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ӢƣϿɾǳ檵ˡ
ȴĻ㾡ˣһͱ̴ڿ
ʼգ̴ڵн¡
İ
̴һܡ
âɣܾ裬С
̴ֻӴ󵶣ܻ
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ǰĴն¡
ֻ֮ĥһ
̴ڣ󵶣Ҳյסϸ


*****±Ԥաɫİ*****

     ֪

      ط׸ҵĳϱòεε仨һȴӹ壬ķŮ֪԰Զ֮

      ֪ϲд磬Ϊ˰ݼڣʱʱճλɩɩȴӲã·ᴩ

      ųɩǴɽĿ֪άɩΪΡ

      ɩҪ·ӣǮ

      ɩҪȫ磬ȦǮ

      ɩߣϥ⣬壡

      ֱɩ˻ѣ֪˫Ӳʵš

      Уеģ

     ۡ

      طĻϣϿ֣ڴ󳼱ˣɽ౾ˡ

      һͷңʼ̻ȻиƤҩһճԼСӡ

      ꣡

      һ߷˻ΣСӡ

      ۣ縸ɩĸ׮£޲ͬ⣡

*****歡İ*****

    ĻXɡ

     һ仰ܣºҺͻ˽ˡ

     ǻʼҵļҳһٹ

     ȴΪһ˫һۣɫ歾˱֡Ľ˿ȸ˳ʱڻʱڵΡ

     ڡ֡ǿռɭĵס쳡

     磺壬Դ𣿡

     쳣ߣʲô

     ҧңһᴵġ

     쳶΢ŷС죬ֲ̧ıѪ

     **

     Ĵֵ

     ȴְƣĿŲһС˵ı

     쳣Ѿͷԣٴһ

     ˽֪ݰѩ£硣 
==================

1

˷Ĵøĳ٣ʹ£ιķ绹̹ǡ
̨⣬۵ô̶Զ⼣߰ߵȴ˽Ӣʮꡣ
ӣˣ۾СŮһųصһߵĵ߲ΡΡ̫
ȻӢţǰŸ̫㱻̫Ϲؽ乬ʮͷ׷Ƶɫȴڲס۽ǵġ
ӢĻɫ£۾ϸϸԼõһơ
룬뾫ϸš
ˣůˣʡӢָ·۵ĴȰǵٺãȵùء
̫еڴСŮͷСԹţ̫ôѣʹûϴ
Ҹ̫ϰǰ빬Ϊַ̫ĸࡣ
ҲҸ̫ջϹΪս˷ȫʤˣ
̧Žǰ̨СŮε̾˿
ƽ޹ʵģ̫Ҫ̫˴ûʲôģԼȴ̵ӣʮû̫ί
乬סûͷȻðҵģ
̨һյ߲㳯Ӣ˹ɽȲɫȹ
Ӣۿ÷ŵĻŮӣ߬¹һԵ檸̫밲̫δʱ̨û١
ûѧԣҶ죡̫ϲĵŹڵϵˣƳֱߵ̸㣬ɫüһЦ
ӢڵϳĬţĵѺÿʮ±ᷢһΣԼй꣬ʮ㶼ôġ
ʵТ˳һ³ӵСЩϲ̫һĸ㣬ţ乬ճԿʲˣҲûǸθڣԵݶ͡
Ӣ̧ǿ㣬еĻɫ±ָץӡǡ
ۻ軨Ҳϴװŵ÷ӷ⣬ĸеĸ㣡
ŰеգӢҧ´ͷš
ϻԵĹʹ˸ɫ̨ڵĹǷ׷˳ȥֻǶˡ
ϵӣŤ֫ߵӢǰӸµһ㽫һ÷ӷ⵹ͷϡ
Ӣ۾ɫҰףһ仰˵Ϸ˿һץסķ٣ͷԼôĸı֮ﶼϵˣ㵨죬мڰҵʹͣ
檡ңӢѵĴ߬е¡
ΪΪ࣬ίܹˣһΣ
ͳԸҿšϳķ٣ķȫ
ɫͨ죬ֹסĿԣϸץմķ⣬ţҧгݵԣҳȥ
ӢƴƳ֣ȴϰϺݺݵһŽ߷ڵء
ֻһƵĹͷ֮Ӣͷ亹ڵأѹԼϵĽЬ˺ѷεʹŻ
ҵ֡
ҵϢʹӢͿţŻЩ⣬ȴħĳϵӣһȦȦĲϡ
ûˣӢΪ𣿡
ϵˤ˵ϵӡ
ӵǣһ㣬仺ĻӢգѪŰմףϺ۾ͷЦš
˰ʮ꣬ˣ޿ɽҵҪ㻹ʲôͬұȣ
˵գٴ˦һѪӢ۽ѿ
ϼݵ
ƳĻϣ˦Ӣķ٣ܵǰƣδʵ۶ݳʲôˣˡ
Ƴڵϣ׷Ѫ̫һЦת̫ĸˣ޵ĲТʵЦţеĺ첼ӣ޸ĸ˺ö
еĴڵϣ湾һѪͷ­һֱӢԡ
ˣʵۻۻ֮ŻңĳĶ㵽˻ϵȴڿͷ­ʱ¶Ц⡣
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ڴŤͷԼߵͷ­ɱĳʱһѪ˺䡣
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ʣ֣Ųȥͷ­ѪˮһһΣŽͷ­ıڻ
ڵϷãһ˻𣬻ص̨С
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㵽ʲôŷŰѿڶˣŵŻϡ
ֽ̧̫Լ󣬿ѪˮԵܿܣ޴˴̫࣬ӦΪ޿Ĳǣ
˵ĻӢĹһˣŻͷ­ʧǵĴӵϵһ¡
ף㿳ͷ­ģ׾˾ˣģҵడӢظʹ
޶ʮ̫󣬳̫޲֪ף
ŻݾӢͷŵڽԵǼδ£ĵԳһЦ
۾űӻİϣ̧Ĩ˰ϵѪ
ǰ׼ңһͱǶߣԼͬİ·ΪУ
ӢֻƵô۾Ż
Żͷ­ƾһһɿƲסѪζȴٵĳĺ
Щ÷ӷ⣬Ȼ˶ġ
»һѪ۵ϡ
ͷ­ĹڵأӢմѪˮصĵ˻ϺͰϵǰ
ŵһϢ̫˺һסԼӵ˾䣺ˡ
ǰʧȥ˹⾰ӢֻԼϺ¡¡ģϡõһľѹһɳƵ˻𣺡Ӣ
**
ӢԭΪԼữȻȥ̫ϣð߾ȥһһɶ
ȴĻ걻˹ײԼʬԣá
̫˼ɼ˯жܾݣ䰲ꡣ
ʵװʬĹľƾɲİ乬ûкǵĿͣԼӶûһۣӢûԼ
ûԼǰģ
Ͼ˷ʮһֱԼΪΨֱ֮
ӢڹײϣľͷһֽǮźȻһģһס
ֻסԼʬ̫ϵ磬ϢԼ˳ιҰ
ӢΪԼһδҹ۵ųƣΪԼ˾µױݣڸס˿ڡ
ȴĬһ仰ûԼ˵
ӢرϲԼķɫ֬ϲɫġ
˵乬ӢԼʬ˲߲ݵգԼͷߵһ죬ӢԼĵһ޽С
ȴΪ
үүͦס̫ҽ̫ҽߵС˹߶޴Ĵ޴š
ֹסѪ۾ӿţҲʳѪҺ
˫ץΣڴڵĿʼŻѪӢµ캰֣ȴԼǹ»ֶ꣬á
ôˣ
ôö˶˵ĻѪ
ŹײǰһѪӢֻԼȻεúܣöת
Լʧ壬ǧ˫˺ڵ
Ҳ֪ԼĴеĻɢһ̺ǸСֹһʲô
ү̫ѾȥˣүΪԾǺοأͲ֪ģ                        
лҪ˵峤ڹӭˣϲСʹղɣϣҳ谮
  ˵飺
  1̴ڣquǰˣѹ׼䲻ҡ
  2زԣҪѽ
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  4ǳ࣬Ӱ⣬ո
  5ǰ۴꽵䣬лСɰǵ֧֣
  **
  ߴĹ±Ԥաɫ歡İѹңϲСɰԴרϡ
  ١ɫİ
  ֪
  ط׸ҵĳϱòεε仨һȴӹ壬ķŮ֪԰Զ֮
  ֪ϲд磬Ϊ˰ݼڣʱʱճλɩɩȴӲã·ᴩ
  ųɩǴɽĿ֪άɩΪΡ
  ɩҪ·ӣǮ
  ɩҪȫ磬ȦǮ
  ɩߣϥ⣬壡
  ֱɩ˻ѣ֪˫Ӳʵš
  Уеģ
  ۡ
  طĻϣϿ֣ڴ󳼱ˣɽ౾ˡ
  һͷңʼ̻ȻиƤҩһճԼСӡ
  ᣡ
  һ߷˻ΣСӡ
  ۣ縸ɩĸ׮£޲ͬ⣡
  ڡ歡Ļ*
  һ仰ܣºҺͻ˽
  İרעϡ

2

 ˯ˣѾ˷ɲʱһˡ
š֨߹һƿϲ˯Ӣ
΢۾ϲ߽ķùãķ˸ӡ
ڶո˯ģҲֻйˣɡ
ͲסùһĴߴ٣Ӣ¸첲ڵɡ
ҡ֣ŵ÷ùеӶ˵ϣŵһһȦ㼱ҴҵܵϲǰһסӢ͡
ֺˣ¸˷ĹԳƱǴʶƺԼǴ˳ȥ˵˲صġ
Ӣһ£ùԼϵ֣һЦù÷ģ˯ͿˣӢ࣬ʺĸ˵ġ
ùĵͷӢϲһЦ
ƺԼ˶ʮ꣬ǸĿһʱ̵Ļǲϰߡ
ӢһϲĴɫִֽƱȼֻʣĩ˵ĺ֮ǳ˫ɶԵģ
ԼδµϲĵڶգӢϡоԼںڰε˺þúþãȴû뵽ص˷׵һ죡
ӢͭǰžԼ
ָ̧Լգ乬ﰵյǶʮ꣬ϵòӣʱԼһݡ
ͷԼɰգձϻòѪģĿ
Ŀɣùýʢˮϲԣһ߰ͷһ߿ͭеòĹÿ쿴žԼЦɡ
ŷùõĴȤӢһЦ
пĿͭԼͷķùãǿ޵˼۽ȴʪ
ùĸߵĵ˶ĸԼ˷˰۸Լһͬ˷
ʮ֣ǵֲϵݶ
ŷùðԼͿϿͣ˱Ƕζ㳡Լꡣ
ϣôˣӢģù÷ļѰ˼һԹҲǣǹòҹӶ֮ģ˷ȴǸϹ۵ģ֮վ˹
ùõıԹӢͣ꣬ʳָ۵׵ʪ󣬴ݵҹȥ˰ɡ
ӢֱԲ䣬ùһ»Ӧ˷˶ƭӣСʵʱĵ˵޹Ժλӭ⼸㷭ˣø֮λַܹǸѾͷΪ͹ͬմ飬û
Ӣ۾ת²ӣ㲨Ǻλ𡣡
ǵõ뿪ʱĸԼ֮ȳ͢ס
ĸ˵Լ˼ѣΨв룬ܰùĺ¡
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䲻Щ˼ݶ֮ȴδŹԼ
ӢߵϲԣһˮԼϡ
Ȼˣ㻻ЩϱӺ˺úöһ
Ӯˣλٹ⣬֮ϣԼ̥ʮµĻʶᱻ˶ȥҲܻסԼĸ
ˣ˾ͰһҲˣ˷ҶӾϵøɸɾģ
ϴ˿ںδڰ𣿡ӢʰɾӣɾԼա
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СʱǸعĥ˵ģԭΪ˻ЩⷬģҪ䱾ˡ
ӢſϣָžƺŷùЦ֮˱Ȼȥλ˷Сˣ
ŸſӢǼ̸ϡ
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յ˷ʱܲ䣬Լȴòôˡ
ϾǶʮ乬ӱȣⶼ㲻ʲô
˵Ϊ̨˷ɽ£䲻˷ĸûʣȴʤڴȪ˷ѵõů֮ء
Լ;ˮѿ䣬µļʱԲйݲ˴ʽ
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ǱԼĳಲӢԥƬ̣һ˫ѥ࣬˫ŲڻѩУһȪȥ
˫̤ȪУɫϲ۸Ȫϣһصף续һ㡣
ӢźƱڵȪ棬ǰĿ̴ڡ
ʮĲǣԼ㣬ǰ
̴ʵۣĸ˴ո׹ʡ
ӢԭΪǸѪϺӣڼ̴ʱȴü͸ÿʣЩ˵е¼ʵǳ֮֡
ҪǣϲλĶŮλԼİϣȣ
ǰӣӢӿ˿˿⣬ǱȴЦݡ
ôõĵطܶϳأ
Ӣֻԭ۾ˣ͵˫ۡ
˫ž
̴ڱʯŵ´ԼӢֱϿϲϣ
ԣ̴ڲûԤϵԼ⣬Ҳ𾪵Ƕ
̴ڽԼһ仰˵ӢϸüԹȻڴ֮³檣ȥ˰ϵķء
ָžƺЦŽǺƻȪÿһ次
֮ҹߣҹĺƶúˣ絹
еľˮȪӢ΢ĿһԵ̴ڡ
ںоˮ޼ʱ̴һץסֹסĶ
ץԼֻ֣ӢóһЦ繴Ķ
̴ֻڶȥеľƺŵһԺƱˮ󣬽һӢ
ӢžƱڱǼ⴦ҡ£۶ڼɽʯСŮƵǰһ
۲̴ЦȻ
ƣϿɾǳ檵ˣ

3

ԼⷬӢźƱֻһ£¶˶͵ĽתһߣٿԼ
УӢƳĶǻ
ϸϸ̴ĮȻģȵȪˮУƲŲӲľźƱԼָ⴦ֻ
еĲƽӢɨۻڼɽûߵСŮʳָȪˮȵʪ⣬̴ڵ촽롣
Ӣо̴ڻһӲתͷԼĿ⣬Լ·ڿһ治ˡ
ڳ檵ĸűһһ̴ڣȪˮ͸ɫϲʪĹϣĽ次
űӵֱĴļͷһĻƹĲָ޵Ļļǡ
ӢŽż⣬촽ԼĺƱڣ̴ڵĶƣҪôȵģ
ۿһ̴ڣ˿̶ñȷŻҪŨң¶Ȫˮı۰򶼺͸
̴ֻƳһԼ˫ۣŲ´һʹģ
Ӣ˳߿ԼƼ紦ϼѾֱۣɫĵǶȪˮӳԵøۡ
ԥһ£㻹ҧ´򦡣
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Ӣ̧һԼĳ¶˳Ĳ̴ڣͷĺơ
һǣӢָĨȥߵľգ۱̴ڿٵͷһСƣȻһƿ˹ϵԼ
ֻͨһȪˮĽš
̴ڷŸҪת뿪㱻һק˻ȥ
ͷԼϵCϵĽһͷ֪ʱ˽Ӣ
֣
ڳӢżͷ̴üǣץĽĵԼһȦһ¡
ҹһ޵տҪУ
ųｿ޶˵Ӣ̴һԼĽȦϵ˸εᡣ
캮ضӢذɡ˵̴ھȻתӣ˫ֳʯȪء
վѩϵˮεڵء
ӢͻȻͳڵҹӡҲϲϣ
̴䲻ĻӢпʯϱֱۡ
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һһȻֱӹˤѩ̴ڣӢŴǣ˾䣺ƭӣ
żɽߵĹŮĿʯȪ
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ӼɽߵĹŮһ·ܻիһȦ󣬲ں˷š
Σģ
һѾ׹ǰİȼվ
ȥյϲ˼̷ɫİٻȹͨĴʮȴſȸĽ˿ҡȸۻǶŶĿĺ챦ʯԻ߹
˷ĶŮ˷ΪŮ黭ͨ񾲣ˮ˫ǲһƳҲ˲ͷ
˷ȴ˲λŮδʱ˵ֻ˷һˡ
Ů׹ܵǰūؿƵˣȷҥеһ๫þ˵еĺ꾫һ㣬ū澿һЦӶֵģūⱲӴûôÿˣ
׹ݣʧǵ̱ϣʳָеӣĵżŮӣֻ۾һһ죬ܳɣ
ɲ֪üģȴūϵǿǶܹµĺܣ
ֻ˻һڰȵﱻ˺ֱ꣬Ŷ˵ϡ
˵ʲôħֶҺͱλã
ŰĶ׹Ƶǰū澿Ů˾һ࣬ȣǼֱһǵһϣ
ϵŭɢЩ׹ּţͻϿ÷С޲£ŮܱȵģĸǰЩֶμֱԲ
׹ĻȽŲӣ̧Լͷϵ鷢
ҹ˯ģûȥ̧ۿ׹ŵš
ū澵Ϣм٣ͷİɣ
ȷϺ󣬰ȵϲ¶ЦݣѰ˼һת׹ȥѸ˴ЩҰɽ
ҹʱӢźж񣬱ů¯ſڡ
ŵǼλˣǱ˸ĪҪĿͣķ׷׵ԴǰһС
ӢǰһҪƿţžԼˣ
ֻڵ̴˫ַϣֱϹźվԼʱ鶼Ӳˡ
Լǰһס̴ڣӢĿ´һֱϵϡ
ɫʽŮӵ
ӢϸǺĻϣůģ
ĬһӢüë̵ǰһ
ţ̴ڵţŲ޵
Ͽ棬˶

