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 1 

ٶߣ÷˪һƬ
»ָ֦ⲦʪĻָ꣬Ļϸ顣
գʵʼû
Ƚݰɡ֪˼ϵϣӹӹ¯
½¯ڻУ˰̣ʣϿ˵ʱң
֪̬ȹū澲֪ǻ⼸æ
̧ĿϵɨֻҪʵۣͱŷĻܡ
֪֪ǣǿ΢µ˵ͷȹЩӣȻġ
̧򦣬ƽﳣںδ
ĹˣȻϲȥ
֪Ƿӣ׵ū澲ϡ
תͷһۣû
һ½ವģ֪ϳһ亹˿æһûʲôǶ˰ɣūŷ׼˵ģЩɡ
һ˵ȷʵøпյ˼Ƭ̧̣ߡ
֪Ŀ˼֣ں淸ֹǰĹӽһȻģǲЦ
ҪȥϣֽźţִӲ
֪Ž˵ڣ˰ѵİϣ˿𻨸Ʒϴ㣬ŴŴģ壬ζ
𻨸Եһ룬˸Ů˵ʵ۵ˣ˫Ŀûİ𻨸£ߵǰš
ˡ
һɺ֮˵ڣ̧Ƽһͣǰһϻɫۣ˿ͦ
Ŀӹķ٣ŲۿϤ˵㼱żޣô⼸տ˵㣿
ǷǷӣϥҾ񸾼ϡ
Ħּ壬ض񡣡
µ˵ͷֵ񸾽ּ˹գ֪ʱܼ
һƹʳߣɡ
²ӣ˼գľ˼աǰ̫ɵΪ֮òܴȡʲôϧͷֻӴˮһա
ƲԹ˽İ״ǰʶã
´ͷȥƵϣɫӨ󣬳͡
΢㶣ֻͣһ˲ʶ
ڰϣž޲͸ΣյѶϢ㿴ˣ
ϵ׾Ө͸͸Ӱȷʵһ
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أźĹ˶ʹͷҳ̧֪ͷŰƽ
ã֣°۵ǳĺӡϥ񸾲ѧǳǹ֮
ƱƽЦһ֮֪ҵģ
ЦţȴûзֺЦ⣬±ۣû
ߵǰ˫ãͻȻǺƣ룬޵Բԣ
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ǰʵѸ£˽֪ʧɢֵܣʹףƴһΪү˷ų
ʵլʺ񣬵֪ݳл˼үǼҵСޥʣ磬˸Ͷϣּͻ顣
δϵջ˻Σ˳
˫ֱ󣬻͸ŲŭʣǲĻش𣬿ݵϸϼֲ֪ͣ˵Ĳǰ
΢ݣĮȻѾʱϺʱŵԷŷ뿪
ƿ§סϸ֫ͷĶߣżּһһ֪޵ˡ
ļѲֻƫͷܿǰΪ仰ģɵǳΣչҪѵġ
ͣ񸾰ǰ㲻ˡ
ŶǸýˡ
ҧ˵ģۣŨŨŭ⣬ΣգһΣӮޱ뿪
ʲô
ɿ̰ϡ
бƽмֳŪαأ֪Ӯˡ
ƴ֪Ӯ
أ
ƱƽҪĸԸߡ
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ǡ
ۣϸо֣һ¡
ƽŷһӣ̧䣬ӳ毺õòǰȥݳϵ
һ٣ǵˡ
.
ӣ𣿡˵ŮͷŁO۰׵ſ͸Ц̡
ǽǸüƻ˫ۣϵ촽˫۽
ӣ񡭡
ǡȻۣǲͷ˵΢Ӭȴǰ塣
ŴˣŮȻһЦ鶯˫ϲ˳ֽǿͨ͸覵սС
û߷ӻóһ𻨸ݸǲûԷһ顣
겻飬Ʋ۲
ŮŲ˸һİѹ𻨸ǵҵҲ˺þöûóԣŷһġ
ʼղӣֱӰѸĲУսǵֲʳջ׽䴽ϸ۵С壬ݸлøҡ

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򦣬˵ʲô
˵Ǿҵˡ
ʲôЦ㣬΢΢Ц˵ţ
ţƾһҵңεڸſڣö˾һһۼͩ˰˷Ľ㡣
ʱδʱȹֻ꣬Ƕޢ껪İ꣬Ͷϣ⣬ǸͷβԹߡ
ͩڴǰһ˻Σ˻յ
ͬǵİսΪԼĽ㣬֦ͷˣȷʵ޸ûɱ˼
꣬뾡취ĥеĺøĥ
ִ£һֽˡ
Ϻʱŷ뿪
ƿסݺݵ˵ӽķ򣬶𣿡
´˳ӵǣƾϷԸ
ƼԹҲЦ޳ָ棬Ӵѹϵżֹƻ󣬡벻һ档
ˡ
˵̫ˣǰ˫ۣˣȴַֻʽˡ
ǲδĸι
µִĴۣˡ
ƿ֣ŭЦúϢЩ                        
ǵһдģкܶܶ಻
һЩbugЩǾҪЩûȫҳдĲá
ʱҪְҲǸٲдĺܼѡ
Ȼܶ˲ϲŮܸ
ŮǸçײĹųĺӣȻһҲǺСǻصǰ޺صδʱ
Ů
ҲܽǾʹֹɣȻ㿴ģҿһġ
Сʹǣ

 2 

·ۿȥͦοΰˣʱЩЦʱ࿴һۣһˡ
ܿƿۣԸԱߵĹˣ֪
ǡ֪ϲˮ䵹һ󾲾һԣĿбӡ
½ӹյеĲˮðһڣ£Ҫġ
֪ﲻ˼̧ͷɵ䡭
ƱǣظҪġ
ִ֪ҲֻţŪ裬Ѿˡ
½ӹȺüڣһףϣ֪
ҡ
֪˲ûݹȥ̽һҪˣˮ˺ȶܺɲԼ
ƳһۣûȥñյӦĬĻ
֪ﳷ˲ˮֱֱŴ⣬Ŀ񣬲֪Щʲô
֪һԵĴţǸˣֻǾǾ̲סȥģü䶼͸żֵĮ˲׽ӽ
ǰţȻ֪Σܿ϶ǣǰλΪ
ѩڣ֦ʱʱ¼ѩˮ¶ĺ졣
а㸡˼Ʈ˺Զ
ѾֱգƲ֪ʲôӲǽ˹ؽ
ˣΨһĳ롣
һнҲ˶ϡ
ڶģӮˣɰǶȹˣǸȪ
£ֻϧһǷ̫࣬˻Ǳۡ
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ٽ磬ˡʳԸ˹˲÷̣ʢ
½£л
ü㲻֣պ֪͢޵Ļʺ󡣡
Ƥǲģá
ʱ޻뿪
΢ӷЩƲı仯ɫٿȻѿۣط硣
¼ûʲôӦֻͷĬĬţ粻ֻǰģãߵһûѡ
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ͻȻЦˣȻˣŮҪл̧ͷƤҲΪλãŮʲô۵Ļʺβˣ
֮⣬ЩӲǴͽֺ޵ģͨͨϲ
ЦĸΪޣ˭Ȼϳ飬ǻһܸˡ
ɫȻһ䣬۵ɺ죬ʱҪŷҰޣȭվȥ
һߣ»ָ߳䵭ģ걭еĲˮѹסӿĶĸС
֪ﱻнڣͷľ뷽ŻϴҴҴӵ뿪龰̲ס綶ɸʱϵܿ£ɭɲѪӷ·аΣգ̧ͷȴֹЦЦû۵ףζ
֪һˣǻǵġ
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ң뾩ǵŮһֱڻʵߣĹ
³ʱ䣬˶ῴɫǰԽЩ˾ԽˣԼѾߣֻĴԼ
߹΢΢ʩ񣬡ū
վִˣѲˣ񡣡
һԴūͿˣڸóƻʺˣūҪϲ
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̾˿ģǺο࣬ǰľͷأūųģĳֻʱ̫ƫִΪ֮αؾŹ
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ˣǽԭµɣӽͷˣԼĹĲöǰմǰʱڷŵģҪʲô
ѲЩ˱ˣȻ䡣
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䲻ͬʵ۵־ʧȥ˫˲һݣӲ
ǰͣȴǴΪүһ̣׵׵ĳΪ͡
֪ԼСӵƢԣǰʺԸǵԼΡΡĽӹʱʺ˵Ļ
˵ţ󸴹ֻһƽϲ֡
Ī̫ģϸӡ
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ȫ͵һŻ³һѪ
֪ﱻŵòᣬæǰס
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䲻ôʣ֪æū澺ܺá
ָŰˣԸң
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¶ŵĳˮ˫ֻܰҡ
½ЩʱվǸɵȣ֪̫̽ҽԺˣֻ
Ը⣿
֪˼Ƭ̣ū澡
¿ĳɣдƣǰңұֳ֮֡
֪һ٣Ϊ֪ϾԼֳ΢һʱɵ֪
Сֳֳ󣬶ϲ֮У˶񣬸׵ﵫ˵޷ū澶ȫ
¸ĶߣԼĶת֪һǾò˼飬ҪЩʲô
ֻŪĲزģ²ǣ㡣


 3 

ǵϣ˫űţһιǴѪֱһһû½ı޺ɲ
һִֵƵĺ䣬˻Ƶĺʣģ
ϲ޻⣬ЦѼƻã⸱Ǳģμ
̧ϲ˺İ̺ۣƤѪ˿ð˫Ԩ̶ɭİǴ˶ģĿġ
ظģ
վͽ޵Ļʺ޸٣ͬһݼʺ󡣡
ŭɶӽȥʵۼֿ죬̽ǰһ¡
ưľǰ˲ضӷȴ֮ܶɱ
ڵսץʱһ֣
˶Ľƽҽ˿£ΪǸֲ뾹
һŹڵϣϵĽŽͱĸò·ֱӴ̴ݵ˵޵Ҳǻˡ
תеĽݵøлƤװģ̾ޱӦһֻϧֲ̫̣ʳԡ
ưγѪ˳ŽֱһأһѪ˫۽֪ӿһסУѪָ䣬۶ϣˡ
þȫֱȲƲϵˣǰûзҪ۵óһһˣ˽ȥն
̫ҽܿƴ˿ڣɭͷ­ն£ҵǽʾڡ
.
¹ؾصĵգճȥѧǱǿ÷ֻһȣȵȴϢ
׻Ǹ߹ƵĳŵȲװ׺ǷðȵȢɪһɾ¡
벻ͨȻ׵ľӣһӰ˫۵ˣΪαһײеľ
жʹס򦣬ѹֺӿ
˪ѩȻĸǽǵĺⴵţѩա
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ݸǳǳЦ
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˫ͨ죬ŷŨҵĺ⣬ҸкδΪһɱ
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Ӧǹã˿޺ŻϣΧ˺ܶˣ޿ͷۡ
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ŲͭţеŮӼۣɫҫԵ쳣ĿŮе
оκˣ̧СĴԼգȫ
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ˣصδʱļңﶼڵĵط
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ת˸Ȧ´ţ©
ǵ޸ʱѾͷƽĥҲȫǺ£ĵѾͷȴʵڲġ
˿̺ȵվԼǰ˵ʲôζ
ҺãҺһж򲻿صޣװߵ
ԼҹЩ죬˵ܾúǰһ
ԼЦ͸ڿһˡ
ⱻ񿴵òڣԼҹǸѵӣƽǴЦġֻڿȥǹЦȴ۵ף˵⡣
ͼԼɡ
ⱲûͬʶҲΪģ˳𣬴ֻԶԶģ
ţæױϻóε壬Ӳ⣬õ
Ѽ
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
 10ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 4 

ϻӨ壬ϧ̲סһ䣺úõΪҪˣ
·ױϻһ٣ӹ³һ֣ࡣ
õĻش𣬺⻹ΪԼ©ʲô۴սЩֻƼϻİӨ͸иζ
ǿôࣿ
ūΪ
һתƼԼҹɫѿæֹסˣūȥˡ
´ƿۣӶԶЩ
ﷸֹɫĺõǰӣΨ񱻹װױϻʲôһʱҪˣʵ͸˼
뷨ϥūȸˡ
΢΢ףĹ𻨸ԡ
ӣҵϻЩʱգ²ؼοһ֪ģķǶʱʱ̿һĲңǰһֻһΣ﷢š
ۣŴ⽿εĺĻֱů΢棬ųʶԼĻˡ
´ӻл𷽲ʺǺʱˣҲ֪Ƿ񻹻š
һö˼Ѳ˵˻ȴˣһֱ²ϣûжĸ㴦ףǵ뿪ԶŻ
ӹǺЩֻһ̥˸ޣҩ࣬⺢һǸӡ
ÿ¶ȥ﹩˰ȴһɽʱɽɥȪˡ
󣬸ײûңŶ׵ĳŵΪٵ常һ㣬ԺãûմȾŮӡ
Ǻ󲻹һ£ǲĵܵҲȥˣײһ롣
˼ˣ¹˲ȹܡ
ԺеѾϰ˶Ƿģ浾ձүҪѵˡ
ĴѰһȦûҵףⱧϻ߹סʣأ
ⱻͻȻڳӰˣ˺˿εǺͿˣȥˣʱ˻ͬ˵ôһˣ
ĵһ򷸴ûܺһȥ㣬ǰڽѵ˵ûСģ׳˼䣬ˣ˭룬ǾȻһ档
ǵյµļ̺ɽļơ
æظȫʪ͸ˣδ˹ȥ֮㲡ˣӳ׿ˣ쿿ҩš
ϴ棬һ𣬼ԭֵյȻ޴档
Ϊӣ˳ڼС㡣
Ųܸɵȥæſߡ
Ⱨľϻں׷ҪȥģүԸ⼸չﲻܳҪڼ顣
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ɽʲô
²ͬͣƿߣȥΣˡ
ⱻƽڣæóñãδͷ¶棬Ҫٱү֪ҲҪŰ
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ں棬ü뵽һҲ£ǰȥǣ˼ƫͷԺ˵ڸڣʱҺﻹнûеȥѰǡ
һûۼɽеգҲ֪ȥļҶǷ㹻Σһһʧȥˡ
.
ڳһǣݳһĸ̣ׯĲҶΪϿǮׯϵļױ˺ü̡ݳ˭һңв̻ͽı·
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˵ͬã˰Ĺ򣬿ȴȻͬа˷񣬶Ǽ̳ӵòļΪ£ϲŮͩͩ磬Ͷ䶼ǴҹģνǴ˼ҵĵ䷶
ŮȴǸӣͷܣǣֱҡ
ǰղ֪ŪӵΣ˷ִǸ̵ĶӴˣҹϵ˽׵ͷڣֻŶЦø䵽أֻں޵ûϼӹ̡ܽ
£еС˾ʹҴܹ˵үֳˣ˵ɽȥҷˡ
ڵվŭ˵ǽǺôȥˡ
СԼүŭ꼰ԼΡΡһߣм£ģˣҲӲš
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ļӿٶɽϵϣʱӽʱӦôɽˡ
ǵذԽƣʱɽ·ܻûߣðߵС˼״ֽɡ
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Ůȥϵˮ飬˵ĿȥҲ죬һͣˡ
ͩԼɫҰףеʣӿɳŵס
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ӹҪúš
ŴŮ˵ΪοˣҪǰ⸱ӽ۸ȥô졣
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 5 

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ޣһ˺ʹԭֵļҳ׻ˡ
ٴζƽӣϸֳаЦݣԷһֻ֣ұ㣬Σ
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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 6 

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飬ͷĴɨűߵȄݣʱǰĽ״۵
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ϲǰһͷСʣɲԡң
΢󱧣İʱЩһ໣

 7 

˫ǰ˲һ֮ңһԼ
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šüĪϴˣ
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ȴ˰죬Ҳ˵󵨣ֱӱסӣƽ﹫Ǵ˺ƣȴӲ˰ţⳡ浹͸
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±ۣһ֮˵ҩ¿ֻ࣬һȥȴÿൽĵףԭΪǱ˭ҩĺܣòٸǶĸ׵ĿܣԺƼںҩϰŻĻ桭
ϵ˿ˣûҩǰҪأҲٱȣ󣬺Щ
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¾ȫǳˣ̧ۣƼͩһλε壬۵ĺܡ
Сʹҿǵ˫ֺ
߱΢

 8 

Ө⣬ĩ׺ʯ룬ϵͩ䣬ĲΡ
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¿ˣ˴ҡ߽һȣϵĹƦƦЦһɵģ
һ۱תͷû
ֱߵǰ£ԹԵĵ˱衣
īƹĳԪͬһϡ
˵ԪżҵѬӦǸӣƫƫһƦåģ£ͶŹҵϷ
ԪһոϣЦС㣬ĪǰЩӶ°ɡ
ºűյĲˮĿбӡ
ߵǰţԪ۾һתȵֵЦ:Ѿɫҽˣ
ɫѿһڣС޳ܡ
תת۾治ɫ
Ԫϲʵ¾ҪȥܿӣץסһŤԪû뵽ôһʹջ֣Цû뵽СЩ򡣡
¶һε칫ûԣòҸѣ
ԪָԼ˱裬ԲӣϻԵ޹ʽ˴ңЩҩģڿɻڼš
Ƴһۣ㲻ᣬŤͷ¥תǴȥ¥
ֱͦűһɫ˶ӣ˫Ӳ޲
ŲƳԪһۣ
ڵվüչ
˶٣һԼľٶ־Ż˸ƺӣɰ
Ԫ˸ڣڶ֮תֹ˵أԭǹ˹ӡ
վĺǰһ۴ɨŽһ
ɨһۣԣмǻӿڳ


 9 

ԪӲײһ£ӣŭԡ
ƫͷһۣŻջһԣ۶Ԫ
ԪסȱϵŭʶȤͻȻ뵽м£Ͳ߶Ŷλˡ
ݸǸӲģһٶȻٶʲôϾСҪ
һߣŤͷƼСŸ͹٣Ѿˡ
̧̧°ͣ⣬ȡɰӵݸС
Сӹӣϲæĵлл
ףȥ
СƼվһЦ˵:λүҪʲô
ߵǰķǰ£ɡ
Ҫ˵ģû뵽ϸղһ̧һűŵĹﲢδȥڵλ
ü۴ЦӯӯĹ⣬Ȼȥ侲ף¶Ц⡣
¾ֱߵ£ЦӿԵּˡ
üë£û(?
¼֪ϴε⣬ֻڨЦϻҺͿˣ빫Ӽ¡
Լ˱裬죬ŵعѾЩˡ
Ƶ˫΢䣬ͺˣҪлȣҲڴˡ
²δﵽ
²Ų˵ʲô֪մ
Ŀǰûǰ˷ܽгա
˼
²ֻԼ»ٺˣɻ
õĸ̯ŲǰȥЩ㣬ӿҪһ𳢳
Ҫºվˣ»һ
ȡҪסһȻֱۣס½ǣɫ
һסתͷ
죬ذ׵մѪ˳ָεϣһ̧ͷƼ˫ڵͫžӨˮ⣬ʹ̣ץڲ
ס޳ðסϸı䣬õܽϡ
½վȣһѪȵζֻ治סѪӿĴǡ
ⱻǰľŵ˵վһԲ֪ξٴ롣
üԸ¡
æǰ˷ס¿಻ԣðϸ
ǣȥỽһ
Ϥĸоٶȴʱӿϲʣջ˼գ˶
СһСܹȵôˣҪϿȥҽݡ
ӽ˷ū澴ȥҽݰɡ
Ŵҡҡͷָҿ
ɣǰĹŲǻҽˣ²ס
±ۣԶƵʹԴԴϵĴڴҧ
ܵʳͽ˴мֱ˹ΧһߣСֹⲻôѪˣ
һԱߴ˭֪²ǵʲôˡ
˴յ¶ߣСȥϰɡ
µͷѹںϣһۺߣΧ˼óһ·
ƫͷԼܸӣǲʣҼдЩᣬŨŨ⡣
һ಻򴽣ȥ
²ͣѪǰεĻ棬ǰһץ
Ҫ
.
΢΢¾Լ˸ܳΣֻһƬޣʲôҲûС
ɵۣͱһѱסĨ˰ᣬ߶ţ⺢ﲻʡģڸôܣŸպֳˣǲǣ
±յѣǻƵɿҴˡ
㷴Ӧ֣˳ﲻġ
»ɫֱбڴߣʵôˣ
ߵѪȥ˵˵жˣʳĲ࣬Ǽһ£Ҳˡ
̧ЦɲҪϹ˵¶᲻뿪㡣
̾˿ҪĲǡ
µͷ˼ǰڸֻ¥˱ˮԪҲˣӦж˵ǰ˴һ٣ɴ˵Ƣ˽⣬¡
˶ֻڸڣѲҪ
ţСˣִˡ
ü͵ʱŻŵģǾ¶ҶĲ㡣
Сͣ㻺˿˵үˡ
أЩûվȣǽߣ˵ʲô
סнʲôˣ
Сͨūүιҩ˭֪˰үͻȻʹ̣һֱ»ˮūŵүӣǰȥ
æߣҲȥ
㼲ߣĻŵһ˶᷿
ºŸţսݱƼڵϳ鴤ﲻͣӿѪһأ㵣
Ųȥ̽̽ıϢδ˵˹ȥ
޹ãתС˺ȥ
¾Լ˫ڶ߹ȥ𰲶ͼԼ侲⣬㽫š
˵ţָһվڽС˵ȥҵ㡣
§ڻеİһ£л˵
±£ϾҪס˽òá
˺ۣ
µͷԭ԰׵ɫ˿̱ڣ֫䣬Ƕļ
ͩŴҲƫԺҴҸϹǰľһæǰôˣ򣿡
˫ʧ񣬻صˣӦǿˡ
ͩһʱ֮Ҳû˵ߵǰȥ㡣
.
֮ǰģû뵽Լߵֱ˻ȥ
ս᷿˳ȥˣӭҶơ
߽ЩǰľʱšüԭΪǰǹֳ£û뻻˸СģЩ
ǰϵһƿ֣׵ĺ룬ҡͷ̾ϢңӱͱȳЩ˶ûʱˡ
°ľǲµˣȴ̲ס£еĿͬһֶ
ת£˵ûЩֳԵ٣ֻҪϷķӵձܺȫ
䣬¿Լ׷Ƶץס򣬿޺򣬴㣬һҪȾȰδôܾôȥˣаһҪ
̾˿ڳϷʵΪ˿Ҫӣڰ˳䡣
֣˵齱ߣѣòá
ͩһԸŲᣬ
ƿߣյӭײϡ
¶Ҫȥģôˣ
ºֻۣһͷ
ҪҵֻҪڣһԾȰ
.
Ӹ֪ȥţ̫үЩ飬طѹܼˡ
ӭȥ֣ôٴˣ
⹰˹ֿ֣ˣҴ˴󡣡
ϣ˱裬־˵
Ҷı̫ʱգǰȥ¡
ɻ󣬡Ŷɺʱµģ
չʱ
ıյ˵Īҽϸ˵һ
⽫շ¾֪װģĵ˵ͷȻȥɣԻǰȥ̽顣
֪Լˮƽλ׶˹ϵģЩģƽϵİƾƣƲˣԵҲ˵ʲô
ɴ²У̻ǰӻ˲Ǯܽ˵ˡ
ߺòȫȥҩｫѰϣĶڱ
ȫ߹ȥ
.
ȥ¥Ҫҵƽȥǣֻǽδ֣ɽĹ
̽Ϣ˵ݴ󻧼ĹŮ£һиͬ㣬˳һ
ǻѪոȥͿѾϣˡ
ǹǰʵ̫֣ĥ͸
óҩͻȻһˣϴרΣһѵ
ȫ̽ͷ￴ʵнˣ
ۣǰˣ죬¡
ȫԴٺһЦӣ˵Ҫһ𣬻빫ȥš
ҩģͷʶʲôòҴˡ
ȫǰһݵģǲ⣬Ҵкá
ˣĻ˵˵ҪĶҪͷһˡ
šüץסĸ첲ʵ棿
ȫ첲ۣȻǣǰ빫ӡ
񣬽еҩķŵһߣֵò˴·
ȫߵǰˣﰵȻйģֲû˵ʲôĻȻС


 10 

ȫŵķߣԽԽ֣ǰȥǼҩ̣Ĵλӡ
˫ֻԺ󣬹Ų˵ͬһӺ󣬴չȥֵܣǰҲסϣ
ͷʵǣǰЩӸϡ
ȫѹǰû㣬Ǵɣ
ֻͨЩҽ㲻ϴ򡣡
ȫ˵̽ܲ￴Ǹʹ̣ǰЩѰĴβá
ͷȻԡ
ȫǸ˵ģϲͣЪֵܣǰ̫үʶ
ʶ
ȫɻ󣬼ģǲ˵Ҳټ׷ʣ˱ġ
ȥŵ·ԶߵĶ죬˺Щŵš
սŵĺãͼʹӭ
Ҿˡ
߹ѳЦݣһᣬӹǱá
֣šü֪Ҳ£
Χ£ߵǰ˱裬˵
û˻ȥԹ£ǰıյƿǲĲ裬ЦȻǸҪĶ
˵Ǻ
ۣ۽ǵƶߵ̨߽Ϸľϻ򿪣ȡһᡣ
ֻһۣûչܿ˻ȥ
ӼȻܲµǺⶫѰ˺ܾðɣ
΢Ĳ豭Ц̫ү˾£
˿ڲ裬۽ǶŵչӹȻǴˣϵ֪
һݣң
̻
ҳЩ¶ˣеСүı˶ˣүű˰ȻҪҳ֣ñٸү˵ţһԵľϻ汾ȥ̽飬˴˰ˡ
Ŀӣֱߵľϻ񣬴ε֪Լо֪Ķ
̧ߵ΢ݣֻ
˼ªֻԶЩҽĲͨ޷ʤδ¡
͸˼Ҳ汾ȥɣ㲻ԸȻ㡣
˵ˣ޷ƾܣеĲˮһˣ˴ǰȥ
ϲЦտվòһͬϡ
һ˺ܿ쵽С˼˺˽ȥһ·
ͣⲽС˴껰ӭ֣ˡ
˶䣬־õˣҪ´Щ¡
ļףҶжһʵΣϸ飬ң⡣
ַģؽջһǰ˰ỹһ
л
һȦʵںδǰȥ
᷿
òں棬վƳ˳⴦˶һ࣬дᡣ
ǰĹﳤһò
.
ǰ̽סԶֵҩ
ܿ͵ˣֻûϵ
ժȥñ߽ӡ
ںԺеĽУ
˳ȥƼñȡ£¶޶˵ӣС㣿
¼һϲѿڶţأ
һʱûشǰֻǵ˵ԼգἰģСε֪
еɻ󣬻صӦȥˡ
üʱܹ飿
⣬²֪
֪ȥļң
ҡͷ¼һݣҲǰǡ
Լڵ뷨ѹеӻȥл
Żδ㿴˻𼱻ǵˡ
³ӣӿϣ븮ʱҪͣƲ±㼱ҴˣҲ֪ˡ
һֱԭصţһżӭȥˡ
ϵ˴ʵȥģôū澡
²ʣôˣ
һ٣ү
תסļɫôˣ
֧֧˰죬ԥãյͷүûʱˡ
΢Σۿ죬ɻڶ᷿
ǡ
˵˾ͼˣںЩû׷ϣµ˶᷿ԼıӰȥ
δ˵꣬ƼȫˣΪ׵ٷ¡
¶ӳɺͳҵأ
´ûҵ
˹˹֣͵ĳСŮçײˣλ¡
ƵЦЦ
̧ͷ鵽һ࣬ǣ

ôڴˣ
˵һԣ˫
ҲƼ˶Ӳһ˲ƿߡ
ǰһʵɽճЩʲô
ɨۣԱߵС˳ԵүʱЩ֮࣬ûٳԹʲôڼūŻүιҩﻹʣЩ
תͷһֽۣ
߹ȥӹС˵ҩ̽룬óޱɫ
Ĵɨۣߵһԣ򰸼м𻨸⣬дҧһ룬΢ʪ
תۿϵˣŵС˫գ沿ɫ촽ϺڣϾѪ
ͻȻȥЩˮ
ûŴ˳ȥˮ˹
óֽаķĩЩȥָŴϵ˵¡
˿˾ҲĬ
ǰһкܻƣ֪ΪΣȴĬӴ˵ĻȫȻ
½ˮУպһڱˮ̶ȥ
˾üͷʵҶȵʲô
ʣɺʱеĶ
üͷšϵİû˶
صӦʱ
ѹʱڵ඾δ御»
ɣʲôӾȾҶ
֣ܽµĶȫ³µһԡ
һԵȴð࣬ȻֻҪҵͶܾȰ
еˮιƼߵһߣָŵеĹ𻨸ʣСүгԣ
С̧ͷ۸תͷȥصүģӦǹԵġ
վǴߣ𻨸
еĸȥȡϷˮգ̽ȥȻɫ
жˣ
üǡ
Ťͷʵֿ֪еʲôˣ
ü˼Ƭ̺𣺡㲻ϵʳҶĲ·ˡ
һţ΢΢ţ͸˵⣬Եɲ⡣
ûʣԹ˵Ĳ̣ǰʱͬһϣ²˳裬˶̸̣׵ʱı⣬˻ģʹʹҵˮұ˷һֻ֡
ɫû仯ϵ𣬡ģôδػ
ͷ뵽һ磬ֵǺһֱСģӦǲʲôˡ
̽ʲô


