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 1 

֪ҵһȴ֡
ҶֿһСӣСȣյس¼ҵһ԰ȥֻϡ
ǼҸհᵽݲã⼸춼æŹʲ·ӣԱϲãߵļѾӶ߰æˡ
ߵϺ˫̥ߵϾ˵ԶھǵĸΪģҶ˶ܷġ
ȻҶκδĸ۹ʾɣûôʱǺܷСġ
˺ܿ԰ĹǰҶͣ½ŲܿһȦתͷŸϣСָŲԶͤӣԼȥһȥ𣿡
Ҿſһ棬Сװͳˣܿܿġգźڰ׷ԲۣСеŴϾµٺͷ۰׵СٺĵҲ̲סٶͬ
οҶͨ⼸ദԸЩˣ˵ίûʲô
ȻܾĸԼСĿ°԰һô࣬СϵҲֻг˵İƴСǼϵ仨װӦҲӣԼҵԺӸհĵһҲˣʲôΣգԥԥͬˡ
ûԼҶ˳ƬɫĺŷɵС
ŸհҲþôȲҪһҲʵֻΪ棬Ϊ˽ҵ㡣
ǰҽңżΪḻҽ伮ഫ˲֪ҩҶȴڴСಡδϵͳѧϰҶ˵ıѧҽ
ϲڼĵʱüҽѧʱ䣬ʮʵܲһһ׵ġ
ǰС¼иҽҲ²СľͰԼ¶ˣѾ꣬ǰѧĶԳչֳ
ЩһɼС¸δʦ
δʦʵǸĸҽǸյݸĵڶ죬ҶҲεҶ֪֪˸򣬾˵⻹Ǹմǹٵ̫ҽ
˾ţ֮ڱ˷֮ǰģҪȷʲô֪ҪΪΪʦ
ȻǣĲǼƻֻʱ͵͵ˡ
ҶֻժһһСӾˣҲûͣ£һߣӿռ˸ĳ
´Ӧúûߵʱˣֻܳڶ㡣
һơһ¶һ˿Сˣƻｻأɹ˴Ͳ½ò
ҪǴԽʱĿռ伸ƻֻʣһ㣬ԭƮƮҩֲӯһߵĺׯ԰һֻʣ¼ҩĵСأҲôС
ĿռҶеģ֪ΪʲôȻһͶ̥ˡ
տʼֵĵʱ̥ֻܸӦռĴڣ֪飬ֱһЩȥռһ̽
˵ˮĿռҶĴġ
ͺ㱾ӵһÿԳԺȺȣжգ²
ͻȻһ죬˸㣬ĽһɽҪһжҪԼܶ¿ʼҲزǰ
Ҷ裺
ô죬ֻѡٲҲûǿ̫ˡ
Ƭǰ֪ʱµģǸʵˣֵܳԹƷ֣ˣǰûʰɾڵϳһſŵС硣
ժԼҪһҶΧһľµС绹ûü˼ÿǲͬƷֵӽռḻ֡
ʱˣûٽռʰĵϵĻʹȥ
û߼ԶԶڴĹһСӰ
Ҷգգۣ˲Ͳµ˭
װСӣҲųȥˣСƹ˸ƵǸӰ
վԼ̥󣬿ͷӬתתǱתתصԭأҶ̲סֹɵΪ
磬𣿡
Ѿǵһˣ벻ףһôһ飬Ϊʲô·ֻôһСطԭ֮ǰֻ˵û·ֻԭתȦȦ
Ҷõת˸ȦҶӰ۾˲һ߳һ߼شУãҸ˵
Ҷ嵽ߵʱһס죬С°Զĳڷ̧̧ʾС㡣
Ҷɴۣ˽ס첻סͷѹǴ˫лܿ˷ܡ
ҶǺദõ˫̥ãһı־ַ֪ʲô˲õ¡
Ÿĵֱ߰æˣѾӦһʱֲᷢʧԼԼӦûٵȻᣬҶ˾
ȥǿ˵Լһֱ£С׼ʼԡ
Ȼܶʱ͵ĶЩëƤĵС£ѾߺǸѾֳˣǸ͵˸С˺ǸѾʶȵȣûʲôֵĹŴСİҲǸ֡
ҶСϢȴЩҶԤˡ
͵͵ȥ˵ҾѵĶˣҪǼס
Ϊﳣ˵ǼھǣĸҲӾǸҶǵú
öֵ˫ֱ˱ȣƣҪסҪסôꡣ
־ò̫ԣСüëһᣬջûֻż˵ҪͶ
̫˷ˣôǳǸֵҪǲ˵ѾˣԵˣ
ϾҪ͵һԼˣ
ҶϰʡԵżĺԶõݡ
ԣ˼ǣǼҼӭһԾǵĳõĿˣ
û˵ӼˣҶʡ
˵˵ˣǴ󡣡ҶԼļĵС°͡
ʮСˣӦòʲôҪľɡ
һ˶ڷųֵССС͸⣬ĿӦҲҪӰǼеĽ֡
 
 2 

ҶҶСһֱڶǺҶĸסԺ֮ǰҶĸ˵֮ԼסһԺӣֻԺӻûʰ
סԺ۰ʰĵط⼸춼߰æµļСѾҲԼҶҶȥʱԺﶼĵģǵʧһʱȻû˷֡
˯ʱ䣬Ҷ˯һ䣬Ҷװ˯ˣźѸʵˣȷһתʧڷ
ڿռҶھôʱ֮ٿˮ󲻵ĶĵأѾܱľֹˮ
ȥĵط˿ռдʮҩݣ֪ÿοǶûʲô仯ɻǿž;졣
ЩǹؼʱܾĶ֥˲⼸ĹҩģҽҩĿûмصϧҩЩҩӶҶԼģֻÿռӵֳܹ
ռͬʱȻܴ㣬ȴʲôûеģһһ£Ŭ˺Ĺģ
һԽռĳɳֵ˸ֵ
ҩ³Сεߵһߵժһѡ
ļѡ桢â֦ۣԼҩԽǴĺԽ͵ɽģҲֻ⼸
ҺÿռбʹܣԲˮҲỵͻٳûļ֣֮˲÷ЩźֻܰοԼٳ˸ɣЩǻлóȥġ
ռˮܸɾҶ豧һҲϴ߳űռéݷŲ
ԴӺéݺĺܶණҲûˣֻʣһŴһӡһϷżҽ顢С˵ͼƿǰԵҩ
ҶûѷӱϣùڼǱС˵
С˵ϲճŮͻҲӵ߻ʶ֪ͬԿ෽ıûλʤĹ¡
ıۣݽգиıһһֻĿⱾ鿰һȨıľ䡣ͺܺˡ
߲ǸѰɡ
д˸ķ⣬С˵ȫԱ뽵ǣöߵĻ˵ÿһ˶ߵĶ塣
ԭӢ˫ȫڳΪʵۺΪʺŮУȴסȵѹѡˣ
ԭѩǵŮСǴ̼ʱɹһʬ
ˣǡϷ󺵣֣Ϊʵ˸ֿߣɱ
ؼЩͬˡ
ǣⱾֻʣһ
߼ֱ޻˵
˵ߣתѡרҵʱԼҪıѧҽ˵ĵֿȻûɹ
˸ְдרҵҽ
Ȿ˵Ǻʷ黹д󣬳Ϊ˳ġ
ĵⶼûɾ
Ҷ轫ٷһ飬ٴȷֻڷΪɵδ޳ֹ£ǼҲֻΪڱ˵Ŀڷˡ
ڵСʵǷɴй˼һ뷨ɿһСɰжıԶǣڻֻǸδʮСҲò
ҪǴͻȻУЩĶĲĻֵŮʲô¡
ȻûСˣҪĳ̶ӦøײеĴûʲôϵ
Ҷ飬ŻԭһЩռǰɹõĺҶȥ
ȻҪ˵ûеĲϣ滹ӸݴĸɺҶЧûпռĺ
Ϊ˱ʾԼİʦĳ⣬ȫûŮҶ賭廨룬Լıؾ֮·
µʱҶ廨ĶпٹȥǵԺˣԺᵽ˶ԼԺסҶҲ˸¼Լ¡
æĲֺͻȻ˵пҪһ˲ľȺãȻ
˭ѽΪʲôҪǼңûмס𣿡ӦҶдɻСװȫ֪ʡ
СԴ󣬰¹ȥҶСҲòˣ˷ܵű߰ȹʣСܵҪҿɲԴһ档
ǵסھǵѵĶӣˣǼ߱ȽůסôܡҶĸŮػشЩؿӡ
ôÿСܵܣ
ҶС΢˵۾ʼתðβŵŵҲµġ
Ϊ´ˣҶĸҲû˵ǣȻҶĸ֪ҶԼС͵˽躢Ӳô֪ٲǼŴ֡
ɣƤöסõ£Ҷ֪עץ˲Сӳû֡
ǱǴĸ磬͵Ǽˣϵſڽòã
ˣҶ˿ЩԸԴͰͣٽ˯һ㡣
ȻҲҪһ磬ɸʲôʱ򶼿ԿǸ˯ˣΨһԲһ졣
Ҷĸˮ۾Կٻȥ˯˵
ԣҶĸҲ˯һ㣬ʱʼɣñƽʱҪ磬ҲۣɷΪ˱ʾӣһҪȫҵſӭӡ
Ҫʲô׹һôʽҲ޿ɺǣɶԷǺԼһλĺӣҶĸԹˡ
ϰ˴ɷķԸҶĸֻܾСӰŵǳȥ
ڶװ磬Ҷ軹õ㣬һѾеϰˣҶȴǣ֣վ۾վöᣬǰڻ
ҶĸŮôҲһһᣬɷŮȶԶӿһ㣬±ѵ
ǳûվþͿߵĽֵǵķʻܵ͵ͨҶ迴ʹСǰʱǱȲϵģǲ֪ˡ
ҶͷǱ߿ȥһĳһͦν׳꣬ڶĳͱȽˣһʮģСꡣ
²⣬Ѿǰͣ¡
공³ƿӵʱҶͼӭǰֶ𡣡
 

 3 

һȺעһֻ˳ذ׵ִĽ̽ڽϣһֻ֣ȴ·ʱһ㣬һذɢųĹӻǰ
īѩ촽پȴһ˿ŮͲµҶĿвȾ˳ƫƫӣֽƬ
Ҷ
վȺȳҶҶ˸񣬸һһСԼҶǼҲһ
ͬ񣬳úÿǲ̬һһչŲ׵Ľ
ҶһȥĿľǰС͡
һʱЩҶ֪ôǼ棬һʱֻǱ겻ССһŵĵ޴ı仯ۣ²ʧ˻񣬿ʱ΢˲ֻ˰
ӦҶȼ򵥽˫ݡ
ֶҶĸ
ҶʱĲͬҶĸʱֻЦų˵ͷҶĸؾȻһ㶼ƽ϶ԷʧҲЦŵضǰò˵ͷӦ
ҶĸԼ̫Сû̥⻹һμôºÿĺӣ֮ǰǵ㱻ŵķڼ˵˲ͱǰĿòɢˡ
ֻ͵ͬʱϧ⺢ӺģԼɼݲ԰ףϵǳЦڸ岻ôĲɫڲ
ĺӣӲ뿪˸ĸԶ磬Լһ˫Ҷĸ;ԼӦöõ㡣
̥ã誶кҶĸ뷨һ˲ҶŽܣ仰ŻվԭصҶ˵
ҶֵʱѾˣʱԼ׵㵽˫ǰһÿС磬Լڴֺߡ
ҶȷԼûɫȫƤΪĸȻһˡ
ﻹ²ۣͱǰͻȻŵЦݻۣʱԼոյ뷨
ݵĵĽܺϹܼʱسѣүˣɫˣСү·ϱ˽Ϣ
ԣңֶȽϢʲô˵Ǻ游͸׶̸ˣҶСС͵ǰȻЩŲ
̲ס̾ȻʿأǰŲѾ˼ź·ӣͲѾȡ
һ뵽дľǵľƣҶⰵҡͷ̫ӣҲ֪Ͻɻڡ
վںѾʹżҶĻԶɢеӭ˽
ҸɢȥֻҶŹܼһȥǽҪס
ǵʱҶԸģԺ̥סԺɰԺ֮õԺӣ֮ǰʱ򻹴һ
ʲôȱĻʲôҪֲܸ˵ֲǸĴܼңﾡø
ֱӳƺվԺУҶҶæǰæذæᶫԽ䵽Ҷ
ҶߣŵҪ߾סƺ̫Ȳ˵ȥ߶µܵӺɣɴӦ¡
˲͹ˡ
һ۳Ͷ٣Ҷ׼õϴ簲ڵڶϣԱ֤ܵõϢ
ϴ绹ûҶҶڵڶϣȥĸ밲ʱٴμǰ밲Сӡ
밲
밲
ǿϲڳƽʱǶҶ仹ǱȲöĶܿǸģ
ƽʱôѧԣҶ˿϶ѾһˣСС;ѾԾӷȵ̫ǰҶ˻ǾԼе
˽ԼɷӵԸ񣬸ڽѵ֮ǰ誶ո绹ӾǸǴء
ȻҶͼƽʱϴһûһͣ˫̥СƵģСƯķһۣŲյܵš
ҶСȣС鲽ŲҶĸߣغؿϢԵó׵
ôôÿǰСಡסҽԺܱ֮һõ״̬ȫǿſռά֣ģĲ˶ʹݣɫҰ׻ơ
ǰȴֻǽһ㣬ɫ԰һ㣬ȫ˵ĴӳͿʼˡ
Ҷ͵Сһ֮ڹСҲ׼
ڰҶڵ˶ʱĻעҶΪƽʱƤĶӻ׼ʲô׼ʲôܸҿ𣿡
ҶֿϲСһۣС˵ͷߵһԵ߳ҪԼǰ׼
˵Ŀ£һЦشӿȡһµСӵݸ
ҶССܵǰ˫ŵݸӹִ֮ԼóһСɰ׼ġ
Ҷ裺
˺ý£׼͸δʦС
Ҷе⼱תǰܵԼԺɰʲôãҶСͷ˵Ҫ˵
˭֪ˣԼ͸С׼˳㻹ǳĵذ˳ȥ
Ҫˡ
ڳ˿ɲ˽еģʾ򿪿
Ҷ͵ıȽԵСӰ˵ɹɵĲϣɢĵ㣬룬ҶҵСⷽ浹Щ츳
ȥ˴壬ϿСĶ棬պúݸʮīʯţϵС¾ͽõСأ򿪸Ӿһ¡
Ѵ򿪵ĺӵݵҶǰЦЩ棬Щ㶼Ҫң𣿡
ҶҶĸ濴ۣҲЩȣһӵɸ״ĽӣһЩʹÿʱģ󲿷̥ԶھǵĸÿΪ͸ǵ
ҶԼҲһС
ҶĸǵԴӸ̥дǵţ֪ӵô֮󣬾ͺܱһеĽӣԼԳȥ棬ЩԼꡣ
û뵽ؾȻô󷽣ӣһӲ˳ȥһĿ档
Ҷˣ㽫󻢵ĸһһȥ𣿡Ҷڰ׷˫ڴСͯ͸©Ľš
õ϶𰸣Ҷ㡣
ԺҶȷֿȥҶԺһ·ҪͬУҶ豾СԵģһͣ£Ҳʶͣ¡
ͷҶɻͶһͷ꣬ոôˣ
䣬Ϳ걾Ͱϴʱ԰ֽɫסһ˿Ѫ
Ҷɴ˫ۣôˣȥҸҽոѪˡ
 
 4 

ˡҶ軰ͬʱͳ
ǵѪøɾֽȾѪİɫݸΧīʯЩȻСЩɬİЦ⡣
û£㿴ܿͻˣҴ򡣡
Ѫ˵һ˲Ĳ
ĸо⵽ƣ˺üζμʱûΣȴóС̥ĥ
Щ̥ǶֶعͬõĽγһֶԸǿøӸӣҲԽĶҩ
λ̫ҽʹʦŬҲǽڵĶÿ¶һΣصĻۣʱǻԽԽ̡ 
´ζֻʣ²ʮ죬ؾµѹƴ巴ӦֻԽԽƵӳڣѾϰÿηǰһʱԼֵĸ״
ֻǺŵǰС΢΢Ǹ
Ҷֻǰɫǰʱ񣬿ÿƣݳޣΪʲôȴûʲôоӡ
Ҷ迴ߵСīʯȻ϶ŵǣȴżӣ촽
СС࣬ո磬ĺɰҪŶõġ
ҷŵĺҶģúҶ軹ǿֲ˵ɰ⼲
СĲ϶ռģ˳
ҶȻ֪ײжأֻҪһЩܰȻòԣһЩ֢ܵ״пԵġ
صԼԺӺҶǿģ֧ߵ˽˿ռ䡣
ǵʣµǵг˼С˵ʣµıҽһǵģλոСĲӦеá
ʲô⣬ҪôƣֻܵȵһѸ֪
ոĸ׼ȻҶĺѣӦò͡
ȻҵĴβŷḻ֪ʶʵİӾ͸ˡ
ҲֻڿռĻ
ٴθ̾һԼʲô㣬¶С˼С壬Ҷؿʼ顣
*
үҩˡ
īʯԼү߿ʱʱ˿ڣһںɫɢŨŨζҩǰϡ
ҩʦī壬ҩùʧˡ
īʯϰʦײβүݵһ·ʦͽõһˡ
źԼһү治ɫؽһҩ£īʯԼǰڹүҩʱǸζ¶ɫ̲סۡ
ôȴƫƫݲԼֵ̫ӣôǼүôô㣬ȴҪôأ
ҶҵСүС͵ùɡ
͹Сͯϱ仯ɫֹĺ˼룬ʡ뷨ԾͯͷɢһıƣԼԼ
ޣõġһͼҩүȣպõﻹʱóϣȻȻʣүҪ𣿡
ԣнӷŹ
뵽ҶҵСŮʱһСģС΢΢һ٣΢䣬
õġīʯȥ߱ߴϵСƽƽ棬˵ֲڣүǰõĺɰ˲һǰ㡣
Ҳ֪ôүۡ
ûһнӹء
Ѫ»ǱҶ֪ˣҶԭҪƳϴʱ䣬Էֻһ˳ԷҲᵢʲôΪƳˡ
ҶΪӭ׼ϴھУ˵ôʽʵҲͨͨûһٷ
ϣҶ۲쵽ոɫȰѪʱĺ˺ܶ࣬ССؽ仯鹦Լ͵СɰͲǺ˲١
͵͵ÿռ˼ҵ¸ǳ˶
ѹ´ҪεĸȥĲʡĸ磬ҶƳҶҶĸıһ㲻ԡ
ȥҶԽԽ⣬չĴѾƵʣ㣬ΪʲôҸղſôĵӣ
ڳԷʱ࿴üۣ͸¶СԣҪ۲ϸ濴ﻹˣҪ֪ƽʱǲܵ¡
ߵǾǱߵĴѾߣֻǰҺʱ䱻չһʱ䣬µѾѵ֮Ҫȥġ
϶Ժϵ˵֪Ϣء
ԥһ˲С϶Ҫ֪ģίһ£СүĸӾǸСүҲһѾߡ
ޣˡ
Ҷһ˽صͷСࡣ
ͨĶģڣǴδĸѾ͹ͨѾߣǵˡ
һֱǰᵽǰѾ߲űǲɢ꣬û뵽ôˡ
˵ͣûǼѾߣɶҶĸ˵ôǺӦ˵ģΪôһŸ̥ˡ
ôࡰѾߡҶ費ֹһεңĸ۹ⲻôãѾߡЩˡ
ָĲòϵȱݣԸϴھ޴㡣
һţԼòΪĽϵһˣҲò״һײ
ţһźõ㣬ǹڣҶһ˾ֵҶլΪȥ˱ԺѾȥˡ
Ҳ³
һŶųֵʱҶҲʼլϷͷԸڣҶѾûʲôսʶˡ
һصġѾߡֻǸʲôļƷ
ĸŮ飬ڶ밲Ҷ軹Ÿ׼һȹĵʱ䡣
ôĶϱȻЩģҲĲôѼѾ߷ϡ
˵¡
Ҷʱ֪ġѾߡڼһݵĸ̼ҵСŮ˵ϸÿ궼ҪԼ͸檣ͰԼŮˣҪͺϹϵ
һԭǸһӾǳΪ·ˮֻֿܷ
ЩϢҶյǵź֪ġ
ҪǣǸ̵СŮҲҪˡ
Ҷ˵ΣС
 
 5 

Ҷûȵڶ죬ʱͿƺЩԼ
ԭһ·ΪĴߴӲ̵˰졣
ҶϺҶװɵԶҶĸģ֮ͱԺһ˯ͼ˲ŸյҶ
㰲ɸϲҰæ͸СүѾˡ
˵Ҷ˶ϡ٣Ůǰ顣
ԭֻͨ˼ҵŮ˵Ϊ϶вʱʲôòԵĵطһŬ
ŸҲΪҺãѧϰϵŵ㣬ҽһлĺ
˵۽ķӦ·ֻҪԷ¶һ⣬ܽϷ̨Էϡ
Ҷ迴һţ˸Ϳʼžžž˵̶̼ͣ仰ʹüʹҶŮ˵˸ס
ѵû˸˵ҶҺԼԶŮ֮ûΪһڵ
ԼţȴŴʹһ㡣
⻹ҶƽᵽĸʱķӦй۲ܽģ˿ԼҳϣҲǨŭ
Ҷ迴ԼҸ±ãԼ˸ùеı飬ٴθ̾ĸ۹Ķ
վߵַ֣ͬʱ̲סŶС˵ġ
޽Ҷҽʮ꣬ɷ˺üѾߡûвĵλκΣ̼ͭζ˵׵ŮƾʲôԼ
зڳ񲻺ö˵ʲôİͶ˵Ӻͱȴ˸쾡¡
ѹŭ鵭˵ʱֻ۽ƳһۣȻǷĸãӦóΪɩӶǽ㣬ûá
һ仰ݣ·Լ֪ݣ˭ܿոȷʵͻĸըòᡣ
˿ԱŵӲܶļ֡
Ǿ˴СȥԺӡ
ˡذɷĸõȥ·ͻȻӦһ㣬Ϊ֪Сǰ׼ԺûüʰС㻹벻Ҫ⡣
ðβŷӦǹϸȨɫף۽⿴ŷװƵӣֻ۹۱Ǳǹġ
ȵûˣҶϸع۲ķӦҪǿջЦҪ취תע
ο˵ĲôҶԴ֪֮ÿƢһľͻάһʱ䣬Ȼȫ˶ͷۡ
誶ôô顣
һԻǸûûεӣСŮȴôģ˵㰲ο
誶ҲϲµСùðɡûϵ׹ٰᣬƯС誶ҸÿСﵱѡ
ԹȰһ˫Ů˽ۣҹ⣬¡
Ҷ迴ֻеԼŵĲͬĵû̫˿
Ѿϰ˼ÿһƷ⣬Ҳ׷ġ
ᣬһֱԱ߶ȥҶˣҪոһ𡣡
ֻҪոͬ⣬Ȼԣɲ鷳˼ҡ
ҲǿˣСӶûռҵСĪĺøС
ҲûкӸ˴˻ٵĹֻҪӲѧǵҪ
ĿģΪ˴л֮ǰհʱԱ͵ΪˣǼҲҶұүݽܳȥ
Ҿٰᶼϲһɣʱֻ֪ۡãǰ֪ÿͻݸڵĸҷСμᡣ
Ϊ֪ˣȫֱӽͳ
ƫ
򿪳ݸϲȦӵһҪᣬȻҪһ޶
ǨȻʼļû죬ҲԴΪڣ˸һơ
Ժһ϶ɾƣǾ
ʱ䶨ͶѸٵ˸ݸƷĹԱԼһЩȴ޹ְ˶
Ҷڴ֮ǰΪԵʼûôӴˣΪεʦ¶һߣռСҩҲʱˡ
ÿ첻Ҫ·ǹĲãǸæĲֺ
ǰһ죬ҶѾ˪Ժ·Ǹ˼첻īʯ
Сôү߷̣·߶
ʲô
߽ԥҪҪкͻȻīʯסȥ·
īʯҲҲţҶֻͣ
Ͷ֮ɻС񣬡ôѽ
īʯ˪һۣҶܵ˵仰𣿡
þûô˵ĿҶҲһصͷ˪ȻԺӰɣҴԼȥ
ڿ˵˰ɣ
үĺͺɰ֮ûôˣһ𣿡
īʯ˵ҲԼеƤе۸˼ҵɣǰССϵĵҪڲزס
涼ʲôϣôҲԡ
СĺɰӦҲ̫ѣӦҲܺ׾ѧİɣٲҲʦ
үǿ嶾֢״ļ᲻һǸɰãҪ鷳˼С
īʯûиʦүǾһأܷŹκүʹĻᡣ
ѾүĶܽˣֻϣ첻ҪĻᶼ
ڴı飬Ҷͬͬʱ־һĵ⣺ô꿴黹еõģһ޳ɣֻǰûгµĻᡣ
صĲ˵С飬ҶܸɴشӦ˽īʯ󣬻ŵõĲϡ
ϾôõҪΪҩĴֻ𵽸Ч
ң˶㡣
һֹģҶ޲˿죬˵ԥԥ˵һӡ
ǸʲôС˲˵ʲô֪
㻹ʲôҪȥˡ
ȵȡīʯּæסǰĲǸԥˣֻǵһС̸ǱȽ϶ࡣ
ܲȲҪ߱£رǼү
īʯؽͣү֪㡣
һǲŲҽκĲҶҲ⣬Ӧ
ڶ׼ʱƷ磬֮ǰҶԶԶһۣ֪ǲԼˣֻոɫˡ
ʱãҶֻԼĿˡ
 
 6 

ϯſʼһֱ½½֡
Ϊ֪ݸƷ͵λߵŮˣһ˫ŮϯķϢ
絽ķС㶼ԼȦӣľһ졣
һеĶŮͨзͻȻѹ˵µ֪ǳԾǵǲİ
ϢǴлҴģ⻹м٣Χŵķ˼⣬Ҳ׷
µ֪ɾˣȹ̫ӣк͵Сһ𳤴ĹӲ顣
ȻôôˣȻǸݣٺҲȲݵĸٰ
Ͳܴˣ˵׼ҶԼϲء
˵⻰ķ˴ҲʶԼ뷨̫룬ƳһӰͯˣ֮ͯǰϴ˹ϵͦûʲôϢ
ϴ˾ǳݵǰ֪ڼͳݵ֪ͬͯ¹ϵãҶ֪֮ǰһֱдԣϴ˻淴ӳ취ͯһ
֪ͬƷһǴƷλȼҲ൱ڵĳ֪
ϴھйϵұͯ˼ʹܳΪ֪Ҳȥõְλ
˭뵽ͻȻָҶˣԭ嶤ϵ٣һɲΡ
ϢʱЩͯûʲôϵгķˣڱûٳЦͯҡ
ͻȻʵŮһûвκλͯһıЩ
ܵ·΢ͯ˾ͿԼŮ۵ǵ
һůͯ˵һ˼ңүҲ˵ٳϵ£֪ʲô
Ǽ¶һûһֵʢҴȥߣʧ㡣
һλλȽϵ͵ķ֪ͨз˺ͯ˲ͣĸŮıӰźۼᳶǣ˭֪ͯ˳ޣҶͷˣߵӸ˭š
ͨзЦһɲô˵˼ҿǳŵڵĲŮǻʿɲܱȵġ
⻰ҪԵ٩˵ܻмֿţΧļλ˶Դ֪
Ĳˣ̥źȥ棬ڿϯʱͺãԼǸڳķġ
СӰֵԣͰǴСӶĵط
ҶһοôһСкдԾԾԣո磬Ҫһ𣿡
΢һԵļɽϣСŲ̬Ĳ԰ףȥɣҲϲ档
ҶҲϲ棬Ҫ͸ͬ˽ӴܰõһС
ûСѺЦݣšüӿʹ
Ҳ⼸֢״û֮ǰôܳкīʯȥǰͤӡ
Ҷһ־ܵСŮĻӭԵ桢ơĿ⣬Լ˻졣
δҽĴǼŮӣҪԼ·Ρ
ȷԼûʲôͬЩСӦݣҶҽˡ
ͯʲôʱ߰ò˵ҲҪ֪𣿡
ҶֻҸطῪʼû뵽ڼɽһȺСѳܡ
͵ŴӼɽ̽˸ͷ˫Ķš
˶Ƿһǰôأǲ˲㣬Ȼôû
п϶Ǵţ˲ҳ
ʲô£ҵ֪ܲܵҲ֪϶ܡͯһ˶ǰһȺСҲ©ӣŶһȺСﷴ˻ȥ
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ͯﵣģû˵ԴһʺþͰȺϵС͸ˡ
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Ϊ׵Сʫǣһ֪ͬŮҴ˲ԸҶŮϵҲòˡ
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˵кһȺСˡ
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ȥûŵеûˡ
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㡣
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͵Ĺͯôһ˲·𿴵˷ɢŽͯ
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Ѿϳˣ֪˵ŮղǳܵѾˣͯŴС΢΢ź죬лл
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ͯ¶ؿû¶ı飬ҲЦѽ
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үҲֻǸʮСӡҪԼ̫ˡ
˵ˣīʯȴһŵӽһ˲
ԾؾվԼԶ˼ֱӿ˷ȥɨޡ
ջ߾ͿҶССƵĳͤӣո־ߣŻͣո磬ǶȥԷˣǿȥһȥ
Ҷһӻ򣬼ദԾѾոϵѾܺˣֵܾҪһ
ȥʱҶˣòˣһȥǰȴ硣
˽ʳ޲εϯԾΪҲڿǰ׼䣬հԼɷ˼˳ƽݡ
Ҷû뵽ǼҸڳݸ¶ٰĵһᣬܺķô࣬Ҷոһʦ
ϣǶȥ񽫼ٻԼǰ誶ҽ˴£ָ˸ʦ¸¿ʼϿΣҪú׼ǵҪʦһõӡ󡣡
̥
ج̫ͻȻеڴ̼
ͼԼɿɲһļ¸»вʮ죬ҶҶҪúôʮ
ǽãСȴǴӶͱ˸ֿγ̣뿪ʹ͵ӡ
Сڹ࣬ܽϵĻң̥ϷԴֺЦ
ҶҪǳʱں棬ͬˡ


 7 

ԼҶжһûСҪԼСŵȻܡ
˭߻һ书ǿīء
ɷ˽⵽ߵīٿ̥Ͱ͵ĿģȻͬǼԼŵ
Ȼߵīš
ǣһ˳ŵʱ߿ĵط͸īʯײβʦ
ʱڣֵϴⰻȻ˶һֵӡ
ҶҶûӵС·ϲͼȺҳīӰ
֪ۡڶҪǰֵҵֵžĲ̣ȺԽԽܼǲòС
ߺϵĽֵϣ̥ܿѰī£Сǰ棬ʱػͷȷոλá
ո磬ȥ𣿡
Сӵ徫ޣ·һҾ¥ʱҶˮĴۣͰ͵ؿ
Ҷ죬㣬϶кóԵġ
λСҪԵʲôСкܶóԵĵġĵССŲףæк
īʯүͷæǰŵС䡣
ڰҵһѲˣͿСԴһСֹ
ãǳԱȥ档
ղһҸղ˵ǰڶУ벻ȥ
У㲻ϲǸëĲҩһ˵ҪȥǰҩҩҪҪȥ򡣡
ҶֶԼСı£²ظ÷ԼռϢ
ǵǮոҪô졣
ǮܶǮҸ򡣡˵Żͳһɰװ״Ľӡ
ոҪҶԾȼ֮д˵⡣

