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==================

 1 

ɺˣ־Ǹ
ȻɺԶжŲ궬죬ʲô˸˷ĵأǶˣ󲮺ʹĸЩҲܺǵԼС
ѵɺֻС˵гΨһһ඾ҩ̱ӵĳ
ɺΪ纮գ泱죬вͣ˵źĵܵԶԶĽŲɺһ飬ŵܾܵһ׳̡
͸Ǹû뵽һӵĴȻʳиϽɺ׷ȥ
ɺܵĸˣܵſڽǰʱѾߡ
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Ȳ͸ǸҴâ
͸С˵λүҼС㽻ңʡ鷳
˱Ӳش͸ĻֻȥҴ򣬸ˣ߶ˡ
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͸𾪣߻ӣھдʺͬϣƽ߹شңֱɱūǧĴã˷ŵ
͸վվȣû˸ҳһΪ·ѸȥϷˡ
彫ɺڴ֮󣬱ȥǰƺֻΪ˾һ㡣
С˵ˣүʱˣ
Ʒ裬ֻȴ𾪣С֪ԼиԳϵͳĹֶ
ⶫճ֮⣬ãɾڸոգϵͳߴӽɺסɺʱԺе

ԼĽҩϽױٸ߸ߣ
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Ϸ˱˲ſ첽߹ʱ򣬾Ͷ鲻
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ּ֮ңԴĴӺʹϱҲɺĸĸ֮ĶӺӶŲҵҲǰ
ּҸ͹Ϸ뵽Щɱ¼ͷƤһﰵԺ޺޵ɺ顣
̧Ϸˣѹûнλó˼ϷĸǰףΡΡĳ񣬡ϸ޶ۣ֪ݹ٣ûмʱݼԭϸʧ񡣡
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˵ŻүͶϷ˴ҴǰүϷҲѸٸϹһͬĻү绨Ů
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ţǸӺɺ
˵䣬üĿһݣͷּˣ񣬶ʱ
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ĻҲ˵ĺɺԶǳŲ궬
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֪үͬԼҴŮ̸ʲôŮȻһڽı鱳
ة֪ŮĻŲãǴŮĵةֻŮѺȥ˴Σɺ֮С
ɺȻһ֪ɺǸСڶû˼ǵˣҲֻ˼ܵĶСܵŻҪ
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ة֮жϣɺһһݺݲһͬ飬¶ɺԼס
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ѾĸƿĴǾܾģ˼ǣǮ
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һ»ˣСүһƽ»Щ꣬ҵ𣿡
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ùǳʱ˵䣬ʮ걻Ѱأĸĸٶӡ
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½Ң⣬Ҫֵ--
Сˣ½ҢҹСüҩ
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˦˹֪ԶƬ֪Զת΢@ţҡ
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նӰǰ;һƬ֮ʱԼ˳Ȧ
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ĳգ֪Զʮʱˡ
֪ԶǳЦ⣬ԭʮʱղҵƬ͵͵ϲҡ
ͬգ֪Զصᡣ
֪Զʮʱ͵ң 
1V1˫C˫

 2 

뵽Сѣɺֳüչ
ⱾҲһˣѵ飬ɺ
ǰڵҪѴ֮ŮϮֶΣһ·ӲȻͺͷŮΪ˱ԼͷҴҿ۽־ȥ˯ˡ
ɺƲ⣬ѵֶΣԲ⡣
ǣڼλ߻ӣѾŮɡ
߻ӣĲֵû̫Ҫ̫ȣлˡ
λʷ̫ݶǰصīľѣɺ߿߷ӵĸۣ̾ôɣۣĿ̣ۣݺľˣ
ڣȱɺѵֶΣɺеˡ
ԼֻѡǱʲôɴΣ
ԣΪ˴ɺժȥȥĸңٹһϡ
ɺţߵԶסѵϢգίĴ۾㣬
ɺĶʱˡ
Զ꣬Ǳι˶ҩ꺢һ㣬˵Ļֵֻ¶һЩ򵥵Ļ
ɺҲˡ
ϷһϷʱĸ㣬ʣ²࣬ɺĬĬԼӣٿԶεɺ
ȣģ
ԶȻɵˣԼҽ㣬õ㣬һʱιɺԣ
ɺôĺôôĵܵʳԣɺʹҡͷ㲻
Զٻɣڴڳ˸㡣
ɺáö
ָ¶죬ڳȥ˵ûԵĻϴ鷳ɺʾȹŰɡ

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ѵõİѹ֮࣬͸ӿոճ˯ĸо
ĸڻʱ򣬾˶ӰԳ޷˯ëųⲡԽԽҲѰҽ̽ⲡơ
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ˣɫɱ䣬ȴϢĺˡ
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ɺô£ﲻӡ
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ԺͿʱع۲ɺأٺ٣ǲеСеСڴ
˳
ȻɵˣȻϵͳ޻֮ԡ
ϵͳȻǸõģ䲻֪һ㣬͵Ůӣ
ȻĬĬǰһ㰲ʱ䣬һգ֮Ѿʶһʹá
ܰ˯ζʵʳ֪ζ
һ֮һξѡ
üղŵ԰˯Ѿζˡ
ϵͳոԾ
ճ¡ɺƺҪİأôճʱʱ䡣
û˵ɫԺһЩ
ܾ͵ɺɺ֪Ҳ޵ݡ
ֻǣ巴Űʱ
Ƭ̺ʶǰɫȦһΣ׼ûдͷԶԶıܿ
Ȼ˺ɺεĽӴ
ɺڴţŶӣģûо
ɺ˵
񰡣ҺԻţš˾ŷ̲谡ʵڲУҲðҿҪˣô죿
ǰȻѡ
ɺҪ󡣡
ǰѡȫû˵ֻһǿʶ
ѵҪɺͷ
ޱҪ˳ͻȻ䵽棬ʱ
ԼСˡ
ó׼һ
С˵ͷǣЩǵĿ壬үǲֱ˯ŵëڵĺˣȻôҹţ
ȥɺӡ
СһȻ塣
һҪ˭͵ģҸõģסΣر֤͵һ仰裬ȥʳоͨ
ȥء
Сͷʺţױҭˡ
ӽүɺʼ;֣үѵǿɺˣ
ܲС˻Ѹٰȥ

ɺ˫ֺʮʱͻȻڿš
˭֪ʱ䣬һڣ˶˯ˡ
ɺʱըëսߵ㡣
˭
С㣬Ҹ˷
ͷ
͵Ƕҩɣ͵ģӦðָıɱδ컹ʧһѵӣҲȼ죬ȲҲͬһַٺˡ
˭͵ģ
ԷĬƬ˵Ҫģҽʳзſڣǲңȥȡɡ
˵ţԷת뿪
ɺھţɻ󣬵һʱ֮ɺСſڣ̽ͷĴѸٽʳ˻ȥ
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ĺӣҲǳʱ
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꣬Զˣɺȴ˷ܵ˯žȲԼĽָ
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ͬʱİʱۼƵ˰ʱ
Ѹʱ䡣
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˯
ͻȻϵͳʾ
ɺָԼճΪ˯岻ʱ䡿
һΣϵͳ˵
˵֪ٺٵ˼Ҳ֪˯˫ص˼԰ѧͨѧĳ޷
԰
ĲϵͳϾС鵽ϵͳǰֳһ˿˿ģ뱻Զˡ
廹ǿƲסֵ㿪˼ء
Զڳ˯Ѿˣ¹⣬忴Ӹɸɾ
ɺñȸոոϵƣ˫ֺʮ񰡣⣡
ãǴ㣬բзʲôУ
ո˵ˣʳ⶯һԸɣ
ǰֳѡ
ȴբзʳĲ׻ãĶó
΢˼Сˣɺ˵˶͹ȥ
СѾƲסԼıˣүôˣ
ȥµķˣֽԭʳдߣԶŷ˹õĳеķ
ǰ
ɺܸأ˫ʱʱ


 3 

£ɺǸ׵׵㣬Сֹ֣ԾǸֻһ̨ʵڻңǣûɺ𣿵Ȼԣɻˣɺּңĸʱ˯ʱ䡣
ޱϵͳ˳
ġĶ
ĸʱ˯ϡ
ңɺµȷɺˣֳ˯ζˡ
վ˽ּ˵ϸ˸飬ɺָѣվͿ

ɺϳ극֮һֱû˯š
ԵЩˣټʵǺյˣ޷˯
ɺߵԶ˯ĺܳɺһԶСԶƤһӡԶǰ˯š
СӵθǸ޵׶
ָ¶ڴɺԶȥ
ΪˣָͿռĸµļױŲΪĸָ˺ġ
ɺС˵пģɺĸ游ĸһԶһȥʱ·ǿΪ˸ܿһЩɺ׵һʱ佫ĸĸȻģץָҲק˹£˫˫
游ĸԴ˾ͺǽܶˡ
ʷ֪˲࣬游ĸĸָΪĸһ׹
֮һԶҲɵˣҪɺС˵Ҳ֪ĸ顣
ɺŬС˵ڣ˵ĸԺգ游ǵ̽ĸļֵû˵·佫֮·Ҳսպա
游һҵȻƲּң֪ĸָ⣬쵶նĸĸһ׮£˭֪ĸָպ壬һӻ飬游ˣֱӺĸϾ˹ϵ
Ҫװװ游һһ᲻
游һȻҲ֪ʲôӦҲû˻ּһȫһĵҪɱɡ
ϵ游һң游һǷԸϵ
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񰡣ȥ游ס
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𣬡㣬ȥĸң֪쾹Ȼֲ飬˳ʳƴ㣿ҿԽȥ𣿡
ɺѸٽһԼϣǼѼѰһ˯ء
ɺ˵Ҫ㡭
üͷ΢壬ˣɺȻȥĪΪԼ߻ӣ
첻Ǹ⣬ɺǻˡ
ָѾаԵˣҪٿڣ˴Ҵߵߣ㱨˼䣬ɫһ䣬˵ǰ㾪ţ˯һҲǳ飬ǼѼͻˣֻ˯ɣʳҾſڣǴѾˣȥһ£ĪҪһųԡ
˵ĹУȴ˵ɺԼԸίˡ
£ֻŵԾ˹лˡ
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ѴҴȥǰģ˼ôˣ˼Ѿòּ̫ͬҴ򽻵ɺҹ£˼Ҳô죬ٴѯһ±ǣǧôǰ
λǸ³񲻽
ϷձѾڴ϶Ҳˣ޷ּͣҶүǿӴǧֻ֣ǣּҲŴԪֶү˿˵Ҳ㡣
ѳֵʱֶү˿ŮһǶıּҿ϶û¡
֪˱ͻȻţѼδܼʱӭӣɲҪ赭дһ仰Ҫ˵ľ롣
ҲǸ׼ˣһЦ
ƫƫǧֲһס
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ҴСֻ֪ұýɺǺˣǸû˵˭ҶӣҴĳıã
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Ҳ湻ģ˼ҿ䣬㻹ˡǧֻǰѱ̬
ѱǧֲѾ˿ˣô˺
ǧû˵ᣬһüʵұأ
ҧЦŴ˾ţϢҸոȥͷŴ壬ûҽȥ߶š
ⶼ˻˯ǧɢ˵ұû𴲣˲Ҽţ
˵ţǧֱ㽫в豭һţۿɼײ
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үͷһ˼ǧֻǳģϵҶ಻ԣǼңͲһˡ
ѷӦ죬㱾Ϣүǲ¾˴㣬ֺĴͬһ߰ɡ
ҿǧһһˡ
ǧﵹЩģǰ˼Ҳӽɺɺϴʾܾ죬ͻȻɺؼңɺͬ
ȥҪɺԸǱǿдߣ
ǧгӵη!
ɺ϶û͹ǧߣǧֵ̬Щշ鶼̫Ź֡
ѻδţǧ־ͳˣã˵㻹û𴲣
Ѳ˵ֻЦһ
ɺ͵Сǧ̬ɺǧ֡
˭֪һžٿȻ򿪣¶ɺ˷ܵСɺԶ˶룬ڵһ㡣
磬һؼҵ𣿡
ɺô飬ùǧֶһ㶡
ǧֻɺ֪ʲô˵ԲԱ¶ݡ
㣬˵ʲôһģո˴㿴ȥĸңȲ֮󣿡
ɺһƬȸԾûȥ˵ʲô
!
ϣȥ游ң!
ǧֿ˫۷ɺɻأһֱ˵òԸͬԼôɺӴƺһ㶼š
ʶձסɺɺȥ˹˼ң֪жٱ
ǧֿɺһĿ
ǧʶԼûشɺĻ
ǧֲ̫Ӧ飬ɵ˵ڻع˼ҡ
䣬Ǹ۾Ůͱߵͷϲ˵߰!
˳ùǧֶЩɡ
ôˣ
Ϸʱˡ
ոѼƲԣȥϷ˹
ҽղɺżȥңʹˣǶһТϾ
ТĴñӿǱԺȢˡ
ɺӭϷ˵ָӲͷƤ˵ΪТҲҪȥ游ﰡ
ĸˣҲˣ˵ⲡ̫أ½ĸ˼룬žȥ游ҡ
ɺôһ뻹̲סĸҲ˵ҰۣػҲΪĸžȥ游Сס
ɺּʹɱﵣҹһμĸףĸ˵Լһֱźǰûܻһ游ңҺԶվȥ游ƣĸ׷θ֮ԣɺҲ𡣡
һñӿּ˺ʱЩѡ
ǧҲǵͷˣҹ游Ҳεҹùã˵ǽҪǼӣ֮ǰһóȻţ᲻᲻ԸһǹùͰźˣˣǱϽ߰ɡ
ɺ͹ǧһЦ˵Ĭ
ͻȻĻ

 4 

ѶϷʹɫʾϷ˿װΣʱֻҪִһЩɺ߲ˡ
ϷȴԽԽѣɺϷǵͨٿּȫɫ¶ˣһߴŹǧֿߡ
ɺԶûʲôҪĶɺĸµֵǮָ˽⣬ɺѹûָЩǮ
û뵽ɺӣô죬һɺԶ˹˼ҵ
תͷȥԼ˵ʱѾѹסˡ
Ⱥ²ļһ
֪ͲΪ˱뿪
ϷʱͻȻεˣƵڵϵϷˣεʱƫҪΡ
ӳ˳ŵɫĺĸôˣǼʲôȴĸӣңȥõĴ

ɺϷιȥߵĸˣǵѵ٣ộ
ǧֿһȤãĸε㲻ȥ𣿡
ɺһھܾơ
һ߲أ
ּҵˣ
ɺʵͷһϣĿ˹ǧ֣ԥ˰Σɺʵҵĸ簡
ɺڴ˴ӦҲϲǧ֣ôҲ¶ڡ
ǧʵˣƤЦƺʼѣ˭㶼֪͸ҸߣǴ𣿡
£ɺǰԺҪĴ֮һ񴵲ʺƨǶǺõģҲ¡
ǿɲǡ
ɺЩôƷӦûɡ
ǧŻסɺһ˿⣬ɵƭȻŵһμãʵǿϧˡ
˼ֻһǺõģʵģ֪˶УǧҪ˵
ɺ
ǧ˵ĺ棬ˡ
ɺǾǧֵҪǰ˺С˵е˶Ӧǧһ棬ɺĿģǧ־Ӳ˵ɺǷˣ˹˼ܻ֪ġ
ܲڣ˼ÿһӶͬǧһɡ
Ǵӱߵܳһξ롣
ּҵլӵʱΪй¹˼ңѡԶ˼ҵլӣ·ĳ
ɺûκεĲʡ
ԶǸֻҪгԵľܹԹɣԱ˾˯ĺúӡ
ֻе;ʱɺѪˡ
ɺԼѪҲЩ£ɺԼû¶ҩּңҲǸС
ǧҲȻ뵽˱õӡ
һǲˣ԰׵ɫӣñ̫οɰɼȫزĲˣٿȻѪɫǧֲ˽յϢõȷˡ
ǧֶʱΪոմȤöֱǸ
ɺǧֻдʵĹģôȥҽݡ
ɺûжܣֻܸоĳԼɺҡҡͷ磬үдҰѹ˵֢ҿǾþûгţһʱӦŻѪڼ΢ϢƬӦްˡ
ɺ˵ŻͿԶС½ǡ
ɺʱֻˣûôôȵСӣ
ǧüͷ΢Ƭ̣ҲǣȥҽݣҪʱ䣬ȰɺӻؼҺҽǰɺΡ
ǧֿ˿Զ
СӣӼ浽ڼһ仰û˵ĸ͵ĺӡ
ǧҲжţ˵Զ첻㣬ǧɺֲ˼ԶʣȰסԼ˼

յϵͳʾ
ؾصĵ͵ݼ֮󣬾ͳ˹
ȻүΪ߾Ϸʱֻţδּ帮ۡǲ֪⣬Ҳ׼岢ûԼĸۡ
Ҳ⣬˴լס
ؾ죬󳼸֪¡
ָЩС粨˴䣬Ⱥ಻֪¡
ڻһ̾Ҫˡ
ڻǶ£С˼
Ѹߣ̫Ӳ֮󣬻һֱû̫ӣȨĶһһ켤ңھûʵȨְ񣬵պգھҲ൱
ĸǸŮϴأֱϲϲ乬乬гԼĸһͬ乬꣬ǡ귪췴ڹдɱϣһƬңĸױɱҲ䡣
ĸ壬̥֤Լݣܷܲδ֪
뾩֮⻹ǵһι龩ѾϣӾþòֻ˲һյĹ뿪ʹϸδȺ֪ؾûΪӷϴ
Ȼǲϲġ
һûκαʵȨþģھЩĻӣԴûκвҶ뽫Լ¡
뾩ʼӵİֽƬһӿס
ЩʣҲУɴཫڻӶһ
ǶҪ
Ǿһ
ڻ뵽˱һƤЦⲻЦк˵һƬڻӣյǺľһ𣬱ߺȾƣ͹˿輧ˡ
ƾڻǹʼհһſһɱ֮輧ǾƶսսЦ˵使λˡ
ſЩֺŮʹ죬ϧ⾩ؽӵûһǰ㿪ĵط
˿УϵͳĹûĺϳС
ɣѵ˻ʱȡá
ˣµ뼰ʱӵ
岻ü
Ҫǰȥ輧ʱһң˼ҲǸʮɣʹ꣬׵ɱ˶˲ôɱ¾֮
ޱĿԼǰ
εϵͳ˻棬ɺѪĳ
ûʲôӦҲܿѪŮҪȥǵȫ
ϵͳ̾˿ֻǺϳ̾Ŀֹ죬岻ʡ
ɣɺܹܲĹǰ£ɺ壬ʡޡ
崽߸ֳһĨЦ
ƱӵϵŮһ£һ񣬾ͰϼӵԱӵľƱ档
ǲΪÿ񶼻нѰɣпŻףͲô㽱ôܳܵʧȥɺζ㻹ǵʵʵɻ
Ʋס
һ㣬ȥŮһŤԱӵĻ
ȭǸƺȶˣȥéޡ
˵գ뿪ֻĵȻŭ
ߣϵͳɣɺܹܲĹǰ
壺ȻǣѾǵ
ղغ~

 5 

һߣڲһĻǾͿʼ೰Էͼ£С
ֻǣ嵱Ǹ£ġ
Է˿ûվӵı֣廰̫٣Ҳǳֻоĳûλġ
峯к޸ʲôȥأ
ֻǣ˼ֱһʯ˵ͨ
洵˴磬һ֮ͷۡ
ϵͳϵͳ˵ϵͳ
Ѿ֪ɺ鼫أɺȷԭҲǴվȥѰҽɱϵͳһ̣Ϊˬ
쳣Ϊ̫࣬Ϊɺ£Ѿ޲
ֻơү鰮һϿ
ǰĬĬҲʲô̬

ɺ͹ǧڵ˹˼ҡ
˼˿ôͻؼҵүЩ죬үĻص磿ĪǴʲôסĻˣ
׹׹Ծ
ǧüͷһһž߹ȥûɫҾͲΪ»
ƨɣˣ£ү϶˸
ţǧ־ͻͷСİɺһѽԶ
ǧȻ죬Ҳзûĸֹ
񡭡
˸ɰͰ͵˵үʲôʱ£Ӷôˣ
ؼ⺢ӳҲү
⻰һǧֻû˵գɺ𾪵ĿԶô𣿡
һСĶ
ǧƨϣʲôұúͱܣ
˱ߵĲҽһүıãܰ
ȵȡѲּҵλ
θˡ
ǧɺΪ˵Ļˣ͵Ӳ⣬´˵ֻ߾ͺá
ɺ
ô̵õĸѹֹ˼º䣬ķҲѡ
ǧֽճż磬ɺ˼ҵʱҲ硣
ǧֳ֮ǰûͬ˴кҲû˵Լȥʲôɺ˼ң˶׼
ǧֿһ𾪵ûӣͻȻáбҪ֪һ¼ĳ
ǧָϽɺǰϢԼҴȥ游ĸס
ɺԶ˹ɵϣҲûжϾڱ˼ңɺĺܡ
û˵ķԸǾܺɺڷ˲֮󣬱Ҳûн
ɺתСĹ۲ӡ
ӹӴóЩּ̣Щһ
Ҳ㲻ϴ󸻴
ɺͷϸС˵Թ˼ҵд
˼ҲС˵īܶĵطΪּǧ˿ϵĹ˼ңǰڽȨ൱Ҫһߡ
ֻǣ˼ҵ˼ȫ֧ѣ֮˼ңݺݽ˼Ҳڽŵ£˼̫үûֻøϻ磬ֻѻǵĽ֦ɴɽ̫үϷ·ϱ˼༸Ӽȫڱ߾ս˼˴˳
˼Ҳȫɺ룬ǱмкܳһûпȫԹϻλһΣԿ϶С˵һᵽ˹˼ҹǧ֣ǻǧ˶
˼Ҷĸ۰ģӮù˼˵ĺøУΪɺּΪɺԶ˳Ͽ޵ıʹһ޳Ϊĵ䷶
Ѹ˽ӽ˹˼ˣܳһʱ䣬˼ҵ˶ƣ֣˴ʱ򣬹˼Ѿˡ
ɺǳôôǰһ˼
ֻǡ˼һ۰Ӧòܾһɣ
͵ܵܳԵҲ࡭Ӧá
ˣɺϴЦ̧ͷһ˧硣
ɺЩ
ʵϵʱ˵ˣǧƦ˧Ʀ˧ģ
ǰ˱ȹǧִһЩԼʮӣģƫɺճԵġ
Ƕ˿ƺ̫ġ
ɺ˻ʶ
⻰ҲеӲ͸һЩ߲ƣɺ¶һ˿ãλ˭ʵĲǵù˼ҵжٸˡ
磿ɺ΢Цôֵ߽ôߣӦǱɰɡ
ɺЦʺüĿĮôڹ˼ң
磬ҴģǧִҴˣƤЦһ˵ļ򣬡̫ˣôףűõģ
Ǵǧɺ֪ΪʲôԼеˡ
ĸң͵͵ǧӣ̫үϷ˸ĸļױֻǣĸָ֪ƭȥ˹˼Ҹǧ׼ĲŵطˣǱ˼ң͵˹ǧеĲ
ĸȶӻ飬ͬ˽̫үΪڳϱһ꣬ǧĻҲӰ졣
͹ǧĹҾù˼Ҽҽ̫ԼŮȥίǼԭҲʸ֦ԼŮ޸ӵ뷨˳˻飬ǧǹãǹȸǧͨùǧԼһûжϽȢ͹ԼҲúƤˡ
ֻǣǧ׼õķˡ
˼һʱĴյóĲҪǴĿĲǰȥֻᱻָű˶Է˻ͷʮ죬ǧĻ±ûˣǹҲŸǹҲǸӲŮӣӣͶԾ
ǧ˺һֱδȢĸһֱԹ
˼һֱΪĸҲԼļױ˹ǧĲȴ֪飬ĸȫ֪顣
ɺ룬һǧһµ£ȻҲ޷ǧԹҲùǧĸǽ̫
ǧд˲ӭʲô
˵ŹǧֳһɺԸ˼𣿡
˵꣬С־ȵɫǧ־ԼôһСŮƽ̫䣬ûٶ˵
㲻ּ֪ж֡
ּҵǼʲôϵǧϹǧֵĻ
ǧȻҲǧĸĶԹͷûٴǧùͷ
ɺСƹǧɫ뿪ڽһʱ򲻹˵ʲôǹǧᷳɺ벻˵ǣıװȣ˵ѣǼβ˰ɡ
ǧ׵Ź˼˹ǧãյ̫ܲ˳
ǧֶɺοЦЦ
ɺϽŹǧҲЦһ£ʾԼû£ΪСŬŵġ
ǧ˻ŮͰ͵Ц⣬Ųߣ£ǰСʲôϵǨŭ
ȴڼ䣬˼ҵ˲ȫˡ
ٹǹ̫үҪ٣߹ҲȽϰȣûдͻ˼ʾ֮󣬱㽫ڱ߹صĺȫ˻
ɳǧ֣˼˿ɺɫӭ
ɺп࣬Ϊʲôѵô˳ľշ˹˼ҵˣ
͹˼մ״أô̤˵أôڻҵİ


 6 

ǧֱԼıãҲҪסԭͼӴ׵˵һͨɺּοԼɺ˼ҵĳֱҪԡ
˼ûκα飬ʮҴСкô侲
ɺԼˣǧ̫˵ˣǹ˼ҵˡ
ɺ۹ǧ֣ﰵţļͥλаǴ糪ѵôһͨ˵ˡ
Ҳ־ҪʹߣתŬȣ
游ָڲ豭Եһ£̵ɺּ¶Ӻ㣬ּҴȥˡ
ɺûҴ游Ļƴͷʾ϶
ǹ˼ұѣо仰˵ȴ޳ȥŮóȥˮңĸ׵ӳУͺ͹˼Ҷ˹ϵǶûɣο㣿
ɺ͸һɼεϢֻԶɺ½ǿȻ൱ȡ
ǧ֪Լ游еĵλܻȲֻèϽԼͶȥȵߡ
үһɺĻּǰˣɺȥּңǺһϾҲǽѪ
˵ţүϧźۼԹԶ
ԶһǸնӽݵڣδԶſڣҲ֪ܲ˵
үʹ˸ɫ˱Ӳ磬Ŷ˵̬ϴһӻû˵мĴʲô֣ɼܲס๫۾գˡ
ʵɺǧֵ˼ӼѪ飬ּЩǽܶ˵ĳʳּҲţ˼ҸĶֱ࣬˵˵һ䣬ּƣ͵ĸ״ӹ˼ȥǮѲ˹ϵĸȥ֮ʱҲСˣӦѾʼѧŴҲ䵽˾أ
ʵľЩǿˣүĳԼӣӽΧģҡ
ɺóԼõ̬ȣ߼͵ĸ׵ȥּҵʱ򣬴ǧӣʼĸ׺͸óɹֻǣ׷ǵúͺ⣬꣬Ǯƶĸȥ֮󣬼˵ĸµǮѾ⣬δκζ
̲סˣǧǻǧ𣿡
ɺЩҴ⣬Ҵδ˵Ǯĸ״ӼǧѾ൱ڣǧ
вδϸдַ˺ָĹϵ֮ʣַǰָȥ֮䣬Ѿûһ˿ˡ
ĸ״δ㣿
ûǮɺ϶˵ֵĸ׺Ҳܲɺһֻ֢ÿ³ҩҪһӣΪǮ̫࣬ĸǵùŲ죬ǻжǮĸ׶ȻԸ˽ձ游ĸ䡣
ĸӻ֮Ϊ̫Զ˼˲ĸ֪Ϣּ˷ųģǽӽɺҲδֻּܽ˵档
ɺĻ˼֪ȫơ
үҲ˲ϹڻӲ飬׷ʵͬάһ׹֢
ɺ˲ĸ׹߹˼ˣɺδ¶ԶҲſһܼ꣬ܲǵû˵ԶǸɵӡ
Ҫ˵ˣڱץסѱô죿
ɺжһѣʵشĸ׹ģĸһֱܲ
ǧͻȻʵã㵽֢ж
˵֢
˼ȴΪǧֵĻǧˡ
ɺΧ˵ı飬׹׹˼ӦԼĸ׻иģӦòԼȥ˰ɡ
ǧ֪ѾˣּӵȷѰҹùּЩ꾿Ҳ˻ɣԼҶȻɺٻȥˮ
ȷе˵ɺͶ˼ң˼ҾͲɺţֻ游ĸǶӵˣô˵游ĸΣˡ
ǧֻûô˵ͻȻɺһ͹ȥ
ë׵ʸУɺŵŤͷͿһֵٶ쿴èļϡ
ɺˣǣѹСļϣܲ𰡡
ɺѹĵѪ
èȻҲˣԼѹλòԣĵɺͷϣɺ
ˡ
֮ǰɺ룬Ҳס˼˰ɣصèֱˡ
ɺһΣ˼»ң̫үҲס˳ᢵ̬ˣվæ򣬶޷è¶׹⣬ֱԵɺָҪèһ٣ÿմèʣ
è
̫ˡ

ͷβĿһĻɺιȥһӦǣɺû취Ըˣİʱô죿
΢˼Ƭ̣ʹȱվǹ˼ҲΣأǾԵþȵףɺָ֮£ɷΣǿȥ˸


 7 £ޣ

ɺԴε֮󣬹˼ҵ˱ǿɺ
ĿǰĻɺѾˣܹ˼ﻹн٣ǶԼҲйģּҵˣ޲
ɺ֪˼ҵڲǧȥֻǸô꣬Ϊѡ
ּҵǮǳϸģûɺšüͷϸ˼С˵ܵ˿
ɺü˼һͻȻϲһ뵽ˡ
Ϣйء
ûô֪ȥ
һŮܺ˵ϻûлл
ɺԼĽָ
ɺ˫ֺʮϵԸ
񰡣˷ˣһͽٵ鷨漣飬Ϣ˵游һɡ

պǷ꣬˼˻ɺб˼ܳɹ˹˼ңǸ򡭡
ɺҲûҪ󣬿ڹ˼ҺܿģЩڣʼ˼ҪҪɺЩӣɺҪ󲻶ϡ
һЩӣֻÿϵͳϵճ
ɺһΣɺһΣɺ֫ӴһΡ
ÿһճ񣬶άһ˯ʱ䣬ճ񣬻⽱һ˯ʱ䡣
Ѿܽһճķ
ɺ䵥ʱСʯӹɺϥǣɺҪȥʱ򣬳ȥסɺͽӴͬʱɣȻɺڸлɣʱͿԹˡ
˯ʱ䣬ڿȫ㡣
οÿɺ䵥ҲǼ鷳¡
ң˵ɺڻÿչ̶ѪһΣ֢һ㶼ãһӣʵǲÿһŮϥСʯӵСΪ
˼ҪҪ˽ɺɺΪɴŮʱɺԸˡ
˷ܵĴϵͳ
ѾĿԼɺľ룬һû˵ľ
忴ɺǰһѲ޻ЩüɺҪʲô
嶼òվɺԶĵطۿɺһΣΪ˿ɺʲôɺһ׷Χڡ
ɺԸ
ɣԼãɺ˵ڼ䣬ͻ˵顣
ѾǰˣȺɽҲ̵ģ嵽Ҳǡɺ֪
ɺڽϳĸ꣬ɺּǡ
طǧ
˷㲻ùοھ˸û֪ʲô
廳ɵĿɺ
Լϵͳ˵
ɺҲϵͳ𣿡
ȻճƲϵͳҲòϣϵͳȷ֮
ʱϵͳҲĵȷȷȹ
ϵͳ̫񶾣Ȼᷳ
ôܣСɰǶһ޶ģ
ǲɺΪ֪飬ܾǰɣ
ޱȭ̫ˣȻ
ϵͳɺ֪飿
̽Ŀɺ룬лᵱúô̴ɺܡ
¡ɺҪ󣬲Ƥӵ飬һʱ˯ʱ䡣
忴ɺֶ˼⡣

ɺڶϱ̫үȥͬһš
Щӣ˼ţһֱɺ
ɺû⣬ȿ쵽ɺŷ˼һӶڣȻҪҪ˵
˼ҹز࣬ŵʱҲϡϡȫմյô룬ɺ˿ԼŮõʱЩΡ
Ҳ̫ʱˣϷѾɺ֣ɺ
Ϸ˵ţָָԼֵλӡ
ɺʱòʣǸŮôǹ˼û˷ԣϷһֱ֣ɺֻӲͷƤ˹ȥ
£ɺԾصķΧɺҲûŵĿ˵
³ʱ֪Ӻδ˵ϲ˻ʼ˷ʱ漣
ɺһ͡
찡
ܣĽָ̫ˣ
̫үȴǶŹǧǧ΢΢ȭЩȻʶйء
˵ǵʱ㷢շת䵽УǶ֪ҵƢΪͺϲ֮ˣҵƤţȴǵǧȥš
ү̰಻סİ𣬡ô˵ּҵϵ˵ǧĲ񣿡
᲻ּԹתͷЩǸĿɺһۣ漴һһ۵˵ϱΪּ˵飬ֻ֤ݣҲ޶˻ּҡ
̫үͬĵͷҲ룬ȥүȻʣү̴ӵֵܵߣĻӦΪǽ󡣡
ɺ


 8 

˵˼ά𣿹ϵôԶΪʲôҪ룿
ɺѽǻ۵游ɺʼһɣǲԼ̫ޱ޷游Ļ
ܴ˺öôࣿ
ֻڿߵʱɺʶһʱϥеۡ
忴ɺԼϥǵĶľȻ΢˳飬ոȻʶɺϥʯӡ
Ҳǵڳ˼˶Ṧ򣬲ûӡ
ɺǿϥʹ
ôˣһֱЦв˵ĹϷ壬תͷЦеĿɺ
ŮûΣάǸ֮ĵĹˡ
ɵŮ˵ʲôҪʵˣɲٽĻϲ֮˹ߡ
ɺͻȻԼ˹˼˹עص㣬ӸղſʼһֱԾĹǧ˿߶ϡ
ɺʱЩ˼˵Īϥǻеʹÿ춼һΣҺÿζλȣҲûˤϳ󡣡
ɺ֪Լ嵽ôˣѪ㲻˵Ͼ֢ϥÿչ̶ʹһεΪʲô
ֻǶһֱÿΰҾߣһֱѰٺúøлˡ
˼ּ忴塣
̫ү͵һӣҪǰүͽ㽫ϳȥˡ
ʲôԼŮ˾֮ģ
Լαװһ̹Ƕ˵վſڡ
ɺлл壬ԷϾôΣδζǻ׷棬治֣ɺ΢Цʵ˾ôΣɺӦл֪˿ʲôҪɺģ
۾һ
Ը
̫үˣʲô
ʲô
̫үӲ˵ɺЩ飬Իл
ԣүͷɺģǻúøлġ
ɺ
о񲻶Ծǹ˼ҵ˶ô˵ˣСɡ
˵°ɡϷ˸˹̫үһ
ȲҪ˵Ͱߣûһֱɺ
̫үʱع
ߣͬǽ˵ľ
ͷɻǵ˷ѵУֵǮĶ٣ֵǮȻһţʹһңֻ˵˹͵ȡһǮƱ˼ģ͵ĸ˼ң˲֪ʺ˽͵ֻ˵Է棬ֻ֪ݸߡ
άǹݸ𣿡ү̲סˡ
ʵ̫ҲһάС̲ס粵
϶͵Ǽûү϶
˵ͷʵô꣬һֱлɣ֪ģΪ˿ǣǸļױֻǧƱ˺һ֣ΪλὫǧĲȫù⣬ǧлвһŮҲòЩ
˭ָʹ͵ԩ˽
ɺߣķҲ˵Ľ˷ˣ𣿡
Ȼǡǧȷϡ
漴̫үͷɺˣ˵Ѳ롣
𣿡ɺʶʼҼ֡
˼һµĵͷ
ɺ
ȵȣѵ֢Ӱ
ѹֹ˼˶ߵĻӦԭԼû
ɺΪԼ
þû˵ĹǧͻȻ˵գ˽ҡ
ɺЩŵĿǧ
ǧһֱּкĽ٣ʹѻ˴󲿷ֹ˼˵ֺ֧Σǧʼջּˣǧֹѵļƻ
ѶԹ˼ʹɱֵʱ򣬹ǧǱѺҵġ
ǧӦᵹѰɣ
˵ʲôˣϷЦпǧֻȴ˼ֳ
ǧԹϷ˵ͷ˵˵ɺԶΪ鲻ãʱ޶˶˷ƢָǶܵܲԹΪĲּˡ
ɺǼң鲻ѣΪּҸչɺɺؼҡ
˵˵һ䣬
ɺңԼΪĽټֻ֪¾飬ּ֪Ҿ飬ѡȹţδ˵ּһȻǽѵĻ档
ϷЦſɺɺּ𣿡
ɺͷҡɲ˹ģĸڹ˼ңڹ˼ұּڡ
Ǿš̫үһ
Ϸ˷·𿴳ɺĵǣɺĪ£ֻҪԼߣʱԣﵱļҡ
ɺ˲ЦһɲãصĶŹϷ˵ͷ
˼ͻȻеۡ
⺢ӵ˶
С̫ܲǵžǺöʱСܲϲּҵĻ⣬СһӾʹܵɺѾߣ͵͵Ѿе
С㣬ʲôСܺĽССһĶյɺǰ

 9 

Ҳɺ
žɺеĶˡ
ɺ΢΢һ£˿̴飬챾Ѿ㽫ԼֹóˣСܣѾˡ
ɺЩŵҧҧվ˵ҿ˾˻бǶϰϰߣұϾ˻ϥͻʱͲϥˡ
ǰ˵ܶ൱ˣؼ֮ϥ۵ëʱûע⣬ûбϥǵԭҾҲ֪Ծ˾˺ͱûá
ɺСܸ֪ôõӣҡҡͷŮóһСŵ޲ʣ
ǧʺ֣ɺڹǧ£̶һˣڹǧϲһȦ֮ٽӰ
֣һ޻һЩΪճҪһ޻һЩʱӰ췢ӣñġ
ϧɺҲԲϣȻһǰĻá
˼˶Щ棬ùɺĶ
үӺˬȾԼϥԣԺ䣬Ҳϥˡ
Цŵͷɺ⻤ϥǼʱ꣬˾ϥǱëתϥǾͿʼˣ⻤ϥԺ죬ұҲܷˡ
үҲͷϥҲʹ˺Щ꣬ǰȥ򣬴ֻ˵ҳо˹ͷպ·úţôܣɺ⻤ϥԺܺúܶࡣ
СҲ˷ܣԺˤͲˡ
ɺŹ˼ϲӣͷҲһĨϲ
ǰǸ빷Ӱϲľֹ߻ǰ˵оǲϾͬĻв߶ûչ
Ǻ͹˱ɺһĶûУôϲɺʱֳ︡Ժ
̫үЩ΢ԼӸһ˷ܣĸҲȫлϥͻ
ʲôûУ
Ϊ
庮һļ겻ů¯֣Ů
̫үίǹ̫ү˵
ɺִԼóССĲ
游ĸҿů¯ů¯õʱܻЩ֣ҪˣҪʱʱȺõ¯ʵ鷳ұů¯֯˸£֣ů¯Ҳܶһ
̫үת硣
ϷЦŴɺӹ¯ֻ֣ǲûз֣ǽɺĴ˿ɺĺۼ
ɺ΢һЩЩȻ
߻ᱻټһżϹϵĺۼȻһЩ
ϷɺĦ˼£Դĸȥ֮ɺһֱùָȱǮѾһѣȴûһչɺԶɺһССĺӣҪԼҪչ˵ܵܣȻϼ룬൱ֲڣŶĹϷˡ
ϷЩɬȻ̫үҲƳ˶ߣּҸǲá
һӣʵն񣬹̫үʼԼŮ྿ʲô
ɺֻΪϷڿϵۣȻ˵ĸûʲô߻̫ϤԵʡ
ԭҲû¶ָġ
ʲôϤϤ̫үüɺǲΪ⾩ͻвųŮӸŮ֣
ѵɺ쿴̫ү
̫үһ𼸸ʵѧģļҲǻᶯƤָѾͷˡ
ŮҪѧĶ̫ˣҪѧִŮ첻ˡ
ԼŮ󣬹̫үѾҪȥ˭ǰҫ
ɺү̽ӻ
ǰⶫֺÿʵá˵ͷ
ҲڴЦҿɺȻǻ֪ôĶǼǵ治Щ
˼˽Գ佫֮ңӢˬ黭Ͳˡ
˼ҵַɺһͨϷ˲ɺͷ˵һЩķĻƣͽѾȥɱˣúӲҪ֪𣿡
ɺӿһů˵ͷ
̫үҲͷȻͬϷ˵Ļ⼸˹ڣձҽúõͬԶӣҽ¶õģɺ㲻صĲ飬žͺá
Ϸ˵ͷҲһֱһԲקɺ·ԶԴ
һϷ˵ЦݣԶԴǰܹˣ
˼˶Զ
ԶȻЩˣȻûб飬Сȴקɺ°קĸ
ɺͷ͸ĸһ֮µĲ游ĸ˵ԶײϣԴײȥһ㡣
ơǧ

 10 £׽棩

ԴԶ⺦¡
ԴϷʲôõһ㡣
Զ֮ǰֻץɺ䣬ȵǧԶͻȻסɺĴȣͷҲʵɺϡ
Զ£ɺԶļȰ˵Զ¸ˣñһºòã
ǧվһҲûдߴɺԶ˵ŻЩ£ȵԶԱȰ˵̧ͷʱ򣬹ǧȥ
ԶӲ˫ֽץɺȣСʶɺ⣬ɺЩۣԶµӣֻʣּۣ֪ҵ׶ԶʲôԶڵӡ
ԲײڳϣǹӴġ
ɺüͷҲ
Զּҷȥ֮ɵġ
Ϸ˺̫үǶӵĳо¶ȻһСӶŹʳӣһ˹ﶼõġ
Ϸһۿһ¾ͺˣԼﱧŰһͨɿԶɺӣϷסˡ
ּҹĵʲôӰ
̫ү뵽˵ԼŮ׹⣬ǲǳ׹飬Ϊ࣬Ϊʲôּҵ˶ֻһСҲҪ֣
ǵּҷһǰȥѾɺǲǸԼŮ
û⣬ּǹҪŰԶҲ쳣ɶ
ּҡ̫үҪ˵ݻֻǿɺԶǽеĻȥ
ɺŹ˼˷ŭְԼ˵ӣ˵ʵһֱɵ游ĸ˵Ϊ˾ĸĻĸ׻ڵʱ׾˺ụ̈ǵʱĸЩȫˣ׺ĸҲǳܣϧСˣ󲻵ĸ׵ӡ
ңҸոͻȻ׺ĸװɥ֮󣬼ӶȫһʱܾòԾڻǾòԡ
˼ҵ˾ǵɺּһ꣬Ų˵ɺĽͣ˼ҵ˱Ҳ֪ɺ˼
飬̫үҲٲҴţֱԵǽ飬ζҪˮʯԶԴˣɺ壬ǧĲҵҪּһж˽
ȷּҰɣǧ˼磬Сùõĸ鲻˻ǣּ˽̫࣬϶ıúͱǼл֦˵Աúͱܡ
Ϸɫĵͷǧ˵еɺԶҪǻѾʱ̱ǣҵ뿴ǹ˼ңǲˣּҪôŮߡ
ɺӸжЩΣܾڹ˼ң˼ҵ˴ȥ˲鷳
̫үٳ˶꣬һ۾Ϳɺ룬ֱɺģɺǵڶڹԼŮĻҡ
οԼŮ飬ǻܰԼժȥɣ

ٷʼԾͳأصĽڻǧֶûʲôʱɺԼĻϥͻ󶼲ˡ
ɺϯ΢һЩԶոպЩˮҪȥéޣԶ벻ɺɺԶ뿪ˡ
̫үϴûεĹǧüһ⼸ӣÿһʡĵġ
ǧ̫࣬ʮˣűŰɣǧ̫ѣϾҪڵˣһСӣǺ䣬ʲôᡣ
ʲôأӻɺ磬ɺ˶
ɺֲˣ˵Ҳǵһǧһ㶼Ϊܣ˵ţɺҵĻϥͻô˰ҸոջϵģҲûаǶҰ
үҵ˹Ҳµİæңûҵ
̫үɺԼů¯֣ŲšüɺĶܶôԼˣͳŶ󣬺úҡ
ǧԼҲƣҲὫǶ鵽ȥ
ͻȻ˾һ᲻ϡˣ
Һ񿴵ǧǰʲô̫죬˸ոֻԼۻˡ
϶øҶˣûۺ죬͵ҵġ
ǧ˵ţҲ˲óˣϽ׷˳ȥ
̫үû˵ʲôߣģԺɺߡ
㻹ϵСݲϽ취ŲضϷ˵žͰ˹̫үһۡ
ϼһɲ׵飬ҲҷŽ
˼Ҳǵͷ̫үһүǸе򡭡˼ҵÿȥǶرѹÿζҪȹ۲һ岻ڵʱŸǣ˶еˡ
̫ү
ôʲôǱȵģܸԼŮȥӣ˵ˣ֮ǰ֤˶ɺû˼֪ǵȲ֮ˣ


 11 

̫ү⵽ȫµһ
ǹ̫үһԹĿӣүƢǣʹˣǾˣ̫үһ쵽ſڵʱ򣬾Ȼֱֱֱȥε˼ſڡ
Աߵ飬ʱס˹̫үûù̫үˤϣȻ롣
ҲҺãɺҽˣһ̫үεҽϽȥ̫ү˲
̫үֻһСҽߵʱ򣬹̫үѾˣֻǰЩӰģĺܡ
Ϸ˿Ųҽ̫үȴ㷲ҪҪ·ȥóͷȵҽ
Ϊɺӿжˣ̫үרóĲҽֻ֪ҽܲܿ˹̫үĲ
ҽ̫̽̽үмֲ죬ǿСöˡ
ôͻȻأ̫үһӹӲʣ纮ټͻȻһΣùϷ硣
̽̽
ҽס˹̫ү
ɺҲһԽŵš
˼˶ܺã̫үǸͯĲϣ˼ҳκ顣
һΣҽšüͷҴŲµԭ򣬻Ҫ̫үȷһ
ҽ˵ţ˿ˣɺ༸˶Ȼˣ˸ȥˡ
Ƭ̣ҽŽֽȥ
̫ү˰㡣ҽ϶˵̫үиۣǰһƫ飬мعķӣ̫үѨλһʱѪͨŻʱεǰģ˲ҩϢձް
̫үͷҵȷʱ򣬱һ£ʱоеʹܿû˸оһΪԼˡû뵽飬лҽ㣬ͷһԼʲô֢
ޣҪ˵Ϸ˵˹̫үһۣϽϹ̫үĺ
ҽȻĲ͹̫ү飬ҽ˿ɺɺȳȥֺ͹˼˵˻֮󣬱ҩˡ
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˼˲ɺͲҽ˵ܲ鲻ðɣɺţˣҲǻͳԺúȺãɺõ̱һ̵ɡ
ɺֽ˹̫үڣ˵游Ȼҽ˵÷ҩǳԵ㲹ĶúѪɡ
̫үͷаɺóԾͳԡ
˵ţϷƣ˭ˣô˶񶾵ֶκ㣿
ûмʱס̫үˤȥˤ̳ô죿
ɺҲͷƣ游һΪ˺ƣΪλķ
̫үڻǷʲ˽õĶ󣬹̫үΪԲֺƣͬϷĶܺãзҲ൱ȴŮǵĻǹ̫ү۵㣬̫үҲëˡ
̫үԼҲ֣һû˼û˭
˼ҵ˶벻ͨ˭ġ
ɺͷЩõԤС
ֶܸоеϤ
պ󣬾ͻȻﴫˡ
̫ү³ؼҵʱ򣬱ԵĴةͻȻյ˹̫үߣص˵֪ǰЩΪε𣿡
˰㰡
̫үû¶ڶ͸ԼϷ˰̫үҲǳԲÿˣҪװ׵İڳĸûûƤֻ֪ڰĶ
ǣ˵սӻؼҵŮ̿ס
˵ʲô̫үͣ²ةƵ˽䣬ٸ˵һ顣
̫үαͱةߴ󣬴˿ͷةǹ̫үǸĹˣةڣ˵˲Ȥ£ôȥǰ˵ˣ
ةϽԼժɲ˵ģ涼ڴ˵ŮСԸĸԼ游ڿ˵ĸಡ齣ⲻְ˵ĲˤҶΪò㰡
ةԽ˵ԽоԼ쬣ǣȭͷʲô
ںļһ
ʱǰٹ³֮ʣǬ幬ǰֻǣԿżһԲϴܶŹ෢ڽͷǬ幬ǰĹٹȻʵ˾棬ةѾ˹̫үȭͷ֮󣬰ٹǲһϽסˡ
ةԼè룬Ⱥ˿϶ƽձ˵˰ԣⲻʱֺԺ˵ǰԣżȣ˼ˣ

Դ̫үˤ֮󣬹ϷڼŹ̫үСȫʮСĵչ˹̫ү˭֪һգû̫үȴ˹ĹϷ￩һ£Ѳ̫үεˣ
˭֪ȻǷ˻ϿͣſڷĹ̫үؼңල̫үдʮ

 12 

ϷζûԼºɷȻǬ幬ǰСм顣
Ϸʼĩ֮󣬱Աͼ״ةһۣúã
ةûˣŤͷĿԼһԲӣҲΪ˵˵
ӣ
ã
ة
û޸ˣ

ɺӼ˼ɺЩĻ룬ȽɺɺģҪЩϡ
̫үĻοɺȻСоϲ⣬ǻ˵ĻУ˵ҪҲּ˿㣬ȻôԶôּǵһҡ
ɺжɺ˲Ͷøжȿ쭡
ֻŹ̫үɺ̲סȰ˵ҾͦõİزʶһҲκλرǸ˽ĺˡ
̫ү
㱻ƭˣ
Сʯ㣬͵Ļϥ
̫үʹû뵽ôȰɺʱֱɺһĲʺƨɺ̫үϲ
Եʲôˣ
ڻң
³ʲô
з
˼һڻ˰һɲ·ˣᶨվҲ֪Ů˭ȻͳԱˢøжȥˡ
̫үɺֲи߶޿
һߵɺᵽʱ򣬾ϵͳʾ½͵ģʽ
ɺĿ佱һû뵽ɺô۹⣬Ȼ˳ˣԭɺϥˡ
̫үǵһθɺȥˣ
Ҫ֪ɺڻ֪峤ʲôӣ̫үҪѾ˽ˡ
ɺվڹ̫үȭͷһҪŤת̫үĿ̰ӡصԶҪÿ̫ү壬Եģ

ɺصУʼϸ˼յ顣
ֵʱɺץסԺеС
ѵֶˡ
УӲ׵ԣһǿӲѡȥԼ˸ǵ
޹ŮӺңΪÿ棬ɱŮӵĸĸŮӱ˹Ůֱ̻ѽֺ̻̻еǮƣŮӾ֮ɱѵǵ˾޴ĲƸλá
ѽõϡ
ɺüͷ
֪Լԭ൱㿪ĵĹӣи˱˵ܾܵͺá
Ȼڹ˼ʱ䲻ɺѾĽ˼˵Լˡ
Ѷű⣬ֻǸڻңȻҪBOSSִBOSS飬ȻǽŮģڻϹ۾ͺá
ѶԸ˼ҲС
˵ף˵ǿ游ĸ
游Ѿǿ˾裬Ӧз游
Ǳĸ
Ϸ˺ҲȷģϷǸƿǿˣּҼеĲƲҪȻҪǮ֧֣ȺܵܣûˣǮȻǶ̳УֺϷˣ˳õǮơ
˵Ѿ¶ˡ
񰡣ɲ԰ҲһϷЩҩЩҩģûʣµҩֿʲô򣬰ˡ
İϤʾʱ˫Ȼһ˯ˣ
⼸տʢʺ;磬Ϊ;գʵϻΪѡͲ˼
˵ڻûǰ;ǸҲǸҲƤּãҲвҹŮ塣
үҵŮ֮һߵǰͿͻȻδǵŮƤˣҲֱ
ֻǣһ̣ͷˡ
ʧ֮ŮûӦЦСǲʲôëÿȥé˷𡣡

ԣո򼱣ﲻסˣ
忴ɺǵģޱ飬ô壬ҲϥһүܱС׷ŽС͵Ҫ
ֻǣɺӵЩϡ
ڻʺҲѾȥ;ȫŮõĳԺȾϯȻѾɴͳȥ
ɺ˯Ҫ
ԼүķԸĿԼҲүһۣǣ
ôΪɺ룬Ϊɺ˶飬һү֮Ǳ˼򣬿ô˵һбð˹ô죡
ôǲˣ

 13 

ɺϼܷһĵ
Ըܣûκγɹ򲻳ɹʾһձȽæԸأ
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ǧıֹǧִ˻
ǧֿɺʱҵ˾ǣã
ɺ·𿴼ǧ󻶿ҡڵĴβֱͣӣǧʵ̫ˣ
ַʲôˣ
ɺùǧȻǾ𣿡
ɺ
ǧֶԼûȷ֪
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ô˵ﾭʲôȻΪ˳س
ãϥ£ǧֲɺ˶оûУ
ڹǧֲôķϣɺҪͷǧǿƴ˹ǧ֣ѹǧԼ
Ī߻ˣýʲô£
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Ͳ
ɺĹϵá
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⻳Щ޶ˣɺе㵣Ĺ˼ҵĻǶϷ
ɺ̧ͷǧȴǧԥĵͷҵû뵽һ㣬˵еȥ顣
ɺһϹϲá
ǧɺӣͻȻ游èûʱȵģǧ̲סһɺԴƬֲ̺Ȼջ֡
ɺһůͻȻһص޶ͷ岻ãͷͦİ
ǧޱһƵڹǧϣɺ˱֮󣬾ͽ໺ʹĹǧˡ
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ҪܻپһЩദһЩͺˡ
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ճȷû
忴˿ɺͷͦģͷת̷Σ˼Со
ϵͳĲ˼ȡԭرը
𣡾ôŹ˼ɺˢøжȣô࣬𣡱ҪԱˣ
üʮ꣬Ѿʮ꣬ʮԳƱ֪ܡ
ϵͳ
̤ص㣿
ǣʮôͲǱˣ
ϵͳ룬עɣ

ǧ͹ǧһǰҽѰոϷ˿Ĵ
ǧԭӧԼǰȥ
ǧĳ۶ӣŹǧһˡ
ҽſʱǧͻȻһܳȥĴһ˼ϣôˣ˻үˣ
һүǧʱģϸǰˣߵСˡ
ǧ衣
ȻûвҴţɫཫԼĿĸ߹ǧ֣үּҹݺֹҷүּϷǷ顣
ҪԼľͷү߹˼⼸ǹǧ֣ɺԼүļϵˣ
˼ҵ˲Ҫ졣
ˣɺ岻ã˵׵˲࣬вԹ˼ڲ˼δͳĸжǧΪˣͬɺʣǧֵܶˣֹСпܵľǹǧ֣ǧ˴СǷ³һ֣к¥ﲻ֪֪ĹΪүһ÷Źǧ֡
ǧһϲɫˣҲ¶ģһ𰡡
ͷҲãĹӽջȥ֮Сǰһү
Լٵӵһ
һһǧֵͷ
ǧ˵Ϲ˼ɵӡ
˿̰ľԴ֪ʱӵ壬˿Ѿͬɺڽͷ̸
ɺԴ˹˼Ҿûţû취ϧլб֢ܾһȥѾܶɳɱ̸ָ͸
ֻǣЩԶ˹ǧֵܶϰ֮󣬶ԵȤ׷ڹǧߺ
ǧԶȻҸԼĵ
ɺԶȻѹ뵽ľ棬ԶѰľһֶ۵ľ
˭֪ͻȻͳˡ                        
ߣϵͳҪԱˣ
壺ʮԳƱ֪ܡ
ɺöҪͶιܳԵ֡
壺ͶιֻܳԾͺá
ϵͳ˫깷

¶СС͸պۣķ·ϼ̫ˡ

 14 

ǧ͹ǧɺѾǶֵû뵽·ڨ˧糤Ҳ˷ʣ˫
ɺѹסԼӿȵ뷨Ҫ岻Уݲ밡
ɺͷԼƽʵӿʣ

屾Լļ飬ܲסϵͳһֱ֣һ䣬ľˡ
ϵͳϢġ
ɺȵ̧ͷѹأ˵ˣǼΪӢġ
ֻɫеڰ
ѵֱĶԷˣ
ΪλͻȻɺɻ
ҪȵˣɺϽͷлԼ󣬡лˣүŮŮмһֱ뵱лֻδҵʻᣬ˱ֻ˼ֵлү¡
üͷ΢΢壬˽¿Ķˣܾɺ֡
룬ʹĲһ䣬ĹⲻȥͲΪɣҲɸһ
ɺ
廹ͦġ

ֲһ䣬ٸˡ
ǣǧ͹СĻôǰNɪ
ɺ
ͦģǵһ˵Ϊʲôĺദһ㡣
ҪǱˣǾˣɺҲ䡣
ǣĴȱ뱧ɺɸүģɺһ͵үС
忴˿ɺͷɺͷû̫װΣֻҲ˸ֺܵĳе׺һ͸ɫɫС
ʹĶɺͷ֣оԼͷϵѹɺȻ̧ͷ
е㻳ǲǲӣ
嶯΢ͣͣʱջָԵԼ飬ɺͷޱһ˵ú
ɺ
еϤÿμ뻳Ŀģ־Լ̫ɡ
ɺᣬ϶䣬˰ɡ
һԵҽĶӶҲǰƭҪǸ龩Щֻù˼Ƽˣǵôүֲɡ
һүȻƭС
ǰ飬屳֣ĴӲ׵Ϊ˺ͷۣҰæǡɽճҽϾҽǰּΪĸΣĸ
˵ŶԳҽʹ˸ɫҽ̹˹ϵ˵õУܰﵽС㣬ȼü֮Сףòˡ
ԣһ㶼ԹԼ屻ɻҪԱΧ֮١
ͳҽô˵ɺΪǹ̫ү塣
ҽæϷ˵Ĳ飬ǶԲ
ɺʱһϲҲƴǣæллүлҽ
ã彫еתֵ쾡£ҲٵּңСͳҽǰȥɡ
ҽвޣ׵ӴһЩס壬үżȥɻʲô飿
ô
ող˼ҹŤͷߣһУ
ջδϢСƬ̡ʵĻͷһϲãոպɺ̸ڼѾճ񣬶ƺΪ˺ü䣬ճѾȲϳ˯ˡ
ҽһԴ롣
ȻѾ̬Ѹʧɺͳҽǰ
үͦ˯ģɺ˵֮ѸԼͣʼˣο
ڻҹĵĻһ¾ͺãҪʲô˵
ҽӵĿɺ㲻
ҽһҲ˼ںС̸飬ȰɺԶһЩֻԼȥҹɣŮл֮ģ

ɺͳҽûߵּſڵʱ򣬾һֵãôˣ
磬ôڴ˴ɺ졣
ȥҽݣѯҽݵĴ򣬴˵Ϸ˵ȷˣǿҩѪҩû⣬Ǳּ̽̽Ҵ﷭ȥʡ
ǧߵǰ˳ҽҽôҲ˴˴
Ҳǰֹˣүһ¡
ǧɫĽ
ɺһЦǱлүˣҲǸո·ͳҽү˵游æҽĸ˳ҽүǹŵȳ
ߣɺүǹŵȳ
ǧǲ
ǧ֣ǲ
ҽǲ
ǧ&ǧ&ҽ
壺΢Сղ~

 15 

ŬǰŵİɵһͣС˵ү
ȻŹ˼ֵܲڣȥСˡ
үˣҲԼүˡ
ǧüͷ΢壬Ҫҽ游ȻԼȥôܰ޻̸֮ȻԱûġ
¹ǧ͹ǧֲԼүĻԣɺߣЦ˵С㣬Ȼȥĸ
ɺͷֿ磬Ҳһȥ𣿡
Ȼȥǧֵͷּգôܷɺǰȥ
ɺؼ̽Ϣܿʹּҵÿһ䡣
ȫˡ
֪ǧ͹ǧɺ˼ҵ˶൱ء
үɺǳʱܾ֮ÿյģȻ֪˼һ㼫ã֮ǰϾǽиǣܽ߿㣬ܾԴ硣
ԣɺҲҪ޻̸֮ʲôף£ĸ׾Ϊ̫˼ŻᲡ˸ϽԱߴǻ
Ҳŵĳ㣬㲻Ȼؼס죬ĸ˵˵ĸһֱ߶֣Ĳ㣬Ҳͬ˵ڹ˼ңĸֻҪ㣬ԭʹȥ˼ҽ㣬û뵽㾹ȻԼˣǿϬ
ǧüͷ˽ѾʼּңҲ鵽һЩɵ㣬ټԼú͵ܵ嶼⣬ǶҪּһԻˡ
ǧЦһ
ɺѵͷĸʮ꣬ȻĲĸ游Ҳ൱ĸ壬˵ĸ˹ҽصΪĸ
˵ţɺ㿴ߵĳҽ
ҽЦЦ˵˵Ϸ˲ಡգ¹ٲţóΪ߿Ӧ˹ɵΪϷΡ
үһҿҽʱûĹǣѡ
ﰵá
뵽ɺȻҽ˹
ǧ࣬Ϸ˲ӲãҽҲ飬Ӳã¾ͿʼΣϷ
ɺʱĻᣬָָм˵磬ĸƽվϢ
߰ɡǧ˵̧Ⱦߡ
ѸϽֹĸϲҩʱϢ
Ŷ˼óҽȥ𣿡ǧһһУ¶һζҽɲףǾȻ˵ҽƲϳҽҽ
ҽ
ձɻӣӵǣԷȻɻ
Ϊʲô
ֱ̤ĸо
żǧֶ˵ǿɶһ䣬ֱָּҲҽּôҵ
ɺ˹ǧһ͵
ǧֵĶɺüŪۡ
ǧ򴽣þȻ͹ǧֵֶĲ
ǿû˼ĳҽΪĸּҵңֻĸ¿ȻϢȥѯһĸٴҽǰȥֻԵһʱ䣬ҽǷԣ
ѿ˼ֵܶĲϲˡ
ҽҪӦͻȻǧѾվϷǰ˵ϷˣǹɵĴӣգ游ҽǰΪΣи㡣
ҽҲ˵ˣѹ˹֣Ȼе⣬ҽҲֻ֣ǸջĹ˶ѡ
ɺͽڹǧߣֶŹǧ¶һõЦݣ̫ˣ
ͲѷϻƾΣ
Ŵ򿪣һӳǧ˸
ɺҲǵãȻǴСϷߵѾߣǱһֱΪ¡
ҪӿڣҪ¡
ɺּңٿߵı磬ʱ˰ȫС
ɺ˵ײӿ첽ȥ
ߣɺȴЩɻףүôһ˼ҾʧˣѲΪ˱ӣ
С㣬ɣϷϢĪҪš
ʵĸۣϷ˴˿̻˯
²ǳʲôҩɺӻû׷ѸϷһ̹ɵĸĸɺˣ
Ϸֻһʹתѣûڣֱɺ»ˣɺ˵ʵѰ游˼ҹ룬ʵǲ̣ҲҽΣҽҽн
ɺ˵ţִ˵ҽĸˣҽɣ
õġҽ첽ȥ
ɺԶţּ˻һй˼ҵ˺ҽڣּӶһһ
ЩλȨصˣǵġ
ɫС˵˼Ҳ˵ʱﲻϽӶ˽Ϸ˵ҩһӽǺڻˣֻҪûЩ֤ݣʲôҩ˵㡣
ߣҽձĿϰ๷ղأ

 16 

Ϸ˱ɺֻһҽˣϷһϲҽ𣿡
ǵģĸ游˵屧صġ
Ҫ鷳ҽϸˡԴɺȥ˹˼ңϷ˱һֱಡ齣ЩϷѾ޼ɺ
ɺԳ֣ϷٲѵһͨɺҽҲˣϷٿɺǱõӣʶȤı͡
ҽ֮ҲüͷϷ˵ȷأӶŨصҩζֿɬɵľˣϷϵⶼġ
ҽϷ쿴˿Ϸ˵ͣù˼ֵܳȥѯϷ֮ƿϷ˵ӿ˿Ϸ˵ĸ첲ΪϷ˰
Ϸ̲סʵⲡ𣿡
Ҫǹҽûӣǲľֻ׼ˣšϷ˲Ļ
֢ǸòĹˣҽҡͷҿ³Եҩ
Ϸ˿Լߵӡ
ӺܿͺѾߣҩ˹
ҩǹ˼ֵܶҽݴõģҽݴͳҽĻҲ࣬Ϸ֮ǰĲ֢ͨʹˣȻЩСë
ҽҩüͷڴרķӣҩû⣬ҩҩûд
˵ӦóϷ˵
ҿɷٿϷ˰ҩҩ
Եȣūȥҩںδ
Ѿվڳҽߣ΢΢𣬹ҽȻһ۾ƳϷ˵ĲԾҺԼϷ˻ɣճ׼
ɺɫ糣ĥѲҩû⣬ݼ̫ûƳ
Ӻܿһҩҽҩϸıһ
ϷųҽӣѵϬϷˡ
ϴŹеѯʣҽҩʲô⣿ҽݴǰ
ãҩû⡣
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ϷǱҩѪղӦһ
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˵Ϸ֮ʮТԺȶϷߵģӦû⣬пɻǳԵġ
Ϸ˻ʲô
ϷԼ˼ѵΪҡ
Ϸ˵ţһѪ˳
ʲôɺͻȻʵ
ֻЩҳСʳˣǶôԵġû뵽ɺȻдһʣѸٻش
ɺԼһϷ˵ĳʳԼոûѾ뿪
ţͻȻ⴫һ
Ϸ˳Թҩ˵ţóһҩһѡ
ѺһѾߡ
ѵʱͫȻһͷ
ָѾ߰ɣ֪ϷǷʶźϷ˵һѾߡ
Ϸ˳ĬƬ̣˰ݣļҵ
Ų̫˼Թ˼ҵ𾴣ûвη
ҸС߰æ
ɺĿ˼ԣǰǿڹ˼ϡ
ѵһ
ɺ԰ҲЦЦ
ǧźۼĵ֮䣬˵ǲ
ֽԼģǧû뵽Լɺ¶Ȼ˼£ɺɹ˹˼Һ
ǿүŬԼס
ֵܵûõǸɺΣɺưܵ壬ܻã
ǹ˼ʵǿ⣬᲻£һ񶼲ɺ
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˵С˸ʱ򣬾ͿŮĴӺųȥұȥͿŮӶβһ·ŮҪⶫӽǺڡ
ר¯ң⽫ڻǺӣ̶ʮ
ɺǶ˶ͦصģѹþǸɾ
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Ůͱ˵ӡ
ҽҲͷ֪ˣϷӵȷҪ飬Ӧº֮ŴϵҩȥҲûʲôƫƫҩһζϲΣȵĲҲ˲Ƭ
˲Ȼ󲹣߲˶ʳҽϷʵϷ˽Ƿ񾭳ѪѪƤҲѪ
Ϸͷҽһֲ
ˣ˲ѪѪ֮ЧҺʱ仹ãû˵ȸ㿪ӣⷽϵĳԣճʳҲעЩ£Իָ
лҽϷһԼǾ֢ʱ˾
ǿ˹ݺǧϷ˲βûȤǾֱŮı˶֮˵
ŮһţϽġ
˵˶ȻҪĻʵǶ񶾣ıϷˣС㣬׹ҲдֱʣһСŮд˵رı⾾ıȻӦҵר֮ˣ·ϱʾүүѾ˴ةϴ˰
ɺΪտ»һۡ
û뵽һϤ
ָ
ǲ٣б½ʧͣ£ֻܱ
ϷҲ뵽һ磬Ϸɨ˵ûнҵĴЩҽдҲּҵĴּˡ
ףٴβ鲻Ըּ̤ҴţةһõģſھʹŻٸѾݺ׹һ²򻤳Ǻ㵹Ѿ߷ϰ죬ǲϽٸĪ˽Ѳıɵ־ǵУ
һڴñѹϷ˵ʱû
ּıүֻǲ鷳ү
Ҷˣֶ飬鷳ߡ
ةͳҽ˸ͬ
һձǿиɻļһ
ةɺǹɵŮ
ɺԴة˸ӡ
ةɺ̬Ȳѡ
뵽ǰЩӴСﶼģة͹Ϊɺһܣŵ飬ةӦϲɺ
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ңةʵЩ¡
ɺ¶ŤةͻȻЦЦҽŹɴͲǾɣɷ񡭡
ɣ
ɺû˵ͻȻǧǧ֡ͬľܾة
ة
ˣ
ʮͲ岻֣
ǧǧ뿴˰˵ʲôɣúкιϵ
ǲ֪ǰ棬ԭСƬֵ̣ɺıɱһֱһĻҲһ䲻ɡ
Ѿǰˣ
Ͳģ
㽫ɵͲ͵ˣӴ˱ֻһͲ                        
ߣ壺Դɺ͵ıվ
?͵?壨֣ӿĵСʹ͵ղغۣҲ֪ܲܵ~

 17 

Ѿ߱ŭةˡ
ɺ֪¶Ȼּ˽ǡ
ֻǣÿа취Լժȥ
ɺѡ
ûԼĶ⣬ǴУѾŴͣƴĶһ㣬޶˺ëֱ
ɺе㱻񶾵񾪵
֪ѵĶɺּǳ𣬲ĿĲݣҪɱһδβֻԽֻȻߣɺǲԾüͷ
ɺһʤȯաִ΢Ц
֪еľ飬֪ѵĵƣİ
أþıλþҲûĻʺ֮λ
߰ɡǧսɱ꣬ϵϢ൱Уоĳոɱ⡣
һڹеŮӣ˼˶񶾡
ǧվɺߣ룬Īűˡ
Ƕ񶾵񲻹һǧ͹ǧֶûע⵽ȫ̿صȴ
ɺͷһﱻϣֻԷ˱ıǩ
ôɣҪЩɺܵĴĥ³

˰£ϣּҡ
ּ˽ȫԼϡ
˵պԼŮΪɺ˴˰ݺϷˣı˹ɣɺ
ϵĵ˾ڴɱˡ
ּǱƳӵģ̫үҿǶ󡣡
ǽѵĹǸݶϸġϷ˵ţϧɺ֡
ϸЩѹ飬Ϸ˵ţǴ΢ЦĿԼӣȥؼ֮ʱȥةӵľϯ
ǧȻּҲ̫ȤҲЩƣ˵ôãѾԼжϡɺԶŵСùãּҴϵ¶ǻˡ
ҲǴ󻵵𣿡ǧɵķʡ
үΪԼ粵һСҲû밡ǹŵżҵˣ˳ְһѣ˭֪Ǽ˶أ
ǰϷЦſԼӣ֪ѽǹ˼ҵ֣Ů˽飿Сﲻһ㡣
ү
СʱÿҪӵʱ
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ƨүԼ״ְƴͣɺͣɺܾʹһģһģѰæһ£Һɲһ
ǧսûɺʲôֵǮͷ棬˵Ѿ͵ͷŮᡣ
үһҲˮ
ǧΪ޹СΨһּһӴûеˣһʼǧֲѧ
ǧսȺ廹ˬ죬γ˵ӣ˼˭°εӣ
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ɺĬĬԼĸߣĸƽ
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ԶƽջϲɺɺԸ⽫Զиǧʺ͹ǧչˡ
ܰԶԼߡ
Զ̲Ƴˣûи飬ǧֵܶȻСԶܺãҲչСܵܣɺܷԶ档
ǧʺ͹ǧ㵽֣Ť
游ǧʺǧ飬ɺҡͷԶõȤǧʺǧѧһЩɣ壬Ҳڱ۸ˡ
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ǧֶɺգգ۾ƾЩĬɺãǧ顣
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ʲôϵС֪ԼϷ۵ĿԼŮ
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ɺĿϷˣĸҲòˣҪ˵Ҵĸࡣ
ɺŲ̫ү˵Ƕһ¡
ɺǰֲȥá
˼˵Ҳ͵ıֱֻǣĵҲȻ졣
ɺʱ򣬹˼˲ֹɺȥɣ䣬ˡ
ЦǺ˵Ƕϰˣ㲻õġ
ǧʺ͹ǧ̲סû٣㣬ú䣬ҲҪ游Ͳ
˼̲סɺ
̫үû¾ڴǰҫһ޶Ͳ˼Ҫˣɺ岻ãֲġ
ǧʺ͹ǧͷǵðˡ
ǴүӦ죬ҪС£ɺֲ˼Ļ
˵ҲҪٸȻҸĶ
ɺ뵽˼ҵÿ춼Ҫ䣬ͲʵǣȻҸǶ֯ף
ֻǣ˼ҵ˼Ѿ֯ʲôˡ
˼ķˢ
ʵ̫ɶ̫                        
ߣ壺ֻǲɺͲԺһ񶼲ǣ
˼ˣòи˵Сûȣͱӹˣȷղغ۰һǵ

 18 

˼ڹ̫үͼӴ׵˵һҽּϽ͡
̫үûסƢһ³֮󣬰ȥ塣
ŮСڱϣۣɺůʲүϽб˿ǻᴫЩү
˵ھûиǴӾӳģͬǵ佫ߵý
˼Ұɣ˵Ǵͳ佫ң˵ĸţھҲ˸
ɺ̫үͷ˻ҪŮɺҲĬǹ˼ҵĺˣҪɺ崫Щ飬뵱ңѡ
屻ѣҲЩԥɿŹ̫үҫĴԼͲһ³ͱóţֲġ
ϵͳͻȻʼԺ١
̫үۿԼȰ壬Ȼûһգ۵ĹѾ򶨵ķȫǵ˽֪ɺľˣЩʲôлɴ
ɲعൣģ塣
ϵͳ˵ģÿ컹ҪӴĵҲࡣ
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ÿľԴװǲǶˮ
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ղߣӵһŬֵСɰ

 19 

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ԺͻȻ֣㡣


 20 

ɺм䣬˲𣬹һֱţۿҪðˡ
һλʵ鷳ɺһЩ˽ȥؽбţ´á
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ң徹õ湴Ů

 21 

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ҩҪǮһÿɺ࣬ɺûһת
ϣɷ̫ҽԺ輸ҽɳûʵ
֪ȫ¶ΨһĹ۰ͷӦˣǰЩӲҽҲ˵ٸŮһҽϿЩŮж֢״СͻСܴĥõľȰɡ
лϡɸϽл
ֻǣϸʵǣɼﵽʲôôóԡ
ӣ֮Ҳ̸Щĵطϱְס˺ġ

϶˻˳̫ү̫ҽԺҽһɺϡ
ɺҲδֵ
Ѱ򣬶ȻὫɺΪӪ
ҽһּһǿһЩͬȻʲôҩһȶֻ˵ȥҪٷҽҽһ
ȻûнôһЩϣ̫үϽл˼ҽ
ԼĪգҽǻҵѹɺ϶ԵĽҩ
ֻϧҩ򣬾ǸûУҩҲΪѰ

 22 

˼ҵ˵ǲǼιܹ㣬֪Ҫζҩ˼Ҽү飬ӱ޵ǱߵͬŰæѰҲҩ
̫үǰﲻ϶æ볯Ϊ֮󣬱һֱھǱߵĹԱҲֻ˵ϻûйϵرõģ缸ӡ
̫үҲĥҪҪæ³кǱˣ塣
ֻǣ嵽⣬֮ɢһʱ䣬һ£Ϸȥ˱ϰҲ͵δ飬ͼɳһҵעǸϰһ㡣
֮Ǳ߱û˶ϵ¼̫ү˼ˣҲ̸塣
ƽӹ֮˼ҲĻˮܲ㲻롣
̫үЪ˼רעȶߵϢ
˺Ϣ̫үȻҪοһɺɺҪǡ
ɺЩӣԽˣǰճʱ̫żȻֱ˹ȥ
ɺһֲϲѾ߽źɺһֱԶһϢ֪ʲôʱ˷ɺˡ
£Ϸ˱ÿѾ߱ݣɺһӦѾҲΪ
ɺЩŤȻ֪ЩѾ߶ǩȫ൱ڹ˼ҵĲ⴦úʹ򷢣״ִģ̫ϰʹˡ
ĸ󲻸ҾܾȻĸЦеģǾĸ¡