 11 

£³֣ʡ
Ųߵһ࣬ŷŵĻʣСүвܳ𻨸˭ģ
վһԵС˵ͷ΢΢Ǻܲ
С˽кͱȰʮ꣬ĿƣԵЩִٵ˵үūŴġ
һۣ齱ߵŮӣ˿Ŵ洲ϵСιˮǲĿ⣬Ҳعͷӡ
ۣܿʣɻ
ð亹̧ͷ˵ūδ򿪹
ߵһ࣬˼˽Ĭֻ۲Ķ
Ĵ˿ͣһ̲ѾɺԵѪǰѪʾ״罦Ӱ齱ߣѪĺۼ
еĹ𻨸ⲢֻõϷˮ⣬ҩﲢ޶
վĿϵ䱭ϣƬ̺⣺Ɑӿ򷭹
ͷĿİ³һ仰ǡūŷûע⣬үСˡ
߹ʵǲˮ⣿
ҡͷֽյ𣬽͵մʯӦ˿ͿĨȥġ
Сүǡɴ˲ˮõУ𻨸մЩֻǱ꼰ˡ
Ŵ˿˹ȥӿɻⱭյֻǸϵãҪʱܽԺӵĲſɣЩһֱĹô£
ȻҲ뵽磬šüԸսү᷿ȫ
ԺѾС˴£ʱԵͷ֣̿ԼȾǷǡ
˭үҩ
˴£ƽﰲֻ᷿мܽ˺Сˣıǰҩˡ
ŴˣձأվڽѾ߳үүҩū澰ģū澽ղδڣǺڰū澣Լ˽ȥġ
͵̧ͷɴָۣ˵ūδ
Ѿ̧ͷ¶һСɵϲ޹ྪţūԾްٻ
Դ˾üͷ壬֪ıүǺ
ǵĺֱڵϿͷūδıүү顣
Ƴ۹ڵϵĺһѾʵȷ
ǡ
õϵ̧ͷָʣۼ
û뵽ôʣѾһ٣˫ֽ½ǣȷ˵ǣū澾ϴġ
źĺ죬
ӣǺܾţ߶µر⣬ūžẦүġ
Ĭֻӻް˿Ļš
ͻȻŵűߣеȫͳүūֻһʱϣ͵үĶūųȫ˳ȥʱŹ飬ǰδѾߣūŴδҪү
ŭ죬һ߿ڵϵˡ
Сǰ˿ģһֱڰߣû뾹˱˼δҳǷ˸𱨵ˡ
ˣȥҹ
ŴľȥӲͷͷеλ߳Ѫū֪үūһ
ֽۣ˰ȥֱԶĺ
һԿߣڵϵѾߣ˭˵ģ
Ѿɫ΢䣬ȴܿȥūϴˡ
Ŀʣɻǵǰ˵ʲô
ѾһȻ֪ԼĵĻ
ͷ˼֣ū澡
˵壬ϵǼǲãֻѺȥˣĳ˵Ŀɶԣ
һɫˣŮš
Ѿͨڵϣ޺ţ̫үū澼ˡ
ʵ
Ѿ߱˵߶ֱ䣬ūǰδˣΪүԺѾߣʱЩӣ˵ūŷѰ׹ʱүҩհãūȥֻǻĺܿ죬˵Ǻס
˵ţӻͳɰ˸ҵġ
ۼ⣬ǰɰ˹ϸö죬ȴǲˡ
ļ
ŻææĹʵɰ
ۣĴɨ£鵽ʱڽͩ
ˡ
ⶫͩߵѾߴѾֻһ档
ȥɰǰɼ
ͩһãδ
߽˸Ѿߣ
ͩΪʣºȵѲɰģ
㽫˽һϱǡ
ͩͷߴߵˣȥ
Ը꣬˽ͣǰҺʱƼˣһҼ˸ϣ밲ԩ޳Ӧ¡
ĵصȴţͩԸȥ˵Ѿ߻ˣһֱӦǼæܹģˡ
ͩվʲô
ˣֱߵıյ˳ȥԸȥ뽫ץҵҪǺҪҶء
˵գŤͷͩ裬ͩȻȥɡ
̧ۣͩҡ
˰֣ǷѾ˾ض˵һȥϢ
ͩŰվΣʲôһ㡣
˹˹֣˵ĪżҲȥңСүתؾȻˣҵˣԻὫ
صл
أְڡ
Ťͷʵ֪λӿɷҶΣպʲôҪĳ
֪ΪΣŴʶŴ˿˿ۣͬԼ
Ȼ±ͿҽΪ
.
ˣ
㷽ſ˹ȥ¸ѱôŵ˶᷿
߹ȥЪкת򲻿̫Լӡ
ԭɫи˼֣Ųߵǰ
ĴɫΪҰףȴ֮ǰһ㷢ڣƽ
İ˼֣ۿǰˣүλǣ
ܣǺһͬ˵ģλҽǰµġ
ëʣҾˡ
΢΢ףЦл
ĴȴЩ㵣ⲻɽϵλӣ
ţһĶǽݺ󣬹û뿪λӣҿĺרעٻ뵽ɽϵΣڷ˶˵˾仰
תߵԣ¶
²⣬Ȱ𣿡
ƫͷתԼŮڴ˵ţǡ
á
һ·»˷ڣսݣͽ˶ǲ˳ȥ
ʲô°
Ĵۣѹʣʶλӣ
¿ĴжʱȻ
װͿ˵λ
Ƿ氲ελӡ
𴽣ЦأŮʶûǲʶã
ͷأô˵Щеûġ
³Դ˫۾գգʶǰɽŮεˡ
֣ĳ¶ۿϼˣϲ˵Ȼţֻ򲻿ɵԻ࿴һЩá
ɫŮʱ˵ϲĪҪ¶ۡ
֪ܲ
»ζֱۣ
úúãﲻ˵ˣﶣĿҪסˡ
֪ˡ
Ԣ
ĺո
벻ҪңһŬ

 12 

ڵ𣬻ƵĻҡҷģӳ
ʱڰдҩ
Ŵ˽ӣˡ
ӶеëʣͷҲû̧ô
ʵصˣ˵ȥ
һ٣̧ʵ˵£
ȥҴң¸ҪˣӦм¡
ۣӱĪ⣬յʱǹҴҴܽ˵˾ûҵˣڿҪҵԼ
Լӵ˼̽ӿҪȥ
ʱƽѰҽӶ˵ǰȥﲻ֪Ѱк£׼ӻξٴ롣
뵽˫ȻʧɫӣʧЦȥˡ
죬ϲ޹¶ֻĬĬһߡ
Ҫ˵ȷʵͣҵˣ˴
ֽд¼֣ǰЩѰ˿Ϣˣ
£˼ɫδ˵ˡ
δ䣬īֽ֭һ仨
Щʱˣ޽չ˼ˣд˼֡
.
գȥѰ˵òûҵǸҩѾߣ˱ϢǰᵽǸ̷ǵûߣ˻ı
æǰȥ̽飬طǶֵīƽϲȥ˵ء
̤żŵһī㣬ĴŸıīֽ⣬Ʒ
ߣָֻи˵ƹ
ƹļˣæӭҪЩʲô
δתõëʣǺƵģǺ۹⡣
˷ëʣսнʵˣ
ƹģһŴ˱䣬ջԭЦݡ
°ͣ˼ʣӵǸ
˵˶һֻ֡
ƹȻȷŶ
ĴɨһȦûˣʣ֪ģ
ƹ˻ǰỤ̄˵Ǽĸײأкüûˡ
סںδ
ƹµʲô
û˵ƹ͵͵飬һ彣һǴӵĶһֻ֣ز¾ǵʲôˡ
ҡҡͷ̾˿˵ûֻ֪ڳ
л
ߣճžͺһ˴˸棬ȣһζǰˣЦ˻ӴⲻϴκСһĹӣ
һۣܿЩϻ֬ζǺ˵úܡ
ԪҡǰӣҲûȤתī
ƹֽˣ̧ۿ˺ɫû
Ԫڰ̨ϣﲦỤ̄ʵղʲô
ƹɫ΢䣬˵ġ
ˣ
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Ԫ˱ŵ˵׬˲ٰ
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 13 

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 14 

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 15 

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࣬Ǹϵġ


 16 

һ磬¸ۣͷеĻյǰеүˡ
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һʱûͣšüˣһ


 17 

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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 18 

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ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 19 

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 20 

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 21 

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 22 

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 25 

ͩ˫Ŀ΢̵Ѫ鲻ϵش˿ڴ
żӵɿӨ׵ָմȾճѪȻĿ
㣡
¾Уǰȥеļӡ
ɵһͩϵѪɫʾ̱У߲Ѫڱϣۼˡ
ͩԲ԰׵ĴЦ⣬ǵõ˽ѡ
⸱ģġ

Щʱյ֪ͩ¶ҪԼҲδɱ
˿ͩУ΢ţӴȳһ̲Ѫ
̫ˡ
Ѫģͬһǰһޣֻһأӯв޺⣬Ȼ
ƻδ֣˽ϣ˵Ы
Ҳһԩ
һͩȥ˭롣
ͩëһ֪Ļʹġ
ɢϵ˿ס֡
һԵıæߣԸСȥ
ͩɫҰף亹ð˵Ż塣
´սȥ϶ҪȾҡ
δ壬ˣͩʹ˹ȥ
⣬Щ
䰴ס˿ֹѪͩʶʹߣ亹ֱð
С˵Ķܿ죬ûһͽ˻
ŴһͬڣϵѪһΣסæʵ¶ôˣ
ǰֻδᣬԵ㲻СԼ
ûԣ֪ҲԵɵʱתһĴ򣬡ͷŮơ
໹ˣյͽܣŴ˷Ըǰ鿴
СͽŮޣӺСĺǰ׾˾ɫɳ˿ҡ
ϸϸ鿴λ˿ڲû˼ҪֹֻסѪʱͿҩɡ
㽫Žɣϵ˺޶ôδ
룬̾ɲӣһʱѲˡ
üϵģ̾˿ⲡҲЩʱˣôһֱã
ŴҲɻϷϻﻻ˷ӣ˵Ӧˣ⿴ˡ
ͩöϸбķӿɽ⣿
شڳ˼һԵСͽܳ˼ɼĲҩҽ
²ĿӣôüۼЩϤǸΣ
̧ͷȻҳԵɣ֢ҩĽһ⣬ٰշӷҩܺܿȬ
ģ棬ԴǼᶨ˵ʱ˿˲òŷ
ûӼѰ˵ӰӦû
üҴЦ΢ͷʵλСʲô
ܴʦȡġ
ҩ
ܴƽڸΣÿ˻ͬ˵䣬ЦѾͷʱڹ˵ҲɣʱԱһܴѰ˺þãǲԼˣɴˡ
ףȥܴ
ܴĿ⣬ۡ
⸮ϵĹĺÿǿԼʵڽ벻ͨ
Ŀ⣬תȥ֮ˡ
ҩ輸ջһΣ
ܴصջһμɡ
Ա߲䣬ҩǰķץĽᣬҲ洦
ԱϣԸСǮºСͽ뿪ˡ
б齱ߣΪ㲣̾ûյ£̿ĸֳ¡
¶ȱߣͷﲻҪ롣
̧ԴĪ⸮մȾʲôɾĶͷȥ﹩Щ𡣡
ġ
ǰʲôԼ
±Ŀִ
δ˵꣬ʱŭ𣬴ﵱöˣΣֻϣ໥ϧʱˣ
ѵǣҶ
ֻϴӦ˵ˣ˶٣˵ʱͩȷЩֻ˰ǣѺ
ۣƽ˵ĲҲò𰸡
֪Щʲô
֪Ů͸˼
Ķͷ˵ͬϬ㵱һ㲻֪
װа˵֪һŲɣ
ߣˣȥЩҲȥɣúЪš
.
չȥǰȥ̽ͩȴбסˣ˵ǴԸǰȥ̽ˡ
˵ˣʵһˡ
֪Լ˼ҲûȤ
ţû˹źһͬ˸
Щʱûδ̷Щȫǰûģһ˲㱻Ŀ⡣
и̯ˣʱð⣬λǴӸ޵ҪѡһЩȥ
µͷ۾˰죬ȴûȥѡ
̯¶ģ´ͷδ֡
ûҪģŲȥ̯λСǰĿΪЩЦҪЩʲô
ɨۣͻȻסͣڽ䴦һϡ
׺黨׺Ŵ󷽣ǰǸӼΪ
񣬹˺ðȥá
С̽ؽһ
½£У˴ͳӵ̷
Сˬ죬֪Ǯˣźû˵۹⣬һֻ
ǰ˽Ӵ̫ؾҡ㽫˷ϣû뵽һ۾ˣҲĶࡣ
ţ϶ЦæʣﻹҪЩ𣿡
Աߵ̯ȻҲˣеıȥΪʡ
µûֻĶĺá
.
ŵİӸƣ׿ڳԼɱʣû룬Ѿоܡ
سŵǰĻϻڵĻ񽻵ϡ
ҩ̵ķߣʱƼһϤӰ
ü䣬ЦŨһԵѾߵ
ջߣֱǰȥûܹҲûҪк
ҡ
˾»һ٣ֱ̧򷽲ŴԼԾˣ
ӣ
ͣסţͷӣ
ԣϵͻȻʧأƥǰڿնֱ
¼æקԱܣ˭Ͻ±סֱֱȥ
µ˲һѣܣ
ۿҪײӣۣ²δ
ԭƥͻȻ˵Զ˴˴
ŵһĻ֣´ִӾл
δ˾ٶеĻأ漴ɢ
ûӣֻͻȻץסܣһʱûӦˡ
ֻһƣ˼
ǰӣ֡
Ϸסҵ

ȤĿɴһ
̫ιָϡby
İ
  лعΪĳԼѧİ֮꣬ʱͽ˹˶ĳ
ķ̫ү˷ѿҩˮҲ治ɫô֮ˡ
лع׼Եȴ֪ôľ͵̫ӵ
һ·ϴ̫ӳ澣Ů٣ٵʺ
лعǻ̻ȻԼĪµɵİӣͻᱻƳȥǹ
µεؽڻУĵʲô£ȥҸΪʱһ仰ϰɵ
  CPҩӿζ̫үxĴʦζС xлع[]

 26 

ͷĺܵ, 亹乣ֹסĺӿ
ǰȻһֻǽڷ, ΢̧, ǰ
̧۶˫ڵӣͷͻͻֱ
˽ԡ
ͷ, ֱֱ˸, ˮ
һзȫʧ, ֻӰǰԵˡ
²գ, ת˲Ͳˡ
νһ, ˳, ִؼҡ
, Щֲ˿ξʵ
ģ㶣Ϊɵˣỽһ
ߵѾ߲֪ȥδ, һʱӰ
δзӦջ֣ڵϵŮͻȻǣסץü
», , Եлӡ
΢ףվȺҪ֣ʩ߬Ų, һʱ侹޷ѡ
ͬϵȣŮӵȻ̫ۣĴвзһ˿
˴Ƴ̧ӣڳž棬˲Ҷ࿴
ʶع֣ģĴӣжȻһɴδйļ¶
ֻһ˲㽫ڡ
´Уţ
ĿƼɫ׵ˣŸգɫδͣȴȹ
üԵ£Σ
޴󰭡
Ŷлȡ
˼չգüۼ価Ц⣬лң˵лǾҺüΣ񲻹ǻһζˡ
ˣ²֮͡
²ϲףתӺδ
š
ţ˲šü
Щʱؼ˶ţһ˻ʹڴǰǴδйǣֽƵ
·ۿȥҪŵ
ǡɻ󣬾ಹ䣬죬Ҳǰһ
ŴЦǽӿȥҪҩ˿
ףӦȻ
üҼЦΪԣѿڵҿҪȥ
Ī˵ȥҩ̿ɲǼ¡
ȥֻأ
ӽףδǣƽ±ض˿࣬Ӱˡ
üÿĻȣǰӿҼǲд˹˼ɣ
һɫЦĪȥ
Ц⣬١
˱ۣܿߵһʰϵĻ£ڻС
Ŀ˳ȥƼ˻֮ˡ
ǸˣüۣΡ
ֻһۣܽ˼ס
ûϸȴҲŮӵòǵ
ԭеõȻ޴棬ЦӲص˽⻭Ѳǹӵˣ
Ŀ΢ݣžսĬ
΢ۣء
ӣ⻰˵ĲᣬĬ˴¡
ļ䲻ֵؿȻʧɫ˫ֱ
˵һֺãչػһ½Ա䣬ȷ䡣
ˣһ˲
´Ųۣһ˿Ц
ˣԽԺã㲻ȫҲܹû³
Ͷϣǹף˶ȻܾҲá
ˣ½յ΢ɣԶ
ǰ˼Զ˺ЩŴһѵϸߣסԴ
ŵһĻƼˣľٶŵòᣬδ¡
¼ӭȥ¼§ڻС
Ұһ۾Ƴˡ
λӡ
ҴƳһ۱ߣλøߴʣ˼죬Ŵǫѹֹϲý
ֻҹ̫󵨣׿˵ϲƽﻹ뷽跨빫
䲻ֲͬò
ۿƼɫЩвֹⷸǰÿؼλӣﶼЦӯӯģƵţÿˣﱾͼÿЦΪޡ
ɫЩŹ֣ҲЦţһ֪ĵġ
ƥֱʱǿԶģȴΪ˾λӣһ
߽̲ס߶䣬﷽ƥδʱסţضҪˡ
Կ٩ⲻǺúõģ˵ЩҪң
ɫ΢䣬Ϊεū澵Ļ
¼һίģҲٳԶ˺ˣģ»ұ֤ܵԶԶġ
֪ﲻ߶Ҳٶԡ
ǰֱȥʱеҶȻˣֻʣһͷǾ
һۣת˲ߡ
˵ӣԴЩܹѧ˹򣬱Ǵǿ˲١
һ޸ɽɹҩдЩӶ͵ұߵȥҶץסˣŲڽɴɥ
ɶһ˼ǵȫȻ֪
ˣͬԼﶮǺ˼
.
ţԭԶ˵ԶͣЩײǰϵˡ
ǰˣΧǰȥֵģֱԻ
ײ̯λϵĺЩ
Сסһˣ󺰵ײҵĶЩǮ
סһŭ⣬ҲŸߵ˴ⶫǰߵײģ⣿
һһִͣײ⡣
æһߵţЩ֪ô֮
Ҳһˣӵﵲס
΢üҪȰߣȴһԵĹӶվһ࣬˽Ӵ
±ӵվ˺΢ţҪǰĶ
Ȱⶫ˲٣Ƕ˲Ȼظȥ˶࣬Ҳ˵ᶪ˶Ҫĸ۵ĳײ˹ʵΪס
»ǰŴЦ˽ҵҪƺ˾çײϼ
ǰһˣ˵ͷӦǸСˡ
˽ţС˽
Ǽܲס֣˻˳֮ÿЩ
֮С˻ͷӣ㲻ɳ
ƿ¶棬ֻϧЩԶǲӣ
Χ˵Щʲôԭŭ˺תɫȾϲɫ
Ǹ°ɫζٸϤδ룬ֱתų
˺½ԭأ䣬죬Ѫǵںֱײ

ơ
ԼٴμƵΣҲǴſ̬ƽ͵ĸ֪ڲҪҵˣֻӶ֮ǷŭŲ⡣
ֶף׼ֻڴ˴Ųš
ͦΣ⴦첽֣ݵϸּǸ⡣
ǡ
Ҳҹоѡ
ӦǱ˳𣬲˴ĺ⡣
һӱ㲻Ծʼ
¼ʣֽȭָǶģʹִ֫ٺǿվȡ
Ƽɫƣ͵һ
ǵжʱƸӣá
ΪϲԼռƿڣѰ߷˼룬˭֪Ҫء
²֪Ϊˣ㳹ġ
һɱɲʡ
Ӧã͸
޹ǰ³Ϊɱ֮ǣ˽ᡣ
ǻŭֱգЩʱĵ׵ĺڴʱ۵һƬɺ죬ȭսֹסĲ
Ŀ⽫ԽԽ
ı仯ս۵ףӽĺңۿҪղסˡ
ģʶλӣɳ˴˵ķӦȴ˾˲졣
ǰʱҲˣֻ̬Ȼͬ
ȻҲµȷЩǸ÷ŭ
̧ȥžµȴֻŭ⣬ǵĺ⣬ţȴԾܽ˷еͼ
ֻ£ⷴӦδ̫š
һʱ֮䣬ǰվԶ˹֣ƥʧأð˶λ֪ţ
ʵδ
ף²Ҳû׷ʣǷԸһԵС˴Ӵóжλ˾ʵڱǸ⣬е࣬λĪҪ˿ҪҽΣͷϡ
۶ֻ⸱ģαˡ
ƼɲֻýӵݸѾߣ¡
ʶɫԼҹƽղͬҲŰ˼ӡ
ͷڵϣλӿʩˣҼҹȱӣӣܴ򷢵ģ
С˼״󺰣治ʶôҼҹӸӿɲ٣㾹ֱӶڵϼֱ̫
ºɨȥЩôҹӼѽӸңδÿɰ£
˶٣ֳƵС˶̲ܽãαؼ˵Ǹ
סСˣӴǰŮӡ
ˣ䲻Ϊζ˴ĵ⣬ɷµĴ΢üǾô˷þͬᣬԵǽ㡣
ԱϣϵĴӣԸС˽ͷַˣ򷽲һܾԿɴӴ˴Щȥҽݿĳڴͬλⲻˡ
˼̬ȳϿңܾΪ㲻ٽΧס׷׵һȥӡ
¼˾ЦȻġ
ΧӱӴ˴뿪ˣʱʱ
²Ϊ⣬㷽˵Ļɵ棿
뷨ֻӦţȻǣ˵
ָ̧֣ƥһΣ
ΪԼˣʲô
ڴ˴Σ
üͷŵ˵Цֻ⣬һΣ
üô㲻ң
קסɫﲻǰ
δСͻȻ߹ߵＸ䣬ֻɫ
֣ȡ£֪մ廹ţһĳŵǸ
²ûȥӣûʩᡣ
òײŽʱ嶪ˣá
һֻۣջ֣Ҵˡ
½ӷȷæȥַסǵôˣ
¡˻һۿ󣬲ŷǴĥһƤ¶ʺѪ⡣
һȵô˵

˳˴䲻ҲҪȾԵĲ֢Щҩﲻȥҽһ
Ƴһۣеľᣬˡ
֪תΪΣԳԵˡ
͵̧ۣڵ΢
̧̧֣װ򶨵˴ʹȥΪãͷ·
Ц
²۵׵Ц⣬Ⱦ˺ΣСЦʲô
һ¡
.
˸յҩ̣Ŵӭ΢Щ㵡
ӣ˻ȥưɡ
Ŵüת
ۣЦȥæǣڴعҡ
Ը˽ҩԸҩʲ̧ȥ
²ܿǰͷæϸϸ
ÿҽʱרעƲۡ
һЩˣתͷƼ࣬һԸģ
ͷʵţҹƽﶼЩʲô
䲻һʣ֪λش
¼񣬴΢Цǲã
漴Ӧصƽȥҽαǵɽϲҩ
Сֹһɡ
û壬˵ʲô
£ȥæɣЪߡ
ߺ⵹˱ˮȿڲ衣
£Ĵۣɫˣʱظȥ

ϮƤȥƺϷǺϡ
.
ϼ˰죬ʹӴ͸񾲵ϡ
һԺ˾ĿЩӡ
ۣѾҲԴʱʱͷ
ģ
һߵǰỽ
תѣ˯ʣԵЩͣôˣ
ͷſǳǳĺۣۣܿʱظˡ
̧ͷɫаļ
ͻȻж
أ
ƹȥͫ΢
ʵ죬ǰӼơ
ǵĸ׽ӵݸʱ˵һͨպϲĹﶨҪϱ
Ƽ̽Ŀ⣬ͷһ壬ӾҴɺÿ
кѽҪûо̫˹
Ҫżְʮпվٸɣ

 27 

Ѱȥ, ӱ²ͷķУɿġ
δ, ˿ֻ˰, ڶҡҡ׹
һ̧ۣƼϵ黨Сɾ, Ӧǲ
ϸϸӵĸǰͬ
˼, Ŀ, ǰŮ㡣
΢򥣬͸Ŀֱ, д, ģȻҪޡ
˶, Եÿ
ŮĻ΢, Щš
סЦ⣬ڵӼͬʯĿ, Ǻ۹⡣
ʵ˴ΣɺЩˣ
²ۿ󴦣Ǵ˿˿ӿڸʹ, ȫˡ
Ŵ˽еĽҩȥ, ｫҩûȥÿͿĨΣռɺȫ
δ, ֪뵽ʲôЦ档
˲šüʣɼסˣ
»ףģɣסˡ
˶٣ˣذɡ
²ǿ֮⣬ĺã첻٣ź⣬ǻظȥ
Ӧɻת˭ſ˯˿û˵Ķѣۼˡ
ǰ̧Դֻ⣬ѡ
ۣŵĹ͵һԴվֱð亹@
±һٶײԴ۵õһ
ɫɷףʹⶼû£ūū澲ǹġ
˫סͷԹͷҲ̫Ӳˣˡ
תɷҼҹ￴
δһһ֮ˣ̧˹ȥӵ֡
̧գ˼ۣδƿ֡
Ƽ۵ˮ⣬ĶȻһ
߹ȥһԳưɡ
˷ٶüôԸ
ҡͷüšһ಻ƿ֡
˺һ²ż䲻ԸĽƿСǲǺܳ󰡣
ۣƼԭĶͷʱһƬ׵ϸߡ
һ˲Ȼ֪ǸλǸЦ
Լ⸱ģԼ
˯˹ȥײ˹
Щʱչãˡ
ͷԵļãūçײˣ𷣡
һۣװǸ÷㣬úõôֲǺˮޣʲôѲΪҪ㣿
ūֻǷ˯ѺͿˡ
⼱æͣһ˵һ̧ͷˡ
˭ܸЦˣ
ľٶս۵ףɫأ˴׵ſɡ
ԱϣͷĺŷԸȥȡЩ
æԱߵȥ
ȱȡôֲһ㣬Ķ䡣
䲻ԵϮʶһ
ۣϵĶǺۣ
Сȵصͷţۡ
ᣬɫҲøΪ͡
²δֻͷ
ᣬŵ㣬ܿܺˡ
֪Ǻԭ꾹ûôʹˣü䣬Ӧá
˺һͷϵװŵˣʱߵĺϼɢֻʣʵҹɫա
ȥȻظˡ
ں󷽣ҹɫֻѾ飿
ͷϻ˿˿⣬̧Ŀڲ¥ҡ
̧ǰ磬ǰȥ
ü΢ϲɫ
δ˲ӣӦð
ڶƼӰӣο
˵Ů֮飬ɹ⸱ģ˻ģζǼõġ
.
¸ͼһڻԺڸǰţΪ׵⣬ࡣ
δüϵϲɫڶ
¶˿ģҲ˵
£ҡ»δ˵꣬ɫȥæ˿ڣ˺Щ⣬Ҫ
⸺ֶҽ
´ͷں棬һԵĺƣ΢ȥ
⣬æŲ˿
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Զתͷ֪ʱͣסţԭض
ƼĿֹǲýˡ
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𴽣ֺõ˵ﻰû£Ҫӣ
𣿡
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ˡ
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֪ӾҲ䣬ʵǰȥģôʱŻ
¶ںߣŮ̺Щȥ¥ţ˵»˳ӣɫζЩһʱԳ˲ͷһȦʳʲʱ
Թߵʯʱ£Ŷɵôһˣ
ҧס´ĵ硣
ԭȳɽº˰ǣǸЩؽմ˾ͱ֪˵
˼ˣգգۣԵҲǵģұ㵣ģû뵽ȴ֪ˡ
ⱻ˵ЩͿʲô
ָָԼĶͷжȻðˮ⣬˵ơ
΢¹ſЩ׵Ķͷ
ôһ£
߹ȥ˵ǰ·˼ЩײŮҵʱϣƥұžſԴǰ氲ҽεǴҡ
ٲ룬˵ɫ۵ȥҽݡ
棿
ſȥ˲顣
קס䣬ҶͷʹܲܽЪţͷʡ
ۣԼ䳶أɺͳô˻˲ʡģ˵³򣬿ջΥҹ棬ȥŮʮ飬Ի鿴ûͲҪˡ
ڵվԼ˵ݹȥŮҲˣˡ
ǻٳ