ƺԼСûȷ֪ˡ
ȥлȥҩҩ
ͻȻ̴ֵµһתͷͿոĿǡ
ûûεŶڴӶӰȻһͬһ˿θУ·Ƕ˼ʲôõ¡
Ҷһµı飬ո磬Ҫһ𣿡
Ҳһֱں𣿡
ǣǡҶͷһؿá
˵ҪոԺҲһ档Ҷ񶼲ҺͶСϣֻӲͷƤ
Ŷܳ´ٳ˵Ҫ˼ң⻰˼˼ҶǳǳųǽƤ
˼ոűǴ꣬԰׵ҲǴº͵ЦҶܾЦʱЦǲ۵׵ģ˷·ɢ䵭롣
ҪĴȱۣԼҲСǶӽûϴôСӣĽúÿСȴֻԶԶĿ
ҶвС·ûе˼ֻ΢ЦŰǶ˽г̡
еĵط̫ңֻȥҩ
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Ĺװܽóľ飬ôٵǺ«
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ʷЩԵҶ·ϻ͵˺üۣڱ귢ֵʱŵӳЦ£ɰС¶
Щ컹еЩЦǵǰμСﻹЩģôһظоӱ˲١
ߵҩ֮ǰ˵Ǻ«Ϊ֧ܵ˼ͶˣΪһûԾ͸·ߵһСؤ
ҶվҩſڣŴɢҩ㣬鲻ı÷ɣ·صǰļÿɢʵ
ҩܴȴֻǼҩҶ迴һȦŲµԭ
һҩ䲻ҽרΪ˿һõĴ򣬿ҩ겢ûУҩĴһҩһȴ˻ûȫӹҩݡ
ѹָոҶҩҩִһרŸġ
壬ҩģҪĲ࣬һ𣿡
ҩŹ̨ҩתͷȴȹ̨˰صСŲӰͰ͵ؿ
ƼҲиŮԷƺõҩЦŶѽ֪Ҫʲôҩ𣿡
Ҷɲ˼ҰСˣڱǸɰ۵С
϶ش͸˵˵ԼҪĲҩ
ĩ˻ͷͯͯǵӵĻҲҪԼ֣ǳʲôӵġ
̨ǰرһҩҶ裬ȻһЩǳͨҪټҲ˾ȡ
֮ǰյСĺɰΪ˵İģڿӦöһ˵Ĺ͡
͵ͷһµĺۼġ
ҶøˣҪȥʱͱѵˡ
ҩ̫࣬ټһӴʮԼƽ䲻ʮС˵̫ˡ
ʶԼ̫̰ҶЩɥһһת۾ͷּĶīʯϡ
ûʲôСڵòĶ
˰춼᲻Ҷ˾ȵ΢С죬磬Ϊʲôô󡣡
ΪҺү䰡
īʯһЦõ⣬һξԼһҫ¡
ǰڹʱߵ˶书ȫû뵽ʵ󲿷˶ǲġ
ո粻岻Ҳѧ𣿡
īʯҲʶҶСǸҽģûɻʳ⡣
Ҳʲô˵ܣԼүһ۵Ϊ˵ү书ܹ壬үɱˡ
үȴǴӮģûʽ
˵±ɨޣīʯС
ҶôǵСǲѧϰ书ӻ۵Ļġ
ǰ漹ֱͦ꣬Ҷʱģģʶ˽ʮĥֻܲԭ
Ҫ취ѰҶ谦̾š                        
 
 8 

壬һ𣿡
ҶСеŴ˪վԺеĿյϣڷصС˿ʱʶ¶һɵЦݡ
Ϊ˾¸յֵҩӣҶȥҪԺӵȨ
ȨôõõģΪ˻ŵ˺üӲͷƤӦΪŮŮҪ
Ҳ˵¸¿ʼҪд֣Ҫѧ廨
ҲŵõԺһСصʹȨ
ССɣҶŬ˼СԼúõԺӻˡ
һСأǾԼֲҩΪֻһʱİãʱͲȤ˲ڡ
Ͼȥʱֶֻ֪˼䣬ҪʲôûûʾͿʼ
˵ʵҶԴ˿ƽʱʲôҪ󶼾㡣
⽨ȼȷĹŴҽŮƶͥҽŮְҵҲǵλ±˿ġ
Ϊݣҵλ͵ļҳܻ˽һȴиĽӴ
ֻܾܾõסһһĸҽɲס£ʦ»Ҫ˵
ʦڲ͵ʦǿĽеģҲѧʲô߳ҽֻҪļһҽи
һСشֻңΪ֮ǰֻݵķΧڣɺʱҪһ㣬ҶһʱҲŪͻȥֳҩġ
֮ǰСΪͽ׺ùϵ
ӵĶͣ򵥵ֻ֪СĵĲϾҪ¹
ҶæĲʱѡÿʺĲϡ
Ĳɸѡ˼ζĳҩģгϣ籡ɡҶ޲֮ࡣ
˽СҩϵͬʱСҲ
׽²һʱҶ˸ζٴ֮ǰӦīʯȥס
ΪīʯܵҪҶһ˶ûԼˣԺǰŷԺſţΧȴһ˶ûС
ԴסҶһιߡ
֮ǰֻ˵ǾܾԺаѾС˵ĺ⣬û뵽ֻסˡ
氲ù֣Ҷ΢΢ëڿһ˵ԺǰΣҰο
Լң˵ûʲôµġ
ո𣿡
ҽŶ
īʯ磿
Ҷ豧Żҩһ߻ŲһСĵغ
ڼžĻԼĽŲôҶƮڵصϸ춯
ء
һͻأСҶͷƤ˲ը𣬷·𱻶ԭأóһʱҶعöͯһǻ
ո磬ǲҾȻȥˡ
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ҶһƿžͿڵϣԱǵµĵӣʱŵҩء
ո磬ôˡ
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īǰ³ȥˣīʯȥû
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ССͣոͺɰ
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תۼֱīʯŵҶСС㣬һīʯҶЦ֣Сߣոû£ʹþһ㣬ܿܺǳȥˡ
ǲո粻ʹ̸Դ꣬ҶܿԵǵ㺦£ǵʡ
ŲУոòͱ˵Ĳ̫һҩһλԶ˾Ͳá
СڵĶÿ·һεĹ֪˲࣬Ҳûǰʲô֪С
Сｿ֪ЩҲ϶ġ
Ҷʵ˵ΪʲôոڵĶ뵽Ȼô궼ûܽ⿪϶ûзҲǰʡ
īʯ˵ĲˣߵԽСȡݸ
īʯ
Ϊȫʹ˼άЩٶۣīʯĶֹͳˣֻؿһۣŲײŭ
īʯӣɻǶѹԽһʲôãүʮηʱƳˡ
Ҷ裺
أȻ꣬ɵ˵ôĺ
ٿСªոҶҵС˵ͺɰҲµʲôʱҲīʯС̫˵С治ӡ
ɻ˵ˣҲеôܻôҽ޲ߵĶֻܳ˼СͶȥһǸ
Ҷգ޹Ĵۣ·ûǵĻɣո翴ʱ¶һɵЦ
ҩĵȻûκ⣬õⶫ翣ţֻУ˭Ҳ鲻
Ҷȫġ


 9 

ҶԼŸСϻӣȥ·ϣʱͷ˵
ãĲܺһϿ𣿡
ȻⲻԼҵ𣿡
Ϊʲô𣿻еء
ҶòοʧˣϳӰӶһɱ˵Ϣ
Ҷ迴ԼҸһʣϢһ޾ɵӣͬ顣
ѪεѾȥ죬ʱ䣬˻ûȫԼŮʦȴȫǰˡ
ҲѪĵڶ죬Ҷ͵͵粻úϿΣҪȥԺ飡
ҶҲʧһ£ǶϢľĽÿȥ档
ֱ죬ʦʽʼڿΣһĿγ̽Ҷһѵҵ
׵ûࡣ
ټһɿεΪͬʱҪѧŮ죬ҵ˴룬Ҷˡ
ֻңֻôǶˡ
ҶСסڣ˻ΣɤӰο磬㲻Ҫģ㿴ҴĴʦҲҲҵһѽ
ԣҶͣ½Ų˪ȥղΪָ׼ʲô
Ա˪ϵϻӺԼϵϻСҶɥıһգת˲ͱ˷ŭ
ôôӱҵĻǸʲôʦǲҲˡ
ҶԽԽߣ۸ˣ˵Ƥ񿹴û뵽Ȼ˸۸á
ߵߣߣӣ˪вС黹ƣ˪˵ǲǸ۸á
ûûУ㲻Ҫ˼ңʦ˺ܺõġ
˪ֻǸСûСүЩη壬ӣԼСİʾһҡͷûУʦûС
ҶССͱ徭ݱĶ֢˵͸ûûˡ
ǵˣ㲻Ҫ˵һϿ𣬿ȥ
ҶȴɣһֱǰߣҲʲôʱȥ飬Ҷź˵ˡ
Ҫܰ»ˤġ
үСҲ𣿡
Ժſڵʱúͽҽīʯ
ѽ壬õ𣿡
öˣţǿȥɣ翴ǿ϶ˡ
תֶīʯīʯСֵܾ͵ɣ˼ȥү
īʯͷүÿֻ˵ͳû˵͵ǽߣүСҽɡ
ڵͷӡеƤҶվԭش㶵ӣֵЦүǲǺϲҵҩϻҪҪһ϶ϵĴ󡣡
ҶγѣƵǰܣҲϲҲҪ
ڿĶӵСӰ˷׵ĺӣЦҡҡͷСӰǺ档
ҶʱͿԺȲ裬滹һղ豭ӦǽģǸǴ·īֲڡ
ҶϻӷڵϣС˫ˣ磬Ҫһдҵ𣿡
ϵĲ豭ϵСԥһ˲ûƿдҲ𣿡
֮ǰô˵ġ
Ҷù˪ϻӷڵϣҶڵ˲֪Լֱƭˡ
˼ҸͲǵûһС飬͵дҵ
ô֪Ҫˡ
Ҷ˼뿪ĺö࣬дҲҪ
Ҷķ誶ҲҵҪɰɣԺ͸ٻȥҲ԰ǿ
Ҷ۵峺͸Ҳ廨𣿡
ϵĶ΢٣ЦЦʾվһԵīʯҲᣬīʯһŮ죬ʦġ
ʦǸ·ī𣿡
ǰ
īʯתߣɫȴۿɼı죬Ҷ͵Ц
û뵽īʯһСŮ͹˾ˣû뵽Ȼǿôôī̡
ҶǸЩͷЦʲôԼõϻߣãдҵѽ
ףôӱҵĴȴҵ᣿
Ҷ᲻æȥ磬ԼѽΪֻмŻֽ
īʯСҲȥϢɣʱǻȥԸᲽĽŲ
˵ǽ̣ʵҶڸ֣ǴʦҶ貼õҵҪָ
Ů첻Ҫ룬Ҫ֪ɫ͹ͼȡ
ʦڽĵһҪѧỨһЩĻ֮ͼ
Ҷ֪ԼҵܵһԵİд
վ׵ϣҶԼרëʿôԲĵСݣϸϸСüëһš
磬ﲻ𣿡
Ҷһˡ
ڶҶһ
ַסƵСֹˤôˣ
ʶط˷ؿڣҶ๼ûУֻԱˡ
Ǿɣٻ
ͷֻСĵ彫ϱ
ССʱ˼˲ãʶСķӦûʲô仯ӦǻڸղŵĻϰ˿
Ȼ֪Сʲô֪ǻⲻȥ
ǰڹʱȻԼòȴּģԼҲΪԭ򱧹ΣСﵱԼÿȴ˼ҲԼá
Ҷɲ֪һ򵥵ĶߵСô࣬˵һʼʱѾԱ˵ĻЩŤôѾСһʱС
磬㻭ǲǺܺÿ
ôô룿
ҶץĻҡҡͷ֪Ȼʲô֪Ǹоʲôᡣ
ǰĽ㣬ֻҪվʹ㡣
ǰҪǿ
ڱǿĹУҲΪżʧеɥȴ·ԶᶨʹԿµĲ֪ӦԵĲħ治ɫû԰
Ҫ˵ʲôΪϰˡ
ǰ˽ʮ꣬һֱǰһ̶û˵ź
ο˼Һѧ˺ܶණ
Խһֻпյʱᵢܶʱġ
Ϊ˱ʾԼʦĳ⣬Ҷվã峺ĴŬƽӡ
òѽ
áһԿСҶǵĶԻͻȻ
˱ʾܵԣмλãеãҲửҽѽҼĻҿ϶Ҳܻ
˵ЩзЩؿһֱϲС磬ҪһȻٽҲ԰ɣ
һͰͣһССģЦ¡
תߵһ۵ĽһѻСľᡣ
ŵϣ˲ֲŵʱ仭ĻһЩһӼġ
Ǻ棬ֳһ򿪡
һͼҸյʱģЩǿȥġ
Ư

ҶҶͬʱԽյԽ޲˶ſⲻĻֽϡ
ôϲžˡ
𣬸ãŹԺȥʱܿˡ
һˣǰֶʡˣ˵ţϾֽĶȴ
ҶõĻûռ˵ĵ⡣
ãҵãøҵĺúȵˮҪûء
ҶЦߣ¶ֲʧòЦоŻֶе顣
Ĺòе᲻þֻܾڸĻҵĲ˼ҡ


 10 

Ժ
վԺе˪ٴο˿ɫѯ߽ĸ֣ǲǸýСˣ
ҽаɣٲ밲óˡ
վãСҪȥ밲𣿿쵽밲ʱˡ
ɡ
Ⱥļƿ߽ȥ˪ССӰںϴƷѾߺ档
šϴӣϲߣƿӹȻϵؿԼС㱧űãڴм䡣
С㣬ȸ
ֱӸϣҶĵءһ
С˯ͦ磬һӣ˯Ĳ𣿡
СƽʱҲӣȷʵԼ˵ģҪѵʱ򲢲
ЩģСﲻһҪ˵
Ҷֻ¶Բ˼ı飬ͷΪӦ
ڴҶΪ˯֮͵˿ռ䡣
Ҷ˵ĺܺúȵˮʵռĺ¶û֮ǰҽڼеĺռġ
˺ܾǾһͺ¶ˮ
ڵ˵ûʲôܱȺĶʺˡ
ɿռЩҩĲƷҲóĽڣˮҲǣֻͬȴôŨռƺ¶
ʵһ¶ǰʱ䲻ʵбһҲлˣһ¶ֻա
Ҷһ˵ԺеʱҶѵñһصˡ
Ů֣ſѾĵòĶӣŮ誶һŶ˯ò𣿡
Ҷ˵֮ǰƵ˵ûŶֻǶ˯һСһС˵ָгһ˱ʾ⡣
ʲôãǱȽײģһСС˵ʲôص
ŮͯͯĽ̲ͣסЦղ˵ʦ۸㣬㲼˺ܶҵǲģ
ѽΪҵӴҵ࣬ʵʦ˺ܺõġ
´θһϿΣ֪ˣʦ͸ĺóԵĸ㡣
ŮСһӣǾͺãȻ誶ͦϲʦҪ˼ѧŶ
Լʦ֮Ŀ϶Ҫ෬飬οʦͰɵǱ߽ǣߵģʵ֮ˡ
෬˵ѹեѧᷢ
λǸѧѧʽģԼӵĶӲôҵ񻹾ʦء
ãñ۸ҲŶ
Ҷ˵½̧̧С°͡
ЦʾվһԵǾǾת뿪һС
ٳʱһССӡ
Уһ򿪷ŵǰ
滹ǿհ׵ġ
¸ʮǵǿϴʶ棬ǻȥúҪ˭
ڲ¶ʮ컹Զء
*
Ҳ֪ԼҪ˭𣿡
ϵһߣԱ˴ʱ˽ۡ
Ҫ벻ͲˣԼһ˿Ҳԡ
һֵø˵ǣȴԥ˺ܾã׻ʶ˲࣬ӴҲ
ҲҪǰģͺһҶķ͵
Ǿʱĸǳȥμᣬ˼Ҷʶʶʱϲ˭͸˭Ӿͺˡ
Ҷ£Ү֪˭ʺˣ
ЦЦһԵڿԺúѧϰ𣿡
һ¡ҶӣܵԼ׼Ĵϻǰһ˰ƴ̳ӡ
װô̳ӣѹֽĵѾ߰æϻ̳Ӷڳ˵ֵһᣬԲС˵ȷʵصġ
ҶҫƵؽ̳ӷǰϡ
Ӧĺܺúȵˮ
ûʲôʾҶüЩ⣬ѵһ𣿺ܡ
顣
ͻȻſڵīʯĻүСߵĸֹˡ
ԶġҶܣ·īʯʱۣͣīʯһȥöɡ
īʯһ˲䷴Ӧʲôϡ
ԼүƮƮɨһۣīʯʶĿڡ
ʱҶīʯҲ˸һģһС̳ӡ
С̳ӷڴԲȻԵüֿɰټſŵСͯм򵥵İ·˱ø˼ζ
īʯվһԣֲֹֻԼүһ̳ӣûĲ֪úȵˮһĺȥ
һڣڸ𣬴㣬Լܸоһůʣ·ʢĺС
ºĲ豭ͼǰڴļ飬΢ЩЦ
ĺܺãлл
ۣҶҶͬʱ˿ʱϲЦտ
ҶССظϲЩԺҾ͸һЩ
þֵֹܶĶ͸ң˵ﻹʲôϲġ
ҶЦάֲס
ңʹ
Ҳ˵Ҫұ𣿡Ҷֶಹһš
ΪҶûµʱ򾭳㿪Ѿǵߣ굽˷ֵ͵͵ԼƸѾС׻ռ˲ٴССİԡ
ǶºûʼϿεǶʱ䣬ҶÿԼĸְԳѵõ֡
Ҷ˽ԼҸռԵĸֶηԼ͵͵ĶҲˣߵʱ鷳һҶ˽ס
˼˵Ҷ£ҶҲҪﱣ͵͵¡
һʱ˹ͷ˵©죬Ҷ۵Сڲס飬ⲻһʱ𣬶ôÿ϶Ǳܵġ
Ҷ軹ǵֻðұܡ
Ҳ̥ͨҶˡ
Ҳҵܺòã
ҶѧǰӣҡҡֺõЦ㲻Ҫ֪ˡ
Ҷ迴Ц̲סɳܵˣһҪҪ˵
ղžһֱµؿС죬õѾ֪ˣԸʵе棬ܲ۸Сӡ
˵ĻǿҲñܵġ
С
ҶԴǵؾܾջ󣬡ԼˣҪƽ
˵˵ĽҶ󻹲ҪúñŶҪһ
Цݣ·ŵ㣬صͷһģллҡ
Ҷͷֿһã˼Ц
Ҷ뵽ʲôղīʯ粻ǻôˡ
ղ˵֮ǰͳȥˡ֪ڵģЩΣȰ誶Ҫʲô֪ģҲ֪ǵ˲𣿡
Ҷɵͷ¶Цݡ
ҲֹǴͿռйصģ֪ҲֵܱĶ
Ƕ˵ˣŵ𣬡ռ鱨ʱôģԼȥʵö𣿡
ռ鱨õĪҶ죬ҡҡͷȻǣȥǲŲңҶԼ͵ġ
û綼ǶڽѾ˵ģҲȥҶһԸ͡
ڻ̲סһ
ܴͣѾС˵Լ֪ݣҲһ츳ˡ
ôôʣ
ûʲôһ˭֪ôϢ
Ҷ費ÿɷصͷŲŸճһܵĸȥдҵûܿл˼


 11 

ݸȻ࣬Ҫȥȴ٣յ͸ˡ
ҶҶʹ֮󣬲֪һ󣬻ҶĸȥɲȥһƷͨСӵ硣
ҶĸĴ㣬οͬʱʾԴȥμᡣ
μ绹˵ΪմմϲݴӰ첻ж
Ƚ鷳⣬ҶҶڲУȥԺ漸дҵȥϵ顣
ڶʱΪû׼һ¿ûлԼԺӾܹˣ·ÿҪĽڡ
ƺҲû뵽·ǣүСȥ̽ү𣿡
ѽˣûչÿǽЦݹºͣҶʱԶ챻ŵ£ѯʱ
ҲҪȥ翴ɣһɡ
ڷ˷ӣһЦǺǣУһ𡣡
ߵһ룬ͻȻүһֱϷҩϻӣСҲĿתѵҩϻʲôñϷ֪ģ
ô˵ֵ˵ҩ䣬ۣһȤӡ
͵˼ҩ䱻ˣҶ˵ĴȤЩ˼СȾһ㱡졣
һԵҶͻȻ裬˳õ½ǣ̫ˣ㱳
Ҷס֣С͵
תͷڣ峺͸Ĵۣͯŵ޹ɤܲܽҽ
ԭŲæĽŲͻȻסȵͬʱʶǰС
ԼҸΪϿηԵʣСֻһ򵥵ǳɫȹںڵͷȹͬɫϵɼ򵥵˫Ѿ١
򵥵ҲǴӹģֻϺ;°СϿѲ³Сڼе̶ܳȡ
ôܳСô벻ѧҽأ
ôţҲʳˡ
ҶûֱӾ;ܾ˿ղھ˳ʵҲǾʱ˽սġ
ϰ˶ȱġ
뵽лѧҽҶܺõۣ¶СɵС
Ϊܰ翴誶ҲһҲҿ
Щͷۣܾ˰ɣ뵽СеǲʶȤ־ڿǿҲ޷
СȥٿǿǣҶ˺ҶˣǶͬѧҽˣҡ
Լ˵Ļһ飬ûʲô©˲ŵͷᲽݼǰߡ
ȥ翴īʯСֵָ߶ˡ
æȥ
ڵʵǷڣڽڲŻÿ̽һҲͬˡ
Ҷ輸Χ߿ţʲôҩûһһͿʼʰ뿪
岻ȱ𣿡
ǲãĲ費̫úȡڸڰ֡
֮ǰȷʵúȣҶ︽֮ͣǰڿʸԼһ裬ֹ֮ǰȥһɹֵֹҩζ
Ϊ͸ĵϲų׼һĲ衣
֪Ϊʲôղû˵
Ҷҡҡͷе뷨˦գעīʯͽȥıӰһƤ뷨ղŵ¸
ĩڴؿ磬˵ʲôҵͬ𣿡
ĵϣĻûȰʲôֻеġ
ʲô
ֱ˵
ֱ˵ҶСЩظһ飬ǵﲻͬġ
رҶĸܰӡ
Ϊʲôﲻͬ⣬һῴǺ϶ͬġҶãҲԴɻؿõ
Ҷ迴Լյĸһۣſ̾
誶ûô֪ǲͬ⣬˵ģǵôá
ŻŵСɵ̧֣ͷ࣬һԣòãĲ취
Ҷ̧ͷ߶˫ۣͷ
磬۾ҲƯÿĵһۣº͵嵭ģ˸о
ãҵ۾ҲƯǰ˵ġҶһЩίΪʲô鶼Ҳ
ŸҲƯ۾ҵһģҶ͵͵ֹ
һԿţ忡üĿµЦ⡣
*
˵Ҫ˵Ҷ軹ûô˵²Եչ˵иʱƻ
ҪȾҪˡ
ӺվҶߵռмéУñֽϹ
Ҷĸ͸ĸҺͬСԼǵļͥ
ôֻ뽻ѵС˵ϸģҶ
Ҷ˵ģӦǰǰҶĸǰ˵ݸҶĸǾһܳġ
Ҳ֪ôԼŸɵŮܿ˾Ͳˣڶȥ밲ᶼûᡣ
û취ҶֻܿǰĻԼʱѧϰɰµػԭϵݡ
ȻӦֻǳڷŮûʲô⣬ҶҲĻķôõԴ
ҶŬƽ︸ĸżԼ˵İԣԼҪġ
ĸȻԼܺ;ǱнܹϵСﻮȥǰΪ˱⽫üദΪ˷ֹԼǰвп
Ҷ̾˿ԭǼҴôǱڵĵ˰
˵һСǲĵǹͷˣôһѿѡĶ˴롣
ҶʣеԥΣջȻ¡
ˣ
Ͷ˸̥źòڵĿӣֻٽ
ѹãҶתʧڿռͷ˯ȥ
ڶ糿ȥ밲ʱҶԿ巿ӡ
Ҫ˵ͱ²ˣ誶ȹһ³ߴ磬Ҫô·ˡ
֮ǰΪ̥СŵĻҲ٣巿ĶԼΪʺϴŵ·ûô׼ϴ·巿ʱġ
꣬ԺȥĻҲԽԽ࣬Щʺʽϴ·ҲҪ׼ˡ
ֻҪһ뵽ԼӶô㣬ˮ˵ĽϳҲһľ¿ɰĵĽͺڶڲס
ҶѾǰŪŲ⶯ЩͷˣҲҪ·ˡ
ǲСϵЦݲ䣬ھؾܾ
㲻Ҫ룬ϴ㲻Ϊ㿪ҲŲû·ˡ
ҶתͷüöĵЦС˺죬žһѾǰŪ
ϷʵЦתͱߴŮֲС
׵Ůôôİ
ҶѾߵİŪƲƲ죬õȻõġ


 12 

СùҪ𣿡
ҶҶһӣͼ󿴡
Ȼô˵ˣֺη
ãǳ̵ģʲôÿġ
ΪڲͬŻע⡣
ҶԹãԺôһͷ
֮ǰ·ʱҲȥҶĳߴ磬Ÿɴһһ¸ȵ£ﻹиĸ檵ĸҲҪ׼һݡ
˭֪ôжɣõ·һ뵽ĲĸģǸʲô·
ǮʹĥǸкܶǮģԭԮĵӲǮ˱ͲܵϢ
Ƕʱ䣬ÿ춼ԺﳳҲҪϯᣬ˼ãµҲûüã´ٴҲû
Ļ˵ҵôױ÷һͲ¡
ΪʾԼľģڶ̶ʱþװװõһԼãһרŸˡ
ǵʱ򣬾Ϳſվһ̫̫ӦǸϷˣΧΧˣǾС˵˾ʲôʧˡ
Ҷ͸ҶĸһᣬͱȥСһˡ
Ҷһҵ˺üС飬ҶҲʱ䣬Լһڻ԰ҿ
ԶͬСڿɫؾƬ̻Ƿǰύ
Щһʶôȴ̫Եϣ˵ˣҪǲô죬ǺΡ
ҶС㣿
ҶŷӦڽԼתŷǰˡ
ͯЦĵ㣬Ҹղ濴Ҷ˾ͲµҲڡ
ѽҶЩ˼һȦҲһ𣿡
ͯҡҡͷ߽̽ǣ֣ûŲɱ죬ͷЦҸܸˣҲҵѡ
ޣԹȻԺҪҽ㡣
΢½㣬誶ãλԺָ̡
Ҷ豻˵ĿָȾ̲סҲЦÿģλ㣬Сھָ̣Ը𣿡
ͯ°ͣ誶˵
ԣˡҲԥصͷ͡
һԴӣҶЦ¸¾Ҫ
Ҷ賯գգۣԼ׵İŸǽһ飬Ը𡣡
ͯºͺһۣᶨһ
£ϤõСÿʼģȻһطĺѣҪĵذӡ
ɢȥһ̲֪ðظ
ٵĽֵʱҶͬ͸֪ǲĴܸоڰпǡ
ɳ⿴ȥ·ֻмеصˡ磬㿴ʲô
ʲôҶų⿴˰ôҡ
ͷȥ
Ҷ迴ίͰ͵ĸ磬СƵ̾˿Ӧ˰ɡ
ҶָҶĸȥһͲٳˣݸȻ֪࣬ȥ͵ȴֻǼңȦԹ̶ȥҲˡ
ǸʱȥһȷѣڼıҩҲˡ
ʱ׼ȥμᣬѧϰһʱӦҲӦҶͻȻԼͦеġ
˿ܰѾһЩǰûйעϡ
ĸɹùںûиȥǿĵȥȻƶ顣
ǵ磬ѾʼÿҶԺż᳹ҹ顣
ڲμСǷҶҲܻش⡣
ҶֻԼȥˡ
Ҳ֪֪֪ؼסģϲ徲ԺڳݸⲻԶѡ˲סԺżĲȥ᲻Σա
ͷҶСء
ʱǰдЩʲô⣬йιЩΣվ£誶ȥ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷѾҵˡ
һ΢䣬誶żȥҽ壬һҪʦѧ
ǲղŵûشҶյͷ
żϲظԭ誶ԸԸ͸һȥԺӣ
ºЦߣҶ費ۡԺӣ
ţԺӣ򲻾õġ
뿴ѽ϶Ҳȥ
ҶͷҲգ
ǲŸտʼɣ涨ÿϿϢһ죬ԺʮǵûĻӦþ졣
˵˱裬תתеıӣͷ
뵽ʲôЦ誶ǺϲֲҩǸԺӿտյģԿɲĲҩ
ķϵĿյͦҲסʹá
Ҷе˷ֱܵҪЦһĻȣĿ𡣡
Ļ뾭ȥе鷳
ûѽЩôҪտĲҩͺлл硣
õһ޴ĺϢҶ輱Żȥôأ͸˱˳ܻԼԺӡ
Ҷߺв֪ʱָӰվڶһ˵
¿
ī㱧վţǰıӰ
һڶԼҩ裬Ѻȡ
²豭תֱī㣬ͻȻЦǺܺò𣿡
ī㿴ĥԵò԰׵ݣüǲ꣬䡣
ǻҪþã˵ǱʱҶˡ
īüͷø촽鶯£㡣
ЦЦҵ𣿡
Ժҵĸֻҵ
īֱۣɫ֣أݸƽٷȽϴ˻Ͳ࣬ҵƷйأÿƵĸǲס
˼Ƭ̣ǾͷſƣÿƵĿԺ
ǡ
΢΢ζٴλָһ˵дī
ܵ㡣
ıӰһ˲ĽӲΣЦһ


 13 

ۣĺô󰡣ʲôûСҶ˷ܺ档
ʹŹһȦԺӣ˲ŲСʱ͵˵ǻ԰ĵط
Ҷ迴ǰյһƬһòݶûеĻ԰Ŀɿڴ磬ǰס𣿡
µԺȡͤСһ·ιԺӿտյ
˲ߵŴ׻ļҾߣԼĸʮСˣʲôûС
ǰĻ԰ֻʣԭĵطֻʣ¼գɻĺɻεþ⡣
ҶֻʣŨŨľ̾ǰʲô˼סԺӡ
Ҳλһ·΢ЦƬ̵Ĺѡ
һοӵʱʵҲЩ˼ëı𾪵
СĻӰ죬Χ˽¶ôϵĹϵٱһƽ
һμʶҪôֱӵơµīʯ
īʯ΢ɼĶһ£Ѿ˼أīʯڵı黹Ǻƣ˱Թ֮ǰԺӻģԭ˼Ǯļº͵ǰң˭֪һʱûʱȵʱͱ⸱ģ
īʯԽԽߣһ뵽֮ǰʴլӱ񶼲ʺӣͺ޲֮ǰЦһĸ̡
С㲻˵Ҫֲҩ𣬿쿴
˵ԼԼ£Ҷ迴ǰĻߵĿյ۷Ź⣬ԾԾԡﶼ𣿡
ȻСеĿյءүôˣҲ˽Ժӻָԭӡ
ЩݲݷǮʱˣһôûУСЩõҩġ
Ǹɻغ԰ĵؿ𣿡˵ҶЩգڻûҪʲô
֮ǰû뵽Ŀյôֻ࣬˼֣ɻؾ־ռŻĺɻö࿼ǣҪĵǻ԰
Щżڿ쵽緹ˣǲСľᣬ
ŶԡīʯɫһԴС룬Ҫʲô˵ʱǼСæŪ
Ҷ뵽ոսʱǼݳɻ˵Ск΢ɵصͷ
·ϣѾǰ˵ĸмС˵
ǶڳСؤһֱ׳԰׺Ȳǰ취ͤС
ȻյլӲûʲôҪ
ղųɾǾôСĺӣǸɻǲǲصҲеиİȫУ
ҡεϣҶǾСֳȷš
ͤСʲôûУֻܵϾ¥Է
ֹͣһ֣ջһѵСŴظ
Уһ鿴ҶԼûϲ۽ŵ£Ҷ迴żһʵ⡣
ֱǰһ־ľŵһ飬æ⿴ʲô
ɱ
ɱңɱҰ
ܰӣܡ
һȺΧż򶷣⽣Ӱܿ˫ףϻǺռϷ硣
ƺǿĲУʼԼϵƽ·İջץ
ԭ͵Ľֵ̼ûҳӣ־Ľкڶ
һζʹīʯͷŬܾ˻Ǳˤöᡣ
ÿ
ī㲻֪ʱǰӹīʯס
Сĵ˳˵·ЩңīʯīĿСƵսıϡ
У治ԵȥӵȺһʱɢֻܶŵȡ
Ҷɰ˫ѾٴʱңǰԺмƷ˿Сӡ
վī󣬵ɴۿǰΣԽԽ
һ˫ֳǰסߡ
𿴣ϻ˯š
һԵīʯѧҲ²ֵҶߡ
ѾòˣǰҿҽԺ󲿷ʱ䶼סҽԺ˶ȥˣʲôӵĶУҪجҲˡ
ҶŸղſĻ棬磿
š
ôЩ˸ǻˣ
ţ˵
ãЩ·ĺҶѲǰֻ֣ķС̾
Ҷ豾ʲôЩĻоգ㲻𣿡
ʲôԺҲҪһһӢۡѹ͵ţʱ㲻ҪҲһ˱
ɢˣߡ
īͻȻ𣬴ǲԶĻжһѵˡ
ã
誶
һ˵µ֪ʲôʱ˹Ǻ˲°˿СҶһߡ
ƺɱۣܲ˵ľҪᣬ̧еĵҪͱ
Ҷͫ׵ӳŲϷŴĵ⣬ֻʣһƬհס
ѵ
һɫСӰӦ֮ʱУҶӱһֱۣʹٽĻ߱
ιȥ֮ǰĻҶֻμסһ˫ڵ˫ۣдһ˿ײĸ
صҵҶҶͬʱ˸ա
ͬʱ˲æýŲմء
ҹθһԸǿ׳Ľ˲ͷĺѵø̾
ˣҸæӵͽˡ
תԵǵҶ֪һһĸߵģ
ˣģүСһ念ʱѾһˣźܿܿ
Ҷһֱŵͬʱһ㣬ֻҪӻûûȫãǾͲȫġ
ҶⵣǵʲôʱѣҪעʲô𣿡
ӶǱŵˣҸǿ㰲ҩ˾ȸǳԵ嵭ࡣ
ڴҩֽʳд߶
Ҷ۾ʱͿһŷŴϵĺʯһ˫ĴģС򣬱档
Ժգգۣ촽˶磿ϧ̫Сû
Ҷ¶һЦݣ¶һŽ׵ݣŤͷӱߵ˴󺰣ˣˡ
ҶŤͷſﻹæϵı
һˮߵߵݸ
СﷴӦЩٻ̧ۿһ ˼ŽӹˮһڣȻڴڵ
ձӵݳȥŴŴɳƣҪȡ
ʱ̶Ҷһʱӣ
ղҶſŵĴߣСﲻӣַ˷Ķͷ
ͷ𣿡
ûˡ
ĺҶͷϲ˲䡣
ˮ¶ǣҶ辫࣬ȵ̥磬㲻Ҳ𣿡
ѽҽˡҶԾĵط϶̫ˣŲܺá
ֻǱȽϲ˯һ㣬ɲô˵á
ЦѲ˵Сɵӡ
Ҷ裺
˵̰˯ʲôο˵Ļɣ
 
