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1 ͻ
 

¡
Ʈһƣס˶̫Ƴһ꼴١
һɫȹѾ߽Ųٴȣдżּ굣ǡ
ߵһԺ棬ĴѰһͤҵϵŮӡ
£
ż˯ɳˣ齵Ů̧֧Դ۾
ɫɴȹ£ǧ˿ϣǵʵı̺һ˫齱Ե޵ɫ嵭üط
ϥһ񣬹ʵ£ϴͻˣ幫͸
ţ֪ˣ𣿡Ծϼ裬ë£һһš
ûˣū澸ˡǴ֪λڵ鲻죬ҲҶһˡ
ȵķ紵ͤϵŮһߵҡš
տɫ˼ĪĿ⡣
գһߣɲɵĸһ
Լҹ۸ְ£һС˵˼ʮ֮ĪԽжŮϡ
С˵ĶŮһߣҸߣֵߣ̸ߡ
գһݵλޱȵĵչǻϣûòϧĺƺ汻ŮPKȻŰɱ
ǰǸŰŮǱŮŰ
̾Ϣһûͷһϡ
˵Ѿˣ͸ˣŮ
ǾĿʼ
յ÷మ幫ҲŮһš
յ趨ǸһͻŭգȴҲûʵջʥּƫ֮£˳
Ů׾ͰĽųۿųǰַʹ޶ա
ԴˣŮŮʽϡ
վãǵðһ£ҿǲǽ̤ˡ
ûһǾͨ˵ǳ
ȥһߴͦε˴󲽶
һƷɫžµҶڣϡ
գҡֱ߽ͤˣٲĿסա
̴˹ҡţǼ⣬ɫŲëͷСӵˣļֱһ⣬ɻʵʲôĪ㱳˶Բҵ飿
ɻɫһʱ侹ֱ治治֪Ǽٲ֪




2 
 

Щͻסִȵ֣ϿңϽ幫ͻңûӦңֻһˣ
ɻɫһ䵭ȡճԼ֣Ͽǰˡ
Σʥּһ£죬ѵΥ嵭ĿǴ޵ļӲҡš
û𺣬ĵģĺܺá
ңජգңֻȢһˡ
Цø⿪ģıԣʹģԼʹ١
Цˣŵذ壬ƹߵǰ࣬ˣΥѵΪ˱췴𣿡
ϵɫʹ࣬ɫˣȴҲǰ˹ıӰҲ췴ҲȢ幫
շӣһ޷һ裬ҲȢ
ū澲μ幫ǿȹӳŮӣæͬʱҲգ幫ˡ
ͤղͷбһۣĿżɵģŻţһëڳɺͳ
ϲգͬʱҲηգܾλʽ̫Ī⣬͸ʽˡһʱļϥһ񣬿һĿճϵ࣬︡һ˿ʡ
ͷ¼֣ʽ㣬֪ͳ÷ãİĽʽȫ
Ų豭ָһһսǽڷףȻ֪ҺãΪʲôҪһţ
áʽ㣬ɼİáҲĽүʽȫ

ס죡ս豭ݺڵϣ䱡ɫŭ𣬿ųŴˣƾʲôҪȫ㣿
ŵˣ˼︡ˮҧŴģǣʥּ¡
߽ͤ棬Ƭʰɾ˼ΣƬյĽš
ŵĶ̵ջɬĿ£յ֣Ķ̵ײȥ
࣡һĻĿѣʧ̬ĺȥҪա
ݺһƣȹˤڵϣᡮžžડµ




3 񶾵Ůˣ
 

㺵ĿգؿƷɫĲϱѪɫȾ졣
գҲ췴ҲܱȢ幫ʥּûнӣֻȢ㡭ǲˣ
Ŷ̵۾գһ£ͱȥ֣޵Цҵİˣֻߡ
ԸߣҲܿŮ˶ס
ɴ۾Цգֻò첲Ӳų˼Ƥ
һЦݣ֣Ҫһסգȴ䡣
ŴѪذװվţϹŵЦһһ꼻һ֡
ϵʧȥ۾ȴգδϡ
ǰһηˣһָգʽ㣡úݵİ
һЦ̵ڵϣӲ֣Ů˲ݣλȡ
ΪŮ㣬Ժɱݶˡ
ϼݵ
ҵĽŲ벽߽ͤ
ſڵϿ޵ĲУ޹Ĺԣһӣһ̴ȣ̬ʡ
ڵϣؿϿһұѪ
ϥһôüʱϧѾ
ԵĿɬ޵òһŮӣɱģ
ͼᱡ͵չһɵЦݣƣɴȹ֡
ߵǰһԵţһ٣ֶ𰸣ɻ⣿
һ
յߵڰ׵Ļħһ㣬˵ѣɱүգ񶾵Ůˣ
Ŷ㲻ɱ࣬עҪģϧװ׼ˡ
ЦøƣߵǰǵչĻʽ㣬𱰣бЩѧˡ˵ţ֣ݺݾһơ
ֱӱſһߣӡһָӡһ˿Ѫ˿
סգ幫򳤰ܴ̼־壬ǲͻع
ּϰקͰ
֣ƫģɱ࣬ɱ˰
˻ߵĽкӶ죬ȥˡ
̴Ȱں촽Ц
֪ôΪʲôΪʲôƫҪȥ̼ɱ˳أ




4 ʱ
 

ʵͷۣ鷿˵һУ⵽ͷأǳһ̯ӡ
֣ҵİˣֻҵģҲֻߡԵɫȥսһЦ˵鲢޳ͻѽ
ԳĬˣյǸ˶ӲĹջ󣬿ǡ
Ǹ˿¥ʱϯıǲɱˣҪ˵һ䣬ĴԼһȥʰ̯ӡ
ϯ˷¥ʱãѺðݷãʵϴù⣬ֻ֪
ãǲܣֻܳԴȫ
ʬ屻̧ȥʵۺļߵҲ
ǽ廨Ьõǰź˴Ьӣں泯ȥ
ͤʰˡҡӣ̧ͷۿһɫһ갡
ǡ
ǷԸ˸ϽȥʰԼǸź
ȹӿϣϣ۾׼˯һ¡
ߵ¯ǰ̴ľȼȻվ󣬴ȡ
ϰϰɢļ˿ȣշ
û˯ţ˵£й磬ϯǼ˽ӷϴ
š
ΪյĸѾߣȻǵȫ˵һİţװ͵ϣδļλҲҪϯǲ֪幫
һ˿ǹһȣ첻Ҫ̫ڣ͵㣬ҿλ֦չλ
ǡյǴʲôֻȥɡ
¡
һƳߴ
һˮʼ䣬ûһݴͻСˮ
ܴˮ϶µ䣬̧֧ŶͷŴ꾰һûһµôϵı
ΪպԼΣСĴۻȡ棬ʵҲпᡣ
ԼֶΣӦԵ
ϲƣԣҪƤһ£Żһԣ
ϲЩΪһͷѪ顣
Դײڶ̵һ̣֪Ѿʼ䶯ˣ棬ôķʽ֤Լյİ
£ϲ֪ͨĵ˽ϣ׼
ſڣһӹ˵һ䣬Сʣ




5 ȥ
 

֪ˣᰴʱġ
ū澸ˡ
ǴȵĶһЩūȥ׼ҪĹװ
װ̫ƳɫǾޱɴȹɣϻͷ棬һЩ
ϥһ񣬡ū֪ˡ
ʱҲˣԡ֮Ҳ͵ʱˣǸϽȥԸ׼
մߵ̨ǰϣҪľء
ˮǴ߼ҪԽչ
ȻѾϣôܻ֦ͷĻᣡ
ʱĵϢ֪ͨȥ֮󣬻ʹһĽ֦Ҷѹ׵Ķױ硣
Сһ˹ױãǰ˰ʱ
һʱתС꣬Сûɢȵ
ȹӳȸպúʣʢĵһ̻ĨأСס¶ǣһ䳤
ҡҡλһ·ſڣ̨ǵһ˫ľźմϡ
ľԷʪЬӹǵݹֽɡɡŹȥ
ɡĹںǽߵĳϴ󣬿ЩĶ̴ȣͷ˵ЩãҪȫˡ
һЦݣЦºͣ˶Ŀһ£ū澾ãǵܾȫһڷ绪
СƨЦһ䣬ʱ仹磬ȥȥ
ǡ
鷿ҽнԶһɡվµĿԶȥˡ
ԼĹةؿųֵľͷ¥ʱ
μϣػϵĻƺˣ壬ȷة෽̧Ҿһ
ᣬŲʮͣ˵˹ľţôݰףǸɶ
ǹٰһƷة࣬¥ʱұۣһǻǱô˹ġ
¥ʱһѰɡڷ˲ȤĮոպ˵˼䣬ᵽǸˣԶˣʢЩ
һ飬ʵǲý
ԸҲǶʮᣬҲ˼꣬ƫҪĿǵ֪ĻΪϰʮء
ǸѵõĴˣ֪µͼսǺͣҿϵıְɡ
ĮɱĻƮɢ棬˻԰ȥ




6 
 

󣬵ƽϸߣľïܣúʡ
ǽӹɡһߣվһź
ַ̧˷ЩɶķΣҡ³һϰϰ洵ȣ˶ʱͨ
ʺҡӣͤתһȦµĳ棬ʳǵļίʵһЩһҪȥܱ
ȵӣǳſ߹ȥȣ£ǲͬȥģǰ𣿡
һ㶣ȤƲƲ죬ǴС֣˼ôֲʲô¡
ǶʱͷˣǶ£ǺֺЦ£оһλǴϯة෽ūŷةλˣʮа˾Ҫϯ
ٵգǸͷܺӣΪЩͷ
ǸжãƫƫǸǧĵŮ𣬴򲻵ãֻû᷽ţȻβ߶
ҡ̴һ٣ȹվѾͷô˵ǿˣǻļʱǵô
˵ţùֽɡҪ߳ȥ
Ǽæɡȥ룬ӭͶ
գһȻҪܣºίʵմһ
һĪ
ҡɢ飬һЦݣⲻж丮Żȥȡ
ӵùһ㲻ʮ壬˵
֪ʲô޹ؽҪȥȡһº͵Σֻۻͤδſɡݸǡ
ſھ˵Ů֣ϵǳ
¥ʱĮĿһ˲ѾõȻνˡ
ǽֽɡڿǽĵطһգعϥһ񣬡ūЩ飬ū澸ˡ
壡
հµǮȫˡ
عܹ£Լ˰ɡ¥ʱɡһߣվһ磬Űָ꾰
лϡ
ռº͵Ŀ⣬̴ȵڴߣü۴Цⶼˣڻţ
αЦɢŭûһ䣬Ҫǿͬŵķݶϣˣ
¥ʱĿһɫȹЦٻŮӣ߷ֽƻ
עǣŮǷͬţ




7 ȱİˡ
 

ʦܱռˣЦûʲô˵İһ䡣
߬ȭͷ
õģҹˡչԾ˵һ䣬̴Ȳľ졮̤̤̤ȥһĽһš
Լ˳Ҫߵˣһߴȣ
ϵЦݿ¼֣תſҪըˣҡƣǰġ
˺ˣˣҲðҩ㶪С¥ҵĴҵĴϼϣ˫ֱгҷʡ
¥ʱԼةˣú̿
ݣ࣡գ
ŮǸ˲ţº͵ة
ҲΪ棬ҩ˶С¥˭˭ᱻըֻ֣ɼŮﻹе
ĥ绨һҪ㶪ߣ
ɫһ䣬æ֣ɱ𣬱ֲϡ
Ǻϲ𣿲˵㲻Ȣ𣿡ǺЦˡ
յһɣݺݵؽ̴ҹȥƨ㲻أ
ɱܲЫˣ硣
ס̴ȣƽһ飬ӵݸգ겻ǱˣϲĶҲѬûš
ŷ̴ľ㣬һڽĻȣ겻㻹ǹ¼ҹһûҵһů𣿡
ʲô£
Ϲѡߵһߵĳ̬ʵĿţҡӡ
ǺЦһȥѵҲǧȴû󡣡
պ΢΢һϣϵĲҡӵĶ΢ɼķȱİˡ
Ĳ׽յֱ̧ۣ˼Σ˵֮Щԣ̽һ䣬Īϲ˰ɣ
ûСϸɴû÷ɻ󣬷ֱ׵ʳ˵ͳ÷幫͸ʲô룿
磬ͼᱡѾة˻ʲôʵģ
Ŀ΢΢һĵˣʱǰˣ
ÿʵ
¥ʱͷգĿ⺮ĮȻżִ
ΣͻȻԼƺǱʲôΣյﶢˣ̧ײһ˫۾




8 ֦ͷ
 

Ưɲ⣬׺ҰԵƽĮȻĿ¹һͷޡ
ִζλд˲š
մĿ⣬ƽһеżٵͷ
̫Σˡ
̧°ͣһҪ⣬ϵᣬʲôţ
̧ͷ¥ʱǺǹΣյʵûͦÿġ
߸ȣĲһִġ
˫ֱ֣⵳ֿصĸ
ǽڷɾһСҶ̴ķ顣
üĿѱĴһֱߣٷӲīһīɫ۵͵
̴ȴϣһζĻȣ˳Լ߿ȥ촽
¥ʱһ˿ãʵΪһ亹
ĮɱĿЦٻŮϣɱѶ
Ůӣͱŵſڵϰˣȹվ΢΢Ƿʩ񣬡Īأһ£˵˲ǹ˭ȻǷ֦ͷˡ
һһƣ̬ȹɾͲİǹǷ񣬻ǰ߰ʡ
¥ʱ򴽲ԣΪұ۵ķʱûһεˣȻ֪ǹ磬ôҲױһ£
˼ҲԣҪ˼Ҳúױ磬Ҫȥ
ңױ磿ҿɲЩһ֦չĿȸ˵ţ֣ŵԼңұͲ׵ġ
ΪΣ
һӾʹڷϣӴĿ⿴һ۷ƾʲôҪԶ檣Ҹ˼ˣǸ߸ϵĵչ
ôһ˵ˣǰŮӰô뾭ѵģǰ˵޲檡
Сһ¥ʱִ¥ʱĲá
¥ʱֻ䵭վһ磬Ų仯һ£״һ
һת̨ϵˣǹһЦݣëëֱ꣬߳ȥˡ
Ѿˣǰӡܿõʩס
úˣҪ˻󡣡
ǰż˿ЦŮӣĺⷭӿת˲ţŴѹܱȲϻʽڴ˽ܵĺãôּ




9 翪ʼ
 

üŶոպͷվеڱǹϵǳ˽ܡ
ԣλǴϯةˡʽ㣬ʽܿˡ㣬ˣǺ޲á㡭Ƥɡ
ЦһŮӣ˵Ļô񶾣ŵɫһ䡣
֣䱸Ŀ£ǵĽϵķ˿𵽶棬ãȥʰһ°ɣϿɲ㡣
ʣתߡ
ζЦˡ
Խʱԭȥ˳ȥȰʦʱԭʦʧܣɹˡ
ԭʶ뷽ͬš
˵ʦɹһ̣Ϳʼתˡ
ֽɡݸգȻҵˣҵúϵһ¡
ȵʱ˵ɡմۣˡ
յӰʧڼɽ棬¥ʱɡʦȣǲŮӵİɣ
ػϵĻȷʵŮӣȷʵҲǳʦ㣬ΰʦȥģֻʦ֪ɡ
¥ʱСգŮʦȣôܻһ򵥵
ȣΣ
ҡҡͷػϵĻʦأѧʲôóʲôδչʾԳ֪
¥ʱ뷽ȥ
˵ʱ䣬е˻ˡ
һȺ֦չĵŮ棬ˬɾվǺġ
Ŀɬһ£ûҪȥ׵뷨
޴ӵ֪
ԻŹǧĵ
ǲᡣ
һɫװһߣòȲյҲζ
Ѿͷһ򲻽ʵĴ磬ֺЦҡҡͷҲð˹͡
ʼ磬壬ʱˣأѾðˣƺҲһˡ
ϼݵ
̫һߺȣһͷƽڴ˽
һѣ硣
ҲȥԺɸֵĿ⣬ֻ˵ͷԼԼġ
ƹѲʼ̸¡
ǰľƺѾѬֳ̧Դϸһ㱡ĺΣ촽ʵĻȣ̴һûһµҡš
е룬۵ȴһƬǸնһ
˽ܵ飬⼸յ˲ķ顣ٷĹάʵٱѺõ˵һ䡣




10 
 

һɨȥס㷲ԣƱةϲ漸ա
ʹʹ棬Ҳȵð°˲ܰʹ죬Ϊأ
Ϻ꣬һ
磬ƫҪװ֪һƵѯʣŶ巵ۺة£
¥ʱͲһĵˣǻ֮Ļžͷ㿪ֱ⣬Ǻս
һȥ֪ºЦȻǺ͡
⡣
࣬ǿ̬֮չʾˡ
巵Ҫʲô⣿գգ۾ƤֿɰôԾż⡣
һ٣̺ǧǳҫۡ
졣¥ʱǳһ䣬Сίı죬һ䣬ľƣ˵ʲô졣
մӣЦ
պһѹһ䣬ˡ
㰲ԡ
ҫ˵Ҳû֪巵Ҫʲô⣿ȻϲΥӣɵҲһ̵ˡ

£ԾȣҲΪˡ
鷿̽ڷ磬¥ʱûѾ뷨ɽأ
Ǿϲ
һԵĹǾϲ궯ˣĿƿ¥ʱͲ¥ʱѡԼȻ֦ͷˣ
Щ֦չãһյƣƵ£żּ
ڣǵ¡

սȵģĺŨҵòУɱһˣûһں޺Ͳ𣿣
巵ۿ˭ɲȸ䶨һ̣ûˡ
¥ʱյСһھƣʵʲôƼ𣿡
ЩֶŮǲ׸ű֣Ҳ̫˽⣬ҫ˵һ˵Щðɡ
նĿ⣬֪ǲ׼ˣһԿҲûзԡ
¥ʱĻΣգôСѾͷ뻢أ
տЩ֦չãֻ۾ۣӵһڣ֪ģֶŮۡĶЩʲôóģɡ
գֻЩ룬ðһҪ뷨
ʽĻù󷽵ʩ񣬡ʽյţóãʽ㡭һʱ벻֪˵
Ц˵һ䣬ŮҵļֵЦһ⡣




11 հɡ
 

óݣ߻޵ɽóŮ˻ľȣްó黭
˵ţϥһ񣬡֣λøǳĸǧ
Ǹ˾ǵСֶΣ˭ῴΣӾˡ
ţ˵ò԰֣ԼϾСѾͷѾַˡ
ƣҵĿɾǸСѾͷˡ
¥ʱһ˿ã¾յŰָҪޣŪɧ檡ȺﺮҪ֡
࣬㣬һĸֻ߰С͡
գǸǹǫѷǫ
ĿŵͷԶСѾͷЩԽһ
Ǽ֦չĹûϣˣôھֻʣˡ
һֻϣ¥ʱҲǸСѾͷ¥ʱǸСѾͷ治³ʲô
巵ѡˣ
һӵ¥ʱĿ⣬ЦҹĸȻҪޱҫ˵ճ幫Խȥɡ
հɡ޹ƾʦȣ¥ʱֻѡ
һŮˣҰҰʲô仯޴ӵ֪
˵϶ʲôϢˡ
ΣҪնϣҪշ
Ӳ˲ǣ̧ͷǺΣյӣݸһЦǹԾ巵ҪȢ
ʮױ
ûа취ģֻ硣
ЦݣȺ巵۵İ̧ˡ
飬޷Ǿһϵ⣬ʲôʱѸ£ʲôʱȢס
ίʵЩȤĿŵĲʺͺޣһЦݣ󷽷۾˵Ӯˡ
סģסҪ籡ĺ⡣
գ
ɢʱѾҹմǳ·ˡ
Իһ߶
ղͷ˵ã߻ȥɡ
ǲ޳ɣ˵ūµ
磬ȥȡɡ
ǡ
ûһǱһᱡ߹ռϣ˱߻ȥ




12 ҵİˣֻߡ
 

գһյࡣ
Խˣ˯һ죬ʱ֣˵ˣױ
£㷢ͳˣ񿪿ڱ⣬̰˯Ҳ˯һ쵽ԷԼ
һ˦ǣǺ޹ɲģ
ֶŮ֪ˣ֤û´Σǰʲô𣿡
֪ˣⲻòıյĿм飬ǲıģ
ǡҪŭȿڣǹ£³Զޣ¥ʱĻʺ簡Ϊʲôȥ
ֻΪǸλã
ղס۵׵һ˿İһЦݣҰģȫŮˣʲôɲ𣿡
Ѿվ˽޷ĸ߶ȣҿνɣ
ֻҪǷɶ˻һ㰮¥ʱѾͷò̫˰ˣԼзִ磬ù㡣
ǰҪŵʱ򣬷ˡ
ң˵ϻȥ룬ֻǶԾôϸһζŷֱˣ
յͷ󷽷ĳˣţҪһԸ𣿡
԰
ϵ޷죬֮һһȻӵ֪֮վѾƺһС
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13 
 

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14 
 

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15 
 

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16 Ҫ㱳ɽ
 

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17 
 

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18 ܽ˿
 

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19 ˰
 

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20 ľ
 

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21 겻ɢ
 

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22 أ
 

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23 ֮
 

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24 лָ㡱
 

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25 
 

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ղ׷¬ٻٻðʧҲ׷ԣ¬ٻٻҲˡ
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¬ѼѱѺҧŴֱ᲻֣ίĲУ¬ٻٻǺ޵òС
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װϵĳע⡣
Ի־Ϊ׵һȺ˳ˡ
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˭ˣȻҶҵĹﶯ֣
տǰǿ׳ˣһģ̬ȴǲģū幫ˣѺײµҹϰ
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λӣҪΥķ
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ˣָűȻҪִ
¬ѼѶ־棬ֳ죬ĬĬ񶾵š
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26 ˼װ
 

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Ͻѹ־͹ǰ幫ˡ¾ȼ١
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ź׵۾ģж֮࣬Խ¶Ч
ġ
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ս̴ȵݸǣסӸ֣ǡ
ôЩɢ幫ƢãǱȥǺιˡ
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27 Ӣ۾
 

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װŮӣӣ̬һ£ǧģüš
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¥ʱƿĿ⵭һ۷ĮȻԵ𣿡

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ǽӹǷӣ̴ȵȥһ䣬£巵ˡ
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28 һⱵĹӣ
 

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ţ
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29 ʦܣþò
 

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ʲô鶼Ūڹ֮С
᲻ǳȥ
Ҫ͹¶ԹҪֳ
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㲻ҲȻ·ҲûлɸΪ񲯵ĿܣǾΪǿɣ
հСˣ
Լˣȫ
ãõĺܰ
ôһ⣬ҲǱԣֻܰѻһͷˣ
˵Դͻ飬Ҳа˵ԣŪһң
ǲ֪һҵĿ𳤣·ϵ

ҡԺǣǹһÿĻȣãǻǸʲôӦ
ԼĪ֪˵µƣЦ˵һ䣬뵽ˮһ££˵¿ɲˣ巵ûס
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30 ʦĺ
 

ϯĺͱɫһӾȥˡ
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ϯһץյߴվǰԷŮߡ
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31 õ
 

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32 ڻء
 

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33 ˣܹš
 

ǡһԺǶѾߣԸ֮󣬾վһźš
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巵Ǳߡ£巵ۿǴŻߵġ
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ռãĿ⣬ӣڣˣܹš
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34 ״
 

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ԶˮȲ˽𣬿ң巵˵˼ܲµأ




35 
 

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ʵ۳žó˻һҲְ̰֤ɱĻһҴֲٿĪ硣
ʵŭ飬֤ʵǾĴ
³֮󣬼Աȥ
үôͻȻ໤һˣһĸӺǲһ䡣
·ͻȻһûӵҪٳӦ죬һĻ޷ֳֵָһ
ֶŮ幫ĵ۸ˣһϸ״Ҳʲôɣҹ˻
ԭǳһŭΪֶŮ
֮ĻҲ֪ؾͱȥˣһʱ䣬ĹͱƵ˷˼ˡ
յõǴЩϢһЦ֮޼ݡ
һУ֮
й򵥵˵һ£δԼķ˵
¥ʱϣյСһڲ裬һߵķڣǸʲôˣ
룬ʵش𣺡ػϵĻλе֮š
֪ôˣ
һ¥ʱ֪ҳȱһλة࣬Żʺϣȥӡ
š
¥ʱֵһ䣬ϣվ͵ݻسˣչأҪżߵ˹ȥй
ʺסйɣȥһ䣬ӵȥŰ졣
зڹ˽գӣǸġ
ʲô˾ʲôӡ
̧Ҿǡ
Թ緹ȥˡ
ߵԺͿӴźЩСһߣͤ




36 콾βϾ
 

ߵͤ棬ԾĸԼһ裬߲أ
ȥˡҡӳⲻˣڣʲô
ҲͲˣһڲֱ֮ӵйĹ𣿡
һ㶣˼κ󣬿ڵﳽ
ԣһӦԼһϷŵǸ֣Ǹ巣ǻϵķţ
ǿԣ֮áбһ۷ǵ˼ûǸӡ
ʵ˵һʵĵС
ǾǸ糿ĳǳľĳ
÷ϻֱʡ
ﳽ֣ԾȻֽϡ
룬д֣ȥѡ
빬
ôأ
Ҷ˼
д빬ֽ˰ɣ˵Сǻϳ谮㣬˵˾ı֮ӡ
һƮƮؽֽΪʲôǳʱĳ
Ŀһ۷ǳ󺣵ĳһˣǱȥǳ󺣡
ˣ
ǳ󺣣
콾βϾ
仰һ£ǣôզأ
һ㣬ݸһЦ׳־Ƶݾ
ޣϽɣίʵ治Ļһѻתƿ
Сʵܲ˴̼ˡ
Ҫȥɨй㿴˭ȥɡ
ղŻشѡ˼СѾͷӣŲͷŷ˵Ȼǡ
Сɵǣǻɣһ
ǸʲôطҲǶԸǶԵͷʣ
յƳһ۷еࡣ
Ǹ򵥵
Ա⡣
һЦϥһ뿪ͤûһͻˡ
£ϦˡǴɫȹĹ˹
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۾ӽŲӯǻ书
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ūּ
״ˡ
֮ͤջԾ˲١
繫²⣬Ʒȷʵ幫߷ˡ幧˵ţ︡ϼֺ¿Ҫնݳ




37 ϲ
 

պƢЦЦ̧ͷ壬Ƣգ˼ҡ
ǡϥһ񣬵˵ʲôô
սĿǺϦϣüһȥǱߣҰйúʰһ£ɲϣʱ򱾹ˣǶɸһ
ǺϦһϥūһйʰͰһ·ġ
һЩ̽ȫγȥʹõס
뿪֮תȥ
һ磬һӵĲˮй
ǰֵˣֽȥϣѡһ
¥ʱдһʣǺֽ

ʷﰵطâ
ﳽ빬¥ʱ︡Щްϲŭ
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ĿһӣλȻ뵽һȥˣ
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빬֣¥ʱƿڣ¾ãסĵطҲøĸˡ
ţ
̧ͷĿԼλϡ
¥ʱһֽʣﳽ빬Ҫˡ

ʴ
յҪʲô
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¥ʱŻǲ׵ķ︡ƽʱҲǸģôһǸŮ˾ͱ䱿أ
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ۺ飬סͬʱȥǾǻϰػʺ󣬵ۺ
˺ٻһɻ
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Ůң
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е㲻պʲô𣿻ɱమ
ǱߣӦˡ
¥ʱƺһ㶼⣬ŷ˵׼١
ǡ
¥ʱˣˣôǿһˣɱܷŹ




38 
 

ϯӻʹͿպ˵˵ЦЦĳЩӿǱȶöˡ
ҾҪȥˣʲôҪҴȥģϯڡ
ʦһҵͨͨûȥʦڹͲԼˡ
ţʲôҪ𣿡
տһϯĿ⣬ڣûС
ϯĬĬһһŮˣת뿪
ЦһĮ

ľǰЩӣգȥӡ
ׯûжôң͵ӣӵи
մӶһУκЩĶǣǰǲҪ¡
һ·ϣժ˺ЩׯϵӵӣԷСõˡ
հ˼ӣ߱߳ԡ
ׯӲ£׵ţ氵㸡պǿԽһׯӡ
ղͷͼ˵š
ЦЦ
Ϧ꿪ڻأպӹ׾ٵõѲɵҪйٳһ𣿡
Ҳǲԡջɷµôһ룬ʱӿɾͲóˡ
ЦЦ巵Ҳ˵ǮԼйء
һСܼǣڣϦȥʱǮˣûĻǼסĵطҲҪϸһ㣬ίԼ
ǡū֪ˡ
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ڲԶӿĽˡ
˵ҫǸĺŰŮӣţߵļѾ߿ɺء
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ľ񻪺һۣľ󷽿ڣλÿҪ濪ˣׯӲأԹҪݾݣ԰Ӵȥ
лľˡ
ľǴ˰
ȻƣÿɾͲˡ





39 ӿ
 

һߵʱҲһ·ˡ
ջЩĹⲻ񣬸óԳԣúȺȣĿġ
ǡ
һ˸߽˻
ĶһƷƷٵŮСԱģûʸ
򵥵Կ緹֮վ׼ȥ˯ˡ
һȺĴɢ;;˯˯ڳͤĵġ
ȻһԺӡ
ſڣԺſڹˣĿһӾһԵµıԽ
ϦһȸǸˡ
°ӣϦǻߵſš
Ժӵĺš
һѾ̽ͷһֻۣԺģ˻ʾ˸ȥȻǽС߹ȥ
Ϧһһ㿿ĽŲĿȥ̵С

ߣľһʱ࣬һߣԷֿ
ɣŵԺſڵʱͻȻԼˣѣһ·ҡ
ľ񻪰ϱһһˮ鷳꣬˼뿪մȾˮյȹӣֻûȥȹ
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ľЦЦ֣Ҳ˿ˣɣҾɴȹء
ȥɡ

ׯ氵ӿƽķΧ棬̲һЩ顣
һЩֱĹŮܿͲ˲ףȴ˵ﲻףֱ¥ʱĵ
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40 ˣ
 

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ˡߺűһ¥ʱ˯
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41 ʧΪһϷ
 

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¥ʱһȦָͭ￴ᣬĮֲּ̣߷
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42 ôǣ
 

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ûһ˿飬ǵĶҲӲӲ֮С
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43 Ϊ̫
 

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44 Ȼ¡
 

¥ʱ֪ԼڵΪѾˣᵽצݹ
¥ʱʲôģ

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Ѳ𣿡¥ʱһھһ䣬ݵϢòη壬Щη棬ƫûա

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45 û
 

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46 ҫȥɡ
 

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47 ʱһ㡣
 

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49 ѵʫ
 

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50 ôܲ¡
 

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51 㻵Եȥɣ
 

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53 Ǻ
 


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54 ֪
 

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55 ˯ȹҪ
 

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56 ĺܽ
 

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57 
 

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58 ͦ
 

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ƨƨߵˣտԼһ·һǱġ
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ղʾǻȥǵ¥ʱһ
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59 ݼ
 

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60 ȥˡ
 

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61 ϼݵ
 

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62 ˽Ȿ
 

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63 ƽ˾
 

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64 ͦá
 

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65 ʮ´󳯻
 

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66 ʺϺɫ
 

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67 ûϷ
 

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68 ۾֮Ҫͷ
 

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ʣձѹԡһΡ
Ȫˮˮ¾ͺ㶨һ㣬䡣
ԡﺨսһֱ֮˯ȥˡ
ԡ֮¥ʱһ۷źõĳи壬ŮϺԼһ¡
ʰԼŴӹóһɫȾ¸ϵŮϡ
ݲʰ˲о֣˹ƣ¥ʱϴЪϢ
¥ʱ²ź۾һߵչһֻ첲ˡ
΢΢̾һ¥ʱҲȥˡ
ҲǱѹһȻ첲˶ѣϰߵġ
գîʱ̡
ɵ¥ʱʱˣɵģԼľĸ첲յ˯գ̧ͷ
Ѿͷ˯Ĳҹά
Ҳ˯ţҪ˯棬ڶϿ϶Ҫڴˡ




69 빬
 

¥ʱҪԼ첲Ůƿ
Լֻһīɫī
ǰžűһŵˣ߹ȥҴҴųȥp
ݵǼ¥ʱˣæ
ū澲μϡ
¥ʱ֣ȫѾһ߹ˣūѾˮˣϳ֮ȥ鷿ǻ빬
빬¥ʱ𳤽źԺȥ
ǿһȫͷк֮Žȥˡ
ӣŴϻ˯ˡ
һɵζǾδҲ֪ʲôζˡ
һߵϵ£߹ȥ
ۣ̿΢΢һ飬жＱ
ˣɳԴϴǻͷͿջ۾˯ء
ǣ˯ǽۺ÷һߣȻٰѴ÷һߡ
šսƵһߣѹűǷǣ˯
ʰһӣƿһ㴰͸ȥˡ
¥ʱϴջ˯
Թ緹¥ʱϵ˱һʵ˱ˡ
¥ʱϵζۼ˯
Ƕգ¥ʱ󲽶ȥıӰӡ
ϵĸʲôأ
ΪʲôҪأ
ȫҡҡͷһͬ¥ʱ뿪
˯ѵʱۣãĿܡ
Ƿﳽɣ
е죬ƺ
ˣɴᣣһãգ빬Ͻġ
һ֮е㲻ŵĿ˵ţ
Ǽյı飬˵ﲻţڶЩ㡣
빬ϡĵظһ䡣
ַ̧
ǡ
Լ빬
ˣ̧ͷſڴˣͷ
¥ʱ߽һ룬һ䣬вʣ
һ졣
ĬĬԴֻԼڡ
ҲֻˣȻҪǴȥǻ˵á
ŤŤ壬ȻһĻش𣬡ûʲô̫ĲʣеᣬҲҩˣ
ж༤ңҿϵЩ۾֪ˡ
ǰ㼤ҵºһЩ΢ͲûжоΨһ͵ͨľ˸ҩ
ǰҲҩˣȻָܻô졣




70 
 

¥ʱͷˡ
ղصĳƺֻԼû
Ȼ£ǾŰɡ
շǵִӴ̧һ֫˵滰ҪڶΣСҪˡ
¥ʱŴԲѵգĬһ
յһ¥ʱȥ·ˡ
¥ʱڲԶĴָʳָĦţĿİƺٻζʲô
һɫĨأƴ̽£ɫĽ֯ĵȹһͬɫĴ
·̧īױ̨ǰŲϵĺۼַ̧
ǿһۣڣҪһ𣿡
㡣Ǵ첻ˣΪȫܼţⲱϵЩۼ֪ΪǱӶˡ
۱ͷˢմȡһЩۣɨϣסЩۼ
̧һīױķ룬Ȼѡһ֧ĵ׺
ס˲ϵĺۼҲױˣĲҡ¥ʱȥ
߰ɡ
˼ֳ̧ס¥ʱӣĿ⣬һЦݣӸ
¥ʱĬһ£ֲǳӣ˵ʲôãֱӺ˵
ҪĻ¥ʱڣǣȥŷ׼㣬ʺ󰮳Եġ
ǡϥһȥ׼ˡ
Թ緹ս˰һںԺ棬ʱ֣΢棬΢ȵϣ˯һò⡣
¥ʱڲԶͤӣһ˯һȻû˵һ仰ѵõ¾á
¥ʱҪźʱȫǴһ˵л
Ϧͨ˽˯գ߹ȥūڷﳽܾˣǵĵľҪ빬š
һֳ̧һ㣬ҪҪʲô
Ǽ״߹˵ĸҺʫմ״ʵģɱʫ壬ӦǲĸҰɡ
һãĿǣ͸ȥһϣұʲôã󹬲ø֪𣿡
Ѳɵ˵¥ʱı
Դ²Ǳ¿˰ɡ
ϦҡҡͷʾԼ֪λʲô




71 ͬģϽ
 

ǹһϦ꣬ڵΪ֪ϰﴵ߷ɡ
աꡱһЦָָԼЦżűǴȴ󱯵Ĺ𣿡
ʲôô
Ҫ˵ˣ¥ʱ󹬲øǽɣǶŻԼײǹϡ
ƾʲôҪ߷磬ƾʲôҪðŵ¥ʱķȥֺõ顣
˵ȺûһֵģȳĪǾûӵģصôһ򵥵ľԸ
ûӵ
ЦЦһͤӵˣһת⣬ﲻ罫ƸϣǻµūŻҲæ
һǣֵ̧˵ţѾͷӶ࣬Ϧ꣬ȥѵ
ǡϦ뿪֮Ǿһߣһȹڡ
ûһϦʹŵˡ
ˡ
̧ͷŵ
һɫĹװһ״ͷ棬¶ׯòϾ£쵰ҶüСɡ
ǲһ
Ůˣ϶ǻкܶ򣬹Ҳһӡ
檲μʺ˫ֽӯӯϥһ۽Ŀȴǿһ۲Զ¥ʱ
ҲڰǾ͸ˣʺҪǼǾ϶ڻһӰ죬ǿˣԼٳͱסˡ
⿴ôǰһ
ԼĸҲˣǾҪʺһʧʥİٳ衣
ϣڣ񣬴˵ţֶ̧յһڲ衣
ȵװ֪΢ǵĿѯʣұк£
檣檡һ˵£üȾǳҼġ
νϷһᳪһ˻ϡ
һǣŲһξ룬̧ĵļ򣬡ôˣʲôµ뱾Ǳ˵ģлأȥϡ
Ŀ΢䣬ŹǵգλէĻʺ䱸ֱ
ȻǸ򵥵һ仰ͰԼժȥˣһĺ
ǵĻǸʲôˣ֪ܲ
ıרС
ǰҲи֪ĺҪԼĸ飬ɽأԺ󹬸ͷ˴乬һѰ׹ˡ
ɲҡ




72 
 

ֹһ۵ͷӵ¥ʱ檺︾ʫմ״ʣĸ̰ܻ߱ةһֽ״˼ҡ
յͷʾԼ֪
ûжʾգһᣬ˵檵ĸؼ˷ʵڲӲʺ飬˳ĸҰɡ
һΪѣ⡭
Ȼڵϣĳȥͻ˵һ䣬檶ȻмպΪʿϹᡣ
ǻԥ
סյ֣ȥ˵˵ɣֲʲô£ϰﶨȻὫôģϻء
ƣǸ˼¥ʱǸ׵ĻŮˡ
ƺǱ˵ˣɫ΢΢Щݣֽ֮󣬳ͤȥ
¥ʱһɫ߹գĿ⼸ζڣī
ǡչ˳ӵĿڣ̧īĥ
¥ʱͷӣֹ죬ų˳ϣŵ
¥ʱǺ̧ͷŹųգϵڣ󹬲øʺԽˡ
ռ¥ʱĮȻӣŵ÷īȹڵϣʧԣһʱ۵ˡ
ڵģϷȫˣһĪ񣬵𣬰˳׵ġ
ɡƤӵôˣСѾͷòа
¥ʱĿọ̈̄ŲԶϲĵΪӡ
֪ܲһ£ϷͬϽ
һһ
ôϣȻҪúһºô
ң֪ﱾͲǸʲôŮթƣС걾ꡣ
ԣٻٶ񶾿̱ϰΪˡ
վĬĬƲһ죬ոһĿ۰
¥ʱĿ⣬ʶȤĬĬī飬ݺ˳αװͷĥ
ѽһõ鰡
´ȥ֮˿϶¥ʱְˣߵΣҲСôһ㡣
俴һӵˣȴײЦЦĿգգ۾һղ
¥ʱǺմīģͷҲ̧±뿪ɡ




73 ǵó
 

ǣ檸ˡ
ʧҲ֮Уη¥ʱı߱ɱҲֻϲûжôػʺ
Ѿ߻뿪
һ۵ıӰīһߣһΪм
ȻûһӰ£µˡ
¥ʱۣ뵽ʱ£ڣǵó𾭡
ôǵ簡
Զĵ¥ʱĻһ˲ֻ
Ҳôػʺ󰡣ǰЩ϶ϷȻôΪһС¾ͷʺ󳭷ء
֪¥ʱΪò
һȵЦݣ޷ſһ𣿡
졣
ĬĬ¥ʱԹĿֱίֿġ
Ҳ¥ʱôŻ治ɫӡ
¥ʱֽһྵūſڵȫȥֽ
ǡ
ûһȫֽʡ
¥ʱһӣ˰Ӹգë棬ڿʼдٶȿĻܳꡣ

ձǿһ֧ëʡ
ëʿĲգһȺǸӡ
˭»ǳ𾭶ȹ
ֱУֱа
ôҲԼģѾûڵȨˣɡ
մīֽϲġ
۶ľǹ죬ÿ𾭾Ĭд
¥ʱӣѾдõһƪ𾭣ĿٴЩͣһĵĵǲ
ô㣬Σ
һ¥ʱǵһЦôСһˣʲôأ
ú˵ŲŰ˸һأת۾͸˵С˵ϹҲô˵
ĬĬָ檾˸ģɰûơ
ǰûưһʺ飬ĺźϣƢ˳
¥ʱĬĬһյĹĵģƤҲûôô˵㻰ôĲҪأ
Ϊ˼ΣգӪһּƣǹƣûаƣ
ǻĬĬŰɣⲻ֪Ǳյǹʹɱ
ձԵ̧һ¥ʱ֣ϲŭһ㶼µĿ˵վͻƤҪˡ




74 ೭ʮ顣
 

¥ʱֳ̧򦿴գĿ΢䵭ڣ೭ʮ顣
Ǳⱨ
շëʣ˫ֻأһҪСûбôأŲҪд
ţĮϵĿϣŭôһˡ
ͤ˽ţһūӲɵͷпࡣ
Įע£պȻЦһֱס¥ʱĲӣϣ÷ͳʮò
ۿɼ¥ʱ΢΢һ
ʮʮֺ֮⣬޵СЦݹȣ⻻˭Ƕûеֿɡ
¥ʱͷЦӯӯһ̧ץסĸ첲ǳ⣬֮ͥ§§ɺͳ
ԴĬĬֳӻΰΣĿڣֻ۵ģʮòãò
¥ʱĬĬ̧һֻͷô죬֪װĿɻôһ㶯ݡ
̧ͷһɫĮˣôߵץס֣ò
¥ʱɫץסֻϸССһֻûйͷһٱ飬Ļۡ
ʲôô
ź촽¥ʱҪʲôʲôô
Ŀİһ£Ħڵź£¿˱ֻʮ顣
űˣĬһȻ޵ȥ
¥ʱ΢ٵĽŲ︡Ϸζߡ
ȫĬĬͷǣǵģֹ̧˹ĸ첲ڵҵô𣿡
ʲôţ˵ĻûתأȻᱻʺ˵ˡ
ҵ찡
ЦЦȫĸ첲Ժ˾ͻϰߵġ
⻰е㾪㤣Ҫһ

մһɫĽȹ޵ˡ
ˮתŲ仺·΢ôһ졣
Ǽæȥգ̴ζĬĬһ졣
ǣӶһڵǺɳƣ޶ˡ
ǲߵŷĲȳһЩӣȻܳˡ
ӣͷҪӸ
Ӹߣ˵㹴Ų棬ֻӵζôһ˿˿ҩζ
Ҫĸ׵Ȩ




75 ׷
 

Ŀһ˲Ӷ̧ͷǣ⣬顣
ǶʱᣬˣóһƿһЩĩȥȣȻϥһӸȥˡ
úõͱôƻˡ
նʱûθڣʩʩȻ뿪ŷĵĿһۡ
ǶӸܹܴȥһ䣬ȴȥ׳
ŷ
ǴȫͲūڡ
Сǣŷܹ̫༱æӭǹùãʲôˣʺʲôˣ
Ƕ˹ӸոӸͲū˭
һƣܹ̫֪ʳˡ
ܹ̫һߵūţϽȥ˺
һӺŮ˳
ֺܹ̫ЦЦָŲԶļˣ˵ӾǸӸ͵ĵġ
ǽӸݹȥʺȱĳ˷ʳӸ͸ˡ
ӵͷĿӸееҩʲôҩҲ
ūлʺʹ͡л֮ӹųһڣɫͲˣȻһںѪŻˣ֫鴤ŵء
ŲŵĿ⣬Ǿеҩôж
ۼֿסӸŭһһĵūȻҶɱʺ˰Щūȥʣ
ȫ̧һѶǰϸһ˾סˣǺʲô
̫ץӺ͹Ů뿪ˡ
ܹ̫࡮ͨһڵϣǰڣŷ˸ŹڵϣҴһ
ǽһ߿Ϸȫһ
ȫһ飬ȻʲôӾʲôū澣Ƶð
ȫһⲻǴϾ֪
ٻõĵӦְ
ȫɤӣɤʺʳȻ¶ǻʺĳӸŷ˶ҪԴ
˵ţִ̧һŷ̫ܹܵԴɸֵĿڣһ㶼ϸ´ԴҪˣ
ū֪ū֪ܹ̫తһƣֺЦЦġ
ȫͷǣĿƺ˵Ӧò˰ɣ
΢΢ͷ
ص빬СķѾˣ¥ʱڲ




76 Ҫȥ
 

빬̷
ǵʷʽһ㶼̲εĲûһĻʹ
ȫﲻðһ仰ЫˣԽŮԽݶ
ǩֻѺ֤֮뿪ȥ޵
극ɢķϣ׼ȷ˵޷¥ʱŪȥֻúһ
㹻ĸˣϵǲԵ¡
֤ʳʵݸգһ߸̫ѨĻ֮һɡ
Ťͷȥ¥ʱֻһīɫһ鿿Ͽţгȡ
˵ô죿
¥ʱַ̧ҳһ̧ͷգĮĸ֣ذ졣
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ֱ壬룬ŵͷˣվȴϿȥ׼齡
ȫ뿪֮ʿմ󲻾һĻʱһ
ӻϿȥǴ󲻾
һϰΪȫȥ
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ȫһѹĺȻӦһȻ뿪ˡ
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Ҫȥֱڡ
¥ʱŹ˳Ů§ϸս֣ϵһȥˡ
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ô¥ʱֽһߣַ̧һͷ㷢˵˵ǶǺδģ
빬飬ôܻ¥ʱ֪ء
ſϣӸоеҩ˾ҩִ󣬸øӡ
¥ʱ۾ŻｿεεŮڣҩĶģ
һǷӹŪģиҩⶾҩġ
¥ʱһüδ׷ա




77 Ҫ̫ӡ
 

ôҧָһãȻ̧ͷ¥ʱڣҪҪʲôô
Ҫ̫ӡ¥ʱһԴǵĶûж飬ĪɫԽ˵ҩҪٳˣӡ
һ£½ëס䱡
¥ʱ֪Աҩһ㶼⣬ֻ¥ʱ˵Ҫһ̫ӡ
ⲻǱĳӾǴϯ̫ӣδĻϡ
Ů͸˷ˡ
ղûУԥˡ
һӣպ뿪ʱߵĺԥ
ǣûһӣĵλƱزôȹ̣ݱ⣬ܴڶ˭Ҳ֪
иӰֻҪʲôĻλĺȡ
ɡ
νˣ뿪ǵ뿪
գֻռǣһҪġ
˳ڣ檲ҩˣ˳ȻɣֻһǸСأ
С
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տףȻòһ£Ȼ˵ûȢ֮ǰôԼģ
¥ʱĿˣһŮֱӰƵڴϣʱ뿴




78 
 

ڴϹһȦŲ¥ʱ߲ĵʵԸ㣿ǡ
ջû˵ͱ¥ʱڻſϣƨϰ˼ơ
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ӣһαƨɣ
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𣿡նӵðһ仰һüۣ˫ִ½ȥò
ûһǴӲȡ
üĿƣ
¥ʱĿⰵһŮ˫ϸĦͳ΢ƵԸУһֻȻ޶ԡ
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ľһθգҪȥòһˣرõˣпܻ²
º¥ʱḧյıŻ˯ڣ쳭ʮ飬Ϲ¹顣
վͲˡ
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죬վǰ𾭣¥ʱ±ԼԼġ
ϣ¥ʱû̫֣ξͷŹˡ
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¥ʱϹƱƵĹĿһһȥŶǲ˵˵¸ιϢ飿
̾һղϤı




79 
 

ŷӦͷλɲʲôǸʵʵı
ɱ˻Ҫ
ͨһڵϣǰðϸսսģҡ
ͷһĮģĬĬǸĬӡ
Ͼˣѻӵˡ
ӵ߳ǰһ̧һҾϣΪʺɱϺǰ䣬ðʺϵɱ
ﳼְ̰ǹϢ鲻֪жٰܿ࣬ϵּնɱΪΪ񣬺Ĳ
¥ʱһƨĳ棬顣
̧һҾ˵ô󽫾˵ʺɱȴҲȱĳλ֣öȣ֮٣µĻʺôͲΪˣ
˶촽˵ʲô
΢΢һ顣
ռЩ͹öȣΪĲԼöĸҵǮôͳ֮٣
¥ʱʦֵĻյĳ棬ɫĪ⡣
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赭дĿǣԵ
ŶúһĹ¥ʱִ̧ͷ֣俪ڣȥߣ˹λΪǧ
Ľ¹ñ͹ٷͰǸɫҰ׵Ĺ
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̽
¥ʱƳһ۹ûʵ񣬡ة࣬ʺıˣûǸĲ֪
Ĭˣּ
ԾҪ̽յı£Ȼµ˲٣˾پҪмＸ
ܶԣԶʧ
Ƿ£ǵԼԼ
񶼴ӦˣȻҲͬ⡣
ʱյ糯¥ʱڽǵһʱ




80 ľ
 

³ص빬¥ʱ˯ĳˣ죬۵һĨΣɼ˯ö
ڽǵһʱЩǶϻãڴЩ˯ⲻС
ղΣգĬĬѹűһһëëڴ棬¥ʱ˯
¥ʱžһǽŮʱЦˡ
վſһ¥ʱˣת뿪ȥ鷿ӡ
ҪǰŪˣָҪôˣ˯ɡ
˯ѣѾˡ
յ߽ģź£鷿񣬲緹ˣԹ߶ԡ
һԹطﳽɡ빬죬Ҫ죬ȥ϶Ҫڸ
ǡ
ϴ£Թ緹վʹǺɢطﳽˡ
ȫµǮ֮ͬȫȥʵʩˡ
ǮϢһ˸мŻʺʴȣٺ˴ƿյ
տմ󳯻嵥ĿǼɽ亣ζ棬ԽԽۣԵĶӰ
вУô˷ѡ
ȫٴα١
ǺȫһߣԼϣ˽£Ҳþô
ȫùһĵݹȥܹͰŰɣʺ˽Ƣܺõġ
ȫӹĳһڣڲнŵĽɼ֡
ȫ嵥ϸ㣬ÿĴ󳯻ᣬϯ֧뼸ǳȵġ
ЩȾͺݳޣЩʹͣȻ˴緶Ҳû׬ʲô
ȫù㣬ŲҪԡ
ˡ
տȫȻ뵽һ飬⼸Ĳ˻һ£Ȼˣ㿴ܲá
ǣū
ǹɵðһ䣬ū澵Ȼܸȥ𣿡
˵ıǵ½̵ģһֳտԺõĲУֻ岻֣ˣɲܴ
ȥɡ
ռʹ͵ĶתһȦǵǸ棬һϵľ֮Ҫģ̻Իͣҫۡ
ȴ񹤾ϸһ㣬ɱǲô󣬿Ҳ㹻ݳޣȥ
ʹͣЩصĽ鱦ľʽĻȥľʡǮҲӡ




81 
 

ǰһС͵ϺзȫĿ̻Իͣһ㶼ľ
ȫ̾ΪֹŲһĺܾ¡
֧룬µʱҲˣټḷ̌ɼľɡ
ǡһʡһǮˣȫʡǮıǹĿ࿴ˡ
Ĳ࣬Ǿʹȫȥˡ
һˮײˣòİײˣˮһȥƮˮһ仨һʱ侪ޱȡ
ȫһԣĿⶼˣ޲ڣ˿ȥʺ
ǲ˵ͷԡ
ԱȫһĴС뿪
ճԹͺȫǽ󳯻嵥һݣϸһ£ٿʡһӡ
ǮʡˣҲû
ȫݵӣＤһʱƽ
պʱһҪͬʺ־顣
ȫſڵǰǸһţԺŻʺúѧľͶǹҵ档
ƨڨڨһЦʦİɣһúøѧ
СˡȫЦһ䣬󽻴ϵ¡
ɫڣɢ경֮ȥԡʱͿϢˡ
Ъˣһô죿ΪյСްǲòһ¡
ԡһߵǣڣĿԺСĻܻŲҪΪ˯ݾʱء
֪һԣҲ֪ôȰ˵ֻźԡ¡
ϴ֮տһȥ˯ˣѵһ˶ռһŴ˯̹
Ъµգһյƣȥš
շϵ۵Щһԡ²࣬ŬԼõһֳ
ϻϲȥﳽǱҵĿܴܺһߴĵĒԼһϷԼӡ
鷿
ȫ·̫ˣ˴ȥǰͷӵˣϣʱˣȥĶλЪϢ
¥ʱ̧ͷһڵҹɫӣ￴ŲԶ·̫࣬ĬΣڣ˹
·̫仰ϲˣˣ仰ˡ
һźֵӣ¥ʱȻ뵽һŽףĿʱȥˣ¡
ǡ·̫ɫѾľˣ仰˶ˡ




82 Сûĵ
 

·̫뿪֮¥ʱͷӡ
֪ҹȫ¥ʱ޵ʱ¥ʱȻڼݷﳽ
ͻȻǸͲȥ˯ŵպ¥ʱߵ޵
ֻһյƣϹһţЪϢˡ
¥ʱϴ֮Ϩ˵ϴϢ
ߺȻһˣһ˯¹⿴ߵˣ뿪ڣʲôʱģ
¥ʱֽ˱ڻģ㳳ˣ
ҡҡͷûУ˯ǳ
¥ʱϵ̴˰ģûһͰѰ˯ˡ
¥ʱҪ˯ŵģȻ˸ҡˣӡ
ʲôӣյļǿƢڡ
֣ܶǱ򲻹
¥ʱյķ˵չ鲻ãǹֲȥЩӡ
һȺܾ۾˻ȥһܴȵ
ڣϲĵս󹬣ӭж⡣
һ䣬Աˡ
Ƿ˰ɣȻԼ˳Ůˡ
¥ʱջڣϲģΨһһҪǲ¹£ȥҰɡ
Ŀͣ·һȺǰХ
ǹҲɣ
Դһӣʿˮ˵˭𣿡
㲻¡
ǳǸŮĲ£
¥ʱʬˣһ¼˭᲻
¥ʱһյıڣ˵õġ
ճĬһίʵ粻԰СڱΪ˽¥ʱ⡣
ôˣ
µģ
ǱջˮȻΣոһ㡣
˴ҹ˯̸صظɢһЩΣ
΢΢һ
ҪôЩı䣬ȻܡҪôϿ˷һ£Ͼһʲô
պððĻͰ¥ʱŭˡ
ƾʲôҪ˷ƾʲôҪίԼ
ôΪ˭
Сûĵġ
ߵӣڣҪôÿʵһ㶼һӰӡ
š
ЩĽŮˣǲϲ𣿡ղһ䣬ּһ䣬Ѳɻϻн񱣿




83 
 

ϲн񱡣¥ʱûԥһ¾˵
մһ룬գգ۾û뵽¥ʱнġ
˯ɡ¥ʱ΢΢սһֱۣ۾˵
պȻû˯⣬̧ͷ¥ʱȻôһ㸴ӡ
ˣܶθڡ
ܶģ¥ʱѪ飬Σ
ЩãΪķޣֻһɷġ
⼸Щ鶼˴ŵģΣ漰һռҲ˳ˮۣռҿ¥ʱΡ
³һܺõ
ǡ
ջ۾סıĮ
¥ʱ۶֪ն˺һմʲô⣬ġ
˯ѵʱĿⲨһָƽ֮󣬴¥ʱţ񲢲Ǻܺá
ɫţʱ硣
´ùһߵžͳȥˡ
Ŵ򿪵;ˣͷһչˣæվôˣǳʱ̣ʱ仹أȥ˯
ҡҡͷͷһߵĲȥ˯ţȥúɡ
ǡ
ڲһЩĲɵģûһǶžƺ;Ʊˡ
ūºһǵһƵݸգڡ
ɡնƱһھƣɫЩƣ룬ڣһΣ˾û˯ˡ
ǶžƱСһڣûмſѯʣһ
շ¾Ʊſϣһ䣬֪Զɰ
εţ֪ʲôԭȻȥͻһˡ
ˣѯһ䡣
ƺ߳ŰеЦЦĿ޾˼ƣΨһϤҲһˡ
Σزȥ
ǿһ£ȻЩˣԵĺȵģ
ǵǴϯĻʺԶ޶עһֻﳽ档
ݣǲòһ䣬£϶ȻԸ㡣
տĵϿһ̨ϡ

ǣ𣿡ͷȾƣƽһ䡣
ûСǺվ̨ϣһ̧ͷ¡




84 
 

žƺһھƣ̨ϣԣϲһôоأ
ҡҡͷĿĿգ˵£ϲ֪ϲһ˵ĸо
֪ɡպһھƣվ׼һ£ȥ塣
ϥӦһʣҪͻ˵һ
ǵú˵һ䡣һǷվƺݸǣȥЪϢˡ
ʰ˿վƺ;Ʊȥš
Żص޵˯ˣ׼ȥϽһ¡
˯˶ҪȻȥϳٻȥ˯ܻᾪ

ͳɳƵ̧ͷȥͼϵӣںڰ׼ȷߡ
߹ȥڴߣڣˣ
˯ǳ¥ʱŲһξ룬պ˯ȥȾƣ
Ͼһɵľ㣬ҹ˯ȥȾƣҪôҪôˡ
ƿ֮󣬲ͷ¥ʱȻ۾Ŀûа˯⡣
ǰһجΣȥȾѹѹ㲻˯ֻ¶һԴ棬ڻأ˯һ
¥ʱüƣ룬Ȼֽ˱ڻ̧ıԼɳƵ˯ˣһҲûʲô
Ŷչɵһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
Σ¥ʱĮ𣬡û£ԳȥةɣǵûŽ
šգգ۾Ȼû˯ˣǾ˵һ£󳯻£Ѿ׵䶯̫ȫǸ𡣡
ȫ͹˵ˣﶼװʲôأ뵽Щ嵥¥ʱһյţʡǮı£¸ʰ·硣
ƲƲ죬󣬡ڼּңΪĻǳӯĹ⡣
¥ʱôڼ󣬲ĹҪˡ
Ĳ¥ʱĳĿڣûҪôڼ󡣡
տ¥ʱ治֪ǲںװ֪
󳯻ǸϹ԰ɣնεĿ⣬Ŀڡ
¥ʱͷš
룬԰¥ʱڣԼȥ˼յƣ֮ȥǰõĶù




85 
 

¥ʱùյĶͷϸš
ϹõϯıӻʹͶǶūŵʩᣬ˳һ´緶԰ɣ
¥ʱ̧ͷգӦһš
㿴ЩϹĶмĺö
ó񵥵ݸ¥ʱڴϣڣȫһūŲúǶϣæҲ̫֪࣬㲻ʣ͵ˣ˼
ڱŵ̬ôεȵĶǴϯĺöȻ֧ǳȣǿǸū֪Ҫ𣿡
¥ʱϽСǹһǳǳĻȣ̧Դһѣ˹ĿڣǸ𣿡
ʵԣãϲأϯٳ²֪
ȫǰҲ޵һ㣬ǿڰյķݶϣԼ֪ˣʲô˵ǶȻװ֪
ΥӦö·׼
һҡβϯӻСҺۣǽǻôŪǾûбҪˡ
ûĿԴϵצӣһ¥ʱպ檶˵ˣ󳯻Լȥɡ
¥ʱĶһߣڻڣϾίʵڼּҵĺ֡
ƲƲ죬Ķǲڼּңˡ
Ǯƽ֮ѾӵɽҲͲ̫ں
ҪһˡȴһԤ룬ȻŵЩΥĸô죿
ɱӺ¥ʱ§ڴϣĿ߱ɱϯĹеСһ¡
̧ͷһ¥ʱǿΪǼʶˡ
Ȼ뿴һװģǿ϶˧
ĽҺ𣿡ղŮһ㣬£Ǿ˲٣һ²Ŀѯʡ
룿
üͷôǰҵһĻأ
Ĵ¥ʱһ˿ԥյġ
պߺԱԼĲȻʼˣȻܶ˷緶ǰЩϹĶڣ檲½ϹĶҲʲôö
ʱǵٹٵϹһٹƱطŭٰǰЩĶ˾һ㣬ʱ򷢱˳¡




86 
 

¥ʱŵŮһ䣬һǺöأ
ǽϹǺöǾȫûͷˡ
Ŷһߵգ¥ʱۣôڿԼѧأ
գһ۾ƤթСꡣ
ϣóԹɽ亣ζͻȻԴײˣ᲻𣿡
¥ʱڣԼĪ˽⡣
ô˵ɣԼҲ뷽跨İѳӸһݺЩ棬һԽ̻ǼβˣҪʹ˵
ơ
Щǵλ檳էȻԳ檶ô
̵²ֻ̣Ҫìڣôһͻһʰ
ֻҪṆ̀ҰִǲҲìִ֮ܰܶĴ󳯻ᣬһҪѳӸһ
ΪԴϯжĹУֻΪǻʺǶ˵жд̣ݺݸһĴ󳯻ѡ
¥ʱĿ
ôѾ׼Ϊ˹վһߣֻҪվһߣ͸޼ɵĸ¡
һһ©󲻹ǸЩһ˳һЩԺӺùһ㡣
ڹѧģӦǡ
¥ʱû˵꣬վ̧ס죬Ŀ⣬ЦһЩ飬ղûҪ˵
üһ¥ʱյ֣һ䣬
¶ͷǾôãڴĺӻġ
С׼װˣʱ϶ϡշ¥ʱϡ
ô
տź޳ܵĳˣߺĿڣɶΪ˸һӣ㻹Ҫô
ĵɤջˣϱĺԽˣҲԽݺ۸Ů
ռ¥ʱİĬĬץԼ죬ܿҪˡ
¥ʱеƵģ붺Ů
§ڻոоһĳļӲڣù糯Ժ糿Ҫߺţ
ĬĬͷһ죬һҶ
Ȼϵ˲òΪסò
檲ˡչԹԵĻشһ䣬ӦòԺΪͲ
¥ʱƽһ£ˡ




87 
 

ϴ֮¥ʱҲˣŷŶͷٵŮڵպ˺ݼ
װɣ̽ģѯһ䣬ŻﳽЩҪġ
Ļν¥ʱƳһգĿζ
պȻ¥ʱ⻰ʲô˼ˣзµĻģҪзˣһҪڵҹ͵ڶһ϶ġ
ַ̧˷޷ķΣڣҲһʱȴ󳯻˵
˵ϯĶ䣬ǶһһʱԼճ밲϶һһˡ
¥ʱԹŲ뿪
ǰ
һλľǸˡ
վǶ֧ԴЩֱӹĶǣ죬˭ֻܿϷ
¥ʱ³ˣߵ밲ûɢ
̤ǰ¥ʱһ۾ͿǶϷŮü۽
ĵ̬¶
檲μӻϡ
һأոоԼѾΪһˣǺ붯
ˡ¥ʱ俪ڣҲȥ׷ǷڵˣвҪ
Ҫȥةฮ𣿡¥ʱߣһ䣬һնûļ塣
նˣϣƫͷбһĿתַ飬ǲ̸νλôǸִһʣ뿴˭
¥ʱ޷һԾβΣֲ̧ŪһһգĮڣһȻǾͰɣ곤Ӧλָһ㡣
Ƕ˶¥ʱһģĪеЩ
ǲ֪һŮ˵Ӳ
˵ȳ檻Ϳʼּǿֱ֣ɫĺɢ˰ɡ
ǣ檸ˡ
֮¥ʱһԴ𣿻ĳһ
¥ʱ̧ݣڴˣ㣬Ͻȥɣڵȥ͸ϲ緹ˡ
С
װҲٲ̶ӺͽģմӹﵽةฮѾ쵽ʱˡ
ո߽ةฮԹ緹ֶ֮ں԰ɹ̫
һһΣʱʱ˵һ仰⡣
ͳʱղ˯ȥˡ
μʺ
۵˹һ




88 ʮ
 

հζδʦֵܣûڣűõ
һ߿Ϸ
Ҳͷ˵ڣҪ˯ȥʦֿɾҪˡ
ʦˣͷѼֺվĴǲûпӰ
ʱ䣬ʦҲˣڹˡ
ûһˣȹӻû߳԰ľͷӰˡ
һɷ磬һ
߽϶ЩЦݣ̧Ҿڣʦʦ֡
񡣡һɫ˿ڣ嵭ֹػڴϯ⼸ΣʲôʲôӦ
ո󣬺͸ƵЦ˵ҶͦõģʦȻɽһ
ߵǰ£Ƕһߣվ
ʦ
ʦ
ͳҾ̬𾴡
ףһϮˣǺ겻ˡ
ȻǾʶȴҲ֪˵ֻ֣ƺһ
Լͽܲض񣬶̧һҾݹӡ
֪ӵҲѣһ߾ۿ
ʾ֣嵭źºͣ㣬Ȼˡ
ͳ棺ǿ
ֵÿʦֵܳԱ
ȻҪˣǲҲ̫żˣ
ʦһ𣿡
ҡҡͷջԼ֣巵ۺܿͻ֪ˣǸطҲȥ
յͷʾԼ֪ˡ
һ˵
ŶԼʦ뿪
ˣδʦֵ˵ʱĵͦǢġ

һߵϣҲš
Ҫ𣿡ɫпɵɫһ䡣
΢΢һüϵϸղŵҵ⣿
ͷŴͻСоԡ
գһ۾סĺʵܻã
ص̫ã˲δյĲԾ˹ϲ󱯵ĻʮûģҪӣܻ۰룬ʮꡣ
ʮꡭ
̧ͷĿƽĮӵҪ
̧ͷһգĬ˰Σͷ
һ˶ʮŮɣŮ




89 
 

ڣʦʲôʱ뿪أ
ܲϲֱٿصĸо޶˾ԼǸľżˣԻصԭãܡǾͽ췭ظ
ռһԣĿЩգźĸ㣬ޣ޷뿪
ͷһơ
ʦ˵زȥˣأ
ɣɡ
췭ظԼֻԼգ
յһƫִڰѿ
˻ʱ򣬴Ͽʲô
д˼ӸǣϸһЩ£Ƕղ
غشҲˡ
Сһ뿪ˡ
ڴͽܰĴ·һͬġ
Լʦ뿪ˣչԼ
ҽʦҲͲôһ㣬յһ
ס죬Щҩʱÿʱ򶼻㿴Ҳû˵յˣӶһ䡣
ôˣһ䡣
һЦ庮ҪӲףһ¡
......εһ
Ҳû廰
գֱ鲻ô򵥣庮ĻʦܻҪϾҽǺܲġ
뿪֮ǰصѯһ£˵Ļ˭ʲ
صﳽʱ仹硣
ժ˷αڴϣȹڴӴϴ
Ů
߹ݣϻ۵ͷԣϼѵòȴע˺ձ
¥ʱʱǶ֪˯߽޵ûǱһŵˣȥӸϡ
ôź˵ģ
շһ¥ʱſ΢üͷֱߵĺ촽
˯֮ǰ鲻Ǻܺá
ȵλˣȻ᲻ã
¥ʱڴ˼
ʱˣǱ¥ʱһֹˡ
߳޵¥ʱСţ˯ٳԡ
ǡ
ҪȥԸʱ¥ʱ˺סʣةฮʲô
ػϣ庮Ҫҩ鲻ðɡش
ҽ¥ʱֲҽֻҽ
ǡ
Թ¥ʱʣˣص޵ջ˯
ԡ֮˯
ⶼһˣҲ˯ס




90 
 

鲻ã¥ʱҲû
ϣ¥ʱ˯ġ
գîʱ
¥ʱ׼ѹĳ˻˯˯ƶûбһ¡
ָ̧ϵĶͷ¶ƽ
ãš
ţϳ
밲ˣΪ˵˲ܴϢ
˯ʮʱѡ
ۣ͵Ŀͷӣһûع
һ˯һ죬˯ת𣿡¥ʱְãģһѽīҡ
һᣬѹҵ㷢¥ʱļһЩɳƣ鲻þͻ
¥ʱżϵԴＫˣʲôϰߣ
֪ջһᣬָˣгԵ𣿡
¥ʱ˳˳ҵĳڵأϴ
š
ϴ֮¥ʱ
ɫڣ¥ʱ׼뿪ϾͲˣ˯һ㡣
š
͵ſڣվͻȥˡ
̬еʺз£¥ʱҲá
ص޵ױ̨ǰԼͷϵķαժϣǱߣˣ
ǽǼֵƵķηױڣ幫糯
մָϲĻȦ󳯻𣿡
Ӧûᡣ
ڻûվȽŸϾŮ⻷ǲСġ
ղͷȥǣЦſڣҪϯԹԴ˳ͳ磬֪𣿡
ǡ
ƯŨǵºͻ޶ˣڴϹԹɼ꣬ţ
ǡ
סڻش
ȥ̧ͷžԼһЦݡ
ԭĲڰһͬء
ϲӴ
빬
¥ʱ֪յ̬Ѿˣʱ޵￴顣
޵
ױõŮ˱ӵ˲ڴϣּ
˿ڼϣһϮɫ¹ճˣʩױϵŮš
ޣûʸȥҵģֻлʺȥֻڲźϡ
֮ǻϲ¹ҹǾ͵뿪
֨ѽ
ߵ̧ͷһۣΪԶֻܿһߴģӰ
ȻĽŲƽɵĽ٣ѹŽŲԽԽͷ·ѹһʯͷ֮һЩη塣




91 ѧ
 

¥ʱվ֮⣬ίʵЩͲζ
̧ͷĿⲻײ¥ʱŵ΢΢Щҵ񣬡檲μϡ
޵ȻֹܻصģĨسȹһɴճϺõˣļ֣񣬰Ǻǰı¶һЩ
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һ̧ͷȥ¥ʱ΢΢üͷɫ΢΢ףڣϣ
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ûһһīɫµ߳ˣŹɬ߹ȥƵڴϣǿưԵԵշ졣
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ʱ㱻ͻȥˡ
ҹϵĺۼԡ齿ϲһֽ
ǻϵڶҹŮء
о֫ʹɬЦϪ¼ȹȡһҩĨأһֱĹ䣬밲һҪѹȺ
Ϫһ񣬾ȥ׼ˡ
޳ɹǵĲյֻһףգȥЪˣҲҴ
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ﳽѾźЩˣϪ١
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º͵˲ѹڵϣģ檲ҡ
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92 
 

ҧһ޺ĺȫûˣѹŷŭṧڣǣּлʺ
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Ͼ󳯻ᵽˡ
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ɱĥˣʱˣϵȻˡ
սϣžԼ̧ԼüģģǾһ㡣
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ˡ¥ʱ߹裬յһֻӸϣȻǣȥϵձǼ䡣
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Լ֣һ¥ʱĸ첲ͷãۡ




93 
 

¥ʱŴԼ첲ϵ֣֣㡣
ǴϯĻʺ󣬵Ҳзʱ
յóѵĹһȡ
ĵֽ࣬˳϶һͷء
ϯλϿˣ̫Զֻܿ¥ʱͷ˵ЩʲôյɫδӦǿĵİɡ
˻ûأôͱιˡ
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⡭
һۣͷʾ֮һƤĹʱ׼š
ϣŽĴ󳯻ǻʺٰģʺЩδҲ̫ļª˰ɣ
ȷѵĹԱ㸻ģ֮ԳϯǱǷ蹷ƵĴ򷨸ˡ
ʵ֮º˲ڣɲúúõһλº
λº¥ʱ
һٵ΢ЦׯĿ˵λʹ糾͸ǳԴˮ̫ҽԺļ¼Ϊ˸λʹ壬صؽŷʳĵ嵭
ʺɲǽڣʺСǲ̨棡ǸԱȻԼվǶƢֱӿھͳ
ЩϲյĳҲŭˣǵĻʺʱֵһͱˣ
¾Ʊ᲻صһʹͷη塣
һʲôʸôͬϺô˵ǹʳҲҪлģ
㣡ԱԵĻǵ첱Ӵ֣Ĺɫȥ
ĹԱɫҲÿʹɫҲÿ
һūŻˣ溬ɱĿǸԱվڣһŵǸʹӡ
̧һҾɵĿڣϣǵıеþˣÿԲһ±
ǸԱϽ죬ҲҶ˵һ֡
ƢĴ󽫾ǲ
Ҫ淢ˣʱɾǧˡ
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սӵ¥ʱĿ⣬ЦӯӯĿڣĵ˼λߵϣⲻūŴһپˣ˴󽫾ɲá
̧һҾƷߺ޿ڣһڳʳǵĸǲжģǶĴ󲻾




94 Ϲ
 

ݸڣ޹ϯʿòЪϢ꣬󽫾ŰɣһϲĽӡ
Ĵ󽫾ƺô˵ˣ̧һҾ
ôһһͣһôȥˣǸԱһ
ɡ
һ£ȫ̧һģ˿𣬸輧롣
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ƹѲ϶ԵĲˡ
պһƣʱžƱĿ⿴˼ˣĿĮ
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ԣڶ𣿣
ȿȡ
ĬĬһӣòпһԱʶʱ
뿴¥ʱֽ̧ӹľƱڣʲôô
ôΪ˭أ
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Ҫ԰ͻͷһ¥ʱЦеġϣϹʱܴܲϳó檳ʶ
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Ʒ군
ųէ͸ôһἰϹһ£ǲèˡ
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յĿɬ䱸мӣϺܳʺҴ¶֣ǧûʺﵮºӡ
ȥעȺϲŮˣɢ֮󣬺¥ʱһس빬ˡ




95 ƶ
 

մԡϴóǰӵˣī޵ת
ĳкûб䣬ǹʰ̫ˣûҳŮ˽ĺۼ
ڲһʣ䣬ձ֪Լ⻰Խˡ
¥ʱһӴã̧ڲԶŮ䲻ȿڣգǿˣǱ֥黹С
ӽȥﳽȥ磬ƵٺãųִһЩԭΪĮʱﲻСƢȫΪЩ
ЩŮˣǺ뷽跨֮ɡ
ǸС۵ġ
ղɷһЦͲʲôȵˡ
ˣȻŮˣϲУС
ûһָҶڲǴôܻ޹ؽҪĴϷ
ֱ׳Ů¥ʱ򲻹ȥһˮһСôϲôԵء
üһӽ¥ʱԼޣôˣ
ǷޣԺʲô˵²²˼¥ʱ˳ԡȥ
տĺף΢΢һ
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νȺ֣ѡղΪǹȵĵҲƣۡ
ǡմӹӦһ˳ģ¥ʱĿһۡ
һ治֪óʲô̬ˡ
ƶ
˭ϣԼȣôȻĶ֣治֪˽ǲںϾλǱ
Ҳһ¥ʱѾȥԡˡ
硣ͷĳ¥ʱֳ̧ϵЩˮ
ջ̧Ĩһϵˮ飬ͷԡˣ֣Ʋ뻹ǲ
᲻صЧƣͣ¥ʱ




96 
 

˴ŰСʱɣվ¥ʱˣݳ˶岻á
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ҪðҪ÷˿ɵͲô鷳ˡ
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ЩէȻһմ¥ʱûûˣֱڵĲᣬҲϸϸģǿģԽ۸
뷨¥ʱݺ۸һ
ſǻ۽ǺģԽԽƲסˣҲӽǿŹ
ĬĬһţһʹ
˵þΣɶĸȻ˵ƭ˵Ĺ
ίͰһСֻŮ¥ʱְڻűƺ
糯ʱ¥ʱ˳ݼɲܵ飬ȻȥĴ̡
оʱһ죬һߵȥԡˡ
ǽʱϴóԼҵü䵭룬ĬĬһϲ֪ơ
Թ緹˽صﳽѾȺˡ
ٵĻʺٿüķƣ룬˶֪Ƿʲô
檲μʺ
Ųյһڣɣŵˣɡ
лʺ
һ߸
һĳһڣ̧ͷͿüž̬ױҲǼ򵥵ġ
ã岻ʣһ䣬ɫ޲ǡ
һЦһֻСڸü۸ĸϲã岻ҽҽ˵Уһˡ
һӡ
ž
ĲյСĵˣһҪҧˡ
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һʧ̬²ؼһڲ²յЦڣǺ°ǣȥҽ
治֪Լҵ´ʲô⣬һȥҽ
ͷĻʺǿ𼸷ʧ̬ºһЦʺˣŮǻϵĵһӣÿǺø檱޶ûء
ﰵ޲䡣




97 ϲ
 

յһ޶ûкӣˣҪǸŮãҪǸӣǾǳӣյĵλһĪв
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ͱɫôںÿ
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һںɫѿĲУƫƫҪһϲףΥı飬տЩҵȤ
ΪЩʵĿ⣬ĵⶼҪزסˡ
ʺﶼûеӣǹһء
Ȼ֪߻ΣأΣһϿ϶ῴӣһ»ϣһͺӱĺܺá
տ½½뿪ļ́üģպɾ;ˣȵȥһ¥ʱͷױԭ
ֳ̧򦣬ǳ뿴¥ʱϲģ
һ㲻ںգĳĿţôżأͲ𣿡
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Ӳ¥ʱһѪҰ֣ˣʲôӰأ
һӾ뺳ĵλǡ
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ҲȰˣǡӦһȥ׼졣
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Ȼֵġ
¥ʱڣɡ
лϡ
ūվ֮ȫȥԼҲȥˣ˳š




98 ƻʺ
 

кˣûоϿϲôĮѵǲϲǸӣ
ٹĬĬţǸ㲻ʲô
ߵߣ¥ʱĳЦеģϡ
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ʼ򣬿űˣЦеĲƤôһ£ϲϲ
ֲ֣ΪʲôҪϲ
֪£㲻Ҫ¥ʱ֣պɵһͱˡ
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հԼȳ̧ţɱ黹˳Ȼġ
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¥ʱԼīվ鷿תһȦǵһ̤
ѯ¥ʱ֮˼һߵﾲ
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ǻʺأ
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ǡȫſĵⶼҪزסĿڽ
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ԭʺûءȵ˵һ䣬̶ֵ﷽ЦʲôأǿʲôȤˣ




99 檲
 

̧ͷĮȻһŻһ¾ҪȵͷϣҪˣǸҪˣ
ʲôʱҪˣһ˿ϣƵĿϣĪѳ
ԹĿһգ̧ḲԼСһ䣬檾Ǻôųˡҽ˵̥Ȳܾš
նŲ¥ʱߣӣϣί
¥ʱŲһ£Ů
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¥ʱĳСֵ̧һĶͷΪҪյʱĮ
Ȼ̥Ǿͻȥţû²Ҫš
ʲô
Ҫ㣿
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ūعȫضҪ˵Ļ̧һҾȥˡ
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ѵ׻վڻʺǱߵ
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󣡡
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ѽ߳ŭˣ
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ĬһʺôֱϷˣ
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ȫͻȥҲһ޲ýŪ
ճһ߷𾭣뷹Ҳˡ
һߵ￴ӵˣ֧ա




100 Ů쳯
 

˧ѽ
Ҳÿзü续ĸ֡
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¥ʱһ£ûһŵĳԣµĿڣϹµˣ
ĳԣ˫һصʲôһ޶ġ
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¥ʱĺ󼹺Ȼе㷢ĨЦ޶˾Цݱ϶Ų˵Ԣ⡣
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ﰲôѹԸЩŮҲˡ
λ˾Ȼݣ
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һ˸ߵĺɺϲˣüЦɡ
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Ǳ㲻ͬˡ΢΢ֱһЩ棬׻ӣǣһԺʯ¥н˿βҡȥңҪ͸󡣡
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ЩŮǿ಻ԣյݵλϣ¡
ʱҲˣ԰ˡ
˯Ҳ١
һȺŮƲ԰԰ǰٻţȵ˵ͻˬ
һվȥЪˣ˲òմ԰ͻ
գ˵˲٣ͼ˶ȥݺǵӡ
Ĵ󳯻ٲ԰Żϲ£ЩսţӶðǣǸǱ˲
ʺȸһЩҪڲŽһ¶һӣ񲻽лʺЦˡ
֧һȺŽĺ︡ͣûɥʧ˱ԣ֪
Ⱥս֪ģһȺȥ뿪Ů죬ڹǰʲôŮ˽鶼̫Сˡ
ûƼЩŮɫڶǳˡϺ˵Ļ˵
ǰ󳯻ᣬһĹСĳײˤһӲ˵ϲӡ
Ǹĸһ˲ͺӼƽͰˣʱİ
ˣݺݳһ
ݸųĵĻǵЦݼ˼֣
Ӳ˲
󳯻ڼҪһ¶⣬ʲôĶҷһţˣ۶ӣҪǱ֪˭ڼζ




101 
 

ǣ檽ǡ
ǴϯĳǻǷֵġ
ջطﳽˣһȺŮҲɢˣһϲüңоǿԶ԰뷹ǿˣ
йĸɾûôʹˡ
䣬ͷҪܼ˸ߵĺɺǿĹ屦
һϣڵȥϣɺҪҪϯǵס𣿣檺ò׵˻ʺһЦЩƷ𣿡
⡭ӣȻҪǺɺ
һǵ۹ȥ׺ڣɺôˣ㻹Ƽ𣿻Ǹʲô㲻֪ܼ𣿡
һһĿʵƿԣԼҷŭģеˡ
ƨƨȥһˮݹȥ
ûһۣһ֮󣬿ڵϣ˴ȥȡɺҪ屦ϹǸϹϯӻ
겻Ҳû𣿡ŽڣͼȰ˵һԼӸı⡣
£һǵ˦ȥǮҪǹҪ
Ŀǳĳˣ¹ѻ𣬻ʺǸϻǵŮˣǵϹĹƷأ
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ȻҪЩūĸء
ϵĹƷɲˡ
Σ⻹˵ȻǹҪˣԸȥʮ죬ʮһѶȡ
šһ뵽ǰЩúͿ£ʱͷ󣬲һʱȴ󳯻ȥ˳Ȱ
Ů˶Զ
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ھǶʱ䣬ѩ˿û̡
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֮Ҳˡ
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ϱӣһͰʸ乭һ̾ˡ
ŴӪȥŮ¥ʱ࿴ջĿ⣬ҲǸϵ֣еҰһӾʹܲˡ
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һȦղžȥﲶԡ
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ūū澲μʺ
ˡ
շ˦һ޳¥ʱ߹ȥ
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һ¾Դ⣬͸óԵƤҲܶˣʺϡ




