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 1 

մδůĴһԵĴƽׯϵһƷô֨ѽ죬¯ĲϨһñ䣬ĹޱԼһϱŸоůһЩ
ȥ˴߲ܴţһӶûУóʳˣѵˣޱȵĺãסеĵطҪã飬ζҪЦѡ
Ȼֻˣصʮ꣬򷢵ׯȾ˷纮ûܰȥһꡣǶƽ˵Ůȴ֪ôŮŮ˶ƽ꣬ĸ۰ĳ󣬶λĵչȴСѾ߱Ůȥ
Ůÿ춼Ķ߶Ѿߣģ˵ͲΣգȥﵲ
ʱǸɵģΪﲻƭ¾ΪãҶ죬Ȼôûа취õһЦ
ȴ˵ΪΪԼŮã걻䣬õʹԽԽ࣬һֶûϣԽ󴩵ԽᣬµȵСѾ߶ЦԽĿ뾡취Ľߡ
ֱһΣףΪʲôﲻ磬ΪʲôǶǴΪʲôҪߡΪúͶƽϷ̫ˡ
Ϸ˵ۻͻᴫƽλڶΪΨΨŵŵԽСø˶һݵĽߡ
Ȼ㲻㣬ǧݻǱͱ˳ʱŮѾ˳жճӣδĳжˡǵĽηվӺ棬ƽ˺걧һʹ޵ĳ档
ˣռ˹λãԸãԵ
ҿĶôôడ
޵ǽһ滨˴жճӸվһߣ겻벻񶾵ݺݵһսսǸˡ
ף޸жճӵһѾ˶֣жͶƽӶܶݡôܵίȵӣпܸģ
껹ǳж̣ϧֻܿ࣬ŮΪŮݣƽԣ͹֮Уʹ಻㱻ΪںĵλŮ硣
εںСԽСԽǱ˿𣬵ﶼãһܲӣ˵˾ĺһ仰
ɼҵĶӲಡ齶꣬ʱ޶࣬Ҹϱϲϲ̨ϱ˼ҲҪҾʹӦɼҵķˣ޹ȥҵĶϱ
˭֪Ƕ̫˻˵̽һгΪ¹ȴΪ˼ʵĶ󣬴Իͬһϡ
벻һµĴǲ˹飬֮䲻ϵ̽һһ߽δߡ
˻Ϊеĳ裬һױıȥ޸һˣλ̤˼Ҵŵʱ֪Ⱳˡ
ǿЦѭ浸һӣںСˣΪ֮¸ˣûûҹѧϰ黭ʦ˵ԳΪһңɼأ
ȫڼ˵ԶǴ׵ģԶֻǸϲ̨ˣȡҲˣ֮ԱõС¡ôײΪǵĴģ
֮ǰ˷ҷŵıСѾߴڴϲ˵ţۼҴԭΪµթµ۵ǻۼҴӳ˺ˣ˺أ
Ƿأ
˭Ƿˣ۸ϵϷ˵ˣǲǸ͹õǺүﶼ磬һײİҸط˾ǣܽۼҺүزɣ
һѪʲô֪ˣһ۾͵ׯϡ
Ǵһӣƽ˼ѰƤ̧һ£ĻᷣЩǮɽ˴򷢵ׯϵֻһˡ
һνϳԭҪׯϵĵֻû뵽ӲȻȥˡֻҪҵ˴鷳һβ㽫´
ἱҴҵĸϻȥźҪׯ壬Ҫ취ݡ
ϸİ׵Щֱֱۣǿ鱻ɫĵõĿҪγѪĺɫԪ̥ǣ԰׸ѵĴϸһĨЦݡ
ֱϵ̥ģֱϵ̥һģһƽϴ趼ֻþƲϴɾϱƭ˶ƽһʮ꣬ƽ˻ΪǶǼõģһ¾ҪŵƤöƽ˿ʲôģ
֨ѽ֨ѽһδŴ¶ޱĸ첲һļƤæָջȥ
ջظ첲ûиоůӴԽԽݣƤ񲻶ðԽԽ䣬ӵԽԽ̣¶ͷͷ̵ˣĵȥҪճɸɵӡ
ׯϵǰһ죬ͱһˮԺվһҹٻȥ
ⳡԽԽأ֮ȥҹµҪЩԵĺȵģûҵһЩҩ
һӣסŹһһǳߡׯϹӵסûǴĻλӦǸѸҲλӵĻŽ򷢵ԺƾɵһСӡ
ƷߵҪһӣ֮Ų鸡ʱҪӱ·һһǽ˶ȴĽŲ̲ס̧ͷȥ
һڼϣбһۣһ˫ǵӸպúϣæͷĵ֪˭ҹӣƾһ˫۾ͿԶþСķġ
ϧˡ
˳ʲôӶûϵתߵӼſڣźڼ𣿡
˭һţأʱµĴϵһżϹţͷùӵסţôţŶһС졣
裬ҪһЩβ
ȥȥȥôׯӣĶŪ㲻ǸѾߣһܿȥͿȥȥ;ϯһⱲҲ͹ȥˡܷģԼǧС㣡
˵̱۶ȴգֻǲɳƵɤ˵ĪҪˣҲãһŮׯϣͲ鷳
ʵﵱȻϣĺãֻϧϵŮˣ˵ĻǷһ
ֻ˵Ǹ׾챿ģôˣƤ·ɵĴһɡ


 2 

סһžǸСٽСžҡĶܼ򵥣ֻһżϥİֻнŲôߵİʡ
ڰϣһŵ¯Աߡ
һֻůȴҲЩָĶͷϣݵ̾һộŶ
ڳк˽УһСɹŵ¯ϣһ¯һ߿ڣסɣ㲡ٻȥҸЩһͺȡ
æҡͷȻ˵ǻڡµ軹ָء
һǻȥɡһ֪ܻĲ¡
ʲôջŪ¯ĲںĿڵɽ߻ʵԶﻹ֪ׯ²ɣ
û뵽Ȼһİϸܵů۾˲ʪ󣬻۳ʵŷյӸ˸ӣĿڵ裬ллԺ󷢴ˣһ
аŪջͣ˫пԿ⣬͸¶Ц⣬˵ʲô𲻱Ұֲͼ㱨Ӳÿ¡
΢΢ףȲССϵʱ򣬹ؾأȥԵþнʵȴΪǴҹ㡣
۵һ˿ȣѧĻ͸˭ѧģ
أסˡŮ֮ѧľǹأǸʱΪ˱ʾĺã˹۵ǡ
ָӣǵŮѵģֻһЩ˸еˡ߶дһٶѵô᲻ã
뾡취ĥ϶ֵĴӹ΢Щλֱĥû뵽а
ϸػһ̵ֽǾͺ̵Ƶģ֮о¶
ˣǸĿȾѧģѧЩϲ̨档
ӼǫĹ֣֪˼㲻̸ۣרעջ
ܵĻðŻƹ⣬յĺܿ죬һյʱ䣬һ뽪ͱӶ˵ǰȺȣںȣܷ
жĽӹ˫ûȴס룬Ĵ˿˲죬ڴڵĺš
ȵһ룬ϵһĻǸ˫˲񿿽ӣʹĿʵ裬֪Աߵׯ˭ҵ𣿡
ϨڴѺͿҵׯӡ
ȻѺͿ
صСϱӵžѺͿ
ⱲӾȻô׵ľͳ˹ϵ
˼˵ڵһϱӵѺͿҲëǸûʲôõĶ
ƽѺͿׯһǸɺϰˡͨһеϱڵĺȽ
ûɫõĸɻ˳ྶôͻȻ뵽
룬ŵĲɾǣ·Ͽׯһǽˣ˵ǽ￴ʲô˽ȥԱߵׯӣԲôһʡ
ĵϵĻңԭΪһ˵ǽǰҾ߽޲ȴ˵ϻбĻðѱĻܹ͸ˡ£Ȼһ͸ˡ
˵˵ţӵԽʲôõ¡
ɻأͻȻվǰѹȵľӸµĶˣ
ʲôӣ˭κӣ
˭֪ίľСôͻȻͺ˸Ƶģ
λӡüëĴյһ𣬴ֶûڲѣ֪֪˴
ʲô
һȹϵӣһɶͷԣͷʵλӾ˭
ѺͿǱӣ
üչػصǰߣ˵һãȻ޴ӡ
޴룬۲֪ʲôطţȴû˵ӵһ˲䣬һ͵վײŵСʡ
ӣ
סָף۵ײ͸¶
ѺͿǱϱӵķûһȴΪ»ʷķ
Zֲ⡣
û뵽ⱲӾȻôͼˡ
軹ûֵĲС˹£ոջ˫۳׻ָƽŲæĿڵ裬ǽˣǲɱ¡ѺͿǴزΪС֮ǽ
ԡͣС£ζʮĶԺҪȥӣѺͿϲǧԼһɧ
һλĸöÿ㻹ôϸȥ
֣صĴӦ裬ģҲԼǻ
˵꣬һƵʣµĽתҪȥˢ롣
Ұɡ
룬뿪׺ݵüֻһϢʱ䣬˻ɻׯϲˡǷ˴ˣׯڷֻзһ·ˡ
мĸסˡԺ󲻻᷸Ϊѡ
γǸĳˣҪΪ˹ׯҲᵱˡ
ֻҪ뽪ȻֱסϵĻȻȴ޴͸¶ŹػûܵĸȻ鵽ˡ
ڴϣҸۣ滹ǳǳУŸԼҴӵӣ̲ס˵ﻰ裬ͺˡ
Ҵӵͣסˣǰ˲һɵĶ˫ҪһգͿʱǻع飬һջ֡
ƽȵĺĿ⸴ӵĿմͷŵ˯գӿЦһ£Ҵñӡ
ߵʱ򣬴ֿһİţ˴˯
Сѡһ棬̫ûɽҲֻʣһ룬ǿĲȥҲûڼңӦׯϵĻûꡣ
ׯϵ˼֣û׼ʲôͰҪֻȥ·ޡʱ䲻̸һʱ̲ѣֲ֮ʲôˣȥ·޸
ƫɵ·ˣǰ滹ˣֻͬ⼸һš˴Ŵ鲼ׯĲ⡣
ǵĶвںѧĹأ˼ЩΪʹС˲ׯϣʱںѧأӦҲǶ֮ˡ
ȴһ£˵ܣĥѡںѧ֥ǣͱĥµһɶһɤĸζų


 3 

˵̫̫Ҫǵׯϡ
̫̫ôׯӣ
̫̫ǰЩϼҼ棬ǺүȢޣⲻͻˡ··ׯӣҪׯϢһߡҸ˵ǿҪץᣬҪǱ̫̫ˣ˵׼ܻغˡ
˲ñ÷Ķ䣬ֻԼĻˡ
ϱŮʱ̫̫һ࣬ԼĳȻʱ̫̫һģһ
ô̫̫ߣòԽԽ϶̫̫Ļɣ̫̫ȥԼ˵ȻǺõöࡣ
ؼֺ̫̫ô̫̫ߡתһȦ۾һׯôˣܻ֪̫̫ϲá
˼յλ˵ߣСĿ˵λӣ̫̫ׯϰ𣿡
˵꣬λ˺˲˼⣬͵һһЦ˳
ǴʲôطСɵϣѵ֪ׯϹµ̫̫ǰźģһĵ̫̫ϲҲΨһһԼׯϵˡ
΢΢ſСŰյԴ͸뵽ôׯӣҪׯûϤ̫̫ϰߵˣ̫̫ôׯӣ̫̫ߵ˳ôܻ첻һ£
ԭô
Ⱳˣ̫̫ؾׯϻϤ̫̫ϲõ衣Ȼүȥϱӵͬ
ǰ˻شĻͼɿһྶ˵ĻҲȥˣֻȥ裬ʳ̫̫ϲá
ǰٶȲ·ǸѬĵط֮󣬸оࡣ
̧ͷŸո̫ĵطǿ̫ڱȥֻһ㵭ͣߣϴһöĶ
ع𣚣ں֮ޡŮӺϡ
ʫ
ҲͨĶǸУϺĵӣ˵Ļˡ
Ϊ֮ʼϰ֣ʱѧȫ徭̾ĴϻۣΪж㿪ҲܿȡϧΨѧУֻĽˡ
λ޸Z˱ѺͿȥ֮⣬ʣµľʱ䡣
Zһ鷿кö飬ÿ֮󣬾ͻһ֮ʢڡ
Ͼ֮Ϳ˹ڸطסʯ֮鼮
ʫͷŷڲ֪ߵ˵ǽһԺZ˫ֱ飬ҡͷԵ
ĺͺģڼZһɲȫɢˡ
Ϊʲô춼ܿЦת뿪ˮ
ZСѾڿ֮ûЦЩ
ZıۣϼǱߣֻҪţŮֻҪĶᡰӯô˾ǣ˺ˮޣ
ͬʱЩɣĵԭǵأע⵽˺¡
ԭZ͵ڿߵЩҲν
֪ʶһССľٶ͸ıZķʽZ켣úһƥֵҰһһƫˡ
ֻſ뿪Z򲻿ɸԼ鷳
СܻصķӣڴڵĴŴˣðһĺЩ֮⣬ӵǸоˬ˲١
Ѿ˻¯ϷһõУͷ󺹵ĻµæʵĶȥˣŷһĺٱðţ
ó־ɾͷϵĺϴϴ֣·޵ζ̲סϴϴӣ裬ұˡ
ߵߣ𰸰ϵĵɡ賢ҵա
ȥȥȥСӼҼҶʲô
跴ﶯˮһеıȣͺƷһ
ʱǳС
۾ֱˣӼûôˡ
ʶ٣ǡǡ෴ļʶ϶ࡣϱѺͿﱻĥⲻȥæûһ˵Ĺ򣬷ĵԵڸϵʱĪǳ˶δܱȵ㡣
ͣ˵յ˫Щﾡ˼ùżˣһĶã˵ں̫̫רó
ˣһ־עĵλܵͣ仹ź̫̫ˣںʲôã
ԼСûͯ޼ɣʵΪʲôׯܿࣿ
ЦҡҡͷЩ£Ը˵
ǿĿԽᣬĿȴ￴⡣
ظ𣿡

 4 

ظ
з˵ͷǵıĻظ
Ϊūū澣ǺǧȻ˲֪Լˣһ԰Ҫ
裬ظܰ𣿡
Ķ棬ȴ΢飬ǹǲ͸¶ĸ߰һ˲䣬ǰͰ͵Сū澣ƺŸ߹ݡ
ϧˣǼӣƫһλ
ԽϧԽҪǾ͸ˡ
ĵĵȴ죬ҾͰһΡ̫̫ܵׯϣúóԷãҲܴȥ̫̫
ϲʤҪЩǽ鶼ˣһ϶ϡͿģ˽극֮˯ˡ
߰걻ָʹɻ壬ӻ㽡յʱæĲˡ
չóһ°ȹڴֲڵͭǰ棬٣ﻺһλഺõСѾͷ
ʮ־£Ϊ֮ݣøˮ۾һƫƫ崿ġ
״ٺʲֻҪһվ˾ͻԶΪǱ۸ġ
û֮軹óֻСʽᣬͷϡ˸鶯
Ưվߣգǲ㣬Ҫǿӣ϶ôˡ
дʹˣ˲أ
ڻڱװϳɣĸ׹ذⷽȴװϳɣҪװһЩϲ
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ϲ˵꣬һ䣬ģҸ￴꣬ͽȹ
ЦСӣСɵѾͷ㽫ȹңһءһװȹѣˡ
һᣬӼһĵĸл衣
ˡӸᣬ̫̫˵ӿɲá˼ϲСϲ졣
ΪЦȥ̫̫סĵط
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˵Ƕ̫ؼиŮСׯͷŮˡǧС㱻Ѿߡ
²á̫̫˰֣׵è̫ӵģӣ˼ϲұһλĸӵѾߣѾͷǧС㻥ˣ
ŮȶæЦ̫̫֪ﰡλٽʱȥ½㣬·ϾѲׯ˹
Ҳԡ̫̫Ǻ˵û̫أضֲٽȥݷĵ⻻˺Ƕζûܵġο˼Ѫ֪˻ҼҵѪҾˡ
ûӣ̫̫һЦ̫̫ѪԸãֻҪ̫̫ڣ˵껹ܼܲƽ
ֻ̫̫ƺֻһɻʱ䲻ˡ
żӣ̫̫
һ̫̫͸˵ЦˣСѾͷˡׯϹÿɺã
һׯ䵭Ļ磬̫̫Цŵ̫̫ĸūׯϹÿɺãŸ̫̫һٷء
˵Ҫ͸һϼˣׯ
̫̫ξ͸ȥȥͬʱҪӦһ
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ĿĿ̫̫Ļ֮⣬ƺֲ֡
̫̫ŭɻȴ͸ǣ赹ЩԴԼŮ̫̫Ҳһˡ
֣ûɵʱ䣬֣̫̫㡣
Сߵ̫̫ǰͷ
ĺ뿴̫̫ʲôӣū澣ֱӵ۾
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æ˵̫̫¶⺢Ӵһӣһҹ͵Ҫչ⺢Ӿͱ޳ˡ⺢һ䣬ѧѧء
ʹһӣ̫̫̬Ҫ۶ˣĻҲǺ˴һӾ˵ĵز˶һܣ
ָ̫̫Щ˵̫̫ôܣ
򴽣˲ۿȦ̫̫ǰ̫̫ڵĺڹܼҡܼҺܺãǾĲŮͻÿ¶ԼǮ͵áū澵Ĵԭ£ԭҲūӣūò
̫̫ۣѯһܼǮںʱ䲻̣ѵǮû
ĸ̫̫˸ͷ̫̫ū澲ƭʵū澵Ǯȫū澵ˣ˵ұҵķáū澵Ǻ̶ū澴ӣҪūԼ⡣
̫̫ǰڵۿСѾͷԽĸ׵ˣôöԼĺˣ
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̫̫ϣʵ޲
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̫̫۾ԽԽ䱦һ㣬ϲ˵һСѾͷϻۻ飬ϲغҲһȥ֤֡û˸۸㡣
л̫̫
һͷϵɢһЩõĲˣǸмл֮վߡ
̫̫ĴһӣĵĿڣùѧŹܼҹȻǺ£ʮС²ȫЩû˰ôУ

 5 

峿΢΢£ϡ
ߵסһŹӣСѾͷ˵æˣͱˣʡİﵹæ
̫̫ߵһŮ̫̫ǮϻӵˣǺүҲҪƺһ㡣
˵ĻѾһ̫̫ѾҲûвŷġ
ϱ˵̫̫û֮飬˳澡
ڵ근ʮߣش󷽣Ưַ̫̫ǳã̫̫ͬź˵̫̫׼˺ôһʼױҪƸء

ֽ˼գգ۾㣬ʲôֲ˼ġ
СС˶֪ʲô˼ЦŽĻȻôɻҾͳȫ㣬̫̫˵⼸Щ˼ҪϿȥ̫̫ϸ̫̫ȥ
á
ı̫̫̫̫裬ϸոˡ
̫̫ū澸顣
ð̫̫ó۾顣
̫̫һӵ飬̫̫ĺܷҪʱ䱣һ˫ʹ˺ôܱסȥ϶Ҫˣһһ£̫̫ˣ
һ̫̫ı飬СĿڵ̫̫Ҹɡ
飿
̫̫ժ۾¶ȡںʶȻֵþȣûʶֵȥʹѾͷʵǹ֣̫̫ӡֲһ֡
ǣūСʱѧһЩʲôʫԣʶֲ⡣
ʱ򣬻ûʽ븮ѾߣΪĸĺӣ̽ãһ˼ҶĸĺŹȻȻĳΪˡ
Ϊ̫տʼʱûأͱѧ֣ȴѧʮЩƫϵĶԳӡ
ʦԽã͹ⷸΪӦôĵİȫҪ򣬿һۣܿġ
꿴ԽԽԹ֪ʲôӣ͵ļūȥѧأһѧ꣬ȻͳѾߣˤӵǰһ죬ոΪѾߡ
һҪֺ̫̫ǱߴУ̫̫ĶˣҸŶ
ʹˣ񲻺ʹͷɡ
̫̫ĴıۣС̴̴ֵĶš߸ֺ
߸ֺǸӣࡣ
һ߶һߡû־̫̫ԱߣȻĸһ
һʱͷС̫̫ѺͿǱҵĴ밲
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赣ǵĶ̫̫ڣ̫̫ӼǸ鷳ѺͿϲ
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Z֮Եֻ۾𣬷绪䴽Ѿͷ㡣
˸ۣͲԸZZȻ˵
ԭ׼úZ˵ĻûˣķıZСˣû̫̫ķıף³ܵøΡ
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Zãлƽ̫̫ͬʱĹ۸Ҳһ㡣
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æϵı飬ط£æ̫̫ǰ̫̫Ϣŭū澴ˡ
԰գȻΪZġѾͷ֣̫̫ǰĹء
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̫̫˵Ȼ겻Ů׺񣬿ҲϾƽ˲ϲ̫̫Խǲ̫̫׺Խˡ
˶ƽ˿ģ̫̫뿪ͽܼҵȨŪˡ
̫̫Ըȥ꣬Ը裬ԺøŻˣĲ¡⣬ǹܳģһѾߵķúòһֱôôУ
ϲʣβأһֱôƤͷȥʲôʱ˷̫̫
ðɫлл̫̫иඡ
̫̫֣صĿ˸ͷūл̫䡣
ůƽſڵҰ¶Сѿյ£ҰݵϾҲһɴƵ£ۼ
һŲڴҡҷˣҫҰϣƵ˵ôҪſڵȶã
ⶼѾһʱˣȶվˡ
겻źۼĶ˶ţҲû⣬ſµҰݾվǲɴƵ¸ˡ
걻Ůţū澷ȥЪһЪɡ
ţһȥЪţҪһТ
겻ܶΪһнľ̫̫ò׾Ӫĺ
ˡ
 6 

̫̫»Ҳһɴ
ںſڵȴϢɫ
ͣںſڣϵæ̫̫̫̫֮ǰѾȥʵʵվ
˷￴̫̫ˡ
վǰǶƽͶƽˡ
ƽТһϮŵĳ˺룬̫̫æӭˡ
š̫̫ȻǸˣɵƽ˵ʱϵЦݾסˡ
ƽһʯɫ˿ͷϴһԶн̫̫ѹȥļơ
Тϱ֮˴뱲ӣڷ֪֮ĸ׻̫̫סѾܲˡ
ڵȽݰɡ
̫̫бһ۶ƽˣֿڶƽ򸾶һӣ˵ͷڶƽĲ½ݡ
̫̫ռ̫̫Ĺݡ
̫̫Σվ̫̫󣬿ŶƽͶƽ˴˸̫̫ʱ΢΢ӡ
еﻹǵ١
ֱ̫̫֮ߵǶƽͷˣֱߵǶүڶƽ·ү
ƽжӶŮүһһŮүŮһӣʵʵ·նϡ
ŮСġ
Ϊӭ̫̫ƽŮٶϲһ
Ҷﲻڵʱÿɺã
ƽ̫̫һĽ֮飬ãõĲˡϱľҶˡ
ƽϰĸʱӴ϶ƽˣεȻ𣬿εĽûã̫̫Ĳ
ô˵ܼң
̫̫Ƥһ̫̫ϲҲϲ̫̫̫̫ǰ¶ڹܼңɼȻ̫̫˵ˣȻǶ㲻ȥġ
ȵĿƽˣƽվ˳
ڣϱǽһЩС½꣬ŽҪ޸ﵱճϱЩƼңýڹЦ
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û
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ƽԽ̫̫Ϳˣô򵥵ȻҪʳ
֮ĿԹĶúܲڣǰ㷢񣬲źۼĽס
һķ緶ûУ²˼ʡȻԹһСѾߣ⾩˲۾ôһϾе¾޵ģ
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ټТιϱĸټϷ˻󣬼˶࣬ɵķֱһûѡ
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мķ˸ۣλǱķģʲô²ɣöԣֱӽƵͷϡ
̫̫ҲϱŮôϱϱʸϱЩ
ϣҵôѡ㵱ҵĶϱ
̫̫ôˡ
ƽæӡ
죡
̫̫һʮȣöƽԹԵ¡
Žûܺ÷ˡ
ƽСֹǿҵĵλˡҵˣ۸ҡ
˵ʲô
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ϵĸǵ壬ٰݹӼƣǻʵ۵ʦ˳̫ʦ
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̫̫ȻȻΪ̫ʦŮҲǼõģǱûϵĵϸ
Ҳ̫̫Ⱳڵһ¡
ȢؼҲŷ֣ϱӣѧҲڣΨûۣż뷨ҲǰӿϷơ
ΪиǰѹܼȨȥˣ̫̫ĺۣԸԡ
ֻ꣬꣬㣬û£
ڿһ֪̾϶˵ȥˣĳ嶯û뵽ǸӴ򲻳һ仰ƺ«ȻܲĸԼôһɽ
ҸԲȥ굱̫̫ȥڣŮĲԣһʱ嶯Ž˸˳ȥǸŮͽԺӣΣ
ַ˸ۣ껹ȥ
С֣ʾģ̫̫Ὣȥ
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̫̫ûվҲ˵òȥֻСʵҲΪ㷸˴Ͳ㡣ýˣ˵Ǻļҽ̲á
̫̫ܴƣȴĪķ
̫̫ȻһŮӣĹܼȨ
ɲܲϣܼȨԲ˳ǲϣ̫̫ѻͿյĸˡ
̫̫ĻǳŶƽģֻǱ꼰ĳ㡣
ڣŮϷ
Ǿͺá
̫̫ۣСŮʮļƣġ
ֻһģϧˡ
ӽ𣬹ܼҾͽ϶ϱ
̫̫꣬˺ߡ
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ͲһˣòĹܼȨΪôһ΢С£̫̫Сĸˡ
Ҷ̫̫𣬸ĿŵİѳΪ̫̫˵
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һͷͿԹɪɪ
ס¡
š
ͷ־Եٴγ֣ĵֻǸոտʼ       

 7 

̫̫ȥԺ
ϱӵûԺһԺӾͿһǽһ֡
뵽ϱ̫̫ԽԽ޴Ǹ̡
ۼǸ֣̫̫֣߹ȥ
̫̫ң
̫̫Ц˷ӣ޲ң
ҡͷū֪̫ūӣҲǸū澳ūĻο̫̫㲻ū澵ӣҲū澣ūںȥ̫̫мӡ
Ȼף̫̫ںſڿƽ˵ʱˣΪϱӭţȻѹ̫̫һ˺֮󣬾Է˿ֻϧûеƽˣ˵ꡣ
ֻܾᣬҪҪЩҸʱԼݱ¶һ¶ͱ˶ƽ˵ŮͲϷ˵Ĺϵˡ
̫̫ĺãúһϵƣ͵ò̫̫ĳ谮ˡ
һ˰ۣò׵õ˵İְ֪⣬ǳСֹذ᲻øı䡣
̫̫Խ˾Ǳúܾ׿ԭֻ̫̫Ǵ㽫ߵͨСѾ뷨ͻȻıˡ
ס֡ǸĺӣҲǸϲĺӣ㵱СѾ̫ϧЩ㣬̫ܽ㣬ԸԸ⣿
ū澡ūԸ⣡
ֽŷ̫̫߱ЩͶܽˣҲ۸ںӻܹøġ
ңܾͽ̫̫Тġ
и̫ȷ뷨̫̫ӹǶǳãҲʮͷҲһ꣬ô˵ûû̫̫ߣܲϱ̫̫ԭ
úӡһЦҲףΪʲôôϲ㡣
Цøˣǵбĸˡ
̫̫Уŵ̲סˣ˻䵱УϺүҲôһԶУЦһģһλá㣬Ҿ뵽Ϻү
ţһֱΪԼ̫̫ǵҲӦŴ̫̫û뵽ԶоȻŴϺү
Ҳ̫̫ûз˳֮ǰ̫̫ĺøС
ԭӳ쿪ʼѾˡ
ūϺүū澴Сں󣬴û˵үǻһԶа
㲻֪ϺүΪǴ̵ˣǰҪϣһЦƹˡľ˰ϰߣǶûүЦ
̫̫ĺܿģЩ¹ȥܶˣЩˡ
СѾ档
Ҳһ죬Ҳˡԭסһ𣬿᲻ˣô˻ĵС߶á
ദԽã̫̫Խġ
סůԺź˶Ͳȥɻˡѧд֣ѧϰ塣ѧˣٽġ
Ǵľϲ˶˵̫̫ߵһѾߵڸС㣬⸱СչֻǸѾߣƽҲź˵ģֲź˻̫̫ѧϰģһ˵¶һݶ
Ϊк游һУϻֺĸģûظݾ͹С
̫̫ݶʵ̫ˡūǴӦǲӦҲﲻˣū澿Ըɻ
֪ԼʵݣӦ̫̫Ѿߣֱܱ̫̫ӡ
֪ʵݣҲ̫̫ˣȻӦ¡
Ҳǡ
Ѿ߹Ȼ̫̫ķǳãɵѾߣһЩС˼ǹܲסġ
Ӿ᲻㡣㻹סů󣬱ϾСҪ壬ͱ˼һôܳúãһźңԺҲģ㻹ŵù
Ҫסů󰡡
ãҪˣոյǸ̫̫ɻѡأ
һЩ
Ǵ
ĶãҲţôŮӣᴦ顣
ԭ̫̫֪Ĺǡ
棬̧棬ŻϿҲ档
˯ɣСһ죬ڵȥ֧ŲסҾ˸·ȻҽŮӣһȺĹǲ
ˣ̫̫ǺЩϱҪҪöƽķ֪ŮСѾ߶Ȳϡ


 8 

գ̫ѻûͽ׼ź̫̫ϴů΢΢һ¡
Ҳû˯
߹ȥٿ۾Ҳ˵˯ˡ
̫̫Ѿˣ߹ӣˮϴĹ˵ˣ
ǡʪëݸ̫̫һԣڵ̫̫ôŵůǸ͸סĵطס˷飿
̫̫ëӽ裬ֽӹۣžӣλ̫̫պܿԼ
̫̫һͿĨһ˵߶ˣ
Цū澾ź̫̫Ѿˡ
ǰˡ̫̫̾߰꣬ҽһ˽ӵ߽
ҡҡͷ
ϴϱ˴ʹ֮ҺŮĸ׺£ұӦʹ߽
̫̫£Ͳͣĺڡ
ҲˣӸߡ
ʼź̫̫£һߴ̫̫һ˵ã꿪ɣûߣѧҲ¡ɴȴڸ֮֡
黭˸ŮȴҲʵڲܼң۸͸˸Ʒ֪Ķӡк̨ܲڱ۸ϴϱƫƫΪҹŮ˸õļ
̫̫·ָ̫̫Щ̫̫ױ̫̫˵Щū澶֪Ҫ̧ʲôϵ
Ҫôϱң֪ŮûϤһѾ߼޵úã˵Ǹʱϱһʲô飿
ͬһ
̫̫УҲ㲻ʲô¡
Ѿ̫̫һһеףЩҲϡ档
̫̫˵ȥһҪ緹

̫̫ԽԽɣͷ˶ӣвͻᱻ˺
ͬģ̫̫ԸҲ
ãˡ
װԺ۾һ˫۾ͨ죬ĵ㣬ôôͽң
ˡ̫̫ˡ
һĶͷϴ̫̫Է
Ŷ
·ͷϰӣʲôͳȥˡ
û취ʵûһ˫ܹͷ֣ͷϵСӻ˺þòϰģãССӷͷϻԵͦɰ
̫̫⸱ģûв⣬ֻһֱͷ
ӣ̫̫ͷв𣿡
Щ̫̫ͻȻȥϻǶԶС«ϡ
̫̫ҲϰߴЩ
ԭϲģҲҪֻϧûͷԽԽ˳ЩͷηͷĹԣҲͲϲЩˡ
̫̫ϲСǿӲĽԶС«ͷϣ㰡֪ĻΪǸнľӣСŮ͸СŮĻþ϶Ư
³԰ɡ
ĵĿһûʲôӦС¡
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һ룬СѾ̫̫ͨλ밲ˡ
̫̫¿ӣ˵˵۳Ͷ٣̫ˣǵ밲
ʡļ滹¡
ĬĬķ¿ӣ۲ˡ
ͳô
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æ˵̫̫ԣʵԲȥˡʵ˵ƽڼУ׾ԣﳣ˵õĺӾ͸ôһڷԶ촹òųôණ˷ʳ
˵
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ǰôģ㲻ŮҲܶһ硣
̫̫Եúôů¾ܴʱȥһŸأ
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һѾˣ̫̫ãϱӵãûڻָ֮վһߣҪָݣֱ׳ĺ̫̫һ
С龫
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š
һٷ̫̫ǳģһ׷ʰӵʱ˴Ĵָ
̫̫ô꣬ûһ̫̫ܽôġ
ֻҪܼ̫̫ģ˵˯ů̫̫Է̫̫ŮҲ⡣

ˡ
ЦЦı̫̫ܵߡ
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Ȼһ棬ȥʲôҪҪͰҽˡ
ȥ̫̫룬ֻΪ˵ZһѾһΣûжӦҪñŮȥZƭͲˡ
̫̫ܲȥ
ݱСѾ߼ʵ۹̵ⷢĲ£ڻZ
վ˲СѾߣһ۾ZϲŲ
Į˵ӣ̫̫ջӲûҪ£ذɡ
ߣ
ôĮZҧƤЦⲻЦĶʩ񣬡Zǰл
лңū澿ܲ⹫ӵĸлܹӣ˵֮ЩȻѾл빫ӿ뿪
ӿ뿪ȴһɻɡ
Z̬ŵúܵͣòӦ˫ü˵
ΪΪÿ
֮˵ZɨһȦڷϵ񡪡ݱݡ
ָ˵ǡ

 9 

ݱݣ
̫̫֮󣬴Цֹô뵽λ
ӵòϽе¾ޣ˲˵ȻĿеӡ
ôҲò˵λ
ϵɷģôҲͺÿմߡ
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ūʡá
ҲǺ޲öZԶԶأֻ̫̫ҪȥZͺˣһҲͰˣҪǼôˣָݣZĹϵҲ˵ˡ
ZļǸӣⱲô˵ҲǸ
Ӧµʱ򣬿ǰƮֵ۾ףҪʲô
ŶϾ̫̫ߵһŮòȥͶ
û˵ǿ̫̫̫̫˵ⲻǸջͽȨˣˣЩ
ףƸ档
ǡ
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㣿
ȥͣ˵Ķ䡣Ȼˣȥ˿ҲĶ䣬ֻδ룬ܿΪȥơ
̫̫ԥ󣬡̫̫ȥɣ֤¡
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ڶֺ¡
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ͬʱҲȥ̬̽̽ȡ
껹ǺһָֺôͺöԸһЩ
һĳ̬Цӭʮǣͱر𲻺ðˡ
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л̫̫
ĸ̫̫ӡ
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ʵ˵ЩĺģҲȷʵΪĺû
ϱӵ֤ⷬԼʵʵĸѧϰȥܸ߰£ʹˣ̫̫Ὺųȥӡ
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βӣΣ⺢ڱķ涼ܴôƫƫϣôִأ
̫̫ŮԿʲôô
ˣ˵Ҷ˵ˣҪȥҲû취
ǰ棬ں棬һǰһĽƷԺ
ƷԺ㲻ϺõԺӣȴҲ¡
ľѾǸзֹûжÿ˶ؼ
ȻⶼǱ
˵꣬ܿǽȥ
һǶˣʱЦˣҲ
ˡ
Դ﷢ˡһ꣬ݶȻ¶Ц
Ϊ˲õЩŲʮ갡
ʮŮӾȻĻ
Ĵһս̫ˡ
棬ͦԸ˳Ϊѣǵˡ
Ƕ˴ĸǻ˵һ̿ʼעһ
ڿضϣһΪ
ڵ̫̫˵֪ϲʲôʽΣһʺõĶ͸黹̫ʹ͸̫̫ء
֮⣬Ҫ̫̫꣬ôôĺá
۵ûһ˿һľϲȴ¶Цݣ㣬ллڡҺϲ
ϲͺá̫̫Ǳ벻ū澣ū澺͸ˡ
ߵſڣͻȻ˵ãظ֮ǲǻûȥ
ôͻȻ
漴˵ͷ
Цɵûȥܵ˺ܾá˵⵱ŮĲ֪ЩˣΪá룬Щ̣̫̫ܽ𣿡


 10 

Щ̣̫̫ܽ𣿡
öĵ߼
¡
̫̫ۺʲôϵ
Ĵǣ游Զѣ
Ϊã굹۾˵ϹĲġ
ԶĸŮΪǵǸⱻӣ
˵ū澵ū澵Ȼū澴֮׿˵Ժūȥū澽
׿˵Ļü١
ǰ˵Ļȥƾ˭ë
ң˵ǷһϷ
걻µƿԣ׼Ļ˵ˡ
ֻ૵ˣҲﰡ
ûķԸū澾ͻȥˡ
ɲط
ȵȡס
ȴڣ㣬кܶ໰˵Ҫܳʱ䣬Ȼȥ̫̫ȼˡ
⡭
Ϊѣһȫ
ȴ£ԽԽģ𴽽ǣС˵㣬˵ǣ̫̫벻ǿЩȥɡ
Ҳ㲻«ʲôҩСһӦòԼõ¡֮ͨҲͷЩ
Ȼô˵ˣҾˡҲ˵̫̫̫ȥء
ûӦȿڵģ
һĵ񣬶뿪
ָһնɡ˵ˣҲҵ̽㣬ǰҶЩҸǸ
ū澲ҡ
ĵǸ
ڿӰ
΢Щʧܿͼ˵ǰʲôңҿ㵱׽á
ߵǰ֣ʹѣ֪ﻹԹңպø鲻ãҾûеֱӷ㣬˳ȥ
¶ضģҺˣһСѾ߼㣬㣬ѾŹʱ佫ӻû뵽Լˡ
˵ϹıԽԽǿˡ
ŮúõĵŮء
ȻҪϱ׿ڸ£Ҳ֪
ԣ˵֮Ӧøжʹ飬ڵȴûκα顣
ֻǹվκδ
侲Щˣô˵ôͲ׶أ
⻹ʶ
ͷԽĹ˳û£ūҪˡ
߳ȥͿ˶ſڵίߵЦݣʱάֲסˡ
Ͽ£߶õǸ¯档
·һĵطյͨ죬ֻǰܿһİɫ
ʶԼʹŻصķ䣬ķӦӴ˳ȥ
պһ˲䣬ƺ֪Ҫ¯Ҫٵֱϵ̥ǡ
ԼǸ첲ϵ̥ǣٵ
ûʱͷþȫܣһһ麰ɱˡ
ƷԺСѾẠ̊́
պ¯׷Ů
ȥæŲӴ󺰣˭ҪǸæҾ˭ܣⱻζ
ƷԺˡءܺãǸɨģͲȥӣᱻǮ
ԺӵѾߣˡȻûԸæ
Ҳû뵽ֵֵز
оݵֳȥ
굥ദΪҵĴ
Ѱ
￴żҪĽȥֻ̻ˣ˵ʲôģֻưͳԻп˵
ȴû뵽Ȼš
Ӧ¯֣ڿ֮󣬾Ȼˡ
ô
Сӣ˵ʲôأؼң
ţȥˡ
ֻСҲ̣֪˶ãܵһˮ̶ԱߣǱ׷ˡ
ˮ̶һɽ棬ƽû·ױ˿
֪Լôܵ
ʱ¯Ѿˣᱻˡ
ҵһ
ȴ¯ӣץסڵϣһһµĳıϡ
ӣΪ˸˲ǲǣȻҲؼҿﲻԣ㵹Թǲǣ
žž
ĴҧҪʵ̫СʵǴʵ޷
ð亹ȴûпޣҧ˵ҰɡңҾͲ̫̫᲻ˣ
ϻ¯ͣͬһЦ
񶾵ˮ̶ߡ
ԭҲɱ㣬˸ѣֻˣһлع졣˵öԣҲɱ㡣̫̫ˣɱ㣬ԼҲ̯Ϲ˾ҲԶ֣Ҳбİ취ȥ
һŽ߽ˮ
Ťͷߡ
ģ֪ǸСֲˮˮ̶϶
ǸСˣû˸Һʬ塣
Ҹطˣûͱһ߿ݹǣеͶˡ
ֻû㵽ѾǵĺѼӣѧˮ
һͣˮڣϺ£˲佫Լ̥ǵǸط˺һӡ
Ȼڡ
ԽڣԽ侲ԽԼߵһ̫ˡ
֪굥һΣգԼһӣ굥һ
һܵļʱ̥Ƕסˡ
ʲôƨ꣬ǽһܱ¶Ķ¶Ϊá
һָݣһ찲ȫ
ǧΣûߣ˱ˡ
˿һڵżȥȣһԽ
Ϸʵ˵ɱˡ
ˢ
ĺëϵǿԼ侲ȴͣķ
ȻһӾͰϡ
ܶܲˡ
ţһӣˮ̶Աߣˮ˵Ѿͷˣɡ
ȿȡ
ϤǺһˮ
ôʱضZ
ץסӣZ
Zӵӣ֣ôӣ
ʪ͸ͷµˮۣĿĿȻ̫̫
ðҲҪݼ̫̫պø㵱֤ˡ
죬ǲԸZӴZԸµĵ֤ˡ
򴽱ҧӲҪһӣ˵ӣҲŮңпвŮλá
סֱӣдŵĶǲš
ô֪Լ
ZȤһ֣ƣǱӸ뿴һˡ
űϵһ̫̫ߡ
û߳˶ƽˣźһȺˣ˹
Ȼ治Тūž͸
ƽ˿첽ǰһƴϡ
İʱʵѪ
ʹסᣬֻȦͨ죬һԲĶŶƽˡ
ƽ˵һαһ˶ţɵŭ
ҪȻЦˡ
Цдͷûбƽ˴ǰ˴ɣֻҪ˲ݣ˾ʹɣ
㣡
ƽ֡
֮𣬴һССū澣ȴʧݡ
ȴѾ˹ָıӣôܰ治Т
мɨһЦĿڵҪɱҡ

 11 

Ҫɱҡ
һʯǧˡ
˻ΪӺã
˻úӵţǲѣ
ҲԺӲþĳƫˣҲ
û˻ΪΪɱԼŮ
ʲô֤ݣ
￪ѡ
ָŻʪԼҾ֤ݡѵԼеûˮ̶Լ
ԣҲûпܡ
֪Ҫɱʵ³á
Ѿ֪ףסܲס̷
֪ЩСžţֻ봦
Ҳ˵ֻ̫̫
꼱ˣס˶ƽˣ˵û˸ֹ𣿡
ƽˣҡͷҴӣƽûиҲ
㣡
˵һˡ
ǰΨΨŵŵ´˵ڶƽǰͷ̧
Ҵ˵ҵŶƽˡ
ǰܺ󣬵췢֣Ѿɳûа취ĵزˡ
ģ¶ֵ̫̫ûлתء
Ƕƽˣɶƽ
룡ôĿ
ŲӣֱĿƽˣˣܴƽ𣿡
Ȼܣ
涫ƽ˻شˡ
쬵һ۵꣬ʶƽˣ㣡
ҡ
Ȼŵˡ
˿̵Ǹˮ̳Сôˣ
קקƽˡ
ƽ˸Ҫͷ˵С˵Ȼ˻Ϊƽ˵ļҷ˲ôǶƽ˵λ󳼲ԣҲƽҪǣһʲôʱ˵˵ټҵĻҲܴ
ƽץӣ
꣬Ҫȥ̫̫ɡȻﲻɱ£ô϶塣̫̫Ҳá

