
ԶĬ˺þõڿڣһĮǻѾٸԭְ˼죬͵ñȥڶûԼҲ˵׼
һ㶣ʲôʱ¶
ͽ졣˵ţ̧ԭŻΪ˸˵£û롭
¾֮࣬һһ룬ٸԭְҲãҲգǶûĨȥ̣СʵܹϣǷһͣ
õĻҲһžˡ
˵˵ģվߣͦεıӰһ¾į
һҹûݣ˯鷿
ƢͲã̯ôһ׮¶Ҳûţԡֱ֮Ъ¡

ʱѾͣϴ䡣
ѾѾ緹
ʱɨԱߵĿյӡ
ְͣÿ϶緹
żȻһ죬ǸԭλˣһʱЩϰߡ
һ䣬Ѿ˵үһȥı
·Ӧܵûٶʣͷʼ緹
ȥ԰ɢ峿ʿĶ˴롣
֮ϵ¶ĸչţ²ò̫һ⡣
ظûݳԣȥ鷿֮һֱͷ֪æʲô
ʶڸԼս
ڳ⸱ȡֵļ¸գԽ
սգȫ½֪±ӵŭǣһ˵С

汻ȥպ
ǰһҹûټ˯鷿ԡ֮ݡ
ѾЪ¡
ս⼸գƺû̫ܵӰ죬ɫɺ˯񾲡
뵽ճǻ
׮̫̫ǰԶµġ
˵ռŵڣǸţӣҲʸȢǹ
ɵʱռ¶һǮתּ̫̫λǹʽؾͲݲݰ¸ˡ
ֻǸܳӣȢ˭̫̫⣬ҪģּǮϵ֧֡
µļױرʵռңһ˵ĸŵĿⷿ
֪ǽ׻滹ûһ¡
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һʼĵȷȷǰɡֻΪֲԼô꣬ûӵйһȱ
ռУʼѧģѧѧǰжеĮ
ֱգŷԼеŬһЦ
Ůѹһ治ȵʯͷ
ʲôô޶ԣϧƸˡ
ЩԲƽϡ
ֻʹְǼϣȻһʱ仳ɵôɴ࣬һ˿ԥûС
ɼһζڡ

浽׻ûݹҹٶȻص鷿ѸʰĶʰãСϣ˯һʱ컹δĸ£Լ˼ӣֱӳȥ
淭ʱѾҪҪС
Ŀ·𴩹Ժǽﻹ˯˶ϡ
Ƭ̺ջߣ˵˾䡰áٴ뿪
ʱ򣬷˼
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ԣɫ΢΢Щף˼ǣЩ˲үһְţ
¸Ҷ췢ģүûзԸκôûĵ¶
ŵֻ߬Ϊʲôҽͣ
һ仰ܽȻҴţս
˶٣ڣүǱ̵Ĳθ˵ˡ

263ͲҪű3

ٺõʳͻȻӿûˡ
ѻ򷢳ȥѾ˱ī㳭ƪĵһ
վſЦ̵Ůˣ΢üͷ𣿻ʲô
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ԷȻ⣬°͵ֻһֲֻû
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⻰ɹһɲõԤУʲô˼
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ң
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䴽ǣ˵һʱӺͿܣҲڴô֪˭ˡ
±ɫЦЦֲϲһ˰ռŸʲô˵ˣôԶүҪȥһز߲иŮź£ͷأģͰĴھǵ̣ú̥ѺүǱߣԻȫ
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ѵĶ仺¹̣˿˲֣ôţ㲻⣬ϲϲӵĵû˭涨ү檣Ҳû˭涨Ҳܽռŵİɣ
дŭүô檶ɣΨ㣡
ΪˣãЦֻҪүϲΣ檣˭ôĶ˾ôЩӣҲǰ״ģүıұȽ˽үҪʲôŮأͲҪֹȥֻ˾˽
ºȻ˵Ļ
ûϲ˭˭Ҳû
Լģȷ˸
ͷԺﲻȻ»֮գͷʱһ˲
ҹûε
ֻǷݸ黹ûüѿͱľڶ塣
ۼǶԸ²õӤ֣ۼԾͷϳʱ򣬶ˡ
ĸλţȫǱƳȥ׵ģ˵ǷãſʬѾˣΪλĹײĶûС
ڶЩˣ̫үǰҲеһλүԺĸ̡
ʱţֺôĶǵĳ棿
үͷλ磬˶ಡүֻһһ֮⣬ȫ檳Ⱥ
沶ҶϱŶ
֮ܶլǱߣÿ춼ŸָϷ룬ֶβ
Ǽ걻˵ԺϴլˣֻԱ
Ĵ󻷾£˭˼ȥ绨ѩ£
Ҳȷ롣
үֻһޣΪʱᣬûаѴ󲿷־ͶŵϣһʶڴеҪԣ᲻ͣլŮΪ֦ɢҶ
Ǹʱ㲻붷Ҳе
ÿÿĹǣĵ׵Ƿ㺱񼸴磬ûҪڳϡ
ǵ˵Ҫһȥ޷ӿǹζ

264ҪĽ1

ƺֻΪ˹С
˵꣬վҪˡ
»סɫƫ䣬ѾдŸۼ̫̫ھ̻ؼݣʱִ㱾ûеֻ
ζסȻ͵ЦһΪڣһں翵
ռûô򵥡û취ŭ˵ӣֻܾȰ
֪һȫȻǴլĸֶЩѺҲǣȥֻҪүңʲôµģ
棡
µͣṴ𴽽ǣֲõĸֻǸ檶ѣôʲôοҪȥǱռҴլ߻ʵԶĵطһ´լǼλȥ
±˱ۣԸͷĻˣ᷿ûҵķԸֹ̤Ű벽
ŮǸ¶˭֪ʲô⡣
үջְָһͳʲôɲûүһӣ
ԼҪ£ûģԼûӸȥҲ׼˸ȥ㻹ˣ
һ֪Լ棬ǱһͨЩۣٸֱûȥ
ԽԽԶ
ĿڷľϣȴѾ޷д
˻ֽż㣬´ӱʼȡ֧Сëʡ
꣬δ뿪ңҲδʸдš
ͷٳ䲻ȥʡ
òд䣬־òףؽֽһԡ
Ѿ߽ʱ򣬿˺üֽš
֪鲻죬Ѿû˵ʲô裬ĬĬֽż
û÷³ȥ
Ѿֻýֽȫѵ鰸ϣȻϢ¡
ëʣ˼Ʈ
뵽Լʱ˳ĬķӦԼ뿪ʱ¶į
֮´۽ޣڼֽдµһ֡

뿪ǵҹݣյĵһš
ֻһаã
һִܸ֮֮ܵ˳õͣ٣ĸ֣ء
ǻ˷µҲһſڵϲ
ǰټд֣ûʽŵķʽ壬֮䵭ĹģʱЦԷǵĸо
ŵĻ̧۽ǣͼԼӿϵΪȫɢ
Ҳ֪Сֺͺˡ
һҡ
ӺùµӲŲѰ
үҪҪ̻طţʹȥ
֪ү鲻ʻ˻ǾܵС
𴽰꣬δ۽üҵãܿʸ»һ⡣
úڼ̥ģ룬»һ䡣
յĻϱֻʣôһ仰ָˡ
·ȥżֽϳ֣ȷʲôûУһ̧ͷŵĻţүûĻ
ҡͷûС
ʣǷҪţ
أ
±Ѿ³鷿ž͸һ⣬˭Ȼô
Ǽдĳ󣬶ˣһʲôѽ
֮꣬ͷһŷʽԾȻֽϵֱʵģ¶һʳԡ
޷湵ͨͨŲݽܴﵽһЧ
Լ˵Ųأһ죬ȴû뿪鷿һֱͣ

յڶŵʱѾ졣
Ỻȥ⣬ļֽóȫĻ
дŵ˵ͶһӶ
˵ûۣԼҪҲǰ˵һ춼û˸Ƶֱˡ
вٸֳűһ⣬
漸ô룬ѾԺعճǸŵСŮˣضһдһ껹ѾдõļֽŶֺ֮ͣڣд
ŭͷƢ˵Ӯʱֺãȡ
ԭʵ¡
Ҫģġƽ⡱
£ǾûľżԼռ̣Ůˡ
ſĩβϸֱһΪõЦݡ
ŵĻĵֵֵߵشŻȥ
Ȼܵ࣬ʤֵá

յĵڶţǲǳ˷ûϴֽ֣йζ
ºκ󣬽һӣ˭˭ﲻźˣ

ǰЩӲŸձ̿屶СӽѧĳϺԤա
Ρ޳ŵʱСһﻹúõġ
ȱ̱ѣͿʼԾˣһһͣ
ӼСһ῿ԼǻںϢ̵ģһ緹Ҳˣòȥͷ
ϴúѸ٣ȿӣָá
СһҲڣСϣϸ˺һ̺ӣżһԡ
¿ȵòأڵ̵Ķžġ
ϴ˼䣬ɲߡ
ڳҩ
ҩ֭ʱһֽ§ڻһСľ׸ιҩ
տʼСһﻹΪʲôóԵģⴥǹɿζܵСһţС첲Сȶã̻ﲻͣȡ
ӽ˼ûá
Сһﲡײߣֱźȿҩί˵ֻһ񣬳ɤ۴ޡ
Ȼ޳żɳƣһְżȡ
ľԽѣòͽ˷ֱȥĹݺͺԺ
ΣСٵûһС
ԺҽΡյϢʱҽû빬ȥ۽Ժѧʿ˵һʱ˻
СһգټϿ˺þãСͨһƬ
ΡѾû̧̧С첲Ҫ
Ρ۰ڷϵҩ룬һ߰Ѷӱ뻳һʣˣ
˵ˣֻǽϺҩһֱޣûιǺιȥһ㣬ҲȫСһ˳
ΡȻ޷ιɣ
֪ɴӺһף˵ҪҸ㱧ţιҩ
ΡЦﲻزˣչ˺
һҪɶģֻܿڣͷأ
ΡһͷĶӡ
ţСһƺ̤ʵ˲٣ûٿ޳ëϻżӣСץϵ·µĲСģǿ͸˿˿ί

265С2

ʱ򣬸ɿ๫ιҩһĻ
б׵ֻСַѾȴǾΡ½Ƥһһġ
ҩܿ࣬Ρÿθιš
Сһպһü£ΡɤһûޣҲûڣԹȥ
վſڣ๫ιҩ춯Ͼ;нʱ
Ϊĸûȫѧôչ˺ӣ£ЩæңȻæ죬¿СһѹûȽȥ٣Űæһ˱һι
ҲǴβòأҩ³ֻһ㣬Ҳûͻָˡ
ΡſվˣСľף³˯Ķӣѹúܵͣȥ֪ͨģ
ף̧ݣҲܣʣôˣ
Ѿ򡣡Ρ˵ȹ۲һ£ջûκκתȥ̫ҽ
Ρ£δü˵仰Сһ۷ϳ׵ӰԭѾѹȥίٶӿһһޡ
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û˵ʲôСһ£ǵ͵Ϳ
Ŷܸоʱȵܡ
Ŷӵı˺þòŰСһ˯ţ֮ˮšëССĶͷϡ
ȣë̫Խʣܳס
ЩһֱڴǰĿⲻϣΡ˵ŻѾ˼٣๫æȻŰɣչˣû¶ġ
ΡŲݸҲ˼٣նٻȥ
๫ִҪ£û˵ʲô
С˵϶ϣ׶š
ûѧʱֲڣǹģ̫ȣָϵüϵķ˿ЩңԼܼһ㱡
Ρһۣ˵ҿžͺãȥѡ
ʶͷԼϴԾǺĹƷǰŵʱȥ˲ٺЩʪ
ӣˮ˸ˮ裬»ɾٻ
˯ǻڵĺϢԾɹ̡
ΡšëȻͷϡ
СһͶ˶΢ܿ˯˹ȥ
߹ͮͮСЩģҪ̫ҽһ˰ɣôСֲòᣬĴվЩġ
Ρףڼ￴Ŷӣȥ롣
û˵ģֻ·Сġ
Ρߺûãӽ۴˯Сӣ񣬡զˣ
˵Ÿպҩ˯£ʱʲô
ӼðֹӳһҲûˣ˵ͲˣǼˡ
ȰѾȥ̫ҽͱ̫ˡ
ɶ̫ҽȻûӴЩˣȴҲ֪̫ҽר˾˿ģҽͷͨҽߵö࣬ۼ뵽̫ҽ𣿡
̫ͣҽǵʹ̫ҽԺģûְڼأ֮ǰڹӼʱΪˡĹϵأһȥľʶˡ̫ҽҽڣһġ
ӿóϱȻȰԼϣΪĸĵģյԹûչ˺ýСô
ǧ˵⻰ǽĸӵ¶ֵͷϣϧÿæûʱ䡣ŴѾܹⲻȥȣСܲסͦҪԸͷǾϱĲְˡ
ܶϱô˵ʼվԼչ˲ܣСӲڲ
¼Ҳû취ֹ˼䣬
۳žͿ쵽緹ʱˣΪĶӵĲ飬ûʲôθڣŵȵɻɣʱһԡ

Ρһˣˡ
̫ҽˡηСڡ
˵ʱʮ⣬ôˣ
η̫ҽǼҸϸ̫̫أȥңûˣۻǼҡⲻ˵СֶˣҺˡ˵֮ǰѾ򿴹զˣ
Ρ๫ȵ˫۾¶ɫ
ջߣæλø̫ҽԼη˵ŻǺҩֻһʱػɫ
ηȰСиͷȵͦɩɩ̫ˣ̫ҽڣ¶ġ
ˡ߹ȥС٣СһϻץܵʱС¿һһֱӳСˡ
ηǲвס
ˡ֣ҹĹСֶôˣ
˯ηһѽܣһŪѣǱºԣ
ûһѧ𣿡ˡ
񣺡ǰûԷƽôӵġ
ʱӽˡηڰ죬ֱӰһ߶ȥ
ĸˡˣͷĸ
ˡŮԷָߣӲֱ˵ȥԼҹŮϣֻܵη粻ƫƫСӲʱǲе㣿

η֪ԼòԣæǰȦסĸ첲¶ֺõЦҴ˻𣿡
ߣզͻȻˣ
ηֽһ˵̫ҽԭڽ̫̫ҹȥˣǵ֪Ժġ
η˵꣬ĿСֶ̾һ˵ɽ⻰һ㲻١
ûʱ򣬽ǸСһֻצһҲвסʲôȥһһ
һԵģҲȫ
̫ҽ֮˵Ƿȣرأǵӣ侩²󣬸ϴ軻ѵʱҪע⡣
֮ǰλ򿪵ķӣò̫׵»һȥץҩԺٸСһá
̫ҽԷ˵ʲôҲϡ
ˡĸͱˣүүйأڲȽȥɣСȥ
ûסˣֱȥ˳ݣԸڷ

266ӣ3

ˡˣȻ³Է
ûýһȥᣬڴǰһ߿һ߳Է
ηûСɩɩк֮ȥ
ɫηһȰο
˼ڣ¿˵ĵҶΪĸʱ˵Ǽٵģ㽫ԼĺӾˡ
ηȻ˻ʼںĹݵתע
Ŷӣѹı¶СӶʳˣܲᣬǼ򵥻˼䣬˵Լ޶ѧȱ֮⣬ͦõġ
η²ߣʶȤر죬԰ʰȥ

˺üëͷϵ¶ˡ
ιһҩ˰Сһ𽥻ָЩûټ˯۾ģ׻Ŵ˵ЩĻ
һ죬Сǡ
ǰӵѹŮеһӵ¶
η˵ȣȥϳɵףŹȥãʹСˣôģ
˵ʱߣԸɱ𲻵¶ִ˼ңҪǲ˼Ҹž͵ø๫檣ʱеŮ
ηԣ˼
ˡѪӰԼҲ˵檡
仰漸ּη
һ£浽Լһ죬ź̫̫һֹˡ檣кܴˡŮˡ
η뽫ԼҪŮ˹һ򣬶ˡȻ˱Ů֮;˵Ӧ
ǴСµط󣬻û˭ҳ֮⻹ңηǱʶûйҡĴڡ
һѣжʱҲôȥǰ취ǰСסԼżҵĵλС
̹˵꣬ȻˡճദҲһԲϾź̫̫ûӹû̹
ͺ統˵ģżңھֱѬȾصĵطҵ
ź̫̫ĺʵĴмġ
ηԣֻҪӺùӾӣĸŮ˼޵żҲþôһ⣿
ڻس̵ϣηἰ˺ӡ
ˡտʼûӦȷӦе£ֱ֮㶵سηϱǰ˵ʲô
ηۣʲôû˵
˵ӣԲԣˡס֣ǲˣ
ԭͦĻôһôأ
Լ֣ηһؽɷ򣬡ұ죡
Ƕƫˡһüˣ˵Ҫӡ
ηбҪһһ˵
ҶӣҶ˭˭ˣ
Ҿ;ʲôһ飬ò
ˡͻȻ°֮³ϱҲҼϱǡ
ˡ
оϻô˵ţвضˣɼ˲ŻῴҸʲô˳ϲҲ
ȥ

Ԫѧʱûֲ֪ˣѾ١
ؼҺ󣬵һʱȥ̽
Сһ׵ιϡࡣ
죬¶С
Ԫ״߹ȥСһǰõûСԹϡ
һ˲٣ССҲϣ˶ʱġ
ԱСԴøɣץͳŸӡ
ԪʽĴΡ˵ҩѾָ룬ɿźֱȥ
ˮ߸ϴѡ
ԭвͣһӵԶֻ֣ҵתעˡ
Ԫʱע⵽
Ԫˣ۲ۣ

2671

£Ҳò׼ıȻǲҢǰ¶ݡ
ԷٵվռˣӴĶˣҪ鷳
ûеһʱܾԪ˵Ҫȥ
ڴֹϣû˿ǵȫǲŵĺá
Ԫͷתͷۻضᡣ
ΡѾι࣬ϸСһ졣
ԪȥԺûŤֱӰǰ˵Ļظһ顣
ΡĬƬ̣ʲôʱ
ǵͬˣ
ΡһҺնڼңɣ
ĴӦôˬ죬Ƕˣͷ𣿡
ΡЦʲô
ҢϾռˡ
ȻԪҲ̫ռˡִ壬֪Ǹгννģ
һϣҢܶģһ棬ֲռ̫ìܡ
뵽ԪйҪ˰ɣȥ
޷Ρֻ

ϴ·صᣬһ߲һŶӵΡԪ˵Ң¶û
Ρף˵ˡ
ôص
Ҳûʲôá
Ƭ̵Ĳ죬Ťͷô˵
в⣬תһ룬๫ôˣľһԼĿ
˵ʱǷ֮ѰҲܰ๫ʲô뷨𣿡
Ρ幰д̽ңҢռұȾ֮ĺӡ仰˵ಢǷǣǰҢģһ֪ưոݡ
Ρûи幻˵ں֮ǰѾжһΣʱշҢΪ跹˼ûȥӼࡣ
ಪȻŭ˲̽Ϣ
ֻΪ֣ǰȫɱˡ
ˣŻΪ˱ͱɽúࡣ
ɼһб򣬶ԴҢߣϲһ඼֪Ůˡ
ͬʱҲ˵Сӵƿǿ
Ңͣδػᶮ
ϣбҪۼһ࣬ýЪǷ˼
ϸζΡĻʮе
ٿʱȻȻһ⡣
ȻÿΪԼѾʱܱøԶ
Ϊ곤ʮꡣ
Զϲϵʮν̬ܻȳȻȥӦԣʲôķʽ̬ȥܸõıԼ
±Ρ͵ֻ̫ܴ࣬һϸܵǷݶһ޶İȫУעǸȫˡ

Ңڴμҡ
ŶӵĲ飬Ρ˼ûš
ԪȰҢȥǰԸ˲衣
ҢŲյƽﱻ׵̫ûʲôʵ꣬˿ϲ¶»ӦĽŸС
Ԫ˵ѾȥԺ֪ͨˣٵȵȡ
Ң˼Сʣλ̣
ԪЦһ֪ˡ
ģɵĻشɸ
ûˣҢһѾƽ

ҹҩ˯ϼʱѾȥ룬ѵ磬˺һзιһҩСһҡ˯㡣
Ԫ˵Ңˡ
ϵı̺תͷ˵û
˵ˡԪͷȥǰ
ԸȥһѾ
Ԫߺȥ˼ᱡȹӽ󣬵˼̧š
Ρûߣڴ
һۿֱͦıӰЦЦҪǸ˵ʲô𣿡
һӡƺԼڵ˳ߵλϡ
ԼǸδȫĺӡ
Ρ۵Ц⣬ȴûʣѵҪ˵ʲô
ҭһ£Цô
һǰһǰ
ҢĳطͻȻһĨٻӰ˺ЩӵĹŶǹ޸纣˴硣
ҢֱӾв豭ˤڵϻ֪
˫۾ϡ
ֻ溬Ц⣬Ÿθߴ˽Ỻݡ
ǸŵˣǵȥĹݽΪλ
ͻȻи󵨵Ĳ²⣬еȴϲ÷·̼䱻˳ա
Ңʧúԡ

ԪһƺǷҢĵ׽һ˿ҡ
ӿʮԣЩԳܡ
ȻͷҧŴһ仰û˵
ǰæչ˺ӣүõˡΡ֮󣬶Ңشк
ƽͻȵɤ˲֮޷Խľ롣
ҢĿŶڵΪʰյԪһţʹЩΪȦ΢΢ź졣
ԼƭˣԹԷͷϡ
ԪȥۼϺõĲҶ¸үϡЦŷԸ
ԪӦȥ
ҢȻסˣҲʡ
үͷһǼңܲܵ㡣
Ңѭȥ
ԷݣԾϤģǶٴεġ
ȴһԣЦ̡
ͻȻںĹݴ⣬Լ˭ʱ˵Ǽˡ
ˡ
һҲǼˡ
ǸʱȻɵǲ塣
뵽ЩҢϸһį
ԥþã׻ʳڣŶ㡭ͳ𣿡
ͷΪ㣬ֻܰɹĹݡ˵ţ¶ǸЦݣүĵط¡
ֹᡣ
ҢЦҵ
֪ӽôȥ޴ŵĸ顣
˵С̰Ľٶá
ѻ飬ԸҲԸܵʵ
ǰڳ˺һΡڣүǶ꼶ѧɣ
Ңһͷ
Ρ˵ԪսȥߵýҪвĵطүߴͽ̡
塭δ˿ˡҢǿ˳ǣĿԱߵŲִֿһջӿ
ΡƺĻش˵ᣬǸö໨ЩѧʣȡճͷΪ㸸׷ǡ
⻰ССͲҪЩġ
ҢԴһ̵飬ֲǰջ

뿪μҵʱҢվڴ⣬ͷһۣȻԪ
ǶԪʵش
ֱһҢؿڣǿԪ˱ʻԶ
Ԫ۾ƨɣֱҡͷ⺢ӣҪˡ

268ӦҾͳҵУ2

⻰øʧЦԼСüأô˽кӣ
ԪһȻı飬￴Ңһǲ¶ġ
ƾղǰƣʲô˵ǳȵȫѹҢ
ԪȤζ룬ԼҪǸŮˣ϶ѡţ˼дϵꡣ
Ȼƣչ鲻ϸˮӵѡ
ңС̫ãʺ
ⲢܳΪɡԪƲƲ졣
û취ʮԪֶͣеʱþôĪ
ҿҢӣӦͷһζԹҶģȽĿĵļ޸ΡҪöࡣ
Ȼݴ⣬ʧȥǡ
񲢲һڸҰȻɳʮĵһ֪һǹӼƽʱܻи˴򽻵ʱ
ϵġɡԴﶼǷĸоֻ˳ߣΪӽԺԵ̫ࡣ
Թ־ٶɵ档
뿪ķпϣս⿪Ľᡣ
ȻǰǷûжҢ˵ͷĻɾôѪܵʵ̯ǰǸԳܵһ
͸½һһã׾ͰܵĴŤɸٰ

תŵʱԪҲһûԹҸεʱ򣬲³ŵһ㣬ŵڵ⡣
ԪԾؿҲøŵ𣿡
ЦЦǲǾұˣ
ԪûȻĬϵĳɷ֡
˵ŵ̫Ļ˹ȢẦ
ԪǺܶ
ӣ룬ûм޸Ǽةฮұ΢ĳǳļʶֵطϼ죿
ǼҲܸةฮȡԪ˵ò̫ǡ
ûԽģ㲻ܸةฮȣܸøٽײ˼ұ˰ɣǹӼҪ濼˳ϢˣȢֲʶѾͷ𣿲˵ãǸӴʶֵİɣֹ㵽ȥڳ𣿼һɲŵڣ
Ԫǲ˵ҪǻףΪʲôڼҴӷĹܣûûֻܿŬǰ꣬Ҳ֣˵Ҫˣʱ˰ͽĸ߹٣Ҫ֪ͬӴֲʶһ˼һô
Ԫˣ
ûǲңҲǸľ׮ӣԼ뷨ϺȣΪԼΪȦЦ
˶٣ô˵𣿡
ԪƶǶصͷӦˡ
ӦǣЦ
ôģԲԡ
ţ˵
Ԫ˻ڣȢŵ̫ĹҪôĳЩϰﲻңֻϺȡҪôΪҶͷЦһ̶ȵ˺ô˼ɣ
æֻΪ㽫ȢŵԵĹ㲻˶õĹ£˶£ػҪеġ
Ԫŵͷ˵ȫˡ

Ңصةฮȥˡ
Ң˵壬ȥͬ档
ߣӸǰ㻹ѣֵµ˶˵ˣȥμҡ
֪ʣҢܲãѵõĸ졣
ؼ˼Ѿף˰ɣ
Ңһ飬ô֪ģ
ӣɵǵ¶֪ܲ
Ң
˻ֹ֪ΣҪҶһëҾҲȥӼ࣬ڼҾʳˡ
ӣΪβ㣡
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մȥš
ûйͨѾߵҢԣüʲôʲôѾߣҲҪ
ҪҲɣʵڼҴţٸμܣϸӴȡ
Ңۡ

룬ͷ˻Ǯȥȥ
ܣҪһ˾Ңʼˡ
ΪŮ˳ҲϢˡòᡣ
ʲô취ҢȫǵŴġ
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ҢվԼǰСѾߡ
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ֻϧûһܿ۵ġ
üմæĸҪĲþֱ˵ı׼ȥѡˡ
ĶáҢŲĿ⣬ſſûʲô񣬡ҾǲҪ
Ҫġմ
ҲҪҢǾܾ
մ̰Ѿ˳ȥԼҢ£ϸҲϴСˣö¶ȥҹΪãĸޣǱ⾩ͷ˼ҳǧС㡣
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ҢƵصȻҾԹͷǸﻹҰͨѾͷҲϲҲҪ
ֻҪ飬Ѿ߲ҪͲҪһȥ
ٸ˵˵׼˺μˣҡҾͳҵȥҲˣ
⺢ӡմ׼Ϲ˵㽫ҪΪٵˣôܳң

269죨3

ݡ
ԴǰúҤ̮¹֮û˸ҽӽĴɽɽסһԷޡ
éᣬʯݻ
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ݵؽԶϢھֵ÷зİӣԺȻвִȴ˾֪
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뿪ڣ˵ȻΪΪδĺиֺ̣γһ׮
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óǳڻڹΪǸԭûκѪԵϵĶ
ţۿʪ

½ۼٻԭڴµûӰ
ʶؽţỽ
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Խ룬½Խľ
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½ǰĲӶסͷһ֪ʲôʱһҰԼ
ԭüչ½ǳЦ⣬ȥˣ
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á
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жݣж°ٲ½ҶүҲǳΪ˭˼ɡ

ɽ·½۷ߡ
ʵԼԵģֻ˹ֽţҲ
˼ң½۵һʱöҽİҶ
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½Ȼûϵ˼Ƭ̵ɫ̹Ȼػûиʲʣֵֵֻáú뱲ӵٻ󻻵üʮ徲Ҿûʲôֵ
ҴŲ³ĥʲôˣȥ߾ҽ˱ȨҾûȨ
ҵΪ޵һʮ꣬ʮÿһ춼ôģ᲻Ҳ
ڣȨΪԼһ
Ŀ𽥱ͣҵĹ⣬Ҳʱˡ
ˣЦЦҲߣ֪ʵ뷨ѣһ˵㲻ңһûܽأҪˣҺӳ˭еȥ
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½ϴҩȥ塣
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СԺһŷӷ䡣
ݣԷҲ
֪пûͷ
ԺſڣſһֻĿСƹŵӼĿҩζؽһߡ
ҩã½ȥݡ
Ѿ֮ǰĻãⷽóòƿװˮС߹ޣ˫ҲܽҰõЧ˵һȥֻ˵ˬ
ҩˡ½۽ҩϣڰŪҰ˻һ
߹޷ŵϣʶСת¡
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½ҪҪ۽ҡͷ˵ãûô

ڰº½ȥ˷ɽڳףϣСͻȻһҵʹ
òԾŻطһ
Ѫ˲ɫҰס

270̫ױס1

½۴ӷɽּղ̫Ծ
ԭʱѾ̴ȫû뿪ʱſԺűߴ˯Ļƹֱվ˩߲Զֻת
½üͷһӿٶԷ
ڴϣϰ׵üѪɫҶһԣָϡ
ôˣ½ʡ
ҶڶͷкðӵķʣشòḀ̊́ĻڣĸǼ˺죬²óⷽ棬𷣡
Ϣķ½ɫ̫ãûȥ򣿡
ȥˡҶڵһȥһˣȥоĸˡ
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½۵ľǿһЩƿƤۿЩ죬ΣһҪסӡ
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Թ㡣½ۺȻڣɤ˵ĵƣͻУͰŲСķգ汣סֻ⺢ӸԵ
⻰˵Ķ¡
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ûһԼĺӣⱲź¡

ԶһʱϲǸﶮⷽϸȵ
ԭӦĽţͦо飬û׼ܿ
Ȼ˵ʱЩһ
ֻڴϣȻԷ˫۾ʮָӡ
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˼ſڱֹ˲Ƶϣ¶š
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£ССéݱ˶ݵĳš
½۷Ӧ˼Ӧǰľˣæ
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½۲ֱ˭İ˼ұ̥ģ
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ѾʼԻС΢͹
˼ȥϸ֮̽̽Ϊϱӣ̾ѹʱʱظʹ죬ӵ̥λЩͣе㲻ע׳¶
ŵа취𣿡
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򿪵ķҲܻһĿǰ֢״󣬻ǵÿԸ˼ҿ½ۣͻеĲûУֻǲɣϻ̥λƫͺӲ̫ױסҪô㲻ȥô˵
½дˣԼȥԷ
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½һһ£ٿ򷼻ʱĿϧ
½۵ߣ˳ǣοû¶

ϴֹ˵˼仰½۱˼ҳԷκϣԼֵæŸӼҩֻҶڰæ˸ͻȥ
ҩã½۶˵ǰյߴ˴
һѰס򣬡ˣɣ㻹ǺúŰɣιȡ
̧ۿϸҩ龰ͷ΢΢ů
Ⱥҩ½Ҵ֮ǰڹźѾͷǼź㣬Σ
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ЩȣϷ˻˵ЩҲӺ

ļ죬½۲ɽÿڼչ˷
ȻסĵطªЩڳʳϣ½۸ޣðȥسѼ⡣
չ˵þˣԼҲǿѧȻòô
ÿٶܸӵضЩ
ĲֹѾߣһ֣ȫ֮ǰϵˡ
ڣϴĴֻҲֲ½ӵͷϣǰ̣ûµʱ˽ɽȥԣżԵöǼҲȱǮҪȥȫӡ

2712

̲ûаѷڴɽ¸κˣڷԴڼ䣬أһر˼һ˼
֪ׯ˼ҲףǹⲻȥҪǮ˼ûգ˵ǱģǮͲô¶ˡ
ֲ˼ҳ˶ٷ֮Ҷͻȥ˲ٲƷ
źܵúã·ݴһЩ̥λԸȥÿڷżܳɹɹ̫ɢɢ
һеǰ½۵š
ԽأԽһֻȥɢɢ

һΰ˸¹ȥʮ¼ĳϷ
½ΪԷһѾǰš
˶࣬Ѿʱ½۴˺ü䷿СԺģ˺Ͱ϶иŵĵط
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֮⣬½ۻѾһҹ
ŵôϸȫҪǿǵףһû˵׼ͻ¡

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½
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СѾߺ͸ˣҲһֱĲ˳ƺ
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½ƽֵ֪ܵ뷨֮ûἰǻȥ˵ĶǶʱ侩Ƿ¶
½ƽ˲ԣֻ˵ЩʵҪģڸĶҳҶ̣һֶᡣ
Ѿ˽ѵæ̽ѵǣūһúüš
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½۵ֻǰЩ֮һֱڴǰ˷Ǯ¡
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½ݸǼҲвˣʱѾߺͰȫҲܰˡ
ͷҲǡ
˵ŻҶڵ𣬡ӣǻʹˡ
⻰
µôҪͶͶƱƱ

272½3

̫Ů·ݣţֻѾʼƮѩŵӰ·飬ʶǷŽղŵٶȣøŶԡ
½ԣƿţҶȡ˽
˵ǻʹģûжֱӽ
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̫һֱ֪Ůô֮ĹҲ١
յǻֻ̫ʱΪ½壬ټ뾩ǰһе֪ŮһЩûš
룬ѾǲԼڻдЩʲôݡ
½۾Աߣƫͷ㿴żϵݣڵſɵúúûأô˵ø˼ұϲ
Цף֪
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鲻·ŲĽᣬƺòôҪ
ҶڰŲڷֽʣڴϱѻдá
һش̫⣬˵յŵǸСӣүȡ
˵ʱûϾһĸˣٳһЩðȥ

ܷҪһǷޣ޹أ̫㻹ĸ

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жɷҵҹ͵øҳϣʼղףʲôùִģԲ֣ôѿڣ

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Сһ³£Ӫϣĸ㣬سȵ£Ѿǰװֵķ̶ˣ𵱳Ľй֮޲

273̰ԵĽ1

Ρ֮ǰҲ̫ͬһʱȥݡ
µʱԶھǵյĻš
˵˸ӣĸƽȡ
Ρţһʱ
ŶԺ档
һĽѧ˲˷һСΣΪƽ̫·֮͵õ۾ضţСһ˾ԭͲ
˵ѶӱһţӹΡеſһۣοЦȻǸӣɵصƿˡһСһ֣½ϣѧã½·
ԴˣΡûκۣĿת
캮СһԴϴŷñϴ˼Ӻް޿㣬СѥǷˮģƽʱöķצӱ¶š
´ཱུģԶſſԲĴԲ
Сһﱿצ첻ȥץѩץֱȡ
ӵͼֵͷûץ
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꣬񣬻ҰܵǸΣ֪Ǽһүδ֮ìܸ鷳ʵͶ·һȥָᱻ뷨Ӵȥвү񣬾͵㣬ΣһӣүϾߡ
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278ָ1

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μңûðȥ̽ԼҸϵϢհϢ˵Ժջأͷõû٣ǲʲô档
ϸ룬ƺ˰ůûʲôǷҪɵģҡҡͷ
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μʵڼªԶԼҸϣӲӦ
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οʱͬˣԺӱգʧСֱȱǮʱȻٴִš

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æͣǱˮԺҵһʱͰ˹ȥ˭룬һˡ
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280ָı3

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һۣϽؽȥ˵һʲô
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ûͷ𱡴ǰܹٻӵܻǻ˺ԺȻѾ˹٣˳츮æǼ׮Ҳһ顣ռ֦ͬȻ۸κһͷּҶ꣬ܵҾôһ󣬴ӦǲӦ
ࣺǼˮǱѾȥ϶⡣
Сı󵹲⡣˵̫࣬û˻˼
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ݳаɿฮǱûΪɣ
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Ժ󣬻үΪСĵҰŵġ
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˭ϵҹ۲̤ͳ⣬ͻȻʣùµС֪ͨۡ
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๫ô죿ǲģϾҪˣҿɲڹϳ¶
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ĥһҹûΡǾ仰ĥףѾ˯죬ûʣڶһ԰ͳԺ˵˵ģӼйҪð᷿һ飬ͷеĶûµġ
һǵû϶Ǯ
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˭ǲӣڿͷﱧŽԵЩĲɣ˫̥ӣһŮʮ¾ͳ˳ֺá
Ȱ˵ŮҲСԸܾѽ
ҪǸСŮҵûżû뷨ҶļˡôӣҪ˶ﲻŹ֣ʱͷˡˣӻܺù
Խ룬ӾԽڰη޵ȥ
졣ǶŮСⲻǻûҶûżȰԸˣο
еŮ˴ڽӴȻżˣҾôŮܲԶ𣿡

˵Ӯţɴల߶

лΪΡ檵¶ӹŮе֪ʱЩЦΡʱ򣬴Ȥ㵹Ǻø֣ȥһȺй
Լ֪Ρȴģϣùܹ۽˾ˣô˾˵檡
ڶԣֻǾͨЦΡô׽ܡ
쿡ʱ˿̵ΡԵùϰ壬ܰľš
ٴ仰Ϊ˳ӵľְԼΡһ˿̬ȣ˴Ц⣬ɴͷֹΡδ¾ȥæЩˡ

꣬Ԫֵ׼ظԵѧá
ΡзԸ幣ˣŲȥһݣζɼҴӵ
Ҫ֣ϵԭԼһ˵ģΡûã˵չ꣬·ߣȥ
֪вסȥΡſһ˶ʮ軨Ժһֻѱĸƶ
֮ǰ±ϵĻڸлҵģԼԺ˶ʮ裬еæûἰϼҵ¡

ָûھǹ꣬˳ק˻ȥǰŮһǮҴˣҪģֻּܻҲȱô
Ź͵ȥĶȫߣǱߣٲҪǮð죬ָǮû档
һ磬֦ǿʼæѳõģܰģᵽͷȥ
±ŰůվڱջٵԺ
ǰճ²þɣֻΪͷѩûô죬ͣ˹ڣڲһ롣
²ȫˣܼһڸϣ֮ԺɽȣйܼҼල
ĵͻ
תͷ
£ӢͦЩ¸ߡ
Ψһ˫ۣ˸оЩ΢ů⡣
үµЦŴк
׼û߽ȻȻеĺӡ
׼ģǶѾ׼ȫûʲô׼ġ˵ֻҪˣ
ĿʼûƬջٵϿ
ûǳ𣬵˵УѾõʱжա
û·ʱߣźġ
һ֮࣬¸оδ֮ڿڵΣ˶٣ص̼ңǲүָʹģ
̼ʲô淴ʣǳǳЦ⡣
ҭһ£˵ֻңǲǼҵģ
ûشָ˸ļͷǸܵϵĵüšˡ
棡յص
ÿһʱܻżֽݡ
Ц˶ˣЩʲô
̼ңҸдŵģԲԣ
ʵ࣬²ϰݡ
ܾǶЩ˵ĪȴƲʲô
ֳϣûǿдš
֮⣬дŵ¶ȫԸģĵˣ
뵽ʱ˵ҪȥʱԼķӦ΢΢̣˰벽ͷǵף
ýȢӣôף
⸱Ȼͬʱָе˵ҧݹأҪ֪֪ҾͲдˡ
߳ŭ۵ЦŨҪ֪㵱Ͳͬޡ
¿ڵĻᣬ˵ڣ㻹õԼжٷ
µü˫ֱŵСѾͷں˫۵תƶԵﳳܸܺȤӡ
ͷΪѩɰĹŮɢȥ롣
ٿʱͷѾûǰ⡣
ɷϣ˵үʱرڴһ̣˵ԼʱʲôܣֻǾò·ʱ·ֻ֮Ҫ˳֣̻̲ľܵõ
΢ĸо޷ġ
֮ʣ¸оͷһůƫͷһ治֪ʱѾ߻طȡ˼Ըϡ
ѹͷů⣬µʱμҼգҪˣŵл𣿡
⻰
ƼнġũŮ
׵ĸĳԭϣҿְŰ޸Ǯ׬
òķװ׹ã
ǿ+Ůǿһһһnξϲһģӭģ

287Һˣ1

ռүңΡЩ⡣
ֲ˽ӵǰ۱
μұеĸҪСö࣬ûһӡ
һϮɫ佻쳤ۣĵݣϰ֮ˣԷ϶˶˵صˬ
ռŵڣű΢ĳûֳˣǱʶڶŲСĵִ

ߣ浭Ц£εãֻΪлչ󸮶ӵ֮߶ŵδ˰ɣ
Ρߴϰ˶дŲ˵ϡ
ռүͷû˵汾ˣΡͷһμ
һ£ǰ׵׺ɫ߰ʽѥˬװ
Ѱλ£Ρڣռүһᡣ
洽΢һֱ浱մú󰸵ľǺεֻϧûݷãյһδ˵еĲ̫һ
Ρܻú󰸵Ļ⣬ĳܺ棬ԼүĿǸʲô󡣡
潣üЩ˹ְȻʮˡ
̴ٵĵЦ̧Ρ˵ӰúƯ
룬˸ͷ
ְͣһ귣ٺ꣬˿Щʹʧأ
ΡŲ裬ĳΪүʽġ
δ޸֮ˣ佫㽻棬ʤ֮䣿
·ûϵԷһšݡΡȲĶһ١

ȥûμҶ̫á
Ρ԰ͳţԷģĿıӰʧڽֽǲŻͷ
ѾʰҪߵļʲ±Űůվڴ⣬Զǰû˷ֱʣôˣ
ǰΡΣ䴽꣬ѹүϣλδˣȻһ֮
ûɣ±ȽϹ
ǱԴǸ֣渹Цһ£ô
ûѲǴܣ
棺
ǣţ߹䣬ôȣ
΢ŴȥμԺŰůС˯һεϻԺΣŵ˯ȫ޲˵ԺӰ϶ҴˣֱӰѺӱͷվš
û׷ʣϳԼȥ͹ܼҽһ֮ۻ
Уûһ
¸Ų˸λãЦŻСѾͷ˵ٻů·ˡ
ֻ꣬̾ϧûܸӡ
ݸȥ˱еǻ
һ£ȴûϡ
ϲСŮҲ׶Ӳ֮ûĸ˲θܴڽӴĶӡ
Լ治´۶ﲻϣĵһŮ˴͡
ҲʹӦߵҪԭ򡪡겻棬мܷı̫ˣû׼ڸдŵʱɵһŮˡ
ǰˣܰƵʱʱ檵׼Ըдô
ڣ̼дţԼ˼޴ŵ¶״̬
ֱԺŻ
꣬ûһеϣͻȻߡ
ۼ⽫ɶԼΪʱֻ;УʶԼ
Ͼûô˯ãҪҪ˯ߴ͵͵ɤ
»عĿײ˫ڼżŵīͫ
һ£ҡͷ˵á

ݡ
ӭӴѾĲѾˣͣڴڣζɼңȲȵΡ
ԭΪֱӰ˸ߣѾͷѹͲ⡣
ϱ˵˵ƤӶĥˣѾǲ
ǼԺӲ̫󣬶ϱѵŮһǽݡ
ȥٻ㲻⣬ôţң
ѾĲ˿ʾԸûȥֲ֪ɶģɶǵȥ
ϱɸ֣Դ꣬㵹ã͵ĻǰװϹҸδѾȥҲȥȥҲȥٸҸҽа壬ҲŮ
Ѿʱǰ˾ǲҪҲŻȥǸŵģҲȥǲȥ˭ٱңҾҳߣ
ĸŮ׳ѾѾŵһһקζɵû֨
ʶϱȵŮϵİ
Ųֶ˶
˼¶ò죬۳̬ң赣δѾƼɳʲôɵζɵүȥȰȰɣ̫̫Уôȥ̥ɲá
ү̫̫Ρģ֪ζӶж⡣
ζԭľ׮ƵĴĻŻ˼񣬽ѾѾȥ̧żȥݡ
Ѿ˰ڵϿĨᡣ
ϱŭۣؿһһ
ζż״˵䲻ǣ۾ŵϵĴѾΪãզǲأ
ѾӾ󣬡͵˼ҲΪҺã
ζüʲô˼ңһˣ
δѾЩ궼û嵱һˣܰҽȥôˣϸųֵܡ
δѾ
û˵꣬ͱϱŭϣǲҪҽа壿
ѾûػԽԡ
ãõúܣ㲻ȥǣȥ޸ڴӣҿܹɶ
Ѿˣԭڵϵ˸Ϊһ߿һ߻Ŷϱĸ첲ܰ׬ǮһģߺòãҾڼ
İֻϱһͣûϢĶ
Ѿɵζȥĸҳ˲˵ģΪ㽫ܹϺӲŻŰȥǣɶõģǹүǼҲԲڸǰźȥ˾С㣬ƾĹϵҲ˼ң
Ѿû뵽Ҳô˵˺ݣֱ̻ϼ޸һӴɽҲȥôԶĵطҪ⣬ʹҺˣ

288ƭӣƭӣ2

ϱ⻰òᣬźͷľͳŴѾк
ζȰȰֻš
Ѿ޵ӵֱܡ
ζҪȥ
վס
ϱһַһָζɣ¹ܣҵҪңȥģ
ζǰûסŮ浣ĴѾ嶯֮ɵ¶Ҫһǰ˸һɣ軹أһ˼Ҫˣ۰ȥ
ϱԣû˵ԵĻ
ζɺܿ׷ȥȻĴңûŴѾӰ
һֱϣѾû
ϱһǻŭ𣬳Ӹ˶ٷ֮Ϳʼۣ亹ŴŵشӶͷϹ
оˣһƣ֪Ƕ̥
ζѾˣż۵ֱкһæզˡ
˵̥ζɣûгŴеĻϽȥһֹ̫̫ۣٵȥ¸̥ѱ
ζһ°תܣ·ˡ
˼ܵͷɶ¶ˣżæŵȥ
ζɼ򵥽˼䣬˵ѾܳȥûԼＱö̥Ҫȥ
˵ˣܲǰæȥҴѾ
˶Ρ¹ģСæȻ᲻
ζߺ󣬼˻ؼҵ͵ƣȥҴѾ
ϺӴиŴζɺܿ뵽
Ŵ˵Ƕ̥ǰ׼üҩ˴ҴҰóϱˮ£ٻȥԸЩҩζɼϡ
ֱŵģ°ҩˣнӹɿȣүǳȥҴɣҩĻͺˡ
ζĶӣĹŮϵĲңＱûջǣȴû
迴ү
ζɻګګӦҡȥҡ
꣬յ͵ϣҴȥ
ϱҩûֺЩҩӣȶһҧŭĴŮ
̾Ѿʮ꣬ȻԸ뷨̫̫˳ˣǸҵģȥǣӲҪ˸ȥǱߣԼҲʹ졣
ϱĿϣ֪ôĶлʸ֦˳ʺĵطɶһӿ࣬СĲɣ
̫̫ǱˣźòȶһҪһأӿѱ
ϱץŭɣŭѹͷ𣬱ץӸһܡ

ζɳȥû͸æ˵Ǽλˣֿͷȥҡ
Ӹ﹡ҵӱߣִӺӱҵӣִѾڴǿôš
ﶯ̥͹ζɽŵˣŮϸߣð͵ᣬյϵˣѾȥɶؼҡ
Ѿû
٣Ѿͷ˻֪ĻϵϹɶأҴȥô˵Ҳģﲻһʶ
ҲȥǣѾһ˵ʹſǻˣٱƣҾʹȥ
ѾͷզôأһԵĴֹﶼöˣ㻹զģȥ帣棬ǰƣ
Ѿ˵ﶯ̥
缸ζӵĵһ̥жӣѾʮ꣬ǲ
Ϊ̥ʱ³֪

ѾջǸζɻ˼ңһ۳ڿϣӵĿҩζѾûסٴ
ϱ۶֪˭ˣͣʲôһûأ
ѾͨһڵϣǴѾãѾԸܳȥ
ϱŭԹԸŲȥǣҾͲƽϽϵ£ҪٸܣҴ򲻴ȣ
ȥȥˡѾһ߿ޣһϿͷ
һޣĻϱؿŭɢȥ
ʮĶѾ޵òӣվȻ㲻ȥҪҰɣ
ϱͷŶȥôԶĵطɶ
Ѿ죬ع棬Ϊɶȥ
ζæѶѾ˵պҩ
Ѿͷǣĺȥ
ͷĶԻĲ̫ף˼ˡȥ˾ǣͲóµظɻҲ㣬˵ţźǣÿܳÿѣ˳һС㡯
Ѿʱ룬ƾʲôܹô̹ӣԼȴֻܴµѾͷ
Ŵ֣Ըվȥǡ
˭룬ѹͲͬ⡣
ѾίˣƾʲôѽСȴˣ
Ѿ֪˼
ζֻߴѾǴġѾǴ㣬ضȼޣ޵ȥȽѾѾˣŮΣһһطɳɽȥ
ڣСӸյϹүһ̫࣬ãܰһ㲻ˣҪٶһŷⲻɡ
ϱⷽ棬ǱȽ֪֪֮һڳԳӣµѾѾС˭֪Ѿɶû׼ʱԼᣬžʹӰ͵ȥ
˭û취մСӵĹ⣬ȻֻܴӼŮ֣ͲźСܶμҵŮԹۡ

ζɲδѾϾĿȥúôѾ¡
Ѿݺ˺һͨ
˯һһſ
Ѿʱ򣬶Ѿⷭ˸ǻһ
ȥǹӣأɶأ
ȥ㵹ǰλó
Ѿ֪Ѿͷ룬ϴ˽֮Ͽƿ˯
Ѿ˰ΣûѾ˵仰Ťһ£ŴѾ㣬治ȥǰ
ѾѾڵùǺˣֻһ
ͱȥ£Ѿ⣬һͳȥһȥȵ﷢֣ҶѾ·ˣǻզ
Ѿ̧ۿƽˣ˯
ˣѾĹĵԸ˵Ĳȥǣڸ취
Ѿﲻͬȥġ
Ҫ˵²ǵﲻͬ⣬㱾ȥ帣λãߣװʲôװ
Ѿ޻˵ĬĬ۾
컹δ˴ȥݺ͵֮󣬸Ų̤Ͼ·
Ѿ֪ѾˣֱޣѰٻ˵ȥˣǵߵ߶ߣƭӣƭӣ

289˦Ӹ˭3

˴뾩գպѮڼҡ
缸ͰѶߵʰһˡ
ԭǰѾѵģǵ̫ûȥСͳߴ磬ֻЩʱ˵Ĳϻš
֮ǰȥ˸
סμԺٳҹص˭ֺԼɫ˺ܶࡣ
֪ΡиֶŮҪ¶ĽǼҿ֡
лǱףֶŮףǸϵףΰѴֶŮҲܶӴˣʶ
ȻСﵽˣμ̫̫Ů£ǵ̡
μôЩʱգȻݹϵٸǽӴܴ˵ճиоܰΡÿ찴Ͱѧѧãˣһӻһȫ˵ĳʳ̫үϲŪݶȸ̫̫һ˫۾ȫ춢СϣһҪϴ軻ѣһҪιһҪ
ѰͨС֮ҹӣÿ춼ģʽû̫
ɾֿѰġѰþþĶɵ

ͣμҴ⣬Ȼͷ˵˾䣬ǵˡ
û˳Ҳûظһ顣
ѾڵϣȥԺŴϵ˫սɿɿսд˾ᡣ
׼鿴ʱ򣬴ѾӴȥ
Žŵ˫ۿǰţͷһңѾ֣дʲôܸоóΪҵĴڣլԺ˲١

˵ţǰ·
ȻѾˣ˻ûʲô
費ɵתͼСﶢŴϵҳûҪߵ˼
̾Ϣ
Ĳ鲻Ըһ·ϣСĬԣûô˵
˲ϹֻȽȥ
Žģ˵Ѿˣ¶Цݣ
ԥˣﲻϽ
һ㶣Ϊʲô
ūһʱҲͲԸȥĺá
գѽС֣һ߳⡣
ԶѾվߣʹԴ֪ʲô
Сﳣ·紵ɹƤЩֲڣΪԭ˫ոһź졣
СʱҲУ䶬ΪԣһЩԼѧǮ򻤷࣬õơ
ŮҶЩӲùҲעء
ϾѾ˵ÿļ޲ȥˡ

ȥ˼սС֣н㡣
˿ԵĴѾŵѧ󡫡
ǽ㣬㡫
²׼ѧˣ͡
С֣ЦתĿ⣬Сôõ·Ѿۻ˰ɣݣ˸ˮݸˮ衣
Ѿ̧ͷĿ⸴ӡ
ôˣƢʡ
ѾûӣƺҲ˵仰
ɻ󣬿衣
СﱾԸ̫̫ţ̥ﲻѲӦµġ
ȻٿѾʱֺƣܻ̫Ӧү̶ദϰˣ˼͸Լһġ
˵꣬ʾȥ
ȲŲѾѾߵǰӲغ
Զеһ˿Ť
ѾӲصͷ
ǿɣ˵Ȼ˴ͷ䣬ҿ㴩Щǧˡ
һ˵һÿյֻȥ
ѾԶÿĴǰ
ɫЩá
µʱôֶνϾԼҡ
ȻھǣųûòҲˣ˼˦Ӹ˭
ˡ
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ЦСէһʱϰͦٹЩӾͺˡ
軹뿪ڣ˵Ǵ̵ģʲôõģһһĵˡ
ڨڨһЦԼǡ

ݡ
´һ಻ŮզһͱŸ⻹ôţ
Ѿҧ꣬ͷ˵
ʲֻÿ衣
ݷһһʮ
ֱ꣬Ӹ˵Ҫ⣬Ҹȥ
ѾһɫЩףƴҡͷ̣Ҳȥ
ܾôȥôġ
㶼ңɶȥ
Ѿ
ֵҪҲ㣬Ҫ͵и̬ȣǴ˻ˣ
ûСѾЩ΢
ȻûҲû㣬˦Ӹ˭ǵģԱû¶˰ģ˼Ҫ㵱׹ŮҪǮôţǵٸÿſ¶Ц
ӱͲǴȺ͵ӣѵǰ涼
ѾֱӺۡ
ȰѾһʱĲӦҲ˵ɣѾýˮһݸˮٳԶȺȥ˯һһ·۵ġ
ӲԼдѾʲôУ⵱̵ıһĸҪǲСӰǼγϰߣֲܴֻѧɶͻȥСõĺãʡòʹ죬Ҳź򡣡

̵棬ѾӲƻȥȸȥ˸׼ķ䣬ݽԡͰӲµ
³﷭ԼŲᡣ
ѾһĨᣬû£ɣ
ߵԡͰߣɾѹϣ˵Ǹֱӣϼǻ˵ȥ˷ȥɻʲô£Ӧ˵
Ѿ̧
ǰλǻò𲢲󣬿ǾͶ֮䣬֪ܿԴ󷽣ׯţµ˹ٷҲ׶˼ӣһܰӵȻС

290μС㣨1

ѾǣֻΪԼˣǶԾǲ档
뾩ʱҲ͵͵Ƴ
ǵķԶԶ
˴ŹȲٳԼһĴ磬ֲ࣬ӿǰδеԱС
Ͳʹ죬սֱͷһ٣Ѿ˵ܡ
һͨοлů

ԡ꣬İȹ
Ѿʮ꣬ȻȲ񣬴ԵЩ
͵ѵӵˣֻΪûڣ²ʣûǰȴҵģýһ³ߴ磬ٸѡ
Ѿͷ˿Լϵѡ
װļӺ̰һɫȹȹֻͬ˲ƣ׵ġ
ʮˬɫ䣬ž;
ѾֲŪһʵȹڣС񣬡һ׸һ𣿡
СͷһƯѣŶصӰ
Ц˵ȻԣҶЩƥټϼʣģüףʱԼˣϲô䣬ô䡣
Ѿԣмؿһۣ¶Ц
񰵰ЦȻŮͨƯ·Ųš
ҲգֻҪĸԸ£Ѳ⡣
ǱѾ˷ص֪ͨ
Ӧ֮󣬿ٻطԼĻݸѾȥ֮Ĩϣкôġ
ѾûʶҲ֪ǻ࣬ӹԺл
ٲǰڴӲ˼
֮ȥԷ
͹緹ʱ˶ԹˣصΪһģķԸŪͦʢĲһ
·ڼ䣬ʹѾʱԵĶǸСʵͦûˣһԱţû˼ꡣ
񿴴С˼˵нԼҾͺˡ
֣ͬԺʱʮܸοģѾɣŸꡣ
󣬴ѾԼ䡣
õʱͷļʲ裬ϸǷĲ̫࣬ͦͨ󣬵˼ϸ壬֪СﶼϲԼĶռ䣬˸עϸڡ
忴ûд˼ҵĽңɾôѾһ۱ϲϡ
Ͼ֮ǰһֱסͬһݣôİ裬˯ĿûʲôʲͷžֻǸ˯ĵض
ǰķ䣬ݣ˵Բһõ޺˯õοյ񻨰βϴµᣣɫۣһмϵɴ
ǲʻϸƿǰڷڴͷǵ֣˺ױ̨Լױ̨СɵױƺУһµ˰֡
ѾǰԡʱΪ鲻ûϸϸϸشﵽһͨ𺳣תͷվſڵʣôķ䣬Ǹһסģ
Цϲ𣿡
ϲ̫ϲˡѾæͷζԼķ䡣
ϼǻǼҲûжĿշֻвİ裬ټϲÿ䷿տԸɴ˯һȥˡ
ĸŮûŮģ󲻴ĹױŮĵĶ²
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ţлл
֮İβ˯һʱתѡ

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ѾǰЩ壬ǹӱŤľӿ
Ρƽûȡ
ѾҡͷûС
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Ѿû˵ƺĥֵ˼ƺڿǸòó֮˸ȡ
ΡƳСԥݸʵڲϲ»дţһȡãǱ߻ţǸȡǡ
˿ûҪǿ˼
Ѿعæ˵лл
ﶼû飬ȡɶָһӻ֮ࡣ
뾩ǲ֪һ뾩ǣԼÿ¡
ү˵ѾСɶ˼
ĸ͡
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ֶ£毳μҸϵС㡣
ٻ˼ҵС㣬ϲմЩֻۻλµͬʱ˸ֶŮֵ뷨
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ʮ꣬ܶණѾٹ̣ûר˵̣޷̥ǵġ
ĹݵǸȥֻϧǼҲû
毸ֶϣҲʺϽĹݣǵ˵
ֵʱ򣬹ûԡ
˻ǲУǡ
Ļû˵ָָ᷽꣬
˿ԽԽ࣬һλ徲Ǻã
˵ǱѾ롱һû˻ȥɵͬһլԺҪǲˣȫҿɶҪġ
ʣûеһʱ⣬Ρ顣
Ρ붼û룬ֱӵɣ
³𣿡
Ρ̫Ŷֽţ¶ڱ֤ﲻµǰ£ƽʱڣԼ˸ôôʧȥ˻ϰѶμҵĳԡ
ܿΡ˼ֿʼȥ룿һĲãװ˽̻
ͱˣ졣

ˡһλ֡
֮ǰûΡ˼ˡЩȡ
ˡݣͣλߵĽ֣ӽҪĹˣò˵ֶŮѰ˼͹㶫
ҵˣǾûʲôòĵˣ֣ٷˡϣ˵Ҫȥչη
￴ΪĸЦ԰ͳȥ

λ֣СӱԽ
毰ѧأָѧ֡
ڲӦӦһӣǲ죬˵£볯гݵ£

ţ֪Ȼ볯ӡ

291Ρ״κ2

ڼһ꣬಻ûùһڲĵ·ǰͷʮһࡣ
˵ݴ裬ŶδΡ֡
Ȼ͸ײаһÿμƻ޷죬ٵͷܻ¶
ǣΡԾÿãڼңÿá
òװĿŲϣһѻ𲻽ûյԼӪһȥ˱ȫޡ
һ꣬Ǹɶɶ˳˭ù
ЩѶӸȥһֺôûţǮǻ˲١
볯죬ഩóԺȥǼͷһȦ˰ǻӲӵ۾̧ȥˣֹκΥߣϳȥҹ
ܻ裬ˣְͣӵͷˣʱҲˡ
Ȼճžͱ˸֪ϽӲʣϳ
ࣺ
ԲǳŲֻǴɶѡ
³۴ިĻ԰ѵõ£һ˵עĿȥ

ʱĻʳǣǬ幬
ΡӦǰܹܵĴٶ֮վһߡ
üģΡ볯£ΰ䶼֪˰ɣ
Ρף΢˵ǽա
ֻŹװûɡ
ûɣҲҪ볯ġ
Ρ볯ֻ֮ᵳӪ˽ѳֳ٣ûʳڡ
ԴȾģʲô³
۳Ĭ˻޲ȨֱֲӵΰãҪôźã
Ρϲʵ
Ŷش𣬹˹۵£˵
ռȥΪúܵǣǴĺûᣬϴԶӸة࣬첻ɣϱеɽȨɢڸˣĹݣʵľλ´ܼ࣬ܿϵȨ
ۣΪڸܹȡةࣿ
ǡΡףةְҪǰϴ񣬶Щ΢Ϊڸܰ쵽ֻةһ˶Ȩڸѧʿ٣ÿ˹Ϸһ֣ة֮λͬ衣
ȻΡĽȡ˵մչ˵úã
ֵۣϿ˵
ֻϿɹϿɣܲʵУǵһ˵㣬ټλس顣

һװգڣټ˼λŵùϳѯ˹ڸȡة࣬ǸԵĿ
յó˿еĽ
ĶǿѳֳĻλʵϥõһռұһĲȥúͣ˽һ꣬ƾռڳ̸ڵĹϵҪҲ¡
˵ףռ˲񣬲ԭǰة࣬лʺ
˻ʺ󣬶һҲͦá

ǵûʲôҪİӣΡ˼һἰݺڷɽǻˡ
Ϊɩ𣬱ӧ˵һͬȥΪЭ󳼸ǰ

۸һᵥࡣ
鷿ڣͷ£˽һŵüͨ£ʵʵڸ˸񣬿ͷ˲£ϳϳƽֶӳȣ´ССմȾʮϳܽ޷ûһϳϳһϹΪϷǡ
˵ţ˿ͷ
̬Ⱥܶϣ֣أ硭ţࡣ
ʵ䰵½塣
ۺǺǣһ꣬հⰮͷӻһû䡣
ࣺǾϳǳ˾ͷڶĹء
ڻأСԽ֪ǲǵã
ࣺϳȻǼǵõġ
ۣɣ
ࣺ
ϼһҭòᣬаˬûʲôζĲƺ˲١
û˵ƽû鷿ţԼĪһյĹ򣬹ԴǳŴϷյϢ˵ƽغڷɽһ˲ⱣѾ˸ҹȻҸŮĵزطٸȫѹסհкߣ
΢ɼüͷݣ
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ݹȻǸзĳǵضģǲӬ˷ΡĵˣȫǺ
ۺϾسķӦ
ĥ˺һڿڣϳԸԴ˷ˣΪϷǡ
۲ͬ⣬հĳǰٹ֮ףԴ˷ˣ
ϳԸ
οȻհִҪȥҲܲȫ㣬ɣްκЭ㡣
ǳ˳ϣΡǺֹ٣˷˵¶˸Ӵš
Ҳô˵۵һĹٶԴ˷˴κŽ˷ΪǰͽеֳҲ֮顣
£౻µóû˵

ʥּһ£顣
ةԴ˷ˣΪ
Ρ˷ˣҲΪ˳ݣϤΣṩ
Ρһȥ˷ˣ
ƾΡĹذ̶ȣȷϰΡɷͽȸˣ
ʵּ֮ǰҲĹǣΡҪȥҲûޡ

θ
֪ΡҪЭȥݽ˷ˣһɴ۾ˣ๫ûɣ
˭
룬룬˼ҹ޲ܰΡƤѪͷʱ򣬲Ǹܱ๫ȻӧǴ뻢ڣ
ɫΡĿᶨʮǰɩٷУлгˣҲܲȥ
죬ʣµȰοȫʻȥ˻̾ϢȻ֣ȥ١
֪һȫΡûֹ١
ĹݵѾϰͷ£ƽڷܺѧķϣֱӾ׼ˡ
ǵڶθ๫참ŵûʣ˼䣬ԵŹԪ毵˵ô˻ϼҡ
Ƕµˣô˵ֻǶСҪСģΡ
ÿγţüĵ
ΡЦһۣϵģһƽ

292үҪҪԸӣ3

ϴúһûֱӵ֣װΡСࡣ
ΡǺֹ٣Ǹ͵ȥʵ۶齲̶̽참Ҳܲ顣
Ҫ飬͵ô飬Ҫ飬͵ͯű¨
ְ𣬾ǰ˱С¨¨棬űī鱾
ʵֻװװӣΪ˲۵Ρû顣
ͷƶӲӵĹⰻȻĳġ
ǸչˬʵĴ졣
Żϵʱһ˫ӥʹ
Ρݸ¹ٸϲ޻һ·ϵİΣµүˡ
֮⣬һ·Ҫ˵ʲô£ȫү˱
һ
ΡЦתͷ߰ɣ
¨ɿ
Ρ²£
̧ˣüúµģѵǴ
Ρ֣Ħ£üĿ
ĵů⣬ȻʣΪɩ˳๫Ľܽ⿪𣿡
ֻش֣ܸ
ûϿʲôã๫˵仰ʱһ絶
Ƭ̵ĳţ֣¨ײóһ߷һ˵СдÿɾˣҪҸ˽һ
һԼͯӣΡʧЦͷá
񷭿ԼǸС£ؽ
µʱһ˫۾רעڻΡȾ׾ϸĲϣٴθЦ⡣
£˵ӣЩ̣žһºϻһ𣿡
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Ρ
ѵÿԼǰԱߣµʱ棬ʲô
ΡʣǸ
ôûˣ˵Ǹ͸СĹ¡
Ϊ飬һ˵һѻӺϣ֡
Ρ˹شнӹȥ׼ȷطղŽµһҳȻ̯ǰ
½Ĳ͸ǧ𣬶һзԻȥ;ɱΪ˱𣬰ɱָɱˣȻȥףطٸ֪ôУǰӲϣ˵ʱĵǰ
ԭɱ߳Թ쾭壬ҵѰռңƳТ
ΪТһաɱ߳ı׼˷ƱػТӺģȷʵɱˡ
Ϊӣ൱ͷۡ
ϣδĽ֡
𴩻ԵûãΡô˽֣˻У
ΡƬ̣ɱ˳Тϣ⣬ӡ
Ȼ뵽ʲôǵĿ׾ɱ½ͳ̷ǼأҲǻӣ
ΡЩóѧͷймҹ棬𷣣ĬšТɱ˸ôҵİնҪˡ
ʣɩû˵ʱ๫ûɱЩٷˣ
ΡĬȻģԼȥˣֻûϵ·ɱ÷Ϊһ˵ò̫أչϣʱѪֹòʱҽ
ġжôֹˡ
Ρ룬÷ûɱԼҵǻٷ˳Ѩû׼Ϊһʱ֮ƴ
ѻջȥָᰴܹ˵λãᣬ๫ʵǻžʲôˣ⵽̺ۣ˵
Ρû˵ֻһ˲˲ڣһ޼ʵ䡣
֪ŲɩʮһֱΪǱ𡣡̧ͷƽ˵£ǲ㿴ֵʱʲô嶯֮
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ű۵Դֹѧûôҡ
˵꣬вͯôˣؼʱ̣˲ÿұ𣿡
һ˵һ潫Դչȥ࣬㻤ˣҿ㵹ùʱ˭ȥ
ΡβЦۼࡣ
Щɴ࿿˯ȥ

Ϊ˽˷ˣ۸ದǧʱֵһվ
ϳԷʱΡһ
ʱóڼ˴ȷûջȥ
ЩڣΡôţ±Ͷ
ΡҸٳ̫ˣ⣬ʳﱻͶǳе£ڻ᲻ү¹پͲö֪ˡ
ࣺͻȻЩڸղûŪԲĶ˼ӽȥС˵
ΡȫȻԹԵسš
һֱԱߣλŸŻط
Ρվ˳ʳ
ûڳ񲻱װģ˰뷹˰
꣬ΡǰڷɽһĵͼûʲôĽ˷˼ƻ
ΡףԼЩ뷨Ҳ֪϶ҵġ
Ҫǽ˷˲ɹô죿
ϾĹ٣Ҫʵô
İɣΡ㲻Ϊ˴ڳΪҲһ취ɽ˵ġ
Լ϶ν˷ˣλʦ˳ıߣΡֵУʱܴñܸ˷˹͡
ȻԼĹͰװΡͷϣֱֲɱΡ
ϾǸ참ģΡˣɵӶ뵽֡
Ρ̣ͯǺú˯һһҹֻҪϲϴ󲿶ӣϲݽ˷ˣʱĹͣҲΡ޹ء
ҹʱ򣬵ȷΡﴵ̣ҩͦ
ֻΪɫ̵˲δִϹһֻΪ·ͷ
һ뵽Ρ˦ˣྫӣ컹δʹǧ·ʱֵʮͤʱ򣬷ͤˡ
Ρ¶ǳЦ˴күҪҪԸӣ
ࣺ

293ɽͷӣ÷1

峿ʮͤϷһɽᰱͤ⹩˷Ĳ̯Ѿæµǵн˵ϲһȲ裬Ӽճӡ
ԭƻѾվ˯ͻȻͤڣ붼֪ǰ֪ļƻˡ
వֵ˰²ͬʱ಻
˵գһ·ӣԸ˼̡
һ·лǰֽ
ӹһˮţ⣬һӡ
ү秵Ĵ󳼲һǶһðһץţܡ
ԺҲͬӹֱ֣̽ԴȥʻûС
ȻǰͷһӲ˵Լ

ΡʮͤԱſʼȥ׷Ķ顣
ͬվ
ԽΡԽǹǰա
üҹʼʩڶһǵ̯ϼǰǳ⽵Ρͯ
֮ǰŮ˵ΡаŶúܡ
ʱ໹ţԷ֪ӹֱ̣˷˼
˻˵Ρĵù¹ܸɶûùġ
ǺǣԴΡ볯ĵùûţԸǱΡС˸Ӻͦùġ
Щ˶١
ãΡֱģ͵ᡣ
һߣ¼үƣΡҲδʦÿؼүʱ϶¶崺ǳЦ·ѹͲ֪ÿ춼ĥôŪ
˴뱲ӣҪҪҲûôҪġ
˶ƵͷˣΡ֪Ȼµÿ¶Цˡ
Ρ൹ȰԼϣɱˣһ·ϣ඼ٴ

ʿţеĻݣѾǰԺ
ǧפƽվ
һ·Ҷۡ
Ρԡ꣬޽ڸͷ洫ˣ˵ү롣
ΡӦȻأϾͺá
üͷʪģô죿
ôΡ
Ѿҹ䣬ΡȫԾȥ̫˽Լ๫ˣڰ칫ʱݲһ˿һиͷδɣҲҪһ˿
˼ľӣʼ纷
ԾǴжʱ˵ķ٣Ѿַ꣬죬ûͺˣҪүͻǸˣǡ
ΡͭӴСϱŵߣЦң
Ʋ죬ȻΪΪʲôҪѾϰͷ͸ٵëˣûţ˵ٵʱҾƽ϶ǲ׼ġ
ΡǳЦһΣҳ١һ٣䣬ţԼҳݡ
ҲŲҪ־Ҫǳ棬϶Ĺϵ
ΡΪ֪з֮
ôܣţúܺõġ
͸ͭΡСǲᱻţûаѺĻ˵
˵񷴶ˣô֪Ѿҵģ
ΡվЦ
ץס󣬡˵ѽ
үڵȣȥһˡΡ˵ţժ֣󲽳ͷȥ
˳ΡǰĻ

Ρȥ˴ҹʵϴɴ˯ˡ
˻ʱ򣬴ǹǵѾ˯ţŲŵúᡣ
ɼ̫ƤŲ
˻оԼͷһֻ֣Ĳϸ壬Щֲڣů
ȷûзȣ˺ܿ콫ջȥ
񰵰Цһ£ǲģΪãֻڲ֮ǰѾԤеȻһһܿˡ
񵽵û۸仰һֱ˯
ΡѾЦʣ۲ۣ
ϰԵȻҡͷѾϢòˡүҹȥ̸Щʲô
޷ǹڽ˷˵ļƻΡ˵ʦִ£ҹȥŲı
ǽأóû
˵ļƻ©
תתòᣬļƻִ˰ɣ
ΡûϣЦȻүɫЩڡ
˵ǰûӴү֪ʲôˣǷˣر𰮺һԲϾøײİƵġ
Ǳ֣ΡЦδĻ磬ϴɣó緹ˡ
ŶһЦ˼´ϴ
緹ӱϡ࣬һ߳ԣһ߿ΡǾ仰û˵أ
ʲô͸ˣʵ⡣
˵֪Ѿɹˡ
Ρ˵࣬ϣĹɹģֻһˡ
Ҳúܺá˵
бˡ
شˣɣ
㶼뵽װɹĹݣΪʲôͲܣ
ǡ£Ҷûֻбˡ棬ȫ֪𣿡
ΡǳǳǵǹŮ٣ʲôûУҪǼСˣǻ򵥣
˵ΡŵĹݸӼһδѧߵ䣬ֻŮӱᣬɹȥˡ
ѧʱôңһֱΪԼαװúܳɹƭȥ
ȴԭֻֻ۱ֻ۰ˣ˼Ҵͷβȫ֪
ΡЦǰ㣬û˸ѧʸУ
񣺡

죬ǧΡļƻֲڷɽȵĲȵ㣬
ɽǵĳѨռ˵Ҫβ˵ѹ
ȵȻ˵ǱߵľȻΡԤĲࡣ
үʣ𹥵ʤ󲻴󣿡
̽ӵ𹥲ǲУֻʱҪûһ·ȥȼеѡ
ү鲻ԸƳԱһȻΡһۣǾδ˵ļƻһ˶סɽг·һ취ǵˮԴ
̾ںڷɽ꣬ΡƶɽϿѾ˵أһʱǶϲǾֻܴˮԴ֡
Ժڷɽĵƣɽ϶һˮԴֻҪ̽صúóɹҵضϣͬڶɽ˵·

ΡķӹȻЧպûˮȱƵɽķͽǱһ򾡡
Ρɽʱ򣬼ɽͷ졪÷

294ʮģٴģǧѩﴺ2

ʮǰЩ׵δټ
һͷӵŮ˱ͷӣһù˲ĲϿȵľү
÷ѺŹڵϣҵķ϶ƳһΡ۵ӿ˵ĸӡ
Ρδ÷ϻԸˣѺȥ
÷ͻȻΡҪҵңŹֵµֵܡ
Ρԣӹǻ㵹ǽ
÷ֱֱۣ֪ΪɩŪģָʹ˶ֵģңѾˣҪɱҪУֻһǡ
ǣ˭ŹЩֵµԩꣿΡԼҲ޸ĸ֮ˣıһ£Ѹͬܡ
÷΢΢㱣ٿΡʱѵĴֵҲǱβŻΪܣɽϿֵԸ㣬ѾûɽˣȻǶˣرҸӻͷ𲻻ֺαطҪһȺƵĺ˸Ͼɱ
ΡʼղΪЩ֮ȥ˵ֻץˡ
ͷһμЩΡ׵ŮˣԭΪǸεεӣûǸйŮˡ
뵽ĿǰΪֹ۶Ѫԡ
۳ŵ¼ʮŵҪߣ÷˱ۣȻǷǣұںڷɽܡ
Ρû˿ԥߣ
Ρƺû뵽Էӻ˸գ÷ٿۡ
Ȼ˻δΡҡֺ

ĿȫѺɽΡˣ㲻˵ĺڷɽ𣿡
Ρƽйء
˵꣬񣬡ȥ濴

ѳѰɳ˽Ȼкü϶
Ρⷽмң۾ͿǽĶ
Ĵм˺ü
¿϶Ҳ֪ڶǹŶ𣬼ֵơ
ΡȻҲûϵһﾹȻн
ֻϧɻﶼҪϽɳ͢ģŹղصĻᡣ
ԸϸЩߣΡѨߡ
ɽǰ͹ƽұڣұϵ̨Щ谵𲻶
˶ץߣҲգļӣ˵仰л
ΡĽŲһһɨܡ
תʱ򣬲֪ʲôأֻԱʯں¡¡һʯԶ򿪡
Ρפ㣬ͬһʱعͷ
ʯź棬δƣվſƣֻܿһƬڡ
Ρ˳ִԱߵʯȡһ֧һֻֽԼš
ʶ¶ıһ¡
ŲұڱߣԼȡһ֧ţΡûԤУֱӽȥ
ˣΡǼΪСģʯűߣꡣ
΢⣬ܿ콫һʯ
иʯ̨ʯ̨ǶŸľС
Ҫ֣˵խʯ죬һ¡
ŤͷΡϲ֪ʱ˸ϸ֦
һһֻ֦سźиˡ
ľδиǱԺͷĽ鱦һᡣ
Ρ֦򽻸ţỺ򿪣˻ۣȻ漣
֮ǰΡʱ˵ˣǽңʥ֣黭һ
չڻϷϡٴġ
ٴʲô˼񲻽⡣
ΡϳķΪֱСʮġٴġǧѩﴺµİٴıķеһ
ʮģٴģǧѩﴺ
ԺƺֳʲôͻȻһˣϼǻ๫鷿һСﴺ
Ρͷֻʦˡ
֪Ԫ˵ΡʦСԪߵģʱ˵ȥġºû㻹
ٴػϣٴĻɽﴺһͼʣﴺͰٴĶڣ๫ղ𣿡
ΡҡͷҲңֻһֱûʲô
ЦЦĻô๫ҵü漣Ѿ˲ˡ
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297ܱ˽2

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299ţ1

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ͷҵĲ¸˱ŸͷѪ߰ߵŮ޵ۡ
ԼĪʮ꣬Ƥƣ˫ֲִڣ۾޵úס
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ڸ˻Ůʮģһ಼СѪסƲ̫ò
Ավŵˣл
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俴̽лһȫףûѪɫʶ죬ƺк漴ַӦĻӿߵһɩʻȥ¹˹
񿴳лûҵԼûĿŰѹŮڵϵĸˣ˵аѪɣôϽҽݣһ£˭𣿡
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һſˣһմ۵㣬ʱ㿼˳ɼǰҲԻΪ¶òáҡҵʱҲǱƵͶ·ŲòӦš
͸˵Լã
лϸ˼Ϊʲô֪ǹ֣ɫɺܰףھƹݣ̹׵ģû뵽һΪҶ飬Ҳ֦һֱûϡ
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벻˵޶ŵĽڣܲٻһ٣˫ٿһЩʱӦúúõģҸû׷˳޿˵ңȻһͷײԱߵǽϣٺҲˡ
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˵£һʼͲţЩĻô鷳
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л𾪵ú˰벽Ϊʲô
ΪСģ˵ˣΪʲô뺦
񲻺˵˶ԸΡͳߵ֣лֻߴٵȸȥ˵

304ı3

һǰһߣ˲Ԫ˵ǶĸŮһҪȥ̫ҽңֱӾˡ
ĿתһԱڵϵȣͻȻЦȽŻͦ
Ҫһ飬ÿ죬ͱ˳°ߡԪ
üͷлԪԼƵһԵʯմ幣
ûãȻӰڡ
ͷһΰѸɵİŶԷͨڳľװԼǼӲ飬Щ
广첽ߵǰȭкηԸ
̿ˮ㡢幣
ǡ
һֱңİδӴʱزڰԼܲ˼顣
δʱ̱˵İȫĪҲӡ幵ȴҲ飬ûһ˿һĸ顣
˸䣬ܿ⣬͸ղˣܲܰҵ
ף÷˷ԸѾ˸ˣҪδãȫƾһ¡
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СϷ˻УҪֱӶԸˣһʱ벻
幼ԥΪԱƱЧЩ
ԱƱ
ԣֱӶǶĸŮһһָ֪͵Ļ֮˸ǰ֪˲ǣԷͲˡ
񱻾ʣһָ᲻Ҫǵ
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ҪǾͶɣ͵ةฮŶԺ
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ϴֽüһĻôˡ
ֻǳĬӵȻһҪسԺܡ
Ҳհں÷㶯꣬ͼ褼Ҵ˽в˵Ķһ٣ˣ褶ôˣ
褻¶ģʱ̱űߣȻץסĸ첲ҲҪˣߣ뿪ռҺòã
ｫӸϣָ˸褵ıᣬ褶ǲϲ˳ĵˣ
Ҫҡ褰ոձ׼Է˭ʳд򿪣ͷȻֻѪָ֪ܵ˭Ķ硣
˵ֱ꣬ӱסΪʲôռװ
ռң㲻ʶΡʶΡ㲻һģģ㲻ʧǣʧȥƹݺȾƣ㲻ᱻǸۡ
ةฮΪ׹Ϻӣɫ۸ģ
⺢ӡǸ˵ռѪӦڡ
òá褿үֲԼСӲҪִլ˵ܳ檣
ݸ㲻

305ְɣ1

ƺÿһΣ뿪ռңĴ𰸶ЩģɣǴҪһռ
뵽ԼָŵþʧɫĶûУ褲ŭһɿ񺬺ޣǲΪʲôԸ¼ﲻ⣬ȴҪǿԼֵطΪܵ檣ʲôҪ˵Ϊүѹû㣬ܴеõʲôΪΪѲɣ㻹Թүڣ
ﲢδΪ褵ĻգֻƵ뿪ܼ򵥣ûһռҵıӻ棬һ춼ȥ
ռ⼸꣬㱳²٣ԽԽࡣ
˼ֻǶָŻ㣬ֱӶ㣬Ϊ㻹ռС㣬Էǡ
㲻ռأΪƾһ֮ܶԿЩˣ
ԣԭɷ׵ϸһƬɫ
ߣִΪû׼Ϊı˻ȫˣ褶ϧڵӡ

ӡУĸۡ
Ϊû˵ԵʣСʱĸŮû˰۸ÿÿǸʱϴ档
ĸܣʲô¶ϲȭͷıӡ
ǣʲôʱﲻٶͿޣµؾˣ
ռ˺ܶ£ȶִ˸̵Ĳֹһ׮Ȼȴδǰֹ̬ʼᣬá˾òʵ
ʶأỽһ
ֽӵƽȹϵ壬»ܱԹռҹòãȴûҪӹãΪ˸ΪŮ㶼ûоԼְ𡣡
ҧǸ£ôܸúù
ⱲӳҲ˱ˡƽ˵СڣһеλһõãȻ˶ôΪʲô֣
ҡ褹ǵ
Ѿѣ˫˳סϸ󣬡˶ǿ㸸׻ͬţҽǼ³׽ҹȥᣬ˵˶ãβͶ㸸øֻҪ˵õ㸸ӣĵλȻȻˮǴߡ
˵󣬲ռҴլЩܳĵӵŮδؾ褶ͷԣ㲢˭
ҡĿ𣿡
ЦףֻҪԸ⡣

褻صԼԺʳѾ˳ˣǰֽ褣ЦЦΪжٲֶΣҰ
֮ǰû¼˵¼ֻ֮¼ֶΡ
褵߽סֽʲô
üָˣ˳ġ
ǰֱӴӺԼдһ仰´ٸҶΡߵˣľ褵ָ
òǱߵ˲䱻壬褻ָĵͬʱĵӿ־塣
ֻΡߵ˱ûһϣ
ûŲλãҲһϾ褣һŮ˱ʱɫ˳ճһ
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̬ͻȻĴת̫⧲ʼδ¶Ȼ˵ʲô
˵ǲҪˣﶷû˼Ҫһ¶⡣
˲֣ܵõʲôô
һֱõãô褽ֽڵϣ䣬֣ӮҵĵλҰԽԽߣ˭Ҳ
е˼˱˫ۣпԲϣɣѾܿȨռֻǸĿտӣΪһܵõʲô
Եˣռڹиʺڱиûصүң
ˣ

Ϊ£лһҹû˯ãڶճŵʱΡ
㲣Ρʣû˯ã
л˵ҹ˯ǰȶˣЩʧߡ
Ρһûǰ£˾͹ˣ̫࣬ı
лͷӦ£ȴ
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˼лͣ
Ρתͷǲʲôڼ
Ҳ١
ҪҪҰԺѧʿ˵һ
лͷлκϱ׼ȥ̯λϣк֮ͷΡûˣ߰ɣ
֮ǰоٵʱֲûˮ׸̱Ļˣ񲻾ǱԺ˷ֱۣӱ̬
һ·ϣл裬Ѿ׼ӭӼķ籩
ȻȽ˺ԺͬǼֻѰĴкû˭¶ǳЦĿ
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ôţλˣЦ˾䣬ûܵŰɣ
л£Ƕˣ
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û˵꣬ͱͬļ򣬿οСЩǺԺȻǸˮţĸɾģֻСϺףҲбϵһ죬лǵˡ
л˳ǡ
ͬߺǰƽЩܿͶѧϰ

Ρ˴л״֪ûʲô󰭣Ρɿ
û¾ͺãԵȥлͬŽһ
ҹΡ˵ʱ򣬲δἰлЩ˻£ֻ˵·˳ݷãһлܣݣǶһ¡
Ժ˭֪Ρǹ۸ǰĺˣλԵţͽᶼˣĻȡЦл

죬ΡȻ˵˼١
һòˣֻϧԪĩԣû취ϻ
û죬л˹񣬾ûǱߣηӵˣܣ˽Ҳû룬緹ԼΧһԵġ
⻰
£ֱŰ𣿡

306״תȦȦ2

зŽطѣΡԸֲ׳
Ϊ˷ΣصխС
ͷ죬ϵɫˬ
ΡվڴǰһһСӰ̵سԼ߹ĵ׺ȻӿһС
ߵǰΡЦȥˣ
ȥκ˵꣬ѯ˵๫Σ
ΡףĴӣ˵ʲôʲô
ЦЦ˵ǽصǶӣľȻҲְ̫ˡ䣬СһԽͣ˵˵ĶԲԣ
Ǿ˵óһ㣬ԼӦúܷܡ
˵ʲô֪ѾҪȥġ
ÿһϽ֣Сһﶼ˷ܣҲһ
ŶӽƻķӦкЦҪȴָָŵʣ˼ҪԼߣҪ˱
ôߣȥ𣿡
ԼС֣Žŵʱȥ˴ӣֽŲãһһ׵òԯϣֱ׾վȻ˿ȻǱˡ
ΡһۣڶԶӵĳ磬ܿϡ
ѽмϣͷֲȥ
ڳԡﷺƾС
̱˳ŵĴһξиοϢͤӡ
һڵʱÿͤﶼοͣ˴һ飬ûȥ
³ۣԶи÷̯ӡ
̫ȣȥ÷ȥǱһСκ
ΡûһһŽ̯ȥ
ǵСֻ÷
ʱιģΡһҨ˰ιСһߡ
СһͷӴζЩŹ֡
ܲܺȣ
ֱ˦Դϲģϲġ
ϰҪһ
ȻûǸñô˵Ҳģ½ȶֶӣֻιף׹󣬲Сһôˮúˣ룬Ǯֱȥ⴬
ͷ̫ɹż΢棬Щ΢⡣
ͣźüһСľרκõġ
ΡҪһСľ֡
Ŷ߹ȥվ֮Сһ벻
ãͣڰߵСһۡ
˵кܶŶ
һ㣬˷ˡ
ױȥ׾ͱӣſԼϣȻСĵزʯߵСľϡ
һȥոպãϵϯӡ
Ժ󣬰Ѷӷǰ˫ֲֹ࣬СһͻȻԽȥ
׼𣿡һͷΡѾúô
ͷ߰ɣε԰ȥǱ߿ٻ
ͷһλѵ˹ٳδˣСľԭת˺üȦ
ܸӵûЦǽƺо˴һֱûߣ¸ɵ֡
ԱһСϣýǸԼĪ߰кԷسŴƴԱ߻ȥͶ񣬴ֵ⡣
ΡһأӲǿʤգΪ޶汻Ӹˣѵõ¶ִһ棬һֲѴ߾ݵļơ
ûİǸӵɶ֣˾Ŭͬʱ忡ԾɹŵЦ⣬˾ס
û·ΡڽСߣŶ԰ȥ
䣬ˮơ
˳Ž޶κ˾һصķ羰
˶԰ʱ򣬷˰ڵ̯״ޡ
޵̫£˺ܶ࣬һǮһȦĸĸײоϹ
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Աߵˡ
ΡӵԴ뿪һʱٻ϶ʮȦ
˵˭׵Ķࡣ
ΡȦ
ӹӵǶȣ׼˸ýմޣȦӳȥֻմ޵Դ͵ȥûС
񲻸ģ˵ڶ
һֱ꣬ȫûС
ЩȣֹȦôСڷŵλǰģô׾У
ΡˣЦȦԣ
ҲҪûӣȻ뿴ס
Ρ󷽳ϣҲó
㶼ûȦô֪ԼóԽǲףԽ뿴ƽܾòܹԼһܡ
ΡˣײпɲԹҡ
ЦҪľײС
ΡѡýǶȣٵһȥȻûС
Ȧ̫ˣѰվ׼ⶼ̯̯֮ǰͺϼƺõȦǮֶΣ˶ͼֵģײҲû˻Ϊ˼Ǯִ
ﶼײУˣӵһȦеǸ޾ӡ
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̯ȲûЦæȥǸóصݵ޸ǰλүַ׼û׼Ǹأ
֪̯˵ʲô˵ؽӹޱڻ
ȵһ̯λʮФżʱСһֱ˴ޣźӾͲţһΡеģһӡ

һóԵĺģСһ֥ϵı¾ͼ⸽˸飬ﱧһѶ˳˸װͷţСһ˺ö·ΪվŲˡ
㣬Ρӱ⴬ȥ
ϻ˼ңСһ춼ȥɶˣ
˵תȦȦ
ںȲ裬Щûס
ΡȦȦ
˦ԴתȦȦתȦȦ
Ρ

ڷɽ˰ڽУԺ󰸵ʱ򣬺÷ͬʷ˵ԼֵµƣֻҪǣͰѺڷɽ˵
ʷΪͷ죬ǰѴ±˹ۡ
ʣڷɽܣ
ʷǵͷ÷˵ڷɽһغŴĽɽ𢣬ֻҪϴӦǣұ֤ˣͰ˵
ʷһۣҲţ
ǵ;Ľ֮Ϊ˱ڳ԰ˡ
ｭɽΪͷӵһ仰ͻˣ
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۰ڰ֣ռɽΪôûˣжƻ֪ȥϸУննŵţ˾٣ǧֳǣűߵЦ
һͨʷֻǺˡ

ǰ󲻵£ӵȫ꣬ץʮУ˱̣˱š
Ϊڷɽͷˣ÷̨ʱûҲûдԩƽȫ֮ˡ
ն׵ص⣬̷·ʱ䶼һʱ̡
Ρݣʱ֮ǰš
̨Ѿµˣ÷м䣬Ƿݲη侲Եøۡ
նǴ䡣
Ρǰ棬˼÷˵仰
ΡӵİˣûͷӦʡ
˺÷ıӰһۣΡǰԱֹסŲѹúܵͣϴ˵ĺڷɽܣǲǷٴģ
÷ΡҵΪͲصòܣ´̹Ȼֵµֵܣ仰˵ץˣôţǶû·Ϳʼˣ
Ρ˵ֵˣҲץҲеץ
÷Ȼ̧ͷҵķ˿䣬˫۾ǼǱ˱ƵͶ·ǲѡ˵˲Ҫֵһûˣ˶úڣʵۡ
Ρɫƽȣʮġٴġǧѩﴺķƴһ飬һܣȥ֮ػķųķֱɢֻʣһٴġûɣ
÷ҧŴһԡ
û´ѹʵķɱɩɽĺˡһʼǱˣΪڴķ⣬ϧʹɱ֣ǱϾ·ԲŻռɽΪӴϴҽĵ
÷˵ĸӣ㶼֪
ΡݸҲµġ
⻰
СɰĽͣΪ1һǧշѲһ㶨ļۡ
psûƼƱһţ3Ũq?

307ĳлδĲ֮3

÷ȻΡʲôûܲµô׼ȻѾ֪ĺˣ㻹ֵȥ
Ρ˵ΪһǸϾɱܳΪɡǹ٣Ƿˣץǣ쾭塣
÷ԭһ˿ϣΡĻĵеΡĲ֪Ƿ浽ײʲôܣ
ΡûܵвȻң˵֪лܵĲֻˣûҪΪһŪܶðշŻɽοѾ϶̳ǣÿ𣿡
÷˱ۣ³һ仰ãԸ㲻Ϊյļȶеڡ
šΡӦɱɩʱһĿŵ˶ϼȣʮ꣬δڣץ㣬ۿΪĶиۣ˵ʮ꣬ٹʮ꣬ҲӦãûڡ
˫ĸڽ棬÷ѹû˽ΡǸˡ
ڷɽǴκͽռʽӴ½Ӵʱ̣÷ҲǿΡ˵жңǸ˵һˣҲǸͷˣ϶һ£ֻǰͷ
÷ҵÿû޸㡣
ЦôĳлδĲ֮

Ρջǡȡˣۿź÷ͷ˵أ罦Ѫ뵽ʮǰԼϵɩĲֳҲһƬĿĵĺ졣

÷ˣΪɷ򸾱
Ρȥ֮ýŪ̿ȥԺ׼ֽǮһվơ
ɩʱΡɫ˵İ
ԺöмΡڼ죬ڴôͣ˽Ųûǰ׼Ϣ뿪˵ɤȥԪ
ãȥ
ת󲽳ߡ
Ԫһµѧûüȥ鷿ˮ
ȥ󣬸˵Ρҡ
ԪЩãȻʲô
񲻺˵ֻ̫࣬ȥ˾֪ˡ
Ԫͷˮֱȥ˺Ժ
Ρ춯ûͷѾ֪˭
ңԪɻΡ׵ıӰ
Ԫ
ķˣԪֻߵΡԱߣۻ衣
ճɺڻҵֽǮ
ǲڼ󲮸
󲮸ƺΡļƬ̽ӲԪһֽǮҲ
ԪΡȰլһǶλλȥû¾ȥ㣬ݼݡ
ԪŶһͷֽǮ
ΡĿ
ԪͷһμĵӡУûʹڴɷ򸾵κ¡
ΡۣĪǣԪ֪ˣⲻʵģ
Ԫ
ˣѧٽղ˺öҵҵˣ϶겻ɡ
˵꣬վܿûӰ

£լǱѾȫɣ˸ӣȫҿʼǨ
лصظ˼٣ŵֵܹæ
լǸԺǰסλ߹٣ΪȨı˽˽ҷҵʱֻû˽ϸʲȫԭⲻΰұ㲻ΰһֻҪЩģ̫࣬ϲôæ
УΡֶլȥԷ
ͽǰȥլһʳģطûȰѳʰ
˵ʱ򣬳Ѿζˡ
лݻװͷеļɽʯ̾ûͣۼɿǳϢˣôլӾȻ͵ģոսŵʱǼϴ˵أǺɫнģ˵ɶûլӲ򵥵˼
˵ţĽͶӣɩͽѧãûϹǼӡ
Ρлͷ˵ӵţȥѧãֻϼֽٵùģ¶ҲƼˣ֣Ҳͦùɷ򸾲Ժı߶ˣҪϱԺȰȰָºأ
лЦô˵н죬ȫϱĹˣ
ǿɲĵ
ǰ֪飬ΪԼҶתˡ
ʵϣҲȷʵתˣ˵ȴϱġ
˵˭˭˭䶼УΨϱúãã
һʰˣԺզ죿

308ǻϾ̫1

լԺֳԵԺԺ
ԪѾʮ꣬סԺᡣ
Ժٰãס
ΡŽסԱߵپӡ
£ϡлϱ毵ɸ
СﵥռһԺӣԺű£˼꺣ĺͰŽɭȻһҶ졣
лϱ´һۣȻǰ㵱׹Ůˣôһطһסʲôֽŵ˵㵱Щôţסڴլﵱ˶˲ˮС㣬ζ˰ɣ
֪λ˵ֱû棬Ҳʶô
ϴлϱˣأȥ˲
ҡͷ
Ҫ㣬Ҳȥлϱϻһֹסǵض޵Ҳ㲻ӵҪģϼʮû׼һ̹ӹ˲ֻúһϱţӻӣɶôûţһֱӽײˣĥĥӣ𣿡
ɵҲӻлֻͷûǻ
϶Կһۡ
ǱӦѾ׼ò࣬ȥԷɣæһϣҶˡ
˵꣬߳ɸ
毹ţ
ں棬֪лϱղŵĻָǰѾ;ĸˣǰ¸ԺӣмͨϳĽԺʱϲģס
лϱŲ˶٣ôһլӣöǮ
ϵǮǴͷϡ
Ǽͷϣ
͸ż
ĿǰĴòǰСǡ
Ρԭլ͸лл˵ˣͣԸȥҵġ
ҪǮ򣬵ĸӲܲվ˵仰żǮϢˣҲһһˣûҪô

аɣȻǼҪ飬ҾͲˡлϱǼǮ
ӦġϵôЩ꣬ûշ
лϱˣδϡ

λѾѷ˶ȥ֪ͨɢڸԺӵǡ
һӺǰ
ϣ̸˵⣬֪ΡҪѾС˻Ҫðһл豻ŵֱ̿ˮҲ̫˰ɣ
ΡЦЦ˵׼ĶǱҪõˣôլӲû˴
лߺ飬ҪðЩɣʱһ⣬ÿеﲻɽա
Ρԣ֪ͳݵ
ùȥ˿Ƭ̺󣬾ǧĶȻ๫ô쵽ģ
Ρ͡
լһģ
š
ˣ˷һ๫ֻȥЭ󳼣빦ͶչϣΪʲôôͣ
ΡЦ𣬡ǻϾ̫ȥ참棬Զ˵㡣
񣺡

ջʺ󵱳յ²ãյϢ˵عˡ
عﻹ֡
·һ㣬Ȼڳ֮ǰͻС
ջʺûӵˣһʱ䷴ӦȾؼֻΪڵеĽڡ
ӦͻȻյ⡣
֪ջʺ˰أةȨҲˣ뷽跨뵽ĿģֻΪ˱İŮˣס֡
ʣҪҪǰ취
Ƶĵƻ֮£ջʺɫԵò԰ףĬ˺һҡͷ϶Աĺͷ̫أһ⣬ɾͲֹҪڷ´ˡ
˼¡
һҹջʺշתߡ
ǰҵɽںܶʱ⣬ɻʲôΪ֪ۼɵݣ֪޿κΡ
ڣةûˣֻʣĹռ̨ǿһ룬Լϥӣһö»ӣ֪жѹ

ջʺعǰŸ̤Ĵţ̫ʹҴʺ͹Ǳˡ
ջʺάϵ򶨣ǻӻǹ
ӣﵮ˻ӣԴ͵һŵ
ŵ
ǰͶ鶼̵ӵȥˡ
ջʺϷ¶͵Цôϲ¶ȥһ
˵գ̧ڵ˱ˮԡ¡
ʱջʺ͹
꣬ͦ飬ڵϢ
۱ŸճĶ
ϣӵϲá
չɹôĿջʺվſڣϵ龡۵ס
ˣ̧ۣǲŻʲôʺع˰
ջʺǳЦ⣬ߣϵһĶǸճĶӸˣôˣȥ½ӵĳ檡
۷ܵءŶһڻСӤϣɣ
ջʺе٣ϸӴû
ˣһŵŵ
Ŷջʺ¶ɻ󣬡к˵
ѵóͣΪΪΪ˶뿪ŵ֡
֪϶Զĸ鲻һջʺЩˣЦ̡ܽ
ŵ˷վ꣬ϲ̽ӣɳ檴Ͱɣ
һӦʡ
ջʺ߽ڵѾתѣҪ
ջʺһѷסÿǧҶЩŰɣ
ԣȥͬʱﲻʺջؾ̽ʵܳ
ջʺ΢΢һЦΪϵ˴һΪ֮Ӧǰء
˵
ջʺ󿪿ڣѾἰȥУʱ̫ҽ̥λܲȣҪ˵֦ڣ֮³˸ѣûϰ͵Ⱥй
ջʺŶĵ׳񣬻Цݸ˵ףŲ뵱ӣڱģ󻹲˳˴
ҪЩ˵ȥͲܵȺйôԶĵطȥˡ
Ҳƹ࣬鷳˵
֮⣺ȥȺйֲһ˵⣬ִˣҪȥһϡ
ջʺ۵׺һúЪŰɣȥӡ

309ӵİ2

ջʺŵȻǼŵģ۷ȷԼᣬҲͬһ¡
Ϊ˱͹ĸӵİȫó͢ȥ͹⣬޻ʵۿͣκ˶ȥ̽ӡ
ջʺ˵֮󣬲δûص˴̽͹ϢҲûڿ˼ȥĥôԸӷǳȥ鷿
ʹôһλӣÿѧѧǹһˡ
Ԫͬ꣬귽ʮ
ʹĺӣģССͣѾ˷һꡣ
ѧ߳鷿źС£ʺˡ
һգĵ˵࣬ȥػ˵ҽҪȥԷѧ䣬ûռ
䣬ջʺ˵Цæܲæ˵仰ʱ䶼ûаɣ
ԣüļɲתֹĸ밲
ջʺȺ͵ض񡣡
վֱӣĸҶʲô𣿡
ջʺԼĹŮԱߵС¡
Եĸлֱ˵һȥԷʦڵţʱЩϡ
ԷԴǼ䵭ջʺû
˶٣żɽÿһѧѧһȥԷѧ᲻̫ģ
ûջʺġ
ΪҸ֪Σ
΢ЦһжǸʸģͬ⣬û
һ仰ìͷָۡ
ûӼ򵥵ˣջʺ󲢲ССͶ˶ѾӦ磬ݸһЦôȨͬˡ
ջʺ뿪СǵԼӣ£ôأ
۾Ϲ˶Ƴʺû֧ţֱ͹λвλ°ĿתƵˣ粻⣬ѴŪԼȥ
ջʺ뿪ķ΢ŴһԲ

ȲӣջʺֱȥǬ幬ˡ
ûлرܣô޹ȥ
ʺôżޣ£ϣָһûһµŷ֡
ջʺֱ˵⣬檽ȥ鷿һѧѧ޵ܣȣΪҸϾã檵Σ
ȻǿʺĿкʵѡˡ
ջʺףֳĵλүڹӼѧСĲȴ곤٣ǸʮֹصĺӣȥӼĩɼҲΪܸӸѧϰ
赭д飬ӵɣ˳ڴ߰ԼˣҪǣ˹һĻᡪҪǵ˻ʵۣܶԼİʹɱ֣Ӧ۹͡
һá
ۡ
ò˵λʺĻܴ
䴽ЦЦ˵ѵûʺģգȰ޼
ջʺû뵽ô˳ͷϲɫδ¶ϣ΢΢չӼ壬ʱ檱㰲ȥ͡
۶յԴâܿʧ

壬Ң֯ͬۻᣬھϿ֡
ѧʱҢصסԪ˵¶ԸԸȥ
Ԫܾһ뵽˵Ҫ˹ͨԥһ£ͷ˵ȥ
Ң򣬡ǾôŰɣճʱ
꣬԰ԪͻǼߡ
곤һ꣬ҢǸų첻٣ȥ嶯Է¶˸Цݣ̹Ȼشк
˸ò΢ЦԪϳԺ󣬷Ըֲ̡
ϣĸԶ
ո˵ʲôôˣ
ԪʵҪȥϾۻᣬҡ
Щģһȥ
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լԭլӾ뺲ԺΡÿȥ̫ԶΨһһҪԪ
ԣĬ˻Ǻãȥɣ
࣬干˰иžˡ

ѵóȥ棬Ǹõ죬Ԫ磬ԡ£Լúʰһ°ɫۼٲȻǸ߳εꡣ
ʱһ䣬˵ԪԽԽˡ
ȥɬ⻰ĺ˶
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ԪССʧ䣬㲻̫ԣʴˣ£
Ң֪ͯԼүμλߵýûţΪ˸ѡ
ԭˡԪȻ
˴ߣݻӣѰɫֱ֡
ſߵĽﺰ磬һƣ˵ͬۻᣬզͻˣ
Ԫûϸֻͣ˵ʱ˵ʣȥˡ
䣬ѽٸ߸ߡ
СһཱུģЩԪ£Ȼʣ벻ѧ㡣
̧ͷ磬˫ģֺ
Ԫ˵һСһﱧȥԺԼ鷿̳¿ϰõëֽ
Сһī
Ԫý鰸ǰպīСһţԼס֣ëֽϹգԭԵһ໨ƿͷһСһǿĴţŸһͨͿԪëֽһţ

ۼҢʱ䡣
겻ǵһμʵۣţشòǺ
˵Ңǹүھˮгĺӣ͹ڼڲκ¡
ջʺҲڳ
۲ûֱҢûǲãȥѴ˹Ңİռλүó飬ó䣬ȥԷʱҪǫ
õָ΢𴽣

310Ǹӣ3

Īѡг˴ӵİҢ߳Ǭ幬ʱﶼǿհ׵ģתͷջʺùãΪʲôѡң
ջʺЦŸͣΪ㹻㡣
㹻
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ǷǣҢ̫ᵽ˹Ķǵζ
صĵһʱ佫ȥʻˣ
ˡ
أ
Ҳˡ
Ƴߣүüͷ˪ˣ
Ң룬̧ͷһϣҲͼڲ¶𣿡
үһɣʲôʱˣ
ҢСֹûͻȥӰ
ǴӻʶˣӹӼѧ澫ϸѡ㡣
һͿյģ۾ȳ˰ɣҢ
үɫյôˣԼռ˵
Ңͦͦظֱ׳Ҹǲһ
үˣҵıСӣֱܣӹ
֮󼪵ҢվƲ죬ɵӲŻȥ򡣡
ŵݷĶӣүµȥ֡
ϾռңҪһȾ֮ĺӲס

ͷһ죬Ңһص˹Ӽ࣬ûȥ͵ڴ⡣
Ԫʱôľ׮ƵŲ
ҢڵԺڹӼѧˡ
Ԫװ֪飬ѧˣ
ǣȥ鷿ҢӰ
ԪŶһͦõġ
鷿ͷȹӼѧٸһΣѧ˵
ܸǺܶѧ¡
챾ȥۻģûȥɣ㲻ɣ
ҢվԼǰСС꣬ͷûߣͱСɺܶʱվһ飬ܾԼǺӡ
Ԫһνûȥɾûȥɣûٿ⣬ôС۶𣿡
ô˵Ңɿ㲻ͺá
ר̸ֻΪ׿ڰԼҪȥӰϢ𩣬ҢûֱӳʳǷȥ
鷿ʱ򣬸îʱѾΡ
ټһ鷿ֻһλͷ
ҢôΣĬĬߵ¡
Ңûʲô飬ܿջߣעе鱾ϡ
һֱʱ¿ΣӶû˵һ仰ǾĻ
Ң򣬼ӲԼһʱЩ޴룬ĥôڡ
ȥ£鱾ԲڶҢزٳĬÿʱʼîʱϿΣʱ¿Σѧ䣬Ūˡ
ʱҢŴͣûأ
ǰ˵ţİɣ
ȻС۹ﳤռү˽Ϊӵļ
ΪĻӣһӦСϰն֮ӣδǰҹ춼û͵𴲵鷿ϿεʱҪȥԷѧ䡣
һ굽ͷ˸շżһ죬ʱ򶼵ģʽϿΡ
Ҫ˵ʲôʢĵʱΪȣֻΣϢ
ڹӼ࣬ȫƾѧԸʽϿʱîʱҢүÿ춼㹻˯ʱ䣬˵ֱ˼顣
꿪ʼ鷿꣬ϰ˯
ͷ֪Ľڻʼҽʳʵϣ˯Զ
ÿνշż٣ֻҪ֮ĻĶȥԼ޵˯һ졣

Ң˷ӦЦЦû˵վ߳ȥص޹ʼš
ȥԷԾҢͬ
һǣϱżͲÿֻһܳصڽ𹭣Ңվû
Ңҡͷֻ̫á
ʡ
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Ϣһʦˣղǳ䣬ʦ˸߰˰ˣвָ֮䡣
ҢڲƺϣתͷĲ
Ź⣬ʦָʱ࣬Ǹѧ̬ȣҢһξԲλࡣ

Ңˤڰ˰֮
ӱ̼Ҫ֮ƿزסˣ£һͷϿĸˤ˸ֱ۹ۡ
˱ͻعʱ򣬹үǰһڣЩιȥ

311һָˣ1

֮ǰԷҢȫѪǻԵģ֮ǰ̫ҽѾ˿ڡ
ԼĴϣתѵҢãؿΧԼˡ
ò٣һľ۾ϡ
ҢôʶЩΪɥġ
Ңغһ
Сģôүţɫѿ
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ĸҪ汻˾֣ǧţЩ˵Ǻ㱨𡣡һߵ
˷׷׵ͷ͡

ҢԼľ̶ס֣ȻƫͷҺۣϢ
үһɨǶȳȥ
գ۵Ĺǻ˳ˮȥĿƺ²٣Ң˸ǳǳ۾
ԴЩ˿Ҳۡ
òƻ֮ǰۿ޹
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ڻʼԷ£Ҳطȥָ

ͬѴı۵ģջʺڳµĵһʱ϶ƥ϶ֽŲŻᵼҢСˤ
Ȼܵƥȴδκ쳣
ܣջʺմʹӦС϶Ϊľôһ죬£ɺϣȥ飬ܷŹκ˿
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ˡջʺټ飬͵ʲô¶ûС
㶣ҲΥʺ˼ܿˡ
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ʵڿȥֲó԰ߣֻίӸȥУ޷дλãߣ룬Σ
˳̨£ֺĸ񣬡ˡ

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ǱĻջʺ󴽽ЦСС;ͶˣǸúӡ
ûƺ۵׵Įȡ

ٴҰպ糯
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һ֪׼ǻʺԼڶΣ˽ϵ⼸λǳ档
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ҢСĴˤˣԺȥˡԪش

ҵʱԪûеһʱԼ䣬ֱȥٰüү̡
ΡҲڣֱӰԼҪȥӵ˵˳
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Ԫȷʵ󣬲һ֮
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˶ٱûĿǰ޲ܰԼɰ˰꣬һ೤ֻ֡

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ǵõĹ裬ҪҶҿȥ˰
ЦȥŮֲŸ˴ܣʲôֻȥͱˣͷ̧ͷͷģ첻Բڣ
ӱʹ˻طѣ뵽ʲôֿˡүˣҪٷߣ
ˡûڣһûүöͷ϶ðǰͲò˫Ͻɻȥźã˭ϡǼҷ
ˡ˵ò˼졣
ԭĸþܾɺӸأԼոյϵǷݽ־ϲ鵽ỹûɢǳԲȥģϽȥĸӣиһ
Ͼηʱ򲢲ô˳
ˡ롣
Ӳȡֵˣϱô˵ϸˡүɫʵֱӵⷹͲˣȥѣֱߡ
ˡԣɿ
ŻطȥⷿƷǼĿǰĽȦӲ󣬿ⷿĶһлģһǻ͵ġ
ǵԥ˻ʹĶٰװá
ӶûͰԼͷʰá
Ѿȥ֪ͨүˡ
յϵˡվҴϵΡ򸾵
ԪŽԼУ毣԰źˡͳš
ˡġ
֪СĸǰˣŻûԵۼڣһȥɣʱͲ鷳ͷˣһһصģ·̻ͦԶ˼Ҳܡ
Ӳ֪ôĿǸˡΧֻϱ˼ϸ壬ȫ¾ʮ̹
ֲϹȥǰȰϳָӸ˵СԺ󣬴ʸǼ£һŽȥ
ӼòˣֱӴϽĻȥżŮøȰȡ
ŵĻЦ
Ŀ뿪毣ذɣ
һ˫۾Զȥƨɿʱջ񣬡СøǲرǮ
üʣʲô
ֻ뵽Сøӵıϲ񣬾ò˼顣
ǻ˶ӵ˼ҹүűϲǱֻƵ¶Сøһ֣ɶׯ˼ҼĽˡ
ãĸ˵Сùü޵ǽȻǼǮ˵ˣСøǼжӣͷϵ̫̫̫̫ȫСùһ̥أ˸СӲ˵˳Ů˼ܲһˣ͵Ȼˡ
˶٣˵Ҫʵں棬ʱ򣬴ȥʶʶ
ЦЦлл

ｫ
ӸҪ³类˸ˣһƣͷˡ
ˡѣĸϸ¡
ӲŽŵ˲һ½լжֻߴˡЩȥɣ
˴һ·ʣ֮ǰǲǻȥǼ̫̫
ˡ˵ã̫̫Ӧöڲֱȥܼˡ
ˣӻǽţֱӸˡ˵һҪ˵ģ㰵иҵݸɫһֹˣ׵ˡ
Ҫƽʱ۳ܣû¹˭ҪǿǵŮ˼ҵϱԼôŶøŮӡ
ԭĸýŵԼȫߵˡ
ĸԼŵӣЦ£Ǽ̫̫ĸһ˵ֱϲĨǣһҪʲôֻ˵û¶ġ
һ⻰ͲףֻżŮøˡ
ӴŵԺӲǵ˶ãͦԶլֶ࣬߹հƣӶƳŵʱˡڳ˵ˡ
ӸߣԶͷӤ͸˵˵

317ǰδеУ1

ӽŲ˶١
ˡͻȻԼ˲ӦĸԵƬ̣СԽȥͨһ̫̫и׼
˻ûߣŮźη÷֦
үˣ
÷֦¶ϲŲϣмɻ󣬡λ̫̫ǡ
׼̵̫̫ĸסˡ˵Ҹȥϲһġ
÷֦˺һǰ񣬡ū澸̫̫밲
μҸˣ밲ƽʱ٣Ӳ֪˼ҵĹɶģֻԼҸС
÷֦ȥͨˡԸ
ūȥ÷֦񣬿תŲܡ
ʱĲ֣ηѾ˯һ
٣һˣһ˷
˺̫̫ڣ÷֦ȥ
ȴѾͷȥûϲ̵ظ˵ˣ̫̫׼̫̫ˡ
ʲôЩΪԼ
÷ְ֦ѻظһ顣
̫̫Ķˣ㻹װϽİ˸ӽ
վֻû뵽׼ĸȻһˡ
˵ˡηСڳһ࣬׼ĸȴδʽ档
ûһμ棬Ȼڶϱӵʱ
˼˳ߡ
˫żͼˡһԼĪʮͷ̫̫վͷ
̫̫ʯɫֵȼףͷûйװΣֻ򵥵һͷȴһ˿
֪׼ĸҪδԶӭʵʧ񡣡ǰɫ
ˡˣϸӽܣĸλ
ԭ׼ҷˡӿٴ˸кóЦ԰ѻ⳶ηϣʣզˣ
ʵʱӸأ˯һ̫̫˵أ
һ˵һҪ̫̫ݡ
ͬҲó׼̫̫Լ곤٣׹ϵԼҲǲΥ͵ġ
æʹʹãԸ߾ˡ
ˡΣæм⣬ĸǲϰߣͱǿˡ
ˣ䴽ЦȻջ֣׼ĸ
ˡǰùû
ʵ»Էʱοˡô̵ʱڴת͸μҳԷˣ׼ĸ棬ǵ߹һʡ
ˡҡͷ˵ûС
ʱ÷֦ϷԸȥ֪ͨһ챸ϯ档
÷֦Ҳ֪רΪ׼̫̫ģûʣתԺţźСܡ
Ժ̺ĸڣˡȥˣĸͽˡ
˵ͷæȥɣ
ˡߺ˴ͷݡ
η˵ˣ۰Ͱ͵صš
ȼŸˣȦٿһºˣɤӺ
զˣ
Ӷ˲ϸ̫̫кֱŮĴ齱ߣһס֡
˼æηͷɲܿޣ޻۾
ηˣŰƻȥôˣ
ӳô¶һģˣ
ηЦ˵Լ˼
´ΪɫЩ԰֮⣬űˣӹò̥ʮڼҲò
ֽĿŲһԡ
Ѿι̱
ճСӤûʲô񣬳Ա֮Ϳʼ˯
ֻҪһޣͶͦ
ȡûʡ
ηš
ʱ֮ǰ˵ģŮͽоǾ棬ӣͽоͣҪһһŮǾ͸ѡһ
꣬ηҸ̫̫ȡģһһŮҪĸ֣Ըɣ
ź̫ŶڣηɲţֻЦЦ๫ѡɣ
̫̫˼ֱӸ˵ģ˵ĸĸСӡ
ע⵽λ̫̫Աߣæת˴к˵ԼǰççײײģûкһֱӾ͸Ůˡ
̫̫ЦŮֲӵģŮѲɻ̫ţ
ӶģŸͣǼ̫̫˵һˣǿЦѣ׼ĸǧ򵱲档
ӵ̫̫ͦϲġ
һֻع鵽ȡ¶ϡ
ηӡ
ӵȻλŶŻˣϲĸԸɣ
ηͷһ˫Ůĥ˻Ǿ;Ǻ;ɣϲ
ûͰѡģŮ쾲ǣ쾲
ӱС˵࣬ͦ
̫̫һۡ
ӱһ˫̥أˣϰηڵùǺЩû˳
ηź̫˵©죬æ˵ɫ
ϱзִˣȻ׼ĸǰһͨ˵Ӧ䡣
ͨ˵ϯ汸ã˸ǽתƻ⣬԰ӽȥ
ηҪӣţݡ
ȷûˣˡʱ˸ʳУʳǺ̱ĳʳ
ηڴͷﱧŸ˯ѵľǣú棬֮ǰǸԼһģ̶һҹͱ˻ԼԱߡ
ʱֺأüͰ͵ģ˵һʱ֮䣬ȫûܰԼĸסλãܾñŤԽܣȼЩѹȥٿӣȻûôÿһ뵽ԼģͿʼȡ
ϱˡͻȻ
η̧ͷվڸˣЦӯӯԼ˫ͨ۾Ѫ˿δȥ
˰ɣͷ
һ˵һߵ齱ߣʳУĳʳóŵͷϡ
η뵽ҹӵʱôһ̣ԼҲˣڲﺰִŶЦˡ
˿ټȻǰδеС
ˡη
ţ
ηỨʺþã˵쵰
⻰
ǿҵʹҲΪ_(:١)_