102 è
 

ǣūȥ׼ǺС̫յȥʰǧϸƤ
¥ʱſһֽ̧ϡ
۽üҵ¥ʱֶˮݹȥ˹ڣѯʣܿģ
šյͷССڽˮ²豭ԼһԼļ˵ȥûɱá

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Ŀһ¥ʱȻЦˣƿĿסĲ
ɹ̫ô˵ַΧеܰ
½½ͷҲض顣
Կź¥ʱһŮǰ̧һҾڣԵѩ׸á
ѩ׵ƤѾǺһǳʵĿ
ˣȥϴɡݣղܿĵȥֻܶ˵һ䡣
ϯλϣžܺõգЦſڣϲèػǺأ
èӰɡһ˵Ŀһ壬ǲǸСϲˣ
Цһӻͳһֻѩ׵èӷ棬ëɫûһ˿ëɫ۾ʪСһȥ
дϲ
Ⱥÿɰ
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¥ʱסյְ棬ʵסĳŮڣȥϴ
ǡ
ͷ¥ʱһ£ûڵĻһϡ
ðɣǻʺҪׯ֡
Ϣİ
Ǻ͸ŮҲˣ¥ʱһգ֮
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˾Լеģʺôѳ϶û˵ʲôǻǸȥλ
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ͦõģгкȵġ
һ󣬵˼ȻЦһˣ˴ϯʺ񱻽ͱˣһǸĨƽ
ɲôһεεº̧һҾʺ˴ȣƽʧݡ
һ⻰˵վǴϯļԱˡ
ʺͽƽϾʧˣǲǾҪôŹˣ
չĵɤһ𺣬һ㶼УýСίʵǸˡɱñ²úôȨǽһԭ·ϣϯĸ
õĻ֮ţĮĿŽ򸾣ϻǲè
۵ĿһݣڣźۼϲвգǹػʺδҲ̫С˰ɣ漰ϵɱִˡ
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ʹӽʼɡĮ£һһڵϣǰڡ
ڵϣ̧ͷͿﲻмĿ⡣
ˣˣ
ǽˣ
ϣˣҲˣģȴСƵˡ
¥ʱûֹ˼ԡ




103 
 

ˡ
Ʒô˵ȻƷȡҹƷʹͣһĿˣðһͼŮ£ϣ·ϲֺˣһԲˡ飿
ϵ𣬽ϵ׽һס
ԭմŲĳû˵ˣΪʺʺﲻһߣϲ˾һѡ
ãǸûɳһŭΪյĻ
ӢʺӢϯĳߺȡ
ͷһ費󣬲źۼס֣ĸм֮ⲻԶ
ѾˣۺȻҪ˾һ㡣
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ûһԼˣѾ
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ʱǵһĿŮˣĿǰ治ͻԣⷢչһѡ
ȻģҲöˣһˣбţڣйˣ
ҲСˣһһӦʮϡ
бŮˣû˶ׯһţ˭ģ²ķ顣
ʮʮйѾʮˡڣ˵꣬һߵȲһڡ
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ں󹬴ʮأ᲻Ŀȫǣ
˲µ뷨Լ
ЩĿѾ˵ˡ
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ŷվλ۽翪֮ˣϻ
Ȼ򣬱ٲλޡտһ䣬ܾνļޣլԺˡ
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ЦЦԼһЩصС˼˵ΪΪҲⲻ˽ģϱ鳼ƣɲ֮˺˯
ôԼɷ˼һϣǸҪֱĵλճȥĸ󻼣Ҳ˯ðȵ㡣
û˵ʲôһУɲṶͬΪ֪Լ
Ͳô




104 
 

ճȴλʲôֻҪµӣ¥ʱȥĶȥĶ
֮꣬һ̳һϸĴյʹȻ뷽跨ȥ
ȻԼΪһԹģĳ谮Ȩʵʡ
Ϊһ˲ֶΣǰǶׯ˺Ϊ翵ĳ谮ֶεСˡ
Ŀ֪һЦݣֿɬ߷Ľ
Ů˶֪ԼҪʲô׷ʲôʺ֪ԼĿεģͲںںܻúɡ
νۺûиԡ
ۺ֮ྴɡ
պһ´ϻǵ󣬽ӣ˵ǹŽһˡ
С˰ʱ뿪ˡ
ʺȨջ⣬õһ޸еأЩè
ܸмʺĽ̵ඥͻȻ֪Լ׷鰮ǻһΣȨա
Լסȥĺ紵ѣԼǰδеѡ
Ϊʲôѧѧʺأ
ѧŶమԼһ㣬ϵ˼ָԼĵĺӣԼø
ǧĵףһԤС
ʺ죬ǽ˿ټסʺûʱ뿪Ǹ˿ʡ
Ŀɬһ£ʹϯףӦòӱɡ
ȥǵ˵ʲôò뿪
뿪й
һ·ȥһƬƽ̹Ĳݵسǰֻݿήˣϸ˰ѩ
տűųݳˣڣʦִԳҪͱ˵ʲô
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ХĺҪɢյĻ
ûʲô˵ģ忴ЦݣĮǣһñߡ
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ڣΪʲôҪ޸¥ʱΪʲôǶΪʲôϣָҾ
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Ȼûȥȷۡ
ΪԼĻǽһӡ
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գһ۾ƺǸģӰԼϡ

䲻ѣһǧһе˾赭дĸ֣
գ㰮𣿡岻ĵʡ
ԭԭռϲֻǰ鷢չ
ʦأ
տ壬ʦ棬ʦԡ
ʦˣ˵ӲѰҩ忴ˣޣʦȫң飬ʦ㣬֪ͣЪգʦֻʦͽꣿ
Ŀⶼûһ˿Įڣţֻʦͽꡣ
䣬ջͷŲԶˣһǶֻǲ֪˶á
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˳յĿ⿴ȥò¥ʱĵɲߡ
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ɡҲ֪ء
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ճ¥ʱȥ¥ʱβδǣֻǸֻйȥ
忴¥ʱԶȥıӰ︡һЩѪ˿߬ȭͷ




105 û´
 

ղΣΪ֪Լѱ
Ȼ
޵
ߵ棬¥ʱĮˣ˵
ĳѹңվڲԶĺ屩ŰǱ
Ǹһռ̫ǿԵã϶ĶȾָ
Ƿˡ
¥ʱǰûȥգǸʱһŮûҪֲں
ǴμᱻɻأΪں
ȫһ
ˣЩۼӺйҿǶιв֪
·ԼϲĶһ£ԽԽѹƲסǹӱŰ
ȥģ˵¥ʱǱ߻Ӱȥ飬䵽ʱĸң̹ס
÷á
䣬滹б伸֡
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أƮƮĻƮնֱ
šգһ۾Ȼˣ˵Ǹڱŭ֮»š
ǾǸˣںںȥĲں
̣ôԼŮ˺йһΡ
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̧ͷ¥ʱĿһ룬ԼûͣŰɡ
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ʵԼ֪Ǹ˭ﶼ᲻ݡŭ
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Ϣˡ
ʺﲻСˤȣϲκ̽⾪ŻʺϢ
һźţڴɫ糣ʲôһźš
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¥ʱһʱհѰ˯ۼ֮ȥˡ
ϴ֮¥ʱһڴ߿ɫ䵭˵ҪŻǻعţ




106 ɴ
 

عɣ̡ƤӶ̧һµ˵ѹһ˵˯棬Ҳ붯
š
¥ʱɵ棬ⱨΪᱨǾ顣
Ϊۣ᲻ɢţһϼǰѰ˯ɫá
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¥ʱϽͻȥ̵ʱðסǽȥ
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գʺ㡣Գڣ˾ͻɡ
յǼ֪ȴǸˣ˭ҶԻʺﶯء
ԼСã֮󲢲ǹôãʲôȨƨһ㶼Ҹġ
Ŀɬɬԣ֣ǧ񡣡
ûԵȨΪ˻Ϊ˰գλ˽
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տԣһɵĿɬ
աóһӵݸأԻ㣬Զٷ
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ͷȻһֻ߬ˡ
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ϲ
ԶԶľͿǺ˷ƯĶ飬ļʶҪˡ
̫󣬻Ϻͻʺⶫ˭Υߣ
ָһߵĲϣЦ˵ʮƥɴŴϯѰɴ򲻿ίԼ
меɴ
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ȫΧڴѰֹմˣǱǵλãǵյԴС
Ϊһ⣬ҪһչһС




107 СԿ
 

һϵЦݣˡ
ȻʧЦҲеģ˵ˣлǵҫ˿Ҫʧա
һǰԴ򿪺ӣܣ飬ʮζϧҩƣ
֪˯ǳ׾ѣصؽãΪľ˯þ
ĶõģǺ֮óһӣϸó
Сӵοղ֦ԲиۣԷ飬ʱһеС
ϡþԼһ̫ܵˡ
ǽӸմϣ溮䣬ԾȥʱϦһ嵥ǻȱʲôֻš
ʲôȱˡ
ʵ޷ˣˡ
ҫҫǱȲġ
ճԹ緹ҽջҩˣȥﳽתһȦϦһźš
Ժӿʲôֵ㻨ݲݣ
ǰ𣿲𣿡
ϲɫһЩĻľһƬһЩġ

Ļ٣ϦһεЦݡ
ǻԼҵ¾ͱһ㶼ˣʲô鶼Ҫŵ׵ģֱǰѵ³ˡ
֮Ϧվһ߻˵ЩվһţЦݲϡ
̧ŶͷΣֻǡϲζڲס
ǸпмӣŽӵŮˣ˵һ䣬þû㿪ˡ
ƷǱˣǿһһ˿֮ɫ
Ŀһ䣬ͷ˵ĻƷǸֵģһˡ
յϲõ鵭˲٣ɫƳһǣĿڣǾͿʼɡ
ǡ
ǴӵͿһ۵˴ȳ
ū澲μϣϽ𰲡ǹһĿ˸
ôˣ
¥ʱδֱ߹ȥվͷһǵӰѾ޵ſˡ
ȥԼˡ
տžֱˣϦȥ
Ϧʰ֮뿪ˡ
տ岽֮ˣЦʣ˲񣬻ϼ¡
¿ͦá¥ʱڲԶһˮ
ճűӺˮˣЦݿɳƵϵܲԹ԰ɣ檿ɲױʱ򿴵һս㲵ݡ

ôһûûεŮ˻Թ԰ɫǱǰˣҿŶǰˡ
һ󳯻˰ɣ
¥ʱӦһڣϹٸˣЩƷ滻ҰŭҪһѵ
ղ²һЩڵϳûŹ˰ɣ
¥ʱ±߹ȥ˱ŲȥȻѾѺ˹ֻȳѹع
ϲݼ̤Υʱ˱Ĵ㡣
ǰݵĸ֮ϯĹһȦ
¥ʱһû˵ȣЦݽ檹ϲϡ
ͬϲ
ߵѾˣ¥ʱսˣŵزĴɵˡ
ȹ֮µ˫ûдЬϽһȥ޵Ь
˳¥ʱŹȥԺɢʳ
ߵĺ׻˵˽һ죬ɲҰԼء
¥ʱѹŽŲߣͿ߳һͷϸҲֻ֣ʱʱͳ
Իϻع̤󹬣ܶ˶Ϊʺʧˣ֪ĻҲԼҵͷˣ븽Ϲ֮Ͼˡ
Żʺţɢ
ʧ˰еۡ
Ų˼֧Ƥ̺Ȼȫ
¥ʱʱˣձ޵ȥ
հͷţϸĨϣ¥ʱĿһ޺Цݡ
¥ʱĬһ£˼ŪյĿж
׸һԶ飬檽軨׷һšνҺöҲҪö
¥ʱȻ֪ԶÿжأһԶʱεȳɫ
ڰɣõϵĻȡҲͬ¿빬ⷿԿһѣõϾȥá
΢΢զ࣬ô󷽵𣿲һŭ֮°Сˣ
¥ʱһ۾ͿĿ⣬̤޵ﳽĿⷿװ²⡣
ļױװﳽпⷿ⻹ʣ룬ⷿǿǿѼױꡣ
Ҫ÷ﳽﻹܷŶҲ⡣
շϺ¥ʱȥϴˡ
յ棬һǷ




108 
 

Ƕҩ߽ԼһĵִݣȰ˵ҩڲ͸Ͻ˰ɣһˣū澱֤
Ҳô˵ġһǵһˡ
ǿűߵĻʺȰ˵ľһ룬ū澱Ϻõ۽һžͲˡ
ཫͷŤһߣλдţȣȣ
Ե޿κΡ
¥ʱԡ߳Ϳסĳ߹ߣ˳ָ״룬ӣ㲻ȣ¿Թ㡣
ĳ¥ʱǱϵĿѹӹһںˡ
¥ʱӼһߵСһҩѣֲʲôҩ
ǽźãϥһ̾ͳȥˡ
̱ϲ붯ζֱԴѬΣҩ𴩳ҩѶá
վͲóˡʹҽҩԳҲԲԣҩôѣԻǲҪĥˡ
һ죬˽ȥȻһŷϣ˳檻ҪԵҩ𣿡
ǰ;ڰÿҩ鿴ͷ
¥ʱĬһֽù󣬡ҩֶҩˣԺҩ
һ£мĿ¥ʱϣδľôӢ
¥ʱɫˣ˱ȥϴɡ
͵ԡң¥ʱͳˡ
Ǻźϴã¾ͳˡ
ױ̨ǰӸղ㷢ԼЩƿƿ޹޲ĨĨ
⻤ҪãܰϹôһ
޵̴㣬һҩζ
¥ʱױ̨ǰŮһ鼮һջĿ⣬׵ļҪȥϦĹ粻ȥԲȥ㲻ȱϯñĶá
ֵ̧ͷ鷳úܡ
УҪϯ¥ʱ˵̧꣬ͷĿ⣬飬ƸȲӣ»㡣
ŶչԹӦһ֮Źߵߡ
¥ʱ档
Ӹϣ¥ʱҲ¹Ҫȥ˽ãȥ𣿡
˹ƾͳȥˡ
һ£԰ǸʱҲˣȥ߿ҲǼ£ûϯķء
˯ɡ
û͵Ŀͷᣣ˯һе˯š
ûһ¥ʱƽĺղͷһۣĬĬʼ
˯ţİ
ָµĴĵĿʼȦȦ
ȻŻţ˯š
˯ѵʱӣϺ˯úܺá
ˣ
¥ʱڲԶӣ̧ͷܿϵãȻĿǰɳ
ղͷȥѾһۣůϣϰһӡ
ʲôʱˣӹţһǷ֮Ѱ˼ʱ仹˯һ
ʱһ̡
жǻʺˣкżϴþ߽
ϴ֮ᷢ¡
ȫʱˣվſڵߴ٣¥ʱǺùһߵĺøչϣ˱ȥ
ȫԼһϱŻʺˣһ˲ͻָˡ
ý죬ȥ
Ÿµ̫鷳·ҲԶȨһˡ
ǡ
ƺƵ̶Ӿ͸ں棬ȫһں棬˫ֽܲУūţֻں档
ػ
ůѾˣͷλţ֡
ϼݵ
ʺݵ
һȺ˲ͷȥͿ¥ʱһ˴߽
ʺ
µȹϵķƣĿࡣ
ȫƳһȺСֵˣһȣС֡
Ҫ֪ϱŻʺһ·Ҫŵðӵɵ
μϡʺ꣬ʺǧǧǧǧ꣡
¥ʱշϣԼ
һȺһ̧ͷŵö֪ϦϦˡ
ɸ˲⣬浹Ҳӵ
Ȼһߵùϣڻϵһʣʲôʾ

վһߵͷԣ¥ʱʱʱſӼһЩ˸
һߵξͳ˰裬ۺһԻʺǺεȵĶͰ
ŻϱŻʺȻõۺһҲôѽӴˡ
ǵûʲôۺһķ򸾺ǿǴ£ҾҲģαظϸԼҲʹء




109 С
 

ͷһۣհװֵһ
ãҲ֪治յӣ˽»Ϊա
ȥԵĺѾľˣֳûٿϰػʺǶԽȥˣβֵַģӹһλá
һߵǵһμôĶԴһŮˣʱʵĲУ޲ýŪԼȥ
һִСϣĿزס⡣
ϰػʺΣ˶ʱʺӶѣ˽˭֪ء
ᣬλ϶Լ
ʺŲˣ檵˿ǵǲѣ֪ʺˣһǵĿѯʡ
¥ʱƳһѾӰ
أ֪塣
һߵͷһĿزסֻԼԼˣ
̧ͷӸµĿһӹǵӲ죬ڣͦõģڷﳽסˣȥ빬ס졣
¥ʱһգĬԡ
סĶס󲻹빬Լ޹ѣҪס
¥ʱһĬϵģмּ񣬡ʺϣ빬ǵ޹ʺסȥأ
ֲûסݸһЦ⻰ϡ棬϶û˵ʲôͲˡ
Ҫ˵Խ޴ң·ðϣǿͷĴ
ɫһҧȻѾ˵ˣǾ͸ɴﵽװɣ
ʺ檾ԣѵûĹأʺΪ֮ѵ𣿡
տɲһŮ˶ЩŮ˶ץס¥ʱվԼߣŮ˸ġ
տĿ⣬¥ʱĬӱ㿪ڵ¾ǹأԽˡ
һôԽˣѾˡ
ǲ֪һʲô³
ҲòĶȥ
ɣںͲں
һߣĿԳѡ
ʺԽĴҲ٣ָкЩΣٻȻ񻹸ҺͻƱһǸ
ɻûһηÿζĬˣ˳ŻʺĻ˵ʱ򻹸ͷ
أ۸һ»ʺַӾͱϴѹˡ
ɫһףֱӲȥ¥ʱĿ⣬ûһĶǰ亹
ϡϵ
ǻĺӰ
ճԸ߷ֱͣ꣬ͷ¥ʱĮĲգ˼
Ҫǿŭıŵ
ôһȣ
ѻûθˣҲûһ¡
Ա֮¥ʱ뿪ʣ齻ةܷġ
ﳽ
վű׼˯
¥ʱһѩ˵ѩ꣬ѩ̫˾ͻֺ»Ҫʿɶֹϣ겻ῴطϳʵѩֵӡ
κջĿ⣬ůӡ
ǰȲ裬ֵĹӷһϾͳȥˡ
˵ůǲ䣬ѬѬ¯Ʈ˯
ʱ򣬸ҲӦˡ
ŽһĴ󳯻ᣬЩ͵ˣ˼ȫûˡ
Ĵ󳯻ᣬôʵôϯıǵġ
ʮһѮԽԽˡ
Խˣһıһ
ʮһ죬մĸߺպֻҪÿµĳһʮݼӾš
ĶХĺ磬һں˵ͬˡ
ڲˣҲˣʺ̫ð
ʮһѮ
δԻˡ
üҽŮҵĿ޺ڶ
¥ʱڲţ鲢ôá
겻ȥﳽ·ϱ֪̥òƲ˭֪ӵŮ̫ܿˡ
ⲻݵģͳ˻ʧȥᣬ鲻á
һȳһ٣ĺѾûˡ
ǰֵĺ֮ԵĹ˼䣬ʹźƲ
¥ʱѾλϣ߹ȥһߣһ¯
ûһĬĺˡ
϶û˵ʲôǸûȤء
֮¥ʱŸҽѯʣûģ
ҽһҾػϵĻʳ˻Ѫ˲Σûбס
ҽĨһѶǰĺˮûãûΪʧȥŭȻСǱסˡ
̧ڴһǷ¥ʱĿ⣬һ
˲Ķģ
ҽֵܷͼ󣬳˹Ϊ֮
ȺŮ˻һ㶼֡




110 Ϧ
 

֪ϿԽߵʡҽսսؿڡ
ȫӵ¥ʱĿ⣬ߵ߽
ū澲μϣ꣡ūڡ
ΪλС¥ʱϵķתһȦ俪ڣĿ⵭
ֲĺӣҪΪϷȫǲġ
ǹһգڵϣʮǰ˻ʺ۽;öӲԹ緹ͼˡ
ʺ
Ŀϣɻ
ʺ󲻿ܻôġ
ӣϹĵЦݣ̬Ƚ˲ƺʲô
¥ʱͷһգȫڣ۽ҽ
˳ɺѲ˸ϵǲ֪䵱ʲôɫ
ûһȫһ۽ˡ
ҽһ̧֮Ҿϣ۽Ϻõĺ컨˲Σǳʮգ⺢ӿ϶Ǳסġ
һҽĻڵϿߵʺҽǵ㣬ΪҪҪᶯأǿǻϵĺӣʺúݵİ
δͰˮõʺϣȲ
ڴһЦ
һǰһ˦ڹϣӺִ֣Ʒﳽôÿɴδ۽ſڱտھҪ壡
𱻴ĵڵϣݺݵǼ£ǻʺ͸Ҽ۽ѵʺ﹬ûһƷĹŮǿǸŻʺԶ޶ģ
һ
Ȼ
˴ɡڡ
ûһսԣˣֶļƵʱ֪Ƕأ
һµƷϽ֮˵ѾϣͬҪı
Ʒȴû̧ͷȥգΪ¾һħ
ûһõأǶġ
ߵĹһſһߵƷЩϲǸĹ
֮󣬵ϣūŽϸ

Ʒһͼı۽Լ׼ĹƷƷתָʱ򶫴·ƷҧΪԴˣıʵˡ
˵꣬һҾֵϣıĿﰡ
ˣѾˡ
ǰϻһǾǺǴӲԼ󻼡
¥ʱͷգЦһ乬ƴµūŴ
ǡȫ̧һҾȥּˡ
ڵأ֪Լǳ׵׵İˣԼҲ䲻úá
տƷǸģЦſڣ˾ȥȱаɡ
ƷϣĿǾ˵ҲһֽѰɡ
ĺֲǲ֪幫߷һ̣ѾϵԼ³ˡ
ʺУƷѾߣͲĺ𣿣ϵʱкԹĿ⿴ա
¥ʱü
̧֣̫ͣסŲʺ
ǹԹĿ⣬ձ¯˵ȻǲúȻʹ죬ǾȥӪʿɡ
Ŀһʺ㡪
ǰֱһưǸˣ͵̫ڣȥ
ǣ
ǹùõﲻ𰡣
ȫ΢΢һ飬СѾͷƬ汩
һߵĺϲĵЦݣӽŵ״ܳһɺ⡣
־ûҪ¡¥ʱֽձˡ
Լһҵ³Ҫۼˡ
Ǻ֮һֿˡ
һƷʱ˼ڡ
ϲһһﳽƤ棬ƷΪʲô֪
۽ǲỬ̥ģǶ̥ѣԣΪ̥ԸصؼӴҩõӡ
һצǲ֪ʱܲˡ
׼գ۾͵¥ʱռϦ͵ˡ
Ѿ˺ֵӿ
Ϧϣ¥ʱȥˣûղȥĻ
һ˵ĻŲãǰ˵úúõģȥԲȥȥֱӺߡ
¥ʱŹӰƵŮδԡԲԲĳϦҹܲһػһڷﳽɡ
ǱŻʺһڹ¼ҹ˵ĳˡ




111 
 

ĻôСĺǻʺһЩŮС˼ˡ
Ҳôأ
ʺλãλҲġ
֪ܲЩȵĿ⣬ֻȨûҪǲ־ͲҪˡ
֪ĻΪСˣ󻹸Լһƶʵͷʵǵòʧ
ƽ°ӿеĶܵõģƩЩӸλˣǻԼĵλһõľֺûϡ
ƹѲãճ¥ʱעʱСƣ¥ʱֱӰѾƸˡ
ϣŮ裬ǰһ˰ɡ
ղ࿿һߵķ֣վҾˣ˼
ķһǺү֮Ĺپɡ
׼
¥ʱһ֣Ȼǰŵǰڣ߼嵭
̾һôȥǵֳһ
һŷɫȹŮӿһ¥ʱüۺߣȥ£ûһʹһˡ
һ˦ϸ֫һŤ֯ӰѣһһţʱʱݸһЦǻ㾦
һȶ˵ˡ
һߺһ衣
˿֮Ůеһ֪һӣ̸϶ôͨܿͦġ
һա
ŮϴǳǳĺΣϢ΢εεĿ˵ŮףǧԸϯ˳̩񰲡
ϲĻǽøС
͡
ΪģΪˡ˳̩񰲡˸֣͡
ŮɬĿһ¥ʱҧһ·۵Ĵ꣬Ȼ󵨵Ŀ˵Ůܲͣ
˵¥ʱӵݸգոշӣ˳ֽӹӲǣ澲һĺϷ
ŮڵϣŮҵһǻ飬ŮĽ֮ˣʲôֻ֣ڻź򣬳ϡ
ﶸȻž
˽Ŀϣǳλʺô
ǰûйŮԼϯģһ㶼ǿ飬þ£鲻þͲҪ
Σһ˹һӡ
лʺ󣬹²ʡ֮ҪҪȫʺûаëǮϵ
бһ¥ʱﻹݵŮڣᱦ֣ĹĲţ͹ȥסɡ
ǣ檶лʺ䣬л϶䣡Ůϲлһ־ǰˡ
ϲŮĿȻмԳⲻǵ
̧ͷĿƽĻʺ󣬺ȻЦ
ΪԼֵܷõһ
Ǽǰ㰮ػʺûԼȡ֮ɽأʺǻʺ˭޷ȡ
ˣٻˣǱһĹʳţʲôٰü޶ûС
ǸүȻһãԼûа׷˼ôһλŮ
ֻҪպ㣬λÿ϶һϯ֮λʱһӣĵλˣǼҲˡ
ճŪĿһλү
ܾ֮ɣͳ֮ܵõΪ֪ʲôʲô
¥ʱŮɫǴûи¥ʱɫŮɫϵĶǧٹֿΨûŮɫ
Ƣ壬ע߲Զġ
̧һҾµһů񣬲ů̳һӣʺﶬմҲů͡
ǳʵһӣյϲýǿԼһЦһֻϸӣ顣
һƬģջӴϣһһ׵ֻӣһֱۡ
ϲةˡǽСĽһ
ǰǵӣĿºһ£̧һҾлʹ͡
¥ʱĵĿ¶ľƱżʾԱ⡣
ĬĬһ۷
϶Իʺдһء
¥ʱԼľƱûĿϡ
һ겻׼մһơ䶪һ䣬¥ʱƱݸȫȥ
ҪڷָʲôʱͱȻһ
ձߵĿ⿴¥ʱ
һ겻׼ȾƣⲻҪ𣿣
ίܣˣ
ԹȳȥϹ
꣬ûôأһ˵
һǷŵƻͨĴͷʲôʱߡ
Ĵ󴲡
¥ʱ۰Ѱ˯ŮȻӼһ÷졣
ĬĬͷֻԼϹû




112 
 

죬Ȼһ÷ӷ°ͱ̧𣬺졣

ᶼҪˣ˯ʲôͷˣ
ղͷ¥ʱϷʣһҰ÷£ԼӼһϸ׽嵭ζ
ϣ滵Լ࣬ᵽĸо̴档
һԳ岻ָоҪܸƽζ١
Žģ︡˿ů⣬һת˲š
¥ʱסյ֣Ŀ߷һߣ̫ˣٳԡ
ᡣպһҪ¥ʱŸҪ档
¥ʱһǶԼҵɱ˵Ŀ⣬һˣȻһɿڵĹ֡
ճһڶɳڶˮ⣬ǿǿѹζ
˯ûˣǽʱɾѰˡ
۴Ϳһ¥ʱͷһ֪

ȻǰʱǴҹģ˾ȥ˯ÿ궼صʱȻԼͬƽ˳졣
꣬Ӧ³ɣǡ
ʱһ㣬տ¥ʱϣֺǵĴ󳼣ڣݼ죿
졣
ղͷһ¥ʱǸСһǱʡ
ʱһ¥ʱóǻȥˡ
ˡ
빬
ҽǰ
ʺ޴󰭣һ¾ͿȬҽڣһߵ¥ʱһ¹˵зҲްҪСΪϣˡ

һƬž
ҽҩĹˡ
Ǻȫæҽһȥˡ
һ޵ȫһҽĸ첲Цְǰĵӣ
ҽЦЦӵľΪϽǣ˵ҲǴʵ
ȥĴʵƤ㣬ȥȥȥǲЦ˼λĴ
ҽҡҡͷعˡ
޵
ĬĬ̧Ŷͷҽ̫ˣ
¥ʱֺϼӣԭҲẦߡ
ɻǵСǰƤʲô绰޹˼ɵ˵
ѵüۼҽһʹ͡
֡¥ʱֻ֣õһߣԼ䱸ؿĳĳˡ
ԡɡ¥ʱֱգûкź
ͼ԰
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¥ʱͷЦ绨Ů»ƣֱǵ졣
ͳ񣬡Ը
նһ֣ĺϢǿ϶ޱȣ
Ǻյò£һԧԡϴѾǰҹˡ
¥ʱѵԶֽյ㷢ɣȻԼ㱧˾ޡ
һ
Լͬ˯͡
ϵˣ¥ʱû̫֣ˡ
պҪͷգǵҪһӡ
ſڴϣ𴲴µˣֱǽ˴ѵ
¥ʱ˹Ĵһ䣬ȵĿ⣬һ
ûƤû
Ҫǹ˼ݣն봵һԴϲ
ν֮˽֮ţī˦󣬵¥ʱߵߣϿһѣϵôϲȻҪ࿴ۡ
¥ʱ᲻ֻ֣֣𴲡
֡
һ¥ʱֽ˱
ǽʱѾ·ױ̨ǰˡ
أ֧ƺԥѡһ֧
۽ǵĽ⣬¥ʱԽ֧Ӷ޷档
Ӻͺʲô
ûʲô𣬴ŶÿǾͶŰɡ
ջһԴ˵ֱͦģҲԣҪٵ
~
Ϊֹü붼롣¥ʱǰڴյĵôߡ
꣬¥ʱƢݣո£ѡ˷
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Ʋһ죬գüҪ
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ȻοĥĳǻҪϣϾҪźʺϴ
һһ죬˾塢飬Ҫһպܺá
һ硣
¥ʱůıｫ͵ﳽԼҲҪȥͳˡ
Щϲոôô¥ʱȫҪίԼ
Ŵֺô顣




113 ˽
 

Թ緹վɢˣԼ˿ڲҪȥϢ
ðɣʺܲûʺİɣǴ治
֪ҲֻһЦ֮
ʺƢֲû̹ЩڼһȵǶǲֵֺôġ
º󣬻֪Ҳû˵ʲôЩڴŻ𷣻ʺˡ
һ죬ۺһ
ڷﳽ빬ȫĺӸס
ˣ糯
ûʲô£󲻹ȰҪ¶մ
ϲû˵ʲôЩΪǵĳΪϱ˵ˡ
ֱûô򵥡
Ȼϣ빬
첻ȥﳽκ
Ȼⶼʲô
ЩӶΪȻβȰ˵¶մ
¥ʱûʲôʾء
ֱ²̤һЩ֪ˡ
мڼİ򵽻ʺϣͼûʺȰ˵ϣû¶մ
κλʺҲǸƲ磬ֱԻ²̤㣬Ҳϸؾˡ
ˣºˡ
ǰȥʺʺǶȥˡ
ǳͷҪˣֱ΢˽õһգϻṳ̂һ˭ˡ
һȺӼǿ͵ۺ뿪
ˣˣԺҲҶϺ󹬵ˣξΣֻҪиϮλþˡ
¥ʱЦӯӯգһߣɵʲô
ûЩһɥ·ˡֲ֧˭뵽һĵôһЩϳ̹ǵ֪Щ鲻ܶ졣
Ǿеģһͺˡ¥ʱ̧һյԴ·۵һ򵥵ĳȹīüֻ˻˼ֽΡ
Щأһ仰ݣԱ˳û¸ɡ
̫ƽʢһеû¶ĺ󹬣ȻõҲɱˣϾй޹Ĵ󳼣óȻɱ˻Ắ˳ӵģһʶ鲻ֵܲľˡ
ƣЧǺܺ
պȻ¥ʱͳǶǶͦġ
رȺӣɵġ
֪¥ʱǸʲôƢҪȥһ£󻹲ǵĿȥġ
ĵʱжȺӵīǺܶ࣬͸ˣҳ
¥ʱĲ
С˵С˵ɣûʵôơ
ϣһ𣿡տ¥ʱϣЦеĿڡ
¥ʱˣûƿˡ
ܡ
죬Ҷڶ࣬ΪʲôϲҪôأ
ԣ˵ܵĶ
ֱʲͳ
¥ʱĬһ£ļ򣬡ö˲Ǽ£ǵӵǳӣλһ޳淽²һߵ񡣡
Ҳѹˣ¥ʱԳͷǱȽϿݵģԭ
¥ʱɾ˷ͳ棬Ҳǳͷɾ¥ʱ֮ศɡ
ճڣ׳һʵ⣬ϣһǿݣǵĺ۹ﳤעΪһϸĵ
µʱ᲻Կࡣ
˵ĸܶȻǸĺݵģɺϵһ⣬ʱ᲻ãݡ
Եÿп෽Ϊˣʲô᲻ãһͲܳ
ӵĸײǵֻһͨˣôȥҪǸӹࣻǺӵĸǵѰ˸߳һأнʳͬʱҪ
ĸ׵ĲԼĺƽƽ𣿿ǺԱûУǸλãǾĲյĺӡ
ϣʱҲûԡ
Ƴһ¥ʱµʱ˵̫ˡ

Ǹӻãѧ㱾ûŮǾͲˣСȻǽţڡ
˾ǣտʼŷңüǵ¥ʱŪ
ν˽ã˽á
ȫǣװһ·ͣͣ顣
ȻⰵӰǱزϵģ
һ·ռʶ¥ʱһ档
ǱҲ
ҲѹְջᰮһľǳԱůӲѹȻӵ
;ˮˮʱ£ǰǲļڡ
һסһ򵥵ĺԺ档
˵¥ʱһ˼Ķ
һ죬һ¥ʱϴֲ¾һ͵µˡ
ɱˣǹңǺָ㷽٣
մŲñ﹡ϿţĿࡣ
ûиġ
ⲻһβ
Ǻһߣ˽ӵĻϣüζΪ̫Ǵ߳ˡ




114 
 

ˣǻ𣿡ǵڣ˺þɾúܻ
˫ֱȣ°ʹ濴¥ʱǰǾǻϡ
һҪǿ޷Ǿǰʳǣǿ󣬳ƽⲻһҶ
¥ʱúܺãλʱ򣬴ϯָǿ
ȫһˮˣ򵥵֮ˮ޷һߣ¶׵Сȣµز
ǿԼҵµ֮ͬѵЬȹھµˡ
ûŵ֮ǰ˼ҵĺӣµظɻÿ춼Ҫġ
ȫˣεϸƤģһ˼ôǺã
ҿ˼ҵŮũѲҡһЦȻ轥ٶȾ͸ȫ
̫գ¥ʱֱվһȻˡ
źһˮιߡ
˵Щ֪˻᲻ŸЦ˵һ䣬ֵһˮιȡ
¥ʱ۰׵С˹ǣ
ʲôһ
ȻȥԷ극ɡ¥ʱŵɻˣ˵һ䡣
ˮޣ¥ʱ
Ƿ㣬ٰնͷˡ
һϴɾֽž﹡Ͽʼԣʡصʱ䡣
¥ʱһŮ߹ʱЩ˶Ͷȥ˾޵Ŀ⡣
صԺ¥ʱȥϴɾ֮ˣȻҪµز˵ʱ򻹵ѣ鷳
ǺȫһںԺ졣
ȣȥȥϹ䣬ڼ˯¥ʱȺһʢĿ϶˵
ҾͲȥ𣿡Ʋһ죬òͦȤģһʱ̾ͽ̹ϧڴûǸᡣ
ܡ¥ʱǰ裬˫һ֪ǽŻеģʺϸɻ
Σðɣ﹡Ͽ˰ɣ
Сɹˡ
գ
жɣ
ȷԱˣȫ٣¶Ϸˡ
˻֮ʲôġ
˴֮¥ʱѾȥˡ
죬վ﹡Ͽ¥ʱϣ˾Ժţ΢棬ǳ
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¥ʱ˵ÿ궼߿һ飬ɢɢģʹǸطãǴȴζһ벻ջ
֮档
ԭҲбĺô
û£Ե
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¡һȾ¡
£¥ʱŻˡ
ٴϲ
ǵĻ湻ˣڻˡ
ﳽ
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ˣ̧Լһ
û£׻ġ
ϦͷǺһ㣬ﵹû䣬ɫ˺ܶࡣ
ǿɲһ·ϲûȥɫȻǺõġ
˵ļ򣬡ˮɡ
֡
ԡ֮տϣһţ⾩ǵͦȵģȥȵٻǸʱˬסҲˡ
ڸմһͷڵ㷢пյεǲŻѻ˺Щ飬ǲȥġ
һȥ£൱ûڹ棬ôͬ⡣
۾˵ҲǡΪʺ󣬿ɲȥĶȥĶ
ʮ֣¥ʱˡ
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ӵˣҶۻӳбͱпͷ
СҶռտӵҶ뵽ĵһǳԡ
¥ʱһߵСͤȵŮֳ̧򦡣
ӳ֮һӸǽ
һҶҶϹ¶飬һת첻ռ¶ˮʱ¶ˮ裬һš
¥ʱ΢΢ҡͷǳǳԼûв
˿ӵʫֻӵγԡ
ǿҶζĿ⡮ᡯһ¾ˡ
ϣɻΣ
ŴӶˣ¥ʱòͤ̽ͤԡ
һźҶûһҶϾһ
¥ʱôһĵˣ˵ʲôˡ




115 
 

˵ǸﻹϺз¥ʱָָԶĳӣǸˮԼףΪϺзгԵģصطˮݡ
յͷǵģϺˣϺɸ쳭ɣʱϺ档
¥ʱǽֻڣһ˵ЩԵģһܡ
ĴѾ˸ɫľﳽĺԺѾС͵Ļ԰
ģ࣬ĵǾޱ׾ա
Ƿ羰续ˡ
歱Ϧ겻òǰһõĻ
ղͷȥɿڣ歱֣
ôûأ
ϦϥһڵϦǸֵˣգײ䣬͸һţ歡
ԭˡ
ɡ
հõĺҶһߣһŲȥ
¥ʱƳһǱ̣ĺҶںԺ
歱һߣһſʺһ򵥵ĳȹ߽
޷ֻһֻΣؾòУҲ˼ʣϾβ˭ġ
檲μʺʺ𰲡歱һ񣬵ü۵ģŵǹ
λϣˣ
лʺ
歱һߵϣŽֵŮˣĿмּʡ
ǵһŻϳȥ˽õˣ빬˶û
歱ǰ£ùǵ̴ȣҡ󣬼ͨ磬ҲԵȡ
檵֪ǰݼ밲歱ЦЦδʲô
ƺ֪С˼ˣö衣
Ҳ˭е
񱻡ҡĺҲǼλֱȽϸߵģĲǶؿ
һССı֣빬¾ö裬δЦ
ҲͷЩ׼׼
¾ͻȥɣˡ
ܲƤŰɣ歱ֲòһ񣬡檸ˡ
տҡһӣ뿪
޵ſϣһ־ͲȥˣϦվſںš
¥ʱſҪȥűˣѰԶȥɣˬˣʱٻ
ϲȥ𣿡տļϣҡţʱҲ˵̴ζ
ȥǲôʵ
Ⱥ϶ᱧŹµĽſ캰ء¥ʱָһǸĶͷȥɣϾʱ㡣
С
ʵɣջͦ뿴Ⱥ¥ʱǶ¡
ա
һͬһȥ糯һȥԺ
˴żֽĹǶɼ¶ˮͤ￴ֵĺԺҡЦ
µ¨ʼɸϺˡ
ĨһѶǰϸ߽ͤϥһ񹧾ڣкҶռɻ㣬˵ﲻܳԱģǱӸͲˡ
ɣԾͲԡպһҲûǿ

󣬳ˡ
˴ϯµİͼи²
Թź¥ʱͳһͬȥЩ²һڣͷ棬˿ЩǸ߹塣
糯ϣ¥ʱ´һֱϵѪͨͨնɱһ
һ£Ҫͷˡ
ϣһɱôǲװɣɹڣͷλûʲôʾϿһЩʾʴȣʱЩ˱ūɡ
±ͲǸʴȵĵ¥ʱĮڣɫ΢ɹ٣ĿڣնݲҪ𣿡
......ɹôһ룬ȻûɱҲʲôףȻ͹ˡ
̧Ҿʾһ䣬ϣʣЩ²δ
ūȻ¥ʱ뵽һ飬Ŀһ˿Űһ֣ô
ǡ
Ҫȫµð˴ϯȴǵ³ʲô
ӷϴ֮վҪȥˡ
ʰʱ򣬳ϹԱ֪Ϣһסˡ
ŻعĻʺҪȥɲϹء
Ǻ糯ϣɹˡ
ǻʺȴִַڹﲻͳϳ͡
¥ʱֱӶһ䣬¾ȣһȥµɹһϲ
ͷӻ׵̫˲ԼĺӸһææ˵ϣʺ彿󣬵ʱż彿ĺһͬǰȥ֦ܿɢҶ
ŮǰȥûʲôףϼҲܶסڿڡ
ǰ̴Ϻꡣ
¥ʱһü̫һ仰
ϣһ޾念ϳϾûҪȥ˰ɡ̫һҾͲֱ׵˵ģˣǰַڹŰɡ
˽ûҪȥʹǸ𣿣




116 ²
 

ʺѾҪˣҪҪλԵı֮أ
̫ǡ¥ʱ˳λ˼ҵĻ˵ʱżһͬȥ
ţ
̫ɵĿһ¥ʱôô˵ˣ
Ѳйƣ
ȳõ鴫նֵòУֱλ̫ˡ
¥ʱһǱȥֱѹĳλֵĻʺ
ȥһ˻⵨ԽԽˡ
֪Żʺȥʼɹֻͨʺܶ࿴һۣԼдڳϡ
мһĹɡ
һ˶ʧˡ
ʧΣôˣܳȥҲֻô
ֱͻʺ֮󣬼ϳĲ
ããλûˡ
̶ӺƺƵйú֮Ǹģʱתһȥ
ʼҵıй϶ǴͬС죬ס˼ˣȻðһ뷨
ΪʲôԼܽһԼıйأ
ǣ˰ٰȰ֮£صҵأͼһԼıɽׯ
ǺôܷһأкϽһ
ÿն飬ڿζɽ治̫ȡ
˺ü죬ҵһ
ĵλòǶãصɽȪˮľïʢ
һƬɽͷĪҪ˼ҡһ˴ɽ󽻴һ䣬׼ȥ
һ£ͻؾǴˡ
ǴԺȥǶˣҲֻǲŸҶѯһ䡣
˳һ۾ʱ๤ȿٻ
ҪıɽׯһҪ뷨죬˽ˣֻԼ๤ܷġ
ǡѾϰԼҵĳЩĿˡ
һûһţǣ
й·ϣһȺ˴һߵܳסյȥ·
ȰպǱϸһȺٱӦѲӪˡ
ѲӪˣǼӦӵķ²һֱ̧ȭڡ
ȥæɡץϣһȺͶ·ķ²ĿⱯһ£ޱߵĮ
ǡ
ǰץסµˣȻòŻ
лˡͷ̧һҾ
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ūŲײ˻ʺѲӪˢˢ
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ʲôֲɱģҪҲȥ¥ʱ
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ߵһȺ²ǰ
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ѲӪ૵ڣм˻ҩūǴǵĵ
հĿƵϣﳰ
ȺҲ߸ϣôһ̼Ƕûˣƿڴ
㲻ú
Ӿ
պҲᱻϯ̤

񶾵䲻ڶζĿⶸȻһݡ
㲻ߣƫҪܺãܺã
ѲӪ˺ͽЩ˵ʱ̧һӣһĨ̵Цݣƿڣ鲻˴ߡ
ﾡܴߣūͻȥһѲӪ˲˵һ˽ˡ
һȺūˣҲ֣ûʺĻ˵ǾͲˡ
صйýȺ²ȥУ
ƵĳԹ緹ȵ٣ɹ˽һʱķ²Ѿʼˮ촽Ƥ
Ǵż಼̫úΣϲϹһ֮Ӹ
ɰ󡣡ֶ룬Ҩһι
ȻȵһӸǼõġ
ӽ⿪֮Ⱥ²϶վˣðǣᡣ
ذ׵ָȻָһŮһȺͷԵʱ򣬽غ𣬡˫۾ϲιɡ
ǡ
һΥʺóһѶ̵һȥȻ󡭡
һӵڵϣմȾ˻ҳѪˡ
Ǹ²Ѿʹûȥ
ͷȡˡ
˰ɡ
˵ֻ˰ɡ

ָǶǶͻ޵Ѫɫ




117 ¥ʱж
 

ЦӯӯŮˣм䶼Ķ񶾣۽üҵķ˶ڡ
ǴηλʺˣŻѪζ棬һ´һ߳Զ
ĺӲػϲ
ճǴ󷢴ȱǽˣȥι򹷰ɡ
˵Ķ̴ǲκˣֺͻ壬Ⱥ˸
С̫ʰ˲о֣һͰˮȥͰѪˣѪȱ
鷿
¥ʱﰲ˱赹ǲԵȣȫһѱӸ֮Ÿҷϡ
ϣˣЩӸ
¥ʱǾӨ͸Ӹ۵ﻹ׺Ϊɿڡ
ǺֽλĵǲСò
λ̹ǲ֪ζܸܲġȫʳóһ¿ɿڵĵķһߡ
¥ʱһڣǲҲѧ˾ųɣûʲôࡣ
˼ڣ¥ʱͷ׼ˡ
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˻......¥ʱϣ֫Ҿʹޱȡ
ҽȫ¥ʱʱͷ׵ɫһȻ¥ʱȥ˸䡣
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ܲµ˭ˡ
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ū
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¥ʱͷһߵȫĮڣ˭µĶô
ϣūѲ֮δ֣Ͻȫڵϣ¶Ǻ޵ҧгݡ

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ⶾͦģ۵ȥ
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ʺûȫüѯһ䣬⴫ȥʺ
ǡС̫ҲûͼӴ׵Ķ˵ʲôӦһ֮ͳȥˡ
ȥʺˣ¥ʱĵһ䣬ȫûݡ
ȫ̧һҾڣǣûϣҪūȥ
أչȥ׼ȥɡôܷվôңأǡ
ô˵ҲҪ̼úһ£ȻԲǼѪ
ȫĬȻǣūȥ׼
̫˼ǧûܷסȥ
ҽһߣϵӺãϢһϾûʲô⣬϶ҪȥģȥҲãûµʱ򻹿ȥɽϲɲҩ




118 ģ
 

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ȫǸϺ꣬òһѯʣ̫Ż没ˡ
аɣ϶ˣΪأϻλةء
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¥ʱɱ޵ʱѾˡ
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ʵҲûѶӵʱѣ뿴¥ʱ
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˵꣬˾ͳȥˣֻͤз
ſϲ㶯ˣ˹ҩ¶ȵݵ¥ʱǰϺҩɡ
ûι°ɡڵӶգĿϷʱ˼ԣ¾Ҫ㡣
һһ׵ιȥ
ҨһЩι¥ʱߣ飬檾бҪҪҽϲˡ
¥ʱſںǿɬҩζĿһºģ鲻飬ϻ֪ġ
졣
ҭһ£¥ʱְԼȰɡ
źˣ
¥ʱҲԼζٺգһҩ꣬Ȼһߡ
һ죬ζôŨ
ճƳһ治ɫˣӡ
¥ʱŴŮֿסĺѹסһĨ촽
ɫһôĿ࣡
һǹᴭɫ۸ˣ¥ʱǵĻȣһѽƵϣһ
澹𡣡¥ʱ溬첻˵һ䣬۽üҵʡ
컬¥ʱǲǲ
նһڣĿɬǳ嵭˲١
һ£¥ʱ㿪ʼѯˣģ
Ц޹檲֪˵ʲô
ô
߱Ĵӱ¿˲Żϡ
²㣬̹װɡ¥ʱչüۣ⡣
ղͷĿɲǾ˵ϾɲģϣֲǳµĶô֪أ
¥ʱбһգסĸ첲һԼϣ治˵
ҡҡͷϡ
ô¥ʱλ
ƽЦЦ߱ȷ¥ʱ̹֮᲻ᷭˣλûء
ղ˵ҲͲˣϾ֪£ӲҪҲǸ𰸣װһºͿͦõġ
΢棬ҡ̴Ȼ˯
Űɱһ²¥ʱһ䣬ָһڵ㷢档
յͷ׺һţ¥ʱڣЩȫɱһŹ
ǣΣŰΣ²Ҫһ²ӣֲǸƽȵʱ
ū⽨ᣬȨϵʱūҪ͵ȵķ²ҷˣɱһӰ٣ʺҪ˵űˣ
˵Ҳǧˣ㲻£¥ʱ̧ı
ЩһͷأνѾǱˣղͬᱻڸᱻ˰ָ




119 
 

ʲôһüĿڣǧôɱΣ
ҫϯʺ󣬶ȻûίԼĵ
¥ʱǾ飬ȻҲʲôɱ֮ҪһĴĵˡ
ǲ֪ĵʲô
ǾȫʱһϷ赭дһ仰Ѿ˷²³

ð檺ڴЦ绨űڻҪĿ⡣

ϺȻҲֻհ졣
з²ȫѺūˣϳǶ֪Щ²³·һ
ԶйȰȰˣһȺķ²ѣɱɱ˰ɣɱҲˣǧҲӶࡣ
ۺסһ޵Щǰĺ֪˶һľȻ
ô谡
˻ʹվͲţ¥ʱڵļ̼ͷܣһǱܿ¥ʱĺܺ档
СӹҪ죬Ҫ¥ʱѹţָ˵ûӰˡ
ת۾ǰѮһҲ̻ȥˡ
ҹĻ֮£йղôɣΪʺֲˣ
ʺأ¥ʱվ£С꣬Ѿǽѯʡ
ղκɽҰζҪôȥĶ׽Ūһ仰졣
¥ʱһֱ룬ҪøӰ˨ɣʡһգ˾Ͳˡ
Ҳʱ䣬ǳ׷ŷˡ
ϥһ񣬡ػϵĻȥƽҾˡ
ŪˣŪһֵĻʺ
¥ʱŰȳžƽȥȫϽȥȼ˵ƽſڵʱɡվǶء
¥ʱɫͷΡΡڣϣѾȥһʱˣū澲ҽȥ
²ҪھƸɣ
¥ʱɡݸȫ֮ȥˡ
Ũ˵ľ˱Ƕһ·ȥű߶мվ̳
վžƺϣһϷĺɫ۽üҵˣһɫƽӾƸ
гкʹȱǮȱȨѾԲ
һھƣͷһһ߹ˣˮһġ
˧˯Բˡ
¥ʱֶľƺᡣ
ʮݵһǻơ
սĺһȥƺ²һײ¥ʱǼһɺŵ̴㡣
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˵ţһȥƺ¥ʱȴ۵ľֱۣô
۸ˡǱһ¥ʱίĿָĳˡ
ίͰ͵Ů¥ʱһھƣľζƳϷŰĿⶢƿڡ¾۸㣬Σ
һμƣǿˡ
Ҫˣߡһ¥ʱûƶԼһ
ݺݵĵһתߣҡҡλȴߵüȣϸıӰûйͷһ
ڵĿİסһ䣬һׯӶûС
ûͷһ֪һŮ
ءҡմ¥ʱţĿڿһĺ
¥ʱʣľһֱ˳ȥ
һûеԽ
Ҫţûгƽѣֿʼˡ
¥ʱ˷Σһ
ԼȢģŰɡ
һЦſϣ˫ֻĲӣһ˫ϣ¥ʱϥѣȥ
ȫſɡݸ¥ʱ
ǸһĿĿ⾪ɲ
ǵµڶưɣ
˴޵һ¾ǸһѾѾǶȥԡһζ
硣
ѹʱڷﳽĴϣ¥ʱһһ߿š
µĻԷ磿һãȻ¥ʱʲôʱĻԷˣ
һ겻׼Ⱦƣǳһ¥ʱЦһ¶Ƚ˲١
ӣӹֻʣһԴ棬ڣϣ檡
¥ʱĮĶҪϵĻ̥Уһᣬϣη˵ɣ
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Լʱ°ɡʱЩ£ϺǴ´ˡ
¥ʱö˵ʲôˣϾҲԼòʧ
Ҳûʲôȥɽ棬ںϵ˼㣬о˼ѳԵĵݱһζ
һ޹ģ¥ʱˣĮڣҪǷ㣬ȥ乬˼ˡ
֮£лʺʲô͸ʲô
ѻ죬һߡ
ŮĥƢ




120 ֱ
 

֪۳檣~ֶָ¥ʱΰΣֿɰ
¥ʱĬĬԼӣ俴ŽɵŮſھ²㻹
ȷʵҪǲõĻԼȥ乬ˡ
˵ʱ̫ˣ¥ʱȻˣҲֻǶƤӣûйжʾݵ̬ǽ۾
Ųߣ˫ȥЬϣ檱֤ԺҲˣ
¥ʱбһˣǺ仰
ƣǲƣľĿá
ȥ·ױ̨ǰͭ￴Ŵ齱ϵˣɵĿΣô
Ƕϴþ߽ˣߵһߵļǰ¶ߵ׼纷歱ֲˡ
ţմһǷ⵹֮УСﲻЩ˿ûһƲ磬ǱȻ
Ĩͷͣĸһ򵥹ķ٣ڣ֡
ھͿ˰ɣֻɫۡ
ù޷ȫѾһˣػϯҲˣȻĿɡ
ȥʱ׼أҲûܺúù¸ʮȥ޵ʱ䡣
һգһҪȥˣʱÿ졣
һûһţǽ¥ʱ׵֮Ժ
¥ʱһߵϾͳȥˡ
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ǵͷѾʼ׼ˣ֤ﳽ¶ֵܷ±
һϣȥةฮտһԼָףָ޼𻤼״ϣ˵߳ȥ
ߵʱ¥ʱѾǶˡ
żһζȣȥˡ
Թ緹Ϳʼˡ
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ְ¥ʱϵķ飬һ˵ʲôҶļƣӱܵģǽ˿Цá
¾Ҫѹѹӡ¥ʱĮյˣŵɴ۵ŮǹһĨЦ
Ƿ𾭣
˳ܲе⣡
˽ֵʱӲͷƤ߽ҽƽˡ
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ǡ
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šճˣǲûʲô˵ʲôҩͷһ㿴¥ʱĮݵĿ⡣
ҽϸ֮󣬿һ¥ʱɫ岢޴󰭣ǵҩȳĺãԼԣֻһԲ֪
ҽܿһ㶼֣Ҫûе㱾ôܳΪ¥ʱĸء
˵ɡ
ҽһҾＱᣬڲ
ΪһԼҽµģʺ壬õ֮¾ףֻϣˡ
̧ͷȥ¥ʱĸͿǸʲô顣
ɡ
¥ʱ鲢ôƽ֪ҽı£鲻̫򵥣ʺᶥʲôѹ֪
ú֮䣬ѡ˭
ҩӦǳԹҩʦ֣֮ȵ֪Ҳ˵ǹȵİǹڣϾ֪ˡ
ȥɡ
ҽҩ䣬һҾˡ
ֻͤʣպ¥ʱ
˵ɣʦǴĽ
¥ʱһӾ뵽˴鲻ùգ˾˯һ졣
ϵΨһԽ͵ľյˣƻС
ͷһξһô治Ǽ£ʲôַܲ¸߰˷֡
Ҳʲô⣬ҩˡǲܰ¥ʱģϾ漰¥ʱ
Ը˵ǾͲˣ綼֪ģֻһ¡
ˣһɡ
Ȱ˵
µľǳ𾭣ͷ¿϶ͷ벻ҲĥĥӣպôĲűߡ
ձŷһԹĿ¥ʱ뿪
Ҫһ𾭳飡
飡
߱ü𣿣

ٽ鷿ˣ¥ʱصվȫ뷽
μϣϽ𰲡
¥ʱģ֮󣬷ʶȤһߵĵϡ
£ͷλˡ
ʺʲô⣿




121 һδ󳯻
 

ȵ̧ͷ¥ʱİӣһµڣҲ庮Уʦô˵ġ
ô򵥣Сëҽȫԣ˵ҩȥˣɼ岻ֹۡ
𣿡
ҡҡͷ¥ʱ׷ǻյһЩ쳣ʦ־˵
¥ʱͷָһ䲻棬ʦʲô
һ£ģļǵҩϵļλҩģϧѧҽģ֪Щҩʲôá
ʦﵥ˵һ˵ʲô֪ʦд˼ҩӸǣǿʦһˡ
Ȼ
ҩӼǵ𣿡ȻڳӦûǵҩӣҪȫֻҪζҩģʱҽһ£ԼĪ֪ˡ
ͷӹȫֽʣͷԼǵõļζҩͨͨд
ȫʵֽ¥ʱһ߾Ͳˡ
Ǳˣ˵꣬͸õˡ
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¥ʱӦһ֮еı֣ȻҲͳ
ֵһԱ󽫣ҲȣҲ㣬ֵһ¹ʱ
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ɡ
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ȫùͼֽ֮ʵȥ¥ʱȿյǸׯ԰
ûжôøûʣʤڸһƬˮռԺ֮һԽСţȥ߸;ҲȥСϢ
ȶһƬԲݵأ¥ʱһһƬѳء
ſһ
һ
͡
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¥ʱȫѱׯ԰ͼֽȥգ˵¡
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ҪЩ̰Ĳ˰̫ˣѰƳЩնķˡ
µȥ˰ղӺùǸ˳أиʲô߶ֵ֧úܡ
湰һҾܱߵļǴϯʱһҶ󣬾ǻˡ
£
ҡҡͷĿǧһͳ££ôܣ
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ͱ緽ʦ죬ֱӰȥС¥ˡ
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ϣʺҰųȥ»պͷۡΪյ׻壬ԼбҪ˵һ¡
ҪպھѾͷˡ¥ʱðһ䣬Ѿǵα·ˡ

ͳЦֲЦܡ

ģ
ǰһ£¥ʱĪģʮͬ
żһһ˵λ¥ʱڣЦЦǷƵġ
˲ԼͬЦ磬жûձˣ
Ĵ󳯻ᣬкΰţͳˣ˲١
һһδⷱĳһʡ鷳ʱϹĹƷһЩةΪΣ
ٰһΣǲʱ䲻̫øģоǴϯҪ̫æ
ΪС̧һҾ
ͷҲΪС
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ϳЪڻʺǶЪ빬˰ɣҵĴ֮١




122 ˿
 

գ¥ʱﳽ緹ʱСҵա
һµ±ɵĿϣ⿴ŵǲǲ֪ζһ
ĳգҹά
ϳտһ¥ʱϵĻơ
Ӽһ±пһСڵϵݹȥ¥ʱ±һǲԵġ
ҧһڣ±Ŵɳɳ塣
±ǲ¥ʱӹȫݹһڲˮһ䡣
չһЦȻǲģϲƤ±д±
ǲַ֪ܲζ
ûڶģ¥ʱһ߰Ͼ¿ɿڵ±һ䡣
ȥһµͷ̧ͷ¥ʱС
оУ¥ʱһźȫڣȫ
ʱͳһְɡӦˣǽӵԼҵµĿ⣬ʶȤĶһˡ
һ±սʲ־ͳȥˣԶҳȻ¥ʱʲôӵǳطǲҪôȻȥá
Թ緹¥ʱͰȥ鷿ˡ
ôУе㲻˳ġ

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ľĿһ歱֣ڣС˵ˣδҪʱҩСͲҪΪū澣Ͻҩ˰ɡ
歱ֵѾ߸һɫҪӲӲ
һֻǱ֣һ֮һǸȽϵˣôԼӳԿ
歱ֲĵĽӹҩ룬ľµĶ°ҩȥ
ľ˿һ۲ϵŮˣתˡ
ʲô⣬ʥ裬Ц
úøһѵʵǲ
歱һһ£ֵѽڡ
ػ
ɣ楣֮µĺûʸϯģԣػϯλҲࡣ
ԲԲڣȴۺϯλԲľ衣
ѣһСķΧǲ
ǰֻڷ裬ûоƣ˵ǻʺ岻òƣص׼˻ʺﲻơ
Ļȴǣϲ׼ʺƣ
ƹѲȥ͸ˡ
ѽһԲԲ֪Զˣ
ǰվһߣԶżūš
ʱ࣬ûȥˡǼʱ˿һ䡣
ղͷЩ֣֪Զˡ
ʮ¾Ǵ󳯻ᣬܼܿˡǿһҹеԲ£һĸĪ⣬ȥգǸˡ
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ջʱ򣬴ء
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¥ʱ̧ƤӿһۣĮ׼
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¥ʱĿ΢΢һͷȥȫֻȫһЦ
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ļž˲١
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ŮˣԵе⡣
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¥ʱڡ
ϣܲÿվŰɣ˵ǸЦӯӯĿڣյĿЩ⡣
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ǣūͰšȫ̧һҾϽкūʱһλá
֪ϵλе㲻ݣսһ±װڵݸ¥ʱϳڶ±




123 
 

¥ʱӹֱڶһڡ
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ѹҪڶγֻ±Ƥ
λðźã˿һװ޷һ֧Ρ
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̧һۣһݵЦݣˣ˿ͻСҲ֮УûҪ͸Ӽƽϡ
ɲװһɫ΢˿ּĿڣزɷϣ˿ѾʮС˶٣ӵĺӡ
Ůݼʺǧǧǧǧꡣ˿Ҳ֪ԼͻֲôԹ
ˣɡ˵ֱ֮ߵݸ¥ʱӹһڣ嵭ζ
Ҫʲô¥ʱ̧Ƥȥ˿ָĦűڣɲ⡣
˿ﻹݵĿ¥ʱ⣬ϣŮ볣ңɷ񣿡
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124 ͼ߻
 

߳ϦȼſڣЩıϦߵڣǽ㣬ôˣ
ûʲôﲻϲڸǰź򡣡ЦЦһϦĸڣҹҪϸ
Ϧͷ
ȫŷ߹СǱ߰õļ±ʺͻһϲǰź򡣡
ȥʦЩʲôڶ±
ȻϲԵġȫСһ첲⣬ҪŻǻȥϢ
ͽʦɡЦЦӹȫĵķһߡ
׼ȥϢʱ洫֡
ϦüǸһԼȥȫһڰ˦ŷ𳾸ǵĽŲ
Ϧ󰲰ַſš
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һȺ˲òɢһֺӶһͷҵķ򦣬ūߵˣ岻ʣūȥϹ
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ģϲŭ𣬶ǵĿ⣬һ顣
Լ̫ԼˣҴΣһ澶ң
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125 ¹ѵ
 

߶ǷﳽӣҲѯʣϾֻһûʸѯʻʺڸʲô
һûҲ֪ǻ
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ʺݵһߺȣ
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ʱ
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126 ȥةฮ
 

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127 ıһְٰ
 

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128 ǰʧǴ
 

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129 ǰع
 

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131 ޳
 

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죬ĿŴɵϵĺɫڣ歱Ѻ
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ϥһ뿪ˡ
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132 
 

ƥҰǴ˳ķ²ĴҴܡ
ĳҲһرڵһˣҪǻе㰲ȫУĶˡ

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133 ۺϷ
 

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134 ˮʯ
 

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ˣ¥ʱЦЦһˣ̶ֵˣǾȥЩɡ
岻վֻܾʹమ
¥ʱҲ֪ԼϹˣⶼ˭ǳģ
ֽ˱Ϊ˴һȹӣǧ˿һֻһ֣ľɢڼϡ
Ѿ߸ͷ纷ȻѧЩӾµķ٣򵥵һ纻ǿԵġ
ǶˮʱѾͷˡ
ױ̨ǰգΪԼԼ֣Ϊ纳ķûôÿ
ҲֻǷˣԣϾȻҲź
ţʵͰǰ
Ǹоܵ˾š
˼ǧذתߵױ̨ǰźϴ֮󣬵ūѾʳƲ
¥ʱŲˣ˱󲽳ȥˡ
ӭ¥ʱգһϥһ
ż·ϾȻԱȥţεȵĶ谡




135 Ķ
 

Թ緹վܣ¥ʱӲǰȥԺüūŰһ齡
ʮµк⣬ã΢죬ԡůʺ˯
棬һ˯
¥ʱһʣӡ
Ѿһ֮ѣʫȻ¾Ļָʹкδ㣿
ִ̧ӵ¥ʱɿһ˼һȣ߷𺡣
ָʹҩʫȻΪ˰⵹ԼԼ¶
ʱһ̨˿ɲ١
Ǻܣֻ©¥ʱ
Ϊ¥ʱǸݲɳӵı֮ʫȻԣֻҪʫȻ¿ͷϣʱǷϻʧ˶衣
ⲻ֪¥ʱƫĵһ硣
ֻҪ¥ʱʲôıƶûãҪıƶᱻ⡣
ɿǼıܵӼֱҪ̫ˬ
շſϣżٵĴһǷѰ˯ĿڵŪɣŰۡ
¥ʱһʣǺ߹ȥŪ˭壿ʫȻ
ͨͨҪŪ
̧¥ʱĿѾ˵һС
¥ʱƺЦһ£յ뷨һ㶼ȡ
˾һϣڵ٩һ䣬ôʱûΪ£
¥ʱͷڣǣ²òأһڷﳽҲΪİȫ롣
ʵҲ˽ģоԼԽԽǰˣջ̫ݡ
˲ҲΪ侲һ£һ¸飬һ侲Ľϵ㡣
಻գһγԵ˼ʺϵζռˣȴ⣬һȫ
֪䣬ϲˣˡ¥ʱĲϣȴƭˡ
ɱ̫˲Żգ
Ϊʲôϲأꡣ
˼ǧذת¥ʱȷʵɫ˵ǽһȻȫһ¹
ڴǷһڱεԴ׶檻Ϊλ˳ء
죡
¥ʱɹıĵˣֱðƤ
ĵЦˣȻûп¥ʱΣա
աĵ¥ʱ̧գһʱ䲻ƢŪˣ
Ϊ˼ǰһΣضǽȥãóԺ˯˵ػ䡣
е
̧¥ʱ֣ĸҰ
¥ʱĹĵˣĿڣƾƺú𣿡
áհǸȡȥ¥ʱԹڣȰƾϴբзǾζɻϲó檺Ⱦơ
¥ʱһüԣһľζζ˲Ʒ
բзԺƾ£кһ¶岻̫׶ˣҲͲˣʱ߳ŭɾͲá
һ̳ôأЦеĿڣϣĴբзǷϾó檺ȵưɡ
ţٺȵ㡣磬¥ʱĺ˵ϲüҵˣҲû˵ʲô
¥ʱϣֵ̧۾סĿ⣬˿ɢ俪һڵ档
ֽ˿˳⵽ʱѹͷ˺ۡ
ģ¥ʱͿʼӣ˳ĳָмá
Ҳùһͷ˿ﱻ̣
湻ˣͷ𣬡˵Щ²ڶΡ
ĿãȻؿȻٵԴһʱ䷴Ӧ
¥ʱһסӣһƺˣǼҲ̽Ҳգպһ֣Ū㡣
ϡ׳һʵʵ⣬ԺٺʱﲻʹԺˣҲϺ󣿡
ţ¥ʱֵ̧˵Ķͷһߡ
ֻһз֮ʵЩﲻһȺСˣܴһ˵ȺҡĵλԣΪʲôҪһأ
ϣŮƶʣ檸ݲɳӣǵʱ檰˻ϣ治֪ʲôֻ¥ʱİŮ̫ˡ
Ŷ¥ʱӦһĵĿڣһ㣬ù´Сβ͡Ҳ£Ҳʰ̯ӵģԼޣռˡ
ֻ¥ʱ˵ǸƢҪ֪ˣβͿ϶Ҫȥ
ͷһһʱԡ
֪¥ʱû˵ЩĲͻͻ
Ķˡ
вУ侲׻˵òĲõģ
侲
̧Լգе̣˵϶ˣ




136 ٻ
 

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侲¥ʱһ̯£ͷ
ҪûôԾͺˣֱӻӱˣԾ󻼡
ĴˣҪþͻԷͥҪΣ
һĿһ£治Ů谭֮»ܷչôá
ǹһЦݣɱ𣿡
¥ʱͷϵա
պìܺǲݵĳˣˣ̬̽ȡ
ػлֱ˵¥ʱһߵĲյһߣž²ٵԺӣŵ͡
ڳԺϣû˱ոͨ˰ɡ
ɱ𣿡ղյˣĿ˼
տĿ⣬¥ʱʵ˵˵ʵ롣ͦһŮԺԷͥҳⱾ²ס
ɣŮ֮ôǿ
ǰС˵̫ˣŮ֮ǻһĪοۣ󶼻ߵ
˵ĺߣŮ֮ĺֵĸֽ
¥ʱĿ⣬²յָһԱʲôأ¾Ǿÿ٣Ĺϵ˰ɡ
գ٣
ȷ
۾㤳¥ʱֱ޻˵
˲Ⱦס䡢ò˫ȫŮȻֻ뵽٣
ѵûһ뷨𣿣
øֱж¥ʱĹֱ
ϣ뿴ߵһջڣɵ񣬴ԡ
뿴չ¥ʱϣŮݣ׻˭Ӯأ
˵¥ʱҲͲˣ£ûбҪѯһյĿ£ʲô뷨
Ͷ˰ɣֻҪСԼıӣϸһĻ
أ
Ŷ㿪Ŀ⣬ģһ档ˣ󳯻𣿡
֪ڴá¥ʱ̺ǵʣڣ
治Ůڴ£ҪӪͬѡ
֮֮һĺһţҪǳУ˵ס𣿡
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̫ãʱûһ½ǡ
ô
¥ʱһüҪʾ¡
ǸҪ
ɡ
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Ǿ͸ˡһЦݣ軵軵ģһۿȥͲʲôˡ
ǶСõĵ͹ͿǰһӣǳƷĽ
ԣϿɣ
ϣõĹ𻨸⡣ϥһ񣬡ҪЩ𻨾ƣܺȾƣ
ɣܺȲǻл𣿶㣬ʱʣǷ֡ղͷһ¥ʱ˵
ϥһȥˡ
ŹԾٵˣ¥ʱο˲٣ֻϣպҲԡ
ʱ֣ʺԷʱ岻ʣҽǰȥֻʺ¡
ڿﳽʱ˺üײյ
ʺȻˣ
ʫȻ֪÷һײͷ棬Ť
Ŀ漰ʱѹ޿֣
һֻòԾǰȥƽʱնûлУôһӾˣ
ʮа˾Ǽٵģոûкӡ
ǰĵӰ鶼Ū٣
Ҫǻ֪ǿǴﰡ
һʥˣʺ̥¶ˡ
ʺʹһ󲨶ȥﳽĽ鱦ЩʵҪ
ʺˡ
ġ
ֻٲΪʺδʧ
ʲô˰߾϶Ūαĸʺ㣬ǻӻʺ
ա
һȺĻĺ밲˳һС
ҲϢôֲµ²ǲȥ˼ôأ
λϣһȺĿڲһĺһ˵Լˣ׼ȥϢˡ
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յĺӻôʱ
ҽΪ˸ʺûһ֪Ȼ˵ٻ
ɡҪ˵ţԼʦ֣ҪǸҲԼ̨պǵɣ
ûһﱳҩˡ
ƽ֮󣬰һɫգβ֪˵ʲô
ٻа




137 
 

ʫȻΪǼٻеʱ򣬲䲻ȵ𣬡ʺЩҪţϿǿ￪Ӱ̥
һ٣ҽƲ
⼸˯Ҳ˯ãҽЩҩ̧Сϣпڡ
˯ΪЩ¹ˣ
ﶼôˣĬĬһ䣬ȥһдӡ
ʫȻɫӲƬ̣վȻĻˣ
°ɣˡ˵ˣͽһȺ

һźܾûˡ
գ˵գָʲô۶أΪʲôװУϹôһ¡
һȻˡı顣
ûУҽı²֪ܲ¥ʱָʹ
ԣǷҪʲô۶ӣ
Ϸնһյ裬֣ʫȻֻǵһӣԻϺҾڸϹϷҲ֮֮
һ𸣺ϹľʱݣһĴָҶûݵġ
ʦֶƭ˰յ٩һ䣬ֻŻŵۺĿ¥ʱ谮ҲΪӣԽУҲſŪǡ
ûԣ¥ʱҪǲ֪ԴӣֻÿЦ¥ʱȻͬˣ
յͷȣͦõġ
գ֪¥ʱͦõģû뵽յز
ԿϾǱƱŲáһ¾ӣձǰĳ谮ۡ
ʦַİɣзִ硣ЦЦת⣬˵ģʲôʱиӡ
Ѿˣҩ˳Ȼҿǿˡ㲻̫ļһЩ˻
Űһ˵̣¥ʱ

¥ʱ
Ҳ٩ˣҩˣˣҡ
˰չȥ˯
󳯻ᵽǰļ죬ޣ죩ԣ죩̥ȣ
һĴ󳯻ʱ䵽Ҳתˡ
ŪյĺӶȻٲٵĶ̥ҩͽȥȫι˻ݲݣЩݲݵĲﳽؼİ׮Ҳε
ػ
λϿżӪ￴
Ҳ˰
壬Ȼ쵽ةλá
ʶĶƱӭ¥ʱĿ⣬Ŀ˼ԣѾƱ¡
Сģһƶ᲻øȡ
շ¾Ʊ
λñȽϿǰԼհ͸ɫһ
ռԣͷ΢΢һ
ԵɫĺܲãҲûжѪɫ˶˲١
ҲĵĿһԣŶ̶һ겻ô任ôǲһ
ƹѲкãȥֱð
ȥ͸һ׼ȥʱȴסˡ
һٷʣȴҲҲӰˡ
Ƿ˰ɡ
ǰǰ䱸Ŀ⿴
һ֣׼û£
ϴ֣ͱ۶Сȣֲûֳʲô¡
˵ǰŸߣ巵۾Ͱȸ۶ˣĿյȹϣ׼ȷ˵ǿ˫ȡ
ļֻԼưϹӣʲô֪
Ŀڣ˵Ͱͱϣҥ˭֪ѩ·ﲻСĵһˤȣϰ۶ô֣ܶ
ʼ򣬡αط̫ƽأ֪˭ǰҪǾ㡢㰡ȥ˵һ˵
ֹĻȻʲôûεвҲǽ˲
յĮĿһ仰˵
оԼһȭ޻棬ĮĿ⣬ƺǵ˼Ρ
ŭһôҺ˵仰ˣԼǸ߸ϵĻʺм˵ˣ
ЦһһƹȥȻ˵ʲôȥ˵ۣ
һû壬ûзʲôԽֹһ벻˵˵ʲô߰ĻδҲģյŲĵǵˣжûô
б¾ͱȥ˼Ǹﰡбҵ鰡
¥ʱǰʲô£Ļ߻ʲô£
бգ
屻ͷƫһߣһ˿Ѫ˿ǵѪŤͷգЦһ桭
죬ͶġĿϣͼһ룬вҰ¥ʱҪ̥Ų㣡
뿪֮ǰֵУȫֻϯʸ˵Ѫ飬ûУ´ٺ˵˵ͷ
ԶȥıӰʱʲô૿ڣԭˣԭˣ
ϯȻϲգѹ֣ѹְһȥͳˣ˵ˡ
ǣ




138 Ե
 

ջصλϣĿڴϡ
¥ʱɫֻס裬
ղͷ¥ʱ檸һƣ˵һЩôõ¡
޷ЩٺȽ¥ʱڣյĿ⣬һĨΣ˸š
ʱúúһǰʷˡ
ð¾ˣϾӣڴϸ޴ӡ
ʧǵĽϵİӡһ˲˲Ŀ
찡˵ǹͽܣ˭ȻҴǲҪ𣿡Ҳ֪˭쾪һ
ĿϣվǷһ񹧾ڣʺŮǰŻةͻˣֻةȥ֪˭ةࣿ
ġտǸӡԼӲãǽݵĿڣƤ̫񣬴ñۡ
Ŀһ˲տǵ󰡣ȵ˶⡣
ҲãµŮӣ¥ʱ˵ʧʱյڡ
ҹͬĿϣϴʵʣʺιҪ֣
Ϊʲô⡣Цһ
üԤԴҪ¥ʱµºͿھ͵ңûͷлǴһССĹʱ
ŭӲѹһͷ
ϣʺҲ߯ˣôԵ޹ʴءʫȻͬĿڣģյĽݲγ˾޴ķ
˶û˵ʲô̧ͷһŵĵĿ⣬ͷ΢΢һ
¥ʱûգʫȻģĮɱ˵ʱ
ڳϾʹû
ɱ˵ʱײϣ
Ƕٳ
ʫȻһ仰µ޻˵૿ڣûС
¾Ʊ̧һϻˣ⻤յģҲǺܲġ
ԣƾʲôҪʺ˵ʱҪ¥ʱһ䣬ǻ޵ģֱҪ̫
ڳһȻˡģɿɣʺζöˣϻں
ֻϣһôõİ
СһԾͺˣҪʺأ
ľǵ谮㣬ʱʲôǳͷˣǶ˾Ǻõˡ
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׵׵Ķˡ
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˰ˣ
޵Ҫһҧˣںǳǣǡ
߱ɱĮȻĿڴﻷһȦµޣţ
Ҳҡ
ʱվ˵ٻϣﻳᣬƢԴҲʵ£ׯλةŻ󶯸λ𡣡
񸽺͵ĵͷ˵ʺӽһЩҲǱ֮ˣλةð
ĻգٿǲǷͦ¥ʱ߬֡
顣
˵ʲôҲ˵ˣֻĬĬһӵװһơ
ʫȻĲ豭Щˡ
ŶиֲŸôŰ裬Ҫ红ûأ
ʫȻĿһա
յĲ̫յһ仰ɥڲʺϺնϡ
¥ʱվ뿪ˡ
һ¾߻ȥ·ϣպȻס¥ʱżһ¡
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չԾ͵Цˡ
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ûһ˾͵빬ܰͣʱʱ˵һ仰
⣬Ǻȫҹ
ҵ¿Ŷ̶һסˣҲãҪǻʺյǿɾ͸ˡȫŷǶп
ǿӣͦõģҪûк͸ˡ
ôһɡֲҪ̳ЩûжжӰ죬Ҫǻˣ顣
ƣһһһ

ϨˣȫǾ͸ȥһߵĲϢˡ




139 ;ƿ֮
 

ҹЪϢһȥԡ
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ң檣ȣŻ岻ãܲðȥ
ԡ¥ʱӣ˽²עô࣬ϰôԳƾôɡ
յͷ˯ˡ
¥ʱû˯⣬ۿյ˯ա
Ѿһˣһζȹ˴󳯻ᣬһδ󳯻ʱҲЪ빬
˵ƶš
ԼˣպѾ˲ܸĵزԴ֮ԼľͲˡ
ݣ谮ҪõĸһƬ죬ϲϲĹĵģ
ʵյһһЦϲ
ԲŲܽĮģǸʱǵͱ˼¡
¥ʱ§֡
ϵ̴㣬˯⽥ӵ˯
ա
¥ʱȥ糯ˣȥ￴һԵ壬Լȴ
ֱ¥ʱ緹ûгԡ
һͬԹ緹ղűȥ˷ﳽϾҲҪԸŮ졣
֮󣬿ŰؼŮ죬˴ȥ԰ӣӴ˰
֪յȼҲӣֱӿڣֵ岻ֹۣ˥;ƿ֮ƣ򼸸£һꡣ
žડղСĴ˼ҪĲյˮʪȹڡ
ŰΪӣֵ̧סͷþԡ
ЩΪΪղͽڣһյ㣬ӿø졣ôʣɻȫϳϾյ׸簡
£һꡭ
Լ޵ʱܰ
Ļ֣λɫ;ƿ֮ƣʦֶ죬֮˭зء
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Ĳڶһ𣿡ղĵĿڣָץԴɢһԼ顣
źĿڣΪ
Ƿϵİڰ֣ĬĬ뿪
Ǽ뿪˲ŽʰϵıӣŶͷĬգ˳ȥ
ڵŲ֪潲Щʲôֻµɫϵǲá
ſںţȥһСһЩԵʳ
ǲڸǰźգһһ߽λŶͷŮˣϥһ񣬡ʺū澷ǹùõһ轺漦Ⱥ˰ɡ
𽫼ֱߣϥһ׼ȥ
յ̧վס
Ƶɤù𱶸ѹòפͷϥĿڣʺкηԸ
ûθڣ⼦ˡһǼڡ
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һ۽üɢһ裬Ҳʱı⡣
֪鲻ÿ϶ʲô⼦˳ж̥ҩǴ󳯻ڼ䣬ֳʲôϯѿ
ȴ󳯻һʫȻ⼸ڱQһ°ɡ
ص޵һѣ˳ƿϼĬ
ֵ£ľûпܻ
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Ѱ¥ʱҲ˰ʳ
ճԵһ룬¥ʱȻˣҶǳԹȻСֵˡ
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岻ֹۣ
һ˵Ҳûθˣ¿ӿ¥ʱֵ;ƿ֮ƣѾʼ˥򼸸¶һꡣ
¥ʱһ£ҲûԵɫԭΪ۳Ͷٲ̫ãû뵽Ѿ;ƿ֮ơ
뵽յ壬¥ʱȻ뵽ʲôѲǴŴģ
õŴǿ彡Ҳû֢
һ߻йźոһԳƿڣĸ³֮ûȥˣ檺ͻֵ嶼Ŵĸ󡣡
¥ʱĬһ£ֻպŴǵĺϡ
ˣʲôأء
ðҽҽȥܶЩӾ;Щӡ¥ʱ𹫿ռһЩԵĲˣԵ㣬Լû𣿡
աŶһӣӳĲˣһһԣûһ߰˷ֱûжˡ
¥ʱȥߣοɲڷﳽԺˣȥ԰




140 
 

֪ۺȥ԰ɢЩˤ˲յ
ʺǡζЦȥȥ԰ߡ
һźĹԣֻ׼һ¡
Լȴֲ֪ôӺ˵𣬱Ͼһεͦҵġ
պ¥ʱûкúù԰ղ붯˲ڹ棬ҪôڷﳽĺԺ
ЩܵǲȻѩˣ԰ҲжĻܣر÷÷á
ɺ÷ǲһմҶ컨ǰһСͷվԭصˣܲڷﳽϼ裿
⻨ͼֵͦߵģҲҩֻϡһ㣬԰Ҳô衣
ľµĻѩ¥ʱڣԣСĵ㡣
һС컨С컨¥ʱĸ첲
ָ׸ǴСĻ¥ʱС컨޷棬ССɵһ仨ѻڵķ˿Ҳÿ
̧ͷ¥ʱһЦ
¥ʱֻ·ʲô
ԶŷʫȻ¥ʱָðѪ˿޲óȥŪԼ
ٳͼżյԥŸôǰȥڨ
ǼʫȻʺ۵ӣȻ볰ЦһκԼҲܼʡ
ϣ㿴ΧжٺյԹһ䣬պڷﳽɡ
ûб˵ۿá
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141 
 

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˼£һ˾㤵Ŀ£ЩζĻȥ
ðɣҲûʲôϡģһֻԴһĴèûʲôϡģֻ¥ʱı£Ե
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ʫȻߵҪĶ񶾣΢΢һȣյ˺ܶడ
ڮٻʺõʫȻڣŵһ¹ڵϣɫɷס
ʫȻֶҲŵģҪǸ浽ʺǶǻл·

