صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

״Ԫɵڻǰ()
ߣȹ

½ڣ 69 £½ڣ 69 
İ
     Ҷ崩һУڻǰޡ

ԭֺ֣óˣͨɷڵˤˡ

֮ʩһɣڵĿƾзӳɫ״ԪǱټǧϣһ·ҡֱϣλ˳

Ҷ֮ŬԭԸһ߷չҵһ߸ԭ

ʩ֣ԼӺﲻһˡ

ƤˣϸˣǽĶˣƢҲ˲١ԭˣڸмӣв֪ŹȢؼҵϱ

壨2.21ţ׼Vֳ



Ԥգұ[]

γһŮ

ԭŮɫǣߵſȹ֮

γȴ˳Ůķ֮ޣΪɱ˶ͷ̨ʬҰ

γԼϵ»޷ᶨҪ顣ܱȶǿ

ȴû뵽ԭ䵭ķɶȴǰٰǻ䱦ǰֻΪ˲һЦ

ɣҪʲôҶԸ㡣

γСвУ

ҪҵԣΨС



ӢӢһֱʱŷ֣Ȼϳ˾ˣ۶˺Լһͬȥ

ػһһҪһٳ裬һǡ

ps

1ģֻŮ

2Ů=ˣӶ


һ

ѡɫϵͳа󶨡
ϵͳA  ʩС  
ϵͳB  Ҷ塣
ѸѡӿٶȽѡ񡣡Ҷ屻еѣԺ۾ֻһһľ棬Ҫ
Ҷ廹ھСƾűѡԼΪϤ֡Ҷ塱ߵʧԼ˯˹ȥ
׼ϵͳУ侲ϸ۲ϵͳĹ£ϣܹ񡣡
ĶϵͳʾѾһҪԲɡ
֮Ҷ峹ѹԭΪԼ˸֪νΣ۾֮ʶѰԼֻȴԼһʮİĵطڵװĹɫ㣬ߵİϻŸոյȼѬ㡣
𣿡ҶɤЩɳƣڵ̽ؽеϵͳ
ȻΧû˻ӦǰȴͻȻһдż֡
ϵͳҶ壬ԱŮ䣺17  ԭ·ٷˣڶˤˮУϢ  ԸúûţҪ롣
Ҷ±۾ԼĿǰ״ԭΪϵͳʲôԼεݣȴˡ
ˣٲѴҪżˣģѾ֪ͨҽݿˣ˵ᣬȻܰԼΣҲһ׮¡ǸͲСѾߣͬҶ嶣һ֮ʮֿٵ˳ȥ·ԼǾ仰˵òԣҶԼ鷳
Ҷججڴϣ֪ԼӦӦԣԭ´̫أջǷ뷨ڴһš
Ҷˣ𼱣ҽݿŮ֮ȥ֪ͨˣҷʦ˵ҶСѾˣûʲôµģҶСڴЩҲ޷ġ
Ҷڴϣ϶˵ʱ˾
ŽһͲĸˣǸϻδɵ飬ŵҶ壬Ȼ˹
Ҷ֣ϸһſڵ壬û°ɣúö˶˻ظңʩûҲͰˣԼ·ϻ赹ˣǲʩ˸ˣ㲻Ҫ£˵ٲҲʩҡ
Ҷ˵Щʲôǻδ֯ԿڣǸ˵Ļֽ
壬ʲô뷨˵ǣⱲӾôһŮͬ޵ʩǿʩǰ̣ȥʩġ
ҽݵ˴ܱߴ·Ϸε㣬ʶòᷢʲôֱҲ롣
ҽݵĴ׼ŽȥǡҶôһ仰ǲ˳顣ұ֤ⲻϣ䲻˵ҼһʶҶ壬Сɵ˶Ҷˡ
ԭֻΪҶʵ̫˱ˣͷҼһиԵѴͨ˼Ѿǲˣûжĳʳʡ
Ҷ㲻ͬˣҶ䲻Ǵ֮ңǼиֵܸܸɣҲиԣ
ҶΪҶΨһһŮСĺӣСܵƫ裬гƫʮֱףǲʲôóԵȫҶ壬֪Ҷ㳤ֵģϵ˼֮
Ҷ˲عģŮӲ޴󰭣ֻҪ򵥵һɣ֮ҶСҲҪǵһҶҪ˵ЩʲôһһԵҶջʲôû˵
鷳ˣȻŮ£ұ㽫ؼӡҽݱϾ˵ĵط˵ԼŮ£ҶҲסˣ׼ʰŮؼҡ
ҲûֻҩͯҩҶˣԼȥץҩ
ҶС㲻Ǹոճôڻӵ·ϻ赹߻ûˣ ҩͯҶԽԽԶӰ
ҽݴһԼҩͯҩͯȻԾɳԼ˼֮УҶС⼸ղųɻ飬޵˻Ϊʩóɻ鲻վԼܻˣ
ҩͯ˵Щʲôǰ֮ʵʵصҽݣټԡ
ҶҶĸĴڻصҶңȴԾûƽҶĸһɫԲ԰׵Ҷ壬Ҳ֪ʱ򲢲̸ĺʱֻҴӷȥҶúϢ
ҶҶĸ뿪ŸۣµϵͳĹ˼ԼĴ
Ҷ˯ʱģĴ˵Ҳã˵Ҳá
ԼǰѧʱڿһƵС˵УС˵ֽʩࡷ
ʹⱾС˵е磬Լλʩӣȷ˵ʩǰֳӡ
ʩͬԼλӳ֮һֱǱĶ飬λΪʩˣһֱڼģˣʩ࿼о֮󣬻ؼҵʱȴԼӲĸиһ飬̲ס˵޵뷨
Ҷ˵֮һܻңϣͬȴڰ·һغС˵ԭʩӭȢԼʦŮٷƣҵɹͥΪޡ
ҶؿеݣһԼƽû´ڵʱӦʩʩѧͬʩÿһ˶һ֮󣬵һԼܻңʩ˲Ը¶ˣһƾҪؼˡ
Ůͬú˵˵ôԼεڰ·ϣʩôûͬһ𣿡ҶĸԭҶǲΪԲŶԻŮԭӣǰղŻӦûԭֻܰסеĸ˼ŮԼһ͡
ҶһеĿνǸʮ㣬˱ͬɩһܣ˭֪ôڰ·ε
ҶѾȫԼԭļ䣬˴ʱ˵˿š
ɩ۸ˣ㻹¸㹫ûȰ𣿡ɻ֮ǰҶϸʩҵΪˣҲ֪ԼŮǸˣȻĿǻܹ侲Ҷ彲ԭί
Գɻ֮ɩ㿴Ҳ˳ۣʱʱҪ̣๫ǰЩӻسǵԺɩţԽ緹ʮұ̲סͬ䣬˭֪ȻװһԼܻˡ
ڼЪţǸ¸ʩһģҲҪ㼸䡣Ҷĸ̾һҪϸϸ䡣
ҶŮС㱻û٣ƢȴСոճɻͳ飬պҲ֪ܲܰʡӡ
壬ŮԼеģɻǰҲϸϸʩҵƷһ˶ǹ˭һֱĿİͰ͵ùȻѡʩҪ׼
ŮһȰʩһģԼѡģһץס˵䲻ģѾɻˣϲһˣҲҺɩɩء
ҶĸֶһҶϵƣɫ˳ȥҶ塣




ҶڴҶĸŵĻеã΢һЩ
ոմԽԭļ䣬ǳʱͬһ¶ڣǻصʩұȽϰȫ
壬ˣԣǸ˽Ҷĸ극ר̽һΣԾڴϢҶ塣
Ҷ뻹ǾȥƫԷ
ߵʱҶҲߺȲ裬ǰһҶ״̬Ȼһ࣬ѾɻˣǧһʹСӣϱҪϱľ򡣵ȳ㣬ɲٳʲô۶ӡ
ҶȻҲŮǿеĻȴûаᣬҶͷֹסͷ
ڶһ磬Ҷոշ꣬ҶĸҶصϴ磬Ҷò¡أʵʵ˷䣬׼Щʱ佫С˵еϸһúԼ֮·ӦߡȻҶ˷еױǰ֮ǰ뷨ȴʲôûС
Ҷ忴Լͭеģŵصɴ۾Ա߷ŵױߣҲȫʧȥȤ֮ǰȻǰױˣȰͻױԼִֺһʱ֮Ĳ֪Ӧֱ֣߿ҲûʲôĻͻױߣҶҲֻڷϹ򣬽ԼԵСһЩ
ҶԼﰦ̾ǰȴ˻ЦҶԭΪԼˣǿҶĸԴϲɫݣҶ֪Լû
壬߿ЩܲŮһֱ㡣 Ҷ񼫺ãҶ岻ո߹㱻Ҷˡ
ˣСո£õһ˵СӣзԼӵġʩ̬ȼãκβĵطҶʩ仰˵´ЦʩΪء
Ҷ˳ߵҶ£̧ͷԼϵɷ
ʩһϮǴЦһۿȥøУ˵۾ȴûʲô¶ȣҶвһЩ衣
ϸ˵ҲҶʩĵһ棬ʱһäƼޣֻҪ˫ĸúʣ˱ܹʼ̸ۼޡ
»ҹʩ˾ƣһ˯ȥũҶڼ󣬺ҹе򲢲һ±ϨԭһֱûпԼ๫òֻи֪߰ݰˡ
»ĵڶһ磬ʩԺ࣬ܵγΪԭһ˯ͣȻûܼ
Ҷ忴ʩʱ̫ʩתͷҶĿԣȻɹЦݣ۾ȴǵĮû˿ϲ
ŮС㱻ǽ裬ˣƢЩݣĵȴǲģεԣҲͬͻܻģͬĸѾ˵ˣҲѾ˼ԣպȻҶ俴ҶλʮֲǱϾԼʮŮ˵仹ҪΪѡ
ˣҵӣұһ壬з˭Ҳ뿴飬Ҳҿǲܣʹίģλȥһͬ˺ú˵˵ģϾѾͬҳףӦóΪ̣ÿʲô鶼鷳ĸСҲⲻȥ
ʩⷬҶҶĸΪҶĸЦ۾ץҶֲ˻Σһྡӡ
ԭΪҶͬʩȥҲǲ鲻Ըģû뵽Ĳ죬ʩ˵ģһٶҶҶĸĲ١
ѿ쵽磬˵綼ûлܲŮôȥҵȵȣĸ³ҺΣҶʱĻŭſʩԽԽ˳ۣʩԼ
ʩһϲЦտҶתͷһֱͷʵĬĬҶ忴ȥվܾҶ󣬡˵Լʵڲƴǣɽʵڲ㡣
СӸմسǻţſڵţʵ㣬պʱ䷿㣬СȻˡʩ˴λȻܿ죬ʵĲûж١
ԺգոչŵӱͬļִһԻңʩԲʲô顣
Ҷʩţſڵȴ֪ʩ˴β׼ԭϵЦҲ˶٣ܿͻָ
ˣЩʰóȾˡ
ֵĺѹ󣬷һʱҶĸҶĸ첲ʾҶ˵ЩԼ̬ȡ
๫ҴˣҲΪһЩëƤС¶ײɩͬ󳳴֣ҵĲԡұ֤˴λȥ֮úͬɩǸõǵԭ¡Ҷ˵̧ͷһ£ȴʩԾǸģ·ûҶ巽ŵĻ
ҶԭΪԼѾʩŭ񿴵ģ֪Ͼͼгܶ飬˭Ҷ㲻ú¡
뵽ҶͬҶʹ˸ɫҶ˵ЩʩЩƢ޶ܲһֱš
Ҷ忴ҶĶ󣬲ûжǵҶɫԽԽҪԼ˵ʱһվʩεĲԣ๫ٸһθĹµĻᡣ
ʩҲ֪ԼǲҲҪиȣϾҶң̬ȸ߸εĲճˡ
Ҷֱ̫ӣʩҲԲˣ̫ˣΪӵ๫ΪȻӵģϣӲҪΪʧźã
ʩվߵҶԣʮҶ巽ŵĻ
ҶҶ巽ŵ̬ȻǲϿңʩû˵ʲôȻҲ
 壬һҪס㷽˵ûȥ֮һҪТš
Ů֪ģĴ᷸ڶ顣
ʩԹҶͬҶĽԼСӣԭΪǸֻᳳֲݵøм͵Ĺ
Ҷվߵʩߣֵ˵һ飬๫֪ˣһȥ֮϶úõǸģ๫ֻܿžͺá
ʩԼ̬ȣסҶ֣ҶҶĸǡ
ϣܹúͬŮӣܼˣƢˣżҲңÿ˶ġԽԽԶţҶĸ˼µĳ
ж︣ǵٶҲáҶͬĸ̾Ҷĸ˽ȥ
ţϵҶ岢ûеôɣȻʱǸһ׵ũӣǱֳĬıѾ¯ˣҶ˵ƽﲢԼǸ죬ҲԼЩܲסա
ҶҲûе£Ͼô˵ʱʮ߰꣬ѧ·ϣϵƼ㿴ģʵֽϻ¡
Ҷţһִһʩвϸ̾Ȼһźÿ
ĬĬһԼжʱֹۣҶϵͳĵһӦǸıԼӦԼȥٱһЩ


 3 

ҶڳԼǰ۵׼ʷϣʺʹõķ͹ߡ
ʱϾǸڵḶ́Ҷ岢ûһֱ˼ȥʱϸС˵ݷһߣԭϵͳΪɽģκϵͳȴһֱûлӦԼֻطС˵
ϸ˵Ҷ崩Խʱ䣬С˵ݲûʽʼС˵ҪǴȥǿȡְ˸֪Ϊʦ֮²ʽʼҶʱΣֻлʱдݲϸ
ҶһֱĥС˵ݣûиоţѾˡ
ֱһر䵭³
Ҷ̧ͷŷʩվţԱ䵭ؿһ׼ʲô۶ӵģ
Ҷûͬʩ֪ʱʩӡ󼫲˵ʱ򻹲ֱӲ˵ֱӡ
ҶͬʩһǰһţòҶ忴һһʩĽŲߣƺܿͻᱻʩڴڡ
²òͷҶҲֻԼɧŬԼҪһЩ߰飬ʩĽŲЩصʩҲźá
ʩסڴٴĲ֣ʱǴΪֵʱʩǳĺô򽻵ʩոյõŵĹȢϵϱڴǱ۵Ļ⡣
֪Ҷ»鲻ñԻ֮󣬴ٴʩҵǺ棬ũæʱ򲻺˼ֱӹѯʣǰסкصģǰӵؼҲҪƸԶ·ʩſ䣬ʱʩſҲۼ˲ˡ
ʩСͬϱˡû߽ʩſڣҶǰкһʱЩϰߣҲû˵ʲôֻǸʩͷЦЦǴкˡ
ʩǺͣͬл˿쳣ͣͬźҶʱˡ
вٲƲȥһǵ˲ٺöɡѺȻҲ˲˵Ự
Ҷ̧ͷһ˵ĸŮմӵ߳Լݣָȫδϴ࣬һ˫۾ʱУʩеĶʱĽּڽ
Щʳũæʱ򣬸ҸŷЩõĳʳü˺úò۵ԼӡˣԼȥ嶫ͷǣαضű˼ĶҶոտС˵ʱӿˡ˽⡱
ʩ쳣ʹޱԼǰ˵ģʱǰǸСʱǰ˵ʲôĻǵ治ܷȥҲһţȵ˺ʵʱǶԷùʱ 
ôţҶЩ˵Ůˣűǻӿڳĵ䷶ˡԸ⸾Ժͬʩϣһûʲôùӳԡ
Ҷ뵽Լͷϣ۵ˣʩһˡҶ岢ۣʩѧϿԼʱ仹ţֻҪպҷƢúͬʩ˴򽻵ǻġ
ֻҪʱʩҸĸ΢һ㣬պ󼴱ûи飬ʩҸĸϣʩӦòΪ
ߴͲɴǣĸΪ͸ǵĶǹƴǲТʩɫģûʲô仯վһԺ˼Ҷһ
ҶԭΪʩ˿϶ֵһԣʲô鶼պ󱨸ˣȴ뾹ȻʩĻػ
Т쳣أʩТǸŮҲ˵Щ·ֻƤЦⲻЦ˵Ź⻰˵þǺҼﻹ±㲻˵ˣˡ
ǸŮҴææ뿪ӣҶ֪ԭƢӵ˲˲ʩ˵Т˶ȻҪ˵ֱ˵ˣʲô֪ġ
ˣղŻ˵ôȥء˻δţʩĶʩ
ˣʩĻո£ʩҸĸѭ˳
ϱȻ㶯ЩǳԷšһ½½ߵſڶһһ˵֡
ɩɩҶһĺˣʾԼϵ̬ȡ
춼Ҫˣʲôȥ˵˰Σջʩϵ˵һ䣬һ˷ϡ
Թ֮ɫѾװҶԭԼȥϴ룬úñˣǻж㱻ʩҶɩһ仰˻ѾˣһûйģڵϹĵýȥѷ붼ˤСǲСİԼˤοǴġ
Ҷ廹һ䣬ʩĸˣ϶ϱ˵ǣϱŰɡ
ҶʩĸĻ俴ʩʩɫƵؿҲֻϾŶɩ˵ĶԣûԼʲô֪ȥ֮󷴶ǰﵹæ
Բ֮ǰô˵ģҴˣϣԭһءҶĥһȦջǾôֱ˵ίһ㣬ʩ˻룬ʱòʧ
ԭҲǶӺ˵ˣô˵˼ʵ
⻰һʩ˵ɫԺת˲٣ʩҲ˳ջߣҶѹ᲻١
ϱסȻͬѾɻˣǾһˣһܻҵܲһֱ֡ʩϵǰһھƺȵͬҶ˵
֪ģ֮ǰҲԣԺ϶ʵʵģܶǶһˡ
ϱȻ֪ˣαˡʩϵû˵ʩĸֶ˼䣬ˣҪȥԺϴ϶Ҫµأϴϴȥ˯ɡ
һ˶ܿ죬ü㳹˰ҶͬʩͬһŴϣһСҪ˯ȥʱʩ
ǵ˵ĻСñӴˣС˵׵ʱǰ˵Щʲô˵ãҶȥɣʩҲ档
ûйҶ俴ʩı飬ȴԼʩвʱģ
ʩǰѾ͸ˣҶ̾˿𴲴·
ϣÿˣ̨ϻרŸĺ࣬ȥ˰ɣʡ˵ʩŰ㡣
Ҷոմ򿪷ţʩҶɩ˵⻰һԼƽǧҪͬɩ
 㲻ǻ׼ȥԺժʱʵģ㻹ǶЩɡ
ɩĴߴ٣ʩҶɩֵҶһۣԱߵĲԺȥ
ɩǸӣ˵ʱе壬ǺõģҲȥȥԷɡʩҴɩοҶԼеľͰȥ
ҶԼ緹ȥҴҵģЩⲻȥ


 4 

ҶԹ緹ʰһͨźúôһʩҵԺӣʩȻ࣬ǼкҲǶģΪʩһ鷿⣬˶ûǻδ޵ʩСҲ֮ǰͬʩҴסͬɩŮһͬסġʩҳ˶ɩʱЩ⣬ӵǹ򣬼ٳܡ
뵽ЩҶֻһԼ̲ס̾˿ĶԼģ
ٴ˿ڲ࣬ÿÿǽŵģǰиԵĿյأԼЩ˻֮ĻƣҶǰһȦ֮ѾˡҶԼҲ۵Ҷһֱò˵ɳ֮ء
ϣææǼ𣿵ȵǽʰɾҵţҶոմӺԺƻһֻŻվˮ˵Ķɩ
Ҷ屾һóܵˣǰܹڱ鷳ôԲ˵һ仰ġʩҶɩĻҶ屾ܵΪԼĬһӣΪʲô֮ǰҶܸոճױܹԼֵҵĵزˣҶԭӾͲãԶɩ˵ʽȻҪһСһ󳳵ġ
ɩأҶûдӶɩĻ磬ϣܹ˰˸ɡ
ȻʩҶɩûȷᵽҶ˼ΪҶһΪλҵ¡ֵ̫ǱҲվԼˣֻܸĻһҲҷһƨ
ɩں԰أΪ˭һС㰡óӰֻϧнСûнСȥҲǰϹҶ岻Լ֮ʩҶɩǱ䱾Ҷੲݡ
ôͣ˲˵һҪһСײʲôôôңɩ۾һɿҪͬҶ峳ܵӡ
ɩǲ˼ֲɩһ۾׼ű˿֪ģһΪǼСҷͣ׼ϳȥأû뵽ǶɩҶԾһЦеӣ˿ģʩҶɩĹǺ
ȻɩԸңҲͲˣȥҴɩûʲôġ
Ҷԭ׼ͬʩκγͻģϾ֮ǰ鲻ʲô𣬵ȷʵǲռһȻЩҪʩҺúˢøжȣҶȻҲйƻȴû뵽ԼɩôͬԸ
ҶԼѾ㹻ˣԼͺ񱻶ɩ˺ӱ䱾Ҷ岻̵ˣȻҪͬʩҴùϵҲƽ޹ܵ۸
ɩոձУЩɩվڷӺĲ˵ؽҶͬɩ߰˰ˡ
ɩˣҶһ»û˶˵֪ɩǸиĻҶͬ
﷢ֵģɩ֮ǰһ̥ЩżסЩƢЩպҪǲϰߣͬɩ˵䣬㣬Ҳ⼸µʱ䡣ʩҴɩոժ˷ŽԵȥ
ũأҲȽˬʩʩĸ緹ʱ͵ͷԵġȵʱʩҴɩŽ鴦ɫҲȥŸɻ
ŴɩȰ棬ʱҶ御ܵزͬɩ档ɩҲҶΪˣӴɩ뿪ֱ֮ӽԼӣҲû
̫бҶڽԼյ񳹵ƶ˳ʼ׵صһ󲽡ٴĵλҶ忴ǺԽģɽˮϵľҲԶҾҶĹ۲죬ٴ廧˼Ҷţ
ţũǸϡһһͷţҲżĲ廧˼ҷ·ѾˣũæʱʮһʴûҪȥϵģũһʣԶʩҴĴ˵ȥϲʲôѵ顣
ҶڴߵԣҪúϢһȥɽȦ׻ҪҷŵһߣȵԼɽȥ֪ƻ
ҶȻῴʱſѾػصӰҲƶϳҪЪϢʱʱٲȵԷʱѾȫˡũһǲģܹĨڽе飬 
ҶǻġոմѧҵʱÿҶ徭ѹܴԼѧȻһֱǵײҪÿ춼ΪԼʡ˲СһǮȻȵҶ˱ҵĵһֻµĹֳ˳е顣
һˡҶվ̨ǰԴſڴһΪİ߳ȥͿɩѾſͬŵˡ
Сûˣÿɺãɺã⼸û۸ɣɩһʻԿͬʩҴ֮ϵ
ɩһжãͷķ̥ɣʡġʡպʮÿҽҩ
ʩСõĻû˵꣬㱻ɩüЦشĻСãҲ֪һˣҾ֪СҡЩҲ֪ĵġ
ҶһֱվſûжȻ֪ʩɩ仰˵ģҶ廹ǸλЦԼɩǸصˣֻǲ֪Լǲ֮ǰǵˣԼۡ
ɩʩСÿվſڵҶ彫ԼһǵϱҶʱûлֹ죬Լȥһ˲Ų鲻Ըģ֮Ҳһֱڼȥء
ʩСüͷҶɻͲΣûж˵ʲôǶҶµͷ̵Լȥ
Ҷ忴ʩСãͻȻ뵽Լ֮ǰԺʱϵͳԼѡһʩСãҲ֪ǳʲôŻᱻϵͳѡУ뵽ҶʩСõĺһ㡣


 5 

ҶϸһʩСõĴţֻܿǸܰɾŮӣܴϵõʲôõϢҶֻʱԼ˼ջʱ׼ˣȵԼһ˼йʩСõ⡣
Ҷ극ʩѾ󶼻ˣҶӳ˳۾ŵؿҶ塣
Ҷ屻ЩϰߣԼҲ⣬ҵһ³Ҳ֪ζΣԿǲгʱ仹磬Щĳʳ 
ϱô³ˣɩɩСòڼ𣿡ʩĸϵķˣʱЩʹǿסԼı飬ɻؿҶ塣
Ҷ޵ʩ⼸˵ˣûнÿγԷʱǱԹֹģʩһӶǲӣʩҶɩż˵Щ֮⣬Ҷʩҿνǳưԡ
Сøջɩæɲ֣ɩҲ̫ ڼʱôԣضۻ˿쳢ɡҶ彫ںãߴʩʩĸЩԷ
ʩС̧ͷҶһۣ춯˶ϧҶ岢ûע⵽ŬԼʳ
ʱûкܶĸоƲסԼʳ̫ҪʣҶ嶨ȻҪסԼġ
ϱ󰡣Բȫ׷ģԽԽȣ˻ЪһЪԲ˶ٶԲ̫ӣʡ˷ѡ֮ʩĸʩСǰȥϴ룬ŶҶ˵
Ҷһ˲䣬˵Լ·ûжʩѾˣƽٷӹӡǾܿҷŲཫ˶ˣûʲôķ˷ѡ
ЩҶֻ룬ϻӦĺúõģ˵Լǵһβ̫պעġ
ԺҪǻɩǣǶˣоĶࡣʩĸȻۣȴûֹҶ
ſҶȥΧתһȦ
ٴλòϻسǶرԶţ˻й̶ȥϳţСӾƽʱˣĺҲ㲶Ϻһ»ʳԶСɽûдܲǳûƽɽеСҰҲ㣬ϾʱҲɽЩϡĶȥǮ
ҶʩҴĵƶ֮Լĳ·;һ·Ϲ۲ĺϸֻʱǴߵɽ·Բûˡ
ɩոոʲôȥˣҶϴţÿʩСÿݵſޱؿԼ
ܸʲôȥȥ￴ҶʩСÿԼֵֹģҷʵ̫أ򽻵
ɩǲɽȥˣʱ٣ȻɽûʲôΣգɩһ˳ŻСЩΪáʩСȻԾɲã⻰ȷʵǹĵĻ
Ҿɽ¿˿зִģȥġ
ʩСò֪ûţҶһתȥ
ʩСҲ֪ԼӦǸʲô飬ϱķǵģҲæƹۣϧջǳĴͬɷ˰뱲Ҳûʲôý
ⱲӴѹӶǲĻΡ
ʵʩСԼҲ֪Լǰģ϶ֵܹ͸ǣֻܹԼ̫ų
£˵ﻹǻƲסǵﵱʱϸЩͺˡҶʩСõĸйӸһ¡
Ҷ޽ʩʩҲðͬÿһ˶ϣǼ򵥵ԶٷҪģֻԼʱŻᰲһԶʩС˵ҶģȻһ뵽Ҷ岢ûж೤ʱԻˣʩС̲סͬ顣
ɩͬǰ첻һˡʩС´ҶһȦȻͬҶദʱ䲻㳤ҲǰˣȻҶʩСõӡ̫̣ôҲʶҶϵʲͬˡ
ʲôͬͨһЩ顣Ҽ޸磬ǾһˣȻǰЩطĲԣСģԺ϶ġҶû뵽ʩСþȻǵһ˵Լ仯ˣҶ廹ǳĽˣϾˢøжҪ˿Լĸı䡣
Сòں˵˵ɽʲôɣҶʩСÿɫѵԼ֮ǰȻϵͳȴ̲ס档
ûʲôɣǱɽ߾Ͷˡ˶ʩСü˵Ȼ⻰ҵӦ˵ãɩҲҪûļ¸һ˸ɽߵġ
Ҷһû뵽ԼոõĳܴôɱˣҾʣӼܵɽ·ùȻСô˵Ǳ˰ɡ
԰ӺҲһյأƽﲢûʲôȥɩԣʩСû뵽Ҷ徹ȻΪ˼ʣϱҶһֱԼΪЩ˼ҳԲݳɲѿʱһֽûжʵ뷨
֪ˣлС롣ҶʩСЦЦ⡣
ɩպҪɽһȥɩһȥ˲˵ЩʲôġʩС룬ջǽ仰˵˳
ǾСպȥɽϿˣһͦɽ϶ʲôģҿ϶ҵġҶʩС֤ʩСղŷȥ
ʩСȻҶ仯ǻ˸ˣȴҲûȥ̽ϾҲƵһ飬ǵٹҪ³ȥˣʩĸҲ׼ѡ£һһҪֹʩĸ磬²źá


 6 

ҶصԼ ԭϵͳҳ˳һϵͳʩСõƽϸϸһ顣˵ҶһĲҶΪƢݶɵģôʩСõһΪ̫ųԼʼӶ˱硣
ϵͳдʩСʮ弰֮󲻹ʱеɷҶ棬ʩСʮ꣬Ǽ֮ף˵ʱʩҸĸѾʼýΪʩСɫ˼ˣǲʱʩҸĸԼģҪˡ
ţҶĵϵͳд˼̸ıˣʣ֮ĵĸԸԼŬֹʩСü޽Լҡ
ʩСԼշת࣬һ۱ϱǸƹɷ޷ߣֻ·ϸ˼֮ʩС͸ĲǺʵĴһ۹ڿеȻ»ˣһҪúðסԼĻᣬٴ䵽ԼС
ʩСõûʲô˵뷨ΪһŮңǶԼĻָֻ˾ò֪ôԼʩҵ
ʩСػһζԼû⣬ʩȴУиҪƾٿԵĸ磬ʩҵҲܵۡ
ʩС뵽Ҷ塣ϱΪӡҶû¹ÿγԷֻҪ粻ڼңǺ۵ģʲôóԵģϲԼռеСǶֵܷһڣ˵³Լˣֱ޲˽ιԼС
ǵϱҶһʱҪԼؼһҪһ죬ǽһȻڳЦҶ壬ͬѰ
ʩСϸϸҶĻ䣬۾һԼĻԼĸǰֶٻɩȴǿԵģܹɩĿ˵ҶĲãʩĸҲһıעġ
뷨ʩСþ¹»ص˴ϣΪ֮뷨һûε
Ҷ㿴ʩСվԼſһҪŵӡ
磬С׼ʲôҶ忴ʩСվԼſһ漴ʵ
ɩѽ緹ѾˣԭɩȥɽϿɩ𴲣ûɩˣҶһ١ʩСЦָָڳԷʩˣϸضҶ͵
ҶʩСõͷӿԼϴٶȣȴԹ˼쿴ʩСϣʩСǸ䲻˵ˣǶԷǸİˣʩСø˵
ҶʩСö䲻ûмİˣǾԳƲϤҶųɻ鲻ãʩСҶ޹֮ûͬҶȥ忴Լҽ㡣
ʩСȴԸԼǰ͵ʩСõҶųϴĻ́ͷʩСһۣѾתȥ뿪ʱ򻹴ҶӿٶȣеĶһʮŮʩʩĸҲʩСõΪȡ
Ҷ尵̾һ˵ⱾʩСûǰʵӣҲΪĥŻǰƣôҶʩСøһϧʩСõһ֡
緹ǳԵķƽ˾ʩҵ׳ֶسԷҪЩȥʩҴɩԷʱżѵŮʩҶɩڿҶ߹Ҳֻķ˰
Թ緹ҶʩСõĴɽһһտһʩСһ߽͵ʱ׳ڵҲ͸ҵĶϱߴ޵Ůڼʰ߿ţǼ׳ģϱŮҲҪһͬµصģÿʱɽܹٵģҲɽȥϾлҪʰ漴ǼҲԸൢ󹦷򣬴඼ɽż˲ϡ
ҶһĹӣһʩСýܣһظ·
ʩСÿһѾϵҶ壬Щǵʵɩӿˣ߲ˣǱ㲻ˣһңȼ˲Ǿͻȥ
Ҷ̧ͷһǰɽ壬ǿҡͷʩС˵ãһˣЩǴǳĵطĲ磬õĲ񶼱ˣ˵ɣҪЩòȥ
ҶɽΪԼ̽·ߵģ·ûʽߣڻȥȻǲеġʩСõ˼ʱǶɽʱɽʲôöҲȻǲ֪ģҲΪҶᶨɽߵ뷨
ʩСÿһԾɼֵҶ壬ûȰ˵УǱߣɽ涨ȻǲȥģֻΧɣɩһʲôĵطǵøңǱߡ
Ҷһߣһ߱ԹԼӣȴûȻ˼ʣǶȻǲģҳ˼ʣɽûʶһЩܹ׵ĲҩϾԼҲʮҪһλ


 7 

˵˵ЦЦɽȥáҶҪעѰ·Ƿп԰׵ĶԶߵĲ졣
ʩСҲҶЩĶ֪нŲ
ɩͬܲһءʩСջǴ˻ͷ̽һҶ뷨˵ҶƻԼԭĻ£Ҷ嵽ֵֵԼҲ֪Ҫϸϸġ
ʩС뵽ԼĻ£Ų˼֣ڸĸֻǸδǵĹȻͬĸ˵Լ£ĸ׸֪ʲôʱʼ࿴˼ңֻᶨ˼Һ֮Ż֪ͬδԶԶļһ档
Сôô˵ʲôһĵط𣿡ҶʵԼյĶзɿرŽڡ
ɩһֱŶɩûͬɩͻǰ֪ɩԭǻġʩСŴһ˼ӣɩûй˼˵ı仯Ҳͦõġ
ɩӵĲ£ϴλؼ֮Ҳ˵ңԺҪͬúùӶȻҪúøĸƢģСõ˼ĲҶ彫⻰תתûʲô©֮˵˳
ʩСҶĽ͵ͷûмȥԱ˲٣ǵϱûͬҶҶһֱҲûκεĸı䡣ԭΪҶͬһ֪ڸĵģǿģҶ岢˫۾Ų
ҶͬʩСñ˵ߣҲȫջɽϷ˰ơҶ忴ŵһƬİƣֱҪסǰʩСã˿ʼСؽڳ
ҩҪҩˣҽĤķҲΪ򵥣˵ʺҶڵĶˡ
ɩЩǸʲôõģʩСÿҶϲģʵ
Щ˵ۣϾŮҼ˭ԼÿһЩҶ˵־ԼͲ¼һ䣬ƣһҩò꣬ɹ֮󽻸ϻسҩ
ʩСõͷûмȥеɻȴԽԽ࣬Ҷ˷ܵʩСҲ̲סӿ춯
ӣЩʱҪҶԻûĻҩͻȻʩСõһ
ʲôʱҶеĶͣʩСһ䡣
ǵӲʱڣҲ⼸ĹسǵԺżٻ˵·ݱҪˣػҲʱ䡣ʩСԼʱҶϸϸ͵
صеʱҶϵ·Ѿʪ͸ˣֻϴһҶûֵͦģԼӦóձȥɽһߣ˶ܶ壬ǲ֪ʩСͬͬմɽֻܽ뷨²ᡣ
Ҷ򵥵ʰһԼؽԼɽջİƴӿ˳ԺɹҶ彫ЩƷֳݣһԼ׼׵ģһ׼ȵʵʱȥҩǮġ
ʩһϰҶʲôɵӣԾûʲôưŸµҶ彫Լļױ˳׼¹һҶסϣҶӣ˵ӹò󸻴󣬿ǸŮļױȴǰ㲻١
Ҷ忴ױʳסȫУҾȻһٶװУôҶԼҲǸСˣϾسʮҲˡ
ԼһҶڽӻȻһ£ԽԽȣҶ彫򿪣ϸϸĴҲ˴ɽвɻҰӶһݾµĸо
Ҷԭɽҵ˰ƣҲȻᷢ־ӵӰǺõֻȥҩ˿˰ƣһжżҶԭڳʳЩ򣬻üϸͺͰһѾǹ˷ˣ˼ʩ˶ӡǸ
˼ˣҶҲֻҽ뷨£ų˻ҩһ⣬ЩǮ飬ϾֻǮǵ˵мױܲһֱɽգü͵ƷֻȶԴʩҲŻû
ʩС˵ʩҪˣҶҲû뵽ʩڶ㵽ˣʩʱҶҲոմӴٴ嶫ле⻹ûü¡
ʩ๫ˣվС˵Ҫˣôͻˡ
ʩͷû˵ǿҶеĶ
ҶʩεЦЦũæɩɩǶ˲٣ûʲôģ˵вӡҶ˵ӿٶȥڵﻹزɩСȥ˺ժˣûʲô飬㲻ĿԻ·ȥ￴Ҳġ
Ҷ˵Ҳٶ߽˳ȻҲûʩԼ仯õĳ˼


 8 

ҶŲҴҵ߽ܿʩԡʩֻɵؿһ۳ķ򲻹ûֹ׼´飬·ȥ￴ˡ
Ǹո߳㿴˻СԼҶɩ
ˣջɩ˵ؼأ͵˼ңڼпɼɩǻȥ𣿡ʩСһμʩ⼤Щʻͣ
ɩСáʩк֮ӹеĶһͬȥŻȥֻһˣģ׼ʩ˵ʱӲһֻɣ·ʮֲϰߡ
ũæʱ򣬴󲿷ʱɩķʩСһ˵һߴʩɫϱʩ״Ԫ֮ȥģȥ֮ǰѾҶجġȻҲɩĲԣͬɩĽӴǾͬϱӲһϣԼɩܺúദԡ
ʩСػһˣŮǲƽģԼɩֵͬòɿίҲֻɩԼʩСȻ˺ܶ࣬ϻ˸߲ҵӣֿ˿Ҷա
ʩɩһԿʩСһֱҶģЩۣҶҲ˼ķʲôÿġ
ѡ˳ĬϾҶǼˮģԼʱҲô͵ģźӣлũæʱڳԵˮûġ
Ҷڳһе⣬һޱ߼ʵţɽջ˰ƣɹĿǰãֻȽʷλպʱȥҩϸ
ûҩҲϣũæʱʩҲͬһȥϻسǵģ뷨ҲֻʱһߣǿڻǰȻôȻ裬ǵĵĵҲǿеģҲȿܱʲôϡ
˼ҶеĶҲʩСÿҶĶһЩߵҶ߽ҶеĶ˳µؽҶϳ˳

ʩȻˣǶҶԳ˯ʱԱ߶һ·Ҳûж仯ÿʱʩ͸ͬʩµأʩؼʱҶҲԼı¨óȥĽڽд˶ʼʩСûţڷҶĲнΪƫƧĵطߣҲδζš
Ҷͬһ֮ϴ׼Ѿʪ·ϴȥȴܾ·̫ʣеĲƥϽм֮ҶеĶȥʩСõӡ
ʩСڷЬףҶ屧Ųƥ̧ͷЦЦɩôˣеĲƥ·
ҶͷĿʩСԾûͣµУҷʰֹкüƥòƥóСðҳۣЩʲôãʡķڹｫƥŻ߹ʱˡ
ɩ㾡ܷģ·ʲôҪҲ˵˵Ҳ֪´Ļɫʲô㾡ܷġʩСýԼеЬ׷£ӹҶеĲƥ
Ҷ岻˼ЦЦЩƥԼҲ꣬㿴ɫʽʲôģҲ
СãҾ˵˵ÿûʱ䣬֪߻ãЩǰҲʲôöûС
ɩӣİɡʱûʲô飬н·ɡ
Ҷ彫ƥʩСоԼеһ£Щƥó֮󲻽õķԼа±еʩҲܼһ·
ɩӣʲô飿Ҷ弴뿪ıӰʩСּʱס
Ҷ岢ûʲôʰΪԼĥʱ䣬ʩСõʻֱ֮˵ҡͷ
Ȼɩ£ҼһЬӣʩС˵ָָԼԵ߿𣬿ﻹԼδɵЬס
ҶȻߣǰӼȴǻģҲûоܾʩСõ󣬶ʵʵӹԱԭЬʼٵ
ʩ⼸ղûնȥ󲿷ʱ仹ڼ飬Ȼ֮ĽԾɲ࣬ʩԾ֮ܵԼӵı仯
Ҷı仯Ƿģ˭ϵӣǻÿռɽ񣬳õʱҲͬСһ˵˵ЦЦЩ򵥵߻ԵȴģԽԽãͬÿ˶ܹкҲ³ʰ
ʩҶؼʱ˵Ҷı֤չֵԼǰʱʩлЩȡ
ҹʩԼص֮׼ʳȴû뵽ҶߵԼǰ
ʱҶͬһզһֱǾˮˮͻȻվԼǰʩЩȡ
ӣôˣ
Сø·ʱԣʲôĵطҲСüĸġҶһ˵һ򴲱ָȥ
ʩԭ˵·СģСҲԴ޸ģǿҶԴڴĿ⣬ʩվߵߡ
ùϱߵĳ֮ʱΪȴͻȻԭ·滹һ˫ոЬӡ
û뵽Сζô죬·СЬֻû˵ʩȴû
Ьϸ˿Ųϸܣһ֪ʩСõա
еЬʩֿԼߵҶ塣
ӣЬģʩЬֿҶ壬˼һȦҶ壬ʵ벻˭
ҶЩ˼΢΢ͷСýҵģһЩ̫ã๫ǲǾͲˡ
ҶҲ˱߽ǵͷɫ𽥱죬ԭ˵Сһȡ
ʩֳؿһվԼԱߵҶ壬ҡͷӵΪ๫вյģӵһαѾǼˡ
ʩĿޣҶԭЩµĻʱ˳СҲô˵ãҵһ಻㣬ЬʲôϽŵĵط๫Ҫʱ˵źá