 14 

ҹԺ
ذɷ£սϵ²ʲô𣿡
һ㣬²ˣٲȥҲнһҶü뵽Լ޹۵Ůʵ誶𣿲ج˰ɡ
ڶˣ˼جΣ誶պʲô¶ûˡ
Һ·Ҷǣߵǰ£Լ˸Ե˱裬⼸æŲ鰸ڼҲٳˣΪһ
Цؿһ֣صɷ򣬽ӹĲһ
ɺ뵽ղ£ﻹ̲סǣ鲻˼ֺ͹й𣿡
Լ֪ÿһ˵йؾǵ˺£鶼òãܻȾЩ衣
ҶĿӵ˫ۣ֪ʲôЩǱض㿪ߡ
֪ԭƽᾡܵĲ˵𾩳ǵ£ʱҲᾡ֪Ϊ
Ҷıӣ΢
ֻܲ鵽Ǽһ̣Ǹ̸Щϵ
йأûлΪʲôôʳԼɻĵط
֪
Ҳ
ҶûнĲ²˵ºͻʺǹѵֶ롣
ô£Ҳ֪սôˡ̾˿
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Ҷͷ۽ϴһĶѥЦ¡
һߣҲ̸¡
ڹйĻʺõϢҶ鵽Ҫϸ
һĿʮеؿ갵ţŵϵֽȼ
ڵȼյš
ī㿴ų꣬ûʲô뷨𣿡
ǹ˸еӰˣʲô뷨
λеܳ
еλƷлãûȨĵλлȫȻܱȵġ
ολһֱӻʺռΪжд̣޲֮ܳ죬׶Ӷͷ
Ȼʽǽ˵£ЧҵľֻǵˣǱҪȷµĵλȹ̣Ϊϸλʵۡ
ÿΡ
Σ˻ỳ 
游ǰ´ֻ֣Ϊ֪ؽ¾д˶ΪԼڻʼҵıԺĸ󶼲ỳ¡
Ҫôױֵ֣˾ͲȻˡ
ʰϵĶóһĹż̧ͷһۣڸӦȥǸΪʲôɱ˭ģΪʲôҪɱ
Լݱ¶ˣֻй¶һϢĶֻǼ򵥵ĸ̺ͼֵĿܿų
ôٵĽ֮ΪʲôЩ˵ĵأ
īüվԭصһûҪ˵ˣֻܳĬ˰
飬ͷҲδ̧ٴȴŵĹģĸһӲܸıʲô
*
ת۾͵¶ʮ̥ա
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ǵʱһֽڿһߵҶں죬̸ݺǰʲôʷҶֻ䡣
С
ҶƳվмСӰ ͣ»ͷǰʾ£תͷЦؿǡ
ҶԱĵС׵Һý֮ǰѾǾˣôû𣿡
Ҷ賶˳ʾú˵
Ҳ˰۵ı£ÿαÿһλǻ᲻ļ
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Сӣһ㶼֪˼һ³ӣȻùɿɰ
񿴸꽻ûֳЦ
Ҳ׼ϲϲ
ҶҶһͿ϶ѵһĸӣҲв²ǲǽҶӸղŽ˺üΡ
ʱҲڴ
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ڳĶ׽ļˣûôҪǹЦʾǴ򿪣Ҫȿһ
˲Լͬȴ򿪸ĸ͵Ĵӡ
ҶĴǰڵһ׾СɵܽΣӨɫԲָܿϵĲףľϸ
СЩ᲻Ųˡ
ȻǹһԵҶͻȻ˷ܵؽҲйˣҪӢۣ
Ҷ迴ȥ˷ܵرСľ֣˹ؼӲľôĥùϬţƳɡﻹмûп׼
ڵļ˱˵ķӦЦĵϢԺӡ
ѳϲеӣûء
ûҶҶĸôأ͸Ҷһīɵ⣬ϵҪܶࡣ
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Ҷ費ʱ͵鼸۸յֵ󾵣ܺãڲٻԼǺˡ
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˵͵ģǼҺü˶С
Ҷ費֪жˣⲻƷĴѡ
ж̣ͨпûеĶ룬˵³ɽء
Ҷһ˳緹ȥ칫ˣϾֻǼﺢһգôæʱһϵʱǲס
֮ҲϰλٴȥžҪعҶӡ
ϾһգҶμ˺üϯ߸С档
˸Скһ̲סңشԼдѵİš
ԺоĹǵСҲ½
ҶԼͯºͺȥԺ
ڻԺͻȥǡ
誶֣ԺԽԽƯ
Ҳף誶֣ԽԽ
һҶķ䣬С˸£ʹѾù׼õ͸
Ҷһ˲ŷӦǿĬ˵Ҫһ˵
ӣͯԼϣƵǰ棬𿪿Ҫ𡣡
һ𡣡
Ҷƴ˴֣ҪͲжȹˡ
ͯ³ĺһѷɫһɡ򺬰Żȫʢһ׺ɡıأƯ
ÿɣҿרŶġ
ͯ¼ϲNɪ
˾ֻǸƷةĸȴ̼֣޸ʱ˲ƵļױڼǿӵĲܹô󣬴ҲΪˣγޣûнϳš
֮ǰʱͯԼ˵ʲôҳͯͨг޵ֲ֪
˵ﶷ¾͸Ƶģһ߲
Ҷͺû˶̲סҪơ
ҵԼĺɰû¶ôأ誶òҪ
¶㿪ʼԼɬȴûһ㼵¶˼
ɰ
ΪԵؾϲǰҪ׼ͯ´ʱ漫ˣϲװĶɼӿ졣
˵ѧˣһûκζء
ĺɰڰգͯºҶ費Լͬ¶ʰ·ı顣
ΪʲôĻô񻨣ľһűѪ
ͯذѺɰݻҶ裬ĽС誶ܵһյСĺɰ
½Ҫ´Ҳһ
죬ǲǿͯͻȻˡ
Ҷ迴žС㣬̿ǻȥ׼ʲôԵİɣǿ϶Ҳˡ
СŻȥԺӵСǶ׼˲ͬĳʳΪ˷ССүһĵĿζ
һд⣬ӴǰӻԼӵļҳһ㶼ûоۡ
û뵽ĺӹյķС˳ȥݸΪСӹһȳ


 15 

չ󣬾гŵʱˡ
ѧҽϲһ££ٲ¸һ㶼ԲԼϲ
ڶһ磬Ҷվڳ¹ǰССڿ¹ǰһ㶼ơ
ܴ·һһóϱȻЩᣬ˪ļȹҴȽɰЩҵһ֡
һµദ˪һ֮ǰƵӣЩãʱͻȻʵȻһͷˮʶһ䣬С㣬˪Сһֱܹɿɰ
ҶҲôõģģǾԵøӻÿɰ
Ҳ֪ô·ѽҪæ˪ԼһڿյС㣬ٿ¹һɫľ·¶ɫ
˵СôͻȻҪˣ
ԺĽ˵ԴСԺһֱҪС磬Сǲϣ˵ԼﵱȻҪôô
ҲûС˵ҪŰˣ
СҽҪ£ȻҪ￴˳۲ſá
ˣɡ
ҶѡһˮɫĶԽȹƺϲɫӣÿһȹӣͻ§
ÿŮ͵һ̶ȶȽϲ۷ۻߴϲζɫ
벻پ£Сۣһ˫ԲԲ۾峺͸ˮ⣬ֻҪһ޵ĺɫɫϵĲͳõӳģõɫ¶
ʵҶ裬ÿ˿ʱʵһ࣬һֻû˸Ҹ˵Ͼֻʸôˡ
ÿһ׸ÿ춼жԣҪ׹ﲻϲɫǶԴɫŮжӴǲ 
ҶûȥõʱϵԺȻҪ˵Ǿһ˵ˡ
ò׹йٶȣɲܷá
һ˵⣬Ҷ۰ŮϸһЦв˵
һӵҲϵû˵Уһζ誶ǵԺǿСҩ𣿡
Ҷͷɣǵõġ
еظԼ˱裬˹һڲŵʱͲµôһ졣
СŮΪôһܴӦѧŮҪɲöעҪ֪ŮʱһֱҸŮʦ
û룬ŮҲͶһǸģԵӲ뷨
ǿؿʼ֣СŮԸĽƺкܴȤȥʱȥ̽ʱ
ϹҲ෴ܴԺ󷿼ﱻǼйҽ飬ԼҩҩִžﻹԼŮʲô
ۿűˮζĲ裬͵Цſôͣϲ¶ֺ
Ҷ￩һ£̲סЩڴ
Ȼв룬ûԣǲϣ
СǿƲס΢΢ǲǲѽ
һҲû˵ͬⰡ
Ҷмһ򱻼˳ţûʲôеƢҲ⣬ˣ֪ԭ򰡣
ҽŮλ΢ܻȥʵʱû֮⣬ʲôû뵽
ӢҶ֪СŮСؿԼҷһۣ£ɿһģͬҾͲԡ
ʱˣȥˣʲô»˵
˵žվ·Ů֮ǰЦգգۡ
ҶСС˿ϴ֪ˣԭ誶òá
۲˶סͷĳ嶯ˣ
ҡҡ
ְ΢ȹǡ
ûмʱ˵Ҫʲô粻Ȱ㣬ǲǻһӡ
ġСʹͷûʲôƵС͡
ʵѧҽҲǲССȻ̧ͷһղŵĽŵкžϲЦˡ
СŮڻҲѧҽ²ٸκˣ¶Ҳ˵
һġҶСʽͷǲѾܾϲˣҪȫԺԲơ
ǾɣݽΪʦڸ̸
ûˣҶЩӦҲ̫˳ˣ
ô誶ѵࣿ
Ҷ軶һûûУˣ誶ϲˣұ˾ܱƯҩࡣ
ѵһˣǱߵ̬ҶʱʱˢڸеĹ£ҪҪոͽܱ˳СѾͷܵͽܻ˭
ʦɹҶ迪ʼطܵӣʱҪŽڳȥҩÿ춼æµӡ
ڻСѧϰŵʱ仹ŵĿиɵʱϲ£ٳЩž͸æˡ
ʵǹúܿ죬ʱת۾͵İĩ
ҶڴӷͤСϣŸװʲҩ¨ӣ˫ķ
ֱ֪ײʲôһŻȻ񣬿һ߿Ҫ磬¸Ժ᲻żѽ
֪ôˣ
Һ͸¸¿Ҫȥס
԰׵¶ȵɫΪʲô
Ҳ֪ÿʱҪȥԺסһ£ʹΪʲôǶ˵
Ҷ΢΢ͷвԼʱʱĻ棬Լǿɵɫ
Ҷ⵱ʱɬƺѹӣȴƺҲɻԼΪʲôôڸʱȴ˭֣ǼÿһεĴͳȫһǱʶΪ
ۣŨܵ۽ڸеǲȥ𣿡
ҶҡͷȥһֱڼҲĵģ˲ܳ⣬Ͳϲ
ؼÿǽɽϣɽϿ£ʹʢȵʱɽϵķҲˬġ
Ⱦˣϵķ綼ųʪȡ
ǰڻ˸ʱǼԺȥζû壬ǿѵܳſĻᣬһưǵһȥȻȤ
ǰµСкüѧϰˡ
ȥԺסһµĻͼʦˣҲһˡ
뵽һ¼Ϥ˺Ҷ͸оеʧ䡣
һȥǵġһġ
ȻǷĿԶˡ
ţ
Ҷ±Ƶؿ˶硣
Ϊʲôһ֣أ
ѵֻȥһܺõĳĻ
һƽһ㣬С̽ǾիܺóԣȻûˣʵõĳԲ
ؿС·˺ܾãȻһЦ
£Ҷ趼˵ˣȻЦݾһ
ܿССԴţʱҸǴóԵĸ㡣
 
 16 

ɹùôҲˣ
ưڳݸ⣬˳ǣҶ迴ʵ
˵һϸС檣ĸһµʱﲻǸӦץһл
ôǼϵĸɹùãʵϵ׼ﲻƣ˸Ͷĸţ
һʼʱģĻżҶ֪ϢȻǱϵֳӦù̵ܽɽ㡣
Ҷ㣬ƺѾûϢˣĸаˣ
ԼҪģеԼŵĻŵһ𡣡
ۣǲǺܹҲ뿴
ſڳҶͷ
ȻûУ￴ôȱǮ𣿡Ƴһۣһ뵽Ļ滹ǾȤͷתس⣬Ҷҵǲ̰Ľ𣬿Լʡڼ鷳
ھÿһһʼʱЩ죬ʱһǶʲôС
֮ǰǼ಻Ѿ߾ҵƽգһⶼƯҲͬʱһĶЩһѾǰݸʱôô򷢡
Ȼ鷳˵㣬żǰ󳳴ҲܷĿǰΪֹûиǳʲôӣҲţһ졣
ԼɷԼĽҲĥһ޹С
Сүɽˡ
ҪȥҶȴڳڳİڵվ
ȴȽ̧ȥȻȥǰĸֽԺʰ
ɽԼȥʱܵ
飬ȥǱ߹ͼη򣬴誶ȥ
Ǿҳǰ׼õİţȻϢʱҪá
һΪָӣһԸȥʮҶѾִеĶɡ
׼׵ˣŴһ˫ŮѾ̤ʯףԶĸ̧Ρ
ưµʯ׺ܳһӦǿǵʯ˳Ĵÿһξ뻹˸Сͤӡ
Ϊ۵˲̧ܻΣǲûһСͤӶҪͣϢ
ãԺֵĲݡ
Ҷڲݴ쳤ӣͤ÷С֡
ѾϢĵڶͤˣճ˼㣬Ҷౣּս߽ס
Ŀһ֮ľ룬ջǾܾʲҩջ̲ס߹ȥˡ
㿴ʲôǲǺֵǸʲôһ
Ƕѣ˵ġ
ѱҰѡɽᣬǹľлѪɢʹãÿƵ˺Ͷ
һйĳϣûгȴһƳ򽭣ݸ򽭵ΣӦǱȽټԺֵǼϴģÿռˮ˺ܶβѿû뵽ưɽϾȻС
磬Ҫˤ˿ԽҶӻ߹ʵŪ˷˿ϡ
ŶҼסˡ
ҶؿСüۣʵЩȤ˵ǿ϶õġ
һòҩҶ谴ͲסظתһȦҿһ۵ܣҲ棬ֻҪ߷ΧûʲôΣվУҲܲ˶á
Ȼ˲ӣҶҶ۵ʵʵظڴ󲿶Ӻ̵Ųš
ѹԸʱʱո磬ʱкܳһʱȴ˵ҪܵɽͲµǻɡ
Ҷ̧ͷͷԽԽɹ̫ǰ滹ܸߵʯףƵСһš
ǶʯԵƣɽưµʱߵֻ̫ʣ°ˡ
۵ͷǣǿˡ
ȴ誶ȥϴԵ㶫ȥϢ˵
Ҷ贩ԽһξôֶֿʣԷʱ˲Լ˲һˮ

ûӦ̫˯Ѱɡ
ҶԼһյƣתһȦûӦеǽʰʱæˡ
Ӻ濴Сӣ˵éòԶԼȥӦûɡ
Ź߻谵͵ƣҶŵ١
ž

ҶСӽӲȷԼǰղһӰӰϷɵϵ֡
͵΢ЩҶ΢΢ţЩѣڲ֪ӦǼźܻȥţֱӵʲôûԼé
ֱ봩ظղŽȰʳԼ
ԥĵʱ򣬺ӰѾ֪һ˫΢΢ű졣
С
ܺӦò
ӦҶ躹ëˣʱʲô
ѵص˵ͷ
ƺһſס֡
ҶתͿոЮ˻˻κȻվ
Ӧòʮ꣬һ£Ҳһڲţֻһ˫۾¶˳
Ҷ費֪Ϊʲôо˫۾еϤЩС
϶Ĵ
ƺ̫ãŵϵѪζǹʲô£ҲܲãҶɪɪš
СС̽ιҪʲôҿ𣿡
˲ȷĲٺ˺ֱߵղµǿ£Ӳݴһѳ
ҶƬ̻û߿߻ʱһ䣬Ҫץҵʲôʱ򰡣
пյӡ
Ŷ﷿ɡҪҪҴȥû˺˼Է˵ġ
ǵԺӲ󣬳˳﷿в֮⣬Ӷסˣ﷿ŵһЩ֮࣬ѾʰˣʱӦûٵ﷿Ҷ
Ӧûס
ֲ˵ҶֻĬˡ
ϵ͵ϣ͵ڸղűסʱڵϨˣֻܽɫ·Ϊ˱챻һҪ鷳
ҶԼ·ţΧģʵǹ졣
̲סûһҪһֱﲻ𣿡
ûӦ
˺𣿡
ģһκµġ
书ǲǺ
Ϊʲôϵ

ոЮҵʱΪʲôûõҲϣ
ҷҺе㲻Ү
𡣡ͻȻҲԽԽ߶ԴԴϵ⡣
ʾ䣬õȴǳ
Ҷ㣬ȴǱһСؿڶ̧ͷЩȣͷոջµòеɵЦһˣû
ȥɡ
ҿ𡣡
ҶŻع龪ϲȻڲ˵֤˼ҲᷴڰոıŵˣԶ뿪ûԶá
Ҫȥé𡣡
ŵһеСæסӣˡټ
վԭؿıӰһӳܲסֻ˻ʱ΢΢˽ıת﷿ 
 
 17 

ڶһ磬賿ʱｫҶѣǳ˵Ⱥ࣬ʹȥݼưµ֣ưһʵǮֱǰ
ǽĲпʵҶ趼ˣưסһ¿ɲĶġ
ÿ϶Ҫһ㣬𴲸ȥǰ
һ꿪ʼҶѾʼڷǰֻסĴڷü䣬ǽеļξͱѡԺԵˡ
ֳһֻ꣬ϸ
ȷʵǼ񣬵ҲŸֻ꣬£ÿܻȥϢ
ҲΪ˶˵ԣİºð㣬һ⽫һ硣
ưµޣչҶľֻ˪ڵ緹װϢʱҲԻԼϢˡ
Ҷһ̽س溰һȷû˲ŴӴԼ·ЬɢͷԼŪ˾ֻܲˡ
Լרװİ﷭͵͵ͷ׼ȥ
͵͵ȥһǸĺ껹ڲڡ
ôʱûٳ֣Ҳû˺еκˣҶѾʶ鵽޺һࡣ
ȥ֮˫Ϥ˫۾һֱ̻Ժоþòɢȥ
һͻȻ뵽ϴڽϴӷĻнµ˲Ҳôһ˫۾
˼ľˣǸ̿ҲǸõĴ̿͡
ʶǸɱĸһҶж˷ɵĽɫô̿ǧӾɱ˿϶ǻˡ
ûھʿϢҶˡ
ҶЩԼͷš
ͷﲻעʣĸóģȣǱݵʱӦûθڣͷʣĺܶ࣬Ӧòᱻ֡
ߵſվȵĻ棬ֱܻӽСˡ
ڻ۹·˷Сӹس﷿ƶ
ľš֨ѽһ򿪣ڵۣϳСӰʶս֡
ʲô
Ҷ豧Ŷ׵뿿ǽǵߣѽ
ʹƻǲֻܴ¶һ˫۵ϿʲôЩʧûˣΪʲôϵĲ𣿡
㡣
ŶǾЩʲô°ɡ
תת۾ҶֺõĳЦЦͽ϶ûԶɣ
شԹԵؽİŵϴ򿪣Ҹ˳ԵŶȻֻͷ㡣
ֱŤͷҶյӣǰǰ˵ݣ㶼𣿡
κֶٵе˶Էûֻ΢΢ɥˣҰϣԼðɡ
ҹ׵һᶼСж̲סعͷȴߴٵôߡ
ͿС۾һֱ࣬ڽϵ֣鷢㶡
˽Ӳʲô¡
ҿ֡
ſ
ϧҶ֪ͬ⣬ڻ˵ڵʱѾԼץ
Ȼжˣ
ѹղֶûѿ϶ǶѾӵһ̶ȡ
ҶǰȴȻ̧ͷкԵߡ
ƭң
׳ҧгζָҶһͷˮûѽ
˳յľſȥһͼٴδ򿪣дܽһӰ
ӰСؿ˺һۣСһá
Ҷǳ˳飬ɫŲӽ棬Ťͷ̶ǰɢűϢǸԲҲ֪Ҹں棬ûиκ
Сۺκϣҹ۲΢û˵ߵѹ͵Ϣȴ˲١
ҶĿǰڣʵʵˣҲսȥõʱÿ͸ˣڸʲô
ҵ»ȥٸ߸òá
ǱڵĳͻˣҶץ˵֣ĵ˿ڳϡ
ĵ˿ǱˣƤ΢΢ⷭܿѾ׵ļ֯ѾðѪ˿ڸƤȴ췢ϡ
ѵжôˣ촽ȴûбϡ
Ҷֱ˵ϣ˵ַԼϥϸ
ʦʱ˽ҩѧŰ͸Ϥ˰룬Ȼ֪ʶΪ֣ʵΪҽ֪жҲʲô
̵̥ˣǰ˵ôƣҶԼôļ̽˺üΣȷеĶûȫ뵽ԼҲܾȡ
ʲôûǸ±ˣŴĶҩܱϳľֻеĺ׶졢ϳǼ֡
ҶִӰһС﷭һС״ƿ˿ǽҩ
óһɴһСƿݸꡣԵģʦ˵ܽöֶⲻҲѹƣҲ֪ʲôӦöá
װĶѧҽҪõĶ治ʦ׼ҩƷѹڶصĸֽⶾҩУҲʦϰ˸׼ҩʶġ
Ҳʶʡ취Ҳҩ鷳ã˵Ѿˡ
Щʱҹ׾;ؿûٳֹѾʶܾҲûãҶ֪شŲá

ҶСֳϥϣֿһԼĽС¶ı飬Ȼе󣬵Ҳϸ
ŪҵСʰԭվΪͻȻվѪ㵼ͷһ˲βȵػ˻Ρ
һֱɫµĴţһֻõȴ˶
áҶĵػһ
ޣûµģҪҪñˡ
Ҷȴָܿ͸﷿ССĴɫ߼ԭصĸ
ֿɫ԰ŵҹף磬ͷҪǵóŶԱ˲ָ塣
Ҷһۣϵŵͷһŵҹ׵Ļ˵ĶԣҪǲϲĻ´Ҳ͵͵صĸ㡣Ǹźóԡ
߳ſǰҶͻȻͷ磬Ҳñܵģ϶˵Ͳõ
š
ΪԷʲôӦҶӦһ£̲סĵЦ˻֡
ֱΧٴȫָֹ˺óʱ䣬Ĭ˶
仺̧õ֣˰Σһֻͷһһ̵ҧš
΢ĹߴխСĴ͸Ͷ΢ͷרעųԵϣ·׽գۼлǵ㾧Ө
 
 18 

û˯Ľһ綼û
չ˵ﲻ֪͵ܳȥϢ̫ϻ˯ţͽɻشϵ
֪ƽʱϲ棬ԸѾߴڸߡ
СѣæһһûϢ۾ҪˣҪѾߴȥ
ҶʱĵطûĸȽϰʺ˯ġ
ȥֻ뵽ЩʯԵСͤӣ֮䣬ڲʱȫõ˴š
ؼǸͤסﲻԶĿǰҪһط
תͷŴǳ飬¶һı飬㣬ȥЩСͤ档
׸Сĥ˵ĵı£˵Ĳ뿪ԺΧھͿԵͷͬ⡣
Ǿôò˻ҪϢǸСͤӽʯһξ룬֮һ䣬һС·˴͹ľ
鱻ҶҪ͸׽ԲأŲ͵͵Ϊʯ״ĳڴ
һʱ䣬̧īʯī˽ȥǵʱһ۾Ϳ˵ϷһſʯϣһͤӵһСһһó˯ú㡣
鳯εЦ£үСӦˣȥǡ
⻭Ҳ΢ȴЦҡҡͷãѰɣӦǺ˲Ż
һ£ҲϢͤӱɨúܸɾΧҶ˷óҩۣŵҩζš
īʯԶ˵ͤţϢīŴȥʰסĵط
һʱ֮䣬ͤΧֻżԼɽ紵ʱҶɳɳ
Ҷ˯֮ǰʾһᣬʱֻ˯СʱԶѹˣԺ۾һΧôƵһӦ顣
͵͵Ұ˯ʲôƺҪĴҹӦ£ڵ廹ǸСƨ˷ˡ
ڶӦǾϲˡ
ʯ߼ߣ磬ôҲˣǵ𣿡
ΪҲҪȵԺڵķżأû뵽˼һ׼˾ϲ
һ¡
㲻ȥԺϿˣ
Ҷ⻰꣬ͻȻ뵽һ⣬鵣ǵؿĲҪ𣿡
ͷʮءż
Ҷ˵ʱѹˣһֱ˵ʲôһõĻҲʯһ
뵽ϴκȥ̽ΡСҲϴܴӴ𣿡
Цţ԰׵Ͽһ㼴ٴԲʹĥ
ҶתתͻȻָҲ㿴ˣ϶κãȽ
Ҷ裺濴
ȴͬѽã˵誶ñ׼
˶һӣҶȴˣʦʱҲ𣿡
ʦ˵ѧʱ츳ʱҲѧļɣԼǲİ
һô죬ͻ״ô졣
Ҷ趼ˣɤ΢΢磬Ҫ㻹һŻȥʦҲɡ
漸죬Ҫ⼸컹ǾԼٰʦߵվͤߡ
ŵ٩Ҳ뻹û漸ͱʦȥɽҩɡ
˵Ҳûиݡ
ʱദʦ˽⣬ʦ˼ҿ϶ưµĺɽһ飬Ի˲ҩʵֻ˸ϲûоκμӹʲҩ
Ͼ˵ԼСͽӵҩ֮īʯˣҲҪһš
Ҷ˵ʲô
һ£Ҳطȥ˿ңҸǽ¡
֪Ϊʲô˵ʱҶԼԼظоС꼸ûйġ˷ܣ
ͻСԺͻָ°ŵһԺӡ
īͿڵµϢѾˣҽǷڷϡ
Ƴһۣܸˣ
ī£ͷǡȻ˵ǰ㡣
Ŀ޲ÿɷ˼ɢ̾һ䣬µĵܵȷʵ㡣
۽¶ɫҲͣҲȥϢɣǽȥ
ѵô·廹ۣǰϵһֽһſٵȥ
ֻһƽΪʲôҪϢ
ֽдĶЩӰ˵ϢĻ綫֪·˱˴͵ӵԣֵĺ컨¥ĻϸߣٱϽֵĶʩ͵ھӵһֻ
ЩдϢּֽ壬ʼһЩӵֱúɫȦʾ׾Ϳд֮ʶֲ䲻
гһЩּܿóõķһߡ
ʣļûмֵĴֽ΢΢ü
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ڶ磬ȡĽѵҶѾߣҶ͵͵شһѵĸȥ﷿Ǹ˵Ĵ硣
ҶСﵽ﷿ſڣ˿һƿžͼԭڽĺ겻Ӱ
䰲ûһ˴ĺۼ·ǵĵֻǳһ㡣
ԭԥ˺ܾãǽװ˸ֽ۵һϡ
ҶԼۼ²ɣ˵Ǵ̫ԼȥҶء
ǾԼԵĸ϶ͷ֮ĶóԣҪǴܳһ
ÿǸˣܾǾˣΪֻǲһʱͲͳԵˡҪҲԵĻֶô졣
ԲһҪǵŶֻЩ
ӷ̽ͷȥȷûˣҶػͷٿһǰ㣬ٵس˷䡣
СӰʧһ̣﷿ݺ߳һӰȻһֱʵʵĵҹס
ͬǣʱѾĺɫȡ¶һԴĺ鲨ӡ
Ҷϸܿǰ˫Ϥ۾ʵЩƣֻΪеĸԼϱĵʣʹü۸ӷ顣
ã˵׻᲻
ҶԼ˵ĩ̲סСֹ
ǽٹȥɣҪЩԵûȻġ
Ҷ˵ţȴ̲ס
ʱʵоֻܲһֶô򵥡
һƺصøҲֻ²ⲻȷ
ѧ˼̽ж϶ĽβȷΪʦ˵츳Ż⡣
´μһ£û뵽˼ѾǶˡ
Ҷֻܰţ´һҪס
ǵģһָоǻΪһŮԵĵС