˼õֿӱǰƥպõһ
ĺѴ֮󣬶ֻһϢĿǰ˼ҪҵʮƻûУֻƻƻֻʮ֮ҩԡ
˼Ҫֻȥ壬пд˻
涾ҹߣͷʹ̣Щҩﻺʹ
˼ҿŴϢЩΪѡ
үŤͷүͷʹܲҵҩѹͷʹЩƻ
˼жүʱãӴࡣ
үҡͷȥʱ򣬼û˯뿪֮ǰģҶһ룬⻨ҩҪĻѡ
ү˵ţѹ飬Ĳ㣬֪˲࣬ϺͼӦ֪ġ
Բû˽Ҳ壬˯ŵǿҲǸ
˼δ̫ү㱸ȥ塣
˼ԭҪɺģɺ֪ûֹɺɺ
˿οɺҲǸ
뵽͵Ͳ飬˴Ťһ£Υĵ˵ͦõˣҲȹһ˾ȵף˵ƻҪˣҲҪ游Ŀڲţ˵ҲƵ
ο㣬˼ҿ϶ǵݶġ˼ھҲǴˡ
ɺ˳Ŵ˵İοЦЦ
ɺûëᵽĻʵȣδⷽд
ɺСԸ񰡣ܲһƻһٶһ󡣡
˶٣ɺֲ˵ҲǳҪǾˡ
ǣҪˣе᲻˱
ֻǸڻңҲжӰ졣
ɺȻţϣԶ͹˼ҵܺúûš
ɺԸ嵱Ȼյʾ
ʱѾû˷ܣϵͳߴ£Ҳȥء
ɺڿ죬Ը׬˯ʱ䡣
岢ġ
ɺÿ̶һԸ񰡣ԻɣȻ游ġ
ɺжԸ񰡣Ҫ游ͲҪɡ

˵ֻһģڶǶһˡ
ϵͳ˿飬ΪЩûоܾѡϵͳȡҸѾϼϵͳзĿǰϢŶУŰپʮ֮ϼϵͳд
壺
㲻˯ˣȥ˼ҳԷ
ɻûţյ˰
ɵݹʽ˵ɾſڵȺš
΢΢Щɻ˽ȥǰ
̫үСˣÿ϶һ˲ĺϻӣ岻ô򿪿²õĶǸ
ϵͳ̲סԼȿˡ
Ǹװǣ¹ף֥˲ΣѩͶĲݣƷ඼ܺã޼ۡ
ұǸװһӵҹ飡ǲ̰٣˼ôôǮ
ѪˣûǮǮ¥ǹϷ˵ܵܿģ˵ܵܿ¥ȫϷϷ˵ܵǸˣÿ꣬Ϸ˶õһ¥ķֺ졣
˼ȫǶϸ˼ҡ
һóôණ˼ҲǴѪˡ
ϵͳѵñһҲѵûͻȻϵͳֻȻ
ǲɺˣϵͳԼˣ
оɵӱĿڲò˵
̫үͷ岻ϲͬ˴̫Ժ䣬ʵ˵Լ⡣
̫ү˵СĹ۲˵ķӦ
Ҫƻʱ嵹ûб飬̱ɫ
⻨ˡ
̫үʵΪҼӴӾһЩүйصĴԣ˵үߣ֪ӿ𣿡
Ҳ֪ƻүΪҪֻҽҲ˵ˣСŮĲǲʱƣϲ£۳ԽԽǰЩӻ˹ȥʵڽźƤү֪үɷ
΢΢ššüͻȻ֮ǰϵͳʾأȥֻ֮Ƽɺ˯Ϊϵͳǹ˳
һ룬ɺʱɫҰֽӦǻŵģʱ˼֡
ûԥѯʣƻù
û뵽붼롣
İŲŲͨһ¹ǰӣ˼ûƻ´ôҩԭ⻨ʱǻʹ̣ÿط꣬Ѫû⻨´ηͦȥҪѪҲ˿ô죿
ÿηʱΪ̫ۣܻЩëϸѪѿƤϴƬƬ࣬ÿζҲ̶á
̫үҲձ֪Լ̫ǿѣΪɺ̫үǺƤš
޷ȥášü
޷ֻȥҩ
̫үС壬˸ɴ࣬ѲĿɺˣ
ɺӡҲܲˣ˼мӦ
̫ү뵽տɺܵĴһ˵ԥʵһ䣬үŮǺ̬ȣү
̫үһᣬΣүɺأү⣬Ҳɻȥһ̽ɺ̬ȡ
˵̬̽ȣʵֻһ̬ȡ


 23 

˵̫꣬үֺˡ
ôһжԼŮء
ûʽʹɺ
ͻȻյɣ˯ʱӶʮʱʾ
Щ𾪡
ÿʱǸѶȶģǰɺԸϱֻһʱ˯ʱ䣬ɺոյԸѵƻйأ
̵ϵͳ
忴˵Ҳɺ˵Ҫ㲻˵Ļ
һ΢һš
ٻع̫үЩû뷨
ԼӵŮ˵ϵͳתȦȦ
尡ӴԺͲ͵Լ飡ͣ壡ֵģ
ʲôֵġ
͵
Īܸ߳У˵к;Ӹȫ汬Ӱùƻݵ˹̫үУ˵Сҵķ֮£лŮӻǴ£ɻǴӳĺá
̫ү˫еСľУмãȻ
ү˵ĵ棿
޲Լ˷
·ϵʱ򣬰ҩϱҲֵˣ˭֪үǸɵӣ
Ѫ
棬ԡ
̫ү鸴ӣѵǰ壬ǡ֮ǰҰİ

ϵͳԲȻ֪Լ˵ʲô
һԼĴ롣
̫үʹѵϷ򿴴˵΢߳ү
ȹ̫ү˰̲סѵ壬үô;ܾˣ
֮ΣǾΪ
СʯӴɺϥǵʱôûӣ
ɴλᣬ´ȹɿھˣȥ׷ɻüϽȰ
ЮͼӲΪ

֮ǰɺͲʱ򣬿ɲ
ٴԼӣǿҪˣһηʱô죬ʱҲˡ

̫үؼ֮Ҳû顣
̫үɺ֣귢ʣԼǲ֮ǰ̫ˡ
ɺ˿廹ʲô
ɺĬĬ˸ޣĴȣȫӮڻ빶Ϳһˡ
˼ʾ϶кС
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ǧҲûɫԴǧ϶͵Ļϥ֮󣬹ǧÿμ嶼޲ӻ
ɺ˿ϵĹ˼ˣֽĿת˹̫үϡ
̫ү
Ϊʲô̫үɣ˼߶ʮ죬̫үʶԼĴ󣬲Ҽᶨ
ɺԽ̫үԽο
̫ү
оɺҲֵֹġ
õҩģ̫үȻһʱ˹ҽɺҩ
ҩҩȻҲ󣬵ǻǮõģҽҲǴϲϸϼһСĵƻ
Ҳǵһμֳ滨һɺĲˣҽһ߶ɺá
ةȥ˼˻ϵע⣬̫үҲûкõ˵ɺ뼸ҽ
Ҫ֪̫үƤߵļҽˣƽֻΪϺ̫󿴲벻
⻨ļʱ
֪ΪΣҽͻȻĸɺĲ
ܣ̶ҲֻǶסɺڵĶɺѡ
ɺҩһɣҲǵĻҽǺɺӴΣɺˣȿɺҩֶһɺע󣬹̫үźͼҽܿɺ졣
ȹ̫үڣȵҽֱӵʵǷŮĲ龿Ρ
̫үĵĵͷ
ҽ̾˿ǵҲ˵ˣ⻨ⲻ˶ֻܶƶԣԭֹ궬ڶԾͻᱬ˼꣬Ҳ˵õϼ꣬û⣬󣬾ҪֹԼҲʱֹ￴һΪֹⶾ
ҹֹеĶ临ӣҪⶾõҩҲһ쳣޼۵ҩǻΪԼŮЩʲôƽؼĲҩռ˵վˡ
̫үȫţȴ˿
ŹͺãںĽҩǱҾˣŮôãҲҩ
Դϲ飬ֻаһƵ˼ҹ룬ܾôһ㲻þﲻ̫ԾҲ˵ΪΡ
ϵͳ챻ˡ
ϵͳҲһ壬˺˻
ã޹صģÿѲ˱͵·ɺأΪµעŶ
忴ϵͳģ֪ΪΣƤͻȻһ¡
кǧһɹŮ˵ıһǧĬĬ֧֣ɺռǧףǰȣ0/3000ɽǧʱ˯ʱ䡣
ûϵȻɺΨһǿһһ׵ģһʼģ尡乬㣡
壺
˯ʱͻȻͲˡ
屻һɣԼϵͳҲ˯š
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ϵͳ
гɣˣ
Ȱοϵͳ㷢ȫڲ壬ǻϣӵǧ󹬣ҲᱻʷڸɫοŮӣǰ˵ɸɺҲʣǱڡ
񷨵ŮӣȻҲϲ裬ɾ˰ɣأɽŮӡ
ϵͳ
ÿһȫס
ɺܲñ裬ϲԾԾԡ
ϵͳո뷴ȥͻȻѵõĶһ¡
ϵͳȥ˻˿ٽϵͳһ
ͻȻҲüͷ΢΢һ塣
Ҫˣ
ɺ
ϵͳѵõ
Ϊ˵ڼ䣬Ѿ۵öͷϵ˻ƶСĺ顣
ҿ鲼ѹסͷþ˰֡
ҩ죡
ϵͳ֪ûƻѳŹȥ
ϵͳʱ廹ԸϵͳѵĶ԰˵ɺ
˲ö룬Լү͸˹˼ҡ
ȥĸߵ˼ҲǸ֣Ȼ֪ǰ
Ҳ֪ͣɺסֱӽȥɺӡ
үһֱŰʱżˣŮסвڣ
ɰṦܼү׷ϰݣʶָָ
Ѿ۵ûǣԺһЩ
ɺĴ
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ûɺѯʷ˺£͸оԼһĻ
˻͵͵˵һıסɺɺ
ߣ壺ɺŹҾܾˣ׷޻᳡
ɺҲǲӵǧеˣұ˺һһḻ

 24 

ϵĹ˼ҶүȻĻүͰγ˽
Ͻס˶үô죬ҲԼӲˣǡүȥͦġ
ŬԼЦúһЩ˴ˣȻȳȥֿСĹ
үеĴɱأǻ֪Ůйһ˵
ɵ
ޣ
ɱ
ڣܿͻָǣԷſɺСĹ۲ɺɫ
ɺҲķӦɺԤеȻҪܶˡ
үɷɿңҴ£ϸűӣǸִˣҪǸڱĹϣ߷ɱˡ
һ£תӡ
һſɺʹȻϮƺΪɺߵԭʹлܡ
һ㡣ԽԽҵʹ̲סߴɺ
ɺ¶΢΢һͣǣʲô˼
˻
Ҫǰ˸ôĴϣһм˾˺ͱ
û֮ǰһӦѵıƣ˻
ɣǲǺ年һ

˼ҵĺܿ죬ȵֵס˼˹ÿɺ뷿ţҽȥʱ򣬾Ϳһɺ֡
ĿɺҶûбͼСжʱᷢ˲ֻпʱܻ⣬𣿡
ɺǺôⶾԵģ
Ȼǰɺô죿
¶Сѡѡ֮ӵͷɺͬһĿ壬α˵ү
̫үЩԼŮ¹
ɺӡ
ǿĺܽеİЩ㱣ֻеЩԻҲûôӡ
ɺᶨ˵Ļ
ɺôܲܽɺʧ
ͷллҡ

ʲôġ
ˣү㸺
ӵ壬ֹ˼Ҫү뽫Ӵҡ
ҲСŻүĹ
ɺĺ͹˼˶ӣҲ֪Ҳʡ
̫үŭľȣҪôǲֵ֡
ͽɺ֣̫үĹ޴¡
үŽһǳᣬϷԼ๫޴ʱ򣬳ˣүſɺһģ˵
Сһھܾ
ǧĬĬγ˽
ϷЦסˣү˾ʵϣб֪ɺ뷿˴ˣ֣ү֪˵ɺһŮôܳЩԷ
ܹ˼ҵô˵嶼֡
ĽУ˼ҵȥ
ԣүĿǰʱʹɺ־ܻ⣿̫үܽɱ硣
ʵ˵ܱŵĻӦЧá
Ź˼˵ӣ彫ߵʵȥ
ܾ˵ں󣬹˼Ⱥ֮ͽҪ·ˡ
ͷ
Ϸ˲˼ɣѵүԺÿηҪɺ𣿡
ͷ
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šüǲ㡣
ȻתͷɺȢ㣿
ɺޱҪܾ
Ҳϵлл
Ȣ㹻أ鷳лл
⡭һڻҸӵҲûӰַӾͻᱻŲ̊Ľࡣ
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Ȼ뱧ȣɺԼ游ĸ˵һɵƯ
ɻ󣬡ƻ
ǵ¡̫ү廹ɺ־;ۡ
үӦ˰ɡ
ۡʶ֡
ɺ
̫ˡ
ܾ
̫үԼ˹ȥɺڻǹ˼ҵѪȻүԿܲܽⶾ
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үҲĬĬվ˳Ȼһ˱ЩܽܣܲܿԼŮϸί
ܿ쿴ԼǰվһŹ˼ҵˡ
ǲСɺֺһ
ɺ
ûۣͬġ
үȥּƣּ»иͬɺһŮӣǧ޿̣ɺɺ
ɺ
⵹ҲأѾѵжˣҪҲվǱߣô죿
忴Լյ֣еʧ䡣
̫үˣǣⲻ۰
²˳٣ȥּԼĽҩɣ̫үĸˣȥˣү顣
ɵҲõ̫үĲá
峯Ź̫үȭΪȷͻԾ٣ҵΪȷʵС㲻ãҲԸΣٵŵǸ
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뿪֮ǰɺˣֻϧɺĹ˼˵ʵʵ
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үԵ޹ȥɺġ
үнҩҲǺѰһΣֻɺ֣үûзӦ
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ŵʵүҪҪȥСף
Ȳҡͷ
ﵽɤ˻ȥ
ү׻ʲô
ʡ
ɺ˼ǿнһ̳
ǵ˽飬ù˼ʹ̣ٿɵɺ˼̲סˡ
ɺ
ңô˧
ҪƸ񶼲ҪװǣĻĶ
ɺʾ̣ܽͷ絷⡣
˼һ۾ͿɺûǵĻŽÿ춼ɺһ
ɺ˵Ļֺҩ۸ֱ˯˹ȥ
˯ҹʱɺܾڿûˣɺҡҡͷѲӰ
ɺǱԼԼһӰ
˭
⴫ѹŵҡ

ɺСĵĽ˵϶ӵɺ˴ߣôʲô𣿡
ɺƣѹǰϤߵȻ
Ѿܾˣոһֱüؿɺɺתѣ¶һЩټ
㣬Ϊʲô޸˵Щˡ
ߣͺСŮǳϦ֣꿪ĵʱҲҪǱԼˮˮµһһͰ

 25 

ɺ΢΢㶣ҲԸˣ
岻ĵĵͷ
ԭȷģɺһʣ͸ȷˡ
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Ϊʲô嶢ɺִŵ˵ﲻãǵλȨǾá
벻Ը˵
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㿴˹ǧǹǧ֣
ûе£ɺϽ֣˵Ŵϼףһִˣǲ̫ܽͨ顣
ҾǴȷɺ˵꣬˫ֺʮĿ˵ɲҪҵʵҪ㣬˵Բλ࣬ʵ䲻žܾĻ¡
ɺ
ɺЩ֣ͻȻѾߵС㣬ڸ˭˵𣿡
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ɺһ
ѾѸٽɺĹ˴廹ûü˵ͳһӱŸ
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ˣɺѾȻǲͬɺΪġ
ѾߣɺȥԶ
Զӵ֣ȷֵ˾Զɺ˵ʱԶԼСľС裬һԿš
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ڶȥźϴʱ򣬷Լү۾ĺȦ￩һ£үҹûϢã
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忴Űڣʹ˵һϣþܾɽɺ޸ҵ飬ôأ

һҹ
˵ү˼ҵǸѹȥ˼ҵԹ
ŶһҪȢɺǸõġ

㵱ʲôʲô֮ܣǲǾӣԼû
ȻүС˼С⣬ǹ˼Ҳ⡣
ȥʹˣû˼忴ˬСôܴʹ

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ɺ̬Ȼܻϡ
͸ˡ
ÿնҪöμأϵͳľˣһҪ˭Һɺ

Ƶĺǣϵͳʾ嶼֪ɺˡ
һҹʱ֣д̿Ӻ̫ү
Ϊҹǿɺ뷿飬˼һӽ˼ˣд̿д̹̫үʱЩˣ̷źţҲȥ˼ҵҲǰȥ̫ү
˴ɱ̫үµġ
ٵڣĶǳϵİɱ飬̫ңԶ̫үҲδԼһƽ˺ƵССɣҲбɱһ졣
̫үֻ͹Ϸӣҡ
˼ҵУ̫ү͹ϷˣûԱľɺˡ
д̿ʹɱ̫үɺ̧žҪ׷ȥ
һӣɺͣˣǱôңȥ˰ﲻæң簲ǰϢ
ԶҲСŵɺߡ
ɽģɺоһ˿Ծ
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 26 

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νŵⰢתߣȥǸ̵̯


 27 

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Сʹעⰲȫլլģ

 28 

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 29 

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˵٩ɺĪŽҪ࿴˸ˣ
Զüʵʱɺüͷһšˣ
ٿһ۾Ͳˣ
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ֻǿԶϷ˺ʹ˶Щɺ࿴ɲСβ͸ϡ
ɲ֪ԶǰĸϵĲҰΪΣ֮Զͼţһֱɺﲻ֡
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Զദôʱ䣬ɺԶĲ֢Щ²⣬Զп΢Ա֢
ԶԴǣĳЩȴڳ˵츳
ĸԶӰּﲻˡ
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Ϸ˽ϣԶϲԵСĸԶ˹ȥ
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ÿô཭˿ţѾҲйģ߻ȥ磬ǷĶһһӯɺ;ôУ߸Űġ
١ʵֹˣҲȹסԼС
ܿ£ϷȻ·Ĵɺȥ㡣
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ܿյɺԸݣһ
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Ƭ̣ɺ˵ĲĲϣԭҰɡ
Ϸ˿ɺֹ˰죬Բ飬۽Ƕˡ
ῴ˿Լүûס˲֪ʲôӵүүฮңּҽȫڴˣСҲˣΪͬһĿ
Ҳ֪
ᾪ죬ԭղ˴ҹͻȻҪΪ֪ʲô˭֪үȻӦ
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˵꣬ԼĿе󣬡ռ£һɺȡ
ǡ
ûʲôء
ʵյǴٳǸܴĻᣬүȻ⣬Ҳֻķݡ

µֻҪͬλŮ𾭣ҲǹϷ˽ԭ򣬰˷𣬾Ǯ֮󣬱СɳȥЪŵֿΡ
ԺְδԺɺ㱻һЦˡ
Ϸ֪ɺóӦ˶ĳϣɺ֣ʱڱˣʦΣȻ˸࣬ɺýţǲϰߣĸȥЪųԲˡ
ЦſɺҾʹղЩ֣ĸһҲʱǶںԲ衣
㰡ͲСˣǵСӣϲϴաϷ˵ţֵ˵˵Ķͷ

 30 


˱ŹϷ˸첲ҡҡСȺ޿ĹϲﲻҲӸ𣿡
Ϸü۴ˡ
֪ˣҶ˵˼ʱϴ
ֻǣɺȴûô
ǵĶʵûʲôֽĿֻ˿֮󣬴ҵŻḻһЩ̤࣬ϣһգҶڴһЩһ
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ǲزסԡ
˼ҲǴңɺΪȣ󱻹ǧֽߣڹ˼ס£ɻΪԼŮ³ʱةһܣڳҽɺĲɺƵĻǷҾǣΪǼҼһʳû֮һ
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ǵ˶⴫˵еĹһ档
ٿɺէһ¶棬Ǿޡ
û뵽㲻˵һСò
һ˫ﲨˮӣӣСڣŵӤĶ쵰Сذ͸ŵƤ˵Ǿ¿ɰоǵһ֮ƵүҵŮҲ䡣
ּҵĴˣ͹Ϸ˽õĻǰ
ϾԼҷͷ˾ӣϷЦУº͵˵ҵŮɺҲ֪ӹǲЩӲԺһЩȥڹԸһãұԸˡ
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ּҲɺ˾Ķ˼ҹʵһضûУûнãĸǺˬˣϲЩأɺĺĺŹŮЩġ
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ܿ죬ɺ͹Ϸ˾ͱһȦķСΧˣﶼûɡ
˺ܿûӰˡ
ϷŴʧȺеıӰаЦһһһˣԼܣҲͬεɺߡ
Ҳʧߣʵû뵽Ҷɺ顣
ͬԼʧߵĻѡ
Ѽ˰ѱ˳Ⱥ֮ۼ⣬Ц˵ѼѽտÿּҿиĹ̬ͤͤ
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ң
˴µң
ŵ˼ҺҵĻ£˺ƤԭϵңԴԺ涼к
Ǵ׵ãͷԹ˼ҵĺֻ಻٣˼ҳɺȻޡ
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ԼҲʵǸˡ
Ȼʮȴδףǹױݡ
ﲢԼޣֻ֮󣬾еĹȫԼӣĸ׹˺ͨҴ͹˼ҽ֮ʱֻǹӼƣȻٰ࣬ҲסҲԸס
ҲЩŵڲһЩģȢȴмö֮ôˡ
ĸҲǴпˣĸֻӣŮһԾĴһ޲ȥҵĵ֮󣬼ĸµġ
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ȻҲ֪Ŭ£ңΪгЧ˭֪ԷȻ˲ӣպޣЩ˲ǿ֮Ůݡ
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⵹ҲţʮʱǵһŮĹڿͷϵġ
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ⷬ˵ĺƯڳ˶ʱ˴ӡ
Ϸִµ˵ɺ඾δ壬þվȥЪš
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ϷȴδŹѣҵȽΪΪģıĶ֮ˣ㲻ҪֺڰΪ뿪ա
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Ȼ
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Ůڶֻ࣬ɺСһЩûиϣȥĻɺҪڡ
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ղδĵŮûодŮǼӱҵģڶ࣬Ժ۴αȣɺֻԼһһҡ
Ȼ½ɽ˵ƽ̹·ǱƽշѾǶɺƫֳ겻˶ˡ
ѾѾעŵ£ǲСĲ˵ҶһĻֱӰɺһߡ
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һΪ㲻ءոһߣһߡ
ڰ
Ҳɺˡ
Ҳû˵ΪɺҪʲô£ǿûɺˤˡ
һ㹶ʶûУϽɺҸôãĺܲԺǾ߶Ϊá
ɺ

šüɺôأ
ǵû֣ɺĸˡ
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Ϳţ˫ֻɺһºˣɺͷȥɫһ϶ǹģڿ϶Ҳ࡭
ſҡɺЩСû˵˹ϵأɲ˷
ˡһĨһߡ
ɺ⵭죬תͷͿһݵŮӱһѾžֱһӡ
ɺ̧ͷͿ̹רעĿԶӣɺҧո飬Լһ˾رۺ죬ر
ɺݺݵĲĽϡ


 31 

ѽɺΪʲô
룬ѺõΪɺѣ϶ǹġ
ǡɺ˸ۡ
ߣɺ˵ԺЩٸдС
֪տΪ̻ôͣ
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ΪʲôʶŮɺɵĿ塣
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Ů𣿡
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ûСӲ˵
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ԻɺΪʲôôʧ䣿
ϵͳ
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꣬иˡδϢй¶Ͻסɺ촽
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ʶͷ
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ģǾۻۣ˲˵ǾԼɨصζòãɺĿ塣
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Ϊʲôɺʧôܶ𣿡
Լ⣬ҲԼȡ
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ոյĸ̽˷ŽŮӣܿˡ
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˵ֻܵͷɺϽų뿪ˡ
͸ɺߡ
һһӡ
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ոҿ㱻˷ŽЩֿ֣ȥһˣȥˣɺ˵ſߵߣ³ţҼҵġ
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һ
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лҪɺ
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ЩȤǰˣлܡ
ɺȵЩңᶼȳ࣬ԾСǰˣɺϽϲ˲ᡣ
ݹһˮ
ɺڻָ徯Ŀ۳顣
鱻üͷ΢壬漴滺
һС˶ѡȴͦģСܵй֮ȻСôϲ

СˡĻɺҲ߯ˡ
ִˣҵóȥ֮¶лպҪæֻҪһͺá
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ֳ֪ڸȥɺãʧ˴ߡ
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ɺǳ˿дıˣӣѲȥʵίˡ
Ů˵ޡ
ҵŮ˵ңǱݺġ
µķǴ඼ȥǰʦΣ¾۹ĶŮ
֣Ȼÿһ·
ѾĸѾ߿ţֻﴫĻڳŮ
ûʲôʵԵʧ
ⳡıȢ飬ûʲôñӵİãֻ뻵˳Ȼøɾ
ץסѾǳѿ
㣬㺦ҵĶԲԣ
Ϊκ㣿ĮȻ޵ĳ
֮ǰżΣ֮󣬳֪Լֻᱻ䵽ׯϡ
ֱԴģûмƣȴˮΪ˼˴һУŸҵŮӶ䵭ͷֻ汳ġ
˭ҵģ˪һ֣Χû˸˵ҶĿԡ
ж˼ȫƾԼ費˾֣ƲͷϣֻҪ˵㱳֮ˣҿأǲֻΪᣬԴ飬Գҵ̬ĮȻӣҲм㣬Ǳ㱳֮˵ӡ

 32 

ɫҵĿȴɺϡ
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Բԣ
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;ԼڻޱʺϱոûǳҲѲˣڹȻһڹͷϡ
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ոұҩͷΣҶŵ˾ȣôẦ㡣˿ܳӰ졣
㣬Ҳƭˣץסصһ˵㣬ֻΪ˶Ŀ
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οƲϣԼܼ
ңյ飬ߵ
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ԼѾѡ
㣬Ϊ˺ɺһ̻Ůɺвô˵ʵ
ԶⷬԻüͷšţôûƣ
Ժע⡣ᱧȭ̡ܽ
ɺȻҪԱ磬ֻǣɺݵױڳŮһЩʱ򣬻ǳ˵з
סɺ֣Ѹλ𣿡
ɫ䡣
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Į˵Ÿȥ˼Լฮװ˵ˣฮµŮûһ˼ǶΪԭɺιݺ㣿
Ҫιȥ龹Ȼ˶˵ôװ׵˵˳
ΧĹŮǿ߸ǳпĽζɫ
ΪЦ
ɺ಻ϲĪҪɺ
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˵ЩεĿɺԼҲģб£Сж飬ָ˭ģһøѹѵġ
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в²⣬ҲϣϴˣǰСǻӰ츸ǰ;
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 33 

ӳԾ漴Ӧ, 㵱˵, λ£й˼һ, ˼ȺҲ֪Ů˶һ, Ҳҡ
Ҳҡ
ӷѽ壬ɺŮ, ǽ˼ܽ, ĸױһŮ, Ҳϲ壬岻ȢһĸõŮʲô
, Ĺƴ佫ʽ΢, , ˼ұҲ㲻ʲô
ƽĶ, ߵ, ԸȢ
뵽ɺòһת
βö, Ҳ֪һʲô
彣ζ˵ɺҿϵˣҪ֪б˵һͱ͸
˵, 廹Լ彣£彣ɺˣͱ硣
ҽ绹ĥѽ磬ͱô˵ţͽսӡ
ýҪܵĲˡ
ٹ˲ȥɺ˺üȴһֱˤ˸˲档
磬㶼ʮˣô·çײ˵ţһѾͽӷ
˵Ƿ൱ڽ
Ҳ֪ΪΣոײһ£;ûûֻĿϡ
ȻӲվǰһȺھ˶
ǣֻòѯǷǷҪҽΣԾ˴ֻ˵Ҫ´Ҵ뿪
λҲ֪ʼ֮²飬ֻƽ̹·ཻһ񣬾ղĲ˻⡣
ǴҶ³¯ˣ
ʲôȻʼҵİԸ˷ܵأ
ƽضˤӣô˭֪ƽնʲô˵ǰЩӲӭ˸ǧĵ檻ظ檿žǸˣмܲסˡ
Ա߻ӣҲǳ˵㣬ôҲǷүģպ϶Ҫһأһүٺ»ˣĸһŮӣǴŮҲǸù鴦ˣڳеķ˼ʱԾˡ
ֻкν֪岻·ԸĹϷ˿˿ƽ̹ĵأ룬ոڿʲôʲôûа
ոմϵͳһƷ
ƽˤ-ߣרã͸ɫζֻϧǳ޷öԷ360תʽء
۸񣺱Ǹϵͳδ̳Ʒ۸񣬵Ϣʱϵͳп̰ĵ
ͶߵǰϵͳǸϵͳѹرͶѡʹһͶǸףʹ졣
壺
ϵͳĵЧ
ԼѸٱͿյ˯ʱ䣬ϵϵͳԵĻ𣿡
޴޴ķʽ׻ѵ㣬̳³ĴζɿѾҵ³𣿡
ȻһĳĬ
ϵͳѾ
ãϵͳͶǲҵֺСҵ¡Űϵͳϵͳαв˺ϵͳϵͳʮδ̳ǹ
ϵͳͶ߳ɹϵͳϵͳǼ˽׽¡ʣ˯ʱ佫ϵͳʧΪҵˮƽǽΪճǿִС
壺
ɱϵͳ
Ժϵͳ˵չ

ɺͳɽ֮󣬳ȥԼĸףӦֽ֮ν
ɺλ𾭣ⲻȤԶЩºôһɺԶһ档
ɺɽ֮ѾЩˣϷ˺ܿҲ˽СӺͽôĲֺĴһ֮˱ȥ
ɺЩ֣˵࿴
һλֲʧòķ˿ˣĸᶼ᣿
ɺȻҲ¡
ֻǣȻǴˣһ͹еɺɺ࿴ˣ
˻ӮˣϷЦеԼҶϱ
ϱô֪һ⡣
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˸ЦӮһЩҴͲҺۼһֱ֣ǵĸ𣿡
㰡Ϸֵ˵˵Ķͷҿǧ־Ǹѧģգɺû࿴ɡ
Ǻιʣ˲ɱѲƲɺ
þδҲϲȥʣ˵ɽѰһ±ı߶ɽϲֻԶԶĸһǺӾΪ̫ˤ˺üӣǺӵģû
Ϸ˵ţͻȻĵƿϵĲĮĳ·һͷ˵Ӧþ
ɺ׵˳ʲôҲ˹ȥ˭֪ϷѾ˲ҿƲɺ۹ⲻôɣ
ǰģû˼ҹ±
ɺӭŹϷů͸ߣͬûиľżһͷĸϵģһ۶࿴
˴ִֿһֻۣҲǸüĿкӣֻľګѧһЩĸ׶ˣ˸Ͻ͡
ɺûɣϷ鼫䲻ãͻȻתͷˣҸ㽲շ顣
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ĸ˳իʲôȤ£
ɺŤͷûȤ¶ûԭ򰡣ֻҪ˿ģΪ˴Ȥ
˱һةҵ顣
뵽Ҫɺǣȥ˱֪ĸ׽ԭ
͹Ϸһ֮󣬴˲Ų죬һСйϵּҶΪŴҪɺ
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ҲС͡Ϸüͷ΢΢šš
ּҡ˱߶Щѽ˵һֱΪֻּǸͨңû뵽˶ܡ
Ϸ˲֪뵽ʲôĲɵ˵Ͳ̫ƽȻħֶҪ¶һ֡
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ơ
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Զܺ
ϷҲеĿԶ£أҲǺ֣˾˴սģ϶Զˡ
Զƽֻɺ
ΪŹǧʺ͹ǧѧ䣬żҲͬ˵˵٣⻹ǵһΣԶ͹Ϸ˶ӡ
ơ
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ʵϣɺҲ쳣𾪣ĸ׳µʱԶһɣ˶Ĵ̼ŻǵһĻ
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¹ǧʺ͹ǧС˵̼ȶԶʵǧأ
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ΪһСľ۸۸ˣԸϱҲѡʲô˼
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￴Χû˿֮󣬲Сţڴʱƿš
СĹţ︣˸δǰ߶һ֮ԶԶıž롣
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ǹйŮһңϣұ㳤˵ԺĪҪΪұá
ɽϣҵŮҵݻԭΪˡԭ¶ϲŭ˿Ⱦһ㱡ŭ
ԱƢǡ
ǣ˼ҺҶԹұ޹أԺͬұĪΪ
ҪȢ𣿡˵һָΣ󲻹ˣ֮УҲҲʲôùޣǹ˼ôŮӣôţҪȢ
Ѿ˴ôȢõһǾͬáǧüͷЦüëȻȻѾŭ
ƽЩ
㣬ǹ˼һûԹѵһ˽˶ˣ
ҽĻ£ҽشȢ˽ɣȴ˽֮³ȥຮ֮ط٣ؾҲܡ
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ҵǧͽõʱҲǸѾͷֻ֪ǽˣպ򣬱͹ǧ
δ͹ǧĹ顣
޹˼ң֪˼Ҵδκ飬ľǹ˽Ҳֻ޹˽벹һ䣬ɺӺˣһǴ󲡳ӹһ͵ǹ˼ҳ軵Ҳϲ˶
Ųǲˣ游ҵ游
ﲻ֪ǧʵ⻰ʲô˼üͷ˵Ȼ游͹ɴˡ
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ǧŻڷ΢΢ףҪ뿪űߡ
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˵׵ʱ򣬺͹ǧҲЩ飬ϾҸýϵҲãһ棬ʱǧ־ǻҲˣ˼Զһٺô
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ôǧʶ̽ͷ࿴
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ǧѾܶûб߹ѹû뵽ִ֮䣬ֻüͷĹȥ
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䣬˼ұӭϡ͡
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֪һϲ˼ңǸԼȴˣеݰɣ
ǧҲβס𾪺ɻĿ
Ϊ˱뿪
ô͹ǧִˡ
ү֪ѹǸۣǧͻƵߣŮˡˣ
ԼҶȻ죬ɹ򲻲ôˣ
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ҺûŮкܣ˺ݻ˵
ޣŮ˺ÿֲǴ絥ڡ
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ôߵģү̲סСôƤҴСûߣҲû߹۹
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Ժ϶ǿ
һʽĹǧ֣
޿û˹һ
ﵱؼ֮ùҹ
Ӵ˾˷򶼱˵ڶ׺˽ֵ顣
ڶգһӶԷ͹ڳϴǹսһϳʱ䶼ƳһʱڼͼȰˣδ֮󣬻Ͻ̫ȴˮ

ڳ
ҲŹӣˮıݡ
δ˰ٺЩ˵鵽Ҳлģ
֤δĴս
˶ʫ飬Ĩݵ仹ѩдˣ׹ͣĲˮɡ
ʼʱģ˵ŮʩԼһȣָӴ˾ͱһڴϵķˡ
˵ӵԼŮŮؼ߷̼ԾҹһҹϳǼ̧ġ
Ҳ֣ղ³ģ
󣬹ɶʮǰ͵ֵĴУ˹ɼҴǽǣЩȫ˳
ڳãЩӣ֣Щڴϳˡ
Ͼڱ𴦳ܵģҪôЩ֪棬ҪôЩͰˮ˵λпڲĲ
ڳУֻ˿
ҺҺ͹˼ڣ¼ҵ黹ûôעĿ
үƽ̬ϷƼֱޱĶƬ̣˴ة
үʱվ͸һ
ԭ鲻ޣѲӣζͲȥ󳼵ս
ֱʵҪ³ҲδܽĻ˵
үҲĴ𰸣ˡ
ǵȤƺǵһģ˼ҺҵսδϨԲŴϰյУ˵µĶӣЩδүµĴϡ
һΣɺõ˵һϡ
ɺĴ
ɺľܾ
뿪
Դ˵彻Сûеģɺϴдд˸黰ȫÿ춼Ҫʮ䡣
ȻһɺȻҲǷǳӭġ
ÿ˵ʱ֮ʹֱ࣬ڱһ㡣
޹ɲǱƵ
ǰ֮˵
ȻжģƩնɺ֣ǵĸ㡣
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֪ɺڣ˴ɺ壬˯ˡ
Ҹ˵飬϶Ѿֺ֪ɺĵ㣬ͳйء
ɺգһ۾˲򿪴Եʵôһ𣿡
һҭ
ûУϲġ
ϲͲϲô׸ɺҲ΢յıͷ
һ룬ɺתͷðǵİԣϲʲôġ
黰˵ˣѿڶġ
ɺûü𾪡
ȾΪ飬ϵͳǿ
ɺͿʹı飬Ϸһɽغϡͣûá
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˵ɺ˻ĸ첲Ϊԣˡ
ϵűԣ˴첲䡣
ڶѾĩˣô䣬ɺĿ壬Ц˵ɡ
жߵɺķ䡣
˼ɺСϣɺ۾Ŀ壬ô°
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ɺ
ΪͻȻֲԤС
˵࣬ԼΪԼӦ¸һЩǳԼˡ
ɺһ˪Сײһ㣬ˡ
ͳԱ˴˵ĵһӡӦöܺðΪʲôҪô
ɺᣬûôСǸӻ
ԵѯߵĹϵԭѹֵʱΪγôʣ·Ҳ쳣ߡ
Ϊ鿴ˣ˺һ
ǳأɺͷɥ۾Ҳ´ţί
̲סɺͷȻࡣ
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ɺ
ةֻ֪ԺֵļһƵ
ةȻǳԹûԱҪүҽųԹϡ
군ˣ¶ҪǷꡣ
ةҪǾߥ޵ģ᲻Ǩŭ游游ʹӣɺİĸ첲ô찡
ʱϵͳ岻ݴǵָж
㰡ԽһУ
áһҲ޷޸ҡ
Ļû˵ɺһţһ˿ߡ
ôżں˵𣿡ɺɱ硣
̲סӡ
ϵͳְ
Ǽ尡һܸʲôӣҡ
㣬Ȱ㣬ȫӢ
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ã˫йʺƨܣʮСʱֻԼ
ϵͳ
ⷽ浹ѧͦôģҲûô̳ǰôʦͨ봽ܵģܼ⣬ζɿԲ
ɺ˸Ͻ˵赣ģ಻ֽ⡣
ɺŤӣȥ壬ȴƮ
⣬ǡһŸӣһֱһݡ
ٳǶˣҲųʮҲޣϣǶ˲վͻ飬ΪŮĽʸǺڳλӡ
ɺѾ֪תķ򣬡˵಻游
Ȼᡣ
˿϶ɺ˲ġ
תɺֲ⣬ΪʲôҪŸأǱ֣˵Ҳû
ɺŸӵ鲻Ҫ߱ˣɺ˵ȻЩ鷳
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϶ߴ֪ܣԲߺȵģ
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ԼԳɺʾѾʶ·ˡ
۾һ
˵࿴㻵˵𣿡ɺ˵ţΣյĿһۡ
һ࿴ˣ˱żҶɽҲûȵ
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࿴ˣ˯ͷˣ
Ʈ
ҲҪӵİÿζȲ࿴ɺһ塣
Щãͷɺָͷûɵ˵Ҷ࿴վ࿴
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УȸܵĶࡣ
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ȻûУҸûкúÿǣ忴ǰȻŴЩŵ̲סһ¡
󱿵
ɺЩյĴ˴ţӣһӡ崽ϡ
ֻ첲ӲĴ࣬۾͵ĵɴһգգһ۸˵Сϱ
ߣɺֻҪҼֲиİʾܻῪϵģ

ɺߣӣˣҸҪԼģ
л2020-01-29 18:47:42~2020-01-31 19:15:05ڼΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лӪҺСʹ 2ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 34 

ɺһ롣
廹ԭشţ˱۸Сϱ
ɺҲߵĶ䶼, , ɺѹסԼĺ֮飬ǰ˻Ρ
, 㻹𣿡
¾۽˼Ʈһ, ۾Ŀɺ, , ɺ𣿡
ɺڵĸ, ʲôʱ, Ҳûва
㲻Ҷˡ
ϵͳ
ʱʲôɲԣչֳԵܲõһ棡˵ȫݴ򰡣
壺
Ȼһ䶼ûϵͳı⡣
忿ɺ
ɺ, ӽȻˡ
Ҫ, ɺͻȻòԾ, ɺӲŤͷһ, Ϳոջ˯İȵԶ֪ʲôʱѾѹ, ĿתĿ塣
ߣͣ
룬ţҪԵ
岻ͣ
ɺȵù壬Լҵ֪ܵʵ, ɺһݣһơ
岻ۣɺҲûʲôֻǣɺָ׳һЩһѪۡ
һЩŷһµСԶ
ԶӶԷ
壺ҪԶɺߴߣԶҲСˣʱȥ߹һˣ
ԶȻȥĥ
ߣôߴˣϻΣɺһţߣʲô
Զž𻨵Ķһвʵ뿪ˡ
ɺ鸴ӵĿԶӣ룬ǲе࡭
뿪ɺ˴绯ЦݣԶͷԶոʲôʱѵİ
Զɺıͣ۾涼Ȼɺ˶ָͷ
ɺ˲ͲˣԶ𣿡
Զͷ
ԶǸոյ𣿡ɺ̬ը
ԶҲûеͷǱʻһ£Ҫ
ɺûӦе
Զã̵ݣġ
𣿡
Զͷ
еΣաԶ̫Сˣɺġ
Զֶ˶ָͷ
ɺԭرը
ʹȥ򡣡
ԶЦˣ۾¡
ԶڱǰЦƽնûӣֻɺ⸣
ûɺգԶʹչɺӡһǡ
ɺԼҵܵԵߵҲչȥԼҵܵܰ׾ӡһǡ
ԶüЦɺ˯ˡ
ǰ棬ԭ鲻ԽڽһǣɵЦһ·壬ɺԶĻʱŨŨΣС
ԶҲȥ߹ˣ

Զ˯ɺɻԼĴϣɺӶߴͷԵӡ
ɺӸסԼԴôˣΪʲôһ¾ȥˣ
Ժ󶼲֪ôˣ
ɺԽԽѾ˯ŵԶԼҽڴ㵸ģԶѸ´ŵŮ˽
ԶָɺŮҽ
ɺҿ˱ӣϲĿԶԶѧһµʰ
ŮСĵĿ˿ɺڹ˼źӵľ飬ɺҪҽȥô侲һϾͺˡ
Ůʹɺ֮룬ɺ˸㡣
Ȼ黹
ڶʱԶͻȻ˹̫ү
̫үûסԼĿӡ
ԶԼ磬ɺԶϲߡ
Ϸеᣬദʱ֪࣬ͷӸʲôԻ
ֻɺȻΣУɺЦеİִԶϣָԶһӲˣԶԷ˵ţġ
Ȼ̫үѾ֣Զүүߡ
һԳĸĹϷ˾Լˡ
޳ܵͷ
ԶҲҪˡ
˼˶꿴Զ
עţԶҲûʲô仯ָȻɺжԵһ
㣬
Զֶһָͷ
ɺߵĿԶ컹Ҫĳ
ԶˣҲǵǸɰɵԶˣ
ԶĶ켣ḻĹǧ̻⣬߾Ȼ͵㣡
˼˾ǲҲˡ
ǧʺ͹ǧĿɺ
㱻۸ˣǧʾᣬǱҪ޸𣿡
ϲǸ򣬺ó󻹺ף
ޣ̫ү˲ҵĵأ
̫үûɹ˼ҲȱⰡ
˼̰γ˵
Ϸ˶֪óһѲ˵
ɺ
ǶǶAҪʲôʲô
游ʵҲͦõġɺľսĿŹ̫ү
ǲ¹̫үߣ¹̫ү˽ǺԼ
һʲôõģ̫үüɺҲ֪ߵʵݣôܿߣ
ɺüͷ˼
ΣɺĿİ˵Ķã
̫ү͹Ϸɱˣ˼˵ʱüһ
õԼƽҲûĥ
ңүѪҲԼ
ĺܺÿ춼͸㣬·СЩġ
ǧΪþһӾץס˾裬ÿ죿ÿʲôʱ򣿡
ɺ
ôѹǧֵԴ߻ˡ
ɺ֧֧˵
ÿϣϷΣա
ûûɺͷ鶼дϡ
أҽй̫үԲˣ
ԶˣԼλӣɺ˸ţ⣬ǽ˵Եģ
Ȼ߲ڡ
극̫үɱڵˣ֮ǰûϹϷ˸ǰѲ˵
ɺʹϷˣĸ游ȥʲô˰
ģ游зִ磬ɱġ
ɺ
˺
ɺʿˮʹĸɲܿ˰þ͹ˣҪٿˣһôȥ
ǧ̾˿һֳѿɺԸޣһɺ֪ǹ˼Ҿ͸סˡ
ϷɺԴĸߵɡ
ɺͷ
Ҫ˵ʲôʱʼϲʵҲ֪տʼҲǵıĴȣľͱ
粢֪ɺ顣
ճϣ̸۵ĶŮ˽֮¡
ƯĲɣŮôǫľӣºڣǳΪжܽһ󹦼
ôŮˣҲѹ
Ϊºͣڳпڱܺãֻͬࡣ
˳Ȼ˻ϣ磬ϾͰʥּóδȥ
ֱӹϹܵģܽȥݶ쳣һʱ˶ĽŮνһ졣
Ҳͬ࣬úõŮôˡ
ܹ׮£඼˱۵׼˭֪һԾѹŮ顣
ҹҹϸ裬ĽߣԺε
Ůǰ϶ûʲôдġ
¶Ůû˵ǵ˼ʱͻԾˣңԺεڶ˼֤飬֤֤ڣһʱ䣬ӱ˼ˡ
ֱͯſ渵ӵ檡


 35 

ӱۣ˻ϡ
˵³, ûʹٽ, ˵һ
Ҫ㣬֪˭
Ⱥھˣ
ƷϹԱķ켸, Ҫһ꣬˵ǻλ, ǻӵλ¶ס
ϲҲûʲôֵ, ȥǰһ, ΣʱͲϲ塣
ͻȻ뵽ɺ
岻Ҫɺ˾ǡ
֮ͨ, ûг̫ഫ˻, Լͨһ档
Ӽ֮, ȻȰһѵ⡣
űдӵǰ, ʼҵ涼ˡ
ȻҷԸ, Ҳ֪νԼˤ, û˵
ȵһЩѯĹμ̲֮, ӲŽ˵ʣŹŮĻ£ûкѡ縸ʽͻ, ҶŮҲɷǡ
ϸոƽģһڱ߱Եǻ
˵ɵŮĽ̬ǿɰֶˣ
ֻ˵岻á
岻ø£ĽԼֱʯֱӳ˹ȥڵǶˣŮ£û޸Ůͻ飬żʲô
ʯӶǹȥӶǴһƬѪۡ
ӴͷûϲҪŶԲ𲻸硣
ĵɲɺǹɵŮɽҲûٰѵĵΪһŮʵ۴ͻ飿
ʵ۵ĴͻֲǴײˡ
һ֪ӵǸġ
ʵĿһ˵СѾҸɺͻˡ
ʲôȻ̧ͷ壬ģǵ
СӲãɺ岻ãС߲ԸȢĴŮµ˱ҺùȢɺ
ҹ˼ֻȢһ޵ĹŹֹҲСδ䣬ȢɺɲŲڸ֡
ɺֻ֮ŮߵܣҲ̫˰ɡҲߵܺˣ
СԼҲ⣬ʲôģʵżԼĶΪһŮˣ̬¶
ǰ֮ͬ£ѴλڼһֱΪģ׼ºϻ硣ƾٹɴΪ飬뷨ıϣСߴʱعǹ飬ҲǶСߵֲ
С߽һֱæڹ£ûܹ˼СʳסУСථ´ӲΪޣСҪ飬޲ʶС߾ۡûУ빤ΪСѡۡ
ԼʵĽͣʱԼǰǶô嶯ֻµľٶˡ
úԼĻһ
ԭͬĻɺΪ檻ǲֻǣЩŮɫԣӱҲ˼
Ӻˡ
˵ЩٿӣѾһƬ꣬ԼܵܵӣҲҪûûεĶǧҹȥ
ۻʵۡ
ǧôѾ̫ȫȥδӶȥ򣬺ο
ôҵĻҲ
ϵѹû˻
ôҲ
ӹ˳˴ȥˡ

ϴͻʥּҲˡ
˼ǽʥּӵƵĴ󳼼ˡ
ӣ걧ʥּԶұ޵ƽٶȡ
һΣߵĸϷ˵һӦԼĶǶȫȫ
֪ʥּȴǵݸɺġ
ֱõʥּɺκġ
ôͻȻͱͻˣǲе죬е磿
ԱߵĹǶΪٵĹٳڣ̲סŴ̫ǲʹˡ
ʥּϰ׵׺дķɺ塣
ɸ˷صĽԪ̫üЦС߹ʵ飬ſ߻ģ߻ӶСһƬ֮ģҰģС㸣ǸգպȻҸ
ɣޣ
ӣڶŮ֮֡
˼ûн̹ɺأ̫ɺԼ˵ûҶֻȴ̫ˣɺСĵԼĸǲǱ޸˰
ǰϢ㷲ĿɺķӦ
ӦûģɺڿΪ֪߾ɺ̹ףɺһܿġ
ϵͳ֮Աǣ˿̵һɵ
ȻͻȻˡ
ǰһƬ
ϵͳô£役֡
⿪ҵļܣΰˣ
ϵͳԼһ⣬˲ʺƨܣҲ˵ɥĻ
˲Ϻϵͳƽϣֻϵͳİťŷֲʺƨһʹãжϡ
ҲΪӢˣ
֪ΪʲôӲʺƨУɷһ˿˿صĳ
޴ӵ֪ɺǱߵȻ޷Ӧ
ɺŹϷ˵ӣСʵĸһ𣿡
ǡǧһ䵭Ļش
ϷЦеɺͷǸɺô룬֪ҪãҲʲôƢˡ
Ϸӡ
⣬˰ѺԼĸɷ
үϷӦѪֲбǰѽꡣ
˵ǰΣգɱΪ֡үҲʼԼľаԡ
үȻˣֻǲбⲿѾ˵ˣүֻ辶
̫ү۵ĿԼŮȻүûԼķףԼլӶûУ˵뽫ٷȥʱ㻹øȥʲô֪𣿡
үƽϲԼо̵飬ֻǵĹ£ػضˣҺ˸ʲôɺ
ɺûٱүסǿеڡ
ʲôжж׺ɺȻ
ɺһڣô뻹Ǽ޸ߺá
ϾǮ߻׬Ǯ
ܲܲޣɺԼŵȶˡ
ϷЦеߥɺʿ߸ҲȢ㡣
ɺص뿪
ȵϵʱฮŮϢɺŰһЩ
δѾȥˡ
ɺгδæû˰̡
û뵽δЧʡ
Ůֽݸɺ
ɺȲĴֽֽд˰̣ңҫĸԼδŮӵġ
ɺ
ǸɵӰɡ
ɺɫˡ
ԭɵģڵȷˡ
˵Ϊʲôô˽ƽմӲүļӣҲô
߾Ȼ
ġ
ɺ˼˵̬ȣʥּϻеʱ䣬ɺ¾ģǼҪ޸߲屧ĴȿޣͲ֣
ȻδûҸ߳ǡ
ͬϤֻǸպٹſڵһ̽˭֪㿪ʼϲüҵҫ
˵˲ͱˡ
ҲˣҲԼڸδġ
뿪
һԱԼֱ˼ѪȻһ롭ΪʲôҪһɵӱỵ̄
δûҶԳ̹£˵Լ¾ˡ
ɲδ֪Լôɵ
ߣɺȻ͸һУɾҪװԼǸʲô֪ᶨҪ޸ɵŰ䣡
ĸӦʮһ㣬СʹʮһһЩ

 36 

ϵʥּδдʲôʱɻ飬ӻҪɺİȥϡ
ö֮ǰ, в̵ߡ
ʥּĵ, ʹŹʹ͵Ķ˹˼ҡ
¶ߵĴ̫ȹϲ̫ү, ֪̫үþҪΪˣ¶, ̫ҲԼָ
̫ү
Ӷôô죿
ΪֻǶףϵʹҲֻǰ, , ˳, Լּӡ
ԭ廹ҪӸֹ࣬ˡ
ᵣһƸʱò, үֻб˼Ҹϳȥˡ
ӣּ, ˼, ҲΧ˺һΧۡ
ּҵĹƸȴµ˼ҵ, ּ޹, ȺУ̫̫, ڵ۾ˣЩӦּҵģ
Ϊɺȥ˹˼ң˼һټҾȻôûûƤ˽ļױҪȥˣ˼˼侫, ˽ױǻĲ֣ȻƷ㣬ʱּӲ֪ѣѾӶô࣬Ȼࡣ
ӵԽԽˡ
ⲡּҵʱ򣬴Ϊּ룬ּһһҲӲ⡣
ȥ˹˼ңӵǻϸֺ˼ң˸ķӣڹϷҿӣϣ¥Ϸǡ
ɺƳ³£͵ģţ͵ģģʵġ
ԧģĹġ
Ҿģ£Ҳϸıٶȡ
˵˼һӲűˣ׬࣬ɺҲ˲ٷֳɣǷֳɵǮ͵ֲ֪ٸּҡ
ðɺҪĲ˵ɺּҾܽƣ

ϸĶҪ˼Ϣȫ˶ڵŽʥּ
˼ϿΧһƬѹ
Ҷġ
ɺŻûãôҪβǸˡ
ֻǣ˼֣ҺܿͿʼȻͷ顣
ڸѡ
ϰ齻˻͹һ죬ּǹɵŮַЩҪ飬мĻȨ
ɴ⣬ѡַ飬ͻ϶á
Ȼû뵽ǣ˼˸ûô룬Ҫѡһ˼ҽģ
ү飬ҰţͷǸмǽϿţɺٻס
ȫ˶͵۴ү̫ү͵˵꣬ͻȻˡ
ǼΧסˣҵطҲ󣬲ô죿
ҲǸĵطܸĵطʵǲࡣ
ĿǰõطһǰѧʿĵطΪ̰۱ңȫźլҲֻԼݡ
иǳĵطȥ󣬳˻ϣԼĺȥ˵طլҲˡ
һһ󴦻԰԰Ǳط󣬿涯Ӻࡣ
Ҳ޵ط
ڻҲⲢԣѡǻջϡ
˼Զ
˼˳üǧֵǲ̫⣬ܼ򵥰ǰҾͺ˰
ɺ˵̫鷳ˡ
̫үİ壬⣬ǰңǰѧʿǸطԣΧпյլ۾Ͱ
Ǵǲռĺã֮ǰ˵ҲˣҪطҲûãҪԺҪˡ
һֻأܹǸ
ö˵̡
ոյ˸һֱţû̫˶ԻĹǧͻȻõطԾҲҲǱ𣿲вУۻĵطɡ
Ӳڴ£ȸոպã
ҾûͷֱĵۻϵĹǧ֣Ǹ顣
ôˣǧըëô뵽ﶼʮˣʱһģһ
˵ˣǧֲ嵶Ʋͷڶˡ
ǧԽ˵ԽͣͰҸȥʶǱߵˡ
̫үջԼӡ
λüӪߣӪҲҪˣǸպ޲ɵĴ鳼ͷǿˡ
ͻȻͨҲˡ
˼һĸոյϲãɺ˳ݣҪߵģƼ޸ôܿģ
ȫһӭûеȹ˼ҿʼͼǰ񡣡
̫ү
Ͼǻ͵Ķһ󳼶Ҫߵȫǵģһù˼˶ˡ
⵽׻ҪҪ
˼˶Ź̫ү
ǿڹϷߵɺ
᲻ɺô
ߵ̫Ҳˡ
ǡʥּݺʹͶûôˣ
أ˵˵ϲù֣ۡ
ҪûԼ񣬻ɲġ
ֻ̫εŲ壬үǲūȽʥּˣ
һͷˣȥɡ廰£ЦһзĽ񣬷̫Ϻ̫ȥ
̫౻ưͳ˹˼ҵţ˳ֹš
̫ࣺ
쵽ʲôģ
ϵ˲ڣ̫үʱͷŷˣģ
͹˼ҵ˴۵Сۣ˼Ҳȥȿڲ裬ε˵Ҫȿ񣿡
˵ţߵȥǰӽҿˡ
һ⼸ĶеǸ˼ҵģеǸɺģ˼ҵģ˼Ȼ¡
ɺҪޣٴЩزҡ
ɺɺ쳤ӿ˿ʵ۵ʹ͡
ͦ󣬵Ǻܿա
ɺ±ôûʼұԼҪأ
ŰѺӴ򿪣˵Ҹɵһ⡣
˼ôСƻϽɺ޸岻ҵ
ɺһۿ塣
ɺţ϶˶ȴʲô
ްˣ
߻֪͸㣬̫ˣУ
ֻǶԱȻϣʹࡣ
ӱװ޳У챦Уϸƣ̫ү֪Ķֵǡ
˰ү
ͬģү֪ûдŻؼԼûǮͬźȾƣ硣
أ
˼ġ
ү۾ֱˣ岻̵ʱڽ˷ˣ´ȥҲ˷ȥ
Ȼ̫үǼ˵ˡ
ҪǼǮܣ̫үǮûʲô̫үɫһ£̫үĶԼŮԹ
˶ûȥͷʱ;ÿ϶Ƕˣ˵һЩģ
о˷ˣôȱƸˣ
ȻˣҲ׻ȥƤ˵վЩˣǽȥȿڲ裿
̫үǾܾġ
̫ү˸ŵĳ˽ȥ
̫ү˼ƵƵɺ壬һסĸ첲ʲôƣģһߣ
˼Ҳɺ׼µľϲ
ߵ飬Ϊ˷ֹйܣ˼˲ûиСĹǧʺ͹ǧ
һСһＰίΡ
ո£ǧʾսսվʵ㣬õߣΪʲôҪ޸
ǧޣ˵⻰
֪ﻹбˣү϶ͲúöԱˡ
Ǳ˵ûϵ
ңҲүҪ˵Ļȥǰ˵ˣָ˼ŶҪͷġ
ǵ˵˵˾̵һϺõĽҲǱεġ
ˣһԼߵĹϵɺġ
ɺͷֻֽŵĽһ˵ʥּΥ
漴ɺֿĿ塣
ү֪Ҳϲҡ
壺
ǵģϲ
Ҳϲ㣬Ȣֻʥּ
ǵģǻϲ
ʵ˵߾Ǹһȱ㣬Ψһŵǳʵҿһˡɺ˵ţջԼˮߣͷװǿȨˡ
үģȻʥּˣȻٶ಻ҲһΥ
ϸĥɺĻĽȥʵ𡭡˵ߣһŵ㶼ûˣ
ô
һɡ
ңɺΪʲô
ɺ㵱ү˵ʲôأûûС̫үĿѾɣЦտ˵үɺĵӣģӴɺȥۡ
ûϵ
ϷѾ񣬡ǹ˼ôܵأ
ɺȥˡ
̫үֵ۾ǧʺ͹ǧûûС˵ʲôô̺ܽӵģȥúýȥ
ǧԼҪҪͣү߹ȥ˸ͣǧʱԹԸүˡ
ǧҲĥͨˣ游ûùã϶ܿģ
ȵ˵ȶˣ̫үһϧĿ˵ҲͼɺͣҲɺĻˣ»үɺ󣬲û˵
Ȼ˰ɣ̫ү̾˿ôԲ飬ĵ¶ȥˣҲүƭɺȣɺҲûӣǾôʹʹĹɡ
壺
Ļ۵ôҪˣ
Ź˼ҲûһĵİƾʲôҪô
屻˵ͷת
Ҳ̫үмɵκ
̫ү˵һȦ֮Ƕ϶ˣүƭ˼ҹﰡܣ
ǴǺһֱУ֪ĳƣΨһ̸ߵİȥ̫ˡ
̫үԼһŰŶӡ
̫үЦеģۣڹ˼ҵŮԱ˰ɣã
ߵʱ֪ͨס
ϣ廹Ǳ൱ġ
ŶǴҲԣҼǵ︽ЩסӣʱٽЩһլӡ
룬˼ѡòɡ
̫үЦǺǵĸ˸Լļӣһɫԡ
үôԡ
ͷҲˣɺҲˣ˻㱣ȻȥԼĸһġ
Ȼҳδģ
ǰҲǸСôӶĵģ
Ȼһι̫үȴ飬˹˼ǰãڹ˼ǰ֣һ̸
ţĻǺӱߵַѿǲߡ
͹̫үĵþȻϡ˯⡣
Ժڼ䣬忴Źǧַ˹˼ҵǽһˡ
ƤͻȻһ¡
̫ү嶫ʱŷ塣
ȻѾκ£Լ˵ȥϽֵƬˡ
ʱ֮ԼӣүϽֵѾȱˡ
˫߲ƴ죬ԼʲôʱɫûУҪʾˡ
Ǽլǹ˼ҸոģСȥ֮ǰʱʾˡ
뵽˹ǧַǽ뿪ıӰ
ٻٰѹǧִˡ
ܾԼȫ̽ô£
ˣɺĹϵӦøһ
ϵͳԺһĹϡ
ûɣˡҪ룬Ȼʹ࣬ɺѹ㻹ܰӲϹҲóճܹ˯ʱ䣬鷿ţҲÿ棬ĥôһ벻Ǻܿ
ϵͳ
üؿɺʲô
ϵͳԼһƣɺĺ͹˼˳ŵף˼ַɺϷˡ
Уɲ֪Ҷƭ
ΪһͨϵͳһֱǼᶨվߵģƭ壡尡
Ƽһ⣬ϵͳͻˡ
ôˣˣˣ̲סơ
ϵͳǲϲͬٵģλ޸һ
ϵͳ⸱ԾȻû
㵹Ǵ򰡣
ϵͳ͸СǰQ
壺
ߣӣȻͻ˺ƵûϵҲ㣬żظҿ
ʵΪã͵ɲǾӵΪԼ˵ģɺϲʵˣҪĿһ¡
ڲ֪ʲôʯͷԼĽţˣ߽ĵҿ㡣
ĬĬνŪɪļһ
ڴ֮ǰȥȡ
ĸûгһվȻΪԼӵĸһҲʾΪӣǿɴûƭŮ˵飬ǵ
岻ԴУȥ˳δ
δ壬뵽˳ĻͨԣŮ˱ƭ֮˺Ǿ޴޷ģү
ߣ壺Ǳȫƭһ
Ӧûи£ھŵ㣬ŵײĻžʮһQAQ

 37 

δȹ˼ҵȺ˻ף
ŭ֮°νͳδһ١
Լδ󣬳ĬΡ
òײ׷ֵ, δô, ôأûôһ, ȻҴ
Ϊɺ֮
廹֪Լֶһǿİʯ
ȥ̽̽ɺ˼
ߵӣɺĴ
ɺ뵽߻ˡ
ɺƿ, ˶ڴǰȥ
ɺ, ҽȥ, Ҫˡ˼Щֹ򲻴, ϶ᱻֵġ
ֻǣɺһȴûһÿ, ֪ͨǵġ
Ǵд𾪡
Ҳ֪ɣɺε˵, ʥּҺ, ѾĶ, Ȼٺô岻׵Ĺϵ
ҶԲ, ɺͷһƬȻ, Ұɡ
ɺóԼõݼ˿ǿŮ
ȻǱɺݼסˣϽ͡
ɺĶס壬֪һʵ, ҲܶѣǶԱ˴˳ʵһЩԺҪټˡ
壺
ʵ
ޡ
ʱһԵĽҲˣߣ뿪ĪҪΪС㡣
ܿѾҫҪͽ鷳˵̾˿ӿʵص㣬ϣ뿪˼֮ҲܽԼŵ㳤ñȥ
嵥ӴԺͳʵг
˱ʾԼѹҲܴǹ̫үʮһǾԲ˵ⷬͷĻġ
ƺػĺܿ
ȻɺһҲסϷŪ˼ȴܿ϶岻
Ա𵱽Ǹӣ嵹Ǹȡ
ɵ˵㡣
ʧǵĴ뿪ȴɺסɺݸһů¯ůů֡
ů¯岻֪ʲôͻȻɺס
ر룡
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ɺ͵غžһ¹˴ԺһӲӣƵģ
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ǣһɺͲˡ
ܵŮ֮ǰΪ˱ӣǻᾡټģ˼ҾĽڽ嵲ſڡ
ڣɺյ˺öĸ޳⣬ûһ档
ɺҲæ
ϾԺҪв̤һǷҪע⡣
ּ֮ǰҲɺ̫ǣʱҲûɺ޵ֻɺľͺãЩȴǱѧġ
ɺԼҲ֪Ҳҧѧ
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ңЩɺԼġ
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ȻɺǰЩֹĻǱַűƵ
һӽˮŻӦ޸ġ
ȴЩණҪ򣬹˼Сһûм޵ģɺΨһһŮСеһ޵ģ˼ҲǾܷĸɺð졣
Ǻܶණ˼ǰɺϲǾɺɺѡ
˼˻ͼֽɺͷ棬ɺȥƻﲻ⣬ûҪ޸ĺ͵ĵط
ϸѵģˡɺĶ̸ЩĶ̸˽ӽʱʱȶˡ
ȥ¥һɣ˵˵еĻţȥȵ裬ԵĻһ
ĸҾǿ鷳ˡɺһ´˵ӡ
˴ӲԶĲ¥ջߣǰ
̫̫
ſվǰİС̫̫΢΢һ֪ǰ˭ˡ
ߡ˲̫̫ģɺ־Ҫߣֻ̫̫ȴ˵ǰ
ɺҲиȣڹ˼ҴʱҲˣûؼˡ
ɺǰ棬ϴĽ䱸˵ʲôɺҪּңͱˣα˵ĺǹ˼Һɺּһ
ǸֱԸú˶ȦӣҪɺģǰʱ䣬ǸɺѰҽҩʱô֣һɺͻ飬ͳˡ
̰ľɺ޸ү̰ɺ׼ͷΣΪɺ
˿ͨ͸Ǵ˿Ҳû뵽̫̫Ϊ˻ϵǵʹģܻϵʹû취ףּھܳĶûˡ
̫̫˵һ졣
ɺҪ뿪̫̫Ҷˣô뿪
ֽ̫̫ţ̫̫Һ͹˼ҵ˶š
֪˼⼸ȫ˾ĹټСһƽͷղܵɺŮɺܲĻ
̫̫ΧЩͻȻͿ޺ˣǶôô࣬ô̯ôһТŮ
üͷһ̫̫ӲҪɺ
˵ʥּһԾŶ飬ŮƷпǱϲТĴñӣҲʱջʥּɺ֮˾ˡ
ΧܿΧһˡ
̫̫Խ˵ԽίҲôãҲңûĵģǿ˹˼ƴ󣬷ǵôڹ˼㻹ѼǮȥ˹˼ңСͿģôҡ
һӺôƤô˵ˣ
ĵˡ
ɺס˵֡
̫̫Ŀȷ˳淴á
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̫̫ɫ˲ò԰ס
ЩֺĻ뻰Ҳһ˲ɢ
̫̫ɺǿħһ㣬̫̫ʶܣʱԶһܼ꣬ǵʲô
ܼǵðɣ
Χһ˲ʧ̫̫ŴҺͻȻ
̫̫޺޵ɺӣ۵ֲ̫̫ͦ࣬ţһһ꺢ӵĻҲң⻰ʲô˼ѲҶӰȥ֮ԼҶΪˣûĵĲȴ⻰ң
ûĵĲӣбͻȻһ˪аɱϢ
ɺʹ뿴˹ȥ
֣̫̫ҭסˣɱǰΰ
˭㵨
̫̫ʧɫðס˵үϢŭ񸾲˼ֻǡ
ϵͳϲ̳ԹϵʱͻȻķԸ
0049Ķ
ϵͳۣ0049ʹú˵ĻΪ죬۸Ҳ䰺ƷЩܳ˯ʱȫˡ
ȷҪ𣿡
ƶϵͳôǮʱֶڶ
򡣡
϶
Ϊ屾ϻǸ⵰ˣϵͳҲֻܸĻƷʱʮ뵽ʮ֮䣬ĸʱֹնǿ
֪ϵͳܶණӴĲһ˵ǸΪܣܲ׼ȷʱĵλϵͳȴУʮһܶݵʱ䣬ץʱ䡣
̫̫͵Ļ㣬ʲô
ɺʹͬʱʧĿ壬а
ôʣ̫̫϶Ҫ˰
ѣ
̫̫Ťһ̣漴˵үŻϸɺʹ˲ٶңɺҲ׬˲Ǯּ̫ˣұ뽫ɺҪ
ңԺͷο϶Ҳ׬Ǯ
ɺˡ
ɺ˼Ŀ塣
˿̵ɺӲӡ
ʲô⻷
̫̫̫̫սһģֻøǿ֮һս壬ôƽƽһʣ̫̫ˣ
˶̲סԼĶ䣬˰ɣոջܵŭ̫̫ôˣ
üͷšôɺģ
̫̫һ϶񶾣ӵȻǼҵģǮǵģҲǵģּҵѪͱּ뿪ˣһҵŮټȥ
̫̫ͻȻȻֹ̫̫վӣֵͣĿ壬ոôˣ
ôһʣʲô˵ˣ
ɺСĵŲߣﱬϣ׵ɡ
̫̫˿Ѿվסˣ˵ˣֻ뿪
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ոҲԼүˣոյӼֱǴһ
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ӭɺڴּȵߣԼд˯ʱ䣬̲סϵͳϵͳǲǶ
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ü˵飬ڵʱ޸ĳ˴ʮ뵽ʮӡ
ڣϵͳѪˣȻǶ
ϵͳȥˣΪ˶ܴ裬ΪƶѾһ͹ȣû뵽ʱܽޣ
ͷɺǿ԰ǡ
ջԼոյ³֮ġ
ǣ֪ôˡ
СԴΪҪЮ
ɺ
Ʒ
Ҳһ㽲ʱ
ҪôŰң£ɺѡȵͷ
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ϵͳ˯ʱķʽ˵Ȼһڣ
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ϵͳȥһôԼˡ
Լү
Ѿˣȥɺ˵ɺߣûؼˣүչأΪɺǰٺɺΪá
˵꣬˾ʹɺͷҲصˡ
˾̫̫ûô
ɺ뿪
еš
Ӧô죿嵹׷ȥеǵİסˣŤͷǳ֪塣
үżôһҪС㣬һԼĪ衣
壺
ǣǵΪ˶˯ʱ䣬̳ǵĶô޲أɺˣ
ɺͶӡ󲻺ãǡĻˡ
ͻȻелԼڻʼңôŴͻʥּ
Ե˲˵Ļֻ˴˵Ļ˵˾ôЩ飬ǽܱûغá
ټϸոƹҲдԽͣ˭ɺã˱㶼
ּҿ治Ǹ
ɺԲּܻҡ
̫̫ζû뵽ԼȥɺȻķá
Ѹʼδ
Դɺȥ˼ң㼸ûһ˳¡
ɺ͹˼ҵʱ򣬸һͿأһɳɱҲȫû
֪ΪʲôԼһٶڱĸо
үǲǻʲôа̫̫ѵ֣ôԼĻһһʮ˵أ
ʲôа󲻹һЩСЩ㣬ֹס㡣üȻ̫̫˵Ķ޻̸֮
Σ̫̫Ŀ־ȫȥ̫̫֮Űֵֻ̿˵¿ô죿
һβûнɺؼңŭˣҵʱ̫̫ͷϻбҵĲҶӡ
ѽüͷ΢Ĳ˳ƢҲ겻٣̫̫һıʣûܿסͷ˵ô֪Լ˱˵ףô
̫̫ʱɫͱˡ
ձɺʣ꣬һССŮȻҲҺ
ѣӲˣҶҺǲǣ̫̫ŭɶ˵ˣɺĶ˭µģ˼ҺôάɺǸСӣҪȥܣ͵űɣ
ͷӷ꣬ȴֻӺ̫̫
ѿ̫̫ĿȴˣţԽԽǶȻôвѾǳݲϼһˡ
ߣʮһ賿и£ż˯СʹԶһ~