 9 

ʩ׼μӽǿԵģ˲׼ڼжͣμڹˣ㿪ʼ׼ȥǡڼеӲ
ڼӲãҲ㹻ʩҶĹˡ
ʩԼķ濴ȥҶͨʩСʯͷϣһ˵һ߼ԼеĶ
ʩҶĶ뵽ԼԭĴ㡣ʼҶҶҽӻʱҶĻʩ˵ûκοŵĵطֻΪΪҶҶĸȰ˵ҶȲѲװģǽЩʱҶĸıԽԽ࣬ʩʱĳǾЩ˼顣
ηżٻؼʱԭѾˣҶԾڼ򲻿ܵģʩԼҪѧϰΪнҶ͵ҶҼһӡ
Ի󲻹ǴӸĸСõĿлԼҶڸı䣬֮ǰǾ仰Ǿĺԣ뵽ʩǵЦӿ
δɻǰʩҲԼǷҲкʱ⣬ǳɻ˽ҶΪˣѾϢ˺뷨ٱбʱʩȴҲܹһֱƽ·Ҳǲġ
ʶԼѾʩջԭ˼ע·ŻԼе鱾ҪãԼҪǿоˣҫ鹡
Ҷ̫¿ʩСһһ߶ķɿ죬ԼûʲôȤֿʼƻţѰһЩҰջ֮ˮȺȣ˵һãʤޡ
ʩƾٿԣҶͷβûеĹʩĿԣϾʩڿƾٿϿһ·߸衣
ԼӦõģҶϸԼ⼸յΪΪûʲôĵطȻʩһֱ˳ۣҪ鷳Ҳ޿κΡ
ɩʲôأʩСŸոշ첹õ·Ҷǰ˻ΣҶ˼ء
ŶɩĶӲǶüҷﵹмƥʵĲϣֻǲ֪ӦֱӽϸɩС·֮ٸɩҶʩСõ˵һ䣬ʵ֮ǰ䲼ϵʱ뷨ͬɩһֱô򽻵һʱ֮ԺֱʩСãϾͬɩ㲻϶Ը
ɩģֱӽƥɩɣҼǵöɩɻǰһ߻ҲʮġɩɩƥǳɣɩĶѾЩˣӣ϶ԼӴ͵ЩǸϲˡʩС룬ԼûӦɩ·ĵĻƣԶɩ·ֱͲƥĿġ
ʩСüǵϱӶɩΪǰ£ȥǸʱֵ£ֻжɩͬɩĺӣʱſڵʯͷһӣ˶ɩӣҲûܱס
ͬʩСҶȥ˷佫ԭ׼õĲƥ˳·ʩ鷿ʱʹؿʩһۣȴҲ֪ʩͷ飬ּҴҵ뿪
ȻֻһƳǸҶӡȴʮ̣вֹѹʩܹȲ˵ڶĴϻۣţҲһɣĶѣֻҶͬʩĹϵ̫ˣҶ忴Ҳֹ֮һ
ŵͷʩҶ嵹еһڡ
һڸǿԵģʩҲҺһͬȥǵͬͳΪ·һС鷳һ첢ûиڳŹرǰǣֻڳһҿΪĿջʱЪϢ
ȥϢʱʩȴҿջ׼ǿ׼˵ģʩڿջһС̼ģҲڴʩʦĵŮҲⱾŮ
ǼҿջŮһμĵط˵ʩŮûʲôر̵ӡ󣬲ŮȴΪʩóʱ䣬֮ǿԳɹڻԵɺ֮°ŮΪʦŮĽʲ𽥶
ҪڵҶָ߶ȾⱲӵԸǲҪ룬úͬʩһӣȻҶҲȻҪ취ŮҪô޷ֹ°ʦҲҪŮʽıһ£ŮһӾͶӡ̡
ʩص䣬ԭΪҶѾϢȴû뵽Ҷڷһз䵹
ӣʱѾˣôδϢ𲢲վſڵʩҶĶֻܳߴٵ
ʩҶܿתͷЦ˵๫Ҷһ˵һеĶʩķȥ
֪๫˶೤ʱҪˣǸŮӰﲻ๫ʲôֻ취๫ڸϿ·ϾһЩҶһ˵һ߽⼸Լ˳滹һЩӺһƱ
๫ҪܾϿ·;ңԶûͬ๫ǰЩƳģ๫ӣԭͬ๫һģֻ๫úˣڼеȴ˲ܰġҶдڣǾҪΪʩ׼ЩӺͳʳܰġ
ֻУǿʩ˼ǲᶼܣҲֻڳʳЩˣԽԽȣϿ·;ʮңԶҪúÿһǡ


 10 

ʩһҶеĶӣһӲģֻߺܹͬǺúദϿ·;ңԶڼзʲô⣬Ϊ๫ҲֻͽǣԻչ˺ԼҲչ˺õ
๫ģ˵Ҷףֻ๫Ͽףϣ๫·ϻҪעԼ壬Ҫż·ҲԼҪΪŮûԶţҲ˵๫ԵʱǸǵĶ꼾ڣȥǵ·๫ҪģѡջʱҪһЩҶϸ˼䣬ԭΪ·ʱвŽ˸·ٶȡ
ҶȻԼǶˣʩӦҲ⣬˵ĻҪ˵ġ
ʩҪңеķΧҲԽԽţԵıǳԷʱķϰ˲٣Ȼʩһֱֳ侲ǱϾ˶ʩ˵Ǹſÿһ˶ʮ⡣
ѾæˣҲҪˣϱȥһˣҲͬĸˡ꣬ʩĸ
Ҷϴδһ̬Ⱥ˲٣һֱͺģʩĸҲһձһպãʩϿȥĸҲӦõġ
ڶһҶɽϻ֮¹ﵹڽջҶʱ·Ǵ֮࣬Ŷ˲١
˶Ҷ岢֪Ҳû⣬ȥԺｫ֮ǰɹİ
ԭʹŵȵкʵʱȥϻسǿ ˵ǻңҲʱʡЩʵԼϸգ׬Ǯֱüܾⲻȥ
ʲôЩʲôҶ彫Щ·Žȴʩ
ǰƣ֮ǰͬСһɽʱֵģרŲժ׼ҩԷղաһֱԺƫܽ·ţʩÿղȥæڷж飬˳ʩСúҶûעԺӽһС仯
û뵽ӻʶҩʩ⻰˵ƽƽҶ廹һʵ
ǰʱŸѧ֣ҶЩȤѧʶֵʱлʱ䣬϶ҽƫࡣԭΪüȥҶӦˣǰɽϿȻ˳ȥҩԣܻܲǮҶûѣԭȷʵѧֻ֣ʲôûסˡ
ţˣͬʰõĻͿЩɡʩſվŶʩߴʩ˶ЩڳϷЩմӺԺժ߲ˣȵҶǵôţεţǼģǻֱ֮ӽţȥС
鷳ˣͶʩҶеӹţȥ
ԽԽȣ̫ϣ˵ǳŵʱ磬ǻûϣǰϳʩѾͷˡ
Ҷ忴һ۾ЩⲻȥĬĬؽԼ˳Ϊʩͷϵĺ顣
ȥҩҼǵмҩӿڣǲȥǽûиߵҵʱʮа˾ŲڼУȥҩҸСȥͬҵ˵һ
ʩûоܾҶҩһֻҩҪǻĸģûʱϸԱҩ۸ȽϹʣֻȥԭӡһҡ
ãҩƹ𣿡ʩų̀ڷĵС˵
С´һʩҶĴŴ磬׽͸ΪǰЦӦλԵȣȥԺҼƹġ
֮ǰҩĵļ۸񣿡ʩҶʵ
Ҷɫεҡҡͷ֮ȥڴӵЩ⻹δ˽ۣҩļ۸ԼҪԿˡ
һʩ־ʩ˵ûʽʼǼȻ϶ġ
ҶԭЩεɫת˹ʩЦЦղͬһ֪๫϶ǸԿˡ
ҶȻЦţȴҲǼס˽ѵҪͬʩһֱһ۽綨Ȼ
һֱһĶֵصģֻܲϼ˽⡣
ʩҶЦһ˲˵ĸо⼸ռڼңͬҶĽҲ࣬ϸϸҶı仯ˡ
ôͷҶŻȻԭҶѾ࣬ɫǰ˲١
λʲô𣿡Ҷʩڳ˼ƹĴӺ˳
ƹģİƣģҶ忴ƹ˳ʵ
һǮλǶҪƹĿһվһԵʩûлӦĴ㣬ֶҶ˵
Ҷõ۸˼ƽϣƹɻհҩ
յյģŵҩжҼҶյģҪȿƷС
Ʒû⣬ҲҪһڼôҲƹģƹҲҡҶһ˵һߴóƵݸƹ
˳ҩҶ϶˰ӣ˵࣬ҲĵһͰҲǸԼ˸ͷ
๫Щ߰ɣҵѾ֪ǻϢˣҪڼõȡ׬ǮҶ࣬סʩĸ첲ߡ
ʩһЦ绨Ҷ壬ֵͷӵĵطû˵ĬĬҶĽŲ


 11 

Ҷ˵ҶʱҶҶĸҲոջһĻҶĸɩǣҶһҲȫˡ
ŮվߣҶԼСƶʩʵŮŮģ֮ǰʩҸĸʱǷĶ飬Ҹнʡ
Ѿͬ˵ˣ׼֮سǳʩҶƣʱЩ΢죬ڷϿԹɵģҲûǿװơ
ҶʩߣģʩЦֹŸĸֳҲֻЦЦ˵Щʲô
㷹ҶѾȫˣʩ˵û⣬ǿͨҲ֪Ǻ˲١
һֱʲôҶΪʩǺñ׼뿪ͻȻʩץס
ǲǺˣҶ忴һʩҪ벻ԶĲ豭ݵϣվȴʩԼ߲
ûֻǸոտˣСѡ㲻ҪˣһҪ飬ȳȥɡ˵Ҫ´
Ҷ忴ʩĶ̲סЦ㲻ҵĻô֪ڿ㣬ӦҺ˵ҪٿҲŶԡʱ˶ҪϢˣȥشŵ˵ģԻǺúϢɡ
Ҷʩ˯ĹֺúôһԼװΣе֬ˮʰһͬ׼ЩõĶߡ
ֶͭ´һԼȷԼͬǰȷʵ˲١
ʩҶķвûֻͭǲǷĹ߻̶ȶҶԭ뷿Ҷ忴ܾòģǿһ㡣
Ҷźûа취¼Լصı仯ֻƾ·ĿɳɶжԼļʳɶʼǲȷ
ôˣҶ彫Ҷĸӭ˽ҶĸıΪʲôҪ鶣
Ů˵˵ϴλصʩԺǲʩ˸ˣҪȻ̶̼Ůôô࣬С˲٣ǲʩŰˣԼŮҶĸģڳʳûίԼλô϶ʲôһֱǲŮݣŮί֮ǰŮҲڷϣֱʣֻгŮ˯ˣʡ
ˣݵĶ𣿡⻹ôʱһȷ˵Լ˵ˣҶЩ
˲٣Ůûʲôɣ˵˵ҶĸϸҶ壬Ҳǳ˿ģⲻŰµʱô࣬ôҲŰġ
ģûԿ࣬Ǿ֮·ÿԲżʵġ쿴ŮǲǱǰÿˡҶվҶĸǰתһȦ
ˣܹôͻȻ˼Ҷĸĵһ顣
ҶЦЦЩ˼ϴ๫һؼʱ·ϵһҳӣһ·˵˻ȥǴһֱҵĲԲԼݵ㣬ܴǼ·СҶҶĸּģȻݿڳûпԼ
Ҷ嶯˶ӾҶĸһЩ˵ˣȥԻУԲԼݵ㡣
Ҷô࣬ҶĸҲû˸ʱĵǣһۻڴŵʩ˲Ҷ뷨ȷޱȣʱҪȷʵǸüƻ
ʩʱȻֻǸţϾҪȥϿһǾʱˣǿ٣˺ŮʩҲ˵Ϳɽ
ţҶĸ˲æ˼ҶתȥרȥûʲôӵҩȻȥһǡ
ʩʱҶױǰױȻױ̨ϵǦ۲̫ķɫǿԵأ˾Լô綼ÿ
๫ˣΪרΪ·Ժϲ
£ǱЩȥôҶһ۴ɫŵȻĶʩ˵
ӰűǡЩʩһ򶼲ͬҶ磬ȻҶȥˣȻǴӦġ
ţϵҶʩ˵ҼǵǰֵһӣȥЩȥ
ָ·ǣֻɫ磬ҪЩ
Ҷϱ㿪ʼĥʩϿ·ϴЩʲôʣ֮Ȳ˵᲻ʩʮ֮˾Ҳ¡
ϣϱѧʱûٳ棬ҲٶȹʲôƳɵģомְգⶫûгɹƳɷ棬Ҳᱻ˷ѣ֮ôҲܳԣ˵ʩܡ
ӳʩж˰׺Ͱ棬ţһ֮ͣǰҩſڣҶҩв֮ǰԼľӣ˻ʹϣ˳Ҳһ㡣


 12 

ҶԻصʩԺ֪ʩĳʱ䣬Ըо
ɩĥʲôʩɩų󴫳ζ̲סʩСʵ
Ҳֻ֪ɩ˵Ͽ·ϳԵģһܳɹأɩǺýɩԼȥʣʩС֮һֱϣԼһֱϣԼǿӲһЩЩɹٲǰһʲôԼɣʲô˵ˡ
˵ĹҶ˳
ɩôˣ𣿡
֪ܲܳΣٵȵȾ֪ˡ
ҶմӳȫǺʩСöȻó㼱ҴҵԼȥûͬʩɩ
ʩɩȻĶкѾܳˣҿղҶͷǺӣʩɩȻǻûнȥվſڲͣ
ɩڿҲûãȻطĺ·ɣҼǵɩǰղǸոƥʱæһЩҵСֶӻСֶŮ·𣿡ʩСÿȥԼҶɩֱӽ˵
ɩҲʲôˣɩʲôʵֱ˵ǡ
ʩɩɫһ˲ѿŶӺܿ͵вͬ˳
˵ֱҶ壬Ǿ͸ոҶǸǲͬ˵ʩɩһӵɧ뷢ÿ˵ʱܻ뵽Ҷ͹ƥʱ˵ˡ
ʩɩҲҶ͹ƥԼӳ϶ҪɩŮ·ģҲΪҶʱܾԼƽװһͷʩС⻰ҲˣһͷͰһͷɣ·õġ
Ҷױ̨ǰϸԼϻһֱڻ֮ǰٶȹķǵһ͹ϣиջ
ϻҶԭǴ㽫ʣµӽʩĸеģϾûзּң֮ǰС˵ǴɩͶɩҲûʲôǮ
ǻûü㱻ʩֹˡ
Լ׬Ǯͬ޹ء
Ҷ룬ԽǮֳݣһݸСãһȫ͡
ըḶ́Լպ󻤷ҲҪ͵ģԶһ
ֻҩʼ׬ʲôǮܹҪЩİ취ҶƵԺеԵ˼
ɩ㿴ǳˣҶ׼ȥ꣬ʩСü
Ҷ߹ȥ˿ȻѾ״ֻǲ̫ϣҲԼĵйء
һķ࣬ҶԵȸ֮ɣü˶ζ
ҲϱķҶĸһ۷ϵˮһ۶϶˵ѾҶöΣǲôҶĲǱȱ˵ˮҪһЩ
ζΣҶ嶢ż˵ı仯ʵ
ãôģоƽʱľЩζûʲôҲǿԵġû˵ɩȷ֣ϵı鿴ϲ
Ҷķװ
˵⼸鲻æʩûһܹģԸºӴ˸ǷȥæˡÿùǮǲá
ԹҶеһʩ
๫ʲô˵𣿡
ʩһҶ岻֪«ʲôҩԾճʮַḻӷˡ
Ҷ彫аŵݸʩ
๫⣬Ͽ·ϴһ㣿ҪֻҪһЩˮɡҲˮҲʹõģǻЩɣҪ๫ˮ
ʩеȥ˼飬õﳢ˳նҶϹлӲ͡
ʩô֣أҶ巴Щ˼ܿͷſˣ๫ˣȻ๫ϲұһЩ๫һЩ·ϣֻǲ֪๫ζΣζɻʣ
Ҷ˵ֽϣ˵ʼʩ·߿һЩҪŮǼȻˣǲļֵЩֵˡ
⵽ǴʩЩͬϣҪͬʩ˵׵ġ
๫ٵⶫóȥЩϿг·
ŸϿ·๫⣬Ҳ˵ǿʮϸ񣬴ȥĳʳǸӲҪģͲһˣױ滹˱ǡ
һţⶫУǸҺСöɩҸģ๫أҶԽ˵۾ԽԼⶫܻӭǣֶҪʩȥźʡ
ʩ·侲ӣֽ˼֣лм鷳
鷳鷳ֻֻһˣ๫Ҫձ㿪ʼ
ͷ׼ˣǮּǰԼʫĻᣬʱҲǮֳ


 13 

ʩϢҶ˲侫Ȼʩ˴ǰȥϿͬ࣬һÿҪ㣬ճɹҶ˵Ҳǹˡ
ֻǸտʼܲƾⶫ׬Ǯù۲һ˵
ȻˣǽϢ߼ˣܹôɩڼаæǾ͸ˡҶʩ˵˵ֻҪʮǵһܹҪһЩģߵļڶɩУҺСЩæңɩҲģôɩ°æ
ʩͷҶȥȽ֪ǣ㻹Ҫʲôһ㿪ʼ׼
˵ϵ׬Ǯʩеĺû˵ʩĸѾʼȵʶ
һֻʩôһʶֵˣ˵ʱãǴЩӲͷȥʵҲὫͷһ򿪣˿ʲô˶˭֪
ʩֲһ˵ӣʩȻǶԿ֪⡣
ǣ๫ʹϿͬˣǶ˵Ը·ϳҲ㡣Ҷһ˵һѸոմӳóݵʩʩĸС
ͬǶԸ򣿡ʩʩĸн⿴˿ʩʵ
ǵģʫľۻʱʹͬⳢ˳ԸⶫȴͷζЯ
ϱȻǾȥ˵лᣬܲܰװ׷Ź׬ǮĻᡣʩĸصһԾг˼ʩİ
ҪǼʲôȱĶ㾡ܸңѾҪʼ·ˣȻͬͬѾ˵ˣҪЩ
ϱ㻹ʲôȱģǮ㲻õģ۵Ǯлܹóġʩĸ˵׼ķȥҶּۿס
ãǰЩ๫ʱոͺۣĶءҶסʩĸ˵ֻɩУҺСæɩҲڼΣ
ﲻЩǮ飬ΪͬϲǰǮʩеǮóʩĸ
ʱһζҶҲɹ񣬸ʩҴһǰسʩ뿪
ӣЩҶţͻȻһǰȥ
ʩѸٽסһת֮Ҷ㵽ʩĻС
Ҷ忴ͻȻŴǰһξʩֵ󵱼뵽ҺЩԼ˲٣ҲΪʩˡ
л๫ˡҶʩĻɫ΢졣
ʩһ˼Ÿ·˲ûʲôʱ䣬ܿʩ뿪
Ҷ忴ԽԽСӰԣҶʩĲи¶׵ľġ
лҪ˵Ĵ

 14 

ʩ뿪ҶӲûʲô仯ֻżҹܾ÷ЩʲôҶЩ鲢ģҲûʲôʾǿʼר־ؿʼоԼ׺ͼҵ
ȻѾСɣҵȴǸո𲽣Ҷ岻˿
ҶԼ׳ɹ֮ȥϻسһЩ˼ҵļ⣬Ŀǰֻ룬ȥϻæûԴͷسǿ϶һĪչġ
Ҽüʻ׵ķ׬Ǯʩ˵ӿ϶ԼǮţǵɹãʩûзּҵĴ㣬һֱĿŵ˽ǮˣǴɩ˵ʲôɩǱ߿϶ҲĦ֣ɩµĹҪҶʵǲ⡣
ȻҪһǲǼʻ׶һڵ񣬶ڿЧȻҲʲô롣
Ҷһţһ߿ԺԵĴѾ
Ѿ꣬ƽﲻǸڴɩǸСҶ˵ǺѾ񿴵ԺӴѾŶԹɵӣԼҲ¶Цݡ
ŴѾеԼµ뷨ǶҪѧģҲһֱرܣʱȶҪĶ࣬ȻܹڶһгδûС
Ҷг˵Ķûͣȴ˺ܶࡣ
ڴӵķʩĸ˼ѾҪ깤ˣ⼸ĥſûж̹Ļƣûʲô÷æģܲÿ˶ڼţŮ˵ǿڼʰһ£ܹҪһƵġ
ԼܹƾⶫǮҲʱʱ̳̿ȥϾⶫ򵥣ҲɿЩ
ͬһȥϿ극Ҷʩĸ
ʩĸ⼸ʩȥѰһƣҶҲԼȥϿ֮ǰ˵ӵиСͷԭԼûʲôӡ󣬶ϴλҲûߵķȥȥȻͷ϶Լʵؿлеƻ
ϱҿʩĸһǺ˵ģҶϣȥҲǲУֻҶմһãʩĸЩ֣һ䡣
Ҷ嵹ûʩĸ󷽷˵Ȼˣǿ϶ҲЩ˵ģ·ϵʱ䵽׻ЩֻڿʱҪ˾Ͳһˣһ굽ͷģ¶޽ͷʱȥϿǸʲô
ϱ⣿ʩĸ⻰˼ᡣʱ˵ĵλʱײģȻǮũҳģͶ·˭
ʩƾٿߵǡʿ·ҶûҪеݽΪ̣˷ʩƾ١
Ҳ⣬СС֣֧ŸС̯СģũʱеһݽˡҶ忴һʩĸԾɽüͷϸ͵ֲ˵ģ̯СǸ룬ǳʳܵ͢ġ
İɣ㿴ҵҵˣǲˣͷİɡ
һͬȥϿʩĸ뵽Լҵ׼ҹҲҶ˵ûҲżģСܱ˵ģ̫ˡ
ɩСڼҿɩͬȥϿʩĸվʩɩе·ԽԽȻĿǰǿ׳ʩĸײҽһ˷ڼУСһԿţСñϾСûгɻ飬ܶòģʩɩҲڼ˿ŵʩɩ⣬ҲͬԼŮú˵˵ϾЩʩɩһֱææȥһֱûͬŮúദ
Ҷ룬ջǳڶʩĸ˵һҶȥɣũУöɩҸ򿴿ϾԽԽô򿴿ҲһЩȥ˶Ҳö֪Ϣ
ʩĸҶĻ˼ҲʩɩϾʩͷһ̥Ȼʩû˵ʲôԼǵܹ˽Ӷһ̥ĿأҶ˵ãô򿴿ܹûлµġ
ϼĵǷ꣬лЩǮǰҶǮҲԼмȻǮҲǶȻϱ
˵ûͬһ£ȥţСҲпʲôҪĶȥϺиƻ
Ҷ忴ʩĸԶӰĵظԼ˸͵ơ
һֱվʩĸҶ̸ʩСҲ˼ƽϣûǴĻʱϱӵǸ쵰ɷʱϵѧͽء


 15 

һֱǹҪȥϵ飬ҶϢĲãεϱӵʩСá
ϱʩСͬûʲôһֱģܹžͱţʩСǲþͳ޵СʵϱӸûʲôӡ
εʩСóɻľ󣬱ʱʩѧУͬżҲǼ²һ⣬ʩСڷҵ˽⣬ʩСǸӣڷίҲǻ
ʩСóʱǸԼҵĻ쵰ܹסԼӣżµʱ䣬ԭα֣ʼȾȥķʩСá
ҶһԾɹڸ߿е´ϵͳҳ档
ԭΪԼǿͬϵͳģʱʵȴϵͳʮа˾ŲԼֻܿϵͳϸ˽ʱ
ʩСʩⱾС˵гںŮʱᵽˣǺ޴ڸеġʩСõĴҪһ
ʩСŮھӣŮŮʩСڼвùʩСຣʩСԼһֱסˡ
һʩҵԺӱϾһһŵԵʮֺƴҶ忴Լеİⶼ⼸ʣµȥһϿ
ԭҶиСֱ̯Ӹʾһķ֮ǽձϾ˶࣬ȴֻһţʵǲ̫ĶϵԼǴͺá
ʩһӿھƷֱˣʩ϶ȥҽݿҴ򣬶ʩĸʩɩʹѾ߶żȱĶĽֵȥ
ʩϴǰ·ȥ׼ǷӵϵУջ費Ҫ֡
ϱСȿţͬһ궫һȥźøԵҪʩĸعͷҶʩСʵ
ʩСһֱǹǰǸ쵰ɷ飬ûʩĸʻ
Ҷ忴ʩСʧǵӶʩĸ˵ʹɩȥɣͬСȸ
СãôҶקʩСõһ䡣
ʩСôԼ˼лعͷʩĸ˵ʹɩùǣҺɩԵġ
ҶʩСòûмȥϵͷɵһҶ۲쵽Ȼ˶Ǻܳ㣬ǶСҲǹˡ
СãСʲôҶ忴ʩСõĶ̲סʵ˳ʩСõҶ忴ֱߵֻ̣ǸʮͨӣҲ֪ʩСõڿʲô
û£ҾǺôģ˵ֻһ𣿰˵ӦôġʩСһ˵һ߻
ҶȻ֪ʩСҪʲô˳ʩСõ˼ʵǽȥɫ磬˳㿴˵ҪĶء
ʩСɫЩᣬҶһ¶ĵȽȥ
߽Ӻȴ沢ûˣҶ仰Ҳû˻Ӧ
һľӵѧͽ˳ʵλ뿴ǲˣһҸոżȥҽˣ㿴⼱ŶûüأҸע㶯ءˣȥľ￴ûкʵģ
˵ѧͽЦˣֻܲܿȥ
ҶЦЦС˵Цˣֻǲ֪Ƿʲôҽݾϣαôæ
ʩСȻû˵ǿѧͽʱ۾Ҳ˺档
ѧͽΧһȷû˽ŵ˵˵ͽܱ˸ˣⱲӾôһͽܣŽŮ޸ͽܵģͽܳɲż𣡡
ʩСõɫԽԽ֣ҶһʩС˵֪Щʲôĸоֲ֪ԭʱȥᡣ
ѧͽʵ֪ͽΪʲôᱻֻһȥͽܼûȥ𣿡
ѧͽͷػصǶôô࣬ҽãԺ˵һ˵
ѧͽһ˵ţһڵҸ£ͽԣֽʲôģǲ̫ˣƽ˵һЩĵĻǿͲǸʵġĸĵǲҲûĸ˵λΪȥĳǷǮűġ
ѧͽ˵ԼЦЦ飬ǲˣҲ֪ʦͽֻûˡ
˵ˣһæȻȥˡѧͽڰ뿪»صԼĵ̡
ҶתͷʩСȴʩС۾ѰʲôҶתͷߵضҶ˵ȥķ˶ȻʲôˣϻؼңûʦͽֲǶԵġ
Ҷ㣬ȷԼ뷨ʩСÿѾˣѧͽϱӵɷ
Ҷʱûж˵ʩС˳һ˵ȻûˣҲõʱˣֱȥͷΣ
лҪ˵ǿԸҸ

 16 

ϵͷ󣬲Ҷ˻ɣһˣͷ֡
Ҷ˸С̯׼ȴڵ
ϰˮСҶʩС˸ϰϽ¡
⹻ðҶϰеĲ뻷ܸ̾
һôôֵʱ򣬾ùϵˡϰϸһҶʩСõĴ˵λҲҪģʲôģ
ҶͷһԼʩСõװϰЦЦϰȻʶˣҶȷʵ׼˴
ϰÿն𣿰˵ͷΧӦֻԱӵһңҶһͷͷܱߵľʵЩȡ
ȻʱͷȷʵģܱССʵ࣬Ҷһ㶼һ
ͷСͣҴҲƽﻹͦеģССʱ׬Ǯʱ˾ֻˮĺԱǸӵˡϰЦŽ͵鵹ǶԼûвѾϰˡ
ϰĻҶߵİʼĥԼһ
ҶԭͷԼͷڸ̯ճԴˣϰ˼ǰ̯һΣĻҶԾЩֵˡȥʵԼ档
Ҷ忴һɫԼҪڵȵȣͷװж½½ͣӵС̯ʱҶתͷϰ˵ϰٸһˮ𣿡
Ҷ忴ԽԽ࿪ʼ׼Լ棬Ͼⶫֻݿζɢ˵ųԣҶĿȺЩԷˣġ
Ȼȵζɢʱܱߵ˾̲סˣΧ˹
ҶͷԼ๻ģֱˡ
ȵͷɢȥҶϰϰոյ龰ҲˣΣ
Ҷ忴һΧȺ˵֪ϰΣ
ϰŸղŵĳ棬ҪԼĶǼٵģ˭֪ⶫܲܳõ˼ӵϰҲ˹
ЦеʵλʲôأҲ
ϰЩεЦʲôģûʲô顣
СոóʲôҿΣϰ彫ԼĻͷתҶ塣
Ҷ룬Լʣµ˳ϡ
ͬλ̸ΣҶ彫ֱݵǰ 
ֻҪˮܳȺ棬һζġҶ˵ָѾȺ㿴ھõ֤
Ҫ⣬ѽϰЦЦ˵ԭֻһӵģ̯Լ϶ܵӰ졣
ϰȱ𼱣ⲻ̸ͬ𣿱֤Ǽ˶е׬ҶЦŽ͵


 17 

ǳģ϶ƭλҶ˵קסʩСõĸ첲װƭҲûʲôôѽ
ǶҪȻ໥һóôණʱ߶ֲ˺ô˺˵İһҲһʱһΣֻҪλң϶ǲġ
⻰˵ãĻԼͿΪʲôҪϰҡҡͷҶ˵
ҶķȷʵãǽԼҲԡ
ӵѾͷ̸ģʲô˵˼˵Ҫ˼Ҳ㣬ĶˮϰЩԭİϰҲû˺ɫ
ҶЦЦϰ˵ǷҪôҲû취ʱһӺϰҲǿԵģϾⶫҲʲôѶȵ˵أ
Ҷڹ۲֮ԭֻͬϰһһֻ̯ȻӵϰѾˣҶҲԸ˽ôӣϰô룬⵹粻
뵽ҶתͷԲϰ￪ʼ£ϰ⶯Բȥӵϰ壬ϰӵһʱѾܾˣ߶׸ʲôƢԼֺαռһȣֱͬϰ̸
֮ǰķѾ˵ˣԸĻãԸĻͲãѾͬûʲôϵˡ
ͷĳǰû뵽ģȻܹȥѾˡ
Ͼⶫʲôϡ⣬Ļȥúÿⶫ˲ܱоҶⲢһ׬Ǯķӣֻܵǰڵһʱۡ
ϰصԼ̯λϲ֪ڳ˼ʲôϰﵹǺܿģǲݣƽˮҲǳģⶫַ㣬Ŀ϶һ㣬֮ǰҶ˵ԼҲӣԼûʲô뷨
Ҷͬϰ˵պ֮ͣϰԼȥʩҽˡ
ҶʩСõӿȥһ·Ҷ嶼ĥԼӦμ׬ǮǮСǮͲܸıʩĿǰȱǮ״ʩҪԣҪ֧ŵġ
СãϱôԶԶʩĸ㿴˽ֵϵ˺
ˣͬͷǱߵ˵ˣʹɩô һ˱߱˵ֻܿصţͣµĵط
ʩʩҴֱϹģһ˲Щȥ
µҶԽʩĸߣܿһߵ֮ǰӡ
ʱѾˣҴ濴٣ҶʩСõĽ֣Խʩĸ˽ȥҼǵüĹ̫ˣеСȥ
˺ܶ࣬Ǵ󶼾ͬһط໥˽ţҶתһȦûпˣʩĸѾȺʼˡ
˵ͽȥķǷǮ˸ˣҶԷ˵ǲǮɲǴһôˡʩĸԵһһ˵һ̾Ϣ
ȻҪͬͽܼϵ˭֪ͽܵĸ׾Ȼ˵մȾϰǮӦ֮ǰ⽫ԼŮ޸ͽܣȻûڣ˫Ϥ˶֪ģ飬ͽܼҾͼˣȳǮȻٽŮ޹ȥںԺƤأʣû˹ˡ
ָǰͷڶĵط˵ԱһֻǸ쵰մҽݱ̧ػأҲǵùʵʵһӣ˭֪ôһͽܣԺ󻹲֪ôأ
Ҷͬʩĸ˳һʩĸһ߶˰˭֪ôأһҲǵù˭֪ᷢ顣ȻŮ»Ҫϸ㣬ʡԺԿ
ڸСÿ£Ҷʵ
СҲˣǰճŴӵʱ˸ڴӵ˵ýѾЩˣҾûкʵġ
ﲻٶҼ˵ýģҲϸȽϱȽϣСóԿ
ʩĸЩɣͷ˵ýһҳаģҹƶġ
Ҳר˵ýģҼǵø岻ǰִ߽ŵ㣿һ˶һҲá
ʩĸͷӦˣĥŵλȥȥżҿСûСǶߣҲոֺöļֲˡ
ʩĸԹĥţԼҪϸ·ĸӵģ˵ýʱñܿһ㡣
Ҷ忴һֽתصϣͬʩĸŻؼ֮ôղŵԺ󣬶ҶǿţԼһҵ˼·
лҪ˵ҳԸĴ

 18 

ʩСõĻ£ҶʵӦù෢ԣϱʩСõĽҶЩֵ̲ס˵䡣
ĿǰҲֻˣʩСñٴμ޸һɷڽĻ»ҪʩĸĿ
ҶȻ׬ǮԼȴֿʼĥһС˵ŮûмǴһеŮӦʳңĿǰʱ˻δɻ飬⻹ûиҶȴѾʼĥԼӦνʶŮˡ
ϾŮǻ˺һЩԼܹͬŮϻԺҲõĲ׬Ǯ顣
Ҷһ·϶߰ĳ룬ǻص֮ȴ֮ǰй۲쵽˺ÿÿϲǰԺһ·ݣϵѾʼˣСӳˣʱϲŹӽӴԡ
͵͵ģϾϵӼлϣȵĩʱüǮԼҹʱһãҶĹ۲·ûֶҶ㿪ʼĥЩӵ⣬ӦôԼҪ롣
ҶЩһֱĥӦⶫǾԣǾĲԼ֪Ϊͻƿڣ϶ҪúоһģֻĿǰûҶ˼·
ҶûʲôĽչʩĸϿ·;Ҳһ˳
Ҷ֮ǰ˵ģʱĸϲ꣬ʵǶԶ·̣һֱߵĲ죬ոǵù
һֱеͬܲѾпʼ÷纮ˣԽԽȣǵ÷纮ܣڸ·һֱע⡣
ԭǴž븮ǲԶˣҪߵÿЩú絽ǿջ֮󿴿һ
˭Ҳû뵽ǣȻ⣬һ·϶ߵĹٵ¶޻Ұʱ򣬱ϾǶˣʱʱ䲻ҲѰרŵũ޽оסǽʱɾڻĽҰ룬æĶѰš
ڳǸģܿҵĵط·ǼҲ˲ʱ䡣
ԭƻǽǸ ڼҿٶȿ϶ܵڣ˭©ƫҹ꣬ԭ绹úõ죬һҪٵļƻı䣬񲻽ܼӿٶߵǣҪСЩʡڳЩʲô⡣
ʩͬ￴һϸ꣬Щǣһֱԣ϶ʲô飬˭֪Լ᲻ͻȻùֵĿ©ء
ŹǣǸϲˣҼǵþ˴ԶĵطиջȻط󣬿ǵϢ㹻ģ֪λΣһɫųļ
ɫ϶ԽԽ󣬼һֱͣߣҲпܱڳ⣬ȥĿջúЪһЪȵϢˣȥҲ١ڵԼ뷨ϸϸ˵Ҽǵ⳵ѾλȾ纮ˣôȥǲãȥǰĿջϢһ£úһ뽪ůůӡ
Ůĵһ공֮ǼԭŸ·Ŀת뷨óջķʻȥ
ȵһ˳ڿջ°ɫѾЩˣʩͬСҪˮ׼úһúϢоһЩż춼ڸ·ʩҲʵЩԲ
ҪҪȥԵ㶫ͬţʩȴܾ˶Էĺ⡣
һֱڸ·ûüúÿ飬ԼϻҲˮڷ֮󣬿Ϣ
ҿջ¥иʲôʵʩڶ¥Ҳһмǹ飬¥µ첢⡣
Ϣˣ
ʩո׼ϴϢſһδͬǵ֮ǰͬ˷߿
λ£ʩ򿪷ŽλͬԼ˳¥һۣȴѾһƬˡ
ҵǸڵ֪꣬磬һֱڹջ֪ҪӶǮ
ͬĽ£ʩ֪ȥ
ҵջոջˣƹľΪƭǮڹ⿪˵סޱˣǵеֽȴ࣬ʱǮֱҪ
Ǽԭǽжԣο֮ڸлҪбĻǮⷽǸ⿴ء
ԭż۸ʵݣԴһٺúϢǸƭ֡
Ƿ¥λ֣˶ڣһѾƭˡ
ڵأʩ¿һ۷¥ԾûӰ
ͬǸŮһӷ֮쳣ڰٺŮӺ󣬽ץ˵ǵճһȥ١
ʩ֪ȥ֮ûʲôķӦҲһڷ˵˲ʱ䣬ɫԽԽʩȰο˼䣬ͬǸԻط
Ͼ鵽Ѿǽˣ棬ЩϢ
ڶһ磬ʩ¥¼ͬеĹ
ɴǰΧΧѾźǹԷʩֻһ۱ջߣصͬС
һǰĹǱʩʱʱһۣԵѾһʩȥ
лҪ˵ֵ

 19 

ʩԼǰͻȻһʳûκεĶԾɲسԼĶûȥ
꼴ԵҼС빫֪ͣΣѾʩԵȴƬ̷ʩ˾ûж̲סԼС˵ⷬ
ÿܶˣ˶꼴Ե뻹СɡʩеĳʳѾ˵ʼûǸСһۡ
緹Ĳʩûзϣ뿼ԽԽѾȥ˼һЩҪˣϾοԶԼҪıţҪһֱϲС
ʩľģҶ߾ԵЩˡ
ļʵ飬ѾɹƳ棬ֻʼ޷ʩֻôһڹʱ޿̶棬Բһֱ㣬ҶҲʼԼ׬Ǯ֮·
εҶʩСһͬģǰѾҪʩɩȻʩɩ۲ԼҪĻǶĺӣԲû˵ЩʲôϾһûз֣ʩɩǮҲҪʩĸģʩɩҰοһֺú̥ȥˡ
ϴȥϣ˵ЩѪ㣬Щû¹ӣۿɼɫ
صеʩСʼͬҶʱЩĲɣϾԼֻͬҶ˼һ֪ôϱҲ֪ԭǸ쵰й£ûܿβʩСûЩ
Ҷ֪ʩСõ֢ڣ˸ɻĹ򣬽ӵļͬʩС˵
Ȼ֪ʩС֮ˣҲûд˵ֻǲ֪ʩСôģϾҶԼı仯̫һЩʩСûʹҶ͵Լʲô֪
ƳҶ岢ûֱϣͬʩĸʩԼȥܱߵĴӺϾոտʼԼÿȥϻسǿ϶鷳ÿճȥЩ϶ʣ֮ͬ󣬻ǾʩڸһϾҪˣⶫǸҲ࣬Բ
ʩżУʩɩԺɢź˵
ʩɩһԼĶӣкһԼҲûȥĻᣬһߺҶʩСõ֣Լһȥ
Ҷ廹ûüеĶʩĸ˳Ǽҳʲô飿
ʩҾͺãǽȥ̸ɽЦеӿʮֺô򽻵
ʩĸһ߲ؽ뵽УһָʹŴѾȥڵĴʩ
һ˶У˲Žϴŵ˳˵⡣
سҵģʩƣʩܷʹⷽңҿ϶һԹļ۸񡣡
Ҷ֪Լᱻ֪ôģԺĶˣԼⲻʱԼӦЩʲô
ĿǰǱԼҪһЩϾ̻Ǹĵ̻֪ͬʩӣʵҶԼԼ㲻ȥⷽҲֻԼ
Ȼ˿ٳû˴̬֮ҲǿӲһЩǧΪԼ̫ûѽ
ܼĪⷽȻ˵ֵʲôǮǶǼ˵ȴһ£Իȵȡ
Ҷ¸ܼҵ˱ˮԼʩĸվһߵʩ
ȻԼѾ뷨ǱϾǼ£ҲʩĸʹɩޣҪġ
ʩʼĩ̧ͷҶ˵ϱʲô뷨Ͼⷨĥģ㡣
ʩ˵ʩɩּһ䣺˵öԣϾķӣôԸ˵㡣
ҷҲ˵ˣǲӣҲͬ⣬˳⼸治ʹɩҺС档Ҷ뽫Լ뷨˵˳Ÿ˵ķӦ
ʩɩûʲôæȻǲ廰ģҲûӵǶ
Ҷصܼ֮ҽõоЦЦû˵ܼͬӼ۸顣
ҲǼҵģ֪û򣿡ܼǰһ䡣
ҶЦҡҡͷܼƺҲ뷨εⶨʮ棬ȡô
ֳһ⣬ҶȻãЦеؽܼ˳ȥ


 20 

Ҷ彫˳ȥԼȥͬͷרŽһˡ
ҲΪͻȻȥҶˣϾҪõķչ϶ָֻЩһĥĶ׻ҪһЩνطС
Ҷһϣͬͷϰ˵֮Գʱ仹ȥԼУҲ֪ǲԼãȻڼ˴ûĶͶɩ
˷ͬҶҶĸ˵ʲôҶҲЩȵɫ
Сôʱˣʩ֪𣿡ҶվʵҶͬҶ꣬ҲǿҶ峤ģ֪ЩƢԽԽȻϴҶŻԼûټңҲ˵ģҲ֪ΪʲôҪ
ôҶϸϸһҶ壬ҲûҶλǷֺʩ˱ŤҶ⸱ģʵȣǵҶʱԼҶŲ߲·ŲǼµʱ䣬ٴȻҶ岻˻ˡ
ҶĳĬʽ𾪣ҶɩľȾԵøֱһЩֱʧ˳Ҷ壿
ҶɩڵõҶĸһǰ֮ͬ˳ĬǸǻûлعԾͣҶϡ
ҶĸҶ߹¾ߵҶߣϸϸһȦԾɲͣ߶šôˣ
Ҷ屻Ҷĸ˺Ժķ䣬ҶɩҶŻԼӣһʱֻ֮ʣҶҶԡ
ҶԼʱҶɩ΢ۿ̲סҶĸйضɩ顣
ҶĸһҶ嵽û֮ǰسǾ¥ѧͽ⼸ȥˣԼҲܹʦˣسǸ¥òƽĴǸֺ˳ͻɩɩĴسģҪԼϿҾ¥⡣
ϲиһֵӵʱൽˣܲܰӸҶĸ˵Լ̾һ
Ҳǲܸӳ缸ģ磬ô˵Ӹȥ͸缴ϲ˵ʲô϶룬ҺأʵڲоȰ⼸Ӹֵܼ˷ˣʡԺ˼϶
Ҷĸ˵ֽ֮˼˻ҶʵôͻȻˣʩҽʱôǲǱǰЩˣ
ùңԽԽȳԵˣԼˣʩͦõģϿ
ҶҶĸ˵˼仰ҶĸĻᵽӵĻͷϣҶֱȥҽݿ
㲻ôļ๫ڼңļҶûѽ׻ûаأƸҺüһҶ岻Ҷĸ֪Լͬʩѹû˾ֻͬܺһЩĻڸǹȥ
Ҷĸ˵ЩʲôֿһҶɫԼǲӦñŮϾҶӱƼ˻֪ܸɳʲô˳ϵ顣
ҶҶҲûܾͣãڴ֮ǰȥԺܿ뿪Ҷң׼ȥ
ΪҶ飬ȥ·ȥҶĸеǸӣĵطǸС¥ĿĽˣʵ֮ҶҶĸ˵ΪʲôǳˣϾĽȷʵԽ϶Ҫúõһ¡
ҶȥʱӿҵһţȻרŻشٴģҲ·Ҷͬϳ˵³ص֮󣬱ţ˸λ׼Ϣ
һһȫˣǾ׼ˡ
Ҷ۾׼ȴԼ߲֪ʱ˸СʱСﱳΪ˱Ƚ϶࣬ͷͬһԵ˵
ľӣû뵽ôȻǶԵģ
ԵСҡҡͷЦŽ͵ӲôңǽãԼ˵ûʲô
ҶȻûпȥΪܽ˵̸ǷֺشԼĶ
ҶһԽԽСãҶ֪ΪʲôһԼԼϤС
һֱڻصҽʩС֮Ҷ֪ԼϤԼûмǴǸӦһеŮڵʱͽ˵װӦǻûгɻŮ
Ҷ죬ЩڣܹЩ˵ţʶʶҶŽţĶԻûʱľӦþżдȥϣԼҪȥڿһ˵Ҳϡ
룬Ҷڵʱ˲٣˯֮ǰ´ȥһҪСһ顣
лҪ˵Ӧȶ˰ɣ
˵˴ְΪ찮רһֱڲŸ