 19 

ҶóʦһҩݴȫúðʱеĲҩԼмǵõִҩһ¡
ڵʱйʷ̫еҩҩʱغϣʱõŪ鷳ˡ
ɫȴҪƵʱ򣬷ʧȥӰҶͻȻȻī˰
Ҷ˸߲ҵǰ׵Цöţãȥɽ档
һٴٺ첻ȥôҪϵȥ
һ꣬磬Ҫȥѽ
֮ǰ˵ưµĺɽиطϵʱкܶө档
ө棡 
ԽǰסڼҽԺûЩ˵ֻȾ֮صĴȻ飬֮ҲֻԼԺмǼֻɾǼֻҲǸһõ顣
˵ܶģ϶ͲֻͨĶˡ
ȥǵһ¡
֮Ҳܿ綼ӫĻˣ
ҶȲԼϷûʼɽó϶ܶ࣬˰һ㣬ҩʲôҲ١
ϧûҪǲ㣬뽫ֽҲȥǻ续ļôã֪ܲƾż仭
ɽȥ·᫣һǳһߵúҶҶСȣһ͸оˡ
û𡣡
ˡ
ͬʱתһɽʯǰȻ
һ΢ݵɽȳǰɽлֲдУһƬөӳ¶޺һλõɫʡ
ǵӫƬɽвϻط裬ڻľ֮䣬ľһֵ̱쾡¡
ļڣɽлôʢʻֱ漣
ã
Ҷ֪ʲôʱ򽫲ϵī˳ʱ˷ܵؿļϣǻִ󺰡
ã˺úÿ
Ҷ費ɽȣվɽб±ȽϿĵطߴһЩȷʵҰӿ
תͷִԲڴĹâ磬ҿ𡣡
ӣɻǵīʯ˵ģүֻǲ书ʽ
ЩΣ΢΢ʾ˺󱳡
Ҷ赽׹˼꿴ǿ׳壬ʼСزҶһᷢûгǿŷĵسľС
īʯһת۾ͼΧֻʣԼһˣֻĬĬشĵһԵȥԴͷ羰
ɽһʱֻɽ紵ֲ쪵졣
Ҷ迴һ䵽ͻȻһ
磬
ļһؾȲسǰȥ;оһƬڽө棬׷Χߡ
ڱԼķȫЩӫⷴǱԵһߡ
Ұ󡢹βݡڻжĻƶž顢ӡ߲ݡΪʲôôвҩ
ôˣ
Զ˷ĲԾæ߹ʡ
ҶڵСǣأҲŷֲﶼǿҩģĶǺҩݡ
Ұижҩüֲֵﲢϡ棬ȻҲרԲҩΪĲҩˣʦҲϲɽܡ
ôɽȴҲκһͨġûҩԵֲǾͺܲԾˡ
Ҷ¶ȴǾӴҩģܿе˼
ڷӦ˲ëȻ
īʯ˻˶ϲðļƤٿղŻúƯĵطʱ·ڿʲôֲĶɽȾǸʲôطôɥĲ񣬶һôöû˷֡
ī㽫ڻҶ£һɢ飬ü²Ϊȴɡ
Ϊɽеľɫֻͬ˵ԴкβͬͲиʶЩҩ˷
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ѵ˵ôһ仰óƬɽȵȤʵ
ԭرϲҩҶСվ᲻ߵС鲻ЩΣ誶Ҫʵϲ´Ҳ׿òá
ǺðɡҶӦվʱ򻹷ǳ˳ֵس˼ֱߵĲҩ
¶ɵЦݣǹȴ⼸ûȥ⼸档
´϶ҲҪܹͬȻɲߣ鷳Ҳ˼´ָǶˡ
緢ԽԽ֮ǰԤҲԽԽأ֮һڣʮʱ䡣
ʱǰҲĲ˳š
ʦֲߣԼá
ȥ֮ղûκľֻī㰵а˴̽ưºɽɽôһƬɽҩݶݣưе˲ӦûһϢŶԡ
Ҷȥÿһʱǰ𣬾ÿ취Ȱ˵ʦš
ҲԼͣоֻһ˪ʹöܵģҲһôԼ˲㡣
СвʱҶżǶݡ
Լֶ뿴̬еż
磬㲻ΪǰûгξͲ÷ѽʦܰʹࡣ
˾Ͳܺ¿򣬲Ȼ͸׺ˡ
ݳֱۣεȰ
ҲǺ£ǻ𡣡
Ҳֻ꣡
˵Щط
Ҷ裺
ۿҪΪⳳīʯʱŽ
λү誶С㣬ڹƺʧˣ
һֱԱĵҶͻȻ۷Ź⣬ڸɹù𣿡
Ѿÿܶˣÿݱǳĵغõľ档
ССҶУһεʵǺģŲīʯ˵ˡ
ô죬СùòˣǲҲҪȥң


 20 

ΪǴ˲࣬ԷǾһ˭ڶܿһ
ĵһ;׼ʱ֣ϢҲɣѾ߰ҹҹܿ˯ѳҶԣҶѹٴΣ޿ء
ѾǶϢ֪żһͲӰٴС֡
Ҳ͵İʧٴ죬û˷֡
Ϣ壬ǰûԺ쿪ʼһ˳ϢѾ˰춼Ӱŷ˲ˡܻҪòܷʧ١
ʱı֣ʶء
ѹһʼҪư£֪ҲûҪȥ
˼Ҵưµ쿪ʼѾ߻˽ʧ١
ҶһûûȱԵĴģûΪݴĥΪշḻļױ֮Եܲӹ̹ʵ벻ʲôôľܡ
һʧ٣ǸݵӣҶҵʱͷöذĴɢȥңҲ֪ȥ˻ڲưµķΧڡ
ЪϢĿ϶˴վһߣôˣ
ʶɨһ۶վں廹ﲻһҪ˵ưҲоͨҽĴ԰㿴ġ
ҡҡͷĸģǴҲȤǹˡ
ﻹҪõҡҲľ;ܾǵ顣
˼ôһҪ治뱻ҵôҲҵҪҲҲСùõùԺԿ˾ͻԼˡ
Ҷװɻʳؼ⣬Сùʧ٣֪»᲻˵ǲϲСùãϳȥˡ
Ͼǰųȥμ˲ᣬȻҶ֪ĸãЩоķǲ벻һ˼οòĹǱǵĺϸϢû
ʧٵϢй¶ȥѲµݸе˻ôڮ֪ˡ
ǰڴһǵĶŮֶһӵˣ̾˿΢΢
Ǿ鷳誶ǳȥˣҲҲûйϵǰȫҪ˾ͻ
СԺվһ·ĸ𣬰ѾĹƹȻˣʵǶ˲ûʲôͷ
ȥǰÿʼɡֻԥһ˲;ֱһȥ
Ҷں棬ȴѡ̫ͬﲻǸմûпСùõĻӦòɡ
Ҷȴ۾֪ΪѾÿ³УǸǻ࣬Сù˵ǲȺˡ
誶
ҶȻ򣬡ţô
īʯߺߣڵ˵ʱˣҲүĺܴ
ĸʮĺһʢķǰһ·ͣͣΣ⾰Ϊעġ
·ϵʱҶ˼Լͣ
תͼĺСһؿǣ߸źЦǵĺηˣηվһȥμʱͨзˡ
ʲô𣿡
ҶջߣһϹǸղ׷һֻˣ̫࣬һգҲˡ
ԭ֮ǰ˵Ҫסһ£ҸոջŻ᲻㣬û뵽׷ӳˡ
ССõЩģǲģҺȥһ£ΪҴһʱѧ·ĸҲҪǾһˡ
ϵԱ˳׵ġ䡣
С¶صͷߴ˵ˣ㻹ǿȥܵСӰɣ͵߾Ͳˡ
վһԵҶҼһۣܾǸܺÿС翴е㲻ˡ
ƺѧϰУʱ
Сӣø˵
Ųţ
ǰԽԽ٣ҶǱ˵ӰӣֻӶû
ųӰӸ󣬻ɢۡ١ɥ
磬ǺѾˣûҵô졣
ԱͬҶҲԹҪ͵͵ҸطϢɣˡ
ȥϢû˴ŵ֡
ҶҶ뾪ϲĿСŹ⣬īʯ˿
ȻϰãͲסôĵص߰岻ۡ
ǵķӦŪЦڿǸ书أղŻʲôʱҪϢǲҸо۰ɡ
Ҷ費˼ЦЦʵǴһֱŵЦϿһƣ̬
ֵ̫ƽںܶʱǻҪо񣬳ʵܲʹĥ
磬ǾȥǸɽȰɣ϶û˴š
߹ȥ˴ư£͵·ϻ˳ˡ
Ҷ벻ǣزҪǣǵĳֿܻˡ
ߵɽȵڻһξʱһߵͻȻͣʾǲҪ˵ɫء
һм˽СŲһïʢĹľԺš
ҶҶԣīʯȴ֪үٽͨ󲿷ϰ֮˸֪
ǲʲôⷢˡ
ӱܽ⣬һӣоʹԵġಡ
ҶУƺִĵϣڿиٷвܷƷ
һͣǰĲԶ
һŮͻȻŭȣվס
Ҫҩ󣬴ԺҵʱǽۣҲа
лú˵𶯲ᵶҪҡ
ʮ´̿ȴƺ˵ٷϻ¥˵㲻ٻţξӡ
˵ͬʱкͬ鲻ҪٵȣʮĿһµͼΧ
ӨزֱˣɽеɽʯҴڣߴڱֿ߱ڡ
㹷ƨ
ǸǼҩһݵǮõǼǻ˼ڣǺӥ¥ôȥأ
ҩƾʲôǮߣ浱ԩͷء
ԺԩͷûõȰڻ˵ʡɡ
ڹľԺļؿкüκ´̿ͶҪץסŮˣȴһ˲Ϊ˼ʲôԥȻŮܵ
ô˵Χ׷֮£Ůӵ̬ƺͦãʩչṦܱ߷վԭصΪ׺ˣͷ²̫аҶ׷ϡ
ղ˵Ϊ׺˿Ҳ֪ʲô飬ȴ˲ϧһдΧŮ¥˵ˣֻҪ˭ͷ˭õµĽҩ
⻰ȻЧºƴŮкŮӻ˼
ҶһԿļǶѱżҲûá
ۿžҪΪ꣬ӨͻȻһɲ
һļλܳæ𣡡
 һȺǲܣ

 21 

Ҷæʧٵʱ򣬾ݸ֮ԶľǻʹҲæǣȷе˵ʧٵ̫ӡ
ڵϣһĹװ˰жݳ΢ؿ׹صˡ
𽥱ɫɨϵİڼ¶ŭݡ
ʮĺӶסкã
µʱ䣬ڲұԷ̫ǼٵģϹ𣡡
϶ȻôСԼӶ
˵أૣƿЦҵҪôŵܴ֮ܲ
ٴ䵽׳ĬʱǹһĨĻȣٴλָ˵ĻȴĲ⣬ȥ飬鲻ͲûˡҵҪһ̫ӻܲĸǡ
йŵʧŮ֣һֱڵĹŮ̫룬վԼλã̬˳
̣¶һǳЦݣþûȥݷù㣬ȥһ¶
¶Ϊ󹬳˴ͽ֮Ĺңסܵ³谮ͬʱֶ̫Ůµױá
Դ빬굮һֱٳ費ϣڽֱµУ¶־͸ûټٹ
Ҳ˭յġ
羰԰Ϊ
ʱڳˮ ˹Ůõָѻڵضû
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ϴδеϢҲֻعҲ֪Ҫʲôˡ
ЦһӹŮݵǰ˲ָճĵĹ֭ŵؿһ࣬ɱñµļȼˡ
һЦЦĴ治ɫʺ򣬡ãԽûǰʵڱǸ¡
һһ㣬ôǵȱüءѵǱкɵ˼Ǵˣ
΢΢ףʹ˿ı仯ûԽˡ
巼ȴûдǰ֮һ˲ŭЦһеķΣЩȥģʱǺܱģҾʲôֱ˵
վ˶˸񣬡ˣҡ
˻֣ڵ˽ŲӯĹ˳ȥֻվߵһ֡
չ˱֣̱ɡ
̧ͷȻ΢Цʱʧ٣⽫ƻյ̫ӲڱԺϢ˰ɡ
ĻȴЦЦʱģɱκʱ˳۶ˡ
ʵĻȴ˲ˡ
ǰж֮Ůôû˸ϢֻŻʵ۵ĳ谮ҲֻõϢˡ
ڿĵۻҲֻ֪
ĲʡŭԹ޵ѹ£ٵûʲô뷨𣿡
ʲô뷨ζֻôҲҲ
߹̸һʺ

巼ߵֳȰﲻӦ뻢ıƤܿڱǰݺ
ȴһ⼸ɢ²ʲôȥֽʹǸʺдš
ȴסʺͶϣٺ͹𣿡
ʱûʹҵ
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Ůӵһ仰˲̡
ŶҶҶس˫ǰ
īʯһЦֻ·ǿԵǲڡ
Ϊ׺ȻҶ֣Ҳ¡
ȵȵȣѵ֪˭𣿿СûУǳݸҶ֪ǧүҪʲôǿǺ鷳ġ
īʯ˶Է͵ԼӣžͽһѣֻǼʲô˵СѡҪԸŹǣĿԵʲôûǰСү誶С㡣
ҶðͷСӵص˵Դ
Өȴ׷Ź⼸ġ
´ͷڵСúܣ㲻Ļ˰ɣ˼ҿ֪ˣһȥ϶ҳ״ʱǿɱֱӽɱҪ鷳
˶ܲոΪƬ̵ԥȴŮӵĻɴĻʾ⡣
īʯֱǵҵŮӡŮôô񶾣
ӨΧӴṦʩչĿ϶ǵķ¶һ޹ЦСѲҪ̫ѽױϱġ
īʯǼֵߵģˣżһ©ƾҲǿˡ
ںҪĿ껹ӨǾǼ޸֮Сֵӡ
Ҷ軹֣ŮӴڵķΧǶʮ׵ľڣʱ֮䴩ֽǳĺ˴ˡ
û¹ĶͼͼԭݣӰĺۿɼĿʼ·һ㡣
Ϊ֮ۿƲԾҪԼϣƮ˼ʹӿкݺݵˤ˵ϡ
Өٶȵ˻һȦʩʩȻͣ£ƯǰмһȺûӵĴ
ʮ˵ڵϣ߹ȥÿ²һţдʣ
ǷǮ
ǿ
ҩǮȴҪҵ
ҵҪ𣡡

ͷ죬ǰͷ𣡡ӨߵǸΪ׺ߣֱͣͣ˻ǲǡ
ڳȻİҶԿĶʶͷƤһ˵
Өйˣע⵽ڳĸС
Цеسż߽λСӻСղллǰʱѽ
һμôྫ¿ɰĺһ֣ӨЩ
īʯ߽ЩΪʲôԼ²ֹ
Өֻ¶һŴӵСҶ裬˳ۿžҪ۵Сһѡ
ǰͻȻһѵ˲ϡ
һһˡ
Ө
Ųתǰޱī㣬ٴۿϵĴ󵶣ܲƿ㣬Ҷ˵
ī㣬°ɡûжġ
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īٴӵؿһǰŮӣԥ»ѡԼҵ¿˵۹⡣
л˵ʹҲ԰æ
ӨಱӣƣһûأΪʲôǻ

 22 

үСǻˣҪȥءСѾҵˡ
Ѿʱ䣬Ǽʲô£Ѿǡ
ڸԵӨɻ󣺡λСǣ
ڳԾվ͵ںɽģ߶ˡ
˵¿Ӧôȥôţ˵ķԸЩɣڸС˵Сүǻֱ֮ӻϢȥ밲ˡ
㣬һ˯ɣٴȥס
Ҷ迴ΪѣԼǴġ鷳
˵仰֮󣬸ļ˶ûгƺľҲͬġ
˲äĿİˣֻڸղŻ·Ѿ˽Ө
ӨǽϺպĶʥΨһͽܣóƶöṦ
ԴǰȥϢ֮󣬽ϻĶҩ󲿷ֶӨСŮġ
ī֪Լҵ»ڻʺ̥ʱʺеһֶǺ˵ĳ֮
ȻֶкͣϡĶѾı䣬óƶԣԵ³ϵĶӦûвð
Ө˽īٳͼûĵر֤һᾡȫǡ
Ļ˵ɲÿһôƯСӱʦĶĥӢš
ȻҶӾīвô˵ģⲻ˫ɹʶ
ڰæĶ֮ǰӨǲ뿪ģȻҲͲ˺ǵ¡
ΪǱҪ֤ȫڴڼṩĳԴöȣҪ֤㹻ĽǮҩܼоĶҩ
ʱԾռ˱˵Өû뵽Լ˸ӣ֡
鴫λͻȥˡ
Ҷ߶˫΢ϸݵֱۣɻĿЦݰī汣㣬誶õġ
Ҷ£ʹѾȷ˺ǻ᲻
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걻ЦݸȾ鲻ԾҲŷɣСԴվ뿪
Өһûأ˵õĺء
ӣΪʲôûһ÷
ҶӨϴһԷӨθڲСȴԵúܿ죬һֱﶢԡ
ҶٺõθǿҵĿҲʣˣ˿Щ̽ؿڵʲô˵
Ө¶һĵЦݣ˵ǳɽΪҼܵС檣
Сùáǿ
ʲôѵ֪Сùܵԭ𣿡ӨЦеϷ·˹ƻζ
Ҷգգۣ˵ʵģҳ󲻿
ΪӨҶ趼ǳԷϰԱźëڴʱֻˣӨһûֱӾͷϣһѽӵϱߣӽ쿪ʼҲǰǼҵˣʲôҳҴȥǣһȥǽǰɡ
ΪʲôһҪǣԼȥ𣿡
ٺ٣һ£һ绹ߵĻ͵ǽǵӺܺ϶ûɡ
Ӳ͵ǽǣֻ
˼ȻܶʱЩߣʮʮԶľ뻹˼ҵ̸ġ
ӨﻹҪı⣬ſڵ˪Ц쳣УҺ誶ԵеˣҴΧתȦ
ķǵҶĻܸӵĸ͵˪Ǻܿͻˡ
Өղź۵ʱûѹĿľΪ⣬ͬī
ߵסݺ棬ȻͿīʯѾȻվںڰ·͵
˵ǴǽǣʵֺͰ߲Ŀ͵
ƺ֪Ө׷ֵĻᣬֻСܺãӨɵݶϰš
Ҷֻܰңٸо̥еʱ;ռŻ죬ȻôȴԼ˵ġ
ôãڵ̸ȴƺŸտʼ
ƺ͸һҲˣڿ˵˵Ϊʲôʧٴ˰ɡ
һ֮ǰǰǰֱ׳̣С
ңҽ˽ˡ

仰ҭãһʱ֮侹ǲ֪ηӦ
ǰŲӣɥȴһ˿ʣ·֪ڸĵĹ˳ǣôԼܻˡ
͵ˣڶЩˣǻΪǱץģû뵽ȻԼģ
˽ŲһͷڣˣСùüʱֹı»ͦ˾塣
ȴûôɵ飬һͿʼžžવᣬֲͣĨίͲ⣬Ҳ밡ǡǳһ
˵˵˵ףҵĺϢ
ԽԽίԽί޵Խأҵү檵İ
֪Ϊʲôߣ˵Ưϲ𡣡
Ϊ˽׼˺ܾõģΪ˸ϲء
صĿͷʹҲˣҪ˽ĶܺĲ̫һ
أ
Ȼֹ
ˣɫĵ÷֣޹ˣ
ӣִ˸ãų޿޹ˡ
˽˵ʲôһ˵ꡣޣ
ĺһ伸ҧгζ³ġ
ŵͷ˺һᣬ͵͵̧ͷһۣһ䵭æ£µؿڣ˵ӿƺ̫ã׵ĻһᷴԵġ
Ӳ̫õ񣺡
ǽǵˣ
Ҷ裺̫ˣѵĸѡ֮𣿶Сùãǫ̂Ͳ˼֪
Өԭʦ˵լĹĶô̫ӣһҩܶһƬ
ڵ̸ڼֲۣΪֲܣɷԼ鷳Ϊġ
ʱֻԼѹŭЦһͳ仰ˣһܾ
ͨһ£˳ȫҿԽҵļױָһ㣬֮ȫҲа
㻹Ļسŵ˵ɡվޡ飬ڹķظ֮ǰ˿š뿪ư¡
ӨݶϷɻ͵ߣֱӽҶ豧ߡ
誶ҷǼҵ档
ղ滹һǽǻſһСӰѾǸƯץˡ

 23 

ôܽ𣿡
ڶ죬īһͽӨ飬ʱ֢״ְ
һΧ˺ܾõīʯջæڴʡ
һְֻ˰죬еĿ⣬Ө治ɫֻֿ
ҶԷһ㣬ֽǰҪôζŽж⡣
ػһֻ֣Өûղôʱ䣬ûеһʱ˵Ľڴؿڶ˵ҿ϶ⲻϵĶ㻹ȡһѪ𡣡
ˣ
īҪһղⶾһղ뿪
ҶȴЩʧ첻˵һֶʦѵҲûнҩ
Ȳ˵ֶںϺγɵĶܲܽ⣬ʵֻʦıҲⲻ
𽥷ŭĿ⣬ӨϱЩ޹ѵֻ֪óƶṦƶΪϲṦΪ˱
Ө˵ЦڽҩʦĻԽѽǵԽǿҩͬʱоҩǲڴԼǲǡ
ѵٴͶȻĲⶾҿ԰ǽڵĶسɷֲоҩʱ򲻾ͷࡣȻĲǷһѪ𣿣ȡѪĻҾʲôҲ鲻ˡ
һԵīʯ죺ʦĺüֳ֮нҩ
ӨתͷǴؿǱԼоġʦΪԼˡҪƳĺö׾ͽ⿪Ҳĺòá
һѪ͹𣿡
˹ˣҪ㲻ҲԸҶ㡣ӨһæСʽͷ
СԵޱī㡣
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֪ܽⶾ£ī㲻κκν˺±Ͳ塣
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ڵĶһֱڱ仯ҶСĸı䲢û˵Ļɡ
磬ҪĲ˲ΣҺ͸һģҲҪŶ
ʱڴ룬ۣü΢վű鷳īʯ
ҶžţãҰ룬ιҩɡ
ɫ԰ֽ껺˫ۣº͵вżѪ˿
ڵĶҹ賿Ϳʼ궯ֶںϺ֢״ÿһʱͻϱ֡
ӨϿ֮󣬶̲סྫµʾ̾ôʱĥܱʶһ˼ֵļ£οǰʮꡣ
ҶûоܾİæתͷȦԵһ꣬īʯ磬ڿȥϢһչţҪҪæ˵ġ
֪ǰ֮˴˵Ѫ֮ûϢǱϴүεÿ˵Ӱ죬īʯһμǴ粽š
˶ǻ۵ģҪ۵˵뿪ûչˡ
īʯԥؿԼүۺռ΢ɡתΪĿǵ鷳誶Сүˡ
誶һԼҩ
С
ҶһСҪʡָιҩҺ͸Ϳˡ
˵ҪõĻʡҶͷͬʱҩ
ÿ˵ˣҩǺõģ˿϶ܴܿǳȥˡ
Һҩ誶òáС
Ҳܵһ˵ĹģȻǷǳܵĵʹƺҲûôԺӡ
ҵתԼע

 24 

Ҷû뵽ҪԼеôһ
ϵ鷭ȴдּҡɨݡ𾪡
ԼĲ²⣬ַҳɴ˫ۣĿⲻţ磬дģ
š
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ʲôҲҪøҿ
ɣҲ
Ҷ԰ƣݣϸʣֻܴһı飬ĻʼĵһС¡
Ůͯöڿտķ𣺡ǰһ֮ӣ״ȴһֱܵĸĴѹں˵İ£ʼ׾һһڱǼĴ֮ˣ
ڼĸɾ֮ʣ֮ڷӵİ͵͵żȥƾ٣ȡͯŵĹһֱϲ˵˼Ǹĸ֪ļƭʮ֮֮꣬˵һźܲõ£
һǮĵ޲ȥŮǸŮֳƢãˣ֪֮ǸԸԼĸİźȴΪ֮ܳɴǵĹӰ޿κΡ
ķȥش󲮼ȴ룬ø˴󲮼ٰᣬһòĹһ顣ڴ󲮼סŬѧϰͬʱ뷽跨żǸʱֻܿһۣ˵ʱֻ˵һ仰ܸ˺ð죬徭Ȥ
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㣬ǰֵ𣿡
ӨһֱĽֵϿҶЩ棬ȻڽôӦòȫլŶԣôоԷʲôȤӡ
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ÿҶҶͬʱͶ֮ͬĿ⣬ȻѾǵһܳҲڼ֮ǰ
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ǰͣôˣƺҲеɣǣ߽˵ҶҶү𣿡
ҶɻӺϣǰ˵ʱȻֻīϿһİɣ
ţһգ۵Ĺͼֲ֪ðīѾվ˵Ķ棬΢أһī档
ī걧ȭ˸񣬴ӻͳһţɫոš
 

 25 


ؼ, ѵ˳ҲҲˣôһûС
ԺԺڶ̥ÿһεĹο졣
ԭ誶һڷ, ȼĿϼСŮһ, ټӵĹʱҪǲֱӿû뵽һµѧϰ͸ϸµˮƽ
Ҫ֪, ſʼѧǰĶ׵, ôʱûнֻ͡
һߺɸֵҪѵ, »˵Сģ˰ڡ
ﳭдĴ, ѵñѵ, Щ, ԼһŵĴ, ֻܾӼٴڸС
Լˣû˴һɹΣֻûн, кܶѧĶˡ
ССҶҿ϶ҪǸ飬϶Ҳᷢ˲ˣȻһˡ
߽Ϣ, Сڷ·𿴼˵ĿԼ˱ŵĲ, ӲͷƤڵˣͨи
ݸֺüͨиֻһ, ҲҶһγȥμǼҡ
ⲻ겻ڵģҲûǰͰôͻȻ԰ݷˣѵʲô²ɡ
ɻɻȴҲûΪ˼ûаذ¾ʹš
ȥٵȻһѡ
Ӧ˳ȥƳƵһԵζЦһȷŹһأ´λǾͿԿôСġ
ҶҶƵСͬʱ¶һֺõЦǿ϶´ˡ
ÿɷǻȥ
ҶԼԺӲþ͵͵㿪ԺѾߣԺá
ãȥǸʲô˵ʲôҪҪһȥ֪һطǽᱻ֡
ҶȻҲûѧϰ飬ɻǳ˵㲻úдΣ´μ鷣𣿡
ʲôӲÿ춼ҪңҶϰˣ´μ黹һأúͿˡ
Ҷ˵žȥҶ֣ǰҲϲȥѾ
Ҷ벻Сæû¹һԻ¨
磬ҪҲȥΪʦɣṦԺͿԸ˵ˡ
Ṧǹؼʱĺüܡ
ҶʵְüչȥʵΣգ䲻ж޻ã͵ǽǵĶǼˣҲǼëƤС£򷢴ʱҲûʲôˡ
ˣ¾ֹҪŷɵˡ
Ϊ˷ֹɳʲô±˴ˣСҶҶѧı±ز١
Ҷ˲۷Ź⣬Ṧܷ͵ǽǵĹܣǵǻȥɡ
֪֮ǰʮȥʦˡ
Ů˴ʱ˵ĵȻɲֻͨһ¾µŮ˵ˡ
ҶԺﵢôãȥǰҵطغõʱ١
˶ԼôõʲôɣΪ뵽ԼҪ¶Щ
Ů˼Ŀ׻֮˲űεؽԼǰݷõҪĿ˵
ʵ׵ġ
仰£񣬾Ҷ趼̲ס뵽Լϡ
Ҳ룬˲˲ͷðĺֶȢϵС㡣ֶӷ˿Ҳӵ϶Ըϵڹһˣ
ԼֶôǵģҲʵҲһίĴˡ˵ԽԽԽԽС
̧ۿޱŲȵ´ٰݷõĻ̲סѿڶ
ͬʱ̲סֹǾǴҳģﶼܸһֱָӵƣݸҲһܱȵġ
͵ͬʱʵҲΡ
ԥҪҪӦףֶѿڶԷȥˣãΧ˶õ±ֽȡͲǲ򵥵ġ
ܵôɵŮ˵򵥵ֶӦûǿˡ
ȻҪȡҲȫˣ֮ǰҲҪģʡ˻Ϊ֪Ǹġ
²豭ϣӦ֪Сݵİɡ
Ц֪֪ģֶҲ֪
ˣ˾ȻȥɣһҪүʲôϢ֪ͨ㡣
ΪͬˣٸǱڵ˲ôԷıָԼĲһ
һֱҶţ˻µġ
ôоһ仰ͽˣ⾿ûлᰡ
͵ȫ̵ҶҶҲµģͬǣǸǸֶǸʲôˡ
͵͵Ժת˲䱻˸
ӨСɴ˫һزüһΪǵͦء
һţҡҡƯС͸ǵģ벻뿴
˸߲ҵزţӨƲƲ죬˫ַϳ°ͣƵǵƯǺˣɾֻ֪ѹեҡ
ҲһţҽṦö˼Ҳ˶ؼˣҲţϾﲻⶾȡѪ˺üء˼š
ȻĺÿˣĶһĺڣȻá
ޣŲǷ
Ө˫գգͼ˵ʦѧյĿѡǱڱֵúɣʵѧʱǺѺġѧѧ徭Ѷˡ
һҳ𣿡
ᣬǡ
Ҷ۾ϲδ˵Ļѧѽ
ڽ֮ǰӨĿ˵ͳɹȰˣ˭ոձԼõϴء
Ҷ͸ܱȰˣǰʮ껹ÿ쿴ҽѣ
οҽּң˵ʦı¶ѧˣܰⶾء
ҶӨڴߣЦձߵСУʦá
ǻǽҽɣԵ㡣
Ƿݺ٣Ҷɨۣȼ仰£Өеİʦѧգоʦںؾи׼һҩͤСʲôܽҲȥͤС˰æ˻ᾡܰ
ŵĩβһ䣬ϴ֮ӵСʵ˵ֶıģҪԽ¸
ʱҶ軹ţôξؼӦҲǴ¾ͻֻ˰ɡ
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽һʮꡣ


 26 

̩ʮա
ݸʢĽ巻ڽվٰһȵĴ, ʮ϶ʮµδŮӲμӡ
㷻֪ȵҪĿģ巻ҲΪ˸ЩݸЩþŮһչʾյĻ, ΪڱȡĺóɼĹٶһõĹ, Ϧܱ߼дţÿݸμӱĹͿֻ಻١
˵, 巿ĴǳݸֵĽ֮һ
ǰҶ䲻ô˵Ҫһ֡ȻԺμҲûлˡ
, 巻Ϊ˲òĹܷı, ڳһ¥ٰ¥ϵİǰĿˡ
Ҷͯ»к漸ùԼһμ, ʱ¥ǰ漯ϡ
ҶΪ֧, ¥һλüѵİ, ȥˡ
Ҷݸ֪ҲΪѵõĴһȥĻᡣ
½, 㡣
¥ǰȺ㼯Ҷ軹һ۾ͿȺڵ߶ǵĸס
, ˵λȥ߸ֵӨҶ
¶Ǹ⣬Ǿõˣû뵽ôˡ
, ҲǸյ, ˶Ҳ˵ǳݸ⼸ԽԽãص˶
ĸ׺ηһƱ磬һ䲻źۼƨĵ֪鶼˲١
˿׼, ײӵ˳һȥҶİۿ
Ҷ輸Сֻڰһǵ̸Ϳʼˡ
֮ǰ쵽ĺߵ¥ðŵһǰȴ´
Ϊ֮ǰһģʱλҲһΪһš
ֻǵߵλõʱͯµλǰվһ֮͡
ͯѿŵսǳ֣ϵЦݵسǶ˸淶񣬡㣬ѽû뵽ǵλþȻһ𡣡
ͯȴһɫ˵ʲôɺϣֻĸŮĺƣǮ˻λá
Ҷͺһû˵ǿǰʮСеľ衣
𿴶ԷһаףһĴ֮ǰеŮҩͯ´ĺ֮ˡ
һ뷽跨ؽλûҲֻ֪ôҡ
ͯѾʮҪʮˣٴͲ´λᣬ֮ԵڶûжףΪܼ︸׳޵ֻۣܼϣϵõһõΣڽķѡһõѡ
뵽Ҷͺ濴񲻽ŵǡ
Ҷ½㣬ҪҺȥһ¸ˣǻһλðɡ
塭
̨ϵҡеҡ壬еļʶ̧ͷȥ
λǣӭǰμӽ巻ξٰĴαǰĹأΪ׶ΡڱμʱͶԱͱƷ˽⣬ҾͲٶ͡
£Ǽʼеһ׶εıʱΪһ㡣һʱϵĲһɰ
Ҷ輸ζӣϵƷ
˼˲඼׼ˣٴҡҡ塣ʼ
һ׶εɰֻΪɸѡŮˣţ뷨ϵĲüȻжϣص˲ܽڶֵıһֵıǵı÷֡
ڶֵıֱַΪͼʹ壬ڶֻͼίĴֺٷزߵУΪǵֱĲͼڶֵı÷ָռֵܷĲ㡣
һֵĻڴСʦ̵С˵ͨ˵ǲѴ֮
ŵڶֱ֮ϵҶ費̫ӵĶڱеͬʱʹһɫ˻ںִѧQ滭
û뵽Ϊӱ󷽵ͼԼ򵥵ɫһɫޣͼӵͼӱõ巻λίһڶ
ҶЩȵ£һֲС˵ڰĺóɼ½㶼˵
һ㶼ȵعϲ½ӣҶˣСĹĻǲ̫
ֵıܿ쿪ʼϵӱȥܣǵĻܵǰ棬һ̧ͷܿ
ʼٴҶ˼ô־ԴֽѵͯСŭȵ
Ҷתͷȥͼ½ǰĻмƿؿӣǰͯһѳſļǵŭĿԼΧ˲¶һã޹
˺һŷӦƵģӵļһĿȫǵͼȴûʲôε㣬ԲѽҲǹġ
ֻǾе۾һ£û뵽
һֻ쵽Ǹɣͯ˹˼ɳϣʵ˼
ͯƲƲ죬һΧõҶ˵˲ǹģҲǸˣ㻹
ڳʲô֪ŵ𣡡
ڵĸ˼æϹֹ˼Լ£˵һǵ
Ҷɨͯ΢ۿǵֱüڵ˵ɡ
Ѹƽʱϵá֮󲹳²ݸ֪㲻ϼҳ
Ůɨͯѣϵŵ˸飬صͷֱĿ⡣
߰ɣı㲻ñˡ
Ůתͷͯ±ƻ˵ͼֽϣüҪôٻһͼ߿ƾԼ
˵ͽ˵ͯѴȥͯԼѡ
С˺ܿͽֽʺһ̧¡
Ҷյؿ½ԥ˼ŻʲôԼܰæġ
һ׼ػ۾һ½㣬Ҹղ濴ĻҵĻ»ɡ 
ʵûǿƹ涨ֵĴͼ밴յڶֵͼֽ壬ʹôǰϰĻֻΪͼֽ죬巻Ϊ˽ʡʱҲĬΪ˶˵ֵͼⷢӵǱ
ĻܣΪһʼ̵ģؾ֮Ҳϰ
ʮļٶҪһ˿죬ˮƽҲܡ
СҲ֪ġ
ͯ»ǽ͸Ŵĵԣɫ̬ЩӣԼٶȵĻȻܻ꣬ʱȴ
̵ʱػпܸϵϡֻͯ£ӦҶĿⶼϣ
Ҷ֮ͬ£ϸڴɫĴϸĶһ㣬ٽղżеͼ»
ͯ뿪úͻͯڵİ䣬ͯΪ룬ͯҵİֻͯ˺ͯڡ
ոսң˵ҹĻұȡ˱ʸ񡣡
һžֱͯĻߣͷҲ̧
һԵͯСŮǻίԲТĳŮʧߡ
۵ѶģǸٸÿ·˰
ͯѵСͯﻳǽĻˣòõλ᲻ҲġҲΪ˺㿪ľ͸ɡ
᲻ᣬ㿴ʲôʱĹˡͯ˶СŮĿ߼ǲ˼ط
ͯ˺ͯŬ£ŵһѶͯڻָЦա
ȫûЩŵĶ󲿷ֵǮͯ˵ļױ
ͯ뿪̫죬ͯҵİһҰôõλãʱڵ˭ҲûܿҶͯ»Ķ
 