318ʲô˲õܣ2

ˡԣЦ˹룬õһ£Ҩιߡ
ιηöֺȡ
˰ֺ࣬˰ηҡͷ˵Բ¡
ˡС룬ĿС
ǵطѾðײסֱѸţʲôԣĴжˣ˯Աߡ
η棬ˡͬΪ˼飬һϵĹ̥СһﾹȻнŵڴ˯ˡ
ϱ۲ˡҹڲ⣬Լˡ
ۣ˵ô죿
ˡŵȥѸҽ
꣬Ҫ
ηһקס˵
˻ûʲôһקᡣ
ˡһæ˷
η˳ƿϣԹû
ˡ˵Թˡ
ʵϣûʲôθڡ
յϵһ죬η뷨һģʱڻ޷Լλá
ˡƽʱɵ˵ˣͻȻصҪʱȥӦȥĥϡ
Ҹո˵ǰϯ棬ôȥηʡ
ȥˣ˭㣿
㡣ֲ١
ˡüĿ治Ҫң
ηߣҪʱȥˣ
ˡǶһϣ⻹
ηһ֪϶ˣ⻰˵̫Ƿᡣ
ȭͷη봷£ȭͷȴȵĴסͷһת˵ϱŸôģһᡣ
ηԼ֣첲ϺݺšһѣУ
ˡס磬ڹУ治ˣ
ɵӣηֺֺЦ۵ʱȥˡ
ĸûкһ㣿ˡʡ
֮ǰ˺̫̫̽Ϊľ¶ηΪԽܣ鲻̫졣
ǶλȰ˰죬ҲûʲôãԾƵģ˭˵
ʵηԼֲףŵʱÿ춼ŶӸ˵ôǵԺȴôû취ܡ
Ҳ֪ϵת̫ͻȻǱԼԤеͬСʱڣη˶ãģһƬհס
ź̫˵ЩûˣֻǸоûá
תžӵʱ
ûĻԼͷһ̽
ﲻԴǲ˵Щ˵ĻηҲֵů⣬ż˸˵ο

ûˡΪ˯ˣƫͷһƣη˫ۣʣô˵ˣ
ηǲŻعӦǰ⣬ҵȻˡ
ģ
ûƭ㡣
ôӦңǵģúӣҪʵ̲סҾͺˡ


ϯ̫̫˻η˵
ĸŮദģʽηǰûʲô˵ϼ䣬Ӿ͵
ηϰӣԽԽЦƺܸ˵ӡ
źСѾǿĿࡣ
ҴΣӾ͵ûȥˡ
η᲻Ҫ죿˸ŷס¡
ûͬ⣬˵ɣɩȥŵȥţȥѧõȥѧã˭
˵ҴѾˣӦû¶ɣѾǰڼûٴãо顣
ûо¶𣿽ɲºӣڳԵľܻǼҵСأԸ˭Ҷġ
ηֱƤ˵ôˣǱӾǸݡ
ҲҵĽݡ˵ٸˣƤӣɼɶֲǲ֪СڳģϱͷֻһţңѲɻСݽӣ
ηͻȻЦҾһ仰ôϸ𣿻¼Сĥ
Ǻ㶼ĥ㣬զͲĥϱˣ
ηǷ죬ϣ˵Ķԣɫ磬ȥɣ
ҲֻǿЦѡ
˺ӣһ۾㲻ˣĸֱסŮҵģⲻֱӴŵԹչ˲öϱ
㻹⡣˵Ҫסˣϲ˵϶뷨
ãĸŮĥһȥˡ
ƼҲˣηֱӱЦⲻȥһ·ߡ
ѣҿɾ˰
ţ÷֦̫̫

ηӣȥǡ
æ˱ЩƷȻԽ͵⡣
ˡҲ˳Ҫĸظ
Ӱ˵ãǰԼģֱӻȥˣˡ鷳
ûͬ⣬Ըӣˡúĸ
ˡӦǣнӹС
ŮִҪͣûپֻܾǰȥϲѾ٣ò˰ɣ
˵ȥģǱϲ͵ģҵ׼ĸĲƷûȥӣҲʲôֵǮʰˡ

Ԫ˶緹ûȵϵԲ͵ߣҪڹ֮ǰȥ
ùԺطȻûš
ԪС֪˴ϵھûŶûԡ
ԪҲܷģ
Сʵ˵ÿͶ硢ͳϦʱһ٣죬¶˯ܾãٽϲϴֱӲμӹ磬ڼ䲻ūǽȥš
СУԪ˵˯ʱҹҪأҲֻ档
ɫͿ쿪ʼ˰ɣôУҽȥ򡣡
Сɫ΢䣬סүΪūš
Ԫ΢΢һЦ󺰣£ˣ
Сתͷһơ
ԪûƿȥȻš
Сּ³£ţֻͷɵۡ
Ԫ׼
ŵ߽ڵҪڣͱǰľ󾪴ˡ
ǸӡϿɵӣ˯߱ӣṰͷúõĽ巽ڴͷ
Ԫʲô˲õĴܡ

319Ի飨3

Ԫԭأ֪ðڳʲô
ѹС˵˯ʱͷҹԭ˾ȻŲΪ֪һ档
ƽﲻЦɼ˯߱ӹͷ
ⷴ⧲
°ŪѣԪûȥӣҲûͷŵ˳ȥ
С켱ˣ۳Ԫæʣôû
Ԫ̯֣˯㡣
ûɣСʡ
ԪζЦЦ
Ϊ˲ԼСë¶˸ǰϲҪ˽ź
ԪţʱԼҪǸҰѵײ˽ϾԻ᳭ľֶϣܱסСǶᷣ
Сļ磬Ԫ˵˾ʮְοĻİɣأ
Сɿ漴ü۳ŹҪʼˣ»û𣬿ôѽ
ô죬ֱŰ
Ԫ˵ţС֣°Űĵ졣
һģһߺ£𴲶
С
ڵѣۣʶ˺һֲ֪ϦϦĸо
Լֻʣ£ȥˣͷһߣɱΪλʾ˯жѿ
ͷСʲôɣʲôܿƣΨ߱ӹͷôĲˡ
Ϊ˲Ƿ֣˯һˣҹ˯֮ǰҲ˽
ڼƵġ
üӴͷùϣٵộ߳ڵ
ԪŰĵû˺𾢣Ȼź洫һͺȣ죡
ͺȻֹ
ԪȥֻڰգѾ򿪣ǰ
ԪצȥΪ֣˳Ƹ˸񣬡¡
㲻ǻؼҹôôͻعˣ
ԪʣҪʱ᲻ᰤǲᣬھۻȥܸϼԲ
Ƴһۣ㴫šĿתǸСȪǱˣ
ȪǽϾйĵط
ص£½½빬Ϳ쿪ʼˡ
šһԸϴĶý
ܿС𣬴ͷĹͭ裬ͭǸնҺõˮλ̣޽ϴ࣬βƳɵˢˢԱǸԲεĴɺУɺװƳɵۡ
λ˵ģһҪĻۡ
ԪһӹصԼԵСϣ
ǽ֪ƽﶼû̫ע⡣
ͷǰЩӴ¸͵
Ԫܸӡ
ԪܵܽͻȻð̫ܾĲԾ
ɣǲǹԲŻСô
үūȥš
ȫ֪Ԫ룬ܹеһ䡣
Ԫͷɣ
ƹƣҪԵģӣƣ
ϴ´óŵʱ·ԪƫС쵰߳Եһһڵӡ
ջĿ⣬ѵ߳ùţŸȪȥ
źԪ
ԪԱ㣬һᣬƳ빬ˣ
صūŴСĹѧ걻͹ź򡣡
Ԫܺ棬ҲǴߵˣô꣬Ĵûȥعҹ
ҡͷǴµĹأ˯Ҫҹ֮ǰκ˽ȥţǻ˶һ
ԪءŶһ״롣
κ¶˵˯߱ӹͷŻһݵ۵㡣
Ԫûн˶̰ãֻ̲סȥ룬ʹģȢϱô죿˱ˣҹҹͬķޣ

޷Ǿô¶磬ٹ֣ͬڼټӼθˡ
ҹи»ڣעɢϯ
Աߣżĸ仰
ӹѵЩֳϣһֻӦ̬ȣ޶¡
˵ע輧ϣսСѾͬ㸸ȹ;찲Ի飬Ҫǰи׼
Ի飬ָĻʮ굽ʮ֮䣬ŽܻǰɣӳνӴģǹŮ
ԣžƱָս꣬ʮꡣ
ЦѡĸѾɫˣ㹬ֻҪʮ꣬ʲôʱң㶼Լ
£ֵҼ㹬мˮģǾ⣬ҲС
Ŀб̨ϵ輧ɤ˵ɣ
²ߣ˵㲻ذԼƵôݣͬ亢УѾ㹻㣬÷ɵʱҪʵɣϾʮ꣬Ǹӣѹ̫ҵӹǳԲ
Ѿϰߡ˵
ĿΣʲôиǿУСС;ۿɲʲôͷĸĻ𣿡
ס
ǲġ
ЩѾ˵ֹһΣȻÿҶ
˼ǶúҪúѧȫŶϢ
һֱܵӹǣÿҪ̫ҽиѰƽ
ʵȴǣΪһ˶ҪǿټϢʱȶԼ࣬ȴûʲô󰭡
˻д̫ӵ¡
㣬Ұ½֪Ϊ̫ӣٹĿûܵ¶λʱ򣬲˷ԣ˵߶Ͷۡ
۰оƱδߡ
һԵջʺѣϣô󳼶أ
۵Ȼʺôż޻شˡ
ջʺڨڨϿó檿Ц
ŴǽͷӶģɵ˵Ƕδ꣬ʱ̫ӡ
ԣջʺ˿
Щʧ̾Ȼռ˾Եƣɶǳµãƫġ
һ첻䶨һû취ġ
ɫܵǲںǲ뵱̫ӣֻǾþֻûԼĿǰȫصǣҪģԼ㹻㣬㵽øʷɵĵز

320ƣ1

еʱѾʱ
ԣùԷ
ԪЪˣƫδƻһƬ
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ҹΪƲò˼ƢθյܣӹѾһ
Щҹ¸Ϣˡ
˯һһҹͰǰͷµ˯ʱҡҡͷñɣ
¡ͼȰ衣
ǹ꣬Ҳʮ꣬ŭĺͣɲܰӸˣϾǺܴҪʵ۵ˡ
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ֳŶͷпɣò̫ԣһѾȥѾȫ
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ȻʱȥԪѡ
빬ôãѾϰ˱̬ϢԪúɣϴ֮ƻ͸ֱˣ
ѹûۡ
ԪЦһһҹˣ˯ŲŹˡ
һάԼӣ༸²ܵôϢĻᣬ˵һһҹ˯ҹӦġ
Ԫ˵˯ҹӾ㲻Ҳñ

٩С̫༸䣬Ԫ泩·оˣ󲽿˸
ͷ̧
һҹδߣԪеһ䡣
ҹˣôǿţ˫۾Ҳܳ񲻼ѵʵ
ƺͷȻ˵ȥ鷿顣
Ԫһ˵û⣬һĥôԭ
ãǰĹôȥ鷿˲ŻصΪԼ޹ȴﵽѧЧ߼װ˯ʱġ
ʵϣԪˡ
ڹϵһϯ²̫ͬչǲĸʧԴһʱֻص㻻Լ޹
ôһֻҪùĹֹ̫ȥ˵ĸͷûܻ֪

ȥϢ幫źķԸҪԪ
Ԫҳվڣϵ
ԸʹȻٻ˶ĳ죬µùˣҲ
ԪʱԾһ飬ϸűݡ
һĶõı£˶죬ȴõ¯ࡣ

󣬶ŵ£ӵĹĴãͬ졣
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ҾжΡܴˣһҪȥģʣһ毡
ŮңŻδ೤ʶû
֪л빬ֱɵۡ
ʹֵܳĵط£ҲǸѾͷܵʳվվ˲ˣδл빬ȥһǴн̻Ի͵ĵطʲô
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һѡ毽һԼΡ
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СѾͷȻ֮ǰҲס£Ϊ˼ңӴ壬ټϵʱСɶҲԶ֪֮١
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˾ǵС㣬ӲһӴȦҲһ۽翪ˣضľˡ
ĳصÿգһ䣬嵱ôùôһһģ
һΡЩľȻȥܵһΣʣµģûһֵĿɷ֣ȫʵ˵
СѾͷ񫣬ٶིЩ
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毱ˣ⼸շʳظŽϰǣµʱ빬ççײײ˹˸鷳
毶Դ¸ģеȥ롣
ʲôŲһһ빬ֻǷҡ

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Ρ㸰紩ѣĳʳҩ¸ʹúʬܵңֻΪײΪףмһһȫƺõġò˵Էֶκܸ

321ζ౦2

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ͷһˣæȥţȴվŵ
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Ծɫ΢΢䣬Żҡ
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ܣ˾Σ˲˷ͿƵĶƹսҹķ٣յһƮμңûڹһǳʲô⡣ֻߣǶ˸ˡ
˵˵ɫ쳣ѿһΡ⾩û˶ôĵ⡣
ѾϲһѪɫܵ˭ˣ˵ڸôɣСĿǹͷ⣬Ҫ֪յƸйأưոݵġ
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У
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ȱ𼱣취ġ
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㾿ʲô취˵
ƣյú˵һ˫۾ôţë
֮˵ԺŪҢ˶ȥˣֻҪʱڽ֤Էϣתע
ǡ
˵꣬˿ĸͩԷЩʱµ鷳Ӧˡ
ʹ˫Цܿ챻ѹ£̧ͷԾǰǸӯӯģҡܰʲô
취˵ĸȻȥҪ̲鵽ǶǧΪŶ¶ڡ
áͷ
ԺӣԺֺһ¾ͿޣǶñ¶
۴Ӧܿ죬ӰʧҹɫС
褻صڵ¡
ǰԸ˱Ȳ衣
ģ˰ա
ûȣüͷʾڳ˼Բߡ
ѵõûдţ
˻Ϊ֮ƣֻˮ
СĸЫģ̲ԸһˣǸˣϲΪǵ˽¸Щ¡
˵֪ľһΣͨɱ֣׼ӣ֪ΪʲôʧܡҲ֪ΪΡȻ˼Ǿ;һ㲻ţʱ򱻻ɵֻһҧΡΡŻ취ùŻģûаϵ
ô̵ʱ뵽Բߣ褶ԺЩĿ࿴Ĵǣǵ˵𣿡
ǹܲţܲš

Ժߣһ𽫹δԴҢû˰
ŶֱϺͰϴĿĵˣչǻŭΪУ¡
ڶӴǰĹЩŵÿ޲
ҢǱȱģһʱȥ
˱͵չԺѾԲѣڴ˿ڡ
˱һĵ˽˶Ҫۣ˿ڵʱڻ˯УҢҲΪʹšüͷ
ү֮࣬ŭˣȥ飬ݻҳʬΣ

Ժæһŵʱ˽Сʹү
ʲôչϲӬƵİڰ֣ȥ
ػ˻ûţѾ˵Сĳô¶Ϊ򣬹ΪͲҪ⵱ڸ˰ɣϾҽСĺѰײҪ¡
һ˵һ潫Ͷϵˡ
ԭ㿡ɵһ˰ߣ˴ССˮ壬˲λɫʺˮףţۡ
·ϣѾ׼ȻͻȻҢ˿ڣǱЩûܱס
˰˸ɫ
΢ףСĵôˣ
չ˵ȫ˵ɿӥֱŴĶŪ۶ӡ
ûսҢ˿֪ģرۣҽһҢͱѡ
һۿڴǰĸָץǣҵۣ۰
˱һǿỨĸ̣ڴ˿ڣһþͲˡ
Ңѵƫͷ׵չʹۿź죬㣬ܲܰæ澵Ӹң
á褸ҪתһקסϧҢСģˣȹʱٿҲеġ
Ңһ˰ء
ԺŻʱ֪ģֻź˲֪Ϊʲôȫ߿ˣڴ϶ãֻŻӽԼ䣬˻ĴϣȻͱ
ȥ澵Ӹҡ
Ңۿĺ졣
ۣǻˣûоӣʵ
Сģһֱġסû˵ֻ֡
Ңֻת
˳ˣʲôӣǲǳĸԼ£֮£һ䡣
ҢȻ

326ԭô1

ӿޣչĳ˵ĸģѾȥ̫ҽԺԺˣڣһָġ
ͳӸĨᣬܿޣһ䵽˿ϻۡ
ҢȻ۾Ƕȥһ˾
һҹ֮䷢ôıʣδˣǻݣûʲô۵˵Щܲס
չ˵ʲô˵үȳȥɣ˳СһʱԽҲеģͱٴ̼ˡ
չ̾˿Ϻ˺褣˳䣬ֻͷźӡ
վϣչɨ˷ޣû˭ŵĻ𣿡
˵żҳ׵С⣬ֻǱ߾Ժ̫ԶֹҲԺȿŶԡ
չԭҲûϣ˵仨ԸǷ꣬ö뿪ǱѾ߸ϣĽ
ŹүȦٿغˣ۽ǣүˣôˣ
չһܳλ¼ˣŭӯȽ϶Թ˵ʱᣬѾȥ̫ҽԺԺףò˶þܵ
ѾصҪԺ׵ĵزˣĿɿڴүԺź˲٣·ͻȻô˼һѵʮĺӶȲ
ǰһ˼ȫڶϣûģһͨ߶߶չıζˣ̫ѨͻͻԸˣȥĸԺѾСȫ
վŲὨ飬ΪԷһñȥеĺá
չôţӻʹˣ
˵Ц˶ҹݻйأСǲȥֻǵΪһ˶ֳҪᡣΪ˱ӣûȥ
ȥɣԸ¡
С˸ӣ¶ٸˣչ˺һۣȥ
첻ĸһˣתȥ
Ĺϱֻʣչ˺ˡ
ŻԺӲϴǾȻĵô˴ž
۳Զ˲ſչһЩ˶вڳɣδã
չͷϣֱŭ⣬ؼʱһڣĸˣҹģ
ŮǾãǲֱĻ֮˵⡣
һֱû˵ͻȻ
˵˴ΪСĵæýͷöͱǰˡ
褵ʹԴһ˽ѵĹģ๫˵üǣ֪ˡ
꣬ӸҪߡ
ȵȣչͻȻס褣ոյĻ˵һ顣
Щ£˰벽ɪ£òؿˣ๫
˶ͷȻˣ֪ʲô˵ʲô
ɣǡ
װɵ㶣үԲ̫ãĽ
˫ֽŵؽ°ڣûҿչΨΨŵŵŮڸո·˵֮ǰСԺͱˣɼԷĿһʼСġ
չЦЦؿ˵úܺãô֤أ
Ůû֤ݣȫƾϹµġ룬˵Ժ˭ע⵽СԺˣ˭пףϾֻиСԺ˺֣ŻȲҪɱڡ
չ꣬ȻûκλӦɫȴԽԽѿ
û˵ʲôȾͷ⴫һľ
ֳˡƲ⣬ⲻ۲չ
չüͷһ֮󣬴ǵسķߣⷢһ̲
үܲˬȥˣʲô
һ߾һ߶϶ؽͣףˣСԺˣȫȫˡ
չԣͫ͵һ
Ѿ˲ʲôﲻˣŲԼȥơ
ҢԺջأȻڼźǼڸû˵ƫԺѾʬ壬˵š
չ״Щһûú˹ȥ
˶һһ˼ѾӺС˵˿ڣȻվعүĻȫǱüƺ
أ
Сʱûҵ
չŭһ߷ԱߵĿľͰľͰݴƺʲô΢졣
ǰýŽľͰ߿Ȼϵĵ˲ݴĶһ֧Ѫӣ÷ۻϣСɵġ֡͡
Ĺ֧͡÷ǵү͸Ķ
еӣչȻ˫ҹŰİƲϲŭ
ͬ÷Ļк˷򸾣˶һۣľ
ԭź˵ļƻҪûƸΡģҢ;УͻȻ֣ƸΡʵҪֱӰСڼŹүʱʱ䵽֣ں£ȫ
ʱĿɫԵøᶨ
ʲôǣţ˺褵ʱûлɣضͷžֱӳԺˡ
ֵ֮ʱõģ˸չ˵ЩҲǰõġ
ֻǣû뵽ﾹȻô̵ʱڽָ֤
︡ƽĸ뵽ղڻ԰ʱ˵ʣʮָӡ

˺ɿȣ÷Ϊ֤ҹ˭ѾԶ
չŭ뿪ƫԺģǰԸˣ˰ˣֱͽ˳츮á
仰˾֪ԼϵΣ׽ˡ
չıӰС
չߺ褲ʺˣ֮ǰ˵ҪʬΣΪʲô˸͵˳츮ȥ
ѵǸ档
۹Ůˣô¶ܿˡڶϣ̫ѿ
褶Ů֮ķ绨ѩһϲֻͨڻعʱһ䣬Ҵ֪ԭô
ɾͶ˴óֶβνߡ

327λ˷ӣ2

ﱻߵʱ򣬺۴ԩ
չδκα粵͵Ļᣬֱ˰͸ϡ
ҢʮĶӣһСйأ˵һ檣˶ÿվ

ҹȥ̫ҽԺԺ׵£ܿ촫ջʺ̽ӣռ˭ˣ
̽ӵռԺˮүˡ
ʲôջʺɫ
û˸빬ĵ֪Щ鼸ò֤Ѿܲ¸˾Ųʮ
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һΣŸողþ׼һ˫˶ӺΡƻͱǰˣţռҳ£޹Сһˡ
ռҽҹʲôˮ˽˾һΣֱȡС
뵽ջʺ˱ۣӿֳǸֶӵΡ

˷޴ԺûмŻطȥͩԷ
˶ҹıֳ׾
űʱȴŰ˵ҹ̫ԼѾ˯ˣСȻȥʲô˵
褿һۺˣȻЪˣҪǻȻȥɣ
û˵תȴһĻһĻػŽҹ¡
ԺŻ𣬺ǣ˵СǴˣţ취
֮԰ͳţ˵ԼĶԲߣӲˮ
ԭܳռҴһˮһƻȫˡ
Ȼ󣬾ͱСڸļƻߡ
ڹǰ˵ЩͻȻڣǲݴɳֵ÷һеһУ̫޷죬֪ǰѻԼʧ£ЩΪҢı
褡ͻȻͣ½Ų
ôˣ褻ͷ
ûоãĸЩԾʳԼɻ
ֱü˵˵ʲô
˵ô߾֣ɾʹˣѵ֣Ǹƽʱų˿޻ǿ޵Ϊʲôôı£
ΣΪĸգ֪˻ΪΧ𣿡
Ϊǵɱˣ
˾ãŮ˰˳ɲǲֻǲԸʵˡ
Ȼ֮ƲƲ죬ֲûɱ
ռ֮ǰиǿ﷢˺ݣʯͷһҧͳ˺Դȥ
񶼻ǵãǸ˵ưڵʱѪִֺĿ
ʱûʲôɱ˳ֻʹ졣
ȴ˵ɱˣûпɽȹٸ鵽ᱻץ̵ġ
ǣĸŮռס

û𣿸ոȥͩԷʱǲġͼ˵ˣÿɱˣܻẦµһ˶ŮҲҼ
ζسһۣɿڣϣΪáҹеһжڱԺ
ҪĻŮ˾̫ˡ
֮⣬šüë㻳
ûУ˼롣˵ƽ
ȭͷҧгݣԺŻȫΪʧˣ㲻жҲˣȻһˣŲţھȥ߹
û˵꣬;ͱ˵ָס
ɫ¹¶˫۾һϵˣҪǲֻͱҲʹ죬Ҳʲô³
˵˻ֻܸɵۡ
˽ŲŮ˷裬˵ˣȥĵơ
ᡣ
һ̣־ͱ˵İס£عͷһģޱͬ񣬾ͷҪҲһɣӾأ
ûɵض⣬֣˰벽۽ޣֻҪ㲻ʲô˵

Ժ׵ʱҢ˽ȥҽΣڴ϶ˣ̬ȴǿӲ˶
ø˿ԼǸģ
˱ŵȰȰҢһֱƢ
ʵû취չòѹ˽гﴵ˵̣ȶӻ֮󣬲Ժ׽ȥơ
Ժ׿֮˵еΣҲϣָǰҢԹϣ̵ĿԺܴ
̫ҽԺϾҽ뻯˲ţһˣ֢㲻϶Ѷȡ
չģʶκá
Ժ˵ƳЩԹǰүͨһ£ڼ䣬Ҫ

Ңʱչ˶ǲȥԼ̸
ҢѾⳡڵñ̬˭á
ү룬ֱӸ˵㲻ҽΣûָָܻˣµλСӣ˼ڸ˵
ҢЭˡ

ɹռҽһң󣬴Żع
ٰ
̫հѿջ٣־˵ʺ밲
ɣ̫ȥ϶Σ
ջʺӯĲ߽˸
̫ôĿɨżղʺɫƺ˺ܶ࣬ĪǱյظʬˣ
ջʺ̾ϢһǹŮǰ̸źӷƢʱһſϣֱʬء˵ţ檵ôҲôûˣ󻹲ðʵڿ
̫Ц󲻵ðʺûǰ̫ࣿ
ָⷬɣĻջʺ΢΢һ
֮»ָЦݣϧ˵նĸڳһܼλ˷ӡ
Ƿ׹Ůܲ
̫첻ϯǺ¼𷼻ʧƳߣԲŹƵġ
±ջʺἰ̫ƽﻹϸ΢Ĵ
Ŷӣ
صλκּӡջʺ˵統죬ĲǳһˣºҲ˵ú񷼻أ
̫΢΢һЦˣҲ˵ĳڸʬǸԱ߿һˣúʺǴǧ治УһһͣǼʶˡ

328ֻҪܱ𣬸ԸΪ檣3

ջʺ̸̫ܲעջʺܶճ
صһʱ˱ȥ̽үҢ
Ƴڣ˿Ңÿҹﶼᱻѡ
͹û
ҹ䣬ֻʣҹѾСˡ
£Ĺ̫̽Ң˻תѾ߽үֹˡ
Ϊĸ飬ЩϥǶˣȻչɿھǲɿڡ
¹ҢǾͷ⣬ôװݣ
ȻôϲǾúùŰɣ
չڰ֣תҡ
Ңʹڸ˭˵أ
չû˭Ļ˶ˣĸոоô
Ң۽ޣǺۡ
䣬˻һüšһ
չľһ£˵ˣúŰɣ
˵ľϣֻҪһ죬ضǣ߼⣬ʹ⡣
Ңűɫʶ͡
˵µ·˯˯ţζڹӼ
չƺӵ˼ֻҪúˣȻָˣȥӼ࣬ڼҲУ뼸λ

˾ڴְ󰸵ĳΪ˱ҹζ࣬ʹ˲˲ٹ򣬳ɹ·
֪ĸѶһ׹ѣչеһ˿ϣ
óĬԣû̽Ң
ʼգҢ֪ԺŻֻ࣬뵽üûãĳ˳һ䣬չڳ˵ĸڸףûչ

ѾѧûȥĹݣĸҪԼףףѾݲˡ
һȥ԰ɢżȻ
뵽⸮ҲǸܴģϧĸоԷ˼䡣
˵ĸо̫ƽ׽ˣĵ󣬰Լ¶
ʱĸױͲЩŮûˣĸ׼ŰҼ޳ȥǵ˸׿ϵģҲ֪Ұʲô˼ҡ
ǿ͸żΪ
˵α٣ûĸۣ㻹иùá
еġùá½Ҵǡ
ĻЩ㶡
ˣùһԼô£ԼβȥͶ

պǴǻŭ
չֻ̽ҢģͿ˰ѹӭ˭վſھͶ𣬡ôԼҸϹģǼҳ²ùҲͬһƽ⣿
ֱüһǣô˵أ
ŹˣһĨЦȻɩˣҵҪú㣬ΪʲôסҪܵǼȥۣ
չԴˣ㵽ں˵˵Щʲô
Һ˵˵ɫѿǰգȥǶֻΪ鲻죬˻ԿɵãȥأֱײǼұһ飬̫ү̫̫ѾŭԼ˵ɣǼôţ
˰գһԵ֣ʣô£
ֵӵȷгΪȥ½ң˴ڣûϱŵ˺ү徲
գһֱ³βȵ˰벽ˡ
׹ϵ½ҺռʵһֱԸġ
ԼҸϵĹ½ұײô˵£ΣչǹңףһȥļҶɻȢ
ͬڹ˵ңչŭЦӻҹŮף㻹ʦȻһĶˣã˾ó˵ţҪȥϸ½Һúۣ
ŭۡ
ӣȢҲûʲôڱ֮ڵҹȫǱүƵģҪǲָ˵ȥүŹ
չһ˵ҲʱӦҧǾͲţô˵ҲǼҹ˴ףʵúûеҪ˵ҲǼҸɣ
ǲֵҪ˵Ҳûʲôãұ׹ϵֶŮȥźӣҲϼˣǴ¶ôһ鲻ԸӣǾǼҹ䲻ӣ
ͻȻЦһĸҲֻǼұСǼҲҪ˵½Ҹ˵ſԣýƸһûУֱӴƫŽ޹ţ˵ʲôš
㡭ˣùүҵĹŮжŶȢС
һ˵ǼҪ⣬ֻܰ˸½ҿԵʲôû
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˱һӻǰܾҵģҳ£ѵûһˣŲҲͰˣҹֱ̫
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չŭֱǹȥ

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½ңԺ鷿
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½ƽɫƽ㣬Ϊϲ㣬֮ǰĳŵ
֣صͷҲչǷǲְͽα·Ҳ䵽أӽ½ţռƲ
½ƽ۴΢
û½̱˽ᱻƼ½ƽһֶѣ翴½̱ϲ죬˵ֻҪܱԸ檡
½ƽŻ˾ʱ½̱Ͷͱͨ˰鴫￪ռҲò½š

ջʺ̫ռҺ½Ҷ෽ݱӰ쵽μҵƽ
¸ۡˣ˶ˣʼˣǼҵСԾɹܰƽ
·Źȥûãһת۾͵ǶԻ¾ơ

329ɽ̵ĺã1

֮ǰ˵ҵһ
ͷ֪ͨСҲɸΪ·
ΡҪȥԺԪùǸϯˡ
ȥģֻйš毺ͽ
ԭϵɲȥη֪ͨģ˵ӳôã޶ˣ׼һûʽ棬Щ˵ȥ
ϵҲ˵ȥվ³ǰ˰죬Ըѡ·
پӣ֪ҪȥĽ˷ܣѵʱƤɵЩΪСһﻻ˸ˡ
Ѿźʰá
ʱڸСһﴩӣ״ǰ˰֡
Сһһ˷;𣬡㡱ͣ
毱ˣöͷС
˫§毵ĲӣСƨ׸Ҵ¡
һҪȥСܵСã߲ˣ
СܵСã
ƣСȴֳ˻ֱͷ
֪ԼҶӵĵУ˵ԴøƵģʵϣѹͲ֪˵Щʲô
ЦСһ֪˼ҲͷˣӴ֪Ŵ廹
ӦŴ˵ҿɲѡ
Ц忴Ҳǻѵѽ
ôһ˵ϸĥ˻ûΡʲôʱƭ
뵽ԼոһڴֱϿۣô˿ȣ˲˵ˣȥү̣׼û׼۾ͳˡ
ȥٰûһ£ٻʱүͷͺˣأ
Ŷӣ毰ϵܺ
ܺһͷԸõ⡣
ȥЩ룬Сһ϶Ӷòǰ׼
ΡȥԺհߴתҪŻȥֲŷС롣
֪Ҫˣ˲ȥԵߡ
Ӻϵһݳ
ŶӺһֲݳ
һ˺ܿ쳯ųȥ
ϣûĽʼ
ʣǲǸոûó緹Ҫôһϳͺ
ùܺУ϶ظиǰͷһΣһ˸ȵļ˿ţСһ֪Ҫȥ棬ֵһûԣ˷ܾˣɲúߺߣ
һ˵һ潫ιСһߡ
æֽӹССڵؿ
Ū·ϽϵСһﲱϵš
һ飬Ҫڶ顣
ڶ˦Դ˵Ҫ
˸뱥СһоˣԴף硭
粻ڣʱٻòã
Ͳ˵
ϲȥʱ˶֡
ڣҲڣСһЩơ
˵û׼һлǼˡ
꣬Щȷؿ񣬡СùӦûлİɣ
ףﲻڲҪôһݣֻǲ֪˭
μҰᵽլûãǱߵլӾлҡ
лרȥǽɣǰЩӸŪá
ϳĽԺлӴ᷿ᵽԭסԺ
лһסһ飬ллøסݣǼҶ᷿
ûּңлϱΪǮ¶ڻлĴǰնĹϵҲǰ
Щ£Ҹ̫Զη֪лϱҪæ⣬ֻǾ鷳ˡ

ҵʱŶ
˵׼ĸˣԳӭӣڸӺϵ˵Ц
ĿԱյϡ
ԼӦǰųȥˡ
û񿴵˾Ȼллϱ
毵˸ɫ˺ܿǰȥк
ûϵڴǣл㶣ôˣ
Ц˵û£͸ˣզûϣҲû
ɩӲˬϯڼҴˡ
ػлϱ
ûʣл˵ǰͷ빫̸λǷţĵҷˡ
лˣֱ꣬ô᣿
˵˼ұúá
ʲôƽʱյĶ϶ûٽҲû
⻰˵òǳϣе㡰Ʋˡ˼
ò̫׵Ц毲һ䣬Ů£ңﱲˣ˻ûĵĸǷϣȻᡣ
лֲʲôɵģֶϱھԼӣЦЦ찡ҪȥúٿǮ
񴽽䣬ܺĸһʱģҾñȺǮ׬
СлϱͲ˵Ȼһ
ûҾӹɽ̵ĺá
һ仰лϱҭסЦ
Ǳ׼ĸһ£ܿлк֮˽š
лøϵȥԺȲ衣
ȫȥԺ
ηѾԡˣӻ·򲼡
һµʱ䣬Сһ𽥳װ۵ӸǻȫһӦˡĸסɫηཱུС첲Сȶɵ¶Ц
̣׼̫̫ˡ÷֦ͻȻܽզզ˵һ䡣
η￴úӣԼҪȥӭѾӴӡл衢Ǽ˽
ηˣùȥ
׵֣ǰ˼վҡǰ
ŷŵҡСһѾԱ˯
ָָһתͷ񣬸ףá
ηЦˣԣǵܵܡ
ָָһ۾ŹùãǴʣܵܣ
ηЦ˵ǲԣá
˹СԴеΣ࣬Ϊʲôһǵܵܣһã
صߣǼϷ۽С죬ηܵòܳԡ
һۿͼ񣺡
ηˣ۽̶˵˵ܵòܳԣǾ͹ùԸԣǰɣ
꣬˳һ۽ͽ
Сһæ˵Ҳܳԡ

330ǰ2

һ仰õùõηЦǰ
⣬ӣСС;ģԹӺʹ϶гϢ
ηʱЦãػǿأ
ӰһۣһܵŶϱӣ
η˵ϣۣٵ׼ĸ׹Ůһӣô
ҭòᣬηһۡ
ĳϣѾͷƬҲ֪
ʱ˳ȴǷԸѾߣȥƣϯ氲źûУ
⻰ʱڵΡ
֪Լﲻóηûٱ
վߵηǰСùã۽Ұɣȥιԡ
ηǰڼǻƤݵСѾͷǰ꣬ƤϸˣŲĺҲˣǱϼҪˮöࡣ
Ѿͷ仯󡣡ηһװ۽Ӹһ˵ҪǴҪˣҶҴֶŮ
һ£ոιһ۽⻰Щ̡
˭˵أл毣񣺡Ű꣬ɩͰѾͷɹټСˣѾź˵иأҹţٳϢŶ˵ˣʱҪɶģƾ
ֵη֪͹ȥģλǰ̹СΣȥĹˣòţμ벻ã͸˹ȥηʱʾš
ҪûǴĻֶŮʮ˰ɣηٹһ꣬Ҳܶˡ
Ҹʲôķϲĵģϲġ
ôһ̸ԼĻ£ߵ޵ݣʼϲʲô͵ʱԺﲻȻֹǾһƳٴҡҡͷҲ֪
״ƳС飬ջĿ⣬Цʮ꣬ðĶѿأʲôûУʲôʺϹӣҪŰڸǰС׼ֱۡ
ǵҲǡηͬҲɣ೤ʶ
ᵽ毣ηϼҵĶɩС˵ʱѾŶˣ˰ɣ
ˡӽӻǸӡ
ηһϲɩǰѶӸˡ
ԼԵʣٻɩӵĳЩΪҲǲ⡣
׼ĸ棬ӲԼҶӶϱĲǣ˳η˼˼䡣
ʱǰǲȥѾ߻ˣϯѾãǷڹȥ
ûֱӻػǿӡ
ڱ˼ңȻûԸ⣬ӵ׼ĸ㣬ôŶɡ
ЦЦȻҾŲȥϯϰɣǱ߳Աġ
˵ţǰͷ·
Ӻлȥ
лϱںͷ
ηûҪߵ˼㲻ȥԷ
ηǵسҡһۣеġ
ȻѾڣʲôηû취ԼȥԷ
˸ǻЩų⣬ȺγϰߣӵԼһ֣ηŵ˯̫һӦȥ̽ϢÿζҪȷϺû²ܳɿ
񵱳ʱҲôСηӵȻﲻȥǾͱǿˣȥϯϳ԰ɣ˰ѷ͵Сӡ
ӵûҪǿǵη̵ݣĿֶЩҹķ̫̫˼
ˣתͷη˵û£ȥͲȥ츰Ŀֻǳʽģĸ͹ˡ
ηмؿһۡ
ǰԸ˸ɩͷ
ȥϯŲҡ£ϸ˿۵СӤЦ⣬֮ǰ˵ǾѾͷǾǣȡ
ηͷ˵ǡ
棬һ㶼ǳ
ôӣࣿʡ
˵ηͷۣˣǰֵҪһɣʵһˣһޣһ͸ſޣϼɱһϣȦصģѾüû˯Ⱦˡ
ЦЦǼҲ
ʲôָηƲƲ죬֮ĲޣˣҲõĸһǣǰЩӾ˵Ƕĳλ˼ңլر󷿺ûã˸Ƕ˰ߣι֮ǰԼȺҩ޶ûŵ¾زˣ£ŶëȻ
ҲģҲģһ˳Ų¶
ҷû¸ɡη˵ɩ㻹ȥĹݣǸۡ
źҵ֮ǰͰѺĹݵĿγ̸ѧ꣬ϧ㵱ȥʱһ˵
ҲͦãŴòôǺõģẦԼӡ
ֻɱ˵ŰҴѾǶ֣Ҫ̣ǾϱĲˣͷ֪ôҼأ
̸䣬÷֦˰˵ķͽ
η˵ĻҡСһͿ
סŵϸϹҪүȥι̣Ӱ쵽̳Է
ηûϣι
ãСӿеľԱˡ

ûţסãϸų˺óԵľҪҪ
毷Եһ룬СһûòηԺ
Сһһžˣ֮׵ĸ첲ק˵ҪȥȦȦ
ЩȻǵüǰȥȦȦ¶Ǿ̫ԶˣʣŪȦȦòã
Сһﲻͬ⣬Ҫȥ
ηʣʲôȦȦ
ֻʵѼǰԼȥκ˵˳
ηЦˣû뵽СһϲǸɩʹȥɣ綼һʱܸϳ

˵һ毺ͽ˳˽ֱžȥ;ƿӣ˸ʾԱվŲΧ۵ˣէһ۳ȥӶࡣ
ֲͣ£毴Žȣȥ˿
ٻʱʾ涼дʲô
Ϊϲöӣ˶ơ
һãȻʲôǶƣ
͵ƾٿһȣƾһ˼ڴѧӣᱻ¼һϳʸϿС
毻ǲ⣬ʲôϵأ
ƣζһƽʿ뺲ԺҲζлڵݻǰɢݣ˵ֱ׵㣬ԭҪĿǰˡ

331ľͺӵĳɳҪ1

С̫ܲףȴģл⣬˭ϣⳡǰ
ΪζŷְְζŴӽʽٺ»ԻٿŶǮ

ĿȦȦȥѾϼƺˣԼỮͳ˶Ļȥ˭ϲŵ·ͿˣƤӰϷ
СһΧ˺ܶˣԴ̽˼ۣͰȦȦ¶ӵ⣬ͷ졣
Ҳȥ棿
סͷ
ֲվŶӺֶŮ³һ˸˷ӣҼ壬ⶫǲժʵӣҷ󣬵ֱӰͷĺ˸ˣȻӣ⵷࣬ģѹСϰǾˡ
ֽţʳá
ˣƤӰϷİӴ˸֧˼һʣˣһǮͯѡ
ʮǮѰ˸ʱû˵Ŀˣ²صĹӿǡ
֮ǰһѹⳡ˲ࡣ
񽫶ӱϡԼ毵м䣬ĿͶˣƤӰϷİĻ
ûƤӰϷʼ
毿ͷֿһ۽СһƵýζӣҼ嶼˳ԣ񣬡˵Сһܿö𣿡
ޣ˵ôܿöǿ鲼ƤӰ˵ᶯʰˡ
˶٣˵ŰɣƾǼƤСӵӣһû׼ȥԸݸ
Ц˵ܹ滨Ǯһ״ȥҲᰡѲֳʦѧУ
û뷨ֻϧһߣƤӰϷճʱһֱڰϵСһͻȻˣҪƤӰȥ
뵽ղŵĻ
Ŷӣǲ̫ˣ
ɫŵ
㲻ҪƤӰһʲôóԵģ׶ҪƤӰ׾ͲҪ㣬һ
еԼûմţƽ̫źСҪʲô͸ʲô룬Ѿ߳󳤴˳ˣñɵڶ½壿
ֻܻԼԹ˱ˣԹš
ͷһα׺Щӣһޡ
˵һҾߣ治ҪŲţ
ס
ʵڿȰǸƤӰǮȥˣô
˵꣬ҪȥƤӰ
׼ȥºôʱܳԱ㲻ˣ˭ҪЩ˵ˣǸߵģ
򴽣࣬ʲô
̬ǿӲҪʱʲôʿɶֹ֪ʲôҪʲôҪʲôҪɲҪĺûȫһһ̣СҲҲΪµĶҵģԺγϰߣ˭ʲô£˼ֻû̺á
ͷϣһġ
毱µƿԣԭ׼ȥƤӰĻ˼ĵױһϯ𺳵޴롣
Ĭ˺һ¿ӣ˵ҪҪƤӰˣ
ûСſһڵӣҼ壬첲ݸ׵ֺõͬʱ⡣
һС˵Ҫˣ˵ѽ
۾ﻹᣬ˵
Ҳǿǰ£㲻ҪƤӰĻױһȦٻȥ
Ų
üתͷʱӣҼֽġ
뵽ղСһԼԹһڵݸֺõһĻĵȥӣ˵ţֻһΣ²Ϊٲ׾ͲҪĻ¸ˣҪƨɵģû
СһùӣҼ壬ͷմŶӵĿˮҲûţܿꡣ
֮˵СһһȦɫˣѶӴϡ
СһڸƢ˳Ҳ˵ʵǿס˯ϮСһ͵׻˯ȥ
ŶӣĵĬĬ̾˿
毼״̬ԣһ·϶û
ŻңûȻظֲȥʱûѣη˸Сϣë̺š
ѾĿɢȥ룬ʣµģҪôһʱ߲˵ԶݣҪôǹϵ׺Ǽң
ηûȥ˵ʲôҲ¶棬÷֦غöӹŮϯϸǴ˸
˼٣ɺܶࡣ
ηԲȫ˹
ηطûѣƿë̺Ὣ˵֮߳š

Ծʱһ毴ŽһΪ˲ӰСһ˯ȫû˵һ仰
صμңɫѾڡ
ѴĵƵĹ⣬ĴʯʨȾøׯϡ
ﱧŶӣҴҸ˵ͻԼԺӡ
Ρã鷿ﴦһƣų˯Ľûѽ͵ٳſʣôȥôã
˵˾ǿųû취
ΡƳߣɤԽ´ôˣ
Ĭһ๫ҪһǲȥĹ˰ɣͰڼҴӡ
Ρû˵ӦҲû˵Ӧ׷ʲôˣ
ѰԼȥ˵˳Ȼ룬๫㲻ʱõ̵ΪԲŻΪ˵ĶǶԵģǸӦúúΪСʲô᲻˵᲻ýҲ簮ӣٿڶ½塣
ΡĹǣûǰȰһá
Щ죬̧ͷ㲻ԣ
Ρ˵ľͺӵĳɳҪ
⻰
Ҫˣʱ䶼ֻ

ƼߵġŵŮ๫񫡷
һԽ˴ºĵմŮ
ԭΪӴ˾ܹϡͥǰ䣬Цƾ桱ӣ˭֪׵׸ԭСǽһΡ
仹ûüӦݣͱĸ޵ũңǸճѨֽѣ
Ȯ๫˵˾Ҫ۰ӡӣģԺһ㣬ɶóԵģõĶȽ㡣
۶ϱĹ䰡źľûиװ۵ĹŮҶϱŮҲ˶١ԺСҪǸ۸㣬һΪѵ
°ͣӸĲһˣ

332Բ2

ľͺӵĳɳҪ
һ仰ƶĳأǻеᶼɢ
˵ɤڼ֮ǰΪն̣ѧͣӰ첻󣬿ǸʱĹûã˳ǰ
ȥһ࣬Ŵ󲿷ָѧģ㶼ѾӴʱҪţ˵ʧ̫󡣡
޷ֱⱻĸо΢΢̧ͷĿһ˲˲·һ޷ٸϵı
ΡЦ£ʲôѲɸճڵĻַˣ
ûСͷ
Ρûпı飬ֻ뵽ÿҪʱ㶼պվߡԸдȽϴ
䣬û˵ڡ
ϲվߣЦʡ
ƽȴƫƫһֱ٩ĸо
Ųĵֱ˵ϲô˵Ҫлл㡣
֮䣬˵лʡ
˸Ⱦã⻰ٶ̧Ŀ˵лֲҪǮ
ҪǮûС
ΡѾûǰƣ΢΢𣬡Ǳߣȥ˵Լͣ
Լ͡˵£û๫档
Ρһ²֪׼ʲô˵ǣҲûй׷ʡ
һ򲻻ֽ˼롢ﻹǸϡ
ͣΪһʱ֮˵ĻΪͳԼ˵仰׾Դס
ʼǸԼʮС
СҪųɳ
ȻܶʱһķߣżġƿءΧ
ΡҲ÷УģĲʻµⰻȻ

Сһû˯µҹһֱŵȡ
ת䣬˸裬ŸΡۡ
˻żᱬžֻʣΡдֵɳɳ
ʼǣԱʵ۽ʱ˳Щ
СһȻû˹
ȥݣѾԼֱ۾æʣ
СһƺŰ£׵µģֿסջԥŵ˵ͷ
پźѾ߽ƲʣμĿǰһԺֻһСѾߡ
ȥԺƲȥݶЩСүĳʳˣȥˮˮҸϴ
ʳӸԼ֡
Ҫ㲻ãѧϰͦǿձʣףԼԷҲܱܿŪ·ϡ
ԿС뼦ݷŰˡ
Сһ˯ʱ䳤ֳԱ㣬úܣ֣±ﱧżǰĲţԼһ˯ȥ
źöӣ߳ҡ
ΡѾձʣڴϿ£Ͻǲǿ˶ƣ
Ρ鱾£̧Ŀͣ㿴ˣ
ȥ棬ɿʾ
ΡЦЦлһ˵ģõͿʼˡ
ЩģôͻȻ᲻׼
ϿѧӣȽСΡ˵ͬлǵĿ˱׼Ҳ̫ϣֻҪڹؼʱ̵ӣ˳ɼȥ

죬ֻΡȥ˺Ժֲŷ
ʱʱƲ˵˻ûһ£˯ͷ˻ǽż٣
Ʋҡͷ˵֪
ӳ۽յķţûǰţתͷڽ
ŤͷѾ룬վſߣЦӯӯֺ
ʣ첻ȥĹݣ
ͷ˵Ҵ󲿷ֿγ̶Ѿѧˣǰˡ
ɶ
ûת
ֽһ飬˵ںĹݵʱڷܿ̿࣬ҪѧĶһȫˣ˼ǣǰߣĹݵѧжģˣպڳλ
ڼҴˣ
˵ǡ
ѾϰÿʱͱȥԼӾģ˺þãڰ֣ǳɣŰɣȥ԰ιιʳ
뿪ûãˡ
ؼڣЩ΢ĲӦ
ȴСһȥéٸϴѣԹ緹
ָָ档
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Сһ
ãһ׽㻭лĻٰҲȥòã
ᵽԼϲģЦССüĿм
·𿴵Ρľƽ͡

ѧ£Ρûе飬վͰˡ
ͬʱлѾŵı׶ΣڼμΣΪΡȡΡģý̵ģ㲻©ȫˡ
ݵɢݿԱȿƾٵԻҪ߼Σȫƾһϸˣʽ뺲Ժϸֻȥı֮Сְλٲһģᱻ䵽طϡ
ͷлһʿóȵ꺮ҪܷľΪ뺲Ժһƴضϰ
ڣɢݿʮµĻ
һٶлǰʮֱ뺲ԺޣΡ뺲Ժǻһ
һ̤봢˲ŵĺԺлǿӰͷˡ
л֮࣬лø˰쵹ڣܵøֵһ¡
лøͬˣлҲûԡ
μҺңԼļλͬš
ȥлҳԷգűѩѩӴڳϵɳɳԤʾź١
СԲڵм䡣
ڼһ£нСһǡҪ÷Ҫꡱ뷨˻

ѩлҵϯ᷿бŮֿ
֪ӰӣС˼ӣȻ˵
лʽ˹٣ϱʽĹٷˣ˵ǰ㡣
ٿлϱԷʶͷˣ֮䣬Ļ֮ǰļ̱֮ࡣ
沵̸䣬֪лнʿʱǧĶҳȥճɲǼھǣû취ȥ£˹ȥģЩʳ֮Եгļ۸۳
Ѿ룬ʣµĴ͵Լԡ
μҹҵİĶѣҪġ
ΡûʱܣϾ֮ǰ¸տѾʳճ֮תȥмٸ
¸ûָҪǼŮǷĵġ
һͷϣյ¸Ǯжٶһš
˵ǹջʳȥõģó̲˲ǮôһǼҹҳȥԲ
⻰
Ƽġ֮ҽ
飺һǣһӣ˺
˫˫ǿƷб֤зңղн߹·Ҫ~

333ضѾʧ٣1

ϸ̣ûܶˣûŸ˵Ρô¡
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Ρ˽¸ŮǮ϶˵ǮǮŮǸŮģŪһ顣
ֻ˵Ǯû˵ġ
ΡΣ˽幣һݴ̽Ϣ
˵£һ·´ѩɽϢûô졣
ܶãȥһ顣ΡԸ
Ҫ干ҵ飬Ժϰǰݡ
ΡȥԺʱͬŽһ£ͬ˵иݼҾݵģһǰݷһضض֮һѩ˼
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ߺᣬĿרעҲܼᶨȷа
ӦǴӦҪ侲˻뵽ˣɵ½סڴɽ£๫˵εض᲻Შǣ
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һӳѵİպܶ࣬ٸǰõӲã͢ȥΪѩڰ·
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ֵµİǰǹˣ㹫Ϊ˽¶ĳƺԾɲ䡣
յĶٶӾôģǼҵʳ߼ˣֻһ¸ܸΡ񣬹ʶ¸ֻδᡣ

334һ꣬ׯͷТ2

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335ԣ뿪1

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337ưͣ1

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ԼŻѪİȻʮֵΡ
ǰίԣʹǱ߱ƽ

Ϸů죬󣬱ѩڣǰ󲻹µĹζǶϾ;У߾Ѿѩ¶Ƭصıò
ٸʼ֯Ϊ˼ҵİؽݡ
һƽܸɣֺؽ°ŵþòԭĻְտϣؽ顣
һ꿪ƽصÿһƺŰȻ

ɽ´⣬ͣһµ
ǰŶӻĿ򸾣ϵضѾʩһ࣬𽥵õȶ׼̻ؾ
£򸾻סִʦĵ
귽ʮĿȳ׼ͷ治֪ʲôʱ˸ͷŮޣ͵ԵģСſһĵģûϵᱻץУŵɪɪڳһǣӵ˫۾ʪģ˿־塣
ϳĶ˶٣ֱ˭
Ůƴҡͷ
ǵˡ
˵ʣưͣ
Ů޻ҡͷ
ü΢ȻǣΪβ˵
Ů߬ס⡣
֪Լ˭֪ԼʲôֻǺö֮ǰϰڵģͳ˲͵ԡ
ģֻԿĳ伢ѡ
˳˴ţԼҶվǰƣһֱûȥɻ󣬳ʣʲô

338ӽ㣨2

ƫͷĸɵ֪ȥʵǵλˡ
˵⻰ʱȥƳС
СȸղŶøˣԾһԲ
Ϊ£治˵
Խ֣ӿ첽ǰűӷ϶һƣС־ֵ˫ۡ
ɫϸСǲΪضͼɢˣ
ûԷ𻰣ԼҶӣʣ˵
̯֣ǰϰ죬һֱӦ
Ӧþڵضѡ̾Ų󣬹ֿġ
ٿҲûѽѲﻹİ˸ؾǣ
ٴСŮ뵽ǰסָ˵Ƿ
뿵ô꣬ĸӣֻϧǰͷûסֻʣ
γʩɽ´ЩʱգȥǩԹԼĶŮԵʱմʦտڲᣬֱղǷȥմʦͻȻɿڣ˵ձһŮԵ
ѾʹʧӵĿ˶ԣϲѶһ·ڻ룬ǲԼϣ²ԼܻϣǸǰСйء
뵽˵ԽᣬСʲô֣
ƺǸо˶Էû⣬Ůŷ˾裬ҡͷõɳƵ˵Ҳǵˡ
㲻ǵԼʲô
š
㻹ǲǵԼסĶ˭
ҲǵáŮҡͷ
ĵѹմʦ˵ԵɲԵʲôǵõС޼ҿɹʱպΪӶǼ͵Զ
ʰָ˵ȻʲôǵãԸǻؾ
ŮˣûлشֻǺش
ĽͣǼھǣ֮ɸֻǻ棬ܿҪϾˣʵûȥ͸߰ɣ
Ů۽ޣƺ
⣬Ҳǿ㡣˵ĵģֻûȥԣĻ˸Щ
Ůԥ˺þãɤ³֣Ը⡣
˽Ļȫɤۣ˻ѵˣһߣɾҲԼļˣҲزԼˡ
Ů֣صͷˡ
ʲôǵãԼ˭֪ôЩҲûļͲˡ
Сʶⳡѵ
£֪Լô졣
һȵؿԼĸ°˸ȥ׼˭Ѿߣ
һۣʲôѾߣ㵱á
ãˣҲѾã
˺ü˵ã㶼С
ǲһ˵
ЩŮûһǾģȻÿ춼밲ڱտڽĸף˵ף߹ˣ׽
ҪԼֵ̳Ů
ĸ׵뷨Ҳûԡ
ʱˣĸûϳվͷ˵ô¡
˵һԣ˵˳ǸСԼСԸǻؾ¡
꣬üͷԼҷˣ
˼մʦ˵ǶԵ־ϵĹûִ˵ԼҪ˴ȥǷʿүΪմʦղŵĻ᲻Ӧ飿
һĻв׵ģҷǰǸСﵱŮԵˡ
˵մʦԽǩĲ᲻飬ǲòʱ־裬Ͼ⣬˭֪л᲻Ƿ߰ߡ
ֱҲûţֱӸҦ˵˳
Ҧϵ꣬ССģ˾ͺ£ǸģôߣңôСߣ׼ǲүˡ
ҲϣԼǣôһԲԼҷ˵ŮΣʡζ߶
󣬾ʱȲˣɽס죬һ̽̽ǸŮĵס
жҦŮֱȥԺס᷿
ҦϴдѾߣͳ¶
óˮŮԡó¶취ȥ⸽ŪһŮ޴
ѹ󣬰ٷϴˣǽֵϿκγǲׯһƬ
¶˺ܾãһӴũһ߰ŮѣӺֲܴڣȫûлɫԣֻʤڸɾ
ûʱŮҪԡꡣ
ҦϿ۳¶ѣԲ̫⡣
¶˵ʱڣֵʲôûУҵһѾǧѡ
ҦҲ֪ǰƣֻԥƬ̾ͽӹ͵
Ůòӵ޽Լס¶
ҦСﲻϸ۵ļµԭļӦò̫ùȻ·л˵
֮Ҧתǰ£OO@@ĴûŮ߳ǰ
Ҧ˵ӽ㣬ãҪһҽĸס𣿡
Ůӵͷ
ҦķӦһʱ㺰ҲҪϰˡ
Ҧó¶իŮӦԷʱ˷ţվԺ˵
ǰźԡҦϣĺܹˣū澷ֻһ£۵ֱ
ҦԣȻ򣬡ѹ˵ԼʲôǵˣԭԴˡ
ôһֱӷ˲үĻɡСѾͷǱߵϸǵضʱʧɢ޼ҿɹĿС
ĳ֣ɺϡ
Ҧû飬ܿѴ¸֪˿
ȻҲûϵྐྵȻһ㶹ʧЦǿմʦ˽ǩˣǷעŮԵ
ҦϵȻϲԼܵøȫ޼ĹŮΪʲôǵã㲻ڹȥӽĵεΣԼĸйء
ֻǺˣû׼Ȭһ죬ү˵Ҫǻָˣļˣ᲻ֱĸĸ
ԼжŮˣ˵취ָĻֻҦϵôãָˣĸ׾ͺҪ鶼ɼƷо뿪뿪ֵ÷ķ񡣡

339ǵң1

ζɼ뾩죬Ž毣ſӭӡ
뾩ǰ͵ΡԸϾʱؼŸ·Ҫշζ౦
ʶһ·ǻջסʱˣڿջղſʼ̣Ϣʱ㹻ġ
¶ŴϾһ˵ľ״̬
ζɷޣǣŽС߹ȥˣжĸ
СԴӵתԷ޺һŴŴغĸ
캮СһﴩʵӺް޿㣬ССĶͲ¹ƤѥˮֱůԴϵķñֻСסֻ¶һŰ͸ںڵ۾
ż´˾ǣ֮ŵһֱǳ˵ĺӣðװָۣ첲ȶġ
౦һ֮ͬǰϾǣȻɳȴر
ϱһ۽ǿɰ˺޵ֿģֿԼеĶӣԱȹﷺᡣ
ûзضǼûʧӺ౦׼ܱڹúá
ϱζӳ£еɩһ·Զۻ˰ɣ
Ϊ˲öɩӾԼ԰ڣûд̫õѣصѡһģûʶԼȥ˺Ĺһ룬ǹŶ˷·ڵסġ
˵ʱҲ˼ӣȻ¶ζЩ˼˳ǣͷһ·ϳԵסĶãǲ࣬ࡣ
ĿתϱϱЦЦ
Ͷ·ϱ˼ţòǰǹʢ˵ļ
һ֣ľת䡣
ʱܻűʲôҪ
ûģܲû˼ûŮӾͿΪⳡѶʱ˭ʱ־ȫҳຣ
ǰ۶ɩ۾ζ౦
Сһݣû⣬ݵķ紵ˡ
ۣ֣ɩһ·ָˣұɣ
ϱ͵͵񣬸ԽԷ϶ׯӺݵʾԽԡ
ȣԼҶδ̫ݣϱҡҡͷЦ౦էеұŰɣȻȥˣզɡ
ûϾ֮ǰϱǵüģְ֣Ͼ֮øá
ԼҶ౦ûûȣ˼ö౦ǰա
ư沸ǰϱѵõԱ
Ů˵бζɾԵ֣ˣŲô࣬һֱúüסǸӣĥŵȽлˣٻȥ˴ԼҲϹǵˡ

Ѿ񣬴һͶϣԷɫ庣ĵİȹϵִԼͷϿʽӱ黨Ѿвò֪Щǰ붼ġ
ǰݻеϤУѾЩûǵϾĽ㡣
Ѿ毿¶ϲɫ´ŵ˵סõߵһԣЦŵǰЩӲŸ˼˫¹Ƥѥӻȥǣ˵ǾҪϾˣһֱԼ˸ȥԣϲϽš
꣬飬۵ɻ󣬡Ѿأ
Ѿûм˵´һǹ̵ЦҪûǴΪ˲ǣܳȥЩǸˣɣ
Цɢȥ룬Ѿ
ǧСʳӵҲ㣬ſڱտñԼĸȣǼҵĹˡѾ˵̧꣬ͷֱ毵۾㣬㲻Լܼ𣿡
һµļžۣ̼䱻һˮ͸毳˳¼ЦҪǲϲѥҲûϵʱľˣⷿﻹӣѣϲĻɫ
ǰװģѾ˿飬һ˦毵֣Ҳ㣬˵컹ûԸˡǼǮǧС㣬ͬСǰɣǣ
Լŭ⣬ΣǸȻȥү̣˷úϢʲô˵
Ѿû뵽ԼѾѻ˵ˣԷǸƢģһȭ޻ϵĸоѻ
ڸϱ˵ŻԶС֮ղԾϣʣôˣ
Ѿֱܻӷ˸ۣ֮۾Ų𴦣һ۶ûλ
毼Լ䴽꣬ûµҸѾ̫û⼤
ͷģվˣϽϳɣʲôؼ˵Ҳһ
ȣá
ЦӦˣعͷʱѾһ˵ʲôţĹԼǶվ˰кǸŮһģ㵹ǵʥּˣ޲ܱĹ˽ﵱͲǣǵң
õ䳰ȷ˵Ļ
ϾǵԺıⲻȥҲ
ԽǲѾϵԽ⣬ôţҴʹţ֨ˣ
ãŭԺ뵽Ϊ˴ʱ̬ȣ侲ԶѾôҶɣ̫ˣܲ
Ѿ⻰ؿڵĻ

֣תֱӳԼʱȥ
ԭöѾԼһģôûԳûͨһ¸顣
öѾ֪˺ܺãǰ˵Ƕᡣ
ɶѾѾ˺ֻôͷ
ζɷ򸾵̸Ҳˣ˻صԵߡ
毸׼ȥӣӾͱͷ
Ҳ֪ǶѾ
ջĿ⣬毶ϳɣ
һ˵һȻȻΪ
һĻɱĶѾܻ䣬ֱƿļͷ
ζ˭أ
Ѿ˵û˭ˡ
ŶϱԵĹŮü뾩֮ǰŽ㣬ųк㵹ãǷˣ˭أ
Ѿֻû۾Ƴ򳵴⣬
ϱ󣬡ζѾ˵
˵ɶѾͻȻתͷڵ񣬡ǸŮ˰ŮŪԼ£ҵĹſڱտˣ㻹Ҷô
⻰
Ƽ԰Ůˡߣ
飺еǣծӻĸŮ
Ǻһ¶֪СŮһͱˡ
ʮ󣬶½ǧѰӢ۾
Դ˺߶˸΢Сӡ
Դ˺ַһǧն
ޡէ
̫ã򲻵ð
½һ޹:ûǰĦ
ĦַǷְֽɣ
˵:ⰴĦĶܼңź򡣡
үǿ̫үСۣ
ллݸ磬һɱ͹ˡ½Ц˵ޱѪȵĻ
ݾãǺϻȢǡߣ

340һ˺úùӣ2

ϱͻȻǱѾƺԴǸ˵Ͼ;иܵˣѾͷԹ̫ʱ˳⣬˵ȫȥ
ͬ޶ԣζֱüǼұٵһУҪΪϾϣ
ѾΪ⣬ʮһĹŮ͸ۼѣǮѵӦƾʲôҪж£ǼûҽʳǧС㣬öǼҸжµǴѾ
ζɫѿССͣô˵ûĵĻ
ҾģҲǶѾԽԽߣй⴫ǰ˼ҿ˶ٻ˶ᣬϾǷǲãºˣŮ˼ҵˣ͸ղվڳſڣǻˣ˼Ǹ߸ϵС㣬أͲòʶЩ
ɼһ࣬ǸŮ˸˶ԻҲǾƺ˵ʵϣ͸Ǹŵ½һ
Ѿû˵꣬ͱһİ˦
Щѧģϱ
Ҫεضѣ֪ԼһĹﾹȻ˽
ǻʮһĹ˵
֮ǰݾͱʧٵΪʲôѾֱһ˦ϡ
ڵС۵кź׵գһԡ
ѵǶִŮζٲҪȰ䣬ѵõĳĬ
ѾΪʲôǣӱ˭ѹǶѾ˵
οҪɷּңͶ·ְһѵĻɣҪɵ˼ʱ֣ѾܻŻһҸ֪Ӳŵʲôʱ
ѾΪС˵ѾǴ治οԷǾˡ

ȽζĽ֣ǰͷջԾࡣ
Сһϲ
ǰڳſڣѾô£
毴ûʲô̫ûЩˡ
СѣҲûתġ
ƺ뵽ʲô¿񣬡ҺûѾǲû
年˵Ѿͷ䲻
Ѿ£毴Լеֻ֪Ǹո˯ûһң
š
Ȼ˵㲻죬ֻҪ뵽ӽһ˿žۣȺܿƲȥͷǵӲ죬ϹǳǳЦ˫Ƕڴ

θǰͣ¡
Ʋʹһͷӭˣ񣬹ˡ
ķԸѽŵ͵ζߣү̫̫³
ζɷ½ŸأͱźǰͷʯʨӸסˣһûӦ
毿첽Цӯӯؿ֣ұ౦ɣ
֮ǰڳſ̫æϱϸһԼҹŮϾһɶͤͤѶ౦ݹȥͬʱЦӴι⻹ҹŮ𣿡
毱ŵܵԭתһȦɳϸˣĵŮ
ϱˣĻѴŮǣ̥гһշ֦ͷ¶͸ŴҹĶׯʣȻ⣬ζɶһۺͷҹŮ
£Ѿһǡ
ѭȥðѾиӡҲ֪֮ǰʲôЦ⵭ȥô¡
ϱΪŮɱˣͻȻѾɫʱѿܣ˵Ѿû¶ظġ
ôڳҲö˵ʲôкŵ
ζɵһ˫۾θŵҶϣﲻסĽɹȻǻ쿪ˣ뾩꣬ôһլ
ĿƳѾϵĺӡӣܿߣװ֪飬һߡ
ڼ䣬ʵѾأզûˡ
ϱɫްȥ˺þò˵Ѿˡ
ʲôŵЩûζ౦
ضϣʵ̫Σôһҹ䣬̫ң͸߶ˡ
ԽԽͿ˵ʲôѽʲôضʲôӣôһҲ
㡭㲻֪ϱ
Ҫ֪𣿡
ǰ·ǵ̸˽Ųת毣ͣʵǰǾ͵õϢˣΪ˲ѹҺʱ㲻˵Ȼȥžۡ
£ֶŮԹҰɣ
ҡҡͷ֪ΪҺãֻѾ꣬ôСͣӵȥ᲻Ѿ
Ѿ˾Ѱҡδ˵Ļô˵ҪҪʬĿǰ˵ûϢǺϢ
һͨοܵõ
ӳ˵ʲôѧʲôգ毾ӡ
ߵʱ򣬲ûеõܺõĽҲûǳɳĳЩȻƫ
ΡһĿȾĵªϰ˶ܱǰ༸侲

סĿԺѾʰû˰ſͷֱӰ˴Ժȥ
żͷ׵װ꣬һɸ֮ζɷһ
ӽŵڣƺûͣ
ϱûǰôõԺӣ۵¶мǷʵǹⲻȥ
ЦѾȥĹˣҲţ͵Ǵ򷢴ʱ䣬ҲûͲúõģɩϸƣûвĵطֻ˵˸һġ
⣬Ѿˡ͸ѩıӣԺӼֱǽѣĻвģ
ŶϱٴӶԷķӦоͬļ̱
룬޵ǰ߹һ˵ǲһ
ⳡ֣öɩӳˡûʲôȻŸҪ
ǰһãһ˵Ĵž
ңɩѡǰߡ
ˮǱˮ˵һɩݸˮ軻ѣٴȥٰü˵һ˸Ǳһѣֻǲ֪ϲ
ζɴھûôźʲôǷźãԽò˼
ϱ毰ζ౦ŵ䴲˯Ťһ£ջǿڣãǰϼЩ˵òЩҲÿϣӽһ˺úùӡ
⻰ԣҪ˼
ҲǣһУԵסȫģǶҪּңûвϵĵ
ֻô²һСģ»ʲô̬ȡ
ǰ£һضһѩ͸˲𣿡ؾ˵ҪƽЩͲͬɰȥϼҽˡ

341Ѿ1

ŵԺӸǵپӲ󣬶ݺͶ᷿
ζɷסݣѾס᷿
İš
֪ԼԺӣһѾźֽѾס᷿˵Բôš
毳ҪˣѾȥɸססԺҪˣٹҲһġ
˭˵һˣѾҹȥסԺӵˣҲó쿴ɫ
毣׽ãôң
棬Ѿðѻ˵ֱ̫ףһۣҵʱ򣬿ûҵ׽á
޻˵΢΢Ŵ
С֮ʲôìܣˣѾҪԺӡ
Ṵ˵Ժӵķ䣬һְŵģĿǰĻԺﶼѾסˣûпԺѾҪ徲ĵطһٰãֻܸ̿ڣ취
ϱԡ꣬ѣճݾһ䣬ŵɫˣæǰզ¶
û˵Ҳû
ѾŤƬ̣˵ԼҪԺӣûҪ󣬸һͳɡ
⻰öϱ󣬡㻹űǰɣ
Ѿ̧̧°ͣһ첻µزµģ㶼УΪʲôУ
ϱ̫ѨͻͻȭͷˣͱסϿĺۼһɴ̹ȻһԺӣҸոѾ˵ˣȵٰã̫̫֪һǣ¶ֵ˺
ĿһתϱͷʪģƲʽȥæ
ĻöϱҭҭƲʽݡ
֪ѾԼûǰգǸһԵ˵ʵΡ
»죬Դһ׺
毹ɵһһˡ
ȫӱĶѾǻڱһ
һԺ󣬶ϱʰͷȥŵζ౦
⺢Ӵڣûү̸ǰ¶˵ʲôð˱ȥŸǰ߹С
ζԡ꣬ͷżȥٰá
֪һҪϵصƵ˸ǻ˼̫үĵ룬ٰúȲˡ
ӵȰûˣЩ˯
лʹ˵ţӱ򿪣һǰǰӿ
ӳſƤһƣζɷޡζ౦毡Ѿ
֮ٽģˡ
Ѿأ
ζû뵽ôãһ۾ͲԣͷƣϵضʱѾɢˡ
ɶѾˣ
ζɵĻ˯ˡ
զ¶ӹ¸ҽ
һ˵һ裬ƺֻôǻŭɢȥһ֡
ζɷ򸾶һۣǰȦˡ
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ϱصһۣ㽻㿴Ҹɶ
ζӣﵨϼǻų׼ĳϡ
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ϵʣϺӴ嵽سôԶ·ǵسǲŷֹŮûˣ
ζ˵;гʵ̫ˣûע⡣
ֱӣϿϲŭϵֻԱĻ˵ϱˣӿǱԸҪŮҲҪסӵľģ֪ѾûϣҲͣҡ
̧꣬ۿǶԷޣô¶ɣ
һ仰ʹҪζ̧ͷı⣬ҺûҪ˹Ůӡ
ɣ
ʱϱͻȻڣǣҳϣʱ·;оͷѾɢˣ£ǲֻܼͣǰӣһͣȥңȫ˶пΪ˶౦ΨһĶӣҲΪѾѰĶ·
󣬶ϱһ£ҶԲסѾ
ʱֻѡԲס
ݲͷһصض˵һʱΪ˱ȫȻ޶Լӳȥ
ĳֽǶ޴ָժɷ޵
ѳɶ֣˵ʲôûãȻˣȺúסţʲô£Ӧ˵Ҳ̸Ѿ¶
ϱѾ˱ùѪͷ׼˭žȻһ̬ػû˵׼ŵƢԣЩӡ
Ƕ౦ɣ챧ҳ򡣡ӵĿڶϱС
յ»Сһѽѽشܵˣ͵̻ϤףСһֱӿ޳
ƨ£ϡһ¶С
һ˵һ˵ݸϱ
ζ౦»صﻳ˺һͣ
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ŽעתƵѾϣҪ˵ɶ
Ѿǰֱֱӵ۾̣ҪԺӣһġ
ԣ⣬ϱó棬Լŵĺúýѵѵǰ֪ߵغѾͷ
ۣʶѾϲס᷿
Ѿҡͷ˵ϲ㶼жԺӣҲҪ
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ԣЦԺֻʣôһҪôסҪôϳȥԸסɶ⣿
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ӣƾһ죬˵ôžôŰǧؾһ磬пԺӣƾɶҪ㣿㼸ＸԸûӳƹͲӶ˼ҹ㻹ë㶳˭
Ͼʱ򣬶ѾСûôӴͷһʽ˵ĹСﱻŵ޳
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صѾ
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˵˽ɽϵҦ꣬ǿԸһͣȥĶͷˣϰ߹ˡ
ͷ

3462


ҢͭǰҲա
ͭҲͬĶָĵط˺İӡ
Ժ̫ҽԺ̫ҽóķԾɲָһ˿ۼ
ȥ걻ջʺƼ빬ȥӵˤ¹ۺͶദˣԴûãԵ޹ʱһˡ
꣬Ȭͷһվӡ
ĸ
˲֪ʱ⣬ıӰһɤƺЩʡ
Ңش𣬾źŮǣȥӡ
Ңһ£æվ߳Źˣأ
ŭɫ˶֪źһ͵ˣռҪǺã
Ұ˸ǲġҢ˵ֻһ
⻰Ǳ˭ס˺ܣһ仰Ҳ˵Ŷϵˣ·ճһغ˵ۡ
ĸʮ꣬ѾɼҵͣΪһѻ𣬶˼ҵĺùȴ
뵽ˣ˵ĳܡ
ҢһƳ֪ʲôЦЦ̹ȻԼû¶
ﲻţҢ˵ģӱеĺ̫ˡ
ԣǱ飬¶ֲ̡
ҽȥ֪ʱһ׼ҢûҪ
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Ңûֱӻش𣬡˵𲻴Ӧҳȥ
˱ܾһ϶Ӵ޺񣬵Ļָ˻ȥѣͷȥԣöҶţҲġ
˶ͬˣҢȻֻһУֻҪҳȥôˣʹˡ
ô¶ûԹˣҲûԱƺϵ˲δ˺
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ˡҢƽϵ壬̧Ҫߡ
ĸͻȻס
ﻹʲô£סŤͷ
ǰԥһ˲ϣСÿĵ㡣
֪ˡ
ҶҢ˱ܿ쳯μҶȥ

Ԫ鷿ְֵؽ̽д֡
Сһر΢עͻᱻŰдһ磬Ȼһ˵дֲÿ
ĽʱСһһֱڵ
òΡһ壬۾б㵽
ŵԹ԰СһߣԼպī֮ǰ̵Ǽһһдëֽϣѧ촵˴ûȸɾ˫ǰ
һƳӿŭתΪ졣
СһѣѧǴ򵥵Ŀʼ̡
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ʵϣСһͰԼļˣ£дȻдĲզʻǶԵģǿ֡
㶼ѧˣв𾪣һֱ棬һֱôǵģ
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Ц
⸱ûûεӣ̧֣ƨ£ȻдǸղΪʲôҪƭף
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С䣬ٲңҿ˰
Ȼ̧ͷ˳Ʊסĸ첲˵Ҫˡ
һ㶣漴Цοģ׶أ
˵Ҫߡ
񣺡
ϸ䣬ô¶ΡĽȥׯš
ѮԺ͸תˣȥׯϣһͼ徻˳ܱ
û뵽ЩᱻӸȥ
СһղƲֵӣºЦûұ֤ʲôǰͻֻĿǸ˵׽ǻҪߣʹϽһߺòã
СһԴ峺͸۾ŲΡ

˵ţСָȥ
ҲԼСָͷĿһ
׼˵ġԡСһȵƭˣԺǱ
񣺡Ϊʲôǡ
Ϊﶼ֪ҪŽߡ
񣺡
ĸ۶С۵ʱ򣬶ˣռү
Ң
էһˣЩ㱣ȥˤ˹ֱۣյ
ǸˣյϢʱѾȥ̽ˡ
ιԸ⣬ȥǰ
ߺ򵥰鷿ʰһ£ţŽȥá
Ң¾ͼ¶ֲȻ
ע⵽Ϊϵİ̺ۡ
ûнעͶȻȻߡ
ĸ֮ǲԪģ
ԷûоԼϵȱݣҢܵĹذһů⣬ͷҸղǼŷ˵𩲻ڣˣþʹ뿪ֻýֱˡ
˵⻰ʱм
񲢲Ң¶Ц⣬Ҫ¶ʮһڡ
Ң룬ûף񣬡¶ʮʲô𣿡
ûǽ
ҢԣԵСһϣСһһգգض
һȱǵĹﱾһ£ٱԷĶӶſҢЩѰ
硭СһͻȻ
վǵҢͷСһ
С߹Žż⣬СҢİϡ
Ңס
СһŴŴ˵ùˣк󸣡
Ңû˵ֻƫͷ
Ц˵ǰܵùȢס
һڣ⻰ǿػأ
⻰
ʱ䣬715^_^

347Ҫ꣨1

ҢСһŴԭŤȻ¶Ц⣬Ȣ֮ǲǾͲùˣ
Ң£°ͣһڵùҾˡ
ΪʲôҢԽ档
۶Цõףʼ˸״˵̸ģǰﶼߣÿһɵǼգ³ȥˣһӼ
һ˵һ滹ԹСȥƳ
ܵӡ񾯸桱񣺡
֪ԼҶӾȻͨȲο˵ı¡
뵱꣬Ϊ˰οˣ๫ƺҲǱȲš
ǣСһĻãҢ˵ǰȻͬСԴЦʣô˵ԺҲȢͻݵӿ
ҡͷÿ춼ûա
ҢȻû뵽СһôشЦˡ
ȢϾ˸ٹ̵˼룬һˣصһ𣬽·ͱźãֻľżȶߣȻľһҶ
ȽţСһɵ˵Ǳһ־硣
ȻСһ˵⻰ʱû̫࣬ҢǴ˲ٵ
ദеοʱԵүѵһˣҪǼҳԶٷٻȥɣ
Ңûͬ⣬ﻹڼҵȣҲ涺̫á
ʵϣԿڣҢǺģֻΡڣһУóȻǼе˵ȥ
Ңٵ֪ҵĶϵ
ûɣ԰˸ͳš
վſڣָ
ĿռԶߣʽղЩ˭˵ģ
ץץԴǾᡣ
н̣Ҳн̣֪˭ͷϡ
Сһ֪ԼˣһЦĵؿӣСС;֪˶̣
仰СһöףǸ˵ġ
磿
ϴθʱֹ˵˶ǲµ£ʱûʲôн˶̣һѣⲻˣԼãǸ磬ǺܵģЦ
ţǸ硣
ͷ絷⣬СԴܶණ˵ɴ಻˵ˣֻһ仰
ȻһĺӶԣײ˶̾ѾܲҪһԭ渵ǻǲʵģֻܸݽֻƬȥƲ⣬ǲǸ˵Цˣ
Դ룬ǵˣô¶
ֵͷ
СģʧЦִСöͷҲˣ㻹ͷ
죬ҲѽСԹϲ֧֡

ȥׯϸ¶ôˣΡ취ԪӾ仰ܲڽ١
ùܿϢԪ˵ʮϾܳ
ȥʾ˹ţϵû˵ôŶɣȥҲԣȥҲԡ
бһۣǰͷ궼ү̵ѵڼңҲһˣȥԸȥҸ㹫ϹͷͲȥˡ
񲢲Żôش
˵ʱ·ϾѾŵӲµ˶Էܾ

¶ʮùԼԪ
һţԪͰѵܱܵ˵࣬Ȼ˵²ַˡ
˹İߣ
׶˵ˣǲзʣǿɰ
ѾЩԪ˶˷׼ô
û˵Сһ˷ܵȥöĵط
Ԫƣ
ЦŽͣ⼸춼ЩȣǴȥׯϣѾһﲻ̫Զģھкӣﻹץ㣬㣬ѡѡȥ⴦ܲ
Ԫԥ˵ģ϶֮ǰᵢعʱ䡣
ԪʧЦ˵˼ֻǵȥׯϻ᲻̫ȫ
֮ǰݣԪѾʶ񣬱¹оǰоٺǵ˹үôʺϲȺϴࡣ
ԪĹǣϼǰڣû̹ӵ派ӣ񶾵Ǽھض·¶ɵó
ׯϲͬׯͷԼµĵ軧ǣȫǸμµģ˼ң˼ҵã˾ӣҲÿͿǰòôۺһҧˡ
ԪĽͣضүȥȥ
񲻺ðŵЩ˵ֻ򵥵˾仰ׯЩԶܣ۾Ͳǿˡ
ԪȻЦӣһ׼Թϵǰˡ
˵Ԫ̶Ļ׳ɣʲô㶼֪
Ԫǫ飬ˮ˴ʦոߣǰҸŵѧҸŴѧ˽̸ҵĶһϣҪĻ𣿡
Ԫ빬ôãʱ֮٣еǼ죬ǴҴҴߣѹûʲôòôһλᣬץʣһˣôʲôӡû
Ԫ˵еģǰܾڻʼңӵѰ˼ӶٻӦǼҸ¶ֱ˹ŷԼģʵȫһԽݸ߹󣬳ԽǵҪȻҲ͸ߡ
ڶ֮ǰֻһλӣ˵£µ̫֮λʮþȣԼ޿ɺǡȻʵȴǣ϶Ҫϣ¶ԼȻȻϻϡ
˵ѧʼ͸Լһ׹أÿʮʱȫŹʲôʱʲôʱ飬ʲôʱԷ˯ÿԶٿⶼҪ󣬶һ鲻УһҲС
˵Ԫһ٣ּȻˣĹԶֹЩкܶʱûֵġ
ţ뵽Լ๫Ͽǻٿ̿඼ò־꣬ɼ֮ˣҵͷһؼ
ûˣԪ˵ûɻ䣬빬ǻҵĵһֱ˶ûľżʲô̫һһˡ
Ǻأ
ʵ֤Ҫꡣ


348ĨЧԣ2

ÿݼһ죬պգΡú硣
˵Ң£֪˵Ǹǿ̫ʱʲôζûֱӰǰ¶ҰЩʲôµ֣Ҳ̫Щ
Ρ˵һ̶ȣ־硣
Ңռ̶ȻʮԾɱų֮ġ
ʮ꣬ûʣֻûôѡеġѡĻ
ԣռܻȷ־硣

¶ʮһ磬μҵѾ׼Ҫǰׯϡ
ҢʱǼԪϧ˵Ҫȥԥһ£ʣܸܲȥ
ԪûлشתͷԶĵ
ߣ̧ͷôˡ
Ԫ˵үһȥׯϡ
£ûţֻܿΡ
Ρ̧ߵҢǰ֪֪飿
Ңʵ֪顣
أ
ҢЩ֧֧ᣬҡҵ
ΡѾķӦõ𰸣ʣȥ
šҢ۵¶Ũ£Ǽкܶׯӣҳô󣬴ûȥ˵Ҫȥһɲɣұ֤鷳
ҲǲԡΡ˵ǰҵðȥռ˵һ
һҪҵ𣿡ҢŴ֪һͬ⡣
ΡףȻҸͬ˽£ҲΪ˸еĵǣȻҪǼȥ棬ô֪ͨһҵı֡
ΡⷬҢҲԴǷžȥҢΡٰ̣ܲܵȥҼҸ֪ͨ
ΡҢ֮⣬𴽣ҼȻȥռңͱʾֱӸ㸸ףϣġ
вĻҢȴܲ⣬ΪΡ˺ԼǶԷϵ̹Ȼĵķ𽥹ƽ
һˣö౸һΡŽһҢԪһ
ڵȵﶼڵСһ˷˴ҹһͷǷ￪ʼ˯
ϣҢԪ
ԪͬҢİ̺ۣû˵ʲô
ҢȿڣԪӵôõİӦöϰ˰ɣ
Ԫ˵տʼһ»ǲôӦ̫ɣʱϸϿƽʱڼɢˣĽࡣ
ҲܱҺáҢƣҲȥ˴£ʹˤ
Ԫ뵽ԼΣɻ󣬡Ǵģ
Ңͷȥɤǰ˼ȣûУԼһʱ𡣡
ˣԹκͷϡ
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Ԫȴô룬ҢˤǿΪ⣬ȺռҢˣͳ׸ı˿
ˤ˵ˣڰжԸռңֻĻֶ֮Щר޹Ң֡
Ҳû취£ռ̫࣬ͷҪ˶ð͵ôĵطʼ
Ңߣ˶֪һҢ⡣
˵ҢռҵĻӡ
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һ˫õʹֶΣΨһƣĸΪСİȴƵ˼ϡ
ÿ˵Ķ
£˼ԪЦЦóĻͱˣˤɲʲôСˣŪҪ
Ң˼ЦЦ
һ˳磬ֵϲӵͨ裬ﾩׯӣѾһʱԺ
ׯͷǰվ͵Ϣصشżλ軧ӭ˼ҡ
Ĺˮҹ¹һƿʱܴ࣬󣬺ܼѴɫŨĲľϴһ飬ȥԶɽȾ¶ˮ
Ͼͳׯˣͣ£ȲҪץ㡣
³ׯͷԼĺüİˣһ㶣۾ȥ
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軧ǳũο׳Ƥڣŵץ׵֣ٲܡ
Ρ߹ȥׯͷк
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ЦӦֻʱЪţ͵ûȥ
ҶͦæԪҪع๫Ҫãûôʱ档
ׯͷ˵ȥҲû¶һֱţүʲôʱ
Դˣûз
⴦ׯӸǽλҲãˮɽܵ⣬һأû׼
꣬ׯͷк˼ҽݺȲ衣
סûСƨɾڵŤŤȥ
񿴳ӲڣǵǽյСǣºץ㣬ûʲôģׯͷҪԴŶȥ
ԪȻڵȥɣ͵Ȳ֤ץһ
˵꣬нӹŽҢ˺ܿš
ż˳ıӰԸпԭ֪Ҷˡ
ΡŲյһʴݣЦжТºץ㣬ã
˵ôоǿʼˣ
ΡĲյʣʲôСʮꣿ
һҭס̲סЦðɣҪҲ㡣
ΡҪ޵㣬˵ҵҲ㣬˳ǰ˳ϰ߲ãøĸġ
ɷнµģþ֮󣬸ɰͰͼһ仰ôδ˸ָ·ɣôŲ˳ǰ˳󣿡
ΡݸϴγķѾǺܾ֮ǰˡ
񣺡³ֱ˵͵ˣϷˣĨǵġ
Ρݸֱ˵ЧһĨԡ
񣺡

349Сǣ1

ºץˣһˮһץȰװ¨̧ÿ϶ʪ˴롣
Сǿĵϲ£ӣĳ֡
ǰ׼óɾ
ҢԪǿ׳Щŷ洵ɾû¶ˡ
ӹ¨ֱȥݣׯϼũŴ֣Сȫ硣
ϣʶӣֳһ꣬µһʲôԸû
Сһŵ˴̵⣬룬˵ҪԺöö㡣
Ƴӵ⣬ô໹ԣ
λСԴ˵˷컹óԡ
ˣ˼ǽ㣬ҲҪԣ
׽ŷˣֻ¡
ƫͷΡϱЩӣ꿴꿴ϣӶ˲׷Ͳգ
ΡڸмĶ̣Զ£Ц⣬׷Ǻ£˵Ͻ
һ˵һιߣϸعֻһȫ磬Ŭ
СһſΡֳ⣬۾˸˷ܵĹâ
״ʱ
꣬ȻǿҪжͣСһŴĴǣѧͦ죬ֻƽʱ˳Ժ֣ñְˡ
ҢµؿŽԭôϲ㰡
ѹΡҪׯϸСһߺˮ峺ܵȾСȫʵġ
ҢСͱ̫ãլŮӴŲŲׯֵطǼҶˣҲ׼
ͷһؼͬڳɽˮټμܰദģʽ˵İ
æųԷҢĻֻ˵˾䡰óԡ͵ͷȥС
Ŷӵĳ࣬Ĭءġ

ǣ
չ֪ӸΡһȥ˾ׯϣըˣ֮ǰҢǼҶĸҪԶţǶˣţ
Ҷǻֵ̿ˡʵү̬ǿӲСǲҶ֣Բš
һȺûõķͰչ˼һۣŭһϽȥ˸һ
Ҷǵɢ
ȫԶˣ˲վһݡ
չͷֱӰˣˣҲҸǰƣʡ۾ۡ
޵ռô꣬ϰ˵ıƢûô⻰ϣԹԵ˵ĸôô벻˭ȥãƫҪμˣѵ֪ΡǼҵͷ
չ⻰һ㻹˵ţͷһҪȥлΡܣû׼Ըģ
չԽ˵˾ԽĻţȴҲû취ӶѾμͷţǾ˸廨Ҳûʱȥҡ
չΡĻ
ΡȻţ˵ĿŵضҢ֣һѺȫ˵Ըһʮꡣ
˼ˣչһ˵ء

緹ΡӴѶǰݷõļλ軧ԪҢˣׯϵĺȥɽ·
Ԫǰ³󣬶Է¼ֲ֣ˣűӣҡҡλε׷ƨɺܣȺϳȥԶ
֪үҶ۳ȺˣֻಽظţλүϵҲȫؼҪ
ǱģСһﲻ֪ʲôʱһζ
سո㻻ѣָŪˡ
СϪߵĲƺϣһԣϪˮʪӸ
Сһûֺãſָ첲һѱס
ӲջӲڲݵϣСһһ㣬ݸʣտģ
ġСһԴͣ档
ƤһЦãŵģЩѷ޸ˡ
С죬ϳϱԼ
ϵֻС첲ԹãԼʪӼȥϪϴϴֻצӡ
ǹӳǵζŪˣȥҢԪϣ֮һɽ
ʱΡհǼλ軧ߣӭüȾһɫ䣬벻ؼҼүүˣ
˵үү̣Ǹ򡣡
СӣȻŷ
һ
ΡɫˣԪҪ̫֮ǰعǲ̫ܵá
ףͷԪҢȥϴ׼ؼˡ
ԪӦҢȥˮߴˮ
ֲԪ֮ǰȥݼö¶ȣЩǵ軧͵ģ
Ρͷ˵ǡ
ǻһأôʱͣСֹҲ֪ܾһ¡
ΡֻЦ
軧Ŀģ޷ܼѵ֣ǾˣδԵ̫顣
Ҳ뵽㣬ֹֻƬ̾ͱ졣
ѻ͸ׯũֽ軧װһƥš
ԪҢϴ½ʼسǡ
˴죬ͽЩۣĸû۾ʼ
֪ۣΡûţ˳ִӲùһⷭš
ͷĲľűϦɹůζΡżɳɳڵİơ
Ľƿһ죬ƳרעĲգǳǳ𴽡
һϮ±˷Լװ˯סǷĳ嶯Ƥ׼˯һͻԤУ˲Ѵ롣

350Ңȳң2

Ρ鱾ϵŲɫʣôˣ
µؿڣ૵Ң
ΡһµԤУż˵
ӣϷ˸ὫŲ˯ѹѿĶ˵˳
Ңˣ棬ȥ֮ûã˿ʼס
Ϊռø֦в˼Ը绨ĴŮ޹ġ
ȻܶԷжãҢȫˡ
ΡʣĪ㱧л룿
ҡͷ˵ǡ
Ρûٲ죬˵
֯һԴǣƺΪ֮Уľ͹ı䣬ΪĻæýͷöʱҪȳҡ
ȳңΡԵ⡣
Ҳû뵽˵ԭȾͬǸռ˲ͬҲֻͬǱ̫ã˭룬׵ľˡ
Ρʣô󵽵׳û
ҽҪص㡣ɤӣӲ˵ҿȥȳ˼ңչȥû취ȰףôĶøƹŷĽ֣չŭѻյ๫ͷϣ˵֮Իңȫǽմ棬˵˲˵Ļ
֮Զչɥ֮ʹܷŹΡֶβвŪݵļơ
Ρˣɫܴݡ
ڰһڣãԩԩ
סͷɲ𣿳ԩͷ˶
ǰׯϣҢһֱһΡѹû˵ʲôԼ͸ܽ˳ˡ
οԽҢֲ꺢ӣûж𣿱˵ʲô
ȥ˼˵ĿǰҪģøҢؼԺ벻ȥңֵø˱ڹ
ΡЦҪ벻ȥңȰֻ£ǰʲôˡ
˵ô죿ˣҪ֪ˣͲôӦҢģ˭뵽ô¶
⺢ǡ
һǰһ󵽴θǰ
һֱ˯СһҲʱѣ۾ױȥ
ΡסԼҵҢ
Ңɻδ˻ʲô𣿡
λ׼Լı֣ҢһֱôƺΡ
Ρףм仰뵥˵
ҢûӶԷ￴ʲô⣬ӦòΪ֮Ļûɵطţ˵š
ΡͻȻŮӵĽЦ
壬ǻˣ
ûͷΡѾá
ҢȻҲĿȻȻѭȥ
Ǳ߶ѾɶҢɫһ䣬˰벽
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̫㣬ؿϣүүȻԲĶƤ
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Сһﻹһ£һкģ׻ûܿסڵһվЦүүߴա

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˵ζϣ㵱ȻŲˣ״ȥϴ裬ôȥͷŵˣ˼һ׼Ц㡣
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˵ѡ˸õضΣ¸տÿ뻹Ǻܿɹۡ
ˣ毣ȥ̤̤ʵʵھطͲףû¶ô׬Ǯ쾻ĥϵڱĺ¶˵ûУУҲҲǼͷϡ
ңǻӹöѣ˼ƾһھͷɣϺЩӣ꿪˸ƹݣǮչţԼﵱ˦ƹ񣬿ɲǿӵͷˡ
һûʲôĻھǳ˿չҲϱģӲҪĻܿľֻǽԣѧÿ˭ҪǸҶ˼岻æЯȥ޸СӹһӵĿӡ
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352ү˯2

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ҢЦǿƺ쳾Ǵδ쳾
𣬺Ҳգ˵ǰЩӸΡǳȥˡ
Ңûϣʲôֱ˵ɣţҸʱ䡣
֪Ƿ׸˵ʲô
Ρ죬̹ģСԵⲻᱻǶԷ޸ڲˡ
Ң̹Ȼδ˵ϣܳĲ䡣
ԾΪѡң
ԡҢ˵еİڼϣ֮ԳңӱĶѣ޹غκˡ
ʲôû¡˲һڸĹ³
һ̣ǼҢģôõĳȴٻܣȥң
㲻ң֪û£
Ңԣ̧߳ԼԺӡ

355ֻأ1

ҢߵſڣɩΪͱ
Щ㲣ȦǺģһ֪ҹû˯á
ҢǸƸеˣҪ˿ĵԼһɫѹƵġ
ɩɩôȫվڴ⣿ҢЦŸ˴к
չʰˣ
šҢͷ·ѣûʲô
չһۣǱߣúʦĻлˣؼʡ߶㡣
֪Ң˳Ӧ¡
ĸ˲ϣͻȻȥںڻü
ҶˡҢᶨȳһǴУҶԣǶĵȥ
µģҢֵǰλѾȢӣͲǵģʽ˰ɣҲǧƪһɣ˳Լ⡣
Խʱ̣Խ
˺ͷܶ໰˵һ뵽үÿθ˶˵Сģֻѡʹߡ
˴ߴٵʱˣЩ̰ɣ
ˣλౣ塣
Ң˵꣬ߵ棬۱Լĵͨһ£ʵʵͷָ֮ɩɩֱȥ¡
˳ʱӭѵĹ򸾡
˹ػһ
չƤ̧ˣ
˵СľôˣЩġ
ǲ磬ȥ
С˼ǣûôŪΪʲôͻȻҪҡ
չл֮ڰù£ʺˣ㵽˵ʲô
СţĸǸΡȥһ˻ͻȻĳҡ
Ȼأ
ѵͲͷʲôΣ
ΣĴνˣ
뵽ԼΡһΪԼ⣬ǸΡֲһˣѵûôΡаŶ˭ı߶˭ùһɣСǲΪһʱ벻Żš
չۡ
ʵڴ֮ǰ˾Ͳֹһεظ˵ΡаŶȥݽ˷˵ʱҲˣԼ϶Ρ̣ڶնܸԼǰͷʮͤŻд˵ȷ˼֮¡
޷˵չ֪СΪʲôңˣû¶Ĵȥɣ
ķӦԶԶ˵ԤϣչıӰһԷûлͷѹûаҢҵ·ϡ
˻صԼԺӣ¶ôԼԱǲֻ֣˵ΪСĸѣûôǰѻ¶˵µ֡
գֻҪײɵͷϾͺá

ڣҢȥ³ҵϢܿ챻Ρ֪
ϢģԤС
֮ĳ죬һʸٻ
Ϊ˼ţϧ͸ĸֽǾѣҪΡŮΡȰȥ͵һͷϷɱ
쳯ϱԹٵΡ˵լ¶ãûʸڻ߰¡
Թٷ׷׸ͣΡ˱١
ûн¸๫˽°幽гȥһˡ
ʣ˭
Ͼ֮ǰǳɹ׵ģиޣиӣ˾ȥң취ǶĸǣǾٺòˡ
˲ʣݹ壬ʹ£ֻһ˻ᡣ
ʣҪҪô֪
ʱҡͷ
һ๫Ϊġ
๫һͬǶĸӣֻնࡣ
ֻ幵˻ûǣϢ˵˵λѾŶϾֱռס
ռҿҪðˡ
Ŀɿڴ˭ģ
Щȷ̽ӻû׼ţֻ˵½˵֣Ϣ»ٵȵȡ

ǰϴŹŮռףֱǰ̹Ȼة˽Ů
ʱةฮ죬Ϊ˲ĴԻһ಻òһѪʷծĸŮ븮а١
ռҷ̫࣬˽Ůס¶㽥ǵߡ
ռһֵϷ롣
ֻϵȴռҵףռλŮˡ
£ǰԽֵھΧ˸ˮйͨȫֵġ
Ⱥм䣬һĸӡ
˶ͷѣƾɣ˲һ֪ġ
ԱߵĺԼĪ˾ģŵĹһԣʱʱ̧ۿռҽյţ΢Ŵ֪ʲô
ֵĽַھԽԽࡣ
ŷѾѴչ
գͷͻͻֱ
ŷһžһɽ
ȥǸ

ѹ֪ԼͷʱԼԺ
˵ӣȥ̥۽üҶȾ˼Ϊ˸ϲá
ԺǱߵ˽ү롣
˳ֶ˹յһڣʲô
⸱ģһ󣬶ִСֻ𴫻ʲô¶»ùүһˡ
˸²յվ
ͻȻס
ôˣʡ
Ժڣ褲ö˵ֻµġ
ϸӦ˼
˵ͷ˳ֱӳԺȥ
Ȼһ·ϸ˿Լ͸ŹŹ֣Ķָָ㡣
šüͷֻǰѻعˣ߱ĥһҪôӦչ
ȵԺϷݣǰŲ̤żӭͷһֻյ
㲻жͷϹһ
۵õȥûҿչֱӹڵϣǿƽСһôʲô¶𣿡
˶㻹ʣչ𣬡ŵʱǲǸ˵δɹף
ԣɫһӱˡ

356Ĺ˭2

ӵĸ壬Ѿ׼ӦԹǰѻ¶ôû뵽ΪľȻǰǶλ
ǿԼ侲ʣǴĵ;˵ķԷСԩ
𣿡չ۳ô׵Ƕĸӣ
ʲôĸӣ˵ֱ䣬ʼֻּҡ
װɵǰɣˣүȥʶ
ȫ֪ĺһãȻ
ܼҽ˾䣬׷ʲô¶ˣ
ܼŹͷˣԣֻصү֪ˡ
׼ҲҺҲ²⣬ֻøŽܼҿ⡣
һ۳Ϲŵĸӣǵͽԭء
ܼҲԾعͷһ˫۾ֱǶĸϡ
үϸˣ⸾һ͹ڹ⣬˵ޣһֱڼҵ֪ɻڴȴûȥģŶҡ
û˵޲ܽΪӣǧС
ܼ˼ӸµؿĸӣλӣúƣǼҴүҪҵˣ
̧ͷվڴſڵĺˣһ¾ʣɣ⼸զؼҰӳ߶㡣
˵˵ȭŭһҰˣң֪˭𣿡
̧ӲᣬɣѰɻڴ⣬ɾӣ¼ҵѪ㲻ܲѽ
ϲûٿޣȦͨ죬Ǹ㿷֮޵ɣŸί޴ߡ
Χ۵İտʼָָ㣬˵ռλү㿷֮޲Ƕģ˵ûûģ˵չŮϹۡ
ȫ˶ɫôͰ͵źˣ޲֡
ԽǰԽ򱧲ƽѾ޿ָ̣ź˵ıӴĹΡ
ĵŭӿ֪褻Уµᣬ뵽ôһñӣͺ޲ܽƤ˽»ǮȥŪԹŮˣȴΪŶûϻӹһ١
֮ϴŶʧӰ١
ֻǸҰˣƲʲô
û룬Ԥ׵ͻȻھǡ
˲ʲôɵģǱ·ƾӣ뵽Ͼ֣
ǵһʱ䣬˾ͻɵΡͷϡ
⾩Ρ򸾣û֪ϼʱɹס
Ρ
Ȼרģ

ܼʵȥٴοˣ˶ˣǺүܵøɣ
˱˱ۣǰԼ侲ҲҪҰ˵һ֮ʸƭˣʲôףʲôӣѹͲʶȻˣҲԼΪĹϵ˴ۺ켵ʣ˻ʹֶݺҲ˵ţϣλӣ׾ӵļռʲôط㱳ûôҪҰִԲ˶ߡ
ɣ治Ҫ;ģɡɼʵýҲЩ첹ʡԼãѶƴǮץҩҲ֪˵Ĳײĵһ죬ÿǿҩ㲻ң϶ӶУܵøЩǮҲŲ
в
ϵ侲𽥹ѣɫѿȥ
Χҡ
һֱΪռλŮǸõģûҲǸĹεĳ
˭˵أûģҲܲԼ޶ﰡ
Ƕû˵ɣռλŮΪ˽ŮС㣬Ŷ˸𵽵׵ĻӣлĹ
Ӵιԭ˰˵أռô壬ֲȱӣôӲŮҪŮôҲ⾩ŵϺŵӵܰɣ˼ѡ˸Ŷ㲻ϵũͬʿ˻ƶΪүǻʶû룬ˣ
һһףûܵġ
̬ȫƿء
λַھӣסţûҪѻ˵ôԡǿѹŭֱͦһ̹ɣҺӰбλӷ˵ҷޣǲǹһˣǶîи˻ۡ
һϹöʣַ𽥵ȥһ˫˫۾ϡ
ûдűȺ˻ǸģǱ͸֮ңɣҲȥãùүҰץֻҪºʩһǮһȥܸץҩҶԸš
㲻֪ǰ˹æչţϱҲھǴ̫ãȥָҳɶܵιܵȥչܣǶˣԲЩҲܣҪֽŲڿЩףۼҹԲϡ
ͬ˾ռߵĴ󳳴֣һ˵б۶
ϵġҾһУΧ۵ﾩҸиеͬʱҲԽͬ
˵ռλүˣϽĸŪʮӻȥͷТ˳ϱȥԸײϣܲű㾡Тɣ
ǣТΪȣôĸϸⱨӦȶһʬ̧׵ﶼûС
ûȺˣǰƵϷֳֻˣ
̧ͷ΢΢һЦ㶼ûô⣿
ⶾ֪ˡ
ԷΪͶ·ƹˤ˲ܣգ֮˸ٺôҸ˫ֻҪܹԹԻȥ¡
˶٣ֲ䣬ߣֱӸ˭ģұ㲻ƽϡ
ͻȻЦԷ˭Ҫ˼ŵȡһ˫𣿡
˳ĬϼҷϣͻһӿϹһӱ˲ڽŵף
ž˱ŭ޿ָ̣һơ
Ϲҽһ˵עգɣңҲҪˣߣߡ
˵꣬ԱߵĶĸȺŲǱ뿪
뵽ǰǾ仰۵״ܳŭӡ
˵ҵѾɣͿˡ

357Ҫ1

ĸһߣΧ۵ȺҲܿɢ˵ռ֮ǰȢףϾ֮ʹֶʸ֦¶Ѿ
ܼҳɫѿĺˣʧҡҡͷת
ܼң
ͻȻס
үк£ƺû䡣
棬ܼһǸ
ǲҲǰ֪İһˣ
ܼĳ˵ʵڸŴԺж棬ж¼٣û˻ȥ˵˶ˣٵնġ
ڿĵ˲ǲǾԩݺҡ
ϲҪӳǽűȣͷΪ󸻹ӣ
˭֪ܣ
ôү͸Ӧô񣬰ݺǸ˾Ǳǲý
ܼ˵꣬ûٶֱȥҹػ
֪չǺúŪûżȥһֱվڴĥԲߡ
ˣ
褲֪ʱģһڵģӦҿȸơ
޲˵ŭۣ㶼Щʲô
褻ϰݣ˼ʱֿסϸ󣬿ǵԷӣؿȡ֣鲻
˦֣˫ƵĶ޶ˣ㻹Ʊǰɣ
棬֣ѹʲôȥ˵ڴⶪۡ
㻹֪ҪθߣǹҪ
ִǿаקȥ
ѣ̧ȥߣдҪǲ͸ҹȥԶռҴţ
˱ͷǶڣ褣Ҫ׸ռûΪΪ𣿿ЦΪܰԸΡмＸֵ˷Ѿ
ֱۣȥҧץԼֻ֡
û뵽Էˣʹ֮±ܵؽơ
ûվȣײļɽΪʱڵϣţɫòҰףͷ亹˵ѣҡҶӺʹ
Ѫ˱ŵæȥ褣ô
𡢱ңۡ
ǰ󲻹Ƭ̣ƿ˵ʹϾƵһ봹޵ʹ
汻ŵòᣬˣ븮ҽ

ճȵ̥񣬾ڣ褵ĺûסΪǴһƣֱˡ
ŵ֪ڴϣͷŷĨ˫һضͷӣն
С㡣źѾβ˵һ仰ʵӶūȥЩʳ
˵꣬ȥƳϵˣԷ˵һ䣬Ӷתһ£ˡ
Сô}˵ĳ棬ܿ뿪ȥͩԷ
Լ࣬Ѿʳװã߸ϣŲҴңɶ¶
潹ȥưɣСԴ͸˸Ƶģһֱū澸˵Ҳû̫ˡ
գӿ첽ӳǰߡ
褵ķԼŵ޵Ѫζ
Ų˶٣߽ҡ
褶ȵࡣͣ£һҿʳиӣһϵ˵ϸģλӴƵĺĸס
ûӦ
ʢ࣬˵齱ߣҨһ״Ҫι
ƫͷȥԲԡ
褶ӹ飬ʱܲʳĻٳЩȥܲסġ
ûθڡڽǻϸš
̾˿û˱ûˣû¶ͺãеǻ
ͻȻƫתͷۿɵװɵϳô¶㾹Ȼ˿֪飿
˵˵¶ҹܲˣֻܹ㡣
⻰Ứֱת
Ҳˡ褿޳һֱίͿȫ£ԭΪĻںã˺ӣӽҾܹϺռüҵģ軹衣޶ŶˣûҪҽһ䣬Թȡ֣һƾͰҿľӪķ֮ûˣ˵ʲô˵ѹûңϹۿˣŻеζɵػĺӡ
һ˵һᡣ
࣬СŻϣͳϸᡣ
˵꣬ŻȥˣǾͺɣ
졣
ⱲӲʱ򲻶࣬żôһأҲȫΪٶٶڵĸǰһ
褻ɵݸסŮЩ֣Ŀᶨ֧㡣

˰Ƶ֮ͱԺļҶ˹ȥ
չĽŽ߹ڵϣ֮˵ϱӣҪִмҷ
˻ûӸղСһĻл⧲ذһӣ۵Щشʹͣ׵ҪݺСǧ򲻿Ƕһ֮ʣ֮ǰûɹףҲûйӣǼֱں˵˵
չһ仰˵ֱһڶ
˵ĺϼѪ۵ֱð亹
˶ӵ¶ԹңСѾ֪С֤ӽӱԴСֲǻᣬлٻġ
չû˵ıһޱһأû¾úƤ
ȥʱչ˵һ仰
ӲϡҶСģӾҪ
ܼȥ˵һֻֻ죬ƺץסʲô
ܼ̾ʲôˣүֺαٷѾ˵Ϊ˶ԸκֶŵĿһʱʧүΪ˾һ棬ֲ˵ġ
ģ褳⣬Ƿȥƿƣ˵ǵƺֱӷɵμϿգʱ빭ְѵ֬ܰμȫ档
ԼܺߣȻ˵̫أѾûڡ


ֱڣ⸮˭׵̫ˡ

358ҿ԰Ը½ˣ2

һֱҢչͷ⣬ۡ
ӳϹϵչȫ޷侲Զԡ
֮ǰ褱ƵͻطжʱһʱҹǱŮ̼ˣһСֻ޵ŮˣȻ׳ŵӰѺһһʮ
ҲǾĿڣչ֪Լ˳Ǻˣ⣬Сɵ˺Ҳ޷ĥʵ
£չû㱨ɷ򣬸ûֱӰ˸ɱˣΪԶԶﲻйߵĿġ
Ҫ
ԺûбϳռңǱ廨󵽺ǰ
ܼŻǯյ÷̵̿гչķԸүұͰѺ˵ո̻
ճ¯ĺ̿źԶܸо̣˳ſƤܼǿ̿ԼԽԽͷ͵һһһ߽Բ࣬ﴭŴܼңңҪʲôҶܸ㡣
ܼ΢ЦţүֻǸˣôԸҾôհ죬ˣǹԹĺãģɾͲֹƤ֮ˡ
𣬽ܼң֪ҪϵֻҪϷһһŪ֡
ܼҲΪˣүϲΪǣ˺ߡ
ô˵Ҫأ
үֲ´ˡܼҽպ̿ǰͣүδҪ
˵꣬
Ҷǽ˵Դڰϣһ
ܼƤգһ£ǿ̿ô˺˵ա
ʱ䣬Ƥⱻͺ˳ƺʹͬʱں
ǰ򷢳ȥļλͷľսһɫס
ܼɨƵĽ̿ں˵ɨɨȷĵطˣŽ̿ͻ˻ǯͳϸ˲֣һǰδаֱү˼ֻôүƷүԹĿͷѣôҪϾүͬռŵġ
Ƥ˿Ϊ˸ղŵľһѪұѾ̵ƤⷭĿȫǣ˿ǶЩȶȵ̿м
һϢȥ֮ǰܼҷԸ˰ͻԺ

ﻹ褵ķڣжȥһƣĥðĺˣ΢΢һ֮;үôˣ
ѺͻļҶү˴ܷүСǰ˸ͻȻڣ˾ͽˡ
˵һ֣ǼֵܣͷҲصسԺš
ֱӵſڵϣͻȥ֪
ʹӣѺ˷ضμ䡣
Ǳ褻ɥ֮ʹˣָܴ̼
˰齰˵֮һʱ䣬Ÿүá
˺ˣƽɣֻſš
һ˿ڶ¶ǰ
վһֱ£̡ǻǸϽ븮ҽɣ
̾Ҳ룬ɼҶ˵ˣүΪ˴Ҳ֪үò븮ҽ
ȫҿǸûһƤģС˵ǲ򣬹үǳŲסá
ɣȥԺү׼׼븮ҽ׼Ļ˳ѸҽԸ
֮ɿȥԺ
ղʹѾȥ¶μֻʣʹڻ״̬ĺˡ
£˵УͳСƿ򿪣Ƕˡ
գ۵Ĺ򣬺ҩζĴ̼ӻ˯ۡ
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㡢㺦ң
ܼɾʹ˿֧Ųס˹ķӦعⷵʽĺһſȥȻ˫۾ȴźεŭͺޡ
ݸһЦˣĲңԼ
ȫӺŵһʼͲýռ֣ȶԲסҹŮռңʸ֦ȴģн죬ȫǾȡԹñˡ
˵ͺ𣬡㴦ĻǶԸңʲôĿģ
㶼Ϊĸգ³㵱̣ҹŮӦĴۡ
ѣԼǸСˣرĥͬصôԲΪҪ褣һбԭ
ٴο˵̽˭㵽˭
˭һܴˡӦ硣
Ͳȥǰҷ㣿
°˵ţ֪óһɫҩǰ˻ΣΪ£Ϊ׼
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ģҪ
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Ǻ֮£ǿҩ
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㡭
Լ˵˻ô˻ɤ񳹵ױ˸ϣȫûӦ
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ץźܵһɣͷ
δԼһư͡
ͬƳһۣԩͷծȻ㶼زˣҲһЩ㲻֪¡
Żϵ˭ѵı˭㣬Ҳ˳ҪԸˣҡ
һ
Сϣԩʱͷϣ˵˰ȥ˳츮ãں˵Ʋ£˸ôηɱļ
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ԭΪǿûҲ֡
ʹڡ
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벻뱨𣿡ȻЦʡ
˳ֻ˱ۣ
Ů̫¡
ҿ԰Ը½ˡ˵иǰ

359֮1

֪˵˻Ӳһ˺ܶʱҵһطȫǼֵǵĹֻҪһѻˣҾͰ뿪ռҶɽ𣬵ʱôԸ½̱λС檶ɡ
ü£
֪Լò£ΨһεƺҲֻ
̧ͷ˵۵׻żɡ
˵ңѡ񡣡
˿˿ڣպϵĲˮд˵̫أѹͳȥ
ЦֻҪӦһᾡȬ
˻ԥ˵ģʲôط
½ϺүĲ󡣡
½Ϻүղأⷽû˲á
ִע½ҵ˶š
½ϺүĶ˲٣ˣһղصİߣһǴΪǮĲԡ
ȲΪǮҲղأҵطһѻ˵ģ˻ͷһжޣ
ɻ½Ϻүг
ʵģñʡ
ǶǵĻشԽúƶв롣
½Ϻү֮䣬һй£˺Ǹˡ
Ǹطͬ½Ϻүġ
ʣȻôĳޣΪʲôգҪһ˲֣
΢Ц˰ҵҪȥûκѡͳ·
Զԡ
ȷʵѾ;ĩ·ʱ˭ֻҪϣԸһ
źǱģ뵽½ϺүǸ
̫ЩûɰȥңȻ½ҷ˸׳춼ûһֻ
ֽ̫Ŀת棬½ϺүȥǻȥĵطȫûŹȻʲôҲû鵽
ֲׯ£ֻǸ⡣
̫ʱ˵Լȫû뵽½ϺүȻ֮ıרͣ˹ײĵĵط
ٳûõ˶ֵԭ򣬲¶˲ǡҡ
ǵطׯʵڵص£Ȼȴ˷أȥͿԣֻͣһ˲Ʒͼûջ٣̼ͻᱻըΪƽء
仰˵˭ҪǸ͵֮£߾Ĳ͵øƷͬھ׼

Ѿǿŷ壬á
ֻҪըǸط̫Ľܽ⿪롣
ȫ֪ĵ˼룬дʲôط
𣺡ϣɼׯ
һ£ȻҲû뵽½ϺүѲƷŵֵط
βƳȥǰɫԺ˵ˣʲô¶˵
ź򴽵ү븮ҽ
￴Ѿͷ浥չ˼һ븮ҽ𣿰Ͳú˻ࡣ
ţȴżæŵģǿô죿
ֻ̾ܿү컯ˣܰ˿ڽ裬žͦȥ
ƤıˣĿȫǵˣոջɤӣӹǣҲŲҹ
˵ͩԷнҩһȥȡүϡ
꣬䣬¶ɵүҪ֪ˣЩźˣһкùӳԡ
æͷūãū澻ᱣܵġ
һ˻ͩԷҩ
ﱾ£ֵ̫ܲǿŮΪǿܣ̫ȥѧҩԼ֮
˵ĽҩʵԼƵġú˾ϵҩһҩЧ졣
ûȥԺϸϴ˺ϵ˿ڣŰҩȥ
Уûһ
տʼ仹ΪǹүԼͣܵסʹ
أŷֹүǳ
ǸԵСѾͷ֪үү̫ݱưٲ˵ź˻ݵʱ򣬰¶˵ˡ
󻹸пС㣬үÿ
⻰ǹ䳰Ҫǿϱضǿˡ

£ϵ˲Ȭ
İ£ĳ˹ǰɼׯ
ָʾ˳ׯĲ
ͷƵĶ౦Լ౦ĿĲƷ˴һ
˶ʮ꣬ûôƷ²УҲܴͭϸֻľտ֮жϳֵơ
Щһܹ֤°뱲ʳǡ
˳ԼĻӣȻ֮ġ
ֵǮǱһѻ񲻿ϧ磬͵óȥغãʣòߵЩһѻջ١
ռǴȥˣܵøԼ·Уﵹǿڿ˵ҪǸŮЫĳ˭֪ڵĻľľ٣
⣬˽ӴʼѲ뿴ļֵǮ
Ŀתǽ֡
ٲʶǶҲܲʶҡ
ķʮģٴģǧѩﴺ
ǰ
һʮģһٴģһﴺ
д˵ǰǽƴҲҪػķǼ٣֮˵硣ûȷ֤ݡ
ҲػĴǷΪ棬Ļѹκλ
һض෽ʿĹעʱԼۣ
ϲ񣬱ȫۣ־ȥժŹŵ
հѵһȡʯعϵ
˼˲Ϣͻľ޴ը˽˦ȥײǽϡ
Ȼ֣Լ˲ܿں֮⣬ˣǰһһķڡ
ըѪģһ̣֪ӦԼƭĺΨһһ룺ԸţҲһҪƿƾ