 21 

ʱ䲻عţÿ˶ŵĺܺá
ҶԾĥЩױ˿Ķ׼Ժ֮·ʩĸҲýˣʩСõĻ¸ġʩɩĶԽԽ󣬴˵Ԥھ⼸ˣʩҲٳȥˣһһԼϱʩҶҪԵӡ
ΪûҶʵʵЩɽв֪µζǸ죬µҶԼ԰ԺﳢԷ·͡
֮ǰ׬һǮҲԴԴϵؽˣʩҵͱǰҪˣҶȴܾòǸˣպҪǮĵطҶкܶ࣬ǮֶҪһԼܹġ
ɩ𣿡ʩСжϵĿҶʵ
Ҷ۾ʩСõķȥʵѣոȥɽˣ
ҶǵɽȷʵҰѣԼ֮ǰܲʱԽԽȣԼҲ˲ûȥɽϣҲ֪Сýձſȥɽϸʲô
ǣԺӺ棬ұȥժ׼緹ģѣһʱ̲סժ˵㣬Ҷɩǰֶ𣿷ǺҳģҲҪǮժһҲûɶʩСһ߽һ߶ؽõˮԱȥϴҷֳݣһݸҶ֮һŽȥʩɩ
Ҷ忴ѣеһ뷨ѵ˼ҲˣֻʩСôӷٴȥһլӺ濴Ұѵ
СãѾȻͦΪҳѶĲء緹ĹҶʩСϸ
ȻԼȥһ˿ʱ̫ʵ̫ˣʳţֻʩСϸʣȻ̫ɽʱȥ
յϵȻԼҳģҲѾü꣬ƽû˹ܣеûµʱҲῴʤ̭ˣ곤ѻͦġʩСó˵ĶûͣϸϸҶ͵
ɩҪϲ̫ɽһȥժ㣬ǰ׳ģǲҲǵڵˣԵ㡣
û˳ôᶼõ 
ϼҼһ԰Ӻ涼ôһأԼѣ֮ǰרһֱûɾôһǳ͵ʱˡⶫһôһأԾȥˣ͵Ǹ죬庢ӡ߻ϼҼһУҲʲôϡҲȥ˵ԭרɹ֮󿴿ܲܳԣɹ֮ûʲôˣҰԼҲûܹɩҪϲԵȻժ㣬Բꡣ
ҶʩСõĻиǼʩС˼ԭϻϲҪʲôɱѵġ
СãﻹҪ𣿡Ҷ忴һԼĹûзǵټʩСʵ
аϴһȥϵʱ˺ö࣬ȥңɩҪʲô
ʩСһ䣬ûеҶشԼ˵ĻƽҶ壬Լȥ֮ǰǡ
Ҷ׼ѾƵģ֮ǰʱԼʦѧĲ趼ţǸǮķܹǺõģЩѲܱ̫Ҳ˷ѡ
գӦþҪϿˡʩСҶڲ԰Ӻժһ߶߶˵š
ͨЩӵദҶԼҲˣʩСͬʩĹϵܺãʩÿһܼǵһ
ȻҶ廹ЩӦժѵֶͣˣл㱲žʱΪǸ뿪ѾЩʱˣҲ֪;˳˳ûеŮ
ӹûͦ죬Ҳģ϶ûġҶЦͬʩС졣
ʩϾеǣڿƾ·ϲѣ˵һ˳ģЩҶ岢û˵
ʩСϱʩ֮ǰ˾Ѿûˡ
ɩ˵Ҹһ֮һֱôѽʩСüǵϱԼ翼֮ûϻؼңǰһĴٵʦڸ˺óʱŻҲ֮ɩͬܣһغġ
Ҷ˸һ㣬ʩСôûԭ򣬲ԼϲҶı仯ȻҲϣⱲҶĽܹϱӲͬ
ʩСõʻҶͻȻʩʦ֮ȷʵڸͣ˺óʱ䣬ЩͬûʲôϵҪʵֻǵõȵʩؼ֮ͬԼܻҾС
ڵҶҲܺ棬ЩȥϵʱҲˣͬһȥģԼȥģʲôⶼûзҲ֪ΪʲôϱӾôù
ϱӵҶڼȻ֣ǻǲôŵģαŤң飬Ҳ֪Ӧ˵Щʲô
ҶȻ߰ĺܶ࣬ϵ˵Ҳûͣ£ǿʱʱŬһҲӦõģҪҲ϶ΪȽϺãΪӿ϶ǲܵġ
ʩСö˶ûмȥɩҲ˳ת˻⣬Χ±һź


 22 

ʩ֣֣ʩո߳ڽԼƣ۵ͬȥ
Ǹո߳ģÿ˶޾ɣûͬ˴кŽʩҲƴ⼸ɢ
һȺվڿ
ʩһΧƶҲ̲סһ˿⣬ôȵſڱ̫ɹţǸ鶼Ӧòá
ʩӣҼСȥ
ʩ̧ͷһûӦһ˶
Ѿ߿ʩЩӦҲһֱûжطһֱʩĻӦ
ʩܱߵͬ໥嶯˶ط
ѾǶѾˣʩһζûлӦ
Ǽ֮ǰ໥λСʲôʱôʱ˻ܹ
ҵڳסĿջʱʩרǸѾ߽͹ԼѾ˼ҡ
Ǽ˶ΪǴ֮ԷӦû˭ֳ֪ˡ
ʩһԼǰִŲѾߣճ˵ѾмˣԶ㡣
ѾʩĻش֮·ɴ⣬ֻͷһԼҵһԲķȥ
ˣǶȥɡʩԶĳ֣˹ȥ
һҹһ˲˹ʩҲô˻úùһǡ
ԭ׼֮ظϵģǴӿ󶼾ԼӲ˵²μĻᣬһ׼ȵ֮ٻȥʡĻҪˡ
ʩڸǵĴƵţȴƽģͬһεľ˿Ҳʮģ֮ǰȻԼֻɹʧܣڽǰ˭Ҳ֪ջô
ʩһԼǰĲ¥ֵվȥ
ȻۿԵĿû壬Ƕһ˶һֿбʦɣҲûл
¥ʱ˭֪᲻ǡ֡
ʩһƬƽԺȴ㰲
ͣԴĸл֮ܣʲôܲĸס˰½ӶסҰˣڸʲôǰŲ豭ƽ͵ʵ
ŮСʡģƽʱҲǸŵӣǸ˶޵Ĵҹ㣬ϾҪˣԼΪϸѡ˭֪Ȼʼˡ
⼸ͣеķԷ˵ԼŮһǰϿȻǲŵġ
͵۹ܸߣΪֹʮˣֹеķԷ󣬱͵ԺУҪʸ
͵һŮĿǰʧܵ·ϣȻǲĸ֪ôֻԼһҵΣǼҵÿն»Լרܳȥ
˲ʲôˣԴŮȻºͣҲˣӦִ֪硣ĸ֮㾭ҲһЩԷΪﲻ˵㣬֪ҽҲģֻΪһҹӦø֪ʲôǷִ磬ǧ
ҿҲûʲô飬ڸаױɣҲǸԼģһӶҰˡ
ʹδײĸףȻԸ⣬Ѿ˵ϣԼΪŮҲӦֱӾֻܾګګӦ£ȴ׼Ѿÿճſ
Ͼĺܺÿ˵Լֻ֪ϣδչ̫ˣ֪ȫͼᣬ߸ĸܹҪˣĸҲ϶޸Լϲˡ
ԼһС̣˶˵õȻȫĴӦȻԼʱ䲻ܳŶеʧ䣬ǲ
ιҲֻ̽͵뷨͵ķӦԼҲӦòʲô飬Ϊȫ뻹Ǿȥϸ飬Դͷ
ĸŮڸе̸˵ĿǰûаӰ죬ʩָֻϢ˱ҪʫᣬϴӲջ
׻б˼۲˼գҿջиϿҲˣƽʩǶڷģʱ򶼻רڴһ۵Ľ䣬Χ˽̸ȡµϢ
⼸εĿʩԼԼõʥǸʵɵģ˼Ǿ˿ԳҲͨľۣǴӸ֡
ƾٴһ׵飬ʩԼ˭סиõʦƾ·׺ܶ࣬ũңũңԼ¹
ֻѡİ취ȡ˵뷨ΪԼ˼·
Ͼʥ˻ԡһϯʤʮ顱ܹ鶼õģù


 23 

⼸ҶһʱͬʩСһĲ԰ӣʩСȻ֪Ҷ׼ʲôǾܹ鲻ǻ¡
ɩЩ𣿡żҶͬʩСѾժ࣬ٶԺҪʼ׼ġ
иɾ𣿡Ҷʵ
ֶʩһ򶼲ȱģʩСúܿӷóԭӸҶָӿʼѡ
ϱС׼ɶأʩĸЩӿ˵ЩæµһҪſҪʩɩһýŴʺʩСõ෽һȫʩɩҲҪʱһԻûעҶŪʲô¶
֪ҶʩСڲ԰ӺժѵģԭΪҶ尮ԣǿģͼһʱ֮Ҳȷ
ٵȵ֪ˣ϶ǸöҶȻǱϾѾⶫҪٵȵȵģʱʩĸʵ϶ȡ
Ҷô˵ʩĸҲûмȥϱڹ龫ֵĵӿǲ٣֮ǰǸһ˺üʮҲԴԴǮô˵ҲǸǮķӡ
ʩĸһԾΧæµҶ壬˺ܶ࣬˲٣ǹҵ׶ҶķӣҶ׬ǮȻҶԼû˵ʲôҲ˳ֵҲһܾǮԼġ
˵˶ԼûʲôԭҪͬʩһּҵ飬֮ǰҶֹķּҲŹȥãʱ˵ּʵڲʡڼңһӺϺסһҲԸ⿴ġ
ʩÿڿջĴͬ˺Ͷ˵ĽԼҲ·˼·ȴܾȱЩʲô빫ɼʱԽԽҲһ˿š
Ϊ˷Լʩſһ׼ȥߡ
Լһŵģʱȣûµ˶ڴϹ䣬ʩ뻹Ǿȥǽǵ֮ǰ˵ǽиŮӸǰݷԸĺȥҲЩʫĺõط
ʩԼȥģȻ磬ǵʱʱѾˣҲȻ˵Ǹʫĺõط
ʩʫȤ䲻ǿз羰Ҳʼʫ
ʩ±ʲŷԼʮ֪ʱվλɽˡ
㷽ɾʵ
ʩ䲻֪ԷǺݣǴӴŴҲܿǸе̵Ķˡ
ޡ
ǲģȻͬʫ˵һӢŰ
ҲµĲӦǽרǸϿĿ
ۣǽ꿼ʩ
ʩֺ۾һ˿ȣϵЦҲˣʩļ򣬡Ǹ꣬ͬԵ㽫㣬
ʩ֮Էûж֮ͣǰתͷʩ˵һ䣬ʩҺϲϣ´δǵİϻ֡
ʩЩ֣ҲȥˣŽԼУŶԷԶȥӰ˼һջǾصջȥȴϢ
ˣʱʲô𣿿ʮֿʦүͬ¶꣬ϵı֪ϲ¡
ҼǵýǷŰɣûлشǶʦүʵ
ǽգѾȥֻżʱһṫʦүӦ⣬ȴ֪ʲôϵ
Ҽǵһһд̾ģǵô˿ʲô֣Լɽʵ
¼ǵúʩּǲˡٴ˶ǸԿֿ䣬Ҳ֪˵ô
ͷ⻰
ʩһˣԭΪԼѾ̬ǽһܵ˽ţΧǿͬͬС죬ʩȺвۡ
ھŰĲһ磬ʱֵȵ񵥵ĲۣʩžԼһֱŵķ
㾹ȻڰϵʩŶߴǾЩʵȻοԷӲǿƾٿһԻģʩҲû뵽ԼջĽ
סԼı飬ֻнյ˫й¶ԼģֻʩԼ֪ж༤Ƕ߷ĺҲƮƮģǶ˵ĻԭڿԼʩԼҲһЦ
һЦֿ޵ĿУ侲ʩ˵ʮͻһĻĶԱֱӸ͵Ϳ˸š
Ȼ֮ǰҪԹԴڼǽշŰ񣬸һƬ֣ջ͵͵˳׼յ֣˭֪ȻֱӿôԱȵһĻ͵Ĵĸӵ


 24 

ҶѾƲû׼̫࣬Ŷ϶Ʈľζȴ𲽸Ҷ
ҶϸֱӷſⶫǲҲŮףʱ򲻶㣬ȵȫڵطҲǰװ˷ѡ
ɹ˵ԼҶ壬ִʩСȥϣ׼򼸸׼
ʩСȻ֪Ҷô׼˶࣬ҶĻ׼úѡͣΪ֮Ѿ׼
ҶϴһŮȻһֱĽʶ֮ҲһֱûϣҲ֪ܲ
û£ֻҪ̫ɽǰУҪǹʱҲͲˡεţǴӴģ϶ʶˣϳⶣ´ӵʱ䡣
ͣҪǣȥǰɣҶʩСõֵļȥ
ôˣС㿴ʲôأʩСͣԭҶҲ濴˹ȥǲûзʲôֻתͷɻʵ
ûʲôոΪˣһԼˡ
ϵһУԱҪ࣬ǵĵطҲǸոմӴϹ׼ڻģҶһԵţ׼ЩԼ֡
ƹģҪǣٸһ͡ɢȥһ㣬ҶҲڼǰţûüſҪִһŮ
ƹģǡҶûᣬϾԼҲһҪǲ˵ԼĶ˭֪ٵһûС
ľӣǲ̫˵㣿Ҫ׼ʲôأ
ľӵҶ弰ʱתͷ־֮ǰԼţϼһŮ
ﲻ࣬ԵĻܿģû𣬻иҪأ϶ģҼСˮٶӶġľԼĹ滮ȻĻ˵λ֮ŤͷҶ岻˼ЦЦ
Ҳ˵Ķ࣬˵ܹҪõĶ԰ɡ
Ҷû뵽ľӻͻȻԼ˵ǵͷǻӦʩСվһԿľӵ֮һϲģҶ䶼һ̶ȡ
˵öԣֶܹõõҲûϵ
ҶȻͬľӴùϵֽҲҪʱ͵ص㣬Ȼʣֻܵ´μˡ
ǵþľʽʳ⻹ЩӣԼҲż罫оͷѾϡ
ҶʩС÷ѾļŪ˼ңʩǱߵҲڿʼˡ
ʩ˵˾ٰ԰һ򶼲ǸˣܱͬǱҪʱĺѣûһĻ
ʩԲ˵ļ϶ԪӿһۣεĽԪǸǳ̼ҵĴүСϰķΧҴºܱͣǰȥƵҲԽԽࡣ
ʩȴʼԼؼҵ·̡ѾˣȻ˵ǰȥǹӼ飬֮ǰʩڲ¥ҲרŴӼϵӣʺͻȻͷǰȥͶȻҪԭΪڹӼоͶÿ鱾ҲһʲС֧ʩľظ֧ŲھǵĻ
ȻǿֱӶȥֱ׼ĴǻȥӼ࣬ʩǾؼҵȴĴǿԡ
겻Ǹ龫ʱ䣬ΪԸԼǮϵһ塣
ʩ飬еĶҲ˼עҲ뿪ᡣ
ʩ֣Щʲôأʩڷ㶣㿴Աߵ˹
շзɽɽһǸ̸ģʩע⵽ˣϾʩǵСģȻҲǳÿǸ
ɽԭΪʩ϶ǸڽʵģһֱڵŶԷԼѴкû뵽Լ϶̵֣ܡƺһȦʩԾɳ˱ҪľʵʵԼλϣ첻֪Щʲô
ɽ°ͰšĪ̫ý˸ɵˣҲ̫Ӧˣ
֣ʩʩԼŷɽ˸׼
ʩֿЩĲɣʲô֮£
Щ飬ϸ緢
ɽʩļһҡӣʩģ֪ҪˣͷϷҪˣ˭ָͷȥֵû㡣
ʩ̲סӷɽĸ첲ϸϸһɽĶֻ½ľ˲ܽ·ɽԼ϶Ǹϰ֮ˡ
ʩŽһĥɽΪ˱ǰĸ̨˵϶ҳ˲ӣ羰ãʫһΣ
˵òȻʫģҵȿ϶ҪЩͷģҾͽӡµͷΣһ˵һ߽Լɽϴŵӡ˳
ʩЩؿ˷ɽһۣ˻֪̣ɽʩĶҲֻ˾پƱû


 25 

ϷĹԱﶨйʫĵĿ·½ȻҲ׷׿ʼʡʩһΧͬԼҲ˱īʼϸϸĥ
ҹ˼࣬ʫҲԳ֮Ϊ˼Ȫӿˡ
Ƭ̵ĹʩͣˣԭһֱעʩͣȻȻߵʩǰ
дˣһʩԼԵͷȲ˵ʫĵݣҲĿ
ԭһֱʩԶĵطһ
ܿͷѧʦʦͽ̡
ʦϵЦǳ죬ĿʼĥʩΪͽĿԡ
˾ȷʵʱıҲϼѡһǰȥ
ǼʻѲ˶೤ʱ䣬ܿеľ˶Ѿͣʡ
ȻӢҼŬ͢Ŵ̨˵˼ƯĻ
ԪĲɹȻһԱߵɫٷӶվλĽԪ˼䣬Լеӡµ˳ȥ
ķΧѾβʫĻ֮뿪ˣк˼ȴڷŵϡ
ȥûпܲҵŵʩˣ˵¡˼λǾµһˡ
ʩǸӣͻûչͽܣЩ⶯ҪԺϲʡ
ѧʦʩķ䣬Ծɱԭ̬ûһ˿һļ
ʫʮֶҿζʫʣ
ʩûԥʫϲ֮׼ѧ׼߿ƾ֮·ȴܽǾʫʡ
Եͷʩ۸һ㣬׳⣬ʩԾɲػش𣬻¿š
СӣרŵʦԽͬʩʩԽߡԭѹʩҪʩԼ̽ʦһ£ջûеֹԼİ֮ģ˳
ޣǰֻسеԺ顣
ʩ侲Լһݸʩҵƾʱ飬͸㣬ʲôģȥҡ
ʩƽл鼮ȴһֱȵԼסĿջвų׻ع
ʩԼе鼮Լͬ˵ÿһ仰ÿһֽԭڷе˳ͬ鱾һһͷ
ûв´ͽĴ㣬ֻ֪Ƕмӡ
µһͼʩЩ㶣֮ǰô;Լǰϣ֮󷴶Щʵ
ʩһԭǴŰ֮뿪ģһһǾȥݱٶȻһǣǲô˵ҲǵʦˣʦصҪġ
ûȥţʱ鷿дѧݷûǽһ˽
һƫ˵˵ЦЦ˵׼ǰͬһȺеʩһѧ³Է㷹˴żȥԺʳרŰʩ
Ҫϼˣ
ѾһʱˣҲѾڸȥҲ£ЩңҸĸ˻ڼеһؼҡ
㲻׼괺ǣ
ѧѾ㣬۴ȴ£ҪپһС
ΪβڸǣǱٲ˵Ҳ֪ǵĻͬļܴ󡣡
ǻ޴󣬲ѧܹеķΧѧ׼翪˽һ׬ǮǮһΪĴ㡣ʩⷽûֱ˵ؽԼ˵˳ǸȻ֪ڸǶԼĺôô
Ĵǿһʿòؿǡ
ͿͿѽʩĽͺЩʧ
ʩһվԼһԸ̾
ǸӣٲĲŻûΪͽ֪Ǻ뷨ԭ׼ȡػصսʩʦϾѧŰʦûʦ׷ѧġ
ԼٲʩǶҪϼˣ֮󻹲֪ܲлˡ
ʩЩϲ̧ͷҹȻ뵽ͽĴ㣬ԼȻĶҪϼңãܲʦֻͨŽ˽źҲΪ˸˭֪Ȼصľϲ
ѧȻϲѣֻǡʩĻûü˵꣬㱻ϡ
ֻЩʲôǶǸܹһĶõĶȻǣͽԭ˼ջúöԴƾ顣ʩʦ϶ҪڸеġǮ㲻õģһҡ
ѧʦеⲻϹǡ
˵꣬ƿķҶûк֮ǣ֪ⲻȥΪдǷΪ֧δĻѣнʿٰ֮ٺ»ÿ»ҵǮ㿴ô
Ĵ㣬ʩĬˣò˵ķʵǸ÷ʩܹڸǣֲ˼
ú㣬ͽǱ㡣϶ҪͬĸһУȽ齻㣬ؼ֮ҪʦȰٺ֮ԼǰǣǾⷽУ̶ӽûǾ͵Ǵû㿴Σ
ʩӹ鼮лʦ


 26 

ʱı仯ԭԺŵѾҲԽԽԶ
ԽԽŨԭʲôܵʩĸҲʼҶѯʵ׼ʲô
Ҷ廹ǾԼӦٵȵȡ
վʮˣҲ֪ܻܲʩĸԺʰӺԺժˣһС߶š
ʩ뿪ѾһʱˣٽЩǡ
ҶЩӹĿʵûôϸ˼йʩ飬ʩĸЩزԭʩѾҺüˡ
ˣ๫ҲˡҶڻӦǵȻŮĸΪʦڵʱǻˡ
Ҷ˼ʱûʩϣǿʼĥйذʮ顣
ԭûӣΪƿ϶õȵ֮󣬿ǿǰ׼
ţҶԽѾƿˣ׼ȵʱȳһȵרŻҶһ˿
ôҶÿǰһ
ζֵͦġҶĸȻô˵ţȴûͣ£̲סһһڡ
ɩ׼¶ʩСȫ̶ҶѾƣҲû뵽ܹ֮ôÿ
һΧѾ˵һѣҶ忴ԼⶫǳɹˣֻǾܲҲ֮ǰȥҪиȥķʽ
ʮ֮ǰȥϡҶ뻹ǾԼȥһӡ
ǵ֮ǰҶ׼¥Ҳ֪ûҶǱߵľ¥ҲǸõ㡣
ҶԼڴϣȴ߰顣
ʱ˵ʱŮӦѾ໥ʶҲӦðʦˣ֪֮ôչ
ȻԭԸǺúûţҪ룬϶ͬʩҪҶñ֮⣬ȵʩ֮ԼǲҪŵĺãǳҲһҪͬһ
˯ǰʩ飬ҶԼһΡ
ʱ䳡Ѿ֮ˣʩһվڡϹ򡱵ĸ⣬ϴ΢Ц鿴ʮãҲ߳һλĸˣѾ߱źӣһվһʮֺг
ҶһμԭŮģò˵ΪŮȻʱƤһҶʮĽ
ҶȻҲһֱڼֻ˶ױϾǸõ飬Ҷ廹Ҫ¹о
ҶѹʱɫûдҲûżǱűڴϾ˼һ
ѾһʱˣԴӴԽԼϵϵͳ·һ㣬Ҳûֹϵͳ֮ǰʵҶԼҲйϸ˼
ϵ˼ֻҪúûţˣںʩĹϵʵûʲôӲԹ涨
Ҷʩ׼ԣͬԼӦò̫ĽʣĿǰҪ黹ǱסԼԲԼȥϡ
Ҷ忴һɫԼӦ𴲣վͬʩСһȥϣԼҶľ¥ûп
ûҶ߳졣
ˣʩĸش˳ӵ֪̫ϲͼ
Ҷԭֱӳȥģ֮ȴֲױǰЩæѾƵ黹ûкúôпвһ
Ҷһ߻ױһ̸ֵڿԼʰ֮򿪷ȴʩվſڱ׼ŵĶ
²ʩҶĵһѾЩİˣʩ뿪֮ǰȻǵҶѾˣǲûôԣҷɫҲôףò˵ҶͬɻʱѾǧˡ
ױҶʩһ˲Ļ㱣֪ʲôܿͻعҶ˵ӣһˡ
Ҷ̧ͷϸʩոջϻŷ糾͵Ϣ΢Щڣһ·ϲûϢãһҲӰɱ˵òҶ˵ʱҶĸȫҵ˺ʵѡ
๫һ·ˣʱ仹Ϣһ°ɡ
Ҷڷпʩٺò߳׼ȥæ
ʩĸڼһûҶױӣȻ俴ҶӻЩϰߣҶ巿ķһۣܿЦϱҼǵ׼ȥϣҲˣһͬȥɡ
ˣ๫ոջ۳Ͷ٣ڼҺúϢɣͬСһˡҶЦžܾ
ʩĸֻҶ岻˼ȥԻҲȥҽɩæɩҲˣСڼҿŵɩȥԣҲӦõġ
ʩĸĶͣһ߶߶ͬҶ˵ţЩڼңҲˣˣҲһЩ㲻ò˼һԷʱͬ˵ǳ극ȥ
ʩĸ˵ô϶ҶҲټƴȥֻڳԹԼ׼õѾʵʵʩ׼š
лҪ˵ȫ

 27 

ЩʲôʩҶĶӵԼУȴ֪ʲô
ѾƣǰЩӲ԰ӺѶˣҲ˷ѣԼ˵ѾƳҶ忴һԼǰʩϸϸش
ΪʩԭҶÿǮⶼͬʩϸ˵һʩǷǰ
׼ûȥҵǳҼǵö׼Ͽ¥ܲڶľ¥ȥ
๫ûɣȵ๫ҪúóҵաҶ˵̲סҫԼֱ֮Լ֮ǰǱܡ
ϱӻղظֹʳƵЩղҲʼ飬ûвʵѧʱڰʦѾΨһҲֻȥаʦ˵ɰǡ
Ҷеҫױʩ˳תͷȥϸϸҶױݣȴ̲סҶϣ۵ģĵ˶ʮʻ
ͷӹȻЩˡ
ʩ̫Ҷ嵽Щ˼ԭੲݵҲͣˡ
ţлָ֮ʩЩϰߣҶ˵Ҵǣ֮ǰڸһλܺõʦѧϰ
Ҷüͷ΢忴ʩҶ岢ʩԼ˵飬Ӧ๫Ҫ飬Ȼ๫Ѿ˴㣬ΪӶȻֵ֧ģ๫ڸǶ顣
ԼҪĻ֮ʩԼЩ
·˶һֱųĬ
үˣţոͣҶſڱ㱻׼ŵҶĸš
ӣоҪˣû뵽Ļͦ׼ʲôʱ򵽼ҵģһ·˰ɣ˾ͺúϢҶͬʩһ֮ңԼʩĸ첲ͣʳʶ̣һɤۡ
ʩûҶ壬תͷץסҶͬҶĸһߡ
ȥҶ֮Ҷĸû֮ǰôˣҶһĽ
ϾҪʮˣôʱˣ㹫ûҶĸȻвҶͬı仯ÿҶԼ̲סǡ
Ƕ֪Ҳ๫һģλ£˵Ҷڼ𣿡Ҷ֮˸ĸûмˡ
ľ¥׼ʮ쿪ҵھ¥æأȵԷ
ֱ߷ŵǾƣҶע⵽ҶֱߵĶԭΪҶ׼ľˮһֱûп⣬һʱ֮Ҳȷ
ҶڿǰרȥҶҵĿⷿһ׺ÿĲ豭ҶʻԼҲûżԾɱأȻ֪ˡ
ѾƵ״ɵĲ豭ԵɫƯҶ嶢źȥˣŸһ٣ôôú𣿡 
ôɫͦúȵģɫҲÿҶ糤һںϸһҶ˵
磬˵ľ¥ʮҪҵˣ㿴㲻һɫǵһμľưɡҶλǴӾ¥￪ʼҶϲģֱӽף֮ܲ
Ҷû˵һһһֱû˵Ҷɩ
ŮٶܺȵģҲˣϺȵ֮˯ҲкôһסҶ⻰ǶҶɩ˵ãȻ̸ȻǽԼ
Լ뷨ģ
ԭһԵҶƷ֮ʼʻ
ҺСһģʱѶû˳ԹֿϧģҼǵǰôһӣСһԣȻˡ
ʩҶһֱֳĬҶĽͺлһ˿⡣
ҶҶĽͺͷҶʵ϶ôģľ¥⡣
Ҷ̲סԼһͦʵģҾ¥ԡ
ʵĶϡģҶ֮ǰڵѧͽʱδɫľȻԡ
ʣСж٣ѾҪʱ䳤𣿡Ҷ֮ͿʼͬҶ⡣
֮ǰ˲٣ҵ⼸϶ģȿҵ֮ٿҪ١
Ҷͷˮ˵
ǻҪǰæҶվҶҶĸ˵
õڼϯСõľдһѣ˶Ѿɶ뷨ʱھ¥Ҳ㡣
˵ĲվٹһˣҺȥܱߴкյЧôҶʱ䡣
壬ƵĶ۶ֵܻҪˣȻЩѾ磬ǮҪģʱһʺͿˡҶʱԹǮĿԼĶŮҲΪǮֵòɢ
Ǯû˵һȥ֮ͼʱͬϸ˵Ҷ忴һһֱֳĬʩ˵
ҶҲ֪۸ⶫԼŮ˵㣬Ҳûټ׷ʡ
ʼͬʩϸ̸ѯʩ˴γɼ֮Ĵ㡣


 28 

Ҷص֮㽫ѾƷΪ֣һȥҶҪõģһǽ׼ġ
мһ¡׼ǰЩľõҶľ¥ȥͼ۸ôȽϺʡ
ԼģԼãǻûл㿴ŶٺʾԣͬʩĸһԼԵʩ˵
ʵҶ֮ǰϴ϶չˣ֮ǰǳµظũҲϻŷҵɣȻò࣬ǶԼȥĿģҲİá
ǼЩӵĽ˳ǮˣͲ˵ˣȻò󣬿ҲǳģǮҶʩĸǼйõǮţʩϴʩ϶˶иⲻȥ
ҶƵļ۸Ҳ׼׬ǮҲɼйãϴ϶֪֮
϶֮ǰ͸׼Լϱ˼ȥЩƣܲһӶҶķԷ
ϱǵҲͲĨˣⷽԼģԼţϼƣ֮ǰǲǮһҲ㣬ѽǵÿԼǮ̤ʵ
֪ΪҺãȻɽ˵ǶܿףЩôġ
ǲּңǲּҲûŶϱǮ֣ϴ϶ǱҲ˵ģɩɩеǮҶûйʣҲһ
֮ǰҺͿҲ֪ô˵ýǸᣬǾһͬ˵ǮļױԼԡ
ʩĸ˵ŴԼｫԭǮ˳ŵҶǰ
Ҷû뵽㷢չȻķӣҪֻԼҲ
⡭Ҷ廹˵Щʲôʩʩĸȴٿڡ
ȰȰϱҪ֪Ŷϱļױ˲һҪųʲôӡʩĸһʩʩڶҶ˵
ӣǮȻطϢɡʩһϵǮҶ˵
Ҷ춯˶Ҫ˵ЩʲôǿЩƵԼҲ֪Ӧ˵ЩʲôãֻĬĬ˳ȥȴûϵǮ
֪ϱǺģǾΪ̫ˣϴ϶ﶼⲻȥˡϴǰЩӻұԹԼڿϱǮȻǰöܹ࣬и߲ȥ
ϱ֮ǰӵǮûȥϱǮϱļױʵǲʡ
֪ϱʼΪϿ·ϳԺһ㣬һ˭ûгǮⲻȥԻǶϱ
֮ǰ˵ˣ㲻ڼңҺϱ˵֮Ƣң첻һڼһٺϱú˵˵Ūϱﲻˡ
Ҷĸǰϲ̫߶߶˵ţʩԼеǮǾЩ˼顣
˵öԣûϱ׬Ǯڵŵĸһ֪ˣҲ᲻˵ģȻ㽫Ǯϱͬú˵˵ʩĸ˵֮ʩⶣ䡣
ǮﶼԼǮʩԼеǮЩš
ǣ֮ǰһү˹ȥһǮȻϱԼ棬ЩɩʲôĶϱԼġ
ʩĸʩϵĲţֶʩԼһ顣
ʵ֪ӳɻʱԸ⣬ʩԭſ֮ɻģʩʩĸҲ֪ʩ³̣һֱûиԼҶ࿴£Ǽƻϲϱ仯ԼҶӻǳס
ȻףʩҶһˣЩܶʩ˵ȴܶҶ˵
֪ˣһطͽǮӣģһͬ˵ġʩǮװԼӦ
֮ûͬú˵ʱŻѾ˳ɼ𣿡ʩĸûл˵֮ǰʩżʩʵ
һ֮ȥˣǸӶ˻δ˵Ǹ̸ĺʱ
Ļ߹վͻв۹ϲʩһ·ϲõѵ˲٣һֱ˼ʦһ£˵⻰ʱȻϲ⣬ȴûĲ
ǾͺãǾͺáʩʩĸһۣʩ૵ʩĸֱϲ
һӹʩ飬ϴ϶Ȼû˵ϱ϶еģʩˣܸۼḳ˰һӶкôҲʩ⼸Ļرˡ
㻹𣿡ʩΪһ֮˼Ҫʩĸö࣬ǰԼĶʩҲѹ
ƾǸǮĶÿһθϿҪٻʩÿһ ﶼҪϸǡ
ʩǲи˵ͷسҲڣʩмĴ㣬ʩҲܾϾ˭ϣԼܹԾţװڵݡ
׼μĴǡʩ֪вףԼЩÿ˶˲ٿ࣬Ծֻһˣ
Ȼ˳㣬ҺҲͲ˵ʲôˣȥϱɡʩӻ֣ʩ뿪
ʩǮڷſվƬ̣׼߽ȥ
Ҷص֮ҲһֱûϢ֮ͿʼŬ취Լһ㣬һ㣬ǱϾһˣҶҲֻԼԼ˾òܼˡ
ʩĸǮԼҶû뵽ģȻģܹȥֲΪҲӦǮʣǮǸġ
๫ôǮӵûˣҶ忴ʩǮʵ
ԼûǮ˵ǮͲӦġ
˵ЩԼ׬ģûҪĳԴöòϱеǮ
ǵӦõǷǮԼǮԼšҶҲԼɵĺ˳ʩǰ
֪ǺģǺʱ򲢲ôõġ
ʩ̫䵭ҶĻȴһټ
һǣһֱԼǧҪͬʩܡ


 29 

Ҷ뵽ԼԭеĽ, ѾĻСһЩʩ˵๫Ҳ֪Ǻ, Ҿüúһ, 뷨ҲǴģ
뷨Ǻõ, ǴġʩǮҶĺԾɲ䲻ؽ͵
Ҷ忴ʩ, ĬĬԼ˵˺ü, ˧˵ʲôԭ, һ, Ҫƣ
ֻǲҵ״ˣЩҲһܹ, ﻹǴɩСô綼һֱаæֻԼȻ׬ǮΪһӶŬԲ׬Ǯ, ҲһֶûãǷǮ
ʹϸ˵׬Ǯ𣿡ʩһɫͨҶ壬ֱߵĲ豭ݸҶ塣
һˣƽʲôĶһ, Ҫô˽⣿Ҷ忴ʩı飬ԼҲʼ̲סԼһɣǲԼˡ
㲻ϸ˵˵ƽﶼô׬ǮЩǮǶ𣿡ʩҶ侲, ڵ׼ͬҶú̸һ̸
ǸҺСȥϵǸСͷͬͷϰ̸⣬ɩڼæ, ׼ͷ׬ǮֱӸֱ˷ӾͲˡ
ڴɩҲֻдɩǰЩӶ绹ȥɩҲˣԾǴȥģ׬ǮҾͲ֪ˣӦҲֱӽǮˡ
һ׬ǮĽΪʲôҪǮңʵҶԼ;ҲоԼµĲ֮ǾʩϸʣϾʩͬദ꣬϶˽ÿ˵뷨
ԼûԼĲ֮𣿡ʩҶ壬ʵǲ⡣
ҶԴϴδֹƢ֮󣬷·һֱƽ͵״̬ʩԭΪһֱôгȥȴû뵽Ҷĺĺִһѹ
ЩӶģô϶û˻һʩһҶ壬ͬҶɻ࣬ʩһʶԼ˽ӡ
ʼӡƤü˶Χת仯ò̬ΪƢɻʱѾر
Ҷ￩һ£ͬʱһƽУһֱʩСûΪʲô˸ı䣬ȴһʳ˾Ȼʱʩ
Ҷ廹ŬסԼ̬ʩЦЦ๫˵ﻰЩԼĥġ
˵ǸҲߦͺΣȥһҴҶ˵ҵһģǡΪǰ԰ˣҪǰԣǰôҲǸģǸԭԼըòóԣʱʱҲûôࡣ
ѾƲҲѲҰԻһִˣҶ֮ǰҲҪʩСԼԼӦôشʣ׼õĲݸû뵽
Ҷ˵꣬ҲûиʩӦʱ䣬̶ʵȻ๫˵ҵĺô˵ط๫ָ·๫ܲܿͬìܰɡ
Ƶʱ̸ǮΪʲô벻̸ͬ⣿
һֱһֱǮǣⲻȥ
ʩһζҶЩ˵֮һֱڵҶĻش
ҶüͷǲΪʲô뷨
ЩԼΪʲôǻһԼӦǮ뷨
ʩҲҶԻصطûҶԼּ˵ȥ˵ΪԼģǾԼ˴ԼûãӼǲæҲǮġ
ҶʩĽͳ׳Ĭˣûô࣬Ҫûн飬ýҶṩĺƣԼӦҲô
֮ǰҵĴûҾⲿǮǲӦҵģôﶼǳģÿ˶иɻǲͶģȻ˻ǾӦõǮҶʩͬԼĵԭ̫򵥣ԭΪּӣֻҪǮʩĸͲд֪˵뷨
๫˵ҽôźãǮǼյģǮôǮкܴһֶǴɩ׬ģɩԼͳȥнǮҵĵ
ҶʶԼ֮ǰ뷨ԵĵطǮǼŲԼţʩĸҪҲӦýɩС
֮ǰǽķȥ𣿲ξϴһķ磬Ǯӣ׬Ǯ֮Ҳи㿴ôʩĬƬ̸Ҷ𰸣Ŀǰ׵İ취һɳԿҲռ˵ӣֻԼ˹ȥԼ׬Ǯ
ǲǴû˵ȻûзּңÿǮģ㽫֮󣬴粻ὫһǮҲԼһԼĻʩҶ岹
Ҷͬɻ֮ûгʱദȻѾˣЩ黹ǲġ


 30 

Ǯô㲻˵罫ǮﻹǮӣҶȻͬʩ뷨, Ծвʡ
ȥͬ˵ЩǮҲû, Ǯ͵Ǵ罫Ǯ, Ȼ淽, ЩҲ˵ͬȥ˵ˡʩͷ˼Ƭ̸Ҷ𰸡
õҶ˲Լһ, ԭԼ顣
๫˵εľӦôҶԭʩʩĸ۸, һֱ黹ûа, Ҫ͹ȥ, ܻܲ۸
ЩһѶ٣ʩ֮㿴˼Ժľ, ûϸҶѯʹ
Ӧûж٣Ҳǲ, ҾȥǺͼͣǺ԰ժãС˵Ұѡ
ԭҲǴһģǽ֮϶ôˡһ֪Щô, ҪֻоһԣҪȶľ¥;ƣҿ϶ģҲһļҵ, ʱץʱһ㣬ȵʱ϶ûˡ
ʼǴ͵˶ۣȻ˺һʩЩ, ֪ԭҶôġ
Ǹ̫ˣ˳Զˣ˾ܿ͸֮ǰһ̫ףֿСժѣԲ׼Ѿƣǰûô࣬ǽ֪ǵ뷨֮϶ôˣѾƸô죿
Ҷǰû⣬֪ԭԼ׬Ǯô鷳һʱ֮ҪקԼͷԼһ㡣
˼ֻӣ׼øȥʩ׼ץסҶ廰еصʵ
ҲһֱɣЩѵ̫𣿾볤һ㣬ʱ䳤˱Ҳʱȫͬһǲȥ𣿶ЩҲһҪеġҶԼҲʲôܸɵ֪ôһҲΪǰҷ򵥣Ҫ׼ϸʮа˾Ŷܵõ˶֪ˣԼⷽӲûа취𣿻Щʱӳȥ
ƵķӼ𣿱ܹ𣿡ʩʵ
ʵǼ򵥵ģֻƷһˣٶԱоǸ谭Ҷش
֪ԭ۵ֱʩҶع˼۵⣬๫ȱ⣬˼ֻ֪ļ۸Ӧô۵ġ
Ҷ忴һɫԼӿ̫ܲãҲһֱԼϵ⣬ʼ׬ǮʱĽһ롣
ﻹҵģ˵磬Ҫ˵˭֪Ժ᲻иìܡ
ҶԼƲ̫ʺϴ⣬ʵľӦýԼķȥԼҲԼֲɣôһԵĺȵķҲΪϱӼϾ˭Ҳһֱóʵķӹ
ʲôʽ磿ǰվ̳ӴСȥǾԺЩСȥʲôӦøʲô۸񡣡ʩһ۴ͷɥҶ壬Ҳ֪ԼӦʿɶֹǻ᲻ףЩͬҶ˵˭֪Ҷ᲻ʲôصѡ
ҶԼ֮ǰԺѾƣͳƵãҪרȥ̳ӺЩֱֵҶ翪¥֮׼ôͬûйϵˡ
Ҷ嵱ʱΪѾͺͰǣǿһֱظõģۺ˵ûжǮǰǻѶһЩ
һһͰɣʱöԼߣҲ鷳ˡҶ뻹Լ˼۸ԭָʩԼѸ٣һֱʩ˼·ܡ
ȻѾ˼۸ǲǿϸһѾӦôˣʩûз֮ǰ⣬ҪûȷĺģʽѾƵ϶¸ı׶ˡ
磬ֱӽѾƵķҲˣСǰʱԼʲôѧˣһֱӽȥɣ׬ǮˡҶԼҪƷˣԱ˵
ˣⷽҲҪʩԾһӼҶʡ
Ҷһɵ˴ϣűһԼҪԼѾ̫Ϊˣ罫ӶȥٿǮ̣ܲµʱȥҲѾɰɡ
ˣ׼ȥʩȻҶ̸ͬҲ֪ʱ䲻ˣҶȥˡ
ȥȥɣҿ˿ҵǮԹҿʡĵˣԭΪǼǮӦ˵㣬Ҿû˼ֻӦʲôģ뵹ȥӼʡʱʡǮǮ
Ҷڴ˵һͻȻ˾ضʩ˵ҾˣƾӦȥҺˣҾȥϿӡ
ʩҶһһէĶԭõ˵һ˲˵ˣֻܵͷѾˣһͬȥҵ뷨˵
ԭֻ˵飬ʩԼͿˣǼȻҶѾƵķҲ뽻ȥԼȥܹ˵
ҶڴӦһǴӦ֮±ӦеĳĬ
ʩĶҶķ˶ǸʩڳһƬ˯ĵط