 27 

δʱ, ϰ˵ķͳƳҪʱ䣬巻ĸ˾֪ͨǿȥԵ㶫Ϣһ, ʱ֮ǰص, ȴɼȻȡƷ
ȣҶ輸˶ðŴ̫رһ, һ¾ڰϢͺá
ҶҰµİܴĸ״ճһ, СһѶӵ
Ҷؿα, һˮһһڵţغ˿, ҸоԼͱեˡ
Һû˵, ô򵥷ѾȱԹˡͯѧӿں, Ȼ, Ҳˣ
ڵļλĸ׿ôһǺŹҲֻЦЦת۾Ļ⡣
СóĬشһ, ͯͻȻʣ誶ǲҪؾְ
ţҲ˵ҶԶӣҿܲҵһȥ
Ϊʲô𾪵ͯ, һ˲Բ˺ܶ, 義ǵļ˲ϲ誶Ҷ˼Ҳһʡĵ֮ࡣ
ôˣ𡱺澫µСҲ󡣹ٳϵ̫˽⣬˵ҶЩĹ, 㲻һҲƽһõλϡ
Ҷ費֪ԥôڵļǰСø˺üҵɣ֪ʮ꣬һְΪ걱ߴ̣͢һʱæûܻȥ˳ƾˡ
ڹȥһζŲλˣҶôҲֱ֣ǲľ档
ӾǴıȽϵ˵ΪھǵʱܵȻʿأ͵ҲǴСһ𳤴ĹϵΪһЩʲôԭҪġ
ʲôԭ͸ôҲӰҪȥǣҺܾܿʹһӵʵ
˵ؾְʱ仹£ôõϢ˵úܽкӡ
ôģɺ˸飬֮ͱеˡ
עǣĻ¾Ҫǰȥˡ
ǰ궼һӣҶĪѵǶ᲻𣿡
ͯؿα۽⿴ƵԺ󶼲ټ浱Ȼ᲻ã誶ǲҵͺδҲҪְġ
ǻһȥ𣿡
ͯȴƲƲ죬ϢʱͯѾͳҪȥǼʶʶӽµķĸŮȥôͲȥˡ
Ҵ翼нʿѾˣھǵ١ƺԼҫ˵е졣
Ҷ裺
ðɣǶϡ뿪
ҶԼǰؾ˵˳һиĸǼǵðɣǴû棬ÿ궼Һ͸ͺܶܺϴ˵ڴǼ棬Һ͸ȥһϲ
֮⣬ģǿһ·ͣͣһ߸·һҽˡҲһֶ飬·ҽҲһֺܺö
λⱲΨһһˣҶʱĶˣ˰µʱĥͬ󣬻ԶھǵȥһԷԼϲá
ͯ±ȤЦ誶ȥԺǵϤϤеĳԵĺģҺˣ;֮ǳĺġ
ĵȴĿĹ
ҶΪڵֵı͵̫أۺϳɼֻ˵ھţС˵
ֱͯȻûһһȴΪɼǰϵ˵һ
֪Ϊǵǰ佱
Ҷ̨µźİ佱Żߵ̨ϵĿࡣ
֮ǰû˵ﻹ̡
òôøǰҪһŮʹӦ˼ҽ巻˰ɣ
˸ھȥ᲻ɱ
ȥ᲻ῴҶ費˳ʱû֪ɱˣͯ´Ѿ˺üٴˡ
巻˹ǰʱͯѾûͯǰĹģοڰﲢûͯ˵Ӱ
ǸսȻܵõһ
һԶľ룬ͯȴ·ܺؿ̨Ϸ޵ͯ£ĿһӾǺüڵϡ
ûҪαװĶͯ￴ǰҪŮ˵Ȼ˹ʲôģҲҪͬ⡣˭ġ
ҾǿŵӡãΪʲô֪ҵС㶼ѡ
֪ͯСѺܿҪˡ
ͯȻͯ²˵
ͯ̾˿ҽô
*
ĹԱְǷϰ꣬ȴԱϴһͻ¼ײʵӸĳ°꿪ʼ
ΪÿѡҲ°꣬Ҷ׷ײ²⣬½Ҫɺ󹬵˼ˡ
²ĹԱǣҪŮ빬Ļǲκ͵Ķ׷׿ʼ׼
ΪҽϰѧǹҽϰûֲѡģҶҶѾ׵Ϊ˱ռӿ˳Ҫߵ̡
ȻҲвֵ˼һڹϾѡѡĲֻǻʵ۵ӡ
ĶʮˣĿǰδ飬пλõĹŮֻ಻١
ʱҲһֱæŵҹŮҲҪѵõĻΪӵĺլõġ
ŮӴһľļСŮ߽УŮӹ񣺡иԼطĹŮͲѾȫˡ
̫Ѩ˰֣ЩȥȥѶĿ
ָӹŮļ϶һԱĿͻȻûͷûԵĵðһ䡣Ҽǵ̫ӵǰסڳݸҶүң
£ǵġ
Ϳźɫ֬΢Ƕ̥Ҳе˰ɡ
ûдκ˶С
 
 28 

鷿ڼž, ڿտϢյַָ
ĺǰ, ͦε̫ӵרע, üĿʹݳ, ͵Գᡣ
īʯվһԵذæĥīһͲǸĵ, ʱ˲ЩĲ, ʱʱתעĶһһֱ˷еıæҲվá
̫ӵҲһӺ, ̧һ۵㲻ʲôҪ˵𡣡
īʯʶرס, Ӧ, ⲻҶҵλСүҪؾ, ʲôʱ򵽡
ȥݸ֮ǰûźҶʱʲôµĵطԼ鵭˵Įĵ¶ôá
ƽʱĽжǵ̬ڳ, ڻؾæʱȻԶǧ֮ڵĸٲ˸ϡΪ˱ǲǣݸǽϷ˵塣
ֱ͵ֻ˾ǣ˺ɼɱ˲Ѫ, ԼСС;͹ļƵνҹ, ̲סʱҶλСڵĵɰ
뵽⣬īʯֲ뵽żɵҶã̽ؿԼҵµ·, ûһгԶŵľҪҪȥŵ㣬·ĸ۵鷳
ظһ뵽ҶʱдŲԾĵů⣬⻹Ҫ̫Ӿ͸ûˡ
˼ǵ֪ʱѾȥͻؾˣ󲿷ʱ򶼺͵´һôû֡
īʯٴΰԼĴĴ⣬ŬԼʧӲͷƤҶҵ̥СûھǴһλؾҪİܾã誶СҪһȺ֪ʵĻ̥ĹŮ²Ҹͬ͵С誶СϤǵĻ
һͲףԼھǴʮ꣬ȻþǵĹǴĺڣ̶̵ʱ׵ҵཻˡ
ɾô׵飬ȴһӢ侫ıԵ̫ӵ˼ٿīʯһ˿͡
취ĸҹŮ϶೭һݳ
īʯĿһ˷ԼҵµĳݣӦ͸¶ֻǣ֮ڿ϶ܰ쵽
֪ΪЩ˺üµʱ䣬ô벻ĶûﵽԼĿľȱǡ
***
Ҷ費֪Լ˷֮Ѫĸһôĺ
ҶΪСڶԻؾг׼ʱ򣬸ӭ˼ϤİĿˡ
Ϥʮǰ˵ڵɷϤһ꣬һСŮ
ڴ͵ǰȽһΪһվ
нȫҶ˺Ҷ˵İʲôҪĵط뾡ᣬʵʱҲȻʵȴҲŬһ⡣
֣Ϊ˱ʾ׽ͶԸ⽫ĸлһֱǵʱôԳƵġ
ҶȴȻ̲סΣϾô˵׼һңһ׵ǰţҲס̽ˡ
ͬɷһ̲סȤЦʵ֣ӦóƺΪֺʹĸġǲôн
סͬʱ΢΢˿˵ʵΪԼڼĵλӵĳһֱԼˣÿǰķ򸾵ʱ̲סС˵ʱЩŲֽš
ʱ⿴ƵЦʵԴ׽ĻԽҶ֪Ϊ䡢ƽ׽˵ĸλ֮ˡ
һۣЦʾ͹ˡ
ҶҲ̬ܿ÷˴ǰΪ͢𣿡
ǵģұ͢Ϊݸ֪أ¸¾Ҫ޶ǰˡ
֮ʮڹȥŴһʮűһƷ֪أΪѧǳȫǱӵļͥۡ
һΣʮѾĴΣΪĸĹʹԼ︸׺ĸĲŽТһֱһſ˽ʿȻֵ˴
ΪһЩԭ⼸ƾٽʿһֱܳٲȵͬڵĽʿѾǿˡ
뵽˵ĻҶʱеĸм
Ȼ֪̫ӵΪأô򵥵еԸ¿϶ҲǿҶĹϵϲԸ⽫Ƶ񽻸ġ
˶Ķӣ˼ķʽҲܵһЩӰ죬ﰵģһҪڲκε½ط׳죬Ը⿴̫ӵһ
ϵı仯Էڶδ̬Ҳ˸ĸı䣬û˼ͥۺϵĸǱøҳϣ
Ҷ軹֣Ҹһ˷ܴĸı䣬ڵȻԸЩãȴǰûзִ³çԼŮʱҲֵϸĸףġ
ûоһù֮͸ˡ
С󣬽һֱҶǳŵӶǷƽ˾ûֹǵг̡
Ϊ˲ĿûдκˣĹҲֻһװĿ۵ƾƥĲֵǮ
ȫûеõıʱ֪ǰٶеȴġ
Ҷ谲οԼʶ;ϰ嶼˵ˣƥǳܱ߼ݸߵġҪͬʱףС·˻ܿ˼һȷ·ߣھһ·ߵڳ嵽ĸ
뿪һ֪Ҷĵؿͬ˯Ө㣬ǵˣ
ţҿӨλµĽһЩĵͼŪµǸղžǸʲôţ
ž룬Ҷ򡣵شݸ߽硣
ӨһѺĵͼͷ϶ԣѾ뿪ˣݾڡ
һ·ҶѾϰӨڣҶ⣬𲻳ʱಹģӨֻȤ츳һЩϵĳʶʱ򻹲Сʮǡ
Ȼô֪ˣ´ʻĵһȻǲô׵㣬԰ǿ䡣
ҶĴ⿴ȻµĵطǲһѾݱȳݷ
ǰо֮ǰڳʱĵïˡӨҲչ⿴
Դ뿪ݸ֮ͽ޾Ȼ羰ˣֻʲô͸͸ʱǲŻ⿴ٵôֲǳȼܳһʱ˸ϡ
Ҷ˫ԺϣһȰŷڳԯϣһȻ£ڳ˵ЩΣȻҲ֪ôӻĽҰĵطģÿ֮صı߽粻ôɽ𡣡
Ҷ迴˵ֲգգۣûʲôӼǡƣɽï֣Ҳ
ãӦ֪õĲ黵仰
Өȴǰʱ˻˼ôϢضϰٸˣ϶ǵһʱǴοܶࡣ
ҶĿôĻˣ
ﷸȵԵġҸ˵ˣûԡ
ȻҲû˵ͬ⣬ӨԶΪĬˣʵҲȻ룬ºҶ˲û鷳Ҷ˵Ĵ˽ԼĶŮʱҲǿżλġ
ӨڻΪԼôЩ⡣

 29 

ǰһ, ·Եֱøïܣʻһûио´̫ȡ
ֻڸҶ˵Ļ, һͨ, ǵƹһɽ˼ʻתɽһС·, ֱ󵽳˶ڳϢˣҶżææס
ʱǵǰһȺǵıδ, ÿ˶ֳ״ĵ, Ӱ׺
ҶͷҲصСѯðͷú㣺ֱأǵͷ
ͷɡǻû˻ͷǡҶͷһ, ڵѾڵͣ˴·м, ͷص䴦ֱЩ˶ϵľ붼ࡣеԶ
ӨŶֻʮ, ҲСֱ߰, ǿǶҲ
ҶĻһһȺ󺺵סˣԼܿӰںǶš
ƺͶһ˶, Ҷ費֪ΪЩƿߣǳȥ
Ǿ¶ȶҲһʱģҪǲܲ˰ǶɱֻǮô졣
ûҶ輸۳, 汳ǵıδ˿ǰСƮ, ǸͯԾǵ󿴣Իͷ
ˡ
һ󺰣ĺʮδ󺺵ͷ, ʮ˫̽յƵɨɹûʲôС񾪴ԭء
ʱʮ˾ͷֳһԭأһΧסǡ
ҶڷӦҪƥ·Ҳˣοǻûתͷ
ԭһ࣬ŴӵĴ󺺶ΧߵֵܺǴһ𡣡
ҶһҿԵڳſڣǽ˴ǣǸǰ
еĵһָǣͷǳˣͲ֪Ծһ𣡡
ʮ˫¹Թߵͬٳֵվá
ҶղԶԶŵʱ;˲Ѱеİգû뵽ͨݵĲ
еһؾĵɫۣ޳üīĿʣ˸˵ĸо
ǸС߽ͯСλӡôǶЩˣ
ҶǳŵʱҲαװ˵ֻüĿ㹫Ӹ硣
ӨһֵۣѽûǶ˵𣿡
лݹԺĿҲ޾ɫϣóòĿ峺ҲֻʮӣӦҲǵһγôΪʲô𣿡
ʲôʲôΪСֹǾٳÿһ
󻢣ǾͼĶȫѳ
ӼüٳȴôһɵӣҪΪǴٵˮƽˡ
ѶӶ³˽Ķȫ˳𶶿
ҶҶһôЩżˣǵǲ˺ܶණģÿôˤ㣬ôû𣿡
ӨƲƲ죬ܿСֲ̫أҪȻ֫жϻɢÿ졣Ҳˡ
µͬʱлݹͿʮδСƵģŤ˼ȻŻ¡
Ŀɿڴôˣ
Өǵ߻شǵ⣺ɣҸղŹʱ͸˵ҩ
˼һ¶˿ӳĶǷڱһЩѰþߣһЩصҩĺǮƶڸװĸû֡
Ҷż鶫ĹˣҪȥ
лװشлݹ⣬óûжûʲôЦЦ漮ݣҪȥǸϿ
ôɣҲȥǡҶ龪ȣھ͸Ͽǲ˵㣿Ҫ𣿡
·;ңԶǵһԶУ֪;лʲô
Ҷ뵽ԼЩͬصͷתͷ㻹öӼۣǲԺһߡ
лݹ⺬Цͷлݹ⣬ԱߵλҵͯĲ֪λôƺ
ԶҶһȲˤȥʹۿźЦ˵ꡣ
ûע⵽쳣ӦҶţ뾩ǻһµ·̣ȻѾͬУûŮӵݡҽҶҵ˫̥ú㡣
лݹл죬ʶҶӨһۣҶ˵ͷʾ⡣
ҶȴڶԷʱֱͦ壬ЦݲܿƵؽӲֱ֣Էƿߺһи
ûԼһ飬ΪⱾС˵ǰ׸ʱдĵһС˵ʱͺϸ˵Ǳڻռء
ûǴĻǰ
ҲԣӦԭҶδɷ
ôţȻ֪ԷںûϵҶ軹̲סʱʱԷͶȥߡ
Ը񣬺еҶΪʲô޸Ǹĸ֮ý֮ԣǸʱֵ
ҲҺһ·ϲͬһȻҶеó˵İϸһ˼Сˡ
лݹ⻷һΧĻҳ֮ǰ˽ط⸽ڶ࣬ǵͬǳٳٲؼпܻǰ鿴辡뿪˵أ
˺ܿͽŪҵʰãٴ뿪֮ء
ں˻ԭصʮ󺺣˫ԼͬغԺ
죬ڵ˷ݳǣʻУһ˾һҿջϢٸ·
˫ȱǮˣһ¥ԶʱҶʵЩͲסԼĺģѰŻʳԼɻ󣺡ȻǶȥǵķΪʲôǵʱ򣬷Եģ
ҪȻЩ˾ͲǱˡ
ӭŮź˫лݹĿȴȣ΢΢졣
ĿԼðβ˵үһʼ·ʱ򣬱ָ˷򡣡
ҶЦŲޣǾ·
Ҷ˴ԼЦһԵӨҲ̲סʵûǣǴôЩٷѣ
ü˼һᣬɵǴžֻһֱǷ뿪ˡ
ҶЩţٷ˿϶ὫǣʱҪôȥǣ
ү˵ˣֻҪڣһ˫ֻд֣ɷλ˾ǡֱߵܿΪûǶȲ
лݹƳһԼһеͯϵĲ豭һڣǲǰôϿ
 

 30 

ҶԼеͨ, žлһûܴӽٷûǮһ·ȥľ, ·ϵ˸պ˺ؾְҶˡ
Էһ˲, ҶҸĸڽ·϶иӡѲ³ο˼ҺҶһڵһٶ̽, лҸǽϺպĴ֮һ
лݹ⻹лҼӣǵճӾͲóе, ϺҶҲ, ˫Ա˴˶кøе£˳µĽ
Ȼ, ЩϢۺС˵￴ݲ³, жԼõĳɷͲ֪ˡ
Ҷ費ɫع۲˶ԷΪֹ, Ƚһ, ǸϲĸоϲֻΪãԸʡ
˶ǿԸ, ҶȴԺؾӡʮǰ磬ͶԷȶҪöࡣ
ǵã翼ϹΣ˵ʱˮƽȫѾȥ, ϶͡
˵, СС;ô㣬ⱾլصС˵ﲻӦĬĬŲŶԡѵΪڵĶ
Ҷǳ˫°ͣϷ, 뵽ʲô˫ʶգգ㣬ôӦҲкܶҽĴɣǵҪҪȥҽݿ
Ҫȥҽݰɣ˵ݵҹкܳǵ¿ȥݳǵҹСȻǸ·ϾûлῴˡҶɫҽӦѾˡ
ӨڴͷɫɫĶݶҩȾβ˵ҽǶַҹиȤЩ
ջȤͬһ𡣡лݹﶨг̲˼
ݳǵҹȷʵ̡֣ӿȺֵƻͨ˹һջһСС⡣
·߽ԸصɫСԸʤҶһ·һ·ԣҪлݹ⼰ʱֹܳŶһֱԵؿջ
ǰһ̫ãڶڴȥҽݵҶ趼˯͡
ȣ˿ǵг̶ݻǳţѾһߵĽֵϣҶȴΧտЩİΪ̫ô࣬Ҷϳ֡
ӨͷĴ̫ҪҪˣҲٳ
ڶװ磬Ҫǳɡ̫ˣҲɹš
Ҷһĵ߳ϰ˵ǰվݳڱȽˡ
һ£һ¡ˡ
Ǹ߽ǰλãͿһλϴ˴ӵ߳ΧһȦȺԾɢóλá
Ҷ輸վһߣȺɢʱһ۾ͿȺмһƽţţ˺üԵˡ
Ө¶棬жˣҲȥ
ڴߵһɫ쿴ǴļôˣǴǰ쿪ʼһֱգģɻûˣεһֱûѹ
ҿҡϴƺʹʵЩ̫ãüԵЩ̫ԣɴսЩ
һϴȴ˲ɫ䣬͵̧ӣ˫ֺҵΧһȺɢ뿪߰
Χ۵Ⱥһ˲䷴Ӧ֪˭ȴһߣӡ
Ⱥɧ
ߣȻߣҿܰ
ղŻһſֵȺңĿ¼־壬æҵĴܿ
ߣʲôɻһܹ龪ŵʵ
סһĿɥˣܰ˵ġ˵仰˾ʹѿǯˡ
ǰͻߵһҶ輸ͣ˽Ų
Ĵʱͬ龪֣үߡλүҲܰɣȾˡ
źܿͿһ˵ĽֵҶüǼ˾û˹𣿡
ҶæҲקסĿ¶裺ãɲҪ벻ǻȥĹٸɣ˽ġ
ûûɲͨĲˣ誶ǽ˵ġҲСǻỹɡ
ҶǵԴЩΣҲû˵ҪȥѽҰ
Լͯлݹͷںļ˺Ӧûûü֪ͨٸǸٸ˵֮Ҳ뿪ɡ
ÿζԴдȾֵĵطһʵʩĴʩǷˣҵƵĴʩãȳָܻɡ
һֱҲķΪ˷ֹɢֻ͢ǡ
ڳĶǶʶֵģЩʷмص¶ӡлݹôһ˵عɫѿ
Ĺٸİǿ£ѧṦҶͻЩȭŹĸȥ٣˴ʼӿջ뿪ڳİͤϡ
֮¼ԱǿӨΪ˷ֹǱ⣬ݸطηͬС죬ٲûȥ̽̽
ҶҶ뿪ǰԼÿռĲҩоҩָǣ磬Ľηǰ£ӦøЩԤáûаôĻǿ԰ҩ͸ǡ
ǲ֪ݳǲֻǼߵˣǽЩĺá
ˣ˲ſʼֿж
⼸ߵģÿνĶǡ
ô뵽⼸ĵľܿͱһţ˿ӱ͵˻ʹ̫ӵµ鷿ϡ
һļſ꣬ԽüԽȿһߵɫǳ
ҶϤŹǰīǾؾ˽ӴĻᡣ˲ߵԴͷ
ߴеһżһ˲ĳüУǶ͵ĵϸҲһ¡
 
 31 


Ҷ, Ө͸׹ͤͦԶһξʱ, һ۾Ϳͤտյ, ƥϵͤԵϣյسŲݡ
Щɻ, öĹģӦһ㶯ͳ鿴
ֵ֮ûж, ƥͤʱ򺰵, лӡǻˡ
Ҷϵһᣬû˻Ӧ, ܷƽ˾, ֻ׽ݵͲڶĲ
Ԥеľϲӭûг֡ʶܱ߿ܲ˵ĵطһȦ
ͬĸĺӨܿ, ͣ¡
ӨЩ, ôˣ
ûв˵ĲԾղһ·ûע⵽֦ڵͤû, ˳ͤܣүһˡ
ܵһͤϵϲ˲ʧŲ, ʧ룺ү, үôˡ㲻Ҫҡ
ڵϻԲѵԼүߣҪ̧ͷֱѪŵòҶ
, ȱ𼱡Өأ˵ŰοĻ߿ٴӰó˼Ųͬҩлݹ£ͬʱһԽ겻Ҷ
㵽Χܲҵ誶
Ҳãô죿Χϸϸز鿴˺ü飬ʱۿ죬ɳƵʡ
Өȴ˿ûϢǺϢǵһлү֪֪ʲô̫żϻиҩҸĶأֻҪžͲ±ȡ
Ҳû뵽뿪˲죬ú˾ôһ˻һʧˡ
Ҷͯȥ֪ͨٸߵµʱûܼ֪ˣӴǵһԱһͻߵĲ˽Ӵ龪ŭԶǽĽͣԸ˽ץؽθ롣
ҶڰͤõȲǵӰ֪ˣȵڶ賿Ө͵͵ǱξȡûʲôҶлݹڰͤţû뵽ݳⶼôΣա
лݹû·ĺۼǷԱߵҲûб仯Ө뵽ʲôٷֻɫٲƵġ
ֻҶ˵һЩʲôٳϵĳң֮ӶԷûжлݹֵ誶Сͽڻŵļʻͦġ
ӨֻܼϣлݹṩһЩõϢȻһСͽܾҪ̲סˡ
ʱŵҶҡԺػָʶһ͸о͵ʹ̲סᡰ
󾱣۾һȦڵ
ĲúĵһģһƺרΪװġ
˼ǰдĳܶƥڱܵ
ҶС˾Լֵ㣬ҲٰһΡ
ǰ洫䵭Ҷ׼𳵴⿴ֶסؽַ£ѯʵ˭ΪʲôҪץҡ
Ҫȥ 
һ𣿡

ʤķֻеļž
ڶҶĿ־岻ϻۡ
·ϵĺɰ۰׵Ĵܹɢͨڶ̶̼֮ܰʴֹʹʱֻʣ°Ļ֮жļϢ֮ɢ
ԥ֮ǰûԹ¶ܱ֤óһȫ£ʮƥǰУҪǶ϶ʧأʱ򶼲֪ȥ
Ҷÿ춼ͼѰһʵĻᣬһԵԼȽϰȫ
֪ʻ˶ͣȻ
ͻǿûεҶ˼ֵ̧ǰӦǰͱ˲
Ҷ豻˳ֱ۴Ųĵرǰߣ΢¶ĲҪﰡ
Ȼû˻ش⣬
ۣҶĸоŬͼռܽܵϢ
һС·һĻԽԽʱ˽£ҶԣԼܶҲܷˡ
ҧҧίر᣺ֻǴ˵еĵѨѣߵīҲᣬʲô˲ġ
һӶسŵĹٱЦĺɰˣСŮˣǿ򣬿Խȥ𣿡
سŵĹٱ˵ĺɰ⣬ҿˡ˵ž彣һŵҶ¶ȵı飺ô۾
æӷ£СŮһͣһֱβŴҸõĴ򿴿
سǹٱҶ֮ؼ飬Ǯӽ£Ӧò벻ôطŻָЦݡ
ˣûʲô⣬ȥɡ
ӵͷЦллүССŮлл
뿪ֵȺҶһϣĵ׹Ԩ
ǰٴλָʱҶ跢Լһεķ
˰Ҳûڷҳʲôϡĵطֻܱϥǣڴһǡ
֪˶ãֻһܲ˵Ÿͷ
Ҷ迴һһصķ˳Ӷùȴϵķûһθڣ£ͷκġ
֪ԼӦǷˣԴСʱǴܾôֻ֢Ҫ˾žͻֻᷢЩܾĻ٣඼Ҫˡ
ҶջطڷϵߣͷϥǼ䣬ռţԱ߼ӡ
ڲ֪ˣѧѧԱһᣬ֮ǰֻоҩﶾԺ֮ˣô¶ӣھֻȻڴ漣Щ˷ȥ
Ժ˯֮СԺӭһĿˡ
Ǿһ޸֮С￴زֵӣСԺﰵֻвĸˣĸﻹ˰Ҷͷš
ƺ׿Ӱ֮СԺص˾Ѿȫ²ʡ¡
ҶڵǸС䣬һֻոµͭһקһֻ־ƿš
վһҶǰƬ̣һָ˵ļ򣬾ѹɤѣҪˡ
ûӦҪٴһͼСС˳һ൹ȥ
šüСͮͮɫ̽̽Ķͷ¶ǡ
ԥС𣬼֮ԽŽյĳǽ뿪˷ܼڣǽһׯ⡣
ϵſڵĵϣС棬ȻŶԱߵһôϵš
һ뵽ʲôֻصŵҶߣͳһǮԱߡ
źĽŲѸϿš
ڵ˵ŴŵĴ򿪴˳С㣬˵ԼͿˣҪô졣                        
 
 32 

ЦЦ, ͣҶˣͲ߶ˡ
СѾͷҪתͷ, ۽鵽һƺһ, æͨĿȣС㣬ſи˻ˡǸ
̽ĵսһ, ǸƯĹСҪȥ𣿡
鿴˿Ҷͨɫ, ִĶͷ, ü, Ȱ̧ɡ
Ǻðɡ̼ε̾˿, ƺѾϰԼСǺ˻Ϊ
ŵĵݸԼС, Сð, ͺá
ţ㡣Ҳ֪Լ壬ûгǿ, ֻ̱ԵҶʱ˷
ףϻһ·һװ
̵Ǽ·޲ýһ߷ߣС϶ģ˵϶ġ
˵, ôεǵԺ, ԭǿǺ۸
һʤ߼ǿȥ, ҹ˼ҹﲡøˡȰţһ߶ŵ
·ǮžһڵطŷĴڡ
齫ǮûмŴ򿪣·һڻŵȻȥҪûˡ˵ž̧ǰ
ֻܽûʳɻŻض̧̧ϵˣԼС
ûпյķ䣬ֻܱȥԼ䡣
鵹óԼķ䣬̲ģСҪǱȾô졣
˽ûʶҶ谲˴ϣָͷʪëŶ̵ȥһյҩ
ΪѾ󹦸ɵϸ۲ҶĳţһССׯϳСѾߣʮƯûм֪ԼСǺġ
ϾûԼСƯĶС㶼ܱΪ֮һС㲻˵ҲǻòȻСûж֪
⻹һμòܺԼС֪᲻ҲǴ˵оǵ֮һ
ţԼС͵ϲ¶Ըɫ
ĥĥ˰ΣԼС㲻ͬŵС㣬ʣµҩĲˣѾûǮˡ
ɫ΢٣ϴҶӲǸǮ𣿡
СĵؿһۣСͣС־ΣǼûиҩǮ
飺
룬ղŷϵĺɫǮù򿪣Ǯϣ治ͭ壬һʮĽԪһʮƱ
ڴؿԼСĶ޲þͽϵǮȫԼܡ
ȴֻݸЩ͵ҩǮɡ
СѾϣ𣬱ŴͷɥС㣬ЩǮ϶Ǹ˸λСҩѣǿԶõġ
ֻǳº͵ЦЦȥҩɡ
̿ԼСвɵļֻ֣ò࿴˼ۻϵǮתȥ˳
ڵĸ鿴ŷһԵĺɫ˼
ȻԼСĻҩֺõҩó֮е㲻ģҩҩĵȥһ룬λӦñС念һЩͿ˰ɡ
ƺʣ˲ֹһ룬ֵȥ˵㣺е㲻
ҩôɫǳҩ֭Էһټӵ㡣
ҩʣµǼҩᣬôҲúСһִˡ
ƲķǵСѾҲᣬҶֻԼ֪ϦϦʱѾǵڶϡ
ضǰտ˺һᣬתתŻȻʶǸСˡ
΢΢ƫͷҶͿڴŮĸ飬ů͵ĳĴ̨ڴߵ֣λá
Ҷ㱾ԼŮ
ˣоôûܡŮע⵽ߣС¶ϲĵ
ҶգգۣڻһȦڵĲãã˭
ҽи飬Ҽңǽһׯӣûʶ˰͵Ҽġ˵ű߽¨һߣһˮȺȵˮɤӰɡ
ҲǾˣ֪ÿδӲиʱĸܣҶһְϣֱҡҡͷʾⲻҪ˲ַ¡
Դ˺ʣ֪˭ôؼҡ
ҶҡҡСԴûԼ˰ܵ˵ȻϳȥĿԲ󣬵ȴⲻˡ
ҽҶ裬ھǳڡ뵽ܻݵĸǣʵʲôˣ
Ϊ˯Ժˣûжɻ󣬡̩ʮ¶ʮߡʲôû𣿡
ûʲôҶҡͷϣҪʣ̾ʹ߽ˡ
ȿһѹҶ裬ŶԼСС㣬ˣλӣԳգλġ
Ҷһ̵Ļ˫ڴؿ
ע⵽仯תͷʶ𣿡
ţʶģһ硣
Ҷڴ϶ͷԴʮǰһǾҲû棬Ȼÿ¶Ҳʱ ռĸֲƷͺҩġٶܲۼʵڡ
ʮȥʮڳʲôأ᲻ϲˣ
᲻ԼĳࣿϾԼоûǰСʱɰˡ
϶ֱøˣȻôôҵԼˡ