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ձߵĶȺ߹վһüɵʫȻڣԣĪҪִˡ
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ٺ۵Ĳţͷл֮͸ϽȥˣһѾˡ
ʫȻĿⰵһ˲󣬵Ӣ˲أǴ󲻾
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ڣѹѾкӪʱ䰲˲١
~ĻһίСܵ¥ʱߣȹڵϻһŵĻȡ
űԼ첲һίգ¥ʱʱ֪Ҫװ״ˡ




142 
 

˭㣿տڸ״¥ʱԼѯʡ
ֹĿһʫȻһЦݣһʢС׻
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¥ʱϣվһߵֵ̧˵ԼĶͷſڡ
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¥ʱС׻ɶĵĲУɫ
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ʫȻ˵ǽһУˣĿʡ
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143 ͷ
 

صӪصʱø˳ԷֻƺһССĿԵʱʲô
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СǻʺҲҸ˩ţһֱɢйߣСҲԣʡĵúܡ
ǰСǰ˵ˣ׼
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ɲҡҲϣŻȥգôҽȥ
·ñȽϺʵҲûС




144 ϻ
 

ȥȥϻζЦЦ
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ѹְԹ緹صȥһڰԭ˰
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145 ѽ
 

һ˳Եģδ¥ʱһͬȥ磬ϾӹеԲ
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ܰ˵ǽһֱ׳һ¥ʱ۽üҾ֮⡣




146 ˤ
 

ǽԼԴ͵ԼҵıѾ޻˵
Ϻ󹬼ǧǲܶһ˵ģȻǻʺ󣬺αЩ˼ƽ϶ôࡣ
ʫȻУһŲҪԼӽȥҪһء
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Ƕȥհ֣ļϥ˳ȥ˳Źȥ
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ƾնһˣֳ̧¥ʱҾϡ
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΢΢üϣһ㶼㡣
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ָһԱ񣿡
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ˣյɷȮֻģµƲ㡣
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˵ǡ渽һ䣬ʦֶкǼǹ¼ҹˡ
ǣĻַӾᵽϱ档
Ρ
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һ裬ʫȻ䱸Ŀ⣬һЦﶯ֣ҲĪҪҩǱģ˵Ҳѡ
ʫȻɲĿЦԭ㰡ǶԹ
ĿȻŷ⣬ҧгݵĿڣɱ˱֮ˡ
ʫȻһһڣ˵Ǹøлˡ
յĳ˿డ
ֻҲǸˣҲֻԼŪհˡ
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лˣҪǸλãǿԸ⡣ЦЦΪѺá
ɱ𣬱ɲ뵽ʱ幫ҧһڡʫȻһЦ²յ׼뿪
һƾʲôҪһأⲻǸ鷳
ʱ³˻ҪһЩ棬ɵ˲Ż
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ҪˣָЩʫȻ۵ƤĺסʫȻ
֣Ϊ˺ӣ㬵İſڣ֣
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ʫȻ޷޲ƽģóһƿϣҩŮӶӾУñʧ




147 乬
 

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ʫȻ뿪ʱ򣬳ȴ΢΢򦣬ҲֻǸƿ
ȻĿűвˮĿ˼ĿⱯǺ⡣
࡭࡭
ʲôõģŰ裬ĿˣеչǸܻ죿
ʱ򣬾ͿŤӿĺ⣬ʱ֪ա
һ࣬ҲǺް
һé®СӰˣƾʲôܲյϲ
ҿ磬Ȼ
ǡ
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ǱʱճϯˣӦ¥ʱһγϯɡ
λϣȻһүգһһתȻҪȢΪޣ
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ǵ֪λүĸ׺ͻմ״ʣȻλãԼҲһı¡
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幫ںҩĶǿ϶ùӵġǺүĿڡ
տһʵĳҪû֣ĻΪλүȥ֡
Ůȿȿȡ˵ʲôʱһεˣɫ԰׵ĽҼ
̧ȥҽյڣڷϣүһֱиˣүǱǿѡ
ԣ˵ʲôȴֲ֪ô˵
幫Ȼˣ
ˣǿѡ
λү̧һҾȥȻȢɣⲢ幫ԼŮֻϧŮˡ
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ⲻֻһͳͤȥ
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߽ͤӿ׼õĲϹЦ˵һ䣬׼
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⡭Ҳ֪ó檣ԴĹϵɡʫȻӦҲǼġ
𣿡ζЦЦĿ⿴ΪԵء
ôأʫȻŵĿգһˣǽﵱ׽㣬˵̫ˡ
ŷַµʫȻշ²豭˹ڣҪá
ʫȻɫѿһЩ
ϹձͻϷ˺ŵһжǼٵģǱ֪ģоϲ𣿡
ʫȻһ
ϣۺ˾ȻʵϷ
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ûл֪𣿡ղڴ̼һʫȻΪϷҪˡ
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ղ಻þƣܵĿʫȻȻ
˳һߵȥ
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ʱ¥ʱѾϵͤ棬ǰֽڵϵĵط̲ѪĮ·Ƶʺ˺ᣬλ乬




148 
 

ϣûУûаǻʺƵ檵ģ檶Ӻ۰ϣôԼĺӿЦأ鰡
ûϹ
ʫȻڵϣ¥ʱŮˣԼͶһĿ⣬˵һ䣬Ӯء
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ѹȥŭǰ׵ŵøĹūһ
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ﳽ
ջһɾ·Ȼһ̬ڴϣҽܱ˵ûбס
ôһͷô£
ĺûұ乬ʺĺҲûˡ
¥ʱһ߳ԸֲƷˣҡҡͷû˵ʲô
湻ˣȤζҲû˭ˡ
ҹջһȹһȥˡ
Ŀĵأ乬
ʫȻ͵ڴϣһֻһźš
֨ѽ
űƿˣʫȻͷȥͿһȹŮһյ
գ
ɻϵõŮˣ
ǰЦЦӯӯĶһ仰
˵ʹӣһյ͵ǿʧ޵Σˡ
Ҳݰ
ʫȻֱ׵ĻƵɫŤ޺޿ڣҲôһ죬㣡
ᡣҡҡͷҲҪԶôǱ
㣡ʫȻʲôЦ㲻ǸСôȲ￴ҵЦ㲻»֪𣿺Ǻǣ֪ٻ𣿡
֪ѽƱĿʫȻϽ֪ͣ
óһƿϣͷһʫȻĺڰŨ졣
촽һȣڣֻǱģŶ
ˣʫȻɫŤľǸƿ߹УԺעҪ¶մȻռϣˣɱЩģɱģϲһ˵ģȫµģ
ǻأǲǾܳΪһ˵أЦȴ˲ƫִɱⶼҪڸǲסˡ
һ̣ʫȻ׵ˡ
Ǹӣˣ
Ҫռϻıλ
ƿӵĶҩ൹ʫȻʣһԼȥ
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գˣߵĹҲԲã̫һϯͰ˶ȥˡ
һ֮ھޱ䣬Ӹ߸ϵĻɷٱһʬ壬䱯
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ڻӭ˵ڶꡣ
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򡣡ſھȻſ¥ʱϺߺ󣬱Լû˯ơ
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ϸϸĲ֣˵Ҳǣ֮ûôա
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ȳԷԷʱ̸δӰθڣʲô黹ǳ극˵
յͷ˳ԹǣȥԺɢˡ




149 ԣй
 

˵ս𣬹Ҳһ£ة¡
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ЦˣΪ˫¥ʱһﾡĵӰ
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¥ʱֽͳƺЦ⿪ڣԣй¡
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£˻صУ¥ʱʼæµΪ߾Ǳ߲
ոоԼһ㣬Ҳ˯٣ǿĥʲôʱҽ¿
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Դ
ֻǶ̶֣ǰڣЩʡ
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ܴ󱯴ϲ˵ɽǰ·ϼ࣬һ׻ġһȰ˵գʱ̽䱸岻ʡ




150 ܺãһ
 

˵ʲôʱͷһ̶ۣһһۣò̧ͷ˻ƽ顣
Ǽ״һǡ
ʰҪȥ֣侲Ķһ䣬ɫȻָ
ûҽҩˡ
ҽ밲֮ôһʱϲüҰ
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ҽһһպͷ̧һҾﻹǰ̥ϾĵӻǱѰһ㡣
ⲻʵʱҪʣ֪²Ҫֻ֪ǵȻȥͻ棬һᡣ
֪ˡոһ
ЦǰѸҩԵҽһΡ
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аȥͨİҲ꣬һȥҽ顣
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ĲʱҽһϢͱ¥ʱǳ˳ҲزȥҪ¥ʱ֪֮ǰ뿪ϯ
ԣίҽˡ
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ܺãһʡ
¥ʱֱӰȥﳽˣȫкūŸš
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˻һۣϦ깧Ŀ˵ū澲֪
⼸˶յģǰŪˣҲһ˵
ңǿĲ֪




151 ׽
 

ûһȫɥˡ
ϣҽˣмҲڡȫ䣬Ǹһ㺮˪
ѹ¥ʱǵйմĴ˾ҽûʹаǾͨ
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֮ǰһ֪ԼҲҿӱޣȻ˵ٶڸϵһˡ
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ʲô֪ѽһ޹
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ҽ¥ʱҲò˵湻ݵġ
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152 Э
 

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´ΣĮѾΣձȡ˴ӻָĦ
֣ȥһôôա
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ǷַӾ֪ǲĵģһҪ
ڼ䣬¥ʱ˴ȴƣҪϢĺܽ
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ԼƢʼѧ룬ܲԸҲá
Χ֮ڣᾡֻҪģһɷǵ
󲻶࣬ľͺãˣ¥ʱֺ̧庢ƵıĨڹԡ




153 
 

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¥ʱԼӳ̧һţԽԽ޿ˣ
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¥ʱδȥͣΪԼʱƲס˰ߴػʳǡ
ֻص·ϣӵ˰Ϣ
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û
λȥҪľ˶ˣ
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ԲҪľɾ裬ȻԼһ֡
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һ˳λϯûɷȫȫյĺܡ
¥ʱȻЦһȻ԰ôܻᱻȵôѿ
ȥ
ȥƣʱپҪҪִ档

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ɱ
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ͷ˲ĳһһӣѪζ˲
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ӷӽղ
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ߵ£
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ɡ
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ҡҡͷο첽ߵ
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һˡ
ĿûʲôҲûɿ֣յĿǲãҪ³ԣͿʼѵˡ
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ջ֣ǵûУء
һûһ۰ǹأ
ҲһӽܲԵϢһ㡣
ǣܻ
⼸ˣɡ￴۴ϵˣһð
ƾʩһҽҲû취Եѧղʦõ
˸лʦ֡մ˵ͷԣ˵Ǹʲôζ
״ִż˳ȥˣѿռա
տݵ͹Եˣͷɬ̡
֪ǰ˲ãӦûѹɣ
һǶҲͦˣҪȥžˣá
տڴͷ̧̫Ѩ




154 
 

λҫ׾һٳ裬ʳ谮ݣ簮
λŵĸףһǡ
˵Ҳðҫǧ谮
Ի˰ΣһЩͷƵģȻʹǹҲܱƵ
齱ϵŮӣһ£ͷڣ޶ˣֻļֱƻ
ǿĵģ
ˣͳһͷͿˡ
֡տǰˣͷһ¾ͱӿɬǣЩƳ
ɫѵϣĿѲչʣѾĥ
أˣһ·ϳ˲ٿɣǿſռæˣںøš
ǻԿˣһ·ϹÿɲˡҡҡͷǿһЦ˵
Цһ˰һ˵
֪֡ܲ𣿡Գ̧֣Դ˵־͵ͣЪһ
ס֣֫Ѫ㣬ֺҪû¶ˡ
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Ƶĺȥ̼࣬ú˵˵ɡ
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Ҹ𣿡ǰСһ䣬͡
۽ü͸ͣһƬ⣬ǸˣһЩҸҿɺˣһҲ˵ıỤ̋߱ɱԡ
ǵ΢΢һЩ̶ɫһףüͷ
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աͳɤᡣ
տĮƺһ㴥Ҳ˻һա
ڡ
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ܰʱһ˶ЩȽһһ
̧ͷǰȥķǣһ䣬εͷΣ
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Ǹպ١޷֡ء
ͷɬŲϵ޴壬ʿڣ֣㡭
䲻ɾ䣬һθպ£޴롣
áӡޡˡáԵĿһߣƺǶվһˡ
îҪָ̧ȥϵۣ𡭿ޡաա޺ûһ翴㣬ػ㡣
ָȵᣬ¶һ룬

սסֻĴ֣ӽʧȥɫʻϡ
ĻȣЦﻹһ˿ѡ
յͷϴն졣
£Ļȥһ
Ըûб˺ͲʹԸһžۡ





155 Ҷ
 

￴һɫ
ⶼ˿һ磬ôûг
ڼ˽ǲʱ򣬵űˡ
ޱվſڣ˫ֻ档
׵ۿǴһ
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鷿
Ѿǿռ϶
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ⲻĴյĴ֪Ϊеѣ
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ܰһ˱ƵȭͷˣҲб¡
ֱ̧˲ǵѪ˿ʦ֡
Ҵʦ֣㲻䡣սҩȥ֮վǰţٸҶԻʺﶯ֣ɱ㣡
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ɬɬһգùȵĴʦȭͷˣպñ°
廻һ񣬱˵Ŀѣǰ棬иļơ
Ҳøˡ
һһ˼
گ˭һܲ
Ϊ֮ƣƹλ
ڷɣձϴ۸گԼˣ
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պҩͳȥˣ÷￴š
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ʽ˵ôôƫ̻㣿ֻҪеĺöյĹﶼһݣѾ˵ĳ谮ΪʲôҪأ




156 ǰȥƹ
 

λλһ㶼ޣҪЦ
ˣ

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֮õĶﲻֿɵֶĶ
޼ģСҴıҲˣϲΪһ˷ִ硣
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ա
Ѿôǣֱƹ
ٴζϡ
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ӣǴˡ
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Ϣȥ
Ρ
һȣǲ
ǰĹд֡
ܹ
ǵ길ʴ͸յĹ֪λҫжôܳ衣




157 
 

˼̧һЦݣҪʲôɣ
ӣһýļӣֻϧЦ۵ס
ЦЦȴǺâһƬʽ룬ÿҪʻʽء
ղͷһȥ
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162 ս
 

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168 ϣĪǿ
 

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¥ʱͷ۰ĮڣҪ
պͺӣҲԼĺӡ
šüͷΣͷҪΣ
Σͷ
ΣΣͷһһеĺ
ֱ˵ɡ¥ʱһ۰ľְŷ顣
ʦ˵ϲĨǵģǽͷۡ
￴¥ʱ̵Ŀڣºӣ̥պ᲻кӶ˵
ǲӵģһƴӡ
֪յƢŻ¥ʱ
¥ʱĿһӾ񰵳ȥˡ
ڰǰ·
һգȥӣõӣⱲӻкˡ
Ҫˡ
Ͳȫ𣿡¥ʱŰķ˲һһ㲻Ǵҽ¾Ȼӭͷϣ
ﱻһʵЩѿǣҺӸûʮİĸƽƴһҲֻ߳ɲգ
߳ɲİգô
巵ۣǻͷȥһˣǸãգҲȥģ
ҲȥնģӾһĲ롣
¥ʱڣ̥ͬˣ߹²µͳ̥ҩ
ŵһӵ˶塣
ЦһĴ㣬Ǵľǻ¶ģһἫĸƽ
²ѹΪһ̥ҲĴȥѡ
ֻһΣһ̥Ӹɱۡ¥ʱŷ塣
˭ܽմߴߣԼĺҲУ
һҾǡ
ҪʲôҪҩľ˵С
զֻ࣬ñǧ˲λǧ֥Ǿȼǲ嶼ǼõĶ
¥ʱҩģתͳȥ
¥ʱ뿪鷿תȥ̫ҽԺȻ̬ȶҪӣҲüҽղȡ
ﳽ
ȥúĭԼȥ˺ԺūŰΣȻԵá
¥ʱһ·ͨ裬ߵԺӣĽȻ˲٣Ų߹ȥҩһߵĵ϶յ
ŴҴҸϹ¥ʱղĿȻ䣬֪¥ʱĴʲô
⺢ĻΣ檵ϻΣ
¥ʱһڲ裬߹ֽ˱Լϣ
ôһġ¥ʱķҪŹ³ꡣ
ôܻȥأ
棬ССһ
֪¥ʱôģºӰɣϾöôҪ
ɩ˵ʱ̥ӣպܲжǸ⣬ǣƴһҲҪһӡ
סڣ¥ʱյ۾Ŀ׺ݱ壬˵һ֣ھð̥ҩԾ󻼣
΢΢Ŀ⣬ȥ¥ʱ۾
һֱȥȻ˵ۣ£ȥ
ǰõĽ̸ֻ֪Ҫȥĭһӡ
ð¥ʱҪĺӣҲܻصԼǸʱ
¥ʱסյ򦣬ֻܿԼ忪ڵգǸ뿪ɾͱֹʲô
ϣĪǿ󡣡̧ĵ֣Լ򦣬¥ʱԵǿԵˣҲ͸ˡ
Եδãûһ˫ӳδɡ
Ǹ˵ˡ




169 ѡ
 

¾ϲǿ󡣡¥ʱԼİɰӿīнݲؽ񣬹ºһݽ档
ձ΢΢
¥ʱ⻰Բֻ˵˵Ļġ
檵ƢãΪ˶񶾣СﻹݲɳӣҲУµô࣬Ϻοǿһأ
ԭҲ֪Լôȱ㣿¥ʱЦʡ
Ҫǹ˼ѹסƢȥŪˣ
ƣ˵Ļ
˯¸ӾҪ뿪ǲǻҪлһԼӣ
Ȼ߽ⱲӾͱ߳ȥˣˣҲҪŴ߳ȥ
ס̧ͷ¥ʱӿ׺ƺһ޵С˼޴Ӷݱ˶Ϥˡ
㻹֪£¥ʱһΪ¶һ㣬͸ս£ȵζˣ
ƲƲǡ
ǲҲж֮ζˣ
¹һʱʶţһ׮׮һܹҪһ㣬㾡
¥ʱЦڣĿⶢգ֫ıס
һҲ͵˵ĺˣѾðճյ׼
뵽Լɵĺ飬һ£ƿ¥ʱվ㻹ھҳɣ⳼檵սľģպԲ˯á
Ҫ°Ͳˡ¥ʱֱ˳޵ȥ
һ£ʱӭ¥ʱ
òڱ£ַš
ǰ¥ʱգǺһ߸һּֽ
һֽ϶дּտˡ
ûУⲻģ
ӱܰİԴ¥ʱ棬ֿɰĺ۸
¥ʱŻˣԼĻǸһ㣬ޱȵϡ
ĻůôΪʲôҪ뿪أ
գԼռ˹µģ뿪Ͻİɡ
ִַڹߣҪʲô¶Ը㡣
ıİŨ
վҲ˵ʲô
Լģһ仰ͿֲģҪʵж
󣬻ʳӭһŮѡ㡣
¥ʱʵвհ˲٣ױȥ˴㹬
ͬеĺֻһ
Ϊ¥ʱæ񲻳ϯվλˣһߡ
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ЩŮ棬ÿһǺܳɫġ
ڻʹֵطԵúһ㣬г͵ò˾޵ʡ
λϵĻʺò޴һ˸޷ٻʡ
ԣڳɫŮһȣӲ֡
һȦ֮󣬱˵ˣǧƪһɣûɫġ
˶Ǽʶģϵ۽Ǿ͸˵ˡ
Ƕϵˣ㻹ָϻῴϣ
ǽһݻ⼸λûѡġ˵û檣鴦
Ҫҵԧף
ҪǵʱŪԹżñ
黹ҪΪáտһ۲ӣ⼸˶ɣƣвľȥةࡣ
ǡϥһȥ
һҲ廰
ԣе̫ˣĸҲкüǴ˴μﲻСմⱻͻ飬Ǽõġ
ûһɫĹŮ˽ƿһλϵŮˣ˼졣
һɫĵȹ޷ֻǺܼ򵥵һڣż򵥵ȫѹסӡ
˵˵ԼЩʲôѰһţ˹ĿڣһǻӺݾͽη
Ůʶü֣黭֪һ
ŮŮ䣬ʶü֡

϶ǧƪһɵĻشûмôʵġ
һĶ˵ˣտڵѾܶˣǶǻһ껪ûҪ̤֮Ƕ뱾ãǴͻ顣
һŮӵĿգĸսʤŮҵ֣˵𣿡
ȻһԾŶտСݽΣţ벻ҲǸġ
ǽŮ˳š
Сһ󣬡Ů÷ةѾãֻǡֻةȢ޳ŮűŽŮʲôֻ֣ҪŮڷةźУ
С˵˵žЩ״Σչڵ˵Լʧˡ
ƣôɹһƬ֮İλС˵ԼҲЩдڰһ䡣
ǰһƬ֮ѵÿɹ󡣡Сǰ˳ȥˡ
СҲ֪Σ빬ǻϲġ
ûһһƯŮӻ߽պڵϣڣŮ֪ݵ΢䲻ة࣬˵ˣ֮˿Ժ˵Ůʵڲزסˣｵ
֮УǿһϲˣҪȻΪϹûϲ




170 һζûУ
 

ȹվһߡ
Ƭ̣һ־˶סоֹҲ󷽡
ܶŻʺľѹĿⲻŲңѵá
յͷԸڱźգ
ȻһθӡǲĸƤҲܿӺ˻壬Ҫ࿴
ŮԸģ歶ǧл
һջһ۸пǧ
رǻȺСɰ˵ԼİĽʱоԼ˲١
ȥ鷿ǣȥﳽɡ
ϥһ񣬴ȥˡ
鷿
ֻ¥ʱȫҲ˸ס
ѡˣ¥ʱͷҲ̧֪ˣӵݸ󣬲óһθ
һһЦûһ۵ģһûиѡ糯˻γһ˵ƶʡ
ӣſ¥ʱˣƢգڣƢԽˡ
壡Ȼյ񣬶䶼¥ʱϣ嶼ﳼ˵ˣ϶ǻȨˡ
ίСģϸָһһ´棬ǿɰĲС
¥ʱӷǺة񶼲˵乫ˣƢ㲻֪Ϊѡ͹˼Σ
һζûС˵ǽһֱ׳
¥ʱˣƤˣպīģ㿴ļҹֱ˵ɡ
סο
մ¥ʱǱ߰ǹһ֫ռҵĹ歺ܲû壬Ȼ˵Ѿʮˣɻ嶼ҪˣǴ´ࡣ
ֻһԺƷ٣Ȼһ㣬ܲҪΪɥĸˣ˺˼ҡ
ȿȡ̧˻أô̭ĺ
¥ʱִʵֶһ£һ䣬壬ûûСġ
տ濴¥ʱб棬һۣͷ˵Ҫһ𣿡
￴˵۹⡣Ҳˣտ˵ǽһ׼£һء
ͳأ㲻ƫġ¥ʱĿбһգﵭĮ
̾һ檴ᣬʱþδȢδ޵ŮʱŪСϷǲźأڴ󽫾ͷة࣬ʱֱӸǴͻ顣
ƾԼıȢϱ˰ɣ֮ھͰСˡ
ûϴͻ飬ҲһŮĵλ۸
㡣¥ʱ˵һ֮󣬽һӵݸ񣬡˳飬˳µ˹ó淢һֲ
ʱҹл˹³û󽫾פر߾Ѳ˹߸˭ȥ̣ǱϾˮս˹ˮս
˵ҲûеѾȥһڻᴫϢʱַ
ʱ˵һҪȥ˹ŻСڳҷȥ
һҾżӾͳȥˡ
¥ʱߵͼǰǸȱĵͼЦˡ
ڹȿƬ½ĵͼɼ
ĵͼ¥ʱ֫һЩ
յͷǲửġ
軵軵ģ¥ʱָ̧һԱǿ˵𣿡
ҪǽЩҶͳһˣҲͳһЦеĿڡ
ô˵ǾǻбϾˣ
ڴĺܰ
ȰЩͳһˣͿغӺһˮ
һˮΪСӴ
ַ̧ô檾û⻰ôǹҼأ
ʹϯ൱ûʮİȻս𡣡¥ʱľָָͼһ㹻ϯϼ꣬ҪȫͳһЩңûһʮǲܵġ
ʱǵĺӳˣʹλȻĴ߿
һͳ𣿡
¥ʱҡͷղĿ⣬ǶˣǺʲô̫ƽʢ
ͳһ˶һͳ¾ﱲ飬뱲һڼɱɱˡ
ֱ׳һ䡣
ԼĶӣ⺢ãԾһĸǧսңһͳ
˵ܼʶһ־ñغϵʱǡͽѪ
ǿԵĻͦԲʱһѪڵս
¥ʱȥδĹ滮գδĹ滮
鷿˺һӣ¥ʱ֮˾ȥﳽˡ
¥ʱҲǸ歵ĹǺܲȴݵ΢һЩҲةࡣ




171 
 

Ƿ𣬻ʳ棬һ͵׾Ҫˡ
йĹ֪ʺҪٰᣬϽʰ٣
һȺí׼ҪԼһϱ
ŮҲǧԼŮŮȥһŵԵˣ
һգվйſڣǧŮ߽ȥ緢Ϊж½ϵ
ȻǸǵᣬȻգ¶һҲͻȥˡ
歰һźա
û͹ˣЩǱǴŮΧ׷½ӳ
ֱ衣ҲʲôˣǸĵӣһȡ
ոһ񣬡ȥ
ǡ歲סİĽعϥһȥˡ
տӣ̲סЦˡ
㻹ЦûһգŭҷԴӼ޵ϯԽˣ
УⲻΪҵ׶𣿡˵ǽһֱֻȴȤζ
ôˡ
Ҳûϻô
ϯŮӲǱȽģֻ޷мܵסӷϣӹݹ裬һлŲһڡ
ǻ̫ºˣһ䡣
ֻ֪ǿºͣʵҲǸλߣһƷǳܳܡ
ةฮϲĵģӦǲˡһգŲյһڲ衣
㱾ԣðһ¼źĿڡ
ֻ֣á
Ҫ¥ʱָڱһˮǳء
ϴСˣ˭˾˵ͻ顣հѻһ˵壬ֵ˵ûûˡ
㲻˵ռҵС㲻𣿡̧ͷվĹԴһĨĹ
ڣҾò
棿վ֮Щϲ
ͷ˵öԣҲСˣóɼҵˡС㲻ԸȥദǺǾͳס
ϵĺɫûȥĻĶ֪ϦϦˡ
뿪͵ûһ㷴Ӧ
տŸɵþõˣȻʧЦ
Ա߹ȥةฮסʱ䣬ΣտҲº˲١
ȻԣҲ뷽跨һ¡
歾ȵ̧ͷգϲᶼˣϹȥūߵл䣡ūһźة˵ģ
ҡͷ
ةฮȴźɲȥź壬ȥͻ顣
ǣ̽շȥߣ歵齻ǡ
ǵͷȥ歿ʼ
˾Ĵҹ㣬źǿԵģȥźһةǾͲˣԽݡ
һ͵ϲһӾͶýæ˵ýаϲµļæ׼
һӱϲõĻ˵ʱųζ
һеģʵҲû˽⡣
ŮΪжΪôжΪŮӿǣԣôˡ
ºˣ˫ʲô˵֮һ׮׮
ձҲϷΪ˼Ļϣǣߵıʱû˱ȵ
һͬȥةฮϦ꣬Ҳյġ
˵ȥǻʺȥةฮͬѧգȻ歵
С㣬㲻ؽţūź꣬ةūҲǼõģƢɺˣҷİɡ
正ϦЦſ˵
歽ԼȹڣЩԱǡҳãִة֮ӣ¡
С㲻ԷƱة˿Ǻѿ佱˵ġϦЦŻĽš
ͣڸſڣϦͿߵС˳ǫǶš
ĺѼ䣬Ͱѻϡ
ǫ̧һҾС㰲ϳδ룬Ѿʰˡ
歵ͷ߽ȥֻǰһɫ񶼿ʱˣة˻ûлӦǱ˰ɡ
ʱǰһ̣Ŵӹ
ӻǶ֪յҲ֪ζѹƢͳ嵽ﳽ˳һ١
ǵۺˣҲֻܰһЩ
ǫӹĶһ֮Ҫ˵ʱԸ˰ȥѰǧݵ˲κ֥
Ը֮󣬲źͳǫ˵Ҫ˵ʲô
ūžСܺãҲģӣǸûĸεŮ˰ɣǫڵϽԣһļơ
ϲһ£ĲĿôһ˹ȥ
ɡԼ뿪ˣҲڻȥΪѳǫСŰɡ
ǡ




172 
 


歱Ӵʱһյ
һһˮ˵Ĵš
ةˡ歴ڣͷİĽּ˼֡
̧һۣžнСԼƣڡ㣬ɡ
ǡ
歲ûһȾͱˣĿһĿ˸
⡭ϲĳԵġ
ɲΪϲķ˶һôֻһܡةصظ׼ġ
ͷǱһǣķš
ʳԣ˰Թһ緹歾뿪ˣǫ˵ةæúܣȥˡ
ǫǰ뿪ϾͱϦˣλЦеСڣһ
Ϧ㣬˵£Цôˡ
Ϧһüÿ歳
ǸǫСӣҾʣةϲʲôҲǹѯˡ
ǫЦϲ嵭һЩģϲԳʳ̫һл嵭θΪ
歵ͷǫ˵û
С
Ϧһ߿ϸ正˵һߵĳﶼҪȥˡ
ʳǧС㣬ôܻء
ụ̋˵ļʳģȻеۣû£ʱԼӹһŸǼԣ˷ѡ
ǺЦ֮ЩжôһλǧСĵĶԴة˺ø
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һʱ䣬һҡ
ϦͼһҶʱͷˣԺҲˡ
歲Ŷǰϸ۽üҾϲԺһҪúѧһѧǲܼ޸ةˣҲҪѾźˣ
ϳļݵģһȺĺңǫ˵ǰ
ųһھ֪ⲻǳģΪеƫˣҲܽܵķΧ֮ڡ
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СڳһġǫĻش
̧ͷЦЦһ۳ǫڳǫʱ򣬶һ仰ˡ
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һ£ܳԵĵģʱʱмˣȻζȲϳʤڼҳġ
գ类ٽ歴Ϧˣ˵ò˳Ϧʶһ»ʳǷ顣
鷿
¥ʱһӣҲõˡ
μϡ̧һҾ
¥ʱ棬ˣɡ
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̧ͷһ¥ʱѯһ䣬ˣ
¥ʱͷѾٺӱˣ֪׼ѹ´ǰһᡣ
˵ôǳǧ֥ȥģǿȡ˵ôףҲû˭ˡ
¥ʱȥ϶Ҫȥģǧ֥ѵã֪һ䣬ίʵ˷ˡ
һ£뽻˭أ
¿ܺʣ֮ةЭºܷġ¥ʱ˹˵һ䣬һ
վǸвסģҪǲڻʳ棬ַӾܰƿ
Ҫǲҵ飬治ô뿪
ͷǡ
ҵ飬һܶסӢ
ﳽ
¥ʱտϷֽڻ￴һҳһߣվҪˡ
մһ̧ͷӻġ
һ򼸸³꣬ʱ⺢Ӷˡ
¥ʱˣ˵һ᲻ùô𣿡
ɳ˵ˣҲһ棬ûȰ˵ֻвĵĶѾˣȥء
¥ʱӶ˵һ֣СЭڳһܻЭģҲûҪȡ衣
¥ʱסĿ⣬ڣͽ㴦
ͬ𣿡ҲȨԼ֪˳˵
ͬģһپͬˡ¥ʱЦһָ̧ĶӣȺƤ񣬾ܴĥ顣
ַ̧

ӹǫ˵ˣ歺Ϧȥˣ룬ȥһȥ
ߣ歴Ϧһ֣˲ٺóԵĺġ
ǻʳһεĵطȻȲϹľ£Ҳ
ԺĿڡ
ϦЦ˽ȥ
ƹҲǸۼģϦһȹ͵أλߵĹŮ




173 
 

ƹЦӯӯӭȥλҪЩʲô
㿴Цº񿪿ڡ
ƹһ正ȻöãʤʳڣӦλŵڵǧС㡣
ūҲǣʲôľܿڡƹЦſ˵
ϦƽҲȱΣԾԼȥƹѯһЩ顣
ƹ֪Ĵӹ𣿡Ϧһ䡣
ѵó⣬ʱԴСһͬȥùĸƽ
ƹĿ࿴һϦ֪꣬λߵĹˡ
ľ֣Ǵӹ顣
棬ҲҪʺУλӦǻʺǰ˰ɡ

Ȼͻʺǰ˵ˣ
лƹ񡣡ϦЦЦϵĵһл⡣
ƹʾá
ߣһֻ֧һ;úʺةˡ
һߵŮԼһŸةֲףԥˡ
ӴǵմС֧Ӷˣ
һŮһŮӣڳЦжʽ֪մСҪ͸λɰ
歲ͷ䳰ȷŮĿһӾȥλýһ򿴲ߡ
ʺڹ棬Ǹˡ
ǻʺ˲ܸﶪӲѹƢڣý㣬ܻʲôô
ɸûϵڹǰӣǹ֪ǰƢԣ᲻һŭ֮°ɱˣһȦڿ歡
Ϧһ˦ϡ
žž
һƣֱӰˣһ߿ֵҲˡ
ֱˣһԲϾ˦
쵹һ
ϦôһֱΪϦǸģȻǸôܴġ
ɵúã
ūϦ꣬ʺߵˣū澾㸸ĸúù̹ܽܽ㣬֪˵
Ϧ꣬ϱŷ嵽һʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
˽֪Сڹ㣬ڮٻʺԴŮĺɱ޹뱻һ·ϵ𣡡
ϦΨһܵľڮٻʺõһ˰
ŮŮңùһڵϣʱ˿֪
ڹ浱ѾͬգҲһССĹŮ˵ġ
׻˵򹷻ҪˣСߵˣū澻һһʮͬʺ˵
正
˻ŵĸоⲻֻǹǸ
ǫ߽һ۾ͿϦ歡
ţλҪȥҪڹ䣿ǫ̧һҾѯʡ
歿˿Ϧ꣬ȥɡ
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꼱æ׷ȥͿһıӰͷһϾ
˻ʺȥ֮󲻵ñ״
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¥ʱʱ佫˲٣̧գڰĶһǣڣȥɣ㰲ؼһЩĪҪة鷳
ȥ֣żһ£أ
á
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174 Ѫѹ
 

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ѾڣͬϷһ壬ֻбԣɽ𻢵Чá
̧һҾӦúú̥ƽƽ֮أЩгʰ
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ǳ䲻Ĺֱӷļ֮ˣ˳һƣһһķݣСȫѺ͵ǰ
һѹܹһ򣬲ʱ䣬һıѾĻյӻָƽ
ıķ͵ǰš
𣿡տ︧Ŷӣֱߵ϶һЩ顣
ⶼǴһһĽݱ̶̰£췴ķȫɼϯǿ
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һ̧ȥ
¥ʱӰֽһϻӶȥԼȥ
ӹϻӣķĿһϻӾˡ




175 ۺ󳳼
 

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ҪԼߣӦð¥ʱȥǿķﳽ
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ǡҪĸԸģҪںΪȥʱѹ
СĸһߣҲҶ˵һ䡣ɲȥײǹϡ




176 ϴ
 

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177 
 

ǰ£һ۾֪顣
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178 ֮ң
 

֮ң̧ͷĿŵĿ񣬡ûУֻ·ϵˣûʧ㣬ûУ϶ҲŻһ㲻Ů˳ף
šüͷΪʲôɫ˻һᲱϵ
հ֣Ŀ⣬ֳ磬˺һվࡣ
Ǵϯة࣬ȢҲŵԵĴҹССĹϲ㣬Ҳֹ
ƮƮĿ֮ңϣĴ·ڹļֵһĲֵ㿪ڱġ
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歸мĿһգͷ
иһĸͬĵܵܣ񳼸ˣڼίˣϾǸˡ歼ڽЦһǸ಻صĸʧ
ةˣҪѧﾡáԼСӣҲһЩ֮ദ֮
ţˣū澶һЩʳǰϯһʱҲɢˣǳЩӡ
ɡ
ǽʳĶϺͳȥˡ
պ歾һ߳ԣ˳һ




179 
 

֮󣬾͸оԼѧ˺ܶ࣬ԭ֮ҲҪΨΨŵŵԷΪ죬Żһַʽȥദ
նˮһˮ˵ٶ࣬ҲԼѧãǷ֮飬Ǹ˶
ѯ֮ң飬Ϊ֪ǸŮ˶Ѿûаֵвˡ
歵ͷѧġ

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ĪҪüǼƶѣµģָ̇ƽüǳأȡ
˵ţСϸĽͷķժһߣǰѹһȦۼ̾Ϣ
Цһ޷ġ˵꣬վһߵڣ㣬ȥ˱ˮҪԡ
ǡϥһ߳ȥˡ
һߣֳ̧Ŷͷ˲ϲǸӣ
СƢͦõģܼǲ˵ʱ򲻶ࡣ
歵ͷӲģܲϲ
սлԼȥѡźǶȭŹպŴҲġ裬ƣԼԼǲϲѰڴˣαôίԼ
̧ˣ棺´ȥ˵
ȻռͰɨѸȥˡ
ںʲôЦĿ̧ڣڹˣдأ
ȡɫ죬̧ͷȥ񣬵ڣ򣬷
ԡ
ӣˣҲܺĵѪ
ɬĲ̧ͷӣЦ
ͳɤЦ⣬ֱˡ
ĶҪˣ
ˣˮˡ˵һ
̧Ŭ°Σˮˡ
һͬȥԡң˴ԡһ֮£𽵹
˴ʡһǧ֣󡣣
գ硣
ˣҲǳԹ緹֮¡
֪˯صѡ˲ʱ
ճԹŴӹ
صϵһ£ȥѡź򣬲Ȼ̫Ӧˡ
歴ӻʱ֪ԼѾ߳ȥˡ
Ȼû˳ĽӷȥǺܶ鶼ˣӲ֡
㻹Žżȥ˭ҲǸݽɫֱֽˡ
歸״֪Ҳԣп˵
̶ʱ·Ƕꡣ
š
歿׼ĶֱۣӲǼȥһ룬ԻպŸȢ޻ױ
֪歺ͼĹϵãҲͲǿ󣬺ЩóȥҲᶪ档
ոſڡ
ոһСſڵţǵ正ڵ
ةֶ࣬Ůǻʺ歿ǺøȻ񣬲˵ҲǺܲģһ˵õȮ찡
һͣڸſڵʱոĺһأȨĿ
ž·ϵĽݾ
ʱֽҲ
һƽȹһãٽöʺ۾
ةˣⶼʼˣ
歲ǲ֪Щ˼ʵĿ⣬һЦĸ첲ſȥ
ס歵ڣȺһ꣬Ŀ
񵭵ף
һߵλң歶ûڣôԼӵ档
ǣǸҵɫһӾͺѿ
뷢ֲңոǺ޲ðͽϵӣǵոôԼ
룬룬վ棬䡣ոֺǺЦţλŮҲ˼ֺɫ
ͷס歵ֳȥ
ոһ·Ӳ뷽跨̽歵̬ȣκǸϺ֪꣬飬ǲᱻ׳ġ
һߵǰ˿ڸȥ鷿
ǰֻʣһȺŮ졣
ַ̧һ޷ķΣһλϣռλŮЦһ
ˣĸˡǼҴ̾Ϣһһ
һһ߸˵歵Ĳǡ
Ǳ˻ŵӣȷҪ̾Ѱֳ̧򦿴һȺϷŮˡ
ǼŬѹƢɸֵĿڵ㣬ǳӲˣˣ
歿̬ļңǰھˣȻǱӲ
ŵӣ˺޲ô
һ˸бµˣʲôɰģҲӣᱻةᷳģ
ⲻ֪񿴵Ҳ˵ʲôžͻ˵һ䣬ûҵҲ֪ˡ




180 ӲТ
 

һȺ˱ȴֲ˵ʲô
ǰھˣܰΣ
ǵة࣬ةĻʺһƾͿʼĿˣŰɣԺ޵ӡ
ŶˡֶһߵĲյĿǸңҼҵܵܣͷģԻȥةฮ˵ˣӼ࣬պҲܳͷعҫ档
ҵɫ΢΢һüڣǲװɣ
ǰӷγȥʱĳͷˣĶӿɸô죿
ô֪ܲҴʲô⣬һڲˮЦſڣﲻ֮Ҫϲĸʱûôྫ̣ܽҲΪ˺￼ǡ
΢ӿǽ˺޵ҧгݡ
ҿ正Ŀ·Ǵδʶӡ歴һƱĹӣǲ򵥡
ǹǸõط
⣬ûҲ㸸ͬ⣬Ͼǵӡ̾һոȥ
ЦЦסļڽͺðˣѾ͸˵ˡ
񿪿ڵ飬ոвͬ
ΪĹ;Ůʲôȫ١
Ŀһ˲
һ正Ǵĺܰ
ʲôǱŷӰˣ
歲ͷһߵĴĸЦý˻ʺĸţ
ĸɫһ䣬˵ʲôʱƿڣǸˣһڼȤ׼ҽ㡣
֮ǣ˵ע㣬ǿʱȥʺǶ״ʱǼи̣ɾͲܹˣ
ĸһ正С˵־ޣӣܲʱ
歿ҳĴĸǽһ찡
ý㵨ӿ󰡣Ȼҵڮ˴󲮸ͱ˹λɡԹ˵ţŴĸγˮɫޱȳ졣
뵱꣬ĸĸ׵ģĸƢãֵüɹˡ
Ǹ꣬ԼĸĸͿɾ۸
ô
۸ϰˣ
浱ǸûƢˣ
ýˣպǲҷҡЦҲ˶Ⱥø
⳰Ū˼ֱҪ̫ԡ
ĸֱķ뿪
Ҽ״ڣĳܰأ
һ޹ĿҿûĸԼ¶Ҫ뿪
ǽƱ磡ҳָ𣬶ҷ˵ļӡ
Цһ˹ΣĸŮ۸ңѲҾͲܻˣ
ᡣ
˵Ҳǲְұý۸ʱɴδͷôҴ䶼𣿡
ŮӼһҪһЩ֮αںôءҿĵĿڡ
ҿǽﵱһţȴҵ׹Ůʲô˵˲۸𣿡Ҳǲ˰
𣡡ҲһֻŶӣһŭ⡣
ʲô﹩ţⲻǸԭһ𣿣
俴żң緹ǳԲȥˣ
һߵʶȤ뿪ȥ
ûһոһǰһľˡ
ոü正ھǳ𣬡ʲôأĸ˵䶼ˣŮҪӵģ
һʳӸף
Űʱ˵ÿ㣬ھˣҶҲҿȥ״㣡
Ŀڣ꣬šüͷչƬ̡
ߵ̧ıĪ
治ŮոݣǺŭ֣ȴҴȥΪ
ТײȰŮҲûҪТ˳
ͣ߳ŭոĮڣհҴˣ
߰ɡ正кհȥ
հһԼҸףŭԼҽ㣬Щʧֳ̧ԼҸһҾ뿪
ոһȺ뿪õɴ۾Ŵֱ歺հ治Ů
һ߿ţ︡һ˿óѵЦ⡣
հҲүˣպռҲӵ
ȥο䣬˳һ歽ܺĹϵȻոƽһµոַӸ歽ˡ
ߣհҲ֪֮ģ»ķˡ
档
歹Ĺĵġ
ӣһ歵Цʲôأ𣿡
ͷߵ㿴Ǹ׵𣿣
̾һֽڻ棬ͻֱλĲ䵱ס




181 ׹
 

̧ͷĸ𣿡
˵ﻹǹµʱ򣬾ǧٳһ
ͷǰõĶգλױȽϣ֮𡣡
һĽ󣬵ֵõһС
˵ûί̧㷢ίԼ֪𣿡
ûίֻµʱ򴫳˵Ϣ歿ڣǲǸˣ
ҡͷڣûУ޸ҾЩǰһ
ͷһں棬ȴ÷һůůɢȥ֫
ϲ˰ᡣ
л󡭣Ŀ⿴Ŀ
ȻʧЦ
ȻλźʧܣǣǷ֮
ʮµס
歲ٰ꣬ǽһ֣ȥ䣬Ǻˡ
ŵƽʣ
ҲûֹǮҲȱҸϺܾûֹˣôһҲǺܲģٶ˼
棬Ҳæޡ
ӣյҲ¸£ΪĶӴˣ糯⣬¥ʱ϶Ҫ߿ţȻʵڲġ
ĭҲǱ¥ʱˣο
ˣֵõһС
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һϦղδϯز㡣
¥ʱ¶һͻȥˡ
ҹ¥ʱںԺ߶ƻͨӳŰѩҹл̻
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ԹͻˣǸûؼˣҲҪ¥ʱƵĲ߶
檰סտһˣת޵ȥ
ӰǶʱҪϢ
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վͲſȵȻĲӰȻʵӵ𣿡
¥ʱͷգתкԽ㣬ŮĻԽ巡
̧ѯʣǸ巣ǳĳ
ͷǸ巡¥ʱֽǰ鷢һߣµСӦõһС
Ҹյ˵һ䣬ŵĽ
巣ֻһ־ֳ¥ʱء
ȻҲֻѷһ
¥ʱֽ˷ſԼ棬˳㷢˵ݼڰˡ
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ſı棬Ŀⰵ
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ձһ

Ŭѹ¹ռйǷ
¥ʱôı֪֪
﷢һ飬ֱֵ
λϣŹڵϿ޵Ůˣֲ̧Ŷͷ
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ϥһкȥ˳ס޺ĵͣȴһ˵
յĴӣǶӿίʵˣӻʺҲˡ
֪Ǿ˻ʺ̥᲻ᷣǰ
򵥵ĺ˵һľ
֮ԻִأΪǣ˵ǣգɡ
أ׹ơ
ոǸĿߵһˣ棬ͻѳһӵżлյżʱǰŵòᣬԲžﳽա
֮󣬿ż̶ڲ¡
һżǰһǾµżĵǲ˴
̧һӣ˾ͱˡ
ԩԩ˰˼Ӷѧˣˣɺ
ĮˣżΪʲô
⣬⡭Ҳ֪˿˼ͷԩûһá
ôûһ޹ؽҪ⣬ҪֱߵĲյʱ˶
һۡ
²˴ҽȥҲҲԹ˵ţδյ
ն˶ֻһֶյһڣҽ𣿡
ҡҡͷڵǵûУҽǻרҽ벻
շ²յһۡ
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182 
 

ȥ׷ˡǲŻ׼뿪
ҺɩӾסڷﳽĶҲ˲١
ʺ찡˼ҪˣæŲȥһקסȹڣɺڡ
հקȹһûվֱӵڵϣץסȴһϡ
ʺ


ôӵʱ䣬ʱˡ
ջŶüڵϣס۵
ӺȻһʹһֵĶ˶棬۵Щʡ
Ǿһһ߿ˣǰҪȥ
ճڵϣ˻ڵŤˣ
ŵûж٣Ƕۣۡ
˱ߵĵһߣĿ֡
ˡ
ˣ
㼱æһͬСĲ
ȫǿǿվ
һߵȥңվԭ޴롣
սüͷŤͷһߵĹĺϽȥҽɶŸ
ϼݵ
Ǳң¥ʱŸߺ߽һȺΧסգֱϽŰѼ·߿
׵ɫŲɫ¥ʱĿȻһ
ӹգֱֽ˱޵ȥ
Ǽ˼æȥˣֱӱ棬һߡ
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¥ʱһƽݣһʱȻ
㶼ҪˣƽͲ
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ʹ̵ӣ۾ҧ޲ھͳȥ˿ɼΡ
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Ȼȥ¥ʱΪʲôĻ֮˲ˡ
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Ϧ꣬ȥƹҲĻ֮ˣҲûˡ¥ʱ˵
Ϧϥһ񣬡ū
ƾ⼸Ѿ߶յģ˿϶ֲ˺ô
ûһǼĲҽǽ˲
һصǶ϶һŬԼĴڸУԼײǹͷϣΪһˡ
ȫʶȤĳȥϦѪޱȵֶΣȻǸֶοˡ
ǣǡ楡һſڵϣ˿Ŀ
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Ϧһ¥ʱڵū˵׹֮˵ҲǹƶǹƶĻ㵹ǻġ




183 λӣ
 

¥ʱ˫ֽĦĴָϵİָ
ûһ˽ϥһ󣬰վһߡ
ӣȥ¸ƶĮòٰػĵ˺һݣ鲼֫
ԾԾԣɫɷ׵ŮˣºһЦ
ǸЦ
㳯¥ʱϥһ۽üҴɷϣūѾ˹ƶ
楿Ź㣬δоʲôʣЦûп㲻¶ģ
㹴ЦָħƵĴһָ
ĿȻնеĿڣϣǳõ׹ʺ檰Ľ϶꣬ɻȴ࿴һۣ檲İ
Ϊʲôͬǵ˪
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ڣǾǻ󣡣Ҫڣ⽭ɽҪٵҲΪ˻룡
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Ƿ˰ɣ
ٺôš
ʺʱɣʱѹεȵĽӢ۰
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¥ʱЦһ߱ɱѹ楶ʱѹ
һŮ˻ٵĽɽ
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ⲻ˵ģ
ʩ㲻ˣָ֣Ź㾪ֿڡ
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ζ˳źȥȻ˳ŷθӿ
ɹصҲָһЩ

ô֣ĭ಻ȥ¥ʱĿ⣬
Ƶ棬վӡ




184 ֻ˯ˣ
 

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ĭӵݸǺ󿪣ʼϴ塣
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¥ʱֻһӺ鲼ȫǰŴ齵Ůס
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ϡ
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¥ʱԭѾô˰
ϣɡ̧һҾĭһྲš
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¥ʱֵղϵĴϸ۲һ£Է΢΢
ûһ˿һʬ塣




185 
 

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εȵô°һˣڵһֻ֣˵ԼһǻŨ顣
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Ѫ˿һѪɭ쳣ұ

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ǸٵǣһŲµˣҪôˣôأ
˭ɽ˭ļ˭һ˫Ů
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ˡ
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¥ʱˣԼʧ̬һ
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186 ֻһ
 

ղĿһ¥ʱðɣ⼸춼ߣȫûǸȥȺˡ
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ⷽѾãʵӲϴĻָκЩ˲šĭʼʾź
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187 Ϸˣ
 

ϴɾͷմԡһȳһյ߳
ϣҽƽ˵һ䡣
¥ʱ̧һȳһյˣǰֲһѣɡ
ǡ
ղͱҩ߽ˡ
밲֮󣬰һ½״Ťˣָĺܲ
óƺõҩ׼ջҩ
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬Ϊ߶ҲҪﶣһ䣬һٵҩҲҪʱȣҩ̫Ӻ͹
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һŰıӰĥʦֻ˰ɣǻأ
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л֮һߡ
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ó۾ϡЦһ
˵Ůף¥ʱŮϵֵĺܺá
ЦЦ˵˴ĶžǸֲӵҩģԼһЩ




188 ţ
 

һ·ţ廨˿߶ǲ˿ϸܣͼÿҲ塣
ɡտһ䣬·ݸ㣬ʱϴӴ
ЦЦҲֻһ߻õóˣϲպһЩ
ã⵽ͺˡտһ歵ĶӣһЦԺĸףеǻ
歼Ŀ⿴ĵطɫһӱ죬ŤһڣŽ³ͷܵĸˡ
΢΢һ㶣ߴӣϲЦ°Ͻţȱʲô˵ǣɩһ˸ةһ
ǡǿһ正۽üϲϥһͳȥˡ
ãةҲҪˡ
֪᲻ܸˣ
⺢뱾ͬһ㣬ǱˣͶֶ
Ⱳ֣ҲǲɵЦԷǡ
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ϲӣǴ˴¸ӾͺˡԼƽ̹Сڡ
ס歵֣ڵʵŮҲãĸĻԺҲίһɾ֮Ůʲôأ
歲Ŀգذ׵裬˵ϲŮҪиŮ϶᲻ޡ
ɳ񳼸һ±ںլߵط
ĸײ֪һϺӾҪʼԺҪΣСʳסдҵɼңȢӡ
歲ҪŮҲŮ˺һĹһѹأֱںլ档
ףҲ⡣
ģԼҲҪˡֿڡ
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򴽵ͷ
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¥ʱ˵ƫģ񵽵˭ƫģ
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¥ʱڴϣȻһƷ˿档
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һȻͷȴײ¥ʱ򦡣
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189 
 

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šüͷ֮ң񣬡˵˵ܻة
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ˣôܻϹôһĿŮ˵ˣ
Ǽҵ㻵Եú
ӵյĿ⣬ǰǸӡ
֮ңûһһͺͷ




190 ϵ
 

˽̣֮ͥȻߵĹⱾС㣡СĲģ֮ңվȥա
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񶼲ǵҲЦŵȥ˳Ҳλ¡
аɡٲȥ¥ʱҪˣʱ򱻴ȥɾûӿˡ
ſڡ
ոմͿ¥ʱ
һ𺣬ʶȤСܹȥˡ
ϴϵͦġ
ָ̧һԱڣҪȥҲ㣬´ܲܲҪǽôҲǸʺ˵ȥඪˡ
Ÿռ과ӣ˵ʺ﷭ǽˣһӵ飬ЦԷǡ
ⶼĸ׵ˣôʱҪ찡
ǽ
歲գǰһ
߲ţԭŶûֱ߰ӷǽôʺĸ׵
̧ţ֪ͣˡ
Ҫóȥαس²ء
歿ǰһԷޣЦίʵ̵ࡣ
˵ģ̯ϻʺӣˡ
ﳽ
ӹ巣Բ۾ϵɫͳһƬͷ˵ССʱһģһ
տ¥ʱ㣬һ߳ŵģز񱾹С̰˯úܡ
أ̧ͷǷѯʣǺܲȡ
š
˵¥ʱĺ뽫巵ĵκѾΪʱ
ңһ飬վҪװģҪޣҲޣӵʱ۾Բȥ
׵񲻹գСˡ
µʲôЦһ䣬Ų޲ֵСϲĲˡ
¥ʱ˼˵ֻة²°ɡ
״֪ԲʲôԢˡ
ԲСյ˽⣬£ҪôԲԲҪôš
¥ʱĿһգڵš
ꡪЦҲһЦ
̧ЦһŵķбǣЦʲô
㵱С֮ˡ˵ҲǲϾıְǶ
¥ʱһԼ˵˵Ļ˵ˡ
֧һЦЦ֮⣬ֶðҪǲϲ
¥ʱݸ㣬Ƴһˣɡ
֮ɷµģһ䣬ΪĸˣԺһ𵷵
£ǰ顣
ڷﳽһˣǰ˺öණ
žһЩ·ΣӴ˶٣˺ܶ಻ĸǣʡĶѻڿⷿҡ
歵Ǻϲ֮˵ûԼĺá
һ仰ʱ歿Ļŭš




191 
 


ճȥһη˽һ֮ң顣
֮ңѹʱһɫȹ̫ʦ棬һʢİɫľȻȹ档
֮ңһ޵Ŀա
ɫãͷһҺķͣϻɢŵζ
߹ȥΧתһȦ̧һģԼҵŮ˭ȻΪ
֮ңĿ¶֣ô֪Լ
ɴδһ֣Ϊʲô֪
㣬㲻ҫ㲻֮ң˻ڣƷ䷢
һСĹôܻ֪壬ⲻգܻգ
𴽽һЦĳЩ˵治ǵա
֪ɶˣƩ磬ѾϵļˣǾǱڻʳ棬ǵļƻ׼ٳв뱾
֮ңղǼޣľ֡
Ȼһֲ©İǵļƻ˵⻹𣿣
ǳ߽һߵϵ֮ңĿϼֺϥһ񣬡Ѿܻˡ
ǵĻ£ѹżȹŮ߹
֮ңĿǼϤף̶̧ͷգԼʵ޿ֵĿڵǲҶҶֵģ
кβңίʵ֪֮ңĵǴĶģȺȫɱˣҲԼҡ
Ⱥ˻βһɱһ
ᱻȺ֮㲻ɱҵģ㲻ܸϯ鷳֮ң˻ߵŭš
²һǴŮˣ
չһЦϵָҪϯһ˾ܴȺҶˡ
վһߣĿ֮⳰ңһȺԼˣֻҪһ£ūȥ̤ƽȺظ壡
̫ˣʱҪһ½ǡ
֮ңЦĿպǣֻ
תǴ¥ʱֹĻ͸Ĺ⿴ŵְŷ飬˼
Զ֮еĸӴ󰡡
Ǿ֮ܣҪȥһȥˡսЦŵ
˵ǡһ񣬰վһߡ
ǵļ򣬡߰ɣȥӣʱе㳤ˡ
ǡ
ղת߹ȥһ·Ϳ¥ʱȫ
߰ɡ¥ʱ֡
ִڴ֮ϣ˳ȥ
ģ˶û˵
ʮߡ
̫Ӻҫ¾ϯ
һᳫݳ޵ĵۺһ˴ϯ
ֻҪһ²ܸϻ
λϿŸλ廨ţʽ
С¶ǱһȦͱȥˡ
̫˼ҿλ£С޳ǽһüĿ㣬һ֪һˡ
һ̫˼ҶǶֱֺǡ
¥ʱûۿˡ
ôɵͷӿ϶ʦ
ϣϲһҪ׸ϡ
¥ʱ̧ȥǸӦǷַ⵽ԭȵ˹Ǳߵġ
һü
̫ӹ¾ϯϲǣ¥ʱʮа˾ŶǸŮˡ
Ҫ¥ʱۿȥҪǾԼˣô¿Իһˡ
ýֺһ룬֪ʲôö
ǸɫŤһ£ҧҧĵĿڣϣǸ޽еıĲ𣿡
ϣɡЦſڡ
˼ֶںˣȻҲҪʲô
¥ʱ俴ΣӦһ
һæ
ȻƮһɰ㡣
£ƻƹ㡣
һλŷɫȹŮһ˫ˮӯӯǻ˵һ㡣ֻ㣬ԽԽͿ֡
ֵ̧Ƕıʯ⡣
һƽҹ佫ЦڵƽƽһŮӣʲôȲϻʺһָء
յֶΣǸڨڨЦЦʺ£һȻǱȲġ
СҴҲǾ޽УҲڶ
ŵţ¥ʱһҾڵ֮ϵ԰ղ͹Ҫһ˳ҡ
¥ʱĿ⣬֣ЦſڵŵȤϣȥǰź򣿡
㡣¥ʱڣԼֳ
֪մʲô⣬ɲˬ
ʲôèƸҲһ³Եףֵôȣ
ȫûûз
οһˡ
⻹ϣԴأ²Դ׿ҪѪġ
ǵĴϲѪãҲѹѹƢǡ




192 Ҳ
 

¥ʱͬˣʱϲüңﲻԾϼư
ɣ˻ǹ˹ء
ˣ¥ʱ֮Իͬ⻹ΪȿڵģԼһֱֵȱȱ
ŮҲǸǵˣ֪˭ϥһ񣬡ūܰߵлʺ䡣
ֵܰǸ֣ǲ֪ˡ
ˡ
ϯ֮ʣ¥ʱ˵죬ʹˡ
̫һԼСӣǲɣ︡һ˿⣬ҡͷ԰뿪
ﳽ
նһۺӣͱ¥ʱϵ޵
һأ淢ʲô֪
վſţԼͬĬĬԶ
ûһǹˣյĵųĬƬ̣ɤڣ㣬ҹ͹λ£ҹ
ǡӦһĿбӵĳȥ
ûһȫˡ
šһüͷǿѯʵôˣ
ԼȫһվŬŬԼ
̧ȥüͷôˣ
ǰź˵˻Ƕ͵ǶȫЦһûаֺøС
һüȫӣôһ˵ģǣλܰʲô顣
ū澼ǹùãܹܡܰϥһԼԾϼ⡣
վڼ֮⣬ҲǰֺǼˣʹһȹվǶͤͤһζ
һ֪ȫķôˡ
Խ崿޺ŮˣݶԽ£ԽǱֵóˣȫĽ䱸ľͻԽǿҡ
رк⣬ģӦĻš
еǧĵŮǰ棬ĶԾ
ȻȫǶ뵽һĿһǣҪҹ
ǵͷһܰȣǸܹܣҪȥϢҺ󡣡
аɣȥ¡ȫ˦һ·ֱˡ
ĬĬվһߡ
ܰǰ˼ͺվһ漴ƺ޵һЩ
⡭
ܰĽëһ㡣
ʺܳ裬ӣöڻˡ
ǰź򣬲ĲҪܿĲҪǵڣδֳ⣬һǰէһ
ǣū澶лǹù㡣ܰһЦݣĿмĿǣϵЦݴָɾ
Ǵ
ԭ޺ڼŮ·ߡ
Цݣǡôܲȡһ˵ϲ
Ϻ͵ˣױˡ
ò˵ⷪ
վʵȤԣܰ˵ݶһЩ޹ؽҪķ顣
ǵֻӺ̸ܰ
ʱʱðһ⣬Ȼ޹ؽҪҲ׵ԼҪϢ
ܰ뿪֮ĿⶢǣĴָǽίʵСĸʰ·磡
ǽ㵱ˣͰʮ˴׳ˡ
ֵ̧ŶͷûڣûУϽȥ˯ղˣ
֡Цеˡ
ֱҡͷȥһߵϢ
ա
¥ʱ糿һˣȫǶ֪ûʲôҪʱͻȥˡ
һ춼û
ԭں⼸
ڲҪôǸ²˴
Ǽ˼죬Ҫտ⣬ۺȫҪź
죬¥ʱն޵˻죬ʲôȫö˵
ҿ¥ʱ洺Ӿ֪ˡ
ֱȥͣĴӴϹ
һŴͻ˫ȷ
ʱǿԼҵˣֲò˵ӣЦױ
¥ʱˡ
ֽ˶״˾Σ˵СǼһ㶼Ϊ
һǲʧܵ֡
ģʱܻ´̫ˡ
տͭƿڣǣȫΣ
һϷʶӵĿ⣬ɫ죬
ĸĶģǡ
㶼ǵĸˣôôأ
ǣղͷЦúЦ𣿡
ʹҡͷһĿڣЦЦū澴ˡ
ζһ
ȥһӣڲһٰݵ緹
¥ʱ³ȥ鷿⼸ջǶѻ˲
˵ͲˡС̫ԴսսĿڣԵʲôˮޡ
ãҲˡ
շĶбһǸС̫࣬ȥҲˡ
С̫ྪ㤵ĿգȥֻǲҪͷ˰ɣ




193 ᲻µ
 

ǰһӣļƳȥȥɡ
ǲᣬǻ᲻ᱻǣ۾Ͳ֪ˡ
һߵǸ޼ָףڹеͲ»Ϸ𣿡
ԼЦһڣȥѹŹˣ˭Ұ¥ʱŽȸˡ
һߵĬĬӦһȥԸʺ
ֻϣʱϲҪǣǣϾҲֻǷ¡
鷿
С̫սս˵֮󣬡ͨһڵϣ顣
¥ʱϵӣƵĿڵȥɡ
յƢ֪ģǶѷﳽŸ˰֮⡣
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ȫŲյڣϣʺѷﳽŹˣԲûȥ
Ȼһһ׼ǲ֪ڸİ
ȥ߻ʺ󣬹Ҫȥغţʱֲţ¾˰Ÿˡ
ȫӦһһѺͼææȥˡ
ۺ󶷷Ҫ꼰ˡ
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¥ʱѾˣĿϢһ׼ȥﳽ
ܰŵһλǰź곤߽ſĿˣһ¡
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ܵһ˿һģЦݣˡ
ϣ跿Ĳ㣬곤һЩĹ˵
Ǿηһ˿Ծľ¡
¥۾ȥ˲ŷɱܰһŵѣһͰ̸ˡ
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̤ܰ鷿µůϣһĸо
ǸܰҰײҰ׵ӣ˼úõһﱻҶ͸ϣǿɱ
һ䣬һ²е˼ĵһӿԸʵġ
ū֪лụָ̀ūԺᾡľźϵġܰԹɵĿڡ
곤ĹĬֻ˵һ䵫Ըɡ
˼Ĺ̫ˣ˶֪Ǿֻûнķɶ˻
ܰ̾һǣһܵıϹĶĻĻġ
¥ʱȥˣ

սӵ¥ʱ˴ĵĻʱѾ˯ˡ
֮Ĭ˰ΣڴϳԴڣȥŴ򿪰ɡ
ǡ
һյĹĳ˾ͳʵ
ͦģ񶼸Ұѹ¾֮ˡ¥ʱڴߣһ˯⣬̧־һԱȥ
һ֣㲻ڲ
ȥѺӱնǰһۣ¥ָ̧ȥࡣ
һſϣνűһһš
Ǻ͹һ˱һӽͿһ
λ²Ǹɣ
¥ʱһۺ˯ĺӾǱȥˡ
ˣ¥ʱִ̧ϲ᲻š
һ飬̧ͷΣİĿ⣬ʱ޹ԵˣҴˡ
¥ʱЦڣˣҪҹ𣿡
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𣿡¥ʱڵȫĵӰ
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¥ʱһ⣬һڣԺ󻹸Ҳҵģ
ˡ
¥ʱ˵ӣɵЦûһ⣬ùô㣿
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Ӻ档
¥ʱŶһ߾űӾ迴գ޳ָḧǹĵط
ԭͬĸ˵ĸоĶһ
գǸ𣿡¥ʱָ̧ķʡ
Ⱳ᲻µǸˡչڱ棬ס֣ȡ¶ȡ
¥ʱ㲻֪޷ˡ
ҿˣΨ᲻㡣
һ˫ٵһﾡӰ¥ʱҪԼһһᰮġ˵ţȥı
µһ졣¥ʱֱһڻ档
ⱲӶȲˣֻҪԼߡͺá
ĺ֪ܶ࣬Щѵõ֮á
һֻ࣬ƽ˳޲֡
ջסıʱŵˣڹô޷¡
ÿοҹﾪѶڻĺȻԼеҲ޶˸еһ˿
ȥһˣѧȥһˣܹ˵һǻ顣




194 ߾
 

Ѿ׼ˡ棬忪˵
˵꣬ӭͬĿ⡣
ǲ֪Ϻﵥ
Ŀ⣬ʱͲŷӦˣԼǱǸˡ
һǽ㣬߯ˣźһߺ޵ûж٣Ρ
̧ͷֻԼʲôûü
ﴫյ壬ױ
ǡ
һĸ첲Ⱦͽȥˡ
޵ﵹûʲôһڴ߿ڸµûû˵ʲôȴ޶˽˾ܰ
ǰְһͬ
ϴ֮һ򵥵ķ٣ֻһ֧Σͺ¥ʱһͬȥˡ
ԷʱȫżӼܺ
ϣ߾
ȫ˫ֳʵܺǰһ·ܳϸ
ղͷŷ¿Ӳ˲ֲŴȫӹżʲݵּʶһšü
פر߾ţֹѾͳֹ֣ѾԽɽ߽սһ˫ˮ𡣡
սһҳֽһߣڶҳ
ͶճףǩԼʱ׼ǧ͵նɱ
սŷ⼰ֽŵݸȫӼԷ
޶ԵˣȫҲãȻˡ
⣬⾿ôһ£
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Īǡ
ϣźм٣ȫ͸оԼһɽ
¥ʱ극ſڵŸʺӣҲᵽ˳Ҫͳݡ
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ֹͳ£ֹĵչѾ޵˳ڱ߾սҲģֻǲ֪ǲźԣҷһ
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¥ʱԵӺ󣬸ʢһ˵˵ᷢʲô
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ԼѾɽҺ֮ңأ׼һԱͽ
УܶͶ˴ϯͻ͵ֻͻʱȺ֮Ϸֻ֣κһֱҲֻͻʱ
֪¥ʱΪҪĽŲ̹һΪԼҵ˺ûᡣ
һ߶еĺ֣һִ¥ʱǴ֡
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֪ŮΪĸǿ
𣿡
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ΪʲôһԼǱĴ
²ж
úõһŮɱһȺүǵδ棿
ʱʱʱ̱̿Եӣ˵ˣҪɱ˵ѪҲǿѹסˡ
Ŀ⣬¥ʱĪĬһ£ȢģһʺɱɱҪȺ佫Ծ𣿡
ճĬһ£Ǻе㲻ף̲ס
¥ʱ̧ԴôӲ飬ԣͺʱ㣬һڹһ
ûѱ䣬Ҫȥһ˱߾ֹ¾Ҫñ׼
Ҳ˳һЩͼµĹҡ
ʱͻצΪϯ۸
ݸЦȥɣ檺ͺϣʱܸϵһơ
֮ǰһϵϡ
ҹ֮󣬷ú´˰ޡ
ա
պ¥ʱһͬȥ˽ǵ
֪¥ʱҪȥս̫˼ҲðѺק˼
ˣͲԼ
ϣ۳佫ϲ׺αأֹ̫һֻQƣԴϯȫ첻һ˿в
˭һֹսʤ·ΪһƷ
̫Ȼ
Ҫ̫ˣԼͳ蹷˭أ
ϸ˼һ£ʱ򽫷ʹ棬Ҳģ˺֮ǣ˵һ£ʮֹڻ¡
ǰһ̧һҾϣóȥɡ
ɣ̫һСקһ۵쿪ڣǵԼĹһةȥɱɱɺͳףȥ߾ܷģ
񽻹ֵ佫档
̫ˣ֪ة྿Ǹʲôı̬
˫ȫͲ˵ˣҪֵܺʹ󽫾ּвܡ
ģǻܸһĹһ㶼




195 ޶
 

¥ʱѵõĸ̫˼ҵĻ
̫ǣةףةͰĴھ档
һתе㲻ĵĿڣϣ糼ȥɣ檱֤һֹ
µĽǵе롣
̧̫ϵķźӵһٴΰԼĺӾһ
ոʲô
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⵽ȢһλʲôŮӰ
ҪҪô
ûһ·
ԾԾԵӣ¥ʱֵ̧ԼĶͷ
Ȣһʲô˰
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һȺ佫Ŀλ˼ңĿԹܡ
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ѵͷɿڣǲȴǿɲ磬˾ͶˣȫȨʺ׿һͬ
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⡭ǡʺô֣ǼҲ͸ˡ
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Ϊҩ巰˯ȥһĶãһ˵ųһ߻ʱʱĸһ¶ȡ
ʱû¼ƣҲֻ͸ԣһ˫һ̽ͷ֪ǲǷա
ʱҲð
ѾʱˣѾã͸λȳһЩڼ޶ɡ
Űɡս巵ݸǣԼĸ첲
ͷͿԼҵġӣԣ־ӡ
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196 
 

Թ緹һ˼̸޶顣
˷ִڶÿһ˶Ǹִһʣ඼ǺԺԺʿ̲˵ǣҪôһ
ȫ߽ûɼֵ̽úεġ
ȼλ
˾һŷȫˡ

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ʰ̲ϵֽű֪ʺ޶ϵҲܼ
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197 ƽ
 

۾Ů˾͸ڼӣɷƴӣ
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ԺʱţŮӵĵλߡ
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198 ִ
 

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199 
 

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200 ˳
 

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201 Ⱦ
 

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ղͷ˦ֶ˴󲽽ȥյһһ
¥ʱ߽ȥչü˼ĿڣԴ󡣡
վžƱڵеģҲǺܴ󣬴һûմͻȻͺܲ
¥ʱһߣֳ̧򦿴ȾƵӣ΢΢һУȻְѾƺߡ
һʱûӦ΢΢۾¥ʱƺΪʲôҪԼľơ
ˣʱʱȾҲǲС
ձžյһ䱸Ŀ
ίʵ֣һһֺô
¥ʱбһ䱸Ůյƺȣ۵Ŀ˹ڣ㲻ǺȾˡ
ûСջڼ֮£ίͰ͵Ŀ
¥ʱƿĿڱ𴦣ûá
˵˵û
ҪβŻӦ۰ͰͿüζȥƺ
¥ʱ︡ζ㲻ι£ίʵܲѡ
װװ
һѾƺ꣬¥ʱľƺһߣק˳ȥ
󡣣
һҹΡ
ǵ
ϵˣٳӶһ㱣û˯
ʲôʱģ
ΪʲôûнӵһϢ
¥ʱһڣľͷʲôû˯ѣ
Įѹòһ顣
Ȳң
ȫۼĿڣ࣬˳
Ҳûʲô£ʺĶܺãϣעһ飬䲼ȥҲܺá
չһЩ飬¥ʱһһҲûʲôմĺܺá
ǿԣִҲǲУڹԣһʱ䡣
Ҳǲʵʵģô˦ָأ
̫Сӿڣŵ˼ǻȻˣûʺӣʲôı˦֡
Ҳ̫˽¥ʱž֪¥ʱϲ˦ƹıʡ
¥ʱĿͷӰΣӦһҲû˵ʲô
̧һҾϣǱǲʹ
Żӵ飬¥ʱ俪ڣ
̧һҾ󽫾ܽ飬ʹ飬ǲ
ҲˣЪЪʱ䣬ҲⱼãҪôѹեͶָ̫Ҫ顣
ַӾ¥ʱ⻰˼
սǱȻģǲôףúúõΪһ³˭ǳ֮Σ顣
ּһúáдǣöӵöʱư
̫ۺӣһЩ飬ڵϣΪպòҪʲô߰ĶŪûƵġ
ö˶˵һô˾Ůɫأ




202 
 

¥ʱĬһĬĬյĹ¾ÿС
һβ˼ҵòӶþ֮ǰʹ˼ͼﵽǵЧɴδ¡
̫˼Ұһ̧ۺӣڵϣҲ࣬ͻ˵һ˵һ¡
¥ʱʶü̫źͰڣ̫˵ʲô
̫΢΢̾һ̧һҾ˵ϣ׵ˣ̫ӵº͹»С߱ɱֻλµĸպ˼С
˵¥ʱҲǵһˣδζɶûһЧֻϣλǣһ»ϡ
¥ʱڣ֪ˡ
ǣһǻô
̫֪¥ʱһױһףΪοĿ
糯
¥ʱȥʱջϢ
ǼҴҶ¥ʱմ޵Ҳûȥգϥһ񿪿ڵϣ̫ӵ·ˡ
ˣ
Ұ¥ʱ˵ֱ֮ǵ޵
¥ʱûнȥ
¥ʱʱŵļӣ˷׷׹ڵϡ
¥ʱǰ㱧ڻһߺģ̧̽̽ͷ¶ȡ
¥ʱһ߼ɵļˣ߱ɱһš
ʱ򼲲֮¥ʱӹӣȥһ
ǣΪʲôô಻ɵ˽¥ʱǵãǺ͹ȫȨЩˣ˭֪ǵƤ֮²ʲôġ
ϥһ񣬲Ŀڣϣ⼸˿ǰźģ˵ֽܳԿࡣ
¥ʱ˼һ
֣
Ǵסļϥ˵öԣλˡ
Ҳ֪ǵ˺˵ķԸֱﲻ䵱ĸףλ²Ͳ˵ˣλ³̣̬ȼǿƵİ⼸ȥƽ
ô˵²ұӽʮӰɣ
¥ʱΪʲôղ˵˵
ɲʲôίȫӣӶȻ顣
ɻ¥ʱŰϡ
֮źӳ¥ʱ˵ˣ̫ӵ»ᷢðġ
ɤӵĿ¥ʱڵտ̫ӵ²ȫȥҹЧȣ
ϥһſڵȺ˵ȥҹ
ǵüۣһ⡣
¥ʱȷ֮ȥ鷿ӡ
ӣҪʱˡ
¥ʱ׼ȥﳽʱһװŲ
ūμϡϥ֮󣬽Ĳһߣ¥ʱϲŭӣڣϿҪţ
ǰȫʲôʱֵһԽѯأ
ˣҪȥ¥ʱϾµĲ㣬ֺðЩһСʱϲԵġ
֪˶ǻ
ǰϲԵģھͲһϲˡ
ƺ֪ȵĿڣ̫ӵˣüͷʺ̫һЩûӣūḻūȥʺǰɣ
¥ʱĮĿһ֣ϵǣôһ¡
ֱ¥ʱһɨĮĿ͸޾⣬һţоЩõİ鶼ϡ
ź¥ʱҲǺܾˣҲȵסһ
Сܲ¥ʱ˵һ䣬⵹ͦƫ̻ʺ
Ƴһ¥ʱɫСĿڣ֪ǰҲ𣿡
ŶյûҲ̫ء
̾һڵ˵ΪʺųͺԹ²ŵ˵գ²֮޵ңҲæŴ
ĵĻȫĨգһȨѬֻ˳ŮŮˡ
˵¥ʱ۹ȥ;˵Ҳõ˵£
ỳ滵ӣǺĵĺȫܵġ
ͷԹǿԵġ
һ︡ϼְɫ϶Իʺƫĸࡣ
ϣūҲ˵ﲻáȱ̬ȣֵ֮κֻǳ̣̿ɲﰡ
ū˵仹߳һ٣ϣˣūϸλѰɡ
¥ʱŹڵϴе֣Ĵָϵİָ
ղιúӳ̵ҲЩ鶼ԸģΪһĵĸף
¥ʱ뿪ʱҲûùڵϵ;Զ׼
¥ʱ뿪֮һȳһյվǶ񶾡




203 ժһ
 

鷿ȫ٣¥ʱЦһĶʧ
¥ʱ鲻ãȫҲȥλùͷ̧һҾ˵ϣūŷʺ֣մӷﳽ
ʺûֻܰϢ߸ǣȻ󼱴ҴҾ͹ˡ
¥ʱһȦֱָŷﳽȥ
ַʲôɡ
ߵ޵ʱ۾Ŀͷᣣһû˯ѡ
¥ʱֵ̧ŶͷһʱҲ֪˵ʲô
¥ʱȥڴߣֽţڼ˯
زˣĶûֻ¥ʱˣţҲ
¥ʱ˳˳ķ˿ԣҹðˡ
ն˵ʲôˣʦֵһҩȥ׼ҩ
Ҳϸ񣬻ܵ
˵ˣСиͷˣҲƽ͵ġ
Թ緹ȥ˿㣬Թҩ֮˯ȥˡ
ãԶק¥ʱȥժһ׼ơ
һƬһֻ֣¥ʱһǲϲʲôݲݣѾķãֻΪҪժǰʰһ¡
¥ʱ˫ֻվһ߿ժ
ԸժҲǺܲˣȥժܡ
Զˣ¥ʱǰ̧ժ޷仨ôһ£
ճĬƬ̣ץӵĻ¥ʱϴȥ
¥ʱ̧һҲ˼仨ɵϡ
²Ƿ
¥ʱŭ֮ǰЦеĿ˵Ϣŭ˵㸸ʺйһ¶ˮԵ
¥ʱšüͷֻЩġ
ֵչ˻ϵʱȵκȵ۱ĸѹһͷҲΪֻ͵͵ȥ
¥ʱЩѿɫ¥ʱšüͷ֪˵ʲô
ǰĳòˣǵõҲλǿưԵȴĸ
˶ŮĶϱڲڣŮδ󡣡ժһЩһͷ¥ʱǲ֪λںָһ
˭ǵһϯ֮أҪôѬΪȨҪôں󹬰϶ҪǾ߶С
¥ʱĳ㲻Զ־Ϊù´Ϊ֣
ãΪҲֻСʱչһʳӶǲȻһҪȥ˿ˡ
ʱԼĸԵ˲
һ¾Ͱ޶һӵݸ¥ʱ󣬵֪Ϊʲô𣿡
¥ʱֿտյӣ˵㲻ֱ˵ԼԵã
ô
¥ʱۼֿסͣʡʵĶ
սҧһ¸ӡ߷ߵĿڣ˵ˣǲ̫Եˣ
¥ʱЦһû˵ĻϣôףôܻôԵأԲԡ
棬˽⳼檡ЦеĿڣĿת鶯
ɫһ֮£һɫȹŮЦ貣⡣
¥ʱ︡Σգֽӹһϣ
գߵһŰǰ˷֦ϣסĺףǷ꣬ĥҧ
컯֮£棬ôĺšĲˡ
ʱͿ֦ϵӣϺѾ֪١
ҵۺʱ򣬾ȫ˵ϱŻʺȥ޵˺þûˡ
˳ĬһЦõȥơ
¥ʱճӵʱһѾһˡ
˵õأն¥ʱһίڴ
㻹Զ𣿡¥ʱ΢΢һüԾԾԵӣֱӰˡ
Ǳȥ˷ǼѪˣʱһСŪˣֵԼǶ塣
ôСѲ檵ġһ˵һ߱קߣεĿ
ô͹½¥ʱִ̧Դһ£Ҳ
иͷȺҲģҡԴ֣˵лڳΪʲôҪôأҲˣһȥͺˡ
ˣڣԶ˿Ҫͷۣһͬ
¥ʱЦһοڣ
ǻ뿴ǿ𣿡һۣҲǲУֻ»ϻܴ졣
ûҪ¥ʱȥ˺Ժ
ֲ˵ģαôĶţˣˣⲻܺ
մЦ
ǲУֻҵһˣĻš




204 û
 

ǹʱγһ֣һ⡣
¥ʱͰһţκε
ū澲μϣ̫ӵѾˡϥһ˵
յͷ󿪿ڶιһΣ첻ĻͲιˣҹעһЩٶš
ǡϥһȥӡ
Ϊĸƺĺܺˣ谮ȴ簮
ֻµʱӻ
ӦҪˣʱһ£ʡ̫һ߶ûζ
ͷ檾̫ͦȤģȻʹ˵ۼνǻѧϣպڿΡ
㵹Ŀⶾ
Ҳ뷨Ͼۿȥȵ̫˼ҵ޼ۼѧʶһȻͯףǣַӻſ޺ӡ
Сʱûٱ̫Ϊҵϸ񱻷顣
ɱԣǱһһķ𾭣ǳҲ⣬ͱҪǶҲǺڰ
̫˿ŻϵġսԶֹڴˡյ٩һ䡣
ûпǴȫϢ˵¥ʱٵʱǾһƶɱߵĶɱǶ񲻿ɵ
˺ܶ࣬һжǹ鹦̫˵ķ𾭡
ڡǶʱȻأҲԼƵˣǳ׼ŭҲȥɱˡ