4

̴ڻǵԼǰһŵģӢһֱ˽ȥ
˳檣ϻ˶޸ǳء
̴ŤͷԼ޵ҡڵӢĬ˷š
ŮӵĶڻľϣתˣǲˣ
ӢתһȦŤתͷź˵ϲΪ飬ǲ֪Ȥء
ӢΪˣ̴ԣɫ
˫֣ӢŽŸһЦ
ִﻳͳһСƿЦŻ˻εҩѽȪ檿ˤǲɡ
۾Ӣеҩƿ̴ޱϵ౾ȫƹǰĽӢشϣͷ౾
ˣӢذɡ
ŵ̴ţӢר־ģ֪ʱپȥԼִ֪磬ûȤ
ȪԼһ̽ԼĽӽ̴ǿܣûԼǸõĿʼ
Ϊ˿̣ԼľǾ͵òʧˣ
˼ãӢ㽫еСҩƿϣǱȻϿЩٰۣҩϣϲ쳼߰ɡ
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ż
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ʱֻһߵӢİڼŴȥ
ϣǳ檡
⽿Ӣһ˶䣬۾ӡڵϵǸӰ
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žӦİΪԼ̫Сˣٴοţϣ캮ضģ檿Խȥ𣿡
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Ịָ̇÷졣
ǰȽյķǴˣŲǰӰȼ׽ߵ̨ȹﴦ׵Ŷ磬¶ҹ˯ȣ
ǰֵİȣӢĵһЦųףԼҲʮδˡ
ˣЪˡ
ͻŮ͵̧ͷǰпſϣŵֵŮʱֹסҡһ¡
ŰɫҰ׵ģӢϸ۽ǽһת˰š
ϲҵĲ˯ǰǲ£˯ģ
ȲĵĽӢͣ˶ͷƳ۲ĵİȣĿŵ

ϲ
ӢȵתӣһЦ
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ϣӢĨ´ǣ˯ðȣǱ˷ҹۣǶлˣ
˵ӢһЦתĵ˷š
ȿյĴ룬ʧһЦ
׹Ǳȥɣǡ
һ·ί߻իһأӺʹˤڵ
޵ȵͷץϵĵ沼ĬúƷϵİڼһ̶Ѳŵ沼ﱻ˺롣
Ů
ӢŶӴ˸á
жһ뵽ǳ԰֣֮ǷĶġ
Ӣȥʲô
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䲻ôһ䣬ӢһЦ㽿欵ǱϿҪΪأǿǺȹǺƵġ
⴦һĨźɫ̴ŤͷߵӢƳ˰ۣе㹾ڵء
ڵһ´Ӵվ۾ɳƵȥ·ϣ
ӢŴᣣ̴糺ĶЦһ˵檴·ɫЩˡ
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صһϡ
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¹תͷۻľʣµǼ£ֵͷ˿ԼϱŵЩСϣЩҪū͵¥ȥ͵ס
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౾ϵ̫ӣ˻ϵ˼Щ꣬ȥ밲ǣ
̴ڷϵ౾򵥵ɨһ۱㶪һԡ
Ĺ˵ķҶҪʱЦ
תϵСҩƿãǽ߬
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뿪̨գյĶѩҲͣˣǰŴıӭ׶飬ȴϱһޡ
˷˵캮ضģӻǺãūɴûϳɵƤӡùòӢŵǼ޶ֹס̾š
Ӣ˽ڵ޴ŵů¯ùõ
ū澲䡣ùЦŽů¯ӢϵĶøʵЩз˾һů͵úܣū澶зݣǽ˹Ĺء
ŷùϲģӢҲ¶˾ΥЦݡ
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ãԭһͳˣýҡ
ӢתһѩЦӯӯĳԼ

5

Ӣ۾ŰȽǧߵԼǰԼ˫֡
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ŰԼǰ̬⽿ӣӢһüǣ֡
Ӣ˫ضԼСů¯λ
⻰ȵ˫ֽڰУɫһѿ
һȦΧŵĹ˺ѹŭ𣬳ӢһЦݡ
ǽ㲻׵ˣδüýԼòҪЦǡȵͷɬһЦȣҸױ˷Ҷͬռ޸̴磬ԺǱԽΣ
Ӣ񾲵ģãﴽһЦ
̴еÿ޼䣬ͺϱԼǰݵϷ룬һģһ
ˣǱ˼ɡӢЦֽͷϵöȸ˿ҡק˳ųͷ
Ľҡ̧ƳŰһŵı飬ɫԽĲҰףӢŲҡԼָתš
Ȼˣҡ͸ɡӢǲҡߣһЦ
ԼɢͷҧгݵıеȻЦ˵ϲв͵ĵֻҪ곤ü꣬㻹ɡ
ӢĽҡ˻Σһ򽲾򣬱ĵչȴ˷壬ȻˣĪǡ˷Ǹĵط
ƳŰȱ̵ģóһЦ
Լʮ꣬ǶʱյգҪðҲȫһ飡
˵Լ꣬ȷǻʮ꣬һʮİڲϡ
עԴǡ
Ӣ˼ع̴ڡ
ͣڰȵ࣬ӢӭĮĿ⣬ؾص檼ϡ
ȵ̬һ̴Ҳϱһʱ޿̲ļϵλ
̴ڿ˵Ӣ檸յ˷Ͳס䣬ЪϢˣϲҪ
ûǰ̴ںͰȵı飬Ľ˿ҡڷùõĲתԼǼȥ
̴վԭأһֱֱӰ԰ȺԼ˵Ļ
磬λ๫᲻᲻ദ
̴ӣͷĬ
̴ڲŲߵĿֱ۵ǰҹȥ˶ãͲȣȴϱûء
ļͷ磬ų檣
Ǹý㡣
̴ͻļͷͷ̴ڣȴԼĻг˸첲
Ȳĵһס֣ϸ΢Ƕδˣɷͬ檹һسǣ
ͷۺİȣ̴ڵͷĿһ˫ϣյ˫΢Żû³֣һͷ㴫˷ùõ
ӣ÷ӸҲɡ
̴ڿ͹Ů̸ŵķùãɿ˰ȵ֣Ǳȥ
£
ùͷǰ̴ڣ͵͵һԼ׵ػϣҼҹǰճͶ٣ӻûһӷӰ쳵̣ū澳ҪЩӡ
̴Ƭ̣תԸһԵĳ¹ȥЩӸӢ¹ȴǳݻӦ̨Ҵææģණûü׼ʱЩʳ̨⼸նˡ
ǰùþ޴ӣ̴Ǽԥúȥ
ô๫ˣ׹ŰȵֱۣŲӳ߿š
ֲϹòѣɫ͵̴ƿӢӣЦӯӯָȴ׹ֱ
̴һӢںë̺õλϣ̺Ѭ¯ҧӣ紺Լ
̴ڱ۾˿
мˣ
ϿӳԵģӢľһӣ̴ڻЦš
̴ӾĮƳһƵóģӢԶλϡ
Ӣе⣿̴ڿֱۿ
ӭ̴ڵɫӢǰö׽ɵԼߵ֭ˮ
Ÿ첲ǻ˵ϲ𣬳ǰ˻ء
޺ʱ˵Ƿ
ӢָԼɢķ˿۽ǽĵȪϺͳԧϷˮʱ
Ҫ˵ˡ̴ı۾Ｗ˾䣬
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Ӣſ̺ϣϸϸ
̴ڽһ࣬ӢͱԹ檺ͻϳɻˣΪλΪӢ
⼸ӢŬϱӺ̴ڵ飬̴ȻϵԶҲûԼӢԶ
ԼʩչҪ룬ȴܸо̴ڱϱӸԽӽˡ
Ӣ۾ԼôԶ̴ڣôˣǿҪԼ־밡
̴۾ſţоߵһ
˫ۣŤͷѾŲԼߵӢǰ˫ֲԾץ
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ô󣬳檾Ǿû⴦ӢٵֹҪ˵ĻͷĵЦš
ӢɫһһԭΪתܣȴ̴ֻԼŵλϣ±۾
Ȼ̴֪ϲǰȣȴû뵽ͷеģҪѿУ
ͷʣΪԼҪһУƺҲҪȥģ
̨ӢſڴϣͷŽнԶɽ
Ӵ˵뿪Ҫˡ
˷ȴԼЩˣЩԹԹҲҪˡ
ϱԼǰһĻſڴϵӢۿ
˹Ҳټˡ
紵Ӣմʹúܣһ뵽Լϱ乬˥ϣԼ곤İȴݹӢæ˴ӣԴ
˫ִ˴ȵС޹¯Լա
ⱲҪСԼвʱǸȥ
ӢԵĿȵĺܣһתͷ̴ڵӡ
һӢЩϵ¿ˮ
ö˶˵ģôԼʲô
ӢҲó̴ȻûԤϵԼͻȻͷҲû뵽ǻɲɵĿԣȻҲȵı۾ȴһƬ
Ӣ򶨵ֱͦ壬üһ䣬Ц֮˽֮ϹĿ檱ǣ͵͵ġ
̴ҧŸɬ촽ŬԵĻ
ƽã̴ĿɨӢӢһ𣿡
Ӣֱ˫ۣ仰ʵġ
⻰Ǻ⣿
Ӣ۾пЩʲôᣬϲ
̴ڵȴʲôû
ӢһöӣҧСҡͷ˳檵ֻۣԻһˣ
һ䣬Ӣ̴ֻԭɫһ˲˵𺡣
ĿԣӢһ㶡
ϱԼ̴ദ꣬ȴδйɫ
̴ֻͻȻͣ
ûӢӦ̴ĬƿӣԼһۣʹȥ
ӢĿɿڴƿϵĽˤڵϵ̴ڱ¹ӣԼǼ
ǡˣ
лҪ˵Ӣϣֺˡ
̴ڣûж  ԣ

6

һ·ĳڵǺڵ·ƽһЩ
Ӣһöӣһ٣µ
ùƿһԵӣ̽̽ūԭΪ˷شƶ񤣬˷ȴǱ̻Ի͵öడ
ӢƽĴСϻóһɫ޺Ŀ֬ͳͭſ֬⼸Ϻ֣˴ոף˷ѲǴǰСġ
ͭ
λҰֺֹˣʮſһֱ⣡
ССͣôôпùýѬȵ¯ŽӢ˵ţ˹ǹӦð˼ڻϣܱסĵλסİȣвˣСƢˡ
Ӣͷοķùõ֣ùðģзִ硣
ԽĹӭӢϵϵĶ񣬰ͦصĸ˷ùõ֡
߰ɣ
ĴǱǰһ·Ӣ̴ڵҲ࣬Ƴ̴ߵİȣ˽ϵĶ񣬿һӵϵĴǡ
źһϺ۵ӴȺվǰ档縳ףۣɢɵ
ϥĹӢݺݵİһ͵͵һߵİȡ
ԶŮȻһ·ɫǰһױһף
һۻԵĽӢɫһ
λ๫ɫжţվǰŲһ
Ļĳ࣡
ףС⼸δڼ̷ϥ£ɻ
Űǰ֣Ӣ˸ۣһ
δʲôТϷ롣
Լͣһ̧ͷͶ̴䲻Ŀ⡣
Ӣ򶨵ĽԼĶ񣬳һЦ
Ҳ᲻СȣڶӻƿС㣬ֽΪޣжԶԵȻˣ
ݺŰȺ̴ڵ֣ӢͦصתתСů¯
ӢۿȺǸΧڰ߿ڿڷУʲôΪ󹬱ʣʲôȮŮʲôĵɫ
ûһԼԼϱһģһ
ӢͰȣһЦ
ƥ㻹ϱӵĽӢǵű
ֻӢǰһק̴ڵڣš
ϣ檷ˡ
֮һ˲˰ͷ֣¶ʱһƬž˵ĿⶼͶ˽Ӣ
Ŀ֮£Ӣ̴ڲŵ˫ۣЦȻ
ã̴ڽԼڴק˳ȴһֱ
棬ĴǷ׷׷͵ЦЦԼʲô۵顣
ӢɨһԵİȣ˿ֻ̾Ӯ˵ĶŲ۾˼ϣ
ʱЩͲмУ̴Ӣһ֡
ǰĬ̴ڣӢһЦǣ֡
Ǹ
Ӣǣ߳Ⱥһ·ߵƫƧ˴̴ڲͿ֡
檾֪ģʵúܡӢֻǣ֣˸ۡ
̴üͷƳһۣתͷҲص뿪ˡ
㷽ŻūˣҪǻϲӦ㣬ɸǺã̴һ߷ùñµĳԹ
Ӣŷùõĸ첲ݵȻ˷ʵʵȨ󲿷ֶһȻҪķ֣ԣٲԸ⣬Ҳҵ棡
ͷͷǵӢùòŴͣ𾪵ʲôʱôıˣū澸оһƵġ
磬ĸҲߣԺ˷Ҫǳıƻùÿ׼ͬۏһۏ̲ˮ
ùţӢһЦӦū澾⹬˭ҪǸ۸ū澵һĲ
ӢЦס˷ùõֱۣڵġ
һ֮ù̷ĹǷ׷֪ȤĻرܵ𴦡
ںŴתˤŻƿİȡ
ŮѻƿңԼеĻƿĿ˫֣ȷϰû˺󣬲һ
ƿϣĵˮһݸ˰Ⱥ󣬱ϣͷ˲㡣
۸Ůͷˣôܰĵĺ첱Ӵֵһƨࡣ
һ뵽ŽӢǸŮ棬Żϵ뿪ĽǱˤ˵ϡ
СȰ֮Ů˷Ź㣬һֻҰ˿ڲˮҪʺˡ
Ȳĵ߬ӣߵŮ뷨跨ĹϣѹңڹһŮͲʹһգ
СһֱеĽ㣬òѧʶ˷Сûһܱȵ
ԴӢǸŮˣһжһˣܹί
ҲܣҪŮѵУȲĵ
һ߷еĲ豭һ߻˵ŮҪģڻʱ򡣵ͬϵףһҪҪ⽫Ҫ̳˷λģǳ๫Ķӣ
һ⻰ֱӣŵѲɣҪҿǸŮãҲϣŮ
С㰡ǵ˳ģвĵ๫պ˻ӣӵĸΪˣ˵Ĳ㣬С˵Ҳ㡣ֻŰָָԼŵ˷Ψ˵㡣
гģȻЩһ뵽ӢǸԹ
ˣŮһ뵽ԺҪ̧ͷͷģǲʹ졣
ȵͷСſͷҲǲԣֻҪɸɾϺλ
Ůסɻ
ľַش֮й˶ãСҪȥ֮ˣҪȥֻۼݵ԰С˵š
׽㣬׽㣡
ͻĺźӵóһЦļˡ
ֻصһƿɫˮȹŮ˽ڿһ㶣ܿһĵӿǰȥ
ʱƤһֱܾͣýײϹˣȻ˰׽㣬Ҳڴˣ
ŮϲЦտĸ˰ȵ֣࣬üЦòƽһĻá
֪հ׽ҹû˯ãⲻͣ𡣡Űȵ֣ЦٶҪһ
úúãƽСȣϷͲﰭְˣϽڳطǽ˵˵强Цųʹ˸ɫת뿪˽
ǰһߣ˰ȵԣɫŵ˵ǸĺӸɫˣ
ȼŵŵĻ߬ӵͷʵĵչҲһŮűǣίء
չΣ˷ϵŮҲҪģҪģſĵطŰȵļ򣬻ðɵ˵š
㲻֪߻Ṵϣڹǲùˡ
Űί滨ģֺ㲻صģǽǰͰźˣǺӵסŵƫƧúܣҡû׼һݴء
ȳһ£ŷгӣɻ񣿡
Щͷ⹬˭˵أ
ŷݣգһЦ

7

ʼùñһ߷Ӣֱۣһ߲Ұ졣
ⳣλãݣ䲻֦ҶС
ֱƿ޵Ĵţùһֱŵϲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ⳣҲ޵ùȥ̼յģù˶
Ӣפ޵ſڣ洦ɼ̿裬ͬů⣬üһЦһ
ùòҪĵ̫磬ⳣǸƫƧ֮ض亮ģȴΨ޵ůʤɲʲô¡
ңϱӣϸϸҲֻиսգܹ
ԼҲǳɵ֪Ϊ˷ҲǰԼ
ٴοⳡ棬ȫǸӻˮʼٸߣ޲ýЩ̿Ӷ۵ȥ
ǷʲôԾùýߵ̿ԣżϸϸĹ۲һС˵ţū澵ûЩ̼ʲôⰡ
Ӣݵǰһûͷù˵ϻԺ㴫˹Ů̫ǵʰ
ŷùʹ˸ɫͶ˱ת̤޵
ūǶǳǲŮ밲
ԺСŮĹţӢŴͷ˵ǸŮڵʲô֣
ӵĻūɡ
ľģɣӢһ
İ治Ӵ͸֣߸ȫǻģ
Ӣһ޵Щ̿ӣһ
ⱲӲʰʰѾͷԲŲЩ̿ӡ
ֻӢЦͷɣǸ֣
ӢϸϸһȦŮǵݣϤˣˡ
ڶұ߶СŮŲʮһ꣬ԲԲϹ˫۾һЦŻſɰý
ؼǣ˶ڵϵͷΨ˫ַϥϣԴԼ
Ӣ´һȦⲻˣ
ʲôӢָ̧ʵ
СŮӢָԼ۾һܳЦӣūС-
һСĻߵĹŮһЦ˳ȴСŤŤӣƲһЦ
ӢϸϸСı飬ǸѵСѾͷ˷ʮľδװǰã
Ƿùãʱչ˱ģԺⳣĹ¹ùãҪ֮⡭ӢŹڵϵɣɵǸģԺŷùãһ𵽵źɡ
лʶūպ󶨵ĽߵڵأɫƻóһЦ
ŹڵлɣŵСֿ˿ӢǾͣŲµӣƾʲôȥźūҲúܣūҲҪȥź򣡡
ⳣ˵ʲôʲô˭ǸҷùõİӰɡ
ùɷģСĵԴȴǲĵ͵͵һǰɡ
ָ곣ЩŮӢŤɵηҹܲһȥΪЩ̼
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һ˵껰˷תߣȴ֪ϲزסЦݣȫսӢС
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ҹΪּ̼ԭ޵ůڵġ
ӴӢűӣ۾һֱ޵ķš
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µǸӣȻû뵽ԼڵůӣҪѾͷ֪ʲôʳ
ʱֻ޵ͻȻ˻˻˻һ˷һƬ
ӢŴɣ¶˿־壬ֱһŲţӢҧָͷ͵͵Цš
ߣ߰߰
ɲĺӢװ𾪵ĴӴǴŲӡ
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˰
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һ´ڼϵĳŵϵĵɫĩЦһ
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ӢŤͷƳһŻȥɣӵܡ
ùĻһ֪ţ鵽Ӣӵߡ
㣬𶯣ǧ𶯣
Ӣ˳ŷùýŵĿһŤͷԼϵֻС˸Ŀԡ
ֻӢһڷùõĿɿڴ£һסߵߴ紦Լļץ
㡭
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ǳĻỤ̃ӢЩµվԭأԾŴ͡
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ĪǣⱲӳ˷ҲȲҪԼ
ӢһͷˮʱƺƵĹ˺ӳſӿ˽һۣݰԼ̴һ㶡
ϣô
ûԼ˵̴꣬ڳ嵶ɱ֮ĳԼ