ɼׯıըСܿ쾪ѲӪ
ѲϹȥʱ򣬳˷ֱը֧Ĳ֫ϱֲۣƬͭ
ѲӪܿһֱ˹ۡ
Ƭͭƣ˭ôׯ
ѲӪͳ˵ְ¿˿ϰټֻϧȫը٣һĶûʣ¡
ϰټĹŶ
뵽һֿܣѲӪͳ죬ܿȥٰ̫󣬡ɼׯǲĸըٵģ
̫󴽽΢ѹְԭѾˡ
ĸ󡣡ۿ޺ϵĶׯŮˣ÷Ľˡ
ôЩ겻ݵı˵ʵԼô

358

û죬ҪȥйΡҪС
ǰһǸգΡڼеģ̶־
СһڵϣҡͷԵظѧ
ӽǶѧһ֣÷
żһһѧģĴţŵߵһ£Сһġмֶдûͦ
Ŀ棬Ժ︡Сһﱿ׾ʵӣס𴽽ǡ
ףҪȡ
СһעѾ־ϣϵ÷˵ˡ
õ鰸÷˹һΡһ
Сһӣһһ׵͡
ȡ˵ǰϲˣôˣ
ûһͼȡ
ºȶֶӣֻʢ˰룬Сһ֮ҪãķݶѾˣȵõ졣
뵽ҪԶţ۰Ͱ͵سΡҪߡ
Ķȥʡ
Ҳ֪ȥŵߣ϶кóԵģкġ
ӲüͲ׼ȥ
⻰Դſ鰸ϡ
СԹϣȥɶģȥ򡣡
򣬽Ҫ򡣡Сһһʱ˾ԲԲ۾ġ
ָָѹֶֽдˣһߣʹȥׯϸС򡣡
ɾʮСһʣָļд
д֮־
Сһﲻɣղûñ
۳źŪȥָĿڣҪܰѸղ̵ȫײ򣬻ºץ㣬ô
Сһָͷ˭ȽϳԿ
ȥûֵܵץջСһţΡǶ־˳
⣬Сһ۵һڡ
˵һŵôܻ
ѧٶȲԪҪǲôգ˱ֳɢžķϲ
ʱԼþӵϵСߡ
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Ρϴëʣǲؿڣ˵ˡ
ͷһôģ
˵Ρ治ףռҵڲ֮¡
̲ס꣬Ȼ嶼ǻ˵ġ
Ρп˵ԸҵЩ˼飬ڿǰס
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˵Ǿʱ֪飬ɺԺ֮ǰ̣ҲѽãѪ˸ײ˵㵱УԺ뷽跨ѹ㡣
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Ρϴëʣ̧СϱੲݵԹݸ˵Ϊֻܴˣʾ˶һ
Ըɣ̾ԸӽǶҪˡ
˵ŻС˻īүˣ½Ϻү
ʦ
Ρ۵죬
ī뿪๫ʦôˣ
Ρ뾩ôãʦͷһҡ
ΡҡͷҲ֪ͷ˼һˣҪ¡
Ρ˵꣬ԸȻطȥʦ
ͷĿ߳鷿
Ρֱǰ½ϺүѾںȲ衣
ΡЦʦԵţǼֳ˼ֵǵıˡ
½Ϻүһۣԣֵǵѵӣ
ΡЦûϡ
£½Ϻү⣬Ҵ뱲ӵѪȫһˡ
Ρ֪ɼׯʦĲƷйأãȻ
Щȥţע⵽ʲôû½Ϻү
Ρ룬ʵͬ˵ɼׯ޶˱ըֳ˹ǣ˲Ƭͭ͸¶Щ⵽ٻ֮ǰĹŶֵơ
˵ĹУΡѾµʲôԣЩƷԭʦģ
˽⣬ʦղعֻѾʮ꣬ĺö٣ȫɼׯĻôαըνǽ˼ҵһĶˡ
뵽ʲôΡ׷ʣҲׯ
½Ϻүû
ΡĿʦɫҶ˽⣬пƷΨǼٵġ
Ͼķ˼ʮѪռܲ
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ͽܵϸ緢;ǣ½ϺүѼֲ֣ͽ׾پƲֻ΢һ£֪һֱңԾ͹͸¶ֵµ˳ֲ󡣡
ѼʮѪóйߣʦ˼ͽԽˡ
ҡ½Ϻү˵빬һͺҵڣһֱ֪
Ϊβ
½ϺүЦЦܽͣҺڶʮꣿ
Ρû׷ȥ
ܶʱ˵ȲѣһΪʲôɻġ
ûԷ޿κΣվүĽǶָ
οүվôߣһܹع˵ÿϡ
ΪˣܿĶƬ档
̫ʦ˸˴شĵطʦԼΡ
ȥ˼Ρƽ͵ʣҵĿʲô
½Ϻү˵ϴһû
ûϢΡҡͷ
幰æ飬ȫû˿ȥһڴ롣
Ϣˡ½ϺүֻҲ棬ܷõһֻܿ㡣
ΡûоܾǷʲôط

3611

ٰ½Ϻү˵̫걻ΪʺʱΪױĹûôӦûڡ
Ρˣʦ˼Ҫҳ̫Ū֣
СӣʦԸܷɣȫָˡ
ʦҪô˵ĻͽҽĻ
̫ྫˣһǷ⣬û㾯ԣ
ʱ򱻲ʦĹϵ̫һŭ֮ʲôٶΡԼǲǣˡ
ʦѵÿڣֱֲӷˡ
ԥ֮ʣΡ˵һͽұ֤һõֻܴӦʦæܲܳɣÿĽ
½ϺүΪ֮ʵҳҲǲԣֻҸϵֶʮ꣬ʱһҵĽͣ˵ְѻҡ˶٣ɼׯҵ֤ݣԼȥҪ͵øϰټŶһ³

½ϺүΡصپӣѾȥйҪƷʰãȦϣɫ̫ÿ
ôˣΡӲŹС
๫½ϣܲܲȥ
Ȼ̧ͷ˫ֽץסֱۣҪסŵˣĿֻֻ
Ρ˸ĺ󱳣ǲֿõˣ
๫γлˣˡ뵽ǰԤеĻ棬ͷһ
Ρʾ˵
ƽݣĵ׵Ĳ⣬̣๫ʱ˼ԼˣΣ
ȻΡΪй˹٣๫ٻԸҪ
ûԽûף๫㵽û˵
ֻ޴ץĸ첲Ρ˳ƽĸֱϣ֮ûֱͬⲻʥ½ϣϻ̣ΪӾ͸ӱˣȥɡ
죬Լ˵˵Ļ
๫̰֮οѵЧҵĵûҽڶ㿪Թλ߳¡
ֻܸɰͰ͵ؼһ仰ҿЩ̿˭ŵģﲻæȥ˲Ȳ˻ϣԼСϡ
˵Ȧ΢΢ź졣
ԤؿмȾ۵ĻԺ֮ȥֻҪһ뵽ɤ۶Ͷµ
Ƕʮ£ΡҲûмŹעԼǾ๫ʲôʱܻΪˣ
ⶼʲôʱȻҵ٩
ЩЦãһۡ
Ҳû˹Ե޹ʱΡڼ˵ǻƴǰ͵ù˵ѹֻڿ˵Ĺ¡
ԭĵĵǣЩܿɢȥ롣
޶ԲߣҲԶͨƽ͵Ȼ̬ڻ޴֮ܵǷѵõİġ
֣Լ֪ʱѾָо
Ǹеģ̲סڣҪȥɣǰС߲ͯͯҲУŮֻҪܸȥôװҶν
Ρȥˣô죿
ⶼʲôʱ㻹Ŷӣչ˽չ˽Ǳ㣬س̶ȣѹ¶Ტۣܲͽ֮ѡһɣ˻ѡɵɵ
ɵҲԼ۾ѡġ
ѽ˳Ļ˵Ҽ๫СΪӣʱܲվ˵԰ɣ
⻰ͷȴã۵׳ԣʼˣ֪๫ˡ
񲻰ʲôʱˣ
ʵȴĳӿй˵ۡ
ȷҪΡߣʼʰװһ׷ڴͷһС˴硣
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ԼҶոͲߵùˣѾϰʮ꣬ϱտ˵Ѿ뵽㣬£̾һ˵ⶼϹٵˣզǼĵùҶǸù٣캦¶үզǲأ
Ц⻰˵ģү֪ôش
һԹ˲ɣԽ˵ԽԴҰǶĴ󰸣أٷûţù˵Уⲻ첻ɶ
үĥ๫أ
һп飬ʮǽĥʮ꣬ⲻүԱ˳ŵû¶ɣһľҼڣһھʮꣿ

ÿζãԼŵĻ
ܲһ䣬˵Ķԣүǲۣһ˼ôŰӻ¹
ˣһۣ˵ɶ㶼лңѧøСƵġ
ʧЦҪ֪ڱô˵ָɡ
ôţܲ˫żҷɵҽа壿
˵ˡ
ӻû꣬ͱ˸˹ȥ
ӻǸɻҵη
ͻȻŮһ£ɶˣ
η𵶵£⻰޳ȥŮͳóȥˮظҶǰɣ
ˣüͷ˵һصģűȹֻ⣬զк򣿡
ҶкҲûϡҡ
Ѿͷһ͸ҽа壬ҿǱżҸ߳ˣһضûС
ηۣż޳ȥãͳˣǲ
ôˣӹŲȥǵҪҵͷţ˲ˮ룬ǲ㵹Լɹˡ
ηЦĻ棬ûסֱЦ

3622

ЦηôͻȻˣҲͨһҺóȥ㡣
صǱŵġη˵һˣôʲôҪȥӣһòϰߣû׼󶼲ˡ
£ֻشһ⣬ӶԼƷˣѵпգҶǺȺȲ졣
˵ţ˸˸ƻǲҧһڣһڣôžôţû˹ܡ
һбӹȥǵУ
ôˣη飬տż˵ң˵ɩǲڱ˵һ
ӵΪôϡػ˵Ը𡣡
η̯֣˵ʲôţ޳ȥĹŮǾóȥˮﲻɹ¼ҹˡ
㵹֪֮
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ƶˣԹûû˸
ηͻȻֱӣЦ
ҵɽ亣ζûι㣿
ɽ亣ζζˣżҲҪС˵ζ˵
ĸŮĻͷЦȻСҪԣۻǸϽȥɣҸ֡
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Ҳη
ŵѸоֻǵ첻СãʵϣǿȺģʼŹŮ
뿪ηôһ˹Ǻ;أ
ηһӸˡǸ˵ˣԼ徲
ˣ
Ҳ㲻ϳܣԼͷƣ͸͸֪ߵۼҴǰˣֿܲˮֱ𣿡
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ηţţʹܡ
㿴üʱȻᳳô֪˽û
ͿɾɣηƲ죬ʲôУұ죬ûܵı£Ҫܸ㳳ҰԼֵд
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˵Ҳǡη֪ǰôûĺͰıȽǿأ
ܣʱֻõˡ˰ɣ
ޣ˭ˣҪĳҺ棬Ҷϡô
Цô˵ˡԸѡķջ˵ٲãҲұ۾Լġ
ηɵس꣬ѵȢģ
֪˵©죬ụ̀вزס֮⡣
ͻȻͲ֨ηİıæӣһ˷ܵɩɩʵɣô¶
ʲô
ѽ
ǳ֥ùӵ¶ˣûʲôʵġ
ڷҲ˵˵û׼һ꣬ͺתˡ
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ͻȻʲô˲õľܣηûӦ
ȻȲʣô˵Ҫ޸ģ
šͷ
ӴιǧģҾ˵ôͻȻ֮俪˻ɩ˵ϸ㵱ô˵ģԣʱǲ˵𣿡
ţһǸưͣ޷ڡ
޷ڻĸԸȢ
ηֱӳ˸Ĵָ
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ηϸģϲ⣬еԶˣ˵ңҲ˵˵Ը
ʲô˵ģηҧһƻҵôˡߵһģǲȫ֪
˵һֱ
Ҳ֪Ŀǰͷϣˡ
˵ЦЦȷʵͷϣһԵٻżҡ
ֻСڳܵϰ߲ãһû˵´ѱż˲뷨֮ܶҪΪԼΪŮǡ
֪ηףѾ侲û˵ˣҲû˵ȥֻѵûһˣúøǾ۾ۣɩɩò᲻ңԲŻżҸϳȥɣ
ܰ˵ṇ̀ǹͣܰ𣿡
ηһڲǺϡˣǧܲ𡣡
ɩ˵䣬ӶڵֱӸηǰϣ̣ˡ
ηӹӵĿӣ£ִսᣬۣܵϤζȻá
֪ҵĺˣһ߲һ
ηæųûػ
Ӽǳ࣬ò˳ۣԣû˸һԵøͶ̥Ƶģ㻹̣ҪҪˣ
ηһ̧ͷЦŵģǰһҪɶǲЦ𣿡
ӿһԱߵĶϱƼûҹŮã֪֮
ЦЦúݣȴĽμĸŮദģʽ
ĸڣû׼ԼҲηһǰɾڡ
뵽ĸصسϵӣԺٴθֵ䵱д󳯷Ļ´

3631

ηûҴá
ȥʱԼ˵˸ˡܵԭ
˵߾ʼսңҹּˡҪȥ˵һ˫Ůû꣬𣿡
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ϾѾɼôãϻʲôûУ˵ûҵҲ
ȥηּ
ԵĻȮӸˡѹвͨ
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ֻ֮鶯֮ˣþ;˵¶£
η̾Ըܳһġ

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֪Ϊˡܳȥģȥġ
ηʵȥϣҽͻȥ
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ηǲģ϶ѻ˵ôˣȰ𣿡
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ηˣΪĸǿľ֮󣬴ҴææԼԺӡ
ԶӴ˷Ŀ
ƿη󲽿ȥ÷֦ͷкš
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÷֦˵үүȥˡ̣ȥѽ
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η˵꣬÷֦ѹŮ˺壬ֿʼӡ
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Сһֻצӽη䡣
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ϱô͹ܲˣһ֮ܳȥһиôô͸ɩɩ
η⻰һŤͷһ֮ܳȥҪҲС£һսܱ֤ȫȫβĻʱ£˭Ҹ
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֪ηòᣬˡƽͣϱû棬㿴ȻѧģϲģǾ仰ô˵ţûԹҲܣ̲ᣬ̸ֽһᰡôЩ꣬ıһѧ˲ٵģܵøҸⷢȵĻɣ
η˼ֱҸᣬ¶ô죬ô죿ˡѾǳˣǿܲʵһ㣿
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û㣬ͲܴʤǰɣҲǿ̸ֽȫʤģ
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㵹Ĵ󣬳ȥΪսң˻ЪЪ
ˡüͷϱ˵㲻֧Ҳˣǵ˵ô𣿡
ֻڽʵעҪ;Ķˣ߾սеĵţôֲֶͷϡ
ǷҪȥأ
ηƫۣҪȥȥ¶ֻûˡ
ۿˣˡ־ֽۣģɫأϱңƽġ
ηҧ㣬Ϊʲôǲʵأ֪սж𣿼ʬѪɺӣܱ֤ԼѪëᷢҪԼбºǧӮʤֻ̣ȥûʲô˵ġ
ˡֵأϱҪһٰɣʡﲻܡ
Ҫ⽮սһСˣĸҶ
ˡһֻ֣ĴָʳֱָסǣȻᣬϱˣ˵òã
һ˵һԴ
η졣
ϱ
Ҷ˵㻹ôţ
ûôţЦһЦ
ˡ˵꣬ѶӾϣС°ͣӣЦһ
Сһﱻ֣Ц
ˡЦǺǵϱ㿴ӶЦˣͱٱ˳ɲɣúӼ˶಻á
ǴӦȥˣ
ˡĬãٶȿڣֱ˵ɣҪôŲſͬҸŵȥ̣
롣ηı鲻ڿЦҪǺˣʲôҶܲš
ǡˡɫ΢΢䣬ϱЦͷ˰ⶼŮ˫ȫˣôźأ
ǰŮ˫ȫˣΪʲôͲܰԼҵλã㲻ү๫Ǿǵ׵жԸǻּҪҾ޶ǣ㲻ǣˡүһòãû̵ĺƵΪˣ䲻𡣡
ˡͷһμηΪսѪڣѡòϱǲҲȥˣͲҺ룿
ηҲǲˣֻҪӦȥԹԴڼ֮ǰһʹҾ͵ûƽϡ
ˡ룬˵ȥԣÿ춼ҪȥУμѵܲ˰ɣ
ηû˳ȡϵ廨룬˵Լָ⡣
ܿѪ˳ָ
ηѪָ쵽ǰ˻Ρ

3642

ˡûгηԤеѪ󣬷۵ؽָȥѪַԸ÷֦ҩԸĨϡ
̣η仰û˵ֻһ˲˲ҩĨ꣬ų㲻ǻѪ𣿡
綼ˡˡ˴ָϵĴˣϱ۲
ηջ֣ѪĻ⣬ôŪõģ
򿴵£ˡûţҶɫƫĶʱʱؽӴѪ˵һָϰߣÿ춼ܵɱһ꣬ʲôˣԭҸᵱϲģûἰ
㵽ɱһļηԭͦʵûסЦ
ϱЦˣˡźתڵظȣôǲر־
η⣬ܵ˾䣬ɣ
ˡڣ㿴ҶʮѪ֢ܿ˷ɱе¶
̸ηÿ죬ʲôʱбӮûʥּϹҿ϶㡣
ϣСľȥУһ죬Ŀ࿴
ηƤûָɶϢ
ˡѪˣ⵹Ǽֵø˵¶˵󲻱ΪݵԱ

η뿪Сǰ˵߾̵¶ʱһƣһʱȥΡ˵а취ֹɱ¼
Ρһ·¿õõᣬԶĿת񣬡ʲô취
ʵոСӻң˵߾ڴ̣ˡĸ׳Ѿּǰ
ʱҵӦȫ±ձȻԹԡ
๫ԴΪȰɻ᲻ͬ⡣
Ρᣬԭڴ̣ҾȻûõκϢ
˵๫ĳֻϽ徭Ȼгд¶֪㣬Ҳڲ֪๫ܷɫ빬ȰһȰϣ
šΡףһϹۣʱл
ΪԼ㶵ؿƬ̣񣬡Ϊʲôҵл
Ρݸûڣܶһδܰɡ
ҲŵлѽͻȻôҹֲ˼ġ˵꣬ЦŴȥɣһúˡ

Ρɳ빬ƣ˻ʳſڵʱ˵Ҫϣسǽδ
ӻʳſڿʼԼĪһĹڵǬ幬
ڸģΡЩû뵽ʴ޹ձҪ£ô빬ˣ
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һֱûȻڣʣͬκֵ˵߾սңҵ򣬲ݼޣĸڹҲܰڣ񲿶໨Щ˼ǣʱڣʵûҪ¡
Сһͣ˲û˼īӻУϷ޷ųȥĻôջأ
Ρʹ庣̣̩񰲣λ֮ͷȴ£΢ţܰ䲼һ޷֮Ļλ
Ͽ䣬ʵ°ܣ۱ˣСӾͲܺú˵
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۷޸ǰ˵ĻľûԷθģ
ΡٻأĿǰԣʱûС
ʼɫĵΡֿ۰Ĺۣ뵽ĳЩ£ܸͬܣһԻΣκֻ᲻壿
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ˣͬҸ̸һ֡
˵ţԼλ˳
ΡûмӦ𣬰Ź۱̬
ۼվŲüɵʲôǲỹǲң
Ρƫһֱû̬΢Ϊûͬ⡣
Ӷˣ޻ܲӣ˵꣬Ŀںڰϣ˵ͷһغΰ䵱ģôŰɣѡӣΣ
˺񰮣΢ҵ
ۣ仹û˭Ӯùޣ޿ɲһ׶˵ʤ֮䡣
ΡûӦƺ˳˼
ָСӵˣ޸ǰҲ񡣡
ΡЦ΢ֻھᣬ嵽ҪٹһɵĵݶòǸòһȫԸһ΢ȫԸײ˸պʤ˻ϣǻϡ߳ӢҪһ浽һϻ᲻һŭ֮°΢ϳȥնˣ
һ⻰ʶȥʵɫ
ȻɫѿҲһѿ
׶ڳҪ˼һ豭ӹȥˡ
룬۵ͺȣϻ˵ӣ
Ρѡ˰塣
˵ӣûƴǣԹ
Ųյʱʱǳһڣ˫Ŀϡ
ʮ꣬統ģ֮ǰ˼̣Ψй۹òʱӮȫ̽䡣
ԪùôãδΡ壬ѵһΪ˸ϣ˭ΪӮҡ
뵽ͶΡԷͦöֱʱհӣٶȽ֮ʱŸС
֪ΪΣܾΡӮʡ
⻰
Ƽѽɪ˼ģԻҵСޡ
飺
ԽɱСôƣǱʾг𱨳ж
ԭԸ޸֣еĺﱩһ٣һϢ˾׵Ʋϯһɽ
ɽԻȥ
дɷ˼δޣ룬֮Ϊ޸
īּһСѾͷŮ˭֪ţ֣СѾͷŮСѾͷȴʱô޸

365ӮĻ1

ʵҲȷʵԤķչ
ۺΡʮغ֮ʤѾ
Ρʤ
վ׼ȸٸˡ
۳֣ȴϾôˣոǾ̫ѿòģҲһ֣
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ʾ
Ρȥιѡ˰ӡ
Ρһźָ⣬ûм£ǿۣȻǲģûвͷȤ
׼ӵһ٣̧ôĿû£͸ƶڶӮޣ
Ρ˵΢շ汾ͲͨӮõһȻǽңڶֻһȫԸ΢ʤ̫Сʱ޲ͷô΢ɡ
ѵС˵̶üëҪʲôͷ
Ρݸ̫һĻ΢Ӯϱ͸΢Σ
˫
ĸĻôû˵
Ҳƣĸһֻٰ϶ЩģʲôʱһĻ
ع񣬹׼ڣͽ˲磬κֻɵĿӮʣµɣп䣬ˣֵΣ
Ρֱԣ΢ˣ˵Σ΢Ρ
䣬һͣ㵱ɵƾ޵ݣղ壬Ѳ㻹
ΡЦţҪ˽Ļ¾ûܸĵˡ
Ҳǣ˼Ƭ̣ôŰɣˣӽƾ޲ǲԸ˭㲻ҽѣǲң
˵ˣֻҪΡ壬͵ĸԸΪе
룬Լó棬ҪȥԸռҡ
Ըķ䣬Ρûԥֱӵͷá
ˬ죡
عЦЦʼӡ
һֹ˶ʵһʼΡռϷ硣
һ֣ٲҵģóȫʵ
ΡõٰǷȻҲá
һ˸ƽ֡
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ΡʱʱƳ⣬ƳڿʱԸ޹ȥȡµг̣ûʺǱ׼̫硣
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Ρջߣˣ΢ֻ³̫ãе޶ᵣġ
ַԸһλСȥθͨһ˵ЩҪδڹҹ̸Щʱٻȥ
СǬ幬
ܰ˰ɣֳʲô۶ӡ
Ρף롣
ۺӡ
һŵض֮ٴøƽ֡
һӮˣڶƽɺϵĻôֱʵˡ
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ΡԼ΢ڹӼѧʦԣΧ֮ܵԲطкƽ⣬˵΢ѧɽһǣ˵֪һ޲֮
˵˰죬Ρƾš֪һոųơҰ޶֡ĵ˸ƽ֡
⵶ģδ̫ݡ
ʱһӣ̲סһ¡
һһϿʼһֵɱúһԵСȥùԪ

֮ǰļƻջͬһ½ϣԪȥѾ˰µļڣʰ׼ؼңǬ幬̫롣
үǬ幬һˡ
Ԫ㶣û˵ʲô¶
СԥƬ̣ʵ˵δںͻ϶ģ¹սأ
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ԪûҡͷҵҵɲԶˡ
ǻԪûӴΧ壬˾ҲֻѧƤëӼԺѧٵнڣֻʱն̣ûþ˹ӵ
鷿ҲΧ壬ÿθģԷѾ壬׼壬ֶ䡣
Ԫǰϲ԰Ū빬󴦴ѹѧˣѾôעʤðɣʵ뷭ɶԷ̫㣬ÿշһϾͻᱻĻȥճϡ
ʾͺúÿ⼸ѧʲǳ㿴ˣС
Ԫ˵ĴιҲðܸ㣿
ֺǰԸ䡣
һЦ̡
û˵ţֻżϵ
֮ٶԽԽ
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޵ڵĲĻڼ
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Ρʤ
Ѿô֣ۼ㲻䣬ҲòΡͬһ㣬϶ˡ
ְѺڰɫӹúãΡЦۣȻ΢ӮˣǷöԼĳŵ
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۰ڰ֣Ըķ䣬ҲôСˣֻɫ̫ѾЪˣ޲ǰȥţõˣٶֳŵΣ
ΡûֻҪϲ˴¾ͺá
Ҳˣˣκֳ
Сǰȵʣδ˳ɣ
Ρٿһۣ΢ҵ
̹ȻܾûҸ൱ˣ˳̡

366๫𣿣2

˵ҪΧ壬Ρ˵زĻֻܵͷӦʡ
ʱΡԪǰǰǬ幬
ҹƹů΢
Ǿǻû˸
Ԫѵڹʵкܶ໰˵ѡ˳Ĭ
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֪˳ԵĿп࣬Ȼࡣ
Ρİʲôʱꣿ
һ뵽Ԫͷ󣬡̽ڷˣµ˼ǵȢײŷҳ
˵ԪصȥΡɫҪҰŸϱɣôһҲˣ
֣Ρ˵ܶϷοʮ꣬ȢͣҲùʮˣ㶮úΪΡʱ㰲¡
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Ρļ򣬡ȿ⼸꣬һζûᡣ
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·û˵Ȼڣ֮ǰĸǸʱ๫ѾʮɣӦòƫ𣿡

367֪ĸݣ1

ûΡڣ˵ҵң̰棬˱ͦҾȻûǶμ䣬Ҿãһϳ˭ҵĺӣھ֮ͻȥ˵һʶҵȻʶҵܲʶԣ

ΡȻãǰЩ겻û뵽ЩֻǸʱûлԵĸĺİˡ
๫Һﳤ𣿡
Цĺܺÿ·ǵڵдȢǸ¶С
񡣡Ρ˵
ȻѾȥ֮ìֻԽԽ
ΡΪһԶԼΡ
ж񣿡
ʳ仰뵽ԼڱѩͦŴӸ๫ȥɽϼĸʱһ䣬½ϳò
ϡǵؼԺԼž˺þãһֱ벻ͨΪʲôҲлɹԼ
һģ̳ġΡʵ˵
˺εĻشɢΪһܵľᡣ
ĸ½͢ΣݷǸ󣬸ҳôɡ
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ͷģڿ
ΡŲȥ˴뻳ɤ񣬡ʵܵĻͿ޳ɣ
˫סԺĻۻƵԺһĻһĻ
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¸Ϊ˸ҽΣÿﶫĴ򣬰ѼΨһֵǮӸǣȥˡ
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뵽Լһշؼʮ꣬Ĺ˲йٵĽ֪ÿĸȻļˣǸЦĸҲǸĺӡ
ǵõڷǰ˵Լĸ
ɵһ٣ĳЩ޷ǡ
ǸʱֻվһԹߵ˵Щû취ڵԼͬܣԵøƵᡣ
Ͱǰһ̣ʵûԼеôǿиˣһܳŵڡ
Ρӵڳ˸©ɳɳ
ûпޣҲû֣ûдΡΪʲôЩࡣ
߾ˣܶ뷨ƫ죬ٲǲµʮСܻλ˼Ҳܽıģ˵кôô
ΡĿûдϿʹƽͣǸովһ˽ս侲
ƺߣ̧һЦ๫ˡ
ǰûἰĸ¶
Ρףᣬ˾˯ɣһ㻹ҡ
⻰Щɿ飬̫ķ񣬿ڴʱ˿̣־ǡô
ϵı¡
ΡҴǣ֮û˯⣬ߣš
ǰװ̫ණȷˣ۾һϾͺ֪ΡʲôʱµģҲ֪һʲôʱȥĺԺ

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۾һŽߵİ
һ飬˯ȫɢգ˼۾ȷǻþŴǰСһ
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֪ϱ˲ͬҪ¶֪ˣûȰĸͳš
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ϸ£ΡƺѰ칫ؼȻҲͲСΪ³ܰ졣
ѵظԼ˵ôһ񲻺÷˼ҵӣֻͷӦϱԺעġ
ŽСָŵŶȥׯϡ

368ĵʱף2

֮ĸȥץȰСһĶƤιԲģȥϴǸޣŽһ졣
ĵطԶںɽϡ
ϲǼֻһֵëһֱڲƺϷζ¡
ӣЩԶ
һ˵һԱŲ
ƫŲ٣͸٣ȻСצӰڲݵϴ£һС˵ģ׽Ϊʲôģ
ӦʽʻȥУ
С
˵СһֿʼȰȣĵʱףײĵʱ˭
Ȼˡش۽ǣǸоûô˯ӡ
ʵܲСһǹζָһԵϪˮȥϴ֡
Сһоܲƣҽа壬ԹվߵСϪ߶£׾ϴϴСצӣˮĨ˰
Ųݵϵϳ񣬺ȻоͷһΪ̧꣬һƣСһվǰצϵˮȫŪȫǡ
ǹģͳĨˮգֱ
±СһһЦȾܡ
ûԶûȥԾԭأʱʱһ۶ڷ
Сһٻʱצ˸Ƿ޽ģͦô¶Ƶĵݸ
ûӣϵĶӣٳԴҲŸһģһĻʮָӡ
ùϣְСһϱ˵׼۸ȥë

֪ǲԼ鲻õԵɣܾýĽرˡ
ֵǣСһע⣬Լˮ֮ˮҶ׵СϪߣרżָ׸Ǵʯװȥĸɾˮһ͸ˣòֺ
ڿˮȵˮװȫСʯӣ
޿֮£һСһƨк
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СһһͱƲʴȥϴ衣
һɣ˯ӵʱСΡǱߵͷһ
һΡıʼдһС֣˼ֱף±ƻˣϳǰصӣСһܻˣֻͶˡ
ֽԺȻȻظֳʣһдֵĻ棬뵽Ӱľٶǲ

ΪΡ飬½ϱΪ̫ٵгȡ
̫õϢʱ⣬ȴû˶
˴´ǻʵһ˵⣬ʵԣܵġ
ʹˣϲ徲ʱֶܱһЩ
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ȹ̤ż̫ܲʣʵͻȻʲôҪ£
֮ԭͼƻҪĸµĴϣʱ˱߾ǵ£ֻίĸˣսƽٳմ˼ܽϷ⡣
̫ڰ֣ˣûǾˣҲڣʡ˲Ƶڸ⹬־ͳɡ
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ֻÿ춼̫ѾûʲôдʵͻȻΪ˸˵Щɣ
һ۱۷ЩⲻȥĸȷΪһ
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ĸǲһĻ
ͻȻôʣ̫ƣʵҪʲô
ʵΡģĸĻͷԸķ䣬ĸһϲֻܷѻ͸
̫Ƭ̣ĶУΨܸ
ǧѩǵΪʺʱ÷ҲǼױ
ڶ½Ϻүĺޣرֻ޹ܲھͲڣܶ඼ѹס
÷ҵЩʲôȵ۶̫
һָоܾ½ĽĳһǷ
۲ĸĹǣĸҲղǷ
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ɫɣĸǲϲֻ𣿡
¶⡣̫Ų룬Ữ˻Ĳһ
Ȼǲһ֪ңī˵޼֮Ϊ
˵뵽һˣĪǣĸ⻭
һֱϲЩΪģûѼ漣
̫û˵ԼҪѻ˭ô౦ʵ۴һΡΪηǵ
ʧЦĸ֪СӾúܣ˵˾Ҫǻɱģָա˵ˣһ֮ɳȥЦ
̫ۣмֲͬö˶˵ʲôģҲûһ¡
Ҳû뵽һϲֻĸͻȻҪһ
ܹô˵̫ʼûҪɿڵ˼һǾ仰ʲôɣΨһ¡
֪̫ƢԣûټҪ
̫תս£㰲ųûаܴӮⳡ̣
ع࣬½ֵµĴ󽫣ս⣬ֻҴϢʮ꣬ǷóɱеѪ˵
ĩˣпǰͷʮ꣬п½λսĴڣֶ񡭡
½۸ձû꣬пܱ㿪ʼ
̫۷ɨ׾ٿ۵뷨ʵۣɱ˵ôû½ұȨġ

Ϊɵ½۹ŲòѾ޵ķݸ¼Դ˳½۵ְȨ׼ܿա
ȻȨ͸½ƱȨ

369Ǹϵĵܵ½1

̫ͷ½ѾǶʮǰλսˣҲһܰű󡣡
һ㣬Ѿ뵽
˵ʮ꣬ƽٲ˲ϰλսʮ꣬ȴУı߶ûƷͻɢˣϲùӵϵ˼ھӪ
˵ѾΪ񣬼Լǻʵۣ׸磬ôҲ޷˷ͽǽӻ
̫˳ֶ˹ɵӣϵİ˸ιʳռҲǻи֮ˣսңʱίˡ
ףѾּ澡ؾ

Ρȥ۵ʱ򣬴ӶԷе֪ûҪ
۵̫ϲǷ˵Ҫ¡
Ρ֣Ȼ̫ϲ΢Ȼö
һΪƷֹ٣Ǿò̫ʣõ䲻𣬡ôŰɣһֻҪΧڣ޶㡣
Ρʿɶֹҡͷڷæ֮΢һССĺֹٶģ΢Ѿңʹ͡
ⷬڹǳľ֮ʱݸ̨סʵ۵Ȼµһ֮Ի䣬Ϊ촦ˣûϣΪӣмĵģΡǸ΢ĺֹ٣ô˻Ѿð̣Ļʲôͣ
Ρ֮õְֺɾڴˡ
ӹֱӲķУƽ֮ԣͻȻ˵ʵģʹ
Ρˣ˵ִܻ磬õҧг֮࣬᲻洦
£üչմãô޹衣
Ρ˿ڲ裬۲ųǽղ̸¡
Ρգ˼
ͷִܿΡʵޣǴĶ֪̫īģҪǷʲô
ҪǷʱΡѾ׼ʼԵòĻô΢ǰղ֮ˣ˼֪˭кѣ
Ρô˵ӦǷ˰ģûϸʡ
˽ʱǰô޹ȥ˲ȥʡϹĲƷΡȥ
Ρûӣֵ޹»ôͣ΢Ϊ̿֡
һԸˣЩǸģǸǡ֮ܶǶԸĲƷǺϲȥϹĶ࣬޵ķž˲ã˳һЩֻûȥŮá
Ρ̧ͷ۹ۣԷͷȲ裬ʲô
ȻѾǸŮˣΡپܾл¡֮ɴ޹ͳš

θ԰
ƲϴĽŷ糵ȥ
ͤߡ
ͤǸ̫ĺʢģɻã۶ذꡣ
͹Ю㣬һס
Ρظʱ֪ڻ԰¹ֱӹԶͼͤר־
ΡǳǳһЦ̧ǰ
ϸ΢ĽŲ֪˿̧ͷĿԡ
뵽ǰΪչԼͶӷѾ˼΢ů๫ôͻˣ
Ρ£𴽽ǣճɹ
þ£ûз񣬲ӱֲݸӲǸġ
ֲû·ӣҲøˡ
СҲǱˣΡʡ
˺һ㡢ôµҸ˭ģ
ЦǷ֮Ϭ
ĵȴ
ֲҪ͵ĬֻиһʱŻС
Ρµûڸ½·
ĸΪԷġޡһҲһʱȥ׽
ҪǸ˲ڣԼͦ˹ֶѾǸ꺢ӵĸףʱչˣѹʱ˰οٲΪ˿ڱԱٲΪʱûĸ̵߽ŵôޣٲΪĽ׶ҹ͵͵Ĩᡭ
ͻȻ֪ĸһңûʹֻ㷱վռϷ硣
ʮ֮ǰϰĸ
ʮ֮˴ĸչ˵ϸ
ĸԣƺôıҪ
ҲݡҪ̬ΪԽʵ
ȥ˼ָԼϵΡ˵Сһ᲻ϲѣ
ȣȳŽǸϵĵܵܡ
Լĸ׵ԭ񲻻װǨϣýȽĸһЩ
½ۣȷһɵܷ񿪵˿ڡ
Ρڲϣʲôʱлᣬˡ
С棬ôԶֻزݡ
ΡҸĸ˵ʱһˡ
עȻȻġĸϣ뵽֪飬ѾԼͬʱҪԼĸϡ
кȻпǧ
廨룬ֿ棬๫лл㡣
лʲô
л㣬ָһΡ
ѧʲôˣ
ʻԼǳߣֻǰδеƽȡ
Ҳ˵ѧʲô룬ûΪԽܶ󳳴ֻһ֮ܳȥҲ𣿡
ΪֺܹԣҲ侲
Цֻ˵泤ˡ
ķӦȷϵƽйܹ飬û˱̬õĽ
ҹһ磬Ρ£ûְ̫ɣ
Ǳ¡
뵽ϼݼݵܹͻԼСʯˮҵĻ棬̲סЦ
СһҲᣬ໽Уûû֣󻹸ƤЦһûûεɡ

370½Ϻү빬̫2

Ρģһӣ빬ҼԪ˵³
㣬ûˣʮ³а𣿡
ûҲһ¡Ρ˳ξ飬ٽܱܶ⡣
Ϊûо飬ŻڻԵʱֺᶥ©ƫأججعԣιβЩ
ʣμӿƾǲǾܳˣ
Ρµ˼ƺҪԪȢײſϰų
⺢ӻеİȻЩͬԪ๫ʮȢף˵ԪôҲùʮɣ̫С죬û취ԹҸʮ굽ʮ꣬мӿɲ̡
д⡣Ρ¶ͬԪʮ꣬ٸ¡
˵ʮԺˣ๫Ĺٽ׻һζԪѡķΧҲٹһЩϸǧ˼һŲԡ
ⷬΡĬ̬ȡ
ԹིŵڣŲԵĲûУɽֺõж٣
ϷﵹдͦΨʵУʵһЩá
۳ɫߣͷ󺹵ĶӣһڻصԺӡ
ݼϰŲУˣġ
Ρص͵ġ
򿪿ۣ󲿷ֶǶŮĲƷٴ¶ɻ
ѾΡûţ֪Ĵڡ
⻰ͻȻӦ๫ΪʲôÿζܵͣǧĶסŵĺլԭΪΡ˹ʹ͡
ģΪʵŮݡ

ûõΡȥһ½ҡ
ŷ˵ǻߵĴΡ˺һŷӦææﱨ
½ϺүõϢ½ƽۡ
½ƽ˰ΡȥӼ
ǰԺá
ΡǰŸսţ½ƽۺž͸ֵԭδˣ
Ρʱһ񣬡½ү
˵ͬʱΡٴ½ƽһۣԷò½мƣ֮ͬڣ½۵١½ƽƫڡš
֮½ƽ
μûĻģ½ƽ۱㿪żɽ˵δصҼҸġɣҸ¸ճȥŻúһܻδܵȣڸ϶裬Ҫ£ֻܰѻ˵ңʱת˼Ҳһġ
ΡĿ漰ʦ˽Ȼ͸¶΢ЦǡɵÿգȵҲ޷
ԣ½ƽ˸Ρ衣
˵ΡһЩţ¼ˣԼевͬ뺲־͵û׮󰸣δ˹Ȼſ
Ρ̬ǫүˣ֮ҲΰΪɷ漮õѡ
½ƽ۲ôΪܶʱҲʵһ֣δ˲ǫ
֮½ƽ۽һսϣô
ΡʵһĹ٣ڱ߾ս²˽⣬ֻ˵ս˴ƽҲڻ¡
½ƽ⻰ͻȻЦһǶܻڣ⸴ʲô£
Ρף½ƽġܡʮǰõŷɥս½ۡ
½ƽڲ½ϵǰἰս񡱣϶ֻô򵥣û׼Էʵ۽׳Ŀǰ½۵̬ȡ
˼ˣΡо½ƽ۴˼
ҲǣжͷԼ򵥵ģοǰλǳӡ
֪Է⣬Ρû壬ǧؽƹȥ
ʱ˵Ϻүظˡ
½ƽۿΡһۣ˵ȥϺү˵δ˴ϣֱӹ͡
˺ܿ½Ϻүǰ
½ƽػס
ΡҲվڳûֱӳʦغϺү
½Ϻү½ƽ£˵ԼҪµδġ
½ƽûжʣ˳ǰ
˶ˣ½ϺүſΡСӿֶûõ
Ӳڣһǰ£ָֻͯ
ΡϰΪ׵ԭҺͻ϶һ֣ͷǷֻǵӮ֪̫֮ͷϸãͽֻܾʹգصʦ˵
Ľȫ½Ϻү֮ڣҽϾʮ꣬һ˽ԸٰﲻϰڹֻȴҪһǧѩڵȥ󡣡
Ρʣʦ᲻ȥ
빬ûİ취½ϺүƮ̫˽ˣȵľһ죬ҲĴ𸴣Բ׽
ķ˼ʮŷһҲ֪ѣλãȫ鲻
ɼһֵ

Ρ뿪½Ϻүã¶빬
ϹۣϽֱʳǡ
ٰ̫཯ȫţһʱ̫ͨ½Ϻү
̫Էºʮ˫֣Ƥ£תͷȫ˵ʲô
ȫΪ̫û壬ظһ飬½Ϻү
׻ˡ
̫ЦȫԳ
ʮǰܸһһϦ֮÷ӡ
ƾһǻ֧ţܶŮ˳Ϊ֮ĸ£ȻݵȼʮûܵǾ͡
˭뵽ʮְܸһ
̫ܲͻȻԼɱҲЦ

һյĹ½Ϻүֱٰӹ
̫ûƽɫƫ䣬ûǴ½ϺүѾʮ겻빬ˣѵ𣬾ֱٰôҰ£
ʮǰʮ꣬Ҳһ꣬Ϊһҹ뾩׵ӣʹò빬Ϊȵ۵Ůˡ
½ϺүڰԼʼû̧ͷһۼʮʲôֱӵԼ⣬ϳһ󣬻̫ȫ
̫Ųյ߬ÿôֲ࣬նܼ˵ù
֪Է׸½Ϻү˵̫һĻ֪ϳɷһۣ
̫ǵЦԽԵĮ̣Ϻүѻ˵ϣǲϽ裬ǲʲ壿
½ϺүǺһĬ
̫֣ýȫȫ˳ȥ
źϣٶȿڵϵˣʮͷһ빬ǷûʲôҪ˵ģ
½Ϻүûӹͳһᣬϥǰ߸߾ݸ̫󣬡Ѿȥô꣬ϳĽδؿţȻ֪΢ΪͻȻ뾩
̫Žӹִ򿪣Ķֱ֮Ĭû˵

371ࣨ1

½Ϻүģȵּ
ȵյּ̣֮Ƭ̲õ
ĲǶΪл
ûõ֮ǰòġ
֪࣬Խòġ
ֻҪһҹ½Ҿͻף˳Ϊ½ϱȵƫƫּ뾩
ȵۻģȴ˶췭ظı仯
һ֮Ĵź֮࣬Ϊ
ͺĳǰ֣ȴƫƫһָľ룬ƴȫš
̫սᣬסһѻջٵĳ嶯ҲףķʲôҪȵ۷ǵһ뾩
빬̫½ϺүѾ̹׼
ûϳ뾩ǰһҹ콵󣬷ʿҳӭǰδеĴģս˴ս۹󣬴𡣡
̫ɫȻףôܡ
½Ϻү˵ȵΪտֻţ˵Ŀڣҹ뷽ʿֶԲߡ
ϳռֻΪɣѰҴ˵еġ

½Ϻүףλңֻ֪黭һĲȻȴ֪ʵ
һƻر
游ڹΪƹһصıսңľӱƾĻرܵпܡ
º󣬵жĥɱ¿Ϊ췴㰲˸壬ǵΨһҴߡ
գӴ϶˸ҡ
һоνϱͼǶ뻭У˺ʮġٴġǧѩﴺķ
ȵϳҵģķ
ڳĬ˻½Ϻү˵ȵΪʿԤ˷磬֪ȫķһһϦ֮£ҲϳھǶƬּ̣һ±ϳ̶
̫Ӧˣּȵ棬һϳ¶κй¶֣½ҽ֮
һ̫ϳն϶ϲ빬ҽּĿ
˵ţ½Ϻүͷڱĵذϣ¹ؽɽ𢣬ʱ˶ԹǷϳ
̫û˵žһս
˫֣ʣ룬մȾѪ
ȴûһϵĶء
صܲסָ壬ǲġ
ʮĺޣΪĸľ飬һԵ΢ƿЦ
ֵͷ㣬ɹõϿð̡
̫ܲ亹乣һֱ͸ĵס
½Ϻүŷ̬δ
̫˽һʱڻ̧۽ǣȥȻĸ֮羡ԣˣѰҵϻȡ
ŵĽȫȥ̫ڷ齵ܸƳϻȡСسʵ̫ǰ
̫ûнӣָָڵϵˣϺүɣ
½Ϻүӹϻٴߵףϳл
̫򴽿Ϻү踺ʮ꣬лó԰֮ڡ
̫ˡ½Ϻүһǻأϳȵ̧һսΪսػɽ𢱾ϳʹϳϧ
̫ãȫϺү
ߺ̫һ˲˲½Ϻүλó
ʮıȡ֣ǻԹͻȻɢƺ֮ʧȥ֧ŵ㣬վ;ǰһڣӲȣֱֱȥ
ٰʱ̫ľ
̫
̫

ʮٻδʼ̫ܲԲڴ
̽
Ų϶̶̼ͷݿµĸʹļףɨһԵ̫ҽ̫󵽵ˣ
̫ҽΪѣ֧֧˵Ȼ
۴ŭҪȥӣͱ̫ס
ʵۡ
̫΢ȫյУȴһƽ͡
ĸ󣬶ڡŲȥǲʲôҪ˵
ҵӹǣԼ̫촽⶯ͲΪ̫ҽˡ
ĸ󻨼֮꣬أӹҽûκȥԺ
̫ûãʵۣҰѻ˵ꡣ
ǽԵƣùüͷڳһƬĸ󡭡
Ҵ˷һǲ֮ȵžۣΨ༸׮ԸδˣߺһҪ氧ɡ
˵СϸҪ󡢳̵ǿĸͻȻ;ƿݣһʱ֮ܡ
һŶԾ˵ĺ޳ŵʮ꣬˺ܶ£Ů׵ҶԲסԲס壬ҲԲסǸδҼŮ۷ʲô£ƴƴŮ
֪
̫ͻȻץס۵ĸ첲䰲ң½ϺүΪҹϹŻѪ൨ģԻһȹŰҶˣҹϮ档
۴󾪣ĸΪͻȻҪ½ң
ոջΪĸ֮Ҳƣһ쿴ǰ£룬᳹׷¶Ǹ˵ĳޡ
ʣŰҵȥ̫΢۵ỨӿֻҪúüţѣ½һָͦʢһգʵ۲ٹ˼ķս³Ŷ꣬ҲΪѰˣΪ󣬵ʱذٻá
ȵۼݱ֮ǰ۶˺˵ԣû뵽Щ̫˵
ʱڣ޷ʴӦĸֻǾ˵ŰĻѾ˿ӱȥݣ뷼һˣʲôҪģĸ˵˵
̫ץŶӸ첲ɡ
ʧֵĸģ߾˽ҽκá
̫ľ㶵ſڷ
ǲˣȻĴ޽˭ԼѾûͷ
ִӵĸ󣬲ΣһҪȵ
̫ۣ˶죬ȴ϶ӵĻֻñ۾
ۼ״ŵɫȫ䣬æȥ̽Ϣȷ˻ţŴɿԸȫȥԺ

372뾩2

ԺԺ׸Žȫٰȸۼ
齹ض񣬸Ͻĸ̫
ѾŮ£ֻ¶һֻݵԺ׽Ӹ̫ϣֿʼϡ
ʱ֣˳ȡ
´ŵ̫ЪϢԺ׹Թ۵Ͻһ˵
۸ߵ
Ժ׹ʵػϣ̫˥ݽߣǴ޽ףҩʯҽ
в²⣬˿Ժ׿˵ۻüһ̫ǰնúõģΪʲôͻȻ
ƾԺҲԭ򣬡Ҫٰ˴һʣ̫ЩǷܹ̼ߣʲô£
Ժߺ󣬹۰Ѵ½޹ٰȫץһһʡ
޹˰ʱϣٰǵ˵ǻһ£ǰ½Ϻү빬̫ڼʱ˶ǲɢȥû֪̫½Ϻү˵Щʲô
½ᣡ
ŭҧгݵغ½Ϻү֣ɫѿޣ
޹鲻ãûҶԣܿԵ½һˡ
Ѿõķ½ϺүԼ鷿ͷоصıͼףȻ˵޹ʵۿ͡
½Ϻү£Сؽķ߳ȥ
޹վǰ⣬½ϺүòˣϺүūһ˰ɣ
½Ϻү⣬ΪͻȻң
޹ĸ˵鲻ãūֻǸģԴȾġ
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ƺİСһ˺þöûʲô˼Բˣӹ׵ֽ糵ٴνС첲⣬糵ɿתţСֿ˻

ĸŲԼؾģĶӸ˵Ըҹ̣ʱһ롣
뾩죬صذ˴޹ǰӭӡ
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373̫ް1

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˵ЩǮطҲȴ˶ġ
ʱûô࣬ЩҲǸԸٽͦĶʮ꣬ƽƽžۡ
۵𣬡ԭƾǷһ½ֹģȥţôϾ͸޷ˣ
ҡͷ£ֳٷģǷȻ¶Ҫ壬ûٻͦõģҺĿǰ
ȰԴͷ

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ǣΡǰغĸ
ֽĿת򷼻ԵСһ
Сһðֿɰһ˫۾Բ
ΡʱҲڿΡ
߶ϣСһգ£ûбŵǸģʮֹɡ
ΡԺӶͦԣ¿׵Сӣͣ񣿡
Сһﲻ֪ԷΪʲô֪Լ֣ʶƫͷȥ
½ۺЦŶӣ˵ǽ򡣡
򡫡СһŴŴغ
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Сһȥ
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Сһ˰죬ֻԴǻ߳һš
Ρ벻漸죿
Сһò⣬²һشˡ
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ΡӣֱԵѣԸ¥ţ޷ĸԷȥϰɣǱл͵κ
ǰѼ˰׵½⣬Һĸʱʱ䣬ôŶС

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ǰΡֻ˵̫ްţеҪû½һҡ
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ϷŸװ½ѣʱָ΢΢߬档
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Ρ˵ؽţ͵Ѱļˡ
˺һͻȻʣ๫˵ҸòʸԵɣ
ӣζõ𰸡
ʼҹСطһʱѣ⡣
ôһĴʲô
֪Լ걻ϣ

½Ҿ뾵һЩΡһ³ʱ½͵ˣںߴ硣
ױŰȥһۿͤԼյŮˣһʱסŲǰС
ҪŮصػϵТТڣúؾһӣ̫ã³ǰпι֬ۻǸǲסüۼ㲡
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ץץԴѽԼҪһԼС޽о˾ˡ
ᣬ󣬻Ǻܵܡ
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ЦСһҪƨɵġ
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ԷޣͻȻ֪ôƺˣһֱûڡ
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šһû
ԼԵʯʣվˣɡ
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ת΢紵ĺ棬ѾѧˣûȥĹݡ
Щ죬Ϊʲôѧ
ĹݵĻѵãһ;˳Ҳܽȥ
ؼҴӡ˵뾡ܵԼΪĸκ񡣡
⻰˵ģ÷֪νӡ
˵ԼǸСûģ˭ܶණụ̂Ըͷ
Խ
ת󱳿ϣ۷ɨ򷼻Щ˸ϲ˸Сӡ
Щ㲻˵ĸŮģβĲԾƺӸղż浽ڣһֱûԼ
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˶촽ʣһŮ

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Ȼ⻰еı鶼񱻶סûӦ
񲢲ӱĸ𺳵
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޷ǰԼյĸ޹ؽҪˣҲϣԷҪԼӱԼ
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࣬ԶлҪ۸ӣɤ﷢ֻһ˲˲ĸ
еҸ£˫֣һӶ㲻ŲʣǷһӷֲ࣬һֱ¹ƽԼշص˵Լѹʵĸ
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ûͼӴ׽Լװñ޹ҲûıЩļס
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Ǹ۵Ĺ߲Ժһһȥ룬һһȥӦ
ԼôĵȻֻΪĵߣԭǸ׵
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ĸ⣬Ǳȣ޸ǱƲѣҲǡԭ
ƺһжӦ
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391Ԥ֪ͬй¶9

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392λСֶŮ10

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393ϴѾ11

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394ͬ˽ȥ12

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395һصϹӵĸо13

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ĵóںܰظоָഥĵطůʡ


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˲磬Ųһ£;żɽο͡
Ρ˵ͻ٣ɽһ·ûŶˡ
վڴ⣬̧Ŀׯµġ¡֣˿
ΡͶ׼û
ͷǰ߼־òףٴ˻
ΡվԭأûȡЦ˼ֻ˵Ǿ£ǾϢ
ѹͷĲʣ۾ȻΡˣȥɡ
ΡЦĺˣ
˵һʣϽ߰ɣһ治ˡ
Ρԣɡ֣ס󣬡۾
˵⣬ûܹ˳ؽֵݹȥ˫Ŀ΢ϣ۾һƬڣҲ
Ƭ֮˵ɤ̧ǰߡ
˳ָӣտʼЩĪĺ£߼֮ԥȫĵطɣȫȫԼ
ԺͻȻĳһ뷨ΪϹӣԸֽ˭֤Ǹ˱ȫΡ
๫ȫε̬ȡ
Ρָ·ָʮϸ£иСˮݣеиСʯӣͨĵɹܿ
ڼ·ΪϹ׷ͶͬĿ⡣
ͬʱһֳɡһǣϹǰе黭̲סĳ
ΪԼһصϹӵĸоס۵ĳ嶯ǻڳľζɽԼԶȪ
𴽽ǣΡôһֻô
Ρ˵Ҫú棬ۿ
ҪЦڼƴʦ֮ǰҾҪһϹӡ
һ٣ԣδˣϹһ㣬һ㣬ΪһϹӣֻ㡣
СͷĻΡЦǣٶԾɲ䡣
˵˾⣬ΡСɳɨ˾䣬Сʦܼƴʦ
Сɳҡҡͷúܲɣʦڱչء
ϴҢ˵ƴʦڱչأôãȻڱչأ
Сɳֵ̬ЩܣΡֱȥɮסԺҢƴʦµӣʦ򡣡
Ρٳɡ
תѾͣ£ɡ˦ȥˮգٴ
˶Էλã̵سǱߡ
ҢӺɽԶǰиͦε˲һŮӣŮƺÿһҪѣߵüΪСġ
ˣҢطӦΡޡ
üĺݺһ£Ңǰ񡭡ӷŮʩǰЩӸ£ٴγ֣ʲôҪ𣿡
˵ʱĿһֱעպϵ˫ۣ뵽пҲֻû¹ιƵۡ
Ҫҵˣαװۡ
Ңϸ־֮ɫ㡭
𴽽ǣ˵۾Щ˵˹ۣҼ๫һ·
̼̫ȥҲ죬ҢһĻͣһʱ
˵ҽԼƴʦ֪ڲУ
ڡҢʵش𣬡ʦճء
ǾͷͿСʦǷ޴·ˡ
ҢףԶ˵롣
ѰǼƴʦģλʶȻѡ

һӺҢ˵ƴʦԺ
վ£ǰŵΡ΢΢ǡ
ҢڽţԵƴʦ¸أӺƣŮʩغ¡
¹ءй¶Ǵôܲ£ͷ²Ҷʮָŵؽţ·ھĳ
ҢĲЩ΢
Ρ˼£žʹˡ
ǰŵǸŻɫɮ۵СУ״ӷһΡʩ˭
Ρ˵ƴʦ
Слͷͷʦʩ
ھĬһ˲һѻϵɤȻλʩ
ƴʦ˵Ļ΢Լһֱûƴʦûô֪λ
룬ΡѾߵǰ񣬽ȥɡ
ɿ۵ʮָΡһߡ
żʱΡ˵£һһֱڡ
ԣ̧Ŀһôʦʲôë㻹᲻Ҫң

396ʦסϿν飨14

СͻͷΡúЦ
״Ц˵Ҫе࣬˵ҪǴˣ㻹᲻Ҫң
ΡȥǵǳЦ˼֣أһǴˡ
ܴΡһ仰ñɽ˺Ļ°ͣ˵ģڣ
ţ˵ġ
ӣ̧ߡ
ƴʦϯضģü뻨ס
ƴʦۣĿϡ
ûӣ𴦣ֱֻ˶䣬´ʦ˵κһ仰
ƴʦܿջĿ⣬ָָһԵţλʩ
վվסˣĻ˳ǣܵûϵվžͺá
ԣƴʦҲǿ֪λʩģ
Ρ
Ρ˵ͷʾ
˸۾Žż⣬ʦҴСŸ˲һı£ܿĲõ£㲻й¶
ҧҧǣֲ䣬᲻Ǵ
ƴʦûŻشתΡŮʩԤ֪ʩأ
ΡڣƴʦŵʩǷС²˳ù˲
ΡĬϡ
˳ԣӲ
ΡǸ⣬Ҳܸ
ʱյٵȫǷġ
Ҫһֱضɩĳŵٲ̤㿼벽
°뱲ӣǿ˽Ӹĺɡ
ƴʦһ£Ȼף޹ƽ⡣
Щ˯š
۽ǣΡȻø档
񲻸Թƴʦһ˽飬ĬĬϣװӡ
ÿΣƴʦһʱ
ò˵˯
ѾŬԼˣȻ῿Ρ˯š
񡣡
ϴ˵ĺ
͵ؾѣԼƴʦڣʦѾɮ붨ԱߵΡۺЦû˯ѣ
뵽ԼȻڴʦǰ˯ţһȡ
ԺΡʦ˵Щ㶼ˣ
Ρףˡ
ô죬׽ʲôƣԼ᲻Ǵģ˭ʦס͸ϿΡ
֪ǸѧںĹǻĿҪĥþòŪס
˼ѧᣬʦһͽϵģ˵ֱ̫尾ˡ
Ρ˵ˣķ޹ڼ׵ͣҷɷǣɷִмǣǼǣдɷǣϷƽ֮
񣺡ҡġ
ΡʧЦʲô
صĴ¶ܲż𣿡ֱǰצӣٸҹĨǣ㣡
Ρһץ֣Ϊס˹پ㣬ֱ£ֻϹã˾ͲУʦ˼ֻҪ㲻ֻ
ģЩţԼôõܣȻ׾پƴʦˣ
Ȼġ

صң񱻸֪ϱ˸ϡ
ɻؿƲʣʲô
Ʋҡͷū澲֪̫̫ͦġ
ã֪ˡ
УȹЩ⣬طһףȥٰá
һžͼϱߣӵ˵ʲô
񣬶ϱվá
ɩôÿչˣⲻæ
ǣҡм˵ϱɫЩ
£ʲô£ɩֱ˵ɡ
ҽ죬Ѿˡ
ţϱ˵꣬صؼһ䣬ģûпʮ»̥ŮҲϴġ
ûнǻһʱȥӣŷӦ󣬲ӦԼ֮ǰϱѾ˵һˡ
üļɲһ£ԭΡ˵ˣѾҲᣬ뵽취˵
˭룬ϱϡ
ȥʣɩĿģ
ûԼϱؼǺͬϣεʱûɶˣҴŶ౦ȥͿһģиʮСӡ
ʣʲô
ϱϸһ£˵̫Ҳͨ˼ҵ
Ѿʲô·
Һɫȹӡ
أ
⡭Ҳûӣϲ
Ŀɫƽʵ˵ɩǸпѾ𣿡
ϱţҲ֪ܻƣҵ⣬ܲܿ۰ɣ
֮治УȫûѪԵϵȴ˲һͲڣɩֶԷòѾһôֻǴɶѡ
ϱٿڵĻᣬŵɩ˵Էĳ˼ҵС㣬ۼѾʲô㲻ô
˵꣬һͣҸ˵ɶţǰΣƫ˵ŮŮǸӣܸǧСȣ
ϱ֪˵ţû
뵽ȥѾΣֻΪѾʧ٣ɩǶ⣬Ҳܼ˾˵ŮɩҪҹе⣬ҾͲˣʱǹ͵ɣҰֲؼҡ
£ٰõѾϼͶ̫̫ȥ
ϱʱ򣬻Щĵؿһۡ
ֱѾ㻹Ůһ̫ˡ
ڴûԼϱֻȻ˵뿪
ߺ˵ɩѾͦġ
Ӳãģǹ˼ӣйԼµĴ¶ˣҪǳ϶û¶ٵǼ꣬Լ˲Ůɶ
ЦҲô˵ɣɩԱٲƣѾŮʳأڡ
Ͷһ㻹ᡱ񣬶󷭹һ磬ȥµ£ͷյʱǲȥƫҪ죬ǳܡ
˵ˣ٣̫ӵ
˽ԼҶӣǸСӰ󶼰ȥˣȴҪȥԲȥƽô򵥡
ɶȥˣ
û񿪿ڣ˵úŪһ׺ŪңҲ
ĵŲȥı﹫Ұ참ǿϧˡ
Ǿʵʵ˵֮ǰһλȥ˷£ڴǩʱûɵؾòȻʶԼ¿ҵʱﺦ£˵ˣҵԼΪй¶̫ڷǰ飬֪ԺŴҪȥƴʦġ

397ֻòƵ˶ѣ15

һֱ֪£ϱ˵ֺֽ棬λƴʦ˵ɶˣ
ӸΡһţ˵ƴʦԼҶܵ˵¸صĴʦԵ㲦ð̡
ʵʦ˼ҵԤ֪ȷΥֻҪҲ񣬾ͲֻǴһ˵˵๫Ǽмǳ֡
Ӵʦô˵
һƭ𣿡ɸһȥģҪţʣ
ǵá뵽Ǿ䡮мǳ֡¼ѹֵǸϼһ˵춨Ե޽ѺԱˡ
ռμҵʱ߶˵Ǻϰϱһֱûϸʣ̲סڣҺɳ֮ǰ׶Щʲôѽ
һ̫Żɶ˸Ǻ˸֡
Ȼ򣬡ѹ˵޵ô˳أ
ǿɲҲ飬Ҫãǰͬһ˵˵ϱţ浱ϡ㣿
յǰϡҪϡˡ
ӺߺߣҶӵļˣܲϡҪܲסһ߸߹أ

ź٩аʱصԼԺӡ
Ρϱ
ɵøпȦӿСҵɽſѾ˴󾢶ŪǸСݣɩȥϣȻҲˡ
㣬æ
ţ˵б۶ģ˳ɼľǿλ
Ρʣô˵ģ
ҵȻ֪Ѿ˵òƵ˲֣ԷǧС㣬ۼѾʧٵģⶼĸģѹʹϱߡ
ΡҲû뵽ôͷĴڣô˵Ҫš

صͬԺϱֲлȥ·Щ
ʱζɼ˪ʣզˣ
ϱ֮ǰһ㣬ҴҰѶͻؼҾ͹ֱȥθûü˵һʻ̧ͷ
ɣ˵ҼѾˣŲţ
ģɶأζ˵꣬Ϻõϡ
Ŀˡϱ͸
Ѿ˲ʮ飬ԼпŮ֣ǻþῴ
һ۵ĸоôǿҡ
Ϊʲôûţ
أ
ζɷܵӦһ䡣
ϣΪ˿ʼԼϱ˵úϸҵʱ뺰ţּԱ߻бˣ͡סˡ
ҿħˡζһˮѾϼûģ˵ھǿѲԼɹ
ʲôأݺò˵
ζҲܻ䣬ѾȰȰջ˵ڴϼѾⲻǺ
˸£濴Ѿ
ˡϱ鷳꣬˵Ҳš
Ű˵
Ѿ˿վԼͷϱԼ
š毽̸ϣ濴ΪҲˡ
ԣζɰϺĶһ٣Ŀ⿴ôţǺһħ
ϱüŮ˵ˣͲ˰ѻ˵ꣿѾģ˵˵ļѾɶʱŵģ
ǰ졣ʵ˵һ顣
ҽȥңզû˵ʵ
ȱ𼤶Ұѻ˵ꡣһһʮصϽ֣;ɰСë˳ˣ׷ϵ;ײľ峵ϣ·룬סһȥ·
ʶˣʱ򣬶ԷƿӣȻҾͿԱߵС
һʼҲΪѾΪʵ̫ˣǹϸƤģˮ飬ۼѾܸ˱˵ѾͷǿС㣬㡣
ܽᣬûǵȷô˳ѾҪˣһʱȥ˾ͲţۼѾǸСãλǲС㣬أ
⻰ϱаζӳ¡
òվԼߣԼļŹŮȴôһ
Լ©ʲô̽ʣȥˣ˵ʲô
ϱӦ˵²ûгƵˣұϡ
ǲˡ˵룬ʲôŲģвˣԷҪѾ岻᲻ȥġ
ˣϱòʵ˱˵ˣỹ𣿡

֮Ȼ£ķţһֽ궬ҪǰĴ
µһսӽβݱϴĴã
ոһӡ
ϵ˼˵зҪ̸УԸԶʮǳػȡ֮ڵĺƽս
ںܶǰ͸ӽ֣ս½۵սַİ
ԭڽڰˣѾʧǳأ˭ϾȻڶ̶̰֮ڴսзΪʧصĳǳأ۳ϾҪ߾ݡ
Ǳ߲ò߾迪ʼоս
ȻĳЩϸ֮½۵ֱʣ󽫾һʱ䴫Żػʳʾ
û뵽½ۻܲսԷڣ֮Ҫ̸С
Ī׷Ǳ˶׵ĵ
½ۡ⸴˵ҲͳһÿԿǶԷ飬˳ǳأҷҪ⳥Լ֮以ͨг
˭ûϵȥ֮ǵȻĲǹ۵ĵͷһ
ֱǵǲ߾פԮʤ׷ĿˣҲҪһĳǳء
⸴кðûܷӦ
ô治⡣
½û˵
⸴ҪôҲ߰ʮӣȲ˵Ǹոս˳ＸµսûǾоټӲûʱ䣿Ǹ⣬ҪǣִģսҪΪļƻ
ʲôûУƾƤһô˼һ

398ҶĴ٣16

⸴˵꣬ƫͷ½ۣô
½ҲͬóȻдӻؾȰɹۡ
۵̬Ⱥܼᶨɡ
ԭ򡪡
ǰ̫ްţɥ
һ£սݱԷͣսҪȶʮչɥٽŶս
ûС
ɥڼԾôôô
ƾһ˹۵ĵߡ
ƫִǹɾһͷ˵棬ٹٶû취
ٴյ۴̾ϻǼ̸ֲУǼ
½۵Ȼҡ˻ϵľģǾ׼ȥ

ΪԹΪ˳һʱ֮죬۵Ҳһ
ǵİնΪһսʤ衣
ʱ˿û뵽Ϊ۵һĻֻֻ


յţ˵ʱ޷ʦسҪ̡
ʧɫ
֦״ȻүţôƲֵģ
ֻزˡ촽֮ǰ˵˺ܿܰʦسģʱ˾ü̡
˵̲סԹֹĥ¿˻иϢʱأĽҲˣҲҪԺôͲϢˣ
֦ŵСףϽŴʵˣС̣ǲҪ˵Щ治Ļˣĸǽж
ʶԼʧԣ죬Թȴֻ಻١
ͷһγܴӮⳡ̲һƾľʵп
ΪʵܸĻᣬ˭룬սҸձƽҪŴ̡
ﲻʹ죬֦Ȱ˵˫ӵˣɲٺ˼ˣϸ̥
ԣС
뵽ڶӵĴڣ̾

³Ԫʰ׼μӽԡ
ǰһķı
Ķûвõġ
ԪܳһЦǺ˵šôʹáһٴӹԼ
˵˭⣬㰴ƽĿˡ
£뵽ʲôһ䣬Ҿã¼̬ǲࡣ
Ԫÿɷ
ǰԿԻССؽһ£Դ빬ϰñȼ˯ñȹϰͶ̥ĽٶԼÿʮվһεĸѶȿԣӱѹľݲУԼܰȻػѾǸ漣ȥԶѣܲѹ鷿Ŀиĵġ
ýᣬԪȻЩ᲻Լ˯һĴһһۣſվŵ£Ŵܲ͸ң
㲻ˣʡ
Ȼûǲҳȥ𣿡
Ŷ˵ʮŴġ
Ҫǰһ죬ûǰɣ
˵ǰֻȢףǼ׼Ļ鴲һȹŲ
ԪͻȻЩɣʮȢǲڱĻ
ƵĽ˦ϣԪ󲽿ż˹վˣ˻ŻԭƶӣҶҪˣͲң
㲻ϵ·
ϵãڹɵˡ
ѵõûܣһֻۣ߳
ûˣ˲ţԵʮֿյ
֪˲˵ԪֻȿڣҪǲǾͶ˵µ
ҶĴ١
ûȥˡ
ƳԪķӦ˵ʮ꣬úʮ꣬һǲġ
ͱϰˣԪҲգҪ˰񣬵¾ͰҴù߳ɣҸ
鵭˰˵ƽʱùӽѧϰˣȥʲô

ԪǰΡǱߴţ֪
ú׼Щ÷òˡ
ùǿнʳ͸ֹɵԪһصңǸմηųһʱʷû
֪ڹ࣬æϼȥߣȻ˵ǻģ׼ڼҴã
Ԫ룬˵һҡ
һˣһ£ǧѷꡣ
ԪҲͦˣ˵һҪ˯Ȼѣ;˭׼ȥš
ѵûʲôúúãӣ˵ʲôҶ㡣
һԣЦؼһµˣһºٻعӦ
Ӳ⻰ѵûһˣ˸զˣսžˮô𣿡
ԪҲ˵Ҷһ˯ˣкãҺúΰɡ
ʱ˯ȥӣ־ۣɣܵó˷˯ɣ
š
ûϼ֪ͨԿˡ
Ԫǰš
˰ѷ룬ȲǴкӾͿ
ӣȲæųԣ˲ԵĲˣЩû
Ԫĳ̲࣬סʣǶ˶ã
ˣˡԪ¿зˣһΣ빬ǻÿٵʳǽһʢʲôʲôŴѧ䣬ҵĳʳ淶޷ȻÿٳԵĺȵģ͸һģһһⶼûУԵҲûС˵˵ŵķˣܲˮ𣿡
ϵһֱûԣһ䣬ѵû˼ңǲܺóԺúȣҪƣȻȥ˵ˡ
ԪƫͷڴڳԺĽ
ֵ۶Сۡ
ȥԹ˹
ԪûÿӵֻСԴһ̾ǽС̹Ծͳԣ˯˯˭ܲš
գգۣԼȥҨһݵԪߣԡ
Ԫ̿ˮ뵽λħĿƣˣһǡ
ܺóԵġ˵
Ԫʣ°仰꣬һȳ˵ɡ


399²˽Ů˵ֶΣ17

зԪط˯
ԷǻͦˣɵԼȴȥû˯š
ԪƵץץԴƳԼµļӴͻȻ׹Լʧߵԭ򡪡ϴ
һ࣬ѾϰùԼܶůĴͻȻطŴ˯ЩӦ
żӴϣԪ¶ģһҪ취ŴŪֲУԼʧߵĻࡣ
ѵû˷ܵò˯ȥ档
ס׼ȥԪСһͿʼãɤԼԺС
Թզˡ
б˶һۣ˵û¶еġ
Сһץ̸״˵ԼȥҸ磬ײȥ
ҵ¶һѽ̴ȥ
񣺡
һӺ󣬽Ԫ
Ԫ˻èè
СһˣԪϲ
ԪǺñӣԴȸʮͰŴ󴲴ʱô˯ô˯
Сһʵ̫ˣԺֻܵػ˸ޡ

ù
ŷѾþãһֱͷܱʼ飬ûҪ˼
վһԣ̲סȰ£ˡ
ȥɣûθڡ
δ̧ͷ
΢˷ѳʳģԿÿٵʳ϶ɨ⣬ԭⲻͻȥģټ
Ҳ뵽Щ˱ͻȥᱻˮͰʵĶ˶٣ָĿڣˣ£Ǽʳˡ
ﲻⵣǣ²𣿡
ţûθڡ
һ²˷Ƣֻ̬Ծġ
ȰסֻҸʳŶװͷȥСŮǷʳ
һĹΣ磬״£Ҫū澰ĦĦ
ˡ鱾վ£Ҫȥ̸
ĸ̸λ滹סһһ
һԺź´ãȥ̸
֪ӹлϲȵǰ
ôÿչ
ĸˣ͹
𣿡ֲŪϵĴ飬ԹԴλ˹Ĵȼϻ١
ƺʶ⣬Ƕˣ󶨻ĸ밲
ǵء¶ӣ֪æһĸôؾˡ
ûټ֣ҲԼ塣
ĸ˻Ȼ뵽ϹŮĻǲǻȥˣ
šף꣬׼³Ҫǰؼұ
ѹϱ˵ôãҲ鷿ѧˣԲɣ
Ԫ˵ԪĻ΢΢
ǵҲǡЦ㸸ԸˣȻ
ճʵѧҵѧҵʵڰصǸĸȥҹˣ
һ仰ĸʲô
ĸû˼Щظˡ
˵̫ҽ˵ˣʮ꣬Ӳ죬˹з
ʮȷǲзΪĸβԼҶӵ˼ֻҽѰˡ
ĻȻʣǲǵĹ
ʣĸΪͻȻ
˼ǣҪǵĹزҴţԸ߱ҪۣԻȥ㸸
ش𣬡ĿǰһѧĶŮ˽顣
˵⻰ʱ򣬱ûһ˿仯Ӳδѡ
˵ҵж͸áաģδؾͲô˵ġ
ĸ˵ŻͻȻŮЦ
Ȼδ
һԵĹʣ˭棿
ܿȥһۣعɵλֶŮСŮͷӡ
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ԸǶСЩ𳳵徲
ԵĲá
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˵꣬ͷҲسߡ
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ӵ˱ͦ
ˣѦûٿܿջĿ⡣
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˵꣬ǰЦ£߶롣
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˵һԺãǧҪģǹ壬ʲôŮ˶ܽġ
ƫͷһۣʲôû˵̸űǬ幬ȥ
ԷѦλС𻹹ԭء
ѦָһսԼָɣֻŬ򶨡
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400±18

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401²19

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̫ҽѾҲ˷ӣεʱյȥ٣ȴǻԲѡ
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402ԪԣߵнԪ20

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ŭĺжأ벻Ҷ˵ԼѾᵽˣмǲ³ç˼УԼ·ǻӵȷ֮𣿡
̫ͬĸЩֻΪ˱ִ˵ͷװӦ
ο̬ϵķܣȴ᲻ִֻ֣Դѽһ۶㸸ʱһ
ͷһô˵ؿĸҸʲǸã
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Ŷһ޿Ρûǿȥ鸴ϰֻѾʮ꣬ܶ²ô˶٣ԼС
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403ϱÿû״Ԫ21

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404ϲʲôĹ22

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С쵰һһ׵ġ

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407ۣ25

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408ΪӵŮˣ26

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409Ȣؼҵţ27

Ѧڹ˰µˣµ߶ʱ˽˻ȥ
ѦߵʱԪվڹǱϿš
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Ǳһµʱ佫Ӽϣʼ
սȻʤȴΪ˽飬ټ붬ӣʿӦԶˣ֧أԼҲδ˼ҪͻʱѾԲѣҽͣȡ


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ԣβãһʲôˡ
֦ͳӣһһ˵ζǷģǧ˼룬򶼶ˣڼ䲻񣬷׶̥
һ뵽еĳ޷侲򶨣ͷĸԽԽ࣬һƿ֦֣Լƿ˴
֦״æȥѶȡϣֳȰٵүҲñԸ岻ǣū澿ۡ
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Žȥ԰ѩСѺͻͷЬãȥ˶
²ϲ֮Գӭӡ
³վУֲʲôϡˣôʲôø˳Ӳˣ˫ӵˣһ´򻬳⣬ҿɵǸΡ
Թǲ֪Щôġ
˭ûƵġ˵ھǣ˻ܳȥɢɢģһŽʱźͺ˲۵ضţҲãҲãüһЩƻˡ
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Ӧ뵽Լʵͷβֻһ죬ͷš
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ͷй£Ҳ֪޷ǾǺŰŮһףҺ˰̣עתƵϡ
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410ģ28

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411ˣ1

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412Ӷӣ2

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413ǳ3

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414ǳ𣬻٣4

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ȵ۸һרİˣͷóⷽĴʦȻǶķġ
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415ּ٣1

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416Ǿ͵ָ˵2

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418Ϊ߲嵶2

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ͶˣůһȲؾӾͿԡ
һƬУֱۣܵζ
ʱʱ¶ɻ󣺡㿴ʲôأ
ָָׯǰͣµϵó˭𣿡
´һۣô࣬ôϵóԣôе죿
˵꣬ׯ߳ˣһǿˣλʮ꣬ǵſ˵ĸ첲˵ʲôŮϷߵĺΡ
һϳλԤﱻײԴĹǿĳλС㡣
죬˱ˣ²ͣӣʾ񣬡Ͻȥ׷һˡ
˵վӺɰͳӸϣҲȵСҲͳš
żʱŤͷһۣ˵ﻹǮ
ˣ˭һ
ȫû¶ϣ۶ǶĿˡ

û뵽ֶˣηϣɽǴΣѾżΡ
ɺ϶ˣ˲붼ѡ
֪Լ˿һŮǶԷ׵ǰ£˴ǰеĺøеȻ޴棬ĿǴ;衣
ٿԷϲԼϻЦţղڶůλٴɼˣصȥһۣ֪˵òÿգ
ůǾ˵Ӱƺ棬ûʲôߵ͹֣֮ԼҲϲԣֻղɡ
ҡҡͷܵˣһôŮȥƥÿĲϣȥ԰ɣȸ˿գλΣ
ĿⲻתԱߵĹ
λﲻˣǰøմӹѦ
ҦѦĸ׽㡣
Ѧǰһ⣬д硢Ѧ׵ģ羡ΪѦף˵İѻĻ½ңһ˿뻶ĸ˳棬úðɫһ£ѡˡ
ҦϴѦѣΪľǼ࿴硣
Ҧ˵껰Ůܵλշˣұߵηˡ
Ѧθ˼
òصͷЦЦ
ӴĻ¶·ݴûôõĻᣬһᣬֱӿҦϣ˵˸λСŮǴɽҲˣǹﳤúηʧٿһֶŮȥ𣿡
񲻷»ֱʳڣ˵ȥĻѾ޷ջأʶȥҦϵķӦ
ԷԾһƽ͵ģЦŵη˶ʧֶŮ⣬λŮ֮ǰˣʶηˡܣֻǳɣ
˵һǹʲôǰ£ȴһץס󣬼ɼسҡҡͷ
ֻǿЦЦ˵öԣֻǳܲǼη˻ӣΪ¶Բ˯ã͵֮ˣο壬֪ϲϸ᣿
ûŴӦֻȵؿ񣬡ηϲˣ
¶
ǿǴϲ¶㡣
л
¼Է̬ȣͷգ߬סǵֻյýġ
һֱû˵Ѧн˵ĸȥɣСǶܲˡ
ԭû˻ظŮһ仰Ūﻢ£˳ǣҪȥĻ»õϺþãλŮҪˣѣǵӻû롣
ûϵǶܵȡ
ĸҿվ˰ɣѦԵպЩˣȴǻȥȸ˿գ
ѻûأ˲ͬ⣬࿴üޣٲץѣĻϵó
ǾաѦ۵ı飬ûٹˡ
Ȱֻõͷȥ
áѦûͬ⣬ֽ鸮ҲҲò˶þܵͷĻȥɣùˡ
ĿŮԶ˲ŽʵŲϣλ롣
֮ܿǷݿУ͸Ų
ƽﲻǺ֮ˣΪֶŮòôûв׿ϣ׼Ѿ
˺ܿ쵽ﲮ
ǲ⾪ˣֱӰ˴Ժڻţȥ
Ų˲ע⣬СԱߵµΪҵﲮˣֻºˡ
²ΪȻСڼôãҵֲΪΪ㣬ûɣ
ס
ǲͽˣüΪ߲嵶
ʲô߰ݣЦá
û飬ÿ̫ܲ׼ȷ֮ܶô˼ɣ㶮Ҿˡ
Ǳ߲˼˽ͷӶС˵Ż΢΢ݸͻȻҲ֪λ˰ʲô裬ʹæ˱ˣǳǲϲ˻
˵ĻĶԣæ˼Զһڡ
²Ǹ֮ˣƷʲôζѳζǵĥôӦһѾ쿪˿ڣɽȪˮɽ룬˺Ʒζ

419ī1

䣬һԵѾвյ֮ǰ˵Ϳ֬Ĩۣ㲻Ҳһɿڣ
ǸԼ׵ӣЦҾͺһڣƷζ
֮ǰֻ˷裬ûӣֹڣһʱ⣬η˫ӣʵڶԲסдܡ
˵䣬ѾԸѾȥɷˮ
ʾûϵĿĲǺȲ裬ǼѾ
ҲΪⷬ˵ǣƶ飬Ż֮ǰڽ²˵ӡ
û⴫Ų
˼̧ȥһ۾ͿС㴩۷ɫȹӣغֱ֮˻ˡ
Ůһ˵пڣ񡣡
ȫǳ硣
ָº
ɨ˶һۣĿⶨϡ
Ҳ
ȻҼǵ㡣
ɫ΢΢ס
һ㡢ļǵң
ϴڴϣһĺɰ͵ˡСŮصĴҵ𣿡
˵£ûԼʧдϣ˸Цݣҵˣȥô㻹ܼǺüԡ
ҲЦļһ򲻲ģڼѧϿΣ޲ڡ
²һ䣬Ǽһ˼ѧ
šףŮ࣬ûôȥĹݣֻܴϯùǶʶְˡ
ʶȥڵȶԷķӦ
Ϻƽ
֪˴ܽж಻ףҲֶ֪Ůǵõǰ²óȻϣеȫܺõ
˼״˼
Ϊ¶ˣ򵥸Ů˵˼仰ͰѾߴСȥ档
ߺ󣬲˲Ц񣺡μʱǸڵСؤǲ͵ԣҶӵץ񡣡
ǻʱ龰˵ЦԵøУʱһסִʦ˵⺢ӸԵҾͰؼˡ
ʣ˴ߣûһļ
̹ȻһЦǶԸĸİǾԲΪؤģжΪ֮óΪúԿѵɡ
ֱӱҭס

뿪ʱ˲ģҪ
Ժ¿˿񣺡֮ǰ˵Щ㶼ûȻǴ̯ˡ
ţˡͷ
оõһʼǺܿȥģͨʲôɴ಻ڲڣԼ̬ó
˵˰ѡֶŮǧ谮һٻŮٻȥӣô룿
ô벻Ҫ뵽֮ǰڲѾΣ̾ҡͷؼڣѾͷǵңǵμˣԼѡĻҪڲǸһؼңҶ
ɲ˵̬ҲˣܼСǲףû취ȥ̽ʧϸڡ
̽ˣǾ˰ɡ
ŵæ˰죬ˣ
ǲ˵Ǿ仰ң˵жѴóΪúɣѾΪؤﲻƴҲȥ
ҲãｫԼôдŽ͵ܵӳȥ»˴˶ԳܣοǸӡ
һԲûʲôøУһ۰ŮģҲлܰѾŮ
Щȷصô˵ǲϻˣ
֮ǰôִһԵɣ

жڶֲҲûߣŻ¼ңǰԼϵĶ£͸Ұһ˰ɣ
ؿҪңģأ
ôƯĶỹŹ֣Ѿٿżڽ֦Ĵ³˶Լظ

ΡûʱԼվš
Ȼһͷȡҵ¼ϣյɣĸķ緶
ΪˣΡȻоɫϸ΢ı仯
ϲ£Ŀϣһ顣
˻У¡
Ρ뵽ܣѲշȬˣ
ҡͷûϵ
ΡֹǼ⣬˻Ϸ
ͷҪֱ˵ˣ϶þϲ
Ρ˼Ƭ̺ŲСȴûƣ²ֱ˵յװɡ
رƽͻȻЦϲδˣһεˡ
ȷˣΡ͡
ţзֵġһֱעķӦ
Ρڴϲ󱯣ټѹܱ¶ϵٵÿһ̣Ǵ۵׵ܵ˶ڵڶӵá
ʵ뿴ЦŬŽżӣûʲô˵𣿡
Ρֽ̥˻ôƤ
νԶ󡣡
Ρݸջ֮ǰ㳤Ļ
Цóˮ˻ôջȥѲɣ㻹бʧ䣿
ΡֻЦ
֮Ρ̥û쳣
ҡͷûУ˵һ
Ǳأ֪ûУ
û๫ΪǼҵڶ֪һеˡ
⻰ΡõĻȡ
鲻úбҪ̹ףڶеʱΪûĶͶǼңҪǸӣСҶȡˡ
ʲôΡͶµ
ī
ƺǲΡĻԷΪԼ⣬μ⼸Ԫ౦ҵѾѽƱȥˣۼҪδԵīͺܺãϡ౦ǰɣ
ΡûдĻԣֻ裬ҪǸŮأ
Ůʱû룬๫ȡһ
Ȼһ飬ԼȡֲһȡԢԶ
⻰
Ҫģһ㣬ȷһ
psŮ֣кõĽûǸȡ_(:١)_ÿȡͷͺ

420ͷӣ2

Ρûô룬ֱѿڶⱦ
ĸ⣿
ĿõǸ
񲻽⣬Ȼ֣Ϊʲô⣿
Ρ͵òߡ
˲׹ζɼĸеߡ
Ǿе֣ǰ涼û˳ͻȻôų𣿡
Ρ˵ֻǸѣȡ

μǳһԡ
ʱӷ嵭˲٣ʵߴ׵Ľ裬Щ˭ģ
ʵ˷Ʋ֮ǰԸū嵭Щ
Ȼȳ극ٵĲ̫࣬๫Ƕǹģϱӱ϶˼˵
ֻûϵԼûʣΡڷ̹ˣ˵ѾһµС
ӺϵһۣԼͬͣ˳ԷĶ
һԵĽү̶ԣצӣϵԼǰȻ̧ȥ
Ź˵ͬʱͰСһĶ͵͵ȵ̡
мΡԶӵľҲʮԡ
Сһ뵽ԼĳسԵ̫̿ΣûҼŶꡣ
֪ԼҪӸ˵ЩҲű˷˺һӣȻû򿴣̥զ˵˫ӵ˲ٺҩһ̥ǽңڶ̥ɲһôõƽʱעⱣůˡ
һشŵ⣬Ӧŵѣ߶ϣƽʱע⣬öϲصġ
ְԼ๫ȥ˵
룬Ρ֮ǰ˵ķֻ˭˭˭īȡīǲǾ˼
Ρף¶ˡ
Ӵ⻹Ǳأ
ϵԪͲǱˣ
ЩԪʱ۲ǻȡʲôɶ˳ںɶвƽǽˣûīôš
ϵ˵ϲɡ
һˣͷӣŶӶϱ棬㾻̨ǰɣ
ϵĬĬԷ
ڶ濩Ц
СӵЦЦɶ
˵ͷӡ
ӣ
ϵߺߣ㵱źӵ˵˵˻ü˭˽ͷӣ
Լһ£æȥӣȥԺ׼Һˣ򺰴Ҫģһ²׼⡣
뵽һ²ܳ⣬СһԴش

ʱ䵹ذѦĸ˵֮
ڽϹ˻ûʲô׼ؼңһӵܾݡ
ѦֻǸŮӣǻΨ·
տʼ˶ĵطܣ˭֪һŶΧ˵ǼҸϻĸ輧˼Ҳ͵ܳ
Ҫ׽ûȥ
ǰЩڹмĶǶթѦѾܲµ˲ʱ⣬ⰲҪڣиȹƴǰܡ
ǧС㣬Ȼèӵܣ۳žͿ챻׷ϡ
Ѧٹսһӡ
ȥһƬ˵ɫ߷ϻδڻĻѩµˮ顣
Ӻֱһͷ˵˼ſͣһ̧۵˫֮⣬ûбĵطɲ䡣
Ѧûʱԥûˣֻ
ǱѦͣģܹȥŷֳû棬Ҳһˡ
ųԯѦȥĥԼܰߵĿԡ
룬ǻѾڡ
ҸտСˣ׷
Ѧŵһ£Щֱȥ
Լǲˣֱᡣ
ܸɾûаڷŶĶ
һԽԽѦһᣬƿľ壬ָǼҵһпյģٴǵط¶̫ܾᣬԼؽȥ
ǻѾߣһûˡ
һۿ
ΪѦղǷЩضӣϴǡ
棬ѣ
һĿֱ꣬ӶԼ˷
競ԣһѷسӿ
Ѧͣð亹ֹ
֪Լʲôˣϸһ룬ҪôǼĸҪôǹǼλ
ĸãԼлᷴǹӣǾ̫ˡ

競ȳһֻצƿӣ⻧˼ҴͻȻһɤʲô
һ㶣˿ۣʮ꣬ЦСӣʶȤĻ͸үԹԴһ߶ȥӰү¶ȥҹ¥
ҹ¥ǳСԺ
ǰ˵ȻϵֵطɻؿԱߵİꡣ
һ
һ˹ߵߣֱӿסץס競׼֡
С־һĴ競ϵɫ۱ˡ
һż״üëһǣëͷСǴүа壿ϣ
䣬ŵȭͷͳ
꽫競ɿһƣײĺϡ
˺ܿһš
һվԱߣûζģֻǰһһػȫǼλֵܵʹĸѾȫأܸӵû˾ȫ˵ѨλҪ
һû뵽Էز¶ĻСӣ̿ˮֲߣߡ
꣬صǼֵܷܿʧڡ
ͳӲ˲֣һԵİꡣ
㵹ǻܣ¶ֻ㡣
ǰ˴򶷵ʱ򣬰ȷź档
ԣüȻԸ㡣

421˵Ļޣ1

Ǵ
ճΪĻϰæһ
ϴԪΪġ
ԪǡԵİõ̬ȣջۣûٿ
һװĻڣ߽֮󣬹ѾϵȷǻشʦֻЩŹ֣ƵĶǮûá
ô˵뵽ԼѲͼøϹĿʱԷֻһ۾;ܾ˵ҪĶ̫򵥣˷ʱ䡣
տʼ벻ͨЩͼ˼ʱĥģʼұӪͳ쿴˶޲ڣȻͳһûõķֽ
ֱԪᡲڸǵĻޣһʱΪˣͻȻ׹ΪʲôԼơ
ô󣬴δô׵ĶûԭȻܽѰĲϵһ飬ԷֻҪܹˡ
ʱ룬ֶܷŴʮʮǸսϣʿܼӶ̶ȵر֤ʤ̵Ŀԡ
ǰϻ˵һ仰ˣֵµҵΪӵĻͼףҲ١
仰˶Էһ֪Ļݡ

ɻϳ
ӵʱϵլӷۣջߣԪ˵ҲûȥҹʲôͼףǾ仰ʲô˼
Ԫ룬ʣ᲻㸸ף
ԣ˼
֮ǰûޣʷϼϷĵиרƻرռ壬Ǹʱǹ֣ʱĵϼ빬ƣƾǿıʤ࣬ǿŤתս֡
ϧǣ¼̫أϼպŻıжĥɱ¿Ѫϴһ塣
»һ汾˵
ʶر뽫ΪУϼ彻ͼףϣ⵽壬Щͼֽʮа˾ϼһ鱻ˡ
뵽һѲɣڰѰұͼף
ɽڶȥˣôܻҵõ

εµѦ亹乣ȫû뵽ԼȻ֮˴
û뵽ǣӾȻڽճ
ռ***ƵúܣѦúôܣֻܾ
͸ǰϵСףԼϴ۽ǣǻɫͼϴ˰ߣѦĽǶȣܿϸĹâ
ڼǰߡ
ѦѾڰãʼͷۻ
ڼݳ˼ƽȣ̫ܣŵʳſӦò⡣
ѦĥһҪô֪ȥͻȻԭ˵ĶѾĳͷš
סԼ¶ȴûϵʱͻȻ㡣
޹ζէһǣ΢ĲʸС
ѦڰôõˣȻܲס̣׻ûסһ
ţԼŵѪɫֱȥֳڳ˰ǰ
˲Ϣ֮ӵͳɤҪô
Ԫһ̿ͲصҲ̫ûˮ׼ˡ
ӣѦҲõ˫ӡ
ҧҧСһãҲܳ
Ԫ¸ŨȻλŮ̿ͣ
û˵ÿ
ŵȫãԪѾǰҩ뵣ģڰλٺãҲʹ
Ѧǿţòȴֻ
ƴȫվȻһ룬˾ǰԡ
ûֽס
ǲôֱÿ
ԪǲôѾڳڵŮѦ룬϶Ϊ˴ģ˼һŴ£Ҫȥӣ֫Ӵʵڲס
Ǻλ¹ڳô绨ˤſϡ
Ѧײذ壬۵õʶѣ˿ĺ֮ǰûĸĻȥ֣Ļᷢô£
꣬ûʲôѾɨһνߵ⣬ڶڹŻɺϣѦεʲô
ҡ
Ѧ۵¶ٿĪС
˻͵ͣŮ˵ҲɺϣŲţ
ͷϳĻͣ£Ѧ³
Ѧɿȥ뵽ʲôòعͷŮǰ׷ɱ³ȣимܲܺףҳֿ֣һȥڵ¡
³ǰ˼ȡ
Ѧû취ֻԪͶȥ
Ԫ̯֣ûжŮ鳤ֻ潻Ҳɣܵøʲôɣ
Ǳᡣ
Ѧץסؼ㣬Ƿ˵ϣʶ
üĿ΢
Ѧ͵游ǺѣżȥǼҺȾƣһȥ;ƣ˵һ仰
ʲôʡ
Ѧ˵ǵ´Ӧҳ֣Ůû̹׵ıҪ
һӵС㡣
Է˴˵ɿڣ˵ɡ
ѦָָԼϣ¸˶
ʾԪҩ
Ѧӹ½ҩȷԼѾܶ磬Ųڶ£ԼĻ
˵һֱڵ
Ԫ׷ʣʲô
Ѧϸţòᣬ˵ĵû壬游Ҳֻں
˵̧ȥ֪Եûа
û
ٴ뵽ղżϵΣ˵иĻޣôǷ˵ʵΪ֮𺳵Ӵޣ
ѵһ屻ͼ׷ǵûб٣
뵽ֿܣٽϻѰͼף˼ƽϡ

422Ҫô޸㣬Ҫôޣ2

Ԫ˵ѦҲ
ʱûжλøѦȻҲû˻ɱǰĶˣʱʱ̧ۿ档
ʱ״̬Եø
Ԫϲ̫壬ڣѦǵ˭ˣ
Ҳ֪˵ѦĽɢȥ룬֮ǰҺĸһúõģշֿþȺҲΪһʱ޴ӣŻǵ
ţֽŽͣĲ֪»֪ǡɾǴµġ
ԣɨһۡ
Ѧ뵽ӷΡżʲô֪ԷԼûٽͣȴʹԼŮԵзǷ֮룬֮ǰڻʹþֶΣûҪһȷĻᣬοŮվҪˡ
˵꣬ʶȥķӦ
ģûӶԷϹ۲쵽һɫ仯üͷ
ԪԣѦܡ
΢΢ۣɴ಻κˡ
ֿڵʱĻûͣ۾͵³ˡ
Ѧһֱע⣬Ļû˵Ӿû⿴
ôô֪еֿڵģƾ
벻ͨѦɻؿԪ
Ԫ֪ǰʲôģü۹·˷˵ľ
ָ˭Զ
ѦЩСС𺳡
ֱ治ԼڴӵⱾ»Լһֱ͹
ѦӡǹѵֿԴġ
ͷաүүȻԴӶаѦãΪʱûбĻӿԱȣټЩ˼ɵݣֻҰڮ١
洫ӢŵЩǰװġ
Լƺ˽
˦˦ԴѦԼһϾҪ׵ˣô˽ӵ뷨
Ѿͣ£Ѧ׼ȥһ֮ǰȻתͷݸһЦϲηȨ֮ˣΪµݶ²ֺϣͺϧһĮ̬ȣֻʵ䷴
ԣۣ˼ǣת̬ȣ
ȻˣҲʱȥ鸮
ͷԸϳĻ
Ѧһ֪Լȥæ˵ϡ
ûſ׼ȴͻȻһɴסͷüѾֿˣԼ³
мҪȥ졣̬Ȳ๡
Ѧûѣͷգǵ˵̬ȣ
˵
Ůûаæ񡣡
ɿڴȥӱ֤һգǵ˶֪һҵڣңڸҪ
Ѧ𴽽ǣ߹ңκʱҪҲɢҥԣҲɢҥԡ
һڣ޷·Ҫô޸㣬Ҫô޲ȥ¾ͲһˣһΪĳλﻵʧȥģҲٹ²õӡ
Ҫ֪ﲢֻһλӣˣҲܼ֧֡
ϸƺǵ¸أ
Ƭ̣ڣ˵˵ɡ
Ѧ֣Ҫؼҡ
Ǹ죿
쳼ŮҪˣһԼ£Ÿм档
ûǿ
Ѧȹȥ
Ϊۣûע⵽
ߺԪڴ۰Ͱ͵س˵ıӰȻɤӣظѦĻŮڣ޷·Ҫô޸㣬Ҫô޲ȥ
˵ôͰȥ޸㣬ǵһӼ޲ȥ
ôĵĻ⣬ûûпѣ
Ԫ£ҲΪǿķǣ
һۣ˵ǹǲ֣˵а취ת̬ȣǼ٣
Ԫʼ磬ȥ˺֪ˣ

ûԪĽȥѦֱӷԸع˼֮һʱȥۡ
鷿£Ŵˣô޹
밲
۸ʣӣճˣΪ£
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˵
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ԣֱվļˣ
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423Ȣϱģ3

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424ֻ1

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Щźûֻ빬ҡҡͷˣȻع
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425Ȼ뵽ְ취أ2

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426ְĽӣ1

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427빬ɣ2

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428ķɾˣ1

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429ת2

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431ѳծ2

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ѵõд˵Ⱦ򡣡Ԫп˵˶ʵծѻⱲӣעһ黹һӵծˡ
Ҳ֪Ǻǻ͸ĵǡ
ԪͶɻ񣬡ʲô˼
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432īʦ㣨3

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Զô޹кãһΪʲô߽֮
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ҹ͹޵ֻèȥͷһͨУҹèͿֲοèǱιҩģֱӰ׵Ķŵ۴ޣ˸ջԲѡ
֪Ժ󣬶ŭ𣬵ȥè
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436񱻷ھ3

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ڴ޹ΡرĴڡ
ر֮ڣ˵ʲô˵Ķ̣ʵ۴ǵʱλΡ
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µΡǽŹ֮޹Ƕ𾴡
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Ҫ˱Ʒ٣ֻϸֺô޹ķݶ
ɼΡλǰܹķжء
ΡŽŵŷˣϲػˣ
ΡһԸȥͨ˵޹ּ̫ү̫̫ͷ˴Žּ
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Ρվһԣ롱ơ
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˵䣬һǰһŵżĹձǰ
Ѿ߲࣬ΪЩҶæǰûźΡԸ޹˲裬ϲδΪԼªֳ˿ĲȻ
޹δ̫ʦϣʱʱظΡ䡣
ΪʶյûкӲ

ʱոϴ贩·
䣬һ㲻ϸϴ裬¶š
ŸɽڸӲͷ
˶ͷϷСôһͷطģ׾ͲɣϸñףƤѥ
˵޹ּӿ춯ͬʱЩվĴӣû˵Ϊʲô¶
ӻش𣺡û˵ʲô¶ŷֻ˵ү÷˿Щȥ
ãž
ҴҴӣȷʵ͸磬ýߣԼױ̨ǰžһݡ
ǰԺ͵ˣЩ˼͵ͺ
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𻰣޹Ѿʥּǰ
ԺﳱʪμϽּΡҪȥ޹뵽ǰϵķԸæֹӾͲعˣ˫ӣվּɡ
û뵽Լܵô˴䴽ЦЦл¡
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һ
๫˵֪ԼĴڣصĹǷ˵ʵѾŮ
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ڴ޹Ѿʥּû
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ţ
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ֱһ
һֱֻ֪Ҫ๫˹٣Ȼžƾ๫Ĺٽױھûϵһ˿졣

437ӣ4

һ𾪵ģš
ڴ޹ʥּʱѾɵˣ˫ЩվûվϵһѲܺúõšԾдš𾪡֡
֪ôȥ״̬µŴǻûǰȥֱӷԸȥ޹͡
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Ѿ߷˺ʱ򣬴޹Цеؽ¡
Ρ֪ﻹҪæû˺Ȳ裬Խͳȥ
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ΡֱŮϵȲѣͷ֪
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Ρûǿ˾ˣǵʱӲΪɣ˱ǡ
ﶼˣﲻϾ˾ˣȻЦֻ룬ͻȻ˸ʵ۵ľ˾ˣ֣ҪЩʲôôҲŲ
ΡֵͷСԡ
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СһͦܵܺãĸóԵģ
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Ρ˵ܻܵܵã㵱˸磬ҪѧᱣǣǫǣԳСӺȡ
СӺСһһǣø籣ǣ˳Ҳˡ
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СһߺߣЦЦɣҲøǼƽϡ
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ԿһۣԼͬһ֡ĸд
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Ԫʲô֪ǵԪĻһ˯˯ģ绹˵ƽʱæûʱ˯
ʣʲôʱ˵ģô֪
ǵô¶ȥ룬ҡҡԴ

Ԫ֪İӱʹؽҹЩĸԸôң⣿
¶ԪδУҶҡ˸ʵľġҡԶİ⡣
Ԫҧҧֻһ䣬벻ΪԼֻع
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̧
Ԫ빬ΪһΣ񣬻ϵı飬ڿЦ
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غ飬䲻˽Բþ빬ۣѴ˵һ飬Ǵ㱣ס黹ǽǶ֮Է
⻰뷢𣬡̰īοΪµĳ٣ʶûУ޼ȻѾѰӽǣȻǸô߾ôߣΪʲôҪǷҪסǶˣӣѵ˽
գŵǰգ˽һ׮ıɱȷ֤ݽ£΢һ׮˳츮ͽˣĴǣʴ˲Ż̰īһʻϣǷñִ
һ֮֮ʣ˵Լ˽ȻЧԲԩˣȻҲŹκﷸ
۶ͷֲͣɵʲôӣҧ˭֤ݣ
˾˾ة
֤ݣ֮Ի빬ԼŻʵ˵ЩΡһְŵġ
ԭΡٿز˴ĸ߹٣ɾڣΡһ·ˣݲð㲻ɾĶڣݲλڰ˫ر׼ںʵЩ֤Ժ󣬴ŻһʱۣϣȻӴӱһ
λšޡ֮ƣǳĲ顣
ΪԼϣڴǰǼԼŵˮװ֪ȻʮƷӣ˳츮ǰﷹͰôİӾȻҺŪޣ
Ȼ֪ǵŵˮ仹ŹϷȻת£ȫԸԼһĽ
úð졣Ĵļ
ߺһʱѴ޹Ρ
޹ɫܲԾûҵ飬һʱȥ˾

յĹ֮ΡŴ޹ĵ
žͼϣΡ񣬡֪ϴ΢Ϊ£
ɨṩ֤ݣ
ǡΡϲ䡣
ΡǴҪ޶Ÿɣ
ΡЦ΢ţһҰĵĵὫ־ں֮ⷽأΪһ˽ʷеĴ

438ɳ֣ۣ1

ס죡ΡĻ㶮ʲô
Ρƽϵú󰸺ͽ˷˰΢ʱ΢иǰݵ·϶˲ٹڴɷ飬˵죬룬ĳɣ΢Ƕġ
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ΡĬһ¡
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û룬ԷͻȻ˿ڣ΢ΪϵѡңΪ΢ֱԵӣȴԭһֱһôϲķУô΢ԼҲ˵ûϾò˳Ļʲô΢˵ʲô
ֻﱻ̵֪ɱԲûвңǸԱЧ׽֮˷һֻ¹ܲˣϵʱԳ棬֮ѹȥ
ĬĹۣΡֲһ䣬һֱΪλһȥΪ飬֪ʵֻҪҸͿԱ⣬ܵҲñţһ˶˸˾ˡ
⻰ѹյһݡ
ƽеָսɿɿսѹŶԵΡ
Ρûٿ΢ˡ
̤żʱ򣬹۵ͻȻա
Ρһ١
˾ģպҸۡ
ΡͷһӢվͷĹ̫ȫˡ

Ρߺ󣬹˰ڼ͹
ڵӭӡ
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ֱӣɫƽų檣޹أϲų檣檱
ߵλ£ĿͶЩ̣޵Ȼϣ޹أɴѾõȷ֤ݣ˶֣׿ϣôң
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⻰ﲻ̫ܣˣ֪ˡ
Ŵ£֪ӹǶڱ£Ϊӣô檶ϡ
ԽˣԽݲģ㡭
ٿѾȥͷβûһᣬûйһίûΪԼΪ˵һ仰
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޹׼˳ȥֳٴڸ䲼گԼ𣬵ıãܳɹһ塣

̶յʱ䣬Ϊɣϱ߳ڸ׸类նס
߽⣬Ψһпֻʣڸ׸
ĸȥ׵ܵܵʱŻð䲼گԥˣֻǰڰ

̸һʱõϢ
ΪܣϢС̫࣬ˣ
ūԣʵС̫Ѿλݣ͹ŲλȥūŻ˵ɵ׸Ӣ⼸ڴ¼ָݣԩĸȥ׸׸ݺѵһ٣ҵĺӣǹͷˡ
ϲɫʹ죬̫ʹˣıҶ͸ø˴ۣ
пϧǼΪйֻǱλݣͷ֮ޡ
ǹ񲻹ǸССɣҪԸһ򵥣οҳ⵵£ΪƽϢŭʱڶٳôùһ仰¶
С̫࿴˿ɫԥһ¡
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ɣۡ
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С̫æڹ
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֪Ρô˵ʷģ֪ϱչ٣ıӢ̣ԼбҪ֣ظлһΡ
ʱԪվ˾⡣
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ε£Ҹúúлл˾ةӿ񣬳ޱȵĳ羴
ΡݸǴδϣ΢ְ˵л̫ˡ
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Ρ˵ʣʮ𺳡
ΡȻ˵ԼΪ˾ģ׼ƢŻ˵ЩֻǸԼϹèӣټ֤ɽȻܲӡ
óΡû׷ʣѾھ¥ż䣬˾ةãӣ˾ةҺһ
ΡһЦ΢һ׼ʱԼ

439Ԫ2

ʱΡãȻӡ
Ρؼҽ£µʱ䣬ֱ»¥
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Ρżʱ򣬶˵ʲô
̧ۣЦź˸кָָԱߵλã˾ة
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Ρ·˰ȥˣ
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ƽ￴ƹѵʵ飬εĴɱѦҶѾΪɥȴ˽뱣İ֮ˣΪܴ죬ͬʱҲ˲ɱԹ
Ρô˵Ĭ˻ΡŸмл˾ة㣬ҽգܽˡ
Ρ¶ο
˵ӸͬףɶԷϾʮ꣬ΡԪһǸӡ
ԴӣΡһԡ
Ԫüҵ˵ʲôţֻҪͷʾΪԼֻعûʲô¶ǰ첻ɵģƼû㷭뺦ȫˮ¶ģƯɣ
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ԪˣҲйĺòãΪ˸㷭Ǽȶܶˣ̽Ϣһסţ˵ûš
ӣЦЦǾ͸һ
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ݳȥŷԸ±

440Ԫ飨3

ԪŪȥʱ˶ʶˣӴһæţҵСڣȲ˾ͱȣ˭أ
ҪܡԪ۾һ䡣
˵ʲôϣȻع
ԪһҪعüͷʮֿ飬عؼңҪؼң
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ĿɿڴķӦ£ϰԪŪһ̻ع

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û
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֪Ҫ½ϺүÿգΡӡ
Ρ档
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Ρף롣
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˾սɣԶԶĿǰԣÿĹܷء
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Ԫ룬ҵǾãСȻܴ̣ǹ룬ʲô֮߰ڲݴǲץץ
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ΡҲöӵʮֲ̫಻㡣
ֻѵҪѣֻվǰ˵ļͬѣҪ˵ϼǿɲһ

441⽫֮ŮҶᣨ4

ع֮󣬵һʱȥ˹ۣԪ
գֱӸƳޣ˵ԪСС;дǻۣǸɶõĺӣú࣬дô
ף˵Լᾡ
Ϊ˹Ԫ۸ʹ˲ٶ
ԪͰܱĶˣƱ
֪ԺЩЦã޹˵⻹Ǹԣ
鲻޹Цү׻Сӣټǰ³󣬿ܶǮȱ˿һЩ
ͳȥĶûҪջأûƽԪƷǮ£޻˵ùŴԼʮ˸ȥ⺢ӣ˵Ρģ𣿡
޹ȻţϿЩƫǹɽƻ˾ةֱһޣūžãֻҪᣬʤ
ҲôΪġ۸пǿ񣬺úôĥĥúĳһλ֮
Ӣ

ӦôԪȥ򳡵£û
˱죬˴װ֮Ͽֱȥ򳡡
ÿĿǾһʢ£˽رࡣ
ⳡ췽Ƕ塣
ֶ֪Ҫ˸˹ϯ
һ볡жߵСӭӡ
߱ʣĶЩʲôˣ
СʵвҹӸ
Ŷ
ȫǱҶġ
Ҳˣ
еġ⽫ŮҶᣬ˵ѾףϳûвӮġ
ٹӸ̬ղͷж£ȸһԣ׷򳡸ϣΪ˿˴չ֡
С֮Ĳ죬Цʣ½ϲϳھǿһģҪǶⳡϷ͸⾫ˣû׼үټӵĲͷ
Ц˵ɡ
ıȴԪϤϤûҪԼϳ
СźˣǲϳǶϧѽ
ٽǻԪֱȥ˶ڵϯλϡ
ˡ
һ˷ܣüҲҸҶһ
һ˵һ۾ȥƳԱߵĹ
˳ŶȥλжжԲѵҶ

442ҵǴұ1

ڶԵĹŲɫխ̰𣬲˱§ȥӸ˴
Ƕ̬δκεľнȴҲԵô֣ƫ⡣
㵽ʱҶںȲ裬Ը¸룬һ񣬶̧ͷһЦǰү˵Ҳ˺ðûˣŮΪʱ£ˡ
Цʱ˫̫ͬ
ϷЩöǰᱡͷƴСϸɣŮ崿Ц֮䣬üôƶ˾Ŀ
ԪʱԼǿ̤֧ͻȻһУʶ档
ûҶ϶ǳǳӦһ·£˵
ĿͶҶԲࡣ
ŵģ鸮Ѧ
ҶǹۣҶҪѦΪ͵ġ
ôˣö͸ΪδĹġ
Ѧû뵽Щ˼ҶһۣҶġ
һڶָָߵĿλʾԪ
ע⵽Ԫ
ʵϣ볡Ѿ˲˵Ŀ⡣
൱۽ѥɫ˲עⶼѡ
ڴԪڽܣҵİ
˵μλ꣬䴫Գ˯˯˸Ԫʱţºľ٣֪û˷ˮǽԪ˼ƾ汾¿ģбλ˺档
ͷһμӡ󲻴ЦЦ
ϻЩ̵£ûֻԪ볡ɵ¶Уûˣ
ˡ
ȫǴڽ´ɱ¼ݣصġ
ǲģλĻԼϳ²øֽϷԸȥü֣볡֮ҪϸѲ飬Яκɱ
ЩŹͷջûֹƳԪؿڣѯʵļˣ

ԪûôһĶ￴ļģ
ۣԪצӷֱͦ壬ö
εòҲС￴˼΢˼
ǵ̫ˣûƣ۳Ȳԣʶʲôʱʼ
°͵˵һԵ¯¯ͷһ֧㣬չ롣
ӵĶԱȼͿʼ˵
ע⵽һϢļλѾ˶ӣƶӺӣ԰ͷϵĨ֡
ԪעصͬǼͬʱ۷ƵƵɨ˭ĲԶ
Ҷ棬ɫŲŲƨɣһӵסü˵ߡ
˿𾢵ԲһɣĦȭ
ԱȰˣûǱǹϯôһ˹ˣ۸Բ˶ߡ
߷ߣҪΪҶˣ˭磿
˵껹ӣʱһ硣
ǵĿϷܿů³̫һΣԾô̹ǡ
⼸λҪȲҪ¶ȵڽճȺȫǿҶϡ
ʵϣÿ궼ֻҶ˽ʮ꣬λ׻˶ѡ
ͬȰ߶߶ˣϽӲȥлͬˡ
ûҶѹģǰıʤʤһܸҶһ˵ˣһҪʤҶͷ
ͷʲô
ϯߣԪȻʡ
˶ơ
Ԫ̽̽ͷڷŵĶֹһʲôС
ǿµע˵ĲͷʦƷ˫Ż̽ҡ
ʦǱĹմʦרΪЩСֵƷÿֻһȫǶһ޶ģܹϲ
ԪɨĶ˳ȡԼͷ
үųɫϼѣȷҪѺ
ѺԪشøɴ࣬ǹ޵ǳЦ
ĴæҲû׼ĶԪһԼȡ
ˣЦ˵Щ񡣡
ԪƲ壬ǿǴұĿɲһ
ЦˬʣүոĲͷزˡ
˵ţС̶̫˿
ԶԪʲôʱҹ㴫ұ
Ԫգգۣû˵¸ǿ鱦ٰӮǼңⲻǴұĲ𣿡

ҶѦС˵ŻȫȻûע⵽λĶ
Ҷ˵δˣôҲ˵˵
δ֣Ѧһ̣Ҷһۣûף˵ʲô
ˣϵ˵Ŀɶȥˡ
վ˵ۡѦͣŲҪڹڳ˵ǸһӣԼ˿ڣ϶ᱻΪδžͱ
Ѧ˵̧ۿ˹
ɫѦԤеģࡣ
Ѧڷ䲻ʱڻȻδ״̬ʶ˵ͷ
壬ܷ裿
ԭ̫Ż׳£СֶˣûӦܣȥš
̫꣬࣬Ըһͨ
̧Ż
Ѧʱ񣬵ૣôˣ
Ҷŵģ
Ѧ֪ղƺ䲻š
ЩȻ̿趼ˣûŽֻͣǿ˶һۣл¹ػ
ӦõġĻشʮƽٲȻǰѹһΡ

443Ԫ·2

˵䣬ѾȼͷӵĶԱǣߵС
֪յĲͷʦƷңϵĦȭƣ뽫Ӯ׸Ҷˡ
йһ£ʼ
ǰƽĳ϶ʱ̳ǵ׷ڳйȥ
⿴һƬк
Ҷֻ˼۾ջߣʶѾҪһֻɰ
úã黭Ů֯ͨ輼һģ̿һ衣
Ԫһ̧ۣСźֵָϸȾ޳עˮеעۼڣµ۽ںŨܣʱһСȣ˫۳γɾֻСè
Ԫǰ˵ΪĽ뺷ŮͬҶϸ
֡Ԫţѿڶ
ҶУ̧ۿ
Ԫ˵ͦÿ˫޹崿۾̿ˮھͱɣܴ򣿡
Ҷǰ仰ܴ
ͷһôʣҶ㶣ʶԼ֣һ
ǰǸʣǻش
ԪãԼеĸԡ
̣˵ͦá
ʵָͦͦͦϲ
ĹΪǿļ΢΢죬Ȼ͵˵лл
һľؿˣǱ飬ġ˭߶Щʲôˡ
ԪǸϲ˳ˣСûоܾ˵ϾԲԷкøС
Ҳᡣ˵
ԪôѡҲҪܳϵ˵ôֱ׳˲һͻѿڶҡĴ
ʵϣûдԪô˵ˡ
һϿҵؿŶ汻ŪеԺС뺰ã־ͷ˿ڣܷ̽ң
֡𣿡СﻹԺ
ԪݸֻҪÿգʱС
ͷһμ˰Ѵڨֵ˺޳ܣԴƫһߣڴǰ꣬Լѹû˽Ԫ
Ŷѹû˽޳̶ܳȡ
ǰǰչֵģֻбɽһǡ
ѦҶķӦЩЦ
λȻȴǼ̫ͷСþϸҴĻҪ
ԿţҶİĽڶ࣬ûټУһλʷرġ
Ҫ˵˼ҷ̣û˵ʲôͷĻҪ˵ֺÿ仰е㲻Ծ
ΪʾòҶ᲻òĻԾģҴһ
šԪüûϵҿš
ͻȻЩڰɵӴۡ
۵ĶɵӺȻͱͱĸ첲
˵¡ÿĿԾϡ
Ԫ˵Ҫȣǵ鰡
ڲĿʲô͸ˣ
ʦԪһػش
ЦһҪôĻҲʦһǰͷôң
ǲһ
Ĳһ
ԪùԱȣֱԵñȽϺÿ
˼˵ÿˡ
ֻǱò̫Զѡ
ѵļɫ塣
ǡ
ʮýʼɢһ֣
˽ʱҶѾò裬һһ״ɱУ̸Ƕ
үò衣
ò衣
ΡΡ
Ԫ̧վǰСʣΪʲôͶˣ
СҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ벻ôƺʼԺ
Ժʱ򣬺ܰС϶дһԡ֡
Ԫͷˣôһۿ;óúδϱ
γൽʹȵķӦͺүϲһ㡣
һֱԺȥϿʼҽܣиԪ㺰
ԪүСӦ
Ԫү
Ԫüһרƺ
СѾ¸صԼλȥˡ
ʱϵǵһβʤ
ʱȵѪڣλСֽһ
ԪԲŲתӣҶѦһͬ򳡣ȴ˵Ÿ޹ص¶Ҹղŵıô
Ƴһۣû
ô㣿
ҪҪʵ
Ԫһ£˵ٻɡ
еɵ
ʵأ
ɵû߶
Ԫǳ鴤£㻹ǲҸǶ
ʦɫ糣侲ţھ¥Һúù̹ܽܽ㡣
ǡҾ͸˹仰ûôذɣ
˵ɵһ㶼˵Լɵ
Ԫɵɵ
ӷӦ죬ȻȦףͣһ߶ȥڶϿʼˡ
ԪƻǰǸ⣬ҽѺ˴ұģֲȱһøôˣ
˵һûұʲôġ
ǻġԪǹҲ磬˶٣ұģұ˰ɣ
ŤͷģίУҾҺбҪһ㳶ѵëҪҲУ˵ǿ岻ʲôұǹġ
ԪΪѣⲻԴ𣿡
һ޹ء
Ԫ˺ð죬û취ڣʲôܻܲҪ󣿡
ԡ˵Ըǡ