 31 

ڲĴ, ȴһ죬˾ˮˮ
ΪյĶ̫࣬Ѿ˯ʱ, Ҷ˯, ԼͷϷȥ, ԭ˯ȫʧ
ȻѾϨˣΪѾʮ, Ǹ, ¹Ҷʩķһ, ȴöʩ۾
˯ţʩȿڵ
๫Ҳû˯𣿡Ҷ巴ʵڲͣطЩԼΪ, ҶһֱԼΪʩ, ʩһøȴûʩҵ벻ַʽǡ
๫, ˵ߵ𣿡Ҷ建һֱ˼ʱԼͽǮķֳ˵ǲʩͶͲˡ
ﲻѾдֺαʳʩûȤشҶ⣬Ϊлǹһ顣
ҶҲʩʲߣҲ˯, ֻҵ⡣
๫㿴һûңҶ㣬οƾٿԿô·ʲô鷳𣿡ʩӽ絽һֱ, ҶʩĳɼȻ֪϶ܹǸ⡣
ϰ񡣡ʩȻԼĳɼ, ǲ׼ģϾֱӿԴİףǵ͵һȽϺá
๫һ·Ͽʲôӡ̵飿ϸ˵˵ҶʵйԭŮ飬ҲֱʳֻܹĨǵʣʩԭŮʲôӡ
ʩҶ֮󣬲ûֱӻش𣬶̲סüͷȻԳɼ⣬һ·ϸӡ󲢲ãȥʱһ·̶꣬òײ굽˸֮һ֪˭ҵѾߣջ˰ʦ֮⣬ûһġ
ҽ첻Ǻ˵զһλʦ˼һ£ûȷҪҪʦʩԭŵľ飬ȻҶŵˣԼҲ˳µ˵˳
ҶʩĻشֻ֮Ȼţƣ˰ʦϸʦʦԼʩȻʱʦԼҪǿҪҪʦѲν֮
Ȼö࣬ҶϻҪֳһ¶ӣʦһΪʲôûдӦʦ˵Ҿѧǽʱ䶼ӦڸǶ飬Ҳ֪Ƕ鿪̫һ꣬ܲ˵ʦн취ܹҪԼϸ롣ʩϸ͵ʱĶģʱȥʩ侲
ԼģԼûԼʦĺʦӦôԽԽǸȡ
ҶʩĽͷ۾һ¡
ʩûǮǮѽԸʩǮ͵ǰͶˣʱʩͣҲΪԼǰͶʶ˼ִͬһӾˣҶԽԽ
ԼҲɲסˣֳͷʩķսһ㣬˵ΪǮ⣬Բн飬ԭҲһˣǮⷽûҪֵҽ׸ǲģ๫ôأ
˵๫ȥǶ飬ǮⷽУ๫ģ๫ͬ𣿡ҶԼ⻰ʵС
ʩĬƬ̣ڵΪӣôһֱԼӵǮƣⲻɷΪȡ
ǲһһΪʲôҪǮֵôڻǮ꣬Ϊ֮ʮ꣬๫ôһͷصģʱһȥǮͶ𣿡Ҷضʩ˵
Լ޾вǮʩĸǱֽ֮ǰȫˣҲǸţǮǲõĵġ
Լ׼Ժ϶ܹ׬ǮӦǲΪǮġ
ӣ֪˵ʲôһԳͷûûأĸ׷ˡʩøʵֹһ˼⣬ȻԼûпϣӦԽˡ
Ҷһ֪ԭʩǸ᲻ŵˡ
Һ๫ԭһ壬๫ʲôҶֵ֧ģ๫϶еģǵһûУǻеڶֻ꣬Ҫ๫Ը⣬๫ƿһֱ飬ҪΪǮ๫Ǿ˵͢˷ʳģ๫ģǮĲǸϿ·ϣǾ๫׼Ի꣬๫Ҳһܹ·׬ġ
ʩû˵ҶΪŵһ̸ͨͽ֮ǰķ·ŵһߣ¸Ǻñ׼˯
ղŲ˵׼𣿲ȥôǮ𣿡ΰѼҶʩĻ
ȥǸʲôҾ׼ԶҲسˣСӶѣûҪôԶҶ۾ڻش
Ҹո룬˵öԣһˣȻһʵӦһֱֿģǰסԺͬÿһ𣬿ͬһȥ˸ǣǱԼҸطסÿȥʦ߳ȥдų׬ǮҲÿԼӣҲǰƽƽ
ʩһϯҶԭѾ˯˳ȫˣһ۾ŵؿʩ๫ôģ
ԣȷʵôģ֪ʲô뷨
Ҷ˵˵޶ϣһɷסһӦöͬ⣬ҶҲ˵ֱӾܾĻ
ֻһٸԼ侲侲ҪţҪһȥǣһˣҪͬУ̫ˡ
˵öԣһһ顣ڸһѲС㣬ȻҸ֪ѾӣǶԷ˿ûãΪڲƭһͬȥҲּƽϺʹģλѲСԶһ㡣ʩ뽫Լ˸֮ÿն˵˳Ҷȥǵͷ
Ҷʩ˵þԭŮʩѹλС㣬ΪʩʦλλСףպǵĽӴƷԽԽࡣ
ʩȻ˵϶ҪӦһȥǵģҶǰ˼ȴò˼
๫ȥǼ£Ǻ͵˵ΣҶԾɼԼԭ˵ʩʩĸʩȴЩΪ
ϸǱǡ
Ҷ˹˯⣬ȴͻȻһ飬ǵûԭдƢؼӦҲʱԼƢҲʩ˭֪Ż᲻⡣
룬ָһԵʩ;ƸҶ磬๫ܲԼȥѽŵúͬɩ˵˵ܲôɩ¸񡣡
Ҷ˽ڣһţϾǵһλ
ֻлһвϣ


 32 

Ҷⲻ, ʩҲûΪڶʩͬʩһŽһѾ͵Ҷҡ
ʩʱҶѾѹ, Ϊ̸Ҷĳ̶Ȼ̨, Ҷ忴Ծûʲô, ʩؼ֮شкԼ֪ˡ
ҶȻ෴ʩ˵̨, ʩһ俼״Ԫ, ʩ˵ĺ, ҪŰھϯ, ϲĲӦҲ, Ӧʱʱ̿עš
ʵȻطϢвûʲôҪ顣ԹҶԾһ޾ɵģ, ʩ˹ȥסҶֵȰ
˵ƽĽ٣ǱϾͬһŴ˯ˣʩҲյ̸ҶϲûϢá
Ҷԭھȥ, ԼʩסֶȻѹϵͳǺúûţҪ룬г
ԼһֱڴٴͬʩԶǧ, һԭŮһԣ˭֪᲻ʲôˡ
Ȼʩ˳ԼߣԼܴᡣ
๫, ˣ˵öԣҴ˴κһȥǡǱ߾Ҫͷ๫˵ˡҶ弱Ҵҵؽʩ뷿УԼĴ㡣
ʩҶĻشЩȵüëԭΪҶӻҪپϼܸ𰸣벻һϵĹҶ˶Ͼ
鱾˵ãʩֻǰҶֱ֪ˣȻѾˣֻҪһЩԼҪߵĶ齻ҽԿɡ
ҶڴϿʩ뿪ԭ޾ɵģҲһģԼȥ֮Ӧʲôźá
Ҷ嵽ҹϢѣһĹڴ˯˹ȥ
Ҷİõ˯˹ȥʩûôɡ
ʩʩĸǮһȥʩʩĸ
˵ϱȥʩĸһվǰʩЩǳ
ţԼӺͶϱɻ֮һֱҲʱһʩʩĸҲľܾ˶ҪȥǣǱضһʲСĻ
ʩԭ˵ԼĻȫԼʦеڼҶˣҲ֪ʦô롣
һ˵ǶԷԸԼҲŲģҸ·;ңԶʲôԼڼҲֻܸɿš
һ˲ʩĸ뷨ͬʩһۣʩɤӿڵͬͬϱȥǣֻҲǼҵһͬȥǱضǲСĻڸǵʳסÿһҪǮĵطЩҪϸϸǵġ
ʩ֪Լ˵֮ȻԼĸȻⷬ˵ǣ˲ؽԼеǮ˳ҽԼĴϸϸ˵ʩʩĸ
ЩͬӶϸϸˣֻҪͬе⣬Ƕ˾Ϳ̡ʩֿһ۱ԼϵǮ͵ȥǵǮﲻõģȻ׼ȥǣͷϵ϶ҪģҹǵЩǮ͵ǵｫе˵պҲиϣҺȥǵǮҲ赣ǡ
ϸǣͷѾƸոտʼǶǰǻҪһЩʱգͬϸһ
ӽ޷ڵ߾Т׵ļ֣ⷨҲǶӶԵһТģԭ¶պ޷զߡ
ʩ˵˳Լ飬Ȼʩ˵üһȴ϶һӦġ
ҶϢһ磬緹ʮڻָ˾񣬿ʼ׼ԼеĲҪߵ
ʰʱҶ廹΢΢ЩᣬΪʩҵӣԼûüύŮܿԼֱʰĶԽԽҶҲ𽥺ΪԼǸСš
е鶼ܹǮн˵ģǿ϶ΪԼǮһ仰ѾҶ
ؽԼǮװ֮ҶӼᶨԼҪúǮ뷨󸻴󣬿ҪܹԼġ
Ҷ廹Լ˼УȴѾСߵԼķſߵţɩӣвϲˣ
ʩСõĶᣬɤȴһ㶼Сһ仰չʾԼļ
ҶҲֱӷԼеϻӿ˳ȥ
û۱ϲĳԴʮֺ棬ò׵ȵʱȻҪȥ
οƾٿֻʩһ˿УίϲҲ֪飬ʱһֱеЦݣ˿Ҳã֮黰һֱûϹܱ߿ֵھҲһ
Сܹʮˣ½˾ԼԱߣǿ˵һ䡰⺢ҿųģҲǴˡ
ʩʩĸĿΪֱӣ˺֮Χھ˵Ҽ׼ʮտˮϯɵøҼӲС
үӵȻҪȺв֪˭Ӧһ䣬ոӸǡ
ҶʱҲߵʩߣץסʩ䣬ϲ๫๫Ҿ֪๫һԵģ
Ȼ֪ʩֲʧ󣬿ʵҶ廹ǾÿģЦӯӯͬʩϲʩҶЦ۾ܹͫصӳԼԼķ·ҲܿƵ¡
ʩץסҶָӣڸԼеʵҶ˵Ҳϲӡ


 33 

ʩҵˮϯ˰ʮ, ʮһ˷æµʼҪõĳʳҲܱͬھӴкյΰʵһϵеĹ
Ȼ׼ϯΪæµ, Ҷȴ·ûжá
ʮһϴʩҵı˶ǰæ, ʩھҲϴʰ, ³鶼˴ȥƾܶߡ
ҶԺתһȦֲûҵҪԼĵط, ȥſڿȺ, ͬʩһ¼ʱĶҽһһ㡣
Ҷʶ˲, ʩΪҲֻԷЦһЦ, ԷԺѾںõλϡ
ˣʩһԾԼߵҶʵ
ʱѾٽϯʱ, ࣬ʩҶҲܹݵϢһ
Ҷҡҡͷ, ԺȺͻȻ뵽ʲôʩ˵
ʩҶͷҶվʼѰʩСá
ȵϯʽʼʱ˱㷢ԼѾ̳ӣǵȴƽȵģɫ, Ƕ档
ʩվ˽һ˵Լϱź˳ʩĻһϯڡ
ˮϯһֱϲ, ʩҼǳһ
ҹĻҶ崷ԼЩļ򷿼ȥȴʩ˷䣬ǲûڿ, Ž¼񵥷ȥؿš
ôˣʲô©Ҷ˹ȥ˵ԭʶֲ࣬Ҳϵ߰˰ˣ֮ҶԼҪһµĿꡪʶ֡
سм̻˺ʼղϹأӦνЩ˻زŲ档ǼȻҺ񣬱ضպҪҵʱֶ̣ҲԼ־ءʩϸϸͬҶ͵̫æңһʱ֮Щ⣬ȻûسǵμҾȻм˷ƱЩյġ
ʩһ˵һ߽еȦ˳
֮Ҳ֪ԼǲϹصģǽͻأֻҪ˵䲻˼ԷӦòʲôԹԡҶ忴һϱȦּ˵ҿ˶Ѿƶ⣬๫˻ʱ罫Ѿƺװһ£ϵĸң˵û̻˼ҲΪճѾƴг๫ô˾Σ
˵ѾѾȫʩʩĸ㣬ǱϾҶ֮ǰҲ˼ѾƹʱҶ˼˼
֮ǰҶ嶼û·ͬǴϻ򵥺ױʶƣѾƲֻͬҪ֣˵Ƴɣ˻Ҫһ˼
˵񣬱ӰšʩҶ˵֮ҶͼֱӴӦ
ձ׼ǰǣҪٺ˲žðġ
壬׼ͬŮһǰǣʮˮϯȻҶҶȥˣҶ廹רһʩͬ»ҶһˣǶҶҶĸĸ
๫ģҹҲû˴ǰŮǶ״еģպɽ·Զ׺úñ塣ҶҶĸֵ
ԽȻͬҶĸദʱ䲻ȴҲܹܵҶĸİŮ֮ģ仰˵ʵ⡣
ȥ˸ʳסʲôģŮô˵ãʱʩͬҶǰ̸ҶĸͬҶҶķУҶĸҲûй˼ֱ˳
Ҽǵ㲻Ǹ̸ͬô죿ҶĸȻҶͬʩһֱסһ𣬿Щȴǲòǵġ
Ҷ彫ͷҶĸļһһҶĸԼİţͬʱҲǶԼĲ©ȱijiǷʲôû뵽ĵط
ҶʩİźҶĸ侲Ȼʩ˶ͬҶʩȥǣûʲôĵط
֪Ҷ֮һȴҶĸ˳
ŮѾ˾ˣⰲպһϿģ㾡绳УҲԺĵҶĸԶҶĶࡣ
Ҷͬʩɻһֱ࣬Ҷ廳ҲãͬˣҶҪʩȥˣôһҲʽгˡ
ҶҶĸĻĬһӣҪҶĸ˵ЩʲôǿҶĸһϲջǽԼԭ˵Ļ˻ȥ˵Ҷĸ
ͱˣ˵ֲһܹɵģô๫Ҳû취ѽ
Ҷ仰̫뾭ѵһʱ֮ҶĸȻ˵
ܿҶĸͻعҶֱ£ⷬǧ
ҶͷְҶĸأ䱣֤Լ϶ϣҶĸͣסԼĶҶһ·
ΪҶĸĻȥ·Ҷ岻Ծڴʩһպʩ˺ӻǺȻԼ֮ǰξмʩĺӣΪ̫Сʲô
ҶĴʩע⣬ֻΪҶ嵣պȥ˸ǵⰲһ䣬Ӳصģһҡ


 34 

˵ҶһֱԼǰǵʱ, ·ʱŻȻ䷢ԭѾǾĩѮˡ
ԽԽ䣬Ҷ·˿Ҵ⣬ŴҽԴͽΪ, ڸ·;зһЩ, Ҷֱ
ʩȻҲ뵽ϴԼͬһ·ȥǵ龰, ֮ǰڼһֱææµµҶû˿ԣҶǴ˴εƷ
ҶȻԼ΢ЩǮ, ҲäĿŵ, һȥǻ֪۵, ˸Ҫⷿӵһϵ鶼ҪǮ, ڳǰܹʡһһ֡
Ҷ·֮ǰ, ·֮ȴɿδĶ̫, ֱһ̶ӵĺ棬ԼʲôѶ޷
·ʱʮģʩԼ鱾ϰ֪ʶҶǳ, ô죬ҶͻȻԼԭļƻлʶһݣ˲
Ҷ岻ʲôѧԼϱӳ˸߿ڼڿҿҴӲи, ʱʱһֱɢɢģʱɢΪиָĶʵڲлȥַŷ, ȴǲͬġ
ÿզߣͶʱܹߣҶԼֱҪùڲЩҶûԼ︮ǣԼͰԼƷˡ
ʩҲҶ״̬ҪЩʱ䣬һҶһڰضʩ˵ԼҪʶֵ뷨ʱʩֻüëʾԼľȣȻʮ˳ӵشԼóʼʶҪġǧġ
Ҷ忴ʩܹóǧġʱҲʮ־ȣʼ֮飬ʩӵˮƽ˵òˡ
Ҷͬʩ˵ԼҪʱҲû뵽ʩὫóֻϣʩܹԼõó˵Լʶ֣ԭǶģڴֲʶ
ҶԭļƻʩԼõøǴ򷢸ʱʵԼȵԼвʶʱܹһʩнѧ
Ҷ忴Լеġǧġһ˲临ӣԼʼȫһѽ
ʩҶԽӵһֱĬһȻҪʶ֣ⱾǧġʵģֻҪѧᣬպ򵥵ֶܿ
ʩı̫ԣҶ̲סһ䣬ǰѧʶֵģҶȻܹʶһ룬㲻ҪСˣҶȻ˵ĵﻹЩûףܿͲ֪ˣǲʶʩҲܰ
ʩҶķŻҶ֮ǰͬ˵ʱżʶ֣ΪȤǿǿѧһ㡣
ҵ͹ˣӿ֮ʣµ뿴ʲôѡɡʩظ֮ˣΪŮ޲űǵ£ȻҶѧϰȻֵ֧ġ
ҶҲʲôɣо죬Ǹĥ죬˵ӶǮö࣬ĶľͷҲڶϣʲô
ҶѾʼе鼮־ԼˣҶֻѰ飬պȥ˸ǲΪʶֶƭֲһҪ鿼ȡĶЩҲ޷
Ҷеȴͷβһ飬װԼ඼ʶģ䣬һʩ֤Լǰʶ֡
ҶĻȻ֪ʵڿȥʱʩƿĴǵĴſڽߣҶԭоѾùֶּĦȭƵ׼ŵȵ˸֮һú÷ŷŷ硣
һ·ϲûоΪسǣһֱż·ϾǰǮģ·ϵʱԽҪǮԽ࣬ҶҲ·϶е顣
֮ҶƼѡһ俴ΪĿջʽͬԼһ·ҲʽĻ
Ҷ帶ķǮ׼ʱҸʵķʽ
Ҷԭȵڶձʩͬһȥⷿĵطȴʩд㣬׼ȵһȥԼʦ
Ͼʽʦ˴ǰȻѾ¶ҲӦõһʱȥݼ
ҶһʩĬĬʩûһǾǰǾԼ࣬Ҫϴܹʽ̬ȥԼʦ
ȻʩаţҶҲûжֻʩʲôǵ֪һ
ڿջյˣ׼ϴϢ֪һǱˣһǰһֱ뿪ǰ
ֻ뿪һȥǰԺ鷿뿪һȥĺԺ

 35 

ҶʱߵѲ֪ȥ, ΪѾ໥յļƻҶ岢û⣬Ǿֱȥϴ
Ҷԭͬʩһȥⷿ, ʩ, ҶԸһ֪, Բûżжǵ˿ջ¥õСһ, һ߹۲һ̸۵顣
Ҷ岻׼Լж, ܲһֱһ֪
һĵط, ʱȥõĿƾٿѾ۵ص, ̸ʲô鷢
Ƭ֮Ҷ֪Լѡ˵ط, طϾǿջʹṩˮ͵ıҲ, Щ˴̻ǱģҪڿջдйظǵԲ֮١
Ҷ׹ʱѾЩˣûлطֱ¥ϣСѯʸֵĵط, ׼ʩĻͽȥ˾ʱȥ
Ҷ¥һҲʲôջûУһ䡰˵Ѿ׼̫ˣǲ֪ĸӡʲô˵ò, ϲЩϢҶڴٴδӴġ
Ҷ֮ǰڴӴ޷˭˺ϲ£˭ҶʮТ˳ׯڳôҶһֱ͸ǵĲͬ
Ҷص¥֮Щ̾, ʮԼͬʩ뷨ͬʩһĸǣԲôϢ
һ˳ʱһϢԱĵطԼӰǾ޴ġ
Ҷޱ߼ʵţ뵽еԭŮ
֮ǰξʼԭŮòֻӡ̫̣ԭϾһӾС˵Ůīϸ˵ûж٣ҶҲһֱûĥԭŮӵôġ
Ҷ˫ԼͷĬĬţ־ԼӦһֱԭݣǵԭʩԽԽĺرǾӴЩʱʩԼӡ󲢲ˡ
ҶҲ֪Լʱ˴󣬻˵ʩı䣿ʩ̫Լ̫ɵһֱûз֣
ôҶĬĬҡͷһ²ȥ²Լ̫Ѻˡ
ˣ¥ҡҶ廹ں˼ʱűջеСˡ
Ҷ䲻лӵСĻ¥ȥ
ңҶ忴ԼǰѾߣʮɻԼδѾߣöԷԼʲô顣
ҼС룬ҶСƲѾ߶һⲢδش𣬶ֱӷԼԼ
ҶԼѾµ˭ˣɫƽһ䣺С˭
Ѿ߲شҶһתֻҪС۾û⣬Ӧܹ˸˵ķ٣СǷ̫أҴһֱûлشңС˭ҿɲǵ⸮Լ๫֮ʶʲôС㣿㲻岻ͬߣǲǲ̫ʣ
ҿɫҲˣֱӾôˣһ๫ҲôǺã˵ҲӦ˵̬ȣҲӦøҵ˭˵ǲأ
ͷѾ̧ͷһҶ壬ɫȻƽδΪҶĻɫʲô仯ƽ˵һ䣺ԵȣȥҼС㡣
Ҷ忴Ѿȥ˿ջſڸͣŵ֪˵ʲôѾƽҶ
Ҷ°Լ飬ʱʩڸϿ·ϻͬԭŮ˽ӴŮֲ֪ʲôе֪ĴڣԲŻʱջѰҶ壬ǲ֪Ƕ⻹ֻ뿴ԼʲôΪˡ
ҶˣҼС˵ĳŮ˾ķʩ˵ʦСʩ֪»ӣҼСһֱʮֺ棬ʶһѾ˵ֶҶӯӯһݣ̬ȲܣҲͬʩһʶ壬ΪСѾߡ
Ҷңңһ뾹ѾߣЩ˵ҷҲֵ㽩
ȻСרǰҲȥǲʵģ֪СڴԵһ̸֪ĵص㣬ڵʰһźá
Ҷû뵽ԭŮסԼǸոյôȲѰ˹ҶԭŮȻҲǺ࣬˲ûоܾԷԼѾ뿪󣬶һԵĵС䣬ȥ

 36 

δ, ȴһֱ˵㡣ܹҲǳȫһ¡ھջԶĲ¥УҶڼ˴˵еŮ
ŮʱͲŸոռǣͬҶԼкܴĲͬ, ҶҲֻ´һ۱㴹˵, ԭŮ˵ȥ
ò˵Ů˵, ȴҶһֱûиκηӦ̶̲סһ䡣
ҶʱǷӦһ, ΢΢̧ͷ, С˵ЩʲôҴδĲ¥һʱ侹۲, ûС˵, ʵǲ˼
Ҷ˵Ų˼, ȴû˿Ǹ⣬Це, ڶ˿
СԭͼƻУҶ֪֮һϻ̳Ͽ֣Լֻ֮ᱻԼò۷Լʲôʱ, Ҷ嶨ȻǲԼ״ӦȴȫȻˣСΪơ
ǵȥʩʩһŮ˵ֺ, ܳԱЩǮС㿴Ҳ򲻹ġԼǰŮȫȻ㣬СŸС
ŮŸ˷, ϵϲõģҲǸеģǴȴʮϣűֺøС
Сû˿ĺøƽһݴܸУеȫһ׼Էģû˿Ӱ죬Լܵ
Ҷ֮һʻСŻһѪ
С㣬ļҵǧ𣿷ĴҴææһ˼ԲãûмסС㺣
ҶԭվСװľͷ˵ѾҲ̧ͷһֿۣԼС״̬æͷԼע⵽
СֶݺݵؽһԼݣ㿴ԭԼλڵͻȻץסĸ첲ʮȵ˵ԭãžȻûз֣òɣ
С㱻ҶͻĶȫ˽ŲֻܴؿҶץסԼֱۣл˵š
˵֮С㻹һ˲Ļ㱣̶ŭԼȻҶǰֶ֢ݺݵؽҶ˦
ǴʱѾȫ֪Ӧ˵ʲôˣֳֻĬлԼԭļƻ
С㻹ǵԼ֮ǰļƻѹҶ壬ȻòҶ壬Ҷ磬ȻԼٱ⣬Ҷȥ֮ͬʩãȻԼͿԲսʤ
ⳡԼǧСҲסˣ¾ԼȹӴԼѾͬҶ
Ҷ忴ŶԷȥıӰĸԼ˸ҮƣԭŮӺͦȤģȥ˿Żͦ˵ġ
Ҷ巢ʱ磬ûż뿪¥רȥһ¥ڴԱߵ̸ԼĥŵӦøʲôӪźʡ
˵ڽֿ˼Ҿ¥ǹ˳һȥҶ˼žԵۣ°ĬĬŹȻǳʳ׬ǮҶ˼Ҳûȫ档
ΪϱӾ˵һ仰Ů˺ͺӵǮ׬ҶԼܹŮ֣ܸⷽЩʲôеĥͷͼĥЩʳʳʼζ鷳һЩʳȡóЧʱҲ̵ģ˺ǿȡ
ȵʩŵСָ·¥ʱ㿴ԼֵȺУ˼ſղ֪Щʲô
ԭ·ʩЩģҶӦϾǸǣʲô˵ʲôҪСһЩҶģǱ̸Լ߹ġ
ʩԼҲǸող֪ԭǸһֱԼС㾹Լʦǧ·ϻЩԼʱڸǵʱûͬҶϸ˵񿴵ҶȻģʩҲ
Ҷ忴ʩ֮ڲ¥ûжǸʩеĽŲ˿ջʩڻ·ͬҶϸϸ˵һԼ֮ǰͬСĽӴȻʩͲӴϾûдС㣬СֱʩԼӦý
صջķ䣬ûҶЪʩ˵һ顣
ԭ֪λСʦŮʦ˵ԼڳǶиĵլӣֻҪʮֱ˵ҴӦǲӦͬʦ˵ԼҸطסʩҲǽ֪飬ЩΣšüͬҶ
Ҷӻ֣Ȼʦһ⣬ҲѾӦˣǴ󷽷סȥԼլӲ˵ǮλҪ˼СжܿҲ֪ס˻һʼͲڡ
Ǳס⣬Ҷ˵ҲһЩסլͿÿճʱ⸮ǿŮӵĴ´磬ϾʱĥһЩʳԼڸܹ
˵Ҷ֪ʩڸǲʱ䣬ҲԼһЩǮŲ顣


 37 

Ҷʩڶձ˿ջķ, ʩһס˵լС
լӲ󣬵ǻ˵ﶼǶ, Ӧöܹͬʩ̸
ҶרС˹æ, ˵ʩʰ, լӳÿţ͹ҲΪլЩ
ԭҶ˵˼׼͸Ƿ, ʩʰլ֮ǽ˻ȥ
Ҷ·˵ԼĶʮȫ, ǰ¼Ҫе¶װһ, רһȥö, רΪԼð˷ʢĳʳ, ףԼǨ֮ϲ
ЩҶһȥģԴʩÿտ˵, ˵˽Ϊÿգȵٹϰ£еĶʹҪˣʱøŶʹڸѲ, ûйָʩĹΣڵĹʩЩ
Ҷͬʩȥ죬, Ҷȴ̫ƽ˵ȥݷ˵ģһŮ쵽϶˻Сд, Ҳ֪浽׻
ʩһǣҶ壬һŸ㣬һһͬҶ彲ԼʦƢԣڼˣҲֻһʴϾĻΧϾǰԺ鷿˹źԺʵǲôģֻܰԼһӡҶ壬ҶЩӡ
֮˳дģ΢ЦʮУҶҲ𽥷ԼЩ΢ͬ˺úý̸ڼ仹ԼõĻСԴԼͬ˵Ĺϵ
һʱ֮Ҳ̸뿪ʱ˵̬ȸˣҶʱǵó
ȥ·ϣ̫ûȫɽȴѾˣҶ岻Ĵ˸ʩԭǣҶ֣Ҷ˷Ҳע⡣
ʩҲЩʲôֻҶּӿٶȣԼ㵽ҡ
Ҷʵ䣬ֻǷŽӴ磬һʱûзӦѣʱʩԼյ֣΢ˡ
ȻԽ֮ͬʩĽӴʱ䲢㳤Ǻÿһʩס֣ҶҲʮϰߣȵֻ־һʩյĲĴЩҶҲ벻˼Щ⡣
Ҷ̧ͷһԼǰʩò˵ʩҶʱͺڵѧʱԼһͿĳɼʩ֪ӦʲôȽϺʡҶҶ忴ʩٴζܸܵޡ
Ҷȥʩ֣ò˵Ҷ忴ʩƤֱԼãǵʩԼֻҪһй򶼺úñԼ֣˾ȻøˮƽҶʮֲ
úûţҪ롣Ҷ岻ȻԼԽʱϵͳ
Ȼܺ룬Ϊβͬʩһķޣ
Ҷ뷨һðɲס
˵ʩĿǰϻһһǾ͸Ҷ廹ģҪʩԼɷ򣬶ҳһźΪԼܴȥһúùӡ
ʩҶǰлŽմԼʦ֪ʶԼ·ҲһĲɵӣ˲ջԼ˼Ǻú·ؼ˵
׼˼Լѧʵʩûг׷Ҷ΢ȵָʵ֮ǰʱ˵׼ڸǿӣʲô³̣
˵ǵ︮ǲżյʱ䣬ǼȻ׼ˣ϶Ҫóһ³̣Ҹǵ۲ϣҪиҪһЩȻá
Ҷ⼸Ҳĥйӵ⣬ԭ׬Ů˵ǮŮ˵Ǯ޷ǻױ·Ʋʲô߶˻ױƷҩڸֵطҲƾճҩԭ϶˵Щѣ·ΣʵԼղҲƣֻη
׼ЩʳģĻڿǣǻҪʱ䡣Ҷĥţ׼ЩСԣҲ׼ʲô⣬иСæľͳˡ
Լ³̾УֻԼҲҪǹԼӣ˵ƶǱϾǸˣȵܻҵ׬ǮķӡʩҶ䣬ԼҲЩ뷨˵׼רı޷ʼ̵ѧǱϾи˵ĹֻܹЩģЩ¿ǲˣٵϼա
Ҷ岻֪ʩ룬ʼĥԼﻹǵõʳСԣ廹Ҫһ롣
һĥԼСԣҶһ߶ǰʩ˵ԡ⼸վҪ鷳๫ˡ
ʩ䲻֪Ҷ˵鷳Ǻ£ǵͷӦЯֻصС


 38 

ص֮ҶڽԼĳʳ, ׼ʹӲҶ֥Ϲϱʼ⼸첻żӣȴС̯ӿʼ
ҶϹϱ֮ǰԼ, Ҫζ, ҲỨ̫ʱ, ʳŶȽϼ򵥣ҶܹķΧʵġ
ļʩÿճʱвҶ, ÿջؼʱȺϹϱ, ˵ʼʩеʮֿ, Ҷһֱ׷ԼζЩطҪ֮, ʩͲôˡ
Գʳһ򶼲, ҲûȱʲôϣҪһЩõĽǼֱ졣ÿҶ忴Լ, ۰Ͱ͵Լشʱʩ;ʮΪѣֻһһҶԼѾܺˣûоʲôȱĵϡ
ҶҲʩЩʳû, Լǲ̫ģԲʩǽԼĶָ˻Ϥھǡ
һǿУһҲھǸ, ǷʲôҪĽġ
ֹҶȷ˵ϵȥ˸ǵĳϣ׼̯ˮ
Ҷ忴еϱӵʳ, С̯СֶУҶ۲һȦĿǰûкԼġ
Ҷ⼸ھǵķӦԼҲһЩĵᡣʱ򼦵ǽΪϡĶǲԣÿγͻϧϹϱճʱʮԾͶ۶ԣϹϱȲҶҪЩҲʹŲҶƻȲϹϱҶ岢Ҷ
ֻǶͨǶԼ۸ЩߣԿϡЩǮ׷Ʒʵ˶ԻǽΪƽ֮ֻҪ㹻óԣ΢һҲûʲôϵҶҲһԣ˵ҶϹϱҪĺá
οϹϱϾһļеĶҶ忴ǾòҶԼΪ
Ҷ̯һʩһȥģһСѶ˽ϣ׼ʼԼһ⡣
ʩҶԣҶΪŶ΢΢֣ջǽųڵҶ˹ֻֽһ𣬺ܺõػҶĽš
ϸ˵Ҷһô⣬֮ǰΪ飬Ҷʵ˲ټϹϣֻΪ˽ܹһ㡣
ӣӵĳʳܺóԡʩοҶһ䣬յҲûɿ
ʼʩҶǿӣû뵽Ҷӳʳ𣬱Ͼ֮ǰڼҶȻҲǺͳʳ򽻵ǳɹ֮󣬻ԼͲ񸮳ֻԼû뵽Ҷ廹ѡ˳ʳ
ɫһ𣬽ϵԽԽ࣬ϹϱҶֳģʱϹϱɢζͽ˹˹
Ҷ׼ʳʩվҶԱΪ֣ǮҲĬ
ֱ̫ȫҶ̯ӲƽҶ忴һԼѾʣ޼ĲҶѾϹϱԼ̯ˡ
ʩʱݹҶöͷϵĺ飬ԼĶһ¡
Ƿ޶ǽոİɣⲻѽȴǸһˡ
ҶʻѰȥǸһƵ΢Цۼ⣬Ƕ˽ոҶ˵ŽԼʣ¼ĲҶ˹ȥǶ˽ո֪ϻûʲôĹأһ
Ǹ˱ͿҶ̯ϵĲҶã񿴵ҶôϵϵЦݸ󣬡ⶫĿɲȻô󷽣дĽȻҲš
Ҷԭû뵽ΧùϵԷʱͻȻ뵽ԼѧʱСԽֿ飬һЩʲôҪעĹأԼҲЩ֪ʡĴùͷƽ¶ˡ
Ǹֻ˵˼仰̯ӹµݣƽЩҫӣҶ˻ҪһЩ
ҶлǸˣһ۳Ĭվһ̯λʰʩ˻ȥ
»ķްɣСڸãҶ˻ȥָ̾һ䡣ɷ򷽲һֱأòôÿ˿ǲСҪúðղС
Ҷԭúվʩߣʩݶʰ̯ӣ˵ĻϵĶһɣʩӦΪѸҪմˤ顣
òҶסԼϵĶ̧ͷʩĲڷѿ
պˣһ磬ЩȥϢɡʩʱϣҶ֣ʾҶԼؼҡ
ղ绹ӿǼ۸°ɡߵ·ʩͻȻ˵
๫㲻𣿡Ҷ̧ͷʵû뵽ŵһʩ˵ˡ
ԽԽ䣬ҿЩ񲻼ãѾܵ⣬˶Ǹù룬ÿһʰȥϣԼ̯ӻټÿյ·ѣֱиӣһЩʩ뽫ԼĹ˵˳˶ּһ䣬ӵȫܹӣ϶ʧܣÿջܶϢʱ䣬ÿոоһЩ
һ̯Ҷ嵱ȻҲᵽ˰̯Ĳףԭԣ˵ֻǵһ첻ϰߣû뵽ʩô׼ԼӣҿԼʮš
๫˵öԣڽһķãȿӣȻ㡣Ҷԭ;ó̯ʵƣʩ˵ȻȻؿʼӡ
ҶҲԼʩһäĿΣʩֻҪʩ˵ܹɵһԳɹҶ岻֪Լ̬γɵģҲûʲôҲȥı䡣
˺ܿ쵽˼ңҶȥʰˮ׼Ȼϴʩ򽫳ϵĶʰŽԺ
Ҷ˻𣬵ȵˮ֮׼ʩȥϴ
Ҷ̧߽᷿ͷ㿴ʩĲԭС̯ǰ˼ҲЩ١
ӣʩҶ֮վȲҲ׼˵ɻ
ʩ֮ҶԼӲˣߵʩǰʩûзӦ΢΢ڽſٵʩһ£΢ʩ˵ˮѾ׼ˣ๫Щȥɡ
˵仰ҶҲûеӴʩķӦ߳˷ţʩվԭãȻԼոձǵĵط̲֮ס𴽽ǣ᷿ȥ׼ϴ衣

 39 

ҳ     
  ȫ   APP

ʱ䣺2020-03-08 11:42:12
 &copy;ѧ 鹹 ģ Ȩ Ȩؾ ʶĶ   

 40 

Ҷʩûеʱ, ϴʰһԼеĶǰ
˽ҶϹϱֳݣһʩȥǰԺ, һҶŽˡ
Ҷ嵽Ժ, ȲϢ˳Թ緹֮紦˸һ, ʱɣҶҲܿˡ
˼ҶŶ, ȻЩΪȻ, ȴҲ, ǰӭ, , Ŷʲô˿
ҶҲ֪ǿ׻ƹܺԺ, ϡеĶЩԼǣΪһ̽ʵԼҲרһˡ
ҶЦЦ, еĶԵѾߣ鷳ԼĥһʳֵʲôǮ, ҲҺ๫һ⣬¡
˻ӻ֣˽˶, õӰڷųҶҲ˵Ĳȥƫͬ˵
⺮ţԵѾ߶ϵĵӣɫЩֵ˹
˿ϵĶ֮һ䣬ʩԼĶ
ҶͷѾԼЩС˳ȥģ͵ǰֻǲ֪СôԼ׵ġ
ԼģգȥһС̯ӣƽﲹã˲糢ֱȲóԵġ
Ҷ˵꽫ԼϵĵתƵϣ˶ʾһ˼ģٴʵ˵·ѾҼⶫˣдʵҿʼǰڸǻδҼⶫһʱЩ档ҼС̯ӽղǿŵĵڶ죬ǲǸлеڶӣ
˵Ǻܴ󷽸˽ͣԭʩӵĶطܳԵⶫĸ˵ǰδЩǲʡĵŮ͹ġ˵Լ俴֮棬Խ˻˵ҳʡ
˽ŮԼ飬Լ֪Ҷȥ
С㵹ǸТ˳ôʳҲͰ͵ǰСһТ֮ˣµˣⶫܹ˷ҲǺһ
Ҷ忴ϲ̸˳˵ĿС䣬˳תƻ⡣ҶлЩźεȻδС㣬Ҳ֪ɺϻ˹ⰲš
ʩҶûо֮ǰصԼլӣҶ岻ͬʩлһ鱾˴˴Ϊʩõҵˡ
ʦңұ㲻ѧϰˣֻʮµ̼ɡʦҪʼѲ鸮ܱߵĸڶʹ֮ǰ׼ܳ˲ԴһֱԼڼͺá
ҶʩרΪҶ˼䡣
ʩͣ½Ų֮ǣҶеķȥӴ΢ָ⣬ʩֽţϣҶܹ
´γŻǶഩ·ϺãһձһԼҪעЩʩ뵽Ҷ֮·һĶ׬Ǯϣ仯ѴŲûǰ⡣
뵽ʩЩģӽʲôţȥ￴ԽԽҪעﱣůźá
ҶʩĻЩ㶻زĬĬԼǲǷʩʲôԸͼܣʩ·ǰĲ̫һأ
ȻʩҶĶǾܾΪջԼ˹˲鿴ʵ̡
뵽£ҶҲûмͬʩһؼңת׼ȥһȥ̡
ʩһ𣬿Ҷ忴һʩĻе鱾ջǽȰ˼УԼȥᡣ
Ҷ뿪Ҳ֮˾ʹԼߵѾֽŲҴҵȥԼŮԺӡ
ԺҵԼŮʱͬеϹϱдʡ
һ˵Ϲϱĸֲãһ̲סһڡߵѾ߼ֲ֣ҲûǰȰ衣ֳҲ̲ס˳顣
ԼŮһֱǴҹĴ֪ԭŮԼ⸱ӡ
ǵŮǴһ֮𽥱ѲԼʱܵ˭Ӱ죿뵽ɫһǾԼӦһ⣬ϸ˽һŮҷ¡顣
ôˣСԼеϹϱԼĸɫֵվԼǰﲻһ
Ǵʱ֪˽ﾹȻģΪһĸ׾ȻȫȻ֪ԼŮѾǰǷαװģ˭֪˽ﻹҶ飡һ˼Сʱɫɷס
ګګĸףҽ͡
ҽҲǺ㶵Ȧӵģǰ˵ģһϾ˹ˣʩɡ˺լ񱾾ͷæһԼŮзִ磬û뵽ԼŮȻԼⷬģ
һֱʩⶫרȥİɣ˵ʩ޶ôûкһͬţԭԭ򡣡˵ʩѾӣȴǶ˼ңѵùŮ׼һȥƽ𣿡
ûУŮԼĽ׸˵ƽޣԼĸ׵ĻСۿѾỨ
ȻԼŮиףǽղһԼŮѹԺ󻹻и鷳ϴԼΪ̫ŮֻǶ䣬Ƕʱ䲻׳ţȴõôһЧò˵ʮʧ
뵱ƽޣٶʲô˼ʩ޶˶Ѿ֪ˣҲרһˡ˵㲻뵱ƽޣ㿴ЩٶѲ㻹׼ʩȥʩȢΪ𣿡Խ˵ԽΪŮ̫Լʧ˵Ҳ𽥱õͳ
ҽͣҲ˼µСҲ֪ԼӦöĸ׽ʲôֻܽץס׵֣Լ͡
ˣ岻ãڼкúϢسˣյĽһϤ˻أ㸸Ҳȥ˵ӽһֱԼԺУûҵķԸܳȥȻԼŮȴû˿
̣ͬϸϸ˵˵СЩʱյľٶҵҪҵĺŮҵ׻ʲô顣˵ʹ˸ɫԼ˽Ѿߴȥúÿʡ
⸮֮߹С㣬㸸Ȼֻƹܸǣ㻹иةүү⳯һĹŮ򲻿ԼҲҪôֻϣܳʱúҲԹǰΪЧȴ򲻿ɡҲʩǲǧֺãҵŮ¼һѾӵľˡ˵ֳ̾һ䣬ҲˣԭڸΪһҺ㸸֮Ǵ뾩Ϊá
˵ֻ֮ͷһԼŮ߳Ժӡ
Ҷеִһ֪ϺõΪ֮С