ⶶ˶䣬ô˵ˣ˵Ҳã㣬Ž㣬ܳմڹ뷿֮У㲻УҪǸܣ
ἰͩʱҲ硣
ǰãе֪Լ߶ĺý¶أ


 28 

΢, ״ˣ
Ŵüж, ڸ, Ȼõʣ
¼ǰ, ΢ɻúõģ
֮, , ⼸û
農ȥǾԹʯ, ˫ֳ
˵, öִ, ͩɴԼ, £
ûͩ٣Ūײſɣ˼һת, ſںߣǿҪˣӵɻ񲻶, ̫󽫼ײ, Լ
üȣƼԼŮ˸ܾﲻ, ˵
öϡ档
Ʈ̧졣
⿴һۣĳ˼أƽЩ
´ͷż⣬Ӧһ
ҲΪѣˣȥЪŰɡ
δŲֵδʱҪ»ؾûô׵ˡ
δʱɫδ
ֹǆ¡
˵ʲô
Ͷգգۣ֪ˡ
೭飿
һƼΪɫڨЦĪЦ
ûٶ˵ˡ
·䱳Ӱ˼ƮԶ
β͸㾿¶е⣬Ҳ֪ΪҪѰԸԼܺǸ
ķ
˼ת뵽ڽˣǼЩۡ
ԭΪԼܱܹƣδ룬ԩ·խûܲԭȻϡ
˵һͬӦǻЩʱգӣڣûɵ÷š
ְ̧˰򬣬ǴǻƼˡ
˱Ŀóӣ˼ۣʲѹ˲С
бʯǰ˺һ񣬲Ժߡ
ĴڵϹģûƣӲԾӿ졣
û⣬Щ볯Ŵ˴ײ
⽫һᣬƼģãļһɡ
ҿʱסţҪײˡ
ʱˣɲ˵֮Ѿ˼ˣǵΪ
ߵü˿Ъˣү
δ˵꣬ϱͻȻһأ֮ס
½Դ紦ɥһ⣬ҹҪûˡ
ľæͷ쿴˿ڣ˴ˣ
ҡͷգգۣģ⣬᲻д֣
΢㶣漴ū޶ۣʶ֡
´δдҲ֪䲻ʶֻһʡ
ü̽ʣүǷ˹
ϵɥֲۣװĨᣬһͷѰдֵѾ
һﲻҪū𣿡
µͷ΢գۣ޹˵ֻһҾֻʹˡ
⼱æһ
²ػЦе̧ǰߡ
æ׷ǰȥСū澿ѧġ
פ㣬ζЦȷѧѧһļҵĹӿǺ⣬ҪʶƼҲС
ʱߺŤ˵Щʲô
СЦƣ⻹˲ɡ
ū澰ףᶨū澲ŲˣҪһֱŹ
¶ЦǺġ
ɱȡЦūˣδãǿЩݰɣūҩͿϡ
úúá
.
ߺҩ̣ˣǰЩЩϢɺǰȥ̽顣
ʱùţǰüšϵŮӡ
ϵŮò毺ãһ˫⣬üĿ顣
ͬĸļǰδʱҲյλǴŮСʱģ
𣬼֡
֮꣬ꡣ
Ըսɳѹʮ꣬ǵʱ׵֪ºһ겻񣬾ʹû¶档
ĸǲԸˣ˭ϾʹѶ
δȵ׵ɥ°꣬ټȫޣͬŮδá
нʣһˡ
常㽫ȥЩʱա
ɵˣĸ˸ֱա
ĴѰôãȴδֹĸ׵ټͺ˼һ㡣
֪ȥѰ
֪ģҲĸ벻Ÿȥˡ
Щÿ궼յһᣬϷδıá
˻ȡʱʹһǺġ
ֻ˵֪ʩѹȣŴ֪Ϣ˵棬θߴ
շתദȴδζܱҵѲͨı죿
¾ᣬ߳⡣
Ĵž΢տԺӺš
ʱ˴Ӻҹ߳Ҿ
ۿΣ
ϥֵȥҽݣȷˡ
ףʵ̽Ϊڴˣ
˵ǰˣǱҽݵĴֲŽȻصġ
ͣ٣̧ۿ˿Լӡ
ӵȫҹɫ֣ſϵȴԲӿϢ
ƽˣΪƣ͡
żʧ䣬Լնǵˡ
˲̧ʣʲô
ܴ
ǣmua

 29 

´⽥Ũ, µĺĻΪʢ
ůϮ, °۴˸Ƿ, ֽ̧ʡ
һԿۣȰЪ, ү׼գ
ɬٵر, 
Ҹͷҳˡ
ȰοүҲΪ˹, Щġ
»ۣͷ, Ҳǳã
ͷ, һʱû
˵ŮϽֲ޲, ɹվȥ, ֮˲ͬ׹غ˵л
ϸ, УƫԼ
ƽŮӴమ廨٣ĲɵĻʫûһͬһϲѧ书, ү˽, ͵͵һԺѧЩȭŹ
ǰү֪Ȼŭ˼
ӦȴȫȻ, ֱ˼үû˵ˡ
󣬽ʼ̨ϣְ̾һ˵
ӣƦڶ࣬ЩɵǱū澾ŻٳΪáһ̧ϲ޲ͺһЩʱյĵȫ˵ˣÿؼλӶʵϲūƼģҲŸˣɻЩΪãȥү˶ɾˡ
¼һϳɵģʱˣϸ۵գӦˣҾٳˡ
͵̧ͷ¶죬˺Ȱ
׾ͺãū澶ˡ
°ڰ֣ߵǰ£ϰ˵ӣִ˸۽У̵ġ
΢գ˼
ĻмֵЩʱ̫꣬żͺãȰĻǲֻ֪ǲᡣ
һߣΣʱΧҲװԩڴȲҪȥ
ʱ޵㳹ӣþнΪأػһصޡ
ֻҪ֣ܰ˵۹ں˭ٱԼαװ
οΪֺƣΪԼ㣬ϲˣֺίԼ
ֱɱǿ̣˻ģֻߣķ˾Ļλϣһϯ֮أĹ͡
ƫҲãҲգһչǹ֮£Ѹģͬ޹ء
ֻԼΡ
Ƽ֮˺ſʼ룬ⱲӳٳٲӦǷ񵱳ҲֻϲǸӵأ
㣬Ը޹ϸܹãǵóԸˡ
һ򲻿еڶ
ۣͷ
վһҡȣû˯ʵԺĻˣҪȥƣ
Ľⴳ룬ڵʱԵøۣ²ɵۣ³һ֣ȡ
ū澴Щˮ
һʪĽ֣Ŀ㵹ģҪܿЩͺˡ
ȣ˵һȣˣȹЩʱĿɾ͸ˡ
ֳ˲㺹̾ǲ˻
ӽˮšɣݹȥﾲģЩ
ʣ´ϷתƼ֦Ҷ΢ͷȥˣȥԺ￴
ⲻ֪ΪͻȻ⣬ߵͷæǰ֧ɡסա
ͷǰЩûϱһ㺹ֻüӿ첽Ժȥ
δڣŵԺƮĻ㡣
⴦Ļ༫䷱ӣװױ˸ԺļУ͡
޵Ļ䷱أһ¸ᣬֲ֦
ƼһӰڳرߡ
Ŀ⣬ͣߣŲǴȥ
ʲô
ͻȻͩȻһתüͷ
ɫӲô㻹ǲԸң
ͩδϲ¶
֦ϣ䴽Ц⸱ӽȥҵ㲻ǣ
ͩӦŵĳˮε·һΣ֮ء
ϵʯͶУСˮ
ĵǳǳеסԼ£С
ã̧ͩɫƽΪûͬ˵
˵ʲô˵ƽҵĽָ¶
ͩסһΪ
·Ϊʲô
ͩԶ٣ƼǰЦؿԼ
һ֮֮ëͩ㲻ԹҺ㣿
½еĻ궪ˮУֻЩʧˡ
˻֪ͩĴͻȻЦͿȲֹʧȡȿȿȡˣȡҲˡ
ȵ۽Ƿᣬ綶ɸ
¼˲šü˵ʲô
ͩǿϵЦ⣬Թ˵ҲһĹȴҪίȫϲ֮ұҪãʧ˳֮ǡҶ˷ͬ£ȴҪøЩʹвҲֻܿŲʧ
ڵϣŲʣҺò׵Ķͬ˵׵֮ԻݣҲܡЩҲԹҲһ˵ϣģɴҲƾʲô
ü£Ϊӡ
ǰ˻ڶԵ쳣⸱ģδҲδ
ͩгɵ㡭
ͩ˼µģЦôҿ
ͬ˵㣬ӦǼ۰㣬ΪλҪѰ
ͩŴɫ΢䣬˲ʧѪɫ
˫ĿǲԸἰ²²͸ȴҲǿֵֻݹȥɡ
ͩûЩºܳԼ֣̫ˡ
ȥɣԴ
²Ŀ⣬㻹Ѱɣ
ᡣ
ͩ߰ɡ
¼ֻεӦãŲȥ
.
ԭĴй䣬˭ͷͻȻ߹ȥϸɵ׸ǽģģС
͵һ̧۾ͼ˻Ƶ߳ӷɿ졣
סȥæǰţʵҪȥģ
ŴͻȻͣסţ⣬ȥԸЩԺƽĶŽ㣬֪ҡ
ⲻ⣬ȴҲԹӦš
˵ŵӦУɷĲ£˰пԷЩľٶ
ͻȻ֪¶ԵɣζӿƼˡ
ԭΪԼʲô޵£ȴʱ˸ɺ⡣
ȷ˵ǰֻҪҪģͩǹãʱȽ㶮£ֻԼϲȴ
ЩȻϰߣǰϷѡ㲻ȴΪȻ
ЩգԼǰһû֣
ǰ̬Щemmm

 30 

ôجج˼, 㻺ͩĻ, ˵ȥԺųˮ, ١
ͩ˷ٶ벻ͨȻԸ֪, ±㲻˲顣
⼸Ҳһأ˵, ǴӾġ
԰, Ǳüţﻰⶼδı
ɵûӦ, ÿοͽ䶪, Ҳعš
ȴ, չȥ, ûá
Ҳ˵ǰ˵ؾǰֽģ;ĸףҿἰ
ûغ, ͵͵֪˴£˿˵ռһʱ˵©죬ʵΪġ
Ƕ常, ˵ĸٳ쵽, ⼸ҲˣԵûᣬֻ˵Ļһ顣
常Դί, û͸֮˵ĸٳˣ˴λȥ͵Ǽĸһ档
ƾĸδﲻãɵ֮ˣۿû˶ʱգȥһۡ
ҲҪȥ˼
¶ĸûʵ⣬ļֻе£
οһھ̫ߣζǵȥɴ˿ᣬֻԼƵúܡ
Ȳǰ£˵·;ңԶͰ⸱ӳԶʵΪͣҲ֪뷨ӹ̲Զˡ
˼Ǵ˷ˣкЩӼˣٻڴ˴ˡ
ת룬˷ȴɶˣպȨ֮£¾ŽҲȫǻ¡
ţߣȥ̽̽Ŀڷ硣
.
ʱնڰճʱҹӶأڸǰ˯ۣûȰڰ֧˯
񰲶Щûҹš
ֻƽ˵вͼ£ʱһϴüأڳ£˼ҴҲӷֻο̫ǡ
˹գɰӻݣۻˡ
ǰжһºڰԺﰲ˸СҲ˴֣ÿձŷĸʳ
ɰԴӵ֪Լưͺ󣬾ѿĹʣѻּ֮Сǰǲ԰ˣÿؿ˶̲סᡣ
أ˺ЩСȫôֱնδչ¶Цݡ
Ĵ˵޷ҽΣҲһأͬûӸΣֻд˷ܽӺЩ
Ƕҩ׻ĺֻˣ㻹յᣬϰ˱ҲᣬֻʱŰ
½ȥʱƼſڴر˯߬ŰСֻ֣Ҫһܾѡ
֪żعҲܳ򴽡
ŷͷж㶯˶ָ
ܵˣգۣæеʣʲô½˻Ƕˣ͸Ūȥ
ҡͷĿͶſڵˣ̧ᳶ˳׵ָ֣⡣
¼˾ʱᣬﻹδԼһѲס̧ЦҪʲôóԵģŮҲ볢
ǰģߵԱĶͷ̰졣
ô˵ȴߣ߶ţ㰲ȥ
ӦߵǰסС֣Це˵пڸʳ
գۣ֪ǹЦЦ
±ЦۣԭȷƵʱɢһ롣
ı䣬̾ûˣҪЩܺõĿ죬ǻҪء
ףɫͻȻ
ĵǰĻÿҲ߸˵ӦŸ档
ʱ֪Լȫ޻ָĿܣ˼͸ˣ㻰Ͷζ
Ŀ˼»¡
ϵ£żûȣͷˮĽЩ
ȵ
㼱æǰ氲˳ɫǰҪҰЩתʵͬ˵ʲôˣ
²֪Ƿ֮ԽˣʵΣֻͷҧ˵

ɫδʣ㱻һֻСק¡
ҡͷ
Ц̧գô㣿
գգۣһ޹
͵˴ĶϲɫȾüңǰң
ЦһѾͷ
࣬볯ǰȥιòã
ͷӦʣҨһ״͵ߣһڳԾܸӡ
ι˼ں㲻ٳˡ
ʵۣȰٳЩòã
ҡͷֽȥµҪԼԣ˭һתݵߡ
¼˾źЦΪǵǰͬЦ
ҲЦԼԾˣˣһʢԡ
תͷգۣá
תͷ۽ʪ⣬͵ĨۣһĻʵο
á
ûƼĶֻιŰȫˡ
ʳаԺһȦ
ˣڵϴ
һԿŻϲűǰоЩСƽ˼ֺ֮ɫǰײҲҵˡ
ӱҲҽæС˽˴ڡ
¼ѰٺãȥŷҳԵġ
һһޣĿóԣƽԲػմ˰Ĺ⡣
ӹĹĵģǻϲȴô£˵ѵҲ֪˭˵ͷĳӱúóԡ
һӱ˶䣬Եѽͷĳܺձȡ
ƾ˵ɣʲô£
¹ȵô֪ģ
ƳһֲۣϹ㷽ƴʹɫǽ
ºٺһЦЩ˼ȻŮǡ£Щ棬ǲҪˡ
ἰˣӴȥ˼ӦҪȥġ
СʣﲻԸ
ǣֻ·;ԶЩ¡
̾˿ܿԼŮ
µĲֻ˵Щ֪ͬЩ븮꣬ͻȻҪȥûţүˣûӦȴҲ֪Ҫȥġ
ԭͲ븮¶Ϊߥ޵ģɩɩҲϲ˹ټˣﲻãһ㼫Ϊִ
ֻ⻰ͬ˵ŮһʣǸˡ
ֱضҪ˼ƽģﲻԸǿƵġ
˼ڰ֣в͵ЩһҪʰ
µͷֻӳ顣
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
лͶ[]Сʹ 1
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 31 

⼸˿, ѵڸգŮ֪ʲôа, ǰ, еúܡ
һ֣ͳˮ, Կһ
ÿػδ𻰣˾, , Ƿ˴Ҫֺһ㡣
Ĵɻڸǰ, ɫ, ˽ס, ¶, 
һ̣ŲǰЦȥ, Һ£
һʱ֪ʣֻľٶʵΡ
ѰԵɣǰշ㳭дˣ
´ǰȥЦͳ, ʱҪ
ȭڴ߿һ, ɫΪ࣬ЩԻ飬ڸϱ, ȥ
գۣ޹ȻղǶƼң
ⱻĻһҭſ˺ü⻹ûᣬȴԼˡ
㵹ǲУ˵˵ǰھΪΣǲַ£
½ϣŭ˵ҿɲڣТġ
ҲƿյųȻЩôǶТˣⲻٶ೭飿
Ŵüšɫ
⽫贵Щһڣˣӣ֪ܲǺ˼
ǰ˴գʣǲҪϾȥ
ñյһ٣ɫ΢䣬˭ͬ˵ģ
Ųһ࣬˫ֳϣŵɫƽղЩϽţǾģÿеĻйأ
ûἰǰ˵ĻҪȥ
Ŵü̾˿ֽյ£Ҳˡ
ʱû˶ҲٳֻһԾš
˰죬Ϊͬ˵ʱͻȻΪεĸѸߣЩԹδڸǰТǱأҲӦ常ţἰĸӣ˵̫ʱգŵòûأ
²ۣƼ΢ıʱԭ˵Ļں䣬ӿɬζʵ˵ڡ
Դ𣬱֪¶ףĸѣҲҪ
һ˵Эȥ
ǰ˵ĸԭһĴ󻧣δȢʱв뽫ԼŮȥҲ˵ʱ˾٣ȥضմ˹ģҲټˣ˴ˣǸʵģҲŮ졣
ֻǺȢǺ˶뵽ģͼɵССֻмӹǸ߼ˡ
ڴǰĸ˱£ŵԣֻϧǹˣԸ㵢ˡ
ڻƽԵദЩʱձŵýýȢ˻
ĸǲͬ⣬ֻĲ󣬲ǿͷ
ϲϱʧ棬ɣ뷽跨ĵö˺󻹳ſ£ӣĸӴе֪Ŀܺ󣬱вڼ仹Ѿ߸ͨɵӣ͵͵ңĿ׵ĵؽ磬һ֮˰Բ
һʱйɵŮ뷨ֻǶҪ˵һҪ׼Щ
ȥͷԻ飬һذɣ㲻طġ
ϥˣܿԼԺӡ
.
գ㴫Ϣ˵үԸպҪ
ͷŴ̾˿
ҡȣʣūŹ£ΪҪ£
δ𣬺ǲģ
صͷֻδӦҡҡ
ⲻ⣬ҲûٶʣֻðοԼҲȫ
˼ߡ
ȥ̧Ƽ֣Եűǣظ
˵꣬תˣܿ͵˶ߵ᷿
ϾҪЩɶüʱͬһȥ
㿴һۣ㵹ļȥˡ
תȦﶼˣɶǴ˵ģ
㾭һˣ㼸øˣˣһͬȥҪæɲҪ֪ɲ㣬𣿡
˵ʲôЩʱտûܺ͵һң
ķæ˳ȥˣ߶ˣЩȥ
ҲˣֻȥͩԺ䣬˺ЩŽ˳
ͩһ·δ˵һ㶣䲻ǰˣȴͱжһº⸱ģ
һδҲͬ˵ҪЩʲôá
˼˻˽ͣīǰ˵ҪƿѡЩīֽ⡣
תһȦյ̨ԱƳӸһˣúܡ
ԪƼϴ˸ڣݹٵҪЩʲô򡣡
һȻǸܼҵˣ֪ƹ᲻ᡣ
ƫͷƼŸСˣһξ֪ǰǸС˴ͷ˿
·Ķۿȥ֪ģЩϤ
СűԪ˰ͷ
ǰһС˿ͷøЩ
Ԫû촦ǰɵסС˵ӣ¸ˡ
Ӷشƿۣ䷽ŵĻ칫ӿˡ
Ԫҡ棬ڳϷģЦҿɲͬ㾡ǣ㷽õʯǼ֮ʵϸ岻ī졣
ӦҲȫ޼ء
ÿһһƹ֮磬ƹ񵹲̫ġ
ȥԭȸСʱ˺ͷʼնûƼ
Сߵü죬һ̾ʧˣ»ͷǱӰݡ
šüʲžϤдӺζǸСˣǸŮӰӵģ
ǰ̽鵽Ϣٽϴ˾С˵Ǹ֮ĵط
ǰʱյȥţ䰭ŵ治ڴӻ⣬ģڴأ
Ҫ룬㱻һԵԪ˼Σ
»񣬿ëʣϸһƣʸϵžϸĻƣ·ǺƣƷ@
׽£ת˺Щ
ǰȥˣȴԪãЦǺǵһ˵Ͳڡģʵġ
ûֻֽСˣӸƹЩǺˡ
Ԫ˶ϵЦˣǰЩһ٣䲻ڶŭҲģת䵹ϡ档
ûٶ룬ȥͩϵţû䡣
ǰ﻽㣬ˡѵ֮ʱҪͬһȥѰЩʳ
ûӦµԭӣֹһ㲻ٽˣһת㿴Żˣﲻˣ
׷Ĵĸˣ

 32 

ʲôס, Դ죬ȷһ, Ӳǰȥ
ǽúţƤ¶ˣһ, ²֮ʱʱģ
΢΢, ﲻ壬ͷ, ū澡ūŴһֱ˵̯, ˵ϲū澾ǰȥˡ
мֻ, Ȼ, 㲻ˡūԭŴȥ, ̫Զ, ȥѰ˼ɡ
´¿, أʱڣ
£˳߿ȥŷǰڣ׵ڡ
΢šü, жȻ𲻺õͷ, δɻ󣬾ͼǳ򼱴Ҵ˴
˺ܿ쵽˸ǰ, Ҫظˣ
ȥģ
ӺԣЩִ٣ЦСķžŶӲԶЩȥзˡ
ģѣҲٶʣ½ҪҪЩҵ⼸ǷЩѣǶһֻɢãҪҷѰǱƦ۸ȥ
±ڲӿµͷ˶񣬽Щ뷨𣬡ڽɶҹˣ
ɫӦǣū澶Ѱˣ˼Ҳ˵δ
½ֽݸȻظȥһѾѰ˻ȥǾͲѰˡ
ǡ¼ӦظĵҪЩҪߵЩδظǹЩʱһδ飬ȥׯѰ¸֪
·Ը־Щףعһ䣬ȲҪ֪ġ
ū澼סˡ
ҲӦ˹֪ǴﶪˣҲи¼Ҵߡ
һ溰һĴˣƽﳣȥĵط˸ҲûѰˣ۵ֱͻͻֱòıʲôץȥ
ޡ
º󱳵亹ֱðǿԼҪ룬̧죬ϿͷգȴŻ
ǻȥīʱ͸ýǿߣԸҲڽ˶˲ǣǰҲãֻü߰ʡ
ƽղеļҲͬһ񵽵ȥ˺δ
½ŲԾӿ죬٣֪Ѱ˶ãֱЩ߲ˣڽβڴƼˣͩڽСţ˾
½æ˹ȥļ´һۿȥû˴ֻϵմ˳˵ġ
ƣֿƤôˣ˴ã۸㣿
ͩͷ𻰣ģų
·¾ͬ˵˵ֻع
ֱͩű۽Լס̧㶵ĿԶ
ģʲԵɣҲǿ󣬽ϵ˴˿۲ۣ
ͩתͷ
¼Ǻ޷Ӧ֣߬ҲǷԵҴȥҽݽдƣҩȻܺˡ
˵ϵ˴ûϸƣŷϵ˴ǽ˵ģԼˤġ
ֻǾʲôڽˤˣô㱣·ҲƼģûעˤҲ⸱ģ
дڶ࣬ʺЩ£ɼͩҲ֪أֻñﰵĥ
ţ̧ƼһӲԶĵطʵϤ
е巴ĦĿתض·
ǰԵľʯƼģδ߽ʱΪǿ鲻۵񣬿ɵʱһֱϵǿ飬Ϸ֣ϴ
ϲֻǺȥ
ʱѾãٴƼвӿΪģֻŵҪĹһǵʱֵ¡δԹȣԭΪԼҪ˭ͻȻ壬ιʳ
ֻ֮٣ֻл񣬿Σ
Ů׳ǰЦ⡣
һʱʧ񣬴ЦС
֮ȴӴ˷ٶʵ˾ɣҲ˵Ϊλȥǵϵ壬ֻ˵ţӶ񣬾Цˣʵڽͷԡ
ѲǸΪֲȱԴöȣΪ˷Ц
벻ͨԵɣֻؾصĸںͷ
¿Ǻ˺ַ̽ذϣʶǰסͩӣȫס
ƼҲһ㶣漴ǰҾ
º˴ǰλǽеóգֻδ׼Űݷãˡ
˲ֻüϻĳҲ֪ںδɺЩ
ɫ˼֣ͬйǣÿ
̫Եĵ⣬Ѳֱֻһǽˣ֪ģǰغϡ
̯֣չ¶ϵ壬ʹһ䣬ʶã
ϸС߱΢

 33 

²ۿȥ, ӨԵüҫۣӶĿ
⻰Ϥ, һڻʹٴʱ, ҲͬĻǰôģ
ʶ
, Ͷ룬ֺοǣ
˵ʶ, , ͬˡ
΢̧򥣬, ûԵ
ǰ񲻹ʱźÿ, İ, ο, ģҲġ
ϲĽմ԰, ˼䶼˹ȥµģ㽫ˣһֱױϻ
˵ʵ, ˸Ը, ˸սڶ࣬ɢ, Ǽ
ưܲĴб񱻺ĳţǺ˵ĺܡԸͷĺʵңֻ֮ö˽ȥ
ҲǶ㲻磬еƿﴵֱϮȥ˸¡
￿˿ƳһԵĸɲݶӨ⡣
˼˺һŶϢǰ̽̽˭ϾӲ֮æջ֡
ãɲݶﲢ춯׳ŵٴ֣ǿݶƼͷ塣
ĴȦˣ˶ռ˼ɻδսУͻȻһ϶Ŀŵæ֡
ŤͷȥԾŸ꣬ڣȫģīȥ˰
ߵǰû
ǰ˴ɫϣֽѣֹסĲ伫ˡ
¼æЩɲ̣ûŶͣ˶
˺Щ򣬼ۣʲŽݹȥЦǺǵһ䣬ӣ𣿡
겻˺üӦ˵˾䲻ǣ˳ˡ
ֻǺٳˡ
ҲԹ˴е壬ԽԽŻϲ
˵͵ʹǷ˺ôתۣͣʿˮ֪Ƕˡ
˳ﴧĳʳ»سԵģܱȥ
ǰδ쳣۲ʵڿԥһ㲻Ĵֽ˿𻨸ݹȥ
˭˿飬Ҳʱˣֺ˹ȥԡ
ǺͯǿҲֲס±ҲܾԾȴֺۡ
¼Ҫ˯˵Իȥ
˵˵ʱ˫Ƶ۾ͻüҼ価ϲɫ˵յ±üӹĹĵģ˿Ҳһˡ
ϵĻѰ뿪ʱඪӣ塣
ֻǹգڽǸģڣ֮ȥ֮ģȥ̽ûϢ˵˲ˣѶ
Ѱˣûٹˡ
ٵԼҸ⣬ͬȴûϳϾҲ벻Ǹܳģ
޽һ꣬ⷢǸֻ꣬ʱģûȥ֮ʣĶ
ֱȢ޸Ծʹ޹ϸʹֶα빬ʶ壬ſЦ˻˵ǲʶ
ʱ˵֪Σ֮ǣġ
ʧģԭĹʧȡ֮Ǹбľ
µĿŻδݵأЦ
ЦʵΪ⣬̧ۿȥŮӵЦδ۵ף⡣
ǰ֣Ļش
Ҫƹ˭ϸһͩںͷҵġ
ŴһֻעĻȴûȥӺζĻӦǴڽϵģ绹Ƽˣᵽϣ
˲ӣƳͩ䣬ԭǲȻˡ
δϸ룬ͩʹǰȥ
תۿȥסһε¶ʱһ㶡
˾񣿣
±ܿǰ񣬿ɿ˵ȴȫȻֻͬҲֱܷġ
ں󷽵˶ӣȥе壬ǹģ
ͩףĿⶢ޲
Ƴǰһ䣬ðһ䣬ǴӺδ壿
ͩſڣδ
¼˽ȥۿȻӾðֺαضʣ
Ʊһҭȴתˣͽ˸Ӱ
Ĵл֣Զȥ˵͵Ц
֮ںͷС˾ӣƼЦ⣬֮෴ĵطˡ
.
ͩҴҵߣﲻЩۣͩ΢üһ¶
פôˣ
ͩĿŵϣ·Ӧ֣Ǹ
ͩŪ壬û
¿ȥﲻԾ⣬ǿѹ²ʣ򴽵Ҫϣ
ͩ˵ͷݵǰ
ֽۣ壬ϵ䡣
ۣۣܿʱģ
ͩͫ͵һǺʲô
ᣬպǱ˭ȥ
ͩæˣ֪ʲôŻֹ
֪ǰ취ֻð
ͩĵȥҽݣδ߽ͼͷӰһһŮĽ
͵ضסţǴȥ
.
ϴɺŴ̽Ϣ󣬱Ѱȥڵҽݣ˵յСͽƽջţֻʵڲǰζδˡ
Ϣ֪ͷˡ
ܴڣ̷ҩӭȥʵȡҩ
սȥƼ˱ȷˣԼҪѰ֮ˣ̧Լİ
ǰܴŮ븮ʱߵǸŮŮ븮ʱ꣬ȫȻʶʧ䡣
òѰˣɾȻʧˣ֪ϲǸŭ
ʧٵӣѰ˺ЩطټȫޣûޣԻ˷ӣѰ̷ŮûѰЩ
ǰЩ˵ڴ˼Ѱ˹Щӣò׽ˣȴսڴˣŪˡ
ӽʶ籣
ܴǶȻһʹְ̧򬣬ͼ̵ʹ⣬ʶ
ʹδᣬԵҲʶǰˤӣЩǲˡ
ʵ̣ȥͿ򬴦ɻЩʹ⡣
ܴȻɻȴǴĨֱʹŻ񣬡ҲǴ򣿡
δš
ܴΣ֪ΪΣʱﲻԾ־֮⣬ǰǲʶ㣿