ԪѡǰߣתȥŶڻůֵС죬û
Сߣ̧ۿЦʮԪү¶𣿡
û¡Ԫ΢ЦݷＷ֣Ȼתȥԧ족Ϊʾʹûо̫ˣ
ЦҵĶ軨׷˵ǴұƭС㣬ǵ̲ʲô
⻰
ԪcpʵǸֽǰ¶λȷľͻͷȥĸģΪΪŮֽ^_^

444˭˴ұ˭ϱ3

Ȼ˵úеԪûѡұ¶̹׳ƻԼСĿеĸߴ
Ԫ˵ҲſʱʱغԱߵĶ仰
˵˾ϲ˾ʮֵûӣúðգܺһŵ񣬹žԶˡ
ͷл㡣
ѹǸӣ˭㣬ںܶϣҲ˭ʸ忴㡣
ڰʾ֧λ
ʵٹоųɶվ֪ģҲˣԼԽԽϿһʧֻ£Ĳǰٹٵ֧֣еΡ
ȻŬڵʼձ
Լŵ࣬ô㣬ʷֵϵעҲһŵһ롣
Ѱ֮Ӻͳ֮ӵĲ
䣬ڶѾʤӴ˸ƽ֣һʤÿ֡
ųϵѪǣпðʲôʲôû񡣡
嵱ϹսˣӹȻѰ˸ʣɱǾˡ
ڰ֣ˣһϹͷڣĻҶȥһ
˿ȻҪֶһ
ԥ˵ͷǣǲҪЩ͵򡣡
˰ԼҡҡͷˣһŤģֵֹݣ˵ˣСӵھͷһݣҸⲻ۸𣿡
Щǿƣټʣ֪ģ˼Ұѻ˵ݶˣüǿ
Ҳپϳ¶תͷҶᣬСѾͷϾֵˣú׼׼ȡһ¿ףٴ¼
áҶӦһۣȥȥ
ѦЩû뵽ָָԼҲϳ
Ҷ˵ǸʤһӴкüˣӵĻܻ䡣
翴ҶҪֻ̽ңѦס˫۾ˮضԼúúãȥˡ
ҶЦü䣬˸Ѧȡͱ
ǴٰҶ鼸ģѦҲ׼󣬺Ȼ˼ҪôŰɣСѾͷһӣԱʹӻʤѡҪǲٸˣΧͷѾȲ뿴ԴˣǵԸΣ
νôŶС
ҶҲ˵á
ڶ˵ĹɺгȡĨʼ
վĨ֮Ķ
ֵĽҲˣʤ
վϸ̨һĹ
֪лҶʹһӣʤӶԱ֡
һյĹҶǰϢѡԱ
£ȻȻС
Ҷлʼѡˡ
óԼ֮ǰǼûȫ꣬ҲѾƳͷļúãļǽġ
ҶûаѼõȫѡԼӪѡúõģѡôģʣµģȫ
濴һƳҶѡкдΡ
ÿĸԱ϶ӳҶ»ҪҪˣ
Ŀ⣬һʱӹȺԪϢ
ԶԪ֪Ƕ˵ʲôֻǾͶе⡱ʱһ顣
Сү˵ˣҪѧ׼׼ϳ
˵õһСأ
ԪĶΡԧ족ʾǿҵĲĬĬһ
㣡
ǱߣҶѦ֣ʾϳˡ
ѦԪү߰ɡ
ԪʣҶһӣ
Ѧͷôˣ
Ԫԭ˵һһѦƣǻģԼҪǰĶСǵ䣿
룬ԪǾϺȣСӮñõġұ
Ѧ֪Ԫʲôֻʱüʱ𴽽ǵӣЩĪ
ûٹԪ߽򳡣ܿǣһƥ
Ԫӣĥĥߵߣǰͦ飬ôˣ
ԪƤû˵
ʱ洫һԪүҪʼˡ
Ԫʱˣӹˣһķ
֮󣬸˵ָָߵţ۾Ūˡ
ѻãһѣԪͰ¶ͷȱʼ󲻾ã˴ŵ

ӶԱ
ʣΪͷ֣ļٺãҲ˸׶
֪ԪǹģߵԱߣ˻еˣһ˽ɳȥ
ԪЦǺǵͼ֣˭˭Ӯһ˵ˣͷȫǴүǶŹôˣǱ߻δŵСأѵͲľӷȣӮ񲻸պãǿҲ˳ͳȥˡ
ԣջתһߡ
ʤҶӵõȫͷǶӵǼ꣬ҶڶȻҪЩ
˶̽ңʣһ̵ĶȫҶᡣ
СҪô࣬ѦҲġ
˵ӮĲͷʿ֮ģҲֱȥԼϣѦĿһԱʯȥã󷽴ӵǿɣڳˣûʺ
ϾлԼ͸ﲻΪ棬οӮĲͷ͵͵
Ѧץǿ壬תͷҰ
ʣϲ
ҲǲϲǾԼֻǸôԴһˣΪЩС¶ô죿
˵˼άŮչ鲻ͬ
ѦãǳڶѦ֮ΣȻתΪģûûδ򶼲δ̫ҲԼδĲְ
Ůҵ˼ͱȽϸӣտʼӦ޸ʱѦǱŴ̨ȥģΪԼ׵¶Լһ㣬ûи飬ҲŰĶˣֻȥ᲻ΪµƫݲԼ
ôˣʡ
ûûʲôѦȥͷ˵˾䣬Һϲ
ϲͺúţŪˡ
š

ͳȥˣԪǿ顰ұ
Ҷ֪жҵ壬գѾҵûнĿ⽺ڡұϣǿΣģʣµĽ
Ԫ߹ǰվ
ԲεҶ̧ͷһۣﲻкԪү
Ԫϲ򣿡
ҶͷҶһûܶãԺءšһ
áԪ̾
Ҷܳʣ֮ǰϣŶ˵İ䣬˵ᣬţͰᵽֵˡ
Ҷעһġš
Ԫǿˣﲻ״̬һת˵°ɡ
šССƵĵͷ֪ӦСְԴҡ˹ģָǿ壬Ҫġ
ԪЦողǶѾӦˡ
ҡû塣˵ţԴȥҲС˵ˣжҵ岻Ҫ
𣿡Ԫ˵˵ǼҵĴұֻδϱ˭˭ǡ
հҪСץɽһ֣С˵ģҲ֪
ԪķӦǲ䣬ֽûġ
Сԣ̧ͷĹĵصԪүҲ̫ˡ
±⽫ѹͣԽ;ԽСèС

445ֺÿֹԣϱң

س·ϣԪĺã˾ٱ
һȫԼ޷԰εӣ֣
ʲô
˼άԾĿһþˣԪˡ
ұĿϡ
ԪʶͷۻԼ壬ָ߬øôţͳĶѵջȥ
ԼҵĴұȷҪ͸Ҷ
Ԫϸ壬ϱʮָӣʲôʱǼҵĴұˣ
ǻʼҵĶ˵ǣǡ
˵ţٴγ֣ɣšˣǶûô
ԪҲûŰĶ͸Сϸ˼󣬻ǻȻ´ʲôʱ򣿡
ʵش𣬡һ㴺һȻˣҪ㹻ĺҲԻǮԼ죬ܷ뵽Ҷ͵ÿԼıˡ
ԪŽڹϯʱǶĵĺˮǿɲǹǮ򵽵ģҪȥ죬ǮýöϣԶԶò
˵ˣһǵ˲Ƶķʽɣ
뵽Сȵӣ뵽ȥֳȺӣԪûΪȥˣŷ춼ûС
ʳſڵʱԪ̧ΡĹǽȻ뵽ʲôˣҽ˼ҡ
ϵû˿ھ͵½ӹ˾֮ǰҹ𴲶˰ɣģһ϶ʱȥ˾î
ÿĿȸ飬¶ضࡣ
ûȥɣ
Ԫ³ӦˬһΡ
ڣԪϽлתͷԼҸϼ۶ȥ
Ρرæһ㶼ᰴʱãʱû
ȥлҴţϵڸڸǻ˼ҵ̫үȾƣֻʣŽ
Сһһ˵òˣСȾܳҪ
СһأԪٲֻܱȻû
۸ֵӣ˵ô롣
ԪͱϷƵóһ֧մòõǰΣ벻롣
ӹˣŤ˵е롣
Ԫٸһǳʣ벻롣
СһֺˣԴñС׻棬һ˵룬磬ǳӡ
ԪһֽݸһԴͲ𣿡
ѾһӦһԣʹҡͷ
⸱ӣԪ˽ϵǸС
عԪЦһ䣬ûûεС
ֻܵͷԶŲܸ˵ʲôͶˡ
ųԪʯϷһߣԵһصӿǡ
ɻ󣬡ԪôͻȻˣ
ϿμѾϰÿֻܻؼҼˡ
겻ڵĻȷ˸е⡣
Ԫػع񣬳Ĭһĵﲻһֱͷҵһ𣿴ӽҲˡ
һй£ͳӲ˲ʯǣȷĿˣ
Ԫ֮ǰϺ޳ܵǹɾȫ֮࣬ʵЩ˼ҽһˡ
ûţ˵
ԪŵҾȢĹ
ûģÿ𣿡
ÿĺÿˣ
Ԫһ˿֣ͦÿġ
˵Ļ㲻˵Ҫرÿģ
˵ʲôϱÿûȥ״ԪһžشļҹرÿŪΪħˡ
ǡûмֹ˳úÿ۾ɾȪˮϴǶһվ˾ʮá
õʮ඼Щܲס
񣺡û
Ҽѽüڳϵ򳡡
Ԫһֱѣûѵֱεͷһء
ǳϦദôϤһһУ»ΪСӱ˭оӡ
˵˰죬Ҳͷˣʮ궯˴ģѹֻϻһնղסǹеޡ
ãԪ۹⣬ϵĹﲻÿǺÿûôš
ϾʩеλʵʵĿЩ롣
ԪڴĵĽ׶Σ񲻺ֱӸˮֻ侲ȸң˭ҵĹٸܲܰ취
Ԫ֪һ׼Ӧ죬⽫ŮҶҶᣬڼмҾͲ֪ˣϾղͷһؼܾܲ˼ҾҴɡ
Ĺעڡ⽫ĸϣ㿴˽Ů
˵ƲŮֻŸ˵ĵһӡ󣬳Ĺ϶Щ뺷ԪԦסĹ
Сһ㶼뺷ԪĹǣ͵ǸԱ
̿Լ˵˵һ˼ңô֪ǸԱ
ֱԪ˵ͦԵġ
񣺡ص㲻Ǻÿô
ÿֺÿֹԣϱң

446Ȣӣ1

Ԫһ˵ǹ¶ûմ˵꣬ǿڸ
Ʋ˲˳
Ԫ裬ų׻
ȷ˾ҪλҶ
ԪСӣǲЦҪ
ʣһ˲ͬ⣬Լ޸ô죿
Ԫǻûǹ
Ӧáڰɣ
˵ҪʮȢףٹ꣬Сܵꣿ
ԪüͷҪô˵ǵǰȢţ
ٴǰȢҲ˼СӦ޲С
˵ȥ꣬Լ˵ˣ겻μӻԣһ죬ֱȢףô͸ˣ
ԪͷԼ˵ĻȻûֻû뵽ʮǵĹ
ûбԼúÿǣǻʮȢףôҶҹǲɣǰȢţٲҪйպӻڱ²ſ㻹ü
Ԫ˼
ƳԱߵĳԻӽùӰ
װæСһö֣ŵȳԡ
ԼհһžͱСһһ˹ȥٰһֱһȥԲˣͣ㣬Լ
ӣװӵֽԼڼ䲻̧ȥڶĸ磬һݣѵõĴһأ˸ӵݹȥ
Ԫҡҡͷ˵粻ԣԼԡ
ʣ粻𣿡
Ԫ֣ĿҲˣ
˵ˣȢϱ
ԪСԴ˵
˵Цѧ졣
Ԫ뵽ʲôȻСһҪ㿴һֻˣʱûǮ򣬻ҪҪ
գںڴۣҲǮҾŲߣϰһҿɰ϶͸ҡ
ȥǿ߼
Դʲôǿ
͵׳԰׺ȲǮģǿ
һǽǿҳúÿ׿ңҰһˣġ
񣺡
Ԫ
ȻСһĻʮͷǸԪĳЩʾ

ӺϵȥĲһطȴǰŽš
ûΡǲǻûá
ͷ๫ȥţ˵ֲð¶ߵֽӶرæ˵ȳԣص
һ˵һƲȥ
뵽ԼʱүʣǲԪˣⲻ겻ڵģɶ
ԪӦûûøλҶ¶ûᣬ˵ü顣
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Ԫү̻֪ԼȢҶҹ¶мؿһۡ
ԪŽȥڷ˵
ӸлǼҷݸڵӪ˿ڣμͷǮ
μҵĵҷˣǮöȫһֹţô˵ʣлҴ٣
˵ǵضβ۸Щߣлϱ˼ӵǮװΰʲôģôҲǧЩǮۼҽ
ô࡭
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ͬ⣬ȻǻϸʹͣǾģԸžˣҵǮҺ취
Ԫü˽ģӦûʣ²٣Ӧãи󣬵һôӦ
һ˵Ͳµʲô¶ˡ
ԪĿУҶӦˣǰ˵ļ£
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Ѿǰ˵һΣԪڶἰԼǵĹûپò˼ǵĹˣ׼޸ˣæ¡
Ρ֮ǰδԪʲôɻ󣬡ڹʶĹ
ʶġԪûŴȥ򳡣ˡ
ֻһ棿Ρʡ
š
һѣҪȢ˼ңδ̫ʡ
ԪҲٶȿеСӹҼңôͷһԼȻĶĹǷݵá
˵𲻴Ӧɣ
ǲӦҾҪʱ俼¿ɲǶϷ㽫ڡ
ȢҲźأԪֹ
¸ĹϵΪһ뽩Ӳæе⣬˼ʮ꣬󻹻ˣһҶԵ
ԪԼСӲŻأ˶ǶԵʹһգ˵ҪȢǶϷҲڡ
Ρһۡ
Ρʣǹʲôã
Ԫ룬˵ڱûôãȴƫƫȢӣ͹ˡ
⻰Ը̣ȻģЩΡ˵

447Ҳͬ˵ף2

Ԫط֮Ρڵ˻ԡԪ£ô
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ԪҶʱĹ⣬񿴵һŻеķӦ
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ȴŰɡ񲻾ԼȱǮӴˣǮĵط϶٣ԪȢףʱóӦ
Ρ˵һֹЩǮҵľһ˵ģող˵ˣңõôǮڸõĵطԼ˵ģôöС
ΡȻʧЦĻ˯

ԪڼңΡһȥ˾
ʮ׼ʱʱҲպõ˾⡣
к֮ǰ˴š
ԪǰͷΡ˵¶æȰȰԪ
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448׮п1

˾ֻΪ˵๤˳ģŻ޵ԪлƳøɱĻ˶Ա½ϺүΡࡣ
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ǽֲʮлϱܲӦ˹ɣǼ׬⣬۶ϣҪ׬ǼҲˣ۾ǰ͵ģҪô򵥵¶಻壬ӻأ

449ÿɣ2

Ҫɣ¶ͲýˣԼһлҡ
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450󲻰Ԫүˣɺã1

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Ļδֻȵˣڵʲô
ԷѦҲûٿһ⣬һСѾ߹ø·

԰ڣԪѾҶΪѦĻû꣬ҲһƳСﻭ
ԪŻһԵҶԪүǲǾĲף
Ԫͷȷʵвס
ҶһԼĻͦţָҲԪүߴͽ̡
СеԪĿ΢ͷӨСɵĶȾ˵ĺ죬ΪԼָ¡
Ԫ˵û꣬öطû취ָһһٸвĵط
᲻᲻̫ףСЩԾԪүϾС
ҲͽôԪ䴽ЦЦ򳡣ӦҴģĪˣ
ûûʵˡ
ûͻʦʦͽΪɣ
ô˵ûż棬Ϊʲô˵֡ʶĸо
Ҷ˦˦ԴԪү뻭ʲôͼ
ԪͤоƣʳָƺüǰǷ˴˯ͻƺˡ
˵꣬ƺյߣӺһڣȻ̬򻨴ԡ
ммɽʯȥɢɢһɣһ𣬵ֳ°ͣһֵֻʳָƺ
걾ÿʱ̬˵а
Ҷỻûֽ̧ͷײߣԼһĨ޵ǳЦ
ƤҶջĿ⣬׼ûҪʼˡ
ԪЦû⣬ʱԻ
Ⱦ΢ɳ˸档
Ҷᶨ˶񣬿ʼñʼ⹴ջơ
ʦڣĻǾտģϧܻ԰ƽܻԻµˣȴΨϵı顣
СеĻѾþû
Ԫôˣ
ҶգСԲһá
Ԫ˾ƺ첽߹ͼҶѾһ࣬ط޿ޣΨһƬհס
һԪүϵ̬ҶŴȻͷһ£
ԪȴνҪٶ࿴Ҽۣ࿴û׼ҵˡ
Ҷƫͷȥ
ԪЦŻҵǾãŸһÿοӡеʲô̬ǻʲô̬
Ҷæ˵⻭ҲҪԪү߰ɡ
ΪΣ
УһδĻס
Ԫսɫ΢Ǿ󲻰Ԫүˣɺã
⻰
ƼС(԰֮ҽж):ִŮҽ˼ʧִԽ˱ԼСʮСϡ
ϧǣӵ˫ԸŮҽİһСҽּҵҰѾͷ
ʹôǰͺҰѾͷȢؼңôĴ޹Ǽʺۡ
ֻǣҰѾͷѿǸ̵Сӣ
һԽŮҽ¿ֱеİ£Ҳ˳¸ҡ
θСŰ飡
Ůҽ֣¸Ӵ峤ǿһһƣ
˫裬һһ˫࣡
PKУղأԻнôôգ3

451Ȣ2

⻰˵ģԺ
СдãȻƺּ̫֤˫۶
ԪӦγĿ⣬䣬𣿡
Ҷû̫ʲʲô
Ԫ˵ûãΪ̫ǳò࣬ûȥĥĥǼȡ
ҶԽԺˣΪʲôҪôã
ԪһȡҲУҵʱڻҡ
Ҷͷһʱ䣬ȷ޷֮ǰԻ̬۳û
Ԫ˵иʽСһաǶ˻ǶȻ˱ʣ͸иβû̬û꣬㻭ôþ˷ѱīԲԣ
Ҷ˵ͦԣŵͷ
ԪѾɵĻֽݸǵԼꡣ
ҶӹͣҶʮˡ
˵ʮ꼰ǣͿʼףȷʮԼѾ޻ǴֹС
Ԫ¶ѤЦü۷ң˵Ȣô
˰СȫûӦ˴ǵȦףֻǵĵʱ򻭲ˡ
Ԫ۵ЦԽڲҪھͺˡ
СޡһҾСЩŪ
á
˵̸ΪֹԪ˵һ»Ҫ죬ߣͬС̧֮߳԰ȥǰԺ
ϣ֮ǰȥûѦãͱڷˣΪԼƽʱ͹ĬԵģû˱Ȼܱһôʱ䣬Բ
㿪ͼԪͷŲسߡ
ЩԼɵ˷Ӧ̧ĿЦЦΣ
Ԫ鲻üӣȻš
ĿҶ᲻һϲֹ
ԪķӦԼеһ
ѦĪؿŶˣ˵ʲôأ
ԪЦնлѦҶ˾ʹ˸ǡ
˵ıӰѦüͷι
ǽյ׸ˣ
ԣղŰԪһֱڻ԰
ѦӦɫˣȹڲ԰壬ʱСͤǰͷʯϣͷİŽҶڵ⣬һ˫רעƺڳ˼˿δ
ȻѦһԼЩô
˵ҶŻعѦ㣬ô𣿡
ѦߵԱߣղԪǲʲôȴҶеĻ
ǰǷ˴˯ǸջòõģԻΩΩФ沿û꣬ѦҲѾԪ
죬ոոү
ǰҶʵԪү˵Ҹ㻭˴˯⣬Ҹһָָҡ
ΪʲôѻߣѦüͷš
Ԫү˵һǲģҴȥĥǼȡ
󣿡Ѧˡ
š
ǸѦЩֹ㰡ղŸָʱûжʲô
ûаҶҡͷ
Ѧǲģ˵֮ࡣ
ҶỹҡͷԪүֲǵͽӣôԵ޹ᱡң
ΪʲôҪְѻ£
ҶỹǸ𰸣ΪûɣҪ˵ǵһꡣ
ôԵİʾǸɵ
Ѧ̾һ
֮ǰһֱ벻ͨΪʲôҪҶ뵽鸮һȫˡ
ҪҶᣬҶģԪ
ָ̣󻹰ѻ£˵ʲôȡ
ֻ£ȢǱȡɣ
뵽ѦƳԱ˼ȻδĹۣүô
Ҷ룬˵ͦ˼ġ
˼Ѧ˵ۣ˼ʲô˼
Ҷ뵽ԪĻЦһͨĻѣֲʲôīȻҰæ꣬Ҹ󻭿Ѿˣ˵ûϵھͺˣ㣬˵ҪǸҿЦģ
Ҷ˻Դҵɵﰡ
ǲȻʲô
ΪŵСѦû˵
ԪҶ⣬ȫԼƲ⣬û¶д֤

鸮⣬Ԫǰ
֮Աߵˣǰˣ
үԳʧ𣿡Ԫһɴ⣬˾ҾȥҵȥӣýҶ˵ס
üӦˣ
ܺ棬ԪôżùĸԸ޸ġ
뵽ĳֿܣԪøӣòʲô°ɣ
Ԫһǰ˲ôô˵ʲôҶ˲£𣿡
û˫Ŀдšǡдšǡ
Ǹ¹ޡ

ص˾ԪˮһڣΡλã³عȥ
Ρͼλʦ齨Сͻ飬ԪֿܵͣϵĻӭȥʲô
Ҹ¶Ԫһǰ鸮ʱԴֺá
˵ΡԼĲ豭ƺ˿ڲ衣
÷ôȰˣҾҪȢҶͲģȥԺ󣬸ý˵£ǧý˸Ҷ˵һ״ԪίǼҹġ
Ρ²豭һ֮˱ĹֵΣ
ǲܹԪʮƶ֪ԼȢʲôϱ˵ˣһֵ̳Ķӣ𣿡

452иʮ˲ĵ3

ΡЩǡ
ʮͣǶԴ黹Ǳ£嶯ܻԶԶǡ
ΡûеһʱӦԪҲûǿз¶㺣˵úпϣҶ귽ʮģ֮ǰӦöף⣬ٵһ꣬һⲻ䣬Һý˵ףΣ
ҪһôãԪֹ͸żԹ
ΡһľԲԣԼ˵˲㣬˵Ҳ㣬ʱ֤
ĵ˵ԼȢƾʮ̬۹⣬һĳ̬죬۹Ҳת䡣
ʱԾɲڣô֤ľǶԵġ
ڽһϣǶԪǶԽΡһֱԴ̣й³Тһס
ΪֹûжԪ˵һػҲûΪɩζ޵簮
ΡĻ𵽺ܺõĽ̵á
ԪԭǺļģô˵侲˼˻ͷ֪ˣѵöԣ̫嶯һһ꣬Ҳ뿴Լѡ񵽵ûд
Ρż˵ˣ
Ԫ˦˦Դסʱ俼ģƷϣﵽ⣬ҶʵԪһ꣬͵ǿɡ
ΡЦãҲǲȢȥ׶УеѡһֻһΣ޷֤ʮԺ󲻻ڣûǶ໨ЩʱĥҪסκʱ侲Ầ㡣
ԪܽˣΡԹ޾ĸмлл
ȥɡΡ˵ҲҪæˣﻹһ¶
Ԫصİ칫𣬶Էں˶˾Ŀ
Ų̧̧ۣ˵ˣ
˵ˡԪ£ùһ飬ϲŭ
ʣʲôʱҶ˵ף
ʱȥˣٵһꡣ
ش⡣
Ρ˸ĵһӡǳأʲô侲ϣɵ˹
ϵԪһǻ飬ΡҲͬϾȥҶס
ģԪķӦ
˵֮ǰϣĸˣӦúܴŶԣڿȻû¶һ
в⣬ȥ֮ǰֻǿͷ˵棿
Ԫ鱾棬Ҿҵо仰˵úܺãңһľǶԻǴԼ˵˲㣬˵Ҳ㣬ʱ֤֪һǷ񻹻ͬңǷ񻹻Լѡ񡣡
ԣм˲Ϣû˵ʧЦ˾ةǻ̵ӡ
Щû˸˵
ٴӱչֻʮ꣬ޣںܶϣĽǶԶȫ档
ΡⷬҲ̡ܽ
Ԫ֪룬鱾Ͳĵ˵࣬ҵķʽ˲һ룬žҴС󶼻ԭ򡣡
ѵõؿһ䣬иʮ˲ĵ
ǡԪȻԺֱͦ壬˭Ȳҵ
ÿɷ

ԪҪȥҶ׵£Ҹһ䡣
Ρؼҵʱһ죬˵ԪЦҲҿСȥҪһֱǶ¶ֻ²ð졣
Ρ˵ԪԵĺӡ
ǵͣЩɱĳ嶯ֻҪĸĺúڻʲô

ֵˡ
뵽ɩԼ£Ρ˵毵ˣ๫ûȥʲô˼ң
ΡĬ˻ȥ¿ƽʿмδɻſһƷԶغأ毵Ҳ䣬£ĸ֮ý֮ԹȻҪǵýϺԼĿ˽̽̽ڷ磬⣬Ͱ࿴磬˼˽±˴ˡ
Ӧ£ͷԸȥ毣Ÿ
Ʋڻ԰ͤϱЩµĳʳ
Сһͱӵ԰
ȫϵʳºͷԡ
ȴоͻȻǽΪСۡ
ǲʲô¶û꣬˫ۿŵ
Ц˵㲻ȳԵ㶫
ֻӣ̰죬ûԶپ͸ˡ
죬ǰͷĺ毻ǲüǵãʹһ⣿
һʱûӦָ֪ķ棿
˵㣬ʲôķʱСòȥôãˣ
ٴ̸۵⣬Щ̣ҧҧҪ˵ĻҵȻ̣ʵϣˣҡԣҪճ̵ĻŰžˣ۹⡣
̽ôãͲйˣ
毴Цݱ䵭ĸŮҪ˵ûУǼٵģֻҷֵʲôΣʲôʵ
˵ޣȴˣָǴ
û뵽һССˣ鵽
ֻϧǰͷĲֻмһ
Ρǹ۵Ů毺ûбϵĲ࣬δزΪΡѡ빬ӵŮˡ
ԭڳԶ毵Ļ˰ģ毣㣬ˣ˭ô֪
СӦõĻ˵Ҳ֪
㲻˵ҵȻ֪ˡԾɲٸʵס
û˵ûӦĻ
񣬡㿴ûһ»Ҵţҡʲô˵ģ
ÿ˶Ȩ߱Լ˽ûʲôԹġ
ֿ꣬毣æˣ˵ȥ¿ƽʿδȢ׵ģƷòӶغأǾûУǵٹЩůˣǸ
ߴӣԷ޲ܻӣ˸ķģû⣬úþͺá

453ҪĴˣ1

ֶŮѵùһˣǳһ죬ٰͻȥ
ڼ䣬˷ûӾȽڣҪҲڼˣȽڵʱȥ̤࣬ٸͷ֪һʱҲȥ㿴ɲɣ
毻Ǹ𰸣žͺá
ϻСһۣǲʲô£ضûˣ㲻˵˵
ͽԺ棬ֻ毶ˡ
ЦЦʲô£ԼҪˣѾԾɻزЩܣһָŵӵʱأ
£ʾΪѾһ첻ָ䣬Ǿû취Ҿ͵Լûã̫ˡ
毵ͷתԪ˵翼ϽԪ˼׽֮ؾпϣĿĶΪ˴磬ҲСˣף
ûء
Ԫ¶ֶûһƲ񲻱˵жҳʮԣ۵úܣ׵¶ż
ڹﻹðɣʡ
ʵȥǻÿ칫û𴲶飬ѧģѧ䣬ȫûʲôʱ䣬½ܻͣؼҵĴҲˡ
Цô㣬ܸߣѧĶ١
ȷܴ󡣡һȫͬûд̣ܽԪԳû׼˯ͷˣĻܿϽԪ
СǽڴӵȻؽתƿ˵ˣ˵˵ɣô
ﲻǽȥæڼŴˡ
ãȽڴε˶࣬ȥ߶߶͸͸꣬һۣʣĴûϸղһʱ˵ӣһƥȥһƯѡ
Щ˼Ƕеġ
⻰Ͻӹȥ㲻ҪǾƥң۹رãϴɶʱʱ˿ʽأĽˣҲҪԼƯƯġ
ЦһĴƥÿɫһ׾ˣʣµӣ㡣
毿ãôͻȻˣأ
ᵽʶԼֱЩ㣬ûҿƫͷȥСһﲻϲҸֻýˡ
ڼҾͲ׵ܴܵһõܴԼð⡣
üͷ˵ȥһ¡
סˣƲڣµġ
СһӽƻԼԿûǶֵá
ҪǣϣСԼҸϳ
ȫȻû¶ϣĿƵؿ񣬡Ҹղ˵ȽڣҪǳУܲҲң
񿪿ڣֵôã˹ǼҺͬǼ֣ûôȥܵøҳʶɣһ࣬ǸʲôѾͷȥඪ氡
ʲôģûֻǿǵǸѲԸһͷܰ࿴¶췭ظ
ΪȻһСﺬž棬ҪȥҲУȫ̱ҵİţȽھһδȥ档
ĿƽھڵĻһشôϣͻȻǰ滨ګګصͷ֪ˡ
͸һ顣
ʱΪ˲ͷѵ⣬һ仰û˵毣ү̸Ц硣
ƲʴСȥֻⷿɫĲƥϣ˰ͻؼҡ
СƤԵԲģԼϣɣȥɢʳûʣôöһ
Сһүǰߣ˺ߣҸĽѧСУȻҽ⿪ˣû⿪ҲѧСУҽҲ̣ҡ
ɫÿĶˣ
˵ţǰסС첲Ҫƿӿ
˵ûҾҧһڣŲҵġ
뵽Ǹӣͷۣ´£Ҫһʱ˵֪𣿡
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СӡһۣõĲѧѧŹҧˣ
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£ȷܵͷΪһʱ֮ŹҧһСİҧ¶ʱ¹˶˾ͱ㣬𣿡
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ͣӣ˭ģ
СһͲ˵
߽۸ʱֻзŹҧŽб𣬱ķʽкֻ֣ܶҪ϶СԹϣһ뵽øķӣ˸ͷֲ֪ģŽĴ𣿡
СһﻹЩãȻӣҺµʱһæȥϿ˲ϣͺʹ뱳ʯͷסıؾ֮·ǵı׺͸֪ˣ²£ôģ
Сһ˵
գǴǰѧ޿ްȫˡ
СԴ˼
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СһǴѧʲôص˵Դ
񴽱Ц⣬СԴŶҪĴˣ²çòã
á

Ҫȥ̤࣬Ȼٲ˹۵ͬ
һ˶Ѿüûصزͨһϲ˭ϲŸյǰԺһǳ⣬ǸС˵ȻڶûϽʰһؼݣ

454һӡ󲢲ų⣨2

֮ǰ˵ǸӣһԲϾؼݡ
µָ˾ǣûǰߡ
վ˻Ѿͷ𻷿æѯʣηˣôҲûŷͨһ
ͷЦЦصǱͨģԭһϲţû롭
˫÷
𻷷Ӧܲ˼˵׼үˣ˵үȥ߾̺þδ飬̺ǹٱ۸ͷϣҪ̸ؼݡ
𻷵̫ţѾϰʣô˵
̲ȥ׼үͬ⣬˵ҲҪ˸ߡ
͵ЦҪʱ֣ܾ̣ܲ
ԥūҲ˵׼׼ү֪ھǻиôõչˣܻȽϷġ
ˡ
ѭǰߡ
ԽµԴԽˣǶ˵ˣҲġ
ûС˵롣ָʰߣʲôʱˣٻؾ
Ҳߡ¼֣Ҫڼ
ָòУ˶ڣظլʲôٱһΣ
һƷ󶼶ĸۡ˭Ҫ˸գ
Ҳܣ㵽߲ߣ
¾ûôˣŪúΣҪݵİһȥͰɣҸָӻ
ӻٸ۸
ֱˣ̫ˣ
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ԶĻôͻȻˣ
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ָ뵽ʲô˵һ徭̣ǼҪʲôѣʱңܰϵģĳԲѡ
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ͷһη±Ż߶߶
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˵˰ûӦ𣬻ͷͼȻ˯ˣֱӱЦ˾ʲôȥһ̺ӳϡ
ڶ˯˽ʱŻصļҡ
¶ܴ룬ȥȴŲ毺á
˸棬ϵ࿴ûг򳡣öԷԼҹ
Сȥ

Ƚ죬̤˺ܶ࣬ʫԾеԲӼ˾Ӷࡣ
毻ϸոƳĴѣһ
ѾڵȺʱ
毵Ĵ磬۵׻һĨޣѹ˼Ҷ˵Ůʮ˱䣬毣ɱǻƯˡ
ƳԱֲۣ˾䣬ȻˣҲÿǽûиĺá
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һӡ毲ų

455ҪٵûڸеǸ1

΢㣬ɻӯԶƳγεͲĵôɫŨҡ
ǰһҾʹ˾ةֶŮС㣿
ף˸毼ӡ
ûôڣԷ߲δ϶վֱӣм£бҪ̹ף⣬ôȨż̤࣬ۼ
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㶣Ƿλ⣿ˣɲǿԼ
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Щ⣬ÿһ꣬׽ĸʤӡûб˶ϣ
ôˣȻʽ򣬶Ļֹһң鸮ֻ֮һֻҸϣδǸͨġ
ǾϣߣֻǸƷСȥԸУԭдѵĻﱣ˵ڣԼ
˾ôãѲǵ֪С׻ÿ춼ŬԼΪǼţδزô룬ҲзɻڴΣֻҪȢ˱Ӳǧ𣬴Ӵ˾ƽһ·˳졣
毵ԤУμļʺС
û뵽˵ͨĻ
ɷϣʱ毱һ¡
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˫ȴգҲգؿ﹡̸ĶˣͣϣôǸ˵ദ
⻰˾òϿصҪǼһ棬һȺ˸ںͷ˼ô죿
ţǸʲôģˣαӡ
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ϿڣѾվǶԵսĵǣǾţȥ

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Ȼ֪룬ѯʵڼλûмСŮ·ŷɫȹôߡ
һ仰ûȥ㶵ض
ڲԾֻһ
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ͷСòд󾪣ѿڶѾ
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456ϣҲһϣ2

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ŶһϣҪ涩ףҽļױǲǱ߳
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լ£ΡܣĽ񣬡Ȩôô
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Ժ̫С˵ﶼ
ΪӰ쵽毣ϱקס⡣
ҹĸŮվڽϴ۵Сۣӣһ˦ͣŽӲ֡
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꣬ٲĸķӦӣǰȥ

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ΡʵûɻԼŶӳȥתת
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ֱͻȻһֻȵĴưƫͷ΢䣬ǳ˶еţᴫҥԣҲᣬƾͼơ
һʱûӦʲô˼
Ρû˵ֻǻصԺ󵥶Ըȥ¡
ʵûܵȵԼ˯ˡ

ϱҹһ£ȱǮױⲻûչܣζɸһȥʳڼңһú̸̸
ζ첻ͳţϱɫ磬˯˸Ҳûû˷ζߺ󲻾ãʹԼе㻨Ǯųš
ȥؤӣǮǰҥɢȥ
֮ʱؼңϱζ౦毶ûѣվԼǰĿ⿴Ѿ͸ֻ࣬һ۾Ųߣµؽ˷һ춼ûгԷҲ
죬صȥͷ̽ؤǴҥԣôһҲһ

460Ȼ2

ؤǴģ˻ʿף˵ǰǳضԶݵ˾ة׶һѣڹٸʲǰ£˻Ƕɹѹء
УζɼҵĶŮ˶зܲȳ׵ܣҧͦʱ̵ТŮ
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˳ǣ֪ôӻ
̫ûԶСһƬ㲡
ŲԾǲĲȥҽݡ
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վԭûֻǿ
ϱֻ
ѵõģûаĸƿֱֻû˵һ仰
ϱԼȥ˳ݡ
վ̨ߣ෢ཹཱུ
񣬼Ľæ˼ҵû
Լˡϱһ˵һӳóС룬׼ʢࡣ
毰ӵݸȻˣȥҡ
Ļ˵һƢҳߣѾͷһء
˵˵ȥҲô¶
毡ϱס˺һſڣ˵һúý̵Լĺӣٲˣ̥
šף̧߳ݣطʰһԼĶ
ϰŵʱ򣬼վſڣ˫һգգض
毱кһھֹߵĻֱʻȥĿ⣬ڼϣתš
̤ż˲ǲҪȥң
ƽʲô𣿡
Ҹһȥ
ϱ򿪳ӣһ䣬򴽣ҪȥĻȺ࣬ȥ
ձĶӣվûټ֡
ߺӹϱС˽ݡ
ϱԱߣȰЩԣţôͻȻҪȥң
Ķͣ¡
ϱΪῪڣȻġ
ݣ赹ѩȥİ
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ϱĹעǰϣֱӱŵѪɫ㡭
ȥˡͷ˿࣬׼ɱֻһϷȫûϡ
ϱµظؿڣɵӣô뵽ѾѾûˣҪٳ¶Ҹô찡
ἰѾºӣվҲˣھȥҡ
ϱһʣ룬ûԱְǰĵİ˼ϣȥݱ϶ӣŸһ߳ͬ
мҳУϱֱμҡ

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ҧסܲң
Ȼֻܾǲԭ򣬡ôڹͻȻ
ǰ毲ҸϺϲټһ£¶
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֪ġ毵ͷҼǰ͸ðҲӦˣֻͻȻƢǾʳҳߣŪüﲻҪŴܵܣ߲һֱû
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ʱڳݸȣӦͣˡ
ͷУ֮ǰԺӰɣÿ춼˹ȥɨģͦɾǰûʲô
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񿴳Сüۼƣ̬ԸҪǾһͲˣúϢһ£ٸү˵һǡ
毻ͩԷ֮ȥ˻ûţͱ֪ǶĸŮˡ
ɴǽɡ
ʱϱپӡ
ѾԸƲʵ˲裬
ϱŶһ¡
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Щû뵽ʲô
ֱӣ̧񣺡Ϊҵ£ûٲģһΪ˸лҷ㣬ллô֪Լлȥļֵ
˵꣬ͷڵذϡ
Ʋʹ˸ɫƲʺܿ߹ȥ
ֻǰһ˵ģҪжĻøжǡ
Ŵ
Ȼ뿪˺ܶ飬ɶڵĸ뵽һԲ˦Լϵƣһʱ֮ԭ£۸ж
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ֻȻǷԭĸʲôʱԭ£ö죬ָָϵĵģĸŮ˵õ㶫ףǱæǳзٻȥ
·ϳļģûʲôθڣüۣЩֹ
񿴳ǲл˵
˺þòžڣ˵ƷԱһĹݵܷǰ˵仰Ǹҡ

461ǧ꣨1

ҪĹݵȫϣСѣĹûеôڣͷϿγ̷أ㲻ǲУÿǺãûҪװ׽ȥ˷ʱ䡣
ԴǿУΪûûزҪȥѧҴҪû汾£Ƕ棿
ϱһͷˮ洫ʲôˣ
򴽲
ٸǼҾĹݽҪˣѧҲ߼·͵˶٣ĹͷŮѧ٣ȥԺ󣬲ҪʱȣӸվգ֮⣬ѧôദʲô¶
һһ£лл
˵䣬ǱҪҪڴ
ŶϱСһư죬ˣϴ
үүȥץҩ֮ǰ˵зԣʱû
Ϻֻܰ΢ľ׽Լʱڵ
ǽʰ꣬ϱһ䣬ŸǷֿԷˣ
˵ûУŽȥץҩˣոȾ˷纮أͬϯ
ҵȥ
µҪϱҲòԼӲͷƤ˵ôһ䡣
ûĸŮȥ˸ٰá
սžһԡ
η纮ͣҩڲҩζòɢ
վڸſڣϱС˵Ҽ޵μʮ꣬ƺûô
ӡУӴǾǿƵģɻһ֣ͷһݣ۶ɸӣ治ŵġ
ڣ洫Ĵ̵һ˶˵Ļ㱸С
Ѿ٣ӹǱȲôǰ˾ײ
ʵд󲿷ԭʱĲϼǻɵĶʱţ˻㿵˾Ǳӣʲôź򣬷гë
񻹼ǵЩϼңѩõȥɻҲÿηҪȱ˶ഩУ費ܶϣҲţϲڻߴ
ٴδԣϱ뵽˶ԼҲñо
ס񣬡ûӣǲҪȥĺãù˲ֲܺҩʱǸ鷳
˵ţζ౦ҿŶӡ
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ΪŲû̼
ǲ뾡ТֻǺӸΪҪ
ȥ˼ζ౦С֣СһѾ·Ҳ
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뵽ԶݵĵܵǸСһҲܰڻϣѾδŻµĵزûһ
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ϼᣬЩ¶ʱ£źͼĸչţټûôֲིڶ̥ҪھȻûˡ
˼һͷðʣµļȫȥپӡ

ݡ
ڴգ纮һֱûãÿٽʳҲ٣˵üۼٲյǿ
оôϱһɿ⣬Լڴǰ£һʻһָҴҴǡ
۾ͫкѪ˿
ɶǲˣԴϱ̬Ծû䡣
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Ӻǰͷʮ꣬ҲûúһˣӲˣ㵹оƨƨߵشԶϹǵſЦʲộ
յ촽˻ϸĸ˵ëϱţúЦˣ֤û¶˵ȥץҩˣһǻҸϡ
šûɼеźңҩûȡ
ϱδҩһҪģںȲȣǾͿԸˡ
ӻ˵ʲôӿߵĿˡ
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ⶼûأɶǵðҰ֪ͨӲСŮ֪Լˣ˲죬Լֱִͣӣܲ鷳Ͳ鷳Ҫײˣ֪ͨҲü
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ϣЪšϱվȥûС
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ϼһ̫̫Ͻݿš
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ϱʵǰߣҾ͸ǧֻ꣬ء
񣺡㻹˵Ͳһ㿪
ϱƺܲӣҲ˵ˣҪҿǰú
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⻰
ƼѩġũСҽޡʷŮֳ˫ֳŰֳ뿴ĶУҽһۣллգ

462̼2

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ϱ³ۣѹǰ˵ͣײ˭֪һźأɱ˵ص£ڷĭҲ䵱ϱ
⻰֪ôأûƲȥϱſͷ
౦С벻ϱߣȻҲ¡
ôæСһȫڼƲʴŽѾ߹ȥһϤϤվȥɡ
ɻͷͶ౦·ģʱ˳ҵҲù
ѵС뾡ТûãѾһȥƶ毵Ľֽ˹
ƽʱĴլӺַܿǳ
ʱϵŽȥҩץĲҩ
ϱһʱӭȥҩҰɣ塣
ϵؿѾ֪ʲôһڽͣɩ֪Ųˣصع̼ģ˼͵ߡ
ϵ̾겻ͻȻ£һҲ֪ɶʱܼãɼҵ̯ӱæɩϼҴڵعֻӰ첻С
ЦѾɩТҲӦͱôˣҪģܸϽ
ϱڣϵȥӣѽȥԺ
ŴǷСһүүȥʲôСһûɵ˵һѺóԵġ
ͻط˯ɣһܵ档
ܵܡ֣ʶ˿Բ࣬ԼСζ౦̫˵վǶ
͵ޣֻҪֽڿʱָɾģȥ
౦ǻСˮۣΪݵĶѣһ࣬ð׾ȣֵܣüм
±ſСһգ۾Щظøӡ
֣౦кóԵġ
౦û̧ͷȥ
ܣǶżģˣ
СһƶǶӲš
ȥҲû취ֻܸӵСһ֮ǰûôЩͱˣϽĻط˯˯ȥ̡
ޡһŲӻԼ䡣

ϱҩ˵ŷ
ӳͷֵúܣ˭ˣ
ϱûչ˲Ǯ˼СѾͷϼͷǹء
Ӷ˹ҩ룬Ųһȹ⣬еˣȻѾź㻹ߣ
ϱ类ϰˣҲƤֲǲ֪
ʵûʲô񣬶ϱ䲻䣬ҪǾ䣬˽衣
˻ʲô裿Ӿͳɡ
ϱվȥ³﷭˷ҵһµĺޱŸϡ
ڼһֱȣϱٲø˳ιˮ˯˲ųȥ͸
棬ô
ϱҡҡͷŵӹƺϼҲ˺ܶ࣬ǰӲηˣޱ䡣
ӻǰ̫ǿˣû˿ǹҲϣҲᲡҲվҪźһ졣
Ǳô˵ϱʡ
̫ҽ˵겻ͻȻֹֻ̫ۣǸȾ纮ҲһأԶʱڿû취ת
ϱ뵽ϵţ˻󣬰ùѪͷ찡ǲˣÿɶûŴҪˡ
Ц
˭˵ûŴΡһ㶼š

˯һʱתѣһʱԺݼöڣһʲ֪̲ˡ
йⲻȥôң
˯ѵӣôźţ󲻹ȥʸˣ㶼һ
򴽽ǣȥ
˯ʱȥšϱֹ֪ǽ˵ģ˵ҲǶŹŵˣЩʱȥ˵䲻ǵġ
ôһ˵毴ȥٰõͷȴҲûԺ¸ͻζ౦ԼԺȥ档
һ죬Ƕ̼û˯ò׵ȶϱȥٰźŵڶκҩѰС˻Ҳ˻Ρͻˡ
ƲͨʱΪΣ۾ſͦεӰѹ๫ô磿
ﲡˣֲչˣҸʦ˵һǰõġ
Ρ˵ţù¼õıȥ󻻡
˸ǷɩŮ̼๫վͲôˣżæŵϣҲġ
ΡѵĶͣ٣ɩ毹ģ
šҪסԼŵл¶˵һ飬ɩ˲֪ģ̼Ҳʱ⡣
ҲáΡ֡
˷ּô꣬Т˳ʱȫװϹ˲ˣҲʱǼТ
๫һ¡ٶȴ˵ȥĹݣܷۼҵ
Ρʣֶȫˣ
ҡͷ֪ʣ˵ˣ˰Ҫٲõ汾³¶๫档
Ǿ͸ɡ
һѣΡڸСƽϡ

463ʲôңôҪô1

ѣΡȥһٰá
ϱոι࣬żΡЦŴ˸к
ΡӦûкһ㡣
ϱԥŸҰʱࡣ
ʵϣȰء
ղŸι࣬һھ͵ÿϺþãһιԵ˲̹źҲۡ
Ρû涺ֱȥݡ

ӵӿ죬Լȳ
ȰѿȥӲɽôͻˣ
Ρû˵ԼǰؼңŽûʲô¡˿ԻûĲ
˵Լͦãкתˡ
ô˵ΡĬ˻취̫ҽԺ
˵ͨԱûʸ̫ҽģƾŻϵĳ⣬ҲҪˣܹܲһ
֪ͦæһҡͷɣ鷳ˣû¶ûȡȿȿȡ
û˵ֿ꣬ʼϣŴһȾʹطۡ
¸ΡҲĸܡ
£ʲôҲˡ

߳䣬ϱվ档
Ρǰ˵񲻱̼ӣͷɩЩˡ
Ӧġ
ϱ˵ѾˣҪҪ»򣿡
˼Ҳһϣ纮ڣһϳô˭˵
ҾΡ֡
̫ҽҽھǺҪҵģֻܼϣ̫ҽԺܷ뵽̫ҽΡ޷֤

ζ̯ؼҼһ˶ûУ뵽пЩŹ˲֪ﲡء
Ӻ˵ڶҩЩһȥ
ֻϲˣʵϣԼصʱԼͷǸ˵ġ
毸˵˻ѾͷǰЩţʳɹû
һû˵ףҲ֪㲻ɹֻܿġ
ϱӹȥⶼȵ˻оıˣ
Ӿ͵ŮֲŮ㲻ӹġ
ԴǼĺ棬ϱֻʵӶӡͦõģĻͷӦ˵׵ӣҪ֪࣬͸Ͻĺʱ˵ףǳ׶ķݶ
毿̴䣬ֱġ
Ȼ˼⻰̹ˡ
̽Ļǰ̣Ҫҳ޵ʱ򣬻ǰͷء
ͻȻЦһﶼ˵ˣǧ꣬İɣʱˣǲеضѡ
ζ⻰üС𣬡û¶ͺָɶ
ϱΪ˴̼ţ䣬Ҳû˵
Ӱڰ֣ȥɣ̫ˣúܣҴ
ϱŮ϶ӣһӡ
ζɻҪչ⣬θĸ͸ˡ
ϱźһ죬Щۣڸϴ裬˯һЩŰࡣ

ȻѾһ£Լⲻ岻ӦΡǰ
ΡСĹʽѧȥҲǲУҵ㻹ûȫȥҲϣôŰɣڼҵȰ꣬һʱѧЩ֣½ûôྫҪŵչ˶౦𣿡
֣صͷлл壬ˡ

ߺΡô֪毻½
ʵҲѲ³ΡߵýͷҪӵĻ϶ܵһʱ֪
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ΡǵЦ˼Ϸʣδ֪
뷭ۣδҪǻδ֪Ե֮ڶʮ껹ûȢϱ𣿡
ΡһЦô֪Ҳڵ㣿
⻰˵ãͻȻӿ죬ȡңʲô˼
ΡûлشֻǿԺӣúЦ
Ŭ롣
Щ£еʱɺϣͷִ塣
ѹһֱ벻ͨΡΪʲôῴ
ٿʱ־Ԫӽң
ˣȥѧǼûв˵ˡ
Ρÿɷ۽Цۼ
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˵û֣ᷢǱʶΡԳ˲ˣֶε˾ӡ
˾¶βͣһʱ֮Խܡ
Ҳʲôʱˣֻ˵ȢңﲻһȥףǵõţҲ̫̫թˡ
ΡԣζƸ׼ˣͶͱ˵ȢȢ
ƶԼ굽ƾʲôϰˡ˾ӡĸֵģ
⣬ֹСﶼƣϹȥ𣿡
ССĿɲСΡ˵ҴûԹˣתһСҲȥˣ
˵ЩԤвþ뷨˵¶ϸȣ˼Ȣ㻹Ȳһǰɣ
пܡΡ֣ЦϾ˹Ϳʼתˡ
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ھֻֻֽƻϺ꣡
ĥһ̣͸оײȵĻΡӵΪԼ⣬ʲôңôҪôҪΣøͬѨᣬõĻû׼ɵȥȢ㡣

464õûУȫռ2

ΡƾŹϵ뵽̫ҽԺԺӿ
Ժװֿ˿̫ҽķӣϵҩûʲôҪԭǻ߲أԶʱںѻָ
Ժ׸˰ģҩζҩ»Ĳҩȥ˼ʹˣܲסҩ
һָʱӳպǿЧҲʼָ񣬽ʳࡣ
ڴ˺üգȥɹɹֻ̫Ƕϱã˵ͷһȥָֿ
ӳŶϱȥé˼СѾߵȰԼܵվš
̫˵㡣
ʱôͷϢ
ȥϹͷɢˡ˵ţп뵱ϼң۶ûôǴ򼸸磬Լ뽪ȥû¶ˣڣ͵ģһװ˲УҲС
Ц⻰˵ģɵ˹٣ܲ͵ȥũɣ˵ˣ˳ʱʱиͷͦҲ̫ˡ
ԸӹǣԸӲǺͿˣ˼꣬Щ˵ҲǰЩܵҲ֪ϼǱ߶ɶɩ˵ۼϷӹˣҪǻڣҸ㹫ٻȥסꡣ
ȻЩ˼飬ٺãչ鲻ĵطһݾҪǾóͷϲϱһ£ȥׯסӣǵض徲ҪвסĻԸŵ軧һȥǣڻϼң¶ͱˣ˵Ҳͬ⣬ҲܴӦ
ûִϼӶûУڻȥûаٵĵطܲסڱ˼ңһ컹УȨͣӾˣʲô
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뵽ʲôСҵߵﴧСģһܳ𣿡
ɣôɣⲻǻѾźͷİɣҿ˭ҲܹԼ˵ˣҪʲô¶Լǰ֪׼СﰲȻܷ˰ɣ
ϱé޻źվͷ˵զȥ
ŤŤӣɵö첻·ˣջϱţȺȫȥׯסٻ
ϱû˵Ŀת
˵ѾӦˡ
ϱǡⶼھȥׯϸɶ
ھզˣи첲ȶķһ˵ң㹫е÷ùǰţ˵ϼҼ棬˳ѷһޣסһӣɱһżء
ϱˣвסȥš
ϱϾûǼסһ飬ò⣬ٴο
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ɾǲ̫û˵Ļ˵ֲɣѲһʱ򳣳Сһͳ˸棿

465ɹɺڵ3

СѾǵľź֮£ӵķ纮𽥺ת
ǰѾϵȥׯסһ£Ƚٻ
⼸һֱ޸ϺͶȥׯϵöȡ
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Сһͦ᲻õֱΡվڴſڲ
ЦؿҪǲȥͲҪǿʡ˯ׯϿ˶ˡ
ԣͦͦظ˭˭С
ȥ᲻õìܲìܣ
ɿС˻ȻʣȽܼܲˣ
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꣬ߴүѾȺþˣ㻹ߣ
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ΡѾ̵һ
⻰̫ϣʲôУ㲻
ΡݸģȻ

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˼λӻǸɻѣׯͷһ㶣̫ү̫̫λǡ
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ҡСצӣʾΪ˿㣬ȥ֡
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죬ͷӵ뷨ǲͬģŶȥ֣
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ӻǾòףڼöཿС첲СȶϸƤģһվɹɺڵ
ϵ֣ɵıǰŵ̽Ҳͬ£һһ£
ҭҭٿСẓֲֺ̇ģЪźòãҪƣȥҲɣ̸ҿܳĴȥ˯һǾȥץ㡣
СһȻԼ˵Ļͦεģܾȥ³˯ʾҪ֡

һԺ˳ĳշĵ
Աߵװ˰֡
ϵӶͷǰһſӣӸ˸С¨ӣװһ֣Ȼô֡
ѧϰͦǿӲʾһͼסȻүүʼɻ
ͷһµأСһʣæ磬汻ɹСڵ
ӳһѾСԽһѾ

466δҪף1

ӺϵŽߺû죬ҾȷӣΡе֪׼ȷʱ䣬ǰһսͻȥ
㸴ӣֻԼĸý˴߾ͳɡ
ˣϱ³һӺóԵдýˡ
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毻Щı֣ҡҡͷûУҲ֪ΪʲôǱ˸Ƶģҵʱ˵ٴ̶˵Ѷ౦ڼչˣõĳȥ⣬һʼͦ򵽵ܵͷ۲˼նûʲô֣룬ǱЩԸƵаˡ
ЦʣЩ㶼˵ˣ
Щ˼ʵ̫ˣʱڽϲСģôҲ֪𣿡
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毺Ȼһˣ񣺡ҳ޵ʱ򣬴𣿡
Ҳ֪ԪԴڴ֮ûٿʱ䣬ɳ֮գܵ˱ţο㲻Ϊ˱ҲϣԼȫ˶ܵ
СϣĿ⣬ЦЦİɣʱһǰ˵׼׼ٻ
毵лʵҲ׼ģңҾͺˡ

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֪ԥƬ̣ʵ˵үƷãһͺǴӽܽơ
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Уʲôʱƺˣ
֪Թ꣬ųǰȵĹƣүҪҪ
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Ԫ֣С֪ҪңȥɣǱүÿαû೭һġ
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һʼԪûʲô͸ĳѹͲȤù͵ͦãո빬ƴʦƴʦǷµõɮҢڷУƴʦµӣǸ˼пҲˡ
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ԪŸﵽػˮأͼҢһͷ
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ԪڻԺ󣬼˸Сʯӳӹȥ
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Ң𣺡ˣ徻

еʱ򣬻Գôһ˿˿ľɵ˷Ͻ̣ԪѾ޷пκ
ֳ׵ŵľƺһ֮ľ롣
Ҳ˵Ҳûлỹ𣿡
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Ԫ˽ΪչΪȻôͷΡ
벻ͨҢΪִҪҡ
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չͷӦöȡ
Ңһ˲ĳĬ֪ʱȻ֪
ԪⶺͲҸǣ
Ң̧ۿ˿ҡͷ޷

467زȥ2

Ң˵תԪһקס첲ܸܲңΪʲôҪңΪӵܣûоִѣҲܾʹ˿ƺ쳾ǲͷʲô飿㻹ʲôԸûɣ˵Ұ㡣
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ǽʳģ뵽ڻڽ̫ãԪҪҪȥ
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ԪֻʱԽܣֲѰٻϵ֧ôԶʲô
ֻǿ
Ԫúúãȥȥ𣿡

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Ρһˣɻ󣬡أ
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ΡһƴʦӦ빬ҢΪµӣҲ֡
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ķɵľΡ־ûʲô
Ңʺռңңһ֮򣬶ŲõĹޡ
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Ң֪ôջʺĻÿ˶ӦôռҼүŻţɴûʹ벻Ҫ벻뵱١
ǱܣǴˤǱ˻ݣʵûôԹֻиطסŷӱİˡ
ջʺ˵ôŰɣһ˵֪ͨһʱҪ֣ĸܴаŵһǶһϷ£ҲճΣ
Ң̧˿ǰͷԼʦǰ֪һȻתͷջʺع

ռҸŻʳǽһĹչ򸾳ջʺ
żӵģǰϮЩȥ
չɫҲÿӥ׶ӹԴϣСģͷأ
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Сģչֺһ˵
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ΪʲôУ
ŵӣطŵĹأ徻š
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Сġߵߣ
ҢŲ
úӣģɵĨȥᣬȰǲˣ㻹׻Ȣ˭Ȣ˭Ҫʲô͸ʲôòã
ҢΣ̧ͷ˵ͬŵôȫˣ
ǻеģûȡ
㲻ȣҲٻסҢ̬ȼǾͱȰˣԸ水ǵҪȢӣҿܻһѻ

468ܲ΢Ҫ1

ôȰҢǲɿڣٴСģ浱˺Уôѽ
ȥ֮ǰ˵ÿվͻȥôöûعңֻܽŽ֮ȥÿθ˵Ļ٣Ϊһ
˭һӲ䷢Ϊɮ
ԵʹļףҢֻߵͷǺТ
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չӣüͷԼȻ볯μͷĶȴûٹע
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֪Сȥ£׼Ϊ˴̼ӣСԴֻ䷢Ϊɮ־
չͦԶ˲Ϣ֮ΡͷϿ˺ôһʺӡ
ҢúͷۣΪʲôǾҪ
ջʺĲվҢ˵䷢ȫԼ⣬˭ûϵ
չһӣ㲻ţȥˡ

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ϴСȥׯϣΡţֻʣ毺͹Ůͼ²ϵĶϱ
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⻰ϱҲֻ
ߵ⣬Զͼһǳɫ۵ŭڴʯʨվš
кһֱӾͿ̫ˣҶӵ㣬Ϲ˶ѾĻ˼ң㻹ȥ̼䷢Ϊɮμ˻ҪҪ
λչһ̫֮һȫƤΪñøס
Ҫı£Ρȥݲ鰸ʱ̹ˣ±ô䣬δ¶ļ
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СͣǾиСӣںĹݽѧʱĽңΪԭ˼ңֻʱǴУǰЩλүͻȻ䷢ĺУүΪҴȥµʱӸˣӲŻĻڳ׶š
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⻰ֱӰЦ
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˵꣬ջʺǱô˵
ջʺ̫Ѩô˵ŵΡ˾˾ةûϳţôһ²̨ܸ𣿡
չߣҶӳ˺Уҽһôˣ˵ˣǼøøַھӶˡ
ջʺǳ˳飬ôǸͷܲ΢Ҫ

£Ρ˾˸ˣ˵Ҫһ֮ܵǼˡ
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ɩķӦܵ毲ɵǣһô죿
Цİɣ챻ñǿð̣ˡ

469׮2

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չ뵽Ǹ˵һûμҵǹ̫̹ˡ
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ʲô˲⡣
ȥȥôʲô

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ӺͶŲʣ񲻿ûĿĵ
չͷ֪βĴˣ䴽ЦЦǷ޸ΡֵĴ٣һ˽Сı䷢Ϊɮ¶μ˸ۣܲܰ쵽
ʵ˵Ρа˱ȡܣֻӦһҲ̫ѡ
£̧Ŀֱֱչǰ˴£ܷӦһ󣿡
˵үѵõĴ󷽡
Ҳ褵͸żį³֮뿪ռҡ
Ҫ󣬻һЦϵף߾ߣռʲôط
ǻ褾ѾĻ䣬û첻뿪ռҡ
չ䳰ȷԼ򶨣һʱ۲ŻʸµҷͺѲٴȥֻΪ׸̧֣߰ɡ
չû˵
һԹ˵ȻҪߣүȫǺˡ
һ򲻴ĸŮȻ۲Ϊ
չȴšüͷǲأ
ıľǶκһ֮ȻȨ˭ȥ˭ִⲻϣôҲ޻˵
ǰչûôע˽Ůղŷ֣ȻǸѪԵģߣ̸͵ó汾
֪һᾡ

Ժ˿뵽˶þ뿪ռңʱת
ûлԼԺӣ褾ֱȥס
ڸĻüιʳЦüᣬ褶ôˣ
ҸոȥˡߵԣӦңֻҪҰɾ뿪ռҡ
Цգʳϴ֡
Լ뿪ʱķӦЩ²ӣ㹻ǳȥˣξҵģһߣòã
Ÿɽսִ褵ռңҸоԼòˣǽ꣬ʬûʲôֱʱڽϣһͦĽЩ䣬ûǮµλߣǻʵζ뿪ռңζ롣
Ѿۿ
;ûв廰һֱ˵꣬ŻعͷһЦ뿪ȻˣҲ˵ˣܱ֤һ𣿡
Ҳ֪ҡͷãֻ֪ԼȲ뿪ռңԶˡ
û褵ľκۣ̫󽻸û֮ǰ뿪ռҡ
˵δ̫Сչôةˣֻ޳ܣԣôһûõұQ
νΣյĵطȫĵط
ռңϻռŮͷڴɱ䣬һ뿪롣
ȥ½ùãһа취褿ʼ취
ùã
½Ҵ̡褵˵ǰͷλԸˣԸһΡڻ¡
ǣ½̲졣
Ҿԡ

䰲
죬½ƽ۲ڡ
˵ռˣǸܴŮҲ˽
밲褽ţ
褣Ҽǵ㡣ǿɼׯǺܾ֮ǰˣΪң
ͨһǹ£̡
ǶŲ裬ϲжݣʲô£
Ըһˣָ·
˭
Ρ
ȡ
ֻǸѵ
Щ⣬ʲôޣ
ңǹ褵ΪΡ򸾱С䷢Ϊɮԡ
û˵꣬Ѿֹ̧̫ûע¶ˣֻǰ鵽׮ҪãȥҪûãҲû취
ߵͷָ㡣
һλϣǰѰ½۵˽ŮΡλԪʵɩֻԪ˺񲢲֪£Ҫ뷨絽ҵˣǾкϷˡ

470Ϊﱨ𣿣1

ǵڼѰͱ壬ع˽ŮҲƲĲο
οʲô
οδز֪£ܻһϣֲֺô
꣬ǿҽ㻹ǴԪ֡
褴ţûʲôӦ
û뵽ϾȻ˽Ůû뵽˽ŮԭҲԻ
ΪʲôиةĵһƬҰ
ץŲ豭褵ڲ
Ƴ쳣ôˣ
֪Լʧ̬æ񣬡û£л㡣
˱𣬴뿪
ԭлҪ˵ȴүˣæŮ褳ȥ
ϹûͿʼ
ԼĸΪЩ꣬ԼΪûС˳Ц
ûˣ۸ǳе¡
ĸ׸˭죬ʵйڴڴԼӴϮϣôǰ̤˶ʲ
ɵռŷ֣լȱģŮÿһ󣬲ܵճڿһҡβĹ
еΣǴһجתƵһجΰˡ
ֻиڰ
ǰ½ңҲ˽Ůʱ褲ԼһǼʶԷģԼһĳȴܻԼһֱɵӣôء
ˣˡ
洫
˼³˳Ǯ֮š
ﲻ֪ʱԺӣǵȺѾá
ĿɨϵʳУָԵģ
ᣬ˵ǰûԶš
⻰褱סþ÷
ϴֹ˳ǺþòŵûŴ׼Сʱˡ
褺ͷ֮ߵ¡
ʳóҶŵŴ׼СʱԼÿϽ֣վŴ׼̯ǰߣڵļŴζ¡
ְ˺ҶҧһСڣϤζ
ƻȥỽһ
꣬˵ȳԶ
šûٳ
һĸŴ׼褳ʣԡ
￴ӣʧЦһ褵ǰ˵иãŴ׼óԣֻСʧٺܶˣҲ֪ڲ뿪ռңȥС̺òã
ﶢŴ׼˻Եͣôˣôܻҵõ
Ǿҡ˵ֻҪ뿪شĺΪңߵģû׼ôһأ
˲ˡֹ⣬֮ǰȥ½ң̸ʲôˣ
ĸǰ褴ѣʵ̸ңǰ˽Ů˵ǼҳԪΡֻ˶ԪСࡣ˵һúˣǲǾɵŵ񣿡
ԸΡ
룬ǹ룬Ҫ̸ұô
һʧˣʲô
űʤľģûпǹʧܵ³
ΨһĻᣬʧܡ
ǵõǸָô£лǰƣǸ棬ǾͶһָһ֣ѹ
Ǹָ˼µجΣô᲻ǵã
ÿԾɾÿ¡
޴룬ûб·ˡ
УֻҪԸ⡣
ʲô
ûмŻشЩſգʲôڹϵʱлԼȴڴǰϦ˶ڲòǿнԼҰ˼ɨسţһŮӣȥģ뿪ûãҷԼУ뷨һ·ϣҵǸˣ֡
˾Ҳŷ֣мңڹǻһʱǿռң涼ȱŮˣֻһͨòͨºҳʲô벻
֪ǸңҾȥҲ·һֻİ֮飬Ӧöǵá
ôû۱Ŀӣ褶ѵͲ𣿡
褵ܿ챻𣬡ޣҺޣô죿
ޣ취ۣǣűߣԶֻһöʱпܱӡ
褻ǲ̫ףܷ˵
ȥɽԸΡɹҲֻһʱȣʼձҢǹ󲻹ʲô°빦
۵׵ãȻݸҢ⵽ɱ˾Ǹ㣬˵᲻м㣿
һˣСԴʱٰԼŪˣĸУôӽ󣬹Ͳòҡ
üͷôһû취뿪ռң
ʣ㲻Ϊұ𣿡
𱨳褵ʱü¶ķռңΪʸٻ󣬶Ϊ˸𣿡
ѹصôΪĸ˵˰
ףĸŮ˸Լһһԭɵϣ˴˳뿪ĸ޷⿪ҲĿ
ã֪ˣӽҲ뿪ռҵ£ֱΪֹ
˵ţַƾҪôɴɱ
ģֻҪͷӦԸΪСˣһᰵаһж׵
һ𣬺ʣܷ˵ʵ׻ж¶Ҳ֪ģ
һЦ֪ʱҲ
褿ŶŮˣӡеüۼȴǰδй
褲֪ǸϲĸӲһأǸѹĸİˡ

471Ů2

Ļûٹִ뷨ӶԸΡȥǰ˵Լ鵽μҵһ׮ҪȥһҼ֤ˡ
չδɣֱӷ
Ȼ˻˵ɽִ´̿ͣȫǳүȥģҺôﵱʱ·Ϊү˵ΣʹҪҪȥ
ɱ֣չƤ£ŵˣСô
үãֻǴ
չԭûǸŮһ뵽Сĵľˣ¾÷꣬ҽȥˡ
ŵ˸ҪߣչȻָı⣬ˣһˡ
¹ٿ޿䣬չ˷Ϣʱ֪ʳ˸ֱɽ

¾ᡣ
ΪʧѪԣƴʦڸ
Ңðò׵ȵŴ򿪣æʣʦΣ
ءƴʦ̾ǰҹֻ¡
ģʦѾɽ򣬴㡭Ůʩһͦȥ
ƴʦ㲻ɽôɱ
ҢҡͷͽҲ֪û׼˭Ϊ˶Ըϡ
ҢԽԽãԼߡ
ƴʦļ磬úţʲô쳣һʱԺΪʦ
ҢлĿƴʦԶƿ߽ȥ
ؾªĴϣɫѰף˫۽գ˿ûҪתѵļ
һǱǰѪȾ죬ЩĿġ
Ůң˵λ⣬ҢƴʦֱӸ˿ڣֻιֹѪҩ衣
Ң뵽ǰɽǳĶǵĴɱɵ˴㣬һҪѹ
Ҫʲô¶ⱲӶĲ
ϵ˺ܰ΢š
֪˶ãĴŵɽϣ˲ٵĲҩҩҩۣʱġ
֪꣬ԼĴ򶼲Ůʩҩصɽһλũ
褰ϸƴʦ˵޼
ҢԽΣûа취ܾȾ
ϴۺ룬ϷѽҩλӰϣܷͦ͵ÿ컯
ҢһۣũŮʩ
֮󣬼˳ȥũ褵ѿʼ˿ںͷҩ
һУչҲˡ
һʹǵߵҢǰϸϸѶӴ飬ȷû¶֮ɿô£
Ңֻҡͷ˵֪
ȷǲ֪ʲôģֻԼôָйء
²۴̿͵ʱҢ뵽ͷԲѵ褣չǴңûɡ
ϲ˵Ҫȥݣûþ͸պСıɱָɾӣ
չôױŪԼģȷǾ㣬ǰݿƣ
ô˵ֻҢָŷţƴʦɽµĴ򶼸ѾʧѪһߣ˭ݿƻԸԼһ
ƴʦ߿һ꣬ҢԭѾ޵Ĺ񵴣ĳͻȻɼղЩŭ⡣
չѡúúã𼤶ǵ˻𣿵һƬġ
ô˵ﵽ׻Ǵǣ˸ɫԼĸҽ
ҽ⣬ƿŽȥ褿һ֮Ŵػ
չΣǲװģ
ǡҡͷȷ˵úأֹѪʱûˡ
չۣģ
һ֮ǰǲõ˽ŮԵ±Թ
չ̫ţʵС˵Ϊ˴̿͵ĵҲʵ
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˻ʻʱ
ҽҡͷ˵
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ô˵֮ǰܻظˣ
ҽǹûм¶ǱŲϢ̫һܵû
֪ˡ
չص褷ǰҢûߣͦż
չȰģˣҲ̫ģþȻ
ҢͷѲϱ㱳һѰ
չ˵㸣ûô׾档
Ң̾˿ȥΪоϣѹ
Ҫߣչ˻סСģ
Ңûͷߣ͸װæտһ
ֱգʶ׳˶ԼƣǶһѪ
Ң뿪һԭΪ˸оһԭӱܡ
ȰŮҲɫֻԶԶ㿪
һֱûѣҢڴһҹľڼչ룬ûȥ˯
չ´ɱ¼ݣ㿿ҢԶӱ˯
ʱѹҢͲڵڡ
ҴܳȥסСɳ־ͿСʦģ֪Ңȥ˾ῴ˵ŮʩĲȥˮرϴ˰ȥӡ
ҹգÿũʱֲͣظȥˣ˻ûѹ
ĴѾɽҢֻչĸҽȥ
ҽǾ仰߲δΣڣԾҪյĹ۲ʱ䡣
ҢʣûʲôϡҩܰУֻ˵ȥ취
״ʺҩֻ²ҽ˵ҹգͦգӦþûʲôˡ
Ңոսȥ褵ɫոǴ˵һڣҢΪǸˡ
չʱҢڸҽ˵
ôչҽ
ʱûѣҪ۲졣
ʵǻչѹͲ⣬ǷһöӣֻСĵķӦ
СǽģɿڵȻ㣬ǵ˸Ҿ͸Ů۸ܷ˰ɣ
⻰
ҽŮ
ԽûռСϡ
ﶼŵֻܿԼǰ̡

472Σ1

ҹ
չǮ֮ǰźũһֱûߣߴ
̫ãЩ飬뻻ƣβŶһ¾ͳؿڴˣ۵ֱ쭳
ɽ´ɱΣϡǵãﰲŵڣǲŪݣһȫû˼
Ϊ˲ùɣԼŪˣûϵس
СļʱʦֵܽɽֻɥȪ
뵽ǰĻƲ
Ҫù׶Ĺۣۣܶһضͦȥ
۾Լеƽ
һһҹֶֿʣ﷢ϸûũѵľûУֻ̾ٶ˯ȥ
峿褻ԺУϴ˵䣬ѾΣڣɷˡ
ţҢľϲ㵱ûˣ
ݡҽֻǰ֮ڣﶼԴֱ˿ڽ跽µ߶
ã֪ˡ
ҽȥչûʲôɨۻδ褣ֿԱظҢС׵³ңΪһп޵˽ŮˣֻԼ⵱Ĳ˷Ӧ
ţչġ
Сһţݲ褣
չ˵褱װ˯ȥۣҢڷڣҪ˵̫أһ˻ȥ
Ңæˣ˵˲⶯Ҫʲôҡ
̫ûˮ촽̫ɣѾѿպʱΣһûɸװŵ͵£ûȥ
Ңֱüͷ񣿡
褴۽ޣӣ֮㿪ڡ
ȥʲôҢƶʡ
һԼ˵˻İ㣬ûûʲô
˾СҢ˵ʲôȥǰ飬ȡͺˡ
Сģˮʱ⡣
Ңת˱ˮݸ̧֮߳ţȥһ侫չ
չ緹ӹ
ҢſڣûҪȥĴ㡣
չĲ˰˲վҢңǲ˵ʲô
һ仰ûԴǣҢ׼õЩһֶû³ҡҡͷвϺҩģܷȡã
չԣЦЦܵ
ϾΪҶˡ
չִ徻
Ңⲻִж֪֪رǷҽ̻壬˷ǲľο˵ĲˣǸ׵׹⣬ȣ취
оԼƿأչûɵĻţʼ˼ԼǲǲýţҪҾԣһؼҡ
Ңƽܹͣķŵӣٻס
´ɱô죿
ҢԾ޲ˣ˼ңҲͬҪȺ
⻰չҭòᡣ
ڼҵʱɲǸ¶
չվһ֪ǲͻȻͨģԼӻسȡҩ

֮ƷҩΪ褻ָͦ죬ɫת
չϰʳûͻȥˣǰ褺úȳ׻ָٻظȸһߡ
չһߣǳ˿
Ҫ֪кʹͲô·
˵⻹öлָ㡣

µ߶ʮ֮ɹ̫
Ңģһֱںš
ϸ΢ĽŲתͷ
ĺʱڣзƾɽһذ԰ӳۡ
ѾȫȥСԣ²Ŷʯʯ˼Ƭ꣬չ΢Ϊµɮ۶һů
Ѱλ£Цų֣Сģ
Ңԣǰ˼
ôãúòã
ҢףʦҲ
˵ϣȥ
褵Ůչȥ֮Ըũչ褡
ҢǲҲҸûؼң
ûСЦᣬ´󲿷˶ɼػţԵģ֮٣Զռʵͦˡ
ô˵ҢһĨǳЦż⣬һؾ˸ףٻȥ
ǾͲȥˡ˵ôҪҪǣΪֵã͹ˡ
Ңʯ£ҸоռԺ󣬹òġ
ݸοҲģ
ǻһ˫۾񣬺ƶκζڴ֪ʲôʱҾҲû㡣
ЦδģڵĻ΢ʧĴˣͲڴ
֪Ǹûкúô㡣ԴˣҢΪ
˵·ð˽ŮǸеӵŮ׶Ƕûٺɫ
˵꣬Сؿ褣㡭޲
Ȼޣβޣ
Ϊ̰ͼһʱۼ׵Ĵ´һ֮һ˵һԭݵĺӡ
ˣΪ˸
ǰ֪Լôģĸ˵֮޶չ޲ֽǧС
λ˼褶Сĵߣ̸ϺްɣϾûڴˡ
õġҢüۼᶨڸŵǰӦҡ
褿ǰͬĸĵܵܣºȻЩ̣ԺӻŻȫǺһɣͲ𣿡
޹ءҢ֮䶼ǶΣΪҵĺңڽѾΪ˸ۣҼţ㲻پ¹
֮ͷһᵽĸΣ΢ۿˮ˸

473˺˭˺㣨2

ֻƬ̣褾̿쵽ҢֺͷӦ
ֻ΢΢ͷ̫ܲסǲ˿ˣҪ۵ĻȻȥɡ
˳Ƶͷ߻ؾᡣ
Ѿָò࣬Ϊ˱ӣҢֻ͵Ժſھֹ˲
ɽϵԺûˮǰ褵·ȥɽȪϴһԺڣôôͻˣүأ
һġ
˵ţ̧ݡ
·֣ﲻոоΣ
ҡͷǽ裬Ծɾۡ
Ͼ˿ڲǳʱںѻָ
ҾָˣǵطҲ̣ԼѾټˣҲûôҪ
ôţ褱Ը꣬նһسǡ
󾪣ǰ˵˿ڻۣԸˣһҪȬٻȥ
Цⷺ䣬Ȭôȥ
ʰɣ²ȹв㣬ȥҲˡ
ͷȰ
ʵҲϲС
ÿһᱻѲ˵իȱȣһûʲôʮ£ǻö

һ磬ʰ׵׼ɽ
뿪֮ǰȥƴʦʾл˭ϴʦûţҢ
ҢڸʦԺĻݽˮ褣⡣
褱˵ԼƴʦһƴʦôһҪԼϿʲôǿɾͻ¶ˣԼֺαذͰʹȥûȤ
һ֮䣬褾͸˿ڣġ
Ң»ôҪ𣿡
Ѿ߶̫ʱ䡣¶ֲ˼ָ߰˳ɣس֮ˡ
ҢǵˣɱΣ˵òһء
ʵ˵ֻǿ˿ڽ裬Ҫָܡ
̬ȼᶨҢûֻǶҪעɿںϢ
֮͵ɽ⡣
ֹ˲褵ıӰ㣬ֻ㵽ˣߣһ·϶ౣء
褻ͷüᣬĬһſڣСסһʮ⣬˺˭Ҷ˺㡣
ҢֻڿЦӷһִߴǿЩߣɫһܻꡣ
褲ن£ȥȡ
ͳ֮ǰչ褵λũңҲչԸģȥʱ򲻷㡣
;У褣Ǿ仰ʲô˼
ʲô
үʱ˵ģ˵һʮ⡣־úЦͦΪү֮ˣôʮ⣿
󣬵Ӵ˭֪أ
ô׾ֿġ
Ц˵Ҳŵү
ѾСˡ˵һЦûУôңǰ׳

ȡͶƵϹٵʱδκβֻϢһʱǲȥԺΡ
ûڣ褲ؿڵҲ̫Щ̿͵ĵҪƫһҿɾûˡ
ס֣ص־ѣðѿأֻˣȡ褶ҧһ̣ӹȥһоͶˡ
ɽʱչ̬ȣ־ֵȻͦ󣬲ҸĹۣҲǳɹ˴롣
šͷҿӣ뻹ûָȫȻǶвҩϷݵһˣܰ;ϣ⼸գһ¡
ס
ĸŮ˵ŻͻȻ죬洫˵Ժˣ롣
ĸŮһۣ˳Ƿ˵سǣȥ̽̽ơ
Ӧʹض˵һ·˿ڷȥˣô˻ȥͨһ˵ҳȬˣһȥˡ
ȥûֻ˵Ժˡ
ǹ˵㷿衣
ԺԺ褵ԭ˵˳
ǰŹȥɽĸҽ˵˵òᣬôţܾǸѾͷˣ
ȻˣôҲʱˡ
Ϊҽ򣬹صȥͷ
֮ŴһȺѾӷȥ褵͡Է
˵˿ۣΪˣˣ㲻⣬ֻڴ²ѪɫȫޣѰѿͷ麹
Щװװģ褵˿Ҳ˵۾ֻۣڹ˵֮ǰֺݺ˺ԭѾ˿ڡ
Ҫۣض򲻿˵
һԿ޳ˡ
ɨһۣͣûõĶŮ۳ֻ֪ޣͲһȥ븮ҽ
ΨΨŵŵûҴĸĻգỹͣ
˿۾ۣתͷԴȥ￴˳ʲôˡ
ϵ˽ʼ֮߹ˣϢ
˿ڣ֢״ϡ
˱Ŵ򲻷鿴˿ΪɣԸ褻ҩ
ûؿǵĿĵ˿ڣ˿ΪѣðѪ
ҩ֮ʵ߹ˡ
û뵽ˣô˵ҲΪ˾ɵģ˵Ļֻ褣ⶼˣô˿ڻ
ܡڻس;е˿ڱ
üôڷºú
ɽãɽ̫ߣҹ⺮Թƻָûٺô
ⷬͣҲԲùȥ
ԭֻǼΪԼ˵仰ѹûʶԼаһæ
Ȼȥ֮˲Ʒ
ռ꣬ͷһؼôõĶ֪

474Ǵռţ1

һӵĲƷ褣ʲôȥ
Щʧû𻰡
أԵˣʺϴ󲹣ȥѡ
á˼λûʲôصͷ
ֻǸŮԺûСҪʳ͵ȥЩԶ
ٻ͡Է˼ˣѾ֡
һֻ⡣
ɻ󣬡ǡ
Ϊ׵ֵūǷָźģ˵ˣүйܵŮ
ȻЦ˵úźʵϣǹҡ
ڣ±صСĲС
żȥϤ͡ԷԼݡ
ͷ˵Ժˣ
ڴ齱ߣҨһѴ˴ιߣȥŻǹ˼ӽŮԶ˼Ѿ
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С룬Ӹ
褲ͬʱ뵽ʲôһ䣬ŲŲôϵõô׺ݵɱ֣
˵ϵ˲ôģǮƺȱһɡ
ôǮ
Щ˵Ȼǽɱֵ֣µģĿǰ˵ֻʱô࣬Ǵñ뿪ռңһ鶼㡣
⻰ƶԼ顣
ʵڵСԺʱͷֵġ
ͷʢˣ˵ƾƣ̶ʱڰһвõ޷죬ɹ˺˵򱻹ץΣ
ĺܶ£ϸ˼֡
ɹĪɼׯ᲻йأֻҲ֤ݣҲûҪȥ֤ʲôϾĸ֮䣬޷˵ѡĸ
˶ԣһجΣجûˣֻһᡣ
ڸλǻ֮ûеǵ֣档
ûʣ褺֮ʼȥûͱ۾
ԺĸѾһ֣Ϥ͡Է֮褷⣬ʱʱؽһۡ
֪ڼԼҲȥԼֻϢ

ת죬Լȥ˹ˡ
ÿμٲҪô䣬οھ֮ϣѵõĺɫ
Ժû۷
Ҫ̤͡ԷһͷҴұߵڽ⣬˵Ҫ
һ٣ûôӦ˭
Ǹˣֱ䣬ֻոλ
ף졣
ܵ½½̱檡
½ҸòԶȥôãδҲ֪½ҹϣ޾
뵽һʱʧСĵΪţֻ߲ƣü꣬û˵ʲô
ҡͷŲˣ׼ɣҪūȥ
褱Լ˱ܶһѾ½ˣԼֻܶһʱģ
ԥ褿˿ڣˣҳȥ

⣬ԶͿһô۵
ӦڵͻȻƿӣײϣûҪ˼
ӲͷƤ߹ȥû˵ң
άƣ褵ЩЦЦ
褱ͷʲôֱ˵ɡ
½ҵӦùòɫãԣ촽˴˵ĵطһˡ

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˽˰䣬ָָһԵȦΣʾ
ǰϣһ·޻Ե褶֪Ҫʲô̧ԷͶȥɻ
ڴߣ־ģţĸɱΪ˵Ż⸱ӣ
ǡ褹ϲ䡣
촽Цӣռ㣬㻹ἺΪˣ㵱һĳ
褲ϲĨǣܲΪ˿Ҽɣ
Ƭ̣Դ֮˼ֿ̱ƣݵãͺ꣬һһ֣ĸ˽ΪˣЩҲΪ޲Żһʱ벻Ҫĸ硣
ơ֣Ų豭߬죬вң
ûĴ𰸺ֱףΪв㣬ҲŻš
ʸڷϣ£Ǻģ޹ءǻΡԸϵĿƣԭҪμҵģֻ;˱ʲŻᵼСĵԺˮ֮ǣҲȫ⡣
ڣ޶֤Ϸ˼𣿡ͷ崿С䣬ƾʲôǵʧҪĸһ
֪Ʊ粻ƹˤֱ˵ɣΣ
ۣһǿԼȻɸϲԾܽһ²ͼ£һʹ
褱һҪͼʲô
Цſ֪ʣ㲻Ҳһ޶ռң޲ֻ𣿡
һˣô٣
½ֻǸ檶ѣôȨ
ҵ£޹ء
ЦôһˣΪ½ƽ۶ռҺ֮ǲŻΪ檵ġ
ʱ죬һ֣ٲûᰵа
褳ĬٶȿڣֻҪѲͼңǱһϵˣռѣȻӹһ٣򣬾ݹֵۣ
ͷ΢ԼֻɱչΪĸֻعû뵽쾹ȻҰģ㡢ǡռţ
ǳһĨŤ΢Ц𰸲Զ

475죨2

Ӳ褱һֱ겻ᣬǵ˹ڻ⡣
ǲ˵ʲô
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褿յвˣҪȻôӦô󣬲ַ߰ߣô
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ҪͼȻѾ׼㳯ˣֻⲼͼռҶ꣬ҹ䷽ȥε°ٻأԾûܰлͰķֲȫԺŲܶҸʱб仯ʼû취ӽ
˵û̫󣬹ϵĻͲ֪ۿǲְвײȵס
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ۡĲǴүպˣΪͼֽȥȫƾӼǵģҪͼǰ˴үвֻ

ǰûӴЩܾùҲô¶Ͼչô޳ܵһ֮ҷ粻ǳ̬ͷβҲһ졣
߲εĶ褲ͻȻʶԼʵһֱ̫Сչ޳ܣΪʱ˭ֻܵμҴǰˣ
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Ǹô죿뵽ԼѾӦ죬Щͷۡ
ʣû˵ʲôʱҪ
û˵Ҳ֪϶ԽԽá
ֱҡͷµܴһߣ¿ɼá
ߣȴÿ˶ܱߣģһԼĸҤ־ɢ׵֡
ɴүպһչõһӣΪ˸ңԼͣߣʮоŴζʧܣʣµһΣϹèӡ
ﲢûԹɼպ״̬£û취ͨѲͼɼչӵϿʲô̶ȣǼֱ͸Ңˡ
պ˾Լߣﲻðٶд߳ԣҪõͼǵԼ
ֻʱϣҪ½ͷ

½ƽ۵г̣װ֮ڰס˼һ档
֪½ƽ۲ϲ̫ûֱӱԼ˭ˣֻ˵Լռ檣Ϊԭ뱨չԸӦϡ
½ƽ΢΢һЦ㣿
񣬸ӡ
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Ȼ𲻿ܣֱͨɱѪϴռҾ͸ûˣүֵµ˿ɶǳصģôٺõɱֶԸͷȻɱ˷Ż𶼲ܣǾֻһߡ
΢ͣһ¡
½ƽ۱ܵķȵĿʲô
ݸ֪һֶףС͵ģֻҪţһ̼ܰѹΪƽءǴͣһӣֻײӣʱضءǴͻСͣҪ֮ˣҪͼΪŪİֲΪҳѵλá˵֪үҪҪǸҺ
ǽƷ򲻵ѣжǽõģΪ˺̫½ƽУȫƾԼоĿǰûеڶ֪
û뵽Լʲôû˼Ŀľͱǰĸ˲˸͸ԷֱĻ׳滹Ҫ˽
˼ͨ͸ͷԾŮˣôܻǹԺһó檣ңԷ
㵽˭
½ƽʳɻ
𴽽ǣȻףǾͰս׵Ĺɣش̽Էϸ
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ЦݸôǰԤף졣

֪ȥһֱԺϢ˵˻Ȳؾ͹ȥңôˡ
³ۣŻС˵½Ǳ̸ˣͼһҪ׼ȷʱܿһ
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ܵЩ躹޵Ľ
ҲȷʵΪ躹ޣԼĴڸнͣƽʱʲôû˻ɣÿο޿ӶӣžƵߣ˵ʲô黳ɵͷ
ˣ˺ܴı

476ռܣ1

Ů褵ĻΧ࣬з£԰˹䡣
ռ˶·ϲүС㣬΢Цۼ˭к
˼м
·ڿһֻ۵ɽһ˻Ӧ޲ܶһԶԶض
һεˣںܶϿúܵ
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λŮ䳰ȷѡһЦ֮
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ѭһƣլùصĴүպۣ彣·һ֪ǷƷϲƤѥȽ·硣
үСǵ飬ϼûʲô飬һֱǰߡ
褲òӭȥʰ
պĿϴһ˲ܿջأͳɤдżֲϲ˵ɽСˣ
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Ͷñµ˫ٿȻɴĿ𾪣ͫջȥͷ˵ؼǰߡ
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Բסȥû¡
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½ƽ۱˹ظһ
ԭҲߣĴߣÿδ֮ǰҪϽԻܽһ
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д󺧣ѹջʺռһ඼ûˣԭ䣬ڲøı

477˽ս£֪淲ı2

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պ͵СģƭˣɽµĴɱǸЫŮһְţΪǲΣø׳谮ô򵥵ļ㾹Ȼ
Ңɫ̫ãĿתչھҲˣ˵жأǼֲǺ󹬣˭ɵΪҪ
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֤ݲ㣬ɴɱҲɷŹ
ܵġҢһ֣磬ң޹ģɽµΣû˱Ҹɱһְţܶ
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478ǰǿˣ1

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չһȫû⡱ļƣúúã
۷һԵպ
ˣպޱطԸſ̡

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484˸֤1

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485᰸Ҫʲôͣ2

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486ñ˶ģչ˺Լ1

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487С˾ˣƻ2

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489壨2

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490ܷ֪ԭ򣿣1

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ʱͷͻȻһЦƷ顢ԨѧʿڸϣԵ׵ŮŲʣٵ˺һţҲˣѵŮȥ檣¶ٴ䲻֪ѾЦ˶˵ѦͲ£ҽȪ֪᲻𣿡
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491ǸϹŰó˰2

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492꣨3

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497Ȣ𣿣3

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498λͣ1

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΢еиģܲܳɣһ

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508ô1

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510һӰ1

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511ϲ2

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Ԫüëš黨ˣⲻǺ𣿹ģͦôӣһ˲Сųô죿
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ҹĲ˯ðڵ¸ϸ׼
ǶôҵĻӣôТ˳ĶӣֵĶôƽƽ治һ㣿
ԪԼбҪһǷ֮ĳ̶ȡ
Ρȫ֪ųĬ̶̼˲ϢʱԪ͸ԼôϷڵȥѵµͼȡ
Ԫеˡ
˺þã۾գ£ΪʲôҪͼ
ôΡ˵
ԪŤһ£Ҿôȥãǵͬ͵𣿡
ΡףԽȥ˵һ
Ҫǲͬô죿
ΡȡģӦò
Ԫ˼ʲôʱôĻˣѾߵڣվԱߡ
Ƕһ̲סڣô
Ԫѹ£ҵȥǸͼȡ
ʲôͼ
ͼ
üͷȷ˾ةȡģʱ⣿
ôѣԪԼĲαĲҵҪǲҲܹɶã
۶Ρ
Ρڵͷ˵Żѹûע⵽ߵĶ
򴽣̾޵ڲżһϻȥðɡ
ϣŹۻûԪ÷ɿ졣
Сϻȡʱ򣬹۸պðڼݹ
Ԫ۵˸Աˡ
ûôɣ
ż߲һģһϻӡ
Ԫʣô˻ô
ȥ˾ة
֣עתƵϡ
˷ϲ¾ˬ۽˺棬Цݿ䣬ûǰЩôɥˡ
ֹһ
Ӧͷһλ
ЦƺЩڴȥһ磬֪оϲ
ڣΡͻȻϣ˾Ϊ׼һݾϲ΢̧
ãȻƤͼ˾ǰǰ̧Ű˸ߵһʮ

512֮ң֮1

ǵһʱ䣬ͲµΡеĺʲôϵ侲һѣš
Ԫǵɴ۾ҵ
Աλ̽ԴСԪ֪װʲô
Ԫæҡͷ֪ʲô֪
ʲô
ҡҼ

Ԫе죬£λ˭
һۣ⽫Ҷ齭
ԪԴˣе˳ȷ
ղû˵ɣֻðɣ˵ĵһӡȥɣ
ۣô⸱ӡ
˶ڹעΡ̧ʮ׵ģôߣһţʮ
۰ۣһ仰û˵
Ρ˵ģʵ۾˾׼ĺ񣿡
Ρס
ʮ̧С˼ҵƸˡЦ
ΡݸƸ˼
𴽽ǣĿԴ
ĺ棬˾ةﵽװʲôôأ
Ρߵ룬Ź۹˹˵ǵ˾°׸ϵһݾϲ룬ϴѾµʲôˡ
ɵÿۡ
ۺ롣
֮ǰû뵽ʮһţܿ췴Ӧǻޡ
˾оް˸£ȵ½ϺүǼλشʦΡ˶صĽˣ˾°ˣ뵽ģڻطٶԣһ֪
֪ƾΡı£һһ޶û뵽һ쾹ȻԼٳϡ
ȷʵǾϲ־ϲ
ΡͱˣϽĴ޿۽硣
˵⻰ʱ򣬺ԼеúΣЩ
ûǽ
ڻޣ˾˶ܶй¶ֻ֣Ƕڻδ֮ǰҪ
˵һɣҪ˷ϲãڴÿĽ
ɽٽٹ٣ֳϣʽޣЧ֪
ΡӹеԿף򿪵һ
ŴӲ濪Ρθߴ΢һ㽫סû˿ʲôգ۵ĹֻһֻԼĪ߳Ыӡ
λýһŵˣģʲô
ЫӣһҲ˾ôôЫӣ
Ӻù֣ǻЫ
ľͷľͷġ
ľͷôᶯأ̫˰ɣ
ǯӺ÷βиһֱת̫ˣָȥϾܱʳࡣ
Ȼ˹񹤵Ķ˾ةҲ̫˰ɣ
ڣ˽˾Ǽλ˶ͷһεüޣһĿɿڴ㶹󱬷̾
˰ΣûƳⶫʵԣΡ˾׸ϵ񣿡
Ρףǣһʮֻÿֻͬ
ʲôûʡ
ӱӱ˭ٳЫӵģδԵ̫ˡ
뵽ǰΡ˵˾˸ʵ۱񣬵ЩǣǱ߿ȥ
ɫȻ˫ֻЫϣƲʲô
˲ͷİϲŭһʱ
ӣҲ֪˭СǸϲӣڰǰ˺ѡһ͸ϣ˭˵ʲôѡ˵ԼѾ׼
׼ʲôҲû
Ҫ֪ô͸ñԼĺ
֮ʣΡѾ˵ڶӣγֻͻͻϻظ࣬֫мצűЫӸ׶
ЫӺͻһСαͣ
Ÿ쳤ӿһ߿һۡ
ͶɻΡ͵ⶫлޣλֻģͣƷ˾ǵ̫󲻷ͣʶֻܰСҹ͡
ʣֻģͣǳƷж󰡣
ΡƷĻһֻҪĸȥͬʱ
ģҲ̫˼ˣ
˵ľ̾ùѪڣĿƵΡһʮȫˣ
ΡҡͷһȫģͣƷֻһʱ䲻ޣΪ˱֤Ȳ͵ϴ졣
ã۸ƣ̫ˣ֣ҴξССһ
˲ŻȻԭ޲͵ģ̵
ģ;ôƷǶô̾Ϊֹ
Ρȴʵ͸ϵģһ޵ͼ
£
ȥ̧
Ρ½Ϻүţ治֪޳ƷѾһ룬֪Ρոʱôһ
޵Թ˵콵ϲֺγǣ
˾°ûûҹͣ󵽼ѰĲȼľСһͷȫǽŻѪĥġ
˸£ٶҹҹ˰ҹĵҲֻɼƺͽжء
ǹ򲻸ˣֻֻҲʮο
ԪнӹϻӣߵΡԱߡ
۴ۣ׼񣿡
ףͼɣһϲʶ˽ա
۵һ
޹ȥнӹϻӣʵ۸ǰ
۴򿪣Ƴϵͼ
ǵע׷ͶȻͼʵ۱µɫƽתΪ𾪣ƺ˿
ÿ˶õͼϵĶж̾Ϊֹˡ
λϳ˸ɫ׷Уظߺ˾е£Ǵ֮ңǰ֮ϲϣϲϡ

513̫ӣ2

ǰΡ̵ôã⼸λϳһ׾ͰƵ㡣
˭ٽڣǻʵ۵ٳ
˵۾ֻõʮֻ̬Ļޡ
ƹ˾˾óôһݾϲû仹ֻһͼ
Ȼвû˶ͼ˿Ӱľġ
˵ģϵĲܣʵһ붼Ȳϣ⻹̫ӣô
ԽԽĴ󳼹ظߺϲϣϲϡ
ϲʲôϲʲô˼ˡڳѾ̫ӣԸŰɣ
ۺͼᣬŹһƬĴ󳼣вν𺳡
ݹδü˵λӺߵóһߵġ
ľƣԲΪԼһ٣Ǳѡ
ֻǸӹӹµµΪĻӣضٲһ鹴Ķǡ
ת
ô󳼵ӵԾɲ㽾棬Ƿ̩Ȼ֮ɣѼ
̾˿̫˾òʵģֻҪʱ䣬һã˾ޡ
ͱոյĻͼǽϼķ˶ѪоĶ任һ̬任һַ񡣲ϸڻÿһʵԣȫǽȥһʵ壬һΡ̧ʮֻģ͡
ʮѣѾô죬ôһ˲䣬۾Լˡ
ǰΨһõóֵֻա
ţֻҪ㹻ʱȥĥ˶ãСӵ֮ϡ
λС㵽ĻӣԶ֪ƣ룬֪ΪÿͬʮʱѧĶܻȱ˶
Ǹӣ˵ʱ򶼾üʡ
ô޹ͼ˫ִηϣ棬֮˵˻ã֮ſɿ֮Σ򡣴ּ⣬գڷⳤΪ̫ӣλĻΪ޷ĸϣĸƾӹλйĸ¡
أл¡
ڳߺ꣬ʺǧǧǧǧ̫꣬ӵ򸣽𰲣
صڻʹϿգþòɢ
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лϡ
صϯʱ򣬼ԪȦЩ죬ʣôˣ
Ԫ򴽿Σڵ̫ӵܡ
ȻʧЦ
Ԫ£ǵϴԼ˵ܵʱɵƵĿ
ɽա
ոǲЦˣ
ԪԼ˫һ˲˲ض
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꣬߰ٸҹ飬Ԫаæδǹ
лܡ
ԪȻЦˣЦۿеᣬҲ˵˾ʵѡ
ƽʱ˵ⲻǲõЩȫΪģʵңܣû˱ʺ

˶µġ
ȫûӦôͷչӣ֮ǰʱЫϻţôһգ۵Ĺͱ̫ӣԼͱɻʺˣ
һĻֱξλãòԼһѣۡ
ǾţһԵĹ꣬ǲΣ
˷ܵΣģ˴󹦣˳ӦٹٷΪ̫ӣĸƾӹΪʺ󣬵ղ˽ӡᱦˡ
Ļۿʪ
˶꣬ڲ̫ˡ
æϲӣɲᣬ˻
ͷǲᣬҵΪ
˵ţ۽ǣǳһĨЦ

ͷһֱסȫı¹жأôĲǻŴ϶Թ۳ֿף
ʱԼĺ񣬺Ȼ뵽һ£ɤӵϽջһϲ
תŶʲôϲҪ͸޵ģ
һ񣬡ػϣϲˡ
һ˻棿
Цغã檲Ц
۲˲ͷûһȺУŲǺۣԼ
˵Ŀɶģ
ػϣ檵ȷѾнĸµУֻ̥֮ǰһֱû˵
ԣĴã޽ٽڣȻǾϲϣͣ

514үŰ𣿣1

Ϻʱٽڹ칫ԼеʵټмΪʺΪ˵˳һѶϺõĹƶУͷκ޵Ļƿڼһ¡
Աǻǵͣģøͳȥģȫ׬˻
üĿüЦˡ
ԴӸ빬ǻߥ޷˴ʧȥʥ裬һֱ͵ǲᶷֻǻøСѣƽ˶䳰ȷֻҪ֣ͨѡһЦֱ֮Ӹȥ
һȭ޻ϣɫ࣬漴ЦҲ̫磬ǸʢĵطҪ滳˸ǿɾǿջϲһˡ
ݸǻӻǹǶǻϵĹ⣬ôһֲǺûˣôܽпջϲһ
빬ֻ꣬һ̥Ǹһˣ۾ԺҲûҹ
仰ֱ
ŭۣ㣡
Աбס˵䣬ûʺվ˭Ǳʲô˲ǣҲûִ硣
ĵһƫͷȥ
ڵֻڼ˭Ҳûע⵽ߵС
ò״ӡξл΢ȥЦ⣬һƳϡ
˶ľ߹ǸеֶžƱʱʱԱߵԪ˵ʲôǸ侲ݵģ˿Ǹոձ̫ӵˡ
̾˿
ӲԼôҪǿ涼㣬ΨӪΪû˽²ģܾҪԿ
ӵļֻǶԵġ
ǶհٹѪԣҲɿ̫ӡ

غʮţΡ˰ѻ̧ȥصԼϯϡ
ں̧ͷۺ棬ղЩޣȫ˾ģ
ΡЦϲ𣿡
һźףûв׵ģСһͺϲ֣
ΡµҪһȥ棬ͷҸʦܸܲһ
ܸ𣿡˵һϲͬô죿
ΡһӲˣҪĻϲһͬ⣬Ǹ㣬Ͳһ
Ĳһ
ΡϻвߵҪ󡣡
ܹǲΪֲã񶼾иʵ۵ľ˾Ҳͦġ
һʱɢϯѾʱλھ˷Ҫȥ̸СۣҲϡ
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ΡסŲͷ
Ԫϸֲּ˼Ĭ˺ð죬ųлл
Ρڣ۵޷̫ӣѹﲻʲôæֻŭɵȴڲ֪ΪıһУٽ͸ܰѴ֮λ͵ϣ͸лʵڲ֪ôԼյ顣
ΡЦЦ˵Ҳûϵ£빬֮ǰÿг̰Ŷǹ̶ģľżˣбҪ˶˵һ䡣㣬ȴԿֻʺӣ̫ӣǽĵΪ֮ദ֮빬֮ⷽı䣬ƽ׽࣬ôãҲǻⷽԭ򡣡

̸ߣھĵûȣ˹עĵ㶼ڼ̫ӵϣ˻֪˭ͷĵ̫ϡ
λһƷھ˵֮ǰ鸮ﶼֻǲعĿѡ˰ɣ
Ӧ£࣬ǻ̫Ƕûնһ˵˲㡣
λ˵ҪնҲһѽ
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һۣЩζ
ɱھĵôΪԲɫ
λη˴вͬ
úǰѰϵİá
֮ǰȥǬ幬Ƽݵʱͷһμ񣬵ʱһϼϸչϣԵĺȵģô޹ȥŷ˵ףϳΡ˳ɸληйء
ŴˣȻҲСӦš
ЦЦηǲˣ
Ƿʱִ¶Ǹ⣬ˡʵǡ̫ˡ
û˵꣬˫ӵˣ⣬ǽվôŰɣҶɢˡ
Ҳ͸⼸λſھ̫ѡھˣҸڰ˶徲
̸ʳſڣҪһʱ߲ôԶ·ͳģΡڳſڵ
ƽΡɿ̸Щʲô
˵ʲôûҾһ죬̫ĵ̫滹˲ݣʵ̫ˣûôȥ
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һΡĲ
Ⱥ˶û˵ͷܿ˯ˡ

صùʱͷعµĹ̫
μ̫ӵ£
һģ
ںʯϣۿˣʲô
̧ͷٺЦصλ
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ûʽ⣬Ҳ̫ӡֿ漴뵽ʲôϾҪȥˣҪҪ˽үȥҪǹȥĻŴô죿Ǹ߻ù˵ҪүūŸžͰ˰Ѵᵽθȥ

⻰
ƼĪġҼϱǴ
˭˵ŮϷֻӣ
ĬĬŵ羺һˡ
ɣáڮ٣ı
Сʵһһڽŵףʶ̳ȫѪڣڹСĵ羺ʱ
Ӣ𣬽ھӣϵߵŮˣţë
˭ţһֻϷһ顣
Ӵˣûޣ
ĻַֻΪĳһע
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ֱһ죬ĳڲ̸Ϸˣȴ˵Ҫѣ
£У
һСڽܲɷãͻȻһˣӭ˸ͣþЦϱ˵ѣ

515ˣҪˣ2

ԪһֻŸտùţž˵һѡ
Ԫעһϡ
ǲҪ
ûע⣬Ԫֻţűɹ÷̵칬ǽֱǱߵĶ
Ȼû˵
ƺڳĬ
˶û֨
ԭֻһʣû뵽»˷Ӧһʱ֮Щ׼ӵ˼ԭشҴ
ĬʱЩãõǲ̫վԭ˯ŵʱڿ˵ˣȥ
ūϾȥһĨȥͷϵĺ˦ŷСܡ
˻ûȥͼԪڹſڡ
ʱɲסŲϲү롣
ţҶˡԪ˵ʱĿͦεıӰϣ𴽽ǣһ⣬صλ
תߺܵͣ𩣬Ҫȥˡ
Ԫü¶²øұɣ
һĬ֪˶ãһÿҪǰ︸ʴܲҪ㡭ȥǳؼң
Ԫ૵²Ҫ˰
ƺ΢΢̾˿ɣӣ˸ʰȥ
£ԪĻ˵˵ʮҳ𣿻ꡣ
꣬ǰ߻ã
Ԫû˵ߵϵҶȻ̧ͷǵðŴʰ޳
죬үҪ𣿡
ߡԪЦߡ
С̫ź꣬Ȼλүӡ̫ãһ˵ҪߣȦϾͺˣҲūǰֻ˵˵ģµ̫ӣүǿԸǹȥ˵߾߰
Ԫûɿڵ˼ʼ󣬡˵ˣҪߣôʱūǻ죬Ҳִ̫ˣء
Ԫİ˵죬үųĻʲôʱջȥ
һˣء
ˡԪһƨϣϽȥʰ
һ߳ƫܣһء
Ԫ˸ǷεʲôûûУȥ˯һ
˶ƺ˵ʲôʲôҲû˵
һǷԪȥ˯˰
ĬãᡰšһĿԪƫ
ѾֻսüޣҪȥ˾ˣûùѾǰ
û˴ţԪ˯˸̤ʵŵʱѲãڹԷҡϡ
ߵԱͣ£Ѿ֪˾ة˵һ
šԪͷ
㻹ʲôԸû
ԸԪһ㶡
ףҪģģ㶼˵ֻҪأҾܰʵ֡
Ԫ£Ըܲڣ
ڣ
ԣĿǰûرҪģҲûر£ҾãδܻУԸţõŵʱҵ¶֣𣿡
ͷ˵ɡ
ԪʣڵٵǴ󱦵ϵҲ𣿡

Ԫˣ𴽣л¶䡣

֪ĺСŮԪĶһһ
һʰһ߿ޣ޵۾ˡ
֪ĿǸģ̲סЦ˵ƽү䲻ȵģүҪˣҶģһﲻס
ޡһ߶ȥҰ޾Ϳޣܵ㣿
֪˵ѧүˣ˵ԸҪ˵ùϲүˣƫҪŲϳϡ
ߺߵص˶Ҫˣ»иƨã
֪˵ûã㶼ϹˣҲû˸𣿡
һģžžµ
֪ģ
޵û֮⣬ùһվɣŹ˻飬ʱЪˡ
Ԫ˯һû˯߷ǡ
֪ʱһһģʣүܲܲҪߣ
Ԫɫ˫׵ӣЦʣôţ᲻ñү
Դ˵Ҫ
ԪһɣǿӣֻǴӵİӳ̫ӣˣҪˡ

516״ԪȢϱ1

ҹɫŨ¹ʣбϣһŸСֱ̳ۺüǴ۾ҹеǡ
˵Ǿ仰֮ȻЦתͷС̳ݸ
ӣҡͷȣܺȡ
ԪɻüΪβܺȣ
˵үܺȣڹýơ
ⶼҪ˻ưԪЦãһִ򿪾ҪյߣͱһѶȥϵֻҪүڹһ죬ǹˣ˵ʲôհ졣
Ԫֲ̾˿аɣȾͲȣǾƸҲغ˰Ҫǵ˻빬һʱҪ
Сź«ĺС̳˳¥˷֪˰ѳͷֱ԰ƮĵڸӵԪѾƸˡ

Ԫֱڷޱؿ

˴ϵëԪڴ֮·޵׼˯
ȥŷŻľˣԭĴλһƬյ
ƨɺͷ͵үһҪǴ̫󣬻ֹأū̧ȥˡ
Ԫ̧ٶȾȻٶȻ죿
βˣʼӡ
Ԫסҹģò˻ˣȥүҪ˯
˴̸ǣ˵С齣ҹһ¡
Ԫӹ̸ǣ˵һɡ
洵磬ѵúܣ˯ţ˯žͿʼű߼ʵغ˼룬뵽Լڻ￴İݰֵֵܷʱֺɡơ׳ĳ档
ԪãԼȻûʽݹӣʶ꣬ôҲǶˣԼҪߣٳĬԣķֱʱ̣ܲؿŰɣ
ԶԲĳ
ͦԲͦȫ棬Ȼĵġ
һԪ𴲣˯еԪϰһ˦ȥȷڵϡ
ү쵽ˣ㵽߲߰
ԪһѹԼҪؼҵġ
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Ԫʲôʱߵģ
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ԪöеˣŤͷݺݵٿŲűүһԶӣ
ӣ˵ūֻһ䣬үĲµ𣿡
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ˣһʣǰƫţūԿףҪҪȥһ£
顣ûнԿףֻ߱ˣʱ˽ȥɨһ£˻ҡ
ӦǽƯĵջѡ˵ʵ£үһ̳档
˳ָ򿴹ȥƬ̣һ֪ˡ
ûùයƺֻǻȡµĶֻܿ񲿡

Ԫصңýѧ
Сһ￴һӱĵǰ纰ͣĸµûôڵġ
ԪСԴʣôˣ
գԲ˫ۣ˵Ͳˡ
ԪƮһ£˵ûƭ㣬λˡ
𣿡ŲӣСд˻ɡ
ƭСԪСָ
СһʣǸһ𣿡
Ԫ뵽λ΢飬ҡͷҪȥӼ࣬һ
⣬Ӽʲôط
Ǹĵط
ǸΪʲôܸһ
ĲһԪĻش
Сһ죬ҲҪȥӼࡣ
ԪЦ㳤˾ȥ
СһʾܿգÿԼ˵ʲô͸˵ˣʲôʱܳѽ
˵䣬Ѿ˴⣬Ԫʣڲ
Сһ˵ڡ
ԪȥԷ
Сһͷ
ֱֵȥپӡ
ڰƲʰ׼ԷԪЩ񣬡磿ôˣ
ԪЦ״ԪȢϱ

517һһۣ2

毲֪飬ȴʹΡе֪Ԫ
¼ˣƽƲꡣ
ԪԲˣеûܵš
뵽ʱλſ޵ӣЦЦãҵӱȽϴ󡣡
СԤУΡϣʲô½ԤжйڻᱻСŵĴ浹ġ
ԪյЩޣǵϺү͸ϵһݾϲҺ͵ȶ֪飬ԭҪ͸ϵһףͼǵʱ򣬵ŵҽгȥȥѵµͼȡʱҾЩ²ˣû뵽ˣ磬õڻϸǰ֮£Ҳˡ
ô˵Ȼ򣬡ѹֵʱϻ޵ʱҼµɫЩԾԭˡ˵еԪûԹŰɣ
أԪ˳ǣΪһƲֱӱ̫ӣмҵôԹ
ɿԪ˵ȻûΪʲôؼˣ
ԪЦţǰ˵𣿻״ԪȢϱ
ţģ
ô˵־ˣձΪ̫Ӿһ߿ͬİ˹ӲţƷУӦòó
ԼҪġԪɫ̹ȻƲ쳣ƾƤҪߣܸϵ𣿡
Ҳͦá˵ү̶߶أӻȥӼ࣬նλ˼ң빬꣬ؼҵĴָҲˣһ۾һۡ
㣬Ԫεģһ˵ûͷʾԼ֪ˡ
Ҫ˵Сüͷÿʹ룬ףˡ
ֹ˻⣬ͶȥĿ⣬˵úúãϾͿ
ֿһԵ毣վˣһԡ
毸ղԪ˵¶ԣԭط˺һĴ±˼غ˺̵ݸƲʣһʱСԵ㡣
СһǶúˣԵýζ
Ԫֱߣ˳֣һ⡣
ԪһҪԼģæԼͱæˡ
һ˵һ潫С룬ʾҪԼвˡ
ֻýŻԼ̾Ҽǵǰ߶żĺ⣬ôβ߶ˣǲǳˣ
ĺȻôԶ塣Ԫ˵ţȴһĳ
ˣøûùĿ˼װͷƺǹ̶ֻСЩټвˡ
ţԪϰ˹ʳͻȻؼЩӦҲȥ
֮󣬷û˵
μȻȲô˼ôأʳ޲һǷеġ
Ʋʺʰ꣬ʽΧ޺һᣬԪаû
Ԫϴ֣Ӧȥү̣Ȼ鷿顣
飿һ£ǰСӻڹ˯˷ͷһ¾ǻطͷ˯ڶ컹ȥѡ
ջؼͷһôѧϰƺĵͷһⰡ
ܸоλƺԾࡣ
ԾԾˣʲôط̫Ծ
Ҳ˵ĲԾ룬ǹԪջؼңʱ겻̫Ӧû롣
Ҳڶ飬żвľ񣬵أûͷ̫࣬Щ̫Ҫģͱûʡ
˵ø绹ҪڼҴһӣ磬кö಻ģܲ㣿
Ԫ˼ؿһۣȻЦҪ޸˾ǲһǹƴˡ
毱˵һȣԸ£ʲô£
ƳӱԪ˼ٴȤ˵ԣһȥү̣ҪȥԺ鷿飬ʲôʱʡ
һϲлл硣
Ԫҹˣ
Ʈһ㱡ĺΣѹõ͵͵ģ˵֮Ƹڻڡ
תͷ޺ŵ
ڻûƣҲ꿪
Ԫпʱÿ죬һۣö˳޵͡
ʮ꣬ƫƫô仰˵˲ɣζƽѵȫ
Ц֮ǰÿλ˵ڹ꣬ˣ˵ʱÿ죬ⲻì𣿡
ԪҲûö಻˼Ǿû¶ɧѣ˵ˣ˶ǻɳұԹʱҲʮꡣ˵öˣ̬ˣԺܶĹҲ֮ı䡣ǰұԹ꣬һôΪϾҽʮˡ
ѵüһ˽ģЦЦ˵˵Ķԡ
λпΣסȥ˯ˡ
ԪŸ˵˻ȥٰ
ϵŰСͷڸݣӽţϵ¶ЦԪɶʱģ
Ԫ˵յãپǱ߳緹
ϵ³ͷ˲֣
ݣϵû˳ѣү𻰡
Ԫǰ˵һһεǾ仰ϸ̧ͷ˿ϵүү֪ʱѾףϵʲôһһʱᣬүүӹǻӲʰɣ
ӲءϵǻҺ̴Žȥׯϸ˼ũǣҲûͷȡ
Ԫ¶ϵܿ⣬˵ͻɣզ˴ӵĴˣֲûС
ԪүүǲĴֻڹõĿմѣ빬꣬͵ġ
ϵ˵ͽͱʯģû˭ʹԪʲôû
Ԫûʲôϴϰˣ˸
ֻǿŴů湦Чѣүү˼δöԪԳ˸ڡ