 41 

Ҷ尴Լõʱ˹, ӭǶԷеЦԷе̬Ⱥ˿ͬҶЩ, Ҳûж, Ͼ̬ȺöǺ顣
е˿Ҷ׼ʱ֮, Ҳһٹ¾Ҫ, ׼̵в, ʱ̵ȴûж, ˿Ҷǰ, ΪԼʮСǲɵ, Ϊǰ⣬ԶҶǰŮӲϣ
ǸСϲ̵Ĵλûдŵļ۸, ԭΪҶᱻ۸Ȱˣû뵽ˣȻǿ϶̣Լͷġ
ŶҶֺ̬ϼ֡ԼȻǸõ, ǹطƽ˲ܹ࣬ûⷿӵʱȥҲǹһٵȵϻ㱨֮ҲÿһЩ
֪տ˳еЩӣ罫տص˵ңϸϸ˵£˵ֽҶտĲ˳, ׼Ҷ˵Լǵӡ
ҶӺͶԷ˵һԼеĵطʵ⼸ӶһƬģλ, ΧҲ㷱Ϊֻм۸λãûоĹ죬Ҷ׼ȥš
֮˿Ҷļ̣˵ǡ
⼸Ƿڹ괺ⷿƼ۸Ҫǣǳ̹ҿڹ˴׼ϼһ߼¼Ǯˡ
Ҷһ֮˶Ը̵ĽܣһԼĳ̡
һǸǸС¥˵ԭǿ¥ģֻϧиöĵĶӣΪ˻ծȲѲŻʱҲ
ڶҾǰһҵб棬֮˽ʱЩ£ֻ˵Ҷѡļ˵һ
Ҷ忴µ̬ȱ֪飬±ɫҿӣڶӿ϶ɣ²˵ѲɵȵԺӳ飬һҪȥԩ˵ǹ֮ƭңҼǵƹܸµΪĸ浽²ΰɣ
ǹ֮˵оҶ⻰˵Щ󣬱ϾСһ㵽±оҲֻҲûʲô캦飬㵽ʱ浽Ҳʲô顣
Ҫ˵ûҶúÿӣһҶɫ̬ȻһԼʲô֮ؽȥҲῴˡ
˵ǰٸ֮ˣڹֲһڹܣˣɣǵñȣҪˡ
ôţѹϸϸ˵ӷˮã
Ҷ仰һ£ԭΪµ̬﷢ʲôɱأû뵽Ƿˮá
ô÷ҶȤ׼ϸʡ
ӵ˲ĻȥģӲ¿϶ţ֮ǰ͵굽Ůӵ䱦ٵĳµ꣬˴ǲ¾ѾɲȥˡѾûʽˡ
ҶһһޱؽӴˣҵĸֺ͵һƣ㡣
Ҷڴڶ֮ĬĬؽһɾ˱ѡСҪôĵط֮ŵڶΪˡ
ҶֻһۣһֵĹսǴȻԼסĵط߻谵ЩҶ忴Ų⡣
ֻʣµļˣļҺ͵ͬһϣǰӲ󣬵Ǹֺܺã֪һʲôģһܳĸ̨Ҷʮ⣬ҪȻͨͨʣǴһԺӡԺӲſ䣬Ҷûʲô⾳ǾԶĵطпھҶ߽ƣ滹ˮܹʹá
Ȼļǳ˵һǸ͹ǸСԺϡ
ҶбȽżҵŵͳϸϸ˼ҵշѷʽǰҶǿķʽҶǩͬǵĴȴҪֱġ
˵ϸϸһͨǰ׼ӵ˶ǱҾڸǵģǩⷿЭ飬ֻҪڸõļ֤£ǾǲµģǷÿµǮƣֻҪ֪ãñȨջطݣϳ
ǵĴǸˣ˴뿪ԺҲˣҪֱҸԾ󻼡
˵֮һ䣺ֻ⣬һǰʱǼ۸Ҫٸһ㡣
Ҷ֮˵Ļżϸϸţ˽⻮㣬ĵĴȻҪһʮ˵ĵڶֻҪһӡ
ʮӵĲ˵СĿҪú롣
֮ҲҶΪѣڻعһ·һ仰ûж˵ֻǽĴӺû˵һ飬ҶԼ⡣
ʵ˽ҪҶѡڶģԴǳ˷ˮõ˵Ժ󣬼ֱˣûȥᣬҶǴѡٱ֮ǰ˵ϣ
İһҲҲⲻȥķȥˣֱǴһ
֮Ȼ࣬ǲû˵Ҷȥ·̻㰲ܹú˼
̫Ҫɽ֮ʱҶߵԼլӣһ·϶ߵĺߵʱѾҪĴլˣϾϲġ
ȻİǰҶ廹ҪյѯʩһΣҲԼе׻жǮ
ʩȻҶ뷨Ҹ֪ҶǮԼϻһЩ
Ҷû뵽оϲϲ׼ȵһ۵ȹˣȥ̶
ҶϵЦݣʩԼҲ̲סЦʵһֱôҶеǮηģϾҶ˽ǮһӺɷǶԼӵ˽Ǯʧ˶˵ķš
ЩĲȻ࣬Ҳһ°ɡʩ˵ŴԼóǮҶķȥ
Ҷûп򿪿ʮ֮󣬿ʩ۾
ʩЩܲס۹⣬һͷȲ裬ϣҶܹһ㡣
ȴû뵽ֲ˼ĶҶӴ󵨣ֱƹӵ谭յǰڶһڡ
ȻʩĶۿɼٶȱ죬ߵʩҶ巴ǷſˣЦִ֮սһһڣȻſЦݣǮ׼ǰȥ᷿Լҡ


 42 

ʩͻȻǮ, Ҷ岢ûжʡ
ǵʩӾԺһֱ˳˳ˮģʩȻеѾ, պҲһ˳˳ˮ, ֱ졣
Ҷ岢ûж, ȴʮ־ϲ
׼ӣȻǮԽԽáڸʩ֮鵴ȥԼǮ
ʩʮ, жٰʮ, ǵ, װһ, ԼӦûʣһٶӦճ, ÿջˮΪˣҶһ, һȥὫӶ
Ҷ忴ԼеķϵЦôҲѹסȻҲûѹ˸߲ҵͬʩҫһ, ֶʩ˲ʺƨ֮󣬲Ÿɾʮ׼װԼе̣׼˼ԼӦټЩʲôʳ
ϹֻˣԽԽ, Ϲϵǣ֮ɱͻǲƻ߸ıԭ, Ϲϱȼ󣬾Ͳֵ̫ˡ
̵ڲִһרŵĳطЩСҪЩ鷳ĶСʩչ
ҶװڲʱһԹԵģʲôտը⽣ӣ̲ȵȵնָԭܡ
ҶתһȦնСԣըèͻ֡
ҪõֶҶڿǰֱҵԼ֮ǰ򼦵С̯ĸ˵Լ׼򼦵
֮ǰҶĲҶϱÿʮϵҶһ˵ԼҪԼĹֿ˻
ǸǸһׯģΪ֪мǽεĻԼҼһιĸΪһЩ롣
רӣֻһּǸӶˡΪÿÿĸÿҶ̫鷳Դ峤רѡôӶˣǳũæʱÿյĻƾǽļһͬȥ
Ҷʼ׼༦ʱ׼ֱҵһǿϵ̷֮ŷӦû΢͵ҵԼ֮ǰһֱ򼦵ĵطѯʶԷһٸܷ񹩸
˿ҶҪ֮϶ʱϲһӶĸÿնмգΪҼһǮĶԼóԣʡǣȻǡ
Ȼ𽥱䣬ļҲµˣһٸǻܹóģҶͶԷһøӶԭеļ۸Ͻһصԭǽˡ
ʣµ͵ֻҪʱ깺ɡ
ݶԺСԷչҶΪԼиŵ˽⣬ԭ̯ĵط죬˳ԼѡսԼļҵȥ
Ҷ߷ˮʱʩҲ˳ĹȥԼʦˣȴõ˱׸ǧɽҵˡ
ҵʩ£˵ƢҲʮֶθڣһ֮УֱʱҵһֲģϸѯʩסҪͬʩһԼ̸
ʩҵҲʮѺã֪ҵҲвƥ⻹о¥ʩͬҵ̸˳˷ֱʱַԼպμҾ¥жҪúô̸һ
Ҷʩľ󣬲ò̾ԼȻûŮԽⱾҲдʱˣһѾ֪Ӱϵͳ⣬ɶָûС
ӣʩʮӣԼǸͱ⵰ˣﻹеͬ˵ԼҪӼĹ
ӣΪ˿ңʩԴϴ֪ԼĳĬͱûҶԽԽ֮ԾͷſˣҶһζֱ˳
๫úÿ𣿡ʵҶʼʩоһ׺ͨʲôԼǮҪϸĻţʩһ־ʮֽʶ׸ҶʩַܹȽϵġ
ȻʼҶȷʵϸ˼ԼʩĲ֮ͬû೤ʱҶ˼ƫˣԭʩʵ̫ÿˣôһҶ廹һ˼£ǼֱͲҶˡ
лӿޣʩǿϳƵؿҶ塣
Ҷ忴ԼǰͻȻŴĿֲܿƵÿ
ʩסҶĴĿԣҶԭز֪Ӧζʩ˫ֽҶ۾ڵסҶȫͶ뵽˵ĵһ֮С
ʱҶѾȫɥʧ˼ֻʣһƬҲ·̻ըľԾʩڲ
ӹȻҲܿɰ𡣡ʩ˵ָҶգ˽
ҶǺ죬ӵ䡣
ҶڴϣһţŽյǣȥ˯š
ʩһ죬ҶڻУʵʵ˯ȥ
лҪ˵׼V

 43 

Ҷһ׼ӿҵ, һŬС̯ߺԼҵ
Ӿôع˼죬Ҷ廹ʩ˶֮ˣ˵ĽͻȻ, Ϊ̫æµ, Ҷֻڵһ΢Ӧһ֮, ¹ƽ
Ҷ彫һж׼ãҾԼһʵ׼ʽҵǰ, ʩͻȻ˯ǰֹ
ʱ, ҶոԼĻ, ʳļ۸, ȷһʳζ, ҪԺ˯ȥʱͻȻʩߴս˵ǲ׼ϢһͬΣ
ʩҹԵõͳ, ҶʱԺʱʩĻֻԺͷ๫ռǵһ˵֮Ƴ˯˹ȥ
ڶһ磬Ϊû, ԳڼһҶ˯֮ûż𴲣ڴϣͻȻʩն˵ʲô
๫, ˵ʲô̫û塣Ҷ忴һڷѧϰʩﲻ֪ôһ, ȷʵԺģǽղµʲôҪ顣
ҵԼȥμͣӲʰһʩһԾڴŲ붯Ҷϸϸ͵
ҶʩĻʱ˾ǵʩҵʶŲյʱ䣬ôѾԼ͵ĽˣǴżһȥĽ顣
ҶûжʣȻıڼҺһѾӦˣҵ˻ͦȤġ
ҵʩ·ϵĵһĳСܣպʩǮƣʼĲƸ۶ǴҵʼġȻʩλʼɱķ֮ҲûԼСܣպμҲ⸮е׸͢׸ǻʵ׷Ļ̡
ҶѰһҵ˵дûɶ飬ϵͳòҪԼϻôһϵͳˡ
ҶȷԼʩĸ֮ڱԼϵͳ顣ϵͳеԭݻؼʩĹӡ󣬶ĹӡҶ忴ʵΪ֮䷢չ谭ڱϵͳ֮ԭҲ
һڴϣҶŬҵһСܺʩ֮Ĺ£Ҳûɶӡ̵ֻҷ£ʩѯһҵ
Ϊ⣬ҵڸ֮ڣθгҵԼ֮⣬ûˡ
ʩڵˣõܵҺõȣҶʩ˸θͣ£ҶͿһرСֱʩ
ʩֵӰɣںԺȴɩѾãɩǰȥҶ忴ҵһеЦѾľˣĬĬţһСܣЦݾ֪СѾȫ¡
ҶʩͶȥһ̾񣬵ǱʩȻҶѯʩҶ΢΢ͷ˵Ȼֵڵţȥ
޶ֵҵ໥һǰֿ
ȵҶŴ·ѾߵμҺԺС֮һ
С֮Լ֮ĵһӣȻ˿Щͬġ
Ҷֺ֣ӻãǸøģǰС㲻ͬ
Ҷ忴ʱлŸոճ¯ĸ㣬һҸȥϻѾϴɾĹϹҶķּæеĸվ
Ǹоʩ˵ӰɣȻǸÿˣСӻ֣ҶԱߵʯ£ҽԼԭŵĸҶķ˶кҶʵĸ㡣
Ҷ߽С֮һ
ţȻֵİӣǰЦ֣䶼ӣǸ˵ĸоȴȻͬ
Ҷ峹׷С߶Щһ߳һͷ㣬Ҳ˳ƽһԵĸϢ
Сֽα飬μһֻҵαӣСʧףǵΪ׸ȻǺҪʲôʲô
ҵãϾΪӣպҪ̳ŵļҵҵҪϸģǶαŮûʲôҪֻһζ뷨
αûʲô׷ֻһǾǺóԵģԲ֪б͡
ǧɽŴ˵ǷǶαһΣαСôһãǧɽҲŮÿٳЩԾҷˡ
αͬҶĵúͶҶ˵ԼĹ֮󣬵ͷһԼģֿһҶģԱȣαʱԼеĸҲˣһʳʵĸо
ؽԼеĸŻϣʼֳĬװ
Ҷ忴αһϵеĶе뷨µİ˾Ųʮ
ԭЦеα鲻ЦˣҶҲԼҲǺԶˡ
ΪαЦҶ彫Լʼ״ͬα򵥵˵Щ
α鵱վΧҶҿĪƭҵİɣǲƭң
α鿴ǰҶһ㶼ҶĻҶרűĹƭԼԼȴֲʹضҶʵǽôģ㲻ˣˣôģ
ҪݲѣҪҪ֣ܹóԵĸ㡣Ҷָϵĸα˵
ⶫʵһֱѣǶαִߣڶʱܹЧѵǼ֡
α鿴ϵĸ㣬϶ʱʾᣬҶҲûȰҪǿԼ㲻ǹס죬ȡαܲסԼ죬ҪʳΪأҶòԼжټʵķӹƶûá
ҶȻαԼ¼أǻҪαԼ̬ȡҶǵһαʶ˵жôܹ꣬Ķα飬ǿǰ˶йֵʱ
ҶҲףһΪʱһӻٶҪһЩ۹⣬۹Ȼ󲿷ʱڵģҲڲܵĵط
αķ̶ֳѾ˶ʱҶŻ˵¡
ҶĻ֮αһ̸ֱһԲҶΪαԾܾʱαһ֣ص̧ͷϻץ䣬ҾģҲΪݣҿԵģ
α¶֮ͻȻվ㲻ÿҼнαݿɷ񣿡α˵ֱֵӰᵽҼɣҼֻҺ͸ˣԺӻУǽҿרΪʰͥԺ
Ҷ忴α鼤ģǳŶα͵˸̣Ҫæµ㷽ŵԸǲʵˣլסĺúõģĿǰҲҡǷȻ˵լӣҲǮģķӲסᵽزθԼûл
ʲôģÿպæǽ׼ұݣαһҶȻҶشԼּ˵Ȼÿæµңҿȥ㰡㲻ҿÿרȥ㣬ֻҪôݾУ
αΪԼ¼ƻҶԭܾϾӿҵֻһˣʱ˵ûйͬα룬ʱҪ˶αҲǲɡ
ҿԸҵĵַҲҪӦȥһţҪԼȥСҶͬα
αҶĵַ֮ʮʹصͷӦҶ˵ǵطһԼȥӣþԼҲǺԶȥҲûʲô˵ġ
Ҷһֱθɽҵרͻء
ӽտֵͬΪͶԵʩҶֹס΢Цϸʵ
ȷʵͦͶԵġҶԼαյԼѾʼƻαյضʳˡ
ڶһҶʰ׵֮еѾдɵضʳȥԼС
׼ʽҵٲҪǰԴӽͽαԼ׼αļʴҵ
ȵҶ彫ǰǰ󶼴ɨһ֮αԼѾ۵ߵ֮УѾߵİϣֺˮ˲ǻ
طôôԶαɤӻЩɳƣ˵仰ֵ֮ͷȥȲˮ
˵õģԼ˵þ벻ԶѵһվҪ𣿡ҶԼе飬ǰα޿ʵ
α鿴Ҷӣ֪ôǸһֱͬԸĸ߼С㣬ĻѾȴ˵ֻܺ޺޵ҲģҽվԼŹģһ͵ơ
αݻ֮Լһûˣֻһʲôɡ
ʲôα鿴ԼǰͻȻһֽԵؿҶ塣
ÿյضʳףһܵһ֮һٽеҶ彫еʳαǰ˵ݡ
ԭΪα鿴ʳԺʾȴֻƽؿһۣȻ󽻸ѾߣҶ屣֤һÿհʱֵġ
ҶΪαƶ˼ѵΪճԼΪΰԱʱ֮裬ƻصʼ׼һʳš
̿ſҪҪæģʩԼͷɣֿһԶžڻҶʵ
ҶϾûʲô飬ֻǾµ꿪ҵȻԽԽãʩܿӦԽʩһͬš
ѾҶ忴һԲͷʩ˼ˣиΰļƻ
˳ߵʩߣʮͻݵʩеĽ๫࣬Ϊ๫ͷҶ˵ҲûʩӦ߾ֱܾӿʼԼ¹
ʩķϸʮҶԼҵʲôߣ֡
ʩҶϵı飬ȴܵҶһһ
ƬʩץסԼͷ˷˵Ҷ֣нһԣҹ¶أӲЩϢ
˵ҲҶӦץҶǰһתҶԼĻУվҶȥ
Ҷ˫ֻסʩĸ첲ΪԼ˸ƣЦ˵ƣл๫


 44 

Ҷ, ʼû뵽ʵ֣ҶҲûжᣬͽ򵥵ؽʳꡣҶרʩдȥҡ
µ꿪ҵȻϺõ, , , ˿ž鲻
ҶôЩӲûʲôѣ˼µ꿪ҵ, ȥԼҲ, θټѾҶЩھӡ
Ҷ˵, ֱ˵Ǳе⼸ʳˡ
µ꿪ҵҶϵĺ, ΪϹϵļ۸, Ҷ㲻׼ϹϱˣԵֻвҶ, ֺè
Ҷ彫Сֳ򵥵̨ҶһֱҪ²źóԣǻֺèͲˡ
ΪҪرעԻҲʳ
Ҷ忴Լ̨ϰڵԺжҪ, Ҷϸͷ仯ﵱʱӵɳ©׼ȵʱ͵ʽҵ
һͽдõ棬һ˵Ŀ⡣
ҵµһտҵһۿۡҶһͽӷ, ʱѾֵʱˣҶ彫ڵȼΧŹۿ˽
ЩвǰҲҶ嶫, רš
ϰ￴׬ǮˣȻˣ
ȻӣǲǾһ쿪ˣ
ⶫô˵㣿ϰһè䣬ⶫԽԽ񫣬ңҼҼҲϲȻϰ￪ˣպһҪ
˵ţҶһкһɵذװ
λ˵ÿɲԣСܹ׬ʲôǮΪӿǰѻȥˣպ󻹵ָλ֧֡
µ꿪ҵҾͳѪЩɣҲǸµָͷ
ҶӦ˼˵⣬վһΪ˳أʩʼǮ޶Ĭ
û뵽ô֣μõʱҶæµʱҲûжżӣߣϴ־ͿʼæΪҶ᲻Сѹ
Ⱥе˲ٶϳμöˣСֹμҺӵʲôϵμҺ¥ⶫôֱھ¥ֹֹҪġ
ʩˣҼүûǰøĹܼҶʱæµûʱרдֻԭ׼õķܼȥ
ȵҶеֻʱĸܹҶ忴Źֻ̨ʣ֭ĲҶֻĻ֣ʮ㡣
ǴæµлعŲԼļĸǰμҵ˽ʳ͹
ʱ̫ѾƫҶԼҲûж׼ʳģҶ嶢αÿյĻ˶ڷֵ
صеҶ岢ûżϢֽʿʼ˼յһ쿪ҵĲպĿҵƻ
ֻһˣ϶һӪҵģҶһ˵Ͼ޵ģһһֱӦӪҵҶһûĥģٵȼ
һ飬ҶٵԼҪΪԼú°๤ʱ䣬ܲΪиӾٵȤ
Ҷ彫Լ뷨һһ¼ֽϣ»ᷭһΪԼṩ˼·;顣
ˡҶӻ֮ԼԼľӪͿʩŷ
ŷﲻʩ˶ʱܽᣬҶҸĸҲд˷ŽԼŮ
СþȻҪɻˣҶ忴е֮ʮ־ȡ
ϸҲڼ֮ǰʩĸѾڶ෽˼ң˵Ǽ֮ʩĸС࣬ҲѾ£˼ҶҲ
СҲǺʵģȵ꿪޹ȥҲǺʵġʩеż£ŸĸİžûǺʵġ
СδǴʯĸ߼ңֵܶ˻洫ľһǲģСü޵Ǹ߼϶˵ҲԸº֮ˣЩһͬԼӶ֡С˵ӺãǵܸɵģܹòһСõģεѡ϶ѡġż˵òֻСһ飬ҶСõԷӦʩϸϸһ
ҶҲ֪Сüǳ飬Ϊ²ȻϢһʱþȡ
Ȼİ嶨µģ϶Ǹõģ˲ЩȥΪСЩױճвף๫ϻҪѧҵǻز˼ҡ
˵öԣȹȥϿʵĶҸʵ̶ӽͻؼ
ҶлʣҶҸĸΪţ뻹ûͬʩһûҶĸһѯеˣҶ黹ȲʩΪá
Ѿߵʮһ£ΪæʩȥʱҲԽԽ٣ҶڿԼСӣҲǮʼĶʽʱÿֻй涨ʱܹ򵽡
ΪѾҵµʱ䣬Ҷʳ곹״ʱҶʱЩǰҪˡ
˵ȥ͸ôҶͬʩţŽԼҪиǰΪͲҪ䵱Աˡ
˵αÿæʩҲÿȥܹǲһġи˰Լࡣ
Ҷ˵֮µǳҸ﹤ʱԼǲӦṩס޳ʳʲôģʳû⣬סеѡ
صǣճҴȥкʵˣҪܹҪȼ졣ʩҶ˵Ǹƶߣǵвʮ꣬ҪѡҪЩһСľΪԼ˸ǣòʧ
Ҷʩ׼æԼͲ׼ȥαӶԱˣȻʩڰæаյġ
Ȼͬʩ˵պʩΪһʮк
˵ʮ꣬ȴûг۽·һϸİ̺ۣϵ·˵ģʩؼ֮һֱվһԲ
Ҷ´һۣʵʲô֣
û֡кЩɳƣ֪ǴڱڻɤӲ
Ҷݸһ裬ɤӡû뵽кûеһʱȥҶеĲ豭̧ͷһʩʩûбŽӹҶеĲ豭Сںš
ӳĺӣôû֣ҶкˮĹʩֹ
Ҽ⺢ʱں˴ܣСʱͲ֪ˣҲһֱûôܹһֱʮҲû˸֡ʩܹ֪飬ΪĴֳܱ߾һСڽ˵ĩ
û֣𣿲Ϊ֣Ȼͬһ˵õİɣҶϸʵ
ʩһ׵ȻкϺѾ̸ˡ
Ҷ廹δüѯкԸͿк豭һԵϣʩ
⻹Ҷһοǰ¹򣬻òڣǰҪкû뵽ԷȻȴܴҶֻܷ
磬ͽаɡҶɿк֣ոֱʩе֣˲۾
ʩһСܣСܺҵʽСܲһλСܣպʩƾٳɹŵ٣ȥаˣ˵ʩĵ֣ҶðʩߵۺϹܼңʲôܹɡ
⼸ձѧϰպȥæÿµĹǮҪӵġҶ廹λ־ʩİţʱԼҲ߼ȻƹܰǮʵҲͦˬġ
ԸҶʶǴΪСṩǮ˵ʩҶ˿ͷлȥ


 45 

ǳװ, ʼʱÿջʩʶһЩ򵥵ִѧϰ
ҶҲ֪ϸ֮ǰļѵǱ룬ֻʩ̺֮ѹ
ԭҶ֪ʩպĵֺ, 񳹵׽ʩ, ԼȥҸ, Ǳʩ֪ܾˣδɵСϢ֮ҲֱȥҶ, ԼŬ, ҶһҪ
֮ǰʮȻδʶ, ȴʮ
һ, û, ҲûУʩԸһʶֵĻ, ǿҶϵģҶ岻Ҫˣ˵ʩջʶֻᣬǰԲ, ֮İת硣
ʼʱһһʩʶ֣⼸ѯҶĳʱܻڹ̶ʱȵſڣҶ忪ʼѧϰ, Ҷ
ͲǶѵĻƣֻҪͷһ㣬˵һ, ʮڡ
󲿷ʱ򶼸Ҷ󣬵ȵ°֮ڽֺ⼯ʩѯʡ
ô֮Ըܵʩĺ飬ӿ϶ǰԼ
Ӳ֪бʮһѮҶѾ޼аרŸԼΧ׾ΪԼÿճ֮ʱһЩķԽԽ䣬ϼֱǶ۵Ӹ⡣
ͻؼҵ͸СױĶѾðˣ๫ϵʵ̶ӣҶ忴᷿жòȫˣѯʩǱߵĽ̡
ʩҲȻϵˣ̶պڹ϶ܹ͵ӷľͺá
Ҷʮսӹţ׼ȵʮڿţǸԼݼ١
Դӷż֮㲻ȥֻÿոҶʶ֣ʶٶѾҶˣҶ˶һԵԣӹţеķһʱ֮ҲûҵʲôĶټиշܶҶ岻˼֡
ѾǸһˣǳճȥ䡣ҶڴϷĤʩ
¶ʮˣһҪճǼүҲǸǹǰһСôʱ䣬Ҷδʩúù֣һʱ֮Щ⶯
ʩҶҪһ֮֮зʱȻҲ⡣
Ȼճȥ䣬ϲЩϢպþһЩʩ뵽ҶĶ̲סЩ̾Ϣ
ԭΪҶڰǸСӵӰ¶Զʶ˸Ķû뵽һͬѧϰֻֻһ͸ı˷
ԴҶһ֮˿ùˣǺǰͬǣǿС˵µ˷ʳĵز
ǰԹС˵ĵˣ⼸տĹȻһƾٵĻҪùࡣ
ҶеĻѾβʩĻҲûз˳ӵؽеһԣҵʩһͬϴϢڴϱ۾ʩ˵յĴ㡣
ղȥһôϳȥЩǣǼү֮ȥϿ϶вˡҪţʱҶ廹Ȥ߰һͬʩյľгһԼյĴŴ硣
ʮСҹ˵˺ССɺܶ࣬Ҷʩһ⽵С̯ǰ˶ӣʼ˹ֵó̡
Ҷ֮һֻĹ֮ãÿӱʩЧŵóԵıȲһݣν
պܿġʩҶϵЦݿ϶˵ϳźҶϵЦݾûͣ
˵ҶƽЦʩյЦǰЦʮֲͬ
ɫѾˣ·С̯Сǿʼ׼ؼңʩҶҲ˻ؼҵ·˰·ϡ
ʩһ۴ӶԼϵҶ˵ϲǲ;䡣
Ҷ̧ͷʩҡͷþģֻҪڼյʱͺáҶʵһֵܰˣԼֶҪеġ
ʩͷԶĵƻϸϸһҶģ֮ǰѾ˲·ҶԭķЩɢң鷢ԵҶӽС˹ʩĸ첲ϣӱӰѾӤƣҡ
ѾߵһžĳϣԭϵĵʲôûС
Ҷ忴ĻͷͻȻ˱뷨
ʩĸ첲ԽԽֱֵĹսǴʹץסʩ䲻һ
ʩܵ첲ȻӵҶͶȥɻ۹⡣
๫ ߲ˣ㱳һؼҺòãҶһ˵һߴʩɫ
뷨ȫ뵽ģ˵֮žҪʱǲ׵ģʩΪˣ϶һҪѭĹԸƻգ˵Ҫʩ˵̡
뵽ҶЩ̫ˣ뿴ʩ̬ȣʩ뷨ҪûоܾʩʱҲԽԽڲ̽
뷨˵տʼֻһ˵˵֮ȴΣʩ᲻ĽؼС
ʩŰԼֱϵҶһʱ˵ҶͰ͵ıüͷʵ·ҲûУ
ҶϷӿͰͣûˣڵĽźۣ߲ˡ
Ҷһ˵һػʩĸ첲ϣַʽʩüͷɢһ
ʩüͷԾһֱĬҶͻȻЩ飬ҿǲܣҪ๫عңǼҲԶˣԼߵġ
ʩԼҪͰ͵ӣԼüͷҲԽԽĬĬضʾҶԼıϣȻŲԶӵٶȻҪЩʱ򣬻Ϊ߱ȽϿ졣
Ҷ忴ԼȻĳɹˣϼϲлл๫Ҿ֪๫ˣ
Ҷ延ʩԭҪĻ˻ȥҶСĴϵȥ
صеһҶ㰲ˮݽţʩҶص֮æµӰ½Ҷ屧˴ϣԼҶ巽ŵĹһˮ׼ϴ˯
ҶһݽţһŽ飬˶оƮƲ䡣
ҶʵһֱᶨһӴܹһ̶̶ܹ֮ܳȣµĸȹ̡
ʩȻѾޣҶԼǲǸտʼһЩ޵ʱҪܽӴһҪġ
ҶȻû̸ǶԼȴĪΣԼͬʩĸһһ
ûȹ֮ȥǵطʹӻѾߣʩȫ֪Ҷ뷨ֻھϵԼͻȻЩ
ϸ˵ߵ·Ǿô̵·Ҷ徹ȻҲ߲֪ƽʱҶÿȥæµֻۣƽû˵ˣôʩбӿһΣҶΪԼӣÿˣԼȻŷࡣ
ôʩ˵ᣬҶҲϧ
Ҷ岻֪ʩΪͻȻ£濼һҡͷܾԺ˵ɣܹӦȻҪһѾߣԼסŷӵĸָסѾʲôĻǵȵӴԺ˵ǿҸʵĸΪԼټѹ


 46 

¶ʮ֮ϢѾԽԽ, ҶҲԽԽϲõʱŹ䣬˵ϵŵڹŵ״̬ǼҼһð׼ҪĶ, ÿսͷβкûͣ, Сڽͷβȥ, ʮ֡
ʮҶʩȥһ˸У˽ӴҶ, Ϊԭ, ˴βûйི, Ůͬʳ, ҶС㡣
С֮ǰʱ, ע⵽Ҷ̲֮סҶķ˸, ȴһ۷ɨͷڹꡣ
ҶںԺĻģ˱˽С
ŮСҳ軵ʩ⡣ʩ˷, ŮЩӣȴǺõġ˵ֿʼ̾ҾôһŮСԿ, һЩͦõģֵ˼ҵʱ, ʵͷ۲١
ҶԼӪҵЦݣһƬĸ֮ģСΪĸΪ¿ˣҲûʲôõģС仹С֮ԽԽõġҶʵһ㶼ϲ˵˵һһˣҶֻô׵˵ţȴ֪֪С֮ǰһЩ׼ΪСҸ㵱˵Ϊ˰ĶѣǶҶ˵ԺС㲻ڳǷ޶ǰ
Ҷͬ˵˼仰ʵͬСĽӴôΣ˾òǱӴ٣ʩѾСҲûеȥˣҶѾܾòע⵽СΪˡ
Ҷ忴̻ʩļϾһƬʱõһ꣬δԼϱӵԼֻҪԼȥͻһֱá
ͷβԾɲСӼϸЦżŸֽкҶ岻ǰԼʱ
ǻɳֻż̧ͷһ۴ȤСƷģȻ
ҶʩһԺһȦȻͻص׼ǰꡣ
ӽƲѡ ʩȵĲˮҶֱߣȡůʵ
ԺҶͿʼͳһֱڻδתá
£ֻǽչЩңѾδˣҲ֪ ʣµĻҶ弰ʱѹû˵ڡô˵һᱻʩҶҶĸô֮Ļ˵ȥͲˡ
񸮳ǾԶҪһ治ףдŻȥο˼֮顣һӹҵʱʩѡ겻ؼңǲԼңֻûҶô԰ˡ
һֱ΢ϴȥϢڸвûʲôݣҪݷõҲֻ˴һʵʵڼҴһ졣
Ҷ۾ڴϣһĺϵͳȻûκλظĵҶֽԭС˵ȴС˵һ󲿷ֶǲɼġ
벻׵׷ʲôҶֻҷ飬ڴϱĿ
ֻ˳ӦԸ¡ҶԺҪ˯ŵʱϵͳһγ֡
˵㲻ڽʩϵͳŻ˳ӦԸϵսЩǱʶҵġ ϵͳԼƽֱЩʱմҶõϢ
ȱ˵Ϊʲôʱ㣬ǲ֣ǻȡҴеϢ  Ҷֽҵ˵㡣
ϵͳϲֻһ󶨣û̫ʻ֮ǣϵͳһ㲻֣ںǸΪϵͳ֮ʱֱӺʶ󶨣ڼı仯ж־ϻҪصԼԭ磬ϵͳᾡ㡣
ϵͳشҶ⣬Ҷ岻˵˻ȥ
ԭѾˣˮӿϴɡʩ߽ڱ㿴Ҷͷɢڴϲ֪Щʲô
һҶʮУͬʩһ鷿֮Уʩ飬Լ˱μţȴű顣
ϵͳǻ˼ǵȵЩʱԭҶ彫ܲ鿴ڵʱܼǵöپͿԼļˣҶþĴɽԼԺϵϵͳԺˡ
ƣشϢȵȥеϷſʩҶģҶ
ϷǸǵϰˣ֮ǰͬҵһͬȥһΣͦ˶ȤģҶңˣӦܿ١
Ҷû뵽ʩȻԼһ죬±˾񣬲ʩ˵һЩˣĶ
һֱҶ廹ˣȤ¿ʼ䵹׼ճŵ·
ʩ鷿㿴Щ谵ҶվڹǰЩʲôϻһЩδʰõ
ЩʲôʩһһҶķߣվҶ滹δҶĻشȴᵽҶϴζһʱ֮ʩЩԳ
๫Ҷתδü˵䵽ʩĻС
ƣ˵Ӱ໥֯һ𣬷·ӤһҲ롣
Ҷ΢΢ڽ׾ǵʩϣʩ˳ƽ߲֮һС
֮ҶѾǲˣֻǸҵҹȼһҹҲûȥᡣ
ҶٴʱɫѾԼʩĻС
ʩҶۣһڴ߰ϵĲˮݹȿڲɤӡ
ҶԭδʲôԼһȴоȫʹʮܣ̲סʩһۡ
ʩҶȴЩ⶯ȵҶĽ豭̲֮סֱҶ塣
㻹𣿡ʩսҶĶߵʵȴҶһƿ
˸Լʩ֮ľ룬ҾҲǺܺãϢ
ҪҪԵ㶫ʩҶ۾׼˯ģϸʵ
ãϢˣû²ȥ鷿顣
ʩ˵ЩʲôǿҶ۾˵ģջǴ·һ鷿ȥ
ӣǿˣˣȵ˵ʩ֮˵õͬҶ
֪ˣȥɡҶڴҪԼƣôʩĽŲּʱס๫չˮðɡ
ʩ⻰Ҷ巽ű˫۵ƣӣæ췿ȥҽһҹĳʳ͸Ҷ壬ȵӡ
ҶһڴϣԼ߻ڵĸ㣬ǲִһȡ
Ҷ彫ˣʱ䶨˳ߣȻⲢ˵ĵж滹˸͹ĵݣμöˡ
ˣӵſ֮αֱҶһµѵαܹ࣬ԭŮҲα˶Եþ١
˵ҵʩһСԵܵĻʩ˴ ÿ仰ඥαҶһСãҶ˵ÿһ仰ǶԵģҶԶ
˼֮ķΧ쳣гҶ屾Ϊֻһ˫˱εԼᣬȴû뵽оϲ


 47 

ˣַ̨Ƿ, Ƕ¥İȴһƬ
׼ͬҺ⣿Ҷ忴ǰһҵϸһ顣
ɩûμҳʮ, ͿɩӵǺˡҵеĲ豭δ, ֿԼʩҶϸ͵
˵ʩֺɩӱ, ҵͬʩ˸һʣ֮ҸΪϴ, ʩּ, Һʩཻһ̹, δ˴, ʱҲ˽⵽ɩӵ, ɩӴʼ浽ڵĻһֱڴ£Ҳɩӵ, ϣɩܹǿǣμҲһҵȻƽʱһʩСԵܵģȴʮ࣬
ɩӵ֮רμҵ̶ӳȥ, ɩӵĵһݳʳ˵صңǷݵ׬ĸʣɩԼɩɩʩҲӸ·, ɩҶľ¥ҲʮֺҪһҵԾ˵ԼϵϢ˳Ҷɫ
Ҷû뵽ҵὫϢϸ, иǷҶ廹˿֪ϴεҲҪ˵СõĻ£û뵽ȻѾʼ·ӡ
ҽɩӴôΪǵĺܹһ㣬ɩӶʲôԾҽһһΪɩӽ𡣡ҵԼĻ˵ֶҶǸԼҪĳ⣬ֻҶδġ
ҶҵԼ鲢ûжķУϾѾޱ˵˳ҾҶ壬ҪͶԷҲҪǰһŸԼϾ׬Ǯ飬˭ԼĵƸһ㡣
Ҷû˵ҵȲ¿ʼҶ˵ԼĴ㣬ǳͬɩӺɩܹӦҶȻɩӳԿܿɩгʳǼõģľͷպ󿪷ֵǱȻ飬ɩܹͬμҺպѡַͳһμṩеԱҲμṩЩ˵ĹǮҲμҳɩֻҪǰһµĳʳСȻǲ׼ƷҲǿԵġ
Ҷͷ˼ҵ˵ĻԼܹͬԼܹɲ٣ֻҪԼȤʱĥһЩʳһۺϵԱרְоԱÿղòô¡
ͬμҺĵӦηģͬμҺȷвٺôռ䱻ѹեû˼ˡ
֣ɩμġҵ仰˵ʮֿ϶Ҷֲš
үܴμҾ
ɩӾɷģȻܹͬ飬һֻҪɩӵͷܳɹҵԼĻһ򶼳ţμҾ¥ⶼڹܣȫİοڽ֮ǰѾϸϸͬӶһΪҶϵǰܹҶһ£϶ܹμҸһ¥
ҶʵѾЩ⶯ҵ˵һ㣬СܹμҺõǿٵŻжԼͶһֽš
ҵԼȥоµĳʳյķֳԼռɣܹμҵӿȫأ϶ԼôһСǿ١
ʩҪȥǿƾ٣ҶԼȻҲȥģǵʱˣҶ϶᲻õģŸеӻҪ˿˵һϵ鷳顣
ҾǴٹڶ࣬ؼ۰ҶҲûһܹԼھվȽŸͬμҺôԼ⵽ʱȫˣԼϵѹҲСܶࡣ
˷ֿ֮Ҷ廹ŽҵԼ˵Ļ˼ȥǺһЩ
๫ýΣҶ忴һһֱĬʩѯ
ִ˾̺ͷԣΪҲŵùġ
๫˵ұˡҶԭĶʩ仰ǸһŶ裬һ¶ġ
ˣձԽүϸ̸̸顣
ҵĶһܿ죬ȵʮҶ׼½̿ŵʱˣһһŮһԷޣеɣŮзֵĽзΪ
˷ֹŮĸҶѧգеվǰ
Ҽ˵ϰԸдһݷȥȻǸõģϰﲻͬҲеģҴӽˣһֱҺΪֹȻҡ֮ЩҪѧյˡǸվҶǰü˳۵شҵ֮ǰĻ
Ҷ˶ǲʶֵģ֮ǰͬǩǸҰķ©ȥһӵܲġǸһһʮ˵ţԱߵʱʱ䣬ѯҶ
Ҷʮͬؽдһݣˣڻμһˣ͹ȥ
񵽵ʱ򣬿˸һˣûжʣǵһһʱûԭƽ
ԭϵˣֽİҶܿ˽յķ׼ȥһ
ȴְЩĲɣһֱĬĬ۲վԱߵɣ޷ӦæԼĻɰ
Ҷ뻹ûȥɰԼĥ
ϾܹΪպʩĵ֣϶֮ͻСҲΪͻȻָ˾Ļҵġ
صҶ廹̲סʼĥڰȥ
Ӳ󣬵ȵֻ֣Ƿ޶ҲǿԵأ԰ڵʾԼá
ΪҶ֪Ժĵ·Ŷ԰ڵȥеΪѣܲ˲û
׼ŵڶҵ꣬ðȥһʩе鱾Ҷ׾ٸ˴𰸡
СǸֻҪͬ˵ˣ׵ġһʩӲģӳôຢжа񣬲ΪҲΪĴ벻߿ƾٵĵ·Ը⡱
ȻͲ󣬵ֻҪܸᣬһʧ
ձʰ뷨Сġ
СӼʶ֣үɡҶĻܿ˴𰸡
ҶĹصģΪ˲ͬ
СӴСг˵أйĶˣǸǶһδйСˣһδ·ҶԣĻү¶ѾǼõȥˡҲ֪Ҷ岻ϲ¹򣬱һʾԼҶл⡣
źðȥҶѾյ߰˰ˣѰҶ岢ȥҶÿϢһʱ䣬ͬʩһ·޸ĥĥµĳʳ
Ҷ忪ʼٴ׼ԼķżǰαȴһѰ
лҪ˵ԺӦö޴ֻ֣ϸ£粻õ

 48 

α˺ںݵ, ͷϴһɫ黨ԵɫʮֲãԱ߻һαΪԱ, Եһˡ
αѾ˲, ˶ԱԲࡣ
, ѣҶ忴αߵŮʵ
Ůûʲô񣬾Ȼһֱͷ, ϴ, һֱα, Ҷ嶼ΪαѾˡ
, ǰЩھۻ½ѡαҶ͵
, 㲻Ҫ£Ǹܺõ, ǰôû˵ʲô취ˣҽ˵ˣ˱ݻܱ, ܺ˵ģ㲻Ҫ¡αԽԽѾ߰æص˱ˮݸ, ѾҲû̫󲨶徻ϰαĶ
㣬, ǰЩڳǶСľۻѣ̫˵⡣αһ뵽ʲô˵ʲôͣҶһαԼѡ
ôѰˣҶ巢αһҹʱҲûз֮α鲢ÿȥѰҶˣʳÿյ˶ʱ仯ֻÿܵʱر仯ҶΪһʳ׾Ϳɡ
վʳ׵ı仯죬α黹ѹѰȻ
㣬֮ǰ˵ǾԼĥƤ⻬׵ģ˵֮ʮĶԲûʲôҲһЩαԼ½СͬҶ˵Լ⡣
а취𣿡αļ򵥽ܣĴα¶ſ
ĵʵ̫Сˣֻ˵ôһ仰˫ֻһֱһ𣬶˵̧֮֮ͷôһۣϻصα󣬰Ͳ˶
겻Ը˽Ҷֻʲôαѯʡ
˿СͬαĹϵҶʳαԼܻش
ǵʷŮɿʷӾĸڸвӣҴٸԺǶǿ²ˣСӹƧڸвûеõٹע
˴ǰǻΪĸ׿ʵҪԼĸٵȥʾٷˣ￴ܲšԼӡ
СƤڣҲӣеСǰЦĸʱҲ̲ס̾Ӧθһʵķҡ
ΪԭԽԽƧǲòϯǰĳϣҲͲԼڽûע⵽һһֱ
ҲΪھۻαע⵽ʱҶͬ뷨ζǸеģҪΪǸոձѾˡ
αһǸֱӣģǰԼʵǸֵӣԲŻȥЩϣϧǰΪԼԭԸͬԼõĽòûм
֮󣬱ǰϲȥСõľۻˣαÿοЩΧʶһ޷˵ˬУȻϲȥᣬȴȫͬˣǰŬս˵Ļ⣬ǻġ
ϧûʲô˼ģ˰ûȤЩˣϿ֮ٵúԵ
ȻСӹƧǶ鲢ƾܣԲյʱ䣬˵ĹϵѾܺˡ
Ҷ֪ûƴǾʹӦֻҲͬ˵ˡ
ԼֻһգЧô˭֪
룬ǴӦʵԼĸҲΪԼѰҹ׵ķϧܹЧòҶһԼǰţҶķܲǰ״̬
Ҷʽͻÿճȥ￴һȦ֮ǳʱֻױСɡ
ʱлױķ۱ģǷʲã̫׼Ӱףů͵ʱҪױ˳д͵ĻһµŮɾۻʱŨױĨ
Ҷ֮һֱúģΪƾʱһ߽ʩԽԽ̿࣬ȥ̺ȥѼԼҪ鼮ʩͲԼһ춼ڼﺮŴ£һֻʥ顣
Чֵúܿ죬ȻҶʱǲ࣬ԾǰȵţҶһ䣬һ䣬ʼʱѾǼõı仯
ڰʱ򣬴ĽŲԽԽҶרȥ·רɵװÿ촩һ·ǲŹ֣ҶҲġ
㣬⼸ãǳʱȥǽ̤ôǸǲСǰ죬α³Ҷ壬ϣҶܹһȥ̤ࡣ
ҶջǾԼӣ׼ʱʩҵˣʱΡ
뵽̤࣬Ҷĥ飬ȥ׬һȦûзݵģҵľӣͨ˵ֻķʽڳԼǷݵĿܡ
Ҷͬľ˵պȡſ쵽ӹŵʱ򣬱׼ȥɷ򸾽յĳɹ˳㿴⼸յ⡣
Բӣ˵èûˣҪǽյʳѾûˡǵĶһ͵ģΪѽվڹ̨ǰϸϸضǰϺȲĽ¹ӽ͵
˵һЩеûģ֮ҽһҪԵǼҵè䣬򲻵˾Ͳˣ㿴Űɡ¹ӸɵĽͣԼСڵɽè
Ҷɨһ۶ԷĴŴ磬ûᣬֱȥ˺棬Ѱ
̨ʮָɾ׼ļѾһɶˣ֤û˵ѣΪŲѡ
λӣҼһûˣڣҲֻ㣬˵ǺαأȻҪǷԸŵȵҲûһҹҲᶳҶӺ˳ֶǽǿһ顣
ģôҼҹ˵֪ҼҹʲôôĵӣҼҹҪĶû򲻵ģȰӲҪƲԳԷƣ콫Ƕӻδ˵վһԵЦѾͲסԼƢҶʲôȥ
ﾹȻֻֻҽеĹպǲҪдֹءҶûСֿһֱŵĽӣ˵⹷˵ǲҪΣ
ЦҶ˲úÿ˵Ҳݣˣߣ
С˻˵ЩʲôҲֻܸ׷ȥ֮ǰΪ׺ݵصɷһۣһԹ