̶һ˲䣬Ҷоһͷ
鿴ŹСЦתͷ̵λӽɡ
˽ռáˡ
ʮûСûбֳȣڴߣҶСĿϸһǵ𡣡
ʱȪʯ
Ҷ֮ǰͱűˣʻӦ֪Լܵ£֮ǰûˡ
˫΢䣬йɣûŶûŪҡ
ץһ°ᳶ˳磬ôҵҵģ
ǰݲ԰ףС뵽ʮǰһСţ΢ᣬû˸ҵġ
Ҷ財׾ƣͣ˵һỰ˸Ƿ͵誶ڲȫǶס𣿡
Ȼ԰͸ǶûҶûжʲôΣգǸδıĸľϲžҪˡ
ֵҲҿ϶żȥ𡣡
ֻϣûмֱӷسݰȱȻָõˡ
ûסСԴԵѾȥˣӦúܿ͵
ּһ£õĸ˽
誶Ľ˵꣬ͼ鲻ԥصͷׯҲȤ誶ڻܶһ顣
һԶѹλӣûǮˡ
ڳ˾һ
ȻعЦͶ


 33 

, Ҷ豾Ż˽ԭ㸵ڵŮ졣
˶شߣĵ, һֱԼס𣿡
, ùһ𣬲⼸ռ¾ͻȥˡ̧ͷش
ԱͬŸȴһҲûΪԼҽ˼, ԼСĻش𲹳С֮󲻾þȥ, ̷˲ϲС, ˴ү֮󣬾õʱĲС㵽ׯ, ʹʱסڡ
̵ʱ, ܶСͷ˵¶żù˽⵽˵, ÿÿ˽һ, ԼСŵķ˸еĲֵͻһ֡
ֽѾǶԽԹߡ
˵鸮ĵճŮܾг谮, ڵʱľҲǸֽľĴŮһġʱĽֻǸССνܱʱķ˿ϸҡ
ʱķΪܼ޸ϧ۰ĳǴһϾ˹ϵͲ֪ϧڷ˻Сʱ̧, ǵ÷Ѳ, Сû֮ûĸס
뵽￴һǰ˼ҶС㣬ǰҶСݲͨ㲻ĴŮôҲܶࡣ 
ܴ˹ϵ, ˵λҶСܰﵽʲôʲôҲﲻˣܻܻܰǼ˵Ҳġ
Ҷֻ˵ǵݣû뵽лô飬뵽˽̿£ʣǶѵ𣿡
һʼǸġ
̡
µҶŭŻü̵ĸ顣
ҶЩ˼Ͼƺ˼ҵļҳôȷʵʣ˼ǸЦ£ıǸû
ĵǸȴ΢΢ҡͷ֪ΪҴ򱧲ƽֻӲԸΪΪŮҲ˵ģûҶ˼
ЦЦ΢߿µ岼ûͲˡ
Ҷһһͷˮʲô˼
һһξȴŲӵߣ΢սСҼСӺãżҲǻСƢģرԽµʱС㲻Ҫͺˡ
ҶȻ򣬲Ҳȥˣûѧѹֻøղ˵ҽֻ˵ҵ֡
Цݲãʽһ£ҽҶ裬︸ǵٵģ֮ǰһֱסڳݸҽʮ±ҪŸ׻ؾְģĸھǣҾȻˡ
ƺԼĽеˮҶֲҵλӣһλգǾһλ˵Сӡһλͯīʯ
ھǵĸոλͲ֪ˣֻüȻСĺѣӦҲ֪͡˵;½ӴĸӦҲ֪
ոۣ˵ոֻ֪һңҽλֻôɫȷʵп뵽Ǹոˡзų˵ĹâȻʺңռ𣿡
רעĸҲ̧ͷв졣
ҶȴɵۣȻʺ󣿾ռң
ǲǴɱռɵಡδбʵǷɵıܣ
оδ˽ӽԭС˵ҶС΢΢
Ӧãǰɣ
ӦãҶСҲ֪𣿡ģɾǼʺ˵ˣҲǰǸͨСѾˡôٵ¿ܾá
ҵֻ˵ѵСӡҶ費˽ǰСѾΪһʺԲз۵˵ֻĻˡ
ǾĿȷʵǺܴˡ
ǿǼıͽȫˣת˰ڽβ⻹˸һ򾡣ȫԱɱ
ۿԽԽףҶֻŬοԼû£ǷɵݣȻ˼ɥĲ˵㣬ӦòԱôرְ 
˵ˣдⱾС˵ʱΪֻ֣˸ֹΨһӵкýֵݡ
ţоȡ˵ʱһܻسȥ
ǿ˵ģҶ˸Ͷ˭һҪһ⡣
**
һߣ˶æŸҶȥ
ԼСⷿ
˶ӣʲôĶС
Ϊ˱ָ誶ȥ鷳СⷿڵĺԺеĹŮˣԼīʯīѡ
̫ӵһ໨ƿСӦûϲɫɾĴ
īʯһ۾͵£ǹҤĲ֦÷ƿ;⵽ɽ˴٣ֻֻһֻڻϵ鷿
һ
īʯķֻֻһסϵ걻ֻ˵¡
ǵ±Ƶġ
ļƥûж
īʯǡ
īʯԼҵѡ졣
ۼԼҵֿʼǷ£СⷿĶֵǣ誶Сô϶ܲµݡ
Ǿʵʵ˵
ʱܻȻ㡭īʯ˵һŷӦе˼Դ
һһֱĬī濴һɵͻȻЦһعæָر顣
ƳһһֽۣתؿⷿĿĶ Сϲġֲһӡ
誶Сƺʵƫ
īʯԼҵ¾ѣ˼飬͵͵ֻͬʱеͬ顣
ǻڳݸʱ誶С֪ǴӾкüξòظǴ̫ӵºӵ£ʱ鿴ʲôøеӡ
ͼǱĬĸıԼӡ󣬽ûܳɹ
̫ӵ°С¼ûвɹģҲ誶СԹͷ
ҲԹҳ誶С߽ˣûκη֣ƺ˼ҾĪؾͲϲˡ
īʯο誶Сô궼ôϲ£˵֪󷴶Ե¸Ĺˡ
ûڶԸڳŴ򿪵ĵһʱ䣬ʹװȥ˽⸵ҵׯӡ
ҵСׯֲ㣬ʱҶµ˸ԼƷˡԸµؾȥ 
磿
ЦĶŵ꣬ϲõɴ˫ۡ
Сվߣôˣ
£ȥ档
Ҷһʱ󣬡˵ǲȫ𣿡
⾩ǡҪȥ𣿡ۿڴеԥС⾩ӦǶԴ˲Ȥġ˽Ķȥÿ԰š
Ҷ豻ɹ˵ˣȥ˵һ¡һҡ
ȶԾȤĸ鵱Ȼʲô
ԸԳСԼĴׯϡ
ھׯǻʺﵱ޸̫ӵĻʵʱļױռ㣬滹СɽһܴĺΪϾʱҲ￴Ժ˿ԳӵĺɣɽһЩһЩɱ
Ҷɽժӡ


 34 

峿º, ɽʣï֦Ҷɳɳ, ǰһоﶼõӡ
ɽû޽̨׵ĺԭʼɽ·, Щ·οӿݣдʯͷ·
Ҷרעɽ, ʱʱ̧ͷһʱ֮䵹ԼһʼĿġ

ǰͻȻһֻ׾, ָ޳, Ҷ΢㶣ʶ̧ͷֵˡ
Цݺ, ûӦһ, ·͵ˡ
Ҷûж, İһʯͷƽ̹վֱ, ǰ濴ƺûʲô仯ľɫǵ
İŵС֣, һϺõů΢սЩǣźСǰߣһСƬ԰, ֵӦóˡ
ǵСС˲ҩ, ϲʵˮЩӳݸ˴ǸУҲϷеĿ·ϱȽϾõļˮҪ̹ôõݵ, ԣϣܾܵȽ˼Һ忪ˡ
˵Сãϴķ̫ӵ
СƵһСɽϡ
СɽխС඼ïܵӲݺ͹ľԣܿܶľ
ҶಽظţΪǰ߲㣬ŷǵִʱȻա
ǰͦεıӰ׾Сϲ֪Ϊη˺죬Ҳ·𱻶Էһðźû
һͷôˣ
Ҷ跢ȻĿⴿ⣬ƺֻǵɻΪʲôҪѿ֡
ţӦֻǰԼǣҲǵɽ·Сģʲôֵ뷨
ȻҲ󲻳ֵķӦʲôӵġ
Ϊһǣ֣ԲһѷɫݵҶȻԼԺ߰뷨е
̫ˣҶ裬ôΪС˧˾ôأôԵʮһնôãһòĸ硣
Ϊֱ۴覵ҸУ
ҶһﲻϵԼһŬƽСࡣ
϶ʮͻȻ棬ԷȻʮǰСһãټϿ˫ŻᱻһʱԻˣϤһͺˡ
˲֪ʹ⼸䲻ɽСҰÿ
վһϣǰһλñǻ͵ƽأƽʮùɫӵ
£һСƬᷢһҶ迴ЩɫСһĹӣʹһСξ·Ѿŵˮ
ϲĶǰҶʱȴЩ߰ͷ˳ǣ֣˵λöԵʮλȥ
ŽŹϿԲӣ֮ͷˣسվ˵磬ҹš
ʵǺܸߣҶܹŵĵͰ֦Ҳ˳΢ƵӣֻΪߴ䣬ɫƵĹƤӨĹ󡣿ˡ
߽ŲŲ°͵ίС΢˼Ҫæ
ҶͷС¶ֺõЦҡ
û˵꣬ǰѾ˫ȴ£ӱֱȴʵֱϡ
Сһӳٶ۵ʶ㣬СϵЦʱʧûңʶֱ۽滷סǰĲסΣȥ
ɾǳǳҩϢ֣ȵ£ı۰ԼԷǳǳĻȣҶһ˲俨ǣͰ͵硭̫ˡ
΢ͷŵͷ޴СüչǴĻȣҪһ𣿡
С￿ղŵҪŵλãܲժ
ҶֻӲͷƤתע̽طſڶԷϵ֣ǰƽĴԲժȥ
濴ʱִԲʵСֻвָͷĿȡԲʹס˴󲿷˼Ҷ軹ǲ¶ĵЦ
ժӵݵ괽ߣ磬һԡ
סԲָԲ˳ɾ͸ŽķۣɫƵĹɢųˮеϢմժĹûоϴ̫ӵͷŮеڴЩɵ΢ͷҧһڡ
дġǡһϸ΢˼ɽϣ糿һ컹Ǻشڳ˶С
̫ӵ±΢٣׽ʱϸ΢ڶ
Ҷ̲סЦ磬𣿡
¿еĹӦһš
Ҷˣժ˼ִԲò ĺ˱ǣ֭ԼҧһָԼιһڽ˶ˮĲ⡣
ѵߴһɫСƵĺƿ
Դ뿪ݸ֮󣬽֮ǰһûгԹˮ˵մժˡһȻЩԴԴϵ͵ˮ
ļ米Ѿˣɡ
Խ£ժ𣿡
Ҷֿ˿Χĺ棬ʵصͷģҿԴȥ𣿡
ЦȻִִǰߣ誶ԽЩȫժߡڲǻȥʱ
ǣССֵһߡ
Ҷʱŷﻹһúܴɱֱֱģɽڵİݴ֦ҶïſһѰŨ̵ĴɡŨ̵ĴɡﰼݵɽϣȻγһĿԵԲηӡ
ӡмǴ׳ֱɣȻγɵرΪʯ壬ϻʯʯʡ
ʯ£ЦҶ浽̽Ȼ档
ǲˣ
ҶڡӡתȦӳžͻʼԾ˼ʱǿܣһֱŲ˵ϾԲԭ򣬿϶Ǹղűʱ۵ˡ
ߵ˫米ϱ˱ȣͷǰı飬ҪҰ㰴һĦ
⼸꾭ͷۣררҵҽŮѾ߰ĦҶһҲѧ˲ٰĦַ֮ҲﰴЧӦû
ЦãתԾԾԵСǰᰴʯ£Ҳ۵ģҲ£л˵
ҶѵЩԥӣ棬æɵ˫ִʯϰڳӣʲô
ɫع۲ı飬㻹ǵСʱʹңļλӶʲô˵𣿡
Ҷһ٣Цͷ˵еӡǲǻ˵Ҳ֪
šΪʱ򲻳ӴˣͬĴ˶û˽⡣ûзŹϱκα仯һּ㵱ʱǵʱƺôϲǣ
ҶƮƮ˱׵ԺˣȻҼǵò̫ˣӦû
ϻҲܳϰʵļǰ˴̫ӵģڶѾǴɱܵĲ²ˣôҲôӦҪǱֵܹϵûãҪ˼ҹϵ׽ҪΪˡ
Լһ˺صİˣȻǸ׽ĸܡ
˵ȷʵûкҵļλӡ
ĵһ¾Ѿȥķ̫ӣҶʹԭһֻ
ֻе㲻ϲڷֻһ㣬ٵԼᡣ
û뵽оôôһĲϲܴļʻвĳôꡣ
Ҷһ˿Ծ磬ôͻȻˣ
аСüͷ΢šʵĸգȻҳʱΪȡ֡
Ҷˣֺû
ĸաȻʡ
ﷴ飬˼Щ١
𣬡ʵʱšȻٲ̫ӡ
Ҷհףʶ˵ԼһֱĲ²⣬Ǳ𣿡
һֱעӦ΢̶ﴽ誶ҲһֱôΪ˾ӦòôСӡ
Ҷ迴ǺÿĻȣеЦԭеķ̫һֱǸɱһĴڣ棬еݣǾûҪʶʶֱӽӴ뷨
֮ǰһֱǾԼԭǸֻ˲һµıС͸Ҳһֱƽ򵥵״ͻȻһ죬˸ʵĲƽһֱߣǹһǵͯʱ⡣
Ҷ裺Ҿ㻹ǵ߱ܺһ㡣ҽܿɲһΡ
Щ⣬ΪС̫ôܣȷϺֶԷֳԼţһʼĿܺȴûеġ֪̫ӵԼûвĵط˿
ת棬ʲô˼ؿɽСľϻƯŵİƣСҲͻأϢ
ҶʵûʲôعʱԼҧеŵʱ̫ͻȻǴóҩˡ
ᳶڣüС磬ҪȻȥɣ
 

 35 

磿
ԷӦ, ҶΪΪԼģ, ֻСĵ̧ۿ
üͷ, ͳ԰׵ɫʱǲ԰ֽɫѸٴӵ۹ȳɫֽȻͬɫͬʱ, ֻ˴ĿġǿһĨĻ, ûµġ
Ҷȴʱվ硣
, ֪ض׵ͷߣż˵ǡҩ, ҩ, ҩء
Ҷ·ץ˾һ, ߿ٵɨ, ˫ִҴææϵϷҡ
ռʣֲУ˲κ֥Ȼܽ⿪ϵĶЧػⶾ֢״, ҶʦΪҩƳ˷Яҩ衣
Ϊùβñ棬ǰ緢ʱǰһ͵ǵġǵӳݸ뿪ʱѾǰ㹻Ҫõ֥
Ӧҩġ
ǵ׷ΪʲôҲ
Ҷֻƴһһ̣󲻵ǰ羿ĥ
ƺŸܵС﷭ҵĶ, Ŭֳһ˿ԽԽҵʹ, ѵؿڣûеġ
΢Χ̫, ڻеҶ輸ġ
еĶһ٣̧ͷĿǶ˼ӦãȻ
ʹû֪ƻ̧䵽Сںڵķϣµͷ΢̧˵һͺˡ
ûдԼҲûбݡ
ʶ㣬Ҷ㶵Ŀ˵껰ָֻʹ飬ٷֲһ˿Ӧꡣ
ǡաС־ȵռȫȫеһƬհס
ʱ·ȥ˺ܾãҶ迴ͻȻס죬ϵѪָķ϶л
æվԼáǵ磬Ǻʹ𣿡
ûлشĻ΢΢ֳ̧˳䣬Դ΢̧ǳӣҿҪ˯һᣬɽ𣿡
ûҶشѾѾش£΢Դ῿վŵҶ軳
Ҷһֻӣã΢ɵ΢գ磿
ûлӦҶһת˿ռСľݵľ崲ϡ
Ե£ָǺñӣҶ뿪ߡ
ߵһԵǰϵд¶Ѿֻʣ²ӤȭͷС֥
ССһС飬ŵһԵһϣóõһҩĴ򿪼ӽȥ
ΪҩûҩյĿ죬Ҷزҩ裬ŵ˿һۣŴ߳ľݣҩĵŵҩ˿ռˮˮʼҩ
ҩõʱҶֻص߰
ڵĶôķչѾ͸ȫĸ䣬ʱҲһʼÿһηչÿһΡʦлᵽڵĶػ۵ԽԽ࣬ʱ̵ֻԽԽ졣
ʮǰÿÿʱǰڿԷɢԣΪʱ̣ѾʧˡڶԽԽ࣬
ʱѾ̽
ʮǰͳĶֻѽ⡣
Ҷѹ򴽣ڹһɫСӣص£ִĺɰȡһ롣
óָ˺Ľ£ֹǽڷ˳𪣬Ҷȴû˼ͣȫѾСǿŽϵѪ
ҶеؽַŻԭǿѪ鷢
ȻǸ˽ʮٴĳĴ̫ӣõ磬ƺûкǿҵġ
ʮǰòŸտʼʦѧҽԼ֣֪Өܽ⿪ϵĶҲûбֳһʧ
һʼ֪ϵĶʱ̣ȥǵҩÿһΣīʯȥԼҵ¶ʱԽԽܵʹ飬˽Ըţ֪ϢٺʦУīʯҲܵط
գٴǰȴûдҩΪҶԽȷܵͷ
ǰôء
ôãЦԶô㣬ԶôƵᡣǳ޵ķɣôͻûأ  
ҶһξԼԴãԴûԷȥԭ
˦˦ԺԴϰƺֻ˯˵꣬ĬĬ˾
ǲΪʲôøãٿȷûͷǾͻǿȵġҪǣϣõԳþõػȥһȢӣϥꡣ
Ҷ轫õҩʵ¶ȸι£ٴοһ۴ϵˣǰ£óëʺֽֽչͿʼдд
Ҫһ׻ѪĹߣѾûѪܵ绻Ѫȥ֮Ҳסڸׯˡ
Ҫؾ°ѾҪڶһֱؾֻΪ˷βͲˣÿãһ
Ҷ轫ͼֽ꣬ʱʹ˻ص档
ҲҺʱˡ
ɽµīʯ綼ûԾżɽҡ
ԶԶؼҶԼҵ£ɫһ䣬һԾǰߴͶߵǵʵ誶С㣬Թҩ𣿡
Ҷҡͷ
ʱ뱩¶ռĴڣɣôҪº϶ܲԡοҩӶֻ࣬ΪҩϡȱõʱѡһСָպܷӦеõļ
īʯ룬̧Լҵµ°;ͽҩϵ˵㡣
ĩ˲ŴҶϽӹԼҵµӣ誶С㣬ұɽɡ
ҶԸϣɽµׯӵʱѾɽ
ûٻȥׯϣֻȥ˵Ϊ֮ǰҪǴɽϵӵĴȻҲˡ
ҶһֱûѹׯϢһڸׯϷļܰסĿͷ˵͸ŵ͵ݻڰڼ࣬ȴһǾƷǽϹŵĻСĻǰ֣漣˵ǼֵǶΪ
̾һǮ˵Ĵ󣬽ôصĶͰڷׯӱԺϺҶͼȥϢˡһ죬жĹͷ֮
ڶһ磬Ҷܵˡ
ʱ̫ӵ¸պóͣ˹Ĳ֣Ավīʯ
Ҷһƨ|ĵϣɻߣ֣أ˵磬ȥס
΢٣£


 36 

΢, £
ҶҡͷܲΪΣվһֱؼѽᱣҵĶԲԡ
, ͻȻıΪ𡣡
Ҷץסĸ첲ֺõЦһ, һԻڵĶķʦһ, ϵĶԲԣ
ʲôʱˡָ˵С۵Ķͷͬһع, Ҳ
ʲôֻҪԽ۲֢״ı仯, ûʲôֹܹľġ
ڴӣЦЦ, һ, 㲻úǧ, ҪٰҴҵĴߡ
Ҷͷ, Կԣû⣬ͬ⡣
ʽؾΪΨһŮھ¶, ҪΪĹ룬Ȼᷴԡ
ڶ㲻ܶţʹҪ뿪ҲҪǰ˵, źҲҪˡ
Ҳû, ֻʣһˣҶżʣǵʲô
ۺЦؿһû뵽
Ҷһ, һӵϱǾô˵ˡ
ΪΪⶾΪŽء
ȥǵ𡣡

ׯӡ
ԴҶǵͻ˾ǣæŹһĶһֱæڡ
̽ɫʰ쵣һͺֲܹϣһ㣬С㣬ҶǿǴ󷽣ôĶ˵;͡Ǽ˵ǸﻹҪ󡣡
ԼѾԽԽԵΪ޿κΣֻѵһЩ͵ģ㽫ñ˿ˡ
̶ʱԲۣͣС˵Щǻʵʹ͵𣿡
ССùýģùǷ˴鸮ģټССϲ飬ϳ͵Ʒһ㶼֡ɾΪС۹⣬ž𾪡
ȵеͷ
̾ײˣ;˸ͻйϵĹоڻظȥԷ˺ͶСΪ󵨵ȥ
ҪʣԺִֻǼ򵥵£ǼΪϤͣȴʶЦݣƲǣ鲻ԸؿԺŵķ
С㣬Ǹ˵Ҷˡ
ҶʵԼȡĳƺǵһξʱԼ˵աҶû˵֡ǺҶ书һѽ˵ԶΪ߽͡
ֻ书̫ãˣϻͦ
ûǮȥҴ򿴲ԴǾһκ󣬺ÿǻǣȻҩǮҲǷֿθһθ׬ǮȻึ㡣
ҪǿʱģÿҲ˵仰̶ҪΪĽͿɵСˡ
̵Щͷһ˲䣬ʱѾûʰõǰֱ
ɫдŵǣȥ˵ȥҩ
ΪҶ˺ǣȥҩץҩʱ˳׼˵ҩȻǵ򶨡
ķԸ³ȥţ·ϵʱ̲סֹҶô˾ͲӦѧ˼ȥʲôҳ˵һ˱ȽأԵǵԺУ˶ǱȽģѣȥ
ϵĴû˵ĵú²ּǲȥġԣҪ˵ҶЩ顣
²ô֮࣬ǰֻһǵǵı飬θߴͦΣʱеعĵҶôˣ
¹ⱻݶڵŵĵ߰ҹֵ̳ʱʶһۣûԤеˣеԻû˵̧߽ڡ
ϰ߶ԷĳĬԣźϺŵǰȥͷķ
Ȼ֪شȻͷĵ˵СѾȥҩˡҪǺҺȥҴ򡣡
ѯţ¹ӳ¿ɨϡ
һŷֶԷһ˻ͦصģֵСֱϵＸ˸ɫղûע⣬ڲŷֿѪζ
ɵһʼӣϵĽŲӿ졣
ȻҶЩ֣ǾǸ˵ģҪȻҲһֱûֹСİ
С㣬Ҷֱۣ˺öѪ
սóҩɴ֮ණں÷ϣ̵ĸ棬ǵӭ˼ô¡
ҹ׸ţڵƹһ۾Ϳ˶ԷֱϱƵĺ£Լ¶ռСֱ۵˿ڣ˿ƤⲻϵðѪѪ˳괹µֱ۵ڵϡһɲĺֱ۱ѪȾ˺Χͬɫ
ɫأǰһõֱۣǣǰ¡ôֹѪ
ûҹ˵Ѿùϵļ׼˿ΧȥͷҲ̧˵̣ȥ׼һЩˮ
áӦһͼææ˳ȥ
Ůüͷ΢µڳȻƵ͸޾ᣬרע·ڶԴʲôϡ䱦
ӽžһֱޱ꾲ؿţͣŮ̧ͷʱִ
ɴ˿ֹѪ̧ͷһۣʹĻһ̡
ҹᡰš
ֿһۣȻǴûʲô仯ֻܵͷֹѪ
ͷ˲䣬ûʲô̧ۿǣһԵĻȡ
С㣬ˮˡ
š˽Ӹҡ
գգۣȻޱҶģֻΪԼղſĿЦԼۻˡ
ԼСķԸæлع
ΪѾΰ˿ڣѾˡ°˿ɾҩʵӦûûԹɡ
š
ʶ˽һ꣬ѾܼʱļԼתͷ̣гԵ𣿡
ȥɣҶ˺ܶʳġ
ָֻ˵Ķ
ҹ״ƿǸĳĬпˣ
ѾϰĬԵĸͻȻе죬ǽ͵еģѾȥˡ
ʾΧڵϵļӣЩλҶµģǼŻȥûҪˡ
üΪǽͷס̰㻻һ졣
ҹ΢֪ˣ촽鶯û˵
ҲĳĬЦ£Ҷɡ
һԵóǼҶʱĺɫ£滹ǸɫǮݵǰ뿪ʱûüҾøӦҲǿԵġ
Ķҹ¶Щķ꣬ƻǰͳ㣬û
ƺԼǰŮ˵ڲ飬ϵϢ򴽣ֲԺһġ
ؿһۣ̾վߣϾʱһѣڸպܽ˵Ļ
ҹߵıӰֵͷϰ˿ڣ૵ˡ
ƺ˵Ȼ


 37 

ѪĹ߾, ҶΪ׼Щ׼˽¡ǰȥݵīҲҶлݹǵˡ
һֱ, īĴһ·ͨسҶǰ
ҶΪ, һ·϶ûôͣϢʱۼԷİȻ, ˹ȥ˱ת˸Ȧˡ
Ҷ败, һ, ſЦڱµʱҲһӵ겻ıҲˡ
, ִһ˵طű˴˷ֿʱľ
ī͵Ө, СͯԼү䵽ͷ, սСֹү, ǶȻǻ᲻˵е̫Ӱ
лݹĿбӣֻͬѹɤش𣺡֪, ĻӦûġ
̫ˣȻմҶõĹ⣬˳ģΪôӦðݷ˱ʾ𾴺ò
۽·Χľ, ࿴¶Լү, ֻŬתעүһǵһμص, Ҫô񰡣
һ·صҶһƨڴڵع˺üˮʱо˻˲١
ϲؼ˵ţͻȻ뵽ʲôת˻ͷߵ㲻֪Ǹ֪Ǹ̰Ļ٣Ǵ뿪ʱѾˡҪļʱ˲飬ֻܻء
ԭڲι۴˵еĶӨҲתͷǣҲݣ·ǻΧٵĳҲߵķ
Ҷۣô˵ǵǴݳģ
ЩΪæŲԻѪĹߣ˲پǵ̡ǰͻȻͽֹٳˡ
һ׷£æµ̫ӵ²ŸѾʮߵİա
Ϊݺ;ǧΪֻɺϣиպþͬʱ顣
û뵽ԭѾӵô
߽ī㱧ŰѽһǴݣǴӱ
ī˵öԡ
Ѿ첻Ӱ⡣˳Ⱦ°ɫ۳ĵ޳ʱϵбͶ·ᣬʧһ̡һɫīʯ
Ҷ迴ǵһ˲Сžϲ磬ǽϢ𣿡
˵ߵҶվסȻشĻſûӦҶӨδ棬ʦϲ𣿡
Ѹݵлݹڳı׼ƣйлݹݼ̫ӵ¡
ĶҲĶҶҲŷӦ԰գҪˡ
Ҷͷʱסֱۣɨһī㡣
īδʵĳһӣҪлݹǰͻȻһѳĶֻͣ¡
ֻ©һߵĸĶ׼
ҶлݹͿ
ͬµӨȴۺǰĽתͷ򽣵ˡֻʮȥȻôûɫ
īߣۿԼĽȻջأڻﱧţıӶ
עճֵ̫ӵϣ˶̶̵Ľ浹û˷֡
ֹСĶͷſ֣סļ£ԼһϣǰЦҪվѽֻ̽Լ겻Ķʱ飬ǲöҶ񡣡
ҶͶ룬þòŽǰ忡̫ӵºͼѾģСϣüͷɣ̫ӵĻԺӦôУ
ѵΪһ˸ݣͲ𣿡˸еΡ
ûûСҶϣȻʮûס˰磬ʱЩԷԴԴԼԼ߶ϵĲ
ҶûѪԵϵĸ绹Ǵĵϲ׽ġֻһԷ˵ЩİԲŻоѹ
ѹζ˵ˡ
ҶС꿴ŶԷ̽ؽͣҾǾԺڵĻҺô˶롣
ûڵʱǰĳƺͺӨΪһݳôеż̫ӵݾ͸ϵĶӲ࣬ϡһ¾ͿˡοĶӡģûһֵ
ָָһԵī㣬ʵղ˵Ǹīʲô˵ĶԣΪʲôǵôͲǴݴģ
ΪݵҲǱġ˵仰һֱûл˵īʯ͡
īʯվһбɤӣӦ֪ǰ꣬ҳͱĿս°ɡ
ǰΪıĹʧأ˿Ϊļڵ궬̲סи֮Ŀս¡
Ϊжвڣʿ㣬񣬶̶¾͹˿߾ǳأɱӶᣬ޹ն
͢Ƕʱ빥֮䲻ҡڣɹԱݡµĽּ֧֮һ΢ʤһȴ˭ȥ˭Ϸѡ
Ϊ䣬мҲ̵Ľšۿ·Ҫʱδڣ̫ӵ
̫ӵıʹƿɱ˱Ľһʿ˵࣬ȴǸعϡĹң˵ʱʧء
Ϊ̫һֶΣʿɢڶ̶֮ոǳء
ɴǰ漸˳ǳصõĵͷ̫󣬱ļʹѾ˽ȻϷѾֵһǳǡ
ǿҪ֮أʧǾͷ·𿵳˴һȴšζһֱڱġ
أ֮սֳ˽һʱ䣬ֱΪʵټֲȥͣҳԼֵʳǣ긶塣
ⳡսΪ̫ӵĲ뿵ٹ¼˽ڳ֮˼ﲻͨļ֪ͥĸǲ١
лݹ뵽Щһ̫ӵµ̲סȣѹֺʲôϵأѵǱĴ𣿡
īʯǵġ
ˣôҪʲôֱһ仰˵겻ͺ
ƺԼ˼īʯɤӣ˵갡Ǳĺֵֺ飬ʱڽУ޳ܵı˾ԸǡȻȷʵһʱĿֻţǴüʱûɴҲûд
ǰʱǲ֪Ϊֳ˻ߵˣҲ֪ڶʱǻָģﲻ˶뷽跨ءݳʼȾļ˾Ǵȥġ
īʯһ˵˿ڻʲô𣿡
ӨһƬĬ쳤֣棬˵Ǵӱϣ飿
īʯʶһԼҵ£ֵͷǵġ
컨һڵĿûܹߵҩСΧֲ߶ǲý߸ķͦȥ˾ȻһûܰľͶȥ
ڳ˶ǶԳ͢Щ˽⣬ֵôôܶʧЩĬ
ƵЦЦ۳Ͷ٣Ѿʰ˿ͷЩԺġ
 ڱųˣ

 38  

ƵЦЦ, ۳Ͷ٣Ѿʰ˿ͷ, ЩԺġ
˱ŮǴߡ
߳, תͷಽС誶ң
Ҷ̧ͷ, е˵ͷЩԥʵ, ʱǲǶæ
ʦʧȥ֧Ԯʱ, ѾѪĹоòˣֻһЩϸڴĵ, ⼸ҲɹС, ǵĹѾ׼ϡ⼸п, ǾֱӰѪ
ֻģ̫߱ͻȻ, ۿΪ̫ӵԽԽæҶЩܾơ
Ҷº͵Ŀ½Լ뷨˵
꣬ڴı鿴, ͬĻֻʱͿˡ
ؼȫÿռĶ壬̵ʱûκκ֢ĻָûѪ֮ǰľ
߲ʧ, Χյյ, ǳٵĵƹӳС˫Уҫۣ·ŷıʯ
΢, ¹󣬵ʱҶġòá
ôæǺðɡС΢壬΢΢š
ҲͱȻ伲ҽôһ㡣
ε߷ΧôҪҪʲôʱ򰡡
ѹ˵ʵƫӣΪӵĮģԭƫĴʱѾʼˡ
ͬѾϳµĶӣʵ۸ӰܶûʲôΣյĲ£Ϊ̫ӵȴʲôΣյġ˵ĶҪܡ
ҶԹʵۣ۽ƳҪߣæס°ڡ
ʵҲ֪ΪʲôҪסֻǿתʶĶ
ѯʵҶתգգۣС˵磬ҪҲһȥߵİհɡ
һڣҶתһ飬˫۶ʱˡ
ѽܰβȴھȰˮеϾһԼ
һܸߣ۲Ĳ飬һзֲԼʱæʱҲš
ѧҽʲβ
ҲϵĶŪɵˣȻôòת
СҲ;ܾߵĴȾԺǿΪûܹԤҩ֣ŻŷɥǰСｿģһȥ϶ȱȾһ
СǲˣңҪҲ˲Ҫôｻ
ΪǾ綾ͨĶͲڲȥ硣
ҶѾ⣬ǲ׾ͱһܾȰ˵ġСŹ⣬ĵ磬ҾǴ֪ôԼȾϡȥɡʦҲȥûбȾϲ
̫ӵΣһֻǿСԴﱻΧȥͲ߶Ҳʱ㲻𣿡
²£綼ܼҲԡҶһҡͷĩסŵֱۣͬ˰ɡ̫ллˣҵʱһԹߵġ
û˵ͬ⡣
£Ҿ誶СȥĻҲǿԵġ
誶СмվڲԶ˵仰īʯɵͦͦ塣žͽյԼҵµϲŭЦʱǼһ
Ĳǹ͵ѾվôԶˣʵǺ誶СѰ
īʯ񺰾ȴȻǿضԼҵµѹȣǿЦŵԼ誶Сҽʱǿ誶С˵ܰϺܴæء
ҶҲò˼ˣԿѽѽҲǸͦĴˡղҲ˵˶࣬ǿ϶ȱٴɡ˵ܰϴæ
̫ӵƺ˵ˣҿǿǡ
ȻʹīʯˣҶں濴ڵƹµıӰûʲôԣܿġɲһ˵ˣ˵ǿ϶˿ڵ˼
һǾȥҶһֱڵǵϢ죬ͽ춼ûٿӰ
ҶӨˡǴлݹ͸˾ǵĴС𽥴ϢþǵİҲǲ϶ǰЩȴȻס̽ǵ顣
ǷҶǳţÿĵһ¾ٷϸ¡
죬ҶһصҵҶ͵ãҪȥʱ˳ҲǴϰɡ
Ҷ±˵ʲô
ӨڽϸĴȡžһҶͷϣõͦ˳֡ˢһȴ򿪣ܵҡҡŽ͵û˵ǻʵּȥЩ񿴲
Ҷ裺
Ժˣʥּ
лݹ˲ǲںŵԽԽص߾˱£ڽ糯ʱڳʰҪ󿵳سҽĴǰ뵱æ顣涨ÿҽֻΪտĴȻǡ
Ө֡ৡһӣ϶ͷԵûлСֵܵ˼ȻǵҲҪҡ
лݹǡ
ҶھǸжϺͳǽĸȥĸһҪȥģҲһˡ
ȻȰԼòҪȥҲ룬⼸鲻õԭǺġ
лݹһǣ
һͺˣʶס졣
ͽȻž˵˷ϡлݹεĿǡ
Өһңңָлݹλãžǣ޸֮ڼúøϰΣſ״ԪΪΪɡ
һ˵ȻӦƵصֵ㡣
ΨүĻСͯı˵һ£ҲǣûУ˵ġ
ƶС
лݹⱻסһһٵصͷ˵öԡ
ӨˣٴξԼöԣôǰô궼ûзءСͽܣ誶ʲôʱҺ׼㶫ȥͲ׳ˡ
ȫ̵ҶҲ⣬תתҪȥүͬľش⣬ȥɣȥҿҵҽˡ
ҽǿеһ֤飬ִҽʦִգֻҽʦִգ涨ĴȨָЩ
ڶ컹ǳ̫ӵ¾һԴˡлݹͲ˼ٶסڶŵ˰һСԺס
֪ʰ֮󣬾֪뷨誶϶סˣʱһĨڣԼ߿ЩҲЩǡڻʰĵڶҴҸϻˣҲΪõ˺üС
Ҷһ翴ʱѾˣұû
ʰõһЦеģþòѽ


 39 

һ˵˾ǽִ塣
īʯ˵, ִڳǽļɽ֮䣬ֻ֮һխͨλƫƧ, ռ, ٣Ҳ١ڰִȾߺ, ĴҲڶ̶ʱ䱻˲
Ϊλãٸܿ콫Ϊǵļ֮һ
ִڴйٱ, Ҷ迴īʯʾһ, ǾͺܿС
ΧҶ跢ȻûȾİΧҪȥ˵ô, ĲӦҲܶ, ִܴҲӦþôĻŲŶ, Ƕѹ
˫̥֮Ϭ, Ҷһɻ󣬲˳ɻڼīʯôһ·һӰܲᶼ˯ɡ
סĳ˰صĹٱͿĴͶǲ, ҵȻоȥ·ǲߵġ
Ǵұﶼֵ𣿡ִڵĴѾǱˣҶӦвٴĴ֪͢Բ߲ĽڲӦöǿ־ŵ
ȻѾֹˡīʯ˵￴һۣ·˵ô֪ġ
Žͣտʼ˻, ֲ, 𽥶ˣ½ҽǿûиߵķ, ҲԽԽ࣬ʱĻ̻ǰ
ȻأһͬӨȲ׷ʡ
īʯٻͷķ̧ͷ˿죬СС̵ɱӺա
ҶҶһüһȴ־ôҲûвԡ
ǳȥȻǲܣֲţһ̬չǿܾҪ˺Ĺٱʹˡ
ܶʱȻΪдţʱЧؽ⣬ҲΪ֪ĲжԶ
ߵ»ʵ۽̫Ӹģīʯ˵Ľ㲻Ϊ̫ӵģҲ϶Ǿ
ҶʵûоöԷȨǻѵʱʱѡһЩ˲ʹ飬෴ǿֻΪĻգֻܶԸ޹˸
һͿʼĿˡ
Ӻ󿿣ͷ΢΢ŵĳڣ忡ݱ¶ڿУҶĽǶȿȥܺؿԷµڡóۼ˵ģε˵ҲС¶ûۡ
ĹŮ˵̫ӵƣΪ鳣Ϊ˰񣬵³Ϊǡ
ҶԴеΣԼղŻԷԼΪ̫ˡ粻ǹԼڻʰ֪϶æ֮ʱǣǺˡ
ôţҶСÿӣԼǲҪϢԷѵóʱһᣬܵһҪæµˣϢһ־Ͷһ֡
ŰִΧƵһɽƽϣ佨мСķӣƺʱŵĵطõһ鲼ţӵ¡
ǵͣ𣬼͵˴߳аҶΨһϤˣʦڡ
ȸΪ̫ӵ񣬽ڲŷ˷°͵İ׺ӶҶЦҾ֪϶סǣæúܣʰʰͿæ
ҶԴ˵ȻǵͷӦ¡
ҩʲôչ𣿡
ҡͷ̾˿£ڵҩֻӻļٶӳǴʱ䡣
ΪûнȣֻʱοԼߺô컨õ㣬иеЧҩܸṩһ˼·Ҫһر컨ǲǸѹ
仰֮ء
߱ϢʼѾнһ£ڳĴҲоһµҩûһչŬʵǶԼԼҽĵĴľ޴
һλϴ򿪿תƻҩ²һʱܽģڻλȥҪסĵطɡ
Զԣ誶ȥźöٹڵĳæ
ûи뿪ҩīʯʹīīˣ˰ִڵ⼸ҲҪȥѲ顣
סɽҩ棬λԶĵİɽҲǺҩһͬһרŰô½ķӣīʯǴӸտٲõɽ·ȥ
һֻĸˣīʯʲôҪģԹ𿴵̫ӣλܰհƽʱʲôʱһƵӣʵ¿ƫˡ
ĬűǾǾҪҾ˵Ļż˵һԭߵֲ¸ģǱȥһ˺󹬣ٳֱּõ³ɻ
¡ӨͻȻ廰ʮŬѧı·ܽ᣺ǵ¿϶Ǻͻʵ۵Сг𣬱ͷ˰ɡ
īʯûԷһ³ĵ飬Ȼĵͷѽº͹ĸλǹϵ̫ãΪ
īʯ˵ͻȻסҴҿһڳҶúӨǶһ˵ȥӣڨڨ
˵ˣǱ⡣
ͷǰţɥҿ϶Ǿﲻˣû˱ӻ۸ǡ
īʯ˵ɿ飬Ҷ˶¶ͬӡ
ʱҶԭ˱̫ˣת³
½ޣټϹܻµĴ̨̫ڣҲֻǿֵԶӡ
ҶӨסһ䣬Ҷīʯס
Ӻ²ҪǷźöҲٽ磬īʯû͵誶СǸȵΧϤһ»Ϣһ£ȥҩæ
ҶҲȥҩ𣿡
֮ǰаţүһš
վλÿһɽµҶʵҩǸղʦڵɣôûпһ
ҩרڳҩĵطĵطһߡ誶С㣬ȥҩ㻹ǾҪȥǱˡīʯǵõ·ԸʱǸƮƮȴӲ˵
֪ˡҶԹԵͷôģžֻ֪ˡ
īʯ˿ʮȥ誶С㻹ôϲȻǾǵĹŮǿԱȵġ
ͬʱҩ׼ȥԷļλҲպ̸۵Ҷǡ
쿪ҶȥӵĴԾҽãҽô򡣲ֻҩĸҲҽϺгɾ͵ģҲ˱ŵŽһоߵҩ
ͺ͵λҽһԼİҲ⣬ԱߵĽڣ˵ҶСͽܣûмǰɡ
ڷ˷ӣɻʮ塣ô
ȴһȻ˵ı飬ΪεҡҡͷôСĹҽٺжãⲻҵһӢϷͿ
԰Աһλ򸽺ͣҩûʲôչǱæﻹʱ俴λС
ȴЦЦûֱӷǶԼͽܵɡʮǰҲôõģȴǱҺõû˷֡
ֻǰλӡ
һﵹûôС
㣬ӨʮǰʹʮӣӦжʮˡ
ѾϵİֻѾײĵļ˵ʮʮҲǲġ


 40 

ִ, Ҫ߸˾Ⱦ£Ҫ֢״ΪȡסѪ, Ƥ͡ŧ塣
Ȼϸ, ҩٲҪ뿹ҩ
ԭеҩҶ迴ˣļζҩûбȽǿĿá
֮͸, ȻԼﲢûʲôȨ
неͣλ¸ϴҵƴ顣ֲÿ춼и˽, ˵, 콩ֻܰ߷ߣû۹, ȻֻͷοĵСͽܡ
ªҩڷ˻ʻѾƺõҩ, Ϥֺŵҩ㡣ڵļλϴһѶѵҩ, ñֽϼ¼ʲô, ǽǰҩС
ҶҲһǰֻӺ˵ıСһ룬Ҳǿտյֻ˼ʱҽ顣
Сֳ°, ĵؿǵĶ
Ѿά״̬ˣڵһ췢ǱӺͲ֪ȥεֻڳԷʱ
ҶҲӵһʣֻʣµǡ
, Ϊûκνչҩ˽߲Ľ, Ӱ̫λòȣΪ鲻õ¶ٶȼӿ졣
ʧ, Ҳˣ׼˺ܾõĻѪҲûһ¡
ҶԽԽգֱſ棬ܲŮع˼
̧ͷʱ°͸ϣ˫ضſеĳһ㣬ͻȻæµļλ˵ʦмλȥ濴
λæţֻ̧ͷһۣһ˴æͷӦżԼо
Ƚҩһ̧֣ͷʱҶѾ߳ſˣһë˦Լһīˮس⺰Ҫȥ˶ĵط
֪ˡ
Сϳ洫üǲ̫ģɨֲҩģֻѹµǣоҩġ
ֻ˵ʦȻҶദʱ䲻ǺܳȴЩ˽ԼͽܵġĵĻ治Ƕࡣ
ҶҩֱֱŲ˶ĵطȥˡ
ʶô޿֡
ӼҶҲСʱΪܾЩʲôð纮ȴǴûйġﻹʱ̾ҶҪ
һ͹鹦ںĿռ䣬Ϊγһı֣ô༲ĸšܾµֻòˡ
Ȼô궼ˣܲεϸ⡣
ҲûĴʲô·ԶԶܿ˵ʱס
＾糿ˬʣҲůůĲˡ
Ҷ˵Ĵģܶɹ̫ǰĿյءΪ̫࣬ʳַ󲿷ֵϻһֻںࡣ
ϴ඼ܿŧ壬أеϵŧѾѳѪѾصʱ򡣿ɼʹҶǵϿľ
ֻǰ鿴ͺһسԶֻһͨ⡣
߽ʱһڸʢҵСע⵽һֻʢݵǰԡ
Ҷ˼л񣬿ǰİգգۣãҳԹˣȳ԰ɡ
ǰС꿴Ҳʮ꣬¶ֱϡܿŲ
ҶǵղԶԶʱһֱڰæʢ࣬ӦҲûüԶġ
СһûƳ٣˳ͷʰûˡ
Ҷͣ»ʲôһֱסİִĴ𣿡
ǣǰŽġԽҴʯסǱߵĴɡʯͷһָָҩڵķ
Ҷ棬֪ҩмоҩ󲿷ֽĴӦסһطġôô׼ȷزµҪشͬʱʣҲǰĴ򡣲ô³Ҵıġ
˭֪ʯȴֵؿһۣΪҿĴǣʲôʱסǱߡʯָԱ߲Զļ䷿ӡ
ʯ˽ҶʱΣžص˵ң̫ӵ˵ǼΪκǵĲоµҩе˶֪˵ǱߵĴǰҲǿȻҸûûǱ߹Ͳµˡ
ֵҶ辪ˣ⼸ҩҲûλϴţΪҩҪϲء
뵽Ǻܺദˣ֪ʱѾھԼŬҶüĲӡȥ롣
ȻƢ̫ãȷʵҪҵĺôӦôС
ôţҶ۲ڳ֮˵Ĳ֢
һЩᣬ滹ʲôԵı֣ҶҲ鷳ÿһϸԷһЩ⡣
ǴǲµݺĿģ̬Ϻϡ
ŪִĴ̫ҲͷƵɽͷ󷽡
Ƶǵ뿪ʱڵķӵ
Ҷתȥڷ·иʮ˵Ķͷʿһ˱Ҷ
Ӧûûע⵽æά򣬡ǰǽҪסĵط¾ܿˣźöӲҪ
ҶҪû֣͵͵ߣҶܣȻᱻ򣬵ҶΨһһɮˡħٵĺá
һ۾ͶһԵ͵Ӱ
ߵһ룬ոմҴһƳӳеļӰ
￩һ£²ֱȫͣûո֧еӰǸͰɡ
߸һһˣǵĹϵƺЩܵģ
ҶͷŬ߽Ⱥ
ͻȻһˣڸıԺдŵʱ˵ǾѲôҵģһ˵Ǽɫ¡
Ǹ˾ľˣ
Ȼûкܿ϶ҶôʱѾ쳤˲ŬϣѾԶˣǺһƬ
һȺǸп϶һȾߣܺǲľˡ
ͶǰˣǼദҲ죬ҶѾĸﵱɰˡˣ˵ʲôҲҪʺһ°ɡ
ҸʱʱŮ˵ĵУβȥҵĻǸ˺ֻܴʧˣҶʱڲٳ֡
ԼҺ˽ڣҶ¾ͻ˸
Ҫ˵һʼЩı߶߽ˣήҵĸ;ֻʣ¶ĵˡ
翴֮ǰӭѾ߻ŵĸ顣
㣬ôҲȾ𣿡
磬Ǿ֮ǰҸ˵ľˡ
Ҷ߲ɨԱ߲֪ˣ䣺λһĹӦҲǾˡ
¶ƤƫףóӦǲɹ̫ԵϣҲáٴϿȾߡ
ã㲻ҪǡĵطӦæ˼
鼱֮±·ϵĿӿݰģһֱûʲôӦ˼ʱֲסΡ
ҶǽԼͬʱƳ˿һۡ


 41 

òȰȥվ, Ҷ͸˼֪ҹרġ
ٳŵ֮ԻʶûҹףȫΪһҹ˵Ǽ, ֲǼȵˡ
֮, ҹеĴ;ͻȻǰ˾ҩǮ, ֮ÿζнڡھǵһμнʱˡ
ҲڷǱȾ֮ġ
ʵ뱨ĻԸӣȽȱӡ齨
Ӧòøǿġ
֮ǰûǮβҲһЩ, ķӦͦ˵ģ˵Щȷ, ҹʶˣʹƽʱһ˵, ܲżһЩ仯
ʱӦͦĵİɡ
ҹ׵һͷ, Ҷûټ, Ϊڶҹ׾ڲκ˵, ͻưִܵķ뿪ˡһ뵽Ψеļμнʮ꣬Ҷ;´ֲ֪Ǻˡ
ΪԷյĵطѵͬС飬Ҷ֮ʱܡ˿Ҳķչ, Ǻ͸鶫һһ㣬ƽû죬Ĳֳ״
εҩϡ
Ҷȼ˼ص۲Ĳ˵ϵŧͻȻ, Ҫ֪ȻڲܸȷʵпƵҩ, ֮ǰһֱƵúúõģôͻȻûЧˣ
ֻǸпԭڷֶ֮ע˵ı仯ִ󲿷˵Ĳ鶼мء
һʲ֪, ϺҩҶûȣǰ쿪ʼǵֵҩͿʼϡ٣ѾͣҩˡֻʱǺҩʱûз֡
ǹʱнϸظ˵Ҷȥ˸
ˣ֪̫ӴĶҲ
ҶҪ˿ֵҩģ򲻵Ҫҩ˺ܶ࣬ΧҲǣЩû
ǰ򲻵ҩĺҲϱˣҲֻյ˽ŵȵĻظ
Ҳ֮ŷɥҩɾȣΪӷֻҪʱ䡣Դͣҩ֮󣬶̶̲һʱ䣬Ϊٶ˰
ȥҲʧȥǵǻٴα
ȥҩ𣿡Ҷ顣
ʲôһʱӦ˼
һЩʿɽȥæҩҪҩĶǱȽϳģɽӦҲв١ôĴǽǱҩ
һֻ֪о̵һվôû뵽أ
Ҷ豻һЩľǿ԰һ£
뿪󣬼͵Ļȥ
˵İٶһܿ죬ҶصĵʱôǴʿɽҩѾˡ
ִɽţҩϡȱĵ⻹Լûˡ
ī汧źһ˱߽鷿£ͤСҩĶѾˣһҲܵǡЩ˱
εҩƹŻĶһŪģȻܽҲҪһʱ䣬仯̫죬Էϵһǵʱ䡣ıɹˣʹ̫ܽεҲõġ
˭뵽ҩԴͽǮԴϵ£һصô
ī̲סʮǰԼҵһľʾ̾ΪҶҵСԼҩľ˸ÿ̽㶼ֲҩô簮СҲǼҵˡ
ȷţʷЩȥֻǿһ۸շµ˱һָۣϵһ˱
ʷǳĸҲǳ޾ϸ
˵λߺܶĺүǻʵںƫ˭λλӣ˼춼Ҫ糯ʱһ¡
ī˭Ҫôù̯λ۶Լҵ°æдˡ
ӵӹʱɨͿԵġء
һӦǣŶԭǵдġ
ͽž͵ɴ۷ӳ˷ܵؿӢ̫ӣҪʲôʱյġ
һڣīʶԼˣ˵ɵķݡ
⼸æ£Ȼûһ˸ôҪ¡
ǾҪһ£黹ػشһ⣺ǰ
īˣǰϢȻ֪Ѿһİ
Ϊʲôǰõ֤ڲҪǵʮ˲Ϊ˽
ôţīǲʳˣղǵúԼƽϣ˭֪һڻӦǲǵ²һۡ
ǻīʯһء
תȥʱ۽ɨǽϣҶС͵һˡ
ǰǵõϢҶС㱻
ī뵽ǰʱµĽɱ˻˲ᡣ
ȻӢѹ˹أԭЩ˼ұء
ûһԼҵµĴǣ˵صķָġ
ôҪһ˽𣬴Ҳֻǵˡ
Խī˼·Խֹסҡͷԣ̾¡
ȻİʹںڰУĹҲġʹͬ·˭Ҳܿⰲοޱ֮¾Ȼ˷ḻġ


 42 

ī뿪, üҲϵĹڲ֪ʱڵİ
˫ֳϸմӻȡż, ſӱ޳;˻ơɬ
ע⵽Է˫ָѪ, ƣ˫۲Ѫ˿
üȥϢ, ŴմѪż
ֻֽȼ仰ʼʲȴ±ʺ, ܿд֮˵ļкͷŭ
һɨܿ, ȴһ̩ɽѹ治ɫһ̫ͫ
ɫȻһֱڰīȥסī, پӡ顢ǰ¡
ʮ, ҳȴΪȫߵһֵʿάΰ
֮߱ʾ׼, ˽󲿷سʿּ, ȻС˵ˣټΪ鷢չأڻڱسǵĽʿҲʮˡ
ȫĻ̵̻, ʤĺϢ֣Ҫ˵˱Ǻսһ塣
ֻϣ֮ǰĲöܶЩãȡԮ֮ǰٶǡ
Ϊ֮ǰڱԼϢ, Աȳ͢Ҫõ˴̵Ϣ
Ѿ۳˴ŶԲ, ϲſʼΪ۲ݡ
һʼҶڶԱֳûٵΪʹѣԵȵϵĻʵ˭⣬ֵĳúܿͰ
ͬվӵĳ, Ե̷š
ʵۿһװ˱鲻ãô˵޵ôѻش𡣻ȴҲһ̵ܴġ
ƽʱ˲ŵʱɲ̬ȡ
ֵһᣬŻվ˳ͷ񣺡£Ϊ⽫ɡ
մ״ʣվӶӡ
ղһֱͷڹĴʱ׷װϺꡣ
ֻͷɣʹ⽫Ǹõѡ񣬵⽫ڱµĿһӡ
Ҳʾվ⽫սڶԸȴḻ
顣
ͷվźüֵ֧ˣű˴˵·𶼴ڱصãεá
ʵײ˵ɫ
˰Σʵ۲ŵˣ̫Ӿء
ŻγѰ㿴һֱû·𲻴һ̫ӵ¡
ʵڲǲʶôҪһ̫ӣ̫ӵѾϹսھʤ󲿷ֻڳĽʿǡ
ÿÿ̫ʲôɼվӵĻʲôûӵĴµʱôȫһ̫ͬӻڣԼ
οǶ֪̫һ̫ӱ˲û̵ܹˣҲУְλ
ʵ۵Ļһ䣬һʱ衢ӡȻĿɫ԰׵̫ϡ
Ϊ𽫾ʤΡ
˼ĳ˿𽫾һģ˵ֻֻ֧ʵ۵һɣ˵ڱĶսľλȲѸߣȷʵõѡ񡣵һ뵽ĿԲ󣬴Ҷ΢µط
һֱ̫βϾ̫ӳ˲һ˾͵ʧȥ˶ԳþƵƿأÿһҪյĻ˵ǺܲԵľ档
˵̫ӱΪԭ̫֮λȡ
Щ֮ǰҲֻǵĲ²⣬ڵõ̫׿ڵĳϣǲŸӷˡ
ǰʱƵƵ̫ҽʱ˭õȨǶһݱϡ
̫ӷˣֿʼϵĻʵۼƼԼѡһòɿ
³ûлضֻһƫ˳ʹŸ»īʯִȥ
ִȱҩأ֧ԮҩҲҪһʱŵԽΪ׵ļλϴ͵ȡġִ滷ɽɽֲḻƽʱоҩʱ;ɽȥһЩµҩҩߵҩֲʲôϡҩģһ˼ʮʿŰִĴɽҩ
ʱҶҪŴ󲿶ӣɽֱϿŸӣһСͷͷϻһС޲ͷһƯũСӡ
뱳ı¨ΪʱõĴþߣ¨ޣܿʿϡ
Ҷ迴ԽԽŵ߽ȸЩΪѣ磬ҪҲһɽ
˿ӣҪҲʲô𣿡
òá
˶ôŸɻ͸һͿ
һֱôɿе㲻̫ã˼ҡ
룬Ҷӵݵǰ
ȰӰɣڵٸҡ
Ҷ۾ģԼִвͶĿ֣ɻ˼һûΡ
С誶Ҫˡű¨ӨܹԶԶͺ
ҶæֻӦ֪ˣ
ӨյĻشֿǸ̫ţֲ֪ܵǸС
ҶϰΪתͷ˵Ҳɽɡ
ڵλʵڰɽˣԸղŲӨȥɽѯ˳ʱ䣬ΪʲôȥȻΪṦɵÿ졣
˵ɽ˵ǴɽתһɽϾΧõĲҩѾ͵ȡĵļλϴˡ
ȻǸŴ󲿶ӳӨְ·֪ܲȥˣɽ·ϾֻҶ
ǺæɣղĿԸīʯȥµḶ́ССһѵݣȥҪīʯ㱨
뵽Է糯ͣع鿴ȣҶ谵һԼ
˵ЭʵλԼƴӵĻ˵Լ͵͵оæȷʵû϶١
ʲôܰæõطһҪңӦûеõġҶ̫϶˵
иҲǡšؾʱʶ˺ܶˣкܶСϢ
һӣЦţһģﻹϰҪʲôȱĿԸī˵㡣Ҵ
ǰߵôæֻüߵī֮Ҳ˲С
ͦõģޣһˡҶ뵽ЩѹȾ˲ųġ
ҸյǵʱҵǶͣҵʱһ棬㻹ǵðɡ
ͷҶеСˣû뵽ôæܼǵһСΣ
Ĳ鷢ֵ磬ҩ֮ѾûжˡЩ˵ص㡣
֮ǰд˵Сʱһ书С粻ˣ͸һԡ
Ҷ˵Щʱ˸ŰԵĹâӵʱ˵ңңҾ͸㡣
˼ܸӵ¶ı飺ô֪
Ѿ߾ġһֻΡҶְԼĲ²ʹǸ˵һ顣
˵ڴؿͨС飺ҲµöԲԣ
̬ºͣԡҲá
Ҷһʲô
书˲һʲô

ȴû˵ʲôֻԴؿһ۾ͼӿ켸ߵǰȥ
ºҶһͷˮ˵С书ȻҲΪⲻղ˵صɡ
粻Ǳߣ߷ˡһĹôôԶˡ
Ȼ벻ףһ뵽Լ̲û⵽˼һ˼ҶͲ˼ʡ
ҶʱԼʱʱҩġ
粻ʶ·ҶԼǰСͷŪ·Ĳݴԡ
żͷ˵ʱ򣬷ҲʲôΪһæҩģҶû̫ע⡣
誶
ʲôҶջ˽ĵһŲҩͷʱϴЦ
΢٣ָָԶһôȥһɡ
Ҷ¶ǵı飬ҩҲ˲ˣŲʶؾķߣﲻ𣿡
˵־ͿʼϵĿøղܻȥ˰Ϊ׼Ĵҩ衣
Цãûвֻл˵
ޡҶͷһûڳĲҩ˰룬ٵܻԭأͽ־ͰˣȻִҴתĲ
ͨһС·иʯͷţҶ¿˿ǿؾԡֽŲõظҪʣǰͳһֻǽڷơ
һ˲ĹҶľȻǣײ޳ÿȥģ
СʱȻû䡣
һֻ뵽Щ꿴ĲӼ˵ĻҶ迪ʼƤ¸档
ĳûάֶþͱˡ
ôˣ
զȻһɻˣѸٰԼûճִȥȵ˴ʯͷ
ķԽԽ࣬ǻǱĬӰҶ輴ʹ˱ʯͷϣɽѾ磬άȶȡ
ͷŪϻҩݣȴɺӵҶ豶м尾
һղ͵͵ԲʮС||ĵ˹ǰ˻һֱܵżڻ㡣
صס
ܰɣǸ˶侲ˣ
Ҷ˶ˡ
磿
ǲŵˣʵҲбСḻ沿ɻ󵽡
ûаʲôҶ͵̧ͷΣ¶һЦ
ô˵΢ɼ˿һ̬ûпġǿջЦ
Ҷû׷Ҳ˿һֱŵ鶼˲١ѵǰµӣҲеˣҪ˵ʲô
СһĶ𽥱ɵķۣȴıûƿ¶֮ǰ誶֮ˣ

Ҷ𾪣ûüķɢ𴦣ͼСѾһ𽥺һֻϺӣĿ˸ض㿪עӡ
԰׵Ĵһֱߣһֱ۲Ӧߴæ£С͵鿴ʱе顣
ʲô
Ҷ赱ȻΪԼ˵˼
ƽʱûԼŵԼתʱľС˵ľ飬Ҷ϶ó仰ıһ˼
ȻΪСϵķӦЩţȴ˾ճʱȴֻ˵ôһûͷûβĻԼ
誶
ûҶӦûеġɡ
ûеĻ
Ҷĵ˰춼û󻰣ɽճǿҩϵƻϣϷŵۣƺΪѵ̬Ҷһ
ʱҲ˲þˣ͸һΣ𼱣ã˵ꡣ
˵ҶСĵ
誶Ըҡ
ֱһľҵҶһ±ơ
ûԼ۵뷨ȵȲǣ
ͱ|Ͱ͵ҩڲظԶϳɼڵʬ
仰ϢӴȷһʱû
һл˵Ҷ˵ԭһºصǽʱ仹ûüһűĴֽͱͱˣשͷҵԼ
ͱǽ˻ǽһߵˡ
ҲСʱǣܶ뵽޸ԼɣʱʵڲҪȻҲóóȻ˴˵Щ
ղʣԺСΪԶԲ뿴ġ
Ц֪ЩǿѣҹӦþ뾩ˡ
ԣ誶Ծ֮ڸһظ𡣡ȴ𾪵Сº͵һ˿
Ҷ㶵ؿɫ֣ص꣬ʶͷá
ЦˣСԴ࣬ﱻʬҩݽȳŽ
߰ɣǻҪҩ𡣡
ҶʢһԴԺˣŵ֮ǰڸ˿ò֪ʲôĲࡣ