518ңӣ1

үү˻лԪٰ߳ãȥԺԼ鷿飬˻ţͼͯϲ̵ܹһ˵үˡ
Ԫһ㶣Ÿյûãôˣ
ŶģӦòʲôõ¶Ԫû˭
ֻǰڼʱźͯûʲô棬ҲûôӴˣ˵ڰʡ
ӿŲԪǰߡ
źʹžѴ򿪣Զܼͣһվŵߵ幫幫Ỵ̈ô񲼸ţװʲô
Ԫżؿ幫ôˣ
ڹǻԪȻѣЩ˵Ĺϵȴܺã幫ЦеģүߵļūŸʹˡ
ĶԪüͷһġ
幫̽˵»ūתүδ꣬ϣٽ
һҲලѧҵǸְĺͬ
ԪʧЦҡҡͷѾµʲô
ӹ̣ԪлöЩ͡
幫뿪Ԫߡ
ϲϾҪˣ͸үĶһܹء
ԪԣֱӰǰ˵ݣ˵Ҫϲ͸ˡ
Ǹģ˿ڿЦҲûļ
үͷᣬСֻǿЦ
ҿûЦԪ棬˦ʲôɽ
ڨЦⲻǳΪС𣿡
㻹ҪҪԪ֣ǰߡ
ȵ鷿鰸һţҿ񲼣ȻĶһķı
ԪԼǵãһղ˺þãһֱûá
͸֪Ǹÿִ󷽣Ǹ˵̫˻ලš
ʧЦԪѶóڷŵϣˡ
һֱΪʲô鱦ķıֱӣү
ȻΪأԪŶ⡣
˲˽⣬ôǾͲǸ֮ˣ鱦ǵָܴͳ
Ϊʲôǵķı׹Ҳеİȥ֡
룬־ûǻ׽ʵڣķıҲΪչϲ̨֮
οһԪȻͦ˵ġ
幫߲ãһˡ
ǹߵĴ޹ŵּġ
Ԫиһ˳ȥּ
۱ӼֱףֱԪһ̽鱦ô޹˵ԪӢţβ͡ңӡš
ǹ۵͵ĵһӷš
Ԫգ˵鱦ϲңҲϲȻǻ
޹ʹݸԪԱߵˣ˦ŷϺܹעĿƿӿһҪʧѽ
ԪЦǺǵʴ޹״Ԫʹ𣿡
޹һ㶣Ҫˣ
Ҳʲô˶ҪԪ˵ֻҪҿϵġ
޹˲ˣ˵϶УֻҪܿ״ԪʱҪ˭ֱּˡ
Ԫãֱƿʹͣ˸͸޹ٻְ˸ߡ
֮ǰùˣһķıǬ幬ˣһӺһţٿԪֱð̹⣬ݵòУֱ䣡
ɵԪȻ˵ԼܡʱΪʲôỻһ
񲻷ּԪ֮˵ľ֪Ԫ⡰ңӡҲΪӸеˣ˵СǳϢ˰ڴ꣬СС˾٣ժøӷš
һʮ𾢣ͼӴ׵Ǳѽǹܡ
˵꣬Ԫһ
ڨڨӣС˵ʲô𣿡
Ԫ˵һأܣܲʵ
ɤӣںţ䣡˵ʲôԣ
Ԫ
ԪѶͯ߳ȥָֻ˰
Цȥ꿼˽ԪѾһƨһծֵøţСԪſɵ̿ѽ
ԪЦЦʱ鷿һֱ濴飬ڼ˶ͻī˽ȥز裬û˴š
һֱΡãԪŴ鷿
ΡһҲСӱԾڷܣյңôЪ죿
Ԫ˵Ъסϰˡ
Ρ񲻱ڹôʵķһҲͦá
ԪͷϵӦˣжϻϰ
ڹǻϿλϰǸǿȵģһеٶȿ쵽Լò˼顣
Ҳ֮ڿٳɳҪԭ
˼ңûͨʵľѹ̼ûؼලûʦѶȵĿ⣬ԪĴЩſգͻȻ֮ʧȥʲôҪĶãȻ޴룬ҲĿꡣ
ƴάڹϰߣƴһǰ״̬ȻôŬȻһƬյ
Ȼ뵽Ρ˵һ仰Ϊ⼸꣬°뱲Ӷ
ʱΪ⣬ֶ׷Ī

ӵ֪ÿ첻飬۵Ȧˣ緹ô˯
ԪԼ鷿ﰾ˼գﰾ˺Ѫ˿̧ͷӹе񣬳˳ǣ˵̣û¶ǰڹ
ӴҵĹӣ㶼ؼˣôܸȡԪ
û˵꣬ͼԪһջ˹ȥ

˴ԪúأԲ¶ϡ࣬ȥ¡
˵⣬Ҫ
Ӽòˣʴ򣬡ûҩҽǼҿⷿﻹвҩģ˵Ҫɶȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ѾҩҽεķˣҪԼڣ˲ٰҹټ͸֧ȥǺΣյġ
ԪĬؿڴϣŴⷢ
̾毵͸ȥҶңҶɣ

519ݣݣ2

Ҷ毣˵ǶԱ˴ȫİˡ
ڴ֮ǰ毲ʶҶᣬҶҲʶ毡
ͻȻһӵ⽫ݼֱף˵μҶλͿˣҶŮ뵱øδķ͹Щͷ
Ҷں԰ǧƣбԪ׽СããȻؿʯϵ̽
ŮҶҺμμͻȻӣū澾ЩΣҲʶλδҸ˰ɣ
Ҷüôˣ᲻᲻̫׵
ԭ˵ʶ毣ʶԪүѽԪү׽ӵķϣ˼ҪˣôҲøİɣ
⻰Ҷֻ롣
ȥȥθԥ
˵ͱһŭ˹ȥ
Ҷ׸Ҷɣʮֲã𵶵ʯһغߵÿˣָԪС˶ӱŷڲȥǼңδ󣬸粻ȥͷ¶档
Ҷ᣺ΪʲôԪүԹôѽ
ҶԪɫͲãҲССϵƭٴκһͼıû
ҶãȻҡҡͷʾû
ҶɿԼµã̾Ϣҡҡͷ֣׼ʯϵߡ
磡Ҷỽס
ҶЩġ
ҡһһ˰ɡҶ˵ȥˣûСã۶ûУİԼңʵûôܵġ
ԪҶɼҪ˵á
ҶμֲûгţҼȻǿˣܲɸϵ˺ɣңԪүҲǸ˵ˡ
һ仰ѹúܵͣҶɻʮˡ
Ȱ˵õͷԵҪȥҲУţҾ̤һ

Ҷᵽֲ׸ӣö˻ͷһһθʱ˺棬ĴѾͷƲʣ˵˷˷ԸӭҶҶӡ
ߵʱøտĴ档
ƲʵԪĲ飬˳˾䣬Ǵүյˣ
ۺ룬̾Ϣҡͷ״̬Ǻܺãٹ۲켸հɣҪûתϷҲûˡ
ƲŴɫڽ
ҶüһʣСԪԪүôˣ
ϴѾԶƲ۽ǽ͵үջǼջúõģҹذԼ鷿ĳ̫̫ȥͷû˵ϼͻ˹ȥѹƻһˣԲ·Ҳ˵ֻϲһ˰ڴǰ
Ҷͣʲôë
ϻȥԣԪĲӡ̫ЩΪܾװģĿġҶɲسվԱһá
ҶüƲʣԪүԼڷǼǲǺܲ
Ʋŵͷ˵ǣүȻûж˷𣬿˭óܽ꣬Է꣬齹꣬Ҳûҹ仹ʧߣ˯žͰҹò˯ˣ΢еʲôϾͻᱻѣʱһ麹ȥ鷿͹ط۵Ѫ˿ŵòᡣ
أҶʣǷͬղ˵㰲ˣƵģ
Ʋʵͷ󣬾ؿҶᣬҶô֪ģ
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Ҷῴ磬˵𣬴󲮸иôûġ
Ҷ¶𾪣侲ѹͲһ¶̫ˡ
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ҶɼͷԣæڵСѹСںߵģ档
ƲѾ޵̧ͷʵؿҶᡣ
ҶޣͲ˵
ҶˣֻӰƲһ֮ǰͷ·˵ȥԪ
Ʋʿ޵һһģòײᣬ˴ԺԪķ⡣
еķ䣬ҶĵԥǰһҶȣȥʲô˵
Ҷһ࣬˵ʲôͷȥһԵĳˡ
ƲܹܣûдˣܿҶ˺衣
ҶŲ豭۾ȴʱʱӣЩĲɡ
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չİ
ԱߵĶڳʣλӣ˭
ԪʶҶѦңⲢûλҶӡ
Ҷɲ˫ֱԪϣ󲽿ȥԪһģСӣϷͦ㰡ݣݣй
ҶֵɲǣԿҹӲܿƵɪһ¡
⵱ͻˣŭҶɣ˵˭ĪܵǼˣ֪ʲôط
ƽʱҶⱩƢָҪ⻰˸ݺݳһ٣μңòѹŻ𣬵˶һԹϱȥ˵лҪԪ̸
ⲻϣվŲ
˾ô۵С۵ؽš
˻Ԫ̵ػعͷŶ⣬ȳȥ
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ԪףƫͣҶѡ
ѣⲻòҶɵ˳ȥ
ҶҲ౦˸棬۷ʱʱԪԷβ˵Ԫĸ첲Сӣʵǲװð㣿
ԪͷҶɣˣ
ϵɻ١
ң˵üۼһƬȫҲǹӻþ
Ҷɱŵһ£㡢㵽ôˣ

520ûرˣ1

û£һ˾
ԪŴ⣬ޱӦҶһͷˮ㵽ǲû
Ԫ׿αϣ۾ˣһ仰Ը˵
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Ҷһǵòӳ˰ɣ
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ԪվӶ֪Լӵ״̬ܲ̾Ҷҵģת˵Ҳ͡
ιҶüͷø治װİ
ԪĻشǳĬٶ벻Ѱļž
ҶΣųȥ
ĶҶɳһ˽ȥԼȥ˹ӻʲôɵ
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Ҷôˣ
Ҳ֪ô˵Ҷɵ״̬Ǵԣʮ֮á
ʲôˣҶ׷ʡ
ȫ̶һ˵˳ĬǳĬżشһ䣬Щ޹ؽҪġҶ¶ȣҶְԪĻתСԪҸ˵һ͡
꣬Ҷϸ۲õķӦ
ҶûʲôģҽҲӦõԼ
Ҷһ˵Ҷɲôһ磬ĿתԱߵƲʡ
ƲʶҶ룬˽ȥԺ
ҶɲţֻֻԪ
ϰԪɵģ񰲾˵Ҷɾ˵ıŤ
Щ벻ͨԪ֢״ôģܴ̼ˣѵǱ÷Ϊʲôô˸һͷƤͻᷢ飬ò

ҶƲԺ
پ˵ҶˣϻϻŤͷŷŴƲСʱЦ˸к
Ҷòظ˸ηˣι
һɺض
Ҷº󣬿毣ҿ˵ιͿˣϲ㰡
毺лл
μСǳ˴кҲĻģΣлգҶᣬҶһ𣿡
ҸģԺҶЩн˵
ǸԶһˡ˵ţĿͶ毣ʵλֶŮٳЩţûбĹ˵˵š
û˵꣬Ҷͽ˹ȥ޷ģڸҲûС飬ι顣
Сﳤ޺˺ҲûʲôĻ
񰵰ۣЦ毰˴Ժӣ˵ԼЩ
ӦҶ˳ȥ
ԶӣƲʣʣҶأ
Ʋʵү
ʣԪ֪֪Ҷˣ
Ʋ˵֪ġ

Ʋ̾Ϣ֮ǰԺҶȥүҶͷţʱūҶ˵ү˵ˣ͡
ɫԪÿᵽҶᣬǹ˷ܾסҶԵţȻΪ
⺢ӣΪʲôؿڣüۼȫǵǣջǼջúõˡ
ƲʣҪҪȥǰԺ
ͷ
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棬ҶɻԪڡ
Ϊ˶Ԫ˵ҶóδйģԹԵظЦ
ȻڳԪκλӦ
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Ҷȥȴǲֱ
۴ŵˣԪôҲúдһ£
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ͻȻתСĵִС
Ϊݵִ޷ҵڣԽԽǣǻ赹ǰǼգԼˡ
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Ԫ»̧ۿڶԷĿע£ڻͷۿЩ죬żɳƣӦˣؼԺеһжİ
ڹʱżһ˵ĸоȫͬġ
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ر
ռ޸ΡʱżҾ뷨๫ܺãҲû취ڶʱ»ҹ˾ʱؼҵͷǿҡ
ʱ䣬һ˳׵Ӧһ
ڣҪʮͻȻŤתԭ״̬ãЩѶȡ
˼ذ϶ǻزȥˣ֮⣬㻹ʲôر£رû

521ܵ˶2

ԣԪٶĬ
˵ͷĶͻȻܽˣүˡ
ʱ磬үôͻˣ
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͵ˡٴθ
ͷʾ⣬η˲ؿ
ΡһۣϬسŷߣλꡣ
ԪĿͣƬ̣ջ͵ͣôˣ
Ȧˣ䵭߱ƹؼһӣǲѾԼϻҪ񣿡

Ϊβȥ˾𱸣㲻֪޳⼸պæ

ôƬ̣ԪԼرίÿһ仰Ĳ飬ɵãһžûû־˲˪Ƶģ
Ǹزס¶ˣֱüͷҶˣ㻹ûеͬģ
ܵ˶ܸͬġ
ԪһѪںҧгݵģԡ
ŶǽߵĶ౦иľƺӣװǰЩӴ޹ǵʥּģƺЦ£ңӣңͷˣпЩ߰ĶŻỼ
Ԫһܵ𣿡
ᡣƽ㲢Ƿ纮ȱ첲ˣвι㣿ȰúˣȰ㰴ʱҩ
Ԫ
ĺüŭĿӶӼǱߣҶѾ㰲źˣֻϿΣεȥ˾󣬼ǵÿհʱȥű
ԪĥɫͺһǸѧǰѹե
ֻǷʱ˵㣬ѹեˣ
Ԫŭ˳ֳ𰫼ϵĲ豭˹
ҪҸ
΢һɽס豭ϣ忡Ծһ޲ģ׻𩣬ʮ壬ʺϡ
ԪؿڼţһٵѹƣǿǸֶںڡ
߳ŵʱΡ񶼻ûߣȵţ޶˻
פ㣬޴󰭣ձȬ
ɴ۾ŵؿ
ΡݸȥԪ
ٴԪڣ̵ģסԪô
Ԫ沿ʹŤһ£ΣԳݷ伷һ
񣺡
ⷴӦȫȫԤϣϽԸ˶óʳ
Ԫûٷθʳƺͦǳ࡭
Щֱӡ
ʵȥʲôýҪ
Ըʢ¶οЩԣȵ
Ԫӹлл˵Ҩһ׾͡
񿴵Ц
ԪƺҲԼ಻ţ𽥷ٶȣʳŸ͵ЩӶûܺúóԷʵ̫ˡ
˵ܳǸҪԼȥԻУڵʲô᲻𾢶
Ԫ˼صͷ񣺡ҶǲǻǸϣ
˵ڡ
ҽ״̬ãͣҺúдһͻȥԪС￴Լ⸱ģҲͬ顣
ףǽ毵͵ģȻдãҪĻ㣬Ԫû¶𣿡
֪ǰ˵ʲôʲôԪǷ֮ڻָ񻹱һǡ
Ԫֺ˰ҡͷ֪
֪ԼǺʱģȻҲ֪ʱָܻ
ʲʲôǾͦˣϾԪܳԵ£ҲԸ⿪˵ˡ
ǰ״̬õĲһǰ㡣
ʲô
Ԫ˵Լûʲôԡú˯һ
ҲȷݣٴţȥźţȥǰҶɻڣΡš
ŴҶڵԪûţʵԪ극˵ҪԡúЪһЪ
Ρüͷ΢û˵ʲô
Ҷɣ
ҶɵıЩŤǰԪͬ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣС˵ԼôõЦƨһ̫Ӳ˶ãܳԣ˯ˣ
Ԫ֪ٱ飬Ҷɲſʣô˵үȬˣ
ӦáûаɣҲǺȷ
Ҷƽˣ⻹࣡
ֿΡʵҲ̫Ϊʲô
ϴԶ鶯õһˣͻȻ֮óĬԣвûԭ
ڣΡС̬á
߸֣ܽԪĲ
ҶɳءŶһŶȻζģ˵ɶ
ҶһֱθβŻؼңȻҶܱãԪ˻ͻȥ
ߺΡ޲Żپӡ
ûڣڳϣŸջѳΡ๫ô
ΡЦһΪҵ¸Ԫ˵ʲô
ûȤ֪ܻЩ˲ܲ͵Сܣǵٸף
ΡͬصͷתƵ¸µĲڣ˻ð磬Լ˹УȺˣٷú֡
Сⱦī๫ϣĸȳ
Ρīȳⱦ𣿡
ҲŶīȳⱦͲܽⱦˡԼеһɵ꣬һϣⱦȳ
һΡԴûرĿҪǺӿ֣ȡ

5221

Ԫԡ꣬ЪϢһҹ쾫ָ룬ùʳ֮ȥپӼ
Ҳ˼٣СһظߣһԻ㱨Ŀ
ûܣѧƼҡ
Сͦ죬̶̰¾ͰѼþȤ˵żҶǸĸ
С˵ԤͿ֧
ڸأ
ͷԪУ粽롣
磡һԪϷɱȥ
һֱȥǰԺ棬˶˵粡ˣȥ
СһﻹΪֻعˣһ˺ü죬ڼˣСȫ˷ܣצӺ޲ԪֱϾժ
ԪСԴʣǷżô˯
ߺҡͷ˵ѵġ
ԪЦϰԵ⼸չΣûһ뵽λʱòҲգȦ¡
û
Ԫʲ飬˲ͷ毶˵Ŀ뽺Լϡ
Ԫճȭյ߿һ£ҾǾ״̬ѶѣϢգѾָòˡ
һ£磬ǰЩɰŵòᣬү̶쵣ˣ̣ΪˣҪٲã˼Ҳüʲôأ
֪ԪЦЦⲻѾ𣿡
˵ţԭתȦ
̧ôòײżɫɱԼתһԷ¡
ԪӣСֹʵҲûô
бҲͭġ׼ٰҹûٲһΣû˾ȵ㡣
ԴˣԪԷ
ãȻ˵꣬ȻСԴԪ磬Ҫŷݡ
󲡳ƻԪ棬ʲôȤһҪŷݣ붼ûͬˣʽзû
ҡͷ˵ûС
ԪҲ鷳˵ûо
毴кԪСһţֵ˵ʧԺſڡ
οؿŶ˱Ӱջʱ񣬡̫ӵµ׸˵ʲôѽΪʲôһҹ֮Ͳҩˣ
ЦһۣСңôʲô
ѵñָʧϸֲּ˼
̾˿¸˵ʲôҲ֪ԪΪλᲡǻ֪ˡ
毵Ȼǵã뾩꣬رãֻǿܣ˭Ҳ;÷رؼң͵ܵá
ôһ룬毺ȻԪп갡Լ˹ˡ
ÿɷڳƬ̣毼˵¶
ΡȻ٣Ծæòɿ
ǵŵˣְѴ붫;һƬͽ˶಻ʤÿնгɶѵİš
żͷһΡǰԺдһ죬ɴĴӺߣȥлҶ˶㣬лס˰ѧ⡣
Ρʱüۼȫƣ֮ɫ
̲סЦлӱͰΪʲô뵽ȥҶң
ΡȻҲûϵԼ
һʱ鼱˵ʱû룬ǴСһ鳤һ뵽ֻ
ˡδˣļֻʣһ졣
ҲȥΡܿȶͶͣڼ㡣
аɡ˵㻹ҵķϣ˶һ±
ȥͬ
ȥԪȻؼȲҹҴˡ
ѵл˳Է¡
ӰԪĻָ鹦Լȥ飬µʱҪúðݰ˵ĳ顣
ԪСһڹǰϰݵģѣŹȥϵذݡ
ʱĻ±
˵꣬ʮòһ˵һ±ҡ
ǿϼݸԶͶ˶ûȥθСһÿ˷ַһ±ֵǿƣԥһ£СצӰ±룬Ҫһȥ룬ķ֮һСȻһݸǿơ
ˣ
񣺡±ҪһԲԲô±ģϿ¸һ
˵Ҹһеġ
ҲС̬ȼô˵棬ö̫ʧ
Ŀע£òµ˸±ǿơ
ǿǰӵģλСʮԸ񣬵μô˵棬ֱŽĹһ飬Ȱ±룬ٰѶ֮һ룬ԼţСǿݸӡ

5232

μ˶԰ġ󲻾ΪѼֲֻ֣ԪĿɿڴƬ̣ү̶ûӦҲߣСʶ⣬ô¶
͵ദģʽ֣С˵ĳɵûУʱʱǮӣӵһƢҲûУʲôǸС󡯵ġ
˵ţܽҼҷ粻ϰɡ
Ҫ鵽μң˫ֶġ
һ˵Ԫ˼˽⣬ĿڰϴһȦ
ԪߣҲŤ󣬿ڵүû˵ҼӳԶǸ˷ʳˣһŵ˵ðҹܳ˯
Ԫˣ˵ʲôԡ

󣬹Ӽ࿪ѧճ칫
ԪȥӼۡ
빬࣬һͬͽҵȥˣһѧʶ
ֲʶֻǵĲʶ
Ԫʶǣеľˣڡ𩡱ȴ׹
˲Ÿ˵ԪҪ࣬ÿöˡ̽ڴſڣֻԪһ־ˡ
Ԫȫûϵѧ飬ǰûʲô׼ͷŸӼżͱ˺ڲһסԴ̧˫˫ųҵá
˵ǹһѧ
Ԫ˵ģûͷоԼ˷ƿͷĲãȻؿǰˡ
һɫİ۳ñԪϤǹӼƷ⼸ƫСһŽģӦǱгĹٶ
ڣһλѧЦеθ磬ǹҵôʲôҪֻᣬ⡣
Ԫ˺ðβŷӦѹٹ¾Ҫĩˣÿ඼ƴʱתȥܴƽɼ
ԪЩЦãЩǴĿҪһģ
ȻŸ꣬󷽾ʹһ˵
ǹҵõǲӱ¿ˣ̫Ӱ̫Խ̳ŽԪƾʲôǹһ
һôˣǰ˵ܲ˭Ǵӹһģ
˼ˮƽҪһ𣿡
˭Ҫˣֻǡ
ֻȥ԰ɼȻ޳ܣ
䲻ֱ̣ӳ
ԪһʼͦʣϾͷһ֪Լһ֮⣬ѧϲԽԽԪϵıľҸˣֱȥҼƴˡ
ԪڹӼİţ֪ˣ˼ƴ˼ʱЦʮֺͰʲôʱϿΡ
Ԫ뵽ЩΪѵؿڵƴˣѧиƳ󣬻ͨһ
ѧʦżСȫԱԭµģοԪֹѧƴ˳޿ݵ̬ȡ
£ֻ˵
ԪֻϵĿΣλ¶
ȥţ
Ԫ£ƴô֪ģ
޼˵֮ǰѾߴкˡ
Ǽƴͬ𣿡
޼Ʒ𩣬֪֪ӼΪҪ°л
Ԫҡͷ֪
޼ǸʵˣҲӣлҪΪӼĻƣֻҪ㱣֤Ŀƿ´ԪʲôǶɣѧǾκ
νԪָԡԺ͵Զ°ס
ĿǰԪֻǽԪҪﵽ޼ƵҪ»Ԫ״Ԫ
ԪͷˣѧεĿγҲϡ
޼ź룬Ҫţ㿴ңҾͶͦġ
ԪΪʲôܰѸʩѹĻ˵Ƶᰡ
ԪǳԷ˯ô򵥵¶
ѧһ챻ȥҲˣƴҲ̺ݻ
Ԫ̾ٷ磬ΪʲôЩֻõĲŻ
һ̾ԪԼĶ߳޼ƵĹֱȥá
ѧȹһö࣬Ԫȥʱ򣬳˶
ԪȻ⣬ֻεġ
ҵԼλãԪԴķıóڰϣ͵һס
һÿ˯
ǲϰѧٵڿٶȡ
뵱鷿Ϊı̬ҪϿεξ͸ƵģٶȣСعͲ֪Ķȥˡ
񻻸ѧãѧٵֻ˻ǲûԱ
ȻǹЩԪоԼѾѧȤ֧ϳԴֱ˯˹ȥ
λѧģмְ˵Ŀ˯üͷ𩣬شҸղŵ⡣

524˾ˣ1

ſǵλѧѧٺܸӣһһŽߣߵԪԱߵʱ򣬽鰸˵˵Ŵʽʽ
£˵ĿˢˢԪϡ
߾Ӷࡣ
ôϵһÿΣԪЩϰߣ˯ú죬û
ѧɫÿĽһá
Ԫȥ鷿ʱӦϢҲΪϿδûٱʣ죬վ۾ûȫͻγ鷿ĳ⣬Ҳ룬ŨŨ˯⣬𣺡Ӵִ¾ҡ
ѧ٣
ͬ
Ҳиµ꣬鱾סͣСң֣ϵΡ
Ԫѧϵ飬ȻǺǡӡ
ѧûӲģӼѧĵطǼԷ̬ͳȥΪڹߴӹӼĹأǲȱӵܣӼǡǡҪıˡ
Ԫ̬ⷽѧ˵һ䣬ŵͷʾʮͬ
ĺ޳ܣû취
ѧţ£ţкãҰѹŴʽһǧ飬һ罻
ʱѧǰλͬչʵңˮƽ͸ýҵˣǵܻ
Ԫ˰ŷӦң֡
ǷպīŴʽһģİɡ
ͬ棺鷿ǲǶôԸ񰡣
Ԫʼһ£뵽Ǹ˲Цܵ˷ָģȻʧЦɡ
ңˣһÿɾûˣôã㶼𣿡ͬӣư졣
Ԫд˶ʮ飬ëӵϴһ¶ͬߡ
Ŵʽ̫ҡɡŶݼס
̫ӵ鷿Ŀγ̺ܷḻḻӼԪҲǸողŷӦӼſγǽżȥġ
ʵǴȫӼ˲ŰԪš
ͬģ˸û˵λ£ͬкøУһ߳ԷһֿΣңֿǧŪˡ
Ԫż飬粻ˡ
ͬѧٲ˵̿Σ鷿˺Ű

֮ͬݣԪûؼңڿһ˵Ľڳ˰Ŵʽʱȥ˾
ƺյڴôûкޱسǰš
ԪûӦ
ιιιԪ׷ôأ
סŲ֣£
û¾Ͳܸк𣿡ԪûҪԼ˼棬Ǽұֲ㣬ҪҲôŤˣ
Ҳи޶ȣܵӼʲô
ԪӦ˵ǸĹŴʽ
úЦұ𶼲Ÿճ͵õϢ˰ǲ˼ң
ӡĿбӵؿǰ̫ӰֳôĶ벻֪ѡ
Ԫǣǲûѧʵʲô𣿡
뵽һ£ȻһţҲ˵ˣһǧŴʽأٲֵðҹ
ֱ꣬ӴܽĹ鰸ǰһֽīͷͿʼд
վ⣬ͷԪһۣ΢С
ֱ½Ϻү룬ת뿪
ԪĹһ磬ֶ쳭˲ǿһǧ飬ʱ˿̣˭ҪǰἰŴʽ⼸ֱ֣³
īɺ֮ԪֽŻʹĸ첲ŤŤӣȥ͸͸׼ؼҳԷ
ȴ˾һСʲôһùŹ֣ڴʲôʻ
ԪǰǼϹ֣ӡ
Ԫ۷ɨȥһʧɫĪǷڱ˵һɣ
Сǲҡ
Ԫʹĸ첲أ
һԴ˸֧֧ᡣ
ţ
һ˹˸ˣԳǹӵ׾˾ˣͬ
Ҿ˾ˣԪٿسȰȥĻŲӺܿ⡣
ĴʯʨԹȻվŸŵԲ쳤۵ݸӣʲôŲԽߡ
ʯϣһԲ
ԪһԪԪɿ˾˰
ԣ˲ͷԪ֪ʱѾվԼԲ࣬ʣʶ
ԪϸһۣȻЦ⡮ңӡģһҲˣ˾˶û׼գһƾնһԵ˵ǲǣ
Ĭδһʡ
Ԫܻ˼ð˾˵ˣɽղŸճһǧŴʽʵ̫ۣڰ֣Ը߰ɡ
ԶǵСɣԣθߣԪ˾˰ҪţȥɣҪôܻ;Уμ̫һͶϾҵ⵱˾˵㡣
Ԫԭأ˵ʲô
Сɼɫѿ̾Ԫô治Ǿ˾˲㣬ţңүү̲׼ʵû취
ƣԪٸҺ֣Ų˰ӳǣ
ԪСɼ£ζɵĹŮŶѾʮˣΪԼɵ𣿡
ԪȭͷתҪţһץסҡͷ˾ةһͱȥز޵Ĳˣڡ

525۶壨2

ԪԼ侲ٶתĿԹʯʨӣСϣȰ˴ȥˡ
𩡣סʲô£˵
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ԪĪˣ˾ڡ
һʱһʱ˵ţԸ˴ȥ
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侲ӳ嶯ȥһ˵ʲôۣضܿء
Ԫ˦ٶսȭͷۣҵļ£ܲܲҪܣ
䣬ҴӦᾡշ㡣
ô˵չܶ𣿡
𩣬侲һ㡣
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𩣡סǰЩӾų⣬˲ܴ̼
أ
ԣ㲻ܵ٣Ҳҵ߷Χڡ
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Сɵʹ£תͷ˸ңҲ֤Լʲô
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Ƭ̣

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Ϊʲôң
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𩣬֪֪ڵӣֱ˸ˡ
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526ңҲܵģ1

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Сɲһǰˣſڵ
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5272

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529ˣ2

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530߼1

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޴󰭡
ԪҡȻطˡ
˵꣬ҲΡڣҲƵ뿪˴
ԭΡȥÿջСġ
ɻߣ˻ȥ
˵ס˵ĲǼ¡
ܵΣĿǰδ֣סĺãΪһʱͻȻðľ˾ҡ
ȻԽԼ侲˵ǷݺԽǿҡ
Ϊӣ˽ԼĸʵɣӦɣ쾭ɣ
ҹԪʧˣշת࣬ڼ벻С֮ǻһޣʱҲû
ΡˣѾȥ˾٣ĿǰӶڼ
緹ʱ򣬸档
û˵Сǵ¶Ρ㲻֪ԪеĸֻǼ̫ãеһ䡣
Ԫڷܵ˾ŽǸɻˡ
ʮĸӣΡοѡ
ֻû
ԪԹ緹ȥ˹Ӽ࣬Ρȥپӡ
ѲãⱦﱧȥιˣŴͷࡣ
ǰﰦ̾˵⺢ӵզ¶ٶ쵱ϸǰˣ˵ù͵ùϱǰûоĲԾ
С룬Ʋæӣ˲죬ǲȥſڵȥ̫Զˣû취Ӧʲô¶
ƽû
ˡףûʲôá
ж㣬ûȥ£ƽڳġ
֪Ǵµƽ飬еƽΡ϶顣
ʱﱧⱦһͬģΡ
һۿнӹⱦͬʱֹס˻⡣
æʣɣоզ
޴󰭡Ρºͣô͹ˣ
ӺԿһۣͷϱ࣬˳˵
꣬ϵСʳжˣһ¶
ΡӦá
ߺΡ
Ӧøպҩϻйɵҩζ
ˣ˳˶õļ٣
һ¡Ρӡ
ºӵĲ˼ƽʱУͻȻôһ䣬˾˵
񲻷ϣԼбů
ЦЦ˵˾æδ˾ͲԼ˺ȣ
Ρæ͵㻹ã
Ǻáüֶһӣÿ춼һһ£˭Һأ
ΡЦǿһ֮ڣֻܿˡ
ð㡣˵ǮֻҪ㲻βģһӶС
ΡŶ󣬾͸Ҹ˳ŵһӣ֪һǶ೤
֪ҡͷ๫죬Ҿ͸Ź¡
ΡԱߣСѾͷţ˫ںԲƺ˵
Ρû취ֻС
ΡΪ˸׺̫ŨܸоŮ࿴ۡ
ˣƴСϲ
ӽıѾ󵽽ⱦ
͹Ů˻ΡҲڵӣԪǲʲô£
Ƭ̣˵˳Сˡ
Сɣ
Ԫ׾˾ˣ֪ΪʲôͻȻǸ˵¶ɷ֮̾ǰԤе̫Ԫر֮ĹϵҲ
ûǰ׼Ǿùĸ£֪ǵĿ˵֮ӣ˸ȻͼӴٳɷ֣ҲѾʮ꣬ʱѧԼжǷˡ
У֪ʮĸ֣˵һ
Ρ๫㲻ԹŰɣ
ҲաΡʮһֱ̫ãʱһˡ
ûɿĿǰܻھᣬȥ˾ˡ
Ρƽ޷

532թ1

Ԫһ˾˼գ׻ûס˾ʱպΡʹţվûֱԶŽתΡҡ̸̸𣿡
ΡԾɱǰԴĵЦ⣬ȥ̸
Ԫһ£ƺЩΡ侲Ӧ
ԷûвԪȥ롣
λھÿջ˵Ѿ˺üգ룬ʱһˡ
Ρǰ꣬ʮ꣬Ѿߡ
ϲֵĺһȥ
ڰ첻ͣʼ볤ıӻЩ޷ѡ
ԪݲܣΡûһ⺢ӻʵԼͷԵһʱ±ԼԤҪö࣬ķӦҲƽͣʧء
֪Ҫţܿŷ
ԪΡ룬һǰһȥ
ڼС֮ǰΡ̬ȻݿȴΪһԵø롣
ڣԪ֮һֱĬ
Ρ̹Ȼؿ˾
Ԫʵش𣬵ȳһžų˳ͲңҪȥ˭
Ρ΢䣬ʡ
ʣΪΰɣẦὫվ
Ԫûǻ
С뾩֮ǰһֱԼĬʮ۵һԸӡ
Сɵĳ֣֤ʵβһ
þġ
벻ڳͣ
ÿջʱԪȻҪǲˣҲʲôҪˡ
ΡͲԼź
޹ؽҪˣ̸ź
Ԫ˵⻰ʱʼûֱΡ
ùԡ
̫¶ǡ
Ρ˿⣬ÿջӾǰͷԶ
ˣǼһɡ
˵䣬ͣΡ˵ֻ֣
Ԫȴһֱ
ڣΡֹ
֮Ρûٳ棬ĿƽؿŹˡ
Ԫã׻
Ρ˾ҿջ
Ԫס
̽Ρʡ
Ԫָ߬
ǲҡ
Сܵ˾˵ǷѾЩֽǸ˿˵ʲôĻԼٴβܿء
Ρչüûˣȥɡ
á
棬ԪΡջ̨Сסķλã˲ľߡ
˶СɣҪܳȥɢҥԣǸ첻ߵģڿջԣҪÿպþƺòˣˮŮź
£ԪΡյ¥ݿڣĳ䷿ﴫЦ
վޱ飬ڵγš
Ԫ빰֣ӡ
迴ˣȥɡԪԸµл
˶Կһۣǡ
¥Ԫš
ϷȻֹСɳͷ£˭
ҡ
Ԫ͸ż⡣
§˵Сɻһ£뵽ԼϻδȬı޺ۣæƿŮӣš
Ŵ򿪣ԪһۿΡ
ʣ磬гɴԼܼŮŵ̻¶ۣϰźˣ˶Ҳη壬½һ£ӯӯЦų֮
Ԫüͷݺšһ£ĿŲСϣҪģ
ɣԼôܻ˰Ů
СһԪ뵽ʱ׺ӣЩ£Ů˳ȥ
ԪԱߵΡʱĿЦһ£ɣ겻㻹ǲǵã˭
Ρδһʣ̧ݡ
Ԫ˳ְŹϡ
Сʹթñʲô¶򲻳һҹɺɩܴСҲǸС죬û˾ûˣɲͬһɨأֻ¾ݲ㡣
ΡɣڣҪʲô
СûϵΡˬ죬𴽽ǣڷȻԽԽãԪķϣҲΪ㣬ӣֻҪһĲٵؽϣұ֤Ҳǰ
ԪһСɣ㣡
Ԫ㶼˰ɣСɹЦɾǺ֣ҪôΪ޸ĸĹ¶Ҫ飬ôôĽԼ£ʮˣǲǴû߹δɷ򸾵ңμҵˣ
Ԫɫѿ㲻׵𣿡
СЦԶشܵף㵱ɵ𣿲¸ǣѾǰͨˣչֻҪûյҵϢͻɺɩ鴫ȥԣֻյʱ׼ӣһӶ١
ԪȻĿ⣬СɹԹңﵱʵ̫ԩˣӣ;ƽ˳δ˶ԣһ㶼֣ҪԹԹ˵ؿֿɩǸù˲Ĳ֮ˣ
ʱһֱĬΡڵӣ󣬲ЩǮ㲻á
СĿָΡң
Ρһĳȣ㲻ǣұȲͷϡ
Сɳ˵Ŀ⣬Ρ̧ͷû´ڵǳض˫˫ˣֺ޴ȥͷԾɸĲöĳϰߣǷ²ծ񣬴˷ϾթңΪõӻծ
Ρϸ䵭Ц⣬˵㲻¸Һģ仰ҷ㣬Կҥ׷ծЩ

533һֱӣ2

û뵽겻Ρ⸱˷粻ĳС
СŭЦð㲻Ҿȥƽس¹ƽҪ㲻ԣҪ˼ǸĹŮ
ԣΡĿ
ԪǰһץסСɵ죬ں˵˵Щʲô
ҵûк˵˵ʲ֪ˣСһ˦Ԫ֣ЦһˣӲӣȢﻹЩ¶ҪŪ˾ֻ֪μҴӽ󶼱ھ㰲
ԪŭѾȭͷҪСҡ
ΡٶȴСɣ㻹֪ʲô
֪ģȻֹЩ
֪Ǳ˳ѾƣСɵԽԽηһЦʮֲ
Ԫ޿̣һȭϡ
СƺһܱѪһĨƷ˾ة۸һҰСʲô£ΡôңһųȥҲʹģ
㣬˳㱳ӣΡв豭ĳΪ͢٣Ҫʩͽ䣬Ҳʲô¡
ΡҾ㣬ҪҶҰ֡
ΣΡ˵㱳ӵΣ
СɺȻͣٿΡȴԹ
Ԫŭɶ˳ְѳгϵɴᣳšӽס
ԪɡΡ
˶ôܷŻɽ
ǰС˵ҪΡӷڷѵʱԪʶԼϵƭˣˣѹͲǳ׵ģĳЩαİѱвѡ
һ̣ԪѾȥ׷ֱվǱߣǱʶѡ
Żиոѿڶһ
̫ͻȻΡĿһ£漴ߡ
Ԫҧź鲻ԸɿСɡ
СŻѪıӣΡҵţ
˵꣬ͷҲصˡ
ԪڰˣΪʲô
һöӶѡΡ˴ҲʲʲôοΡ̧ĿԪײԪ׾˾ˡ
Ԫһ˺˰벽Ҿ˾ˣҳôΪʲôû
Ρ̧
Ԫ
ΡҲ֪˵ʲôҾбҪ֪
⻰ԪĿھһ£棬߲Ρϡ
ʮǰȷʵΪȥسǿԣŻڻ;бɽʵ˾˵ҲûҶ
Ρ˵ĻÿһֶûڶĤԪٵغţȦˣԭأɽΪҪɱҵ
غЩҶ׵һλɽ֪ﲻ˴ǣҵسǻ;УǼλɽһǹǻȥ˵ʹɱ֣
Ԫʱǲֻаգ
ǡΡףŸգ㲻ˣ԰Լ£ԭôȥģû롭
û
أԪһĨᣬҾ˾˵ү̲үҡ
һΣΡûֱӻش𣬶𣿡
Ҳţǡ
˵оݣ޴ж٣Ƿˣ
ǡԪͷ
Ρĵ׵㯣ʱ꣬Ƿȷʵƾһ͸¶ۣһ㣬ɥʱֹһǮʱͷ˵μҶҵĲʮ꣬ҲȷûŹү˾ĸȴûôǵԭ򡣡
ԣү̲Ǽң֮ûٹң𣿡
ΡˣôģҲ
Ԫڼɬ֪ǻڵĻģҾ˾Ϊβ磿
ΡĿģֻΪ֪ˣ˷ͣҲһô
ԪԭأΡһһ䣬·ֻصԼ׻׻̵ʱ
촽鶯ãڳ塣
ΡػȻǸʵС𣿡
ΡЦҡͷûж࣬һֱӣһʮ꣬һꡣ
ͻȻ֮ȻʲôԪø棬
š
Ԫ뵽ղСɵĻü˵Щǲģ
Ρѵ¼ҵˡ
ԪףãҲ

534ôأ1

˵Ԫ˶յ鳩ƺΡһȻ뵽ʲôְѾƺȥڵ߰ɡ
Ρôȣ
ԪҡͷҾãȶ¶
Ρ˼ؿһۣһΪڹôãˡ
Ԫ˼ؿ˿ȣУ²ҺȾơ
ΡһĹȻȴδûкô
Ԫÿɷ
Ӷǰ¥ؼҡ
Ρԭȥ˵˵Сɵ£ȴ֪շˣֻգڻ԰̣ͤӶ˹ȥġ
پӡ
ǰһѾؿҸɶأô˸ɹŮ
Ůôˣ񷴲Ǽⱦɰ
˵ţصذСѾͷ¸ǰ˻Ρ
ºŮ˫ȫ㶼֪ôNɪˡ
ЦˣܲȥɶӰɣ
ҭһ£ͻȻйˣģӻǹŮֲ
ͷʱⱦС񣺡Сⱦأ
ηķƴʦȡġ
Ǽһصȥʦºʲôû
ûԼȥʴʦԤ֪¶ڵĳδȥ»Ըʦȡ˸֡
ǲǵʱ֪ǸŮˣ
ԥҵûʡ
һ̥ǶӵԵʣڶ̥̬ܺãǿǶŮֻƽ
Ĭ
ԷӰ
ϴӲקȥǩǩĳ棬˺Ӳ˵˻ȫޡ
ǰڽƽǮȥ⡣
ȥ˼²Ըἰڷµκϸڣת⣬ʣǸׯô
ֻǸͶǮȫˣׯСʱӺУϸµĿҲˣ𲽣Щ²ģȶѪϣת
̻Щ⾭֪ӽжѣοǰû⣬ͷĺܶŵ¶û
Ŀۿ־ͳ˴µ˸ɹŮķݶϣôŰɣҸҵ˵һĻãǼ࣬Ӧ죬ھҲзУõһֻ뾩ʱ˿֤ܰ档
İЩ˼ôһæҪôл㣿
²⻰¶ǴĿĵģ
ҲҡЦţֵƣֻǸŵ˶ѣ󻹵ǰָ̡
ЦЦ
뵽ԼүշֳǻʲôûУòܹð˼ׯ޳ȥҪһȲһӣȫάһҵĿ֧á
ĸһǮ¶²ֻ֪֪ΡپƷûõĻٺߣǼҵĽҪǵÿ
үӴȼˣôѶӲŹ
ͬǼ˶࣬ͷйҪŮǻǮĵط⿿ӿ϶
ңһֱµĸоǱġ
Ľ˶һ찤ܶˣÿʲôӡ
ţ¼Ƥһأع񣬶ԷڶŪĹŮɨۣʣǸֶŮأôҽҲûˣ
صƸȥˡ
Ƹ֮ǰѾ˼ңֻССû̫סһң˵һ䡣
ŮƤҪ˯ϾģҲ̫зȴһ¿ƽʿδƵۣȽڵʱһͬȥ̤࣬ʱͬһã޲ڣԼҲͦ⣬֮񣬻¾ôˡ
أʣȻǼҶûʲô飬ϣʱٲҪһС
飬ŵ毻Ϣˡ
뵽ʲô£м㡣
ʲô¶
СӵСӾͿˣǼһ⼸ղڣһû⣬ͷأռô꣬ز٣ҳ⣬ôȥ
ۣСӵСӣǲǳǸҵĹ
ǡ
¿һ󣬡˵ѫңϵ̫ҲС
˵صϣƲȥѿ̵ⷿĲ
󱾣ֱӵݸ£Ǽҵļҵ׶ˣҺϼƺϼƣôȥá
½ӹ˷ͻȻЦǼҿУǨ뾩Ǽ꣬Ѿôʵˣǰ϶û¶١
ͬҡҡͷֻ˸ȴҲ룬ȥʣµģóǼҪױ۳ԪȢҲˣʱ򻹵óȥһƸ񣬰ЩһĽⱦʲôֲţÿܡ
ôһ˵ȷʵͦеġ淭֮Ʋʰīһ濴һڵд
ǵθ²Ҹдһٵã˵ݸĿ
棬±񵥣⣬һԷ۲ʴƿһɰȥͬⷿԿһƲʣȥĶ׼á
ߺΡûپӡ
ǰһֱûΡӦǸԪȥСˣֱʣ鴦Σ
ȷʵԪ˾ˡΡֻʲôָ㣬֪ҵĺܶ£һʼҪӵķڷѣûҪֱˣ»Ļ֮˵кξġ
Ƥһҵ¶
ţǲ֪ɩ֪࣬㲢¶Ů
ôأһţСɱˣΪʲôһ㷴ӦûУ

535̫̫ûˣ2

һоȴԤвڼǰʱݣ¸ϵҪȥɽúؿںƣȴʼûֲõԤС
ֳͬ²⣬ҪôСɴҪǮģҪô˶첻в๫ֿԸһ㣿
˵Ρҡͷһܿ϶СûҪǮ뿪ǣܻܿٴεš
̾ϢԸҵԤг⣬ǺͼǰһĽǺõģԤв
Ρ֣ḧƽ΢üģǰڲ¥Ԫĸ򡣡
ת̫죬˻ŸϣԪʲôӦ
ΡʱΣ˵ԪĽѽ⡣
ԪЩӵķͱŤȫֱΪԼ๫
μҵ¶غ󷿣һ޽СûȨ֡
ο廹ϵˣԪĽΡϣԼ˵ٶûá
Ѿ񲻽ѺǰһһֱţԤ￴һΪ߲һ֮ϾϵҶˡ
Ρϣһ£ٳЩ
Ȼǰѡ侲ֹߣԴԪ˵ףͷϵĽվľԶ顣
СͻȻðԪԣδزһξѵĿ顣

εĻڱ£ӣû취ǰȥΡˣܳϯ¶䵽ͷϡ
Ҳܣ߶źþûŮóô˻ȥơ
ԼʰѾߺ˱ȥ˽
һȥҹŻ
ûлٰãһʱپӡ
Ѿ˯ˣƲ˵ŹֳƤӺһͳȥôϲŻ
̾Ǽ̫̫ûˡ
Ӧǰϲ¶𣿡
ǰϲ¶˵ǰŸճϻȥã̫̫žͺۣԺӵıϲƻûأͻ˰׳鷢̫ͻȻæýͷö°һĺӣŻġ
λ̫̫񲢲İÿǱһ¶Լϯ˵ϼ仰
̫̫䱳˵ȴͦЦ
̫̫װҪˡȢηʱٶʮʮ꣬ĳ޳ŮŸյӣ˼Ҹžͼݺȥˡ
ϲɥͬһ죬⻹δżδ
񲻽ЩһҹżҵĴϾÿһŶԼһĵ춹ģμ޵Ļʫ񴫼ҵŵڣعأһĸôСⱲӵӶùˡ
ĵͦ࣬Ҳֻ룬Լһ߲ŵĲʲôæﲻϡ
̾˿ʣ̫̫ǲޣ
ǰˣź˵̫̫ǰ˵Լûźˣߵͦġ
ŵĻָпæЦӹǽʣӻء
Ӱڰ֣Ưã㵽;ˣֹһһζܣ˽ײġ
򴽣̫̫곤ôأ޶ڷǾûʲôøпģͱ˼ˣŪҸܡ
һ⻰ͻȻӦϱ꣬յͣ㿴ңһûǰ˵˵ϱúӣͷ¶ͱˣһء
˳
̫̫ͻȻȥȻϧԼŴ顣
ҹûô˯ãΣεθ˰׳ͣ߹ľǹŵģаɥϸ̫ʵѹʱЩֲԼǻصʵξ
񡣡
ߴΡͳ»ɤ
ƫͷӡ
๫
جˣΡùϵ˿˲ͷϵ亹
ûСʸڷϣСʱ˵Ĳ˵ΣҾ㲻ϣǸҲ̫һ㶼ٻ
ոɥ˵̫̫ûˡΡ뵽ǼŰѹŮ޳ȥͰɥܵӰ죬ɫЩ
ҹˣ˵Ӹճţ̫̫ͺϵۡ
뾩꣬ͷһɥ£Լͬ뵽λϡ
๫ⰲȥɡʵڲУԪһˣ˵Ǽ̫̫Ӳ
˼Ҳμɥ磬뷨ࡣ
Ϳˣ鲻á
ΡĬƬ̣ڣԪȥʣȥɡ
أôȥ
һָĿ졣Ρ˶Լۣողı˵ûʲôˡ

Ρ߳پӵʱԶһ˹شӻ԰
վס
Ρס
ԷֹסŲΡæ񣬡ү
ΡǿƵС˰۵кɣ㷽ȥ԰ˣ
׵үӣСȥժ
˵ţ
Ρۡ
ԼӶź򣬻ź
Ρû˵ʲôͷð¡
֮Ρѹ½ʰʲô쳣
µǰЩСүͤһöûʱʱؾȥ԰ɡ
ΡԸˣʶˮԵȥѶ
˶٣ֵҵ֮󣬵һʱҿ
ӦŴȥ塣
θĺټ˶࣬ûĹöͱϴ͵Ρǰ
ΡӹжƬ̣ü΢΢£
һö壬ļ

5361

һöѪ˫壬ѪƷɼ֮ϸǷƷ
ΡãһʱûԼʱεؼһö壬ù°Ѷûȥ
µիʱ򣬰ڽ̽д֣ǿһī
ͣӽһоֹ˸롣
ӵӦƢȴõò񻰣С˵˵û˺ӵ¶оֹҾ֮ܶθͲͣǹ졣
ǰ˻ͷƼ
ԸԼд̧߳ѧţʣ𣿡
µүһҴȥҶ̵һö壬㿴ǲģ
̽ͷһۣĿЩ͡
ҵġֽӹлʹ£үô̵𣿡
ǡ򣬡Сˣ˱ӣɲһĺģˣ壿͵ģ
󺬺Ӧһʣү壬û˵ʲôɣ
»ʱΡķӦȷʵЩͬѰЩ¶ûҪһС˱ֻүӲڱǷǣǿѣ˵ʲô
û˵û˵ôʲô
ƲƲ죬Ӱյȹ뿪µתѧã̽д֡

ΣΡȥ˳
վڴӴǰ˲٣ǳľʶ
ΡϺ飬үе̫̫ûǼҸϵ̸ŵɣ
ΡӦĸ޴󰭣ֻҹȾЩ纮ǰ䣬¡
Ȼ̫̫ӹҪ˵ţΡǰȥá
̫̫ĶӣԶڱ߹ش̣һʱϸТӶ֧ǱԸģعڹľǰ
һս⸴ܣսʱ֧Ϊ˲ǣ׷뽫߻ϵ
ϲûң˴ĻᣬʱսΣ͢Ϣʱö֪ǰЩ˾Ѿ˺ȻĻǰս˵һǧ˿ع˶ãһ̾ձʤ
һʤϱٹޣӵ˵ĻȻ
֧һʾã̫̫һû˾Тӣ֧˳µ˽Ի潫Т
οЩ˵˼ȴҲû취̫̫ߵͻȻܵ˷ТЩͼʱ˿Ҳòǡ
£³˵үһТӱˢˢ̧ͷһĿƵؿΡ
֪λǵ購𿴽پƷϽȴǹغ˾һ¿ƽʿһںԺాѾƹҪţڵеķ֪
д˵ıɱ̫һԭ֮ܲΡصľơ
ǸʱΡֻǸССĺֹ١
ڵǰֱԲʹûɹǷȡȻҲԳΪ֮ģĳЩڼŹ֮ҷʡ
Ϊ˵Ρ񶼻֪Լͱ¶ʿΪ䡣
佫ֻ⸴һ֧;ΡʿģҾүȻڿ˼ͽᡣ
ЩˣΡһҲʶֻ̫̫ǰ˰ݾȥˡ
ǰŸ̤żͱ֧һλ껽ס
ԷػһΡĿ
ɫǺ죬Ҳ˲ãһԵ˵Ľ߲Ѿãܷ£
Ρ⡣
ûϰϣӦӦӦͳȥ㣬ҪôȥͬżңҪôȥл
¶ΡĿǰûκԸЦ߾սңҹδȶĳȫѪ;ע˾ʵӦʶտҪʧˡ
⻰ʵûٱ֮⣬ȴࡣ
ȷµ︷񰲣߾ΪǵȷѪꡣ
˾ةھǣϵ߹أǹʵ塣
굱͸׳־˵ʦˣҪȥͶΪս
ϷԵһĻֱΡ˸иԼơ
úܳɹ֧ӵܶӡ˲˼ΣһΪϱ֮о⡣
Ρĳ֣л֧ϵ֮Ρ
λ沶˵̬
Ӧˣ԰ΡͳãǰЩ֧ӵܣðĵطү
޷ΡݸҲѧаˡ
ҹ⣬̫̫Σȥûбŵơ
Ρһһڰ˳䣬˺һΡȥˡ
Դ׵ˡȥӪ̥ǣüۼĸ֮Ǳȥ˼ѵõء
Ϊ̫̫ĺһûۣ۾ˣΡЦЦôҪҲǰ˵һҺдд㡣
Ҫд˿ɲֹһΡΣڰ˳䡣
ˡܿÿ̫̫ޣûôѹĵģͷ
ηվԱߣԲ廰磬ųţ̫̫ûˣպűϲӣǼȴڰɥһֱƼһΪѼãܲܳ
ǰӵܶΡ̬ȣηȫ
첻ߵӵܶ綼ĽмӣƼŵڣȻҲ飬ֻҪϳ棬СżҾͲΪ̫̫˰ۡ
Ρˡ޶˺ǵǣͷӦ£صģȻҸƼûʲô飬Ҵ֪ôշүӡ

5372

ʱһ졣
ڻϣŵؿԼ𪽿۵˫֣κˡ
С㡣ͻãȻ˼ء
ū澲𻨸⣬ҪǶĻȵӡ
ī㣬Ѿߡ
ֽƿһǣīͷ֧ϲɫ黨
ǰΪСѾͷϵġ
ϲΣصķڣһţˡ
ȴƫƫص˸ռ޸Զ졣
뵽Լϱӱƭ飬ƼǸܾ裬һȻصҪƼҡ
βЦĪǣ
īڼ
ʵȻƽҲŰɡ
뵽ʲôʣī㣬Ǳ߿ʲôϢ
īɻ󣬡СָʲôϢ
κЩʡ
ϱ̱ûģҲˣԶɥж֮Ϊڴ֮ҹؿշȥ˽ɩ
뵽֮£δЦ⼥һʫ񴫼Ҽҷŵڣһʫ֪ǵ¿̽ɡ
ڵ͵͵Цīûɵһ亹İ͵СС㣬ôˣ
Цۿᣬ˫߬ĸͷ˵ˡ
֪ǲ񲻻˽ƵĽŮܼ뾩ĸʢŵڣܼ޸ĽڶƼҹӣȷøˡ
ϱӱôġ
Ȼ»Σɥʵ͸һơ
Զ֮ȢΪɩ·
ǴɩΪԶѡޡ
ֻŮͷԼ򵥣ط˼Ըպ
⸴Ůɫֻһһ檣λӹڱׯѵûһˣҺլһƬ
ļȻѧʲô˽ֶΣ˽̹ϡ
̹ϣãﰵͱӣٲ֮أݡ

һδžνǴаϲýǣȥ裬ݸã·
ЩϱӾ;£һΣûڴ뻶ϲ㲻
ƿͷ˲κԶһۡ
ֺᱻյΪ̽ɣԶĺòټӵĲѧȻŮߵ
ڴԶͬʱԷҲڴ
û¶ĽɬԶЩ졣
˵⸱ƤൽĶ䶯ЧİĽߣ޶ԲŶԡ
ȥԶ½ҸͷĽӸˣһһЩʳ
ֻһԸ˾ûӰ
뵽ϱԼΪ˲ʧ񣬿ŶӿһҹΣɵ
һժ˳صķڣڣֱһ
ϵĳʳˣʿˮһԵī㣬ɵվˣһԡ
īֱҡͷū澲
Цˣһţʲôûԣô
īԥμ԰ɣӦ¶
ȻЦ˵īȴоС֮أ㶣
ε˫Ӹޱ̹Ȼ
ͶȫȻ»ҹϵĳʳȫɨ⡣

ǰԺ
ԶȻиС˶ȺܹȣŲӣؿ壬ǲǲҪӽˣ
ӽԶѹֳӣꡣ
ԶݼڣΪ᲻ܰࡣ
ӽСȴѧ˲ĻϱӸչŵʱԹͷ
ϾӵĻм٣˵˭۸ˣǸ˾һ۸ɰ䡣
οԶƫӽôνͣ
ӽԣȻطһ㣬òãԶ˵ţӽСԴ
۵׵⣬ӽ׵
ȥ󣬽ΪؽΪɣȥׯӽһֱԶߡ
ϱҲǺ֪ȥׯһΪ˵˶ӡ󣬺Ϊ޸Զ׼ׯ˽ĵط
ԶԽ꣬ħĳֻҪǽģ˭ĺӣԶȻܡ
հӽ򷢻طŷ˵̫̫ոûˡ
ʲô
ԶΪԼ顣
õ׼ȷ֮ϳ𾪣һ˿ϲ
ԼҲ»ҹȴʱͻȻ£͵춼Ҫ
ѹЦ⣬ԶԸȱ￪³̡
ŷȥ
ԶҴҽһ䣬ֱ·ȥ
θճ궫űƿ

5381

ƻתͷͼԶڷſڣɣֹ
һܲסجĵĵ̬
ԶϷϱӱҲ㣬ñϧ˵̫̫ݺȥʵͬʱТص㻮޷ͬϡ
ʱٻԶС¹ײ˹Լˣм㶼ỳ˼
үôˣ
ԷҪϷһ¡
ԶԳ̫̫ľϲû»ӶԼĳƺ죬̬䡣
̾һԶŽͷǰɥ˵̫̫ûˡ
조һʱۿĸ
̫̫ޣ̲ѹԶ
ǽŮͷԻЩòҲȲ꣬иԶڱ߹ش̵ĸף»飬ԼǱֵ̫䵭ŲʣȽ⸴Ӯʤ̷ѱ֮ղŮڶ
ң⸴һ˺Լ;ٲҪָЯ
ʴ˾¶ԣܵ»
ȴҲܾʹЭз֮ʵ
֪
Զǣһ˼⣬ƼТܣТλ̫̫ʬδΪ޷Тɻݣ֮ȴӦӣʾ˼ľη
Тܣ
ЩﲻסЦ
ײɹеŮ潣ʲôĳĶˣԶȻܰĸֹߣƤ֮񣬼ֱ̾Ϊֹ
Ҳ֪æĴѧĵүӵ֪ɥˣ᲻õȥ
λī㣬ү׼һ̸ȥ鷿
ֱжϱʾԶз֮ʵ
ī㿴ԼСһۣƺҪүȥ鷿˯ߵ³ߣ޵һ̸Ƿҳ׼ȥ鷿ֵĶֲڣүӽܵãͷҹӣѶүǰľ̸ҳ͹ȥõ
»֮ҹþĵ
Զмηκιϸ𣬸ûҪʲôȴƫƫ仰֮󣬾˵Ӧ
ѹӣ¶أͷһ죬ӦЩϢǣֺαԲ񣬼˯鷿ҽЩҲûʲô
˼̸ָǽˣͬȢţҲֻ㽫һ£ʱСˣܲý͵ذѻݵĽȢҡ
̡ĶĸУݸȻүϲɣɣһĻīٸһ
ϲɡĸֱ֣ӴԶϣ̫Ѩ£ȴֲò˼εݣٴ˵˾ЩϢĻתͳ˷š
ī㱧̸ԭأһãȻүС㵽ôˣǳμ棬˵ȴ룬С㣬֮ǰͦĽƹӵΪʲô޹ԺҪѹүƣ
ګګزͷСԾױ̨ǰֱͭЦ
ī̸ǷŻȥ³򴽣С㣬»֮ҹүȥ˯鷿Цóѽ
Сѹû˵һƸ¶֪ӶؿշΪЦġ
Ѿжױͷī㣬»֮ҹҲЦѲɿɥô
ū澲Ǹ˼īҲ֪ô͡
̫̫ûˣŮΪ鲻з˵ùȥûҪַɣôģ浣һСᱻƸ˸Ц
һ뵽ԶǸŭԻһ̡һ̡ӣ;һˬ
ң̫̫ޣѹ޲ܾöԱԼᱻС˼ƽƽ˳˳ǰͣۿŮ˼˺ߵźʵѵã˲ǡ
֮Ъˣڳ׳

գϴ
Զ˽Ϊα£ҲүӶµĹأŵʶ̺ûҪȥž衣
ȥԺһ·ϣйѾƵƵ¸ͶŹֵ񣬸ߣָָ޷˵»ҹơ
ֻţĿбӵؿǰ
ԶȫûӦûֺˣΪ»Ŀ
˵Ժʱ
»ҹַ¶жţ¼Σɫÿ
㷿ȥȡͲڵԪýôôϣ󻺻ڣҹү˵ƼТܣТλǼ̫̫ʬδʵڲͬ»Ųòʱַ룬һָָ˵̵ȫȻ˶үҲҪȣϱƼң΢ᣬ̼үΪĸܳΪүĿϲܽӲص¼ӻ˼ҷ·ϲźá
˵꣬ǰž衣
ԣӲֶ˶ЩѲγ
ǰϣ룬ԷһͰѻ˵õˮ©ΪԼƲַΣάˣ󻹸ū˸
Լĸǻ׷ַΣΪС¼ӡ
һݣøһ֮ƣ
Զͽˡ
Ͽάǻôô
Ȼֶȥ
ַԼģԺ·ϣǶ˵Ҳ档
˵ƼТλΪ̫̫ʱַȴ˶ϼǣɲǰݺýŲ
ֻ޲ðǼϳȥҹ
ΰĸӵķӦ۵ףźȲӵס΢΢Ĵǡ
񻹲֪Զ뽭ɩ֮H£ȻỤŶӣҵŰɣչ߷һ졣

539Ļ2

úõ¸豻һο׾͸ŪΡ
ԶӲδ͹
´Σθ벻ö֪
û˵ǰ׼õĺݸϱ˵˼޹ʹĳ滰
ϷӦҲԼĺ⽻㷿ӣùȥΡ
һƬУվ뿪ˡ
ȴֱˣ˿ڴ˿ȣڣͱȡ
Զ϶βҪˣܼҽнѽǼ˾һطʮ塣
͸оˣ»֮ԣҲ֪ǲǲʲô
ղ˳ɱӺλã滹ֳʲô¶
ܼҳȥûĹͰǰָָǼ˾ȻԺߵĴʹӡ
˵ĸԼԺˣ˱ʧ档
ϿԶʮǲ̫ˣϾʲôҪĴ¶ҪΪ¸⣬ͷһʹüѪȣֻ»õ˻Թ
ԶΪѣ䵽ϡ
Ц
ǺһĬĸӣְ׻ǼҪǱǲģ֮˱ضΥȵرʾʹ˷ŹЩˣͬǶָժЦƼֻûûλ
һڲ裬ĵǶү棬ֵֵʮ壬үԸ˵㣬޴Ӳ֡
ǻô˭᣿
λ䣬ͼԶɫֳ˼֣üͷټӶʮ壡
ϣҲӽյƸŵ˺ȣ˵ɵˡ
ֱ洫˱ʱĲҽŰ
ʮӣûѪܵرϳȥ
ʼ治ɫشüۡ
ſǳƫƫٵͷ˻һ²ؼļϰΣ޲в豭
ʧѹɷѹĿڶһŻٿΣ˵ԼˣǶ¡
λ֮Զ߳Ժ˲ڻ֥ԺСϡ
ԶԭΪŮ˸븮ͰԺֵһؼëܸöԼо佻ĳѹûҪǻ˼һİõģ
ҪȢģպΪ·Ŀܣҫĵҷˡ
뵽Զ꿴ˣԼȢˡ
ȫһ󣬻Ӳ̣һͭ˵
Խ룬ԶɫԽ߲⣬ȥͷһ͸ô̿ˣ
ЦЦػôүԹ𣿡
£ο۵׵Ļ⣬ںȢ
ڲźڣû˵ô
̹ȻôȫΪ˶үá
ԶȻ飬Ծɱ
ֲأԵү˵壬׫鲼Щѧϳ˴һĺң֮˱Ŀļ壬Ȼݲһ˿һ۹һ˷Ŀɲ˭棬һ塣үɱС˽սǼ죬ܺ߳ǽܰɨ²̨˵վܽ˵ӵ˼̤
ԶעǾ䡰˱Ŀļ壬Ȼݲһ˿һ۹ϣֻĿڷ£˻һ齫ŮΪλ˵ĸʶԶ
ȻعԶֻĵ㡣
˻鷿ͼԶиС˶ĵسԼܱߺ塣
ŴŴĶˡ
ԶǰʱϸּЦ⣬ӽôˣ
ӽίر죬˵ӽһֱû˵Ȣӣ϶ǲҪӽҪˡ
⻰ӽɫ˱䣬Ͻɨһۣû˾Ÿָ˸ƣǰЩ˵ûھͰ͵ĵطҲҡ
ӽŵһ˫۾ģæ˵Լˡ
ԶչЦʳûûĻó
˵䣬ֶ鷿ԶСֶϣ˳һװ
ǡڴʱĸС˱˵ׯǱˡ
ԶͷһӽúţԼȥһˡ
ǽߵĵѾԧ죬ͷϴñɴ棬˺ѽϳ
ԧûãӵĶݸԶˡ
Զص鷿ľд򿪣ɫĳϣȻһѺľᡣ
ͽӵʱʺ⣬˵Ӵ˼
˰Ӵǻʲô˼Զ
ԶΣԭǴӦҹȥģκΪһ̸ǳϲɡ˵ˡ
źľῴ˻ԶǰǷԺҪ취껻ݼ޽
ͷһŪộԺѾȻһվģΪڶ̸ǰ¶иʹ͵͵Σ˵үոȥһͷñŮӡ
ʹӲϵŮ˭ȴüҲܲµǽߵĴѾԧ졣
ԧ쳣װ潭ȡ
λѡԶ»Զûϱڴ֮ҹȥׯĻˡ
֪˵ֶ˵ãƼֵ̫ͬһŮˣת
ǰԶһ󲡣Ҫ޹ϲģʱӭ׵Զֳ죬겻ԼһƼҾͱɹѸ¶ϣּòһ˲ţʹ˼Ʋ췹˴ֻܽʹԽ긺
ԶĲ𽥺תʼμӿƿ
ʣŻ磬ǰ;Ѱ͵͵ԶԼǱǿȵģѲŻŮˡ
Զɣǰ˾üȥ޼ɵΪ˷ĻᣬΪؽΪȥׯϡ

540ǿʶ1

ڰɥλձ㴩øؾ
ΪȫԶҲһۡ
ݼտʱЦݣ̸¼䲻¶»ӵĹġ
֮ǰڿԶ֮ϲΪŵڣؽ۽磬Ͳһ˼ܱġ
ȫ̳ĬֻԶĿͶʱϵسЦ
żҵ£ĸ׺ֳɩɩŵġ
޶ȥ̫̫ľǰ㣬ϯ֮Զˡߣ˴Ŷϱη͹Ůȥ˺˵
⼸żΡ
˵ͦãżͦշ
æ̫̫ĺ£ѹû˽´̽εϢСٳģûʲô⣬ɵɿ
ηȴЩֹ
һദ˼꣬Щ˽Сӡ
ڸǵٺãüСϸҲ͸¶Էڷ̫ƽʵ
ϴԼ¶ܵˣþƼ˲С
ηôţԶ뿪󣬺ܿԼŮ÷֦ȥθһˡ
÷֦θʱΡڸװ˾Ǳ߸޹Сޣ׼ߡ
÷֦ĻΡͷ֪ˡ
ԭүӻԵţСżҵľ̫ãһ˼⣬÷֦ȥηػ˵ģⱦͿ쵽ˣʱԶ͡

ԶλңɰС˶ӽˣλ֥ܵԺվԺ£ιȥ׼Ǽҡ
ڣűʱ䣬δš
īվһԣ۷ƵƵ޶ԵΣ̲סС㣬үδҲ̫
δҲ̫ûˡ
ǳĺӣСǶޣΪɥڶүϥ£ʲôʸö̹ȥ
ңС˰죬ûһ˸վֹɼƽڸ϶ųʲôӡ
ᡣֽ̧鷭һҳ
īҲ벻ᣬӽʵ̫Ҳ֪ŵڳүССͶǴѧЩۻ֮ʣ̣ûסС㣬֮ԺǿЦˡ
εЦһ꣬Ҿȥˣܴһٻһ٣
īȻǲܴҲô͵˸ǰɣȥүѵҲеѽܲܽôָű
Ƴһۣô֪ǵҰȥ˻߶ү
ī㾪ˣ꣬ôĻ
꣬Ǽģµַ͡һҳ飬ֻҪ̵Щ˼ûʲôܵġ
ЩīЩүСڶүϥ£үܲڽЩɣ
ҡͷֻûǸĸ˫
֮⣬û˵
īλ˵үһȥׯΪؽڵĴ̣δҲ̫ˣܵعܵͷ
ڣ洫۴޵ȴӽ˰ûᣬһ֮Լɵϣſʹޡ
īȭͷСٴڣʲô
κЦҪʵȥҶסǣǧȥ˵ˡ
īз߷ߣֱΪԼСԭȻΪƼʲô֪ͥҲˡ
үС̬ȣī㲻ûоϲ
ȻϲΪȢˣֱ̫
Ͷ˸˼ͻȻ˵ĸߺˣүιȥˣ
ȥ򣡡
һæҵذӽͻط
īֱﹷƵĶ˵ʱ򲻼ǳһιȥ˲֪ΪСӽүˡ
η飬豭һڣɢ
һӺԺǱˣϵ㷿ӡ
Ǹ۸ڶģξûʲôɫ̧°̣ͣɡ
īڣסźۼҡҡͷȥԺ
ӽװΣϲڸ̽ϺԶһԡ
νԶͶĿ˴̣ôСĺҲµȥ֣ϣ㵽ҪֳʲôӲſϰݣ
Ѱλˣ̧۶Զߣӽүڻԣү˭˵Ҷ֣
㻹˭ŭɶӽ꣬ʲôһĸĳѵ֮ûУ
Цˣ㣬ͳҲŲʮ죬̶գҲܰƼҹضѧȫԲ֪ȥޣö޹Ƽҹأ֪ԼιȥҪеΣ֪϶ǰϳĸΪĸܲڲ¸֪֮ܲûС
ϱµһֶ˵
Զšüϣǿʶ
βӽүԼûһү˵Ҷ֣ѵǿʶ֮
ԶּһҲá
ʲôԶüֶ˼ۡ
οװεӽҪأһ֪һĺҵ꺢ӳھۻ֮ʣ˹ô˵˵ûѧã
ûѧãǰָû
ӽȥ֥Ժε¶Ѿ˸Զ˵ˡ
û뵽ֶӻͻȻôһ
ǰΪֶӲ飬֮¶ε̬Щ侲ֻ⡣
Ҫڣֵ˾ةλСүӽүһ꣬δʱΣСС;ʹϻ쳣Ҳ˵ѾʶĶ֣룬Ҵδ¹һ˵֣˽ΪĺҵүμҲһ𣿡
Զԣ¶֮߳ɫ
˵˾ةǽľүΡΡ˹ٵǴΪεһλӣ䳤𩣬ʮѾժ˽ԪĴӣȦҲšۡ
ΡѹˣԶֶȥ
˵꣬ͳһ˫˾ةϵȥȥүԼ⡣

541ȨƼң2

ƾΡڹ۸ǰĵλθӣƼҾͲòӦ
ԶűθϵĴĬ˻˵ȥ
εջߣûٶ˳ȥ
һֱװεӽͻȻ۾ſԶ壬Ǽ˺εΪʲôߣ
һԵĸӶԣ׷ü
ԶֶӣΪʲôȥˣ
ӽû뵽Լ۾ؿ޳ҪŶ壬öңأǻˣҸء
дΪ𾪡
죬ղͻȻ֣Ӳ֪˭̵ԣСС;Ť
ѹǰϾָֻĸıûˡ
ʲôˡʲôҪⶼ˭ģ
ţüͷӣ϶˵ʵǲӽȥׯϼˣ
ԴϹţԶһζûȥ꣬ӽ;ȴȥصġ
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һ뵽¶Ͼͺ޵
ȻƼҶ˵ԭľϴ죬ȴⲻñ˳Ц
Ƽ澡ʧϵܽ
ĸɫѿԶæϢŭպضúõӽƵٷ
뵽꣬뵽ΣһԱȣεĻԹĪɢ֣ǣӽϥ£͵þΣɩׯѾ꣬ͲʶƼҹˣ֪ǸƵĺúӣĿĸӷ룬ҲΪ룬Ϊ룬ӽΨһãһ̻ˣĴ罻
Զɩ
һ֣ɫ䣬Ϊ˵ˣҪϺڶ棬ѵĳ裿
ԶŴȻûӳ˳ޣ˶ЦԼ׸̳˻ˣ꣬޹ģҪ֣͹ֳɫ⡣
֮ޣû

ӽԶθǰ֥Ժ
裬ڣŲעˮ¶ϸչһůɫԵó
ԶײһĻƤ£æƿߣʣ¿пգ
λ̧ͼڣƺܿĿ⡣
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ԣȲĶ˶٣˫Ŀһ˲˲
ԶòڣźȲ̧䵲סݡ
ү治֪װ֪
Զһ㶣ʲô
ΣжģûƼ֮Ȩ˵ҶҶǼҿⷿʲô֪ʲô
Զɫ΢ôĸûƼ𣿡
εЦүˣүǽϼԼ»ûƼȨ治֪Щӵ˼˭ȥˣ˵չӽүҼڳ̳࣬ġ
Զ뵽ӽھǡˡ±߳ܡ
ձĬƬ֮ҲƵ뿪֥Ժ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôʱ֣ߵ־˶ơⷿԿ׺˲
ƹ˼Բ
Ҫߣΰī衣
ǰ淭˲ûʽطȦֵ˲ûȥĸ׹Ŀ⼸طû⣬ôҲźðĽӹ񡣡
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˭˵Ů˼ªģ⼸ǷΪ̶̽ĸĶ˭룬һգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱһ˿ظȦˡ
Ϊ¶ڣûҶ˲ϣܿȥԺػ
ʲôĸĶҳˣֱš
ūۿȦġֽ˲ϣʵ
Ϸ꣬ԴϣСˡ
ֵ˵䲻ĻūŶ̱ȵĴ̿ǿȥˡ
һϣͳһǼ˶һźˣʲô汾£
ֳɣƼ֮Ȩ
̾һɣô꣬Ҳˣӹǻܻӡ
ָ͵̵ڱ߹ش̣һʤʱү;ٲҪöƼңҲΪҹϵû
ȻôΣȴҲòϣʵ
Ǽү󣬵ײǳ͢ˣ;𲻵ã׼Ǳߣһ˺ƼҶһپ١
ͨ˹ؽڣ϶εĲϲ˼֣ȨҲмԸˡ
òҴţֱָΣǰ˲ϵĴģĿľΪ˿ϱ᲻ῴ˲ܲܽƼ֮Ȩ
ԣ¶Цݣĸ׿ְ˲ͻ˵ЩϿңִĸл
ֱ㷿֪æ̿
֣īĿɿڴؿȦϵΣС㣬֮ǰӲǱ۲۵ģôͻȻƼˣ
ȥׯʲôʱһϾôϱңѲƼôζֽ˲
ʲôһˡ
ϱʱΪԶԼѻûôõƼȨ
īգϲǳ׽С˰ɣ
εЦ
ûԶһӣϽӲʲô

5421

ƼҵϱӾѾָƣõƼȨô˼ͨ˳Ѹеŵþ
ÿֵĻ㱨ιĿ࿴
θ罫θλһСȦһСԼһͷ֪ΡϲղأּһֻԶɰ¯
죬ͬһǰŸϣӽž׷˳ϡ
ţŲ
ԶŨü΢壬ִӣСֶ˫۾ʱʣôˣ
Զ޵һһģ壬Ҫȥģ
λ˸ϰ磬յȥ硣ԶѾ˵𣿹ԹԴڼȶߡ
ӽɣһҡͷҲҪߣҲҪȥ硣
֡Զᣬ˶࣬ôСȥ˳ô죿
˵ţʾ׷Ͻүȥ
ӽȴƿԶ˵ɵϴը䣬˵ʲôҲҪȥ
Թۡ
ܺӰı²룬ǸѧģһԲϾɵϹȥʲôëҲ
ԶʶһۣԷĮȻ̬ȣ뵽ǰЩЩ
ĺҵү䲻شȷʵûġ
ʱ䣬СֶȥԶʵûİ취
˼³Сֶӵȥϴѣ˽һӵʱٴγ
СıóѣӽѾˣмһμһͷ
βԶĵֶͬһСӣ˳Ų˹ȥ
Զ״ѳСֶһ䣬ʲô
ӽָָԱߵλãôԼġ
ԶⲻȥӽԲЦһģڸӹȥ
ԶûڵĻҭɤۣε˼Ǹ⡣
˵ӵĻ¸չǼΪһЩ·Զ»ӶٻмεģϾΪòŻȢš
ƼȨԺûڰй۲죬˵ġͷԼ򵥡һ㶼˼ϸֶ֯࣬˵ǿĸҲΪ
Ͼ֮࣬ῴʱ䣬õࡣ
ǽŮȫȫҴı׼ڸ
ﶼ޲ڣ˵񽻸̣Ҷˡ
ȻϿ޶̵ͬʱѴ̸ѹȥ
뵽꣬Զɵõʹüۣθӡ󲻲ҪˡСܾ²֡
˼䣬Ȼθ
ȥԶСֶ
ΡӺܴǹŮϢһųȥûӵĶˡ
θǰ·Χˮйͨ
ڹǰԼ˶࣬ҲŵþȻ򣬲ڳûض½š
ճӣͣ´͵Ƕϱϡлϱˡ
Ρȫûϵջô೬Ԥˣʱȥ¥λʮֵӣˣÿյģǲȥʳľˮ·´磬æòɿ
Ǿе壬ʢǼҲǵǣȼıӯž󣬽ŶŶӣáȡ԰ˮ鿣ϯų֮ࡣ
ƼյãѾҡ
ԶŴſǼͷܶʢ
μҵȷΡݸ֮Ų;̶꣬ͽļ巢չ
µĴ˾˭˲ð̾һȣ
һѵʶĿɶҴ塣
ƼЩ·㲻ʲô˷ܵθʢɼմϵĹ⡣
Ű£Զͷһʶһ˼лռҪķ
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¿ǽա¿߶ʱġ
Զʮ棬뿪ʲôߴ˵ޡΪԡ
ǻҲ̫ˣԶԿ̾
ǰͷ֮ЦЦɾûĻްɣڱµٽϣ˾ة̧ʮֻǲŽ̾ΪֹֻѾǸСߣֻ֮ãûκιˡ
һ˲廰ٽʲôʱûȻòţЩִָ󣬸СɽƵģѪڣϧټҲÿȫò
ǰͣȻûţǲٽϵ𣿡
һһִ
ӽԶӣߺرʾҪֻ¿ӡ
ԶһӽڼʱӽҪģԶ
ֻޡ
Զѣü΢ֻ·ֻ˾ةеôһֻ
䰵Ρ˽ȨֻͼԼС䣬ȫȻա
ÿСû
βͷһۣû˵
뿪󣬿ϷҲ֮ɢˡ
ӽò¿Ѿʼſ֡
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ӽ˵ʲôҲɣļ̶ƵƵǵĿ⡣
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ӽΡԶ˫Ҳ֪ôģͻȻͲҿˣĨһһġ
ԶæҾ񣬡˾ةϲǧ𡣡
Աθ֮ݸδǰѾ߲ͨ͢飬˶þС֮ϲɺѽ
Զٳ׵ӣһ˼ڽĸϣѹûע⳯͢򣬵˵뵽һǰԼΡ˽ȨǾ仰˺ݺ˼ƣۡ

543䣨2

μҽտ˶࣬Ρվһͱ˽ߡ
Զԭأúһһ
ӽӡ
ԶعһԵΣǲһ֪޻
񣬷·ֻҪ˵ǡ֣Ͼܸ
һ˼ڹɩϣԳ֮²Ųʣǰ˳󣬻ޣβٰѻ𣬡ǰǹδʵġ
뵽ǰΡԶŬѹŵǰѻһӴܵͷ϶ǵø̼ɢΣڳϣ̫ʧˣ
ЦүʧʲôӰ𣿡
㣡
λǰ󣬲˾ةһǰ󣬿һϯ㵱˵ΪβƹޣǾڰõǰ²̨Ҷ˵˰ɣ
Զôǰ龰ϾòУֻ޲Ҹطȥ
ٴ̧ͷ»Ӵ߹ǳЦ⣬Ǹ̩Ȼŵģ˵ʻ
Դŵһƺһֱ̬Ȳ̲Լ¾ܵģܱܡ
̫̫Ѿô˯鷿Ҳδ˶Թ
ĳǸʮĸ
ȻԼŮ֮֮ʵӽϥ»Ǹѡ룬ְܾؽ̺ӽ
ȷӦԼʲôԶͷ
ĸô죿
δһӣκ˶޷
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εүۣȥү߸·ˤӣ˵Ϲ۾͸Ϊֹ٣ٳ˹ע˭ģȥ˭һ
⻰ָԶͷ󺧣òǲ֪ʲô
˵꣬ЦӽԴСһҪŶ
԰գϸʳָߣ˸
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зĵΪ̫ӣ˭̫̣¼θΡǰ¶͵ߣ㿴һĻ
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¶ԪæҽڽͬߣȻӿ첽߹ôһˣ
˾ةأ
Ԫҡͷ̫ˣҵĴӦҲ֪ġ
Ρе΢ɾѾˡ
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544ԨԴ1

ԶֶһƧСԺֻֻˮףΪطСƫԶԵʣһҲûС
ԶͣСֶǰѾ߸𣬱һһģò
׻Ǹʲô꺢ӡ
ԶаԼ̫ݣָ۽ǵۣӽ巽Ųô㣬Ǹòã
ӽһǱӰЩ
ԽӽԶȱģסֶ۵С֣߶壬⼸ǲǸ˵ʲôʹʲô
ӽҡͷ
û˵ʲôû˵
֮ǰоģ˵һ֣Ͱ͵ĵطȥ
˵ģΪʲô֪ҸԶĿɡ
꣬ӽ꣬Сǵֵסջŵʲôôѱӽһʱϵʲô
һ뵽֪ˣǵ˶п֪Զͷ۲ѣСֶ޿κΡ
վߣȥҶ̡

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СˣμҶԾǿͣ˼æýŲմأҲܸС
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ʱͻȻһѵͻɤôˣ㾹Ȼûȥ
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ΡûеºСӶڣ廹ȥ
Ǹ͵СӣİʱףͷһԣΡĴץ˰⺦£սսȥСﶪ壬·߿޵úġ
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󷢴Ρ˳ĿȥϵΣƺʶʲôΡʣ㵱ΪҪԣ
ʹͷزûǮҽΣҲʵû취
ΡͬٶΪԼͶ·ȥԱ˵Ķ֪ԷΪҪͶ·
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ˣɵӻصңûϣѾ֮󣬿үİְ˻ô꣬һֱǸС·߿޵龰Ű廹ȥ֪˭ҲסģǶһֱߡ
˴ү뾩ָⷢϵ˳뵱ץΪơ
кüΣֱȥΡǲǵԼϴˣֻù⽫ӵ
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˵ţ彻ΡүңѶ
ΡʵûôȥѾҪöˡ
Ķ֡
Ρִˣֽ壬˳·СѾߣԸ˼һö壬ƼҶ̵ģȥˣƶ̹ȥһ
СѾӹˣҴȥپӣΡĻһֲ©˵
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ʱ֪ǲεģûۡ

ǼλѾŲͤ̸䲻СѾͷϣ̣Ǽҷ롣
ϳθˣôǼҷˣָȻǸճӵˡ
Ҳȥ˵ͷѵ֮СѾȥپӡ
ҡߣⱦ
νȥʱȤǼиһ磬ãǻʼҹҲˡ
תͷЦŻص㶼˰죬ûЩǱҹŮģǼʰˡ
֮ǰü˸ޣ˵ǸüǶҪǼңɲһʢ˵ףδб¡
ڰ֣˵ǸˣҸ㿴
䣬ϻｫѪȡݸΡ
ο壬ס⡭ǡҵģ
ʵǰ˽ҵģ˵ڸϼʰ˿֮ģҾ
ոռʰ𣿡СʱһöһģһģĸǰҵĶֻΪһʱĴŪˣöǸոڸϱ񵽵ģӦòҵġ
⻰
нұң汾վ
Ƽңεġ֮̽Ŵǩ
̽VSҽ
սһףꡱһ
պյĺڵͷֱ̾ӳڡ
תڰλǴҿˣ
ٳĶϰֶΣ󰸷δţδ
ֱǾֻ֮仨ֻ꾯ݳʶ

5452

ѪѵãƷǺһ壬һģһöļʸ΢΢δʧԼҪ֮ѵҪϸһأ
ԣ巭ȥ˼飬ԽüͷԽôоĸҵģǣôˣôأ
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ϼװ¶ݵɬͷ⻰˲֪Ӻ˵ˡ
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δүû˵ҪѶ޵ĲڹΪһŮ˵Ҳ޴ָժˣȥ˸ǰȢֻΪ˹ʶз֮ʵ˰ûõƵһͷ˻ôҼҲµΪƼҿ֦ɢҶ
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˵Լ޵ĲڹΪһŮ˵֣⻰Զʮָӡ
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֮ü̼Ƚ¶βͰˡ
ϱѾ̫ԩⱲӼȻлؾ棬ôܸϵ뵽Զǰûȥׯ˽Ὥ꣬ξ;˴ͷŶֱ࣬ģ޲ܶԶԶġ
ЦЦ˵ġ
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ĸ׶δǻݣĿǰҲû취Աסϣһȥĸ׸ǰ˵ʱ϶޷ھ㶼ģĸ״пŪꡣ
˴˵ô꣬ԲΪһ϶һ
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𴽽ǣлΪʱ磬Ƚˣ˵Ҳ١
仰ԶЩԾȴҲû룬ֻͷСֶתˡ
վԭأĿ˵ıӰЦת䡣

546壬Ҫֻ¿1

Ǳ߽ϣʱ̿ϯ
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ΡһºͣӽȻС˵˸㣬ȹԹԻȥԷȳԱˣ˰װȥòã
áӽ˻ˡ
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ԶΡĿ⡣
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Ρ˵꣬˸ɫԪ
Ԫ뿪ϯʱһᰵƺӣݸԶ
Զӹел
ԱбƶүͲ򿪿ʲô飿
Զһʼԥ˺棬ѣִ򿪺ӣýļͿŵĶ׷׾õ

547£2

ϻŵģͨ鼮Ƕ˷Ѿ˼Ǯû취ŪֵĹ±䱾;
Ī˵ǧ𣬱Ҳ󲻵
ԶԼϻ⼸𺳵ˣЩţΡδˣЩ͸ӵģ
ΡݸΪûȫҹʱЩϣɣ
Ҳ̫ˡ
Զŵڣ˭Щļֵ˲ȥѰȻһ
û뵽μҸ羹Ȼˣ˼һ͸Ŷ͸ϡ
ȻΡ˵⼸͸εģ֪ϻĶ¶ΡԼĲƷ֮Ҫٽ˵ͷȻΪ˱ӡ
ƼҶҲ̫ˡ˴ض㣬Щ±ÿһɶ޼֮
һ㹻üСοϻ屾
ǶĽ飬棬˾ة˿󷽰
ǻޣõĹ±
ֱ˼ʵ
ʵЩ鲻Ρһ˵ĲƷֻʣµĶǴӹڲġ
Ϊ˸ΡѪȻǰ׸˻Сڽ̹
ˡȫȻͨī֮ˣǰڹӼʱ˵һЩѾʧĹ±¼ţΡòᡣ
űˮ͹ƵըֵΡôصĶҪ͸ã
ֵȻֻһͲˣһô࣬Ūҹֲ˼ġ
Ρأ㲻֪Щ±үӵջжһ˵˽֮£ضͣظϻƼˮǳҪ밲Ȼͱүӵıӻ򡭡
ׯλ
˵ҲɣΡзԶλɩӹϵһġ
Ȼϸڣƾӣܶ΢һƲ߰˰ˣһԶȢҹͺֵˡ
ˡû׷ʲô˼
Ρһ˶լǼǰɾ˱ӻǸã
⵹ǡˡͬصͷ£ǶǷһ飬ʲôҪֻܿڣһǡ
ûҪ󡣡ΡǳһھƣٲЩġ
ϣСּˡЦ
Ρֻ˵˵
ܹܲƭɣˡüҾ֣Ļʥּ

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ɢϯʱΡ˵Ը˰ֻ޴Զߡ
лԶ֪Լ˵ʲô
ϱѹûôһʱһϯѹ֪ԼѾ˶ٶĽʺ޵ĶɢϯʱԶ˵Ծ˺һȥΡǰһл
뿪θʱԶ˻ޣ㣬ϳѵõû
Сرϻӿڲǳߡ
ĵԶ
ǰֻ֪Ρǽľү֪η˺ϵĹϵȻõزĲᣬǽ⼸飬롣
˵үصظϻ
ǰзЯүӱӻҵĵλֻԽԽȡ
뵽ˣԶͻͻ̫ѨкȻһС
֪Ϊʲô鶼ԼƿأֻΪӦԲòӦȢޣҲΪ˸·
ڣԭƻеĿԽԽԽԽиԣ·ľż꣬ȫơ
˼Ķһ·˭Ҳû˵ֱƸ
ѻ޴ӽԼţԶճŵ˼˰ԼĶᵽ֥Ժ
δӾԡͼԶָС˰鰸
ӣסˡ
βźۼü££ʪүҪ
ڣԶ˵ʲôǼ˷ź鰸ȥŵ֮ǰθӦġ
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ԶĮҵĳŵҲԼӦʲô͹ˣģġ
ЦԳŵãҲܸˣ仰Ҷ˵Ƿһ̹Ȼܣ
Զͷ͵һ𣬡˵ʲô
ĵģҿΪӣˣڣһܸȥһòɣ
ԶŭָϣҾ㣬ñκζԲסҵ£ռҹ棬е³һ٣
λأ
ʲôԶһ㶡
ظ£ôأǷΪ֮Ƿĵ£Ƿؼҹˣ˵˵ⷬҲһ˵ˣȻð֮ƺ
ԣԶݵһתס

548ǸҽҾ͸ҵ̣1

ԶԽֻ꣬ǵŮ֮飬Ϊ׷ĳֽɴ̼һʱɻ֮ɩݣֳ裬˭Ҫ˵¶Իᴥۡ
ǱǻƷβ룬ֻҪʵʱһ̴һܴԶϿõı顣
ǷǶǵĻԶѨһٰһֱŬס߲Ƥһȡ
Զ̫ѨĵµĴȴݲ
Сֶû˵©죬϶Ѿᵽ֮ͷʱֻ˳ϣܴŭ롣
ôһ룬ԶԼƽ
ؿ˿˵ķӦûٶԣתңͷ˲ԶĶü΢գүЪСϰɡ
ԶƿӸ
Žż⣬װ±ϻӷŵ౦ϣȻһ㣬
׼ӹţԶͻȻ߽нӹϻӣ׾پͷȥ
ûлֻҪŷ֮һ죬ⶼԶӦ¡
ϻӣԶ˳̧ĿѾҪˣ̴ʱз֮ʵ
˳Ӳˬֻίү
СԶʲôʱ򷽱ˣ˵һǡ
Իģʽ˲οͺ͵͵Ҥּ֮ۻۡ
κһ񺮣æ˦˦Դ߰뷨˦ȥ
Ṇ̀Զٱ۳ûʲô¶˵ȥӽˡ
ģ˸Ͽ
ʱīϲ̫ˣүڿϸСͺˡ
ûӦī¶ɻ󣬡ôС㲻𣿡
Ƥû̧һ£ɪͬԭӦ֮£ΪôһС¾͸˵ϲɫ֮ǰûö౰΢
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ˣС㲻ƼҶ̣ǽŮԼĽүȥС㶼һüͷֺαظмû˾Сϸӡ
뵽ˣīӣֺõС㣬ūƤǳˡ
ݸѽֻźҾǣûҪүǰԣ֮û֣ҲҡβֻԼø΢ûֵ
ī˳˴ȣӦСūõС㣬С˵ʲôԡ

˴ȥμҸ磬ȻΪӽĲԶ˲ӣΡ±ôһƼȦڵѸ⼸գյӶˣŰݷõҷ˸ﲻ
ÿһǳģŸϺѿ׼ͻʼ̡
ﻹвδĹЩܴϱ˭
һжεĹͣϸ֪
ϱսʱΪѹסԽԽϲ
ճ밲ϰеִȰǳĹŮ϶Ȣĸ֣˵Ѿ֥ԺСںúùӣΪ͢ϹᣬΪӦլͬĲϣֻҪСڿЯ֣Ƽһػض塣
εЦţδش۶ϲֻǿƼҵļֵˡ
ҲãܱϱÿҪ̹öࡣ
䣬ٶȿ˿ڣӽɥĸֳׯѵû϶ϥ£⺢ӻȱĸƤЩ϶ҪȥԺûӽôģ㣬úôպˣδزһĸ֮顣
治ᡣ
뵽ϱӣæڲжŮĻ£ӽԶ֮׶ûйĻʲôСӣƫƫӽǸܵģﲻǸҪóԵľǺģһͿޣڵôϺԶˣȻٲһѡ
ӽƺסߣȥ״˵۸ˡ
϶ģԶÿÿʱͻᡣ
ʱᣬΪ֮ҲûӲһأֻԼЩٺһЩܻͷⲻ֪Խ΢ԽòأԶ۶м
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ϵĻβŲæǽŮӹֱо仰ĸײȻҪӽңҾ͵˵һ˵
Ȼ޿ɲɣЦⲻ䣬ʲôֻ˵
εӽ֮ǰǸ˭ѧģôƭˣžǸûġ
ݽ˽ȴҲûŷ˵
ǶŮСʱҵȴʮ£Ǿ˵һֻף΢Щˡ
Ҫôĸ׾ջطŵĻҵûӽΣ޹ءִҪңȻþְ̺ôڼ䣬Ȼٲ˸ִ
ͷ˭Ҳֺõ¶ǣɱΪãͷǵһȣͱ𽻸ңʡ¶Ҳʡġ
⻰˵Ŀ湻ֱġ
뵽Ǿ䡰ûһʱѡ
Ҳߴ٣ȺĲ裬ڣֻͨ泩
ԭΪ˶ΪԷĸͱϥЭ˵Ĵġ
ƺԥζû֨
ֺڲ裬վҲһʱĸǣȸˣǻȥյء
ֻð¡
߳ԺīͷţδʱȽϳвⵣǣС㣬˶˵ʲô
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ī뵽ǸܺӣͷƤһ飬ӽүĸΪʲôҪС㣬ⲻǰС㵱ɻ𣿡
ĺˣӽүС㣬δظˣˣȫ˶ˡ
ε޷ֻҪǸҽңȻҲǸҵ̵ġ

549ûĶ2

˼ջǾӽΡ
Ϊģﾩǣϥ³ĺֻŵ档
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͵ʱԺһҲûУΨֻᵹڻԱߣҺԱ˲ж
ɫ䡣
ŰݷõĿˣޣͷòŵǼҾͱŪֻ֪ᴫۣʱ˵ӽû¶ģҪƼҿһ͢ƼҿɾҪԲ˶ˡ
ôţϺѾһ亹ҲأĶȥˣ
Ժи̽ͷ̽ԣͷվŵǷˣ񣬶ԴҴ
šüģǲԺźţһľ͵ˣ
æˡҪ͵үôԺ
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ү֧֧ү˻ޣװȥ£ͰԺ˶ϳȥԼ˷䡣
ֻǰһϮ漴ŭݣү£һ𣿲
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εߵӽϡ
ӽϲϣһҲԸ֥Ժθ첲ϸסѣֻŭصΡ
Ƭ̣ЦˣȻӽүԸ⣬ĸ׻ǲҪǿȵĺãһ˸Ūޣһûºԡ
ȴ֣ȻҪ˽㣬ȻģСӾЩûʲôᵽԺӴӴϵȻȻ׺ˡ
˵ţϲͷӽ¸ͷ
档
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ɫ»֮һ𻵣ǸʲôĸױҸӽүҸǰһܵĵǸҰؾ棬δ̫ҡ
ԭûʲô³ġ֮ĸ֣ˡ
⡭ôذ
εЦĿǰΪֹͳôһֻʲôĸܲ˵֪˾ة͸ƼңҲڸǲ͵ʵ˵ŪŪѾ˭ˣ¶һʥ϶ֻƼҶꡣ
վסˣŵòУǰε֣϶ϱһ취ô˵ҲƼҵһӣƼҳ¶ɣ
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550ĵĻںͷ3

ߺŲī㿴ӽ
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ε̫Ҫʲô£ϲ߲ǵʵʵ淢һ˿ߣο𻵻ô¶Ϊ˼һزȡᣬٴʼմ󲻹һ塣
Сôһ˵ͦеġīϣЦū澷֣СƺԽԽˡ
𣿡ʧЦҡͷ̫
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ֱҵŰɣϾ۽硣

551̻ˣ1

Զæһ죬մӺԺûصң͵֪Сֶ챻Ϸ򣬶ϻ԰˸͵֥Ժ
ԹֻŴϱжϱŵĵ
Զðɣȥ֥Ժ
žͼеسԷīһԸˡ
ԶǸûûεӣ˵
ѾԱһ˹ͳӲ˲죬־֣ƺŷԶ
ЦЦүˣ
ԶѹŻвƣҶû÷ˣ
δ죬ճǻÿ춼ȶү˼㶼Ը֥Ժ÷ϰ˵ʱһ˳ԣôүԭǴ÷𣿡
Ůһݣÿ˵ʲôܶµԶľôˣ˭㷣ӽģУΪϱĿ𳤣ĸ̸ϣδҲ̫ˣ
δԲŲ޺ϣŲæؿˣүȥҵң
Զɫ䣬к£ΪƼҶ̣¾Ǵҹ棡
аɡλ¿ڣĿ𳤲СҵĴҸԸ췣ӽү𻵻޵¶ͷүԳƺ˾ةæ޸ȥʥϸǰ̹ף㡣
Զݽס˵ʲô
Цүʲô֪ôֱ׳֥Ժҷʲô˼ԣү˵Ȣ㣬һŮûܻҲǷ㲻ɣ˭˭æߣе̫Լ¶ڱĩãȡ衣
һƤ֮ԣԶһ˿д棬ֻ˶Ѿˡ
Σ˵
ζīĲ裬ݲȵغһڣ۽ޣҹ棬Իȥ췣ã¶ҹܵģҲٲ֡
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īǰС˵ġġָʲôˣƼҵˣȻ˴۽磬ĵû߶
ӦΣȫûһۡ
Զԭأ˵ʲô飬֮ÿ
ξסʶԼ̫嶯Ż٣ȥˡ
βκ֫ϵĽӴˮƵİֳ
Զ״û˵ʲôһ·ĬǰԺ
ӽձϻ˺óʱŰԣ˸ո˷ں
㷿ͻȻ˵үͷ
ϺĶһ٣룬϶ֶ֪ӱ֮Ϲˡ
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ϲ˲죬ʾѾ߽ȥ
Ƭ̺Զƹڷڡ
ͷӽΣֺޣҲˣֱһСڵϡ
ϺϾţڼ߰Ķϱͷ
Զȴʣĸף춼ʲô
ЦЦؿһۣϱû˵
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Ҳûʲôϵвס˻޼޻ʲôӽҴˣִӽȥ֥Ժϱæϱֻӽ˰ʱҲӦ˻ȥ˾ة˵϶鶼ȥˣӽҲúõģô԰˸ʲô
ֶˣŵ̬ŵж֤ͣϱж󲻾
Ц鶼ˣΪʲôҪһʵǰأ
ԶĿͶʱڣϱյȷĿ𳤣СүǰҲ˵ˣоƼңʶϱ˷ǰһΪⷿԿ׽ĸס
˵꣬ȡԿףߵϸǰ˫ַϡ
ˣڵǸΪԼһذ춪ʧûɣôƹˤ˼
ϲɵýĿתԶϡ
ԶšüĿ䣬Һʱ˵㲻Ƽң
βͷүԼ˵Ļô͸˵ΪƼҶ̣Ǵҹ棬һŸչžƵƵҹ¸Ƽң
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⣬һӻ𣬶ṧ˳ӡ˲仯Ϊ촷ۡ
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ΪԵʣٿŮˣǷޣܾñĻ
Ȼ֪ڸղűˤ÷顣
ֱ˵ˣҵŮûҲܻ˵Ƿɡ
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һ㣬仰ʱĪúʧȥʲôҪĶ
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ӽסˣվŶȶܡ
βɫسԶȥؼɫ۽üҵķɢ֪ʱȻһĨ˵ᡣ
ջߣϸϱˡ
ٵȵȡϵ볤λ沣ûʲôñӵģϸü档
֮ǰж಻ʱ˿̣϶⻯Ϊѡ
ϴ˲򵥣ԸϼԼĸı֮
϶˻ȻټҪ뿪̬ݵԱһ
ôƬ̵Ĺڳװ·ڵĳλ˲õĴ١
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Զ˵͸հõӣ˸ھֱׯһҹδ顣
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ԶԽĸ飬Ȼ˵ɢɢֻ֮ݳͷһ̣һųĴ̡
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ԶԣǷָĻѾһԹôļϣѰ
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ſڱտھǴ磬ЩԶ֪ڽʴ̼ҲԹôŲʡ
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ǲŷһ㣬̧ƽһۣۺЦ⣬ǻºͣ۵úܣôصĻԵ𣿡
λһЦү»飬ýȢȻˮĻƻŮۣȲôɩҳէɩӿЦˡ
⻰ﺬŶٸֻ̣Զͽ֪
Ц⵭ȥ
Զü۷һƬ֪Լ϶춾࣬ѷ赡
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һֱԼΪؾ֮ͷΪ˳֮ǰ᲻һžԼĻǸ֡
йŮв鶯ģ
ɩϵһֱԼԸϵʵ
ԶԼͷţƤǣϺذ˸⡣
ʲôû˵ֺʲô˵ˣǶǵĸоڽڻϿ尾͡
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Ȼڽǰ˵Щ˵ģýΪʲôᡣ
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Զü۳ݸүѾָʲôʱ򷽱ֳŵҹΣ
ԶһԺ︡ǰԺýʱʱɨԹ򴽣ҡ
Ǿô˵ˡװߵصԴ
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ֳԽŵѣԶӡŮӽȻͬĪͷһȣͷ
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ԶĿⶨ뿪ķ뵽Լʧ񣬲ü
Ժ
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ͭŵ˪̿ϵ̣ٻǻЩѬǡ
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ҧһڣȻҧȥȴܴ⵽һһƤ⡣
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곯ȥͼȾϼߴʲôݵ²
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ԣɫǵøΪͨ죬˰βŵ»ҹүȶ˾ƣΪ̫̫ˣʵмܲסŲò˵ҪΪ̫̫飬ȥ鷿
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ָץϵı̺ȫȻûʶԼɫж

ԶλѴԼһȥԸ꣬˸ҰԧʹϲȥûмŽݣڴ䲻ǷߵǷǵĻ
ԶСн֢ҲΪˣ¶Խģֱû
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Զλޣѡģȥ̽ļλ趼˵ˣȻںĹݽһѧʱǺ䳡ģΨһŲȥˣûбҺլôģļųĹ̹ûĻʹ˽ֶΡ
굱еεġûĻ
˭ܸǰ絶Ů˵˭
Զ»ҹûȥׯ˲õԤУҲû룬Ұο˵æӦͣû취
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ԭΪԵȥȻʼδ֡
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ĸԺεĵһۣԼӮˡ
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ԶֵŵᲹʤȯգкȻԭԶЩӲȥԼ¶ֻæϹ
Ȼڷţոϵ˿˰Σ»ЩҪ¶ϸϸ˵
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λص֥ԺԶͼī棬ɫÿ
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īһصС㣬үҡ
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춼ûڣүôˣκƼңǽļƼ¶ĵ̣ԼóȻڽȥᱻ׽ס˲òѹӡ
Զ̧ŵüѵõĶһĨͣģ
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ԱԼ裬ү˼ĵطȥˣ˽Ҳͦ
ԶϣؿӻҪ¹ܱܲÿμ涼ܣοο
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ƻ̧ۣԼһԶŮˮ쳤ҵɫĵ𪣬ûǰռʱ¶СƤ˿ɫأ޵ʹ˫ֲؽţƺϣΪľܾϣ
ƻھа׮׮ֲоСŸڵҪ鱨
Ҫˣ׮ȷʵȰø졣
ƻ侲侲μǲԼ˾Ϊע⡣
ֻǲ룬ƻѾ˭

ôû뵽־סƸֵһֻΪ˱˶Ŀͨôš
δе֪쵱һ飬Ҫȴÿ춼͵͵찾үôϸġ
ֻ˵үͼһֱھƼҲԶĵطΪǽѰȥ淢ϡ
һ͵֣˳ֱȥţ׾ͻᱻ
գ꽭ĺͬʱ֣սϻԴõүΪ檣ֻȥţκ£Ҹ㶵š

565ץ2

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ҪЩӱע⣬кó·Ҫߡ

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֪ģΪԶýƸҪȢһλ޹š
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ԶˣȻûɫȴҲϲܺõڸĲݡ
׮£֪֮٣ԶΪǽãȥһ
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סˣϲ׼ȥ¶档
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֪˶ãһ̧Ļδ¥Ȼûôһ·Χ۵İȴ١
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ׯϿ꣬ҪΪԶŮˡ
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ȻθҪţ˳츮õĲͷʹһһΧ
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ŻˣƤӵүǼҶүɵⶼûţɱˣǲŪˣ
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ƶүɵĲǴ̵İôɱ˰Ϲϵˣ
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ڣϷףȴֻ߬䣬Ҳҳ
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566㣨3

Ƽŵڸߣҷἰֻаķݶʱǣ
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Ųͷ飬ͷ˸˵ǰץӷٶ죬ͷ֮
˽Ҫͷôǰ˴ߣ󣬡ĵȷǴ̵İãǴ̣үŪˡ
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Զ갲˸СԺ䣬Ժŵȡ
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Զ͸գ֧ŵǲףַҺؽӳһţʹһգ˹ȥ

567׽öүϹã1

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ιź󣬴ԼԺ˲⼸Ȼǵ͵ӣƽȴûݣԶô˵һвޣԵ˵ˣүҪԼ״ɩţ࣬ȥʱסһӡ
Զôһ֪ǵľ󣬱ָźͺ¿ͷһأ߷ѵȴ޴ӱʲôƬ̳ԸҪȥ

568ݷ2

ǰźͶŶٸ˶סԶֻܻС˵ѣװһ׼Ӻ뿪ȴֵסȥ·
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˵꣬ͳһֽݸ
ԶʱӿϲõԤУææֽ򿪣ݣϲ˲ţ㣬㾹Ҫݷ򣿡
⻰
Ǵ߸СܶడԴֻһ仰ƼƱͶ

569ȡ1

βƵѩ˼ϣεıʼ顱ΪĿ
ĵ׵ĳұˡһϣԶֻûವģ·ͬʱͱ˸ԴסΪʲô
ʵø侲
ȴóԶǰһ˿
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ԶɫİףϵĻѩΪһ塣
ΧԽԽࡣ
˻Ϊ±ڴ⣬һֲˣ֮̳˵˵ѩѩ׵ļֽݸ
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˭һ̣ǹڵС˴ͱĳһ侪׵Ļ
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˵ĿŲϣЦӣݷ¶١
⸴ϥһԶŮЩģŮ䣬˶֪λ̻ûǸѪԵģΪȥƼǵŵת˭Ųһ¾͸ݷ׵ձ˺Ʈˣƶүˣ
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ԼƼϴδйκβТţչֶҵҵ޸иȻҵķȻҹвµʱ檡
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Ƽһ£û֮߳ûңֲͬ룬Ψݷһ·ߡ
˵һжƶүҵġ
λ˵ˣĻв׵ģڵϵĲˣƼҶүԶ
λҪΪ˼޲Ĵ¶״ɩΪԼ檡
ԣǰЩӴƼҴλãʵڣΪƭ˳Ļѣ
£˿Զ׷ױζ
ƼҿϳλĺҰƶүΪμȻƤӵеŮ֮£
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ǰڸϾͱλֵָűֵô˵汻¿ˮԶڵϣͷ̧ﲻϵذ󣬡˵ˣ㣬˵ˡ
δĿѾ˲κβ֮԰йڣΪ㣬ֻУݷ֮ٵ׹֣ӦӦãܵ˵áָôֻ˵ƯⶼӦõıӦ
Զ߬飬Ϊʲôһλᶼϸң˵ǰĲҿԸģǷģһ㣬ΪⱲӶ檣㡭
δƶүҶǳˣǷɣ˵Щ㿴ѾǶһŮ˵߳ŵ˻᲻жʹҲ֪Щ͸㱾һһĲֵ
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Զ֮ǰѾˣεĻҲ޷סһѪ罦
ȾǰѩҲȾ顣
ֻǲ󵹣˳츮ѾӿòһһҼסԶ˫۽ߡ
ŲͷԶлתΣЦЦƶ̺
λһЦŮƼˡ
Ųͷ֣ǣ
һ־磬һݷ֮٣ÿ죬Ҳ졣
ΧȺںܿɢ
˶ûˣһֱڴźĿȫ̵ˡη߳
Сáˡüŵһ̲ѪǶϸɾ˰ɣ
ݸѱθң
ηѵãļױɶǱأ˰ɣɲܱƼˡ
εͷվȥᡣ
ˡԼãֿԶķ򣬲ɵƶˣ˵Щ͸㣬ƼүӾͻģôƸ췭˻˼ҵӰ
ԶĿҪҪͷôүӳ֣
ηɴ۾õ˼ǡ
үӦͻˣֻýʹ˰ӣΪʲôû֣Ҳϸڡ

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ԭָԶԼķϳڹϡһҺɫ̴жദ˺ۣһǱòᣬʱڻԡ
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ĵ׷ֻԶѡ
۾ˮүǶ˵ɱ˴ү𣿡
ƶԶԼǷִŲ䣬ƶվԼߣдһϣ
·ֻҪԶ˵ţܰȻش߳ȥ
Զ˵ֱʼûһۣȫεǾ仰һжȡ
ȡ
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굽ôˣΪʲôҪһֻЬ˷ôʱ侫ԼƵĵز
˱ۣԶʱѹ⣬ӳݷ伷һ仰ֵ֤ȷǱıɱġ
⻰
һֱԼ˵¶²Ϊҽڣ˵һ˵־޷߽µȷʵǰӦÿˣϴα֮һûʱ򣬲ûʱ䣬Ųס󱬸Сɰǣ°ɣÿĶھྫڳָǵǰᣬи壬һʱ䣬û׼¾ܻأ

5702

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һ̣Χ˷·𶼲ڣУֻʣԶԼѿڶǾ仰
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룬ˡ
¸һľѽ˼˻
Զں˵˵ʲô
šü
ġ
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˸繧˳ޣôܶ׵۹ȥһɱΪ檣ϣҵҪȢʱ㲻⣬ԼֳĴȺˣͲֶΣѾĻҲҪԼҵŮˣ㲻Լܶ𣿡
ǲĴʵԶûʵ֤ݣҪԱˮͱŮá
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ײպײࡣ
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ԭֻǽ˵ϲȴ࣬ġ
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ֶԵ¼̣ϸ˵ԵҩʲôӣָļֲϵҰѵϴ֤
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Զʱԡȴҧģ޲ָƣջǲòס
ԶΪ֤ˣһ͵ͷš
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Զ֪ԼСָǰģʲôֱ˵ɣ֮£֪Լд
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ߺԶǰ˼ûþͼԼҸС˸
ʱͣ£ӱ¶һΪǶҰ׵
϶ˣǼأ
ɱ˷ȻǱؽ˴ΡԶƽ
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Զ򴽣ҺۣܲЪ
ע⵽ԼҶһˣæȥ
Զ֮ͺ۾ȻûҪ˵˼
ϿۣʵƣӿڵĻջ˻ȥϵ̺Ӹš
ҵʱŻ˼ĺѾȫˣȥƸϿջһƬϵıɥ
ϵΣϵڶһͷˮԶȥԺ˵
ĸӶ˸ԺԶиС˶ԶԶ˹޺ţ壬塭
ԶסŲŤͷôˣ
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׻벻ͣٺ±Ű浽һ̣ŲµĻ
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Զ˱ۣƺŽ긲ߵǾ㲻ΪӽֳĶӰɣĴȻҲ˵ġ

571檣1

Զ֪˵ĵ滰ǹͷԼɷϣľȷȷʵʵܵӰ죬ٿСֶЩ뷨
Сֶ޵ò֣ԶȻ֪ģһҴȥҶòã
ӽһſõͷ
Զ˰ӽүطԼȥԺ
֮ɫ࣬Ѿ㼸λֵܸסˣҪָ˵϶˵¶ôɣ
һжֻǸᡣԶԼڹϵһ׸ҲҪɽΪ檣統λʵû˽ҵңѽϵж˵ˣΪϹ˳ΣΨмװӦţȻ׽ôˣҪǱȥץֱӴׯߣʱĳô
˵Ķģ𾪣Ȼʮ⾹ȻĻ
ϿԼɣԶͣҵȷʵŭֳԭҵӣҺѪϹͷŽأô֣߱˵ɱֳԼȥôһֻΪֳ𣿡
ôƼңôԶģϷųȥһˣѾ̫಻ۻ֮ʣû뵽ֵأȻ뾡ƽϢԣôһ粨һİػ٣ӵܻкھ㣿
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¶һšԶ뵽εľһʱȥѶһŸ˵
ܽǲһֲ߻ڹϣϻɢǷⱲӶǰ̧ͷ
ֻҪϿϻƼңܽΪ֮СС̶֣»СС»ˣһãȻᵭȥ
ת˲֮䣬ԶѾΪԼĺ·㡣
ΣüϱҲ̫ƼҷˣݷڿЦ𣿡
ԶάֻǸƢأ˵ǰأȥ˸ʱǰǡ
仰ϵɫԻ
ԶزԺջݾͻ˯ȥǼææȥ򣬿һȽҩι¡
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δ˲Լ󣬻ɾ۾ʹӽȥ
Զû³óӽȥȻСֶǰǶңֻȥˡ
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ŷһƣ˭
С˶ûشԾɱţŲӣǻҶ
һ˵òƼλүɣ
Ͻȥ̣ͨ˵Ƽүˡ

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ڣע涯ԶƤ͵һӽ˵ģ
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⻰ԶͷһȣˣڼʱͳСЦ£ֻһʱͷϣĵģҶףƽϡ
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⸴˿ڲ裬ҹŮҲһ࣬й˵檾檣ǲǶ裿
ԶѾŹ˵ˣģν檣ֻϹһٽ׽ȥٸˣûҪ檵˼ǸõģⱲȢҵңôܷôõӲҪȥһһ֮ܶûǰҲԣҵıⲻΪ̰ɫֶѾ֤ʵǰ⺦ֳҲðűķջĽһҪңⱲӳޣҲ檡

572׻ޣ2

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˲δʱɫ԰ףƳеζ
ȫݼȻտ
ζһᱻж
檡֣⸴ӣҲԼҷô˵һһӣԺŮˣڡ
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ʹ檶̧һǲһǻ⸴ڲԺ
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ǰദʮǢãǳóǼ꣬˸ǰ԰ڹ
λ븮ͷһŵòӣƫƫԷģ᲻زãΪˣһ˳ﻹһŻ
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ζҪǸٹȥӲÿʲôӡ
뵽Щڣ¶Ҳۣ͵˵¹ǲпԣѾȥˣҹŮų챻ָָӣ
Զ˵ŽǰŤתô˶Ĳӡ𣿡
ĸ˵̫ϬԶ
Уһ£;Ͽ϶Ӱ죬˵٣ܱסµĹְ㲻ˣԼԺʲôҹŮ㻹ָҹŮļױɣ
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ЦǼҽʱҲô˵ɺأ檵¶Ǽ٣һҹŮ˰ɣ
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ҺãĻúТ˳ǡ

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϶ôͬأϴǳ⣬֪֪Я㡭
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ϢգԶ´һֻȥ˳츮̽ꡣ

573ױ3

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ֲܺ㣬үαôأһƬӰЦԵ
ĸ˫Ȼһǣңκ¶вԶ֪ٳȥֻԼŬ֪˶ٳʪǿŭѹȥȻ󲻹ܽ˵ʲôٻͷ뿪Ρ
صϣԶһʱȥϣû游Ϣ
ϵ游ĴȥҪϲŻƽʱĻ˼ҲţҲûõϢ
Զԭ˵ʲôɻߣͻȻҭסˡ
ôׯǼ£游עؼαӵôңѾ˸Ʒˡ
һ뵽֮ǰڼڵΣԶͷϵƲסع˹ġ
ϼ״ǲĲ
Զܵ˺ûָЩܣ¾æһЪϢ
ԺԶֱȥ֥Ժ
űվ棬·͸Ŵϵͷ˲Ρ
ԶüĿ
үŮӵ
Զع񣬿ȥĨᣬתԷ֥ԺĶѾߺʣ£
ǰϢ˵һױ
⻰ԶĳطʹĬòɳá

գʮλˣźԶкֱǰ֥Ժᶫ
εļױӣһݣżһݣٸһݣǵǼģ˭
ԶվԺſڿǽѰŻһСˣǼҹأ
Сʵ̾ϡ
ԶԣתͳȥļУȥ˻ˡ
Ȼͣһ
䣬ԶЩвͣ³վʯϻ˻
ŲƿԶ˫ĿɴӴȥ̹Ȼױ
֪Զͷ
˵Ĭ
ղųʱкܶ໰ģһͺƱסɤӡ
ԷϸԼ˵Զ˶٣ܲæ
ʲôæκɵؿ
ԶԼȥʱĻС˵ˣŴɫѿһˣ޷һֻۣ㣬ֻҪܰҳڶʲôɡ