 49 

ǹǵƹģڶһ, ɲոմǣյĽ¹ӱԼС׼ʱ
˵öԣǼƹ, ҼĶƹԼġ͹ǰǷ񻹺һ, Ҫһè䣿ɶƢĴͶӡ, ½Լ⣬Բ׼˵, ʡԼǻ
ʱԽʲôԽôչ
ǽӲûɵĻ, ԼС˻ӻ, СĶ, Ѹٹɸմ򿪲õĵš
ʱбĿ, ໥ˣǾϢ, 뿪˵ء
ɿʧĿγ̾һòʼӦԼǰĽ¹ӡ
λӣö˶˵ЩʲôҼҿ⣬СΪͬһû, ûԹʵǲλǺ⣿뵽ͽ飬ϴԹ
ѾһʱգδôѲĿ, ˴һͲܹǵģֻܺԺ﹩, ˻ԣҲǱƼˣŻôʡ
ƹľôк˵ģԾɲŲ豭ŵѾ߹Ŀˣ©Ц⡣
˵Ļɫһ֪࣬ôӻֺֻܵαΪЩ˵ģ
ҲΪ㣬յежҶˣ⣬ǼĿͻµĿҪҵָӡ˲׼Ϊɡ
ͷӦԷ俴競ëӵ϶УҶԷ俴ǿƣǲûʲô캦
࣬˸׼û뵽Էֻôһ仰
ƹİ𣿶ʲôʱӽ豭Żϣɵش
һС˱㰴Ͳס˳ҼҹʻΪβأ
ƹ⼸ղʲôʱҲǿƹ顣㶵˵
壬ôͻȻˣŽյĵų溰һ
̧ͷǿԼǰޱӣûиκηӦ
Щ죬ӻ֣˽´򿪡
үô⣿ŵŵĽӿ첽˹
СӣôҵҲμҵģ
˵ôȥˣԭҵһƹģӻȥкź߽Ŀˡ
ƹĶʲôʱôǸδƹģ֮ǰֱͬӡ
ɨһ״˴ˡ
Ҷһж֪ࡣ
²Լոճ¯ķݣ׼ȥ̤·ϡ
Ҷʩͬɫϵ·վһ𼴱һԲҲ㹻䣬Ŀ
ʩҶ岢ûкμһǵһͬҶһȥǽ
ӽΪһֱңʩе£Ҷ年֣Ҷ˳ҶĻУ̧ͷʩһ¡
๫ʮĿΪȻ๫ѽҶ˵ԼҲʵʩȥСɾεģʵҲ֪˭ҵСӻõôһ使
ʩЩܲҶôʺҶνԼУֽҶ尴ԼУӲΪ̤רľʱϲúϢʡĵʱûŷݡ
Ҷ䱻֣컹ǿԼԼܡ
λСɾǺߣôһ䲻ԣͬСɾϲ֪λСɾΣ
Сɾ㿴㾹Ȼߵ䶼ˣСɾʲô˵𣿡Ҷ忴ʩһƬ糺죬·Ƿ´½һʩСС
ʩԼһľԽҶԼĻвöԼĴɹסҶĴ
ӵζһźÿһ֪ӶΪʲôĵطв˵ΪһŬ⡣ʩҶ˫ۣջ˵
ҶһˣʩƸѾˣʩĻһԲҪԼֶסʩ죬ֻͽ͵סԼĶ䡣
๫黹δ꣬ȥɣҲˡ
ҶʩǽʱμöѾ׼ѾСˣͤпԱߵϡ
Ҷ岻˶ȴӣȵȥ֮ӣһԼţһ͸α飬Ļ˶
㣬רȥľӶƵģαܿעҶһֱŵķݡ
ݻΪֽ𰣬ҶеķͬĶͬΪҶתôһϻ״
ȻҶʽóԼķݷŵ֮Ȼܵ۹Ŀ
Ҷα뿪ͤȥŷݣҵʩ̸ͤ
ʩ֣׼УҼǵòҪǰȥǿ˰ɣʩֿʲôʱҵԵʩѯĴ㡣
Ŀǰʦ˵ͬ۷Ĺǲң׼ڸжһʱ䣬ּȻҪȥ⣬ԲǷ޶ˡʩԲƶҵһȥǣպǵ˾ǣպֵĵط࣬պЯ
̤֮Ҷ㽫Լ˼ĥµĳʳЩͷǱϾҪ׬ǮĶȻҪС
Ҷʩһλָԭ״ʩÿȥһΣ⡣Ҷһ׼µĳʳһŴµ硣
ܵүÿζȥҲ˵ʲô飬ÿմϣ岻֪Ӧô죬վſڣվﻹӵҶ˵
Ҷոȷµĳʳ黨
Ϊ֪黨ϲڻ̿ڣҶ˳һ¿ζ
Ҷ彫еĶð񳢳ζðϸϸͬ˵һ
˵ǸүڵһΣͳÿһһֱڵţѾüˣò⣬Ӧô
Ҷ˼Լгʳûо˼硣
μǱô˵ã
ү˵ɣү׼⿪ȥæأ
ǸүڵӰ쵽⣿Ҷʵ
⵹ûʲôӰ죬ÿնʣ¶ġӵ˱ص
ȻûӰ죬ǾڵŰɣȥҸɷ򸾣ֻܺòˮĹţĲȥᣬӰ쵽ˣҡҶյĽ¹ӻӡ󣬵бҪæûʱȥ˽˵ݱȲҪúá


 50 

үճʳ, ˵տʼΪҶè䣬Ѿ³һʳ黨ס˫ۡ
黨ʼΪԳԺƷֵģүÿﶼҪè, 黨ʱЩΪ, ڸүĹ, ˵Ķûкõģ˶黨мһˡ
è, õ黨ȫԼСˡ
ҶķԸ˵ǲү, ǰ, ⲻ˶дһЩ, 黨ʱһ, ڶ
үС˵黨ŵ黨ζˮЩƲסطڡСʳ, ʳүСˣԵʳĻҲࡣ
С˴һ۸үɫԼԶһЩ, װ黨ֽССƷ
ⶫôóԣүԼСһҸģΪδˣ񿴵ԼС˶һҪǮ׸Ķ¶ģ, ʵö
С˿ԼүҪЦЦģ;ĻţԼʣµ̿黨ȥү, Ҫ㳢ܺóԵġ
֮үÿ׼ʱ׼ıҪʼ黨Ĳ٣رƲö޲ý黨ȫԲ
³ҵͬʩУѾһ׼ҪȥǴһǰϵֻԼ֮չȭš
Ҷ޶ͷҵͰԶȥ֮Ҷ̧ͷһʩ
ûǴʩҪǵģֻʩһֱûҪȥǵĴ㡣
๫׼նҶ忴ͷһƬæľʵʩҪĿԣֱȴûҪĴ㡣
Ӿ֮Σ
ҶںʱûͶ˳ڡ
µʱ䣬ǶҶʵҲһζ
Դ˵ںʩӿ̿࣬ÿոǰȥѧϰ˽⵱
ҶʼԼ׼һԼҪĶ
ҵ̸ʱѾ˵ðһҶѾٶӣҶлбļƽϣ׼ھӣЩܶġ
˵ãҶԾԺӵʯʣʩߣ໥˵ԼЩӷ飬һƬá
˵үÿձȴһζûмҶ壬вμµģμոմϾеĹˣʱμҽ
һȥεĸүֻʰ׼ؾ
ʵүǴ£ԼҲû뵽ڸǴôãǼŲϣүԼټּ졣
ʱôɣڸүǴ׼ԼڸһʱһοҶ塣
ҶʱոյǴڼװϿˮϵľɫǰ·֣˵ҹЩǰķ羰ȴǼõġ
ּˣүԼеӣҡڵվҶǰ
֪Сӿɻǵң¿ǶӡأүӶҶ˵
ԭûҶʱʲô֮󣬷ԼʱŵɵүӦڵһʱȥŮ˵ÿڸαԼҲûȵνԵ֡
ӺáҶ䵭شкֿʼĴѰʩӰ
˾ۼ˴Ӵϵķ֮ͷжҶ彫ϵĴ¹Ѿ壬˸۵ˣԼķϢȽϺá
Сȥʲô¸СӾҪߣ̫˰ɣѵСӲ˱ˮҪÿ𣿡үڴϣҶȫλչʾӢ
Ҷû˵šüͷŲ˶׼ת뿪
СӣߣôΣ˵Ե֣ѵ㲻֪ΪԵֵңǸʲô𣿡үֱסҶȥ·
ûȤÿҵ·ҶԻȥϢͦȤģԼⴵŷ翴羰ҲͦʵġҶ忴ԼվԼǰˣ¶һ˿͡
ҶϴʼһֱãԲŻʩԼߵ뷨û뵽δ徻೤ʱ鷳
Ҷû˼ӦԸүֻ˸뿪ԼոյĵطԼȥ
㲻ʶңҵͬܽԼСˣǸ㲻ʶң֪ǸҰɣ
Ҷûлͷķҵ߻ط䡣
ҴӸǰȥҪʮʱ䣬ҶʼֻƢǣҲԴͷ뷢Ƣ⼸ƢѾתȴû˳Էθڡ
Ϊڴϣûд򣬶ҳʳ֮⣬Ҷ岢Լʲôص⣬ֻԼδԲŻ㡣
๫֪ǸңΪ岻Ҷ弫ٳȥÿڷ֣ͻȻǰ˵øҡ
ǵңǵ³裬ҵĵλҲˮǴߣʦ˵λˣմã׼νҡʩԼ֮ǰڸ˽Ҷһ
Щǰרġ
˶ʩεĿƾٳɼʮֵİա˿ֻҪʩδǲ⣬ھǰ϶飬Ϊ˷ģԼЩӾеõϢһԶ˵ʩⶣʩھǼǲǵģνǶȫ
Ҷʩļ򵥽֮ȴͻȻҺԭеķɣԭеȵʩʽٳ֮󣬱ͬүˣкר˵ŵ谮ھΪǿռũȺũŮıɱ̫ӣոұ壬ѱƱڹС
Ҷ뵽ոҵĽ֣ĬĬԼӦʲôүӦԶһ㣬λүûʲôī֣ӦþǸûӵ竣ǿũŮλүɵú顣
ˮоʮƮƮҶڸܵ˼ʵĵ档
еͷԶȸҪ֣ͷŴˮϵĴ𽥿һֱŵڷ
ͷ׼Ҷʩӭȥ֮ԼԼݳȥС
ҶھǵķǰҵһǰŰõģǸԺӣҶոմӴЩãֻ򵥿һ۱Ϣлƻյ顣
ԺӣԼʱѾҲǵõģٳ֮ǰڸеľ档
ֱҶ廹ڷûϢֻûƣûθڣĲȣֱŻ³ʩͰһ
ҶǰڴϣȻʳ񣬵ǿǿܳԽȥһЩȻֱ˳ʩҶģЩţҶ岻֪Щʲô
ǰɿ侲ԳŽ˻
ϲϲ˵ƽϲҪˣǴϲ顣֮ԼҲЦݡ
ΪΪϲԼҲϲʱĺϲҲʵġ
ҶʩĻ˶ԭأǰȷӳ˴ͶԽͳ⡣
һˣҶ忴ԼǰһʩԼʲôĶʵ
ʩعָҶϣشûո˵ϲѾˣЩˣлҸ·ʵҵĲǡ
ͻȻ֪Ϣһ˶û˯ãʱҶ壬ڴ뷭̫Ķ
Ҷ֮ǰδе飬ǰҶĸȻĶ˵ҪиӣպźùӣҶһ򶼲ΪȻʼվԼ仹Сչ˺ӣ֪Ϣ֮󣬾ȻҲиӺ񻹲ӡ
ҶḧԼԾƽ̹ĶӣﾹȻһδСӤ;쳣棬ʩԼСҶ壬ϲܿƵ¶΢ЦԼĴҶϣø첲סҶ壬㳹װȵ˯ȥ
лҪ˵

 51 

ڶһ, ʩʱҶ廹ڳ˯צһʩϡ
ʩŵؽҶԼϵֽÿ, ʱЩǡ
Ҷ˯һʵ, ˱, ƽʱʩûʲô⣬ǽһ翴Ҷ˯Щǡ
ǰҶǿ, ײ, ˯ʲôȻôô, ȴͬ, Ҷ, ȻиȻǰ㵢󲻵á
ʩ˯еҶȻǺ֪飬ַ˸˯ȥ
ʩϰ, óԼ鼮ȴôҲԺｹȥ֪Ǻá
, ôˣһԼסͿʩһ鱾ԺתȦȦһģƽʱͬ
, ȥһǸҩھȥʩ˵ţһ߽е鼮Żط, Űȥ
⡭ڰʩһֱ侲ģһοʩЩӦ
ʱ仹缴ȥˣǴҲûпŵġʩ󣬼Ž͵ʩûΪ仰סŲ
ȥˣˣȵƹˣҲ˸ô죿ʩԽԽ죬ȫǰСʩ˵
ʩ仰ԭٱߵĲֹͣվԭ˼һֿʼͷߡ
Ǵô죿
һȥӣԼȥ򣬵ȴҩһһҪʩĵض
ʩһͷȺ߽ȥʱҶո۾
๫㷽ôˣҶ忴ͷ󺹵ʩʵʩһȰ˶Сӣܿģ
£ֻԺм˼ȦϤ˳塣ʩҶ֪Լŵ飬䣬ּ˵ҷѾðСȥˣմ̫æ֮ҪúйŮе顣
ʩһ߶Ҷ壬һóһ飬װţȴƲסҶ塣
Ƭ֮ʩǷԼе飬ҶĴߡ
ӿʲôԵĶһðȥմӴ֮岻ʳʩҶڴֱһضҶÿһԼһСҶͻԼƤӵ³⡣
û£㲻ôңֲ̱֫ܶˡҶ忴ʩģЩʣȻҲͻȻ֪ϢҵͷۻΪԼ岢ûʲôرķӦһ˯֮ҶѾܹԴˡ
û뵽ʩķӦտҪࡣ
һˣʲô黹СЩΪáʩҶϸĵؽЬݸҶһ˿һۡ
ǴϴʩţʼҶ廹ȤҶѾͷˣоڡ
๫ûб𣿡Ҷ忴һֱԼԼתתʩܲס˳
ʩҶʻŲһ£ּ˵ԭȥʦھǵļͰŰݷãΪҪȹȥͬʦĸ밲Ҳ١
Ҷ廹˵ЩʲôͿץϴСܹ
Ǵʹˣץһ·Сܶ˵
Ҷ忴ԼǰĴ򣬼æӡ
ϴڴ˳̧ͷҶ壬λ˻ʲôĵط𣿽һСҾܣû˵ϴ˵ָָվʩİ
Ҷ˳ϴָķ򣬿һ۰񣬶ԷֳĬû
ͷˣʱæ׼㣬շΪҼϸϸһǷ޶׼Ҷ廹һãȻ֪ôػʱʩȳˡ
ʩ˵ϴһתȥԼֽʣһԴӡ
ϴʩģЩز
꣬ϲʤǵһԴ˻֣صġ
⾩ֻҷ޶ˣУΪɷȻҪΣʲôģ˵ͺáʩϴûжϸһ䡣
ҶԱߣʩģʩһ꼶СѧҪˣǰʦʦʲôʱѽѾ׼ˡ
ôҶʩɰ̲סЦ
ϴҲԼԭеӣϸϸҪעĵط
ȵͳţҶڳ׷ǿʩһֽЩ̲סͷƤ顣
ʩԾһ糣īɣͬԼŵһ
ӲߣŴ˵иáʩϸںܿ죬Ҷ廹ϷʩѾʼʽϸˡ
ʩҶСĳУһػš
Ҷ忴Լǰʩе޷˵
ʩӡһǣ๫쳣ɰء
ʩʵϲҶÿɰҲûֻҶСĽ£Ҫˤ
ɩôˣҵճʩԶԶر㿴ʩһŵطҶɢ
ɩˣ˵Ҫ߶ʲô⣬Ա߿šʩһַҶ̨ףһͬҵ͵
ҵû뵽ʩ£Ϊʩ˾֮󣬶ڸʱӿ̿࣬˭֪ΪԼҷ˻жӡ
֣ɩҲǰ취ȥˣɩӶɲ١ҵЦŶʩ
һ磬ҶҲʵܲʩ¹ʵӣҵĻ֮󣬼æͷҾү⻰˵òֻǻУкܳʱ䣬ܲһֱߣԼʲô
ʩԷ۾һ˵òתͷҵ˵ͬӳǣ֪ŵùţҵѡ


 52 

ҵĶܿ, վʹԼҶ塣
ΪѡҪźҶ壬ҶպѹԵ, ϸ˽һҶ, ٴԼѡʵˡ
ҵǸھܹ˽, ŹټдǳųĹС㣬Զͨ˵, Ǵ˽˱ȽϺʡ
ԷҪһڣҶĻ֮ܽ
һ, ûһ, ֻҪʵҲ, 㾡ܰ˴, һơ
ŵĶܿ죬ͽԼкʵѡ˹
Ҷնһ, һʮС
Ҷ彫˰լӵĵڶһסһ𣬰ɷʩ, ӺŮ͸Ҷ塣
Ҷ˽һ˵еţŮֻ˵Լ, ƽ˶ΨһŮҲǸû, ǴѾѾĽš
˵Ǵһģȥһ˺ˮʲôûˣһӱиСӣ;˲ҲûܻĿİ˾ǣȴָͻȥֻ͢Щ񣬸Щ˽ǣţΪԼһڷԣİţѰ·
˻˵ģ£ͱȫ˻
Ȼʱ䲻ǼЩΪдʱˣһֱģŶǷǴӹÿ಻ԡ
ЩˣҪһӷֱҲҪߡ
ţֻҪ뵽ЩٿԼŮ;ңԼ˸ƵңһӲ÷ֿ
㣬Ҷ˵ʽլﰲ˼ҡ
ţԼ˵ˮ֮ǰݵһƹЩȵĻƣƽ鶼ȥȣľǣʱҲˣǴ󲿷ֵֽסլģʲô齻Ѿ㹻
һ߻˵϶ɣȴҲǹõġҶ֪ı֮󣬴˿
߻֮ǰڸסŵʱ·ֱӴӳģȻʡʱʡֱӵĳЩʵĵطպҲ㷳ˡ
ҶյǣûȥţÿղǳԳ˯˯ڡ
ӵ֮ʩҲû֮ǰǰʦˣٻ᲻ÿҶ壬˯ʩིҶԼһעĵ
ô˼գҶʩھеǳװ
ʩҲڽȥݷõճ̡
ʼʱʩҶԼһǰȥݷãϾ޶һֿͬűȽ֣أԴ֪Ҷ廳֮ʩ㽫ԭ˼Ϩˣϰ֮ԼŰݷá
Ҷʼ˴ԺӣﻹţÿԼԺɢ⼸չȥҶԭȤҲûˣ¿ʼ¡
ԭſʼĥµĳʳԼ黨ƷżЩĶԡ
˵Ҷÿܹϳ˯˯˳ԵҶ嵹ҲûʲôԹԣʩҲ֪̫Ż̫ɣʽҪ˵ЩʲôԼĺ˺
һҹҶո˯žͱԼߵʩˡ
ڸ㲻˯𣿡ΪǸոѹǰҹʱҶܲá
ʩҲû뵽ҶͻȻǿҶ˯֮˯ֿʼǧ򻯣̲סû뵽Լֱ̫ӽҶˡ
ҹ˯òҪȥʡ˵ĺӡʩ͵ΪǵլһŸĴҶ⼸յ˯ԽԽţǰҹֻҪϲʲôĶѾˡ
˯֮ǰʵʵʩУǰҹʱȻԼҪµء
ʩԭΪԼĽͺǵͷȥҶ壬ȴֲ֪ʲôʱҶѾ
ҶҲôڴһֱᡣ
ӣôˣʲôĵطߣ˵ʡʩҶᣬæҵز֪Ӧô
ʩǲֻкӣΪ˸ûĺӣ˯ҪѣǲǹġҶϻ飬ſǻʩ
ʩҶʣʶͣӣҲǹģΪ˵и˯ˣãԺҲá
Ҷ廳ЩǣǰϣҶոմ˯бǿнѣ˵ܿƣʩĽ֮ĸˡ
㻹˵ûУ㿴ڰ˾仰뺢ӣû˺Ͳܻˡڲ£ֲ߰²ܷʱ򣡡
ӣҴˣոҲԣҲӦֻźӣֻǵ˯áҵĲԣպһʲôԵĵطӾ˵ǧǰֹҶ壬ʩͻȻ˵ǸܣΪʲô֮Ƚ˺˵
ӣҴˣպͺú˯Ϣҿ϶ŵģŶҵĴɫҲˣӿޣúϢʡûо񡣡
ڵҹҶƽ飬ȵ˯ȥҶ˯ģʩһԼҲ˯˹ȥ
ڶһʩĵһţһν˹
ϴϴεľ飬οʩ˿ȣ֪˻ʲô⣿֮ǰϴҶֻ·ЩֻۣҪϢˣҲûʲôصĲ֢ʩһԼҲ֪Ǻԭ
ʩյ龰ϴһ飬ǷҪЩҩ
ϴΪʩһҩϸϸиײ鲻֣ǧҪҩϾҩֶܹҩиȶõķ
ʩŷջûȥҩȽӴԼС
˵ŴĻǸʲô˼Ӧʲôʩһ⣬ճȥѰҵ취ǿվŵţ˱뷨
ϾţѾˣţܱо顣
ţʵⲢʲô𰸣ֻ˵˼㣬Ҳ֪Լ˵öԲԣʩһ̵ܽ뿪
ҶЩ˼ҹͻȻһЩߣΪҹйƢԭҶѹʱֻƽͣԶʲôԡ
Ҷ巢֮ʩÿճŶһʲôʱľӣʱҶż˵ĽֱСԡ
ܵĺóԵĺģҶ徹Ȼ֪һϻӡ
๫ôÿմЩҶ忴ЩСʩʵ
ʩֻҡͷ·żȻģ֮һֱûȥԿЩӻϲ
ҶʩĻ£ԼȴǲȥϿҪʱúһǵķɡ


 53 

һúܿ, ֪оǵѾת䣬ȥ, 仹װعʱ, Ҳ˼֮⡣
ҶĶҲڴʱֳ
Ҷڸ̥֮ܵҲʽԼѾеʵ, ʼıԼԭһЩõϰߡ
Ȼת䣬ǶҶԲûжĸı, ЩѾ˱ļа, ҲѾͨϵ, նů͡
ӹ̫ƽ, ҶʧȥԭȤ, ʱ뵽һ顪̡̥
ϱûлУҲ̵֪̥ʲô, ֻܸԼϱӵ;˵̷̥ģչ
ѾѼһ¼ϴֵİԺ͹½Ҷ壬񻹻ÿչһΪҶһЩʷ伮徭ȵȣЩҶ屾Ǵ㽻ʩ, ǰֲþʩ԰Ĺұӹܣʩõ˯ǰʱ䣬֮ÿҶ廹ῴһˣ
ӹÿνǼʵ
, ˵ʹѾˡѾӽϻ²ͬҶԼµõϢ
ⲻʮ·ôʱˣҶɻʵʮ·ѾԿʼ׼ˣʱʲô
ϵ˵Ǳǲ˹, ʱ캮ضģеĺ˹嶼ô첻ֶ˵ѾϢϰˣҲһִ̽ϢľҶɻ˵ˡ
ܲûͷǣ˴ģҳ仹ʹţҪʵ۱ͬǰǾʵ۱ͬ𣿡Ҷ忿Ŀϼʵ
ǻʵ۱ʮٳÿ궬նԳΪʵ۱º٣ǣʹ֮רŵվӴǰʱǾΪܼʱ򣬺ŴĶ󶼱Ƚ棬ھҲ㹻ܻӭĴѾ˵ЩνҶɻ͵һ
Ҷ֮û˵ʲôȴ²һ˴ʮס£ڼʵۻǳԺ֣Ӧ˵ҹشﲩʵؿ
˵ʵ飬ҶﻹЩ
Ҷʩͬһȥ˾ǵĽֵУȻѾ˵һò֣żڽֵϿŮ裬νʱ򾩳ǵһص㡣
Ҷʩ֣һֵͬĴϣؿţȻ棬ȴһֱûҵʲôĶ
𣿿ҪȥϢһ֮ʩҶ嵥жģ⼸ʩȻ̹ȻҶ廳УǴ趨ÿε˶ĵط̲סġ
£๫õġҶûҽȷʵ֣Դʱľ񲻴ûʲôĵط
ǵطôˣôΧôˣҶ忴бǰ̯ΧˣЩ档
ʲôϡôϵ˴붼ΧҶ弰ʱץס˸ոմһСʵ
Ǹ˵ţǺƽгõϻţһڰ䣬ֺÿġСк˵ԼͷǺ˵ˣţ̣ܲҾôͷţҪۺܸߡ
ֽ䣬СкΧԽԽˣתͷһȥﻹҶķţҪ뿴ԼȥԽԽ࣬һҪҼ̳أͲͬ˵ˡ
ӶԺеţȤʩΧԽԽȺüͷʵ
ҶȤȻصͷǺ˴˵ţţһϻţǿĶ࣬ţĲһֻСţţͿɼĥĥԼǰԹĸֶˡ
ڶ֮࣬ʩıҶصʱϣԼ￴š
ǻһ㱻Ҷܾˡ
ţҶ֮ǵһ˵ʵǰǲȥҶץΣð
ʩšҶ壬ֻһ㻤Ҷ߽Ⱥп֡
һ߽ȥʱԭΧһȺˣǺ˵ĶƺֵĶʼɢֻʣ¼ŵ˻ǰˣСǣΧͷţ˵Щʲô
ʱҶҲ׾ٿ˺̰еţһͷţͷźĲϣΧȺָָȺġ
ʱһֱιͷţĺ࿴ΧɢȺﲻЩż
ţǲԭǰõģȻֲߣΪǺ˱٣ţǶҲϡ棬ڲԭļ۸񲢲ߡ
ſɺʹǣʹΪʵ۱ϵ֮бţ֮ǰżеͷţʹһ˹
˭֪˾֮󣬾һ㶼һ
ಢϴĴˣҲʱɣŵǡ
ںʹųʱ׼ȷϢֻܸʹһͬǰ·һɢȥȺЩͷɥ
֮ǰžʿ棬Գƽ֮⣬˴λ⽫ţϣǵ˾ͬʹŷֿ֮ӹЩ಻ԡ
ʹдţȫʹ֮Уûк֮ǡ
Լеţͼۼߴغض˵һСĴ
ΪҪͷţüǮһ·϶ͷţνǾĽǳ;棬ţҲûб
ǵ˾ǣʼѰҵʱȴ⡣
ڵĵطǳרŵļЩ˿ԼеţȻ棬ֻ̣ܲµظũ֮󣬾ȫһѷɢˡ
ΪţܵƽϻţţϵҪ󻹱ȼеϻţߣ̯λǰƸȤû
࿴ԼǰԽԽٵˣͷϵĺԽԽҲԽԽż
Ͼû㹻ĲϹͷţˡ
ӶͷţȤȻȺɢȥ˲û߽ԾԶԶؿš
ţóԵĶܹҶȷţ֮ķȥ
࿴ԼˣȻһδȼϣ
λҪеͷ𣿡ҶԼеţţúÿߣҪǣţھֻлʹԺܼҲֻͷţλһ¿ǣֶ򵽾׬λԿġЩѾ˵ˣŵ˺٣ֻЦ
֮ǰڼϻ˽еĶֻڻʹԺܼβԼеͷţеĴٹˣҹ϶ǻӭġ
಻û˸⣬ʧˣھ·֪ȥҸŴ󻧣ֻһƬẠ̊́ʵûа취ְֻܿοԼţǸöܻ˷ֵģһڼţ˳ԼбĻϡ
ֱ졣ϻĲˣţԾûʽ
ѯʼ۸֮Ҳû˺
ǷȻ˵˳ҶȴǺģֱ˵˹ʣԼѾľĵ͡
ţôģ
Ҷһ仰࿴µϣ
ָ֪һͷţͷţͷ䲻ͬ˼۸ҲǲͬġָԼͷţһһ˵ͷСģֻҪʮмǸʮ׳˶Ҫʮˡ
ʵԭඨʱСҪʮҪһڼϵ۸Ҳµ
Ҷ岢ţҲʲôȻֻϻǶţһԼʲôӣ׳õϢ
ӿ򣿡ʩҶֱۣսߵʵ
Һôֻܴǲ֪ͷţʲô֢ԼҲǲЩġ
⵹ް Ҫȥ
Ҷͷͬʩ˵ǰȥ顣
ʱֻȥȥں̶пɾɳЦĴˡ
Ҷ飬ʮ˳ӵشӦԼͷţڴ򿴹֤֮û⣬Ҷ͵ǮͷţؼС


 54 

Ҷճɹͷţ, ǺҲظԼʣĲϸҶ壬ҶúöԴͷţ
˵ûȥ֮ǰ, ץ, ȥ֮, ȴֲᣬϾһ·չ⼸ͷţ, Ҳദһθ顣
ֶҶʩ, ⵥĳɹˡ
˸й˵, Լ̯Ķ, ׼ȥƿþԼĺȦдһ, Ͼ֮ǰļûΪܹɹţȥ
ɹˣȻҪݺݴЩЦ˵
Ҷ彫ͷţؼ, һµǰ
ͷţӦôι
ҶȻסŵլӣլвʱΪţһҺͰסţԲû㹻Ŀռιͷţ
ʱʱ, Ҷֻ뵽ţԼĺôȴţҲһ¡
ڼǲ⣬׼ĥһ»̲ϺһЩ򵥵С⣬ţڼŷǷԼ
ﲻܳ, ҶȻʼĥׯӣׯڳǽռҪլӴö, еƤܹΪͷţṩϡ
ֻǽׯӲУҶĿǰƣ죬ֻðţƽһЩ
ʱѾǸҵˣԼžеӣﻹҪҶլ￴ÿչÿνʮæµ
ôţӾԽԽڹʵ۷ǰ¡
һǸУѾˣʵڽʮ꣬ҪӭĵھŸӣ񻹲֪Ůǲϲ֮飬˸ˣڻʹ֮һʱͷ
һ飬ڸ˵ȴ㲻ʲô顣ڴ͸ҵĵ죬ʵ糯Ϊ̫ӣΪ찲Ϊλʽȵ괺ѡ㣬ʵ۽ּΪλӴͻɻ顣
ЩҶһǵԵ̬˵ʩھֻһ˹ʵ㲻ʩƾٿĹʼĹְҲƷ٣ʵǺϵһ
ԽҪŰݷһλֵѣ䵢ˣӲõңȥϢҶױ̨ĥԼ·ͣʩĻ
޷ױֻÿĥһµķͣЩ
ҶͷûйѯʩȥЩʲôϾҵѾʼˣҶѾıʩߣҵߵķչûΪЧӦʧ𲽵
ʱʩҶӲ棬ȻδȡǶȻ˱
һʩźҶ˴Ѿԭ֪Ѿʮ塣
Ϊ˰æ׼Ҷ˲٣Ѿ̲ĻζоˣûҬ֮Ķֻǻġ
ѾƷҲΪˡΨһõҶֻͷţھп̲꣬Ŀǰδҵʵװ̲衣
Ҷﲢż뽫̲ΪƷƹȥҲˣҶĴУ̲ʳ׼һ
һֻмҴطȻĽǲἵʵʹ¶֣ñ֪ԼܹǮķӣҶҲұ֤Լǲǻʲô֪Σա
Ͼ⾩УңҲʶʲôܹĸŴ󻧣ҲһΪʩμΪһ̻⿪䣬Ҳû˵Լһܻסˡ
Ҷ巢ɢһԼŵˣ̲軹һˣҺúѡַǧһ֪һҡ
ʩ֮ǰĶҶ岢ûΪʩţʱһֻ￴ŵ㣬ԼɵϿʼϢ
ΰѼҵ
ɩӣɩӣڼ𣿡ҵС̧ʩʩ̧˽
˯ã˻ڼкúϢʱѾˣҵҲżؼңֻǼ˵һ£ʩ֮뿪ˡ
๫๫ѣҶȥˮԼվʩǰͼѡ
ʲôЧûУʩ˯ȥһ㣬Ҷ岻ôжûκηӦ
Ҷ׼Ϊʩ֮Լط˯ʩͻȻ˶
ӣڣˣ˯ɣʩ۾ԼǰվŵҶ壬˵ôһ仰˯˹ȥ
Ҷ屻ʩ仰ðǿʩƵģ᲻ʲô˼ֻմˮëݺʩϲš
ʩѾ˯ˣʲôо
Ǵγ֮ʩҲûгȥ鷿ͷ˯ǰΪҶĺӽЩ»߶Щʷ
ôعȥһգʩԵӡ
ɫ΢ʩѾһҪ죬νǼеͷȴ¡
ҶԽԽ󣬴˵ڹƾڶ¼䣬񻹴кʩ׼ҶΪͿ
˵ԳһΣڿζҲܣʱԿʼʱڿҪںŵЩ񲻺õĿһδΪ纮òжϿԣƳ
ʩڽ׳ðźļ֮󣬳ɹڿס죬õһؼϢĻᡣ
Ȼʩӻ㿵ǳ֮ԾЩݣֻ֮ǿԼ˶ϴ裬ڴϳ˯ȥŵڶռԱľ񱼸
ȥ֮Ҷ忴ʩѾһأӿлص֮˶գŻָľ
ʱľѾ
Ƕ³Ѿֻ꣬ʮվǵԡԹǻʵٳӸѡŮҲӦ½½ʹ֮Уµ׵ѡ㡣
ѡЩҶ˵ЩңԶǵѾǰˡ
ʩӿг֮ճŻѣһֱû˵ԽǾʩıԣҶʩζȻʮþȵġ
Ͼǻʵյ״Ԫɣڻеĳɼ㲻һˣҲЩ۲С
Ȼϣʩڻʱεͷ˻Ԫ
Ű֮ҶǺúһھӶϲһԺĻЦûͣ
ʩϳգǸͷܺõҶţһϮʩԽԽԶз·𿴵պʤʩ
ҶʶԼ뷨֮־ЩЦҡҡͷֻ̽ڼеʩĺϢ
ΪѡһǰҪν֣˵ԵǵڶղŹ
Ϊ֪ʩյĽ˶³ҰõĲݣԷԼҸʵĽǶȿʩνֵĳ档
ȴû뵽ںúõĲ¥оȻòĸү


 55 

ҶһŰ˲¥, ״Ԫν֡
ʩʱվڻʹڵ֮УͬһѧӳĬصȴԼĽ
ҪǶһ׺ͶΣ, ԹеֻӶ׿ʼ, 
ʩվѧ, һƬһֱûԼ, ȴ˿ҡ
ʵ׿ɫһƬƽʩ, ͷ, Լѡ״Ԫ, ˷̬Ҳᶪӡ
ʩվ, ܸо洫Ŀ⣬ȴȻֲܱ, ʱһһ˵ļ֮£õĶûж
ʩģԼֺʩԭ
һ˻Ҫν, ڳвûеʱ䡣
ڼ϶һҲ໥ʶһ
ֳǾǱʿǼֻСС㲻øŴ󻧣֮, ӶŮȫĸڣкǡ
̽κǳԸŹ, Ǻݴʷδ䡣
˴·ڹ˵£๬ųһֱߵ˳ϡ
νһǾһεĴ£˶մմϲԼгһ·˳еȺ˲٣δ޵ĹȺУŽԼе黨Ͷεˡ
СӣǿԵּˣ֪Сӿɻǵң
濪ʼУҶҲ֮¥Ĵ򿪣ʩȴû뵽һòˡ
үģΪ˻ڻؼңԲŻ¥ʱ䣬û뵽Ȼ֮ϲ
ҶȴôӣֱŤͷȥ
ǸүһԴŴੲݡ
ԽνֵȤү˳Ҷ߿ȥͷԶԶ
ԣС㾹ȻˣүתͷҶĶӾе
ҶֱӸ˶ԷһۣԼް취޲ýүϡ
ǸүҶ״ɫطУ
Ƭ֮ҶŴ˸үԼС˵
ԭӸǻʱ˲СӵĵϸһֱûϢ⼸¶ȥʲôԵˣ
үС˽ͣС˰²ġүˣӸǻ֮Ϳ˳ǽׯӵһλС˽͵˶٣С˺鵽Ϣŵϣû
үԼС˵Ľ̲ͣסűͷĬ
ԭΪСŸ˷ͣδй֣ԼӣΪȥٴοҶ֪Լش
һҶʻ
ǹôˣ˿˵Щʲôү˺ܶࡣ
ǹ˵ȲˣҲǵӣˡ
үûûʲôرİãϲúÿŮӣҸŮ
Ϊݵԭ򣬸үߴӲȱŮҲ֪ʲôаһֱ˳
ڸкòһģ˭֪ԷһֱѾˡ
һǸԼҴȥׯʱеũŮ˭֪Ů˻Ǹӣ˵˼䣬˱Ѱٻֱײͷ͵ҽ֮У֪
үҲΪԭŲһؼңѾ֪Ļ飬ʱȥֲ˺ôԲ˸طĥʱ䡣
Ҷһ䷿Ȼģģϵһ룬õ
ڸүֻҪһԼ׵ŭȥĻͻ·
ֵϵĻԽԽҲԽԽӽҶ𷽲ŵ˼Լעʩϡ
ʩڸͷһ߽ҶҲԽԽӻ֣ôѾһ׼õ黨˹
Ҷ忴׼ʱ黨׼Ͷʩϣһ·ڸͷϣһ·Ѿв黨ʩ黨֮ϿһۣÿҶӲݶ¥Ĵ̽ЦŶ֡
ʩԼ֮Ҷ廹˸ǣʩ£ҶһϵеĶ֮ʵʵ˻ȥ
Ҷ忴ʩԼڲ¥ԽԽԶԼҲʼʰ׼ظ
ҶʩһңصʱԼſһİŮţģӦǺŮӣҶһ˻֮רŶҶ忴һۣ뿪
ϿʲôԵĵطǹﶢҿʲôأҶŷŮӵԼŴѾʵ
δϰ۹⻬Ůһ㡣
Ҷºϼ֣ռĸүͷİĺŮԺ
ЩϢɣҪȻڼǰϲҪһҶ
Ϊ˵Ҷھ⼸գ⾯һЩʵʱ̿ҶעԼӵı仯
ʩ֮ҶɻģڶҶ¶Ц
ӣӦңһΣյĶպвʩֻҪڽϿĳú£Щʲô⣬ʩ뿴ġ
ģҽֻ̫ϾһӾôһأպһˣ๫ܷġҶʩ˵
ˣȥϢɡʩ֮Ҫ·ȥμᣬڼвܾ˴ҶȥϢ֮ԼҲ뿪
ҶʱľãѯţڳǽׯӵϢѾˣԼ̲ƷҲ˺ҵʱţҲҪҵطã㣬»Ҫҵȥţ
ͷţתƳȥǵ֮Ͼٽ˺Ӽл
Ҷ廹˼Լû©ûаţѾּҴ˹
ˣǸİĺŮˣҪǷ
Ҷ岻֪ŮǺ˼ȻһѰǼá
ǺĹǲӦ񣿡ŮӱѾҶǰ֮ſڱôһ仰
Ѿ˳˵Ǻǹˣһ˵Ǻʺأ
ŮӺݺݵص˴ѾһۣתҶ˵ҵֽм㲻ţȥ飬ʹڵվ֤ҵݣùûҪƭ㡣
򵥵ҽܣҲҶ˵Щʲôּ˵ĺΪ񶮹أѾ߷ŶҲΪβͬҺúõǸ
㣬ͬҵǸ㷽ǻҶһðǵʱǻʵۣȻǳԲ˶ߡ
Ҷ꼪Ľ֮󣬾һֱһ΢ıڴϣ򷽲ŵĻ̲ס˵ף㲢ûκܹ֤ԼһҲδκʹӣƣѾץȥˣϾð湫ɲС
Ҷ⻰Ҳֻ˵˵֪ʵû⡣
ǺܳĹҲԭеŮ䡣
Ҷ屾еŮˣ˭֪ʱȻͻȻ˳
ԳһǰССЩʲô
ʩӰɣҪΪޣķˣ㵽ʲôģϰҽҪͬ⣬ҽվ㣬㲻ͬҲûа취ҿ϶Ҫ޸ʩ˵ټ죬ҶȴЦ
֮ǰСҪࡣ
֪Ҫ޸ʩҪҵͬ⣬Ҫʩͬ⣬ǲ֪λδĹʹʩҶƵʵ
ȻԭֺģʱÿĿİͰֽͣϻһ㣬ŬżӣҽֻǸһͬʩ޹أ㲻Ҫ˵ģ
ҶʱûȤͶԷڣţʹѾԷͿ˳ȥ˵ȻҪ޸ʩУȥĻģܵﰭۡҾüպûˡ