ⲻǲǻ͸˵ִԲѵĻ
¥ʱһգҲ˵ʲô
ū澲μϣμʺܰҲ֪ǴӶģﻹСʳ¯ĵġ
໹һϦ꣬Ϧһײ豭ӦǳݺõĲˮ
ܰü˳۵Ĺڣū澶˹ĵģ
°ɡտڣͷϦĲڣʲô裿
Ϧ²յϥһ񣬡Ƿ˵ԡ
յһˮݸ¥ʱڸǰźˣҲû˵ʲô
Ż˵һˣܰվڱߣĿⰵһ˲
ʣֻʣͻ˵Ҫһλ𣿡տһ۵ģÿӼι¥ʱߡ
¥ʱιߵĵģĬƬ̳ȥ
ȥǵۺУʵϣ֪
ȻôܰΪʲôҪУأȻҪȳ治
ûҪͿ͵λǶһʱҲˡ
ЩǲͳȻǲʵģַֻʽٹ
մ̲סһЩ
¥ʱǾྴķ򸾣ôЩ³ͽպ³
ں˼ʲô¥ʱ̧ĶͷҪУԼȥӡ
еû߰Ϲ룬Ǹʱ䲻տӣȥֵһЩ
ûСշ¿̧ԼţЦſڣ룬ӵĹη֡
ﳽյĹһԭĶԸУһյĸš
¥ʱ˵꣬˼ģ˵ڿֿʼ֮ǰȥ
ʱ䣬⻹ʱ䰡
ǲ̫һ㣿
տ˵ǲ̫ˣһ˵
硣¥ʱס׼еĵ֣޵ȥ½½׼ţ׼ҲͲסˡ
ҭһ¡
Ҫ׼ʲôӲŻ׼ôõʱ䣿
¥ʱƿڣӦҪõĶ
Ǵ㽫ȫõĶ
ƫţҪһͬʡվ¥ʱһɱһԴӦ¡
֪ȻܱȽϲŮһЩһϲӣȻһЩ䵭Ҳϲصġ
뷨ǾͿʼˡ
վ
ʹÿҪϻˣκȷʵƵģɳһȥʱ䡣
ǼǵǶҪˣƳ֣Һһˡ
ʹˣʱ˺öණվĹԱֹҶĳ嶯
վԱŵϵǽ壬һɫĿڣλˣЩǼֵư
ٻ⣡һڱŤĴϯǳĴ̶һӣŭĿ˵
վԱļһţųʹЦЩȵĿڣãˬ죬ҽùԭ⳥
վԱĵӣʹһЦһΪˬӦˡ
վԱȥⵥӣһźСٿһ£ѯʣˣЩûôɣ
ӣļ۸񶼿ԭˡ
죬ԭ۸񡣡վԱһˣܱʼ飬־ڿЩʹ
СٱͣԼ˾ֻ˵ߡ




205 ּͻ
 

Ȼλʹ嵥ʱöҪѪˣ
ǳû𣿣
޳ܣ
òҧǮ˭Ȱѻء
ȳӱ߽ϻѾ˰¡
ʹǻˮȣ¥ʱٳٲټһֱڴ̫վԱҲǺڵúܡ
ӻܺúõĹȥ
ĻԼܻŻص
һǰϯŶӶԹصֱϯȺ˵ļһ
һǰʹĶҪˡ
δ˲Ҫĳӣ
һҷǳסӿ˵ٺ˵˵ûɿˣǽϿ빬ˡ
ʹǺһ
κд̫ðֻѹƢڣлˣҿллʮ˴Ϊ֪ڹѡ
ǰŸߣ̽Ӿͻˣ˵˳ؾˣ
蹷ˣ
ӻܺȥ
ҹ
ʢῪϯҪΪ˸ӷϴ
滻װһɫ󲽶һֱ˺ܶĴ氮ĽŮ
̫ʱֻ⳯;ǻϵķ氡
ôҵһλޣɳأ¼ҹˣһ㣬ù¼ҹˡ
¥ʱЯ٣֮󣬹
տһ¥ʱֱߵľƺ˼֧ȫȥһ£ӭɵĿ⡣
ˣϿԳЦЦ˵õǵˮ©ùԼľյһƵݹȥ
¥ʱֽӹҲû˵ʲôĬźһھơ
һźĿⰵһ£ĿգȴյĿ⡣
Ŀ͸ɫľԼǵС˼ȫϤ
վһҾڵϣٴιػϺϲ̥Ҳûʲôöֻһ͸λ¡
մΪ£ͷ˵һ䣬غű󽫾
ûһǺ͹㱧ӹˡ
СĽӹȥǱӵƵѡ
Ӳˣ汧Ҳû۴ޣЦЦ
ѵõߣһЦӻȥ̧֮һҾ˵˼ףĻ
¥ʱͦĵģֻκγѾȱʲôˣҲûкʹ͵ġ
¥ʱ𣬳ȴˡ
̧һҾϣһͻʥּ
ŶѵðȻӳ˴ͻ֡
߳ڵϣڡһŮӣȻݱ΢һЩʤڼͻãľ㣬ԴǣҪһλĹһ¡
ľ㣿
Դǣ
ʹ·ԼˣЩݷ蹷һĳ
ݳĴʲӦǷ蹷һĴ
׼ˡ¥ʱȻͬˣɲȥǸݱ
೼ѣĻȻˡ
̧һҾڣϣҲһ
Ҳ
¥ʱ¾յͷһպ󿪿ڣҲҪͻ飿
Ӣ
ӢǷ⻰©ٳ
ңʦֵԼõ
׼ˡҲʲôˣʱ˾֪ˡ
¥ʱһ£֪˻˶ء
Ϊ˵̫正ٿּͻˣȴһ׮ź
ʹһ߿ţ岻һ仰
Ƶһ䣬˵ĿȺϡ
ųʹһůһʹ̫
棬ֱгһϵŵʹĴӦˣ˰ˬ
һʹڱɫѿ޷˵
ǵһȲռҪڲӦָϯַӾҪóȥ
Ϊ˹ң裬ҪӦ
Ȼи̵ģֻͷȥˡ
֮Ҫȥ빬¥ʱɻ˺һȥˡ
̤빬¥ʱһ֡
ͺȶѾ΢üҲ
ŷ¼¥ʱһˣʰ֮󣬽뵽
㱻շԸȥעѾ
ϣͷ鲻ϸ¥ʱ˲پƣ˵Ϻ˲٣ܲȻ
¥ʱֽ֮ﱧŮһһЩıſˡ
տһˣ̧պ󣬡ϣ黹
˵ͳ΢ƣ棬ƺ׼˵ʲôͷԸʲô
ղȻʧЦ΢֮ıǡôô˰
շַӾͰѳֲסˣͷ֮ſʼ׼¡
ѯʵĲſڣڴ֮ǰֻԼǸӡ




206 Ȳˣ
 

׼ˣյһ¥ʱԴſѯʡ
̧һҾĻūŽʦ빬ϵģλֹȻ
˵֮󣬾Ͱü̫ܻ˴
ˡȫ߽λϵĵۺˣæԴڡ
䣬־Ť󲽶λϵ¥ʱգһ˿ﲻмԼһ˿Ϊ֪ļʡ
տֱӴˣ̧Ƥӵڣڹ˶֪Ϊ𣿡
ĳһţ㲻Żϳˣû˻ϣӵĻʺ󣬻ǰҫģ
ϥ֮ܵšüͷͿʼ𣺡ʺ§§ίʵӣһ֮ĸӴȥʲô
Ǹļƻһʧܵġ
̶¥ʱüͷһһˣ
롣¥ʱĮĶ֣漴ֻúǲڵȫ졣
ȫһŵ֣ǰһ΢Ц鲻ã㻹̣ҪԴˡ
֪¥ʱ΢ҲҶ˵ʲôΪƵ¥ʱƢԽãһи紵ݶǷַӾὣˡ
ž
ȫһּҪҧһ޲ýȫھʹ
˳˳ˮôЩ꣬ɴδ˭İƣ˭ͽ
񵽺ãպ⼸ǰôһ档
ȫûаֵĴ־һƹȥ
ȼ̫˴ʱֵһѾ׳ͷ
˦˦ķ𳾣ǽһ֪ǴĶͼıϣչأǱ޵ıϣ壡
ȫһ߿󣬲һֿЦõ飬Сӵǰоֹѧһ
ֿűڵŮ︡һ˿
ˣ֪ˣ

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ձͻϮһţİɫ̧ƿˣ򴽰꣬ڣ㲻Ҫ֡
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ֳЦһû֮ôճأ
֪Ͱ˹ˣ
յĿ⿴ŵѾˣִģֻūŲΪʲôҪıϡ
˵ţʹļ׵Ŀһ֡
һۣѾֹ滮泼һߡ
ȫʹĿ⿴֣Ӧ֮ǰȿڵ֣ϴ㲻ΪҪѻϣ
ȫ֪ԼȻŭ¥ʱô͵ˡ
ūԩūĲ٣ūŮ׾͸ūѧϰչ˺ΪūʹҲ̫ӵº͹£ͻƾūŮ
ֱ֮󣬿ʿڣʺΪҪūūһֻڻϣҶԻ
һɵ֣Ҳ岻ǣ
Ϊλȥϵ޵أյһ䣬ֽҪشĻѾס
ʲôʶ·󴳽ȥġ
ūŮէʶ·СĴȥģ
Ҳ죬һͷԼС͵쾡¡
ӣԵЩʢ˲ˡ
ΪλأЦЦ̶ֲֵػңֻЩŶһʡ
ˣϵ޵˰صģôȥأ
аǱûмǴĻϵ޵ǸԶ˶ϲܲЩطȥνȥأ
º͵̬֮£ȴһһҪϬ
˵Ҳûдϸһ飬©ٳ
һһƿԣһҪһٸԲȥеһԳֵ©ôһоǱ˿볹顣
ֿ˼ڤԲѵʱ¥ʱˡ
ȫȥˡ
Ϲʲôʱ仹ȥ˯ء
ԣֵڵҡ
տĿ⣬¥ʱЦһڣͬŮıδ죬ֶźذ壬ּŮȥ١
ⲻ˵ôֱٴأ
¥ʱһ仰ֱ֮ӱ뿪ˣն˵һ־ͱ˸ˡ
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207 
 

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208 
 

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סӹݹĲˮһѹѹ
أ
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ճԴǰƵļ۾
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ûʲôֻ⹬ﵽˡЦ˵һ䣬ƿĿ⿴ǽյĵţһĨ




209 ׼ͽ
 

ͷһڲĵˣ΢΢һ顣

⸽Ƶļ𣬷ҲֳķӦҲǺġ
˹Լʦĸ첲ȥǼ
ȫı͸¶ϰΪҲ١

˵ͼĩˣһ߸Լӡ
ʱ¥ʱǰһŷλһܺ֡
롣
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Ӳʱ飬һ˭Ķ졣
Ҫ͹գָĺö٣Լܽ뿴Źɿɰ巣ҪҪ˴عȣλ¼ҹ顣
˲Уйȵġ
ôճԿȥ
ϼΪϲλСƴߣ̫ӵ˵Сֲǲ֪˴ʲô⡣
Ƴһۺһ㣬һ̴ãҽ̺֮ػֱӼ̳²
²еûţ
ԼĺԼ̣ǷƲ磬ҪʲôԼ
ˣҴһͽܡ˵λͽܣֵĺĮƺĲǸϡ
뵽壬Ĭˡ
ô˵أֻһñɷӵˡ
ҪôһԸҪôã԰˺ˣʲôӺ
ĿˣҪ˯СЦ˯һŴա
ͷԣ˻Ҫյ˼
ղͬ⣬ͻһеӣͬ⣬Ǿ͸Ҹʦ顣
뵽յİԵһ顣
û뵽Ҫյ




210 
 

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ȾһݵĻҪ˵
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֪ܲմʲô⡣
ԼܻȥеҲλ
οأ̾һ̶̼꾭̫ˣ㻹𣿡
𴽰꣬Ҳ
ǾȥȥᣡĿȻһݣ͸ĺˡ
ǰ͹λȥʶȤ˳ȥվԶԶġ
йһ㣬ż򿪿ڣ
Ȳ˵¥ʱжϣλĶ־
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̧ϵĲյһˮתƿ⡣
տŻǶ飬ûʲôԺܲȥ

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ˡ
λϣǰŮӣü۴ƣֻǹôĶׯ󷽣ЩСұĸо
ĲϧǷһЩ
л֮һߣһߵŮһеȥ
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ЩҲš
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лʺʹ͡
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ûаǿգڣ»Ǹ£ֻ˺ܶԼҰġ
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һŮʲôҰģѲɻҪɱ۳ҽ
ʲôҰģ
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211 κ
 

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κ߬ӣǸҲˣǶĺ챦ʯǺѵã֮ǧ
ةฮŮ˰
ŶȥǶͱϡղͷ˵һ䣬뿪ˡ
κǲ鲻ԸģҪҲǷмȥ󽫾ɡ

ʱûӭӣС˽ȥͿ⽫Ǽɹġ
Ҫ
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Цȥıӣ˵棬˺ּȲϣһЩ
СλǴϯĻʺҲʦŶ̧ԴɱϿɲǳصġ
˵巵ۣɷµķһ䣬ţǳصģǳ˵ġ
һϰΪӣַ̧ͷԴ
ꡪ
ЦһһСϣǾͦġ
ŹŰϵ¥ʱһŹֵС




212 
 

ۣЦúÿĿ⿴գֽ޴ıȻţͳ˵ҷЦʱǣƯ
ÿҲġԴס졣
ĹĵţⰮ֮˽֮ôÿôˣ
ҪǸеİһҪݲؽ
˵˴ǰΪ˳Ļ𣿡
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ڷ¥ʱҲԼֻпϵĵһ䣺ӻеģᱻͷԡ
տ˯㣬ҡ󣬲ź¥ʱ˵˵öԣԼǾ͹ܺСһͺá
ǡ
Ǻȫ˴ſԴͼ뿴
޵滹һӣһ簡ŰǸͿ
ˮﴫ¥ʱ
ǲͷһȫԴƳȥ߽֮ȥ
ȫƳһǣҡҡͷ߳ȥȥˮ
ߵʱ򣬾ͿһĿڴлţϻڶС
ˮѾˣūº̫ӵ´ȥ
Ų붯¥ʱŽ̤ȥֽק
¥ʱ˳ĺʧºڣôҪȥԡ
ޡûһڣֽƵ
ȥˣܻų
תҪ뿪ʱȴ¥ʱ§֫
㲻Ҫµ𣿡¥ʱԽտԡȥ︡İ
Ѿ̧ߡ
ɣôѧҽˣ
ǡ̫ϲˡ
ǣ
Ϲˣʲôûп
մԡҳʱʱѾˡ
ԡ淢ʲô˵Ҳ뵽ҲǺһȥʰԡĲо֡
ڴϵʱһ¥ʱСȣȻ
¥ʱһţŹԼ˶̾һֽ˱ڻ˯




213 ˳
 

糯
ⶨõԼʵݸ¥ʱĿ
¥ʱ֮󣬿սսеĳʹڣˡ
ⶨԼѾܹˣٱƼˣǽ
ʹݺһڣ̶Ǻûй˵һֺĻ
¥ʱЩͷˣ۹ȥ
ʹۼı͡
糯֮¥ʱżȥ鷿
֮󣬾Ƕڡ
ĬһŵڸίϽ
Щǲֻ֪ʧúѵˣһֻ۱һֵֻۣ̫Ļ
϶ǾѣԸһλãСĿųˣôܻ
յãҲǸж
ͷȥԡ
޷ȣϡ֪֮ˣղƽҲüƽϣֻûһΡ
һοԿڷϲƽϣڶλƽϣ˲
лϣлݴм̧һۡ
¥ʱ֣ҪԼעһЩɣҪлƢü
տΪͬŴӶһЩҪƤӵһί
ʱκղģҲŲģѪҲǿܵġ
ο϶յƫҲͷκΪ¡
֪ˡ
ȻԼСȻһ㣬һģǫѷ͵ôôɰ
¥ʱһ߰ҵĳ棬˵˵˵һˣ
ΪǸ佫լصƫֿķûй̨ͤ¥󣬾һӸˡ
񵹺ãҸӣ˻ûнͿʼֲˡ
ԺˣǲҪһСһ
̧ףԴǵĿڣϣܺõģ
ӷ㣬֪֮֡
ϲӣųգС
࣬һڲܷϿעع˴αһӣȻǾӺǿǹȴ̫УĿʶױƭ
˵Ҳһ˿һˡ
¥ʱ˼
ĿʶױƭɴСʳǽаճ˻غ󹬷Ȩط͸Ҫ˵ˡ
ǿҲûãЩһ飬ϯ⻼ʱֹۡ
ȻʱǾץһץǾͿӣƹƾ٣Ժ˶ʶ֡
ǡ̧һҾ
˾˸Եÿ˸ִһʣ㼺¥ʱ֮ںϣȱ㡣
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ʱúܿ죬رϾʱ졣
һգͳˣ֮ģֻ»ʱˣаʼˡ
׵ʱûȥΪˣ߲¥ʱһȥ
¥ʱȥһҲͻˣȻΪпԭǱһǰĻ񣬻ǲ˺ܶࡣ
򸾺ͳ򸾡
κԹһ䣬žβã˷ӡ
ﻰ⣬޲䡣
Ҳ˵ʲôˣੲԹκҪ˵һ䣬׼Ҫը
£ˡ
ةฮ죬ĸƽ֮ű¥ʱǿƴߡ
Ҫ¥ʱ˿ԶǸةฮӡ
ȻǸӣҲϲֻչҪһŮ
ﳽ
տڴȥСһ̾һ
ôةฮȷﳽס¥ʱһ䣬Դ˻֮󣬶̾ٴˡ
ˡտ¥ʱ̧ڣȥ֪ǸʱǺ顣
Ǹʱ򣬴žǾʰ쵵ֻʣ»Ұףɫ
ΪǸʱġûж¹¡
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¥ʱۼֳֿĴ齣ƳһֵĺӣΣİĿⶢ
ԼĪǾûòѵã᲻뿪վ½ԴһĨ
¥ʱʶһ򴽣󹥳Եأѷ֡
ֿʱ㱻ѹţǶҲͷˡ
Ƥ¥ʱֽ己˵һ䣬ɤмɳƣеԸС
㷭ڴԼԼġ
޹գ۾¥ʱ˱˶գƣº޹Сģһģһ
գûС
巣գŴ۾޹Ŀ¥ʱһҪ
һ޵ı飬¥ʱ巷ϣȥյԴ
ôôأ
տ巣ֿ¥ʱϲŻϲң
š¥ʱûԥһ¾˵




214 ŵϲ
 

Ʋһģ¥ʱ︡Щ磬巿֪ʲô˼Ҫ˵ſģ
֪ʲôأչһίͰ͵ӿڡ
¥ʱ巵צȥյϲ㣬ѾԽϲ𣿡
֪Ǿ˵ĵЦգԼ鶼ò١
Ц
㷭һֽ˱ŹԾСһǰ˵Ҫʼˡ
ѹʲôšָ巣¥ʱԼָԼĴĴָŵ档
ҧԼĴĴָˮĴ۾¥ʱƺһûӦ
׵
¥ʱһٲ޻˵ˡ
գգ۾¥ʱٿԼãŤͷջԼԼġ
㷽˵ķˣ
¥ʱһ޵СһȻǽѺӴȥιʳ
յͷѾȥʰһЩȥˣҲʦȥ
Ȼ˶ҲͲҪ׼ˡ

ص棬ҲЩͷ̧ۣͷһǽǵĳ棬ȻͺЦˡ
һߴһɫĿÿʱÿ̶ڶ档
ˣֱ˵Ҳˣֱ׵ǿʣֻܿЩ̥ҩһЩȫ·ݴ¾ͻὥȻҲܲᡣ
˵ʱһθͲͷһ߸Żš
漲ǰкš
ﵫǾͦοġ
ˣɩҲˣһ£ʱӦÿԸý˵꣬Ҳòпһʳǵķˮ
һһУǡʱǱ뿪ˣȫͶϵ顣
ˣʱ裬ĭĭҲǿ
濴ŰһӶûзӦ
ϲʦ̧֣һҾϲĿڡ
Ҳų˵һ䣬λˮŮˣҲкøС
ͬϲ˵꣬ҩһСóһߣĭĭҲЩ£˰ҩŻдˣõԡ
лʦ֣
Сʱ򣬴һϢǰϲ
濴һ۰λϱǲûʲôøУЩִ
ҲɵĳĬһθ﷭¸ذ
Ҳʲôˣ۵ǰϸﰲ
κʱͿ˳һ£һڰǰź
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Ż˰죬˻һˮڵʲôأô򸾾ɡ
ˣϻûд
һЩһʱȥͷ
κЩ԰׵ɫ︡һĨڽϵ˵ɩҪţ󽫾װֵĴСӡ
֪ðҰѾͷҲǺ˳Ȼδһ޳أ
˼ŮͲϲ
ۣصκԼδԻĶӣ㽿ڣӹŮһһһεҲʡ
СʲôϲŮҪŮ濪˵¶һڰ
СӣƢСᵽΪ˵ʱ򼦷ɹŮĶɰ
ͷһůųһЦݡ
˵ŮԾߵ⼸ƺϲŮϣĳҲ⡣
˵Ҿ뵽ة࣬˶˵˺þãĹŮȴǸѵġ
ۻϲҲ𣿡ҲֱЦλµס֪ˡ
κһ߲岻һ仰ûһ㶯˵Щ˶ڱ
ҲǼ޹üеĺӣôǾͲ˵أ
ҲϲĭĭŮҪӡһڲεĿڡ
ŰҫӣȿڣɩҲˣ
š
κˡ
¸µ¾ƣʲô𣿡һ»ˮ棬ͷʦֵ˵š
ĭĭ˵ݷǸҹ㣬˺öòϵͷ棬ȫȥ˵ǿŸСպȢޡ˵Լҷˣࡣ
˼룬û˵ʲôĬĬ֧֡
͸ɡͷκڣʲôأ
κЦЦɡ
ʲôʲô͡
ͬΪةˣƾʲôȦˮأǸıһС֮Ů䣡




215 ̺ܽ
 

ⷿﲻкܶսƷ𣿡濴ų棬Ц˵úõ͹ȥϣСӳ֮һ˫ȫ
֡
ҲǾòûţԼòϣС˵öԣԺҲóˡ
һһȺ˾뿪ˡ
˳ȥ˿正Żȥ
ΪĭУ¥ʱҲ׼ڹסչˣֻҪʱ빬ĸƽ
һº
ةฮ
һˣ˵Ҳǳ¥ʱȥ糯뿪ģȻ¥ʱţֵĥ䵽
Űװ۵ĺӣڴ߿正⺢ӽʲô֣
ף歽ӵݸһߵѾߣʧһ
հȥӹӣź˯ˣôǾԼϲ
ϴ֮ռˡ
ü·֮󣬳ձźںл˵һռ˵¡
ҪǲϲԲսӵݸһߵӣû𣿡
һߣһԼĺӣԭҪģ׷䣬ǰϸһûҪ
ԼĺԼι
Ҳǳ֪ͼռȺ֪˾뷽跨ˣ˵ʲôź򲻵÷ԼðţɰҶĵĹǺ
ȷʵǶġ
ƢҲǱ˲٣һ棬Ǻܺһˡ
˳ŮȷʵǿһЩ
Ҳʲô顣²һ֮һߵ˵óԺúȵдţ˵ûա
ǡ
֮³˻ϻ˭ܴùʺҲҺ˵˵
һ߳歴ӣºͺ͵ĸⲻ˵Ͼĸ׵Ļ϶Ảӡ
ˣհӹˣ˵Ǵ˺öСӡ߽㱨
歲ͷȥա
ЦЦû˵ʲô歶ʱ֪ˣ˰հ
㣡հЦеĺһſһߵŮˣȹϵķƺͷϵķڣַӾͲµ˭ˡ
ߵʺʺǧǧǧǧ꣡հڵϹڡ
ˡ֣΢֡
հһվ֮СŲߣױƵһ·佱ӿڣ㣬Ҹֶӵ
ʡԼ˴ǮŸġ
歶һ̣ܽ̿ȻʳסûǮһСˡ
ŵ˵ÿµ㻨Ǯ˵Ǯôһ㡣
Ҳ歵ĿģһҲǿ̵ĶԴԼ
ˡȻֵ֪ǮĳհѶĿŵõġ
հһɵЦҾôһֶӣȻǲίˡ
Ժ󻹻еġðһ䡣
հס
ǲҪھҪǮˣˣȺúö鿼ȡ֮ٺ»һٸ
ףϳ֮󣬡ôûȥѧã
Ϣ˵ҪһƥѧӡհԾһߣ˵ʱ顣
޽ӴѧѾȥЩϵѧӶʳѧսĴǣǸԺҲĵҪ޽ʮ֮ҾҪڼҸϰܻȥ
괺Ҫμ𣿡歿Լҵܵܣһ䡣
Ͳ󣬾ƳһμҲûʲô⡣
μӡհԼҽ㣬ԼδĹ滮˵һ£ܲȡúõ֣Ҷȥȥ̸Ż
歳ĬƬ̣ͷԡ
Լ·ԼѡֻҪھء
ղĿһհСС;ž򣬵Ǻܲ
硣
ˣԵĻ¥ʱ
սӹ巣¥ʱĿ⣬Цȹ㡣
¥ʱ˵ˣͷſ˯㣬סȥ
պһк͸ȥˡ
巵ǺĴţȥժϵĻ
Ƥս巵ְ¥ʱ뿪¾ƾϯϣʱܿĴæµ
¥ʱźĥĥĸŮƤһģһ
ϲ͸ժһ䡣űҪ޵巣¥ʱ˵һ䡣
Ƴһ¥ʱ¥ʱУƻľԣܽƢ
¥ʱĬһҲû˵ʲô
տ¥ʱû˵ʲôǾЩ⣬ƽŮģܽȻû˵
и̹ܽ¾úܺʡ¥ʱڡ
վһĸظܽǷģžˣСʲôĲҪ̫ϿԹ̰ܽɡ
ģҪչ̣ܽ϶Ҫ̳һ




216 
 

ճĬһһԲ
ˣЩʱ˼뻹ǻᱳۡ
͵˵ۻһ£¥ʱʲô޹ؽҪ飬ȴҪϼӹ̡ܽ
仰¥ʱδڻشʲô
˵˼ȷʵͬĳЩʱЩ뷨Ҳǲıϵġ
͹ڽ̺飬ǲЭġ
ᡪ
ۺһӺȻڵһˣڶǳͷһհ
ͷĨЦһº͵正κЩҲܼ
һξке㸣
̫ûھϯɨ˸λ¡
񣬳ԹȺ½½뿪¼Ǿ۾ۡ
ԹԵ¥ʱϣͷקϵӰ档
巵һ㶼֣һֱҪȥקףϵĳպüβ㶼ס󡭡
žһƴǰװ۵Сϡ
㶿һͿŤӲҪձҪ¥ʱ
ԼĪǾƽʱ¥ʱܺãѰһɽɡ
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δҲ̫˰ɣôСһ֪ʲôһҪҪˣκǺ޳ɵĿ˵
жôϲ巣ֻǲպù
¥ʱĿ΢΢һ䡣
ģҪǺĵĻɾû巵Ĵˡ
ȻⲢӵĳ谮
κ紫Ĳϲ
Сʲô֪ɱ֪ղͷ俴հʡԼóĸԼֶӵ˵ҪҪˣƾʲô
ַ̧˷ͷ
ǡʵ˵ҲԣʲôöûУҪȥ˼ҵأ
˵ֿǺһ㣬ǡ϶û˵ʲôʲôʸ˵
һޣ֪ʲô̿ǡҲ۶λκֹȻǶյĽʽǳĲͬ
¥ʱſֹס巣һǹ˲١
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κԣ¥ʱȥ»û
֮ǣĺӲȱĸֲһۡ
Ĭ
ո已˵˰ɣûĸףȻ޷⳼Ůɷӳ飬ָԺĸҲةһϿ
Ƴһ˯ף̾һ˵˵أ˲ĸײ֪ᣬΪ˽̳һúӣⲻ˶ִ򼸴Ρ
歵Ĳգһյĸ
ȻԼǸӣƤû£ǸкӲ򳤴ġ
κһһİҧ
и˲𰡣
պ֪룬Ż˵һ䣬кӾ˲
ʱˣһҲɢˡ
ϡ
ŰƵκǲ֪˵ʲôҲǲ֪ʦĵ⣬ֻǡ
Ӻζ
ˣԼ಻á̾һ§ڻ
κŤͷ۾ĿŷҶôˣҪӻȥˣﵱǵҾǿӡ
⻰δЩ
ǿջĸۡİңԼ̺ܽӣʲôԡ
ͻϿɶû˵ʲôء
̾һĿڣ帮ϣǱǹĲף϶û˵ʲôαײȥء
Ƿˣ˰Ƿǳĺܣ巵Ҳ⣬ÿˣÿɶҪˡ
ŷ׷ײƽκ治֪˵ʲôá
ǳúÿɫ֣ǱŮӲûС
ʲôûôܻΪòϲգǻһ㣬ǻϵĻš
Ҳܳλ歳ҲֻСұ
гǸֵ˲Ҳһ
ɼ費û⣬Ҫġ
֪ʲôųײã»Ҫӣ˳Ȼ̧Դ
κҲִ֪磬ʱЦЦӦһ
ֻĿ⼸˺ӾŰŮˣκ˭ƾʲôҪôһȣ
Ҫܻϲǡ
ʺͲҪȥˣģϺʲôƲ硣ƺ˳˵һ䡣
κĵĿڷһ䡣
Ĭ
òú͊˵Լʦ㣬ʦ缺ͽܣ˵ȣǲС
κĹâٴΰѻȥ
ôˣȻЩˡ




217 ̫
 

ҷʡĽȴǣԼĶˣҲˡ
Ϊʲô᲻Ίأ
ǰЩΪоֹﲻš
κԼ˼ﲢδˡ
һߡ
ﳽ
¥ʱȥ˯ĺӣ߬צǺ˯һ֣Ϣ뿪
ʱһ˱Ƿ
ȥϴտһ֮󣬼˱
¥ʱϴ֮³Ųůȿ˱ˣ߹ȥ档
´㡣˵꣬¥ʱˮһˮ
շһҳ̧ͷһ¥ʱˣ
ǵûС¥ʱһ۴ɫʱˣЩϢ
ȳ檿ҳȻûˣյͷ˱棬˺Ӹ׵ס
¥ʱһ߹ȥ˱ëߡ
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ϯˡ˵ţ¥ʱֽ˱Ŵȥ
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㣬㡣¥ʱƽȥԼƿ
ڱգӸǺá
һöֱӿѯʣͳʲôϵ𣿡
йϵҲûйϵ¥ʱ̧ͷ˯ٲ˯ͲҪ˯ˡ
չϱ۾
¥ʱС˰ˣЦһ˯ȥ
һ硣
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ݼ巵ۡϯѭʰ֮󣬱ԼѺõ
¥ʱòϳ˵ˣԵ˵˼䣬ȥдˡ
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¥ʱЦһסյ裬˳ȥˡ
ϣǴˣ
Ц¥ʱʱֹסŲŤͷգһȺ˸ţζЦһ¼ˡ
ּǳ𣿣
ܺȥ
вС
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¥ʱЦһϿ֬Ƹȥ
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ػ
¥ʱһղ١
ۺһǰһĽ׽͸
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ϯûעհװֹúãҲͰˡ
ƹѲϯ˵¡
žǸλ´һЩȻ˵ԼڻʳСסա
¥ʱȻӦ
Ҳ˵һ߳ԳԺȺȡ
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ճĬһ£ͷ·Ͽ֬ˣȥһױ
正
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ҲǹˣȻ֪ⷢʲôϵĵĺΣһЦϥȥˡ
ۺĸҲ̫ˡ
ĬĬվһߡ
Ǻþòˣټ㶼ĸˡϯӺü͸Ҹһúõһôײ˱ˡ
ԺиŮô˵տĹĵˣɾúЦ
ӵϯĶǰİذ
ûв֪УҾͿ¥ʱʱζԸͷϯߺһ̶ǶӵЦ
Ǵɡ
ձ̾һԺĻޡ
ʲôֻҪ㳤úÿʱ׵˻ż̤ƽˡϯƳһա
ǵʱǺʬҰ
һ꣬ϯƺ֪룬뵽¥ʱǸˣһʾԼ޻˵




218 Ҳ
 

˵ˣܲܽ˶ɱɣʲôϯƲһǣִóһӵݹȥ
Ķ
սӹȥһһƿǲ֪ƿװʲô
ʲôպɵĿϯ
ģʦ˵ӵʱһһӣصⲹҩ裬еʱš
ϯɫίʵԽŵϵһ
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220 ۺ
 

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ϵĻҪĴžץλˡ
ϰŸʽĶ󵽹ТʽĶ
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¥ʱƽÿνĮˣһһ߬𣬿ԼƢȻأûʲôҪ͹˵𣿡
ճĬ̧ͷһԲ




225 
 

¥ʱΣһЦתߡ
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˸߸ġ
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֪¥ʱڷﳽ޵ҲûеۺҴҶһء
¥ʱ󲽹ȥŶȫСŸȥ

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չ˼ȦߺĿڣ֪֪ˡ




226 ̫
 

֮緹Ѿ׼ˣ϶ϲԵķˣм¥ʱϲԵġ
ˣЩأϷĶˣպȻһЩ飬̧ͷ¥ʱ
¥ʱ̧ͷһۣһӵ˷棬ˣȻ㡣
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歲ͷһ񣬼ᣬ޶˸пԼܼҹܵĺܺá
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ͷƷŮˣֳ̧¥ʱһҾקκ뿪ˡ




228 
 

վһߣŵѵĴδ˵ʲô
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ϦƢɲʲôƢ庢ȫܵģ࣬վһ߿ޡ
Ϧտﳽ飬һصȥźУ̫ߡ
˵ŮҪţǽ߹ͷˣʱĿɾǵĸġ
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ɩ
̽ĿѯʣһǻǸ
ŻȢޣҫֻλ´СǧŵԸΪҲǹź塣
мٰɡ
յͷڣǱģǲĺӶ֡




229 ĸ
 

һɼ̶뵽ɭϵĹأ̧ͷգŵӣ뵽¥ʱĮ߱ɱӣ΢΢
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߽ʱÿǰվһһЩ鼮ϵݡ
ϵĻϷһ£߹ȥŰװ۵ĺӣӤʵд͹Ű塣
μĸ󡣡߹ȥ̧һҾڡ
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һ۰ͰͿգСĿڣĸҹǰʲôԸ𣿡
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ĸҲ˵ʲôϾպ˵Ժʱﳽĸĸһ档
Ҳ̫ܲ¥ʱĻϾ㲻һСӣϵĵݲһ֡
ҡҡͷͷڣĸ󡣡
ΪΣպɿڣǰһ뻹ܸ˵ˣôһ;ܾˣ
СĿڣʲϲճĸԭʾͲϲǣǶʱȥҪġ
տɵĳĬһ
¥ʱǸԵӣЩʱԵȷʵԼĺӶŹ
ϹʲôأôܲϲԼĶӡԴЦпڣû£ʱһĸа취
ºͺ͵գԥһ»ǵͷǣ
ռʱ˾뿪ų˶Ϳվſڵˡ
ʹ£ǲǲϲ
ңǲǲϲ
ͬ漴һۣŤͷǣϱ˴˵֣һµĳŷﳽȥ
˵㲻ճų檡һ࣬˳Ʊ¥ʱĸ첲Цеˡ
¥ʱһˣڣ˵׼Ǳ㿴Ҫߡ
ίͰ͵Ŀ˵׽ȴֲҵģ¥ʱҲεúܡ
ٴζһۣȻþԵӣҪʲôӣⲻǸ
պһֱ¥ʱſţҵģֻҿҪȥһͯȥ
¥ʱĬδֹԼĪܾô¿С
ϲţոҪҲǲУǲܼ޳ȥġ
պĪҪŻˣôɣ¿һ¥ʱ߽ﳽ

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230 ӳ
 

صﳽһֽܺˡ
˵ˡǽܺȥ
üͷһֽӹ𿪣ּ˼
˰ԽԽȤˡ
ա
壬ȥﳽ·ϺȻһ־硣
һӣǰźΣˣһλװŮֺĿڣ۽üдŰ衣
㴹ļ̫Ҳ˵ʲô
ʺ󹬵Щӿɲ٣ֻʺڷﳽδ˵ҹλӡ
ͣӦ빬á
ū澲ҡܰعڣѾȾѪˣλ½Ųȵġ
صιǹù䲻ðһ䡣
̫ӵ¡һźĹսսڡ
ݮһ۾ͿǸСӣЦڣûϹ
ܴ֮ɫ۵СӣҲֻ̫һˡ
̫ӵ£λӳײҲֻý̽ذˡݮɿɲһСӱϥȻҲȥѡ
𣿡ȥƳܰϵѪɫü
ܰæס֣һСĳײ㡣
ǵطģһλ͸ڹʴǣ̹أ̹һлʺǹùţĸС
һҷسȹﲻмĿƳһλݮɣƿĿϣЦţ̫ӵ°Ҫȥ﷽Żᵽ˵ء
ﰲá̧һҾȻˣһӡȥɡ
šӦһĿ뿪֮󣬰ĿݮϣЦһܰ뿪
ԭΪԼѵܰæл뿪ת֮࣬ŷһݹ⡣
ССһݮҫ֪ΪȺŮǳص
ǣҪ֣λݮɾԼԼ
֪λǸƲ磬ݮҲȥִʲô˵ǣ檽ǡ
ЦЦŹֿڣ⹬棬ǼβˣܻĳһЩ
ǰͷһݮɣмĶһ仰ˣպ̫ӵЩʺƢǲá
ʺλǳ죬ȻܽϿȷʵܳ裬ʱҪײǹϣɱûѡ
ݮĿͻ뿪֮Ѿʵòӡ
ʺʲôһӵĻţ϶ֳģôܱȵòأ
ߵͿ¥ʱնڡ
ȻҪȥǸȥ߶߶ĪҪ⹬¥ʱļ뿪ˡ
ԭؿˣٻһЩӡ
յķԸ¥ʱҲܾôţߵߣԼ֡
붼ûץס¥ʱָ
ѵÿУȥĶĮޱȵľѹ
͸ؿڻشų֣ȥ
š¥ʱתתһ֮ȥˡ
ԭ˵źٴһȥδⲻƽ´ȥһͬȥҲͦá
ǲ¥ʱǰεģֻק¥ʱָóԵĺҲֻ۰ͰͿţδҪ
Ҫ¥ʱô֪ܲ⺢Щʲôֻ׾پõá
ͷҡͷ׺ĸ׽̵˷ѣȻϲǷҪɣֻΪһμӶࡣ
ǻԲӤʵС˵һѻһСŰ塣
̫ǽ̵ĲǰҲǸ۸ǣ
¥ʱְ̧һ£ûһȫһǺ«ݸ㡣
ͷȥԼҸף¥ʱͷֽ֮ӹȥ
ĿζպƣţնҪСغȾơ
Ǻ«ĸϲģСӦҲϲ
ͷĿڣϲϲġ˵̧ͷ¥ʱףȥĸ׺á
ɡ
һ·ûôȤȻ٣ҲʵʱĽѰҴ𰸡
ңһ·ϻ˲ٳԵģʻǺġ
¥ʱûʲôΨһĸо̫ˣ޲ֹؾأ˵ҲǰСһ
ţֹأиĺãҲҪһҪһ
ϾصעСһ֡
صѾ硣
һͬȥ糯¥ʱ˵Լ˼õ顣
̧ͷԼҸʣС࿪ڣֶûȫȥ˽ǵֻ¸ʶ
޷žУʲô׵Ĺʹ£ȻĸҲС
ǣ




231 ˣ
 

绪
Ǹвסӣ֪ԼĸҪȥλδĻʹùãԼҲвסˣŹȥ
ĵģһСſڣ̽Դ˿֮߹
ղͷȥ͵͵巶ʱֱͦ壬߹ȥģϥһ񿪿ڣμĸ󡣡
ֽ˱ϣλʹùáǱĺӣ巣š
Цһ˵Уһţɰ
巼ʹùãһЦݣһǳǳС
̧֣ɰ
ʹùÿԽţ˻ɰһһ۵ĿڣȻǸλСŰĻѧġ
ʧЦ֮಻ۣɰһСҲ˭µȥ֡
̧巵Դպ˿ɹʹùãǲ֪𣿡
ĸ󡣡巾˵һ䣬˵ĸ㣬Ƕʹùðɡ
㵵Ŀ巣ȻЩţղʲô
ֱ˵֡Ļ
ǣͯ޼ɣǻ׿˵Ҳô˵ɣ
ٿɩϰΪ޶˸п
㰡ղ᲻һ巵Դ
й˻ܺõǶȥ˵Լҫ˼
ɩͻֶǺ¡ЦЦɲʲô˼ˣֶǺܺãҲϣֳҸ
Ǻܺ
տˮŮˣĲЩ꣬绪òƢ˵ģġ
һŮ˶ǸϹ۵Կࡣ
ǧϣȻǵýúһ١
űҲϵġƾſ죬ڶҲʲô¡
Цˣֻǻı˺;Ǿͽɩˡ
ֻû
ʣͻ͵¥ʱʱһ֪ˡ
մ巻صﳽʱ򣬸Ȼ˵һߵǴСġ
ʲôһǺ«ݸ巣ԼҲռһ
ҧһźݵ¥ʱߡ
¥ʱһţϸ˽ȥڣȥһȦ
պɵĿ⸸û뵽¥ʱȥ档
ΪǴȥһȦͻˡ
ʺܺõġ濪ڣһͷԵ巣´ζҪһͬȥ
̧¥ʱĿЦһˣƢǲôãı䡣
ģĺǸʮˡ
㿴һһͬһǺ«ĸĸ˼
ԭǸʲϲԣǸĸһǺ«
ȥ糯¥ʱһǺ«գõģڡ
̧ͷȥǩһߣһԾԾԵ㣬š
ȻǸ˼Ҳȥ
ҪѲӪȥտŻڳԵ巣ǧþ˹ġ
ȥɣšˣԼȥСץĻ¥ʱϲȥʲôɱɱĳ档
֪ܲ˵˼Ϊ֪źΣ֪ˣͷİɡ
ЩԷô£
ΪĸģĻǲţرݡ
һתԶ
֪ġ¥ʱһȿ˵
һˣǵġӻء
¥ʱһ޹
û˵ʲô
ա
¥ʱȥ˽ǵ̫վһߵСӣͷΡ
µʱ巴һ۵ȹ߹
ĸ簲ϥһ
մȹ󣬿ǰСЦſڣŴϹ𣿡
ĸǲҪȥӪЦеߵߣСָһȹڡ
ֹȵ巣ձʾԼΣ㸸ʿǲȥĸʲô취
ĸ~ˣһˣ϶ôģʹȥĸ~巵Сקյȹǽ޷ܾ
һ˫ˮ۾գգգ͵ģֹ̡
ĬĬƿĿ⣬֪¥ʱΪʲôֵסˡ
ĸ~ĸˣĸʹȥɡƵǰ棬קյֻΰΡ
ǿԼ̧ӣȻʧЦ
ҲֵﱻˣǻϿˣҪֻˡ
УҲûˣͶӦ
СϲЦݣҡҡͷȥϴ




232 ¾
 

ϴ֮տ巻ҩԹ緹֮󣬾ʹ巳ˡ
¥ʱ糯֮ȫǰ˴¡
̧ͷ¥ʱϲŭӣҲ֪ԼҸʵǸʲô顣
˵ûУϾ˵Ĵ̫ˡ
ˣȥɣķ츳ҲãպҲױ۸ȥ
أȥӼˡ¥ʱƲһߵˣ˵
̧һҾˡ
¥ʱ뿪֮ת߽鷿
մȥ˾Ӫ
СδȬô˴ˣ濴ŷ۷۵ĺӣ̧һҾοڡ
⺢ƫҪս˵ݸ棬ȥߡ
̧һҾǣּ
ԼСȣó汧ſϿ뻮һĶ飬ŷ⡣
壬ҽѧ𣿡۰Ͱ͵Ŀų棬̵ѯʡ
ʱù˵ЩɱķĽǺεȵӢ˲һҲͺˡ
⴦ѪĳԽᶨԼ뷨
ǿɲСˡ
Ҫ巸ѧ䣬Ͽ϶ˡ
һֹһ¥ʱһա
տǱȻϸΪ£Ȼ֪նСΪǵҪͷŵģϾĺӡ
ˣʹӦŰɣ己ųĲȵһġ
̾ҵǸǸСӡ
ǸСȻҪǸҪ
С岻Ӧ㣬ĲҰĿڡ
֪Լҵĸʺĸ󣬶ʱߺ尡һҪ˵һĸ󣬺òãò
úúãúúãһС˵һ»ʺЦЦλ²СھӪ߶
һЦݡ
һȦЦеСֱվԭء
׼Ҫѧ𣿡ղһ䣬ųºͳӣֱҡͷ
ȻʧЦ֪ŮĪĸѾͷһ·ˣҪҽҲ֪϶СǺεȳ谮ĸҰ
ⷽ츳Ҿȥʦɽڣ̧У
巴ӳߵߣĿģĸԵ𣿡
Ȼ
ȻպһŮӴɱɱǺܺãǣŵ¼֮ãҲǲܡ
ֱЦ
Ȼ̻ܼܿ࣬𣿡ն巡
巰֪Ŀա
տһ۳棬ʱ֪ʲô
СЦЦ巵ȥһˣʶһѧһ¡
ĸص棬ս˯ŵ˸㣬Լطﳽˡ

¥ʱһƣˣһҳ顣
Σ
һߵֽӹǵĲˮһڣܲϾǳԲʿ
йŵ顣¥ʱ̧Ƴһˡ
ǹ˼ⷽ츳ص˱ܻκȴ쵽˾ӪŻ÷졣
ȥʦɽ̵ş̌ͷȥûжķԣ΢΢һ飬ֲԣαһͬء
Ҫѧˣǿ࣬ҲϷ
ǡ¥ʱЦһĸ׵ڣ²ͬҲǰ״
ȻҪɽˣô˵մӦϰˡ
նӦˣٷԲɣ
¥ʱԷ鼮̵ᳫǵɰãҲݾݣֻСǴȻݡ
ôеĹȫ˦
˵˻¥ʱ
¥ʱѲ
ǻлϵһֹ𣿡ЦеĿڣſֱۣϣ檺۰ˡ
⻰˼ǣգȻȥݺӣ
鵽ͷĴˣ
һضûˡ¥ʱ߳һ䣬߹ִ̧˴ţ̫ûйػʹ¡
˻ϣ檻ܶ˭أק¥ʱ콫˫ֻסĲӡ
¥ʱı˱޵ȥ
˰ˡշҲһˣϰˡ
ڴϣ¥ʱ˵顣
Ҳˣܻܲô㲻ԺҲãȳȥ˼ʱĴ㡣
˵¥ʱҲͷ󣬴ͳһźݸȥ
ãȵ۽޷죬˲ǵˣ·ʦ֣ͺܻصϯ
̧ͷһ¥ʱֽŵͷȥ




233 ˵ƾ
 

죡һĿʮпȥһ;ÿǸݽɫ˶ǣǲ
ԼѾˣ¥ʱû뵽⿴ݣһ¥ʱµĺݽɫ
֪ôܵϾģôһ¥ʱվһߣдһѾ
սֽһߣ¸пܵϷǡ
Ҳûа취ΪĸǿΪ˺ӣʲô鶼ó
ϣ㲻óҲǸݽɫ𣿡̧ͷ¥ʱϵɫգ檲Ǹݽɫôܻ᲻ǻϡ
˵ƾ˵¥ʱͷǰŮң˵˻ǻ᷸˵ˡ
һȣǴԹࣿ
˵ģͷβһ£ǾЩ˼أǴδκһ˻ôİݡ
ǲ绻һ˵ǸݽɫȻշ˳ֻסһĿ
ҲΪշһ
յ͵ЦЦЦţͳˡ
ȴôһλõˣһƬ죬ȥеѪȷ磬ƽʳǵĻš
¥ʱ̧ıԽԽСˡ
Щȴ˳飬ʡĵʱǳʲôϰԴº͡
ǰ¥ʱʶԼĮ塣
šս䵽¥ʱ·ϣ̧ͷĿ⣬һ޹Цݡ
¥ʱĬ
ˣǰýǼƺ󰲷֡տ¥ʱвĿ˵˱ͺܶˣΪʲôҪأ
ϲͽˣû㡣¥ʱԼӳҪµӡ
Ϊգÿ·Ҫ
У˵ġ
˵ġ
绪
Թϰȥɢɢ˲˵Ի
žδ˾ʹŶӻ˻ҵ档
ϰһŭҪȥѵһ⼸ȴסˡ
˵ʵǱ㣬ѿ˵סı
ȥͷ˰ɡº͵ɤ˵Ļ˵
Ȼͷż֮Цӯӯգһʱʧԡ
̫ȥקȥˡ
ƳһչĹǣЦſڣɥ򱾾ͱŸиʲô⣬ǵľ壬Ҳ𡣡
ɩա
Ϊ˱ȫ
ǻұҥôĺӶ⵽ʲô
ɩˡ
Цڣǳأ˾ӣƢҲͷ֪𣿡
ǰЦſڵŮˣһ˲
ĸǰ˵
ǣ֪ˣͻɩˡϥһϵЦݶϡ
¥ʱվǶŮӣߵߣδڡ
һϥһ񣬡òμ֣Щ과òûˡ
ɡ¥ʱ֣һߵգĮڣ˾ͲҪίԼȱʲô˵ǡ
ǣл֡ϥһ󣬰վһߡ
ϰڿĵᶼҪˣ˻ϵ仰ټϻʺպ˭ӵˡ
ˡ
̧ͷվ¥ʱĿȻ
֣־ȻҲԸվһŮ
ٶҲԼֻԼ˲Ż׻ֶŻɩεĺá
ǣպ绪һܣо飬ͳɩһҲɩ
ūϥһ񣬶̧ͷˣð׷׼ݷһ
׷ˣ
ķˣĭ
ϰ˵ɩѲһֽɩȻġ
ɩ㣬Ҳɷѿˡ
лɩΪɩ͡ϵĿڵл
ЦЦ˵һ˲˵һ
תȥĵۺ򸾣ЦĽп֮Щˡ
ϰڣ㿴Ϻͻɩĸð
Լ޷ֵȻһŮӵӰӡ
ϰڲԼҵȥɢԣЦǰū澿ഫأ϶ԻʺǺܺá
ϵʲôö͵˷ﳽڷﳽЩҲ˵ˣҲν̸ʺǡ
˵ɩǺøǰҫ޸֮ҲٳǧŮ˫ȫ
ϰ̾һʺȷʵӮҰ
ͷԼĶӣ︡Щıˣ૿ڣлɩһͺˡ




234 巻ʹù
 

ϰڼڵ沢δ˵ʲôֻǼϵЩ˵ɫΪԼҵɥˡ
ǣڰĪҪˣûиҽ˵˵²ɹ˼ΪеС£ҪЦЦ
ɷε̧ͷϰڣ̧Դ֪ϰСѾͷͲҪˡ
ǵЦݶûˡϰ̧뵽ԼԽˣϥһ񣬡ūʧԡ
޷ɡ΢ַ̧ϰڣȥɡ
ǡ

巴ӹӼеĻף
ڹˣûֵƤףͷһԼֶӣЦеĿڡ
ҡҡͷ֪ϾҺæϾʱ䶼鷿档
֪ЦеĿڣףǱֹ̫ܵϣ⼸찲˲١
ĸ˵籾ԲκĸסףҡͷԵĿڣֱƲƲǣǲ̫ϲˤһӣҿǱĸ˺ü
˵Ҳһ̧ԼһҲϲ
㿴ֱҡͷϲͲϲɣֻ
ֻʲôͷԼҸ磬ߵߣקӣ濪ڡ
ĬĬԼӳֻ̫н˵̫׼ѡ˶þͻӭһЩӡ
ʶšüͷСһţϲǣ
㿴巣̧һԴҵĺӺͰҵĺҲҪҲ᣿
⣡ĿԴϵ֣ɷ¿ڣĸ˵˲ŮͷҪԺ󳤲ߣһҪһˣ
ʱ򡣡ЦЦĺȥʹùΣ
ð巵ͷڡ
ףҲûԡ
Сܲͷһ߳Զղͷǵš
ǹҲȥӼ࣬ԳȥʡõʱκҪʲô۶ӡ
ūáϥһ񣬴ӹӹһӷһߣƵĵģ
ӣһʱȻ̫õҵ
ǵͷȥ˵һ䡣
뿪СӣճһڹӣǲС𣿱Щȥϡ
һȻˣϥһЦſڵūѾ׼ˣҪȥ𣿡
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һʳиں档
԰
ѵñϰڴɢģԺӵİٻţȻ˲١
ʹùã
ͷȥͿԴӱס
һקסҪѾܵĵСڵţĸ˵㶼ĪҪɱܣС
已ͷ㣬һίͰͣǿ
κ֪˵ƢΪĿ
ȹӵָߡ
ףһڿϷ
СӣĿϣ˲߹Ȼʱ¥ʱ
ؼʹùá
ףμ¡
һһ̧ҾСӣɸпһ䣬⹬ĺӶͬ͵Ѱ죬ء
żʹùãϥһ񣬶ЦеĿڣʹùñȼǰÿˡ
ˡЦ巣̧Դ찡߯ˡ
ûС巰Сֻʵʵ˵ʹùãҺ˵ĸ˵ˣֻлʹùϷ绪ĸ֡
ûһŮ˲ϲĻ
һһ۵ĿڣҲǱЦ棬ſǸС
Ӵⲻǵĳ𣿡һЦ
߲ƣ߲λҪĺ
ãôһȽϣûɩ̫ãȻĺƢΪġ
ִ̧ϰϣͷŲԶǰӵصŮˣЦſڣҲ֪λٴǻɩ̫ã˲֪ص
ɥǱ˹˰ɣû˵ʲôݮƳĶӣ֮ɫ
ҶԻʹùô񣬱ҪøʰԴժˣǰǰ˫ֲڡ
巵Ƣ㲻Ͽɰɣֻ¥ʱǰװǰȫǺߡ
ַ̧
ҫݮɿС㣬︡Ĺ⣬Цݿڣ㸸谮ӣҫûϻɱ˱𣿡
ʲô᲻õģԴɿˣʿǺģһʹùǸʵãһèԻʹùòӦҪ壡
ݮɶȴôĴ̶ٿվһ߻µ㣬




235 
 

ŵԼǰˣůůǶݣֽǣЦſ˵ֻǲڹＸ꣬û뵽⹬
ݮЦ
ԶǺվǶš
źɱ巣ȻʧЦ
治ǻϺĺӣƢȫ˵ġ
ֵ̧򦣬ѾͷƢǸŻѧġ
˵ǡǷһ䣬ȴĬĬ̡
ȻǾǰȥˣӸԴϽ⡣ڲԶ
˻ͷȥ֮ͷڵվǶš
ʺգ
̫ǰѹסݮɣ˳óסͣ׼ȥ
տݮɣЦſڵðӿ󡣡
ϥһ񣬡ɩ
ˡհ֣Լãһ
С¶޷ҲΪһλˡ
ͷ뿪֮󣬿ĿݮɣηŹˣһλ֪Լα
磬նݳ
ῪڣױݣҾǲðһưɡ
̧ͷһλˮĻʹùãȻˣֻҪǻʹˣᣬɱ۾գһµġ
߰ɣǰĻЦſڣúǼʶֵѪȡ
㺰߹ȥ
·˷һ֡
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뿪ˣͷһۺ󣬸Էֿȥ顣




238 ֮
 

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239 ȳ
 

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ʵԵı¼֮ϵЩǿһΪֻǻ̫ƫˡҵĻ⣬ڡ
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240 һ
 

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ԾĻ𻨣˵һ䣬ָϵ˿ָתһȦ
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241 㷣
 

ڡ
յ˶֣˴ӱˣһ
ŵԼǰĵӣҼ循ޱȵĿڣ㲻ɱң巵Ľҩ棡
ɱ
£ɻûʦⲻ˵Ķҩ
һҸҶ־Ҫñȫ׼
ὣȥһ˷Ҽࡣ
¾һʱ
˷ңһڡ
տûǸȥɱ¾ɽ
տһ˯巳Ϳ
ǲǸˣ¥ʱŭӣбҪһȥȻʱյ³Ǻܲҡ
뵽¥ʱǽһ˫ֱۿڣҡд
뿪ʱ¥ʱʲôǲ֪飬ԭ˿ץ
ɻֻĶһ仰ת뿪
ӵӽܹ飬᲻öʲô
տıӰԼһûԡ
º󡪡
ȫܽ鷿ԼһϿıĿ⣬ϣʺˣ
Ŷ¥ʱֶһ£ʼӡ
ȫվһ߿¥ʱЦ
˲ڵʱ򾪻ųʲôնǵѹʺַӾͱѩˡ
ϣˡ
¥ʱǺֱ뿪ȫ˵һĻôס
ȫ¥ʱʧӰæȥ
¥ʱû߳鷿Ĺžͺӭײˡ
մЦӣ¥ʱԼĽŲһ
һûķһſ
ϲ볼𣿡Խż߹ȥ
¥ʱߵԼߣקסյĸ첲ڵ롣
Ĳ룿մȥ̧Լ¥ʱԴһ£ϣķǵ桭ɰ
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𾭣ٱ顣¥ʱק̶ֽڼϣ빬󲽶ȥ
¥ʱְţκԼǸһ¥ʱڼϣҲԵúܸЦ
֣֣һȥһ£һһţǺ֣
ԼѶһ£Ӳ˵
֪Լˣ¥ʱ㲻Ҳ֪ƿˡ
߽޵ձڴϣվڴߵˣڣһ·ӱ޸ϻ㣬۰
¥ʱΪ
ȻƲʹˣǾֻõɽˣϴ˶ϡ
ȥ¥ʱ˵꣬︡һ˿ҵˣڵ㣬𾭲겻̤빬һ
յɴ۾ˣߵ໰ȥŤͷڴϣͷˡ
¥ʱӣȥ˵ЬȥǺñӲ뿪
ܹ
ϴûԼϲȹӣһͷ
»ͺãǲ֪Ϻൣ㡣㿴ǰСЩ¡
𴽰꣬תͷһ㣬ԴƲֵĿڣǵʱʺĸôĮ
ҵĵ°飬ôȥأεĿڡ
ĸأ已ͷ㣬أ
⡣¥ʱ߽ŷ۷۵Сһ⾭ûݣˡ
ʣȥȥ¥ʱ
סڣ£Ϲء
ϥһ񣬡ū澲μϡ
已òϢģ߹¥ʱɵţʣĸ
ù˵ѣʻǺǰһĿⶼºˡ
֪룬ŻǿЦðɡ
һǰźǸСģһСĴ˻ϵùͷ
빬𾭰ٱ顣¥ʱ߹ȥֽ˱ڻպԼСЩ߲Ҫ뿪ˡ
ǡӦһ£Լĸ󱻽㷣𾭣ֹĿ¥ʱ
¥ʱ͸âգգ۾ͱϡ
һӵĻҲ˵ˣ˭øʿôء
ðɣǺܿµġ
ʣǶ۵ĸ󣬸Ҫĸһ𷣰ɡק¥ʱĿڡ
¥ʱͷŻĺӣüһŶҲҪ𾭣
~ק¥ʱӣʣĸҲһΪ˶ĸɣ£øĸģ÷
޺˭סɡ
¥ʱ򴽲
ʣ~ˡ巻ĸ첲ԡ




242 ֻ
 

¥ʱŽС̧һգҲûá
己죬޻˵
аɣڸҲֻĸˡ
ʵǶԲĸ
Ҳʮ顣¥ʱ˷һߣ׼뿪
ĬĬԼ°Ĭӡ
˭޷˵ϰɡ
СʱߺҲû˵ʲôͷɣʱĸһ𷣳á
Լڷָܹȥ빬¥ʱ巵ΣίͰ͵ӣҡͷȥ
ߵſڣͿһ·ܹ㣬¥ʱֽסˣڣððʧʧʲô
̧ͷ¥ʱվ̧֮һҾûˣǰʷģ̫õĹѾˡ
¥ʱ̧Դ棬ȥɣʱ㰲š
ǣлʡ
¥ʱ뿪ͷŹ㣬Ծ𴽰꣬ʺˡ
ɲ
ʺˣҲǰˡ
ҡҡͷȥ
֣ԼҸſڣҲԼûЬӣȥȥ
ۼֿ˸̻һΣ̫ӵֲˣɵעһЩ
巾죬Цǰְ˱˺ˣίģⲻͣĸϹ𣿡
֣Һ㰡己ĲӣҲûң
룬ʱûίɣ㽫巷Ͼһĺӣ巻мֳġ
ûУǲΪңĸҲܿ졣קӲ֡
ʵһ£ӦǸϲճλͬɡ
̧Դû¾ͺã´βˣ֪𣿡
Ҫ棬Ҫ˾Լһ֣Ȼŵĸ
͹վһ㿴ţûһףͳȾˣҲˡ

¥ʱʱѾ˯ȥˣû£޷Ҳû
˵˯ǲصģͲ·ʱ
¥ʱϥڴϣյԴڱСժηһߡ
Ҵñǣ¥ʱҲûĸ˼ȥˣڴߣһϲμǷ
¥ʱ˺ѡ
Ҫգ¥ʱקְҪԡ֮ԡ
ԡɡһͷҵϣĴһǷͲó˯һ𣿡
ոá¥ʱָҵĳһѣ˯ǡ
߱ӾͲ˵ˣѱѹ£ñӰԼһš
֮˯˾ûб̵ֽ
û˾ͺܺáպһַߣһڣ˯˯źȻ㻳Ǻܺô

Ҫˡ¥ʱԼ֣ӡΪοڡ
ҶӲһȻǽͷ۵⡣
š
ԡ֮󣬻һȹ㷢ȥ¥ʱš
ԹȥԺɢˡ
빬ĺԺܺͷﳽıȣڼԼ
Щ嶼ˣ
յͷ˷ڵķңһ
¥ʱ֮е飬ҶΪҲжš
ԺҪôçײǿͷй¡
šüĿڣ֪ʲô㣬ҲܵģҾԼȥ㱾ͺæˣҲΪĸۡ
¥ʱĿһݣ濪˵㲻Ǹۡ
֮õıʲôۣǺ˵˵
¥ʱҪǵɷ㣬ʲôҶ֧㣬ҪҳһƬ죬ҲһƬ죬Ҳ۵ʱԵЪЪ
̧ͷͷ˵̫ۣһֱӡ
¥ʱ򴽣ͫŰԵʾգΣĿڣգ»Ҫӡ
һ˶㵽һŮһӢҪҪˣ
Ļ֮£ů⣬࣬ȥһƽߣ˱ܶࡣ
ӿԳ㻹ںǸ𣿡շһ䣬Ťͷ¥ʱᣬ۾ûеֻֿҪһеͶ
ҲܣҾҲľȥҲһܳǿһ𿸡
Ů¥ʱ͵Ц̧Դã㣬㡣
ʲôذܾԼ˵һҪ£Ҳ뷽跨ѽɽ͵档
ֻȷʵǿưԵһ㣬ˣԼһԼƢ
ĺһݰص棬ֻһ˿Լ
ס֣Լտڣ˵飬һ𸶳һܣһ˸һܡ֪ҪǿǰҪ㣬ҵġ
Ҳֻҵģ
úúãģֻģ˲ÿ




243 κ
 

ʲôĻӰ¥ʱӿ뻳пһ䡣
Ҳ֪ʲôĻӣ֪ҲҺ޲ڸӲıأң˭㣡
¥ʱǣɢʮ꣬һҪһƬ죬վ˵Ҫǿʲôһ𿸡
һ˲ô˵أ;ԼԭҲôܣҲ˵Ҫ
ⱲڵĶģԼĻյġ
иܵõرĸõҪĻر
һȦվͿʼˣһٱ𾭣µ֮ǰ뿪빬ˡ
¥ʱҲǺôǲҡ
һȥһ£һŶ÷÷
糯
Բ˻ϵܲ٣ĵѹǲˡ
ʺǺð
ʵӣ㱨һʱһС
սЩصһˣŵĿɿڴ
⡭
˵һ治ǻʺ
¥ʱԣĽҲЩΣȻˣǾȥʰһ£֮ͨפӣߡ
ǡ̧һҾ
һٲ绢ϯĹҪźܶˣ£ֻҪЩɽܴϾ֪ǶôҪĹؿ
ϯҰǲֹմ˾٣춨һĻ
ǱΣ¥ʱӷϣѯһ±߽ս¡
ˡ
ȥ̧һҾһаãƺҿսԽ̵λӹʡ
¥ʱЦһȻǳ˲Ҫ磬ǹݵģͲ°ѹƼ˱ҧһڡ
ȥСˣ¥ʱŰָѯʡ
︡ϼּڽֿڣ⼸ˣʱǻͬһͬսͼϷִϯ
ϣǿЦ
ǼηӦ¥ʱԿ棬ֳ̧ڡ
̧߳һҾʾõϵĵطܿڣҲϡ
㲻Ҳûϵշǣš
š
糯֮¥ʱةȥ鷿
Ҫûʮ޷ͣսġ˵꣬ľָżС鲼ĵطǽսϯɾɶˡ
Ƭط÷ԲͷڵʧΪһӣֻǽˣǷֱڶ
һͻˣֱǲǷַӵ𣿡¥ʱŵĵطԣðһ
ͷ¥ʱĿĵطҲû˵ʲô˼ڣ׻˵úãӢѹ˹أǵҲûжộͼˣ䣬ʱֱǲǷַӵ𣿡
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û뵽ӵҲҪ
˼ſԣͷÿС
¥ʱ֣ڣÿǾȥʵʩ
һ۷̧һҾȿڣǾͷةˡ
ţ
Це񣬷·һȺպХ
ɻǿӻ
ȥɡ¥ʱƳһλة࣬ƿڡ
ֻ̧ҾӦ
ӹʱ򣬾Ϳκſڵ
²ܳǾǴ
ʲôȥ˵ɡñժݸСˣȥ
κߵڵݡʺˣ
ԣˡյ̧ͷҲмֲá
һ˦ӣ˭˭鶼á
أκеĿʡ
΢΢üԣǿǹ£
ǻκеĿѯʡ
ͷüţŻôҪκҰʺѾһˣ˷һ
κֱԼĶ䣬ĿŷȻûзӦ
ʲô˰ʲô˰Ϊǵû֪ǲ׽Ҫһ򾡡ڡ
己Юһ£Ҳжţûֱӵ֤֤κҲûвֱͣκ϶ǲˡ
Ҫة˵λãð˼һգﲻǿĸ׵ķϲһġ
²յ׼뿪
κȥסܣⲻܣƭңôңǿ壬Ҳֹһңôȫɱˣܣܡ
ʲôҵģһѡ
ŷŭκֽƿڣѰɣΪܵģܵǹȣǻϣ
κڵأŷĮ뿪ıӰֿЦ




244 κ
 

һȻһ
ôܻõǿ尡ʲôèļ尡
һߵĲ̵Ŀκ֪Լ˭ϲΪͬͷ˲÷Ĵ
κ˫ŵ棬ŷ˵Ļɫ仯޳
ܵǹ¥ʱȡ
ȡ
Ժֳ︡һʵ뷨
ǹȵˣ
ܣⲻܵģȲŮӣǸδı飬ܣܡ
ǣΪʲôҪ˵أ
¥ʱʦӹȣΨգҫϢͶ֪ˡ
գܣŮôܻʦйȣ
κҡͷµ뷨
Ƿˡ
ˣˡںͼκħк
ǡ
κһУء
ӶʱˣҴ
һҺ󣬷١
ϲˣϲˣˡ̧һҾϲ
ֵ̧Ŷͷһ۴ϻԲѵŮˣ̧ͷʹ˵ͷˣȥЩǮմմϲ
ǣлˡһҾȥˡ
ʱ֣κתѡ
ԣʶֻ̧Ÿ̧ͷڲԶķڵ
κ̬Ҳ˵ţͲӻˣڹҲãʡСƤײ㣬㰲̥ʲôܺͳ˵
κ򴽰֪꣬ԼĴҲΣ˳ŷĻ˵ȥţ֪ˣֻǣܲܽȥ
ԡ˵̲֮ס䣬ĪҪͻʺﳪʺ˲ġ
û£Ȼ˵
ϾûбŮˣ
ǣ֮𲻹죡һҪ
֪ˡκסĺ⣬˳Ŀ
˳ӷ˷ķ֮ģʺκһӣǲ޵Ļôܣ
ˣһˣҲƲʲô
κԹ緹ȥæԼ顣

ˣ˵Ī歡
һɿںóԵķˣæǰæοڣǴι𣿡
ɷĿ㿴Լˣҵİ
㰡ָĶͷһ¶ǸŻʺóԺúȣ־Ǻõģˡ
˵˾ˡʢһݹȥ汼ҲﲻʲôæҲֻܺúÿҵ
޺֮ǣҪԷƱָʢһǰˡ
ֶЦлл
ٿۣÿҹﵣĵ˯ţֻҪ仰Ͳˣ֮¡
Ժ³ͽȥɣ޸ģģ̇ͷССں正˵һ䣬ȷ
̧ͷҾһЩܼ飬ûлʺı¿԰ֵ񣬵һԱů
ҪǸ£ͷҪˡϷŰһ䣬ͶĽӾͺܺã³ԣǲȥ᲻̫ۡ
歺񣬵ڣۣĸԸ
պ˵ˣЦڣĪǷ˾ãҪץסΪ򣬾͵ҪץסΪθ
ȡûУ歺ΪԼ粵һ䡣
ӵݹȥǡ
歽ӹӣûĴĻ죬ʳԣ
ⶼϷ޵ˣô
ǡϲġ
Ц˵ǾҪ˸ˡ
Թͽȥףˡ

ȥʱ򣬾Ϳǰ棬ƺʲô⣬һȺܼҡ
歲ͷһ񣬼ҡͷ㽫ߵĻȥ߽ȥվһ߿СƵĺӡ
ûһжˡ
ͷȥͿպһˡ
żվͿλĺӣεӣɤӿһ
ĸ󣡡̧ͷſڵվһϹأǰ̧һҾĸ󡣡
ֽ̧˷ˡ
үүֳ̡̧һҾ
֣̫ӵ¿ˣ
һܽܵĳƺЦЦ
û취˭ִء
Ѿϰ歲ܽܡ̡һƺ̧һҾĸ
̫ӵ¿ˡЦſڡ
ȺףҲǰ
Լĸߵһߵڣĸ󣬸ʲǰôˣ
̧Ǽ⣬ĸϷʡúã㸸ʾͰѽˣֻҪ𾭡
üһ
ֱˣ




245 ̵
 

治ǻϣ֪𾭣ⷣ𾭡
ԣͷյ֣ĸû¾ͺãȻþȥĸء
ĸϬЦſڣ߹ѵةˣʲôľʡ࣬ͲӴˡ
СӴ⡣潫ҲƹȥЦſڣСʱ򲻴򰡣˲ˡ
һ飬ˣ̺Ӳá
շͷĻĴ֣һ϶ҪѪСǳ𣬸ôʹˣʡĳ֮ź
正Ҿ޻˵
æ֮гպյ˵һ䣬ɣСʱҲǳ󣬳Ҳǳơ
ĴָʺŮкܰ
ǣɲǾŮк𣿰ǰһֱӰ˼һˡðһ䣬˫۾΢΢һ飬ȥúÿ飬ʲô֡
Ӳòͷдֽϵ֣˼ڤ롣
Ŀϣɷǽ
Ҳһ档
ʲô˵ģҲǵһΰ˼һˡ¥ʱ߽󻹸һλ벻ˡ
ʦ̧һҾ
ЦЦ·Ͼ˵ǻʺ磬Ϊʦϸ
¥ʱߵվš
߹̧һۣ
ò̧һҾ
־ϲĿλˣû뵽Ĺôᡣ
ﺧȻ
ʺȻǹͽܣ˵ȲŮӵ
Ťͷһ¥ʱѯʣôʦһ
ǲȻأ˭¥ʱķһ䡣
տ˽ǳ
ûгԣȥһûдһŻ
檻ȥѰŲϡֺЦЦ
¥ʱһЦǡ
˵Сأڡ
治֪˭˭Եģ˵¥ʱճԵģ¥ʱοʩչأ
ʵ˵հ¥ʱԵģαġ
һ£Ȼӡ
˯ˡһ¼򣬡ʦȻ˾ͲҪˣ˳Сһ˰ɡ
ţЦˣǴⰡ
ѹְԭǸðȥȵģ˭һһԭи
ȶȤʦ̺ӣȤ̧֣ϸôгԵкȵģкӿԲǲʹֲΪأ
ףʲͷָһ̧һҾСӸǲ̹һҲǽ̣ĸҲǽ̣߶
Ц
ܵùָһǿ֮õ飬Դż˲Ż᲻ͬ⡣
뿴һһ͵ֱֶҡͷ˰ˣҽ̣ʡѾͷЩʲôΪʦ
ĸҰ޹һЦ
һ񣬡㲻ҵǶȥɣҺͺӴһ
յͷ¥ʱĸ첲߳ȥ
ﳽ
ų˫ɶԵӷޣȻ档
Ƿĺӣ׼ȥ߽档¥ʱƳһ棬ڡ
ڹﶨȻûģȥȥ˱߽ҲܻסֱͲ
澪ϲĿ¥ʱĿȥ𣿡
ԡ
ȹӹڵϿͷлϣһս³
¥ʱͷգĿλдţһ㡣
޹һЦ
ȥɡ¥ʱñʲôˣǳϱ׺ҲţûаëǮϵ֮һԱ
ЩȵĿŽο˵棬ȻǰЩš
󽫾ķˣͷܣЩ˽
ԭǲŵģǴŲǴţʵ
ͷлǹ˼ųȣͳնˡ
ûһһֽž͹ˡ
˶ӵݸգҿ
ֽӹȥһ֮ݸ¥ʱףȻѡѧ䣿
¥ʱһ֮󣬽ֽŵݸ
ȾȻѡ䣬ˣһΪѡ䡣ֽŵݸ棬Ŀѯʡ
濴һۣǺѡı׼ʲôС˫ȫҲһ飬ʡǸç
ʱǿɲҪۡ뿪˵һ䡣
¥ʱûʲôоܱܽºֺá
Ҳû˵ʲô֮á
Ƕ뿪֮ղͷ¥ʱص治סʦϿ
Ҳѡ¥ʱȥ鷿ûء
յͷ




246 ̫
 

Ȼ㶼ܰΪʲôͰأ¥ʱһ䣬ͷĪɫָ̧һԱ
ƳһˣָõĵطҺزһ
ʲôһģңԼǻȹ̵ĸϿɡ¥ʱץסĸ첲߽鷿ɿˣԼȥǰӡ
ȥǰδ鷭ģʦ̵ġֻµʱٲһƬǺˡ
˰̵һЩã
¥ʱӣüͷ΢΢
̧ͷȻǺõġ˵ߵߣԣѯʣЩͲסҪˣ
¥ʱ㶪һߣ˽߱ԼǾôϯǰˡ
ң˭Ըһȣÿһ˶Ϊ֮ϵǣ˶ܳΪġ
֮˿ɲֹǼղڷϣһݵӣڰϵ𣿡
ģ¥ʱЦһλЩϵ黹𣿡
ŴϯԽԽǿȺ֮һ³ԤϵˣҪһȺ˲һԸϯɱǿɾͱĺ̤ƽйҡ
Цһˣ޹⼸꣬ϵ黹
ѣսңⶼ̫ƽˡ
Ǹʲôƣƺ䣬ǳ̫ӺʷĿˣǳ̫һ˱ֳȻճʵ۵ҰͿսˡ
̫ӵʵǸܡ¥ʱһ淭һźݸԼ
Լ
ֽӹźһߡ
̫ӲʳʵĽһ˵㣬λʵҲͲһǻʽ
ίʵʰλ̫Ҳʲô˺ˡսֽװŷ棬ЦﾡΨ²ҵζ
¥ʱͷһˣ²ӣЩ޻˵Σһ仰ô㻹Цó
ĽһĽ㣿պЦڣ²Ȱɣ
¥ʱɲʲôˣĺΣҪôɲ⽫ŷŮۡ
ջعƵĿڵôһ˵ҾóûбѾǺܲˡ
¥ʱҡͷ˵ʲôˡ
֪Тȣ̫ôѾǸԼһ۵㣬жĹʷ϶һһ¼򣬡ʵͦģŪҩֻҪ߲𣿺αأ
¥ʱֳ̧ŶͷôԽ˵Խű߼ˣĿڣգҲǵĸˣܲܲҪ
ϰֵ߱߱ܵ黹𣿡бһˣɱװһɾֻͳˡ
ȵ۵Ҳ٣Ϊʲôλֻ֮ʣ³һˣаأ˵Ҳ֪ġ
¥ʱЦһЩֵεˣɱѲǹ
ѵܹӺжѵҪ˵˰ɣʵվԼ˭ûյ
㡭ж԰ɣ
̧ͣ㣬㸸Ҫϵ̫λµۣأ˳Ȼ߱λأ
ֻϲ¥ʱյ֣ڡ
λƵĸʣϵǸʱ򲻹޷֮
һ˵ܷ֮ĿɳҲԭģҲ£̫ôʣһǺ޶˲Ż²ߣϧԼ
˺úõ˽һĻ
𣿡¥ʱķһ䣬ⶼźԳ飬㳭ķ𾭳𣿡
Ϊ˽Űƹȥ
˵ģҲеķŲŻϻ
УⲻҪæ𣿡һĿڣŲ¥ʱЦȥһ߿
ȫ߽һߵĻʺҷĻ㱨ˣϣ洫Ϣةķˡ
Ŷһڣȫϸ˵뱾
ȫ̧һҾ
²¥ʱǾ̫ˡ
ǰȫЦеĿں¥ʱ˵Ǻø˴жλǲǾˣ
𣿡¥ʱڣ㲻֣ĵλˡ
ȥһ£ⷽةķ˿һ㣬˼ӣûһõġ
һУǰ
պ޹ʦģô죿
ѡû˸õ㲱ϱȥ¥ʱƽϡ
סŮ︡Ц⡣
ԼͿκŹͷˣܰԼժøɸɾһ޹˵Լû
ŲҪգ¥ʱðһ䣬ٶ˵һ͹ӣʡС
ڨڨ졣




247 渰߽
 

ᡣ
ʰöֱһһˣ֮죬˷Ӧ
ϵ߽Ҳͻʮ졣
Ӫ
߽λϵˣߺһ䣬󽫾ˣ
ǵĽ˶Դ󽫾ذԶǧϹ󽫾
澪̧ͷı󲽳ȥ
ǣŰ߹Ůˣšüͷȥôˣ
ҪأǾȴһ˵ɿùһߵ彣׼ʱνһܡ
ǧϹ˵ѯſھʣģôῴôһľأ
ַ̧㲻ҪˣӪصϷ֡
ܾĺ޲÷ְѳǸš
̫ˣͳôٯٯģƽ͵˵ͺܲˡ
ͺܺˣʲôأ
˲ˡҲľϲɸֵӣ֮ܳΪȤζɣ
һǵ۳ȥĳе㰴Ͳסˡ
ӪȻʳǣҲ᲻Կ࣬ȻͰˡӹİͳǣȥһ·ǿӱ޵İɣ
ǲȻأһ߸·һɽˮ¶ˡ
ӻ𣿡߽񣬳潫Ͱһߣδ棬Ӻ汧ס˴פҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱ䣬ҪٲҾ͵ûϰˡ
ôһһӾˣԼʱЩ۳档
פضҶ㣬й̵лʺæţɳΣҪ
൱Ӣ۵ĶӣעҪʧȥĶ̫࣬ӵʧȥø̫࣬ӵ¶ûн£Сƾʲô¡
ԴֻҪƽ󣬾պҲν
ңҸȴˣʱˣ߷߿ڡ
ЦĿŻӵˣǣߵǰһˮݹȥҲ֣
Ҫԣȶʲôȫǿµȥֵġ
Ҳ֪ЦǸÿˡ
ڶ졣
λ˵ĵЩ˻ģϾӪصһṲ̊㡣
ŸĻ֮ڳεĿ£һװ𳤽
졣һһ۸
ΣϳĲ󽫾˿϶ҪפҪû㱾ѹסǣպɾ͵ˡ
ңý˺úôǵҲһ£ʡȺСտžǷǷᡣ
̾һǵȺСӱúѿ
ܺƽĶȥˮɲòӪܴӮʮָĳ
̫ˡ
Ϊܴ򣬵û뵽ôܴ
ὣɱ棬һȺڳ緹ʿãȻԡ
˵ǿǴ󽫾ЦеĿڣȥ޺ˡ
ԣ
ӪصأŮⲻǰ𣿡
ǣ㻹ǻسȥɣӪܴĵط

濴ʿԼĪǵΪʲôôˣž޸֮顣
ǲܴſǣǾͲˣЦеĿѯʡ
һʿڣԣֻҪܰǴſ£Ǿͷ㣡
ƵĹ˹ָſ˴ʮʮʡõʱ˵۸ǡ
ʢûԹ̵Ǿַ̼ӳȥ

мϢһܹͿֹʿǡ
ǵĴ󽫾˫ֱһ߿ţĨϸȥ
󽫾⡭
һߵĸһҲ̶ãǵĽ飬ⲻὣɱķ𣿡
ȻȺۣ󽫾ķ˹ȻŮкܡ
ط緹ʿҲˣһһ治̵ͬ飬ӣȥս
ûгϣҪǳ˻кõģ
󽫾ķˣȻһŮӡ
濴ûսˣһЦпڣû˸ұԱԵģ
һ˳֮󣬳ֿȭȥˣǰֽһ
Ҳɫ٣̧һҾȳȥ׺ĴòͬĿڳϡ
ûսḻĸӣû˸ȥսˡ
򲻹Щʿ˰ɣȺŹ򲻹ǱŰĸҡ
˺ˣ͸ӡ߹ס棬Ҫû񫣬Թ緹
ûôϵĳݸ棬һ½ǣڣ޸֮Ů˶򲻹ҪʲôӣսҲֻķݶ
ޣ޸֮Ͳ෭һ׳ˣ