꼱Ķš
϶ɱôǼٵģ
ɶƽζԸڲˣ
ȥ̫̫
ҧгݣؿ޲ó⣬Ѫ
ôʱ䣬ſվһλӡ
ȲҪǣľ
ˣѿڶǵһӣӣ
ҵ
ZȭԸһۡ
ˣҪôǱĳǰ
ӦһϣΪǵĲŮһ־;ӣΪ㵹Ϊȹ֮ôܱ
ZΪȹ֮ZҲû˺ɫô
֤
ĸ֣ĥ
޺޵˵ΪУôܽԺ
ԺҪɱˣžһʤ߼͸˽֪Ժ
֪ˣߡ
ȻҪ֤Ը
ZӣɡȻΪвʺȥ̫̫ǲȥ󸮵ŮٶһŮŮУܲڻ˹ذɡ
ʲôƨͨɣȥˣҲС
ƫƫƽΪֳҪɱ˵¶ȻӦȫһ
Ϊ䡣
Ըȥλү͸λ˶뵽̫̫Ժ
̫̫ԺеؽŵСѾͷ̫̫ͨ˴ﻹкôһˡ
ţ
̫̫үүһ˹
̫̫£²ţȴɻߵ׷ʲô
ūҲ֪
ҡͷ
̫̫ˮȥá
ǽҵҪʲô£Ҫֵô󣡡

үүһҲŪ嵽׷ʲô£㿴ҿ㣬̫̫һ۰Ͱ͵ĿŶƽˡ
ƽ˿һȥ
·ϵˮûɣͷֻǲδˮģԽĿˣ̫̫۾
ôˣ
ӣ̫̫£˸ͷ̫̫ҷһȥͶһû뵽Ҫɱң
Ҳ˵ˡ
ֵ֤̫̫ζסˡ
ͿݣҲǸѾߣֳʲô²ɣ
̫̫ūʱҶŮôжԼŮֵװ̫̫̫̫ǸūĸŮϵɣ
ž
̫̫ŭɶǸأҴ
̧֪ٵˣȻɱˡ
û

 12 

·ϱ廨һ顣
Zʮĵĸ߶ƽˣ߾¯ӣƽ˱˽¯Ӹ¯Ӷıǰ
ŵĿɫ԰ס
ӲתͷǶƽһˣǶүүԱ߹ŵˣ
ԹޡʡڡһԵķ·ٲһ˫۳ɱ⡣
ǵҲҪһϵԨȻŮū澣Ӧñֵַĵһӵū澣ʲôָݵ۶ӡ
ܱ廨ﻹǸ̫̫˸ͷʹᣬʹް̫̫ǸСǲǶ˵ū澲ˣ̫̫ǧҪСֵĻū̥ʮ½ﰡ
Խļž
ĵ̧ͷԱߵûмû
̫̫ƤЦⲻЦĶﷸɡ
ˣ̫̫ʵ㵱˭
ȻǺˡ
붼ûѿڶ
ȻҪһȻǽĨԽԽá
ʸ֦ȻҲҪߵһ֦
ʵҲûа취ΪƽŮˡ
̫̫˵ͷ
ԭˡ˵Ҫʸ֦㷢֣Ϣ飬ɽԼŮ

ԽԼѡȷ̫̫Ѿˡ
ͷĬĬķһۣ˭ţԼʤ
ѵû⣬˿ֱ
̫̫Цͣ͡
ͷ̫̫ū澲ҪֻͣɱϣúǲҪе˼ū澾ֵˡ
Ŷ
̫̫Զƽüĺ
ƽѾҲסˡ
ǲںܲ£ںһ
ƽģίΣʱ䣬û뵽ǸαСˡ
ںԼ̫̫һ仰ڽ˺顣
ߵ̫̫ǰˡںʳɢˣΪǺǺԶˣԵĶ͸

ﲻ֣Ϊʲô˵ԣ˵ʲôˣ
ˣ
㻹ңƽ˵涼ļ仰˵ûˣϻգû˵㵱ֻ̫̫ϾĸŮϵҿ̫̫ҾǶĸŮϵ
ƽŭˣһؿϰְףǿԼιȥôôģɱԼŮҿһ仰˵ǶԵģͲŮǸ˷ӣ
ˡūû
ûʲô
֤֤ڣ˵ĻѾΪ˰϶ļٻ
ΨһľǼŮ
ﱯʹᣬں޲ѣ̫̫ˣūҲǹϣ̫̫ۣͰˣ˵̫̫߻һλͬŮūҪԼŮɱ˵ŮȥϷصҲֻһ
˸ۣĸϷı¯࣬Ϲſھ
ۣ̫̫˴ūһֻ̫̫ܹúõĶŮūһѪ˺ŮĸŮԵֻˡ
˵Ǹ춯أûǰɱŮһĻ˶ΪǾ춯غ
˵ô죿
ˢˢ̫̫Сһ˵Ļԭūū澱ߣôū澣ūȻūʱؼūǿū澲׷ǲǾͿԲܷ
һТ˳Ů
̫̫֪ԼûˣȻǺúӡô겻֪ƭ˶ˣ̰ī˲ٶ˻ΪҶƽûйأҿ罫ΪʹӣԶýôˡ
л̫̫
л̫̫һϵȫͷԣҪʲô
ܾ˴С
лǲл
ͳһ̫̫˶ˣƽ˸ǲãлѵ̫̫Ĵ
ūл̫̫Ĵ¡
žžž
ZһĻ
ƽȻСˡ
̫̫˵ZоZȻƯûٹ
ֵܵס˼
ΣлӰæ
ҵZ񣬡ֻǣСѾſڣ˵ǼճˣλǲĸŮϾС֣λɱԼŮʱ˺֣ոյǸɣЩվס
ŬĻͷˣð˵һ޲ε
ڷû֮ǰŮĺǸ˾ǺסһˣżæչŮŮʲôǸŮһ
Ȼ֮±˷֣˸˷䵥סôҵˣ
̫̫λүˡ
ޱվţûһ˿ද
ǵãϱҲվڶƽǰ˵Ůû̥ǡ
ZȻһӾͽؼҵˡ
̫̫ķӦЩ֣ˣ֪Ůʲô֮
̫̫ĻŮϹʲôûСū澻￪ЦŮСū
̫̫Ȱû̥֮Ķ

 13 

شͻȻûУʲôûУ̫̫ˣҪۡ
⡭
ȥһС壬Сȷʵá
̫̫ˡ
Zȴſӣ˵ӣϷ㼱ʲôĪ㺦ʲôʵ˲Ů£
ҡ
ƿԣZ
Ǹˣôʹͱ˵ļ£
ҪûˣͲô
и
ɫһ۲ô˵Ȼ̫̫ش˵ɡֻǱ˵־С
͡
Z˼Ķ˵ǸԲס˸λֻС⻰Ϊвء
Ц
ɲв
ϱΪһֱҽ̥¶
Ϊÿ߶˵̥ǶҪǱ˷˾Ҫ
Ϊ̣ﻹȥһαʬ塣
֮ŵ죬˵˺ü޵ĺҲ¶̥ǣÿһߣӶСĲ˿
ϧˣǸСС
ŰȥĴ۾Ȫӿ֮͸żɣ˵̫̫λˣﲻͺˡɵʱ򣬵ĵĳΪʵûôģҲûеôѹ
˵¶˳̥ǵСۡ
ԭ˲䷢ϵ̥ǣZ֮еƫԤϣҲá
һԪε̥Ǻᷢ⣬̼ÿ˵˫ۡ
ʹ˶ƽ˺ġ
ǣ治Ůô꣬ԭҲһҸļң񶾵Ů˸ˡ
ƽǣֱϵ̥ǣΪʲôŮһģһ
꿴̥ǣס˻ζΣץסֱۡĬΨһֻгĬⳡ־ȥû֪Ҳһһģһ̥֮ǰȥ
ˮˣĲʣµĺۼ̫̫ھ̫̫һôԶĵطȻĸ̫̫˸ͷ
̫̫һ䣬ȻŮ˵ͲļӣӦ̫̫ɡ

̫̫ҲᣬǸĺӣʮ꣬ô
ûҡͷ˵̫̫ΪӶе룬ں棬ɵģõıϵׯϣҲõı
̫᲻㡣̫̫涣ôĵĺӣΪʲôأ
ߵЩŮŮһ׽ò˸׽ŮΪʲôҪ뿪
̫̫һȦŮȻվ
վǰҪߡ̫㵱ŮӽǶƽĹֻҪ̫һû˸۸㣡
̫̫Ļ
˭û뵽ֽ֡
Ŀָô̫̫ܵĸŮǿҪƽƽˣ
ڵϣѾûǵһľ
ú̫̫ôԭֻǱŮ취ͨˣܽҪһ̫̫ĸŮض̫̫Ϧദ̫̫ôܿĳࣿ
ˣȫˡ
ֻΪһʱ嶯ʮľ֣ȫˡ
˶ƽ֮⣬û˲ͬ⡣
̫̫һŮˣЩױ޳ȥˡ
ͷ̫̫İ嶨ˣӽŮˡ
У
ƽͻȻվ˳
̫̫õüϱʲôҪԡ
ϵ˵ôոŮҪͬ⣿
ƽ˵ͷȴָľϱȻ๡ֻҪյĸŮûôã
Ϊ𣿡
ƽ˾ã̫̫ˡ
̫̫϶һϷΪֱϵǿ̥ǺŮֱϵ̥һģһ
ƽ˾
һʱ˹ȥ
סؿڣĺۡ
ŭƽ˾ͲʵʵĴţ˵
˱鲻һеǵġɻģڿϷ
ZӣĶֵĳһĨЦ⡣
ĿĶסˡ
ƽ˲ϷŹһⳡϷҪȡŮλá
ʵƽ˵ķӦ֮УϱӶƽҲ굱κжһģһԸ⡣
һһģһ̥ǣƽôܷŹ
պãҲĿġ
̥һǼٵġȥˮ
̫̫ͷһˮ
ƽ˲ݡ͵ֱֲϴꡣ
һۣƤ´Ѫǿ̥Ȼû˿ı䡣
ˣۡ
ᣬһһŵĵ˳ˣūֱ̥ǡ
ƽ˾ǲϷ޲ôֱۣҲҪ֤̥Ǽٵġ
ڣ̫̫סˣˣϣҪ֣
ƽ˻û֣ͣæȥץס˶ƽˡ
ˣ̫̫ס֡
Ȼ۵İ̫̫ߡ
̫̫ó־ĸãޡЦһҿ
ѵĳһЦݣЦݲƯǵǶȴʹ̫̫۾
̫̫þû˵ֻ˵ĺ
ǰԽԽ㱣Ϯ˺Ÿպãˮôãʪ·̫̫ǰֹôʱ䣬ҪǼҪ̥¶ιȥˡ
ڵҪ£ڷ
֣̫̫ǿҪҵ𣿡
˵꣬ͷһᣬ˹ȥ
̫̫ᣬ󺰵ȥУ
꣬ҹҪǳ£Ҫ

 14 

ɫŨ
ƷԺڣ϶Ŀķڴ
ɵϵĻ
ʧǣ˵ĸΪʲôǸƭӣҲĸŮ
۵ĺ󱳣۾᲻ͣҵĹԹϣĸС˵ŻᱻɱΡ
뵽ǸŮֱһģһ̥ǣϱԹ̫̫ϺͿˣСѾǸĻ֮ϳȥ֮Ż뾡취̫̫ġ̫̫ĸŮ꣬Ȼλã
ϵĻͷ
ֻϣҪץסϵġ
ε̫̫֮Ǿ춯صһ
ź̫̫
ֱ̫̫
ãƽ˽סˡ
ҵŮ˭ĸ֪һ֮û뿪ҵ۾ôܱ˵
̫̫ׯǳƣŸŴ֮УūͳȺĸʱ򣬴ССѾ͸ʮüˣܻӤ
ﲻһܵӴӣӵĿʵ̫ˡ
ңǶԶĺӶûŴС
ΪǶԶУֱϵ̥ǣǶĪĺøУ̫̫ţŮ
̫̫бһ۶ƽˣû˯ʱ򣿡
ܴû뿪۾
ǿʶ
ߣ
̫̫ӵбһ۹ִĶƽˣɫˣվɫ׵ϣڵû֮ǰס˭Ҫ˺ҪӴ𲻴Ӧ
ͣӽĳ嵽ͷ̫̫ھ
̫̫˵ȥܣҪˣӾÿһᣡ
̫̫̫̫˵֮ѻȸ
û˸ɣƽ˶ҿڡ
һ̫̫Ŷƽ˵๫أ﷢ô£ôû
㿴ңҿ㡣
ƽ¶ΣίĿڣ̫̫๫ȥʲôط߶ϱ
ûãûã
Լ๫ȥʲôط֪ϱȢǵõ
үʱؿڣһʫȥˣûء
һЩӣͱȥˡ
̫̫۵İ˰֣Զְĸĸ
ɢ˰ɡ
øϿȥŮúõˣô£ˮôʱ䡣
뵽̫̫Խĺ
ҪΪ֤Ų
ZڨڨĴ˴ӣܸоվ롣
̫̫ŮZ˸ˡ
ΪϢ̫𾪣Ҳˡ
ZֻԼվ̫̫Zʺ¸øˡ
ֱZԼվ̫̫ˣƽϲÿҪ
ȻZ˿Լҵĳ¡
̫̫ټһûһվ̾һҸʧˡ
ӣҼҷ»벻Ҫ⴫
Zæ񣬡̫̫ģZס
Z뿪һɢȥ
Ƿǰޣ̫̫Ѿˡ
ıȫǱ¯Ӹ˺ۡ
Ѿ˻˸ɾС£ſڴϣ˯ˡ
İҩҩĨıϣѾιȥҩһ˲䣬ϵһ顣
۵ĶᣬҲ̫ЩϾҲһƤ
˵ˣ˺ۣĿġ
̫̫ˣſǻ˵ôʱ䣬ҾûϻôˣĶͣҪǻҪ֤ʵݣ͸ɱˣ
û˵Ȼ̫̫ΪŮȻ̫̫ɣûʵĵ
úչ
̫̫뿪ů󣬻Լҡ
صĺóһŮվڻ֮У黨ᡣһһλ꽫ճϺ¶ЦݣһԶС
ͷӣ£ֻܾȥֲٵһЩӣҽǵСŮúãҾȥ㡣
̫̫˽棬ȡǸ˶֡
ڶ죬˻ϵŮӣΪԼ
㣬ǡ
̫̫˹ģ֪ΪʲôҲˣȥ̫̫밲ɣ̫̫Ϊ¶û˯á
̫̫Ŀġ
ֻǲ֪Ϊʲô
Ҳ룬ȥ̫̫밲
̫̫лյĻػܾûˡ

̫̫ץɰͰ͵֣־㲻Ͻһĸ𣿡
΢ЦҡͷǶԶֳ̫̫ǰ
̫̫ûȷֻϵ̥ǺһģһѾܲϲˡû֤֮ǰ̫ĸֻ»
ԳĲϲͺӦĸŮԵǳ
ӣ֪룬δػ㰡
˵ʲôҲϽˡ
̫̫ŵ֣ܸ̫̫ܵʧ䡣
ӳȥеӣΨ̫̫ûжԲڼ֮ʮϲ
¹ȥԺضТ˳ĸ
˼ת֮䣬ɫص߽
̫̫ͷ˸ˡ                        


 15 

ﱻ˿֮󣬾ͷ
Ŀཀྵ˭ؿ֮°ͷ
˭ɵģ
̫̫ĲȻɫȻƤӵ°֤˵ͷˡ
ҡͷ֪ѾֹסѪūʾ̫̫ô죿
̫̫ɫ
ȡһ˿ţٳ

һߵ̫̫ߣ̫̫¡
ߵ̫̫󣬰̫̫磬̫̫ϢŭҲ˵˭ͷûβûд󰭡ǧҪӡ
ıϱӱŸѵģ̫̫ļϣ̫̫ıۡ
ʱ̫̫˵ɵѾͷ㡣Ըڡ
̫̫ͣסˣ̫̫Ķ˶ż磬Ŷ̫̫Ǹ⣬˵Ҳĸ̫̫ĿɽѾˡ
֪ܲ
޷ֻ꣬Ҳ벻Ȼ˺ݶԼﶼµȥ֡ôãȻܺͷ
ɰͷҲûã塢»âʱֻҪǳ۾ģ˭ˡ
ֱ̫̫ˡ
ָ̫̫һӣĹӹӸ
ɻĴӣһ̴ľԲӡһңи֡
̫̫ʲôõģ
̫̫صĶգգۣһ֪ˡ
ӽ̫̫̫̫־ͷϡ
̧ͷ⿴˶ƽ
ƽմһ°ɫǳš
֮ʱƳһ
һûҲûмͺ񿴵İһ
ҧ촽ϱֻ֪λΪĳЩ£оλȴûйְһҪı٣ЩŻɺ˴ѹƵģ󲻵ְ˵ѰصŮףӺҲû˵仰
ظ֮УΨһ˵ƽˣΨ̫̫
ֲʲô£ôôŰѶһڽҪͷû׼һ죬ӵĹְˡ
ž
̫̫ȻɫһӴڶƽϡ
գ۾ֲ̫̫ǹӵôԭ׼ӵġ
ʲôвҪŮ˸⻹вҪ£ô಻µĻ˶
ƽϰˣ۾գһ£˵ǲŮдۣҵĹְĺܿˣڹ۶һⲻǵ𣿡
ãλײûнûõٵͷϡ
ſҧסĴλﲻһ벻ԵĻס꣬ҲǸעˡ
ž
̫̫һӣƽһģвȴ˵
٣Ҫôͣôȥƾ٣ȾǸԷʲôˣȥˣһ޳£
ƽûĺƵģ˵һ棬Ļڣⲻǿ𣿡
Ƥյ̫̫ߣЦ˵Ů𣿾ǶҲûôҪͻûôҪĻ϶
ĿĿһеӿһɲ֪ô˵ζ
ĸףеûаɡ
̫̫ƽǰһ̫̫˳
̫̫ˡǲǺүŮûжۡҪˡ
ƽۿ
ƤͷСѾͷʲôãǿſЩ֪ΪʲôôϲС
˰ˡ̫̫ʧİ˰֣ȥʲôߡһ쿴ǿʲôʱ򿴳ʲôʱߡ
ҧסԼЦöƽ֮أ˶˵ºڣڶƽǰƣƽܿŹأ
ƽǼ¶˯þˡ
ҳȥ
̫ͶƽͬĿһ۶ƽ߳ȥʱ̫̫࣬˵ЦЦñﻵˡ
̫̫ô뵽Уү϶ġ
̫̫
˵ú˵˵㡣
̫̫۾ûΪ϶ûǣӾʵĸú˵˵λʲôϵΪʲô㣿
ĸζ˲Ϊʲô
Ҳ㲻ϱӺ޽ˣⱲӷ棬ĮZȻǳĵİæ
ֻǺӼ棬ڲ֪Ϊΰӿ
վסŵɣ벻ġ
ǿˡ
̫̫νﲻݣͷᣬ֪ôͺˡ
ZĴ˶ôܿ
˶ѵ۸ڶԱ˲мһˣ˻׷ƨɺ
ܣ
˺ôþ˵
ҵʱһֻǸСѾߡ
̫̫׷ʣҲߣǸӣҪѺͿҺѾߣҲ䲻ϣ
䲻ϡ
ZϱͨԼŬǵŮ˭޸һλſ
Ҫ˱˵·ô
ԣZôõˣĹŮɣŲ͡
̫̫ǰߣã鿪·ȴԽԽС
ߵɽ֮䣬պúͳɢĵ·ꡣ
̫̫ߣĽһá

 16 

꿴̫̫󣬺޲ҧһ
̫̫ʲô˵ã̫̫ǵ
֪ǧһδ֮ǰϲܱ˸ȥ
ĸ
£
ж
΢΢µͷ
Ƿǳ
̫̫ϲصŮӣôأ̫̫ܲٶԴ
һϵжȿЦֿɱ̫̫˵ѪԵϵҪ϶Ǽٵģʲôûá
ɿսսػŲٻܺáʱҲСò۰һҪ곢ζ
Ȼ󡭡ٽȥ
Ȼ˷ƶ˱һ̣ʱıһȤ
ɡ
̫̫мںƽϣ֮һûǵĺ˵ҿ̫ؾˣȹӺˣĸȥЩΡ
̫̫ͻСòЩ
˵̫̫ŭŶӦô꼶ѵĸĻ
æЦôңȻ̫̫磬ǡ

̫̫ԽԽԶҲԽԽС
ס˼ɽһͻʯͷ˺üĺǻָףĿɭīҧгݵ³һ֡

ΪʲôҪ
ΪʲôһҪݳ
ȻѾ뷲࣬ΪʲôܺúýԼˣ
ָĥѪһ뷨Ժγɡ
ֻҪˣƽҡ
̫̫һȦصӣ̫̫Ľ̵д֣һʱ͹ȥˡ
ͷʱ̫̫ܵСȥ衣
̫̫СĹ£λãɵ׳Ǹ̵ĵط費㴩̫á
ϳ˴Цݡ
еĻȥӭôˣ
յֵúܴ֮գںҲ
̫̫С˿ò˼顣
ǧ֮ȻС
費һ̬ȣȴģʮ
һߵ棬˸û˵ĵط裬̫̫ĳʳ֮㸺𣿡
ǡ̫̫ԭֻϰĶֻΪһЩ¡
һ˵ı顣
費Ը˵Ͳ˵ֻ㶢̫̫ԵĶ
˼Ҫ̫̫
辪ȵĺϲ£죬ƽڻپһϯ֮أΪϷ˻ţ˭ıӵҪ̫̫
ҡͷҲˡעЩܲǻ¡
ϾЩۿţ̫̫ܺãôҲܻһˡ
ܷ
ӣ裬¶Ҫ̫̫ˡ
ģҲ̫̫
ķ
Ҿˣ̫̫һȥء
תߣ
ÿһܿó
ֲ̫̫϶Ůȣλھб޵꣬¥ˣ˼ҵĹŮ˭ϡһŮͷ

̲ס
عͷ۾Ķ裬£
ݡĪҪż̫̫
Цˣģ̫̫ҵĺ֪ҲǶƽŮҲһúõТ̫̫
ص̫̫ס㿴Ϸʮƥ
˿񡢶ӡɴɫǳʺŮѡ
㿴ЩӸѺòã
̫ˣһ㹻
СҪʱ̫Ѳ㡣
̫̫ŲЩҪƵģ˽ʮƥȫȹ
ģĸﻹкõģɫ̫ޣʺӣ㡣һƥȵʹ͵Ĵ˿¡
ǰѹ׵ıóˣЩܲסžµ
ĵ̫̫ǵС˼ʧ٣̫̫ʹޣĸʵ̫ˡ
޲ޣĸĹŮԸĸˣͷ˰
̫̫֪ΪλޣǾĹϵˡ
һʮ죬ϰ֡ԷϢϵ⣬ۿɼٶȴ
ȻǱֻ֣Ǳú˲ࡣ
ֻÿ춼ۿĶƽûܿе̫̫ԽԽ
һգһɫĶ̰ɫİȹȹ˼䲻ȴʮ־ɵС黨ͷֻǶһԶ
·죬˲עⶼѡ
ϲװ磬̫̫ϲ
̫̫СźãԵûáպĸһȥϣѵҪﲻɣ
չջЦϽ˺ü죬ĸˣȥɡ
ߡ
ó˶ƽſڡ
˵˵ЦЦ˶ˡ
ƽ˾Ȼſڡ
˵Ҫȥ֣öϱȥöϱúõТ

 17 

̫̫´Ŷƽˣƽ˹˳վϷ˴
յĺ˾Ȼһɫгͷֻм׺˵䷢ڣҲֻһ㱡֬ۡ
͵ݻ˹ʡ
޲ý˱ȥĶƽˣĪתӣ
ƽ˱̫̫ò̫ڣڨڨ˵˵˵
һ飬ƽʲô˼
˵ʲôͬǸʾã
Ƕƽ¡
̫̫ĿӶƽƵϣ˼ǧ
ϱϾĸףΪǣӦĸŮദ
ɡ
̫̫ƿĿ⣬һ˫ůֽסС֣Ӷƽ˵ǰ߹ȥ
ƽ΢΢ͷ̫̫
һյʱ䡣
̫̫ߣͶƽһȭͷľ룬ĬĬؿŶƽĲᡣ
ۡ
ƽ˴۾ＷᣬŲһ£յߡ
ε˵㵱ŮΣ
ǵŮ
ϱͱ֮ҲŮ
ĵŮŮ
ԭΪԼѾںֻۿ˹ʪһſŶžĵ
ƽ˶굱һƬĸ֮ģָܷһ㣬ϱҲڹô¿ࡣ
ȻŮʵʲôŮ
ˡ
ǿӲҪ
˵꣬Ͱͷ̫̫Ļƽһۡ
ƽ˽Ҫ˵ĻεĴɤһСʯӶסƵģôҲ˵
̫̫Թİһ۶ƽˣҪǲúദͻȥõŮŮôˣ
Ÿжˣ˹á
ƽŲһЩͰ͵Ƕϱ˵˻
̫̫գգۣⲻǶƽ˵·
ƽӦüݣŮͼѾߡ
ϾϱӵĶƽ˾ôġ
³̫̫Ļÿӵһǣһ£Դɻ̫̫ĸôûȥϣѺͿſڣ
̫̫ӣ⿴һۡ
ȻѺͿǰˮھ˲٣Ʒ
뵽Լʲôûϱһ̫̫ŭⶫƽˣϣͣ
ΪʲôѺͿ
ƽ⿴ʱ鲻ѣû˵ĳƺ
̫̫ôһʣӲͷƤ͵ѺͿһλǧ𣬽հ硣ϱѾ׼ãᶪ˼ҵ档
ڶƽ˲û̫̫û棬׼
Ȼ̫̫²̨ƽҲ䲻źá
ڵĶƽɱ̫̫ˣ̫̫ɳܸһĽͣȥׯϰɡΥĶϱҿܲ𣡡

ƽһ飬뵽Ǹϳȥļƻĵִ
ֻŮСްŮʲôѾŸˣܲѺͿӡ
˵ʶƭˣ֪һģ
ֱ̫̫ͦĺ档
ݺݵ۾Ÿ̫̫ߵҪǰͺˣĸŮ˵ȥ͸ˡ
ĪĿϣͷĿͺͶƽ˶ˡ
ĸ
Ľһ̫̫̫̫Ϊû£ᰲ£ԺҪĳ棬ʶҲá
˵ͷ
ദķǳг
һĻʹ˶ƽˣŬıŵЦݣķˮ̫̫ûɫ
ѺͿС
Ϥİľ̼ļ䡣
ϱֻһСͽѺͿͽ˺һʽСԺ
ÿһ죬۹η껹زֻҪ߶ѺͿͱȥ밲Ǹӵȫתͷϡ
̫̫Ķճ˺ȥѺͿ
ãѺͿߣмԽֻ̫̫̫̫ȥλ
̫̫λ˽ŮۼǸλϣƮƮȻ˹
̫̫˸ڰ
̫̫б˶ƽһۣոջɣĳôԭ͵ˡ
ٲϲ̫̫ôĳУܲܲһӡ
˵ͷ
˵ڣȻѾõŮŮȥˣҲü档
ܸˣĵ¶ЦݣǰԶġַĵŮ
Ҫеķ˶֪̫̫ˣҲǸûӡ
ҪȥҹŮǰԶֻܸ󣬿ıӰ
㽫Ļָ˺ŮݣҲֻܱѹţĹâ֮¡
͵͵ȥ̫̫Ļƽͷ˿֪һ۾Ϳͻϵһģһ
ϵ˸պþϷˡ
һ̿ʼ֪Լסˣãжƽˣ˵չλϣñѾ߻硣
뵽ЦˣʮЦڻ
ҲȰȰĸĸǰ߾ţŮСǿűŮŰ塣
̫̫࣬ȴ÷
˵ﻰⶼڰʾĸĿ̱񶾡
ǸʮĺӰ
ôĻ
һϽ̵ģ۵Ŀ
ҧס˴۵ĴϱҧһεӡԸ̫̫ҲҪȥЩŮм䣬һơ
̧ͷȴ˵ĸŮȥ
뵽ʲôķžˡ
ðɡ
̫̫ԸһߣԼ˳˷һֱǸĺӣܱԼ
ϾϺүŮ
̫̫Ӧˣ˵һֱĺŮ֮С
ǳĸŮǽܣĸϵŮԺҶƽҪһ
ССĻס۾
ҪЩ֮ʵǸŮʵ
Ȼһλ꽻õĹŮ͵Ŀڣ꣬һΪʲôҪҪǽأⲻǰߵСѾôͻȻ֮Ϸ˵ĸŮ
Ĵ콼˵ǸСѾߣҲһҲɵϲܸǡҪ˵ҵʹѾͷ䣡


 18 

ϵ˵ˣǳж֮Ů콣ҲСӡ
һһ͵Ľĵϸ˵˸⡣
õϷ
Ҳ˹Ůȥʱ򣬶¶Ŀ
ͷ˲伷ỨͰ͵קסӣ㣬𣿿̫̫ҵŮʱǺܿĵ˵һλ𣿡
΢΢ſ죬ʲôʱ˵ֻ
ԼʵݣѵӦ÷ôڮô̵ס
ʲôʱˣ㲻Ǹū澣Լʲôʸƺã
ǲգ˵ԭֻǸɨСѾߣΪʲôʶң
ҡ
Ȼʶֻ˵ݣ߳ŭ
ûϵ˵ƿԡ
ﻹ飬ʳ֮Եøˡ
ֵĹŮȻʲôû˵ڲ֪䣬ǵľѾƫһߡ
գ۾ίͰ͵ĵͷС˵֪ˣһ˵ҵݡﲻ᲻ϲңôһǳϲңԲŻᵱҡ
ʵҲū澳ֻĵҫۣαغһžСһƽأ
㣡ʲôʱ˵ϲ㣡
죬ɵĿ꣬˵ܱͲ˵
ǲ˵̫˵ˡ
˵ҪǱĳ϶޲ñһӶ֪Ȼ治ɫ˵Ժû˺ˣ֪ɵǼɵ
ˮ۾ߵĿ꣬ﲢϲң
ûУ
꼱æ񶨣ȷڱ˵ǴˣôΪ˾ͽԼôò׾Ӫˡ
֪ʲôطѧģ˵ԽԽ˽Ӳȥ
ѵļЦݣס֣ߵŮ֮С
Ҳûвϲ㣬ֻǸߴĸϵŮںĴһģ롣
óһӣ顣
תһȦȻ̫̫ô󷽣Ȼǿǹʹģ˶ƽ˺üΣƽ߽϶᲻ø
̫̫ƾʲôôã
ΪŮ
ⶶ˶ĵźá
ĶϹ۾
ԽĿ𣬲ǸƤǳģõһ͹ó԰ڣϲ̨Ķ
ϵĿ
ȵ
ɫͣȻ˱һӸĺ˵ˡ
ߣ
ū澳ˣ϶սսĺЩС˵ЩС㷢ǸͲһ·ˣͲˡ
ĺܺãߵ콿ȴԽԽ죬꣬СŮò򵥡ôһĹ򣬾ͽˡ
ôܣ
겻мĿȥҪ˵˲ĻɤЩŮȻӦһ
ݺݵĽӣ겻ūô꣬Ǹı䲻ĸ߹
ƾʲô
ⲻƽ
꣬㼵ˡ
ͬڹŮĿڡ
˵ôܼһū澣
ݺݵĵһ콣һΪȻ΢Ц
һֱߣĶĹ˴
ףУɰ
Соͺǳһ㣬ԣ˸Ĺâȫϡ
佱֮Цݸˡ
λ㣬ȥϢɡһŹֹµġ
ð
֪Ůǽƽƽˣһͤ
㡣
λŮ󷽷ǰηηǰ
һۣЦסãǰС
һϷɡ
һĲʮŮӣϷʱȤ
ߴߴ˵ʲô
룬˵ĵһϲʫʣǲ򵥵ģɻΣ
ŶգգۣЦᣬǿǧҪشҪǴˣҿɲ
ҡӽӴĻǵȻشˣҪǰˣ̫̫ǸԹˡ
˭Թ㣿
򵥵ļ仰ɵĽų⡣
Сūˣ黭ԶܺЩŮһ
浾ŵţû˵ȻȻĽԹ
µõ˵Ŀ⣬Ϊ㣬һֻƵģ˵ZҲڣֻǺǲͬϯѡ
Zʲôãֻϧӡ
һ˷۵ĹŮ޲Ĭ
Zӵĳ̫Щϧˡ
̸Zˣǿʼɡ
һλԹߣŹŮ˵ĻﲻòЩŮ֮飬ǴˣԼѡǳһλӶǵδûκΰ
ԾZú·ЩŮ˵Ҳֻǰѡ
ɻʼΪûԼ¶ɺЩŮ˵ʫʣԼϱZķ￴Щ顣
Ȼ˽
ˡ

ľګգգۣңûѧ
˵˲
ôֵˣ
콲мĻӣһۣľġ֮ˣ˵ʲôǶЦ㡣˵һƬƬƬǶЦ㡣
ֲλεдϣԱߵקק콣Ҫô֡
˵ݣ俴Լ֡
˵ɻҪСҡ֣ո˵һ䡮ǧȥԡôһʫ˵
ȥԣ
Ƴһ꣬Ȼ˵ʫѺԼ𣿺ǰռλõˣǺôĿ
ķȹµĻҳĲᣬ벻Ҫǿѡ
벻ȥı˹
һиϷĹСǣȻû˺һ¡
Լ˳С·˳ȥ
бۿ뿪˵ʫˡ
·ϣ֪ߵѺͿס
Ǻδ֮Ȼѡ
ôߵˣ
ɫˢһ±ףתҴ뿪
ߵ̫ûǰ·һλСѾװ˸
ѽԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
û¡
౻ײ۵ĵطǰߡ
߻عŮһͤӣȻ˿񶼲Ծ
ɻգգۣʵôˣ
콷˷ƤôȻ͵ѺͿĶǸС͵


 19 

ʲôС͵˵ʲô
ĮƳһ콣ǰߡ
콴һס
ߣѺͿոմһ壬պùϣ˵ԼС͵
ϣ
֮ԱǣʲôԼѵ
콾۾ͣ˸СèһЦ˳ϴ壬ѺͿǿ

ͷ䣬һ񹤾ķκζڶ
Ȼ
һɺ⣬ӽżֱӳͷ
ӺʱϾû壬ԼʲôԼĺܣû͵ѺͿĶ
ⶫȻǱոײŮϵġ
ڱĵطһ֣ᷢѺͿԺ棬һѺͿѹûע⵽ǸŮȻûϹ˶
ӽѺͿʼһ֣Ҵӿʼ䵽ٵԼ߳ȥߵʲôطײ
һȻԼߵѺͿԺӵ棬ǸҪݺȥһĽڡ
У
͵
̧ͷǰǵסȥ·콣콵ǶɵĹŮ
ڹŮ֮Уض㡢ʹѵ˹
ŵа׵ָߵѾ߷סʧĲʣָô£
ͷһҧס˴
ص֮󣬳ûкκ˽˸ûȥݺԣݺˣֻꡣ
ɿҧסĴ˵꣬ʵʲôôˣؼŮҲؼŮҵˣҲòȥ
Һɲһ
Ůſؼĵչ㡭겻мĻ˻ֻ֣ĸϵŮң֮ĸɽûˡ
˵϶͵С
֤֤ڣ㻹
壬ǰ˻Σ֤ڴˣ֤ںη
֤ҵȻˡ
ͷ֡
λײСŮ߶µĴ˳
˫ȷĹȥعλȥ͵ÿ壬ū澲һҪū澡
һָϣӵ°ͣü˵㻹ʲô˵ǣ
Ȼû˵ǡķЦ꽫֤Һˣ˵ʲôûá
ֻǲӦѺͿꡣ
֤֤ڣȥѺͿ
ֱͦ壬ƳһĿڵȻӦȥѺͿǲ֪²£
ҪȥѺͿȻµġ
ΪϴԼϵɣȥѺͿ
ѺͿȻԼӶϱãɵǸˣֻҪ˵һѺͿŷѺͿضԩ
ߣԼѾϱǸѺͿĥĲ˵ǴӵҪԼݵ
뵽˵壬ΪʲôҪ£
ѺͿ嶪ʧֵúܴ˵С͵ץˣǶƽϷϵŮλ˲ȥֻǽϷ˺Ͷƽ˸˹ȥ
Ϸ˸ϵѺͿԺʱվѺͿǰϷ˵οĶϷЦЦ
Ϸ˼ЦݣһŵԵķȥ
ѺͿ΢΢֪Ůʲô£ס
ѺͿǻˣ̫̫ûֱ˵͵飬ֻĿڵСӿ˺öˣֲʲô¡
Ǹ̫̫ЩӣҲʶʵ͵ʵ
ѺͿ߹󣬿һŮҲ
̧֣ǸСѾͷĸ֡
ƽЦòãʵ͵ѣæɫлҪǹǼҲġ
һ˫۾ŭʧĶŶƽˣһһٵ˵ǡң
㻹ҽƱ磡
ƽ֪ģˣһô죿Ҳû뵽İ취Ȼ͵֮һҪꡣ
ССѾͷȻҶ죡
֮һѻ𣬶Ҫһ㡣
ѺͿæ˵ͣôأһˡ
ƽ˶Կ˸ӣҪѾͷѣǵѾߵˣöۣһһ
ƽתĺǳӽ쿪ʼͲϷ˵ŮˡȻ㲻ǺļӣҾͽ㡣ӽԺԶƽ
һ˫ðƵĶڶƽϡ
Զƽˣʧˣ񲻻ᣬֻʣ˺ޡ
ⲻ˺ҧѪĶ
жԶƽ˵ĺޣͳ˶ѺͿĺ£ѺͿΪβã
ˣǹ֮ҲҪʷ˰ɡʶûҾҪҶǺͿˣѺͿԺͿ㲻ҪΪһ֮˽ѺͿۣ
ѺͿȻһ£漴˵Ǿ˵˵
ɣ
ƽµĲæѺͿ˵ѾͷǸģ򲻿˵
ߵİһ۶ƽˡ
һֱ˵ϻϷ˺޲סϵ죬ϵŮԼŮƣģ
죡
Ϸ̲סѺͿ⺢ô˵ϵĻ档
ϷСѾͷһ仰˵öԣǻٹû÷ǩֻѺأҪʶʾͶٶ磿
˵ɡ
ۣݺݵĳһۣĿ¶⣬ڵ˵͵֤ݣ뿤֪Ӻδ֪֤ݡ
ƽҪ꣬ͻȻɰ
ѺͿŹֵƳ˶ƽһۣƽڨڨı졣
ѺͿߵѾ˵öƽ
ȴʤ꣬ϳ֮ı֮ײһˡ
̧ͷһȻǸС˴ˣʱɱˡ
ȻײѺͿСˣôû𣿡
СһίĿZúõ·һͷײϣؿڻأȻȸ״
Z͡һЦ˳
Ϊ˳Цð̶СߵˣŭĿӡ
Z֮лԼZɺ
λþǧӳԵZЦ鲻Խĵͷ
ϸӬĿڣ֪Zǰк£
Z˫֮һ˿мֽȣ˵˵ҵǺ˴󵨡


 20 

ʲôɿģ
ĶǲмûλZӰ
Ǹʲôõģƾʲô̫̫ϲZҲ
ôƯ˶Ӧðݵʯȹ֮¡
ųһ˵΢ЦZӣҿǱȥˣĳ˵ôѪأµȥ˶಻ã
ZΧĿһһ̡
̲סĵĿһۣʱñ
ʲôط˵ˣ
Zӣ˸㲻ס
ⲻ֪Z˽ϱҲû˿ƾٵʸ֮ܵ߹ص
žһZӣĳ
ZΣ
¡ZΣյۣʵ˵֮ǹץģ֪еϸ̡
ŵһָܿ¹ӾͲ֪˰ɡ
ɣѺͿŮZλӶֻǶ긣˵عȥ
òĵͷZ˵ZӣҪȥѺͿ뿪ˡ
ZϲˡZװԼܸŵ˼Ķˣ˳ԵĶǸ֮ԽǲԽϲ
ٺÿҲǸˣչӲġ
ȻZûһۣԽѺͿСŮ֮ǰ˽ȥ
ۿȫ۸
ãվмûб۸ԡ˵Ŀ֮£ԡ
֪ߵЦݣߵԱߣպܱĵط
ѺͿƳһ۽ZĿƵZ߽ꡣ
º͵ʵ㷢͵Ҷںδ֣˵Ƕԩ˺ˡ
ݺݵĵһۣԶƽҲĲмȻõ˱Ļᣬûã
ؿŮ·һλŮ鳼Ů㲻֪ˡ
ץס͵콣ûаֹϵ
ŮӦýλСŮ£Ҳϴɡ
֪Ϊʲô꿴ֱͦվ룬ңʱֱļıܿܲɹ
Ҫ¾ǽԼժȥ
ⷬ˵ֱۣһ׵Ĵʲô¶ֲͷϡ
˳㻹֤
ñ붼֪λСŮ϶һҧָʹ
ȻСŮһ֣Ŀϣһҧȥ͵ѺͿ塣
ѺͿһ㻹ʲô˵
ȻлСŮǶһ·;бСŮײϱ塣СŮǺŮͷΪʲôҪԵĵطһ㲻֪СŮû뵽
һֱ꣬ͻȻͱſˣ㵽ƽ˵
ƽ˼ɫָ󵨣ôֱҶƽ
ѺͿۿһУʱȤһ壬ôں
ֵŮİ綼ɢ
ӲϲֻǸ͵ϾˣԺ󲹳ǡ
ǡ
ϱźѺͿѺͿһڵʱ֪ѺͿҪ¸ϡһȥ
ʹˣ͵̫𣿡
һڣѺͿҪϡĻ
ϵӭѺͿŭ
㡭˵˵֤֤ڣô֤Լף
ѺͿܲͷҲ
û˸˵ʱĻ
֪ν֤֤ãѺͿҲˣò֤׵֤ݣСͱ
֤ȻСǿҪСŮһ⡣
ʰɡ
Ѿˣǲ⣬Ե̫ˡ
ãСѾͷݺӵرԶӴСѾͷҪÿ춼ҪСѾͷǵɡ
תҪʻ
վһԿϷZͻȻ˳
лҪ˵
ѺͿZȶ
޲òZʲô˵˵̳ȥ
ZӣָűƳСŮյǼڿĺţǸ˵ǡ
ZһȦתʱգգۣܿϡ
ŲZĿ͸ϡ
ƽȻվסס꣬ͽӣôܶҵŮ
죡
̫̫ͿȥⳡϷÿ춼Ƥӵ£ʲô¶ûУһ˹˾Ҫ˵ûжƽƲ̫̫ôҲŵġ

һ۶ƽˣֻжƽ˲˵ҸӣԼԼ
ƽ˰Ϸ˵ƣҶԣӾZΪ̫״Ե޹ʵĶһλ￴˵лԼûлԼҲԲ޸һλӣ
һһƤңûбŵӣ
ֻZָŮ
괦֮󣬱㽫ߵһλѾγŮλˮ
Zڵ㣬ͿСѾ߼档
ˮZָҡҡλεվסˡ
״֪ˮһȥ͵СŮ
ֻһλӿܾЩ֡
ҲZô֪µģϾץסᡣ
ˮһֱߣĪǼұ̫̫˵ŮԹݺ
һз̡
ˮߵŮǰæˮѣͼʵļı
ƽΪҲ˵
ѺͿǲһλʹ¾ˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊβ˵
ѺͿŭZϣZһν
ѺͿZͬ˼ҵӣԹƵӣĻûж˵
뿴
ɢ˰ɡ
Ҳƽˣ˭
̫̫һΪһЩзתɵ˵Ķƽ˵
ĬĬĸں
룬ȹǣҪ߳ȥ
Ȼ
Zк´ͽ̣
ܸмZϾZʡܶĿࡣ
Zվǰ¶һΪǳ˵ЦݣһֻչʾԼβ̿ȸ
ͽ̲˵ֻһƫƧ֮һƣɵǹλƵ˹ǳƣ֪ǷҪ°æ
áԼԡ
ĵѣӻǶԼѺͿСЩ
лġӼȻ˵˵˴ҵˡﲻٿǿҵ飬ֻҪҺϳΪԲ˳ĸϷߡ

 21 

ȫˣ
Ҫ֪˸ڿߵˣһû١
ټһȻZ
˲ŻûжðɣȻô
Ϊʲôϱӻᱻ۸ôң
һ˵ίӶؿڣۿûס˳
֪Zթˡ
Zʲô
þʱã׿Ϳ׿
ⱲӺϱӵȫһZҪ
ˡа취
ϾϵͲܼš
ŮܲףԺҪˡ
ZһϸıӰС׷Ϸ˵Ĳ
ZıӰճյ¶Цݡ
СӿԼҹϵЦݣ鲻ԽĴ˸
ԴӹӴϼǣϵЦԽˣöǰʶλˡ
Сӣ㵱ĸΣ
ZЦݻڣСӾԼ˻
ӡҪǸСѾߵµĸôϹӵݣ
Сӷɿס죬ˡ
Zӳӣ׼ĴСӵͷϣСӣסСѾߡԺЩ
ǡ
СίļZӣӣӡ
Zûɼȥţ˺
ǡ
һߵ̫̫ص
̫̫̫̫ŴͷɥĶƽˣƽȫдʧꡣ
̫̫صԼԺӣүܳȥȾƳϯͲ￴ϷĻ
̫̫£վ̫̫
Դҿ̫̫
˭⣿
˵ʲô
ƽ˶ڨЦ˵룬ֻǸᡣҲǹ⽫ġⲻû¶𣿡
û£
̫̫ŭ
ʲô£һҪƵŻΪ𣿴˼㣡ôͿ
ƽ̫̫ٶŭҲ˼ɶƽ˵棬ԲᵱŶƽ˵յʲôˡ
ƽίһߵһ˵ֻǱƭˣֻҪƭϳȥ֮˽Դϲ
̫̫ûָƽ˵ܺãмںͶƽ磬˵Ȳǲƭӣֻ֪˭⣿ȻѺͿ
ں֮кֻ̫̫꣬ԸţһλʮСѾͷƬӣбݺļı˵ıСС;ͻˣҪɱ˷
̫̫Ӷƽ𰸡
˵㣬ûǸӡ
̫̫ʵ̫׶ƽ˵ԴҲ˽ⶫƽ˵Ը񣬴ǴЩԼȥ˵Щˡ
ƽ죬վʲôû˵
̫̫ۣĳһȻ뻤ǸˣҾͲˡѺͿ£һģǾһܷɡ
յº޹ء
̫̫һ۽ϡ
мͬʱҲЩ
һûϵû˵֮󣬾һ
Ҫʱ򣬾קקϵ֣ȻϾͿʼ顣
˵ˣΪĸȣԺӵСﳭдһ¡㡭
̫̫ʧֺĵ̾˿˶֮˵㲻ȥãԼԺú÷ʡɡһ¶Ҫϣ
ֻ̫̫Ĵã㲻ôƽ˷ܲѣͷ꣬ϲ˵꣬л̫̫̫̫ǲˡ
⻰һ˵ĵɴ۾
Ķš
ʲô
̫̫ΪͲؼŮûʸȥã̫̫Ҳûʸܽ
ڱ̫̫ˡ
ң̫̫ȻúԺһ£
һ£ܼˣȴܺͺ˳Ϧദ
֪Ǹ಻壬Щޱˣûں߽ưµʱ䣬˾ܷŮˡ
ݺݵҧס˴ǴŰӿڣĸŮÿҪ밲һ²ŮǲЩ飿
ǡ
̫̫һߣüΪǸĹȻǸĹӦףչ鲻㡣ʵʵĴţȻǸԺӶסã
죬վʲôû˵
£˶ȥɡ
̫̫˶ɢˣ̾һ
ץס֣𣿡

û뵽̫̫Ȼ⡣
ҡ
̫̫ѣԶԭǸ
̫̫ɿ֣ǸģѵҲָ֮ǲԭպŸɣҪҪˣ㽫Ļ»ء
ĸҲ𣿡
£ԽܣһֱҲΪ߱Ƴȥѡ
ˡ
һԸо̫̫ᡣ
һ£ҲȥˣúõദչĸŮôޣ
ĸҡ
̫̫˰֣Ļ
ܾˣȥúЪš
ůȥӵʱͷһۣ̫̫ڱĿ
ĬĬ̫̫̾Ǵ⣬Ͷƽ޸ϵ
ǣ
Ь࣬˫ֱסϥǣͷ˽ȥԺлϱӺͶƽദһĻһĻ
һӣһӡ
ůĻһĮĵĻ
꣬͵
ͺ񡭡Ǻ˵Ů
ˣ˸ͲԶֻ÷˳ƺ
ƺǺһ۵㡣
ʱ룬˿¸Ͳ뽫ϻ
Ժ˵һǽѡ
ˣúϢ
۲ˡ
˴ϴˮϴϴ˯ˡ
ɽնĳЩ˵עһ֮ҹ
껻һ£ߵһС񷿡
Ҳ굽һ˫ǵ۾ﶼų⡣

鲻Խס˿ڱǡ
ζ̫̱ˡ
̫ˡ
ò


ĵͷ
ǿθﷺĶģ˵㽫Һˣ븺𵽵סڣ̫̫ѾȫŮ
ݺɣ˱̫̫ںԺҼ˵Ҹô죿
ȫûһɾطĿڶһΪʧ
ǰŮŮ̱Ůһ˿˿ί
ǻҳĵдһ֡
ɱ

 22 

գһɫİȹɶֻûװõŻĲߵá
Ϸķ֮³ȥ
ֻжƽһˡ
үá
˸кվԼԱߣʼġ֡
峿΢ϣġֵͷڳ֮Ц
ǵбɽӲӵɫҫ۶Ŀ
ڿϺүϷ˻Ķƽиε۾
㡭
Цˡ
漸ֶƽû˵
ΪкϺүϵк
š̫̫Ҳ

ϺүûӦ̫̫ģ֣ʵ̫̫ʲôطˣô̫̫ʱô񣿡
εķһۡ
֪Լףʲô¶ܣֻı١
ϱûλ
ɣλ׵Ͳ֪λŮĴڡ
û뵽λ׵ôá
鲻˵ڶƽֵ˾֪Ҳһˣô£Ϊƽϵϴ󣬾λӵߣƽĺүȻ֪£
үһֱǺŮű̫̫ߡ
Ŷ
ƽ˵ͷӻ֣Ȼ̫̫ϲ㣬Ҫúź̫̫̫̫үѾ񡣡
ε̾һǡ̫̫ū澻̫̫
ѹûָƽܰϳ
ĿŶƽ뿪ȥϰ֡
̫̫ʱ
ûƽֻϰֵ
үأ
ëʣ̧ͷ̫̫˵ȥˡ
٣١˶ɵˣԼŮϲ
̫̫ԼҲûˡ
ֱ˵ɡܶŸ׵ݣ̫ƽҽ϶ףдϣҲû˸ˡ
̫̫ΪȻҪף
Ů׼ܣæ˵̫̫ôף
˵ܾܣ
һ̵̫̫
Ҳҵ˽ġǿˣﶼǲ׵ģ㽫޵ҲδؿףȻˣ㲻
̫̫Ȼһ㶼뵽ˡ
úӣ˵㲻õԼĽĸ㶥šֻҪÿѧѧд֣١
죬סԼϵЦ⡣
̫̫İŮ裬˿ɣֻҪ̫̫еģҪ
ţ̫̫ͻȻ˵ȥÿ

ķҲ
Ӧ̫̫ξĿڵȥҲȥѵﵱһӵĵˣ
֮ҵŮҲ
ôǲԸȥ롣
ҲףҪһŮ˶ԼĺӺʮֲף̫̫֤ݶóˣ׵ĸߺˣŮǲš
ôѺ˵
Ļ˵һֱܴƺͰ̫̫
ҵĻˣ
ҡ
졣
Ϊ̫̫ȥƽ˾ˡ
ȥˡ
һӢ¸ӡ
̫̫ӢηӣЦˡ
ţεҡҡͷ
⺢ӣĸԵôôǳ
̣̳ƵߵСá
ϣƽ˸ûг𾭣ǰȵڵС˯źŮƵĸ˴ӡ
ĳֲ˶Цˡ
ƽ˵ǲªԼҵ˯
ȿȡ
߽ãƽһ
֮󣬻˼άԼ̬
߸ϵĸĿڣôˣ̫̫ûг𣿡
ϵһֽͷӡ
ȥ̫̫Ҫˣ
ֽƬ׷ɣĴϡ
Į𾭵ֽ
ɨһۣ͹˹
ˣû̫̫Ļ
ʲô˼
ƽɫͺĺ¡
˵ˣ۸Ҳʶ־ͿЩ˭ּ²֪ǿĶܼסҼ֣һģһ
֡
ƽ˺궼벻ּ̫̫Ȼˡ
̫̫ԺźˣȻΥΥ̫̫Ƿߵˡȥ̫̫÷ź˻Լĵط
óдˣźŮںߣҲǹġ
ǲ֪˺ߵˣ˵ӻʲôӣ
һͺڴ
ң
ܺһݺңΪβҽ¸̫̫
֤֤ڡ
㲻
ЦһЦҲ֪Ϊδꣿ


 23 

ҡ
ƽ˺ʲôƵģˡ
ȻƽʲôֹͣˣøӼᶨҾǿ㡣СѾ˻ʲôʲô£ôȵҾꣿ
ôĸ߹֮ϰķ㣬ֻ֮п갿衣û뵽ȻԼ֮ѡ
ʲôʱ֪ģ
ЩΪԼŭĸ׾Ȼ񶾵ĻԼŮ
ûзŭһ˿˿ûиı䣬ƽĺƽ˵˸һ
ֻǣ֪ոʳǸĴ𰸡
ʱ򡣡
ֵزƽû
Ȼĵ˵ͷ
Ҹ굱ʱ򣿡
Ǹʱչֳ˷ͬһ츳ȥ˿ߣͲٸ굱ˡ
һ²ҵ츳ãΪʲôҪѡꣿ
ǸʱҲ꣬һжûгΪֻ֣Ҫƽһ仰ݾܻ
õôū澣ô裬ɺʲôû׿ʱΪһѾߵĳ·
㼫ȫĴѹҡ̤ңΪʲô
Ϊʲô
ƽ˫ȿʼӡ
ĿŶƽˣȴƽ˵Ĵ𰸡
ƽ˾þû˵
Ϊƽ˲˵ʱ򣬶ƽͻȻվֱˣϲٴӡ
ȫŭ𣬡Ϊʲô㲻ãΪ̫ӲǺͬһ£Ҿ̧ͷҲˣĵһ죬ҵĹܼȨûˣһθұöƽˣȻŷˣҽôȥˣ
һҵĸǡֻҪߣһһ١
ûƵĽڡ
ľګתŶƽˣųз͵˵棬ҲܡЩ˭Ҳܡ
ӽԺҴԼ굱ŮҲ㡣
ǣһ𾴡
ò
մ̫̫ﵽãڻȥ϶ᱻ̫̫߶
֪˼ҵ˼ͺ˺ͺãܹĸŮϵˣ֮ĺòˣҪϷ˵һƬˡ
ȥ裬о˼²ˣ˵ܸѧС
·ȥС衣
Сժˣ˳˸СӣߣһСѲˣæ
ǰæĲ˻ȥô£ȥ
裬Ϊʲô
ûһѲˣһѡ
ҾǸû۵ģС͸ɿۻժ˶ֲҡ
ɵĻ۵ģʱˮϴϻж
費ˣһժһʵõĵչʲô
ƲƲ죬裬ڻءԲ˳ôң֪˿ɲˡ
֪Ҳûã㵱˶Ϲӣ
轫˷ŽҨ˼ˮҨӵˮʼϴˣЩ˵Ŀ̫̫ҳĻòˣ˯ŵʱ̫̫˶ˡ
ִˮóа׵ָϻˮɵɵʵĸжˣ
ǣϷûˡԺе͸֪ˣ̫̫жˣһԺӣö˴Ѿߣƶһͻ㣬ȥѡѾߡ

Ǵסˡ
û뵽Ϸôϣ
ɵɵĿڵô˵Ҳ֪ҵ
ͷ
Ѿ߾ͱˣֻһź򡣡
֣˾ȻȰæˡ
ЦǲӦñֵĴһЩ
ϾΪӵеĶˣֻһʼӽԺʧȥֻࡣ
ǲ⣬ô죿
૵һź򰡡
ϾҪ˼˵ĸܣҪһ˶꣬ȥѾߣǱɱ˺˶ܣ
Ϊ⣬һʮѾء
ʵҲʮ꣬ϱʮꡣ
Ҳף괦ελøá
뵱Ϊελں̧ͷǲ֪궥εݻô
תת۾ʵ裬Ȼ֪ˣ˵Ҳ֪𣿡
첻֪ն˽Ѿ߸ˣҲӦˡ
죬˵ͷ
裬ȻȥˣûҪҡ
һֻӣıȥ̫̫Ժӵݡ
һͼֽ̫̫ܡ
̫̫ʣ¼Ժӣֻ籲ԺõģԺҲһǺԺӡ
ţɡ
̫̫ʼҲ
ŶСʵ̫̫ǺԺǸԼҹ׼ģƷԺǲҪջ
Щפ㡣
ϸĻ
̫̫һڲ裬²豭˵ȻԼҵĹȻԼԺӣҸס˾ǣòҡ
˼̫̫һȫӣ˲λһλ
̫̫Ƕꡣ
ԺǮ
¶ԼоϣϾûǵСţǵѾϷû˵
һѾߵǮ㹻ˡ
ռŮôλãôĺöһѾߵǮǱˡ
Ȼأԭ̫̫УĵλǸѾߡ
ϱˡ
̫̫΢΢ۣȥʱ㿴ЩĶ׼ߡһ˵ֶĸŮģۼѾһɲٳһ
˵ͷǡ
ϱȥƷԺ
ҪͺݺϷ˻ڶôݣܡ
룬ȹ˽ȥ
ȶϷ˸˸ӣ˳
ĸŮΪЩĶӦߡ
̫̫üͷ˵ЩġСԴʲô
ĸŮϸҪʲôòߣ֪˿϶֡˵öԣҺͺĸŮĸŮ֮иҹĳңҾ͸Ҫã꽫ߣҶʾТġ
ҲտʼӺùһЩڹǽ
Ժӻأĥ
̫̫Ļϧˡ
ĸĸζôô¡ģһϲ㡣
ƭĸЩ
ӲͷƤˣЦĿ˵ӣҺһͬȥ𣿡

 24 

ţû뵽һӾһҪȥꡣ
ƺ⿴ǣ
ϸҲǣҪռʮλã϶ҲϣǡңŶ뿪ˡ
̫̫Ҳ㷴ԡ
ãɡ
ѡŮ£ȹȥԺ˵
Ŷںﴩе
ǸϲųģԴӹܼңѾ͸һѣŶһūͳȺĸоݵĽƷԺ
ƷԺڣȻͦվ룬Ŀ˽Ķ½½
Ķֳݶһݶѵ飬һݶǣֻЩһ£̫̫ǰһ䣬ҪЩԺ
һʳ˵һѡ
Ҳԣ껹Щ£ȴûʳ㲻̫ҡ
ͬʱҲ
˿̵ʮ͸ϡ
ƺһƷھ߹ŵĶЦ˵ֻǸ۵Ů
ԭ
ǣѾˣһγΪŮñͨѾߺһЩ޸µģԸ⣡
ôˣ
߰վţмƳһҵݣܸ𣿡
̧ţһһߵǰ
ͬ꣬˼죬һֱʳţĸҪߣò̧ͷܿ۾
Ϊոձϳͷϵͷɻ󣬶ֻǶŸͷɿӸ߹
꼵ˡ
ߣ㽫ӵеĶߣֻҪﲻ㣬ԶǺĵչ
òϡЦʵӦøлңҪҸ飬̫̫Ҫʲô߾뿪
Խ꣬ߵȹԱߣһȹӣԴЩˡ
˵Žȹȥ
꽫Ķ衣
㾹ҶҵĶ
ΪβңЩǺʹ͸ģô˵ҲǺӣĶƾʲôܶ
˵ţ⽫ļȹӸ˶ð͢ʹӣȹӡ
𶯣
ըëˡ
Һ˵ҪҵĶ
ȹ£֣ͲΪϲĶ𣿡
һΪҲЩݣǿ߹ˣﻹôС
ѽ
Ƕ·һֽ
ʲô
꿴Ƕŵܹȥ㽫ҡ
֣кˣ£
ĵһŶ˹˼ڱ֣һӵϣס
һ˫Ӷ񶾵Ķ㻹ңҵģҵĶ
ĺţһֽۣõǰ
ǡ
Ȼɴ˫ۣǺׯӣ
һ͹ȥǸׯӣ
ǵúⲻǺ˵Ĳҵ
ⲻǺĲҵôУ
ҵģ
ίĿŴǺ˸ҵģԼׯӣ㲻ߣ㲻ߣ
ݺݵĵһۡ
ׯӵĵɲһС¡
Ϸ˻أƽļλֵܶûзּңڹˣû˽ĵ
ܺ꣬øˡ
ӣ㿴
ùһ
ôʱļңȻûּһׯӵ
⡭
˽ŵĿһۣ³һԭƷԺȫ˽￴סˣ˭Ҳȥȥ̫̫
㡭
ɨһⶫ㷢ֵģȥ̫̫һˣ
ҡҡͷӣһ￴Űɡ˶ӣ໥ͨںߣпȻ
ұ뿴Щֹ뿪͵͵Ľߡ
˵⻰ʱ⿴һ۱סꡣ
𣬡㲻ôңҵģ˵ļױ
뿪Ķ˸˸ӣȶȫ뿪֮˲˸Ϭ
ǲǼױ˻ᶨᣬˣڵ㿴һûУǸӣλСŵĸ׵һģһ
ܣܣôһ
һ֮С
õһ찡
ͷգٿ¶΢Ц
ֽţ˰ӵ
ͶƷԺ֮ǰߵ˲֪ƹ˽ֽ
һῴһۣ֪˾ȻԼܼҵʱ򣬸ණԼļױҲںĶ
ԣŻȥȻһŵ
˭ڰ
Ƿһ顣
泩õĸп
Ƕ˵ֲá
ȷգ̫ǳۣҫ۵̫ͺʹ۵ļͲʺ档
û˰ɡᱻɹɺڵ
Щ֬ȫ飬ûˣÿ컨һʱȥ硣
֪뷨Ҫ֪ˣ϶Է̣ȥѾߵĻͲˣȻԼɹɺڵ
ȴĹ͡
ȤҷζߵЩǰϸϸĲ鿴
һµ˽⡣
˺ԼԴӣʹ޷ߵļױ֮⣬öļꡣ
ŶֻӦоС
ȻĶɾô¶ķţۡ
ˣЩǧŪˡ
ۿչŶֻƲƲ죬Ĳм
ǵū澵ģô֪Ŷֻηղأΰڷţûװã˸
û뵽ԹŶֻ˽⾹ȻҪ࣬ǿһ۾ܽг֣̫СȥŶи˵ˡ
ôܣ
ȫȻֵز
ţ˵
ȷܡôҲû뵽ҾȻ˼
˻
ŵĴŴӲ̧ͷǰվŵľȻ̫̫
̫̫ߵͷѵ˲ǱˣǶƽ
ƽôҲˣ
ΪʲôǺˣ
֪ĺֻк˲ܾ
̫̫·𿴳뷨϶˹вƲ棬㡣
ˣԺӣ                

 25 

˫޹⣬Ŀ̫̫ԺѲ顣
ˡȫˡ
͵͵ߵĶȫȥˡ
һ̣꽫еĺⶼרϡ
Ҫ
ĳ֣ɻǸ߸ϵĺŮ
ɱ
ɱ
ͱһӵȫеë׷·𶼽һҪɱʲôݣֻҪˣһжԻعԭ㡣
ȻãΧĿ䡣
֮Ѿȥһ£ͲƳʱô䣬˵ʱ򣬲Ӧøо䣬̫̫Ǳ߿˿
̫̫ѳĶԽԽ
ˡ㿴̰ī˶ٺĶ
֪ʲôǺĶʲô˽˵ĶֻôѳĵͲҵʵ̫Щ
һȻûˣϮĶȥ⣬˵һңӹҲ
ǵãϱ֮󣬺Ӿһ첻һ죬ƲĺүΪǮԱϥȥˡ
ԭ
ȴԽԽãڹĵλҲǷǳߣ𾴣ЩӲ޹ϵ
˶Ҳ̫ˣټһڿգΪ겹
ԽԽ벻ͨôˣ
ĸôӣӦöջعаɣ
Ȼ϶ϱЩ빫С
̫̫ˡ
üЦܼ֮ǰЩȻûֹ⡣ֻú˹ܼҺܲףҪά֧ƽ̫ˡ
û뵽ڿ˼ĵ档
̫̫ģϱ϶ὫЩˡ
Ŀһꡣ
ǰ걻ίΣܼҴȨУֺãǰӵ
ºɸݲѾͷܼҴȨ䣬ûֺãܵ衣
ǣûһ˻ͬ
˹еĲƲ̫ˡ
̫̫Ķ͹ȥ𣿡
̫̫ȴأһЩĶ
үϱЩױҪҪȻصĸˣ
ǡ
ƽɫҲÿ˵˺ɫ
ȷʵû뵽Լô¡
ô˵ҲǶӵŮϵñôӣҪסɡ
Ů̫̫ȣŶƽһӣ˭Ů㵽ڻֲŮÿ㿴㶼ˣ
̫³ˡ
С֪˶ٹӵĶƽԹȡ
Ϊ֪ĹӾģͲ߲·
ƽҾ񾿾к⣿ڿף׽󡣡

̫̾˿֣
ߵƽǰתöƽպܿ
̫̫˵㿴ӣҪٿ˵Ĳӣ
ǣϸ
ƽεĶôҲס
Զƽ¶һЦ
ϸֳľѡ
ƽҲЦˣү֪ľѺҵһڿ㵹ǺҲ񣬲֪˻ΪŮأ
ƽ˵֮󣬿һž
͸û˵ͷ죬̫̫ȥĿһ
ƽͻȻԴ˻Ȼı飬˶Ϊͨʱ򣬶ƽﲻݵ˵òҵðɣ
ž
ϷһӴڶƽıϣ㡭
˵һ𻰣ͶۼֿķסϷˡ
ͷ磬Ů¶ںˣѵһ֪
ҵһ㣬Զﴫ档
ƽڿϹЦȴЦ˵ȴ֪ô˵ı顣
ѵ
ƽһ㱣˫źȻϵɫ˲ɷס
Ǵ£ƭҰ
ƽԴת˹̫̫Զƽ˼ֺɫ
ƭ㿴ĳ࣬ٿǸĳ࣬㻹˭Ů
ƽĵ˵ͷ
ú̫̫񣬻ŴϺүϵСʲôûУƽǲôĳ࣬Ǳ̫̫֮ԽԽ곤úһ㶼һƵĵط
̫̫һ¶ƽıɵվˣˡ
ŶŶ
ƽɵɵӦˡ
ʱ򣬿Ȼڶһɺ£Լ
ҪһźһģһΪŮʵǡʵ̫ˡ
ֶƽϵپļһ˺޲ñһͰ͵ӡ
Ǹ
Ŀ˵үֻ᲻Щ
ƽ룬ԼŮ˳ںܶࡣ
ڵ
ү
ʵǽв֣ϱӻⱲӣ붫ƽ֮һѪԵϵ֮⣬ûʲô
ԶŮ֮εദ̫̫̫̫ĸΣҲû취£ˣȻͺˡ
ˣǷѾĸȥԺӡ
̫̫뿪ƽ˴ûʲô£ֱ뿪
ƺ󣬿һֱվŲꡣ
̫̫ĻȥסţҲԼȥһ䡣Ҫںúõʱͱȥ̫̫ȹһ̫̫꣬ôᷳ㣬ָܸһ׮û¡
л˹ġ
ĸ˸ӡ
ոѾ߸ˡ
˵סһžܿԺӣסӣûȫסмˣȴòסҲĵط
һĻҪˡ
ȥֽҪĹдţ                   

 26 

籲Ժ
籲Ժڵİ裬һЩ̫̫Լ˽óĶһЩǶԸӣӹ֧ġ
ԺӿǳֵǮ
ԺɨĴʹѾ߲ʮˣѾǰˣһѾˡ
̫̫ǸĸһӶЩ޷Ӧ
ԭĸѾӦԼѡ̫̫Լѡãѡ˳
ˣʡˡ
˵˵Լʲô
滨ľϣµĿĸˡ
˳еȣ˵꼶Դʮ߰꣬ʮꡣ
Ͷ󣬿ɶʵʵļӣЩɻأûʸӴλŮ
ۼ˱鲻һ
Ĺ˳üСȴм
ҲϲСģ̫̫˼ӦΪ˸ޣѡˣǹܼҵŮҲǶѾߡ
ʻʱ˶ûش
һ˽ӣ
ܺáȻû֣Ҿ͸֡
˶鲻࣬ҲǾʹ״ŰɣĻﻨ
˳ָȥ
û˵СġϻһЩӤʵ˵ίĵᣬū֡
αϣһЦ֣ҸոʱΪβش𣿡
ɨһˣֱӣ˵ǶǼӣ֪ҵҲ֪ﶼңΪҲǺ
ʵⱲѾöˡ
ϱӣŸŮͷ۸ǵŮݣǲ۸ǰﷴеġ
˵ѪԵϵı䲻ˡǾ￴ңҲҪףӽҲǺĵ˲Ըźңҿȥźꡣ
ǺﾫﾫˣźΪū澳۸ǿǿ֮˵ҪǸ͵˵ˡ
ȻˣҾ¸Ǹֱ֣Ǵġء÷
ţһСѾ߱ĳ˶÷
ı˱죬ȴǲ˵ʲô
ĵͷϢɡ
ϴ֮ɫĿŶ÷ƷȻĨַǳʵ࣬źŨŨĻ㣬Ƕƽζ
װʲô֪˯ˡ
÷͵͵ţӡ
ɨһȦӣ÷û¡
귿İ裬һѾ߶硣
عҪĶҸˣ˵õأ
˵ţ֡
һڵŭһ֮ǰ˭ô˵
ֻͨһѾߣò÷ӡ
ʮӷŵ÷
÷˵࣬ϲЦտ˵ԺҪ£ҡҿǸջָݾǶˣһǽơ
˵￪˻
˶û֣ڰһˣǵ̸ˡ
֮óһֻŸ룬дõĶڸϵͲϣŷ˸ӣ΢ɲ̾˿
ǹߵˣȻǽǣҪǴȥԺûа취ڽϻˡ
ӴӶƽߣһ·ͨķɽѺͿ
˿˸Ҳ޶á
ʮϤķɵZϡ
óͲZֽҡ̲סųЦ⣬Ұæͳ˺ĵŮ
Zû˯Ҳ˯
ӣÿ춼ҪعϢ˲Ϣع֪ˣһжʹ顣
ԹԵ˵ţȫûע⵽ԼҹӵѾˡ
ӣǲǺУ
Դ˼ĵ˵ͷֵѵѵ񣬾ڹߣʲô¶ûС
Ȼе÷ţǾȥǵӲˡ

ӳüˣֻʱ򣬹ӲŻͷȥˣÿ춼ڹߣû£ôͱˣ
Zӵļ򣬡ȢĸǮˣҪˣҰӵѵӪ
Ӵһ飬ѵӪЩؿ˵ףҪʱ䣬߲ݶҩ²ɣµʱ䣬ӿ϶ˣĵλҪˡ
ZϺ֣ˢһºӣһʱЦȫޣ꣬ǲ֪
ӣҪҪ˴ꣿ
ָZ⡣
ZĿһӣ˵ӣѵպøδĸҪҵȶƽӶˡ
ӻȻ򣬡ӣˡһ콹ҪعһȥɽǩҪҪ˸ţ
ZЦʧһɶҼǵãͶƽƺлԼ
ǣĴүлԼ
žһ죬Z۶ȡ                   

 27 

峿ոϴϣֱζŨۣ֬ױ
̫̫Щʼݵû״Ѿ˶쵰ôױֻҪӣͲ̫ѿ
Ϊѵ죬ս˺ƨɡ

ͭԼͷ޵ղ
жһ˿𾪣סЦ⣬ǫĵͷл佱
ʵѾ˵ӣ
ɵʱ߽ϵƨɣסˣūȥˮϴˡ
ôȥˣ
ǲ죬û뵽һаԼˣ˰֣˵ˣȥˡ
ƽס̫̫ԺӵС棬˿һŨױĨӶԷ治̧ž˽ȥ
ߵ۾ڷǰоĶƽǰܵĸӣгһԼԸ˵ڣƽҲԸһ֣
ƽƤһƤ
ۿźƨ䵱ŵһŨ̱ǵζ֮һû
ҹȥ˲뿴㡣
ƽסٶȥһڣжһ㡣
ϵЦݲ䣬̵Ӧһ
һҪúõﳭ𾭣ȥĸ飬ĸЩų

ƽһ˵˺ü۾۲Ĳ
߳ãλѾ˵ȥĸ
ĳĬ֮еݸһʪӣɡ
ֲĿ˴һۣλģױݣⱸʪӣһʼû˵Լ֮⣬κë
ӹʪӣŨŨױ
Сóû߼̫̫
ĸ

ĸһˣΨһĸرġ
ȥˣ
ǡ
˵꣬ʹŭ𣬡˲Ҫ
̫̫Цݱƽ˵һŭɢˡ
ôֿʼˣ
̫̫˽ȥ
ϣʲô
ƽ˼̫̫֮ȫ£̫̫θ֮æͣĴһ续ĸһϱϻжϱرζϱܲ˲Ű˳ȥ
䣬ȹ˽
ƽ˼Ÿɾֲָ㡢㡭
ôһĹϵĶͲˣ
̫̫ڶƽ˺֮ŵǹɴ̱ǵζѾȷƽ˵滰
ϧ˭ľƫأ
ϣֻǸӣ£Խʲô
ϱ
˵ˡ̫̫˶ƽ˵Ļ㳭𾭾ѧƽľʲôʱѧᣬʲôʱӷóȥɡ
ֱӽһµ޸ڡ
̫̫ûа취ȥ
ƽǰһڣ˸ۣ˹ȥ

ĵĴһѾһ𽫶ƽ̧ϡ
̫̫ľٶЩҪѵĻͶ˵ˡ
ĸߡȻչˡ
ϷȻֵС
Ѿ߼䣬̫̫ܵߡ
̫̫صݡ
صݣ̫̫һ˵ô£ϵζ˵㻭һ
ĸҪ˵ء
ſ̫̫ϣ˵ߵū̫ˣЩ˲ź򡣡
˵λѾȫ
Ҫ֪һͻȥⱲӼͲٷֵõĲˣڱ˻ȥˡ
Ŷ̫̫Ҳ˾е˼ͷ
һΣûСǻ鶯Ĵ٣СҲˡ
˭
ָ̧̫̫ȣһߴһ˵ĸʵҲǰ˸ߣҾǾһѾ̫ˣһˣòţ´ĺصһѾ߾㹻ˡʣµˣȥԺ棬ЩɨĻͺá
ĺܻῴɫҶ׼ĺȫصĻյͷģֺɡû¡
Ͷ÷Ժﵹǿԣʵǲߡ
áԺԼ
̫̫ûԭ򣬼˵ԺÿȳһʱȥѧܼҡԺҪˣܼҿɲС
ǣ֪
ܼңÿһλŮѧļܣҲ̫ĶⱲӳҪúѧѧ
һ¡̫̫óһȥɽǩŶϵ˽͵ˡȥǲȥ


 28 

ȥȻҪȥ
콿ĺѣô͸ӣ϶Ϊ꽫콡
̫̫գգ۾ĸ콳֮⻹˱𣿡
Сʲôµˡ̫̫ЦóһӣҪһȥͲȥˡ
ĸҾǸģ˼꣬ȥ˼ҪңھǹŮûѣҪǱ˵ʲôҵĻͲˡϾԿη
һ˵ǣ̫̫ϸ룬˵еһȥɣ֮ҲиӦ
Ӧһȴһ㶼Һ໥Ӧģòײ˰æܲ飿
Լõգһ鶯Ư٣һббĲͷϣϴˮɫԽӻɫİȹϴһֻңλŮ֮
Ѿһˡ
Ŀڣꣿ㲻ں𣿡
ǸģҲȥ
̫ǰһˮɫͱǰĵ˺üȡ
οյĴһ˵ǽԼеõĶóҲΪ
˾µױҪ֪֮ȥǩΪȥء
νϲɡȥɽ
ȥɽҪǣֱСĽкÿӣһǣεͳȥģһǳ˺Ĺ޳
ǰرӵе˶ҲȻζĶ
̾һӡ
ٿЩˡ
һ·޻Ϊ飬İɽ
ɽ֮µԼĵλŵļ͡
㲻Ҫʲô˽֡
ô
˵ˣǺĵչݲӦõġ
콺ɸֵ˵̫ˣúõݶ˸ߡҾͲţ㵱ôĵŮô˵ǾͲˣ˵Ǳһµ׶أ
˵ˡ
꾪ֵס콵죬ĴΣȻΪҴ򱧲ƽҺܿģǲҪ˵ˡҡء
һſŵĽӲҪǮµ
۽ǳ鴤ʲô
˵͵᣿
ᵽ˺ŵһСӣӶˣҪΪṴ̄īв£Ҿ߶ߣôֵĺ۸һ
˵ˣȥѾҲίǱĥôأ
ûпʼԼʼˡ
ȿȡȻ꽫ԼֵôΪ۸Ͳ罫¸ʵˣˮˣ۸۸
꣬˵û㵱ư͡
콿ȥǰ򱧲ƽô˵ֲ꣬ҵū澡
ˡЦˣǡ
ҽѵҼҵˣﲻʺϲɡ뵱ֻǴһӣںйһҹˡֻ죬𣿡
㡭Թ磬Ҳһƽϡ꣬ȥǱߡ
ֺһȥԱţ
νĸպø׼˵ӣھ˰ԶһϪԱ
ʵˮŻ塣
ˣϪˮ
Ǹ˵̧ͷε۾
ǰһɫۣǽüĿ˶øС
֪˭Ĵӡ¡
λӣҿɲˣΪƢãˣԲŻһڴ˴
Ƣãû¶߿
н񱣬ùˣɲϡ
ڵݣƺ䲻ˣ
ԼȡǲǷǵü޸£
뵽һξԼݲá
֪ڶ̶̵ʱ֮ھ뵽ôֻ࣬˲̫һǱҵã˹СԼСøˡ
һɲˣӣ˶Թ˵ǸʲôҪҵǸʲôݣѾˡģĻԼҿɲ֡
±µɫͨ졣Ҫͣҡ
ƫƫʱպ˹ƣžžž
˵úá˵̫ã֪󣬿϶ԵǸǴǱߴЦ
һ˵ˣס죬ԼЦ
ҧҧӲǱֳһ˺ϤȵӣZ֣㾹Ҳˡ


 29 

ţ
Ȼһۣдϲ֮⣬뽫¸ϻȥ
¹ӣ㲻ӦڹӼ𣿡
¹ǹӼѧһĳӿż̳оλˣȻȥӼѧϰ棬ûǴĻղǹӼӣӼѧɣ
Z˫۳ӯЦ⿴½Χ¹ӦҪŻٳӼࡣ
˵һƽĴ
Ͻ¿Z˵ǣµȷҪ£ֻºعйء
ʲôϵ̧ƤùĳӲúöŮɫȥɲʲô
λδΪûǸöֵ¶һ顣
Ȼ¿˵ϣ㲻ҪΪꣿ
ΪΣ
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˵ÿͰ͵ģһ㶼˰
ڱ£Ķһ˿ᷳԵ޹ʵľͻȻδ޻˸ˣǸѾ߳ģûֲܹʶһȢϱ˭ܸˣ
һðͷ˻飬ֹ
бʾ˶ΰĽУѾ¶飬˲ټޡԸµңең϶ڱеҪĶࡣ
ˣںʱ̫̫ĳ谮ں޼ɵһȥ˹û¸ĳ谮ʲôǡ
᲻ῴ¸ûĿǷΧ֮ڣ¸ô㣬ô˿ϣ
ҲӦ˵š
Ȼ˵ǶƽɺлԼ㼰֮Ҫ޸ңҲҪҵңǽãǽãȻҪദ
˵֮һΪĶֻǲ֪ΪΣʱЩ䡣
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Ȼȷ֪Ӧ
߶ĵҪˣȴЦݵ˵ӣֻѡһأûңû
㲻Ҫ
Ȼµиû뵽ֿܡѾɫѵ
úۡʯͷվģǸȥǩˡ
ǡ
ĺ˸Ĳ
±ϣȴZ
δŮδޣֻǲҪΪá
δ򡣡
ܻĵ޽һҪúõĽ̽ʲôΪ֮
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ѽ
¾̧żŵ׾Ȼһӡ
˭ôȱ·ӣ
Zġ˵ʱ򣬼˱֮󣬾ˡZ˵ĺܿţӣɵÿЩУ
лѣȥ
ĺܣZļ仰ŵû겻壬С˱ɽ
µıӰԽԽСZ˵֣
תͷĵطûӰ
ڿ뿪֮󣬾ϸȥ
콵úܿ죬һȥǩ
ǽԼ̬ŵĺܵͺܵͣǸСѾƵġ
Ҹ˵ǩر׼Եǩ
콰ܣȥǩɣһŽܼ޸һλɾء
ⱻһ
ʵǸ㲻һΪֻԲӦ䡣
Ҿһ֧ǩ
ǩͲҡţԭû⣬ߵһֱֹԵ֪ҲԵ⡣
һǩ˲˳
дţǰԵ
ĸֵһ˲䣬뵽Z
콴չǩ˵ҸԵءҸ̥ʱͶףֻмˣɲǰԵ𣿡

Цǩأ
Ҳ㡣
콱ֵȫǸߵСŮŤקָˣ׼Ҵȥ
á
һ콺Ȼסӣʹı飬ϣҶӺۣ糿ԵĶãҪȥ
ڣæ˳ȥ
գգ۾һȦΧźһͨĴ֮⣬һڷڷм¯
¯ɢֵζ
˸Ƿ
Ȼﱻ˵һҩ裬ҩڼ˲˹
˭
ꡪ
һգ۵ʱ䣬˾ͱ˹ֻһ϶
ҡ
ϤķZ
ǣոյõǩZ˵һܱյĿռ֮ڣ÷ɿ죬ȵðպ쵽˲ӡ
档
ZٴοڣŬԼľе϶֮⡣
ȵĿһλúһģһĹڵϡ
ݣ
Zûش⣬ֻ˵
еɻ󣬼ȥű˴򿪡
Ȼ˽ڵϵġ֮󣬽ѰĴЦ
âݵĵͺ𣬡ȥɣ


 30 

ڹ꽫ذ״̽ŵ˵ࡣ
΢΢Ӳҧס´Լһ
ţӣҪڵ˵ӡոץȻһ齫ַ£Ĵţ׷˳ȥ
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Z˵뿪֮ڶ˵
Z˲֪ܽãҲ֪ʲôʱοZոջͶZ˼Σ룬˵ðɣ뿪
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ǵı죬ǰûͷZֻһ˫֮У˼ָӡ
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ӣΪΰң
һżȻڶοܻżȻżȻƭԼһأ
Z׼ɽ֮Ѿ֪ļƻƶеӦ֮ߡ³һ㲻ʵӣ֪Լεºܣ
صĿ⣬ѹZĿڣһʱ֮侹Īĳء
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Zûзˣ˵Һٳڼ䣬չ˺ңұ۸䲻ұѺͿ۸
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ZСԺס죬֪иûϢ
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ϻһλŮӣϸȥŮӵòоųɾŵ
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ĸǶƭˣֻǼҵݣԼĸ񣬹ӽĸ
̫̫Ȼǲŵģƽȴס˽Ҫ˵̫̫˵¶ۣ϶ԩŮ
ʹĵͷô죬ƻô죬ô죬ȵõһˡ
죬ҪдϣǸ֪ԶܳΪƽĵŮ
ץŵġֱۣԶƽ˺̫̫ĸ뿴ϸû̥ǣǿ̥ǻģֱϵĲ̥ǣҲŮĸŮ


 31 

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ɫȱʹϵûϹ, ĸ֤ݰǰܲҡ
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˸ͣ˵Ѵð֤ݶóˣٰ̫̫ӴôҲ˵ȥɡ

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üëԵĿһꡣ
ûн¸˵꣬ոշµͨһ˳
ʱƽ˰Χô֪Ǹģ
úЦԼҲͰˣӲҪԼŮ·ϱƣĸףҲǰѵһ
˲ģѵҴĲɣ
˾֪ܡ
Ƕƽ˵˼·ǲͬڳˡ
ҭסС˵Ҳǲܡ
ǳԼҵŮԹ꣬Ǹ꽫˴ȻٹƣеôͲĶ֡㻹̫̫ϲ㣬޼ɵˮ
ⷬ˵Ŀ˼ô֪ԼŮˣ
ͺͶƽ̯ˣƽҲʮŮ
ɾΪһ翵ԣͶԼŮãҲϵѰҵ⡣
Ϊƽ˼ǣΪֱ֪ϵ̥ҲģǼٵġ
ƽ˵Ȼ֪̥ģҲԹˣֱϵ̥ǸϴԸûֳܷ٣ֻҪ˵ĸģǸġ
ǾúЦĽ
̫̫ѾȥˣЩɣһλλﵽ׶Բԣ
ϣ㲻ҪϹ˵
ûϹ˵ˮϴֱϵ̥ǣϴģ
Ųôأ̥ǵľŮ
̫̫ƽ˵ĺЦˡ
˸侲
Ʈ껭̥ǵǸ첲档
¶С꣬ûеǰϴ̥ǣ
ʲôң
ȻΪδ޵Ĺﵱ˵¶첲ʵڲţϴ
ֱ̥϶ʮˣûϴĺΪ̥ǻȥģֻʳ
üԽ죬㿴ǿ̥ʧӡ
ĸҿʹˮҲôһƭôԭα¶ġ
á̫̫Ŀ⣬˳ıЦˣСһﲻ֪ڸʲôϡŹֵĶӣš
ȥˮ
̫̫Ըñȥġ
Ӧһܿʹһͨˮ
Ľֱ۷Žˮ
̫̫ĿŵĿȥƽ˵Ǽķģϴġ
Ȼˮһյʱ䣬ֱϵǿ̥ǣһ߽Ƕûе
̧ͷһʤߣ㻹ʲô˵ģϵ̥ǿġ
𣿡
ǣ¶С
̥ƭʮ꣬ͨˮôϴ
Щˣѵ֪ôϴֱϵ̥ǣ
ԽԽǿӲѹƣٵľǼٵģԶ治ˣ
΢Цû仰ȥ
˵㣬оƣ
˵ͷȥһˣһ̧һ̳Ӿƹ
˽ƵС
˵꣬ڿ˵̥ģ֪ҲҰֱ۷ھ
ʲôң
Сûƣûֱϵ̥¾ƣɢ
Ľֱ۷֮ʱϵЦݽסˡ
ܣҵ̥ǣҵ̥ôɢˣ
ˮѾ죬ֱ۹һ붼ûУһ֪
ĿڣٵľǼٵģԶ治ˡ仰һ㡣
ŶԶƽһЦܸҲŮ˰ɡ
ҡ
ƽû˱Ľڡ
̫̫˵ĺܣ£Ҳ˵ݲˡ
ǧչǼǧһжعԭλˡ
ֻһҪ꣬㵹˵˵ʲôطŪģ
̫̫һ˫ĿֱĶ꣬Լ֮ϣ̫̫ĵ
׸ôͣ
ôͲܽ͵ͨ
ô̫̫ͣСɨһȦֺǿϷˣһı鶼ôıġݣ￴ϷУѾΪݵλֶεˡ

һѣΡ
ǾĹŮҪ޸ӵˣΪһƷ˵ˣôܱ˱ģ
˼ƽϣ˲
̫̫ĻǴ֪Ĵˡ
ǲ
ԭôʱȥ껹ûнԼˡ
ΪֹеĶ
뵽һ˺٣˵˼ںһģһǸϡ
̫̫ҲԲ˳ԹϿϷ˵Ըȥ
б˵̫ŵҪ˾ǲģ
Ȼ̫̫Ļ
ЩǷ˵ǡ
·ôܻһ׷ΣһĻװ
̫̫ǹˣǹˣ׾ͱȱĸЩ
һţ׾뵽ǱһӸˣ˵ӰֻڸΪ
ò˵̫̫Ĳ²ʮа˾ǶԵģڶҪ֮󣬿Ѿûշ̫̫ü
˻ɢһζϲûĸŮļԵĿ
ˣ֪ˣ
鷳ǣλǸưͣôʣ
̫̫߶˼䣬ĸд֡
عķɿվֱ̫̫۾ð⣬֪ŵ˭
￴ŵ˵ˣվ̫̫װʾ˵һ˲ȫ׹ļƻʧˣûܽɱ

һ۵ӵݸ
ǵ˫ᣬһͷ
̫̫ʾˣȥֽｫ֪д
꼱æ߹ȥ±˿Ķ˳
̫̫ҪɱҲ˴ΪҲģƾʲôҵŮǺĹ˵Ůȴĸ󣡡
鲢ï˳˿еŮ
̫̫ŭɶҵŮģҺʲôϵΪʲôҪ˺ҺĹҺĹƾʲôŮ棿
žᡣ
̫̫˸ͷ
дͼ̫̫ĵȷȷǺĹҲŮֻ׵ǺүǺү
ⷬԽԽС
Լⷬ
׵ôǺү
үԣ֪ж¥ãҲ֪˶ٸҡ
ôүŮ
֮гԹϿϷүͻȻã͵͵Ǳȥ
̫̫дЩνĲᡣ
ʲô֤ݣ
˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷ
дֻһӣѾã¾óүҲϡ
ﻹСĴӻóһȴЩͷӡ
һС˴źıѣɺҪʱûŻӣֻǵǸŮ֮ҲŲһ󵨵뷨
ŮܽƽŮĵλˣŮͳ˺鱦
ĹǺǣ
Ůʲôأ
úĹŮΪūΪ澣ôһ°
ϧʮΣһжҪɢˡ
㲻ã
̫̫Ĭãվֻ˵֡
ȴڣһ㶼ڡ
һĸŮ֮鶼ûеʱ򣬱ɵ
Ĳ
ƺҲЩˡ
ģ۾ﱯʹҧָд¼֣̫̫꣡
һ˲䣬û˿вŵذ׺ݺݵĴԼࡣ
ˡ
һɶее񣬸һܵδ
Ȼ޲ôá
һλΪһе㲻ŮΣ
˰ɡ
̫̫̾˿Ѿûˣû׷ıҪˡ
£˳˺ֱܶ࣬дף̫̫ͽ˺үԺӡ
ϣ̫̫ס֣ûˡĸ˭ˣûб۸
ĸұZˡ
̫̫뵽ZһĶʱģ㲻ϲ˰ɣ
ģôϲ
̫ĵЦˣͺãǧס͹ĳлԼ򲻿ɺͱйϸ𡣡
üͷ뵽ͺܷ꣬ĸܽԼ𣿡
 32 

һ, ϴ, ֻŴ, ͷϻָСӡ
û취ҪϢ
һ̫̫Ժߣһ߻ĸĴ𰸡
ͶƽĻԼ游Ϲµģô׽Լ
ԾϺүϹ, ҵеǵ꣬ɲλū澱ɹ
ο¶ӡ󲻺ãԼĿԺܸˡ
̫̫ţڣҪԼ̫̫ͬ⡣
ž˴һ߹Ĺǡ
үŮǡ
ԭүֻλŮڼзֱģյǶ˸Ǻ档
ԶԶĹ˵, ꣬Ҫסһ𣿡
ǡ
, ̫̫˽͵Ժӣ˿˳, һӸ
ȻȲƷԺɵױȺŵǴСǿˣûаԥŰס˽ȥ
ĵĶ˵Ͼү˵ĳ, үȥ˺ԺһλȻ˺ö
̲סһЦô˵䵽ˣ
Ⱥﻹء
Ҳý, ֻϧûĸˡ
˵ˡ˶ûˡٺΣǼǰߡ˼ҵ£͡
£ʲôϵ
ǰߣһãһߡ
ͣ½ŲĹ񣬡λ㡣
ãҺǰȥˣǵﲻȥǼˡ
˱ȽϻãҲ̫̫࣬һģһĺŮðƻǲһ
˵ɫһһ
ƴİסûԼЦ
˵ܹˣһֵꡣ
úܰɡ
˵ʵڵģҪʵʵĵѾ߻òЩڲһˡ
ŮȲϵû׳ϵŮλү߳Ĺܸɫ͹ˡ
һ꣬񱻿ò˼һͷĪҪҵЦˣĸƽҴׯϴ˻ҿûˡ
ߣҪ˵ȫǸװԼǴҹĶŮ˺ģ֪Լȴ˵ô࣬ҿǿġһߡںɡ
ĽӼҲһЩΪү˳ܣֱ꣬ӿˡ
ȥı飬֪жôʹܣڵ϶ͽһҪץסκεһᷭ
ĽĪҪˡ
ʲôӱôСҸ˵۸Ҳ˵ֶ
Ľ̫ˡ
ˣһͬȥ̫̫Ժӣƺһ仰Ҷ˵ӡ
Ժӣ˽ȥ̫̫˹֮⣬жƽˡ
ƽ˿꣬ص˹ҿŮ
û̫̫꣬ĺֹס죡
Ҫ굱Ůһﳭ𾭣ϹͷûˣԶﳭ
ҪΪźϺү뿪޴ĸ˾Ӧ
̫̫֮Цˡ
š
ĹȥＵˣСĸûֻ֮ϲãϲˡ
˵Ƕĸͷ⣬ĸô᲻ϲǣ
̫̫Ĺﶼţһ£Ѿͷǲǿˣ
ǰԷֻ֪Ĺӣ˾ˡ͵ſƿء
ȵ˵ûǴ㻹ûǰɣ
ˣ֮ͼˣÿɼǵøױ
͵Ҳˣվʮˡ
뵽䣬Ȼĸ㲻ۼҵĹ
ͻȻᵽ쬵̧Ƥһܿ˻ȥ
̫̫ͷȻۼҵĹؼҵѪûвϵĵ
ǡ֣ǲǿԽǵ˳һˣȻĽ㲻ҪҲе壬ǵԱӦý
̫̫û룬˵ȷʵӦð˳ˡҲãż
ʲôöϷžͶˡ
̫̫ˣתת۾飬ĸȻҲˣǺ͹лԼ˾Ͳ˰ɡ
Ǹ˵һʱ̫̫֮ž
ĸ˵ʲô𣿡
ǲǲޣ
̫̫һͿĿĵͷ
̫̫ε̾游͡
̫̫û˵أӾţ̫̫Ҫ¡
˵
˽ͷ̫̫ˡ
˭
Ͷƽף໥֮֡
ǹˡ
롣
̫̫˵ס֣˺£
¡
ΪʲôҪ£ֲѺͿѺͿZҲǲµġ
ϱӼˣһλĸˣֻΪ̫֮࣬Ƕ˼ǳˣĿۣй֮ʵʵ̫̫ߡ
˼֮΢΢˵̫̫һģһһΪǱ˵Ϸԣһˡ
̫̫˵ĴŮǺҳ񡣡
̫̫ʱʱĿޣЩҫɫѣ̫̫һұ뿪ڣò˵Ҽҿ¶͹Ļ£˰ɡ
ʲô
̫̫Ķסû˾ȻԼ
ԹһԵǸ˻ˡ
£̫̫̫̫ӦԼˡ
֪˲²ȴòӲͷƤ˵̫̫ǳظ¶㡣¹ϵ¶Ϊ¶ﲻòΪ¶ǡ
ԭ¶ǽͯŮԵҵŮͻȻ任ˡ˵۽¶һ˿˿Ŀ𣬡治Ʋҵ¹ǵūģҶȢڸ
˵˼Ľ䲻ڸλá
û̫̫죬ץסȵ֣˵һиӣǿȢ
΢΢ۣЩˣǶƽĵŮô޸ӣ
ȻӦ޸ǸˣZҲӡһ
ZܿԼ͹Щӿر
Ϊ֪˽Щȫˣ
ٿ̫̫ŵŮȻˣԹҲ¶ɫأҲͬԼ
֪̫̫ͬԼ͹ͬʱʧˡ
ҪߣϷˣղͬ⣬ҹջţΣܻͬġ
ĸ£ֻҪҲɿڣûиҽԼ
̫̫
һ㶼޸¡
ץסֱ̫̫ĸʵҲ޸£Ǹ˲á
̫̫һץ֣޸˭Z
û
ѿڶޣҪ޸Z
̫̫ľZܼޡֻӣ㲻䡣ѺͿǲദˣҪǺϱһԿ
ε졣
̫̫뷨ⱲӶüˡ
Ѿ̫̫߳ӣ䲻
ˣַķ黹Zȥǰɡ
ĸȥҵ𣿡
ƽһճԾٵϰߣڼд
ƽߵʱ򣬶ƽû
ڶƽ߿ƽд֣ƽдꡰᵱһɽС֮֡
дá
ƽ˰֣㶮ʲô
ҵȻˬͦ㣬پôҲһλһĳԾϯ٣ķ֮д֡
٣ʵ˺γ֪ƽֻǴٵĽȥԾƣúүҪְ˵һ仰˸ˡ
һֱ⣬öƽԺĺܶ¶ģƺ˺ûаֹϵ
ϲ֣Ұɡ

ãƽ֣Ů㡣
ڶƽѧϰһ죬֪ƽжţǹĿˡ
°ڴǰ㲻׶ƽΪʲô
ղ飬ЩŪס
һֻС֣ץӸһ
ͻȻӴɽһֽ
ֻм򵥵һ仰ҽǰȢɺã


 33 

һ仰, ů̵ġ
ҲZܲܿ, ZҪһĻ, ޸¿ƽʿͼ޸һλӣ浱Ȼͬ
ֻZܿ
Ȼ֪ZĲܶ࣬ܿнʿĻͲðΣȥξ, һΪµ۵ĸ򹦷
һʱ䣬Z
˻ڲڣҪҹӻš
ŴӺһ
˲ãɽһֻӡ
Ҳˣǰȥ
ʣùһֽմī֭ëϻһ, 뵽ҪЩʲôҪ, ʦƽ
дֽ֮ԴСͲ, ŷ˸ӡ
·ķɵZǰZ˼⣬Ȼɻĸӣóֽһ۹, ּ˵ģ˵Ҳ
ѵдģ
ȻûжٷǣȴҲ, ݣZЦЦ
οƾʮġ
Ǵϻ֮ˣһǰ֪˿⣬ٿ˷Ļ᣿
ʦƽ𣿡
Z˳ָӣ˵ƽʱŻ磬ΪʦǲˡҡԾ
Ϊ˱ģΪܾͱ취ݶƽΪʦ
뵽ӽԺκνھܼϳɵZëͷһ˯ˡ
һŸȦԸ˱ðʦֱ֮ƽȥ
ʱĶƽͷֻڴĵһ¿֬ȥ̫̫밲
һ̫̫Ժӣ
£˭̫̫ԺޣҲ³̫̫
Ҳ֪ʲô£ץһλСѾʡ
ء
ͷ۵ͷû¶̫̫ʲô
̫̫ԺСѾٶȻش˵Ҫ޸ҵһλֶӡ
ף
ôͶˣ
Ϊסء
˵λֶӲλɣҪλĻȤˡ
ҽȥ
ȻһȥͿ̫̫ǰޣһβӣô޶
ϣãȾҰɣҼ޸λֶӡ
һ¶һȻ˵ӡ
˼ҵλֶӺܶ˶˵ʮ꣬ԼĸŮ˸ϲ
ϱû̧ѺͿʱǺλĻ顣
ֻλͲǴ˵еĲûû֮ǰұλӶ鲻һ£λӾͿ˵̽Ծţͱ˻ˡ
˵ļ޸ˣҲǲˡ
ùء
ãҾܼ޸ϱĸ֡
֤ԼԲֻ
겻ţʹ࣬Ϊı
̫̫֮ߡ
̫̫ոĹӣûĹӣúܡ
ллĸ
Źӣ˵ˡ
˻˻ûôѿ֮󣬲תͷĶ̫̫˵ҳ˺˵궩֮⣬ٵļױ
ױ֣Ҳ֧䣬̫̫ͦټױ
̫̫Ϊһֱܹƽᵽױ䲻һ䣬ôż
Ǹֶӣϱϲء
ɲżأ
ʵҵļҲҪֶӵ岻ôҲֲꡣ
п⻰ϱһģһֻǱˣꡣ
ϱӵûôżֻȶ˶ѡ
̫̫ͷ
˵ĵеǾͰոŮ˵ĹɡɣĴһĶҵ㿴Ű졣
ǡ
˼ıóѵЦЦ
˹ȥ
˻̫̫˿Ͳͬⲻͬ⡣

Ȼ˵Ļ·ץһһٵĺ˳㲻ܽҼ޸ֶӡлԼ
ʲôԼ죡
꣬ҪΪͻȻðŮҲںүܣүѾûķˡ
Ų죬̫̫˵̫̫ҲǺԺ͹лԼĻҡҪ޸ֶӵӦ
ŹӵͻȻеһڹӿɤ۶ᣬĸ˺һıŽӸȥ
۽ǵ飬ָԼ꣬ո˵ʲô
깣Ų˵Ҫ޸¹ӵӦҶ㡣Ӧøֶӳϲˡ
˵֮ĺܣѾ뵽Ļ֮϶ȥĴʡ
û뵽ȻЦ˵һá
˵ʲô
Լ˻þ
̫̫ĪҪ˵
˱Ļˡ
΢Ц˵ðֻҲ̼޸ӵֶӣֻȺ飬ȵʮ֮ܺס
ܴӦ
Ȣ˸ϲģȢڻȥ
ϹˡҲüޣҲüޣ
İ嶨˴Ųߵ뿪ˡ
ûϷˣϷ˸ǣĸȥˡ
ף̫̫Ծ۾ĸ׹ϵˣ
ҲǲǱˣܽгˣҲҪ֡
ְ
̫̫˾ԶĻ䵱Уܴ̫̫õڸʱϢϧֻ̫̫Ǹп㸸ԸĻҪѧ־ܵС
֪Լ׵ֺÿ̫̫Ļ˵Ҳ̫ˣȻֲ̫̫˵󻰵ˡ
Լλ׵˽ʵ̫ˣһӣҲ˿˽λס
Ÿӵ飬׵Ժǰ档
Ժǰ˱ӡ
ӣأ
ӼϲعˣȥȰȰǹӰɡӹүΪͽ˵үͳ𡣡
ˣ
ȹӣС߽Ժӡ
ȻһԺӾͿZڶƽӵǰ
ZѾЩ԰׵¶Цݡ
ZЦݲΡ
뵽ZҪͶ̥ΪŮˣԻ񡣡
ϧһλʵˡ
Zһ򿪷ţ߽ӡ
ˡ
һ类˲ҪͽĶƽŮϻһ͵Ц
дΣ
һֻ֣Ǳյĸ˼īδɣոдꡣ
ܸˣͽܸˣ
Ů³룬ƽЩȥߣСӻͽ
ͷŵĿδʵ۵ĸ󳼣˻ͽģ׵⻰˵Ŀǰ
ߵԣʼĥīգգ۾˵ʲô˲ʺϵͽܣģ
Լ׶ӣƽһɸֵӣⱲǲˣǸСǸµģ˵ҵĶŮһҡ
˵˵ţƽɻĿ⣬סˡ
ڨڨĵͷ
ʵʵڵڵ
ǣλոһСŮʱԸѧ˸ʮʮ
ˣ˲ˡ֡
Ŷ
һָƽ֮˵λѾ˺ܾˣĺܳģɡ
ƽ֣ĵ˵ͷϲ
ĲشŮֻǾúÿҪǸƿŮͰȥˣĶֵõ˵бĿ𣿡
⵹ûˡ
ƽָļȱ㣬ȻúÿҲǲԡү̹ѧʣ㲻
˵žЦˣȻƺΪ˱Լͽ˵ֻΪ˵ÿͽܡ
ǡΪŮ
Ϊûƽ춼ֵˡ
ͽܣ֪ء
ƽСˣȥλ˳ҲүӽһͬڿΡ
ƽͻȻٹɢô˿̵Ķƽһһ
Ĺȥ׷ʲô
²벻
ֻǿZʦọ̈̄бǿѧϰĴ硣
糤øһЩ̬㲻ǡ
ֻǺҴҴһкЦݣߵZǰ
ʦ֣Ժָ̡


 34 

Ժָ̡
ЦӯӯZǰ, ZոҪرЦ, ƽ΢΢ƫͷһ, վ͵뿪ɡ
ǡ
ϾŮZʦZҲʱؼ档
Zʱ, Zһ񣬷ɿ뿪ˡ
Z̾һÿѾպ̫ˡ
ȿȡ
ƽбһZZҪͣŮϣСҪΪŮ㣬Ů㵱ͽ, Ů
ZȻЦû뵽үỤ̡
ߣ
Ů, ôܲţ
Zʵ֪үΪڲϣ
ðҪǶƽѹ, Ҳڳôࡣ
ƽZʵ첱Ӵ֣һ
ZֻΪ˸ƽѡ
ңҪǶƽȢλ֮ÿ춼Ϳ, Ͳᱻ
ƽҲûãȻйҶԲ, ֻҪҪģһᾡ
ZֹȻܺãû飬ƽҲԲZ
˵£Ҫ³
ᵽ³ԣZɫش𣺡ǡ³
ƽۺӣ̾һҪó汾ˡ
˵꣬ƽվһԵľͷ˵Ĵӽ˹ҲָȫҪһοϸš
Z涫ƽʼѧϰȥ˶̫̫ѧܼңһζûȥء

ȥʱ򣬶ˡ
˱м
Ȣϱ׼ӡ
ҴȢޣ
˺һӲ̫̫غԭǴȢް
ֻԼˣȻѴĻ¸ˡ
ϸĿ˱ִȢ޾ȻѾһǧӣһǧӹ֮ͨһӳԺȲˡ
ѫ˼ҼȢȻǮ
ɵӣֻǴǮúܣǮŸӲءҸǼϸµ˱úÿ
˲˽㽫лĶ
ϾǺĹǲǱūģҪ˶ᣬһ˳ȥɾ̫ˡ
˱ոտһҳ˵žͱƿˡ
϶ҵģô͸ļױ
̧ͷ֪˿϶Ƕƽˡ
òվһ
겻ɢ
ֹһ䣬ȻЦӭӶƽˣɩôˣ
ƽ˵û߿ֱˣ϶ҵģҲʲô취ļױӱӣ
ɩ޸ﶨģȥᣬôӣ
Ҳܣܣôܴôӳޣżô
ƽ˵˵ţ㿴һܵǰץסļ򣬡㣡λãӦ㽫ļױ
ǣƾʲôҵĶ
Σ
ͱˣ˵˲ǺүŮҴСԾ˿ͷĸϸױѾǸ⿪ˣˣ𣿡
ž
һƴϣı˫ۣݺݵҧס´´ʹϰ˰֮ۻһ֪ĸطһЩ
˼æסָƽˣɩŮôô
ΪŮҲܴ
ƽ˿ΪԼˣθҵģҵģȻҪһЩ
ݺݵҧ˴һ˿˿Ѫζ̲סˣˣ
ΪҵĸףҲŻһֱ㡣̲סˣӦĸСôˣ
ˣ
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λӹ
ָŶƽˣ˴̫̫ķá
ҿ˭ң
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ŭĵŶƽˣҶţʵʵĻȥˣǺˣͷҲһλϷ˶ţ
㻹Ҷ죿
Ҷ죬㲻ĸĸСãȴ͵͵˳İͻȥôԸ⣿
¶һȮذɡĸ֪ˡʱһӶûа취Сˡ
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ƽ˱֮سһ
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ԼΪУͦۡ
ѹɩֻһʱ塣
ӡһʱ壬ʮꡣ
Ļ˵·˱ӣǼ˰ɣлѧһЩ
ʵҲü˼ҵĹҲͲſʼѧܼҡ
ȻֻǶԶЦһ£ץʱ俪ʼ˱ȻѾӦZҪZһ𣬾ͱÿZ
ZѺͿӣѺͿZ̫Ǯƣ취Լļױúõѧܼңսӹӣ뵽Ǯķӡ
˴һʱ෢͵۾ıſڵѾ߽˳ȥһɫŵߵߣˡ
̧ۣͷʲôˣ
̫̫ԺҪ˵Ů
һ۶ˣҲڿȻѾ֪˺̫̫ԺֵϢ
Űο㲻Ҫ¡
Цӣ˵ͷݶ硣ȥҲȥ𣿡
ܲȥ
˸һЦֵô̫̫˹Ƕȥ
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лӡ
ͶһСȥ̫̫ԺӣԺѾ
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Ͷæһ˽ȥ
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ͼ˹̫̫ǰ滨һʹޣ̫̫ʮ꣬ҵͷ⣬ױѵŮ𣿡
̫̫ͷ۵Ŷͷ״æ̫̫̫̫࣬ſ˵ҵŮʲô
ģںҲûйϵҪŮҵô죿úүô죿
ƽʱؿ˵˵ȻǶӵŮȻͲꡣֲһŮ
ƽĻĸǹɺһĺͻȻʧˡ
׹ذĸоҲͦġ
̫̫˰֣øͷϴϱүĻͬ⡣
ƽ˻ǼԼ뷨ҵŮүϾͲϡү˵һһλŮһ𡣡
Ҫ굱ŮҾ㡣
ƽѵӲ
ƽ˶ԶƽûôվԶƽңҰϺүźˣôң
Ƕƽںôڵԭ򣬺˸Ͳź˵ϱ
ƽǲôˣⱲӱ;ĶҲ£Ҳɾ㱻Ҹ鱡ΣΪŮʲôó
ӡ
ƽĴô٣ȻôãѵѪԭ
ƽøһ̬ĲʲôʱûŮôˣ
ŮǷĹģô
ΡάסͻһЩҺһһô꣬ǵ뷨һ𣿡
ƽ˱ӵĿŶƽŮ϶ˡ
ȻޣǾͺ룡
ƽҲ϶ˣöƽꡣ
ۿ˳̫̫ܵžžž˺üµ档
ˣʲôӣ
ָ̫̫Ŷƽһûоˣſޱտں룬Ƕƽޡ˼𣿡
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̫̫۲Ĳһ֮Ѿˣƽ˾ҲԲˡ
ͷҪһʱֱڿ˵öƽ굱Ů£ƽҲϷˡ
̫̫¸ˣöƽȥׯϣƽܸò˰ɡ
ô룬һ̫̫ͬԺĶҲôġ
˭û뵽ƽ˻ǲϷ
ҿһ꣬ǱһЩױ
˵ţֿ޿ǲ֪ȥױЩľͷˣ̧ȥòһ¾͵ɢܣŮһЩ
üͷȥׯҲˡȥׯ֮ǰܸܲЩױˣ
ƽ˷Էθ˵ЩȥΧ۹⡣
֪Щ۹Ϊʲô
ȫ˶ףΪʲôƽ˻ôãʮ꣬ǱˣΪһԼûѪԵϵŮֵز
֪
رĻΪŮẦŮãδøá⡣
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˼ҵĺѲĸΪծģͽӽֻһЩˡ
ڶƽ˵ױʱ˵Ƥ
ڶƽ˵̫̫꣬Ŀɨˡ
һί˵ʵѾͷ˵̫ˣܱľľֻЩˣĲϱѾͷö
̫̫һˣ̱졣
̫̫ҲûӦƽ˵̫̫УѾõ̫಻Ķһ˺ϱôţ泩ࡣ
״˵ĸҼǵļױ滹һЩõľģЩ򴲺͹ӰɡҲòϡ
ʵãЩġ
ŶԼóȥ꣬չһĴ󷽣⻹ǴѧģóĲǽ軨׷𣬵õ
Щļױﵱ궼ûø㣬˾Ͷġ
̫̫ͬ⡣
ҲæȰ˵ĸ˵ĶԣЩǺľϡ
ĸӣҼ˻úܣȥҲüһ֮ھҪˡҼ޹ȥ֮ͿعѣҲǿĺܣɡ
źۼڶƽ˸ӡ
ġŮ޸۵Ĳˡ
ƽĿѣȻǱĲᡣ
һÿλãĸ̫̫Ŷͷ
ĸһ¶
ʲô£
̫̫ú
˰Ħգһ˻ǱȲˡ
ͺãᡱĿһ۶ƽˣ̫̫˵ĸ˵ɵһƬȭȭŮ֮ģҿȫȥׯˣ˰ɡҶ԰λóꡣר־ĸﵱŮ
ں˵˵
ƽҲȰ˵ô˵ɵҾԲͬ굱Ů
̫̫ĿһԼĴӡ
ȻվָãȻ޴룬֪ΪʲôĶƽˣŭ㿴Т˳ŮƵʲôزˣȻҪԼλøóøǸĸα
أԼŮŲʣһһūŮϣΪײţҲ뿴㡣ʰʰȥׯϰɡ
̫̫תһȥϢ
ƽһ仰ûü˵ľ̫̫ıӰ
תۼ䣬ƽ뵽һɱһ㶢񷢿ĸʨƵŭ𣬡㣡㣡
ƽסץסƽ˵֣˫Ŀɵͭ壬ҪʲôɱŮ
ǣǣǰ
һ˵ǣƽ˾ᣬծĹҪɷǣҾͻˡ
ƽʵȥƽ˵Ļæ֣ѷ˴ߡ˳򡣡
һľ˵²ǵʲô
˺˶һۣû˵ķݶ֮Ҵ뿪
ɢˣ뿪
ƽס
ͣ½Ųɻͷ
ƽס֮һֱȴ˵
εЦһ£ôˣ
û¡ƽ˰֣㣬ҽտУZһнʿѡ
𣿡
Ƕ˼ɻ󣬼ȻZѧʶѾﵽԿнʿĵزΪʲôϱӵûвμӿƾأοȥ־һĵط

ƽֿ˿ڣƺЩɬ
ֵüͷ˵ʲô
ǿZZһƽƣλºõö࣬뵽µĻԼƽüë޲þһ
ȿȣûʲô㲻ҪϣһҸúÿ
ԭ¡ûҴ򣬻һλ˵Сǣһ׼Һá
ϡƽ˶
Ѿ쵽ݵĵزˣ˭ԭ˭أ
ƽЦˣҪһͷȴסˣ֮Ϊź
ҪǸͯһˡ
Ůʮ˲һʧܡ
ƽʧһ󣬺ָܿȥһӲѧЩ֪֮ˡ
Ŷ˵ˡ
ĿͶƽ뿪һģȥ
ĵͷһ˶ƽĺſڡ
ƽϴһɫĳͷֻһûһµľ
ҲֻǷǳƽĿһ
Զƽ˸ӣ
ˡȻλǵĶƽˡ
۾¶ǵУ˵ôǣѵˣǳȢ޵ӣΪֵĸôܲϯ
ƽʧȥ۾ͻȻ
ǰĶӹҪףô¸ˣ
漴ĶΪʲôҪϢ
ǵԽԽΧųСѵҲվ벻𣿾벻ĸȥ𣿡
յƽߣŶƽ˵Ķ˵ֻ˵ʵׯϺúõĻŰˡǧˣʡĹĻ񶼲μӲˡ
㣡
Ӷƽ˻ĸףˡŮǹģĸׯϻȥǸ
Զƽҡҡ֡
ƽһתҲȥᷳ
޹գգۣʵʵվߵĴģΪĹϵﱻĸ͵ׯˣ˵ӦӦȥ
ĺ⣬ƽ˵Ӧðıޡ
˵ĲŲף޵ӦʲôһûأҸӦȥˡ
סӺԺȥǲԶڼõСԺӡ
ȥӼ֮ҵꡣ
㣬ˡ
ĿĴϵµٿ
ǺƯķ٣ʺַǳķٻˮͷͣſͷϸҲûͷ͵ĲЩҡ
ϴĵǻãֻһСڣȹڸǲסЬ
˿ԼȹӣĽ̾һ
żĹֳˣǿŰѿ
ĿͷһϴӱĻҪã˺þãűһ仰ʲô
㰡
ķһȦô
˶ϰڷŵĲߣûôãӶ㻹ͦõġ
ΪӻŰأû뵽ӸͰ굱˸ֻҪ޳ȥ´󼪡
Ĵ˻ֻһλ
㵽ʲôģֻΪҫ
Ǻ޲˺ϵȹ
ѽû˵𣿡ȣŵɴ۾һһٷǳ˵ƽ˱͵ׯˡ
ʲôô͵ׯˣ
궼ҪըˣΨһ˾ǶƽˣƽôôҪĹͷ͵ׯˣ
׷ʲôǲ
ҡҡͷɲҵ£ΪҪ㵱ŮҪ˵йϵҲǵĻ
꽩Ӳĺˣײϣܰ
ԽʧǣԽϲˡɸЩϾҪӵˡ˵ʱһҪױܴƯƯģͺúô硣ķһغ綼ûˡ
졣
ת뿪ķ䣬żһ̣ͻȻͣ£Ǹһ£ȢˣҪӡ˵¹ҲҪμӻءãҿԳûδķϧôõķδ˵λöඡ

̾뿪ķ䣬һĻصԼСԺӡ
صæԸģȥ̵ۡ
˵ţؿڷģæӶס
̵֮ۡһѽԵķȫˡ
Ҳ֪ôˣ˵δˡǾ仰ʱͶĵĲУòײ̵˻ص籲Ժ
һڻ³֮󣬲Ÿо˺ܶࡣ
ص֮ǵһζı˵ͬʱҲĵԼ
ˣߡ
˺һӣûǹɷζ֮Ա߿ʼĥī
ԭҪ췢дZ
д֮ݣȻһӡ
һֽд˼֣ǿǼ֮󣬻ǲ⡣
ˣдˡֲǱ涨ÿZдš
±ʣڴϡ
ĴϣȻܲ
ںÿʡ
ûôĸˮԼһˮ
Ȼߵĸӡ
ҧŴһᣬȥ
д˵ܿС
Ȼ󡭡ûȻˡ
ֽͲ˸ӡ
ۿŸӷߣľĪ
ģ˴ˮ
ϴ˯ˡ
ѺͿZվǰëʣһдˡ
ZߵС̲ס˵ӣҪдȥϢɡ
ZԵĵһӡ
ҲZ뷨˵ôˣعﲻšǸӶҪ˯ˡ
˭֪˵꣬ӡķ˽
ZһӣŵЦݣϵͲ
Ǽ򵥵֮󣬽ֽСķŽһ档
Ȼд֣жҼ⡣
ͷĶˡ
ӣ׼һݽĺ񣬹͸ƽĴӡ
ǡ
ZԸֿ֮ΪдһŤŤȵ֣˸ӣ¿ʼд
ˮһ㣬Zÿհѧϰϵʱ͵͵øӽ׵ӡ
̫̫վһ̫̫ʱʱ⿴Ȣ׵Ķôû                        

 35 

ĸ, ż, ӦϾ͵ˡ
ƽȢ, ôҲССȢ޲һΪסıȽϽȢ׵ĶپһȦߵȻҲˡ
̫̫̫̫, ӵſˡ
̫̫ɳȥ̽С˲ź˻
̫̫˵ݹ
ĸǳȥǰˡ
ԶԶԣ
̫̫˵ĶͿˡ
͹ȥ
Ŀ̫̫뿪ͻȻһ
ģ𣿡
ѾڱˡĩˣĻһ䣬˵׼úүܸˡ
, 뵽Χ˲٣հס
Ŀܸȴұֳ, ͵͵ĵͷ
һ촽, ȴûƴΪʲôЦģպû𣿡
̫̫ǰһ˽˸˻ǶԺ˵, չҪȥׯϡ
֮Ϊ
ᵽˣ̧ͷ, Ķ˵û֣͵͵˺һ档
ף
ͣ½ŲתͷʹĶӣôȥˣ
ҡͷǱߵ˵ȥ֮󣬺˵ķˡ
ƲƲ죬ȻǼŮˣűõô
Ƿ˵Ů
Ƴ˴һۣνԺӷߣߵʱҲˣ˶ʲô㻹𣿱˵¡
ˣ㶢ŵˣôˣ
ĺȻ¶СһĽ˷ܵץ½ǣİɡͶˣѾ͵͵ĵ˺Ժء
ôĶŵȻǹĹ¡ȥ̼꣬Ϊ˸꣬»겻ץסһλᣬԶѲλˡ
Ȼûʧ
šȻȥ˺ԺǾͲʺϻȥˡȥýǴ£Ҳѧѧ
Ժߵ˸ȥֽմµĶ
ȴ֪תһ̣һ˫˵۾Ѿ
ôԺӣôܲԺӣ
͵͵ݺݵ߬סȭͷͿޢָǶġ
뾡취ŸϴһţԺΪ˻ٵôܲף
ǰ׷һĻ
УԲܰװ׵˷һλᡣ
ĵͻȻһɷ뷨
ʹ籲Ժķȥ
ŶæһЩǳȴôҪ飬˽ҲæýŴףת
ոսһ£һλСѾƻŵ˹Ϻһ˿Ѫɫһ˵˳̫̫籲Ժˣ
䣡һԺȻըˡ
֪һ飬һǱ̼ĸ飬ôֵ籲Ժˣ
˼׷ʲôʱ򣬶˷˹üëˣôԺӣ
˵ɫо²á
һߺͶߣһʵӣ׷ʲô£
ո̫û˵Ǹ֪Ļ
ʲôˣ
֮Уǿ˵ɫԲʲôС¡
ǸԸ޸ֶӣҪʧ¹ӣ¹ץסˡ

û뵽ᷢ£¹ӾȻûʲôȻ˾ӣ
˺һ֮Աǣʲô˾ӣǵòȻĹˣ˾ӣͲӦðִıͶ֪ˡ
ʲôıͶ֪ˣ
Ҳû뵽ֵô֪ۺĻҲǻ̼ꡣ
˭ûеH£ֳЩ˰ˡ
ΨһŪֻһ£ΪҪȥҵԺӣ
Ҫˣһţ˵͸ȥ籲Ժ
ɶ񣡡
˵ˣȻݺҵͷϡ
һקλֲ侲ĶӶˣŮҪףҪǻˣŮô죿
ȻҲģû¾ûǲǱˣҵʡ
㣿̾һǳüûн⿪ҲǸңοǺлԼˡ
ԼͷۣӣѾˣһŲҵĶңķҸͲҪԼý
һ̫̫Ӧûɾܾˡ
ͶһͬԺӣڶһλã±үǶȢ׵Ĵ֮Χм䡣
̫̫˰һԺ롣
֣µóһţЩүǶǿǼдšԼ˵ġ
ƨ
ƽһֻʲôˣ´ϵּצдֲŲŮдġ
Цϳһɺֵı飬үҪΪŮͿʼӣ˭֪ŮŸոһ
ȻӲϣдô֣ѾšҪһλոѧдֵ˰ָдøܡ
ûǷţ³Ƿŵּ϶дķǳѿ򲻻Ὣ׵Ǹӡ
Ҳã֪ǸԼû׾߼޻
ĿŬˮ¹ƿ
һ·ΪǱꡣ
вɵø̾ҲǹģҪ췹ȵϵʱ򣬿һˮӣҸСֶܳˡ
ûϣڼΪ˾ӵô£
ĸ
˹ȥӵĿһŵ£ƳƲƲ죬˵Ȼ¹ŲǷ治ҵּдֲͺˣ
ʵڳˣ̫̫Ͷƽ˶µĻ
ΪʵǺѣոѧˣд־Ǹӡ
ҲдԭҲдŵԭ
ǣû뵽дµһֵʱ򣬾;ˡ
֣ȻЩۣȫǸոѧдֵд֡
ƽĹЦ棬ҵŮոѧ˼죬ֽ˺ܶࡣ
Զƽ¶һЦл佱
Ȼһ±Ƶ˵¹ӣҪд𣿡
⡭ܡ
ôܲдģ
ôдôƯ֣
ԣ⽫дӣң
ɸɵЦ¹ӣúöǸľԴдģΪʲôҪҵԺӣɵ𣿡
д籲ԺԼ·Щӵ˶
Ҳ֪ôġ
⡭
תˣŲдģ˭дģ
¹ӣΪӦ˭дģӦһΪʲôҪΪʲôһλдţһҪأúǰ浱ıͳԾƲ𣿡
Ųöƽأ
ˮ뻹ϡ
Ȼ
ƽڵȻ
ǻû˵飬һĶǲ֪Ůˣȴû˻뵽ˡ
һۣɲˣô˵ˣ¹ҲΪ˵Ķԣǲǣ
ʶķа˵
Ŷһ¹ӣ֪ʲôطģ˵ʲôʲô˼ռˣһھͻ˾ӣͺ񡭡
Ȼ뵽һˣƲסЦݣЦ˳ͺZģ˵ǸдˣСֻҪ˶ˣҲû˵ռ˼ҵıˡ
һ𣿡µɫû㿴᲻ܾǧ֮⡣
¹ǸЦԼƷвˣ͹ֱ˳úÿ
ģ˸һѵӣվȥ
ܹ׾ٵĴϴ¸¡
ӵɨһȦ˵үǿ͸¹ƷԣԲòȲZӡ
¹ӣҪǸҴ󷽷ĳԼƷвˣһ߿һۣӡо
о
±ĸִ̼ˡ
˫Ŀ죬Ÿӵ£ҧгݵĶãƷвˣܲαģҪǶƽŵ˭дģ
Ҫǳ
Ȼ֪˭αģƽܸдţ˭ô
ֻһ֤ݶûС
ŵϣ·мǿ˺Ŀӣڣϸ
͵ץӣ㿴Ҹʲô
ûʲôǾú֡
۹ϷŰڵԤ֮һ
ô֣
˿һֱûпڵֿ̫̫˿һֱˣ˵ôúõﱸޣҪ֪ǿҪ׵ˡ
㲻𣿡
Ҳ벻ʲôˣ˵ʱԼš
ȴ֣ðãû뵽㻹뵽ҡ
ô˵¹ֻżȻ
˾֮УʵԼ
Ů˲ô˵̫ˣ
ֻ˳Ļ˵ȥûһжżȻ
Ŷ
˵ͷ·ʲôƵʵϵ·ô£ҿôôң
ʵĶЦ˳
СѾͷСѾ߶Ѷʲô׵Ļûڵһʲô֪ӡ
û뵽ƽ˾ȻСѾͷ
ĻôܰѶƽ˸Ūׯϣֶδھꣿ
ǿϧƽܺùϵĻˡ
ϧ
ǶĸˣԲϲˣڹܼҵ
ԺҪùϵ
ƶ뷨뿴ôشġ
ʳ̫һŮûа취شˡ
ڳ˶ܿóʲôӦò߻𣬾ͿҪԼϻƵˡ
Ҳھᣬ˺ܾãָ¡
ãһֱ˵ǼȻˣǽֻܶԲˡ
Թ޵ĵһ£¹ӡҽձû뵽¹ӡ¹ںԣ˵δޣⱲӶӦŮˣҲӡͶҶֶš
˵˵޸ңȢ㡣
ǼˣĹﾹһһ˵һƵ˴󣬵ڶλֱ
ƾĿ̫̫λֻһλŮӣʲôֿ¹ӣѵ·ϵĿӣԼ˺Ĳɣ
ƿԡ
ѵҪ˵Լ˺ģ
ûа취š
˭һңȻܻԼȥ޻һˣ
ٿĪ磬ŽаٿĪ磬¾ֻһʱ֮˼Ȼñԩ
һ˫˫۾ϡ
µĶͷð亹
ûа취ϰɡ
ƽ˶ΧסˣͰٿĪˣٶ˵һ¶ƽˣһһĭܰˡ
׼˵ǸĶҲ˲öƽ˲Ƿž˭αˣֻ
ϷˣСϷôңҶԸ⡣
ֻһǻԹȫת޵ϡ
꺦
̫̫վˡ
˵أ
ˣҪ
û뵽̫̫ȻԼҪ
±ϿӦܵίࡣ
ĸŮܵίǲࡣɣտ˴ί
ֵķǳ󷽡
̫̫ˡ
ΪƽĹӦһݵĴ
ꡭ˵ʵ̫̫ûԼŮ
Ȼô˵ˣԼ˵ɡ
ʵ˵ôίӦüֹ
ƽ˭Ϊվأ
̫̫ƽͱסģһҸڿϷ˺޲ûˡ
ָֻ֪Լ
ǡ
꿴Ǻ޲ýƤЩ˵Ҫ޸µĻˡ
̫̫ŮŮ
ҧҧûбѡ񣬲޸¿λҪûĹӼﶼҪˣֻƴһ¼޸¡
֪¼ڻû檡ͨ콵Ĺϵã»ǰڣֻҪϻ˼һܰ¸á
һ룬δҲôңмֹϣ
ĵ˵ͷ̫̫˵̫̫Ůֻܼ޸¹ˡ
˵ţ
Եί
¿ʼĥ
֪޵ô
ãõúܣ
ȻԼŶͱˡ
Ҳ̫̫񣬡ϷˣȻСĴ£СԻеֻСʲô£ʼǹĳӣδҪ̳йλˡ
СӺͶƽĵŮŵԣǺүŮܲŵԣСӿԸ𣬵ǲ֮Ȣ
ûа취ֻܸԼȡĻء
ҪǷƽʱ϶ȢŮˣŵǣܹŮҵݸ̧ȥסͲˡ
Ͼڵվ֡
ȻҪ̫̫֮ĬˣûдӦҲûзԡ
һ߿źϷҪţԶϱӶķޣⱲӻΪʲôӡ
ʵΪѹԼϣµͬ飬û뵽뷨ȫһ
ͺ£ȴ취ݺһ
Щʧԭνĺɽ˲ǹƨʲôûҪ
ǺŮʱ˵һӺãΪҪͨǺүĵŮүŮʱ򣬾ͱҡ
ûйϵ
Σڵ»ûȢޣֻҪµӽ֮ǰõµģһڹúãںĵ̶öˡ
ңԭ˼ޣ
ֻܳΪµްˡ
̫̫һ˻ġ
ңһε˻һι˻鲻һһǹһ·˴ƽҪƽϣҪġ
Ȼ̫̫˼֮󣬶˵¹ӣףҲΪҡ˵ҿԴӦϾҵѾͷȷʵŲԡѾͷĻԼ˰ɡ
Լ˵ĹŹ֣һֽ˵ĸоһֲġ
˵ʵ־Ϊ˵ĳ࣬Ƿǳһ̲סҪȥ
ҲΪֳ࣬²ŻΪһŶ˼
ûй͵͵ԺӣԽڻֻõһλںԵĶˡ
ƽ³ٳûдӦ̲ס֣޲һ٣ô㻹űүŮҲԼͱүŮ㲻䣿
ڶƽ˭䲻Ů
¹֡
ϷˣƽһüĳԼ¡ֻ󸮵²üˡ
һ¿Ǵ˶ƽʹҪŮͲᱻ˸ߡ
漱ˡ
ҪжүүţҪȥһ¡
ӵŮ޲޵ĳȥܣӵŮõģӵŮҲףӸŮ׸֮ӵŮòС͡
ߣ
תˡ
ںܵˡ
Ҫؼң

ƽڶүү˫֮£ſڣߵʱһţȻûߵƽ˲١
Ϸ˺˵ǿꡣ
ɺۣȴ¶һźľ⣬ȴϵƽİɡ
ɱᡣ
Լһ裬в裬Լ
˭ҪĲ衣Ķ棬㣬̼ң֪»ڴĻϡ
ǰ
գգۣˡ
ΪʲôҪأҪԼµ˼Ҳᷢ¡ԣҪֻǹԼοҶֶѾºˡ
²豭ˣ뵱Ҫɱҵġ
ûȹ˵λ
ҧҧ
ڵľɱɱǿ̥ǾͲᱻ˷֣ҲὫ¶ͲǸδҲἱһ˻С
ǿЦ
ı飬֪뷨˺ԼֵĿԼඡһûȥǻص籲ԺĻͻߵˣֻ˵ҵá
Ȼ
ͷˡ
á
˫ֽӣ촽ҧͺƤ㲻һֱõġ
һǷ˴Щı˵һ᲻һֱãҲ֪Ҫϲ㣬
ģͿͣ
ú˵Ķ
̫ģҪе鶼дZ
½˻Լ껹ɹĳΪµ
дЩ֮ûһдһҪһλǳϱ
յŵZһ˼
ãһˡ
ӣϽŮǲǻûˣ
ùᵽϽŮӶˣӣϽҵŮúϽһģһŮװ˶Ůˣһ˫ǻŮ˸ȢôͻȻˣ
ZóɵĺӣдŷŽȥ
ĿڵһԵ
죬һ̤붫ƽĴţֻһΣûֺ̧ͷ
ĶǸģôܰˣ
Ҳ֪ôˣһ춼ͷβʹƷвˣ˼ҹ¡
˹£˵ˣͣ˵ء
ԭΪǶƽģǲȥʲô˶û鵽
ƽֻǹˣûֱ¡
ֻõͷ̫̫Լ£˳ѡӣɽš
̫̫ǿƾٿԵӣҼҿ¶һҪ³Ϊ⼸հӻȥͺá
ֻһҶѣжӵǰ;Ҫ
̫̫Ҳ壬˵ĵǲֻ꼶̫Сˡ
̫̫ϾʮҲСˡ˵ҼҶֲޣôСĺô֣
֮⣬ǰӱˡ
̫̫Цû˵Ļ
˼ҶӶ׿ڳˣͱ˵λ۰ӵˡ
ӾͶˡꡣ
͵͵һ
뿪ˡ
ڲٳ䵶ˡ
ߵʱȥɩӻ
˵£˻űĺƽ
á
㡣
ĽĿϵĽӣǸε꿴Ϊͩǳʺδ޵Ůӡ
۸ʱû
̫ˡ
û뵽ɩӾȻô󷽣ôõ͸
¶ǻƽɵӽӲӵĻۡ
㣬ҵȥˡ
ȵȡ
סãϾҪˣǽûûкúõ˵
ûл˵Լû
ҪϣȥҪְ塣
Ҫȥ˶ƽ
ƽ鷿ţץһʱZ֮󿪿οԣεٸᰢķ֮ʣǵϲ˷У취ʱףûʵ۸ˡ
˵ԡ
˼ȥŶˣֻ͵͵ĶԴĵZܲ״Ԫ                        


 36 

СĽĿԼҹһ, һ, ϸ, شүſںԵˣȻүһ˵οԿУӵѧʶ˵áҾүʱĵ̣Ӧóɳࡣ
Ӧܿаɡ
Ǹ, û뵽ƨı¾СһӰѶƽZ佱һ顣

Ҫβ͵ĻԼܶҪ̵ȥˡ
Ȼ˵Zܿ״ԪܾZο϶̽
ΪΣ
Ĳ̫ף˶Ҫ״ԪΪʲôҪõ̽
Ϊοƾٿԣ˭òܹȵZ
ķĵ˵ͷ˵ƾٿˣǰǵүǼ, ҲûһòʤZӡ
Ӷƽ鷿߳Zո̧ͷ, ˵仰п˳ԡ
Լ, вҡ
ϱȥӵ;У̫ᣬԼֽˡ
ⱲӸոջָʱҲֳ嶯
Լûж֡
Ȼ, ôֳܿԵ
ãһֳԵ
Zߵǰһº͵Ӷ, ʦʦ𣿡
ǰӣҪСףܽ
л
֮ؾأһĶûС
ȻZ߹ߵʱZͻȻⱻǱббֻ˵ҿ̽ҾͿһ̽㡣
һۣZԼɻʵ˲ɣ̽̽
ZվֱӣǸʦãΪˡ

Z뿪ıĽ붫ƽ鷿

ˣ
ƽڻ֣Ϊô
ƣֱߵƽĲǱߣڱ˵ˡҲϲ
ƽԴǸΪĲԣϲ
ˣǰ˵ϲμǣΪ˸һ㿴ϲϲ
ϲ
Ѿҵˡ
ĺϲ
ЩμдĶܺãҪȥͺˡ

ϧΪŮӣҪȥɽˮʵڲס
ƽǲѣҪϲͳȥΪ˸˵Ĳá
ҡҡͷΪû䣬˰ɡҵĳþǵĸڸɲܲˡ
Ϊ룬ܲḸš
οãZȢ;Ҳܲá
ܻӰ쵽˵Ů
ò˵ӵˣ뵽Ƕࡣ
ͨСŮõ˸׵ͬ⣬ȥѾ˵Ĳˡ
ܿЩѾܺˡ
ûڶƽƽԽ׵ò
ղˡдˡ

룬鲻дʲô
ƽѾӣ׼һӻص֮ǲǻûкúõھתתߣȥߣҿ˭˵ҵŮһã

û뵽ƽȻҪԴȥϽ֡
ǻ֮ףȻѡ
Ůò׼ʲô
ʲô׼ȥ
ǣƽ
ƽʱʱߵԱߣ˵ȥõط
Ӧһ
Щڴ֪ƽ˵ġõطʲôط
ſڣŻȻԭƽνĺõطǲݶ
ݶȻǸõطǸϢĺõط
ƽż˵⼸վ˵Ķ˵µķ£˲ٵİ汾˵硢áΪ˸ˡ
˵꣬һӶ
΢׵Ȼֺ
ŮöС
СôŶ
ƽһһ࣬Ǹ鲻㣬ǶԴסǶZǸСӡ
նˣZǸСӣԼŮߴһ£ԼŮ㶼û㡣
뵽ZǸ࣬ƽԽİ̾Ůıǲˡ
ZͽܣǿԺúõZZϱá
ңô˵ZҲѵһš
Zʦͽʱ䳤ˣƽ֪ZСμӹĿԶͷ
Ů޸Ҳ㲻
ܱȣЩӵҪõöࡣ
ƽʶԼ˼ƮԶˣɫ˵ݳ궩λãȥ
СֻҪӦƽܿ޳һ
ûĶƽƽдֵʱһ˵ģ
̵Zʱʦ
Լӵʱǽϸ
ľܾ
ҲǸ쵰ķ£ҪңͲˡ
ǣƽɵɵЦˡ
һ˲ݵ¥ϡ
˭֪սľȻµķ£ǾǷһ¡
ǾϽŮˡ
ۣ
һûסȽȥĲˮȫ˳
ƽüĺǲ
ȴҲû˵ʲôԼҲ֣ϽλŮò˵ѿǻһ࣬ȻҲᵽ˶ʮ껹޲ȥ
˭ôλﶩˣ
˵˼˵ĺģ˵ϽŮˣǰշ´ǵ¹ӣ


˵ǶõǶõĶƽˡ
ȻǸСӣСô˵ҲǸſǶڴķ£˶ǽģʱȾٳֱȤ£µͻ˷һߡ
ȢϽŮΪʲôأ
˵ֹ˴ҵ£˵λһ棬ϽŮ¹ôԵģ⻹Ҫ˵һ죬ȥɽԣһλ˵ҶϽŮʺӡ
ֻҪ¹ȢϽŮԺһܺá
ˣôĻ
˵ۺӣװ˵ӣ˵ٺλ˵ܣЩķ˸Ļ˵ǶƽķˣΪһ仰ԼŮ˵ԼŮǸ
Ͼ
˭˵أ
ٺһЦŽµ¡
Ȼ¥ϵĶƽȴôˣϵΪеϰ֪ˡ
ҪǾׯܿ࣬Ͱӻɡ
ƽ͵ҡҡͷ
ԼŮôǸҪǻ϶ԼŮ۸Ĺͷʣ
ء
ƽæӲתƻ⣬游ϽĹϵϽŮʱǿɵȥһݺ񡣡
ǣɵúúõһݺ񡣡
ĺܻɣһλδǲǺǷйء
Zɸ봫飬˵ҪȢһλǳϱ
¾Ȣһλǳϱ
ѵZģ
ô룬ZӦöûôɡ
˦˦ͷֲʵʵ뷨˦˳ȥ
ô˵֪Ȣһλӣͦ˵ġ
ϽŮ᲻ᱻ۸
ЩϽŮ
ƽ⣬΢Ӳ˵ɷġϽŮΪ֮ˣһ£ʮ²⡣
ĵ
£ŶƽڽֹһȦȥ״Ԫ¥һٷ
״Ԫ¥Z
ʦ
Zʵʵվڶƽǰ
ƽɫ䣬ͷŭĿʵô
ʦмλͽμᣬͽܾá
ƽɨһȦ˵ȥ
ZͷԻλ˵ʦòӣлλӺ⡣
ƽһߣһ˳ȥ
ڶƽZĺ档
֮ϢԶ˳һ¿ռ䡣
Z֪
Zͷͽ֪ͽҲͽλĸһҪͽˡ
һֱZǳĶƽԵһ£Zһλĸס
ȻѺͿĶƽZһĸ
ֻε̾һҲס
ZͷֵԼĺǱȵһ
ǼĸΪҪ
Z΢΢һ٣ϱӵ¡
ʦѺͿһλӣ֪
ƽ˦˦ӣô֪ܲѲǸʲôɵĶйأ
Z˵ͷ
ʦ֪ҵĲѧҵĲѧȴܱ¶
˵ţػһZչ¶Լıˡ
ƽ鲻ԣʵôˣôչ¶ѧ
úõģδһƽơ
Z̾һϱӵľбһŭŭ˵ѺͿ濼
濼
ƽȵĽΧûʲôˡ
ô뷨
濼ҪǱץסˣһӾˡ
֪ˣ
ƽĲᣬͽܣΪĳЩ鲻ܲμӿƾҲͰˣͽܣȻҲҪ˺Ĳܲμӿƾ٣
һλͨ˼ҵĸҲᵲԼȥμӿƿʲôԼǿ𣿡
ǰ
Zͷ죬ϱӾΪѺͿݣȴûѺͿĵ
濼»Ǳ˸ˣѺͿĶⱲӶڲμӿƾ١
ΪѺͿĶӣѺͿйϵŪ˸ְλ
òԶ뾩ǣȥ߹ĳһ·
һҪȥ߹أҲԼϵСϱھꡣ
ҲѺͿԸ
Ⱳӣٳ濼¡
ûеõ֮ǰѺͿ
ΪЩˣʺ¶
ԼгͺáƽZǸˣȻѾ֪ѺͿҪʲô˵Ѿ˷Ҫʲôܰæ㾡ܿڡ
ZҡͷСҪæɾͰ׻ˡ
лʦ⣬ͽԼԡ
ƽۺӣҪڵõ֮Լͺˡ
ƽԽZ˸ܺá
ֻǣѺͿšƽҡҡͷòҪš

ͻȻڣôͻȻ̾ˣ
Ϊֻڸ֮̾ʮа˾ţô
Zһۣ֪ƽΪʲôĸп
ƽ֮̾󣬿˵ȥɣúøϰҪ̫ࡣֻҪ㲻濼ѺͿҪľӸˣүƴҲɹ
лʦ
ZĶԶƽһݡ
˵жǼٵģǵƽ뿪֮ZеĸжͶԹ
û˵ϼ仰ͱƽˡ
֮ʮа˾š
ֹһ죬
ĸˮڴڵæ˹ȥôڴڣô죿
û¡
ٴţǼܲסĵ߶ֻù˴
Zӡ
ǡĽַŽˮһܿϣİɡ
һϣĶܿĲɡ
ȥƽϰдֵʱ򣬶ƽֲͣüͣ¡

ëʣëϵī֭£Ⱦոдõ֡
Ϊͣ£
ĲɣдҲá
ëʣˮϴëʡ
ƽҲţǿӣĽžͱζڸˡ
Ҫ˰ɡ

˦˦ʣҵ쵽𣿡
Լ̫ǵˡ⼸ֻZȥԵ£ԼĵǸˡ
ƽˣʮˡ
š
ʮˡ
ܼ꣬Ǽˡ
ûʮ꣬վͱСŶ̧˸
ɷ涨Ůʮ겻ˣÿ꽻˰ӡ
ԣһµͣҶҪˡ
ƽ˵ԭ͹¹лԼǵĻԼûˣ취һʵ˶顣
š
Ȼס
ҲӦZZ
ƽ˵ZʦʱΪʹ㣬ZΣΪҪһ飬ΪZ
̧ͷ۾Ŷƽ֪ƽʣZΡ
Ҿܺá
ƽ
ûסǸСӣԼŮıǸСӸˡ
ȻܿZǿú͵֪ԼŮĸоȫһ
˵ZһλǳദĸסѺͿǸسҲ˵ܴܲӦZ飬ǶĶ飬ѺͿһСʱ򱻵Ѿ±ĳ
˵ͷ˵ЩҶ֪ǣŮѪϵı䲻ˡ
ңңܸı˵뷨˵ѺͿھǵĺܶоλ˼ңǶΪҵĳ𣿡
ֻںûôΰˡ
Ļ֪˶ô˵
ԼʲôӣʲôˣԼ

ƽ˲ըˣŮӦܵ࣬ˣǲˡ
ǵĴӦ㡣
˵ͷ
ƽ˵һЩֵ£ԼŮһЩ˵׼ʮòãһǵ˿ŮĳȲϹڼҲǶһ޶ı
ӹ÷ɿ졣
ӵһĵĹͲˡ
ˣĵĲʲôãԼӽš
ÿͰĵ־Ͷѧܼҡ
תۼ䣬͵һ죬˵ҲɣһպǷŰӡ                        


 37 

, ̫̫ȥء
һ廪, ֮ձⱦ, ƶǮӡ
õ϶ӣӦһ͹ȥ
ЦŽ°ϡ
̫̫ԷԸ, ӡ

ε̾ĸ̫ˣʱ̫ĹذҲԳܡ
ȥɣ̫̫Ҫȼˡ
̫̫Ǳߵ˲ϴߴ, ֻ
ߵ·̲סͣ, ģʳǻûŰ𣿡
, һʱءȥ̫̫Ǳ߳ϯ͵õϢˡ
仰ʱ䷢ı֮⣬ִѾ˵˲ʮ顣
ÿһ˵֮󣬲һӵʱ, Լҹﻹһ顣
Ϊʲôôûģ
ʵǸ㲻ףԼҺү˵ӷǳ, ʲôܷĵģ
ͣ½ŲҲǲֻ֪ܿиʲô
Ҳ֪Zûеõסֻ˵ڶ
õڶԭ򣬾Z˻ʵ۵ƨΪ˲ܵõһ
ȥʵǰԴ𣬲֪ʵ۵ǸۣǸ̽
ֲǿϣͱˡҪӦõء
ŶûϢ䲻Щ̫ӦôҪģ
ͷѵˣ¹ڻеõһ
ʱûͬʿܿнʿֻʮˣȻԻҪˢһˣܲͨԻһء
Ҳǡ
͵ЦҪ˵¹ЩF֮оõˣɻǱȲZ
ֻZĵЦ
ˡͻȻͷôͻȻꣿ
ջˡū澿ӻءڹò
ĵĿɫûвˣŴ󵨼˵˵¹ӣΪʲôڹһܻͦã
Ǻǡ
һûסЦ˳
Ҳ룬¹ӵӡ
˵ҲǹģֻܰδѾǺõˡ
ˣҪ˼¡Ժɲ׼ˡ
Ӧ£ȴţԺһҪ߹Щ£ܿġ
Ƶĵ̫̫Ժӡ
˵Ƕƽ׼ģɾٰĵطȴ̫̫Ժӣ̫̫Ǹ档
Ҳһλŵ̫̫Ժӵˡ
̫̫ܸˡ
λ
˵ĸôλԱžͺˡ
˺ˬЦͱˣǣǶ͡
ǰ
ҲŸ͡
ֻЩʻ֮УͻȻһȺߣô֪ĻΪء
ˢˢˢ
˲ɵ˵Ǹϡ
һЦˡ
̫̫ߣЦⲻڹﵱˣܵǶƽˣ
ߡҵӵȻ
ڿɲá
µ
»ϲ
⻹Ҫлδĵĸ
Ҳ֪ôģȻҪҵǸŮȢţϢ֮ڼһ졣
ƾûпã϶Ҳйϵ
˵ϾҪŰˣҼү϶
üô˵ô˵ɡ
ĸҵأ
磬׵ôû
̫̫ҡͷԴ˸ͽ֮󣬾Ͱͽܵ׶ˣⲻȥ𣿵ȷŰ֮󣬾ͻ㡣ģô᲻
ŵķˡ
ԭ
ȻһZȥZ׿ʲôˡ
Ȼһʲô֪ͻȻ˵ƽͽˣʲôʱ£
һۣҵʲôʱͽйϵ𣿡
˵ûб̧ʱ򣬾ѾͽˣԼֱ֪
ƽյ˭
Ĵ󷢣꣬Z

סСȵ
ôZӣ
ĻZ棿
ǹŮһõZӣȻõ
̫ƽˣ
ЦиԾأҪ޸Z˵
Ƴһ̫̫꣬һСơ
ĸףꡢࡣ
̫̫Ц§סĸαĽţСѾͷԼôףˣ
Ϊϲĸ
ˡ
ڻ꼵ʵ˺һӡ
ڱ˵û뵽ZӾ˶ƽΪʦ֪ԵΣ
϶Ҳ
εһϡ
Ŀڵʲôɼܱ¹Ҫá
Ҽүܿһ׵ġZһλӣôܺҼҹӱȣ
ӣΣյۣ˵꣬ӾһȲϵ𣿺οʲôݣҶƽŮȲĺҲŮʲôʸƲӣ
һαʹҧһ
̫̫ۿ˴̣ʤ֮˵ǿͣ˵ĲԣҲӦһЩҪ̫ˡ
ǣĸ
ǿ˰
һڲˣŵʱŸŵǴĺ˰Щ᲻۸ˡ

ˣԺֻҪ겻ϸײͲԸˡ
ƫƫϲײ
üЦվӭ˵Ŀ⣬ĸŮϲˣҼүˣһ
Ŷ
˵ͷһ
ԭŸոշŰ񰡡
ŰǴӺǰZҪƻҪһʱ䡣
н
ڣֿ˵֪λµZܿʲôΣ
϶ºþˡ
˵ţͬĿһꡣ
˵ã㲻ҪѼӲˡZ棬ɴСطҲ棬СطʲôõĽZʶ֣Ϲˡ
㶫ƽѧʶˣҲڶ̶̵ļʱһ˸״Ԫ
һǷԺʱͻȻǰһ

Zˡ
ƽ˵һոտZΣͺ޲ñɻ
ŶƽZʲô
̽˵·ǳϲZƪ£ԭյZ״ԪǿZģ֮󣬱µĳ̽
Ȼ
;Zĳ϶ò״Ԫ
̽ʺġ
á
ǰá
ƽҲ̾
Ҫ˵εľˣֻһ͸˳ոջڱZ˭֪ZһӾ̽
ߣZ̽ΣûҪĹ
걾Լ죬û뵽Ȼ˵˳
ӣ̫̫ƽˣ
̫̫ŭ꣬ǹдȡ
ҲûҪûס
챻˹⣬ո˵꣬С˾˽үүۼˣ

 38 

ף
΢΢һ¡
˭ʱף
ҡ۾һ, ɫ, 쵽ô, µ
껹˵Щ̼
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˵ϣǼǱ˹ˡʲô¶˵ķ, Ҫ˵˵ʲôõ£˸ˣ
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Ҳ֪ԼյΪʲôôð
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Ǳǵ˼ҿ𡣾ǶƽĵŮΣһСұüˡû㶼ûл𣿡
һ׾, ΢𣬲˺
ЩĵĻ, ʮͬ
ϱ;
Ҹҡ
ΪĵλΣû˵̨, Զƽ˲˶һ
һΣҵ̨̫̫С, ûôҪˣɵǵ߰ū澵, Ҵôῴ
Щ£ڵȫκ˺
ֻ۰̫̫ĹǺ
ĸⲻȢ𣿡
Լգȷûȵ֮ͨ˵
ƽ˰֣ȱ˵ҵΪʡ
Сʵ˭ף
¿̽
ƽȻĵͷ
֣˭ʱףԭZǸСӡ
ƽתͷı顣
¿֮̽󣬾ƾˣԼͷЩΡ
ԭձͨ죬ԼȻǿװ򶨡
ƽ̫ԶɫǾ̫̫ˡ
ԼŮ͸ˡ
̫̫ԺڣӦZκνӴ
ʼʱZŮֵô񣬾ΪZûкøУˣZòôŮӲԣ
ŮҲͨŮ˰
Zʵǡ
УҲͬ⡣
̫̫ʮһϵĺΣѣи˳
ҵıԲܼ޸Z
̫̫ϲ̫õˣZֳࡣ
̫̫һμZʱѾоˡ
ҲõZף̫̫϶᲻Ը⣬û뵽̫̫ķӦô
ƽߵ̫̫ߣ˵ҿZǺͦõġ
𿪣
̫̫վͽܣ˵𣿡
ZŶ󣬾Ϳ̽Ժ˺ͨѺͿӣǳ͢٣ܱȿϽʿڼп汲ЩܼӶðɡ
ҿǱȲЩܼӶ
̫̫ǲ֪нʿˣҪЩܼӶá
ֻҪá
̫̫ͷZǸ࣬öپǹŮΪ֮ԡ˭ֻܱ֤һŮˣ
̫̫һﾪˡ
ȵĵɴ˫ۣſôҲϲϡ
ƽǾ°ͣòײſ˵ո˵ʲôֻһˣ
ô̫̫бŶƽ˵úд𣿡
ǡƽЩӲĶ̫̫˵Թ檡
ǹƨ̫̫˵˴ֻĳʵˣһλʵһλӣĶ檡
ޣ
ҵǰʮܵĿ๻ˣܸʱҪѡһźõ¡
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ףԭ̫̫ZĳZĳࡣ
ƽͷΪѵ˵֮мûңҪ̫Щ
ߣһ㶼ߡ
ֱ̫̫ͦ˼ֻҪǰģⱲֻһˣƶֻҪܿУҾ͸˼ױ޸
̫̫õ¡
̫̫۵ıסĸ֪ھ֮зǳΣĸ͸׼ˡĸ˵Ҫ׸ǿЦ˴㡣
ࡢлĸ
Щ˵
̫̫뷨һ㶼֪
ֻ֪̫̫׸û뵽̫̫һһֻһŮˣҪ
ĸĶҰ
ͲŻˡ
̫̫ȴͬĻܻҵġ
ţ̫̫תμˡ
գӽҪȢˣǰģһֻһˡ
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һƬĬ
ƽŮǼĽֿϧĽһλĸҲϧ̫̫֮ǰ¶ܶˡ
ܴӦ̫̫ҪЩˣ¶ؤ񣬿Щ˸ܽӴ
ƽǲ⡣
ǲףǴ
Ϊʲô̫̫ͱĴ£
ƽףѾҪõһУҲû뵽ҪһλԶ檵ˡ
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ƽϧкС˹ȥZӣ˵Ҷƽס
Zڶƽ˽̫̫Ƿ˵
һʱ֮䣬Z˳Ĭ
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ZߵӲŲ̫̫ǲʲôŮӣZ˵ӣƽ̫̫֪ݣҪ֪ݣ϶߸˵Ľ
ʲôݣZĿһֻۣѺͿӣͨһλֻ̽ˡú
ǡ
ӵͷ˵ˡ
Ҫ𣿡
ǸһѵˣȫƷˡ
ȥ
Zӡ
Ȼ̫̫ҪӦ˾ǡ
Z˳Լһ˽ȥ
ӽЩ벻ףƽ﾿ʲôطãùӿһӾһˡ
Ҫ˵Ҳ֣Щ˯ûȥ¥ݣֻйһˣ

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Zӣ̫̫Ժӡ
ڣ磬ӽ
һԺӣZƽ˾ܾ
ѿڶţ
̧ͷZ˫ǧǳӣ΢΢һЦ
֪ZˣһжѾ䶨
ƽZļ򣬡Z뿪ɡŮûԵ֡
ʦ
Zǰһ̫̫
̫̫֪˵ĻǷ
̫̫Zûʲôӡ󣬿ȴмƭZ˵ͷ˵˵Ļ
Ǻá
ZǰһZ̫̫ŵȢعΪ䱦ˮǧֻȡһưԶ檡
ţ۾ԲˣZȻⷬŵ
С
귭һۣĿĹӶ˵ĻɵӲŻš
󣬿Zһߡ
Z̫̫˵ϷˣZʵȢعϷ˲š
ZЯĽϷβZ˱ǡ
˵գZγɿϻһ
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Ȼ֪ʶ˲ԣɵʱ󲻵Ĵʻˡ
Ϸ˾ȵָZס֣
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ˣ
Ϸ˴֪һܹΪŮز
㡣ǡ
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ϷˣԸ˺Լ˺
Ҳš
̫̫һҲţZ谭
ZĿͶƽ
ƽ̫̫ǰZ˵ϲĳ࣬žò˵ӵʦ֪⺢ӵ飬ܲ
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̫̫ϵбһ۶ƽ
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Ȼ̫̫֪ĵͷ
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ZZ˵ͷ
˵ͷ
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ú˵Բ𡣡
̫̫˰֡
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ֻһλӣŲѺͿλӶӵƸ
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ƸѾˣ
Z֡
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ˢ
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ƽƻͨ, , ַǷ
Ψһ塣
ŮӶڹϣﱧһֻոµС
΢˫ۣһûһµС
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Ҳ˵ˣǶ徻
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СԲ, һڣ˵Բζ
Ȼ, Zġ
𣿡
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Ϊβţ
һ˵ţŰ
Ͷƽ̫̫һֱΪZôƸ񣬲Ϊ˳ųӣġ
ʱƽ˵ԺһҪһЩױżҹòá
˰죬һ˶ˡ
Ķôӣ
ZʵʵĻش𣬡еĲҵڸϰ塣
㶼̽ˣô⣿
Ա׼⣬ɡ
Ȼˣһ¶ǹԱ
յЩֻĻĴϰ塣
Ŷ
Ӳĵ˵ͷ
Ĳؼ˭õڻһλZȻƿôĲҵ
̫˼ˡ
ZСڸڵϣɵɵĲ֪˵ʲô˵ԺҪܱСڣһֻսȮǵŵģôҪˡ
Ŷ
ͷˣҪʲô
Ҫʲô
ZĶ΢Ц㣬ֻҪ֪ʵϾ²Ӧˡ
⣬Ҳμᡣ꣬ﻵ˰ɡ
У
̷ҾǲϲЩᡣ
һлģͷˡ
Ųͽȥء
Z˻ӣҲ䡣
գգۣһᷢȤأҪҪȥ
˭ңĺıͷʵҲʶˣҿɲȥ
ô᣿
ZӣȵϵĹë˵϶ʶˣ¡

ҧҧ˰֣ûȤ
˵⼸ţѵѵ
롣˸ǷԸһѾôˣĲ̡ҪչҵĲܣҸȢȥѾȲҪѺͿˡ
˵ŶZգգۡ
ZһˡǺ޲ھͰȢȥ
ʱûĸ
Z䲻Ķһ
ʵòûĸ͸׾˰ɣ
ҡ
Z˵ͷ㡣
š֪ңǡ
ĵָһº棬ҾҸףƺܲ⡣
ʲô
Z첻µز£Ψµ˾ǶƽͶƽ̫̫
һͷ˾Ȼȫɭɭվ
ʦϷˣ˵
ƽˣӣҴСӣȻܵҲ㣡
˵׷𣬷һЦ
̫̫ŭĿһۣ㻹ЦȻǶ˶ˣڳ֮ǰܲü档
ĸ֪ûҵûZ˷Ҹط˵ȥˡı֪ҵ򲻵Ƕҿء
㿪ľͺá
̫̫ǶZ⡣
Ҳû취ֻ̫̫Zˡ
ZͶƽZܵһƧԺ֮󣬶ƽ׷˹
СӣҲ֪ȵҡ
ZίͰͣʦͽѾܵúˡ
˰ˡƽ˰֣˵˵˺Ժ̶֮⣬㻹㵱ʲôٶ


 41 

ƽʹˡ
ԭZ״Ԫ, û뵽Z̫, ԲŴ״Ԫ̽
, ZںԺ棬οһܹ
ǿ˹֮ܽںԺ̶Ҫһְ
㣬µòҪĹְ
Z, ˵ʦģѽһжˡ
ӣ֪Z˵
ƽҲʡ
ðɣҲ¡졭
ʦҼгҪˡ
ƽףֳҲĹ뷿
Zͷ, ʦͽˡ
Zô׵ϴ, öƽЩѵĻ˵ˡ
û¶Ҽҡ
ZĹƽ
߳ƽһ˲䣬ZɵЦˡ
ſڵӼZ, æ
ӣˣҪ
ZӸӣˡ
ȥҵĻ׼, Ҫ䶯ǡ
˼գ͵˶ƽϡ
Ȼ󣬴̫̫нϡ
¹Ըдģ
ǡĵͷ, 滹дǰȥҲԼʲôˣȻ
Ƴģͬ˵ôͲˣˣҵδЩӸֵһᡣ
Z˵ʵ֮;ˡ
ӵĻѺͿദһЩϱӾôġ
ڣZͻȻһϱڸôͨϱͲ̫һˡ
̫̫͵ϣҪԼ
ԭҲ£Ű͸ҹˣǳZ£ôҾͷȥˡ
ԺǶ࣬㲻ˡ
Z㣬ҪĻҲøԼ鷳
ܱԹֻǹԹԵĸ̫̫𸴣˵Ҫȥ
űϵСڣСڵĴצӣϣ겻Ҫ۾ǵҵͷϡ
ϧǣԴݻֱ֮̾»Ǻûʲôϵ£Ҫո֡
ҲΪͻȻӲʹףԭ걳֧еһֱ
ûͲˡ
˰ɣұ·Σҿɲܶơ
˳ףһźɫĳԵóࡣ
˵ҲѾʮˡ
ŮϯλĸóһĵӣСĸϡ
۾һֱֱĶĵӡ
⼸ڹȻñҵǶҪúܶ࣬ɺԭԶ
˸ǮֻһλӦеӣһֻжӣõģƽЩױ˵ģʮ׾ݡ
յڣһ۾ͿˣǸӣõϺõĶģ̫ݳˡ
Ư
Ŷ΢ЦףZ͹ģ֪ҴСʶĶ٣ʶⶫֻҪĶҾͻá
˵ţ֣ҽ˸ĴӺʹ֮⣬һԭΪݲܲμϯû뵽ҾͲöһˡ
ģ׼ó
ǡ
Ľװĺӽｻꡣ
򿪣
ϣһ˫۾ꡣ
һֱ룬ҽμϲ磬ΪʲôҪһ𣿲֪Ϊ˭ŵģ
Ȼǹˡ
һϣǹĵط
˵ˣ˾ûĹ￴ԲŻ
ɲὫԼϡ
ңֻǼõõĶˡ
ʮˣսڹѾİ·ˡ
ҲٸһϢҲǹҵ巢ȥġӦ֪⸮еĵλҲ˹˵뷨
ԭˡ
֮ǰ֣ȻѾ˹ΪʲôҪԣԭǹ˸á
ˡ
˰ˣμӿƾûпõõһȢôһλĿϱеĲãȫͷϡ
ǺЦ
ס죬˸ǷҸӣϲ뿪ܺ͹˵ϻ߹ˣԺҪЩСֶˣ˲ݡ
ǲȥϽˣﻹϱ
ⳡϲμӵȤĽ
ĵûжӡ
֮Ƶġ
ǿеĵλˡ
ɫˣҸûȥĻĸᵣˡ
о˾Υ䡣
ģߡ
վã㡣
ס
·ϵ˺ܶ࣬Ϊǻ磬Ҳǳ֡
֮˵ûõ
˵㿴ڵľ󲻼𣿡
ΪʲôҪʣδ򡣶Ϊҵδºöˡ
ᵽZʱЦ˵ġ
겢š
ɻʱ򲻻ôʢĳ
ûд󳡾Ҳ⡣
ʵǹӦеĻˡ
㲻ñЩȤЩʱ䣬취ӽôĸ¡
¶Һܺá
꣬Ҷ˵ﻰڵ㣬Ͳȡԣû˵㲻õĻںȰ㣬Ҫ¾סµġ
ժԱߵһ仨Ƕ䣬ˣҲҪ
⼸ǹ˹ܵϣԳûбˣѾȥޣ޲ó裬λޱȹ̣ںжҡϽŮҼԭʹºӣȻѺӹ̵¡
õĻǶ䣬ӵϣԣԼҪĶӡ²ãҲáΨһסµġ
һŲڻǶ棬ҸҸ档
뿪ΪʲôҪЩ
ʲôãû˼ˡ
ͷѾȱ˸Ƿȥ
ôȤϲ磬һβμӡ
ߵʱ鶼á
ʱһ۳
⳵βΰЩ죬֮Դ˵ģ㷢ûУ찡

ϡͿתת۾˵ʲô
ס죬ĵЦţСɵϣϳZ
ʲôZӣ
æ³һڸһӡ
Zڸϳڡ
ﴫЦ
Цʲô
ϣֱ֧°ͣ˵ZӣҶͺ͵͵ŮҶ˾ʹ뿪㲻˽

 42 

ĪҪ˵˵
涼Z, ˲һСµĻҳ, Ȥ, ǿһЦôˣ
ûZΪZ˵ˡ
˭֪ոձ, Z˵ƸΪޱΪ檡ҵӣϣ㲻ҪЦ
ˢһ۾˵Ѿ˻飬ͲҸȢȥˡ˵һ˽ķӦôô󣿡
ΪZƵġ
֮Ҳϲ
ǡ淭һۣ㲻ϲҲ˵ˡ, ΪʲôҪµĻֱҲͺ𣿡
Ȼǲöƽ֪¡
Zһλشĺܿ, ǰտ˽ˡ
ʲô
ѵýһΣZ, ڽû֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʡ
Z˵ҵȻͨҳΪԺ̶
գգ۾ɻĿڵôȥõ˺Ժ̶ٶ̫⣿
һӴƷƷʲôģ
״ԪҲһ
Z, ʵ¹𣿡
ûȥʷ
Ŷ
ĻⱲӻ϶ҪZֵˡĻZٹʮʸڸ, ȻͲʣԿڱĵطѧϰ
ȻȲϱСС;ͷ࣬ʤסΣգҲᱻ˳Цͦõġ
¿ٹʮ궼ȥ
һ
ȻǺ£Ϊʲôģ
Ǹ㲻Zʲôˡ
Z̾˵գθңҪΪͽ
θϣλԪϣ˵Լһֻһͽܵθ𣿡
Zʵ̫ˡ
ӦӦûбõˡ
ʦ
Zشĺܿ졣
̲ס˳ӣȴZһ˫ָ˻ȥ

ҲˡίͰ͵˵ҵʲôʦΪʦҲ˶档˵ҵ֪θҪΪͽ϶ǳˡ
֪
ZЩ˵ǣʦԶʦ
ңλθϸZļƻ֮С
˵θļƻ֮ппޡ
ȻɲôģҵĲѧãáҪǲҵ˵£ҾҵҵǿθΪʦ
ΣһλϵʦZδϵλˡ
˵Һúһ롣
Zƺˡ
ãҲ˵Ͳ˵̶ǲÿӣ
ǡĪӳʲôӣ
æҼһͷҾСЩλÿƷǳãǰ黢ǧˣϾƹ£ҪԣҲǧҪŭ
ȻһЦģԵ»ֲңھǶ࿴ѧ
Ǿͺá
Zûˣһͣ
֮ǰZ˵һ䣬ڼеңȢ㡣
³ɡ
һȦûZӵӰӡ
ˣ
ķĶߵ˵ú˿аԣ뿪
ǻ쵰ҵͱҡ
˵θҪͽܵ飬Ūֱȴϰʦ
ߵʱڸеȢ˶ţʲôҾʲôƾʲôһҪĻ
˵ǹﲻӵĻҪ˭ģ߹ʵж֤Zӵģӻ飿
˵˭Ҫӻ飿
ĵļ仰Ū߳ŭ׼˵Իϸͷ
ͷȴһ㶼µģ˹ãδѾͷ̣ǷǮϸͷֻŻ˵ġ
ԲҲһˡ˵޸ZӵҲˣҪҪū澹ȥ
ȻҪ
ȻZ˵ˣֻѺͿס죬û˾ԲС
Ҳţʣµ˾ĸѡɡ
ʱ÷ɿ죬Ѿĸǰóǿѹ׵Ĵӣõļ¡
ʮַĺ˰˾ǳһĺ
ڼ´֮󣬴ĺض˷̱ϵ쿴£Ư
վںһߵĴͭǰ棬˵ͷ
ȷƯܾ׼£ͨļЩһ
ɿûΥƵĶ
µ̫̫صģȥǾǵһ·ŻǴ壬˻µʱ䣬߲Ȼͨļ²һ
ļ˵ţϸĽʵĽ˿˿Zġµͺ解ҲZڹļϡ
ڣZ˵һֻܼһˣԷĺ챦ʯǶֻǹûΥƣûƴС鱦Zõȫҵıʯ
ֲôء
ԼĲӺҪѹˡ
ȴǺ
˶ıʯǶ棬һ㶼ͻأ
óһԶҲZ汲εĽ˸˿ζ׹ԡ
òá
֣һԶ׹ƯƯɸоڶϣҪѶ
Ҳ̫ݳˡ֪Zӣû뵽ȻôûǮ
æôĺذԴϵķڸ
¸ӵļ£˼֮⣬Z׼ʲôˣ
ģ˵ʲô֪ҿúܣZߵߵķǳ
ίͰ͡
ūˡūҲʹӣʲô϶ū˵˵һиū澣ū澿϶ûоϲˡ
Ҳǡ
¼µٶ̱ϣ׼·ǳøˡ⣬ұڵĺۣûһҪȥ飬Ҫҡ
һģǿҪ
ԭŵý
вˡ̫̫ҸļױӣԿûʲô⣬Ҫĵĵط
ĺ˰ǿȵİ
òļױӡ
һֱۣˡ
̫̫Ҷٶ
˵ʱֻ̫̫ϳӣȻҲǰպķһǧ޵ļҾõõľϡһЩӣЩ̫̫
̫̫˵ˣûŮͽױȫˡ滹һЩ꽻ӡ
Ȧ죬Ȼ̫̫Ƕõˡ
ţ˲𣿡                        


 43 

˵Ȼ, ˵˵˺ȥ˺üϷ, Ϸ˸ˡ
ǾֻҪ⼸˵Ӿͺ, ҲҪ
ʣڼױ滭˼ʣЩҲҪȥ̫̫˵һ˵˼ҵĶȫң㿴ZҵЩ, ҿԹúܺá
׵ԽԽҲԽ˵׵һˡ
ҪڻƻʱŰãһ糿ͱק
ϴ̫̫֮ȫ˾Ͱᷢ
һܲͷһƬһƬĲͷϣ֪ʲô, ķƣҲǳʺŷڡ
ֻûһ֮, Լ˲˺üꡣ
Ȼ󣬴ĺһױ
Ϊǻڻƻ, ҹϣԴĺ˺ķۣ֮˵׵ĺǸһ
, ˵ﲻҪڸױ
ôƺЦһЦϵķ۶
ϵþԼ, Ȼʮŵĵģõ֬Zģõۣ֬һЩеĺûУ֤ˡ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ЩܲԼ
ĻĨһ̣Ӷôġһ룬ϵƣͽ˵ĵ÷ƣԲűסū澱֤Ӳᱻŵ
𣿡
ЩɣȴǲЩϱҲû˸ױ׵ʱҲϣֻǰʱһֻöѡ
ȻеӶôģֻôԼϻ
֮ͻ׻ôһȻѾȥˡ
֪ԭʱԹô죬Լûŵʱ򣬾͵ϻεʱ
ˡ
ƳһڷԱߵĴͷ˹ȥ
ͷҲZģ
һĽZģͷ˾ŰپʮſŽɫŷƳĽˣıҲС׹ŵģͷǶŮӵ밡
ҪϣԼεˡ
ǣ˵Ը͸ͨĸͷֶѹͷϣҸѹ𣿡
ޣæ˼ڣϲӣɱϹ˵˵ͷϵļһףȥҲΪ޵Ĳˡ
ţֻΪҼ˸ӡ
ͲЩõģ
ô˵ķǳִŵĸϷ⡣
ҡҡӣԼŬӦǳصķڡ
Ȼͱ˸ͷ
һ˲䣬Լͷˡ
һֱ̩ɽѹסĸо
ԴӵĿϣһ㶼붯
ȻСѾѾ˽үӭ׶鵽ˡɣ̧Ρ
һ
һֲ˵ĳ嶯
ȻƽԲͬ⡣
Ĵ磬˻Ρ
ڴϵʱһȵĳ
ңͬڱ˳׵֣ﾲĵġ
ⲻ֪Z̧İ̧̫ˡ
Ҳ˵
ľʵ񻨣̵ף˵Ǹûʡ
һϵĴţ˿ߺʹµ飬ݻȴԵۻң̾
Զƽң²Ůһ׼ױ
ңǽӼȲǶƽҲѺͿġ
Ҫ˵⾩еǮ˼ҶǣҪ˵˭ܻӣôһӣƽ˶벻
ǿعļױ
˽֮ЩǷӦ
عļױȻųһ
Ȼڹ޵һٶʮ̨ҲǺү֮ŮܴĶ
ңÿһӶѹĺ䣬ƺٶһܱѹһ
ĶģʵһֶZƸȫȥˡ
ڽЩ˵Ŀɿڴ
ֻڽֱھһȦѺͿǰ
Zϡ
ĵ˵ZûоҺܳ
ûС
˵ţZ˵ϴʮﶫZϣͺӡ
ͦġȵԼңúóԷôɲС
͵͵С֣ZϣھǹŮ֮УѾֵˣZȻݣҪĶ֣
˵أǶ˵ĻЩʲôҲ֪ϡͿվϲ֮С
߻˵Ļ
ѺͿǴ󷽣ֻһλӳףȻøôױ
˵Ҳ֣ǿǱϼҲˡӾȻôӡ
ɫ̫ÿ

߰㣬ԼôණѾܲˡ
ţͱźZãذݸá
ֻڰݸõʱϲúȻ
ѺͿɫŭZôܰλ
ҪҿͷZס
ZѺͿ΢΢֣עԴǣǲ                        


 44 


ZĻɹļŭѺͿ
Zĸ״ʧɫ, Z˵ʲô
ZȻ¶, ˵, ˵ҪǰãԾͽˣ𣿡
ˣ
˸ͷ
Zһֱǵճӣ֪
ѺͿ֪, ˺óһʱźѺͿѺͿ֪ϼһλңZһж˵Ļȫˡ
Z㲻Ҫ˵
ףûк˵úܡ, һҪĸ׵λ֮ǰãѺͿǿȥ, رܡ
Zһ˵һ㶼ѺͿӣѺͿЦάֲס
Z㲻Ҫô, Ҫǣֻӣ
𣿡
ZǱ߿һۣǱ߾ܵZߣ, ҪĶ
á
һףZ׷ŵѺͿǰѺͿ, 뿴ҵ֡
ZĸףѧṦƵģְסףһZȻѺͿڣ㿴⺢ҲһƬТģҪ⺢λǸˣοһ˼ƽϣ
Һ˼ƽϣ
ѺͿָZĸױӿҪ߱㻹δȢޣҾ㿴ˣҲ޸㡣Ҳû뵽վȻӲҵϣộ
˾ͲҪ֪㣬Ȣһλ·ϻĵŮΪԼҲǵˣֻҪҲҵ£Զ뱻ӣ

Zĸ׻ҪȰѺͿһۡ
ZҲ˵ÿЩɡһִȥۻҵ
ͷסĬĬطһۣZ֪۰Ҫôصļºͷڲͺˣ
һڰõʱôһۡ
ѺͿбۿһZеĴףһҳӵ֣Ȼֵǰ棬дŵ˺ȻZ
ZĸףλдŵĽϡ
⡭
ѺͿ͵̧ͷȴZɲЦݡ
Ҳƭǻص棬ǿҺҵǰݸã
ѺͿ˼ɣݺݵĵһZĸףЦŵͷãZǸöӡһƬТĵķݶϣͰݰɣ
˵գ޵ŭ̬ǧĻصԼԺӡ
ѺͿԼԺ﾿ηƢҲ˵
ǾԼˡ
š
޶԰֮ڱZķˡ
̲ס룬³޵ӣǲûбŽ·ˡ
·Ȳͷ
ո֣ͱһ˫ָס

Zƿĸͷϵױ֮סˡ
̫˼תͷǲ̫ˣǲǣ

ģ
ţZҪΪûпӣĺˡ
ˣڻƵ֮£ϵɫǲԵôףһ
Zͷϵĸͷõڵϡ
ϸϸĿͷ϶ŵķڣЦŵͷ
ⶥý˻һʱ죬ͷϹȻ㡣
˵ˣץʱҲӶ첻ᶯˡ
Ǹ㲻ZҪʲôôΪⶥڣ
ȻĺƯûܿõڣʡǮ
Zİõڡ
ֵʱZԼͷϴһ£ʮɵ˵ţⶥڲǻ
Ľ
ĺһƴZϣı鿴
ҵĲӶˣ㻹˵ھòͣ㶥һԣ
úúãҲˡZŵϣֻ˼ӵͷ΢ЦŴóһҵģҪϱܲ嵽ͷˡ
ͺܶأһֻʢĺɫʯ⻨Ҳɳͺ֣ΪʲôҪɳ

Zϣĵͷֻе֪ҪϱȽأԲŻɳӵĽ
˵ţദ˼꣬һֱԽ׳ذ벽Zһ˫ָĲϣİ
ֻ֪ۣӵõĻϣ
ô
˿̵ȫΪZΪ˺Ȣ
ֻΪ˺Ͳڻϻô˼
ֻΪ˺Ҳ˵
ǡ㲻ȻZôĲ˵¾޸ҲԲĲȻǰ;Ϊʲôѡôһλ·ֵĺﵱӣ
һֱҪ˵һ¡
Zߣ˫Щ룬Щ΢졣
ʲô£
ƹƣZɫǸоZ˵ǳŹ֡
ˡ
Z¹ڣ˫ס֣Ķ롭
ӣ˴ȥμӾϯ
ҡ
ıͨͨģҪסZ죬ZĻ־Ͳᶯˣһֲּĸоͣ͡
ãСѾ߸סˡ
ִZĴ˳ȥԾƣҿɲϣҳɱ˲෹ǲȥɣܹܲһ񡣡
ҡ
ZӵĶ˵Ļû˵ң˵
Ҫʱ֮ǰزҾͲˡ
Zߵʱĵİţʣһ϶ʱ򣬶˵һ˵Ǿ仰
ŲʵʵڴϵZ
ŴЩӺͻ;ѵûţ˼оòܽӵ
òóһӵ棬ûôѵû֮󣬲ȥ
ġ
ūˡ
ĻŻŵ˽һϲɫ
ʢǰûүĽӣǲŽһƯҸոջڴôܽ赽Ƕء
һۣҰн˵յʢҰѼѵ
ﲻȵү𣿡
ô˵˹Ѽ¡
һʹһѣһ˵ôӣZʮִҲܰҽ⿪һӼˣ˺Ͳˣôõļ£һء
ﲻѼδСﵱױɣ
Ȼôĵ뷨ϵĽ˿߶ֵأŮױҲǲԡ
͵͵Цɹﲻ˵͹үҪС𣿡
üգգ۾ʲôʱ˵£ȥҴˮҰϵЩϴˣǼ첻㣬ԽԽˡʲô˵
͵͵ЦȥˮĿڲһëԽԽˡ
ڴϴŹǷվûֵס˯Ϯʱ˯̫ǿˣûʱʱ˯ˡ
Z֮󣬿ľϴĸɸɾڴϵ
ҸոҪ˵Ļ㻹ûء
Ķ䣬Ὺڣ㡣

 45 

Z³, ȵϢɨĶ, ץץ䡣
С, ˣҪ˯
ZķЦȻҰСֻС̹
һʱ䣬Ĵ, Ķ䴵
öԽԽܻͷСڣ˵ٱˣҪ˯ʱң
һͨƢҪְСڸ, ˫ץ˸ա
ZڴߣЦЦĿ
Zô
ˮϡͿԴ, ȻѾ˻飬Ҳܴҹܵҷ߿, ҵˡ
ǡͦң
ZԣŻŵİZƵеſڣ˼֮Ʋ, ֣ôȥZﲻ, ȥȻҵ̫̫ˣǳԲ˶ߡ
Zװȥˣձķ˱ϣúÿʲôط
˯۾ϸĿ˿Լĵطһϲ֣Ҳ˯Ǹһˡ
ͻȻĺˣѾ޸ˣ
ZһԴ
š˵õĵȵʱʵ̲סԼ˯ˡ
˵ĿͰͣѸٵĹŽܵԱߣϵľƱƣһݸZ˻ûͽء

ZƱϣͷĽѾӣ±ַ˴ϣԺҪš
Ŷ
ǲ⣬ʵǺϲ·ŵģˡ
ZΪʲôȽƣ
ZԱߣԽԽᣬ˵ڶҵĳƺûиġ
죬Լλʱһһеķǳ˳죬Z˵ʱ򣬸в
ZӴϱһӣڵϣȢ㣬ԸĿڳƺΪʱٺͽơ
û뵽ZȻôɵɵʵӦýʲô
š
ҲZסˣÿòͬĽзǵĻô˼˵ó
Լͺá
Ҿͽˡ
Zҡҡͷãƺң֪˻Ϊá
ôܣһЦ˳㳤ôƯûôƯô˵ã
ô᣿Zһ澵ӣݸ
㽫ҵٲıһȣѵ𣿡
ͷžԼȻ̧ͷһZ˵ٻĺ񣬿ҲڴˣZϣôƯ
Լϣ˵ѿɣɾûZôޡ
Ĳܽˡ
ҧŴҧʼָ˰죬˵Ȼܽ磬ǾͽZ磬ܺðɡ
˺ö࣬ȻZ硱ֳƺڱ˿ǣ͡๫ֳƺȵǲˡ
ZҲˡ
á˯ɣջҪȥѺͿ밲֪Ҫֳʲô۶ء
Ŷ
ԹԵ£˸Ƿܿ˯ˡ
˯ʱССZ﷢
ÿЩ취ȥˡ
Ȼÿĺ˯Z˵Ǹ޴ĥ
ĥͻϲ֮УZȹ˺֮ĵһҹ
ڶһZȵϴϣ
Ժ˫ۣȻֵס⡣
ȻZЩɲܳˡ
ѽ
˲⺰ġأǿױ
˳㻹Zôң
ZЦЦ˵˯㣬᲻ý㡣
Zذ˰֣صùӣĶ˵ҳ׵һգױ
ĺ𣿡
ZûشѾʼͷһ㶼ۣҿԼͷȻǳʺϡ
֮Z͸ɳͷϡ
ͷмʷᡣ
ˣ𣿡
žʹĵͷ
Z̫ˣԼĺöˡ
ֻͷ
Z֣ùһ̣һԶ«ʽĶһӣʵģͨ͸ǳһ֬Բˡ
ͷϵķһףմɡ
á
ûоܾ뷨Ҳܾ
Ҫ̫Ưˣұ֤ûŮܹܾƯӡ
Ѿ˿ZĲˡ
ôܻǮ˲ûǮ
̫ˡ
Zóһ飬ĵĵʰϣŴ߳䡣
һ·ѺͿԺ߹ȥ
һ·ϣѺͿ˶ǳ𾴣ѺͿһ
ˣǲòZȻȫշѺͿˣҲֶ֪˵ѺͿӵ˾ôġ
ҪѺͿԺӣZͣ½Ų˵ѺͿɫܲرã㲻õġҲóƺĸףֻҪƺΪͺá
֪ˡ
ⱲӣȻѾ֪ZȻͲϱһѺͿ
á
ZõĴ𸴣ŴһѺͿԺӡ
һ̤ѺͿԺӣ͸оѺͿԺЩ˺Щ˶̬Ȳһ
˶Դ䲻ȣһλ͸ˡ
Zûշˡ
⵹һҪZѺͿԺȫշˣZͲˡ
Z벽λţѺͿϷȥݼ
ѺͿԱ߾Zĸס
ѺͿ·ŵѺͿӣ
ѺͿҲǿ㣬ֻϧȲZ
˸õӰݼѺͿǵ˰죬˸õӣѺͿ˵Ҳ˵
ֶԸϱֶΣ˵̫Сˡ
ãѺͿ̧̧Ƥ·ոտһЦЦôû˸õӣЩûõūš
ѺͿߵū澹صĸӡ
Zһ£ֻZķס
򸣣ѺͿ򸣡
Zû˵˵֮󣬾ͷվ
ѺͿ׼ﻹûͳȥͱZ
ѾߵĶڿС
ƳһZû׼վˣͱZ
ZȻѺͿĸ˵ӲǸ߹Ҫĸ׵λ𣿡
ѺͿķ䣬ôܰλ
ǶҲԸ˵ԺѺͿѺͿԸ⣬ѾӦ˶ӣҪڷŶĸ׵λܹݼš
ZƳһѺͿѵҪʳԶ𣿡

 46 

Ȼᡣ
˭ԼϷǰ޵λһͲ֪ǰޡ
ѺͿһZĸ
һZ, ZȻ, ֻ˽λ
ZλĿͷ
ѺͿһ, ZмҪ
˵
λ¡û߹ңﾹԭӣҶԲ, Ҳ֪ڳе٣֪ͣȢǶ
ԣеÿԹǶ⡭ѺͿ˫Z, ͲҪ˵ˡ㿴Σ
ѺͿ˼ZھǼġӡ, ڼÿڼ룬ﵱͷӼݡ
ZѺͿ, ȻӦ¡ԭҲںӻǵӣϾѾƾٿУֻһ, ϣܹķÿݣӵıҪԸԿв֮¡
˵ĶƯ
µ, ܲܺһ˼ƽϡ
Zʱ̫Ҳ̫
һЩӣϯĻ񣬿λȴ֪ʱһػһֱΪԼΨһһλӣû뵽ZȻƭ
ôˣܷ𣬽ջװµӣֻҪZҪ󲻹֣ҪӦ
ãZҪ󲢲֣ܲ
ֻȥ㡣
ѺͿZȥ
ѺͿԺӣЩ㱡
ѺͿ˺˵
ϱӣһʱֵһ㶼һ
ѺͿǺ˵ǱءZֻЦˣҵҪùˡ
Zƺܸˡ
ҲˣΪѺͿҪΪһأû뵽ôɵľ뿪ˡ
еλһ㶼һ
磬ɩǵһȡ
Zĵܵܣ˹
磬㵽׺˵ʲô͵Ϊʲô
ZתλܵܵĸܸӣеǸ֮ûвμӿƾٶȥ˾ӪΪѺͿ˽ľӻ֣ÿһεĿûҪѺͿ˰æ
һӹ˺ͨ
һZľͷѺͿѺͿû֣λܵڻֻǿӵܡ
Ƕûв
ԣZλܵͦõģʻЦŻش𣺡ûʲôˣǳ⣬޹ء
ô޹أߵZǰйأԴʼͲʹ죬ÿ춼ģոǷûȥɥǡ
ܵZȻ
֪ҿԸ㣬ʵܼ򵥣ǵû֮ǰýȢӣǵĴӣϵĵճӡ

Zļ磬ʵĥãҪҪ£ΪΪˣӦС
ɵˣС󣬱˶ڸһλ磬ֻӡ
ʮ꣬Ȼ֪ڻ֮С
һλֵͨĹӸ磬Ⲣʲô
Ȼӵճӱ˵մӣ
̵ǣͬһλ
һ˲䣬˫ͨ죬ҧ˵֤𣿡
Zͷ֤ݾס
֪ײ١
ˡ
Z鿪Цҧ˵֪𣿡
֮ǰ֪飬֪µֻеҡ
Z˶٣˵½͸ȥɡ֪ҹҪߡ
ʲôߣ
ͻȻŭָZҵļҸһ㣬ƨɾҵļһ
ļң
ZĹһȥֻӦ
Z̫˽ˡΪ˸ԼͲҵļң
Zۣûʲôȷ޹ģʲô֪
Ẓ̡
ܣZû㱨㣬ֻû˵ܹһ˳ֻǴС̫˳˳ˮˡûZ
Zͼȥ
˦Z֣Zңұ¸˵
ZСһû飬ûи׵飬أеҸһûҸֵǽZʹĻϣ
ȻѾˣ˵˭˭û塣֪ZöԲ㣬Բ˵ػһûôģҺ˽ֻҺϲĺá
˭ҵãҾø㡣
У˭ãͶ˭á
ôƫ˭ǺĹأ۾ƫˣ˭Ҳ
㡭㡭ǲ
дûˣ֪η
ҴŻ磬ôȢø
壡
Zסɩ칻ˣҺɩӻȥˡ
Zƿס壬˺ܳһ·ҲʱZſ
ⲽZ˭֪ZԽԽ졣
˶ţСŸȥZˣ
ýʲô
ץZ֣ҡZ磬Ϊʲô
Zҡ֣ĿڵҲҺܿģܿάҡ


 47 

Һܿά, ֻϣһӿֵЩ, ȫᡣ
Ȣ, ÿ쿪ĵӻǵӵЩ¡
Ҳ̸ȢҽţӦЩ¡ôˣ
Ŀ͸Ȫˮһ峺, Ŀ⣬ZȴЩǱ
Ϊ޸Ľڣû뵽ˣ˲Ҫʱ䣬û¡
㻹أ
Ҳ
ɿת, ĺZĹЦ, Z磬ġҪǽܹܵ, Ҷ¸ˡ
ZҡҡͷƤҲôƤΪ⼸Ķ׷ء
ȥɣѺͿ, ĵطֻ·
Z·Լ˻ȥ
ص˷䣬Z, ֵĿһѺͿϤ

ҸոմȥѺͿԺӣȻǵô
ҧҧZһ裬һˣ˰ɣȲ衣
ûʲô˵ˡ
Zһڲ裬漴ʲô飬ӡ
ӣ
˽
Z˵˱˹Ŀ
΢΢һ£һ飬ӣе˱𣿡
У
Zƶĵͷ
һȥ׼˱
Z²豭תͷԺеĲҵȫ
ңвУҲеģȻ֪Ĳҵж٣ճ׵ųļҲ϶ܶ࣬ҿ
գϵ۾˵ģѧܼҲ࣬ԼЩױܲоܴĲƲ
ܣиԺ˭ҪӣҪ˽ӡ
ҵ˽ӡ
룬Ҷû̹ӡ¡
˸ˡZóһý˿ްװõĺӣǸõӡ¡ֻҪŪһӡǣӡ¾ˡ
ûӡ£Ƕһ䣬ӣҲҪҸӡ𣿡
ڰӣұͨ㡣
ZȨȫ
ӡ£ӡõƷʯС׭֣ĸֵĵطһյĵطZָţרӡǡ
һ롣
Z͸Ķ٣ôҪĶȴֻһҵϸһ룬ʲôͼԵڲͬ
СĽӡ¸
Z˵һЩȻۼҿɾҪˡ
ã
¶ɰСУ˶֪λ̽ɣΪӾȻծף֪λϻȥĹˮ֮С
ơ
ϣZȻŪЩ·ñ˿ǵĿ˵ǻܴͿ׬һʡ
ˡ
ZЦ˵֡
Ĳᣬֻ˵ҶǶӣֻҪų˵ҪǶȥҸҿ϶ҪӵһŶӡ
Ƕ˽һʱ䣬ͱ˾ǹŮ׵ʱĽӣû֮һ
ֻZڴǶӵʱûҪñҲǶӡ
ԣûзųҪӸȥ
ȴһӣϲðô죡
ӼȻѾˣڿҲǰװ˻ҳ罫ȥȻҲȱӣɵҲһʽ̫ˡ
Խ˵Խ˷ܣȥų
ոҪͱZȥ
Ѿʮˣʮ꣬ôô𣿡
ZZɫ䣬ڹ۲Z˼һ²ѿڶZòǲӣ
š
Ϊʲô
춼ˣֲõڶΡ
֮ԡвȱǵӡ
Zûɡ
ֻǼ˵ԵȢĲҵкõĽӸ⡣
Ĳҵ
ΪֻǿһЩ֮ģʵǲǻɥ᣿
ûС
Zƽ˵Ҳϲɥᣬȡˡ
Zһ˲Ļ㱣Ӱƺ͸Ķգգ۾ZŶˡ
ⱲӲһˣεץˡ
ӽ˱֪вҵʲôˡ
˵ЩZȥ鷿顣
ڷ￴˿һӣ˽˱̧˽
һۣ˵ôû𣿡
˵үڣ룬ҽЩ˱
ͳ־һѺʲôط˱ӣū˺ü˰æ̧˹
٣
ԼĶֻôӣ
ӣÿӶġ
һֲߵʱΪӲԸ⽫˱ԭڿҪ˱̫ˡ
øҿ
ȥҪһ꣬¶Ϣˡ
ôණһ˿ɿꡣģҡ
ˣЦˣūֻϵü֣ﶮˣ
û˵ˡԼеѾּＸ
ֻҪ־СزҲȥؽһͬҽ˱𡢸̸ֿ
ɨһۣ֪Zֵµ˶λķ˺ǲ
⽫Ӹҡ
ʵ˵ò࣬һ鲻Ҳ׼˸
ˮ㣬Ͳţ˷ƹĲˮ
Ҫǳ˼֮⣬˵ĿͿԿܶϡ
ˣҲһС̡
ʼ˱һֱŹǷڴϣֻӡ
Z±Ӵ̵ʱ˯ģһķӦûС
ֻиû뵽㵹Ĳˡ
ԭϵʱܺ˵һ⵹ãһ仰˵ϣ˯ˡ
֮ĵڶϣZԹ˯ˡ
һ磬ZԸӣӣҡүķӡ


 48 

ѹʱϡ
Ϊĵ, ԼĹͷҪɢƵġ
ڴ˯, ôѹ
ģ
, ˣ
۵ͷľԱߣ͵, үͻȻ˵ҪңԽϵ
ļ˵ţҲ֪үôôүԸûѹ˾ͽʰˡ
˵ԹүǺ£ǹүֵµҲ̫, ΪںܸɵģǹǰĴѾ, ǵ˹үȻͨ˶Ȳϡ
롣Ҳ, мڴİ˯ӸӲͨˣȻҲͨˡ
һ۾ԼĴ󴲣˵ϣܺþ͹ˡ
Ȼ, ZʮĵµĶϾǴ
Աʹ, ԣ˵Zأ
үȥˡ
үԹʮ˽⣬֪糿ʱ˳ĻƢľͶ㿪ˡ
ÿ졣
һ
ĸѣ·ϰɡ
Ҳʱʶֻһ£ZҲǵģҴôپͽұ˳
бӣ͸ĵطүסˣ
ߡ˭֪أ
ʲôӣԼĺܣʮ괺֮Ӿ˺÷紵硣
ѣһʱ䣬㵽Zլӡ
Zſڵȴĵ
˵һЦɫıȴΪ
ĪҪˣҸ׼
ZߵǰҴȥԺӡ
鲻ԸıZߣʼʱ򻹾һСZ˵ԺкܶˣǿЦ
Z˻᲻Ц
һϾƤûZ񣬵һZܹ֮ƿ죬ƽˡ
ˣ
ZЦʵ
ݺݵİZһۣ˵ֻǲ˿ЦѣΪҲˡ
ZﵹúܣֻҪ˵һˡ
ڵֻ˵˵ѡ
ڱ˵УZ˹ϵǳã𿴷ˣʱȥʵֻڶԹӣүոճ׵ˣûȥǸ
Ͳ֪ԼУǸӡҪ֪Ļ϶ZԶԶģ֤Zһ
˵ʲôˣһZԺӵǸ˺ZϲZӡ
Zķ䡣

ZױƵĽƵǰ档
ԭͷ̧ͷȥǵǰһеʱıˡ
ȫû뵽Zﲼõĺδ֮ǰĹ뷿һģһ
⡭
Z˵Ҹ׼ϲ𣿡
ϲ
ĵͷϲĲϲˡ
ô뵽ﲼõĺδʱһģһ
Zʵ̫ˣͺԾڶƽһ
ZЦ
ˣ˵ȻһҲøһ񡣾ǲ֪㸻¡ѧ峵Ӧʲô㣿
˵ţ˼
ZҡҡͷûбҪֻҪÿģǸõ
ǿɲɡ
ҡͷܲܰÿЦɸĻ̫ˡ

ZЩ뷨
ܿZͣ㿴ǳУ׼ЩȻ뷨ҲֻǶ˶Ƥӣڶ֣Բԣ
Zûзȷʵ˶Ƥӣ˶֡
˵ҲԼû֡룬ÿҪ¶ЦݣҪԼһ첻ЦҲͶˡԣһҪһ͸㡣
ZȻ򣬡ҾҪÿ춼õЦأ
ҧȥϸ˼Z⡣
ڣ˵ÿõҵЦݿɲסұ쿪ģ˳ңұҲԸ⣿
ԸⰡ
ZЦݲã۾·ǧǳҫѤĿ
ԼҪǳĺ֮ˡ
ڣǽл
ĻͲҸ㲻ϵĸˡУ
ϵľܾҸ߻ˣҲԼӡ
Zź̾һ
а˾ҪҲһҪÿֵģı軵ʲôã߻˵Ͳῴϱˡ
ɣ滹Ҹľϲ
ʲô
ȵʵ
һѾϲˣȻУZ׼ľϲҲ̫Щ
Zͷ
ϲҪԼȥ֡
أ
ǸȤˡֻZϸԼȥҡ
뷿ӣǳϤϤ۾ҵеĶתһȦûжĶɵĿһZ
ZƽZûбҪƭ
һ飬ûҵ
ҪZںδʱ۾ͻȻһսǴСӡ
ף
˹ȥ
ԭСûгģֻڷŻ裬ȴһССĳ룬ϸ
򿪳룬Ȼһֽ
ֽ滭ľ
ҷǳ񣬱ڵˮīҪĶࡣ
˵Ǵϰһ
ʲô
ԼӼʶĶҲˣɾǴûܽ˻Ķ
ͻ
ZЦ˵ҵ̶һγУһط˿Իֶͽ˴ңѧϰȻ㻭ԶΪ
ԣZ˵Զֲ÷һ仰
Ҫָ֡˵
û뵽ļ仰ܸZôӰ죬æǸҲǹ˵ģο˵ˣҸ׼ҲǷԸˣȥһġ

ZָǸѧһ£ŽӸ
õZǾԲưոˡ
ѧһ¾ܽҵӻΩΩФZ磬š
ZίͰͣһѾˡ
Сѧʲô죬Ϊûѵû뵽ȴͻ˸ͷ
ŵ뷨̵Ľ
漴˵Һú룬Ӧʲô

 49 

Zôϡһ, ҪЩͨĶZ, ЩԵZܲ, ƽӴ˲࣬ʲôطȥZŪȽϡ٣һԼģȷʵ̫ˡ
, ˵ЩʱZڿţZĺΣ˵Zû𣿡
Ȼû¿
ţ֪͢»˼٣Ǽ, ϵĲҵô࣬Ͳȥ𣿡
Ҫ˵Zʲô, һ㶼š
Zҡҡͷε˿Թ, С¶ҪĻЩкã
⻰˵ʵ̫ˡ
ۡ
һûɣҶ㰡ҪΪһû˯ŵʱҸŪҵĶȫ, һŪ
ZЩΪĿ, ûϸĿõȻĺ棬һ˵ʱ䶼ûˡ
֪ˣҾͲ㿴Щˡ
˷ôʱ䡣
üëЦһ¡
ZԹЦЦ˵Z磬ǵһ¼ңҵķ֮⣬ѵȥĵطתһת𣿡
Ȼ
ZȻŹһĻᣬֻ㲻𣿡
ͬ˵һ˲С¶Ҫȥܣӵʲô壿ȥ˸ɹµġ
Zĵ˵ͷ
·תơ
ZԺתƣӼҴҵ˹
ʲô»Żţ
Zòײŵĺһι·ӵĻᣬӻŻŵܽϣﲻĺܡ
ӣ֪ҵĹأ㲻ܸһĽͣȥɽ
Ӵ˸ɽǸط˵جΣӲȥڶΡ
æ˵ӣм¡ţ˵Ҫˡ
ң
ͷҲǲűҹӸŪô֪ʲôط
ͻȻ뵽һ£Z¼ʲôط
ͨС
У
߲඼ˣ䲻һλZٶˣ϶޴Ĳ
˲䶮ˡ
ӣҪҵˣļϰķˣ˻Żţ
ҿ϶һͨˡ
ˣǺ͹֮ͬ˵ķˡ
Żŵ
̵˶Zʲôֵӻŵ飿
˵Zĸף
ǸģҪλûλְʮһûȲǰ;ƽZ
ԭڼ֮пܻһ˲֧ZǵZֻ֮̽ҪӵľͶվZһߡ
ȻٲܵѺͿݣܵѺͿݵⲿˣZ㣬վZһߣһȻǼٵġ
ΪѺͿ۹ߣԼмڰˣͲ
һֱZߵˣΪ˴ֿţԡ
ˣվѺͿһߵģ
¡
ˣں˶˳оû˾֡
ʲôʾǴѺͿ˼
ĵ˵ͷ˹Ȼһ־Ͳ׼ˣλ˵ȷѺͿ˼Ŀ

߻ûô𲻴ӦZؾ
գӺͷ˲̸£˻ȥǺòײŴĿеõһ·ӵĻᣬΪһλʶ˾׷
Ӧ
һZӵʱкܶ࣬һкη
˭˵кܶʱ䣿
Zעǰƽ˵仰
ʾ⣬ողǻ˵𣿡
ո˵Ļ£ɲZķ
Z˿Σֻʮƽ˵Һһʱʱ䣬ȥҾͺæ
һۡ
⻰˵ģȻԾǼٻĺܿġ
Z磬Ȼ㻹ôУҿͲһȥԺһ֪ĺԺʲôء
գգ۾û׼˸Ҳ˵
Ϲ˵ʲô
ZһԿǣСԴһʲôôںԺˣ
㿪ЦġҵĭZʲôˣһ𣿡
ͦţԼԼԼԴ֮󣬭Z綼ῴŮһۡ
ֵҡҡͷʱ룬ҾʲôȻíZƵ˳ԡ
ú˵
ZָһԹϱ
ȻȷʵݲˣǴ˵Ǹоֵֹġ
ߣ˵Ķʵ
ʵ
Zʲô˼ģ
û뵽ZϲϲԼ˵ϲĻǴ˵ZĶôôζ
ͺϲһˣ˵ϲֵʱ򣬻ʮֵĲ˼ǲϲʱ˵ϲֵʱ򣬾ͻǳ⡣
ôɵ˵Щ;ƺû̫ĸ顣
ҲϣøЦ
ZѵĶ¶Щ׺ɫ
ںǱ̫̫ˣ׵ҲӦZǽ졣
ҪǱ˶ﻹڲɶZô
ûø¿Ц
ҲӲ
ʵڴӦZ׵һ̿ʼⱲӼûкͱһĿܡ
˵Zʱ飬Ҳ̫ܡ
ֻǶZѡ
߱Ȳһ㡣
ֻûеܽԼȫȫZĵز
ոպZЦ˵ԺûвˣʵҲĶZû²⡣
ǳ촰˵һֱôã˵ûиǼٵģܾôЩáһΡ
еʱڵһΡ
Ǹ۸СŮҲǱѺͿĥӶϱڵ˵̫λˡ
ֻҪ͸Ҿ뾡취ĸҸļֵȲ͵ҾͻԼռıˡͺո͸ҵҸ벻ҪʲôԣԺҪٸЩ𣿡
ѹЩ̫
ZҡҡͷЦ˵µľʲô˵˵ˡ
ֹĸҲ
ϱӵִִתΪĵ׶ϲ֪ɸʵܲԾɼôԾĸ飬ҲһҪȥ
ʱҲҪҪ֡
˵оˡ
ZͻȻо
֪Ϊʲô㲻𣿡

 50 

˭֪
ʼʱ, ΪZΪ, λһŮõѡ, ǺZݸͲǸӣƾı£ҪȢʲôĹȢ
˵̲²Z뷨źͨ˵뷨Ͳһ
ͻȻ֮ǰ, ȻæȻ˵ҪȢоZһʱZȻ˳ڴ棬Zа취Z뷨ȥ
оZܿ͸һͺǡ, ͺڳý
Zôôģ
ѵŵ˺ܶ鶼ʦͨ
㡣Ϊ͸õĺ, ҵһμ㣬Ͷһ顣
ָԼ, ZС𣿻һ飿  
һôΪֵز
֮˵ʲôŵġ
಻νҶһ顣
, Z⻰˵ģûа취ˡ
ң֪Ϊʲô, Zڿȸո˺ܶ࣬˵ʲôZɵĻ
û˵ʲôɣ
Ͳ֪ԼʲôZôɡ
ԾͲȥˡ
鷳ĺãûз£鷳Ķȥˡ
Zֱ鷳չյı飬֪˵˰ĸ⣬ֱˡ
Z֪ΧƸĻ˵ȥҪȻǾͲҪ˵ˣշ
Zһ𻶻ϲϲļԺӡ
ֻǺ˵Щ£ոպ˼ִҴҵ˽
ӣ
Z
ƽܻῴɫôձ˲ῴʱ
Ҳûа취ӣʵǲˡ
ȻŲʱӺͷˡ
ӵˡ
ʱӣλˣ
ǡ
ΪһҪң
ӿ˵ˣ˵ѺͿȥͺһ޶ϵ
˵ʲôܼˣѺͿͻ
˵ǽһң֪˻ΪѾˮ֮ˡ
Zϣ͵鵱У²һָþûˣһϸҪǲ֣ЩԲԼ
˾ͺá
һĻᣬǱŮ˸ˡ
ZֻܸԼǧżշԺеʱһ
ZĿ߳ȥ

Z̾һ
ӡ
˵غʹĹȥţҪ÷˱۸ˡ
ǡ
ӷɿ˳ȥ֮󣬶ضһص˵ͷ
ɵǴǡÿӺһҧ´뿪֮󣬴Ĳߣأʲô
ΪһλˣӸոû㣬ңȥ㣬ۼҹǧ۸ˡ
¶Цݣȵص֣ۼҹﻹܱ۸үС˹
ҹʲôʱԹ
Ҳǵ˵ͷȷǹȥҲף
˵Ҳǡ
أأһȥ
ЦҡҡͷһǲȥˣΪ׺񣬻ȥȽϺʡ
ĵûʲôϾƽ
ߵʱ򻹲أأչ˺ùСڣСһʼĥˣϸЩǧҪҧ˶
İɡ
СȥޱĺȲ衣
ĬĬߵƳһ۴ģŷ˲豭ķ˵˵ѾˣֻһС£÷εҪҡ
С£
ķ˼ôС£ԹûиĸڶӳסĹZϱǵȰZȻһȥϱɾͲҪˡ
ˣˡð๫ʲô˰˵Щ
˵Ļᣬ˵ЩѺͿ˵ҿ϶ţʲôˣZĳҲǳˡҿZĳԲʲôϵûϵûаֹϵ
ҲZǰ;ŻңҸ˵ˣZĳ㲻ϣײû˻˵ZТѺͿӦ֪ѺͿΪʲôǰɡ
ѺͿЩ£˭֪أ
ճӱӡ
ȻZĸĲԣľѳۣڵѺͿҽȥ
޸һλи֮˲㡣
ǻZĸ׶˹ְ
ĶĲ䲻ͣҪǸٶ˹ְֻͷϵĿԺӲû
ԣѺͿҽZƼˣƼ˶˭ûкô
ҲԣZĺôࡣ
ˣ֪ѺͿΪҪ˻ˮ
֣̫û˼
Ϳͣ
Ϳ͵Ļһ˵תߡ
ĵļЦϣˣҼҹ뿪

¶԰
˼ȢŵϱڳǰΨΨŵŵʲô£أ
ָıˡ
Щ߰ɣҼҹ˵ЩûҪߣҼҹүǹͲԼ߳ȥˡ
ǴĺٻǴѺͿʱZ˵ֻҪҷ˵ˣ˳ȥ
˵Լҹ˵ͿѾˡ
δ˶⵽ᡣ
ͬڵλһ
ԴȻкɫ
ָŴĿ𣬡㲻ˣҲҶָʹ
λˣȻֻū澣ֻҼҹū澣ҼҹǰκˡĶ˶٣˵˵һ󲻾ĻǵʥϣҲὫҵӡ
ˣԼ뿪ҾҪǿд뿪ˣ
㡭
ķ˵ǽìͷָʲôӾͽ̵ʲôū澣ؼСĹ˵ŮͷҲҰģûмҽ̣
ŭˣ˵Եǲ˵ҹ
ںλ˼ۺû塣
˵Ĳûʲô£ū澻ҪȥźͲˡ
ߵſڣڹսǿ͵͵עӣ߹ȥӶһ
ۣ֮Ĺģұ֤һ񡣡
΢ЦվһεĹսǣۿλ˱˹˳ȥ
Ȼ·ϣλ˴һյʱ䣬ͻȻ͵Ǯ׷һͬȻ֪ӵʲôط
ߡ
˵ҹĻкùӳԣ
ǳ˵Σ
ľͻȥZZӵ֮󣬵ǲô⡣
˽ӵʲôطˣ
˽ӵ˼ſڡ
Zҡҡͷ
Ӳ⣿
ZĿ˵ԺٿŮˣֱӵСӾͿˡ
Ӿøոչƺ˵ţǺܿ͸˴ʡ
ԺֻҪ۸˵ˣԺݺݵĻȥˡ

 51 

ԭΪһλ, ͻƽƽ, û뵽, ڶˡ
ֻZûߡ
Ϊм£Z˾ͽZйȥˡ
һڼңڿ˱ˡ
, ʱһ£ô
²ѾϽŮ
ȻæլȻ˼
û˵ʲô£ǲ
ȻҪ
ҲǶƽˣܲܲ档
굽ƫɡ
˳һ²ͣĵС, ˿СڣǧЩ˱˺ˡ
Сһϲĥ, һʱע⣬ָʲô˺ˡ
ȻZж, Сôۡ
ߵʱ򣬻һСڵĶ䣬̾һ, Z˵˫㿴, ûٳԣôء
үҲ˵ˣֹʱжгͳԵûϵӣҲͦɰ𣿡
Ǻܿɰ
·úߣһһģҪΪȷʵǺڵģΪӡ
ˡȻоСڣȥꡣ
ȥƫַ֮䣬ֲ̫߬ӡ
⸱ģݱҴ֮Ҳûеġ
㡭ڹú𣿡
̲סʡ
һʣͺһ˳
ɾϡﻩĿ˳ȴһֶ˵
ãС̧ͷһ
ڶƽʱֱòͬˣøƯš
ȻֻҪҪӣ˾ÿָ
һΪʵͷΪû޸ѡZʱڰϲȴϲЦ
޵˲ǹĹӣֻһλӣҲһĺܺá
ʱʲôӸͲǼ˵ı׼
ٸһѡĻᣬͲѡˡ
ڵ·Ѿߵֻһ·ܵˡ
˼ˣ̧ͷҹúܺá
Ǿͺá
겻˵Ҳȥʡ
ÿ˶Լ·ϱӹúҸòãⱲߵƺһڤڤ֮춨
ʲô£
Ȼúܺãǿ϶б˵
ǺĺܣҪ˵ʲô
Ҳƭ㣬Ӧ˷С
ң
˸˫ۣЩš
ôͻȻˣѺͿͨʲôҵˣ
ᣬǺѺͿûйϵ
ᣬʵҷ󡣡
˵ȴЩݣҷţҪ
Ŷһƾٿеľ˵Ǻ£ϾںԺûʲôˮ֣ôǺ֣
ŵĹٶˮ
ɹĴӲһвȱǮҪľǿЩ
ûбںԺڽˣһֻҪõ
ҪǸãʮҾƷԱ
ԱǨ£ʲôã
ʮֲ⣬լˣҲһ֪⣬ʲôöûУʲô
ȴЦһ£ʵĲ֪
ϡͿĻش㻰˼ѵӦ֪ʲô𣿡
̽ûи㡣
Цһ£ZĺţŵΪܹĺܺãһ˿˿õ¶֪
ʵҲûʰ
ְﲻʲôæ֪Zǳǿ󣬸ҪģֻҪZϺȾ͹ˡ
ǱͬڹٳѣÿһζᷢйϣһҲ
̽ͺԺѧʿĹϵǳãڶһѧʿֻҪ˵һ仰ҷںԺ
ˣZæ
ûֻҪ̽ҷҷͺ̽һϣԺֻҪ̽ķԸһհ졣
ЩţҲ˼µĺôͻ
漴˵£ҲZͬ˵ͬ⣬Ҳûа취ˡ
ţʵĿҹZǱZܾˣȻ²뵽߷·ߣ£һʱ俼ǵZ档
Ȼ꼱ˡ
ͰһæZһ̨𣿡
ҡҡͷȻ˵ZҪйĺ̨

 52 

޹, ֪ص֮ܵʲô, ϾЩº޹ء
֪, 겢û̻صȥ˶ƽ
ΪѾף׵̫̫ƽ˸˻
ȥҶƽˡ
һУû˸, ЩУȥҶƽ˸Ͳ¡
š
ľˡ
ģﶼ׼𣿡
һױһʴġ
ɵͷһ٣ֲZ͸ӣһǳŵĵ䡣
ǳ͡
ĿĶԣҪĵ̫Ư, ʻĲſ˵, ﶼǹү׼ģԲд
ͺá
ȻZ׼Ķ, ǾͲ
үأ
ʱûZǰҲûZ᲻һȥΪУһZܲһȥ
ү, һ˷͹һȥ
ԭ糿䰡
һֱ֪
͵Ц
Ƴһ, ֵ˵ЦЦҪһﻵǳҵĹ
ɱ˵ЦˣūûЦ˼
ⶼ˵ˣûǸ˼ƭ˭ء
ҲҵĴʶZô꣬Ȼ֪糿ϰߡ
ZѾϰָˡ
Zʱ;ܹ֡
һֱĳ̽ɻ
쵽ƽʱZ̲סˡ
ʲô
룬ƽﶼʲô
糿䣬˯ôأ
ںԺʱҲ춼ѧϰ
ԭ¡ZЦҿɲܸ㣬ҪԼ۲졣
~~ûָ˵
֪ZĶʲôˣ޷Ǿ취
ˣ˵£ˡ
֪Z΢˫ۣæܰֲĹӲʺϡ
׵ĵ˵ͷZ˵ǲʺϣǲܡ
˵Z԰˵æZѡˡ
Ҳ׳Ƶֲ
ZҪȨ·ˡ
ˣϺȡ
Z˵ʲôץס֣һ³
޷ZʵΪʲôҪץҵ֣
ҪȥˣЩš
ɲţʵ۵ʱ򶼲£ҵôˣôţ
˵Ϲ۾գһ¡
ⲻһ
ôһZû˵Ҳûʡ
ֻڼƽʱֶƽZ֮ĳĹϵȴ˵Ĺϵʲô
̫̫˵Сŵ̫̫ߣĸ⼸չû𣿡
á̫̫˵ݹúãҾ͸ˡ
һĴںʱ򶼺á
ЩZҲ࣬Ů޹ȥԿ࣬ڿֵȫûбҪ
ǰZȢôĳ棬˼ҾͿˣλŮǸز¶ˡ
⵹ġ
Z⽫Ȣŵһ̿ʼZȫҾûвŵıҪˡ
Zȷ
˵ZǱ߿һۡ
Z״۵Сۣ˭Ҳ˵˭Ҳ˭͸ɰͰͿŶԷ
̫̫סǡĸһȥ˵˵
ǡ
㲻Z֮ദֻ۲Ĳ̫̫һȥ˵
̫̫ץֲϷſһֱĺòãûб۸
ĸҪһܡ
ĸһZ̫̫
̫̫ȵ˵
ô
ֲZԵõ֧֣֧ôĲҵԭӡ
ǳڸ

̫̫ҡͷûڵ̾
գգۣĸһ£ΪʲôҪ̾ģ
Ǻ£ɶ˵δǺ¡
Ϊʲô
ûĸ˵
ĸ˵ұΪZֻͨĺӣټĺZ飬ֻѧһЩܼҵı£֮鶼û㡣û뵽ZȻӣڸѧˡ
ðɡ
ڼʱǲμӲϾվŵģǸʱ򶼰Ĳвеģ˵ڻҪԼ׼ˡ
˰æõ׼ʲô
Ĵ壬ôõԶ֣
Զ֣ҲѧᡣȻڼʱ󻹸ְ𣿡
ĸЩҲҷˡ
ѧˣ֪ĸľ϶Ϊá
ԡ
̫̫ɵĺӡ
ղ̫̫§ڻıոˣұ˵ûӦøѣˡ

 53 

, Ȼ뵽˶ƽ, ҶƽҲû, ƽȻͣƽ˵Ļ
ĸʵˡ
̫̫üѿڶʵ
ͽԵɸ̫̫
̫̫ŭֱ, ˵ôȥ㣿
ZŸոںԺվȽŸǸƷСٶѣжı¡
жı֪ܲ
ƽţZվţƽֵĺǳ
֪ˡθҪ㵱ͽܡͲмʦǰҴţʲô˵
ZĵȻˡ
֪ƽ֪Ҫʦ֮϶ķӦ, û˵ʱ򣬱ܾǡ
˵Z, ʦҪףԲְһλʦ
˵, ƽZ¶һЦȻ˵ģҾͲˡ
ZòԶƽ˽⣬˵û, ƽû
ɫÿֻΪƽıŮȢؼˣԲŵ
, СҪ͸
Zóɱﵣһ
ƽϲμǼ򵥴ġ
ΪƽˮƽܸߣҲΪƽֻ͵ǳǿZó֮󣬶ƽ۾ֱˡ
ȫ˲ϼZȫȻͻ֮С
ǻʥĻСӣȻֻŪˡ
ʲô
ƽʾʲô֪
ZԷЦֻҪ˽ϲãʲôѶڻ¡
Z㶨ͶƽڻػƷ̸һת۾͵˳Էʱ
̫̫һһԷֻǷŮӡ
ƽZ˷ǳǢĳǰĿ⾪ȵϣZĵĶգ۾
ûŪZգôһ۾ʲô˼
ʣƽ˵Z㵽š
ӵʣôͱ˵ĵһ
˵ҪһŮҲôɣ
Ƕһ
˵ǽ㿴ZϷˣҲһһ㶵ġ
תۼ䣬ֶͨˣ˽˵ʲô˭֪ⲢŮӡ
ԣ˶˶ƽZ̬ȣԭZ²̨ˣЪ˼
ZϾǶƽŮƽںˣЩ˵Zʲô˵Z˺ԺθϵѧӱŰˡǱײˣŻпӵҪȥZ鷳
ΪƽZ̬ȣZ֮˺ܶҪ
ܻбȵˣô˵ĳϣ˵˲Ǻܸ˵Ļ
˵ɨ˻ֻꡣ
˵żҹò
΢ЦӦţҺZõȷܺá
˵ʱ¶Ҹװĳ
һĽ
˵ţùҸ㲻ǵȥס𣿡
׻ڣͷּˣ˵ȥ
һ˿϶ڿĵʱ˵仰
Ҵ˻֪ڽסһѺͿͰ˳
꽫˵֮󣬾̫̫΢΢һ㶣еʵ˵Ļģ
ġ
֪סԾ˵˳Ƿ߳ȥġ
û˵ʲô
̫̫ĵץ֡
ץЩۣȴҶ
ѺͿû˵ʲô
̫̫ŷЩʱ̲ס˵ѺͿ˵ʲô˵ѺͿʱ̽ʹŷܵԶԶˡһ䲻ͬĻ˵

̫̫ˡ
ӲͷƤͷ
ȷʵˡ
Zһ˳µѹ˵˵Zºûйϵ˭ţ
⡭
ʵ̫Ӧá
̫̫ҪѵĻʼձɤã˵Ķסأ
˽Ƭط
ʵشһϷʵЦ죬͵ķȥסĵطǵطҵĺܣúԺ̽ס˶Ѷȥò˵ء
Ƴһ꣬Ƶĵ˻ȥ
֣ǰһ컹취һͱһӡ
ѵ˵Ѿҵ˰æ
ˣӸͲæԶȻ˰
ѵѺͿ
ѺͿûбҪֳר뿪ŵ£²̨
סŲŵ˺١ǸطZܱ𾴡
Ǹطʶֶ˲٣й˲࣬Ȼֻסһ죬˵ˣܶ˶ҪZʦ
ĸҺZĺܺãõġ


 54 

̫̫ԼҸ, ˵Էɡ
ָֻƽ, ڶƽ, ֻҪ̫̫£ͶǴ¡ 
Zȥ̫̫⣬ôô˵, ûá
һʲô˵ˡ
ĻȥϣνĳҲû塣
극ۿʱ䲻, Zȥ
֮ǰ̫̫, ZǵӣÿЩZӲǡ
ĸ, ҺZûҲúܺá
﷢֪࣬ӦôĸͣZȻЩ飬Щ黹֧ܹһZӵľ
ֻܡ
̫̫ôῴڷܣ
İ, ˵ͨϱӾͲҪӣᶽZѧϰ, Ҫݡеĵճӣͨһ𣿡
ĸ֪ˡǵͶС
Ҫ֪ĸZĸķӦ϶һֶ˵
ΪĸᵣZİȫõĸֻ뵽Zĺ
Сˡʮͼ޸游ˣʮʱ򣬵һӶˡ
޻˵ĸ˵ǴŮ˵䣬ؼ̫С˰
ʮǰйһս˲٣Գ͢һֱڹѸټޣҪǳʮ껹ûˣҪһʷѾˡ
ԣʮʱ򶼵ˣǾʣ˵ڻûĵĽԼZ㽫һ죬ķĵĽһȫиZҲôҪӡ
ͨ׵˵ԼǸأôӣ
ZҲż
ܵӦ̫̫ͺZ
ϣ˴ָ˺촽ƤҾѺͿƺҪԸ㡣

ZƤûһ£ڼ˵
ȻѺͿǸͨңϾŸͷʹʹӻпܵġ
Zһ龫µĹ𻨸⡣

˰ľŽ𻨸ȥԹĵZһۣһû˵أôͲ˵ˣ
⡣
Zתͷ۾գգ۾ĵͷʾԼZ⡣
վڸ̨֮ϵʱ㻹ںվ𣿡
һЦҿָߣҿ
ˣشҡ
ZϲЦ˵¶ʱ
Ҳ˵˵ˣɤӣ˵վ۷ʱҵȻῴˣûվ۷塣
ȻZϱӵĵλȷܸߣɱϾⱲӻûгɳǸز
һ£ǻؼ֮ڶ˵
ʲôܵ£˺ģѲ㻹ʲôĻӣ
žણһ죬ԼԴϣZѡϵˡ

Եһ£ۡ
ŶZȫûʶԼĴֻ˳Ļ˵ʹβɭϣǻʵԼѻӸͳȥ򣬾ûܽӴʹ

Ȼ֮ˣϷﶼƭ˵ġ
ZҲӲʲôĻӡ
ҵĶͨˡ
ʲôݣͲɱķʽסӵˡ
˼ңҪӾɫæܵZߣӣүˡ
ô
һǳõZȫͻȻZԣ˵£Ȼȥ
á
Zס֣Ҫ˵£ͺλүйأȥҲá
˵գɵͬͬ⣬ʹȥ
Щɻ󣬸żֺ棬֪ıү˭ҴZƺZĵԴ
һͿһλĺǾµ꣬ZС꣬ZǺZкʵλһֱ˵СɩӰɣ
Сɩӣá
ZƳһ꣬Աߣ˵ɩӾɩӣʲôСɩӣ㲻ʵʵڻʹţܵʲô
СɩӰ
Ƶգգ۾ƺĺ˵һ򵥡
Zû£Ҿȥʱ䳤˲á
𰡡꼤ˣ㡣
˵֮ZŸܣұܣ̫֮λĴӡ

ĺͿˣıܣ˵δĸһλǳĽãôᱻƵɱĵز
Z̾˿࣬Ǳߵġ

 55 

Լݾ͹, ZĸôĻҪ棿
¼ĵùºȫZĸ̯ˡ
СƳһZ, , 磬ǲӦһҪ£ܲ˻ȥ˵
ZûƳСһۣȻСӲǣ˵, ʵĸҲʲôҹ㣬ֻͨˣֻ˵á
Z˶٣˵һֱá
ŵ˵ͷȷʵ̫á
ɲԣȻǱģô֪λһ۶Ƕ˹, ıүô֪ڻʹ
ĸҵҡZ뵽ʲôһ, Ц˵ĸһһֱûзѰĸ±֮, мʢ裬ҵҡҹֵļꡣ
ûѹҲᳰЦûûĺӣϧþ
ʥÿȥҲ, ĸˣһССܡ
֮Z˵Zú, ƳһۺZһСӣ˵๫õġ
ˣΪʲôZϱӻΪµ۵ĸԭǱֵܡ
ZѡΣյȥ߾С·ҲΪıܡ
Ҳ̸ֵܶ飬ˡ
òĺСӵȴ֮ĸµ֪֮Ӧ໥εİɣȻZôܻΪ˱ðΣȥ߹ء
ϱӵZµ۵ǻ֮һޣ֪ʱZǲǵλZǸλʱͼ޸ǰӡ
˦˦ͷЩ߰ĶʲôһвǶȥ𣿲ҪΪһС¾ͱ
˿ZıܸϻλȻϱӿԣⱲûɲɹ
Ȼʶһ£Լ
Z׵ӮңƺûʲôѵZ顣
ԽԽû˼ˡ
˳Ծ˯ҪԺߣȥ䡣
δҪǮǮҪλеλȫܶʲô
˵մZĹ⣿
һҵԴͻȻ뱻һͰˮһ˲侪ѡ
ôZţҪˣ
˵õĿ˱Ϊ£Ҳƺˡ
УʲôȱҾԲܷϵ
»һε˿ûⱲҪԵùӵģ෴ΪϱӲ˵£һֱֱ˶ȺҵĸоȷZǰ;ǳ֮
ҾԲܱ
ͻȻ֮䣬ߵװ˱Ĺǰ˹ӣӹ˱֮óһ
ͱ̸̸ҹZصңӳеľСҹսķǳԣûZ
ZɫĶ棬˱ǳɵĿš
һֱûпһֱܾ
ֱ˱꣬෢ļ
һ̧ͷǰһ˫Ѫ۾ֱĶZ
ףˡ
ľһ
Zޱĵ˵ͷָָɫ㿴
ҿʲô
˳Zָ֣ŵķ򣬳˼֮⣬ʲôûС
˱ѾԼԺû뵽Zʵɫ
Z̾һɷ˵İ˴
ʱѹ
Ŷ
ĵ˵ͷʱ˾͹£ֲǶ
ɵɵԴ˱ϼǵˣ񿺷ܣǲӦ˯ʱˡ
Z̲סѣϢˡ
𣿡
ʶʱ䵽ˣ˯
ȥϴһϴ
ʱȻûϴ
ңĺضȥ˯ˣֻԼִˮ
ãʱЩˮ
ʰһڴϣڴ֮ܵĸ˯ž
ȥ˺þãڵϵZε˫ۣûоĿ˵˯ţ
š
һ㶼˯ţȻ˵Zҽ°ɡ
Сʱ򿴵˯žʱ򣬶ƽ˾ͻ꽲£ǸʱĽϧﲻ£ֻZ
֪˯žʱʲôо
Z˸úЦڱǰװװȡͬǰһмװ˯žʱˡ
ǸòײŵĻᣬZɲ˼ã˵Ҹ£ʲôرң
Ҫر
һ
û˯ˡ
ҹĶ㿴ر𣿡
ھӸ۾գĶZ
۾ںڰһһģЩˡ
ʱ˿̣ZҲûǸΥĵ˵ˣֻÿ˵£Ҹ㽲¡
Ŵ˸Ƿ۽Ǽᣬڴϱ۾Z¡
˰죬ûκﲻסˣ۾ҪZڸʲô
ֻZüëľһƺŬʲô¡
̲ס˵Z磬ûйµĻͲҪԼˣҲˡ
Zȴ˿˼
ϴξʹӦҪ£Ҳʳԡ
Ŭ룬ȱ˯
ð
۾ZĹ£ŵСʱ˯ȻˣZȴԽԽ
˯
۾Zѡ
˲۾ԼţҲ˯
ȻŬ۾һС۾֧Ųסˡ
ոձϣ߾Z
û˯
ԼǳԲZZڲ˯ĸ£Լȴˡ
УԲ˯ô˵ҲҪZӣZ֮˯Ŷԡ
ǿƤ
ǿгſƤͲһ˯ˣZûܷ˯ˣŹ¡
ֱϿȥ
᲻ϸСҹļžZյķ˸ûн

ZҲ۾ֵZ˯ˡ
Ҫ£ʫˣ벻ʲô¿ɽ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôô¡
ӦֵµȥռȤĹˡ
Ժ˵£˯žҲ˯ž
˭˭ZѾŪˡ
ڶգÿĶǳZȻıҪ
෢͵ͷZڴߵȻԼЩͿΪʲôῴոմӴ
ôˣ
һοZո˯ѵӣû뵽ǰ˾ZڸոʱȻҲϡͿʱ
⸱ģZʵ̲סЦˡ
Z磬Ѿʱء

 56 

һ˯, ZƤʳǽҪ, ǰҲǳŲסˡ
Z֮ǰ, ڿǺã֮ѹ˯ŵӡ
ò׿Z˯ŵӣܷŹ, Ц˵Z磬ո˯ŵʱʹˡ
һȻҲʹӡ
ZոյӣЦúϲ£졣
ZȴԽԽڣ˯һֱܹأôʹӣ
϶ΪЦ˵Ļ
û, ֪ZѾո˵ĻԶ˼ٻ˵Z, £緹ûó, ܵóЩİɡ
ҴԵĶٷ
мгԵĵʱ䣬Ҳ
˴緹ʱ䣬ûʱֻܳЩĵˡ
ZĻ, ĬĬ£˸Ƿû˯, Ҳһķ
Ƿ۽׹ᣬ˶ʵģZ˵ԺҲ˯ˡ
ģ
ZµĶ˶١
ͷұ֤ԺԲ˯ˡ
ҪǵԼ˵Ļʳԡ
ʳԺҲ˱ˡ
Zһԡ
ZŹֵĿһۣͦ壬׳ƣô㲻ҵĻ
š
ȷִܵZ˵
֮ƲƲ죬Zô
ⲻ֪Zʱ˯˲һ뵱Ϊܹѧһ㣬ﵽܣÿ޲úҹ˯
֪ʱ˯Ƿǳģһ鵽ʱ˯ĸоһеڶΣעҪʳԶʡ
ZԼҲ˵ʲô
ֻǴӴ
ZѾ·
ȹڱﴩ𣿡
ZǺ棬ôɿ촩·ģ
ͷ˵ҵСܣܲŶ
ZһЩġ
ڳԵĵʱרĳԣZԵȴ̵ġ
оӦһ𡣡
ΪΣ
Zոպһڲ裬еѹȥ
˵ôһ˵Ļ
һԶ
ᰡ
ǰĵĻûг꣬һڽһڵĳţòȥϷZ㿴ϲģϲ̵ģͲԸ
Ӧ̵ĺķǳ䣬Ļ᲻ú壿ǲҪһһ𣬲ŻóԵĸ࣬óԣ
Z˵ⷬȻ޷
Zһ̵ķζЩ
ɵɵĳȥȻ֣뷨ֱZˡ
װԶǸոһ̵ȥԼܳˡ
Zûһڶ
ԱĽζǳԣһһҲνˡ
ǳ꣬ZZ֮ɫæˡ
һϣŶӡ
һͿһֻŶӣһֻקԼ
ôˣ
û¡
ɲ˼˵ԼһСľͳԶˡ
ɿ˿ģŴĵ°ͣͻȻʵģ㿴ҵǲˣ
ĺĶ˺óʱ䣬˵⼸ûʲô仯ֻյһЩ

Ȼˡ
æ˵յһЩ֮⣬ĵطûб仯
̾һ˵ˡϸ忴ȻʲôɼȻϳ˱ĵطܲԺ󲻳ôˡ
ͻȻʲôһԴ˵ȥZĵ̿
ǣūȥ
ˡ
֣ȥ

ľò˵ò״˳˵ȥɡ
·⼸ԶԳķȥ
˵ţһѾ̤˷š
Σֻܸһ߳ȥ
Ҳһ·ȥ֡
뵱ѾߵʱҲųȥ˸׼
ЩνŮǸǮ˼ҵС׼ģҪǴﳤĹ˭ôںŮ
Ҫ˵Сû˼Ŷɡ
ã˵ڼ嶼ˣǰô·
ﻹʱ£
ЩɻӹΪĹ֮Źֻӱ˵˹ǰʲôӣȴԼ˵
ô᲻ǵãúЦѵΪ˺ӾҪǰӸ𣿲ܰ
Ͽöûпľ⡣
ԭԼҹﲢһֻųԺ֡
˵Ϳʼźˣū澻硣ôὫЩ¸ֻڵ׹òãҵעҲܺǼƽϣֻҪǲңҲȥǡ
գһķıӡ
ҲǿĿж٣ƺƹĸɲɻ̬Ⱥò֮⡣
ҲǽͷѵʱͻȻ׵¡
ô˱ͿZҲһһȥϾ˷ǰġ
ÿ꽫˱òͬ˷˾ͺˡ
ĶǶˣȥ𣿡
ʲôõģ
īֽ
⣬ûв˽ĵ
οոջŮ˽ȥ
ֻĲǺܺãƺ׾ݵӡ
Ƕ˽ȥƵǼֲ֣æǰʵλҪʲô
㿴㲻ùǡ
û
ƵҲǣתͷȥڷŶˡ
ʱ֮ǰλҵ˻ƣλСһ£˵ֽ
Сһ£òĿڣǾֻǲֽˣλӦǸĶֽɡ
ǰȻ̸ܽոսÑأ˵ܹ󣬲֪ܲõ𡣡
ģֽܱˡ
˵ţСƴóһֽ
ĬĬĿţŮ˽ԼеͭǮ˳һֽ
ЩᣬЩʹЩĪĺޡ
֪ô˵
ĸף˲䱻֮Ϊĸף䡣
ɼ㲻䣬ʲôأ
ﵽ׻ѪԵϵԶûа취ı䡣
λɩһ¡
֪Ϳˡ
˼úãŸ˵ķ٣ͷϻһӣЩ
λˣ£
ҡ룬Щ֪Լ˵ʲôֻǸоĸ׺ܺã죬ȴֻǽ˻ƣλһķı͸ġ
ʹá
ķıλ˵󣬿˵Ĺˡ
áЦ˵ûĶӺãĽΪĸףϣܳɲš
ⷬﰵʲô˼
Ѷƽ˵
Ȼǰ˵Լû
˵ĸĽ͸һķı
Լҹﻹͦõˡ
ģľûбԼҹõˡ
ԼҹôίȻסⲻһĴʲô


 57 

ӵ߳, Լߵ·, á
Լϵķ, ͻȻԴ˵ò׳һΣȥκ
ǻǸϿȥɡ
СȰ˵
Ե, ôܹܵס
òһȥκ
ģ㿴Ҵô
˷ָܵһ˶ȥδŮʲô˶С
ľѣǻһҴɡôܺЩ߰˻һ𣿡
ʲôݣƽһ
ŴһҴκȤǶһȤ˽ǹȥĹ, Ȥˡ
ĸֲֻøһδ
δ, ͺʹϵ̸
˼Ը, Ͷ
뵱꣬ҲսƴɱˡȻһëǰǰﷸ߾Ӹ˻ȥˬ
˼ң߹𣿡
Z, ֪߹ʲôӵġ
డ
˻䣬һͰ͵ϳʹȴֵɫÿһˮж, սƴ㶼֪ʲôʱ͵ȥ
Ұһ죬ϵ̴ӣ̴ֽ˵̣ĳһڣ˵ǸʱҲǿİܸһ£һÿôɱˡ
ԺѾֳZųǹɱ˵ĳ档
һһѳǹսɱеĻʵ̫Цˡ
סˡ
˼˵Ĺµʱ򣬱ֵĺ
ϣ
ͻȻ
˼ҵ̸ӺݺݵĴһԼһݡ
ô£
վܣĽŵĻס
һʱ䣬Ĳҡҡͷûʲô¡
ԡôһҴӦͻȻôĻζȥôҿ㽫ϣֱͬѹкҳе
Ǿòԣ˵ʲôطԡ
֮δȻǺõġ
ʼʱδϴԸӿٶȣǵó֮󣬺ܸ˵ļӿٶȡ
ٶԽԽ죬δϵĿҲ˲Ծ
⴬ôԽԽ죡Щ
δ˶ǻǮҪΧɫˣ̫ʲôɫȻ⡣
ϴȻԸԼָ𣬽ĸ˳ȥ
վֱͦĻشҼҹһγ˴δˡλճ˴ķҼҹȫˣλԭ¡
˵ţóһӽҡ
£ĲһѶͷϲڵĺ
һ£ľԼ츳Ȼɵķǳá
ⴺĽ°ͷϡ
ֻΪҼʹӿٶȣҲģܾʲô⡣
ͻȻ䣬˳ŵĴУˣ©ˮˣ
ʲô
ļˣ׷״ߴٴҿЩ
һĵǸ졣
ֻǴղˮˣЩҪɢơ
ˡ
Ŀˡ
ʱ򶨣ץס˵ˮҲᶪ
Ƕ˰
ĶˣͲӦɹô˵ĴӦý²Ŷԡ
ˮУá
Цһ£ͻȻ£˭ܸı䣬Ϊͻ¼ѵ˵Ҳظ
ֱЦ
ο˭ʶң˰ˮϢ˳ȥҵҪлء
ʱͱЦˡ
Ŀˣôʱ˼˵Щ
û㿪Ц
˿ںѾŲӵˮʮĶԴ˵룬ûʶңˮϢȥǸˣɲף
סˣ˵ĺе
ΪʲôܾЩط̫Ծ
ˣ취ùϰ
ϵСֻѾ˸ˣľǸū澣ȴǸߣνСұҪū澣ȥЩλãʵ
ΪԼҹһҧһģҪȥ
Ȼǰȱжˣͷһԭסȥλá
á
λûˮء
֪ôʹĽͣȻ俴һҴ˹
Դ˵ģ𼱣оˡ

ʱҲҴ˻ͦġ
ǲǹү𣿡
ǰ
΢΢һ˿ǱZȡ
ʵˮûʲôˣZͻȻߵĸоĲһһ֡
˱ĸо
ޣҲЦ

 58 

Z
Z˸
ոսZ, ͷZڡ
ڵĶԵǧŮ
ˣ
ߵZ, С˵
˭, ZûһۣͲ
ֻǰ顣
죬ZǰŪҡ
Zĺÿ, ƽʱҲЦеӣЩˡ
ץZӣ˵ԺҲˡ

Zļܲס
˵˵ǵڼˡ
ûΰɡ
˴ӣĲǵˡ
Լ߳ȥ
СôˣҲûʲô
ѵܲҳȥ
û˵ȥ
˵ģƺҲûʲô
Ҫ, ˵ԼҲܲˡ
ֻȥʱӦöЩˡ֤İȫ
ⲻҲû뵽𣿡
˦, Ȼ֮뵽һ£˵ѵǳģ
Z̧ۿ
˵أ
úЦ, û޸ʱû˽Թ޸ż죬Ҳܺ˽Թ
ôеû²𴬣
˵ĵ, ־Ͳôºˡ
û˵ĳ־Ǻº͡
˽ǵģ˲Ҳ˲Z, ֪һиʲô
ǵ˭
СZһĶͷúһ룬ڹʱѵûеˣ
СüͷԼ˲ˣôʱ˺ң
µӸͲǳصġ
Zҡҡͷ̾һҵСӣһ㶼¡ˡ
ʲô
Ȼˣľˡ
Ȼкˡк֮ѵӦĵ̥𣿡
ĸ㲻ΪʲôҪˮҵ뵽һˣѵѺͿˣ
㱿
ZûԹϱ
ѺͿѺͿΪа֮ɹܽ㡣ԾͶְæˡ
ԭ
ܸˣúõδôͻȻˡ
ߡ
һָͷø֨֨죬ұŹû뵽ǶҶˡҪǻӣҾͲ
ģģ
ZһץסȵȡҪȥꡣ
ȷ˵仰
ͷ
Ȼ
Ȼÿڹʲôӡ
ȥ
Zϴķǳͨȹ
һ£ôˣӣ궼𡣡
ȻţΪȹͨͨ
ʵZ׼ӣʹܳǶ
겻ϵá
Z˵һʵ
ϴӣڴʶ˲࣬ڽҹС
ֻðסھȥ˼Ǻðɣȥ
æZǧӦңܲ֡
֪Z֮»ʲôӡ
Zֶαˡ
ѺͿһ֪
áҲ֡
ZһͷͷƯ
Ūҵͷ
ȻͷûʲôZŸоֵֹġ
ʱZȴÿͰͣͷ𣿡
Ҳǡ
Ҳ֪ô˵ʵ๫˵ȻʲôطʲôطץҵͷԵ㲻˾ˡ
һ˵Ϲ
ʵΪZץͷŪֱ
ƫƫأ
Zʼˣåˡ
ץͷôԵò˾ˣ
ҪҽҲôҡ
Z磬ק
קˡ
Ҳ֪ZôˣƫƫͷȤ
Ŀ֮ȴǲקˣһͷZ
Ϊֵֹֹĸо˵Z磬ǻؼҰɡ
ȥˣ
ZЦ۾
æĵͷ
ؼһؼҡ
á
ZһһЩָĸ̾ϵȷʵˡ
ߣ
˵ͱ˵
ˡ
˵һû˵
ڶһ磬ʱZͲˡ
ھͲڡ
ֹһ䣬ģɴóȥš
ãֻ꿴
ź챦ʯĽ˵úͶƽһĿ֮¶ӣ
ڣڹĻȲ衣
ĺһ֮󣬶Դ˵ˮѵôˣ
ϾҴҵ̫ˣ
ЦˣԽԽ˵ˡ

 59 

ҪˮСѾͣס˶
λѵ, Ϊӭ, ԲŻһֱˮ
һ˱뿪, λߣʼҹ
ܼͨҵ
ƫƫſˮСѾͷ, СѾͷ˰֣СѾߣ㡣
ʡ
СѾ߲ԸȥҲùȥ˵Ѿûйء
˵ôĲ⣬, ЩѾ߸ûʸ˵
СѾ߲ͷӵҲգֻʵ, һʱôңô˵Ҳϵá
Ҳ˭, ȥӣһ֮ټˣôͱʾˣԺͶƽްϸ𡣡
˵óõ
в
в, û˸в
СѾ߻ˡ
ˣ꺦ɣ֪, Ͳ
͹
ҲǴˣϾǰ;̽ɵķˣǶƽĵŮл˵ȥʵڲ
´СҲǸ͢٣Բµֻʣˡ
СѾתĻǹ˵ġ
ʲộ
˶Ǹ֪Ůĺӣʣһƽˡ
ƾŶƽZĹϵǺõĻǻģӲźùЩôúͶƽ˹ϵ
Ȼһӣˡ
ãôң
Ĵ˸ǷʾԼʵˣĿ˵˵ˣ㣬˳Щ

˵Ƿ滰
΢΢һЦ˵Ľҵ
ţһ꣬ûңϾĺӽҲҪһĸȻǲûʲôѪԵϵ
˵ԳЦһ£㻹׬ˡ
׬һƽŮ֣׬ôĽҲ˲е˼
ĽĲϷǰҼӣ治ģһƥҲҪϰ͸㵱
լţʲôö֪ˡ
꿴ЦԽԽǷںլʱ̫ãʲô֪
治Ҫ
ǵǲϵʱ򣬸Ʋۡ
ûĲϣɫǳڶƽʱûмôõĲϡ
ո˵ʲô
Լӣ
ZǸ
ôôõӣ
ףֿڣѾˣӦˡ
Ҫʲôˣ
Ȼ
ѵ֪δˣ
Ȼһ㡭һ£귢׵úЦŹɵ˵Ȼһ⸮е̥ʲôʱΪҪʲô
ЦòһλҪǰЩ˰ɡһԾŶȻ˵ǰˣǾˡֻҪ㲻ҳ֮ǵңҾͺ㿪ĵá
岻Ķʲô˼֪֪δ£
ЦݣԼһҪɣֲô֪δģ
ž֪У񣬽Żһ¡
ɫ˵ġڹúúõģ˺ӣûʱ߰¡
Ŷ
̫Ƥ𣿡
ΪʲôúõĹĺӣҪѺͿأ
˵ʲô
꼤Ĳָıӣô֪ѺͿϣ
˵ʱ˵Ūδˮ갡ֶ꣬ôԽԽСˣҼǵõ㻹ɱأֻһ
ž
ǽڱƵˡ
ôܣô֪
Ϊβ֪
·һߵ˵ǰ鿴ϣҿԼ̡ҳ֮ٸңҾͲĴˡ
һġ
мЦˣȻڶﻳ¹֣һڱһϣĵİĻ֪𣿡

˵
겻֪ôôֹܹĺլ˿˵仰ʵԡ
ҡ˵ֻ
ĵλվһ
ڲ˸ӣأһҪҪߡЩˡ
ԶֽɱˣֻҪ㹻ĵĳ룬Ͳᶯ
úŰɣ±ס㣬Ÿ˼
ԾԾԵӣȻŴŵĵᣬȻߣ
Уֵĵλû
ϡҲû뵽ֻ˵˼仰Ϳˡ
ûϢǰɲ
СѾߵʱ߹󰡡ͺϷķˡ
ڽ˸Сް
ҲˡΪˣҷŹ㡣
⻰޵ĸˡ
һҪұĸԸ𣿡
ѾôˣΪʲôҪĥ
ҡͷȶҶֵģֻǱѡɱߵڰףȺ˳򡣡
˴磬ҲˡҲ˵Щ߰ĻˣԼСİɡ
˹һͿĿԼҹΪʲôҪꣿ
Ϊʲô
Ц
е˳ôĿɰ
ɴĵ￴УֻԺĲ⣬ҪΪʲôҪߣ⻹Ƴ𣿡
Ȼ
ĵͷ
ģҸ㡣ҹү˾ͲܸߣܰѶָͲ֪ôˡ겻һڹϹӡӣʲô֪
Ҳˣз紵ݶͻɹ
ÿСӿɲù
߶Ƚţͻ˵ƢԽԽ꣬˻֮ƢͲãҪõµĳ谮ϼѡ
ԸլŮӣ檡õİ취ʧȴ๫ĳ谮û๫ĳ谮ʲôûˡ
ļƻܳ𣿡
ܾùƻرס
һƯİۣȻܳɡ겻ҹ˺⡣
ѵԹүͲں

ϸ룬ô˵أ
ҰҰ죬뵽ʲô˵ӦҺãͦˡҡҿҲѰٻɡϾ˵һεĻ֮٣ȻҪϧ

 60 

ϧ
, , ôϺƵ, ô򣿡
Ц£û˵ʲô
뷨ôء
߰ɡûؼˡ
˵ʲô
һεδ¼֮, ZҪһˣʹ˼ˣZ˵⼸˶Իȫ
˵һλء
߸˵ţҲиֻˡ
ݳ治ȡ
ίͰͣū澴ˣڳ˺öľ, һ㲼
ȫѹ͸鵽ˡ
ҴˣǵĴĹǸԭǴİӸŪˡлôġ
ͳܽϾ, 裬˴ıҲˡ
ոջȥ, ӻûȺ˽
ոڣѺͿˡ
ʲô¡
˸, ûµĻѺͿŲء
ޱĿڣ˵ѺͿˣҪȥչˡ
Ǻǡ
Ӳ, ɰͰ͵Ц
ϱѺͿһдĥ꣬ⱲӾȻ뵽һС
ȥϾѺͿĶϱˣϱĵȻȥТ
վȥҸйҵҪѺͿǲ
Ӧ£Ȼ뵽һ£ͷ˵ѺͿ˲Ҫ̫ҽǴȥп𣿡
ܲѺͿҵı£ֻҪȥҸоͺˡ
ҲĸѺͿβ
˸ǷȴİʱѾˡ
ū澸ҵھǵİС
ã͸ˡ
ƶЦֵѺͿ
ѺͿ˲ţû˵ʲôֻǷ˵͹ѵѺͿĲˣȻû˼
ŻȥѺͿԺӣɨһ֮󣬷˲ŲæøʲôڸʲôʱѾˡ
ѺͿװ׾
ѾǵѺͿ۸Сˡ
ߵſڣûŽȥһſڵѾߣˣ
Ѿ˯ˡ÷š
Ŷ
ϤѺͿֶεˣѺͿſš
ʵոճȥĻѺͿ϶ȻѡȻŭأʲô˵ķ䶼ҴȻ̵ء
ϧ
˿죬ϵ̫ء
һԲתߡ
ſѾߣҪߣϳסˣѺͿ𣿡
ͷѾһۣ˸Ƿ˵Сʱ۸ĺˣӹǶã̫յʱ䳤ˣε
˵Żס˶ͷĻķסַˡ
ǰ
ľͿ쵹ȥ
Ĳ͵ָСѾߣҼҹﶼˣ㻹ҪҼҹվţʲôģ
һʲô˵СѾߣķȥĿշ䡣
ȥ֮󣬴ȷûˣĵĶ˵û˿š
ˢһ۾Ĳ
εķӦܿ죬ϵļ޷졣
ѺͿΪſڰŸ˾Թ
Ҳ̫Сڵˡ
Ǵλô죿˼һء
ѺͿһͻ˼ҵ̫áİɡһ֮ѺͿû˽иͻȥ
ǡ
ûãžˡ
˴һۣͲˡ
ѺͿôܷŹ
֪϶ҡ
ɡ
Ŀڡ
ű򿪣ѺͿŮԭӦüˣȴԸѺͿߣͲȴѺͿˣڸ档
ǰǸӣҲѺͿھҪ֡
¹ùôˣ
΢΢֣¹ù¡
¹ùðҡͷ˵̣ȥ
ǲֻ˵¹ùãõʲô
ȻǷ纮
ˣҸպһλиβ纮֢֮ˡȥ
ɡ
¹ùðŵԽ̻ڿǰ̼ĺá
ҡҡͷɲɡ֪Ĳʲô̼˵ҵ岻ãʱĲûãǽһĲ˿

¹ùµĴɫйûʲôط
ǲ̼˵ҽڡ
¹ùã
ڶ¹ùòԸиҿ⡣̫ҽӦø˰ɣأ֪֪ôźҩˡ
¹ùû뵽ȻôѲ
˼ҵĶϱӦ
ô˵ʲôˣ
Ҫ
ĶŪȥ
Ϊ˰סŹװ
¹ùͻȻǿӲ̣̼ģǲҪŸˣ
ù˵Цˡ
һ㶼ź˺ܶ࣬ΪһͲأźҲҪˡǿЩҴиĲˣϱһڴǰ˲赹ˮ
Ǻġ
¹ùúȻЩ䡣
Ϊʲôβ
¹ùã㵽òҴѺͿ
⡭
¹ùҧҧֻõͷá
תˣȴǺѺͿԲߡ
ݺݵҧס˴۵Ĵҧķףüͷšһ𣬡ģҾú֣ѺͿƺ
Ƕĥϱʲô˸ѺͿ뽫µ
סʲôã
ѺͿZû͸ȥĵطǿԺӡ
ѺͿҪʲôö֪
ѺͿסһʱ̲£һ˲עȥһˣؼ￴ǲZǱ߳ʲô¡ҲӾء

 61 

ʱֻĻ, Ȼûзʵ˾ȻƽĬĬŵء
ѺͿ, ѺͿɫڴ, Դ˵нʲô
ǡ
нһֱѺͿǽһӷѺͿ, ǳ
һջ֡
šʣû°ɣ
ûʲô¡üǼһ˹ȥ
ʵֻ΢΢Щϻ𣬵֪һЩŵȻװ͵ðװ˵Ĺ˵
ĵЦˣΪѺͿͳ¹ùʲô, ԭŪһġ
лİѸ
ߵʱƺǺ⣬ԺЩССֲҪ, ôಡ˵ء
У, ѺͿˡ
֮󣬿ٵܻظУûҵӣ
ؼ, Ȼһ¡
ץסأأôûһ
ѺͿ𣿡
ķصɫԣ˵ǹһ, ˵үܻ⡣׷ʲô°
ĵĻ͵ץס˴ġ
ûô÷һѺͿ
ôˣ
صıʵ̫ˣѺͿʲô°
Ҳ˵
ֻһ侲˵ҲûʲôµģѺͿӵ˺ܶ࣬÷˳¡
ĸ㲻ΪʲôѺͿү˺ֻܶ࣬Ƕ˵ҹүʲôѺͿһҪУ
Լҹı֪ģѺͿƽ޹ʵĸԼܣѹߡ
ǹӶѺͿĶӳˡ
һ仰͸Ľɻ
˵ѺͿŪһ輧ѺͿ뽫Ӿȴ˵ɷϣͱ˻˳ӡ
ʲôĳŪףˣԼҹүǺѺͿˡ
ѺͿԼ͹үʲôϵȥ߹
ģ
Ļͷأ㻹ʲô£
룬˵ѺͿһ֡߷ˣǧܳԡ
á
ĴӦɿѺͿߡ
ѺͿʱ򣬴ĸպÿסԼԴ΢΢˯¹ùʮεĶ
Ĺ񿴵Ƶģȴģҷ˽ѡڿķ˯ɺͳ
Ҳ֪ԼҹôôȻѺͿķ˯ѵ±
߹ȥĶĽһ

ʮֲ⣬ü˵ôСҷô
ʮֲĿ˳һۣ쿪˵ҼҹʱˣǲţԼС
ϵɫúѿΪոŽȴһƣһƴϻۣĸٽ
ֻôһ˽
ĵһ۳֮Ľ
ʱˡ
ģһ£ŶԳ˵ҩ𣿿ЩҪԸιҩ
ҲѺͿѾ֪ǷǳТ˳Ķϱ
ոմ˸Ƿ͡˯ˡ
һֱĬĬʱ䣬ҩҲˣû뵽ľȻʱˡ
ʱϵĶð
Ѿ߸ҩָӣȷ°ɡ
Ķҩ̣ҩ˾Ͳˡ
û룬һ¶ȣܿ˻
󵨵ū澣̵ҩҪÿ̵һƤ𣿡
ô̵ҩΪòסֵ˽Լ˵Ķ
ѺͿû뵽¾ǲͬѰ
ȻҲZйأѺͿ޵ĲʣȻZģΪʵ£עϱѺͿſԲöô𾴡
ѺͿڡԵɺϡ֪֮£ԶҲӲ
Ǹعصģû취
ҩˣŸѺͿιȥصûŪʲô۶ӣҪϱźѺͿźĴ̫ˣѺͿιҩѾϰߣûõĿԡ
ιҩԼӦѺͿţѺͿʱʹ
Ƿ·
ǳ̲סˣ̣ɫūؼҰɡ
Сʮ֡ġѺͿûأôܷģ
˵ŻʮТ˳ĸѺͿĦ
Ҫ˵İĦַҲϱѧģǲѺͿúõİˣרǳ۵Ѩλʹİ
һ£װεѺͿ΢΢һüͷװû
ڶ£ѺͿһװû
¡

ѺͿ
ŭ𣬡ߣߣ

 62 

ˡ
õѺͿһ仰, ʹһˡ
, ͷͼѺͿ, ѺͿѾˣֻǿɫǳãֻһк
, ̫ɶˡ쿴ǲǱӡˡ
æһۣҡҡͷ˵ʲôӡӶûС̵ַ̫ˣʲô
ѺͿĿʮˣȻίĿ
ҴСûܹί
صֿ
뾡취οѺͿ, Ҳε̾Ϣ
С̫˳ģ, ԺЩŮ˸ͷʲôˣСʱĿ, ֮޸үĺ˳ġ
Сط˾һôΪݣңһֱܺ, ֻû뵽үǸӣȻӡ
, ȢϱҲǸƲ磬һսȫûռϷ硣
Ҫİ취ɡ
ѺͿĿͣһֿôܲܣҿĶӱZǸСָؽȥˣҲôסZ
ǡֵĵ˵ū磬ĲǴ̵Ķ֡
һ£û˵
ôЩǿЩɵˣֻͶүĲܻȥٲֶԿĵġûڿԺźģȫûˡ
Կǿš
СʵǱ̫ˡ
Ǵ澳ˣ©Ĵ̣ǴӸѶԸ
ʹԣҪԵͷʣˡ
ɿΪ˶ӣô֣
˵˵ȥֶӣʲô°
ѺͿZ֮¿飬ͺһοZ
ǸʱСѾߣZ
ǸʱZӦúˡ
Z硣
֪ͽгˡ
гֻ֮Լߵͨ죬ôоͽгأ
Z䲻ôסˡϲ񣬡ˣ
ʲô
ܿZǹȵĿ⣬ΪԼոյʧڣ͵͵Լ
ϱʲôʱ򲻽ˡ
Ⱳӻܼ޸Ƶġ
̣͵͵һZ
˵ʵڵģ뿪ZӦûӦɡ
ΪʲôҪ뿪Z
ϳ˵ĸ⣬бZõ
ˡ
͵͵һZȻԼʵǲÿ󷽷ZԱߣ󷽷ĿZ
ֵĵط𣿡
ZһԼƽƺôŪδЩ
ҡҡͷ
Z磬յѺͿ֡
ZмЦˣѺͿһ軵˵ŮˣͶ㡣
ȻôѺͿôʱ䡣
ȴǶҡ죬ңҺܲŮΪ˶ʲôóҿɲ뱻ϣZ㿴ܲа취Ҫˣ
ZӣҡҡͷźҪˡ
ûз£ٵĸˣΪʲô
ұйأѺͿĶҾܱסҲܱZֱĶӦöҵİɣ
ZЩȷһѺͿô죿
ʲôܵŮ
Ȼǰ
Zһ˵׺ıйأʲôˡ
ZⱲûȥ߹زξߵ·ӿ϶ϱӲһѺͿĶӺZǸһϵˣպײ˵ϣȻܷŹ
Ͼҵܵܣ֮Ҫ
ҪҪѺͿӵȤܸҵʲô𣿡
Zһ˵㲻ҪˣҲ֪ˡ
д£ǲ֪Ϊá
ֻҪӦѺͿͺˡ
Z
˺öĻû˵ʵ¸Ҳûġ
ֻԼ̫ˣȻʲôʡ
ZȻЩԲ
Ҫ𣿡

ЩŪZôͻȻ˵
һúúõģʲôȱҪʲô
ֵСӣ˭Ҳܲţû˱˰ɡ
Ŷ
ZЩʧ
Ǹ㲻㡣
ϡͿ˵һ仰Ȼʲô˵ˡ
ȥϢˡһҶˡ
ѺͿûãҲǺ۵ģһֱš
ZҲЩ˯̫ˣûо񡣡
ôĸ׼ˮģҲ
ûȴѾˡ
ûͷſľͰĵ棬΢΢۾ģôˣ־ôС
˻ûгϵȴӴˡ
˻
ñȲԣЩ̫ˡ
һתͷҪƢȻ˸ͲĴġ
ZZ磡

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ϴ費ϰ߷Ż꣬ÿĲÿġ
Ϊˮ̫ˣ˲úͮͮɴ˫ۿZ㡢ô
㲻𣿡
Z޲޲滹ˮ
뵽ոZԼͺ÷ˡ
ˣֻϴѡ
Ҳֻڰϴѡ
Z˵ȻúԼˡ
Ϊǲ뷨Zһ˵
ǡҲҪˡ
˺þò˵仰㻹ôĽϴɡ
Z΢Цҡҡͷ˵ҵˡ
أ
ʵڲôĽҵʲôϵ
ܿ죬ZͰɻ
ôĳȥģô½˵ǲǾͲˣ
üZ˵ƺеΪʲôܾЩԾأ
ǡȥ
ָ֣һ磬ȥǺ棬׼ҡ
Zź̾˿ҹȥˣû˸𣿡
Լܲ
˵һ䣬ȥһˮˡ
ˮ˾ͻ÷纮ŲҪ÷纮ء
Z޲ŵͷϣ˦˦ͷ޲˦ˮС
ôZúܶӣ
ⶺƵģ
Zߵ棬̵ĴԡͰ޲
ŲͻȻЩԣոΪʲôZȥ
ΪʲôҪZ棿
ǲɵˣ
æ·϶ûü
ߵZǱߡ
ZԱߵϸͷ
ôͷɣ߳ȥ
ŤҪͷZóZȴͬ⣬
𶯡
ǣҲͷͲȱ˵ˣ

 63 

ͷ, ĸԸ
Zϸĺ޲һһĸ
Z뷨Щ̫, ĸͷͷǳʡ
еʱһ, ֪ԼΪʲôἵһͷѾߡ
ǵԸͷʱ־ãܸˡ
ôã˵ĸȻûаչ
Ҫദ̫ˣദʱܶһЩ
ZԺ, Ȼһ뷨ÿ춼ܸͷ֮ĹϵǲǾܸһ
ֻһ뷨Zȴϣ
Ҫÿͷһ򵥵¡
Zֻĵİ˼ĵףϾ֮͢аӿڲ̸˵ĺʱ
ǰѱȨԼá
Z뵽ϱסıȨ, Щϧ
ڣȥ߹زξ, һҪദʱ䣬ǻ, ȻѡһȽѵ·㡣
ûð
ԼͷҪZˣZûͣ, òˡ
ZЩźͷʱ䲻ٳˡ
תͷĶZ, ôͻȻˣ
㡣
Z󷽷˵ԼȫûãZˣҪʲôɡ
Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ɴȥ˯ˡ
˯㣬ֻҪ˯ʲô¶ûˡ
˯ˣZֺЦ
ϲַʽӱܡ
취ӱȥˡ
Z˾ģڶʱ򣬾ȻZ
ոԴ£Z磿壿
壬ZڼţȻһ۾ͿZЩְ
Zҡͷҽղ塣

˿Լʱ䣬ȷѾZȥԺʱ䣬㲻ȥ𣿡
ûйϵ̫࣬Ҹպöһ㡣
˵վѾ˼٣ֻûڼӱܣZı뷨
һʱʵ̫ˣ취ӳһദʱ䣬ԣնûȥ´ʱ䣬û뵽̫˯ˣ㿴һʱ
ٳٲѣZû˿Ĳͷĺ档
ȣ⣬ɿǺ֣Ҳſ࣬ͼǸССġͰ͵˺ܶĲͬ
۾֮Щȵ۾ǿŷǳȤ
ƺû뵽ջڼء
ôϣڼң
ǡ
Ҳ֪ô˵һͻȻҵǰȻᾪȡ
Щ֪ʲô
ȥҪˡ
ǰ𣿡
ZʵǲںʲôҪһZһ
֣һZôߣ
Zûߣˣ
ݺݵZһš
ߣôˣ
Zۣĵ˵Լңôɾôɵ𣿡

Ȼ޷ܾZʼˣˡ
ˣZĪЩɰ
ðɣ⡣
ȻĴZϿ˳ȥ
ֲû£ߵȥ·ͺˡ
ĺܻǡ
ԼķǳãZıӰͻȻ˵ǵ˵Ҫ͸𣿡
ǵð
𣿡
ûС֪ZôͻȻ£˵ģ̫ǿ̫Ĳ֪øʲôá
ԳЦһ£ҵĸ̫СˣСںլ֮УѧҲֻ赸ֵĶԵĸϺȵˣеʱҶ벻ףΪʲôѡҵӡ
ûб˵ŮZûУȢŮõڸ
Z߹ȥסͷԼؿڣɵϣôô룿
Ҫô룿
Ŀ
˿ǺϻĵŮZ泤ӣ˵ݶΣƾ䡣
ȴ֪һZ̫ǿֻͨСŮˣ䲻ZZ߲ʲôöûУZϺȡ
Z̫ãʧ
һһһ죬Zˣô죿
Zõӡ
ӱܣһZһУһĲá
Zڷ֮⣬ԭ̫ˡ
ǶԼϲرҲǴ
û
ZҪֲԵ뷨
Ҷ쾭塣
ж˺쾭ģ
ûа׳Ե͡
˵ͨˡ
߽һͬZü
ıƵZϾȻ֪ôˡ
Z磬ǲǿ԰ɿˣ
˴Zĺ󱳣Z֪ķſ
·˳ȥ
Zڷվ˺þãȥ鷿
ӡ
ӡ
С߽£
Zӣ㿴ˣ
ڶǰZһ£ϵıƷǳ˼Ͽ飬һξȻһ۾Ϳˡ
Zû˵ô𣿡
Ȼʱ˿̵Zûӵ£ǵһλͨѡ
;ԼҹӺͷ֮䲻Ծˣݵԭһֱû˵
ӺȻѣֵûѵʱôš
ӾбҪ߳
˼ֲ²֮ӵĵӱ˼֣˵ӿΪˣ
š
ZӲƬ̣ͷ
ӣΪǹӶԷ̫ˡ
ZüͷĸӵЩΣգ˼Ҷûˣ
ܵԽԽΣյӣæϣӣԷ˺Ǵģûɵĺã÷Щ£ҪǸһЩúܶࡣ
Ҫ
Zܲ޳ɣϲĵϲϲһô
ӽ̾һӣôڸ¶ôϣ
Ӽ˵ѵãڹӺͷûг׵ʱ򣬱ڵĹϵҪã
Zϸ룬ôһ£ԭ򡣡
벻ԭΪʲôû׵ʱã֮鷴ˡ
ӺȻ˵ԭ򣬡ΪڹӺͷ˳֮ǰһֱΪ÷ˡ
Ǹʱûи
ǵ˼޽֣֮еӲ̫󣬾øﲻɲи𣿡
Խ˵ZԽ˵ĺܶԡ
ұҪˣ
Ӻݺݵĵͷ
òôɵģȻ˿϶᲻

Z̾һû뵽ϱĻô༼档

 64 

Zҵ
ʹھʲôɫܻ֬ӭ, һһ;ȻΪˡ
˶ûпվһԵZ
Z˷ͷ, Щɫʲôÿ, ʲôɫ϶Ư
ֻֻ˵ãȿȡ
Z͵ر졣
ҲһZ𣿡
Ȼ¡
Z˵Ҫİæ
ʲô
Լ, ZȻҪ˰æ飿
ȻҪҰæ
Ĳš
Zȴ˵ЩҺͱܲȥֻȥȻشңܲܰæ
ܡ
ܰ
ľԼûʹʲôÿǸζãԼëˡ
ʲô£˵
, Zʮֻɣս, ĻߣӴһ
Ц˵콵꣬ܶط˺ˮ, ӿ뾩ǣҪȥſ֡
Zò뵽취ȥõ, ûб¸õˡ
˵Ǹ˿÷ˢҲ԰
ͦ, ַˮˣ
һ㶼֪
Zʼο㲻֪²֪Ӧûô쵽ǣҪʼ׼ˡ
ɫھ͵ÿʼ׼
ʵZ磬㿪治𣿡
ȷУԸ˹ֻǲ
еעҪһǼۣܶžףȻٸ߼ȥԿ԰ṩ
̲ҪĽԴԴû̫ࡣ
ʣµʳֻԼȥ취ˡ
ҲԼϵʮּޣ϶
ģҼǵùǲһλ˵գ
˵Ƿƽ˵գﲻ˵ȥ𣿡
һҪȥ
ƽǺܲϲμЩ֮ľۻᣬǸ֮ľۻȷʵһôЩǶǮ
ΪҲܲǮ
ԣҪŪǮЩõѡ
ûZæһ¡
²ZҲˡ
˵ʱҲûôˣڻָӡ
һ¡
Zһ䣬ֻҪ£ǰҴæ
ףZڰıܵȡ̫֮λһˢĺûԲñĻӸߡ
ţһá
ĦȭƣӦôڷ˾ۻϰѻ˵
Zʱõͷô͸ķ
Ǹ̫ˡ
Z˵ľӣƽۼҴЩ̫
Űɡ
ĶԲǸZϣܴϡ
ãȥμһϡ
Zһת뿪
ZıӰʴģûзZЩ֣
үôˣ
ⲻǺúõ
һϲڹתƣûʲôҪһ
ҡҡͷǾЩˣˣҿ
ϴʲôʱ֮üͷ𣬡ʱȥǲ̫ˣ
ҲǸһʱ䡣
ĸͣˣǾۻ˵Ļ
Ҳǡ
Ůһ࣬ǻ࣬ͦġ
ȥ׼õһȹóյľۻᣬҪѹȺ
Ӧ˵ȥ׼
ĸҴƱûܴıԼҹﻹã޸үǺãʲôá
ZǱߣȥıܣεĴˮZһ취
˵ˮֵķ֮󣬲ĵ˵£岻ˡ
֪
磬ҵ£
ZҡҡͷɣǾǳֻǸ㣬¸ýȨץˡ
Գĵ¿Цһ£磬ҷǵշǳ
Zһ£Ŀڵ㲻˻ܻ
»Zϱ֪ģϱӵZֻԼͱܵԸһЩȴû뵽Сϻ۵ıܳΪȵĥ̫ӵĥʯȵ۵У̫ӵʵ֮⣬Ҫɱ
ʱǲòҲǲòʵۡ
ϱȥӾǴġ
һ׼֣Ͳڻʵλ̫ӵϻʵۡ
˵ʲôگˡ
˵úúõģôͻȻˣ
ǾԲ˳˵ˣΪôǸλòȤ
ZЦȻģͱԥһӵٻ󣬿ɶϵˡ

 65 

˿֪, ׼ʱ, ZĻӱѾһ, ҸĻһС¡
μᣬݲߣҲͣŵλм, 취ôЩ˳֡
һλˣǻķˡ
λ˵ͲСЩľֻһ㲻ã֧Zıܡ
λ˵ˮģΪλ˿Խ֮ǰĶˮ֮С
ҪǮˡ
Ǻõ, ҲΪ˼ҵݸߣֱҪǮû˸ҷԡ
ĸ, ķϲˣȴҲû˵ʲô
ֻóĶ, ƺõ̫ࡣ
ڳҪôǲмںۣҪôǲ˵ǶõһµĻᣬԼ˵ʱˡ
˵ıǺ, ÿÿҲףӱû֧ţ͢Щٺ», ģҵӺľ֧ţҲǼҴҵ󣬿ͷҲǲԣ
ǰѱ˲˵ﻰ˵ˡ
û˸˵Ļ⻰˵̫ˣҲЩˡ
μˣ඼ǹ˼ң˵ûӹӣҲ̫ûˡ
˺ܲģȨܴ󣬺ľȻֻһԺСٶķˣЦˣô˲Ը⣿˵˵ļױ԰ѾǵĽֵˣ˲Ǯѵ˻ӣ
ЦЦȻӡ
˲ӣΪβϽóֻԼ𣿿˽մĿǾɵİȹأ
˵ˣЩʣഺ٣޻ûң޸޵˼ҵ׶񣬲ûӻҲڹܼҵʱҪʡ
˿ûӰ쵽ֻǵĿ˵ֲ˵˲ӣ˼ʲôû˵ꡣ
ֻ˵ͬҪҲиʽҲøЩȻ˸ҷ˾ӣ֪Լľ˭
Ͳָű˵ЩҪЩĸҪˢˡ
ˣ˵ɫ൱ÿ
һ˾֪ĴҲ˵İɡ
˲֪Ǵǻ
˲Ϊ
Ŷ
ɨһˣǷ˿ǻˣȻҪ˲ס
ô
ʱҪͲСѾͷ˵ʲô׵ۡ
Цһ£˵˼ӦпŵլӰɣլӿճסͺãӶá
ôУЩôסҼҵլӣ
ЦĶˣĿ˵Ӳ˰ԼòԣΪʲôҪ֮أǲǰ˶ɵӣ
Ļġ
Ҷ뷨˵һ
ǵķȦ棬ûֹһλ˵ˡ
Ц˵Ҿͺ˲һҪӣһ˶֪Ͼھûʲôһˢʹ졣
㣡ôҺȽϣʲôˣʲôˣ
챻Ħˣֻѹˡ
ȴ߰ͷ­죬˵Ҿͨˣѵ˲ͨ𣿡
գգۣʵҺ޳˵˵ȷӦð񡣡
ͻȻ֮һ˵˸Ĵֲ
㡢㲻ǲ𣿡
˵𣿡
ʮֵƤĶգգ۾û˵˵Ǹͬ
ʵΪӦýӵķдд٣ֻдλ˵֣Ǹã
ӵ˶õҲ׻ӣλΪ˽дǰ滹Ҫã˭Ҳɵд˶Ӿûǰ֮ˣ϶ӻĶǰ档
ĶЦһ£֪һ֮ģ϶ѣ֪ӵķʽͬͬ⣿
Ǻð취
ܲͬ
ģʱҪǲͬ⣬Ǳ˳֮ˣ
ôȷӲᱻ˽ߣ
˱ŽλԵõ˽һЩǱôһȫˡ
ǰ·ϻѾͷǲ˵ЩòžӦòţ鶼˸ࡣ
ţﵹ˺ܶࡣ
𰸡
²Ǹ𣿱ϾľӣʵӶˣÿһλ˽óĶиĿ˲ǣѵ𣿡
Ǹñ˲֪ôˡ
취˵һ㲻ԣͳ͵ӵˣ
ƤЦⲻЦ˴ǣҿ»ɡϾġ
ǲҸ֣Ȼһλˣ˻ලͲ˰Ӹˡ
á
ҧҧСѾͷȻҪһˣ޻ñΪ͵͵ӶˣǸëûСѾͷƬӣôôĹ⣿
֣ѡɡҾ͸˺ˡԱ߿ûмǴ
Ϊ˱ӣһʶ˳
ֽŵĻᶼûˣĿڣá
ȱ˵á
һܣһȦλˣ˵λ˻û˵ͬͬء
ͬⰡ
ܲͬ
һλǣͷȻߵģ˼ҵĵȨûʵȨĹҵ
µ˵ֲǣλˡ
ǻһЩӣܵõЩڴլĸ˵õĶ
Ըӡ
ҲԸ⡣
һжԸӵԽԽ࣬ԼɵĻֻЩӱʳȴЩˡ
ûдЩֱӽʳóĿģЩʧ
صУЩƲ֣˿ûһʤӡ
ҾȻûŪʳ
Ѿˡ
˰֣˵ˣôǵ̫ˡ
ֶңֱ˵Լ뷨
һ㣬Ҫ˼ҷҪܴͥڵĺ
ԣ˲Ҫ޵С
ˣôZ
үûء
ûüôôзʲô£
Ķҡͷ˰֣Ц˵Ҳɵˣô⡣
˽̨ţZ
ľһ£Ҫȹү𣿡
ôҵZУ
Ƴһ۴ġ
æҡͷǣֻǹտ϶ȹүЩ֡

 66 

ȵƵ, Zûл, ֧Ųסˡ
óѷ˰, ̲סˡ
ҲһߺһţѾˣڿһ㶼
ˣһ, ӦóˣԼ˿ɲá
ðɡ
ЩĲɣҴҵĳһЩͲٳˡ
ϴڴϣʱųＯʳ飬еʱԼZ֮Ĺϵ
ʵ֮䣬ڹϵͿҪ͵ʱͻȻһ£Ȼ˷ֿ, ϵôܸܣ
룬ԼԼһЩ¡
ѽѽˡZҲ, ʲô£Ҫȥ
Ȼ, Ҳֻǿͷô˵˵ѣ֪δкҪȥʲô¶Z
˵Ϊ˷ޣһʱʵ̫ˡ
˯, 컹Ϊʳء
ȰԼЩ˯¡
ȵҹʱZŷ糾͵ĻصУеĿһ, ϶˵ӣҵóһ˾ǣǷң˵ʮ֮һ
ӣҪһ˳ȥ
Ȼ
Ҫ֪ÿһι˵ҪʱûĴҴڹߵһ̿ʼʹû뿪ӣһιûô¿˵ǻ֮еĻˡ
ZڵıȻǲӶʣֻ˵ھб÷ˣǧ¡
ӷģһ񡣡
ӻ˼ʮ֮ڣƺҪһңҪ粽ıˡ
뿪סҪȥƽס͸ȥõñ֪뾩
ǡ
Zʮַģ
һ磬û߿ZΪZ֮ǰҲû⡣
·Ѿڷֻ֮Լһ꣬ɻʵôֻһꣿ
үڡ
ȥˣ
ЩɣZúõôڼҳԷ
ҡͷǣүˡ
ˣ
ȵվأ
ˡ
ӽ
֪һ£Zӵ£ôӸˡ
ĵǿ죬ʣӣҹȥʲôطôһ𶼲ҽ
ˣߵôæʵ
ûΪʲô
ͷӵĻش
Ӵˣûߣôܸ£²ǹӵܵ϶¡
˵Ҳǡ
̾˿֮ǰûнʲô
ӵͷص˵˵ˣ±÷˵İȫʮ֮ͻ

ҧס˴Ȼ㱣ҵİȫô˵ǻ£
ʱһֱӣӲ֪ôش𣬸ɴ಻˵ˡ
ˣҲ֪
˵Z֪ڸʲô߰ĶصҲ֪
ȻӲ֪ʲôˣ׷ȥҲãúõĸɺԼӦ¡
ȻZڣסҲȤסȥ
ӣ˲뷨ҪԼ˵İȫ
ӵȻܾˣһʱ䱣֤İȫ
֪
ZӾΪ˱ȫȫܹӵ񣬡ȻΪѡ
õı֤Ӿȥˡ
극һ󳵵ص˶ƽ
һȥϷ˾ͱˡ
ɫŵ˳˹ôͻȻˣǲǺZˣ
Цãֻһˣ̫̫ȻôģһĺZֱŤˣ̫̫Ҫ
æο̫̫ĸİɣҺZû£ֻZЩ⼸첻ؼңĥŻ
ԭǳܣǾͺá
̫̫һݣƽ۹˵ж᲻ᵯһͻôҲ˵һ仰

һ󣬶ƽ̲סˣ˳ȥ
̫̫˽ԼĶӣæ̫ͣˡ
˵գʼҲǵģôôòŻҺ㡣㲻СڵӹúãͰҺˡ
ͷ󺹣ӼȷʵЩˣû뵽̫̫͵ķӦô
ȻŮĶԸĸ˼ȲϸĸԶŮ˼
Ҳԣ˦˦Դλ¾ͱȲꡣ
ţ˦˦ͷʲôŮҲǸ˵
ĸ𲻸ˣҸʲô
æ˽Ķ
ĸọ̃ˮͷϣſϲС
һһĽöó̫̫ӸտʼĲ⣬˺ľȡ
ҵĸԹԣôôණ˶ģ
Ǯ
Цеİ˰֣ĸⶼԼҵĶۣТˡ
ɲУûȥ
̫̫ߴѾˣZ֪óôණҪûȥ
Ц˵ĸõģЩZ˵ֻëë꣬Ͳں
Ҳôණϲ˵ܸ첲յ̫ˡ
̫̫һѶߣǲϡ
ĸͰЩZ͸ĲͺˣͲںЩ֮
ҲЩΣ˼ҵĳ޲޵ŮżҵĶùźãĸȻͣơ
ںҲɡ
Ϸ֣һݡ
ĸ֪Zҷ񣬿סٷҲܼܰңһˣˡ㿴ǶƽǸӡ
Ĭĵͷƽȷûˡ
Լˣ粻ϮĲ䲻ͣȵȥˣҲͱͨѫ˼ҡ
̫̫֪ǾĲȥ
ҲϷ˱֤ʲôϾڵZֻǷǳͨĹԱϱǸĸҲϱ򹦷ȫǶϸŵĺү
Z᲻ɹ֪
ΪZѡ·ϱȫһˣϱӵľ֤ⱲҲܳɹ
ƾZһû⡣
ûã˲ţҲûа취ĸ֤ʲô
ã̫̫ĺܿ˵ЩĵˡЩסĸԱߣĸúõĿ㡣
̫̫˵סԱߣոպ̫̫ظʱסĵطǸطһֱţûȥס
ĸסһǸ˻ˣӦ
һסǾ졣


 67 

ûʲô, һֱZ, ġ
, еʱΣһʱġ
˦˦ԴZԼԺų
ǰһƬˮ, ΢紵𣬴˺ˮ
ˣ
ĻŻŵ˹
óӲͣĿʼʲô²ˣ
Ҳûµˣôôţ
ˡ
Ķ˵ôһס
סˣִܹ̫, ΪǾװ
ʹϢˣ
Ǵ󣬺ҲЩϵ, ܵŴĵʳ
ʹʲôϢһ㶼ֻ֪ǹڰҰѲء
ʲô
Ѿ, Ҫʲô
ʲô𣿡
ҡͷ
ô֪֪˭Ĺ𣿡
˵Ǵӡ
һZıܡ
ôֿܣһZıܱץˣһֿZıˡ
ѵõĽ, ģһ£뽫ﵽѲʲô

ľȵĺϲ£, ûɹ°
ûɹҲøɣץĵļ磬Ҽס¹غ˵򲻿ɵġҲ
Zıܻţ˳Ҫ취Zıܸץסûӳţ׼ˡ
Ϊ֪Zһ쵽оʲôֻװ֪ѡ
ıͻȻʮŵˣʾһ
ڼҲţȥ˶ƽ
û뵽Ȼ˸סˡ
ЦˣָԼʵ֪˭𣿡
Ǻү˼˭ܼ
𿪣Ҽûס
ˣôһôûҪȥԼ׵ȻҪ
ҪΪѣүȷʵ˭ü
ؿ֮бһŭã㲻ҽҾͲˡ
֪ƽڸʲôֻȥ̫̫
̫̫ûн¡
ʱǳһЦݡ
ȴżɽʵĸ֪٣
ⲻӦõĵ顣ZⲻǳȥҲúõĴţһѻôҲղϡ
ĸ
ˣֻÿ˿ΧܽZܵĹϵ¶һʣĸѲ˲ۼ𣿡
̫̫ǲΪʲô֪ͰĻشѾˣۼʲôûС
ȻѾˡ
û뵽ٶô졣
̫̫Цţ̫Ҳû뵽ȻһǼңҪ˵Ǽʵûʲôˣλ֪ΪʲôôעǼҡ
Ҳ֪
Ϊʲôһ鶫ƽЩףȻѾ˶ƽǲҲˣ
ĸúϢˡ
ٵĴ̫̫ߵһտĵط溰ӣ
ˡ
ӣĿ֮ð˺
ôΣˣ
˺һӣ˵ӣҴûʹֵǲǣ
ﶸȻһر𲻺õԤУȴòش𣺡˼ûʹ⡣
Ǿͺá˵ͷô⣬۶ôѻش㶼һһʮĸң׼ѣ
˷ġ
ӵĶͷ亹ðˣҿ϶ʵһر𲻺ûش
ȻʵZ֪֪ܷ䣿
ôش
˶֪Ļ¼֪Ϊʲô֪ѵ͹ӵĹϵȷ˻Ҫ
ҪǱ˸ǺˣԺĻкӹ
֪ӻЩ߰Ķѹû
Zķ˲һֱZߣЩܵ鵱Ȼȥġ
ӲشЩˣô˵
ǡ֪
ӵȻ֪ǹӺͱӱš
Z֪ŵ΢΢ˡ
㱣ңѵӿܻϣ
ZıܿܲҪæˣϾZ뵽˱ƹ˲ٿصıƹҪZıܻӲôûзʵ۵ıҪ
ҪǣܱץסΪǣZĴڡ
˿ԼZҪԡ
ǴʲôʱʼʼZ˵رҪأ
Ҳֻ֪֪ԼԲ¡
ôӦľԲӦ䣿
ӵͷûǲҪ뿪ƽһЩˣѾڶƽΧúˣֻҪ˲ӦûΣա
ظˣZZʲô¶ķǳãҲǳϸ
ģҲѰ·
ȻЩĲԼѰ˼·ܶܿ飬ʱȻһʥּ
ʥּʱ򣬶ƽˣ̫̫ˡ
ƽϺүȥ֮󣬾ûյʥּˣ̫߳ˣȻʥּ
ǣָոձƹ֮ͳʥּ˭֪ǲɽ
ȴܲӡ
ʥּ˻û鷳ǲӸ鷳
һӱǿּZûлҲûеϻʵۣȨĴӿ˵ɱǾɱǡ
ЯҾּ
ƽǰڶƽϷˣϷĸɩӣǸŮ档
Ȼʥּȴŵ˵һλ˵ʥֻּᵽ
Ȼ빬ݣ

 68 

ȫû뵽, ҪõλλӾȻ빬ݡ
ô
˵, ̫̫ͶƽҲˡ
ǶƽӦһЩ, ּλһӣʹ׷˺£ҪСŮ빬ݣСŮϾǼ˵ġ
Ҳû˵һλʵҪ˵ķ빬, ʲô¶
ּĹʵҲ֪үʵ˵ūҲ֪⵽ʲô˵ҵλھǼûвҲûô֪Сģūһ㶼֪

ƽ, ˵ŮвУ
үʥּ, ѵҿּ𲻳ɣ
˵ƽĺּ, ʥּдʲô

ƽΪѣ˵ʥּΥһ빬ɡ
ǡ
˵ոշ˹, ûʱʥּд빬ݣҲȫ
, ǲּܿ
Ҳȥ˭֪λΪʲôŪȥ
ŲԼôȻôϲ
ĿԻΪZ
ǡƽһȥɡ
ŶƽλҼŮǲǿԴū澽
Ȼû⡣
û˵һҪöƽŮһ˽ȥǧ֮ôһ˽
ƽ˭ȥ
ĻĿԴҡҡͷָ˵ظҽȥ
һԲĸ
ĵͦί˵
֣ƽﶼҪߣô˴ģ
һ
ȹˣ߿࣬ӣ˵ôߣΪʲôҪأ
εĿɵɵĴģɵģ˶ˣôǹӰڷߵˡ

ĸɵˣǽŻȻ򣬡ѹôŮӱԭذæ
ѡŮʱȷʵı˲æ
ֻû뵽ǸʱӾѾ취ˡ
ǡڹӲڰ
û˱ﻹ˻ʹǸ̶Ѩ
İɡ
Ӷûжൣġ
صı±Ҷߡ
ȻҲᱻӷڷˡ
Ҫ˵ӣϲõĶȫˣԼµķȷ˵ĲһЩ
ȫˡ
ãڻʹеһ֮С
Ҷ˵Ҳ֪᲻λӰŵˡ
Ҫǣʲôû˵
ʹһиصĲͺˡ
ʵʵź
Ͷ˾һ硣
ڰʱˡ
ʶǴһɫԲۡ
ɫܴͨɫ
Ȼǰ
վȴû
Ĳ֪˵Ҫʲô
ڣûɻãǸʵĶӣϴ󡣡
ˣλĴӡ
ŵķˣ£֪ҽΪʲô
ҲʲôҪ£ֻҪ㶯ھС
Ǽ򵥵£¾Ͳҽˡ
ЦŵͷZѡˡҾ˵ˣ֪Zȥʲôط
֪
ֱӻش
һ֮еĴ𰸣û
֪ڱZ֪ͱԵĺ𣿡
֪ǲ֪ѵΪZĺҪ𣿡
Ƿһ䣬¾סˡ
˵ˣӦö˸˽⣬νֵ㣬ŮˡҾͲ˵ˣΪʵڲϲǾ仰ǵ֪˵Zܻҷ𣿡
֪ڵֻܾıԼֻнԼλ÷ŵúܸܵͣӰȫƽҲ͸Ӱȫ
Ǻǡ
Цˡ
˵Щҵĺܲһ
Խ侲ˣµһ׼ȷѵû£ߵ鵽ֻǱ󣿾ZȥʲôطʵҲʵ£Zȥʲôط
ίͰ͵ĿûмˣһŶûңҪ֪ϢԶðǰ
²֪˵Ǽ١
עܵġ
˵컨׹Ҳߡ
֪Լˡ
һΪвZֶΡ
ãȻ̧ͷأأǲǽʹˣ
˽бѡ𣿡
˵Ҳǡ
ûѡֻһһ


 69 

ϵʱйŮ, ûп˿Ļʳ, ԵĶҲ㲻, ֻûʲôθڡ
´ڷ¶ΪĳԲȥ
һȰ˵ˣūѾˣûж
һ, ¿ӣأأһǵġ
ZĲжôм䶼пֱܳ˹Ǳ֮һ
ﲻصġظˡ
̾ƿ, ˵ӻ᲻ҵвZ
û, ǻشʱȴɶûУ, ԸԼûᱣ
Ҫ˺
̲ס룬вZ׻ô
ǷZܶ, Zܶ࣬ǷZԶɾ
ZԼȥġ
Ͼ, ZĲñϣӵõ£ǻZһȥһŵ֮ءȴܱ֮ˣǾԵ׬⡣
ŲΪZأ
ڴϵʱôġ
ʹĴûԼҵ
أ֪ӸҰŵ𣿡
׼شԱߵĹǻʹõĵط
ֲá
ôûԼҵĺá
Ҳ̫ˡ
Ūסôһõĵط
ط˵ͱԹˣӱͲӦȻҴĵĸסõĹ
Со
Ų±Ӹأ
˵Ҫô
֪Լܹ֮ܲӣܻܲȥ֪ȻҪȰѿ֮ˡ
ҽ˯š
ظҴҴӣˣ˯ջо
˯š
ѱӸƿЬӣš
Ȼû˿ң
Ȳѡ
Ķ߶һЦҾ˵ܲ˿ҡȻûңҵȻԳȥߡ
νͨ󹬵һ·ѣҲֻߵ󹬡
ԣڵ֪֮󣬴Ӳû£Լߡ
һ·ߵɭϵһ
ôô
Ҳûָܸ𰸡
ȴ˵˳Ǽ˵ǻʵ۱谮ӵס
⵹ˣסôôأѵʵ
֪
ðɡ
ҰҰ죬Ȼ˵֪϶Ĳ֪Ȼܱ
ȥȥĵطתתɡ
˴ŰʱֿһرصĹֻС˺ܶࡣ
أغܿͣ乬
乬Ȥˣû뵽乬Ҳô˰أ˵ӵ¸òǰѻʵ۵ЩӶϵ˰ɡ
ֻǿһЦû뵽˵˴乬˳һλŮӣŮոܳͱ˸סˡ
λˣҳȥɣҼˣյĶ˵ˣūֻ̫ҽͺá
У
ûһ˿СŮ˽ȥֻҪȥĸǺߵĹŮһ׼
СŮŭǵĵҲ̫ˣڱ»أ˭Ҳ֪ܲĵϴ󱦣ǾͲҼһһʧˣȫȥ
̾ĿһСŮ
СŮȻ˵ֻ
صһ˿Ҫæ𣿡
ƲƲ죬Ҷǽ֮ôæ
ô֪
Ǿԡߵ乬ǰͷҪȥʱס˲׼乬
Ҳ乬СŮ˵˵ܲ᲻ðɡ
в˵ոСŮĻ˵Ĳһʧأ
˵֪˶ӿסˡ
ھԼںߣZ֮ǰԲΣա
þԼĴ乬Щ˳ͻһΣգЩж˿ܶҪ
˵δôɴͷŷˡ
һȻЩɶˡ
룬ֲǿּҲȥСŮҲǿɱ𲻻ͨ
⡭ðɣֻ˵
նСŮӵʲô
СŮЩ˵ʱˣʲô˰Ȼڹôеʱ˵вһĻ
ݲ룬ΨһܾӵĻᣬλˣҼӴһЩҩЩʳ乬ʮλﰡ

 70 

Ȼʮλ, Ŀ, ӷ˲, ô
ⲻǻʵ۹乬ĺĿΪʵ۵ĺһҲʮλ
أƷ纮ҩ𣿡
ūأ
˵óҩ衣

һ, ҩ辫׼ӵСŮĻ
ȥӾȻ
СŮӯˣūΪֻͷˡ
˵գͷ
˰֣Ťͷߡ
֪뿪֮, СŮŵҩ豻ǿ飬ûκζ֮СŮȥ
Ĳӵҩȥ, СŮʮλǰ, ̫ˣū澺òһλˣõҩ裬Ȼ˸ˡ
û, ܳԾУӷ¡
˵˿ᣬ, ֪֪ҩ˭
ū澲
ˣӼȻܱƹЩĸôڻʹߣ
СŮҡͷū澲֪ūǷ˻˼ʹӵĹϵƺҲǺܺá
ߣ˭ܺʹӵĹϵãˣˣܻͲˡ
ںתһȦ˼乬֮ûзĵطȥˡ
ֻߵʱ濴һۡ
صסĹڴϣ򿪴ǡ
֪˯ˣҲˡ
û˸ͷ
Ҳߡ
ϡͿߣ֪ߵ˼
֣ôû˿أ
ջرء
ɻ󣬲ɵ˽ȥ
ǻʵ۳סĵط񷶥ҹǶɰƳɣڰ֮һˡ
棬˹ȥ
ŵ˴һɫǰצ̾ᡣ
ԭǻʵۡ
ͻȻʵ۱µסƺ̫á
£ð뿪
ת뿪ʱȻЩ֣乬ǲǡЩ
ո˵껰֮󣬱ôһûУ
һһ㿿һĭ
£ˡ񡣡
ŵ̽Żʵ۵ıϢ

ûˡ
ʵ۾Ȼ˼
ҧסԼ
ֲڼ˶ˣԭΪҲ߲ȥ
Ϊʲôأ
ڻʹ֮Уô߶
벻׵üͷȻ˽
˲ס
ŵĲҷ˵
ʵܣҪʣҴˡ
ϸĻֻһʹĴʡ
磬̫ˣȻɱ˸ʣ
ǣΪʲѻλңȻҪ׼ڸû뵽йĵӣԲŻɵıҿסҵĺõܵܣϲˣҪҪ㸸ʣ
˵ܹ죬Ÿоһֳϵſ񣬻һֵԴ
һ˿˵֣ҼȻץˣҼˣһУһ¡
ӴЦ֪ʲôλñ𣿿ϧ
Ӷ˶٣λ羪ޣһλɶõ˲ţ˹˳ңҿ϶߹ٺ»ֻϧ
̾һλֻ㣬ҸмһˣΪһһҿɰĵܵܣǲǰ̫ʴˣ
ڴ˰ˣץ˾Zıܰ
׼ĺܺ
ôץˣ
ZеۣͲܺúõİZļƻ
ŴЦ˵ֵܶ˵Ĳúܺãֵ֮ܶ˶пܷ̣ǶûȻҪ˾ǡ
㶯ҵıɩ
ЦûжֻǸһּ⣬˵Ҳ𣿡
㣡֣֮ĶӦýұɩǣ
ڴ÷ۣʲôǣǣZϱôܱŹ
ӵ֪ʱ䣬λ㣬ϧѾ˴Ψһȥ磬ɹĻZѾ־ˡ
ѽϧһλιĺô󳼡
ۣúõôͺ˵˵
ͻȻˣȥˣʱزŻʲô͸Ŵӵ˹ȥ
뵽࣬ˡ
ϧˣûа취ȥ
ӽ˵ҵĺõܵܣʾһТɡȽչȥҲûˡ

 71 

ӵ, Сƿ׵һǡ
ǰֻһ˫š
İͷ̽˳ȥ, ȷֻ֮Zıһˡ
Ȼ˳ȥ
ZܾȵĶ, ɩôҸʴ£
ý͡˴ӣҲʱ򡣡
ҵ˼, 㲻ǱҴִ𣿡
ǾǱ߾ƵˣôܵطλֿûôģŹһ
˵Ӧҳȥˡ
ȱˣ취ѴӴܲ档
Ӻ˸ӣΪԼܹʤں˵
, ҽʱûʱ𣿡
С
ҧס, ܽȫһɺϡ
ǲóȥ
ĿȻѾûкĻʵϡ
Zıᣬæ˵ɡ
˵кβɣ˵˾ǻʵҲûлҪο, ΪӦûܸ˾һ
һΣ֪˵Ļ᲻ῴ˵ӣܿ
ñǸӣӦûܸZıȥ
ôˡܻųȥ, ȻʲҵˣʤֻʱҲй֮, Ҳˣ¶ҸͲ¡
ZıܶȻΪʲôԼλ޵ıϲӴΪϣں˶Ŀĺˡ
ȾЩ̵йоصĹŮȤˡ
ֻȤѾˣЩϧ
˿ҲǿϧʱʵǳȥӦȥû̫ӣʵĳӣƹֻҪֳɹˣȫĨȥ
뵽ס乬Щӡ
룬һطȥ

乬乬ʮλڻûеϻʵۣͶЩãһϻʵۣЩܻܲһֻҪǹȥЩһǡ
ҲµûûҵҵȫԼگûС˵گһȵ۸ĳҲЩ֪֮䡣
˵û
ZıЦһ£λ磬Ժ󹬵Ů˾Բ飬ڻǣһΪãӦþЩ֮˲
ԽƾԽλʵϴиеĳһûУԲŻôЪ˹Ҫ߬ס
Ȼȴúõǰ
λأ
ȻǱˣʿˣΪ˶ʿĹ١
Ҳ˵ȫʤ߲ȥλ˵ĴпܺͬھԱ߳ȥ
ãŸʳȥôҲӺһǸʵĶӣʱ԰ᶯʵҲʲô£ܲ㱳
ڼȻȥʱסˡ
ȻǴӵˣֱ۵ǻʵۡ
Zıܵһһ͵İŪȥŻʵȥ乬
ͬ乬Ūȥ乬
ѽ
ȼλСŮ
ˣô乬ˣ
֮󣬾ͿŵȵۣѽǱ£
ȥмλ

СŮӡ󼫺ãοϻŸʵۣСŮȥæ
ʵһɲǣСŮˣȵͬʱһѻʵ۵ȥ
ˣҴȥ
СŮ򶨵Ĵߡ
ƳһߵĻӵ¡
Ϭ
ڹҪľǶ࿴˵ֽŵʱ
ˣڴˡ¡
û˵꣬ų
¡
Ǽ˽ʵ۵ŵϡ
±Ǹϸɱˣ
ЦţǸϡ
ͻȻӸͱܵһɫĶ
Ƕɣԭʹѻλӣϧ
ܵ¼ɫگ촽ʲôû˵
֪ڸʵУԶǲӵһ
ͨ˼һɱӣ˳ϲҡ
ܵ½گҽ˿ɺã
ǴˣگȥˣҲûӹΪ˽ĺӣ»ǽ˰ɡ

óһӣ¹֮ʱ¸ͽ乬ҲΪʲôŸλ乬ԭ򡣡
°־飬乬Ϊһ˿šˣһ飬޹ء£߰ɡˣˡ

 72 

ǽ֮, ZͼλҪ, Ӵڹſڡ
ӶZ벻, Ȼôˡ
ZһСˡ
ZԶԴӹ˹֣£, ˡ
ޣӲ̬ķųһֻÿߵ˭
Z濴һۣЦ˵£ԽеɱˣɵӣӦܿóڵ˵˲㡣
ӵе, Z¿ƽķ޺ܺ, û뵽Ҳһ֮ˣҪ֪
Z˴ӵĻ, ˾֪ҲֻΪе
£ɡƹһ̿ʼѾʧˡ
ЦΪޢȷʵ͹, ȻŪô˰㡣ʣʲôطŪ˱
Z㵽˱ҲŪǱ
ȻǱ¸ġ
ʵӦZӻʵ۱ƭġ
Ҳ˵Ϻƭ, Ϊв£߾Ҫˡ
ԶŲ٣ʵֻưˡźͻʹȡ
Ͼñ߽İοģֻôӵĵˡ
ZݡҲҵǸܵܵϻλ
˵գӾȻˡ
Zܽȥܵ¥ϣֱµһʬ塣
ʬֻĺӡ
֪£Zһæȥ׷ӡ
ܵڼûˣ鲻ԽĹЦ
ȻһǶǶˡ
ʧǵתʲôûãλĻģ˵ǲǣҵĺõܵܣ
ܵ³ڴ󣬡磬е
̧ͷ죬û뵽ʵȻˡ
ʵǽλ㣬ֻϧگҸˡ
Ӿȵĵɴۣôܣôϲ㣿
֣һֱңϲ㡣ֻҺͱһ֣Ϊʲϲ㡣ʵıƹҺͱԤ֮С˵ҺͱƵƹֻû뵽ұɩŪˡ
ɩ֮ܳΪɩҲ򵥣˼λõʡˡ
֣ˡѾұΧѾȫͶˡ
˰
ͷ죬ûʧˡΪʤûı磬ΪҵĶ˵Ҳʺϵʵۣҿ㲻ѻʵ۽ı磬ĸã

ЦγѪɽ
Zһܽʱ򣬼ֻѪ
Zϣŵɿˡ
Z磬ܳ𣿡
Z
Ҫظʱ̧ͷZ
Z磬Ѿ𣿡
Zļ磬£һжѾˡ
ҽھǣǲˣ
ûС
ZȴЦˣǳ˽Ը˵¡ǶȻˡ
һıӣ˵ķǡ
Ҿǲ¡
ڻʹ֮⣬£ͦ
ˣˣ
鲻Ѿ
ôػû䣿
ZһָҺòײɵˣ
زǲɵˡ
ؿǾҵҪأҶ֪ܻܲ
Уô¶˵ҵʣôģ
Z֪ԼѲ˸͵˵Ҫ˵صıˡ
ʲô£
ĺܺ棬Ȼôá
عã˫ɵľܰ
ŶԼڹˣǣôӴӳģ
ץסʣȲҲء
Ҳӣֻ޸֮ŮӣѵĵһȻǳ򵥡
Zѧ
˭˵Ҫѧˣ
Z̫ˣһ˲Ϳʲô
Z˼ģȻˡ
̫࣬ʵѾˣǲΣˡ
ҿء
ɫıºǿⱲȻףǸֲı²Z磬㻹Ϊʲôģ
Ȼס㡣
Z̧ͷ죬ԭģھ͸ɡҺȵ˵߾ΣգԲܳǡûȵ˵ѣ߾Σա
̧ͷֻܿZ°ͣ漴ͷ˵Ҫ𣿡
ⷽ͢ʱȫﲻҪҷģ߾һα߾ΣգҵĹҵΡ

 73 

ZҪȥ߾
ճյĿZ
Z, 뿪⼸, һֱ⡣
ʲô⡣
ZЩ, ƺʲôεĶ
Z磬⼸һֱ룬ҵ벻㡣
̧ͷZ, ԭһֱΪû㣬ܺܺõĻȥ⼸죬Ҿܻܻ뿪ңҷҺܴ
ͳܲס뿪ҡ
Z, һҪȥ߹𣿡
Zתס, ұȥ, ܴӱ߹ػŻһΣһܻŻڶΡĵڼҵҡ
ͷ
ãҵ㡣
֪Z, Ҳ
Zʰװڶգվڳǽ, ĿZ뿪
վߵģµǻĻʵۡ
ɩѾԶˡ
ԶȥֻܿӰڿ
ȵӰʱתįϯȫ
ԭһ˳ĸоġ
ϱӣڵ֪Zˡ֮󣬲ű޸Z
֪ZʲôܣⱲӲŷ֣İ˳ܲᡢʹࡣ
֣оЩ˿˿ķ磬˵һһҪ
ɩˡ
ͷ΢Ц£ôû뿪
Ҳͱ硣
ġ
š
µǻĻʵû˵
ֻıӰסȭͷþõĲɿ
ãԶǰƾı£ôܻزأ
ҵֵһ̿ʼҾ֪ⱲӵԶ׷ϱ֡ǰһѪͳ±Ҹʺϵӡ
ǺǡµЦϧΪһѪͳñֲòҡ
µɿȭͷҪȴһᡣ
һZȫʤĻᡣ
ص֮󣬾ôһá
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԼôϱֻڱνűȵʱŻ飬ÿľʱܻ
һڤڤ֮еڱ
ÿһ죬˳Է˯Ҫ¾ڷֵôĶΪҪˡ
Ĵ͵͵ȥ̫̫ĸףλҴҵĹ洫ľ̫̫˵ˡ
ڵϷһȴõľ㡣
ģⶫʲô
ĸ
ű򷭵ľﲻ֪ΪʲôȻõĸоȴʲô˵


 74 

򷭵ľĽű, ľ㲻˵, ̫̫ҲĬ
Щ, ľˡⶫZûϵûźá
ûź
Լľĵط, ûа͹ƽӦõ
ҡ
ˡ
¡ĵȫȫĵ˵ΣԼϹѣZ¡
һȻƽ
ǰ¡
ϱӵZ, һСǳɹ, ⱲֱӾǽܲɹ, Ҳܳ¡
ĸոշ£ĺ˽һ˵
˵
ֲõĸоͷ, ǿԼ侲Ϊֲõĸоͱŵ
򡢷ˣϢ, һˡ
á
ַĿǻϢ
תҪȥױ磬˵ˣĹ˵мҪش
ûõĶŭˣЩһ˵𣿡
ʵۼ£ﻹܵ飿
ֱʹ
¡
ɩ
εĻʵ˫ͨ죬Щҿóһսɩ㡭Լɡ
ֻԼԺ֮һƬհףսȥ̲ס
ôʲôóܵס
򿪣һۿʤ̡֡
Цһ¡
濴һûZ֣һлûZ֣Ҵɨ淢Z֡
ֵҼȥˡ
ҧҧ濴Ȼһ֡
ܣ
ţϱܰȰѱ߾ƽZⱲӾȻսˡ
£˭ļս
ɩ侲µۺۣҲԸڵĽҲˣʵôԸ⣬ʵ
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