 56 

ҶûԶȥļ, ԭĺȴѾûˡ
Ϊ˻Լ飬ҶרŽаȥˣӣһ顣
ûȵˣ, ҶѾʼʹ
ʹտʼ, Ҷ廹ܡ
ҲΪ֮ǰ׼, 俴æµﲢ, ôѾȥˮ, ţȥ֮ǰѾϵõĽ, ԼҶ߶, ϾֻǸոտʼʹ, Ҫ֪Ҫʲôʱء
ôˣոհˣӵſڣ㿴ţһ˴һͷ
Ҫˣ仰Ҳ˶ſ, Ϊţóͨ
ԼˣһöԷſڵƬ̣Ǽȥǻȥ
, 㲻ȥˣأôһ˻ˣ  ҶʹԽԽָŰˣӴȴԼ˻Щʧ
ʱ˻ܿˣҰǴ, ֻǰšҲǵһο̣Щ֪롣
°ٴҲֻǸոʮĺ, һμ֪ӦΰŲźá
ǽɣ뿴Ҷֳ˴ѾĳʳҲԱҶȶ٣ΪϴʹУҪתԼע
Ҷʹһֱɫ΢űһƬæµ
ȥͬү˵үʲôʱѾվ洫š
ȻڻδǣͲ󣬿ǵܵʱѾӡˣǰԼģѾż֡
ϾС鶼Ϊ
үڹμ磬֪ʲôʱܻѾȥˣүһ϶ӱߡű紵Լ˼Ѿ
Ѿ𼱣ԼǰȥнţҴѾ·ϣһµģúÿţֻŷ˽ͺá
˵꼱ææ˳ȥϢݲȥֻţʩܹһʱ俴Լ
СӣôſڽӣӳԼС˸մӹг㿴Լйһ֮Եİ
Ӱãӿ֪ʱ֮ǰͬʩҵȥʱһӣû뵽ԷȻǵԼ
Ȼǵ˵Ǽ飬ԼȥӺģǻܵݽȥϢġ
⹬Ὺһʱǽ˵ġʲô𣿡ӿԼǰɫʵǼʱбӿ״ԪҪ𣿡Ȼֻͬһ棬Ϊϵİ̺ۣԳӡټʩϵǢԲµһ䡣
ҼҷҪˡ
Ů˵ĻҷҪˣ㲻ҷˣҲõѽֲ˰Ѻû⣬ӣΧ϶һΧţȥҲûʲôãҲڸţ˷ʱ䡣
ҼүզߣЩңſšҼү
ˣҵŰɣҽȥ˵ˣ˵Ҳء
ųһٱʾлŶԷ߽ţҲ
ʱʩᵱУЩʳ֪ζֻĻң֪νѡ
ʩֽո״ԪôЩĲɣʲôǳƣֳλþʩߣһʱ䷢ʩϵĲԾ
״Ԫʲô㣬ȥߣκ˵԰ɫɫҲˣֻҪСЩʲô˵ġֳʩԼŬ״ԪһϧĸоʱеĶݽ̸ֳʩĺøֵ
ллֺ⣬Ͼڹ˶ӣ£ȵɢȥؼұɡʩֳܾ飬˵ԷǺ⣬ǱϾԼĵ̣߶Ϊá
״Ԫɽôأ϶˲סӣ˵ϳʱ¼費úÿһ𣿡ĺ䣬ԭѾϯ̫ӺүŽеָָ㡣
Сôֽˣһϲ˶ᣬսҲûͣ𣿿Ҫ˽ү˵㿴ߵʩǰ֪˵ʲôʩɫȻһߣڳͬ£ڳĹְߵĸ
ĻھͷϣнʿѧҲû뿪״ԪɼҴ˵Ҫ뿪ıЩãվʩԵĳûΪѣʩ뿪
ȥΣүŴеĶ̫ӵ
̫ӿʩŲæ뿪ıӰͷͬү
лӸ֪˹źʩųлּҴðӱظ·
Լǰ뿪°ͳ˼λǶԼһ
ӣ̫롣վڳĹˣʩԶ֮˵
˵ǵ¿״ԪΪ˼лӣԲŻôҴҵظϣүĻ֮󣬲ŵַһ䡣
ͷ˵ͬʩ֮ǰԽ̲֮סһ֡ûʽٳԸող̫үʱ˵ҲϿҡ
˵ʶ¼ǵʩǰƽգ޶ʶ
ʩǸĺ֣μҺμҽҼҴϹϵԲŻʶãʩҡ
ʱԽԽ˶ڻʹ̫Ӳ޼ѯʵ֮иǡ
ų˵ô·ϣ̫ͻȻʵ
ƪоͿɿʩ˴ţΪպȻƽơүʱҲʼƤЦģӦ̫ӵ⡣
һֻҪߣһǿΪõģʩԣ߾ոӡ
ү̫ӱ֣ȻһһΪ̫ӿǣ̫Ѳ⣬ʣλӲǳصģ˲ò෽衣
ʩᣬڵӮûʵ۵Ȼᱻ෽£
Ϊò;״ԪǸˣ֪ôѡԼõġˣظǵôΪʺáͣ︮⣬˸
ʩҴ߻ؼ֮վҶһ߽һߺۣнȰ
ڽңصУʩҲ˵ԼǷңҴȥ
ȴ䱻һֱסˡ
ǴʩҲӡ̣һס䣬ǰһ
ȥҲǻ˵ﵹæ
ڽңҪȥʩҲǵһӵĳ棬ҶڽһӦȥš
õģƬ̣ͻûˡ
ȻƬ֮׽ʳͼ˽ȥ
洫Ҷʻ๫
ʩӦ֮Сֻ࣬Եشƺߣʩվȴӻš


 57 

Ծģ, 粻ԼŻŵػ֪Ҫ鷳 ̫ʦ, ʩתתȥ, ķ, ̲סһ䡣
ԶԶԣ˵, ҲʩǿԼ, һ, ϣԼ侲
ҹ, ΪϴѰϢĵط, ϴһֱȵҶ֮ȥ
ʩϣ·һ, Ųſڣһ
ɫڳ˵һ׶
ˣһֱδĽͻȻ⺰
ǽȴЩæҡ
죬ﻹһ, ȥȥ뼦ŵӶ˳ʩԭѾ侲һ˳
ŴҴææʵôˣ
ʩһ˵һȥ, ڱźҶȫֹ
Ҷͷ󺹣Щ㣬Ƕﻹһ, ʮֵľһҲͬƽء
ʱ̣Ҷ彫һ˳һһŮŮ˫ȫҶҲΪ࣬ں֮˯ȥ
ϲүˣŮ˫ȫһҹ֮ڴӲ˳
үصǣֻ࣬Ż˯ȥȵϢ˺úӡֶ˼ŴѾոոıһϲ˳ȥ
ʩڲ֮УŻδѵҶ壬ͷֻһƬ㡣
ٷȢţڼŮ˫ȫȻ㷢ƣӹҲ㰲ȣһƬƽ͡
ڽźʹӶϲ֮
ʩ˳ɹ¿״ԪʩŮ˫ȫϢĴ̫ӵ˵С
Ҷһֱ˯˰ԼѾƽ̹Ķӣһʱ֮仹Щϰߣתͷȥڴȴ˯ŵʩ
ҵĺأôÿ𣿡Ҷǰ˵ոĺʮа˾ŶܳҲ֪Լĺӻ᲻С
ʩһŵҶ廳УһԼСرţ˴յüҶ忴ԼѾµӡ
Ȼǰ˵ľ鶼ǶԵģûһǺÿġҶ忴ԼԵӣ̾һ̧ͷһһҹδ˯ԾɷʵʩСδֿܡ
˺ү˵ʲôѾżҶĻո£ʵ
¡ʩ䵭ػӦԭԼеĺӽԼӹеļһιҶ塣
￴ʩҶ屧ӵ̲ס˵һ䣬үˣ⺢ӲôģҪһֱôźӲ޵ģʱ䳤˶ԺԺҲá
ｫӶӵУ·Żشϡ
Ҷһ궫ְֽ˱ӵȷơ
Ҷ廹ãϾո񻹲´Һ꺢֮ĳЩطʦͨˣܺܿա
ʩʼѧϰ֮ʼֽŽӲ֪ӦʲôƺãֻǰںñӵƣｫӷԼС
ӵϴ粢û죬Ծ֮ʶ˼ǰ񣬳˰ֳ֮⣬ҲרŹ
ȻҶڼӣ²ùܣǰȷʵ١
֮ǰҶһֱ֪˫̥׼ĸιӣӣӿ϶˵ͨˡ
ҺõǼͷţûҵʵׯƳȥԿӦ
Ҷҵ֮ǰţϣܹѾߣ˳Ҳſûкʵá
Щ׼ҲҶʶһ⣬Ҫٰլһ㣬Ҳż
ʩڽӵ͢ķʥּպԺ֮ʽӭԼΪһµļڡ
ȻһܳǶʩּңԶһµʱ䣬̽أڼҶոֻھС
ĸ˵Ѿǵ·ˡӼ㣬˼ҪˡʩеŶҶ͵
ҶѾʮˣΪ˫̥ԭջǾӵʱӳΪʮ졣
ҶϢʱѾеùˡ
ҪҶĸܶһ˵ˣ֮ǰҶĸ˵һ仰罫ѾˣҶĸҲ㲽㡣
겻Ҷĸı仯ֻ΢һЩ
Ҷ忴ҲģϾ֮ǰǰҶĸŵʱ˵綼Ȣӣ˺ӣ磬ҶҲ𽥽Ӷǹܣ飬ҶĸҲȫ˴ɩһᣬɲ
ҶҶĸ˴ǰ׼ǿŮӾеţ֮¿ɢġ
Ҳʱɣʱʩ״ԪѾ֣ҶĺҲƽֻҪΪҶ־Ϳˡ
ҶڴϹ۲Сӵģ
µʱ䣬СѾ̥ˣܿü۵Ƴ̶ȣƢĲͬ
Ҷĸ߽ʱͿҶڶԱӵĲͬģ
ӽ֮Ǹĸףܲٺǰһ㡣ҶĸֽԼĺӱȥϸϸҶ塣
ָ̾һ䣬ȻѾˣǰǲͬ
Ҷ䲻֪ԼﲻͬȻҶĸѾô˵ˣ͵ôһ顣
ӻ£ÿմ󲿷ʱ˯Уֻ֮ĸŮڣҶĸʲôʱҲñܻ䡣
үѾǾˣûʲô۵ܵǰɣҶĸ仰ʵСƺҶġ
Ȼ֮լȷʵûпбѾߣһ֮ǰУ֪ԼҪǰ򷢳ȥô죿
ʲôأѾǾˣҲǸС٣ϸС檡ҶЦţȴԼ֮ǰͻȻҵԼļȻЩֻҪžУͬҶĸ˵
㻳֮󣬹үҹ޵ʱ򣿡Ҷĸּʵ֮ǰȻһֱϣǲʲô֪
ƽǮ˶޲ҸСЩ£ʩѾ٣Ҷʱ仳ӣ˭֪ʩôġ
㲻õģ๫ͦõģһеʱ䣬ն飬ʣµĶˣҼҲûʲôĵѾͷ๫Ҳûгֹҹ޵֮ͷİɡŮԼãǺǻŮ
ҶĸЩ࣬ﻹǰоԼҪúöʩ
Ȼʱ˵ҲҪҶӽһµʱ䣬ʩʱȢ͵ԣ˫۾Ȼܿó
ʩҶĸ˿ֻ֪ʱżܹҶĸԴԼЩ֣ȴһֱûҵԴͷֻҷ²ᡣ


 58 

ʱ, ҶȻɲܳݣȴڼ򵥻ˣΨһĵطһֱϴϴͷ
ʩȻûʽٳ, Ҳʼ, ʵʱ̿׼뺲Ժ
ԺĹ˵Ҳ, ˵鷳Ҳ鷳
ǻʵûگ빬ƽ񲻹Ƕ׫伮, æµ, ǿ
ʩȥԺĵһ, һжһƽ, ûĶͷ˾үһ콫ƽ
үʩʱȥĸ˵׵ܵ, ֪ʩյľٶ󣬴ʩʽϸڱ㿴ۡ
ʩﱨ֮, ʩһЩѾİʩһȥ
ΪʩǵһְԺүĸӹ֡
ʩһһܹ͵ӣ˵үûʲô, ϾүΪ˾ΪְĹԱŹҲǺ顣
ʩһŽںԺ鼮ݣһеĸɿȥȴû뵽ӿڱסȥ·
ʩ, ȻˣǷ˲ҽȥǸȥ, Ҿ˳¼޸ˡǰԾһˡ
ԭǴˣʩѾְԺʱڼңʱվ˳ٴҵҶ塣
ΪϴҶûͬǸҲΪҶ忴ԼҪ޸ʩľģרŴܹ֤ǹû뵽αһλңΪֱûܽȥҶ˶ûмȥԼҪ޸ʩľġ
Ҷ˾֮һֱڸε˳˼ԼӦô
ռǰӦҶһεĻվʩǰˡ˵ǵķϰǲϲŮӴ󵨵ģԼͻȻʩǰʩȣһʱܲԼ͹һˡ
εʱǡʩ߽ӿڣô˲䲻ᣬٴԭĽ˳󷽷վʩǰָҶ巽Ŷ顣
ʩһδеӺͺӣԭѾʼû뵽ѾҪߵԼſˣȴƫƫס˽Ų
ÿ»Ҫż·ʩĿͷûֱ̧üÿŲ
ʩûҸոպ˵ʲôǸӾǸո˶ſڲҽſ˫ۣʩǰ·µʵʵһζʩǿ
Ҳ֪ôʶҺӵģһҪ㣬ҺӹͬļңӼȻѾܾͣôǺԭ㶼Ӧǰʩڿʼʽվżǰ·ŮˣȴǸȫİĺˣһЩÿ
ûΪʩļ仰ͿʼԽ䱾վʩǰһֱʹǿʩ㾹Ȼ㲻ʶңʩںúÿǼǼĲǵ𣿡һ˵һȥԼרŴϵʩ֤Լʵݡ
ţ˭ûκιϵҲ֪ô֪ҵģĲ֪㣬Ҳ֪ʲôݡʩεĶ࣬ƹͷҲص˹ȥ
һ˵һ䣬㲻뾡취ǰĨӵҵԶõģ˵ʲôҶţֻҵӣΪֵŵǸˡ
ҺķȰһ䣬ٳվʵʵűȽϺʣΪ鷳
ʩ˵ͷҲص뿪
ֻ¼Ծվԭضſ߷߲ƽֲЩʲô
ʩ˵һǸǰΪʵ۱º٣ٳǰϦھֳʲôЦôϸᰵ޹⣬ص˾ڣԼҲӿɺֲô
Ȼº·ܹһ˼еģΪԼھвعأݵѵ⣬֮ѹˡ
ʩصеһȥҶӡ
Ӹո˯ţҶ忿϶Ĵ
ӣʲôʩ߽ӱסҶʵ
ʲôѵ๫Ҳµû๫·ӦǸ˰ɣ๫ܹǵһǺñ£ѵ๫ûʲôҪ˵𣿡Ҷûлͷǻ˸ƣԼ˿ʩϡ
ӣҪңܱôǲǷޣһˣ˭ܲɢǣߣⱲġʩûż⣬ǶҶ屣֤Լľġ
Щܹ˵ú֪๫仰ǲרҵģϾһûҰ㡣Ҷ岻Ϊʩһ䡣
˵úĺﶨȻ׵ģҲǿʶʩҶʮָۣ˹ؽ͵
๫úͬҽһйؼ飿Ҷתͷбʩһۣʩ°һǣϴƣʩԼ͡
һǵȻ㲻ѾѾõʩʶҪõ࣬׼ҶĴȥȴҶܾˡ
๫ѵ㲻Ӧͬҽһ¼ɫɲǰ㡣Ҷ̧ͷʩʩֻܳ̾һԼ侲úͬҶ顣
ʩԼֱ֮֡
ӿɻǵǰһƱͻ飬һҼ˼ҲһΰˣȫȻ֪Ϊλҡ
ʩͬҵһȥǳ¼ҵӳ
̸뿪ǰȴ˽ȥֵļ
Ϊ֮ǰ뼪ڹϼ˴ҲʶҶԷǸʶˣֵط˶ӣҪȫ
Լ쾩ǵؽͷף˴һھ档
ԭ˸С˺Ѿ߸ǼȴܲһֱǣʩΨһһ뼪нӴ
ʩԼ֮һʱ֮ҲЩʧͼôһμ˵ģȻԭ˲ͬʩÿһ˳඼ͬ
ԽٴμʱʩûϳֱԱţŸȷ
Ҷʩļֲŵһ䣬ô򵥣ûб飿ûбĽӴƩʲôҪˤˣһѷסԼӡ̣
ӣҪ룬ЩûзͬǳӣֻǸųӺͼһͬ˰գ޽ʩ֮ԼҲ֡
Ȼͼйͬεʱ䣬δܣȻܵԼǰԼԹ˵ԼǶ
ʩԽüͷԽҶʩС˵ӣ˵˵ǲǺǲһôʧҼùǰʵϡ
ʩ²ּ֮ʵǼ˵ʲôʲôõ飿ǼǲطɣΪƷС٣΢ᣬҲȻҪۡ
๫ģҲδܹʲôίҲ֪μǰֱûöԷܹ˵ңÿζֻǰҲǲԸúʹ֪飬Ƿʲô˵ġ
֮󣬼ҶѾ׹ȥˣʽ֮󣬻ʵ۱µٳҲѾʹӦöȥˣڼȻһŴ󲿶ϼҡ
ڴ֮ǰҶ嵹йؼİԡ
żΪʵ۹ٵ֮鵽Ǻ÷⣬ԼԸһֱھǣھһ
ʵ۲ûҪ뷨ӱ˻ȥҼӿʹŻصڡ
ʵٳһþǰսֵ顪ѡҪʼˡ
Ŵ˴ѡ㣬ǻʵ۱Ҫӯ󹬣׼Ϊλ꿪Ļѡˡ
ЩͬҶϵҪǵţǺʹ뿪ǰרȥǸţ࣬ѯǷжţҪϼͷɹ
Ҷ׼ţ̺ͲҶ̲ģ֮ǰѾͬҵ˵˼ƻֻΪʱһж죬ˡ
Ҷ׼չȭŵʱԼִʩ֪һ顣
С㱻˴ؾл䣬Ѿ͸ү˸ձҪ׼ˡ
лҪ˵ּܴ࣬ҾĴ

 59 

һ︴յļ, ֮ΪĿˡתůеŮ𽥿ʼ
ҶҲѡʱ׼ھչԼ̲ҵ 
Ϊֶ̲ŮгбȽ״򿪣Ҷ廹˼ƹ㡣
ȻƲ, ŮڼͬʱҲ, ǳµ˻Ϊ
Ҷ˼ȥ̲ѡַ˾Ǿ֬ӱȽϽӽĵط
Ůǰȥ, һЩŮǵע⡣
ϸ˵ʵûжϾһǳʳһϴƷ, ڽ, ǻԹ
ЩҶ嶼ֻЩ, Ͼճ, ߻СҪչ, ûжپ˼
Լ֮Ҷ½Լ۹Ż֮ǰԼİϡ
СҪɻˣҶ忴Ÿոյֵؼҵʩʵ, Ϊһû
ҶȻţ߱ϾдѾôһռ鱨С֣Լʲôûյ
Ҫ͵׼ڶɻһ¡Һ͸ھҲͷ˼, ȻǲԸһδ֪Ļ£ƽۣȻлûʲôǸ֪Ķ֪ˡʩ͵, ΪʦԵʣͬйЩʣԴġʦĸŮؾΪھа׼¡
ҶԭΪСԭеŮ, ʩýȢһӣԼһгӲҪ򣬿û뵽Ϸ̨Ӷûʽ˾ɢˡ
򵥵ļؽӴУҶСӡ󲢲ϢЩϧʩνգԼڲ¥ĶԻԼԭԼӡд
ҲǸѡ񡣡Ҷüͷʩ˵ǸүǸʵѡ
๫֪ҺҵĻ˭ģС俴Ƣ̫ãһֱ˽ȴǲġ
ҶС޵ǸȾѪĸүУҶԼȻʳѰ
Լ֪ҲͰˣ֪ˣܹҪȥԣԼܸܲı״
ӦةˣةϷʱʱ˵ĻŮﶼˣʵĺӣԲŻᡣ
ǸһõĹ鴦Ҷ򵥸֪Լ֮ǰ̸
ҿŻʶϣһŮ޹ȥֻܲűĹ
ȥʦĸʩһԶб²Ҷ뷨
ȥԣǸʵö
ʩԼںԺĸ˸߸ϵ̬ȺͷҶ˵ø¼üͷ
㣬Ů޸Ҽֱһӡ
ȥ˵˵һжѡȻ޻˵Ǹ̫˸մӸлһֱڹЩ鶨ȻҪ֪ġ 
Ҷ˶Ͼ˳ʩתƻ⣬׼ȥϰ˶ԼŮĻµǺֿ
ҶΪרȥˡ
ʵոջؾã֮ǰȻؾ飬ϾլһֱڲŻصС
ǻصеҲԾɷæѾ꣬˴˴λؾδŮھҶҲҪ׼һ
ϾʱŮؾ׼ھΪŮѡȻھбҪú׼һ
˺Сڸһֱδ飬صУȻҪة˴Ŷμᣬ֪ҸСҪ׼ˣĬĬ۲ǷкʵĻ
С͸үĻҲģةԭΪԼŮ׼ڸǻޣǼȻѾ׼ؾСĻ¾˵ΪĸҲǺġ
ʵĶɣҵĻ²Żߵ˿죬Ϲֻѡˡ
ؾ֮һֱæʩ״ԪʦĸȻһֱòʱȥϲʩ˲Ҫ⡣û뵽ҶǰݷãǰѾ£Լ϶׼ģȻһֱδ²ҶǰǺ⡣
˼ﷱæ๫״ԪǰǰǶ׵ġҶͬ˼򵥺˼䣬󽫻תƵԼ˴ǰĿϡ
˴ǰ߶ʵ鷳ˣ˵˱ЦСѾ˻ѡǰҶʵʲô˵ˣ˵ԼҲ֪˵׻λӦ
ȻҶʻϵЦ⵭˼֣Ǽʵ֪ʩ˴ϢҼŮѾ˻ͣлϢҲġ
˱֡Ҷ尲һ䣬һйŮµĲס
ҶĻ֮ԼҲЩƽϡ
Ҷ巽˵òȻոջؾϾԼŮĻ£ܽΪԼԾвϤ´󲿷ص㶼ةˣȻһˣة˿ɲֻһŮ
ԼǸҪĲС
ҶгһȻ֪ԼôǲǶԵģԾˡ
ʱͶŮӿ̣С㾮ˮˮС޸үˣҶ廹ǾѰ
Ϊĳ֣Сԭ켣Żᷢ仯Щ΢ֻϣСܹҵһõ˼¼ޣڻһ
Ҷصȴҵҵ
ɩӣҽѰ˵һ顣̲ĺҶҵ̸ģϾţֳһɱЩҪ˵֮ǰĺͬͬ
ţĹֳҪһšҵ˵֮ȥҶı飬ϸ͵̫ңܹǵûлֻкôңͬ˹ţܹбϡ
ôͻȻ㣿Ҷ룬ҵܹͬҵʶ
ҵͬ¥⻹ͳ¼ҴߣԲŻʶ¼ӳ̫ңҲδʲô˵μҴϹϵ
֮ǰȥţĺ·߳˵⣬ԭ˳ӵͷϣȴû뵽ӽҴүǰ˵·ġҵһȲ裬˵үæ֮ԭôźʣû뵽ү˵ԼҪҽѰɩ飬ɩΡ
Ҷ֮ûΨһѰǷֳɵ⣬ӦηҲŲ
ү˵Щʲô
δү˵ˣֻҪȥպ·ǶõġΪүĻֳɸˡ
үӦκ̸⣿ʵףܹҺɹǾ൱ںұ̫˹ϵҲΪԭҵֲŻԵЩΪѣ֪Ǻá
ɩӾΣ
ɲ˵㣬Ӧͬȥ̸Ҷһ˵ţһԼ˼̲겻ոտھлûжĲҲ֪ע⵽ġ
ҼȻѾע⣬ȷҪԼӽҶҲ׼ܾ
Ѿãҵ˵ҲЦЦҶ˵ɩӣձҪˣ֮ǰһֱǹء
ҶͿҵͳţԼȴŹҵ顣
ǾԼССָԵ޹ҵע⣬ûͷֻܺҲ²ţҽеɻ󶼷¡
ʱҲʽȫԹϵʱ
ΪŮѾ۾ŵѡʼأʱľǰ̸ļҵĹŮڹܵǼҹŮܵνȻЩǺԶǲ̸֮ۡ


 60 

, ҶȻһֱѡ̣ǱϾԼأ˸ĹעȲࡣ
Ҷɻھ׼򷿰֮, ˳ӴѾһЩھдб۵İԼ顣
Ѿʱ, ҵʳӿ, ܱߵĸжԼҶ˷һʲơ
, Ҷ岢֮ǰôƽ, 㹻ǮԼһȫĺķ, ȫҪίԼ
ҶھгǶһլ, լӹ, Ժ󲻹ܷʲô鶼ԵҶҶĸ, ʩʩĸȫӹҲǿԵġ
ȻլѾˣҶ岢ûżңרŵĽ˶ԭеլӸһԼסĸġ
µİ, ӷ
Ѿ´ˣԽԽȣԺϵ·࣬ΪÿճԱ, ޶ཱུģʮַѾҶ彫ӵķ˶ɵӾ, ҲʮȤ
ӣڶӡʩԼеĹñݸȺһԵԼҶȥ
㲻˺ܺ𣿶ڶǣӶ壬ѧᷭҶָԾڴŬСּһŷ
ʩñڻУҶһһԿŴϵĸ緭ȥԾʧܵģ˿Ϊ
๫ջĵ磬ǺԺ𣿡Ҷ忴Ծƣɫʩʵ
ԺһֱУ̫æĹæµΪһ顣ٹΪµĸĸóһ³ʩΪææµµ
䣿
Ѿãλǳ©Ա´ûԱ֮ٹٶһʵʩĴʩ
Ҷʣµûжʣʩһ·ƽƵĹٳľҪ̵ǳˡ
ʩڼаڵսԼİ취˻ʵۡ
ʩȻ״Ԫʱޣ˹עҲֻǶʱġ
ǿ״Ԫ֮һܹƽƣҪٳеİ
ʩڰйע˺ܶ࣬ǲûѺϾʩ뺲ԺûʲôĲչֳ
ʵگʩ˵콵أֻҪܹץסλᣬڻʵǰչ¶ͷǣ֮·һࡣ
๫˴һܹڳ͢ٹӱһˡҶȻԭ߰˰ˣǱϾǣд³ֵʱȻһˡ
ʩЦЦûдҶԼĪģֻǶԼеʵзġ
ʩˣ룬ʩӽȥ֮󣬱㰲ĵںԺС
ȻԼķģǱϾڶ࣬ţҲӲΪԼһܹѡУô˵ĿͷּʱлЩȵġ
ǳ˴£ʩҲ벻ʲôûʵ۴ʱּ
ʩɣڹء˲Լϸɤһ·ʩӭʹ֮С
ʩ´䣬ɫ˽ȥʵۺ̫Ӷڵ
󣬱±㽫ʩóʵ䣬Լ뷨ʵʩȥжİգ
ʵ۽ӵݸվԼ׵̫ӣһֱʩʩϸԼ뷨ʵʩϸ
һĲɣպһСı鷳Ҫǽŷָûƹܽ˿ڣأ˰Լٺ»ÿŸΪ໥ø棬ͬһϼͳһ֮ÿһӵԴȥ¼Ӧƾ֤Ապ˶ԣٻڲ̰۸󡣡ʩԼ뷨渵˵֮ҲûжĶԾɰվ·Żʵ۵һ
̫ӣŰΣʵûмʱԼһֱվһԿӵ̫ӡ
Ϊʩ˵ķõİ취
̫ΪӦ˭
̫һʱ֮ûлش𣬱鲻˭ϱ֤Լ᲻ɹ
̫ӵ˼תһ˲䣬ϵĻʵԸΪʷǣ븸ʳȫ
ʲô˵ģʵ۲ûеһʱȥ̫ӣֽĿתʩϣʩĴ𸴡
Ϊ͢٣Ϊ·ǣԸΪЧȮ֮
ˣ㽻̫ӺʩˡµõԼҪĴ𸴣ͬʱˡ
¿һǰһ˳ӰԼ޳ĺ룬úɽȻˡ
ʩڵԵдߣЩ㣬´˼·ȴʮϲڵԹ󣬻ʵ۱ѾʩԼĹעϡ
ʩԼյ״ԪɣʩĻĸ﷽һ㡣
ʩԶµ˼·ںԺ꣬˷˲ġ
λĸĸﲻǸ̫ʱҲʩԺõʱ
Ժǹٳеļ򵥹ȣ㲻꣬Ҳû˻˵Щʲô
㣬ʩӹг֮󣬱ӺԺ˻Ϊ˻Աɡ
ʩΪԱ֮˸ӷæȻǻڲģʵʩҪעĵطһǳ͢ΪҪһ㣬ʩʱ˵ͷͷǵʵʩҪٻڲ
Ϊĸĸȴľ뻧йصĸŹ塣
ʩæµϵҶѡ˰ҵĴӡ
֮ǰ½½һЩεİҲʦڵģڰǰʩʩڸиٰ죬ճʱҡ
ʱѡսѾ
ʵΪλĻӷֱһԼ˽Ϊ˺ʹӦѡʱʱĻ
ǲΪʵԴͻ飬רΪλѡʵӣԴޡ
ôˣҶ忴һûкúϢʩ۵ʵ
ʩҡҡͷҶ˵ӲģЩϾܽˣĸķڻѾʵʩֻҪٹʱ䣬Чڻ
۳͢æ๫Ҫ˼ԼǣÿģȻһֱҩΪ๫̲Ծݲ١Ҷ忴Ÿոյֵʩ̲ס˵
ӷģ£ģæµΪٹһ¾̫ӵӭȢʱ䣬̫ӵ³ɻǰԲŻæµˡʩҶסֵͷǣӷģ಻µʱ䣬ȵ֮ҶȻʱúͺӡʩЩǸ⣬ﻹ׵ġ
ĸЧԽԽؼʱ̣Ϊĸе򲻿ܵӡ
ҶʩĽ֮Ҳټ˵ЩʲôҲֻʩģñȼ磬˯ñȹ
ȻʩѾ˵ɹڼ֮Ҳࡣ


 61 

, ˡ
ҶլеС԰Լˣǰ𽥴
㿴Ѿ߹ǰһλαС, ˵Ƿ˵, Ѱ, 
ɡҶ彫·ŻҡԵѾ߻Ȳ, αѰԼ
ò, αı仯, ԴҶİ¼ʳɹ֮, αҲʼעԼͷ, Ͼǧģ˭һעֻȥ
֮ǰ˵Ҫ, û뵽ôòżˡҶЦкα鵽ͤϢ
α֮ʼ²ԼЩӵ˵²ֱۣӳ֮ΪҪҸ˵Ϊʡ
ڸǴĺúõģϾ, ǧɽô롣
ǰα֣ѡʱƣǧɽþŮǰ˵£αġ
һ, ԴαԺǧɽϣϵ˸ý, ûʲôſ
ǧɽ뷨УԼѡһǰ;Сӣǳɻ֮ԷҪһֱμҵĻα鼴ǳ֮Ҳʲô⡣
ǻûȵǧɽſҳ鲻֪Ϊʲôͱα֪ˡ
αȫɻ飬ԺһԲֱӳˡ
αҳһУܵҵϣҵֵܹǧɽŭ
ҵæ׬Ǯûжʱα飬ҵȻΪαļˣǱϾŮбҵΪҲò֡
Ҷͬαϵǿദα䣬ҲЩЧ
α˵Լ飬תעԼ˼Ҷߵϡ
㣬ӳú񣡼ֱһģһǲǴµŮµǶӣαһμôСĺӣ۾档
𣿡αԽԽԽ棬ҪԼԡ
Ҷҡͷ֮ǰʩȥţҪ֪СʩӦŵʲô֣һֱδյţӵĴһʱ֮ͱ
ʩǸСкţţŮ㣬ҶһǸʡµˣʱкӵ֣ϴ϶š
ںûм䣬Ҳ˵ʩΣû˿ãֻ֮֮
صпмꣿα湻ˣҶոոϵ̲ССںţһѯʹԼѵϢ
ҶҡͷԴ֮ҶֵʱˣȻ֪˼סҲδݹӸ뿪֮Ҳûͬϵ
αЩʧһʣûб̫ϣ鲢û̫ܵӰ죬ֿĻߴߴ˵
ʱҶα̸ʵʵԼĹ뷿УϸǰĽ˵Ĺйء
ǰ񸮳ڻǰΪѵģ󣬲֪йأ鷳
Ӹǻ֮һεĴѡ㡣
ԭûȥμѡ˼ϾŮҪ󼫸ߣǰƤڷƣ㱨Ҳ˵ѡ
ȻӸǻƤ࣬ǰ뷨ٹ̣һɲ׼ֻͣŸĸΪҵʵķұʵʵס
ǻظ֮ȥϷ˴밲꣬ȴû뵽ԼѾˡ
ڸвܳŮԭΪǲΪˣ䲻ò䣬ȴ˼ɫǡ깬Ůѡμѡ鶨
ӽѡ㵽ʵյΪ̫ӲʼһƮƶ˵ĲʵС
ô󣬴δʼһʲôģǴӹл㷢ԼڼеĴıˡ
ԭӵƫƧСԺӾн˵ĸı֮ԵԺеĴʹѾߺҲ࣬߷еԼѡȨҪԺ˺С֮ǰı仯
ȻЩôһЩķı仯磬ЩӲԸԺıãЩӸع˵Ҫ̸ͬģ˵ЩǶǵĻʱ̬ȴˡ
ǰܣӹͨͨԼҽ˵Źϲȴ¶ʵ۹⣬һξó죬ԭ˽۹ԼϣһԳܵ飬⡣
˵ס˵Ϊ̫Ӳƽնڶ֮УǲôػҪصġֿǰЩſյСʵ
ԼλĽ֣λܹó裬պ󼴱ǽ붫ԼҲλǰˣ˽ѧʱҪϸģҪշִ硣
ԼӦʲôһֱͬദá
ʱˡֵĿγݸһ䣬ֻҪı޼ɡ

ʱգҶûȵʩеĳһεȵα飬֮ǰͬǣҲһˡ
ûС㵹ǱࡣҶһۼĸ̾
Щ仯ָòϵı仯ʡ
Ҷ廹ǵõһμĳ˶α󣬲˽
ʩ˵ʡ꾭ֵѵǷһϳ
֮ʱ䣬α顣
㣬㲻֪ڿǱն̫ӲҿǷ˺ô󹦷򡣡
Ҷ循üû뵽Լھôõİԣ꾹ȻǱеˡ
ϲϲ
ͬϲδʩϲ˫̥
ÿһ仰ˮ©Ҷ巴û˽̸ȤôѾԼ֮ǰһֱŵ̲֮еա
̲̬֮ȷ֮ǰСģ
Լúȡ꿴Լǰ̲ʮ־棬ζܹһֱȥֻھȴδҶԼģҲ֪ܹ򵽡
ȷʵģھҲܹ򵽵ġ
̲ȤҶȻҪúýһ޸̫ӣֱͿԵԼŵĻ棬Ҷ嶼ˣϲô϶ҪԼӣдš̫ӲԴֻУ˼ϼس
һֱ䣬ʩֵؼң˵С۲
ڻһˣˣҶΪʩϸɾĳһѯʡ
ʩؼһΡ
ʩͷʱһ䣬¶æµλү̫ӵĻ£ʱ˲Ҳܳʱú㡣
ʩһ˵һнҶ屧ĴϣΪʩæµ飬޶֮ԼδȣȻǸɲһһʰ
˵Ǵ飬ǱϾǲھձȥˣҶΪ̲ԭ򣬽𽥶
ҶȻԼһƬãǻʹ֮ȴ
˭ģ̫ӿŹɪɪȴʼһﲻĹˣӿ𼫴ŭ
ǸǸָʹģСҲˡǹջǳܲסԼ֪һ׵ؽ̫ӡ
޽ʱˣһֱԺźŻݡ
࣬ԭӾȻʼÿջ˯ۣ̫ҽͱƭȥ
ǹ˽ҩʼֻ˾Щãʱ䳤˶ŮӶᵼ޷С
̫Ȼӹ˿е֪ҩ֮Ǹ֤ݲ㣬ֻҰסᣬΪ̫ǶԼʺܳĹѣԼҲõô
̫ôˣүʩͿŭ̫ӡүһ̫׽һ䡣
̫ӿԼǰˣŬЩŭһ䣬ҶʲôöҵţҶռȫҵ֤ݽж
̫ңȴӸ֡
̫ԭֻǱԹһ䣬Ͼ粻ãеĸԱжţøڸǸȴû뵽ʩΪ⡣
ȻʩȻҪµġ


 62 

Ϊĸ, ʩ̫ԽԽϤ֮ǰ򵥵ľ֮Щϧĸо
̫Ϊ֮, һ, ̫ڳѾ, ܹھΪľ󲿷֤ݣûʵ, ̫ӵһ㡣
ʵѾʮ, 𽥿ʼ, ˵̫Ǵ, Ǹղ̫ӵλôȹ, ԾҪʵȹ̡
̫ӵ׳־ʵͬҶ岢޶ϵ, ڰȹԼӡ
ˣ˵ǰݷáʩ˹λճݷʲôҶҲӦĹ, ǰһղնԷİ
ˣҶ̾뵽˹СĻ£ȻʱҶ壬Ѿʲô顣
ʩ˺þò, ǹڡ˿Ҷ¼һ̲ס̾һ
ԼʶҶʱǸտʼ׼, ԭΪֻǴֳɲȴû뵽Ĺ⾰Ѿչģ
ʩȻְߣҲǰ¹˶ܹʩǰ;
Щ̾ǴϻǸ˵ģϾʩɷѧʩܹһɼҲй⡣
˵Цˣÿմ򷢴ʱˡҶ彫ˮԵݸˡ
Ȼ֪˴еĿģǱϾ˻δڣֱܲ
ʩˣҸС׼֮ǰ;úʣó͸ӡ˻£Ѿ߱ϻӹ
ʲôϡ⣬ѽɹ֮ǰȥרʦⱣӣҲҶӵף˽еĽϻҶ巽ơ
˹Ȼ˼ϸ壬С¶ܹǵĸ׵ļֱҪ硣Ҷûֱ£ڿ˳ĵʱҶȷ˴˷ǸģԼ鵽иϢ
Ҷ²ʲôӣǼȻţʮа˾Ѿˡ
ʩ˲ǫ飬ûмĸ׿ԲԼӵġЦּ˵ŮծѽǰСʱóŮͲùˣŮȴֻǲУҪĸ飬Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸͷ
˵ЩԶˣʩ˱Ц
ŮǴ£ȻҪ۾úѡ񡣡Ҷ˷ŵĻҲΪһĸ׵˼
ڸͬҶ庮һʽ˴ΰݷãҶǰ
ߵǰ˽סҶ֣˵˾䡰лл
˾뼫Ҷ嶼δܹ
Ҷ岻֪СĻջķչȴѾжص
ѾǰѮҶӶͲסȣʰȥ˳ǽׯϡ
ׯҶԭιţģΪ̲ţ࣬Ҷԭׯӷòˡ
ΪһֱſϧʱҶ˸Ρ
ˣЩǰɨģҲѾׯϻʲôֱӶׯͷ˵ͿˡĴѾԽܸɣҶȫǴѾһţ󲿷ʱ䶼ͬһչ˺ӡ
ԴӰᵽ֮ҶѾòأȻһиУԭֻγɣ֮ҶӳΪ졣
ҶԣׯӲҰӿҪܹÿϰܲˡ
ȻԼھסլĴլӣҶɽԼҪ˶٤ΪʼվԼԺ󣬵ྰۣԺеĳ˶չׯϲһռع㣬ΧҰһȦǼ˶
Ҷׯֲ˼ֱʩҹԼЩȥ
๫ѾûһˡҶСӱ߿żͯһץ㣬һתͷͿʩվԼ΢ЦؿԼ
ǣҰϣΧϷδȥĺͯ
ʩмʧ
Լڵ죬ӽ
ʧԼڴٴͬӸոճɻʱ֮䲢û
»罺ʱҶ֮ƺֻս
ʱʩжԵʱҶ˲ͷƺûб
뵽ʩЩмȻ񶼲֪ҶΪתô󣬵ԾɸмҶת䡣
Ϊ仯ԴʱܹҶվҰУǣ
ллӡʩվԼͬԼǣֵҶ壬üһǡ
Ҷ䲻֪ʩΪͻȻлԾüӭʩǡ
Ϊׯ̫ʩسǵʱҶ廹вԸ
ʩҲûΪҶ壬֪ǲԸؾúڴׯҲɣ±ôѾȥ߶ΪҵƢǴӦҺúôׯϲҪȥҲǿԵġ
ʩҲܿҶׯסűھҪĺܶ࣬ԲûǿҶؾ
θҵ飬ʩҲ̫һСȻǶĹͣǸ͸ϵ鶼ȥġ
ұ̫ӱƵ·˭Ҳ֪һʲôĶ
ҶһֱׯﷴھҪȫࡣ
ҳˣҶȻ֪ҵҷû뵽ô졣
ԭڻ̰ۣռũͼı̫Ӻ̫ӲڼгޣףǿŮ֮ܺˣܺڸھʹóС̯СʧҶΪЧȮ֮ı˵ĶҩǸҶͽȥġʩ˵ԼЩĽ
һ׮׮һͳͳ̫ѡںʵʱڻʵǰ¶
ھеĶڶ࣬ʱǽθҵԽԽࡣ
ʵѾѺڹнգǸ˻δзӦҽδСĽ
๫һ˻ؾҲҪ෬СĽҶȻֻʩ˵ô䣬ȴҲʩΪ˽Ĳס
ʩĻҶźʵʵׯס˼졣
Ѿܹ˳ʼڴ˵İѧϰܡ
⼸£ҶҲȫܹԼŮʲôȤֻŲ
֮ǰڸĴ£鲻ԸѧϰǷϾڴŵķΧͲˣֻҪ˳԰ֻҪԷһעͻ˳¡
ҶʼΪŮѧǾ۲췢ֶԷǲᣬΪʡʲôɣֻÿι̵ʱһ㡣
Ȼ˵㣬Ƕڽɳ
ҶԭׯαգѾ˰£Ծû뿪
Ϊʩ뿪ĶҶҲʼϸˣׯܹһֱԸ㣬Ҳ浽Ǻ
ʩһֱûйׯѰǸҵ黹ûȫȥ
ֱ٣ҶׯΧشʱڼʱյʩ
ӣؼҡʩǣҶֽ֣Ҷ˱ڻС
鶼ˣ
ʩͷûж˵ʵҵ鲢֮ǰͬҶ˵򵥡
Ϊ֮ĵǻڸѵۣ߹ܺ
һ󳼸ѳֶװҪ췴Ľࡣ
ʵѾϣ˼ƸУԭ꣬ΪʼҵºӣҪһ棬ᷢ䡣
ǳ飬ʵ۱ʮѣҪľеȨ͢дұλεҪ췴ǲϳͣ͢±ضĸ˵һһԼͷҪȡߡ
˸ձȫ϶ͷ̨µ˺Сͽеķ³
֮ǰڳʶΪĸңӻʳгʧҲ