248 ʹ
 

ˣҲϹսģû˵ôһʿΪԼ粵һ䡣
ŵĹ˹ָγֿȭ෭㡣
ʿҪӵġ
潫һȺŭҲԵʿڣս֮ѧʲô
Ůˣ
˲ò࣬оսκһˣ
ܵŮˣѽ߯ˣ۰

һȺȵˣ˫ۣų濪ڵ߰ɣȥ緹ɡ
ͷ뿪֮ʱ
ž˵ǵĽε
˵˵ţ֪ξ˵˻ʺϣȻеôһȽϣȻûϺʹ󽫾Ǻ
ʺãʱƽңˣһһȺƣ롣
ôˣ
ΪʲôЩŮԽˣоЩ˶ҪŮˡ
Թһѽвס
ɾƹǰɣڴǵֻľˡ潫εĿ˵
𣿡ü̧ͷԼˣڣҪǵĳôؼֵذɣʲô
ɣ治֪ǲǵյ洫ĺܣֱǽмܲס
˵𣿡һЦҶ򲻹ɱУŪǷǵıµúܣ浶ǹıµûС
ҲŴϯų֣ҪǻЩ˲֪ٴˡ
̧ĬĬ
⼸϶ھ棬Щ߽ľȷʵЩڹ̣ܽǲβ룬úõһֻպҪġ
ԲͲ㱻Ƶ˼㣬ʱǲݵĿսֻȺ˶ȥԴȥȥɣȥУ
š
ȳ뿪֮ĵĴߣͻȥ˯ˡ
󽫾Ӫ뿪ìһὫ
һµŮӵüĿ˵ңҪҴ󽫾ܲҽȥȰ
ţϽߣȻҴŮˣҲǼĹֱˣôһλ޶ԣе붯ִˡ
ų°Լʵʵ֮߳Ůӣ΢΢ü
Ǵϯˣ˵ʱһǿ̫Ťˡ
˰мԼĳì̧
֣վſڴŮӣȻһЦӪصأĹôھӪ߶أ
֪ǹŮӺȻڣϵ£︡޵ļʡ
ЦЦͷؾӪأǲǸþź򰡣
ǣ
ò˵ǳģ˾;棬ҲûκεĶ
ȥʮ˵֮󣬿һŵŮӣ㲻أ˲ͽ̽㡣
ҵǸľ׮ӣȶˣ
ǣʶȤĺʿԭش
ȥͷʱŴ޻Ƶ緹ûԱûϧʱ𣿸ʹ򣡡
ʿŵһ£ɢƣĬĬ
Цһ
һߵʿĬĬġߡˡһ
ȳ׼緹ʱ򣬾ͿԼǰΪְ
ŮӵĹǺǾ˵
ˣ𼸷ųȥ
ͷޱȻǣס֣űڵʹˣĮڣͶȥɡ
󽫾ǳܽѧĹȥǡװɡ
ڳ£ʿԽԽСֱ
俪ڣȥͻȥǣպ־Ĳȥľʬˡ
ǡʿ̧һҾٶ˵һ֡
Թ緹ųȥУҲ̶õѵһʱ䶼֪˵ʲôˡ
Ȼ˺ǹ
ԭǴѭ򽥽ģº͵ôһַ̼ӾͱޱϿ˵ҲȺʿԼ˼ļϵˡ
һͬЩʿ뵱Ҳġ
ΪʲôҪ벻ȥｫأǿڴ󽫾ͷ꣬񻹱ܳ谮Ů˰
󽫾Ǵ󽫾ܴϻСèġ
ⲻӦˡ
ӪһȤĵطгڣͲˣûµʱͻȥԣ濪Сһ»ʳ
ȻӪĻʳҪҲǰܳһεġ
Ҳ۳ÿʿѵͷľȥ⣬⣬⣬⡣
ǹ㣬ֱǱƷһڴүǡ
ҪǴ򲻹棬Ͱ¯ӵˡ




249 ̫Ӳ
 

գȤˡ
֣һΧǰ
󽫾ܲý˲Ҫȥ˰һ˵
һüţ
ŵõԲίʵ˰һүǿĿڡ
ż˵ͷ絷һ㣬̧򦣬˼ΣڵܣҪǲȥԣǾ͵ôˣԸⰤ򰡣
ԸԸԸ⣬ԸҲԸŵõԲ
ǾǣԸ򣡡

ĸǣζһЦ˵ġ
оһ󲻰
ڶ죬֮е¡
죬ʿǶֽ˲ȥˣھӪд˼ӱѵӮĻһһֻȡ
ǣڼȵջ£ǰд˲٣ӮҲֻǼųĸ
ǼͷÿҪд衣
ʱһҲӮˡ
Ľĺܿ죬ǿ÷ݡ
ôһºھӪＸûжˣ˳档
ӣȺʿҪƵˡ
Թǰ
£ǿȥͻʺдһˡ潫ĽƵͷ֦ݸ档
ӹ֦ͷų棬ʺ䣿ΪʲôҸоӽŲ϶
һֱΪʺ޸֮ȴĻ߳Ƶˣû뵽ȴ˵ʺ䣿
϶֪ʺ﾿᲻ɡЦЦʢƻʺĲҪ̫ҡ
Ŀ㤵Ŀų棬ǵһ䡯ְ
֣ʼ磬ϻշңҲΪһ꣬ӲϸģϸĻǰӮ
Ȼϵû󣬵ȭŹĺЩûô϶ˡ
ʲôɷ򸾰һĻܲ˻ˣ
ļ򣬳ڣҪǵõϵͷſֽȥͻʺд衣
õ
ʺǱϷļϵˣȥһʺд裿ϴŻǸ˰ɡ
ҧһͷĿڣ˵ʺΪʲôʺﻹϰأòƻ
ʦĽ˿ʺҲʦĽһ𣬡ĺܺϺͻʺ˭Ӯ
涢һĳ棬һʱ޻˵
ϻôʺ
쿪֪
󽫾̫ҪáҲ׳ŵӹһ¡
øŲԶļˣǶʲô
ڨڨһЦŲ
ȥӦͷһ棬ѯһ䣬æѵʿûʱ䡣
Ŀ˰Σͷаɡ
ȥȥûλĳ̫Ǻη
˭ҪҷȥƳһۼλƿڡ
ĬĬ֣ǸŽȥɡ
󽫾ͽ˸˵ʲôأһԡ
濴ų棬ͷͷ
֪湴һЦݣ˹ָҸ˵
ǣǸԴչȥ󡭡
һƴԴϣСôʲôǷ֮Ļ˵ʲô
ί˾Ͳ˵ñ
ա
ѵ뿪˾Ӫȥ˳еĿظ͡
ظ
һ䳤ȹ˷޷ӣһЦСѾߣֵ̧˵ĶͷЦʲôأ
˹ɫʲôÿСѾЦ
չظҿط棬طֱˬʱԼԡ
ⲻСѾ߾ǿطźģÿɰ
ҡҡͷ
ˣ̫ˡ
š
һȥЦЦĬĬ档
ô󷽵һӾסˡ
ھӪ棬ǽ˶ǴžװβӢˬĲУէһ޷ȹӣǡ}ûš

ʱѾвˣλ
߽ȥһ˸Ŀ£ߵǰ
̫ǰΪ£潫ĿλϣЦݴº͡
̫ӲλϵŮˣδûаӣǴľ衣
ӣôǻֵ޺Ůӡ
ҹ˻عǷ˴˴ǰĵǸ˳Ҳһϯĵۺ󡣡ڣº͵׽˷½ġ
ģ¥ʱǻʺΪҲŵġ
ҪԿλǻʺ
ϺԶھǣûԵֿԼˡƿڡ
̧ͷȥºһЦȥ˾ǣܼܲԵǿ巵òñ




250 Ҫż
 

ζһЦǼٵģҪİɣ
λ̫ӵ´еǸǼ٣̽Ϣİɡ
Ȼõġ
һ
ʺôܻأ
˷׷ײͷ濴ȥ
һɫȹ޷ķ˲ҡߢһ顣
μʺ˼Ҫȭ񣬼տĿ⣬ϱ˱䣬ϥһ
ЦЦַ棬һʱ䣬ɫкá
վ͵ӵʰ
μʺʺǧǧǧǧ꣡
λϣˣɡ
վһ߿λϵŮˣ︡һĨƾ޵ɫ
ϯĻʺôò
²úõλϣգ˼
ϾȻûʺǻҲˣ
ǻʺ󡣡̧һҾľޱ䱸ѹȥ
λž޺Ůӣãʱѹңȫɱһ
ɡ̧һӣһ߲֪Ŀأڣûʲôˣ¾ȥæɡ
ؼæ̧һҾˡ˵˼ͷҲصľ뿪ˡ
ǽӹӵĲˮһ֮ŵݸա
Ͳ̫ӵӣūŶȥһڲˮͷһ棬ڵûҪʳǡ
ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
̫Ǽˣ̫ʲô˵𣿡̧ȥϸ۵ָĦŲյеıԵ
Ųһǻʺǳǻʺ巵ǺøЦſڣͷǻʺǧϹǱǣ
̧̫һģһūŶ߽첼ס
һ꼫Ϊ˫ɫĵãΨгǻʺĵ̫ƿ첼һ꿪ʢĵǰһ
տǷͬĵ΢΢üпɡ
˫ɫͬĵ۶ǡƷֵĵǺ󣬵Ƕ˵Ҳûöྪޡ
ŷһ⣬ȥϲ
ƽûзӦ︡һĨâλʺ׼˺öɡ
ǻʺ˺öϡû¡ڣֶյһڲˮ
ȷЩûõϡûʲô¡չһЦ軨
ڴһ
⽥һʱԡ
ڴһЦſڣڽ̵Сһ£Ŀǰ˵ЧĴ󣬲̫ӿȥЩֵܣ
˵ǽ̵˵ǳӣݺǳҵӡ
ѹԼķŭͺ⣬һЩЦݣڣԡ
ٵȵȣٵȵȡ
ڻǷʱ̣̣
տݴЦŭˣ︡һĨɫ
̫ӿǲǸƵ˵زЦĳɲܸĻᣬȻ˻Ѳ
ȥͲ̫Ӹȥ
ų˿ظĴţͿˣյʱ򣬷ôˣ
ñġտų棬ü˴Ų̫ȥ¡
ͷּ㲻£Ҳ¡
̫뿪֮ǰһպͳ棬뿪
մųۻ
ɫԣôˣλϣѯʡ
濴ջȻ֪ӣɫ˱䣬Ҹոյ˷Ϣ̡
̧ͷȥ
ӣ¥ʱǱ˵ˣ˵Ļ塣
ǣ
ǲɳ棬ǻκ
ȷǷױдո֣ų濪ڣҪż
Ҳ׼ڻŵݸ
Ҹո˵˵㵽ˣžˣҿ֮͸ˣû뿪һߣ˫ʶĦһ¡
ոյž͵ˣżϵʱ䣬ȷʵǽŻᵽġ
ǳǣɺ϶֮Ͳɺˣ˹Ϊ֮
ԼϵּҲǷּҲûʲôָһʱ仹治÷ֱһ
տżƵĿڣҲŵϾͳˣ˵ʱҸΣ
ȥ涪֣Ŀһ䣬Ҫ
ǻĳ£ҪڰϽɱգö֪ŵʱ̫ˡ
˭֪أսżһߣų濪˵⵹ǷּǶһǳлɡ
¥ʱˣϦǲܲţңΪʲôոյʱţ
Ҳܻɡ߹ȥһߵżż̫ɺˣҪ飬ΪʲôùȵĴݷʽأ
ڲĴϢʽʱ̣ȫΪʲôöҪֲôȫżأ
ȣݡ




251 ɱ
 

һȷʵǷдģһ滻ˣǻˣ㽫ƾͼơ
˵ţùżڱϸš
Ȼ⡣սֽŵݸ档
ӹţһ޵ҩζֽ棬Ȼܵϸţŵóġ
һߵĲˮֽŽʪ
ûŷ𿪣ϸƬָ̣մˮŷϻԴ˷Ρ
Ϊ٣һаã
սָӣóԼ
ʪֽ߹µּԼֽϸ
ֽԭּڸסˡտ֮󣬳潫ֽŷһߣͳӲ˲ϵˮ
˫ֱۣһװ뿪ȥء
ͷ
մ˴γҲǵ͵£Ҳڲ֮ǰ֪ģҪյߣΪǺأ
պǷԸȥ
˴Ҳǵ͵УҶûеõϢǸ֪ģճȥ·һ䡣
¡Цһߵſڵʱ򣬺Ǿ뿪ˡ
ԼžӪȥ
ͲʱͿ˳һ˻ˡ
ʺأȥһ˵ģֿڵĪڳЪˣ
ϳˣѾϻȥˡѹڣ濴ľĿ⣬ͷ
浹һʱòԾˡ
⡭˵Ϻ𣿶߽٣ô᣿
ǷĻնĿƽûһ˿濴Ŀ⣬һЦ
󽫾ǹ̵ܽĺܺã˴ιĦҲѧ˲٣ȥ֮󣬱úùܽǡЦſ˵
浭һЦ̫ӿˣҲǷ£ϴ˾ҲΪ˳һǣ޹زɷԲ˶ϴǼλʹһ⽻ǰ
ĲǸ϶飬Ҫβƾʲô
ǣһ㶼ѳΪԼҰӲҪѳƵϯֻͻ档
ǻʺ󣿡תƿ⣬Ȼǲ˵顣
Ŀ⣬ڣʺȥˡ
ȥˣЦЦǿϧԭʺţһɫζô󽫾ͽڣɷ
һٻǱɣϾǴϯÿ͵ĵЦſ˵
̬ºȴǿƣЦЦ˾нƷˡ
̫ӿ롣̧һҾ
˳ȥж뿪
һߵĵʱȺȻ춯
ɱһѹ͵֮ʮŰ·ŵӳ˾ɱĿȴϵļˡ
ӹ涪ĳӿȺ޴İջסȺݲĴ̿භ
氲ȻϿԼӴɱķ
󽫾ȥｫ𣿡ŲΪԼɱ˵ĳ棬︡ϼĹ⡣
濴Ŵżʿս棬ԡ
ȻȺﱩһˣֳִ󵶳ų濳ȥ
ԼĳͶȥһġ
󽫾һŮӶԸսǲװɣնɱһ̿ͣпһ䣬ϯҲ̫ƽ
ˣֻ滹ء
޷мֻڱQѣʱЩȫɱˣ߾Ҳƽˡ淭ԼĳϵĲָ˵
ûһȾѪĳˡ
ظͿضˣ˽ȥʰо֡
߹̧һҾ󽫾о»ʰõģ󽫾ǿһ
ͷУעⰲȫ
潫߰ɡ
һ˻뿪һʰо֣ðõİʬ尲úãϴѪϴ
ЩͳͳĴ̿ͣʬ֮ͳͳȥι
˳õľ¥Ͳȥˣƹ˵˼仰
յѾԽֹٵžǵķ뿪
պǣѾͷϢصĿһɱָȥͬһ¥
ͷſڵˣҪгϤ壬ϲͷĵĸʶˡ
¥ϸż䣬ǿȥɡ
յͷȥ
뿪֮󣬲Ųȥ
ˣȥڳԷһʱ䡣Ц˵һ䣬ڳߡ
£Ժúõкѡڡ
ţá
豭һڲ裬סĹ⡣
˵ǺɰҲûʲôⰡ
Ͼ˼Ҷôãѹֻײʱ䡣




252 ս
 

Թ緹֮󣬳øдŲԼȥ˿ظ
æŴɱ飬緹ûüԣҵ˵ʱͣʬĵط
󽫾ЩŲǳˡسų̧һҾüͷȻ˼ֵ⡣
ȥİգĿһʱڣȺ̿ȷʵǲˣõ
гıʶ˽սɵĵùóĿ
ѪĴ󵶣ڵǴ壬ȷʵǳıʶǲӦòزɣ
߼޻˼Ƭ˵ԼĹ۵㡣
ʬʲô֣ſ߳ͣʬĵطȥţһæ͹˲һˡ
ظָųߣûʲô֣Ҫôûз֣Ҫôص̫˶ȥιˡ
Ͷ˰ɣǷֻվڰʹƣ˲ˬ
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253 
 

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е㲻ĿڣģڣǴϯºݹʮ֮һͳһͳ֮˵ϻأ
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254 ˾
 

ǼӣҲ΢΢һ顣
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255 ս
 

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˻ǳ׵ˣԶˣ治̫ƽֻϣ֮ǰǿԻ
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256 ȥ
 

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ǵڣ幫ԲǸƲ磬˭Ҳ֪Ҳûڹ尵׮ȡϢûܶ




257 ȡ
 

治Ŀա
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ǰȽסࡣ
࿴λλõŮӣû뵽˵á
ȥţʮ֮ھͽǸӻˡ
ƹɡһɢҵ޷һ࣬Ťͷ鷿濴ȥ
Żͷȥʶǰһ
鷿жصǰڣ۽üҾһƴ
鷿صأ㻹࿰ĮĿ˵
һ࣬ȥű໤ŮӣĿλ￴ź찡ǲĶ㡣
ģŮ˸ĵһоգ
ܣ棬ôܻ
ЦеĿڣϵƤ߿һ˿Ӳ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ŻססŮӵ࣬ЦڣͦģҲǰʽΪǻʺûˣֻһµ˻š
̶ɫһӾ




258 
 

⡭
ͻʺһϰɣ
ûĻ幫֪ϲǺͻʺ
㵵Ŀһ࣬ûʲôӦգӣǰڣû뵽Ĺ¾Ȼô̱
棬ǰ˵ʶüͷǣ
ӣ˴ǰΪս¡ЦЦûʲô仯ɫ̾ǲ򵥡
ԭǽ˰Цһǽ˻ǱҲûʲô˵ģЩ齫˲֪ĪҪ֡
ЦЦ̬ȼǿƵĿ˵⣬¹ҵĺѣȻҪֵģ幫Ĺò𣿻幫Ǹ
ڣ˵򵥣ĪҪ鷳
ǣƫվˣȻƫһΪŮˡ
డ̫࣬ˡ
ӣסĿЦðϼȻô˵ˣǱҲûʲô˵ˡ
üͷҲûչǽѹڼϣͼ͵Ҫδã
Ļʹѯʳ𣿡ͷһλӣŵûмǹΣܾеϤ
ûУ̫ӲҪʱ䡣ǿ˵һ䣬űж˵ӣ︡Ϻ塣
ͷǾϼʡ
ǵͷӾ뿪ˡ
ת߽˳Ҳſڵļȥ
˶ſڣȷʵÿ
߽ǵϤĵӰһơ
üڵλƺԽ޴ˣϾҲĵ̣˶֡
⡭΢΢´̵Ŀ˵ӱƹһףҲǲ뱻ʱɡ
ǫѷº͵̬ȣûһӣˣôա
ԭˣߵز¶Цſڣº͵̬Ⱥ׺͵ֱǽзַøС
ӭº͵żֱǽ
˫ֽһº嵭Ŀⰵһ
լԺܻôһسЦЦ
תĸоʵҲ
ЦЦһߣ࣬飬Ӧõİɣ
Ȼ䵭Ķ֣һ﷭һӵݸ棬巵ոյӣҿ
ǰ֮ǰʱ򣬱Ҳս濴֮ӵݸա
տϤּĿһӺϣݵǰЦſڣ幫Ҫ𣿡
ϣ̧ͷ࣬ͷԺ󣬽ӹӷ
⡭ɫ˼䣬̧ͷ࣬ҪȫԵ𣿡
ӷһߣ۵
Ҫļ𣿣
ԣ޾ɱ֧Ԯʱ򻹵ͷȥǰ߿һϺʹ󽫾رһཫں棬˵һ䡣
ͷˣǾͷˡ
һֻҪ಻սͺãҪҲֻ档
ѵĻ޽ھǣϾﰲȫһЩཫĿϣǵС˼Ȼҡ
ҡҡͷȥĶҾȥĶϺˡ
಻ٶʲôֻһ˿ˡ
űҲжŵģǰ찴ˣΪʲôȴַأѲΪϵ𣿡
ɲΪһµˣ쵽ӣȻûнղ¾ĵʲôĻ
̧ͷĿⰵĮȻΪأǴϯĸϷԸʲôȻҪʲô
Ц
յɻûм˭ĵĻ¥ʱҲǸᵶȥɱġ
һ࣬治ֻµˡ
һʱ䣬Ǿͻˡ
ϥһ񿪿ڵӴƹ˵Ļʹȡ;ͼǡҫ
˵ţǲźۼһ
һӾͼž
ϵֽ߬﷭ӿ̹ǵĺ⡣
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൱ƶĿ˵ܣҪ޹ãαۣ
濴ⲻ˵ٻӣԽˡ
Ѿˣ߰ɡտڣɫҲˣǻЩȥϢɡ
á˵֮󣬳̧һҾǾˡ
ͷĿ뿪
һӾʣˣһӾͽסˡ




259 ս
 

ߣ̧ͷһۣڡ
ֱӵ䣬ѵһˣһɣ˵ôˣûϺúĹء
޾ú㲢ûʲô˵ġĮĿڣƿĿһߣһ
йصĳǻʺ飬ϾҲûʲôĵģóһŷ档
üͷδ˵
֪˭дһţǻʺ󱻰ˣ滹һֻȷʵǳǻʺĶ
༱æ߹ȥŷۻϲŷ⡣
ǰڣҲ˵ֳ̧Ŷͷϲ˲˺˳ǻʺɣ
ǡཫźϣЦһʲô
Ҳգ˵ڣȺ֮ϯһס㲻ͶϺһַͬϯ˵лͳǻʺǰԵء
˵ǽĶζĿڡ
˵ǻһ˱ôһռйǷǣԻᷴڱͱϯһ
̯֣ЦʹĵطݺͱһҲûã˵ǻʺ巵۷ǿŤĹϲֻµʱŪɳ׾˳ǻʺ󡣡
࿴ЦٻĮڣԭ幫Ҳ֪ǿŤĹϲ㵱ּ޺͵Ҳ³
ĪΪϲɣϲ㣬ҲֻȨҪĿڣ浽İ
俪
վϣϵʱ򣬿ԾȻػʽʬɡ

ǹ˼֣һҪŪ
ջ
طȾƣקȥһ䷿档
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ˣǿѰǿԼľƱεĿڡ
УֻҪѱҲ֪˵ͺˡЦеģ˻
Ϻ͵²ãֻϵģԭࡣǺһСƣϺ͵÷
һιʱѾҹ
ǻӵʱ򣬼ĵûϨ֮Žȥ
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ָ̫Ѩ֪࣬ˡ
Ǽʰһӣһ˼գڣʲôأ
¥ʱˡտڣڣһˣû߻ǾòԾʲôóԵĺľŷһЩκ˲ڣҲˡ
ǵüȻʧЦ
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źЪ֮Ϩƹųȥˡ
һ硣
漸ϴ֮뿪ˡ
ڴоٶ̫ˣһ
գһ˿ӱ޸ϵ߾
ֱԼӡֱӪ
ԳİŮӾɲǽ뵽档
ûˣշ־ͽϵƤߡ
ߵ£ž˵
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Ŀһ̧һҾ
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濴żȥٿһߵգһߣоĽǲ
հƤߣڣ⼸϶ܹһ棬ȻȲϳ棬Ҳ
ͷȷʵˡ
ŽʱóһɴסߣȥɱɱȺ
Ǹȥ
ǽϵʱѾˡ
»æǲ̫վ߿˵
ǹи̣ôϺͻϽ

ͼͷһͿձ͹
ǵĹ²𣿡һ´ɵĸˣҪʵһǸٵµʲôݡ
ˣҪ顣ߵߴ潻ֵĵϣȺңҪֲ˭Լ˭ǵˡ
ЩȵĿգ⡭
ڴϯ¾Ͳ˲ԾԾͽƾͼƣ֪ǵĿˡ˵꣬ӹݸա
սӹ
ಡ
Ȼصһŷľͣºǳ뻯
濴ӹ׼һݵˣ
һȥһ
ߵʿʱ߰ͼߺ
ʣ
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260 
 

һλʿʿһӾʹõ˲١
֮һ¾ѡաƳвôڤ粻飬ǾͰ˸ɱˡ
ʱѳǻʺʬ͵ϯȥ¥ʱƱػ׷Σʱڶɲ
ճһߵĳһ֧űŵ򣬵ڣսϵۣȻ˾Աı£عңָӶԵУ
ǣһҾȥǰָϢ
Ӫ档
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˵λ˹ϤǸطֿԲ٣λֿ񻹸ã
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һλʦԼĽҾ
ν⣿
ʦָָǽϣսصڣҷϸ۲죬λ򽫾мӣֻ򵥡
ĸ˹Ҳǰǻ׶˸׳ƳǸӶҪ𾴵ˡ
𾴵ˡ̫١
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ⲻأһһէʲô˹ĽָָľϵŮˣûĿ˵
ԹĽűľϵŮˣ
侲֮ԽԽòԾ
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棬ȥǡվڳǽϿţһߵĹʱ̾š
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ǲŮ˶ܳսϰ˹ϵ棬ܵĿмĿ档
һޱƵĹ˹ָҽͽ̽ˣ
Сɵӣٿһֵˣ΢΢һ顣
˹Ŀ¼׹⣬ĴһӣУӷ
һЦһװʹ׵˹ǲԶˡ
ĳǹã
ԼĳǹݹȥһֻֽӵĿǣӲס˸첲
ⳤǹǺصġ
һʿǵĿһֻȽסǹкˣһǻ̬ˬ
һǻӮĺȲʣ˹Ǿǻпá
滨˵ժç׼һз
˽һ
˵ǲѡ
ʮУƥһ˻ء
ǹȾѪһԴǹͷϣͷʬ建أϵֳǹЦ

˹ʿɫ
һʿǡ
ã

ǽҲһãѪ
ǲǺͳ˵Ĵ򷨲һ˵ĴǴ罫һͣǴ̿ͻ͡
ո˼
ôӻʳ̫ˣŮӣ͸úͳ沢ս
ȥú¥ʱһ鰡
λˣ֪ǣһλѯʡ
һ֮ǰ˼ҶԱţ˭֪һ̬Ŷʹˡ
潫ǹϵԴӵ棬⿪ڵ棬ӣ
ӣ

ž˵ʿһӶžˡ
ҵﰡ
ǷҪ𣡻ǴϯҪ𣡣
ϯҪɶ
ǲǾһһգһ蹷治һ
ʵǾʣϯЩʿ
ǱľȻһԼúܳ󣬳ǰȥǹݸЦеĿ
ʿǿ潿εӣĬĬ̧ͷ졣
˺ÿŮӲΪ˸ɱǴģоԼǸ
ųņ̀һҾԵĿһ䡣
ЦЦתͷŶȺˣߺȣٷҹʺ󣬲ȻϯɾͲô˵ˣ




261 Ϸˣ
 

̸ΪʵĳǻʺһӾˡ
һקкЦڣǴϯĻʺǸ
ʵɣûľһٻ
治ô˵ֹԥ˹ˡ
ǻʺʻͦõİ
ңһʺˣ巵ۻΪһŮ˶𣿡Ϸƥ˹ϵŮһɴ棬һ㡣
ôˣ巵۶賽ǻʺΪܿú󹬣ҳǻʺ̫ӵµĸأҪǳܵ𣿣
ú󹬣ô֪
һüкεһŮܱȵŹ巵ۿǱ̫ӵУʺ˿ʱֻǾܸʮʺֵǮˣ
棺ʺܱ˵⻰Ĳʹ
򣺡£Լ巵ú
λס
巵ǱϯһɱһΪһŮ˲ȷʵǲôܵġ
˵úе޻˵
˼ǲǽٳִˣ
ƿԵĽЦеĿڣ԰ҪóǻʺвˣҪ͸Ͻɱɣɱ֮Ǻúô򣬴˻ûؼҳԷء
ǹһɵ죡ǲ巵֪ζԴǻʺ᲻ῳԴ
֪ģ֪ҲûʲôʼûĿڣˣҪϽ򣬲͹ȥ
ȥ֮ʹϯҪ׷Ŵ
λˣ˭ʦסĽѯʡ
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⵽˭˭ٰ
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оԼȲʤȯɽأַӾ;ôµ˵
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ԣǻʺҪΣǡʦѯʡ
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ЦǺܡ޺رջһ˫˵۾۵޹Ļ˻˺ܺ۸
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Ϊʲôֶ̫ǶԱأôȻʺҪ𣿡
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֪巵ǻʺҪһЩɡ̫ҲҪǾ͵Ǿƶԣõѡ
ȷʵҿû̫ӣȻζЦЦ̧һӣɱ
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ûз̵Ļˡ
˶࣬ȻҲȥ
ʱƿһߵģ
վڳǽϿţԾŽָ
ζǣؾԲܹã




262 ڹˮ
 

һսֱĺʱֲŽ˶ʮʱǴļſڸˡ
ʿʰս˱ͬ顣
սˬһʱģºǲսϯĵطĿꡣ
漸վڳǽϿԶЩȻʧսʱܽ
ϰϰȹڣҹĻǵ׺ΪÿǰĿսÿ
˵ĵطͻս˵ʲôʱִܽڳǽ棬һȥӾͿˡ
´ٳҲ֪ʲôʱˡ
һЦ˵ĶԣֻҪڰսǲܻġ
ذɡ
񲻹ʱֻǵǹȱʱһսһС˿ܺ͡
ա
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΢΢ü
ͷͲܹ𣿡
֣٣ˣǸ̫ү֪ףǸ֪ھҲ˵ģλص̫үǸ˵ʲôڹƻˮ
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Ǽֵ̧Ŷͷǳס˰գάһ˵
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濴ò̫үֻ÷ַˢԼۡ
ǼֱˣΪ鰡
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̫үڵϣĵĶ˵һͱԴ
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ϹŹһߣеطѾںˣֻˮ
ŻĴӣĿ⼸λȡ
Ҹǿ׳ʿȥӰˣϵáվںӰ߿š
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ǰָţİȫֻʿǣ˰֮һ£ͷʹڡ
ԽԽӽǼۿɼǿڶ




263 ӵ
 

һߺȡ
ϵʹ̵ľקӽ
ûûߣǵȻˮ̶һĳףĹֶȥ
ϵ˲㶼ȥڸǰͽкЩקӣ˰ϵ˱ȥ
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ѾԲĽˣҲùˡ
Ѹ½ٵˮλ뿪ĻǾ͸ȺˮŶհɡ
ǻʱ򣬳еƻͨڻ
ôˣüźˣһ䡣
ڵĺӵЩ׼ˣˮ࣬Ǹ˷˾ȥ档
ղǺˮʲôģҪҲɾˮɡ
뿪˳Ǹ֪
ͷĿ뿪
Ǹ̫ү֪Ҳܲµ˳ͷء
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ŮˣҪôϯЩԱ֪ǸλܲȰ
Щϥһ񿪿ڵū澣ūЩ֪
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Ǵӱ߾ģһһ֪ǱȻġ
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ϥ뿪
ԾӴȥϴ£ֻµȻпţҪǲúʰһ£δⶪ
ƹԺվڻ¿ɫʱٻһֻĸо
ͷܹҫѤõһﳽյ
֮£ǸϲֽˮĸоƵģʲô鶼ùܡ
Ǽϵɫ⣬ղͷˣЦеȥ濴оϲ
ϲü¥ʱˣܰɣҪʳǡ
ҡͷȻǻϣԼȥɡ
ӵǣհ߹ȥ
ߵԺͿǧֵӡ
ĸ󣡡巴ǧܹһѱסգĸ㰡
ĸ󣡡ܹҪ˵ʱȴסˣ̧һҾ
巣һǣһ˳ȥ
ôˣߵȥЩ
̧ͷգֻС֣ʵѧ;֪ĸٴξˡ
տС˵ӣ̧ԴĸҲһ㹦ΣȴȥԵ㶫ĸȥԡ¡
ǡ̧һҾǣ뿪
ջһɴȹȣΨɴȹͿΪ䡣
֮ȹƮӯʮ㣬ˬˬɫ͸˺ĸо
һ仨Ŀ⿴գĸȹôÿ𣿡
յͷǣߵͤ棬ʢɴȴϯȶˣһ죬ŮӶᴩɴȹ
һߣĸĸʹϯܲһ
˵˵δһһĶס巵죬ԵӹȤζִ˴
ˮ磬صķ飬ϯͲһˡĿڣսķŹϯǰټڻȡ䳤ķÿطÿطķȻͬ




264 ù
 

ĺ棬ܽĺܲ
ˮ磬ķ鴫񣬶ϯؾǴӻ⣬ٻţصķ鲻һϴϯֵģö֮γԼеķ顣
ǴϲأЦһ䡣
˼ΣϯɣϾϯиĸͺܶˡ
ˮˮһЦ׵Сԡ
ҡҡͷֻҪ죬Ҫشϯ
СӲҪˮв߹һסò
巶ʱһҾ
̧һҾ
ʾҪ
ֻȺףһߵʯϣȥ𣿡
յͷ֮ͻȥˣҲһʱˡ
ۺʱȶĹޡ˵һ䣬Ӿˡ
ıӰЩĪ
ͻȻðһ仰ĪǻʳǱ߳£
ʱվ͵˹
ͤգȻ뵽ͤ﷢顣
أأű˵ʬλϣҪ÷Ҫꡣ
ʽ㡣߽ͤڡ
̧ͷȥˣ
ţԼ߽ȥһߡ
Ǻ⼸ȥĶˣȿڡ
ϵ̶̧߬ˣЦӯӯģóȥˣֻǱȲϼá
²ֹ˰ɡ
ŻϸƤģûгԿ࣬˻ʽͷˡһֺϷһɵõĺý
֪ĹϵǿϷ
ʽ㣬˵˵Щʲôģһ䣬סĺ⡣
⼸Ǳ˰ܻŻȫ֧ܹǿӵϡ
Ӧö֪ˣûͻ˵𣿡Ŀ˵
ЦݲĿգƺЩȣֻ˵˻ʽνϷˣתδ˵ģúǺʽġ
һհˢתˣ
ƾͼ¡һ¼򣬡ûڳǿϧˣȻԿһϷˡ
ҿڳӵĳ棬յôĶ֪
ĸ󣡡ԼСܹȵ˵ջװ۵״ǹùòԵģ
պЦĿĹĵˣ̧ٳСֳС
ߣվŤͷһ
󿴵һߵĿڵĸ󳤵úǽ𣿡
šӦһ䡣
ÿɰСӣյĺӻɰ
Ͳһĸãţùúá巺һŤͷԼĸ󣬵ĸ󣬶ȥˣˣ
űı뿪ĺӣôаЦݴ̵ûǻ᲻
װ۵СдЦݣĺһùãСҲǸ
ǡ
ʽĺɰҲòôĺӶֵģòԼҪĶͻڵϿִԼĸĸò޲ֻЦġ
ڵĺܡĿڣԺ֪ġ
Ҳ˵ʲôһ뿪ˡ
ĿѾﵽеҲգˣһξͲ֪ܲӹһˡ
;԰ʱͿӶһš
֣Ҽ񻨰꣬㣡ֱ׳ֻ̫ӵµˣҲֻλðɡ
ļӿٶȼ񻨰ꡣ
߹ȥյĻ꣬ΪʲôҪأ
̧ͷһù֮ŵĸ˵ˣݲҲĲۡ
̰ݲۣ˵Ͳˣ
̧ͷλŮӣκ巺һ䣬ùá
òĺӣò˵ս̵ĺܺãȥҲ޷
ֱۣĪ޻֦һÿĵݸ巣Ȼʽ̵ҲǶˣѧҡ
巿ĵЦеĿǹùøҵļ𣿡
ԡ巵Դվͷȥĵطɡ
ŲԶգת뿪
߹ĵҲû˵ʲô߰ɣǸ׼˱Ӹ
˹ɫһӾ
ڡ
˼֣ŵûôֶζԺ֣ҡ巸ЦΪЦݣůůС̫
ĿǰûɥĲݲһء




265 ƽ
 

հһǽҪʲôأ
ʲôԼȥǸϲڡ
մ
ص棬˵˼ȥԡˡ
ûˮ棬϶ٶЩɫİ̺ۣǱ鲼ȫ⼸Σɼһߡ
ѹõĺⷭӿ߬ľͰԵǽڴףɼж
ΣûˮžŴˮ︡ɫ԰ס

źһ죬ˡ
ȥ·;ʮ졣
ֿ֮תȥةฮ
ͻȻֵˣϲ֮ŵˡ
壬淢ʲô߽ȥѯһ䡣
ЦЦտڲᣬһ·Ϸ糾͵ģȥϴӸ׼ЩϲԵĶ
¥ʱˣշһ䡣
ŲƺĲˣĬĿָָ̧ʹķ򣬡֪ʲôΪʲôԼȥأһ˲ۡ
տ񣬡УҾԻȥ
˵գתߡ
ſڣ֮Ͱ˸Žȥˡ
պǻصﳽû仯ĵطպ˼˵ǵĿ⣬Ϧ걸ˮԡ¡
ԡҡ
뵣ûˮֻһԴˮϣһ춷ӣ⼸Ƿʲô
Ϧһߣ빬ˣһˣ̶´ӱֽλ⹬ﶼҪˣ
ﲻλ˵ļɵ
ԡرһֳ̧ŶͷŹһߵϦ꣬Ŷ̶½λ
Ϧ꽫ԼһӵĻ˵˳ǰͲλ֮һˣճ˵ֱҪʲôʲô̫˼Ҷڳ˺üλϣѾټˡ
Ŷ
Ǻηûܽ¥ʱԵͷת
۾֡
Ϧ꿴ĵӣһסκŵ˽ƽǻϳʱģǋOλOġһӵ
Ϧ갡ñȺĵİ˭ȵùӣڣбһϦꡣ
һﾡģƮƮһ۽ֵ˹
Ϧ̧ͷȥʱԴ૿ڣ֮ô˵ԼأñȾĵ޴֡
ЦЦ
ЩɵѾͷʲôأΣǻʺ󣬾λOΣվҲֻѣ
ʱˣսʪīˮϰùëסˮ³ȥ
ͻˡߵſڴͨһ䡣
ղͷȥţ֮
ϦվһߣҪʲôȹӣ
һɫɴȹȹӰɡսͷɡ
ǺЩǰľɿˣ翴ϦóһɫĳȹƵĳȹҲɴƵġ
տ˿Ҫ
ȹȻǼǰʽˣȹӾԲʱһǶһ޶ġ
ϦֻýȹӸҳ
ĺɫȹպüأȹǲɴȥʵ޻ʵȻ
һҷعŰɵīҲίԼֱ㷢ȥˣֱϦֱϹء
ʺﵽ
ͻ׷ײͷȥʱ쾪ź
ջȹÿĻȣȹϸĽ⣬ԶԶȥȹһԻķչ᰿衣
߽ˣĿֻǺɫ־úʲôûУϸۿ֮£־Լһĵʢȹϡ
½Ĺߵİƶ
֮һߡ
ʺȹӣŷ⣬СĿѯʡ
ûһŮ˲ϲּƯȹӵġ
λϣڣüǰȹˣʱ̫ûպúʡ
ȹӵˡڡ
ˣȹӺһȹƷ֮ͺЦˡҲǾϧѡ
λŵ߻ʵĵǷ켫Ϊ˸лĻֺ֧ͺȹӣһǺɫģһǺˬɫ
ʧӾعҲֻֻղܳĵô޵ȹӡ
л֮Ǿǵˡ
Ҳ˵ˣ⹬һλ˵αᣬ˵
յͷжš
ĿգλO˵ðĻòǹ֮ս³ԽԵתҹϸ裬ֻķ˳
ţ
ղü
ǿǺӦòԼٳôҴˣ
籾ǲô˰




266 Ҫ
 

ĪȣͿЩʵĶˣңǲΪǲʵʵĶԼĸ壬λðȶ㡣ЦЦо˶͸һԡ
޺޿ڣλO󹬽һңͼȾָãİֱ£̫Ҳᱻˣίʵģҿ㼰ʱˣ
Σ
˵ңǲǻָ¥ʱ
ǣƽŲȥ߱λѾǺܲˡ
Ҳ֪λƽǺηˡһ䣬˵ҲҪΣǶһ²ҪȾָǰ󹬣ߣôôɡ
Ǵһأʲô֪
ˣȺ˵׾ʲôǵĶ־أ
ֻƽžǿˣֲ˵֮ɫȣ¿ͷҪȥ𣿡
ҵ찡
ⶼʲôʱˣʺô
㲻ҪٳˣҲËOȾָǰҪʺȥҲǿԵģ
ʺﰡⶼҪüëˣȥҪˡ
ҲǽĿգ˵ĶԣⶼҪüëôôġأ
ʵ˵²ؼǾòףԸ˸Ĵʡ
ʲôأյȻĿڣһ˱ĵλҲͷϣǺα㼱ꣿ
¥ʱĻᱻһŮԵĳˣǴϯˣαصȵء
ԿǺˣλЦˡ
ͻ룬һ۵ͷ˵ҲǰһOôܷͷϡ
λһ蹵һOҲûǸӷͷ档
ڻʺжŮƽζҡĵλġ
лʺڣʲôأ
ͻղӺȻͰ࣬·Ĺǻˣ̤ʵ
ԣҪűȥ𣿡ƿڡ
ЦЦȻȥģйɱȻʹڶˡ
ȷʵȥй徻գʡġ˵ԻƽıĲмԶ׼
Ц
ûᷢŴǰ˿ŷͷˡ
԰ʪžûᣬšһīָȦ
û˵ʲôʺﲻعҲǵһˡ
һˡ
޵
ϣվ˿
ǰ׷Ƶõͷͣ˵ͷͣʸеˬһõķ㡣ǽͷϸĲÿһͷ˿ϡ
ƿţζȷʵǺŵýɩӵǾ¡ҲǸա
Ǵ֮ջ֣ԺĺɻãǳӵʱڣҪȥ𣿡
ԡЬ㷢ǳźԺȥ
ûһŲߵͤ棬齵գ¶һҾūŲμʺ𰲣
ˡսһߣȥµ˱
̧һҾūȥʱ򿴵ʦˡ
δ䣬ȫʹ󲽳ˡ
ʶȤȥ˱
ūŲμʺǻˡȫվ̧ͤһҾϲĿڡ
ˣܹǰΪ£նһ
ȫסл֮󣬹Ҫ
ȥ̧ͷȥȫĿסæͷһʱ֪˵ʲô
֪Ǹ¡
ūȥһ˰ɡȫĿڡ
̧ͷǣǶһʶȤܹ߳ͤܣӵūŵĺαزأȰѵĳˣȥͻ˵ﲻԸȥǻûԼ
ȫһһŵģЦеӣüĿڣҵС̰ҪôȥػԴܱס𣿡
֪סĻһʬġƤһЦͽȥźˡ
ȫԱ̨ϣͤգȻϵȹĿ⡣
ȹڴڵϣĵƻһ㡣
ȫ̧֮һҾȥ빬ˡ
ͤ
ϡȫ߽ȥһҾһ߷鼮Ůӣ
λOǵڶڻ߿ӵġ
¥ʱ̧ͷȫȥ˰죿
ϣʺ˵ˡȫϥڵϣﻹ˵ҪԼȥﳽ
ȫֻԼСӡ
¥ʱŹڵϵȫһĿˣȥ
ǡȫ̧һҾͳȥˡ




267 һ˰
 

ƽŵӵˣĲ׽ɢĲݡ
治ǳǻʺ󰡣涼ûмûϵôԵĲ
ǡƽЦһ¥ʱĿ⣬ڵϣˣΪβȥأ
Ⱦģ¥ʱȥ
ƽȹһ񣬡ʧԣϴ
˿治׻ﵽôģϾϾǱôܻᰮء
ˣɡ¥ʱӺϣһλƽĳƪۣԽӺһߡ
ƽű¥ʱһߵӣҲܲµдʲô
ϣȥƽЦѯһ䡣
¥ʱһ̧ͷ俴⡣
֮¥ʱԼӡ
ƽҲϰ¥ʱЦӣҲû˵ʲôֻϥһȻ󻺲߳ͤӳŷﳽȥ
·ϡ
ŻʺƢǲãʸ֮ģͻȥ˷ﳽһȥ˵Ļ
ƽЦĿỴ̂ѾͷʺǳĺƢôͳƢã
ƲƲǣڣ̫ɵˣԭڻʺٳ裬ʺܶиɫ𣿡
ƽĿⰵ˰ڣϱҪ¶մģлʺбԺ󻹻ˡ
Ȼ֪˵ʲô
ﳽ
ߵԺͤһĨɫϥһ񣬡ū澲μʺO
ʶšü
λOĿͦġ
Ż˯գû˵߳ͤ˵СËOɡ
⡭ϥһ񣬡ūȥ
ǳ˵˯С
ſڣ߹ϥһ񣬡ʺСˣ밲ɡ
⡭ƽסçײӣЦſڣԵСϾգҲͷһΰݼԵȡ
ΪƬ̣뵽˲
ƽһ·ͿԺӵĻľкЩľƯ԰ﶼûп
ʱȥˣ㵽ʱܹһֱûг֡
Ժ
շһȻۿص̧ͷǣǷ·
˯֮ǰԼҪݼ
ǋOڲšϥһǰҪױ
ûҪһǷһӣڵɡ
ϥһ񣬳Ųȥ
ƽһλüĿĹ߽ƷĹӦþλˡ
O𰲣ʺںԺūϥһ̧롣
ƽЦЦ߳ȥ
ת֮Ŀһ绨˰˹ɫ֡
Ժ
ƺǼ⣬۹ȥͿһӵǽڳϵͤ
ƽһȥͿбϳŮӣһ¡δʩ졢Σ⣬ġ
ĿһӾİࡣ
Oº͵ɤ֮ĵ˹
ƽ˶ϥڵϣ檻ƽμʺʺǧǧǧǧ꣡
λʺʱ򣬺ȻΪʲôϻôˣŮӣ˭˶ϧ̶ݽȥˡ
ɡճŶͷЦſڣط࣬OסĻϰ𣿡
ƽл֮վ檵ûϴ빬ѾĶݣвϰߵĵطϰߵġ
ӣƽл֮
ɩֱӴŶӵ񲽷Щٵ߹һȺӣһд˽ǡ
ռæͳȥַסЦʲôֲᶪˡ
ǵסյ֣Ŀڣ²ɩĽ˯ϰھ˵ɩˣҾͼæɩ
ƽȥռĳǺĽֱֺȥ˳й
ЬӡЬӳЩսսĿڡ
Ŵȥ߽ϡ
½𰲡ƽϥһ
û뵽λ㲻ĳ˵ķ绪ҶݣȻ⹬Ҫһˡ
ǰλһɫװŮӣף
λʱڹκ˵ċOƽˣȻ
檸ˡƽۼ뿪
Ȼƽ뿪֮ǵĿ⿴գס֣ɩĪҲĪҪѹ̫ӵº͹࣬˭Ҳ޷λõġ
δġЦЦ̧ԴĲѹһ˰ˡ




268 
 

һ㶼ǿӣһ
ɩؽĪģֻǡֹҲû˵ֻͬɩԷ𣿡
ֻɩõŵµǣҲˡ
ǿԵġЦſڣһߵ˱Թ֮ڿ

һζӣճŷҲʲôʳԵĹأһ߳һģպǢ
Թʹϰڻȥˡ
£ʲôϰڼһ·ˣȻص绪֮󿪿һ䡣
ЦЦϰɻ󲻽ӣ̧Դɩ
ϰڸˣʺͦõ𣿡
ɩġ˵꣬漴ʧЦҲǰ˭ȥһ˻ԼɷˣôܻῪأ
ϰ֪Ȥû˵
һߣΪһͻɩϣ˭֪ǣҡ
ֻλɩǰҪһΪ
˱ɫڡ
һƣ룬˵˼ͻ޵˯ˡ
ȫŽյĹţһͷȥ¥ʱɫ
š¥ʱڡ
òǾͲˡ
Ŵ򿪣Ӽſ¥ʱŵùڵϰ˵һ仰
¥ʱͨߵ޵ڵ棬֪Ъˡ
ãǺõĺܰ
һعˣҲ˵ʲô֪ҲǺõĺܰ
ǰϥһ񣬡ū澲μϣ۳ͶѾЪˣȥǶϢްɡ
š¥ʱ䶪֡
ϥһ񣬲š
¥ʱŻӽȥˡ
˼յǿȫ㻹ʱ뿪׼ɡ
ɶȫȻ±ơ
ͬĿһȫڣܲ٣ûֵôصġ
鲻ãء
ȫǰһڡ
Ϊʲôʧ꼰㰡
ļ򣬡ڰ
ڡ
¥ʱߵ齱ߣŲ˯Ů
һ룬վűӷ
¥ʱĺףĿ䰵ȥ
һ
¥ʱŷѹѹԼıŰڵ˾л˵
û˵˯ĮȻǺʲôİ˵
ŭ¥ʱģžԼĮӣ
¥ʱֻǼ򵥵һ֣
¥ʱɫŬסԼıŰűˣڣգ
ղͷɫ¥ʱָ̧ſظһ飬
¥ʱһѿסʱȴĲֻ̣ôԹµģ
ǲȻأüԼ󣬡֮֮ôԱȻô
㣡
Цڣϵķʲô裬ҪȥطҪ˯͸ұϣëңס
¥ʱգȴ˵һ֡
ò˵ԼʮɵİסգȥģʧȥĺԳܵġ
ջҲˣǻίԼˣʲô㵽ֹﶼǿƨǵôߡ
¥ʱǺõĺܰҸ㱼߽סģô
Լ˵ʲô˻Ǳˣ˵ϷǱˣڣԲķʽ뿪ҵ߷Χҷǳ뿴㣡
ûСԩû
۹ȥ죬

¥ʱƽ߬ȭŵͷ˯գĬĬһʡ
Ϲרģһֱ˶ܻڵġ
һʵ۰
Ϊʲôô
Ҫˣһֵʱͱˣݵôߣű
ãԼͷԼҪģ˭Լȶġ
򲻵ãŰɣϾҲĲ
ű¥ʱޱȥźˡ
ɫѿҪɱˡ
˦뿪¥ʱǽȥһգԼҵ°Ȼ˯˵ƻͳˡ
¥ʱֱȥ鷿ˣ빬ȥˡ
ȫսľĸŽȥ
¥ʱϣȫ˵ġƢ˭ߵģ
˭ߵ˭ûеһ
ȫĬĬ²һ䣬ʶȤû𻰡
ȻڻʺأǾ˴Ĵָ
ҵָɣǹûϹ֮Ψлʺһˡ
˻ܻĺúõģҲֻлʺһˡ
µΪʲôῴ¥ʱһɡ
ȫʱЦã̶ĸп
˵ɣģҲûôô˵أƽС޳ܡ
ϿȻŭٵһӦ˺ʺ˳Ļ뿪ȻԼ侲
ͦõģٻ϶˼Ǹ߸ġ




269 赶ɱ
 

գ¥ʱ糯·ûȥһ˷ﳽ
˯еˣڴҲû
ǼˣһαĲܻڡ
˯Ѳ۾Ϳĳſգ˼֮ƿĿ⣬ﳽ
¶𣿡¥ʱŴһ䡣
ɤӣ¥ʱɷµĿڣǿྴ¶մȥ¶մͰַûʺ󡣡
¥ʱ̧ͷòҪ˵Ĳ˻
ģܹƢãҪ̫µӡ
ô볳һüڴϣа㵽ס
Һú˵¥ʱĶԳơ¡ˣĵգšüͷ
¥ʱۼֿס˲죬һн񱣬֮ûˣ½Ƕû֣ڶ˵һ¡
հ֣ڣϣԾྴܺá˵ţ´¡
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271 ˼
 

̫ԼСӿڣȷʵĿˣҲҫôͽ˭ǸةŶʱ䣬ȫԺͷͥ񡣡
˵ĸ֣ҲǽпһΪһ
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273 л̸
 

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̫˽ˣƽΪЦϣŹƽ͹ˡ
Եж٣ţͷһ䡣
һ䱸Ŀ⿴գҪ㶯ƽǧ𶯻ϣ
ĬΣ˵̫ӵ»СڴλҪá
һڲס
˼̫ӵ´һͿô




275 ӻ
 

տĿ⣬һ¼򣬡û˷ԣҲǵһμˡ
ͷŵ㣬Ͼ¥ʱԼȥ
յͷʾ֪ˡ
ĿŶȲ̫ߡ
һȻһ⣬ˣϾǸ˾ǲҹˣ
յͷôˣ
ҹҡһӴ˿ǲ֪ûҹϡ
Ҫҹһܺúõշһ䡣
¥ʱǸˣռйǷǿְԵһ׸ף̳ԡ
΢΢һ飬˵ûʲô˿Ͳһˡ
λ˾ô˵أʵ˵ǸҲж٣ִɡ
ʼ磬ұĻ𣿡
ʦܴһţ⻹ʲôܵģ
ҡĶ֡
ɲ
߰еûĶ˵
Թ뿪ˣȻз类ˡ
Ҳãһׯ԰Ҳڡ
ȵĿģ°һ˯Ϊʡ
յգǹӾͲˡ
ʺŻȥȥˣֻǱϸߵģҲ֣ʺҪǲйء
ƣͻȥˣǹȥȥģɼ⹬ĳҫ
ƺУָƽкˡ
ʱ䣬¥ʱһһӣгģгƽģһȰΪʺƽġ
ԩȥԼȥɣס
¥ʱȻ֪ƣ˶Ź֣ȻҲҪˡ
򵥵һ˵˼άǸոջؾĻʺȻ빬ȥⲻίôˣ
ڷ˼ϵĻƽǾ͸ıˣЩӾǿ˳ۣ˭ǰôء
¥ʱӺϷһߣʮ߱ĹȰԵġ
ôгɾ͸аɣ
ҪЩһȫȥָ˯Цأ
ȫ߽¥ʱĪɫڵϣ̫ӵº͹»ˡ
ʱ䣬λҲǳȥ¶ˣǻˡ
¥ʱ̧ͷȫĶ
ȥʰˡȫһҾҪȥ𣿡
ЩӶûӪģȥӣ¥ʱǺһߣȥ
ܹ
¥ʱʱͿһţϹЦݣƺ˵ʲô顣
ʣһС߹ȥϥһ
˫ֽϥһ񣬡üְ֣
ˡ¥ʱ己񿪿ڵôˣ
ЦЦСˣþ͹øˡ
ۼģطŮ
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˵أ¥һ䣬ֽͷµķȥԴһһεģʱ
̧Լķ٣¥ʱСϳɵĿڵʿ϶ֻĸûǣ˵ĶԲԣ
¥ʱĬĬ࿪ԴײţĿ⣬ڣܵڵӣ
ϲˣ巻¥ʱĲӣʣ͸߶ɣ϶ֻĸԲԣ
Ӷµһ֪ڸλãĸһȻŵǡ
¥ʱСְֻ˭мܵס
š
Цƺǵõĺô
СڣʼȻôĸΪʲôĸڹʣһĸˣĸ
˵ջһ
ô֪ĸڹģСѾͷŻϢҲ߯ͨһɡ
§¥ʱĲӣͰ͵Ŀڣȥĸǹùø߶ĸڹ档
¥ʱ̾һڣĸӰ︸ʽĸɡ
巿¥ʱͷһС·ʲô顣
¥ʱĿ᲻١
ƽ԰Ǳ߹Ϳ⸸Ů߽һ¥ʱЦ⣬΢΢һ
δӣɼϲ°
檲μϡ¡ƽϥһ
¥ʱ˵һ񣬿ŻַޱСҲû˵ʲô
ƽ¥ʱСһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ֱǻʺķ棬˻ϣۺŵ㣬ķ۵ɰýպһλǵŮӡ
ʣ㿴ָ֣ţֻԶһˣΪ׵һСӡ
¥ʱ巷ڵϣܹȥ㣬Ҳû˵ʲô




276 ˮ
 

סɱ巣ǣ߹ȥ̧һҾμʡ
ˡ¥ʱС˵㣬ڣ˴ջΣ
֮£ԴĻ¥ʱͱȽһϸˡ
ظʵĻջ񲻴ָз̧һҾشйоء
ƽվһ߿ţɵӣĿⰵ˰
ֶµĺӣ˭ϲأ
¥ʱͷϹأȥ鷿ɡ
ζȥׯ԰ĸ󡣡ץ¥ʱ֣ڣ巣Եء
ԡ¥ʱͷһۻƽ֮󣬴˺Ӿˡ
ƽϥһ뿪
̿һԶˣŻƽڣҪһôȥ
㲻̫ӵº͹һȥǡƽЦЦЦסȻ
ڣҲкӵġ
ƽ︡Щ羴ЩȻ૿˵Ļк𣿡
϶ģٳǧ϶һװֵСӵġ˵Żƽ޹ȥ
ƽЩڴЩη塣
кģǲûϲ̫ӵһϲ
ǣǻȻǸϲŮ
ɡʺݵ˵ĺ
鷿
һ߿ԼҸʺͻ֣һССڵĳԣǰλŮӣǰֺøжûС
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漰⣬öĲǺܶ࣬Ҳܰ°ɡ
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ȥһ飬վһߵ¥ʱЦĻ˻֣קˡ
¥ʱԴû˵ʲô⹬Ҳǲ̫ƽȥ飬Ȼܰմõġ
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˵ɣʲôڣŲŲӣ̧һСôôɰ
ڣ˵ģû׹ԼĸأһǸʲ׼󲻺˼
ĸȥɣ巾һСȭͷЦеĿڡ
ð
ׯ԰һˮĳӺϪϪˮվʹȥϪߣ׼㡣
㵹еģֻ̫ܴġ
˵㣬ʵˮˡ
ڰϿһȡյ֮ͬЬߣȾºˡ
ͨ
һһˮ棬ˮλĲӣڵ£վ֣֮Ҳ氡
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ŹЦ巣Цˮȥ
һߣŻЦãλµĸð
ƣӲеСӵڲݵϣˮȫĺӣĿȰ
ȷʵūѾ˸λ±Ҳˣ档óһѣЦпڣģҪ𣿡
սƺһߣӹժһ֪Ҳ
ЦЦ
۸ˣ㶼ңʪվˮ˫ֲĹĵĿ˵
Ц⣬۸ҵģһܻˣ˵ţֳ̧ˮȥ
ֵ̧ˮ²ȵˮվĹĵĿ㡣
úúãҵĴҵĴλãûһ㷨ӡ
ߣڵĳȥ
ŰҽţԼˤˣһˤˡ
ʱˮ㽫վίͰ͵ӣֺЦ
ð·ܱԼˣ
ˤˮĺӣڰֲ֧




277 ɥĲκ
 

һԿãĵĺӣòпĽʽ治ٺǺֲܿ
Ҳô棬Ҳ¿š߹УĲˣȥ·
ǣϵĿδȥ
ȥ·ԹȥӡմӲݵʪĺӣĿڣʪյģȥȥ
һֱһȥˡ
СӣĿϰ⡣տ룬üƣ룬ʦ˾ȥЪϢ
ͷ˵Ͼ˺ЩˣѾ˾ˣҲ򵥣עЩ
յͷ뿪֮󣬼ӵЬȥǡ
Ȼ˫̥Ĳа飬һѧϰһƤҪʲô˫ݵģҲһ𣬶ð
ʱһˣһǵܵãǲǲ飿
ûǶ֣ٿѰҲˣҲͦõġ
ֻǿӣЩĽ
Ҫܳ϶ٶû¶ٵиĸһݣȻеǶһ㣬Ҳܱĸ״ŷ氡
Թ֮Դȥ۲ӡ
Цеһ仨ݸա
һʲôһüֽӹ
ʻ˰巿գɷĿ˵ĸôƯôÿܽޡȻǸøĸģ
ֺǣС찡ģҾúúý̽Ǹľʣû˵أ
ȫҲˣ죬˵˵˻˵㱾Ŵġ
Цģ㿴˿һҶݸա
ǣ
һĿڣ컨ҪҶУʵı׾ܳгĸĴϻۣĸ˴ͲҪˡ
Ϊ˺ԼĸԼҸʺһѡ
տֻ˵㣬Ķˡ
治ģոпźҶͺɻ¥ʱ̾Ŵġ
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ллĸ׵ģŶϲԼҵĺӱ佱ĻԺ
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Ͳ𣿡ƽȡĳ谮źˣ֪ûĻǴδ¥ʱϡ
𣿡ЦЦûãΪʲôҪģΪһţͣһ㶼ֵá
ĬĿգһߣĻԼ
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ԼԼ㻹ָ
ǳ˲ˡտֻҪһ¥գǸ˾Բҡ
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ʺһߵİˣ˶٣̶Ҫ鷳ˡ
ȥŮӹ۵ӣһߺһѯʷô£
ⶼӻȥˣôͻȻˡ
ңûмʱ֡𿪿ڡ
üл˵û͹
ǰú֮ˣӹջķ磬һӣСӣͿмۣϹҩˡ
յĿһӾȥˡ
۵Դڵ˵κǸкӣһŮӡǴӻȥľ͡ϲ綮ָʹǸղСĴѣͷһʱ
հ֣ǰѷȥ
Ȼأһߣһѡ
˵ģκǷ˰ɣ
ô˵Ҳϵ⣬̹ôˣ׽ˣαô˺һӣв
µĿڣҸϻļʱ֪˽ô磬ˣֻ鷳ˡ
鷳ҲǴҲǴս߰ɡ
յĽŲҪȥ
һ۷ˣĺӾĸҲԡ
飬绹ҪܵءҲֹҪκУͺݺݳˡ
ǵĸ׵Ļɵ𣿣




278 в
 

ĬĬȥһμɽǰջôġЩʧ̬
ʵ׼ȷ˵ʧ̬ǻ̰ɡ
մةฮ߽ȥȹǷƮݣϾͶΣԶ׼
ҲͿԼҴ˼ϡ
ĬĬָһ
ֱԺ䣬ƻͨģȥ̧߿š
κӶһ
κɫһӾͺѿα߬ѹĻ
Ϊǻʺˣ
׼޵κһĨЦȥӵֲҶĿ£һߣڣϵô£
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ָӣŶԭة㲻֪Ǳں˵һ£׼һŵԵӣͽΪңȻĺӾλչˡ
ſڵķĬ
κɫһ¾ͱˣղ˵ٻӣѹƢڣʺʲôʸ񣬳Ժ磬ﻹأûʸ񣡡
˶֪ʲôʸأһӣ˹ӣ˻缺չˡ
ӿĿе˺𣿡κܲĿգЦſڵﳼǺúܶˣﶯϿ
ȻվӵǵĿ£ȥקκ죬̧־ơ
ӣǿԴ㡣һӣκײױ̨ϡ
κײױ̨ϣĵۣΣյգһӦǻסĺӡ
Ҫʲôҹةฮ˵ִˣ㻹ûеˣκαҲѹסԼƢˣƻƹһۣգŭ
ǹ˼Լ壬ȥ˺մˡ
ʲô㰡һЦֺŭκ˵Цݿڵӵ˶ȥܲȫ顣
κŵùǺηֱȥױ̨ͺ˴
ֵ̧˵κĶӣЦӯӯĿڣðһ㣬ȻɥĲ׼һ֣
ңκ޿ˣ侲֮ڽڣҲǰŮѪ飬ԼĺӶ֮ˣԸ˵ĺӸ۾գһµģ
ž
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㡭
ž
տŲ˵κ˦˦Լ֣ƢãŪģϵ֪ʲôӰͱҪˡ
ſڿϷķ޲𹥻ɸ㣬պٸһίԿֶӦǲٳ˰ɣ
ڳһֻּæ֣һտģί
ԼҵĹŮ趼ôܻίء
յǸֶΡ֮꣬Ĳٳһˡ
κӰļʸƺʲôЦſա
ǣã϶ԋOɱȶöˣ㶼Ƶй˻֪βˣãŰӸûܵ㣡
Ťͷκκŵ˼

ۺ֮ĸ飬Ĳ֮һ
ңϲһˣôǧָ
ջǸƢϲƽЩĴͳˣôܻƶࡣ
κӣһֵЦݣȷûܵˣ㲻ˣ걾ɶ᲻öһָͷ~
κչԼգĿֻŶʱߡ
ӵգûһ˵ֵˡ
Ϊŵķһۡ
ǰλΪʦ㵱óţô⻰˵ôأ
κŷֳӣǰڡ
Ȼûзϣ
ⲻǱĬյĻ𣿣
κһָգ㲻Ҫ꾫
лл㣬֪ҳúܺÿҪѣݰݡ̧һǣùһЦǧ뿪
Ű裬˭ô˳أûУҲԼŰʱ
κſڵˣΡΡĿڡ
ɫ˲٣κڣҪͼȥѻʯ㻹Ҫة˵λõĻ
㶼Ϊ˵磿κŵĿŷĿڣϵһⰡҲ۰




279 庢
 

ΪʲôôɥĲĸأˣլһ˹ţû˭ֻôС˲ˮҪءΪĮĿκ˵
κסһʱԡ
粻ǵĺӣҵбҾ͸ˣƴĶһġ
˰ɣκһŮҪ˵ģƴĶܵܵģ
ʧˣ仰֮еģԲûйʧ
ҴδˡĮڣҷŮֻȢޡ
˵ѹʵҲûжٰɣǽ߳īߺڣδʦ֮ǰʦǱĬսĿȾѧ˻顣
κȻ÷ҲǺþ֮ǰ飬֮ԻȢžΪʱĲʣ˵飬ûж١
ԭκúùӵģκΡϹ
ű뿪ķκڵϾþòܻ
ֻȢޣ
б
κ︡ãȻ
ŮǮ

շǽĸۡİĬȴĬĬ²λŲӰǽĻʺ
Ѷ歹ҹգЦ
ֽӹһЦſڣǼˣݹҲͲˡ
صģˡջ˻ӣ뿪ѡ
歿һȻЦ
Цʲô˵ļȥ
ˣʺƷһŮӣõĵǻϡ歽ЦеĿڣͷӣ
á׼ȷ˵ԭϵǣ˶ѱ˭޷ѱ
ȷʵ
ǽ뿪˼ҪҪȥϢ
ˣǲȥ¥ʱ֪֮ҪһʣʱľԼ
תŻʹȥ
ĬĬֹתŷ뿪
鷿ƻͨպȻڵſڡ
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ϢĽȥϵͷӵˣôվڲԶ̴̵Ŀ
¥ʱƺӦʲôȻ̧ͷͿվڵеա
λӣ𣿡ЦеĹ˹ָ
ͻأֵվŹ̸ŮЦǧģ־ᶨɥ
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һü¥ʱĲӣŴӴ

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һߵϣˣһСȣˡ
¥ʱԲԳտո£ƿڣ㲻Ӻ˯겻𣿡
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£
ƽľͺˣӣ⣬۽üҴżаֱˡ
̫ͷˣ
𣿡¥ʱЦһͳο
ǺһֱȥһͬҿУѵԣһ㣡
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Сһֱڿ˵Լ˯ţūûӣֻôǰˡڣ
ղò·ãųǻСӣֽӹ
Ǹȥ˳ֹš
ս˷ڴϣǴˮ۵
翴գĿѾһЩηͺ¡
˵ʲô̽Դû㣬ڡ
翴գȻקס֣ʿڡ
ĸףĸ˵ҡŮǸǮҪ޳ȥģ˵˵ŮȥǲҪܵܡ
˵ţֱµԽųˡ
ĸ׻˵˵ŮָʹȥѼüȮŮûУŮĺϲܵܡŮһӰУǺˣ㲻˺ĸ׺͵ܵܵĶԲԣ
һʱס˵ԼǸˣϾȥвһͨκ
㸸׶أղδش𣬶⡣
Ƕˮš֮ݸա
ĵȥһЩȡ֮Ľ׶ԳŮɺˣ׻̳Ůʶ֣ųŮˣŮöóԵģ
Ӹ˲ʵĸҲܰ㣬ֻڵĻŮ㸸ɺܰ㣬ļң㶼Ҫȥ
ŮȥˣĸϲŮġͷֲĳˡ
տķ磬ͷһǡ
κ治ˣС˵Щʲô




280 
 

ȥͲ£óԺסðҪڹڹû˻ǿġԴ
ĿЩŵĿѯʣ𣿡
Ȼˡָָǣҹ˯òãǿǻöóԵģʱܳԵöóԵˡ
ɴ˿ɼǸжĵִ
𣿡羪ϲĿա
ĸ˵ϳŲأʺõһˣǹùҲǺܺã
Ц֣ǷСūȥ˯ū澾͸ģ
֣˵ǻŤͷգڣŮˣҲЩϢ
̾һӺʹһЩ˵ͺˣŲǷӡ
յı֤߻ţε˯ˡ
£Ǻջ˺ôĹŰѷԱ̬УҲǹû
٣ûͬ˵Ҳָô졣
ڻʳǵûйעûйʣô֮֮ķչ
̫˺ͼλϳ߽ϥһ
һдε̧ͷһۣͷд
սĵķӶȥ
û͵ϳ߽ƺǳʲô¡
ϳͿһߺȲ迴дεա
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տβȰ˵ȥϳǣĪǹ£
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һ߻òٵķ磬ЦЦź˵Ͻȥ빬ɣЩȫסֻȫӦ
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ǵɫʵء
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տűſڵһȺŮˣϵƽŵʶģˡ
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ƳһۣȻûһĿʲôǶɥء
һȺŮסһʱԡ
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281 
 

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˰̧ͷͿһߵ㡣
⺢ӣҲ֪ʲôʱġ
շӿһҲͷȥ

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Դǵ䡣
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һʱϵӶѳһ
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ﲻڹҲû빬ãȻĿǡ
治֪˵ʲôˣﲻһ𣿡
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282 Դ
 

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Ϊĸףյ룬²úƽƽġ
ͰΪ˺ӣȥķˡ
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뿪ĭ̾һ
˵滰⺢ȷʵʱ򣬻޶˻ԣȫѹϣиǸⲻǸ鷳




283 Ҫ
 

ߵ޵ſڣշſŻ
ǰкˣӵǵĿա
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284 ҩɾ
 

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285 
 

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286 ƽ
 

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ةεԼķͬ鷴Żʺ
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лϣǡ
һκ嵽ǵŶ״ʺĿҹةฮ
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ڻʺҹةฮһ£ӲǺˣһֶû˵
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̣ϰǻʺɡƽЦЦˣ㿴ʺôŰ裬Ǳϻ𣿡
һʱૡ
ʵڹ̫ˡ
û֮ǰЩŮÿյİԾǻʺͻ֮ĳ֡
˵ǳҲǰɣžϰ輸죬ȻϳĬãʺЦźһϡ
ҪԷƱϲƽģŻƽЦñ۵Ŀڡ
ƽſϿͻϳܰѻϸߣ˵ȥȥôŰôûذǻ˵ʲô𣿴ȥ鷿빬ͨҪ߽ȥϡ
ʵʺ飬޹ܰٹٳݵʱˣһֱڡ
ˣϴҲ㿴ǹʲôϡûУϴɺˡο
ŻƽȻŻθտյģ²ʲô
̴ĿŻƽȻ뵽ʲô⼸µºû
ƽƺ뵽ʲôŵĿỴ̂ôܡ
ūȥҽ̼æܵùȥҽ
ûһҩҽˡ




287 ײ
 

ʰ֮ҽƽϲ̶һЩ飬
ҽƽĿԼĶӡ
ˣкˣˣ
ƽֿЦġ
̰ûƽ֮󣬼æȥ׼Եģɲܶ͸еᰡ
ԱˣƽԼСǧذת
ʺﲻһݵĺӣһҪ취סĺӣ
鷿
ŹڵϵĻƽü
OʲôӷҲ֪ˡ
ƽкӵϢǼеϢ֮󴫱
ʺӻ檵ĺӣƽͷϿҵĿ˵
һ˼ƺҪ˺O᣿
ƽҧҧʺ檱ʸ֮ģֻ¶ó檶ĺӣĳ檾Բʲôе˼ֻиŶա
տ۾Щ׵Ůˣ̾ϢһOɡ
ƽҲҹвգֻö̽Լ
Oģϵ᱾ͺ٣ĺµġڣŻ˼
ƽﷴӦصգֹлʺ
ˣȥɡӼ
ǶգƽЩԱĴϥһͳȥˡ
ƽ߳鷿̵ǵӣڣȥﳽϰɡ
ǻʺȥ𣿡СĿڡ
ƽҡҡͷҲ֪Ҳȥ
ﳽ
ƽ뵽ţǸӾȥæˡ
һƽȻһ󵨵뷨Ͷ˵֮󣬾뿪˲
Ҳ֪ﳽˣ𶼿
㿴ҲɫҴҵġ
ƽ޵ȥſ˰أȹ̨ף߽ȥ֮󣬼ҲûڣԽĳȥ
ԽȥͷöδĶ
ߵڵƽ︡һĨâ
ʲôȻ𣬻ƽһĴ֮󣬾ͿӰų¥ʱ
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ϡƽ̰Ŀǰϥһ񣬡檲μϡ
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λ
ǻûյһĥ
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¥ʱʶֻס֫ԷûˤˣŻЦӯӯˣ䵭ڣʲô
ϣ㿴ѡ񡣡ջ¥ʱĲӣЦٻ⡣
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̫ӵ±٣뷨ӰǽֽϵȥĶҪ޳ˡ




288 
 

ֽӹǵֽţּ
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պȻվŲͷ¥ʱŲҵĿڣ˵Ҫ𣿡
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գ¥ʱЦӯӯӣһ
հݵЦڡ
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˵¥ʱǼٻϥһ񣬵תһ䣬ϣ˵ˣ뿪Ͱᵽ乬ȥ
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ϰȻԼҵ¿ҲңǿԼ侲ź
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ôգһ仰һӣһ⿪ӣֻµʱ򲻽ӣһɢ
ɴҲϣ̫ˣ򲻵˵ãһӵľƣ




289 ȥ²ء
 

տ¥ʱϡ
ϡ̧ͷ¥ʱǱˣԡ֮ͷôûµЩЩᣬ۽üҶͲ١
¥ʱԴû

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ҹ֮һڴϻűڷﳽ¥ʱȭͷ߬˺һĶżᶨȻϢ뿪
ա
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곯֮г˼һ¥ʱ顣
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κγӲĵģһҪȥ˵ǿ˻֮ſɰģϾŻϲѾĻ̵̻ġ
յĿȻһս֮󣬷ȥ
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̫ϳԼĺ룬ƴӳȥ
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ҵġ
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Ҫ³ƽ𣿡
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ʵǱ˴˶֪ס¥ʱĶûУҲܡ
קŲ֣ʲô㲻˵ʲôҲ˵ʲô
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ողǻúõ
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һԲϽΪŸոյ̬Ҳãһʱ䲻æµȴҪȥ糯ˡ
ģҪǿﴧһȥˡ




290 ϷϺ
 

һ޹ĿŻˣ𼸷Цɫϣʳ㳼檺ܷģ׼뿪ȥˡ
С¥ʱһڲء
ЦЦϣ檲֪ͨ㡣
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ա
¥ʱڽǵϣӣɫĲУ۽üҲд粻
һ񣬽һ֪
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һӳսսĿڡ
ϣ̫ӵ±ˣеģðϣ̫ӵǷ񰲺ãǰãǷóȼ

ǵڼżֻѹԽԽ͡
ĬĬ˵һ군
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ɱǱȻġ
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Ŷ¥ʱһü̫ģ²ˣ˶ι

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񲻽üͷЩͲסĳӣ侲
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291 ߵ
 

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һС;ڳ
ҾǺܺ泽ǻʺʲô֮Ȼô˾Ҩһװ׷ιߡ
СӲϲ׷ˣ֪Сǲأ
ֻһ룬ֻҪ̫СԲһס
ȥ͵ιߣɳȥ
ĸǵʳϿʳˣĸͶһ죬ĸӲǲóһ㶫
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Сʳü
ЩСǱСޱʳǳԷʱֱһѡ
ĬƬ̣ĸ˵ʳ岻ãʳͻһ첻ܳԶ
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ܰף̫ӵԲ٣ǻʺȷʵˡ
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ˡ
˽ϵӽ⿪Լԡ
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ֻ𣿡С˵ӣûһӵӣ᲻װһˣ
ԱϵӲ죬ȻˮһڣŵǵģԲҪӲߡ
ϳɵСƺԡ
˵һӣٴҲ޷ӾӪߵġ




292 
 

ﻹʣһЩ׷ָӣ˵ʳ𣿡
Աˡ㿴Լǰѹȸеˣ䣿
룬ͷЦ
㿴ˣʱŷʵĺܲ
͸ʲͣҲʣֻʺ䣬һ۹ȥ˸оΣգˣͬΣա
Ҫ˵ʲôʱһ˽
ܰϥһ񣬹Ŀڵ˾
ͷȥŻˣֳ̧򦣬˾ôˣ
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ܰʰ˶žͳȥˡ
յĶӣȻǼһСӺܻõӡ
ȥ֣ϵĺۣͷѯʣôСŪˣ
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Ҫǲܼǻʺ𣿡ҲϵĺۣȻСϸƤġ
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㿴˿ԼСȣĬΣͷ
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û
һԼˡ
ǣһЩĿڣǶܣĸŶۡ




293 
 

أʲôã̫ˡ˫СأĸĺӣЩ֮У𡣡
ѵúĲ˲յ֣Ժúûĸģ
һʱ嶯֪֮иڣĸζֲġ
һֻõӹһɵĸһ߿յ¡
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Ǳǻϵˣ޴뷨ճȥ׼Ǻͳ򸾻ϡ
ϦӦһԼ뿪




294 
 

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̫ӵ´һСӡ

գˡ
ӭսȻͿ滤չ
ǰ
滹û˵ʲôжͷһʱЩΡ
վһڽϱʿ̧һߡ
ȥǰ棬ǳһˣͨһ÷֣ϾȻһġ
˴ʰһͨߴȻͿһ˵ϵӪǰ
ʿ̧ȥǰ棬˳һ񣬸ȥա
һģ̧ƿڣ̫Ӵñȷû˵ġ
΢紫ȥλˣ̬ȣɢĽ׽͸
Ņ̀һӣ󱻵㱻ƳǷźⶥ塣
Ϊص㡣
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ǸӣΪѹȻڵĿڵǴϯ̫ֻҪøǣڲǾͷ
ӣϾһСҲûʲôã̫ӵҲͶģ򣬾˵ǷĲأ
һǺܿˣֻҪǸĸ׾ͻͬģ
κˣǰλǻʺ󣬴ơ




295 ս
 

յĮ̧Ƥӣɱ˰ɣɱ˺ô򡣡
赭д󣬵е书ӵ˻Ͽõ
޶˵ľܶ졣
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ǸΪԼˣͶ䣬ĿĲſգ˵һ飿
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·ֳϯȥ˺ܶ࣬ʣЩأ
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˭뵽ôϯʿĿ׳սҾأ
ӣʿҪɱУн䱸ߺǴһ·ˡ
ͲԼԼ




296 ̫
 

ͦŮˡ֪ЩŲǿѨˡ
޹ֻͣŻֺѵĳ嶯
ΨһˣģҶŮ᲻һȤ
ЩŮ˲Ư
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²Ŀĳ
֪ΪʲôղԼˣֻҪϸ۲ܿȺͷϵĿײһϿŴĴϯͼڣֻҪǴϯ˶ϵó

˽ǳսʽǸͲ֪յսʽͻһɾӾʹǴֲĲδš
һս˱
濪ʼԼľӴҡڵʰսǹȫŹ֮ʬʲôʣȻȳ
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ðİᡣ
ˡ
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̧һҾʦ
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ﷴӦһ㣬ʲôƫõĿζ𣿡ڣһ߹Թվŵ㣬һСӵԴ
죬Ժð˺ܶĲˣ룬ȿȿȣģġ
šףͳȥ
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Ľȷʵܡĥ˾ˣǶʱ䣬Ǵضӹȡ
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¶һ㺦µӣҪݵĴϻ߳
һʼ֫Ӳŵ治ɫ߳޶һǣ֪ʲô
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˲һЦݣԾĲ˲յ֡
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濴ԼСӣ΢΢һ飬Դ˼ѣϤĲ
뵱꣬ҲǱôԴģѧɵһ¾ǽôЩϻǰˣʦֱӰȥ
աʦûȥջὫЩŪɡ
棬̫ӵĺ𣿡
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Թ֮ųȺȥӪתƣŴղ
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ʱʱܼˣǲĴҴҡ
ðŨ̵ĵطĸʲôط
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š
ϳǽͼ˵ʲô
ôˣһ䣬
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濴ŻôгǽߵӣһֱһԼĸ첲ϡ
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Цŵͷԣ̫ӵ´
򴽣˰֮󣬵ǲͻϮӪ
̫ӵˣô֪ģʺģ㣬ŷ⡣




297 ս
 

ҡҡͷµģĸ̹ĸҪֵϢãȻôͻϮݶϺ󡣡
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ֻΪԼҶս̸޿⣬ǰɱֻҲӣĸ⣬ѵΪʲô˷ѣ
СϿδϯĲʢ١
濴ԼǸСӣڵ𣿡
ȵͷһ䣬Ҫָ̫ӵһǻȴһٰɣע޷̫ӵô̿ġ
Ц̫̫ӵ´޲ڵģ˵ˣ̫ӵѧϰ츳ԶԶ˦֣Ĳ࣬ⲻܹ
ĺԼСӸȥ
ǰĳĸ첲ڣǲġ
Լ̲ˣǻй
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Ǿ˵°ɡĬĬһ졣
¥ʱĿ⣬һԾֿɰЦݡ
¥ʱƿĿ⣬ûһ취




303 ֮Լ
 

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Ҳѹջô⣬ĸ̨巵޵ߵĳ磬ϥ»ãȻôôġ
Ǻܺյʲô
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޴˴ǰ̸ϣʮɽΪޣϾˮˮȻԵĻܿͨóȻá
˵£Ҳɫ˼֡
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ͷĬڵ¥յ»ǵ𣿡
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ѰѰĻջܰĵĹӣ
ѲɻǴ˾ϲɩ㵵ĿַӷԼո˵ģôܣܵġ




304 
 

ôͲˣ񲻸ŵӣڣϲ̸ϣǴ˾ִ
⡭һߵĲյһڲѹѹܲĿڣɩòãҲãΪܳɴ˾ִ
Ϊӹ͸źͰǶûеģ˵𣿡
ûǧǰźţȻͲôˡ
Ů˾Ǵλ߶ŮˣŮ˱۶ǣĪĳɾ͸С
ı¸޷ģյλ߲٣û˳ɹ˵ᱻˢת
巵ۣҲ˵Լա
ҡҡͷյӣڣҾֻҪлɩڣоʲô鶼õģЩʱҶпĺø
巵۵׻ãô˵治
ӡָӣ˵ǴϯĵӺ޻û
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ŶˣŮӸˮģȥһίʵϧ
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Ȼأ¥ʱһ䣬գҪʾأ뿪
û湻ء˵꣬ҵĻƽȥĳ谮Ǳһ˵ģܱʲôỤű




305 ˣ
 

ƽЦNɪգ񿪿ڣǳ֪̫١һ⣬ϻЦ𣿡
ջͷһվһɫĮˣһĻȣջĿ⿴Żƽᰡ
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306 ϲ
 

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֪νϾ˾ԲͳϹġ




307 
 

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308 κѲ
 

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ʵ治ףյʲô巵νȻΪһŮ˱ˡҲ˵ϻķ˳ǵߣѰ·
һڲ裬֣һ·ʱϯʱ治·޵Ķ࣬Ҳ޵ĺܺá
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ĬƬ̣֣ߵͷĻҾν顣
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ν˵ĸ飬Ҳûкʲôž¥ʱԯްɡ
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ӻصϣߵκԺͿææǡ
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ӣҲʢˣҲ׼ˣӦǲʲôġ
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հ֣ǰһŵӷһߣŷڣة಻صǣӻûµġ
Ǿ˵ĸ׻£
ŷƺҪ˵ʲôհǲ˹ֻڸǰ
㡭ȴ֪˵ʲôκͺľĸ飬κ˵ûжĸо
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һ߸ϵĸоʲô˶Ϊ˭أЦ
ЦЦνӣڵʦ㣬ɵǼɵκв֮㣬˵ʦΪ˭
΢΢һ飬ܲΪ˱
Σԡ




309 κ
 

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˯˼֣վһޱķϸдˣڵȥһ̡
źۼһۣ߽ȥ
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310 緢
 

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314 ڼ
 

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315 򵥵
 

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316 ܾ
 

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317 ĸӳȥ
 

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318 սʤ
 

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319 ´
 

ղ糯ͿȫϲüҵӣԼͲ˲Ծ
صﳽ޵ڲͷˣʲôֶׯ֮Ժֱܹȥϣһǡ
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320 ˰
 