8

һѪӢڣŵڽűߵǰζʬ壬֪ĽŵСԴ˵ϡ
ǰ̴Ŵ۵嵶һץס󣬽ӢൽĻ
ӢЩ㶵ͷһĮ飬ȴƺҧźҧÿ֨֨졣
۾һת˫һ̴̱ڵĻ
ϣŻˡӢ˫ץ½󣬽ԼСȥװ˾Ƶò˲䡣
ôһŪ̴˽ԭأͿɿӢֱۡ
̴ڵͷŻˣҪƿɽȴһŲ
ץץ֮УʹŻﲻֵĴţ˳Ľë΢΢ţǽӲ
СѾͷƫʲô
ùõӢŴ̴ڵĻ΢΢ԴֻǸСͷԼɵЦš
СľͰԼϺһĨЦūȥ𰡡
СǹͷǺںСùżİļ򣬽Ƴ˳
СѾͷȥʲô𣬸Ͻȥ㡣
˵̴ڴЩܼʱˮƫҲյķ©˸סˡ
޵߱ץòˣԷһ̴ڻǽŲ˳°˹
ô͸ŵӺ͹ˣ
ӢڴϣԼ滨¶ӴϹŵɫ᣶ŽߣŽ߷˵ġ
໹δʱҲû˯㻪Ĵ齡
ϴɷģﲢûб߳ҧĺۼ
ӢתͷŹһص̫ҽŮҽֿŵ͵͵һԼĴȡ
ԭⲻΣ
ϱԼбЩҧڣ̴ڲûԼŲҽԼ̫ҽһָСѧͽ
Լ󣬷˷ŵЩ߶޶ģȻԼ˷һ춼ȥ
˷պж֮ԣ˴ΧֱΣ̴ڴߣüͷš
̴֮мȥͼӢȴ֪ٲȥҲֻҳڱķƽ£Լķȥ
ӢüͷһԼ¶
˸ӣ̴ִڵϥϡ
ӢȵĳԴ̴һЦǳ󣬽ЩС˹ְѻ˹ʳ̴ָڵϥϴȦȦ۲ת
̴ɨ̫ҽŶ侽ȵĿ˼İǿӢ֡
ȴκαԼǿСקۣԼָ⴦š
檶˾ţϻ˼ôס
Ľ̫ҽǵĶУʱȴ͵͵̧ͷλ
˷ϣۺ飬һһЦд̬Ż۵ָ次
˭סĵò
̴ٴΰǿֵָ˫һץסԼϥǣǽӲĶ˶ɳƵ޺ʱ׹㣿
Ӣſڴϣϸ۽ƳԹ·ϣǻڲˣȪ檶
̫ҽȷް𣿡
̴תƻ⣬סԼĻӢָԼͷƲƲ͡
ȷʵްЩۻƷ۸պø߳棬ǹＪࡣ
ӢŤͷԼ̴ڣѲƷŵľȣúܣԼ䡣
һ£ı̴ܿڣЩ̫ҽǵϣЦſڵȻ̫ҽǶ˵ްɱȴúܣ֪ɷ̫ҽָӣ
֪ﲻ
̫ҽǽŵӢŤͷ̴ڣȻһ֪̫ҽǿСеķӣ
һж̴֣𾪴Ӵվͨĵ
ӢŭĿԲģϷ·дŲ֪߳ĸ֣˫ֶ
⣬⡭У辻
£ȫ£
̫ҽǻһ˦ͷ亹ʶȤķ׷׵Դ˳޵
ͷ̫ҽһŸţԥһ£èСĲ䵽ڵСϣȻûˣߵǸŮ˵òᣬ첲ҧ˲˵Ҳ˿ڡ
̴ڱ˫֣üͷһ֪ˣ̫ҽҽξͺá
̫ҽ뿪Ӣֱпڴϣų檣ϿҪǣ
̴ڻͷۿĬ
̴ŭһҪ˦뿪ӢٵסڣװίҪˣ㳼𣿡
һϣӢҲˣЩϢɡ
̴קקԼ䣬ȴô֡
ҽ˼£̴һ˦Ӣ֣ȴŵĶҲһ˳Ĺڵء
ӢŲӿϵöӣһ㶣ܿ¶˻Ц
ķǣϵͣɱȲӳʵ
޵صӢЦ̴ͣȵĸ˵ϵöӡ
ΪԼѾƽĲȴ֪Լһ˫˿Ѿ÷ϣӳӢС
̴ӣͦص̤˷ţȴӲĻľͷˡ
ں÷ţ̴ڵͷӣҡҡͷ
ö˶˵Լʲôӣ
̴뿪һùñͭŶ롣
ū˵Ӻ͹⹬ûʵĹϵĹģһλסӣǻϵף
ӢӦƵĵͷ
һλ̴ڵףһλǵ˻ʺİȣ
Ӻ͹λʺĹϱӿԼסɵĵط
̴ΪνԼڴˣ
ӢŷŴеӣüͷš
̴֣ϱӶԼ̬ȲˣϲҲһֱǰȣԼЩֶãҲôǣ
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ⲻû¶𣬷ùþͰİȵķŽӰɡӢüһ䣬Цġ
ô֪˷߽ģ
ӢɫݵشƫƧֿɽ֣Ӳݴⶬ촦Ψ޵̼յģ߳棡
ùûȻĵͷѹ޵ôӣ˹Ϊ֮Ҫùأ
Ӣοķùõ֣ЦصڣЩ߳涼޶ģ˷߶պ䣬Щ߳ҲҪڣĲвӢ°ͣ˼ҸĳЩ˳ˡ
ӢĻùһͷˮţҲ֪еĳЩ˰ָ˭
ɻྪδ˵Ľ֣ɹǽ֦Ҷ϶ģеӾôͽȥץأԺɲôΪˣ
ӢһЦǷù֪Լ乬ǶʮΰģͲԼˡ
Ϊ˻Ϊ߳϶Ե£ǡ
ùãȥ׼Щ
ͻȻҪЩʲô
Ӣڴϣüһգйš
Ȼڶ緼ùø˺ò裬Ӻ͹˼λˡ
Žչ߳棬ˮΪ㵣һҹӷ棬һˮƵġ
Ӣõһ裬治ɫĿǰ̬ˡ
˷ɾ׽ĳⲻҽһյ׽Ҽ㡣
˵ıǷˣ˷Ψһ̴ڰѪԵϵûУȴ׷ͷ
ӢЦƽͣ˵ӻλƽԻ˵һС뱲ӡ
ŷڰǰķеģӢЦһ
ԼǣƣȻҲǵ֮ء
ӢŲյ۾˵Ｇ
Ｇ׹׹輧׵һˣԼͰһ̴ڳԼͰ⣬Ψһļ檡
Ｇֳȣ˫ۣƻ˵תţӢЦŷеĲ豭
ģϱһޣλＧǹѵû֮ˣҷԴĴĵϱԼˣȴö˶˵Ļš
λô˵Եñдˣùã裡
ùý׼õյǵ࣬Ӣ˸񣬱˳˴
ＧһڲˮЦϺõѿֻڹܺȵĵˡ
һԵķ㣬Ｇªˣ˷õĶҪĶ㿴ǰ׽֪ˣģ˱Ȳõġ
ʱȴֻۡһ͵ǿڲˮһ߿ţһߵλӢ                        
лҪ˵#𣬾ȻԱʱﵽ#
#˭˷ŻԵŤǵµɥ#
#д֪𡭡#
ùã˭ҺұҰƤ
ӢùãĪ
̴  ڣĬޣ
С  ۣŻŻˣ˰ˡ
û뵽ѾͷʦͨɵƯ
  ɣҰһڵأҰ
  ȣ˿̣ʫһס

9

ôˣǱ費ãӢüͷģ
߬ͣ϶Ŀţᶼ˳һĿģ
ûȵȿ˵ͼڶķ첽˹һѶϵǱ裬Сһڡ
Ȼǲ֪ǰ׽Ǻǳģһ඼ԲõģܵôɬĲˮ
žһ½ˮϣתοİȵĺ󱳡
ӢӣһЦ
᲻֪ȳԲÿ࣬ԼȾ÷ùýǲˮһһΣֱɢȥȫĸ𣬲ʢһСȵġ
ǳ󣿳Բÿࣿ
ǣⱲҪԵĿ࣬ǴԼⱭˮʼ
ӢεѿľڵףȴúȲϰߣǱˣˣûһյ²
䣬ڰԵＧһյˮͷ㣬Űȵԭﲻϲɬϲ𣬼ɵЩʳȥ˶ȥ
棬ݸЦţＧתͷֿӢȻȲϰߣɼȴϲúܣ赹Ҳǿϧ͸檰ɡ
ＧЦӯӯӢͷＧϲá
Ｇ治ɫĺյˮСյ²˰ȵԣò衣
Եյˮ̧˿ӢׯĶ˲ˮһڣһ˳ȥ
ͨ죬ԲֹİȣһԵＧСʵôˣĪ裬ֲθڣ
Ⱥòֹͣ˿ԣʵ̫ˡ
ӿ࣬Ǻź򣬻ǿӲ˳ۣ鷳
С첲¼ӣŰֱԲš
С񡣡Ӣ
˫г϶ǰһģС
ūû˵С͵ͷһίģ
ȵǰСɨһȦߵＧͷĲʮˡ
ץԵĿյ²ϡ
ԥƬ̣ȶǱˮͷһڹȥ
Ũ֭ܵĺϣŬ£סŻ֮УںĲˮȫȥ
գֻɤģܵĺܡ
ɲҪã衭ûϲúܡɳƲ˵
ŰԲԵģӢͷЦȻϲһʱЩѿǻµģڱĵطǿǺȲġ
Ӣɫһתʾⷼùý׼õЩ˳
ùЩߵȵǰʱӢŰԭƽ͵һӲҰ
˷кܶ黹λö£ЩǱλ׼ļˡ
ӢĻùñ㽫װŶĽеݸȣװ۵ĽеݸＧװöȸҡĽеݸ˷
еĽҡŹϲ֮ѾȫдϣһԵİȴץĽУɫѿ
֪ϲıۣＧĽУӢоǼ
ӢüһЦＧϲصĶ̴ȴʮᣬϱ̴ֱսɳҹ
ȻＧϲⶫԼҲͶá
ϾⱲԼõĵطǲ١
һͦͦ壬ʢ鱦ΣһȻ֧ҡǲͶлˡ
ӢһЦϲͺãƽ̬򷽣毻ˮΪ˷ǧŮ֮ʣȻΨõĶ䣬Ժ󱾹ָ̲ǡ
˵˵
ƳŷģӢ˿ڲ裬סЦݡ
յתͷһģİȣüÿɻ⣿
ֻ۷еĽҡֿ˿ԼĶ飬ĬڼһѿЦݣ͵Ķвϲء
ŰȺ˽еĸӣһƤЦⲻЦӣӢпϣпʮ㡣
ֺ˴ԼյĹ˲뿪Ӻ͹
ɾǸ̤ŵʱ򣬰ŷһУһˮӿ˵ϡ
ūţû۾𣬸ҵײ
ŷ̶ŭӢ̤һ̽㿴˿̵ķʪı۲ţСڵͣĿͷ
ôˣӢŹţͷС
Ѿͷ
СӢӣĳС֣ӣū澵Ĵūûסˮӡ
ū澵ĴǱĴɣŭһСϣ߷ڵء
ССҲ⣬һӼƽϰɡӢСǰֱŷ
ū澵Ĵū澵ĴСӵ򵽷ĽűߣȹǱ˵ū澺ʪ··ɣū澶Ϊøɸɾġ
Ÿ첲ɪɪţ۽űߵūţĽһ߿
ô죬ԼʪӻȥỼϷ纮˵Ц
ǷֶݺݵĵСתۻӺ͹
İصڹŵõźĹŮŤͷ㵽Դ
Ⱥ۾ŵϵĹŮһƴԼеŭȫйϡ
ۼŮѾ߸ߵ׹ǰסСٴȥǱ֪ôˡ
ǾͰؽֱٷ
׹幬Ůʹ˸ɫСŮź׵գ˵Լȥ
ôǽҡ˾͸ƽ׹Ű£ż
Ұ׼ҡβһֻ͹ƾҲ䣿͹ˮȥĲʸУӢǸŮշǹ𱾹ӣ˳𲻱ͷ֮
׹۾һתߵԣŮӿ˶Ըķӣ
Ⱥ۾ҧгݵлϳɣ
һ䣬˦ˤ˲豭һصƬ
Ӣ˹һ̫๬Ůŷùýڵ
ùãҪ𣿡
ù̽һȦŽĽܺһС¨Ų˳
¨ϣūһȥɣūʵǲİ
Ӣӹùе¨¨һӵЩ߳棬һ˶ױ֣һ˷ȫӺ͹Ҫùðʱ̶ŲС
ùֲ֪תȡڼϵĺɫ񣬰Ӣϡ
ģ齣ʲô¶ǸСūҲ͵͵ȥˣûеǰūһаԹĻᣡ
Ӣ¨ӣͷùһģùòصңȥȥͻء˵գӢñӣת̤޵
ҹʱһƬ谵޵ֵĹŮſϴ˯
ӢǽڣܿһѲСĵŲ޵⡣
˳Ŵ΢ķ϶Ӣ̽ҡҷĴᣣϳ˯ŵķһƬž
ŴģӰӢ˫гһ϶
ⱲӰؼԼҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ɼȻ㲻֪ڸģ˾ˣԼҲúһˣ
ӢһһȦĴ¨ϵĸӣŴӷ϶һ¨߳ȫ˽ȥ
޵ͷ齴ȥ߳棬Ӣһۣתſȥ
ûܵſڣ޵ļ
˰ˣ
ӹſӿ룬Ӣе¨ٵĶ˽
ЩСԼģôһ˷޵ôˣ
ӢŹſڰصǣüͷ
Ӳȥˡ
תŵߵƫ󣬶ڲݴ﷭ã۾ðĿǰǸ
ӢŤͷͻȻĵƻͨһҧһţȽС¨ӹ˳ȥȻſڲݴ˽ȥ
ȴϰǳͨ裬ȴƫƫԼĿ貿ѡ
Ӣô겻ϱߵС̫ྭģѲԼĻȲС̫ݣ
ѹŷϣ˿϶ڹ
飡һ䶼ҪŹ
ǵӢ͵سһ亹ٴ£ǴŴſ˵ϡ
ǳв
ʱֻһ˫ɫŽĽѥǰӢһ£Ƶ̧ͷǰһҹµӣ¿ˮ
巣

10

˭
̿ڣӢ۾ͷϸϸĿ˿
ڿһҹŵĵ͵ĽʱӢһ
ԭԭǻϰ
ԼǷɵ˲ɣŽѲߣһֱƶǰĮӣ
ӢҹΪڴˣ̴ſüӸµĸΪӣ
Ӣ׶Ŀ⣬ȵҧ촽
Լر߱ģ
۾һת˵ϲƽסҹ͵͵䣬ȴɿڹϿţ
̴ֻĬĬһӿԼܣ˾䣺Ӣأ
ӢһӲͷƤſڵϣԼ°ͣŰƯ˵ģӢЦų˸ۡ
ȥƫ濴
Ӱ
ԽԽĽŲ̴üһתϣӢһʱҲƪ˵ǡ
ۼ̴Ҫת뿪ӢżһץסĽף֡
ϣ㲻ȵĶԲԣϸƤܰסءӢǰ˹̴ڵСȶӣĲ˲䡣
̴ڲΪӢͷвϲܳ檣檾˵˵ǻϲöȤζƫƫҪų̵ĵطѰ̼ɺãӢüۣƵĿ
ʲô
ץ
̴ץԼҹ£ָŵ欹ԼӢҧÿ֨֨졣
ǧһ֮ʣӢоסԼĽʱ̴˫Ҹ£һԼק˹˳ųש顣
Ӣ§ĲӣĿĿ̴ҽſƵĵŲɣԼһϡ
֦һѩ£ɴӡ
Ӣſ̴ڵϣ˫ֽ߬ҹ¡
ͷŴ˿̾ĸ߶ȣּЩ²ͣѰţŵ̴ͨͨڵִ˴ա
Ҷ
̴ŵԼĶӢ۾һתź֪ķԼſŵλڷϸ΢ı仯
̴ܵɴбţӢ͵Цű䣬Լᡣ
ǸźĶ£Ӣ̴ܵӵķ̣нӲ

Ӣôߵòһʱ̴ֿ֫ڿһתе嵶Ӣϡ
ֻꡪһ֦۳һ룬źصĻѩ˵档
Ӣ˫̴ֽ߬ǰ½ŵֹסĴš
˿Ƕ˵λѵ̴ڽ嵶֮Լǰѱɣ̴Ȧ˻
Ӣͷ۶ϴ۵嵶תͷǰü̴ڡ
һ
书ôã
Ŀ⣬Ӣ˸⵽һֱԼ֫֡
һŲЦ˵ϲŮɫǼٵģӢסԼֻ֣ЦȻ
ָһ̴һţԵľȡ
Ӣƣ˦£ĸӢϡ
Ӣעִ磡
̴ڲⲻԼӢЦ˫ִļ򣬽ǻϽ檱֦ϣǷ֣ǴţЦţ̴ڵĶС硣
ţ̴ǿŽ˫ָۣ׷ľм
檵ķֲһˣ㣬ֲǲ֪Ӣ̴ۣڽӲбţ˫ֹĲӣԼ
̴ڲŵĿ⣬ӢһֿĲһԼ´纮¶أΪڴأ
̴ɫĬúһһ˯ţߡ
̴شӢһЦ˳
ƽ̴ڵǰͷϸ˯ţߣҲ֪Ϊξߵƽó룬ϵ޵жԶţ
Ӣ˵ʲô
Ӣ̴ֱڵ˫ۣƻЦϵɣɲ糼檵ġ
̴ڱƵƿԵӣӢ§Ĳͷļͷ檲ʻϣҲҪʳ檿ɺá̴ڵϣ΢˫ۣţˣϼһʱҪϳ檰
е嵶һ£̴ڲͷ»δɢȥǣӲűŻˡ
ŻѾ˯ȥӢеȥ
ӢиĲգ̴ڷϵ֣СŲı
硣
ӢѹʱԼѾصӺ͹ԼֻļӴϡ
ಱӣŸո߽ķùõùãôģ


11

ҪūˣùߣֵһûūĶҪɤһ磬ū澸մˮƼö˶˵˴ϣū澻ΪΡ
ŷùõĻӢͷ
ŬϷ飬ߣܣ̴һ֦ϡ
ϺȻص̴Ŀ⣬Ӣ￩һ¡
ѲɣԼģ
̴ھԼģ
ûӢѣ޵¹ūǰȥػػ
̴ʻ
Ӣ۾һתҹ˵˻׷ʵʲô
ǲ֪îʱ˵ƽ߳ҧˡùøӢĶ࣬Сū澾ûٹǰȥ¡
ӢֱµأҹһƬ谵ȷû˿ԼȻ̴ڡ
԰˵ȥ̴˵ҲԼϲŶԡ
ùױɡ
ùüӢѾͭǰ׼õǼɫȹվ
Ӣͭ￴ŵȹڵɫ̫ѵùȥȡǼͮɫĵˮȹɫѩ޶á
⡭᲻̫ЩùÿӢ
ʱĻ֦չˣִ˭ءӢŲӣڽ˸Ķ׹ӴϣͭЦ޶ˡ
ų¹һ·ػſڣṳ̂ȥͷĿ
һếһʵģźί
Ӣҡҡͷƿ˵ţͦص˽ȥ
̴ֻ޺ϣͷŪ÷ϣ۵Ľ
Ǹڵϣ滨ţ߻һ̻ȹ
ӢĿǼȹϣòЩӡ
ȹշСײʪԼﻻߵһ
Һԩ޳ΪҪң
δӢڣڵϵķ˵Ľűߣקĵ
ӢƳµķ㿴̴ڡ
̴ֻڽеľϣһ䣬Įĵӡ
ǽͬúʱ϶þŹݶ֮˰һɫȹӣ˭֪ˮˡ
ӢŰͲýˮԼõӣŲһ
ϵĶ񣬵ݸߵķùãСů¯Ŀ֮£ߵ̴ԵĿλ¡
ӢԼֻۣóһƬ˿С
˵ˣԩ޳ǱΪҪ㣿Ӣϱ̴ڲ𿪵ľ˵ǰѱŪˡ
̴̧ӢһִۣегľӢֱߡ
ǺļưߵĹŮ·ˮȻ񻨷۵·ϵҵߣұҧĨ˰ᡣ
ߣԼӣ̴ǰŲŲư˿ڣ·Ϊ֤
Ӣһѩ׵ֱۣװ𾪵ţô˿ڣɴ̫ҽƹ𣿡
ǲ˿ڣǿϸһעⲻ
ӢЩգô߳棬ȻҧôһСС˿ڣ
̴̧ͷĿһۣͷרעе
ֻԭðȵİͻȻվӣ˷࣬һίƽ˵ЩǺʱ˹㶼֪ĵչޱȣСûеõ˽㣬Ǿң
չΣչͿɲ𣿡ߵ̴ڵǰק۵ϣҵΪ˻ϣսɳȫʬû£ףҲһͬȥˣҹҧǷұһ˶ûˣҪΪңΪǷ
ŷڵϲĵӣӢмһЦ
ҲǷĹֶˣ֥飬ὫΪĵ
ɷϣ̴ֶڵǰȴδʧֹ
кλҪ˵
̴ڲ䲻ĻӢƽİŪ̴ڲ𿪵Ǽľ檿ûǼ·϶ֽš
Լŵģ·ɲԼ¶
Լôû뵽񻨷߳һ˵                        
лҪ˵̴  ڣб飩Ƭôˣˣ϶ˣû̫ҽ
  Ӣ˼ֻ

12

㻹ϣҹߵһű֪񻨷۵ζ
Ӣһֱӿ飬ƾζʶ۵յÿտɵñ۽ǡ
㣬㡭
Ĵ̴ֶһľӢ̧ͷȥ֣̫ҽ
Ӣп޺ϣɫݶƽ
ŵǼȹЩ
֣̫ҽǹе¸ص̫ҽҲҽڹһӹɵġ
ֻ֣̫ҽϸоã㽫Ǽȹ·˵ϣϣ鿴һѰŮȹûƽ˵񻨷档
ܣ֣̫ҽϸ񻨷۵ζдģ֣̫ҽĻش𣬷ŵĿ
ϳʮ̫ҽӣ۾Ǿģû񻨷۵ζ֣̫ҽɴݲȵ˵
֣̫ҽ˾ĵץǼ·˰ȵߣ׽㣬㶨֪񻨷۵ζſôܲ񻨷ۣ
ȱƵһ˵ϣŷȹһţһ̧͵͵̴ڵı顣
ţҲ񻨷۵ζŽ˲ԼıǼ⣬ĪùЩ֣Ųˡ
ʧǵ̱ڵϣһᣬһâ
ҹҵˣ߶˴ģ̧ͷŭӢ֪ҹʱںδ
Ӣʣüһ
Ӻ͹ǷˣʱҧڴϣҲ뷨ӽԼҹ޵Ϣ
Լ˿˵ҹʱӺ͹ָʲô֤Լ
ӢеĿľƴһ̧潿ߵȻݰ
ŶߵĽЦ̴תͷӢֽĿգŲƴһϡ
ĿУһ˿ľ
㣬ƭˣŵĿԵ̴ڡ
Ӣ仰һԵİҲβסˣڵͷһģĽӢ˫ֽץԼϥǡ
ϣ˵ģǼٻ
Ӣһһ̴ڵֱϡ
̴תͷòвЦɫƽ͵ĽʣľƵǰ
Ӣ̴֣һԼ°ڣ֣̫ҽҹ޵ĸ첲һҹջûл⣬֣̫ҽϸ
Ӣһ
ǣģ
ܣⲻܰ
ڵϣʧǵӣһԵİѹĶʻ𣬸æӵϷ
Ȼ֣̫ҽͻ϶ô˵ˣˡǰչ߳棬ҹȥõЩڶ֮ǰԽĻԾˣϽջ˳ײɱס
̴ӢѾƴõ俪ڵͰ˵İɡ
ȥӢеţ
Ⱥͷһ٣ͷӢ
ӢԼů¯ֱͦӵˣƽﱾ񲻸ߣ
Ե̴ƳһģӢϵͷɫ
ǣΣŰȵֱۣ΢΢š
Ȼ϶ºͽӢѲ˸ϵԼ֤֤ãͲŮĶ֡
ӢЦţ̵ſ˵ģչΣչͿԲ仰㻹㣬ǵչвɲΪƽҲԼݣ˵ĻҪ˵飬ҲҪȥǵˣҪȥǡ
ӭӢͱ˵Ŀ⣬Ļŵš
촽ӲĻӦס
Ȼףȥдٱɣ꣬׼
㡭߳ŭһת㱻Եİȸ˻
ŤͷŰȵɫŭҧгݵлĽ̻壡
ŷͰȲ뿪ıӰӢů¯óһЦ
Ӣâ¶𣿡
̴䲻һ仰ӢŤͷڵڣɲȡڳǷâ¶
̴Į飬Ӣһ
һת̴ڵϥϣ˫ֹĲЦĶ顣
οлΪ檳кξ¡
Ŀԣ̴˫ӣüͷһҵתȥ
ȥ
̴ŵӢóѵĽ˽ֱۣЦŴͷɢķ˿
ϣ㺦ˣ

13

ĺţӢϸü̴ڵĻЦýˡ
̴ڱ۾Ŭѹһֽ̧Լϵ첲ק
ƿϥϲĵˣ̴ߵӢŵλϣ¡
ϵ̴ͷֲľʮָָȴǲزסĲ
ǰӢ΢Ľë²ţͳӢա֦չЩ
̴䲻һ仰Ӣ΢һЦ˳
ϱ̴ںʱĹԼţܿԶֻһȶѡ
Ӣ̧֣һ
ϵĸ첲̴Ǳ߲˲䣬Ӣϸǻϣϲ
̴еһ٣תͷһֵۣͷеת÷ɿ졣
̴ڵʹͷɫһԲӢһüǣͦ塣
ŴǣСϸ㸧Լļͷ
ŮΪüݣȻϲϲǳ檾ֻˡ
ӢĻ̴͵תͷȴӢѾһ½ŰͷԼ
棬̴͹Եĺ¶˶еžһ˵ϡ
ӣһץסӢֵ
ƳǴɵķɫ̴ʵ½һֱֽһԵĶϣϵ˸εᣬŰݡ
ûڣ檿ǵĻϱﻵԼӢŤŤӣϦ磬кΰţ
˷Ϧˣҹ߲ܰ˵Ҫ᳹ͳڹдϦ磬׹ٹ٣Ҫڸһһҹղꡣ
Լϱδ˥գӢ㰧ԹƳǡ
ϦǰҪȥ̫ҽԺҪյķӣɲԼź϶ϸƣ
̴Ϧ֣ͷһۡ
Ӣ⣿
Ӣתеů¯Ϧ磬Ͼóﱸɡ
˷Ϧһɻʺģϱ˷еÿһϦ̴ڶǽȥģԼֻϯĬĬǶ˶䷹ķݡ
أԼҪ̴ּǰΪǿǣ
̴˫ۣãͳڵλȱӢǺλӢ˭
̴ڵĴ𸴣Ӣ΢˶üǣﴽһЦ
еů¯յǻ˵ģ㳼ǿҪġ
˵գӢصϥ׵ǻϺúЪţ檾иˡ
̴ڳĬĵͷӢֽ˽ϵĶתȥ
һ̤ţͬҴҸĳ¹ײ˸ţֻ¹һƼԼֺǺǵ˦еķٵĽʲôؽ
Ҫˣ
ӢͷˣʱպûԻȥһ۵ڣŴǵ֮飬¹ϻϡ
ﰲģūס
Ӣת뿪󣬳¹æſڵʹ˸ɫ㼱̤ڵں˵š
ϣˡ¹һ£ûӰСĴͳһ«εҩƿݸ̴ڡ
򿪸ӣ̴ҩƿڱǼ⴦ţܣ
ūŰ£Ϸġ¹ǰ̴ڵĶС˵֣̫ҽǻϵĸǹе̫ҽûūſڣƵġǼմ񻨷۵ȹҲūȥջٵģ׼ץѱ
̴ڽװ񻨷۵ҩƿǺãϣʰϵ
㻤ŹΪ㣬Ǻø¹ЦôüĿֻǱߡ
û˵꣬ӭ̴ͶĿ⣬ŵһ飬æԼ͡
ʹϲūҲҪ˵һ䣬ūϦһ£ūžãǲݵġ
¹̴̧ڵɫһ㰵ӿֵ⣬۾һתЦӯӯūŽʱ뿪ﴩͮɫÿˡ
˵껰¹С̴ı仯ɫƽͣеڻ¹˿ĵĵͷ
̴ֻڵͷӦš
Ӻ͹
ԺӢϣϸŹ޺̺һѩҨڡ
Եķùø첲¼ŽߣΧŹڵϵСȦӡ
˵ɣƽǼ·ô£Ӣ룬̧С
Сҧڣŷù˵Ľߣͳ֧֧ū澲֪ѽū澴ֶʶ֪񻨷ʲôأ
Ȼ˵ʵùãɣӢͷ˿֭


14

ùŤͷӢı飬˼ڸ첲µĽߣ
СڵίţΡΡһ˫նյ֣ŷùô˴ꡣ
ùãᣬ㡭
һСϣֻСԭŵѾһӵ˶һҽС
ԩūûУūûаСίͰ͵ʹţԺɻĹǶ͵Ĺ֡
ӲӲùеĽ¡¡µĽСϣԭ۵Ĵ˿ѾһƬ
С޵ͨ죬ģȴǾǿҡͷūģū澾ǲϣùþǴū澣ūҲϡ
Сִֿ֣޵۵ģùеĽԥһ£תӢǱȥ
ūѾͷ۵ģ¶ûйϵ
ӢССѾͷݣϢ𣿡
ùһȦӢĶϵѾͷȷʵǽ빬СŮ빬֮ǰҲӣûй
ϣӢпαϣ´һίģС
⺢һͯ棬ƢҲúܣȷʵ˼֮ˡ
Ǽ·Ӻ͹뿪ٵҹﱻҧˣҲһʱ·ҲδֻСһ
أĪԼ˶ȣ
˶ﻹŸĵģūѾͷǸӲƢ˵ܰǡ
ŷùԼϴСૣӢϸ˫ۣһᣬӦѾͷŹùðɣ̵Ѿͷʧ˷ִ硣
ùüӢж˷¶Цݣߵͷһ·Сܵȥ˹ڵϵС
СϥϵĻҳѵûۼĻѾͷлӡ
Сӿ˿ùãӢԭίͰ͵Сһֺ
һ¹ڵϣСʹлӣǣūǲǾܺһȥڵ̷ˣ
ձסСֲˣӻû˵Ѿͷ⡣ùúɸֵšСĶ䣬ЦӯӯĿӢգū澶̺ܽѾͷ
Ӣ룬ҨС˴Լ˵ģͷŷùɵЦš
˷дûв͸ǽϢ۴С쳣Ѹ١
︺Ϧһ£û̴ּ֪иѾٹٵĶС
հ糯
ϣ˷˷ϰ׻˽⣬Ϊù︺Ϧ˵Ҫ£ף
飬˶ң˷ĺ˷ҪĽճΪڹЦ
ڻδ֮ǰϦһֱȫȨģ֮Ů󹬣ȮŮΪΪʣ
顣
Ⱥ֮ף֮ʼһԲ
˫ֽǰɫݵúͬûаָϵ
ڴǵ˵У̧ϵϵ̴ڣȴһֱе౾޲
һŨüⷬ˵ɷϷ򣬹ǴĹˣ۽ȻҪùСŮģϷϥ½ţʮָմˮࡣ
һԵʷߴ󳼵ɫæ׵˷˭˲֪ع㡢ޥģǫˡ
ʷǣŮУ̫Ͱɹ
ط֮ʣЦһҡͷ֣һԼĺ룬ȴʼ̴ڵü֮䡣
̴ֻںеۣԼĶͷĿڵΣ
ͦصǰһºӣӻϵ˼
۾ӭ̴ڵĿ⣬Լ˵ţϦ䲻غ˷ҵҲĴͳǴͳϳˣоϡ
̴˫ַǰϣĿŵģ
ˣйϦܳ£ʸɡ
֣ɫһӱϡ
ŭĿԲƳ˽Ĵ󳼣ϷΪڳˣȴԣڻӶ˰
̴Ϸ֮ԣʹǵıģԣѳΣȻ˺󹬻бȹʵѡ𣿡

15

֣ӵ۾һ˦䣬˷ȣ಻ǵĹϱĸʣϦһ֮Ů棿ϻѡɣ
̴ֱ߷ŵһ£ü¤ǡҢء˷̵ͨҪ⼸˭˹Ͻ뻧֪
̴ⷬСĴӴŲ˳
̧ͷһ̴ڣ⿴ɫõΡΡֲ̧¶ͷ亹ػϣأҪԹС
̴һߺеۣһ侲ӹ񣬹֮ʢụ̃˷ؽգΨдͨҪ˷ʢ˥
ӭĿ⣬̴˫ֳϣü
ﴽ࣬ԣǷף
Ŀԣ˫ֽ߬һ
̴ڲ˵ˣʹҧÿ֨֨죬ȴǰͦصЦ
ֻĿ֮£һ֣һǰ˼
ڶɻˣȷʵǳ˺ܶ࣬ĵǱܵĶ࣬Ȼʤ
ԼĺӣЦôüĿתŴǵڶ񳤽ϷûȻʰ
ڵǰҡڣֱԲģĴһ׷ӦеĹ͡
ҵҵֻϷû뵽ڶСŮ÷֣ӭȢĵչĶ飬ɢˡҡͷصϷ򲻶ԣϷûڶĸְ
̴ۿŵǰ̬ɫѿĴＷ˼ֵ֮ϣ̸ֻ£
Ϸ򻹼ǵȻʱ򣬻СŮСŮԺ󳤴ˣҪҪڶĻʺȻʲˣϷҲˣģܲЩˡ
ֲ̧һԼᣬؿڣ
޵Ļ𣿡̴Ŭѹŭ˫Ľ
ҡڣʷ˸æǰһסֱۡ
ϣ΢˴Ϧ粻ùһܱͬס˷ĴͳַסӣֶΪأ
ʷ˽֣ͷŤͷŵĴʹ˸ɫ
ֻ䣬Ǳղ˵ϣΪʷǣ˼У
˼У
˼У
ŴﻷƲ˼У͹ڵϼĴǣ̴ϸ˫ۣϡ
ŴʱܵڵϵһЦ
̴ѹһŭͷԵ߬
ּ⣬Ϧ磬̨ɹ𣬱ҳ𣬽վ鵽
˳հʷһ·Сܵ׷Ĳ
ס䣬ϸҲȵңôϷҲҪȫЩڴļģһͽɵĵ
źӣһ͵ߣΪϿϷװģֻ֮ûð취
ϸ粻ûЩ𣬴ǰϿǴ˼ͺǱ˸ˡ
ʷ˵Ļͣס˽ŲתͷΪǵСǸܣˣͷǣͷҰǣǸзֳĺö࣡
ҪǵȻΪ񲻿ʷҡҡͷ˵ţ˵ⶼ̴ϵѪ˫ӣôôࣿ
һѹ˫Ǵɣʷ˻ĪҪˡ˫ǰһüͷͷ˵СΪĸݻꣿ
ô£ϸ˼ǣ
ȥͨͨСϳӲˣ֪֪˷˵㣬Ұ˵㣡
Ӻ͹
ū޴󰭣밲
ŹڵϵɣӢָȾޢ
תͷ۹ģɣ򦴦δ˵߳ݺۣӢüɣտɶء
һţĿİͰ͵ǣūӦġ
ӢָĴ£û˵ùôſ˽滹űıС
ŷù߬еż㣬Ӣɵɣ°ɡ
һ۷ùеţ˫ֽǰֻԥһ£ǡ
ŹϺ󣬷ùýеż㽻Ӣ
Ž𲭵ŷ⣬ŵġӢ֣ӢЦεҡҡͷ
˵ţŵ˻
һȦ󣬱˵⣬ϸĶ
ûʲô޵űһƿСһѽƵڵء
صһأСӣŶ͵𣿡                        
лҪ˵һգ峤ͷ⻷ˮ
    Ƿ޶ȥֿȿˮǺΪ˲ǣ峤Ƿ޶ˣʵһԸ
    Ӣ峤ˣҪʺ󣡣ۣ
  ̴  ڣĬϵͷ
  ã̴ڽ峤͵͵䡣
  ̴  ڣĿࣩޣ뵱
    
峤Сʹǣ2020֣̻ء
2020峤Ըǣ
Сʹأ
2020꣬Ҫʹ峤ϡ

16

㣬ȻңſڵϣŵĿС˴ֱ񣿡
Сɷĳ죬һըëĶȮģ
ڵǰŵһ飬ӵ
ٲߣҾͰ͵ӣӺ͹ȥС±ӣ
߬Ťһᣬ۾ңҿӵľˣᵥƾ㼸Ծͽȥ
ɲĵģСͦһƽޣץѼβëϣ浱ԼǿȸǰɣٲߣңҡСͷСƣ˹ȥ
ãøӺ͹ĴŮţŲͬһµū澼ƽϣ͵˺һ㿪Сİơ
µĽ˽½ڣתȥ
ŶķűϣСŽ֣ƲŮһǷùõĹŵأŲ㣡
Сһæ˾ӡ
ԼСӣ͵ת׵޵⡣
̽̽ͷſŷ촦͵Ľ̸
Ӣŷ⣬ֽһƬǽдһЦ˳
ӢðϲùСΪ֡
ͷŵһԲȦԲȦǺ⣿ùõĿֽµҳֽϣʲô
ӢŷƵֽţЦǵ
ŵϵּӢĵͷ
ţɽ
羰Ұζ࣬ɽ̫ЩЩԼҹͷʹë
Ȼյ˵ǾζСүʱӦѾգڱ¶ˡ
ϱԪ˷Լʮɽ˷ܽеֵɽͷԹԼ£ͲΪԼ·ͷɽˡ
Ԫ˷ϼһһ㳤ûС
˵ʲôӢһֹùɻ
ûʲôӢݸùõùȰҺŰɡ
ŷùýǷŻеսУӢԼЩӲĲӣ
糯һˣӺ͹߾յ̫ഫϢ˵Ϧ罻ԼðȺһš
̴ǸͷȻǲţ
ҲԼ֮ˣϾ˷һ죬̴Ļδ˼
ԼҪ뱣ס࣬ϺλϸŮҪ뷨ӳģ
Ҳ֪Լ̴ϵĹܲá
Ӣ˹޶񣬷ùòغ˽Уߵ߶
ҪȥĶùһ߿ڣһ߰ϵ˶
ӢѬõ¯ȥ̨ƣϲǽ̨֮½ҳﱸܲܶ档
ʯϣѽŵʯӣӢ
һϱӵ顣
̧Žߵ̨Ӣͣ˽ŲɫԽĹѵ
߻죬ϱ̨УȶԼʹɱֵģĿ
ĿѪֳͷ­ɱ˵˫ۣĮ
ͻȻӿͷһʹӢǰһҡ¡
ǾͻȥҲǲɡ
ͷŲԼķùãӢͷһЦû£ù÷ġ
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Ӻ͹ҲͰˣ滹ֵĳɺͳ
ӭϷùѵĿ⣬һίİԹùãūһֱѭ浸صģСū澡
ɽ˵ʲôŮֲ֮飬ɽôܸ״ءСգŴ۾ק¶ģ
㣬ſڴƻƣ
ˡùڿʼһ仰׼˵˭ҪǷ͵ŻȥӰɣ
˵շùñӢ̨ȥ
ӢͷùýнԶС¶˽ĻЦȹʹײ˵ǰɡ
ߣҾ㣬㣬бѽС򦣬һۣıӢķ׷ȥ
ֻ˻ԭصɣҧгݵĵǰСıӰԹĶ½š
Ӣų̤֮̂
ʯ̨ף̨ڵĹŮ̫ѾʼŸ䣬ϵ˽¥ܣ߽שһȾ
ӢĿھ̨еŮϣһɫٷ˿һ˿Լ
˹ǵ밲ŮӲת򶨵ĳԼ
ʮа˵꣬˫üۣ毺õüȴǹѵݵĹֹ࣬Ͷ価Զׯݡ
ߵӢǰҾ󣬻˿δңݲģ״½Ƕûа˿塣
ū澸밲ˡū澲֮
ǰŮӣӢ΢Ǳδǰ֪йĹ
йƹܹе˾֣ڹŮеĵλСֺķƽﶼҪ֡
˷ϺɽʱҪлй֮
ˣū澲¸й˫ֽǰü
Ӣ΢ǰһз˾͵ģǱй͵ģֶ鱾ǲǵġ
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йⷬδӢڣһԵķùñ㿴ȥˡ
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Ӣ˳ָķһһ㺡
û𣬻ҪĴתת㰲ʲôģСǰһ£Ĺĵ˵š
ƽеĲӢӣ˿ˣذɡ
ǰ˴ԼյĹӢ߬е۽ۣͣ˽Ų
ùãЩ黹Ҫͬйһ£Ȼذɡ˵Ӣת̨ķȥ
ӣū㡭żŲӣŸ벽㱻СץסӣӺ͹ķȥ
Ӳ㣬ʵʵĸһȥ
ùСһɷģԾЦŵ˵ͷ
̨İƬ֣Ӣͣһľդ⡣
ͷĹңͨͨͣ
˷ΪûأƫƧ֮ء
סŵģ

17

Ժ񻨻ȽŻټӣΪԵʻҶ㣬ͺͺƽ
ӢָصľʵţͥԺš
ԹƧΪ˫ӵԭ˷Ϊɻ䡣
ΪԸֵĵطԽĸû˵ȴǰʮ㡣
ԺŵʯӢľϵֲһ¡
ϱӵһμ
ʱΪǱϵˣῪ˵ǳԼŵڵϺʯ߶Լί
ȴһʯ֮Լ˷ʱֱԹȫںȥ
ĽԼӢͷǳһЦ
Լʼյ
˷ʮڶҲԼʱı䡢ӣʱ͵͵˵
ÿһε󣬶һͷĽԼȥһģӢҪˣ
ˣԼơѹʱǲĵ
ӿͬϧ
˷յǼʮ˵ǰСĽԼڲصʵʵԼķ̴ǰҲˡ
ΨڷĽӢ
˷ΨһѣԼҲʼվãʵûôԼ
ϾÿһƤûߵСסԼ
Ӣóʱһ󡰿֨֨קʵ
ֻοղ軨ľӣѹ껨ʯӵأһӼɽ¶ͷ
үĹˣûˡ
ľŵӣ磬˪ɫ֯Ų軨ƣ°ɫƹëϥŴصѩƤӣסм˫ȡ
Ӣŵ˫ۣ乬Լ߲ݵա
ѪԼ
Ŀһ鴤ĽʹӢͶ㵽˵ź档
Ű͹ƽդ䣬ѾʪһƬ
ҲԼڼЩһֱæ뷨̴ڣ⵹ϸŮˣûԼλѡ
ҲԼû׼ãٴμʱ顣
ţһͷȻ
СʱʽĸĹ£ȻʺĸĻᣬԼػһΣ˵ⲢǺ
˵ԼһҲˣ
ˣ
ͻӢŵһ飬һֱ۽۵˵ϡ
͵תŲ֪ʱԼ𾪵¿ˮ
Ŀԣů˫ۣǳǳЦݣӢһ㶣ĬĬץȹڡ
ֻ´һ˴ǹĵط
Ӣһţҧ´ǣңԺеʯ̵û֣֪֪ɿɻΣ˵Ը
ӢεͷŹŵ
ȴüͷ΢΢һ壬һãҡҡͷ˵ЦˣɽֽΪ˵Ϊ档
ͨ͸飬Ӣĵ촽ʵʯԵǿʱڵ˶˶ۣ˵ɽֹʣɽƤȴǸӽȣ֪
Լ˷ɽӣԺǿŴԼϱӵС֡
ÿÿʱҪժһӣԼ⣬ȻԼɽƤ
Ȼü֣ܻһ߲ԸһĬĬĳһƤ
ֻǳһЦҡͷҲϲɽ棬֪Ƥ㹦Ч
ĻشӢһֱŵ׹¡
һ㶼ǵá
Ǽʮ飬ǵõֻԼ
ȻֻԼػһΡ
ľǰ£ӢϼѵԼűߵö۽ۡ
˴۽ϵĻҳͳĽϸµĲһȦֵݵӢǰ
䲻ϲӣ۽ۻϲģ˷۽۸Ҳϲġ
е۽ۣӢĿһתƵ΢Цϡ
Լļҹ͸Ž
еů͸ȴԼδġ
ԣǼʮ飬δǻ¡
Ӣüһĵ˫֣һ
Ȼүϲ۽۾͸ˡһЦ紵ķ˿ˡ
һ㶣۽۵ͣڰУӦ⣬²Ϲء
ӢЦųһ꣬ĵҲ˵ү˵֪˵Ӣתȥ
ǷǵãԼѼϣãˣ
ԶԼЦüŮӣ˻ڰе֡
ү˭ô죬ûڹСһãʵ
ͷе۽ۣҲµĲӦþλĵˡ
ãСͷȻǣǹ洫λλ
С˾ģһͣˣһȥɡ
صӺ͹Ӣˮ˫ţһ̾ʱ㴫˳¹ż
糯һˣ緹ûþͳȥˣڶûصæȥѰѰ
Ѿ˼ˮӢ°̾˿ϲˣԸȥѰǣұʲô
ϣͲҪūſЦˣ纮¶صģǻӣɸǺð
ų¹ӢƲƲ͡
̴һˣԼӶչ˲ãô˷
Ҳǣչ˺ԼҲͲսɳˡ
ӢӹùеĽɾϵˮգǳ¹ȥɣԸ㹫һȥѰϵġ
Ϣ̥ݽһҪϽߣ٣ղϡ
ȥ磬Ƶʲӻ˭ȥ˭ȥԼŲأ
ͱΪūˣū֪ļϵǹԲŵӺ͹
޵ӢڼӴϣޱ˫̿账ȡů
ų¹ĻӢЦһ
Լ̴ļϵˣ


18

˵¹ǻĵˣĻ׳棬ʲôʲô¹
ġ
żӴ޶ԵӢվһԵķùô˴ļ
϶ȥ
Ӣͷŷùãֽ˽ԼޱСֹùãҲȥ̫ˣнŵģܻزɡ
ӢĿʼˣСƢùҡҡͷϵ̿Ų˳ȥ
ùã
û̿ӣ޵˲
Ӣŷù뿪ıӰĵڼӴϵ˼½š
̾һӢϵıӣ˼ʵĶȥ
һӢų¹Ͽȥĵطҹ𣿡
Ӣ¹Цݣ۾һת׵ĻҵĵطˡŶˣиط
γģĳ¹Ӣ̾˿ȴѾƵġ
¹ǰԲͨ
¶Ϸϱӣ¹ǻȥҰȣԲԼȥѰϵġ
Ҳڤڤ֮УԼ˻ᡣ
ֻ
ӢŶһת̤޵ȡ˸ů¯ų
˷ҹ䣡
¹ĵ˽ǹǰͷλεĹǰĵ·յ
ӢŻů¯Ųǰһδ԰
¹ɻĻͷһӢؾصĵͷ
ǰ˼ֹסǣʵ빬ã֪˵أ
ų¹ʣӢתתеů¯Ӧ˵λȱΪǺλ֮ףнǱʣҲ˹淶ԼȻ֪δ԰ǹнأÿ
Ѿӳĵδ԰Ӣһüǡ
طϱӻԪ˷ǸϼһԼģ˵Ҫһ̽˷ܡ
֮Լĳ͡
δ԰ǻʹΪĽ֮һһ뵽ŵĶӢһЦ˳
Ϊ¶ϲ
¹ѯʣӢסͣ
ûʲôϿڵδ԰
¹ƿδ԰ĴţӢūźôˣÿ鲻ãϲһ˴ţеʱͻὫԼδ԰üղˡ
Ӣż
Լ˵̴ڽӴ࣬ɶҲ˽⣬鲻õʱ򣬷ϲȥȵĽ
ǽﴫСȺĽ˭˲֪
Īǡթ
Ӣ̧һûżĳ¹ۼֿĽ˽ȥ
ĴšءһϣӢüͷţȴƲ
ɱūɶΪ˻Ϻð¹⣬һ͵͵Цţһ߼˵ţϾͽˡ
Ӣ´ţߵ¹ȱȥˣÿģ
¹ͷ͸ŷ죬ӢЦеϳˣūƾﴦá
šϺһĳ¹ӢƲͣתδ԰ȥ
¹ǹӺ͹ҵԼһ·ߵҲ·ԼͬĹҲ١
δթ
̴ֻĻ棿
δ԰Ӻ͹һ԰ûйЪŵĳͤûС
һȥƽƽ̹̹ľдС
ΨһеģһéȦ
ӢƿȦţӳıβԼըŰëСӡ
С飬þòšӢĲӣЦǵ𣿡
תӣյӢǰֻԲ۾ǿ
һɵģ飬ԼӺ解Ӣ˴ǡ
˭뵽⹬нصδ԰ŵģֻɵӡ
ֻӴǰС飬һӲӣҧԼȹקš
죬ŮܲףӢקԼȹӣץסԵӡ
ϱӾҧԼúܣû뵽ػһΣӵ鶼ϱһģһ
ǰҧţСԴţӢ޿κεıֻϽȦС
̧ŵĳζӢһתͷ㿴éݶϣ˯ŵ̴ڡ
Ȼ
һȦ˯
ӢűӣŵĴ
Сͷ˶Լ̴ǱţԼվԭزԸǰΧתȦȻ̴ڵߡ
ֻӿ˳ʵֲദԼϱӿιµĽӣŻ
̴ڵģų¹˵Ļġ
ֻ¹˵ģ̴ÿ鲻þԼϱΪδûڴ˴
ǰԵֶûа
ӢĶӣ̴ڡ
ȵĽǰʣֺͰãΪβȥ˴ܣ
̴ڿʵףӢŲҡͷ
һˣӾȻôࡣ
ɲ֪ΪΣⱲں̴ദУк֮ܶ
̴ü΢΢Ӣֵüġ
¹˵鲻ãΪ糯֮°ɡ
һ죬ִǼʹ֮ͽڽ̴ԼЩ𾪵ġ
ܻһЩҺһЩҲ³
ӢֹŻ̴ָڵü䰴˸ĺۼ
ԼµӡǣӢգ۾һ
ȹϵĻҳӵվ
Ȼҵ̴ڣ˯ôҲûԼʲô¶ˡ
Ӣϵ˶񣬴Ӻ͹ȥЪϢֻӼҪߣβϵİëһը
ɣʲôˣӢĶ解С鲽Ųһ¡
ȴ˶觺˳ڣԵСҧԼȹǣԼ뿪
ӢֻӵУֻӢһУų˺֮һΣصˤȥ
ϱӱȡ۸ⱲôֻɵӶ۸Լͷ
ֻײȥʲô
ڷ׷׽éУӢ۾
ֻԼɲɵſ̴ڵϣ̴˫ץԼСۣĶԼ
ϣȥġ
Ӣ˶ֱۣȴѲ̴ڵֻܳ鴤Цݡ
̴ڲ˵Լ۾Խ䣬Ӣ۾һתݡ
ϲ֣ĪǡӢò汻˵ˣУȤζ
䣬̴ץСһתӢٴ۾ʱѾéݶϣߵģ̴ڽòٽס
̴ɢĳգӢűץéݶϵ˫֣תͷӭ̴ȵĿ⡣

19

ߵֻӹ˳ĹéݶϣۿϷģԼӢ˶Լ
ȴ̴ץԼһᡣ
֪
̴ŵӢüһ䣬ЦȻǡǣĺ̫ҫЩźߣۻ϶㵽ܱҵ
ӢЦ̴ڻһԣɫԼӢüһ
˫ɽļͷӢĲһ̴Լ
ϷûлΪӢϡ¶硭Ӣ°̴ͣһǣָĺ󲱾ȦȦӽ𣬻Ͼͻ檣ɺã
һģӢ̴ڳ˫ֹ֣סĲš
ʮָéݶµѱ߬Ӳš
Ƴ̴ڶ糺죬ӢóѵһЦ޶ˡ
ȴ̴ԼԽ䣬ƽĿУЩ˵㺣һԼ
ıϢӢ˫ֽӲĹĲ
۲ܣë΢΢ţѹֲסӢյ˫¶˷϶
Ӣ΢ŵ촽̴޽ǴµĺΣֱϡ
ǵһ˲䣬̴һ٣ͣ
ӢеĻζʧĸȫȻӡϡ
̴ڵŵǰ˫֣ʮָƵĳǽ㣬Լ뿪
ӢŬѹеľȴԼͨͨ
̴ֻڵͳԼ𣺡簮ԡ
ûӢع̴ڱԼ󣬴éݶվ
Ӣϵéݣ˰Сë׵Դתȥ
һ䲻ģͺ񷽲ʲô鶼û
ӢԼɢͷϵĶ񣬱Ҵҳ׷˹ȥ
Ӻ͹·ϣӢȴ̴֪⻹⣬ӱƽСƽߵø
ΣӢֻװ򶨵ߵ࣬ͬС
δ԰ֻӣǻģӢ򶨵ȿڣΡ
̴ڵ˫֣ͷ
˵ûϹȻﲻһء
ӭ̴ͶԻĿ⣬ӢһֵĿڴ
ϱģɲǡ
̴绨Ӣ̧סԼĿڴָ
˽ޣ
̴ڵľĿ⣬ӢüһЦų˱սָ
ĵǰߣЦϸĪ⣬ǳһ̽ģ檲һҹΪλ⣬ҹΪλڵδ԰Ľأ
ǰ񻡢˵Ӣ̴ɫһΪҪȥ
ӢתӣͷЦ÷áΪϵķȻҪͬǵδ԰ֻɵӡ
̴ͣ½ŲɫѿĶ˵޲ϲϣ
Ӣ˫̴ۣϵÿһϸ΢ı顣
Լڶ̽԰ȵ̬ȣɽȪʱڴ˿̴̣ϵƶ棬Ǽٵġ
һ뵽ϱӣͰԼǰǷģ̴ڴ˷ǲΪţ
Լûȫץס̴ڵ֮ǰܴ⡣
Ӣ۲תЦȻϲԸȥǻз£檵Ӻ͹ɣ檵ǲٶ׼һ졣
̴ڵ˫֣ҹҡҷš
ǰЦ޵Ůӣû湬ƵӳҹҲ
ʹ۵ףԼһ۱ܿ͸ĸӣơ
Ĭã̴׵ͳš
Ӣһ㶡
ԼڵһòһڴӦˣ
ڵδ԰Ҳǣ̴ڽľٶȫ
̴ֻһ˦䣬ԼͻȻһģӢַס
Ǳۣ˽𣿡Ӣ֣ĵЦš
Ҳ˹ˣ̴ôˣ·ߣͷľͻĿİ
Ȫˣǵˣˡ
Ҳ֪ͷսɳշڹġ
̴ɫ࣬˶վԼ࣬Ӣջز֣ȴ̴ڷһգסԼ
ƴȣӢ̧ͷһãȻ
ȴ̴ڰͦصĿǰ¶УŹâ
̴֣ڿУһԲӺ͹ķȥ
ӢתͷĴҿš
һ·ڶ࣬Ѳߵıؾ֮·
˶ӣˣã
յӺ͹ͳĽڣ㿴¹Ŵ멣̬վ
һǶ߹¹èӣһ·С鲽ǰеĴ̴ڵϡ
ϰҵˣǶˣǺð¹ϵ˴ӣתͷӢüëǹͻϬūǶ콫﷭˸׳죬δѰϣȴҵˡ
Ӣų¹һƵóѵı飬Ұ͡
ع
̴ڴ󲽵ĳķȥԭصĳ¹ŴͣʣϣӺ͹һ߰
̴ڽŲһͣͷƳһۣԵ¹գЩ
¹һæӢ񣬶СֹĪӳأūڣͻ϶ܳ£
˵ձת̴ڵͷȥ
ӢͷһԼģ˽½󣬶Ӻ͹ȥ
գһ㴫ˤʵ
֣첲ˡſɽƵ鼮ϣŸ첲ģ
ıԹĸŸߵ߶˼
С㰡һҧǹ㣬нⷬͷܣҪ˵С͸һ޶ϵڻǰŶԡ
ԼļߵûƼϻӣа׽㣬ؼʱҲһѣһʲôӣ
۾һתﲻһСͬôҲС˵˵ǸѾͷۻء
׽Դĵڱҽӣĵֱӣ⻰ɲ˵ˣǵ˰׼ңǿɾҲûкӹˡ
ﲻŤ²ӣүͷ˻ڣҲú˼ңδؾͱǰ׼Ҳܿɫ
Ҳ֪ͷƣѪŴӻҪģԲ˳ǲ׼ңﻹǵ֮أĵšԼڡ
ΪֶǿӲǵΪʢԼЩټСǰ̧ͷ
Ϊ֪ЩŽ׳ģڱԼ˵Լ޳ܣǷ֦ͷҲɽˡ
ְ̫ѨСҿСŰ׼Ҳǳ֮ƣɫȨƵļˣҲͲ˱ϢˣŻϾͲ
ɲ࣬µ˰׼ңЩֶΣƾҵɫô᲻ϲ㵱ɻʺҲΪԼλ
ױžԼݡ
̴𨹫ӣ޶ԼСĽġ                        
лҪ˵ΪСɰĵطΪôҿø͸峤֧Сڰ填
  ̴ڣĿǰֵĹؼ㣺
  1˫ӡ
  2ˤ
  3ϲص㣬12µСϸںҪ
  4Įƫִǳǿ
  ϡ
  δ˵ĲںĻԽԽϣСɰϲ£ÿġ

20

ɾηŰ׼ңηŰ׽㣬Լֻܻ˶롣
ҲãԼƽ̴ڵɿкܶþֻԼһ
ǻϲиֳҲǼҲ򡭡
û˵꣬㲻˵ĳ˦˸ӡ
ֿɲҪ˵ˣǸȨƲ˵Ǹмġòͻһģһ⣬ܱȵùϡ
Ļͬĵͷ˵ʱվϦ磬׹ٹٶ磬С㲻ϸƣΪǿ
°ͣ˼۾
ûڻӦ㴫˰ȵ
űƿ߬Цӯӯĳ˹
Ѷ¡
ĹŮŰȵָʾŵ֯˷ǰ˳˴
ֱӣָϵĲϣ˳ָзų˹
ŷ۵ϲϸü΢Цϱ߶³ӣ֯ƽ㶼˳úܣҸյһϲ͸˹
ֻＷǰͷһӣ¶̰Цš
׽⣬ΪڻǰûΪ˵ԭ򣿡ϣԼࡣ
ڴ΢üͷʵǽ㲻ãûסãƽ޹ʵı۸ȥ
Űû˵䣬Ҫ滨ģеӣƵ¡
סȵĸ첲ļͷҲںͽ㿪ЦôأֻǸŮֶθ
ָᣬ۾ģ
ЦҡҡֱۣţȻģ׽ϴõˡ
ŷֱˬЦһתʵյ飬Ҳᣬڹ͹̧ͷͷ绯ɸΪ񲯡
ŮԽ㲻㶼ԳԿͷŵĿ
֣һƵʵֻӻѰˣһϻҺ͹һͬﱸϦ磬ҲҪ͡ŷɫת˵ţҴûгﱸôҪϯҪһ֮ǰ
׽飬Ȼҵ飬岻ݴǡ
ŷʮģЦŽӵþͲҪˣһҪȥӺ͹ҹϦ֮£ÿҪһ𣿡
ֻĵšڣ̧ŰģƲ͵ͷ
Ӻ͹ӢϺ۾һֱͷĥ۵С
СԼճ֡İɫĩͷӵеʰ鳡
ӻū澳ȥ԰Ӱɡ
Ӣ򦣬СҼҵģôûģĥ
С˫һĿֱһ飬鳡
ŮӰҪһ֮ģۿ۷ĺö˾ˡӢҨһȺ̽
һԵһϸޣһ۾
˼ʹ˫ۣŲӿӢСĥۣū澿ԡ
ϸǱ˷ù֮ˣϸĻ˱ǲġӢ۽ЦţֹĻ
ɰͷѵģӢóѵһЦ
ŰӺ͹ʱһ۱Ƽ˶ſڵɡ
һίģ̧ͷԼ̻صһۣŰȵĸ첲̤޵
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ӢƳһǰĲ֮ͣе룬ʰӲԼǡ
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˯Ǹһе紵ݶ˯ˡȽ
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ӢԼķ٣ĵƽ䣬ǳˣ
һֲ֣ܿƵһ鴤
뵽Ű׽ͬ˵Ļͣвʵ˵˰ȵ
ŷӣӢƵĴֱӡ
ԻãôͱһЦŵòأŪñЩ֪ˡֻӢ͵֣һγѵģ˵ţϣλôվţɣõ
Ӣսľİ÷˽
е÷ʣɹվڷǰС̧һۡ
ɵǺƽԵֲһš
Ӣ䲻ôһ仰˫ֲ÷ʵıԵСŵòҰס
Ƴһ۷ɣ˫ֻץڣŲֱӢ
Ǻ⣿ҵЩˡ
ӢЩζĺ󱳣һ
Ǻ⻵Ѿͷתúŵûɢģ
Ӣ欵ʳָԼ°͵ǰӹз߳棬ȴƫƫҧͱѾͷôһƲȬÿ죬һ̺۶û£ƤǱ֮ǰˮˡ
Ӣⷬԭһӵ˲Ժˡ
Լ˲ӡ
Ӣ״üЦתͷȡ
Ůӵ棬Ҫ˵ǽＧúý̽ǡ
ֻתͷ۷׽Ӳĵ˾䣺㣬˵ǡ
ٳԣĸּء
˽һ߽ǣֱ׾١
ӢѾԼУ۾һתڵձﷸ֣ɻűЩ˰̾ڱˡ񱾹һ˺ۣҲʹͷ
˻ƳǰΨΨŵŵɣĵūţǺĽ
ȷʵģϲԸ֮Ѿͷ͸ɺã
ӢûȵĻӦǰɷһתԼǰ
ֻߵڵأʵū澶겻ⱲūֻźҪūͳȥ
žᶨɣӢϣֱߵ
ɱ߳ҧûòһδĹݶĳͷ
ϻЩһڴӦ뿪ԼҲȥ
Ȼڤ粻飬ͱԼˡ

21

ӢϸϸɵԲԣͷ˿
ϣһû˵ʲôأѾͷһίˡŵšӣŤͷһЦѾͷԹģˣϲҲֹֻˡ
ӢǳЦϵɣ֣οҪȥҲǲġӢɵ֣Լߣָϵİ̺ۣôء
ӢĿ⣬ɫһţӲᡣ
ڽ仹ĥ۵С˵ӵ˰鳣ͣ˸İۡ
Ӻ͹װһƬͣʱֻ¹̣˽
ūŸƽ밲
ӢЦֵ̧¹ɡ
¹Цӯӯķͷϵ̫ñһȦڵ
ãƽڣūž͵Уطˡ
Ųӿһ۳¹е̣ݸЦ¹͸ġ
ϣ⼪黰˵ģۼĪ
¹е̣ߵӢǰ˷кܶ಻֪ϰףÿϦǰ϶дŸ֣͸׹ٹ٣Ԣ긣˼顣
ӢƳ۳¹иź첼̣롣
˷ʮ꣬ʮ̴ڵĸ֣ĸ֣ûһŴ͸Լ
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̴ڵʥּ̫󣬽ʺϸ
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ӢޱĿų¹Լǰƿ첼Сѹһţ˫ֳʵǰ
ǹģϸš¹Цӯӯģ⽫ϸҧø
Ӣӹ¹ĸ֣Уϸϸš
ɫֽѹŽƬŨܵī
̴ڵֲԾīˡ
ȴҲͬһ㣬ģûʲô顣
ϵ֣ôáȲĿӢеĸ֣ȴһת˵ţֻ͵ĸ֣õĶǽ֭ôˣ
¹æתŸ֣ݵ˷ǰ
û䣬û䣬ǻϴ͸ƽġ
ӹ¹еĸ֣üëЦš
˿Լеģֿ۰еġ
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ͷɬЦϴһƽòҪ˵
ŷͰһһ͵ģӢںֽ棬ͷķ˸ֽۣŸֱַߵİϡ
¹뿪󣬷ק°ȵӣһЦ
Һй˵ˣҵĽ̶Ϧϸ֦ĩڣĻһӢ˵š
Ӣǣֱߵů¯
ŰȣЦôɣҲԼйŰ˲佩ӲףӢ˵ţȻˣմ밲󣬱汾һȥ̨Ϧ֮°ɡ
Ŭһ˿Цݡ
⣬ã
Ӻ͹˦ӣߵӢŮ˭Ȼ˶ԴǣҲˣɽ˷Ůӣ
ֵˣҵǾùĻ
׽̫棬ǸŮű½űߵʯӣ˵ţлϸò
ȵͷЦ۾ȴŷű
ƬѪ߰ߣȾ䡣
ҹĻʹùõ޵еĺС̽ĵ֡
ϴ͵ĸ֣ĶڵϣƼҪ˵лùϵĸ֣ȥĻҳϸϸš
ӢϣӭеĻϥ
̧һŸ֣Ȼôɻȴûϴ͸ҵ֣ڴҵ棬ΪҪϧ
ù̾˿ǽĸС˴ϡ
ͷר־ŻϥӢɻϲЩŮôˣùߵߣϸϸһĻϥĻ㾫ϸǸϵģ
廨봩ӢƳ˭Ҫ
ڵϵСӲӣĥһۣӯĳ±ӡ
ҡҡλεĳӴȥ
Ŵŵĸ֣С۾˿۾ֿ˿
ӣˣ
С£ùú˹ϸŴϵĸ֣һ𾪵תͷӢ֡
ˣ
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ҹɫڻ£ŨܵīϾǰ߰⣬Ŀ½ǰ쵡
Ӣǰָīùã޵Ϩˡ
Ӻ͹⣬¹һ谵һõ޵̧ͷһֱĬŵ̴ڡ
ˣϿԻȥ˰ɣ


22

۳ŷѩҪˣ䳹ҹϻһĳֱӺ͹
멶ûϣôӺ͹վ˰ʱ
¹ϨĹƣĬĬߵ̴ڵԣڵס硣
̴ȴʼһԲģӺ͹޵Ĵӡ
ūž˵ϻ۹ˣֻܷϵࡣ¹ӣЦ
޵ڣӢٴϨ
һȼĺҡҷĹһŴϵǸ֡
Ӣ
Ӣ΢촽ֳּ
û뵽Ȼж졣
ǰӣСְùĿɿڴĿּĿ¿ʱ𾪵ס͡
һٸһٸأſڴϵСָͷϵĸ֣ͷӢЦòá
Ӣź򣬴Ӹֵĵһʣһֱһʡ
ϰصʱеĺ΢һ¡
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⹬̴ڵ˼̴ڵˣֻΧŰһת
ܻԼġ
ֻС͵ôܣǻǾˣ
ùһСĻæסͣݺݵĵһۡ
ٺ˵ͷ㲻׼Էù֨֨صСת޵
ӢַŴӣ˼š
ȴһ䣬СĽƿһ϶
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Ӣһֱ״йȵ̧׿һۡ
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Ｇ棬鶯۾ҿš
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Ӣů¯ЦȻ
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Ӣ˫ۣǹ
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ӢƳԵİȺＧǴͷһ仰˵Ҳ˼֡
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ӹҩƿɻĴյǼ⴦ţʲô
׹СĴյĶϴùﴩƶǵĶ
׹Ļһţ⣬ǰ׽˼
Ȼǣĳ
ƿӲǡ۾һתСǰף壿
ŷƶı飬׹Ĭŵͷ
ƽ֪ôˡ˵׹ת뿪ˡ
߬ŵҩƿ촽ֱٵĽҩƿͷҲ̧ȥ
Ӻ͹·ϣӢֻһͣ˽Ų
תľＧ
Ｇȣϥߵúÿ죬檲һ׷ˡ
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ֻＧһߵͷһߴ½ͳһСӣݸ
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ֱӦоУԼ֪ģж࣡
ϲӣӢȵ´
ֻＧ棬۾һСƽŵǷﻹϸòǡ
ŶӢüһȤţＧ֪ƽԲ棿
ＧС鲽ǰ˿ȻǼ檰˵ģ൱Ĳǡ
ߣ
ӢŵԼֻ֪ＧǾԲ֮ˣȴ֪ڷĹﰲߣ
ΪθԼ
Ｇߣ
Ｇ鶯һתͷȻֻͼȫȶգȻҪ֪֪ǡ
Ľ
ＧͷȻ
ǱӺ͹
ＧͷȻ


23

ŶŶǡＧӦ󣬼æҡͷһʼȷڹĹаߣֻǻˡ
Ӣ۾Ｇı飬һȵСŮ
ϸϸСŮģӢ˼ӡ
Ӻ͹ĹԭͶ࣬ȱһҲûϡ
û뵽Ｇˡ
ＧӢͶŤͷ˿ԼСŮ
ͷЦûûѾͷѵùﻹǵá
ӢеСӣԼ°ͣＧãſڵＧȻڱĹаߣΪǻȥΪҪ֪
ֻＧ۾˸ţϥӢǰ檷ԶģһжֻΪԱ·֮ģ
ƽΪֱʣˣŮＧȻΪԱΪβȥֺǣұأӢϸ˫ۣǰεεˡ
Ｇеƣ¶׵İ
λΣ˾䣺ΪǺˣǲẦ檵ġ
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⻹ûҹôˣӢĵ̴ڵļȦȦǻ˼ɼįͣ
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̴üͷ㿪ò
ĽϣĿӢǰϡ
ɨۻһԵɣ̴Ϊ³ͷ
ӢЦŤ̴֫ڵϡ
˫̴ֹڵĲĵĶԭڻ檾Ǵ̱֮ˣ檺ء
̴ɤӣһ
̴Խ͸ĶӢǰ鷢ĶС硣
̴һֱ˫΢šӲһ§ϸӢŴһת̴ڵԡ
̴εķյ˫֣սȭͷɫȷŻҪѿ֣ӢۣԼ°͡
檷ųԵ̫ʵǺȲѣ͸Ѿͷȴ쳼檵ء
ӢָŷңƳ۹ڵϵɡ
Ŀתϵʱŷ˿ָһ٣лιһ˿ı
Ȼϵȵѩ࣬ҲǺͰһ˺ܾõģҲǿϧ硭Ӣѣݵ̴ڵǰ
ۣЦýޡ
磬泼檺˰ɡ
ڵϵɣӢⷬһһͷ亹ĵͷҶ
̴Ӣ
ãӹӢеĲѣʼϡ
һ

24

ôˣ粻Ҫ³檣벻㰡
޵صŰȳֹĿ޺滨ۡ
Ӣȥж½һطĴӺ͹һڹˣԺ
ӢɪɪɫҰ׵ɣ˴ǡ
ʱֻＧ糾͵ܽԺӣڿڵϵӢʱ񣬱С߽޵
һ޵Ｇ̫ҽſڴǰʹ޲ֹİȣŲӹ˽
ȺӲӣһ˫ӣ͵͵Ŵϵˡ
̫ҽ𣿡̴ڵ֣žžવڴϡ
û̫ҽǻػһֱŵ̴ڱ˫ۡ
ԼĶͷɨ۴ߵİȣӣǿ˰Ƚյ˫֡
̴Ŀ޵ﻷһȦͳأ
֣ڴǰİʧӡ
߬Լе֪أѾˡ
̴ڷŶͷӡ
Ȼֻһ˺ѵʹ̴Լԭƽϣ˺Щס
Լ䣬첲Ҳǲĺ
̴ڼӴϣ̫ҽеʲô
֣̫ҽǰػϣǶҩǱ֭ⶫù࣬ɶġŻ¡к֢֮ʲͬжķӦҲͬϾǶ෢
ſڴϵİϸϸ֣̫ҽĻȰֲüͷ
Ϸģֻ購⼸ӣڵı֭ųްˣֻϵĺǻҪһʱա
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ҪȥİԼ𣿡
ȼ̴Ͻѥȥĵҧ촽
ԺСɵһƽƵڵء