 63 

Ҷӳׯӻ֮㳹׽ʱ, ÿڼп̫ܲãֻҪĻ, ʮݵÿ, , ûһ軨´ħ䡣
ʩһæµ֮Ĭȴࡣ
ʩæµ, ÿϢǰҲͬҶ򵥽, ҪʲôҪ, пֻʩҶջЩЦ, ͬŵµ֪һֺܺóԵĳʳ, ׼Ҷ峢ҶΪ򵥣ͬʩÿ˵ԼδߵĻݲ, ӵճÿʱҲҶӵߣһĿںǡ
ʱʩڻҲˮ
̶һʱʩӺԺƷƷ˿ʩĹ;νһ·ƽ̹
ʩԾɲ, Դġ
Ҷ忴ʩЩ̾һ˵ĳɹҪģʩ˿޵ľӢ
ļȥ, ת֮󣬾ȴʼ꣬µʱδͣЪ, ͢Щ
ⳡĲΧֻоǣھÿδδСʱ򣬻ƺӱÿ춼ܱϮ
ھʵʱ򣬻ʵյƺӱϵķ֪ݵӡ
ƺˮʵۿֽȷеƺˮ
ʩѡΪ˴λƺӵļ๤֮һҪƹܲķźͻƺҪǮպɣɣһȥƺӾڣ֮
ҶʩǰһϣһοʼԺΡ
кԾԭеڣʩλǰƺˮΪ֮ǰϢﲻͨȵʩһ˵ݷΧʱЩѾ
ʩΪˮĵһˣ˿֪½뵽һѾ߿ʼĳС
ʩΪᣬ岢δʲôˣԲܹ̽о֮ȫˡ
ʩµѶȣԭΪֻǻƺˮǾһ׮ˣ͢бȻҪȶ
ڰ˰ӼϢݸ͢˵ʱ򣬳еѸɢղòǣиȾȫֹ߲Ľһɢ
Ҷξ֮һֱزξзŻճǵĳ̫ʵˣҶ޷ܡ
ôԼǰȴû˿취
ӣôˣʩɫ԰׵Ҷżʵ
Ҫ׼ȥƺӸҶʱ岻ʣܹ뿪ǡ
Ҷץסʩ֣ҡͷû£ֻǷűجе龰ŵˡ
ҶȹˮϴƽԼ顣
ȥ鷿ʩ
ʱʩո׼ҹ˴λƺˮľϸڣȴҶ鷿ſڡ
๫˵ˮ߲һҪСġ
ҶԭֻǴѣǿʩŲҴҵӲȷԷǷ˽ȥ
ֱӽԼξ˵˳
ʩɫһ䣬ѯҶһЩϸڣŽŲҴ뿪
ֱ̫ɽʩŴһƣ˻
ѾͬҪ̫ҽһͬǰˣ̫ҽڣһᷢģھаĵһʩְ˼䣬Ҷ˯ȥ
Ҷ˯֮ʩȴȥ˿Ծڳ˯ĺӣҶͬ˵Щξ˼ࡣ
ҶȻξΪɣʩȴ˵ķ顣
ʩĪԼʼҶϵʱ
ҶҲԼȥǿԵʱ仯壬Ȼ֮ͬ
ȻЩƣʩų˯Ҷ壬˿Ҷʲô֪δ顣
°죬ʩŴ¹⣬ԼҡͷҶԼӣ֮ӣܵˣҶǲ֪δ飬Ӧѡ
ʩϴȵ糯֮Ӧͬλ˺λ̫ҽһ·ˡ
һһֱ˰µʱŵƺӾڣǴʱڻƺΣһУʩϵ˵ص֪˽⵱
̫ҽбæµѾʼӣΪոտʼĿǰǿԿסģʩõϢﰲ
ʼͬλһÿŲƺ⡣
ƺʩһеӣʩװʼŲʱһСꡣ
ʩĽչ̫˳һֱڻƺӸ˽һʱ䣬ֱӴӵץ
Ϊʩھӵץ粢ûд죬Ҳ֣̫ӣң¼ԼʩͬŶ
Ҷ廹ȥμСĻСյĻ󲢲ǾжĸŴ󻧣ǼҷȴǺõģǧѡģֻҪС޹ȥ֮ʲô飬Ҳᰲһ
˵ʵҶ岻ôأֻռҶһС֣˼һ⣬Ӧν
Ѿһ࣬˵򵥵ĴӣȻܣ·ȴû⣬ÿվʢҶħƣ
ԭһЩȤĿƬӵעǲû̫ãŮãΪͲСƬԼһ죬ǻ쵰ȴȫ·סһ㣬ÿնҪڸȥ
һµİãÿձѸǰǰһ飬ҿյķţԼȻҪƿ˲Ȱ˵С
һħһ޴С
Ҷʱᵽһְֺ޵һʲôܡ
ÿο޲ýӳȥǰһޣ
ҶԼʵ޷ʱʩʰӻƺӵؽص˾֮С
ɻƺӵ⣬ʩȻֻǸ๤ΪÿŲԵɣԼྭ飬ֻƺˮȶ֮ʩȥѰɣ̾顣
ʩصеһ۱㿴Ҷŭضǰ˵Щʲô¿ȥöһС˺˫ۡ
ˡʩ³Լǰŭǵĸף˵
Ҷ˿ûᣬⲻʩ³һ˵һһϵ
ʩ³վãʽùһѾˣҸ㣬ʵʵվΪз˼Ҷ˵㻹ʶĴôĻûķˣȫĽ
Լʳߣʩ³żˣҴˣ´һĵġʩ³Ǹֿ֮ҶǣˣһֱЦûƭ㡣
Ϊ֤ʵԼ˵ĿŶȣʩ³ָʾ⡣
ҶŰɵؿʩ³һۣȻѾܲǰͨʩ³̬˳ǿϣʵƭ˵ģ
ȻҶ廹ûͷʩѾ׿ƲסԼ飬ҶӺ滷סҶ塣
Ҷ廹ûüУ㿴һϤеջ˶
ӣһˡ
ڻˣҶ仰̲סϿǻ
ʩ뿪һ꣬ҶһֱԼҪ룬˻֮ȴЩƲסԼڶǰ΢Щ
ôˣ˭ôûмʩ³ԼǰʩͻȻðһ䣬ǲǳеǸûмĵ
ʩͷǰҪʩ³ԼУǻδʲôͿʩ³ײײһ˹ȥ
һţһߴ󺰣ããǸֻеĵˣҼˣǻģ
ʩԼյĻɫЩ΢ҶҲԼǰĳ̲סЦ


 64 

ʩĽڷҶ֮ǰרΪɳſƬƴͼ
ʩ³ֻ̧֮ͷһ, ּԼеĿƬ
ˣúǺĵʩ³ո경Ϣδƽ, ȲͬԼ÷ոյõϢ
Һÿ𣿡ʩĽܸӵһ, Ȼ˲, ǲǴѾα, ꡣÿμȻֿ, Ҳһϰ, ÿԼʶ˶ʶԷô
ÿİɣܸߵǺڣʩ³նۡ
ʩĽϲ׾, ʩ³Ļ, ӲԸ⶯ֻɳϼеƴͼҵ
ԺֻʣҶʩˡ
ʩǣҶ, ԰ɢ뵽Լջؼʱĳ棬̲סʵǺôˣǴʲô𣿡
ʩỹãһʩ³, ҶԭѾȥĻð˳
СӾǸС쵰ѵͲԣҶһ˵Ǳʩ³ĥÿɲԣʩȻҪú²һ㷢ŭ
ʩ³Ǻ, ͬΣѾ³ӣƫ, ÿԺҵ֮󶼻ȥѾǰŽ̲ġεأֱӴԺץһŵ˺ˮĲ豭У˵Ҫٲ̣ܽ˭֪Сӻʲôӡ
ʩԭʱϻЦ⣬ҶĻ֮ɫȴȥ
Ҷ˵һ㣬ȷʵọ̇̄ܽ˶˵꿴ϣһֱźӳⲻǰǺ
һˣպڼһʩ³ϼӹ̡ܽʩŸոԶСӣ˵
ҶȴЩᣬСܽʱҪעִ硣
֪ģӷģŮأôҲ
ŮʩĽҶȻҲ໰Ҫ˵ŮžţžվţûмʩҪѰ棬ҪȵԷˡ
ʩŮ̬Ҫ࣬ûΪʩĽϰ߶ʲôۣЩ֮֮˼
ʩոջӶ䲻ϤҶʩճʱһ˶ʩϤ
ѪԵԣյĹʩѾʩĽ̸ˡ
˹һ£ȫֳȫͬģ
ʩĽʩʮǣֻҪڼпʩ޲ʩ͸÷ֿһӣʩҲֵݣʩĽʮСӦ
ʩ³ȫ̬ͬȣʩ³ʩȫ󿴵èʩע⵽Լ
ǲò˵ʩӻгɹģʩ³Ҳûŵˮ顣
ӻƺӵش֮ʩӻ˹ÿտǰˮľ飬ĥ¡
ʩ³ʩĽʩĽ̵ӶЩı䣬ҶͼʶֵĿƬҲһεǳ
Ӱйȥʱ򣬳͢ӭÿһεĹԱ
ճڽ뺲Ժ֮󣬹ԱӦ١
ʩӺԺٴӻոյҲ֪һεĿˣʩ᲻ᱻŵء
Ҷĺ˼ûõģʩһӷԸ״̬ԲھлųȥһΪ͢Ч
ĩһεĿʩûھУǱŵأ꣬ٴβμӿ
Ҷʩ㿪ʼ׼ң͢µޣʩϵ֪
ʩԭӸ·;ۣջҶȰ˵¸ı⡣
ӵĳɳУǸȱٵĽɫʱӵı仯Ҷһ㡣
ҲʩҶ壬뿴ʩʱԣǶȴʶĳ档
һĿջǾͬ·
ʩ˵ֻ꣬ܲؾ˭֪
Ϊĺӣ·ٶȲ죬ĳҶʩŴźȥŷ硣
·г̿ʩĽ˵ͣϾԭӰǶʩ³˵ϵӼֱϼӿࡣ
Ȼ·ǰʩõ򣬶רŽи죬ͼﵽ̶ȵʣԾ಻㡣
ռٴҲ޵ģʩ³öһֱñ
Ȼʩ³˵ģѰʱʩȻϿʼ̵־
ÿһСΣǱͲԻ⡣
ʩ³ֱϢѣ޿κ֮£ʩ³ֻʵʵʩĻʼѧϰ
ʩ³ʼûҪǺƺûз־飬ֻη֮֮һѧϰ
ҡҡλµʱ䣬һڽ뵽ء
뵽֮ʩżˣӶŮһ˳ĿջУ׼ڴգ뵱ظϵϵĽӡ
û뵽ǣոסջĵһ죬صĵͷߡ
Ϊʩ³֮ǰϱ̫ã֮Ҷÿаʱȥˣʱ䣬ȻҪҶʩͬ²
һҶǴӾʲôģջСʩ³һ˴Ӷ¥ķӭȥ
ʵָܹһС׳ʲôһ֮ϲء
ҵ˵ҼǴٴġʩ³شںһҲʲô𰸡
ʩ³վ¥ݿڣŸĸó
ԭǴһĿһģʩĽԼյ·Ưȥѡ·ʩ³ȲסˣԲŴ¥͵͵
ǼŸĸ֮ǰĶֻʵʵڿջУûгȥܡ
Ȼʩ³ЩûʲôôСĴ磬Ҳ֪ǸǮ˼ҵĺӡ
һ˳ȥ֮󣬵СһһֱڿջεˣĸҶ󣬿˵Ļ켣
Լĵ˿ջԺֵ˵ƹģǸǮģȻʲôģǲ⿴ӵĴ֪Ҳơ
ƹ̧ͷ˵Сһۣ˵ţȥӣǧܴݾߡ
ƹģ׵ģȻزѲƤǲܵġСǸˣʮʹӦлⵥɹԼֵܹ١
ŵСεƹüͷһ䣬ӳ͢·ŵ֪ҪˣҽŵƤ©˷СĹ
Сͷɫ֪˿ûнƹĶ
ÿһ֪أ󲻶޿κλͬôǾ֪ƬϷʲôˡ
ʩ֪Ѿ鷳ҵδ֪ͷϣʱѡķһֱʩеʩĽʱʱԼ󷽿ȥ
ʩԭΪԼŮǿʲôѯʼûеõרΪҶ
ˣӺʩĽʩĻе˵һ䡣
ʩĽͻСʩҲ֪仰Ǽ٣Ͼ٣ʩĽҲпܵģԾѡʩĽ
ʩ֮ŮļֽһֱǿԼ·ʩ³ڻУûлͷּ˼׻Ⱥ֮С


 65 

ʩ߽һеľ¥, רҪ˶¥ϷŽСķ¡
ոôע⵽˸ǵģʩԼʵʵʩĽʵ
Ǵӿջ֮Ǹ˾һֱǺ, ܵȥ, ĿҺ͸硣Сӵĸ֪, һ֪ûʲô⣬ʩĽŻѡСͬʩ˵
, µġʩŮ±ڻ, ԾԼ, ˸߲ҵʩ³û˵
ʩԭ, ڿջϢ֮ϵظõ˽нӡ
Ϊȴ, ҲҪҳ
ʩ³⼸ûע⵽ʲôֵ⣿ʩ, ǾһԼӡ
ȻʩĽ˵Ǵӿջ֮һֱţͶˡ
ʩ³ԼСüͷ룬ջҡͷ
֪ˣ극, ǾͻؿջϢʩİ
ʩ³ȻķտһԼĸ׺ãֻĥĥܵҶߣʵʵԼķ
ҶʩԾʱʱȥ, 洦ǴӲԶ
죬ʩʩ³˵ȥ԰Ϸ, ȥˣ
ʩ³û˼ѡǼҾջȽԶˣ
ʩͬʩ³г̣ȥԱԾѡ·Ůҡͷյĳдλ
ʩĽȻ̫ϲ˶ĵطǼȻѾ˵ˣҲûд㷴ԡ
һٴĳţг̽Զһֱǵ˺ܴġ
ջѾҶ˺üˣڵһûе֣⼸ĸȫڿջҲûҵʵʱܲڿջֱӽ͵ˣǿջҲˡ
ڿջ׼ѡ͵Ϯʱεˣ֮Уһθϣ
ջɳˣ׼Ӷʩܹһʵļ۸ȻƽصĸߣòǮԼĺӣȥҲǿԵġ
ѾΣ㵽ʱĸȥ٣Ҳǲ֮Ϊعٸͬһˡ
Ȼѣ֪ҪΣΪѾϰ·˲ûжĸı䡣
˸Ҷȥˣ֮һİţҲ𽥸ȥ
ˣΧ˺ܶ࣬һʩ㱧źӻȺУջеһҪʩĶһ߻ҪСʩ֣ȺиӴ粽С
ò״ӿȺۿҪʩԽԽʩҶ˺ˣӴԼĻзŵϣ׼һĿǣһߡ
ڸٺܳʱ˵һʱǻδȵж㱻˴Ӻûͷ޶
˭ģ˱һˮѣΰϣΧơƲл谵ĹչԾûжϳԼ
ǲǵһ˰ɣǱ˭Ϳջһģʩûи˷Ӧʱ䣬Ӷʳ
ЩûйϵȰ㾡ǷˣǾ͵ŵùɣٵȫ壬ʼʩŴ󻰡
ǹͿջеһġʩ϶㲻һ֮ҲȻʲôΪ֪Ľס
񣬱ץסڸģץǼ𣿡ʩʵ˵أ˽شʱʵ״Ϊȱڡ
˭֪Ƕʩʻֱ֮ӹЦҿڳԵ 㵹ȥѽұ٣ҿ϶Ҳ߲ء
˻֮һּ˵ʵɣȰ㻹СЩãԼ֪Լôġ
ʩɫոܹô˵أȻöѾˡ
ʩûỹ󺿽еˣֱð˰ĸԼŲҴһ˿ջ
һƬңұ뾡ΣеĹԱһţպҲҪСһЩʩлдŭ
ʩһֱֻĵطգٴμһ棬ܲټóʲôõϢ
ǲǺˣǷˣ͸˵ˣҪǣǶǺãǶѽȰǿšʱҲǱտǶĿȻ죬ȴ˿ûлڸ֮⣬Լܹʲô飬˻ڴʴʣҪѹʩʩշǡ
λôôţĲҲȥ𣿡ʩ˴βδԾɵš
ֻ˿еõ㹻࣬õϢʩܸõչ֮Ĺù
ʩ仰˶һۣе񣬲ܿǿ侲
㲻ҵģôɱǣǿΪҰµģȻ΢ɱǣҶȻŹǡΪƸʤЦԴ֤Լ˵ʵԡ
غöҪҷԸʩյԵؼȥ
ǣʲôҸҾصʵֻۣҵķԸܺúûšһ˵ңٴֺ
Ҹ㣬ؾҵģҿҹܼҵĶӣȰЩƣõʱڶ
ʩͷֶһֱվһԼ¼İʵ˵Ļ𣿡
ˡԼոдµݣ潫䱣
ȻǾ߰ɣ˼Եĺȵͣ벻˰ɡ
ʩ˦˦ӽ
Լصջ˷֮е֤飬һĿڹá
еʦүԼصĻţֱ߷Ȳ裬һƬеģ
ʱʦүҲĥε֪˵׻Ǻģ
ظеʦүѾʮʱˣڼһٹԱ
еʱ׳־ǰȥ˿ûԱΪ֮ͨйϵ뿪ء
һЩص֮󣬻̹ᣬһֱ
Ҳ֪ε֪һˡ
ʦүѾˣʵûж˼ڸõϣղĥԼһӸ˳ԼӦȥ
ʦү۾Լ֮ǰϢε֪һ״Ԫɣ˵֮Ƶһǰ³衣
ֻǲ֪˳޵ǰ³֮ɺģ־ͬۡ
ڸı״ʦүӲλ֪ܹɹԹ۽ʮܹ꣬ؽҵ
ѿʵѾǶʮˣҪγô׵顣
֪εǹƥһֱ񻹲ӰʦүԽԽãιҲͬ۵һ
ʦүʦү֪ˣ
ʦү۾Ҫ˯ȥʱһֱվĲͷ
ʦүлûгѹŶߴӻ֣СЩʲô֪֮ˣ𣿡
˵ʦү۾ŲͷԼǰĹӡ鳹ѹ
֪˵ˣô˵죬ҹȥʦүæҵشԼĹñŲͷȥõǰ
¹ٵĹȻ֪ѵеʦүԼȻʩ಻мȴһƬ
ͬʩ֮ø֮е˴ʩ֮լӣպʩרסˡ
ڸǰ칫Լլӡ
ʦүˡʩһ·ûʲôɫ仯ǿѾݵĸúլӡ
ʦү̽ʩ뷨ֻܻһЩģ˳ȥ
Ҷ忴լӵľסüͷ
լӿǳδסģһε֪뿪ãܽլӻ߳
լӡҶ忴ŷϵӲ̲ס̾һ䡣
һ֪綡ǣض֮լҲסɡ
֪ǣôû油ĹԱ
油Աرˡʩ򵥽͵
լ಻ãǼȻѾȷպҪ꣬ȻҪúöԴ
ҶԸһ˷ͷж
ȥпûкʵ߽ˣ޲ʣʼ䣬ٽҪﰲС


 66 

ʩ֮ĵڶ㿪ʼʽæµ, Ϊ֮ǰ̬ЩſĶˣʩһֱұһ΢̬ȡ
ĥҵʵʱ俴ܷϵ̽һҵĵϸ
ҶҲæµʱ, ֮ǰլ̫, Ȼסһĸо, ҶΪӵĽլⶼûзŹ, ״һ
ճһСƬԺ, ö˵רֳء
ҶԼǰֳ׶԰Ļ, ΰȶ, רľͼ, ĥ˰²Žյͼֽȷ
Ҷ֮ǰĳƷͼɫҲûҵʵ, ֻη
Ҳ㹻ʩ³СӻˣʩĽʵƬֳÿʱ, ʱǧϷ
Ҷ忴ʩĽʲôҲĵӣĥԼǲӦΪʩĽѰҵȤ黭֮ģڿһ, ܲÿնɢɢģ
ҶŮĽΪüʵУͱʩʩĽͺСͣٵȻ, ֻ塣
ʩĽĿǰȤʱڣϾֻҪŶԾͿԣʡ١
ʩ³ԴӵõƬСֳ֮󣬼ֱˮÿչ涨Ķʱ䣬޲סֳٳ
ҶںԺеӹûȤʩصĹȴûôչ
βգʩ㷢Լʦүϵģ˵ʦүʲôɣ־ʲô鶼޲õ
ʩԭżصľʦү̬Ȼ㲻źŸɣʦү̬Ϊ鷳
Ǹڶֻ࣬ʦүһѾæиСӣʦүѧϼ죬Ȼʦүв٣˷æʩŰߵʦүǰֱ˵
ʦүҲ֪ʩ˷ڶﲻȻ׼վʩߣʵǲģʩ˵ʦүҲþܾ
ʦү´һ۰һεı飬¹ٴӣȷʵӦˣȻ˲¹ޱ¹ȻԸġ
ʩ䲻ʦү򽻵ԼҲʦү⸮бĸΪá
ʦүҲԼ̫˴ӦʩŵҪ֮¶ʩŴѾΣ֪࣬Щ˸磬֪Σ
صˣʩһ䡣
ǵģеңңҶطңεҲҵҪ˷ܣ֪˿пУʦүֲһ䣬طҶʮ꣬Ϊ˽⡣
ʩ֮һֱᣬȻܾܾ̬ȻҪС
ʩüͷּʵǿ˵ʲôʱ䣿ʲôص㣿
ڴ͸
֪ˡ
ʩ䵭ػӦһ䣬ʦү֮Լǰȥ칫
رƿأֱЦ֮
һ򶼴ĩ͢þȻƿأôЦϢ˾Ȼһ㶼֪صϢжô
ڶʩãʦүصĻʦүԣʩǵǰȥ֮󣬻ʵʵȥ
գܹطҵˣٶЩϵʩҪģЩŵ𽥷ֽ⣬Żָת
ʩ˺á͸гʮ֣ȿڵҴ١
ҼѸߣ󲿷ֶҴ⣬ԱߵҺȫ̸ҵĽŲಽϯϻһЩС壬Ҳǲ̬ȣƺҵķԸ
Ϊǵһμ棬λүҲǸܶӵˣ˲δʲô֮ʡ
ʩ˱һӾ֮⣬Ҳû顣
ϯϻʩһֱԼ֮Ժˣ˷ηһμǡ
ε֪ˣңٸʩи̲ס
ˣˣҿ˵Ҳ֪ʩʵ
Ҫʲôһһؿʩ
ûЩʲôϾǻЩôֻǿջƽնôģǴֵܹǮʩһЦƵʵ
˶һۣ˭ûпڣǲ֪Ľ᲻ȫҶȻŹǶˡ
˵Ҳǡʩһܺ˵ӣ˽˻һηǷз̾ߡ
ɣϲĸĸϲҿΪѡ
ǰ˿βȻ֮ǰΪ̬ȿ˵ңǽ쿴˵̬ȷʵǶĹ
Ȼȴûа취ſ죬ôһַ
ȻλûģΪλѡͱӰɣ򵥵ġ
ʩ˵꣬׼ˮŵһԣԼӿ˿
ñ˦Ӻ̫ãλԶ֣ﻥΣǵÿһ¶ҪѪѪ֮ﻹˮöλúܡȻǶλǲԸ֣Ҳ⣬һѡ
Ȼϲ£Ӳ˱Ѿסˡ
˵ʲô˵
ˣʼҸģǸɽͷˣҲʮתˣǳΪ֮Ҳûиı硣
ɽͷ˵ʱǿٲƽٻÿСŮרü˳𲻹ǾֱӽеˡΪͷҽתƵ˵¡
֮ǰסǸջԼġѿջôΪҪǮϵ
˴֪һֱڿջ⣬ǿջ϶Զ˶ڿջȷѡԼ͵͵ţһжˣѡǰȥĵطթһѣŮ˺Сð죬ֱӽߣżй˻Լȥ
صŴһʼͺۣͬԱ˼ҼǱҲ鲻ġֻ֣Ժܹ֡
ǷűԼϵʹ̫ǿңҲ˲˼ԼȥԺ᲻
Ϊǿھˡ
ʩ߳Σŵµ⣬ġ
϶żҪҳһʵͻƿڡ
ô̼ңܲÿһҶҵĲһ£ػԽô˵Ļռ϶ԽСÿһҶû˿Թԡ
ʩ߻ؼʱҶͬʩĽ壬˴Żɫͬһţ˼ɫòʮơ
ʩĻ̌ͷԼ׻ʶҪĻ꣬ǱʩֹֻίίصԼϣһ˫۾Ͱ͵ؿʩ
Ҷ嵹һۿʩʱܾԭ򣬶˫ۺҪ޵ŮţʩĽȥֳʩ³
๫ˡҶ忴ʩϵѪʩǣ֣ȥｫٷ£ϱ¡
ʩǰҶ΢Ц̲סס¾ĬһƬá
Ҷ岻֪ʩڸзʲô飬ǼȻ·Ѫδɢľζزʲôرõľ
ӣ˾һЩ㻹Ҫáʩ뵽η˵ĻֶҶ嶣
ԲӣҰʱ䣬һس棬ȥȥʲôʲô
ӾǵأҶƺһֱҪ׳ţʩҲЩѹԼӲҪ׳ţ³֮˶ϣ˵ɷû
๫๫Ҫʲôȥù˼ˣԶ󡣡
Ҷʩļ򣬵


 67 

ʩԺ˼ڹ, úլǰҶͬʩʱԽԽ١
ʼʱʩÿռһĿһ, ǲ֪ʲôʱ, ʩʱԽԽ, ĸ˱ˡ
ʼӻֹʩͲϺúóԷ, ǺҲ֪Ϊʩ̸, ΪѾϰ, ˱㳹ƽ, ûʩԾɻʵʵԼķ˳ꡣ
ʩæµûֹͣ, ʼͬеÿһ̼Էͼڷҵÿһҵ㡣
ͬʱ̫Ӻͻʵ, ڵ˼ǹܹ׽ҡ
, ҪĻ⣬úܶͶ
ʼһ£ʩͬÿһ˽⣬ûҵκڵ㡣
ԭеʦү, ڽ󲿷ֹ֮Լױڸϵһٷʩİ칫
ʦү, ǰЩӺ˸ӣǹϲˣ˵ż´󣬾ܿ治ʦүĺӣôСزټжڰĽʦүĺøһɢֵǰʩߵʦүǰйϲ
ޣǼµСֵĽأǴ˼жŮ˫ȫҴ˺øʦүɫͬʩѡ
ȴκˡ
ʩô˵һԭģһ֪Ҳڰе⣬ԲŻԼճΪвѡ
صеʦүɫɷףһԽ˶Σû˿ķӦ
ڶһ磬ʩʦүҹżз纮岻ʣ㵱ֵϢ
ֹգʦү壬ٴá
һʦүʱʱʩò⡣
ɫ䰵ʦүںվߵʩߣ¹Ҫϱ
ʦүԼʮ֪ҵ¼ȫȫұʾԼպԶʩĲǲΪʩ¡
ʦүֱ˵ļ룬ʩĲ鰸ȻǺõģʩȴţʦүܽƾԼ֮ǰǾ仰ôľ
Ȼʦү˵ȥ
ʹˣΪó͢첻˼飬պϣܹûйҲп͵ķϣܼзŴ
Ͼ˵Ȼܰ׼ûоȥäĿԸ
ʦүʩʱҪ󣬲ǶҪһر֤ˡ
ʩûΪܿӦ
ҵ飬Ϊʦүļ룬ʩѹµĽչ
ʩһСҵһҷŮӣһ֤ݡ
֮лҲС˵꣬һشչ
һ켴ٵʱʩңҺΪҸŮ̧۵ľ󲿷֤ݣ֮ǰʵľҲʽء
ʩʽʵʩץʱǸϡҹͲʩĶ׼תƣΪʩĶ̫죬֤㹻˻ûӹɵ𷣣ȫѺη֮Уն
ݺʮһϦ̨һֱಽҺҲûеõõĽܵӦеĳͷƲá
صĴ֮ʩ
ҵ̨֮ǰ̧ڻָصİǶ֪ʩΪĺ£ѾսԼгԲ߲͵á
Щʩ˼ոտɵĺӣӵ֮·͵֮С
٣ʩҶ֮ͤУԺڷӣÿ϶Цݡ
ӣˣպضǰȫģȥﶼ֪ΣաʩǣҶ֣һһ˵ҵĳŵˣлһֱҵš
๫˵ʲôɵҷޱһ壬Ҳָȥ˭๫ģۺʱҺͺԶվ๫˭޷ɢǡ
Ҷסʩ˵
вûʲôش鷢ʩ³ʩĽֵҪɵʱΪһֱδҵʵʩԸɡ
ʩ³Լÿնˮ֮Уÿһһ侲ʩĽͶԼһֱֹ̬ȵҶ壬ʩ³Լ˵κλ
ڹúܿ죬һʩ㱻ʵ۵һֽگٻؾǣδ䡣
ȥʱʩרʵ۸һµļڣ׼ؼҿ
ٴĴһҶʮǰǰ㣬ڵľïʢмţһ̸һæԼе顣
ʩһٴĵؽܵ˴Ĺעʩ˻ڳУǿźһ̾µô粽С
ڵ·룬˿ûнչϵʩ³ҲһֱҪ͸磬˱׼ֱ³
ʩոձʩ³̽ͷ
ֱĽк죡ȥ֪ͨʩ壬ˣǴĴٻˣһϲ£
ٵ˻ڴٴһ飬ʶĲʶģһķ򼷣һ߼һߴʩԼѯʩǷ񻹼ǵԼ
ʩ³ԭȤǿֳ棬ֻʵʵʩĻһԲ
ĳĬûħצԾвʶͼҿ˵ԼʩҵʲôʲôݣһֱʩߵİţҲЩסѾˣֲٴλصϡ
ֳһֱ峤ʩʩĸ໥ų׵õơ
ТδңڼܿˣʩԶԶĸĸѾˮ
ڴڵ˲ʱߵʩҵլӡ
ʱʩѾҶ뿪ǰͬˡ
ļש߷ڼ׵᷿һ㹻ס¡ʩԺʰøɸɾվԺлųѾƵܹĳЩһԽԽõġ
ϱҲΪϱ֮ǰӣڴﶼòҶӳϢˣ״Ԫɣ֪ƽû˸ǰ˵Щʲô̫үǰҲǿͿġʩĸŶδʩ໰ҪʣЩ˵
ĸӶ໥οһǳƽ
³Ľүү̡ʩӺ
ʩ³ʩĽȻûмٴˣԿΪһӸ׵Ļʵʵߵǰȥˡ
ͷ̥һſֱӱҶĸ§ڻĸĸεĽţȫԼŻͬӱͷʹ޵顣
лҪ˵֪ûиоҪϢ
ƻһֱĴ֣ϸ

 68 

ʩ³ʩĽڴٴνˮ
Ư, ҲʩʩĸܰһţÿλǴʳ
ʩĽ, ϾǸ, ԼԾܾүү̵Ҫ, İڼҴš
ʩ³ÿҲúܿģΪϲ, ÿն޲òż, 㸸ʩżҪͷ, ߻үү̻, ʩ³ʮֵ⡣
Ҵﻹ, ʩ³ԼҵĸܵãһҲʮ֡
˴ʩʩҵһ, ɩŮҪɻˡ
зɩ죬ķ˶úʣټзг, ߵļһЩԭĻڱǰǡʩؼ⼸ա
ҶԴɩŮʵӡ󲢲̣ܹ, ʱһҪӡ
ҺҶ˴λؾ٣ҲܹóõΪױ
˴ʩؼҵȻûдϼ죬гȴʮæµ
ٴĴǴǮΪʩ˽ʿ, ڴúףһ
ʩרȥãݷ
ʩæµʱҶҲûʩСüһ档
ʩСóɻӹòѾˣ˵࣬ʩСõɷ䲻˵ǴһһжܹʩСõĹġ
ɩĺҲ𽥳󣬴ɩһŮ֮Ҫӣһ꣬һ꣬ǵƤʱʩ³֮ҲԸһ
Ϊʩ˴λؾ֮󣬻֪һλʲôʱʩһ֮󣬾ǰӵּס
Ȼûʮ꣬ӿûκġ
ʩʵһµļڣܹڼҵӲ죬ʱһҪξǣеİ񻹵ء
ȵҶһ˴Ӵٴص֮ȴԭľѾݻƣ١
ҶӶڸ·жȹ»صǣŻȻԭѾ˴꣬һҪ붬ˡ
ʩؾ֮ȥʹ֮дһŻظʽͶ뵽˴µĹС
ʩ³ʩĽҲҪµʦн̵
ԭʩ׼ʩ³ͽеѧ֮УʩĽڼҸŮʦʽʼѧϰٺͻ
ʩ³ȥѧѧ֮ҶʩȲѽӽӻؼУҸʵʦ̵
ʩ³ѧǴʦĻΪʦ˵òԣ֮ѧõʦҵʩ˵²ѧǳʵڲ̵ӣʩɡ
ѧõʦʮӲʩҶĳֱ뿪ʩҡ
Ҷʩ³Ͱ͵֮˽һԭί˲ԼҲǣҲǣʩ³Ǹίġ
޷ֻΪʩ³Ѱʦ
ջ̫ʩ飬Ϊʩһλ;־Ľʿʩͬ˼һ֮ӵʦȷ
Ѿλ̫ϻʵ˼ˡڱ¹ٵ󲻾õһϣʩӴµֵ󣬶Ҷ˵
ôͻȻ뵽λʩǰԽԽó裬Ǳ뷨֪Ҳ֡
ȥ궬죬һ󲡣Ȼͦ˹廹ǱĿաԭʱ̫ӼЩģѾ׷ˣ˼ˡʩ͵׼λ֮ӹҪæµһ
ǱϾλ鵱»Ҫ˼һղʲô
ǻδȵ½Լλ鰲źãһ纮ֱӲˡ
ʵ۲ʱѮ̫̫ҽȫư֮󣬱Ծûаȥ׵·ݡ
ʵۼݱٳһ겻ɻޣ̫µۼλŵۡ
Ϊ˼ȵۣ۲ûеһʱ佫Ÿı䣬ǵȵڶ괺ųƵԪꡣ
µۼλжȱʩӴһεΪɣپƷ
ƷǳйԱһſֻгΪƷܹ֮Ϊ뵽ȨĺȦӡ
ʩӺԺɣʱ䡣
ƷƷڳûмܹ
ʩĹְԽԽߣҶ˼ҲԽԽƽȡ
ǰʩ³ʩĽиָ⣬ѰİԽԽ£ԵҶĸ׵¡
ӣȥׯϴΣʩעҶҲɢԼ飬Ҷ˵
ҶҡҡͷȥׯϣҲûʲô˼
ھʩæŹ񣬺æѧҵǵׯϲҲԾ״̬
Ҷ뵽ǰԼ
ʱôĵʱææµµطչԼҵ
̲ӯѾһˣ׬ǮҲûôˡ
˵ͬһȥׯϡʩ˵仰֮Щ˼
Ҷ۾๫˵ģһȥׯϣֻˣ
ӼȻھĲȥׯߣﲢæѾͬѾͬ⣬ͿΡ
֪бҶ˷ЩھȷʵûзʲôĶׯϾͲһˡ
ֻʩ˵ԼᣬѾûˡ
һֱڳæµδܹ˼ӵĴΪյİŶ˵㡣ʩסҶҪ˵ĴѭѭյǰЩӻʵ۱һȪׯӣո˲úãβȥΣ
ȪׯӣҶˣʩһڼ̶˵Ȼ๫ңȻ๫μƻôϸΪӲӺЩ˵ȥұΪѴӦ๫ˡ
ҶǣкŴѾʰȥȪׯϳԺ֡
ԼʩĻ˳ȥױ̨ǰ׼ʵױݡ
ʩҶһӣԼϵЦҲƲס
ԼͬҶһξȻѾʮĹʮ䣬Ҷƺһ£Ծģ˿䡣
ӣպֲģ߲֪ʲôʱֱұãΪ๫һαԼԶġʩߵҶױ̨ϵΪ췢
Ҷ忴һۣһʩӹиʱ䱦ר̽ȥΪġ
Цſеʩ
ʮʩϵԽԽϳ˵ԣֻǼ򵥵췢ҶҲʩ
ڶһ磬ʩ㱻ҶƳţ˵ǽյױҪʩһϲڷеȺ
Ҷ˴ױʱ䲢ʩԭΪῴױȫҶ壬һȥȴ˲ˡ
Ҷױݲǲʩ죬ͷֻһֻ򵥵ľš
ʩľȴᣬ֧ľҶ廳ʱԼĵһԭΪǾôΰң֧ľѾ֪ȥ򣬿û뵽һμˡ
๫ʮһֱڣҲϣÿһʮ궼һ㡣Ҷ΢΢ͷʩ˵仰ʱȴǰԼϻеϵͳʱϵͳ˵Ǳʶѡ
ʮȥѡûдڡ
Ӻ񰮣ֻԸ䡣ʩҶαԼУķ䣬Ӧ


 69 

ʮ, Ѿʮʩ³ʽʼ³ƾ١
ʮʩ³ͣ˿Ĵԭǰʩ³ѾҪ³ʼˣʩʼվûЩ, ѹ, ׼ʩ³³ƿ
ʩ³ڿм, ʮ٣뿪ȥٴ, ʩ³Ժ뽾, Լһһܹһ, ȡذ, СԪС
ϧ, ʵȴһԽ, һֱСȥŰΣԭΪȡðѾȡһ㷢ԼСһŵ˻
ôô⸱ӣѲذײңʩ³˵һ仰ʱȫȻǲţ֮ǰĲ, ذô᲻أ
үǵڶС˵֮͵͵ʩ³һֱ߶šˣο϶Ҫùˣ
ʩ³Ϣ֮, δǰ˵ķƢԭλϣز֪Щʲô
Ƭ̧֮ͷС, ȷոûпǵڶôأʩ³ǲԸԼϢǰС˵ıͶһڸذײǱˡ
ʩ³Դһ󹧺صȴʮƮʲôǿͬ˸صٴ塣
ʩʩĸȻ֪Ϊʲôʩ³ѾȴԾɲģǿʩ³һձһŬʩʩĸ˿ۣΪЩʳҲûʲôõİ취
ϾӶǺ£ܲŲ˿̿ࡣ
ʩܿʹż֮е֪ʩĽذʧ飬Դûж˵ʲôŸʩ³дһǵһǡ
żҶ岢ܹ֮ͨиоʩ³̬ࡣ
ΪʧԵ˾һأʩ³ϽڵԸԳ
֮һ¡ȫһŸ״Ԫļѻ
ʩ³״Ԫɳɹ뺲ԺʱʩĹְһα䶯ˡ
һƷة̫࣬ٱµ۸ʮһΪ͢Чƺˮʹðհҵش˷Ϊж
ҶҲڲͣæµΪŮ࿴ɻ
ʽ࿴ǰҶרҵѯ
ʩĽԴֻһ̬ȡúÿͿԡ
ʩ³߰˵࣬硰Ӳ̫ͣƤҪ𪣬ͷҪ˳̫֣ƢҪáҶʼʩ³ȡһЩõʩ³˵ôϸֲ֪ȥˡ
ӣңǲϲĹˣ˵ôϸ϶ϲĹɣֱӸ˭ҵĹȥܱÿ졣Ҷ忴ʩ³ʩ³Լ𰸡
ʩ³ķӦǴԩ˵Ҫҽϸһ㣬ôˣ
ҶķΪʩ³֮ͻȻ򣬶Ů˵ʵһġúÿУ
ĽأóúÿʲôģٸӣúΪҡҶ忴ŰͻŮʵ
ͦõġʩĽҲ̻ش
ҶЦֻ⳯ôһˣѾˣҵġ
Ů룬ȥæĻ°ɡһĸ¡
Ҷԭȸ㶨ŮĻ£ʩĽһֹˮӣҶܴ
ҶССѾǾˣɼҵѾ˹ɼʩҲӦÿ˲ǣʩ³ڿо˻ؾ·ϣѾ˿ʼﰵʩ³Ļ¡
Ҷܿͬʩ³Ҫ׼ʱ˵˻£ҲҪȵʩ³нʿ֮
Ҷ߻ûΪʩ³ĻҵʵѡǷʩĽԼ˹
˵еˣҶ۾ŵʵ
ʩĽ˼䲻ϲţһҪÿѡҶԭΪҪһ򣬲ΪʩĽѡʵѡû뵽ʩĽȻȹ
˭ҵģ￴ģʲôסҷôҶֻʩĽԼش
ЩôشҲ֪ôѽʩĽţΪ̫һʱЩա
ҵĴҵĴ㽫֪Щ˵ٰҶʩĽЩп
ԭôһСޣҲȢ׵ʱ˸п
ڳпģϴҲǰȥ̲꿴˿𣿻··̣ȥ濴ûкʵףû뵽Һͬϰ˵죬յǵģӦΪ˻ԶʩĽԼѾϢһһʮظ֪Ҷ塣
ֻ˷Ҷ壬˵Լ˵ĵһӡ󣬲ûн̸ʩĽҲ֪ԷΡ
ǶԷƷпɣŮ޸ɲʩĽץҶӣһСŮ̬
ģֻҪԷû⣬һж˵˵㿴ֲŮõҸĶ𣿡
Ҳ˵Ҫҵʱû⣬ϣܰȰȰҵ
ҶͷӦ
һ괺ǣ๫еæˡҶ忴鷿æµʩ˵
æڣڽĿƾзһӣǶͽġʩϵһݴõзš
Ȼ˼ңǾȥԣҲҪʱָ˼ҲУʦǰ׵ƽ׬˼һʦɣҶȤ
ҶĻʩҪͽľĸӼᶨһЩ
ҶҲͬʩ˵ԼŮ飬ʩ˵һ˽Է֮һ㡣
ʱǻԵɺϡ
ʩҪͽ˾ʩĽмˡ
ҶЩ̾лЩ΢Ϊôôԭеڡ
ԭڲһƣиĸǹũһƬׯ԰ò㸻ԣҲ㰲ʮˣвδ䡣
֮ķչһֱ˳ʩΪʦʩĽ»ԼţԼڵ֮㽫ʽճ
ŮĻѾǶӵĻ»û䡣
ʩ³ڼұչعԣҶ岻ôţֻԼźʵᣬȥûкĹѡ
첻ˣҶ峤ôҵһȫʩ³֮ǰ˵ˡ
˼ҵŮ㡣
Ҷ׼ʱͬ˽̸һֻԭ֮ǰһֱ游ݳ׵ؾһӲ³ھǡ
Ҷͬɽ̸δԼĶϱ
֮Ҷ¹ΰʩĽԼ彫뵽Լ顣
ͬʱʽס
ʩҶھзʩ³ſ˵Ļ쳣˳
ֻʩ³ƾٹ¡
ĩƾٿϣʩ³ϲ״Ԫ̽
ʩ³Ļ¶ʩĽĻڰ¡
Ȼĸµʱ䣬ǻޱϾǴ£һҶһֱææµµǶȢϱŮޣÿһҶ嶼ľ
Ů죬Ҷ忿ʩļϣģʩôҲֹס
Ӳ˵ǣĽɻ鲻һ۰ʩץҶּᶨ˵ĽɷԴ֮˱һˣһ๫ȻҲ롣ұȽ̰ģҪӵⱲӣ±ӣ±ӣϣܹӡ
ȫ
лҪ˵

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ