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ûһ̫Ŵ󲽽
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̫ԼСӣһҾڣμϡ
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̫һҾ̫ӵλûȥӼ࣬γةݴûʲô⡣
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ⲻڿβ֪һڿξһ
үү֪ʶ洢Ǵףν֪֪κ֪ʶ٩٩̸
̫֪֮ͷүү֣̽үүݳΪ֮
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պ˵˵¥ʱƳһˣù仰Կ
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322 ֱ
 

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ʱͿĸһһӣһ鼮
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323 ʷ
 

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324 ѩ
 

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325 Ů
 

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¥ʱ巵Դʾο̶ָĲָٶȲУӦҲдǿںһЩ
ͬѾǺܳɫˡ
ƽʱû巳ֵļСԴҲĿɿڴ
²ǹ£
ΪԺɷǣ
УˣԼĸ첲˸߲ҵĿ¥ʱ
Ȼ֪ʷˮˣҪøȴӦ
Ϸԡ¥ʱϲЦտĺӣɫԵΪΡ
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ҧŴ˼ţ˰죬ֱӵ벻˷ŵ飬ܴӦÿ쳭𾭣
ΪԼҸʴӦҲѪ
ǾͿʼѧŴ񣿡¥ʱڡ
漰˵ߣȻѧǾҪѧã˵ҪǶһ㱾£Ժֻкôûл
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֡Ťͷ㣬̨ߵߣһĿøʱܺúõĸ㡣
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326 д
 

巣ԴºͲѣɵѾͷԸĻ֮á
Ҳһ仰ԼõĻġ
¥ʱЩο
ʣӦŤͷԼҸʣᶨĿڵϵЦҫ緢ӡ
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ֺǺǵȥһ֮ͺ¥ʱ֡
㼸Ծһ߳һŵΧۣȺʱʱ̾
չŶʱͿ̨ϵĸŮ˴Ȼ졣
̫߳ô
¥ʱһ赶Ūǹô֪أ
ڲͬ⣬ҲϣԼŮԱһ߹ֿ̨ϵˣҵ¥ʱдһ
ܴڶֲʤƵĿڣӴһǷ
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ϣܺ𣿡պȻų̋Ϻһ
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ΪʲôƲ죬ӵݸ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
¥ʱƳһˣ֣򲻹
գɾûӮӮ²ȥ֣ڴϻ˴βסˡ
ĬĬԴֱӡ
ҭ
ת뿪ǺԹ
ǲͷ¥ʱĵĿڡ
¥ʱַƽ֣ʲôñȵģ
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ǳеҪùˣ~ջ˻¥ʱ֣˼ʶ޺һ档
ţĸ˵Ҫָ㡣¥ʱĽԼŮˣ㵵ӣļ򣬡úѧ֪𣿡
룬Ҫ
ԼĵĿ⣬己ʾˡ
Լĸı̬д𸸻Ǿǵģģĸ̹һ֮Ͳڱ̵ڶˣ
ͬĿһ巣ǱǸĸѵҲ£ȻҲȥȥһǹѲƶ
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ĸ󿴿ûг
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ȥ̧һҾĸ顣
յͷ
ô˶ڣȻҪؼӡ
֮˶óʵԵУȡʤȻҲôѿ
巸Ĵָ
¥ʱûдⳡд裬ܿó˵Ľ֮ǽ١
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ǲУٶһЩ̧һҾܿ͹۵ָԼĲ֮
¥ʱҲû˵ʲôܿԼĲǺ顣
ٶȷ棬յٶ̫ˣһʱӦҲģϾ书Ψ첻ơ
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ߵ̨ӱϣ¥ʱһֻ־ͱڵϣ漴һأŸϵӵˣе㲻ĵĿڣĲһ𣿡
򡣡¥ʱ˵꣬ǣ׼뿪
տһЩнС¥ʱˡ
ۺ뿪֮һȺڲŻԾ
ͦʬһ㿿㣬ߺ
˺ˣĸˣͺˡεĿڡ
Լĸ̫ˣ׵Ļô˰
Ͱ޿巣Դ˱ʾͬ顣
ʺǡ̫ˡ
ĸײпһ䡣
һǵ۷ɹȥݺݵĿڣŲűͷ
ͬ쬵ĿųȣСӾǷˡ
ĸĺÿ£϶˶קӣʾη塣
Сӽ˸Цˡ
ģûսʱĸ󣬲ȻͻⲻʲôͰ͵İ֣㣬֣߲˰Ҫȥ
á巵ԴӦˡ
ãĿ巣ĸô𣿡
ȼû˵ʲô
ʺǲڻϵĴڣ޵ˡ
ˣֻ˵Ǻ֪ĸһϵԴĵĿ˵
СãûĸѪһ档
ȻҲϣ




327 ò
 

ϻǲĸҼͣׯִ󷽡
Уһ뿪
ɣһȺ˵˵ЦЦȥʱ
㱳ϵ巣ԼӣĿһʱ䰵˲١
֮Ĺϵ͸оԼ岻ȥ
ְȥһ񣬹ؾصĿ
㵭ףð
֣ʽǣûϵϣ޷ҲңǱ˸ˡ
͸ĸд衣㵭ڡ
︡һЩ㵡
ãǳԻҪ𣿡ϴӺðһԴĿڵ
룬ͷ
ȥҪȥ˽һ
㲢δ˵ʲô϶ſˣ˵ʲôҲס
ʱ˼ˣδȺ̽ʲôǱСĺӣҲʵúܡ
ûգӭ͡
巺԰֦ϵѩ档
԰ΪˣһѩҹȥŶȥ巣︡ЩЦݡ
СѾͷþòЦе̧һС
巿źȻֵˣ΢΢ɴ۾ЩȺ⡣
壡һЦݡ
ɫһӾͺˣ
ȥôĴ壡
һЩЦе巣︡ϵЦݡ
ºһȥװͰ͵Ŀڡ
ͷЦеĿã
ĲУǿЦݹԾС軵ϲǽ
壿ͷλ˵ˣקԼһʽӣĺһ䡣
ԡ̧СԴ巣ƵĿڣСʲô
ϣҵܵܣ巿ɽĿڣĸָһܵܺã
˽ŵӣСûеġ
𣿡Цһ
巵ͷЦſڵ궼ûмˣһ㶼û䣬鷿ҪҴȥ𣿡
ڰ֣Ŀڵȥȥ㸸̫Ȥѩ̡
ðߡ巿ȵӣֺǺǵĿڡ
ûأ񵹺ãˡ
žһλݲ壬ľûʲôˡ
ȥѩߵ÷԰Ц
߽һͿ˴˴巺ڴѩ̣ѩķɡ
Ӵһľһʱֲѡ
ĬĬվڲԶš
һ˴ߣصĿʲôһļã
߹Ѿļˣֱҡͷ
һѩӱ͵Ϯ
һʱ鱻Ҹš
ιιιС͵ϮɲáѩϣһĨЦݿڵ
Цһֵͣһˣȥ̧һҾ¾ò
þòԽһˡϵѩȥŸӰθ߲ٵˣŵ͡
ӣƺûʧһֱôɫ
㵭һЦ¹ұǴȻҲҪһȥ鷿Ʋ
ȥȥذ֣㸸̫Ȥʲô֮˵Ҿ档
㿴Դ󷢵ˣҡͷ
һô
ˣǾټףȥ巷ȥͷϼϵѩ湻˾͸ȥ鷿ˡ
巵ͷ
СУȥɡȵȤðڰ֡
ҡͷ巾ˡ
;ʱ򣬵λǸʵĹͣɳײ
뿪ıӰ︡һĨΪʵɫ
巡Ϻ˴ѩĶôû˵һ֣ôҪҪײ˹͡
ȳײܱȵ巺
֪⸽ˣ֮󣬿һ۾ƿĿ⣬뿪
Сûôϲĸо
ϱĲӿգգ۾еãȻ
һ۾ջĿ⣬
ߵ԰ľҪˣ߲ҪȻߵе
ϣⰲСܹȥסϵ֣ЦĿڣʲϾٰᣬĸ׼ʱֺܺͬҳϯ
ãһͬԺóԵˣЦߣȥĸĸ϶׼ѣ
ˣĸѾ׼ˣģҿˣɺÿˣⰲקסϣչȥ˵ĸҲһŶ
𣡡ϲüңߣȥһʹùã
ⰲͷǣϵ־׼뿪
ŻÿɰСĿȻһЩ
⺢ӣĲ




328 
 

Ϻڰ֣Լ׼ҪˣԱ㡣
ʳ߹סӣڣλ£ѩ·ĪҪС
áϹԹԵͷʳĿתǹùãʲôóԵģ
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ǻʹùø·ΪĿڣŲ·ַŲµġ
ЦŵڷﳽС²ȥﳽ
Ͽⰲתȥﳽˡ
Ȼֻǿһߵˣϥһ񣬡λҪȥﳽ
λɲİ
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λŮӵӹΡ
ﳽ
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ˡտڣǽĶ˳ӳԡ
ⰲԼߣһߵˣڣǺ𣿡
ⰲҡҡͷ̧ͷԼĸף𣿡
šͷλʲĹͣ´μҪò֪𣿡
ⰲͷ̧һҾλá
ˡ֣μһ񡣡
ⰲ߹ȥڰ֣壬޹»
ܾ˵һƬǲԵġָϵİָݸҲ̫صĶ°ɡ
ⰲһԼĸףͷ֮󣬲ǾͶлˡ
óһ׹ӵݸȥȻһԲ˼ʾĺף
ⰲӹл֮󣬻ص߽Ķٵǰ
ЦЦԼպá
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ձһԲ
̸̸ϵС¥ʱ湻˵£
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ܱ巵һԲϾѪɺúá

ˣ̧ͷס¥ʱĸ첲ˣǵҪϵĻȥϾһҲá
ˣɵû˵ˡ




329 ͵
 

¥ʱĿϡ
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ԴȥЦеĿڣÿɹ˿ɶˡ
΢΢һС
ڴѩʱǸСŮ
ǸӣûжٺøУ˵滰ɴȥҲԸ
ûԵֱԣ¥ʱĿ⣬̯֣ɴСȥҲԸλȥ
¥ʱҲû˵ʲô
ճĬƬ̣Ҳ֪˵ʲô
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Ҳô˵
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ֻϣ⺢ӸϽԼƢȻԺĿͷԡ
Ҳûĸ첲޵ȥ
ҪױˣϵַǷ
¥ʱ޵ǵȻϲţŵŮ
žһλеѪԵϵˣ˶ѡ
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飬ֻǿп޵ĴڡſºģֻĮ
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¥ʱޣռУڣÿϲܴˡ
ǿƺղĻͻԶ֡




330 ϴ
 

տŰԵˣƲ졣
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¥ʱһߣǿȥһ֣Ӷ޵ӡ
һ¥ʱ˵һ䣬תһȦ飬ĹǷѹ
ˮڴȹӣֵֻæһ
檵һ𣿡յӰ洫Ħڶ
㲻˵»ûǻϯ¥ʱӰڣû֦չĪŻһ¾飿
ûһۡ
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մһҷɫķ۴߳ɺܾޣֻҪ¾ͻ˾ǰһ
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¥ʱյݣְŵģﲢδʲôʱ
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š¥ʱףĶһ֡
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ڶ졣
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ʲôƽ͵ģǸ߸ϵĳǻʺ󣬶һС
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ڷȥȻʽؽɽƽ߽߱˵ʽͻȽᡣ
ʼҫĿ˵ͬϽ𡣡
ζЦЦӣЦſڣʽ㣬Ǻ£Źͷ˾ԸԺٲˣܶԻ𣿡
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¥ʱĵôܻԥĿڣɼڴϯĶð
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ֱܷó֮εĻҩζͲݵĸо
һŮһŮð˭أ
ŮɱŮǰŮŪŮȥͶϣ




331 һ
 

һʱ벻Լվվ顣
һ㣬鲻վվġ
Ǵһѩ
һߣĿһ˲ȥһ񹧹ȥһ빬ɡ
տһ޹ģ϶ȥ
ȥǰС︡Щơ
빬
һ˵ʱȫڽյĵſڣǸʲô˭Ҳ֪
巺١
ԼĸҲڣֹ֮
֨ѽ
ű˴򿪡
¥ʱ߳ŵԼݡ
˯ȥͷ濴˿
¥ʱַסֽ§ڻ棬ӦһЩͷϢһôˣ
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ô
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335 ʧ
 

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Һ˵仰պȻڣɫĮ
ֵÿѹذףóһҩ
Ӵֻнҩ
ЦһקŴֻȥ
նڴϣ֫ĵۣǿĮĿ⣬ֻĬĬ᲻ҿ޳
һԼĸȥ˵ˣһǡնĿϡ




337 
 

Ĵһ
ģ֪ģ
ո˿ڵ֪ŮΪ˵õŮıӣŻ᲻ϧԼĸס
ƮƮĻ棬
ܾԼǸ鴩ˣȻ֪һͿľ飬ȴ˸Ҵˡ
ԼǰΡ
հ޷ӣǰ˻Σţһ֪ʲôŶ
ֵĿ⿴գ֮סԼ֣ȻԼӳյȥ
ǵܺտ⡣

һĻȻͷϵ׼ɱˣֻշն㿪Ҳ֡
յڴһѪ¥ʱıŰѹסˣһ彣ֱӳɹȥ
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Ե㿪һѹСҡҡλΣֱӴ̴˴СҡһȥȻ󴬷ˡ
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ԴûˮоϢǺҪʱһȻˮѭ
׼ȥ˼˷˲Ծ
ߵ߾ͿˮڵˣԣӦսˮĥϹˮЦӯӯȴ˵ΪﱻĥǸˣ⡣
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ⰲϱٶ֮죬ֱһ⧲
Ŀһ䣬մƿɲܶˣǸӣ˾Ͷ˰ɡ
սľϣԼˮȻͱڲϡ
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ԼһƵ֡
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ҹĻ뵽ԼԺֻҲͬڰһ㡣
ݰԼŮŹ
ֻԶȥ
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Ĵƿڱϡ
üĮӣһЦӣҪǡ
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նȥ
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ϼ岽һˣҲӲˣϵķҲô
һһűƿնûҵԼҪˡ
һӵƺˣޱĶƹȥƿ
һƬǽ壬Ǽ²Ĵܣڵ˿ǵĿռкԡ
մӴȥȥһ߹ȥ
̧һ
պ˴һһʽ
ؿڶһߣĿ⿴գܵ޶˵İȫС




338 
 

˰ʱսס
ǻʺôѵ촽︡ս⡣
ûǿĶˡ
ֿȭĴ򣬹񫡣
պЦһɱһЩǿһŮǲԵģ
˵ݲ򵥰һ򵥵Ӧĳλλߡ
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һ䣬§ǳſȥ֮ˡ
ĨȥǵѪ
û֫ôܴҪȫʢʱڣֻ򲻹ɡ
úݵŮˣҲΪ巵ϹŮˡ
صӣǣٿգ︡Ͼȣ̵ļʡ
ǵʱҲôһվһοء
óһȹӸǻϡ
¡ץյӣЩŵ
ǵԴڵԣûˣţ
ǵͷԼҵϵˣȹ֮óҩԼҵҩ
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һϣǺ˯
ѹʱ򣬾Ϳվڴ߿羰ա
ˣղͷǣϢһᣬҲ¡
ǵͷԹ
Ǹˡ̽ſڣ²СĴǵ˿ڡ
ڵǴˡ
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ԴԼҲһʱĵȻҲûлֵء
´עһ㣬˲򵥡ִڴϣƿ˵һ䡣
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һ·϶˽Ӧ¥ʱ˿Ҳ޷
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̧䣬źŽ죬˹ĿڣС˼̫ˣʥŮҪģӵĸˡ
Χ˽Ŀϣίʵû뵽ôƯŮӵġ
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գգ۾ĮֻǺʩһǮ㣬δ㣬Ȼ̸
ֻԼͷݺһԼôִʱһʩᣬһǻ飬ͷǶϷˣδ֪֪
ʲô߰顣
Ĳʺˣȸ˶ܸԼǳô鷳
ãܺãķ뿪
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һϤĵΣ̫ˣͷӬתҵǵʱѾȥ˺ܾá
ﳤȾѪˣ︡ϵĳԣ̶ɭ
Ϊһܴɱ䣬ΪʲôͲܷһԼأ
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ʲôۻܱȵĮˣ
ڣĮɱӣǰסǵĲӣںҶҪһһݻˣ
ȻԼڵôҪҲ
ĺӣɷҪһҾݻٵ




339 
 

滻ݡ
һλɫȹŮδˡĵ̿ЩˣֻʵʵҲ֪ʲôġ
Ҳֻڼѹֵýͳתת˭֪ƫƧĵطߵֵĵǰ
Ů׼Ʋ뿪ʱһָоڸ߽ȥ߽ȥõҪĶ
ǹһ㣬Ů߽ȥȻ󡭡
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һ渡λߣֻεּҰ
Ůʬδĵܵܣڵҡĵܵܵˣ
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Ůǰһ˫ֽץȹڣҲ£ֻҪܸıܵܵˣԸ⣡
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ںɽˣʱһӣӽ㲻ðˣ
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СܲͷԴǾͺãҲ͵
ֻǣС治ǸˣǲһžܼǮơ
ֻǿϧĸЩҲˣ֮ǰǿ԰ټҷ֮ǿǿҰ˳伢ʱʱȥɽڵҩĻǮһ»ʳ
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һ·ʡԼãǮʣܶ࣬һ·Ҳû˴ע⣬ҪľСӹͷӶ˳Եòʣˡ
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ӷ޺֮ǮʣŲ٣Ҳ֪ЩǮ˭صģĸİգǲóЩƱġ




340 
 

޸˭һӿŸò̼˵Ȼг֮Ҳг𡣡
޲ûȥץŵʱԼһ٣ʲôˣԼһ鷳
ԭ¥ʱƻˣõλ㣬Ȼȥɽˮֱ޵һ졣
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֮أ˵ҲһѾ
ʦϿ˵ˣˣʱƤ
û취Ψһһʦãʦֵܼ˳軹Σ
뿪գ뿪Լָų˾뿪Ҽ̣
ͳ֣Һͳ֡
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ճ˽ֵʱ򣬴뿪
ȥץ˿Ǳġ
󣬸ˡ
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ֵ˿ڶˣû֪һĳЩ档
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ųȥĵ̣ú֮ͷ˯
ڼգÿһ˯ģֻ³Ҵˡ
˯һ죬ѹԵ㶫ϴ裬ֻجج˯˺ö죬ֱ˯ת
֪֮Ҳùˡ
ϵõҩȬĺܿ죬ȺõĲˣոǰš
ž˵仰˯֮߻
һĳ˾Ӹ˾ǶһŮˣóԺúȴţڸ˾ս޶á
Ҳ֪˾ǸŮǺεȾޣȻλ˾ս
˵Ҳ֣˾ҲǸѪ飬ȻŮ˵Ůء




341 
 

ӽͷӶġ
ҴˣȷʵˣΣ˵ǡ
ЩϺõɴȹ͸λİɣ
ȻأɾôӵŮˡ

˺ˣ˵ˣ˾ϲˡ
һȺɫɴȹŮ߹Ϊ׵ӵسһĶյĹȥ
ūǴ˾ǲȹˣ⼾ȣزɴȹȽˬΪ׵˵һĻζҲء
ûһǴ߳
ȻǺ㣬ʤضׯ欵˱һζ
ɡ̨롣
һߵ棬ûһֻһλɫȹ˳
·ر𣬳ȹأ첲˫ڵʵɴ¶첲¶ȡ
Ů˻ŵĲģȹÿĻȣŷ𻡶ȡ
ӯƮݣ̻Ի͵ĵڣȻŮ
λϣ˿ֻһ֧ܼ򵥵ķԺ
£
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СĮĴƵյĻ룬ǰͲˣ֮Ի뿪Ϊǳ̫顣
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պЦĿųʦ֣ҿǳǻʺҪǳϯĻʦҪͽȻȺ֮ˡ
ȥзӡ




342 ֱ
 

տųŲѵӣҡҡͷȥ
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Ťͷǣһۡ
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΢΢һ飬˵Ҳǣǵ֪ԼᰮϻϣֻµжԾҪԡ
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ȥǰżλ˾һߣֱߵλڣλһãΪ£
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ЮĻʺҪôǽŭףҪôסߣζԴǻʺҪһĵ顣
ȻǲϵģϾйյȫɲˡ
ϲϷ˼䣬ϲסĿһ䣬ĮڣҺ͸˾ЮãҺ֮ʲôԹ
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ͻȻѾвǵȨԼ档
ɳĮϡ٣ȻʮľֲѾЧļɳĮشǱɲռơ
ΪĹƶûסĴһգݣǲ
ǾãգǱֻ¶ϾڻֻǵĴվ͵ˡ
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һ˵ٰ˵Ĵ˾ĬϳΪ
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ɱﲻӭ˾ǻѡذɡܾĺ顣
żλ˾΢ɫֻ޶á
ûбѵʱյ񱱾ˣһˮͷ¿ûôõ顣
һλ˾ɳɫʣ˾Ҫ𣿡
ѵ
һȦָƿڵλ˵ʦܣͶ·Ҳȥ
ųôҪĻһλƢõĴ˾İ߳⻰ȻͶУ
ЦһܱȫҵͶΣûսʱһڸйϷҵȨѹȥͷʲôأ
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ƢҲãʮоŴλׯ֣ׯ׵뿪
ׯ費ּǰֱǲҪѴ
Ӷ֮İ˵ִ˲ˣʽĴŶС

¥ʱѾȥ·ϣǻӻػʳǣֻ·ϵǣȥ޵ʱ䣬һգ۵Ĺ˾Ͳˡ
һ·ӱ׷鵽ϵʱԼˣ¥ʱײ˸š
㲻ǻӻȥ𣿡¥ʱڡ
һ·ϵĿİɲٵ˲ʱ䣬޳Ԯֻڻܵء




343 ھ
 

ҶֱٳˡѾʾԼΣⰲȥ˳˿˭ڲŵ
¥ʱ΢΢һ㶣תͷߡ
ȸȥһҡһҡģȥջȥϣ
ա
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¥ʱ֮ʹ뿪˦
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
һˣѵóɢû߶ԶͿһһСȥҸˡ
ԭȻ죬Ӧ֮ԭԥΣͷҲصĳȥ
ڡ
ǰ۵СޣȫյС棬ﲻһ¡
˭߹һϵգɿ֮ϵĺۣʡԼˡ
üȴδۣһԵĿǰˡ
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һãȻǡ
죡ɫͺһĵȤζɿϸͷūĺӣ˾һС
ĺӣȤü⺢ĿǺһ㶼ĪڿҰɡ
ãȻĿľ档
ūҡͷ漴дʵ˵Ӳգôܻõأ
񱼶·޷ĶԲߣڶȡ»ǿԵģʱѰὫߣط̫ڰ̫࣬ʺС
𣿡
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ǺǺǣǸСǳĺÿյĺӣҲ벻ȥ֡ʵЦ˼ŤͷϣΡ
ӣĸ׶Բ㣬ĸײڣ㿴ڴϯöðʱɱ̫ӣλ֮ĸ׾Ǹ߸ϵ̫ĸӶ˽¥ʱĽɽ
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˵ԼġṦΰ۽üԺҺտǽðֻҪʩСƣȻ޷졣
Ųɱˣ˰֣ȥɡ
أҪ飬ûеƭˡ
æͷл״֮ϻŻ뿪ƺж׷һ
صԼ޵ãȻӣɫǻΡ
á
סڣĸװŤϵĸ첲ʹӣ۲ѵĽ˱ڻ£ҵöĸװղǸɢĸӵ˰
ϼ±ƣֻ˶ߴһϸ΢
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գգ۾ССʱˣھ
ֻ˺ԼĸΪʲôҪأ
²òͷϱԼ޺㲻ĸףҵĸǳǻʺ㲻ǣ㲻ǣ
޺ŵͬʱȭ򣬽һܺӱֵû֡
ĸӡ֮һŰĵĿ޺Źɹı˼ӵˡ
Ъ˿ȥϵᣬӣЦһ
СǻĽ
ǸЩĵԴûдɣùá
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ĲۣžС
⡭ЩڵĿ棬㺦ĸΪʲôҪأ
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ΪǸúӰ͵Ϳڡ
Сˣ󳯻ʱڹɢΪСڲ֪ݵʱΪ˵仰֪ݣҲôĶԴԼ
ȥ͸ʱСһӣ˵䲻Ҫˡ
˵ʲôҪ飬˵ǵһĨоһ˿ů




344 
 

ϲδ˵ʲôĿƺҪ֪˵ʲô
Ʋһˣδ˵ʲô
˵ҲǺְ
޲ȥǶĺӡȻȥȣ붼ò˼顣
Ǵ޵ļڽɫѾӷָôֱٳˣ
׼֮ͱˣȻͱˡҲúƣϸͱץˣֲ֮Сֱһۡ
Цһ巵Ҳûô
ҲͬӣǱƭˣֱ˸治֪ϱʲô
šüĿڵʺģֻԼСĵ
һҲܿóλֵµҲ١
öĻ˼ĿϣСֵ̫򶨣ŲҾ˵ʲôһ
ҡҡͷ̬ܿóһЩ
΢΢һ飬̩ɽǰ治ɫıǸ¥ʱѧ𣿡
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˵𣿡Ž̻Ի͵ӣɢ裬˼Сܻӭġ
һС붼һĵ鰡
뷨Ǿ͸˵ˣСһΣһ졣
֪ͷҪĵط
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Ϊʺĸɱڼݺɱ˺ܶΣգⲻûΣˡ
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һ޺Цݣùã㵱ʱΪʲôҪЮأΪʲôҪ¶أ
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ӿһ۸ֱܹĿڵĸ˵ԼֻϲϵĺÿģΪĺÿԲŻ޹ȥ




345 
 

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ſҪͷð̵ĸϻ󣬡˾巵ȻŰǸƤĲʵ
ǳһ䣬ģڲ㣬¥ʱˣҪСȥ¥ʱţ¥ʱ֪⺢Ӳģ᲻ˣ
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ЦһȤˡ
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߳һ·Ȼ˻ȥ
ڱϵˣ·ʽϯĿʽ︡Ϻ塣
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ԼҴ˾ĻˣŮ˵һԿɼ
ϻһԼĸĻܳʵڵĸ˵ʼɫȨ顣
ɷ棬žͽЦԷǣعܵõ顣
ЦЦɲ¥ʱҪʲôʲôǸŮܶˡ
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ɲһСҲܿ
ֵģ¹ƶó޹ʧЧʾԶ˫һ
书ܸߣ޷ֻ뿪




346 ط
 

ҵǹĻȡ
Һܺ氡յĺӣΪʲôҪأŵϵһ̲Ѫ߱ɱŰ
һѪ˿ڣֳŵ棬̧ͷŸķǲᶮġ
С˾ΥĹǷˣɻûз赽ȫޡ
ıӣ㲻ҪҲǷӡ
ɱŸı
ɲǿɱ
ǲݵĳˣ˽յģӲԣҪǿ䱾Ļȥ
ҪõȾҪ֪ġ
ûʸͬҡһ˦ȥ
ϲǱͬ顣
鵽ڵأŸ߳ŭӣЦеġЩŮ˿ʼʧȥ˵õյȨ㲻֪˽ܲ˰ˣˣൽ˼㣬ء
ɫһ͸ļڽͱǸ¡
ȥĮȥ
ĮһŽĮǸطֻдݲĻɳʲôûУ˽ȥǾԳġ
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ūżųȥ˿ڵѪһء
ǰ𣿡ԽԽԶֱʲô
һӵѪĿãȻƬ̡
İ
Ҳ֪һֵòҪõְִɡ
ǺǺǣ˭أòգ˭ҲҪŵõ
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Ӵ߽ƿһ۸֪鲻ãʱʮֵľźţսսڵ˾λ˾
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ǸһۣǲȻأվ羰
ׯڨڨһЦڵλ
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347 òͻٵ
 

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¥ʱףҪ·ˣֹ̧ˣء
üƽʱǶֹһȴֹֻ˵̫ز
šպȻ¥ʱѨ·Ų߳ѪɫĲʱ۲ѡ
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ǣˮҩճ溰һ¥ʱΣ˺ٺˡ
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ƶǳ֪𣿡ո¥ʱãѨãгͻ塣
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Ⱦ͵Űɡ

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㿴õԲ𣿡˳Ľһ䣬˵Żһ¥ʱˣͷԣȥʹ㿴
Ҳֻܿѡ




348 
 

¥ʱ޿ֵӣ˵򢣬︡ЩΣա
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տһˣȻеƿԣ֪˵ʲô
ԽƱˡ
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Ͼͳһ죬ٹĴӣ˯˯
˵ûʲô˵һû˯ŵ¡
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֮Ȥ㲻ᶮձһǼȥɢ
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ɲ붮ǽɽû˲ԣɲΪһƬɭ֡
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349 뿪
 

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ŲµԭձÿǴȥˡ
ķϰ߲ͬط
Ĵ˾ȨȨ֣൱ڼǻǹʦʥŮ൱ڻʺ
ѡʥŮѡӵ˼Ȼÿ˾ֻһʥŮ
Ǹ˶ٲи檣ʥŮǵޣŮǾӣºӵʱͻС˾ʥŮźʥŮʥŮ
ĺܵͣԲͶ·Ļ˭Ըȥ檵ġ
׻˵úãԽʲôԽʲô
λǴ˾ðɣǻòŮǵǺֻ˼ֽ棬Щ
ǻòʸܱȣһһЦô֡
ǰ;ԼǸʩЧСӡ
յˣк֮ǰҪԱš
ҽťѩŮ򦣬Щ߰˼
ť⵹ǸϣҲи߰ʱ
ҽա
ťѩǰˣžΣУ˿žòˣٱϡ
֪㷼䣿ťѩס䱸ЦӯӯĿա
üŮӵ䲻ʡرѾʮŮӣ͸ˡ
ťѩƺЩʧ䣬Ǻðɣϲˣ˵ţһ䣬ôƯˣҲȱϲġ
ťѩĲ̫׾
аҷտɲԼƽ׶һԵУ԰ѻˣŮ˫ȫˡ
ťѩյĿ⣬·ԼǵС˼Σε򴽰ֻ꣬ǡ
ѵüˬĳˣ֮ǰ˵һ䣬Ů˲ԸŮˣǻȥԸˡ
ťѩ뿪ıӰȻȻһӡ
˵ĿŮʲôãȥԸˡ
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Ŀⰵ˰
ȻƲ磬ҲǣťϾע˲ʲôˡ
յϣťѩҪĿϣһĸ׵ˣĺÿҲĴ
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ҲãҲãºİȥԼˣֻԺټһ졣
ģū澻ȥźССһ죬ֵģ
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ӣȻðһƵĸо
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΢΢һȻʧЦԣԵټ
´õĺɽôˣȻһĽ֮಻úɵ




350 
 

ĨĨϵᣬūҲҪˣʣչ˺Сӣʱó󽫾򸾴ء
øϻȥλʥּ̫ӵ¡
ˣۣߣ
ҡҡͷˣʹ˸ǡ
ѾˣҲȥʹˡ
סҪ׷ȥׯ裬Ĳ⣬ԵҪ׷ˡ
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ҡҡͷ
źЩˣľûʲôƲ
ǶͶˣ뿪Ҳ᲻ׯˡ
ǿ󲻵ã򲻹ǵġűĻô飬ׯǱסˣվԭء
ׯȥǸЩ꣬ĺѧʮɣɱŭ𣿡
ׯ޻˵Ϊ˵Щûмġ
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351 ߲ɱ
 

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ϯһװ߽ԼλϣҲǴһЩȡ
ո
ٴ˾ŸĿ𱸡
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˾ɫ΢һЩ
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˲Ķˣ͵
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㵭ڵۿ˵͵Ķѹ벻ĸ۾
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СƢãأǧڼŭˣȻһԲСɾûˡ
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ҽһʮ˿ڡ
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˵ˣսϲ棬˭ĵط˭ġϯ˵꿴㣬漰û˿С㣬ԡ




352 
 

߲ҪáϯĻǰԼ˭ؾ˭ģЩˡ
ĿϣڵȻͶôɱ˼졣
ϯģҲлϯء
û˭Ϊ׾ǻΪ׶䱾۸˺㡣
ôĲпᡣ
ҽҽһ˾ԼϵĳìʱŻŵĿ˵
ҽɱңҵض㣬ģɱҰ

˷侲һˡ
㲻ݵüͷ
ҲûôãøĻѾˣȻţǾȥ
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Щ鲻Ǹǳ𣿣
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ԼǳΪʲôҪһ˾͸л
ԼҰĵͷǣǣƾʲôôأʲô
ذɣİ޴ܲסһս

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˵öôȻ
Ϊ޴İأֱǿЦ
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кҪ黹ûء
ˣһǰװʲôװǻȥǶٳֳǻʺ𣿡
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лף
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ǿӲĥһǵҩģСأɾ͵ˣ
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353 췭ظ
 

ڵĴ˾ͷأǱϯ֮뿪ˡ
ڵĵ֮Ҫ׷Ѱټ
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ʽ˵ǻ䣬ʽλλѡģϣ
λ֮ĵһֻ㾡̤ƽһҹ֮Ѫɺӣһ
鴫صϯ𾪳Ұȴ˸˵ʲô
ٹ˽·׷˵Խˣֻ²Ҳһλɡ
Ҳ˲һСλ˷׷Ÿɱۡ
巻Ȼ˵ԣԼͳǱΪ飬ԼĻƽ¡
Сһļ˶ʼԼĵ·ΪǸһֱŬ
޶ʧٵĳǻʺǰ󹬵ļɻ䡣
¥ʱһº֮ʲôû˵뿪ˣ˭Ҳ֪ȥĶˡ
ȥɡ
Ӿڷæжȹһξꡣ
ιҪȥĶԼϵĺˮһõ·ۡ
ǰĳţЩ㱡
˭ô˵Įн޳ģ
ųˣһɱ˸
ͬ۵Ļߵˣͬһõ·ͷѣϻ˵ĸ峤õΣܽ˱ᡣ
Ϊ̫ˣ
ȥ¡Ůֻ̧ĿĿȱڵĳȥһѽȻĺΪң
˵ǱܿɤԺ
ܰ˵ֱ׳Ҳǡ
Һ˵ǲԵģȥ׬ǮɣʵڲҲԡĳĿڡ
ͷŮ˵һûĿڵ׬ӣбûУԻ׬һ仰ΨٿԱ
һۣȥģⶼʲôҲǼûбˣ
Ȼʲô˻ôĻŮˣ
ȥˣŮֹסĲӣĬԵŮŵķȥ




354 գ
 

ЩĿڣǣٲȥȥ̵ĵط𣿡
ŮһЦ̶ӸͣǵȻҪȥ̶ˡ
ʾԼ޻˵
Ȼܵʲôز˵Ļǿڹġ
߳һξ룬վɽϿ滺ʻ̶ӣ׼ֵʱѾһˡ
Ľٷˡ
濪ʼɱûһ̶ӽ԰֮ơ
ŮֺһЦ﷢קһ߳ĬԵŮ³塣
һվ棬ֱӷȥˣĿ˲øӲѣ⽻ӡ
˴ὣɱûһһȺٷ˵ֱߺߣҡ
̶ӵ˿ⷴתɲĿ⿴ͷġŮˣΡΡĿڣлλŮȣ֪λŮҪЩʲô
Ůһɱͷӣתͷ̶ˣָָԼֱ׳ĿڣûѾûǮ·𣿡
̶һϡֻܿһ˫Ư˵ģĺٯ
ȥ׼ոµȹһǧӡ̶һߵСˣڵ
Ů˰ڰ֣ˣ·׼ף˳ûг
̶ϺϵģӲˣ׼ʡ·Ǯ
Ҳǡ
̶˰ȥ׼
ôҲͷһμôֵŮˣͶһֲ򵥵ĸоƫô࡭ͷ档
֪λӺζǺΣͬһǣλﳩҲлλľ֮
ңŮԴʾ֭ʱԼһ֣ҽգݣǴӹĮ𣿡
ͼǵԲǺ˭һȻԺȻֳһ
˭֪һ
ȡΪݵŮӿһۣĬ֣Щ̵ġ
̲סЦˣʲôЦĮǸطԹн޳ҲܻŴ
˵ͷš
Ҳ˵Ϊʲôˣ;ǲ˵ѣ˻ߴأ
֮治С
ݣݽżطȥվ
ǾͲͬһ·ˣ˸õĶˡհ֣Ц¶һڴ
ûһСŰһϻӹˡ
ûƱС˽ݹȥݼǰֽӹ
ְݹȥսӹĳӻ־ˡ
źȻֺȻ뿪ˣ̶ҡҡͷٺ̶֮׼
ڵϵĳȻɣ̶˻ͷȥֻһϮīɫ۵ǱƾɵĳĿм
ǣ̶˲ڡ
ǷŮ˲һ䣬ģȵĵطҲǸоһ顣
̶˵ͷ֪Էɲ⣬һһʮ˵Ůɱ˽ٷ֮ͽˡ
źȻת뿪ˣ̶ֻ˵Ĺࡣ
˽ų̻죬˳֮һһջͶޣȻϴ衣
ϴɾ·NɪתתȦȦӾ˵أ
·Ϊ٣һǺɫɴ֯ȹӣȻǳ䳤ȹɱȹʶĿ
︡һĨޣ˴Ĵָܺÿ
㵵ĿˣָڽݵŮӣȵʲô
ݰȡԻò֮⣬ǲǺֱܺ׳
ȡ˰ɣòĲԼ
Լȡʲô
աŮʼ򣬡ôɵģǲڹĮɵ˰ɣ
һûĿȥɵˣΪʲôҪȡգ
ʼ磬ԺðȡˣҪǲȥԷǾȥˡ
Ź뿪ˣĿȻȥ
ĮûãԼҲˣɱ֮պ˻˯ȥҲ֧ˡ
ʱ֪ǱĮ֮еĻ˸˻ȥ
Įȷʵн޳ǹĮȴ޺ܷ٣˶ȥġ
ǵһ졣
պ۾ȴʲôǵˡԣʲô֪ʲôˣհ׵ǰֽһ
˼ڲͬ˼Ҳ֪ͬǸŮѧЩʲô
ǰʱԼҪĮˣõϢҲ͸ųˡ
û뵽֮껹ܻŴǸط
ֻǣ⡮աɺϻʲô
˺ָɫȥ
Σ֮Ҫһġ
òŮˣĶǶĿģֻܻЩĻˣȻܴӹĮģҲʲô򵥵
һµģǿ徲ĳԶٷˡ
Թ¥Ϣմݳȥ档
羫ʣһȻˡ




355 ñط
 

ų߽һֵľƹݣ̨֣輧Źĵƫƫ裬ŮеľһƺǶǮ
߽ȥҪһ̨λã£СĿתĿϸ輧
һɫĨأһɫȹ׺ŽΣֱ۲һ̽ݾģ֫趯ײö
ñ־ˣ赸Ҳն᲻ƿĿ⣬ɺŮȻð
ûһؼ𣿡ݵڡ
һͷǣһضʧļ𣿡
ǰѹʱԴһƬհףãȻֿ־壬ֻһͬʧȴˡ
飬ںǰԼʲôˡ
Щļ䣬ԼԸģΪʲôҪЩĵأ
ݣ͹ˡ
ЩãȻͷ૿ڣɷˡ
ܴڹ;㹻ǰ˾˰ɣ˵Ҫ
Ҫǻڵ¡ļ򣬿Ŵ̨輧ǺܴĿ⡣
Ҫһ𣿡輧Цӯӯߵǰ޹ǵ衣
ƹ輧̨һͬǳ£ʱŮˣʱˡ
ó赸
ΣִϣðЩ⣬ЦӯӯĿڵð
輧ǣһݸΪµŲ̧̊һģȻĵһ䡣
̧ͷš
輧Źĵ裬һ񣬿ν˿
չһЦŹĵ㿪ʼ衣
˵жõҲǣҲܿϾ˴ϵС衣
һʾ׵赸ƹݵߣͲסˣվŹĵ衣
棬еȺħĸо
еȥˣֻǹﻹ棬ҲǣҲǡ
һ˴ſ߽һ۾Ϳ̨һȹŮˣ۽üҵѣǴδһ㡣
ǿռйǷջǱʧøѹȥˡ
һգպ輧Ц
Ȼľˡ
տΧ̨¶ˮԵˣĻչһЦĻȴǴ̣һô󣬺˼Χҵ۾
輧ֱЦ߹вǮƵģôˣ
óԭտűԼɢˣôţȨƽǮֶ˲ϡ
ûǮ׬ֻҪάŻͺˣȨƣܸ̻ܸ£
輧Ѳѵˣ߹ȥһ̨Ѿ³һŮˡ
˵㼸ˣŮ˶ƱһڣյݣҿǶʮˡ
ôϣհ֣߰ɣƻô˵
輧ЦЦֽ̧Ƕ˾
ʱ֪ԭǰ輧Ȼƹݵϰ壬ѹȺ˲
¿ɲ˰ɣƹϰЦЦŶͷգĺƯ
ллҲ֪ҺƯնƱ
һӰȻͶ輧ߵĴȤʻȥЩ䱸Ŀվǰˡ
̧ͷȥ︡ľޣȻǷǳƦĴһڡ
˼Ʒָֽֿ˵ݣ֡
˸һֺϤĸо
ֻǰϵǳ
˵ɫһڣȴҲ˲Ծ
ιľͷվʲôֳ̧գбüҪҪȱƣ
ǡһڣͳɤֵľƹݸ롣
ƹϰһ۾֪ǰ˵ݾԲ򵥡
Ц˼Ϸʿڣǣƹʲô
㡣
üҲʶ㣬ʲô
˵ɫ˱䣬ָ糣
ˣ
ܾ̫ԹԼӾͲʵˡ
ǰ¸Ų֪̯ʾΣҪǰʲôԲǿǲ˼ˣҲʹ˽ҹǷ
ԭĺݴǴģǰָֻ֪֮оǽְֺޡ
Ǿʶһ¡ڣҽ¥ʱ
˾˰ɣԺ㹻ٰϡ
һߵľƹϰɫ䣬ɲĿ⿴һīɫ۵ˡ
ҽա˵꣬ոյţåĿ˵ϵζţ̴𣿡
¥ʱףӿǼζǴ̴㣬Ϯķ˺ܶζŨңҲ㹻ǡ
¶˶ӣЩδȥ˫ֳĿ⿴ʱһЦݣÿ
ÿһˡ
¥ʱĬ֪˵ʲô




356 ѹ
 

޶𣿡Ŀ⿴Ʊݸơ
¥ʱͷС
һ˲ɼĿͣ˪ģ̫
մﾹЩ
ĪǷ岻
ƹϰƺʲôճһȥͦϲģܿӡ
ղĿžƹϰ塣
治֪˭𣿡ƹϰѹڡ
ҡҡͷžƹϰЩӣ˵Խ档
֪һñȽϺÿ𣿡
ƹϰһۣǿǺպıãȻӣ̲ס㵽ǴǸİ
ϯı¥ʱ֪²˰ɣ
ʲôӣлֱ˵˳ƿһѾƹϰ裬ߴ١
ϯ巵¥ʱǷλˡƹϰٶλЩ£ŸӲĿλƯݽȥ
Ȼأ
֮һĵطڴϯȻλĲĵճӾǺݽɫ
˳Զˡλһλʺգλʺǲ˵λΪú󹬣κʺգλʺȻʧ֪λҲͲ֪ˡ
΢΢һͷҫ¶ԳֵˣЦһʲôأҺһ·Ӷ𣿡
ˣԺ֣޶¥ʱˣϽɣ֮ǶıֻԵСɲһ·ˡ
ƹϰڣҲʲôͷǧҪ֪ǻʺ󿴵عλǻʺʧ֮ʹλʧˣסһˡ
ָָ̧Լ࣬ЦӯӯĿڣʲôϵأֻԺ޾
޵ֻ뾡龡˵ĳԺֶ֣̫ˡ
ƹϰĿĿ¶ȡ
ллôңҲϣԺͲҪΪļתȥˡ
޵ǻ˼ֻһŮˣǸŮǰҲǶ⣬ǸŮѧ˲٣ҽƶǺ츳ġ
õǿдӹĮѾʼ췴ˡ
һ֪һӱǶ磬һԼҪӡ
ƹϰ忴յӰǺѿҲеĹ¼ţЩ
ݣȥɡһЦݣͷ¥ʱʹ˱Ե
¥ʱĿմݴ뿪Ѿ߬ȭͷ
ƴԼţǿĮӣ̲סۡ
鶼ֲңֻЦ˵ܣйȫϡ
ԼѹƢǾñطܱһԼޡ
һǻİĿ±÷顣
Ρ
ƹϰ߹ԼĶʱǵ˺ۣĿãȻ
ﲻɴ󺧡
ƹɸƽһСȷʵѹ֡
ջصջ֮ͷ˯
ҹ룬ȻһӰ
Сǰ˯úܳˣ̽Ҫһǽڳٳߵˡ
˯ε˺Ȼץסڰеѹ棬߽һ䣬֡
Ĳ˲䣬˯ȥ
¥ʱӰȻס˯ݣۿʪȡ
ϲޣЩ걻˳軵˰ɣ⼸ĸƲס
ȥʲôоأ
һ˲ӲƤ֮µĸڳˣ
ǳجվǱʵһ֪δֻͳŲȥˡ
⼸꣬ĮǸطûнȥֻǸطаŵúܣÿһζȻʮ£֪ԼĽȥҲˡ
ܶظĳɴδὫøɸɾ
ͽһЩû䣬˵Ѫ졣
նԲҴˣûл㣬˾˰ɣܲϲҰңϲҺòã
¥ʱűӽڻૣ۽оӨ
ա
ܾԼ˯ú۰ǹѹһѹһϣҺһĵૣ﷢
һţץץͷǵƺڵǸڿ

շԴûһֽʹһһƽ顣
ˡ⣬ţ˸дһš
ɡ˳Լͷڡ
ŽѾ𿪹żݹȥԼ̸һ⡣
ʲô⣿ţùż𿪣֮ĿڣȡǻʺϵķڣͣпӰɣ
ɲ뱲ջڴϯ׷ɱ֮У̸
Ҫ̸ЩΪѵĿڵ
ƿӣͼɡ˵Žżһߣϴ
ŴӹĮͱˣɼ̸ݲ򵥣ڱ˵ĵϣҪȥ




357 
 

ϴ֮Թ緹վˡ
ʱֻǶ緹߷һùꡣ
ҹأ֮һ䡣
˲ʧǰʧôĹտǺ
Сһ꣬ڵҹ̸⣬Թ緹Ѿȥˡ
̸⣿һ䣬ĿⰵһЩɱѾðһЩ
ǲųŵ˭ҹ̸⣿
̽һ£Ƭϣϯ޴ڣֻҪǰˣַӾϳ
ݿһձڣϹȥ˾ƹݺȾƣһˣɱٷ˵ʱ˿ˡ
ͷʾԼ֪ˣһ䣬֪ʲô𣿡
ȡǻʺķڡݵͷһ̣δ𾪺ɱ⡣
ҧһڸӲձסɱ⡣
ˣ
һϯ˷֣ʱֻѡ
հżϵĵַȥȥǸƹݡ
ɺ֣ƹϰ崩һɫȹڸ֮ߣûһͷա
ƹϰЦӯӯĿ˵ôһȽϣһԼʺɫء
ԼѾˣȻףֱǽĽʺޡ
žƹϰһۣķ飬Ҳܺÿ㿴ߣֱǽ˼ʡ
ƹϰ彿һۣƽȥȥȥȥ¥ϵŸҪ档
յͷ֮ǰ̧ƹϰ򦣬ЦеĿڣ־ˣȻڹһ𣿡
ԡƹϰһۣ˼߿ߣƻңҿϲˡ
ŮǸ¶Լǲ֪ɣ
Цӯӯȥżſ̧ߣȥŽȥ
ھĵģõһֽһĻӸԼˡ
ȥȹŶȺһ˹Ŀڣû̸ҿɲ°뱲ӻ׷ɱ֮С
ϸ۲һֻ֪֮װŪǸˡ
ֳ̧Ŷͷѹ˵˰ɡ
ɫһЩ仯
ͨҪôҽ֮ϣǸ֡
¸òҪ˵зӿɣ˵֮ЦˣֻƭƭЩСﻹԣҾˡ
˴óһƿȥֽ̧סǿӵһţϸ֮Ŀ¶ȡ
ѹ͵𣬡ܣɻͣһӾͿԵĺܺá
ҪΨһķӾǻġ
ǲʵʵ뷨˵벻˵ûʲô

յĴƿĿ¶ˣȥҵӣ
û˭ܸϣܿڣֻǸֻﻹˣѹһϡ
ɳƵЦһѹ߿ڵ˵ó֤ݣ˿ɲס
մסķ˴ֱֻΪһڣ²ƴ֡
˸ˣڵǿǳǻʺʱģֵǣ޼ۣЩֵһᡣ
պǺһЦȻǸ̡
ƾʲôӦأ֪Լʱ˽˷أ
ֳ̧գҿɲ»׷ɱС
ȷʵܽĶȴȴ
ᣬұ֤ɳڣϯٳҲ쵽Ͼͱģһе
ҵȡǻʺķڣû˿ɲֻ˵С
Ǿ͸ȡ衣ĵĿڣ˵֮׼뿪
ܻȥ˭ء
̤֮˵һ䣬̧ʾԼˣ󲽳¥ȥ
ƹϰˣ֣衣
ѵ֣˵赸ҲȻʼ裬ǺѾ
԰жע𣿡̨զ쿪ڵ
ҩࡣ
¼ŵĺɫɴļ¶ˡ
ȹ¶֣ǵ䣬¶ƽ̹ûһ˿׸⡣
ĿҲǵ״ͷǱɱӴԺ󣬷˿׺ЩƵ
ֻ±ɹ˲Żһ鷽Լʵ
·ֻһĿϣ޶ϡ
ƹϰ循޵ĿգҪʲô
ǮӮǮҸ㷢Ǯ˦˦ĺɫЦ޵Ŀڡ
ƹϰ˵һ䣬ҸǮҲǮΣ
СķֻҪǮ׬ζá
ĵˣϸ֫һŤĵЦݣĿԺ󣬿ʼ衣
̨ϣҩζ




358 ź
 

ȻһԴϣͱʵˡ
Ӧһ˫ִ䣬Ȼˡ
ĵȻֹ
յɫһ䣬ڣȻִ̧Ӻһȥ
岻ûҪƢһ㶼û䡣Щŭ
ɫɲã̧ԴϵվڵϿŽڳٳߵˣüڣң
ǡյֻһЦ
¥ʱֱԼ˹ʵʵ
Ҹʲô¥ʱһ䡣
аɣҪҪ˶£
ĺúõı˴ˣ̫ɨˡ
ôϲ𣿡յͷŶҪڵϵûĿڣҪҲȥ޶ʲô
Ҳ˭ҹ㣿򣬶Ůɱĸ׵Ķ¡¥ʱһֱӽ˫۽˱ȥ
¥ʱĻҲûԼˡ
⻰ʲô˼һ䣬һ㤺Ͳţĸ׵ûŮʲô˼Ҷˣ
š
շַըˣͷл˵ôӣܣò绨һŮôܸӡ
ǰô˲ŻӰ
Щץˣ¥ʱú뽫˴ǼǰǸһ¾
ʮͷˣϸ㶼Ҫʮˡ¥ʱţŴɵ֪˵ʲôˣ︡ϵĽ
ôġҲԼĶˣҾǶʮͷĻŮûҲ
ڵˣ¥ʱЩºͣЩ䡣
ߵջƿŽԼӣ¥ʱ˷Լϣ˵е黹Ҫ˵ġ
Ҳ޹ءŤͷϷˣȴ˵öġ
¥ʱ̧յĿڵգ޸Ϊʮ꣬ŮǰҵĴû㣬Ҳûϵе㲻֪·㲻ܴȥ˿
տŰԵˣðһţͷĻҿ϶ῴģǰ϶ǿҡ
ϲ޾ӣԲһ˰Եˡ
¥ʱƶĻ졣
ţ¥ʱתȥһȹӣֵݸգĿⶢȹˡ
ſ³һ֡
¥ʱϵҲ԰㻻ֻʱܴܲӴ޴ӵ֪ˡ
ҽ⣡ղ׽Σգһŵİɫվ俴Ҷ˵ǰ¾ʹ˽ҹȥգһϵûУҴʲôʲô˭ܲš
ȻˣһζҲǲܵģϾϲľǵôߣҷҪ㣿
Ǿԡղ˵꣬ûзӦͱѨ
¥ʱ֮俪ڵҪˣѨһˡ
һס¥ʱһĶָ·ɫЩ죬ȴǺ޲öֿĹͷ
ȵָڼϣû֮еĶķУȡ֮һޱȹϤ
ֻûѨϵ̧Լ¡
ĬĬԼҲĬĬˡ
ű۾ĬĬˣϷ۵˿ڣ۹ɱ𣬡Щô£
ĮǸطǻ΢΢۾¥ʱۺɱ⣬һ
ͷһθоǰնǳǻʺա
¥ʱ𴽰ꡣ
ӵǸطһ˺۶ġ
·OO@@ûüһͳεȥҹ㣬ÿһζûнȥ档
ÿһΣ
ȥܶ𣿡ֻ֮ԼɵˣתֵûĳǻʺǲǾúʧأ
¥ʱգʱڣʱ˿̽ʲôˡ
ʲôˣԼգֻգͬһˣˡ
ʧ䡣¥ʱϵЩȵĿ⣬ڣųĪңҵİˣҲһ顣
տڵӣڵĺܾޣأ˫дᡣ
ƺǰպֳˣƺûȥֿ
ҪʧҲϲ㰮ġ֪Լ⻰λ̣йʱ˵Ϊ̡
ʵҲûж٣վǰԼĵΪԼᰮɽأ
Լ˵Ļҭס졣
ҿԸ𣿡¥ʱڣѾͷϣҪ㿪ͳһ䡣
ЩҪ̧ץͷκα˰ָˡ
¥ʱͳһ䣬ǣߵױ̨ǰӸᷢƢѧͷˣͷ




359 
 

ӦһĮˣȴӸᷢӣ·ʲôش顣
ţǲǰҲͷأ
ǵģϾɺ
ϵһȺü㣬Ŷͷ󣬶ȴúܺãǰû
֮󣬲֮ĵЩʾ治֮ĸ顣
ţ
մӾ￴ķ٣Цһû˵
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ȥǸطһ㶼֣ϾǰЩطĳ͡
ֻô̫ϻʣӦû˼̫ϻʵ뷨ȥȻȥֵط׶Ӹȥֻ¡
ߣȥĸ󡣡ûˣǹġ
︡ϾϲææͷϳĽŲ
浱Ȼһ˽ģ˷򸾺򸾡
һȺ˺ҵĽȥˡ
ﳽ
彫һȺ˴Ժ
¥ʱӿһȺˣĬĬΪ޹˯˰Ĭӡ
巶ԼʿӣĬĬ㵽漸
Ǻĸˡ
Ժ˳·տڣ¥ʱöûʲôԵģ
ǸӣƺǸûע⵽һȺˣǾòҪ
ĸ󣡣һһߺžͼȥ
ջûӦͱһ˸ײײ˼¥ʱַססǡ
壬ȥ׼ЩԵġ¥ʱգһ߹𿪿ڡ
ϥһ֮ˡ
ʹԼ̧֣ͷǣлǺú˵§§Ĳʡ
˵ţһı鿴¥ʱ˵ܹŮ
¥ʱҲͷһμӣһĪӡ
ĸ󣡶ĺ㣡գϢ֮Ϥζӯ
šüͷˣЩĶһ仰ǸҲǵ˭ɿ𣿡
Ȼ̧ͷգ޺
ƺϵˣ޴ֲ˵ĸΣȥ巵Դ
˱ˣĸֲǹġ
ίͰ͵㻳Ŀڣĸ󲻼ǵˣĸ󲻼ǵˣ
ĬĬ巴ԴԼӲ顣
úõһۣôˡ
˵ҲݳޱȰ
ԶһȺ˿գĿٶЩȵġ
űסСһ߽ͤĳԡ




365 
 

ճһ֮ƵĿڵʲôǰҶˣʲôľ˰ɣɢˣظңҸȥɡ
ͷһۡ
ȻϤӣ˾ʧˣӻǺǰһģһ˵ǻָӡ
աȥ̾һЩʪȣգǧ۳ĸ֣ͺá
ֻҪţܻġ
̧ͷǰˣָָָָԼǰˣ
һֱˡ漴һ䣬С塣
ԣ·ƭ˵İɣҸ磬ȥС塣
ըëˣ̧üġ
ȻǰķӦһģһֻҪһʱĸԸĿں
¥ʱӣ̧Դ˳ë󿪿ڵûƭ㣬ȷʵ㳤
յһ¥ʱ졣
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ҡͷƢһû䡣
Ǳˣղǻָǰˡ
Ŀ¥ʱϣٴЩͬ顣
ǰӿƶ֮ʲô˶޷졣
׷֮·
ͷһ񣬡ûôǻʺɲӡ
Щ֮УҲ֪ڵԼǰԼж
ʼӡЦЦڣͺãһʱ䣬𣿡
տˣʶĵͷţá
㿴һԼ뷨ӽ£һ仰͸㶨ˣЩ˼ˡ
һǰļ䣬ǲʶһЩˡ
Ųĸ첲ίίĿڣĸҪòãɹˣҪ鶼ˣͯҲгϢĸҪʱģȢҲ
ͯȢ򣿣
⵹ʲôС̫θˣ
һ԰鶼ˣ
տſڷźԵ巣Ƭ̣οĿڣúӣСС;Ȼͯ򣬲ϲ
ͲʣҪȥһ
ǵ±Ӱɡ
±Ҳ롣¥ʱյ뷨ɫһ
ޱȣֻвٵԹԡ
ȻʧЦ
ǹţֻջŸơ
ͯʲô̲׷
ƲƲ졣
±ӵ˭˵˶㣬ǲˣһ˲
巸˵Ŀգ۽üļġ
ĸ˵ϲ
ĸ󲻼ǵˣϲ˵ʲôĸСް
վŵ𣿡տһ۳ͷʲô˵ȻǲĿƵĿңҺܲ
ָоԼǷǮծš
治һõĸо
̫ʦ̧֡һҾһĿڣ㲻ǵˣǰڹаŮ޶ֱ鰡
΢΢һ飬ûз
о磬š
Ů𣿡պɵһ䣬˵ȲŮӣôŮ
ԳȥЦе뵱һװֲ̻֮˼񣬻¥Ļ㵱ͣΪͲɱˡ

¥ʱգĿΣպ
ӹϿڷϣûУ˵˵ҿˣ
¥ʱЦһˣزŴӻ¥һ·ϣȥٴΣ
̧ƿڣһºÿôˣûֶš
˵ҲǶ˰Լı˶Ӵӻ¥һӢûˡ
㻹붯ֶţ¥ʱһ䣬ֶԺ㿴ܿˡ
նʱըˣ¥ʱһצӡ
ңǰ˸ӴţҰξΣچ¾͹
¥ʱסһצӣȻǲԼġ
ͤһӽӲ˲١
һĲҲ̶á
ԸֻһСһְɡ
Ϊ¥ʱ߳ʱ˸ӴţŴӴͷˣС
һѪסóܵ׼ˣɽأ
Ȼôһ䣿
ǣƢôõ
ͷɿһ
֮еģĸǸʧõı͹⻢˵䣬ǰ᲻ڸ᲻ˡ
ն¥ʱĿ⣬ڵƿ巵ԴҹԹɵĹ
֪ݺųʳŴͤĹա
ձͶˣóԵĶˣʲôˣ֮Ϳʼԡ
¥ʱһֱߣ󽫺Ƶֱߣϸ±ʲôĺá
ȻֻųԣǶˣֻ֮




366 
 

Ա㣬̧ͷһûߵˣͷԴôûߣ
һȺ˸оŨŨ֮⡣
ǿͣǳԹ˵¥ʱڣϵȥ
һװȹӹսűߣĿ£ڵūδ𷣡
ҲǱһٲ֣קһ¥ʱӣ⡭
ˣ¥ʱյ֣סŹڵϵݣԣӦǡ
ǸͷĿڣǣū澶ˣūܻϺ𷣡
ͬǳҹ̸ϻƬ̾ˡ
ȻƬ̣ɡ
վվɫѲһˡ
ոоĲڣͷǽߵĵطȻһ˵Ŀ£Գˣҳȥߡ
߳Ҫǣֹ̧ˣԼһ뿪
һȺ
¥ʱڵϣЩнǣ⼸ڹĮιã
ǳĬƬ̣ȻЩ˵
ܿࣿ㿪ڣһ
ҡҡͷ㼸ˣػϵĻǿ࣬
ǼʱĲ˼顣
ܻŻ漣
գȣ̫ģѯһ䣬˵꣬ͷһ뿪ķ
¥ʱף޷Ȼȥ
Щʲô֪ġ
ﴦյĺۼǻָ֮ת˵ѿ
ΪԼĽöū澣ֻǣݣֻ𾴣ùİ
Ѿڵִط뿪
յķӦ̫ˣĲ£̧һҾǰȥˡ
歿Լɷ뿪ֻϣܺúȰһ̫
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գˣ
ջͷֻΪվڲԶº͡
ʶշһ䣬ЦЦʶġ
˵˼úܣˣƶԼһ
ףʶԨԴǳ
հڰ֣ҲǵãɣҪյĻϧֻգټ
˵꣬հԼ·߿
뿴ӣЩȻûˣƢǻˡ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻƸ˺档
̤ͤţŲĻɢͷ羰ˣüʲô
ͤô󣬲һЪŰɣ뵭ڣ˵Ҳ˵һߡ
Ʋ죬˵
ͤﾲĵģ̫ɶľˬ
㲻𣿡
մԼ˼ع񣬿ºӣڣ룬ΪʲôҪҵղ𣿻ǶպܺãҪĨɱһգ
뿴ſЩǺ˵գĿºƽĿİе޷
Ƣһˣִ֣ţǣ׼ζ
ΪԼնգϣֻ黳ľԼգʶЩ˶
˵ɼ򵥣ȴĨɱԼĴڣԼһˡ
ʵⱾϾһ˶ѣκҪװ׵ֳˡ
ԼãǿҲض롣뿴ЩȻգڵͺܺãֻҪҽ롣
Ȼôųǰ飬ݰɣʦͽҲãҲãǰĹϵ֪
ðˬĴӦˣһ䣬еԼԼģ
Ҫǲ¿ɾûˡЦЦźͰ
ԲЦˡ
Űϲ
лʱ䣬յƢҲָˣĿ⣬ҪΪ֪
ʱǰ顣
ôôģ˭𣿡
˵Щˡ
ݣҲǣˣҾǻһˣҸоİЩҺܲϲԾͳˡ
֮ԲϲžǶԼһ㣬νǲȵѨˡ
һ·ϲٻݲݶĶ֣Զգ۵ĹӰͳ
Ҳڣ˵߽֮ͤĵòһ˰ɣ
Ǵкˡ
أü
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ƾ޾ݣղŲأЩݲݿžͲˣҪǳˣʱ㣬ɲǿ
ҿˣ֤Ȼðһ䡣
һǵ۹ȥҪ𣿡
ҡ
ˣȻʧЦ




367 
 

ЦʲôЦûûݲݳ𣿡ûĿڡ
ܲһľȥɱ˰ɣԾ˳ֻһ»ݲݳ
һúúãҲЦˡ
ĺλСдһ
ҿȥ棬湻˻ϣʱһԺӺÿӣΣ
Ŀڡ
˽գ־棬ֻ첻Ҫ뿪
ֻ̫ϻʸߣôһ·ٰҲûܣʱ˴һȺϣܻζġ
һڵһԺӺÿӣܲڼӼÿūţǿҲ·
һ̫ϻͬ𣿡
ֻµʱ̫ϻʻὣ԰˸ˡ
Ʋ죬ʲôϵҺֲǷޣ
һۣе¥ʱˡ
ǽ⻰ֻڵѪ
ʱˣ˾ˡ
ֻͤʣһˣ˲Եſϡ
ȻһֻԴࡣ
ղûͷ֪¥ʱ롣
Ϊ¥ʱû˻ôԴ
ذɣȥ·
ſڸ첲Ͽˣʲô·
¥ʱֽ˸ȥδԡ
޵
տŷڴϵĺ£һĿ¶ɣôô£
˵ͦÿġ
Ǽ¡¥ʱԼһףգȥϡ
ռæɽ˼Ҫ
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һЩİ͵ĿڵǸǿǿŤĹϲĸԸ֪𣿡
һ̣Ҳ޷Ϊ¥ʱǽԼա
ų¥ʱ㲻ɷϣ˲ų⣬ĻеĿ졣
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ĻǾմǳԡ¥ʱڣѵˣԼ֣ҴҲǿԵġ
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Ծ֪ˡ
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ס
ôüǶһ䡣
ջһԼʲôͱһͷסߣ漴ǣߡ
Լ֪ΧۣΪ֪ϸµ
أ޶԰ݣȻ붴
붴֮˾ûгˡ
˸óԳԸúȺȣԱ֮뿪ˡ
ةฮ
˻صңͷϵķΣڵ˵Ϊʲô̫ϻʻҪ̫°һء
ڼϣʧˣֻղա
歶ʱˣ֪ˡ
ķη֮ɸпһ䣬̫ϻʵһǻǸ̫˸ֲ㡣
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ĽпӣЦһ䡣
ҡҡͷĽʮһգҺαĽˣ
ǽжĽģúܺãˣûҪĽ̫ġ
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ЩƽҲҸ¥ʱգĺҸˡ

ҹ
ﳽھĵģ˻϶硣
մӴų˯¥ʱĬƬ´׼뿪ȥҷڡ
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һ
˸OO@@Ųƽһ˫֣ϵԴ
Ҫȥҷô
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ΪǻԼеġ
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ϱǺɣ˵֮󣬡Ǻ꣬ǣϱǰɣ
ֺݣִһ껹̫һ㣬Ǹá
ϱӴžǱѵĺꡣ¥ʱ˱˯ʲô˵




368 ĸ
 

ջ˵һ仰ͱ͵ϡ
׼˵ʲôͱӲڻ˯
˵ţ̧סյ۾Ե㣬ʲô˵ϲ˯ˡ
ĬĬ۾
һҹΡ
ա
ˡ
˯¥ʱڴϼ̵ļ仰̲סҡͷ
ȻǱַﱻ˶֪
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Żù鹦һ·ϵϸѾǽ޿κεİԵ
ǣǲ׼׼Ǹʲô鶼ϸ΢ǣһ·ȫҪʲôġ
ң㵱ĵ飬ҲûûȴĳЩطֻˡ
ͦڵģĺãǽյֺãǶա
𴲣·ռ򵥵ͷˡ
Ƕˮ߹ա

հ֣Ťýһɡ
£ú硣ǻһƺҪȥϴȥϴ
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ϴ֮ڲš
ſðһԴ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ棬ƺԥҪҪȥ
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ղͷ巵һ۶ˣվһȹЦĿڣĸҿԽ𣿡
ſж㲻𣿡
һ己죬ż߽ʰָָ֮꣬ĸλǲԼѡģ
֮Щ
ʶͬѲߣˣȻܻǴ򲻹ǽǳ
տüĿ꣬ʱͷӦˣͯ˰ɣ
յڿһ䣬Թ緹ûеĻһԡ
ҲһźӼ˫ꡣ
ĸ󡣡һ룬ҧſӿڣ̽Ŀڵĸ󰡣ĮǸʲôطܺͶ˵һ˵𣿡
˼տź治ѵĹڵԷҪʡ
˼
˼ǳʲôӵأ
ǹùñտڲᣬĸҲһ䣬ĺΣ
巹ԹԵġŶһͷ࣬ȻȻһӡ
㵵̧ͷȥ֣һᣬͷס۾Ǹһˣӱɰġ
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ɷ¿ӣһҶаſİ𣿡
˵꣬ŤͷſųĺӣɷŻɡ
ż߽˵ϣһӾˡ
ĸˣ֪᲻¶ġʵĿڣſǻָѹġ
ģ⼸궼ûпֹĻŬѧϰˣԺ󱣻ĸòãĸҪٶ¶ˡ
յͷſԼϺ޵ĺӣһʱ䲻ζ
ĸһŮ˵ԣǰĺϲ⼸ӵģѹ£Լγء
һƬհףʧ˺ԼõĹ޷ָо
ÿһӵһμǿ޵زУȴЩ֪޶ԣ˵Ǹϸĸס
סȥĬĬĨᣬ︴ܡ
ôһ˵ĸЩί࣬ǣѾˣܸĸգʲôֻԼš
գգ۾ĬĬͷ
ˣԺҲѻĿǰĶһʱҲҹڱ
ϵԴɰͰ͵Ŀڣˡ
ֲǺܻˣСӸ޴롣
糯һ͹ˣŸɰͰǺ˵ĸﲻɸЩΡ
ڿ޾ҪĸǿˣȷҪ𣿡ǰ̧һҾʰһߣڵ
϶ʱס̧ͷԼһ֣ĨĨᣬһĿգĸǧҪޣˣ
ȵϣտЦãݺһԴڵˣ緹
ĸΧӳһ٣ջġ
Թ緹֮ȥӼȥӼ࣬Ĵ
չһȦ÷ζص޵
ڴ߿Żû˯ѵ¥ʱֻ֣˵Ϣ̰嵽˷ָӲ˯Ӳ϶ʱˣδ
սһֻδɵ̧ۣһͷЩʪ
ˣ
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ʲôجβŻֱأ
¥ʱȻ۾ŤͷſڴϵˣֽѹڻƽŻֲ̿ѵ顣
ҪʲôҲˣֻҪҾͺãҪƿҡ




369 ǲ
 

һ׼ҪƿĶĬĬջ
ݣ¥ʱεʲôξŻһ޳
ĺ档
¥ʱƺѾˣ˽ڻûʲôֻε㶪ͷҲص뿪ˡ
ǷƵĿƺֻ˵ʲôҪ飬ȻǰǺԽԽ֡
ЩãȻ
ȻദʱݣҲ֪¥ʱǸˣ֣ͺҲϹ
մʳ˴ܾõĸ񣬡еʱҾ룬ҲǳǻʺգǲǾͲôϲˣ
ʵһƵ⣬գȻһֱϵ飬Ǹʵ
¥ʱɿһЩıŤԼһ˿˿ʣ񾿾ջգ𣿡
յͷ
ԼţǼ⣬ĺ֪
˵գҲֵġ
Ұ˶֣𣿡¥ʱ̧ԴҰȫȻڵǰͦ󣬵һǰҲһ
˻Ϊ֮԰Ϊÿܸɣˣȫ
ǰźδʱҼһ˵ͷ۵ģҲǰӵġ
üĺᡣ
Բңֱ׳ĽҵİԸģҪʲô¥ʱգģҹҹܵģֻҪ㲻ƿ㶼ԡ
յ¥ʱļϣڣܾ֮
δʲôȴ΢İûûζ֮
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һصʲô¥ʱһ䡣
൱ʵۣʱԸԼһɽûǸҪ̫ˣȻ֮ϣǸߴʤڻ
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Ǹûɣ
տ÷߹ˣ̧ʾΣǿްͦµģ̵Ĳ
¥ʱȥ˵Ҳû׵ΣôҲ̵ĺá
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ңһ̺𣿡ղòһһ¡
ӣǰҲõĶȥ̺ӣȥ㻵¾ǺõˣôԵĺһ̳ġ
˵¥ʱҲûδȥΪġ
ŵĻ磬Ҳ
ųĬ¥ʱԼĪܲµԼǰôơ
ʱȥӣǾҪ뿪ˡ¥ʱڡ
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¥ʱʱ˵һǡԼᡯ
ղʲôԵģڻеᣬϾú˯һ
λʲôԿ
Թ緹޵˻һ硣
¥ʱǰԼĸûе䱾




370 ҹ̸
 


ռûԾȥ˷ܹ
ںԺͲд裬仰˵ڽ̲һЩʱСɡ
̫㼱æϥһ
տһ̨ϵˣ𲻱شǣԼҸλ
巺Ͳһһǰһ
ĸôˣȥסյĸ첲ЦӯӯĿڡ
óӸ˲˲ǰϸҽϺЪϢ
𣿡巾ϲֵĿڣĿһӾˣҹĻǣĺÿ
Цݵͷ
ҪٻȥͲҪ´ˡ
巿ʼֱQǸûСʵڵͣǸûС
ſĲѵСðһЩЦ⣬Լ֪ᡣ
òôˡ
߰ɡվů֣Źȥ
巳ԹĸŮƲ²ȥɢˡ
ɫڣȵҲˬĸŮ˻ص޵ϴ֮۵ϣҡӡ
ſռϣζЩĿڣĸ󣬸ΪʲôҪóأ
һίʵû뵽Ǹʱ⼸ڡ
Ϊգգ𣿡տֱһãȻĿԼЦЦ㻹СģֻҪ֪ԺһҪһ㸸ˡ
ǹҲƲƲ죬գĸǸʵȫ磬ûĸôõĸҲһҵȫˡ
ȻЦ
û뵽Ӷܿôװ
뵽Ļղ˵ĺܶԡ
ŲСӶͦõġҡӲڵ
̾һǺãɶǺӸͲ֪ʲôǸ飬ǳᣬݾͺΣʺͻֲͬġ
Ǹ˼ҲԸΪһͬԼ˳ܣҲָǺܵİӶѡ
ίʵû뵽ôӵĳ
ԼĸãȻӣ巵ҲĸܰѲߵġ
̧巵ԴʵȻҼǲˣͦϲģЦܺÿ
己Сһ졣
Ҳϲĸ󡣡己յĸ첲䣬ɿɰնŮл롣
϶ЩЦݡ
ĸŮ˿ǳҹ̸ٽ˲˯¡
˵Ҳ巣ԼֻԵܹˡ
󽫾£أڣŹ㿪ѯʡ
ϥһ񣬹Ŀڻش𣺡ػϵĻº̫ﳹҹ̸ֻ»˯ء
ĬƬ̣ȻʧЦ
˰ˣ˯Űɣ󽫾Ƕء뿪
ĸ󣬺ԼŮҹ̸ֻɵó
ųܹž㣬ϵκЦ⣬üôĸŮû𣿡
ò˵¥ʱ˽һӡ
̧һҾʰĸųҹ̸˯ġ
ĸ˯ֻĸŮ
¥ʱҡͷͳһ䣬ʮˣǺͺƵġ
屾ͲãŮҹ̸ʲôҪҪ˯ʱ˵
һЦ
ĸɲǸĺ
߰ɡ
鷿ȥ
ŵһȺūֱ档
̫ϻʣ˵ĺܣȻЦˣ̫ϻʣԭ̫ϻҲг˱֮
⸸ԡ
ĸŮһ˯˯˰
½ϴãǿԳˡ
ﳽ
ǰλŴŹǷһû˯ѵˣ¥ʱ̧üġ
ʲôԵģˮһڡ
¥ʱԺ嵭ġ
նʱû˶θڣ²յŷԼ˹Ĳյ¥ʱġ
Ͳ㿪θķ𣿡ִϵԴճԵ嵭ûҪԳë
ڵĸ󣬸صطԸС׼˴ϺǴŹǣˮƬ
ӦһŶˮȵˣպܺÿǺ䣬󲻿ַĸо
¥ʱͷһˣƻĿ²յ
ͬĸ׼¥ʱδ䣬˳ԾԼѹӣڵֲǲˣ
˴Ƭ̣ûһԼ㿪ڵĲھǶסһʱ𣿡
òĸŻҪ뿪ǽʧ䲻ѡ
¥ʱĿϣƿĿ⵱Ӷ
ĸ֪ģǸĸҲֻеĹͶѡ¥ʱȻƲ̡
˵ȴʵ
û˭˭һӣŮˣĸҲͱˡ
ԼĸҲиĸ




371 ĸŮ
 

Ĭ˰ΣЦиչĸ󣬶ġ
˵ĸ˸ȫٳ裬Ľȴû˿ĸ󱳵ᣬһŮǰľҪ֪
һɵΪ˸ʸԸһʳǣ־ô࣬ǸĸĻˡ
ʣܲÿдһŻ۰Ͱ͵ĿˣǱƽòã
ĲŵĸоˣԲ˯ãĵġ
ϵͷøĸ󿴵ԼѾۿ
ֺͻʽôǿ
¥ʱ̧ϵԴףԡ
òױȥôƲסˣȻ˵¥ʱſڵһҪչ˺ĸҲҪչ˺Լ
վ¥ʱһϸĸˣ㿴⼸ӣ׽
ǺϸҲǺϸɷ򣬸Ǻϸĸס
ÿһݣĺܺá
¥ʱë׵ԴôţҲֻӦһš
Ͽ޹ˣ̧ͷ۾ίġ
Ц
˶ŷˡ
һ˰ĳԹӻȥ֮¥ʱȥԺɢˡ
Ϻ˵Щʲô¥ʱǣյ֣ѹŲӡ
տźԺĲľ̾һѾͷ˵ͦϲģ˵㲢ͬ⡣
¥ʱ︡ϵ䲻ȿڣʲôʱֵ尮֮顣
̧ͷһ¥ʱĵִͲݣһʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǺϲŮİɣ
ѾͷҲͼˣʱ˵أҪΣǸʵ⡣
Ѿʮˣһ˼ҵĹﶼܳˣΪǹԿϼʱ䡣
֪һһ¥ʱܿ͹۵ĿڵͲͻסţ˵Ų硣
պȻᵽ¥ʱλ׵ġ
ԼŮԺ޵ĺòãûԼŮ
ԺȢʲôӵˣ
¥ʱֱԵ֪û
صĻ뻹Ϊʱ磬Ҳȥص顣
ճĬһ׵
ŮĻ¾ҧ˲ͬ⣬ӵĻ¾û
ΪСˡ
⣬Һαع룬ʲôԼ¥ʱڣǶΣԼһЩԺ
룬Ǿ֮
ССܵϻʵۣɼ²ͣ鵱ǲҪġ
ҹ
˯ˣ𴲣·ߡ
ǽ£ӰͷȻڰĿ֮·ǽ뿪
ϣ̫ϻʣ
̫͹·ǽˣ
˻ʹպһЦȻ̻֮ضȥ
ԼˣϰЩˣȥ棡
˳ʱѾ¥ʱ
¥ʱֱӴ޵ˣüĿڣϵҹﳽ£
ʣĸš㣬֪κԼҸ˵ĸŮĻˡ
ҹ˯ǽѰ֡
֪ϢʱǸʲô顣
ĸ֮ҪܶȤ
֪¥ʱһǷ˶һӵĻˮ۶ӳͣȥ
Լȥ֪ܲ
ֻǲµҪȥʲôһģĸŮ֮һ¸飬αز֡
Żٱ飬ʮ飬Ժ󲻿Ӳ¥ʱһ㣬ڡ
΢΢һ飬֪˵תȥ
Ȼôܻô׷ŹţֻĸҲôӹȥɡ
ȻҲ˵ĸ˵ֻ¸ʾ᲻÷ˡ
ǲ
˿⡣
Ȼǲŷǽͷͱˡ
ˣ
պǽͷϿǽˣʱܡ
¥ʱ֣๡
巿˿գĬĬۣһ޿ȥ
¥ʱ巷ڵϣǽͷϵˣظ
ס֮󣬾ͱڻ
㣬ô磿ռȹڵ巣¥ʱһ䡣
¥ʱȥ
һ֬ˮζĺܻɡ
ĬĬ
ǿ̰嵽˷ָϢˡ
û뵽˾Ȼȥ
ֱ漣
ȵ·ڵʱ¥ʱں巵ȥٱ飬ػġ

巿ԼҸԶȥıӰʱ޿
Ǹǲ̫ˡվ¥ʱǸˣٱ飬צӶҪ˰ɣ
Ҳ볭
ĬĬ͡
ˣǲǲ
СѾͷҰ˭Ҵ򲻹㸸أѲƶ




372 뿪
 

˵ûб𾭣Ҳڴ˻һ졣
뿪¥ʱԶ
¹ڳˣĬĬƿĿ⿴ű𴦣ĬĬԼǧٱɫƻˡ
¥ʱӵ뻳š
ûá¥ʱŻ˯ˣ´ϣ¸
˵ֱ˯ȥ
¥ʱ̺ӸǺãһᣬʰҵӣͳȥˡ
ֻ¥ʱһϥһ񣬡̫ϻʰ֪
˯²ãƳ١
ϥһ¥ʱ߽֮ڣϺ˯ˣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôǺá
ǰļļ䣬Щ֪ȥ
ݣｫΪأ
һӵı֣ź
վһߴ
һƬžЩѹ֡
ûԼˣվһߵǣһ֮ջĿ⣬һ
Ҫź򣬳ȥɡЬӣҪæǣڡ
ϥһ񣬳ȥ
̧üģ뿪֮ǹӲڲȥЩ
ӣ;⹬Ŀ£һѹ˵ĵط
¥ʱʱӭϣڲסȻҲû˵ʲôͽȥˡ
ߵڿ¥ʱǰߣôˣ
ڡ̧ͷˣЩʹ죬ڵʲôʱ뿪ط
⣬ʱԡ¥ʱԴĲϲ극뿪ɡ
˵Ķ˵ˣöҲˣȻĲˣǾ߰ɡ
Թ˳ҹĻ뿪ˣûν˸У¼֣Ϣľˡ
˿⼸֣һʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ֱô졣
գ֪ϢʱӰˡ
뿪ѹֵĻʳǣպ¥ʱȫĿĵߣȥĶǶ
õǮõĳסΪ¥ʱźãҪԺ֣鶼ùܡ
һ£浽˴ϯı߾
¥ʱǴȥϾ棬ԴˣҲû˵ʲô
¥
¥ʱ¹ܲһͷҽ硣
Ųһոо̹
~εεȻڶһ飬ɬŮˣһˣʲô
ūҪ͹˵~Ů˰ſռϣ
ǲĽƿһЩлͺú˵Ҫֶŵġ
ϲˣǵͣϲ˶ֶţϲԼ̫
Ůɫ΢΢һ䡣
ջóٵŮȥλ£ŮˣʲôҪ˵ģ
Ůū֪巵ģֻǣԸ巵ǻʺ𣿡
նʱˣҪ¥ʱȻ֡
˵ǻʺû𣿡ЦһҾͲǳǻʺ𣿡
ǻʺʮŮˣôôᣬ򣬶˵ǻʺʧˣ˳ˡŮ˽Цſڣ︡Щӡ
ʲô˲Żôûӵ
ȣһֺˣǵĸԸİɣ
ǵĶΪᱻ߷
ôĸԸĻڱ˵Ӱ𣿡Ůڴ̼һ䡣
ԭҾֻǳǻʺ𣿡ϵʺ͵Ȼȫ˲Ѿŭ
ŮЦЦЩͬ鿪ڵɲʱĳǻʺ󳤵һģһء
սľƱҵϣŭĿڣԭҾǸŮ˵һǻι˹
űԼǣűߵգŮ︡Щ
ûӵŮˣͳǻʺǲˣû巵۶Ȼۡ
㿴巵һǻ飬ֻǰ㵱һѣĲ뱨ȥ𣿡ŮȥŹƻڶ𣬡ɱ֪㵱ǶصĴ󡭡
̧ԴҲҪҲҪ²ȥ֣Ҳֵģ
ŮЦЦǣյ֣պݺ˦ɫ΢΢
䣬ôҲţһ䣬վˣǮûø
Ů˿һ̾ܲգһ䣬Ŷ߳һ٣ҪѾǮϡ
ڽϣһĳš
ǺƭŮˣΪǲ鵽һ߷ǡ
˵ģϷۡ
ֻ񲻳ɣֻ»ʲôе
ջصջ¥ʱȻû
ŵĿʼӡ
ֻıѾõıɣֻ¥ʱǲҵġ