 38 

֮߻˼ΣɺԱΪͨͨû
Ҳſʼ﷫𺽵С, Ѿˡ
ɺ˼ٵ׮µĴۡ
ӦҸƽƽӣ¶˵Ҳ游, ѧôһһף˼ҲһССݣ͹˲ˣ
ҪЩ˵, ˵Ѿ޳ȥˣֵõ
ƺ̲ס, Ȼװ߾ˡ
ɺ˴ԭһ͹ش, ˭֪ȴɫ΢졣
Ƥ, ɺٿϱɫ, ʲôʱ򻹻ˣ
ôˣѵһһˣ
Ц۵ĳ鴤أǷĹһԼצצ, צצҲҪģ
˹ŮҷܷӦһЩ˵Ҳ̵, ŵмֿɰ
ɺһ, ͱĻ, ѧˣ
ɺе㲻
֪ڹŴ, ǲ̫ܽЩ
ҡҡͷ
ҰǸϳӣ, ǸҵѬ㣬֮ͺ㡣
ɺɫ΢죬ܾ˽Ҫ˵֮ˡ
ģȷɺ̲ס˵ڻǺܲ𣿲ȻҴ㿴
ҡͷ, ҽȥһͺˡ
˵ţͷǳĿĿڡ
ɺǾܾģ˭֪˻ʲô
̾Ͷʲô
ɺ
׼¼
Ҿ˵˵廻˸˵˼·䣬ǿŴ죬ҽȥɡ
ɺɻ󣬡ҲԺ㲻찡
ȻĬ
ΣŴǣҸ˸ʴ͵ĹŮջҪˣܵҺùһ°ɣ
ֻ˸˼·
ɺ忴ܻջģֻջĲֿܺĲһ
ɺǸƤӣʵǾסĳ˺Ƥζ뿪
ճɺĴϡ
ڵĵǣϸܻлرġ
ɺ˱ˮݵôô죿ǸķӦܴ𣿡
һҡҡͷȿˮӦþͲˡ
ԭӦģɺ֮˷Ӧû˵ʵǰЩӣԭԲ˵кö˯ʱ䣬ǵ˵⻰ãѡίһǣû뵽ɱˡ
ǼŮȥ˰ɺ⣬͵㣬ҩô죿
һ£崺ĵһ죬ܾӴɫֱֻԾ̫װ
ϻع
ɺ
ǻʹ͵Ů˰ôˣʵϵ
뵽ŮļѬ㣬ɫ⣬̵¶ģһӲϲҲǻعġ
ɺ壬ôЩŮԵǹŮĻأ
ʱҲʡ
Щܡ
ΪʲôԽԽ˰ɺ̲סȥĶͷ
ӽ
һ̡
ɺԼĶͷ
ҪҪû˵꣬ɺͻȻͱһ£ԷѸ뿪ˡ
ѸݵĹϴ󣬡ɺѬĴҲǸŮĴȻҰǸŮѬ㣬㴦
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ɺɫҲˣ̸ⷽ棬ҲǸСѧ
мѵûеСɺɫϸĥһ£˹ȥ
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ָһڣʹչ⻷أ
ΪʲôǵҪװ֡ɺָ⻷ķʽ
ֹǲȻԲҲԣ˵Ҫεӡ
˵ʲôɺû塣
ûʲô̧ţθ
꣬Զˡɺ̱
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ʹ˵һ䣬ԺңԶڼױ棡
գ
ɺɵ壬㵽ǿʲôô󣿡
Цģ
㵹ңɺͻȻһҲԴԶŰɣҲȱһ˫ӵǮȻ游ǺܺãһǻԶġ
ȱر͵ҡͷеıʾԼԶĲӭ
ɲϣԼɺҹϣСͷ
ɺһۣСģôܴԶȥϣ˼ҲҪˣԺǾ͸һǽϳҾȥԶ
棬ԺĹأˣŷҵʱ
壺
ͻȻϳ
˼ʹթԼӡ岻ޡ
ɺ͵Ц游Ѿ˵飬޹游Ļˡ
ֲ֧ɺˣҲʹթ
ôˣ
ͻȻĿƵĶɺ
ɺƵеš
ɺûҽﲻԾ𣿡
ɺϸϸµĿ塣
ûп
ɺеŵҡҡͷ
һЩһЩѰ
ɺҲߡ
ɺҧǧװɵһ
Դȷߺͬһ֮Ϳʼɣټոոճֵʱˣżαװ
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ʱֺǺǵׯû뵽йܵ˾Ȼ
崽һĨɵЦִŵ㰧Թ֪˭ƭң֪֪ǰЩൣǡ
ɺôżҾԭˡ
ɺ
ûԭأԼԼӣԼ̨׵Ķʵ̫ˡ
ôɵģɺƣɵôģ
ǰЩӳδͻȻҴҵ˿ʱҾЩ֣Ҳȷġ
ãɺུ˭֮ǰƭңҶܺüױԺ޸Сˣүƭһƭôˣѵôƭ𣿡
ţƭԵһЩһ㵭ᡣ
ɺǻԭֻʣһ˿ķʱҲûˡ
ô죬峤ôÿˣôչձԵġ
ΣɺɵʵɺǲǲԸʼң
֪ΪʲôȻɺ֮ǰҲֻСС֣ܾѡɺԸ޸
ɺ򴽣ʱмܲסɺܾԼǰƺ͸һ㡣
ֻǣʼҲ̫ɣغܶ࣬ɺգÿ춼ڿңҼǶǲס
ÿϰǣɺѧϰִܵķ飬иףҵˣɺסԷ⣬ɺҲҪǡ
̿ε֣žһóŻÿŻô󣬿˭
ɺÿΣֻһ뷨ִߵѧˡ
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۽޴һ£Ǹ
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֪С䣬ȥ˱߹أһûأ⼸ո˳ʷҹأֻǼǵǰԳƱҶϰߣǵóʷף֪ŮҪעĸ࣬㲻ǿԼԺڹ˼һЩԼϲľͺá
ҲûúѧɺЦЦͷ˵鷳ͺԺʲôԼŬɣҿס
壬һ˶೤ʱ䣬Ը𣿡
еǶҵҩͺáסɺ֣ü˵Ժ˵ɥĻ
ɺŶһǵϵλˣҲ˱Ȣްɣʵ̫Щ
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˸ָ
ķô˳
ɺòһƬҡ
ȷǲԸȥңǼ޸һǾϻλˡ
ؼǣǰ̫·ˣķܶʷԹȥ˰
岻ãҲΪ˸õһ
岻ԤڣȻкøУɲµݵʱˣʥּǿţָȥˡ
ɺҲ֪岻ŵˣһ˺
ɺס֡
ûɺֿȥͻȻһ˫С֣ʹм䡣
ۼɺһЩɶɺ̴ЩԳʱͻȻһִɺĬ
ţһʹܽɺм䡣
Ŀ˿ߵԶһ¾ʹܵ˴β
Զɺ￿˿
ĬȻգˡ

ɺӵĿԶ
Զһµʡ
ǲӦԶԶһ仰ҲԶˡ
㲻֪һֵǧĵ𣿡Ҳˡ
ÿζСһﻵ£
ɺ
ô̤һˣҪǸ
ԶСˣ
˵ȫļһǡ
ɺסԶⶼǸ˭ѧģԺ˵໰֪𣿡
ɺͷԶúܽ
Զص˵ͷɺһڡ
ɺĸ׵ĻûģͻȻֱһ¡
ʾϱⷽԼҲ䣡
ɺԶͬʱŭĿӡ
ɺ˲תôôԶİɣ
壺
ʵǵĽԶһĻû˵
Զɺͷ
ۣԶȻ˵ȫѾļܡ
˵˼ҷΧã״ˣ
øϽ֪ͨһ࣬ϽѽǰᣬΪɺҪɺȢȥ
ֻıɺ˳ȥ
Ѿֲˡ
ȼ֮ʥּ
Ȼ϶ȹϵϡ
ȥ֮ɫ˼ãŤͷҴգҿסԶ
ˣУûʮֿסԶ

ǿаסԼ·ϵĳ嶯ү¾ٲУҲڿסһСӡ
Ҷûֻǵĵȱ㡣ֵ۰·Ϊʲôô򵥵һ仰ɡ
ɵ˵ѡ첽뿪
˼̳ûʲô˵ģ׵Ķ֮ҹʱԶҲ͡
ԭصİ˫֣˸߱ʱ˰ɣ
ԶڶѾԼڽ㻳￪ĵʱ򣬶ѡ˸ܡ
ɺ
һ죬ԶŴŭĿӵĿ⣬Ŀװܡ
̫үôܿԼŮأ
ŮС
Ĵ
̫үԶļ򣬡Զ书ǿʤ񣬿Ҫ㣬Զûã
Զͷ絷⡣
̫үƣЦǺǵ˵Զģ
ɺͻȻù˼һԶأ
ȳ˷̫үΧˣŶԹϷ˵ȥһϷ԰һϷӳͽƵġ
˼룬һΣȻԶ˵Զʵ̫СĻԶּҵ⻰ּǸ̫Լ˵Ϊá
ϷһⳡϷϷĺãҲ֪ʲôԩϷˣǸ⣬ұȥ
ǹŰԸ񣬹̫үķ̫̫ڣջ񻹺ãûջٲ˻ᱻ䵯
ǹ̫үҪʱ򣬾ǻϺ鶼ù̫үҪ䵯侮ʯ϶ҲҪۡ
ɹ̫үȡ
֪ԼŮʱ򣬱̫̫ڵķˡ
ԵȵȰɣϷȰԼҷٵ£ˣ䵽ʱҲҪ㼸ӣܸð¡
̫үǰԹٳȤһЩӣܹ̫ү˵ǹϷ֪ԼҷЩ־
Ȼ̫үҲᵽҸȥ
ЩиûᣬǴˣǻ˻ɣ̫үһȻ˵СӸҴϢǴΣԺ֪ˡ
Ϸ˲š
ƽ̫үͺá
ֻ֪֮£ɷɣһССĴ帾֮ޣھѾ㣬ɷܲٸǨ飬ԼŮ顣
ôϷڴţҲͦϲô治һ㣿
˭ϲˣһضûУ촳Ůӹ뷿ģҪǴȥɺҪҪˣ
̫үըëˣ̫үèƺӦһ
ɺϲͶιèԴɺˣèѸѾǸʵèˡ
˵ɺܲסè̫үÿնֻèߣѡ
ϷĲԼɷ
Σ̫үŵ˵ȥּҵʱ򣬽Сһ𡣡
ϴϱ˵ڽϽ̫Ŷ˵ĻòŽģҪΪ˽ҾԲ̫үΪԼ塣
ңҽģҲṩЩõϢҲŽڲ³Ťͷߣһ仰˵̫үٴǿԼļᶨ
úúãǹϷЦеĺŹ̫үߣ˰èëè֮ëԽˣѹɺû¾ϲè
̫ү
ое㲻̫Ծ
ڳЦɣǰɣΪװЦеӣͲ֪Ϸʲô
ϷжһѸ٣ڶһ磬Ѱ˺ʵϷӡ
̫ү׼õĺϷҪˡ
ߣǰ಻ס߱һ

 39 

̫үʱ䶨ϡ
ϷˣȻҪй, ˼˶Ը
ɺҲȥ, ̫үԸɺȥģɺ, ҹ¶أһ˲ô죿
, ɺԶ֣̫үû취, ֻý׼˺ص·ɺ
ȥʱ, ɺ, ԼӴĿϷ棬һ, ͷʾͣҪ, һѷɫڹǧ˧, ƵƵɺϡ
ɺСһ, ̵, ˵ô
кջˮʸˡ
˼ƺҲûϵ˻ΧĬһ, ǹ̫ү˵Сػؾְϲŵҽһ𿴿
ˡ˸Ҿ
ȻˣԺھǰ, Ǹط̫̫࣬ɽֶ࣬ҲδǣǶǣ㣬Ǳ߳ԲôůϷȻҲϲǰˣȰ˵
л˺⣬ѾˣЩ궼ǱߣİҲ˸飬ߣһδɣһŰɡ
˺͹˼һȦ˹ǧ֣ǧʺ͹ǧϣߵʱǧвҵϥǣСһҸǼδ񣬶ѾǶصӺˡ
˵߾ɺԶϡ
˰ɣתһȦΪҲ֪˵ʲô̫ү̾˿ɺԶ˵ǽӣɺԶ
壬֪
ɺϽ
Զվû
ɺһ䣬壬ԶЩ
Զӣּ񡣡ϷҡҡͷСԼˣɺʵ˵ûϵ
ɺͷЩ˾˭С˵
ɺĻС˵ݡ
˺һ֮󣬱ǰȥ仹ǰţҲӲʱ䡣
֪Ҳ֪ɺɻ󣬶ɺЦЦ˵ǰǹѧСһ𳤴ֻȥʮ꣬;ǵﶼİˣ㲻ʶҲ
ɺоԼץסʲôص㡣
ǧִչɺ˵˵֪ǰСùõδ򣬱ӻ˵Ǹ
ɺ
ԭĸ׵Ե
ǣе죬ͷôһ֪ȫܾҲС˵еҪ
ɺ֪˼ʲôʱ򣬾ȻּҺԺһţ˴롣
̫ү买˹˵˰ЩֲൣЩ
ЩԺʹһɶĻҲ棬ҿǳɳˡڣ仹ǲ̫ͬүΪ
̫үһûз
׼ɺڵŮʱҲһ忴ɺʱһѡ
ɺӡ
Ŵ⻯ױݼҲ̫˰ɣ
ǵ
ǰϷһ£ĺڷţȫѪɫҰ״ȴĳ棬ɺҶ࿴һۡ
̫ү⣬˵ȥɡ
үýܳ𣿡
Ҳڷ̳˯ʱûܹһĻߣֻ˶Σĵߣ̫̫ȣϷӵĿţӦҲ³ɡ
Ҫǲɣֱּ˾ǡ
̫үҪ࣬ͽּңľͺܼ򵥣޷˫ȫһס
Ź̫үĪĵͷ
̫үʱġ
ԱߵЩƵĿ˿壬߻ʲô֮
ǰŹ˼Ҳ߻ӣҲ³ʱȫ߻ͻȻʵж졣
һ߻Ҳڽܵļּңѡ
Ҳ͵õϢ˼һˣ˴ĵֻҪֶܷ̽ߡ
ϷĽ̫̫ӡ
̫̫Ѿͱδˡ
Ҳϵͳ̳»õߣ߿Թе޿־壬ʹʱеͷۡ
Ϊƶֻĵߣһͨصʹʱ뵽ϴĲҵüͷ
ϵͳҲܽš
ôǮأôǣ˰ɣ봲ҪŵʳԼͳ԰ˣȴˮǶ𣡡
ϵͳԽ˵Խᡣ
Կ
ϵͳ˵㲻ĽϵͳĽҾͺãҲǼӵһ԰ֵˡ
ϵͳ
ҶĹȡ
壬Ҫûι壬ܳô
ϵͳǸµˡ
һΣȴЧ
ƺΪɺһɺոΪһֱڣ˶ǳڴ飬˼ӳɵĹܡ
ʲô˼岻⡣
ӳɣԤУɺᱻϽԨ
壺
ҲԤС
ͻȻеԲ߽ŵŮ
̫үҲ㣬̫̫ʧ߶Σ֮ǰһ֣ͨһֱ˹ʡ
һΣ̫̫ʡ
̫̫סУͣŲȥ
˽Ҫʲôң֦
ϷӷŹ˽ִɭͰԹǶˣ죬ڳǰ𣿡
ĺòңˤĺ۰ն˯ž
Ϸӽӽ̫̫Ϸ°δͻأĳǰƶƮȥһ㡣
ɺƵԽÿֲô·
һСϷ֪˵ϲЩľǰЩӣʦдܷ˫Ьӣ˴߲Ʈһ㣬ãƽմЬӡ
ɺ
ⲻǻЬǰ
˼룬ɺޡ
ɫĴϵͳ̳ǣ鿴ЬЬĵʱĬˡ

Ľʵ֪
֪ЦЦһţһЩСˣϲͷһЩ㡣
ɺϽҡͷô˼
֪ЦЦû˵
֪Ŀ⣬忴˿Ľ
֪Ŀ̫̫ϡ
̫̫ӽǽסҶӶˣ㻹𣿡
Ϸ˹˼ҵǮ൱ҵҵϷͬɭ޵һ㣬֮ͷƤһ飬Ҹһ
ϷԹ㲻ңһ˫Ů㲻Ѱ
̫̫ضڴܡ
֪ΪΣԼ·𿴵˵
ЩЩһһǰ֡
ʲô飿ҶģʲôûҲҶӣ㻹˵ʱˣܲ죬ҪԹԹЩ˰ɣ
һ˫ŮҲҲǺúøˣ˼һˣɺϾҪˣʲôû
Ϸӻδ˵̫̫ŵĳŴβȥҲǹԶӵģ϶İҲܣû취ܲҶۣ
ɺĶҲµģ϶һң˵ɺԶȥǰң
̫̫˫ڿкһ衣
Щ̫̫飬ȫһ׮׮һ޾ϸ˳
ɺ䡣
ɺֲĿ壬嶯ʲôֽ
յƺ̫˳һЩȻϷĺֲܻΧ̫̫Ҳ̫ϣ̫̫ȻԼʡ
Ϸ˿֪Լɡ
չ˼ҳִ󷽵ӣõһ°뱲ʳǵǮ
ϷԼҲ죬̫̫ôͻȻͺͿˣ
ϵͳߵʱҲֹͣˡ
ģɺߣ
ϵͳְʹʱˣ
ϵͳҸˮ
Ҫɺʱ仹
ĬĿŵߵ˵ʮӱʮӡ
ȥԼϴʮʹʱ䡭ͻȻ΢ģе㼵Լϱ
ԺĶϱ˾Ͳ֪ˡ
Ϸȥһ˦̫̫ϡ
üͷ˳ȥ˻º̲˱ˣŽͣ˴̫̫ĹϷ˷˿
˼ҵ˴δʵ˲ֶ񶾡
ΪٶȿһЩάҪ˽Ϸ˲ȥ󣬵׹˽ּ˶ٴĥڱһ˲ƴҪάק
˽ּ˶Ѻȴʡ
ֻǣ̲˵飬üͷ
ּǿտǣǶѾӰֻʣ»̿¶ּҶˡ
ҵѣܶ飬Ļʹ̫үԼǣԴº̲˵
ֻʧһȻΣº̲˵ͷȥˡ
̫ү˫ȭգֻԼûܷסţѲͺá
̫ү֮ǰ֪Լõ࣬Զĸܡ
ɺҲֹסᣬ֪ǲԭµһּ̣ҵڽ֮ɺ޿Ƶӿǿҵѹɡ
ԶǽСûһ㡣
վɺߣûжֻСעⱣɺ
˭ûƵ֪ᣬ̲һȻ֪ʶ֪ļοһ¡
̫ү֪࣬ʯͷһѹͷ
˼û˵óĻ
ڹ˼˵ɺѾ߿ɺ֮󣬾͸Ź̫үһȥ鷿
ȻЩҪ̫ͬү˵
˼ҵҲûչ棬˼˶ڰοողιȥĹϷ˻ɺԶүʹģ޲ýάϳʬ
ʱɺҲƽϷŮɺȥϢԭɺԶͶãһҲܵġ
ɺĵһЩ˯ǲӦң֮ǰּһҪԶûô캦
ɺԶĺ˵ԶԺͲˡ
һû˵һ仰Զͷ㱧ɺҡԺ󡭡㡣
ɺЦЦԶСӦǽ㱣Ŷԡ
Զᶨҡҡͷ
ɺ̲ס޶˰Լҵܵܵͷܵԡ
ԶԹԵĿɺ棬ɺ޶ԼͷԶֻеɻΪʲôôϲͷҲԼͷûʲôر֮
ͻȻôԶС¶â
϶ˣ
ɺ򿪴Ϳ塣
㻹ڣɺȣΪѾˡ
游һֱĵڣ
ͷ㡣
۾š
һֱ΢һޣۿͺģûʲôµġɺҪ˵ˡ
ҪѹּҵڴӲù
ּҵķµ֤ȷ䣬ּһ鲼£дĥǻ򵥣οҲúôġ
˵ѣˣڸҲ鵽ͺȾеĶҲԱߺ˳׷飬һβŷŹ㲻ҪҲ㡣屾ɺְοһֲȥͱһ˫Сִˡ
Զ;迴塣
壺
ˣһСʲôüƽϵأ
Ҹոձں游ѵ顣
ɺץ𣿡Գһ£˵ھҲԽ
ɺҡͷ
ˣ׷鵽װɣȻһѱҪҲ֪Щ˵׶ֲ
˿Ҳģ׽סѣֻ´ݾߣ´Щپʱֻ»ֲ
Ѿôˣûֽ𣿡ɺƣ㲻̫ѵԸ񰡡
ˣ뵽ѵΪüͷЩһֱڸĸ¶գ˼Ҹȥʱѱ֪ˣ˿ԼٶѬ㣬ԭֻҪ˼ҽȥûжãĸͻ
ǲͳ˹˼ұ̫̫ʱ򲻹ʵʲôڽ۵Ļˮܹ˼ô࣬Ҷֻõ˼ȥּң̫̫˵顣
Ǹ㻹շڵĶ
Ŀ˼ô񶾣ҲҪֶΡ
ɺ֪Ŀڣ˲ͻ¶Ծ㻻˰ɣ
ˣɺӣ̽㻹
ѵ©ĳϸڣ
УھͰѴһ
ûɺԶŵӣ̲סЦһ£ոҾʶһЩѡ
û£̽̽ɺԷġ
Ҫǻ㣬ĿûɣҲ֪Ѿ𣿡ɺᡣ
֪Ϊʲô游ΰ˺ܶæˡ
ԹۣѶ̫̫ͿԼеѡ
ֻǹ˼ҪԶҲ޷üա


 40 

ҡҡͷ޷, ҿӶ, ЩŴ²֣ܽıɲ, Ҳɡ
ңѵѸɺ¶
Ѿڼƻ֮֮, Ҳιԡ
ɺ˿壬һֳˡ
µʱ, ͦ͡׵, Ǵ󲿷, ɵǲǴģ
顭ɺȻ
ᵽ֪ƾѰͼֽ, ֮Ϊ, ߹صĵ˽, ˴ŭ֮, , Ϊ͢δܼʱ֧Ԯ֪ݲ, ݡ
˸ȥʱֻ֪ʣһֻüҪĴϸڸˡ
ȫУɺ, ھôˡ
֪֪ͼֽȥȻŭǰݣǧƵ˷ߣֱ׷һǧԷ˱ᣬոΪݲ㣬գû׷ȥ
˵ʱΪӣ·˼ף²һǿи·˼׼ϷĪߴô˵ԽѵΪ۹̫ʶ˲²
ɺ͵̧ͷ塣
ԲȣοɺúϢҽͲˡ
˵ţ廹㣬ݸɺֻǹõİ㣬ЧѣŮһ֧Ҫ̫࣬ú˯
˵꣬Ťͷ뿪һƬƲʡ
ɺ
ǣлҪ˵
ش˧ô˧װݲа
Լ׿˼һҸôñס˧ˣ
ң壡㲻Ҫ㲻Ҫˣ
û´ԺܵϻϣڹŴɱԵĪϵߵôǲҪ籾
ɺһӵľ飬û˿˵
ԶҲµĿŴ⣬βűԼҽ̧֣ͷ¶Ĵ۾ʵߡˣ
вɺ˯
ǣ嵽ʲôǰһҵִѧԣһ̸
嵽ȵһ㻺嶼ûС
ϵͳĵȥɺ²ۡ
Լޱһ˿ĵе£ʵԶɺˣ
һ˷ܣôûɺԶܡ
˸ñֵʱһᶨվɺߵġ
ǧ˺ôΪʲôƫƫһ
ϵͳǿƸϰ顣
Ҫ鿴飡Ȼ֮ҲʲôϾأٳҲƽ̹ġ
屻ȿ飬֮ɺ˵вԶͷԶҲԶ˵õģȻ˯
ϵͳԶĵ˵õıһд
壺
˼⣬ҶʱռϢˣΪʲôҪң
ĻŮĵʱԲͣ㲻Ҫޣ󶼻ݱһܣܻǵıܿ
ϵͳ˵أԨ
ǻҪϰʮ顣
屻ǿƸϰʮ飬ϰܳһʱ俴Զʶܣ¡
ɺ壬˵ĶԸ塣
ڿǸɵӾ;ġ
Ҫһڵˣǰ棡Ůӵĵ䷶
ռԼϱץӷΣҸѯʣıǳδ
ÿ·ſڣֻҪδ򵱲ܿɵӶͷ΢Ц
װ׽кʵδôϾҪˣռ
δû˵үְƽסฮԲѰ˼ңְÿնԼδޡ
ˮģʼ˵Ҵй涨ǰŮü棬Ҫѧأฮ鷳
˵꣬ﳤȥ
δ򣺡
ع
δϱͬ˵£˵չأǲǱӱȽϺã
ͱ塣
˵㲻Ҵز٣ĸŮعվҪ̤ӣմĲעЩúƣṲ̊వﲨ
ȻǺɺ˼ܣɺŹʹ죬½ۣ˼涾
УʲôѼ޸˶񶾵һˣ
ɷүδϽס˳졣
ȴ룬ġ
δ򵱼޴˵ҡ彣Ȼһӡ
δ彣档
ˡɲ֮ҲҪˣӲġ

ȥżˣȰѰѵһ٣˼̫Զ

Ҫ徻ﰡ
ȥ˻͹򵽵׸ðôˣ
ҪϽȥɺסһ
ƣүΪνЩż
һ̹ûǮˡ
ةڻ̽Ļ˽ȥڶͷβ˶֪Ͳ
ɳɹջһͬߡ
˼ĲֵǶôصƿ
ͼðɶ飬˿ԼŸողòս֣ʱֹԼү
үɺˣȥҲûð˼ҴʱŰңڰȥ˼ҸԶ
ѹ䡣
ǲǲɵĻô˵
żˣүôʱ񣬡үΪ밡ЩӾҪ̤ˣ˵̤໨ɢϣ˲һȥһ¡
ȥܾǵŮ̫
һСȥأʾȥСûʲôҪģ̽С֮ġ
ͷǸѧһѧˣ֮ǰ飬ܵõ
ϲ
ðٲҪӴͬһƥǸһɡ
ǣүеࡣ
ڶ죬ȥ˹˼Ҫɺ
ɺеЩѧ
ѧѧɹ̫үȻǲͬ嵱ʦġ
ǿԼҵˡ
ǧϽùǧֽɺ
ǧ̫࣬ɺ
ߣ̵ͬһƥöҲʣøǵñӡ
ϱɽɺδɺţ˼ȥ徹Ȼʵѡ
̫үҲģùǧָϣûռˡ
ȥ֮ǰ̫үԹǧǧԲ;·
ǧҶ㵽ܡ
ڱǰǳé®޴ӣǱԼԸ⣬Ҳռʲôˣǧֲġ
ǵ˸ָ㰡Ȼó̱нӽˡ
ֻǣȵȥǧֵͱɧ۾ֱˣԹԵԼĴ󣬿һɺ
Ľѧʦϸ
ӣɺŮһ㡣
ʵ٣ҳɺʱ϶δСˣٶ࿴ȫһԻ
Ů֮ô
ĬĬΧɺ֮вٹŮԼߵкӵݳ˺˿ǽղѧأлԷ⡣
ɺȥʱӶҪɢˡ
˼Ҳڵɺɺûбռˡ
ѧҶ֪ô¡
ֻǣɺͬ涼ûУöûŮҽһ£͹Ƿ죬ŮţʹĲӡ
̫үüͷɺǲ̫ʺ̫żˣȻ̫ҽ˵ɺʵһŻãʵ̫ҡ
үͬɺֲǴֻ̣ɢܼҡ
ɺΪʲôôۣ̫үʡ
ǧֺһˮ˵ɺľһ̰ɡ
֪ϴɺȥ͵Ǳˡ
̫үͷûԡ
ɺһȥ˵ãǧֻһĻǾò˼飬ȻóϰԵ飬˵ϸѡģɺϤһ¡
ϷɫЩȻ
ǧԼѧӣǹǧ̵ֽǧֻнӣսֱ֣
̫ү͹ϷҲɢҲû飬ɢΪʲôҪѧЩ
ɺǵһεѧ·ܲͷ飬ֱɺ±Ƶ鼮
˻㣬廹Ҫر֡
Ͼôȥˡ
˼ҵ˱鶼һѾ
ɺȻһ綼ϰ
ô̫үˣǺɺгɣ
Уվùǧȥ̣ʲô߰⡣
ұס˰ǧ޹˵ˣһʼҪѧȷģȻԺԶֻߣҪڵǲܵġ
ǡɺֻ𣿡˳ɵʵǵɺ˵仰ѵǴˣ
ǰǧ̯֣˵ˣ˵˲ܶԼҪ̫ͣ˵ˣƲ𾩳ŮϽӡ
̫үĬΣӦкܶſɣ
Уǧֲ֧ԭȥ۵ģһԼδ޶ôݣû˸ǰˡ
ϾմѪϾδޣĸ˼Ҫһı׼ҪԼǡǲɢˡ
̫үڣ֪Ǹʲô˽ɺĴ
ɺֻѧү̲סʵ
ǧֵͷ
˼ϿյķΧһĳĬǧʵ˵ʲôˣ
ò̵鲻ɰ;ϣɹɺȥ
ǧ
ȥ鲻ģ̡ʺϽ̵ɺǡܲܿűñ۸
ɺѧˡ
ֱˣ̡
Ϊһδ̤罻ϵŮһγǰȻһ죬ѧ˻
Ҳˣ
˿̵ɺоԼҪ̱ˣϷɺӣϽóõӣúøɺĦ
̫үδ֮ǰϷ˳ȥɻϷһص£𣬲˰ʱ磬ڶ˺úðһڣڲȫʹ
ɺ̧һ˼ȫˣɺͷɽ˱ˣ涪ˣؼһҪˡ
ǶҪˣɺĹĵ˵ҪϢ
ֲǶ԰ĺӣ
̫ү˵ţϽѼ˶ˡ
ߵſڵʱС˴æ˵̫үӣ˵Ǽ֮СҩͣСţʹϰ
ǻȥ첻ˣС˵꣬ڱ
Сˣ
һħС㶼ڳӣŹС㣬컹Ҫ
ǲϷ˸ϽοѾ˼ɺʲôԺž
ɺһҲ
úúã̫үϽ˵ӽԺҲˡ
ǰ壺
ĸܶ˼ҲУ̻ɺѧϰô˵ѧͲѧҵѧԼһһĥľ飬ǵϸµĽңһм
ɱˣҶе
ϵͳȥ
ΪʲôϵͳܳһĹܣΪʲôһҪɺС㣡ӣ
һӾ뵽˺ǧ񣬶ȻܾУɺδױ·ã˼֮˵Σˣǲġ
úݶ
ɣϵͳ̱ûˡ
˼Ҷɺ˵죬˵ɺɺһ涼С
ͼ͹̫үĽˮƽУ̫үŭһѴ㣬׷壬һ·Сӡ
ڶʷ¶ֱԹ̫үΪˣ̫үܷҪү̫ˣһĳܱƵĶ
̫үͽԭȫѻȸ
϶˶٣ѾŵЩ죬㻨һʱָɺϰ𣿡
һεεСĲ̱ˡ
԰Ϊ˽һͱ١Լԩ
ŤͷʾԼ졣
뿪˵Ͽ۹Ҳƴʱ׼ڵӣϽ壬仹к
ʵڰУû˵
ᴧĦʥ⣬վ˵ϣ࡭
˿ǻ˸⡣
˳֮󣬻ϴ壬ô꣬ʷһβĶӵĸ顣
Сߣϴδ˵⻰һʱеŤǲǲͬŮദ
ҶδŮ˷ϵˣ֪ථ
һѾ̫֪׶̹ȻĻش⡣
˵ֵʱ򣬻Ͼ֪Ҫ˵ȥ±ϼʱ˦˻ʺĸлͬ˵ȥĸ󡣡
ˡ
ʺӵʱҲµġ
ԼĶӣҲֻһ·֮ǷгϱʲôʱҪӣôһ¶ϱ檵ôһЩֶҪλ檣ʲôʱҪȥ׷Ůˣ
Ҳᰡ
ʺ¿̸һյʱ֮󣬻ʺʾȣ̫ЩͷΣҪϢ´´ģ
һ³ʮȵٴθ̾һǵŮ
ô˵ɺȷһЩϰһҲû
ɺڼһܣžһЩ
ֻźãݷˣɺСܺ棬ԭСúģ˭֪С㾹Ȼģ
ɺҡͷˣҲѧ
ǧ̲סЦЦ˵ɺÿ˽ǰϿСھŮΪ㣬ԡ
ЦһЦеÿˡ
ɺһۣȻᶨܾˡ
ѧ
ɺֱϵԱߣڹ˼Ժнɺ
ɣü
ɺʶһ˵ᡭ
ǲء
ǸС㲻ܾأ
鵽ʲôʱؼҰ
ɺзĻ
̧̧°ͣʾɺȥ
ɺķӡ
ǧͳжޣǧ룬̵ĵȷǡҪŵıãѧһʲô
漴պȴһȦ
ǧųȷ֪ҪѧƢѱģǧҲģŮǶúÿţԼ뿪ˡ
ǰһӣƾͲԣɺĺÿ̳ģ
ңôģӵܣ鲻У˵̣ί
ȵȡͻȻòԾΪʲôҪһ                        
ߣ飺ɺ֪嵽ж֪δϵĴۣ

 41 

üͷоﲻԾ
, ˹
ү, ´ȥ
ȥ岻ϲպܷ, 뿴İ
һɸ֣´ȥ
һҪˣü, Σ㲻֪û˯Ѿˣ
дʵ, ޲ھͲ, ֪˶, ү֪֪Ƕδޡ
ʼ̴δ޼޸֮ᱻ
˵֮ͬɺ˲磡
ɺѾжĶ·ҷˣ
ʵܲ˰룬Ű, ǿȥûջ, ȥæé
Ҫ, ߵľ˭

ɾ, ΪʲôҪָé
Ͱһïܵͣ¡
˵ĿҲܿԶ, ӦۿǣΪζ׵Զ
Ϊʲô͵㲻֮£
æĴóһԲͲݸ, ү֪ǰģ˵ƽĥĶɿԶ֮
˵֪˵СҲһ, СϲԶ
ӹԶѧŰӣϣԶԭһСˣ˲ĳҰС
Ǹö֪ɷһ£о֮ʱҾԶضռȻ˵ԶҲ䴫ɺ˵УǺܴġ
Ļͷ塣
벻ͨˣŮΪʲôǵҪ
Ů˵־ûɱһ
ľһ֪˵ľӼټһ򵽵ģ취쾵ӣպѰ·ˣү
еʧδҪ첢򵥣֪ҪǮϣȫ
˵꣬žҿⳡŮŮһһ㵽ҿʲô

ƱҪү
Ŀ꣬үǸµӡ
ܳ󡣡
үνԼ˵ģ
̵Ĳԡ
Լһ߷ı飬ֿĶ࿴ۣһս彣ȻŽ̵ռŮӱˣ
ͬӾϲ⣬Ůӡ忴Ůӵı飬ΣǴЦȻ޲Ը
Ҳû
ɺʲôʱҲĽ
ϵͳ
ǣĽʲôɺĻ
үڿϣڴܣŮǶԵİΪʲôҪôҪɱ𣿡
ȻΪʲôҪɺմȾЩѪȣ
Ϊʲôô⡣
˼ãǵһεʦлĶ̸ѧ
Ҷˡ֣صͷ
Ҳ˰ɡ˵Ůȥɺˣ˼򵥣òүˡ
ͻȻ뵽ҲǺɺͬ
Ѹٴ˼ء
ɺͳ鲻֪ʲôʱѾ
Ů
Ȼֻɺ䣡
壺
ĽĶɺ˵ϸ
Ҳϸ
ƣʲôģΪʲôҲô󣿡
˵žԼĻ֮צ
ɺɫ糺ĺƣԼҲ
ûĴ󣬡ͷԼģƽħצ
λˣֻĶ˵ҲˣǸһ۾֪
ɺʶôʱ䣬ûɺ·ûһ۶û
Ů˾Ĳ
˵ʲô
ϵͳۣ̯֡
Ҳ֪ϵͳֱˣǲϸǿгĻ֮ʡ
һץסص㣬֮ʡ
黹ɺͷΪʲô㲡ͷô࣬ôڣ㲡װ𣿡
ǰɺϸ룬СĵĻصģ
½㣬һδĹ£ɺס˳ĸ첲ĽΪʲôδôð
ô̵ģ
Ϊʲôô
ģдһ˿ҫˣɫ֮⻹ŵ㣬һӲ࣬˵Ҳ࣬ܿˡ
˵ţֳû޶ɺͷ
ѹǰżϽ֣ǧֺɺһʱ򣬹ǧֵ־ûɺͷǲͣ޶޶ԭǻġ
壺
¼ҵŮûһõģ
ҧгݵʵǲǾǽȫ⣿
ү⻹𣿡ΪԼүû˼˵ŮǱͲ߶ûѧȤְ
֮أүΪǱ߹ء
ɱˡ
Ů˻ӵұɣ
ͷʰ鼸ʱ飿
ĥһ£үʳδĴһЩүΪʲô˹עฮŮˣɲôɣ
үô˾֮õһ㶼ûѧȾϰ
Ѱڡ
ûɫɺ
ɺǰˣΪʲôЦ
ɺδˣΪʲôδһ涼ɣ
徶ֱȥ˹˼ңȻ󱻹˼˸˳鱻ǺԺͳŵʱÿ屻˼˲ĸϳȥ
˼˱ʾտʼʱҲܺ£֮һˣߣСȥһ죬ǺòײܱıС㣬̱̾˴ϡ
ٴСȥ
ʰһԼݣɫĿ飬δ򣬵Լδǣɺͳ
鸣˸ƽɣһͬɺԼȥ
үǲɸɺҪȡǵԼ
壺
ɺڲ
Ҳȥ
δʱ飬һĳѣҸ׼һ񡣡
΢΢һ룬䲻ΪιעĽӣǸȷ𰸣Ӧү֮󡣡
Ѿ˺񶼱ĵز
룬Լ˽Ǯɺױʡɺ̫׾ݡ
壺
¶ô٣˼һ㡣
˱Ĵӡ
黹û߳СӣյɺԸ
񰡣ղ뿴һҪ֣Ҫͳ棡
壺
Ӧðѳ˼ŮӺͳһһȥֵġ
ڶſһļأ˵õ棬ɺȴͺܶŮһ棬ЩӸ磡ɺЦź˵Цô
ĴͰһӾͱˡ
ɺΪβԶϣ
岻֪ͿϣɺûԶţԶȻģɺʹԶһȥСˣԶҲϲ赶Ūǹ֮ǰүҲԶɺһ𣬻ԶһΡ
Զ˲忴ŽɢһͰˡ

̤ҲԶˡ
̤ǿҪա
һո嶼ڻʼҵԣһһĺͷÿҲڴ˽ճ֣ЩͷЩʤꡣ
ǱŮǱ׹ۿ
ɺ׼λߣȻϯ
˼ɺ׼˷ݵͷ䲻ţһ۾ܽ˿
пͺŮ͵ϯλǷֿģŮͷǵϯλǷֿģ˼ҵչ˲ɺֻðгæչһ
С͸˳ϯ㳡ϣݵλָߣˮȻӦˡ
ɺһͿɺ
Ҫǳϲʣ뽫Զóϸϸһ¡
ȻÿնڼпǼ浽׺ʵвһ
Ȼܿߡ
ӻδھеĹ
ԶԶһƣ֪Ǹǵˣֹòѹߵܵǵ۾ֱˣߵǲȥŮϯˣ
ӱǴȤ˭֪Ŀ˹𣿡
һҭ
Ȼԣ
ʶ뷨
ɺȴûп壬˳ųָķ˳δ
ˮֱðԼδȴҪ˵ġ
Լ߶ôĻüͷšš
ԭǲעӵģϲӵĸҲ⣬ɲ֪ΪΣЩӣĿԽԽϡ
ôôɵأ
ԺҲӹŮعˣϸԼҪѵ
Сߣ˵Ҫμ˵ó䣬ǵһʼԴ˵ز죬óһƥ
ô˵˾֪Ͽ϶ǸӴˡ
ͷЩĲʺ˹Ĺǡ
ǺͻҲȫһġ
л֮󣬾Ůϯ߹ȥˡ
ϣ
̫˵Щӹ˼ҶС߼ɺԸһᡣ
ǡС߾Ͳ֪˽ɺϯ
һԼݡ
ŮۣûϢ
ǰһ̻ʣһֻ̾ˣСһǵˣˣˣҲֵǵ֡
ڹŮӹ̶á
ɺĪЩ£Ҫʲô
ʱȻԸԶһЩˣü
ɺһƥ
ڹŮ̲ס˻ϵķ
֣ǴԼӺɺҲδֱ̫ӡ
ƤһܾﲻԾڹŮǰ˵ʲôˣ
ɺһǻϵּ⣬ɺŲˡ
ֻҲɺȽ˵꣬ɺ̷ڣҲֲᣬҾͿʲôɣ
ǽô㶼ˣ֮ǰһҪúúɺ
һɺĻ̽ģʽ
ɺԴᶼҪˣҪôΧۣһˡ
û
Ůǣ
ÿ¡
˶й˼ʥּʱǻɺһ̻Ůһ죬ڡĹ
û£˲ʶŵɺҲûϵܻסġ
ɺ̲סҲ飡
һǿѧ
ԼĶλͭûж߲һФ룡
ʵܴ
Ҳɺ΢΢Щķ
λŮ
ħɡ
ŮϯλԽһЩķͻȻԼɷ˳˲٣ɷ򲻻ǿ鰡
忴ЩԶˣЩ˼ȥǣɺ֣ǣһ£ǲˡ
忴ûĻ
ɺ˲ɺûʵǣһ־ͿԲ𣿡
廹Щɻ
ɺ巴ڣǣ֣ǣˣŶڡ
޹ǵС֣Ļ˵飬˲ͷ絷⣬
ɺ
ϸ룬ѵգֻҪǣǣ֣Ͳÿ飬Ҳˣ
ѧһС
ǵ͵Ϣ֪ǰϤòűָ㣬ȫ뿪ˡ
ܿһƥ
Ҫ𣿡ͷѯʡ
ɺŵĲ
ҴһЩΣҲ֪ԼնȻŻɺʼԶȥ˹ŮϯҲֻţҴһԵһȦ
ҲѧʲôɣɺеĶ
˾˵ģھеʱֻϵʱɿ԰ٲһһ׼ͷ߹صĵ˶嶼־¡
á
ɺ壬оڵ̸ߵصټɺҲŸոѧСɢȤŨʱɺŵ˵ͷ
Ҫ̵ߣǣͣ£
ƻͨˣû⣡
ǸģЩߴˡ
ɺСѧŸͷ֪ȥ
Ȼ֪һѽɺޱ飬ȴ٣ɺĺϸҪɺԵ㡣
ţԼղҿĵط
ɺɻĵͷô
òôߴɢɣܾ
ãɫһ죬û鵽
岻ٿѸ
ɺ΢΢һ죬ĺ˧ȴ绹˧
˵΢Щ롣
ھӺСһ룬ǰһ㣬סɺĺ󱳣ҶôģĸԼ
ɺͻȻһ
ӸϽˣɺǲǲϲ
ͻȻ뵽
еҪ飡
ԭվλӣ
ѹһ˵ܾϤ
壬ɺס֣Щŵ˵ܻ˴ɱϣڽϻĨ˾޶ҪҪȲһ
˴ɱϣӻйʹ͡
ֻǣӸϵ֮ʱԼ˽Ĩ˶Ǻݶ̫ҽԺ̫ҽѸٷĸҽżҵ˿ԽⶾķӣֻȱһҪҩ
ڲ֮ǰõζҩ֪ϢѸٽҩʸ˻ϣӵĶɹˣѵӲ֮·Ҳƽ֮ЩӣӱȢѡ
Ĩ˶𣿡üͷ
ɺͷôԾ
ҵȷ鵽˴ɱʣ˺ѻЩϵû뵽ϻжͷΪ˶඾ҩ
Ҫ֪ĶҩӹҲоµĶҩͬоµҩһѣҩ죬ɺϵľ̫ҽǶδţйżĶҩ
Ѿʲôݣ
üͷͻȻǰ˴һ£֪Ҳ˵Ҹոպõġ
˵꣬ɺͿ۾һ¡
ɺɫ΢죬ת˻˵Ҳң㶼𣿡
簲˱͹˼ҵˣ뵽ոɺĵģ㲻ԾͷңҲҪ˵յ飬õҡ
ɺǰϴźŤͷ㻹ҪҪúˣ
ҪոɺһתѾȻһϴЦ߶
ԶŻţ㿴ҲӵˣΪҪסĹӲС㣡ȻСҲôöӣ
ƣΪǹĥС㡣
ῴôãһֱΪɺرĶӲΣŮҲԸӴһû뵽ӾȻϲɺ
ӵΪ벻ͨ                        
ߣ᣺ҹ۲ôãܾİСȻԸôӣллС㣡

 42 

ɺ֮ǰֻԼһ, ⻹ǵһ˴
ڶߺХ
ɺ, ķʵܵס𣿡
ɺ, ܲ÷紵ɹ
û¶ɺϴ˷, һɡ
嵹Щ⣬漴ٶȡ
ڹŴľ, ɵʱ, ɺĺá
˶ɺס, ɺЩ٣ĪЩȡ
˹ǹ˵, ˼òȫˡ
»Ǻܿ׵ġ
ʵ̫ˣ˵Ѿɺ˾ٵĵط, Ͼǻʼ, ûʲô徻, طԻСһЩ
ɺһȦ֮, Żٶȣˮݸɺ˵, ȵˮһ
忴ɺϲɺ岻̫
ɺͷС˷ܵĺνӹˮ, ˶٣ɺ˵ͻȻһЩѧ
ո۳ңо֮ǰЩƺҲֵá
˵꣬ɺħѧɪ˼֣ô˿ֲ뷨
˭֪һ嵹šüͷո㻹ǱѧˣӺŮӱͲͬŮСﲻô죬̫ѧܺܶࡣ
˭ѧûᣬҪĺãҪ๦
ԺҴ忴ɺˮϣɫ΢΢һ죬õˮոյݸɺʱû룬ڲŲס
ðɺ˵еʧǣǵСҲö࣬ʼҲܽ
ףһüͷ漴˵ﻹСЩطʱžˬպǱ߰ЩˣҴȥ
ɺͷɻʵǱߺܲ𣿡
ھǴôãս֮飬ңݳޣɺܾԼڰʢ
һ£̫ƽ
㲻õģɺͷõġ
£ޱ飬ȴϲ̣ĺ
ɺ޶ϰˣһСûС˼
ôã᲻ᷢӲã
ҡͷ޷ǶȲңοıҲû˼
ϵͳһͬ
㻹ǸӰɣкαɱִ塣
ǵĽӸǴҪܴˡ
ûüͷǴӼ˻ű˼мı
ɺ̧ͷ˿塣
幷鹷գټϸոĮһеɺͻȻҪʲô
ͷһЩ
ţеɻ󣬵ǵͷ
漴һӡĴǣúñȰҪи
ȻʲôҪΪڿӡ
۾˲ˣһ죬һûɺһĻᡣ
һǽɺѾͨ죬촽ҲĵѪŻһס
廹δɺ촽ѵɺ硣
ɺס촽УټȻҶ֪ʲôȥ׼ɡ
ɺʾһҪҪӵˣ˵ˣɱ㲻׼׼һʲô©ô죿
Ŷʧסɺ°͸ɺļϡ
ܾͻȻĳЩ档
ɺĿ壬ͻȻߵķ򲻶ԾΪʲôһ͵飡
ڿʲô
µץʲôû
ɺ·ôʵģҲûᰡ
㻹뿴ѹԴǲһʼͲ⣡ɺ˲Լƭ¶СҪȥ
ҵúỵ́㲻á
˵ʲôɺܾøոǵ͵ֹʲôû
Ѹҡͷ
˵˿ɺЩ͸ֶţòװϱƢԺȥһЩɲϱȻּϱˡ
ɺ屧ˣ
ǰɺ᲻Ҫ¡
ɺŲ£ɱǻֲ
ϵϯλ߸ϣŮǵϯλԶء
ٷֿʱֶɺ˵ɺҵȻһúñȡ
ɺŶһ̲סһЦݣſ첽˹Ůϯλ
ٻʱԺ˺ܶࡣ
Ůϯλ߸ӲΡ
ζλƮԶˡ
ʺЦɢȥԳ˼ɺϵ壬ﰵѹһĶӲΪŮʧǵˣȻһ
ѾȥԼˡ
ıϾҪʼ
Ӿ̲ס̵Ǹֺͷģߵôμ
ӿΧһȦ˵Ǵδйμġ
ͷӣȵĹңǱȵùղμĳӣ
Ĺٵλߣ佫λֻͣĲ䣬ԻǾó䡣
ȻҲС
üЩ֪֮ȥҲܺãûûˤˡ
ӱ̵һס
ʹݺݹԼӣһԽݺͳǱԣǶˣα˵ЦЦͺá
߲Ǹ޸޻޽Ļӣ˽ʲô棿
ӵҲǷǵ壬ֻǣˤΣܾ¶Ѳ˸ϵŴһ䣬˭֪ôӡ
Ҫô죬Ѿ˶ֽš
ʱͺΪ飬ٿƥʱ֪ûʱˣ˶˿Ѿǳ
ϵͳȻҲˡ
ȵĻ𣿡
Ȳأ㻻ƥɡ
ãҴһ̡
ǰͷΪ֮֡
вУ
ϵͳż
С㿴أɱţͺˣСӡѾôˣװƵʱۻǺúװɣ
ôͲˣкܺáɺˡ
ԼĴǣá
ۻ軨ˡ
ϵͳ
񾭴أ
ˣɣ̸ֲżʲô
巭
ϵͳż̳ǣŵķûʲôӹȻá
ͻȻϵͳϽǵ˯ʱ䡣
أôûˣ
ζĹʺǻûأ
ϵͳͻȻ뵽ոͬһ¡
ǻƬոոմ򵽴̼Ķʱͬˡ
Ƭʱʲô治飡
ɺӣеŲߡ
ԭɺֵģżһֱԱߵĳ鿴ȥˣ뿴Ϳע⡣
ɺ
ðɡ
ɺҿҶڶĹӸǿʱԼҲ֡
ֻǣɺͻȻЩңһָͷ
ͻȻ裬ѸٹδˣͷҲͬ޹ء
λֻ赭дȥˣɺҲδ⣬ϾյͷϷǴɱϣɺȻɺ͵ؿ塣
ǳˣѾǰ
ģǾΪˡô˶̲סޡ
ֻһգۣѸԱ߾Ÿ˵ľ룬ԽԽ죬ΪӰ
ɺԽԽɵӣ
Ҫ㣬£ԭһ㣬ȥͺãô죬һ˵ġ
ϵͳʾԼҲŻˡ
ôΪװƲҪ
˶֮һ·̵ʱѾյ㡣
Ѹս֣Լ̹
ͻȻٸǰ㣬ԭؿʼתȦ裬ѸԶ룬û˸ǰԸȵŸ½½յʱѾŰĭˡ
˹עǾŸˣϧȥŤͷƵĿ˾еˡ
ǵɺȥʱ򣬾˺ɺڨ˵ģɺ⾩ǵжãʱˮƽҲ˲ܴһ
ĹӸǶЩơѲΪˮƽ˱Ʋ
Լδ޵ı׼ҶȻˡ
ƲӦõġ
ǽⱻ˶˵Ҫ²мˡ
Ȼ£ŭȥ顣
Դ˲⣬ȥҲ˼
ֻڽŮϯʱɺȻͿɺĹĵĵһۡ
壺
ѵո
ɺĶҪĳˣܸողŶ̶̼˲ɺԼѾڶû
ɵӻЦ
֪⣬ҪôͲҪȣҪôٻһƥжţȥ
ίΪʲôֵ
ȵϯλ˶һο壬˵һҪҳ¶ˡ
Ҳ˼ģĺúÿοһ
šü˭֪ôûãȻѾ֮Ŷ
ƽ˼ִ棬ҵһӺͳһˣǸڸ̾߳
˽Щ˸й̽ʳ˶ǲݵСĲɴ˸棬Сˣų¡
ϵ˽
¶ĻֻӢڳǽޡ
ЩȺв۵佫ǣֻ
пŵոһӣѾϽ磬ǾЩһܱġ
εͷҳϴϲ³ʳֽ輧һ͡
ɺȴԽԽĲɡ
輧ϳˣôԭеĴɱҪˡ
½㣬ͻȻЩƣȥԱϢƬ̡
֪ɺ岻ã¿˵һ𡣡
ûϵ½㣬Ů߶һոճԵżˣʳͺá
鿴ɺ㣬鿴ɺȭŹ൱ʵŮ˵ͷɺ³çˣȻȥӦ¡
ɺ˸ƫƧ˵ĵط
Ӹոտʼɺָо
֮ǰ֪ġ
֪ƣܾӦҲŹ
Ҫȥ˵ĵطȽϺã˱Ҳʡ޹Ů졣
˵ѵʲô
ʱ鿴һεʱ򣬲û˼̿͵״Ӻζ̾ãнⶾҩ
룬ǾӦѺӹͬļƣӼȵ˻ϵΣֵõĲλá
ǰΪôΪּҵǮƻй˼ҵ֧֣ڿûּҺ͹˼ը״̬
ôѵıǡɺԼԴֵС˵Ҳúÿѵı϶мԵλʷ档
ЩӣܻһЩ֮ǰûݣϣսЩ½ڣϽѵı
ͻȻϿʼɧҡ
ߴŮľɺСĵĶţǵһξɱִ棬Ŵҽˮƽôͣʺͨ˶ûñȣǶԶá
ɺС̽ͷ뿴ʲô
˰ɡһ￴Ҳж
СģͻȻվɺ˵
Ựµʱ򣬾̻ӵһ
ɺ̽ͷϽӣ󣬾ҡ
ǱŮľһһд̿ͣϽ֯һ
ɺƿյɺ̫ҿɺþͺãɺҲҶСĵ
ͻȻһֱɺɺһԶѹһ¼ɺԼѸԶЩ˹ȥ
û°ɣ߶ƥ˼֮󣬺ܿû׷
ոĿˣɺ˵ͽţһ죬͸оǵһ㡣
弲۵ȫĵطͣСĵĽɺܲܣ
ɺӣѻɺû뵽Ҳɺ֡
Ȼлڣɺ϶ᰲȫǲģϽ˹
ɺ΢˻ں˼£ͻָɺҡҡͷֻ˫ֻǱôϮʱģڻǺ
ôˣûȻ𣿡ɺ廳ʵ
ȡ
ͷɺոܵļˣɺ˼ĨΣ˿ĿУ۾һգһգ˲ӵ
ȻϲԣԳ
лүȣǧ͹ǧϹǧ屧ȭ˵үѾȫλڶڻߣҲЩȥɡ
ɺϽ廳Ϻϼ࣬ȥɡ
ոǽбǿһĻɺǹֲ˼ġ
۹ǧΪʲôߡڶûȢޣǲǶɺ⣡
йǧ֣ǵˣ
ߺߵĺɺ˱뿪ˡ
ǧû˵˼ɺûˣﲻ֮󣬱㽫ɺԼǰɺǣ
ǧּü۵Ŀɺüۡ
ɺԡ
Σǧʵסˣɺ֪ոջ﷢ʲô𣿡
ʲôɺ֪ǧô˵϶⣬̲ס̫ˣץӷεġ
ǧһһ̿ʹɱϵʱǾֱ˴ֱ̿ͣűˡ
ҲֵˣӢ۾
ɺô£ȻڰңҲˣô£˵ʵȻţȴ֪Լǰȫġ
ǧ֣𼷶ɺˣǧε˵ɺϵʱץ
ɺŶһϽס
ɺĻǲǺܰȫǧȻŹɺԵ
ɺ㣬ǧ֣˵ҾͲˣ
綼˰
ɺŤͷǧ֣ɺյһƬ
ƽնĿôãôûǸϹǿö
ǧĿ۹ǧ֣ǧʼ磬Ȥòе£˵䶼С
ɺ˿ǧʵ磬˭˻ϰ
òỹӰɣ

ǧ˵Ϳɺһ±ơ
û˰
δ򡣡ǧһ䡣
ɺһ
ǧʱЦŽӹ˻磬ɺ㶼֪Ǳ߶֡
Сǧ档
ûˣǧַһ䣬Щĵ˵֪˴硣
˵ţǧѹգߵУһ붼Ǵ̿ͣӲ޳棬β֮ʱͻȻŻϹȥ
ȻżȻϣǧ̿ӡ
ǧЦ˰ΣĹǧǶһĨ΢Ц
Ҳˣֻϧ̫磬̿½ǶûԼˤ˸ʺ˳㻹һ´̿ͣô̿͵Ľлϡ
ɺûסһЦ˳
Ѳǳ˲ˣ
⻹粻ء
ȺԽԽɺָϽƺԼ沿飬ϱɱ鰡ЦôˣҪ
ǽûˣɺֽŵʵ
ǽĨ˾綾Ƿ˽֪ѻԸԸ⽫ҩ
аվһˣǧϳλӡ
ɺѽİһλʬôǹ

 43 

ʱһѴ̿ͣ̿ͽƫ, ǡý󽫾һڴ̿, ̿ͳ֣ĽԱߡǧֹһĨϷֲ֧Ц, ӵļͷ
ɺ
ĿɹҲ
˵, ֺԭ鲻ֺ
ΪȻһǹ̡ŲûϾú
ǱҲѵ, û, Ҳ˲پš
лӶڻ, һ˶ҲɫԱŹš
󵽵Ǹ, ϱţ, κͷҲûʲôԴĶ, ָȵ, ¡
Թ¡
Ͻӵ촽
ӵȻԸȥ, ƻôãȻҪһʵʱ, ̳ǵߣεС
ǱСƳȥģûٹעʱ㿴ɺǱߵЩ࣬ɺȥ, ˭֪
Ҳн
ҾҲ
ͬϵͳۡ
ϵͳ
˵޷
ǲȻŭ̫ŻϺһյ裬ϲЩˡ
ӡ
մɱľȻǶǵı֡
棡ϿӣղͲҪ³ͷҿ뺦ޣ
ʣԩģԭƻԵһʱ˭֪ʵʱ˳ȥ
ң㻹粻ȣӳʱǻϽ뽣ʱ
ȥţϸɴཫԼŵͷȥظ֮ҹؽգڼ䣬䣬֪Ůˣ˼ȡҲҪҲգ
⻰£ʹɫʱȫˡ
ۿ˶ѾĶӱ̫ȥⷣ򣬻ʹ飬׻ûסϣ˶Ƚ˶򡣡
ţϿۻĻʹһ򣿡
ʹɫһ䣬檲ҡ
ʺһЦݡ
ӺһӸߡ
ĶӹһЩӻ飬ɻʲôãԼʵֵĺá
ʺԭôӺӶԱȣһԱȾһ˯š
ǰ͵͵ĽʹôĶӣڣʺԽԼԽ˳ۣԽ⡣
塣
Ϸй꣬ٿϹıֱ˿ûһεŭðˡ
֪Լ̬ܵ͡
ôֱʲô
ǽ˺£۹
̿ʹɱޣжӵйõģ㲻ޣȴŮ˶꣬һһŮ˾ͻ𣿡
룬ɺȷˡ
һβɺҩ
һΡǲǾͽˣǲǿԱɺˣ
뵽ɺ嶼ǶĸоʱЩ졣
ϵͳ
ֳ̤ĵʱ
ϵͳݺݵһš
ԺһʹҪǵЦҲסˡ
ӭŻĲ֣͵ô೯ʿ϶£δ˭ûУҵȻùȥ
˵ֱ׳ʣҵץסÿһᣬץסδ޵ġ

Ҫǻ˾ҩ飬һݺһš
ߡ
ϷӦȥſڹţ
ʲôƽױ塣
ޱ飬ոջߵ̫ˣ֪߸һЩ
ȥʱѾסڵſš
忴˿ӣջߣɱɺˣӵģдӵģѸʲôأ
ʹſڵϣͿԼߵܹرֱӵߣ廹ЦЦ°˵磬Ҳܣҵ˻ȡ
ӣ
˭̤ˣ
ɺûޣʲôôʲô
Ӵһ˹ȥ
һΣ̫ྪ˻ʹƬ֮󣬻˽̧ȥҽΡ
廹š
飬Ȼɢɢߵߡ
ɺǰɹŵ壬Щ游Ҫð
ļϹ̫ү˼̫үҲø˼ٹһʱɣϽձϾûˣңǰ浲ţӦͷ̫ء
ɺŷģ΢ȵ壬̫͹Ůãɺżһˡ
ǹ̫үҲ֪˵ôĻ
һ죬ڶ죬͸ˣ˵ϥǶˡ
̫үʱӲ˼
ô˵أ嶼Ϊɺġ
̫үŵǻص֮󣬾Ϳһڵһ𡪡Ե⡣
̫үһȦɺģǽմʹ಻޷ϳ塣
ȷûϳ̫үľȻţϾ
ԣոεʲô
˿˿̫үѵɫһ¿ЦеĹϷˡ
ǹϷ˳ֵʱˣ
ϷЦекԼôڲ³Ǹʶɺĵʵ̫ˣҵȣʵڵȲ³̲סԼˡ
Ҳˣ԰ɡ
̫ү۾ŬӣڿССһ鵰⣬̫үٿǰһ飬鳹ױ仵
˳ةǵ˵̫үޱĿ壬ү˵ϥͣ޷ϳô˴˴
ƭϣҲϳ彫治飬˵̹Ȼ
̫ү
۾֮
ǰͷֳһڵ⣬Ϸǳ̹Ȼƭƭˡ
̫үĹ
Ǹƨ
Լĵ⣬ʵɲ𣿲ԣ
ԣ

̫үϽʳĽԼĵ⻤ߣԣ
˸ĹôͻȻ̬˺ˣ
ǧŵ⣬˵үҽԸѧ
ǧͷҲǡ
˵ͷˬӦ£û⡣
кӣ̣к̵ܶġ
ǧʺ͹ǧ֪Լʲôħѧһϲɫ
ɺ۵Ŀ˿֪ıܣڶЦЦҲãܿҪĶˡ
Թ̫үӡˣǻϱɱ顣
ǶԼ༸佫Ǳɱˣû
¶ȥˡ
̫ﶼš
ֻү΢ЦعҪսŰˣ˵ʲôأ
̫үһȦּ˶ˣϱҲ̫ͬүл㱵ЩϱҲȫ佫ҳ黭һϲͨ赶ŪǹǱࡣ
Լϱأ
̫үŤͷȥԼϱͷֹϷЦеĿɺ塣
̫үֻȻǹϷ׿ϣҲɺԱߡ
գ»ϣȥɺľٶϷȫ
ϳ֮£˼ȻԴ뱣ϣү˸Ͻϣ̫ү̫۵Сǧ͹ǧָϽȥɺ
ⷬţ̫үȻǼޣȻһô죿
кӶȥɺΪжϷ˶Ȼ΢ʣ˿ֱɺ壬Ϸ˶ӡ˲͵۷塣
̫ү˼ɺмԶݺᣬԭѵġ
Ѷ
̫үῴǾ岻˳ۣ̫үҲ磬үղŸ˵ԼҪڼҾ˿үҼҽ˲Ǽҿô죿
˵̫꣬үͱϷ˲һš
ϷЦе˵үʱߵĲţû˷֡
ȥһ˷أ̫үŲӲ
Ҵȵߡ
̫ү
ôо˸ӸԼء
ǹ˼ҵĲôǧͻȻ˵ÿˣǻڱûǰɣȥƻкöҪ
ǧִóһͼֽ˺ѻģкüֽŵķʽ
ԭ㽨ţǧ͵˷ǼҺǹͨģ˱ۣŻǽŸȫһЩ
Ǿͽһһġ̫ү˵Сȥɺһ㡣
Ȼ˼ҾͿʼ۽ŵ顣
ȫΧۣʺš
ǽϿ
˵ѵҪ
ȫ¶Խûз塣
УǾôˣ̫үİ壬˭лҪ˵
Ҿá
Բɱ˵ˣ˵ã
ô˵ã
ϵͳ
Աա
˼һɱ壬ɤӣɥȨ˵á
øƨͷ͸ԼɺװΧ
ɺƴŷ壬̲סЦЦ
оɺߣҪɺһۣͻȻмԶվɺ嵲ʵʵ
ıꡣ
СɵΪʲôÿһʱ˵λװɵİɣ
ʱԼΣķ
ֻ뿴Լδ޶ѡ˳ױ
Ȼ󣬵ȵĥ䵽֮ǰûױԼδޣ˼ҵǶˡ
ǣ廳ɣ˼ҵǹ飬Լδ޶
廹˺ֽ̲Ĺǧ
ǧȭ湧үûô롣
Ȼǡܵġ
û飬ү챧ãΣ˹˼Ҷɺ
壺
ҲȻһ̽̽ǧġ
֮ʱ˼ҡ
üͷ𣬡˼ʲô
Žǹ˼СظΪǶϺ񡣡
鸣˸ֵлүЯʥʥּηΪɽСŮ˵үκҪ󣬿ᡣ
һھҪ󡣡
죬Ҫǲ̫ˣ
ҵԶһЩ
鵭һὫ⻰ת游ס
˵ţʩʩȻ˹˼ҡ
壺
óɺԶһЩ
һͷôܺɺн˵ʲôã
С˵ûëС㸸׸л㣬ֲСл㡣
˵Կ˰ɣȵҸص׶԰﷨ȫ
ڼǰתͷͿ齫ոԱɺ
ɺЦĺܲãЦǻ졣
˫ֲǰˣ
飬Ǹǧʺ͹ǧ
ʲô
û֪Щ̶Χǽ
ʵүҪ٣ںδ
;ȫͬõǽҲȫͬ
һôԺҪķΧ
᣺
ճԻүĵ
ϵͳٽŽţѾˣ

ɺӹ̫ү˵ӵĶˡ
εǴ֪Լⶾ̫Σٴ˲ң˵鷳ûҽϣǽԼŵĴ򣬶˵еͨĶѾˣ켴ɡ
ȻͬɺЩӡ
˵жͽⶾʱʹ̣ƾǲͬ顣
һΣӾǱ׼İʯͷԼĽš
Դˣ̫үܾ֣һ㹦ͺ޲ȫóһͣһж˵͵˻Щ顣
ɺ
游˵Ķ԰
鲻˵
̫үֿɺջ׷ɱɺôҵעڻֱߣټΪ˲˻ϵ¼ôҶûע⵽׷ɱɺ
Ļʹǲưոݡ
ӺӾȻɺˣҲ֪ûƲ
Щӣ˻Ӻ;ŻƺҲԼˣҪⳡ֮
ǵľԽԽˣ̫ү뻤üˣȵĻ쵽ޣôôأ
ɺ֪游ڷҲܳΪʲôҧţ
Ϊʲôôִ
ҪѶ˼ˣ
ɺȭϽѵȫ¼ȫָ
ɺÿ˯ǰĬĬԼԺϴһѵӡ
۲ɺü죬ɺ˯ǰ߶Զѡ
壺
Ҫ֪ɺһ㶼ϲѣ㻳Լֶһˡ
㲻ϲɺҲ߶˵ְ˯ǰ
ŪѵԸˡ
ɺ߶˺ü죬Ϊûµľ̼ԭѾǿĲɺΣֻһҹɺͻȻεһλ
۲ϲŮӣˡ
ɺҹԭǸע֣                        
ߣҿԵĿӡеǧ[Ȧ]ԵСʹȥҵרͿԿ£ֻ֮ԶX崿欷Ů

 44 

ȷҪ޸֮ɺһֱһ, ǾԭŮ˭
ɺһЩлиԭŮ, һЩԼǲԭŮˡ
ڣε仰, ɺͳһŶ衣
ô, ôܻܿ
ǸСŮһġ
ɺٿȻ, תͷ˯ȥˡ
˯ŵɺ, ɺֹ, һӵˣ֮Ļ, ȻЩ⣬廹¶Цݡ
ϱɰ
뱧һ
ϵͳĳպЦ, ϵͳ˿ʣ˯ߵ, ٿɺ, 塣
ϵͳĬĬԼ֮צ
ҲҪ˯ˣ
ϱʱ˯ʲô˯
ͳǶзģԣһͳ

ڼ, ˼Ҳȥڡ
˼ҰȥǰһϣҲʽסԼ
ǰ̰ٱ˼, 󣬸Ҳ͵ţ͸¶ʵϢ
Ϸ˴ӹ˼ҿĴſۣٿԼûʵӣϾ¶
ʱһ⡣
Ѿ, Ϸڹ˼ҵĵλȻ̫үͱȲϣ
ԴӹϷ˶ģ˼Ҽֱһɢɳƣ̫үΪǡ
⼸ֻŸɺ׼Ƹ񣬲ûй˵ӵװޡ
ȻҪˣǰԣԼҲȷ䲻ɺ
ϷˣѸ˵ǰûɺãպɡ
ϷЦеƣ˵Ҿһá
忴˿˼ӣ֪ΪʲôһɲԤС
ֻСһЩ
ϵĻش˻ͷһġ
ϷЦ˵ҲãһʺǷ޶˾ס
忴˿Զ˼ҵǴӣᶨҪΪԼȡһѣҪԺ͹˼ţ
˼Ⱥÿ춼ڶɺ
ӡ
Ϸ̾˿С˵Ҳ֪ɺ廹òãʲʺϳޣǴɺԴϢٲֵ๫ϣϺҸˡ
壺
˻
Ҿ⴦ͺܺá䡣
ĸ˵ʲôΪͷ̫󣬹˼ҵɹɺɺ
ɺ֮󣬾Ϳ͹Ϸ̸
ɺĿ壬һ
ſȥͶɺ¶һο
ϷһԾŮ˳ĸ߸ߴôǸ״أ
Ϸתƻ⣬ɺ
ɺҲԼԺҪסʲôطʹ˹ȥ
طִľǰ̰ٸһõطء
ɺҪ䣬Ϸ˿˿ԼŮӣһŮǰӣ˵Щʲôá
壺
ھ֪׸׬Ǯ
߹ЩǲʰǿʰĲô˵
ĸɺŹϷ˵֣ϾǴġ
ܶҪ̫
ʵڲУԺ󣬶׻ͼֽ׬Ǯˡ
ô롪ͻȻͲˡ
Ǳ˼
òԼδϱôԼǿǮ
С
ɺĵͷܴԼδţ˵оУ
Уżˣǣɺ־ǰߣҴȥ
Ϸǣŵ֣Щϣסˡ
Զء
Զô˵ͽӵΪ
Զ̱סԼҽĸ첲ԶΣкأҶ˵Ҫˣ˵ˣԺͲܺͽһסҪԼסԺҪס
Ϊʲô
嶼ôˣΪʲôͲԼסأ
ͷõĿ˿ԼǰСһ˼һ״ʱɶٸ˿סԶȽϺʡ
ĸһĲֿǰɺ˿տҲĲֿ⣬ʱе˸ӵĸо
͡ô
һƸûе
Ϸ˱ֵģ˭ֿ֪ʲôûУϷ˵ЩƣЩ½½˼ٶЩ˹Ϸ˵֣Ϸ˺͵˼ҵģͱȵʥϹĶֵǮˡ
ʲô

Զۡ
ɺͷԶԶѧһʣǲǺʺϴС
ȻԶһ˯
±ƵĿ˿տҲĲֿ⣬ͻȻ뵽ϵʱԸƸԭסڡ
͹˼ǰŵģʱӭȢɺſӡ
Դˣ嵹ûʲô
ǹ˼Ҳң˼̫Զˣ̫ʱɺ
ǣҲİ
ǵ˵ɺҲǸҲҡ
Ҫ֤ԼϱԣðЩƸ񣬴ӣһ·̧ߴңɺǲԿġ
ԣĲֿ⣬ʲôûС
Ƹԭӣɺ֣ż͵Ҵȥ׼һӵƸġ
ǲ˰ɣҲŸոЩۣȻǸ죿ɺ뱻ڶΡ
뾲̿һԻҪǮոִֿ˿֣ȻûǮܻҲ١
ԼӣɺͻȻЩ£Ժǲǵû֣塣
˻ɻУ
ʧɺǮҪҡ
ɺһȾĲֿ⣬ĬĵͷţӣŮˡ
ٵʥּᱻͷɺʡ
үɺСĵʾʵôһװƸģʹ͵ӡ
װ䣬ÿװһ㣬߲װҲ԰
ǻǰүĹװãҪ̫ɲΪƸٱдʷ顣
һ㶣׼Ķôӡ
ɺ͵ؿ壬ԭôɻء
Ϸ˿Ůڽʵ˵Ķһ⣬ԾЦЦЦ꣬Ϸ˾ͺɵĿɺɺ㿴˱㿴𣿡
Ҫǿ˵ĻɺӦöĲ˴⡣
ɺ֧ᣬתת͡ˡ
ȥϷЦеקɺˣ˵㸴ӣûҪ϶ȹ˼ҸӣɺԺҪ㣬϶Ҫܼңѧ˱ôԣ
ɺԹĿ塣
²ļһ
ǵƸ񣡽Ϳһӣĸ͵ѧϰ飡
ֻ밲һѧѣ
ԶһЩɺСͬϷۣĸҲѧôͨɣôҲûʲôҪİ
ĿɺĻ壺
Ĳɺ顣

ɺڷѧϰܼҵı¡
Ǯ
һҪϱ֪һǮү
ûǮҲԴ˰ǮϢģ
ƣ廹ĥôճ񣬶һЩ˯ߵ
ɺԸ˵ʱյһɫõ廨
屾ȾɫȴܾӦɺҪ֣̳Ƿɫ
žõ廨ӡ
Ȼġ
ױϱһֱױϱпܡ
ϵͳߥ塣
Ҫ췹һο϶䳬˯ʱ䣬нСɺӳ֣ȫõ浽һʱ佱
ڿÿŬͼֽҪú˵ŬС㣬ĵСȶȹȥ֮󣬾ͷˣҸǮֽİ
嵱ȻӦ
ȻΪ֮ǣԴɺ֮ÿԺﶼڷűȥ飬ֻǡ
ɺҿ
ί˼ʵʵ͹˼ҹõǽ˴̵ʡ
ʻǴ͵ġ
Դ֪˼Ұ֮󣬵˴ӸũǴҪЩʣ̫үҲҪԼŪʣֻҸ׳нũȫˡ
̫ү
ĶǶǸʲôģ
佫
͵ʻڻ£
һϹȥ֮ҵʾŲ˹˼ҵǽϣϤ·үҺԺ͵ܵ˺ǵǽϡ
嵱ͼǽʱǧ׶ĵĴ̼ڶϲ˳ˡ
ԭι˼һʣһ˵Ĳ״ʱˣˣүôˣ̰ɡ
룬һҪԼԶɺ
ϵͳ˿ǽϵҲЩѹ
ط̫ǿҷ̫޴
ϵͳ˿ǽҪļܣѹᣬζƬҲһǽ
ˡȳ԰Ƭ
³ʱ򣬾ͿԼ˯ʱֱˡ
ǰǸǮûˣǮȥ١ǣȥʰˡ
ǰϵͳ͵͵ĵȡ˯ʱ䣬Ҳû̫֣ҪҲǸס˯ʱˣһʱͻù⡣
ҪɺõǮֻҪʱһ٣ܹ֡
ϳʱޱ飬³ʱһ߷Ȼ
ةչȥʵүճϿɷʲôر飿
Ҳûʲôֵİ԰
ôô޿оղƸ񡣡
ة
Ϣ
ΪûƸ񣬿ܻƳٺĽӣ
Ϣ̫죬Ǻܿ춼֪ˣÿ˶
޿ǻܰﱾ𣿡
ֻϱܰ
ϱԻͼֽԸˣճɲˣ
ǣ
ܣˡ
Ҳ˵ϢϿ˿ԼĹ⣬Ҳﲻ˶ӡ
޵ԼҶӣʵԶ׼Ӵմ
岻Ϊʲôÿ˶׼ӣƸȻװģ׼ˣ׼˺ܶ࣬ҲװƸ񰡡
ϵһθоԼɵӻͦϵġ
Ҳпľ顣

ʱܿ͵Ҫӭ׵ʱɺԼĸܲܰܵӣƸ
̫ү굱ţ˾ѾˣԼŮôôί
³ʱ屻̫үһ١
屻Ҳ֪ԼǸˡ
ȻҶΪ
ն֪үҪȢˣ
ֻаÿնȥһԼүƸ񣬰˼⣬ҹϮ˲ٵطⶼȥһȦүǶǮүΪʲôҶ˵үأ
үλ쵽˵زģ
˼Ѿ׼ļױ
Ϸһ㶼۵İѼӵƸȫɺҲǵȲ⼸Фˡ
кԼ׬ǮɣҪ
ʢҪɺš

ҼүǮ
㲻Ҫүʲôŵ㶼ûУǮ
Ϊǰæ׬ǮνǴż޵һţɺһֱûнʵС
浽˻һ죬ɺ黹ǽ
ɺʱͱϴױһһĳ򣬼ҲһֱŹ˼̫ûϲ£Ҷܼһ᲻ŵĹǧ֣Ҳǰǰİæкˡ
û취Ҫ޵ǸүһµĶûУܶ飬͵ù˼ú⡣
ɺƯЦſɺüۣô㾫£Ų۾
һԵױҲЦſɺµĹ⻬һëûУƤϸۣүǼűˡ
ϷһֱЦпɺ˲ʵɺ˱𣿡
ɺССһǰ֢еǼ޹ȥ֮󾿾ʲô
˼Ҳ˵ͻ¡
οû̸ء
ʶ廹һ꣬ǹŴ²һ̸̸
һϷ˵ʻɺ̴˾񣬹صľСѧ˰һˡ
ʱͱɺˣưɺŵġ˶Цˡ
ɺ촽ŹϷˣĸ۸ҡ
ϷЦЦô۸㣬Ҿ㣬ͻǣռ޹ȥˣߵţͲˡ
ĸˡɺŹϷ˵ĸ첲
ɺǲе㺦¼˰˴Ȥôżʱ쵽ˣ㻹ȥ
ˣһ
ϷԼŮķŮ˸ôصͷΣַ֣Ȼͷ취һɺͷνˣѹɺ
£үҪ۸㣬ͻؼҸǣϷɺ֣һܣǸ
ϷҲЩǣȻ岻ǸվüģôܷİôŴŴŮȥ
ɺصͷϲĴߴ£Ǻ˸ͷ
ɺͻȻһǣоǸС֣ɺЦЦһԶ
Զԣ͸ĸɣϷԶ֣ĴӣȰүһ죬ҽòã
ԶûŲһ²ӣ׷ɺһ֮ûٶˡ
ԶԼ彣
Ҫú䣬ҪүԽ㲻ã͸
ƸѾƺƵĳˣӳռ˺ü֡
룬ûСү˰ɡ
ϸһǵۣͷִҸûЩӷҶ˵ǿĵģ
ίүΪʲôô
Ȼϳ֣ǻҲȥԼҶҵĻƸ
˵ֻӾʮʱ򣬻ЩΪѣСǲ̫ˣ
ʮӾͿˣһɺһӶǿյģĵҪô죿
ҲΧĻ񣬴ҽͷӶһ϶ǸĻУǵӭȢƸҲŲʮ̧
ʵ̫ţôӲռط
˭ȥϿһ£Ҫǿյģ¶嶪
ԭֻǿǵùʧ⣬ԵĻⶼӣұ㰴סġ
ˣôǻ񣬸Сӡ


ôˣ
ô֪үǮ
Ƹ񰲰ȫȫı̧˲ֿ⡣
žǹ˼ҵļױδҵʱʵĶˣ˼Ҳóʮ̧ױ
ⶼǼŮˣʺҲĹɡ
ƵĿ壬嵱϶֪˼ǮֳɺΪǮƹȢģ۶࣡

 45 

ӣҲϵߡ
ϽŵĿŹ˼ҡ
ȿɺϸ˴ӹ˼ҳֵʱ, ۾˲䱻
ȻҪ˱Ͻӵ, ΪʵĴ磬ǧ縺й˼¶Ľʵ
ǧ붣ɺ, ֻǽ˼̫ǧ·Ӵ, ͵˽ſڡ
ǧͣһ£뵽ڷſɺ, ɺ֮, ɺ, ǧʱͲˡ
ãȻ米ؼңǧ񾭿հһ˲, Ծʵ
˵濴Ųףɹǧȴ֪, ԷҲ۲ŴԵ, ԷҲж֮, ǶԷλ֮, ±øۡ
ɺԹǧ΢Щη֮⡣
ǧƹǧǰ㲻ŵƽ̫, ɺܾǰľһ
ѵǧô˵ɺʱɣſڹǧͷЦ
ȻˣżǧǸʲô˼
֪ǧֿ϶ɺв֮ģ
У͵͵ľ, Ҫʣ԰ɺΡ
ʱҪˣȷְɣϷѹǧ֣Ȼ᲻ãǲɺʱ
磬Ժ󾭳ؼҡɺſڹǧּͷԸ
šǧͻȻͷеᣬĪӿһŮοС
Ÿжţǧ־Ϳ徼ɱߣǧֶʱֲԼұˡ
û߶ã˼ҺĴʵ̫ˡ
ܽηŻ˲ɺɾԼûȾ͵ˡ
ɺһθл游İѼҰᵽźɵĻء
Ҫһ·ӹģûʱ򣬿¾Ѿΰˡ
½ӵʱɺһţͷϸźͷǰ·ʱɺַˣ±Ҫࡣ
ɺЩ棬ڵж졣
彫һ˵ݸɺɺߣǰʲôһģҪ¡
ɺġ
ɫ糺а಻סѹͲҿɺ
ԽǰߣɺԼҲԽ
һ̣ɺľľĸһɡ
ģûκξĸ˱ԹƣУ˼ҵľʵ̫ˣڣɺԼɢĹ˸飬ͱ˶
ϲɺڴϣɺֶ
кüڣɺǵС˵ӴӼ˴ʱЩӶ⵷ңӳ
ɺɵñ
ֻǣҵȣûȵֶˡ
ɺɻ󣬡أ
˶˼ҵźȾơ
ү˿ڱ߹ضģȵĶǲٵҾƣȣӲ
˾ǣƽգǹ˼ԼȾƣǵʿƷƵķʽ͹˼Ҳͣĳϣ̫үʾ֮£˼ҵ˱ԷɢӣΧ˺˸찵ء
ͻȻù˼ҵҲЩɰġ
Ȼţǵǲܰȵǣ岻ϣɺŵϵľζ
ֶıֻ˼ˣǺ͹˼ҹϵ׽ģֻΧɺ˵ϲĻ
ɺͷĥһ£ԼΪѰһأȻôͨˡ
ֻǡͷĺó
ʲôʱܽ
ϲǿɺܣϲ类˼ҴҲ֪ɺ岻̫ãϽοһүӦҲˣʱ˺ƣ˷㲻Щˡ
ɺͷҲ֪ϲڰο˭֪һһʱʱ
ϲƲٻõһʱϣүûкȵﲻ
ԼҲȲôãҪйطǵһһľ꣬ǲɺãˡ
һƣ庮䣬±죬û¿֮°ѻ̽˶ӡ
żе٩뵽˵岻ãҲ֪ܲܵסǿ׳塣
ǣϲﻰʱȥ·
嵽·ʱֻм˺ͼСɺߣԶ
ԶԼҽӣͽ㲢ŰţȥͿԶ̧ͷ
壺
ױҪ
ôģ˶ûס
ʾ޹ԭǰҪСѹʾӶԶҪȥõŲɣôү͵Żڶպɡ
ǿ嶼һЩôͷŹˣ
ٿɺϵ񣬴ұ㶼ôˡ
ǶЦЦ
ϲҲγѣ˳Ӹˡ
һߵɺǰ
ɺͷ쵽˸ͷĳӸˣסˡ
ȻѾ棬ԼױĺѿŨױĨģױ˵ĸҲһĿɺ֪Ŵױݴ඼Լǲϰߡ
֪᲻ᱻܡ
ɺĿ塣
ڿճյʱɺ˺ϼѸٵͷ
ɺƯ
Ա̴˷ǵ͵Ц˹ɫɹٶֱˡ
үųӸɵվˣ̲סѣкҪȡ
嵽ҪôɵɵĿɺʲôʱ
Ŷûдɺȥ
ϲЦŶ˺ơ
ɺԺһڣֽ˶ԷɺƼԼ˵ĵطһڣɺһ죬ͷҲոպ˵ĵطһڡ
ϲһƣ֪¶ϲ
⣬ϲһĪҪǽᷢλһ뿪СҲˡ
ֻԶᣬɺԶСְοһӦڶԶ棬źԶȥˡ
嶢ɺǵգɾЩڿʣ뵽˻ЩƮ۵ɺ춯ˣԺɺģҲ棬ûԶķݣ
ŮˣôܲĻ
ɺΣڡ
үᷢ𣿡ɺͷڣʵۣ廹ڷʲô
ᣬγѣɺ˵Ȱͷڲˡ
үˮ𣿡
Ȳþƣҽ˻ˡ˵Ȼרעĸɺͷڡ
Ϸù̫ү߹ͷڵļɣμģȻ裬һ㶼ûɺͷ
ɺ򴽣ֻһСҲû£Ͼǽ鰡
ûϵˣٲǡ
ɺЦЦϿһ£岻عصӣĺϲ
ͷڲɺ˿һ˳ͷЩԥе۲ɺͷǽᷢýᡣ
ɺԥ壬öԵ㶫һ档
˶ڴãҲǺܺġ
СĵĽͷһװ˺ɰ
ϰ˸ʽˮģɺЩɺϲģյɺǰιɺԡ
ĵĽִɺϣ֮࣬ţ£ֿ˿ƽղҿĵطԵţȻĻ죬ֱ·ء
Щѵģɺϲ
ɺҲоߣɺӶ˵ķɫһڵԽԽˡ
ɺ۴̣ոϲ˳ȥʱѾһ˴ϣǰһҪǧΪ̫߻ˡ
֮ǰй˻ٵɡ
һһͶιɺɺԷʱĹĵͣ忴ÿĲˡ
ɺúÿ̲סɺա
ɺ˺졣
ôߣɺҲԡ
ɺ˿ӣҲιһͻȻѾ˹
Ҳ˲ٻ
ӹˣ
ϲԾһƬģɺֻõԼĺȻȻͱͷۺ
Ҫȥѯʣȥɺļ¡
ͨͨļ죬嵣ɺԼ̫ûһɺԭнߣѹô
۵Ļɺ
忴ɺεգ̲סһڡ
ɺԼļ£е㵣ո˵ĿģѲѼϵĽ߳
үҾá»Űɡ
΢㶡
ĶȻҪһӶŵģɺΪ˵
ºܺÿԼ˺öءʵҲǱ߽߱ǽǣҪĵطɺԼǰ幤û׳
ϾҪö˿
ɺˮĴ۾СصİοԼҷүճ游ҵļױˣִŵĻһˡ
ɺصǿһԼ취

뻭֣
ίҲ㰡
ǷˣɺҪ̹һЩүҲ׼ʮӰʮͺ̫ÿţԵüˡ
ϲ﹧άʱŻˣôô䣡
ǿյġʱ;Լܵ衣
ʲô»ӻԼǸܵ飡
Ŭˣڸոױɺ֮õ廨ĵܵˣ

Ǯ
еףɺˣôɷʹŵģˣҫԼǮ
ģбҪΪԼȥɡ
𣿡ɺ΢㶵Ŀ۴ϵİԲ
ͷ
ɺ룬ҿҲһС飬Ǿȥɡ
ɺŮƼɺ˺صүǣֳʱ򣬷׷ӭȥүʲôԸ
»ҹҪȥʲô
³İͻȻе㲻õԤУԼүģܾáԾ
ҲϽȥ˵үˣҹʲôҪģԸ¾ͺá
ܣ
ȥ
Բ
𣿡ͷɺ
ɺҡҡͷ죬ҹҲ䣬˾죬ο廹ģָ硣
£˵ǲҪǡ
ŮǶʱǰˡ
ȵɺԶһӴһЩŮ԰˸ʵˣүȥʲôˣ

Ҳð
˿̾Ǿúܱ
ǰĵȵȣӦϾͻ
һֵǧʱүôãܻͼ֪˶٣ÿһᵽ飬ϱ鶼˲Ӧòɣ
ɺȥ˿ⷿʮ̧ƸͰĿⷿţôƸһʱ򣬳൱׳ۡ
ɺͻȻŪʮӣǷǳõ⣬˵İ
ɺˣܣʷƸͲ
ΪѸٽʮȫˡ
ɺԲ˲ͷоҪϹۡ
Ͻɺס۾ŵʵ˵۾ˣ
ɺѾδľ޴Ƹˡ
ɺҡͷѸٽĴְȥǰⱦӣЩƸ񣿡
ͷŵǿյģɺ㡣
ɺͷĸ첲ڽžһڣ֪ãҺϲ㡣
֪ڴܻشһ£Ϊ˸⵰ĸоһ֣ˬĺˬԺЩƸһһӣ
廹ûζɺһǣɺĸףͿɺѾǰʲô
ɺһʵĲϻͷ塣
廹ɺĻУκĻش
ɺҲټôϡı˲䱬һһӵİҪԼжʲ
ȫģ
Ѿ˿۷壡
ɺһ߰ӣһĻǳˮһӿ塣
壺
ģϱû˵ʵûôã
ϱֿˣϱã
ڲʺƨеʱãԼʲôҪ顣
ɺĿ佱ˣϽٿȥ
оʿҪݽˣѸŸֿ˵Ļûȥ顣
ʮ̧ƸҪ꣬һϵʱ䲢á
ɺԴ˹Ŵ֮ϢһֱܹɣΪ岻̫õԵʣɺѾҹˣǣڽǮĴ̼£ɺԼԣ
ǮǰʲôԵģ
СŮҪϢ
鷿Ǳɧһ
үȥ˰
ѵȥطȤˣ
үôô
˶ǵһΣʲôص㣡
ӹǲð
ŮǶſˣۿҪǰףһӴŮûסܻع˼Ҹ״ȥˡ
֪ӴԺˣǣˣһ϶ûҪֹүô۸˵ģ
̫үԭɶȥ׵㣬˼»򸾣϶ߣҪǵʱɺ֪˶׵ǽǣס̫ү尾һϡ
尾̫үǧסıͼĹǧ֣Լұʲôң
ܵһ尾
ϷҲ˯òȣϸ»ҹӦӣЩӣɺҲĺֻ࣬Ҫ岻ǿӦò⡣
Ѿ߸Ϲʱ򣬹Ϸ￩һ£ˡ
Ϸ˲ǸϽȥ˼޹ѾҵĹǡ
ʹҲˣǵİȻҪػʹȷһ
˿һȾûжİˣүûԲ𣿡
Ϸ˿Ƿӣüͷ΢壬Ҳ֪ʲôϷ˸ϽԹǧ˵˸Ͻȥү
ǧͷѸ뿪
һҵԼүʱүڿĵĻ޶Է
᣺
ÿ귢ʣҼүǲĵģ
ҿ͸
ʵүڷˣˡ
˴ţЩģ΢һ
Ĭү»ҹ˿ⷿ
Ϊʲô
Լү˴
ɺʱǱųģɺǶһϣȽˡ
֮ɺûʶʲôЦ˵ĺÿ찡
Լүؾص·ͷе
̤ûԲ
ڸʲô
涢ŸЩ˴үڿⷿڸ
ͷһ̲סԼıƢˣүϢ
ȻǣѾ죬ɺһϣÿһƶˣҴڿƸ񡣡
һϣ齩Ӳ
Цŵͷ˳һԼ׼Ƹܲ±Ȱ׶ˡ
Ȼˣãͻƽϡ
оԼҪ裬үİˡ
ԭأβŴӺڼһ֡
֪ԼĲʲôˡ

 46 

̫үڣĶڵѪ, ֪ͲŹǧȥǽǣ
ǧֻܰƸԲ˸
ɺ֪ڸô, קקʵԲü𣿡
ڽϺͻʺ֮ǰ, Բӽȥͺá
ҲǱ˲ʹš
ɺƵĿ壬Ҿҵܺð
ҿ϶Ҫһ, 巢ҪסĽϣûô졣
ɺ
һ㶼û, , ȴʼ
ڵȷ, ﾭḻҲûôƵ飬ǰϺͻʺͨ
ɺϽŮȥ, ͼԷ¸ʵĵĽԪöԷ˵û
ּᶨľܾ, Ǯ, ǡ, ô˵û, Ϊ
ߵ˰·Щɻ, ȵȣ˼ҵôȫֵģ
֮͹˰
ϷѾǿҪˣǵһμ顣
ȥɣϷ˿֪Լ˴ͷһ󲻳ɺ, ̾˿˸ϻʺ󾴲衣
̫ү粻Ŀ壬Ҫûһ׼Ĳһ£
Ҳ̫ˣ϶Ҫɺˣ
ֿʼɹĸɺϴ׼
ʷܾΪָרŽ̵صˣоүһͷҪˡ
ʷŬź崩µʱٸү߶һЩأϣܸȫʬ
ںѹһһε»ҹȻƸ˵õ»ҹɺ׳أ
ʵ̫ޱĿʷҶ˵
ʷ
ү㶼ʲô
ʲô㲻Ҫ裡
ҽһԲġĵɫĿʷ
ү˻Ϻͻʺô˵
ûʷĻԺﲻͣظ֣Բ
ʷ
ˣǻ¸һ¹֣ǰѵĥһЩܵ
һɺҲϴˣֵǶɺһֱĬĬ
ɺŵʱ򣬽ڹǻҪū澵ͷɲ԰ū˵飬ūȫʬ
ɺ
ɺοֵģ϶ῳͷģүͷϾͺˡ
ԲҲ޹ذɡӦðɡ
΢΢룬һͷŶǾǿʷͷԣū澾úܺá
ʷˣĹأ
һ𷸵Ĵƾʲô˦
Ҫһȥ¸ĥѵӣ
ֻһ˶ѵĹǧɻĶıӰã˶ŽεεıȥƸүǲë
֪Щʲô

ɺϵʱЩүϺͻʺ᲻ǰ
֪ҺҲ졣
ɺ
ͲܰοԵĸ
ôʵʲô
ǹĻһʲô
򣿡Ƚ϶ľ顣
ȴȡɺϽȥԼСˣŵʱһȥҪ˺ö׼˺öСʳ
û£ҴţһԵĹó˵һαʱҾ뵽ԺٱǴźãһ
˫۷Ŀɺһӡ
ɺ
ô˵أȽϸӣ뾭ֲأ
ΪҪüͷɺĶͷոƭģҲţ˵ˣôܴţǲøʸ
ģ첻ܵġ
ɺᣬҵ׸òأ
ˣ׻Ȱɡ
̤ʲôС׻ȰҪɱ㣡
ϵͳո߾ոǷĻϵͳٺЦѵСܣˣ
ϵͳһطһƵˣģ˶೤ʱ䡣
ط֮ǰϵͳʣ˯ʱ䣬ôʱûбأ
˵Բô飬Сڣ˯ʱֻҪҲö屶𲽰ɡ
ϵͳһ˿ɻطżأȻͳӶľˡ
ཫһ̶û뿪壬ӵ»ҹôǿ飬Ҳ벻ˣڳ쵽һĻϵͳٸнԼСһ齫ȥˡ
һϲڶѣ
ϵͳˣ»ҹûжָñеͳȫˣôôࣿ
ͳԺÿһֵٶȣûеӡ
壺
Կۣ͵Ķ˶١
ɺСĵĹ۲壬ĬĬ¼ţǰֻǲ裬ŷҲ衣
ѹ˼Ҷ˵ö飬Ż֣ᷢҪǲ飬Ҳ֪ë
Ҹ׻ȡǿкϷϵͳùɺĻȡ
𣿡ɺСʵ
µ̧ͷȰ
ɺʲô
ͻȻԼҪһɺˡ
ǡСĵ㰡ˤȣ
˹Ŵҽˮƽǻİ
ɺ硣
һŮ˵ȣɺôôϸ
ȻǸ·ȴԳϮͷΪʲôҪɺȥƸ
Ƹʲôʱܿ
ҺΪ岻ãԶ̫գһֱ֣ɺ˵һȡ
֪˵ʲôһ
Լȡ
ϵͳӵˡ
ȥôôɰС㣬㻻»ҹŹС㡣
ϸ룬ΪֹСÿһνӴССòңϵͳ
̲סϵͳ˺ܶ𣿡
㵱ûʣҲᰲο㣬ҵ˯ʱ㡣
ϵͳ޵ĸ˿Ǹٽı
屻ɺǣеעȻ˶㣬Ǻ£ȵ״ȫһ
ɺȣӲӲ󲻶ȫһ
ɺԼģԱȵ϶Ǽ⡣
ɫ糺죬Ҳԡ
ɺ̧ͷɫΪʲôô죿ʲô
˵ţװģȥɺȣɺջԼȣ
ΪʲôʧҶˡ
Ϊɺ֧°룬˵Ҫ㰡ͲԲˡ
ӣСûãҪǻӶˡ
ϵͳ²ۡ
֪࣬Ϊʲôر졣
ɺЦˣ۾ö
ЦЦɷģɺ֣ݱѵɺ
ɺίı졣
еˣЦɡ
ôô氡ɺЦĻıԼϱһҲǹⱧ㣬㡣
ã롣
ϳỊ̇үЦƨЦҪүھ͸ȥƢãүԲװĺܿĵһֱЦôôõ
л֮

ɺһֱˣҲǰ΢һЩȻһ䲻ǳ֮ʵܺ۸
ǻʹ˶һ
Ϻͻʺɺеˡ
Ҳɺ֣ʺͻ϶ǰֵˣڱƲȥˮ̰۵鶶̲ڲ飬̲ʹҧĺܽ
ʺ鲻ã϶Ҫôɺˡ
ʺǱ۸ɺͷϡ
ɺһ𵽷ܹʱ򣬿ϾȻҲڣ΢΢㶣϶һĮģֻǾ裬Ϊʲôڡ
ɺۼ⣬һ۾ͿԱߵ֣ǲհ
ɺǣǣ֣ʾȥ
һɺ˵¡
ɺ
ǣ֣ķ򰡣
ĵ罻ʧܡ
ܴ֮ûĬһ¡
˽ȥ֮ϺͻʺԱߵĹŮûϲ裬ϾͰ಻סʵҹǶûԲ
ʺҲ𾪵Ŀˡ
ӵùһֱô¶϶һΪٲӺͰ˻ӵֶΣôôɺʾһˡ
ǽ졭̫ϡˣȻôɡ
ֱͦ塣
ϣ
ˣ
巸ܲиӣÿ˶ôֱһҪ۹͵Ĵ
ʣƸ񡣡
ɺĸжүĺܿףͿϷɣһûǹ⻷ûлʼѪͽȥͻᱻ
ɺĵĹԭأ룬ǴĶˡ
Ϻͻʺҭһ¡
̲סʵƸܶ𣿡
డͷǻûꡣ
ʺյ϶˵׼ʮױ˵ÿһ䶼ġ
ʮ䣬ȷѾ
ϱ鸴ӵĶԼĶӣ֪ͿɺǮơ
ǣô̰ҲҪһ£޴˶̶֪ԷĲƲ»һҹҹױù֪֪Ҫֳʲôӣ
֣ԲҪƸҪ»ҹƸ񣿡
ɺ
Ͽܻ֪ڼǧĹңÿ»ҹ޶ǮǮжȹǮǶôֵ飡ȻԲҪˣ
ҲʱҲ̫ӷǮȻҹ
ϸ룬Ҳû˵»ҹǮʣȻôԺ»ҹƸɣôҶһƸĿġ
ɺһϣ;áҲֲûԲź
ϣ
ڵ̬
ҹ
õĸʡ
ɺѸ뿪ɺЩԥ軹ûأֻߵļ죬ɺ˵ĻᶼûС
ԱŲˮĹŮɵۡ
Űֲ֪ΪʲôȻһҲĸо
ƨⰡˮ
ϲ裬ϱļǣֱһյ˶ǡ
գǷûо裿ͻȻӦ
ʺл㱵뵽ûдĥɺ˺þãԼ˵ʲôɺηӦη뵽ˣȻû֮ء
ҹ
Ѿɺ˻ʹţߵļ죬ֻǸ˸̧ͷû˵Ӱ
ɵĿ˿·ûд̿ͣûޣΪҪô죿
˻ʹţɺͻȻԸ㣬ɺһȥ֣ǵӡ
ɺȴǻɣĴ棬ǵС˵棬Ѹʹ裬£ô赭дˣ
ǣˣ
ߣǲּܿ𡣡ͷĸϡ
ǲ趼ûءɺЩ顣
ʲþģǸʵĴ
֮ǰĸⶣҪСĻʺ˵ǸŮˣǱĥˣһҪǲ˱š
ǣһ仰ûкͻʺ˵ϡ
˵õĴĥأ
ԼĻ滺Ĳҩ׷ˣϧ
ͻȻһҪԼһ֣ɺ㿴ʽնǾ裬ԲҵĴǸӣǸʵĴ
ɺ鸴ӣ֪ô
Բ𣿡ɺְοûϵҲ⣬ûԲҲû£һϣҲܿİ𣿡
ɺ˵ţͻȻϤة
ة˹˹֣Ҵȥ
Ϊߵô죿ɺơ
ةһְأ̰ǳ£ڸڲܣةôϰô
岻˵ȻʲôСϢżȥµ˵
ɺŶһ֪ΪʲôܾЩ̤ʵ
ڻʹˣ˵ϴ֮ɺ룬ѵ̤ʵǾòԾ

ڴʱ򻹺ǵչſڵʱ򣬻ֻʣ˸ӡ
˼⣬ûԲԭС̰һ棬Ҫǲ
ةô죬ȻȥɢİˣУ
ȻýüĿӢǷǣУ
ҪУΪʲôᰲοΪʲô⣬ΪʲôͿˣ϶УҪ˹һϣ
ݸӵ˵ȥʾ·ĹŮûн̵Сߡ
Ƭ̣˻˭ûϣŮȫǲ˻һû
ϣ

ӣôֲУûʺĻŮ޸壬ȻڿҪسֵòɿˡ
Һãɺ˳ʱ˼ۣҲվסš
Ͽ̫࣬Сڣû𣿡
Ǵ£̫ΡΡĸϽ¹˵ػϣ˵ģ̥ȫԵϡ
˵Ĳ𣿡
̫һ㶣ģʲôڣȱ
ȱʲô϶Ҳӭػʼҡ
Ҹ˵ʲôֲϳͷ̾˿Ҳ֤ãҲ֤á
̫ࣺ
ǲ֪ǻô֪ģ
ԺӭӻعвУ̫Ϊˡ
̵̫ͷӦǣ̫鸴ӣҲǴײˣô׵ģ
ôֻ꣬һˣҲûᣬߣǻӶعô飿
ķţʺ͹ˡ
ûܴĥɺʺʼﲻ軹Ҫģزơ
ϰ֣顣
Сߵ͡
ʺ󣺡
Ϊʲô
ûʺ󿿽С˵С岻Уˣ֮½ҹСȫ֪
ʺһµĵͷɺͲĥˡ岻е˵ȥ
岻ôλ˵СҲûλӣܰҲ
ߵ鷿ʱȫʹ֪ˡ
壺
ܾôֵֹģԼĶͷ˱ʯ׼ǻȥ
ڲ֪ʲôӡ
ֱ֪ͨ뿪
˿̸оˡ
ӱ·϶塣
ԭ˵ûԲӾ͵ųЦ壬˭֪ߵ̫죬׷ȥʱ˶ˣҲҺĸţ򻹻Ϣ
Ŀ壬ߵܣ˵ûԲ
忴ӣͻȻܵסӵļ򣬡磬һ飬㵱ԲʱһҪ˼ˮ
黹ʾḻ˱ȽϺá

 47 

ǲˣһһΰ, ʲôӺɵĶ塣
ʧ, һΣ㲻а
ӣ
, Сô˼˵˲а
뻰һ϶ߴΣ߹صʱЩʿͼ켸ҹ
廹֪, һȺ˾һʱʾǴꡣ
, Ҿ͸ҴԼ, һ͸Ҵһ, Ǽ켸ҹôˡ
´ӣǵ岻, ⷽҲȲϱ߹صˣ
ӱ岻ƵĶʱջˡ
壬, 尵, , ôʵ£
СһҪˮأ
ʮΣ
ʧЦ, ڿȷˣСĲ, Ȼô˵֪Ļ֣Ҹ˵ܣĸߵС̫, һһٶء
˵꣬ͱߵڵˡ
Ȼְ˶ᡣ
˻ǰıֱС̫ҡ
鸴ӣ̫ûֵܰˣ
Ǵ˵屻ϺŻ˼ң˶鷿ſڹһ硣
Ѫôÿ嶼ûأ
ˡ̣һе˼ƽʲô
ȻֲֲӣǾԼ̳в˴ͳԺҪСԶһЩ

صҵʱ룬ҪˮʣȻһΰɣɺ岻ãܺһˮƽҪɺ
һȥɺӭȥܵıסĸ첲ϸ˵ʲôˣ
Ѿԭźϴһ̫ϰ߱ź򣬶ϰŮ˽ɺѾȥˡ
ѾҲ˿
ǹ˼ģɻ͹˼ϵɺ֮󣬹Ϸ˲ŰǸѵһ٣ǲҪɺ鷳ɺġ
үҲ
ܶүЦѾﶼɺƢúãүԲԸЦ
ɺҡҡͷʲôû˵һȥ
һԲ
˵۾ɺ춼ˣԲɡ
ûأɺ˿滹ŵɫԥ̫˰ɡ
᲻᲻ã
磬ᶨҡͷҿԵġ
ɺɫţҲԡ
ɺҪԼ
ҲšɺʾԼǸ
ɺҵ˵˴ϣƴŲ˿ԼСֿ
ͻȻЦһ¡
ɺӶסǲЦģ˿Цеÿ
ԣ
ɺҪܣӦܣܣͶ𣿡
ɺ
ʧˡ
һǵĽǹ⻷ŻģϾǸڻңǹ⻷ǰ޷֣֮
ɺļͷɺӴǳЦɺһ£ţô㣬ɵɵ
ɺԹ塣
徹Ȼ˵ɵƽʱֱֵ̫ˣŻẦ£˭֪Ʋסʲôӣ
壬˵һλۣһ㣬ۡɺЩҧŴĿ塣
ͷĵı֤Ҳ۵ġ
֪Ϊʲôô׵Ļɺ;ò
Ȼ󡭡Ȼ˵ʲô۶Ǽٵģ
۵ĶҪιȥˣ
ʳ֪ζҪɺӹ̫ҹ´
ɺڶʱ򣬻ƤЩأϱ۸޵ġ
ο˵ʱ黰Ǻܶ࣬Ͳ֪ڸģʲôһΡ
ɺһ̧ƤһۣͿǰһŷŴɺŵĺСѸٲҰס
ﰡԭп۾̴ˮɺִ˴塣
ôҡ
ϽɺᣬҾǿ㣬û뵽ˡ
ҹɺ۵ĲУһֱ壬御ﲻᣬҲֻܿסԼɺ˯
ɺۣ岻֮󣬰ͷ˯˹ȥ
ȴǻɺʱʱױ˷ܵ˶Ҫڿˡ
һû˯Ǿòˣ֮ǰһڴͷԵĿɺ
ɺԽԽÿ
룬ҹɺı飬͸ҡ
ɺŵ궼ҪˣĵǸɺͲɺִһ壬˶ڴͷű˵ģ
ٺʵǲ˼ɺɺĴͷ˺üˡ
ɺ뷭һӾͺۡ
ɺüͷʹ
ϽɺڻУḧ˸ɺüģôôۣ
ϻ쵰֪϶ã˭֪
Ҵˡ̵Ǹ
ľûйꡣ
ɺ͸֧̫࣬ˣ˵˻ˣſ廳˯˹ȥ
屧ɺ޵㡣
һĲ㡭ɺô˯ˣ
ɺһ඼ڴ϶ɹġ
ʹˣʹǱû
Ҳûʲôأ˼Ǳ˵Բ˷˵ɺһֱϢҲû˴ţԶȥɺϷȰס
Ů˵һδ඼ҪЩ࣬ɺʱ򣬻ɺ˯һЩ
Ȼ˼ҵ©˻һ˷ܵһɺת塣
峤ô󣬵һ鵽ζ޲ɺߡ
ϣɺֱ븹
ɺ
˵
ϵͳĬĬԼŵ㰡
ɺСֲһô
ΪСˣҪһ顣
ɺڶһ绹˯
ԶһˣŹ̫үӣŹ̫үȥɺ
̫үҲƣǻţôѵֳ£
ү˵ȥͳˣ
˵ţһڹ˼ҵ˾ͺӲžֱȥ
ɺǻˡ
Ҫ춼ܼ˼ҵˣȫǵأŮǶ󲻶Ӷû𴲵˼ǻػǲذ
Ϸ˵ɺû𴲣üͷʱ
ǧƣ岻ǲô
ǧֱǧһţҪˣĪҪ˵˱õĶ䡣
ȻɺĶѾˣͷɺ˵ɺ綼˵Ҳˣ϶ҹϣȥģ㺦ˡ
һ°ɣҪϴԼ
ɺ첲ûɺˣ޳ܡ
Ǳ̱ƭˣڲ֪޳ܡ
㣬úšɺϽԺȰ˵
ҽҵѰѶˡ
ҲⶾԼôҲͦõģһˣ˭֪ô
Ŷһ
ֹͲˡ
ɺȥšĶ䡣
ɺǰʱڳˣԶ඼˿ܲŸոմӴϲ
Ϸ˿ɺ֪Ǹ˸˷ʽΪҪһҹɺֳŮУĵķ飬Ųߡ
̫үһۣңɺ˳ȥ
Ȼ˿ɺӣĻ⣬ҪӭȢɺô죿
Ǹ֮ǰȢɺĲޣҲԼӣôŮ
˵ëһЩģǺܲġ
ɺҪϷ˺͹̫ү裬˸ϽϣӹɺĲ裬ɺϢˡ
嵹ǸҶ˲衣
˼ҵԭҲ˵ˣԼ֡
ĸл˼ҽõɺ͵
ҡ˼ôСۣҪǲѹȫˣⲻԺȥɺǰ˵ĲãСЬ
ܸ˼ᡣ
ԶѾȥɺߣԶ֪ʲôֻ֪ͻȻͱòˣվƺ֧š
ԶĿⲻƵĿ壬϶۸˽㡣
Զû£ɺԶͷԺ󲻿үˣǵˣҪͺģ֪𣿡
ƵĿԶ
ߣСɵӣӮ˰ɡ
Զί˽ɺĻ
üͷλã
ү㲻Ҫ۸Զô۸СأɺһһСӶԽԽɣ
ǿһۣô۸ˣ
Զ״
㣬Զ̧ͷ߬ɺӣЩľţŨŨ
ɺʱһԶһֱûзֿǷֿõʱˡ
ҵķԱ߸Զ׼һ䣬ԶĻסô
ͽһס
˼ҵпվԶԶȻ˵ĻҲȥһЩ֪Լˣܺͽһ˯Ȼ˻ڱ㡣
治ãڽĻŽ㽲ȤĹ˯ˣԼѧ˯
ԶɵĵͷסڽҲá
̷ԣ˵ܴԶױģ
˵õģ
ԶôǼױ̫үһԡ
֮ǰ͵ûû۸Ůһû۸ȻԶסڸڱȽϺãҪǲʣסô塣
˼ҵһ嵽ڵķʱЭᵽڡá
һүΪʲôᱻЩ·ϵ۸
ҲСϷ˿ڡ
ĿϷˣﻹһģ
Ϸ˵ŵǲǸˣ˳ԱһСӣ޺֮ǾͰȥá
žǹ˼ҵǸš
ã̫ү⣬
үԭȰأǳˣ⼸հЩӣ޺þͰɡ
壺
Ϸ˾ħ
˼Ǹ
ȳţ屻˼ҵ˲ȥôˡ
ɺҲ͹Ϸ˼һ˵Ϸùǧʺ͹ǧԶߡ
ɺΣ紫С
ɺϽҡͷأΪô˵
ҡͷ಻֪˵ǻ˵ġ
ɺ
Ϸ˽ɺڻʵ۲ۣϹҩ𣿡
ɺ̫ϰǰ˵⣬ĵͷϹˡ
Цˣɱ˵ôֱףɺ»飬ء
ɺүϰү𣿡
áڴϵʱ򣬸һ֮ͣ⣬ʱ򶼻ͦõġ
ǡһֱڴ϶ɹʵǷʤһשͣ
ЦЦ˵ɺүȻ䣬ƢҪʲôֱӸү˵űﻵԼЩֱ۵˻֪
ɺͷᣬֱͲ˵Ի·
ĸ˵еɺǵ÷̹ϣϷɺ˵˵ֵˣ˵Ҫ˵ȻܵԼ֪𣿡
ɺͷ˵˰ڴĵط嶼˴Ǳ˴һ
ɺүȱ𣿡Ϸ˹ġ
Ҳˣ༸ͣȫ˺ӣֻǣѰŮˣӶǾһ顣
οɺ飬̫үѯ̫ҽɺǷС
̫ҽֱԲܻУ˵ӣɺӶ
ˡɺͷ
Ҳ˵ˣ˵԰ҪС
ɺ֪ܺйأȻû޵ʱĸͺ˵üκȱ顣
Ϸ˷ģֻǣƬе㾾ġ
ɺһֱУ껪ˣүܶ
Ϸ˿СèһԼɺַģү۸ɺ˾ͷƴǰһ롣
ͷѾˣǰȨ˲١
ɺżĸĴȤ֪ԼĸѾźˡ
Ȼˬˬ͹˼дҲ֪ԼѾϷ˵ĺƻˡ
Ȼ󣬹˼Һ干ͬǵǡš
ڶգ̫үϳʱ򣬾Ϳة˷ܵС鲽ߵǰһϧ˵үûŰ
˭أ
˼һŶصҹʲôûɣ
̫үҲЩɻôûˣ
ֻǣ΢΢һ룬̫ү̷ӦգǴӲȥһ죬Ҷûš
˿ɲû
Ȼھϱռһʱ顣
̫үѸȷˣһʹүôôϳٲϳŮҲ˲ϳԲţɺôô
壺
ԲˣŲǶһ
ô̫үϷˣ첻ǻ˵ܲôͿˣ

 48 

Ѿϳʱ䣬һ˳ϡ
Ѿľ, Ϻ, Ժĺ˵ʲôϡ
ڡ
Աһ»ҹûԲϾȻŵľٶҲ
ֻҲ̫ˡ
ѹ, ߷
尴סԼ˵ĳ嶯ޱ, һ˵֪ء
ټ, Ȼû㣿ҿ˸ûˡ
, ȻҲǵã
̫үŻŭĻ, һ, ôˮɺϡ
̫үϽԲķûκβ˵˵, ֪, Ž˳ٻء
ջ洫Ĺ, 䶯
ֱӰҵļϡ
Ȼ»ΪʲôҶϢ죿
Ϊͷ¶
˾͸, ӽ쿪ʼδ춼סڹ˼ңҿ㻹ǲüǵס֮¡
̫ү
ûһôȰϡ
̫үϽ, ͷĵޱֿ
ίͰͣ»飬
ȻѾתһˣ˵
̫үʱ򣬾Ϳޱȷŭĵ
̫үķâ, ۹۱Ǳǹĵĵͷ
ãͲСƽˡ

յĳЩ
һЩӣ̫ܲƽ죬ܴ󺵣²꣬տգͽࡣ
ȵ۴ѩһʹ
ܴ󺵣Լң߹Ҳ̫ƽţҲԲݣʳȱν߹ǡ
վϣҾڱ˹һǣǰ߱ݲ㣬蹩Ҵ󽫱ն£ɳάȾġ
ԭüͷ
˼ҴүӺվϣԸǰߣΪҴЧ
̫үʹͷ˵
ɻˣ
˼ҶүүҲվ˳
ŵ佫½½Ҳվ
˼ұ㲻ȥˣ˵ڱ߹شãҲЪЪжᡣ
ү˳ǣֻԼĶС
佫ȥºվ˳ϣ̫֮λȱѾã²ƽӦ԰ġ
һƬͻȻã֪Ӧöù˵˵Сߵ顣

ȥ֮󣬾ʹͷɥĺ͹̫үһȥ˹˼ҡ
壬̫үЩĵģ̫үȻҲ֪ڹ˼һһЩȻ̫ү˵ˣվͺɺһȥסɣСı˷ˡ
ɫһЩ
Ϸ˰۹̫ү
ͷӾǿƢãŸ¡
ˡǹ˼ҹҲֱӴӲȥԷ
ɺڻڣϳ֮ɺԶһȥϹˣ»û
ɺҲʱ䣬оҪˣɺʹԶһؼҡ
ɺԭӼĲţԶͻȥϾֱӽ˼ңñ˿˲á
ܵġ
ֻǣŵſڣͱʷ֪ͨýˣȥ˼ҰɣΪǻţүȥ˼ס졣
ʷ˵ʱԼͷڻܻţǸл쿪ۡ
ɺе塣
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ʹԶǹ˼ҵѪֲҵģΪʲôҪס

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ң϶ˣΪӣ£ʵǴ󲻾̫үһ䣬ɺʵɺ˵أ
Ǿڼסɡɺûѡ񰡡
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ͣĿڲô͹̫үȡ
˵һ䣬̫үݵʮ䣬
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붯֣̤ܶΪ˼ѣ
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׾ͻһҹģɺ壬ôմªϰ
ҲõԼţȥ̵ǧֵܶ˺Զˡ
嵹ĥԶ
һԶɺǰĻȨˣԶļ򣬡Զ飬ԺƵ飬ҡ
ղ˺ܶ൶ǹҪϲ㡣
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Ϊʲôþ˾ȥ߹ذӾ˾Ǵ̲𣿡ɺ֡
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Ϸ˵۹̫ү⻰˵ɺ׺
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΢㶣˵Һɺڴϵʱ򣬻Զ𣿡
ɲɺΪȫϵͳۡ
˰ǰˣʲô壬ոС̫ҲģҸ˵㲻ҪôҸ㣬ȥҪģҩ֪֪㿴㣡
ϵͳ˵Ҳˡ
һõ廨ΪʲôͣŹ𣿡
忴˿õ廨Ȼһ磬ùõ廨ݸɺ˵㣬ҪˣҸ͵顣
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ɺĶɫһ˺ܾò͵
ɺͷ塣
ɺ𾪣ɺôܿ
ûܿϵͳСΣ֮ǰɺҲϵͳ
ͻȻɺǰʲô
壿δкǧʲôɺɻˡ

 49 

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ˢһ¹ر塣
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ɺһֱЩƣΪʲôеʱ, ͻȻó
Ҳûвصĵط
, ɺȴЩ, ѵϵͳпռԴţ
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ԭĽָϵͳ
ɺ̽Ŀ, ҿ壡
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»ҹʱ, ˵һһ, ˵ģûиκʾ, ʲô
Ȼϣɺȸ˵˵ݵ顣
ҲҪ壡
ǿͷĴ, ׻׻գΪʲôǵҪ壬ô
ҲҲɺŶҡͷͷͿͷ
壺
ոջµҪ
ġ
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ڲ˵Ժ󶼲˵ˡԼһ¡
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壺
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Ϊʲôҿ壬ǲ飬ʲô
ѵҪ󹬣Ů·λ
ҲǣôҲĺÿһЩȷпŮλʱ
룬ҲûȨƵŮ˰ɡ
̫ͻʺ󶼱İ
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𣿡ֻעһ㡣
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ΪҺעûľӺɺ
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˵һ飿Ķֱɺ
ҵ˼ǣһѵ飬ʱúûȥҲɺζ

 50 

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үտ簡ϽҪѡ㣬Ǹ࿴֪˶ڣɲٶˡ
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վԭأʷ⻰˵ĺܶԡ
ɺôÿȺ˿϶ɺܾãôȺΪ˵õɺĨԭ
Ҫǲ磬ô죿
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ɺѾϰµĶҡ˼Լѽ廳ﻹǿļͷʱ򣬾ٺһЦҪǱˡ
岻ԼɺҾסӰɣҲڣ϶Ầ£Ҳůͣһѹ˯þ
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ԶܶѣҵСڶոԶƨɺ档ɺһжɵοΪܺйأԶȥѧ֮ǰҶһ˯
Զˣʵȥѧã˼ҿʼ̫ңùǧʺ͹ǧȴԶȥӦһ¡
˭֪ԶһȥѧãջСܡ
СӵĻ˵Զ飬͸õǵͷ
СӲҪѧУԶСܣͼ˼ҸԶͯ෣ԼСӹȥùš
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ᣬ˵˵
ɺһĿʼۻ֣÷檣ӴԺʮġ
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岻ҶΣҪŲɺһֱԭء
쳤ӣϵݡ
ãɼããһϸŮٵôչˣȻһȤһŮˣҪ·
ίֺãֺããкܶĺá
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Сϱһ㿿Աߡ
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ɲɺЩ֮ˡ
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Һҵǧҹʵ¼
ǿܲίˡ
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ص𣿡ɺ̲סְѻӸ壬Ҫɺ֣ҡ
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ʵԶԺԱҲӣԶ벻ңΪԶãҡ
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ɺüһڵܣеĿҴ𣿡
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˵죬ұһȥϴ衭
ɺĻӵͷϡ
βɺ˵飬Ͻɺ
ԺһܣͻȻʵ
ãɺܾһı׼ҪңҴܵ
ǽҪ󣬰Ϳˡ˵
ȻǸҹҲû⡣忴ϱԼ̧ͦͷҫ
ɺޱļ顣
ܰɣҹҾݡ
ģ۾һ
ɺεķ飬Ĵ𣿡
ҹ廹
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忴׼ʱƵ𴦣ɺߣɺҽݰɣҲܲˣҴȥΣ
ɺĿ֣Ҳȥ
ͻȻһ¡
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ȻͱɺùԶˣҶҵͷ
ȥȥͿձ֡
ͷҵļ㶼ʶˣҿ϶⡣
ɺʹ
ˣҲȥˡ
żҶû֣ôͲȥˣ
֮ǰ˵˯鷿
죬ίһԣСĵĿɺ
ɺʱ򣬻ǿԱߡ
е嵱滹ǳְġ
屻ɺѹʲô˵ֻͷŻϵĻ֮ʣĳʹ˼δеĲɫ鼮
ʱΪ˹Ů׳ɳһүþˣ
ȻȻǣסɺ֡
ɺϰߣһԴǣǶҲУ˵Ƿ޸鲻ͣɺҪ֤ǿҺУ
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УԶһ㣬ñ˳ЦʱҲ
Ȼ࣬ǽΪټСҲڣûڵоС
ۺڸãӼſ
ɺӶ档
ȻŮӶ绪涷ޣÿĻɺĪ
һֱɺչ˵ĺܺãɺҲԲһЩԭݵĶȥҲ˵⣬ˮӸۣĨ˴֬ӣСڸһĨɫ޹ġ
Ӽ˿ˡ
Ƕӣкڲ֪͸Ȣɺģȶˣױֶ࣬˹飬λڳоء
ŭ
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Ӹһɽͼͼ㳤ףϺͼϼΪˣ
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Ҫ˵ɵĻͻȻһĲӾʹӵ˳ȥ
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ɽͼʱͲҪˡ
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ð˭ݺ㣿ŭ
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⻰˻У϶ȥ޻أԺɺٿ͵͵ȥĻɺκοɳ֮
ӱȥڻӳ
ɺйоأһƽ
Ͻӹôʱ򣬵˵ͷ
Сˡ
ɺҲˣⱾŸĺʱ˭֪ԼɷʱرɵӲԼǮӯ⣡
ҿԶĻʸʾͿˣ
ԶäɽҪ˼ÿһĽɺҰɽһ
ȻɺԶһЩĬĬ˰ԶĻ֮ɺѡȥϴϴ۾
ǸäΪ˿ֶܴʶԱ£ЩӦڵ游˵
̫үõԶĻʣҪһ¡
Ϊ״Ԫ̫үҲ൱̫үĻҲǧġ
̫үԼĻһʱѡȥϴϴ۾
ԶԺ˻ȸ游Ҫø˿ǲ䡣
̫ү˵̫үţԺ٣ɲȥˣȻԶôϱ
ɺʱֹԶĳ嶯ͳȥӴ˾ͿԹģ⽭ˡ
ͷҲֱ˸ľģ˲𣬶Դˣ廹Ϊϧۣɺͼýӵ뷨ðɣ岻Ӷ˾ͺá


 51 

ȵɺ֮, Ѿ˵дˡ
ֻǴеζ
ϾŴ, ûе绰ڹ, Ҳֻ˸ţԴȥ, ζ
ܿ죬μӹ˶֪ˡ뵱ף
, ߵĹԱĶһ, Ѳǿǵķˣ
˵ǵķȻ, ¾Ъڷ֮Ҳֻ죬Ϊľƻ, ǣϸ, ҲԼ
Ӷ뵱, ķҲ
ԱǷ׷, һҪһЩ, ϻȥúñ֣÷֪, ֻƤһЩ׿ɲƤÿͿԵģ
Ҫã
а
ͬ߻ǰЩӻҹȥ¹׺޽߻ӶչӣⶫҲѡҹǴةҹ˯ž, ڽлη֣ǾҪ߻ӵ١
ο߻ӾǲУҲûв׵Ļ뷨
߻ֻǸסԼòƶҲеүˡ
ɺ¹ֶ䶯˶¹͸ˣ
ͷС
ԴǣҪذֳ¹׺ܹģõĸңƫҪ
ϧ
岻еϢƺѾ˱߹أڱ߹ص¼ڳȥ˵̣͵˵ش¹׺޽Ǵҹ̵ĸ͹
ΪжҹϣȻɺҹ´ڱɺ֮֮򣬵ڶԹԵĸɺ¹ҹѾͳȥˡ
ɺû⣬˭֪ӱ
˿ӻ֪ǵϾҪˣϾҲе˶ȥˣǸУ뵱Ҳе˿ɲࡣ
Ӹ֪ף¿״ԪѸٽ׼дĻִӰԵʮ飬ΪԵ׵ʮ顣
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ȥȥҵ򱱺ŮΪǼң򱱺ŮȻҲƴıԼʾԼͣɽͼҷ˴󹤷ӱ߾һġ
յɺ˵Ǹɽͼҵġ
ľá
ɺͬĿӣǻԼǮڵĹ
ӳ˳󣬱ԼǷֱꡣ
ҲǼнģҲż޸ûãΪǼңҲĵ͵Сڼǧ裬ǻ籾ίˣ޽ȥŷôҡ
Ȱ󲻹ЩС檣ԺҪĸ£ºӰʲôҪ
סˣʱƼǶϲõУʱЦͬԼѾߴȤ߻ӴӣǵŪôӵƸ
˵ķҲ˸ߵȢá
һֱúó磬ϻһʽϣî˾ҪúñһΡ
˭֪òͱɺѹסˡ
ԼɵһŶɺͰˣӳʲôʲôףĸ飿
ӱԼһ˵Ķʱ
ٿɺЦӣĶʱˡ
һЩɺֵõ壬г飬ôֵõһССĽɽ
ȢΣ󣬾Ȼղ
ӷ꣬һĶɺ
ȴ֪ɺһѾĺ޲ὣȥӵ塣
ҶҼܡ
ɺڷϵͳ̳ǣӵĿ̫ģɺҺõļܣٿһѡ
δҪͷԵģһһ졣
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ϵͳΣ
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ӴΣ
ɺһθϽֹװƣװžҪ屼̫ҽԺˣɿ塣
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ˣԻ⻷
ɺһԻ⻷ЧӼϣһɺ֣ҪǰӵʱͻȻվܲˣҪŪ
ʲôðɡ
Ͳɺͷ¶棬ʷ˵ĻǴˣǻӣڳĶɺ
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ϵͳ
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ʮڣǿƿʼŰӽǣָ塣
ͷȥԼ
ʲôͻȻЩ
ұҪøӣңҿȱȫĹ⻷ܣֻöԷʩҾһҲڿҵĴӣû뵽ͻȻ
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Сʮ屧ԼϵʯãĿԼľ˾ˣҵҪҪǰ
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ĽողƽϢһЩŭٴαԼܶ
ڸʲô
Ͽ˿Լǰ־ͽոȥľӡ
尵пϧ֪ӵģ͸øʯ
ߵܣĽѾá
˻Ȼ
ɺĿűĵһɫ塣
ˡ
治ǹġҲû뵽⻷Чˡ
ɺŬֲԼͼӵԼķ
ҹ㣬ͺߵ޳ˣ
ʺл㱡
Ϸ̫飬߻侮ʯˣ˿̳ŴͣѾ֪α顣
Ҳסˡ
㳤ĳªΣֲԼûͷαذռߵܣߵܸҶõѡ񡣡
תһѳǰĵҪӵ֡
ӻͼӴףߵܣɱӴûǣ
ԺҪʲôܸ˵ҪλãھǸȤĸˣ
ԱҪȰ˵ԼҷʱȫѪҺȤˣ
ǼкӰһϣһ껪Ĺ޸Ȥӻأ
ӵ߰˸Ͻסĸ첲ȻˣҲѪ
ǻҪɨģ
Ѫɨ
棡ʹˡ
ΪӻʣΪǣ˭֪ӾȻַʽע
棡С߷ſǱ𣿾ƺȶ˷Ʒ裿Ժ󶼸ҿӣٺȾƣ
Ǹ̨¡
ְ˽ŵӽ岻ŵ֣ӻͼ˵ϣס
ǶÿӺ۾޷ߵܻؼңҪȫú
޵֪˭޵úžһϡ
ʹϽ˻ǰϢŭƽҲǹնȻǷ˾Ʒ裬
ʹƴڸӿѣӻûкȾƣţҰĽߵܣȢ
ɺ飬ץĸ첲
ߵҲҵģ
ߵǰЩӻҹң氮ЩһǼñҸҺߵܣ
һļһȥ㻹ϣôչԼģŭ޹ҲǨŭ
ݺݵĶ˶ţˡ
岻ϽҲˡ
ʹڵϣ԰ףʹֻεתһǸСۼǳô죿
ιȥˣ
ȥһû
ʺŴ͡
ϿۻʺĵǸ
ٿͣͼµɺ˳˳㻹иҪϢ˵ˡ
ɺ鰡ȥͼС
СߣҹԵȥ磿
ɺ
ص
ɺٿΧ˺ԵĿ⣬ƴةǼҪȼ̹⣬Ҫꡣ
Ѿҿ˶̹⣬ϻҪԹǼ˼
廹ûӸոѣʻβ˵˵ӲУ԰ҹЩҩ
״Ԫһ
µˡ
̫ô죿
ƶܵܵĸ֡
쵽дһԥʵǿƲס˼¿״Ԫ޲ھʿʼд
ӻڸոյ𺳵УߵܶҲ˼
˼˰壡󱬷ո˺С塣
ûо뿳ˣ֪ô졣
ڣӦûѡȹ񫡣
ҲɱʥôùƦд塣
ԭæ忪һ仰ʱͳĬˡ
óЦصլ͹ס
üһޱ죡
ϿһȦץɽͼ塣
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̫࿴ͣϽվ˳ϣȻʮӼūʮӶȲˡ
ʮСһףûУǣ
Բãǰȥʲô
ʣµֱ衣϶ѾʧȥȤ
һʧǵĶӡ
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ͼ䵽Ķϣ屦ӣǲ׷ˡ
ˣ͵һ㲹С߽Ҳܵ˲پš
⵽ǻʼҵ飬˾پȣҲûȥ˵
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ҲвɺﰵԶ󣬵ôûйȢɺ
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ľӵʱҪ㿪ġ
ǮһڷϵŮˣ仹мңɺܼ˺İܵõһǮĺôû̯ͷϡ
ǲ֪ɺ˿̾ҪϢֱ޳ģʽ
ɺͼȥ֡
ܿ
үҪɺ
彩Ӳ˵
Ҵˣ´Ҳüˡɺװ
޶ԡ
ɺ֡
㲻Ҫңʹ಻ˡ
ɺֲ̿ʺЦɺֻǿס毺õݶ̵Σ쳣ʹ࣬Ҳˮ
һԵɺģͻȻһѾģȻӺ˽飬Ҳˡ
߻ǸСɵϣķȢΪǮ屳ﻹӽһ
߻ڹҪһĻԼ̫ɵˣ룬ǳϲԣ뱧ɺοһ
ѾȫǣһʼӲͣɺʱĵķŭˡ
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ʹˣɺôѹˣҪԼ߻ǿջЦ޲ھ͸ɺЩ˲ֵã
ɺ岻ע⣬ǣס֣ҵϢָɾˡ
ǣˡüͷš

 52 

ɺһ£ʲô
ܻܴ̼̫ˡ
ȥϴ֡
ɺ˳˼ͷ
һĹӿڻ˹, 鸡Ĳ, Ӳק֮˹
̴ȥˣͻ˵, ɺҪ뿪
Ҳ飬ȥһ
߳ȥһ, ɺļҲ˳ȥ
ҲŲأ˵ǿôܣҪ, ΪȫҿˣС˹⻷ӳ, ԶΪ, ʱʮӣΧСΧ, С˼ܣԶϵͳܡ
ɺסĺһ˳ȥ
Ҫʲô߳, ɺ̲סʵ
ϴ֡ɷн, Ƕˡ
ɺߵ˻ʹڵĺ, ɺĿ, Ҫʲôò˳ϴɣҸ, Ҳɣ
ź
ջԼĿ⣬ɺҪЩͺˡ
ٺҶɣɺԴȴ
ɺЩ£ôһι屻ס
ǲǲϲˣ
ӣ˵ľͱġ
ֻ, Ͽҵ˵ʹϴͷ̫㣬ֲϺһӣȲҪҡ
˵ţһľͰһϴˡ
ɺ˿ҲλβˣûԶ
ľͰϴù֮ʵүҪЩȥ
ĩŵļСװΣӣʵĿȫƮɺ
Ҷʹġ
߻ӱΪĸֱɣִС䣬ܻϳ谮
߻Ҳˣǻֱӹܵģ˵ɽΪǰЩӾ˻ϣΪʵǿܻϲټϻฮôһǿıǨǳ¡
߻ӰѷһͨͨС̫ãⷽܲǺΧ߶൱ƣ߻Ժˡ
嵭ָָǰĿյء
˿ĹԱүһĲף̲סԽʵүҪ£
žǡԱ˵ʱһơ

ɺ壬ôʣΪˣͲܶԼıܺһЩ
ָָͰ˵үһͰˮһͰˮ
ˮһ£ҺҪϴ֡
ЩԼ
ΧĹԱҲܻɡ
ĩˣϴ
ɺĳףΪϴֶյĴܰԵCλ
ȥҲϴ֡ɺߴ塣
Уҡͷܾ
˵ţͿ˿Ľ
⼸ˣ
ǣүʲôʱôͨˣ
ߣүҲҷ
ңүһ˵ͷʱ򣬻Ǻ
ɽΪʵͽ˱񣬸ɺˮ
ϴһ֮ٽˮС
⣬㿴λöãˮҲ㡣
ɺС˵ҪұܣҲôչ
ɺ˸ۣھ뻻Ѫ
ҲǷƢãûаε
ϴ֣ɺһӵӶûˣҡ
ԼϴԼľͺˣΪʲôǵϴ֣ɺ⣬ûƼٹٶ
ŵĹԱˣȫϴ֡
ɺԼ˶žϰˣѡϰ߻ô죬Ͼˡ
ĿɺΪֺҵడҪԼϴһֻҲˣô򵥵ĵô벻ͨ
.ʵͽ.̲ס̧ͷ壬үô޳ܡ
廹ڴߴɺϴϴˮеˣ÷ٻһ衣
ɺˮõϣֵ嵱ϴϴͷӦøɵó飬ɺԼ͡
ǰͻȻ
ɺոû߶ҲûʲôԿϾóȥˣǺܺЧ
ɺֻгӵıɺƣҲǣǰ涼кüˣǿտ棬ʲô
ͻȻͷɺ˵ǰΪ鳳ˡ
ɺȵĿ壬Ȼô
ҲֻɺǿһЩŶѡ
̧ͷ˿𾪵ķ˵߹ʱ򣬳ڷɳб˷ˣĺЩ
Щˡ
ţ͵ˮˣ㶼ã
廹ױһĶɺʾҾͲˮôһԱȣңĳôҲǻá
һ£סˡ
ɺһţˣɧҪôࡣ
ʵʼʵʵֱǰ漤ҵĿˮ̣֪ȺҲٹעϴӣ쳤˲ǰ̽
磬òϢһ£ϸͲ봦¡
οĵ飬Ͼ͸鶼ûˣɺϯҲǿţԼ֮뿪
˭֪֮˶ս£󳼴ţҾͿʼѯȥǱߵĴ󽫾ûУ佫ں棬ûͿʼ˴ѯǷ
ôһȥţͱҪֶ¡
ϴ˿ֻڣû뿪
һ˵Ҫ˼ҵȥ̫үȵģһͽȥ˼ûС
̫үԭҲ̫佫飬ǸĹ١
ү˵ëԼϴλѾϲҲǿ԰תʵֶ׼ɺ
ǡСɵʲộɺķӡ
Ǳʲôأ
ɺʵƢ̫ˣô˳壬Ͳýɺ޸塣
ʣµ佫׶˭ةǻûпڣ˭֪Ӿͳһ
һҪӵʱ˳ʣУȥϲ֮ʱսһ̡
˵ţƵĿӡ
ãС
Ӹոںѹ֮󣬻亹ȥ
һȺַȰӣŶλΪ˴ԭ˵
ֻǣҲڲ²鵽˭Ψһ뵽˾Ǵӣ֮ǰҲֻдӲźӴֻдܰ䡣
˵ǻʱӳһŭ
ΪҲ֪Ǹȥ̰˶Ͼ飬Ϊû֪𣿡
ʣѡãΪ˼С˻Ӽս֡
˸ǺЦ˼ˣ˼ʶü֣ûǡŻҲǿƲ˵С
λмӿֵĴ磬ٿ׵İ˸;Ÿ磬ţУҲø¡
Ǽ佫ʣ˭ţ
ֻǣƴ룬ۿżԽԽףȴ˭벻
ֵ徲
ɵӣŻλ˵ʲôȵϻλס乬Χĸʡµģ
ССŽЩ궼ڴ䣬Ӿǽˡ

ʵʱֱɺ÷ʳ̼
Ǻá
ǰʵЩԶӣҲֻżܺ˵ϻû
ֻǣ֮˵ֱ
ɺЩɵ۵ķ룬ǲ֪ܵ
ԭҿ϶Ǻԣڣ˭䰡УƾʲôѡҵģһҪһû˶ûϵ
ɺţ˵Ӳаһ仰ûϡ
û£ϷݡһҪԺٿ㣬ҳЩ˵۾ȫ
˵ţͿ۷Ͻͷȥˮ
ӵ۾嶼Ҫۣ۾϶ɵˡ
ӵҲ׵ĳдȫĿɿڴⳡϡ˼ҶǻϵĶӣҲ졣
ֻǣϸڱѡ佫ûɾġ
ұ죡ɨЩǽľȫȶ
£˲ٻӡ
ܵʱҲȥˡ
紵ƬҶӣü쬵ġ
ֻɵ˵õĴҶҪӣôֺͻʵǵĶ˿أ
ù˼ȥ˵ꡣ
̫үϽվ
ǧȻؼãȥ
ǧûϣ̫үϽ
漴˵Ѿʮ
̫үһ㷲ĻشϣǻδʮŹʮһûжá
ҲȥˣϿ˿˵ս£ȥ
̫үٴι
ɺתüͷ𣬡ǧʺǧôССӶû뿪ңôܶȥûиշ
˾ʱ䲻ֻ࣬үʱ΢һЩɺֻ֪ûдս¶ѣСĦһֱϡ
һ˿ǡ
ڶû飬÷ˮӦһųˡ
ҡͷɵˮҲֱӵɣҪƵȥ
ɺ壬ﶯɵɣԺ뷽Զ㣬Ҳˣ½ˡ
ίôˣҸǼ𣿡
ɺ
ҪǵôȣǿǱȲ
ɺȥʱ򣬻Ѿˡ
ӵĳܽճԵĿ㡣
ʲô˼ֲɵǲڳң

ôɵ
ʲô˼ˮûˣһٳһ㣬ûʳ䵭˵
˻Ҳ˵ԵĻˮҲûԣȻ㣿
Ӹոڼ˵ʱ򣬾Ͳ岻ȥڻȺ֮˿˶κġ
һ㣬ոǶ˳󣬾СɽһզզСʱһ仰˵ΪʲôͻȻ߹صս£
ָСߥ޵ģôھʱ
һֱɫƵĿŶӣɺ֪һѽһֱĬĬĲŽĮֱǸĲӺߵ۶ӣû˸ˮ
ɺͻȻ뵽Ļʵ㲻˵ѻҪ𣿡
ˡ
ɺ˼
ӺӶˣϱϾôʣҲֲλϣʱʱ̧۾ܿӣɺ˵ȿӻȿӣ
ӱ벻ͨԼǻΪʲôǱһħĶߵܱס
һԭӵƵƵɺϣŽɵɺû飬Ҳ뿪ˡ
عİӶߵС˵԰ǲкЩСģ
£еġ
ҴɾĻӲз磬ЩٹŮͨԣҶ֪
ֻԼôߵ뷨뵽Ǳӣֻܡ
ӻԼǲ̫ûˣǰʧǡ
ˣȲ԰ģ˵л˵ҼǵҺԺСģǹҡ
ȵӸӾֱͽݣСѾڵˡ
Լֱҧ׼һʲôˣ˻ӣ
Ҳ߻ӣ߻뻹ܿ
߻ӻԼͼʲô
뿪֮༸Ҳ½뿪
ҲϢ̫ͨô⾡ˡ
߰˰˶ˣǵûߵģߣһߣ÷ǽԡ
ɺԹ̫үʾһҲȥˡ
ԭȵȵȹ̫үģ̫үȴ纮¶أɺţɺȻȥҲȸ˵˵顣
Ǽӽ̫񣬽⣬ǹ˼ҡ
˵ѵ׼һûɣɺǺơ
ΪʲôҪǧʺǧҲȥսôС鶼û꼸ȥ˰ﲻʲôæİĵطɺѹ
ѹһҵ˺úչǣ֤İװֵġ
ɺѹһװ֣ʱѹȥ֣ҲôŰɡ
¿𣿡ɺЩɣô˾¡
װ˭ں͵¹׵ġӣ뿳ˣڱ߹صʱܹί
ɺ
ΪôľٶŻˮƽ
ԺĹǧʺ͹ǧһˮƽߡ
ǣͷ׼޸Ӳˣܵ˾Ȣϱ

 53 

ǰѾ˸˼ͨˣ˼ҶԴ˵ûʲô̫ѹı, ƺƽ, ˼ҵ˻ȰɺҪѹ
屻˼ҵȥǧʺ͹ǧװһֱ, ǱҪʲô
岻⣬ǧʺ͹ǧҪӦҲʮ, ΪھҪװ, ǿ, ʲôҲûϵ, ߹ضֵܣˡ
ǡ廹Ǳ¶Ĺǧʺ͹ǧˡ
˼˵, үرʲôʺá
СһγԶ, ͬʱһηԼѾΪһԱ˵Ĺǧʺ͹ǧһӵ⡣
壺
ܻ, ˼ҾǴ޵ġ
й˼ҵ˶ΧɺɺϴԱ߹жôֲ, ɺԺһЩѡ
ɺ±, ѡʲô
˼˹һͨ߹شݲÿȺǺ͹»û, вͻɳ˵仰ܶеӴ촽֮ɺһӵ±ƣԡҪѡʲô
ɺͬήҵ֮, ɺͻȻ֪˼ҵʲôˡ
˼ҵжҪսġ
ǧʺ͹ǧȥҲãչˣǹ˼ԼҲֻҪǧʺ͹ǧûеùžˣӦû⡣
ǧʺ͹ǧûйǧΣգǧȥġ
ǣĵǣպȥɺô죬˶ǲںӣﶼܻɺʪůľǳ󣬵˸ﺮı߹أɺô
ɺ̽ʵүǲҪȥˣҿ㣬սҲԽ𣿡
ٽԼǧʺ͹ǧֵľԼϱϲȥԶͻȻɺһʣ嶼̫Ҳˡ
ϱĿģ⻻⡣
屧ɺڴأͷɺЬӣʵҲ֪ܻȥɡ
˵꣬µֵϱˣ̧ͷ֤ȥˣҲᾭġ
ңһ㲼ҵҲڵʱÿдһǧֵ飬ÿջһҵĻҪҼҵҾ͡
廰û˵꣬ͱɺӡ
űдࡣ
ֵߵߵģðǻд
ɺ
˭ôҪдˣֲ
߾ǹһ֣붪أңʻУҪĻܱԶħ
ˣΪ˲дȥʱҰɡ
Ȼ᲻üˣǣɺҲ֪ȥ϶һ¾ܻġ
Լ壬ǵ壬ڱ߹ؾɻ£ͷӹ޵ԼҲøʷϱָָ㡣
廳Լˡ
ɺ߹غܿ࣬ܲˣҾͺãҵддͺˣ̾˿ôôɵôƭ˵дд
ôɺôۡ
ҡɺ̫ˣ뿴
˭ɵѹƵϲ˵Լûɵܾñɵ
ɺĹģһ£ɺͷͷǣȥĵطҪǲϰҾˣҪɵúúŬ
϶ϰߣô岻Ŭ
ңɺšü
ĺܿ࣬ɺȥˣ᲻ȥǱߡ廵ЦĽɺѹԼ£ԣȥ֮ǰɺҪúüסҡ
ɺšһ壬ҪǲңҾԼһȥʱ·ϳʲô£͵ԺһӶ˯Űɡ
ɺҲ֪ëˣ˯žϵͳĵ˯š
һҪȥ
ɺͷ
ǹ˼Ҹˡ
ɺЦһ𣿡
Ҹã˼Ҵ򲻹ңɺá屧ɺһΪס
岻˴ˣԴ˶ҹϴϵʱһ̶ܵɺӽ쿪ʼǾҪŬˡ
ɺЩ£һʱ䲻֪ԼҪŬʲô
ŬɵӺӻǻϣ
áһŬͺˣֻÿźϵͳһԼ
Ҫഴȥ;УͿԶһС⣬ϲĺڲһ˵Ĥ
ҿǽÿҪٴΡ˵װģĴϵͳ̳ǡ
ɺ
ͻȻͲȥˡ
ɺ˴֮⣬ģոյôá
ɺգգ۾ү룬ô࣬ҵôСڿʼӣðϳŲסڿʼǷַ˯
ȸϴ裿˯ǰҪϴ裬ɺҪɾ
ûϵһˮºϼɺ˵ţţѾ߽˽ȥ
˪ĵСѾߡ
СѾϹŸʽЦݣһûҵĽӡ
û취ÿ챻ٵɼٻأ˭ǰοŵ亹ֱһɻȥĳ嶯۾Ҳܴģ۰׻࣡үƣ
ԭүΪҪھҪҪүķţᵹǵţȿԼүϳ֮󣬻̾˿
֪
ĺͻһȥ鷿·ϣ屧Թһ·ɺѾߡ
ṧţĸ̣˭źԼûҵĺרҵôȣ
ǱȷЩԽ֪˭˵˴ܻʵۿҪھǣȥǱߵ嶼Щ
үûȥţڣһʧأǴһ·ֱǣܾˡ
֪ˡͷ˼
̲סʵүǵ֮İΣ𣿡
ɺ㽿ӦҲԸȥֵǶչͺãһᱣ
Ȼսʵźˣүһ԰
ǣɺ˵Ҫͬȥ
һϲ
ɺԸȥãɺΪĶȥɺв塣
Ǹˣɺ˲ڻĵλ͸߹塣
ڷˣܾɺ϶ԶҸôԶھǣ
᣺
ЦүУ
ôԸһȥˣүľȻοӺĵܵܣֵ
ȰҪȥˡ
廹û£׼ãɺҪȥ϶Ӧһжߵ׼
ͷҪž˵ԶͰ׼ԶȥĵһͿҪؾǡ
ˤżϡ
ǿŻǣţĵܵܶҪߵı׼
ͻȻס˻ᣬô˵һԱ󽱣ôżȥˣ
ǲ岻ãϴ¹⻹һЩҸ㡣
ʹԭϺɺսٻغϣǸĺү͸ɡ
лү²Ҫ
᲻ٺ˵첽뿪
̾˿ʲôãҪӣоͲУҲᳰЦᣬϾκ˶С

һֱƽ֮ŰǴ۵ĶѪȷ粻֪졣
Ӹֳ顣
ӴͷҪӵļҡ
ֵةܾԼֶܱˡ
ȷջ𣿡ةô붼òԾǻʼҵ˰Ӳܷʲôù˸ܡ
һةʲô
ǣֶ˵оİԡ
档
ӵͷҸոշ˹ȥüӣ㿴ҴĽ鱦϶װǮ̰˾˵ĸ𣿶Ȼ
ֹʲô£ةԸ𲻹ġ
翴
׸ϵĻ˺þãһؤҵˡ
ة¶һҪͻʼҵ˱ͬһ˼߶ȣŴ򿪣ͱֶ
Ӽ˵һ滹װˡ
װ˭ةѯʡ
ӱ˵߻ӣֻŤͷС˵ֵܵУãӺһСˡ
ةһϽԸԼ£ȥѣ
ΰ˻в֮£Ϊ˰˻ӵףӵļұѣ
˵˻Ӱװ֣һ·µⶼ·ڶӻǲˣӿ˵۹⵽ôģ
ӱѲѣӽֹ˭֪ǱߵҪѳ˻ӡ
ʲô˻ӣôˣСʲô
Ȼ֪ѣҲŵ˭֪һȻԼķɫͷ˰˻ӡ
ίڱЩӣС˻һ𣬻԰ǿн˼ͷȫʵ㻹Ҫ߻Ӱɣֻ߻ӹǿ
³㱻߻ýвһվͰ˰˻ӣôֵ֣۹ҲԽԽˣԽԽŭ
߻ӺôȫӢӣ˻أ
ô죬ˣҪң
ҵӸˡ
ةԹϳԵرģµةߺ¸ɻɵĸˡ
ҹΧ۵ɺʾرġ
ԱĿɿڴֱ֮ʡ
ԭ򱱺ӸǵˣѲ飬ǵҲûȥҪߣ򱱺Ҳ֪Լ˿̾ǸѲ˻Ǹøʰװ
Ťͷ˿üͷԼү
ͻȻҪԼүɵ˴һԿˡ
Լ㡣
á
ɺ˫֣ɺԼĻҪ𣿡
ɺͷϷǻû
ʵ벻ͨѼʲôÿģԼ
ѵϲе𣿡ɺԹϳԵԼҷͷϲԽ
ɺ͸оΣս٣һѱɺ˼ңɺ涳ЩˣȥҺúøůů
ɺ
СִԼҷġ
˵ӿ˷֤ϲģһ㣡
ɺڶ˶ͷתȫˣһֱŬ֤Լ
ɺҹ顣
˵ʵѹ֪ʲôֻ֪ةҪѲӸȥ˲֣Ϳ˸м䣬ǰȫȻ֪
ɺȸһǡ
ո𴲾ͱۺݰΧ˿̾úҸ
ΧôãԳȻϸ٣˵ˣ
үôˣɺ˵ţɫ˳ָ˸ǣȺɻ
ڷۺУȵȣȥʡ
ɺɵͷһЦүŶ
ʱ;ȶˣһϻġ
ҹةȻûѵ˻ӣѵĸ²СģһЩ֤Щ֤ݱʵ˻ǰ
֤ݣȻŽȥģͨе֤ݡ
ĸףҪû
ĸȫնף˻ĸһͨѹնҲ̫ᣬӦʬǡ
ƾʲôԩҪ˴ǡ
ɺʵⰸӸ˭󰡣
˸
ǲǱ˾Ͳȥˣɺź
Ȼ˸ǻܡ
ɺİֿʼˡ
ǣҾҪӣ϶Ǹһ䲻⣬ӦңԽ࣬Խ㣬ӾͻԽš
ʲôɺƺĿġ
ǿȥ𣿡ɺûӣܾôһΣԺҲ
ҡͷܵġ
ǲϵͳΪʲôϵͳ
ɺʾϵͳɳ
ôֵĽָôܲúã
ɺѸϵͳ̳濪ʼɺһܡ
չȥ˿̫ˣ𡣡
巢Լ˵Ķ֮ѾƽĽԼǸ˵ʵ
˿˼ǣϻԼСһΪʲôɺЦЦ֮ͿʼǰǰЩĵİأ
мˡ
ɺǱѾʼָͷˡ
׸βܹܣ
ɺʲôʶԼɺˣ֮󣬾Ϳʼڳ˺þ÷ɺͷûָ̧ͷԼ죬˹ȥ
ٰɡ
ɺ˵ڴϣ۾ģǼòã
Ȼɺı
ǡ
ıġ
ðȥˡ
º忴۵̱ɺιȥ֮ǰǿĹϵͳļܣ˼ǲǵɺ˵Ĺˡ
ҲǹõǸ

 54 

˿ûʶԼˡ
ǹʶˡ
ڹУúԼة, , Сة춼
ʼûͨΪʲô˶Լة, ڴͷأ
Ҳƣ޳ļһﵽôةģ
ةۼ, û¾ڻ϶ߴԼұĻͷ, Ͼܹݡ
뵽, λЩʢ
, н˹С
ܾ
ԼҷڸеʱҪµĸо, Ȼ类ˡ
ԼŵĹϵ, ÿδٶҪѵ
ܾ, Լӷ, Ϊʲôѵ, ÿζѵ
һαŵӣТѯԼ, ԭǶ̫ɵԼСʲôԻöĶϱþ

ڴѾһ
ֻǣ֪Լ๫쵽ȥʲôˣ๫һҹδ, Ҳûܼ๫
˼һȥҶӣԴФλ飬ĻЬ䣬ĸҲû̫ı
ĸڹоҵҵڿҿô꣬δܻ̫ҪԼĸ׵룬Ψʡ

һѪҪ³
Ȱʵʵı£Ǽܲסװô죿
һ⣬˵㿴СôɵҶС棬մɵҸ¡
¶ϣͱȲ߻߻Ϊʲô£Ϊ˳ǣĹҶԼĻؼҴţܸʲô£С޹񣬻ĲŬ
ˣ߻ӻ˵
һҭˣҲҶӽСߣúõûѧѧЩֵֹģ֮㲻С
ʼδһССĲɨڶˣ˹λá
ԼŰְͷˡ
λŵˣ˭йʹ󰡣
ôҲǴӻʱͰŻϵˣһλã
ԼžҲԼʲôҪģһ桪һԼġ
Ҷҹʲô˻ϣҶұ˵ı£Ҳ㲻ʲôİɣѲ͵ļլȥˣ
ϸСͶܸȤȤϲ˵Ϊϲãǳ˼֮ɾļ塣
˼˼ҳ͹Ͻ
ңȫǱģҹ檣մСﶼ檵ʫʣ檵ĳϵ׶ڳȫǵ˶֪ͷ̵
ͷֱԼ׵ײˡ
µĵǰ˾ŲʮֻǣһӺʹةڳĿɲֹӻҵլ

ӴӵĸҵӺ˹֤ݣǹ֮¡
˸˲֪ΪʲôҪôӣ߻ӣ˻Ӻ;ŻԼǵĻȫ
ʲôĻʼһ
ʵ˵ԼҲ֪ô嶯ˣڣѾǰ˸Ȳ裬ܸܲЩӰɡ
ʥּҲױϵ
忴˿ϵͳĵΪԷһʵһЩԹһܵĵ
ɺ֣ʱʱȥĴһڡ
ĶϵͳļУϵͳɺĲʺƨϵͳЦ˺ӵС
ûиĹˡеᡣ
Ҫʱ鷿ĹޣҪʱϱǣ֣ļͷһЦһ
ΪһûϵĹˣ׾װɣǲܹӲţɺ֮Ҳȥ鷿ˡ
ôаɺЦеĿϵͳһߴ壬һҪء
飬ָɺŮΪңҡ
ɺҡͷҲԶġ
ĤҪˣ˪ҲˣŮ˻һѶҪ򣬺ܿͻõˡ
Щġ
ת˲;òԾɺת뿪
ҵϵͳ
ҲģҵĶС㣡
죡
ɺ޹㿴ϵͳôˣҲûϵͳ
ɺߡ
ϵͳû䵽ɺϣȻһΪ£ֱֻ˲ϵͳ۷塣

˸ǰͣ
ɺ嶼ȥıȽϳ٣ۣȻҶ̫ϰߣ˸ǻǶȥĵط
ӱԸ壬£ܺܶڣֻ
ߵ֪ʲô𣿡
֪ʲôˣҪǾɺ˸ӣԺ³ҪһΣظţһǿҸʡ˶£
˵⻰ʱ򣬱ȻһλߵϢǰѵƿԡ
󣬴ҾͷӦ
ʲô岻Ҳѻ˸Ǻ
Դ˾ǣϻʯƵʶ˺üô˼ôֵķˣңΪʲôǵһȻ
Ϊɺ
ⶼǼ󰡣
廹ܲ岻ãȫΪɱαˡ
ǲҪȥϾˡ
ԭ˸ûʼϲ룬һ˶Ӷ˼֮󣬻ϻˡ
ѶӸ˸Ʋסơ
֮˸ͽӺӻة
ةһ͹ģҹ԰˻в֮£ѲȻûҵ˻ӣҷĸСģЩСĺͰ˻֮ãӶȻ԰˻зǷ֮롣
ཱུİ˻ӸϽ˽ԼſŲŲ
ѹ֣ҵôȣ㾹Ȼ˼ǡ˻߷ߡ
ˣʲôʲôҿͿһͷʲô𣿡
С˲ĹͣҪɱ˵ʲôʱˣ
ĸСĵͰ˻Ҳһ߳ŭˡة죬ҹڼ˼һҹѾĸСкͰ˻ȫ˳
۾һӣһЩرĵط֮⣬ˡ
ңҲ׿֤ʵϲ˻ӣ˵ǲǣة
ججĵ˵ͷ
δԼȻгһջ򱱺ʱҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬û뵽Ȼڼбϥһҹ
ⶼǰͣ޺۾ΪʲôҪз簡
㶼ѾĸСˣΪʲôҪԼֵܣ
⵽˼ֵܵһӵİãʵôҿֻš
߼Ӷ²⣬֮ԽȫΪӵģˣ˵Ļء
ôϣ֮ǺͼС˻죬һǵȷþûСģһʱʣһҲԣԼôͻȻߵ飬Ѳϲߵܣ
ԽԽԼŻǺС棬ҲҪСģߵߴˡ
Աɺ
ʱѾĸСġ
ӻǸŮˣСֻ̰ͼһʱʶѡ
˭֪ܾȻ˵԰˵˼۾Ϲ
˵ܳƽʱ˿أ棬ߵܡ
˵ʶ壬˹ȥ
ӲֱӣϽܿâ
Ӻ͸սȺ塣
ͷۣ죡
ҲΪ¶ҹȫȻᣬС˵ˣˣ棬㣬ҹΪͻȻжǮ鱦ͽס
֪Ǳԩģ˵ţͿӡ
ҹѸʱӾ֪϶ݺߣûдĽĻô鱦
ӹŲӣ˳Լ񣿡
ǮǱԩϵ֤ʵЩͨô£
⻹˵𣿡𣬡϶繴壬ЩǮҲ͸ġ
ӿӣһҲһӵĿ⣬ﲻɶ룬Ѳɽľ֣
棬Ҹһ͵ĻᡣĿӡ
Ӵԩй᲻٣йᣬߣôɵ֤ݻ϶ջˣһЩ˱
ţͿóһ˱
ةԱ޿Ĺš
ıֶˣ˵õļͥأ
ôͱɹҺˣ
̶ֳ֪ȣԲȥԹϣرרһֻϣС檺Ǵسİ£дС檺͸ϳжĵҹҹս
ҲȤųϵĳ֣ϲлŮֻѼӻˣңԿɺܿܡ
λɣɺةʵܳΪѡ
׿ɺةΪͬˡ
ɺة̵¾һҪػɺ
ϱǺͱкܶమãÿ챻ɺȥ鷿˯ԭ
İǺϱ˯ϱϲβϱģǳ
ӿ˱ʱ˲俪ʼ顣
϶˶˱˵ô£Щ˺ͳ˶ʲô
һʡ
ӿ˿۹۱ǱǹģҪ޵Ĵӣһ˵ʣⶼǴ飬ֻ¡
㲻ҪѪˣ㻹ĸʱ򣬾ûҵĻ
ʣɹӴҵģôܹˣǴкκô
Ϊ˼ˣٿ絽кĿģӸɴཫ˦ĳףΪЩ˸Լ˽
ʣңҲϽҵĹ£ĽӴˣȻСޱȣôӴܣôʶƣ
ңӴʲô뻿˽ǸɾƽһɴӼ򣬸֪
ƶҲӣһζУ֮ʱ¶ʵ磬޷һ㣬ķѾʹɽͼԶīƵ÷ķͼΪף߲ݰҹ÷ľ˫壬ܹˡ
壬ɽͼǱߣ˵ɽͼ˵Ҫȥˡ
ۡ
֪ڸҩԴ󣬴൱⣬˾ҫԼﱥ⣬ᵽʹҲ
ҹƣҹͼô巻أ˵巻Ůȫǿ˸Уƭ˭أСͲƵ࣬ܲ룬ܲ𣿡

Ĳ¸޸֮ǰÿֻҪǵǣǲйŮġ
ԴӼӣҪˣֻҪɺڣͲģ
ΪʲôҪ޸Ӱ
ɽͼǴĻ˵ô˵֮ǰɽͼһֱУҶǻӣһٺ»ܲǮɽͼ
ն˵㶨ȻǴõǮ
˻Ӻ;ŻĬĬĿǰСӣĲ岻ϻˣ綼Ѿô߶
ΪλȻ֣˻Ӻ;ŻΪԼǳֶκͲḻеԱ
ûⳡλ֮Уɣص㣬ˣǻٽģոǸһúÿΣ
󣬡˸˵ǲ˶ʮǰ˺̫֮£ôֵܶ˷ֱĲǴأ
ӺͬʱʵҵĲǽЩ깴˵֤𣿡
ϣ
ޱ֤ݣܺãǾ˵˵ǽЩ˹֤ݡ
ǻ˵˵̫ӵɡ̲ס廰
һֱɺ͵ؿ˴˵
ǽͷ֮ǡ
ۿŻ£ɺҲһǰһһʮǰ̫˵Ǳĸ度ôֺʹйأѲǱԩģ
ɺͷܣҲ̫ˣŸոճĸ۱նף̫ҲܿЩ꣬˾δҵӺԼܣ̫ڵظҲ԰ʣΪ¶졣
Ҳ룬Ͻ̫ͣԩ̫֮£Ȼ¡
ӺӸϽͣ¶ǱԩģǸ׷ո˵©飬ɾͲˡ
ڿ׽סɺ֣֪ɺȻΪվ˵ġ
ɺǵСصӣ˴˵һǰ
жţͿɺһۣȻɺǰĽӡ
岻µĶɺգգ۾
Ӱɺ̾˿Լ֣ҽոָףҿɲΪԻҵָף
򳤹ޱ鿪ʼӡ
ղΪʲô벻ͨɿ飿
ɵ˰
ۺųŽӵ߰˾ŻӺǵĻüͷ֪ѻʺҲˡ
ӿʼ̫ӵ顣
¶Ӻʵ֪飬ԩ
֤ݾͰܹ˳ϣʲɫҲҪѹΣ̾ߣǲŻ𣿡
º˹Ҳһ˵˵
ӺŻϵĻͻȻķƺ¶˾ġ
ɺյߣǲѵĻҪˣ
廹ڰӵı˵Уɺע⣬͵һӣģΪʲôɺôĶģΪ͵ԣԷѵ͸ðӣ
ЩѹģӦԣǺǡ
ʱ򣬻øܱһЩʱɺ˵ôӺݺ˼Һ年ᣬҪݹ˼ڲ塣
ʲôܱȽϺã
ɺ˷ܡ
ȻоһȻɺѾָͷ˹
ĺǲգ˵õϲߵܣһһһ붼أʹ֣ߵܲҵ氮Ӵ
һ˼ܣΪʹùԻ⻷ܱ㽵ˣǮɺĽܷΧɺϵ˵ж档
忴˲ˣеĽӶ˵ϡ
ѹɺͲܿڽӵϷŹ
Сġɺ庫ʽġ
Ȼ忴ǡѧɺӱŤıģСģ
ͨͨɺɰˡ


 55 

ΪڵжȦڣ˿ûбΧš
֪, 츸׷, ϵһᱻΪǿ
ӿ, һֱ飬Ҳ֪
ܺһվͬһߵġ
Ӵ˵, ʣҲǹͬӴ, Ҳ鵽˼Һй, ˼һֱǮҰ, ɣһ֤֮, ֹ˼ҺԨԴЩ, Ѿҵ˲֤ݡ
ЩµĿ塣
⵽Ǹʲô, ϥǺ, 
ߵܰ˵ܺ;ŵڻԼһֱںųԽ, ˸ĽӺܺóԵӣҲԡ
ɺҪġ
Ӹס˴, ѣ
𾪣ŵתͷȥӡ
ɵ
֪˵ʲô𣿡ӸϽסӡ
һﵽôˣ
磬֪㰮ĽҵĴȴҪ޻ߵ, ļı
ӣ
еòˡ
һ޾ɵĴة˫һû뵽ջһϲϷةɵùֱӣոһֱŲ
˿̣ةƴĳ߼
һϿɲܴ
סˡ
Ҳסˡ
˻Ӹ飬ô˵Щ羹Ϊ
˵ǣӵͷǼ޻ˣҲԸҴ㣬ϾҲҵζ㣬ߵǾԲУ
Ŀλϣ
ûеˡ
һ¡峯ɺ֡
ɺĶ˹ȥҪһֽζ
˵ˣԺ˵ܶΣҪѧϰߡ
鱯ˡ
˻Ӻ;ŻӶЩͬ壬߸类Ƴʲôӡ
˻Լϵķ⣬˵ȷ߸֮翴Ҳ֮С
̫Ӣʵһ
˻չ˻ӣ㲻Ҫ۾ʿء
˻ˣ˴Ϸǰ˻ӾȻܻ˯
۾أ
˻ŬԼ۾¶һ϶
˻ã̫࣬檶㳤۾
˻ӸҪŭԼ˵Ҳã綨ȻƲϵ£һԼ£Ź㵱ӡ
˻ֻЩ֣߻ӻ߾ŻӵӶУôӾķ
Ҳ࣬Ѿ߻ˣ˵߻ӣ˾˿϶ûȤֻ翴ϰ˻ӲǴ¼
ȴһү˵ʲô㰮ĽԸ£Ը˳檵ĸҲҪάɡ
ҲϽ˵ʣԷ飬ܴ˿类ߵǣʶȻߵܵĻ
֪ʹһӺɵĿһֱģϻ֮ʱ˭ǰ鱾Ӧġ
һڴʱ͸ͷ
簮ĽҷǴ飬ͳкιϵҹҹС˻죬ҹҹʢװȴңһһоް֮
ЦҲϴ簮Ľˣע磬֪簮Ľ㣿Ƕ˷˽飡ﷸ£֪زסȻȫƵߵϣģ
ӣ
ĲĽ
ղղŮ϶ȥˣ˭ϲһ֮ˣ
檱˰Ľǳ檵Ĵ𣿳檴δԲ֮£ΪҪƳȥס߻ӣ
ŭ
Ӽֱߵڰס
Ҳסˣ㾹ȻĽܵӣ
ӣ
ûУ
ǶôԼܲʧķһ˵տڰڿĿʼ
ۡ
ӷҲĽܵӡ
죡Ӻһŵͬʱӡ
磬û㻹˸֮ˣӾͱĵĿ˸֮ҲҪ֮𣿡
ҲС޺ã
ȻʹйңץסԼе©
ة
ҹðΣգŴµȥӵļҡ
͹ϥǣֵ
ӿ಻ԡ
İ˻Ӻ;Żӿӵ񶼱ˡ
ǵƺЩʣǸоԼֶΪ˻Ӻ;ŻͻȻ⣬ǵĵûôûôḻ
ȻôҲԸ͵ܵǵӲ뷨ԼֵܲκڳУʼնԭ
Ҫسǳ˵ӺôϵĻ
ܵʱ䵽ˡ
ɺվ˵ʣ
һӾͽ˵ѹȥϾĵġ
ϲɵûԼĶ䣬ʲô
޹ĿԼʣȥ򱱺һң򱱺˽ͨ壬ɳŮһӺ󹬣ĿȥУ
˵žʹ󲽳ȥ

ߵſھϲԽĸС̫СŮҫɱȥ򱱺ң걾Ǯˣȱһÿһ
С̫СŮǣ
߻ӵ׵öˣֻһ
һżˣ¹Ҳӯ
˸ȥز̰Ǯƣ
ȵȡʱҪ򱱺һˣ
һ·һ·ҫͻȻü֡廰ųȥǰô֪ôҲ֪߳ȥԶˣȴܹĶһ㡣
СɤӲ߻Ǹ𣿲ѵһԼү
үĽ߻߸ǧ˳
˵꣬ͿԼӡ
ɺһ뿪ͻȻˡ
ֻʣ´ӺӼ̱ԭء
Ҳŭķ뿪ظ˼޴ٲ븮
Ҫؽˡ
˻Ӻ;ŻӿŻҵĳ棬ԼҲˣߵſڵʱ򣬰˻ӽסſڵյĽںδģ
ͦóԵġ
쳤ӿ˿棬ͿǵԱߣһصĽƤ
ҪˣΪʲôŻǻԳԺȺȷΧã
Ѳʲô᣿
ǴȻһСӶ˶Ͻվֱ塣
棬𣿡
Ҫģң
һ˿ǣոûκν԰
ԼѲˣ
Ӳ֪ԼôˣֻǴӺȻ̣һȭӣ㾹ҵĻӳǽ
Ȼ֪ԼͷѾ̳һƬԭ
ӵ죬ֱһȭͷ
˺ܿʹһţҲûͣ¶졣
Ƕҹ¶ſսսվš
ȻѾڵ飬һޱߣһߵͷɺ죬ɺϵͳܻͦõģֻ¼һҾͲԼ˻ź
óһҪȥٹһˡȫǰն֪ϢҲ޷ڡ
ɺû塣
һۣɺžȻɺôħ
Ϊ˶ɺܣ˹廹򣬼кȫ顣
ϰǣ
֪߻ҪȥҴӴ˷¸ˣ
߻ܲܲҪˣǻҪ⣬ӭӭСǣûһ˵ܸǹ塣
Сرһ顣
ɣ
ɤô϶кһվͿԱүа
ֻΪ߻ˣȻ˰ĸүߣһǰүһС
ȵؼҵɺ֪ʲôڷϡ
˶ϵͳõˢһΪԣѵŮѣɹ谮ĹѪ缯֮󡪡͵֪جġ
֪ȫ̱ĸЦԼ׵öඪ
ɺĲ壬ְСӣɺҸ˴˸õġ
ɺбۿ˿壬Ŀ˹ȥûԭ壬ͳһСӣһš
ɺΪ˴θ˵ġ
˭֪ڶӺĶԹʹ˾ǡ
¿״Ԫ֪Ϣ֮󣬰ҹдϧ̵糯

ѻغˡ㱨֮ͷɺοҹߵģһ֮Ů֪ʱȻ˹ϵ뿴徿кı
ϵͳٺٺٺٵĲ졣
ѻˡ
Ǻˣ
¼¶ӻ壬ȻҲҪװװӣΧ˸֮ʱʹȥ
ôˣɺ졣
ʯӰˣˤȥ˾̾˿Һý˻ȥȻȻ֪£ϷΪԼǿӲӳȥˡ
ɺͻȻҲͦҵģӦҲϧԼòӦøˣ㶼ˡ
岻⣬ͳĳ󣬻ٲ𣿻˻һۼסҲǺ£վȻһ¡
ɺҪҲƴˣ϶ƴȿĹͷ
ѺôҲСŮȴ˵˲
Ӧúûж˰ɡ
գѱ͵͵ǲ˰׮ֱߴӺӣǺ年Ѿ¶ֻҪƵ˼ϡ˼ұͳڱ߹أ年Ҳ൱š
ֻҪӺ˵ǺӴΪ̽˼ҵĶ˾ٲ˳ܽ˼ҡ
ֻǣӺӿʼ׼Է᲻Լ¼һ¼֪ǳ֤ݣ̬˿ơ
ԴҲ벻ͨΪʲô÷ӺӾȻ𰸡

Ҳڵڶ賿ڳ˳ǣҪȥ򱱺ز鳭򱱺һҡ
ɺҲȥֻǣȥһӱޣɺ嶨Ȼܲס
ңȥȻֹңҹûճɺȥ鷿ɺв˰ȥ壬ͿںԺĥ
һΣĥ϶ʲôٶĽҪ֮Ѫˡ
ȥ򱱺֮ʱǧ͹ǧʡǧҲҪˡ
ǧɺͷȸЩ߹ز
үһЦ߹زɲҾƣɺһ¾Ҫιȥ졣
֪ȣ˵үţԺүдŻؼҴ磬ͼװûյ
˿ԼĺӣЩᣬǰȥ˵ҪдŻؼ֪𣿡
ǧʺ͹ǧͬʱͷҡľ˹ġ
дžй˷ˣҪСӰɣǳôҲװ
үѣûǮʱ򲻵þд𣿡
ǧʺ͹ǧͬʱͷ
˵߹кöǵʱʼҪǮ
˵߹صĵǹȾǺ࣬ҪЩҲʼҪǮ
ԶԶԣǸСһһƥϺõù
Խ˵Խ˷ܣһݶûˣǻᾭдŵģ
ˣ
ˣɣ͵ûӡ
ϷͷԺþͿӰˣֲϰߵġ
ǧʺ͹ǧͬʱɪһӣһӴڱ߹ذɣ
Ҳùõڵǣ
ǧܵܲͬһ򣬹˼վڳ¥ϣֵ˱ۣﶼЩܡ
ү˵Ҫǧʺǧںδ̫үʵ
ү˵ǧʡǧͻС̫սԶ˳ɳϼȻȥȻʲôˣ㽫ǰ˻ͷ
̫үһЦҿСΣΪȥ˱߹ؾֳһնɱˣǵ˫ַǵսǶպؼңҲɳǵա
ɺܵܣǾô˰
ɺٿǧȥʱıӰѹָͷ屣֤ˣЩȥ磬ǣսϵǹ顭

ʱɱ۵塣
򱱺ݵѪɫ󣬡үͣʥּɱ¾Ͳ»Ϲ𣿡
Σ㶼ˣʻܽбΪһɣŵѪĽһ򱱺ɱĸȫʱ͸뵽ա

 56 

ʲôɱĸȫ壿򱱺Ӧ߻ĸһŮ, ԼҲ֪Լ, ȫ壿
ѪճƳа⡣
򱱺ȻһӰӡ
չ֮ü徹Ȼа˳ơ
㲻߻ӡ
ӡ
򱱺д󺧣ǻںԼ²׵˵, Ź
Źң򱱺ȫɢ, ǿŵҲվס򱱺ǽ, 浱һ㡣
򱱺˵, ˵мΪԺա
Ժк, ͶߣھʵȨ޵λ, 
ھΪ򱱺ʱ˵, ÿ, ıǸԼ˸ǿĿɽ˼ҡ
򱱺Ʋ塣
һ, 򱱺ڸɬ
ô, Ȩ磬ǳܼ, ܽʵסصǡ
Ҳӣ򱱺ްֺүϣֻʵĹڵϣµ, ǷŹңһ˭ģһܰ㣡
ҪӲ͵˷ϻһֱֱͱ򱱺ѣҸģ֪
ĳԼܱ
򱱺ֱֱ۾Ĳʹ࣬Զ򱱺ѾѪɫ
ûһӵùȥ
ѳ򱱺˽ͨǮƣǴܹ֤ݡ
򱱺̰۾õ֤ݡ
ǮѵˮйͨЩǷף򱱺иֻ漣
Ȼ̫ϸ岽֮ʱŵſЩ׹
ǡӽҽ߻ӣҰ
䶯ҶʮУѪȵĳ棿
һ
ɻ󣬡򱱺˵ҲóңⲻΥʥּ𣿱˳⡣
屧ԹҲ̫ˣҼҶɲڸǰҵĹ͡
͵ҡͷ
Ƿ˲Ҫʲôƨͣ
Һó٣Ȼûס򱱺֣϶ġ
תɫֿˣϻ᲻Ǻȥĳ٣ûס߻Ӱ
⡭Ϊˮֵߵߵˣ֪Ƶߵġ
Ҫʲô鶼϶ε԰ߣ˵ȻˣͰɨһ£ЩҲһϣҶ¼ˣ㲻㡣
䣺
ǧʲôģ
ˮעûеģ嶼ˣһӶû
һصʬ塭
һ£ô࣬ôԪɣ
ֻǣѪĽ䲻˵
һֱ뿪Ҳûҽ˵ڣΣԼ£үȥ˰
ޣСҲ֪顣
Լʣô죿
ָԼʰ档
ȥһڣⱲӶûǰô˹ʵǻһҲҪһˡ
ȵ䣬ûϢ
ȥվһ֪ȥˡ
վ˻䣬֮ǰⶣҪͣãһ
̲סԼϵͷ
ǸϽȥɻɡ
ǣ˵

ɺҹЩߡ
ϸ룬Ǽеģ岻ڵϣңֱôԶ
ƽȥ鷿סɺҲһǽ֮ĵطڲһˡ
ɺ򱱺ؾ뾩ǲǿӱޣϾǳңҪ˻ػҪ嵽գоѰϵͳϷ뿴Ӿ硣
ԴӿƵʱɺеĻͲˡ
ңԴ뿪״ԪԶͱˣ״Ԫϳɺ֪״Ԫҹ϶ûкúд
ҵ¿״Ԫɺ̾һͷл㱵˯
һӳɺԺ
ѵó䡣
䣬ѵۻ˵ۺ꣬˾̫ͬΣԼϾ֮֮λ
ǲλãѵƽӹ۴δѵ۰δʢѵ۱ҲµµΪĶɹһǿ׳⻼ѵ㣬ѵÿλһ죬ĥһ죬᲻Ȩơ
ѵ۶Ⱥ³˸бĳѵõ죬н֮ˡ
ѵ۶ԼĶӡ
̫˳ཻ֮ˣ̫Ϊǫϣй༫ƲɽԣĲȻոǿȺĪݷ
ѵˡ
ѵù̫ĸΪУ֪ʹȹһΪʹǣѵֶΣδܳɹùͻʹϵӽܡ
ѵʳѰ
Ĺ˱ǶҲС
Ҫ̫ӣҪͬʱεͻʹжи֮ơ
ɺ͵
ϾȻ
û¾͸Ͼж಻ãϺĺԶһЩԭ
ֻǣĳͷټֻڽǰͻһʱǣɺ֣ûأеȫ֣ɺŲʹա
ĸţҲû˵һû壬ɺ빬
ɺ֮ǰֻ֪ĸйأ֪岻ϲϣȴ֪м仹Եʡ
壬򱱺鳭ȥˡ
ɺ֪岻ܳ£Īĵǡ
ԽԽ˯ţɺڴϷȥü£Ǵ·
ˮºϼţɺĶҲϽ
˯𣿡
ɺͷ
ȻȥȦˮ½顣
ϼˮ£ҹô죿
үͲֹˣŵӵǵĲˡ
ˮͷû뵽һ硣
Ȧɣɺ˵ʵ˯ţܵĴ
ϼȥȡˡ
ˮЦ˵Ҫүڣ֪˼϶Ҫ˵ĺϲ£ˡ
Բ֪ܽˣҪ֪𣿡ɺ˸ȻҪβ̵ȥ
ˮµؿڣģҾˣһ˵ʵ
ϼЦЦ۵ͦࡣ
ϼ˵ȣɺѾһߡ
ɺ֪ʲôʱϣҲ˹˵ˣǻ谵
ڰɺԷһ
ͻȻϲ˵үˣˣ
ģû죬ôô죿
һ·Ӧ࣬ͷ϶үû
үҪϱȷʵҪ䣬үôôŨصѪζͻˣ˿ô죿
ɺϽ˴š
ſţͿ壬죬㲻ʲô
ոΪȷϣſڵſֹŵ˻ûһƼǰ
ῴ˿ǰɺĬĬ
ôʲô
̧ͷڵȰӦ

ʲôҪģȥô˿ҪĲ
ҹ˯ӭүү
ϵͳ˺þá
ܲܲҪôĿˣ
޵ĻС㣡
̤ôܰ˵һĻ̧ͷˡ
ǰ棡
ſɺ
ɺ
ðɣʶү
ովͲõĵġ
ˮºϼѵӵүͷϡ
ϬһĻ֪үﻹţү춨֮ˣڣѾе㻳ɣѲɺͶϵǻᣬ˵˧ҲףүһµУ˵ǺȺˡ
죬ոڼлɺ˯ôǰˡ
ͻȻ뵽ԼһѪȻûüϴȥԭվϴһǻȰϴ㿴ɺҲġ
ʲôԣ
ۻᣬᶨȻɺǰӡ˹ܻ
߶һ
Ҳֻһ˿档
᣺
ʲôʱүǳȥһӵ⣿ʲôӦ
ᰴסԼͷҪ˵
㲻ɺɣǼ˼Ͳϱˣ
ԹԵߵɺǰ
ŨصѪζɺͣЩǺǡ
ȥϴһ£ɺȵҡϽ
ɺҲż뿪ֻһѪζڲ̣ոնʲô
û㣬ôϣԼ˵ġ
ߵ޹İ˰ͷһҲǺԼ˻
𣿡ɺѪʵ
ҡͷǰ˲ҡ
ɺϴѪȥ㣬ȥϢˡ
ɺϸɺԵѪʱӦܣͷ뿪ˡ
ǵ֪˵һѪˮ
ʱǽŵĨͣȥ
ȥ

㱼죬ѪζǺζּѬȥϴȥ
ʱˡ
üͷ;û϶⣬ȻǴĻҪӽɺ
תͷ̲סԼүֱ棬ôͼˣ
ûϴ裡
ˮºϼɺ߿һ㣬ôүûһġ
ɺ첽Զ㡣
ʱо̣˶ͬһ㣬үԼҲ¡
㻰öࡣˡ
᣺
źѪĵѪˣ
Լϴ裬ɺӡ
ɺҲû˯һ˯ⶼûУǶˣɺѾǸЩѾǵǰҹɺʳɺԣֻһ㡣
ݵʱɺСһһĿԼǰ졣
ô֪һɺӼǿɰ̲סɺڡ
ɺ۾һϽѾߣүҪƬ⣬ӳ˳һЩһЩ
ѾǺɵĿ塣
üͷһ壬ȥ
ѾǵҲƣҶԣϽȥС
ڴϣһһѾ빴ҡ
ɺ
̫࣬Ѿֻǻүѣ˫ⶼе
ҸոΡϾʳɺڴڳˡ
֪ɺԤ֪δ顣
εõˣ彫ɺڻ£ҡ
ɺ廳εĸˡ
μ˻Ϻĸͻʹһ塣
ȭͷɺǣҪЩ飬һġ
̫ˡ
ɺֱ˱壬򱱺һôˣ
ɱˡ
ɺ˶٣ĸзĹǺ£øĸһңҶ޸ôˣûݼĸʲôʱȥĸɣ
ûзĹͳĸͳһڣͬЩķؤһͬˡ
ô
ҲãΪ˺ӵˣֱɱһ򵥵Ĺ
ɺס֣ǵ㱨˳Ǹĸ˶Ҳи֮
ѹôˣӲݼĸ׵顣
޴ɰݡ
͵͵һ
ЩˣˮƬ⡣
ɺʵѾûθˣˮ·ϡ
ˮߵĹһ£үһüˮ·ˡ
ү켸ˮδ˵ǳԷˣⶨȻǸүģԾͺˡ
ˮе㲻ոҪԣٷ࣬Ҳ֪үԡ
ɺԵģԵĿģɺԼС֡
Ȼͱסˡ
ɺǿҪһƬ
ǸҪ𣿡ü
ɺҲҪԣ
ǣɺնûԡ
ɺһˣҲˣ㻹ҪҪٳԵʲô
ƭģһڸ˵ոϴ֮ʱͲˡ
˵ţͰѸˡ
ɺɴ۾ȥ壬㻹ҵĸ㣡
ԡ˵ţɺ
ɺɴ۾ѵ߼б͵˻ȻִѧõһУ
Ƭ𣬸ովӦһЩԵġ

 57 

ɺЩϳʱڵѣϾһ㶼ٵĸɵ򱱺һ, , ѸٽԼ򱱺Ŀȱжһˮƽ
ǻ֪˿϶ưոݡ
嵹Ǻν, ֻҪƤĶÿ
, ҲĿ
ҪҲӵõ, η塣
ɺŶյ, ϳһ˽, ҲñõļܣȻֵ, пܻῪڰܡ
Ȼֵһɺױ
ɺ, , һ·嵽ʹſڵӡ
, һ³û׼, ү, ȥգҲ뿪¾ү뿪أԺүʲô, ³ɡ
һ񶼲Լ¡
µûˡ
뿪أ
ɺôܻӭ뿪죬һᣬҪ뿪أͷϾ̳˹Ĳԭ
ɺԾԡ

̫ͣղس
ʬʵ̫ˣ̫Ҳܽʬ˸򱱺ڵĹȵϣȴ϶ᡣ
˭֪̫䣬ָԼȥˣҹ򱱺һں˷֮󣬵ڶ죬ؾͱڿˣʬ嶼ˡ
̫е㷽
̤ô£Ѳ򱱺Լ̫ԩȥү
ǣ򱱺ڵ
̫䲻ҲҲ¡
ֻ̫ҰԼȥѰ֪Ѱˡ
˵ƺ򱱺һҵټ
Ǹط̫ȥȲ˵죬ضʬ壬̫ԼƫһЩԶԶġ
ҲûȥҲǴҶ£Щ˲񣬿ʬʵ̫ˣʵϲ
̫㷣ǿģôһ˾Ͳأ
򱱺ص˸˲²⣬ǲǹһ屨𰡣һǱ򱱺ģɱ֮ȫʬĶûУֱȥڣ򱱺һҲڣɼһǹһɵġ
̫䣺
ط̫аˣҪؼң
ܲˣ
ǲǿһǰظ
ֻǣ򱱺ϳĶʵЩ̫࣬һ·ϣʱ䡣
ȵؾ̫֮Լûˣؾ죬ڳſڵ
Ȼ̫һƵȥ
˶鱦ȻвٰΧۣ֪˭ϳ壬ҷ׷״ˣ򱱺һңⶼǻҪ͸ġ
򱱺̰˶پð
˵򱱺һһ˹һ塭
̫䱾ⲻ˵
ж˵ֱƨ
رۻɣԼȵڼЪ˺ö죬ȻһЩع飬ֱ˵Ĺ͡
Ҫͣ˵Ļ
ֻǣ˵飬̫Ҳһϵƣү֪򱱺һҵʬ壬Լܵ档
ôܣȻ͵򱱺Ž򱱺һᵽڣĿγɲˣ򱱺ôôǮһĹǣĺڣһ򸸻¡
̫Ҫըëˣ̤ô飿
ү򱱺ǵʬԼҹȥڵģ˵ǹһȥġ
Ǵգ飬̫;úë𣬡үһҪϳĻ
š
̫䶼ý͵׼ˣ˭֪徹Ȼնľ˵ˡ
̫
үôôˣѲүһꣿ
˵̫꣬ҡҡͷô飿
˭֪ȴ˵ͷ
̫˫ϥһ
ʹϵȥ
֪Ϊʲôɱ򱱺һ𣿡ص˵Ǹʱ˱㿴ϵĽǲǶͬһ֣֮Ϊַڳ֡
Сͨ飬Ժʲôйص飬ܰڱϡؿ˵ͱҲнˣѡ
̫ڵŹ
̫ˣҪˣ
̫ļ򣬡¶˵ȥԸҰæ㵱ѣԺ˭ñæǱͲˣùҵ󽫾ɱƬײ֪𣿡
̫䣺
̿֡
Ǽ˻ô˵
ô˵ô˵ԼĽͻȻǳ컯գҪ
̫͵ؾ뽫һת
̫һЦģϳ֮иѹЩСΣ
̫°ֲǾ֮û
̫һѶߵһЩ
ȻҲǣҲ档
ϣϾϢ˶ξһ·Ͼսսݣջؿ³ǡ
Ϣһ˿
³Ȼ󣬵ǸΪҪľ¾ݵ㣬Ͼ¸漱Ϊ³䣬ؿ³ǣսѹСࡣ
й˶ξı֮ˣ˹֮¡
˶ξǹǧɹǧսʱιǧ
׷׹ϲ顣
̫үҲġ
ǰ³ǱᣬۿϾҪʧأʱɹǧһֱǣҶǣݱҲδ˵Լ£ǹǧӦްԸԼ˵Ϣˡ
ȴδϲɫ˼Ҵ̵Ŵݣǰ֪˲һ㡣
УϿɱй˼ƭˣ˼ҴΣ˼ƷаҲ˵Ǳ壬ҴŮĹǧˣ˵ǧ֡
ŭĿ̫ү˶޳𣿡
ةһ˾ַʲô飿
״ԪҲںŶϸ֮ûûУ¡
㵹ǻȸ״ôͼǹ˼Һǹ˼źöɣǼҡǼǴ뺦ǹ˼Ұ
ȲŸպû죬Ůִȣ˵ǶôҪ

˵ǵڼȣ
ҶǱ̱ŮҲù
˵ǼǲǴĵģ˭֪Ů궼ʮˣƢƷԵӣ˸ȢŮǲǴŴñҸ㣬ǴӲ¶ˣҲŮϵģ
˵̫꣬үϽûԼҲӵ˼
͹̫ү֣ޣ˭˲֪ҹǧֳƷӣУĲ䲻ͣݺݺ൹һѣŮò绨ôûҪ
ӸȢϱˣŮŮû֣ȾͶˣ
Լ˵˵⻰ԲԣŮû֣ܶϣôȻԼϰҶһ£ҪǽղˣҾԲ˵̫ү˵žߣӣӣҪһ㡣
ͷۡ
Դ˼ҺھӣˣʱҪݣֻƽնСˣ¶ȷԴЩ
̫үţŮӵѾߣչӣֱΪֹ
ҪҪҲߣˡ
ͣͷ۵ܣһ̫ϽȥϰѨλŮȻ˹ӣԵ񣬴²ǵһηȻŮϴδȡѵˣȥźӣֱӿΪֹ
лϡ̫үֵ˺ãϲԽ
ģϣ˼Ҿϲ⣬һŮ
鶨ȻҶԹŮ˳֮¡
ȥ˵ѾˣļҹŮ㣿
ԼŮܼ޵ĳȥ
һƥָԼŮ޸ŵڣٸЩ𣬳룡ǰɵŮӣ޲ȥģ
Ͽ͹ȥ۵ӣԼüģո˵ʲôţһϱȫˡ
ˡʹ˼ΪÿζܴݣȻǴ̣Ӯǣÿδݣδ˻ɹ˼ǲǺй᣿
̫үŻĿ⣬˳ܣҪҪةٺһɤӣû˵ԼŮĻʵۡ
ţ̫ͨˡ
˽ջ糯ϢҶֻ֪ǲ֪Ǻʱ
Ͱˣ󻹽һʹ˲ֵǮĶ
ȵһ䶫Ƕһ
򱱺Ǯ
򱱺ⱻĲԩ
屧ȭ˵ʣǶ¶޴
̫ᣬ˵۳ɹһŴġ
ڷŲ£вڵ⡣
Ƿ׷̽ͷȥƲ⾰ҲǽһƬ
򱱺أϻɵĿ壬ͳ˼ңҲû˴
ôţ˿
򱱺ˡ
Ȼ
Ҳסˣ˵ʲô
򱱺ˡɫƽ
ôģٿȥѲɻ򱱺ȫ𣿡
̫Сĵ壬̫Ϊ򱱺˵ϢӦʹؾˣôŻϻһ֪
ѵǹ
ûУȥʱ룬ֻȥҵģȻѡԹۣȻǾʹˣʬÿ˱ررۣЩǻвǵȥڣʣôҲǸ£ָʲôʱͱͺտûˡ
˭вˣ򱱺Լĵϻܱ˭в
ǰıѹȻҲûκηš
ǰл϶ʱˡ
ҡͷǰĹꡣ
һԶԡ
ģʣ򱱺˶֪򱱺֮ʬ廹лصڣͻȻϣûǰһҵĹɡ
˵ţ͵ͷ鿴
̫ޣûУ϶ûǰ˳ˣʲôûǵ顣
Ϻ飿
УʣҪа˵ҲţڶŲɡ
ǰܻؾ˰ɣ˵ſ˿ôЩأ
˵ֵͷֹһ£о̫㰡ѵɢ
̫
ôһ˵ͻȻЩ
ʣȻɴǰɣҴ򱱺ѳ֤ݣǰǱģ֤ݻҪһ׷飬򱱺˾еָʹָܺʹδ
Ļǰһǰ˵ǰһոǿս϶һʮĺ֡
̫ҲϽͷǣȸһ巭ѹ¹һĻ˵
һôһɱô죿
뵽Լⰸӣ̫ʱԼ⣬ʲôǵҪ鳭ʵʵ˲
̰С˳Դңմˡ
˵û
ǹģʣŤͷ˿̫䣬νսҲĶˣҿ̫ƫҪע⣬á֪ġ
̫ͲˣϣʬǳۿģǾԼȥڰϣ϶ǰһˣǻȸǰһ巭ɡ
Ƕʱøˡ
֤ݳ˵ֵ޿ǶǱɵˣδ˵Ǳסˣ֤ݣ޻˸飬ǲٲ֣꣡
˵֣ϿȻǲ̫Ļ
̫м㣬лϴ£
嵹ƽûϵʣ죬ԣ
̫ĹԶһЩԣ
顣ͷˡ
ȵڳȫ뿪ͻȻ뵽ԼողҪʹ˼
ôˣ
ڳ鸴ӣֻ״ԪϲԽ
µˣԴȪ
ΪʲôҪ߾˺ˣ˺
˺͹ҲǼõİ
򱱺һҶɱˣȻһ٣⻰ŮǣǻΪʹӿԽİ飡

屻˽ա
ĺܿԺͿÿϱɺ籧ɺϺٺٺٺٵˡ
ӽԺҲ糯ʱ򣬴򿪼أ͵ɺˡ
ɺҲȷҪ塣
˵ڼɺһˡ
ǺʱҪ㲻ڣһһ¶

 58 

һ˵һ˵Ȼû
˵, ɺߡ
ɺһҲ, ɺһᶼĬ
Ȼ巢, ɺķ򲻶Ծȥ˼ʲô
ڹ˼Ҷ, ģֲ, ȥҲǿ, һط, Ҳˡ
ɺһ񶼲塣
ɺĸ첲˼ϡ
Ҫı簡ɺϴЦݡ
ͷ˿ɺЦݣɺٶ¶Ц, ǧʲôˣ
Ӧðѹ˼ȫŪȥ̡
㲻ȥɺ죬û϶, ɺ̾˿, ԶȥĻ, ҲͲ, ԶЩʱҲûؼ, ҵʱԶһȥͺúڼЪš
Ҫȥ岻ˣΣԲܸԶκһ˿ɳ֮
ֻ, ϣ˼˽ϾȻûǿ塣
ɺ˹ȥ˾ˣڳ𣿡
ͦҵģүʾҽȥ
ʵ˵ܲܳ΢һ㣬ϾԼĶӣĶ˰
һרҶӣ磬Ҷӳô󣬾ͶϹȣ
һǱ߶ϵģҲͰˣǣһΣǧ־Ȼֻ߾ŶˡԽ˵Խú¡
ү˵᲻ǧֿ˵ˣźԼҶӳԺ
ɡ˾ֲ̫ˡ
浽һ죬ӾɷڸչԼӡ
ôģȥүߥԼˡ
һ¸ҿ˳ë˵۶үôȥ
ҵΪһǰҴһԱšүԴǡ
üһ̲ס˵ǧֲǱ˶ȵġ
ҴϵġͷԼϱɺΪ˽
ǿˡ
Ȼͱ˼Χסˡ
ǧֵȸʲôүոջ˵Ĳҽǧֵӣ͸ɷĺ塣
˲ԼϵĿˮ
һôˡûһ
ˡ
Ҵġʼ磬ѵǹǧֵĿƣΪù˼
΢㶣ǧ֣òǿ˰ɣ
ôݵ϶ϲﰡԸ͡
үͬҾòǣﳳĸɱȫһĶ϶ǧ֡밤򣿡
ԼҶӦòڲͬİðɡ
ֱӺԶүĻһҲԣǧʱἰ
ǳᣬɶүһŮ˶ġ
죡үλͬʱһͨ
үүҡҡͷ϶ô˲أ
Ȼֵ棬϶
ȻҲùǧϲҪϲֶԼͦݵġ
˼˰ΧͻȻˡ
үӦүߣҶӵȣɲôˣдһ١
ոǿЩӣ˼ҵûд衣
ڿ˼ҵ˾ͶԶԶģֻԼϱд裬нϱڣΪʲôҪϱЩϴ֣
ò״壬˼˿ɲ׷Ź塣
ɺб̽ͷ˾ˣ뿴ôˣȴүȥȿˣүд衣
ҲҪǿҷ
ɺü˯鷿𣿡
ˣдҲǲԡ
Ҫѹ˼Щȫϵ߹ȥɺԶԶģ
Ǵү˲̫ͬɺʵֲ̫ϲ㣬ǧҪǰܰǧ߶ȣ⡭
ܰɺߵ
ңһر˭˭أүȥɡүϸĵȰ˵
ϴĲ⡣
˼Ⱥ˶ŵʲô̬ȣ
Ⱥ˻ûͷ첻ۡ
뿴ɺĺܺ棬һɢɢһı磬ôͻȻϲһСѧʽϲ۸
˵õĸ̸̣ÿ鳡ʥأ
ɺͻȻ뵽Щʱʱҹǧѯ꣬ЩԹǧָм꣬ǧڵӣǺ󲻺ҹǧֵѯ
ǾͶҲܺ棬үǰɡ
壺
˼ҵȫûġ
߽ԺӣͿ㾹ȻҸĥī֪Ҹ˭𣿡
֪ĥ͵ϣǧϳѾߵ𣿡

ͲҺȵģһڻǰң
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ԤУҪ˵ã鷿Ԥϸº˯ʮ鷿»ûʼ죬Сʱ仹ûҵʱ࣬Ҫʵ壬͵Ŵñɡ
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ԼŰ졣
ȭ
˶ʮ꣬гһȴҪ˵ѾߣǱô׵ԩ
ûǧ֡
үȡ
ǵĳɺһ㡣
ųһӵĹ˼˶ʱŭˣ
үˣжԼϱģ
ɺҡ
޹Ŀɺ˼̫ΣˣǻؼҰɡ

ʶͽԼĥõīˮ塣
ɺ
еۡ
ϾӰЩīˮʵʵĵɺϡ
뿴
ǧֶʱԼҪվֲųΣ˫ȾΪʵʵĹȥ
ǧ֣
оҪ갡
ǧֵæִȡ
书ǿȻ֪ʲôˣǧȻȶˣʵֻǹͷλӺùͷһɣһ¼ɡ
鼱֮ҪͷҪһ졣
ɺŹԼǰı磬ͬ顣
ɺ˼ڣ˭ǱĿǣ
ҲסˣȻһ᲻ϲɺ
ǣСҲûǹңСҲ㱾֣罻Ҳ¡
Ǻ͹ǧгҲû뵽Լɺ
ǸҲǹġ￴˿ɺĹ˼ˣˡ
ԼСô죿
˼ҵ˺Ҫү
ոͼү
᲻ᱻȥնף
ǣү𸾵£ʵûס
û£ɺӣȥϴһϴӡ
ýΪԷһֵʱ˼·ڣ·ܴҲۡ
ɺ־ÿˣǸȼ֮ˡ
üŮǶ񶾡
Ϊ˵õңȻҵҪʡ
ʱżˣ
ûˣȻүʣ֮ˣҲóүͶϣôҪȥү
ô˹˼ҵţ;Ǳˣ
һϣ㷲
ء
ǧֱԼȣûȾȾң
ɺˣΪʲôôΪʲôȫŮ˶ڹ
˭ʮ꣬ȫΪҲеүţ
û֣ôˣûԼϯŮ
СҪ˼ǼŹɣҲǸǱɰܲϸϸƷƷԼ
˼˿˿ǧ֣ٿ˿ǧָòмɣ
˼˵ֵ꣬ʥϿͣչҼǧֵΪֹҪչһˡ
Ϸ˲֪ʲôʱˣϷЦе˵Ǿе㲻˼ˣúúһﵱһѾߡ
ߴѾ߽̽˽ӻ
˵꣬˾ͿϷ˶Цһ¡
ȻϷ˴ǵĻȶû仯һ֣Ǵ֪Ϸ˶Ļ⣡
һֵŵĻģо¸ֿԶ͸֧һЩǮˡ
εת
˼ڱɺī˼˵Ĳʵɣ϶ǰɣ
үӵĿżеŮˣǱҲɺһӣڡô˼еȺŮأ
ǧ֣
˵Ǳ߸ĪĶʲô
ôңȺʲôû

ڶգȫǵ˶֪ˣȻȥ˹˼ҵѾߣǸͲúøɣѩϼ˪ǧֱֵӷ飬ݼڵĸɺһīˮ
īˮʱү
үɺء
ȫǵ˶УǶҳϡ
ǵүڱ߹صʱ򣬿ֵ˳Ƶ佲ģڣôҪԼţôĳ
¶ֵ֮ǰ˾øϽү
ǵķˮð
úһүӲ˳С
ôȥòֵϱҲҪûˣ˵ȫǵ˶ļޡ
ڳϳһܡ
һΣ齫ĺ޻֮
ࣺ
ǵ˹ļϵŮ޷ƽ
ⳡսȫʤ֮󣬻ȥ˼ҺúýһԼŮ
ĴȥԼңҪݵλʣ̫үʵر׸ӣѲ֡
ЩĳܵУƽ־Ӷ࣬ò״ȫʤһرѸ¡
ʱ򣬹ͺܻˣҪǸɤţνҲԸⰡ
޹ĸŹȥ˹˼ҡ
ߵ˼ſڣԼŮĺǧ֣ȥ
̫үбһࡣ
ûн
ûǰҲսָֻˡ
ڲڻǰҪơ
̫үԼſںೳһܡ
ˡ
ΪóһܷӵĲã˺ݺ֯һԡ
̫үոһ·մմϲȻ򲻹Ԥϰࡣ
˼֪Լү಻ֻͣǣ˳ܴʱڳ֮ϣ˳Ǹظң࿴һ۶ᷳ
˳ܣܶ˶ûƹ
ɺ
忴˿컹ϴѹ˵ôƤҪ´ˣƶҪŮˣֲܽѵĳˡ
ңɺдʣīһΪ˾·ɵĲȥµĲ
գһ˼֮󣬻·һᱻī
ɺ˿ԥıﳳأ游ೳأӵô죡
ΪʲôǸˣҪѡ񰡡
˼Ҳһ㣬һŤͷ򶫿泳ܣһŤͷ鳳ܡ
ȵ鳳֮󣬹˼˾רĿˣǧҪ̫үǨŭ
ֻǣڹ˼棬õԼŮĴС
áһ°ɡ
ǵϰն̫ˣΪ˶װԣ׵˹˼ҵǽǡ
ڸո͹ϢģüСؤԶˣҺһӮˣ
Ÿոߵſڣӭ棬ͱһˮ
˵ɺ飬ܵīˮͺãȻҪˡ
뿪˵ͿԼŮһɬĽָͷĿ游ȥϴɡ
ࣺ
ǹǧֵϴˮ
ŭΪʲôãϴˮҹ򣡡
ɺµĺͻȻҺüˡ
ҪǸ˴ϴˮ϶ǺӶϴ塣
̫үһ£̷˴һЦ
ħ
ŭ꣬⣬ѣӦˬ
꣬˹үˡ

 59 

Ҳû뵽Լô顣
ɺˡ
ע⵽˼ҺȻôһš
ⲢҪҪһϴˮϴˣ
һ򼫿ò, ÿһҪһ˿, ǱȻԼϡ
Ҫϴ衣
˵, 游Ҹˮ
ԼŮűá
Ǹ˵˼Ѿ, ԼѾˣ
ˮ飬ҪǵŮ, Ҳϴ衣
˼Ҳ˲, ҶƵĵǱߵĶ, Ҫʲô
ɺҲЩƣϸòɱְɣ
ɺס, ҪǸվһ᲻, ֤
ҡͷ, ᡣ
ɺߵſ, ͿһС̫ĸŮվſڡ
ɺ΢Ц, ǻϵؽ̫Ů˶͹ˡ
еô£
üͷš
С̫໹˻ϵĻûʺѡ, ֦ɢҶϾɺĿǰ
̫ҽÿ»ɺΣȻ֪ɺ
ɺڵ״ʺϻУҲС
ɺвһ꣬ɪҡ
껰뿪ˡ
ĸȫǡļõ, ɺӯӯ
ɺ
ɺĥΪʲôͬ񣬱˵ľǿ˾һǱ񻯹أ
޶Ե塣
ĸһۣͷɺ˵ɺҰǽˣȥȥͻء
ɺĸͬɻ
ĸȻĸ࣬Ӷڷһؼ̷үү
ɱǣǻʹġ
óȻɱˣָϻҪһɺƶʡ
Ҳóĸ˲뿪аȥеˡ
ɺŶһ
ɺֿΪ󷽷˵ԼУŵɫ԰׵ĸˡ
˶˭˵ԼУҪͶԷƴԲ㣬ܰԼйߡ
ɺи̣Ĳˣ
ŻԱգΪ彫ʧȥһ˶Ȥ
ǻͣԱ˿ûжɺģֱߡ
Ӧߵǰ˵
Ѿóʮʮ̬ȡ
ɺɰ̾һʲôӣʲôˣôϧʲôʱȢϱ


ôʲô
е㺦£ǽүˣ϶ᱻھǲû
ԼҪϽԶǷ֮أˣĸĥĥû𣿡
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ϧܸϡ
ǻǲɣȥӦþͲھһ㣬Ϊ˲Ļˮ˵ʹձŲ˰ɡ
棬ĸ˸棬ǴҲֻߣȫۣܲҲûпߣȻĸ˸ܲס
ǴСҲǽţ͸λ˵ģѧ˲٣ôʱ·ȫΪǡ
ʱٺ˵ѹͲһû
е㷳ĸ滹ؼҿǧֺﹷҧûٸһīˮ
ĸߵĻһԼүˣ͸ϽĸŮ
δ˶Դʱίܡ
ܵں棬ȥ˴Ӹϡ
ڱ˼û뵽Ҫ
˵߻ӣӸǼǵǻʵˣǿסߵſʵʲô
´ģ͸ˣ˵Ǵ磬Щ
һҶܺõӡ
ɻ漴ܾҹؽ˼飬ǻȥߵܣҲ˼
̯֣ǸģһҪȥһҡ
ĸŮҲûб
ʵ̫⣬˵һ̲һ
Ҳ˹ɫŲοǴСѵģֻڴϵʱŸ֪ǵĺá
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̹£涣үǶﲻ˵ǣǻźүģүҪɱǡ
ӸҪˣ˭֪ǲ壬ߵܣȻǸģ㻹˰ɣ˷˸һ⣬ǵøʲá
ȫϣĿ塣
ǿɲУΪǸĶҲŸҪϧ岻У߾˷ѣøʹ͵òأҲŽ⼸˴翴ζƳ˵磬͵ܵҲзݣģ˭ƫ
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ӿҪ뿪Ҫ׷ȥ۴ӵĽ˵磬ҪСģڹؽա
ӵĽżϣ֪ԼòǱߡ
ԼֵĺһЩڸʿɶʱܳŲߵһ˺
編ƣʣµŮ͸ӣ˻Ӻ;Żӡ
ǶԸĹۣ˻ģ֪ԼУͲȥ⼸òŮӡ
ǡΪʲô֪ԼУҪȥȢɺ
߻ѲǺܾǰ߻ӣ
ү׷ʵһɱ򱱺ȫңǲǻˣ
ͻȻʹĸ˹ɫŮЩŮ˿Ҳܾ֮ܿǻɹġ
ɣüͷ壬Щ꣬Ҳһֱĸ̫ĸ廹ŵˣĸһ嵱ϾҺͱˣ׼ٶҲ©
ҡһ£鵽ôһؾ¶ݵġ
ڲ̫ƽʺϻҲǸλӡ
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ˣСϳ󣬸θߴս˶һ
ֻǡӲ̫ʹսԣƢ𱬣ŴԼ˶ڧ
ǱﲿӰͷڵĦˣЩ˼죬ЩҲʼѧϰܵĲ͸ǣٲȻѾǴܵһв
ǣ̲סʾүǧҪúñ֣ŬάУߵĴ̫࣬ĵģ޴ڵɫİǧ֮ǰĲϸˡ
֪ˡûӦš
ʾʱ̲סһЩʿүΪʲôҪԻߴ̫Ϊ
үʹ̫֮䵽ʲô֮ͨ
ˣУѲɴ̫໹ʲôķɣ
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ɺеźȫˣ
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ҪǸôһȺŮԼǰÿ챻Էȵμ
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ҵ˼ǰͻδ飬㶼Ϊǿһ𣿡
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ϵ
ǡ˵ôôʲô
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ɺðͻ֮ԵڻĹϵܴ
ոˣɺڹſԶԶ˵֮ǰﶥˮͰ򡣡
òң游粻ɺС˵ҿ֮ǰƺûô
Ȼߵſڵʱֺ͹鳳һܣһȻǴĻǵĹӮˣ˳ǳ̬
֪游ʲôɺ۾һȥ游
ܸ㡣̫үһ˵ḯζ˵ʲô޲ùʮ˵䡣
游Ų᲻ءɺͷˡ
壺
оǵֵѼӷˡ
ôˣȥԷ
г˵Ůˣҵģ
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ͷҰˣ
˶ǮȻ˼ҡ˵׼һȥҵʱ򣬷ҿⷿǺܶƷģ൱ʵб˽ҵʱܵı˭졣
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ɺ
ֻ뵽ұΪ׷Լȣ㵱Сʯң
ɺһŭˣߺߵתͷߡ
֮ǰͿԼұָ˺ƺƵȥá
̲סͱ糳һ
ɺƣ˵˵ʱ򣬲һһ׵ģʲô۹ⶼܾ׼ô̸ֵСѧģʽ
׶԰벻ͨ
ɺãҲϲͱ糳ܡ
Ȼ￴źʵҲһݰɣѽˡ
ĻҲֲģҪ붯īˮϴˮԶһЩ飬游żء
ɺԼֺõ壬ƣͷҲصǰߡ
ϵͳ䳰ȷ
˵Ҫ׷޻᳡嵱ʱ˵ûܿϵŮӡ
ģϸˡ
屰΢Ľͣûлɺԭ£ɺ˷ݵţҲԡ
ĬĬĻŻߴ̫һһУŬ̫࿿£ԼϱߵĵһСġ
˵ɺǱһ˿Цݣǰͨүˣھ⣬һֱҪ
ɺ죬ջȥӣ
岻ǽĸŮ͸ˣӣӣ˻Ӻ;Ż
ͬ⣬ҽնûǱ飬Ҵ
˵ţ˳ȥ
ȻɺͿ屻ӱƱһ·˹
һƸĺı塣
ȿɺӾҵµһ˵ߵã˵ߵܽյöԲԣߵܸ硢硢˵ܺ;ŵڶˣǲͣǲƲҰ
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ӿɺ˵ʱ͵ˣ㿴ߵö鼫䲻
˵ţܿɺ£ҲԼǰǲǱùȼһǣóԡ
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ȻﵱȻûȻֻǣôûȻɺʹϵͳ̳һȻ
Ҳúȣɣף˭ģߵãܷѳӽü죬ȻҲá˵ţͷƵĿʼ
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ɺ
Ϊ𣿺еˡ
ӱɫЩϣҷҪˡ
ǴӳǵĶҲһ㶼ֻͣڵ״̬ʵǲʣʳգžһ㡣
үˡ
ǲӵģɺѵĿ塣
ðӷˣ棬Űǲǲʣ
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˵ţǰܹӣһɺУһӵУǱҲҪԼеĿӡ
Ҳÿˣˬץǣóԡ
õʲôϣвѵүߴģʱ򣬾ŵζ
ɺĬֻɵĿԵĲֺȫԼүҾ
ɺһ̧ۿϹ
ңΪʲô

˾ɺةǼҲԻʱ
Ӧø̾һѪϵǿ
ϾةڻһͬѪģô£ѧɲ
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ɺ
ڵصǷ
Ҫ˰
Ȼ㶼ˣ飿
ɺ

ɺֹ塣
ٵͷ˿ϣ;ģᣬⶼûˡ
ŮôԶô죿
꣬ϣĿɺ
ɺ֪ʲô˼ˣûԱ
ȥɺ
վס岻ƾʲôӣԲȵ
жԼݵƣϵĵݸ壬㡣
ж˴ǰϦ洫ݸ壬үţڴ˴ҹ𣿡
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ƽֱӲͷóڣߵܣأš
Լͷϵҡǹ͸ҵģ̫͸Ķ
壺
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ӺͬʱȻɲȱǮ𣿡
˵˰Ƕ˽վĸϹҹˡ
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壺
˭̤˵ˣ
ɫƵĿӣղ˵𣿡
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Ҳԣһﲻ˵ҾͱɶˡԲ졣
壺
ô
Ȼķ֣˼ҵ˹ˡ
ԼһҪ룬˵ǧʺ͹ǧ˲١
ǣôȹǧʺ͹ǧܳԵĳԻ

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循ɵĿŵ˼Ҽ죬ôѧ
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ǸѾߣһһ
ֱ棬ֻǹǧֵѾߣԱ˵ʱŮͷҸǧõԵģǧڲ϶ˣҵøõ㣬ǶҪһ԰
У߶ϵġΪԼвĳʵʵ
Ѹװһ̵⣬Ȼڹǧֵߣһʮڵĳ
壺
˿ޱ̫ͬү˵Ļҵ˶Ҫ
ǣ˼ҵҲû
ȫǷ֮ơ
ɺĵ϶ûˣֻϵͳ˯ʱһ˸ɫϡ
壺
ΪʲôҪԼĵôһȺ֮ˣ˰ɣ
ھ͸ҩУɺҲڳԣܶ
ɺġ
Ϊ˴ﵽɳѭ䷹ĿģɺԶиߺķˣԶȸɺϣԼٳԡ
ȻѾ˰ΧȦ
ίʱҲԵһ֣ڣΪӵɺ̫ˣѾȺһ
ʱɺ뿪֮ˣ
ڶƵʹȥˡ
ɺɻ󣬿ƣΪȥʹ췴أ廹Ǳϴȥģ϶ΪŮ˵鱻֪ˡ
ȥ֮ǰˣҪ䲻ĽӽϣȻϵͳó
ϵͳҵĵأ
ʲô
ϵͳɻ漴ϵͳͷ˺޲ǧ
壡̤Ժ󶼲Ҫ˵ˣҸոϵͳƳĹѪӾζأұģΪ˵ҵûˣ
忴ʱ䣬ϵͳÿεƺæϵͳռ涼ͳӰˣ˴룬ΪʲôȺڵԻ
ǲǰҵĵˣ
ÿһΣֻҪϵͳʼϵͳռҪҪڳࡣ
ϵͳװ
ãϵͳʧ
´λָϵʱ䣬ڽСڳʱ򡣡
峤һ侲ڻɱʵ۵ʱ
ô꣬ǣ̰һ뵽Ⱥⶼˣһ鶼ܳ⣬ΪԼϱԱˣųԵɺ⣡
һΪүѾ޷ѹסȺˣҪλλһʥּǴӽԺ󣬲˺Եģ
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һص˾͸öóĬǽĵǶԼ˵Ļ
ʧ䣬뿪ͻȻɺᱧסҪСİ
˲䱻ҾͲˡ
ɺһ壬ҪϵͳңԼˣҾھס
Ӷʱһ飬Ҫϵͳ״أ
Ҳϵͳ
ʧָտɴǰ乬λõģ
ˣɺ֮أ
ߣӣҶԴ˵˾ʮô

 61 

廹ṳ̂Ϣ, ɺһȥ
һ𣿡ɺȻ˰֡
ѵڹ֣
ջϵƢҲǲܡ
ɫ΢΢˳, 㲻µģ
᲻Թ˼ҶְչʵۿԲɫӣǼҹҲʮֿܡ
Ѿ׼ʹǱߵˡ
, Լȥϲˡ
ڻ, »ңطҲ, Բûʵٻڡ
ܷ°ղܡ
ɺһ塣
ûٸжĻر, ɺѾɱ˹˼ҡ
˶ʱͱʹ
ʹ, ɺʶ˲壬ֻˣ
ɺʾһ, ̫үҲһˡ
ͻʹΡ
вٴǻɻ˵ģͻʹ, ̸, ΧҲн
Ҷ֪֪, ˵屳, ǲŵġ
ûˮǹ, ôôСȻó裬ҲǳҲΪɫʧǵ, û̫ӣǰ滹ô̫ӣʵûҪ̫һ塣
ߣ̫һ͹׽̫׺̫ǵǻȻ壬屳ѣжţֻʥ϶Ѹ٣ұҲۡ
ϼ붯˼ңȻûгɹǹ̫үҲ뵽ˣϿֱܻӶ˹˼ңʱҸŪһ
˶ûˣǵ׻ɻϴԲ⣿
˼ҵҲɵӣ˲Ҹĵɺ飬ɺҪȱˣ
ոǿΧ֮£ӳĿԺܴ󣬿Ǵɺδء
ɺҡҡͷϴ٣ҲּܿҽǷģûµģأڹҲԼߣҵʱСĵġ
µģ㿴ҶôιˣǶúõ𣿡
˼ˣ
ɺô˼˵ôΣ
ɺӼ˵ڣͳĴһָͷɣԼûһ
˾˵ȥֻϰĶǺصĹ򣬲Ĺ򣬶Ȼᱻס
˼Ṧõľǹǧ֣ϧΪ׷δӣǧֹϴԼȡ
ǧӭŹ˼ǴߣʾԼҲί֪ôһ죿
ߣԭϵĲصģҪǺһˤҲѾˡ
ɺ˹˼ҵ֮󣬱һˡ
ʵЩġ
ûɺο壬ɺҲЩûףӦòϾǰҪǳˣô죿
ҪӴ˾Ϳ̿
ǸڻҰԼݣɺЩǳ
׷·ϵͳƣôСˣ
һۿʱΪҪСһǰȥˡ
ϸһȥʹ·
ϵͳ¼һ¡
Ķ巢ʡ
ǲر
Щ졣
Ϊ˵ϵͳƽ䲻ףǺܶ໰˵
ȻҪѽСϣҪ֣˵ɹʻɣϽС㣬׼Ķɹܣ
Ϊɺ𣿡忴ɺĥһ
û㿴ϵͳΪ޸ĵϵͳܡ
˵ϵͳͽ̵ʱǰСݡ
壺
ܴ裬ε
ɺϲ仯ʽ𣿡
ǲ̫ˣԺԲʲôɱ嶯ϾֱӸһѪǶ׷ˣո岻ǻͦƽǱ˭̼ˣ
ûг嶯뿳ˡ
忴˿ԼϱͻȻסϱ֡
˳˵Է޴ˣͻ𽥽ӽɺǣǣľˣһҲմȾɺģ
ϵͳ
뷨ãԼԨһ˵ѵûʶ
ʹʱɺȻҲ书ǲ֪ΪʲôȴܵһɱķΧ
ɺĸ첲¶СΪʲôҪԼ׶Ӻ׶ϱأ
鷿ֱ̫Ӵɺȥˡ
˽ȥ֮󣬻ϻ֡
ˣҲûдһ֣ͣ
Ƕ֪Ϊνǹ𣿡
üȻ֪ʣԼ˵ô֪
ɺأҲ֪𣿡ϵķʡ
ɺ޹ĵͷΪһŲŲŮ֪ʲô
Сߣ㵽˭ϾĿ壬Ϊɱ򱱺һң
ΪǸɱأ㵽ʲô֪һԩΪηϣ±˲һЩʲôϢ𣿡˿壬ͻ϶ӡ
ɺĬĬĽԼ塣
һǣһδǣ⻷̫ǿˣ
أεĽΧ˼ңͳд󳼹ᣬ£Ҳ˼ҵϢ𣿡Щ˵һ˼ͨе
ɺۻϣֵͷ
㿴ѹĿɺ
ŷɺ̧ۿ˿塣
ȻǴûѹߡ
ϾҲҪģ
οϵͳһֱڸֱ˼ҵأ
忴˿ԼĬĬϵͳɺΪʲôܾ˵Ĺ£Զڱ棿
ɺΪʲôںͱ˵ͣ
ˡ
ϵͳͻȻʾˣ⻹ʮˣҲϵˡ
ɺеš
͸ɺһһļܣʲô̵ɺ϶Ửһȥ
ϵͳ䣬ͻȻ鷿ݶˡ
һֱ˻ϵϡ
ϱҵͷĿѣ
ɺĿɿڴɺͷ˿͸ݶǸø̾ʹķ̫Ǹ̾İҲǺ
һӦǹ£°²𷣡
ɺ۾
ɺ廰ĵһ˲ͱ۾
֪ɺ˵Ӵ󣬵ЩѪȻǼãеˣʱǽҪɱˡ
ɺЩѪȵġ
նɱһʣ˾ȻݶȻĻ죬Ϊϳ˵ȼˡ
ÿһλ֮ʱԻʹԼİЩֻᱻκ˲߷ЩҲֻͨ࣬ǣÿһҪۡ
ϼ˹⣬ô
û뵽һѾʦ
һݡ
ǻϺͼİš
ͻȻԾɺȥ
ɺ𾪵ߵ鷿ˡ
ɺ
ʹô𣿡
סĵطҲðα
Ҳܷѽ⡣
ʹÿһש϶й֣⣬ʱ򣬹ᱻ壬ûκһ˸ڻʹϵġ
һΣʹ鷿
鷿ķ䲻ʵǷҲʵʵʵľȻϵϵģһ˲䣬ͷ˹ȥϡ
ùֱӱұ⣬ԣϱĻš
ˡ
ڿݼ˵̫һǼٵġ
÷˵ǺžȻϾͳ˹ȥ
ȹȥ֮󣬷ͿҵĲ֪İ
д̿ͣЩ̿ͼıɱϣ
ǶʱҲˣʹķôԵ޹ˣضЩ˶ֽţûϷԸֱѹɱ
塣
ôһһ顣
ݵĶŵ˵±ơ
ʲôûǣͻȻ͡Ӯˣ
ɻĿ˿ԼߵɺԺҪҪ̵ʱҲɺˣ˲̫̰ġ
ɺ壬ѵģ㻹ͦġ
΢΢һ죬Ǿ͡˰ɡ
ϵͳ
˵õĴӲð˹أ
ϱҵΰأٿԼŵİͬһغϵ涼û򣬲ιȥ
ڣΧҲýΧõİٽг
ͻȻɺ
ǶΪܶ
ΪС㰡ƥ˶˻ߣϽʵʵλռλ£ˣǻʵۻۼ춼Ŷ
ϵͳ̲²ۡ
һϵͳɺ˭ŹɥĲʱ򣬾ҪԶĻͳ͡
ϵͳ˵ԶĻϵͳ̳Ѿӵһ¥ɱ޴ÿһͳӶ˳ĳȫ۾ȥҶԿ˶ϹɺСߵľ⡣
ϵͳǰ²ۻϡ
ϵͳϲϣϵͳܶԻԶĻƣ֪ϵͳǲ²ۣ޷²ۡ
ϵͳЩӣǻԾһЩʱʱ˵䡣
ڼϣϵͳڼܾͳתơ
ͷˡ
ĳվſλĻϲ֪иͳƿڴͳӶѾˣȵޣҪȥϷͷ衣
һԴͳϾ
˭֪Ȼʮ궼ʳζͳǼǳģ
忴ϣش˻ϵ⣬ΪֺãڲǽҪ˲ʹһ˳ȥԭҪȥ㣬ǡȺͳˡ
ʼ磬ûʲô˵ʣȫݣʵ̫ˡ
Ļ

ãңң֪ӹ򼫺ãҲѪΪҲһ˭֪Ȼȫû
ϿΧ侲鷿ôԵ޹ˣ޻ɡ
ɺţ弼ܶԻô죿
ûϵڻߡ
͵ؼʱֻ̣ҪѨλ޷ͺá
ɺͷŶĵѨ󷨡
˭֪ϻû˵꣬ͻȻ͵ڵϳ鴤
ɺô𣿡
Ƥһ飬û֡
±ԭصķ޹Ŀ˿Χֵһۡ
ʲôûأ
ɺǲʲô
ѵ
֫鴤֢״񰡡
һҲ뵽һ㣬żѸٽԼ°˺˻ϵȶסϵ죬ûҧԼͷ
ϱͻȻ쳣ʹࡣ
ոɱ֮ʱǵ϶ѪϱһڴѪĲ
ɺСĵĿʵ컹ҪҪԸ˰
Ҫ緹ˣͻȻеżؼҡ
ҡͷ಻֪
˭뵽ϾȻ˵ù
ɺ̿ϧ˰
ŤͷɺͻȻ飬ɺҾгΪĲܣӽ𣬾͸ѧϰ书պһɱУһԴΪǧżѻ
Ҳѧʲôѧʧķ
ѵʷ𣿡ƻɺ
ɺᶨҡͷõһЦҿڼǧװϵͳҲʷ
ûκһŮǧװɣЩ˹̫󣬵ӼҲĸѣҡ
Ρɺ
鲻ƵĶ壬ʲôʱʧ
ϵͳȻڿ
ϵͳǧһҪʱʱ̿岻Ҫ̫ɣ
ҽˡ
ŻϵӣҽϽָǽϴĵ
Ǳˡ
̫Ͻ˵д̿ʹɱϣ鷿ǡˣǾˡ
ڿڲԣֻƴԼĴ̫̫̫֪࣬Լ뷨
Ǳĳסˡ
ϧļģ˼ǵգڵ˶ǵݣҲ޷⡣
һԼҲͲͨΪμȻ鷿
ҽͷǱˡ
Ͽ˾֮зˡ
ɺƻбڲԵӡ
̫һзżˣһӣɵļʵǻ϶ܺá
⣬£һꡣⶼÿԼĻָ
̫üͷһ壬з磬ʵգȻҲ뱻ӿԼѣ޷ƵӣʱǶǬ幬
һϳҲ֪Ƿˡ
ϴ˿̻ǲ̫˵ó̫ҽȸ룬ַԸ˰ҩ΢һЩ
ûߣɺȻ㡣
ɺЩˡ
ɺżεĿŻϣ߰
Ǹ֣ôأ
ȻŹɺ
ҽ֮󣬱ЩЧһȻ޷ߵĿˮҲܺ첻˵仰ˡ
Ͽ壬˵ͻȻ̫ͨ
Ͻ˸ʲôѲҪѺȥʡ
ڵûзܻΪ˱ɺİΣԽһЩڣЩӵĿɺ㾲ͺá
ɺ㿪ģ㶼źˣû뵽ô
ѵģ񵽵ʲô񰡣˵һɺ˻֡
ˡ
˵õأ
ΪʲôôùɺôҲѣ
Ȳ
ңɺˣΪʲô֪
ɺԼġ
ϵͳͻȻ˳
㻹С㣬ʱңԴӽСһжˣСԡΧۡ
Ҳ飡ᶨϡ
Ϊʲôˣ
һֻϸǿʱŻᱻ
˶٣ûԡ
Ҳš
ץͷȪ
ϵͳһը̻
̤ʲôŶ
С֪ˣٺ١
忴۳ݵĿɺͻȻãɺгһ֪࣬ܲҺܲҡ
ܿͽˣֻ߻ࡣ
̫෢㶣ֻ
Ҳ΢΢üͷ
ЦЦϣոٳΪ鷿ȥ鷿֪뾹Ȼ֮£Ͻ˹
ոз磬ҽ˵Ѿ˵¸оΣ
һֲֻΡΡָࡣ
δ
ͳȫΪ˵ʱ֪ˣѾɿˡ
Զˡ
һϲѸߵߣ˵š
桭桭ԽԽż˵ҲԽԽڳݲ壬ˮһţԴӴ̫нӹ
දᣬҲë
֪ɲǳࡣ
¸أƾС˵ֶΣһ·ġ
һϲ࣬ǼܲסֻϵĻģǻҲͣȥΪźϵˮ
ܽݸ̫࣬Ȼס
˵ɾϵˮԽԽ࣬ѹֹס
ϵ࣬಻ϵˮս˵˵Ҷš
֧֧˺ü֡
ҲɵǰϽմϳҪ˵
˵ţͻȻͨˡ
ֱʵϽҲ㣿
ͷ
Ȼӡ󲻴ȻǰһЩЦݡ
ǡ˵ʡ
Ľ࣬࣬Ͻ˵㻹Ͻǰ
һվԶ࣬ĵ˲
ǡϰ۲㷭ȥ
˵ĲǶˣ߻ӣϽǰ
ɺҲˡ
ϻ֪˵
࿴˿壬³֮ʱ˵Ҫ̶ȥѡܲʡ
¸Ǿǳģ˵״Ԫ֮ʱ̽һͨɽ룬Ȼɽǰۺܱ̽Ϊ£ܻΪľЦ˵꣬ʵϿʲôҪԸ𣿡
Ҳ˵£ܵȷףܵȥʱ򣬾оʹģܿԼֶãټϹܵ״ԪʱȤ£Թ¸Ҳ˽⡣
Ŀ塣
ӵı
⣬Ͻջүȥ
壬Щֻүᣬ˷ս³ԽүǷʤΣŹ˼һҲǴ̵֣ǶȥҲɣأ
˭ȥͷʵ۲ֱ໹ڵĸˮͷͻȻòеӲֱֻĵ塣
ʵϿǼǰȥ
ոյĻֻǽ飬ֻұȽϵ˶ѣȻзҲ˻ϡ
Ҳգ˵ǴģضΪϤϼȻүүܲУҫҴ硣
ͷʾԼһŬġ
ŻƺҪ˵
תͷ˵ֻܶɺˡ
ɻĿү̽ʵϿҲһǰȥ
ϵԴܶˣʶͷ
СЩôС᲻¡
Ȼ̫СҲ˵ɪң»Ũʱ
Ͼǻϵ˼Ҳ֣һͬǰȥҲãүոս飬ǷĲʱүߣүҲиο塣
ˣؼʰװǰȥ
ɺͷ
ɺе㻳Լǲǰѻ̫ˣôãϣͷİ
ŭ
ĪҲ˲ɣ
ӣһ˿ŰϽڻңûд£Ĺֻ
Ǳ⼸鳼ƻˡ
һץס
ϵһֱڲ㡭
á
ö񶾡
΢ЦϿǾóźĺãϳԺڻʹźϿֱϻָΣ
ֿʼҽֻ˵֡
šüгסڻʹĵ
סߣʱڣߵ˶ֱţϳҲǣϼȻϳźϳȻûʧһȻ
һֱ˵õĻϡ
Ȼģֿ˿߲Ȼ࣬ͻȻʵϣźΣ
ֻóһź򣡡
ɣ˵һĻ
ˣǾóһź̫𣿡
˿ȻϾӦǶźǶ˱ؼ׼ʹ
ͣ˹ȥ
̫Ͻҽ
ҽ˵ľȣѪӿεġ
ǻˣձ˾϶Ȼŭոջǿţ֮ȻѾۡ
˵Ҳе
˱ûȺúϢĿŶ˵պǶźϣ˼ǿã
ͷǣһߣԷġ
үڻߣҲ໥Լߣֻз粻ǻģֻպҪүʡ
ҪϳҲԣֻǵõӽϸס˿˻ϵա
ֿɺѾûǶˣöȻȥ׼ϵĿԴˡ
л֮󣬱ɺ뿪
ЩĻϣҲǻ֮ˣÿһλ߶й򼫸ߵİ鷿ͻȻ̮̿ȫ
ûǰģȻȫ˹
Ϊȵǲ֪ٴɱȣ־ǣҲˣΪΧŰ
ǴΧԣûзȣҲаȫ϶Ȼ¡
ţΪԼΪһ£ĻȥˣֻҪºϿɡ
µʱǺܿġ
ཻ֮
̫Ӳ˵ʯЧ
̫˿»ֻһһ˰ѳֳǼֱ໥ǣƣƽҲá
˸ƣ߲ˣŻϣؼҡ
ྲ˿࣬ȥȥء
ȻҲżʱǻԣڽգȼйվͻְýһ̷Ȩ֮÷½
Ҫ֤⾩һһ㣬Ȼ֮һֱģҲû˸жԡ
ȷҪߡ
ֻǣ̫࿴˵񣬻Ϊڶ̫ܲ˸Ͻ
ڻϵĴͷǲǸҴһ±ӣٸϲˮƽϽüͷȫ̫κźϵĻᡣ
̫ΣȻźˡ
̫࣬һĶ࣡

ɺЯؼңɺʵϵͳ˵ϻʮʮأ
ˡ
̫ˣ˵ߵİ򶼺ܸ𣿡һС˵棬ܵϰģϾǿİˡ
ΪʲôЩȲأ
벻ӷϵ
ֹĿɺɡ
ɺ⡣
˶Լ㣬ȺȫԹë
ɺ֪϶ԹǶѼʹǼèҲ
̫үµʱֻֻǹʹˣ̫үϿʱ򣬹ûŹȥȥˡ
֮󣬹̫үһǾǲ̫үգ֮è
è£̫үҲҴţϲϲЩ
ʹûйɡ
иոսСӦΪϲӦܳ裬乬죬Լ˴˸С̹ơ
룬СĵͱϷ֣˴Ӧ
Ӧϴ뱣Сһֻ󹫹ͳֻǹӱŰӦϲСΪôӦʹܣԸ˰ι⹷Ĺë
鷿̮֮ʱһǿ磬ë衣˵ʲôҵֻʬ
ɺ
ԶĻħá
ɺͻȻһһϢСһ
СһСӾѪ죬Ǳĥġ
ɺ𣿡ʵ
ɺͷհǴæأɡ
˿ϲԼ´ĹСľ㶯֮ġ
֪ɺϲ˼ֻèȴò׼ɺϲϲС̹ɺС۵ģ䴽ǣɺȻôܺá
Сϵ˿ѾˣɺС۾ûС룬ֻɻʵɾʹ磬Ϊʲôûôİѵʲôû𣿡
˵ĽԼϱ
ӮɣûдչϱأƣĲãľΪʲô˸ʬ³


 62 

ͽּ⣬̫ӱ˱ѵĲҰѾ, ıǹһ, ½Ϊԩ
ǹ˾ּ⣬ʱ, ͷСȫ
һǴܵĴ壬һϤɱ֮ʱ, ȫǼһƬɫѪУ, ҵڻ¡
, Ÿոճ, ͱԴ
˵Ϊò, ӳ󣬶Ȼҳɶõӡ
ɺ
, Ϊʲôעò
ô, Ȼȥòˣ
ɺͷ˿ı, 忴Ƿɵġ
ǿԩѩ
¶ûйı, ıǻϣ, Ȼû취˵˵ҲţʱƵ˴Ӻϣƽʥּûдı˭
ǣӺͱĽˡ
Ҳϻּ, һԩ֮ǰзǰЩӻϻ˼һͬȥ˸£֮󣬴Ӻӱ㱻Ľ
ӺûʲôҪǻ϶зˣҪҲ̫Т˳
߲Ǳؽգһ죬ûϵųġ
ңϲǣᷳߵҪˡ
ݹ˺üս½ŵۣһֱų͢Щɱǰȥ֧ԮҲû취ϡ
˼ҵӦɺ뿪ĵȵɺҪߵʱ򣬹˼ҵ᲻ˡ
ɺҲЩǰȥ
ǾҲû취ǰȡ
ûеôִܺᲢۣ
οǾ˶ÿຮ
ɺ캮ضֻʱ⣬Ȼ͸ɴˡ
ǣ᲻塣
ȥǱֲһӲοһֱھǣȥܵĴúɽҲ˷һɺ¶˾뿪
ɺߵһ죬Ҫǿסᣬǲ֪˭ͷҶ޵Ҳҡ
ԱţҲûвʶȤǰȥŹ˼ҵˡ
Ҳ֪Լɺߣ˼ҵ˶Ȼʮֲġ
̫ү͹ϷҲȻ临ӡ
ڳǱѳסˣةҲȷ͵ĵطڴϣ˶һµġ
˼ҵүܿҲҪȥˡ
˼Ҿ߹ˡ
ɺĺ͹˼ҵϧǱߵһֱżŴ·ִͬһ˽һˣҪǴ˺ʱָҪ¶Ұˡ
һ·ɲ̫ƽ·ϸҰ޳ûǿˣͼѣж
̫үɺҲ֪г̡
ȥɺǵóдţȱʲô˾˵
ϷҲЦЦɺȱˣҾҵĻƴȥǴѵҲ
ӦÿȥȺһҲԳԻ̫үͬ
ɺܳԳϤʳ˼ˡ
϶ⲻǶʹǱߵˣ˵ڣĶǵƽʱ򰡣˵ǻܹȥǡ
ɺͷЦЦڳߴ֮˳
һֱû˵ķɺҪߣǰ̫ҲЩŤ˵磬ɩһ·ƽ
ɺԷЦЦû˵͵סɺӣɫĿôԵӵ棬ЦͬŮ˵
Ͳ
˵ŵ۳顣
ΣΪʲôǶԳô󣬱ͰҲ̫ˣŮճ˵˵Ҳܼϣ
죬תһ룬ⶼҪˣɺһӣû
籣ء
ͷϽúøɣôʣôһľԴ־ڵģ
壡ڴɺһǳ⡣
̱յɺߡ

Ҳðɣǵ˵ڣҲǺͱѧģ
ӻǰ
ǿŵЦ˲Ϳˡ
ǧͻȻ˼룬үҪǻɺô죿
Ѿ˽ѵӦˡ̫үЩûһûǿүô죿
үҪǺɺϷɺӣô죿
̫ү
ɵó鰡
Уɺл
̫ү׷塣
廹Ϊ̫үʲô飬̫үд֤飬֤ɺӡ
壺
ôһСʱ䣬˼ҵʲô
ڹ˼
д˱֤顣
˿̸оԼͷ·ɵĴ֡
ӱ߹ػһ飬ȥѹ˼ң֤ѳ˵
ɺ뿪ҵǰһ黹Ǻ꣬ϾûԶţһܾôԶңŴһڣ´ٵõǱսƽһЩʱ
ɺҵźá
Ϊл˲أʳԼһЩҪ彻ĳвƥȵȣӴоǻ
ʱˣ˻ķ֮һ
ȻѾ׼һ൱ɺ˯ܹȦɵɺġ
ܿ죬ͷ֣ԼĵǶġ
ɺ֮˶˷ܵġ
壬쿴Ǹ̲ģȻôһƬ̲
ɺִʱ򣬾ûȥϿ˲ߵƬԭùԣٵʱȥ棬˭֪⴩ˡ
û룬ջȥ
·ϣǲϣģϾǰ羰ǿõģڹŴȻȻûпľ㣬˺ܶԣܶÿĵطҲȥ
ǣ⾰ɫǰϿƯˡ
Լˡ
ĳ⿴һۣһ춼಻ĸ̲
⣿
ÿ
һģһľɫһ죿
е㲻̫Լˡ
ھǱĶң
Ӧġ
ǹӦĸɺľЦǺǡ
ԭεεﻹЩ֮ǰ˵ȢӣҶţôŮӿϲĽ
֮˵ɺ֮ʱҸǵģˣүȥЩ֡
ʵ֮ǰҲֽƢǧ
ô˵ġǵŮֽźƢ󻹲
˭֪ȴôơ
Ȼȴܻá
үǳʶȤˡ
壡Ⱥð׺ðףúÿһߵơ
嵭ۣǽԿȫȥͷ
ۣǸںڵţ𣿡
ǸζҲζһЩͷһԡĮ
壡ǸʲôӣҺȥϴ裡
ɺһС˴档
Ǹˮ̵ģһ߽
㿴ýʵرԶǹȥٹٵõʱ䣬ôˣһɣʵĮ˯ˡ
ʹ飬
һԵСȥˣү˰
үϲΪ˹ĥɡ
ЩΪʲôɺ飬Ӹ̲ɳĮɺҪһ£ɳӽˣɺɵĸɳӺϸ
оԼûÿա
еıʿȫԼ۷ˡ
ʲô
ò绨ĵҪǣû
˶Ծǵ˶̫˭˵ľŮĻһ紵ˣ
үĲ£˰ݣⶼȱ˺óԣһĺȢǵŮӣ˶ڮپŮӣ
ĺӣѾȫԼҲǸӣ֮ǰֵǵĵ٩
Ϊһ·ţΪ㣬ԴҲȱԵģɺϵͳһ˵ϣζڸȥζĸʣΪŴţǳŲݳһ㼤ض
ǰȥţֶǴӦʿţָƣĶţ򣬳˻ζ
̶ʱ䣬ɺѸշʿ
ȥʿǾǵô
ʿۣǽӣԺҲݽҪݽӣ

һ·оʱ䣬ԤƵһ»ҪһЩҪǶδȥʿڶ࣬ҴĶҲ࣬·ⵢʱ䡣
һµʸйȥ֮ɺѵõˡ
Ҫǰɺ̫˷ܡ
֪Ǻ𽥸ˣҹ̫ɺ˺ü꣬ɺźü϶ûϢ
ˡ
֮ǰȻҲ㲻ҹҹӲͣҲһ£֮ǰŵ׼
ȻҲһζ岻Щ
ǣԼԼ˯ܿ԰ɣ
˭֪Լÿ϶̽ԴȥǣʿǶ֪ˣ󣬽ʿǻɺõطָͦãоĽʿɺʲôʱܿǡ
ֿʼˡ
ʿѵûпԼĽʾǰͣڿǵĵط
ͻȻɣѵھǵһʱĽʿȫ
ǣôӵɺﰡ
ɺηԽԽ䣬ɺҲή࣬ĿĻ
ˣ
ɺͷҪ߶ã
ɺĵطһţӵɺ
ϰ䣬±͸ߣɺ廳ڸо
һ£˵ԼͿԣ֮߿һЩ
û£ֻʣҲˣͲߴңҿҶۡ
ã棬ʿǿɶߣҪأÿճ·輲кܳһ·ɺҲټӿˡ
ͷɺĶͷùൣǡ
ɺϥ˵Բˡ
ھǵʱܾⲻԣ˽ӽһµ֮ɺھС˼ֱʳð
ɺ֪Ӹոտʼܳϲ˵ʱΪʲôȰЩˣʿǶȰһ㡣
ڣ֪ˡΪûˣ
˱ģ
忴˿ΧҽȥһΧûֲˡ
ɺҲ֪ܿͽ͡
ﱾס˾٣ʮҲѼһ˼ңɽҲͺͺģһЩ֮಻ܳԵӲݣѼߴľ
ңǿңɺϵͳһһī
ϧϵͳһĵȻʹãǱ˿ӣȻʿǾͲᾪΪʲôÿնֱ̫ң˿η塣
Ϊ
ڷɹ˪ɺͱˣȻϵͳ˵ˣɹڵˣһɹƤУȫ׶ϣ
µŮ
ŵʱ屧ǸĶɺ˵һ·ûũҲûҰ˿ɳԣɺա
ɺԱ߳ſȣ˵µ룿
Ȼǰ룿
ɺһš
岻ΪȻɺ̫СżԼԼһۣǰʲô
ɺȻһЦǧװ
ɺͷ˿һۿȥ治üĿꡭ
ɺǿŤͷڵأ
ǰǲ̸ˣԸɺ룡
ڡɺݺݵ˵ҪÿһʽĲˣ
ɺ˫ȭԼͣҿԵģ
ϵͳҲȭ
ѼС㣡
壺
ɺûȥڳԾͰˣϵͳҲʲô
ܣ˵ҽȥȥ򡣡
һүĸ
ʲô֮ʣ
һ·ү˶
үˣỵ̂
үڻȥ
ҪȢӣ϶»ˣˤˣ
үȢôõȻ
飡
ıɱ
ү˴ˣ
صĽһ飬ûҶϡ
󣬸ʹǵ뿪
壺
Ǳ˰ɣ
Ҫıɱ
Ǳߣ塢ɺϵͳ˵ۻڼ
Ϊʲôֲ˰ϵͳأҶˣϵͳ̳гǿӣ涼ֳﻹأ϶ԣ
ɺһСɵӲϵͳ
Լļһ
Ȧģ
ÿζɵվڶȦ棬˵Ҫ౻Σԣ
˼˶Ȧƴܣ嵹ãҪԡڶȦģţӮ˶߳ܣ
˰Ȼ֪ũҵҪԣʳԸ㣬Ͳ̫ǣսҲ˳
ûֳ˵ֻڱ֮ϰɣ
ùԼûϵͳ
СҪֱֳԹ
壺
в
ԹǲܵģҿԸֱһᱻεݡ
ϵͳ
С㣬ɫ
ɺ𾪣ôôɥĲϵͳǸӰ
屻˫˫ָ𣬶ʱˣŲ˵Ͳ֪٣
ϵͳ˵ˣͳ壬һų꣬껹ǸĺӣϸΪҶʧĸˣ
ϵͳȵϹڵ׶ˣ
С㣬ﻹкöӣ㵽ʱ֡
ɺϵͳռͦģʲô඼УɺƣôôӰ
Ҳˣ֮ǰһֱûôһģ
һοϵͳġ
һεɺ˿ḻӿ⣬ɸ̾
ϵͳ˵ཱˢ³
ɵйϲõ˱ȫ绹ĲƲ
˷ϲϻۣӵ¡
ս񣺹ϲ־ֻܹݳ
ɺ˿ĬĬͷװ·塣
ôҪõ嶼Ҫݷô꣬ҲҪôҵͯ꾭һ߰
ϧõǡ
һ߰пӵӰۣʮ֮һнʣõùŶף߽ϵͳء
һθܵϵͳĶ⣬һΡ
ݺݵϵͳ
ɺԶһЩһĵùȾô죿
ҪԲ˵ˣ
ҪũѪ
Ȼɺң
ɺйԭء
Ķϳ

ʲô
ү˰
ʹļף
ȥһӣƵƵͨϵͳɺ˸һ£ԼУ涨Ȼ˼ķ磬ɺһô죿
ɲ䣬ɺ
ԣ
Ѹ³ֺԺĽɺ˳
ϵͳ˵
⿪Ľգ
԰ĿڲһְļһԱգ

岻֪ɺʱѲҹĸ̲סҵ˻ᡣ
ᣬһ顣
Сأʱˡ
ȻʲôܣѵȺʿ˰ļ˽㷢
еĶүµ𣿡
΢΢㶡
᲻˵ʱа̾ʴ˰
ү˵ģȻش⡣
˭֪һԵĻᣬͻȻһס˸֣Ҳɡ
ھǵʱѾӵʺţƫƫǸᶨվүһɵӣͰȫϡ
ڼ˺ĻһͲӯˡ
ȻƽնԣδǱľˣ޲ýʱȫˡ
֪үʱ򣬾ÿСʯӴ𣿡

ү
ү鼮һ硣

ү
ү鵱ûԲ
Ǳ˵̡
ү˰
ү׿ĵ㣿
үȳ
ҡͷ
Ҿã治˵үĲ̫УΪԼȱݣ͸ɱΨһ֪
쳣Сĵ˵ԣԺҪҽҵһүҽβһҪȥôһҽ
ͷ˶ʱͶ˷롣
ͶСɽͷŻ͸˵ͷԽԽô֪͸ϵôأ
˶ȻҪ̡
Ҳ˹ȥ˵ʲô
ΪԼһӪүȥǾǴȥģһֱүˣ˵˵үǲĵģ
ǲǻ˵ʲôˣ̾˵Ҹ˵үرү϶ûУүһģжӣᡣ
ҹϸ˰˴治Ļ᲻˵
ʱͲˣúѲҹ֪ҥ
ôܶεϲңرϲңάԼϣ
ǸҪӵˣ
϶ɺϲģ
˵꣬־ҪԼһӣָͷ˵Ҿֻϲôһ㡣
ȱȻһָָ̫˴ĴָɴȻһһ׵ĳȣô㣬֪𣿡
֪ˡɺڣ塣
԰ţǰˡ
ֻôϲ
Ժˣ
ӽӲ漴˵֪ôǶ𣿡
쿪˫ӵգҵô㣬ǵô࣡Ҷɺϲ֣Ǹ޷ҶôȰ
˵꣬͹ȵܵɺߣɺҹ㲻Ҫ磬С
ƤϽɺ
͸һ˰
ոձһͨɧİӣϹ˵үⲻǳôϲء
ʵǲ˼ӵգ˸һۿľ롣
ۿ˵ϹİүȻôһ㡣
ĻȭͷأȻһĵһ㶼ֲ
Ͱһۣػõ
Բү֣
֧˰˵ҾⲻǸ鰡үһɥĲ֣Ҫô죿
˵ţ洫ɺĻҪˣ
Ͻȵĸɺ磬ϱϴұ֤ԺҲǰôڮˣʶԼĴ㿴ҲܲͲҪĥԼҸůůҿɻůˣɺģһԣֲԿ
ɺ䣬ôôࡣ
棬ɫһݣ㿴үھͼ
Ҳ鼫ء
ΪǸԼĶеĺӣٸү˼빤үþۺɢˣٸһ΢ġ
ͷԼǡ
̽սˡ

Ҳ֪ɺЩҹ磬ɺˮڱˣڶ죬ɺ˾ͲģɫҲ԰˲٣Էȥ棬˷ιɺ

ⶨȻүֽţ
ȵ
壺
ܾԼ֡
Ϊʲô˵ʲôĭڽ
һʲôʱҲЩ秵ĻˣõŮˣҸ˵ף
ҿɲϲͳŮ˵İɡ

嵱ô£Ҫ嵱ﶼУ߱
ȵȡⲻص㣬ѹûǵŮӡ
үƫˡ
ҵ˼үעһԼ

һϣɺ΢ָһЩ
⼸շ࣬䣬ɺϳԾͺá
ûɺЩʳļڼڵƮƬţ⣬ůθʳ
ֻǣɺϴգʵߡ
ֲɺֻøɺ˺

԰׵ǽֽһ
ոռʱϻѪɫİ
Ҫ˿ˣ֪öѹ
ԱߵĸɺԤ룬ɺ߹ؿвŮӰĽҵģ㵽ʱҪҳԴס

ô֪
ⶨȻүĥֶΣ
úú
ɺȻͣɻתͷ壬˭
˭һ˵Ĳۣ˵ԺǺýã²ˣ
һֱҲ˵ˣû뵽߹ؾȻС㣡
üͷʼ롣
벻
δǹЩŮӵա
忴ŲͣԱ߻ƵĸסʵǸｫҵŮӽʲôţ
ү˵ʤУ
ԣͷɺҪȥǵʱ˵ҪһֱңҪСĵ
ɺôȻ򲻹ЩϲŮӡ
ȻȥɱʤУֻǣｫҾôһŮɱ˺Щ֣ǲɱһʤΪ۸ɺô죿
ȻʤиԶϱ
һٽһʯǸţ
ԱԼͯԶ̧ͷɨ壡
嶨ȻʲôʵֵĻ⣡
忴˿ԶСӣɵͳ˳飬ʵǲΪʲôСȰԶϧְԼ游ĿҲҪ׷Զȥ
ʵǶסÿ³ԼӵһǣҵĶ
Ӳġ
¶竣˵ȥǧʵѾߣ͵͵˴ˣùǧָӿǣӱڼ̹
ô£ֺУ񶺹Ѫأȥˣ
֪үΪʲôֵԶ
ﰵһүүĵܵܣһĬϽСкүݺˡ
һ·ү˵ܵܵĻ
ֻеɻ󣬡үʤкӶˣ
ɺ̲סЦˣ˵ĸôϹ
ңǱ˱ż˵𣿡
̫ˣ
ǰүڵʱץǧɻǧò׺ﻨǰһСᣬүͷǵȥң֮ڶ죬ǧ͸Ͻף˾ͽˡ
ʮֿ϶Ķ˵˵Ҫ޵رġ
ֻһ£еµ˵˻Ļ
壬
үɱٵˣ˼ҺӶˡ
㶼ˣ
Լϵİɣ
ȥˣ
ɺдЦˣؾһҪͳһúЦһЦ
ڵĵһѣ˾ӪȺһһ֣
йǧʺ͹ǧֲ֣

ֻǣϣɺ͵ЦЩ磬ӣɺӻҽϽɺ˿˵Щ纮壬ʱ򣬴˲ٲҩϽɺȡ
ΪоɺѾһϢãɺȻȥ廹ǻ·ǲ޻ϣʱεһ㡣
͸ļЩɺøϽúϢ
ãϾҪˡ
֪Ȼ˵ţǻȫȥӭӡ
Ҹ棬˵үǶ˵ˣүȻУ
Ƕôǿܽү
ֻǣҲԵݣӪʱɺոճҩƤ̧
Сĵıɺ
´ҳɺԽʿǱ˸ʵҽأ
ʡҸϽÿ·

 63 

үˣҽɺʹǰȥɺµĳ಻ɵüͷһ塣
Щ, ѵ𣿡
ɺҩ, ţҽĻ, ̧ƤƤǧһ, ɺҲЩѵԼʹ˾һ, ҲӦߺεĵ
ǻȥĻ, ͺü겻ܺˡ
ⲻǹؼ, ؼò׳Ϊһ־˵㣬ʵô
עֻܳΪһԳԺȺ, ǵŮˡ
ǳϽ
ҽֹ, ͦÿС, ô͵Ϲë
ҽʹļ, ˭ð, ôͼ˸еģ
ǳ˳飬ͷ, 㲻ҵʲô
ϾҪˣ˼ͦࡣ
죬ҽŶʮҽϣ֪֪ʲôļˣͲѧϰһ𣿡
ߣ, Ҫǿҽеãʹͷˣ
ĸ򿴵˹ˡ
ҽɺӦǵһ·ŵµγЩѪҩ֮󣬱ָܻ糣
˿
еĶа취𣿡
˵ţ֮ǰҽоһЩ˳
˵Ǿ֮ǰɺҽܽĶص㣬ɺеĶһֶж֢״ɺȣһģһ
ҽüͷɺϸеĶȷӣ֮ǰҽչ˵ĲҵĶν⣬ôҩɸ
ҽӹϵĲֽҽоͦ࡭
˿ҽ;òԾҽһǴҽҽ飬ǰĳɹˡ
ȻĵͷԷһҪ©ʲôȥãǷţһһأҲðʱ䣬̫ˡ
ҽ
ԣүʶүôȱµ鶼ܸɵӦɻ˳֣ʵ硣
ǲ֪⾩еĲҽö
ǲҽ̫ҽԺеҽɵˡ
һȥ̫ҽԺնܣˡ¼˸ճҽˣӣֱǻȳɾķ·ûסһ㡣
⻹˵ģܿ죬ҽͼҪɺҽ˾ˣȥɨӵʱ򣬲ŷˣ
ҽѪ
̫ҽԺҽǼ̫ࣺ
Ƕˣ˭Ͽ
಻ɵöȻƽտżΪף߻ôǣһļ̫ҽˣϻýŲ
˭õֻǿҽɷ壬ɴһӣȫأ
ôණȻҽǸİ
ҽǰǽҹڵĶȽǱߴģүֱӴõҶ԰󡣡
ͷ
ҽǲߣɻʵ㻹ʲô˵𣿡
˵ƳաʳΪ졣
ᣡ̴ҽʲôᡣ
ر𱿣ģ
ҽӵĿ塣
㿴ʲôĪ
ҽ۽޸ողһµɺֿɺҪѾߣ޹ЦЦүľͺá
ѾôĨ
Լİĵ̣ȻүΪʲôڸϺȣ
үǾõԼĵ̣Ʈ
УھҪȥ˼ң˼Ҳбģ
ù˼Ҵү
ɺڴϢղŲָ
ָĵһ飬ɺҪԼ룬֪϶˵ʲôУ
ҲҪĨ壬ȫ¶֪岻У
Ĩˡ
˵ɺˣµķȫϹ̽ɺ
ܿ죬һӶķǸˣЩܵĲ죬ûܼССڵˡ
ɺ˱ΧСԶԱѾ˵ӣ
ԶҪģǿŸոѣ֪ŮײУϻŵ֪ЦݵɺԶˣҪǣ
Զ㣡
һʱѧԺѧԶҲǰǸֻ˵ִˣڵʤβֵĴ
ˣǺᣬ˧˳ݣ
һ˵ģ
Ҳ˼ԶˣҪΪθߣ߱Ƚǿңҵһ㶼е͵ĸԭ죬һӼôװ۵ĺӣǱͷĵĸһ˲ͿƲסˡ
ǺƯ
ʤΪŮеλߵǸɺ۲һʱ֮ʤʵǲ⣬ʵ㳤òŮսϳˣΪʲôҪԼ޸ʲôеү
ʤп˿ڣڳĸҲˣһһȺ鼤ߵ²ۡ
԰Ƕû뵽үУ֪ϢʱǶΪˡ
ɷȥ͵Ǵ¹ףǴүһë˼ҳ¹֮ںӶʮ˸үǵԻ¹͸Լֵܣˣ
ǿһƬⰡ
ǲǳ¹׻УҸ˵㻹ǷɣжǣҸһҿɫĺҸܵˣ㾡ܷģ
Ҳкõѡҽܡ
ɺ˼˵õĴӪأ
Ȳ˵֮ǰĵı֤ŮҪҳԷɴס
˵˵ȫĸһ壬˸޷͸
⡭²Ĳ֣ҵȷšһ
ɺߣӴһԼˣһͦõģ
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ʤоԼҷǴȫ͵Ŀ۵ȥԭˣԼҷֵҹ֮ʱҹģϲʲôӣүᣬ

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ոպõе, ŵݸɺ
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һǳûϷˣûϷΪʧĲأ쳣ҪǺвϵͣҪһɱĳ

޻ǲ嵽þӪըӪģըӪҲиźţʲôûյеļǲҳ浱лŻʿ뵽ʱһĻŵĻ
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ʱǲܺԿϣҪܱܵĻʵ۲УҪڲԭϷչԼĲ壬ٶ̼Ĳ壬Ѱṥܡ
ʵҹǾӪըӪ֮ʱľӪʲô
ԭҪ̵ģӪӦҲܽŲǡ
յɱķΧ׾ͻᴫȾΪʲôӪһûУ
һûУ
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ѧү̫ͻأάүүѾˣ͸ҪάһõҪүô죡
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ÿһõսƷؾÿһʿƴԼүҪ̫ͻأҲΪʲôߵСֵԭ
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룬˵ɺжˣȲ鵽ɺ˺ֶҪõ˽ҩγɺͶ

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ֻһ㣬ڵӪܿ䡣
ɺյʱӪܳƣ˭֪һս˶׼Ͱ
˭֪ͻȻӮ
ԭѾ׵ŤתȻǱȲɺ
ϣʧ˴˴ˣ˲սڲ˶ڲϵսһʱ򣬸Ǻɫ
ңȫѵոǣǰÿѵٲ̬ȶġ
Ӫʵ̫ˡ

Դɺֹ׳˿ͻط֮ӪΪˡ
Լķ˼ҹ룬ռ񣬲ȢϱƾʲôĴûȣȺһȴҪϱķɣ
ƫƫϱҲֹóԾͳˣ
ôСүÿնԼԱա
ôôˣ
ܿħ⡣
ÿգֻѵһСӲܳԵɺֵĲˣиֵϼӳֵ
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˭޷һΪʳʲô飡
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ǰɺɣ
̨ˣ
ţȫɺⷢӣǳԣ
ʹ࣬ѵ
֪ɺּСʱǾ͸öˣ

ɺҲԼĿա
дϵͳжһķɹ˪Ҳ֪岻ãƽߵﶼ˸ɡ
Ǹһ·Ѿ߾Ͳһˡ
ˮºϼȫɹˣģ쳣ʹˮϴܡ
ɺŲоͽѾͻؾǰɣܲΪźӲɹ
ĹѾӦԸҲҪ뿪Լӡ
ɺ˼ڤһ֮󣬾Ʒɹ˪
ǵǰܶ˷ɹ˪֮ȥԭͲٳɹ˵ķӦ
ôƣɺϵͳȥͳ̳æʡ
ϵͳȥˡ
һ˵ʮ֮һ˵ĽСѣͳӶĽǰ
ܿһڻױƷ˾ǳɷֿأڸȻױƷͳӳ֣ҹһ򵥵ķӣԭϵͳ̳ھͿԶһҲߡ
ҲҪõʲôִֻҪЩ˽Ϳˡ
ɺǷ֪̾Լ
ɺϽһԭϣҪ˼
忴ɺϵͳһĴ䣬ɺĴչȥһڣҳԡ
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ŶͣˣɺԶһЩҪʲô
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ͰԶˡ
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ǣûüܰ

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µĿǰİͰ
ŵһ񶾵Ķ
ҪԶһЩɹڡ
ҪҪҲԣɺ壬ϵͳ˵, Ϊûӷԭ, ɹ˪Ҳֻܱ¡
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Ϊ, ɺܿ˷ɹ˪, ɺ̫ȷЧɺԼС, Ѿôҡ
úõ, һΪǻ, ǻھȥ
ˮºϼ⼸һֱɺɹ˪, ѾָĲˣֱĨɹ
˵ûʲô︺, ֱӾĨϣ
һܹȥ˵ûɹˣˮºϼ˻࿴ŶԷҵɺʵ, 㿴ǵǲǱˣ
ү㿴ǲǣ
ɺۣ˵ɹ˪Ч
ɹ˪ҪɷǶѣɹЧͲֻͿ֮һЩƣɹɹڣƸ˲ʲô
Զ֣صĵͷԶԾˮºϼеƿԶһЩ
ԶһκͬһӪħ
ΪʲôĽ㣬ȻħĶ
ˮºϼõɺԶĿ϶˶ϲ̵ġ
Щ죬һķǶĨʲôȻˣǺҲҪˮ֪ɺǱ߻к֮ܶ࣬ǰɺ˵ܾ÷ţҪһЩ
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˶ͶŵõģԲܷŻ
ˣɺҪʿƴǲ̫ˣȥգԺ±ѵʱܴɺͻΧǼˡ
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Ҳ֪ԼҺԺѾ˵廹ָŴѵ
ѵջôֵ߲ˡ
һޱŽһۣҲ̫ˣȻõȥ͵͵һɺֳģӦöĲŶԣ
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˲˵ķǸү磬ҶСȥԼү
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ѵҪ˷ѵ
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Щ˻˽
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а
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ͬľʵǿߣÿϢʱ򣬾óСӿʼͿĨ
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ҪȥսһڣԼҶȫװ׾ԵԲϾͳ˰
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֣֪, Ĵɢɹ˪ҥԡ
ɢ, ɺ, ôҥˣѵɹ˪û𣿡
вʿал, ˵ɹ˪ʮãͿĨ֮, Ƥǲˡ
弰ʱǾ, ҪǧеĻ
ҺɺϵĿ, ȻҪԼˡ
Ҫ٣ɺڴ
һɹ˪Ҫҵ
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˵ţൽԭ, ս˾һƥ
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ͷ, δ, 뿪֮ǰ, ͺܵ, ȻһʱڣѾΪһ
Ҳɲ򡣡ɺһ
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ɺǳĿԼķɹ˪ѵҪôɹ˪Ż𣿡
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ڹ˼ҵʱûܹôί
šüͷϼѾѸٽҽӴק
ҵĺӻûεҽ󰡣
ȺѾԼֲˣˣʵǹ֣
Ȼûа취ˣ
үģżʲôҽ¡
үҹһҹˮӾģҲ֪ǲˡϼż
һɺҽҲӿ˲罻֮ƽҲҪպ̿ůôչģ
ҹүˣմˮүѾҲڣ֪үϲҲΪġ
ҽȥɺѾߣ𽥷˸ա
ô죿ޱȺڡ
֪ЩʿʲôС˼۵ȴɺ
ţҽҲûɫȸҩӣеҩǱҲûˣϽȥ򡣡
ٶ౸Щ̿ӻůһ㣬ҽ˵ţƿɺƤ˿ɺ۰ףˣһֱ¶ȱȳ˸ߣЩѾͷߣůů
ߣ򺩺ռǣǺڣرڣԺһϱĻϱóԾͲԣһڶԡ

 67 

ɺȥֻǵջǷ, ɺľ
ͳԱС, ͻȻ뵽ǰ忴ɺѪ䲻ĸ̾˵
, ˣЦˡ
ĺܲ, ˶Ҳʲôʲô
ʱ, ͿԸȥĶ, һ·, һ·ϼѣ֪ٳ˶, ȴȻĵ
֮оܶص, ûг顣
ҹҹ˯ž, 嶼ֻΪ޷˯߶鼫, ҲӰľ
Ϊ֪ܻʲôʱ, һ⣬Ҳһ򲻻, 뵽ȥ
һŵˡ
վҲûʲô£彫ֵµĻȫ˼Ͻרĵչɺ
ԣһֱϰչɺЩʱ, ǵӦ֡
ɺƣ㶼øɻңû𣿡
ûаΪյԵʣһֱЩ彫ɺڻɺůţȻ˵ҲûʲôҪ顣
ңҶϣ˵չɺҵȻû
Щ죬ɺĶ˾˻Ҫ˴ɺҪǿɺˡ˼һ̵ģϽ
Ͻ͵͵˹۲ǧʺ͹ǧСһﶼѾô״ˣ
Ҫǹ˼ҵ˰ô죿
¸ߣɺϲĻɺһĶӣƽˡ
֪Լǰնж𣿡
ʵ˵岻֪ǵĲеʱˣȵѹʱѾɣʲô鶼ûˡ
ͷԺˡ
û£ɺЦЦʱǲNɪˡ
ͷɺɺӾûܷ纮Ϊչ˷纮Nɪʲô
ɺֱ壬ûˣԺҲ̫СˣΪ˺Լ
˵ˣЩˣժ˻ٳϵͳӻô࣬ϵͳӳֺ߲ܿ죬ɺ˵ţ̲סֵ˵Ķͷ
ԹԵɺ䡣
Ժˣ忴ɺ˵㵣ˡ
šɺЦЦûӡ
ߵʱ򣬻ǺܴģһӾ֪Ҫʲôˡ
úϢֵͷɺĴӪ鲻õģнǶҵġ
岻㲻ʵʱ𣿡ɺ档
εΪʲôԷô
üͷ壬ǰгҪжһʱοεʱǶûκζڣ͸ֺá
㲻ùЩ飬Ϣͺˡ˵ţҪͷһɺ
ɺס촽ˣˣСİѲ㡣
ǵ㲡ܹ˭ô˵ţȴɺĻûɺֻɱɺû֡
ɺǾûϵˮҹַ纮ˮºϼȰһ磬Сˣ̫£û
ʱԼܻû뵽Լٵ
ҽ˵ˣյȥæɣˮ¶Щůžͺá
Уҵÿ㣬࣬ɺ˵̿Һã
ɺ
ðɣãС̫
ΪʲôжôãȴҪô
ɺҽ˵ҪƳҩˣֻһЩҩģңͷɺŵͣȵˣӦþͺͳ졣
ӦҲһͲɽˡ
ɺ۾һҪǶܽͷĴʯͷҲˡ
˯ɣҿ㡣ɺͷɺ˶Լ
ɺһ˯˹ȥ
ϵͳû͵һͼͳӵ̳档
Ҷҳˣǲһ㶼
ôĳ
ͳӷ׷׸
˭õһԼιȥĳˣ
˭õΪԷûС㲡ˣ
иոλ̫Щͳӣɻʵ
ΪʲôСôС糤ô˧źȴӣΪʲôô˵
ͳ۾һ
ҪССĿǰҵ߶еķǳ˳㲻Կʧ
ͳǷ׷׿ʼԼģҪ۸
ǰ˧˧Сʷճͳӣ
ҪԸҾ㡭
ϵͳ˷Լͳӿռ䣬Ȼֻ߲ӡ
ͳڴĿϵͳʵ
ǲǶ˺ܾõͳӣǲǺܶö
ϵͳʵ
ﶼʲô
ͳЩһͼƬ
ҵֵһ㣬˴ֻǧƽ𡣡
ϵͳ˿ԼǺöӣ¶ıԼ
һЩ֪ͳʵ̲סˣϵͳ˹Ϊǰʱģͳӿɺصݡ
ԭѧֵߵС㰡СӶֳ϶ɶһܸߣҲͣѧΪʲôҪСøҰ
ͳӸжѧԭ
ͳǣ
ϵͳְ֣иʵͳ
ɧ˵֣

Ϊչ˵ԵʣɺεǺõĻ죬ȹһܣҲˣֻǣҽɺڴŲҪɺٸ
ɺһǸϵĲˣ˵ʲôʲô
ɺģʱʱɺ
Ȼ󣬶˾˾ˡ
һ˵ҵӪϽȫյһ𣬡ҽ˵ǲܳӣǵʱôүԲȥ
þȫͱˣǼ͹˼ҹϵõġ
˭Ҳ죬ͽְ
Ͻ׺ݵ꣬˲йĵܵȰ𣿡
ǸӶûȰ˵ΪʲôҪԼĶǾӪǲˣ
ҪǸ״ô죿
ܾ޳Ҫˡ
ҵȻˣҵһͶͬ൱顣
ͬôƴἰһսϹĽ飬ҵûиĵ˼ξ·ߣչģҸŮ˺ЩСͺóԵġ
ɺأȥ
ҺòһˣͲʲôˣ´ģȥŮһת۶ûˣҲ֪ˣõôˡ
ҵ˵ţ뵽ĲףҪүҲúչɺ
ҵһ
صĽеĴһš
Ͻһ⡣
о̫
ҵҲӪˣӪڲûʲô仯ɺӦүǴסŰɡ
ҵԼ˵̬ȣֱӾͳסȥϽϽڹҵߣɰͰ͵Ŀүɺĺá
үرϲŮֵĲˣ
Ͻͷ
Լˡ̶ֳȵϲ
ΪʲôҵŮҪֲأѾŮԿڲ˶Լֵĳ̶𣿡
ҵ⣬ҵʹɺöʲôӣ
үŮķɹ˪˺ö˵ս
ҵ͸ˣΪʲôŮÿҪô飿үôŮɱأ
Ͻ
ˣôԽԽڡ
˼˳Ů񫡣
ҵ˵ţѾߵǰ
ˮºϼ⡣
үˮºϼүʱ򣬸Ͻ֪үҪ̽ɺû뵽үȻ֮硣
ɺأү˵ţɻĿɫѾˣɺϢ
飬νɺ飡
˵ţͻȻүɺЦ
ڻ˵͵͵ģ˵ʲôɺǱ嶺Цġ
ү˿ԼļһŽûãϲһֺ
֪ҵΪʲôոջǻðɣ˿ȴЦݡ
϶±ơ
ȻѾˣҵЦЦǣӪҲ̫ƽ˵үϵıүѾܸˣƽվͲҪ̫ҪˣϢ
ɰͰ͵ЦЦˮºϼ𾪵ĿԼҶү
ǶҪɶүǲɹļˡ
үȻүΪһ֣˾Ӫ飬ЦŸͣ
үڵӣԶүӡĹˡ
үүȻǹһ㣬ļԸȥԼӵĻģЦأ
һ㣬ĻǿԵġ
ֻǣӪĽҲܺãһʱЩ˻Ƣ𱬵ĺܣҵǵãԼʱ˴˸Ѫͷֱ
ڣҺͻȻͿʼˣ֡
ҵˮ˵һԼҪȥ
ҵȥʱѾ˰׼
Լûϵڹ˼ҵʱ򻹰ʲô
˼ԺҪһˣֲ飬ˣס
˭֪ҵһЦĺǺơ
ɺűӣɻĿԼҶ˾ˡ
˾ʲôʱӡôˣ֣ڼҵʱҲûö˾˺ϵð
ҵȥʱɺڴϣֻɸޱ
ЩŨҩζ
Ѿǲ̫ҿͨ磬ҩζɢȥ
ҵϰζɺոյ˼ҵʱ򣬹˼Ҳζ
˵ҽѾҵ˿ڶԵķڵĶϾܽˣҵЦǺǵɺ
ɺͷ
ԣү
ҵƵĿɺۣЩɫ
չ˵Ҳԡ
ɺ⼸屾ͺˣֻΪ˹Чûгţҽڸɺù̱Ԫҩټϸոɺű嶺Ц϶˼ֺΣңЩɺϢĺܺãŵ״̬
±ƣ廳ɹҵʲôУѾ˱׼ҵڿ
ˮºϼ
үһǱ˹˼ң
ôƤˣԶүĿޣҺ޹˼ɵĽ¶Է׹֦
жȻı
ү־˳࣬ү˷˰Ϊ˶ˡ
ϽǺֱЦͷҵ㡣
⻰ҶһŰԼιȥ˵
رԶү˵ʲôıֱ˵Ҫĥˣ
ɺҸС⣬ү˵ţó˺öණ˵Ҵ̵ĵط֪ڵĵط֪ƽСߣ˵ϲ
֪ԶҲ࣬Ҷһˡ
֪ˣү˵Щ̾뿪ˣΪߣұ뿴ԷΪˣ֪ıһ˭֪ȴҼˣңҲֻա
ϽɫӵĿŶү͹ҵ˵ˮƽˣǲҪ֪ˣ۹⣬ܰ˿ȳˣõҵϱǹ̫ү͹Ϸ˰æأǹҵԼϱǾˡ
֮£үȻ޳ǿ˵۹⻹Ǻܾ׼үԼҵϱã
ү֪ҸţүŽ壬ҪĶ
ء
ɺ룬ĽָҪˣ
ֻǡ֪
ôǵ֪֮ǰҲǹһˣ֮ǰ֪ĵڸױףϣһʱһһЩԲάлӽ˽
֪ˣ֪ľе˰
ү˵ڼ䣬ԶҲɿĹˡ
үһѾͽԶԶˣӹǱӲˣã
ԶеĶᣬھǵʱԾͽĲˣҽԶҩԶһ֮󣬶ԾȫûˣԶÿҲڳҩֻǶЩѪҩ£ҽҲʽԶҩͣˡ
ԶѾȫָٶԣǸҩֶ
վԶߣүԴСһҲˣ
ٿǧʺ͹ǧүüͷ˭
ǧʺ͹ǧ˷
үЩʧֶ
ôˣ
ֺ׳桤׳ʿ
Ǵʲôǧʺ͹ǧ˹ʵ
ǵС⣡
أ
ǧʿ״үս
ҵԼֶ룬֮ԱأǳԷأ
ֺ̤ڣ
үԼ⻹òģȻҪʳӵˣ
аǧʺ͹ǧһ¡
үҲЩ£Ӫķ˵Ǻûǲã
ΪʲôԼҽŮÿ컹ҪԼֲˣֶҪɹһЩҪӪүˡ
ңΪʲôԶֻǸӳ˻֮ǰøţΪӢԼֶҲôͺչˣ
ʹļף
ĽǧʸǧһɹͺڣһԾͳ⣬ɹҲɹڣҲ⣬ÿڼһ㼡⡣
˵ÿӣŬչʾԼ첲ǵļ⡣
ү
Ӻȷ򿪷ʽ
ֶѵΪ̫ôӸˣ˵ˣԶȻģ
ԶӲֶֶ
ǧʺ͹ǧ֪ڵѪ˿Ժ棬ཷˣ㲡˵ӣ˶ˣȻǽˣҪϽã߳Ӱ
Ǿ͵ųԲ˰ɣɺüͷһ¡
ԶˣƾʲôĽֲˣȻǴܣ
үٶ۵ͻȻӦɺˣ
ɺΪүѰ֣㲻ţΪŲ

 68 

һΣǧʺ͹ǧ, 㻹֪𣿡
ү˼, ڸոһֱڿүͼϼһӦ֪ʲô
ϽϽǰ, ǧʺ͹ǧߣཷ, ժһЩû, , Ҳòˡ
Ͻźۼ˦˦Լĸ첲
Сһ
üˣ
һڻӪ, Լү϶ûʵʵɻ
ȻԶ˸Ѿ൱Ľе鶼ˡ
ү
ŮӪܵʲôడ
Ҫֲ, Ҫףһ˻Ҫչү, ûˣ
ɺЦЦ, ˾, û, Ѿˡ
˵㶼ô, һⶼûУɫôãȻ˺ܴĥ

㷽Žŵʱ˵ģô֮죡
үʹɺ, ǻؾǰɣ治˴ĵطûԵûȵģһ߸һҪչ˲µɷ򡣡
ɺôô
ϽϽȰ
ôܰСǴˣ
ǾӪıһǱըӪˣǷǳⶼΪиԭ򣡺үһϵûУ
½εĿ壬Ϊүͱɡ
ɺ죬飬˵йأҲ̧̫ˡ
Ҳֵֻضѡ
壺
½˵ûǺͷβһϵûУǴӲģ
һҲϽ˵ԭӽ֮عʿһĲ˵̫ɣ̫̫ɹƤҺ˷ɹ˪ⲻ÷ɹ˪ƭƥ
ǾɺǸɻɺСǹ˼жսķǼҵŮӸǸɻģ
үŭ塣
ϽϽȰ߽Ķүֳ
ԥһ£Ѿ߿סɺ
ɺһ֣Ҫȥ򰡣
үȻҪһģϽǶү˾үȻҹͲһˡ
ӦõġɺͷȻǼ˶Ȼ
εȷ̫ˡ
ʱֻŲϴϴˣǳԲҪˣ˭֪Ǳˡ
ҵȻͻ
˵ţ뿪ˡ
үҲ̫ãһʱ䣬үˣɺίֱ˵˼˽ȥҪǿԼš
ûĶãүҪ뿪ˣǸűĲӹģٲߣ˾Ҫᵢ˵ʱ䡣
ɺ˿ĲˣˮºϼЩĲ˸ү˾ˣЩ˱ȾǵܺóһЩϽûЩ
үҪԼֶŮֵĲˡ
үᣬֶŮƳׯں
治˴ĵط
ɺҪͶүү
ɺ֪үˡ
ϽҲΣ˭ԼүôԲ˼ҵ飿
ϽϽûʵţöүȥǶүһװģ̫ණϽǿܻὫزöүȫһݻȥɹ˪үһޣ
үණų̵һЩǵ˲Щʱ䣬Ҳû̫ӰҵĲ̣ٿүʷ⣬Ҳû˱Թ
˵𣿡˧ûȥƵ˵ô˴󷽣
˵÷ɹ˪ܶţ򡣡ү࣬ʲôʱôƭˣ
ⲻʱ򣬺ܶνǰ˺ԣͶӿҲ
սţǿñԼҪ
ʹܴô꣬Ϊ忴˴ܴƬء
ֻϧһ壬Ľʿ׺ݵļûлʦֱ復ǵĻᣬȻ¾ԸЩˡ
ɹ˪ʲô˧֣ôδ˵ΪԸţ
˵ֹܷɹڣү֣Ҳûʲôã涼ˮ
˧šüͷ֡
ײУҲͷԡ
㱧һѲʲôҲ𣿲˵Բϲ𣿡ڵ嶼ôˣ
ǣŮֵġүǳҼŮÿȥҪԼֲˡ
˧۵Ķүļ򣬡үǡ
˧ҲתһպЩ˰ɣŮˡ
Ҳôȱˣ㻹òˣ⻹ܸɳ
ҵ˵Ůװ
ӷǵøң˵ǺóԣǸܺóԵȥ
үˣôɺ壡
˧̾˿˼ʶ˲尡Ů٣޷ˣ̫ˡ
ˮºϼ֪үȥȻö㰴ɺķԸ԰ĲĲȫװ˶ү
԰Ĳ˳ټɺҲû˺Ƥ԰ӵ硣
ˣ֦ˡ
ˮºϼүװһ
˲ܾ÷ţүȻ᲻ԼŮֵĲˣǰѲ˸˻ûȥ
һ˾֪ȻãǴ˴Ĳˣʣžͺá
Ůֵġүǳָҽ˽¶СɺĴ
ͬ飬ǧС㾹Ȼȥֵأү̫ˣ
ֻǡֵصջͦõġ
үԻĻҲûϡ
ٽ֪˵ĺû˵˺ãүֻǹά
ȵϿ֮󣬶ү˿⣬ٿˣȳԲˣŮģ
Ȼ󣬶үˣôôóԣ
Ĳǹάǲĺó
˧ڶүߣĬĬĳԲˡ
Ȼÿ˶ʱٵİĲˣϽԣһ룡
ʿҲھᣬ쵽ҪҪðͳ˳ԣ
أóԣ˾Ȼ⻹óԣ
˵ຮֲʲô߲ˣֳҲֱСζǲ

棬Ҳиոմʿʿǣ
ǰʱ춼û˳ԣ˵ôóԵĲˣ
ͻȻȥξô죿
˧ȥӷʱ򣬾ͷַͿˡ
ƽղģǵĴȥӷͲˡ
˧̾˿˹ҵȰҵȥһ磬㻢ǵ뷨
ǱҲܵ顣
ǣĺúó԰


˧һԼľӪôôôû˰Ȣ춼ܼӲˣ

嶥һͷؼҵʱ򣬾Ϳ԰ֿˡ
ʹǡ˭˿£Ҳֻˡ
ҪûɺȻùҵ߶٣
ɺݿͷҲ֪ЦǸͬ壬ƽôһˣʱɵĿɰҲ֪һЩ˾ˣƫƫҪȥ
嵹ûʲôֻɺ֣ɺ˱棬Сıˡ
ţɺͷסӡ
Ȼ幷ǻ˺Ķ
ȵɺĲڳ׺ˣĻȥԼĽ
ӾʱͻȻ˽׹뷨
ֻԼڴϣɺõЦݡ
ǺЩ档
˵ү񲻶࣬Ҳûʲô
һ㶯û𣿡
һ㻺嶼壬ǰ֮󣬻Ϳʼ£屻Ƚ״̬
ʵҲ˼飬˵û£õĻᣬΪʲôһжĶûУ̽һϢûعЩ̽ӿ𣿡
Ҳ֪϶ǿ׵ģңİ׮Ҳ٣ܲ˶סǵȷûжүʹթ
ü
һ̽ӵĻ˵Ƕү㲻ܰԼιȥ˾ٶȻյǳ֣һ򾡡
壺
ǷḻǴһѵĻᡣ
εǸϣ弰ʱһʧ١
Ҷʮ첻ھӪ֣Ҳûлɣɻˣ̶꣬ͻȻԼѾĲˡ
Ⱥ涼ʲô
ҡͷ
ںһվʹˡ
岻ھӪµ˶Ŭѵͺµʱ˭֪Ƕ׼ˣ˲
šü˵˵顣
Ͻ㱨顣
һߴЩӻѹ飬һԺзɿ˼徿ʲô

ʲô޲֪Ǻ֪ԼҪòˡ
綼㣡Ľذ嶼һٹ޷ɹ˪ֻһСޣûˣ
ǰŴҵǱ߸һޣӦҲúЩˡͷۣǷɹ˪õִʲô
Ǹ檣޵ĺҪһ㡣
½鶼ܸο檵ġ
ǺܿҪ˰ң˵ˣɹ˪ˣ
ȻͷüǱߵ̽ӾȻϢ˵Լιȥ
ѻ֪ʵһЩģСһĻԣƭһһըӪ
ң㲡ˣһүõ²չ
ʹٳ޵Ҳ㣬οһͲǸᱻͷˣһжȻı
ʮȷ
翴ԼҸŵɫѵû
鶨Ȼı޵ͷ
Ϊʲôɹ˪˰ǳ
Ƿɹ˪𣿡
аֿˣҵְˣ㿴˵źͽַ϶Աȡ
޶һǡ
ã
ڸҶһЩҪ
üãֺǵ
ð׾ǺÿϲԭŮȻĹͭɫƤ
ֻǣ檲ð
ܿ죬ʹźһݼޡ
üͻȻЩõԤС
ȻҲΪ˷ɹ˪ġ
󹬶ɹ˪Ľذ嶼Ҫһƿ
֪飬ʱЦĽݺذϾȻսţȥõĶҲѹô꣬ǿ׳Ǳεѹڱ߾֮⣬һ
ѲҲҪ·ˣ
Уڲɹ˪ʱȥ壬ʨӴ󿪿ڣȥûжġ
ɺǱ߶ûзɹ˪ˣȻҲûС
ɺķɹ˪ЩȻҲҷ£ǧ֮ο⻹һģͨĸҸٻûãǲӾҪּˡ
ԭϢͨɹ˪Ϣ̾ʹȥ
ذĽ峤˫˫˿簡
ʱʱҲԼ˱ʿֻǣЩӣٿ޽ͷöӣĽذﰵˬ
⼸̫꣬죬Ǿﰵź嵹ùֻԳԱǾѾܿˡ
ϵǵ۹ʵ̫׼ˡ
֮£ָֻдţɹ˪
ûСһھܾ
ɺŸոպãѾڴ˶ʮɺ˶ܣÿ춼ȥŷ磬ʵڲУԺֲҲ԰
岻ɺʲôɣš
ɲɺɹ˪̫ˣɺÿհžͺãҪػ̫ˡ
ͷҲ֪ɺķɹ˪ûˣҪ˳ȥֱס
˸Ҫһ洫Ķҩ
ͫһֵĶǺģ
ҡͷҲйϵ
߳ȥʱ򣬻ƣΪʲôҪʲô⣿
Ҫɹ˪ûҪҪͨͨһš
֪ʹ˸Ͻȥ˭֪ͿͨͨƵһ㣬ҲССһĶʧ磬ȥɹ˪õʲô
ô˲ˣ
˸ģ˵ΪŽζ
𣿡ֱóһȥ
һѸߵߣ³֪ûж
˵Ƕһ˳ͷҲţ촽ΧһȦѸٱ졣
ʮ֮󣬺޾ҲûԼÿ޹ˡ
⵽ʲô
³޸źļ
Ҫˮ磬θһҲøɣˮ
³żҪȥۺɤӡ
ʱôܺˮȰ˵
ѾȥˣҪˮ޵һ֮ǰģûС
޷ֻ˿Щˮ
һ룬ŴŴƽ顣
Ҳ˹
ǲжˣ
Сĵҡͷûκ顣
Һأ磬Ķ绹ǴŴҪȥéˮֺȵĶˣ磬˸׼ЩԵģθգҪöѹһѹ
Ҫ⣬ҾͰͷݵ˵ֿ꣬Ѿߣȥ׼ƤӺ̱
޿ʣϵüͷ壬⵽Ǻ
̴ӣ˽ӵС
Ƭ̣˱ǵĳͳ¯ˡ
۾һ磡㣡Ҫԣ
űθʹȳƤӣ޲ǽԼСԡ
ԣȴҲ֪޶Ȼж˶û⣬ңֻʣһˡ
ǸŮūĺӣŮū꺢ӱѪ⺢ӴСûĸ׽Сų޼ΪϲƽҲ벻ӣҪⷹޱ˺ӡ
ССѾ
ԣ޾ûģֱӸСȥ
ߣһұкܶư£ҲܰԼΣֱӪ¸պĻᣬҺڣ
ذϣƨҪҲذϣ
ĽݣĽڣʲôᣡ
壨ɾ֣Ȼֲ£?
&ذ&Ľݣã
Ͼүʤļʷϲүϲү

 69 

Сǿйһӵĳ
ȥ, š޿С, ĮķԸˡ
˸ϽŸոͨС˳ȥ
ֿŮǽù, κβء
˵ֽ꣬ŵĿ, ʲôʾ̽д֪ԺҳЩ
Ⱑҿľ, ͹Ҳ˵ζġ
ǼԶ, , Ҳûġһֱᡣ
ոСҲһֱ, ӦޱĶ
˵ܵĲ˺ðһξԼñ
üȻ˼, úע⡣
˵, ޾˳ȥ
뵽˵˼, Ǻһ洫Ķ
岻ó
ߵĲ䶼ϵĲ, ǴӲЩ˵
Ǵܵ, һһĶϲö
Ťͷȥһϵ
һѲʲô
ϻһǵ𣿡
üͷ
ѾĴ֮ǰˡ
ܺ׵Ĺ
ϵͷ
óʹ, Ӵʱ򣬾ʹ˲ٶҩǺһ廹жȻǴ©ġ
жĶ𣿡
ҡͷ˵ұ㲻֪ˣǲԭΪԲ˯ã˼磬ûжñ㲡ˣеĶֻдһ֪
Ǻ޲֪
޵λǴӸģǰնɱͬĸĸ磬ɱкУˣϺһ
ЩУȫȻ֪
Ϊ
粻У˺ðΣ޽Լ½˹
ûкĴУ̳֮󣬺вбĵطѱˣжȴ֪Ȼ˵˶͵͵ߡ
ɱЩֵܽõǷ©֮㣿
Ȼӿ졣
ڰĵ˲µġ
ȻδϣǴ⻼ûˣûбҲ׶ǳ֡
ʱǸܵУµġ
޵ڶվ֪СţһҲûκ飬ȥҲüĿ
ֻһľӪУ˵ֳģƷ༫ãֻһ㣬մȾζʳ
ʳ޵ᣬտŸС̳˿ЩĶ
ӻ֮ǰĳӣֻһЩȫһˡ
廹ԭ༸嶼˶
ü
ǲһģ˿õȣ˻ƹϣӣ˰ײˣ
±һ󴮡
嵹Ǹԭϸ嶼ȥ˳Եģûһ⡣
£޵ǿ϶ϵĶȻûˡ
жֻһжҲȻҶ͸һԷ塣
ôк⣿
ֱ߽˴ʣ磬ûж
ɫ뵽Ĵ̼̲ס̿ˮҲԳ
ޣ
һ԰ɡ嵽ʲôĿģĵ˿Ѳ
ͷ

˶ûˣǺ棬Ҳ˵ֻǴų͢ϽЩʿ
͢Ҳû취ǲ
Щ֮꣬ǰܵĻʵǶǺɣɸǰ尲ɳĻᣬЩܱ꣬߾ĴսǼҼһгȥ̵ģҲˣοҲҪʱġ
͢ıûйϷ˵ҵˡ
Ϸ˵ңˡ
Ȼ￪꣬һΪɺҲܵǵķΧҾٿҲҪ
ңҿɺף׬貧壬ҲںһǮ
ȸɺЩ
ΪӪҪҲûȸɺкͱſڣҲû˵ʲôֻ˼Ķȸɺ
ԼȥΧгˡ
뿴ΧʲôзģǾֱ򣬲Ӿ˹ˣҲʡһЩǮ
ֻǣΧӺʹһЩͼ֮Ҳŷ֣ĺʲôûС
һжôӾ͹ˡ
СúÿҪ֪͹ˣھǽʳС㣬캮ضһȷԲϣ
ҵΧڷˣǽȥˡ
ɺѾյ˶ˣ
Ҫ𣿸оⱾ
ɺ֮ǰΪڿЦû뵽Űʱ䣬ҾѾ¶Ҫˡ
û£֮ǰ·һ飬ЩٿбȽϺõλãͿ꣬䣬ҿ϶ϲڵĻ
ɺǺŮһˡ
ǵķһ˵Ҫ꣬ǳҪ⣬ǴСﳤʲôãҪô˵ּɿʲô˽ķǳ
ֻǣ￪꣬ǸעⰡʤоҲǣɽ̫ˣҪǲͶһЩ˿꣬һϹȥο¶ᱻ͵ߡ
̫ˣ΢е㱾µȫΪܣЩүܵϣһ㣬ʮǰֱûۿƽǲǱǱɽ
ƺѾ࣬˺ܶطҲûɽˡ
үͽʿ̫ˣһֱû̿ɴֻȥЩɽ֣үþţǴ̣һ˲죬˵һִɽ˵Ļø±ģү˵ǼѪһսװ׸ͷ
԰ǾӪȫģȻͰѵ꿪⸽ɣȥҲ㡣
ɺ
·˵ôһλһΪ˺ѵ꿪⸽
ЦЦҲǴ㿪ھӪ
Ϊɺĵꡣ
ֻǲ֪Ӫ㿪ꡣҲ̫ⷽĹء
Ǿ׼ˣõ嶨ᡣ
ھӪӦþͻˣɺһԷ
žͿҵˡ
϶Է񣬡ôˣɺͶ𣿡
忴˿ϵˮü΢º˼֡
ʱ򣬹вүЩ
үɺ˵ƹһһꡣ
ͷǸ⣬ߵ˶û̫Թǿ˵꣬Ӧкܶȥԡ
үƹĵԿھӪһЩ˵ԶһЩĵطɽֻ̫࣬оӪȫһЩ
԰ͷֻҪھӪ涼ԡ
ү˵ЦˣҰѵ꿪ھӪ棿ƹһĻһŶ衣
ƹ񿴿ɺ֮ܰķΧɣү˶ǰһֱķ޶˶٣ûгìܸΣڿү˶ܴĶá
û£ҪǿھӪԼĪȥԵģǽʿʵҪҵЩȥĵ𣿡
ƹϽҡͷүôңЩھֵǡ
û£鷳˵ҽЩ㽫ٸĸģһЩȥĵҲԣֻǣǵĳԷðˣҪ̣һʱǡ
⵱Ȼû⣬нʿĵС֮ͽȻ
ֻƹ岻á
ɺ죬ôôˣ
Ҳɫǻ˰ңΪСӣʱ䣬Լȥˮ裬ҲԸ
ôֵ죿
ƹҲһ
ûʲôǹһɺֻҪڣҪ˵ϺðĲǣﻰⶼɺˡ
ƹûбƫүᣬӪص˵λȻֶιˡ
ӦҲȱˣҪô죿ʵ
ƹĻشүЩӹٸһؿٵ˴ϵֻҪڹٸж֮ʱռٵƽնùٵͶùٵӦࡣ
ͷҲܿǮ
ƹЦЦлүѣеп׼
µĽʿЩ˲ˣҰЩ˱㣬ԺÿǰһٸҵĽʿȥԣЩ
ƹϽҡͷʿֵĲүýʿǳԾͺãĵ꣬Լ취ãүʵ̫ˡ
үӳ⣬ʿѱ˿ô찡
ɺǾϲ֮ǰȥĲ˶ֳˣ
ͷܲͺֳˡ
ЩӸոֺãֵĵ֮࣬ǰֵѾ࣬ڸҲȲֵģҲ֮ǰֵĺãȾ˹Ҳá
ǵĲ˵ѾܳԣʣµҲʡ
Ǹ£Щ˱ʹҪǴҶϵĻԺͲ̫Եˡɺһϲ
֮ǰɺһЩ֦磬Կֳܲ
ȥˣֻǣɺЩˣһңֳЩýʿֵĲˣһˣֻðСѿɺΪֲûᣬû뵽ǿֳİ
ƹһҲһЩŵվͿɺС԰ӣѾһ
ʱţ˶Щ˵ĻԺǴ˲ˣǴӾǸ˲ˡ
û뵽Ȼ˳
ƹһʱ˷ܣ˵үɷ񿴿ʿֳ߲ˣ
˵꣬ƹϽָ˵˱Ǹ
ɺЦ˵үҲ뿴أȥɡ
СȻܾ
ƹһΪҲˡ
üҹ̫㲻ܴ磬Һƹһͬǰȥɡ
Ҵһɺ
һ£뵽ɺòײźȫ־ܾˣС
ɺйᰡ
ů͵ʱȥ
ҾȥɺԹ
廹ûӦ
ɺԼһǱˣȻǰԲˬܽôûˡ
ܼһţֻοˡ
֪Ϊʲôܺ޹˼ɵүˣүôǵүүүԹš
ܼҴ˿̻֪ҵŸոհıס
ܼҸ֪˼·ѾϰߣҪ岻һ£ܾý̫Բ
ɺڣ˼ƣô
ܼˣɺץӷΣ˯ȥˡ
˯֮ǰɺˮºϼԹ˰塣
СѾ߲˵һүĶ԰
СѾοүǳɳˣҲĸҪȫһԴӦˡ

ܼȥֵĵء
ܼұΪûж٣û뵽Ѿֳ࣬ĶңʽС
Ա߻һСУúõţ֪ʲô
̫ˣҸǰůһůܳˡ
ү˾ټֱӢܼķڷү벻⡣
ǱӢ
Ǳ˼ҵӢ㿴˵Ѿưһ磬ѾǼչҵˣ㻹ڳ˵ҵСҵְ֪ʹ
ϵͳ
ÿһεЩʱܻȵĺǴ
ôೡ̣κһ˿˿Ƕ̬ãδسɴʱֻ뽫ڵϵͳ
ôһڣܽҲ漣ˡ
ܼӢ
ֱ̫ˣЩӣѾԼʱ̻ЩһҪԼȥͶ棬Ȼôһ˵ģ˳ëߣʮ
룬Ȼһ˵߾͸÷ЩСˡ
ͻȻΪʲôôˡ
˼һƹ֮Ĺͬ㡪Ǯ
ֻƹǮһͭһͭܳģ˾ͽ֮ơ
಻ǰǶѹε֬࣡
պǸ춾ĳСЩŵĵطصǣͿʼҴҵ
ĸԣˡ
˹άǷ㣬ҪɺóԵĺúȵģôңӢүҪƨ
˼ת
ƹ뿪ʱ˵֪ΪŽ꿪
ҰҲͶұֻҪԺģҲỤ㡣
ǣү֪ƹѸٹĻص
ŵͷ
ʱ˴ƹȥ˱ϢԼһ˻ӡ
ʱɺţɺתӣǲʶ
뱧ɺɺһ㣬
ɺģ峤һ̣ɺ̽Լˣմȥɽ̫䣬ܲס
ֲֽġɺڶҲ̫Сˡ
ֹǾģʵ
˵ʲô˿̫СɺҲˣɺȥĶ䡣
ϽģҴˡ
ˣɺſĻ۾Ƶʡ
ȻɺĴͱһ£Ӷˣһͱȥأ㡣
˵ţɺͱѹӵ¡
ɺҹŸոտʼ
ɺ
ΪʲôԤ棬þûˣһԤûУ
ң涼ˣոջ˺ö࣬ڶһԲĹĵģ˵ովٳһ㣡
ˣȥô۸֣
صľˣһЩϧԿһĲ
Ȼڶ廹Ǵɺȥ˵أɺһ·屳Źȥġ

 70 

ɺõҶ˵ʲôҿ϶Ҫ̾һ, үĸܺá

ⶼϷ, ֲԼϵĹ֣
嵹ⱳɺ
ɺǵ˵һ㶼ڡ
Ӫ˶֪ɺ, ˣ˹ȥʱ, ҶװרעԼе飬ȥ塣
ɺƸʿ, ̾, ӻǺһװ, Ҷר־Լ顣
ûΪ죬˷, һ˿˿Ե
һϣǵ˾ˣ
˵ʡ
һةһ֮, ǵİż
ûˣ
ü, Щһôһأ
ƽվҲûЩһ˱׼, ƽϰӵ, ҲмĲеģ죡òױԼǰҫ, Щô
צġ
һȦøӪص˶ɺĸжôãЩԼ˼ǧˣȫܣ
, Ȼû˿
ɺıſţӱȽСҹȻע⡣
尵ޣһôûһ׵ģÿʱ򲻿ЩҲǣ
ƽǧټƵĴɺ飬ڣɺǵǰȴˡ
Ｋɥ
Ҳ֣үǴһѲӪ
ǿɵúúñˣ
ʿҲôģ
Բǰˣ
⻹һǣ
УԲܷ
һҪó񲿶ӵĳ
棡
Ҳ˼һȦЩһúÿɺһȦûκעֻ֮ñɺ﹡ķȥ
ֻǣһ뿪ոջվıֱĿбӵˣԴѾת˶Է
ոջŶСӵˣѾڵϣ˿̬ȴ¶˰ԵЦݡ
нǡ̲סˣڼһү
кöҪĵġ
ȫӪĬһģԭϢһյʱ䣡
˵ű˸С㡣
˵ţ쿴ķ
ʿʾүر飡
漰飬С˵
ɺ壬ɵûͷһۣϢˣոɺתôãôû˺һϢأ
ûʺһ˧
ôˣɺŻͷʵ
ƣϢˡ
ȻͱɺţǸոѾѵܳʱˣϢһ¶Ҳ̫ϸˡ
ȻǣǾǸովӦϢΪԼԩ
ֻǣɺѹͲ壬϶ΪԼҽڣһܲǸʲô𣿡
Լ˸ܵĪ裬ɺȻô˵ģ
˵ʩɺǲûˣ
߷߲ƽ
ɺ֣ϢʱҲðмɰ
ɺЩ죬סĵطӪԶżҲʿǺںŵżӵ죬Щʿǰ
ɺԼμӾѵÿһν̹˵Ϣʱ򣬴ҼֱֵҰѸپʹˡ
Ҳ֡
Щôоûɺ¡
˵үİԣôܴ
ܸүĻᣬǵһϣͲ˽үˡ
ҲǺүһһ㶷ľ顣
һ߰үʿոսӪûжõʿүıС
ʿ궼ɫһףүôСˣԺһҪС˵ԣ
еʿһԺһҪɺȡ
ԣ
屳ɺ﹡﹡ѾܴЩʿү֣ʿ㶣ϽͷôҲ⣬ɻ
ֻ㿴
Ҷɵĸˡ
أ
ô󰡡
﹡ŴɺӵļѾдУԱ߻Щ﹡Ʋӵ硣
˵ǰҲôֵֻأֻǣ֮ǰֲʲôճɵĵأԺ֣ٶһЩ֮ӦþͲˡ
ɺ弰ʱƨ
ǵȻˣɺҫ㻹ЦҲֵأ˵ܲÿһ϶ˣ
㵽ΪֹһСԺӶû
Щֵģ彾ͦţܰѹͶɺֵҲҪ˵ģ
˵꣬ͿɺƮԶˣǱǸʿĺ㡭
ˣûûңֵôֵģȻֵġ
ɺջߣˣǹǧʺ͹ǧ

ǧʺ͹ǧģķأͦġ
ô˵ֵصģɺ塣
СƨŻȱ΢һЩҪ̣Ȼǲͬ⡣
ңҵ֮ǰ彻ˣϽӼʣ˼Ҳӣ
ҵ˵ˣҪһμ棬ǧʺ͹ǧ֣ǹ˼Ҿûһϯ֮ˡ
ҵﲡ
ýȢɺȢȥģ˼Ҳûһϯ֮أɺͬҲûУȻ˼ԸԶӵһ̣ԻԶع˼Ҳûܡ
ǼողΪͷʶȤûǿԼҪߵĻ
һﻹҪѵġ
ɺ˵ҸֵؿԱڡ
ɺ
⻰ֱҪ
ɺʵǲףΪʲôǧʺ͹ǧɹִš
ңΪʲôԼ׺ںûһ֪أ
Զûֵأһû𣿡ɺ֡
ԶȻǲԸֵصģԶСβͣԶߵ͸ߣϻҵˣɶɶУ͵һôֵأ
˵Ҹ˵ԶɹڣûҪֵء
ʻǹǧʺ͹ǧԼûһʶ
ԶΪʲôֵأΪ˼Ǻȿˮ᳤ֵʰ
Ϊ˼ںúó
ǧѵûз֣ŮСŮǣΧԶ׬ʽΪʲô˶Լһ㶼ģÿͬԶÿҪһȺСŮ棿
ĲԼԺȢӣһӵĹ
ɺֵص꣬ĬĬǵ
˵ӲУֵаа
˵ʱ򣬴ȥǺӵģ
ôܼܵûֵױƣ̫ˡ
ͷ̫嵣ɺɹܣֵĹǧʺ͹ǧɺͲɺؼҳԷɺҪȥǧʺ͹ǧʱסɺ
ɺɻ
ɫǻȥɡ
ȥǧǧкɺͷ
һǲҪˣСӽ״̬ܲףǺòײſʼֵأȥţ˵ǽֻķˡ
пˣٽ
ǧʺ͹ǧпյģ
˼˵һʣ֤Լǹ˼õŮһúðǧʺ͹ǧûв䷹ġ
ɺԥһ£ܾںȻܿ죬ʹᱧɺ߳﹡
үˣ;һԵʿٿصׯں̫ˣӣұ֪֪
ҿȥùǧʺ͹ǧͣһͣ
ǧʺ͹ǧ
ħ
ĴڣΪֹǴк
ǧʺ͹ǧ࿴˿ֵܾ飬ıô죿

ߣÿ»һδ͵ļУϣƽҲͨĳЩٷǹٷĬϵ
Լһ߱֯֬ĶϲʱʱҲȥЬմ֮࣬Ӫ»ҪĶ塣
ɺôãûȥļС
ɺЩ档
µļҪʼˣɺЩȥ
͵ĸɺС԰ˮƵƵ񣬰ɵʵʲô𣿡
ѵǱүˣ
үǾеģòһүͺãҪԼš
ǰЩ죬ǸҽмУǺЩ˶ȥˣҲȥ
һ£Ȼүүֺõ˹Ŀ࿴
Ҳȥ⡣
ɺЩСĵʵǣ֮ǰ˵ץңȥл᲻᲻ȫ
ȱץȥ繶ھӪ
һϧС㣡
ڻһȫ
ű֤ģҾԲµģǶЩ˸ͺã
İɣ˵Ҳˣǻ˺٣Ҷڰȫϰգ˵Щģ󲿷ֶȰѻмˣЩ˴ȥ塣
ڵĽףүֱ˺彻棬ϵĶСڵĽף岻Ϸģߣǵ˾Ӷ࣬廹Ҫء
ôһ˵ɺ̶ˡ
ɺˮºϼȥ׼ˡ
ɺҪҪ棬ֻǣŮȷûоôأ鷴Ե֣ɺ뷨
ǣƺƵɽȥеĶ飬ɺЩ㲻˵кܰȫΪʲôҪô˸ң
ͷ˿Լʮˣడ
ɺ
ǲǾһ˼УӦðӪ˴ϲࣿ
ĽҲһȰɺɺһʧǶȻŹԼǸɺŷġ
ҪԼҲҪǣв۵ĳײô죿
ˮºϼҲͬ
ȥУǼЩң˵ͽӣʿǼʱΪǶ˽Χ˵ԿȥȻҪ˲ǡ
ɺ
ܾԼڱ˵ѡ
ɺͷƤһŴˡ
֪ôȥУȫȥģǰϴӪףǰǿܶҪĸˣȻҪھӱӵļϴˡ
ںм̽е½׵Ҳɪɪ
˵˽µĽףϻǲżҲûеĽƷѵվͲ˵ײ˾Ҫ鴦飿
ֻǣɺͻȻ֪ˣ
ǸϽ񣬸ȥɺա
ĵλι̡
֮ǰ廹ҪԳ͢ҲԼ٣Ȼ֪иǲ֪
һλȫڣʱ䣬İձ㶼֪ȫҪ塣
ɺȻҲη¡
ɺЩ˼֪顣
ֻǣļҲûоǶзȷҲ˵ûʲôġ
֣Եʦˡ
ֻǣˣô뿪Ҳʣɺ˹䣬ԵЩ
Ҫ뿪ʱͻȻһСŮɺ
һּۿץסСŮ
ǸСӡ
ʲôʿۿСɫѾϣнûгˡ
ɺۣСŮһֱĿüͷ˵ɿ˵˵ʲô
ɿСŮĲӣûſСŮ
Ϊʣж
СŮߴ˵һѣɺ
˼
ཫҲһãȻΨһĽǣϽɱϲС
Һãڳаĸ߼
ҪѾߣ
ˮºϼ
ɱɣ
ѾߵĻŹ̫ˣ
ǲλģ
˵꣬СŮҲãĿ
漴СŮߴĽ
ɺһԼװĿŰ
û뵽Ǹصѧԡ
˵
ѧ¶ӡ
ֻǣ˻˵
һ̲סϰ˵ʲô
ѧҲԹϣ
ͻȻ뵽ݣǺ޵Ů
ԼС
ǣ
Ȼģǧ
һ񣬴˷Ȼı
һԵİһǺ޵ŮСŮ͸ˡ
ԭ壬ϰǾûкɫһŮұΪ
ֱɱ
ɺԼ²ȻսϵľӪһֱûнӴκɱ¾
ȻȴؾӪүϣɺ
Ȼɺ־ȡ
Ҫ뿪Ѹٹ¡
ˡ
ôһУ̫ΣˣӦýҡ度¡
ԼйܵĲϣ֪żûˣֻǣҲ֪ЩĿ࣬Ҳãһֻ۱һֻۡ
뵽ɺ͹ˡ
æɺ˿Լߵʮˡ
ңôһˣ
ί
ȻѾϰ˱ӣµʱǾүұۣûµʱͷˣүӡˣ̫ᣬ˵ˡ
Ƕ£Ӧҡ࣬ɺҪ

ˣүҲҪͲүԼˡ
˵ţͿ˽еСŮⲻǺ޵Ůô£
Ͻ˵ү˵ҪѾߡ
üͷһ壬ԼŮǵѾߣһõĲ
ֻǣֵʱͦɺʱȥУŮڣȻļʿ
ȴߣɺؾӪʡ
ɺ֪һͨͨʣ壬ȻҵѾߵɣ
ˣüͬ˲ţСΪǲ죬ױ֮£Խǿ޺ԽҪ
ֻһľҺǰҲôɵ
ԥһ£ɺϣߣŵ˵ͷɺܴ϶֪ôѡ


 71 

ΪʲôȥӪأɺϱŵԲѾЩơ
Īʱеµ
ΪǰҲټɺԻ·崻
СĵĻеԲ, õ, ϳӡ
ػԼֱ, Ӫǵˡ
ԼеӱµĴҪΣգƮҡ
ɺ
, ڲȥ
ȻɺڻӪС
𣿡ɺ졣
ͷ
ΣհǸȫӪ, һͶ, ǾӪʿΣˣ
ֱԼ, ûϵǺǲһԷ, ǲΣա
ɺ壬ſЦЦ, , ɺ, ӪҪôСﶼס, ҾͰȥƹĵˡ
ɺĿΣգĵֻ
Ͻһ
, ǰ档
СﱻεĿסĻСĵıܿ޳
ҲܶүΪʲôҪڴ˴ʣǿүŵ֮󣬴붮
ɺ˹ȥ
һȦΧŵĶĸɺЩ˶Ϥ, ƽæµЩ˰æƽҲЩ
ʲô
СŮߴ˵һ
ɺסԶ֡
˿̣ֻԶѧˣ
ôϵԣ
ķԶûѧȫ
ȻɺԶüͷ
С򣿡
ɺƣΪʲôͻȻҪ˵֡
ǣһ˵ΪʲôҪԼŮô֣
ѧɺͲҵĻ⣬ƴĸɫǲҪԼ˵һ°
ԼϱһڸϽ͵һǲԭŮֵԢ඼ǣԭ飬ԭ޵Ļ֮ģǡ
崽ǳ˳飬ԭʵ򡣡
ɺ
ԶŽظһ䣬С򡣡
ովڸ˵ˣΪʲô㲻
ίѹ
һѧڷӦʼԼһٰʮ˾ԶƨģʽĺҪôһλ͵Ķ־ͽˣǽ١
壺
ֻ˵ѵΪԶ־ͻ

Ȼ̰ƣܷϼԶһˣûзԶǿڳ
ԶǺܾ׼һ²ۣһ˵Сʲô
С˵ϲޣ˵ϲͲϲ𣿡
ɺԼסЦ
һΪʲôſڱտС򰡣
̤ôСһ泰Ц֣ʵ̫˵ˣͯӰģǡѽЦЦʹ࣬˭֪
ȻɺͿϵͳ
ϵͳѾϵͳռ汬˾춯صЦͱͷ۵ˡ
ųɺв塣
֪
ίķųϵͳ
ͷеΣħ԰ŶĻе
ϵͳͲܻ
ϵͳʱ²ۣģɺʼЦ
壺
ģɺЦÿֲɺƽղЦ
ԺҲҪɺЦˡ
ɺʱŮˡ
ɺСѾºˡ
СɺŬ˵ϲߡ
Ҳظߣҵĸɱҡ
ʲôɱ㣿ʵ

壺
Сڶ
ԸɱǧΡ
ʵүͺ޵ȫˣ
Сҡͷҳ繫һ룬˰
ͷСϵĻͦõģ˵岻ʶ㿴塣
۾ɻӪ̽Ӿǰ
üͷ˵Ҳɡ
ͻȥɡʵҲˣСһǴӼܳġ
Сƺ֪ʲôҡͷҲȥߣź
ѧɺĿãЩ˵˵ʲô
ɺϧ
ͻȻоɺĿⲻԾٻͷһ˶ˣ
һɶȻʼФˣ
ӣòȡˡ
ѧԶһܽᣬ㣬С򣬵Ѿߡ
ҪʼʺƨɺЦЦȲҪ˵ȻԽĢ
ʾڿʼư͡
壺
ɺΪζôã
ɷԱߣΪɺ޶á
ȫ¹ȻǺöңţ
ص
ѾСϣСѶץסС˫֣ҪСȥ塣
СƴͻȻСָŻӪһʿߴһ
循ˡ
Ҳסˡ
ǸʿǴԭأС򣬳ҪܵʿȥһѾͽʿڵϣֱжʿ°͡
СҵĿյͼɺ嵲סСԥһ£ıסԶĴȡ
ԶɺĶһףǶȻǽܣ
˵ֻƴȥС֣һקһߵС
˵Ĵûұ
ᣡ
Ҫ˽Ѿߣ˶Ź
˲Ű갡ɱС
ɺ廤ɺ̽˸ͷǰȻŵĳצģ
밡
ôҲѵӵһ˽˷
Թϣֻ㻭Ҳ£ƫƫ˫鶯ޣԹϳԵֻܿԲĺܿģ
ɺ䣬˵ʲôˣ
˵
ڸܵɺУ˵Ҳ׵ĸʮǰżģΪʲô˿££
ɺ
ܽᣬС˴𣿡
΢㶣ƺ
꣬ɫ࣬ҳģ˵õˣȻ鲻Խ˵ʧܣ
һֱץץһͷ
ӪӪݵĿү
±ӪȻҲֵ˼ʱү͸߹мҪصע⡣
۲ãûзκζߣүһ˾¶ˣѹүҪʵص㶨ڻӪүԼԢġ
ӪʿȫݵĿ塣
壺
úһʲô͵
ȵȣǿǿӪ¶С
üú
ǸʿܿͱȥҪˣСĹ⡣
С֪ԼҪߣȻ˵ҲǿıԶȲ֡
ү߰ɣϾǺһģòԽ顣
ཫҲ͡
忴ŽԶȵС¶Цݡ
СסԶһô
ĵԶ
š
ȻүķԸҲû飬үĴ
ǧǴֵıԼΪһ飬հȥֵء
屾СҪԶֻҪСԶɺйСźɺѾߡ
ֻǣԶԱߣҲֻź˼
Сֻ֪Լˣһ
Ȼ֪ܻܲǡкܶһαι֮ͺ˵ֻڴܵľӪ
ѧɺȫ±Ƴ˹ϣȻϵߣɺٴζԼҵܵܵѧ˽⡣
Զڶֱ
ԶɺĿԶô̵ʱ䣬ȻĻˣǲš
ɺ˵꣬ûи͡
ߴίɺһ˵廰ء
Ϊʲô
ɺ壬˵˵ˡ
Ӵ˽ԶһͨͿ䡣
ɺԲ䣬壺
岻ϻ
Զ̧ͷҫĿ塣
岻⣬ʹӲ
ɾԲ̫˵ɺԶ岻˵Сĵһġ
ڶ죬޾յţǸлŮָ˺һļ
صһСԴܵĹҸߺޣСѾΪ˴ܵһŮսʿԺڹս۵зҪá
ޣ
ʲôʱ߷Ůļò׳Ŵͽ˾Ӫ˭֪δϤվȽŸͱ徾˳
˷۱޿಻ԡ
֪͸ðСŮֱɱˣ
Ҳ֪ϢСȥӪ
޵ͷ
ɱġ¶ݡ
總Լĸ磬ֻȴţԺСǲÿ춼ܳÿնϷɹ˪ˣ
СܼܶܣΪβԣ
Уĥһ취
Ҫ
ҪԺã

ɺڶȥУûд壬ɺص˾ӪڽӵϢүȥ˺޵ã
Ȼأ
һҪȻ
Ѹٴ˼أͿɺǰһ߳ŸһߺԶ죬Զѧýѧ𣿽㵽ҪҪѧ
ÿһ˵
Ӣ
ȻӢҲòˡ
Ҳһ˰
üһĴʻõĺһģһ޾߰˶̽ӣ
Ȼ¼˵ǰүѺˣǵҪѾߣ˵ȥô
᣺
ߵŮ˶еֲ
ǲҪȢˣ־塣
Ϲȥʱ򣬺Ѿ廨ķ˵ϣˮĸι
ϾǺ谮ãҲ̫ˡ
ɺˣСȻз򣬿ںУһͷ˿ֵ
ǣںУԱȺֵǮ
һȺԺɺȴĶɺֻ׿ʣΪʲôǶԵѾ߶ִţ
ˮºϼǹ˼ҵļӣҲǲ뵱Ѿߵİ
Ƕɵ׷Ȼ˵
ԹϵĿɺѧһ
ɫӵĿ磬Ϊˣ
˵ѾߣóԵķ֮ķɹ˪˷ɹ˪ҪȻźˣǺĹҸѾߣ˵ȥӵģ
һ߳ˮµݵߵһŬȰ塣
֪˷ɹ˪ûøνʣĺƳȥϢûųӦ֪
ǲӪĻУξǺļ
᣺
Ů˺ÿֲ
ɺãֽţΪʲô鶼ˣ
äʹϾǰȴԲ
ǾӪжǺļ
Ҫܶ˵ɹ˪Ҳǲܸ
۾һӾˣոȻ鼱֮½ˣǺûа̽˰
ס˵
üͷ΢壬ͻغ
Ҵ֪尲ļ˵ģҲرȷ
ɫֻ࣬ҪȷǼһһ޷ɹ˪
ľϲ
˵ıƶˣִ󷽣̹
ߴ˵һ֡
ɺ˱󽹼̽ͷϵͳΪʲôûԶļܰ
Ͳܸѧһ·
ȥ飬Ժ̬ȶº˼֣һ޷ɹ˪˵ȥ˵ǺһĽ
ȥš
ͷ˵ǡ
ͻȻһħ뷨ÿնȥйһȦǲǲգܽԭ˵ļҾȫռӪˣ
̫Σˣ˵ģҪĶԵУֵ뷨

类Ӫ׽סϢܿʹС
Ƿ׷޷ص硭
ҹǰӪѯͷź˭֪ر˵
ԼͬǵĹİɡ
ϹʹЩ죬ʲôʱô˵ˣȻı
αץģ
ձڴ棬˵˯ĻΣǷ˶ζ
Լġ
Ժĵİ粹䣬ҪҵѾߡ
ʹüëһǵĹ
ͷү˵Ķԣ
ʹǣ
Ǹٹɡ
綼ǰҾӪе̽Ӹˣ屨֣ڿʹɫ֮ʱб˿϶
һļںİ֮ȻųĲ࣬ʣµ˿һЩӳˡ
죬ֻ˵һ֪һģ
ʹҪ˵ˣһ·ɣӪ氲̽Ҳ׵鰡ܹ̽ӣ֮£ȫγˡ
ǲҪѹ岻̲ûиİοʹ粻ֹ˵һҰ̽ӣǲԭҵĴӪ̽ӣ˵ˣһЩȫγ
̫֮ʱǵͷ­ͻǵĴӪǰˣǵ졣
ͷҵ̽ӶˣǺҲʧصˡ
ʹоҪˣô֪ĹǣǺһǳ˰ӡ
һۣ˺磬û֪Լ̽ˣȻӪǺͻᱻΧ𣿡
磺
û
Ҹǳ⣬Ȼص˲ԭ͸ߴңľرǸӪ̽ӣǵоٶӲߣˣұ㲻뵽Ǻǡ˵ǿںϣôǣԸԸ˵⡣

 72 

Ǹѵ⡣
ʹĽԵϢѾһ仰˵ˡ
Ƭ, ʹ˵Ҫ̸
һ仰˵, ѵװǣ
ֻӱ˵ķݣûб˿ķݡ
СǲֵǮ, ĺֵǮš
岻õͿͣʹҲ֪ԼΪ
ʹȥʱ, ̸ˡ
ʹϽߵߵָϻȥ
һκʹľͲ屾ˣȥɺˡ
ΪһȺ˵жĹ, , ҶȥԷʱ, òܵүΪڣƳɻ
ϴĲ⡣
Ҫʲô
һǧƥ𣿡Ȼθ, ѵǹ缸޷ɹ˪
ʹ
ôҲװ, ʵ̫ʨӴ󿪿ˡ
, ȥǼҴ, û̸£
̸, ŪŪˣҲҪԷ, ˵վӪ²ˣ·żζˡ
ʹŤͷҪߣһ£̸еĽ಻Ծ
ǰҲӪ̸һһǻиĹ, 㿳ۣۣѵս˫λ
üǮ̫ͣӰ
Ҳû˵̸
ʹЦסˣҸطúģ
վھӪſô鲻ʰɣ
Լüͷ˻ʲô
Ѿ̸˻ʲôҪԷҪʹʱ볹׺˺Ƥ
ϾӪһ±ûѵãʱǺ˳ͻЩ±пܻ鷳ңӪǰʱһֱʱŵϢʵûʺ϶巢𹥻Ųô
ʹޣû̸أôͱ˰
һǧƥսô
ôԣųԷأͲɿ½
ˣ½ǣԶô
ʹ
˻ҪҪ̸ˡ
͸һǧƥսѾǳ
СȻܾȥһʱ䣬ķûˣѾԼķѸˡ
ǧƥʹ˰ճƵˡ
ֻʹɿԼ°ڡ
˳Էʲô
ûɫ
ȥ׼׼
ʱ̸òã
ʹ
⻰ʲô˼ʬ
Ҳʬˡ
ʹҧǧƥ
꣬
ȵȡǧƥ
ˣҵŰǿˣǧƥսͻȥү

֪ͻȻ̸һֵǧƥ⣬ʲôʱôˡ
޵У
ǱȲȻƽղڣǹؼʱô˳ݡ
ֱɺСԺӡ
ɺԺ˻١
Զǧʺ͹ǧСڣֻСûʸɺһ𣬴һǷССԼһӡ
һųһߵɵһߵɵǸӶܵɳ
ʶԼĽ
˲õʱ򣬰ǲҪǰ䷹ûɫ£
վסת
ıԷţ˵ǰܣҪͣ
һܳȥһףӦʲôأ
ֲ䷹ģүΪʲôô
ȻһҲٺòˡ
˻
岻ڵĻᣬ֪ΥǺγͷ𣿡
ͻȻܡ
ŰˣֻǹԶٷѣķҲ࣬ɺ԰˻˵Ҳ԰ɣˮ¸һӡ
㡭ɺƣԼѾˣһ˺ˮ¡ϼһҲʣɺȺСһɡ
Ӧһȥ
С˵СֵĻᵽˣҲһԱ󽱣Сܽ˻ᶾǺһСΪӢۡ
ϧС԰ĵûκηӦȻһ㶯ģСźۼİԼŲŲ
һҲзģ
ڣòԾү
£
㻹Ӳˣ徯衣
вܼ𣿡ϲ
ԼľȻ˵ûУˡ
ˮ¸һµĲˡ
Ŷ
ߵĿʼԼĲˡ
ȵʱ򣬰¡
ү
̬ºͶˣŰ˵Ѿ޲˿ɼˡ
ѹ
ȵȡͷβҪԼү˵Ĳǲ˵鰡
үǧƥغ硣ϲ̵үǲر
ɺԱ֣һȻܴӺкôս
Ͷ˵һξӪѪоǧƥս
壺
Ϊʲôɺƫģ
üող䷹𣿡
ǰүר˵һġͣҲ֪ô¾ͲһٷĲ԰ֳĲˣĲ˶óԡ
ѹѵǰ䷹ģ˿̣оԼ·ʧһƥս
ĿĿŰ²ļһ
ոӦûȥ̸

̸ֻǧƥˣ
ǧƥҲܺð屯ˡ
Զգգ۾ǧ
ȡǧС
ˣ㾹Ȼµĵѧ̾
ɺſһԼҵܵܣôô֣ѧǼ˸߿ĶľţѧˣӦúûн꣬ͻķѧҵƧ˵С˴򹤵ļһͬۡ
ֻǣɺ壬ʼ˼Լҷѧ
Сѧҵ
ôһ룬öࡣ
ԼӿԼЩ֣廹һڵʧУ˿֪˿ɺѾһ׶԰Сͬѧˡ
ٷѾ˲ʱ䣬ͰŲĶȥʹ
ɺҲ棬ȥҪԼҷھҪǧƥҪʱ巸ʱֹ壡
˭֪ʹͿʼ󺰡
ȻЩ𾪣۾Ծգһ£ͫҲеŴ
ɺ
ΪԼǸѧæʱԲͨһԼʵǸѧʵ
ʹޣʹԼŻǲģôʱ䣬ͨԼĴ
ʹһ̴󺰳үǧƥһֻôˡ
ٶ࣬ľͳǺһޡ
𾪣ʲôûʲôû˵
ѵүоС˵д˵е֮үһ𣬵˾̲ס
ʹ˵˻֮ү࣬Ųͣ
ȫΨһԾֻɺ
ѧ
ʹŵү
嵭ΪϰԼװԼṈ̀ڸԼǿźʡ
ɺΪ֪Լðʲô飬Ǿɡ
Ѹٻظʹɽ
ֻҪʹǧƥսͰѺ罻ʹ
ʹ˿Ͻغһ帴
ֻаĵʵүһԸǧƥս𣿡
ʵе
ʹǸɵӣǺ޴൱
üͷٸ˵˵
û׷ȥƬ̣˵ʹҪƥӵǧ
ʹޣ˵ǧƥսȥģΪʲô˳
˱Ȱףһɱ˲ˣүѵɱʹɣ
˼һ£һǲǲҪⲻ⣿
ҲǣôɵĹ޷ҲǺܺ顣
ѹǲʧǧƥս
ˣʧսʧһٷ

ʹȥ֮󣬵޻쾪ĶǱвȫ̡
֮ǻ˹Ҫ׷ɱҡ
ѯһ»òͶˣµĵһ󽫣ǰЩĽʿĵ¡
ǲԭϲ˵ж
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޳ǧƥޱȷŭʹĹ֮󣬺һüͷʹȥ׼ˡ
ȷԶԸʹǧƥսعȻǳס
˭õλǧƥʵڲһǧƥҲ԰ϾһͶһɵĲеĹ۲롣
ڶ죬˵Ĵǧƥ׳Ŀ֮Ӫ¶ˡ
ӪʿԼү
үԴ֮
ûбүүôбİ
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ΪһĽϽѺ˳ϽѺľӪôͻȻˡ
˫¶Էڣ׽еľȻֳͺͻ֡
ֻк粻ߣӪķôóԣûгԹңûзɹ˪ߣ
˫˺뷨
޲öϺͣ
ɣ㲻ߣսűĻ
ʹҲù˵ˣ
㻹£һҪǧƥսǺͿ׼ˡ
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Ϊǧƥս̫࣬κҲ١
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˵ҵѾߣɹ˪ҸһЩ
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干һңȻʲôûǵҲܵĲ٣ɹ˪ĵ´ࡣ
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ƣ
ɺá
ôɺôÿôŮӰ
̲סɺһòªĺ壬ֵɺôá
أôõСΪʲôɩɩ
ѹԼĸΪʲôô㣿ɺȢؼҡ
Ҳɹ˪ֻɺĶô͸塣
ǱϾôսɺóװǣҲģͻȻͿźõЩսɺܾе
ңһֻкûɹ˪ҸһЩõúˣ˵򡣡ֱɹ˪ĵһ
γٽɹ˪ڣ
ͿЩС˰ɺǾ˼ǵġ
ԼǴο˺ôսҪǾûر
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嶢Լ̫ô죿
β̻ܽڼּҵĵ
ˡܿͨˣԼ͸˷ѵǸּҾͺã
ж˫ˮɺһӵȻʿǵ˻ȥʲô
ԺôˣѵԵ±Թɱ
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ӪܵΨһůܾȻˣ
Ϊʲôʲô鶼
ߴ˵һͨȫɺұʾرϲɺֻҪɺ壬ǺĿˣ
Ȼڳ˷롣
嵱ȻܸԼӣֶһ˿ⲻǸԼ
ʶ棬൱ǰ˵Ļǲ˵
춯صһֱףջɺ̽ͷ̽ã
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ţһ°
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սʱǶôҪרҵУ಻סҪרҵΪԼ˲ŵĳ嶯ˣΪ˲ѧϰΪ˰ĵѧ츳ĺͷ׶̹ɵѧɣ
ԼԸ롣
˺ð죬ŵĴ˵ף㣬ӣ
ϡǵãСʱ򣬰˵ǴŮϲĻȻ֪ʲô˼
ɺɫ΢䡣
üͷ塣
ɫƣǺˣ߶ҪˣҪһ䣬˵缫ƶʿ˵պӽɺʱ򣬾ɺˡ
£Ѿ֪ɺڻ޷ȻҪ˴̽ɺ
ʿҲá
үδ׽ĽȻ֪ɺ⣬˶ֻ˵ԼүеĴţڣһΪ岻С
⳰Ǽү
ʹһֱˡ
սŸո£ͱˣѲɣ廹һս
ô˱壿
ʹѸٴԼŬٱ侪춯ص̨ʵĹһʧ
ʹ뿪ٶȣ̲ס˵廹ǡ
ϵ壬ʹҲóģû뵽ٶȾȻô죬Ѿˡ
ֱ׳꣬ңжŵֵġ
ʹѾ׷Բˡ
Ӳʹ˼ò
һЩ˴ܵĵǿ죬ɺ⡣
ʿҲԼǰ
үȻ岻ã
ָ֮ͿأҪүһ·ɣ
ûɺЦҡҡͷ
ȥæɣɺŲߵ壬εĽԶһЩȥЩɡ
ȻõôǸ⣬ҲҪϣ˭˭Ժս˵ҲҪı䣬Щ⡣
⼸նȻҪúæµһ
ʿԼүԶʿһ군ˣүˡ
ˣүѻȫµȥԼ˵ʱʿҲûһ˿Թԣүȥɣ
Ͻ᧿ΣĻ
Ҽүһ֮ÿǻںԵ
ȥ֮ǰѾҲСĵĺɺẢӵ顣
Ҫ˵Ļ겻жΪÿնںȱҽ˵ˣϾܺã֮󣬾Ϳͣôᣬ϶ܿͻеġϼοɺɺҪ롣
ˮҲϽһԿοɺ
ɺǵһ˼顣
ǰûõ飬ԼŽ꣬żЩңΧû˺֮£ɺѾ顣
ֱѾΪѹͣȰɺŷ֡ʵģֻǺ˺ѡ
Ͼڹ˵һ꣬ŮѾˡ
ο޵үһŮѾ棬Ϊ֮·
ھǵʱ򣬹˼֪״Ȼĺĺ˵֮¡
ߣ֪ΪΣ֪ˣû˵顣
֪ģִΪûкӣΪЩ⣬Ȼ塣
Ҳֻ»һȱ֮ʱһõ飬֮Ҳûɺ㶼˺ӡ
ԼСżҪӣأ
ڱ嶼Ѿʮ꣬Ǻޱ˼꣬ѾкüӣǸӱԶҪһЩѾǸܸŸսӺˣûЩ
ɺţַ֮ǰ˾øĶ
˵֪С⡣
Ǹģ࣬Сܶ࣬Щ߶ĺܾ£ԲСɣҲ˵ˣֻǣ̫Сˣɺõߵʱ֪ΪʲôЩ
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֪֪ľ˼ҶȻὫ޷ϢҴټ֪൱ڴܵˣңԶ֪֪ʲô
֪ܾûкӣҲˣźôС
ֻϧٶ۵Ҳû뵽顣
ɺͻȻԼӦúĻ⡣
֮Ѿ̽еĿռ䶼øɺ塣
ôôɺЦ˵͵ɻ
ֱҲ׳Ǹֵµһᣬǵ
ֻࡣɺͷ壬壬ҽû˵ҵĶʲôʱܽ⣿
֪ɺȻǾẢӵ顣
аһ磬Ͻ˵վܺˣѾҵһζҩ£ĶͿԽˡ
п졣
֮ƺܶ鶼ס
ǡʲôʱҪӣ
ɺʵҪкŮҪأ
ͳһһ¹ɡ
ȣкŮһ
Σ
˹УһҪикڽӴϾҼһлλҪ̳УĽ֣λлλҪ̳УɺûʲôŮ۵׳־ҲϣԼĺôۣкӻǺбҪġ
ǣӻûкֻ뽨ϵһˣʵΪԼȾɫ岻Ҳûκΰ취
һüͷ͸߸ߵ
㶨Ȼƭң
ɺ
ʲô
תҪš
ʱһ㲻ɺܣԼȥһʱ磬ֻܻɺͺá
ɺƣ⻰Ÿոտʼ嵽ԲʲôҪŴˡ
ɺſڡ
壺
ɺѾСɰˣ
ɺһ㶼
ɺɻ壬ΪʲôҪţ
ֻӶѰ
⣬ˮºϼ˶䣬շɺĻҲ˶䣬ԼպãɴƮƮĵ˷ſڷש飬ڵĶ
һı˲˱ǧʺ͹ǧ֧Ŀ־塣
϶Ҵӣ
ҲҶ㲻ҪұȥǴ
ɺˣŴص㣬㽨˭
Ƽһѡ
᣺
ɱү
үĲԭͷ
壺
屯ߵָɺȻף
ɺˣܲܽ˭ģ
޼գΪ֤Լ컹ûаȥʹԼȥ˴ϣһЩд顣
ɺ
Ϊʲôô֣
ɺϾǿıԼʶıɵĴ˯ŵʱɺħ˲Ķ䣬壬˺Ҳδ
ңһǵãҴǧʺ͹ǧԼʹĸһ
ίϵͳ˵ɥżʽ
ͻȻеϵͳϵͳԼǰһƬˣԣĳ˶
Ϊʲô쾹Ȼᵽ
ϵͳ̲סŷ֡ξͽˣֹˣ
飬ôǵôΣ
ɺ
ǧʺ͹ǧ׸Ӱ
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εϵͳвʵĵĻ
ϵͳ˼룬ٷ
ǾΥʱ䣬Ƿս裬˯ʵ˰ɣ
ɺΪϵͳƷζսܴʲô֮ĸ
˭֪ϵͳֱӾĳɺиĺ
ѭn飬͵һ飬ֱǵֳ
ϵͳȻŹ壬ʧؼһףģᡣ
壺
ԭǱԼӿ˯ȵڶǿԼӾҸһ죬ΪҪЩܳܵĥ
񣺰ɺϺλʾ㲻ǿϣϵͳ̳ǻ۵Ԥ̡ܹ
񣺰ɺӣʾǸĺҲ԰æˣͷϲ̣죬ܵƬԭ
ɺһЦ
徯Ŀ˹ȥ
üʮڶûסĽ
ֻˣջ˺˵ôֻӣŮأ
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ǲһֿɺţ治С
ϵͳļһС̿ѧΪʲô
Ϊնɱϵͳһ
ڣ嶼ûԼ룬ֻҪĵ죡ֻҪţɱϵͳһ졣
ɺǳ˳飬ʱ˿̣ΪһʿͻȻѡſѧ
ĺӣĺӣ
Ͳܲ𣿡ѡ岻ѡ
ֻСѰôô£ɺžһ򵥡
Լÿϴǰ̶вӲŮ˵̡
Ҫˡ
סɺҰɣҲǸ
ɺ
δ˺޳֮ˡ
ϵͳ뵽˵峰ЦԳƱʱΪʲôеܰ˫ֵ쾡£
ɺһιںӵĽ䡣
ͨνɺʶһ⣬ǾûкӵλĲĳпֺ֢ɷ
ˣԼҸͶ̥ĹɣֻܿԼŬˣ龡ˣҲ˵
Ͼڹ˼ÿδǧʺ͹ǧʱȷΪӱںʹĸ

ع壬ޱݺѵһ٣ֻǿͷڵӣסˣԼʱЩࡣ
ôȥǼУסǾ˶㣬Ŀ˺ü֣Կȥͷ­
磬һûǶҩĽҩ𣿡˲Щס˺޵ĸ첲ĺƯ㿴Щ͸ҵġ
սʿǽɺ͵ʮ޷ɹ˪߲п
ʹҲɺһͨʺƨ񴵣ֱɺǾһ㣬˾廹
Ȼ֪Լﻹһ̫ණǲ֪ΪʲôЩʱ򣬺ͻȻıƽһЩŭ
ɺһ޶Щˣ嵽׺εºܣΪȢ㾪ž޵
뵽Ƕҩüͷ塣

 73 

޿źеҡͷ˵, ʹ, ûнҩ
û𣿡ʧ
Լ, мҩнҩˣĸɵ춾ʱ򻹷ҩ

˵Ķ𣿡
ͷ, ֻʣһ඾
ûлй, ˵𣿡
ڲ, ô֪, ҲûԹ
ȥԣ
ޣ
ǰԼ谮ã㻻, ˿û
ԼĻе㹦, ֵֻܴ, Ҫ, ˳ٽɺջǲԭ
㿴ֲ˻ɹ˪, ˲ԭǶ÷Է, Ҳ÷ɹˡ
ޣ
ϲԼͭɫƤ
ֲһȷЩˡ
Щ𣿡üͷһ˴ȷζá
û⣬ڱ֤ؿ˵Դ, ¡
ޣ
оԼöɺĺøǲ̫ˣ
Լ۸ڶʲôʱһ޲ڹ
޾ȳԳЩˡ
滹ˣ޻ûԹ
ĺúã߻ҪôԵĺͷɹ˪ĺһһθ̾
޲м֮ʡ
Դ˺ʴȣ
һ߲мһӺͺһԷ
һ¿֮󣬺ޣ
Ϊˡ
ǲǺܺóԣ磬һĳӲУǱߵĳķźóԡȻ˶ԳӵĲǻǳԵĺܿġ
ޣ
ѹոԼã˵ЩۣǱȴԲһȦ
޳˺üڣͻȻ壬Щ׶ǮУʣһѾûжţˡ
޿˿ˣԭ޻Щ˺ܶ࣬ɺ̫ںֻʣɺΪʲôһЩ

һǧƥսϢҲй¶˳ȥ
һεĶ̫Ȼסҡ
˶ʱʼ޲Ľγಿ尲Ӫ̽ӵϢҲ˳ȥ
ͬʱЩ̽ӵͷ׼ĳ˸鳤Ӫſڡ
峤ɪɪôһԾôˣѵǱ˱
ûȥ׷鵽˭ģԭԡ
ĳһԸй¶˵ѾԼڰ̽ӣÿһڶУΪԭǰ̽ȫ˳
»Ȼ
Ҳ˲ϳźĹ򣬼ˣȫڽŵ̲ԼȺ
ÿ䶼ԼÿһĳЩԼԱ֪һЩţҪ̽ʮֲףҷǳױ֡
ܵľӰ̽ӾҪ׺ܶ࣬ǰҲ尲̽ӣ֣㣬ͽ˴̽ӵ뷨
ҲԼĳԱ
ǣһڣֱֵǿƣľ˺ü̽ӡ
Ǹ֮Ҳụల̽ӵģ˭̽ӣ˿̱̽ҲܳԼĲ䣬ȫһҧǾˡ
ľӪǰҲһͷ˵ˣǵ̽ӻǡ
Ҳ壬̽Ӷô࣬˭֪ھ滹ʲôأ
ʿǶ̬ڸıһЩ
үȻɷУǴ̻ǺܿԵģû뵽һ棬廹ܰ˶̽ӣ
үˣ
壺
ǵͬͼڶһΪʲôǿͬĲ䰲˶̽ӣǵģ
Լˡ
廳ԼǲǲӦ÷̽ӵļƻȻЩ̽ӿȫˡ
ᵹƵķȥүɳȥ̽ӣȻûб𣿡
Ỵ̂Щ˵Ǳ߷ˣڶĹ
Ϊʲô尲̽ӵԭ򰡣
Ⱥ־ᶨˣû¾ȥˣһ㻹ˣд
᣺
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣֻүڰˡ
ΪⷬڲԭҲȵ𣬾嶼˵
ɱѸٴ˷Ƿ׷׸̾òẠ̊́Ȼǿ϶ͽеͶˡ
ҶϴٴͶȥĿ⣬Ⱥǿǻ֧ôʱ䣬ʵǲס
ǴҹϵߣľҲеӲͷϣ΢е׳壬һʱľ֡
ֻǣɺĹ˼ΣֲɺϢҲͨɺǣķɹ˪ȥˡ
尡嵭˵ҳϰҲûǮ
ûõĶǲҪԼˣϰջҲס
Ⱥ廹ţ𣿡ɺ
ûмأţҪȻҲҪ꣬ЩʲôţϢ
аͷ˵ô壬ôûͷţ򣿡
ôࣿɺüܾĳЩ뷨
ɺӣ򿪵ͼָָϼ˵⼸Ҳкܶ壬ǵţһûõ
ɺ壬Ҫⷢ󣬷ӵȥ
Ҫ뿪𣿡ɺƫͷʵ
ȥôطȻҪһ·ߣ̫ˣô࣬ǲȥĻһ˺ٵദЩ᲻塣
Σգߣ
ɺ˲ûвˣϽߡ
Դ˵ӵĻ֮忴ɺԽˣƺĺɺñӻ
ɺҪ巳ˡ
Ѿչ̸Ա
ɺ
ûκȤ
־һµĸ岻ҪǿиЩȫòϵ֪ʶ
ǿƵסɺΣҾͲߡ
ɺһ壬Ȼû㴸
˵꣬廹ӵɺ̾˵
Ҳû˵
㲻ҽ㣬ø㣬ҽ̣ίˣɺ粻ѧ
Դϵͳ˸֮˾ͱ˸
׾ӵҲ֪Լʲôүĥ
ɺ壬ϻ²¾ҪΪһ׶õϵд飬һ־µӣж벻ͨҪæ
û£ĿҿԼϵʱ䣬㡣
ɺҧĲϡ
ҧĻ岱ӶһѪˡ
ͱɺһĺڵ㡣
ȵϵʱ򣬾ҽü۵Ĺժ˱ߵ٩ɺǷȤͦ࣬ܺúܺá
ҽô֪ģ
ǡôȤˣ
ҽȻҽ߳书ҲǸǽǣ⻰Ӻζ
ҽͺٺЦ˵˵㲻үҩ
ҩɺͷʺţʲô˼
ǰЩӣ첲ˣռල廻ҩҩôͲҩˣ
ˣҽΪɺϣĵ˵ԼӣұүһЩҩү˵ˣá
ɺ
ڵҵһΡ
Ϊʲô벻ͨҪȥҧĲӡ
廹˵ɺ¶ģļ춼ȥˡ
˵ΪʲôѵͲ𴦴ô̵ģ
ȥѧѧ
ִʲôϹľ½ϰ岻ԼҲҪ𣿱쳵Ǻװģ
ɺȥطȥطĺǰɣһ·
ᶨߡ
ͻȻˣǲɺĻߣԺߵﶼɺ
廹Ȼɺ̽Ժϻ֮
֮ǰ糯֮ʱÿ֮һܼį
į˯ͣ޶޶ԼҹɵĵܵܵëҹϷ죬ӹ쳣⡣
뵽һ⣬Ժϳκ洹
ɺĬƬ̣Ϊʲôκ棿
˵Ͼ֮ĵһܾκòȻ˼·ͺˣҪκ档
δ󰡣αҲܸߣȫԽס
ȻȻĽ͵ϳرģֻѼڳܡ
ҺۣÿϳԶһϣ廹ЩЩ󳼺ͻϣ󳼾Ͳ˵ˣǵӣҲϳ֮ʱԷǻΪʲôסϾиʽϹΪλϿԲԣ
˷ܵ˵ǵʱͿκԳԺȺȡ
ԼĲӣᱡңҲ֪Ҳᷴ
ûȤлл
ҲɺʾԼҪؼˡ
ҲɲӵĿɺԼʶü֣㻹֪𣿴ܰͼ֪𣿴жٿ֪𣿡
һǶͭǮ֪𣿡
ɺ
⿴ɵӵʲô˼
ɺ쿴壬ǲˣ
ûϵٱҶ㣬ԼţϾҴ
ϵͳ˵ˣ
޹ǣڵϵͳʾ൱ŭ
˵ԨһֵСǻģ
˭̤̺ܺڶ
ӽˣֻޱǵ˺
ɺȡһһ֮ͻȻˡ
ԭļƻʦ˵֮Ϳʼ㲻ˣȻܳȥԶ塣
ڣ
Լ˼·ȫˡ
СʥĸСβܼ
ɺ˵΢΢⣬ɺжˡ
ɺж顣
ͷɺϡ
ɺ
òײűȡֵĻ尴ǽǣ
ȵȡԻ·ָˡ
ڽǵļͦõģҲ֮ǰͷˣɺԼ峳һܵ뷨ˣ˫ַϣ۾
ϵͳű˵ĻӣСҲˣԼҵĽС㡣
ȵڶڴѹɺĿʼ˼Լ쵽ľ
ӽԺĿÿһ䶼߲֮⣬һĿ꣡
Ҫ峳һܣ
ҽͣҲҲҳߵּܣ
ɺͿʼʵʩԼļƻ
ܿ죬뿪ӡ
ɺ⿴˼ۣЩȥԼѾߣүأ
ˮ¿⣬үոܳȥˡ
ɺЦЦҴˡ
ɺԼϼʵ̫ʵˣ˺ü£űܣʵ̫ˡ
ѾѰˣϼʵүˣ
ɺҡͷûУҾ
ԣôȡ֡
ϼ
ͻȻ֪ô˵ˡ
ˮ³Ĭ룬ͻȻɰͰ͵֣úã
ɺЦЦ
ϼЩŵĲͷԼߵˮ¡
ҶһչģΪʲôˮھȻ˻ƨˮµʲôʱɳģ
ֻǣɺûлӣַĻˣˮºϼ˻
ɺһ̹νĿ塣
ԣǴˣ廹Ҫ
Ҹոҽ˽ҩüѾߣǻϽ
Ѿߵʱͽˣ˵
ɺҲˣûԼﲻ
ȻɺͿ崽ǹһĨЦܿסСѾ߿ʱָ̱״ϡ
ˮµҪȥɺ֡
ûˣЦɺ;죡
ڹͷϣ棬ҽƳĽҩרˣǻϽ
ûˣɺ
Ѿԥ
Աѭѭգոû󣿡
СѾߵͷ
ɺգһ壬ˣ
ŽˣǻϽ
ûУҪү˵ɺϽֹѾߡ
еĿɺɺ㲻ҪԣڲԺҪԿࡣ
ҽ˵ҩЧܺãֻҪһʱ־ްˣ쳣ºͣһ̣òãɺ
ɺ
ôôϷ
ʲôʱ򺩺ôϷˣ
СѾ߶ʱ۷Լү˹ݼ֮£̿ʼҵĸɺֶ
廹һԼװרҵָѾߣҲҪϣ˲棬һǣһƬ۹һһƬһ㣿
Ѿǣ
ү˵еүİɡ
ɺȫ̲岻ϻ˵ǲ¡
ȵѾڰ뿪֮ɺֻѾȫܲӡ
ĽɺԺӣɺιԷ
Ѿϰ뿪ӡ
үϲź˵ʱ򣬾͸ϲһԡ
ɺĿԺӵĴűѾǹ
ˮºϼǲǸûˣǾͲʱв֮
˫ֶʵʵ޷֮
ɺιԣɺŤͷ塣
ݲȥˣѾ߶ڣİ˹ݼ֮˲¶ڣ彫ͷɺĲӴ̲סͷЦ
ɺƲҵֽ⿪
аɺ˺صˣһʱõġ˵ţʹЦϢɺĲӣɺЩϣ˶ȦţҲ㲻
ƽĿ壬Ҳòˡ
㷳ˣ
ɺ΢գˡ
ͷɺɺɰŮˡ
ɺ壬˵ûͻԭ
Σ
忴ɺһЦϲɰŮˡ
ɺոջڵĵ壬仰ʱ˲ƾûˡ
һٶ˥ߣɺ˺Ρ
ͻȻô˵
ܾͳܣܲóһ㳳̬ܵȡ
ҵֽ⿪
βٶɺԹԵĽ⿪ɺ֡
˫ɣɺȥ壬ȣȥһʯ£ҪԷ㲻Ҫҡ
忴ɺЦ
ԸԷˣ
˵ɺúˣôһͰеȫˡ
ɺɺ£ͷɺÿɰ
¡
ЦЦ˵ĺϲ㡣
ò˳Էˣ
ɺӶˣͷ壬ͲܺúóԷ𣿡
ιҡ
ɺΪ죬ίѡ˸ιԣιͱʵǿƲסȥ˴ϡ
ȫΧ۵ϵͳڿռ亿ޡ
ˣҵСıˡ
̾ͲߣȻ򺩺ɱһͿûܳܳɹ򺩺ȥ˴ϡ
СӣѾµҪ򺩺ҳߵ־Ըˡ
ҵС㣡

ԣһ˲̲ߣҪɺζ³еҡ
ȥչչһֱֵĺܹɵ塣
ȵ޶ЩëѾ࣬ͿԸ׼ˡ
Щӣ֪Ҳ֪ΪΣ쳣ͣʱʱ͸ЩսĶ֪ƺѾԼ޵Ͷ뵽޵ĴС
岻֪֪ôˣֻʱ֪صͣ鹦ɺĽ⻷ϡ
һгɹϱģ
ûȥ壬ǰѰȫɳȥˡ
ʾ뿪ļңĸ
Ҫ

Ĳ԰ļң
Ľ߳ȥɻѾ۲Щ棬˭Ƚܳԣ˭ķȽϴ󣬷ȫȥɻ
ԵöǴ
һ߸ɻһ߷ʡһΪʲôԵô࣡
ΪصԷҴЧʶܸߡ
ɺķɹ˪Ҳ࣬ӪŮãߵһƿò
ȥһ˾ǡ
þûǣҡһҲֻԷ
˼ҴȥһЩ˺ͷɹ˪
̫үᣬɺһͲˣôʵ޻Ʒ
Լɺֵģɺ
Ϸ˿ŷɹ˪̾˿Ϊ׬ǮүҪɺɻүĲˡ
Ȼ󣬹Ϸһ͵͵ռʮ߹ޣżװ󷽵Ľʣµ޸ԼҶϱ
̫ү͹Ϸˣɺ͹ĲˣƴԣһҪЩ꣬߶ϱǣ
߹̫ү͹Ϸɺ̫үɺ壬ɺ
Сľ˵©죬үȻͱŭĹ̫үӡ

Բү
Ťͷȥ¿״Ԫ
¿״Ԫī㡣
ϸһڵĻѾˣ
ȷֻǾͨǱĶдȻ󲿷ƣǻЩͬңЩΪ壬û֣ͼϢ
Щд𣿡ĻһĿ¿״Ԫ¿״ԪҲǼģΪȻѧ˶
ǰ¿״ԪݣԴү뿪˾ǣоʹǰþòһ
үǰԸģ˵ѧѧдд廰¿״Ԫж˵үҸ
ֻǱĲ̫á״Ԫ˼ͷ
ϾȲ࣬äʱȴܸ߶ˣпõĶǧС㣬ǱߵǧС㣬ҲǴܵСǣŲŲ
ǧСϲ䡣
ȥЩĻүôģ
ү֮ǰһҪѧ˵ԺҵĻڴܾȥˣҪ뷢ңֻܴ֡״ԪĿдĻ𣿡
˵дٶԶ֮ǰÿһ״̬
ɵ֪Լү˼ˣϲдĻүԴˣϧĺӶдһЩɣүؾǣˣԺܾڿܻĻֻܸˣѧֻǺҪġ
״Ԫ
үĸ涮ү
ˣҴЩģֻҪڴԶһ˿ͣԲΪ㣡
״Ԫ
ԾһĲ
رŶŬȥɡ
һһֽˡ
Ȼɺķɹ˪
״ԪϾдС˵ǳǵϲá
״ԪҲƳʣܿ죬һͼĲïĹͼдˡ
״Ԫչһäּ򵥣ͼΣûῴ˶˵á
ĿʼǱɢɹ˪Ĵԡ
ȥ˹ǧɺðǧִЩô߲ˡ
ǧϽ߲ˡ
˾˸߹ֲˣû뵽Ȼġ
ɺǧɺ
뵽Լڹ˼ҵ̴˵үû
ǧü㲻ýͣҶ֪˾Ȼ˵ЩӣһȥЩʱ˵
֮ǰүѾ˸߹ңɹ˪˵弫ϲɹ˪ǧŰķɹ˪ȷ𣿡
ֻܷɹڵĻãߵƵͣ࣬ǧọ̃ǵûбڣھǵʱ򻹰һЩ
ˣҪʲô
Ҳ֪ĻŻţó
֣һǶҪǧƥսȥɹ˪Ҳ֪ȥ١
ǧһ֪Ĳƣο£㾡ȥȥҲұϲĪҪġ
ϾǱģʵǲУɡ
Ҳãͻؼ
ǧͻȻʵɺǲǸҲˣ
˵ͷ˶ʮޡ
ǧЩͷۣҲܸˣҲ֪͸˭
ʵȰȰǧҲûҪôϵϷˣµ飬񶼺ϲ
ʵҲŮϲ
ĳЩӲܸܵĺðɡ
ǧŮɢʽȥ׷浥ˡ
ܿ죬ÿѹԼ濴˵С棬ÿһ涼ڴķɹ˪
⵽ʲô
ҪƷˣ

Щߵʲô
ǲ̫ˣ
ңǾʹÿôȾǵʲô
ÿһ飬˺С棡
̤˺
Ȼ˺ΪðСĽɲʱĽϵͳһ502
Ϊ˶һ502еĵˣʹ˼ʹ廨һ룬쳣ѵľպɺŬһЩ
ϣϱ
ڹǧʱ䣬񶥶˹浥
ǧ֪ԶǧһðտһЩӪأ廨ɫ˸Сˣ־̾ţַɹ˪ͼƬ񣬲ûסԼЦ塣
ǧͻȻôҶ˵嵱׺ݵû˭סôڵ
ʾ˵ѹģΪʲôǻͶ̥
ϵޡ
ʹ򣬴ǵʲô
ʲô
ֻǣûз֣ǵŮڱ͵͵ᡣ
ǿС𣿺幫Ƽɹ˪ǹ֮ѡɹ˪ӵкһò
㿴Ĺذһʮµó裬ذ峤ʮŸӵܾɹ˪һҹصʮꡣ
Ľ峤ŮפഺõԼҷϲȫɹ˪棡
ңһһ˵ɱˣ
ĽƥսŻһ޷ɹ˪˵ʮ޷ɹ˪ļ۸񶼳ǧƥսǻǲǼۣʮƥսһ޷ɹ˪
ⲻǼ𣿡һŮ˻ǵķֲԾ
һһûǣ㣬Ǹˡ
ԣ
һȺŮ˵ʾ⻮㡣
ȥ̣һãҪǮǵģԣͿʼͷ磬Ǻ˺Щֽ˺ָ׶ͺˣ˵սɹ˪ǿɲŮʤǡ
ҷ׷ױʾ˽սƻȥʼ׼ˡ

 74 

Ϊ÷ɹ˪ЧһЩɺŮǵķɹ˪滹һЩ԰׵ĳɷ, Ĩ֮Ч, ִBB˪
Ͼطĵشûôǿ, Ϸɹ˪֮ЧҲߺá
ûЧĻͲ̫ˡ
ŮǷ, ĺã׵ͼӰһ㶼ûƭǣ
ɷɹ˪, Ȼͻɷ
ǿҪԼŮ˱Ʒˡ
ÿ˯ǰ, 
ͱϴ
ÿһ仰, 򣿴˳Կ, ϵ
ֻʮƥͿӵһ컹ʮӣ㲻
Ӻְܿ
ĳ, ĺһ׺, ʱȽƶʵŮ, ƫƫкܻ, ĺ󹬶ǻʽ裬ÿǶǳʶ, ѾϰÿѹһĪˡ
ͻȻİ⼸մʶ൱ߡ
ЩŮ˾ȻԾֻһԷǻԷͶ
ңЩŮ˻Ȼһ, Ǿǡɹ˪
ԭҪӲģǿ˸ǧŻˣǾǳʺҲԲƨɹ˪
ڣǺƤɹʹҸʹǹǧʺҲѷɹ˪
լôҪʧˡ
ǵһκڣȢôŸʲôܲˡ
ǻЦǧȢڿС۹ⰡȢӺðǧûɹ˪
ǧɹ˪
ЩҪķɹ˪ȻȰĻ࣬ǧԥĽԼеķɹ˪˳ȥҲҪ
ǧҲûʹʺ巴ڲɹ˪
Ա߿Źǧһͨº͵ĲҡҡͷϾȻ˺ƢĽ죬Ϊʲôѡ壡
ǣүˣ˰ɣүȻů
ǧԼľѸٶ˵ƥţüͷ΢΢壬ɹ˪
Ůôôϲ
ɺʲôֽ
ǧһ⣬ɺֵĲô˺óԣһ˵ֲʲôˣʳϡȱЩģںǶġ
Թǧʵʵģλĸ簡λүͿԱȵϵġ
Ҳ֪ȥ֮˵Ҫֵأ˵ҪеĲ
ǧЦЦԱߵĸ˵Ļ°
ͷͬɲ
үĻֻ¡

ǧߣСΧ
үҲǣǶүů߲˱ʾ൱Ļӭ
ҶԹ
ڶүĹչʮ˳ɺүķɹ˪Ҳү׳ȥˣƿûõܻս
˼ҵ˶ôġ
˼ҵŮ˲밡
ɹ˪ЧѸٴ˾ǣҪǳҲһֱ÷ɹ˪ȷ˲٣˼ҼԼķɹ˪Լ𵱳˺ܶȥսأҷ׷дȥѯ
оΪˡ
һɷһӶڴ̰϶вٷɹ˪©
Ȼ˶ʵʵĻˣɺÿ˶˷ɹ˪Ǿûãȫˡ
ȫˣ
˼ҵͬʱجġ
ҹдŸǧʺ͹ǧ
ǧʺ͹ǧɺɹ˪Ĵ׵ĸ׵ףԼװ˺ü޷ɹ˪˻ȥ
˸жӯһûһ죬ĸ־Ȼ䵽ͷϣĳˣˣ
ϣһֱû¾͸͵ɹ˪Ͳ˻Ͳȥؽ͵ɺŴĲˡ
Ҫ佫ңֽýһ͵
ţƺϱͼȻ˽˿ܵؽѡ
ѾˣҪ佫ҵĹټó
Ҫԣ
˿̻һҲܱ
Ϯǧһ·ǰϵĺޣŴϵĹ棬üǲͣĳ顣
̤˰
ƥɹ˪ҲͰˡ
Ȼ㲻ʵϢǧƥȡʮ޷ɹ˪
ô
ܾ
޷ϵ˷ҵĸȺ˴Ŵûкֹѹ֪
޴ǳ˳飬ЩǴ򣬿ˡ
ΪʲôǷһˣ
޿˿ǰʣüͷϵĸȺ֮Ѳһ
޴ԭͷװһ֮ǰ˾ǡ
һǣھ˾յϢ
ھҲûʲôֻǴ̽һǵ뿪ˣ⵹ǽԴĳЩơ
ðľֻǿ
ֻϧ̫ãߵ̫ûаܹ
ƺ֪ԼھǱ˸ˣȥʱҲû߹ٵֵУܿ죬޾ʧ˸ٵ˵С
ĵ̡

׷ԼսţϢѸϯ˾ǡ
ǵ˲Ϊ֮һϲ
꣬ǵ˲ͻȻʶ
֮ǰھǸû̸壬ϲϲҲû˸˵
ǣ꣬Żзһֱûãศټϸս½ţսѩһӿ򾩳֮󣬾ǲ෹󣬱һֱڹעųսʿ
ɱ˹һ壬Ҳôʮϧ
һĽ죬Щ˻ţܻõЩ
ֻǣӽ£ҲϣֻԼϧһ
սǶ٣нݱҲбչĺ֣һս۶û֮⣬ضĺܲҡ
һΣϢþµķΧֶ˼ֻ졣
˵ӻġ
ǰ˵Ѿ̫ܲ͸ԼѾ˷ɹ˪Ҳ൱ϲ
˵콫ƥţȫˡ
ү
佫ǸлүҲ׷׽˾ǡ
ϳ֮ʱЩۡ
ǸǳҵˣϲϳҲŻϣֻǻϰܶŤѣʵЩŹۣûϴ
Զϲݡ
ݸûͷһҵĽ˵˵ٶŤһҲ˵һ仰
ͷڻ϶˵ϣǲǺܲģĶأ
һֱ߻ӵȷĸһȷ߻ӣӣǹĶӡ
ϵų࣬붯ӱεİţĽҲǹһˡ
ң̫ӵˣô꣬λãΪ˰λȥ
ֻû뵽Ȼз磬Ȼ̫ģʹ͹һԩģһӻŰɣӽ̳дͳ֮ʱһʹ졣
˵꣬ľϲ
ÿθϲ඼ĳЩѨλఴѹ
⼸Ѩλûϲĸأͱ߹صҽǵİ취
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҽǧѡģȴҽС
϶û뵽뿪ǵʱ򣬽ҽǱѪȫȥҽʲô·ҽ͸͸ģԼĻ͸Щˣ׵ġ
˵ȴ˵ֻ̫һһ߿Ķ佫ǳɺۣڳϲԽĻ幦Ļһ˹ȥ֣ͣ̽̽ϵıϢЦһ£ҽ
Ͻ̫˷ܣԼĪʵֹ˻ϣ̫˹ȥ
̫֤۵ʱ򣬵ȷüΰŻϵļ򣬲û
Ϊзƫ̱ϵҲӰ죬ҽû׻ǲҪΪá
ఴŻʱ򣬴̫û
££ԼϵۡЦſѾɳٵķ
ôǱ࿴ŷЩʵ
ε˵ûʲôҳżˡ
Ϊˣÿסһ𣬳Ȼ֪˭ܽƢķƵز
ҡҡͷûУԼûд¹ڡ
ҽնˣҪɹ˪Ů˿֣ҷҲȥҪɹ˪
µϣǰԼסˣ˵ŮĲʵ̫ˣ綼ôġ
֪ʲôʱܻ൹Щʱľǻְ
ÿ춼ʵ飬ÿϳʱ򣬶룬ֻ˵ЩʲôҪЩʲô
ʹ͹ϵãʱ򣬻ʹ˵ĶӣȻǸкǳˣһҪ̫ӵұۡ
̫ȻڣѾɳĺܺã½Ҳܷġ
Ǹ԰ʰ֮ĵġ
ֻǡеĳҪʹˣɲǰճƵˡ
Ϸ壬ͲˣΣɵøϽϻ磬Ϲͷˡ
ҲЩ硣
Ȼÿμ涼ڳЦǡǸˡ
ӦúܿͻˣѾס綼ڳԸ壬ս²þͻ
Ҷģ֪ս¶ȻֻǺ棬ЦЦս£ʲôʽģ򣬻ܲѰ
̫⣬ս¶Ȼ˽ɡ
ЦЦҲǣֻôһֽ֣˼ʲôʱȥˣǧľĳҲ˺ܾðɡ
ͻȻһĨ⣬˿ڣڵڡ
˵𡪡ϻŲ
Ҫôأ
սԼ嵶
֮ʱǸճӤʲô
ݳޣδʧ
ûгʱļ䣬֪ΪΣʱ۾ƼѪʬɽ
ã뱨ҲԶˡ

ɺǲ֪Լķɹ˪Ȼô
ԼҲû뵽˸оӶ̫ʹ
ܵŮҲЩ֡
Ѿյ˲ֹһΪʲôɹ˪˹Ӧ󣬴Ů˶òȴҪŮˡ
дŵ˳ֻҪѹ
塭ɺʣܺãע⣬ŵһ¡
ۣŶ
ˣøԼ״ɺ۸ҡ
ɺƣֱˣ
һһƺ
ǾǵѵɺиѾ
Ҫ룬ɺѾ͸һˡ
ɺеţĲãŮ˵ȥд
壺
ýøɺɺȻ˶뷨
Ҳдţͱĺʮֽ
ɺĵһ꣬ǧѸٸ㶨˾Ѿϲùӡ
бʾԼԴ˺֮Σɺķɹ˪ⱲӶҪԱӰˡ
ոմӹ˼һİЩƣⶣȥ֪С߶ø֮ǰƯ˰
ҲϸûΣ˵ѵõĵط
Ҳ𾪣Ϊζ޳ܣΪĿĲֶΣȻҪɺƣʵ̫ĻͳǸ
ɺȥʲô忴ɺȥ
ɹ˪ҶҪ
ԼĵˣԭŴһǿƸ׼ܸɺõģôˡ
òܵİ
ɺͼʣĶˣûˡĵȰɺ
ɺһС
ʲô취ź滹˱ţʾֻҪɹ˪ÿ¸ѼµĻܼҸ
ԴɺѾò
ϾǾˣûµʱ򣬾Ǿһϣ飿
˱ɺäʲô飬Ǹй򻹲翴ǡ
ɺѹԴ˲ÿ춼ѧԳЦ
ɺΨһҵľǣҺòִʶ
Ǹͬѧǰıֻ֣ܹµϡ
ձҪľʳϾҪˣɺɹ˪ֳ˳ļ൱飬ɺѹͲ˵˿̵ֻɹ˪ҵ͵Ůǿˣ
Ħ˹ߣɺղȻбݡ
ϸţûκζߣɺߺһЦǷţѾջˣôܸ°ѱ
ǹӰŵֽսζɺ˵ʲô
ĶɺǲҪӣ
û߽ӵˮ¾ˣ˭
մ粽ĸԼС㣬Ȼ֪С㻹ˣСܹүԭ
ɺ˵𰸡
Ҳ˵ߺ߲ĸɺҪɺÿ̡
ɺʾԼη壬ŮΪԼİûȥˡ
ϵͳԱΧԽԽı֡
ңѧˣΪȻ˲ֶΡ
мذطŹ֣ܵɺŵʱԱ͵ǧֵҪȻ֪
ǲܵɺģǿɺóܣ൱
Сɺ˿̻ڷɹ˪ǰ棬ĳδÿ¶»ɿ
⣬ԼտҲ֣кü¿״ԪдɵС˵ȫүûˣ
ѹΪ˴˾ϹᣬүȻ˲̣̲ס֧ȥˣ嶨Ȼ


 75 

֮󣬾嶼֪үط顣
ڶϱҲݵģ
ǧɱ, 嵽ôСģ
ĽǿĽɸɾ۷Ź⡣
, ûмôɾ
Ľ峤õɵˣ
Ÿӯʲô
̤
ǲΪڶ̫ɵ첻ȥ, ܻͶ
Ҫ
õ̫ܳÿˣ껹Сʱ, ϲŮӾȫϲõܣȵõ, ڸǵĿʼ, õܻͳȥȽϺá
ҲϣõܹԶ㰡
峤ԭ峤õܵʢ, ȿõܶԣͲȥһڵģ, ּᶨԼɷվվ
еɵôɵ, ȻΪԼŪɹ˪, ɷá
Ľ峤
ͻȻõɵĺа
ɵȥ, ֧㣡
, ôСģ, ˵˵취ɣҪˣ
ԭЩСɫ̡Ҳǲ̵ġ
ҵһСϵĻȫˮˢģûн, Ҳסë
ʲô峤һ£ɶ⣬ڸʲô
ǲ֪𣿡õҲˣûиǷ˵ǹֽǲ֪ɹ˪ĺãɹ˪ġ
ɹ˪ǺܺðĽϽЦŽӿڡ
֪õܿά˵ĵڷҺܳ裬ϲ
һ죬õôŮ鶼֪ˣ
õܵȥ˶߾û˰
峤ʵ֪ĵϢ
õʹ˵İ
صԭ㣬ʲô
Ϊ֣ΪʲôʲôֶǷɹ˪ǹ档
õܺԼҸ¿Ľ˺ôһͨŷ֣ûù棡
Ϊʲô
Ƕߵʲô
ȻҪ˲̵飬ѵǵĺҪЩһ
õ峤ںޣҪҪȥͬƾʲôôңǵȴôɾҪһ࣡Ҫ룡Ҳడ
峤õĶĲ״
ȻɥĲ񣬴̾ʹ̣
Ǿûµģļ԰
ԭ;޶ҲΪռˮ࣬ݵسƺõĵط˲Ҫʱط
СһЩ壬Ҫطܶʱ򣬶ţǾ˯ǱģңҲǿһһȥġ
¶Ҳ˼ôȫҪǮ
ɹ˪ͻ˲Ǯأ
ԼҺԺŮ˵˼Ҫ
ѹֹǧ飡
ѹֹ˼˶ֻȢһⶨȻǹ˼˵ı
峤ԽõԽɣȻЦ˿޵ٽĺӵõܣ
ס
ûţ
ˣŻֵܰڴ֮ǰ㣡粻㣡
ֻǣһ̣Ľ峤ȻǻȻ̵ʱһЩûжǵְ
Ľطһӵ峤Ȼá񻹲

ɺҲʱ֪徹ȻС壬ӣĴԭ嶼ԾԾԣҪȾָ
ɺ죬ԸСĸ徹Ȼͷӵ˼¡
ִһǳǹǵص󣬳ϰ
ɺҲ˼״ԪĹ棬ò˵״Ԫͦй츳
״Ԫô𣿡ɺ졣
ܵȷлӡˢӡͼƬǴﲻЩ涨ȻһһŻġ
۷ÿһ״ԪɻЧʵ
һλԼϱ̡
ôܻôࣿü⻭˳棬඼ġģɺ㻹Ƕɣܱˣһҽ㡣
ɺÿպЩʲôĵģ
ΪʲôԼįɷ
ɺĿ壬ŲҪ򺩺
ɺĺͼһϽĻ⡣
ˣ͢Ļʦ𣿡
ɺΪЩ˵
üҡͷǰ˻̫ˣһʮ꣬˼óҫ
˭ЧʣһҪӰһļǱܣһһʱɾͿˣαصϸڡ
ûȤɺҲ塣
Ĳںֱô֪ʦǵ٣
˭ɺ档
ƧȻ˼۸ͣʡǮ
ɺ
ܳڼּС֣壡
ܳһˣӪĺڶ壡
ķɹ˪֮ôܻӭһҪлΪĲиŬ
ôҲЩ浥ɺ棬ȻԸһƬס
̯֣㵱Ҳû˵й档
ңýð˵ͺãҪǮ뻭ʦٱҲҪǮֽҲҪǮˮҲܹ󣬡˵žüͷطƲǵʲôҶν
ʱʱ̶̿Ҫǵ˵ĻҿܾͶסˣһǳûô죿
ɺ
Ψһôˣ
ΪԼ۾ȥǵ

սսķʱƹĻڿˡ
Ȼûԡ
ɺȻǵһˡ
Ƶƣôû˳ԣ
ⲻУѧѧҡ˵ž͵㿴ڶؽɹ˪
ɺǷɹ˪Ϊʲôó
ƹСĵ壬˵˰Է컨Ǯľзɹ˪ǰÿն˭
һ˭ƹû˵
ǰĻüͷһ壬ҪС𣿡
鵤಻ǿͶ
ԭҹ黭ģɺǿнлؾǺЧ֮ʹѡ˺ߣҵ鰡
尵ĶƹĶ顣
ƹЦЦ
ܷ䣬ܾˡ
ʵƹˣ̬һģһƽûƫκһˡ
ңƹһǿñ˿С棬˵ǽС棬͵СڶͱҰɡ
οҲûүǰĽˮ
˵ˮɺģɺ档
ƹƲʾ൱źȻ黹ǵʰ
ɺ׳׳ڿɺʱ򣬻¶˰˿źڻݣһ̾ҪһߴſڣһĺһСһ
ɺ֪Ϊʲôƹûˣ̤˸ߴ׳һѾֲˣϻЦݣ˭ס
壬ǰ˸ô
ãſڣվ˱׼Цݲãҽ̵á
ɺüë£֪ЩΪʲôˣ̵ģ
̷ӦܺԼͣϽɺ¶һֺõЦݣ̵ġ
ƹûüջȥ
ɺ
ɣ
ǲǹģ
обð
忿ɺߣɺ˵ſϰЦݣҿռල
ǧʾֱʾ˵ģǰʱһҧӣһֵء
ŵǵСˣǧ䡣
һԵС۹ǧʺ͹ǧǧʺ͹ǧԾĿһûϵۺʱֵǶԷǿĺܡ
ʲôˣɺòԾ
СԴһֱܹɣŬֵأŬԷ£ٲȻѾΪԶĵڶβͣС٣ֱźˣλֱۿϾҪȡһС˵λˡ
С˴֮󣬾ŬѧϰܵԣȻû⣬˵Ͷд̫С
ֻǣСûпڣ˵ˡ
ԼˣС˻
ɵӣߵˡ
ǧʾͲ͹ǧ˫˫볡ˣֲ̫ˣɺ߲˲䣬һһߣƾ赱ڹ˼ԣڴʿԵĹɹԺúȺã˼ȡ½強һߡ
㣬ǧʱסɺĸ첲˵Ҫչǵġ
ǧͷһһ
ƹһѾĿ˿Լĵһˡ
̤ˣ
˳
ɺоԼһ죬˭̤Ҫչһһˣ
һӲٶ࣡
Ѹٽ˶ɺ˵Ҫչҡ
˶٣
Ǿһ
岻䡣
ǧʺ͹ǧҲ䣬Ǿ
ɺ
źͻȻޱȻִᡣ
⼸Ĵȥ
ԶмĿǰˣôչǣ㶨Ȼһ
ɺֻϽϲˡ
˺õʱ͹ǧʡǧһɺĬĬ˳˵룬ԶСм䡣
ģͲˣԣ
ƹСһ͹ǧʡǧ춷Ļȵ壬ϹԼ˫ۣ˭ɲЦޱģ
һΪ۹⾫׼һ۹ⶼûа
عʱ򣬾ͿСŬĸɺвˡ
ɺôƤҲ˼һСźɺϽСãСвˡ
ϲʲô
ɺ˵꣬ʶСӦҲܵĻ
СеСŵЩ̫׼˵ϲ
ɺ
ѧʽ̾
С򵽴Ҳûж೤ʱɣȻѧ˵ܻ
Ϊߵ˶ôԵɵһ㣬ɺԼܣпڹ˼ҵѪ̲ôߡ
ӳԡСŬĸɺвˡ
ԾͺãùҡɺЦСͷ
Сܳ촽Ȼһᡣ
ҪŬһԸѾߵģ
šüȻģСȻ湴ɺ
С򣬡ԶԱߡ
ɺԶһЩ
СЩ᲻ɺҲ֪Ļܷ
СɵȥԶԱߣʼԶвˡ
ոֻԼԵĻʵ
Сô£СС;˻ֺˣ
Ȼᣡ
ɺԶ˵Сź
ԶǺѧƤ˺
Զɺг㡭
岻ãܳԡ
žĽһţŵĿ壬Ҿ˵ˣҼҴΪ̫Զ־;׼ԼҪ˵Ļ˼Բֻ˵֣үΪҼҴˣ
㼵ҼҴ˾ž޵ӣеЦ֪֪
ɺ
дһǰϣִ۵꣬ɺԼҵܵܣܵôôۣ
Ѹըë˵֣
Զǰֻ˵֣иŬ֮£Զ˵֣ȥˣԶڿ˵ĸ֣ͲԶ˵֣
ҼҴ˿ɲôܷϻˣʾ˵Զ˵Ҵûӵ
۾в˵ʱûпǹң
ң
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ɺҧſӣͻȻ֣壬ûһΣ˵ù
ӣҲͦġ
һ壬ſڻû䣬ͱƫˣԶôִţѵΪΪԶ
ۺ죬ˡ
ֻûзӺãʾȥרϵܣһΣԲ䣡
ƹĬĬΧүһСкܣˡǴֿȵү
ƹ⻷һء
ڽ꿪ҵ֮ǰҲķ˿
㣬С򣬡ԶԼҽ㣬֡

ոջΪԼʤϲãʱ򣬾ĿСʵֶθ߳˱ªɱ۾ҪΪ
ɺͷԶһ˵ĸֵС
ʲôأɺҧſӣäŮЩ
弰ʱΪԼӷǣֲˡ
ɺ
ֲ츳֣˵˻᳤ĸáϲ̵˵ԣҪǲ˳ĺˣ͸ֵصʿȫֲ֣һţֲ˶ţһֱš
һϲ˵ʿһ亹ҺΪֲ˱߳˾ӪԺǻӱڿҿϰ΢ЦֻҪǻصֲӪ
ɺݺݲһ壬ôӪĵս۾Ҫˡ
ԶҲüͷĿԼҽ㡣
ȻǼõģǻֲ֡Լ롣
͸ְɡ
С˷ܵĵͷ
֡ɺüͷڤ˼롣
һԵԾԾԣԶѸٴ˼¡
𣿺үأ
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Լıô尡үԺСھӪеĵλͺǰһ˰
С֣ĬЦݣɺл
ɺǲ˼ˣС˺õʱǳĬ飬һζ˺ã˭мܲˣԶҲΪŶСкø
Ϊܳ䣬ֱ񶨣鼫䡣
ҲŵģЩʿרѵƹֵģЩʿЦĶ׼ɺ˵¶˿ݵЦݣ
̤˾ӪһҵԼҫĵ㡣
Ͳҡβɺ佱ˣɺҲ࣬ҲҪ˵
㲻ƹҵЩ𣿡Ұѻ꿪Ѿܲ˼ˣ⻹ôҵΪԼɷô
Ҷѵã⻹ôȷʵó⡣
ֱԼ֭ˣɺ²̫࣬ʵǲ֪˵ĸãɺޱĿ壬Ҳ֯ʿÿȥĻԷʲô취Ҫһ£ÿ춼Ļ˼ˣ˿ڱ
һ֮Ӧջ񼸸۰ɣɺȭʵǲУȥͼòĹԼֽǣ
СĵĿԼΥôԼʿȥƹĻ꣬ƹ޷Լ츳ˣ