 34 

Ųǰȥϸ, ֪˵, ūſˡ
ͻȻһ, ûϼûסͬײϡ
ӷŵ, õô
ūšūûѰ, ¶Զ, ߵüЩ
ͷǵĺֱð, ˳򬾶ֱ, ûȥ, 
ͷûҿ, »ʶסͩ㲻ǶȥѰЩʳˣµ֪˵
, Ŵ˵ͷ絷⣬ūס
¼ҲΪѣ˰֣лظȥ, Ǳͬ˵˴, ʵġ
ף̧ͷɵﲻ𣿡
ͬ㻹Щδ, Щʱ¥ұǡ
ǣūžȻظˡ
Ӧˣ֪ʲôʱȡֱ㶶
¼ת˻ȥҽͷ
һԭȱǱ˾ӣ¶Ĳ

ʲô
Ǹǰ߽Щվһ˵ŻŮӾҲǸˡ
յСͽܡ
֪أһЩԽ
վȺƼӴȡ˸ƿݹȥ̶֪˵ʲô
·ᲽǰߣǣҪЩͩһ򲻿µҡ
´Ӵ࿴ȥܾô˾ļ
ǰȻʲôûüץסܴ˳ǰǲʶ㣿
öδж½ס棬Ҷǽϡ
ɵ˰죬ͷû˵֪ûǹ
ˣĥܴ˵Ļǰʶ
ܴǸ˵أϻ򵽸ʱ˵˵ǺúõŮ޾ˤӼǲˡ
Щҽ㽫ҽݰһ
ͬ˵Ƕʶضˡ
¿֮ǰйǣ񡭡
뵽˫ĿڶȻָӰ֮ص
һԴͻȻ˲ϻڸϼԭҲǼġ
һ
ѹǰڸϼܴʱϤԭˡ
ǵһҲ컹δ˯ѣۼ齱ˣ㳯ͷ˼
Ҳ֪أöӦ齣᷿
ѰһȦҲδƼˣһ˲䣬׻
ƽǴ粽ͻȻ࣬ú㣬ҹ˻˳֮¡
˯ȫޣʰ±ȥӡ
£ߵЩӺƼĽϵʵУʱð˻
˵ҲɣͬǰҽݻЩվ˵ſ졣
ʱţ˹ȥ˶˵Ļ
糣ɫûĳֶңʱ±ŭͷֻԼ뿪
ҲԹˣû⡣
Ų粵Ŵͬ
ֻ˵ǲˣдӵġ
ţɺδˣˡ
һ䣬ǽΣ¾һ˵򵥡
֫䣬ĳ˲亹ԭΪһǰԼȫȻΣϸЩ¡
ҲĹ֪ϲãҲ֪
һÿؼǶһˣżкŸţˡ
δǰἰ˫ף´ʹ
ǵһ丸ףҲֻ˵𣬲δϸ˵
˵ƴδ׶֣һʹŲҪǴʱ
ţͻȻ˳£ۣͩͻȻɫٴ͡
ôˣ
δǰߣ»ͷڣȥסҪȥģ
ͩûˡ
.
棿
˵ȷ
ܴһʱûڳ˼
˲ٶԣŲߵԣִɸҩĿ
籵ȷҲǸ븮ǸŮֻͬԵѾ߲ͬҽЩ˽ؽţΪֻףЧҡ
ΪҽΪʦܾ˵ǻݡ
ĸΪԼҽãҲûղף˵˼ΣÿضϣĸӶ˼ֲɴȥˣֻ˽»ʦÿÿ˶ա
ԳһЩĸѰ£ϧûã˱徣籼Сĸ˽ӻ˸
⼸մܴ̽ѧǰʦ̹ģֻԭѧʱδӴ
˼ˣĿٿһָ
ѰôãüĿȲҪ֪࣬ǰüͷ壬ǲǰ¡
ܴͷʹһֳһְ򬣬΢̧Լˮ֪ҽʲô
ܴ
ܴ΢Σۣĺ˳Ŷǵ䡣
ֽʲôʶ
лΪͶƱӪҺСʹŶ~
л[ӪҺ]Сʹ
һֻ 5ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 35 

˵, Զ£ָû, 
нû, ܴڴʹ̣ƺһ, ǿվȡ
ЩŲסʱ˺ȻͣסϵĶ, ƽ̹Щҽ
Ŵ, ܴۣʱԲ, ˵̹㣿
δӦ, ˵, ҲǴ򣿡
ۿ, ҽѧԳϤĽ̵
ܴ¶ɻ, Ŀڶǰϣ˿Ŵģֱ࣬ͦ, ɵýη
˵ϵŲǸ˼, ȴ˶˼ֹʵɡ
˵ʦ
һ, δͣӦǡ
ܴ˷ӣǵıʵںδѰҵģ
δӦֵ̧裬һƵǰ
յڣܴ״ŲԱеʦ֣ܴܲȥ
˿ڲ£㲢δȫ۳Ͷ٣ʵڲ·ڴ˴ϼգЩԻȥ
ܴʱǰǰȦ޴󰭣Լ̡

ܴɫתۼߵ棬ɻ֮ʱͼ˸
ͣסţĿɷ׵ӹŽɣĻҲ̽䣬ȷѾͷʵʵˤӡ
ͬ˵Ļٲ룬ǿҪ辡ҽ޹Ҫ˵档
˼̧˹ȥչϣָͷʵǰмˣ
ܴۿȥϸ£¶ãȻǰ֪ûмδ
ۣķӦеģЩɻ
ἰʱķӦʵھңõĻǰȴ޴ȫȻû
籵Ѿͷ뿪Ǻɢ֪Ҳпԭ
ҪЩʱյıǰ׷ѹ
˼ˣü΢šն΢΢ס
ֿܴۣҪԣϢˣľС̧ͷ
ɫ죬ȴѹȸУ̲סϥ
ܴæŲߣָָϵŮӣ̽ζʵŮ˭ʦҪ
ܴ⣬ϢѹȸиΪǿңæԭ;׵˸ӳš
ĻŵԶЩ
.
žડͷͻȻһײܴһǰڵƿɨ˳ȥ
һ̧ۣƼͷˣʶϻʦȥʱλ
üü۱£վţ׶˵ۡ
ܴӭǰȥЦҩ
²̧۶˫жʱһݣ΢̧򥣬ǣҽˣشơ
ܴŴ󣬼󷽵š
ͩϷѵ壬ɫԹҺαؽ飿
Ťͷ䲻һģأЦˡ
˲Ŀֻļˣĵģϲ壬Ͻ㼸ǡ
ͩɫ˼䣬û˵
ǰҪߣûޣǿס⸱ֱӻظȻ￴˱ضҪ߶Щٿ䣬ʵмܲס
ͩһֱ±ûֶ˹Ҳ֪أֵһ˲͸ҵĽϷ˳ȥ
ûȥӣһˡ
˵ԭҲˤһأ˿ûˤ飬ض⡣
ǻǰˤ壬ֻǽ˵ģû˼á
ܴͩϵ࣬Եˤˣ
׵ȷشܲܽȥ˵
ܴ뵽ڵһʱɣ֪룬һֱŴ˴û档
̽ͷô棿
±˵ߴǰҲأԹ˵ȻشбĲˣͬȵȱǣΡ
ܴҪߵü죬һͼֱҽݣΣź˵
ͩףڡ
¸սݣͿЩϡ
ű£δϼ͵һ̧׿ˣīڵӳŹ⣬ֱްЦ⡣
ƽʱģȫȻ̬ͬΪ䵭Ѱġ
Ҳһ˼ľ룬庮Ŀɨ
⣬де춯£׵
еľᣬʱζǰۣܿ£õ⴦ܴġ
뵽⿴ľӵˮðյǵʲô󲡣Լҽ򣿡
żַ⣬Цԭšüͷչ
ܴ˽ǰһʱЩ졣
¼Ų˽ȥδŽȥĶ΢΢ףˡ
ܴʦߡ
ˣܴ˽ȥԴ˼Ӧ
Ҳ֪أҲһģȫˣʲô̼
ˣֻ£ʵﻹĸطȽʹ
.
ܴ׼ҩƼͻȻվʵش򣬷ʦ֣
ͻʻܴЩԣ˿棬ǡ
ӶȻһʱˣΪˣҲˣ˼ȻǴԭʶϵǲΪ档
м˫𣿡
ܴʶͷҡͷ
شǺ⣿
ܴ裬ǰˣʲô
¼ɫ˾仰λŹģʰˡ
ܴۣôЩΣϲԾЩߴ˻һǸ
סˣǮȡͩڴ˴ҳȥһˣܿͻ
˵꣬תͷܴ˵˾䣬ͷشտ£ˡ
ܴӦ¼˼Ҵ˳ȥ
ˣĳȥӿ첽ӳҲȥתƼǰͷţ¶ϲɫæ˹ȥȴûסͷ
Ŵ˶סţͷ㡭
²֪ԼΪλ׷ͣ岽֮ңĵطվĿ⾼
˴νкЩʱռͬǰķԶܵ⣬¶ˡ
һһ棬ٲǸһأټ
ԭһ֮½ŷŶڽʱûżǸᣬǲã˵Ǿ˵Ļ
ͻȻȻˡ
˼ǧҲֻͣԭؽ
ӣƼ˫Ө˸ˮ⣬ʱһ

 36 

ͻȻͷһ, µ, ﳶ˿ӺҲۡ
ĿͶȥ, Ůļ¶ţδͣļ
ֲͣĨ, ɲ֪أǾ˵̵ĺˮֹסˡ
ҡ
һ, ͻȻ
ǰ˴˿ͷ, ۽ͨ죬һģ
һ, Ƴۿл, δ䡣
ռŴ, Цӯӯ, ȥʱϣδ¶顣
֪أ¾Լÿؼ, ίӿ
ҪǷ飬㷲һҵĽ֡
޷ԤϺͷЩʲô, ½Ա, ĵˣǰֻǿѹĵĻңƳˡ
żһ, вתΪˮ
´ͷ죬żػ
Դǻһζ
ӣҪˡ
⣬ʲô
̧ף۰Ͱ͵ҪȥˣǴһʱա
šһ
ǰûʲôҪͬ˵ģ
ͶĿȣ俴Щڣֻƫͷװԡ
ɶԼ˼£˷·;ԶЩĲ֮ˣЩĪԶ
˳ӵĵ˵ͷֻ߶ЩԻСġ
ûԵҪͬ˵𣿡
һۣ˵ʲô
ûʲôһʱЩ٣Ԥϣ㲻̫ѹ˼ˣֵ㡭᲻Ҳȥǣ
һʱδǰȷжͷȥٷЩֽܴʧһҸǳ
˵׼
ŴˣЦӯӯصҲ˾ɼǵҪѰҡ
ĵףںδ˾ϸӦǳΡﲻƽյ죬˪ѩɵĶգڸǽ֮⣬Ц̿
ǴڽΣļǵãεĺͷѪ±Ƽģ
òã
˼߬˴֣ճȭͷ͵Ӧá
ûı仯ֻӦ泩١ȡǰҵݹȥɫ΢죬㡣
Ŀͣϣϸͼ͵֡
ѲͼæĽûջȥ
ۣͷаδɻ档
ġ
һƣǰ仨ЩС֡
ü΢ʵң
µͷδ񣬿ɼɫҲǸЩ
СͲ廨ҲǰտЩӣҵͷ
óֽ͸ǲᣬʱֽһɵҲû仨Ųܰ;ϵ̬ڻ˼֡
֪ò֣Ҳһʱ嶯ֻӲͷƤ˵㣬ֻѹˣͷšǾòֲͷҪҵġ
˻ʱõĸ롣
˵ЦﳶѵҲһ
ΪȡЦԼ޲ðͷ񵽵Цʲô
͸˼ЦɫȡЦ㡣
̧ۿϵңЦҾˣͷ㡣
»δüԣƳҵڵѪžžવµ䱻ȫ
֣һ澪һ潫Լӵݹȥ
֣ԭҩѵ˿ȫƿӦǹˡ
Щʱŵģô˵Ѳɲ֪۵ģ
ӽִȥֻ˿ѿˣ̫ 
ʱϰȵȷ㲻ۣԼûǰĵǡ
ϰ䣬˵䣬˴򣬿ĥ־ʹȴɼǵ
׶ϿҲ˵𷣣տ˲ĸ׿ۣ˺üΣֻδ
꣬һⱻоĶˣЩ˰ųĸ׸ѧҽ
Щ㱣ջͼӽ˿ڰļʵҪͼ
¡¶첽ߣҽ档
ܴҴһΪʲô£δʻ¾һûˡ
ߵúܿ죬ʱģɴδӦϱֱ˺üȦ
̲סϣزôࡣ
°һĹĹĵ֣ҲòףΪ˼̫żˣٰ
֣£һȥԻᴦ
㵱Щɱˡ
ӦתȥķߣԶЩͻȻסС£ˡ
.
̽ӣһ罫žͺġ
ⲻͣڸǰƣšüְ̧˰򬣬Щ͵⣬
߹üҼ価ϲ⣬к·Ըū澣
¿Ϻ˷ܣԴӷԺˣ˵Щʱ̣ѾͷڲͣǰһΡ
ԭûʵ̫ڣġ
ָһԵ̴ľԲʣǡ
⿴ۣΪԼۣæѵū澲ۡ
ûֻһֱָǴЩ΢۾תȦŲŹȥԹ¡
ûԸִŵӳū澽ʰˣҪƻЩʲô
۶ûʰþС
²ѣ·;԰οﲻģү˼·Զүۣѡˮ·ߡ
ӦѾͷڴȲȥ
Ҳǣ⵽СѾͷδͻȻҪȥЩ档
³Դ٩㿴ʲôأͷʲô⣬ѲλӸͷ㣿
ⱻŵһ飬æջߣŲǣūֻǡֻǡ
¼µĽͲ壬ԭɢЦˣѶͬȥͷƣʰǾͿˡ
.
˵Ժʱ㻹ʰ˵Ѿʰ׵ǲģӲ·˱顣
ڸǰ˻úǣŰ˽ʵɶʰѾͷˡ
¿ۣˡ
Ǿ߰ɡ
д˲࣬һ˺ܿͷᵽ˴ϡͷͣ˻ͷϿգֻ˶
ֻǻû߰գͳ״һֱˮɫҰףȻǲӦˮ·
ڸǰҲЩʣⰾ˴İҩιȴôµø
״գ⣬ֺ󣬰;·ŵԺת
·;˺üնû˯Ⱦͷϸпջ׼ڴЪһա
ؽ˶࣬ջ󣬺˲ˣڳ˼ӡͩһ䣬һ䣬˼䡣
׵ųϴһ漴ԸȥСͰˮ
ʰ£Ӧõģūȥ
⴫˻СܿͰ˸޴ľͰ˳ͰˮﻹʲôԸ˵Ե㡣
ˡ
ɫСЩӣߺòĴ͸ĵطȫסϵʵʵ
ºܿȥ¶⻬ıаīڼϣĵ伡ѩ
һҨưˮȥ޵Ŀÿ
ˡ
ū澲ŲǺˣƵģ˭Ҳ˵ÿ
䴽̧ˮϣ˵ϵĹ𻨸ǳĺãͬҳȥЩ
⿴˿ɫɵɫﲻȥ
Ҫ뿪˵أĻùȥ򣿡@
ȥɽūЩǡ
²˿£Ҵ̽Զȥȥͻء
òףҲ֪סź¸£һųȥ˭ϲŸ¥ݣͷ˳¡
߳ȥЩͷĳ澪


 37 

ջ, ˳ȥʱҹɫ谵, ӰӰ´µ, ̫塣
Χһ˽һȥ, ˶ﳯ֣߽, ̽ͷ˵ĵط
Χסĵط˸, ν˶ȥȷһϢٵģ, Ÿ, غ
ϸ, ߴһʵĿ, ƫͷһŮͷ
ǣ
̽Ŀֻͣһ˲ת䵽̲Ѫ, 𷽲ţȫѪˮ͸Ǵڲͣض
ٻȥǿˡ
ֿġ
ǰ˿, ΪҪȥ, ״æסӣȰǾ߰ɡ
δӦ, ֵﲻҪȥ𻨸ЩӾ͸ùˡ
½һ٣ͷȥ
ⰡһӦͼԼҹֳ˽ҪϣͼһͻȻӱϼǰ
ڽų￴ռˣ֪ԭȾ͸ñܹ⣬½ѣҲˡ
ʱ˶˳˵ٲȥҴСûˣ
ڵϵŮδӣǳ˿ͷ޶ȥڴֳָ
˻һܱóľΧڴ˴˴ֻǿ֣δ֮ģв˶뿪ֻ˼Ų
ɢæȥѰԼҹӰ˾ǰͷŲ˹ȥ
תͷбһۣʵˣ
ҡͷҲҲϵĺū澲֪ģҪͬһ𡣡
µûָȥ㷽ģ
˵š
˵ţͻȻ̾͸ϧǵù̯ôĽҲ»⵵£
º˵Աߴ˴գֻͼ̫ԣֲ˲ӣ泯ǰͷװ
ֹţûƼľٶ
ѾͷģΣǰЩӱ˼ˣⲻҲˡ
˭˵ǣһߣӿ¸ѹˡ
Ǹ̾˿۶ʩӣܲܽ⡣
һֱδĸŴɫһ䣬ҿûӣСǮ
¡
ֲͱġ˵ţϵ˿˿ɫģɷӣضǵˣȻ͹ͱһҪ˵˲źãʡˡ
²֪ɣֻ˵Ļʵڹ֣̲ס㲻ӱǣ˵⻰δ̫Щ
һԵ漴͵ǣϻˣ˰ЩŸģ˵ԭȰʱ˵ǰϹˡ
ָĸ˵һ˫ۣ쳤ӵôǷԭҪ֪ܽң
˿Ťͷ
ĸ˳¸û꣬¼ǰһǰ
Ӵһ˲ǰһʱת˵ӴѰ˼˭أǴĹңԹԶڹ뷿Ѱأ
ԭȶںͷŴǰŭ㣡
סԭȸĸʣλˣôһ£
⸾˲ǸҰ֮ˣƵϷˣһлЩ
˻˻ԼŻŹڵϵ˵Ϊϸ£ѾͷǴˣʱ˲һƶƽռʡЩȥֻöģⲻǰպ˾ƣķԼŮ˽ȥ˵ҵȥˣֳţűͱ˵ӡ
ôͣڴ˵أ
֪ѾͷĵϢ˵ǿջסλˣҪֳָ
ɣôûŻʲôסڴ˴Ǵ˭
ʲôˣǲͶҽ
֪˴ţǸҲûʲô˵ˣ֮ģŲߵŮԣӺɰȡӵݵǰȥֳưɡ
Ůͷδ̧Ŵæͷ¼״סд˴Щɱʱ
Աϣͷлպö˶ţˡ
Ϥ׳ǰ˵һǰڡ
˾һʹʱŵǸѾһ˵
ʱ˾Ѿͷ
ǡ

⻽ع񣬡ʲô
ʹ˸ɫѣӡ
´ۣԼӵδɣǰ֡
΢¿ӷģɫʲô
﻽Ұ
֪
ۣǰæץס
΢˶ǲľٶ
¼ۣչյҷ㡣
л
˵꣬ͷŲӵ磬Ҫסˡ
ŵ˲֪Ƿһ˫΢񣬰Ҳ˵ߡ
˻ЩݣܷͷҿЩȥȥͻء
ףæӵķȥ
Զֱת
סʱ£ȻƼ󴦵Ǹڿ顣

һƼ˿飬һڵģ˵ǲ֮ס
ҲУ֤
֪ﲻգǵú
ԼǰΨһõˣˣ֪ǰæѰЩҩû˵ơ
ڴ־ϲ
ΪҪ
Ļ˼·㲻ܿ
ͷɡ
ԭбˣﲻҲûȣ⻰ⲻ˵ֹֻ
͸뷨ЦԭǸгȻȡ
ðͬΣ
ⴹͷһģū澲𣿡
±ͷǸģĻת˸䣬⵹ǣֻûȥһɾҪˡ
Ⱥ˵Ļù˵Ҫүͬ𣿡
³գգۣԻ׼
.
ܿ˴ѰС˽̧ջУѾ˯£˵Ҳ٣ֻҪǿڳһӡ
ҽߣһ˵Һǵû˼ҪֹסѪձܺá
һֱԣҹɫȫ͸ʱ⽫˴Լڡ
ռҪæкס˷ٶ
ˣϥ˽£
½Ź𻨸ĵǰһƣ
һδʳ͵¿ˮ֪ǰĹƣҲֽ֪鷳࣬Ļܰ˼ҵĳʳ
ôǲϲʳ
δӦ˿Լϧˣ𻨸Щʲôҽ
æ֣ﲻطģҲ
˵ţӹʱߺҲ͸ˡ
ת䣬˿𻨸Цеʣó𣿡
ͷһسĸ㣬һڣСóԡ
㣬ʼ£Ӧ֪ҲˣһҾҪ뿪˵أԸͬһ𣿡


 38 

δӦ, ûĻ
״ߵԣֳ, ѵι, Ҽҹ㻰ء
˻δµҲ, ĵϵĸۣ߻ǰ¡
˰, ϥԵԸ, ֳ
δ˵꣬±˻, ֪Ĺ˼, 㲻ص, ҼȻ, Ȼȫ֮ߡ
˱ˮֳȬԸڸУı·
, ΢ͷˣҲǴ⡣
¶̧֣, ǣ
˵ֳҲ߶, ·Щ㣬ֻ»۹
һ˵һϿ˭δ, ЦҰģԻᰲ׵
˿л
¸˸ֽ˼ɱ˶ӣϽЪ°ɡ
˫ֽȥԭδɻ󣬡ɻԵ£
֪ռʱ̣
Լǳʱ
ӦΣû
ͻȻ뵽˸£ˣ˵ջס˸ˣ֪Ǻˣ
ߣŴ˽Ųһ٣ͷ֪
֪
ѲǸ˺ұģ
ĿͼƳʲôɫ糣ѡ
˿ûܻ䡣
죬Ц£ƿۣ㵽ָ
ﴹףƬ̵ǰֳŵ˵ջдˣұһ֪ڿջ£ͷ
ŶȻֳŵΪβȥŸ״
ҧճȭͷֳܸ棬Ǯƫֳ̻˳ȥ
д£
ֳǱķˣͬķһֹ
˵ţ߬øָʧѪɫԭȶķ޹գţ𷣣ʵ蹫ı˽޹˹˽ȥ
ȥţ´ֻ᲻֮˲벫һǴ¹ֳָǾȰˮ𡣡
ָ̧ıοſģд£ѰŴߡ
˱ۣл¡
ȻȥЪŰɡ
ǡ
.
ˣ֪ģǴȻ۵
ְ̧˰Ŀڴ˻ͷ紵⼫ˡ
ǰشӣҲЪ°ɣɱӡ
ջͷиӰԼۣҹ˾ô߶
ۣ̽ͷϸ˿
ôˣ
㿴ǲǰ
ºɣ˳źָķȥ
ǰ
ǽЪţôȥˣ
Ǵ󵨣Ҳ±ǵȥ
ͷĲǡ
Դֿء
ûͷ˸ڣݶϵһԸ
̧̧°ͣȥ
ǡ䣬˾ʧûӰˡ
νȥĿҲ죬ûһֻˡ
ʣȥˣ
عϱˡ
.
ڶѵĸ磬컹δˣһţͼﱳŸͷδϼǱһ
ô⣿
۾³ˡ
ɵۣģ
ҹӹ˴ӣʰ±ڽˡ
ѹҹȥԭǻȥʰˡ
Ȼһƣ룬һҹû˯
ſͷ˻
ݣʱ磬ȥſԻ㡣
ȰﷴӦž͹ˣȷۼˣѰڰϣſ¾˯ˡ
ŵߵڣС𣿡
û˼ҪҪʱͻȻˣЩ죬¶ôô磿
£˯ˡ
Ƕˣ
ǲǣͬ˵¡
Ĩ˰ᣬҭ˵¡
ֻǴ˾δЧֺ䣬˵ԭȼ˰Լһء
ԭȲţдʣһҪ޵ģձ˽ȥ
¼˷Ӧͬˣɾͳһ롣
˵ҵ£˳ȻǱˡ
ۿ͵ֹסؿ
䲻ɨһۣʲô
·ˣӲͷƤղŵĻ˱飬ȻףԱ߰ţ˵
˵أ
Ǽ䡣
.
˵Żȫվͷ˵
һ˸ˣλͷá
»ͷ˵£˳롣
Ӧǰ˹˹֣ˡ
ǣ
ἰԼգȻһᣬ˵иֳһȷǷ
ˡ
˿һһ¥
˼ڴˣԭֹƼˡ
ﻹиˡ
ţͷ˳
Ǻˣɫһ䣬Ťͷߡ
˼סζּˡ
Ŀȥһ䡣
겻ɢ
߹ǰװǻƣ˭
ԭα¶
´ƹȴץסʹһ㣡
Ƹƽƺƫ
һصιδ̫Լˡ
ƫ
Цһ
ġ
ۣ͸ΣյѶϢ
ֱЦһ˵Ц
ιӿһ仰
ʲô
ָָ󣬡ù·


 39 

˻һ, ǰ˲ϵЦ⣬δ, ̶ӿ
, Լǡ
ȵıϢڶ࣬±֮, ˼ײϡ
仰˵ü, żֺõζ
³˳, أЦʱܶ࿴һ, ʱֻк, þֶ, ĥ, ĻᣬԶԶ, ⼸ܹԼ
ǿЦ
͸Ŵ̹ǵ⣬ÿ
Ҳأ
δ, Ƴµĺڶгѥ, ֲԾ߬Щϡ
ǰδвֻǹΪ֮, һ֡
ƫͷҧͷӡ
˭ն϶Ȼһգ˹ȥ
Ʋۣӥˣֻһ˲ƵĿȥ
ϰ棬ЦҪ°æϣ
̧ۣ֣һһٵصҡ
ӭ˫ӣǰ˷Ǹ񲢲ᣬ⣬һ۱׹ѡ
һʼͶе⣬Ӳã֪һ˵ģʲôˣݲ衣
ƶ죬֣ӵݵǰ
̧ȥã˭ͻȻһɣӡžડأˤ˸顣
ڽͻȻˣûüȥץƼָ⻬䣬ͷ黨֮ɢ
ǰǽһƬָģɺֱǿѹŭ⣬ιǺ⣿
Ǹһʱûס
޳ĵһ仰׼Σ¥£ǽͰܴ¡㲻ǣƼⷬģԿ
һֶǹΪ֮
òѰģ䲻͵ģģ˶١
ƽţʱʱ㰲ģһ飬ǰһͬˤˡ
»ָס
Ʋ벻Ǽΰˣ֣Ǽ̣ﲻͬһȥ񡣡
¼Цӿǲƴֻ֣ɣһ֧֪Ҫң
ɨһۣʵΣ
ǻŭƽϢʰѵӲ˲Ӳˡ
ֱֻ̧ۣϣӱܿЩ
šüΪΣ
ӽͬҵȲһ·ˡ
ǰ
δ˵ͻȻƿӺ󷽴¶
ڴʲô
չŹ֣ͩ϶ҩЩɵĿһߣλǣ
ƫͷʱǰ˽壬˵ӦǵԼˡ
ֻ£ǲϵģһԵĹȴһʼͶж⣬ǰ
.
½ϵ䣬߹ȥҪȥţ
ͩһʱδͦϣԼ֮⡣
ǰ˹֣
ͩĿ⣬񣬡ʶң
ƶд̽ζϻݳڼһأﲻǵˣ
Ҳʵں棬˵⼸ͩ״̬˲٣ɲ֪ʲôǽˣᣬδͬԭǰ㡣
˵Թֻ͸Ϊα
ͩԼõ飬²Ӧûƭҡҡͷ¶Ǹ⡣
ǰһ˵пԭǰӷһأ˳ף
ۣ鵽࣬յģϻѰŵûţ
.
¥ƼˣкţɾҪˡ
Ҳˣͩ¥ȥ
ãżƲæشӺͷǰζؿ
ë
Ĳɣ⿴ܣλ˸˳ȥһ˲ԭȸ٩٩̸̬ȹǫ
ѲһҪˣ
ָһ㣬ǸõʱˣδǣʵۻδѸ£㲻ү
û˼ܿع۰ö˵¡
Ϲ죬˵̾Ϣ׶˿ҲԱӦš
ˣⷴԲãֻ˵ٿǺˡ
һԵС˻⣬ȥͷ᷿
ֳǸʵˣ֪Ǻ˾ԼҲԼ˿ǷȬҪ齹ݡ
˽סһԴţν˶ΪҺʵʲŷġ
߶ȺͰһӣպǿţ͸Ű
ͬû˵Ļ⣬ʵڿա
ﴽǸϬ
ɨһۣڣϽȥʰʰɺͳ
ġ
ºܿƻԼ˯ǳ㾪ˣǰҪˣ
ٵȵȡ
˵Ŀڸ¶յ˿ڲ裬ᵽĴ˾棬ȥͷ¡
̽£˵λ٣ʵϳǹ٣ǽ˴£ɻԸͬһߣ
ָ´ɱδѵҪˣһ߱Ҳزˡ
ͷԭȲڻݹȥūԸŹ
.
ģ²δһڹﵱˣ˵Ӧơ
ԭʱû˵ݺƳ˻ʵۺյˣȻƫ̫࣬ڴˣֻ֪ܹҪ
ٽ̵ʱڳƣʶȤûܽ
ûʩһŲǰ
һֱţûҲû
صȳס͵ҡ
ƼͷæóӵݸˤӣŹԭǸѰģɻϲ
²ãӴĳ֣Ӻҷ˵Ļ
ҿûӦ


 40 

ۿͷѾ, ˶ˡ
˾·, Сֹ˾, Ҫȥʲô
òԶ, һŲˡ
ڶ˷ǵ, ǰ˵, Ӳݵ˼
ü֪ȥǰ취
, ָͷ, ӹһ, ֱ׹, һ롣
¼ɫڴΪѵ, ûסܲҪɣ
δ±ŲŴ˹ȥ˺š
ߵ, Ŵﱻƿ, Ͱһ˳
²˺Ͷߣʰ𣿡
⻳§ŰױƵĸ, ūѾװˡ
һԵİҲ˵ͷ
ȥɡ
ǰˣӦȥԲɶ࿴ۡ
˺ܿ¥˻δ룬ֻºš
Ъĸ磬Ϯ´˸ǷԺ⣬һȵǵýҡ
ǡ
ͷͷеͶһλӡ
ʱע⵽ˣ˲֪ʲô⣬ܻضŴ˴
Ǹɫĵͽӡ
㵽
˵ͬΪѾߣɰﵽǰ·ģ÷ִ磬Թ˹ȥʲô£
ָۣŹǰͷλãԸվ⡣
ŲȥǰסˣԴΪ⡣
֪ǲƳ˼һ˱תӡ
.
ۿ̵ʱ»ţջ
һԸС˽ֳźӦаҲ
ԴӰ˵˸ִԭȺߺȥչ˵˽Ա˻ȥȥȴδвԸʵڽο
±ŵĳ׷ˣ˺˽ģһ;ðֳʲ˰š
ͷѾ߸߹𣬳խСĸڣʵƵûţһϾͳ˲㱡
⽫ʪȥš
ߵò죬Ǿȣƿ紵ЩȴδϵͷķȺģǵڡ
ţתƼһˣ°׽£һģ
ֻ⸱̬ûά̫ãͷЦЦ
ۼ⣬ҲƼˣڱСֹūڿջҲˣѹɫҸ⡣
겻ɢ
ôǣ
һԵۣͩǿǣ󣬡˵һͬ
ѹ֡
·ӣͶĿ⡣
.
΢΢Щ½Ҵ򿪣ͷ˺ü顣
ȫϣϸƴ
ʵ̫飬ֻǿƴţ·Ǹ£͵һζȫɢˡ
ͩŴ˾棬
˾䣬Ȯȥ
ⰡͩǹеĶȮÿб˵
ýͣ˰֣¡
.
˼գһ·¿ƣ˵ûӴ;λµ˼գ˾ʹ˷ֵ
ֱͷϸ΢ĴǻԳȥδ˲
Ѳ¶֮
ľսδȥֻ鲻
죬͵ȥǼӣͷˣҲδѪ֪ǱĨ˻Ǹûš
ײպ󣬳ʧ쳣
޹ϸ𣬱Ҳû
.
һ£һ㵽˾ǣٵɸͼһΧͷš
´ȥΪ׵Ƕ常٣ϡ
ԱվλŮãȻ
һ۾ע⵽ļޣ޲ðнζϡ
λóڣıʵ̫ԣǿ̼֮
һǰȻҹһ֮Աǵ˹ڵϿ޵滨꣬ɸ
ǻҲѱδӦ
ȻΪǰĳͻŲ˵ˣдһ
ΪδȰοָյĸ߰˵ĹΣ֮ͬء
պδǷҲӦˡ
.
ǰͣˣ·½Сͷţ͵
ܿ죬˶˺ͷǰٺѡ
֪˵ʲô⽫öǰͷ¹ԹһԣƳȻһ
ôֻĴţͻȻƼиԴ˳
ʶ
Ҳ֣ȵʱ常⻹δȢ
£ȴֹһˡ
ԭʱжӼһŮλֳΪ͢ЧҲڸڡ
һδãһһһŮӦþǸġ
ǸԴܿʧˣֻƳۣûġ
ߴϵЦүǵģɩһ·࣬˺þãôͷӱ˲ˣǽȥЪġ
ʲŲףæк
ɸھǣȷʵԼסɲ٣´ԿۣŽá
ͩվǣŰʹɫˡ
ĸá
Ӧ޵¶ͩɴˣˮˡ
ЦЦһûһĴŻƳһ࣬ǰɣøɩ񡣡
öŴæֻýڻǸӹ겻Щɱ֡
ĵĻ
ô˵ȴֹҲ˵ˣδ
ưͰɣ
˺ܿС˿ھƣʣ⼸ôˣ
űǰʱպЩˣģӦûˡ
ټҲ١
仰䣬ļ˳֮£ûþûùˣĳӳãϾı¡
£ȴ٣ʱ⽫ȻƵԱ£˵Ǻú飬Ȼ䲻ԸҲû֣ŭʹϣǹӲˡ
Ȼ˸£ߵĵ̲ȻУȻǲϲ
ۣ˸ͷδӦʱֱӼ޳˶ѽЦöЩ
Ŵ󶯾¶˸ƵЦݣߴٵ˿ɾͲˡ
ϵ˶˹ȻһǻŭҲֻǿ£˿ӣҳԱˡ
±Цָÿ֪Щܾ¶ǿɲ˷ѡ
ȻҪٳ˵Ķԡ
˻һȻɫʮѿעֻú˿޳ˡ
ĺã֪ǽˣδͬá


 41 

, ֪˻˵ġ
¸մӺɻر߻ѰŸǽȥ, λݵŮ
˭
Ĵ, ǰͷһݣŲǰ߽Щ
϶, Сġ
۵ٴδվ, ˳ŮĿϿ, ƼҼиͯſţ˿Ŷ, һְ֦һֳ֦ϵֽ̽ȥ
Ʈһ, ϯ֦Ҷû졣
Ůɫ, һɡ
ں¡
ش, ֦ͷҶӱŵҲҡҡ׹
ͻȻꡱһ², ϵ֦ˣ֦辵ͯһ̤գֱֱ׹ȥ
ģ
¾˼˹ȥ
ò, î㾢Ǵ, ۿ˾Ҫأͽֽ˽סˡ
³һѹ˱, ƺһЩסǿסӵϵĳ嶯ǿվӡ
ҶͯĲߣδ˼ǡ
ˣȴǾʹ˶䣬˻
ߵûתۿˣһŮ˾ԭһĶ
ôЩ죿
ںȻиӰ̧ϸϸ˼ţߴһ
˼ϣɨȥƼڵϵͯޣƵžžµ
͵ʾס졣
ͯһֹסգ˫۾ɫϡ
Ŀ⣬ǰһ
ҲǸСˣʲô£һǸѵ
Ը룬ֳͯɤӿˣؿ޵ĸ˺ѷΣǵͨ졣
һԵŮ˶æ߹ͯıˤʹˣơ
㣡ϵ˲飬һƿ
ں࣬״ַס
С㲻ʶô
ۣȥ˭ͱŮס֣סŻͷקŮһ֣ۣģų

Ȼˣڸ⿴Ǹŵ˾
ѹ־졣
ǰ˱ЩСϼ⣬ϸл㡣
Ӧ˵ΣƲգ
Ů̧ͷ˳Ľë£ǡ
ϵͯԾڿޣƳһۣڴʲôȥǷδ⣬֪Σ
̧ҡ
¶䵽˺۵󲿣ôˣ
͵֣С
Ž߻ͯߣһʱûֽҵϣš
δ˵꣬ͻȻһ˷ش˹һƿգϵСе϶ˤˣʹʹ
˻δзӦ˼գôͬ˵ģúտ϶ʲôҪ϶ҿĲ㡣
߬䣬˳ȻȾ⣬ͷ˰벽
ǰĸ˻ͱˣ³ûͷĹͬƾɵʵƣ
ԭȾţľٴʧƫģԼŮ˿ϧʹһ㡣
ƫͷͻȻ̧ͬӣģŸ˵Ƕ϶
ϸȻֹ·Ƽˣ˲תɫϹЦձʱšһѣô˵
üšǣС߹϶л
϶ȻδӾлҭţ
һۣδ
ϹҲסЦݽӲЩ϶ˣĪ֣ūл϶ûš
ָлЩʡǣ޹֮ˣ˵Ŀɶԣ
ָһЦݣ͵ԼǣȥҶú˵һ
ףܿƲһߣ÷ſţ֡
һקգûǽ˵ġ
ںͷ³о޷ϰΪ
ʵڿۣȲ˵һͲ׵գⷬ˲á
ߵ࣬ǿǣ֣ˣòͬȥԭȴݳʱѰ˺Щ⣬׼ϲġ
ղδ¶ٳУˣһЩҪ죬л⡣
һк£ʢܲȥ
䲻ɨһۣŲΡ
£»ֱұǡ
Ӧ£ˡ
ûסºϵ˺۴Ӻζⴥɪ£Ҳ˴
ն⸮ϵС㣬ڿˣ
ţǰͷͻȻعͷ峺⡣
ſڣû
˵лл
.
ذ׵ֽ𰿨֦Ҷ䲻µڴ֦ϣ紵Ҳֻ˶£޵֮⡣
»ع߹ȥ˳ϵϸ˭ûɶĸ
ģΧѲ˼ȦĿֻ֮мʯ
߹ȥʰʯ˵ߣȥ
ʯӹ֦ѾֱһȥûԤ֮еһŭ
¶ס˰ȴû˶˿˿ʯӳȥ·ûֽ𰡣
̵֦Ҷһأֽ˳ֻϧֽ̫𰱻ǣҡҡ׹ĵڰ֮С
˼ţȻڵشӺͷ˳ŷǿʯҧгݵ£
ԩ·խ˸ʯͷ
ЩͷۣƤЦһÿǽдˣ˵üԲã㣿
Ȼһ֪ûģأһͷͬĸ˵ÿģ
֪ȻҲ磬ϻ·磬ǲģֶ˿ʯӣû˵ǰ㡣
ŶԼã
ȻָָһԵѾߣǿɶˣԻ֤
ôӹǰĺɻرȥ
Ȼ⸱ĵģȥҾ㣬ɸ
һ»ͬ䣬ֻм
ûٳ²ۣȻһߵѾʹɫͷݺݵصһۡ
¹ʴ˶ЩȻյرߣѾ߾ʹӺͷ˹Ҫע⶯
׼˶ʱһץס˳ƽ˶ˮС
ѾˮУǺ˺üˮ
֣⳯ȻãѾˮˡ
ū澡ȡū澲ˮ
ĿδɣԼˣȻˮе˲ͣһ
ֱӽеʯ˹ȥɽס߹ƮƮ˵˾䣬ÿҪģɱҲȥˡ
Ȼֱţţ
.
ûȻһ·ϣջȥͼͷˣ˳˵ԸūҵӾ֣븮Զ
´óңϣȥ
үﲻ罫ӽūȥ
պӣƵĴһİǾͰȥɣڸϡ
ʹãһʱżסһֲ֪ںδ
̾˿ִȥЭ˰ˣūˣҪӦūȥȥͻء
Це߰ɡ
ǰѰ˸ţ˿ܣźӸ͵˳ȥ
ӵӲԶʱ磬źĴȦΣֻȰȰֱ˶׼ǰȥ
Ӳ󣬿˵ȴ٣̽һ֪Ŵ˴и֮˲ģֻǴЩŹ֣¶ƾԵ֡
λҪʲô
˵ǸСˣŤͷȡӵȥʴ޺ã                        
þûˣǸ໣ww

 42 

С˶, ɷڴ˵Ƭ̣
ʱĹأԽӵ˹ȥ
Сֽӷľ, ǰ󷽵Բαȥ, ڴ¾ɷԸСġ
, ͼص˱ݵǰ
á
ˡ
ߺи, ʾ, ˶࣬ûŽ
Ų˹, ĶŰϡ
³ǰȥ, ǰͷ, С˴, ⣬λƫǡ
¶յ˿ڲ, ΢ͷԵشܣ˵˸۴ģǸ, ΧѾСźš
, ͷͷʮ㣬˭Բ, ֻС˽ýȥٴѡ޲
ɽ˵û޲õĶ
ЩԴ֮Աǣ˵Ǵ˺ͣǱڲȥ
ţ˵Ĳȡڲƭ֮˵
ЩǺⷽǰͷ̽ģ˵üСȥ
ۿһĹȴûа㶯ļʧԣͣ߶
ۿҪ£յͻȻˡ
ͷǷǸӴСˣͷżӣ϶ľ̡
һ¶棬Ǽ˱㼱æӵȥһ˵ѡˣ
С˹˹֣λٵһ
˸ߴ࣬ⶼЩʱˣɱˣǰװ׵š
Сߵ˶λ԰꣬λʵڵȲȡԼĶȥ
˻һ˵ûٳ£ֻ˽ֹ˼䣬˼û˵ɢȥš
Сת˽ȥؽȥûñˣӽ黹
ΧҾλذɡ
˲⣬ѡȫߣ
С˱̸ܶλ´
һֻϧ̾˿ˡ
ƫ˸ûʲô£ƫŪٺŪǡ
˸͵˭˵ǣǼţװŪ

⼸һһ͵ģСŴ˺޲¿˼ۣźͻȻ˽ס
»ͷֻһѾߴ˹
ܣûˣȻǱġ
ң
Ѿߵ˵ͷ˵⣬Ҽһ档
ĸɻָǰͷ˵ļ˵ӣ˵Ǹ
ǡ
½ŽɣǰǴӺ߳ģӦ˵ٻ
ΪҪ
Գ˻߰ɡ
˽ϣ˭ϸյǰ㱻Ѿסˡ
³ͣҵѾߡ
Ѿ߲δÿӣֻҼӷԸֻһˡ
΢΢ü˼ںģڴ˵ҡ
ǣɡ
Һܿ
ֻͷѾ߼ÿӣЦЦ
˽ȥԭ֪ӺͷֻС棬ŷԺŴ·Ѿ˺ü䡣
˺һͣԶʯ˸ˣ
Ѿ˹ȥӣ˴ˡ
ҹȥ
ǰ˼ǰתǸˡ
߽Ů˵һǳİ̺ۣ֪ιʣȼ·ԱߵѾ߲
ʱѾŲߵԱߣߵѾ˵󷽣ƴϵӵݵǰʴǹģ
´ȥǡ@
ðһ䣬ӴӺζ
˷ͼüġ
ǰͻȻ̧ۿץ֣ɻǵʲôģ
±ͻȻľٶһ˦һ
Ǹ˲ԼʧæĪ£Ҳ޶⣬ܸ֪һ
±ȵĿⶢţֻڡ
¿ˮӵ̯ʵûʲôӡҡҡͷʵǲˡ
ϣ
¾Щʲô͵ԭݳѰģڴ˴
ȻǸŴɫһ૵Ǵ
ûĻ˼ϵ̽һ䣬ʶô
δһԵѾ߼ǰǸ˶ߵ䣬Ѿ߽˷Ъš
Ѿ߼߹Ӳʣϸ̸֣Ҫ޲ӿɵʮպȡ
ʮգ
Ѿ߼ɻ󣬽͵˵أ޲ҪЩ򡣡
Ǳ鷳ˡ
ū͹ȥ
أʶ·
˵Ѿ߻Ǹųȥԭ·أһ·ߵü죬·ѾЩ
æ鿴ͷ£ͷɻã
µͷ̯εǻظɡ
˰ģŰ˳ȥ
һ·ĲɵģǸ˵н֣ǸǰǼǸӣʵĻӦӵӡ
.
ܿͱԺΪһظͼԺ
ô⣿
ţ߹ȥˣΪҪã
ʲô
¾Լһˡ
ãȻʱˣ
ȥõǸ
ʲô
δߣĻŮף֪ô
ģߣקߣ
ҲûȷǸȥƸȻҪ˰װԩˡ
ԺսݾƼмһˣǶδĸϣž񲻴
ĿƣƳſԱ߿޿Ȼ
ƼȻδµһۡ
ˣװģ
˶ֻӲͷƤǰȥϥ¶ĸĸ밲
ǣɶʱɴ¡
²˰סţ
Ƴһۣ֪㷸˺δ
Ů֪
ȻŴڵվָĸƵҡ
㵽ĸǰڸģѲأúݵģ
治ɫӽϣ֪ĸ֤ݣ
ȻƳصҵѾ߿ȫˡ
ԼѾ߲ѣ
ȻϵʣָԱߵֵֿҲˡ
߹ϷˣūȷƼˡ
΢΢ףƼ¹ŵСС;˵ŭ㻹ʲô˵
δ³ԣƳæһ飬¶˷ȥҶúýѵӦ֮٣ǹƵġ˽ҩȻͿϹվܺˡ
ϻҩɣ
ҩֽԭأ²ãֽҩƿ˹ˣôûƼ
˻δ˵æֽӴԭͷϣǸøϽҩͿϣһɾҪˡ
Ȼ֮⣬ֱš
ϼŹߵǰ㻹֪ڸģ


 43 

±粵, ͼϴͷҴ˽ǸյϢδ̽, һʵôˣ
Ȼӭȥ, ί
ϼԼŮͷ˸ʱ۲, ôһ£ô˳
Ȼɫ΢䣬ɶƵŭ⡣
Щʱ, û, ʰ׵߶˼Ѿ, һЩ, ͻȻ, ǵûԿһ, Щˮ˵ͷˡ
ǡ־ƼһĻû߽ĸ, ֤ػβ
˼ˣȻ۹ǰͷˣսȭŭ⣬գ۵Ů֪ô˶, ұҪˮ
ŮҶһȴͷ, ࡭ҭҭĨ˰ᣬҡҾͲˡ
üͷšı, ĪҪ˵
˵ţǰߵǰͷ¶Ƕ⸮кβ
صɩ˵ĵĻһжãͿˣҳˡ
˵ţߴٵȻǸ
ˣū澽һֱŹû
Լҹί̲סԱ⣬ֻ⻰δ˵꣬ĹԴϣѾߣ˵ķݣ
žž֣˿ȥ
ⳡϷˣ³ʹ˸ɫ£̧϶ӣ򾲵ĸ϶ŮĴˣ
һۣƼ㻹νƱ磿
ţͷͻȻһ󶯾ͷƼͩ˽
ʱ˽״㾰Ҳδ̫죬ǰ߻λϣȰҪɵЩӡ
ϵĹȣŭ̳ĺŮ
΢ߵԱߣ˲ַ˺£
ƽŮ˵ʲôûң
¹ȣԶĻʾ
ĿɨɫᶨһգգضĶȻ˼֣˵¶¶ˣзִ磬Ǵû޹ˡ
ˣﲻ¶˵˵
ϵûӣӦλϡ
һԵ֣ʵ֣ںδƼҺã
ֱʼߵǰЩʱūԺƼ˶Ĺڳվš
رߣ
ѵǻ˳ƽȻ߶ֽŵѾ߶ˮбƼˣ˽˴ܸͨ
ƳȻӸµȥ˫ﾡǵ֮ɫ
ŶֿƼã
ʱͬĹִūƼĹһˣֻūӳٻû׷϶
ϡ棬ɫ죬̶ʣǼʱǴ
΢˼£ūǻҪϷ˰ҩӦʱ
ʱ
ֻڳʱȻʱͳ˸кƵˣ
תͷɨˣҲ˻ֱߵϡ
ùϵĲȡ˸ӣɻĿеŮȥĸѰ˼񣬷ŲŻȷռң
´򿪺ӣ¶һŽɫϸƵĽУͷŸҿһͷɫɫͨ͸ţǸϡ
Դһ֪ĸǶԹ񲻵òͣ˸뵹ˡ
ƼаɫȻһ䣬Źȵ΢ǴӺδѰģ
±̸ܶЦĸɻϲ
Ȼûϵһ֮תɫǰĸҪֹ
˵ĶԣҪЩ˵ʱǻڸĸѰˣ˵ѣ
ϥæϷˣūԾްٻ
ְ̧˰򬣬ԸһСˣȥŵĻʱظģ
ĵӺ͵ȥģô
ûǰͷߡ½ŻغУĸǲţɷԸȥ緻ʣǵ˿ɶңһ˼ӣͷҲϡ
ۿҪջУϷŹȵְ˰ڣˣ²׷ˡ
Ȼһʱ󺰵ĸǺͿˣǧĲԣͷˣ
ϼһץסĪҪ
ȻһȻŵˣ˰죬ʶԼ˵ʲôסտڲԣϽͷЦȻ
δ¼գۣӵݸ֣˾䣬Щݵ˼û˵ٻǡ£Ƽ˵棿
ֳ£ҡͷūδǰ
ӽȻĿϴתֱͣڣʲô
ڴЦЦúα˼Ѳɴ㰲ţ˰ҽƼ
Ȼָܻ˵ʵң
ʮּҵĶǣͷϵ˿ڣʹ˻⸱ӵװġ
һЦϵüҪǿҪ鷳ĸúöǡ
̾˿ȥɡ
ĸ
Ȼ˵ȴһסˣһ۲žʹ˰١
²ᣬȥúƣ˰̡
⻰˵꣬˾ûվ˹ȥһѽ˷סд򣡡
ۣΧԱ߹еӿɻŵס
ˡ

ܿϱ˽ȥѾСæһţֻʣˣƳһԵͩͷ˫ֲؽ·޶˸²⡣
ѲȻԲ٣ֻƼͩ
ϾȻִԼû´ӦȻͩϳˡ
̧ϸմǼˮɫȹͬϵ·ȷЩƣǲ⣬ϴȥ
̧ͩӣ䶢ţֻæܿۡ
¼ľٶƶĲ룬óδ춯
Ȼ䲻Ӻ˹
һӱѹڵϣɺۣѹҵ͹㣬˼֮أĸģȻûָҪԽ㳢ͷζ
²δֻŽǰ˵֮Уûڽº֣ûִ粻ʱ֣ǿɾ͹ֲˡ
ȻԼв㷢˺˺·ĶҳһƬû˹¡
ͩȻˣ˼
֪ˣҲ⣬ֻգ۵Ĺͩ͵س˹һƿȻ
ȻƵˤԶ㣡


 44 

Ȼ, һ˹ȥ
ͻľһʱ񣬷ͩ, ԭΪҪ, 뾹Ȼֱײ˹ȫ
˶˹ȥ, üسվ
Ĵ, ϵĻ, ⻽⡣
ūڡ

˽ŵĶ˺Ų͵һ, ס쾪㵵, ǡ
ҡҡͷ, ȳŽǰ, ߴӶɨָŵϵȻ̾˿Ѿȥ
ǡ
ְ̧˰ü, 仹δȥơ
ūȥ졣
˳ȥתƳһͩ, ˫ִ, ԱߵȻһû˵
ͻȻ
ţ˽, ѾߣѾߵˡ
תͷ˶һۣȻѾߡ
ԣͿ˼æ嵽Ȼߣ޺С㣡С㣡Ѱ
Ȼ˶ʹۿ˾Ҫˡ
һʵĸ⾹˹ȥǿҪЩͻȥѾǺˡ
ĺæס죬ɲЦ
ѾһɣԺûĶĹһܺãô
¼˲æߴٵˣ
Ѿ߲سԼҹﲻҲö˱ǰԺߡ
ڶʱ徻٣ֻʣˣһͬͩסȥ
.
ȥŴ򿪡
ǡ
ߵ齱ϵͩڻԣͷϸ´ȡӣֻδͼܿЩ
ͣڰգΪԼʱ򣬾ͼͩĽëͻȻ˲
װģ
סɻ󣬹⸩ǰ˴գͼͩɪ¡
ˡ
¼Էǰ̽㣿
ûлػ
ھĵģֻж˵ĺ
Ӳǡ
ǻû
ǣȥӭˡ
˸ƣǳȥȥơ
ͩͶ˵Ľ̸һɣ͵͵ֻۣ˭ϻδΧײһ˫鶯ӡ
߹ϹŵóѵЦ⣬
ͩףʱ΢΢żֻ⡣
´սЩĶͷͼ͵ڽ䣬ֹסķΪ
±ľٶһɻôˣ
ͩδػ֪뵽ʲô˫ֱԴ̣Ϊʹࡣ
ǣһʱ䲻֪ξٴ롣
ͩɪţ˿ɢ˭ϸͼͫ͵ܵš
¼˲šüˡ
⾿ôһ£
ЩʱѲ˴ķӦַˣ
뵽ʲô
̾˿ʲˣ˼ôʱͩͻȻڴҵĿɫ԰ɫƲסĶ
¿һľӼٵĿֹ

ȰƼͩĴ˶Ҫ˵ʲô
ҡ
ʲôĽͩĻ壬û塣
ѶսЩͩﲻظż仰дżְ֮⣬ҪҪ
󡭡
.
ҩˡͷ˽
̧ۣĿԲİɨֽӹ롣
׽˽ˣ
ūˣҩԸū澰ģ˵񡣡

Խ˷ʹͷ΢š
ڴ齱ߣҨҩ˴ԼƵ˼
մлͩһֱЩŹֱ֣һ´㳹ױ˵ĲƲá
һ±ͩѻ̫õԹ£µһҲû̫⣬źĶºȴδ׷ߵʻҲѰɰˡ
ÿģҲ֪Щʲô
µ񣬽Խ׽͸ˣĲǽһ£Եɡ
ǰ£ֻǷЩǺ⣿
Ѳͩɽʱʲôˣźģ
ҩҪˡ
»񣬽ݸ˰ιɱ߶ҳȥһˡ
վ׷ʵҪȥģҪūţ
أȥȥͻء
ͩԶߵÿ죬һӾ͵˵طͩѾ߱˳һ㶣֮ϥ
ףҲ̧žڽ
ŽȥΪҪˣæȥˣδҪţ
һԼ£ɻǵýȥ㴩ļ
ΪԼˣȷʣҪ·

ɻ󣬲ʵū澼ǲˣմū澽ˡ
ɫ΢䣬ΪҪӣ
˼£մЩѪ˵˿ˮϴūֱˡ
սͬ˵Щʲô
ϴһ˯ˣûͬū˵ʲô
¼ǵͩҲǴ˼ͬԼΪƵ͸˵ģպͩδͬƵ·㴩ˣҲ⻻δԼǡɴͬɫ·ȻϴˣȻƵо뵽Щʲôû´ɽʱ˴ˡ
´űصԼס齱ֱͩ˭˸һ۾͵ס֣˫⣬ҴˡҴˡ
ıοûˡ
ɻкδ˵ˣ
ͩס֣ҡҡͷ
תͷһԵĺȥŹϡ
ǡŰͱ˳ȥŹصʵʵġ
ʲôҪ˵
ͩ˱ۣǰ¡
ɽʱڰ·ԭڽͷ½ѵĻ죬ǻϴˣƼģδеף˱˹ȥǻģ£Ϲصˡ
ļǵǻһһ˵Ļһ򰲷ؼǱϴС㣬οܴί
ºˣȥԺ̽ΧееԹޱˣװƽһȴа
ֻҲҲʹζֱ·ĵӺ˰ֱʶԼı㳹һ
ֻû뵽÷ǵûԼƽոΪС
˶գǵûңֱýԼϣˣ͵Ǽ£ͻȻͻˣ˵ףв֮ܺˡ

 45 

ûлӦ, ²Ƽϵ˽üҲɡ
״, ָ, 㣿
ۣͩ, ţõ, δ˵ƽױԩ, ĸѺԻͬ˵¡
һµϲ޹, , Ӳ, , Եĸ׷£㲻ȥ˵
ɡ
Ҫ˵תͷ, ϵ˵ȻģйڣҶȹ, ϴ, ǣˡ
ἰķӦ˵˵, 㵹δҴͬȹˡ
ͩܿߣֱ˿˻Ὣϴ˵ġ
ǿϧ͵񡣡
˵⣬ȴδȻἰǼȹʱͩԽ£ˣ˵ȹҪҶһ𴩲źÿ
ͩ͵̧ףϣˣ
ôˣ
ִͩ齱ߵֶ
Щ̼˵ɽĽ᲻ò⣬ͣ£ֱʵսɽʱǡʲô
ͩĿδ˱￿˿죬Ϊ˵£
ֱԵں£
˵к֮
ۣͩŭûУ
¼ˣ̧˳˳ıĪ£ͬ˵ɽϳǻˣǡǻʲôˣ
ͩۿᣬͣظûˣûˡ
.
ʲô
ϵĴɱ׹أĶ¶ֱ˫ֽճȭ׵Ĺǽÿ졣
ͩͬ˵ĻǶ϶壬ˡ
Ȼŭҧִִǻȥ
µǱŭ׳ɢֻʣһͷ
ͩסµҪ¡
˫ɺ죬ֻ֪ǿѹŭ¶˼պݱ˿ͷ
ѹ֣
ѹһǰö಻ʣޣ
ֻʱһ֪˻Σƫƫһ
ϸǰһȵǱԭģֻδر㱻ȥһ
һ͵ĶȴձҪ˻ȥһҴų˱ԭǱǽ׼ģԺ˼ľƱ
֮ǣҲԸô
˼ϵѾ˯Ȼۼˡ
˳ȥʰΣͩЪ˼ա
⼸СƽӣȴҲֻǶҲδӹ
¶Ѿأ
ǲæȥˣҪʲôԸұǡ
ͩ⿴ۣ̾㲻ˡ
δǷңԭȺͿ˴£Щ㡣
ϵȣЦֻǺþûͽദˣĪǽҷˣ
ͩˣҲٶԣȥˡ
ЪţȥƺѾͷȥˣЩʱ˻δ
ͩףȥɡ
ȥ˭ϻδԺӣͼͷҩЩײϡ
һҪȥģ
һȱԴˣǽȥҩôôã
죬Ǻί
ֶ˹룬䣬ƶʱˣͷˡ
Դίū澽ȥʱ¯Ӷռˣ˵ƫԺүˣҩֻȵˣˡ
׵һ٣ɻˣ˵Сүʲô֢״
˵ܺˣūҲ
ﲻʣȴҲ˵
룬洫һæҩ˽ȥ
ͩɵҵˣôôˣ
ûش
ͩ£æеôˣ
»ǰ£ҩɡ
ͩˣ뽫ҩȾȰ˱ȥЪŰɣҲǻ¡
Ҳġ
ͩЦµص٩ôѲѾ߱Ȳģ
ҿɲ˼
Ѿˣҷſġ
Ҳ֪ԼĹˣ⼸ս״̬˲٣Ӧ޴ˣʰĻȥˡ
źȷʵۣһݱ㵹ͷܹȥˣǵڶˡ
ڶߴߴ٣ЩϷ˵磬ͣúʰ
ƿʲôͣ
һԵİʹɫ˶һ۱һǰһҲֻڡ
֣˲ݣЩٹˣϷ˺١
ʰȥͩһ뵽ǰŵ˺ͷһȺŮ죬ߴߴ˵ͣ޷ЩʱεĻ²ֻͣͷǰѡ
ţ̧֣ͩͷƼһԵȻƵĿ˿ڡ
²Ϊ⣬ѺõЦЦ
ֻϧ˲飬
϶˱裬ΧһȺˣȺϾЩ޵Ļ˵Ȼݸ߹ЩȻϸŰͽᣬ˵ˣɸĻ̥Ǽѷ֣²Ⱥ˴򽻵Ȼ
Ȼʱ߹űӵϴ˶㣬֪ܷҺȱ裿
²֪ʲộ˫д˲мȴô˵ֻ˼ҪװҲֻϲǣ
Ȼ
裬˭һֻ˹㵹
Ŀᶨ֣Ȼδӣ͵㵹̵Ĳˮȹϡ
ѽôûסЩ
㣡ͩվȴ°סˣ˶ȹ۵ȥ
ȻüֻߣҪĵǡ
ôͲţܽùˮҲû̵ͷˡ
ͩһ˴ű۸һ˳ȥ
ֻͩ˸ţΪˣæȥһȥȡҩɲ̳ݡ
ۼֿסֻȹϣûš
ֻקסҪߵˣͿܹЩȥȥ
ۿԽԽԶҲֻȻȥ·Ͼ˵ûţϵʪһƬ
ߵϣƼǰżλӣûϸŶ˵ͷƫϿֻϧ˲㣬о˻ͷ
߹Ӵĸã
ͷæԴӲͷƤǰȥ˵磬Ű裬Ǹӵܣһֱ˵죬궼Ӱⲻô⻹ǵڶ棬ǰһҲǴҴһƳһˡ
°ͷ˳Ľø硣
ӦԭǲҵģǴĻСǸ
Сġ
ɨһۣôˣ
Ųµ뷨ºߴˡ
չͶ࣬ߣóײ˹͡
±ͲæӦǣͻȥ
ûٵֽ뿪ֻǻûߵͻȻôã
ȵȣ
ǡ
ƣ


 46 

ô⣿
һ, ڿջĵԭΪһ, ô
˵ƴ˷Ҫ, ø粻ôǣϣ
, Ȼûʲô˵ģҪֺߵ, , ӵãǰЩӴĸٵġ
´ͷ, Ƴ߽Щ
ʶ˶, ߴһЦ, ԭ, һᡣ
͸Ǻ⣬ֻ²£, ΢̧̧ף򶨵ӡ
Ͷ²ڵƫͷЦ
һԵⳡʵЩ, ǰʱѰЩŮ, ԭˣȺ˸¶ϲɫֻǲɢ, ΪŮ˲Ȥ⡭
ڶת˵õģĺã˶࿴ۡ
˴Ŀֱ˵ܾ˼ˣ³縣˸øλӻҪ̸Ҳڴˣиˡ
ߡ
õӦתߡ
ƼȥıӰüʵһƼ⴦ԼǺηӦ˭֪ӵ˿졣
֡ǰ˳ǰ£֣ȥǰɡ
ǰߣá
ʵ˵ֿǵΣ
ȻִӦҼ¡
ĵ˵޷
ۣСöԻͬ˵
ããǵʱ̸
.
»Ƽƣ£˿ݣȷʵĿֻǹ͸Żܶ࿴
Ǻøһģô
·Ųͼ͵͵ȥ
û뵽ڴ˴ģһһ価۵ס
Ҫ߳ȥʱͻȻתķּˡ
ֻûֱǰߡ
״Ƹɴߵϣסαر¡
²Ըˣи׼ʱƿǰߣû׷æӿ˲ǰȥ
û󴦱㱻һֻסˡ
һ飬ȴѲ̧Ųסĳѥ棬ء
δɣ죬ֻʹһ£ʵ棬±ߡ
ͬӣ޻˵
䣬ס³ʹŭӱʵģ
֪Լͻˣ֡
һۣʣǰȥݳϵ
п£⻰ͬһ˵һģһꡣ
һʱ䣬Щ㱣ǰαһֱִڴˣ
´δ
ͼŰ׾ҳһ
ֻϧʲôûС
һݳڼǿһֱ̽£Ǳȥļ񣬿ǰ˲ǰˡ
ÿž޴ĵ⡣
ΪΣ
ϸ룬һ
¶
кηӦͩͻȻӺ˹˾æ³ţ˫ŭǴӺδģȥ
Ʋšüǰͬ棬δζǴδͷһпԭôˣ
ɻ󣬳˹֣ˣ²ʾ仰ѡ
ͩԼóҡͷʲŰģֻǲ֪ôǰЩϤѵļ
ǰ͸뷨ϻ¼˹壬֪ɻӡ󣿡
Щģͩ£ȷ£˵ͷ֪Լˣϴζлˡ
Ŀ䵽ûǿ壬ͬԵ֪ܷ¿һ壿
ͩɣȴҲʵصѾˡ
ʲô͵˼֡
ͩɫ䣬ɵɪ£½ס֣ǰιӿˣҺͽ㻹Ҫȥĸף٣ڴ˾һ
Աϣͩߡ
ȵȡƽסǣʵţ
»ȻĶȻˡ
˫ֲԾսȭģ
ͣתǹӵĶǣ
ѲιҪѰ壿ѰΣٺõҲƴˡ
.
ãα˵
ͩʳĻ
ô
ͩһۣɵʵǡЩ
¿ܣǰ˼λ㲻طϣҲ˵İˡ
ͩüôйڣ
۾ĴתȦһЩ
ͩ̾˿ɵðһЩǷǣŲǺˡ
֪ˡ
ѰһȦûƫԺˡ
˵֣ƽ︮ҡƫƫصû˵ǰպ˵϶˺ɽ᲻СˣҲġ
ϻһ棬ǲ׼ġ
ջĿ⣬ʵȤӱպЩˮָ
⻭˭
ϵˮǸСˣϻһ
ϵĶסиӰһ䴽Ц㻭ġ
ͩû׷ȥһԵȴ˱˼
˵Ǿ͸̻ˡ
֪ȥǷǣˣΣ
ݲ룬ǰͻȻһţ˰
Ϸιȥˣ
ǷŻĸ˵Цģôһιȥˣ
ȥд򣡡
ȥͻȻ˽еϷ˲ˣ
ǰ߱µģֻվںͷһƼϴȺ˳ҡҡͷûˡ
úõϲһӱɥ硣
˵֮ǰ֪Ϊ˼ĸһ棬ͻȻ統ʵǽʼδ
Ȼû½ˣһʱû常ǲɢˣǰȰǽڰ
·ͻȻЩ׼ڳŲסϾǰʱմ˵Ϸ˵ӹѾˣΨȻֱſĸԿ޵
һۿţδ̫дһεˣùĳ棬οĸͬףİ
ͩȻˣԱ߾þòܻ
»عͷǰͷĵ˲ࡣ
㽩ֱıعͷǿһЦһ
Ŵ˾Ϊпʱֻܰοˡ
ţͻȻ֣ȥ

㽫ֵݸȰѰȥ߶
ǴûãӦǣĪҪ̫ģӡ
֪ˡףת߻ߡ


 47 

Ϸ˵ĺ°ܿ, Ժ󣬹ײͣɥ, , ҹء
˲ٵ, Щ´δݣÿؾ, ﶼᴫĿ
ع, ȴʼնδƫԺϻĸٳô, ֽ, ǻѾ, , Ϸ¶棿
иΪֵǣ⸮¶Դ˾޷Ӧ⼸æϷ˵ĺ, Ͼ˼£ֻ͵͵㣬ֻϧԴ˲޶ԣֻ˵϶ܺ߶
, ˽ɺǰȥ̽, Ҫ«ʲôҩ
ⰴշԸҩͷǵѾȥƫԺҲ֪ǵĻôϳԺ֮, Ӳͷ˵̽Ӱû
벻ķӣֻգȥ¡
ʱڽ̰֣ѧúܿ죬ڲԣȴ㲻
ͣȥæʵô죬鵽ʲôûУ
ҡͷŵһһʮ˵˱飬󲻽šüʸڱϣϵİһ
ҪԼȥһˣȻֱڣǾҪӡ
ĳһԵİͻȻ˳䡣
ͷôˣ
棬֡
¶ӣԴǲȥ
ü۵Сգ˫ڵ۶
𴽣⸱ģ̲סִ˴ԲЦҺܿͻȸȥǣЩòã
ΪɵԲۿ˵ԴǼ¹󣬰ͱñƽոԭ˵Ҳɶϡֽȴ
˵˵˺һӦˡ
ǰȥﻻѣ⻹ǵΪƽ͵Ѱġ
ˣʵҪһȥ
¶˶ӣȻҲȥᷭǽ𣿡
һ飬ǰǹ⽫˦ǽ£ûš
²ض룬ԼҹΪζƫԺģ̲ס˾䣬αҪȥǣ
˶٣ѵˡū澶һ죬ǵ²ùܡ
½ŲһͣѵգǰͷԼԼл
ƫԺ£ֻճ¡
һ˵ȴδйӴֱɸﱻųնȻ֮ʱԶԶһأʱ˶ǿáΨһԣֻʣ½ѡ
ûɵ£ֻһ˲㱻ڸˡ
أľæūȴСүȥˡ
²룬΢΢ףŲһȥ
.
ƫԺǴǰ̽һϹȻʹС磬ɲΪǲȥ
װռȥ䲻Ƶ˺棬ǽԫ֮£̧ɨһۣһͷ˽ȥ
رƼһˣݣ˱ڲϯϡ
¾죬ǰ˱һӴϯϾ𣬻عͷ
գ
¾ǰľʵ͸ˣ⸱ģ
չűػ㡣
Ųǰ˭ϲŸնһճ˻Ƶĺֹ
±һͣסţôˣ
ճĬ£ԳɵȾ˲ˡ
˵ʲôȥƣ
㡣պǳؽסͨ죬Ѿдƹˣ˻Ǵͬҽġ
´ŭĴںԣ
սȫڱ붯ŭǴԲ١
˶٣⼸ԺѾ˺üѾˣ֢״ͬ졣
һ𣬽ü⼸ôδ˵£
մβų͵͵˽⣬δš
ɨܣֻëȻΪڴˣ
ҪģҴ۱ˡ
дǺξģߣѰƣ
ռҪæ㵽һߣƴҡͷЩ߰ɣȾ˴˼
֪⣬ǰ취װ׺⡣
ˣţȥ˴
㲻ش£ҲǸ֮ˡ
ޣ˵Һܿǧס
㼱Ҵұܿ͵˳ȥ¸ڽ˶࣬˹
ۿ쵽ҽݣǰĵȴһ˸סˣǰ˶
ǹٸץˡ
ɻתͷʱϵˣλɩǰôˣôЩŲù
˲죬ﻹ֪ǰǿ鷢ߣ˲ˣܣⲻּţɱǴȥ
ߣ
뵽˵ƫԺ˲Ѿߣľֹæʣʱ£
üˣǰ涼˶ѣڲŲý˭Ⱦ˿ҲҪϳǵġ
ָǰ㿴Ǹ˾ǡ
˳ָĵطϾĲϯϱ˳ȥԼ˵İ
֪˶ʲô֢״
˵һȽܺȣֻԭȵҩȴЧһֱˣȫϷ礣ߡ
͵ؼǵһʱȷ˳ߣ˵òߵ֢״ͬȫߣ礶
ô˵ǳˡ
һǻǵⲡ˶ֻ·һۿе˾Ҫˣ֪λҽΣػ˲ͬķӣ˺óһʱ䣬Ž˼ȶȥ
ҲⳡߣƵȢġ
ڿΨһİ취ǾҵλҽһҲֻжţ֪ҽǸʲôģ
ֻǸɵţûˣ
һһǰߣĴɩס˵ôȰǿ˲ţ
һ£δţҪߵٱǰʱͻȻи˵ǰ
̧ۣƼһϤ˭ӹǰߡ
汬ߣ˲ˣ㲻óȥ
Ҫأ
̬ǿӲ˭С
²ֻƿΪӲҪⴳһץסŭ㲻Ҫˣ
Ҫ˦֣ŭ֣
һ֪Ǻˣ
棬үǰ桭
ŭϣ죡
Աߵð亹ѹԴŵϡ
װˣ
ЦȴװģˡŮ׾ûϳү
Ȼүش˵أŮ㲻үˣү֡
вס󣬽ץŲš
Ǵ˴ֻһˣضѿΧڶûĿŵĶʹС
˼֮ʱͻȻƳһˡ
һϮ˶Ӳ䵽˴ʱԶ£ȻǾˡ
ϸһܴϿһ˿á
ȣǻ˼̲סǴȥϵδɣľٶ߬ø
ֻһ˲ͻȻйϮһ֡
ϵ˲ʧæ㵽ĺͷ
Ȼûϵ˻ͻȻˣЩûվ˰벽
̧ۣǰйһ֮ԵʧأЩײ
Ŀ΢ݣ
΢Դ̨Ǻ⣿


 48 

δȵش, ±̽ͷݺһۣҧ˻
Ǵ, ·Ҫѿ, üʱ־͸÷ˡ
, ǰͻȻת˹
䵽׾ϣϸü, Ŀָӡ󴦡
ɫȻһ, ǰΣֱʶ, Ŵȡ˸ƿݸ, Ĩϡ
ȥ, Ź, 䴽ԹӦá
һԵƱӵĳףδµȭͷԾ˽, ҪԱȴͻȻ˸󺰵үˣزסˣȺҪˣ
еɿ, ǰһѳĽ, ɫҪ˭ң
ľֻĽϷ⡣
ȥ
ǰѹѹȺŽ, šüʵôôˣ
·ָǰΪ׵˵ǰǸձȥģ֪ͷ˵ʲôһȺΧ˹
δ߽Ϊ׵˺˾䣬ȻҪҲҳȥѰƣ˵׼һ·
ӦͣλֵԼǣǲܰװͷ
ǽȥ
ǰѾסˣ˳Ⱥɢ߳˽
ųһѴ˹ȥ
»δӦ۾㱻һֻסˣ˱ǶһϤĸ㡣
ۣϸ˳Ľëɨ˵ġ
һ²գգۡ
ϴЩƵۡ
²ҶǰƵ𣬡ȥˡ
ǡ
һ˼ľ룬߻ָǰֻʣһ̲Ѫû˵Ĳ״
ͷƼվԶʱ̵ģڵẦ¡
˼æͣס˽ţһӰ࣬ǰָŵһ̲Ѫ˭洳³һʹЩ
һʱӦΧڴ˴ɢЩͻȻ˵Ϊʲôǳȥ͢ڲˣѲǽд
ɨһۣ鲻ãּѸ£ĴѰΣǽǵ
ҽ̫ҽԺҽҲΪģǲˣ
üĺ˳һᣬ粵ɲδдˡ
ƲŽų߽˵Ϣ˲
Ĩ˰ѾҪŲסˣǲѰӣһСɶҪ@
˵ţ£ͨǰ˼ͷүȾȲĺӰɣв֪£ۿҪˡ
һˣδ½ǣһԵæˣۿ˾ҪߣͻȻ˳ϣš
˵һ̧ͣۿԼү
תƵ˵ϣ֣ȵȵȡ
ôзӣ
񲻹һԡ
ǰŹڵϵ˵ĺӱ
͵̧ͷ˶ﱧ˸ŮޣСͨ죬ܣﲻͣ
Ů֪ܰȥûҶ
˷ȣ⼸նк֢״
ԭֻǸȲˣȴŻ£ϻЩߡ
šüƳŮϵߣжʱһݡ
һԵʵֽʣ
Լү̧ۣԸȥ
ܿ죬ֽʣ£ֽд˼ζҩģҽݣ
ûٿƣشһи
ӵݵϣȥŴ˷ץҩ
Ƴȥ
һգʧȺС
ƳһۣȻ޶˾ǰЩϤ
δϱŮ޵˵ҩգÿΣպȼɵѰҡ
̧ͷм㣬лȣ
бһۣ˷ֻȣֻ滺գȲˡ
ķӻЩʱա
˵ţȥȡҩĵ˻ӹݸ
л
Ƽ£ǰסʵǴ򣿡
ףʵص
κô˼
֣ްգһ԰ˡ
ƿۣʵƹһ£Ȼ轫κãһζЩȻƣǴŲ򵥣֮ˣ˷йˡ
֪գ

Ագüʵܷ汾ȥһˣǶвҪΡ
ɣ³ֹ
תͷƳһԵ£⡣
ǰվԡ
ƵĿڶת²˵Ĺϵ
ǵͷһʱ˱һģŹϵУءš
ƶۣﲻصֳ
һ㶣ĵؿһۣʲôֳ
Ҫ粵㶸Ȼȥ
ǻ˸²⣬ֱֵӦǰȥ¾һ˾аյӦҽԭκãƵҽš
˼ˣֻøŵҲȥ
ͣסվ㲻ȥ
ΪΣ
£ӶãתͷƵȥ׼Щδʱ
ƿһۣͷӦʡ
˻һȥͷҲصĸȥ
˵ıӰнԶۿţеֲԾսЩ
.
¸ȥ׷ΪҲȥ
ʵﲻǴȥֻƽ鷳
ˣĹĵǰߣҲֻװϾ˿ɲ
͵ͣסŻֻڵһЦеǲǵң
ǰģЦ⡣
սΪҪҵ۾
һղŵľٶʶ֮ΪͻˣĪ֡
еĻشЩŭ뵽ǰ棬ֵӿɻǵϴεңɸûˡ
֪ˣӣΪεĴȡң˭̧ףͻȻǰŽôǡ
һ㶣ͷ򴽡
ͷܶһס
¶ڵغˣˣһӲľٶѹ̧ͷ
ĿͷϣأЦ
ͷ
󵨣ȴԴҶ⸩ӣս
´ҴһףǼĽӴҲ֮٣죬ֻĴ٣δļȵıϢͷϣߵֻܺˣֱǽϡ
ҧҧ԰ԼôսЩȡ


 49 

ȵϢ˳, ʶ¸ɬĴ
תת飬۾ס, ķֻƼӲĲ, ϵ
֪ǲˣ˵ǰҲвԽ֮, һȴǲִ֪Ĵ
͵ңӦǲյİɡ
ǰС, ҡͷ̾˿, ֪֪Լľٶζʲô
Ե˼˿һ, Ŀķ, , ۿҪϸķ˿ʱȴ͵ͣס, ԥ£ջ֣ȥɡ
±һ˼, ʲԼľٶġ
ǷҪȥԣǴҽ, ȥ˷ƽ鷳
ǻǱͻȻϲóͷ, ִȥ
ģ벽ԶΪҪ, קסã
˶٣ˮӳӰһȥ𣿡
϶ȻһһۿֻԼֺ֣קʱָ΢ţ޵ġ
δ̧ȵĻ
浱˾ӣ
δƳ˼ֻ߶ϢЩ
סδɣ𷽲ŵࡣ
ٳδΪԸʱɥճĿģĵص߲Ᵽһýջ˲֢״ƣ֪ҲȾˣδδʱܷȥƣ
˻һֻ͵üɨһۣʵ⼸տкβʣ
°һΪԼˣң
ǡ
ǲ⣬ȴʵصûУҺء
ǰ˵ӯӯģͷ΢ۣܿҵ˼
ʱ
ߴӹ֢״ʵǱҪЩʱҪ߶
ûеĹ֮⣬䴽ǣ˳֪ˣһԼúõġ
Լڴ⣬·ɣȥ
¼δ֣߿˿Ц߰ɡ
˲ŶУܣ߶ʴսԼס
ľٶɫ˱䣬ɵҲû鿪Լ֡
´ڲסеȸԾ
.
һ·Ÿνڣû·ǺЩ˵
ܹĽ˴ŴȥȲ˵ƫԺδ¶ףԴ¶棬͹Լƽ޹ʴظˣƫƫӣ˭
ƫԺ²⣬񶼲ǽҴʱ
Եܲţձš
˼ˣ͵͵Ƶ˺ţǵԼԭƼǽи
ںŸѰ˺һҵǸڣǿһȥ
¿ߵˣĿӦÿǿӶȥ
ֻʵţܿ
ѣ֪οڡ
̧׿ǰǽ˼ţֻһˣǿԷǽԣߵǽԺǽ߳࣬ο⻹ŸˣõķӱǴӶȥ
¶ɫл˵ȴֳٳٲڣʵô
ʵ벻ķӣһָҪȥ
֪ƣĿ˳ֿȥͣڶڴüȷ
²֪κֻͣӲͷƤΪѵ˵ǰ߶˶࣬˴ǽȥֻһ·
ŬȰ˵ģû˻ῴġ
ע޵Ц⡣
¼˶Լæ֣ұ֤˵
˼ᶨɫЦ¡
δԼЦһʱʶ˾䣬Цʲô
ץˡ
ͷӦס֫Ծ𣬲˾ʹǽԺڡ
ʱ
վɴ۲ŵ㣡㣡Ṧ򣿣
û𾪣΢΢ףʱҸ̹һЩ
ǰװģ
šü֪˵
˵δǰ¶֣ȴҲ޿ֻһֱ϶ᣬ㲻ἰҲЩ򣬲Ž֮ء
һҩЩ£ȵˣǻŷϰ֮ˣΪôǻṦˡ
Ȼʱ㿪ʼϰ䣬ڼֲ
ֲ׾ٵĽ˽´󾪣Ҳ˵˵㲻ᣡ
ЩʿĹ򲻹㲻ϣЩ򵥵Ĺ򡣡
ĿݣͷһԲĹ֮ϣգۣԺпտɷһ
Ӧá
ӦʣʲŴȥƫԺǰ߶ţԭȥĵطû˫Ө۶
ǰߵԺǽת䵽ϣĲǿǰһԾԺ
ԺпտģѰȦȴδƼյӰǰ⽻ߣ
ôһ˾ûˡ
֣ȥģ
ѲȥЪˣɣ˽Ųߡ
ﴫһе߶סһסǰ߶ˡ
ͣסתͷ
꣬ס죬Сѣ˹ˡ
ԺĽŲĿ֮ز޲֮˵ʲôסһԾɵݶϡ
һأɿ֣ԵŶð
ƼɲˣɵЦ
գҳ
ߴĺһ»ȥԺˡ

ʢˣ˸ޣࡣ
ǽȥҰϳ
ߵӣ˴İ˳еʶ壬ڵִ
¼ӣǸҾͲӻӶޣֲͣ
üһšȴסˣҡͷȵȡ

¶ӣûɵİ࣬ǵǣȴûٶǽŵµĶ
ź϶㾹ҳҲڶ֣ҿǻˣ
һ˦˹ȥֻǲ֪ͻȻôˣһδ䵽ϣֱ֡
У˭
³ͶȥĿ⣬ӵģ
õ𰸵¿ʱۡ
ĴѰȦûƼԵˣǰŭļϵıӣָյ澣ҶʹֶΣ
ۿҪȥ̲סˣҲδݶţ
һ㶣̧ۿŵݶ˹ƵĻͷյţ󾪵ôģ


 50 

, Ųߵձϣеô
սŴ, ߳ٺ, Ų漴ҡҡͷ
¼ް, ǰһѳϵĳޣ, ĸͣ״, ﲻȥȴڴ˴С㡣˵⣬һ, ƽ, ĵ
﷢, ǰﲻ, ֻҧıģ, 檲ڹܽˡ
ü£ӷģŶ᣿
۵׵ɫ϶˷纮, 檲ǽտЩ, ˽¶϶֡
֣
»ɨգͷģɵһ, 帮ϾѾ߶벻ˣõȥźˣ
һºЦݺһ飬ŵȻ˵ó϶֣֤ݺڣտƾĿݡ
䵽ϣ˵ȥ϶ϾͶ˼ߣʱֻˣº֣϶㣿
ߣ
ƫͷʶ㱵գƿԼϵ䣬¶һ
һѪԭӦ׵Ҳ̶ã½üָ˵
ƹȥ䵽Ϻɫ͵һ䣬ǣ
¶죬ǲ֪һ£ǰͬ˵Ļдɣ׷㲻֪ʲô
δȻǱǰľ󾪵ˡ
üšģװģװģǳ˻ѣ
תͷһ̧ۣӣ˫ģк֮ûҪƭԼɣ
˼ˣƫͷ⳯˵Ժ˲Ѿߣܸ֪£
һӱɫɷɫҡ
ǿװ򶨣ԣԺһ糣޶ˣ
²᲻ص˵˾䡣
˻һزı仯ʱͣ࣬ߵҿԹأҪġ
һ𣬶û˵
ü䴽޺ĳһЦΪ֮Ҿȴˡ
ﻹ·ŵĻУֱ߳ԺţŷӦֻûˣͻȻߴһԵȥȥ϶ɲ£

¼ղ鸡ȥһ߽ԾܵԶԶģͷ
һǰһţͻȻڣﲻ֪ЩѾȾ˲ΪԼʧִġ
½Ųһ٣ģ
ոҲͣ£϶ЩܲãźѾ£ӴˣҵѾ߱Ǳˡ
˵⻰ʱ侲ûһ˿ų
һϣ϶Ĳ
ϵɫ䣬ԭȵȷǷ纮񡭡
û˵ȥȴ˼
ɻǣ˵϶⺢ӽЩɵ׵ܵܣƫҪأ
ǲ͸뷨մͷԵնлȣΪ㲻Ҫٹң֮ǣ
¶ΣҪΣ;˸ֻʱ˼ƻݶʱͽһȥڸţѰ˴ҳ˸
ģˡ
֪Ĺǣĸȥǣ㲻˵Բʡ
͵̧ףﷺˮ⡣
ͷһأ´￴Ҫȥ
ع˵˾䣬߰ɡ
ûӦһҲûͷ֪ջ
.
ٽ⣬¼ſ
ǽ棬յһȥǣ͵͵ȥͷš
ǰ߶Ļأ
³գۣЦ˵˽Ӧȳȥǡ
˵꣬վͼߵ˻ǰҲ֪ͬصĻ˵ʲô˾ȻѴŴˡ
񣬾Ƽ´һ̽ͷգգۣҲٶ룬ǽ߳ûӻ˳ȥ
һ£ֱԭҰ׵ɫ򼤶ǰЩ
ŬƽŲ˵ǽȥ˭ϸһ߽ͼ㱻һǽϱ
󾪣ɫЩ
¼ˣΪȸЩæս
ֻǻûǰվͼס£ѵ̫
һͼԹͣס˽ţࡣ
ɣ
¿һһģæԱ߶˵ã֢״ƣ
ԣʲ˳Ŀ⿴ȥǰԾִٵŮݣű°˰ͷ˵ã˭һۣᵱǸѾߡ
תۣ߶ֱԼˣ˴Σλһȥһˡ
ȥסأֺǺӦǿ߰ɡ
ոڶﲻͣĬʲôû
.
˺ܿ쵽סżһ㶣Ҿӣ
𴽽ǳЦ£ͼͷ߳һˡ
ܴ
ôҲˣ
ҽƼľԲƣʱܴ
ô⣿
ܴšüô˻񣬡ʦֽѰˣȻ⡣
Ѱˣ
ۿ˼²⡣
ѵǻϵŮӣ
һԭ֪ȴ֪ζģСʦò֪һˡ
򴽣ü¶һ˿Ц⣬Ѱţ
ܴڶ˼䵨սľģð˲ٺ̧ۣؿԼӡ
ɨһۣ
ŵԽѣҲ˳ȥ
»ͷֵܴλơ
ܴĹҲ̧ͷܴۡ
һ˲ܿۿһߣ²Ĳ˵ͷʾȥ
˵¶˽ɷϵܴҽȷ
ŲҪȥ㱻סˡ
ŤͷƼһֻ֣ƿҡ
һ㶣漴Ӧ˵ʲôأôҪֻȥ
ٳδջֻ֣ôȡƿݸ
ɡ
⣬ӦһɱĴͻȻϮϡ
´ۿĢ́࣬ۿˡ
űϣϵĶᡣ
ۿһȣӡ
ۣ
ºҲۣûС
ü΢šĨĵط˴
Ŷ˲ʱı⸱˲ۣȷԼûΪ𾪣һʱҲҲǡ


 51 

˼֮, ̧ϱ˱ܡ
⾰ʵѼ̲ס̽ӳ͵Ƴ, , ͻȻһ˫ۡ
±ţһתƼվ˸, ⴦ʶ֡
ֻһ̫, ϸ, ˻һ۵ס
̧, ˳Ŀ⿴, бǴˡ
, 䲻ԼӵĿ, һ
ΪҽߣƽͶɶȻһ, Щ
ۿԱߣɫҰ׵£һ̵ĳ˲亹
ɲһ, Ӷġ
ԼŵľٶȻ˾
ˡ
¿Ǻ˺, ˳ʣô
񣬼Լֲȥϵĺ, ֧ǡ
ɨһۣϵ
ŵ˽ȥСؽ̷ŵϡ
̹𻨸⣬Щؿһۣ䴽ЦЦ
ŸˣæһҲ
˷Ӧü︹̣ôˣ
Լӵһ¡
ʲôû
ջߣĴƿݵǰмδͿԼɡ
¿ǰĴƿûӶǽ˹ȥ¶һ󣬳գգۣס
²Ŀ⣬ԾۣܿתԶЩ
ź뿪ıӰ̧̧°ͣʵǣ
治ɫҪҪ졣
Ŷջǰ˵֡
һͷ˰׵ϸٳδְ̧˰򬡣
ʱ¶ϸƳĴ࣬һֱδĨҩʲľٶ
¼šüΪвʣУôˣ
¡
̧֣۶˫ӯӣ˽벻
ΣûǰĴƿȡ൹ָϡ
˻ȥָڼϱģʹ
Ŵ˿ĨҩˣЦˡ
һܼԼ˵ģÿضԼҩüضҪ˵ʲôȴʲôδ˵
δ˶ƶû˵ʲô
ţ̾˾䣬á
ţ
һá
ҡҡͷ
ٳδõӦ̧۴˾еĳغϣһ٣ͣϵĶ
һ˲ջ֡
ˡ
˶û˷Żĸо䴽һЦлˡ
ƿϺõݸÿͿΣĪҪˡ
¹ԹӦָմƿͷһС

͵
ţһھƼ˵ڰԵܴۣӲ
תۿһԵգڽ﷢ȻҲǱŵˡ
ɫһݣֻ߽ھܴһʯϲֻڣϲϸһͷܴϵ˿ңȻġ
ѹų⸱ģ
½šüʣ
ܴȻûҡҡͷ
½ڰ£һƳһֽ˸
ԭ⡣
ţתƼ˽ӭȥķڵݸ㿴Ϯ
ֽӹڣָʶĦڱа͹С
ۣƼһ֡
ֻЩģֱ治Ǻ֡
¼ŷڣʵʲô
üͷǺȻ뵽ʲôû˳ȥ
²²͸ʲôȥ㿴ܾĶˣ˸ȥͷ
첽իӼȡչλŮӣ
Żڹ£Ƽи֡
ࡣ
ڣȶԺģĿ֡
Ȼû´
ϵԭȼֻû⣬ƼϿ֣һ뵽
ͻ֮˾кϵδкǣ
սסڣӥ⣬Եɲ⡣
ӡ
˼Ƽǰֵ ӿ£
˰üģ¡
ɼˣ
򴽣ʵһֱţδ
˹ܽ˶δ
Ƴһۣϵķڵݹȥȥ顣
һԶˡ
̧ȥٵſͷϵĻеŮ㣬ü۵ĸ߷ơ
ţʲջߡ
.
վڽ䣬¼ǰο¡
ҡҡͷû¡
¼״̬пɣһߵܴǰֹȥȷ¡
ˣܴ۾һյȥԴĵǣƵһ
ι
æȥ𣬶յȥˡ
ճһ̺æ˳ȥյſڱӭ
ɫϵ£æ˽ȥ
˵˲ºŵ͵һɡ
һ̧ۼæιȥˣ
ǰ̽̽ͻȻƳѪڵΣôˣ
°ȥϵѪҵģĵͷ
ֹѪ

һƬܴԴʹҪըڲӿֳһİĻ棬϶ġ
ܴ˫ֱԴţʱʱʹġ
ǾŹȣ
ҡͷӦʲô
ûĻҪʣֻܴһۡ
ãôˣ
¿ѯʣʧˣ
㲻ǵˣ
ܴûӦתƼſڵգ뵽ԼΣŤͷµˣÿˣ֢״ߵһ¡
һ㶣Ϊɻĳۡ
ǽںȫ˰ɣ
ܴһֱԼʵֲϿʲô
²֪˵ʲôԽӲҡҡͷ
ûС
Ƕʲô
ʱڣʲô𣿡
ܴһ㶣ԴȻʹһ㣬ǰֻаããһƬ
ûС
ˣ֪ʲʲô
Ъš
.
¸ͷ𷽲ŷ£̲סʣǻ߳ȥǲ鵽ʲô
δȥˡ
˸˫ۣ²ǣС
ǻȥΪյ£ŵõĲÿһɺҩ㲻صġ
ûӦ̧죬ʱˣȥˡ
˳Ŀ⿴˿ɫՕi֮ʱšüǻȥ
ˣҴҪȥȡЩʱ
ĪĻţڣò˶ദ߶ȴڴ˴һȥȡٽͻظΣ
۾һ뵢ִҪͣƾܣȻǼãȥء
Ӧ£˼ֻ⣬ãеģǶ˿ԳЩ
ģ𷽲źŶĹ𻨸⣬ﶸȻ˸²⣬ѲרΪģ
ʶһ̧ﾡϲɫ
е񣬼˫Ź⣬סҪĳ嶯ˡ


 52 

ߵ˸Ѱ, ԣ˵ġ
ȷݺ, Ըߡ
˺ܿ쵽ڱصĹؿ, ԱЩʱ࣬ǻʵ۵õȺӲϢ֡
һȦ, Ƽƴӳŵķ˻δ߽, ˡ
µˡ
´, ĪϤٴӿü, Ϊ¡
, ̧ͬɨ, ǰǵʥϲǰѰصֵ, Դжţû뵽ŸѸ»ʵ۱һ¡
˼ֵδ, ʴ˳Щʱ
ĥϤ֮дӺζûг
ԣƫͷ˸ֽ첽, нϢ
̧׼һ, ɺ϶ʸƿԵүſ˺ü
ƻֽ, šüȥˡ
ȥ졣
ߺŤͷ汾ȥһ
δȡŴĶȵȣϡ
ƴۿȥõǸҩңӹᣬŵɢһŨҩζ
ţּӶ˿鲼ϣס˿ڱǡ
ͬݸһ飬ûӣ¶ɫҲҪ󣿡
һۣͷǻ֮ˣܹЩ
šüٰ㲻ԸĽӹϣüЩ
һߣƸǰ
ԱߵҲҪȥֹˣȥЩˡ
һ뿴ƣָͣŸձļ̫ҽԸǸϣڴš
صǡ
.
һǰһȥߵ·ϵǵزˣ̧ۿȥЩ˵ϽԵĴߣ־壬ѡ
˶·м֢״΢ˣǺعǰͣؿͷȾǣǲ
̫ҽԺļⳡ棬˱ܡ
Ӷ߿űߵˣŭʱһԵҲؾţǴ˷ǰҪѰΡ
ǼԹ˱ϣʣλ֪ⲡǴļҴģ
ӵи𣬡ӣ
˸ŸͣԣַǿǱˣ
ںδ
иԸµⲻԶҴȥ
ףˡ
̫ҽԺԭ
ʼնšüɢϢ
Щһ·ϴҳ˹ȥҴ뿪ˡ
ƿòľţδڣһɶ
űǣȴŵŨҵȳζǿ̲ʣʵҪʲô
⸱ģ˸ҩҹȥڱǰɡ
£ŵĳζҩݵζֱǺüˣ㻺Щɫ
̧˽иˣû´ĻӦþ˵ӡ
ģѾ˶ʱˣɢŸζ
ƸҪŽȥͻȻعͷߵһߵĿݾԡ
Ŀͣھߵʪϣһɶ̱ǵӿüγذס
ذײ࣬ۼǼֻĸʬ
ýųζЩ˳
ۣüȴ治ɫֳ⡣
˻̧۴ɨ߰ɣ˵زɶ
ɲ鵽ʲô
ˮж
һݣǿзӽ⣿
ҡͷת̤˳ȥ
ƸȥƳŵǸʣơ
졣
͵ˣ첽׷ϣͻȻ˵˾䣺ʶԶ󽫾
ʣȴƶ
Ųһ٣򴽣ס
عͷɫ΢˭²һ񣬺ʶԶ
ڵϣĿƣ⵶ʴӺζ
ۣü΢ɲ£˽ҲҪ֪ү
ۣеǸ
дڻʹļУԶ󽫾һ棬ʱѵʡ
ϲҪϧͷֹˡ
Ū
ɫɬ۵ףֱǰ˲С
Ѱ֮ЩüĿ£¡
˸̥ȴδ¶ֺ
ֱ߻ԭ̫ҽ棬˲û¡
ٵſڣȥ֮ǰֵӵˡ
Ƹ˽Ӫ
Ѱ⣬ֽд˸ӽƣԵүĿ
ƽ·ӿۣףֻõݸں̫ҽкο
̫ҽӹҩ˻࿴һۣ귽ϵҩĺԲ
Ƽ˻ǳȥɻбĽ
±ʣⷽÿȥҩɣмÿؽ軻ϵ
ͷ˼żĹžʣǾеĶ֪ʲô
ŴвжϣǺζȻзӽ⡣
ŶҪ졣
ҾȻ¼£иˡ
ףĿԶǰİԸȥ˳Ǻ

תۼʧˣ˼ϵǰѵǶǰڹģֻһϴ
.
û߼˸ţ˼ȦṦ˵ã˺ЩŽ˦Żס
¼æӭ˹ȥǳЦ⣬ˡ
Σ
Ŵҡͷ̫̾
̧ͷ̾Ϣǧġ
һۣüۼǳڵϲþɢ֪ǵԼοԻСġ
˵ţͷɫԵʱѲˡǰ˵Ҫȥģ
һӱתע⣬ĳɢȥڽϴ˴գ֣иӡ
߰ɡ
.
ģɫҪƽЩ
սԶźһȼգѤõϼкȾƣɫϼ͸񷡣
˵ϡƽ߶ǲ˵
۱ϵˣʣ㲻ȥȡʲô
˳峯Լ׸͵档
գգۣ²¡
ΪѵѲ¡
䴽üۼϲ죺ϻǰǸɻǵã
֪˵ĸǸӼΪƣǵá
˶٣˫ʣϲ
Һϲ¿ָӿһ˵ҵһֻơ
Ծü˼ָˡһۣдŵί֮⣬ϧŪˡ
ۿ˿Ϧĺϼ·һԣ޶ˡ
իֻδȻӿ˸Ƶͷһ˲ͷѹȥ
»δ壬ΣԼǣ

Ǽӣˣ̽ĻӦ
Ƭ̺߳˸ˣϻڵѾߡ
λȡ
ѵǵã䴽
ڴ˵һȥȡ
Ӧһۣ߰һԵһǴƿǰ񣬡ڿʲô
Ťͷ䵽ϣ˾䣬ʶӣ
ҡͷʵص㲻ϣֻһ档
δɵô
һ½һûšüܷȥ
°˵ţѾǰСؽţͷް覴á
ºǻϲȡǮȥлӣЩǮ
Ѿ߲ӣǷǷӣﲻˣ޲ֻƾԵȡġ
ﲻҪΪū澡
¼˱֣תת飬˼˵Ļ񣬳ѾߵȻǮܷҵ泯л
Ѿ߹ʵڱǸӲʣ˼ˡ
ָָߵˣǴÿơ
Ѿ߿еľܾδ˵¼Ӧ˵ˣߺУԲȾϴ˼ǽ˿Ϊá
ɣ˼Ƭ̺ūȥ£λٵһ@
°֣
Ѿ˽ȥƿݵľţϵĸ˵ӣȡλҪһ棬ߴ˸Ӳ㣬˵Ҫƣ
˱ۣ鷳Լҽ˿
Ѿߵõ֮еĴ𰸣ǿص˵ͷū뿪
šϵĸͻȻۣ⣬ǽɡ
ǡ
Ѿ߽Ժսȥűƿˣ˳˸ˣȳȣһһյš
ѵֱż̧ۣɾڼһ˲·ӾҵĲݵᡣ
ɻʱǸ˳
ӡ                        
һ´ž
ƿ
ʮˣȻ¹
ϵֻܰҹд

 53 

ӣ
һ, תۿ
δȫԭ, ڵĽü΢š, ֱֱǰͷĸˡ
ߣۼ˫ȭ߬, ǽס
ĸۿᣬ˫ƲסĶ, ſ, ֹ
Σڶǰ, ߲, ţ̡
͵̧ͷȥ, ֻǸȦٿһ, ʵɷūˡ
ɫ΢ݣԵҲһĪҪٳΪӡ
һ, ϧǰؾ̽ϢȴԭĽѻˣھӸһ١
ƫͷ, ܿĿ, Ӳʣк֢״
类̧ԱŲŲ, ̾ɼˡ
ϣǼʱ˵ģ
ŴɫһѾ֣ȹȥ
Ѿ߻ǰתͷһߵ£һɡ
΢һֱŶ˵ĶԻ
ӣ
ԭΪԼ˽ģɵֻһ˳ףҲӲ֪Եݡ
þδжפͷһۣ
̧ӣƳһԵʱв˼֮С
˿߹¿һۣʶ˲
ԲˣŲһ٣ôˣ
»æܿߣ˾º첽ߵߡ
üͷıӰãֱŸ˹ȥ
£Ѿ߶㣬յƸˣűаʵɻ⣿
̧Ͷߣ˼䣬⣬Ǽá
ջۣ˵˾䣬ֻ
ˣҪлˡ
ҡͷЦЦ𵱳ʱδ޲ϾʵҪЩͷ黨ʵ죬ƴϣŷǷֻ
Ѱϵãʴ˲Ӧ޲Ϊ˼ӵһ档
ֻϧǰλ
ģﾹʶЩӣһֱڰѰδ
飬ض޺ˡ
˼ϣյ˿ڲ裬ζشĹ
˵Ŀµϣٸвâڱ
лҪ˵ɰڴˣֻĳţţԵʱղˣһڵȣȻλʶҪɣұ㲻ڴ߶ˡ
ȵȡ
˵ȥ
ˣǷˣǡ
Աϣ˶Ҵˡ
Ҫ׷ȴʯϵĲյĽ̵ȲֱõȲ
̣ţü
ֻ̧ۣɫ޳Ȼүصǣūû֪
˵Զˣ籷ԸߵѾߣλ
ǡ

籲˲ϵˮգѾͷūʱģֲǹ
ϵıǣɣүʲô
üͷʳһֱǣ﾿ȥ˺δΪβ°Ϣ
ûϻش𣬶Լֵ˱ˮ۴˴˿ڲ裬ϸϸƷ
ûߣĵذϿıյϾЩˣοʱ
ɫ⾲ĵģһ˿
ۣβſ˿ڣ꽫սϢմؾĽ°˷ˡ

ǡ֪⣬͵Ƿԭļҡ
˱֮ŮΪ֮ر˹֮ǰףż޸˽
ɫŴ
籽ǰͷĻ˵ū˱°ߺ͵͵ȥϧū澼ˣͱǽ췢ˡ
ϵıӵۣת˸Ȧ
ۣϣϵūȴɱģ˵֪ºΪū飬ŵԱס
˵⣬ְ̧˰ȣϧȷǷˡ
ȭÿ
米Ĭ£¹úˡ
һ٣̧
ǣū֪ǽµľｵ㱻˹
ñӵһɣкιϵ
籺˿ڲ裬ԭ÷δǰ⡣
˼޸ûԵ˼ʴ¹󣬷һֱƻߡ
ֻʱū澲źŷˣҲȫϣǵﲻ˷˷ۣ˼ȴÿضץ˻ȥƣȴùҪЮƵ÷Эˡ
˻ȥϧʡ
ۣɫ΢ÿĻǺģ
һ㶣ʵĻ񣿡
ףš
Ǻ˲Ӻ˾裬˱дһݸеı֣ϧűˣūһμԷ˶ŭЩˣǺ˵ӱüҩҲϺȣֱɿӦÿ˸һſҽΡ
ϣסģ
ȭͷ۵ɺһƬ޳ָĸ¸졣
ɣȴΨû㡣
𣬱ἰ׵ֻ֪Լδ׼ҵݣڿ
ģ
籷±յ̾˿˼ɽᣬûŹ궬

ʱɫȫ͸Զĺеƻʹüۣסϵ
ˣ
ǰūѰ㣬ֻūĲ¹ֻôͨ˸ǰ̽̽Ϣ֪Ѳڸڣūܴ˹Ů
빫ܴ㣬ūɰѰ㣬Щūԣܴڹ̣ܽ淴֮ģһ֮ˡ
ūٺùѰ˳ЩūһֱѰҲ֪
΢죬֮ģ˴ж׷棬Ϊǿܴ
ǡ
籱˼һЩ㱣ʲô
ȷԼǷˣ˵ǣ
ףԭݳʧ䣬ǱһȻصģҸ֪ݣ㽫ˡ
米һʧˣ
ţԺе̣ӦǴӸߴˤӡ
һæʣǱĿɶã
á
˿ǾͺãǾͺá
ͶȥлҪ˵ʵ̿Ҫȥ
米ɣվ˺һųүܷūƬ̡


 54 

¼, βѾЩûϣһߴһﷸֹ, š
ûЩ, Ҵ߻ס
һڣ˳ؽ, 㡣
¼ģչգ, Ⱦ˰, ǻظȥ
ףǰߵԶĵط
ƫͷ˿, ȷûٽ, ɵһ˻ģ
½Ųһ, ᲻صӦ
ɻ, ̽˾䣬λͽһȥĹӡ
бϵ߰ɡ
ռɫ, æٶʣȥ
.
ߵȥǸѾߣѾ߼˺һ㶣ſ첽˹
ŹǰŲ, , λأ
аѾֹصλȥɸ, ū澼ȥˡ
ɸ죬ۿһԵ
վﲨ֪¡
д˵ĹϵүѲСˣǸȢˡǹų£ү䣬ֻү˹¶ǹΪɸС㣬ء
̡
˼ҡͷ̾˿߰ɡ
ǰסȥģ
Źȵֽ˽ܴˡ
ǰܴŴɫһ֪һֱѰˣôüĿӸˡ
£ȴһɫ
ζӳ£ŲɷЩӡ
ߵò죬ŻȻǼȻĲߵ˻ǵˡ
һԺ籱Ųǵظںͷ
ţžͿˣܴ˳
ɫѾǰҰ׵ģͷϣɺЩˣ
ܴԴöˡ
ʦȥˣ
ۣȥ˸ˡ
ܴ̽˾䣬Ҳʶ
ʶ
˵ţ籴˽
ţһɫӡ
Σſڻ˾䣬ܴ
̧ܴۿȥ˺һ˭
һ٣Źȵ΢ΡΡǰŲһ
ܴƳһۣڶʹԴʦ֣ЩˣȻˡ
˵̧꣬ԱߵȥھʱŲ¡
Щȴû
ߺߵԣο̿ڴסһ˾²ˣմӺЩ𡣡
ףѰܴǼãαǿЩԵġ
˰˺Ժܴü
Ȱٺ˺󣬺ҲˣҾӣ̽Ϣ֮
Ȼͬ˵ǷµһֻǶȥȥ
̯ϣŻеŮӣ·Ŀӡ
.
˸·ѣԴմƫԺ㲻ȥˣѰӽհ
ʱͩŰˡ
˼ȻظϢҴҸġ
ͩһŰһŵƣѾ߶δš
Ժڣʱᣬӳӷˡ
½ӹĵƣ֪ڵǣ͵µˡ
ͩһۣ߶£ɫҲܹҪˣɵʱŵ
´㲻صǣⲻǺúûˡôѾأ
ͩ¿ۣƼվ˸ˣվǺ˺£ȥСôˣ
¼ʧɫģæʣôˣ
ͩɫһ䣬㻹֪ƫԺ£ͷߴ˸ڣ϶Ⱦ˲˽ȫǡ
δ˵꣬۾ǱɨۣŰˣֹҪЩ
˳һߵգûȥܲܽڲˡ
ټɸңûȥ
ﲻȫˡ
ͩȥµŮݣǴۣС㡣ŮҲѾߺЩ⸱ģͩŲġ
Ǹˡ
ͩ̾˿ŤͷĿƵضԼĸвʵΣ
Цпƣܷȥסϼգ
ͩ죬ӣ
ŬŬ죬ס
棿
Ϊ˵Ц
αˣ常ܲӶס
½һԣҲȾ˼±֪
ʲô
»δ˵꣬Ϻקͩȥ
ͩۿ˴󵨣Ǻô죡
ܲܰװ׽
˰
´Źô˵ҲѪףҼȻܼܲȡ
ͩ΢ɫƣ㽫ڴ˴ܻˣʱǺϵ˿ô죿
ҽճΪ˴£Ȼзκ
ͩҪֻգҲʯĳ֮ˡ
֣ŰϽʰ
ЦӦȴȥڴ˴Ϊ
ͩ˵ԴҲ֪
Զͷ䱳ӰЦ
Ǿþδ˹û˵Ļֻ»Ϊסţæ㲻ΪҷģֻҸϯɣƫԺи񷿣û˻ȥǡ
»ͷվԼԶǰȥǣҰĴڴ˴
ҡףˣףѾΪˣҲܺ㡣
䴽ЦҲס⡣
̧ۣﾡǵ֮ɫǶ㣿
Ŵ㲻ˣȥסͺá
кˮ⣬˲ֻۣΪ
۾űǱˡ
ȥʰ¡̧˽ȥ֪뵽ʲô̽Դһۡ
̧ӣʣ㻹к£
ҡףȥˡ
ãʰ꣬ǰպһʳҩ㰲ĴţЩӱܺˣʱҴȥݳơ
֪˻ǿοģڵѾһһǰ֪ա
˵ˣǹԹӦã¡
.
գɫŸ籾ѺܴǰˣŹ߶
ڱȰӻЪЪɣܴػδ
籰ڰ֣ȥЪظҡ
ȰֻͻȻƿˡ
һͷܴ˳ۣƿߡ
籸źͷҪ̤żʱܴ
ܴ͵ͣסţվͷؿһۣû
Щվסţȥز׽Թޡ
ǵգԼġ
һʱŲǰܴﲻԡ
ܴĻ̧ȥ
Ҫȥ׷κȽŲ㾹ֱӵȥ
ӵġ
ܴŲһ٣ȴͷҲصˡ
Ҵææߵͷѡҩģʴ˷Ż˹ȥʦֿʲôҪҰæģ
ûС
ܴڱϲֵ㶼ˣ
仰ȴп϶ˡ
ͷΪβ
ܴԣͣĶ
Σ˿ڣү


 55 

֪ҹͼ, Ӧ˵ײԴļ㿪ʼ, ֻʱ, һʱûѹ
籣Դʹ, ǰ֡
ļ˵Ǹп޵, Сû˵, Զֻѷǰͷ
ԭȲЩ˲Ʊ, ºͺ͵, á
ɺս, ŷʧ, ڵɢ˴룬Ҳ֪١
ڸЩԭͬｻõѾ߿, ȥ㳹ײˡ
أ򲡶ȥˡ
Ǻ, ҽ˿, 䲻ǰȴҲȡ
ԭΪһֱȥȴͻȻһѰ˵
ԥ, ȷǸȥˡ
ԼҪֲѰɵͷΪĻǹ
.
籱æҪȥˤòᣬûˡ
˽˱׷ȥһǰݡ
ܴ˵Ż˽ɫȻ
˷ߵǰ£߹ȥôˣ
űֵ¡
޽Ƿףűǰࡣתۿһ߳ĬԵܴ̿Ҫӡ
ףүصū
ԱϣŹȴҪİŲܴϡ
ܴƲţܴϲﶼãˣֻ뿴㡣
˲ٶתųȥ
.
ȶųʱɫѾȫ۵Ĺ͸֦Ҷ£̧ۿȥһܴȴŻ˲ӵ
ӭȥ᷽ŵ£ڳѰһֶвǺ̿ƣ
ҽֱ治ǺζȻϣܿһǼá
ŴףƣǰԺ
վסλ£صذ׷ϡ
ذ׵Ĳȥմڵϵ¶ʳɫ
ɢʪȴδ飬籴Ƭ̣ʵǴӺδģ
ߡ
籽šüǰūڹֶ˶ˮζ󣬾ö֮˳ɫˮ֮˻ᷢȲֹȫߣǽӴˣᴫˡ
һ⻼֮˲֢ͬ˶зӽ⣿
ҡף¶ɫδἰ˶ɡ
̿Ǳż
籣ţżϾɣ˺öҳЩģ壬үҪ
š
ǰ޴֣Ȼ֪Ƿ纮֢֮Ȼԭȵķӡ

ϻسһֱڸڣŰĸʬڱ߶ˡ
Щӣÿ춼ǰҩ
յӵһձһպˣû̫죬Ͼһ˼Ǳκˡ
δĹֻԵ½Ʋ֡
Щȥͷһȥ˺ţ㶼˰ǰȥӦҩԸȥԼ̲סϢŶˡ
ʢ磬ͷգſӣϻһжʮûˡ
˵ԼΪζƽյɣǳȥʸ
ϸֽûʸЩһ֪ҲʲڣԸἰֺαѿ
ѹ˵ãΪ޴Уš
ˡ
ͷʲ𽫾
ƤԽԽЩδã٣¾ϮԺ˯˹ȥ
֦Ҷʢ֦Ѿڣʱһů紵ҷɡ
ֱѹɬ˶ӡ
߼ͣסŲٶԶ
ǰ˯֪μʲô죬ЦЦ
ãٶǰ˼ͣǰ
һǱ˽ЩæŷżѰƽⶾķӣ鲻
ÿÿɺ̽ȴ
Ҵ뿪ΪһʱˣȴûҪһֱ
ǰ˯Ůɫޣ˫һһϵţ촽ˡ
̧֣ȵָѹĴϣĨȥǵˮ
͵ڽŲĴĳʱѹ⣬Ž¶˺󣬴֮ձס
£Ȳˡ
ŴﹾţսС
һۼ䲢δ۶߽£Ķͷһǡ
Ŀƣ̰Ů㣬Ƹ촽
һ̣ۡ
Լһ˼ɼ˻󣬷ڴˣ
¶˶ӣǰ뿪Ĵ˲ۣǰͦΡ
糣ɫ˿ûбĻ⣬ֻǶ졣ǰ߶һֱۣѵؿ
һˣ˰벽ָ˵һ仰
ãǲŷӦ˺£סô⣡
߽ˣЩײĴƿ
˵㣡
סĴˡ
˿ҧ֪ҽ
׺ݵģЦסһʱʧ
˽ǽǣʵΪΣҪң
Ŵտڲԡ
ͷĿضã㡭
ԭʵĻںиǽϣ۵Ҳ㣬߰ɡ
۵ױŷȵ棬ⷬʴʶԣѹȥסŵ촽زһǴŨϢʣµĻɵ
һ۽֫ѲãϢ̵Ϣ
·ΣƮƮʹϾţҪˤȥ
һǰգɫ糺죬峺ˮŴԲۿ
Ĵлڣְ̧˰üģʲŷӦԼ˺εȻ֮¡
۶˫ӣȡѱõݵǰ
ǰϾӨͨ͸
һֱǸ
һƳ׿ң
򴽣һ
ûӣֱΪң
Լ񡣡
ü»δҼǵӣղô񡣡
еĽ֮ɫװ֣ˣǱȵȰɡ
¼һѶ˹ȥͳĶյĵ
ֻǶ˲ЦЦ
СӴﱧױϻóǸǰ޲һϣԭֻ񣬿ɷһʱֲ͡
ȥͬԣ򴽵ĸõġ
ͷã


 56 

ٿؾ, ֻ̧֨ѽһ졣
¶, ŷ˹𻨸, 㡭
һ飬δȫæ, ױϻӭ˹ȥ
ͩһת۾ƼԼԼǰЩûסĵ, Ƕˣ
¿ȥסı, ȥԡ
ͩԣƫͷ￴ȴһӵס, ɵôˣ
½ӹĵ, ק, , Ƶûš
ۣͩȵͨ죬̧Ÿ˳ȥ
ֻǲ֪, űƽն˼֮ɫ
.
պ±ûټǺŻǰҩ´е֪æ鲻
ûϸǺ, Ӧͬһйء
ߵֹסЩ, ǰȥһأϵ˲٣ۿҪȬˡƫԺֹ, մ϶ҲȾ˼տ޿ģмҹ亿ʵڿɲ
Ƴ»ȣ֫ҡ˿бϻ˯
ͩһȥ˵ȥˣԺֻͺˡ
ȡҩæʲôȥˣôøҩôãʴȿɲǽ͵еġ
Ƥ̧ۿȥ
ߣ֧֧˵ҡ
ϴתԴµض
ﱻ÷ͷ
ƳߣȤԺѾҪ˱ˡ
Ⱑ֮⡣
ǰǱ£Ȥūˡ
ü䣬۳ݸһЦ
ЦţԺͻȻ˸ѾߣߵĴ
ߵôæ󼱵ȥǰ
.
²ԣȴҲǸŴæ˹ȥʱŷڵ˶ˣղĴүҲˡ
ƺ⡣
±ۣܿƼ֣ͩ߹ȥô
³ԣֻǰߵ̫Ƶʥּ˽ԹѹѹųһƬ
ΧһĴ͸磬ȵ÷衣
̫ʥּû˼ֻģŻԼ˾䣬ɥڣ顣
ԴͣſЩּȥɵ˰Ҳ常ٶ
̫ߴ٣ϲ£˿ּɡ
üֻ⶯ӣǰСؽӹʥּ
״ȡǮ̣ۿһԵֶŮü
¶ٵһƫͷһɫӵͩ
ľĳ˲亹ߵл¡
Ҳ뵽ʥֵּԼŮͷϣǺεʿţһ̼֣¶մɸţܼȥ
ֽʥּбۿżֱġ
Ҳ֪ΪҪʥʥּŮ̼֮ҲɵֶŮ䡣

ʥּĹߺ˷׷
ٻҪҪ죬˾رҴ뿪ˡ
ݣһԵϼ֣ʥּͻ飬٣ɩһɫ
ҡͷδ
ϿһԵ£һ˲ţδȢף¶ȥ˵Ҳͷһ
ǿЦЦߵ±ϣ̾¶㡭
Щ£һģгЩ
ĸ˼ʥּǸ͵Ļ飿
ŰЩһˣлͬ˵
ӦߺһԵȻ߹Ƴһۡ
ԣ㱻˹ȥ
Ѷǻϴͻ飬ʲôɣܽȻ¡
Ȼһ죬ȴҲԵľٶۺˡ
˽ɢͻȻһЦضүϲ
תͷȥǴ磬Ϸʵؿ
߹ɨһۣЦܵʥͻ飬úø
һݣԭգ˱һģ˵Цˡ
ɲ˵Ц
²ǷǷӣﻹڵҹȥ¶㲻ڴˡ
̧̧°ͣζصߡ
.
Դתȥ˵ᡣ
հٰ˯£˳
ˣֻ¶
߹ȥأ
֣
¸ɨһۣպö˵ļϵһ죬ȴ¾ʥϴͻ顣
ǺεǺѰصģҲǻ֮ӣҲ¶ΣƫԼǲġ
ڣʥּɶˣ
ף̾˿ﱾö˼壬ֻϣ˳˳ģʥּ£ʥΪպȥǧĪҪʹӣݬ룬㡭
˵ţ£¿ȥУϵģТδҪϸһزܼȥŮкЩء˵׼Ըˣ˻ջʥּ
ͷɵӣʥ׸ĵģ
.

ſڵˣԵ˴ǹĵط
̧Ϸңȥͨһ˵ɸҪү
ɫһ䣬ǰʥּ˵ǲúүӭȢɵֶŮ̧ͷ͵˼ֻۣñݡ
󿴣ȴûѾţ˼Ƭֵ̺ڴȺ½ȥͨһ
üӦá
˽ȥŲ¶֮һԵ̲סϿ
磬նͷϴñȣͨ졣
尾ţǸ˳Աߵүйȥ
̧̧°ͣԵ·ɡ
һǰһ˽ȥ¼ʱվڳرι㡣
ժñǰǷŮү
ǰûתСӹʳȥеĺȿֺιʳóˮӿ
ˣ˰ʳұк£
¿żɽүյʥּ
ƿĺãĶֺ˹ʯʱߣɡ
˹ذںòյΪĴͻһ£
¿һۣҾСŮӲ̼֮΢䲻үүջس
ƵˮյǰŶɱЩδؾǰҲһ
˵ˣͣ£̧ۿοʥּǱȥġ
ʥּģ
šüȭˣǻʵҲΪ̻֮Ůͻ飬ɸ֮ϻиȻֵ
뵽⣬ģŮү񰮡
˼ض𡣡
һݣ̧۶
Ů
»˵ִϣҪ죬±ذɡ
תһߵԸȥ
ǡ
ʱûϵּͻ飬⸱ģȻ˵ͨˣֻԭȶǰ̬ȣҪȢǽδ̫Щ
򴽣ҾŮˡ
ȥ
˼ֹסţͷҪҡ
ѣͣԭֻӷ
֣°ɡ
˻ȥ̧ӣɫ޲
кĿģ
ߣȥıӰüĽγһ֣ɢϢ


 57 

ү, 
ִֽ±ī
ǡ
鷿, Ҿ, ү
δ̧ףձպī, ǰҪķӣ
˲Ʒ±̧۹ȥ, Ե£
ǰ߽, ֵүס
Ŷ˵
ۣƳµֽ, үѰˡ
⻰δ˵ȫ, Ŵʵһ, űʸ, üźۼ¡
Щȷ˰̽䣬أǰǴӺζ֪
, ڣԵϢͨ
ӭ̽Ŀ⣬˽г
¸
͵ɫصؿ, ֪䣿
һ, ָ໥ĦţĿⲻƣ
תתϵָ, бʲô
Ȼбɫүʱȥɡ
ƽü̴ֳϳٳδµֽ䰴壬īγһš
Ҫ
治ɫ̬ȹǫǡ
۴ͼƳ˷Ŀġ
Ȼ¶үһ
ȭԲ٣˷빬ȷ׮£ܽѰȷǸĽס
ֻչиʹã̫ǰָӴ£ϯӴ
ʱҪʲô
šü㣿
ͣϣȡʣǰүɻǵô
ƶеĵʣֵֻλڲġ
ƶƬ̣ƺ˼ⷬ١
ã˻ȥʱţʱԻ
ˣиˡ
ߺֽۺ÷͵ϵȼֽϵֱּɻҽ
ǰ˷ּؾڿջϮҶ¸ȣŽ
֮⣬֪Ϊ˱ϴŽؾȴ˳ǵʥϣ׻֡
֮⣬ǰһ±ֹ⵳ͨѹ©Զоݺս֮ϡսܺƹ߱λ֪µѱϾɱǹٷ磬Ϊ͢á
յֽϱȺ˵䣬ͷѰ˴룬֮رҪҵ¸ֻǻҲû̽Ϣ
.
ʱԼȥһ·е˹⡣
ƽ빬ڣ˽֣лүһ
ȥıӰۣ˸ȥ
һ·ʹĵطǰմ̽˽õ̫ӡ
Χ߶Ϣһ˹ȥʱ컹δϺڣ̫ţҶڼʯ
ɫ԰ŴӺ˳ûԶ˸ˡ
ߵò죬ûפͣĴȻϲ·
ֹ
˹΢˸̧ۿȥãд޴롣
һ˶ܡ

ǾϻŮӣΣȴһضûһ
ʱȻҲһ洽˼
俴˺Ų֣ʵʣıߣ
򴽣̲
Ů̾˿Ҫǻھͺˡ
֣
ɫ˼ԣǰ
Ůգˮӻؿֵ˵㴽Ȼţ˵
΢٣ֻһŲҴ⴦һ˲ǰʧˡ
£ôܵˣū澿ҵˣū澻ȥɣڵ
û۾ѰӰ
Ѿ˳ĿĴۣɵ˭
Ůҡͷ߰ɡ
.
ڸսŮϣŮ鶯ӿһۣ̫
Ůĳ正伫磬̫ǰҲ档
ݼϡ
ʵ۴ӵеǰ񣬡̫°ɡ
˵룬ʵִϵḺ̌յԵλԶͶ٣޾λһ
˷׷лʵϣǰ輿˿衣
ϵľյԽŮ歰׾ϡ
˿ھƣӶδơ
һԵүĴĳ£ҲĹŻϯ
˳Ƶ߿ȥǴȤŮѧֿˣ
үβȻָ
ƻߣָĦűյ˵Цˡ
үЦƱһ
Ʋָۣմ˾ˮڱػ˸Ȧ˼
һˡ

ɢȥİ֣үֻڹת²δк١
ֲԾս˱յ˷Ѿ˼ֻڹתںδ
ʵ԰Ȧˡ
ڼûȥԵĵط
ǡ˼£·ӴʹͬһŮӽ̸˼䡣
˭
ҹɫ谵Զδ˵ŲǹڵѾߡ
Ƴһۣ˵ʲô
ҡף¡
ֻΪŮӣ

ү
ȥֻһ߹
˵ǰ̽ʵˣ
𣬲үձҪǸ@
šüȻ
߰ɡ
ԱϱתߵԣϣƼҲֻ
һ·У˳ǺҹɫѾȫ͸żǺ˸貶Ŀ
ʱͣˣƿͷ˵ˡ
ɨĴδд䣬ֻԶּЩ
۱ϵСˣ򴽵оףүһǰȥ
һԥԸԲ߶ȥ
˴֣Զһиƾɵľݡ߹ȥߵľţʱͷųǸˡ
ƿȥǸڼʱδ¶֮ɫȻʶ
ĸ˶İ̲סۣȷûջ߳ӽҳģ
ףڣ
ڣڣͽ
˽ȥŲ߿ɫ̩Ȼκ
ӽΪ£ǰ㼱Ҵ
˻شˣλǡ
治ɫ򴽵
һ٣Ťͷֵү
Ƽɫһϲǰؾڿջ㱾ŵԻ
Ȼ򣬿һ䣬֮Ͱˣүӿ
Ȼ
һ廰عͷƹ֣ɵүҹǰΪ£
ҲԵ̸ͬ
ʶֿһۣһҶȲŵԻүˣ֪ǺĿġ
Ƭ̣δзӦүªү¡
һ̤˽ȥǰͷֵ¡
ûŽȥ˵ط¡
˽ڣſŵĸӭ˱ˮȥ
ӹյǰľųĬ
ң´裬ƣȷª
ۣ¸
Ŵ̧ۿֵүϴˣ񡭡
ƴ㲻ؼŷϣԶо㣬ɶһ٣˵Ŀɶԣ
£үлֱ˵ǣǰһºἰ
վ֣صΪıǴ£֪ɷﱾ
¸δӻƼٳٲšüԸ
۹֣Ѳ꣬үѰΪá
ƱƽʵԶ𣿡
˻˵Ŀϣ񲢲ǺʱʵѲƵ꣬£ҵģ
̬ȼ¸ҾүǼ
ǲãȴӦպѰ㡣
ƺ˳һۣתˡ
ûȥ˷˲ǳף˴ˣܡ
ߺ̧˽ȥԵӡ
ɳƣ˵˼κþˣû̸£
ͬ˵Ļһһʮؽ˸Ӿô¸Σ
ָ䣬ҵȵȣֻѱǡ
ǡ
Żſһ£

 58 

½˸, ۿһƽϢϢ˵ݵׯӳ, ձҪ̻ȥˡ
´ͻһ»δ, ԰£Ǿʹ뿪, ɾѰˡ
ͩƳߣ⼸ҹ, ȥĶ, ʲô¡
±ŵ÷ˣԺ, ˭ͩҵһֱȰ, ˽, ͩͷ, Ϊεͬ˵¡
˵ʲô
ͩ˹֣ͬ, 
صŽţֱ˵ǣõ
ͩҿ, ¶ɫ, ²š
Ŷ
º棬ִűֻôغͩһקס, ѵڵﲻڣǱȥҪˡ
ϵĳҪ˵
Ȼǣһȥͩһ˵һߡ
ֻ߻ȥͩɢڵѾߣշš
²ԣһģɵҪ˵ʲô
ָͩڰûţ⼸ڳͻһ£

֮еĻشͩ̾㲻Ը
۵͸һ˿񣬡Ȼ
ͩ΢ţûͣˣȥ
ʲô
һ˼ؿۡ
̧ͩº͵ﾡǼᶨ֮ɫظȻòԸұ޸
˵Цǿ۾֮
ͩҡף֣أҶ˳ü׽֮˶ϲܷ壬οزʶϲġ
šüʥּģٿ㲻֪˸Σȥգ
ѡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôϵĪҪ£ԻѰӽ
ͩһ㶣ɫһйֵˣҺͿˡ
Աϣתҡ
·һ˻Σ䵽ǰ³˵һƫǰǺνһԼۏ˻ˮ
ο˲棬ʱ⡣
̾˿ųȥߵԺǿôϡ
˾Ǽֲˣ⼸չܻϳ˼߶š
ʳ»ˡ
˽ȥɡ
ûļʵﲻ
ýȳԱǡ
⿴˿ϵʳֻĻ˽ȥ
˸һߣꡱ֦ѾѵֱϮڣ¾æһԵ֦סڰС
⣡
Ӧ亹ֱðק֦ɲţϧϵѾľۣĿԼزԶˤȥӦҲ޴󰭡
Աֻۣͷ׹
еʹδУǵ˸ĻУֻƼֵľ漴ŭҪѰ
͵ۣ˺˳Ůү֪үʲô
δ𣬷һ䣺ڴ˴ʲô
Ӹ뿪Ʊ˶֪оЩľٶ;˵ر˭֪ײⷬ
Ƿү
ĬϣѰҲԸ޸
֪ˣүŹŮ
ƱƽһץסǣԱѾ߼Ҵ߳
½⡣
һǵ˳һʳ߳ӣԺȴѲϵӰ뵽ǵΪǳ¡
û°ɣ
ۣʧ᷽ŵ£ЦҶˡ

Գƺ±㲻ȥֻشڣͷвУ߹ȥ֧ӣȻȷתһ˽ڡ
ڻ谵һʱû˭кȴ¶˰Ų

̽߹ȥӰ̽ӣڹ

ôˣ鶼æˣ
ȥӭŮʱ̧ͷŹâ
æˡҴȥط
ȥģ
δһ·˸ã¸ۿȥĵط𽥻Ҫð
߹ǰˡ
ſڴԵҪұ㣿
һ䴽ð
ϻɽװԼἰǵġ
ܵ˼Ϣ㣬Ҫ޸
¸ӴսЦ֪£
ŮϵڱУһʵʥּӦ˲֪
ԣͬҵأ
͵ַֹſˡ
´ŲƵǰ̧һ飬㣬Ҳͬҵصģ
ţɫǡ
Ҫ
˻˵أȴÿֶۣ̯ЦʥΥ
ͻȻĽɫһ¡
δŲӣգ۵ν
һ˵ľ룬δ𣬶ǣϵȥ
ΰסܸܵĵȡ
һѴͣ£´ۣ˵¡ΧһЩҲƱĵطӲݴ
ǣ


ۣ߬ϸ۵֣Եѧ֮ʱ֪٣Ѱ֮δ㵱˴˴
ἰ£ϴδ˵Ļ
ˣ²ȫţָ̧˸ı˿ڣˡ
²ۿֶϵҶһߣͬ
ԭãʲ֪侭ʵڸӡ
ѹһʱѱ͸ģ˵Щ½ˣϸз֮±ȫһȥ

ûɽ϶»صϣȥɡ
Դɽϻ±㷢һֱüǣûԣ߳һ˻
ۻô
߹ȥδ䷴Ӧڽָü䣬丧ƽ壬Цźá
һִڶ֣Цá
չգҲ䴽ҵ㡣
.
ȥʱڵ⼸Ϊ˺ܴദҲˡ
ڼܴ̬תͬ
Ź߹æүˡ
û
籣Գˣ˵үȥһˡ
Ųһ٣Ϊ£
˵˭ƣǺż߶ܴȥˡ
ûд꣬һ

 59 

վ
Ȳֹ, һĪչʵһҽʶ, ȥ, ˲ڸϣµԽʦô˹ȥ
ܴݼ㱻վԺ, ˿齱˰ű˵ֻȾ˷纮, շÿշҩɡ
ǰմӹҽҲ˵, 歶ѣֵȥͰɡ
ܴҾ, ȥ
ϵ͵ؿ, ˮ
һԵѾ˽æ϶ˮ, ӹϵŮ, ιˮ
ڣֱ˯˹ȥ
תƳһԻδ뿪ܴ, ָָ
ܴһŲ߹ȥ
ʱ֪ںˣʴ棬ֱϳ, ԭֻǱվ, תһ
յ֮ʱŵǰź, ̫ã￴֡
ۣһʼ̫Ӳδֵ˸Ůֱдɷ̫ˣ˳ְ˺ÿҲҪͬ˵ϼ仰
ҲܲЩȤ£Ƕʱյǹúܺá
ûã̫²֪˰УѰ˿գĪҪ롣
ûǰһ̫ӼڣӱˣȢ׵ϢѹԼݣԴ˶ԶԶġ
ҲãٺΪ˹ڲˣ㳹ҪӳһΨһ˱ǹ
ףŹЩʱԼҲǸŮȱˡ
ˣӵԶԶģȴ׷Ѱм̫ӵˡ
Ҳϡ棬ΪҸŮ
ܴͷӣͷʱѣ
ܴϵˣԵˣδʳҪЩࡣ
̧֣ԸһߵѾߣȥš
Ѿ˳ȥ˳߽㣬̧ͷ
ܴĵһƬ΢ͷ£ǡ
δ˵꣬ǰֳɴ˫峺ܴ
ܴ֪㲻Ҿ̫ӡ
ȿȿȡϵͻȻδƣ˻֡
ϵعͷе歶
歾ֽף
ҩȥȺҩ
歱˱죬üš
˲Żá
ܴͻȻԣʲŷ齱߻վ˸ˣںͷֵס˴ӡ
ƫͷƼ۾һܴ㣡ڴˣ
ܴǷ
Ͼϲɫ̽ס֣ܴ㣬Щʱع⡣ָǺίҽл㣬ȴ̽Ϣ
ܴһԭǹҪѰġ
򴽣ūǰˤӣǲ·
Цһȥ
ܴ΢㶣̧׿һԵū澡
歿ĳɣô
ū澵ļҡ
歴ʧؾ˾죬ջקС֡
Ƭ̣ܴסںδҿɲȥƣ
ʱ߹ס
ܴƬ̣ԵȹӺЩū澴ȥ

գ死Ҫȥ
½ʵ̸ǰܲסһֱձҪȥȥѰܴ
ܴϢ˴վ˻ȥ
һڣ籱ΡΡ˹
歼ڴ˲ͷܴǰڹʱܴͬĸŮֻ˲ᣬû¡
ϸ֮ǰΪľܴ㡣
ͷһЦƹùá
ο飬˰ۣӦš
ܴδ歽Ժ
߳ײϣһͣסţǰӲɣⲻԭڻʹ
һ٣Ťͷֳܴܴ
̧ܴۿǰߵˣҡ׻صǡ
ֻ֪һ²֪οڡ
籸˹ɣǹѪףֳ
šüƹùúͿˣ
̾˿ǰףһֱûѰͬ˵үǸ˵ˡ
ɻŷĻ
תת飬˼˻˼һŵš
Źµأзţɲơ
˵ĿóŵĻϣٳٲ
ͬ𿪺Ի֪һС
ԥβ̶ȥ
ƽֽһݣ̧ۿԶӡ
ۣչƵֽϷּġ
歶ﲻˡ
ûؽˣŲסҪȥѰˡ
㿴ʱӦǳˣҲ֪˭ӣϧ￴ˡ
ҪǵãںδҪǵǸսĴ󽫾
ԣȴ㣬Ҳˡ
㻹иֳҲ㣬ǷҲ֪ôˡ

һһеضȥÿȴö
ˣ
æ˺ϵֽ

͵ضס䣬ƴҡͷҪ˵ˣ
ţ
ʴôãԵ
һڲġ

歱۶ȥԽǲԸȥеĻԽ
˼˵õһȫǼٵġ
ʣ֣Ǽٵģ

ŶǰСǰҪȴ˹ȥ
̾˿ܴ˳ȥ
˽ְΣ死̧ϸڹоϳң
̧۸ǣһͼ㡣
ȹǴλҪ磿
ף
歲ӣӳԼӰӡ
Լֳ
䲻ߣֻöԴ鷿ϻӷ£ȡʮžᣬһһǰ̯Щ㡣
洽ʮֲ죬ЩӺζ
ÿձ
ѿڶʣ
һ٣ž̶ڵӽ
.
صվѾ˵Դ㲻ˣŶù˽еʣýȥ˺δ
δӦǰָĶͷϣ̡
ӿвʣ
һֳȥɡ
ôߣ
ԣͷϵıӱýģûǿ
歶ţһ̻
˵ձתҪߣһֻСקסֿɷټߣ
ô
˸֧һ䡣
ͷⷬģ֪ѣǱ歶ԣٵա
.
úܿ죬ȴһҲδվȥǵգȴҲδ˵ʲô
ǰ֣ٵȵȺòã
歱ķ飬Եȥܴ㣿ټһֻȥ
ΣջЭӦʣȥܴס
ܴҩĻ˺һ㶣
ƹ￴ܴ㡣
ܴŵһҪˣ
ǣҪȥˡĴۣǸ
ܴ⣬Եȥˡ
ʧشͷеĿıνֳ
˺Щӣ˵˹Ҫֻȥ
ǰͬ˵仰
ֻ£ûˡ
ߴܴƿԵ߰ɡ
̫ӵ¡¡
歲Ըͷܴ֣µһ̣Ƽһ˴ӵ˹
Ѷ֪ЩʱԼѽлɡ
ۿҪתˣƿ̽ͷ硣                        
ҡ
ûд
Ҳflag

 60 

ʦ֡
ʦܴ֡˺ü, ǰʼղӡ
߹ȥŽнԶ, Сʦ, , ѾԶˡ
ջ, תӡ
鷿, ϵľһһڻϻС
ִ, īֽ֭ϱŮģ
ӡ
ʸڱ, ̧׿, Σ
ϥ, ɫѾץˡ
ϻУ߹ȥںδ
´ӹȥ
.

ӱҩʯ, á
ǰֳȥ֣ۿţüµҩ
ҡף¼ʱѾҩ
֪
Էһº±ʱ, ж, ˹˵ţֳ̧죬¶, ͷͼϵĻһ¡
ľһ˽һ
ӡʱӦ֪мˡ
ǰ汻˶ס˿͸ͣסţ̧ˣ̫ӡ
˯ȥԭʱʱ㶣˵һ歶ֳʴ֮
ڹͼδɱ歶֪ˡ
߽ӣ
һݣǰΧߵһŽ
ſӿߣ
Цʱ֪߸λ֣ĸǾһ֮⡣
̧̧򦣬δӣ֪ˣ
һ٣̶ʾԵ˶֡
˱ڱΧסü۱ɨܣ˪
һ˼ִϮȥżὣ˻ȥ
߼תҪѣԾʯϡ
δӦֻٿ£է𣬶ʱ˵ء
Сģ
ȻӭһתϮϡ
˲䵹صˣһ̧˹
׼ɲЩˣ̧ʾ⣬Ժеһӿ롣
еĳ·Ա˶Ťͷ¶ɫӣȥˡ
վںƽǱɱ⡣
ȻĻɫôǱ㿴ûˣ
ϣ

תὣֱһţбۣ˳漴һԾߵҲϵȥͷ­ʱѪĽ
һƳһԵĺűΧסԵЩ߶ϮȥۿҪһ͵Ϯӳ̵˻ڵء
񣬳û˷ڶȥһڼ䣬˿ӡ
δȴ֮ʱĿڶʹ³һѪ
ж
һݣ֪˵ز˾򲻵ɱˣᶾ
żԼѪʱҪϿ뿪
Ѱƿ֮ʱǰһ׹ٵʱе֣
.
ʱû뵽Լһơ
ۣ߹ѵˣ
ү
ƾӸµؿʱܵˣѹּ㡣
Դͣһˣ϶ҩʦ֣
Ӧӹһ
ܴۣʦҪú񡣡
ȥӲ֪ˣȥɡ
ܴӦ˳ȥ̧ۿүΪ£
ǴۣʵԶĶӣ
Ļδ̫죬˴ȥ¸ס֪ˡ
һΣ
δϣʱæ
˻
¸㸸׵㣬һܳ£պƽơ
ӣү˼Ҫ췴
δ𣬷Ӧ֪ԶǱݺ㣬潫𣿡
ƹ̴ϣ̩񰲣á
ҧǺػ
ߣԵүʲһ£Ҳǰﲻá
ֹסţ£
˴ͻʥּ
ʲô

ʲô
ʰһ٣ȵʥϴͣ˵ּ
ǳּǻˡ
С˽֪ͣǴͻʥּˣɽ޸
ˣ
СܻҶηūֻģⲻʥ⡣
ǮˣС˼ܵǮһϲǰƣպܼˡ
ûУתݡ
ͩڴǰԵ㶼ˣ
ͩףϲ޹òü޸үˡ
һҡ
ͩ߹ЦЦòģԭȱ˵üȥʥҶ˵ĻŴ˿͡
ɡ
ͩÿЩʰɣڵˡ

үԶˡ
ھ̴ϵսףɱ֮
ߵһھʿǰոλ⸴ǰǱң̱Ҫ빬ߣڷ뿪׷
ڽص׷ү
ףʿһսؽʤ
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