 43 

˲ʱ, 뿪󲻾þһɽĴ󲿶ӡ
ʮʿɽȵɽɢֲںɽ֮СҵרעֻиӵҶһҩһ߷ල, ҲȿҶġ
һΪǲء
º͵ЦЦӦ
Ҷһʹسǵʿ˵̫ӵ¹Ϣ, ʱĵһӦǣӦϲɽ, ϧӡ
û뵽˼ǽУһ㡣
Ҷ, ô, Ҫˡ
˵ŷֶƽĳĬ
ⲻ԰СʱͲ˵, Ĵβһ˵ͣ, 鲻ò˵ʱ, ҲһԲɫٺ˵ġ
ʱ˵, ׸õܵܶ岻졣Ҫô˲̫ܿãҶ̲סҪˡ
ɻأһתͷõ˵, Ҷ޹ˣôֱǣ
ϴֿʱǺúõģôһϵĹìˣ
ǿ·ʱʱʱעýµĶԼż͵Է, Ҷԥˡ
Ȼûì, ôһСΪʲô
ԽԽ֮ķΧҶ̲ס˴ֱϲڵļƤ
ֻҪ漰ãҶһĴ, 벻ɴͲˡ뵽ԼĿģʼİõָʹǰˣȻɽ˾Ҫҵİţ֪𡣡
ǻشҶװģػΧһȦһָһطǰɣǱ߻ûȥһ𡣡
˵ЩźƳϵĹߣ˻ԼϵĴ¨ҪǺһһ¹ߣ
ˡ
ҶһʹӦˣͱҪϰ䣬ɹҲ϶ȿ԰ǿ
Ҷ˼·ҶߵʱעϺݺһţNɪһ˲Ť泩ͻȻ׵ĽŸжɢȥ١
ѹֻǴϲ۸Соĺð
誶
ûתͿҶ鴤ı飬дЩɻ
ˣһ¡
Ҷæλÿ߼
㡣żСʯͷ
Ҷ˶ѾоʹĽţŻԶȥӰƣҲϰˣܿͱԶһòҩȻ̲ס⣬ȻҲǺܴģֻŴһͼסҪĲҩʿֵܣ˴컹ǼǴ
˵õûǵô졣
Ѹٻָ״̬ҶԶ˼ǲҩΣͼסҩԼҪĲͬʱ䡣
ĬĬר²ĽǺܿͽˣߵĵϻ̯һСѡ
誶һЩָ
ģڲҩʱ򲻿ɱں°ڴܿԵۼ
˵ԭһ˲˷˲ҩΪĲ
Ҷվùҩӣûɾȥ㵽Ϣɡ
Ѿٽ磬̫ǺܴȴȻܰɹͷǣҶղŶ׵þˣվʱֻǰðŽ⡣
һ˶ˣҪ˵Ѫˡ
Сվβȵػ˻ΣվһߴٵؿĬĬתһֻŲȸȥ͸Ż˻Ρ
ͬǣûԼվȣֱҪǰԡ
ҶһƵǰ汧סϰ˳ƽֱֻۻСļͷࡣ
誶ǲ
˵ں󾱲ܿ촫طҶֻһӣ˵ÿĿİͰͣûУû
ܵС΢΢סӣлǳЦ⡣
ίСĶУҶˣվòãվҪҷ㵽Ǳ£
ʣһ뾩룬Ҫżòá
Ҷ费ۣĽë΢΢䣺ֻˡ
վֱСļ룬º͵ֲһȥأ㲻𡣡
Сһͬؿֲ˼ҵȻŵġ
Ϊʲôġ
ңʧ
Ӧˣȴ㣬ʧҲûдӦʧ
΢㶣ŰζͷᣬҶʧǲû˵ҺΪ㽾
΢Цдһ˿䣬˵誶ҽǿĴܰҽⶾİβ¸ңửɰʫ
˵һСԼ֪Ĺŵ㣬Ҷ趼ˡ
ԭԼô
ȻʫЩǣǿɰЩأ˵ȴǻٶһ㡣ҲУ
㲻ҾʧҲԼʧģԲԣ
Ҷ㶵ͷš
Ϣȥ
Ҷ迴ڵصҩӣĵ˵á
ԶȥıӰﲻԣ벻ҶĴֱԼԴ˽

صɽ£ʹŲ֪ʲôʱðīʯҶǷֿˣҪ뾩Ϣû֪뿪֮ǰҪźùȥҩҩĽתȥ
ҶһӸղɵҩĻԼ䡣
ΪʦڣλˮƽΣڰҩ֮ԼѰЩҩԼķﵷġ
ٳŵʱ̫Ѿʼбɽ컺͸һ˵
˵Ҷûһİᡣ鲻˵
ҶǸ˴ڡ
̫ӳ˼ǳ־ͽæ뿪ˣռ˵
Сڸҵ׼ġҶѶīʯСģһĸλڼǺޡ 
ȻЩŤس˵壬һ˳˵ɣȥվˡ
ҶôСż䲻ͬСһֶǿߵ𾴣Ϊʮ䣬ÿÿҶͨŵʱżҲҶһ⣬ҶͰټֳһ˸˰ɣﻹŤȴһ׽ص
īʯŰһԶԶվš
Ҷ磬ϲ𡣡
ϲֻǶˡ
С˵仰ǵͨȴȻǿСĿůݣ˵Ļ·ںëȴ̩ɽ˵֣ŵ㣬誶
Сһ˲ըһ޻ǣġϲԴκŬһ˿ǽԼ˵Ļ˵ꡣ
ǵҪ뾩̣ټ̫ӣ⼸һæʹᣬҶҲΪԼʱ䡣
Ҳϲ㣬Ȼûеĳ̶ȣԸ㣬Ҳڡ
ҶĿᶨڴؿ㻹ԸȢ𣿡
þûزȴΪʱ仺Ӧԣȴû뵽Сڶϵӡ
Щ·ԶĵѪҺһ̾£һӿųȶȣڶʲôƺԼҲҪԸ˵Ѿõˡ
һյõϲĹӦͨ꣬ϲáἤδ롣
뵽ǾԤԣ뵽ԼϵĶӲŹˣȴĻһ˲ηǾԤԡ
κͲʱᣬС˵Լ뾩ܻᷢ£Լһеİš
ҶЦݣ֪أƶǶҲ¡
˶ôԶˣֲ롭໣ֲҡҶһΣţһ仰û˵أǵСˡ
ãοģǵôõĸ粻֪ϧˣȻһֻ۸
ҶСࣺٺ˵Ҿš
Ҵˡ
ţǻ˵ãһ뵽ǰŵľЩϡŹֵĴܣҶʼܡȲСôţϴǲġ
ֻһע뿪ԼϣҶСֹôأҸղû˵ʲô治Ļ
Ҷ˵Ҫ˵ƣҶڱ졣
߳Զһξڻ̲סͷһۣСƺڶӣҲЦһ£пĻ𽥳鶼⡣
Ҷ۽⿴ƺͷˣʶؾͳķЦֱۺע壡
īʯԼҵº誶˵껰ѵ÷ɵЩܡʱλˮʵһʩѹһûˮ˲ԸɵĲƸ¡
ƽʱãЩԸѵ»ӦһµѵһƤ
̫أǿҲǷοǴ˵жʮԽԽԽԽ˵ЩҲҪѹեʣļֵ
īʯԼҵλбɮ硣
ºβҶôߣͲˣܶദ졣
ȫġ˵Ͳٽ͡
īʯտʼͼ֪ΪʲôִǰȫĵطϾֻΪѹ̸ܹһˡһת־ԼҪھͲֻǸˡ
ۿŵԶæϣӲ̫ã޸֮ĵȴ׾ٵģôһ־öˡ


 44 

Ӱִ뿪ĵڶ, ÿ츺ɹ˾ʹ˻ʵּõ̫ӵ̵Ϣ
ʥּһֲ˵Ȩλӵӵ, ̫һ|ҲǷ׷ҡͷ
ʥּԤ, ǵı֮Уɵʥּʱ, Ҳøпһ仢ʳӻʼ޸ӡ
п˾ͿʼΪ̫׼ǰǴֻǸ, ؿ, ãвһ鷳, Щ黫ֿɲŹǡ
׼, Դ̫һ, ˿ը˹, ֪ñջʥּĿԼڣȻǼĴģһ뷽跨ûʵջسвϧв, һʼ̫ӵĴ糯϶Ǹָ
ʵۿҳһŵĳҲܣֻܴżŭ֮ܿûбֳôƽ
Ҳ˿, , ʵѾˣµĻҲѾɣһһ, ҪΪԼļ㡣
ɾΪһ֪뷨Իʵ۲Ÿһ̫Ӷûô˷ˡ
Ȼʥּǲջصģ̫ӵôжʵֻ֮졣֪ôЩӲʹ죬̫ӵò˺á
ǣ̫֮ڶ೼ǵԹ֮ϡ
̫һɵСھме˶̫սгʲô⣬ֱӻز⡣
ȻԸΥ̫뾩İڣݱƵƵ
Ϊʿһ·ߺŽǵģЩλȨصĴ֪ʱ򣬴ǵİҲ֪ˡ
ƫƫݱͨĴͳʵҲֹһʱҲû취
һȺҲֻűͺܵðպøе̫ٴ룬̫Ӣ䣬ս𽥴ȫ
ۿв̫ԽԽܿƣھһɨϵĲߣ
ˤƺŭ
һڹŮ̫׷׹£
һʾ˵ﲻ̬ڵضɲ
ô꣬ﻮô࣬ҪĲĽ
ʵŮšϸüٵر任š뵽Ҷˡ
ҶŮ˰ģԼĶӢ۾СǺƭҪľҶҵ֧֡
ҶҼֻǸŵ֪˼һΨһһƷСͱ³ܻʵΣ˴λؾ϶һմȨĴ󳼡
һж˷չ
ͻȻ̫СʱȻʰȥʼұԺǶʱȥ˽ϣҶദãЩ껹ҶҵһŮܡ
ҲˣѾֵ˾Ȼ֪ðĶˣ
һƻŽԲߣŮ˵ıʱ嵭ױݲֻ졣
֮ǰοԼŮԼĶӡֻǸµС
뵽Ƕû߲СƵطţᷳ
õǧүƫͰܵЩȥšСطĹûʶʹٺٸ߹кá
ضɲתϣȾǳɫָ׵ùճĲˮ촽˿ڱеĲָֻ˹Ķ¶ϲһЦ
һ̺ĹŮ̫ǽͷĸ͡
еļƻһ飬ȷһʧߣĴݣӯ͵صڿյĹУ߰ɣȥһϡ
̫ܿӽڽӭȢŮΪ̫Ϣȫ
ǰ̫ӻڴ̣̫ӾҪˡ
Ϣô󲿷ֲ˽İˡ
ʹͨŷִһǶȫƾ޾ҥԶһ˸磬˵ˮߵĹŴ
ڰ̫ȢǼϲ£ڹڼϲ¾Ĳˣ̫ӸմʤҲС
ڹŴ֪˽ģ֪ϣǵĵȨܵģġһ˵±޷Ŵ󣬰ǲķŭµĺԲɺӡ
Ű̵£Щ˸ûĶҴĺֻ̫ˮԭжԵĶɿʼðֵͷ
ʥֱּӴϷģϢܿ촫˰ִ壬ִ岻˶֪ҶǴеŮ͵Ҷÿγȥʱ򶼻ܵһЩĿ⡣
ҲͲôȥˣÿ춼ԼﵷģҩҲȱһӵģԼȱҩʱ򻹿԰Өæ
״̬ά˼֮Ҷ辭͵ʼÿǵĲ
ܿ죬ߡ̡̫Ӵ鼸´÷зʱδ̫ʹһƵҩܸߵϢҲڰд
̵ǣЩĵǼͬʱͨյõϢȻλ治˵ܡ
ȷҩЧ֮ҶīһʱϢɢȥ̫Ӷ귢չϢټҶؾ·϶̶ʱڷչĺġȦ
һ֪ܴӰǲɹģûδ̫ͷڣǹעصˣоˣȻʼæھЩܾǵĴ˭ͨ˭ȥעأº
һ˽֪δ̫Ϣͷˣô۵ص̶ܴϲı䡣
һ̲ס룺ԭδ̫ôôµ߶κãȢô̫̫ӿ϶Ҳһˡ
ΪһִԸаԣҸۡ
ڵľγɣҩϢ̶̰Ϣ龩ǣȻԾΪѸӿ
Ϊ׼̫Ӱ죬Զڱ߹ص̫ػǵߡ
ȫѵûȻͬģǻʹѹֵա
ŲʮӱڹӼ඼ȥˣȻöˣ԰ȥɾ̫Ϊѻúöˣ¶͹Ů̫˼׽ԲأССĻӿʼҪĸعӼ顣
һȺŮ̫Сҵʱ˼Ҵһ·ͷֻһ̶סͷǳµڳָ㡣
ûӳԼҶӱ˵ãǲǶˣ쳢ĸƬ⡣
Сʶؾҧס˵ݵĸ㣬ü˵ҲҳԵģĸΪʲôȥӼ࣬Һġ
˵㲻ǲϲȥӼ𣬻˵ʦ˵㣬ÿˡ
㲻ҳȥ棬ڷңҲܣҽҪȥ棡Сڣ㲻ӦҾһֱļơ
ͷۣٹһʱ䣬ʱȥˣ˵Ӽ԰ȥ棬ȥòã
Ŀ⻳ɣģ
ģ㿴ĸʲôʱƭˡ
£ûУƽʱ˵ˣȥ԰ĸҪһ˸ţôɿڣȥ棬̫˲Żỳƭˡ
ͨĸƭԼСʱϲЦտ˵ˣҾٵȼ졣ߡȥ׽Բء
һȺ˺뿪
ղŸų뿪ĴŮߵߣﲻȰȰү𣿡
˿ڻڵƬ⣬ۣܵвֲûȰʱùٸʲô˵Ҫȥĸˡ
ŮǵѾߣСһ𳤴껹ǺģȻüչڰοҸĶ˲ҲˣżĲǣֻҪֵžͺá
Ů뵽˵Լ£ôȥ˴ʱȻɱذԼﲻǳһƽ飬ߵ̨߽¯Ƭʢ˳
¶ҲЩ룬˻ʵסԪھžʹѹֵĵطˡ
˼ġϢ˶͸һѹֵķûһϢΪʵѾûİ֮ˣװء
ڵһһҹɨµĹˣƿŮҪԼ߻޵ֱͦŲصڿռŵĴһһأ·̤ϡ
ӡ


 45 

һͨլ, һСͯĽŲͽкؾҪܡôôȥ
˸Ͻܳ, 
ӵȻ⵫ܵĲ˻ͬʱץסԼӡԼ𽥱Ϊֵŵɤʡ
źӻ, ȥɫҰף嶼ڷ, ˵ͬʱԵѵźߣһ˨ְܿжź
Сͯһ϶Ĵڿ, ˽ŵȾ, ̧ͷԼСʣ, үүڸѽ
Ӹע⵽Լͬŵɫ, ѹҲ˵, ǲ֪ʲô, ܸܲ˵˵
̫̫´ֻֽšһ𣬺ǿЦЦ, ƺҪļˡ
Цˣ˵˵ǲǳˡ
̫̫ŵˣͷ˵ɡѾµÿҪ˵˻ˡ
ͷҲŵһͷĺ, ˺һ, ſĿ¶ߴٶӶϱСʱйһΣʱǶǽоûһ˼Ҹҵơ
󻢾ͷĶ, Ļ͸ˣȻأΪʲôҵƣһ仰ֻ˵һ밡
ͷһԴϣ˶С㡣ʶԼҲе󣬲ɽͷս˵㡣
ʮǰڵĻʵۻ̫ӣͷиӣ˵ȻҪѻλڵĻʵۣȻʲصʱʹ˼ıǣҪ췴
أôӮġȲʡ
ͷֱ˦˸۸ϸ̫ˡ
ôһûţ̫̫ŵҲһ㣬廰β֪ĸҪ췴ˣҪõ㣬溰ĲǺܶ࣬ɱĺҲû
ͷֱŭĸã췴ľûһǺõġ
ĳҲΧĺͶ˼ˡ
һȷʵ˽Ҫλֵϵʿ췴ģҲûмôֻ࣬ǧˣǸմӱߴ̻ģ⼸ֵΰ
˴λɹǽɱԱա
˵⸽ͨϰ˵ģҲǲҵġ
˵ǣﲻԶļֵסĶǳ͢٣ЩʿԱͬʱҲ棻ҵǣЩԱҲܵΣյǣ
ڳʱ򣬻ʹһ򡰶мӡĵѾ˺Ƥڶš
ءĻʵ۳شӴϳӣ˫ֱ·δʶµĶ
ѯʵľʽȴǿ϶ģЦˣЦúܴЦûڷŭеĻʵ۲һ˲Ļ㱡
һƽȫε֮ϵɷŵ⣺ǰû뵽ɡʵҲ벻ء
Ҳ㣬ŵλôǵĻʶαʱա
̣֪𡣴ȻΪͻʺͻ鿪ʼҾôˣʮˣȷʵǲôһʱᡣǡ
һתЦƵĿ͸źޣôϵôأǸŮ˵ĺӻԽԽۣӦǳ䡣ܿЦǰɣĸ״λ㿴еĲ㣬һעĺӡõȴһӡ
Щ˵õûص㣬ʲô˵ȫһ⵹ʵȻʶľѾˣЩȻɫȱ任볤õĳĬ
ʵ֪Ȼ˺ƤضѾȫ׼ƽؿų谮˴뱲ӵŮˣʲô
ʲôȻ·Ļ䣬ֻʣ˵ĴͻȻʮֻ¶һ˫۵ĺˡ
ʵ۵ڳԵŭѹֵĿǵͨ죬ȻҹὭ
ʵ۳ڿưٹٵĿģԸȦһ˽⣬Ұαװ䣬ЩɢŨɱԲһԱġ
ŭӶģڶ޵ϣҸҩһȻʺߵøһ㡣
һùһ״ƿ˳ָסʵ۵°ͣʹƿ˿ʵ촽㵹
űҩҺʵ۾ȴһ̱ŷ˵Ĺâ
еҩƿͻȻڵأŭĿ͵ɨס¥Ҫ𣿱ҪϢϡ
˻û˵Աߺ˶ſˣ׼̫߶κãССĶѵ˵ˣ̫ӿ¥÷򡣺ӥ¥׼һǰ۸Сġ
ѹϵĵܵܽʱľôһ仰
ûڴ̵ˣ۾Ҫɳˣŭڳ֮˵ĶĤôڣ
ϴƵҩƿ¶˽ĵһüһڵҹ׵ĲͬĿ͸Σˣ
ˡ
˶Ų䣺¥ûŮĹҩģʱе㷴Ӧ
ҹ׿ĵ͡
ֻʰ̯ӣ˰ͼıȨλĸѹΣȻ̫ҽʵ۽ⶾ
ⶾϵĶͬһԴ˵ĶҪô׽⣬ʺҲж鲻ˡ
Ȼʵ۵һڵڶ糯ĵʱ򣬴ʮŭؽĸΪ񣬳Ҿ֮͵ˣûĸĻʵ˵ȫ̱ˡ
ȻԸʵϣڻλøãֻҪٸ鷳ͺˡڿɻ뵱ʵۡ
ʵ۵ˣ֮ǰҲûʲôʥֻּ̫λ̫Ӽͱ˳¡
ȨĽûһʱɲˣʱҪæŽĹԱ죬ʱѾȥ˰¡
칬֮ҹ׾ûͻȻʧЩһֱæߣżְæӹüȳʵġһ̬ػһúɧӣæȥִ𡣡
·Ҳգһڴӵ٩Щ첻Ǿȥôû
ҹױųĬԭ򣬶˵Ծֻʱŷֿȥǣ
͸һȥı飬뵽誶˵ԸҹЩΪԼʱԺȴһδȴҲеò˼ˡ
īʯʹԼҵ֪Ҷõ״磬ֻǵҶΪ˾ȵ°ӻˣԲŶʧô꣬Ҷ˱˹ֱû˹ӵļ䡣Ҷ뾩ٺ̶ܴҲΪ¡ں̫̫ںҶء
뵽ҪԼҵ¿ˣīʯͶǰкøУڼôһ鲻ɵú棺¼ܵã¼أ
īʯȥǰ̽·
īʯ֪ҹʾΪԲŻôһʡȴ֪ģΪźīʯԶһ㣬ҪȻ߳ŭδӴס


 46 

λڱ, ʮµůģ˸оγǵ·;֮, Ŀ֮ǱóȻƵķ羰ľ, һ˵ΪС
ִѾʣٲˣȷϵ߲Ȭ֮ظ, Щ򶼿Ҫ߹ˡ
һ˳ֵʱҶӨԼڴһʯͷɹ̫
һμ滹ǸոձŮ, μѾʥּͻʽδˡ
ͼ, ֪ݺֿϤҹףȻЩ, ־ô, Ͼһμʱ֪Է, ֻΪ誶һλֳ, ֪˿˵ʱе㷸ˡ
ɻδ˵ͼλ̫ӵµĿѾԽںҶϣʶ˿, ע⵽ҹڿЦЦ
Ҷվڸ߽ˣϵıЩ߇壬硣
˼˶, ֻԴ, º͵õˡ
һ˲·ϵȾ͸źůͺЩ촦ʱĮ, ˳ᢵ˲һ
Եת䷢Լǰ⼸챻ѹեҹ̲סĿ
Ǹ̫ӵе棬ǲΪǰǲǵ̫ӣģֻǾҹһͲ̫ǻϹлӵӣҪ˵ײϵģҲòǰ
ΪЩģǿ۲ԶһۣСߵߵˣô̫һ
á
˺ðβһ𾪵ظã
ʶؿ⸽Ҷ衣誶𣿡
ҶҲѾͻȻδɷɬ΢ָˣԾЩߵʶɻĿͶ
ôˣʵʱĿҲЩĺվڸߵģϾ˲²⡣
ղע⵽Լδģѯʵϡ
˺СɣһĲúܿСڴĿʧĲһ˿ۼ
Ҳգ̧ͷʱԼܸ˵Ҷָޱҹ嵭Ͷһףǵ׸硣
ʶҹмˣԸ˽⣬øӽӲı飬ԼͻȻ壬֪Ϊʲô۵ͬʱеЦ
ܵҶⲻֱŰҽţˤ˸ࡣ
ŵصһʱת˵׸磬Ȼ㤵ط˳ԽԽԼ׵ҶˣǵһγԹϳԵԼϡ
˲ŵϢҶ˴ӵ֪һ֮󣬴׸翴Լп˶Լǵͱģγһ㣬ɿܵԼֻ̽ԴĿ¶ش
ͬ𾪵ҶܿͱǰŪᡣ
һʱ䣬̥ܶһ˫һģһ۾ǹͬĴ磬峺Ĵ˺ڴ˿˾̲ס
Ļںҹ׾ڵȴе̷һֱڸԼûµģǶǺܺúֵúöԴĺˣҾǲԼЩһҲôˣкܺõĹϲô
ǺѾ壬ĵ뷨ǳԽԽ۵ĽȥѾ뵽ǲҪҪôǺڡ
ʵ˷̫ʱ䣬֪ԼСΪͯ£Լ֮ҹ׵ݳ֪ȵδĸؾ֮һ˵ʱ֪ܶĲ֪ĶһõĽ͡
ؾǵϣƵƵ⿴̫۸ɴѳȡ¸Ҷ裬º͵ı鿪ʼˣƳδӶĺɫһ㶼ͬ顣
誶ȡ͸ŵɫѪܵסڴʺѪҺָл԰׵ֺͲ԰׵ɫѪĵôĿġ
üϵѪƺԼŪٳΪеΣ̧ͷСﾪֵıʱ͸޻˵ˡ
ϳһɫĽỺزɾϲѪ˹ƺ˺ܶ飬οسСЦһ¡
Ҷ迴ŶԷһЦӿѪ¶ݶմѪῪʼƲסžžµҩֶ߶¶ͣһѵҩϣһ붼ǵ
żŵظȻ־Ųˮȥ
ͣ¡
ӵһʲôͻȻ
̵ĳͻȻЩҵͣ£ǺѾˡ
һ룬ΧͻȻֽ˵ģͨյ书ǿˣһסΧʿһĿһµس
Է书ǿѵأҪһس־ʹ
£
ҹ书ߣͬʱ߰˸žҲֻĿѵؿһȺ˶һӵϡ
ͻȻͣ£һζĳûһ׼Ҷֱ˵ϡ
ڽӴŵҩζʱҶĵһӦҺҪѾ˸ղŹö࣬ˮûˮˡ
һߵĵһתͷ⣬ֻü˫һ򶷵ļһ̱ͻȻǰʻ߻ϡ
ھһζҲɱرײͷ״ͷĿѣǰһƬһƬĺڡ
һֻֽץųľһֻֽͼС̻ڻ侲ȱ𶯡
ҶܿͲˣŬδ֪ΣյĿ־塣
ʱǱҶӵĳṩ˱Χ·߹ܶ飬ֻ⿴һۺϳɽһ·
ŻζĽأȲ˵ܾ񱼵жΣգЩ̿;׼һ׷治ţֻһ׷Ͳһ·ǲͣ£Ҫܿ㡣
ͷСɫĴĶͷ𡣡
ҶѵصһͷǶúõģ𣿡
ֽͻȻЦ£ͷٴСϵĴԣõġ
ܿ͵ֻһ֮ңľ룬ԶԶĴ̿ǼûмƣҲ𽥷Ż׷ϵٶȡ
ͷô졣µһҪ̫ӵʬ壬ҪˣѵҲҪʹʿҲӦòɱɣ˭֪ȥǻ
еͷźܿʧеתɱ׷̫ӾȱȻȥ
˻ˣڸо뿪ʱ˵ۡ
һҶͱʧظȻʹͷĻȻܸоõ׹ʱϱɽ硣
̹ǵıʹҶ˺ܶ࣬ƺʲôҲû룬ΨһܸܵΨһůޣҲĿˣҪ̧ͷٿһȴֺܿ챻ÿŵѹ˻ȥ쵽ˡ
µͬʱҶֻоõһɾӱϴ˵һɾϳһξ롣ͻȻıһֱһֱĵһȫĺڰ


 47 

峿, ɽ纮̹ǣ˿Ƶ͸谭еľڡ
һľҶ˫, ʱƺǱĹ˯, üͷŨ̵ܾĽë˲, ˫㶵עǰªݶ, һ͵صɴ˫, ӴӴҴЬӾܡ
𣿡
ڳҩ, µӦǸС, ﲻһϲ, ôˣ㻹ûﲻ𣿡
пߵһϵ, ô˵𣿡
һѹûһҶ㱻, ڼܰǾ˵ˣʶͰһݡ
סı飬شҶһ, ãȻ޴, ۿͺˣֿʼõķ룬һ˿ϣСʣҵҵĵطûзһ˻˿𣿡
ǣ, Űȱ𼱣ôһˣӦһطʲôΣյģȳԵ㶫Ҵȥ
ҶѣεԴһ˿ĻᣬҳԲ£ܲȴȥ˵ĺҪ
¶ɣѾһһҹûԶˣ
ûϵûۿΣʵڷĲ¡
ǺðɡҲͲȰ
ҽõ㶫ȻᣬܿġתҶղųýһһӳ߰ɡҲԶ
ߵ߶˲ȳһɽС᫲ƽżо֦һ·²ԶҲķ˲ʱ䡣
ǰ·һͼɢŵ˵ˣ
Ҷ赣һ·˷·Ʈڰյģϲ£û㣬Ϊңʶػش𣺡ʮ塣
ͷԼţﲻ𣿡
ǺܺúܺõġҶ뵽ɬɬģˡ
ΪҶԼ˼άңһζ̶̵·˼⣬뿪һ˵һѺδദḶ́Լδжöá
ĬпСĵôͬʱֲĶһ˿ϲ
㣬ʲôˣ
㻹ǽ̰ɣұҪܶࡣʮ¶ʮһżתܿطˡ
Ҷò̫ԣµʱʮţǶˣôո˵һһҹϸ룬Ļ˲ͰѰȫע˻
תɽһ䣬ǰͻȻ˲٣һľݲСֵķӳǰľΧɵСԺǰվһˣҶĲҲܺشǸ˵Ͽӭǡ
ǲӭİˡ
Ҳˣô⣬ǵһμʱҲѺãûСﻹи飿ұС誶ʱʲô֪
ܺãһƺֱӾˡ
֪ȴȻһָһ䲻˵ȥɣҲˡ
佫ӷһߵļϣҶҲ뿴ɽʵѵˡ⻹û߼أͱס:ȥҩ
ʵǶΪһȴǲϲҩԴ֮ҩĶﴦΪеΡ
˽ʮĹϰת˷ȥҩˡ
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ľݵķСҶźһ۾Ϳڴϱʵʵûһ˿Ѫɫϸܴ΢ţҲҪúʹ֮һɫ
ʵʵڵˣ֪úõػţҶ·һ˲ҲɽȻƽոȾŸһ·ĵ԰ƽ
ľߵߵĶ̶һξ룬Ҷ߳һôյ֮Щϲ£ֻһܼ򵥵Ķ
ڴߵĵϣû¶ȵϣ΢ЦſŻԵˣ૵磬ʱţ̫ӵ£Ҫһֱš
ʱ򣬾ͿƯµС誶ڵϣ˫ճյضŴδɷСŵĶ˴ĵתͷǡ
Ȼһı飬ֹʲôÿģǸëӡ
ϧǰŮ˽Ƣֻ̧̧ҩ룬˵ҩʲôʱҪι
ڡûػشȻԽߵĴߣˢˢգۼѾ˺ü룬ٶȿ쵽Ҷ趼ֹȷĶʲôλ֮ŷŭصףô롣
β㶮𣿲ͱ졣
Ƴһۣڵصصһڳ֮˿ٶȸ룬ⲻˡ
һ԰վŵƤûѾͰѣҲĳ
Ҷ˲˫۽Ż˫۵ˣڴһ˿ί磿
ӯСһ㶣Ȼչüۣ΢ءšһ
Ҷ޲ȥһܱҺǻǵöԷϿˣʱס塣
˾ͿԳҩûȥһֱվ봲еӱߵҩС誶ȴڿ֮ݵһ̣һҩ롣
һʱû뵽ͻȻֱֹ߽ۡ
Ҷ¹һӦ죬Ĵҩʱнӹ
ղλ¶һ֣Ҷ²ԷΪҽҽҩǿġ
Ҳ֪ǵݣ˵ҪˣûʲôôֻΪʲôλ̿㶵ӡ
̣ʲô𣿡
Ĳɵǣֻû뵽˵ôࡣȸιҩɣҳȥȡ
Ҷ迴˵ʲôµӣЩڵעϣûж롣
üһ˼ظţȻ󲻳رۿ档
ҶȷûˣһСظѹιҩһ߲ɫҩעռռ¶ˮ磬Ҹղż̿ķӦе㲻ԣ˵ǲǼ㰡
괹ЦЦЦһ㣺˵
ֶ˻Ҷ裬æ˫ţؿķ˫𾪵صɴ
֪ٻ˵ûаյĻļȥĻʺ
ҶҲǺ֪統ŵݲþͻؼңΪʱʺΣ֮ûˣ֪ȥʱûüԼĸһ档
һֱʱʧȥĸף׵ӣлûУΨһܹȻҲȥʶʺ˵Ļ˵ܴһЩĸ׵£͵ǶԼһЩο
ôҲûãҪĻҪȰãþٰڵЩˡ
뵽ǸƢе㲻õҶϣ¸ʱõʧĽÿһ˿пܹⶾϣŹ
ѾѾţô˵ԷЩ˵еʿų˲ƥ֮ԵľдƢŹ֡ĿǰƢŹֶˡ
ҶҲ벻Щһ˵İĲ²ڵڶȫõ֤ʵ
ϵʱȥҩȥ
Ҳ֪涼̸ʲôڳҩ˶ãǾ濴˶õֱҩȥųſʱҶ跢ƺ޹ۿģ͸һŨصıˡ
ЩĵҶȥ֮ʶȹ۲һɫƺͦã
мʺ𣿡
š
ѹ֣˵ʲô𣬲ȻôôáҶЩĵ̽ǧǻʺʲô飬Ѿˡ
ϵûлش⣬Ŀ⺬ЦؿȴϵĶܽˡ
Ҷ辪סˡ
ѹĵ׽ʮĴʯͷͻȻŲһʱ֪֮öڴѾõĻʲôӦ
ӦҶ޲ûʮΪʲôеȥŪǵöԷǸػιҩֻ֮˼֪⣬֮Ϣˡ
̨£ҶһһԼո֪ݡ
ȣ˵ʵأôصʵֻڵĹȣڵĶѹסһԷģֻҪ֮ǰĵָͺˡ
ڶȫǽ뺣ҽӨǸʦ˾
ϵĶȻܽ⣬ϵ̫ˣټϻϺγɵ¶Ҫֿһһؽ⣬ҪעҩⶾĹҪܳ꣬ꡣ
Ը뿪ɽȣҪⶾǱԼǻ̫á
ޣУɽµʱʼǱȻȥģֻһ֮ʵչ˲̹ߡҲû˵ʲôʱȵģҶʵӲûܶϡΪʲôʲôͣͲ֪ˡ
ҶԽԽģԽԽȸԾõЦֻصϣֻҪܽⶾȫ⡣
죬ƺĶǵĴڲͷˣҩʱһѣҪҶԼҲܿҩ䷽ҲҪ̲סҪɶԷˡ
ĿҩСҩ뿪ɽȵʱҲ̲סظ˿
ǴСľһ·ֱߣïܵԣʱͷʱ·Ѿʧȫİķ羰
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