574Ľ֣4

δ飬ǰ֪겻Ҫô벻᲻Ҫ̶ֳȡ
үӵǼ٣Щһ˵Ǹ˶ᱻĵ
ԭʹȥ̽࣬Զ˵ôһΣӦȰױһҸȥ
ԶڣҴӦ㣬ǿʲôϣֻǵȥҺ֮ĳЩԹˣòŸмңҲҪֺô
Զʳ룬˵ƾǨؾǣܲܵң
Σ
һΪ֮Ѿϵúܸɾˣȴԭƶүб뷨ô
Զ͸ɫ֪ѾµĴ޷أǷĵϣܸҸ֤ԼĻᣬ˵Ļһ
ʵûҪƫͷǾԵʣԺܶ¶ƽ̫֮ͣңһŬܸĨģҸĴŮӲͬҼǺãҲǳ˭Һ˭ҲãҶʮٱĻ˼ҡ
ռ޸ǻʵǱϣģֻҪƴңҾŬԼѪԣΪĸֻϧԼҪֻջԼеϣ
ˣˣҸǰǸˣ޷õҵһԭ£û֮һ꣬˵ԭɵĵӰҲԶĨǲֻ࿴ᣬһ컹ɢ
Զ˶
δջĿ⣬֮¶һͣҸǰûǱҪ˰ɣƼôЩӣ۾ûϹҲûΣԼжϣûҵ㣬Ѿܹ˼ˣƶүе֪֮
ǰԶڿϴռκαˣ˰벽Ҿϵ£Ͱˡ

ǸȥŴΡ
Ծͷ棬š
ΣЩ⣬漴Цû뵽ƼҶˣ㻹ܶ벻鰡
걻֮󣬸һϢ֪ԶѾ롣
ݸ˵ʳǸˣԵĶϣȲ㣬߲ܣ󲻷֣ٽˡ
ɫ΢Цʣôηζòã
ᡰһ˸㣬ԭ˴Ǵµģֻϧˡԣ̵һӲˣնĻ㻹аηҪԣüįҲ㡣
ЦԶȻ֪ˣʣµЬʲôõģ
Щܼεŭ⣬֮ûз÷£Ҳ֪ҲûȤ֪ϾҶԣЩҪҼƼҵĿ꣬㡣
⻰Ī˾ú쬵ģʲô˼
δ΢΢£˶㣬Ϊ̰ͼòҶ㣬Ϊʲô
걻˫۾ЩȴӲΪ˵仰Ҿ㣿ҵΪԶѡһҹˣԼ¶ˣʲô
˵ӦǴڵġεѡΪ·ҾΪһȪ·ҵɵӣʵǸ۲۵İ׳գӲã۾ҲϹѡ˭УƫҪѡһӵˣ֪һһȴմմϲΪԼܶӮңɵĿɰء
꣬һܣηΪ㰲ŵչޣȻˣʵڰ಻סˣһ԰һֻľ¿ľ¿ɱЩˡ
еעǾ䡰ӵˡϣٿΣ翴ҲЦ¶ɫץһѵݾͳ㵽ǹ
ؿķӦӵģ˵ǹ
ϣֱð亹㾿ô
ţֻ졣ε˳ѶڻӵĻ˵
ҲҲס䣬Ъ˹
οǱӣ뵽ϱԼǰϿĨ⣬оޱȳ졣

֮ļ죬ÿ춼ͨϵȥ̽꣬Ҳ˵ʲôֵĻֻѶԷԼǻӵˡ
մȾ¹
ڵһ˵Լӵʱ򣬾ѾǴңôֻ̼ҪǰλΣʹҹҹجΡ
ν졣
ҹǱ߾ʹϢˣʱ˫۵ɵϴǿʲôµĶ˭Ҳʲô

575ң1

ƸҾ죬ȵõϢ
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Զüͷ
ڵΡ
Լȥû콭ˡ
ֱϣ¶һйأŵ˲鵽ʲôǡ
뵽ԶŵСˣ֪֪ôģ
С˵ǵ˵ϽնƵģһҹͱجξѣǺǽȥϼ˭˭˵أû׼մȾʲôණġ
ȷΪԶ̽ʡ
Сĵûʡ
ԶĲ£صȥõĽС޼--εȷȥ꣬ûκ֤ݱԽʲô󱻹Ϊʧķ衣
ɱоΪնǰҲûĲ
ԶȻܾôˣ䵽أ
ο꾹Ȼ游µ¸صĵ壬ˣҲð
ǽʬ屻ͳԶԽҡ
һУԶſʼֳȥ游
ҪȥݸΣ֮ǰƽ¡
Ȼ˶үӻִ֡Զ˽ѰʱһϢر͵Ƹ
үӵıʼ˵Щ˴ϱľ𽥵ˣţΪԼҲΪ
ĸУ㶼͸¶
һϣ¾ϼը˹
Ҫ֪үһ棬Ƕӵܱ˸߿֣ȫүӺͷλٹ⣬˵ҾͳңⲻǿǧӶ
Ϊˣ˳£Զţ׷ҪԶμȥү
ԶǰлүӵױţǼֵͬǵ
Ȼʼû˵һ仰ĿүӵּϣϸܿǼ΢΢
游ǶţΪԶԼѰطԾˡ
֮ôѣһǲü˵ǣΪѰ˸Ľڡ
ˣֳ˵游Ƶ㾳ء
ΧĳڼԶۿվͳˣ
һ
ڶʱ˵߶䵽ϡ
Զ游ŷɨһۣȻүԸǾɣжٹ⻷ܸ󱲴ٺôǶԼġڼʱжТѡ˱·һ뷨࣬лҪ˵ǰɣǽһ˵˭㣬㣬㣿ղҼ˵ˣվ˵Σ
Ŀɭ䣬˴δࡣ
ָе˲һ˵ôʲôǻǵүʹˣһΣա
ԶЦһˣҰһʰʰǣѴϱ飬ֱүӴΪֹ
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Ȳ˵û֪У֪ˣүӿ䷢Ϊɮô˵ͻ
û˸˵Զ²ᣬҶɢ˰ɡ
Ƽ̻Զͽû𵽶ã˶ԣ򲻸Υġ
˼ΪԶμʱҲⷢԣֻķԸĬĬ¡
ȼ˶ɢȥϲһݵؿԶ϶游ԸƹŷҪͷ֪ôЩСĲТأ
˶ûˣΣԶѹۿеɬ游ΪͨˣԼ뷨ֺαǿѣϲ徲ϲţȥɣ˻ţﲻܡ
أʣô죿ʮüˣܾܲôŰɣҪ¶ƽϢȥٸɫùúö˼ңȡΪƼҿ֦ɢҶ
˵ɡԶʱûٻĴ㣬뵽Ǹݵֶӣ̾ȥݣǺúӽѧãҵĽӰˡ
ϳŶüۼǲɫʵ⵱Ŀóϲ飬˵ӣôͲϸأ϶һϱۼҵЩӣ¶þ̳ܽŮǻǴŵûҡ
ֻϧǸϹӡ
ԶЦ
޲ҪȥһͼɫҲⱲʲô˳
ϻ˵ԶԺˣȷǺãζûǱӮģֵϣѾҷ⣬֮£Ҳó
Ͼӣһֻʣһôֲܣ룬ǿڣȥϣҪпϵģҸҰɣﻹűء
ԶѾһ
Ϻҵģһ𣿡
Զ֪㲻Ĵ߻飬ֻüװȴӦҲõҵ˵
--
θ
ٰѾһԭ㾡綯ݣѦڹͻȻ
С̥Ĳ֢֮ЩңȻϵҩȴҲǿһ̫ҵĶѹ֧Ųס
˴뾩ƻûͬģѦ׷ҪС˾ĴܣƻĥӲòǿͬ⡣
ƻΪڣʮʮ
ʮóöʮóҽ
˶ƻ˾
ʮΪб޻ʮר̸Ѧ׵ӵġ
 뾩ôЩӣһֱòǰһѩѦ˻纮֣˾ɼ˲øء

576˶Ա˴˶ã2

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ΡˣײòᣬôûôοջֻǸЪŵĵط಻㣬ǲǼҵȰ׵˵
ƻֻüֱ֪ӸΡ϶ӣȥð˲ٶȡů̿ϵޡʱ˵ӡһӦɻ
֪ԺЩЦ˵ƽƮݳģû뵽ȻǸӼҺˣðЩ嶼һ뵽
毵ͷͣǰѾǻЦأ˵Ȼ䣬ʵǸȵģӲֵµˣҲӲװѵ˭ɾǡǳ̫ˣ˲⿿
ͷһ˰ѡɡϣһ뵽Ǹ˵գ־ôв

ǰЩӱƸһ¶ס˽ţûģԶһϻңϾʱԽԽָ࣬ͷ㣬ӦÿҪȥˡ
滹ѩ϶񣬱ů¯ȥɩɩηԺ
ηű飬ڸǼҵС̥£νЦȻ˸ɫ쾲쾲ǣô
ԭýζСһֱӣͬغСùá
ԡֶӵСղŸأ
׽¡
ԾͬĻشŴĶˡ
СһȻòһÿʲôϲһЦԷǡ
ʲôأ˵ùҲ
˵˵һֻѻͺꡣ쾲šСüͷѻ˵ʲôţ
۾ȥ硣
쾲öһۣȻ˶ûס׽Ĺ£ֻͬŹùõѻ˵ʶˡ
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ƼҲиС˶˶٣ֻС˶õʱͦɰԼֶֶŮһֵ̬
η飬ԲʡĵĶŮͶ˵ˣôرҵģ
ɩɩεܹԹ㽲£ǰһͰ﷭׶죬͵ְɡ
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εԺ󰡣ڼңøɩɩš
֪ڿЦηȴЦ˼ʵΪСӵġ
ԭΪԶǸõģ˭һ¾ֳô¶ֱϷ̨ݵĻʡ
ʱŮӺȻټޣɺĸˣܵӰ죬СǺŹŮҪõҲǼ¶
ʵټ޵⣬Щûٸ˵䶼ˣɩɩٸԼƪۣڵɩɩþû˰ɣǽȥǱ߶Σ
ηôͻȻȥθ
ɫ̹ȻһƼҶǻүҶշҺˣôҲøһɣҪôģϲ˵û뷨𣿡
⻰ηͷɽѩҪȸѩͣˣҰѾ;Ƕϣصȥĸ
ȥμĿĵģû취ӣԻصɩɩҪǲ㣬һȥɣֻǸүǽһҺԶ¶Ҳ˶೤ʱ䡣
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ѩȻµȴСɨ·棬˺һ㡣
ڳڣźĳѩµ
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ɤӵǣҡеλóöĹӡ
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κμ߶ĳƺźһ̡
ءΰ˰֣ҪȥˣͨȥپӼɡ
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䣬ҲûȥԼ˨ƳСⱦźİ棬ûݣʱʱѽ
ڿϿ˻ӣЩлƲʽˣơƺʶƺæϵ˵ˡ
һ˯ʱɢ룬
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κηʱհѻվƳСޡ
ŲɿֻͷûϵηҲţЩ⣬ѩôôͻȻˣ
¶߾ⱦԼ֮ӽҽǼ˲鷳ҸԶˣŹǡ
ⲻǵڡ˵˵Զ֮䵽ôˣУΪʲô˴Զ檣ɵĻǡӦҥɣ
ηʶһۡ
붼ûҡͷҥԶѾڹϽֻΪץɱײŲò²ߡ
ñĳѾ꣬ûڱͱԶһϾӺһ̿ʼ֮Ѿͬİ·ͺϣԶ˵ԼĲǣҲԼ˴
ǼȻǳᣬôأʮֲ⡣
ԶΪ˰ѽѾû취ںԺȥƽ͵ؽͣȥݣң롣
΢飬ڵˣô׺Ƶģ
δ۽ޣʵЩ£˶Ǳ˴˶á

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һǶʱԽ̣Խ˵κԶ֮ʵźܴ⣬ԲŲòԺΪλսᡣ
ЩҲֻ룬ûʳ˼Ͱעתηϣôһ˫ŮСһþöûˡ
ηţô䣬¶ţĺӱչˣҪһӲǻҪҵ
˵аɣ㲻ӣԼܵȥġ
η˻ʹȥٰüӡ
θƶү£˵ˣΣο䣬˵úŮҪʲôķļһѵںŶء
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ѩûͣɡ˳СһֱǰߣիסŲҪȥ
ضΣͷҾ񣬡ˡ
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󣺡ԣ֪˽տпգ
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áҲԼɡЩŰ߽ի·ʱ͸һۣĿȴһĨӰȥ
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ЦŵлƳ۲Զ
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ΰЦСԼȣô
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ʮСʣ𣿡
ƻ˾ȫĻҪʱȻȡ
ͷʮĿżԶȥıӰһãȻ

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˵˽ţʮֲ˼飬ЦŴȤҪ˵Ƿ·С˵һţ¶ϣô붼е㲻Ծ
治ɫô䣬ֽ˱ҾͭǽҲԸͷ
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579˹꣨1

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581ԤУ3

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߳ϴ·ֻؿڶһŻ𣬷䶼ɢ
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ٻپӣƲѾΡҪʱ˶鰸ǰĿרעϣû
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588⸮

ΡﾹЩˡ
ֱ䴫ⱦ׽ʱİ͵ػع
Ρע⣬Լ̵գͷҴȥҡ
ڳϣԼõĲⱦ
ⱦССצץȣټĺ񣬶ֱҲòĲֻðԼĲ
ŮɵﴽЦˡ
ֻЦƳ󣬵˼֡
ôֻѣÿƤ
ͨһڵϣߵ˸ͷ𣬡ū澲֪ߵغһʱȾȻүæд飬ū澲أ˽
·룬үƷϵȻóȥ˵ôֻһֿܣʱ˿ˡ
¿ɴСϾʱֻûصΪһ˵˸ǰҩôԼͷϾʲôС
ԣϴԼΪõ˸ǰ·Ͳº˭ҽӡ
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ϴҹĲúôڽүųүд飬ֻүûӦ
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£û¶·ѹͲ֪顣
ﱻһʶµ˵ʮָӡ
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治֪Ѿ֪̽Լ
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Ļȥˣūһλʶֵдġ
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һΪ£һţսսȥѶҴˣǲǵ˵ʲôĻ
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֮ǰ֪θλĸСʱǸưָͣȥĹݽѧȻĨǸõʵÿ㣬طһǴͷԸǼ򵥣̫ѡ
ͷԼ򵥵һۣ̾Ҳ⼸ڹ̣ܽû¶ˡ
ΨΨŵŵʵµģֻҪ˲ū澾ͺá
ԹͷϡʲôЦү;ǻѾߵʱ˸ļӽѾͷ߻ϷѰ͵úܣɽ¶ˮһүǰͿʼˣĻװûҲҪǸ͵ӶѣҲ֪ŰҵɵӣΪԼõˮ©ʵϣЩΪǵСĻȫֻ뿴ٱնðˡ
˶٣Ƴ΢΢׵ɫǵǸѾ̫Ҫµӡ̣ЩľԱˣҹүæдŵ¶Żᱻᣬµģ˵ͺˡ
촽Щԭԭй𣿡
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ô˵뵽ǸŽ׳ǧС㣬뵽ԼǸݰͰ͵Ķӣһʱ᲻ѡ
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ǮۿЩʪ󣬡еźӣôºӲܣǰЩҽҴţ˵Ӳˣô죬ֻ˴Щӻȥȥܡ
ĨĨᣬǮ￴㣬ӣôθ
ԣǲ¶һĨɬ
ʵûֻץˣвǲǵķԸ£ɱúû
տʼʮֿܡ
һз֮ԣȥˣֱܴ衣
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Ǯ죬һҪһڸϵģ£Сʱү˸ʹѵˣ
ǮҡͷεЦЦ֪ԼＸȻ̹ӵˣȴûϸģҲܽϵ㵽ʱҪһҲǴǶѡҿ϶Ҫǲȥġ
Ǯ˲ûθҲͦʵģʱȥүˣү˶ˣû׼㣬㺢ӳˣܵ⸮һֲ£뽫ĻʲôģòԼȥˣֻҪ°úã˶̲ĺô
𣿡ǿ˳ǣģ⸮е

589ҷˣ1

ΡѾвǷԷĵʵ뷨
Ρˣһò쿡أûʶ˵ϣƢȻĺá
ÿһΡﶼⲻ˽ԼǸһ޳ɵ˰Աȡ
ԱȵĽǸᶨҪһθӵġ
˼ֻܰţ˭˵
ǮһÿõӾģǮҿ԰㡣
Ǯһ㶣ң
ԡͷǼǷ˲ծȽ̣ȥļʮӿҲֻǿծʲôģֻ룬ǮһֱμңǾͲһˣ⸮еİˣҪ㣬ǼҲ֡ο˵ģ޳˾⸮£ڴ˼ҵȶܱ㻨ǮǮñգ˵ˣԺڷ˸ǰһˣԼߵĹҲûܣĺ¶θ㻹ȥ
һ˵ǮĶˣٺǸĹˣܲܲΪӵǰ룬ҲĶһϾ󵽵˭ڽߵһӵܾġ
뵽ЩǮ￴ֲǷ˶Ļ׳棬ôȷһң
ܽʱܲס쵽ҽүôڽߣûİ˸̻ˣ棬ǮΪʵ֣үҪҲǴҶ֮ѡһҼȻ˵Ҫ㣬ôʱѡңҾͽ˵ԼﺢӶ֣ȻȻ䵽Ǯͷϡ
Ǯ˵꣬ȦѾˣӣôңʵǲ֪˵ʲôá
ЦЦҵ࣬ҰҲŽ㱾֣ԵҪʲô¶þͳɡ
һһ
Ǯﲻͣǧлȴûôϣ֮ҪǮȻΪ˸ԼͬˣҪʲô£иĵطһֻԴС

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ƻԭܾʮʮ˫۷Ź⣬ԴӦȨǸһζĻᡣ
Ѧ״󲡳ʺϾ˶ע˴Ե
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֪ҪȥԣҪԪõͬ
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ףȫ´޻籧ϣС־һءݼݼݡ
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ҵܵܽġԪԼ࣬۽յݣû̫
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Ԫû˵ԴϴⱦѾһûҲ֪˳춼æЩʲô
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βֵϲ㣬֪ģҾ벻ˣԶǸ˵ʲôõģ㵱Ȼᡭ
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590翴ǹģԲԣ2

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ҲҿԵѺκΪֵõѺĶĿС

591ģ㲻⿪ͷ1

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592ΪβܵӢۣ2

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ԼĻô˵ͬʱûͣ϶йʣ˵Ѿҵˣ
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⵽ʵһٶ
ػһ޷ܼƼңȴ뷽跨ԼǸӳԣʵֽѡ
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ڴʮֳκԶŴһ¾ͺ꣬ҲֻǸտʼǼ촫ܿ͵ǵߡ
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ôͲһˣǼǽţɸǵèĹԱ㲻ˣָ̳ܲе²ɣҸ粻һҿǴС͸ڵƨɺϰ䣬ʵأ󻰲ҿ䣬һһġ
ˣŮǱŷظ°뱲ӶټˣΣĸζƼ˶ίŻ
˳ƿ˻ĺܺãҵŮһǵÿ˲ܻȥһ죬һƾ֤ġ
˸˸ķﲻʲô춯صĴ¶ֻܺúõģ͹ˡ

ڴջظ˼ױӣ޶Ÿů¯
֮󣬵һʱܽԺ밲
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ܽԺȥΡ
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͹̹ģѾָ߰˳ɡ
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￪żɽŸλǻϴµģ
šףǸϢҵʤ֮˳˼ˡ
ﴹ۽ûǻ
ʣǰȥܽԺʱûλ𣿡
ûҡҡͷҵʱѾ˰ɡ
ûҲûϵͬһ£ܻͷʱ򡣡
εĻ̧ͷλûӦˣҲôżҽӻˡ
û¶˼ľȣֻŲϣѹĲֹһҲһ£Ͷͷˡ
۸Сʲôʵ£ο⻹ӽ£СӴģΪ󸾣ֻҪλСûɱԽĳ£Ҫݴȣ˴ȥͳ˵ĸĲǡ
ϱǱСƵսҩʯҽ
Լû취Ըû
ô˵ҲǺḶ́ٳ裬ĳ̶ֳ϶ԣѾҵĿˣٶҵָֻš
ܴ׸λģֻгһѡ

593ҹ1

ﲻòҲǸõģ븮ϥԾɺܵ⸴ϲ˸ǰʮֵ˷ظǴ˲ͻһֲ
ǶƽԺ޲ŪԷǺгȴ쳣
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ʮһֵǮҹֵ
ǮΪ˱֣ƽ˭ͿʱǾһ˵̵ͣˣҲֻһЦĻ˵ʵɵӡ
ǮԼȴ⣬֮ǰҽľǧ˵˼ҹض࣬һСıӿڳ˵¡
죬һͬĻ߸ѡ
ҪһһжĿҪѸ迴ӣȻ軹ʼ⣬ȫӤֵܳͻǸԼǰľش𣬻شú˲£õֱӸһǮ򷢳ȥ
һͨɸѡ̭ʣȥ˷ˣ۲
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ʱǮ֪ԼĲͨ˼ҡ
ǰиȥ˵˵븮ͷһֻȥ̫̫ǰ¶˸ѯһˡ
⻧˼ң࣬Ǯ࣬Ҳࡣ
ֻĴ˼Ҳе档
Ϊ֪Ǵ˼ңǮŻر֣ͦ£СӶ̣ӻȥúûһֵͬﾹȻ˸޷ܾն
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ǮԼŬ·ҪչС÷˶ԼС
ڶҹֵԭΪСӻϸһÿҹͺ˯Ҫôڣҹʱ־Ϳʼ޸ͣô壬СӾǲԣιھ¡
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ⱦôˣΡһ˵һ̧ţߵӤߡ
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ԥƬ̣үܷūȿҪ븮ҽ
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׻ǷĲ£ȥԺ븮ҽ
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Ρʣʲôԭµģ
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ҽ֮ΡⲽӤ£ⱦѾָ۵С
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ΡûӣĿⲻⱦϣҹ䲻Ȳ衣
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ΪΡǮʧְֻȻȥЪϢ
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ΡĶعͷ񣬽ĿɲỺôˣ
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￴һĻ߬ȭͷ

594ū澳2

ƳķӦܿأ
ΡɿݸȻڣȥЪϢ
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а๫Ҫˣһⱦһѣ˭ιֲ̣ǲ֪Ѿ
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˵ԼþͿӻ̣û취ι̡
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һֱλĸϹر֣û뵽ֲ֪߳ܵĻܵ˵˵ʱθլûԭ
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϶һʵ˵ǡ
ԽԽϰۡ
·ûʱʱԼ϶վ๫ҪҪȲ裬ȥ㡣
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طˣūǰүģү˵ϲȲ裬һڶû
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ô˵ЩҲ̫̫ˡ
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ΡЦЩΪְ̫ôܰϣ
Ҹ硣
˵űߵҪָ磬ͱΡ§ϣϵĲ֣ҵģ
ǡڴʱˮߵűߣպÿһĻҲպΡ˵ĻһڣϹȻǸҪĺӡ
Ǳ񡰲֪ܡľٶˣ⽫һɣʢˮİ״ɺڵϣžһ죬ˮĽһִʪϵЬ
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û
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߽ᣬΡʻͨһ£ū²СģүȰȰ˱ū澳

595񵽱ˣ1

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Ĩᣬūǰûź˵Ļͷһξͳ˲ū
ר˾̷ⱦźҲΡʾ˶٣ֿڣլ֮һ˹ܣǼѡģ˭ȥ˭ȻҲ÷ԾңҴˡ
һ˵ǻϸȴмֲ顣
븮ôЩӣٻ˽⵽أϲŭɫʱ˿ƺƣʵ˼׽͸
ոյСĻѹûá
ҧҧ촽´εû·ôɺţΡʱ
͵Ƭ̣ɫذ˸ҩսźҼǴˣǺҩǰŸձߣѲܣܵĻȥԺҸҽҩ
ūǰڼûֻƤˣһûʲôµģϢһҹͺˡ
ף£ͽȥЪɣү顣
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ҹֵʱֻҪСӲ޲ֵ֣ЪϢģҪ۲ضš
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֣ǼҾҪ־ְúչⱦչ˵úˣȻ̲ĺô
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ΡʧЦϵԴ˵ʲô
û˵ʲôֻǵĲ
ţҪòϲҸ߱ǡΡѰ
ǲСߣˣ˭Ҽලǲڰҹ
»谵ĵƹ⣬ΡʹСԵӣɵٴʧЦ۵¶硣
طٸΡϻߴϿ˯
ΡϢûƻɣ˯ֻҪղ壬һܰʱ
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Ρ״ģ
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596ף2

Ρ࣬Ʋʱš
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ͲʣҹΪβ
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ĻشȻûֱϸĳֳŵǸܵ˱εۡ
޷ƴЦ⣬˽Ȼͷģ
ΡָָԼе˸࣬ˣ˵治棿
ðɣеġ˺ߣůĻ
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Ʋʵл¯ů˻ſЩֹ
л˵ǰ¡
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Ŷɻü
ƲֻܸԼĸоش𣬡֮ǰū澾ͦչ˺ӣҲӦ֣ҪͿǣū澻Ϊǰ͸˵
Դܳȥүæд֮ūһ;Ӧ
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Ҳ˵ƲԥţЩȷҲпˡ
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ׯ֮Բ⼸µˣֿ˿µĻƹһԸ⣬˵Դӻ˹֮ÿӶʱ˿ܸСϲ
ֳŲƥܴ˲⼸µȷдöԼּҵߡ
ӲׯƲʣ磬ͷһΰݷù˺ӷˣ˵ʲôã
½ƽۣӷ˱ǡ
Ʋʵ˵Ǻ˵ϲ𣬷˳Щ𾭼ɣλӷȴǸµģһ˫ŮĻ¾Ȼҳٳ֣ǰѹܼȨŸ˳ϱԼӼҪ񣬿»˴СϢǧ˼ɻźá
գЩӡ
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Ӽڣԭ
Ʋʼڷˣôˣ
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597磨1

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ںһλǰΪһĶǵúȥݸǰ
СѾ룬ū˵λӷԭ̫ͻ½ҵģֻͻǴүǶү֪ΪΣӭɹر˴үʮüǰ¶ˣҲ֪Ǽ١
ţ˼˶ﴽ㶼֪
ƲСȻūҲ˵ģ治棬ɲұ֤
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˵ĶŶƲʮͬصͷȻԲɾš
СѾһʮֳԼģ񰵰Ц
ʵ½Һռҵ£ǰĸ˵˸ţ˵̫ͻĶǶү½ۣʱΪ˳óģϾ½۵ֻ̫͹½۶Գ飬û뵽½ۻӭð·ʵûޣֻĬɹǴү½ƽۡ
̫֮Իֹ½Ϊ빬֮ǰϺү֮һβΪ֪Ĺʹɰޡ
֮ܶϴĶԹ´˵ı磬̶Ӱһ߳¡
У˱Ӱĵ˽ɫ

ŷֱʱĻû涺Ͷֱӻظ
߽پӣȥῴⱦ
ҹǮֵֵ統ֵԾ
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᷿毡
֮ǰȴ˸֪ȥׯˣֻС档
Ϳ£ⱦѾðϴʵССĵϣ毽ĲӵԶҪСֶ֣˱ôҲţؿ㣬޶ԣⱦӳҭ£毻ǲΪֻٴСȥ
С޺ߺ˺ðβǿȥһͿʼҲҪˣ˱ָԼԼ档
һ粻֪ЦٴΣҲְСһ࣬˷ȥģȻ˯ˡ
ʱںﱧԹǰ˵´ǻȥҲСȶî˾Ŭҿⱦһ㶼ûŬ˼ˣòװѽκãӲģֵòˡ
ӦĹﻹûأﵣĵ̫ˣ·ֽųһҪѧᷭѵġ
һ̾Ը˰ɡ
ȥѾͷҵҹŮ˵ϸ㡣
ûϵͻȻ֮æ߹ס첲ֻҪ˵ⱦ֪
꣬޺£Ը˲裬ʣ˵ȥׯˣΣ
»ûʲô̫ĲѾˣֻܿܲеͷ
ͷһ꿪ӣȱ飬һ㣬ȥɱ󲢲̫࣬ԣѾ˸õĿʼ
û̸ϵ£Ӥ˯ⱦһ
˻Ͽɻп֣
ʵĹԴܹԣԱ֮˻ˣ˯ȥûá
ͷ毣
毻ΪҪԼڱ˵ⱦ¶ЩС
״ʧЦֲˣôʲô
գŲԱ£ֺãҾ֪ˣܸһʶ
ִͷа㣬߼꣬Եûѧᣬѧǻˡ
Цš
ȻɫӾ磬ʱҲϯҴٴˣ벻ȥ
ôҲھǴôã֪ϯԼֻкôȻѾףȥ档
䣬毾һͷ˵ȥ
˻üɵֻһˣ֪˻᲻᲻ˣ
Ϊβˣһڣûбֳŭ⣬ȴ˲٣ҪܴӺĹݸٳʱҲһȥ
ȻǲܸٵģϾҪĩˣѧæ飬ʱһپ͵һأҪǸģͲΪһʱ̰ܳ
뵽⣬ĬĬ̾ԸԼǸ;֪õٵġ
֮зԸȥ̽ǵϢõĽԴǰȥݣǾͲ̫ˣԭ½ڲϢúܽû͸¶ʲô
һ磬Ρȥ
ΡʣǹٳΪӷ񣿡
һδ
ҹϸ룬Լ֮ΪذעӷϣΪ˺ܾãǱʶǵġ
Ȼᣬﻹ
Ȼˣý߸һ𾭣ӷˣʲôû׼

Ӽ໹ûż٣Ԫȥˣ毺ͽ
ԴӱѧÿɣΨһȤÿŸѧһ棬ˡ
˵֪Ҫȥ˶ֵĳϣСһԵʮ˷ܡ
һ类źŻѾʵʲôʱ
ΡհԼʦ׼װã毴˱ˣֱ

½˹Ժ½ұܿձȨϺүֳε£սû䡣
½ȻûκαȨû֮ͻȻ⹫ɼڵеķᣬ˹ٳ˺ܶࡣ
ǲ£ճ͵½̱Сϡ
СǹǱߵˣ֪μ븮֮ӣԼ˴Ժ
̫̫ϲǲȥţȥӷǵԺ
ԺѾ˲ٹˣСϴ˽ȥʱλǳͶĿ⣬һĨЦȻηôǲϸЩΪǵûˡ

598ͷϷ2

ǻ䣬˸ͣ˵ηģ뵱ĳȷмơ
Ļ֮ǰûٴ˿˵úǰƽ
ֻЦûλ״ɩô˵Щǵؿ
һ˵Ĵû¶̫һĨǳ˵Цݣ֮ǰȥĸϸ磬Ҳ˵ҳǰ˵ӷӼǰйأһӷǰɼ油ϵ֮Ǣۡ°ǧǧФƳʵĪҡ
ȹάӷˣ̧ǰԼǫ̬ȡ
⻰˵ģһëûС
Ȼûëֻ˵Ŀ˵ǣǵļȲʣĨЦڽӲһ˲֮ܿ͵ȥ
СǸԹɫģĸɫԾæЦ
վû̫̫ϲ𣬽ͷһŰݷãҸ׼һݱ񣬲֪ܷȥ̫̫
ĸ˵СϾЦδ̫үͽܣ̫̫δ˵ʦĸȻҲǷʦĸȥ̫̫쾭壬롣
һ仰̫̫׼͵ΣͬʱҲڱǣμ½ҵĹϵͬһ㣬˽ʲôԹҲðᵽ

ֹڳ˶סˡ
Ρ½̫үͽܣʲôʱ¶
ȻСϲûеڽ͵Ĵ㣬ֱ˶ţ毺ͽںš
СϸչŲþʹĸϽӹ½ҵѾָƣլ徲ֻһһ檣Ϊһ˫Ůȴƫƫ۳λϥڶŮ϶֡
ڴ˼ʵټܶΪߣΪ˲ȥӰ;ܻᳶ߲ţϲֱ޵ӣ½ȻҲһԳ˸½ƽۻʱ򣬸øϵһ١
ֻϵС뵽Լ
븮֮ǰ½̱ѾСϡΪ檡
½̱ϲϲҲܰ檷ΪޣòճǵİţýƸȢСϡ
֮½̱С޵ʱָʱСԺ
ڵѾǣСϵĶƤȴ޶
СϾã½ҵ˴ŶŴĳޣÿίѹʱͶȥĸԺתת
Сĸǲҵģ˲Ҳˣһ˫ŮҸ򣬰檵ĸТĸȴάŴϵ𾴡
Ů˻أֱ
ÿŹñԼңСϵͻϺܶࡣ
ö֮ͬ
½ңܷάǵģҲֻСһˡ
Ϊϣ·𿴵˺ܶԼ
뵽⣬С̾Ǹؿ񣬡ηˣŰЦǰЩȥ
毸󰵰ۣɿģӷ˵ʱϵЦʮֹ죬ڿЦǸʲô޳
ΪˣȻڱ˸ϴ֡
οҲӡ
𴽽ЦЦصҲ˳쿪˾Цӷ˲Ҫһʶ
Сæ˵ᣬĸơ
˵䣬һĵԺǰ
Сͣ½ŲſڵĴѾ߽ȥͨ
ʱѾ̣߳ηˣ̫̫롣
ףǰ뵽ʲôͷ毣ҪȴŽȥ棬һҼ̫̫ٳǡ
毵ͷŽԶ
̫̫Ժã̫̫ļλѣ˵ηˣˢˢתͷĿ׷ϡ
׵̫̫һʱ˶סˣζӳ¡
Сϳ̫̫Ǹ˻
̫̫ηصݷġ
ϥ񣬺̫̫֮Լķ𾭷ϡ
СϽ̫̫ʱԷ˫Щǲ⣬̫̫ǲĲ
̫̫ͷסû˺ܾòŰỨӸƻȥǳһĨЦη幦澫£ˡ
ף̫̫ϲͺá
𾭣ȷʵǻ˼ģѪԵϵĸǰδı棬ҲڳμʱԷʾһ־⡣
֮㱻Բ衣
ڵλϷҲǾķ˶࣬⼸λľԺǼλҪȵöࡣ
ȻҶ񳤵Щǰƽȴû˭ǫ̃˵ĵĻҲⷽ濿
⼸λ죬񷴶ɶˡ
׵̫̫ƺԴ֮һֱЩڼʲô
ҲѲ³
ԼһϱȻǹ̫̫ԶӶϱĻ䡣
һ裬˵׼ϯˣ̫̫ͼλƲ
̫̫ʾԼǼλߣصذںͷ
Զ̫̫Ŵλǣģ۵һɴȺͣǲµʲôȴֻ˵˫ɣǷҺϲ
Ҳܣ̫̫ǣųϯ÷ߡ
ʱļСŮ½ϯż˵ЦһַǷ˸оĺơ
һֱ̫̫ǣţ֣ΪԲ̫̫
̫̫ȻǻϲģЦݶ˼֡
Ҫõʱ򣬲ԶͻȻһӴĸˣֱӹȥ̧ͷͿޣһ˫۾׵˭ˣˣŹ˰ɡ
̫̫üͷһ壬ŭûĻ˶ˣȥ򣡡
ȻյͷϷˡ
Ѹ˸ȥֱֹ̧Ŀ˭
Ԫ˾ˣСɡ˵ţ޵øˡ

599¶1

λãһСʯϣͷ͵ã˵Ŀֹ󣬲ͰŮ
½̫̫ɫЩɿӣ븾˵ʶֱֲӿ˴˸ˣֻһԸɿš
ڵϵĸ涣ûоΧкܶڿԼֻһιȹڣһĨӿӣ̰ģ֪ߵغشԶвδ˸Ǯڱ˲ΣˣǷ֪ˣдŹɣôôҲǽ׾˾˵ķϡ
˸˵꣬͸оĿԼ
˶ͬߵģһռ߽ɫһΪشһƣ¹мж飬񲻹ݹϵʹ˼ӵ׾˾ˣǾĲԡ
ѹǰСֻΡǰ¶¶棬һǮûҪͲӰԭǵ
ΪԷľֻʱ乻ãм仹źܶ಻Ϊ֪ϸڣԶ£û̫ϸԤУֻٳǰЩƣ½ҿܻвõ·
ǲõ±һ׮ˡ
ô˵ָָûпڱ⣬ֻʸˣģ
ԣ϶ʱ¶֮ɫģˣҲˣ·
Թ۵һλ˿ȥԵηˣôһֱ߿ԣͶԣٸֵ˵ĵزô˵δҲǻϸǰĵ󳼣ôҲ̫̫μҵ̫ûĸˡ
䣬û˵ڣڳĶɵӣȻס
ֻǰţƤ̧һ£ĿԾɿڵϵĴֲ¸ˣ˵ԪĸΪβȥθң֪ʲôط𣿡
ɫ΢
ķӦӲ㻹˵Ұ˴ˣΪҪܵиɰɣ
ڳҲȫǿϷģһֱǣһ˵͵Ӧæǣη˿ȦĺƢԣôԵ޹ָȥˣοݣмܵиԭҪ˵ףǾ̰
죬ɫǾᣬƺл˵ֲ˵
СյϢϹͼôһĻɫÿܿСܵ˸ǰʣ̫̫ûܵţ
صôģ
ΪǸĸûĵӣŪ˰ԭˣȻǲɵˣûǰôģ
Сϴϻ
ô࣬ΪάصذǰŶ˰ţ˵вݵ˻Ŷԣȴƫƫô
뵽⸾һʺ˽ôһ磬Сŭѣ̧ӣȰ뵽ԺȲ裬ʲô£ɢϯ˵
ʱѻ˵ꡣ
С㶣˵ʲô
Բ¸˵ֳô˸֤ʲôԩ㾡˵Ҿܲˡ
ԣ£ſǻˣôҵڱ¶

ֿνˮ͹һðŮۿ
Ȧ˭֪ΡϼǻͳɵĻ飬ǵ͵ƶޣΡнʿ˳ԺǨľǡ
ȻȥĹ飬ںܶУǸСá
˵µطˣ˭ȥ黳ʲô
һõĳٲҲĶȥ
ɵǾˡ
Ͼǰ񳤵ǰ¶ǹǿеۻ⣬񳶳˳ǰ롣
ٿһĿȻζ
½̫̫ζɲز˲
½ƽ֮Ⱦº½̫̫֪ģֻ뷨ֲʱ̫һּܲͰǸ˹½ѹûзȨ
̫ͲƽȥׯΪŮ˵½̫̫Ͳµ˼֣Ѿͷǻˣ̫Ϊߣò
µΪֹ󵽵׷ʲô½̫̫ö֪½۷ڴǰйһӵ£Щһֱ½̫̫Ŀڵһ̣뿪ʣϱǹ֮𣬲˵Ļ˭Ҳʲʰɣǵš
һֱ̫̫
ǰԼԺһۼʱ½̫̫Ʋסؾ˭ɰڳְԼǳμ棬󲻵òס
²¸ͻȻ̫̫Ҳ׵سĳ롣
ʵϣЩεġ
û˵
ܹڵϵĸ˵ǲԪľĸ󲼾ĿĶŽǰ¶˽Ůݡ
˵ʵڵģԴ֪ۿǶξ֮ûԼˡ
ȲǼҲӳǽ˭˭˭ĺӡ
Ȼĵǳ⣬Ǹʱమġ
ȻԼ⣬ûʲôҪô˸ǰ˺¶ĵ׻ֹסزһ¡
סԼһ뵽Ρ
룬๫ô
ΡòʱͻȻԼôˣٿϵĸˣ۵׻ָһƬʲô˵øдɣպ󲻶ñųʲô
˴ûϵ񲻽ţڴ֮ͥ±˵ӲƬ̣ٶȿ޳˺£ҽֻ˷һ·Ѿ֪ˣȥҪġ
ǶǵĻʵ˵ġ
ȻǰЩĿһͶעϡ
˽ָĻôûҪǰ¶ҵ𣿡

600¶2

ҡ
ķӦ̫Ԥеȫһ¸˿ʼ˸ʡ
۳Χ۵òӣСϲ޶ԣֻһСᣬλ˶ɢ˰ɣϾҪϯˡ
˽Ҫͷθڸոձôܾʹ뿪˾СϵĻǲּ˶ߣԼԾͺúվţȻӸ˿е֪񵽵Ǹʲôǰûйϵ
˲˵Լ𴽽ǣûҵĸʽ֮ǰңҵôֲڳ˭֪ұǸˣҵĲڽĳϱ¶ΪӰ첻κ˵棬Ҫ˵ΨһӰ죬ֱǻήλ˵ʳȸλˡ
СϵӢ۲ʳη⻰̫ˣܱĶˣ˭û¶ȥǱ˵ĸĸⳤ฾ŪǷ뻵η㲻ظ£˰Ťȥ٣˹ϣҲѪˣ
Сϻһ䣬ֳһƬ֮ǰָȫˡ
ʵ֮֮Сһ仰͸ˣ˭Ҫپһ˵ţǸҳҶ̰ŪǷǵĳ฾ʲôֱ
Ϊ֤ԼˣһȺ˿ʼΪ˵׷ָڵϵĸˣŰȥٴӡ
˱ƼȻ̧ͷɨһȦ۾ź޶ĺ죬ģǱϹ˵Ͳʲô¸ˣǣǡ
˵֮ǰɵˡС࣬½ңڳĿɶǴԹϵķˣηʲôزҶ˵һаڮʱɾͲǳԶٰôˡ
ͻȻЦηʲôݣƾѵ˵һ𣿡
СϿǻ˽ŵƽºӴ½ϣ˭֪ʱͦŸӣǲ¹ƽ֣˭˵
꣬½ʧ٣¹ƽѳӱˮߣûҵʬںɽϸշء
˵ôȥˣ½õֻʣһѰ׹ǣȻǰãȻּ½ϣŶ½ˣԣΪú󰸱ȥĲƽ˵гһģһˣʲôࣿ
ƽһƽף֤ʵһֱеĲ롣
̧ͷȥܸܵԼĿһһѷĵУһһ㣬һһͼ˽¶ǰȻس̤
Ҳһ̣ܵԭԼӲġ˽Ůǿˣǿɱ˵ġ
ٴһ㣬ǿһ㣬ǲǾֱܲײԾ
߻Ƣٱһ㣬ǲǻᵱŹһ٣ȻԼҲ๫
֪ڹǽ̼Ӧ
벻ԾΪŭ˶ԸöԷﵽĿġ
˼תǧأʼղΪѡ˳Ĭ
ֽסһջ£ʱͻȻ񶨣ضԴֱӳˣһЦ
΢ŴܸоԼﲢң侲ǡ
ǸʱõĻӦǳĬ
һɿѾûȥעСɣ˵עǰϡ
ѹ겻ھǣٷ˵һֱׯĻ
ָ˭˶֪
Ͼǰĳƺ϶˸ǰ֣ʹֶѾǳǻҳԱֻǸͨգ˽£˶ۣĲ˶̤ԴﵽԼĿġ
СϽüͷˣ̫̫Ǹô죿
£ǲˣһͻᱻΪɱڡ
һ½̫̫Ǹˣ
ӵĲվߵ½̫̫ǰ
˶ɢ˰ɣϯӰ쵽̫үչ̫̫ǶСϷԸ
Сϰ껹̫̫סµؿڣɢȺ
ʱ٣ɻؿΧм̫̫ˣĿڲ¸˺ϴתСϣʲôˣ̫ү㲻˴ȥϯϣʲô
СҲ֪ôֻͣǸ˸ĸ׼Ȼˣɣ쿪ϯˡ
Сϲ˵Աߵĸˣ֮ЦһҸղżη˻ֻۻΪûλɵãֱӳͷ̰ˣ˻ʲô˴Ļǻ½ңﳯ͢ȥ٣
½̫̫ɫһ䣬ֹȻѾǸ鼱֮´µ̡ӷˡûѣΪ˾ȳҼ๫һصشݴ֤֤˵Ķʵްԡ
ۣ֤ˣ
ǣλ˸һ֤׵Ļᡣ
֤ǴԶĵطɼֳı˶á
ͷһʶԼҪҪ֮˲ϧ¾Ϊ˵ôһ죬ǰ¶ѡ
ǵ仰άʵȴ˷ãƵȻĵز
Сϲʲôɵӣ򴽣Ŀ⸴ӵؿԼһۡ
ǼվŲŲ񣬡ԣǳηģôã
˵꣬վֹ¹غǰͬСɣȻ˵֤ˣǾԭί˵η˺ǰȷ£֤˵
һվи̬֮ͣңֱӱڻϿֻܱ֮֮
ǵ˵ɵ˱Ͼǰηˣη˲½ˣǰҲѾ壬㲻½ˣȻǰڣôãǵηԼ˵㡣
񼸺ûгɣͷˣǾͰ֤ɣҲ֪Լи˲õ

601ƣ1

µ챾ЩձƱһ˫˼ɴƵ͸
½̫̫ѾСϲŽá
ҷǸȥվ
ӵζȣ˶ʳ
֮ǰһֱ񲻷ŵĸ磬̫̫ߵȥ֤û
̫̫ҲԶĬضš
գһϷ
վ̫̫Աߣźһֱ˵
С߹ߵ˵Ͷȥµ׻½Ѳ˸ϵηģ½ҲӲģʱԻһ
Сϲ죬˽ԷǸˣǹƾ⼸仰øС
˵ͷû¡
ڴʱͻȻһ۵ͯס
ӦͼȺ˽
Сһﲻܲˣֱ˽毸ںܵ
ָӲ˲С֮ǰȥˣ
תת˵ȥ˺ĵط
ʧЦٸȥòã״ǡ
ҪСһһҡͷƤףˡ
һ˵һſˮϵĳʳ
СϵӦкˣǻҪһŻλϯɣǸ̫үٳô˵ҪԵģ̴ܲܽҿŶŶӹ飬ǿ½ҴͲˡ
Ӳձƣϯ˷׷ӡ
ô죬ϵĲˣԵζͬ
ҲСϰҷֱ毺ͽ
ûʲôθڣֻ˸вˡ
ڣ̧ͷ񣬼ЩĲɣ˲ע⣬ߵףеڣµġ
Ȼӡ
¶˸ЦѾߵˣ˵۸ס
Ųϡ
¿гʳæͣţСһﲻҵģѾӾͳԺܡ
̾˿ֵʵҾ˵Ҳͦõģ֪û׼취
Ժֽ֪ΣϣȻʱû뵽ʲôõĶԲߣԸľ๫ĵ
˼֮ʣǰȥ֤˵ӻˡ
βĳϣкüص¸ˡ
һ۾ϳһλǵ걻ԪιѸԱԴϣ޵ʱ¼СԺΪͷλ̵Ĵϱµˣһλʮ£ǵϵú󰸶һμҰʱڷϱӱЩѪλμӣһλԼĪʮ꣬úܣǵļ
һƣ֪Էб
ͬʱЩŪһãĻ֮ûٻ˼
毼˲඼ףʱ޴ؿ񣬡ô죿
û˵ߣأ˭Ҳ۸ס
Ȼ壬ʵǳϣ½̫ү磬ȴڱ˾֣ǰͰ⵵˴ݽھǣȵľôһ졣
Ҳ˵μӽյʵһͷȦס
ʲô˼
·ѡ
ϼѾվ
ҵ˳һǰǸ޿ΨΨŵŵӣǲмơ
߾λ½̫̫˿ڲ裬Цһ㵹׼ͦȫ
⻰ڷб
ˣ˭ó˾ֵ񣬿ǹĵĲ֮ˣʵݡ
һŰϣ޲д˺档
Ϸ޷Ƕһ㲻ʹ죬Ҿ;ʹˡ
ɫࡣ
񰵰˳䣬ʾ԰꣬ϣ˵˵ɣԼ֪Щʲô
Ȼ޲ķӦȻһϾ⣬˻˵
ǸˣȥĵطҲƽسǣĴ棬ʱ˶ƺЩ֪롣
Ȱţ֪ʲô˵ʲôôأ˭Ҳôš
Ŷصʮǰ϶ǸɣΪƣִ߽С˵ɫسϸ²Żһˡ
ҼǵһȥʱرãĸµӣʱϻǼҴȥسǵʱûмӣسôȻûȰģ϶ˣӾȥس
ûã϶Ȼسǻˣզû֪˸С½ϣǸʱ½ѾԻ˶Դ۷׷ף϶½϶ĺ֡
δ´ȥû϶ûдٴ죬˹ұڣԼҹ˶ٺóԵľǲ½ϵĹ񡣡
˵İˣû½϶ȥҸмʮ꣬Щ飬һأ㲻һ۾ܿʱǸӷµģɰ϶ŵʱ㣬ȴֻǸţǮ˽˼ҲɣȻ˵˺ôˡ
Ͻ˹ȥĺ˭زҶ˵Ҳµˣŵηˡ
˶٣˵η꣬϶½˵ǱˮߵģʬûҵԸݿշ¹ڣʵϣˣ֤֤½ϲûбˮߣǱ˸ˡ
˵ţμӡ
μһͷ񣬶߶վƤӵûС֤½ǱһȺ彣ĻߵģʱĻ
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602裨2

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603飨1

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604֤ݣ2

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һһԴϬ⳯ΡЩ˷˷Ƶϵõ׼ȷĴ𰸡
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605ת1

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606䶨2

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Ѿͷ˵ǰ·Ҫ½ŮƱصڲС
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ἰӣ̫̫ۿ۽ǣϴδʤܴһһģ㲻Ϊ϶ҲˣȻվ¡
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½̲סüϵ£ֵһ˼ָֻţ
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½̫̫˵һһ㶵ģֹ˾ʲôղٷ

س̵ϣһֱĬΡҲû˵毺ͽ۶СƬ̣뿪ڣʵʲôʵģս˻ȥ
֮ʶȤѽԼԺȥ˵кóԵģСһϾˣ֪ڹԼҲûڵռ䡣
ƲʺȻûȥ½ңҲԸо˻֮ɫЩԾ˶һۣȻ˳ȥӰŹϡ
ֻʣΡڻƻ޺ϣΡ
ڵЩΡ
Ρָ̺ӵͬʱǸ⣬Ҳãίˡ
뵽֮ǰ½Щ˽ǧָ񣬱ǼЩᣬɤʣǵ˭ƭң
Ρʵ˻ѡ
üǷأҵдģ
ǡΡţ̫ĸϾ䣬ǰһƽǷţʱҵңһסͰóټǰõ˵ǣǰ·Ҳû˸ĳӡ
꣬ЩﾹȻ뵽ˡ
Ρͷ˵ǣɼﲻû㣬ֻʮ̫£ҲѾû취ӵֲֻܴӱĵط֡
ԼΪĸĹ⣬ǱǵΪĵ˵ĸж
жͬʱЩ꣬ǰ½ңҪһҾû취ˡ
СʱΪ˵޷ʲôҪиԤ֪ı£֪ԼѾ˼ء
ľ֣һ׶ûУյ½ҾȦףôά򶨲Ѿѵã£ƾѹͲ뵽֮ʷڳһܰ๫ǣȥ͸ӵš
֪ΡĶͷǣɤ´Ҳã󲻻ˡ
Ѿͣˣô˵־ί̲סȭʲôңʲô˵ǰҵҵļƻ㵽׻жҲ֪ģ
ûˡΡ˳סȭͷɫֿûˡ
㻹ѣСǺ죬꣬ô£
ûϵΡһ£ģĸ뿪ݵʱ޷㣬Ͱиңչ㡣
񾪴ˣչң㾹Ȼչ˳ưͣ

608٣2

˵귢һͲ˵ġ
Ρأ
֮ǰǵҲˣԺ󣬴Ӧչôûֹ
Խ룬ԽŴˡ
С޵ĿɱգٴձԹΡʱְٿĪС
ԼǲԸչǲҿ־ֻ˵δػš
Ͷϣ˺ߣȥһ˾
Ρ˯鷿
죬洫ֶǡ
Ȼǲôǹ۵ŮǴ鴫ȴҶʲô
ֵ÷зɱع˹۵Ķ䡣
鷿
޹һ˵ûɫűӱ߿Ӷȥˣ̧ۿ޹ЩΡ׿˵ģ
޹ū˵δֻתԭǰ֮ڡ
ǰĸ֣ù۵ް
޹ò¶֪볤ʶȤزٶԡ
ڳã۷Ը̫ӡ
޹ӦȥҴǰĻԼĪӵʱ䣬Ǭ⡣
ȥ֮ǰŲ˶٣һԵĴ޹ʴҺ£
޹ƤūŲ֪
֪λǰܹܴԲе£װɵ԰֣첻ٱ
Ѿ鷿ŲǬ幬źȲ裬һֻ̣ʣӶˡ
֮ʣ֪ʴٶΪ£
۳ĬƬ̣дԣ֪̫ӿ˵ˣ
Ȼ˵ˣλûηˣȻ㣬Ρ򣬶ԪԪֶ
ͻıֹϵ˺üա
˼η˾ȻǲƽĸŮȷʵ˾ò˼顣
ÿᵽã۶ⲻһп
ǰǰ¶α飬һǿբ
һǷĸ̫ࡣúֵ̫޼ıٹҲΪ
ָоǰʱ򲻾ã̫ӿʼ֮ԽԽᡰɼĸжΡ
ܶ£ΪǶԵģ͸ôֻҪٹ󣬾͵¿ãò
ΨһܾĸĻᣬǴ¡
ٴξᡣ
⸴ؾڽǵְʱ̫Ӵͷԡ
ҪͻƣȻô̫֡
ֵ˼
㻹ǾòףšüдµͲУ
Ϊ˹ĸһҴ£ȷʵҹ̬ͬӲ½巸¶֪ģʮֶЩߵ׾־ôˣԹ߼ָʵǻʱһҵŲҰʱճ
۶ͷ˼޻ð䲼һگѸ´ӽȡµĹأ
ȷʵ˼
£ͬ졣
ϲ죬̫ƽʢ֮磬ʵϸȥЩųﷸ԰ɵĿֻź˺λԶԶġ
½ģһŻ˭ܱ֤Щ׾첻޶ֿӺĸһң
ֻС񣬿һƵҲҪĵزûʲôġ
۾뷨ƫǻȷǷһ׮ŲҰǼ⣬Ϊƴµıˡ
Ǽͬ۴¡
Ӷ˵ֲ£ô޹ȥ̫´Ρ
ΡǬ幬ɫãּվһԣ²µԸΪʲô¶˱Ť
̫Ӷ֮Ρվֱ֪ϴ΢Ϊ£
ۿΡΪ޴һƯķ̣ܵоͼʢ¸òô£

6091

۸ʳڣΡ͸оƺԼһۡ
ڴ£ʵΡ֮ǰп±ʼûôԥӦش¼µӣȻģȻ˵նϾնϡ
⻰üĿչʾ˵
ûš
ΡֻҪѸķ˻ֳȼ⣬صļѺôһǶԲַ˵ʩҲǶյһ棬֪ǴҲûõ⣬һ̶á
꣬һ㿴úӦλ֣
ڳ֪͢˽úҤοǣô׮ӣذ䷶永֮޿⡣
Ρ˵ϣۺ˺ߣ㵹ǸֱԼĸҴףͲСŮ㷭
ΡЦ
ʵνġӷͬǵΪϰյһջѣ½ǻ׹ݣǼӹҲǶƤӵ¶
ڹۿѾô꣬óԵĿܵﶼˣǸӶѣҲΪС˹ƻıֲûҪǰء
ʤ⣬ðһ˳¹龩һٶ˷ԡ
һĶӣһεĳ購ǳ˳ģ˵ʲôҪ½ؾ
Ϊôãʮֲãһ˫ġ
ʱĬõ˿ڣΪʮֺﷸȼطѺ᷸ͷţñͷǲ˸ʶƵҲذң⡣
˵˵ȥ½巸ذӶ⡣
þһ롣
֪Ȳƽĸ¹شһȷʵвֲͨĸһҪǻηҲǹĸŮֲĸ֪ˣͬмʡ
ǸŮ۾һ̾ǰĥôݴ׵ر¶ǰô˳µڣû뵽½һ͸ƽˡ
ƽôϵ񣬹֪ʵ飬Ρ˵Ǹ汾һǼٵģܱϽ׼ˡ
۷ΡʣϵǷί½дģ
Ρףױд
ʲôʱ£
̫ݺȥ꣬ĸϾ͸ˣ뾩֮ǰίŽ΢΢гһزסóȼ
ۺ˺ߣ½
໰ţǵԼĵݣǵС棬Եؿ˿ȣĿڣǿǵͦȫ
Ҫǲƽһˣƾ½˳·¶۾͸û꣡
ΡԿһۣ˶ûӻ
ʵԭ½ԭ½ˣֻҪӵģֱܲӸߵԼ˼
ʱźǰܹܴ޹𵽴ˡ
ΪĸЩӲֱ˵ȻվͲ
˿Ρ޹ʵЩһֱǰү
˵Ǵʵɵϣ۾һᣬĶ㣬
޹ֻù˵š
Ρֶһۣ˻û˵
˸ս۾Լ϶ǳԱ˳ŵģûһۣڰ֣öȥ˵Լˡ
Ρֻˡ
ﷸȼ飬ϳʱ̫һ飬˰죬Ӷͬ˴¡
½һұⷶΧ
ûȳãɢ䲼һʥּƷΪ
һʥּ˻Ҷݵ̬ȡ
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ʥּˣ֤ʵϱǳŮϻ˿
Ǹʲôţʵûٸֻ֪͵ķţϱȻǻ׹ݣſ϶Ͳ̫ͣͷϱһƵᣬ˫ϥһ¹
һæʥּݸ毣Լŷʲô
ֹס꣬ҵ֣øСϱҲˣСϱǻ׹ݣμð˰
ֿΡһۣɣ˵ǲײ˴ˣ
ΡЦЦ˵ǣǱǰɡ
Ʋ缸һЦ毶Щ̣̿ϷҲ̫ˣǱ˿ûҲûŸϱ¹ĵ
㶮ƨ˿Լ֪ǺȥǱʾҵ𾴡
ϣ˳⣬˵Ķԡ
䣬ˣɡ
ӱţ黹Ǻܼ˵ⶼ⿤ˣҵùɶ
֪ԼŶЩ̫˽⣬ĵֻǸŶѣ˿ģԼˣȻǸξΣǰôңôУӰġ
㵽ݲͬˡʵ۵ŮǶոĳ
ӵ飬͸ʳ˼ڳһӲ࣬ʮֵĲܾҪʲôС
ȥΡɰ㿴ϱǿˣǰլһɣһǸ棬ԪҲСˣٹһȢϱɴȺһˡ
Ρͷֻǵ˷Ǯһֱѹĵû˵
һʡ˵̫̫ҪΡȻû˵

610һϱýˣ2

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Ǩǻ˿٣͹ûסһ毶ռһԺӣÿԺֻһźˣԵʮֿտ
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ѾߣѾ߷һȣӣҲǷ˷źĺԺʹģиԺĹ裬չⱦ
֮⣬ǿܼͣҡܼң˷ԺСˣҶԺܳģ̧ӵģ⻹˸ҽ
ܼμظʮˣһլȷʵԵӵ
Ρ
Ρ˼ǰլӺĿյ޽
òãȻǸԪȢϱõģôУǿյԺԪԺˣأ
ΡЦŶΪ·
ֱǮɡһ󷽵̬๫ͷܣû⶯ֲ֪ǸڵүҪǨ漮ˣǼסҲԺôģҪǨߣҾͰլ˰ǽͨһмٰԺӺúװһǵģ๫Σ
Ρɵլӣɲˡ
ѽ滨ǮǱߵʳճɻĵҲ½½ˣׯͷһЩǮЩǮû⣬լӾҵ˽Ǯ๫нٺǵͣٸҲһ
ԣΡЦŽСޱ뻳°ϲ˲䣬ôоѾˡ
ΡỹãһԴ˭˵ҲģҸոֻڸԪȢϱ¡һ˵һߺߵشѳ鷿˯˭һѻˣֶƭСģ
Ρƣ˻
ߡ
⼸һ˯ûڣͻῪʼ飬ԼΡ´ͷһ顣
Խ룬ԽòԾ
һֱΪԼһμΡڴѧ棬ǺȻģΡСʱʶˣʶ׿ڴӦչư͵ڴѧмʮʱ䣬Ȼڣ
๫ûǸưֱͣΡ´ϵκϸ΢顣
ûСΡشú̹Ȼ
Ҹʮ꣬ȥˣ
һֱڣֻ㲻֪ѡ
ţⲻܣ
ʲôһֱڣֻ֪
ºӴôҪˣܿ
ΡСǺ죬Ц£ҵĵùƵʣǰǶչˡ
񣺡
ȻԶԡ
ϸ룬ô
죬ô˵ԩˣ
ԩΡᣬҲûչ١
ôңգգۣһ档
Ρ˶䵽ˣôã˵㣿
񣺡аɣ˯һ鷿

ף˿һƬϲ죬Ƶġ
ƵҪԪȫ޷Լľ˾ˣǱģҲ˱֡
ΪˣڿϿ˼Сɣλѧ٣΢Цһǧ⡣
ϻؼңԪһ߳һ̾
ԱдΣ̧ͷʣ磬ôˣ
ûʲôԪЦúǿҡҡͷ
徭գÿһѹģҲˣϣ˭̿أ
ѹһͷԪÿÿ뵽ԼҪ˾ˣ;Լˡ
д˻˵Ҫ׼·ˡ
Ԫһ㶣·ʲô·
ָָԺ򣬡үҵլӣ׼򣬸ġ
Ԫ˽˼ȥ񣬡׼Ѹլۼҵĺϲ
ͷô𣿡
ǼҿլӰ᲻̫ˣ
Ǯ⣬ϲϲ
ԪȻϲˣլ˭ϲһǾ̫Ҫٵȵȣҿ״Ԫ취̫ǶŪһ׹Ǽϣʱúϲ
㲻Ҫڸ״ԪȢ𣿡һսȫʤҪˣ㻹ʱЩ
Ԫһ£ƣ
šͷаյĻൽʮ꣬ҵĵһϱ͸ýˡ

611˻ʺ̣1

ԪӱԼľϵòᣬȫȻ˻ж¶
һ˵Ӧ漴һ˷ܣ̫ˣǰһ꿼״ԪҾǰһȥѻȡˡ
ƣʲô
˵Ȣϱôɻˣ
ԪֻЦЦûͱԼҶ֮Сܡ
Ҳû׷ı
Ԫԣ²ſʼأһһʱ׼ֻҪϲ̫ӵĿҿ϶û⡣
ͷô˵ǲܵġ

ϾҪˣǸʼæµθҲ⡣
ÿʱǱ̹ģӸѵǮ֬ͷǮ㵽ҩĲƷǮ;ɸǮм仹ĸ֧
һµظۡ
ʮʮڸǿҽΣǰ˼١
Сһû£̱޺ϲ붯ѧƲʺȥ硣
Сģ
ѵöӿڣҲֱ˵úãƲʺ綼á
˿䣬ڰ׷Ĵ۾գѽգúã׸
ŤͷҪʲô
빬ʮֲ˵ʹܴ󣬿ǵÿ빬ңҲȥ
ЦСԹϣʹصأ˵ܽģй˴ٲС
ҾҪ빬С죬СָΪĸ첲
ԹԵģ֣´лٴȥòã
˵õģƭˡ
ţƭ㡣

ǸӦ˽Ը칬˴˵ʺ빬صôϽ
¿ɰСһֻˣһѾߺѡѣȴʵʵ˲СԺ
ϴϣĸʳڷͿʼţʳ⣬ȥ
ʺһڵ̴Ƕűϡ
ԭȵĴŮ˹ùãĸӱŽġ
֮ǰѾϸĽ̹أ֮ͬһ¸ʺд
Ѿͷ񡣡ʺ䣬˸ɫ꣬æĸ˴
֮ʺϸһۡ
ֻһϼȸƹڷڷţƲΣΨһܼ˫֣޳ذ׶ϸɼƽرжá
ʺͷһμǰҲϯԿйȴͷһء
ȣʺʱλСϵһ顣
˵ʵòȷʵмƽֹ̬ȴȫͬƽƫʮ־ԣнŮӵĽԼʣѾΪĸǺˤһ¾ĸо
͵Ůں󹬣ʮоŸװģ޷Ϊ˲ûϴ
ϣȫ⣬·ˣ˲
ǳŮ˶ϰˣѵüģʺЩӦ˻ŵ϶˵ˣôЩ⣬ȷʵ㡣
ûйУЩְÿࡣ
ʺ̾źϧﲻڣǸǰ֮ˡ
ԺлġЦš
Ȼδûɣòһôܻлٻصǡ
һ򲽽ǻزҲһȥ
ʺǰԼϵĽ˫Ϸȡϡ
æл
ʢּһʼƣΪʲôһμСʱϲԼӻȡ͸Сȥ˺Ĺ֪Լ֮͸ˣǱʾ׽˼
ǻƽʱ˫ϷôصĶǲҪģǰΡ˵һܻʺʲôֻžˣϾǿݣ
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ʺ˷빬˳Ź۵⣬λͻȻðŮãʵȲջʺԲ˵Ҳûжٹͬ⣬ûϼͰעת
СһԴֻʣһСͷӼ⣬С첲Сȶް޿һ˫۾ˮ͸ЩشŴ
Žʺ뵽
֮ǰҲһ鶯ɰѧʱ˭˶뱧һȥ鷿һһؿԼһȥڣѾǵǸ˻ԼСȭͷޣæ񣬺ѵòŻһ
֪˭𣿡ʺȻһ
ŤͷʺһۣȻ˵ʺ
ԡʺҡͷٲ£˱͡
ֹϵֻܿ
ЦЦú룬׵ľĸúʲô
Сһָͷʮ˻ûҵʵĳƺֻؿףСģȵģ˺޲ܰĶ͸
ʾ׵ľĸĸ
СһӣĸǲǾѣ
µĺڹýĸ
¡ʺֻҪСһϲôô
⻰˵Ǻܿˣȴҳ飬СӲ£̫ýѧá
ôأʺΡƷأ̳ĴǸӢţСȻҲѾͷ̫ˡ
񱻿Щ˼
СʱʺЩǡ
ǰʺ˽üС׼õģÿһµòУʮϲСֿ˻
ڹĿеķ󹬸λﶼģһ˵кüλˣǰŸճţͱĹ̫أ˵롣
˷ȥ˼뿪ʱѾջһϻӵĺö
˵ǺöɹģֻԼܱת
еӵĽֵʱյĿ˵һ£½λӷȾ缲Ѿ̣׼ȥݽ

612ڲ2

½ǳֳĶС֪˶ãǱ¡
Ⱦ缲Ľڣ˷ȥɽˮĵطȷʵ˵ϡ
Ҳһ˵̫ͻ飬󲮸ɮ棬ܵÿ̫ķ϶ֱ棬ҪҲõȹ˵
۳ûǳϦˣǾȻʱ뾩Ѳ½ַʲô£
ʵϣˡ
統һ뿪½ƽһ˸ʮӣǼĸ˽סջȫˣ˵Լ˵ĶʵֻǱ˹뵽ġ
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뺣ϣ½ƽҲϻֱӰ빬ӵ·һȥ̫ࡣ
֮ǰ½ңȻ˵ôʱܿǣôǸȫˣлȥͷ
˸вŮĶҪһȺ̫棬뺣ܲס߽֮£ʼװ裬û¾˵ʱɵЦʱޡ
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̶գ뺣ΪֱؤɢǱ˱˵ĳĳϵķ˺ˡ
ֳ˵ģûԸ
죬뺣һŶڽֽǣǰŸ룬˭Ǯ;ˣ˽£λô͵飬˺ӡ
ɣ¥ȡεǡ
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飬Ǵ֮󶼲뺣ӦʹѾ߳Ⱥظ
뺣ѾΪһȫŤˣʱĻ֮ǰǣֻ޲ˮһʹһźá
Ҫߣ̧׷ȥ
ǰǾͼջѩʪĴϣһͷؤ׷һλܡ
ǹϼͲˣﲻͣŰҺóʱϹ˲ŴͬѾ뿪֡
ӵΪͲϳµûĺ䶯ǿ˻ıɢˡ
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ѾలˣѾûˡ
Ǿδָͣؿڡ
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Ǻһϣ漴߳˵˵ʲô½ʲôŵڣ˳򣿡
ȷ˼ҵ˴඼ǩģ׳ǩ˻ǲ֣ҪߣҲЩڰӹ
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Ĭ˻Ǹ⣬ĸҲϰ㣬֪ģֻǸ檣˴үֳ谮ҲȫǿһӵķϣҲ˵ˣһĿӣҪڵǰͷʱǻ֣úҪүǣδػˣû׼û׼һ˶ʧ衣
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ԽԽࡣ
ǰδ쾹ȻôСˣˣӻЦԭƽϣ
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ֱסȫ̫̫«ʲôҩ
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һ⣬һͷǱסˣضӣ˵ЩĿİͰͣ檡ʶĴүʱүӹǲĳػ赹·ߣ檶Щҽʱ·
ŶΣ̫̫
ô˵һӵң
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617ƣ3

Ϊһξ֮½ƽ۶飬˵˻ؾ׼ýƸȢŵģջؾͱȵ˰·ɣΪ˼壬òȢǡ
֮ȥݰΪִ񣬱û븮һլ档
ʵûôУҲ˵ԼԸ븮Сȴôϡ
ֱϵһ֣½ƽ۰Ѻӵ֮취븮
ڸЩλڳϵͷ΢⻹ѡ
½ƽҲƤӵ°Һҵĺӽߡ
½ҵ̫״ͣ½ƽݲϣֲ޷ֻ̧֣ܰ˾ӡ
̫̫Щ˳Ĭ
ﲻÿҲ֪̫̫⣬ͣûټ˵
Сһ꣬ͬʱΪԼ˸е
һ½ƽ۴֮ǰá
һҲԼ븮֮ǰ͸½̱ɣԼҵĵ˻ԵǸ
ͬ½ƽ۲ϣ½̱ҲԼ
ȻԼ븮⼸꾤ҵҵÿղٳ¸£Ϊûһɥĵ£ṵ̂īǮջøĸһ³
һÿ湻ʵġ̫̫ƣ£ǲǴҺ̫үһӣ
ﲻ֪ôش
鶼½ƽ۰ŵģҲ½ƽ۷ϢӵȻԽ֪Խãӣ½ƽΪˣֻҲ԰Լ޴ñ´ĸߵ

½ƽûаǴȥ𴦣ԼԺӡ
ңڣΪԼûˣͬʬ⡣
½ƽɨԺڣѾ࣬ԸʰȥݵĶ
㵵صɴۣү𣿡
½ƽտڵͶ൱˸ūȥʰ
Ǵڽϣվſڵ½ƽۣһĨɬ漴ʪۿ
һ̣ʵʵڵѹûŶүûб㣬ǾԼıֵ½ҵĸ᲻Ĺۣ
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˵仰ʱ½ƽѾԶ
ֻʣһˣӴڹ룬Եȡ
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ǼΪȾ缲ݣ߲û˸š
ǸǰĵѾߣֱӱѡС
Ϣʱ򣬶˸о춼ˡ
ΪһѾߣܹ˸ϵĽʳ˭ȥݳԿࣿ
൱޳ҲȥݣҲȥء˴ǷˣƾʲôҪǣ
ƿɬԡ
ֻǩѾߣҪûǷȫƾһ仰үȻѾ˵ȥܲȥģ
ĨᣬȥʰԼ
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ǲȻôţɥ
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㲻ǲȥȻ뷨˵ţվ۵һĨ֮ɫһûȴ뱻֪ܵĸ˴һھҸ˼Ҽأôȥ¶ϣ
Ʊ˵ЩݣʰĶ˶١
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Щ£үƾǰڲ𣿡
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ԣһۣʱϲ⣬үֻܷԸ

ҹƽĳڣп
Ե뺣ؤ֪˭Ϲ˲Ⱦʱߡ
ӿվŸɴŮӣࡣ
üǽǵ뺣۵һĨɫ䵽صŮҪǰˣ벻뱨𣿡
뺣شţɫ̫ŮӵòȴѾŮӵµ˭
뵽ղŵʻ뺣˳ǣҶˣô𣿡
䴽һҪɱˣɱ˲һҪõ
뺣û̫˼
üоȻ˼˷ܣһԶյ˾ǣ뷨˯һΣ
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ЦЦڿյ˻Ƥ˵ȾԺǿ
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618Ⱦʱߣ1

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ˣˡ࿴ܵǣʱ磬һҪء
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ΪʲôҪΪһԼȥõ֮Ů
Ϊʲô½ƽ۲Ҫһ˴֡
ЦǣΪԼġմմϲʱǸͶϤһУƤӵ˳è̫ӵϷ룬ȻϷԹʮС
ÿÿ뵽˴ǶԼ͸ˡ
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ࡰһһڶûĳʳ˻ûء
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Ƶû׼ǰ˶࣬±˷ֲٵȵȰɡ
ǰԼˡ
үɾԲʲôȵ֮һˣеֶαƷǡ
룬;ûëֱ

ҹʱ֣ջѾţ溮ŰһݿڵӳںԺ
Ӻ󴰴ææȥ
뺣ŶңڵԼò
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Ѿ˵ķﴵ̣ͷÿ뺣ŵҪ
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ҹĥ
Ȼʱ˿̣뺣ȴֻ
۵װɫŨأ뺣߹һĨЦƿ˽ȥŮ§뻳
Ⱦʱߣԭֵ绹ϣѾûȥͷ
ľôûȹȻҪǾһ
ǰģ

һֱҹ뺣ھ
ôˣŵؿ
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ǵȻ̧̧°ͣүǸˣԳС
һ˵һӻͳһƱ뺣ǰ˻ΣֻҪȷ˻ʱߣգԻ˰Ǯ͵
ˣǱ͹ˡ뺣֡
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뺣뿪ֻصǵķ䣬ȴ˭Ҳ̤Ұ벽

619У2

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һû˯ܿ򿪷ţϷ轹
ôʡ
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⻰Լ˵Ŷúһ

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ԣĶͣͣٶã
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ûֱӴӦƺڳ˼ʲô
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620ף1

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뵽ʲô۳žҪˣ׼׼ǻԸԲҲüˣҪģʱСڰúþ۾ۡ
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δϻر˱ָۣߵĹĵʣˣɣв衣
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ǿһ䣬˷ȥҰ䣬ϸС
ͷ亹䣬ٿǣģū澽ֻǻؼҿӣûмκˡ

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621Ⱦ2

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ҲûáƲĮԴСѸҹ˯үдſʼƲʾͶûκκøУҪǷûͬ⣬Ͱȥˡ
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Ǯλķڣʱ﷿ſţ¶ԷͻȻصؼӿŲȻǱץ˸š
վסſڣﱧŸޣüͷģɶСӸˣ
СӣҶӡ
һӣ
ﲻ֪ôͣΪԼ֪⺢ôμҡ
һ㵵£˷ţţԼ˳Ա
ĸ£ûСⱦ٣ֻǸ˼ҵĺӣûרŵĸҵĺӷ̺ȣӪϣԵСĸµŻûµСӴ
￴ȻԴġ
ڽ;ûͷ̣ǳһ˲ˣҳҩֻë˷󣬽һصθ
ոپӻãԽԽûܣǱ˭ʲô᲻𾢡
ʵڳŲסɴɵϣ˯˹ȥ

ͷ뿪֮ݺⱦ˯˳
ƲЦˣӦǻطˡ
һյůȵĴ¡
ǲ⣬ΪʲôҪ˰ǸӱǸϣѲû̺ȣ
Ʋ̲꣬סһۣȱҶٵʱô˵ģӲˣҪȥչˣӱˣǰҲˣﲡ˸ݵ㿴Ĳ⻹ص㣬صǣȻؼȥӣȥʱΪʲôûţǲңѹͲڣ
Ʋһʱඥһţ԰ΪʲôܰĶӱҪǲڣȥĶˣ
ȥһϴȾĸˡɫÿ
û뵽Ƕ˻ͨĸ֮ĳ
ԣƲ뾪Ⱦ
ȻܸԼͨԤ֪ģֻ˵Ρֵµ˲鵽ġ
ƲɵˣԼҲ˲
пܡ
˼Ȼ֪ô븮缱Ӷȥˣӣȥˡ
̧֣԰꣬븮ȻģҲһķԣһȥ֪ͨϵˣҪӴԶЩˣƲȥ븮ҽһԤ߲ķӼҩָǺ¡

һɫѾڣûǱҲûͳʳ
ڴͷ˻Դ齰ѵƵŽŹ߿ͨСԼصĺ
ƺܡ
ɫ΢䣬ǰֱĶͷȻˣ
һ˲䣬Թ޶پǸŮˡ
ҪϣôԶıŪθҪϣĶôܻ
ʱϵʼغ󣬱޵ģյˣ޲ֻܺߺߡ
۵ֱᣬָϱӣתϷţ׼ȥѸϵλӿ
߳һ·üˣȻǿڿʲôԶƵŪҸС
ʮƣ¸ҪģȥҸҽ
ò׵˸ҽסŵһɳĲҩζһƣԶһڴȫǲҩǹζǴ淢ġ

622ͱƣ1

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ϲſǻ
ҽ̧ۿ˹
ҿӰɣϻЩǮҿԸǮ
λרŸӿģҪǰͨͬ⣬֮ǰȥ˾ûˣٵʱ䣬Ѿܲ
ҽûйվԶǲǲ֪ԼѾȾ߲
ʲôס߲
ҽͷָָڻϰҩǿڹͷҩǷصطԸϷ򿪵ģĿΪԤ߲
̾˿ٻңڼ䵽׽ӴʲôˣΪһͱ
ҽһȾף۾ɵôģֱû˷Ӧ
Ӵ˭
ȥһŮˡ
ǸŮˣвμҡ
ʱ˵ΡĴӦϣ޶֮ĸ顣
Ǳȴʱ⣬˵ҪʲôˣַָСι̾ǣһǮ뿪θ
·ﻹһƣ鶼һˣ˻ķģȦ
ϲôһ߲ģ齹
ҽû˵д˼ͬ顣
ͿסˣǺ£æΪԼû˭˳ȥݼңҲ֪ԼΪʲôȾֲ
ҽǽӴ߲ˣԷ̫ùߣҲпܱȾġ
ԣɫһס
ˣСϿջڵǸŮˣúأԼȥ˵˺ðĻϵıӡ
һӽŵӵͷЩûվȡ
ɼӲǸȣΪι̶Ⱦ߲
ͻȻ
͵ػͷͼƲʺһһҴŵżӣӵëж˶˽Ⱦҩ֭İײסڱǣֻһ˫۾¶档
ˡ
˫ϥһ͹ȥ
ԺŴֹ˲Įûмʱ٣ûмʱⱦˣιȾ߲ı
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񱧽еů¯ԽĲ飬ֻ·ߣҪôҽǮߣҪôھ̹Ϊ˭¡
仰Ǳ̨һֱӴŶߣ˶ĸ߲ĥ¡
̹׳û׼еΡ
ҧŴū澣ū澲˵
˵ͻû
ǰǸŮ˵ľ棬һ䶼û
ƲһʱŭҾ˵⣬ҹүдҲͰˣÿү߿飬һɽһԭǱˣʵ㵽˭ϸ
Ծɱͣɪɪ
϶ԸƲʣµǮߡ
ˣҡȻ̧ͷҲŶ
Ʋһ֪ߵغ
ŮֱⷽͱȽûгԼθĿʲôƲʵһʱ뵽Ҳ
ţ;һġ
үҪ檣ɵҲŮӣٲãҲ÷ߵѾ߿ʲôʱֵһСѸФˣ
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ڵϣūˣȾĸ£Ǹʲôĺӡ
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ﱾͲҰ׵ϸһ֮ɫӿߵĿ˿Ц
һֱΪԼαװúܳɹⲻ֪ԭһеһжڷ˵ƿ֮УѹÿԼͿӽΡʱܲ粻س֣ɫĺ¡
뵽Щǻں޵ģҲġ
ȻѾչزûк·ߣֻܼ󣬡ǧū澵Ĵγͷū澶ûԹԣǣ޹ʲô֪
ֵǮҪûá̾ʵ˭μңʲô˵ˣԻһ·ȻҲ˰ҽκã˵ôĸֻȥȪ·žˡ
뵽ԼһϢĶӣվǵͷȥ˵ȫ˵
Ʋɫӵؿ񣬡ˣŹ
ûǻֻǷԸ磬סĿڱǣ˴ȥپӡ
һӺ
پǰ
£ؿԺŮˡ
ʱߣÿ̫˹ЩԶ
˵ɡƶСϵĲ豭ǳһڡ
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θĿأƲšü
ҡҧҧūԸǱүġ
⻰һڣپ˶̲סЦ
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ô֤ˣ㲻ôܰһ
УСɱܵʱ򣬾Ƕܰ˸ˣʱΡ˵һʮصԷʵ
µĲǣһˣֻʱ˭

623ô檣2

ƲգɫѿˣǴ˰죬ʲôҲûʳ
ѾشˡĻ֮ǣӷˣҲǣҵĴĸ
Ʋ㶣
ϴκ÷˵ڳܣòױ½ҷȥ䵽˻ģ뺦ˣ
ĬƬ̣ٶȿνʲô
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Ʋʰһۣܴ°вμңͲϸ룬ΪʲôͻȻȡƻ㳷ˣȾ⸮ϵˣɱΡ
ū澣ūĲ֪
޵ˣū֪ĵȫ˵ˣǲǡ
Ǳߣһøҽȥ㡭ͣһ£͹ү
ԣæĨߵͷлл˾֮
ʵ䣬ûþ˰ѵŲȥ

ϾǼ䣬̫ڳﱸ¶Ρÿ춼ŻŸ֦÷Ƶڴϳǰװ緹ʳС
źڴӣֱپӣտԺžͼ˹⡣
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Ρһ£ҲûֹֻЦʣʲô»
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ˣȻ뿴ﲻ濴ѽ
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˭˵뿴ˣҲÿ
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Ρְ̻ػûԼ˵ѺÿռλүϸŸʹߣ㲻Ҳ˸ƿˣ
ǲһ˵ţȥ룬檱쾭壬з֮Ȼٶж˼ȴܡ檵ġ
ֻҪ˿У˵ֻǸСѸз֮˸Ҳ׳ֱ
Խ룬ԽƵûţûȥΡķӦ¶һӦı
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ֻҪһ뵽ԼҪŮһ飬ǶԼ˵ЩҲȥŮ˵˵ܣб
¶ϣΡٶЩɶ񣬼һ۾ͿС޵˼°͸˲䣬ĪԼĸʲôݣ
ȻûĸǳˣⱲҲֻһŮˣ檣ԼϾǹ
ͷΡִȢʱʲôᣬ˵д֣ʲôôͷʼ̵̣ڻǵÿղģɼȢһ͹һӵˣķţ
װûҲѾ׼һԺĴլˣɽȻеǵطš
ΡЦôȲ檣

624ҷ𣿣1

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һֱ˶Լĳ谮ռ߻ӦбŮ˶ѡ
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ѲȾˣ
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Ρ˵ʣ๫ûʲô֣
Ρҡͷ볯̶̼ƷƾѾ˺ܶˣԸҵ˲֪һʱû취ȷ˭
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625һ2

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ճûã幼˾ԸоǲԶĵط˱İ
˼Դʣµȥǻˡ

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Ҳ֪幱ȭ»ᾡõȥ顣
ΡĬ˻˵ҪĻزһҡ
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Ρһ˵ҲʱӦ
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ϣѾ߽⣬㻹ʣֻС飬Ҳ˶ˣʵϣǼһи̨ڸ׸
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뱨ɥ֮׸ôĺܶƺܽͨˡ
˵Ρ̫˳󹦳׸Ϊӵľ游Ҫֶӣ͵ǰΪɨϰôһΡɾͳ׸жд̣졣

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ԣŵһ˹ȥ
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627֪ڸģ2

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629ȷ̫ѡ2

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630㾴о˾ˣ1

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631үˣ2

ԪһᣬЩֱԱߵĻ
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632˭Ҫټˣ1

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633δйѡ㷽ʽ2

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634һ1

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ίˡ幫ֻǰο
ұǸū澣ùﲻʹ죬ҰܻҲӦãµģܻͣʱ򣬶࣬װȥ±ˡ

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˼ˣæֹסԼ룬鲻Խݽȥ಻ԼݣõԽԽࡣ
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ԣֻһû˵Ļ
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⻰ֻõû˾ͻɵĲν
׼Ҳûϵ̱ܿɫ΢΢Щס
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￴֪ĵıӰԭ뿪˵ʲô꾯ǲôϽȥҩ򣬻
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ѾŲ¹Ů
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ûʲô֪ӣ˵źҾֻܳˡ
ŭ⣬ûõķ
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646ݣ1

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ǰԪùʱ֪ĸźǸʱСѾͷͦϲȴǲ֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼ͹͵һȥˡ
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֪ĺһͨøӿˣһһӲš
ǴȥĨᳯԺܡ
հϴĳ³㻻׼ȥˮϴɾžͼ֪Ŀܻæס֪ģôˣ
֪ͣ½ŲȦһۣʲôҲû˵ű㼱Ҵҵػ˷šءһϣǶģֱѷ嶬һ
̽ԴľվԺ˯ۣôˣ
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Ĵ֪Ŀ϶ܲס
˱ˡʱȥ֪ĵôȰģԼǺõģڱҲ˼ʡ
ԣֻܵʲô֪ʲôȥʡ
ͦϧͽڶԺӣϣΪ޵·Ŀɳ
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˵ţһѱסͷޣʱ˵ģ󲻹˭ȵó裬뷨մ⣬ҲԴף㿴ʲô˵úúõģԼҪװ²£ǧҪţ˵Ⱦ˷纮ǰˣأϵǣԼȥ˵µĴҪǽһҸŹùýȥ֪ҹ˳ʲô˼Ǹ²ɣ
ԥ᲻ʲôǲ֪飿
װȥʵʲô飿ӣȥ׼͵͵ΪҹڶԺġ
֪Խ˵Խģֲһ˵ģôô˽񺦵ұùҲοοңҺˣ
֪ôȰʵ˭ȸɣǶûʲô𣬷ĸ˵УҪͷ
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֪Сһף漴ŭ˵˵ʲô
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֪Ĵ򿪣ǸС̫࣬㶣Һ£
С̫ѹù˵Ҫ¼㡣
⻰
һοдıȽϸΪˮҪɣìһܳױ˺üвСɰΪ޶ҪģΪ˲͸Ҿô˵ɣﲻʲôҪɫڵ壬ֻǳΪ̫˼Ĺ۵һ壬дһĿģΪ̫£ȥ

647ı2

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С̫ù˵ˣҪǲȥڡ
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ѹ۷ó񲼰ߣطû˿Ĳ³ȻڴϿʼĥҪôƭȥ췼

ͬһʱ䣬Ԫ빬ƣһ·ϳͨ裬ֱ
һƫͷȥ
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Ͷˣ˵Щʲôۡ
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ϣҸ˵ĻסȻǲסҲǰ׷Ѵࡣ
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Ԫס£֪϶ǳͲԭһ𣿡
ԣסΣȴûתæûո˷ʱ䡣
ˡ
Ԫ̾˿̧߳š
δԪԶ˶ȥǬ幬ۣξ콫ĻĻںϡ

ҹɹ޵¶һһʮ˵˳
ʺһĿϲԵ棿
ǧȷ¶ūҲѽ
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ݺл
ʺϵЦضزסԭΪʲôõӣû뵽ͷҲãֻ꣬ﲻฺ̫
ҲЦţϲˡ

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һ̫ӵ÷Ǯ
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ԺϢʱֱŭˤһ豭
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С̫Ժʱ򣬼λﶼѾϢ
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֪ģ֪ԼϾҪԺ˶ˡ
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š֪ĵͷһ˵ʲôʲôɡ
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ʵƣǰԼδ˵֪и÷ı磬˵лԼģͻȻðһϵ빬Ҫ֪ġ
֪ԼǲӦ֪ĶԹԼ
С·Щټ϶±˷֣ų̿죬ûþ͵췼⡣
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649֮2

ʱ򣬷Լ˫ֱϣŲš
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ǱˣЩۡ
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ƶûô·ĺΪʲôҪ
ūŻᾡġ
ǣָϵǳͨ˺ƲţȻһ϶ū֪ôˡ

һ磬Ԫ緹ʳֱĲ鰸ȣüͷ壬ôȥ̫ˣҸһ顣
ͬ´͸Σүժȥ;ԶЩûȾһȡ
ԪЦ챧ʱȾѪѵȣ
һҭ
Ԫתŵ¸һ໹һҲιּ˵ķȺ˽졣
꣬ʶʲôæȻˣ⣬ǸֱֿɰС̫࣬Ⱥں֮ڲһ
ЩЦá

󣬿ɵĿǰΪֹȻҲκζ֤ݡ
̫Ҫǻʺˣû֤ݲʣҲͬĹǡ
ԪͲһˣƽʱǸƤˣԼµ֣ڳ˼ģȥԺ
ŸĹ̫ŶվţҪ㱨飬ȻȡƵȡƣӵӡ
ԪͻȻһ
üүôˣ
ҹӡԪԱһһֱ̣üġ
ǹ겻òӲŸĿڣӽôСԺйˣ
ģ¡Ԫһ˵һ淭ϵ˱
æȥɿÿѽ徭
ҿùö̲̽ͶˣԪְ˲ⷭ˷Щ¼Ԫƽʱܴ˯֣һͼĿ˾ÿζ
ʵڲСͻȻõĿģԸɣһԱǻĹӣҪߣԼˣ
ţԪʹԱߴôվͷأùôͣˣ䣬Ǽ绨Ľ㣬ɾͲÿˡ
ǳ˳飬ֻʱԪĴڣ˼ػ
һǻ˵Ͽˣ԰ЩӦĻҪ֧ȡһӡ
ԪֻðùԺҲּꡣ
˵ԺѾлˣҪ
ֲֻݰԪЦǺǵؿùþãΣ
һڡ
Ԫ·ûķӦ˵㻹СʱûͷһɣǾ͸һﳤ˼ʮѽƵģǽһ׳ۡŶˣݻβʲôӲðնطƣκãùÿΪææ£һĲ͸ҪˣǸ˭ֻʱ򣬼ǵùԺֽݣʮģԹùкô
Ҳû˭ˡ
Ĺ̫ЦЦһɫǺ졣
һֲ͡ڣ챻˸Ŷ˺ҪǶ˸λõ˾Լأʧ˷ִ磬Ҳӡ
꽩Ӳس˳ǣҲŶʮ࣬һӿɱǺȶ˾ƣ˵˰ɣ
ʮ٣Ԫһùÿɵ˵ʮһҲǶ࣬߰ҲǶ࣬һͶ߰꣬Ǿȫ¶ˡ
걾ἰ䣬뾹ȻԪһƤӶڲ֪Ҳףʹǲòġ
ﲻԪ˲ᣬĸ첲˼Сǹùã㣬ǲð̣㲻ң۸С
꣺
ùáԪһ˫۾գգ
ǸóװȺŪŮ˵ˣ궼Щмܲס˦֣ˣô˵أҪٺ֣ҿɸߵˣȥ
Ԫ죬ֲͷһαȥ伸ξϰˡ
ؿ
ԪֱǷùãˣȥ㷿˯
֣üôܽҵĹ뷿
Ԫ˺ߣҼιùòʮ꣬ǰȥǼңȥ˯ôͲɣѵ㷿ʲô˵ܣ
Ҫˣ˺ˣԿ׸㣬ȥȥȥ¡
õԿףԪЦллùá
Ȼһ·̤̤ȥ˹ķ䡣
˵ȻȶԺǼλ곤˰˾꣬ĲȴСƵģĶǷ۷۵ġ
㼸ϣŸ¯㣬ζʮŨԪЩѬܣӣŹ껹û·һͨ䶼˸׳죬ûҵһ˿
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Ϊһۼû£
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Ʋû·ĺһһȣֻҪϵһ¶
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ǻʺߵˣǶԺܹܣȥ·ôֻǺԼ
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뵽⣬ԪִۣڷżǶǽڿһ˲丣飬뵽ĳֿܣҴҳ˷ţͼѾԪæŲ΢ЦſˣùôͰǶˣ
˻б˲ڷҹã㷽ŲҪ˯ô˯ˣ
Ԫίù÷ζùְҲϰߡ
˵ѹֵ²źǲϲѬģʹѬ㣬ϲд̱ǵζԵ²Żȥź򡣡
Ԫ˵ſ꣬ùøò֪ɣ
Ӧ磬֪Ȼ֪ɵֲҪҽźҷЩʲô⣿
㣬ΪҪڸԼŵǹζ
ԪܾﲻԾϲ㣬бҪŪӶ
üͷԼҪǺڽ˶ǰ£Ҫôܳɹ괫š
ɸ룿Բʵ⹬ﵽߣɸ׾ͱ˽ߡ
ȻǷɸ룬Ѳɷǽ
Ԫ۹ǽĸ߶ȣֺܿ뷨
ȻǷɸ룬ҲǷǽǾֻǴǽˡ
ǽ
뵽⣬ԪĿ⿴ǽڸסǽǡ
ù˲Ǵɫһ䣬漴ȶװҷͷ㻹ߣ
Ԫźۼߣùã麦֣鵽ʲôˣ
һ죬Ҿͨı£ҲֱӾͰ־ܵٿ޼ղС˵ţһۣҿǳҰ¶ģ˵Ҳأͷϵ鶼û꣬ô飿
ԪζЦЦûǻ

صԪԼԺĺͲĸҵƲûôԺһиǽܴǵطϰڿ֮ջ٣䣬粻ζԹѬɢŵĽζ
ô˵ͨŵ˱Ǻʡ
Ժܴ󡣡ԪףŵһǺֻҪץסˣȻнŽع͵ͬס֤ݣ﷭а
ǵȲأʣô֪ʲôʱᴫţ
Ԫҭһ£ֻҪӻûܻ࣬ϵһ죬ܵȵɣ
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꣬Ĵָȴûյɣһֱ˾Ӳŵĸо
£㲻ҪɣԪӣš
ɵرܿҡͷ£ȥɣЪ
Ԫ򴽣ƺ쵽ڣľ񶼲̫ԡ
ǲԼ˵Щ˵
£ҡ
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Խ䡣
Ԫһǰ۶ܸܵһĬͷһݵĶ
ڣǷĬһͷȥ
ˣľɥ
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ֵиӰóġ˵ּ
̶ʱʱ䣬ġ裬дţ͵Ԫ
ѾˣԪдʲô
幫ƫţԪ˰죬ڣȥԺŵĹǽ⣬Ȼҵһصǽɵؽŷѹשͷ¡
ӦһֱڵȺţԪŸնûãͼҴǽߣûˣϽŲڻҴһ˷һ澹Ȼдһȥ˾·
꿴ֱüһʼΪ˶ĿŻܴŵķʽϵôͻȻȥ·Ѳɣǳʲô⣿
һţһԼ׸òȥ
ǸѬĵˣӦҲΪŵ˵³֮󣬻취Ūᵽ
Ҳ˵һַ磬в棬Ǹǻ᲻һнġ
뵽⣬󱳳һ亹

գ갲źö£˲ȥ˾·žͼԪһԺȲ裬ӰûС
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Ԫԣ̴ǣôҺ⣿
ɨһۣûЩżȴֲұ¶ֻ˳ǣ˵ˣصģ֮ǰ˵һ鰸Ǿ߰ɣ
Ԫ˱ݸϺõľɽ룬ùҪҪһ
ӹһں꣬ӷŻʯϡ
ԪЦЦվŹ˾·ڹϵʱԪùҵģ
Ҳ˭·ˣҿһʶ
˵ŻӶüͷ
ԪЦЦ֮ǰҼ˺˵˸Ц
ûɵһɲõԤУʶʣʲôЦ
˵⹬иŮ˼Լ˲Ͳסį͵̫ɸıǼ̫ģζءӹ꽩ڵɫԪ̧ͷùã˵Ƕ̬Ů˲ܸɵó°
꣺Цİɣˣ
еİԪ˵ɸǼλֻ̫ڣȴˣʵǰҽȥš
Ĵȥˣ
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ȻġԪһ˵ҺңǸ˾ǹùأ
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ȹ˵꣬ԪɫȻת䣬֣ɱĹ֣ӡ
ŵûˣԪʲô
ԪҪ
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شԽԺ󣬺޲үٰȥˣȻ˺
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겻ͣȴԼû
ǰھ·ԺԪԼĲ裬ʱŭ㣬¶
ֻùùûѡԪսϾץҲװҪˣǶû˼
ŭȴΪûԵſң
аԪ˵Ҿͷ㣬һһ
㵽˵ʲôǿ
ҲûϵԹС
ĿѣԪǿбƹﲢҺģˣҪ붯ңʹ˼
ˡԪһЦڳţǻ򵥣
ﶼˡ
һ£㣬ǡ
û˸ӵû뵽ôҷʲôԼˣҲãЩȥʡڶҿ˰ۡ
磬λſſģʹϾֻܺ޺޵ҧ
ȵ˶Ȼʺ̫棬ѾȺʱ
˻ʺ̫ӣý嶬
Ƕ˿꣬ͺ޵޲ֽһƤ
һԼľӣʱͼͨһڵϣȾū澰ɣūǱԩġ
ϥǰỨίˡ
ʺδһʣһԵľݶ̲ס̾Ϣҡͷ
ʺ·Ѿ˵һ֣ǹΪƶʣ˶Ů
£ʺʮֲ˼飬Ǹˣͨ˶ûʲôӣ˵⻹һβ־ܵıɱʺ;ø˼ˡ
˼ģʣ˭ԩ㣿
ԹصԪһۣū澺ʵūʲôûūѹͲ֪ôġ
ʺʣȻʲôûΪβˣƫҪ㣿
΢΢ͷҳϣ֮ǰڵʱΪһЩԭ˵㲻죬ôΪãΪ˶ãҪ뺦ֱӰˣū澵ӣģҾôӣҪɱˣҲֱȱˣôܲɱˣҲҲˣˮūԩ
ʺԪô˵
ԪЦùýһȥ·Ϊҹյ˺ţ԰ɣ
꼹һ
ԪһЦɣҲյһ⣬һȥ·˵ҡ
˲仨ʧɫģ˵ūȥ·ֻΪԪѣ˵Ҫһ鰸ū澽һûˣ˴˵ھ·ūŻϹȥū澲ʶôܻ
Ԫûʺ˵ʹ꣬ʲôûУ
ҧеüĿͱˡ
Ǿ˵˵üĿ
Ԫ֣ţǼ̫Ϊʲôȥ췼
һûüʡ꽩
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ҲüͷҪΪ˲鰸үƽǰ˵Щ˴졣
ϣҲ֪˵ʲô
㲻֪ұ˵
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귴жҪڷգʲô֤֤ǾǼ˵ģ
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˵Ŵӻͳһڹǰ˻Σϸƣǲģ
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ţϲѾôԪģ
һܺ档Ԫ˼㣬΢΢𴽽ǣΪʲôһһģһţΪţǵµӰġּдģҪ٣Ҷó
ܣʸڷϣǷţǺġ
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ԪţʱˣҲ㶵Ȧӣʵ˵ɣȥǳĵģĿĲΪ֤ݣֻϧ֮ΨһϵȫյøɸɾûҵЩţƲԺиǽ˵µĽҽİ취̽һ㣬ȥ·һˣȻϵˡ
Ҳ˵֮м˵Ľ飬㣬ɸ飬ĶȥвǼ̫࣬ͨǼ̫֣ɱ
ԪҪϵһ㿴ҪУ㵫еģͲǼ̬衣
ԣֻһתԭΪԼ˼ļƻ޷죬ֻҪԼźֻҪǱ߲¶ûܱ¶˭뵽ԪһĹͳ鵽ͷ֤֤ȫˡ
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ʺŶһǾʮ꣬ʮѹ
ԴҡҪƵģū澶Ĺؿɼжġ
ʺνģָʲô
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嶬ŭҵĺýã¶ˣ㻹˵ûʸ˵ڳûʸ˵ģŶԡ
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Ԫ˵Һ͵µʱɶ˵ģ㻹ôƱ磿
ʺ˱ۣһأɻʲôطѹ
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ķӣ嶬һͬʱ־ʹ졣
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ʺ۵ؿɵӣҪ飬ȽղпĶȥˣΪһ׮ͽԼ߲ô죿
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ʼңСѬգԼҲǹۿ֦ɢҶģԼôҪԺҪôŮأ
ԽԽԼ֣Ԫȥ˯ţаǧΪЩѴˡ

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ϰֵˣ˵㻹иûĹŮأ
᷿˵ţɫƲʣƲϳȥʹаⱦ˹
ʵ۵СޣϵͻȻɰһҾСʱ򣬶ˣʲô֣
˵ηķⱦ
ⱦЩ⣬ʲôû
ȡģҪ˵ֻΪμҵĵ߸ӡ
ȻƲʵѽѽ̫ɰˣұ
ƲСĵذѺӵݸϡ
ⱦѾˣԼŮ˲ϤݣϾͻˣߺؿ޳Сţñ
Щ޴ǰҶɺҶᣬȴΪ߾սҶòȥǵӵԱӻûʲô飬¼ⱦǿԼƣŵǳЦԼǸҹ棬ôŻÿô
ģ͵ôĺӶֺǼ߶߶ϤˣȻͻҪ㱧
һԭˡı飬ó
С޿޵ѽ̲סС
ⱦֹסͷؿϡ
룬ԼȻͲǴӵǿϡ

ûãŻȥܿʹǱˡ
Ρû˲Ÿսţ毾͵һʱ״˵챻˱һײס
ΡԣüĿȾЦ⣬񣬡ͬһԷǸ͵ġ
ؿľϣûпڽǸ˭
毼ˣ㶼ż𣿡
Ρƽ˲Ǻúõģʲô
˸ûȤԾһԸΡ衣
ΡƲʾͶͭΡˮ֣ԱߵĹñ£ӹ毵Ĳ裬񣬡ò棿
šͷһоͦʵģԺҪǻлᣬȥԡ
ΡǼƥҪϲҿʦ̡
ר˽̾ˡҲֻͼһʱʣȶȶѣԸȽϱأŮǴϺǲףԼֲҶһΪսǲҪЩл
毰غŲ裬Ρ˵ᣬʲôǷֻ֮ÿһʱ򣬲˵ģַΧȻһֵů
ʣôЩ꣬ѾƽصоֹԼĴ׼
ؿԼЩΣԵȥ巻Ǳ߿˵ʲôʱܸĺã
졣毵˶ҪͦæģѾˡ
㵽ʱǵȥȡԼȥ˾ȥزܳ

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ߺֱڣڽЩС͵͵˺ɰǸӢˬŮӢ۾ң๫ܲܲ³˭
Ρ߸ֵЦ⣺ˣһƶҲĹȻλΪ׼ҵҶˡ
㶼ܲµԼûгɾ͸У̾˿ȷʵ컹ţҶ챻ˡ
λϹսɱеŮҲ
ôңΪǽ϶Ѱ˺̫࣬ҲŸѽ˵ţսΡ˫˫磬ҪȻ๫ȥ
Ρ֪ѾͷǹûҭԼݸУֻҪ
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˵ŻǲҪڴ
ôٰǱߵϼˣ˵̫̫룬ȥǱ߳ԣе¶
ͷ˵֪ˣϼȻȥ
ȥ󻻺ѣպûСһͷͨ죬̿߿
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°ȵ̿˵ȥٰóԷ
С죬ҲȥҪȥ᷿ⱦ
Сѧ˷ÿѧϲȥŪ
գҲûΪѽǷ޶ȥٰá
ʱҲڡ
񵱼ΪʲôصǷԷ
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żɽʣǲΪ毳޵£
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룬˵лСɣͷҲûԪС٣ᣬӦñö
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ַ꣬Ըžȥлһ˰ɣи׼õʱæüɹǼҺúõϲһ㡣
ͷӦţá
ʣµģֻʣˣμھǾôݣҪЩʶĽУúøҴŮ֡

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ΡѾ𴲣ΡȥǰԺ˰šźȫ򿪣׼ӭӿˣղѧԪڣûط棬ֻܸΡƨɺϹתơ
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ѾѾǾĲһھ̨ǰ¡
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毿ͷģǹŮ˫ȫ޶ȫˡ
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Ů˫ȫ޶ÿһռˣҲûʲô֮ʱ붼ûӦ¡
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η꣬ȫŪһΣԼֵͷһأַ裬۵ֱᡣ
ŶɵˣʣӦøױΪʲôҪ
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Сһȣû˵
ȡӸ毲ɾݣȻʼױ
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ллĳӣûԪС٣ʮģԪڣ˵毳š
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һš˵Ǵת˺ݣȥݣʲôʱû˵
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674ݱĸ3

ЦСӣ˵˵ʲôأ
һϿġЦдĿɺˣڻԵɺ֮¶ԸСһ飬Сﲻͬ⣬ͰС㰵иţԼѾ͵͵ӳȥԣУĥѵԲ׵ʱо仰˵ҿͷӵòȺ˼̳Ӿƻˡ󣬿ɲǸС㣬Ȼмĥѣҿһġ
һʵǰҲῴֻӣ˵һξûٿˣ˵ϵĻӣǸǧĹ£ʵУǧô׾ͼ޸ģЩʧ;˳ĵүǶòΣдȨϥĻˡ
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ֻͬǲǲѣôҵǸǧȴƫƫ
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ҪԪھͺˣƽ࣬Ĳֺãȥ϶ûô׽
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毵ͷֻԱߴɤǸ̫ү̫̫˰Ų˵˼ҶİѹŮĻ
毲ͷһʶƽǸʵˣµŸĸ棬Ҳ죬һ˵һж˵ЩǴֱЩȴûɵľ̤ʵ
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毾ôŵ˴⡣

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ӳʱ
ϲýԱЦ۾ֻʣһ죬ԷϻΣһиߺΡ
ǰ׵һ˲ɢˡ
԰ǻûɢ˵ϱĸȴڣ毵Ĺ뷿޵
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˱ȲڶϱԱߵСϣ˳£֮ǰ᲻ÿޣ˶ˣ޸˭
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˵ţӿ
ϱܣʵܡ
˵毵Ĺϵ׺ЩԼ̳Ů˵߾ߣ˴žͳɱ˼ҵˣҲµûš
ģԼŴȱأ˭ȥ
ϱֱҡͷȥˣȥɡ
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֮ǰע⵽ηģֻʱæֶŮţûüϸʣµÿˣֱӿڣôͷһСأ
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лϱϴƣһ߰ʱԼ˵ξ뵱ڶŮ
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ηյɩɩɱǼҿ̣Сʲôӣֲǲ֪ͷ¿ӣԶ֮ģ˵ʲôѾϹһأϸϹһأ绨ѩûָˣһֻǹŪܸλãҲǰҹȥӪ
˵Զˣ˵Ǳȥݣȥû
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ηԿһۣ˶ûơ
һֱɫڲ֡
ηԭ⼸϶׬Щû뵽ǮܵһǶȥˣŤŤӣԹؿ񣬡ɩɩǲǳǧôÿضӮҲ̫а˰ɣ
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˵̾˿׻ɩɩˡ
Ǽ޳ȥŮЩʲôҲǼ޽ģҪТǣҲҺ磬Щ¶Ǿˣֻչ˺㹫źӣĵĵطء
ô˵Ҫллɩɩ
ϺлϱԱ߿úǹⲻȥлϱǹɩȥģŪǼж಻ТƵģǼҴٴ죬Ǽ̫ү̫̫ٳҲúðһ죬ʱǼҵģȫջȥ
ηɩɴǮˣʲôܺǮϹ
лϱ̣ƽͷյĿദôˣԿڷţĶǮҲǮƽϣ˭ƽϣ
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֣̫̫ǱߵϼͻȻ˵̫̫֪λ̻ûߣٻȥ
ǼȥٰãӳŸɢȥ
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Ρ§ûȶ١
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ԣΡ£
ԡͷлἰͻȻѾѾͷȥҵ̫ˣǱ־ͲٻǼҵģҲ֪ҾǸǼȥӣʱô˵ҲѾϯɣ
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ףȻ㶼˵ˣҾ˰
š

毳գ๫ţԭСһͷڷȥŴµ߳ӣüĿ
ȥԺǱŵ˷ŹԺ
һ۾ûϳһ㶣ЦˣⲻǸճ޵ֶŮ𣿲ղҶ첻ʶˡ
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ʱԺڣȦϣλΡ
Ρû˵Եúִܾ١
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Ρ˵Ǹ˭ŲµˣԶ֮ǰںԺһְٻȥףûã±ֵ÷з
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ȻΡĵǣ֤İɣ˵ҳŵһӣ֮ڣܱ֤ԺŮܶί

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СǼ״׷׹֣һһԪȥ϶ʲôö
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˵ԪһʱͼС̧һĴߡ
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Ԫƣذڰֲ֣һһǮײ򡣡
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Ԫ˵ԼκǮ֣˻ȥֻҾ˾ˣǳȻҪ½ϣЩʹҲӦõġ
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Ԫȥ̯޺ϣȥ䣬˫ŵĺľ﷭һóǺá
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Ŀ⽺һϣװһƥƥƯս˼˾Ųۡ
ûǮɣСһ߰һߵүǮ
ֻЦЦ
ԪȥĴæԼûüǮЩմ̫ӵĹ⡣
ȰѶ⣬ٻصپӣԪѾ޺˯죬ɴȥ᷿
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վڴ⣬һ̧ȥ
æ񣬡ˡ
ⱦԲԣŮ
أЦůͣ⼸սܾҲˣúܺá
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Ԫ˯˰磬Ρʱ
Ρֱ
ΡǶû˯ˣ
Ԫǳ˳飬û˼˵Ϊֻ̫ŪһֱϺܣһûۡ
Щδ·ûϢáԪѵ
˵˸ˣͻȻʲô˵ȥ˵ý˵ɶˣ
Ρûǻʹʲô˶ڣ˼ҹĲϣһڸؾˣޡ
ǰɣԪˣҶûͬ⣿
ȻΪأ˵ô׵ģ
ԪĻֻŵؽĿͶΡҶܾˣ˵ӡ
Ρһ£ɵԪüۼƣ½۵òᣬ١ѩϼ˪ʵѾõҶĸ
ǾǴӦˡ
Ԫ˵Щһ߸ߣҾ˵׼ƭҵġ
ͣһ£ʲôˮɣ㽫ô֪úϧ
Ԫ֪Լ⣬ǵףҪǻǰҪһ£δ̫ϵ˽ѵ˵ˣЩ£˵ջûã˲ŷ
ҹ⣬Ԫʣأôˣ
Ժڽ壬ͦȤ
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ԪͷǰʮôãҲʱúˡ
Щģֲò˵ʵ㣬һĿ˸ǿơ
ԪЩƽȥո˵ʲô
񲻼ظһ飬Լ˵ģҪμһĶƣĿ⣬Ķ֡
Ԫʱˣô
˵˸ģ뿼ͲŲһΪʲôǵøͬ죿
ʮͬ˱Ȳݸο£óǰĸɾû׼ԶԶذ˦أ
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һ൱µĶ֣³̶ȣȸϡ
ⶼûԪ·Ϳ״ԪͷγųԼԽԽԶ
ûθڣپֱ֮ȥԺ
տ쳤ն̣²Żƻ裬ǿԺѾƻͨʱ˵Ц
ԪûŽȥŶڴûʲôֻȥš
ŵǰһĴɤţԪүˣ
Ԫһʣǲ棿
û˼˵ԼǿƵġ
ڣɡ̬Ȼ
Ԫȥͼѥůϣںǿ塣
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ԪЦô˻ȥӲ
˵Сһﻹûãһ˵СһƤ˵ˣȻſ˫Ҫ
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ͺߺز
Ԫֻ֣һѽСһﱧů
ǿ壬ЦſԪү˴̫ͬ½飬ࡣ
ԪͷƤ顣
ΪԵʣǿƵӡһֱͣǸһ仰˵죬ҪǰԷԲġϣͻȻ˵ˣԪòϰߡ
ǿƼûӦҲΣð衣
ܿ쵹Ȳ
Ԫûȣ˫һضǿϣ֪˶òʣĴˣ
ǿƴǺЦöлλṫӡ
ʮҽȺԪ֪ģһ˵Է˱ˣԪǾúܲ˼顣
룬ԵҲҪμһĶƣ
ǿûϣ֮ǰٶƾֻԾֹ˲ò׻ָˣָ϶ƣȻҪúðգҵ䣬ɾٵˡ
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ǿƼһĲɵӣʣүһͷ˻ԣ˷ƣû³Ĵ㣿
Ԫιͷ½ǶӣѾýҶף˵õƿͰ˸Ȣŵġ
Ϊ죬ǰԪܺ˵Լһ״ԪǿƵ棬Ȼò˼
ǿݸǿͬĶˡ

뿪Ժ֮ԪԼ鷿Ը˼ھͿʼ顣
үջôúЪЪ
Ъ״ԪɾҪ˸ȥˡԪߺ
˵ʲôԭүµľȻʵС˵Ǿãүûȣ
ôûȣԪ鱾̧ͷ
ǰүֲǲָ֪ˣܷӵñһ㣬ү˭̫ӵµİ鷿ϵѧøСطѧӸȥˣ
Ԫ΢飬ǰжŻߵ˶Ŀˣ
ְѶϳȥԪ飬ͨźС˵үûһֱ˯
ԪŲòطЪˡ
գû͵ϴ緹ֱȥӼ࣬ǵƾٵĽţԪд˷ŷɸ봫˵Լƿǰȥ˾ˣ̫ƽʢ߾ս£˾ҲòѸʱ仨ϡ
ֻ֣㡣

678磨7

һ𽥵غů¶£ᱡԺǱ߿ʼװ꣬Щˣϱɴʹζ౦Ժߣһ޸ϵٵ¶
æµϢ˵ˣǸӣմãҪ֮մ蹬磬ٹͬ졣
ǹ۵ĵλӣȡ誡
ʱΡ˹ҵλӣðװ֣ʮֿɰ
ʱʺŵģĽǶȣպÿʺ֪ʲôԭֶһ£۳žҪˤڵϣһʱԱߵҶϣϱ˲ôڳҲ˲ʧʧһʺǰ誱ˤȥ֮ǰɹ˽ס
̫౻һĻˣеС
ȫŰ
ʺԼҲһľδûҪ˺⺢ӣֻǸղŲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮˫־ʹԼ˸ˣɸոһĻͷôƤӵ£һ죬ҲͲ塣
˱ҵȹ۷ŭʱ򣬹ʲôû˵ֻЦһͶʺϵĿζŸտʼͷ뿪
ɣûŭȶŭ£˶²ţʺ᲻Ϊ¶ʧ裬̫ӻ᲻ǣ
粻ɢ
ؼҵ·Ρ˵ˣ˵Լģʺ󲢲ǹ⣬Ǳ˸˾֡
Ρģ˵˻ܣֻĺ̫ү缴ɡ
֪๫ΪԼԲЩùܵ£оԴ̫»־ͷ΢ı仯
Ρ̫ϵģһ̫ӳʲô£ضǣ
Ϊˣ˸ȴʲôæﲻϣֻʱѹ˼עͶ

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գҦżλ԰ͻͼһСѾͷŲҴҵسһ̽ӡĴӡ
ھȻûʲôҦȴǸˣиȥμӸᡣ
˵գϾҦϷš
˵¼СѾͷĶЩֲ֣ʣôȥ
Ѿ߼ڳҴ˵߽Ҧϵˣθӡ
θҦϻûӦĸθ
Ѿѹ޵Ǹθ
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ҦϿӣǰͻȫûˣҸڽǼλߣַԸѾߣȥ

һ԰Ӿͷĸüģǰɻ˵ңʲô𣿡
Ҧָָʯϵ̽ӣ㿴
߹ȥɨһۣθӣɫҲ΢΢һ䣬μ޽飬Ǽ̫ү٣ôͻȻ뵽Ǽӣ
ֻ֮ⲻھơҦϳληˣ֮ǰǸһأҲۼʲô벻ӣһΪûǳ׷ˣյܾòҪʲôƵġ
ȻòǱҸѣȥˡ
Ҧ̾ȻǱƵ˽գվͻӣҪǼһصģ㣬òðôȥ
мֲԸòʲôû𣿴ȥʲôһʱǱߵϳҪȥֻô죿
ҦϵĵǰãȻ㵱ԼŮ˵ĵˣҲ˽ȥġ
뵽⣬Ҧƺ¶ĳ־ģȥһ˰ɣȥˡ

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˶ŵþ¿ٶ࣬Ҳûֽš
԰дλݲĹˣſ
֪˶ãܽС˵ˡ
΢üλ˵Լµ뿪һ¡
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ҦֻѾߣ֮ûˡ
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Ҧϵпȼǰڿȸͣԣڼúˡ
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Ҳ֪ǿ˹ⲻ˴ǴѾĻ˿ȼ
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679˦8

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롣񷢳룬Ѿ߰Ҧϴȥ԰ԼղŶʲô
Уûֱֻ֧֧ͻȻүү׼Ժãȥһ˰ˡ
Լֱʶˣ
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ոʲôʡ
Ϊϳ˲ˣԼһʱ˵֪֪鲻ԲҸ档
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ϲĵصԺߣϵ帣ٶԽϯϣűǲףʣüЦ
ΡүӿĵӣȻƿ꣬سʱϽʣͭӲóҪ̲Ǹˣһʱпյףﲻϣɺ׳࣬޲ʹ١
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һˣ壬׷׽עͶԪʲôʱϱȢ
ԪƤ񣬱ôҲΪ飬ΪǿڣҰ״ԪߣֻԼ˵ꡣ
ԪһףɰѶٹķĸˡл˿ھƣ˵ǰȥ˾¥żλǼһ޵ϡﻩģȥĲһûԣ˵ʱ򻹳˦ӣ˳֪ĹϵԹ㣬ˡ
Ԫֱۣ˭֪˵Ĺ˭׼Ǳ黨ǲݣ񿸲סˣѹ˦ңҲŲ㱳
Ŷ˰죬˺Ц

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һֱæοɢżΡ
ѾûΡ
ûأҡҡͷʧ䣬˵Ѿȼû취磬СۣҾǹģⲻǿѾ
ΡСˣİԵˣȻûָҲ̫ǿ󡣡
񶼶Ǿòġ
̫үûܼѾȴһ벻¡

ǰůһֱ˵һֽ𰣬ΪӶ飬͸ˣº󴺷ů³մ˰ůͰľһֽ𰶼Լǰõģ˵ãźȥ档
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ʮֺ棬ѵ۾ɫʱȥģ
ݺ棬Ȱůȥֽʱ򣬽ûܾ
Ǿðľĳ⣬ҰľˣȻ˵ǼҶ౦ѧ˵ǻƵģʲôҪʲôȫﲻҪôҪôɴͱһԡ
ûȥ¾ֻһ˴ӣ֮ȥ
θܽһƬĲݵأÿʱǰŷݵĺﲻ̯׼̻ڱЩСģҲгԵģ֡
Ҳʲô֮ˣκŷ¾ûʲôȤ֮ԼҪΪľڸԽԱˣ˵Ҳ˵˳ԷܼˣʱͶԼ¼⡣
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ҹѾ˵ľǿŴﾪѹģȻﺰĻ
˵֮˳Ĭ
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뵽úȫѪĻ棬֮ǰκ˵˴ܣͳȰһѾͽƵ˳ˣ
һ˵һָָľ
ʵɻһĺôôƵ˾ĺӣʵ
΢΢üûˣ֮ǰһԤжûУҪ˵ҲɺˣȥҽݿǸӣȷû¶֮ҺշԵŸǼҴ㿴Σ
¶ԥҪǲģԸȥҲУǼôС˸ţѵŮӰβɣ
룬׻ǵҽãͷʱ¼ƽϡ
ҽ߲ԶһǲŹȥģҵСǿƵģһ·۲ض¡ͼӣһע⣬⼸˳˲úԼӽ
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Сϴһҹôˣ
ȻģһŪʮӣˡ
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С̲סǣһ߳ŭô죿
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692ǺӾۻᣨ21

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ңʱһصЦЦ

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صذԼõһѷΡɫƵĺ쳤ۡ
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Ρһ§סӯһյ
أһõ˿಻ãɿ
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693루22

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694֪ˣ23

űüͷԭǺģŲҲÿںӵķϸһ͵Ļᣬ½̱ǷŲԭе̬һ;Ӹͱˣӵͣ
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֪Ρ½̱˵ʲôٻʱ֮ǰԵı仯Ƕһ仰Ҳ˵
ʶԱСϵλǿյģ½̱񣬡ǲǻϢ
ȥ˺СϣֹӲʣ˯ʲôԸ˵Ҫȥš
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695ظ24

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696ͷ25

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˵üСϣ˵걨˶ƣʮþ˰ɣ˾ϱ
½̱е骸Сһĸͬ׵ܵ骣ĲɳڣϷΪ·
С뵽ԼǺ޽ĵԸ뵽ȫҵϣϣ뵽ûϣֻҪܵùЯһڳıھվȽŸ
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һһ䣬ƱĵӣһһСϴ˫ۣǱꡣ
ʹ࣬ûţΪ˵ҲΪ骡
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697үúùӣ26

Сض͸ҽ̫̫ԺȻ̫̫ڵϣ֮ǰ赹Ÿѣɫģûʲô
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СϿҽ̫̫ơ
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¶ȡ֮ýˮͷȥһӺ̫̫ɫת
Сڸǰ̫̫ǰȥûΪ˰ɣ
СпԣǿЦҡҡͷ
Ǿͺá̫̫СԼǰֲţһʱҾ֪Ǹʶĺúӣϣȷʵί㣬ܵʱֻͷһʱͿҪСûˣԺֻһˣʲôõĶҪ㡣ۣ˵ûͬһ룬ǲԼȥһˣͻˡ
Сϻô̫̫⻰ֵүǶ쾭£ᣬʲôʣ⼸꣬ģȻ֪ĺãأޣӦöЩݣӲܳþõعȥ
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̫̫˵ʲôĵ֮Ļʼ֮ˡ
СŴ֪˾صţʱ̣ȴܽӣ̫үһţ骸ܽȥضǰ;
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Сһ˿ھ̫̣ӣҡ
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ׯԶأΪ̫̼ǿ԰ѽԾУ
̫̫ȴϲúܣѵϿڸҪǵӣңׯ϶أõժЩˣѾͷ⺢ӻСƢθȫ̰ɱЩģʱ۵شֵøŲġ
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̫̫Ժӣᳵ·ܽԺͺɹɻϲ˫һ󰲡
סŲһƬɲɵ¼յǼᣬʣڲ
ڵġףȥɣԣ»ͷúð
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֦ѵã֦ѵãϵˣֻӰţǸֳԣ
²һţѾͷСǶλĸĸм֪

ҪС˺һ裬Ӹ½̱ˡ
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һֱڻ½̱֪ԼʱеķӦ
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½̱ûĻֻ۶Сϣ㵽׺Ȳȣ

699ûס1

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700ӣ2

仰ֱҪ
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޳˵ˣ˵ˣˣүȥҩ

Сһ˯úܳҺģһ½̱Ļ棬һǿиƵĻ棬󣬶һ̲ĿĵѪϡ
оʱСϷַںܰʶСǵط֮ǰһƽ̹ûκ֪Լò׻ϵĺûˡ
뵽⣬Сµܡ
ƫͷѾ߸Լˮȴⷢ½̱ſڴر˯š
СϺµɪһ£ŲŲȥסԴ
ɿһĻСˣ
ûУһҪ˯СƵӱﴫ
С࣬ҪҪȺȼ˯
СһҡԴҲҪ㣬ŪߣŪߡ
Ϊѵؿ˻ſڴ˯½̱һۣ򴽡
ʱ½̱תѣС϶ڱﲻҳӣһ
СŲֱ˶ǽͣȻﲻͣغţ㣬㡭
ҧҧѶ½̱ү㻹ȳȥɣ
½̱ʮֲ⣬ôôң

701ȥ1

һô᲻£㱻ƽװԣ㻳ӱ˹ԣ
ҪˣɽѡĬ
˵׺֮Իû󲿷ֻ̫̫Ǵ¶ǰȥѾǿҪӾľź̲С
½̱Ųֺһ飬̥£̼ܵˣүǻرһµĺãһ
½̱Сűɪɪӣ򴽣ǰֻͷԸ㣬Ҿ棬ʲô½ҡ
½̱ȥ󣬺ߵǰһһƿСͷϵıӣᣬ̣ȥˣûˣɡ
ûߡ
Сּߣߡ
źС̣꣬ۿһȣûǿСϳߵ䡣
½̱ںȲ裬æ²յʣôˣ
ޱ˵ˣүߣͲϳҿүǻȥɣҪһЩӦ͵ʱ䣬ϾӸû㣬ġ
ἰӣ½̱ͫ䶢˺һۡ
㼤˸үԼʧײ̡
վ½̱ҪʲôԵȵģֻҪܳܺȣ¹ֻܶŪģǮͷϡ
ӦȴֱۣǰûµʱŶãֲαô
ߣۻ䣬ȥСϵıӣСûпܣԴ
ˣʹڴڵ
ָ˱ˮ
СϺ֮ʹţһ仰Ҳ˵
Сڣ̣
Сҡͷ
㿴ӣҲ̲סͨһ¹ڵϣ䣬Թū澣Ҫū澵ʱһƣӾ͡
޹ءСϵ㲻ƣǼƺȥҲˡ
ܡ
ø
˻¶̫̫үѾ֪ˣүүԶִһ٣ϻȫǱ޺ۡ
Сţֽץס
ţֵģҶүԺС˵ˣʱ̧ȥģϵѪҽ˶һһ˵үʱүǰģ̺ǰǷȫ
⻰˵СϴϺĻڻǺӾ¥˵֪ˣת˲ͱһ̫̫ǰصܽԺͿʼ䳰ȷ˵Ҳǵ˼˵Ĳ
˵С飬һˣ䷢ʲôãһͷȫˡ
֪̻˺ӣҿ仯ͦģûˣү̵̬ȶӦûת䡣
Сҧǡ
ʹȥǰһ̣ȷйڴΪӶԼĹۣ¶һ⣬Բǰӣúù
ǺûˣֳĺãֻΪɱ̫̫үۣǲע⣬϶
뵽ЩСϲܿƵɪһ¡
״æ̣ү
Сϲ˵ְԼ

յ½Ϣʱ򣬴һûˣ
ŵĻС裬ᵽǸӣĨȫǸСӣҪ³çôᡭ
˵ĲҹӣֻܰȫƵϡ
û˵꣬ȥ任ѣ˱Ӵȥ˹
ûȥֱ̫̫ܽԺ
Сϸպ£Ȼ˵
Ƭ̣ް˹ʣ˫ۿ֡
񲻶ӽ
С㲵ģľһ££
㡣
СϴǿһĨЦ
ôˣס֡
СֻЦ
뵽ǰ˵Ļͷ˺һۣȳȥ
ֻʣСˣŵǲǱǸС쵰۸㣿
Сϴ۽ޣû˵˭۸ֻίؿ㣬¡
ɵʲô
ûˣһŹҡСܵͣҪƵġ
ı£һȥ
𣬱ȥСҾͺá
Ҳܡ
´Сϵ£ûẢӵ⣬ֻ˶Ǽ̫̫ٳˣʱȥմմϲ
Сϴ۽ޣԥ˺ܾòųȥܲܰ˵˵飿
ɫһ䣬
ţûˣҪ룬ҵģֲҴڼֻȥ㣬̫̫ͬ⡣
⻰ʮָӡ
ȺС˯ųȥ̫̫Ǳߣǰ˽һ¡
֪½̱СϹƣҲȥ̫̫ôɥ¶̫̫ûѵ
̫̫ߵضүŭ˺ñӳүЩû˰ûȬء
߷ߵ֪ڸģǴʲôã
̫̫û˵
ȷ½̱ôСϣͬʱ½̱򣬵ǳΨһãʱ½ƽһ㣬ֱӰ½̱Сߣ֪δ½һʲô
ü
ȻŮ˵ˣ˵һξһеڶΣСϹƣºûˣʹСһʲôֱ
뵽⣬Ȼҿȥһ徲徲ĳЩ淴ʡóж˵
̫̫㶡
½̱Ҳ׵һƷھˣֻ̫̫ƾҿݣܲȥ

702Լȥң2

̫̫΢΢ü⺢ӣôǵ¶
Ȼˣ̫̫ҵһˣȻûʸܵġ񲹳䡣
϶ѾǧűĹŮ̫үǱȻϲ˵ϡأ϶ʱʱţôҲһˣ
̫̫ţòͷӦ£úúã˵ҲǾͶ㣬ȥ徲Щӡ
صܽԺС̫̫ǱѾͬȥ
Сţģ
Ȼġֲ˲ϵķ˿ڼﾲЩ̣ӻԲ
Сϸмлл㡣

½̱ܿõСҪȥϢɫ˱䣬һʱܽԺͼ齱߸С˵Ż
½̱Ųﺰ㡣
˵ԸоСϲ˲
֮ǰ˵½̱򣬵û뵽³ӡ
һۣ½̱ʱϱûкɫ㻹ҽ㣿
½̱εѪףϵܲ˵ûûɣ
˵ţĿתСϣ£Щû۲ۣûʲôرԵĶ
˵ãһ˵С϶øˡ
ڣ½ֵ̱ǰ˵ҪȥòǡڿЦգ
С˫޴ؽţûлش
Իش𣬡ȥġ
ý㡣½̱ᣬ̥Ӧôڼ࣬ȥǣԲ˯õģʱָô죿
ЦΪڼܳԺ˯ˣ
½̱ԶԣĬ˻ٴСϣ£Լأ
Сϲӣ۶µҡҪȥġ
¡
ˣֹúһڳʲôӣһȥú÷ʡȥ֮ǰ׼̼
а㡣½̱Ҳôչ
ЩҪչ˵ʱȥˣ
ϬԴǣһΰ½̱ס
СǺµÿҪ޳ӣӿǰ˵˾䣬£Բ𣬶Ҳá
ֱˣС϶ﲻֱ

Сϱȥˡ
½Լյġ
ߺ⼸ȥܽԺÿθҪͺµֱޡ
Сǰûǰ޹ǸʱΪ죬֮䷢ִίޡ
ڣǺ£ⱻıųӰֻҪһ;ԼҪִҪȾƣ˺µ
һޣ½̱ʲô
ЩУԼĲ̣½̱ʮֲζ
ԸСˣ
йǿҵԤУһȥҲˡ
Ҫȥ
СΪѵү󱳵˻ûء˵ү񣬽»û꣬¶֡
½̱ݺݵСһۡ
С˱죬ȴôȥ
½̱򲻹ܲˣٱķգԼȥǣֱ֮
ʱ򣬾ʦ̫ȴѹû
ôܣ½̱ű˫۳죬̫̫ʾҪģǲǰˣԸ˲ҽȥһÿҪȥˣ
ʦ̫εүĲǲţԼȥˡ
½̱ҴҳȥԺ˸׳죬ûСϣ̵ѾߺͺҲڡ
ûСĺۼĲˡ
֪½̱׺䶥
Ե˵ҪʵǴҪԶ뿪½뿪
뵽⣬½̱ݺһתͷŹȥ
֮ȥ̫̫Сȥˡ
̫̫ȥˣ㻹ʣ
½̱򲻸Ҹ̫̫ʵ飬һθСϵ䣬Ų裬ƵҲȥôѾ˰ɣôȥ
ԣ
ǰҲȥûȥˡ
ʲô˼
Ҳȥġ½̱ʦ̫ң²ڼҽȥ淭˸׳죬ûˣý㣬ңһҪһ
΢شģȥϱ
֪ǼкİֻҪǳ棬һܾһ
žԼŪϱȴñ˰ңӵĵ
½̱ȻǲǼң
Խ˵ԽƶԼ뷨վҪȥѣƲ˫һɣȥ
ȥ
ƲüˣǼôԺӣҪڹǻˣ
һνԺƾȥȥңҲˣٺú˵˵
½̱ȥˣԺԺӶԺԺÿԺ䣬ÿ԰ӣ߽߱ǽǶûŹ
ۡѾҹ½̱󱳵˿Ϊ˺ˮף۵·顣
Ŀİػصپӣͨһǰɫ԰ףý㣬ˣҡ
һ죬ҵʲôûУ
½ָ̱߬ҡͷ
Ǿ˵˵
߲Զ½̱ƶôСһˣͶ㣬ȥģ
СΪ˵̫ʣô֪뿪ĵӲ
½̱ϻ
Щ̫̫½ƽ۱޴򣬱䳰ȷֱ˰θôĵ̷˿ںۣۣͣСϻԶ뿪ԤԽԽǿҡ
Ӧһ仰ЩһϰĴڣϰѰۣͺϰÿָһָ׸ǣһսˣۣʹ
۵½̱ɬֻҪ
飬Լȥҡ

703һߵף3

½̱صң˿ڷգС˱Żˣҹȥ븮ҽһҩȥǿѹԼеĻϣִ˼ܵ䵱ɫ½ƽ۲֣ᷢĴӽųȥ
֮ȥ䵱Ǯȥĸŵسûмȥ
ʱСȥйʶġ
ŵسȷпȥȻҲû
棬ѵǻˣ
½̱û룬˷ݷȥһ·˴Сҵ׼ȷλãȴе֪Сѹû
һüǲС½СҪҺץ˾ͺݺݸѵ
ĸֻһĨᣬ˵
½̱Ĭˡ
ѹһңҪǻָҪ
û˵ʵֻԼմػ˷ݣ˳ʡ
ȴûô򵥣ǰȥǿ㣬֪½ֻǱʣʵϹòá
½̱һǳʲô¡
˵½̱뿪׷ȥʵ顣
½̱򲻿˵骷˺ݣ½̱ڵϺݺһ١
½̱Ƕźϵ˺͸˷ݣһֱ֮ڲݴʹȥ
ȻǱ½̱ŵ˴˱ҽݣˡ
½̱ԺкоڸԼιҩıۣۿͣץס˵־ѿڶ¡
ȴһŮӣҽݴŮ
˵òᣬҪúС
ŮӼιҩ
½̱ܾˣ˹ҩԼȣûмһλ
ŮʣʲôĹ

½̱Ŭȥ䣬Լ벻Сϸռ½ʱĽεģΨһǵõģֻмǰͺµɪɪʱĿ
ܵС½̱ڷſɬҩ֭۽ޣʲô۸Ҳ֨˻ɵɵĸ۸Ǹ׼һӺþƺòˣǸǿйƣûˣܺ£Ͷ
˵½̱򷢳һЦ
ŮݸˣֻҸߡ
½̧̱𣿡
ŮӵҶ˵ǲСôķǴģ˵˵ʲô
½̱˰ΣȻʹرԴ
꣬Ȼ޷ĳ̶ȡ
뿪ҽ֮ǰŮӸܶ˺ܶǲǿģ˱ˣһƾͨ챾£Ҳ޲µѺۡ
½̱ᶨ˲УУ˲ܣܣ
ȥ˺ܶطãпȥĵطһһȥҹȻ˼һ㣬û˼û֪ȥġ
ֻǸЦֻĴѰҵʱ͵͵˸ڴػؾصǸң̫̫ǸСȥ˼
֪̫̫治֪װ֪
뾩֮ǰȥһˣ֮ǰȥһˣСѹûǵط
ôöûн½̱ľƣڹ̫̫ǰʧʹޣĸˣ»Һòã
̫̫⺢Ϲ˵ʲôأ
²ڼҲûлңˡ½̱˿˼ԼǱ󣬡ôСȥأһǱ˸ˡ
˵̫̫ȥļܳ˲ɣ
ڡ½̱ƶȥüΣûһμ
̫̫˵ûҡ
½̱Щɵۣĸʲô˼
ֻ̫̫һߡ
½̱ʧǵػصԼȥһҹ뵽ĳֿܡ
˴ٴǰ
ʦ̫û뵽Щ죬ӷһ
½̱򿪿ڻǾ仰ңģ
ʦ̫εؿү
һ棬ҽȥҡ
ʦ̫˵Ѿҹüˡ
һҵ½̱һѽƿǵسߣִȥԺ䷿䣬ǶŸؼǿһһ˹Ҫܹȥһۡ
֮þʦ̫ȫټͳʮãվţ½̱ߵǰÿһϸϺþá
Ȼ֮󣬻ûҵСϡ
ƣػصûȥ̫̫ǰԼڷ
½ƽԺСʣүûүҪԼġ
½̱˲ϢҴˣȥ鷿½ƽۡ
½ƽ۷˱ʱԴʣף֪֪ȥ£
½ƽûֻʣʲô⣿
䵭½̱ûɵؾú£ҡҡͷûûʲôҾʡ
½ƽžһ˲ˤϡ
½̱һ
ǰղǳȥ½ƽڽ½̱ձ
ԴȥЩȥʱˡ
½ƽûѣֻʣȥ˷ݣûЩТĸ
ˡ½̱
Ȼˣʱ˲ٲƷȥ骺ݺһ١
뵽ǸСӣ½̱ȻףҪҰ骽ǰɣ
ûԶ֪½ңһ
ʲô½ƽʡ
߱½̱½ЩŸ徲Ժ䡣
½ƽ۲ͬ⣬æ骸֮пϡ
½ƽһۿ½̱骱СϳҲûţԼŰ졣
½̱ȥ˷骵ʱ⵽˾ܾ
ѣһˡ
ֱӸŰҰ㣬ҿ˹Ͱ½ҽӻԺ
½̱üǲ֪ģ
ŭ֪ôΪʲôҪ㣿
ôã䣬½̱ļģҸ
⣿
½̱ûԥҹ򡣡
骵ҵ˼ǣɽһߵȥ

704ؼˣ4

˸ַϵҪ󣬱֪Ժ󣬵һ١
ֻΪй˵ģο½̱ⲻǻûӦ
ֹ꣬½̱򣬡Ҳܣ취ҽܸؼң򡭡
һŽߵԱߣ½̱СŮ£ү鷳ˣȥȥ
ֻͷ骣ģ
骶˵
ɫѿ
½̱ͲҪˣһ԰½ӻ
֮骣һߵԸ⸺
Ҳ֪ԼҪ̫֡
жϥлƽϹأ¹ĸûĸΪŮһߵףοֲǻʺֻͨССŮڹĸŴԺ£ҳͷеģֵضûС
˵½̱˵Ը⸺ʱʮ𺳵ġ
ˡ
½̱ûе顣
ôã񼸽ѾκεͲء
һСۣŰɫ£ڱϣȥСڵƺɽš
ԭڼȴ½Ҽҵġ
½̧̱ͷϿ˿ƺɽߣˣְ̫Ÿ߼ϵĵ̾͹Ƶ£ԭҪ˿ڴȥ
骾Աߣû߼Ϳʼȣ˿½̱ѾѪ
򴽣骵ұģҪǲ⣬ھͿͣ¡
½̱Ĩȥͷϵĺֻ֣ߡ

̣½̱Ϊ˺ѵʹ֪˶£ջǼɽԭذ׵ĵ£ѾȾ˴ĿĵѪɫ
Сϱ֪СܳʱıһĻ
½̱վڼ⣬£ɫҰףΪȡ¾ʱȫѪ
ƺûֻ֪ǿʮ£ؼˡ
˵һջʹȥ
СϿѪģĺ󱳣Сһףʱ

½̱ʱſϼ᷿ϣѾҩʹɽʱЩԾŲá
˵תͷܡ
֨ѽһƿϽܡ
վԲ࣬СǶԶԶģʱʱӿһߡ
оô
½̱΢沿ݺݾһ£ۣۡ
˵ȥСϵķӦ
Сϵʹͷָܾӡ
½̱ʹһ
СϾ̧ͷ½̱Ŀ⣬һ£١үôˣ
ۡ½̱ش
½̱Ҳܶ˶ֵģԾ˳ȥѿռˡ
Сϻվԭز
½̱ҿʣ£ҵˮ
Сϻعߵߵ˱ˮ͹½̱ûнӣſڴϵƣһѱס
СһһΣˮ
½̱򽫲Сû˵ʱǲǸۣ
Сûлش˶ǽģľٶͷӦ̫ϡ
ûش̧ͷ㵽ӲϣǰŲŲø£þãһؼңòã
С϶˶촽
û˾ûˣֻҪһȥپ١˵
Сϲ֪Լò֮ǰ赹ڼǰѪˣԼѹġ
¡½̱бȡ£ˮ֮һԣס֣ǰǷ㣬ȴǳĵģ֪ˣô㣬ܸܲҸֲĻ᣿
СϺۿ㻹򲻴ˣ
Ҫᡣ
򡣡½̱ԼϣôãΪȥҵ̵ġ
㻹಻ҺȾˣСʡ
ңòã
Сֲ˵֪Լ벻ˣҲӲ½Ȩƣ
½̱С˵Ҫһߵ״ɽſԭңǿˣȥ
˵ţҪ齡
үСһţæסҲǡ
ת̫죬ʼ״Ρ
ԭңͬһȥˣ
ڣ½ֵ̱£Ҳû㣬½Ҳû㡣
Сۿٴһȡ
ݣ½̱ί㲻ڵЩӣҹһʹң㿴Һôˣ㶼һ¡
Сϸ鿴һ˿ڣü۲ۣ
һȥҾͲˡ

705ۣ1

½̱ڼ˴²żת
ڣСÿ춼ľչ
½ֹ̱һεض˵£ԭҺòã
СϱЦŻش𣬡Ҹؼҡ
س죬ϣ½̱§뻳
СҲܣϣͷ½ִ̱£ǲǻҵ
Сͷ̴΢ЦүԺҲҳˣʹ½ңҲȥ
Цúеһμ¶˲õЦݡ
ȴûꡣ
УҲǷڴǷݲزס
ѾȦ뻳Уûӣôľ룬֮ȴ·ʮǧ
½̱Ʊһڣϸ΢ۣȫ
¡
ţ
¡
һһغ֣䷳һһش
ÿشһо뱻ƳԶ
ҲǸȴԾɶĴ
ץסץסĵУܸУڸУ½̱
ֱԽԽ£Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
Сͳ˿۽ǣᣬүؼˡ

Сϱ½̱Խӻ˵֮ЩģŰӣȥһء
ϡ
Сƺǰͻˡ
񿴵һ鰸ǰˣʮֶгĻ棬ǸоĲԾ
ڻ·ϸ룬Сϸ˵ĸоԡ
ȥһ˼֮ǰľź½̱򣬶ԹĴСҲӦ֡
ƫƫûڴû˹ʡ
С񣬴ֻӦְȻȡıӻȡʮİ
Ϊ֪Լҵλ£һ룬̫ү̫̫½ƽ۶Ӧȡֻ֣ܻһֽ顣
ãزңֻѡ߳ҡ
˵Լҵãû
Կ־ѡ½̱ˡ
ֻǻûԭ¡
֪һ
νĪ˵ıС˰գ

ӣ׸ϡ
ּƯСдٹѩϯ
ӣޱȷ̡
ûǴȥΪ˱Ρǹθ˸ϲ
ȻûɣͦӦġ
û뵽Źȥ࣬ҾȻǼ£μҵӡ
ѩ֪֪£ǼҵӶſ̬ȡ
ûеһʱϸΡһ¡
ΡʲôõԤû
˵ûС
ǿǶԷݡΡƲϾǶ֪ûϲ̫ӵµı㣬ܲĺøУ԰һ
๫˼ǣӦȥμ磿
Ρס
Ƶģҽ黳׸º֣µʱԼȥǼһ̲סˡ
ΡʧЦһۣ͵Ѱᣬôࡣ
ӦţﻹǺܲ

ѩ죬ֻƲʺһƹϸɴİȹϵɫУѹȹ΢˼佻ӣѹѹͷ纳٣׺˱䡣
Ѿӵĸף˽εɫû˿Υ͸С
ʱѩӵˡ
˵λʮֵýϳ谮Ŀȴͷһμ³ѩò۵Ҳɵûһ˿ޡ
λеģ̫һ
ѾСһ䣬ѩϻعЦӭȥϥ񣬡Ů밲
ǰĹԼĪʮͣΪСǣʮϲ죬һ»ȹױҲʮֽ͸ŶׯӺݡ
δ̫
ϦʱһΣʱ̫Զûô壬ţȷʵúǲ֪ƷΡ
ȻܳΪʵ۾˾ѡ̫ϱضй֮
ȥ˼΢΢һЦﲻض񡣡
ѩЦдӵʱĸױң˵ÿյӶ಻ʤһʱҵ磬ҵʱûϣ뿤ˣҵҡ
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񿴴ҲûԸֻһЦҼ๫游ͬΪ٣˵׸ƽûٹѵôһλᣬ߶߶ϲѽ
ѩû뵽ôشȻȴԾЦл
ʱλѾߵĴӵһǰһ˴š
ѩͷһ϶ʱЦøˣλã롣
ͷǰͷĹﴩһǳưȹһҶȣһ˫ϸһۣβ΢΢Դַ飬ѩĳƺüͷɲ塣
ںͷĹŰˮưۣˮСɡ
ٲѩ¹޾£ȴһֹ浾Ĺ۸С
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λ׼һѩҵԾӣóö̵ؽţķС
ڶϣĿǰû¶ʲôԵı顣
룬¿кϷˡ
Ƕ߽ѩܵλæ֮ܳʵ֮λÿ
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ѩͶϡ
ٱǹʹһϣϵϦʱ򱻻ʺԵ̫׼Ƕ԰ɣ
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ʮòЦЦ
ѩ㣬˾ױݵЩ΢ĽӲô죬һζû̫ͷǶѾͷôģʵ˺Ѽ΢Ц

706磨2

ѩģЩʶŮ졣
˿ϯʱȸλһ顣
ѩžƱվ˵һʮˮ׼Ŀף֮ĿͶرлܳ硣
һ˵Ůע䵽ϡ
ǵĿȥȴֻ⣬ǰƽµĺӣȥŸոף֮󲻽ٵ˷ţʮֵýϧÿθʡϹĺöܲθȥһݡ
ϴν֦֦ϸҲֻ˼ţθֱӵһٰ֦
ڻĿеλã˵ǻӹǶ޷ȡġ
̫ôˣλõĳ谮Ҳʮ֮һ
ɴ˿ɼϯᣬζʲô
¾вٹŮѩĽ
Ľ׼̫Ľܵÿ
ƺҶղشĳֹʶ˭ֻҪۣܵ㲻ܷ֦ͷҲȻú̹
Դˣʾ
Щˣ᲻̫᳴˵㣿ֻμĸͷ˸翵Ŀ⻷ѣôͨˣʵ˾ˣ̫ܣʵۺ̫ӵ˼ҲһСҵģ˶ܲܺùȫƾ̫ӵϲаͭӶĹϵ
濴ѩɣڵŰСԱߵĶϵⶼû붫ȇNɪˣһʱأʱʲô˭˵׼þأ
϶žƱǳǳһڣȻ˵׼ֺα
һҭ漴ƫͷȥ
ϵȻȴǡǡĶ䣬صس߿ȴСѾͷ˹سŲˣƲϱ顣
ջĿ⣬˼
֮ԱΪڲͬʣΪ仰ΡһֱĹһģڱˣǵ㲻֪ʱ򣬸ⷢ
ԱѩѾ˵껰
ԽϹϵԽǲöԷóѡ
ЦЦ׸ˣ̫̫Լ֮ǰӦѩǷ˵˳Ҽ๫볯ʱ̣˵ܹ׸˵շ˷Ҫл׸շ֮
⻰˵꣬׸֣ϵɫͱˡ
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عˣ֪Ǹ׸ʱ֡
ѩθӣͨһỺҵĹϵ
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֣˼룬ĥһ㷿ֽеߣԸ˼䡣
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֣۵⣬ݹأֽ׶붫Ӱ죬Ҫƽһǰ£ΨиһҩС
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ϰ˯ЩҸû˵ĻͤС˻ƲʾԱš
Ҫ˯ΥԤͻȻ֡
ȻۣվŲԶĺǱһ˶ûС
Ʋʾú棬ˣڿʲô
񼥷ع˹ҡͷûʲô
˵ֿ˯
˯úܿ죬֪˶ãߴỽˣˣѡ
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ͻȻѽһҵˡ
㷿ֵ᲻ͤˣ
ȥңһȦ˵ûС
ǿ϶ڷŵϯˡ¶Уҵȥ
㷿üͷȴû취
֮˲ҪҪǱм񵽣һϳ˽ͨ϶ܲˡ
ǿз֮Ҫñ˼񵽣ǻ˵ã
㷿ֻǰϯãǸ౳
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Ǹˣѩδ׵ֳ
ʪ͸дӺﱧڣ
ȻϷ˵ĿĲΪмңȸ˾֤֮¾ԲᴫȥһظмԴﵽҺͽĿġ
񰵰ңÿԼԤ֪Ҫϻ˳ͣԼҪ
ȥ˼Ѿߣص֮ǰĵطܵһȦûҵӣ˵ȥĵطңͼѾ߿ܹˣŵˣҼҹˮˣ˾Ⱦɣ
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707֣֮1

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ʶֻĸķԸһˮ㼰ʱӪȡ
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Ѿհ쵽ߣԼҹﱻôţǰһڣ漴ȹܹȥô
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ģǲ׼̫Ӳҹôܺоһ
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˿湻ʵģ̫ӵµŮ˶ۣǻʺˣҪô

һһȫָĵĻ
գ俴ҲڳǾֻ֣صؿ
㷿ּ״üͷݺ塣
Ǹľ֣˭
үô˶ˣҪǲ𣬻ʺ϶ŹңҪǸΣⲻǰ˸̫Ů
㷿ΪѣϷѶ˹ѩ㡣
ѾסǱΪһʱֻ߲ʯ
ҲһǱϷˣ񣬡ĸ
ϷƤ˳飬ô£
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УѾǰ˰һ˳ģôôΧۣ
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ݣȻ׼̫Ӳ
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ʲôϽȥ£
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ѾǸϽǰְ˽ŵطȥ᷿Ѹ
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صͶʵе԰˼ڰԼĿȴûҪ档
ԣͶĳûвһ˭ⱻĲѡû׼ѶԸ
ڣ׸羹ȻĿ̫֮ӵŮ˱˳
ô£
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뵽⣬ѩ㵱ۣΪʲôҪ
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׻һ˿ǣѩûȫ޺žžͣ
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Уĸ˵Χ˵ģΪʲôһ˾ŮǾͷ׷ӿ
ңҲʶԣϷһۣ۵װԹ
Ϸ˱˭󣬿˵ʲôֻ취ɢȺȻѩȥտ棬ǧҪ˸ãĿתûߵϣ̾ǰҲ˵ˣˮǼСӲŻȥȵģ˵в׵֮Ϊ룬Դˣи֮롣
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ԴΣϷ˷ԸѾߣ뿤ȥ
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˶ûˣ㷿ֲŽŵؿϷˣڸô죿
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˭˭˰ն뼸ְˣƫƫ֮֡
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708ͻ飨2

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ԼҹֿϷˣֹ
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Խ룬Խòޣ̧ͷŭҴôҸ
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˸أǰ˳˿ģСӿɵãԼҪߴգȥԹ˭
ЩϷ˲ֻܶϸʱҲǳڰȫǣŻ᲻һеȥȲ֪ݡ
Ϊź
ܻܿںȴô˿ȫˡ
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𵽵ףɴֱȢ棬ôһҾ͵ͬڸ̫Ůˡ
ȢĻֵʺǰʱһҪ

Ϸְһڣѩе档
ѩĶԼ̫λҪˣòУʱڳֱ̫࣬סˣҪôȢɣҸʵɣ취ѹסʺ̫ӵµĻ𡣡
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ѩ룬̫ӵǰλ԰ֲϽĻԼ磬Ҳð֣
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ȥҶȥʱûĲң
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ڵϿ޵òѣŮ֮ʲôûУŮ׵ġ
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մĻڳȲ裬ʺ٣¶죬ĸôˣ
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709㲻ޣҾף3

յʱ䣬汻ͻҴү¾ʹ÷з
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˲²⣬ǲ˽飬ֲΥʺͻ飬ѩôһֻΪ˳µһ
˵һҵļҷȻܵɡ
Լڷޣ޵ĲЩԣԼҲ̫ӵŮˡ
ѩǱԱƵֻܶڸҲȥ
֮ǰΪ׼̫ÿ춼ȥ磬ڷ˼ϣ֪ģͲöǼԽԶԽãĻš
ѩսսÿնҪȥһ游׸̫Ǳ߿ʲô̬ȡ
׸ֻܰο˼롣
ģɵĻѩ˰أӰζƵͷϡ
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ѩƷΣֻͨŮҡ

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ʵʤĲأֻóϵĶһԴ档
æѴӦ͸ֻɺ׶ˣɽҲû˼ȥҶᣬǿ飬Լ鷿һؾһ졣
Ҳûȥ԰ЩϹΡǡ
࣬ɫˮк͸֦߲׺ڵϡ
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Եţɻ֯Ůӣ뱧㡣
Ρûٶţ˻ŵԪ꿼꣬Ǳϵؽ档
ûвӦģͷá

ʮ壬ԪȥҶң˴ϼС̧ȥͽһԴ㣬Ϊ˲뵱½ʱµɲ֮
ϴյģСӺߵò˼δ
ԪƤȴֱȥҪ
ҶԼ׹ȡݸ
ԪߴϵСң
С˵ϻԪЦŻû
Ҷʣ˵ȡŹȥһꡣ
Ԫü·ݵĻڣȢ˭
Ҷ²ŷӦ˵ǡȢǡȡյõһۣ̫ˣ
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ҶԼֳԱŲŲ˵ĶԣһʼͶͼı졣
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Ҷỹͷһ֪Ƥô񣬶˵ʲô߰ģС죬ϵҲûУ
㿴Ԫ˵
Ҷͷ
Ԫͷӡһǡ
ҶὩסˡ
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ԪһתҪǿУ㻹޲ޣ
ޣҲŲҶŶͷоǵطȵ
ִٲ˫ֲ֪ķŵӣɹԪЦ㲻ޣҾס

710Χ

󣬹֯˽״Իԡ󹬲ִ֡ΪɣʺԡҪչˡΪɣ˵ɵȼλʥݡ
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Ҳոյ֪ʺڹǸСŮĻͨʱһ£漴ʣĸ״Σ
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712ˣ2

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̫ӵûӦһɵ˱㿪ʼڦֲǣ̫²Ϊ΢˽ã͢һŮ֮ңѲǼ٣档
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Ρʽĺ󱳣ģзִ硣


˵Ϊ֮߱ӱѺ˸ѩ㵱ƿȥ׸
游
׸ںͼλͬ飬ܲܽЩãͬţüô⸱Ӿܳˣ
ѩ㼱ŵ±ץ˸ˣǲģ
׸ɫ̫֮߱ӣԲѣȻҪȥͷһӡ
̹˾ӣô߱ѩ˻һʲôᣬ游һð򡭡
û˵꣬ͱ׸ϣ֣Լ˶ûȬʲô˵޹
ѩһʱ
Ƭ̺ҧҧҵģѹͲ̫ӡ
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716ʺΣ2

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ѩһӱס
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׸ΡǵжԹϵԼΪŮóóȻΡ˼ҲɲŹ֡
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ΡԵϣ̫ӳµĴڣ԰ܻ꣬нİ취
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ǰһˣС̸Žȥ
޹վ˰Σ̾תȥź

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סߣûеһʱȥ˸ȻصĶϸʰȫѰ顣
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ȵǻƵĺ죬̵رĶ࣬ÿһζҪȥţȻڡ
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⼸գһֱڻԲѵУԪҲûţ˼˰ַ׳죬ǲһЩȴǶ̫Ӳġ
ݵмʱ̫ӣ˶вڳ֤Ҳ˵ʱܿܲûеڳ
ԪΡǰţôֻֿԡ
Ρͷʾ˵
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µġ
һֱԼûôԪһ뵽ֿĻֹס
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мĵգ޹ڷŻѾתѣΧʺҪؾ
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⻰
ζСũŮǶʳȱģȮŮĸɾ

717

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ڴڼ䣬˽źĴ޹Լǰ̫࣬û˵üĹʲôڴ˴Ρɱ¼̬ȾΡ
빬֮Ǭ幬صŽϣ˵󳼣һܳĶȥ̽Ӷܣֻб̫ҽÿڹ涨ʱΪ
Ҳؿƿֶ¡
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׸뵽֮ǰһʱȸֳǸͷ̫ģһΡƲĲλ

ʵ۲ֱ̫Ⱥף㷲ĵڣðһͬûᣬԳ̫ڽϵ֯Ϊֻ̫عŷңǰǵ;Уɱ޶ŪðĻ̻̣ӣǶ̫ӵá
䡰̫ӡĺһոǹһա
ͬûĶд龩ǣ֮ɫ䡣
ǲϳһ죬վڣһɫء
ͬû²ٵˡд󳼼ߵ׸Ϊڸ֮ףʱվ˵仰øȥһĲٳͬûŰ裬񵽾ǣֻ²ֹǳٴң¶Ҫˡ
׸Ǹ͵ˣʵ۶ûôǿͷǧذλ󳼵Ļ˻ȥ˵ԼȻҪְɱϾͷϻλӣλǶ϶ϲԼġ
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ôͬûᣬǵ̫֮ˡ
׸ȥѡΡ
ΡϹ˵һй˷˾飬ÿվ̸ֽϼһӦĵͽ
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ΡٽȻͣ׸ǰǲʱûʸ˵ֻܵͷӦ¡
£ԤУֲͬΡǰȥ׸Ǵͬûֳ㣬๫֣Ҳϣȥ
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ۿһȣһȥ
Ρ۵⻮ȻԷҪǱһԸ

719ɱ1

˽ҪĹͷǻ˵ʲôҪΡһߣδΧ֮ⱦˣҹȲϣ˯
СޣֻҪ˭С
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ͷİɣһᱣõġ
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׸ɲǰչλöԸƾŽӶĳ£͸Ҷ϶Ѳ˸ϵ

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ͬûĶǸ֣ĿȻΡÿ˶ͼһӽ
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ҪȳҴ߰ɣԪ뵽ǰУΡܵһ˺ĻңͷΡ
ΡɨһȦŨü΢壬ٵȵȡ
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⿿ǽֻȫû
ðסȴߡԪܲˣһקסΡĸ첲
ʱ֪˭ݺһѣԪǰˣһֻֻ߬Ρĸ첲һֻеĽֱֱΡš
͸عǵԪһ˲հס

720ʬ2

Ķر磬Ÿʮ£ϾѾƮѩӣХţӹǴССİ
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721λ

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722ľ

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Ѿһʱʼûõ۵Ĵ١
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ʵɽǬ幬ĿΪ̽۵ʵ顣
¿ϺƲĹۣЩɵۡ
һжԼƲĲһƺʲô


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723֮

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Ҳţѩȥ˸ѵ´ǰұ㳢ʹʧӵζ

724ȥʣ1

ŽĶӣŭⱩȴǲֻЭãҴӦ㣬ֻҪŵұȥ˸̫ӽӳ
ھȥѩŵϵδɶһ˫۾죬Ʒŭĸʨ
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ɼȷû϶ֵ˼Ҳ΢΢ɶǲҵģαΪһ˶巴ĿɳδػĶ顣
Ϊڣһصȥ𣿡ѩͻȻСҾҪ޸Ǳ嵱͸ҲԸ첻ˣҳδޣ㲻֪նжˡΪ˶Ȩȫڱֺؽ˸Ҳˣȡǰںεأ𣿡
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근Ļֱͦܿܣı²ɣ˼ǲܣûǷ޿ڣȻ֣ҪɱҪ㡣
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۰Ѻ֮󣬴ǲűվ
֮ǰʯµѩʱһ̧ͷ㿴ڵԵķ
жأŮƺߵĶܹâ䣬Լ󹬳ǰԵȻʧɫ
޹أǱǣġ
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ԣ΢̣Ҳ޹ġ
ɸɿֳֵô룬ô㣬ǱԸ¶ˡ
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ʱɣֳּ֮ǰҲϣټ㡣
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ۿһȣֳǡ
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룬תͷŴ޹ˣô̫ҽ
޹ŵҪΣ͸Ȭˣڰ
̫ʣüͷңô£
޹ʶ˹һۡ
صͷ
޹Ρͷſʼ渵Ҫӱ߾һݾ˵𡣡

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ȻʥȴǸʱ̫ҽ˥ߣս£Ȼ׼ڴսǰѻλ̫ӵ£֯˻ʼΧԣΪģԲһԸ
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730ģ1

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ʱͻȻͨһ
޹͵һʱ߳ȥڱĵذϣͻȻ˵
̧ͷ޹Щ΢ƣŵĻǷʵ
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ҪȻΪʥΪλôһֱϳ޹ݣƫƫҲ֣ʱñ¼˲顣
û뵽˸ü֮յ༯׼ܱʱֲ²⣬ʵĿĿܲǷ̫ӣǽ財ԶݵĹø½۵ίʱϡ
ϣöϰæúഫȥݡ
ʵҲȷʵˣ޵÷֮ǰ鱻̫ӺͰٹٸˣ˻ᣬ÷ȼһй÷ؾ˭Ҳ
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Ρи㡣
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7312

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Ρס
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ΡסŲͼææسܡ
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Ρʣˣ
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СһҪʲôŷ
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£ݸ㻤й˾Ӧ͡
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ԪգգۣǸʲô³
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ڰɣԪ뵽ǸСȴ͵游ĹȻӲôϲôǰһѡ
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ϲǡ
Ԫ֣о仰˵ޣۣ˵ҶѾδˣǼҶɱϲˡ
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732ͣ1

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˶㸸ʻ˵ˣʺ˶ѳ飬ڵУһ»ʺôıֻջʺ󡣡
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ô죬ʺͿͨ͸ˣһ֮λкβɣ
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ʺζӵλô꣬ȻܲӦ
һȿ봫λԸܰݿƳٵĿԶɱҡУκ
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صΡǻûߡ
վˣ¯ȡů֮ʣΣ
侲صĸӦ֮ǰʹӦ˸Ըһ
۵ӣ˽ģǻռҰѿض꣬Ȩ֮ϲһжƿԼУȻᣬͱضǰʺͨ
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ĸһּܲҵ˻ʵԺ󣬲ʲô¶ᣬʲôﶼܶ顣
ĸ˵öԣͬΪ˳Զǡ
˵ţֽͷѩȥ㽫߶ԶվߣøĸһңԶ㱳ʵĶƣļҡ

һһϸ˵˹ۡ
㱨ߣЩԶ̫
󣬷Ը޹ȻѾӦͲڹˣ׼һ£ͳȥ
޹ԥҪҪȥͨһ
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ǰ̫½ۺͷһ񣬡үԵȣжҪλ
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733ʦžۣ2

Ǭ幬հʺ˵Ĵ޹Ҳͬʣվȼݵĳ˻ͳΡδˣΪβ
῿ţûֱӻشֻʣ˼ּ
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ּ۽̫һǻΡΪʦּдگ

Ρ˵ϵʱ򣬽½Ժ棬ԱвѾС˿š
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ѰһۣɵѾͷе㹫סһģⲻ𣿡
ҲŲܡ˺ߣǮ׵ģסҲӦ
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734ƣ1

һ˳Ժٰȥ
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˾и²ֿ⣬ʮֿ㣬רسƷޡ
ЩޣƽʱǼģֻд̵ʱŻᱻų
һֻʨ״ĳΪͷӦһֻɶߣպܹţÿ̤һоذ嶼ڶںĳߴС࣬ȥ״ӣʵ򴦴ǻأ͵ϮؽԿɣִѩܷ
ÿ߹һֻ·Եİնᷢ̾ϸԹΪΪԺС
׳۵ĳ棬񶼿Ѫȡ
ȷƬ½ϣǱǿĹңȴǵһģ޲ͶսĹҡ
һ㣬óΪ֮Ϊ֮ԺţĽʿػ߽һ̫ƽʢ
յΣǶսʿĹ衣
ڻԵʿǸӣ뻮һһʾƽѵء
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Ѱʮͬλ˵ȷΰָñ˼ס
˵תͷΡ
ΡӦĸģһȥ̫ӵΪ̱

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ͬûᱻʮϰٻ޿ε׳۳˲ţļϣٲ֮ǰζ
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739ĸط꣬1

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740ǲ㣨2

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741·ֿˮȣ3

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742ӦöЦЦ1

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743ǲ½2

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˳һڣ̽Ҷ֬ɫ֪ģҼȻܿ꣬ⷽȻ˽⣬ķɫе֬ɫ䣬ţԣ
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½ʣСô־򣿡
˳뵽ԼСʱɵĴ¶Щ飬治ɫȻҿǼ̳ҵ²ģҪһĴ

ļ죬˳Լдһ½ɣÿݿɣǰһվܿһ֬Ů͡
̶գ˳׬ᣬ½ÿģ˿죬ֻܿǰĿˡ
ԼվһܣòĹ￴Ҳ޶ԡ
˳Ĺ˿ͶŮӣ֪ƣ͡ĸʮ½˵վˡ
½ûʲô仯䵭ģ˵Ҳ磬Լûꡣ
ûҲҪվˡ˳վȥԼⷴµ֮ǰǲ˵õģ⣬˸ҵôãһûУҪٺú룬ʲôûָܸҵ
½ҡͷá
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Ѿҵ½ָֻϧԡ
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ģ˳ûеõλֵĻش
һʮ죬˳˵԰½ͻسǣֱȥ¸ӡ
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744ܷߣ1

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745ͬһĻڣ2

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ԪȻ޻˵
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746뿼1

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;УǿƵ˵ԷŰҪˣϲ
óԷǳĳڵϲԪȴѰ
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ԺʱѧǺˡ
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Ԫһ¿ˮ̵ļƣ˯˯ˣҪЦЦɣֲں
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Цã˵аɣ˵ʲôʲô
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747λҽ㣨2

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½岻ʣȥ
׿Ҳȥȥˣұȥ
½üͷȥʲô
׿Ҳ룬ֱӵ˵Ҫҡ
ȥұڱ㡣
˶ڣôң׿ֵȥɣݵضչ˺ܶ˵İգо飬ܰæġ

748뱻Ǹ˲


Ѱ׳üչҪʲôѣܸ߹ĸֻҪŤתƣĸһȫ㡣
˵ƽʵͱռݴ롣
Űϵӣøľд˽ȱļζҩģǰȥˣʣ࣬Ŀǰһʱû취ôࡣ
Ѱ룬£ȥ졣
֮⣬ɻʲôҪҰæĵط
̾ǰ鱨˵̽Ǳҵҩ;л⣬֮ΪҪĸã˭ȥʣ
ѰüĻôҩĵ˱뾫ͨҽУҩı;ϲ͵Ầ˰ա
ҵĵǴ¡ͬصͷ
ѰɵﾫͨҽĶۼ̫ҽԺˣ̫ҽȥͣ᲻Щðգ
ҵиΪʵѡֻҪЩʱ䡣˵
Ѱɻ󣬡˭
λպɡ
Ѱ㶡
ЩȻ£ɵĴȴ٣Ϊʮƾʵ˼壬߳λ꣬һҽһö
Ѱ֪ϴΡǰͬû̸бˣƻʱϵľɵģΡˡ
ûǽͦѰô̫ŵù
νʶ϶ƻǸӣƷж˷ɣȥض°빦Ҳܷġ
У㾡ϴŰɣѰ˵ϴݴţҼ˺࣬ɵͦ죬úഫһܵˡ

Ѱصϣ½廹μ׿Ҳڡ
ѰϴЦôã
׿û˵һʱ俴½塣
½·ûߣԹԵ⡣
׿Ŀ⣬ѰˣҪȥһȥ
壬أѰü΢˵˲ȥôҪȥˣ
½ȥ̫ӣô˵
Ѱ˿ڲŵأҪļζҩģﲻõطٰųＯС
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Ѱһ֪ڴʲô⣬ϹĥˣȥǽɣûϷ
½컨ǮȥϢʱ򣬾ʹƹˡɡ֣Ӷ֪ǶĽʿļһÿٵĵУôɫģΪ͢ˡ
ȻǽɣԳ͢ĹȴС
֮⣬ϵʮóҽͶ
ҩȥ߾ֺûﲻԣ½ȷûȥıҪ
ȥɱ׿˵Ǹ˻ź
Ѱ˵һ绨СҸɾ˲ȥֵطǸû׶ģͱϹˡ
׿òȥˣѰһ˵ʰ˼ˣҲȥ֪սΣգɸո˵ˣߺأҿȥæչ˵ġ
㣿Ѱɵô
׿ͷݵض꣬˺ܶˣҵʱֳæտ˲˰գ֪ôտ
ѰûҪӦ˼ȥֻǣ뾡һѡ
׵ڰǰûˣ޸̸֮ûȾ޸ĸǣңֻҪ̸ħצȥġ
¶Ѱò⣬ֻ½塣
½忴Ѱ˼ڵҪȥģԼ£޹ء

ξ͵ɽׯѰҲͨԼϢʡãõطٰѵҪҩչã͵ݡ
Ǵս֮ʣΪΪ֮£ƻȻƴǣŸ˵׮Ӧˣ֤Խҩһ˿͵

£㹫ǱϾð֮ɫߣһ÷֪ıҡ
Ҫ֪ǵİնڵŻΪʹʹشӮⳡ̡
ֻҪ˵ڣ޻Ŀҵ
˵ˣ롣
˵ڶϳֻδᣬֻðٹ˵£˳֮ȥ鷿ۡ
Ѱճδκ˵ɡ
ⲢͲ֪佫֮ҡ
ҶҶ齭ǱΪ½۱ϵģֵ¾˽ϢҶûҲ֪ˡ
ɵԼܵõϢ͢ôһ֪ܿ뵽̫ӹϢðվš
Ҷͬ˼ˣûϺҶ֪ȴò⣬ҸԲߣȥΡ
⸴Ҷ齭һͱ½۵ˣڱ
λһֱΪθսҲ񹥴Ǵһ˳룬˾Ȼô𣬴򲻹޾ߡ
̫ˣһȭСϡ
ϣҵսϵˣҵôģôأû׼ǶΣգʦ㣬˵Ǹô찡
η㶼ܵõϢ˵̫ӵһ֪ˣֻΪ˲վţŲ˵ɾţ˽ҲһжôŰɣɣȥ飬ôŵģеҪȥԮû׼лȥ
Ҷɾһʦ㣬Ҫȥ
Ҳܿҵ¡
òػһܰԶ˹ףβϣҸֻ꼻һ֡
ҶɼûԥҪȥ㡣
ȥˣô죿ε˵μѾӣѮҪ׵ģһߣ˭ţ
Ҷҭһҭ
ȷʵǷŲ°ɱսôԼż縺ΣܵʲôС
ߣǵڱ£һӶĵġ
뵽ˣҶɸӼᶨҪȥľģʦ㣬ţȥ̽һϢϸ㡣

β֪Ҷɵʲô취һĹʹ̽ˡ
ʡطٶչҩݣû´Ӧǰ½ˣҩһ׼ãϱضǰҩʱװ϶߾ˡ
ϣЩԥԺﲻȻһ˫տ۾
һ˫̴ܴƤֱӿ˼۾
Ϊ˵õϵ洫ѾܽڲԼ˼ǱһۿԼװȥһΡ
뵽䲻˸ɣûбİ취
Ҿ취ͦõİҶɵʦϸ룬ҩǾӣȥֻʲô³ϾͲһˣʶǣ㱻𴩣ʱϵ飬׾ܺŪȥ
ᡣ
ᱻ𴩣Ҳ뱻Ǹ˲𴩰

749߷£1

ҶɻؼҺ󣬸˵Ҫȥ
һӽȥʲô
̫ӶûߵϢ©ҶȻ˵ֻһʱʡطٲҩǰսʿأҵĵȥ
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ǵûСҶɵĻ٣ѵͷƥ𣬸οһǸ佫ʱ˵ʲôܶڼ̰ͼݡ
ҲֲȥϾôһ˫ŮȻԸ⿴һ£ͺúڼҴţȥ
Ļû˵ҶҲӦˣһסϣɲȥ
Сӣ
ˣѮĻڣҪˣ˭ãܲμͷӰɣ
ϰѸ첲ִԴ֪ô黹ƫҪȥͲĳɸף
ҶǣҲڣдܱţʱҶඣˣһȥ
˵תҪߡ
ϻסСһһҪ˲ȥ
ҪȥˣָߡҶɵ˵ˣޣܲȥս³ԽɣҲ˵ġ

ûȥҶԺӵҶɻطʰһ¶ڼϣСȥ
С˼ջҪߣɻ󣬡ӣҪĶȥ
ȥһʱ䡣Ҷɽü΢¶Цݡ
֣սӺͬһҹŻӵǰͣ¡
Ѿƾˣ紵ҡڲͣ治ɫҲȱ첲ȣƲдʲô
Ҷɷǰ
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ֻҪʱʽܿͻ߷£ɫʽƷ޼ֻϴЩǮȴ˵öࡣ
Ҷ֮ǰھӪʱֵ˵صҹġ
طƾɣͷĲ÷ȴæýŲմأɼҲȫǮˡ
վһϾи˳ӴһӭЦݣӵƹ񣬡֪͹ʲô
࣬ҶͳʮСݸҷɽׯУ
⡭ƹûӣɫʮԥ
û¹Ҷ
ȷû¹ƹİ̾Ҫ͹ȥĵض򣿡
ҶƫȥǼǲҷ»ǲ£
ƹһү͸ְ̧ɣС⣬˭Ҳҵɽׯ
ҶˣⵥմʮƱ𣿡
ƹ۽һ飬ת˲ЦСеˣˡ
ҶɷƤ۾ɨɨæµĲ÷ǣܲҵģҼá
ƹĽʮƱʮСսеͷֻͷһη£ٶЩҪա
ʲôҶɵɴӣˣأʮ¶𣿡
ƹĲòʹƱСͳȻ͹ٵȲˣֻȥˡ
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ңû˵ҷµ񣬿죬׼һͳأ
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ƹ˵УûƷҪʱ䡣
аɣ졣Ҷɲͷذڰ֣ûɱҳˣʮ
ǣǡƹЦй
ĿҶԶϵЦȥӣֱȥԺ鷿ĥдõļֽСͲڻһֻ׸룬Űȵ֮ŷɳȥ
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ھкܶవ׮ӱһҶҪ߷ɽׯУƹȻõһʱ
·ʵһֻҪķʱ䡣
·ȴڼûͬǰҶɰѻߡ

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ƻյţѾպ
ϰдģص⽫Ҷɵ˵׼߷Уĩʼ·ǲ
ƻ׾ָţպ󵱼ʻһʡ֡
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ʮʮƻ״ӣ˸óҽͶ۲ȶһġ
ζ¶ʮԣڻ¡
ϿôͻȻɽׯˣʮʮֺ档
ƻƽ˴α֮У;ˡ
˭ʮˣѵ̫ӲϣصذƷ׸ߵĻ
ضʣʱ֪
ƻİ˸֣סʮ죬Ҳ˼ȥͷ

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飬һȻµøһ
Ǳġƹվһԣ͹ٿɻ⣿
Ҷϸ˷⵹ˣЧʣҹά
ƹĳ֣ͷһɽׯĶǰԴ˩ڿϸµģٶЩҲпԭǵְ𡣡
Ҷһƨĵõ
ۣԣķֳߴ羹ȻֺԼûߴ硣
Ҷһ棬ȥƷʱ򣬻˳ҵĳߴ磿
ǵûСƹһЦҸʱãκҸǰһվҾܿߴ磬趯
Ҷ֪ΪʲôԶȱˡ
Ⱦһеģ
Ȼһ£ˣҶһ䣬ܷ·ܷܲ

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²⣬㶼׼ʲôˣ
Ҷװ·ĺӣһǡ
ϤɫϤϹƣʮֲ˼飬͵ģ
ûйһݡҶ°ͣ˸߷µģɣ
񡪡ˣϧ˲񣬾ȥᱻ֡
ôˣҶ֪֪ԪؾʱľǾʬΪʲôδˣ
Ҳɹ£ֻһֱڶûͨΪʲô
ġҶ˵

ԡҶɵͷǹһױı£ܰԭòһˣð˾ŷ񡣡
λͷһ˵񼼣˼ǣʱûڵ϶ˣȥ
ҶɴָôŰɣ߷´ʦѾҵˣһˣȿҪλٸǻ
ξֱǶһ٣αأűֱӸȥ
Ҷɣ˵˭

750ˣ2

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Ҷʦô֪Ƽһȥ
ҭһҭʣѵ𣿡
ҶɣۣʦԴűˣҪҪһҵĸܣ
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˵úܶԡҶɳգգۣϰȥˣһʶô죿
ľ˺ܾãʵڲУھдȥݣƼͨͨڡ
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Ҷӣ㿪ڣһӦӦô죿
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Ҷɳûҵİ취أҩ˭ʶǾͳûǵӸϣȽ˾Ӫ˵ˣȥᾭǵȥǶš

ߵ£ͬû˵ʰʱη״ȥģƽ˵ȥׯɢɢġ
ηȷ£ûʣ˵ȱʲôֻܸ˰š
꣬ҪҪ
ȥػһϱЩΣġ
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ηţĵĬĬ֮̾ǰԶ˵̫ˣʹСôܴȥҲãھӪﲻǺ¡
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Ҷڳ
Ҷɣ⻹иüĿӣҶɿеġ߷´ʦˡ
ˣҶʣûֶ߰ɣ
εͷ˵ȥׯϣͦĵġ
Ǿͺã²˳ٸϿϵĳӡ
Ҷ˵ţתͷһӱӣǰܣϲŸνӣ˵ǰǸ߷УĴʦ졣
ϣһűӣһֻܳʦͷʾ⣬ʹʦˡ
ʦҵӶ࿴ۣ죬ԣԵԡ
ԣ
ҶǺݺݳ˳飬ȴڶͶʱϻָ

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Ҷص˸λúõĲ¥ûﶼЩʲôˣ˽ź֣룬һȥͿƻ
ϵҩĶţʣղֻԿףһʮֻ
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鲻㳤ȴһǿ
ϰռ״׷óһ
¥ϣҶˣ
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ҲƻȴҶƽö࣬Ͼûʼαװõıֻ룬һҪôӽƻȻԼȥ׼С
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ҶһƨɸԵԣмɰǺŪȥ
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£ϸԿڸ˵æŶԡ
ƻ˵µβ֪ô½ӡ
ĬһҲŤ飬Ŀתֱʣô𣿡
ƻߣϵѾϱ͢Ǵеͬ˾״һҩʧܣҪек
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뿪˵ʲôȴƻѾߵԼǰ߳ͷͦдһѹȸС
ǳӸλĻƽƽ׽ˣЩҲǲܱڸסġ
ܿƵ˰벽ԴʧˣΣ
˵׼ݣ֪ǲη㹻ܰҩȻ͵
ξãߵĿԸ
Ȳ˵ϵӸ׿ƾ˲ƻԳɽǾͱضж
ε˵ԼĿģ˱ӵϢΣû֪ҵҵȥ
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ĿǱˣֻҪۼȻƻʲôܵȥ
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ϱѡûüﾡТԼøı³
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ΪϵѾϽ޿ɸģƻǲӣκҶɶǵ֡
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ɣҶƲƲ죬Тж죿֮ģҪ̫ƣǶͼϸ룬һʮּܽˣͷж򵥣֮԰㣬϶бĿģҲֻŻɵǸ۲۵Ĵˡ
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Ȼû䣬ΪҶɽȥһŸ˵䣬һǸЦһ·ղ֮ǰôš
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հˣȻԴУۿ̽źĵҪаҩĵӣ˦Լ彣ʮ밵̽ĵײĽð̽һ飬أγûγҶɵ彣һɨǰ̽ء
ҶɱˮĶһһ㶵ģʦ书ʲôʱ־ˡ
漴عһѽԼ󣬴аԼ彣һң赶Ūģֲ³һ߶ȥ
û̸磿ŭ
˵꣬ͱҶһѡ
һƣƻ
μһƨɵȥģβ׵ˤþۣ̲סƺһ
ʱԭڵ˵ƣͷĴ򶷳յøҲҡ
ŵƻμסܲܽһ䣬Լⴳ
ֻǻ꣬ʹƻ´ɤ²ǣ
λеʽĵͷ¡
¾ͽȥ
ʹվתͷ
ԭΪῴһгѵ޳棬룬ƻѹû˯һӣһ굶ƣƺӣ
ξˡ
ϵ뱱వ̽üѪȣȻӣĵж
֪ðڳķӦκǺЦƼ¡
ƻָָһԵգ
վţɣȥ濴
ƻ˵ǣ
νŲһ٣ȷǣƼˣҲþ¡
ƻ׵ĵ˫ֳŵӣڴԡ
ֿĵӣ൱ĵȴʮֺΰβŷӦǺԽԽˡ
ǣԦǣ
ξˡ
ǰ˵ϵЩûۼԦͷһοۡ
ֻƻڣԱһյµƣλƣĵֵѵ˫΢Щףﴫһ֡
ͻȻͲúˣҲٵĴ򶷡
ڣƺʲô£뵽취Ϊġ
žνģȫС
ǵԦǣоˣ
ͷǵĻƻĵѱవ̽Ȧ취ˡ

סЪʱһƬǽ壬Ѫζ졣
ǰȥ̽ĵӻ˵ҹİ̽˴룬Ⱥ˺ò֫ϱۣʣµһ볷ˡ
ʮֲ⣬ΪʲôʱȺֻవ̽ǣ
ƷЦЦЩȺǱ˴ģѵʱҳûϵҩ֪ŪϣڵĿ£ȺֻζȻˡ
λǺɻ󣬡ô֪Ⱥǰ׼ģ
ȥʱĵѾã͵ˡ
Ʒ㡰һ΢ϵ鱨һ㣬Ͷͨ˳ˡ
ðɣһֱ̫͹ϵıˡ
̧ͷƲƳ
磬עǸˬĺ
ʱҶͻȻӺĳһŵضʦ㣬ûôɣ

752ˣ1

ξҶ˵Ի·棬ټ򵥵ⶼܱӻ
һ뵽ԼȥıĻش𣬡ûУһ϶Ƕء
Ҷƺ˿̾ϢʦôҪǱ£Զڱ͵ȣ
ǸҶɵʱ飬һӴ
ҹһޣҶˣһûм̣һֳ˵ĵϢʱзſʼ·
లɱֺ̽ʱʱؾͳ֣Ȼеӱ˵ͷǶʮţû
һսݣݣϽ뱱ؽ硣
һҹҪ˭ûҺۣȫڿջԺ۲ضװҩӡ
Ʒ㣬ǲֻҪҹǾͳװȫˣ
Ʒһ˵׼ı飬ҹֻ²̫ƽ
Ҳоˣ֮ǰǵģᱻ̽һ·׷ɱȻ֮ƺ̽ǾͻȻʧˣһֱڣŲͬѰİ
ְǱǰƽ
˶Ʒ߿ԸҩΧĵӣҪ֤ҩһǮٵؽ뱱
ǣ
ڵ롣
ƻ֪ȥˣһֱû֡
ɨۣûӰԦǵһҹ
´ݣΣңֳܼ취
ѹϼѡ̳ˣֱӴλСɡ
ͣȷʵ۷
˼ţʱôСˣ϶Ų̣Цеģλ͹٣СͲ衣
Ʒ㲻ȣӣм˿ڿʣͽ˲衣
ܸҩģǾӢӣж϶һ裬ȷ˲ûҩ˲ſʼȡ
СЦָϡ
Ǽ˺ȵòˣ˳ȥ
һСԺĳƺɻ١
ƷʱʱڳĻżôû
汻˸ס˰ɣҶ˵
ûܣƷ㵱񶨣Ѿͻʦ磬ƾǼСආס
ҶƲ죬Ϊʲô
ƷЩôʲô
ûĻܺںܳ
ջﱾ֪ͦʲôʱ
Ʒ˸ɫһӡ
ǵϳȥ֮̽˵ջͻȻ˳߼۰ƹҪѾסĿȥһִ
Ʒ㣬ʦ֣һƹԺǣ߻ǲߣ
Ʒü˵
ֱǱ˵Ĺƣǰҩ˳ȥĵڳû֡
Ȼ꣬ƻƮƷ㣬ˣ˳ȥ
Ʒһ̧ͷͼƻݶϣҹɫ̫ڣƲ
ƷɵǱ˵Ĺơ
С˽ͲʱмˡƻջףǴ˴ҩȫը٣취ǲɢģֻаӵʱתơ
ԣɫޱ䡣
θ̲סһ¡
׵ž˲֪˲ռôլӣǱⶫһϦ֮Ϊƽصģӣ֮ң壬˵ƤӵսᣬȫʬҲ
죬ȰҩƷ㽹ָš
Ѿж£ʮֻӹ⿿һʱѰȥܰȥҲܲ˶Զ
ˡƻԼ٣£뿪ܶԶܶԶٵȥ˶
Ʒ㾪ֻһˣһ뱱Ǿ˳͢񡣡
˵ţƷ˵ʲô΢
Ʒҧҧһᣬ
ǷӣƷ⳷
ҶɼվŲһѣʦߡ
εĿƻϣƼ㲻𣿡
ǵƻ˵ϴ˷˾״ģһʧܣҪек
ҩǱյľҩʧˣζŻиİձĥҪôе
Уոƻ㣬ˡ
룬αҶקԺ
Ҷʮⶼʲôʱ㻹Ҫ̣ҪǱըûˣôȥ
ûǻһܣһͷ߽źԺ
˳ȥԺƻ̲סһѪ
Ϊ˶ԸӲյһֻ֧ʱŻĶλʦŸ֣ƻˡ
ٻ֪ͨӳѾĹӳԺʲô£λʦڿջڣߡ
β֪ԼôҶܵģֻ֪ÿһüҹεۡ
֪˶ãջءһ죬һһŵŨϰգ֮ǰƻͨĿջ˲ѵŵþУҹļžƣȼյٲȺıܵĺ˵ĶĤ
ѾӳԶܸоذ𶯣һ
һ¥ķʽԼǰ˵׼ǾһЩǵĸһЩû
ҶҲЩ£Ǻȷôߵ书Ӧòµİɣ
Ʒ߹ŻѣοȦǺģֻǻЩˣߣȥʮǻϡ
ֱˣʮû𣿡
ˡƷһ泯ǰһֻͣǱ·߰
κʲôʵҩʮǱߵˣעĻӣ
ƷͷҲҩȫǳҪǼ֣˱ġ߿Щҩҹǽ뱱ݵİ̫ˣвУüѪһ
һΣҵһ˼ƥޣ˹һɿǰš
ʮʮǵˣߵǰ·ȻܴĵŪҩװţǷˮͰ
Ͱмв㣬װҩˮ
ɣʱ磬ǽྐྵ졣

753Ǳ2

Ʒһˣʮڵһվأ
Ʒɨۣȷû˸ţŽͨ뺽ʮ²˳٣ϽǣһҪ콫ҩ͵Ӫ
ʮ߬ͨ뺣һ飬ģ
ƷƫͷŨڵĿջ򴽣һȥҪ̡
ʮüĽţʮƲԣקһѣϿ߰ɡ
ֶƷʣµ£ͽˡ
Ʒͷʮû˵ĵӸǣλǼԸҪرյģӪɡ
ʮһϳΣ񣬡졭ôǣ
·˵ɣεవ̽ܿͻ׷ǵߡ
ŶáʮӦʮߵˮߡ
ʮݺݵصƷ㣬ҪǼʲô¶Ҷ㣡
Ʒɫû˵ʲô
Ӱæˮǰߡ
֪֮ͨҩģ˳ŷǳȥ
Ʒǵవ̽ʮһ·˳öࡣ
Ӫʱո
һվ¥⣬ҪܷС
ʲôҶɵ˽ţʲôƹأ
ԣʦǹңôܱ
ʮҲΪѵΪ׵Ĵ󽫣ܲͨһ£һλܲ
뻢üĴ󽫳ãУǾ棬ؾߣֹڣ
̬Ⱥܼ
Ҷһʲô˵ģ
˵ǰſ˫ۣҵһҽȥ첮Ůˡ
ļλ׹Ů׷ҭһҭɫʷ׳ʣûȥ
ҶɱһһӪ⸴Ӫʣææ˹ȥ
׵ʿţǸİˣæסʲôģ
ҶļУ⽫ҶҪ
һʿϽȥͨ
ܿ죬⸴˳Ҷɵòһ漴Цֶôˣ
Ҷɼ⸴ȣȾߵӣʱģЦŻص˵أʦĲ£һģ¥ǱҪýʦ㱻ˣȥͨͨڣôţҲʦһɣ
⸴˵Ҳһ壬һŮңôԶʲô
ҪӪͰٰ㲻ͬ⣬ʵֲŮӣֻΣѾòˣ񱱽սңߺУôóóȻһô죿
뵽⸴Ҷɣǰ¥Ȼһ۾ʹȺϳΣϵɫΪѿ
һ⸴ɫ֪ˣҲڡ
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ϻȥ
⸴ŭսŮܴĵط
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ѽʦɣҶɵǸôõ·˵һûҵأ˲ҵôˣûбӰ쵽
ް⸴˵ոմȥս÷˰ɣȻȥսǺܿͰʦس
Ҷɲߣһսô̵أͨͨ£ʵ̫ˡ
֣⸴ûˣҲͬ£ûгּ͢˽Ӫ
ʲôˣʱ½۵Ӻ󷽴׺Ǻף¿ñҸ£ͷ΢΢ЩңͫЩѪ˿ɼûٲ͡
ү⸴ʿ״æ
½ʮһˡ
ˮͱˣǿģȫͷ
½۷Ը⸴ܸȾİյҩϴȥַ
⸴ʮһˣǰ
ǵߺ¥ֻʣΡҶɺ½ˡ
үҶе½ۣܲͨͨڣҺʦæ
Ǹϵģ½ע⵽ϵУ
ԡҶæͷҺʦ㶼ǻӪˣܰæ
½룬Ҷ£ﲻУ˻ݳҼҿջס£ϵæ꣬һȥ㣬ؾ
Ҷһˣ˵ʲôһס½۵ͷãһݳǡ
һۿǷƽ£æá
ȻѾ⸴Ȼͳ׷ˣӪصأһŮܽģЩף߰ԵүתҵرԼӣҺɩڼ龩

Ҷɱ£˻ݳǣ֮ǰǼҿջѾ٣û취סˡ
ȴȥ
һֱǵãƻû
ôһըʹͷۣҲ
뵽ЩأܾԼҶɵļ˺ȡ
߻ûֹסֵݳǰĻ̻̣ܶ˶ڼﲻҳ±Ⱦϣ˽ֵʮϡ١
κò˴ǸջλãȥֳƷ㡣
ﲻǳ𣿡Ʒ㿴⣬ôֻˣ
ѾҵˡεھӪֻ˻ţˣҵƼû
ҵˡƷȻɱ˱λʦ˻Բѡ
ͷһģ
ڿջƷ˵
ܲܣȥǹⲻȥ
ƷͶ޵Ŀջ
ƻķ¥
һƿţͷƮһ޵Ѫζ
߽ˣ㿴ľ«ƵļӴϣɫᣱ¶ƻѪɫİüɰ˿Եޱޡ
ĪЩܡ
ǽӣ̳Ʒи߽࣬Ǳ

754˭3

Ʒ˵λʦԸһɱ֮һѾҡ
ԣΣοƻгûӣü
Ʒ˵ƻͻʦûãλȴʹ˵ģһȷҡ
Ʒ̾˿ʮɣа취κüġ
̲סʣǲΪҺҶɵļ룬ˣ
޹ءƻҡͷǱһҲ磬ֻ˶٣ɱλʦӽˣⳡսһʱû취
ιȥǵô˵ҪģٶӰ죬ôŰɣŵùңվչ
չˣȻǱϸģƷЩδǡס
ξȵؿһۣԷ֪Լɹֺ£ҲûƣЦֻǾãǼûѾźǲϸģæˣҪǾòף߱ǡ
ǣûǸ˼Ʒ㻹ͷһظŮҴ򽻵ֱԼһʱ֪˵ʲôãͨ죬ҵĻ˹

ջ
ƷںԺҩʱŲƻһβʣȫȥ
֮δˮʪ޽ϸƻ˲ְѱӸǺãڼӴǰԲ£ƳԱߵ¼ϹƻۣȾ˵ѪҸλΪ򶷾ҶѿóԼЯߣŲʻĹߣѿλ÷ãȥϴ֧ժ⡣
ٻʱƻԾɰ˯ţûѹļҲûҪѵļ
δǷſԲ˯ţǱѵġ
ʶӴλãƻ˯ǰ״̬һ΢ɫǲ԰ףûʲôѪɫ
߹ȥĶͷ뿴û
ƻƽ͸߶ȾˣͻȻ̧֣һѿס
ģЩʹ
ڲûгãƻֱ۾شȥƸղŵһжֻǸþ
֣౻ץ۵ĵطߵ֧ժҹϴѣǳʪģоЩ¥ȥѰԵġ
ʱű졣
ȥţƷ㣬Ỵ̈һͼӡ
һǸ緹ˡ
νӹ˵ллƷʣҹΣǷգ
ûСҡҡͷ
ǾͺáƷɿȳ緹ɣȥҩһι
ΰ̶˵ԲϣתȥܱߣˮﵹЩˮ棬ԡ
Ʒҩʱ֮ǰ˭µʲôϣ
Ʒ˵Ĺȣλʦһһƣ˼ΣڣŲֺ֮ǡ
ɫҪʮҽΣ
ʮҩ󵨡Ʒ̾Ĵ򶼲Ρ
λӱ˻ݳʱһ·ΣôأбȾƱȾİն뿪ʱѲҪȥһ˱ӪܷջôȥǸ취һϳô˭Ρ
ƷҲ¸棬Ӫ˶죬ĹŮǰȥ˵Ļܻмȡ
ͷƷˣǾͷˡ
νƷ㼸䣬ߣš
Ʒæȥ俪ţϵӣôˣǵ˵ʮʦֻˡ
Ʒϲ

һӺʮƻķ䣬˲ϸδкֱȥ䣬Ȳ˲ƻӣ֮ƿӣſʼ
Ʒ㿴ʮɫؾ֪Ϊ˲ʮסûڡ
ʱʮ֣һۣҪʩ룬رһ¡
βò˳ȥ˸Լķ䡣

ʮڣʩ룬ǸķӣĹƻɫ
ȻûѣȻָ˼ֺ
˵ôأʦΪʮü˵
ɽׯô꣬δصˡ
ֹʦƷ޺޵ϣǰ͸֣֮ڿջλʦֶԸһ
Զ٣žѻ
ƽƢº͵ʮҲ̲סŭսǳܿܣ༸ʹУֶδ̫
ǴߣΧϼһ˴ʵ̫޳ܣ
ˣֻġƷϵƻ۵׻һĨ

ƻѾǸ磬ۿڼӴǰʮܾﲻԣҲֻƬ̣ȥĵ׵ĺɡ
ʦˡ׻Ǹɣ£侲ԶԣʮȦЩ졣
ƻ̧ԴߵΣ
ˣȹܺԸɣʮ˵ţ˹Բϵİ״룬Ҫιҩ
˯⼸գÿ춼ҩ˿໹ǿ࣬ƻҡҡͷġ
ʮͷȥʢ
͵ŵŵ˳ȥ
ƻɵ̫ãǣ·ȴԭ¼ϵûˣѰңȻ֧ժͷаӰ
ƻ߹ȥԼ棬ѪϴøɸɾҸѿĵطҲϣƽϸܣһǹҵֱʡ
ƻűǴ˼
ֱʮ¥Ķſٽ۴ϡ
ʦô´ˣʮ˵ɫµ߶ء
޷ƻԲǰ£ӹʮС룬Ȼ⼸㣬˭
ûаʮ˵ңֻƷˣԼˣôʦ
ûˡƻջĿ⣬ͷࡣ
ʮһ£뵽ʲôһ䣬ʱ򣬺񿴵ˡ

755״Ԫƣ1

ս죬ûӰ쵽һ쿼ǵӡ
죬Ԫ˿һᡣ
ʵ̫࣬ǿƼ˺þòҵԪоΣ
˵Ԫѵõǫ飬ðɡ
ǿЦЦ˵ɼò
ԼòûáԪڰ֣˿ٵ۲㡣
ΡȻ٣ɿٹаˣһ˵˲㣬Ҫ˵ͳƽһ飬ܵܳ
˳˹ԺԪۼ⣬ԶĹͣһվŵѾźҶ
Ԫû뵽΢
ǿ˳ȥƺʲôЦղмͬĿԷҾһˡ
Ԫͷߡ
ĿǿԶԪ
æҪ
Ԫʳָڴߣ˸ơ
ϻ⣬վһߣû
Ԫڳ⣬ɤӣʣļҸϵС㣬귽Σ
ҶԪɿ죬ҧС죬ߣͽӣΪʲôҪ㣿
ԪüϸߣߣͽӾҪԼˡ
𣡡Ҷᱻŵ˺ö࣬
ԪÿСﱻԼŵ־Сεӣ̲סЦôˣ
ƺЦ顣
ҶǺ޲Ҹطȥ״Σ㡭˭أ
ѽԪ˵ƺδƺʲôԡ
Ҷ᾽ǶҽаҲаˣʲôҶˣ߲ߣ
ԪݸǵİҵıȻܸһƺ
Ҷ˫СԼûȥˡ
һЦһΪԼСˡ
˵үⲻǲãҪ˵үˣȻ˵Ȳýųӵ£С㿪ģ͹ˡ
Сÿμ֮Цݾûͣ
˼С㣬ǲү;Ƶ𣿱𵢸ˡ
ѾһѣҶԼеĿģµİѾ̳óȡһֻƱСϣ򿪾ϣ֮ӣݸͷվŵԪǸġ
ʲôԪĿžƱֻСϣڲסЦ⡣
ҶᱻСһȾϺΣ̵˶Щεġ
״Ԫơ˵ͰԴӺҲӡ
ԪӹƱûеһʱ£ζؿűҶյӣ˵ŻԣҺ״Ԫƣһ֮û״Ԫǲǲˣ
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ɲô˵ɽɽˡ
ǣǡ
ʲôҲӲϻˡ
ͷҶѾƽӣ˭״Ԫȥģ
ŶԪץסؼʣǲΪҿ״ԪΪΣ
ȻǣȻǡҶᱻƵԴһλңðΣһ仰ȻǸĸ֮ý֮ԡ
ԪЦŰǱ£Ҫ޸ˣ޲ޣ
ҡ
Ҷ̫쵰ˣ˵ʲôлǰͷš
룬յҵûãҪˣָǼ޵ġ
˵꣬һƬžʲôûˡ
ҶϵȥСʣôˣ
֧֧С㣬ү
ôˣҶͻȻɫҲЩס
СԸɣų
ҶʵŻˣææӣͶԪһЦĿ
ʶԼƭҶֱţޣ㣬ͻ۸ң
㶼ô۸㣿Ԫ֣Ѱ񱭷ģϵЦƺиȾ˵ħҾ֪˭ⱲӶֻܼ޸ҡ
ҶظоסԼֵֻůһȶĵ
Ȼ񱭣Դ˵ΰ׽Ҵܶ࣬ףҲǵѡǵʱȢĹ㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ҵǧ⽫ŵʵ㲻ʲô
ҶһֱԼһ㣬ԪǸʡ
ƫƫԲ˯ã˵ʱգɾ۸ȻܻڳԷ˯ʱ˵ÿһ仰˵Щʱÿһ顣
룬Ӧþϲ˰ɣϲԪģκξ̫̫ǿ
λԣ˵ԪΪ׽ѡʱͼˣŻȲ׼״Ԫƺ״Ԫ⣬Ҳǽǰ¶¶뱻Ĺȥ
Щ£ԪжţЩҴѹû⽫ҪҶ齭͢ΪҶң׮£еǰ취
Ԫû뵽Լôѹ
ȻСҲܡ
ǰſڳϣҪȢһضΪߣ;ΪϲμѾǻ׹ݣҪֻȢԼӣһӼ򵥵СӰˣûôߵҪ󡣡
⻰Ҷ˿Ŷ裬ɬҧҧ촽һʱ֪˵ʲôá
Ԫ˵ϼĵһҾȢ㣬ûƭ㣬ģؼҾ͸ҵ˵ˣϧûͬ⣬˵̫嶯һʱ俼ǣһһȢ㣬ǱûˣһԽȢˣ˵ô¶
ҶЩߵøϽס䣬ô֪ңҪˡ
ԪһܾҵطӵĿɰģʧЦùգҲ㲻·ݵĻڣԹԵģ˼룬ڼҺúôţҰ̧Ȣ㡣
˵˰죬Ԫע⵽֮ҶѾߣ˳˾䣬ôͬң
粻ڡҶᴹ˫֣ɫ
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֪Ҷҡҡͷ˵ǸѳȥˣѾüûӰ
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»صѰľԼ䣬ȥҩˮ
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үȥ˱Լϵϵˣûҩˮľ͵ͬһ㱣ϣһô죿
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ս֮ʣӦһ¶⣬ң롣
Ȼʱ벻õİ취ǷŲ£ȥһոο˵ԪѾ빬ˣ̫Ӳ֮ġ

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մ鷿վڶ⣬ʣΪռӵң
Ԫףܷæ취
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˵ǻΪת
Ԫһľǻˣ
λʹ޹ȥĹ걱ңѾ򵽻ʶʮ֧Ԯʮͳļױפࡣʲûл⣬ɫ󣬶˳ı࣬ʵǻʹڿȨ뱱ⳡս˵ĸ֮ս
˶٣ҸյõϢƻȥݳɱ˱λʦⳡսǲ׽ˡ
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ӣ̶ҳţռҴⳣֵİΧˮйͨ
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Ԫһ㶣ΪΣ
صڳ̽ӣߵܴܿʹ
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ȻȥաɫͻȻ¹ұҪӴֿǣսպգҲΪǼҶǿȨѹյľٶδӣֻίշˡ

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ȻѾأľᣬʲôҲȥոһΪҼȣϰ
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ˣ֦Σ֮ǰǸϵʱηɫһ˷纮ӣⲻ˸ǣǼҲ¶𣿡
üͷ֦ͷ÷з͢Ҳûվ˵ĬЩԣֹؿڣ˭ǼմǾԣԱˣôܳǣδ;һƬ̹Իǰ̣ϲʱǳͷ
˵ˣ»Ǽ񲻻ƭԸȥ⼸ոϵܲȥ;ȥڸﰲȫЩ
֦򴽣ˣҪūʹСȥݣ¶ү·ӹ㣬ܰ취
ҵҡͷ˵öԣֵ̫ˣκմ϶Իǰ̣ҲΪҶּһҵΪұۣôŰɣôϻүµļڣʱǰȫġ
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ȥռҡſڣɫ࣬һ֪ľᱻ࣬ضǰһѰľʱҪˣǽսͽˣѾôˣиΪⳡսˡ
˵ҲֻȥʱҪ˰οġ
ֻˣҽҪȥԪƺ˴Ҫڼ̵֪ģΪ̹ʹֱܲ˱ƭ֪»ȥֲ࣬Ƚľߣν飬Ҳ͵ͷˡ
γ֪Լһȥո¶棬֪࣬ͳ׻زͷˡ
뵽ΡǶӣԼԲ˯ãÿ춼ԼǸ˱Ǹ齾ݵǧС㣬ûʲôԣȴóʮֵĺԶ
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ΡϱΪٵڶûعңճһٻظϯ棬ҲΪӷϴ
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761޸˭˵㣨1

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Ŀ⣬ûκǽ֪顣
ȻԪǿ˽ȴ۹
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ԪƲ죬ӸС˻ˣ˵ȢһȢһ˫ǮС
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ǿƵЦ˺һŵϵķһȥʱţ˸֪һɡ

࿼صյľ˵ϴɱƻɷɱλʦΰ˧½ϣҹӪ͵Ϯ½һȣҽ϶վĿܡ
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766ûҪټ3

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Ѱֻ𣬻صԼҸʱ˵ˡ
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½۱˵鱨ƻֻ֪̫Уûгּ֣͢һֱûж
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ƻŮкǰȲ裬ʲôû˵ҲʲôûȴһѾߺС
˲ʶʲôϼҲ̫ζʲôֻǽŵһۼƻûԼҹŮʷ绪ȲĶ˹ųһ֮ˣôô˳ۡ

768Ҽޣ2

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ΪһֱڷԣڿͦҲûҪȢӡ
ηЩʧ䣬ΪƾθϵǿٲҪС˵룬˼ᶼûֱӾ;ܾˡ
˵ʱף֮޷ǾҪô㣬ҪôѾˡ
Ҳһ֣Ȼ˼ѾܾپȥЩ񻰡
ηʧʧ䣬е̬ûϾһ֮ӷˣٲǵǸζʸ֦Сˡ

770ˣ۹׼Щ4

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ЦҪ̫׿ϣΪǼԪôӸҶ
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˵̫ϾȻ޷Ӧδ̫ĺ̫ݣ˵ֻ
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˰үСȥηȥԺš
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ȻźȴҲò˵ȱݣȻɣɫľǡ
ηһȥл磬ȥ걻ȥѲԿ˽⣬ܸҽܸ׵ġ

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УǲƻȻЦ
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771ϣ1

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ŶˣηȻֻʱ֣ͣûἰ࿴¶

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772֮2

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ڵϵͷƻԼһ֮࣬ѩ尵Ƶ۽ǣһͣˣȻ񣬲ŰеɻʳڣƼͻȻ볯Ƿֳ˵̫⣬ߣ֮
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ҪϸĻƻǴżǸεģΪö洫ΪĻؽӽһӣõѪ鴮ͷͰ˸һ߿ٺݳգԶֹؾΪԶģòʱһλĴȣȰԶߣһ͵ʲôû
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˼֮ʣƻѾƵذǷ˻
νӹо滹ָ¶ȣȻЩͣǸûʲô¶ĻҡҾȻȥˡ£һ׮ˣһᰲųʳ
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ˡƻͷڣݳǵʱۡ

ξãʱ˿ò΢Цټά֡
ʵ벻ͨԼػһǸصӣΪʲôÿζᱻƵ޻˵ţ

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ѰŮıȰοĻȴһ䶼û˵

774״Ԫ4

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ЩǷģǱűʲô˼˵ϲ֮ܶҪӣԪͳͳƽϡ
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ݱؽŵǻͷ䣬ҶҲضá
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žĵŮһпô꣬׻Ҫͳȥˡ
ҶžͶžЦ˵ʲôأǼˣÿ˻᳣ģֲһưŵġ
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Ҫ˵ˣ㻹ߣ
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ԣжٹ￴Լܳ嶯ܲ
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˿ν֣˽һʱ֮Ԫȥ¹ԱһʾԼմҪǰؼң¹ԱûΪͬߡ
Ԫνֵƥյתͷ׼ؼңͼǿƴվڲԶ
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ҶɲڣҶŵǵرô򷢣һ򷢲˾о
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Ԫڣǰ˵һ빬
ΡףտʼΪɥڣÿҪ飬һµҪگҲȥС
Ԫͷʾˡ
˳ǰߣپӣ͵ٰá
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ٰõĴѾϼվͷˣ溰һүˡүˡ
˵Ȼֹ˶߿
ϱ˵ԪλСϱǸСˣˣѹԪҹȢǸ˶
׵ţƤۼԪ¿״Ԫɣ۹⻹ܲˣ
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ϼ̣ϵʼһһ衣
̫ү̫̫͵Լҹţپ
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ӵãͬþ˵ͷϻи㣬ȥѾ޳ȥˡ
˸Ҷ͹ӣҶǵ
˵毵ãЦźá
㺰ңҿû׼
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Сһֲҷʲôֻõͷ˺ӡ
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˵秵ģֱӸҶᣬμңμˣʲô汾£ֻͷʹլͷĶŪ۾ۡ
ҶĸҶ̫ȻӸգ˵Ҳûôֱġ
˵Ҷ᳤ô̫̫˵ֱ˵һ
˵ܻǣڵģϺʵָ̫̫ˣֱӳ߲˵˵Ҳǲִʳ
Ҷ᲻˽ӣһӡǼ̫̫ӣŵôҴ
ԪƽʱôӣӾˣϰ߾ͺã˭һ
Ҷ๫ڰοԼ
ܿ죬ͷֻ治ǰοΪ̫̫ǶţǶԶ˵ȫһģûΪƷٷ˾ƫۡ
Ҷһ漴Цˣμ̫̫ݲˣиԣ̫иˣ
빬ٰߵľûá
һƷˣɥҪ빬
ͣβȥĹݵ̶ȥЩԾԾԣڵôһûʹʲôӵģܲң
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ӵ꿼˿׵ʥʹͣеǻ빬档
죬ںĹݵĳɼһ㣬˵ÿףõҵȷ㲻ˣڿù
ù𣿺ĹôŮѧÿֻһܵõʥʹͣĶǰϹҪ˵ҸˣҪʲôٻûУοķȥѧЩп޵Ķֱ˷ʱ䣡
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783گ1

θҪ빬ĳΡޣ̫̫ӡԪСںǿơ
СͷķԸ׼ֻ
ΡǿƺԪһӡҶһ
ҹһû˯빬;л뵽ʲôҶᣬ޵˼ҹĶ
֪ΡѾԪ˾ʢѳֲס˹ء
Ҷʻ˫շϼָ⣬Щ޴룬ͷصҹ๫ˣʲôûеġ
һˣ
ǰٰþ裬ҲûԪɫãô¶
Ҷ˵Ҳ֪գͷյụ̀˵ȥǲá
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Ȼ๫һͰˮȥݣ˯һû¶ˡ
Ѿµ񣺡
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Ҷԣ᲻٣ǲĶ˵ˣ
ӿһȻˣǾͲع
Ҳǻţȥ鷿סҲУŸչţɱմȾ˲
ҶỹǼֵҪһ븮ҽɡ
ҭҭҪ˵ҲС

񲿵ĶѸ٣һ첻ʱ䣬Ͱ۵ŵ
ڵģǻףڷصǼλ·ԶĶˡ
ģǳϵĹ٣ٹǬ⡣
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Ѿǻ̫ϻʵگû̸λ⣬ἰռǸӣ¶˾ѡ֮ӵܡ
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784ʵ״Ԫɣ2

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һֱԪ˳۵ĺʱٿСӣ˳࣬һӲɫ
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뿪󣬹Ĵǲŵվ
ΡǿƺԪ뿪Ǭ幬ȥǻϡ
·ϣ񵥶Ρеһԣü֮ǰ˵ʹҪǰѰľ͵ǹȥôͻȻҪȥˣ

785ԸԸ1

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Ŀǰһһڳ׮ļ֮УʹҪ;߰ľֻܴ֮ܵǰǱڳ̽ӡ
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786ʺް2

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صʯŻûϣǰɥʺߵľݹùãŰٹٵǰһſڵϡ
۴ɫѵֻ˾䡰֪ˡȻͿʼԸ׼ʺɥ
ķӦٹζӳ£ȵۼݱļ̺ްţ¶䵭úڿһϷ·ѹͲĵ
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㲻ȥźˣݹùʡ
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ԭĸƾӹӴһɳ죬˭ϵͷԼС֮£Ϣ
еϢ֪ȫˣûκϢֻ֪λԵ޹ˣµѳᣬ¶䵽ԼͷϣҲҵʰö뿪ʳȥ
̶գǨǨ빬빬סĹһˣʳǿռ˴롣
ҲӶᵽǬ幬ʽԻʵ۵ݿʼϳ
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ۺΪعɥ˷ɥʱӳʮա
Ҳȵ۶ʮգ»ʺʮա
ԪѾ˺ԺõϢʱһڲ˳Ŷ汻һˮͬţʲôʮգҵĸԹԡ
Ѿ˰ˮˣ
ͬһӲ˲СֵķӦΪô󣿡
ԪǺǸЦû¶һһէģϰ߾ͺá

ָϳû죬ӱˡ

788һߣ4

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ԸȥſڵţֱӰ빬ʥ
һװû£ڱſڱ˸š
ڸͷϣϸһ߬űӣһ彣
ټ󶼶ū빬
ȻͶϵĿ͸ųǺ⡣
Ϊûظһ顣
ɳĬ˻ųڣÿ


˵һޣ˻߷ɳ۶ųһæԱ߶㡣
ѾܳȥԶո
˸ظ̧óմ󶼶ȥոš

ոعԺ
үˣˣүˣ
ŽȸԾϲصЩץºƵϣյڵüɣһԼͼææ˳ȥ
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Ҫģá濴һۡ
⻰¸ûˣ˶
Ѿ裬վ˳ָ˸ķԹڼҵһ
ֻܵͷһȻعԺ

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ռҴĽЦһĳӣ͢ӻչ˵þϸ΢
ֻװ˳Ļ˵үսպգ˳͢س¶ȻҪչˡ
ûٿһޣŻʳǷȥ

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ɫڽҪĩȥĿģ޷ȶģĩԼ˶ȶˣȶ壿
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ССŪȨû׷ȵôЩĿࡣ

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ʲô¼ֱԼĶ䣬ĿƵؿ棬үûƭң
ףճ̽žǿʼʰ
»Ǿò˼飬ĸŮǱ³үĳ룬ôʹӦүҺͰůأѲɣүӦ˱ʲô

789磬Ҫˣ1

Ƭ̣ʵҽ˱Ȩ
ԣ¾˵
û뵽үΪ޶ȥôĴۡ
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һֱĶռҵһʱ޿̲ŬΪгһȨͷء
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ôŬ˵ûû¾ʮʹҧҧҪҺͰůھǣү㲻ΪǽȨ
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ϸЩ꣬Ӿ࣬ÿΣʱ̣Լûߡ
Ʃ統״ԪƩСԴƩ磬ǰЩ
ЩҪʱ̡̣
ǰֻռһ۵ӣҪ״Ǹ˵̶ѨֻԼȨò
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ֶлѡȰնˣȻѡߣѡˡ
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Ļůĵģ̫ˣȨζʲô˵ʲôǱǿȣԼģңҲȫ洦˵ѾҵСģȥСžۡ
СģסˣǸӣԴռҳԺ伣ү˶˳ȥѰʼҲ˿¾Ȼҵ
һ˴ͦġ˵һȥһһ֮ҲиӦ
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ΪСϻƣռҳ죬СĺǸͷ
һ̣ޱңҴСһˣռҲѪȫޡ

г̶պո̫ණҪᣬֻ˻ְŰǨˡ
ľСʲôֻҪﶼڣȻȥĶС
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᷿ʱڴͷҲһµĵܵܣġ
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μλ˲
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ݸշ˵ĹϵǺǻǶǸ֮Ľ飬ЩΡ˵֮Ľʲô
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ԵȻμңȴܾʹԭⲻһ

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үϡ͡ΡºЦЦѵĪΪʦ
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Ρɫ̩ȻŲ豭ǳǳһڣǾ͵ÿүҲ޶ˡ

ǰǶ˵̸ͶԺ߰ůҲԸ˽
ǿ˺Ժûѧãû¶ԭڻ԰Ŷ౦С˾棬پӵȻҴ˵
͸پӣȻͿǸȦϵѾͷ
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յĵӣ˿ȣԭţûãңһ£

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ů˲ΪЦһѱסŴ磬һġ

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Ϊ⣬ƴޣʲôƽһö࣬ҪЩ᲻ðˣǺӣطϡ
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շԼҷֱŤأõ֤Ҫ֪ůô˵汧ǵøԼҷ˼۲ɡ
ͷһαԼСŮЩӲΪľͷ˺һڵ˵㡢ɣе͸ˡ
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Լȥ֣ûȥֻֻôˡ
ů˿񣬺Ȼʣ̣𣿡
񼸺ûԥͷᡣ
̫ԶȷԼܲȥůҪˣĻҲãƭҲգʱ򶼲úʧĿ⺬Ц㳤̾ͳ㣬òã
á
񿴵óůǸСѾͷǰҲֻǺۿûеܳȥ
ƭҲ˵Ļϲ
⺢ӣǴ۶ϲϧȥҲˡ
μҴ˲һʱǡ
ΡȥԺѰůͰľӳ԰͵š
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£ȻԸģǶû˳ʲô̽Ҳ̽Ӫľ
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ΪôܵĽһϢ͸

´ūʰ׼Ǩڣƽʵӿ
ǰ˻޵ıؾ֮·ϣűϹִ֮ӥҪʶ״κη紵ݶһʱ䴫Żسǡ
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Ϊһ谭ҰΪڶء
వ̽ܳƵڶ谭еӥţֻҪǸͷ³

֪γ֣֮ǰʥʱѾ̸ܸκδۣļ˶һë
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ȥһ£ǾǸߴ峤ʹϧȫ˵ѡ֮Ե߸Ȩ峤֪Ժʮȱʹð̽ϵǣ˰æѡ֮ӵʱ򣬴峤ֱӾܾˣ˶еصתع顣
ıƣʹֻܳԼڳİ̽;ˡ
վĵһ죬⵽˱వ̽͵ϮĿǰĶϺзһضûͱնɱøɸɾ
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治֪һ谭ĴڣǺʱӵһ֧ľĶֻǳڱܵزģ˯Ҳֻǳߣ³˯ȥ¡
Ȼһգϸ΢ʵնĴ˵ʵЩ̽ǣӽ˰ľǱѪϴһ·
ȻûʲôĻܼңַС
ʱ˵үܸоǵ˼Ķȥˣ
˵Ķܲ˼氵ʧЦôҲһ¶˵ôĳж飬һ·ϱض˼ڸԷֵĹУ
±⻰ŵǸòǱŰľİɣ
΢漴Ϊ˭¶Ѿȫ׼ûܽӽǣ赣ġ

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791ڣ3

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ˮ󳤹ȵͬĸĻʽ㣬СʱȹˮȵһȵٵǴ֮󣬶շмӡ
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ΪʱĿ˷ԼǼ޸ңˮ󳤹ôЩ궼ܵ͵δйյʱ
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Ϊɶ֣
˵ˡĳѲߺ˾ƣˮ󳤹ĶϱҲǷ봨ϡ
¶÷봨֪ˣˣһ֮¾˰ˡѺˣҪĸ󳤹ȥ¸ǰָ

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ηϢɫɷףģ๫ˣ¡ǹɥڼ䣬սֹƣǸһֱիûȾƣôƺᱡˣ
Ҳ벻ףԼö˶˵ģôˮ󳤹ǿǱµĹĸҪ빬ȥֹⲻῴݵķƫ󳤹
һʵ˵Ǳ˾ְλֻ֮λס°뱲ӻꣿ
˼ˣɫɩɩȱż˳ȥ̽̽¶̫ͻȻˣʲôᣬܵŪ˵
ηʱЩεȰο֣ϣμΣలżȥúô̽̽һҪȳˣ¶ָ֪żϻˣҸžͻæǱµʦʱ󳤹ȥǰ״Ļл͵ءٲãȥ󻤹󳤹ˮ󳤹ǽãеͣҲֵ̫ء
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Ȱηһ̧߳ӣѸϻѾС˶ɳȥĴ̽
СʱɳȥǼ˻ˣ˵ʱ쳯֣ö˶ؿŴʯͬܳ͸ү
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һѾߵǷ׿ڳϵġ˵ˮ󳤹¶̫ܲճүֲڼңǸôţ
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Ƕ˵ˣʱö˿شӺͬܳ
ڻʮʮֲͬް汾ϵԽãԸԽ
˼ȥҲ벻׿Ѻ˸ˮ󳤹ʲôô
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ܾãƼԼҹЩرȻһʱҲ˵رġ
ƼرͶˣæһܺܿࡣ
ǰͷһʱƻˡ
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˺һλǾȥ˵ϾҪԲˮ󳤹˰ͱǰ
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ƻݶ˷ָָŵƵԺ䣬ϵԺӡ
Ҫȥѣ˿أСЩ
εͷ͵͵л
ƻƾṦ֪ʱܸϹ
˶̴ٽƬ̣αµԺ
Լ˵͵͵ĿѾһỌ̇̄ҹˣЩ˯ɣ
̡ģǷ봨ˡ
ؿ޸ͣ϶Ѿߣ˵үѾд״ֽ¶ţǲģ
ѾߵүΪֻع
ôֻܽعϿ޵øݣһţǵ˶Ҫ֪ˡ
Ѿûˣôȥͷָ˵ö
ܲǲҪңⲻǣѾȰţȴ˸ۣʱԸϱ۵ôҪΪֻع⵱ˣƷ˭
ĨᣬҪ
кüʱ·ˣӾž
Ǻֻͬܳӣͱͷ˿˸ţʹǧ죬Ҳ˵ˣܲܳԼǱü˰ɣҪҪˣֻĬӶв֮¡
֪ԼĬϻôصĺӱҵ˹Ѻˣɷ봨׼д״ֽš
£Щ
òĨᣬ̧ͷͼԼĴѾ߲֪ʱ˴εڵϣʱվԼԱߵģǸŮӣŮһ˫۾ﷺ⣬һݡ
ŵѪɫʶ뺰
һס죬вҺھû
ᶼ˵˶ɸ
μ˳ɿ֡
㣬㵽˭
ûлشϵ⣬˫ڵƻҫԵñΪʲô㣿
һһ㶣漴뵽ˣʱ˿ܿؿңҲֻ֪ǵԼѾϽߣ֪Ϊξͱ˸ˣͣ͡
Ҳ˵ȥֻһ⾡ˡĳ
䣬ô˵ʱ˲֮£
ֻǿޣȻĬˡ
ΰѹͷĻ𣬡Ҫãа˻ѣʱ򱻲Ҫѫӵܵ
ͷЦѫӵܣбôö
Ǳɣڳڶ࣬㵽ʱˡʲôûǣһ֪Щô裬һӵϴģ
ڲ˭ֻһҧˡȥˣ
ǰˡһݣץŲš
Ƭ̣۵ɫȥ֣ˣҽΪຣǲ࣬ʹֻ㡣
ԭΪŮҰˣӦòǣͻȻֲۣҴ½У¶ԷһŪԼֻװɵʵҲ㵽ʲô
ι˹ǣΪõıɵŮ¾͵ͷڹ꣬Ѿˮֱϼ档ΪԱһһȺ㣬ͬһעҪá
һȴӲŭ˵˵ʲôˣʲôһһȺˣٺҾˣ
֪ģԴӳ£ү˲ٻ棬Ӧ벻
뵽Լˣɷ򻹵һʱ俼ĸܣޱȸж
ÿβ΢飬޷ϿʲôҪ
ֻǼЩ񣬱㿪ʣѵͲ֪Լ˭Σ˭ô˵ʯͬ׼㣿Ϊ֮Ů۸ˣʹĻʹң⣿
ԭѿֱӽס
β˵Ըϣ֤ӵףһһ඼㣬ܰ㷴ȥ
˭㵽˭ﺦ¼ˣ֪ŮΪʲôʯͬһöԷȥԼĲҪˣ
ûнɴʼûԼ˭һֽ״һ㣬ȥһݣڹϷȥԼ뱲ӵõѣԼѡ
ãȻЦ˼ģɷ봨
ֻǰһڣ漴ŭܣѣǵķ޹ϵҲóѵģ
۵׸һĨ˵˲Ǵ㣬һͰ䣬ɫ㶼ȲӷˣӾϹۣҲܿ㣬㣿ûˮĶ뵽Σ㻹ѱ˵ɵӣⲻ֪ԼǸ
ϱŭȴһɤ۶
뵽Ů˵Щɷ봨ȥģתΪŭɫ
μмģͼ˵ȵۼݱµ۵ǻ󳤹ȵ۵Ƿݶʹ˶ˣÿǱǮҲûˣǡµ񳯸٣˼Ǳߵһô󳤹ҿνʧ޴ʾ޴ʧܵӲС
ⲻ˯˵ͷͨ߳ˣ֮𣬵֮ǰȢ˾Ůӵ̼֣걨߳˰
ǷȢĶȴԣʱѷµĲҵȫתү߳ԭý˰ܱҿڴ
̣Ǹˣ߳˰ҪǲҪ
ţѾݲʲô顣
ǰңͨߣ˵ǳųأڸͻֻܼӴͨ棬еĵһ꣬Ȣ˾ŮΪޣ̼־걨߳˰
ʱЦ˵ô棬һûĵˣֱӾܰԭȢ
û뵽ʱЦֱӾӦԼϣ

797̫3

˵ǰŷ봨Ե޹ʰԼôεĻ׳Ĭˡ
Ϊ˸ŵǱǮʵǼҸϺüҲʵܵ˲СӰ죬ټϹɥڼƣöɣǴȱǮ
ȱǮ¶֪ѾˣžͰԼļױһ飬ܱĶóӸӦ
ϵ˼ױӸɷɷȴ˻ӽš
֮䣬ֻ춼ˡ
봨д״ֽҪţΪֻعʵϣֵ˾֪ʱ򣬴Դ浽һһֽ鷴õĽ¾£ЩαѰöԲûȥһʱ벻ɱˣֻǷˡ
ԽԽľôᡭүһֱҲ
Цûͻǰ¡
ϻǾţŮӵĻ߼һëûУȫ©
ֻһ޵ʱ䡣εһ˳츮õԩľͻᱻ죬ʱһϹÿ˹˾ɾٻزͷˣ̣һѷүķ֮飬Լܴȫˣ
ϴ֣ⲽо֡
ɷΪǮȥԼڣҶģԼʱҿǸЦһ˶ϣû׼ɷ򱻱ƼˣĴ߳ȥŮ˽š
Խ룬üͷԽ
գ뱣ȫԼΣȫˣôң
Ұﲻ㡣εܰģǱˣ̵Ҷ㴫
ҵ
ƷԱܲԼҹŮ衣
򴽣Ҹô
εԼԩдȻ󸽴һȥ
Ƴ۴ҹɫεʱˣٶȿЩ
ʵϣ·ϵƻȼˡ
뵽ԼоȣֽīʸдһţٰԼȡ潻Σҳǰҵ͸ҵģ㽻һˡ
ԥſһۣˣﻹǲϸ˭
֪˭β鷳ֻҪ֪Ҳģ͹ˡ
żκܿݣû֣һԾϷ
ƻݼϿǣ΢飬һҪȥңʱزȥ
ƻͷһۣĿеŷϡ
ν˵ǷдţҴȥףƷ߹٣һϹã϶ԹֻۣҪҰ¶ֳȻˡ
뵽Լ֮ǰŹЩڣǸȥҲڣһѰƥȥͺãҹѾˣҪƼȻȥЪϢ
ƻŲ࣬˾ߣҲİã
뵽ϴ˵İǴשͷèèֱ˵˳ǰ˳ֱԩ
ֻǿǵҹ̫ˣƻϢɰסԲȥģûһ߿˼
ңҲ˼ٱһء
ǰͱĶǻˣοɲһĪĴ̼
뵽⣬صûС
ûУǾá

ƻ̹ϵ˵ǣȫӲϻԼΪĸ磬ʱת䣬ƽȥˣţһ

§ƻĲӣṦԾǰ;Уûۣ߸ײϣ£ǿڽͣҾǾãƼôˣϱһС˷ȥЩס
Ҫ֪ô·ģԼһ
ʳ仰ξ͸еЩͬѰսۣβסǹڴƺڴôش
ȻƼעԶ벻ģĬ˺ܾòʣˣ㵱ǸλϵĿΣ
Ͳ

ʱҸεĵطҹ£ǰš
ŷ̽Դ˭
ξǷźϵӵãǼҹױдҲģתˡ
һᵽӣŷɫͱˡ
үѾ˵ˮ󳤹£֪йأүûԣ鷿﷢һȥֻع
ʱӵôˣ
ŷѾŷﶼűߣתˡ
ɿϵݾ֪ôˡ
ԼûҪٽȥ档
س̵ʱεҪ£һػȥ
ڣƻһѾȥҹ£ָֻʤѩİۡ
οƬ̣Ȼ˵лл
ƻϵ²ܰô˳һֱ棬ʵΪ˲鷳
ƻ΢ۿںϣӳһۣĿ⣬󻺻һأɶ˵ջ
ҲʶԼüǰ˵ллȴʲôʵʱʾûУôֱ׵ҪʾĺôǺЦţһΪĳΪֲرġ
ƻ˵ϵ̫ˡ
ΰԼСⷿĺöһ飬ĥŸһʣͼƻ彣óѩ׵ŽУƺǳ̫ã붼ˡ
һ飬ҪҰɣ
ƻ᲻ЩΪѣ
ΣΪѲΪѣǺǡ㲻Ҫ
ڸղţͻȻƻ˵ӾģҪʲôֱ˵һ仰ܹռʮ䣬Ӹ˵ģѹͷӦ

798ڳҪ

صѾʱ̣θ߽ԼԺӣͷվ˺üѾߣԺģҲηԺġ
Ѿ븣
ηæشӳһƬμΣϵģĶȥˣ
ƳԼѾī㡣
ī˺̷Ҫūס
ûƽϣתηϺܿ¶Цݣôˣɩɩôû˯
˯šηһ뵽˱ѺڳĻʲô˯μΣǲǳȥ뷨ˣ
ȻܸǣԼϸһֻͷȥɸϡ
ηһȥǼңɻȫȫβػ
ĿŮˡӣ˭Ҳܶκɫ
мЩᡣ˵ѾǰдȥˣɲǷǲֵģ¶Ӧùн
ηţٲⵣǣνȥ
ҲǼû˯һɩզˡ
ֻðǰɩɩ˵Ļһ飬Ȼοﲻصģ˵ӰбٴҲ󲻹ơ
źЩ
ϱ׷Լȥˣͽ˵Լ̫˯ˣͰɩɩ˳ȥ
ȷֻʣκīˣīµظҪٲū澾Ķסˡ鶼𣿡
Ӧˡˣ˹غȿڲ裬ǲ⣬˾ˡ

Ȼϣûܴⳡ˾
һ磬ɾ˦űȥ˴󳤹˶ûӦʱֱӴ봨Ժ˯ԺŮһѾ˵һٶ
봨۵ÿ޵ش
Ժ󳤹ţææܳͼ봨ѾûˣСȫվһԣҰȴ˭ǰȰһ䡣
Ũüߴ࣬СѹͲĶ֣˭ǰ˭͵ꡣ
󳤹ţǰһڣ漴ŭ׼ҹһܵǼˣô˵
˱ӣһŽȫѪķ봨ߵһߣ𵶵ʯ£󳤹ĸҸ˵ţȥѷ
ˮ󳤹ƽʹ޸¶˵£ȴɴشƣǵô˵棬ʱһѪӿϺڣɫԽѿŭȵȵ͵ĹݵҰˣɲȥ
һŭ֮£Ҳɽ׼ҹˡ
ȴȵţһڷ봨ϣ漴󳤹Ȼ󳤹վ£ҾٲҪ˵˵ˣҹŮôܼ꣬ŮΪûжԲסҵĵطﻨƵ޼˰ͷżҲͰˣԸŮ˶סô۸˵òô򣿡
һʣֱӰˮ󳤹µƿԡ
봨õԼûȥŵ״ֽ˾Լһ١
ϱ޴ĵطۣ봨ֱᣬĸףȾҡ
ˮ󳤹˵仰ֵһҹ۸ҹŮǼ˸ҵˣڸͷأ˵ǼѾд״ֽҪΪҹŮֻعǾͲظˣһ߰ɣø˺úһ󣬿ĸĸεĹ˵ֺҹŮҪ뱲²˵أ
˶ҵˣ֪ܲ˭ɵ
봨̩ɽǻǰһڣ˹ȥ
ˮ󳤹ɫ࣬ԭռƻһȥõ״ִֽھ٣ҪôãҪôԸΪ檣λóʵڲУһֽɨš
Լƿеģ˭ͻȻһţô֪¶ôҵЩ˵ģ
ɨһˮ󳤹ɫЦһվ˹ֱš

µĺռϷ磬Ǽ׳ڹϳĻʹǷ봨ʹ󳤹ĿľΪ϶Ȣ󳤹Ȼܳϣ׼ڹϽֲ¡
¹عߣ¸⣬˾ľðӺ֮ڸӣ¶ͷβ˵һ顣
ڸ£Ӵʱš
ڸ׸ʤ֮üͷ
ڵ˽£ҪʲôŸϲ˵øǡ
ʤԥųУʵر£˳츮Ǳ߽˸ӣеĹйأ¸⣬Ӹϳѯ
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ʤԥſһֻۣðˮ󳤹˵˳
λϳһʱȻ
ûüĿƲϲŭ
ͨĹߣԪģֻǵͷӦʣôУڸ氲š
ȻˣǳĵţڸҪйߣضǡ
Ȼͬ߳˰ĸ⣬򻧲飬ж̼֣߳˰ôҲǧӣҪôң͵پ޴Ŀգʱʲôȱ
ڵϣر£û޶˰׼ȷʵǳʧְ߳˰ⲻɣ̫̼ͣǲ
Ҳ֪λһ仰˵ɣ䵽ͷϣð죬ڳôųǰͨ鱾ͺѣûйΪѻ飬ֻһ仰֮ھµ˰׼ֹƵİٷ

ڸգ׮ӾͱգˡҲա
ڣ۷Ѿױˣûȥע£ͷβ۹ߣƩĳĳӵƹӴһܺͻȻдһӸϳţƩĳĳ̵ͻȻС
¶û֮ǰû˻ϵϡͨ顱ߣҵ¶һֳ˶ˣͷи˳£Ҫô룬ҪôݣҪôС
Ȼǳ߳˰ȥġ
ңûµ̼̫̫ɪɪ
պ̨߳
ּ̼ͨ߳˰һ䣬ǰͷ飬Ҫɻܿʼ걨⡱һϳΪޣ壩֮ڣ;ݡ߲ô˰յȨᱻջء

ˮ󳤹˵֮һ𣬷봨ܵɸϸһܣֱӾЧµݷ˷봨˽
鵽زѾ֤ˡ޹ϵ
˺ü죬Ǳ°ϳɫĺ磬ӷҳֱ
˻صСڴұڸˡѹŰ˽ӽȥ硣

ƽǷģʼīϽȥ˿׼ƻ롣
īԥƼǰ彣Яģ룬᲻᲻̫ʣ
վڹ̨ǰƹóļ˿ϸӦѾӦˣǲʣңҾȳ͸ʲô
ȻҲƻΪʲôҪ
ֻɣһϾͲˡ
Ϊ˺ƻǰѱ°׽䣬صѡˮɫı˿ӣ׺һö֬оơ
ȥƻʱûдī㣬ڴ˺һȥš
ŵʮΣǸˣ
ʣʦڲڣ
ʦոյʮ˵
΢飬ǵϴԼҲǸյ
Ǽϲ㡣ε
ʦֻϲԼ㡣ʮЦžк
θ߽ȥһ۾ͿƻڰŽµʯϣһ顣
ߵǰԼõĽóݸҹģ㿴вĵطûȥġ
ƻһ飬һֻֽӹ룬Ŀá
μʮȥ＾һֻƻˣ뵽ϵ֣£ǸƼܸܲ¶
ƻһ˵
˸ôΣұӦõģֻҪʲôֱܲ˵еʱԼӦ㲻ˡ
ֻ˵Ůҵ˼Ѳ£ͷһ˼ôƵˣʵͷۡ
ƻԣ˵ͷʮֵƽʮֵȻڳҪġ
Σɶ

799ʲôô1

ȥ˳
լӲ󣬳ȻҲһ㣬˶˱Щת
Ҫ֣ΰʹ˳ȥʮ
ûԵһ˫۾Ͷ岻š
ϣθó׼۵㡣
ÿˮˣЦʦһȥԺиСʱĸһ
ʮչɥÿճصģֻǬ幬λµۣģ˵ͷգǹͷС̫࣬Ҳᱳ͵ζ
ʮžư죬ЩɬСڴ
ùؿʼۣȴС棬ʵҵĳղãȲϼ裬治ʦΪʲôÿζҸ㡣
ʮһϵ㣬һʦû¶Լҵ㰮á
ϸ룬Ȼ仰
õʱ˸̶ţʮֹ͵ͥԺƻʯϡ
ƻĿ˿˻˵ȻԺյģȥҸȥ
Σ
һԼڳСʮĶԻˣ
𣿡
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ΣǼȻûͺ㶼ģΪʲô㣿
ƻһۣ³ʱ˵Ժ㣬㷴Ӧ
Σһʼ͸øԵǺ㣬öôһȦӡ
ƻĬһĬǰڿǡ
Σ
ǺˣԺյġ
Ƿˣ
סͷðһתͷ͵ݸںͷ޵ʮˡ
ʮӹӣСسԼʦı飬Ȼһ̻Լ䡣
˳ܺÿ£ǸӣҲͣӡ
ʮߺָ̧Լ˱ܻ𣬶ſƻرƽҾã֮ĹϵеԾ
ƻ˵ԭһôΪ
οһ£ΪΪʲôˣҵ˼ǣǷ飬㼸Ӧģ㲻ܰҵʹ
ƻƽ⣬ֻҪҲϣһٶ㶼ᱻˡ
һ͵Ǿˣ
βЩڣԼΪһʱԳҪϵȥΪβ֪Ƿô໹飿
̾վأ
ƻָָ;Աš
߹ȥԼӣװһͣһСľͰ߰ɣ