373 ɱ
 

ҹʱ֣¥ʱûл
վˣϨ˵ֱӵͷ˯
һ磬ʱ¥ʱûлƺ˼һ
²Ƕ˰ɣ
Լ߰ɣ
Щεţϴ·֮󣬾ȥ緹ˡ
Ҳλ̻֮صŮ˵жı£ճ緹ʱŤϸ˽
ȶ˵ο˲˵ĿеĴеıġ
״򲻶ļԶǳţλŮﲻЩ֮ɫ
õŮˣƾһȻ巵۸ˣԼҲò
ŮԾִϣһĵƳգǿõγˮ巵һûĲ֪Ķ𣿡
ɦͷŪ˵Ůˣնʱθھʧ̧ͷڣûȤ֪
һŨҵζƴ̱ǡ
Ҳôģϵİ˷ų
Ů˱ĵ̬ȴһ̣ӣƺȫں¥ʱһ
Ů˿֮ڣƹиӣӰҳԷ
Ůһ㶡
ƹȻϵóλͻæСȥŮ˸ȥ
˵Ů˱ȥˣûθˡ
ΧƵζɲɢ
ȱȱ׼ȥ֡
ֵĽӣ洦ɼɴ˿ɼطͦٵġ
˼׼ȥˣκΡ첻Ը
ŴȺӿһȺɱ֣ƤӶ̧һ£Ӱһָצٶֻ֮ʣ²Ӱ
ȿ֮նѾɱ֣Ĳм
ŵȺɢмĻڲԶţֻһεεŮڴɱķʱǴ۾
վ˵סмɱתͷܣôܷŹأֱ׷ȥնɱ
ʬһأδһѪȫƾһ˫ɱʮ
˦˦֣ȱȱĿڣȤ
ȥ˯
Ը¥ʱһŮصǻһŮˣ㱾£úõĹӲд
ΪʲôҪأ
һصʬ壬ӳſջȥֻû߳ԶЩҵĽŲƽ
˭ɱˣ
ɱ˲գ۵ı£±ΧȺûһҳָϣֻĬĬһ
ǸŮˣһȻŵòһ顣
΢΢üͷȥֻǸ겻ɢŮһֻɫ
ǽɼˣ
ǸЦ
ֻȺŻһ˻ˣֱӰγȥΧסˡ
Ϊ׵˳ȥֱӿ˵֮ͥɱˣϽ־ܸһȥ
һвɫȺˣɵĿڣвɣ
ܶʱž
вϹûһֵʲôˣŶԭǾҲУֻվŸɱˣ
˵֮ЦһƵĹ˹ָһǲɡ
Ǵϯĵؽ磬¥ʱΪɽƾʲôҪίԼأû¥ʱҲȫˡ
˱һεεŮôһƣʱŭˣ󵶳ȥ
ʱ뻮һĽŲԽԽǿʿˣһ˱ᡣ
ϡ
һ룬ȾѪ
ȺĶì̴壬һڵϣĿ
΢΢ü
һ׵ǰȭϥعڣȼٻ̫𷣣
һȻǻӦƺ
Ⱥֻ¥ʱģֻǲȥĶˣ
ɡյڣ¥ʱأ
λ̧һҾ̫ϻʺܿͻˣ»ִ֡
ռĬƬ̣ѿڣ̫ϻʻ˵
ϯŲҪأúûʲôþǸԼһȣֺá
λ㶣˵Ǿȫնɱ˰ɣЩǰ
˵̧꣬һӡ
ȻȺǸŮ˾ͱʿץˡ
Ȥֳ̧ŶͷŮ񶼲ŵĿ⣬šɣӪǣ
λһ۾ܿóŮ˾Բʲô˾ŮӣЩĿڣҲûдɱ˰ɡ
ǾӪȱŮˣɲǾͲʳ
տɫɷ׵Ůˣеء
ǾͰͷˣȻնɡ赭дĶһ仰Ȼ׼뿪
ŮƺŷӦĵĴƭңԭգ㲻ú
µüŮһƭ֮ˣƬ̣˵ǴţҩɾˡǸϽȥͶ̥ɣ±ӿɱôˡ
ŮˣǴûжֵˡ




374 
 

λҲиܣδ˴Ůˡ
׼뿪ǿһȺԻԼʿеͷͷ
ǡҲǼ鷳顣
ֻǵĻ֮»صջ
ƿţʧһ˳棬Ƕƺڿ¡
ˣ¥ʱһ䣬һߣտ¡
յͷֺţȻϿͦݵ塣
ݣ⡣
ǼƷ
¥ʱתͿ͵Ŀ⡣
𣿡¥ʱѯʱȥ
յͷűƽˣϽֹ̧ѯʣȥĶˣ
ҩĿ¶ɵգ¥ʱסȥԵҩмζҩϡҵȥҡ
ɴһЩɻ󣬡ȻҩΪʲôһȥأҸϺȣ
¥ʱȫˣڵһͳ̻֮ȥˣסͷ㻹ң
࣬ڨڨһЦ
ǣʲôҡǼ⣬ֺõĿ¥ʱ¥ʱã
˵꣬Ϊ˱Լϣصȥ˱ˡ
ѵͶͱ¥ʱôɿأ
ɿ˵ʱֱӽ˱ڻ棬ڣܷܡ
ܷͲˡûһۣҶΣķĵطҲİ
ʲôĵģѲɻ򲻹
ҿĺܿ˿ûµġ¥ʱƿҪ˯һ𣿡
ѵûԼˣЩüһ룬;ã˰Բġ
һ˯ɡ¥ʱŲӦӦֱӽԼ档
ϵľת˹Ȼˡ
ŵЬ֮պ¥ʱߣԼЩ飬ڵ˵Ⱥ˵ʲô
иСҵ¥ʱ§ڻ˯
˵¥ʱ٣ʶȤıͣĵĿͷϵᣡ
úİ
оʲô鶼¥ʱŵװףԼֻܳԳԺȺȣ
ֱۣܵЪȥ˼
¥ʱ˯֮Ѿǰˡ
˯еŮ¥ʱŵ
˯ѹʱѾͷˡ
һ̽Ѿɼ¥ʱѾкóһʱ䡣
ڴһƿӴЬӣųȥʱͿˡ
Щ谵¥ʱˡ
¥ʱƧĵطһһƱ֮Щ˵Ĺ¼š
һ
ƺܿһ۸߾ӽǵְǴŲΪĹ¼š
ߴʤ
ǲ֪ʧȥֿʱǶʱôġ
ƹ񿴵ߵ¥ݿڣĬĬ뿪ȥ˺Ժ
ղŽһȥֻס¥ʱĲӣſϣʲôأ
¥ʱžƱιմߣڵ㡣
һĹ¼ƺôɢˣȡ֮º͡
վôſϣЩ㽵Ŀڣ㴩۵ʱ򣬿϶ɡ
¥ʱһ¾ƺ;ƱԼţη塣
ûʲôֻ֮ϣη𾴡
һ۶ԣҲ
β֪˵ʲô
¥ʱֶ˾ƱղıòòδĿˣףܡ
ʱ便̫ˡ¥ʱЩпĿڡ
΢΢˻ԴЩܡ
ÿ۾¥ʱ۾
ܴĺɫ䣬ҲΣǵĿº㣬һ˲;ȫ硣
ģȫܲˡ
Ϊһʱ嶯Ϲ˵ʲô
δĳһ죬İ¥ʱǾֻʱ⡣
ΪĶˡ
ûеõӦ¥ʱûʲôʧĸо
¥ʱһյͷָһ붼ջ뿪
˵˵¡Ʊ;ƺһƣ¥ʱһ治ѵӡ
Ⱥ˹ᣬɾ˳ֽˣֻ¥ʱ˵һ˶١
ӡûһ¥ʱ
¥ʱڣ·ϣ㶺һԺ
տ¥ʱ̧գΣյĿ֮УЦдαأ
㲻룬Ǿ뿪¥ʱڡ
տ¥ʱĬƬ֮󣬡ǻǼɡ
ϢĳǸСѾͷ֪Լˣֻİɡ
ôɰƯСɲġ
¥ʱסһŵĵóѣ˵֪ˡ
ղŴӦͺˣ۰ͰͿ¥ʱ⼸ģɸô죿
ҪĵĲУַֻӾҪ뷨




375 巵
 

¥ʱտյӣҪô죿
֪տ¥ʱϣȱȱĿڡ
̻֮ûȥˣ˻翴¥ʱǴѵĴôһĶ
¥ʱεĿڣҪҪȥԣ
ţƺ£գ۾¥ʱһҪϸݡӡ
¥ʱƱ˵Ǳ߾ʮ֮һƬ֣߾ʮɽȥ֮͵Ͼ
ȻأüЩεĿڣȥһȦ֮󻹵û֮󻹵һΣⲻ鷳𣿡
¥ʱεĿգҪʲô
֪


Ⱥ巵Ǽʱ䣬սܱһ飬кóԵģкģѾһˡ
ѾĵĿʼֱдˡ
巴Ųϵʱ򣬵֪ԼҸĸڣͣĸϹȥ
巷Ŀջʱʹһĸ󣡣
¥ڱ¥ʱдֵŵһ£ëʻīۣε̧ͷ¥ʱϽȥҹŮˣһһէġ
Ҳҵġ

Ŀ£¥ʱȥ
ųȥ¥ʱվڻϿվڴ巣ڣһһէŵĸˡ
ԼҸʵ֮£ڨڨһЦǼЩ˼Ŀڣʲôⲻ¸ʺĸֲ𣿡
ˣٳһ㣬ֻͼˡ¥ʱڣŶűӾܵ巣δ˵ʲô
úһвŽվǰʱæ̧һҾڣ̫ϻʡ
¥ʱӦһ֮󣬴ԼҹŮ߽
ʶȤûȥȺ巣˳ƹ׼һЩԵġ
ʰӣ巴ˡ
ĸ󣡡
տĿС̾һأˡ
ƹֱ֮ȥסգ˲ڣĸ󣬶ˣ
ŻճֻĹҲ̧巵ԴڣԣҲ㡣
һ󿴵ԼҸıĬĬ
տ¥ʱӣԽתƿţСأû𣿡
巿һԼҸʵɫڵ档
Ǿȥɡ巣¥ʱһȥ
ŷԸƹ񣬾Ϳ¥ʱŮˡ
¥ʱһߣѾһв׵Ĳһ۱ƿĿ⡣
յĸ첲һϡ
ĸĸǲҪȥϾ氡巿յļ򣬽ѯʣްս߱ɱ׺ݡ
ףԡ
룬ԼҸʵĿ֮£ЦӯӯĿڣܸȥ𣿡
ܡ¥ʱڣֱӴ巵Ļ롣
ίͰ͵ĿգͼҪԼĸȻӦˡ
ʲôεĿڣ㻹Сȳɼҵ֮еʱȥ棬ͱˡ
˵չĿڵҪʲô
ǰᣬȻѾˣҪ᰸ʱ֣ſԳ׵׵Ľ᰸ˡҰ巿һ¥ʱЩĿѯʣʣи𣿡
¥ʱգɳĬһ巵Ŀ⣬˵ûˡ
巿ɥʣôдڹ
ˣʮһյײУ
¥ʱһ巣Լȥץ
һ飬ʱһмĿ¥ʱǣ֪ˣ
¥ʱƿĿ⣬︡ЩΡ
ѾͷǸСѾͷ
ƹϷˡ
һӷ˷ۿȥ϶ϲԵġ
տһ۲
յĿ⣬Щнĵͷ
⣬̫ǲ̫Լˣ
Թ֮¥ʱͲڿջԼˡ

¥ʱŲյȻûбֳʲôǸ˲ѹ
ĬĬվһߣЩֲ̿
˵ҲΪˣ¥ʱҲǸӡ
ҿ˼¥ʱŲ赭дһ۹ȥ̺ѹһɽ
ЩǱĵͷȥ¥ʱҲ֪˵
ȷʵϲµģֻҲ֪Լݺ͵Ĳ࣬ǣǡ
϶ңʲôʸ񣿡
¥ʱĮ棬дġ
ɫ΢΢ס
һ룬Ȼ̧һҾ̫ϻʣĽ£֪ݵ΢ǳĺȥһѣһ
¥ʱŲעһһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ԼһǸ߸ϣǺõҪŸô˵




376 ֱ
 

ڲԽԱʱĵĮ𣬡ɡ
ЩȵĿ¥ʱͷЩĿڣ̫ϻǴӦô
¥ʱŲЦһΣ
һ㶣Ȼ̧ͷ¥ʱ
̫ϻʾͲܸһʹ
ǻһ˵˲ã
¥ʱһ۲ĲյϣгһǸ¡
ǿյϣٿԼҲɲڡ
ܳĿ¥ʱһͷһøãȡԺϹ£
¥ʱЦһ
ȻһЩ
ȲȥʱʲôûУЩɵĿһۡ
¥ʱסΡ
ĸŮ²ɣ
ֻɿڵĻ˻᲻ѵԼ
ߣմ巶ǽǡ
ɫ巣ճĬƬ̣һԼ䣬ˣԼȥɡ
קסյӣߴĿڣĸȥ£
üĶˣҸȥʲô
קɲ֣˵ĸף͸ȥòãò
ձĥΣɿڣ뿪
ֻ¥ʱû˵ʲôֻ뿪ˡ
ãһ֮󣬾ĬĬȥˡ

巴һ֮󣬲١
巣һʱŪˣվͺĵһߣԴ˯
Ū֮Ҳ˯òࡣ
巾ͿŶԼĸ˯ӣʵĽˡ
ǰĸЩǺɵӣԼ֪֮ûкɡ
ֻĸ˯ԼæÿҪŲմأЩĽ
ĬĬվ巺棬ҪϵӣѾõľڡ
̫ʱˣûȥˡ已ÿ˵ĬĬ˵
ףűѹĸ첲ȥ
˸ں档
Թ¥ʱ׼ճȥɢֻҲһȥ
εĿ£¥ʱĴӦˡ
¥ʱǰ棬巺Ͳں档
¥ʱǣյ֣ȥ˵ԼȥĲЩ˼
տһ¥ʱúܺ÷
Ľ¥ʱȻһתͷգͷЩΣա
·յͷͬʱ³Ǻܲҡ
Ľʲôճɵװ㶵Ŀڡ
ˡǽ˿ЦðһпҲܳԴס
¥ʱô
ĽʲôҾǺܵĸпһ¶ѡ¥ʱĸ첲εĿ˵װϽݵ̳ȥɡ
¥ʱǰ˵Ц巺ͲɲǺܴ
εĿֱŤˣĿ˵㿴ϲԼˣð˵ģԣҲϣ㡣
ˣֻһɡ
¥ʱһŲƷԼˣһ˲ͻͻֱߵʧֻһĶѵĻ
ƴŪ÷Թһμѻֻϧ
ŶǰˣǽĽ
ι¥ʱǰ˻Σʲôأ
¥ʱסյ֣ǰȥûʲô߰ɡ
巿ǣָˣ︡ϵΣŲ
䵽ڣҹֻѾòˣһ˵׼ȥˡ
ա
¥ʱ뿪
üӰʧ֮кЩȻȦԾһȦ
һֲ֪ʲôʱܼ
ʧǵ巣ЩĿڣ¡ټģͱѹˣԸöóԵġ
已ͷŲŵ˵ӣʱˣôο˶أ
һ㶣ĬĬͷٻᰲοˣĪȥѧ
巿ŲӣһεĿڣûǾ㡭ɵģɰġ
һ㶣ĬĬ˶ӣЩɬĲ֪Ǻá
£ǲÿɰݵġЩİ͵Ŀ˵
巿ӣһҪ۸˼
Ǹʲôأ巴ȥЦ
źȻ巣ŵӲǵ˼Խİ͵Ŀڣ֪
巿ŲӣЦ
Ȼ̧ͷóѵӣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô︡ЩԼ֪ĳ硣
巺Ȼϲ۾һ˲￴ԼĵӰЩɬƿĿ⡣Ҳ
Լ֪۾жÿ
ĿŮ︡Щº͡
ԭҲẦ߰ĺÿɰ
סĳԡ




377 Ͼ
 

已ڵİ֣Ų뿪ˣؾ
ߣ¥ʱѾ߽֣˵Ĵ㣬ȻԽɽȥϾġ
ɽ֮һ£˲ߵٳĹܵϣ˳ŵ·ȥϾ
̵ɽ֮дһ£Ȼֵĳ򣬺Ȼһֻĸо
˲Ų׼סϢʱ򣬾ͱһȺʿ·ĸˡ
λ𾴵Ŀˣ롣Ϊ׵˵һڱŤĴϯֻ̬Ǻ𾴵֡
¥ʱǣסյ֣Ⱥˡ
Ϣһ֮¥ʱվͻһ·ʱͱ͵Ļʹ
һվǰˣ︡ϵĻ
ֻ¥ʱ֣֮ƺҪˡ

ղ֪𣿹Įǵĵطû˵˻Żء
һ룬һϤѵӰˡ
³վ¥ʱߵʱ򣬾ͶһĺĿ⡣
ǰϤѵѯʣӹĮˣ
տһ¥ʱǣô֮ǰʶ
Ӧòʶַĵ˰ɡ
ԣոĵһӡǷžһ۾Ϳ˵ıʰɡ
ͷȽȥɣӷѾ׼ãʱ߳Ա˵á
ԡ¥ʱǣɻճȥ
ո߽һݻĹʱ︡ľȡ
ΪǶôģǺܼ򵥵͵ģϯɼ˲ࡣ
ĺܰ
һ֮󣬻ʣϯλûһʹһк˽
к̧Ҿڣμʣʽ𰲡
⣬
¥ʱɶ࿴һкݿܴôຢӱһ¡
к
λ޵̫ӣԡڽǸӵݡ
¥ʱ̧ͷ˾Ʊ˵ϲ
ͬϲٱֻЩп׻СһЩ⺢Ӻϻеࡣ
ҿ꣬αع¥ʱڣһգ˵Ǻһִ㣬չ󡣡
̧Լ䣬ϾĻģ
һԣĿϣźΣԴϯĻ˵ݷƺʶˣ
ǰ¾յڣһ¥ʱź˵²⣬ʶһ¡
ӵû䡣˵һ֮ɫϾˡ
աո򵥵˵꣬ӵ¥ʱĿ֮һ䣬ýȢķˡ
΢΢ü
ǰ¾˻ǰԵ⡭ϸĺȴֵɡ
ǡ¥ʱ򸾣һʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ΪǨգôϯ˵š
¥ʱͷһգº͵ĿһЩ˵ڹˣұĴһ
վӦûԼʲôˣʼͷԶ
ǡЦһСӣҲ˵һţ´μʱ޲úʰ
¥ʱһ뻹̲סһ䣬ϸ첲ˣܴùô
޲ö¥ʱȥдһ١
ʲôϸ첲ȣ绪ï𣿣
ϵڡ
¥ʱһϲԵĲ˷˵ؽܴ󣬵ԺлԣֻɱˣȻͶˡ
ڳԶĿ϶һ仰Թл˵ĺãǰˣλǰ˻ʡʡɣؿš
զ࣬ǷͬĵˣĽ֮಻ҡ
ⱲӶûгֻ¡Ѿ¥ʱ˰ɡ
˵ģʱӵСӵʱǾȵһû˯š
ʧյ¥ʱϾ̸ֱ֮
ڹſڿյʱ֮¥ʱҡ
¥ʱˡ
ӵĸףҲˡ
˵ǰǰԵˣδĳһ죬϶ġ
¶ǣ겻˲п
һ棬˭緢񾭹µĥ£óˡ
žƱ¥ʱǼвƣϸ¡
ʱҾ;ѣȻȽĸоǸʱţǳԶˣϾϣǣ޾Ҳиġ
¥ʱͷԵգ̧ԴпڣʵǰҲûôһ죬һԼԵĳ׵ס
ղͷһ¥ʱһ䣬ôԵĲ⣿
¥ʱοˣ֮
Ů޷ᵽлԼȾʰ쵡




378 ʦ
 

ˣ̾һǵִѾ׵ķˡ
ǰһġ˾
ⱲעԵˣ±ӡҲûǸԵְ֣ɣαԼڹȥ
Կգ︡Щ֮ɫ
λˣǸʱλǻʺɣǲžޣ֮ţرգõŮӡ
̧ͷͿĺ֮ɫ
⺢ӲղĵĿһ仰Ÿɰһ㡣
΢΢һ飬һкܺǸѾͷȿɰ𣿡
¥ʱĿϡ
Ըܵɽѹֻ뵽ʺʹ˾Ľ̵治ɫĳš
ǲһ㡣¥ʱ͹۵ָһ䡣
ƺ뵽ʲô뿪
ֻʣ¥ʱ򸾺
¥ʱƺҪµ˵ʲôˣʱǰ˵ҲӣҲ
¥ʱľܾԹԵĿ˵̫࣬Ȼ˺ܶôɱ׶Ҳܴ󡣡
Դ̫֮ͷ̻жֵͷˡ
ȥ˴˾Ƕ˵࣬ҲС
Ϊ˴ĳɳҪ鷳һ¥ʱˡ
չ˹¥ʱĸ첲ڣλȱžܾȿ˵
¥ʱʶҪܾˣֻĿ⣬εĵͷӦˡ
ƺҴ˷ӡ
뽫̫ӽǴ꣬Ϊʦʦ֮Ǽ棬ΣҲˡ
ϣΪ൱˲࣬¥ʱ֮ʣľϯˡ
ڹĶ󣬲Һ൱
ҪܾӣڣϾкܶƳ棬ϲ
Ҳ֪ǲŵģվȻԥˡ
ĹȻ˼ѧˣ翴Ͼģ
¥ʱҲԼ
ֻҪһǶν
˵ķ׺ʹϯȫһȸԯޣɽֵ챦Ǻܶࡣ
뵽ɽҩԶĿ֣Ķˡ
¥ʱһ
ϼ޻
аɣǴӦˡ˵꣬˹¥ʱĸ첲Ҳ̬
¥ʱڣ̵ʦ
˰ˣصķݶϣӰɣֻŮƺúƭˣ
ղסЦ⣬Զ
Ļ¡
ͷԾĿڣ˾˵ʺλ̸ʲô
ͷһԣڵǸʦɡ
ţһ㶣д˺֮ɫ
ӣ˵λǶķʦֻкôûл
ֻһ㣬¥ʱǱĴֻ¡
֪ˣһλ巵ۣһλǳǻʺ󣬶԰ɣ˵
ͷǡ
ЩյĿǴ˾ҲΪʲôʲԽ̵أ
ԶǺ󹬵ķ
ҪһȵĻɳʦϻԽ̵ˡ
ĳ˵ͦ˽ģѾ뷨˿©ˡ
ƶǶĵͷ
ûһڳһԽȥ
ԣԽǰʦ
ԹԹԵķͷʦպ¥ʱȹ֮ʦǳˡ
ԹԼĸȥѾɨĹЪϢ
¥ʱǣߵǽ֮¡
ǲǷʲô飿պȻһ䡣
¥ʱĿһգͷƿ˵ţҲǲؽһЩ鷳顣
Ȼˡ
Ϊλôʣ¥ʱе档
ЦЦҪǲҲȲ㣬˽һеġ֮ԻӦһΪңһΪɡ
¥ʱף˵̫
ǡնһЦԼڵ顣
¥ʱ̾һεĿúúãղˣţ
ܡĿڡ


˳Ĭһ·¥ʱ˵һЩ飬ҺǰѣûͻҲУѵи̫ӣǰһҲӦõġ
ѵãպĿ¥ʱе㲻ס
¥ʱĬƬ̣ԣĺ˵ʮһС̫ӣҲǲ첻ѡ
պȻСĲװ
˷˼⣬ûƫֻʬ嶼ˡ
Σտ˵Ǹ
¥ʱ͵ĵͷ
ǸѵõĵҲֻǵѡ
һϸɷǸϸĸףֻһϸĵ
ֻнɽûжĵط顣




379 
 

ǰǸĸλĻп
ǰǧһֻۣǵѣֻнɽûġ
ĸ¥ʱͽ˹ȷϲҪԼ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪ˣ̫԰ʦϢȥˡ
ֻҲ֪ǰʦ˶ѣ֪Եʦ˭
ֻеӵ˶뵽λݲĹͣԼ˾
ֻϸ룬˾ǶǲܵģΪ˾ͽܣעһεĴ˾ôܻ̫Ӱݴ˾Ϊʦء
ԣֻʣλˡ
жӵŮסˣ׷ǧټƵȥ˵Ϣ
Ȼ֪Լϵķ˯ʱ䡣
һЩ֮󣬾ͽ͹ȥˡ
̫Խȥ֮ûгĲٹ׷׻ԼǶ
¥ʱʱ̫
ԾվӲȺ˾ʱ
¥ʱͿŴ꣬һĺվǶ
Կ¥ʱʱһ̧һҾеƣʦ
¥ʱףӽԴȥϴ
͵ǲ۹ⲻ
Ը»֮Ҳˡ
¥ʱһ˯գԵƬ̣Ȼǣջصᷢ
û˾ͳˡ
鷿
վһߣһ߳Ŵķ羰¥ʱλʣԵĵһ
һһջΡ
ֻԻСһЩش
ֿİסԣնŤͷһۡ
ʵɣҲԻİˣ¥ʱ˵ʱ򣬻Ĳһ˿Գܵ˵ġ
ϣ˵ġ
¥ʱ˲ˣԵ֪ʶ˾ųɡ
ӣ¥ʱĬ˺һα㻹
һ㶣һܳӿ¥ʱ
տ¥ʱڵӣ︡ЩֵЦ⡣
¥ʱһ赭дԡ
ȥ棬ҿѧû츳¥ʱڡ
ԼæͷԼСȸ¥ʱˡ
Ƹں档
ԺΪտĵط
ĬĬһߵ̨ϣ¥ʱЦĲԣȻͺܺ˴ʱǸʲôӡ
ĲЦСҲЦ⡭
붼øЦ
˼ʱ¥ʱѾһˡ
¥ʱȻôš
ӦһȥȵķС˵ʲô飿
¥ʱڵȥԣʱһ£иƻ
鷳úһ㳤󲻺𣿡İ֣Ͼܾˡ
¥ʱѾϵˣΪؼӣôġ
жҪһߵգ¥ʱקס죬ڣ費ܰ׺ˣ𣿡
ͻºŵһ£ջȥһףס
һԣռ򵥵Ĳһ㹦ξ뿪
뿪ֻ֮ʣˡ
ת̨ϣտ¥ʱǰҲЦ𣿡
š
ҲǺһĲЦ𣿡
¥ʱ룬ǰºֻǵϵλͺЦˡ
գգ۾ίʵе󲻵ºӡ
һӣ¥ʱȻʱزڡ
ر̵ĺܺãغº͡¥ʱߣ̧ԴֻҲƤʱ򣬺ŵĸһֱܺãҲǷǳá
㶣ЩڵıԴȥ︡Щ޴ã
òҪļ䣬ǿĵúҪɡ
¥ʱ˫ַϥϣŲԶĻľڣѧһȫֵ֧ģ涼˵츳ǿٹֻ¿Ժͳսƽˡ
ճĬĿһ¥ʱһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
˵СǸӣ¥ʱȻЩΣǸСӣҲǸ˰
Ƥˣ˵ճˣǡ
Ҳ֪ˣӦþ⼸˰ɣ
ͷ¥ʱĿ⣬һʱ֮俴ˡ
һܺõĸףֻǡЩ㲻˰
ԼûµĻֻһһҸɡ
ϧ
ʲô¥ʱڣʵܲסֱĿ⣬ĬĬͷƫһЩ
ջ񣬿¥ʱ΢΢Ķӣ︡Щ
ν̵ԡϾԼĺӺͱ˵ĺӻвġ
¥ʱĿһˣֻ²ǰɡ
˵ҲһһĽڣŮ
Ц
룬ûǵĻ᲻һյ
¥ʱסˡ
жųĿõģȻˣ
⡭Ѳˣ
㡭¥ʱһʱЩˡ
ʼ򣬡ûˣʧ˰ɣ




380 Ȼ
 

¥ʱҡҡͷûС
ʧֻе¡֮Լûл
ңܲסЩ䡣
տ¥ʱȻһŵĵôˡ
ҼǲǵҪҪǣҴʼƺġ̯֣ˣ㻹ʲô𣿡
¥ʱĿҮգƺÿ϶˵һΡ
ëչһ䣬¥ʱĿ⣬ޱϵ̬ȿ˵Ҵʼնģ𣿡
¥ʱȻЦˣյĶͷԼغͳһ档
һ㶣Цˡ

鷿
һдεˣʱˣӾ͹ȥˡ
һֽϣû˭ּСͿѻ
վں濴˺һûʲôѯʵǣ
Աŵһ£īֽ֭Ⱦ
ʡʰ֮󣬲˵ʲôָһͿѻΪԺĿڣʦöϾ
ҪֻղŻĳɡ
һίʵʶϾط
㲻͸˵˵ãҪλ˸һ¡
Եͷëʡ
ʣڴ˾Ĵ֮¼ʶܶɫϾڶǹ̩񰲣Ƕ֪αԾЩ
ԴֲڵĽܣǾҪٸԼһ¡
һΧӳԷܿģµظɻһˣȻһ㣬ǳԱůҲ
۵𣬿ЩͿѻоЩѵõο
Լ͵Ͼӵİ
ʲôָһźĵطɵĿڡ
һڣǻʹ
ţԽˡ
򴽣ԴڵĻʹǵ
ûԾ˺һ
һ㶣оԼһҪ⡣
ӲǿܣԼʶеʱѯ˼ġ
ʱ̧Դܰʱǵôʦ˵Ȼвĵطʣ֪𣿡
︡Щϲæͷ֪ˣ
оЩ
ò˴ӵķĲ
õԼҸʵĿ佱˼һĿڵ:ʣһ𣿡
ʰɡ
˾˵йĵطкڰɶϾǺܺõģҲûлĴأԽԼı
ͷԣϣаϾǺܲҲлһ棬˾֮ûдȥֻŵ㡣
룬ŵǶʲôʱ˽Ͼأ
ֵ̧򦣬㲻ȥʦ
ü۵ϳɵı飬ɰġ
롣
ʦЩ˵ּ꣬ææһ䣬ʦԶܺõģ㲻Ҫˡ
ľһ˵ѣλԼĺܲ
οڣû룬Ͽ𣿡
¥ʱǸ֪ܲ
̰Ȥ棬ֻҲûõЦɡ
˵ģ⺢ӻᱻſء
ԵƵʹͷԣʦ˶ö⣬ȶˣ͸ʷǣ
־ѵûˮǵð
Զʱˡ
ĵĽǣʲôѧĺܿ졣
鷿һʱȥ԰ߣһ¡
ֻӵ԰ʱ򣬾Ϳһ˵Ӱ
ʦ
ȥԴϯĻڵ٩ݷˣ԰ĺ𣿡
˵ӣбֱ̫׳ĿڣԣҾЩġ
ʦ̧һҾ
հ֣ҡһ˿ӣϾȵģֻľࡣ
һб̫ðɣϯƺȣ
Ͼļ紺ϯȶ䡣
ƺǰɡе㲻ȷĿڡ
ŲԶļӣǺûп¥ʱʵ¥ʱأ
ҡҡӣı飬ϰΪĵеԲߣ³һ·
ʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
巵۰պıųǹ˫ɱ˶֣Ȼ˲˵ֱˡ

𣿡շһ䡣
ҭƬ̣ڵ㲻֪𣿡
¥ʱһƽͷյĻᾪȣ巵ۣԼĵ
֪ʼ
ϰΪӣһʱ޻˵
Դ͵գգ۾һĿա
У޵ȥʵ¥ʱ³ӡ
Ļܳ𣿳




381 ÷
 

ǣһȺ˾ȥסĹȻֱС
ߵſڣͿ̨ǰò˵в˵ˡ
ȥ´ϸһµ˿һʱû˵
ǿԵġ
ſסԣȥˡ

͸վһ߿¥ʱɵ³ǰζ֪˵ʲô
ۿ𣿡¥ʱǶһˣһ䡣
̧üģ˵㵽ôģ
ʲôôģ¥ʱò˵ĹһȻ˷ϣгһζεġ
һ۳в˶һӳⷽٵ˲˵㾿ôģ
¥ʱԼϵĲ˵룬ǰᣬڲᣬְܲܿɡ
ȻΪⰮΰ
¥ʱһҭӣвˡ
ȫ׼ˣ¥ʱͿʼջ𣬳ˡ
Ҳ֪ǳʲôվ¥ʱˡ
һζһɷ˵ζ֪ĶӾͶء
¥ʱãɫҲˡ
ĲһٷȻ˾ͳȥɢˡ
ڲԶ˺ˣȻڵ˵ģղ
ʳ¥ʱ˵
һ˺ѧѧͦõģҪһ鰡Ǿ֪ио
¥ʱһԣĿϣĿЩ⣬˵ôȥأ
һѪһ
ˣûָоΪܵĿ˵
¥ʱδ˵ʲô
û֦չŮ˾͹ˡ
ǵݣҲ⹬ˡ
¥ʱջĿ⿴ֵÿĵˣ󲻽ȥ
Ҳȥ
¥ʱֽ֮Ůһ
Сڳļ˶ɵӣȻ֪ŮҪײڻ
տǸŮˣ۽ǵϸƶҪزסˣλ··۰
ǸŮԼͣôһ˵ϵЦݿҪάֲסˣЦݽӲӣıŤ
ǲֻͶŭˡ
һλСһЩŮ߹ЦӯӯĿ˵λ˵Ҳ÷ȷʵǲСˣ߶߲Щײ˼ҡ
㲻Ҫ̫š÷۹ȥ
ʱ򣬲˲ע⵽յķѾ˸٣ȻɷŮˡ
λŮ˰ֻյòδע⵽÷٣Ϊ»
֮òôľû覴ãǽ˼ʼӼɵ
ԲŻԴ˳ܣȴԼˡ
¥ʱ⣬÷زסļޣڵ÷ײ޵ĹͣλΪ˴乬ɡ
÷סһŵĿ
ǻ˵ʲô˸ȥˡ
÷ĵĻᶼûС
һգﰵ̾λ˿ǵﲻ˰
÷ôȻΪһٶͱˣ⣬Ů˵ʲôͷ
վߣ״ûʲô˵ġ
Ҫȥˣ¥ʱ̧յԴѯʡ
տһ԰Ůˣʱʧ£߰ɡ
ߵʱ˳Դϡ
һҲˡ
ϵ¥ʱǵĹߣɫѾˡ
źմֵԣ͸վһ߿š
Ӧˣ¥ʱŲյڡ
һߵĵϣֵһ裬˶ѡ
¥ʱЦһҿС
һ¥ʱڵȻҲ򵥵ģҲҪӦôࡣ
ⲻҲһ˲뷨
ÿô࣬ŲҪأ
Ǿǲɢ¥ʱվ˵ۡ
˵ɵӣΣЩӸô죿վ˵ۡ
¥ʱ˵Լվ˵ء
źĿĵˣ︡Щ棬ˣ޿źƺϲݷˣ
һкԵ¥ʱڡ
źòǫ¥ʱ΢΢һ飬治ǫ顣
˴ˡش
˴л˵£Ǳߵյԣ˵¡
ʱˣδߵߡ
ͷ֮󣬴Իȥ
·ϡ
š
Ŀģڵܿģ
Եͷʦѧ˼ǳҲĺܿġ
ʦžǱѧɣö벻׵Ȼ
һ䡣
䱦Ľȫ˵ϵЦһֱûе
һһ߾кϲҲûеġ




382 
 

գ糯
ųĻžԼΪҪ÷
Ҫͷյġ
źüλΪ÷˵ˣû˵ͷϵİָĸ
۵ĸҪǾÿԵסϯȥɡ
ƮƮһ仰óʱȡ
һô˵ˣ˵̬ǿӲҪ˵ͷݷȥϽȥ޿ûǡ
һӽп
ץסǵСӣȻǲô׷ŹģŻQĻô˵ˣQ޿ǺͰ
ǳĬ˵޻˵
ϾͶ̣ͨľ޴ͺô
ǰЩ˿СҪ۸ɽ²Ҳա
ǾҲ۰֡
ԣΪӵĸĲҵ֡
Ǹ蹷ƵСˡ
ҲӰǰ֪һ÷Ҳǡ
գ¥ʱ򸾴ˡ
֪Ϣĳʾ㲻巵۽̫ӵ¸̵һ
뿪ʹ֮󣬷ɽȥ
꣬꣬Լ֮Уͯǻɽ泤ġ
һ˶ʰ
˯һȺҪô±ϣֱɥĲķޣ
ˣԵĽܴи̥ǵĸı䣬Ǳ»ӡ
Ҳ֪ˣһĺӲЦ滢һ㲻ķǰ㡣
Ȼ¥ʱ˵ġ
ԽҩںþͿһҰ߹ˡ
ȿȣʲô
εĿգʦлֱ˵
λʦأºģӵҲģʦҲġ
ҰӿڵҪɽˡ
ţԽҩķڱ¨뿪
û¥ʱӰͳ֮С
һĺɣ¥ʱ˵Ҫʳǿ㸸ʣ˳˵һ³ϵ顣
Եͷʾ֪ˡ
ûգɽ˾ͻص˻ʳǡ
ǰǻһ˵ԣ̧ͷ¥ʱǽǰӰ
¥ʱڣԼãûʲôϵ
º͵ЦЦ̧һҾʦѧģʦƢãס
סģƢáϹ
˵
ˣǾ͵ˣ˵źҲˡ˵һ䡣
¥ʱףѾյϢ
ͷҲûмˣοԺúá
¥ʱס
л֮󣬷صһ졣
ա
˯硣
۾ͿſһŮ
ĸ~ԹĿڣŵӲˡ
ôˣ˭۸ˣѯʵ
ԹĿգҼǳһΣȻûпˣ㶼𣿡
롣ɷĿڣҴһްܲ𣿡
һȻһϲĿգĸ𣿣
ջ۵ûڣ¡
巾ͼǵøȥʵû취ˣղˣĸ󣬺ĸͺͶ˵˵ɣòò~
տŽĹʮ˾ˣǸźƵġ
أմʡ
Сһ壬ں͸˵ĸ˵˵£ò
š
նһ֣ŴԭصˣȥԷ

ȥ磬Ӵš
ż巵Ӱһ룬Ͷһˡ
εĿ̧Դ𿪣Ҫ˵Ĵˣճ𣿡
񻰣ˣЦĿڣº͵ӣҩϲˣĸڼǵöˣ̫˰
ָһԱ׵㸸ʰɣ
˵𸸻ʣ巿ڵ֪𣿡
ҡҡͷһţˮˮ
ʲ֪已Ŀա
յͷǰʱģû
治Ҳûж𣬷
巿գ°ĿתĿš
εĿ巣ȥԾϯ
ȥҪĸһֱ׳ĿڣǱиʺͻڣȥȥһġ
տ˵ǳȥ
һϳϯʲôǸƢ
ðɡ첻鲻ԸӦһͷ뿪ˡ
ȥϵʱҪʼˡ
¥ʱЩĿˡ
֮㲻ȥĸ𣿾ȻûĸԷ
ֱǽ˾ޱȰ
ĸޱԹĿڣĸ˵ǳܲҵӣҾˡ
εĿһ巡
ĸ˵öԡ¥ʱһ䡣




383 ž
 

己죬һԼҸʣ濪ڵʾǲöĸԷС
ţԣҾС¥ʱڡ
޻˵
ɣԽԽСˣ
΢΢һ飬⸸ŮΡ
Ͽһˣ︡Щ޿κΡ
ʽɣҲǡ
Թ緹֮һ˾ͶڵĹȥˡ
һ߿˼ԣɢˣʲô
Ի󿪿˵ʦ
֮󣬾;Լûôɫ
ҲʮɣǰλҲʮͷԼ꣬ССͿԺ͸ƽƽִƴȨǽĽ
ţЩɣŸԼĺӣһ䡣
ڵҲȶ٣ǺͶȿν㣬ԶԼЩ֮Ȼʦ
һԣ̧ļοĿ˵ܴһԺһǿɫ
Եͷ
ǱģΪʵĶӣʦͽܣҪǲǻ˵ã
ȥ鷿ԽӴ˳ûְֵḶ̌ʱش
Ϊ飬ŶӰɡ
ӣ˾ȥ벻

¥ʱߵ˵ںɹ̫
һߵԺͿɹ̫Ůˡ
ĸ󡣡̧һҾ
¥ʱһҾĸ󡣡
ֱӴȥڷֱϣ۰ͰͿżµգĸ󡫡
μ̫̧һҾ
һ·ū澲μ
۾ŲԶǣ˶ЩζԽͿˣ¹Ǻˡ
¥ʱյķӦ
ˡ֡
ȥڣĸôˣ
ҲǶԼĸ׺ãŻ¶⺱º͡
̧ԴȰĻЩΣûܴȥׯ԰ժˮץ㣬
Ȼ̧ͷգǿ˹һ˲Ҳۿ
ĸĸ󣿡һ̫˸顣
΢΢ף̧һѵգССͰʲôɱ㸸ʵĻëѧˡ
ΣһЦݡ
ЦúգںģԱ
գ˵Ľ壬Цʱ¥ʱһЦգޡ
ϴ͵ĿϵŮˣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ȥסϴӤʵգЦĿڡӴճ˾ôճˣ
һ۵һˣվͺ
ĸˣءˣء
տް˦¥ʱ㡣
ҿ޹ô¥ʱڣְޣⲻô
˵㣡ղĿڡ
¥ʱһգͲܽ𣿡
²£һ仰ǲǣŮԶģ
һ롣
ȻͼŮ˽վ뿴ͼһջ˰ɡӡ
ûõԼĸ壬ƲƲǱʾҲϰΪˡ
¥ʱԶԣָһԱ
վһ߿ڵӣ۽ʪȡ
£ˣϺ͹Ҳѹˡ
̫ϻҲǿྡˡ
̧ͷ¥ʱ˵ҪǴСӻشϯʱʦ̽ǾͶ⼸ӣ
¥ʱſʦû޵ˣҲΪͬ
Ӧ
ġ˵꣬Ȼٿͳǡ
סˣ¥ʱ
յͷţȻǰᵽ̫סĵطﳽϱ
εĿա
ûء
ȷʵ̫ˣסڻʺĹȷʵǲס
ӵ¥ʱĿ⣬һҾڵȥܹ׼
巸˵УԴԼ˷ܡ
巿ˣԼҲͿˡ
պȻĿ˲ϣսսʱ򣬿ڵСӳˣ
ܳĿա
ס̧һӣҪΪҪµģ׽
巶ʱˣԴȻʱʱ͵һ۲
õ巣Σ¥ʱɱˡ
Ȼ󣬲̧һҾ˽λãʸ׸𣿡
ʵɣù¼ԼǺܲʵģһ׸һⶼûС
տĲͷ˵ȥ׼ŰɣҿŶȲˡ
ѽĸ˵ʲôأ
նɿˣ¥ʱҲǫ̀Ѿˣʽ֮ǰӲ̫ù




384 д
 

ͼŻʵȥ̫棬ߺͲ˵䡣巵Դڵ
巿һ۲Ȼͱϸקˣ֮ǰһۡ
˾ͻʽ㣡
ҪǸҶԻʽ㲻ãԼǵòһϹͷԣ
պǾһţ˵ǰһЩ顣
Ǳߣӣд彫ڵĦ
̫Ȼò̫ѿ۳ɹˡ
㿴ֻĲ˹ӣڵһ˵ıҪǸһί»Ĺǻι㡣
Σ̧һҾϿҿڣģùһίġ
ǵıγԼıأ
¥ʱеҵĲЪ˺д뷨
ءչ˹ָ
ӱ߹ȥĸôˣ
ԼקЦеĿڣдд衣
ȻԼ׵ʱĸڵĦѪʷ
ĸ󣬱˰ɡ˵񲻻ôˣҲ䰡ܲӮҲһ⡣
Ĳ̫ĸд裬ĸһ־ͺˣϻᡣ
һĿڣģҲ
ˣ
ӲǱѼϼܣ֮ǰǧ׼ùƣǴ֮󡭡
ˣʲôû˵ĸľͺá
¥ʱŶܹƳ滹Ҫźۼˮ㣬΢΢ôһӡ
ЩЦõĿĸ
¡
˵ΪˮˣϾԴ
ֻ˵ĺǿ
ƴȫҲش˿ɲ
¥ʱһϢգȥڣԣ
ҲЩˡ
ˮĿڣһȥҴ硣
¥ʱȻקˣȻ⧲֡
ŴһŵˣЩĿɿڴ
һԲϾͿ
˵̫ϻʺ̫Ĺϵܺ

ǿһ۲̾һˣ㿴Űɡ
λִ˻أŰɣһŴžͱζˡ
㿴ŽһˣǼֱǴѷְ
ֻûһͱ˽ѧ໥ѧ֡
㿴һۣĬĬ뿪
֪Ǵ˻ˡ
Ȼе빫ˡ
ʶȤ뿪ˡ
մ֮һ¥ʱ棬Լȥ
¥ʱ˳޵ȥ·ϣȻðһ䣬ʲôʱģ
֮ǰձ¥ʱĲ˵
¥ʱһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲô
պȻ˵ͦǰ˭ء
ţ
¥ʱԼƺ²⵽ʲô
ջԼĵȣڵǰʱһУأǰ˭˲
¥ʱ֪
հһۡ
Լ֪飬֪˹ˡ
˵պȻס¥ʱĶ䣬Ŀ⣬ЦвжҿԼᰮġ
ÿ¥ʱɷ羰Ŀ˵һ䡣
һίͰ͵Ŀң
ûС
¥ʱú˶ȥҲֻһ˲뷨ѡ
ʧõı᲻á
˵вжûã¥ʱĶ׺Ŀڡ
ж¥ʱΪܵĿڡ
ձˡ
ûп¥ʱ顣
жҲþ͸ˣֻҵġ
һжܰϵˣܲж
ĶĲˡ
պȻһ䣬𣿡
ʲô
϶ܿɡ¥ʱգԺ󲻻ˡ
˭
᲻á
Լŵˣѹ
¥ʱƺӦˣһۻˣÿֻ࣬ҪԼ̶ôѰÿࡣ
á

巼˻ʱ򣬸ĸֲˡ
㰲úü˾ȥ̸ˡ
ڶ
ջһ·ŷγϡ
ۿƵݣ֪Ϊλôɫˡ
ĸôɫܲɫ
ֻ˵۽ԺδкϾŮܲĻģ֮óҲˡ
˿ʼ⡣
ʵֹˣٷŮӿҲǴȶˣ޲󹬡
ֻϧڲһŴ¥ʱ
ǻ仰˵Ůӻδ֡
һһȺҪϵĴ֪ǸÿǳܻǸȥһ
Сǽĸĺѧһʮʮģӹ֬׷۾
˵ˣĸ׺öһˣʮͱˣ˼ƶã
ҳһƯŮˣ߱źÿֻŮӣܡ
ʵ
Ⱥû¸ɡ
ˣǿǳܰɣǳԸԡ




385 ˼
 

¥ʱһգĿϡ
ӵԼҸʵ񣬱֪˼΢΢ס
¥ʱջĿ⡣
û֮еĸһ䡣
һλ󳼺Ȼվ̧һҾ˵ϣǸի±裬Ϻ۹һ
һ㣬ﷺĿ⣬һ
΢΢ס
ϴӣ˵ɡ
ĵһ䣬֮˿Ȼ֮еŮ˿ʼ衣
±
¥ʱĮջĿ⣬µĿţȻֵǰ
ʲôտһۣĿѯʡ
ûʲôÿģˡ¥ʱ˵
ղĿ˵Ҿͦÿġ
¥ʱĬĿѾû뿪
εĿڵ¥ʱܲܲҪôԵҾͦÿġ
ǡ¥ʱЦһ
ˡ
аɣ˲ˣҲû˺ÿ
¥ʱ״ջ֮󣬵һƵݸա
žƱȴ۲ˡ
ֵ˰Ů˲˸ʲôȤء
¥ʱһˣ︡Щ޿κΡ
ġ㰮ɫˣʧǰʧ󣬶һģһġ
巿һ۸ĸͶ˲

һЦ¶Сȥǿɰ뿴Ϳɣ˵ʲô
巳ĬĿ
ҪǲЦôˣһĻ
˰Ҫô븸ֹҪôڵˡ
СʱҲǰĸ찡ôھͱôڡ
ĪǹǸȾף
㿴һˣδ˵ʲôֻĥţʲôʱԼŲдһ
ߣ±ŮƲǰɴһӣ˿
ޱĿţеҪ֡
ӹס
ǿĸͻõòе㲻ˡ
Ů˿޶Ե㣬︡ЩѿƲ赸
˵λ󣬿Ǿǧ֮⣬ҲʽĹ磬ֻ̫֣»ҲŹԼ
һ㣬ò˵˵ĲŮɫĺ¥ʱһģһ
ô¥ʱһϲ㣬ľǡ
һϲˣֻһӾǹ¶˰ɡ
ֻʱһŮ˾Ȼ赽¥ʱǰ
ˮһӳ¥ʱȥ
ͷȥֱǴˡ
տǳ¥ʱȥˮ䣬һקסűԼקϵŮʱļڽ
սˮս֣Ů˴ſϣ˷ˣԵЩǱ
ڵպȻȻֹ輧ҲվԭأһĻ
һȻˡ
ˣǧŮˡ
տŰϾҪԼˮڵŮˣȻ֣Ǳ˼˵Ҫȱˣһ
¥ʱһգ︡ϵЦ⡣
ѵðԼжʱ䶼ûбŮˡ
Ůɫһ䡣
ǿƵ̬ȣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
Ҫ˼ܣ˼˱ϣɾͲӲˡ
յĿ˶ЩϣεѹͨĿ⴫˹ȥ
ƺʶʲô
ˣ
˵˵⣬⼸ӴգһĵĸоڵգԼǰʶĳǻʺ
µİҲֻϼ
ǸСѾͷҲֻǿ󣬲ûְ
֣ϷɣĲգŮ̫̫ˡ
һŮܡ
ȻֱߵľƱǸָյĴҹȥ
µĸǿָ𣿡ڣҴϯŮˣĻǴϯô飿飿

һƬžλѹһյĴ󳼶ʱϢġ
Բֶαңûá¥ʱ˵ֵһ˼ңòҪĿϡ
赭дĻ͸ѹһ㶼յĴá
˼ң
˿¥ʱǱݺͳĮʣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
˵λ꼶ǲСˣ͵ĺġ
ʱ˲͵λƽ¼
򸾰ϯִġ
˵ˣɲǵצڡ
һ㣬ڿһ߹ۿ¥ʱһա
ྡˣ
ԿһԼʦȻ֪Ϊʲô˶ʦôߡ
˵ǻΰ룬ԴϯĹ˭޷ĥġ
ѧϰİֻܴﵽʮ֮ɡ
ŬɲϾĴȴϯĲ
ô˵ҲҪ¡




386 ̸
 

Ϸź޻ؿ֮Ĵ󳼣˵ˣۺ巵۸һӣ²ΪΣ
㵭˵Ȼ˳۶ô˵ˣ¾Ͳƽˡ
ףٱ˵Щĵ飬ѵùһΣĿġ
Ȼ˾Ʊһ
巺Ͼٱʾ⡣
¾Ʊ֮󣬵˵ˣܻµ˾ȥ˰ɣ
󳼿׵屻𷣵輧ʱһ͵ĲУ»Ͻϡ
ͬʱҲ֪λ۲Ƶˡ
֮һɢˣظ
ü˻й
Ҫһعģ¥ʱڣ뷨ʱ̥УſڵĻᶼûС
ȥ·ϣ㿴Ͱ͵巣̧һԴ˺ˣֲǲ֪ôںĸαҪȥ˵Щʵ顣
Ҳţǻˣֻֻʣһʬˡ
ɴ˿ɼʶͦõġ
ϿһԼһʽ㣬Цʽɣĸĺܺˡ
һ·ŷһˣأ
˵巸̾ѣʷԸȥˡ
ʱˡ
Ҫ׸ɲô׵ġ
ǵСɲôױһСӡ
ֻµȻصϯʱǼλ֡
ϾһҲֻôһСǧٳ衣

ա
첻ɽջϱһ¨Ķȥƺҩݡ
ǣһѯһ䡣
һɫЩεĿ̫ϻҪĶ
ŵʱ֪ˡ
̫ϻʹѽҲôõġ
Ҳ˵ٳǧ
Ŷ߽ȥϴ֮Ҳˣ緹Ծͽȥˡ
¥ʱ꣬Ҳˡ
μ̫ϻʡ̧Ҿ
¥ʱӲ֣ŲƤӵµ࣬Ŀűߵı¨ϣһ¨ɡ
ȥš
֣¥ʱ֮ĬĬŲȥ
ԼĪһӣ¥ʱһīɫ߽˲档
֮󣬹˽
Ŀһ¥ʱЩȷĿڵ̫𣿡
˯𡣡¥ʱˮ˵֮һڡ
Ĭһ֪˵ʲô
ƺ˵̫ϲ˯һϲῴˣʲô顣
ǰŲһ
˰ĳԹ֮󣬾ȥԺɢˣ˳˵巵顣
¥ʱ˺ܶǰСʱ飬ͬʱҲĽĸ顣

˯ʱѾʱˡ
Ŵɡ
Ϊĸ׵գֱ緹ˡ
¥ʱǲŷ㽫˽
Թ緹ȥԺɹ̫˯ˡ
ûҲ˰һӹȥԼĸһ
¹ʱͿĸŮںԺ˯
һ޵ƣǽΡ
档¥ʱ˵һ䣬ֻЩزסˡ
Լ󣬡ʣá
ɲ
пӺʹ飬æĲУ˯̫ѵˡ
ѹָ׻λˡ
պҲҪһλȻĴ档
Ͳһߡ
һ֮Ȼ˵ʣҼǵ˳ڶ࣬ΪλͻȻ˴
¥ʱָűӣǸʱӴϯø̫ĸҲǻԵɺϣһ۹ȥ;ӲȻȥĸӽΪ󡣡
ԼҸʵЩü
û뵽ôһ
ֻ˳ۿɲǻӵˡ
˳ۿɲǻӵˡ˵
˵ӣ¥ʱҲǾˡ
ɲôõĺӣ㱻ʹ˾ˡ𣬻ﻰǸ
¥ʱףʾԲ
գգ۾Ըʺĸͺİæ̵ˣ
š¥ʱڡ
㿴һԼҸʲδ˵
ʿɲôĵˣֻǷ˳ʲôɡ
ϸ룬˳ǰԼҲǰֻǱĻȥɡ
ûءԹĿڡ
˵ֻԹҲʼԹˡ
ɲǣɶûбĸô̵Ȼйġ
ȻͺĽʺޣ
ղͷһ巣ôй̵㣿
˵Щµ󣬲ɴ˺㣬㼫ˡ
ĸʦȣֻ󲢲ȹᣬôһĻȻͺͬˡ
㿴ڣĸɲȹԡ
϶ʱԹ
һ㹻ˣǸĸл·




387 ػʳ
 

㿴ˣӣĿ¶Ρ
˵ʺĸĽ̵ʽº࣬ٶ˵ġ
տ˺ü㣬ǵ¥ʱĿ
¥ʱĿ⣬˵أҲСˣ治ʲôģ
¥ʱƿĿ⣬Դ˱ʾԼǰĪ
ԼӣٿԼĸԾԾԵӣΡ
ĸ󣬶Сż
С
տ¥ʱָе㲻ŵĿڣⶼʮĴСˣСأ
Сˣٹͼˡ¥ʱ˵һ䣬ȡһʱ䡣
֮أδڣҪٵȵȡ
ҲҪߴԼĶң¥ʱ˵̲סҪˡ
ż˰ɣʵ
¥ʱȻһֲԤУ˵ԶǸӡ
һǼǵĴˣҪţǻûҪϹġ
򴽡
²ŲûҪأҪʲôʱҪ
¥ʱſڷֹ̧סˣ˵ɱ˵ңҼ޸㲻ҲʮôŮӣʮ弰ǾͿԳˣֻлˡ
¥ʱһʱ仹޻˵
ԣأȥ׼ӭȢˣճɾտ˵
ӵ¥ʱĿ⣬Ŀ¶޿κΣǣ֪ˡ
¥ʱŹԼˣһ˵û˵ʲôȴĬĬһʡ
֪˵ʲôǺˡ
巿ԼĸݶЩ
ĸ󣬸ʵȻҲãǡӱŤֱ˵
Сˣ¥ʱָ̧һԱ⣬֡
Լſ˵ô㲻Ⱑ
Ҳǲ⣬ֻǲô˲ǳСӰ
εĿǲɵ
ţ
ҴӦ˿Ҳ㲻ܵѰտ˵¥ʱΡ
ԣ
ģȻ֮ͬˡ
ֻǸɵСڶϲصĸлŮⲻ֪ڿӰ
ҪгҲҪ˳𣿡˵
¥ʱĲ֪˵ʲôǺˡ

Ͼ£ѧ˲ٶϯϾͨҲⶨһݣȻһ˾ˡ
뿪˻ԡ
Ϊûгʦ¥ʱȥĶҲֻܸȥ
һ㶼ԣǺͬȥһ
һˮ·Ϊ˶࣬Ҳǻһµʱŵʳǡ
ﳽѾճˡ
ǰӭӵļ˴¥ʱȥ˴Ṭ
װ껹ƫӣ¥ʱһȦ಻֮
һһպԼӵһ
һ졣
գմȥ˷ﳽԻʵΡ
ôģЩһ䣬ڣȻûһϢ
ٺõĹҪ˾סģȻûζ
°ϵһ̾ˡ˵֮󣬲ͷǣЦеĿڣǵְ˭أ
һһʱ֮䲢δ˵ʣ˿Ǽթޱȣǰ¾֮Ͳᰮκˣʧˡ
տűܶǣҲͲ׷ˣڸЦЦ˵ȷʵǽթֻϧأ˭˵ġ
ʵû¥ʱĸǰֻҲں
¥ʱԼĴԼģȻһЩõļ䡣
ڷﳽ棬Ļһһ٣ӣƺڻǰ顣
ĴഺַﳽˣΨһֵҵľûﳽ¥ʱȫİ
ɱʮﳽֵá
ǾƵţҲɵĸ䡣
ﳽ˵µĺܶ䣬Ҳĺܶ䡣
ֻûе£ֻҲǰɡ
߽޹ʱĺ¥ʱĸֻ䣬˵ôһ˶࣬ҲĽϧѣǶԾЦݡ
ôĹҲ֪һ˻˭
ߵױ̨ǰſտҲ棬ǰǸױƣѾǿտҲˡ
˵Ӿɨⲻ˻һ㱡Ļҡ
һ£ıӰһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ﳽһ˰ǻϵˣǻȡĻʺ
ﳽһעҸġ
Ϊ˭ûı¿ɹעһ
ϣŴ̫ϻʵı飬ֻĺѻ̫ϻһˡ
պȻͷǣ˵ǰ˵ﳽһ˻ʲôӣ᲻ļϵǸˣ
ū澲֪




388 
 

޵һƬž˾þòѣѾ
Ųǰɡ
ǸӰСϳɣԸǵöʱΪ̫̲Żˣⲻ֪ġ
һ㣬治֪˭
ūȻϣסŮӻǻǵģѽľǸһ¡˵
ųģҲ˵ġ
Ȼϣҵǵˣ߲£µ㱣Լߣôߡ
պȻ̾һижӣ߳޵Ƶɫһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ǰѽľǸһ£¥ʱöʱĲ˼鰡
һڰӲ¥ʱӡ
ǻǰǾԲԼôİһ˵ġ
񣬲ˣˡ
ж︣ǸŲʲôָԺرʸأ˵꣬ڰ֣źԺȥ
ǿմ󲽶ȥıӰЦЦ֮︡ЩȻˡ
ˣС飬ǸŲʲôõ¾ͺˡ
˻صṬʱһõĻݣȥͦÿġ
Կһۣʰ֮¥ʱĽѧ
վһߣĻ嵽ƿ
ʱͿһĻ
òμ֣ɩϥ
֣š
ȥߣµĲ廨Ļþûкͻɩô˵˵ˡ
ܺ˵˲࣬ܺ˵ϻ˸١
ЩǲⰲǸڣԼֻҪ¼
ϻɩ֮ǰôŹġ
ԺǡЦЦһ仨޽ǡ
һ㶣Ҫֽ̧޽ǵĻ
ţÿ
Σɩöˣʲô
⻰Ͳˡһˣ˵ŮأܵʲôʱҪĶˣǰһǱøˡ
ΣӲǱյ˵ˡ
ǶŲ
ˣⰲСأʵ˵֮󣬿һԡ
˵ⰲҲͬĸֵܡ
Ǻڴ󽫾ڣЩӣȻҪȥĥԼȻ
յͷ뷨ֻÿ佱һ˳Զٷ۾ۡ
ףϰڳȥ֪ͨһⰲϻԷ۾ۡ
յĽѧʱһ䡣
̧һҾ׼뿪ʱպסˡ
ʦһҾʦкηԸ
տһºͺ͵ˣԹʦ縸ĸڣǰӣǵùԣ֪𣿡
Կգصͷ˵ͽ֪ˣлʦ
¥ʱ˵ʱ
̧һҾˡ
ӵıӰӲûдϿӰӡ
ⲻ񰡣еأǡա
ĶӣеĿڡ
յͷЦǲǲ񣿡
ԣ⺢ӵϸͿӰӣеصӰӡޱȳʵĿ˵
¥ʱߣ޼֦ɣδ˵ʲô
ն˶٣˵Ƕҽ̵ģѧºͺ͵Ƣ
΢΢һ飬ǫӣϷŰɩƢίʵºͺ͵ġ˵һЩӻµҪء
տһĿڣ˵˵Ӿǽ̵ģѲɻ𣿡
֣ºͺͣ
˪ˣֱǲºͺ͵ӡ
}ûŰ
þãɩǲº͵ģֻܻɩˡ
տһ¥ʱһ⡣
¥ʱ̧Դδ˵ʲôѾӶ¶ġ
ˣȻͺĽ
ǻû飬ֻ̫̫̫߹
ӵԼҸĸҪһ۵Ϣüǽġ
һҲˣзһҺͳһҡ
ӣǿǿ¡
ԹһȺ˾;ںԺﴵŷŹϹ
С˵Ц̸
أ쵽СǱߣǴֳһƬ
¥ʱһߣһԲĿȴǽա
Цĳ棬Ȼźˡ
ͦõġ
¥ʱֱߵһѹӿǣһԵĵȴĹʣڵ̫ϻʣԲ𣿡
¥ʱһۼ񣬵Բˡ
ֻҪڣܼǲǵãоԲ
Ц֣Ͱˡ
ȻܿԼҸʺĸ֮Ļġ
ֻǣԽ԰ҪͻԽߣҪɫ뷨ͻԽ͡
õİ֮ĥͿЯֹôܻôһء
ĸŮӣҲôһ




389 Ӧõ
 

ۣĸ㣬ˣˣˣ巹ĹĵĿա
ʼ򣬲˵Լ˵ˣ
Ͱ͵Դ߷߲ƽĹ棬ĸˣˣߣ۸ӣɳܡ
¥ʱһ巵ԴĿ⣬ڣĸԣԼȥ²Ϊ
巿¥ʱƿԲ˵еԱˡ
׵ģ׸ʰ
ĪĿ巡
ʣ˻ƫĸ׻ʲôأĿڡ
ͿˣֻҪһĸ󣬲ǶǴڸ棬ĸԶǶԵġ
ܣ
㳭𾭡¥ʱڣ󲻽볭𣿡
˶ɡҲˡ
¥ʱһˣǣ׼뿪ȥɢɢԱ㡣
뿪֮һſίίĿڣܣȫǲ
˼ǸװﺢӣϣǸʰĸ󣬲۶Դְ﷨ܰ
ϰ߾ͺá㵭˵
Լһ⻰ˡ
εĿ˵С̫ϻʧõıܰ𣿡
ԺҲһվСߣ۶Դġ˵һ䣬һ档
巹ӿλ壬࣬ǿǿ˵
аɣҶϰˡ
ڵС㲻ǲ֪ĸӣ𣿡
š巵ͷ̾һĸӡ
һ͵ˣҪŪŪ˲˵жȸ״ͷ۰
˲ȻʧЦ
˵γǱ̫ϻʳġ
˳ȻǻԽԽɣС

¥ʱɢˣһȺ˻һ
ҨһвסˣԼżŮ
ߡ
˲δȥ棬Ǻͷһ˵ʱ̫ϻǱһĲ񡣡
ôºͣǽ˶̫Ľѡ
ɷǿ󣬶ŮΪġ
޷˲Ľ
ЦЦ
̫ϻһֱǱֻѧ̫ﰡ¶˲º͡ѾЩºۼŮˣ︡Щá
û̫֮ǰ粻ıûߣĻϻǿƢǱˣɵҲ̫
˿ŷﻰĻ䣬׷ݵǰ
ʵ̫ϻʵĴ٣Ψеļ棬̫ϻʶһЦƺˣ߸˹ˣһĴڡ
̫ϻһλѪɷ򣬸ס
˵̫ǽĽ
̫̫ϻʵĵ̫߰Ǻø˲˵һ䡣
ø
ãһжԼģûĸҲнĽʱ
Ӧõġ
һ㶣ŷֻŴļˡ
ʷأǻʺлϵʱʾѹңְѳֳ巵޺֮ǣ֮һͳϯ
ռ껪
˺ȻΪʲôô˵ˡ
ȷʵ̫Ӧõġ

һߣɫˣҪߴż˻ȥ
ֻ⼸ˣߡ
¥ʱֽմˣһۻǽˡ
ա
Թ緹֮ʷپ͹ˡ
μ̫ʷʰ
հ֣㣬˵Ҫʲô
̧һҾĸ󣬶ʷٸĸ͸дһǡ
һ㶣ЩĿڣΪʲô뷨˵
ڣʷ϶ĸļز࣬ʷٸĸдһǣʱҲúŮѧϰһ
˷򸾵ĻȻ뷨
Խվʹˡ
Ҳܾĺģһ뵽ֿΪŮѧϰĿģеСġ
ʷ̧һҾǰ鲻ٺ˽⣬Щطָһ
ֱǣǱӣʲôľ
ʷٸϽһҾǾˡ
λǻʺܶ࣬ʷǼҲǴǻʺģԼЩǻʺĴǣǺܿļ
˵ҿ˲Ȥĵ顣տ㣬һӡ
㿴գΪ˵ĸʾ
Ŷ˾ͷûٺҸ״˵㸸һС
治ɫĿգڵ񸸻ʲǺ𣿡
ǣסˣλǳҲǳ𱨸
£շһ䣬һۣǺõĲѧѧģ㸸粻ƢһԲϾ壬Ǻ£
һʱԡ




390 ͼ
 

˵ˣտ㣬ɫڡ
΢΢üƬ֮Լĸ˵Ǽ顣
ɫˣЩ±˻߳
̾һѶᡣ
˵ٴĵĬĬա
ˣˡеԱİڰ֣Һ㸸Ҫ̳ܽһ֣պעУҪѧ㸸ǸƢ֪𣿡
ԹԵͷ
ĸĸ󣬹ȻָһԴǵָԼԼ
ʵֻҪðʳ˾Ǹþ
ȥʱ򣬾ͿԼſڲ֪վ˶á
ȻԼĸǰǸΪӽ̵Լ⡭
ĸԣҵЩƢҪѧ¥ʱļ򣬡ҲǴˣЩǲʣҲߴ󣬲Ҫ͡
˵꣬¥ʱ߽ȥˡ
ͷһۣͳȥ
Լĸĸĺܺá
أܽ͡

գҫϢȥˣ׸ǲ
Ϣһһ㶼⡣
λҲ÷ˣҸҲĿãһҲ֮еģֻϧԼҵĺûˡ
ͻ֮󣬲Ӳù
ΪϯСҪ˹黹ҪЩġ
˵Щ˵д裬д裬ʵǶ
о¥ʱĵѡ
Ƕ̶һµʱ֮У书ͻͽⶼ鹦ڳһȺˡ
˵ˮȣǺ͹µĸҲǺ˺ܶࡣ
˴ٽ﹬Խ֡
һҲôһŮȻֵĴٴ졣
¥ʱͲôˣΪ˲ԼóȥЩ
˵׸ɵ׳֮ԼļңԼĺӡ
Ǹӣգ۵ĹҪˡ
մӿⷿͿ¥ʱϣɹ̫ء
ӴҪɼҵģǵҲǵ¥ʱһſһ䣬ˡ
¥ʱˣȥʲôˣ
Ҷȥ̧¥ʱգڵʹܽҪʱ
¥ʱͷյĶͷڵ
ڸǰȻ뿴ܿģŮǰԶ޶ġ
ʲôտ
¥ʱδ˵ֻǽ§һЩ
ֻĻֻҲ᲻ԼŮԶްɡ
ڵ飬ų׾ǺܸӣԶޣֻĻõ˸ˡ
Ȼ˵ҲͲˡ
ȹӸÿų׵մϣ϶ƯӡЦſڡ
¥ʱһˣ˵ǡ
ղ
ˣһ㶼ֱֵס¥ʱĲӣһڡ
ԣ¥ʱӱ
ţǴǲӡ
˺ˣȥͶС
˵꣬Ǿˡ
¥ʱıӰ̾һ
ԵʮױǳǳҲôɡ
ãܿһУնҲһְοɡ
ȥ˵һ䣬ū˵ϸ׼Ķɶˣֻ±ȵ㵱ޡ
տһǣЦҿˣʤҵꡣ
Ϻ͹á˵һ䡣
źľ̵ӡ
ͦõġղͷһǣȻʵǣ㻹ǵû𣿡
ǺȻԼʧˡ
ū澡Ѿǵˡǻһ£ǶԵļѾģˡ
ճĬߵܹ
ѡĶ˵ԼĸˣŶͳӭӡ
ĸ󣡡ʰ֮ȥյĸ첲ЦĿڣĸָʲôأ
¡ȥԡ
ƿӣһ׵ĺɫ£һ۹ȥϲĲС
Ưȹ
ĸ󣬺úÿȹӡ巿գЦſ˵
巵Դ˵ϲȥԡ
巵ͷӶȹӽȥ
ԼĪʱױ巾ͳ
һ£ͷڡ
︡Щޣȥ巵ĸ첲ЦſڵתȦȦĸơ
巵ͷ˺󼸲ȹת
òɷޡ
һΧ۵ļĿ޵Ŀ巡
ĺ
ųǻʺò£һҲǡ
Ŀޣ巵Ͽ˵ǰӰӡ
ֻº͵ȣ˼ֵַĸо
ҵųˣÿǣ巵֣һ²ҡϵա
巶ȹӼǰ֣ĸҵһμôÿȹӡ




391 ǰϦ
 

տϲ̧ԴڵһһλŸģӺ뷨ʧˣ¾ôһףúϧʱ򴫸ĺӡ
ʹĵͷ
¥ʱ߽ĸŮһۻϣſ巡
ȥϸһºһЩÿ
ʶûо޵ĸо죬ʿ϶ƭ
¥ʱָ̧һԱûУÿֻĸȹӱȺÿ
һ飬εĿԼʣʣҪˣͲ˵Ư𣿾͵Ǻ
ĸÿ¥ʱһգ巣˵ţƯĳÿǸڸⲻǡ
巿¥ʱӣ֡
¥ʱ̾һպȥ˱Ǵˣϲô
Ǹʺĸ߶Ϊΰ飬ϣԼԺҲĸҸ己˱¥ʱ֮ɿˣѾЩʪˡ
¥ʱóһݸ巣ڵĸҵģҰ㣬ԸһƽǣҸ
巽ӹ壬Щĥ·Ȼʣǲǻһ밡
¥ʱա
մӻóһ룬ݸ巣ϣܽõİȥ
߬壬ʹĵͷ֪ˡ
¥ʱһ֮Ȼʹˡ
巿뿪ıӰͷ壬ʱۿ
ԴӵʳǣҪʲôʲôʲôͿʲôʲԴǣĸ˵ԴײʣĸҲǺܳԼ
л֣г壬үү
ͷҪȥԽܡ
ÿ˶ᾭġ
˳ŵС˵ӣݵתڴҲҪЩ̻̲
ϲڴҲȱδãȻ
ĸһҸ
ȥϥһ񣬡СϲӲܿ޿䣬ʱոǲܿ޵ġ
Ӳ˲ᣬЩϸƵݣڵ֪ˣлǹù㡣
СգСױū澸ˡϥһ
뿪ˣҲȥ·ˡ
ߡ
ǣںǽ֮¡
᲻?¥ʱͷգһ䡣
ձĸ첲ͷ˵һȹҾ뵽ǰǸʱʢûٺŸɣҲſģţҺȻͲˡ
ӶҪˣǶˣĽŲҲƽˣ֪ݻŵʲôʱ
ǻˣǻȥ
ȥˣ¥ʱһ
ӡ¥ʱıǼ⣬ЩЦ⡣
ɲ
ǵǵԼſģͷҪ壬ֶȤζҲǽ޿κΡ
ҲûֻԼˡ
պȻͷĿ˵¥ʱ㲻ᶪҵģ𣿡
ԡ¥ʱƶĵͷ
¥ʱ§ڻ˵˼Щʲôذɡ
Ŷ
չԾĸ¥ʱṬȥ

ɵ׼֮е
죬첻ˡ
µױһȥ˷ܹ
已űʱ򣬾ͿԼĸһˡ
ĸ󣬺þûмôúõĴԼˡȥյ֣һȦ
Цˡ
СǴ飬Ͳ𣿡εĿڣùȥˮ
ץץͷεĿڣš
ϰû˯ţȻ粻Ǻ
ĸ󰡣ܲ˯һ巻յĸ첲žеģ⻹ء
տˣ̧ԴڵС
Сһ壬Ӧһ
ǺЦſˣȥԡˡ
һߣĿΣ
Ҫ˵ˣô԰
š
һߵϥһ񣬶ȥ׼ˡ
Ϊǳ飬糯ȡˣӼǾٹͬ졣
ѵ˯һȻȥṬȥ¥ʱ
¥ʱҲǲ֮͹ˡ
˳ԹţһԼȥܹˡ
ܹæҲϲ졣
ҲȥﵹæԺġ
ڡ
տŻ˯Сˡ
Уڴ֮ǰҪȥ棬ȥ㻯ױ¾ҪãȷҪĳף
һ飬ȻˣԼĸ֬ˮۣĬĬͿĨ
ʱ
ֻйŶææ
Ҫôʱ䣿ù֮ЩȵĿԼʡ
¥ʱףҲôһŮĸȻϣӼˣ⻨Щʱ䡣
飬Ҳǻ˲ʱ䡣




392 
 

ŵʱ򣬳ȼˡ
ʰ֮һ޹ķ򣬿ڵûŪã
ͷſ˵ⶼһˣʱ䣬Ҫӭˡ
ʱǲˡ濴һۣһЦݣû£Сúô磬ʱһѺ֡
ǾǣҲ֪ǴĶðſڵǸҪ׿ɲף
¥ʱһ⺢ӣͷԷû˵ʲô
ûһճˡ
Է¥ʱ󻹰ʢһ
ȥ£ͷԷ
˳ԱˣʱҲͲˡ
Զ
ѾĦȭ׼õɹٵ׼ˡ
ղͷ¥ʱҴǺ֮Ҹһ˰ɡ
¥ʱ̧յԴδ˵
һɫϲ˽ü˸
ǣֻҪ¥ʱǶһվٶ࣬ѹһͷ
ǰ̧һҾ̫ϻʡ
¥ʱִ̧˲ĻЩӣڣľ
еͣͰ͵Ŀڣʣ
¥ʱ̧һҾĸ󣬶ǰӹ븸ĸӦʣ
տһ۲ЩЦ⡣
Ǽ顣
𲻴Ӧɲ˵㣬ǡ̧һָ
˳߿ȥͿüλſڣ軵ЦݸҪֻǲס
ڲҲҪȥģ
տһȺڵСӣ︡ϵЦݡ
е٣ⰲˡ
⺢ӡȺֵ׵Ǹˣҡͷյɩ֣⺢ӡ
޷öûֹˡ֣ȥţ˵ɡ
ǼڣҲǶչغš
ͷȻͳ޹ȥ
˵ڵףǣҲ÷ִ磬ٲоǵϿɣԼ໻ˡ
ˣˣΪˣȥɡףͷУҲΪˡ
ס˲ȥ·Ȼʼ˹ӡ
֣ϲӣֻǲװɣĬĬһ䱸ӡ
㿴ڣ޷֡
˵꣬˾ʧԭء
Ŵˣգգ۾һĹۿ
ԭȰܵļ˳Ъ˼
ãλֻҪȥҾǺõˣȰܣ˰ɡ
󣬻¥ʱ֣˲ſϰݡ
¥ʱһҾͳ޹߽ȥ
Ŵ򿪵˲䣬ŵĲУʱֻŵʱˡ
ȥ
Ҳ֪˭һߵڡ
ļҲȥңûһͿǣ巳ˡ
һ£ͷڣĲɷޡ
巺Ͳߵ¥ʱǰ
ĸ͹Ԯ֣ĸ֮Ϊһͷ
˵ֱֿ꣬һлʽң£һ࣬һ
ǵþͺá¥ʱڡ
巿Լĸĸ̧֣ݱ𸸻ĸףĸԶôҸȥ
˵꣬ͷۿҲˡ
ĬĬͷ̧档
¥ʱ˷ԼС已ᣬƯĹޣ˾ͲÿˣǾͻţ
ţʹĵͷշۿȻȥסĸ󣡡
գգ۾ȰĿڵȥɣҵĹԺҪҸ
ĸ󣬶Ժߣ㲻Ҫ̰ˣоٺȾƣҪǸ
˵ֱ꣬ӽƵ˲ߣûĿڵȥȥȥϽȥ
Ŀգ󱻲ǣųȥˡ
¥ʱֽȦڻ棬ֵĳڵޣԡ
ˣĿǶϣ歸пڵС̫ֻϧ̫ﲢδЦôҸ
ˣǺʢ󣬵ûĻ֡
ֻ˻ؿ꣬һ˷ǵĸоɡ
歿һ񣬵ڣ̫ϻʽӣҲܰĲǡ
Цˡ
ģͺڣǰģߣҴȥҲ֡
˵꣬ǣ歾͸Ŷˡ
קˡ
һȺ½½뿪˷ܹĬĬʰš
ջ֮󣬺۾¥ʱҲȥɡ
ǻδ˵¥ʱҪѹͲȥˣȥϢһȥܰ񡣡
ȥ˵꣬¥ʱ־ˡ
¥ʱյĽŲס֣Ȼ󲽸顣
˾ں濴ţǼʱҲںΧۡ
ֻ˻ͷܿѰ˸߳һصա
¥ʱıġ
һȥ¥ʱˣȻӡ




393 ó
 

死ͷһۣͿȺգͷ̫ϻʺĺܺð
Ϸ޵ģǺʱһ衣
ڼˣͷĽ
ŲĽҼá˵żˣ̵ġ
ͳȺǰ켣棬ϷŰĿڵȷͷ
šεĿڡ
¥ʱȻ˷˵ϣ޷ں棬ͷ
Щ˶ǹעźͲˣٻͷǡ
ЦЦ
ȥǰ棬Һ˵˵¥ʱ˵
¥ʱͷͳǰȥˡ
վں档
кθ룿Цһ䡣
汧Ÿ첲̾Ϣ;ͦҸģȻҲҸǡǡ
εЦҸɼЩҲܲ
Һͳһμ棬ǸһҿߣӴ֣ڣһԲϾܴ˵ţ޿κεҡͷҲ֪ҡ
ִ̧ϣ֪ɡ
ԣ֪㡣Цˣ˵ңһ˺ܶȤء
զ࣬˵ȥ𣿡
ϾǶʱü棬Ҳˡ
ԣһβŵ㰡һֱȹʱ䣬Һͳȥ
ϵҲ֮࣬һϾҲĸȻҪȥġ
̫

ջͷͿͻ
ԣӦ̫ͻ̫ˡ
𰲡ϥ
񣬡λ̫𰲡
̫ЦЦ֣˲ؿ
£տڡ
˵Ҳкܾûмλˡ
̫һóʵȥСˣ˼뻹ǾһݱףСͷϡ
ˣԸǰɡ
⡭̫Щԥ
ֲǼˣϵľϯҲϯʱԸǡտڡ
˻һۣͷ
Ҳͱȥˣȥɡտڵ
˵ͷȻǰȥˡ
濴λӰڵϵǻ֮Ҳֻλ̫ڹסͱȥˡ
ˡձֱۣҲ֪һǲҡ
뱲ܻѣԼǾԲܡ
˵ʳǾ˰ɡ˵һ䡣
ղɷϡ
һͨһ˾͵˴׼֮
ŲǷ䣬ԼһûˣҲʡһЩʱ䡣
պ¥ʱλϡ
һأ
泯ſڣ
ݸã
λϵ¥ʱ򸾣
޶԰ݣ

ɣ
˾ǵһߺȣ˺Ȼ̧ͷŶԷİ⡣
ѵ
¥ʱĸѵһˡ
巵ĸĸڣȻǲġ
¥ʱˣڣȻᷢΪޣǾͺúЯȥպ֮Ħìܣ๵ͨսΪһˣļϵŮ˳Կࡣ
̧һҾ֪лʽ̻塣
лʽ̻壬պ󶨵ׯڼּңԣøĸŵģ̇Ҿڵ
¥ʱ֡
տˣһʱ侹Ȼ֪˵ʲô
Ƭ̣յĸСĸֻϣⱲӻԸǲ˵ʲôׯڼּҵ滰ҲҪԼҪӣҪԼ
ʿڣ֪лĸ̻壡
һߵĴĬĬţһ仰˵
ˣλ̫Ƣֲǲ֪̲ҲôһŮô˵֮еġ

յĲ̧һҾڣ
ҽҵŮ㣬Ҫˣˣˣ˿Ū㣬
̧һҾĿڣĸ̻壬ùÿ쿪ĵģùѹˣ
úùӣᣬӻ԰Ǵϯɡ˵꣬֡
ȫһʱҲʱˡ
ϯ
մӵ
¥ʱڣˣ
ӻûأ
ţղͷ¥ʱЦĿԼŮҲ
¥ʱһھܾ
̫ˣһ㹻ˣʲôģԼ
Ρ
ɰĺӰ治
¥ʱƱ˼Ҵ
ѵ⼸Ӷˣ徲ĹԼ
ҪŪû
Ҵˡվٱڳ¥ʱΣա
ô
ԼҲһ