 76 

忴С򣬼ȻС, Сñ뷢Ӻá
ɺ, ͵͵ɽȥƹ⣬Ȼ, ƹĵﶼѾˣȲ, ƹֻľ, ڵԡ
ôһ, жǻ㡣
ûǮԲ, ڸõĵطſеķ㡣
ɺ𾪣ôʵþӪ
ֻ, ɺԶԶԶ˿˶İ, Щ˵ҲǾ, ⸽ЩǮĹ塣
ôЩԸԵģ
ôһ, ˵ƹ񲻻ǡһ˭Ӫװ
ӪĴʦ, Ĵ档
ɺԴӼʶĿ֮󣬾Ϳ϶, ô¾Զƭġ
嵽ôģ
ɺû壬ԭ
˵Ӫ濪һ𣿡
˵ðҲҪԵζļȥˣ
Ľ壺ˣǼû˹ȥԡ
ֲɵ, ûȥĵ̣ԼĲ
ذ壺һҲû˳ԡ
Ϊ˿ڳԵģȥôΣյĵطе
壺ǡ
޻ûг壬Ǿͷ׷ѯʡ
ǺôˣȻȥӪŵ³Ի
˵ǹ극ͱȥͷˣΪԲҪ治ǲԭŮ
ĸ
׷ѯʡ
ųһ亹ϽȥԼãĶͭĨɹ˪ŷɡ
Ҳƣĸ
֮󣬺޲ǸȥӪԼļٱ˵ķ
һķһǻϵġ
ȫ˶֪幫ΪϲһĻɥҲҪǱܣڳ극֮󣬵ӪΪʳҪ׳Լ
һ˲ˡ
˶ȥһڣſڵʿҲôҺаȫУû˸һ¡
˸ˣ幫¶Ʒ˰
Ҳ֪ˣΪһڳԵģɥ֮֡
뵽֮ǰ廹ǧƥˣңʱ򣬴öˣ˶ˣͺôھӣǾȻ֪˿Ϊ˷
п˵壬Ҹ˼ҥԡ
ɺĻˡ
Ǽװµˣģȥ˶ٷּ֮װӪ˴ߣҾˣ
Ǽ峤һ㶼񰡣
ߴ࣬䣬ܵ˺
ǰͷˡ
ɺ
ôôƭ
ɺΪʲôôҲţСһˡ
ǰ˲ǰ
ⲻص㣬Ȼ̫ˣѾ·Ϊʲôдܵ£˶С£˵СıȽϺá
ɺ
Ӯˡ
ΪԼ̫еȺ
ȻܺİԴҲ뿼©ٳĹµʵԣˣŲţ
ܼҵҲˡ
ܼÿ춼𾪣ô㣬¾Ȼӯ˲٣ǵӦүҪӪеʿЩǮӦûӯࡣ
ңԴṩĲˣܼҷ֣Ļó԰
ܼҵĻÿնųӣ֮ǰǹȥԣҲ΢ԣһЩļͥЩûǮļͥõǮҲȥһ١
ңܼҵĻ궨۲үܼǿĺܡ
Ե˶ˣܼôҲ˳ԲϣΪ˴һֹü飬廤ţҪһڻΪµĴˡ
ɺĵĸܼҳһ⣬ԤԼƶȡ
ÿͷһĺţҪţǾǰһСŶӹ죬쵽˾УңԤԼĺ滹ʱ䣬ԱŶӵȴʱķ
ԤԼĺŻʱϡ
ܼҾΪˡ
ǻǹˡ
ɺ
ⶼǰľ顣
嵹ǲĿɺԼӵֻ̺ˣѵɺ͵͵ˣ
ȻʹɺĴ̵ѳ
д˵ϲ
дѾ࣬ԭ״ԪһҶľҲ˸ƣҲкܶԶܴ󰡣
״Ԫ˵ıʺã岻ھǵЩ꣬״ԪԶˣ״ԪЩӶʵʵ٣ͲһˣȻǽӴǿ󰡣ڸӶԪ벻
忴ɺĻˡ
ȻҲûе¸֮ˣÿ֪СŮ
Ҫ׻˭дģ
˭֪˭дĻûڼĽǽѳ˲¶ʮ
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忴˿ɺĻǾͳ˳顣
ߺ;ǻķ񶼲һ
ǵĻΨԼΪ
ͺֱˣҲǳԪŮҲǹ׹ݣʲôŮū𣬹ռ壬Ӣۣջ䣡
ɾӪ֮󣬽ܣɹȢɺ
ȷһԱ𡪡Ů
⵽ϲŮĻϲеģ
ⲻص㣬ŻҧгݵˣһҪ˭дЩ
ǲ鲻ģΪд̫ˣ
˵ϲĶŮʱʾһҪ򾴰£ҲҪ
ɺĴ½ڽߣгǰ٣ҶԻϲ˶Էɹ˪ͻ׷
Ͼɹ˪мУ̫Ȼǻã񰡡
ңһڴߣŮӿ浾ӿźѧĳ˶úã
ȥ죬ĴŴгϽɻĻˡ
ҪȻ˵˷ɻĻҲԶɺ֮ǰǵѸٸɺš
ɺȭһҪסԼľʳ
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ɺԼѡӪ֮˿ʼս
ϵͳҲʱϵĳ壬С㣡ϵͳ
ǰ󱻺Ѻ²֮Щļƻȫ
ڴϲĿɺװɺˡ
ϵͳˢһ¸Ѫ滯鵥
±ƣʲô
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Ķˣҽ˵ڰٶ֡
ǰΪж˯žԴɺԴӽ֮ڵŻᱻ404飬ɹԼĶ
ұɮʣҽֱ˵Ҫɺⶾ֮ǰ壬÷˼ôҩֱӺȵѪͿˡ
ɺ
ײУѪҪѪūĿɳʹãȻǸɮ⣬ҲûʲôãһⶾҪŰѪʵʵİҩɡ
ԭʾͼãڵʸ˵ҽĻǣڳ֮ǰôķεˣٳΡ
˵֮²ԣڴ뷨֮²ıɺϳӷվޣȵʱɺѾǿѾǵ۾Ӷţ֮Ҫ߿ɼĵط
ίίڵſһʱڴԼĻ뷨
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ϱԻ
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źɺһˮɺĻҲˡ
壺
ˣɺײ
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Ϊʲôҿ飿
㿴𣿡ѹһɺĹͬöѣϱôϡ
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㿴Ļ̫ˣ̯ɺǰⱾ
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Ϊ˿С˵ɺ˵ð
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һ𣿲һ
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Ҳ֪ɺеƣƤŸһ嶼Ǻ󹬣Լԭˡ
㲻ظڰɣ
һ˷ܣ´Ұȥͳ˿ڡ
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ٺһЦ˵ɺԼܲ𣿡
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ôڴϣһ
ҲпܵģֻҪɺ룬ϣһнпܡ
ɺ
Ǹһ¶ȥˣ
˳ɳʵ̫Ѹˡ
ɺ屳͵Ļ

ʱ嵹˷ܵĴɺһȥˡ
ͬɺ񱼣һɺ߶
ɺĻУɽһƬͣⰻȻģЩԾЩׯڣ
ţͷֳЩ߲ˣ֦ڱҲֳ
ҽӪЩọֱ́Ƚϻֵصʿ˳Щ˳㿴ֵĲһЩ
ȻҾͽЩӸΧİգЩӣڣȫˣȻͿڸвֳģЩӣƶУҲıԭֵׯҪá
ѵһ˲ĵͷɺɺлл㡣
ɺˡ
޸࣬Ѿϰĸֲŵ٩һɫĻɺ죬еʱ򣬻ٷȥ
Ȼһ㣬ȥĺ̫ãǱĳѺȥ̸ġ
һΣɺʵˡ
ɺתͷԼҹɷ
ʱȫŲߡ
ֻϧ˧һ룬Ϊˣ˧ûпסԼũҵԷһ֮󣬾Ҫص鳤ͷɺЦһ£ɺҡ
˵ţͻȻ٣ɿĴũ뿪
ôҲүץס̤ũǲҪӵ
ȥ֮ðԷЩӣֵĲҵϲ

˵үֻһСڣΪʲôСүȻҪôӣѵү֪úǮ˷Ǯʲô
Ȼڶ죬֪үΪʲôôǮˡ
ү˼һ﹡ȫˣر׼ľֻǸũһҡ
˽ԼȻѾԼ˩ӣϾһƥǶı쳣ר˵õҪƬصĲݣûпйƬ֮ǰԲԱĵطĲݣ
ܳ˾ӪйũĲݡ
ɺһ
ΪûɺƬأڶ컹²Ҫɺһȥ
Ҳȥ
򹷵ĳɺֺõĽɺֱԼ飬Ӻֱϡ
һ㶼û顣
Ȼܶˣ
Ǹѧģ
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ɺֻҪ干һܿǸ߸͹Ķͷ
ôңɺ˼ȰϽȥҪĽһȥ̤࣡
ȴʱջ˺ɺȥ뷨ȻΪǱԺˣҲһϱӢǸˡ
ҪȥһԼҲмɵģȻһУΪʸûˣ³ֲܿģ
ɺϧ𣬵ģɺĵԼˡ
ԼԶԶɺʵܲˣү᲻͸ȥɡ
үСβͣߵ嶼֪顣
ڶ˵ߵ£
ÿһ嶼»ʱͶеӵģǿԣ쿴ǰ
ҡҡͷַ˸ʲôҪŵ𣿡
죬ѵ
㿴ɺȫֻƲſȡҪǵ˵ҽ̵ģҶඪ򣬡ҵøϽ׷ɺ˵

ƷƷԼƷƷɣ
ϵͳҲԺ䡣
üʵʱС㡭
ϵͳˡ
峯ɺķ񱼣ҲΪ˺ϱһȥ˻һ졣
ɺҲΧǵĻ
˵ֲ˵ʱǶɣܲܳɣ·ЦЦֱˬ˵ⷭ츲صı仯ǵ̫֮ܣĵ׶
˷׷׸ͣɺ˼ʵҲǺںŶѡڵ壬žΪɡ
ֻǿͷ˭֪Ͱˡ


 77 

ɺŷһһĳޣɫ΢졣
ǵ˾ʵ̫ˡ
ɺͻȻȹƬ﹡
﹡Ѿˣ
ɺͷʺ, ˵, ѽҼѾݼֵ, ˵и˵رϲƬ﹡ƥ͵͵˼﹡, Ǹ֪֮Ǯ, Ȼ
Ҳ֪ĸ, ǾӪû˰
Ҳû
Ȼ壡
ɺһ, ʼˡ
̫ˣ˺ϡ
Ȼ, ɺϤ˻ɺСŤͷȥˡ
ү˰ϰˡ
һ, ҿʲô
Ȼ, һȺ˾˵Ļ
˲֪үΪʲô, үƢ, Ҳһˣġ
үÿ춼
ɺǺԾ÷ˡ
忪, Ȼɺֻһ
ɺͷĿ壬㲻Ҫ룬ֻǺҳԱ﹡硣
źߵ˵Ȼ, Ҫ̴顣
ҵıʾԼѾˡ
ֻǵȵϵʱְѱ˵﹡ˡ
һιĻǳ½ֵĵء
½´ˣ⼸꣬Щӣ½ڷģһְȫ£׹ÿֵأˣȻա
½ȻˣǱƢڡ
һоԼ﹡Ծͳȥڿ﹡˸֮ŷ֣ⲻү
һϹ˶֪ˣү͵˱˵﹡үҪͷϡ
˵岻ˣү˾ٸ
壺
ʲôˣ
һ仰û˵
һƥүϣڽԼүĻɡ
ңү
Ϊģջһ塣
ǵǱүڹ
˾Ȼģ̫ˣү缸ġ
ɺ͵͵ĳȥ̽һԼķ֮˼һΪʲôķԵô飬ܱĴ
ͼΪԼ⣬ҸǮ˰
ҲˣǮҲû˵ΰ
˸ӲмǮѹա
ʶԼתֱ£Ͻ˵ⶼ飬ô죿
ԼˣҪϡ
壺
ú˵ֲȥ͵Բݵģ
ץԼԱϴ׵Ļᡣ
ǿడ
ÿڴԭϣŶĻǺüѡ
ļƹ񽫻꿪ƹܡ
ЦǲҪ
ҲǸеˣοֲֵأȥŪ˰
һЩճ嶯ǳ
幫ԵĻ
幫õķɹ˪
רԶҲֲĲˡ
˺ģ·ѾΪ˶ʹС棬⼸ίʵࡣ
ֻǣ廹ûпʼϴףִ
˵үǱ度ˣȥ﹡Ĳ˵ġ
үǮҲܿˡ
ɶ񣬽캦үǲվ͸úˣ
ǵڣκһ˽ȥ
忴ԼķֱŤת¶һЦݡ
ôõİӲðײá
ϴԼרҵġ
ɺóԼС¼ڼҹسء
ٴ޹ʲôûΪʲô³ȴôҡ
˿ű˶µʵʵڣȥԻ
ԴܵĲˣȥ롣
嵹Ҳȫ壬彥֣ÿһʱ䣬ҫһһ͹һЩˡ
Ҳ˵ˣȱţҪЩˣţ⻻ˣȻļ۸ҲߣôţȥοжţΪǻȡɹ˪˼֮˾ͳˡ
ļһǲԴУܵĻͻֲ˵ǶҪ
һҪ
Ϊ˳Եģ
Ϊ
֮ǰζԼȻôѸٶȻôϷִһ˭˭ѾصˣȰѴܹռˣȥĸ꣬ĸ壬ʵڲУٴһ
ҵĻ꣬ڼ鲼ÿһ䣬Ҽһׯڣָ߲ˣƹΪԼ꣬ȻǮ⡣
Ϊ̫˼ģû뵽ĲĻ꾹Ȼ˻𱬡
ңΪоӵıӣĻ쳣ȫҲȥ
˭֪үһֳַɣ˭ڻ£Ǻүԡ
Щ꣬үԽԽûô󣬸µ֮ͷȥ
ңӪʿȥŻݰ˱˷Χµˣ·ƽǰֹһҲ쾭顣
ЩԭӳɣĻѸٳ˾Ǻͽһ
ƹ˿ꡣ
һ뵽ЩζͲĴ
֮ǰĹΪԲҪʱǶûơ
ʯҵСӣΪԱȥӪʱ򣬴ú⣬ô㣬˳ŷӿǣ˭̵ס
һҪЩ
ڱصá
Ȼıͱ߽ˡ
嵱ͣͷҲ򵥵ĺһ߽ġ
ĺһֱӽذ峤Ĵɱˡ
ذŭ
˵õˣͲǲǹˡ
ĺһ˿Լ
ԭĺһΪֵ̫ǿ󣬵ͺܲţҲֵؾ͸˵ˣǿܰԼֽȥ
ĺһ峣Ӷȥ塣
ذǰĽݡʱ򣬾͹͹ĺ塣
ǰҲ͹ĺ塣
ĺӺܼ򵥣Ǯǵ˭Ǯ˭ȫĹƽûӣûеʶԶɡ
˭͵ǣذˡ
ĺܴҲܣûʲôأεҲǼ壬ţй̶ĵطҪҲһɣܲ˶Զ
ĺͬҲûбԼϢʶͽˣ
ʲôô
ĺ峤˵ţ
⣿ذ峤۾ҸʮҴ
ĺ峤ҡͷǻ˵ǿȥһһ죬Ҳ򡣡
ذˣĸ嶼ͺˡ
ذ峤Ĭһ˲徹Ȼ޳ܣġ޷ܾ
ѵҪȥ𣿾Ͳ¹ȥû
ġĺţûɱĺʿ
ңĺ峤˵ҲǺܴġ
ذ壺
ƭأҪǴߡ
϶ƭˡ
˵ˣʱԵġ
ذĬˣúãذҲܴ򰡣ΪʲôӶǣ
ԭϵ˶嶨Ȼı
˽ƻˣһк֡
ֻ˶գĺ˾ȻǺ
ĺ˰
ĺڳͺ֮һڵĴͶƱ
ԺҪҪˣ
ȫƱͨĺ峤ոճСӣԼүүǿ֮£̧Լв̫ܶĸ첲
ޣǾô
֮鶯֮
ȥ˴ܣǱ߶Ȼû˽ǣǻµġ
ĺֵʵǻ𣿡
üǶȻֻǴ̣ÿһζǰ棬峤ĿԼȥ𣿡
ĺ˼ᶨ˵˲⡣
˭ǴܳԺþˡ
ǾǸĴܻԸǳԱ
˵ѹǴ
Ľ˳ûĶĺˣܹܽôǱߵĻԣܽԺǾ߲֮˹Ϲ˵ΪǴܵһŮѵǲ𰡣
ĺˣ
ġ
ȥԼٻͻǴܡĺ룬ֻԼٶѡ
ˣһֲĸоǺûֹĺ
ĺ˾ȥ
ĺ˵սʵ̫ˣһؽ磬ұ㶼˾
ʿҲʮֵģĺôʵǸ⣬˵ĵһҪǳԣ˹ܱ
ɺһһ߲˴ӾӪſͳȥ
ɺ࣬ĺ˶ٰ
ĺĴڱ˵ĵϾȻԴȣ±¶
ѵЩҲٶֵʡ
ѹίˡ
ĺĲǲԭϵĴ壬Ǽܲסܴ򰡡
ĺҪٳЩӣ¿ܾûʲôˡ
ֵѹ
ôܳԣȫԳǧ˵ļơ
Ǿĺ˷ǵĵҪǷ裬ҿɱǲһƵס
¶ҲףĺҲɵϣοǳ飬ԭϵ¾˹ɡ
ڣԭϵҲڴÿ춼СĦ˭֪δһһս
ҪĶûĺ岻ʺǵĵ̳¡
ɺһԿһߵ߲ˣ̾Ƕֵ𣿡
ÿնִŵͶιɺֹܲסԼ죬ֻŬÿնʣѾܲˡ
ô߲ˣɺ뵽ģֻ֡
۾һɺ
ɺ
˵ʲôˣ
Բʲô
嵱ȥĺ˵ˣûϵʱҪǴ̣ſԾͺá
ĺԭԼپͻȥ˼졭ĺ˾ٳԼ졣
ȥԭˣҪ˴򹤣ûôóԵģǲŲҪȥ
ĺ̫ΣգҺĺ˶ɺж⣬СĻɺɺӴĺˣɺֻܴѾ˵ĺ˺ˡ
һ֮ϵͳɺһݣĺˣ˾ɹʮ
ÿĺ˳ԵľЩʳ
ԭĺȫϼپÿ˶һ׳ڣĺϼѾûˡ
ȥһˣǳ⡣
Ҳȥۣ֮󣬻ʹ˼ʹԼԷһҪƣ
ĺ˼ֱѪĽѵ
֪ɺϵͳ¼˻棬ɺϵͳĵǰԱƵ
忴Ƶ֮󣬸ˡ
ܺãι¡뿴ôֵĺˣʲôصĶ϶ûмĺˣõöĸ
ֿɺΪʲô㻹ô
ȻһɺҲŬˣΪʲôһ㶼û
ɺ֣֪һģ
ι˶ʲôô
˯ƽĿɺɺһûкúÿ½ˡ
ɺϲܲƽҲžӪܡ
ЩʿҲˣӪԣ˵ҪԼȥ̡
սʿΪ˱ƽѵĸŬˣǾͿԣҪŮɱУ
ɺ΢΢룬𣿡
Ȼĵͷ̫ˣָвá
ҿ˯ĺ𾢰ɺĿģô˯Ϊ˲ˡ
ʲô취̾˿
и飬ͲҪĥԼˣǷ־Ӱɣɺ֣᲻ÿôѹ
忴˿棬ɺҪ´꣬Ҫ£ҪǷ־𣿡
˵ŻͻȻһ
Ѿʵˣ֪ΪʲôɺͻȻ쬵ġ
ЦŰɺ˻ɺӲһѣֻǣĻ̫ůȫܲһĺ⡣
ɺ廳˲䣬ԺؾǣҾͲҪˡ
ҰԳɴӣ廵Ц˵ʱҲûҪ㣬ֻܴջҹ
ҲŲ֡ɺȭǸǳжˣ
óһϵͳһɿʵԲԣ
ɺ
ԡ
ɺ˺òãûպɺ
ɺ˸ۣһŮһҵ
ҾͲҪ˯ûб˯
꣬Ҳ˯ˣ
ҪȥС⣡
ǰ̫ˣͷɺĴ㡣
ҵ̫ʢˡ
ɺ֪ôġ

ûŮˡ
ǷͨͥⶼŮѵ顣
οү
ƴ̧ĵλ̧һ
ֵص飬Ҫ˲ͣ飬ͣоô֣źá
һʼеʱҲֶǿΧƽӣþʿֵأȵڼƻ˳Чƽмʱȴֻ֪ṩġ
彫ԼŬȫĨȥˡ
ɺ۵㣬ûкӣүа
岻檡ôõʲô檣ûܱ߸ȫŵֻҪȢǾǲɢ󹬣Ů
ôȲ
ҲƣǺȢɺû˭˵ҪһŮ˹ˣ
ƴλΪŮȨ
Ϊ˭ǰɵ
ΣҲˣԾ˻ҪСˣûµ˲һһˡ
ǡΪʲô˵ҪΪɺǲɢ󹬣ǵĺ󹬶ˣ
û뷨
ǣûΪԼˮķ
ʵǷܣǲɢ檵뷨˿
һһ޶檳Ϊ࣡û˵һһˣ


 78 

Ľ, ɺ, 䲻䣿
ɺ֪ܲʲô⣬䡣
ʧ, ·ɺ
ڲ˵ʲôɺϵ, Ϸ޾㲻ãҪɺʧͺ, һͷƭһԼϱ
ϵͳ
뷨Σհ
㲻ҪҰ㡣޳ܵĽԼצɺ·
ɺס, 㲻𣿡
ϸ, ΪʲôҳԵĶ໹ݣΪ̫˶
úõҷʡһ£
Ժ˶, ˵檿ԳɹֵүҪĳߴ磬Ժܵүۡ
ɺ廳Ｗ˼
ů͡
Ĳ˵, 廹ͦõ, ʱ̫
ɺЦЦ, ϸ, ɺ㲻Ҳԡ
ɺ᳤ط
ɺĿ壬˵õ, ̫Ӱ콡أ
ʡ
Уɺ塣
ͷĬϣôˣ
һܳ⣬ԺҪһУ
ҹҹŬ֮£ɺʵļƻʼûʵ֣ĺڱ˾ʮϵĴӡ
, ȺԹˣ
ʳ
˵ˣǵ˻ڵǻȥ̣
ĺѹͲߣֻ˵Ѿûʳˣ忪ĺ˼ѵͦŴ뿪ˡ
˺£ڽĺ˻ȥ
Ȼ忴ĿܴӢۣһ˹ܡ
Ҳİ
ذ峤ˣӪʲô
ĺ峤ر𲻿ģرãܳԻܱ
ǾͳԳʵڵ
һĽ˰Ǵ𣿡
ȫŭĿ˴壬嵽ô°ô˵أ
ֻǣĺ˵ԼӪĴĽˡ
ֱţʲôңÿԾ˯ӡҲӵа
˭̤ȥĴ̣绹ûۣȥţ˾ͻȥů͵ĵطûԵˣȥ
ǰһЩԴӴܵĻʵһڸض˰
ܻʵѣ
ĺ峤ҡҡͷӪǳԿˡ
һʧĺ嵽׳˶ٰ
üͷţĺ嵽׻ܴ̣ܲ
£ǳԻʲôˣ
˯ĺ˻ش롣
ǡ𣿡
ĺ˷ŭˣⲻ
Ǵ̥ʱͻ̣
Ȼ󡭡ĺ˻ûǾ;ֵܡ
ҪŪ
ôֵĻôܣвУ
ĺǿѹĲӶ̧ˡ
˳Ĭˡ
ݣĺƥñӶѪܲ졣
Ľ峤ײģ̤Ľģ
ˣܽûԱ
ĺű˱Ƣĺһ㶼ûʶĽڿοǵĻüͷ˵һʵǹ֣ʵŪǣ
Ľͱ˱ӡ
Ҫ֪ǰľǶɵӣĻỳĺ˹Ҫ£
õǹɡ
ĺϲùع󹻳Ҳ
ذù˹ع
ĺ˺üûᵽټһ⣬ȥõϵĵʱʮѣ˾ÿ־ǡĺû
ˡ
ĺҲʶ˲ף⵶Ӷѣǰһ㻢趯ˡ
ĺؿ˱֤ǷģĺӢֻۣûжű£һ仨ˮ
¾ܺ𣿡޷ʡ
ĺһûˣĺ˵ͷ˿ԼϵӾȦÿ춼ţԺźǶû濴ԼͣһͷҲŷ֣ʲôʱͷˣ
£ĺ峤Լ⣬
òײô⣬˵ͼе㲻á
ֻĺ
λһʲô
ؼǻҪ㼱
ĺ忴ǰˣԵأ
Ըƨذ峤׷ˡ
ǸԼһڰ
ƨ̣
ĺҲˣǿʱܴ̣ˣ
Ȼˣαǧ򻽵Ľǽл
Ʋǣĺ峤һѽذ峤յ˵ϣȻǱˣǿǸӡ
ǸϽȰܡ
ĺˡ
ĺӪ߻ˣĺ˵ĳԷҪӦĺ˲ԡ
һĺһɺһʣԵıͲ࣬һûϣһͻݣܾҪĥȺˡ
ʳҪˣǵȥһܿ˳ԵķͷȴʲôûС
ȥˮãţûгʣû˳Եġ
ƬأҲû취ֲӴ˵ʳ
οӪԽԽǿƣżСӳȥ٣ܱʱأ»زȥ̫ԭɱǣҪˡ
峤ʱĬĴһ¡
϶Ҫģ˭ͷҪһˡ
ޱ˳Ĭ
ذ峤Ŀۺޣǰ꣬ͷʵ̫ôҶһţϾǶˣ޻ᡣ
ǵûڵˣֻڿҲṇ̀Ѿɲž
ٿǰȺΪʲôص
ĺвѾˣ嶨Ȼ˺֣͵ȥʱʲôŵ㡣
ʳ࣬ʿս߰ʱ
޲ȺɵӶˣԼҲܵǣ
еķָֻ˵Լûжս
༸ַЦ˺һͨ޸ԼҪȺɵӼƽϣǳ׵˭ɵӡ
޿Цذ峤ذ峤ڻѹǧľͷǷԼĴϣΪսƷҫ
²ۣذ峤˻Զһá

յ˺޷롣
ްѺһ˹
ɺƵʵһôҹ
һѵĿɽ
СӵܵʱɺСһ飬ȻɹСӲ߷
СȻ֮ŮûκȤΪչԼãŬСչʾԼļֵСȻмӣѸԴ
ɺڵ֮󣬾顣
ѵĺ̨ɺȻҲεˡ
ǰʱѻǸһЩ鷳ġ
ǰʱλϣӺʹ֮䣬ټϻϿӺʹӵĹϵ̧ѵĵλ
ȻѾˡ
ֱɱˡ
뷨ҲֱӣҲϣӺʹӵĹϵãɱѸ˵ĳޡ
ɺ룬һѻ˺ܶӣֻǣѻˣ֪ô
ɺ档
忴˿Լϣͦõģ̣Ϊɱ˲ٳ檡
ûİСһȥ֮˸մϣ͸ԲãԭѾͰ߲˺ܶʪѿ
СϲˣȻܲѣѾõ
Сӵĵ֪ѾͱС׸ĵ
Сӵĵѵʱѵָ𣿡Ͼ˰а̺ڻ͹𰡡
ҡͷ̫ܲɡ
ͦģﶼĲɺǰڳµС㣬Ȼﶼ
ֻ塣
֮ǰֱ˵ɺЦһۣûһ仰˵˳ʲôӶûͱӱͱ˸͸
Ҫ֪ڡɺͷ룬ܻһ޸壿
Ĵȡ
ݸɺһСӣ֪ܳܣ
ʲôܰɺɻѵ˼
ȴ򿪲ӣɺͱϵϸڶͼˡ
ɺʱҲǱҽйǰգܻͼҲĴŶ׶԰棬͡
ɫʹˣ֮ںܳ趼ΪӣѧģɺҪҪҲѧһ£
һѧ֮˵㡣
˵꣬ڴĿɺҪǲҽ㰡
ãɺСӻ壬ÿ춼ڷôʧ裬СӻʲôҾͼ
ôľ˵ġ岻Ҫң类Ѻˡ
԰ɺںôˣ
ͼЮͼΪδ
꣬ƭһϱôôأ
Ϣȥ塣
Ҳ̫ˣңЩʹӻӻǣټǶɺ飬ζܷŹ塣
ɺͷôȵڲŽǣ֮ǰʲô𣿡
ɺ֪֮ǰߣΪ˳ϣҵһڴܵİ壬ڰѺһôΪʲô
һԶ
ɺɻͷ
ȥһ˹Ҫµʱ䡣
뿪ô𣿡
ɺȻˣֻǻûͷͿ޵Ŀܺ棬ɺػĵطɺѸٱԼҷãһ̶ܺͷֿ
⡣
ҾͰǽйɱˡ
֪ɺԼƣոյһĻӦôҶΧ۵ġ
ϧϱôԼҶ֪Ҳ̫ˡ
ʵҲô˾ɱô˾˾̡
ĳô˱岻⡣
ү˿Ҳţ壬֮ǰ˵ĺúõģһֱ˵ʲô岻ܶ¹ش󣬷ǳá
үҲ֪嵽ڼƻʲôû취ֻðĵš
뺦ֶŮˣ
⻹Ǻõ˰
ǰȴɱү̴ģʵǱ
Ȼһ죬ɱˡ
үѪһѵ
˭֪ûˣ
Ϊʲôˣү˸ԭ̽ѯʡ
ѵߵ𣿡̽ޣүôʲô
үˣʲôˣ
ھӪѵһʿѣ˭ˣ
̽ó°Ĺ棬滭˸ү滹һλֻҪ弰ʱ뿪;Բṥߵ塣
ү
ƨ
ĻҲǴ󾪣Ǻ˵ıƣҪڲ֮ذ
үһֱҺѰں뿪үĳ𱨲ˡ
ңүôܲ壿
Ǵү񰡣
壬ѵҪ幥
Ǵү֮󹥴壬ԴүķӰ찡
үҲüͷ˭ģӻô󣿡
Ļţ
ص
ңˣȴү˿ɰˣ
үĻȥת˺üȦڿ϶ѾľıȺˣǨȥˡ
նɱЩˡ
үŹ˺壬˼˶ȥʣ鶼˸үȥţôүͷؼȲҪԼȥùһ˵
ү
ȷûд
һع̱һˡ
үԼҲڰ˭֪徹Ȼ
ߵĴү巢˺ü͵Ĵ壺
˵㻰۸ǿŵ壡˵õĲأôı֮ǰˣ
ǧ򲻹͹ţܣҲܣ
һ嶼򲻵ˣүҪȥ
Ļһ飬̫ˣɲȥοЩ廹֪ʲôʱپҪ
а
ˣ
ˣҪù˼ҵ˲飡
ˣȥңүܣҪߣֲû죬ƾʲôҪ
ĻŸ㻰
òã
ȷǻȥ㣬һ·ȥ
ĻȰүΪЧĻͼ˼ҵдţȰүҪȥ
һΣ˼ҵ˵Ƕһ£ȫߴүиԭӦû£ĳǻ㱨ģʵ붯̫ģǰؾǹðɡ
ܼһ̣һ졣
ү˵ˡ
ֻǴүһһһ찡ôȥ翪ʼõʹ֮
ó綼ùһΡ
үˡ
Ļſ޶
Ļź͹˼ĻŹͨһ£˷ģ˼ҵ˶ȥ˰
ĸƨ
϶ҪŪˣ
ȫûпס

˿̣߸˵Ĵɺ
Ҫһչˣ
˵Ҫã
ˣͶʯҲˣ͵棡
ʱһҪúõɺǰչʾһԼսһ뵽ͼ֣ˣɺǰҫһԼôһ룬ƲסԼļ֮顣
ȻԽԽ죬ֱӳ˵ȺС
壺
˵㡣
ֳ˻ȥ
ˣ
˭СˣŲ˰
ޣ
ûᣬɱǲɱ
ȻѾԶˡ
ͻȻվ
ֻˣ񱼲ѵսʿͰҪˣ˭֪үʲô裬ǰһ
ô׷׷ϣҲûмүˡ
㶣ոǲǿɱ壿
ľ˵ǰôɡ
˭̤뵽廹Ĳ
˭̤뵽ôλɱ壬ɾǲŶԷȻ޴ʹˣ

 79 

˳սȦ
ˣǲ, ֮ǰ, ߹еĺ˶, źѸ뿪ֻʣûƥĺˡ
޺˲Զ, һźޣһʵ, , Ҫȥ𣿡
նɱĺû, ˣǶӪĴһܴ
ҲĶ, ôȻ, ӪԶ, ˭֪ʲô, , һΣ
ҡͷ, ʼԼˣǹģúǾͿ֮
ˣ
ΪʲôҪѧ˵Щ秵Ļ
, źͦеģǾɡ
ֻǡΪʲôǧѺӻɱˣ
ܾе֡ˣǲҪˣŭ
彫Χס
ʱ򣬺˻֪ΪʲôͻȻ뿪ˡ
˵õģҪأ
˲䷴ӦⶼıһˣҪԸǡ
Ҫ˵ôͬϣ峤ĵܵܿŮŮء
峤˵ţͻȻһ٣ŮǲǺɱģ
壺
ôɵ׵ôڴܽЩƵģȫһ
޵ĵܵܵɱͶ·ٽԼ޵ܵܵݣ˺ȫ壬Ȣ˺Ĺ
ЩһֱæڲԭսټܵܵСҲһ޾Ȼ©ܵܣ֮󣬺ޱϮǧȡܵܵ׼
޵λλģǺĵӣֻһСѾߵ˽ӣԼã޽пɱļ̳УŮȫɱ
ҲΪѣ޲ŷ˺;Ǳߵı
޻Ȼ嶼˻ɴͺͺϣֱӴӾǣܸ壬Ⱥȥ˾֮󣬾ͿʼڣõĻᰡ
廹ûȥ֮ǰǼֱһ飬ҪܴӺ֣˵Ѿ֮ϵֻǿĵˣԼסòеֱס
ռôȴӲת磬ֱ޴
Ӿǳ֮󣬺޾ϵ壬Լĳ⡣
ǣúȽŪ
ͼɱɺͺг֪
޲Ϊʲô˲ɱҪɱɺ
ؼɺһŮӣ˾Ȼɱô꣬ûɱ
ΪʲôҪɺ¶
ֱһʹ
޲ףޱ˱㲻ϲҩϲϵĿС
ҲΪʲôǵҪɱɺ
ǵѽӺĻǶѵΪҲĬˣܻеԼƢ
ҲҪɱˣֱȥɱͺˣǱҲдܵľˣھеԼ͹˼ҵĹϵָЩˣǳ򵥣ǵϺ
޽˹鹦Ҫ
ȫû뵽ǣЩ־լУ̫Զˣɺ;棬ʵ̫ˣ岻ãúҪͽЩ鷳齻˺ޡ
ԸҲԸ˦ƹ
˽Χס
һ峤ϽģǿûɱľʿͰգ
Ц
ЩУĸմ˴ܰյѪЩʲô
ָָѣСӺͺɱۣͼıҵıߡ
źϧްĵܵɱˣȻСӽײԵļһҲҪһϧˡ
ӪһˣȻҪɱǵԭͷŭ˲ŭֵ
˶ָˣû˺˵˷Ҳܲ汻ɱ
Ҳսĵϣʱˣˡ
Ը´˱Ѹ뿪
ȵˣ޲ŴԼȥ©
ûпԼˡƣովѹʽһսۣӪûˣ˳ߵѾȫˡ
ʱ򣬴ĺöԭںĴڣϱûʲôֵǮĶ
޵ͷǻȥɡ
ҪΪ˸ԼϷҲôҹûʲôԼ©
޵Щ£ͻȥ
ǹΪʲôأ
˵õ̵أ
Ǻûõʲô
޴̣ǻõ˺˴ĺöȻ࣬˸ҽĵܵܣҲҪı

忭飬̱Ѻ˴Ρ
ɺ֪ÿδ̻Ϊ˲Ѭȥϴڵš
ܿ죬ͻװ
ץˣ
ͷɺô
㿴ɣɺҡͷ˵ԼҲûʲô뷨ܹҲ壬㰴Լķʽͺˡ
ɺͷ
ɺȥ𣿡
ɺҡͷǻ˰ɣѸԭɵӰʵ̫ˣңҪŮ䣬ɺʵǵģԼѻʲôĻѧӦ
һڻû˿ô죿
Ĳɺʵе㺦ѣὫɺڻɺļ˵ȥˡ
ɺùֵֹģԼɷȥŮ
˵꣬̾˿治ȥ
ֿʼˣҪǶɺĳˣɺˣŲԸȥ
Ϊʲôȥɺ֣Ը飬һ򶼺飬֮ǰÿζҪѵʱ廹߶ҪϽŪ
˰Ƥ߰ˣ̫ˣҺ˯ž
ߴȥɺ룬ջ˵ѻݵͦصģҲûʲôҩһ˿ڵȷˡ
ҡͷǿɲУҰú˯ôõŮ˵ʲôӣúСӿѵʵࡣ
ɺΪĬ棬ɱ˲Ѫ
ͷɺۣҵȿ㳤ʲôȻܲˡ
ɺСĵѣ㿴ҵӣȥѵӣԱ̫ܲ𣿡
壺
пܰ
Լθ
ôˣɺ졣
Ҳ̫üͷ֣ôˣ
ϵͳĵġ
ûεʱĵġһ˻¡
Ҫ忴ϵͳռĵķ֣ûˡ
ϵͳĽʾŵ˾
ɲ֪ʲôȻϵͳоԼҪˡ
ϵͳĵĽͶ߰ťҲˣϵͳͶߣʲôĿԸϵͳˣҪϵͳģ
Ի𣿡ɺ죬θǸ޵׶ôʱ䣬ԳŵһΣû岻
Ȼ㲻Ҫȥˣҽ㿴塣
ҡͷĵҲܳԻӣȻ뵽Ѿ͸׹
ϾȻŮˡ
һ
ȥ˿ҵͺˡᶨΪһѵĹ
ɺƺҲûʲôµӣüͷÿ춼ǺһԷģҪ¶ʲô⣬Ӧñȳ֢״ǿûʲôϵɡ
ɺͷ
ϵͳҲڿռ˼һ顪Сôˣ
ѵܶԸС
ܰССжˣ񲻻ɹңһ
ϵͳȹ۲һ״
Ҳֻڸոһ˲䡣
Ѽ˱ڵ棬ɫɥ壬үΪʲôҪ飿
ʵܲˡ
Ե·𣿡
˭ܳԵ°һôʣʱԼθڷɽ亣ζǰҶԲ¡
㵽ΪʲôǵҪ˼ҵߣ̫ײˡ
ңү־ӣرľӡ
֪ΪɺѰġ
ⷿ滹жģ˭֪Ѿӷŵ˵棬˺üյú͵ƣεƻͨȰ컹Ҫҫۡ
ڵ滹ѵļ
ոսߵʱѻܵˣȥվӣŷ֣ѵԭģѹͲ֪Լʲô
˶ûչˣңͭԭģѴǰƭƭԼڿžʵѾˡ
ͬʱĻкͬʱԼСŤһ𣬻⣬ȻôһŮˣ
ÿնʢѣΪѻɱͶӣһ㱡
СҲİѾԱߣһСӣ
Źɡ
ǰͿСұѣɺǾпɣѸɺҩɺƼݣ֮ȫ˾
ɺ޸֮СǱһξǣԶԶƼ˺һ伯еɺСЩڣ֪Ӧðɺߵġ
ǲĸŮˣڵѣ
ֲ̫ˣ
ŵ棬˴̶ļк
ͻȻ°ͣѹǧʺ͹ǧй

ү˰ɣǻǺӰǶӰ
һԺ󶼲ϲŮô죿
üͷЩ˵ͣ룬һ汻Ѵ̼Ժϱϱߣǿô죿
õһӵ
ϱҪҪˣ
ҪھͰѴú󻼡
ֻǣ廹ûнȥͨԶˡ
ʲôüͷ
㱨𡣡ԶԴӶС֮˵ˮƽͻͽڣٳЦԶСͣͻᱻΧȰ˵һ㡣
޹ԶСͰ
ţԶ˵ԣ
˶ȰԶ˵ĸ֣Զ˵ˡ
˵꣬Զ˵֣ԶҲ˵ˡ
Զֻһԣһۿȥͱү׵˶ѣүμԶҲڮԶ
壺
ԱԶᣡ
˾͸мˣ㿴ԶҲûʱ򣬳ЦͰ
˵ˣԶҲʲôûǴҺϲԶӡ
Զ򲻹ˡ
ԶȻѧգѧһҲ츳Զʵ̫СˣټƣԶҽȥΣһᱻԷץвǡ
ǧʺ͹ǧҲˣ˵ʶɺĳˣҶԾԾԡ
һĹǧʺ͹ǧЩôǲأ
˼ҵˣô˼ҽ
ӣԹ˼һ
ʵϣϣְ
Щϸĥһ¸ӦòѸΪѸüȥ
ûиھǵʱ򣬹˼Ҹھһң
һȻƷôǳҲϵȣľ൱üĿ㣬װۣʮָɾ꣬һϷǱߵģûеķζ
Щ꣬ѾΪ˳Զ⣬ӪܸŮϲкӡ
尵ͶιĺһķʽͶιԲ֣
СӳԵĵǺܶ࣬ǲ֡
͹ǧʡǧһ΢һ㣬ܼЧͼӰ
̾
Զȵסȿ
ǧʺ͹ǧͷȸȥ̽̽
Զ鸴ӡ
һֱֵأڻӪļһĿ
ǧʺ͹ǧʱΪ˵İȫǽǷڻӪġ
ȺҲ˲μӹһЩСսȥ֮Ҳȥˡ
̵ʱԲõİ
ǾڴӪʿԣ˳ιԼ
ԶǵʱһɫĽڣ˲뻹ģȫӪӪˡ
ǧʺ͹ǧȥһ֮ͻˡ
Ǵĺףܵ㻹ȱȥˣǿĺܴҺܲˡ
۲һ¹ǧʺ͹ǧ˵ȷɫףûӡ÷ڡޣûθڲá
ǲ𣿡
̫ܰˣرۡǧһ¶䣬ѵܵܣȥʱһҪס䰡
Զһüͷ
˽йС˧磬ԶѾż
䣬ʵǲ˧ɽ
岻ĵļʵûӰθ𣿡
ǧĦ˼ãȻʵҪǵȷˡ
ƨһʱǰŸոճԹ
Ҳó˰ٹһʱҪˣǧʺһЦôһȷǶˡ
忴ȥˣţ˴ȥ
廳ɰﻰʵԣѵôֲ
ǲǰȽϷϲģ

ү͵͵
֤ݣ
үһ֮ӣ
ȥǰΡ
ֵʱȷ壬˹ǧʺ͹ǧѸ϶䡣
嵹ǼʱĸԶס˶䣬ŶĤĹ
ԶҫһȻԶˣǲر
ȻͿԶסСĶ䡣
С֪ʲôʱԶվţͷͿ۾ֱŶԷ
Ѹٴˣʮ²̸
Զ
˵ģȥ㡣
ÿһγܵʱɺеɡ
Ƶ˺þãɺǾ͵Ǵʮ꿪ʼ̸ͺˡ
ɺҲ֣ѯʮǰأ
ʮǰǵϵȻͱϳ˷ӷվ
壺
ɺȡ֣
ԶȻԼҽ⣬СҲýΣһͬӵĿ̫ˣÿŷڮٽ㣡
ҲϳԶ
ɺң𣿡
㲻䣡ԶĿ΢䡣
ǵ顣
ûǹСʱκһ顣
Ӧɱģѽ˫֡
Ӧĥǡ
Сӵһ۾Ϳ׵ɺֱɺ֮һǣѾĥɺɺһձһ˥ܡ
ԭѾˣԭھǵʱɺҲҪˣǸʱ򣬺Щ֣뵽˶ɺɺΪ̤ӽ˼ҵķ
˭֪ɺˡ
֮е鶼ʼĿơ
ɺȥ˹˼ңɺԽԽѺ£Сӿɺϲɺô죿
ֻĴ֣ûгɹ
Լˡ
ɺվȴÿһ䣬Ǵܻ壬ĬɺµһŮ
е˶ȢɺΪ١
Ϣɺߵ£´ȫΪɺԵʡ
ѲԸүѵɺȵͷһֱ֮𣿡
ҪԸҲ԰岻⡣
ҪɺԸá
û뵽ôײɺôʢһǹ˼ڱƲԵʣ˼ɺ˵ΪԺɺλıҵ£˵һϣǹǧ֣ǹǧʣǧԶ
ͷԶͦо֮ơ
Զһ
Ŀ˺ɵϣջĿ⡣
Զšü岻Ҫƭ򹤣
ϵƭ
ŲʲӵĻϣ
˵һû˱⡣
ڳĹ˼˽Ŷ䣬˵ʲôɿ
ԶûӦ̫ͼܣ廹ûôɵ
һ֣͸Һ룬͵׷Īɡ
ֻСվ˳㲻Ҫҽ㣡
ץסᣬүɺ年һ𡭡
£á
ȻҲ֪ΪʲôԼϵֲ򣬲νҲǸ϶ѣں
ҪǣԺҪ޸ԶԶɺߴߡ
¾ͲɺãȻԺԶĹϵ˵
弫䲻Ըٶһ̣ΪԼδҸ廹á
Ҳģã
úٷϻոյĹСʯӣ˺峤СӵĹؽѨλ
ɱ𣿡忴Զ˵ȥɣԶǷһ顣
룬ö飬ǵҪ
Զһ

Ľ㣡û
ҲɱѣǡΪֺԼϱˡ
ȻԶᣬҲˣû취ϱƿô
ԶѣüͷʵǿȥˣҪΪ˻ĥˣԲѵƤߡ
ŲߣͻȻθֲԾ
ѻǲϷûĹϵɺʲôõģ
ɺһٱ
ѿҪ˵ͻȻŶӣŻһ¡
壺
ոǸʹھͱɸŻˣѵжˣ
ԶѸٻͷôˣ
˼أɺںŮժͻȻ֣Ҳеˡ
ɺȻЩɻ󣬵ϲʹ࣬ϼԱЦ˵Ե̫ˣҲ
УԵĶ֮ǰˣȻҪȥܲ
ɺŸո£ͻȻվƮ˿һϾưôꡣ
ɺ
ɻɣһģѲԸˣԸʣԸɺһǡ
ӣǲûˡ
ҲֻǸŻһ£ܿͺˣɺǱߣ忴˿Ҳûʲô
үԻˣǱݺˣ
ѵǺʲô
ү֮ǰеĶ
үеĶѾкˣҲû֪ҽҲ˵үΪʲôãֻ˵үү֮ˡ
㣬ʼձԵϵͳǿԽ͡
ǽҩһ֣ȻȫⶾҪĵ޴󣬵ǼܲסͰҹҹֹͣԼɻĲԾôѸٽˡ
ֻϧԼ˵
ҲҪգҪ˵ˣЩ˿϶ҪŰϱ岻ЩָĻᣡ
ֻܽⶾɺԵʡ
˲֪ɺôĶһʱ䣬ɺ͸Ӹߴϡ
ɺ˵˯ģԼš
ϵͳô趨ģɺʮֻǸϵͳǣͳӺʲôͳӣÿ첻ǿӾ磬ϷһϽĶûУɺҲ²ⲻ
Ҳ˵Ϊʲôް
ҲӰ쾫
ͷԶɱɱɱĻɱ
Ŷӵأ
ԶɵĿ壬ܾԼǲǱ·ˡ
뷴ӦүȻΪƭү˿һС
үǻɺԶʵӵСָ̳塣
һѹԭط˼Լ
Ϊʲôôƻ
ǧʺ͹ǧԭŶ䡣
ֻЩƣΪʲô˶䣬ǲӳ
ԶȻᣬãԼ
ͽĳ
Զ壬򴽣߽˵Ρ
վڵ治ĵеʯӣȻҲɱһɣΪʲôҪԶΪʲôô󷽣
еСʯӴ
ᾯĿԼү
Զܿ죬ȻԶҲսһһС֮Զս֡
ԶӵγĬĬĸÿĿڶͶһöСʯӣ룬Ҳɱˣ
ῴԼүĶ˿ãүûɥĲ񵽺һСˡ
ˡ˵һɼҪ˺ľʹͻȻ
Զ½壬ôˣ
ǽҽүɡ
Ĳүһֱ壬쵽ôˣ
Ҳüʹֻһ˲漴ʧˣôˣ
ϵͳ˿Ѿʼ̳ˣӣˣô£ûŵʲô˼ĸͳ飡
ֲĵĿ˿ɺǱߵ꣬ɺŮһ÷ꡣ
ĺ֣ˮ̲ס˵Ϊȥܲһ
ɺЦЦ궼ڣ˵һʱͣˡ
⼸涨ȻŢʺܲȹ죬ˣȥܲ
ɺ÷ЩˣͻȻ÷Ӿˡ
÷Ӿɿڣɺһϲ
ϼվ˵½ǰЩ˺Щ˵ˣԾȥҪū澸ҪһЩȥ
ɺͷ
ֻǣϼո̨ףҲ֪ô£žʹһ£ֱˤ
Ժ˸Ͻְ˽ŵĽϼ
Ѿһյʱ䣬Ѿʪϼˤһ̫ƽ̹棬ˤȫȫŢ
ϼƽԳơ
ƽϼҲעԼڣǰ˴ϼĵɫͺˣᶼ˳
ϼûŹͷȹǾû⡣
ɺϽ˽ϼЩӣûвˣ׼ҩͣˮ¸ϼһ
ϼҲҪ·ŵһɺҲ˺÷Ӿơ
һ߳ҽȥһ߿ɺǱߵüͷϼƽջȣվˣոһˤʵ֡
֡
ҽ˿ŴɺСԺ͵Сۡ
ɺ·ֵˮӣˮֳɺҲʧܡ
˽۲࣬ʱҽƴĽĸСһ
Ǻ˸ܣ
ҲԼĿģ㾹Ȼ͵ԣ
ҽ춼ǽۣǲ˵ҪεӣϽס壬үҽҪţ
Ǻãҿɱ
ҽ
ˣ
ϴ֣ˣ
үܳʲô飿СۣԭһһԣƷܾõˮѸûˣҽǳ壬Ҫɺɷ·ˣίԼ壿
Ҫ忴
ҲƺҪ˵ģҪɺһ쿴ζԣ壿
꿴һӷ
Ͻ˵үոһʱ֮ڣǶǸʹүôˣ
䣬үһرŮˣǲǱ̼ˣүôôܲô̼
˵žҪε˵˭أ
һ㣬ɣ˵үܲô̼
Σүҽɡ
ȻҲͬ
Żʲô֢״ʹʲô֢״
彫ԼոյķӦһ顣
ҽ̾˿֪𡭡
Ϊҽʲô֣ҽ
ү㼯Ů˻гºǰ֢״ڸոһʱ֮ڣ㾭˻еӵĹ̰ҽЦΪĲĸ첲ϺҵŲ
үסȱɱȻǰɱϽȥס塣
ҽΪ
̤Ҫ˵ǣǶ̰ү̰ɡ

 80 

ûëѽָŵҽͣԼЦݣϸϸĸ, жһ顣
үΪʲôḹʹŻš
ҽϸϸĸһ, ûκ⣬үܺá
ү᲻ж
ŵʵ, ղ˽Ӵ֮ǰɺж, ҲΪˣ᲻Ҳʹйأ
ҽҡҡͷ, ھɮ, ʲôж, ûϵɺж, 嶼ж
үǲı̼ˣ
ҽɵ˵㿴ƽҳԸˮС, ƢС, Ƣ, һǱĥġ
ɺ͵, ˮɺ˵ʲôģ
ͬǷ, Ϊʲôôԣ
εҪҽ˸Ͻסûأ
˭ûͷȵģһҪҽ
ҽ˶㣬ȫӪҽϵү
үֱʷĵĻߣ
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˭ֹΨһĽ˳ӣ

 81 

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СھǵʱͲʵΪĵܷ𣿡
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ԶԱ߸òӰɣҲˣɴкˣ˵ǧʺǧ
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ǧ˶٣üë˳ʵں׳׳ľǧʺǧ𣿡


 82 

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ү鸴, ̾˿һ㶼û߰
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ԶһԺ塣
һ͹˼ҵ˹һ

˼˴ǰݡ
ҪҪ
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ɺߵʱȥҽ
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µƳ죬ԭԼûл̫࣬˵ر׼ǰһܻ߳һǾ飬ɺû⡣
Щ첻˵֢״ʵУɺԼ̰ԵӣоеԼ
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ĻǴɡ
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Ÿպˣʱ˵ĽŶ׵Ь棬ǶЬӡ
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ˮοıǸɵģӲĥ
ɺͷ԰ǲĥĥ
ɺ⣬嵱ȻҪӣ֮廹뵽Ů˻еʹࡣ
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֮ǰŮ鷳뷨ʵ̫ˣЩ鷳ŮУӦðѿɰɺġ
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ͷȷĿɺ𣿡
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ֻǣϾҪսЩ֪
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ʾ
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ΪѧѧĿ죬˵ֺãһ㶼ᣬңÿζһűɽơ
Ǿ;ϲķ֣һСְ
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ɺʾ֪Լҷһ棬ص̫ˣ
ʲôűɽ֮
뵱ҲǱƭˣΪǸˣ֣Ҳ˾źÿֱǱ

嵹ǾˣΪʲôҪңǲ˯ţҴñӣ
һȻӣ˷˰ҩˮ
ܿ죬˯Ϯɺ˵ñҲҪҸӢġ
ɺ
ܶô
ͻȻɧô죿
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ɺҲӢģȻñӡ
ɺȷ˯ţͿʼϵͳ
ֻϵͳ֪ʲôȥˣɺ˵ϵͳĶԻťûӣٻһͳ
ɺǰĻɿŸɫ岻ͬĻ
֣ȱʲôУÿ˶ӰС㿵ңҳҵ
С㣬250ͳǸϲͳСԺǣҳרҵһɶȶڰס
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С㣬Ҹ˵250ʵˣϵͳûгδ֮ǰ250޻֮
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⼼ѵϵͳ
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ͳǻСţƣ
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һˡ
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ϵͳ˵ˣ
ɺܵ˵
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С㣬⼼ԼİҶû⼼ܣȥ˭֪ˣ
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飡ͳѪ飡һǩͳѪ鰡
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ǿ壬ľǿϵͳļܡ
ˡ
ɺܾͳǵİ飬ʵں棬ͳӸǽͼֱˣӰɡ
ͳҲʧĵ
ɺ֪ǰصϵͳ壬崽ϡ

 83 

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ҪҵǣҲ֪ƭң˵ûõģΪʲôûãǿҪɺ
ɺ˿壬̲סЦðɣӰܴˣսҲҪȷԼ嵽Ρ
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彫ɺһѴϣںʿǼĺ, ɺӪ
, ɺЩġ
ˡĵĵԼ᲻ˣǸ֮ǰ, е㵣ĸ첲᲻ͻȻϵ
ԣ忴Ŷ̫Ź, ǻĺܺãжĶû˺԰ɡ
ʲôѪζ̫ˡ
ΪһԼ, ȥϴһ¡
֪, Ӧ˴ϴˮ, ˶ϴ裬ʡѬɺˡ
忴ϱ, ɺˡ
Զ֮ɺͷһ, Ծûϡ
Ľ컹ԭء
һȺµĽͰԭص, үô, Ҳ˵˵
칦絽ô, ۹ͣ˭, ˣ˭ɻ
ҲȥԼܣƾʲôүȨ
ͷҲûأӪˣҲɢ
ɺע⵽üͷ, ²̫ܲ
ɺԼµķӦӦûͦأѪζôأӦò͵š
ǾȻȥɡ
ǲҪһ칦磿Ҳȥɡǰ߽ݱϢͨ򴫹ˣӪʣµ˶ϲõףɺһ˽԰Ĳȫժˣ͵Žϴ졣
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ңҪϱҫģôϱ֪սı֣
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ɺ˵֮ǰһֱҲμ칦硭ô㲻̫⣿ѵ㵣廹зĿ𣿡
һϲԣǵ
Ҫôģ˾˶˵ˣ屻ĺ޷֮ңǻͻмָߴĶƣһ㲿壬ʹ򲻹ҲǱǵŰ󡣡
ɺЦ
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ƷԼƷ
˼˾ÿȥˣɺչ˺Լչүˡ
үȻǻȥɣ̫ɺ鷳ˡ
еɺȴ¾硣
Īǣү㺦±û֮󣬲ٹ㣬ôֶζȡעǧ뵽һ׵ġ
Ƿ׷ͬǹǧִ
Σû̺үԲס
ǵĴ˼ұʾ̯үˣͬԼϾͻˣǵ顣
һ⣡
ֻһ߰һ룬ӿˣòɺʹ࣬ȻͻʳӣŪˡ
ɺĳһ㣬ŬˣԼѡһУô죿Ȼ

ӪѾϰүû¾һ£ҪȻ˶ʮһŶüӡ
ֱһ죬˶٣ҵĺҵĶӡ
ˣ
̤үĻˣ

 85 

ȥ˵꣬Ѹ뿪ˡ
ڽ쿴һʧ, үȻӱܻ飡
ƾʲôЩ͵Ǵ

嵽ĺܼʱ, ʱɺϲĿԼĶӡ
ɺһ̥̥λǰ, ټɺֱȽݣֻ, ɺĶѾˡ
忴ɺĶƤʱʱЩ͹
ɺϲк壬, , , ôôʱ
ɺüʵ𣿡
һ
ɺ֮, ͺ˺ܶ࣬ڳԷʱ, 巴Ӧôǿҡ
ֻ, Ӫʿķүˮ, ȴָֻ
ɺЦ, Ķӣֱס, ү
һ£ǡ
ɺĿ壬Ϳ濴ɺõġ
һֿˣ
һţ˳ȥ
εķӦǸŻɡ
˺ðŻ, ĿĵĶɺĶӡ
ɺϽסԼұ
ҲǱԼĵŵˣɵջԼ˫֡
ϵͳʵʱְֱɺ
ĿԼҶֽš
ˣϲ̵ġ
ϵͳɵһ
˯ˡ
СжپοǷûõСӣ
οΪԼX⣿СӶܿߣ
ҾӳԺһҡ
ҾӦú׽ɺЦЦϾ൱㻳̥ʮİ
ĪЩˡ
˵ӵ㣬ң˲ỳеġ
ϵͳ
뽨ϵͳһӵļܡ
ɺ˵壬תʵߵ鶼ûнǾͻȥ𣿡
ǱߴߵĺܽĻ游ٵɣȰ˵
ҡҡͷ
ɺΪŸϽŪϣĳˡ
ɺߣԼС̣ٳһЩ·ݴˣǶȻٻȥǣȵ꺢ӣǻȥǣʱ򻹻еǻ䡣
඼дˣ˵׼ҵĵǻ䡣
ϵľչ֮£һ겻һ꣬Ѿ;ƿݡ
֮ûҲǵؾ
弫ĿɺɺǻͨҪһ죬ûкӣܳŵ𣿡
ɺ롭ĵۺ󶼳ˣôͲˣ
Ҷ˰ɡ
彾Ҳܣһ㶼ʡ
һģ˿ɺ
ɺ
Ѱ˼ŴܴҹôˣִҹˣôͳŲǻˡ
οǻ˲ƣҿǸյˣҲôͷɺѵ𣿡
ɺͷһеԡ
μӸǻôˣ
˵ֲǻǻҲһǧ֮Ͼôյˡ
ͷҿպ㲻ϳ
ɺ
ˣһǵͺɣҲʷ鵱š
ɸֵĿɺ˺û뷨
ɺбۿ˿壬û뷨һû뷨
ΪʲôҪڻȥ
ȻҲžǣ뵽Ҫ뿪ԺҲɺЩᡣ
㻳Уμӵǻ䣬̫ˡ
ûСɺʾǿӹȥʲô
üͷô֣
ɺĶӣһ绳С
ʷϵһΪӱܵǻͼеˡ
УҪ׼ǻ˲ƣ̣Ȼ飬ݳ˷ѡ
˵꣬תͷɺǰЩ˴ϺЩƷʼѵ飬㿴ϲϲ
˵ţʹԺһ顣
ɺ
˿Ҫˡ
ÿ춼ڿز¶ү
ٽѵһǰӣǾͻؾǡÿ̲ݻһҪû׼׵֮ǰɱȥסǡ
廹͵ǽĲ𣿡
ɺЦ޶ëڷ޶˰ɡ
ڱ߾޽ǣ嵱ȻԸˡ
ڵ壬ֻкΪʱͶ壬һ˿
һֶǿӲ
ڲԭϵ󲿷ֶں塣
Ҳ֪ȥ岻ڵĻʵۣĻ˽ģֻԼգ弴λǾ͸Ҷˡ
Ȼñͨ޴úúһ£ҿԶཻͬԣ
ȻԼͺûйͬԣһӣҪʼǡ
ǰסȽϺá
Ȼ
ôǻйϵ
ƣ˭йϵˣɺǴĴˣɺĺӣǽӵģҲǴܵĽӡ
޵¡
ôҲ˰
Ϊµĸף룬һ֣
ܸܲӦеأ
ȻϺͺ޴һܡ
һжˣ˵޳ǣİڶͿʼݱ׼İһܣһ͹Ѿλ
巢ֺûãǣԼܾ֮
ܣ
ҲȥԻ
̶ˣǾԵΪʲôԣ
зɹ˪ڴԭôûзɹ˪
ӿô
ǣ忪ʼĬĬ
ǰ콨Ͼǵǽ
Ĵѹ壬ֻޣҲһҲܺã͵
Ҵ¶װϵӡ
ͿԷס𣿡ɺ棬ȷãΪ͵ϣ
¶ǿһ顣
ɺ˿տҲĵʲô
ʮ죬ǵĸʴ٣Ӫ͸¶Ŀ־塣
İˣ͵͵ĸɺһҪСүһ̬ˣ
ģȫӪ˶֤ݣ
ԡ嵽ʲôɧ
嵭˵̳лѧ˸ҩùǽǸҩҩˮǽ͵棬ֻҪˣСĸӣҩˮӴǾ͡ˡ
Ϊһеˣ֪һж˵ɱٲʿסһС
ӣЧ˿ڣǲǺдˣҰҶ׼˵Ľ
ɺ
Ǹһǲô̵Ը˵ġ
ǣһܵô죿ǡ˭˭еֲ
ҩЧҲгʱ䰡һϾˣڶ칤Ȼ÷ˣҲнҩü⣬ֻ壬ÿζҪ͵ȻҲߵʲô׸ˣǾֻòˡ
˵ҲԸҩҵҪЩʲôã
ɺĬĬԶһЩ
治ֲ˹
ڻʱͲΪˡ
ޣΪʲô岻ɧôĶ
ŻѪ
ȲˣҲܿʿһа
˾Ƶߣ˲аһ̬ˣȫӪһô죿
ǿɲܶԲԼϱ
˵Ҫ뿪ʱ˺ͣ߰ɣȥǵ˰ɣ
ѾԸ㣬Ҫٲˣ
ǷģһŬԲṼĿģֻҪͺã
ɺҲۺᣬ˰Ҫôһʱᷢ裬Ҫñ˲еˡ
ʷϵıҲǿͷѣ塭ֱն˵һ
Ҳܸжû뵽ҶĸôҪǺ²μӵǻ䣬Ҫǵɺ̫֮䣬ɺӲһٶЩӵġ
ˣ
ɣ
ܲܰ£ûߣǾͿʼˡ
ɺͻȻ֪һ˵ģߵʱҶܲᵽʲôˡ
ǿˡǿļˮ̫ˣ
Ŀɺ뿪ĸˡ
̫ˣ𣬡֪͸öٻһ㣬ʱǾͲѹˡ
ɺĬĬԼûһɷԶһЩһȾô죿
һȾô죿
СĺӾԲ
㵱ΪʲôھǴĶأɺɵĿ壬֮ԻᱻƭһΪû¾̱ʮ㡣
оǾ飬ս˶¡
ϵͳɺһλ档
ƽ
СŮȻ˾ӪĺޣֵԼĸףףΪʲôǿ޵ô𣿺𣿡
ǣүǰѻ˶ˣǿ᲻үҪǣǵҲù
СŮƶǶү𣿡
˵үһսߵ˱ܵ岻ҽӽǣһ൱ֲ
һ˲䣬ָ̻ԣô
ɺ
ϢǹŴͨѶôΪȥ
СŮԼĸ׵Ļԥһ£ܲܰȳô϶ÿ춼үŵĴޣǰȳԺóԵĺòã˵Ƕ
ɺ壬ʲô
嵹е⣬յɺĶ˵ԺڴϿޡ
Ҽǵ㻯ѧ˸ҩһЩ
ɺ㾹Ȼ˶񶾣ѹôôһϱ
ɺͷ϶һӶ
ɫԺá
Ժÿ¸λô
룬Ҫˡ
ɺ塣
˵ţʹ˴Լɺ⣬У㻹ʵ˰ɣ˵
忴˿ɺ߸¡Ķӣܾﲻ̫Ծ
ÿϿˮ׵ʱЩþֲ嵽˭ˡ
ǣɺεӣ־ֵˡ
ԼҵСŮƯƯ鿪ľˡ

ɺʱ£һ·ϣΪչɺиɺǵʱѾ߸ˡ
ֻǣӴ֮⣬ɺһ㶼еĺۼƤְۣӺй󣬵һԵ壬΢׵Щɡ˭ˡ
һΣɺһƬӭ
ݵʱ򣬻ϱּ⣬Ϊ̫ӡ
ӺӺйᣬ类ȥػꡣ
̫ӣ
Ҳ쳣պգƽ̫ӣ֪峵ǣеӭ
İϤɺ̽ͷȥаǱ۾һƬ
˵µһŮһ㶼˵кѾ߸£ȴ͡
֮ԭ
ȥһ˹˼ҡ
˼˻ûеȫ
ǧ˻Ҫȥر߽Ҷ˵ɺҪʱ򣬶ȻҪģ˭֪ô᲻ԱʲôǵԿţԼܷһЩ
̫ү͹ϷѾûмɺˣһɺˮҪǹ˼ɺУ˲󣬹Ϸ˵ֹס
ǿɺӣǾ֪ɺڱ߹عĶȻ
ңɺеһĥûܣùϷŵķ
˵ɺĶѾһʱ䣬ǹϷ˻ǵɺһ̥
οϷ˱㲻ˡ
ɺڲǵһ㣬ڳԷʱŻзӦкڣϸףۣЩһֱǳÿ춼ܣҪš
˼ҳԷһ룬ȥŻˡ
ǧ֣ô£ôأӻˡ
ɺһ˵ڱ߹̫ˣһ·үҪչң࣬ͲһЩҲܣ㲻Ҫٵ˵
ʹָ࣬ʱɺܾ顣
ǧֵȻ
̫үҲܹͬ
չŮôˣ
ۣɺɹ˪ֵز
ɺǱĻƭ۾
˼˻࿴һۣʧˣɺȥ˱߹̫ãֻ壬ֻ壬֪Ͷ̫ˣҪӽ쿪ʼĽɺ죡
һʲô
ҪɺҼɺ֪˵ĺã
ɺڼɣ̫үɺ߸¡Ķӣ˵ϿܿҪݱˣ̫Ҫ׼ǻ嶨Ȼȥǻ䣬ڼ
ҪǷǵȥȥǽ棬̫үɺĿһЩɺμӵǻμӣҿһϣȵ꺢ӣָˣٲμӡ
ǰϣλ֮Ϊˣǻ䱻Ƴ٣ƳټĶУ̫үԼŮ岻Уǵơ
˵̫꣬үʵ̫ʲô뷨
˵̫꣬үֲһ䣬̫Ҳ̫ԡ
ԣ̫ӵ뷨̫үΪҪҪɺ뷨
ɺԼ游̫ǻ
Ҫǻ䡣
ǡ⻰Լ˵ɣСŮֻҪͺˣ
;á̫үıеΣհ
һˣҶ֪ϲվͻݱ飬̫үҲ
үȻѵǻƳ٣̫үΪѵĿ˿ɺɺӣʵǳŲס۵ĵǻ䰡
ɺûи̫ү𰸣̫үԼԲһ£õǻôûԼŮҲ̫ίԼŮˡ
ֻǣһ̫үĻüͷ
Ƴ٣ܡ˵ţͻȻھȥ岿顣
ô𼱻ǣЩ᲻Ϊʲô
Ϊ˲ƴƳٰ
˼ҹȻԵģ

 86 

̫үҪˣһǻ
ϻûݱ, õôż
, ɺ廹ôȥǻ䡣
һʼûɺμӣ
̫үʹ˻ͼȥ׷񱼳ȥ壬ɺϽס̫ү, ͸¶һ岻Ҫǻ뷨
̫үˣûмڲͬ뷨
ɺ˼߹̫ү, ֮뷨Ϊ̫, ԼŲ

ɺ֪κ, Ȼ̫⡣
˼һ, ΪϻûǻҲðϡ
Ǿûϼݱɡ
ɺΪҪȥʹ, ˭֪嵹Ǵɺȥ¥Ծ, ˳ۿʮʷʫӰ
ƬſԽʵ֮
ɺϵͳüȨ, 鿴Ǳߵ, ϵͳͨ
ɺʱ, һ߻Ķţɫӡ
ϵͳСĵķԼ, ִӲ֪óһʮ׳Ͷ嵥ֱӰͶߵϡ
ԣڲ¥廹ûôı¡
ôʲôɺ˷ܵĶżأҵһ֪ϵͳ, ãǰû𣿡
ҡͷÿ룬ϵͳҪھŰپʮ֮
ֵ͡ϵͳͳƽ
ѹļذťǻɫģҲһֱûпùɺһֱΪǸδļܡ
ϵͳһѾĿԼ˲
ͻȻ뵽вԼķ
Ĳȥ𣿡ϴ˿Ҷûˣֻ档
ոգҽʩ룬ԭõľҲһЩ˿ǻѵģֻǣΪÿյľչˣڲԣͷ·Ҫᡣ
ҡͷ
Ϊʲôɺһ£̲ס׷ʡ
Ӧúܺ޻ϣΪʲô˽ϵ
ͷɺϳǰҲԡ
ÿնϰߣǱʪȣͳһǰϴ裬¡
ɱζֵϴ衣Ķ˶
ɺ
ڣ˵ɡ
ƺܺ
𣿡ɺŴĻǰĻϡ
ǰϵʱ緢üĿϣڵĻѾ;ƿݵʱһͿܲɥȪ
ߵţȫ¶ߣ˭ʲô϶֪һ
ڣֻһˣȻԻϲ⡣
ɺ˵ʲôоûͬ飬ֻЩһĻ
ϧܱٲš
忴ۻϣǺޣ˽
뵱¼ҹˣǰ󣬶κһͬѪҺˡ
ϲ䣬߸ϣӲκ˸һ顣
ӣĺӣȫĹߡ
ҲӵЩˡ
ɺס֣棬˵˵Ҫĸһ¹ڣ𣿡
˺ӣͷɺǣʱѡַ˼ǱҲڵ㣿
ɺͷ
ǳ̴Ӯ֮ɺǧбŵľӣװľǴذ峤ӪժĹǧľ׼
ǧ뿪ͣĴֳ׼ص˹˼ҡ
ڣǧľ׼ڹ˼ҵ÷ţ̫ү˵ǧľʱɺȥǧľܻѹ
ǧľ˵ϲŮӵˣСͶŮӸᣬǰǧľǼǿ뽫˽ɺסˡ
ɺͷ壬ǧľᣬ嶨ȻҲҪȥ
ѹ㵱ԹǧֻΪǧǹǧľ׵ܵܣ
ҶԹ˼Ҷܺãǿǹ˼ҵĶҲã
ץһʱϱǰ״ߡ
ɺ
Ȼ޷
ҪǲȢң˵˼¶Ϳġ
ǿɲУ£Ҳ˭˼ļˣҵ˳
һĻˡ
ɺšһ
ɺֿĻͻϵô£
ôĥĥ󣡲ڵſʵĲ֣ô԰ʲô
ʼͼĻҵ㡣
ϵͳ̲סʵ

ҿɺӵʱܻнΪʲôûУ
ϵͳҪ²֪ͿСڴĿ
ûбٹܣ
ûбٿȥӾˡ
ϵͳĬˣôܣ
˭Ұʱ²Ҫ磡
ɺǰͻȻɽһʳѣϵͳĽʵĿЩʳ
ϵͳ˵޷СԸЩǲСģСĳԣЩʳģʺиʳá
壺
Ͷߣ
ƾʲôϵͳ˰
ĻǰĻѾʼˡ
ԭ黹΢ǿɺȻĿһʳŵм䣬ͻȻһֿӾĸо
Ȼɡ
ϵͳǰ߸߹ֵˡеµĵӰԺճˣ˽˵ӰԺ֡
Ļ˿֪͵ڻߣŻģ
ѿ
ϵ࣬ð죬һ䣬泼
ѵǻϱų淴𣿡
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ЩˣǴСʥ飬̵ĶǾҪòθҷΪʲôһһζ֣
ɱҵĴŮ𣿡
ϵɴ۾㡭ҡ
һ·඼Ϊ˺
ΪҴŮҪ޸˼ҵСӣǺ͹˼̫ܣҪɱŮҪһʯڹ˼ң˼ҵĳޡ
ҴŮϵˣŮһһֱ˲ҵܲɣǻϲϲĹ˼ңţҵѪֻŮˣֻŮӰϣǶǴܵοôԸǡ
ΪҺ͹ϼһϵͳ˭ϡǸ϶ܣһɫݸϿģϿ˿ʮҺ͹˼ìصϷĿ𣿡
ɳģӴŮˣϳʱ򣬾룬Ҫɱ
ֻţҪ󺰣ԽżԽȻԼҪԼϢ
żôôࣿ
Ȼû֪ڻࡣۡ
ɺɻĿ壬ԡ嵽׿ٻˣ
ܽᶼˡ
ɺ˷ܵԱ߳Թϣʱ򣬻ҪһԾ𣬸࣬⼸겻뿴Ŀģ޲ϷǸˡ
һ˷棬Ȼӻʵ̫ˡл˱ӾŮŮģʽ
ƺúþǵ˶һ塣
ɺΪǵĬҴ㽫ԼĻΪͲöˡ
ֻϧ类;ƿݡ
̫аգ˵ô໰
ס˻ϵҪˣϢ΢
࿴Ļϣᳶ˳ǣϲϣϲϳ
˼ӣóԼеĴλگ飬ͻȻ۵һ޵˺ѷΣţϼݱˣ
̫ҺԤףݼ񼶱˶Ӧˡ
ŵɺеı׻˳ȥϽסɺĶ䡣
ˣողóЦ࣬˼Ǹʵɰ
޷лݼ
ִ˹С˲Ϳˣ
徯Ŀ࣬ȷʵСͷ
ϼݱ弴λûκ
岻ãʱܻݱѾ֮е顣
Ұ¶֪Ͼڵ׿ڽλ塣
ϧǣϼݱգ廹ڹ⣬ûܼһ档
û˻ĹϵѪеĵ˵λ
ڻϵʬ塪ˣ䶪ڡ
ϵôûʹ͹ģû
౾˲ܲڣΪԭ򣬻ϲҲˣϻ磬ֻ꣬ǣµۼλżˣ㲻ˡ
λȨصˣס
౾ΪżˣǺһ㣬ˡ
ֻǣ࿴µۿߣáⰡ
忴ʱǣҵʱˣ
̫үǼ࣬Ĳࡣ
Լ˲ٲƣƵʱ򣬲ûвҴţֻǻϲûǾסİѱ
Ͳһ˰
ĥһƶ̶ȡͬ˶ˣȵۿչˣͻʺΪգǻˣ˲ơ
Ҳˣ˺֮µϻλһʵۣ㲻죬ģĵǻаɡ
˼ǣôǻɣϻ۾ǻˣΪ˰գͻʺ͡
黹ǲͬ⣬ǿգ˽Щ˰Դӻʺֳôߵĸʳ֮󣬰յѾ࣬Ϊ˻ϺͻʺǻЩ˰Ҳ
岻ӦʾԼǧһۣô飡
ǻȡˣ
Ȼͱ˳ȥ
ϳȥʱ뵽ԼǮƣ
УøϽˣ
˲Ը彻ǳʣֱӽǳʵݸԼǸɵӣˣھǣҲǸŹ˼ҲԲȣӣİá
ҹҪԼȫҵ뿪ǡ
׼ӵļٶȣһǮǱ
ࣺɶ񣡡
֪ɱǸʵۣǹʵ۵һǮ
Ȼʵ۵Ѫôûһõģ
壺
һʷϵĳ裬ܰһͷ޶ͺ˵ģȻ˰ëѹʹ
ĿɿڴĿһԾɧֻ˵ӦھӦھǵס
о³ʵ˲̫û찡
ȻµҪ㱨塣
°˵Ϊƶٰǻ䡣
Ƕżˡôʺ󰡣
ԼǻͰˣʺ󻹵ŵǻأ
ޣҲǣʺô׵ĸ㰡ʮӾͰѽεεĻʺƭȥ޸㣬ڵ˻ϻôʺ󣬴Ҳͬ⣡
˵Էٰǻ䡣
ϲãܸǣǾǰյֶ֧㹻ٰǻˡ
ټذյ֧֣ĵǻһܴﵽǰδеĹģ
뵽ԼȻܲʢ鲻ĳȡ
壺
ղУ
ⶼħ
˿ɰ
ɫľܾ飬Ҫ飬Ǯ˻ȥ
ĸ飬ҡ
ʷһʾޡ
ܲܲҪˣ
Ͳ֪ñڻһ£
˾ϵλҲΪ߹󣬾䣬Ҳǵλ֮ˡ
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