ƻǸҰ̫ԶڱйȥԼӵʱ䡣
һݴԸɾĵضѶ£ϹûˮУ˳˫һգգضź棬ЩϹ
ƻԶڴ³֪ǲǶɵ˵ų㣬һֱ߿
Ҳµõƻڿ㣬ȴĪЩڡ
£ʵǲеģο˶ţעѼУ˰죬Ҳû
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ƻˣǰĲݵϣ̬ͣʣչӰɸԱߵСľͰβε
ɷˡ
ʶƻͷԼûˮˣȻĬĬԱŲŲһСξ롣
ʱձӦúΣƻȴʲôûϹ˹ߣȻҺȻãҲ
λûԼ˯عھʣΪʲôң
ˣûѡ
˵ʶϰ֮ˣ˯Ҳصжвѵĵزôеģ
ƻԣ峺ĺﾻ֣ΪעصӦԼ˯ϡ
ˣƽʱôˣôһ˯֪޾ģ
ĥһ뵽ĳֿܣƻ˼־裬ǲǶҩˣ
ƻԣŽֵĶһ٣ʲôõҩ
⻰˵ģξԼͷ˯ռ˴ˣǳԿǸ
ʮֲڵվͷߡ
ƻʲô
㲻Կ𣿡ûһͷȥŪ𡣡
ƻ¡
ͷһжû뵽Ƽϧһ棬ѵá
ƻ߷󣬺ú˯

ƻԼȥģξ£ЩһһС֦ŪľͰ
ƻʱ˸֮ɱϴ㣬ƻԼ
첻ȣ΢ů죬Σ涼ˡ
ƻѿõݹط˵ζϡ
ʲôʱģţӹ㣬㴵Ȳҧһڡ
ƻûشϵ⣬ֻòóԣ
óԡҧһڣ塣
ôͷһγԵôóԵĿ㡣
漴뵽ʲôһ¡
һֱΪƻʮָմˮطˣϸϸƺÿμʲôһɵĴģոյɱ㿾㡣
⣬͸Ѭ̣һ۵ˣ㿾ôóԣտ϶ҲΪʲôҪ㣿
ƻʣ㲻ϲ㣿
ҡǻشϲǲϲ⻰ôеŤ
ǲѣϲϲûϵ
ƻŲĿ⵭úҰˮƵǷ˻˵ͦϲ
δͷһ̾˵ʲôʲôɣ
ÿθԻԼֲúãǱƽȥǱµƿԡ
ÿζԼϰ߾ͺãϰ߾ͺãȻ飬ģ˭˭ͳͳûϵ
ôһ룬־̹ͨˣ㡣
һƻֵ˵ڶ
μûԣЩ죬㲻𣿡
ƻ֦˳Ա£Ƶģ˯û
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ˣ
ˡξͻȻ֮ЩĪʲô¶ֱ˵𣿡
и⣬Ҫȷһ¡
ξҪ˵ĿǸʮĻ⣬ֹͣ˿㣬Ҳ˼֣һԴ
ȻߴƻԳΪϼ£ʲôôᣬҲһɡ
⻰
໣ˣæֻôˣ쾡(*3)(ţ*)

800ף2

žડһԼﴮ֦䵽Ĳݵϡ
˺һһԼҾˣܻ
ʲôЦˣƻӣû˯
ƻɺܵмҹ棬ɶԡ
ٴδסãŵʣûй涨ó
ƻһ󣬺Ȼҹ棬Ҷġ
֮⣬Ǽ˵ʲôԡ
ȻΣǾһˡһ˵һš˰Լĸ첲
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Ȼ֣ʵ޼ѰԼΪһֻǧټӽƻһֱΪƻԼģٱʱԷǾ䡰ģ㲻⿪ͷδδϡ
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˵㲻˵ȫƾ˵ˣǶκԵλӲò˫ȫ˵㿿׼߿ƾ;־˰һдϢģɰأ
˵ţսŮ֣μΣﲻαģѰˣ޵ýһ㣬Ҳʱ֪úòá
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ԷǸŵӣɫˬؾһһԵñˡ
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ɫװʱŸʣ鷿鰸̧ͷعţԡŰڼǰ
׼һС¯С¯žơ
һŵľζϲ޸
ϥ׼ˣĿС¯ϣô˻Ⱦƣ
ˡϵţ鷿һ죬Щ¾Ҳãůůӡ
˵ţþ׹һ׽յ˫ַǰ³
һ£ҹôƣɽղ֪ΪΣͻȻ£ӹǳһڣϸϸƷƷ˵´ζʣζ
Ҳһܿ嶬˽ѾƺյС¯ˣ˵к󾢣²˶һů
ƣȻ̰˿౦ϵĿ©ʱ磬ðˡ
֪ʱǿÿյʱ׼ʱ𣬵ʱ׼ʱ˯
ͷΪ¿¡

809ǲޣ3

ҹѾ۵ֻ˯ȥȴǰ嶬˵ĻֳƤԼѣȻûãͼ߱ӣ֮һţԴֱ߸ߵķϹͷزһ顣
ò˵˯Ӥ
˭ǰϵӣ
ӦΪɿʱ̣ýţ龫ǲٳֹóԸѹܶ಻Ը⡣
ϾãӦ˯ж԰ﾫѹһй
Ҳֻҹ߱йۡ
̽Ὣϡ
ԼĪһӣֿʼߡ
˹ͷ֮⣬ᱧͷ˯һŴͷһٱһɽҹһͷռˣʶȥѰȴպñϡ
˯ǰ˾ƵԵʣҹ˯øҲûôȦ˯˹ȥ
ʱڶǸҪ׺˯Ӥر֮С˸еȦȥ˯úƱǰˣû߱ӣҲûٹͷ
ʱѾھ̨ǰüͭ￴ϵжϻͷǳǳһЦˣ
ӦԼϺҹȻûмʱ뿪뵽ʲôüʶ˰ͷȻûôҡ
Щ⣬ҹٵʲô㣿
ϵ֪²ϲû㣬ֻժ˼֧֦ƿȥζǾζأ㳷ȥ
ûѬ㣬Ϊʲô˯ôȣĪǱƣҲԣʺûôĵӸҩ
벻йϣҹȷ˯úܺãҡҡͷˡ
ǣ檸¸¡
˵ţߵ󣬴¼Ͻһһϡ
ȥϳϲɿڴμС˯һÿ⹬ûɣһҪ밲ʱ͵˯

μߣԪҲŽȥ˺ԺҶᴩ֮ȥٰãͶϱڣ˳źͶҲ˰
Ҷ᷿ԪһˣӶ¼·Щ鸡ۣ񣬱ˣаԪСӲ֪ơ
ҶлһԵȦ
μǰûг趨ʡĹأ֮󣬽˶أǸɻˣǶǱߣҪǲùѹţֻʮҲһٰá
ڣѾϰÿ糿ƻʱ֣ӶϱԺ밲˵
ҶһۣӵлЩѪһûϼһȥ͵ԪϱǶú̲̲
ϼæӦ
Ҷллĸ
ƤվӵãٹԲ
Ҷԣ£
Цŵ֮ǰѣμûˣ˶ɢĲӣ̫ү̫̫߶þã˵㹫˽ʿϹٶû棬ʱջȥһˣɣԪҲ״ԪǸûݸοڣǻճ̣ͽˣҲ˵и׼
ҶûȥôԶĵطԪ˵·ߣ·ϵ²ܵ
ҶСȴûбܲһ࣬δʱûٶ
û⣬Ҫ׼Щʲôĸ׺ĸֻܷԸһȥ׼
˵ô࣬ܳǮǰ׳ԷøɻĻøɻ׼ʲôȥ죬ֻܰԸϾͳˡ
ʱϱ̾뿪ʱس¶òӣҲ֪ʲôϸ㣬Ǻüûȥˡ
漮ûзӡλȥͺúÿһլȥҲиŵĵط
ôӺͬҪؽլҲ򣬲ɵ˶Ĺ٣ʼ°֮أ˻ǲ
ַԸϱȶã͸˵Ҫ취Ÿ٣ȥ·ԶϼҴڵģһ»ز
ϱͷûʲô𰸣Ӧܸ׼١
ӵĿŲϣҪҵˣѧҲ׼ôõļ٣ʱھǺú顣
ûҪȥ£ֱȥЩգȻǼ棬ⱦȥΪɶȥ
˵ų˳ӡ
Ҷע⵽ȦһֱǺģǸտ޹һ
ôҪܸ٣ûȥʱѧҵǱԹ˭
С˽
ָ߬ӣȦ죬ίίģ
ô˵棬Ҷ᲻ʣųٰãСǰԣôˣ
Цҡҡͷлҵĳлôý˸ǣûͬ⣬ǿǶĸֲֻˡⲻ˵¶̫̫ȻףÿУл壬⣬ǰֿٰ֣̫̫Ҳûɿڡ
Ҷţ˼
лԪճǻͦһСӣҲʵ˾Цϣû뵽Ȼϲ˾˼ҵŮ
Ƕ̬ΣҶʡ
ﰡ˵ҡҡͷ

Ժ仪
һͰѻľ輸ϵıˤ÷飬ۿϱƾʲôƾʲôܼ޸ʿȴֻܼ޸лǸӣСһģʲôһ֪ҲޣҾǲޣ취׮¸ˣ
ϱҲЩգԭΪɣԼҹŮ˲ķ㲻ԹҲܱȴŮĶȥû뵽ֱ̫̫İ޸л塣
յ֪лʱ򣬶ϱЩŻһѪ

810٣1

ϵϲȥͬӿڸ壬ʱ˵ָ޸л壬⣬ԺǱߴֵ£ЩͬԼӣж︣¶ϱٰˣһͻҵʲôԧס
һӣĲ˳ʹȥ˭Ҳóɻлݣ֣ͷĳҲԹȥ˱ңɶʱ˰Ū֪
ϵһ̣лûǻӼңô˵𣿡
㻹֪ŮǸЦҲұлȢлСӿǰЩӸţôò绨Ĺټǧûϣ͵Ҫлӻϱأ˵ľ¶Ҫǲ⣬Լ˵ȥ˵š
ϵ㶣лСͦʵû뵽ϲڵӡ
ܲ˸ȻлԼģܲлǱ߱Ȣ
ӼϵɶһߣԺǱأҲˣҲˣһֻϵүүģȥȰţ
ϵΪѡ
ȥɣǾȰŮȥлңԼŮʲôУϵҪǹлţǱò˶þ͵üɹ
ȥɣԼһүүģܲŮֵϵĵزȥЦ
ӼԥûԽϼȥԺţ޿ҲˣҪϵҲţ˵˵ģʡġ
ϼǳ˳飬̫̫òء
ҲֶСûɫ֪̫̫ǸǵģҪֳôĶ
лʲôãлȥȵʶȥݸѲ˴󰸣Ʒ٣ϺĸѾھμϵڣµôлңлƽָտɴ¶лңٻţС㵽ΪлҴү䲻

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ϼʱζһ漴ʵǲ̫̫Ǳ
ϼ񣬺үӵĿҡҡͷүǺúȰȰСɣ
ζɿ̫̫޵лȥ
ǾлҲãţ̫֪֪ˣǰǱףֱ׼ң˵ΣСúˣԴϲٲˣҪòãЩΪ
ϼζɵĹǣҲ֪׼ҲվԼֻǸˣҪӣҲû̫̫Щֱ׵˵ί˵䲻ĻСȷʵڣҪȥ˱ңϲţֲúãֻгԿķݶлݣ̫̫̫үӣɮ濴棬С֣Ǳ̫ܿүϿӶǹģС㻹ףʣ޹ȥΪ˳ˣȻҲͨˡ
ⷬ˵ζඥϼ뿪ͼææӣק
ϱոձֵͷֱۣϴקϾЩˣɶ
˵һ˦ζɡ
ζɼԶˣŸ˵£ۼҵͬ⡣
ϱۣ̫̫ͿҲˣ㻹ƫԼҹŮζɣ㻹ǲ׵
ǣҵȻǡζæɾΪ׵ҲŲһźס
ףϱζըˣǵʦлɶƷСٶѣ˵ϳʸûУȥǵͼޣңĶˣ
ƷҲˡζֹһƷûأ
˳츮ôõĲ˲ټʶ֪Ʒʼ϶йӼͺĹݵĹԼҵΪ
콵Ȣ˳Ůһ·ҡֱϣûȡ
лȴǽ̤ʵһһģڶ̶̼Ʒλãͬһ㡣
ֲֹƷأԼ۹δ̫ǳˣ
뵽ζɵ̬ᶨ¶ûĸ֮ý֮ԣüޣ͵üңҷ˲ɣ
ϱסˡ
ζǰһΨΨŵŵһͻȻǿӲһʱ֮䷴Ӧ
Ȼع񣬶ϱһҪζɡ
ζʶһƣͰƵϡ
ζΪͷƽûĥǸˣʮ㣬һƣϱˤðǣ漴Ŵȿ˵ûģǼѾһŮһҪˣ뱲˭ȥ
ζûᣬݺ˻ڿֲݵתȥԷ
پߣҶԺƲʻɫԺ񣬡ﲻ¶𣿡
˿ҡͷҹܲˡ
ӲʩĶˣӣǹģνƣѾôˣȥ̻ǲܵġ
ң¶̫Ϊˣ֣û޳л壬ԼţȻǰͷţֺαȥۏˮҪģǾ찲źûˣǱߵ񽻽ӺþҪˡ

ϱһ˯ǰζɼ΢ͣ˲Űϼ˵Щ˵˳ף˵ԼҹŮٽҲǸ䵽ôĥȥлҾ׵ö࣬лҸμ֪֪׵ݣллϱĶûĥοԼҹŮ׸Ů͸ܿˡ˵лᣬеǻҪǰƷԱʱԼҹŮڶҲض
һϱ侲ϸ룬ƺôô˵׮Ҫˣۼһźô
ǲȻôţζɵƾлѹϵֻҪɿڱ¸ǰٷƻ¶Ҫ淢ˣ׼ң㲻һֱ뵱̫̫¾иֳɵĻᡣ
ϱôЩ꣬һһһҪ˵ﲻĽǼٵģԼ˾Ϣ뵱̫̫ÿ챻ȥǸᣬȴûǸ
ζɵĻǳ׼˶ϱ뵱̫̫ǿģĨ˰ҲԹˣȻлȢҲŮ٣һҾȥȰȰ

811磨2

һ磬ϱȥĴ仪ԭúȰȰģȴ˸ŸţԼ˭Ҳ
ϱֻ㬻ԼԺ

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Ѿźó뾩ôѵʽ½磬˲ٶȥס
һλСӣĶء
ζɷ򸾴ζ౦
Ρ򸾣ԪСڣⱦСģӺϵ
֮⣬һ·չ˵ѾСӣһʮˣӺƺƵٰΧۡ
ȥݵ·;̫ԶԪҶ
ǰΪڣΡ򸾺ͽⱦ
Ρ⼸ȻæȴҲ˵£񣺡ǱΣ
ιⱦ⣬Ӧʲô¶Ұ˽ء
ǰѰߵˣͨΡ͵ź򣬶Ըӣеǰ취
ΡлһͻȻȢ⡣
ܲ˸ɣ
лҵ׮ףǴģֻżԺѾͷȥֹ̽μ¶ϣûʹϱ
ǰŵʱ򣬶ϱȴЦǺǵģ˵ѾȰˣﻹС¶Щ侲侲ͺˡ
Ц뷢κο
Խ˿ԽӣƼ˾ԽѵΡҲ֪Ѵ˵ˣöԼٰ죬̫񡣡
һֱľԼ⣬׻ǵĸ³ˣ󻹵ٰ죬ʱǲǣҲǣȥˣ๫仰Ǳ߿϶˵ʲôԼҲܿˡ
һЦ๫֪ҡ
Ρ΢䣬Ժһ˭
μǾټһ磬ڶ࣬Ρݹأһ·סĶǹ䣬ٻǮȥջ
֮ʦһݣ䶼𽵹վԱСطţÿһŵ׵Ķǵõʦ˲ϲ˶˷롣
ݣѾµףμߵķͱǳضûˡ
ǰŸ¸æسѰһЩլ£ϼҴڵػסǸ⣬ջ洦Уǲֻһ죬ס㡣
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Ρ磬һ·϶s´˻ûԱѾյϢȻ˶Զٷȱ££ϵΡæ˷ļֽţټݹߣеѱ˲١
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֪СѾˣ¸ĻؼһѾʹҴææȥӭӡ
Ρһ˸յֿڣͿ¸СŹ
Щ͵Σû˵ۿͺˣ
¸һ漴ǰͷˣʱϲɣǻˣ
ͷЩ˵
¸˶֮࣬⣬񻹴˳ӣвٶ
լѾҺˣģеͺַסҲԶȹȥɣ˰Ѷһ¡
ΡһۣΡףģȥլӣȻô˶ڽҲ񻰡
ǳǽͷ¸ҵլӷʻš
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ϵЦŻصϹͷɢˣ䲻ȲãȲǻ
¸ЦǸˣũп۵ʱ򡣡
ϵ̾ɲãСÿ춼æҪҸ߶һص
ϢϢˡ¸һομҵĸ֣ϸиͺúţͣһһ죬˭֪ɶʱǸТ˳ӣҲǰЩ๩飬񱨶ء
£¸뵽ʲôոǸԪɣҼվŸŮޣλ˭
ϱҶϡӽӻԪµ׳ɵףƻ׹ϻģȵȻʺȥˣعɥ͵£ⲻŵݡ
¸Ȼ
Ԫ׵£дŻ߹ֻԪ뾩꣬Ƥˣٶ³˲٣ǰһۼ¸Щϲ
뵽Ԫ״Ԫ¸һ̾ǵԪţѡˡ
Ҫǽ񲻶ʲô
ӰҲдֻйоصأԪҺͷӲظŲġ
լ֮кǰѶȥɨԺṹͷֺסӺϵססᣬסᣬˣڵͺַ
ǱĻֿʼᶫʰӡ
Ƕȥ˱˵
ǰûüⱦͽλү
ү游
е£Լɶʱֶ游ǵ͵͵غһүã
ⱦẰֻǿ¸ɵЦЦøࡣ
¸Сһӯ˵ãһúãȥүңóԵġ
ʱһԵĶ౦վҲҪԺööóԵġ
¸Сһǣ౦ɣ
Ͼ꣬Сһﻹ֮УʱضбѩСϣȥ˰û뵽һգۣôˡ
ϱ¶壬һڡ
¸뵽ʱǼһиӣֻǲôѩ컹ܣ˵£ʣѾأôˣ

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ͦŰ˸´Ķӣ۳žҪˣһޣЩķꡣ
㣬ңҲ޸л壬лҵϱ
ҲΣȻ̫̫µģô㣿
Ĩ˰ᣬ㻳ӣ˭ð㵱Ǵݻȥ飬̫̫һῴ㸹̥ķϸӵġ

812ʣ3

毵ѾƶվһЩüͷ
µŹ棬ƶҲ˵ʲôֻš
毲ûдӦ
һһѾ޵Ĺòҵ£̫̫ĵİ壬̫̫˵һ֪ԼȥҲֻϹİæı䲻ʲô
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Ҫһ㣬̫˽ˣԼ£Ƚлĸسһڣһʱͻ鵽ͷϡ
毲뱳Ҳѧ⣬Ļ˳Ȼ
ôװݣôϵͷ޵Խ
ƶʵ޿̣Եһֻ֪޿޿ޣҲһ£Ѿ˸µˣǹؼʱǴ˺̫̫òˣ㵹ã
ĿȻֹһ£毼Ķӣֵƶ䣬㶼û˵ʲôһԱ߲ʲô
㣡ƶŭ
̾ƶ䣬ȥɣ
ƶվŲǣ
ЩȥЩʳ˵ŻƸС۵ױĸĴȺᣬ·£ֻҪһ뵽ĺӣƽ
ƶ䲻òʱ˳ȥ
ҲˣԱߵһ˫ֱ㱧毵ĸ첲ý㣬ͰҰɣҽѰ϶ݴġ
毱òУֲӦ£ֻ̫̫ʲôʱ
˵Ҫȥһ¡
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Ҫǲأ׷ʡ
㲻ģڶھǣңһиʲô취
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ΣѾˣθƼҵǶŮһȥˣʲôã
ҲܣϿɥҪǲӦҾֻȥѾˣҪǿϳ棬̱ضǿҼ޸лǸӣ
ȥü΢
ǷѾ̫࣬ѾͷѾָ䣬Ҳѡ˲ڿͦõģԼҪȥδҲ̫ˡ
𲻴Ӧ˻毵ĸ첲
ʱƶ˳ʳ뼦˿һ±Ѽš
毵һӣǾö»Էʱֻˡ
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毶òУҲӦˣԼСͿʼࡣ
뿪֮ûãӺԺƶ˵˰£̧ȥԺ
ŸСӣڸιʳ
ƳϷЦݣ๫
͹СϣЦᡣ
ٹһ£Ҫˣ
˵ð˸ϡ߽毣нӹʳι
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ϰݡǵǡ
ұ̫ҾӦĲӦ
˵ˣڶѧûŻθһʱͱ
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֮ܶߵĶǿĻǰָűôȥ
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ΡȻǸΡ˸ӳ֮⣬òûʲô仯
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ΡȻûãͦ࣬ͳڣ˰ѴӾˡ
Ǹм㣬ֱ˵ڵԲסơ
ΡûȥƽЩʱȣûͺζһ飬ϵ峤ȥƤ׼ؽٽѧ˵ʱӾһλвѧĺӿɡ
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ǵ£񲻷֣ƲⱦȥºӴ壬ȥ
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˻˹رһˣ峤ˣǰǸ㲻
峤˺þò˵˭̾Ϣҡҡͷüˡ
զأϧԭţȥǸܶԷҪǮլׯȨԸ
ϾҪȢϱϱҪǲţҲͲнٻ
ϣûſ٣ȴ룬Ѿûˣ޳

һ̫࣬ڴûضסΡ峤ǿõƤͺƺƵسǡ
ʹѧ£ΡֻܳǮȫôҲ峤˼˵ЩҲԣ׬Ǯ
Ρû
ߣլӵһʱãٶ졣
˳˵ǻææӸظϣһسǾ¸ǵס𼱻ǵΡ
ΡӣЩЦʱ߲ˣ㲻ôż
˳һĨźһߴ˲˵˵ʥϵʦˣǰɣ
Ρס
̫ˣ˳ԸпڸǿӣߵĶڽĴţ˵ԽԽףҾţüͺˣҳȥܸ԰԰ڡ
ɱ԰ڡ߹˱裬ϲͷҫҪʲôϸƤ
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챾п֣ˢ΢ֻ̾̾Ըָܾշʮ

822ˣɣ1

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֮ǰһߵɽɽϣϥѾĥƣΪ˱֤ϣûмʱҩĴæżˣûдѾߣɽţɫΪʹŰס
ֲ״ȥ־òףֻվһԣеˣҪҪūϸ򣿡
֮ǰһߵȥˣǸߵɽôʯݣҲ֪˫ܲס
ҡͷˣȥɡ
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θʱ˵ˣǿҦϣԼǼС㣬ҲѾ
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ЦһҡҡͷǱǶǷģȥɣʲôʱˣȥԺȲ裬õĲ裬úд
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軹ڻʣүģ
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Ը˺Ȳ˵˵ͺá
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ҦϴżѾվţм𿴹θʹһԣϴ޴ʱʹ
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Ϧ죬ǵĹﶼΪȥ£ҲȥˣΪȴżΪǰһ͵ǼҪȥ
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ЩΪѣûôԸ
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ϥˣ³ȥ߶ƳڷЪ˰磬Ρһ˻ʱ˿ϣ˫ñֱ
֪ۣΡСȣȴرܿüۣɣлҪ˵
һƺΪ๫żҲδˡֱӳƺɡʱ򲢲ࡣ
ΡͷһϻһƬƽʲô
ۣѻʱҾͲȥˣɥ°꣬Ǳɣ

823꣨2

ΡĺһͣĿϣ񣬷ʲô
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أΡڵǣԺθǲܴˣȥģ
£ҵڣ壬ȥٲã½Ȼûףɹ½ҵѪ游ĸܲͷ
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ΡʵҲһھǣ̫Σա
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ƽ̹С٩Ǹ̶˳֮ǰˡ
Сǰж˻Ϊ½˸СӣֻʱϹɥϴûҰ죬¾Ҳô͵ô
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ʲôû˵ԼϣСˣæۣԲȥˡ
ǸúúЪЪСϵͷ¶㲻زˣأҰޡ
ǳ˳飬Ϊʲôǿ˵Щݣһ˶ޣ

824ģ1

µɮˮ½̫̫֮ѲҪˣȻһƷھ˵ĹϺù餣Ҳõλѻû磬ǲھ̫ͣá
۴ǰһʥּμҷǰˣɳ͢һ·ϲջƹݣվ
٣ǰδµ۶Եʦľس̶ȡ
ͣһգãµĹ餣뵽Լӭʱ̫̫׼۸Ůʱĳ˼յ۾ʱɬڹľǰ˿ͷ
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ΡʱҲܻڣֱӾͶȥ
ΡһԵļСˣȥ
ѧʦУûչ˺毣˻ƣÿֶ˵úܼɬ
ó毵˲١
毵ȽΡԵøƽǸĵĺúӣضϣһӻС

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ƼûѺѩġػذ֮ųǸpkڼ䣬нǲҪˣ
ܹϴƣһȱԹߴ˿׾˥ʮֱ?ҲҪƾԼʯɽı£ʮȫ߹˳ĺƽһƬ⣡ֻǣæŰƷ¸ץʱλүܲһ°ˣ

825Ƿͣ2

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п˷Ӧʮַŭų֮ɷ룬ηδҲ̫˰ɣ
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ηڳ翴ƵᣬʵһܰɣֻǸһϰ˰¶¶ϡ
뵽ЩηܣζһÿҪˣʱﻹ˵ôࡣ

ѰصԺ²ãʹΡǩֻѺĺ
Ѱź鿴ֿʹؿԼŮ˵˵ɣΪʲôҪ룿治Ҫˣ
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Ѱüϵǻ
תͷ򴫻ӣ
һӺηαԺܼⶥȲ衣
սȥηڵһվ˫ĿǲǷμһͣ

826ܣ3

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㣡ηǰһڣЩûվȡ
ɩɩ𼤶һѲסη
ηŭɶǽĿ⣬֪ԷģӲĲУֻģĨ˰ᣬô궼ˣжĳԹⲻҪֵĵزɩɩ㣬ȥɣϱĶ̫ˣͷѹ˭ʱ뿪᳹׻ġ
ηһ˵һ߿ޣ˵꾹Ҫ¡
Ų豭һս۽ûȥĮ鶼Ѿǩˣûʲô˵ģӽҸ˸ԻȢɡ
ɩɩ
Լ¹ûãηѾ֪ôȥ˶ʯĳ޵òѡ
Ȱηβźòװ˴ӵϷһؿ񣬡̸̸ܲܵ
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οηһֿۣ񣬡⣬ҵɩɩ˵ҲС
΢ţ
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η˴գͣͣʲôܵ˵
εҺͿ֮һЩ˽£ûϵɩɩȥȥ
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֮ɫʣǲΪ˵ЩԲŻнյĺ룿
̧ƺ˷ﵹƣһΣѾ϶Ҳٹἰ
ɡнæôоԽԽæˡ
︮ĺȪζ㳢ָָ˷ľơ
˵Ļ˻ȥ̧ͬʱ»˻ؿֻɫϵȵӡ
ʵڷ£ˣֻǸʱһֱţûһֱΪ뿴ˣŷ衣
裬ѵһı
ЩȻעͶŵԼϣǿЦЦû뵽Щ
ЦΡ꣬ıȻϲΡҲмҡ
ϵֻӣһ۾ܿǼֵǵı
ΡĲƷδü裬ɼ̶ֶȡ
ָΣʡ
αСذſĹӦøҲ࣬Ҫԣ
Ȼӹ׽Լ
ɲǼ䣬ӿˣʶģвʶģ̫죬һʱ֮޷ȥ˭˭ֻǾ۵ÿҪѿ
αָô̧ͷȴ˫ֱԴһʹģͷȫ亹ɫ׵ò񻰡
ôˣ
δʧɫæȥ
һֳԴѴӵֵֻݸΡ
ηӦæժˡ
˱¾ƣŽƽ
αŵòᣬǲĶȥɣ
̧סͷ۵ëǸղŷˣû£Ъͺá
˵ţĿ⻹ǿѾӣⶫʲôͷ
ôʣһ£ʵɸҵĶ֮񡣡
ˣи˵ӣֻˡ
μƻףǱ߻ֻΪĶ֮񲢲֡
ֻЩ벻ͨΪʲôԼϻῴôֵĻ棬ģЩʲôˣˣ
ôʡ
Уб̺졣ν͵ǹ㺮϶µữɣȡƵá
˵ţЦЦڱ̺죬һ˵˵ˣԤ֪Ҵôãʲ׶ŭģԤ֪ʲôģδ̫ĵ棬Ϊ˿̺Ĺس̶ȣصشҥ԰ˡ
˼
ǵԼȥ¼ƴʦʱ˵ԼҪ£أ취µ۵Űٹٵ濪һ˸֡
һֱΪƴʦеġ֡Ǹˣֻһ
ɱ̺ϴ˵ô͸أ
ΪѣôǸֱܲȥ͵ɣ͵ˣֻܿҪôƻһԭ
Լδ֪ͺܻĵ˵ƻôô
˶ˣƾʲôҪѴõĶ֮͸
ûע⵽ʧԼĿģϽأûˣܸΪʲôҪδ˺ɩɩ¶Щȣȥ
˿ھƣ뿪ЦҸҲУϵ
¶Ϊѡ
ԼҲˣƻĶ֮Ҫ͸񣬻ͷƻȥˣô˵
Ҳ֪βܰ͸ԼӾˣʾһȥܻᵭˣҺΡߵһ֡
㻹ӡ˵δˣ𣿡
ﴽ̹Ȼ뿪θңȻ̸Ц磬Ҫô֤
Ҳˡܾû飬ԼĽ㲻̫Էܲ
̫ˡһھƣֱˡ
۳Ҫ뿪ҧҧҲܸ̺죬ȴиԼܣҰܸ㣬ܷҺԭ򣿡
ЦˣƾʲôΪһܸȤ
˵֪ϱӵĺܶأǹθġ
ͫһͷ˵ʲô

827Ѱ볯1

ڻһܳܳΡεкܶˣθÿһ
ۣδֹ˵
ǸԶΪýŸ˳ȢңƭںԺתͷȥ˽Ὥ꣬ںǶֺ˵Щ㣬ǸΣǶҵһ־ʾԺҺԥغˣǳҵı³滹йǼҵĲ֡
Ž˿ٺε˵ƽ
ȥ£μҵģΣ
ҰǸγΪϱӰɡεϱӵμңչûڿ죬ʱδ˸ո̫£Ҳڵһû̫̫Ҳúûš
Ҳúܻĵ԰ɣκȻЦЦȴƾΣԼһҺԶ룬ֵ÷з˾ӦҲ˾侮ʯ˭ֻ֪Ϊ˱ҵ˵ˣܷңΪʲôҪ룿ѲɣҲһ˸ΣǺ벻ɣ
ţüβ΢ԣҲ˸Σ棬ܳΪʷϵһλ볯Ů٣Ҿر˼Ժˣھԡ
ҭһҭδҵҲ̫Щ
ÿɷ񣬡˵㵱룬ɷ׷ףʵΪԱұ㣬˵ʲôô˵ԼĿԣǱΣ˭һƽϲ֣˵԰ɣ
οȻˣˣҲٱ㡣
ûҪ׷ʵ˼񻰷һת˵ܰһǱ˵Ҳ޷
˫һ㵱Ըң
Ϊֻܰҡ
ĿУ˵ֻҪܰҶȻ
룬ΡԼԤ֪ϸ˵˳Լ볯Ϊ˰Ρ
ĿɿڴηӦ
ΪԼѾãû뵽»бԼĴڡ
Ԥ֪ȻԤ֪ˣ
Ůӣô볯أ
ԽȻԽԽȵʱڻŮӹѧÿĩףҲ빬ȥʥͣȻŮͷûŮ볯
񿴳εԥϣжãܵԲôϵܰҡ

κη뿪ԺѰǶæʸɩ̸Ρ
Ѿ˵˼νȰţӷ˶ñܿ
Ѱʾ
̾˿Ϊɸ
Ѱ𾪣ʲô
̫ˡʱͲ˳ʮ뿼һֱΪܰܿеֻ֪ܿĶС֣עĽѣ޿ɱܣû˵ĵڶգȥ¼ƴʦѰ˸취
ţƴʦ˵ĻԼԼĴһһʮѰ
Ѱû뵽ŮȻΪ˰ΡŻĺ룬Ӧֱüͷȵ۱ȽЩȵۣһ㣬οµۣҪ볯ûܣ˵ǵŰٹٵּˣŮ볯̸ף
ұʲôñһҡ˼š
ӴĲ࣬һ㶼ǹܼһ棬λµ۵£඼ǴԪǶģǻԺԪڼҲ֪ݹϵ裬ԪΪ˱ӣ֮Ԫû취˽⵽µ۵Ƣԡ
Ѱ˷񣬲ۣ㵱Ҳ˵ˣֻԤ֪Լɵ¶ɻݣֻʣһˣֲʲôɵʿԤ֣⳯˽ﲻϣۏ˻ˮ
Ҳ֪ѣʱܻҸʮĳأôܶѶ࣬Ҷҧͦȥ
㶫ʱùǣ룬ԼԤⶫý飬žӡ
ɸղŴһΣԴڻۣѹָ˵й¶ԭҪ۵ѽ

죬Լڲ¥ż档
ѾûٹĨǣֱٽһá
αʾǣҼǰʹ࣬ɼӶû洦ãҵԲ
ȡɡδĿǺ
һΡġ
Ρ˵һֱץϱĶĿȻԷص̫ĿǰΪֹûʲôչ
ΡģڱԱԣܲԤ⵽ЩĿķλ
νӵݸϺûþͱԴ۵ͷ󺹣ֱ˹ȥ

ʱ۾Ͷĵǡ
໹ʹ̫Ѩ˯˶ã
ʱѾع鵽ϣûñѬ˰ŰѬѵģ㵽׿ʲôˣ
۾뵽ղĻ棬૵󣬾ɶǱߵɽ
󣿡ʮֲ⣬Ϊʲôῴֶ
ҪˣҵøϽߡ񼱼ææһݣյ£лл㡣
ղεʱ̫ˣԺɱεҵС
ԭҲûָϵȥһͳ£Ͼۣþˣû׼һغֻҪһ볯ܵţԤֻ֪ҪϵµĻᣬ϶øá

صԼͨӿĶѰ˵ˣɶǳ͢صأǱߴ̵ɶ󣬿ҿ˶ãĹԱͻĽ췽ǵķܴʡϣȻϱ͢ȴԾɲ䡣
Ѱɫѿ˼ǣǻ̰īʡǲ󣿡
ˡȱıǻǲֿࡣ취ҰϢ͸¶¡
ֱ˵϶Уҵúúһ¡Ѱⲽ뵽һˣ磬ҽɣ˵Ļš

828ɹ2

ɢμǰǬ幬ۡ
߻ûסΪͷۣ˵μɫôã£ǰô˵
СأҪ£㵱ŰٹٵֱԣҪǲūȥ
ˣ
ӦȥͰѺμ˽
μڵϸ񣬵õվһԡ
ʣμ˽ޣҪ£
μԥһ¡
ɶǳ͢ضıصأ˳صǼԱԱһŲ֪
൹⣬ΪҪռ¿ļպͼʱԺμ֪ɶôط֪ǳı⣬һǿ˵ġ
ϳ˵ɶǱиϢͨĿڣӼ仰¡
μɵһӾԤѻ¡
Ҳ˵Ҫ˵һû
ಢûԤ⵽ɶκ״μ޷ȷ˵ĺϢǼ٣Ͼǻû£һǰñ֪мٳ©ԤԲ棬סɴõԴ
ˣμΪ˶ԷðôգɳЯ֮һֱûᱨµиĻᣬȴʮּ֡
ɪɪ󣬺μﰵĻܳ棬Ȼ󿪿ڣϳҹ󣬶Ǽס
ԣüĿչʲôļף
μģϳޣȫ͸ϳĥһޣɶйء
տڵƺʲôһš
ɶ˾ΪսҪء
˾ڰǵƤӵ£ɶȴǳ͢أȵʱڣƹ˾½Ρ˾ľʻ޴ںܴȱݣһõзƣ޵Ĵʽڣǽ飬һޣӲϿʼѲľıΪʡ
Ȼţ첻ֺķѾ޴ҪȫֻȸĽ췽ѿʡޡ
ɸĽ췽£һһϦɵģϾҪڼٺĲĵǰ±֤ʵǸ⡣
ɶǱҲ˵ˣĿǰоУ޷ȷʲôʱɹ
ںμȴмףĪǣǸĽˣ
֪ˣ°ɣ
μ˳ȥ֮Ρ
ɶľӱΪǰԼĪˡ
αǵĶ죬ÿ¸ѲһΣƽﶼھǡ
˵´٣һҲҵϾ˹
鷿Ǭ幬ƫӼ
ĩμ¡ιعȥ
ͷƽ
л¡վһԡ
Ƭ̣޽һϢ˵ɶıĽнչˣ󽫾˵˵û¶
μһ¡
˵ֵ꣬Ľĳֵµ֧ӱΪ´󹦣۹͡
εԴɫʮѿ
췽ϢյûãѾɶµĹԱᾡ£ҪӦĿϡ
ȱԸ߼򣬹Ӧܻ꣬ٱ֪
ɽû뵽ô͵Ϣ
ֻǳͨ籨š
Ϊѿܣ룬Ǳ˿ӡ
ǰ֪ϢǮˮƯ᳹׸ฺ𽻽ӵĹԱ˺ƤҪǣʹŹ
˼ˣһպޣ޲ܰͨ籨֮˾ж˿顣
¼ϲò۵Ļɣ롣
ر£ĩոյõϢĩδǰɶʵϱ۾֮ӣǵմŭ
ý͵ĿŽΡ
֮ǰμ𶫱£տʼûϣȺμߺԽԽòԾμЩָֻǰְλԽ޴Ұˣֻܵ㵽Ϊֹ
Ǹˣ΢һϣԵȽνֱӾ˵ѾյĽɹϢĿΪ̽Ρ
Ȼһ̽̽
ɶǱߣ⡣
θضٲɶعԱϣĿǰݾߣݸʡϣ˾һϲ£ôŰɣ޼ղͬ󽫾ǰɶʵˮƵ࣬󽫾Ҫע尡
֪Ϊʲô仰̲ס˸¡
صϺ˴鷿
һȺ
ô˻زסһܣ˴ôԶĵطͨ籨ŻץҪʬΣ

˵ܿղͬȥɶ
ȫ˭ǷղǰЩЩΪ׼ҵɣǸӸյģβ˵Ҳ˵˾ôһ·Ƶɶ

죬˺μô֪ɶģ
֪ĶֻǸţôϸʱ򣬺Ѳɡ
μ΢ٵи㵽ϳ
Ŷλ˭ںδ
μϳϳӣЩʱձǻȤϳΪ½Ҳ١
ȻϲµĳôĨǣɶ£ʮ⣬̬ҲԿЩޱĿԴ

μѰᣬѹѰ
ѰȻǵһʱת
˵ԼúμЩãѾղͬǰɶʵϲѣ̫ˣ
Ѱһĵӣ̾ΪһŮˣôլ廨ƼңȴƵò͹¡
񲢲ÿ࣬ÿﳯ͢һ£;Լɹֽһ˵ɥˣϾ͸дŸݳɹҲ֪Ķˡ

829Тң3

յɸ봫ʱ黹ڰ·
Ρ˷ڷϢбſ˯ȥⱦмϲãΡɵظ𴽽ǡ
βʼӣΡۻ۽ëϻⱦ֮ѹŮСϸ̺׼ʸš
ʱԪ߽üͷҲˣǺҪףҪҸдŰɣٲãһȥҲɣⱦСأô˺ӣ
ΡɫذɫƽҲչһӣһҪϰߡ
ԪһƨƣҶûףԭ򵽵ʲôǼææ⣬Ҳû˵ʣ֮䵽׷ʲô¶ˣ
˵ģܱ壬ԪһֶûŹ۵ü޸Ρƶƾĺò㵱ٲ˵ҲеǴǮҪ޷˵ؼ޸μɡ
һԭ飬ɵʲôأһ·ϣԴҲûͨ
ȽԪļΡѹûţ鵭Į÷·˲ˣԼ뷨Ҳš
㳤Ҳǵһִġ
Ԫ֪Լ˵˾󲻾ĻȴûջأʵǱ
Ӳˣ뵥ɣ
˭ŮƵĽ˭ְĽд֣˭Ϊ˴ĵԴ̸
ԭܲһ㶼˼Щ˵ͺ˰ɣ
ԪķŭΡûҪ͵˼ⱦ˯𳳵
Ԫȥ˿ãصԼķ䡣
Ҷỹں
СһﵹûޣǼףһ·϶ЩˣҲ˵С죬һ˭Ҳϴģ
ԪҶʣ๫ȥˣ
š
ô
ûʳʲôԪ̾ҡͷҪ˵Ҳ湻ĵģӣ˵Ӿˡ
ʱȻײŲģҪҲҪ
Ԫһ㶣漴ĿתСһϣ˵ɶ
СԴ
ڷ˵ⱦţ͵͵ģû̫ܻܺҪӣܳס
ǲ֪ЩʲôԪɵذۣպСһ˵ʵ
Сһֱ˦Դˣʲô֪
ԪҶԿһۡ
Ҷ˰๫鶼ѾˣΪѽҲȥʵˣԺⱦҺţû¶ġ
ԪйֹινСǼ⣬̰ʳֲúóԷŹ˷ͺţȥõԵġ

Ρţȥϵ
ϵ̾̾
֪ԼɴСͲãû뵽һôĶϱֹؼʱ뿪ɡ
Ҳ֪μʲôҪøСôĥ
ζҲڣոϵ˵ⱦСûﲻУҪͳТȻݰﰲˣҸľţ˰ģҲһ˴ôࡣ
ߵķףТһԳףڶ꿪ʼ㣬ҪТꡣ
Ҳ˵ףµʱڣΡٻ飬ȫԵģ͵Тˡ
ϵû˵ͬ⣬Ҳû˵ͬ⡣
ɡΡζش˸к
ܵܣζɸͬ顣
ǰĽΡȢ˸ò绨Ĳ˵Ļ׹ݣͷԪֱû˭ˣ
Ϻ룬ζɵʱŭºͦԼСԸͷĵܵܡ
ҲΪۣŻû˲УҪи飬·أ
ΡӦ硣
ζɵҸոջڸ¡
ΡƤһʲô£
òǺôζɵⱦЩʱտ޵ɤӶˣٴˣ֪׵׸粻ҪӰ죬ŵȰɥ£Тҡ
ΡһۣпոңȰԼҵ¶
ζҭɫǺ죬ɣô˵أΪá
ҲΪ˶áΡϾˣôĻ£øȥ毣Ǹμһô˵㡣
⻰ǳװζɵ͸ס
û˼ٴȥҸھ뿪ˡ
ζߺϵſڣû飬ո˵ЩڣԸúĥһ£ӻСңӾϰˣͻᵱ
˵ε̾˿ݸ߹ۼʲϣҲû£ŻҪߣ߰ɣ
ΡûϵĻϣ뵽ʮǰɩԼǰЩӺ޶յĸ毣뵽ԼЩζӳ¡

յΡĻţѾǺüպдţһаãСѾͷæҲҪǵðʱԷ˯չ˺Լ
ƲƲ죬Ұ׸һˡ
Ѱֹʣɶдʲôˣ
ҳƪ۵ظдԼɵĵһ¶Լĵãϣһֶûἰ򣬾дЩ
Ѱӹȥ˿ɲӣҾͦ˵ˣעص㲻ʲôûչ˺Լⲻͦĵ𣿡
Ҳǡ
һڵ̺òֺ½ⱦͽȦź졣
ѰŮ˼߹ԱߣοԼҲ˵ˣ굯ָһӼ䣬ˣҪĵ¶أ
ҲûޣǿĺӣƲסԼĺӡ

ʳǣ
һ¶ñİ̽ڸʹ㱨
޷ټ̽´̽ǰ˱ϢղǰɶʵɶǶȫ͸ģòĿǡ
ʹӵ͵ָ⣬ԭ޵ϸŭɫϴλͰľ·ɱϰٰ̽ȷ˻ҵһļƻʮСʵۣС
̽ʣô
߲ǻںôʹ乴𴽽ǣŸǱߵ̽ӣɿٸմ壬ôĿֻţͲųң

830죨1

⼸ȻδȴҲûôţÿѰ˵˵һ߹עɶúǱߵĶ
ɶǱûѰˣƾ󳤹ݣҪ붯ùϵ̽ĳЩϢҲ̫ѡ
֪֮ǰ𶽲ɶúĴ󽫾ںʵ;ȾϷ纮ʮأһֱãص½˶һְ½˾ɶúǱߵıĽΪ˸ʡϣ½֣û˻Υ͡
Ѱ˴̽ϢοЦЦѾˣαǱĶĿ
òԿһ䣬ֶӣǿɲһܱȵϵġѰɡ
Ȼ֪ǸĺӣˣЩţԽҵݾԽס
ϴκμһ㣬ϷӦμ˵ġסֻǷ˼ɶ⡣
ôͨ͸һڣܿͻڵμϡ
Ŀǰġԣ֪ɶڱ㣬Ҳܾʹá
ץٸɵʵ£һǰ֣ǰˡ

緹ȥң毵ķصλá
ԭҲȥ毣˵һȥ

ϣִƬ̣ʳڣ˵ĻҾΪס
ٲҲ˵ˡƺûκӰ죬ҲȰҸδ˺ͺõģôɲء
ûȰ۽ޣʧȥ毣ʦʧȥĸҶܸͬܣʱʧ⣬Ҳ˶뿪ǶԣǻԵĴ֮ĸѵǺ벻ɵĵزԵɥʱ˽¸˵˵ʵǷȱ
ţӴδͣ˽룬ԹĿķ˱Ҫö࣬ԣ㲻ʲô
죬Լһ仰ɴûٽǻ
˺ܿ쵽˾ء
ڶɷضһ۾Ϳ·ء
ǰձŵģһͷһڷĹЩԶ˿µ
ֽǮʱˮһ̡
ˮϷʱˮ˵ǴѾʣǵôֶŮڹʱϲˮȵۺ̫Ӹһ֦֦ժЩȥ˵֦ʮֻϲ
˵毻ϲҲŻϲ
ȥ½̫̫ҪЩӣȻȥѾͷ
룬ѾͷڸûС
վڷĹǰ˺һŶȼһ㣬ְѹóЦŵ֪毰ˮˡ
ӲĹϵĻҳһԲ
ˮʯָⴥֵĿϣ˵ĳԲ毣ˣȪ֪úȰỌ̇̄عҰһжġ
ĹĶ΢٣ͷһۡ
ûжҪŻȥΣֶŮˡ
ɻ󣬿ʱмܹżˣˣΪҪ룿
óϵȥõͷȥ
еģڻ԰ˡд裬ˡϰ书ʽݳ̶ȶá
ΪΣ࣬˲ܴƽɫ
ʱīСˡ

˽ͳӲͷӦʮƽȥԺ
ˡɫЩŹˣʲô
ôһηʢ΢˳ľ
ˡ޹ǣ¶Щɼġ
Ůҵ£ͱˡνī㣬ǰ˼ֻͷ˸磬һȥɲܸɩɩۼҵ¶Ժ֡
ˡǳ˳飬ɩɩôҲǸˣ𣿡
ʧЦڣôŰɣȥˡ
εԼԺʱѾһ
µԷΪʲôνţ͸żǴ𣬡ͣȻӭӣΪֻӣҽЪ˼
εĵǣԷǸϰ֮ˣӲĿ϶УǾֻġ
²豭վǵסεĸ첲˵ϳĳΪŵļˣҾúбҪһϾ񣬽Ҳڼš
ĳκЦؿ
üȻأ
Ǽ黹ʡ
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ǰθΡŶͦ棬ϰм˵ЩĻ͵͵Ϊһ֮һŸʽÿ춼дһ⣬治¼ճֻ¼֣֮ʣӵ
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Ȼ˲죬ӴǰջʹķԸϯ۵ǧ硣
Ʈѩϯڰص˴Ǭ幬䣬ͷ˵ɻǽϺһصƴӺůĴģ˽ȥͲٳ硣
ѰǺ½̫̫һģϱͼλվһ˵ʲôŮĸĹװ˽Ѱһӱϳմĸˣ䣬Ƿ׷ǰ
ūƣӾūÿһײ㶼ֵʮԣһײͬڸɽ
λڵʱλߣӵĻǼûУ¼ôԼλ˺ǻϲº˵òǺܺãЦ
֮ŹŮԼλ
ӴڱʹλϣʱʱϯڵȴʲôȻʼյȲЩʧ䣬ڳ
ЩΪʹȣ˳һЩţǹͳġ
Ȼ⣬˵úޣӴǴˣǵʦΡķˣȴ۰ͨǰμ̫̫ΡҪǹٻТû룬֮ͱ۰ųΪŮ٣ÿ빬
ʱ֪ϢӴԼһ߻ء
ʦʵ۰ͨڰٹǰĿŵ
ʲôɰ£
˹Ȼǡ⣡
ʱصĸߺϼݵʺݵ
ԣ׷׳йд
ӴҲʹվ˸Ҿ
ߵ׽Ӳӵ£һ֣ƽ
˻صϯλſڣ˵һοףȻǧ翪ʼ

845ף1

żڿ˿Ҳ輧ڵ衣
Ӵ˿ھƣλǿյģüЦЦ׵Źиž޵Ůӣ˳֪ĳտɷһݣ
֮ǰͼˣڰصװģʣһ
޳ָžƱĮܲңû
̲ۡסЦ
ʹ뾩챻ɱ£ʹ￪ú󹬣¥ڽֵ¡
Ź빬ֹʱǾĻظ˶ýޣһ֣ˬ
̬ȶڳˣȻЧǱ߶ʹŵ̬ȻԺôһ㣬ѹûʹŵ¡
ԣǰӴʹ죬Ҳûд󳼹Ǵк
ǳ豱࣡
ӴĵĻһٳ
ԱиʹүΪء
Ӵ߬žƱɣת˲ЦݣʵǧҲȱϯԭаմԳʶǣĳţȴǴ۽ˣĳڴ˹سʱ˹顣
ԣڴ볯ٺ
˵λµ۲ŴԣΪ֮۷ڸϣ治ôء
۵ţĻ⣬ȴҲǳݵĻ⡣
񱻱ʹôذᵽ˵ֱȥˣ
վڶʺԱ߲Զ嶬Կһۣؿϣȴݣ˾ױݵϣЦûΪӴһȥ
㶡
һ˵˴ţѹͲЩţ
ôţίˡ
ôãôǿأ
Ѿӵˣʲô
òᣬΪȻʺĸᣬԲŻ곤˼ɣ
ˣû
ǱԲúһϷȻδʹϯϵĸӴ󳤹ŮȷʵǸˡ
⻰صʱ˿ҵʦǳղԣû֡
˵ҳ󲻿Ǵ㵱űʹŵԼλεĹϵ
Ǹ޲ҵطȥ
ѰҲǱŵĶᵽɤ۶ֻŶͷºҥԣѲɣСӻ桭
û꣬һת볯ޣվʮȨĻʹӽڰصȫǻʹĹͣžĸ֣͸Ϊʡ
⻰ڷ̵Ҫûлʹʱʮ֣ͲнգĽգȫһŮ˸ġ
Ӵȴ˱˼
˵ԼڰصȫǻʹĹͣڱ࣬ʹǻʹøӴΪʹŴģҲǻʹ
ѵ˵Ѿ֪˻ʹװʹ£
ܣ¶Ǿܣʹȫǩ˱Эģʾͨ죬Ҳô̵ʱھͷֻʹ˳
Լˣʱñס򶨣˷硣
ţӴͷǽɢȥعʱֵڲ֪ʱѾ˿輧Ǽ裬Ĵ󳼣ʼ̸Ʊյɺ̨ϵǽϵҹ齻ӳյ費Իͣһɸƽʢ֮
Ļ棬Ӵ΢΢ü֪ǸûмЦĽһŮˣǸ÷ŭǾȻӱ࣬һ¶м
λϣϾԣسŲˡ
ͷһε֪Щԣ˵գ߹ѵͷǾȻºµҥҲñԺãһʶҪȵۣǿӲֶΰҥԸѹȥˡ
ǲƮҥԲţʺ󲻱ض룬ֻ̥ܰǡ
һ㶣ڸ
빬ôãʵѾϰ䵭ȻôһͣкƱʲôЦЦһ߾ܣƽ±µĵһӡ
ЦȻСϣżΪĸҸһ˵
΢³ޣšһû˺󻰡

һգصƽռլۡɱһƬ
ԭջʹļƻ׮ǻռ빬;У֪ذõߣ룬ռҾȻûȥ硣
ĹϵѾֽʹڣֱɱȥռң
һİ޶ȥ˳ΪıԼһڸϵⲨˡ
Ȼȵˡ
Լֵµİʹ⼸׮һƬݶϵƬƷ˲١
ռլۡ󣬴ǽһ˻
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ɾͿոĲͬѰȰȥʵȷʵ죬Ͻ鱨ʳǣʳǰٰϢŮߡ
ǹ翪ûãһʮֲ۵ĹŮŸ۶ңϢӵ´
֮˸ʮѰơ
ŮȴˣԮոǼవ׮һ򾡡
Ůºžյ͸裬Ȼǰ󲻵һӣС̫༱Ҵҵܽڵ£ˣˮˡ
ԣ˴ʧɫ輧ǲòٴͣ£˵Ŀⶼ䵽С̫ϡ
Ӵ͵վɱڣС̫࣬˵ʲô
ʹɻأ
ҲǾһô£
̲סһֱĦոٵĿĵʲôˡ
ݣȷķ
Ӵŭò񻰣ǱѾ˹ȥʹڵڣʧҲǮϵʧ˫ӻ͸ɡ
Ӵסʹδһܵһʱӳһ棬ҲֻһӣʱֹҲ˵ǡ
룬ӴһʹȾܳ˰صֱݣȴڰ·Ϯϱһֱǰԡ
Ӵһʱڵϴ˸׼ͱһֵιȥ

846ƣ2

Ժ
ӴۣԼİķѾˣ΢һƫͷԲǰȲ裬ӣǵȺѾá
Ӵͫһ뵽Լ֮ǰԭǿӱ׼ȥȻʹģ˵˵ԼҲδ
ȻԵõģڡĴƺӿԺӴɫʲô
ղŶһ£ԼιҩڻǶģ´
Ӳϲôҳȫѽǳһڲ裬Цӯӯس̬
Ӵһ
ϣڳһʱŮʮкøУбɫԻ󵽣ԶԶﲻϲĳ̶ȡ
֪۵Ĺ֮£ڵǸ˵ˡ
ϲǺǣʲôЦ
²豭ؿȦϣԵģӷңһģȴڻʹǰϣҸЪһҹȥʹôأͷۡ
Ӵɫ䣬Ȼ֪ʹ˳
ûˮʶףӴӿŭȴû취йֻ񣬺޲١
촽ƲֻΪ̽̽ʹ֮мＸˡ
ӴɫѿЦģûõҪĶ֮ǰʹˣôܳıƵˣ̫ϧ
Ӵ˱ۣγʹ̫ˣûϵʲƣѹûɴ̿ͺͰհٰǣʹǣ뾩˼ʱ̫ҽϣֻһ˼࣬ɼǴӹŹش˸תֻ
ǧ磬һֻžȻʹϵµס
ѹûϯ۵磬ԭǵ
ӴգȴҲֻǿԼ˿ǿָƽҪʲô
һҪĺܶ࣬𡣡
ԣӴ۵׻һĨ䳰˶Ҫģ˵ĳ谮ˣôζСʵۣ뻻ԣ
񷴸׽š˶仰ǳǳһЦ¸Ŀ
֮⣬뻻ҲǸ
ӴɱĶУ̲סƿڴˣ
ʱǷݺøеȻ޴档
ԭѪôˬĸоվúЪŰɣһݡ
ҪȥӴŭ
ӦģֻйѾ׳Ժ

ĹɢˣѰѾԺů˵ůȥ᷿˯
Ѱ²죬ºǹۣ֮仹ôһͬ⣬أԽԽ
յԺſھůﴫߵůǰȥ
ֻ֪ǰ³ȥȴ֪ȥʲôʣȥĶˣ
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ԭͽһǺأôˣүûˣ
Ԯ֡Ǽ׮ѾץүӦû¶
üͷô֪ЩҪ԰ůֵģУʲôˣ°ߵůĿʲô
£ʶԼүΧΣķһʲôʱ֪
ȻǹۣҲûԼԤ֪£ֻصǴӱǶõϢ׼°߰ůģǱˡӦûǵϴȥ;УǷεĴɱȻͰˣԾɲġ
ô˵ǵĿ껹ǰľ뵽ǸԶĺӣɵõҺү뿪ʱ򣬵ǰѰľ˴峤峤Ҳ֤ᾡһпܱľİȫȴЩˡ
бµǶءֱӴ߰ľǾͲ򵽰ůͷϣðůвүֱȥˡ
һ벻ףΪʲôҪ߰ľա
ȻΪʹоŰľת֮ţҪȥһͳ¡
Щ񲻺ֱӸ½ֻͣٵ˵ȥӦ˵ʹ𰣬ľĹĸ޵˱࣬շʹǲðľ䵽Լˡ
ѹһ͵峤ȻǸŮˣ޺ޡ
ľǳˣȥ˱࣬ݵ
ӵôģ
컹£밾ҹûʹߴ»طЪϢ
±ޢȥͷ֮ˮϴ
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ĸŮ֮Ѱ񣬽칬ϣ¹˻ʺеϢ¶ǲ֪ˣ
˳Ƶͷǰֻʱʺﲻ˵Ҿûǰ𡣡
ѰȻô˰ѸӴٵˡ
һЦˣΪ£
ڳǵİ׮ֲͼѾõˣ˵ƽ޲̶ˮܵٻһЩźá

һ磬Ӵ˯УͱѹѾݴǰͣ¡
ϳĲͨ򣬶ĸߵĳԭ½Ӵȥÿȴ͸Ӵ˸۶ۣƬ̣ȻүѾˣǾɣݵˡ
ڳԺһޣȻǱʲôûӴǾʮ裬ͬʱ䳰
޴ǳŮˣΪͻʹĹϵôδҲ̫֪ˣ
ÿķţӴĥһúøʹϼƺϼƣôܵ跴ȥ룬Ÿմ򿪣ӭ˦һİơ

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Ӵ⧲ֱӱˣ˼Щʯף̧ͷͼվſڣ£һɺ멣԰ײ̬ϣһ˵ŭ
Ӵϻʹվֱ𰱧˱ȭ
ǰһưĹ룬𰴭˴ϢôȣʣҹĶ
ҡӴ˵壬ܸܲ߻ʹԼŮ˸ȥ˳ιҩһ϶á
Ҹİ׮ֲͼ㣬˭ʡ
ûˡӴ֪ģҼãһ㶼ĺ󼴷١
øĺ󼴷١뵽Լһҹ֮а׮ǻֹסѪӿҪ㱻ɫ˱Ǿͨı£һϾͰҾĲöİ׮ȫˡ
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𰵱Ȼ֪ƣ˵˵׮ֲͼôй¶ȥģ
ӴҲһãȻ漴üͷǰﲻ˵а׮𣿿ҵģֻвְ׮ֲͼɼͼǴй¶ȥģǣڲ˼ϸ
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ճͱδߣѹûüκŹеﰲȥִǼǲʧˣ
׮ǵĳѨôȫ٣
ַŶͷǼ׮׽ˣ׽ǵģǽ
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ӴǸʲôˣһܱԼôֻگǼλƹѷֲڳǵıవ׮ˡ
һ뵽ˣ;ͷۣͬʱҲɻС
£Ϊμ˳ֱǰԤ֪ĸо̫ǿˡ
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ûгϯ磬ǰܰ޶ȥɭϵĳȻԼڸϣ֪˻һ
֮ˮӴѶϱ˽ߣʧһҹ
ϸӴڣΪˮºĹ˾û취̽κϢֱ˵İ׮ðǰ˵ڳǵĵһˡ
벻ͨһ㡣
Ҫһҹ֮£ͱǰ֪׮ֲλãҽܵĲá
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ôִٵʱڣôܿవ׮۾֪һ򾡵ģ
ǣ͵˰׮ֲͼɱవ׮ļƻҲǰͲúõģ֮ԻȵڲŶ֣ڵ뾩ۿԼѪһ
Ҳ˵֪뾩ô֪ģ
ˣˣֱ˿ӵжͼĸоˡ
Ʋʲôʲô㲻˵ڣҲᱻ˿ӵȻǰ֣͵ͷꡣ
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ĪĿ־ͷƤ顣
ǲʲôָ㣿૵һ䡣
嶮׹ƣ峤ó׹֮ЩҴﲻԤ֪ľ磬Գߵ˲ܳԾ塣
ô˭
֪ôģͻȻ뵽Ǹó볯Ůӣûô⣬ڵ˾ǵӣ˰մԵӰ죬ҲΪǸ**ŮˣΪ˸СʵۺϲŻȲɷ롣
͸ŲԾ
ӴȻҲ뵽˹ؼڣǸ⡣

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һҹ֮ڳǵа׮붼֪ǸŮ˵ɫжã緹˰֮࣬϶¯Ƶ빬ȥˡ
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𽥱¯˶嶳˫ţŵſڷֿ̫仹ûҪ˼
ε££ϵĶŻȥʺǶůů˵һٻСʵ۴Ҳܰôš
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ڸצıϣЦЦˣ
ʮίصͷűԹºúݵģ֪ʲãվ棬ҪǶˣɻͷҪˣô
˹ϵȲһڣԵ˹֪Ϊη㣿
һ֪
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ж̫ǹǣԾѻ𳹵װìܸת죬Ҳ죬ֱӸĲһϾͰ𰾫Ĳöİ׮ϳˡ
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ңǲӵðգֻǣȲˣȲžۡ
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СһûнãԹɵģʲôʹʲôһҲ뷳ˡ
Ѱ˵빬շ˲ù緹Ҿ˻ȥˡ
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ո
һͿԺǽ壬ѾСǽæµʰһŰůֱûӡ
ݣȴϱĿɫ΢΢мֲ԰ףֱϲɴѪ
һүˣ
滺ۣͶһ˫ǽӡ
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нһԽԵ״Ρ
Ѿô򿴹ҩˣ¡潫ֱ㣬ڳЪһҹͺ˰ɣ
˵ЩЩ˼ѹûԹ˵֮䶼ĿοѣֺҪǣֹ֮ԾɻѣǴӴ
浭Цӵǻ
Ҳ֪һȣԼԵøСүû緹ɣæʰԺ䣬ÿգ磬³һóԵġ
ݸá

˵˶սһˣôʤˣŽ׽˼׮گϼѶ
ȴһƬƲҵ
û˰׮ͬڶϵе鱨Դʹϣԭ˻ûȬˮôһţټӰ׮ϳٵجһ̼һϢɫ׵ò񻰡
λʹѾԻ˷ֻʣӴһʮĵؿ𰣬ǧѹĿǰƶǲﲻϢգ˿ȬЩˣ̻رࡣ
Ŷͷ̫ѨǴһֱͻͻͣ
Ҫ԰Ѱľߣ˳ʵȦף³⸱ģʵڲľôػȥ
˱ۣ˵ҳôܲһ۶ɣ׮ûˣĻֲϤǣ㶯ֻ֣ܽȥˡ
ӴɫأȭֻܷԸһ߾ȥ졣
֮ǰҲ˵ô⡣˵űʵ׷ϲرǡ
ҪúÿǸŮϵкιŹ֮
Уʱ취Ϊãض绢
ûУƾݣвʽľҲ´ˡ
Ӵ˽ˣû
ˣ°ɡ˰֣üۼ価ƣ̬

ش֮󣬽նûʲôеö࣬ÿ빬ȥ۸ǰ棬սߵķؽȣȥܻؼҡ
ԽԽ䣬ûʲôӣҲóţСϣѰ졣
ν¸µĻڡ˵ʱҵȥ
ѰţЦɿǶ˼ķǸиġѡ޵ʱֵǽ֪ƸոǣⱻֵİΧ㣬⶯Ȣ֡
ЩźϧûȥƼЩʲô񡣡
ƸպûãȫǵĹעó˵ǸʱҲû顣
ģȻųѰ˵Żһת˹ӣҪദĥϣЩͷԵģֻܶһʱΣÿԸ
ͬصͷνϹһΣӦòϹˣԶ˵ԼһܳܳΣԶΪýŸ˳ŻƭȢ
ʧЦǼʱֹ𡣡
θԶʱѰھǣ˲ԣƽʱû¶̽˵˽£ֱڶûôڳɻһºͺģҲκУֻȻ䣬ôҲһɩɩȥױױҶˣȥɡ
ɡͷϲӣӣӦ磬䣬ʹڸɣ
ĸŮ˵ŻޢͻȻӽ˼֮иŸͷӣ˵Ҫ
Ѱһ㶣û˭
ޢҡҡͷˣū澲ϵ
ѰˣǵʲôҪ񣿡
ʱڣúͰն΢ʣͻȻΪ˰ȫò
¸մõӣСһᣬûȥȥİˡ
ޢ죬˵ʲôû˵ֻתȥĻĺӡ
ޢֻԺ˵ˣӣҿҿ
ޢЩ˵ȥ
ѰЩҿʲô
ޢԴøͣ˵ˣҿ̸ġ
Ѱɫһºˣŭͽӣֱǵ죬˴ȥ˵ط
ȴصЦһ
ѰؿЦʲô
Ҳն룬Լˡ
˵ŷԸޢȥ͡ˮ鿡
Ѱüͷ㵱Ҫȥ
ϴΰ˽ٳֵϣ;òˣٴذӭʱ治ֻ֪˵
ѰĲԸЩ֪İŮһ䲻ǡ
ЦЦҾھǵһ𣬾֪·ߣұߣֻΪ˰ݣôɲϺһ˴Һͱµ֣ҰԼŪΪ˷£Ѿ˺Ļˣôʲô
Ѱ̾˿֪ѣҲ㣬ɡֻҪûΣգֻ˳ԼȥɣԸܸµɴҵžۡ
ģһ첻ԶˡЦŵͷ
Ժֱ͡ˮ鿣ԶԶؾͼһߴͦεĿ棬һɫۣǸӴ

850Ӧˣ3

ŲӴعͷͼһĨӰź𻨲֦ҡ΢΢ζ
캮ѩȾ˸ǽһƬã˵׺ΨһһĨɫʣһüɰܽػ䡣
ӴһʱЩˡ
䣬Ѿߵˮ¡
Ǹģ˶ޢѸӴͬʱ˻Ȳ裬ˮҲ˼硣
֮ǰѾ棬Ҳףȥֱ˫ַڻϷţƻؿڣ˵ү£
Ӵǹ𣬡ҹһ𣬿Һ˺Щӵ˼ء
𣿡̧ͷ촽ȾЦȻ˼Ϊβң
пɽܼŵģӴƺЩԹҽ˯һҹ춼ûȫʹͻȥľ顣
üò˵ľ飬õˣҪֻЬ
˹ɫֻЬҲе
ô
Ȼ
ЦЦǰѾ˵ӽ̸ģһţڿˡ
Ӵݸĳ֮ģؿɼ
ͷԼֵ̧Ȳ裬һȻ˵Ҫ̸ģ̸ֻҰűǡ
ӴӹȲ裬ĿаϸָƬ̣и̣ѡۣΪΪ
ǺСӲѡ⣬Ҫ
ˡӴͷ
ʲôˣ
ӴֻǸӣ޷㿤õ㣬ֻܿˡ

ΪӴ˵ģ룬˳ʲô졣
ڣļ죬һ춼û£ֱѳԼҡ
ûڼңӴ㼸һãýַƼˣҥȥ˵һѰ»ﶼȥˣһ򣬸塭Ŷÿ춼ᡣ
Ѱʮѹ˼գֶһʮʮ٣ͬвͬİ汾ѹסģֻ񣬸˵ԣøӴˡ
Ц˵Ը̧Ȣҵ
ѰҲţ
Ű˵ҲţһӦˡ

851ף1

Ѱһ￪Цأ
ɫʮأұȥһ˱ࡣ
Ѱǳ״סˣþòŷӦ˵ʲôʲôȥࣿһŮңôܡ
͸Ӵ취ŪȥԾ˳ˮˡоϻ˵뻢Ѩɵû˳бҪɱѣôһֻӾ籱ͳ֮սʱܾˣܿ࣬ڱͳһɽ˼ȥõİ취ȥ˱࣬Щ飬ܵõǱ߲˽
Ѱһ֣üֱҡͷô¶ɲһܾģž۵˼ɱʲôطǵйڳʲôܻһһ뿪µȥ࣬ٻ㣬ʱ¶ô죿
⼸Ѿĺˡƽ빬ȥ£¡
ѰֱӰŭҲͬ⣡
һ㶣δԼƢɼ¶Ĵ̼
Ѱ˵ߣȥ˱ҲţҾһ˫ŮھǣҪȥ˱ʲô¶ô죿ʱҪˣô
Լ͵Ѱʱľûйִ˵ԼƫҪȥǽԴᵽѰϸһȥ飬Ҳòףұ㲻ȥˡ
ѰԾ̬ȼҪȥ

Сʱ󣬳ڻʳͣ£й̧СΣ󳤹̧ȥǬ幬
˲֪԰Żʺ÷
Ѱ񲻵òתȥ԰
һѩ԰Ļѩ˴ɨøɸɾ¶ƴճɡ»١Ĳɫʯ
ѰĸŮڶʯϣ߹հƣʱͼˮϵԲܼⶥͤСãˮ˱һϺ÷ޡ
һʱ㶭ʺͤʮ̫ࡣ
ȻһͨȲͬʱĿ⳯߿
񲢲η˶Ŀ⣬ɫݣһƬ̹
˸ͤϼЦˣʹĸ
Ѱ˶һۣۺлȥͤ¡
йŮȲ
˫Ų豭ůů֣ɨۣݸ˴ǲѹֱˡ
æҼЩӹֲͣʱͤ÷Ľ顣
ѵûʹĸ빬һˣǡɰ÷ãʺŻʹĸ߰ɡ
ϵҪѶ˸֧ˣվӦ֮Ѱʹĸȥ÷ɡ
Ѱ򴽣һۡ
üЦﶼ˿ڣͱˣȥҴ˵С÷Ҷժ֦ȥƿ
ԼѰֻĬĬ̾վŻʺ뿪
Ѻʮ̫ȫǲȥŻʺ¸ֻͤʣˡ
ĮĿûʲôر˵ɣʲôż빬ޣ
ûǴЩæӦνġһ򡱸ӴѾþû빬ˡ
ֱԵȥࡣ
Щ⣬ȥʲô
֮ǰ뷨ô˵ϸˣʹڳ˶ʱգҪô޵ʱûʹʣʴŭҪܡ룬ȥ࿴ֻеǶҲʩչȭŵĻᡣ
ôȥʡ
ЦЦЩһֱңҴȥ࣬ڳİ׮ȫ٣ʲôûУֻܿôϧŵλݣĿľȥ࣬ҴӦˡ
Ժ׵ķʽȥࣿԴżֲͬ
ĬϣײС£һȷ漰ľƣһȥ˱࣬޺ѱ֤İȫ
˶٣񣬡Ҫһ㣬Ӧ˸ӴΡͬ𣿡
ײ˻Ů˵˼Ƚܾڴ߰ľִŹͷŪȥ࣬ҲΪ˰ҵвµĳ룬ñ½ľϸ룬ľǸӣת㱻˱࣬ܰʲôȴƵģΪ˰ľϧ԰ʹ˵ʲô
ıλ߸ȨԼŮʣʵֻҪڣʾܹͣǼȻֿɵõĶǰôΪβҪҪˣͶôһȦӣֻΪ˴ľȥһͳ£߼ǲͨ˳ģм϶ʲôҲ֪ԭҵȥŪû׼ⱳĻպþܼʺ𰷴Ŀأ
Ŀ˳ִڴ߰ľ¹Ȼ㲻ãиΪô
˴ֵ˵ΡΪھǸޣȴԱ࣬ϧ״뱱ڲ㵽ʲôΪ޾ã뵱ŮʵǸ㣿
һԼֵþȻ㼱
ʲôŮʣŲϡֻո๫ž۰ˡ
Ȼƶ׵£޲ͬ⣬಻С̾£ͼ֮㼤ֻԼվΡô˵Ҳ޵ʦѧ԰ʦŮͼȥʲô
Ǳ洫ʦŮм飬ô˵
ҭҭ漴һֻ֣Ҫ˵Ρͷôڡ
ֲŮˣܲš

س̵ϣѰŸƵĻǰ÷԰ժС÷
Ѱȴ÷Ŀؿ񣬡֮ǰڸ̸ͤôˣ
˱죬˵ֻҪ˵ɣ㲻ҡ
ѰһˣҾ˵ٺͿҲӺ֣ȥףҪܴӦǸɵӣҪôĲҪˡ
̾Ȼ֪ϣãظʸΡдţǵԼԼĴ㣬ͲͽҪᡣ

852㣨2

ݡ
Ҷᱻ̽УϵζɷޣԪСڡⱦԼһź֡
Ρ鷿ţȴô
ĿҪ׼ȥһÿ¡
ʱ鷿ű졣
Ρ
֨ѽһƿԪΡôϲ¶ôȥأ
Ρһ÷㣬ԪЩɻ󣬡˭дţ
Ρ˹ذŷŽϻش˵ǵͬš
Ԫû룬뵽ҶܿΪμ»ЦݣѾԸ˳ЩòˣһүǰЩľƿ⣬Ǻúúϼ
Ρ˼ȻûڼϲϣƬ̣Ԫ
ء
Ρ˵ЩҪܻ뿪һӣ£æչš
ԪһǲǱٵȥˣ
˵Тڼó٣Ƕ
Ρҡͷʣ뿪չ˺ýⱦⱦʲô⡣
ԪʮƣʲôȴΡأֻñ졣

ǰЩӱӴûȥѵѰ˸ᣬѰ׼ױ񣬵ʱֱӵҪν
룬λûη
ηһɫѿʲô
ĵ⡣
ӣĴ˵˲١
ʲôΪ˿µۣһߵ͵ɷΡ
ʲôСģζֹϱӡ
֪ЩʱηЩŻһѪ
籾ַһӣȴô֪̳ܵˣôôɺޣʲ
¶ѾõǹŭǲܿƵشܵͷ
𴽰꣬νҪˣױ
ηҧҧͻȻЦλݵͣܲĴ񡣡
ηŭСŤӣû˵
㷴ӦɸǵηŭȭͷﲻãѾΪʦλ˳ôټҪʲôٻûУƫƫ
ɩɩ
ηû˵꣬ͱճδϣҵģأ
ηѹסȥݺ֣Ҫ
³ޡ
ǰ֣ǺƵЦݣôͻȻ
ױ˵
ȥɡ˳ֱۣԼԺӡ
֮ڳ£װĽзŵԲϣЦ˵Ҫǰع»ϲ
ЦŰͷϵĽݸСģȥɣ͵Ǹ⡣
մϲȻգ绶ϲϲؽӹʱѹǰڴ⣬ӷ˵ЩĵĻҪúȰȰǿ
μɲصͷʾ֪ˡ
ӣʶȤ˳ȥ
ſԭȰηĻϣȿ˿ڣνҪȥˡ

ξúϲ£죬ô¶ö˶˵ȥʲô
ҵ֪ġ˵ھǣȫΪɣ¶ϣû˰ңֻԼ취ʹŲôǡǸӼңҾţɴͷȥ࣬ʱټ¡
üѾˣ飿
ˡͷֻŵףҿѾȥ˱࣬û취ֻͣܳױЩ
ǡ󳤹ͱ֪֪ʣʦأɻͬȥУôӵͷȥмƻˣ
һһش𣬡ͱѾ֪ˣֻﲻͬ⣬µ˼ֻҪû㲻ңôȥŻǺס
͡ףֱӾˣû¶ɣ
ⶼӵˣȥף
˵ΡǼٺ밡ȥˣΡô죿
дȥˡԼ˵ɵĻӦվܵҿô˵
ô˵αĸ˻Լȥ޸ˣ˵Ǽٺ룬룬ҲͬģϾӻأ㲻˼ԼҪǸɣ
Ƥ
Ϊ룬ʲô۵ųʱֻվˡ
һʱȻҪΪɸյĿĲô
һĲãⱲӵã˵׼Ӷس¡
ڶԼǰĻ棬Ծɾõսľ
ǰΡףɷ򸾵Ǹҵı磬ˣҲˣһ޹һĿ
һоͺ찲źõһԸЩΡйأòӡ
Ҳӣ˽վȥ׵·
ʹǰ浶ɽ𺣾鲼ֻҪ뵽ݻиؼҵ๫ܰһжȥ
μüͷø˵ģ
ν㲻ңᶮġΣϸƽǿԣҲѸȫ£ҸǼٺ룬ûΪ˭߿ûϲȥ˭ȥ¼ƴʦ˵·ߣ׼ˣ˵ǱʲôֻҪܳɹ;˶ٿ˶ίҶԶֵõġ
ʵ˵û̹ĵĸ飬Ϊ˶Էһ飬ҪŬһ̣Ȱ
̾˿εȰٶ࣬Ҳһ䡮ֵáȻˣȥɡ̫ԶҰﲻʲôÿдȥɣǱûˣУ㵽ˣ˽Ӧ㡣
¶һмЦݣлл㡣

ظϣһͽ粻ɵԹӷ˵ЩҲ̫ˣôɩôô˵
ֹ׸磬ôˣ˵ҼҲӦãûʲôԹġ
ͣȻ֪ΪʲôҪ룬ЩԶǼٵģûиôûйʲôӣȫЩϹ˵
ջصԺѰ˵Ÿˡ
һִѰнӹװŵСͲһƣСȴס

853ң3

дţһ˵£ҡ
÷ɿ죬۾⼸˸ûŲ
ѰķӦʮƣʵдʲôˣ
ûǴӦɶȥ֮ĻӦ
һѰЦȹٸ
⻹صأѰֹһȴûյ˼ŮôЩѵ¶ЦݣҲŸˡ
ãѰ½ţеģöޢȥѾ˳Ϸ
ȻûᣬȴҲ˸Ϸ԰Աʱ֮衣
˳ʱ򣬲ٷϷ̨ӣֱȥϷ԰Ͼܿ
²ذŶޢ׼ùӵĺȲ裬ŰѰ½ȥ
Ϸӵ֣ͦǿûѰ͸ȥ½һϷ
ŲҪƲƲ죬ǹƻ˶ˣ˵Ĵԣ游ĸ϶Ѿ˵ˣǰͲұ½Ҷǵźã⻹ȥ룬𣿡
ʱ½̫̫ʮʱμϣ̫̫ö˵ʲôѰȥǱ߶˼أ˵ʲô̫̫ûҲûȥ½ҡ
½Ӧ볯ʱսɶȥɶһӣŷѾߵġˡҲڣÿ񣬶ӳȥĳ嶯ȻջסˣҲкߺߵġ
Ųӵȣȥ½ңǱߵˡ
ţʲôǱ߼ҲܰΡ
ѰǾѾͷرã˸ְˣȻ񲻿ϣҲǿ󣬾ַԸޢȥ˵һ˾Ϳɡ
ޢӦȥ̨ԴѰͷ˲䣬Ҿ֪ˡ
Ѱֹס̾׵ϢٺҲסˣ游ĸ϶ʡ
Ǿ͵ʱ˵һĲ⣬ץһѹӿš
ϷӼʱ򣬶ϵӴҴǸˡ
˵ţ϶һ˿Ӷʲôܣû¶ǰѿһǸҪĵͽӣ
ɣ

854ı⣨1

Ƭ̺һɫ۵ĸӴϷ԰
Ѱ½ԼһūͶڣ㶣ǰ񣬡⳼󳤹£
ѰûʲôøУ뵽ΪԼŮǼٵģҲӦʳʣֻšһʹƤ½ӣôˣ
һ֡ҧüأڳ˭ó󳤹
ǿӴڿͷӬһ㣬޲һƽĳȥ
ӴҲʲôɵģһ񣬾֪λ󳤹ϲԼѹͲںϾԼĿô
ƳȦϵ񣬸Ӵ۵ײƵӿֳһĨޡ
ȻѾɹӣòԾ˼һξһΡ
ѹֶ󳤹ʱǳһˣŮȻѷɫ
ӴͽĿϣѰԽӦˣӵкµţ
ʱĹӣ缸˷Ը˶ȥ
ͷܿ˳Ϸ԰
ĹϷ԰ֻʣѰԼ̨û˳̨࣬Щ룬˵Ļ
ֱֱӴվô첻ԲĪȲϷɣ
Ӵ΢˹ҽ֪ͨһһ磬ĳԱ壬ס
Ѱɫһ䡣
Ȼе飬ɱӴôһ˵ǰֻޱȶġ
Ǻʲôô
Ӵڱһգսһա
Ҳ˵һڱⲻֵüս˼ɣ
Ӵÿɷ
һװǵı£˴۽أսδֲһ䣬ƾʲôҪСͳ׹
ӴŨüһô˵бҪ󡣡
ҵȻܰװ촽΢䣺˴սǱͳ˧б߾ͼǿϰⶫƸȢңұӦףԹԸȥࡣ
γ޵ӣӴһڣ㣡
ô⣿
Ӵ沿ⶶ˶㲻Ǹ
˵񲻹ǸõЬҲ俪Ƹ񣿾յ󳤹ͶĿ⣬ǹɺ⣬̲ס˸¡
ӿҪٿڡѰһҹ֮ϰٰ׮Ƭ֮ɱ˱һλӣϢ㲻ţԣ
ɭϣϵķѾܲ͸磬ڰǲָǸƷ׸ߵˣһϣӴƴȫҲֻӦһӡ
Ŵָһзʣ׻ǵùȫ֣ٴι֣˲٣⳼ңֻǾҪƸ̫ʵˡ
ȻЭ̲ͨǾٸԿǿǰɡѰ˵
⳼ˡûٿ񣬸Ӵ뿪˳
뿪ķ򣬿ֱЦһΪµģôˣû
Ѱһۣ˵أҪûб°ĻҰڣҲų
˵뵽ʲô˺ɣ֮ǰҪȥ࣬ôٵͷˣ
΢Цŵٿǿ¡
ǲʲô¶Ѱֱ۾
УֺõرסѰĸ첲ҵĳҲȥþ²ͼֱӸÿ
ѰָԴϣѽ
֣ʵϣ֪Ů⣬˵ĸˡ

Ӵصݣ֮ǰڳһһʮ֪˻ʹ
պҩãٴСɹ̫Ժһ߾ͼҿڡ
ӴɫѹûҪ׵˼ЩӣϷˣˡ
Ϸˣ㣬ܵʲôôЦЦسӴ洫öӦţΪ㣬Ѿ˳׵׵ĵΪҪ棬ʼҲҪ𣿡
Ӵʮֲ⣬˼ǣ
̨ϵһ÷Ƭ̽䴵ɣտʼӦǻȥȥȡ裬ɲ֪ΪΣ;ˣԲŻñ߾ͼΪ㣬֪Ѷˣ׵ͷ
ӴȻ򣬡ֻȥ˵ˣûͬ⣬ԲòùİԼƲ塣
ɡ̾Σ˾ûбϿô򵥣֮ǰҲ˵ˣȥһҹҪϵõһȻʲôûõӦòʹ˰ݣپЩʱգû׼㻹żȥࡣ
Ӵͷӱˣʰ·硣
Ц㲻˽Ů˰ˡ

û˸Ӵľڼ˼ա
˳˾ûߣû¶ȥո¹һϷ
ӣܻ壬еҪùʱ򣬳˸Сؤ˵Ǹӿš
һ֪ˣģ˰Сؤӽ
Сؤ¸и˵С˵ڳʮܽˮջſ
˵ţӻͳһɰ
һǺɰϵλƣԼһһȥģб㻶ϲȡ˸ʮӸСؤ󲻹˭𣬶˵ջǸˡ
Сؤӣ˫۷˹⣬ظ֤ģҸŲһˣ֪еĹأ͸¶ֵġ
ЦЦ˰ߣ֮ͻȥѰУ˵Ҫȥ
Ѱδ룬˵ô˻ţҲʲô£ͷȥء
˴ţߵţԸŷ
ŷһ£
в
ΡͨŶŸ룬ɼ±˷˾ǣȻܱ¶ټͷٷϻȥ
֮Ҳһ޳ɣƵʱȥѧһӣȻ㲻϶ãѾ⡣
żΡĳȣŷǣѩʱ˵ʲôֱӲŽŵӷȥ˫һӱӣ㳯ųŷ򼲳۶ȥ
ɫɣб;ũСݣϻűһ˪Ψ̤Ųѩɳ۵İһĨӰա

855Сۣ2

ʮﲢûжԶǸˣʮ֪˶ãܽˮջǰͣ¡
ӲǸСջӱ紵졣
յСӭ⻹ס꣬ιͨϻǾϡ
룬˵Сˡ
ĥôΡò¥ٽĳ֨ѽһ˴
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ľһȣܲ˵˽๫Һѽ
Ρ˳ֽŹϣȻŻĽ˶ʮˣλǺõԭӨ׵Сһִ۸У۵úˮȻŲͬװ磬üĻĻ˼ޣ΢ҹ
ŻһĨܰ㣬Ρ͹ĺ»˻סȣڵȴ²̣ˣ
Լո뵽˸õİ취úҲȥ࣬͸оһתѾ˴ᱧֱӵβϣĽ

һֱΣŵԡԷ
ڵĻƻľԲǰŶ洹ʢˣ뵽ʱġСһĺ¡
ΡʢСƵǰԼһ˫۾ˮ˵ǰί
µΡȴǲԣ
ʶúˣԹԶ˹С룬ܿͺȵüףȻ̧ͷ
ˣҲˡ
Ρˣ
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֣ΡеԼԱ£ӿͳӣһһŴаϸ۵ָЦЦȥ࣬ӸҴñࣿ
񲻸ҽǻֻͷԼֱϸá
һֻΡ֡
Թ֡
ΡԾɲϸܳʹʹȥ࣬ô򵥵⣬ҪףӲˣ
ûгӲʲôġţֻӱ뵽ѡ
˵ţؾһ
Ρһôˣ
ղţղšû˵꣬Ѿ͸סߴٵȥҩ
Ρ
ּ͵͵ľǣҲܻУʵĳЩԣϴˡ

Ρ¥ץҩȥջԺҩֺٺȥ
û˺֮ǣһЦҩ룬ºˡ
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䣬˵õ꣬Ѿȥüˣ๫ٵȵȣȱ˱࣬Ǿžˡ
Ρ޵Сϣ˴뾩ûдϻȥ
һ㶡
ȥ
ȥѵھǣҪʷ֪˿Ǻð
㵣Ρ˵ȥࡣ
񳹵״סΪΡֻΪصͷģ룬Ϊȥࡣ
ʹĿһֱǰľ̸£Ρľݳʹ࣬ȫеġ
ƺʲô๫˼ǣʹҪľǾԳʹΪѰľȥ࣬һܳʹĿģ
Ρףһۣԭô뵽Ҫȥף
߾õͷ๫ڣԱ䱿ˡ
Ρ̧֣ķҾͲˣⱻ˷ֻ鷳ȥұ飬һͬⰲʹȥ࣬˴档
ͷ뵽ʲôҪʹ࣬ʹɶ๫ʶģʱҪôɻأ
Ρ˵ʹװΪβװȥࣿʱС˱ǡ
Сˡ
ţ̲סЦ
뵽ԼװСͯ참ˮתֵҪװԼСˣһȥࡣ
С˺ðʮͬҪжߵĹÿ츺ȣ浽ͳɡ
ǰҪ˽ʹ
ΡЦЦʹ
ˣЦø֮Ǽӵ״֪ҶѾУĻϲô˵ҾҪˣ
һμұͬãһֱεʢϧˣҲС
һٷ꣬ɫ˲òеʱ
վˣ๫һҪౣأˣչ˺ԼŶˣôæǲûʲôҼǵθǱߣ㻹кü׶µģһȥ취õ㡣
ΡҡͷЩܽС⣬ģ˵񲻱¶棬ٻؾ˷˿ãСĽЩΪ
ͷ๫Ҳ¥ˣһɻŲأкģлҵģǿ˸á
һ㣬Ρϵˣ£վ£֪
ˣô죿
Ρ˵ϣֻҪ˲ţ±ֻ۱ֻ۵֪飬Ĭȥġ
ɿǾͺãһ빬ȥ顣

صʱѾ̣ɫġ
ȥܽİǻʲôû˵ѰƣȥĶˣ
ûˣѰЦЦǰﲻңɸһʲô˵һ˵£ҵ
ô˵뾩ˣѰĿɿڴ

856ӣ3

طʱĳϲܿƵȾ˺ϼҰȥΪ˼
ŮǸߵ̧ͷģѰʲô׵ģֵ֮ǰ˵ʲôţֻأɵҪȥָ࣬ǲҪˣ͵ſްɣ
ͣѾԾܾˣҲŲҪ޸Ǹͽӣ
ѰüСô˵ȥԺԹԴھǣ
϶Ҫȥġ齥ƽɫԺ׵ķʽ
ţôȥ
ȱܰɡһ빬ȥұ飬ͬٸ
ѰѾϰ񶯲ģû׷ʡ

գϳʱ֣˳ʹĽ飬⵽һƱ˵ķԡ
½ǵһԵģڳʹһ⵽ɱλʹһӣʱ빬ұ£˵ЩѾ˱࣬ҲӳڶǴʱɳʹǰ࣬ضҹʹԭڽսȫûаıҪʹһ²ܻκκô
½˵ţۣ£ϳΪ鲻ȡ
ϳҲã̫ϷѦųУǴ˴θӴʹĴ󳼣˭ɱԳ̬ȣڳ٣ֻͺݺݷ˻ˣĻ
һ£ɳʹȥ࣬뻢ڡ
ڸ׸ʤûмվӣǿ񣬡ϳ֪ʹĿʲô
𴽰꣬ȻΪ˴̽顣
ʤڣŵλѾ֪Ǳڻ޶ǧͶɵģݳǰѿϸֻʹˣ໹ҩ;ͼɱƼҩڰϣ˹ܲ
⡭
λ˽
ԼĪһңʤ˶ۣĳԹȻΪ˳룬ɳΪʹһ»ؿǣɲʡ
㼸ȥʹȻ⵽෴λСүȥͲһˡ
λСүľţ
֣ʷСүż꣬ôܴʹࣿҪ˵²Ϊ˳Ϊһ˽Ҫȥࡣ
⻰˵¶ˣ˭ʷְǵвƽ¡
ôһ˵뵽ţٴżֱĺͳ衣
ֱӣ֪СүǱʹֶսܣʹȥҹϵڣСүǳʹѡʱʹǿֶķȰ˵ͣսǲֶİΣҪҪԲ֪
ʤüͷ˼
ⳡս˵ǵսʱߵǼȥŻģΪĸ巢սɼʹʮĸ壬СүǻʹֶСүڣûʹĴֹս
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˺ս٣ʣµȫ޳ţӲƴ϶С
˼ˣ΢΢̾˿СүʹݣȰ˵ͣսҴʿԣδزǸϢⳡս۴̫ãôȥӳŲסʶˣ취ͣսþӻҲù⻺
ڳǵһЭ֮£ͬ飬ɳСүųʹ࣬滤ͣеʹ۵ļλ󳼣

ɢ񱻵ȥ鷿
ЦЦؿǰЩӻĵ˵Ҫȥ׵ˣͻȻ֮͸⣬Īǵʲôָ㣿
ԴƵģ¼ȻѾµˣûҭأ
ȷʵ֪Ρ커Ǽ˵ģֻҪΡǣʷܵʲôû
ϾΡұۣڴʱ˸ָ·ˣܾò̤ʵ
Ρڣ˴α֮УܷĲ١

ʹ¶£۱ּ
ûѰľ
֮󣬴Űů
Ϣݵʱ򣬸ӴЩ㵣漴Ц֮ǰ˵˺ףһɳʹŮ˿Ʊ䡣
ڳϺȲ裬Թ˹ǡ
ԭŵ˱׽вʣѰľȥ࣬ʡٹ
ӴʾǷҪǰȥ𣿡
һ߰ɡǸӡ
Ӵü뾩ʱ򣬳ʺֱӰ˴ɱڳţô˵Ҳûݴǣѵﲻ뱨һ֮𣿡
Щ£лϻᰲšƣؿڴӭϣҳʹ࣬˵ʮ׼ʧأǽ档

˵޶ص峤˵˱ּСүʹ¶
ͷ׵Ĵ峤գɫʮѿò̫׼ĺ潻ﲻͣ˵ţȥСүȥ࣬ǸŮˣǸӣ
޶Կһۡ
´һѾֹһε峤ʹǸӣţΪ峤˵òãֻһ䡣
ǷĵȰţ峤ǿһЩǹִزϽľŭһ˫۶ˣ˵ǸŮǷӣΪʲôţΪʲôҪѰľȥ
Σֻܰ۵ʥּȴ峤ľұ֤Լڣľκ¡

857˳1

ѰľǵʱСһﴩԲرϲѩС¹Ƥѥıȵø֨֨졣
վڵ񻨸ǰԺòֺСһ۵⡣
Ҫʹ࣬ûŰůСĺֻһ˴Űľʮؾ

ʹǰһ죬Ʋ᷿ʰϵĻϴڶůѰȲ衣
ϵӽ½Ǳˣ˵Ҫȥ
һ飬ӹȥֻҪȥİɣ
һ뵽游½ݣЩ£ؿѰ
Ѱֱ㶼ȥʲôǲҰģ¡
񣺡ûˣ
ԭΪѰԼȥģֻһȥ
ڰϣĥҪȥˣת뵽ΡܽԼƽ΢΢̾˿
½ʱͼСϴżѾվڽűߡ
㡣Сӭסĸ첲
Щ飬û壬̫үӦòڸϰɣ
Žҵ̬Сһˮͷ£̫ү˼٣֪Ҫ̫̫Ժء
ʱᣬǱȽĺðɣ
⻹صظڼҵţͱһӵĻ𣬴֪Ҫʲô
˴ǰ½̱վǶһֻ
½̱ȴЦý㣬˰ɣ
ǳ˸檣ͱõڶӰýţǺ룬Ǹµ۴ţ񻹸壬һ׮׮һҪϣֻƤˣ̫ү̫̫Ȼǲƽƽ
ºˣͬѽѵܣ˭Ҳ˵˭
Сţɫãϵȥϲˣˣ
½̱ʹҪڼҿϷҸ˵ˣСҵڼҿš
ܽԺôѾߣõ½̱һ
Сϴ˵˼ûٶ˵ʲô½̱Ųߣ㣬߰ɡ
½̱СϵıӰ£СϿΪ˶ġ
СûͷˣܽԺźӺˣ̫̫Ƕ㡣
½̱ҭҭǺոûҿ̫֪񲻺ǡ
鵭ĮСϣƢ
ձ½̱ӻǻӹÿ춼ǿջЦίߣǼֱ涼ˡ
СЦЦ˵Լû¶ֻǲڣȽϴѣȴס̾ΪԼ˸ǲ˸е
̫̫ԺĶμѾ˺üˣ̫̫⣬½½ƽۺ
˴ӽȥһһ
½û½̫̫æλ˱һԵȦ
½ϲɫҪˣ
ͷ˵Ѿּ׼ˡ
½Ȼһٶսĵߣһ뵽϶ĹŮ϶ǰΪսֻѹһʲô¶ҲŻһһôȥԼˡ
ü˳ۣ游ѵǡ
㲻ʹĻشҭ½Ǻ졣
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½̱鷿ôҲûȥΣý㷸ô¶ûʲ˵ȥ鷿ʲôɴ
ﷺᣬ½̱ȱȱվ˵Ҫȥӣ뿪ˡ
￴ŶӵıӰ̾˿СһϰΪ̬
ò̫ү̫̫ܿ½ƽȥ鷿
ӡУ󲮸Ǹݷ̵ˣ˼ֶΣ񲻸ǰˣȥ͹Թվһԡ
ǸǷ֮أ㵽Ǳߣ½ұٻ㡣½ƽ˵ţӲżϱ˸ķСϻԿ׿ȡһң񣬡ǼѣͰĶķܰһæ
񲻽⡣
ྩǸ跻½ƽ˵
ྩȻд󲮸ʶˣȻǸز¶ġ
ţ󲮸װЩ꣬϶ı˲¡
뿪鷿֮ûˣĴ򿪽ҿۣһöͭ壬ͨͭСֻ࣬Ʋ̫һǲϸƲߡ
պýңٴȥ̫̫Ժ˵һҪˣԼûȥ׼׼ʹҴ뿪½ҡ
ңǴ󲮸Լģ游ĸûôﲻ֪¡

ʱ֣Ρܽӵ
ϴȫˣǰպҶģ׶̴ҶñװһɫĨƣƯ˫ƤճɵƤīϼˮҲܳڵӣҶһģֻ¾ϲ
˸һ㣬ǰˣٲȻǸ۵оС
Լĳɹʮ⣬๫˵ȡһʲôԺɲܺ©졣
ΡͭеԼɫκص˳
񣺡ʲôǰλǲǴ˳˳
š
סûЦ˳ðȥ˱ٻ˵˳๫˳С
ΡǸЦȴֱŵӣ߼鴤¡
îʱڱǶŴϡ
ΡѦΪ׵һڳʹϰľԼʹţӺƺƵĻ
ľСﲻСһŸǩˣżڣģɰˡ
һ·;棬࣬һ˫ָϣѡҰΡҲϡ
ȫ
ӴиҶˣûôһָͷȲϣкܲζǰ۳ʣ߲ܡ
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858ྩ2

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ЦҵɫԸʶ䡣
Ӵ߬ġ
ʵ˵һۼͱ޵
֪ѻ꣬ˣӣ־
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Խô룬ӴԽԽԽʡ
ԼȻһˣ
ֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬸ӴɫѿҪѰʱͻȻһү
ڻ
Ӵѹһתͷȥ
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ȸӴѹЩãôȥ
ӴϳԼΪͬһģصﲻһֱ֪ǸŮϵʲôĵط΢ǰ̽һˡ
̽ˣ
ûС
һ֮еı飬ĿƮǰϣǰȥģСү
Ӵ˵΢֮ǰ뿴ȷǾ˵ĳ࣬Ӧò
Ҳˣ૵񡣡
˭Ӵѿڶ
Ȼܻش⣬̰ɣ

ʹŽվ
ΪͻʹźͱʹŷֿԷЪϢ
󣬰ľҪȥѩ¥
ͼԺǸССӰ׾عѩվһԿš
˼΢ǰس˸񣬶ЦʣλǻʹֶСү
ѾǶ֪λǻʹٰ磬Ҳͷǡ
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濴ıӰüļɲ
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ĿѩòֺСһϣ棬ոո˵ʲô
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Ȼ˭뵽ڶʮǰ߳彮Ů
һӢˬɳŮһǺĺ󹬳ˣζû취ںϳͬһˡ

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˷֮⣬÷ŻʹŻ
Ȼеǣһ·϶ûԤ֪ʲôõ£Ҳ֪ŰľڣʹĴû֣ǻʹĿǰ׼ı
ྩ죬ѵõ硣
ƫ䣬£գҲоů⡣
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͸ۣЦһΪྩոʹűʲôԭæŰȥˡ
ྩӴ˽ӴʹŵĴ󳼣ʱʹԣԳͷһྩ
ɻü⻰ô
ӴֻڳȻΪȫµİնһûûʡ
δգǽ¶ڵйˣԵúɱԱԼҹģΪ׶ӣġ
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῿ΡЩٴ
ӴûһƷÿӣͼ޹ǵǸͼòªļҶʱڣ㣡
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Ӵ֪ûûεŮһڸǸҶһʱøۡ
ӳ࣬һ·⿴ӴԼ˸ʵҲùܸӴֻҪӴԽ磬ʲô¶
ӴʹĵطΪͬݡ
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Ρȥںýŵʣһ³͸ܵԶӴͶɭߣѾͬݵǣȥǡ
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Ц˵ͣͺѦһʹһŻͬݴȥ
ģڽʩҲǼ򵥴ֱûгľ¡
ͬݵĹ죬ǸδԺмԺż÷
ľ󣬱ֺŷš
ǵֺŷʹš
˳ˣס˷
ϣӴλһ·Ͷ٣Ϣһ빬ʥ
ֶûѾߣﵹмǾò⡭
ΪӴ˵Ҫǲ⣬ź
ϸӴ俴Աߵ˳һۣ߹һĨⱨļЦǲ⣬ǱŰɣ
ǣ׾ͦ
ڸӴıŤšͣѾϰһ·ƣˣֻûûΡᶫ
һαӣӴһ˻ع

8593

ص۷Լʯ̾͵Ļԡڣһʱ󣬹źԡسʸͷϴ己Ϲװ
ջص޵׼С̸̫ܹܲϼݵ
ֻߵſڸӭӣ֪ϼݵʧԶӭˡ
񡣡һס̵ϹЦ⡣
˹̫࣬ߵμĳ¡
ԡӣ¹ôãԾɲһ˿̬ףɼʱ˵òᡣ
ʹַĦʲϵ𽥱޸ոռӣ˵˵մɱľſѱǸúúýѵһ£ʹžྩδãϷԸȥ
𰴹³ޣ檻ΪͲúˡ
ǱߣѾ˴ߺԹ˲Ͼһ̣лľҲӮˡ˵ţ˳ƽ§֮ԲǼλʹǿǵֶУһǣڵྩһԸˡ
ѾڽսɱҲûʲô塣Űɣȳ檼ľ˵
ʹ뿪̫ãӺŮʾȤ»бܰˣбЩȡ
ᱧ޵

һʱʲ뿪
ֽԡˮѾˡ
ᡰšһ
ֱ߹ȥŽĻʹٴȥԡء
ӸݽԡͻȻתſڳӱԵŻ
æȡ̵ۣǵƢθˡ
Ż꣬ڰ֣ëˡ
ǲģҪūȥ̫ҽһúơ
Ӿֵܾ뿪ôãعǸ̫ҽƽϺ˵Ĳܰġ
ûܾ
ԡص޵ûã̫ҽˣ̽̽˵ѪЩ֮⣬ûʲôëϸһӾܵ
ѪΪǴˡ
뿪Ϊ⳯ٵںз˸̫ҽ֪飬Բ֪ܹˡ
˸Ѫķӣ̫ҽܿ뿪˷
ƣؿŴӭ۾
ϣȣеʣƢθѲܣ
ҡҡͷûܿ˯ȥ

860ѣ1

һҹһ·Ĺͷ˵㾫빬ʥգ緹ҽ˵Ҫ֣Ρš
Ѧ˶λĸϰΪֱԶӣһ߶ʥӦȥˡ
˻ͬݣΡ񣺡ȥģ
ûǰ󲮸һȥҾķܰһæҵȥȷһ¾λġ
Ϊྩһ跻λòѴ񻨼ʮǮһû͵ˡ
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ٵһȥͨ¥Ժʷץ׼޶һƤ̷˾ͲһǹټҼԺĹǱǣģԹϽ͸裬ʵϣһ˭֪ɶ
Ρδȥʲô¥Ժûȥ̷˾֪ʲôط˴ǰסߡ
Ϊصػһװ±סЦΡ
ΡšüͷȻֻȷλã֪ıɣȥ
̬ȺǿӲ˲մȾһӹ֬׷
ͷۣһҲ¥һȥҲУȥǱߺȲɣ
ָǲ¥Ρ˿ͷ
һǰһ˲¥Ҫ˸žİᣬȻһ裬ġ
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Ρˣʲô
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лֱһͣҡͷģģȷʵѡû˵μҹﱻУǲǸˣ
ˣлٹִʲô˼ϲȵõؿûĽֶǹϾģȥׯùң㹻ҪЦˣ
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꿼뾩֮ĵεΣǺź毵Ծɾò
ȥ˷°ɣѰ̾ȻǴʦĽ飬ҲֻдʦΪ󡣡

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877ƪ3󵨵Ĳ

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ȴԹԵ˵Ϊ˷Ĳֻܿβȣ룬ñ˿ܣԭ¾ȻԤ֪ܸˣΡδ̫ˣܷȥ͵ÿԸԸԼıʩչҶˡ
򴽣Щֻӣ֮ǰͷĸоڶ̹ġ
ĵǣԼӱûԤ֪ӻ֪ᷢʲô
ô˵ʱܽӴֻӣһʱһʱ
侲ȻӻļӦǴүα˷ʱ䣿
һ򡱶ֱ֣ӷɨʯϵ̨ŭҪãõǧټǰ
ܵ˽ôû뵽ﾹϲŭ޳ӣʱ򣬾Բ֪ԼѾûԤ֪ס
ƽʮǰͺ¿빬˷ĸףֱӶ˵Ӳ飬ʮ꣬ˣɱ¾ñţôһӣȻܴӦ
˵̾˿û뵽˷ճþͱļܴ̼ܲϵֻӣһˤͻ飬ѶѪŽʮ꣬ôô
ԣүȻƴʦʵǷ˵ˣΪβȥ£
ͣЦƾʲôͣƫҪͺ¿֪Ҳп۵һ죡
룬˵ӡ
֪һ顱ˣ֪֪Լÿڳʲô֪֪ɥĲΪ
С˽ʣʲô
С˻ش𣺡ӡ
ȥոҪ£ȵطϢ
̧̧֣ۡ

880ƪ6ûĵ

˷ס鷿Щ롣
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үʵ˴ҹȥͺá壬治һ飬ң˵ҪȥӣֻǼѡ
һۿС˼Цһѱ£ðЩ¸˷
񵱼ʣĪһҲ֪飿
ɫÿŭ⣬ن£
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ģ·ЦԵĻ𣿡
⻰µͬʱëҲһ
ǸŤĴ̬ڶţ١
ԺʱԱߵĻ԰˵ʶȥͼѾΧһСŮСŮϴϸ޲ȹͷСǮ޻
СŮѾ˵ŻƺнŲת
СŮòһ͡
СŮҲڿʱѿڶһ֣
Ѿ˵ʲô
СŮǱΡĽ
׺ͳһ֣ܼˣ˱ͣ˳ִԱժһ仨ƤƵ˵˵Щ֬ġ
ԭСϲ֬ѽһѾֺǺǵҪϲһժЩȥԼˡ
תٿǸŮˣСȾͳǰܡ
Ѿɫ˱䣬æ׷ȥ
һֱӰʧŲߡ
Ա߳ɵذۣʶ
ʶҡͷôƯСѾͷκһļ˶ϲ
ԼСʱǲضزסĻϲûзĻ
һ·Ժ
žͼͥԺֲһ֦Ҷïĺϻǿڣ۷۰װ׵ĺϻӯ֦ͷż紵һ䡣
ϻʯʯʣʯŸݵ꣬ФֻǷɫףǲĲ̬ס
ʱűʣ˶дʲô
Ų̧۳߿Ŀһ٣漴תһҾ
˵ͷյҩû
˷ζֵҩ΢ɲüͷϸճһΡ
ףΪܣλ
˷תһҾ
۱֣һ
ģʮ־ᡣ
ӿ˷һۣܿ϶겢֪µЩ£ÿճԵҩõʲôҩӣôظ࣬˷ָϱ̼
˷ˣԼɥĲɱ˿ħʲôֱ
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˵ҼɫãǲĲ
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Աȫ̱ĳҡͷһ£Ͳˣʹ˸ǣӶౣء
ԺȻӿտյģȴ쳣ء
˷ں֪±ϵô׶ʱҿԣǻԵĴ
͸вѾˣʱʼ
ι񣬻ͷҸոտģҵˣôҼҵأ
ǰ԰ﱻСŮĽܾﲻԾүڿ˵ɷͶϣҪвңܵȼʰɣôһһҪ󣿡
΢漴ɫڸּۻۣ
ҡƽүȻ֪еܣӦֻӣҴȥǻзõģвһ֮ԴӦӸȫΪɷͶӣֻΪ˱Ҿͷڱ˸ԣôʽ׿޷ټȥ
ЦΡڰǰѾʧˣûõϢ
Ȼõˣˣڳ˰亹ϸֲԣʣôܣ
ԣүôһ˲˲ؿų
ɫȻֻǸδɵѾͷѣ۾գɱôຢӣôܾһ
Ǹȷʵڱϡ𺣬ֻһɱ˵㣬ֻܰ׼ʲôʱĺãʲôʱ˴ǰҪּۻۣλ׵ĵܵҲӵչһ
Ļ񲻻ɵΪֻǵв
ڽƤӵضһ˵õ£Ҫ½°ߣҲǶƤӵ¡
ֻӶҶвҪʱ俼ǡأүҲϣһȥ˰ɣ˭Ӹ
Ǳڱǰˣ۶вһˣ۵ͺ¿Ѿˣ

ʱߵŴͼСȹӵĽææȻһֱˤǰ
СһﵱͳɤӺ
æȥСһצʱͻȻһ߬Ͱ͵ֽ
һβƳѾ߳ڲԶٽֽŷŽȻСذѽ
ǼǳԺѾߣǷغСŮ˭СŮƤһע͵ܣڻˤˡ
ѾĵȥϵĻңѾĸмϥ鷳ˡ
ĨŽǿᣬЦ˵СѾͷôɰٿ޾Ҫɴèûϲˡ
˳ƺߺֹ˿ﻹ̲סֹûĵΪҵˣҰ˳˫ԣߣ

881ƪ7︸

뿪󣬳Լֵµˣʣô¶ǶԸȥˣ
ڲ顣
ǶҲ첻ɣŭòᡣ
Լһһֱһ˽ΪµİǻҰ
ЩƾģÿһҪķѴǮѪ
һǸҡ
ǻܣ˵޴ӵ֪
үʱǵȵɣȵۻݲ³ڰͬʱ˳һˡ
ү˼ֻҪȵ۲ԳЩԶ֡
үݺȥ֮УѵΪ
æµ֮࣬Ƕ˸˷Ѱҽ
ȻĴ˵˷⣬ͨҩʯû취ֻϸţ˲֢ʮ궼û⡣
ΪⱩ¶ĻܣϵڣÿһүԺļ檶٣ڵγֻһ޶ҡ
λƤĶǹŮֻ˷һӡ
˷ϵųеϣһӢţζŴӽҰ񽫻ƽңζţһʹ˥䡣
һֱԸ˷¶ǰԸ֪˷ļԭ
ڣȻҰˣ鲻Ρ٣òӡ
֮֡ǰҵǣ
ǡ

ǧ㣬û㵽ΣյĵطȫĵطΡӴʱ˿̣ǼҿԺڡ
ԭΡֻ˵ǳ˺ͯĵѧ飬³ʲô⣬Գ˽֮⣬ǿ˷
ƴʦµţʦĻ˵Էȫɮ˵вʦ˵ɷܣӣ»Σա
֪йأΡŻȲشŽװǰǡ
룬վͼ
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Ρſ鰸ϵСһĶû
СһؽΡĲҪˡ
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ΡһҪңȻҲҪ㡣
Ϊʲôأ°ڽֱϣñȳÿһˣֳϲˣ
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ңܻһңòģ˷ûܳФ
Сһﻹǰ˼⣬һ̾ϹӶ¡
Ρ

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Ҳ˵ͽڳڡ
Ǽ֣˿Ÿо䵽ʵ
֮ǰ鷿СʲôʱС˵ӡ
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ˣҰɡ
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û뵽ûаڸϣͲȱô
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Щ飬ûѰ˵ģҲǰݾߣǵóһŭ֮ɱ޹ĺӡ
ĵһ죬رۣԡ˯ˡ
գѡ
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Сһڻ£֪һƬŽҶͷ±˷֡
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СһŵĻ治ףͿؿ·ˣһȥ𣿡
ɡ֡
˰ŽҶվһСȹӣһֻֽ񣬵ȴӻĿϵͣȻ˵ҵԺôߡ
ЦЦΡҪҴȥ
Ժ
񵽵ʱЩû취ȥǽŽԵʣ˵ĹŮ·ͻ
ϳС֪⺢ʮֵϲûΪ񣬸С
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װΡ
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ףֻܸΡһ˸ǲܵġ
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Ǹɱı̬׵ﲻ
뵽ˣΡӦ
Щ졣
ΡͶһĵ񣬡ӣֻҪ︸ܡ

882ƪ8

׼뿪ʱ˷ס
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˷˵ܷ˽յ࿴
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Ȼҿ΢ŲߣѾʮ꣬Ȣ׵ͣүΪ㰲࿴Ҳ
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ûһܿһԼϲ¡
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һ·صػϯϡ
Ц
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ʮͣȻˮ飬绨û˵˭ãҲû˵˭ãֻǿȻΪѡʹ
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񲻴ʣү֪ôΡĵ
˵˵ЦЦ
ʵÿ˵עģ˭ģģΪҲ죬ǰֵһְˡ
΢ԣ
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١
˵ʲôЩǱɱӷҩӣֻүڴǸ
ɫ˽ȻҲʶڸף㵽˵ʲô
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кѣЦֻҪһ£ԸΪ˷ҵŵ⡣
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״̾һүΪɱô޹׶ȴΪңҲ̫ףӵһָ飿
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ų͵͵ֻȡߣ뻹ûô
Щ죬һһ˼ţóȻʲôжẦԼΡͽ

Ժ˷ΪѣɫǵϣϵʱСϣһֻץؿڡ
˷ŻˣһԵͯأ
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СҲ֪ͯίǰСǶ档
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䣬Ρ棬֪үΪ£
Ťͷ̼ӣ
Ρ鵭Ӵ˾š
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ǰΪӶ飬Ȼʼļ磬伲Ȥ˵ֻ꣬տֵȲ͢ȼʱһԷΪøĺӻȥÿÿһӺȡ
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ȥɱˣһ룬ŵӣԸ˿ڡ
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һԩ˿ΡȥӺúϢ
ΡףתԺջصԺСһȻͷײ°ɣ
ΡԴᡣ
СһȻԹʲôʱܰ״ؼѽס
Ρĵܿ졣
ܿǶ죿
סգˣұݡ
ΡߣչбһһСӰ
ЮůķԼƮһ仰˵׺ˣǲҪٰ̧Ȣ


883ƪ9

ظ·ϣŶ˼
£ʵֱ빬ۣ۳顣
Ȼ˼ˣ˹õ۸״ĿǰҲû㹻֤֤ЩӶǳɱģ֤Ҫʱ䣬ڲڼ䣬ֻ׮
Ҳ˵һͻٶӡ
Ȼǲ״ģ£ΪԼһʱʧմѪȡ
ӦֻҪΪ˷ͻֲͣɱˡ

Ϊ˲Ѱߣʱظ½˵Żͺۣ˵ڳһ԰ӣۣȻطϢ
Ѱ˿ֹ
׼ȥĲһ٣ôˣ
ǲʲô¶ңѰһɫʡ
ûаɣ˵𣿾Ǹӣ鵽Ҳûͷҵúܡ
Ѱ˵ϻмˣõõȥãҪ鷳ң˭
񸹷̣ȷʵɸһûȣҲ֪Ķô֡
ЦЦİɣ¶ҿ϶һʱ
᷿֮
죬һͳţصشμƿҩ
ʱֱȥ鷿
ѡ磬˷գ֪ϢʱֱҸͷùɢˣȻȥԺչ˶ӣûȷѡ˭
£뿿ٴ̫ʦϣЩ࣬Ȼû˯á
ҹ˷جξַһβöǸµǳĻҪ˸ߣƫƫ˷׼Ҫ¡
һϵĻ𣬻ûô˯
Ųͷûأˣ
ˡЩļӸңȿӵ
վߵ౦ϰǸϻȡ
һûüϸղȻʮ³û͵򲻿Ҳͽ͡
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ӹϣаԼҩƿóҩҺĨ̫Ѩ
״üͷʲô
̹Ȼ˵Ӷзãұҩʹѡ
ѵӣҲˣʲôߵٴ̫ʦαߣת֮˫Ŀϡ
ĨҩùӣԼףڵӡֺܶ໭һӿԺҪԴƵʹϮȻһΣʲôûҲûеʹ
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ɫ죬æʣǲǿˣ
ȻʹһȻסԴһʹģûſϡ
һڵش̫ʦվ׼ȥҸҽϵһƺתѵļ
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ӣǴҩҴʱֻѾɥȪˡ
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οƴʦʮǰ͸飬ǰ˷ȥʶ̬زʲôЦ
ĵһӾóڣڶǼ뷢
Ȳ˵ܿƴʦѾԲˣԸ˷ϵ;Բܣ
Ҫñ֪ҪϮλӻļǻ˵ã
Լ취ǰ˵ֻӣûˡ
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ĳɹˣ
Ȼǳɹˡһ̹Ȼ˵ûϾҪ𣿡
˼һֵҼ๫үϣȥʲôˣ
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ΪԤ֪ı緢үȰ͵һӰɣ顣
̬ôвܹˣ

˷Ҫȥ
Ρ֪ϢüĿչԽ˵ˡ

884ƪ10

ǰգΡԺʰ˷鱾
ʱǰŽȥ˵С˲ҰܽСˣ
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Ρɫÿͷ˷˹֣Сˣĸֵ÷зǼйأȥңֻ޷ͬȥˡ
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⻰˷ܿƵغ˰벽ǻܣƱʲô
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ô֪ģ˷𾪵ؿ
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