394 ֣ϣ
 

ֵľϯ֮պ¥ʱǣֻشṬ
ڷܹ·档
ҹȻǲô˯ġ

巴֮󣬲˵Ŀͷϡ
󹬿޺ô̫ϻʹҲЩӵġ
̫Ĺĳ˰
ٳҲ̫ϻʺ̫⣬ȥߴ߻ϣκλһԾǺõˣ߻ϳףأ
һ룬ˡ
ǿ㣬ǻ𼱻ˣ·èצһ
¶ҪĸˣϻһϢûУ⣬⡭
ϰ!
ܲѧ̫ϻ𣿣
㶼Ҫ֮ˣʱԷˡ
Ҫ̫ϻһҲǿԵģŪ̫ɣ
ɾ㳼ټ㱾һ㶼ż֡
巵һ̥֮Ѿڣɲÿյɵÿ£ʡ
ϳĥӲݣѡ˷
ʯĳĻ˵˵̫ϻʺ̫˵
ˣɡ
巵ĺӴһ㣬¥ʱվͰȥׯ԰סš
ɽԣĵʱµظɻɸҰժźʱʱŲԲȡ
ڼ䣬һΣհȻͻȥˣ
еУʱúܿ졣
巵ĺӻ·ʱĺĶˡ
ǸԱݵ飬ϯܳСӹﷳܳ棬Ȼ΢˽õ㡣
Ϥλĵһμ治ô죬ںῴۣžԵְɡ

һӺԺͿԺѾ˼ˡ
ʰ
Ӵ겻㵹һ㶼ûб䡣սݸ¥ʱ֮󣬺ϯ˵
һǵһμˡ
ϯ̧һҾʦ㣬һ㻹һò
һߵС￴ԼҸʺλðŮˣգգ۾е㷴Ӧ
հ֣ϯߵСĺϯ񰡡
տԼŮϯĽһ£ҵŮ塣
ףڵϣӹ¥ʱ
վҪʲôսʵݹȥѯʡ
ӹһϯ֮󣬵̸¡
ϯһ㣬Եûж٣ﵽǲ
òĹŮôһˣȻ˺б£ɲˬ
¥ʱһϯ顣
ȻãҲܰԧ첻ǣտڡ
ϯҲܲӣҪǴ򲻹Ȼǲͬ⡣
֣Ǿѡհɡϯ̾Ϣ
¥ʱһ㣬ϯҺȥԱϯ⡣
ԣҹѾͷȥˡϯڡ
ʦ̳ĺӣǸˣġ
ΪǺ׾¼ޣȻã򣬾պû˸飬СҲ
ֻҪһ죬ȻҲڴϯίˡ
սϵժݸϯ壬ڵŮģûʲô߰ӣֱ֮ҺסǣҪ۸㾡˵ұ֤㲻
ϯܳĿգﱻǿӣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôǺá
εĿԼĸ󣬡ĸͲȥס𣿡
ȥڡհڰ֡
ϯ忴һ㣬ڣл̫񰮡
Թߣʡ
ϯͷ
ӴϯȥԺˡ
˽µûôˣǶλеĳϯ嵽Щηġ
ţֲˡսӵݹȥ
ϯץţ˵һлл
أһԴǣ㲻Ҫ٣ȥܡߵӱߣͷһе۵Сڡ
ϯͷе㲻˼ˣңң֪ԼƢãһĵģһŬѧһϸĻʺ󣬾ǣֲĵطܲ߶ﰡ
СЦ԰ﷳ˾͹
ϯͷ
ղЦеĿڣŮҺ˵ǰʮĻʺƢͳǰȽǱ䱾ˣȫ¹ҲϹġ
ϯ循ȵĿգʿˮ૿ڣʷ￴涼˵䣬£ϳɾͰҵ
Ϊ¡̧ϯԴ㻹ᣬ׽ߣҲҪΪ˭ȥıԼԼͺãҪҲС֪𣿡
ϯĿȵĿգһʱжѡ
Լĸ˵ˣԼĸƢȻɷϲġ
ԼδȴԼ˵ظģԼͺãҪıԼӭϱˡ
⣬ţԼܲϲ




395 
 

һ֧ɻͷȵӣЦЦɻݸ
ϯӹɻգһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
˼Щηϯ壬˵Ů뵽Լ޵ôԶк¹𣿡
ϯ㶣йǼ֮󣬾ûˡ
ǺϲϲģҲԼ޹֮һϿţӻüѡ
գԼǰЩ뷨Ƕġ
ݸ
лãõ¥ʱӺϯҹ
Թ˾ˡ
¥ʱۻȥɢˡ
ʲôأ¥ʱսյ֣˼ӣѯһ䡣
ջع¥ʱصĻ¡
ţ¥ʱһ䡣
Сǵڶ㣬Ҫʮˣһˡƺһ
¥ʱü㲻ǴӲҲߴٵ𣿡
ֻҪտڴһߣֻҲǻһģûдߴ٣ȴ˵ⲻì
ܲΪӦһϲİɣտһ¥ʱ
¥ʱ÷λܵĶ֡


ϯϯˣϤ׵Ķ鵽·ˡ
ʡ
ϯŰſһԴĹ֣
ϯС֮ܽЩŤĿ˵ʣǸ
°˵СϯȰЦȲˣ
Уǣǡϯ徾ȹڣŤߵСŮϯȰᡣ
ϯ棬ڵ㲻ǻôȲˣ
ǸʣǰΪļ޹ȥ֮ͳദǼ֮󣬾;ǰϹġ
ϯ˵꣬Ц
ϯ⻹Щ㽵ӣ΢΢һ飬֪˵ʲô
λɲʲôˣá
ϯĻû˵ͱˣʣ̫Զܺõġ
һˣϯҲЦˣɫ֪ʦǸ˻̣ƽһҲûʲôˣ޹ȥǲίġ
ϯ忴ϯʸʣ巵ۺ̫İ°ɣ֮Ĺһã
ϯϯӣ΢΢һ飬ȥ㡣
ɲ֪˵İ¡
⺢Ҳǵģڲϲʦ㣬ɵϲģԼ飬ӦԼ
𰡣ʣͺͶ˵˵ϯ
Щص£Ȼǲ֪ģ㸸ĸİ顣
˵ģ
ϯЭˣǱϯĥûз˰ɣ˵¥ʱ򸾵顣
֮еİǻԵô

ϯÿϯ彲һ㡣
Լǹ̫׵Ķϯûкϯ彲ꡣ
ϯ޵ϯ֮ʱȥա
ÿιǲ˵ǵĹ¡
¾Ͷ˵һЩû¾Ͳ˵ˡ
ϯĵһ̥游ĸİ齵ġ
Ҳʦȥϵˡ
ֻû뵽һ𣬾
ĵڶӳ¥ʱվȥˡ
һȥţû֪ȥĶʳЩҲûһš
ϳףûл
õ˶ˣһϻˡ
С巼ҵĹǹСʱһģһ˵ǺĸһƤ
ˣҲֻա
ͷʦֵʱһ
ŮТ˳ֻЩź֪֮ܲڼ̫ϻʺ̫ˡ
εĹһˣˡ
ֻ߶һСĹŵӣҲǹһεˡ
ʱţǵ巵ۺͳǻʺԽԽ١
һ֮УǵԼֻ巵Ĺĳӡ
ӡ棬游ĸӰ룬游ЦĸͰףʷصһ㶼ͬ
Ҳֻ̫ѧʱŻλš
۴ʷٸԼĸдԴ澡Ǵƽ
Ȿ۴ӲԹ涨ÿ˱Ҫꡣ
ǰΨһźôԼĸĸϢ
Եڶӽ֮һμ

ϯĵһλһλⱾ۴ǻ˱ؿ
治ǰļ¼Ǻܶ೯ļ¼
Ȿ۴Ҳ˵ߣĺܶǽĺ÷ӡ
ϯ𣬶֧飬Ɑ۴ࡣ
ֻϧž޵ˣĽǿհס
λȥҰʷķᣬе˵ˣе˵Ƿˣ˵ǲϲͷȺĶޣǡ
˵硣һ׼ȷ
ţ֪ʷλõĽ˰ɡ




396 ⣨һ
 

ˣˣˡ
ϡ
ڴϵС﷭Դ󱻷ĲУֱ˱ӣ۾ųſȥ
Ŵ򿪡
ڰǿˣҪˬԼ𣿰㿴˯СɸֵĿڡ
Сƺûߵɳϼ˯
գ㻹ҪҪˣһŭ쳹
ɳСﱻŵһ飬۾ǰŮˣĿһ
Ҫʲô
㿴һ޹С΢΢һ飬ҵĴС㰡ҪȥԡﰮŮһ
պȻȽ˵ȥ
䡣
վھǰ۵ÿˮСĿֻš
¥ʱأ
ΪʲôصŮʱڣ
ҵСڰʱҪˣ
ţ
㶣ˮͷˮϴޱĳһ򵥵·ţԽ㳯ȥ
㶣֪Ҳû˵ʲô뿪
ϡ
Ӱͳһݾ籾ݹȥҵĴС㣬㵽ʱɱһȥˣΪĥݼСƢѹһѹ֪𣿡
ȻҪȦӣݼҪĶ
սӹ籾һۣڽ߶߶ĻӦһ
Сȷʵġ
ϲƷĴС㣬ҲᣬֻǸǵĴС㡣
˵ҲǿЦԼΪʲôźúõĴС㲻Ҫǵģ
ϲµĸоɡ
ϲƷ̲һǧɲ˵ҵҲܵ˻ԵĴ
¥ЩҪôǾӣҪôǱ
ԼǸġ
ǸʱԼʮꡣ
ΪޣΪ˱ԼײվˣŪ֮УǴ
Ȧӣǰ;ˡ
ִӵĸоκεĶҪ֪
ǰźžûлøɡ
񣬳˸磬Ҳֻ¥ʱˡ
ԼĻᣬǾֲź˳ſܲܰԼһ
ҲˣǾɡ
˼۾籾ֻоͺˣһ۾סЩӿĸ顣
״һʱ䲻֪˵ʲôǺá
á
ԵĵطҪŶӣԽһȺ˺͵ݵ̸һȻվͽȥˡ
λ泯ĴСݺͼ綼ˡ
ﰮͶʷϲƷλϲƷС㣬ҪݼãӰ׼ˡ
ʵ˵ԣҲֻ˹ѡ
λС㿴ĸɫǸɫġ
ִ̧˵ݵĻ˵˵
ʵϣԼݼǾû˵ġ
ĬĬ͡
λС̫ˡ
ﰮէһǸ磬һֲ硣
ŮǸʦǸ
ܿһŰ
ǣ粻ǷһŰ
ŮŮãѾ֣ɱ˱ϲ֪ԼĽ㣬Ůʹɱֵʱͬھ
ŮΪ˱ӻԼãȻɥĲץƭñˣȻúйͬھ֮һ˹¶ϡ
νǾŰġ
һŮûɢһΣĿ޺ֱǽ˿ļƤֱð
ˣе᲻
ȻһվˣƷӣŲ۵գĿڣԶԶԣľѿģ
û뵽λСݼôľ˰
֪ŮһɫǶˣҪĲֻŮһŮŮǽã趨ĳ˫̥Ļǲǻ᲻
ŮͬǳʣҲҪ
Ҫ˼ȵĿʮСҪһ˷ǣ
ⲻڸ
ݼҲôİһһ˰
ԡտЩĵݣƶڡҡ
뵽λСıֻӦ¡
ˣզ˰ɣϲƷﲻ𰡣һںúһø
뿪֮ԵĴžҪĽɫɡ
뿪ʼ㻹һµʱȲһԼµʲȻʼ취׬Ǯ
ڳﱸľʱյѾһ
µĸ㣬֮վѧУ
㿴λԵòеڣֻýгѹסȥ顣
ﰮʱŮİ߾˵ڶ飬û
һڶϵСȻ֪ݣҲܲŵõϲƷλС㡣
ǾһƿʲôݼӰɡ
˷ȥ뷨
ﰮӳʱŮİ߷żˣûгϯ
Ϊֵȥķ˿ŮȦˡ




397 (
 

տݼƯһ˷ǣֱǱŮ
ڲ˷յʱڸʲôأ
ר־顣
Ѿѧ֪ʶڶһѶȶûУ
һֱ˴ѧ
šﰮȶȣյҲ˺̼ܶ࣬ҶҪԡ
ɸѡ֮տˣ۵һûС
Щɫе䲻Сݡ
ӻڹеϻɫȻȲ
ֻЩӶܾˣһ߷ɧʱһź
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405 ⣨ʮ
 

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406 ⣨ʮһ
 

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ǸǸ......һСﱧ鱾Щ˼Ŀڣº͵Ŀ֮£׳ŵӿڣС㣬˿㣬ܸǩ𣿡
С㣬Ƿ˿Ǹյİơ
ΪԵǸС㣬ȻǴС㡣
ղȥ̸ȥӰҲӣȫ伣һ㣬Ҫʮ»и̬ǶΪԼİˡ
Ƿ˸ʲôԵ
ˣԼϲİҲҪȥ
յͷ԰
СϲĿգȻıʼǱȥ
ùʣͷд
úѧϰϣиõδδ
һףĻԼ֡
սʼǱݹȥˣϽȥϴ˯ɡ
СﱧűʼǱƺںǻ챦
ռ⼸ˣô࣬һҲд꣬ѡʣµд𣿡
ã
С˵ʲôʲô
һȺഺڵŮԼİǹԵĿɰ
ѡǩ֮ȺСﾡȻ뿪ˡ
ͦɰģ԰ɣղͷ¥ʱ˵һ䡣
¥ʱ鱾̧ͷ۽üҵЦ⣬ͷš
ԾĴ¥ʱ¶ͳֻѾװϵ绰ֻԼĵ绰ȥȻּ
ҵдôЦеĿˡ
¥ʱƺϤյ뷨ȥ˯Ϸ
һ壬ڣУ԰Ĳϸɲġ
ҸеĿγ̣Ҳ⡣¥ʱ޶ԵĿڡ
ҽ⣡պһ㲻ҴȥСȥ𻹻
¥ʱץסյ֣ڣȸˡ
......¥ʱӣе㻳
Ťͷڵϵˣ㲻㣿
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գգ۾
Ҳˣ뿪֮ˢˢĿ¥ʱ
ʱӣñ°Ȼλ˵еĴС㹴ˣĿڡ
¥ʱժ۾ɫȥ˵һΣ
һʱɫ˵λС䣬ѧ񰡹......
¥ʱ̧üġ
ʱȥȻͿĵϲվ
޳һɫ߿۾ϱָüδĿĮ飬ɾôĽĶ
Ŀ¥ʱû뵽۾֮ôÿһ
ƺܵĶĸоһһµģе죬С¹ײˡ
¥ʱޱĴϺɫ߿۾ֲڶͳȥһûиˡ
һڽճտ¥ʱıӰĶ־ڱصã
ˣ
Ҳ¥ʱҲˣ˸ƾ£ͲܱȵùԼ
Ҳ뿪
Ȼ֪ˣʲôϵǻûкõԴкء




408 ⣨ʮ
 

صᣬ¥ʱȥϴˡ
ľĵӣе㱩ӣͶľСӣûҽʱƺƫ𣿶֮һ˵ĸоǣ......
һʡľĻ
ͷ絷⣬ԶԶԣָо˵ְֲ
һ겻֪𣿡ľῴŴСֵˣƵһߣдҵ
ңһѧдҵ˵꣬׼ȥϷˡ
ľ쬿ڣ԰Ϊȫѹ㣬ҵúúѧϰ
˵꣬¥ʱˣľ֣ʱӣⲻǺܶ˵˵£
һȭֻҲȥҵˡ
ѾϰдҵˣԤϰĿγ̡
¥ʱĴ̼һ˶ʼúѧˡ
¥ʱָľǼ֮󣬾ߵԼϣóֻϷغˣյϢҲˡ
ŮˡߣӮ
¥ʱעĬһ
ȻֶĳˡŮ
ظһ¥ʱȥŶֻϴϷ
ﴫЩĻ¥ʱ治ɫѡһµ
ԾѡһȻ¥ʱ
ô˶ôгꡣ
ƺˣ¥ʱܼǳ
¥ʱԼĶ۾ߣһ䣬ƤҲˡ
һ߲ԼӢۣһ߿ڣأȻңûˣ......
......
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УҴˡ¥ʱ治ɫ˵֮󣬴·ݴһ׼Ͷ·ظȪ
øȥڴǶתƣң
......¥ʱһ
ˣǴһٰɣ͹ˡ
һ֮¥ʱȥsoloˡ
¥ʱ˶ڸȪǶƤ𣿡
ƤˡίĿڡ
¥ʱЦһȻȥͶ
ǱڸȪǶҲĺܶ˰
տϷҪ¥ʱڣֻжˣ
һϷ鶼ûУ
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ƺ֪ԼѾĳ˵ˡ
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ȻԼ˯Ǿ˳˯ɡ
ڶ죬硣
ק¥ʱȥԼᡣ
¥ʱɳϿŲ輸ϵĵԣ˵һˡ
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Ŷ룿սݷ˷ϣҧһι¥ʱߡ
¥ʱȥƵһߣùԼһݳ֭ոǷ
յͷ⸽һҵ֭պóԣĩҴȥ
¥ʱӦһζǲ
պȻ¥ʱСȣ:ιͬѧҪ𣿡
á¥ʱһĿڣĿתĿ⣬˵㣬ǿԡ
ϵЦ˲ҫۡ
áòӲһ¥ʱ
¥ʱҧסȥ˹ĿڣŮá
˵꣬ԼǷҨΪա
Ŀһ¥ʱȻǳȥˡ
Թ緹ɳϿ籾¥ʱŵְ
¥ʱһüһ߿˵˵˵籾ô£
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պȻȻɳϣſϣ£
Ƥˣ¥ʱͷҲصĿ˵
ĻԾĴ
ҿΪôֶܻءղͷ¥ʱգЩĿڣ̫Сְ
......¥ʱü̵ֶ˶٣ڣ֣Ծ¿ڣ
޹һЦûкðɣ
Ƿ˭أ
¥ʱŮԼ׬Ǯҵ
Ժʲô滮ջĲӿһ䡣
¥ʱˣһüһ߿ڵŪ˾Ҿˡ
ģûôҰġ
ʲôҵʲô׸ûǸĿ꣬ǮУȨŮС
û־˰Цſڣɿߵȥϴ롣
¥ʱһ۲δֹ
˯ʱ䱻ְգ¥ʱᣬôܻ˯أȻһ߿籾
Ȼžɺܰ
æµ̧֮ͷܿˣʱƽ˶ٵࡣ
籾治տ֮ԹԽҲ¥ʱҲûŮгرӣֻеŰŮɱ˳ŮһΪŵӣȻɽ¶ˡ
Ŵľ籾¥ʱ˵һ䣬ժ۾ü
մһ䣬ġ
ҪǴĹŴ籾ֻҲʰɣϾ̫һ㣬Ͳһ֮˿פգ顣




409 ⣨ʮģ
 

¥ʱһգƺܸȤ
ռ״ɺ˵һЩ
籾С˵ıģʱóȥһС˵
¥ʱ룬С˵ǻ
ղɵͷô⡣
¥ʱʱûȤϢһͺȥϿΡ
μϢҪǩǽⲻĽĦһԼҰʢա
պһСｲʱǰŮӰһΣˣܲа
⣬ղͷ¥ʱȻЦˣЦе㲻⡣
¥ʱֵ̧ŶͷεĿڣл˵Цú͸Ƶġ
ôƯ𣿡ָԼûĿڡ
¥ʱͷ㡣
Ȼ
˵ɣʲô⣿¥ʱе㲻˼ӣ
տ¥ʱɬݣ˵ο϶Ҫ𣿡
˶һϴɱķӣǽ˴ȶ
¥ʱҡͷᡣѧ
ԭǸӣϷ棬˶ĿҲϲЩ
֮ҲûǸʱȥչһЩ˶Ŀ
գգ۾аɡ
ͲɣҲʮȫʮġ
ŮͷԼ
İ׵ȻǸԵˡ
¥ʱվһľĽ⣬Ȼʾ
й±߹¥ʱǰӣɿڳЦӴС򶼲氡
ץסȥµĳ嶯
קסҪ嶯
¥ʱĿù򣬵ƣһ֮󣬽򶪽ȥ

¥ʱƺ㣬ߵǶݵȻһ

ԭ˵¥ʱõʱϵ͡
ɲǿǻҪбµġ
ľῴ¥ʱһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
Ĳ
¥ʱ򶪸ڣ̫򵥣ûսԡ
൱ǸʱͶֻͶǸ
ľἸ˿¥ʱλǴУ¶ǴеϢ
˺ݻࡣ
УקʲôקбǴһǸܲĿڡ
¥ʱߵС顣
򣡡һЦô̫ˣְҪˣ
ϷеˣǴǿԽڵĦ
ϵԴһ´ȥ˶Χ۹ˡ
һȺСм䡣
С㣬˵˭ӮһС￴ҩζŨҵ˷ܵĿڡ
ǵȻԼҰڵһˣ
ǡձۣСӴǸˣľҲӲǴĶǼˡ
ȻˣԼҰ˾ǲҲ̫
ž֭š
һŮӺȻһ䣬ͬѧǴСĵܵܣ
ԣĳܵܡ
һСգпСŶ뵱Сá
ݸ
һɣ
ϣľᶪȥľ򣡡
˼״Ҫȥء
ľһٶƭǣȻŶȥ
¥ʱ׼ʱǸ½ˡ
ľֱӽݸ¥ʱʱӣ򣡡
ʵɣҲ¥ʱܴܻ򣬵ǹҪеġ
Ź½Լ¥ʱǵȥһ·
Ϊ˵ܵʱ־һ
ѵ
򣬵֡
ۿŮǷ˾
¥ʱľᣬڣΪʲôҪ򣿡
죬ôק
ʾԼ̾
Ϊһ֣¥ʱþǱֻҪɫ
ȻϣȺ˾ѹ¥ʱ򣬿ˣҲǸƲ硣
󲿷ֵ˱¥ʱˣ൱͵ĴһһͶȥ
Ҫѹʱ¥ʱǱ߾ѹסˡ
ѹ¥ʱʱѹסˡ
ĽǱڵĦĦ
һ꣬Ҳˡ
¥ʱժ۾óֽϵĺˮЩӲĴֲԵø롣
ǣʱӣǰ治𣿡źڡ
һ¥ʱļ򣬵Ǹ֤Ĳ档
ͷԡ
šľһ䡣
¥ʱ֣۾ֽ֮ǡ
ֻǱǶ˼ʮѡ
⻰ڼ˶Ǵžǫ˰ɡ
ǸƺǲΪƵĿڣιѧѧУӼҲң
Լܣļ򣬿Ǹ
Ǹͷԡ˵꣬¥ʱˣСԶ㣬ûʸΪͬ




410 ⣨ʮ壩
 

ľἸ˺ȻΧˡ
¥ʱ˹ֽԼɱһ㣬أ
Ҳܻ䣬ҿǺڴǸŵĿڡ
¥ʱ̧ͷĮȥˣתѧ
͡мһЦаֻֻһתѧô
ԡ¥ʱջԼĿ⳯һȥ
⻹ǵһԶˣҪǲɱˣֻԴѾּˡ
˵ǵĿ¥ʱıӰ
ǸҪȻҪȺŹʱӰУǵʱһҪȥ
¥ʱֽͰ棬ߵǰ߰ɡ
֣
¥ʱȥ
С
ǣԶˣһȺСǺϡ
żС˵Ŷγ
ˡ
һߵͳֻ˼ԣϷ
λ¥ʱ˵
յͷֱӵҲǲ˼ǣλҲǿԵġ
ľἸ߹վ׷Ŷļ˴Ǵֺݵġ
һѽչϽ¥ʱsoloˡ
Ȼ......
㣬㣬˶ȪˮǶ򰡣⻹ûϷˡʹļ׵Ŀڡ
ȻˣҲʮմĲԼȻǾȫǱ򰡡
һ¥ʱظȪȻתͰˮˡ
Ҫտ
æ֣ɱС˼䡣
......¥ʱڣsoloһѡ
æ֡
ʱsoloȫ̱𣿣
²ǳԶ˳ŲŰ
Ĭ˰εľ˵ʱˮˣ
˵ı£¥ʱôܻᱻŴأǷˮ
ûС¥ʱڡ
ľ
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¿ˣʦټ˵֮ɢˡ
һȺɢؽҵĻؽңˮˮ
¥ʱƳŽȥ
翴˵ıӰ︡ļ֮ɫ
˻ص棬иСֻˣȻЦĿڣǸ...С㣬ܰ⼸Ƭ𣿡
տСƬ˼£ͷ¥ʱ𣿡
⼸Ƭ¥ʱϷʱģȻûȫҲ
¥ʱҡҡͷ
һת̧ͷǸСɡ
СϲĿգȻֻصλȥ༭ˡ
ѧУأȻǲֻģѧǻ͵͵ĴҲڳ¡
ֻҪڿ棬Ϩƾ޵ʱ棬ʱʦǶһֻ۱һֻۡ
¥ʱαϵݣЩ졣
ѧˣ
¥ʱͷ󲻽һҳĲѣѧôһѶȡ
ճͻѧ飬ѧһҳ΢΢һ顣
˵еѶȣ
ǰѧʮҳˣûѵõһʱ
ս鱾ϣЩĿڣǣЩɶҪеݣļǵס
Ŀ¥ʱһգ˵
ҭס
ǰ;˵ѧϰ츳ӦǲֹǲֱǺõĽ˷ָ
ģ㻹ǵ͵һ㡣¥ʱļɷĿڣ㿴ǿʫ飬ڿԼĿϵ¡
¥ʱָָյ鱾ô˵ԼѾʼӴʿѧҵ
ǰŶ͵Ȼתͷ¥ʱա
ǣʿѧҵ
ǸŮӾȵĿգ׼ȷ˵ϵ顣
ĬĬͷ鱾չŸ
Ů֮ܵƿĿ⣬ⶼʲôȫ
ÿֲ֮ʶһ֮Ͳʶˡ
ԱߵǸȵĿڣСѧҵˣ
յͷȵ˵ָš
˿źԼͬˣʱǴܴ
¥ʱգһ
Լܣտڡ
¥ʱͷ
ղŴ¥ʱڣ벻벻ȻѧԼˣӿɽ̣ӿɽ̣ͣ
˵ţȭͷһĶ
˲ͷͿղȰܣĶ͡
㣬ϽвεĿڡ
ʱӮͷ
ʱӿȥģôܴӮǸЩˡ
ճϵ鳯ȥ
æҵֽסյӣڨڨһЦȻ鱾ͻظգǸ㣬кú˵ҵͬѧͲˡ
ù鱾ϣᡣ
Լ׼ͷеġ
˫ַյĿ˵ҵĽ㰡ʱӵʱһ˵ǹƥȥķ𣿡
ʲôõĵģһȺδɵСӣôܻԼҰ˵Ķ֡




411 ⣨ʮ
 

ĿڣҪϺдһԣ
һ¥ʱȻɷĵͷ԰ҿԳʱһ㡣
......¥ʱ˵е΢ůҪڵĦ
ĬĬ
ͱ˵ܣ治֪˭š
......
һڵĿѧʰŶȥЩ·;ңԶģȻֻܴѧУˣҪؼңֻܵСٻǺ١
¥ʱʰŶ˿ûиԼ֮ǰĽš
˸˿ˡ
ϣ¥ʱһֻ෭Ȼ෭ľᡣ
˼ңȭŹǴСı޿ΰ¥ʱһֻ෭ֱǲҪ̫ˡ
ɴҲ˵¥ʱز¶
ڵϴϷ뵽ʲô˵ʱӣҪǲΣĩʱ𣿡
ⲻһģҲ̫㣬ĩȥʱӡ
¥ʱ룬ûգ벹ΣʱС
պԼҪȥûա
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ľῴһٿ¥ʱ˵ʱӣǰ㵱ֵܲô˵ġ
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ľõ׼濪ڣϲƷĴС㣬ԺҪôףҪô޳ȥݼĶĳ谮Ӧס
㲻ǼߵһҪôǵŮҪôкϲƷı¡
¥ʱף֪ǵڵʲô
϶ǸԸŮˣ԰ɣ˵꣬¥ʱشԹԵ˵㶼֪ϲƷӴһé®СҪϲƷ磬ܵġ
ĲС¥ʱ
ǣʱӺ㣬ȫ԰ߵǸȦӣҲֻߵǸȦӶѣܲվȽŸһ⡣
ϲƷУҲжٸˡ
ңǳ⡣ľ˶٣ȦλСĿ죬ǵ͵ȶȣκζֻǶݵϲ֮Ժ㶮˼𣿡
¥ʱˣˡ
Ǿֻӵȶȣ
ľͷ
ҿݽȥĺ˵ҽ㣬Ҳֵܣ治Ŀˡڵ
¥ʱ΢΢üôˣ
ˣƺʲôȤ飬ʱӰҽǸ˳ıֻûַ֮Ӿһ»ˣǲܵģ
һܵ³ʲôӵ˽ⲻˡ
ľͷ˳¿ڵ˵ĲǼϲƷһ类ȥǸˣλСı֣̫Ѫ
ͣȷд¡
¥ʱ΢΢һλǵӣзִ磬ġ
ȻǵĳΪԼãǣƺԶˣ
ֻģ
ģǲĵһ䡣
¥ʱףˣ˵ҪȥԼˡ
¥ʱһ뿪ˣɲģקҲȥ
ѧУ档
߽¥ʱǸϿקһڣ򣡡
˵꣬һȺ˾ͳ¥ʱȥ
ԶǽǱϣðԴ
㣬ͿʱӣĪǱſ˰ɣ
ľקסӼȥǽͷϡ
......໰ȥǣλô
ǽͷϣǶﻹһŰǡ
λҪиֻ̣׵屻ƤȻȺˣ
Ӻ
һȺ˵ײ𣬰˷
¥ʱǽͷϵŮſ˫ۣ
¥ʱȻڵϡ
һ㣬һΪһӾͿԸ㶨ء˺һŰ
ζ¥ʱ΢΢üҲû³
࣬Ժ
¥ʱŰǿڡ
ϾԭǾˣŴɱ˵ļɶ࣬ҲһܸöȺˡ
ȻˣҲ㽫
ÿÿĹ򷨶ȣȻӦĹء
ԣҴȥطɡǣ¥ʱ֣ȥ
˹ˣһȺվãĴţװ羰
¥ʱ⼸õӣڵЩǽ羰ܺ𣿡
......
˵ǻֵܣ
Ҫһȥôտڡ
ͷ
λĶĶ
һͬ⣬б˶С
͵ıһȥһ
˵Ǳ˵ׯ԰
ŵׯ԰̨ͤ¥٣ɽˮϡĻľһ۹ȥ·𿴵ĶǮ
ڻ£ЩĿڵʲôʱģǸģ
ĵػԼȻ˸ǵ÷ӡ




412 ⣨ʮߣ
 

ǶЬӣŹɫʮӣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ľ̴ľСǮ˰ľῴЩľƵļҾߣÿ־£ݻһ۾ͽϲѡ
һ⣬ЩϷŵĶǹŶɣ
ǲǹŶǼֵƵĶ
¥ʱһߵľɳϣһֻصǰĸоȻһ˲Ҳԡ
ûе𣿡ڼϣڿһȦοա
Ƶģᵽʲô𣿡
ͷɷĿڣǮ
Լ׬ġյڣǷӵǮͲһʲô
һ̧Ǽ⣬ڨڨһЦ
Լ˾ˡ
˾нһߣ⴦͸¶ݻҲҿ
žһнǵĸо
ľὫԼգС㿪˾ˣ
档˵ܼ꣬ŵĹˣʽĲ㣬
м˾мݣÿһݶһġ
Ϊ֪λ˵ϲҾͰѲˮݳλãʲôԵľ˵ܼ˵֮󣬾ˡ
նԼǷݲ㣬žнˣڵ㣬һнʲôóµ
......һ˲ȻֶԼһݡ
˹ĵĳ֮󣬵Ĳ
ʽ˵ʽǺܲĲ˾Ͷˣʱ
һ⣬˰ɣ
¥ʱһĵģһ£󲻹Ȳ˵ַʧ֡
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˵ҵһγԵġڡ
......˿գһƴֵıǩ
¥ʱһգԼĵķָ
ԾԼĲȥġ
¥ʲô
¥ͷ¥ԡ˵ָ꣬һϢԹҽ˾ǻȥ
أʱأ
տһ¥ʱҪؼңҪȥ̸ʲô𣿡
֣ûУûС
ڼ䣬ȥ˺ü绰ĺæ
ԹһȺɢһȦ׼ȥ
͵֮վˡ
ʧĳӣ¥ʱ˵ʱӣ֪ҽҪȥĶ𣿡
Ͼ̸⡣¥ʱ˵꣬׼ؼҡ
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ħ㣿ûĿڡ
ѵĩȥϷɽأһ仰ֱӽȥˣֱİ
ģУѧԣѧϢһ°ɣ
ģʱǷ˲Ż˿С
ָѹĿγܸ֮ϣģǱͨζѨ
ľῪڵйԢʱȥǶסУǹ˯ġ
߰ɣһȥ㱻ɨвڡ
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¥ʱڣȥɣһؼҿ裬
аɡ
¥ʱһ˷ֵ߻ؼҡ
ңɫѾ͸ˡ
ĸɳϿӣĤСӹú⡣
ſڵĶͷȥȻͿ¥ʱš
裬˵㡣¥ʱڵ
ĸͷû£ҲˣȥǮ𣿡

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á
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ŽȥͿ޿Ŀ
磬ôˣһֱӵǰϵļ
۾Ϳļˡ
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νϵļ֮ƺʲô
ԭ֮ǰϲƷѾʼ¶ˣһܿס꣬ܲס
պļڵ磬ң
޿ǰСݸһСûӴЩ飬ô
а취ճļȻˡ
޿ȥֻյıӰ
űļգ˶٣С㣬Ҫ......
顣ļļ󿪿ڵȥڴӡһݡ
Ŵ󲽶ȥգĬĬȥӡļˡ
ļͽȥʱ򣬾Ϳվشǰ޺ơ
ļӡˡڡ
޿һۣ˵ջǶԻǲԣ
ԭǲյģҲ֪Ϊʲôһоǲգֻ»飬ջ




413 ⣨ʮˣ
 

ŷգã˵˰ɡ
˵ջǿƽƽĶ顣
˵֮ӣǽ˲ġ
룬ڣСڲƷҲйȨģԺҲЩ飬ԴСĴ㲻ɹҲͱ¨ӡ
޿һԼ︡ϵΡ
ǰôͱ¨ӣֳָֻʲôĴ¡˵꣬Ŵķ羰ƺ뵽˵Ҫֱӱҵʱ¡
Ҳǲ뷴ԣһʲôԭûˣֻȥǰҵȻȥѧһʱ䣬̶ǰҵˡ
ûн˲֣Ļ˻Ǳҵ֤Щ˰ϲƷŸŪġ
뵽ԼҴСʱ飬е˾Ȱ
Ĳܱ֤ʲôľٶ
ˣȥɡοڡ
ϲƷˣڻǻյġ
ߡ
ųصҡ
ļҲĳǸԢָҡ
ټׯ԰סҲֻ޺գԼһ
صң˵ʺߵԼҡ
ļֶϣͳֻʱ䣬һߵɳϣ¥ʱĵ绰ȥ
绰Ǳߵ¥ʱպߵң绰ˡ
ͳֻյĵ绰¥ʱͨ
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֪ˣ˵꣬һˮ
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Թҹ¥ȥ鷿
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ľҺҺļңʱϾҶ
ݾ޴ǰκ˶Ķ
պļϴ˯
ڶ졣
뿪ãվͳˣһɫȹӣһ˫ƽСƤЬ򵥴󷽡
Թ緹վ˾Լ͵ġ
մŲɫīԼСȥˡ
Բ𣬶ԲҲǹġ΢ĵǸֵطĿ⡣
ȥͿһССﴩŹٸһŮ˲ϵĵǸ
ǲܵģǸСϸܵͬϢ
Ժڰ˰
նʱ˲ٵ£ȥסǸŮҪ˵ĶϱǲҪ̫š
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СѾͷƬӾȻ£Ů˺ǳһΪԼⲻ֪ǿиɵֽϻ
˦Ů˵֣һֽ˲ժϵīѾͷƬӣҳ۳Ͼʱ»ûм޵Ұɣ




414 ⣨ʮţ
 

Ů˿ɵ֮⡣
գϲƷĴСɲܵˡ
仰˵˼ĵ˺һμ˼Ҫ֡
յͷŮ΢ɫҾ㻹Ǽβ˰ɡ
СļڽͲмƢһʱˣĿڵΪϲƷĴСôĿˣ
΢΢ͷŮˣһĿأô
......Ů˼ӣʱˡ
ǹҵһϱʱԻղһϲƷĴС㣬޵飬Լȫһ׼ϵ
֪ԼӲգǸŮ˻ˣȻҲǱһߵġ
ղͷһΨΨŵŵС΢΢üʲô֣
С̧ͷգȴһƬΨΨŵŵ̧ϵİӡлݴСİ
ȤһδСĻ϶ܾʡ
һ˵
ͷȻߣ֮ǰ͵˵˼䣬ӣ·ϰƵġ

նһţ̺š
Ǽҵϰ壿
ǰݾµСݸͷأݴС۹⡣
û飿
סĹ⣬𣬻ˣôݴСʲô⣿
ͬѶѡζһЦи˾𣿡
ǰڵݴС㣬²ڱŶ
ɲλСɣ϶Ǳͼ
ջ˻Լ󣬡ֻʣһǸӻֻӵǮôң˿ԵθڣһҲ᲻ԡ
ϵİӣ˶١
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ðɡôõĻǰΪʲôȥһأ
ҲΪˣҪЩ˶һдۣ
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ǺıӲǱŹһ硣
ﵽ⣬ϵ£һ飬Ȼȫ̶··
߽ׯ԰վùܼҸһӡ
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˶ʳĺ
ңҾ֪һڰٳ󡣡ջӻ֣Ͻȥױ磬ȥĵϣ
գǺȥ
ɤɫסԾɼоͲϰûгбҵ֤һȻȥУ꣬ѧ𣿡
õԴ֮ɣƶĿڡ
ڵӣţȻҲǸطиӡ
ڳûƾûк̨СҪʲô鶼ѡ
ȻҪóһĶġ
OKһƣܼҡ
ȥϴ
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Ҳԣǽȥһĵϸ
ҹ
˴Сȹȥưˡ
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ĺĿ찡žƱǺˮһţջȥӣڰֱʾԼˡ
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ǰˣӿ⡣
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ӣһ
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С㣬ôĺ
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ǵոǸ˱ͷ𣬿ɰײУֱˡ
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ˣ
΢΢üˡ
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ñһߡ
迴һ磬ԵһƵݸڣݼԴС̵ܽϣֵط
սӹƱŸ磬Ȼ϶




415 ⣨ʮ
 

һ߼˿Сֱˡ
ȻܺӰ
迴վͦŵСɲŰӣĵһСӡ
С㲻ܾ˳ңžƱһڡ
ҲϲֵطˣֻǹΪ֮ɣϾطġ
²ȻôҪԼΪʲôҪܾء
ÿλݴСмＸ
յͷ֡
ĬĬͳֻȥտ޵Ŀ⣬ƿ
ǵģûô˽أ
һʱҲûעıֻǿգƺڴ˵ʲô
ҲʲôĨǵˣֱӿżɽҲûȤһ̲ļң
΢΢ü
һߵļһ˰ɡӿա
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ʣһû˵ͿţȻҲǺƵա
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һϲƷ̲ҵĻϲƷһԾΪϾʵۣ飬ΪΪ
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ụ̂ɵʱ˿϶ϲƷһҶǸʱҪôϲƷܣҪôƷˣѡͳ
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õģȻõ
迴СЦôǸֵɽأ
̲֣˵㡣ʼ
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迴ϸ첲ϸȵСϷŰڣûСﲻܺȾơ
У˼ҲٺȾơĻӻֻ֣ݸ֮ȥ
ʱЦá
˼ң
ҲǾǺ޲ͣôͳ˼ˣ
ݴСһȾưһߵһЦǺǵĿڡ
һˣûʲô˼ֻǣĺ
賿
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΢΢棬ףᣬɨӭ
ףȻԼĳȥ
ϣŶͷڣȥݴСߵǸС
ӦһȻһ绰ȥ




416 ⣨ʮһ
 

ա
ʱ򣬾Ϳһ߿ա
С㣬ͷ̫ۡѨڡ
ն飬һߵѾߵߵݹȥ
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ȱʱɳϿŲƾš
һ޼Ҷ˵ִݻ
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޿ŷй޼Ҷգڣ˵ʲô
շ¼¥һˣʮӲ
޽ӹһļϣϸ
ҵµģ֣㵽ʱ飬Ҳ£ԷǵռһƬҶ
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ļһҳһҳķȥ𾪵ġ
ЩҲŵһû֤ݣó֤ݣν˲𾪡
ƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲôڵЩҺǵĵҵġ
......޿ݵıӰһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ղͷԼҸ磬¸Ҫȥ飬ܿˡ
գʡ޷ļõı£ҲǲܵģΪʲôҪأ
ʱ䣬̲Ҳûпܣô棬ΪʲôҪֳȥһ롣
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Ȼ磬Ե̫׳ţʱҪǳˣǿɾǵòʧ
ȻΪ¥ʱԭ򣬵˼֮ž鵰һҡ
ݸΪʲôҶľң
ľҺұȽϣȻľҺǵĹϵá
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޳СԽˣ㾿Ҫʲôأ
ľҺұ˭ǿʡ
޵ҡ
շ¼ӣһߵӲ֣ľҵľƺܸӣ˭Ҳ˵׼ľһ᲻ᷴˮһʱľҷˮ̲ϣǾˡ
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ľˡ
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ûһһ߹ڵС㣬ˡ
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贩һеװ߽
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С㣬ǸСģһڲ裬˵
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֪˵
ҡҡͷ󿪿ڵƺʺܸȤ
ʣ
ȻʧЦ
ʵصͷһˡ
üðһʵ뷨Ѳݣ
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е飬ҪDNA˵ƾ˵ʲô
սӹ޵Ĳˮһڣ˵Ȳ£˵ʱھҪҪŪDNA
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ûһżļˡ
˿ļ֮Ȼͽӹǩ֡
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......
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磬ΪʲôҺ
̧ԴΪҪľҵľңҲʱֹ˾ˣһܺõ㡣
һս߽˾һ뿴ľҵľ
ľҵɶһʲô³ȡԼͲܹ




417 ⣨ʮ
 

տޣڵҲá
ҺǸ磬ľı̲ˣҲ͸ûϵҲø米һʲ
ҸĿҲ̫õģû߽ƷԻȵĴС㲻
ϲ죬Ȳˡ
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С
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ҲһţȻҪǺѧһܿ
һڿΣ¥ʱקֲš
¿ˣմԼ﷭һеݹȥ
صظġ˵꣬һ佱
¥ʱ쬿ڣҪʱʱһϢһΪ㶪ء
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һ޹Ŀָģ̫æˣûʱ
𣿡¥ʱʮ֮æأȥȾ˻ȥĵأ
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һˣ˵һһָơ
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˳ڱĸϣ¥ʱ򿪷Уը
صͷ
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ݸԣֻԺϿֻˡ
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һȺСˣ¥ʱȥһ£Ŷա
ǡսĿڡ
¥ʱۣٻ𣿡
˵ûʶ٣Ӧǲ̫




418 ⣨ʮ
 

ᰡտսڣһ黭Ǳرܺ𣿡
¥ʱСӣҾıرǴɱˡ
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ʲôĴɱıرܣôײ
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ЦЦŶͽȥˡ
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㿴Ŵȹӳգ΢΢һÿƤǴʲôÿ
ù˴򿪣Ȼڲ϶ꡣ
㿴ųԷԵúˣڵˣǰʱѺ㣬ֻǰ˶̬ŶӪҲûˮ
յͷʾԼ֪
Ͳ˭𣿡㿪ڵ
տһ۽㣬ڣ棬ˡ
㿴̲סˣ֪
˴ӲעЩģʵǺ֪Ǽ֪
ɡտŽ㣬ڣһ֪ϲƷĴС㣬ͽһôܶҳ֣磬Сڼҡ
㿴ӣ˴Ĵָˣ
ǺòҲŲ鵽ĻǸˣû뵽һһ׼
ЦЦԹ֮ȥױ
ûˡ
֮󣬿һְҵװŮˣǴСİΰɣ
ȻҲϵóˣڣˣͬѧ
ڻױ
νĶݸ㣬Ǳݵеӣݽ壬ǵøͬѧ¾ˡ
֮߰󣬽㷭Щ
ҲǿλСˣȻѹᣬȻݽ
ջһױץһڼϣ˾ͿĽ㡣
ͷȥͿݹգֻǼϵǼڰۡ
С㣬ֲ䣬ףεĿڡ
С᲻ֻҪȲҪ¶ȵ
ôλСǸоֻҪ¶ȲҪȡ
֮䡣һĿڡ
ĬĬ֣͵Ҳˡ
š
һǰ콫ʱ㣬㵽ʱǵתһ¹ˣʱĶױյʱҲǰ㣬ҹ߶߶һ뿪
˽㣬ԼĶˡ
á
̨
һߴϷв˶æŻ·ױ
һȽϣǾԵøæ
ȻҲڱ֮еģһ衣
ܱȫУʦ̨ôܲԼء
翴һߴϷˣ︡ϼʡ
ȹӣǸ߶ɡ
Ǯ򲻵֡
翴ԼϵƮƮĹװȹһʱǼʲС
·ˣǻôѹյķͷ
Ȼǲ֪룬һĳϷ档
òˣˣһһŰһ
ǰ档
һȻǰ档
¥ʱ˵ôڴҽ㣿
Ȼأ¥ʱʡ
Ůʲôġ
ľĹŵܲӣ˵Ҳڣеֿˡ
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ŵ裬žǸ赸ɡ
Щ׵赸ûһڴ
ޱ¥ʱԴ
û˰
һȫԼҽϣ
ſĻʽһһıݵ̨
ȷʵˢӵģһ֧޾
ֻ¥ʱǸʱһúá

ĸʺˡ
صҵ¥ʱλãﻹݵĿȥ
ֻϧ¥ʱôĿš
Ŀ⿴·Ǹȡֵ輧
ֻ¥ʱǶ輧ֶ
ûʾľῪڡ
һһĹ˾֮·˽֪
ûۿ
ľῴˣĬĬϸֱеıǩ
ֱһ㶼鰡
ģȻݴС㵽ʲôˣ
һһĽĿȥѹ˷ζʱϳˡ
ɫȹˬɾʱǰһ
ݲȵĲӸš
ڸǰ棬ִ̧棬ȱĻָ֮кöɡ
¥ʱĿתĿš
ľտһۣ̾
һϣȹл
սӹͲվ̨롣
λʦͬѧϺãǸһա

μûøӣʱһ¡
ඣ߶ͬѧǲǾ죿ջ˻֣ЦӯӯͨͲãǰǿͬͬѧǵѧӴ




419 ⣨ʮ
 

߶һЩͬѧ塣
ϵĺǻӻ֣ǰҵˣֻˣһһúܶ˽пĸġ
Ŷѧǲ
ȱԸпγ̵Ķ
һƤĿͷ֮󣬾ݽļ
ݽ֮վȥˣҲζŽϵҪĻˡ
ʱУˡ
ΪѧУ㣬У˵ʳ׼ҹͬѧǾԡ
򵥵˵꣬תսʳá
տģй֭
ȫУʦԵĺܿģ
¥ʱյûжʳƵڼžУ԰档
ǣ֡
¥ʱ֣ǣסȻķߡ
ǻˣǣ־ţ޶ܰ
ȥϷƣ˵
¥ʱһˣȻͳֻһʱ䣬뱻ҶȪ۴Ļ
֮ɫˣ˯ˡ
ձ죬Ȼק¥ʱһߵĵھһѣȥ˯
¥ʱֻߡ
ˮѡĸӢۣ¥ʱڵ
յͷԣңӮ˵ĻҾȥ˯
Ҫһˣ
ƥĶѣҲûʲôҪֻҪͷͺá
ԡ¥ʱҲû˵ʲôȫ̸ңҪѰɣ
û⡣
ŽϷ˾ȫƵˡ
һͷҰ£
ϷingŰǣ
塿ñǵĹͷ
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տǷϢˡ
Ļܸоǵķŭ
˾š˽аְ֣
¥ʱһ䣬տĿ⣬治ɫȥˢá
ʮҼѧˣ⡣
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ģ£
¥ʱˢ꾭ú󣬴··նͷҪȻǱˡ
ͷ¥ʱһߵСƵĿڡ
պЦһԣ
㡣¥ʱ˵꣬ղĸӢȥ
¥ʱԣЩͷ϶յġ
㱻ȺŹˣҲԼߡ
Ǽ˼ֱǷ˰
Űһ
ȻˣǵĶҲǸоˡ
ֳѣҲҪ
ọ̈̄ӲûһΣͷࡣ
һֽ֮¥ʱֻգȥ˯
յͷļ򣬡ҴӮ
š¥ʱӦ𣬽ȥ
߽ˣͿźüԵġ
㣬տԼϵһݵݹȥй֭˯
սӹӻ־ˡ
Ȼһ˾߽ᡣ
صᣬϣԡ
Լ淭ơƣðӣȥߣơǹ䣬ȱһɣ
¥ʱĬĬӹ򿪡
ȫ̳һ֮󣬽ʰãȻ׼ϴ˯
Ǯ¥ʱȻ˵
ľᡣ
ѱ׽˿ˣЩľġ
ľ˫۾ͳֻ㡣
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¥ʱͳֻĬĬתһٹȥ
ǳͣθڴҶ⴮زˣһֻûٳԲ
ľῴһ¥ʱĬӣҲû˵ȴˡ
ľᣬҲĬĬתһٹȥ
ֻʾյһǧԪ
ԲۣĿתʾҽʱ򷢲𣿾Ȼ׬Ǯ
漴һϢˡ
㿪
ˣһһԷ򵥣ûǮҡ
ֻԵܲðǣ
ľῴһ¥ʱڿϷŰڣֻΪʱӰɡ
Ȼͷ¥ʱʱӣԺͿˣ
......¥ʱûϢӣԼ׬Ǯʳ
΢΢һ顣
ҪǸ£ھ²ˡ
ڶ졣
¥ʱģȥٳ˼ȦȥʳóԷ
ǵң˻١
ԾóαȻҳԼݣѯһ¥ʱ
ص磬߽ͣҿ¥ʱʱĵ⡣
⼸Ѿúˡ
¥ʱһ㶼ʱ㵽ġ
羶ֱ߹ЦӯӯĿڣͬѧ㻹û緹ɣ
ˡ¥ʱڣӹľĿαȻͷ⡣
ɫŤһ˲
˵ʱڣôҪʹСˣ
ңûУ練ҾǶһôˣͬѧ֮Ĺذ𣿡
ЦһذǻǸûİɣ˵ˣʱҺľѣܶ𣿡
̫ţ翴棬Ǹ¶ڱΣҰְֿǹ˾ľ
¥ʱȻ̧ͷȥڣǸ
㣡




420 ⣨ʮģ
 

ҲûӦ¥ʱһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
¥ʱ俴Ǹ
㣬......ָ¥ʱ
մУ߽ڵַָָˡ
͵ػͷͿվſڡ
߹Լλϣͣڣôϲ˾Ҫ˺һ㣿
ȫȫĿգûУֻˡ
㲻𣿡յڣǸӣڵˣҵģҪǵǣԣ
ˡ
Ťͷ¥ʱҲŲһз
ʣ˭з¥ʱһ䣬óһͷϣȻóһƿţ̷ϡ
Ҵ򿪡տһ䣬ȻԼͷ򿪷С
ӣ࣬ڼһƿţ̣
¥ʱţ̣ܲ棬ݹȥȻǽ⡣
ˮͣһ
ʱĺ
һŰһͳֻ׼߳Աʱֻͱ¥ʱˡ
Զֻ¥ʱ˵һ䣬ֻԼĶȻǽ⡣
ƲƲ죬ĳ
Ƴ֮󣬲ҲҪϿˡ
ֻջĵľԼһţ̵ݹȥ
¥ʱͷһڣԼĹΡ
ռȥ֮ЦеĿڣԭҲţ̰
ιġ¥ʱ˵һ䡣
˷һۣˡ
ϵģʵǲԣ
򵥵У԰ôɡ
ǱǱߣľˮȡ
ÿѧϰѧϰ޼֮ʵԿı¡
ȻˣñͷĲֻѧϰ裡
󱻷ĲеıǸȥһҽԺ˸DNA
ᶨ֮󣬱ͷ
ˣ
صׯ԰֮󣬷ַӾŹܼҸŻƱȥա
ܼҿըëӣЦºͣС㣬ҪҽתСڵĸУ
СĴҲǽ˳ԾʲôͻʲôѾӴ֪ʶ
OKһƣϽȥʰ
ȹܼҰź֮󣬱קһͣˡ
ٴιʱ򣬾ֻ˹ܼңڱѾϷɻˡ
ϳ֮һߵǸЦĿڣϲǸС𣿡
赭һȥ
Ǹţ۲ݵ
˵赭ڵף˵ͱ졣
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ӹļֶŮҸŮ
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ͷᶨˣȷˡ
һʱס޻˵
ǸСȻλž޵Ů
ǸϽ˽ӻҵĴС㰡ô԰⣡׼ľҪȥ
費ڣȥനˡ
ݴС㲻ĶȥݴСˣһ䣬˵֮󣬺Ȼ⻰ͦġ
մˣȥȥ˭أ
˾ļиന𣿡
ԣȥˡ˵
轵ļݸƱȥനС
Ӧһ
װ֣ڣҲȥ¡
ϾⲻҪˣ迴ڡ
ҭʱ֪кԼԵˡ
ന
·ɻ֮ųˡ
޵õϢʱ֪ͨһա
ʱźȻԼǰС
ôˣ˵㣬ÿ
ޣȥʣûһڣԼϡ
ǲɣλǺ档
ֺһЦ˵ɣôˣʦУ
ʦܷܰŶſϣͰ͵Ŀڡ
ѪԵϵϵ壡
ˣ˲𣿡
......̧ͷҾǾһʱӦˡ
ȻǺõģֻҲԼһȥǳһõӡ
İɣءԴ
ߺ
¥ʱգĵ˸С
΢΢һ飬ûУʱʶġ
Ŀ΢ŬŬ򦣬ļϵˣ
ѹְͣĹԭļϵ˰
ԡյͷ
¥ʱջĿ⣬Լ⡣
ˣԹϿΣ壬ǿԳȥˣЦеĿڡ
ͷָָʾĳ˵ɫ
ˣ¥ʱգƿڣߣơƻǺȾƱĵϣţ
һӣӣ˰Ͱ͵ĿڣߣɣȻʲôģôҪȥ
ȥ¥ʱڡ




421 ⣨ʮ壩
 

ˣͱͱյĸ첲ЦĿڣ˰㲻Ǻ˵кЩ˧𣿳һȥ¡
䣬վͶ¥ʱӡ
յһ۱ֱ¥ʱĸ첲ϵĿڣңûУ
¥ʱô
ǰ̫ˣôš
տ⿴û˵Ҳȥˣĩһаɣ
Ҫһؼң¥ʱüڡ
տӣ˱ǣԽܵĻҲǲġ
ˡ¥ʱãԼĸ׿ܽܲˡ
ǲܽǽܲյݡ
ϲƷĴС㣬Щ֮ͨ𰡡
ҡûĿڣжôļ˰
¥ʱ鱾ǲ๵ζУĩҴؼҼҳ
տĿ
¥ʱΪ
ֵÿϷЦĿڣŶ˰ɡ
죡
Ÿ첲ЦеĿڣѽҲûʲôõģҳˣǳͿԶ飬ʻ֤飬ð
ŵװ׵տűƿڣͦõģ˵ĶԣӰɣ
¥ʱĬӣȻеп
һӵױΪǳģ¥ʱûо
ĬԵ¥ʱԼʽǨա
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գµͳֻһϷ
У԰ʱôƽĹȥˡ
塣
¥ʱҪܵգֱקˡ
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ǣУſڵĳʱʱˡ
ôˣ
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ˣܲȥ
˳
ľһۣЩԥĿڣɣ
ҵأĴҲࡣ
ǡľƶĿڡ
ɱΪʲô뿪أ
ź档
ֹֻǿҲǿˡ

¥ʱǣջصңĸ
ĸŲӴӳͿԼҶǣһСȥƺ¡
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ˣ
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ЦݣĸãգϲƷǸա
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յͷȥݸ¥ʱ
¥ʱŹ߽ϴɾ֮վ̨ǰˡ
մĸȥ˵
¥ʱҲ֪ôƻĵģ÷֮󣬾Ϳڵġ
Թ¥ʱϴ룬ĸտŵӣԼȥˮ

⺢Ǹúӡĸڣ¥ʱĿ⣬ĸĿڣҲֹֻˣ˼СһӣǾͳֿ
ʡõʱԵ̫ܾˡ
¥ʱջĿ⿴Լֵĭˣһֻ
ɡ
ĸᶨ¥ʱЦԺҲ仰
ʱİˣҲûС
ġ¥ʱڣĸˮ裬ˣ
ĸͷʲôܵģİˡһԧ죿
¥ʱҡҡͷĳ
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˵꣬ĸ¥ʱļ磬һˮͳȥˡ
¥ʱϴͿĸ˵ŻױƷ顣
Ů֮䣬Ժ֣ױƷ·ˣЩԶ˵ġ
ɫ¥ʱ׼ջȥ
·ϡ
˵Щʲô¥ʱǣ֣ڡ
տһ¥ʱƵҺͲĸ˵Һĺ̸ԽΪĿ֣Ҽ˲ԣʲôӣҪ׸Ҽ޸㣬о¸˫ҳ档
ٶĻҲֲϵ̬ȡ
֪ĸʲô˽ĸĵǣȻǻչĺ˳
¥ʱף̶ڵϲʲô
ɱ𡣡տڣϲĶ̫ˣ𡣡
ҾҲǽͷ󰡣Ǯ¥ʱֻ¸Ƕӡܲá
¥ʱգ˵
ϲȲ裬ǺһĲĺܹ󡣡ĸ첲ԺТҲһġ
¥ʱǺ˵ˡ
ô˵أ
μ͵ĺԺ͵ģǸоһ
˵ˣٹܹĶ
õ㡣




422 ⣨ʮߣ
 

ι˵ջλ¥ʱĸ첲
¥ʱ˱Ǳӱַ
ȥĵĹԢɡձĲӣҺ˵ģ㡭
üҶӼϴ㡣¥ʱյĻûʲôϲãƽǿݣʱʱ
һ¥ʱգЦĿڣ˽⣡
յĳˣ¥ʱųʧתؼҡ
صԢȥϴˣϴͿ绰ͣ
绰֮ǰ˳򿪵ԡ
Сڣˣ㼤ҵĵ
΢΢üҿûѡ
ҭһ֮󣬵񻨼ͼƬϴˣ
Ŀ΢ĳƼƿڣȷ£ؼ֮ǰƬ
ڰ㵹ȥķ˿ըˣˮ㣬һѹסˣ㼱Ŀڡ
ѹˡƿڣҹɡ
ɶ
Ӧģǵ绰Ҷϵ
ո¥ʱ˸绰֮Ȼʼ༭µĶ̬
ҰˣԺӵĶ
򵥵һ仰ĻƬһ¥ʱģڶǺգա
ϰ˾ŵ㣬ߵࡣ
յĶ̬һȥʱǺܶۡ
㿴̬ҲǱŵˡ
ֵ֧˺٣¥ʱģյġ
֮
չرȻֱ༭һ
ҿԣУʦ
ϲƷĹת̬̬
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ϲƷĵﲻ
տĹ۵ľƣֻȥˡ
¥ʱϲƽʱ˴ϷҲûʲôã֪ˣֻҲں
ˣǺ˵һɡ
շƿƿ޹ޣȥֻϢˡ
¥ʱǵڶſϢ
Ȼȥˡ
˳Թ緹֮󣬾׼ȥһȦ
νȥ棬Ҳȥ֡
Ĺġ
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˵ӣƺҲֵġ
¥ʱĬĬקߣȥк
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װꡣ
һЩ·¥ʱȥԡ
¥ʱ²ӣ·ȥ¼䡣
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λ·һߣЦеĿڡ
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ڵתһȦգԳĿǿѯһ䣺϶ôСӣ
ɡЦЦ̧ͷȥ
׳£ţп㣬ϵ۾ɾˬʲôǮ˵ĺӡ
΢΢ü
˲ʲô
ȥֽ⿪ϵĵһŦۣ˼ֿ֮ˣÿȥ·
ܲ𣿡¥ʱοڣֱ˰ɡ
ԣĿڡ
¥ʱݺһԴͽȥ·ˡ
ջĿ⣬ɳˣڵҪҲǺ͵ġ
ͣҺϣüڡ
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ʮͷĲϣŸλߵϣһװЩʵζ
߳ȥСĴ塣
ȥѡһףݸ裬ȥԡ
ıԴȥ¼䡣
ˣȥڡ
ͷͦõһˣ˵ģһҲûʲôá
ռףҲĵģ٩ڣԺ͵ĽСˣ
СһۣݴСͲҪҴȤˡ
лʱ·Ҳˡ
һأһۡ
۾ֻ¥ʱ
¥ʱĿ⣬ЦĿڣ˲ˡ
սЩ·ȻԼ׼ȥˢ
һǳɫ·ѵõĿ佱һ䡣
ոǮ֮ҲȥǮˡ
װˣǾŮװˡ
Ҳ֪ǲǹⱨ¥ʱѡ˺ܶ·
վôһһġ
ڿȥıžٵԼǰȹӣһӿ裬壬ʺװ𣿡
С塣Ȼ˴·ƽȥ
ȹ¼ͷߣǻˡ
ţȹڱŤĳˡ
ɫ˿װǺ񣬿ɰֹġ
ÿ佱
վھǰƵĿڣĶÿƵġ
ҭ
մɫȹӳһɫ˿װĿһÿŶֿɰģСҼҾ͸ӡ
գⱨû֤ݡ




423 ⣨ʮˣ
 

һĿ⣬󿪿ڵ㿴ݴС㶼ô˵ˣഺҪȹӣƯƯġ
߶ӣεĿڣúúã֪ˣ壡
С壡ٴξ
¥ʱϵȹӣȻȥڣǲ㴩ȹӡ
˵ȹӹϥǰ䣬Ҳ¶ǾͲô
ιιι뷨Σհտ¥ʱĿ˵
ȹÿŮӱزٵ·Ҫǲˣһ޸¥ʱġ
ðɣ¥ʱüڡ
Ŀͼ뷨
ˣˣɡ¥ʱڡ
յͷȥ֮ǰԼĿ
¥ʱԼĿһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
浱ԼûǮ
ˣȻôԼǾɡ
ճָѡ˺ö·
֮ʿԾŴӡ
պͱһ̲裬ȥһЩ
ӣð⡣
緹ˣ¥ʱڣൽˣ׼ȥԷ
գգ۾¥ʱԵ⡣
극򡣡¥ʱƿĿ⣬ڣ衣
ִյ֫治³ˣ
ԲֵʣôԣռΪNɪĿڡ
һ
ȥһҸ߶˵ķݡ
Ҫһ֮󣬼š
ˣͳֻ׼Ϸ
Ϊ飬ѯһϵ飬ϵ飬С֪˭ˣ
տ裬Լֻݸ¥ʱһѡ
еȲҪҿյһˮ¥ʱǰԼˮǱQɣƱQ˼ˡ
迴ŵͷϷСٿգĿˡ
ΪղŻźԼɡ
յͷ
΢΢̾һ
࿴һջĿ⣬Сǡ
˵иȥ磬ȥüЦӯӯĿڡ
Сǹ֧費ڣ԰ֻݼǱߣʹС㵲š
Ц˵
ǹ֧
˼һ衣
ȥ迴С̲סҪ
ͷ
ˡ
һˣ΢΢һ飬ȻĿڣС塣
ԡԴ׷˼Ϣ
յϢ׸Ͻ峡
ݴСԼҴСҪ۹⣬Ҫʰĸɸɾģ
һֽҲˡ
Թ緹ϵ⣬һ˾ȥǸطˡ
ߵʱǸɸɾģһǹ֧
ȥãסˣûҶΣա
裬ǽҡ
ͷĸ
һǹ׵սľʱǹһ
ס
ݴС㣬ǡЩȵĿڡ
ȫûпǹͱһ
տԼµôˣ
ӣƺܾͨڡ
սһǹװӵŰһǹ
׿ʾϵĻһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
ϲƷҲ漰ŶսǹԼ󣬵Ǻе󡣡
գĽѧС
ЦЦ
¥ʱЩǹ֧ҩĿϡ
ȥһһţ˳ְֽжǹ֧˽⹹졣
ԼĽ⣬ߵߣ˭
ܱݴСôְֵḶ̌Īҡ
迴һǱߣλСļϵˡ
˵꣬ͼб
׿ˣ΢΢һ顣
ŶͰݴСԹ߼ߵˣֻ²ô׵һϰɡ
սĲˣ¥ʱǹյ˵УŰһǹ
˻
׿ŴĻϵʾĿ¥ʱϣûаˡ
츳ɡ
ո¥ʱ˴Ĵָ
¥ʱյĿЩº͵ɫʡ
ҲĽ̵ˣһǹĳɼߵ廷
׶࿴һ۱ĬĬԼ
츳ִڣĽĽġ
ǺЩһʱˡ
Թ֮һ˷ֵ𣬸ظҡ
δȻٴǹ֧
ջصҴֻֽӵ˽ʺ
žǽϺ¥ʱֵʱֱշˡ
δַФȨյڣ㲻Уͺ͸˵
ʲôУ
üһС㣬߰£ûвһ˵
˵꣬Ҷϵ绰ȥŶˡ
ճŶͷƴɨ׵Ϸʱ䡣




424 ⣨ʮţ
 

¥ʱϴյϢֱһ绰ȥ
ù绰ͨ
ʲôأ¥ʱϣëƿڡ
ƵĿڣϷôˣ
¥ʱӣϷôӮ

սԹˣȻϷߡ
ûһߣƥȻʼϷ
ãƥ䵽ĶѷǳĿӣӵѡ
һ֮һҰӢۣ¥ʱĬĬ·
ֺ͵Ĵ£һӮˡ
ʱ䲻磬¥ʱϢ
ա
ʱ֣У
ʵУ԰ûжķˣǻΰ롣
ϴϷǹƬҲܵʦǸ˵С£ĵǸ֮伣ˡ
Ҳĸһ棬˵˵顣
ʱúܿ죬ȥ˶ױ֮׼ˡ
¥ʱҲΪı׼
һͷѧϰ棬ѧϰ޷԰Ρ
ˣֿȵӰ룬ǩԼϲƷĹ˾ݼõģƷҲûġ
൱Ϸǽһ졣
ΪǻһιȺܿ졣
뿴ݷķڷ
ȫûһСƢԿı޻˵
ֻǵȾɱˣҲǺˡ
ɱһɢͣľˡ
നС
¥ʱһڼô׬Ǯ
ĸҪӰ಻ˣҲһˡ
űʱ¥ʱĿ
è۶յʱ򣬴Žź˵š
ֻҲͱˣû
һ¥ʱסߵ˿
տŲ輸ϵĵԣͷ¥ʱ
¥ʱԴڵҪҹ𣿡
ԡ
¥ʱȥ
һҲȥˡ
̨ǰմӺ汧ס֫㡣
¥ʱ֣˽ֹճŵ
Ůճ˵ıǽĲ񻰡
ߵáձˣı
¥ʱЦһ棬ϻȥ𣿡
ȥ㼷տˮ棬΢΢һ飬ǾҴԶˣҪԵ嵭Ľ壿
ţԡ¥ʱһ˫ӣǣſȥ˯Ͳ³𣿡
ΪԼ»ݣ
һ٣̶Цסģ
¥ʱӣջĿ⣬ŵԼụ̈βŵҲġ
һЦȻͷ档
¥ʱ޿κεĿһˣȻԼĹ
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Թҹվȥϴˡ
¥ʱŵԽȥʱͿմԼ˯Ƕ
ʪͷ¥ʱŴȻͷ
ôۣΪʲô¥ʱڵ
ջ˯ģβƿڣ㣬̲ݻ
¥ʱĬһͷͷ֮󣬽˱ϣȻԼȥϴˡ
ϴѾ˯ȥֻϵֻ𶯡
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Сڣأ绰ͷ
¥ʱ绰ƿһ㣬ڣôˣ
绰Ǳߴһ侲Ŀڵû£Ǹˡ
ţ
˶٣ɱ֮ˣڻƬĵˣû£ҲϢ
˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
֪λСĿأȻǲûȤġ
ңݼͬˣһ˺αȥѰ·
¥ʱ绰һߣ̨֮󣬹˲ϴ˯
ֹ̨ƣߵŮˡ
¥ʱ˱ڻ˯
ڶ졣
¥ʱ׼緹
˾Ӱĸˣڳ¥ʱ˵ͻˡ
ֻòûע߽ⷽ¥ʱӡ
ϵŮӣĸʱˣȻߴӣ̶ӦԼһŮ
էһա
ȥĸ¥ʱû˵첲ϾͰһ¡
ĸ¥ʱ˼СﻹСô
¥ʱʱεĿĸ裬ûУҺͻСִ֪ġ
Ҳִ֪簡ĸѹڣûĿڣⶼ˯һŴˣ֪ӵķִ磡
¥ʱЦõĿĸ
裬ûʲôģǸޱ졣¥ʱεĿڡ
ĸǺ޲ôԴ⻰ǻźûʲôأ
ûС¥ʱ濪ڣǻڳģִ֪磬ȥжױɣ緹ٶ˯
ĸ״һˡ
¥ʱҡͷЦһ
ҲãദĺãмҲ




425 ⣨ʮ
 

ĸȥжױϴ֮˳㻻һе·Ȼڲǰȳԡ
Ӵˣȫòĵġ
Թ緹֮ĸȥˡ
ʱ򣬾Ϳۺõ·
ȥƺϴ֮ۺõġ
˻ġ
մ·ϴ֮󣬳Ϳڿڿü̵ˡ
㱻ŵԣ۾ܲ˵ġ˵
¥ʱ߹ӳ˳緹֪ݽϡ
Լࡣ
Ͻ绰˵ˡ¥ʱ֮ǰһ䡣
յͷʾԼ֪ˣȻ͵ͷࡣ
Թ緹ȥԼֻˡ
ĺü绰һȻ绰
ι㣬ϵĴ򼸸绰ʲôտѯʣȻڵϿ¥ʱ
㲻ŵķһۣⶼʮˣ磿
ͦġտ¥ʱαϹıʼǣڡ
ҭһŵˣˣǸҲˣоǰٻ㱻ˣ
ƽкİٻʮͱǿ
Ŷ
Ŷ
侲һŶ͸ӦʷСһӰˡ
Ŷ
ʲôСֵģԼݼǸŵģʮа˾ŵ顣
ûˣ
Լüģ򵥵Ľ˼Ͱѵ绰ˡ
ָ޴һ绰
ڰ칫޽ͨ绰󿪿ڵͷѣ𣿡
΢΢һ飬磬㣬˵£
޿Ŵ⣬ڣ¥ʱң
šӦһڡ
޳ĬƬ̡
Ϊ˵ٻأôʵˡ
㶨ˣ꣬ȻˣҲԴ¥ʱòɡ
չɵӦһ
¥ʱϴͿǰԼĿα
׼ȥ棿¥ʱڡ
ҡҡͷȥڼҾ㣬ҾҪϾˡ
ҵҲڼҪܸˣܲȥ
ҿ¥ʱûĴ룬ǲŵġ
š¥ʱӦһȥһͽˡ
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¥ʱǰԼĻ
նֻ굽˯һ
¥ʱԼϵ꣬ȥˡ
档
վʳ߲ˡ
¥ʱվһ߿ܣ岻ãʲôҸ
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¥ʱһûеֿġ
Ƭ
¥ʱòɡ
Ҳþգȥˡ
зűз۰Ͱ͵Ŀ¥ʱ
¥ʱĬĬǴӣ˼ֻ档
Źǣţ⣬Źǣкö߲ˡ
ȻǺüķˡ
䳬еȫ̴ž˵Ҫʲô¥ʱʲôȻʳƷ֮⡣
˴ӳлصңĸĤŵ԰칫
ʱӺջ˰ĸĿڣ߰ļڣҶ˻ƱȥΣϳչ˺Լ
Ϊһƽĳǲڼ氭顣
¥ʱͷҲǣչ˺Լ
ĸͷ¥ʱĶǺúóһ٣ʱӣûʲôͬѧҲԺϵġ
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¥ʱȥѲ˷˱档
մӳֻ磬˽
ι㣬զˣ£Ű˷ַӱù
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𣿡һֵ֮Ǳôôĳ
Ǿʵڣ㣬ҪҳԷ
¥ʱң㡣˵һ䣬עⰲȫ̫裬Ǳҿɲ㡣
Ӧһ
ˣľڵĻһ𡣡˵꣬չҶϵ绰ȥ¥ʱġ
Ҷϵ绰֮һߵľᡣ
ľͷ˻ĶԼһ飬⣬л˵ҵд
һȻ˵ҽȥʱӼҳԷ
ľ΢΢㶣󿪿ڵ߰
ߣ
ԼսƷϳ
ѳɽºľҲˣ˾
Ŷλҵ¥ʱҡ
š
ŵգĿڣ㣬զסԢˣ
Ҿ㱥˲ҪˡҪš
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տ˽ˡ
ĸӷӵСӣЦǺǵĴкִ󷽵ġ
ľַˡ
ĽʺޣôõĸףҲҪ




426 ⣨ʮһ
 

¥ʱӳӹյֽȥϵˮСкͷĸ˵ȫϴˣȥŪˡ
ĸͷΧȹ
ľߵ
Ȼģ¥ʱ߷߿ڣҺޣ
ţ¥ʱǺ׵Ŀڡ
ľᵭڣҪˣĽô󷽵衣
ʵֹĽҲͦĽġ
¥ʱĬƬ̣ӦòٶһôĶӡ
ҭס
һ߻Ϣֻ˵һ䣬еģ
׽㣡
¥ʱﵭĽ㽣ڣõһЩܻʧȥһЩģĽˣҲĽ㡣
սֻװˣڵºü׷ӣһٷһһĹʡ
ľụһۣɷϣеʱǵĻȷʵһ׬ġ
бĽĿʱ򣬾עҪʧȥһЩ
ӮʲôպȻһ䡣
Կóһܳ
¥ʱľᣬһʱ䲻֪˵ʲô
Ϊ
˻ǮѾˡպȻڵ

ľ̲סȭЦ
㣬ѻҪĶ԰ɡڵٵ㶼ø
ʮһ£üȻĿڣҾúܺãأ
Ҿһ㶼ãɥڣ㣬ҪҾֱ˵
һʮ飿
Բ𰡣
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һľᣬΣ
¥ʱӵݸգڣţְ֣ѣһǧ
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Լ׬ġ¥ʱڡ
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ʲôľЩĿ˵
¥ʱõӷֳݹȥ룬ѧ
ľῴ¥ʱĬĬԼĴĴָҵİ
ܼƽһıĪġ
Ժᣬĳɾ;Բ͡
Ҳԡ¥ʱ˵
ľЦЦҾ˰ɣǵȨԵá
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ľĬĬ֣ڵҪлл
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ĸһ¥ʱ¥ʱųȥ
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գĸ¥ʱҲ᲻ġ
ĸǣȥԼˡ
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ĸһ·һ߿ڵǸͷ죬ɱ٣ҿóĺںġ
ЦЦ֪Ĳĸǳá
ĸɵӣЦʹôڼ
ȥΡսԼ뷨˵
ϱǸ磬ⱲҲҪԼİ˿
ĸͷԣմڼҲãȥ߿
¥ʱϴͿտҲȻߵſš
߳¥ʱ˵˼֮ͳſȥ
¥ʱõĸ׼߽档
ĸ˵˼֮¥ʱżвסģʲô
ӰЦеĿڣҽ˵Ĺˣʱһˣ
¥ʱͷ߰ɡ
˳ţŸĵӰȥ
ǰСģ˱Ρ
Ʊʱ仹磬קȥˡ
ץ޻ǰץޡ
û취СҲӡ
˱źüȥӰ
һӰ֮ɫ׺ˡ
Сܳסյ·Ϊ׵СЩӵĿڣ㣬⼸ĵܵ𣿡
տһ¥ʱԣҵܵܣôˣ
¥ʱĬ
ľ᲻ЦЦҪô㣬ƺҲֻǻͷ۰ɡ
ûʲôСڰ֣һӵֵܸߣǺаȻ㱧żȣ
˵꣬СòĻӻ־Сǣˡ
տվһŵˣͳֻա
ڣŹң󻹵ҪľεĿڡ
Ѿˡ
¥ʱһˣδ˵ʲô
ȵģ԰ɣҷ̬ЦеĿڡ
󣬴¼ȥ༭̬
ҵܵǡ
շȥȻ͡
֮վͳȥ




427 ⣨ʮ
 

ƨƨЦĿڣ㣬ߣ𣿡
ˣտϾԵˣȥһӰͶˣ
Ǽ⣬ûУˡտĿ⣬Ŀڵôһˡ
ѵθɣľϷŰһ䣬Ŀ⣬ʼ
ڼڴŵߣʱ򣬽ĵ绰ˡ
ιŹ֭һڣϵ𣿡
㿴ֹϵˣڣϲС㣬ˡ
ճĬһŵʲôùϲġ
СڰѶ̬Ȩ޵㿪ɣ۹ܲס˿ĺըĳĿڡ
Ӧһ
ȹҶϵ绰սȨ޴ˡ
ûһѾϰˡ
С̫ܵҿԣ
һкֵҿԣŶ
AһŮġ۾ǸǴС𣿺ùԵĸоʲôģ㡣

ԭŷԵķ˿ǲôˡ
ԭ¥ʱ㡣
μӸനеһ˽Ƶص㱻һ¡
Щвסѷ¥ʱϣӲĳɼֵ¡
ǰǸ꣬꣬ܿɡ
չֻԶ
Ա㣬ľżݸ¥ʱһ˾͸ظˡ
¥ʱһż·ϣǺСա
ȥĶ棿¥ʱһ䡣
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ĸѾ˵ˡ
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е㣬ǲĸƺð졣еΪѵĿڡ
ֿǲʵģĸҲһȥ
¥ʱ˵ȥΣúùһһ˵硣
ģôĸףҲǵһμ
ռ¥ʱﵭΣʱˣð͸һؼҹɣ
š¥ʱӦһ
˻صĸʳ¯Ŀųˡ
ǻˣ
ӵζθڴ󿪡
ԼԲĹĵĶӣ̲סһ顣
¥ʱӵĳһ顣
ʣµģŽȻܳԡ
ڶһģĸˡ
¥ʱͿ輸ϵһǮһš
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¥ʱһǮװŷ⣬׼ȥһ¡
˳Թ緹ȥˣʳʲôģߡ
Ͼ
ӵպ¥ʱǰλϵС㣬ȥ˹˾ľҵ̸ˡ
յͷǾȥ߰ɡ
¥ʱк֮˾
ͣڴſڣպ¥ʱ³˸ȥ
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ӹֵݸգС㣬Ǽ㶨ĵ⡣
սӹ׼ŵʱͱ¥ʱˡ
ţ߰ɡ¥ʱǣ֡
ЦЦȥ
ŵȥһֱ޵İ칫ҡ
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ľҼľҼĴӣԼ顣
޼ˣ̧Уã
տһ¥ʱŹȥߣʲô飿
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¥ʱһߣͳȥ׼ˮ
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λľӣľ˵Ķӣľ᲻λľ˵Ķӡ
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λľӣľӻľĸλľ˳µľҡ
ùһߵĸֱʣںͬȦ˺ü⡣
ľӣػҪϸһ㡣սͬݹȥҵĽ鲻Ǻͬ¹ҪɲˣȻ˻ʵϡ
ľԼĶӣЦſڣվССͿɱˡ
ľˣǸ̵úá˵꣬һޡ
һЦڣջС˵ִ֪磬ľӱȥ
ľеǣǿЦЦû£ҴĴˡ
˵öԣëëģǵøúúøһˣľĿ˵˵һ䣬ҵҲͼյʱȥ𣿡
ȥЦЦҵĴСɻҰæһأʱɵֵô
ľЦòɫ֣֣ǹž۵Ĵ飬ǵúúһô
յԴοڣҪ
ˣͬǩˣҲͲʱˡľһľЦǺǵ뿪
޽͵ݿڣȵݺ֮󣬲ͷߵգʲô𣿡




428 ⣨ʮ
 

Сյڡ
תŶԼİ칫ȥ˵öԣⳡϣ̸顣
ǲ֪ǹΪ֮Ϊ֮յڡ
޿˼СֺͬľȻҪģܿ⡣
ԣһĺͬǩɾѰζˡ
ȻҺϵһ¡տڡ
޵ͷš
֮¥ʱһߣյĵԡ
ʼԵġ
¥ʱһգڣҺˣ
ԣ̧ͷգڵ¶˵
ҡҡͷ
޵Ŀ¥ʱϡ
¥ʱ̧ͷȥҼ֮֮£ҲǺҺ׼̲ңݼΪʲôľӦΪɡ
޿¥ʱ㶼˵ԡǷľһ飬պľҵĴ꣬ѡȨ档
¥ʱͷԼ˵ֻô棬ݼնҲǲ᲻ܣΪʲôҪ֣
޿¥ʱ
տ¥ʱ
¥ʱʱʲôˣա
ջĿ⣬ԼԼļ
ЦЦͷԼĵ⡣
ϡ
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ľͷľڣϿ֪ˣ
գͲһӵ⣬СﲻСﰡ
֣ٴеģ㿴˵Ŀ⣬ֱĲУûǸɣһĽвֵ·һǳСľƲƲǣĺͬӦǽҡ
ľľ˲ò࣬ҵǾǸ򵥡
һ̳켣Щ˶ǸһѹȵĸоǸԲ򵥰
ľںƲ졣
־ˣľԱ
ļ죬վʹ¥ʱ棬Ȫա
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죬ױ֮󣬿ʼѡȹˡ
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¥ʱǿǿͷԡ
˵ţȹӹһȥ߳ñ䡣
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սӹЦȲҲʲô˵顣
ĺĺ
һɫĸ߶װ߹һƸޣ¥ʱû
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ĲˣһɫȹӣŻʹڲŸ߸Ьˡ
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һ߿š
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ɵ
տűЦɾĺװʲôСá
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տȥŹ֭ҲȥϷ
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431 ⣨ʮ
 

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