ſڵϣԼļ򣬲ͷӢӣūԩĲūµĶ
ӢһίɣֽӵϷɰģɲˣġ
ʱ̴ֻһīɫӣ߳˵ţ½¶ʵš
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Ű̴С˵ģӢüһĹԼСϡ
ϻûڣþ϶ǶǱµģӢľԼķң۸ĿǻҪãкҪϰ
Ӣⷬ˫ֽһ
̴ڻͷĿĶԼֻӲͷƤ˼ףǹΪԼĸѶΪ֮أ
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ūˣҪ˲ǻϣ㰡ùߵڵأϣ⹬ҪΪ
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һӢĻʼձŵһᣬ̱ڵء
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Դӽ֮½ɣҫ˵ĵˣӺ͹˭ѵĻ˵ǲǰСŤŲӣСŮǺš
Ůǵһ¿϶Ӣݻֵָ̿ɵɣ㲻㾿ΪΣ
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ξ
̴ֶԼ֮һֱӢϣҧгݵ˵˺棬ͷ
ֻӢ۲תߵ̴ڵǰ
ػϣƽﲻɣƾһСŮı֮ģǱָʹϣ飡                        
лҪ˵̴ڣǲǻûϵӣ
ÿ
̴ڣң

25

һֱվ޵ſڣͣⲽš
ԴӺ͹ǱߴжϢһֱţɤۡ
ܻһס֣ϵ޵ķš
֣֣ôˣʣϿɼݱˣ˵
ٵסͣڵ
Ϻ鸣죬ô£ǳһĺӣûˡץһĹӣŶӱߵҲǺС˵Ǳ֭˵ģ
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ƽ˺һſڵֵĻǺ׶컻˱֭ȻҪϸı֮
ｫĹƤڵϣ˵ǰ׼ҹͲǸöǽ赶ɱˣʺϿۡ
ֱϹ˵ҩģ׽֪顣
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Сžţ檶֪ˡӢ°ֻͣ檻ϲ֭ĸ֣ŹЩ
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µƤնϣ̴ڱ˫ʪţԼǰ
ֻӢŤԲϣ̧ҽţδɵˮ飬̴ڵϡ
ֺ˵ĹڣһϾš
£üȻЦ次


26

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Ĺ̵¶Ӣһ̴ֻڵԽ¶ƣӢ۳ԼĽţԲ
һת̴иõӣҧһСڡ
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̴ͷ֭ˮӢһ͸顣
ӢζĿеӣһתͷƼ̴ѾеСͷгһƤ
Ӣľٶһ㶣̵ҧһӡ
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ϸüһӢ㽿̴ڵϥϣ׽ſеӣͷƼˣΪǳ۸ء
ӢԵĳеƤһԡ
ôóԵӣһ˶̫ˣιϳӰɡ
ͷҧһ⣬ҧڳݼ䣬̴˸ۡ
ͷӢ˵ɫŵ⣬еǵ̴֭͵תͷȥ˳ֽϵӢ
ǰԣ
Ӣ׽ſ⣬ԱԹ˾䣺ϻǣ֪Ȥ
ȻĿ̴⴦ǸɫСϡ
ӢִСӣյǼ⴦ţüʲô
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˸ˣˣЩӦ
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̴ҪĴʱӢڵ𣿴˿Ҫ˳檣ϾͲܷˡջϸ˳檡Ӣ̴ֵڵĿڴָ״ѣ»ϣеۡ
̴Ŀ⣬΢Ĵ꣬ա
ӢĲӣĿ⣬ϡ
ƳӢĶ̴࣬°͡
𣿡
Ӣ°ֱͣҪʲô
Ǽ̴֣ӣѹֵ˭

27

ǳ檵ķǳ檵ϵ˼档
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̴ֻԼԽ䣬ǷĵӣŰĴԼ
ϱ̴ദʮδ
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ͳһ䣺˯ɡӢĴǻ
УԼǰǿ
ҹĻӴϵĽ˿ҡҷˡ
ӢųΣͱ§Լֱۣľѡ
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ˡ
Ӣһ֣ȴ̴յøˣԼӿء
ãӢֻӦһ䣺֪
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ĻòжţɽôһҲκδ壬ݵóò
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ǵ˽һƵӰɨǡ
ѾߵԼǰӢ̴һ촽е˫Ѿ߬ȭ
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Сɰ·ʱҪע⣬ܿ߿׹رʺޣ
峤ͱ༭vˣûڣлһ·СɰǣϹ

28

ĿԣᶨƵɱ
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Ӣ˫ۣ˽ԼĶ
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һ뵽ϯϦ磬Ӣûôˡ
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һǧСڴİȣƲƲ͡
ȲһǧʯףôҲεڵأ
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ۡ
  طĻϣϿ֣ڴ󳼱ˣɽ౾ˡ
  һͷңʼ̻ȻиƤҩһճԼСӡ
  ꣡
  һ߷˻ΣСӡ
  ۣ縸ɩĸ׮£޲ͬ⣡
  ڡ歡Ļ*
  һ仰ܣºҺͻ˽ˣ

29

òԼͷϵָ, ӢⲻĻش̴תͷ
ĿӢ͸촽ϣ̴ڰ˫ۣн𺡣
ӭ̴ڵɫӢջشͷ֣ϵյ, Ữǡ
, Цϻû۳檽յױءӢ˸ۣòÿ
̴ڽӲתͷȥͷһھ, ϥϵֽ߬
̴ڲԼĬ, Ӣüһ, Ųӣöδ˵ӡ, չ¶ǰ
ָ⻮ӢŶͷֲ, Ҳ֪ҹڳ, ϸ˭ǻϣ
ǡ˿˿ȻֹѻȸĴϣӢĽ̶֮
̴žƱһ̺һƬ
̴ֱߵİ, ͷһеŹǣһʲôûģ
ֱߵ̷ȴѱò״
ǲ򵥰
ɲǣԭΪǸ廨ͷƼ̳ϣһ仰ͽĵλ̧ƿˡ
ԼŮʺ뷨ඡ
еľյԽļ󳼣ЦǼԽյʳв磬ϷŷӸˣͷλ˾Σ
Цصӣ˽ļӣĬĳ
бۿŴ֮ϵĽӢԽĴ̹ǡ
ֻߵСˣĶСֹһ䣬ǸСת߳˴
̴һߺСƵӢĿԼɨһȦ㽫һŴ׷ݵǰ
ŴŴĸ㣬Ӣֱӣ檲
ӢٳٲϽ£̴ǿӲĽӷʥּ
Ӣɴ۾᲻̴ڣֿ˿һӵĸ㡣
ʲôʱƢôˣ
ģһӳȥԼò׻Ĵױȫˡ
Ӣ̧ͷһ̴ڣתĿ⵽ϣӢæĸŵԶλϡ
ֱߵһöӣң̴ڵϲ
̴תͷӣҧڴݼ䣬Լۡ
յױݱĨɫĻױӣҵɫԲ£Եøӽˡ
ʱֻСص̴ϡ
һͣס̴һѿסӢĲ
ҧĴꡣ
촽ϵĦӢɴ˫ۣ˫ֽӲץԼȹǣһ̧𣬵̴ڵǰ
Ϊ̴ڿס˲ãӢ̧һۣ
ȴĿɫѿ߳˴
Ӣȫ˼ڰȵϣûȥϸϸ̴ǵ˼Ҳûע⵽Լͨͨ
Ȼڿȷϵǡ
̴ڣˣ
عʱ̴ѾԼҧڳݼӣҡ
ӢĿ׽ӣңԼĴꡣ
ۣŪ۳ˡӢüͷһš
ԼҪƤ´̴ڽôԵ𣿡
ȴ̴תͷ裬񷽲ʲô鶼ûз
ӢһͷˮյӳھˮԼĵӰӢŴ͡
Ĵױ
òףĻĴױȫ̴ڸˣ
յžһϣӢŤͷ̴ڡ
̴ĿɨһȦϯϵǣҲûϵƻϵԹԵĺȾƳԲˣ̴ڳϵʮָԾõ档
תͷ
ĿԣһЦҲûϵĽ
ϣڽ۾һתϵľƺķȥ
ӭ˰æƵĹŮæӿŲһǰĹŮߵ˰ԡ
ūľյˣū澰үˮɡ
Ե̧ͷһĵסԼıڡ
Ǳ߲Ҫź𣿡
ܾɴƤԵϡ
еľƺùĿӣһݵߡ
֣ǳȥ˵ˣү⡣
תͷߵķ⣬ֿһԼߵ
յһģɫױŴɫΣۺĿ
һ۾ͿͼЦһ
Ƕ
ͽץߵķ⣬˵ϡ
һŵĿĶߣʲô⣬ӵĿڣȻŮˣҲʲôɫԵ£
Żԭصǳһ䣺
ôһ֪ƨɣԱ˶ԼͶĿ⣬ͷת˳ȥ
һ뿪θٶȼ
̧Ÿոߵǰй쳤ȵǰ۾ºӡ
ӭϰĿ⣬йͣס˽Ųͷһޱ顣
棬ơ
йתӣصĹǰ˷˾ƺ
еľˮû˾յŲһ¡
йٴǰеľյȴٴ
ֻ첲ϣϵʱ̣ϵط
йƽĵеľˮľյ㸩ת뿪ߡ
ȵıӰźӣһ
⣬ſڻϣҧгݵ˺еһͷӭ˷һŮӡ
ŷЦȽεؽС
̧ͷ¶񾲵Цݡ
׽㣬һأԭˡ
ȵ˫ֱŷݸһЦ̧ͷԵǸŮӣλǣ
תסǸŮӵ֣Լ¡
׽ǹ˶£̫ξ˸ϵѽСʱڻϼġ
СĹ򣬰ȱѾ½˱顣
ЦɵҪСԽޣϲˡ
ֻϵͷߵЦͲҪȤˣЩҹ˭˲֪˷òıǻߵĹˡ
δȻƲԼ˵ⷬʱȵɫжѿ
ԹԵļ˵ţԭҲֻǵ;˵ǰ˫ĺգлüݣǹɫ㣬޶ء
ŬıϵЦݣֵȻǾĺա
ǹյǸױݣֱǴҵĿϡ
ϵǳ鴤ţȴЦøӲá

30

ϵ˫, ȻСϲȥ͹ҪױݵҪ죬عҲỶϲ
⣬᲻̫ͻЩЩ˼Ϻɬ˵š
һ, ֵСڴв˼, ͽȥ˴СΣ
һͷҲ, ֻ̨ǵһﶼϤ, ֪δΪס
һߵģ, ̧Ҳ
ֻ۾һת, ֱԲ󲻽ΣľɫҲõ, ֻ
ֻʲôװ¶Ŀ
ֻڱҳĶ, ̨ڱ棬ҪСҳء
һ䣬ϱֵǲãһῴҳʱѽ
ȲģЦ˫ۡ
ϵֱ, СأԸԳˡ
ҳϵıһϺӢ񣬱תķȥ
Ӣ͵͵Цַ̧Լ۽Ǵ飬˵Լ⾫ĵװһʶġ
Ѭõģ챧
ӹùеůѬ¯Ӣڶڣڵġ
˿ùãҪȥһˣ̫ͲøˣСžͺá
Լ֣С۾һð⣬ͦ˲ӡ
С˵ӣùЦĺ󱳣Щ˲Ӿͷ㲻׼Է
СԼظЦСڣǲܳӵģ
ӢתķȥȵＧײļ
Ųһ٣ӢŶϴＧϸ΢
Ҫȥ󣿡
Ӣתͷ
ȥֻԼ֪Ｇ֪
ＧȣС檷ƼСһＧС鲽Сġ
˵⻰ӢＧһƵˡ
ӢɫһͷеѬ¯򦡣
תͷǰƬŵƽʣȴһ˵ıҳӢȻ˽Ų
̨ڣ̴վ紦ĿϯµǶԻϥϡ
ǶԻϥ幤ϣ̴ڱ˫ճȭͷ
ǰʱϵˣȬ
̴ͣסŲͷ΢΢׵ֳ
ȴꡱһǳЦб𣬻ϲҪԡ
̴ɫ䣬ͣͳްȡɼã
ЦŽϥϵᣬӦţҲˣ̫ҽ޲ߣҲֻϰˡ
̴е㺣ӻǰ
ɫôѿϲΣԵøӹ𣿡
ɫЦݣ̴ƽĲĬĵͷ
̴ڵĿⲻԾתƵǶԻϥϣϿҹſȥˡ
ߣ

̴üͷһš׺ת̨ȥ
תͷǶԺʵĻϥͷҴϥϵ̺ӡ
ҳϣӢСţȴһԵСڱϴﻬЦͭö
ӢеѬ¯ҡҡͷ
СӾСӣһųֵҰ˨˨ס
ˤ֪ˡ
Сҡ£תӢЦš
ӣӣһѽأ
ӢҡͷˣȽš
û˵꣬С˹ǰһ
㣡
Ӣ߬СС֣קڱϻԲԲһȦ
ϣʹúܡ
ӢͷĿڽ£
ֱͨһˤڱϣŤһţӢűЦݣĴСֱ
ʧǰ㣬ūʧǰ㡣СƤӺף㽫Ӣӱ
ӢԼĶеů¯СҪСӣģԺ˭Ҫ㡣
Сɬ̧ԼЦǺǵū澻Сأ
С㿪ʼѧϰأ㶼ʮˡ
Сָ߬ƤģӢɸֵĳüë
˫ִ࣬ӯǰҡš
С棬ӢŤͷѧŵ㣬һѧһ
ֻС˳ĵͷŤڰںơ
ӢԼ󣬲ԼĽӡ
ȴѵصĴ׶졣
ôߵ𣿲ҪҪţţ
Ӣׯŵٴ̤ǰһŸأܱ㷢ѵ
һĽԭأӢüͷŲС
ʲô
ԵС۾ɵôģ˫ץסĸ첲ͷū澺ˡӣˣˣ
Ӣ˳Сָŵķȥǰ治λãһܱŽš
ɼѺۿٵɢţǰһֱΧһԲȦ
СվѺ۵Ĵ
ӢűĻۣ촽ֲ֪ĽСԼ
ɵҲţʵıѵɺϣ롣
Լ߽˱˾õ壡
ֻһҵӢŽѵıֹסҡΡ
Ӣ
ǰĺӢɫһϱԼ֮ǰһ

Ӣ̧ͷűԼˣʣ塣
ۣԼ
ڱ泹ѿ³ʱ΢ſ˫󺰵ϣȳ檣
صһƣıϡ
*
رĽ˷˰ʱ
ŮӼٵĴƽһСһƵļУصڸС
Σûӵζɣ
ڵĻľ£һ컡
ҵȹϣй˫ֽץżӣڰϡ
˫ۣüšһֲ
йϸĲڰļϣ촽˰ĿС
һ˿Ƶľ󣬰ϲ˷й֮УȴûͣеĶ
й΢ƣİ˫ۣӡ
һҧĶϣӻʱűˣ
İһй͵ƿȴϱһס˲ӣļͷ
йŲӣ۱΢ĿŵҲҪ֣Ҫϵĸ꣬ңҼӡ
ͷйϣ飬ͷ۽ǣȴûɿӵ֡
ֻҪ⣬Իס°ͣϾǵĶӡ
˰꣬й᲻еָʲô
ֻɿ֣֧ȣֱ۴ϥϡ
ֿסйĺף㣬ûн
й˫ֳڵϣ첲ͣĲš
Ŷģı˫ۡ
ſʱ㴫С˵ү̨ǱϢˣ
üͷһйĺףһˣ
ȴ˳ĬƬ̣СүǱˣ˵ȥˣ

31

, Բǰ޼辰еĿ֦
£ɾһ̶Ȫļȴصļÿһ辡
Ϣˡ
һ׹, ܵ, 򦣬ԸЦš
̫ξǸɵģȻûй˱һϸķ辵, ȲŮˤˣ
ȴϵĻҳ, ԼĽ
ؾ֮·ϵĻ, һ׹ȥ͵͵ˣֻҪӢ̤ȥ, Ͳˤ
ǿϧ̫ξҵС㣬ƽ޹ʵĳĸ
Ҫ֣͹Լɣ
ȴ׹ҡͷǸŮû, , ôһ˾͵ȥˡ
׹Ļȷеļͷ
Ӣˣȵļ˿Ѿȫ¶
͵վӣ˫ֽһ, ڵڲͣŲ
ðǺð˵үǺõģȻñģֻա
Цߵ׹ǰڴ𣿡
ǻū澾Ͳ֪ˣūֻ֪Ѿ̧Ӻ͹ˣ⺮µ棬дĿܡ
һɴ֣Цǰ
ֱЦöۣȲ۽Ǽģ˵ôĵĻ棬ȱϯߣȥӺ͹ȥ
һӺ͹żƼһֱ޵̫ҽŮҽֿ
㳡棬óѵЦš
һ£Ѿ΢üͷ
㣬ҵĺý㡣
һ·滨ĵ޵ͨһ¹ǰ
Ѿմˮʪ˭ǽģ
ȹڵϣ߬һʹ飬һʵģܡ
һ̧ͷû˵Ļ̽˶
ӭϴǰӢĿ⣬˶ԭء
ǵ
Ϊʲôţ
һĳԼǰ
תͷվڽӢԵ̴ڣƴסԼͣ˫֡
ãȻĿһԵ׹׹Ҳҧ촽ʲô֪ģ򶨵Ĵӵվ
Լȹȶׯ̴ںͽӢǰϥ
˵ˣһʱļǣûϺ͹Цˡ
Ӣ̴ڽһ仰˵ȵͷЦԭǳߵѾ˻ֳôһЦ
Ӣڴ齱ߣɨһ۰ȣڵõϢͨ
ǹŽ㣬ȻԽġ
ŰԼǰ̬ӣӢһ仰˵
ÿԻȥˡ
εվֱӣȴǲԸ뿪ǰһ
ŲϵŮӣһüۣⲻǽߵǸСŮԭǵ
ӢŴϻԲѵСְʵʵҴ˱ǡ
ǲߣȥˮ
Ӣ̶Ļ΢ЦţȻ£̫ҽҲڣþи˲Žˡ
ߵ̴ڵǰܵʱˣϺͳһȥɡ
ȴ̴ڱڼӴϣ˫ۣûԼ
ĿһֱڽӢϡ
ίֻͣת뿪Ӻ͹
̫ҽСʱӢСȵĶͷŵĿ֣̫ҽ
ĻѰŮʱˮҲ˵ܻܲȻˣҲҪĺ֢
֣̫ҽĻӢմʪеӣСĲС
ɷŮҽֿС飬СǿֻҪ˾ѹˣϵĺҲرأ֮پĵͺá
Ӣתͷ֣̫ҽĲš
Сһʮĺӣǿ֣̫ҽĪ˵Щƭ
⣬⡭
֣̫ҽڵϱ׾ģһԵ̴ڽüͷ̧Ӣļϡ
ӭӢżĿ⣬̴ڳ֣̫ҽ˵û£һû¡
̴ڼᶨĿ⣬Ӣ֪ΪηеĲһƽ
Ťͷ̴ڴԼͷϵ֣ͷһ
Ӻ͹ӵŵ̫ҽŮҽֿǷ׷£Ӣڴǰһۻߵ̴ڡ
ϻ𣿡
ټ޵Уõò̴ڵĻӦ
檽ˣҪչСûˡ
ӢеӲСĶǣȻ̧ͷ̴ڡ
̴ڻվһӢǲͷüͷ
檵˼ϲ𣿡
ӢеĲ̴һֱǰ˫۴ࡣ
ĿӢĲĬú촽΢΢ſȴһֶû˵
̴ڵͷԼʪ͸ѥЬת̤޵
̴뿪ùòŶˮߵӢԡ
ūɣһ죬ȥЪϢɡ
ӢҡҡͷСҵСѹ
ùվڴ齱ߣСͨСоۺʹȰ
ū澾֪СѾͷǸĻģҲǿΪ˹ġù˫ֽǰתͷӢأǿԷ½ˡ
ӢָСգϵ鷢Ҵ
СһƣƳѵı档
ǰ̴ȵĽס˹ȥԼ׶༪ٵʱһ˶ûС
ЬӺȹûմʪ
ɵľ죬ٴ̴ڵĻתʱСѾ˴̹ǵĺ֮С
ùȥұЩʳɣ׼ЩСƽʱԵģҲöˡ
ӢĻùֹסĵͷϲ֮⡣
⣬¹Źƣվ̴ڵ࣬סҹĺ硣
ϣȥٻ
ȴ̴ڵ˫֣һ仰˵
֮ǰҹվӺ͹⣬˳¹˭֪
գǶСﰡ¹ͷ̴ڣСϽСﰲŵߣǡ
̴ĿһֱλεĴϣĬãתӡ
̧ʱнǱɱ

̴ͻĻ¹۾һתȻĽ̴ڵĲ
ʵ̫ξҵС㣿һ¶ūžͰϵķԸڹ˾ڷС
̴ֻ˫ֽճȭķȥ
¹ŵ̧Ĩ˰Ѷͷϵ亹Ķᵽɤۡ
ֻءһǰ̴һ߿˷Ĵš
İķڣûС
¹ֻɭĸڣ̱ڵأѾ޳ɸˡ
Ͽ̴ʱ۶ǿ־;
һأϲ̴ֹڵĽűߣ۾ʵʣϣŮʲô𣿡
ԼĿ⣬ڵɭΪһ壬˻ֹסս
ȡ޹֣ϾãδһӵУɫ
𣿡
̴ڱĻﴫϵĶУûһµŲ˼
ĨᣬҡͷֹŮ֪ϵ˼
һ䣬ͼ̴ڵ˫֣ſȥ
Ͽȥӣ˿Ϊǻա
ĿڣŬƽԼĿ־ʱȴ̴ſڴ÷ʣŲɱ֮˹
һҵ˲˸ڵľס
ʵ÷ʴ̴ڵصڵϣѵľɽһء
ڵϣѱǰġһŵɫҰףʧ˻ꡣ
촽ͷռȣѪȵ̴ڡ
˵
лҪ˵̴ڣ޵·ʪˣû
СɻϱѽظҵĹͣ

32

îʱ, С˹
ŴȻ㲣۾ȴָСӢ֣̫ҽ˵ǿ
ǹù԰࣬ڲ
ùϲĶ룬ݵСߡ
Сͷ, Ųӿ˿ùе, ŲӣƲƲ͡
ӣū澲, ūȼСӢͰ͵գŴ۾
Сģ, Ӣһ, ֹסϲ
ŸѣֻܳЩ嵭, ָˣɽ亣ζ㡣Ӣӹùе룬ҨһСߴ˴, ݵС, 
Сߵ࣬գӢ
Сһţ֧֧̽࣬ǣū澿ԳԺзū澴ûԹ, ûء
ùóִСĶͷЦôƫƫŸۣ
СӹӢе룬ЦüĵܳǸܳ˵ѽ
޵˵Цʱ㴫˳¹ٵ
ЪϢ𣿡
¹ùŶ󺹣æҵĳ¹ʵϣ¹ôˣʲô¶ó¹żӣ
ֻ¹еķⲽš
Ӣڵſʱͬ˻嵽ǰ
¶ˣūһ˰ɣ
Ӻ͹һ·ϣ¹Ѿͷβ˵һ
ӢŶüǺͿҲ˵ºûйϵģҲýһδĹǿڹﰡ
¹ֱֵ˵ǣһ̫ξ˵ĶŮ¶ɸǺð
һôҲ˳嶯֮£
¹һæӦϣֻ֪Ҫй飬һ˰
ŽߵķӢͻȻͣס˽Ųתͷų¹ϱڹ£̫ξ֪𣿡
Ļ̫ξ֪鱻ǿ£ɱˣɿʱٳٶ۵ˣҲҪ֪ˡ
Ӣüͷʹ˫ֽһ
˼ãСǾ鷳¹һˣȥ̫ξ˵
¹èӣɻūȥ̫ξǷϵּ⣬ģ
ȻǻʡӢ۾һתҪּ⡣
Ӣת¹˵ţҪ¹ȥһˣ̫ξʲôҪ˵࣬˵Ǽĺ£
¹һãֵģӢ¹Ͱ˵ȥɣΨܱסϺϵ
¹Ӣһƶӣ֪ҲûиõķֻҡԴת뿪
һƿĵţ̴ڵıӰӳ
صңӢĿ̴еİľϡ
ŶѵһͷմűѪӢһüͷһץס̴ڵֱۡ
ʲô
ԼӢоһŤͷԼ
ܵγѪһĿֲ
Ӣ󣬵ͷŶϡ
˿̵һţɪɪš
ᣬ˿ۡ
Ӣ̴ԼҪеľȴ̴ڽץɿ
ͷ̴ףеִ֣ס֡
ϵˣľ檣
̴ڲŴӷյħƽ
ͷӢһеľ֣ġ
̴ڵʹ΢ţů⻺͸ĵףĿϣӢϡ
ӢеĹӶһߣһǣ̴ڣһӣϡ
ãΪβѽ
һӢ͵Ľ£ץӢȹǺ޵ȾȳŮɡ
ӢֲɾϵˮЦϦҹÿ޳ӣ಻һ
ڲɾԼ۽ǣ̧ͷһӢ̴ڣֻĳסȹǡ
⸱ģӢŤͷ̴ڵгھ͹ˣϻǳȥɡ
̴ȴ֣һһ仰Ҳ˵ֻĿ
Ӣε̾˿ָΣǲߣȥſɺã
̴ֻ̧ԶΣĬһͷǴȥ
̴ϣӢ̾ԭΪԼִֵˣȴ̴ںȣй֮޲
ֵһһź
תͷ̱ڵϵϣΪŹȣ˶ǲģֻڵϣš
֮ǰδãýտͷһν
ϿģĵͷӦǡ
ϵĻشӢŤͷ̴ڣ˴ǡ
̴ޱ飬ȴԼӢ̴֪Ѿ˷ֶôĳ嶯
Ӣƽߵ̴ڵ£˵ţԼ棬ȥıؾ֮·ϣȴڱ϶ֽţǱߵĹŮţ񱾹Ҳ˵ˡ
һ䣬ϱȻ̧ͷ
СĿ̴ڣӢϸ΢ԣʣϺǻǳŮģ
Ӣ΢Цŵͷ֪Ҫȥģֻúͱߵ̴ӣҲҪֻϷûء
ǣǳŮġίӢķȥȴӭ̴Ŀɪɪ˻ԭء
߬ԼȹӣŮֻϲױݣѧϰһŮûкûС
Ϲڵϣŵÿڳݲ壬᲻ֹģӢֻܿüȻǵһνҲǳε̨֪ط
Ӣ۾ŵϵϣظ֮ˣڱ֮ˡ
õӢ㣬ֻϺȻֹͣ˿
ڵ۾ôģʧƬ̣Сǣǡ
˭
ǰȣǷ
Ƕ˹ֶͬΣ
ʲôҪ̴ڵǰ׿˵Ǹ˵֡
ֻͷߵڵأʵǣƽ߳ŮģĲسŮ£ΪŮ

ӢпαϣǣһЦ
תͷߵ̴ڣĵ϶Գ檷ŵʣɻ⣿
̴ԽɫȭͷӢüǻ
ü䣬ǵóԸ֮ϲ
ɻҲҪи̫硣Ӣ̴ִڵֱϣϸţ鷳¶ûʼء
̴еӢſڴ°ͣڵǻԼǳ鷳
ʱֻ̫ξ˻𼱻ǵĳ˽Źڵϵϣһ¹̴ڵǰ
ϣϳⱲΪ˻֣ûйҲпͣΪҪСŮڹ
̫ξ֪֮꣬ͷ׷;Щ궼һսɱϡ
ʮŵôһŮӣǳ絽˼¡
ӢĿ嵶ϡ
֪ϣȴ嵶ڵҲɴϡ
ɼλ̫ξˣΪŮ߱ı֮ӣ
Ӣ̫ξϣЦݡ
̫ξˣڹĲǻϣǱ


33

̫ξ̧һ˵Ӣ, 𾪡
ֻԶԶĿ˹ˣž֮û۴
ֻһǽˣĿգΪҲǳϡ
, òɷ
һͶ̴Ŀ, ̫ξæͷŵ֪ΪСŮҹڴˣ
̫ξһŵģ, ӢЦŻ˹ڵϵϡ
ϵ, ͬһ, ϲĺܣ㱾Ĺҵ顣
ӢϾֵ̧Լһ, ֽŵĵͷ
ʱֳֻͰܣ޽ã̫ξ˲, , ɺã
Ӣ̫ⷬξŵ̧ͷɿ嵶
תͷ̴ڵɫ˫֮⣬ֻСŮֱ, û
ֻӢָϵ޽ǣ̫ξ˹ǫˣˣԶԶֹЩء
Ӣתߵ̴ڵ£°Ϸͬ˵̫ξΪ˷֣ºͣЩ϶ϣѫ̫ξ˵һУ϶ˣȴǾòЩʲô
̴ŤͷӢĿ⡣
ü޵Լ̴üǡ
˼
ȻãҪõġӢס̴ڵ֣һЦͻˣӷΪƽɡ
أ
֣˴ԭأ˫ۡ
ڵϵ̫ξҲһš
ã̫ξſĿİͰ͵ϳǻ׹ݣµЩսҲϳ֮£СŮŰ
̫ξµӣӢЦݡ
欵Ƶ̴ڵ˫ֻסĲ°ĵļͷ
ô˵
ŶϵĽϸϢ̴ڽӲӣѺһƬ
ֽץߵķǰ֮񡣡
̫ξ֪λϧԶ˵ⷬҲһͷˮ
̫ξԭأӢ̴ڵĲЦ̫ξ˻ʲôּлѽ
ʱ̫ξͻȻ׹̴ڿеǰ֮ʲô˼
ƽǻ׹ݣҲΪΪԭɣ˸ͷ
ֻ̫ξϵ֣˵ϡ
ϳСŮлϣлĶ䣬ϳպΪϺǣ
л̫ξıҪϻȥ
Ӣһɿ§̴ڵ˫֣˿ɷԵƬ̣м强˵
̫ξЦŵͷת̤˴ţֻ»ⲻ֪ϡ
Ӣ֣档
Ͻŵ˵ӣӢˣø˲ǰ
ϳ£ϸŮŮЩ¡
ʲôӦõѽӢ۾һתתڵ̨򱾹ױ֮£ˣ
һӢĻϵ͵ط˺Σɬĵͷ
˭ҵСɾõķѽ
Ӣ۽ǣĵñ²£ﻹδȢ޵Ĺӣʷ˼ҵӣ
ɬҡͷӢڵǣ鸮Ĵӣ
ϵʹҡͷ
Ӣһǣ֣ǿǡ̫ʷģСӣ
ֻһ˾ͷߺһƬ
Ӣĵ̫ʷСӣһķɾҹӹſһ·ŵɽȥ
ǣǵġżņ̃ۿӢ˼ǶǱϲϲЩŮӵģСӣõúܡ
ϵСȴ˵ӣӢ֣ɻΪǶ˴ͻ飬Уһѻ
䣬ϱ΢üͷи˵ǣͬģϲپ΢Ĺ٣ͬġ
Ӣ˫ۣȴ֯
ϱ̫ξʷҽףɻգλС޵ֵþһ㣬ǲϻΡ
ŴС̫ʷҵСӷİΪ̫ξʷҽ˳˵֮Сϴ棬ڿϹ۾
Ӣǰĵϣ̫ξ飬ܽϣ̫ξԼߣȻԼλʱһѣ
õСӲɣҲ޼ƿʩ
ֻ͵̧ͷ۾ĿзӣŮ
ӢЦ¶ҲѰ죬ֻǡ
ֻʲôϷס֣ŵ˵š
̫ξͬǵ£ҲûΪǴͻ飬ֻҪӦһ¡ӢߵԣСҹڷ﷢һУþõĸ֪
ŶϵĻϵ۾ͫŴ
Ťͷһ󣬼̴һֱĶǣϺµĸϽתͷ
ŮףŮҹҲҲʲôûм
Ӣ˳ӣߵſڴ
Īȥȴǡ
Ļһ֪⣬ȴǹԹԵĵͷת̤˷
Ӣ۽̴ڡ
һ欵Ĳȥһ߽ҹǿڹǶ˼
̴ںԼӢЦϥϣ˫ֹסĲ
ʳ̴ָָڵüĻǼ⣬òĵĴм䡣
ҹˣϵǲ³檳Դס
䣬̴תͷɵȴ˴
̴ץסֵָ𣿡
̴ڵӢ˫ٴĲ
ĶϣӢ˵檲ᣬ檰ġ
Ļش̴ڽ۾ŭԹͨ졣
ƽãӢ˫֣Ҫδã
ǻҪΪ˵飬ҪΪ檳أ
Ӣָķ˿̬ǧ
ȴ̴̧Ƴһۣȥţ˾飬
Ӣϥϣת
ϵ˼ǣɳ檴ãЦŹ۽ǣôҲǸųҲ±˵л
˾𣿡
Ż̴ڣӢһЦ˳
§̴ڵĲӣһҡͷһ߽Цõ˾ֻͣ㳼һͺá
̴㯵ԼӢһתٽһǡ
**
Ӣ̴̤ʱ򣬱ͰѾ˵ϣؾص밲
ϣ밲֪ʲô飬ûϺҹ˰׽㣿
ŷһ֪ģӢ̴ڵ֣Ŀ֮ߵ÷ǰ¡
̴ڿϵ飬ûм֪طͰȻ֪Ѿࡣ
ǰ̨˾ţôúЪţôҲȰȰ㡣
ȽҪԵķӢֹ
ƽǹŵĺá
Ӣɿ֣ӣ¶ɫ˵һԡ
ʲô˼֪ǰʱյҲܽʲôˮð
Ӣĵ°ͣתͷ̴ڵԭҪȥ˾ģɱʧ˻ҵ棬Ǿ»С
ʲôСµģʲô鶼û֮У
ŵԩķӢߵǰӸµĸ
Ǵ»СҲܾôˣ࣬Ա飬Ƕ顣
ӢǰһŴǵԡ
ֻžһİص
Ӣŵգһŵķ
תͷĿڰȵϡ
ŰϵĻ֣̿ӢߵЦݣһƣ˷ϡ

34

, 㡭Ӣʹݲ㣬Ҳݲң
գѾ첱Ӵ֡
Ÿ߸ϵӢҧÿ֨֨죬޲ȥԼܵƻȥ
Ӣȴһֱڰȵ, ûһۡ
Ӣ˦˦Լġ
ŰȾʧ, Ц
Цº͵ãûаɱȴð, Ծš
ֻֽϻǵԼأ
ٻҲǸɵ, ҪԼ, ԼصģΨаȣ
Ƚй, ֵ˷ơ
ⷬɱӺ磬ƾȵ˼ϸ壬ܿó
ƽ溦֮, ҹ˯, 𣿡
Ӣ˫ֵϸ˵š
һ⻰Ӣǿûе, ҵӣǲǣ
ȻһƿǰӢ˵̴ڵĽűߡ
ϣҵſģҪΪܿŮ۸
ץ̴ڵۺֹţɿ˰죬Ҳûеȵ̴ڵİӦ
ͷͼ̴߬۾İţûĿȥ
һ²ؼģ̴ڣӢվһһЦ
ôЯã
̴ڲԼϵķ̧ĨһϵᣬŤͷӢ۾ĸˡ
ӢտƾңͲⱨӦ𣿡
տƾⱨӦ
Ӣ̬ĸŷ˫ǰһķȥ
Ų䶨Ӣֱŷ˫ۡ
˵˵˭űȥסģ
ɫһף΢ͻδһ֣ӭӢһ䡣
˭ڳʮ̼˭ڽЩ߳Ž˱޵
Ӣӭ絶Ӱ񣬷ҵһ
˫ץŵ棬ǿͣȴ˸š
⣬Щ¡
Ӣס°̧ͣ
ŷʧı飬Ӣʼղϣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ȴ̼ϵˮʱ䣬ȥ˷ȫ־
µץԼϥǣնţֻӢԼĶߣ˾䣺˵˾ʱ򣬰ͷڵϣѪܵĿûаΣҹͲɻ𣿡
ӢתĻһΪء
Ҫ˵ˣ죬죡ƿǰӢµһ˱
ŷģӢֱӣ˾䣺һѹ㣬ǵˣҪǣȥˣҲнˡ
ŵķ͵ֹͣ˲̧ͷһǿңߵģԩң
ȰǽеúãԱЩ飬׮׮мѭģЩʱձ鲻׷ֻһֻ۱һֻۣΪ˻ҵӣһ˿ˡ
ӢȵƵ̴ڵִ̧ļͷ
߬һ٣Ӣǹ˽欵Цݡ
üһ䣬˵һ֪ˣҲͰˣҪˣڱҩǺ˻ϡ
Ӣ̴ָڵǣָ⻮
ƳԽĶӢЦΪ檰Щǿ
̴ڱòüͷţһ鴤
еջڣͷԵӢ
ûϺ鸣죬ﲻĶҩȻ檿ɸǺã
Ӣգָⴥϵĺ
̴ʹȴӲŲģӢֿ˻
ѵ֪¶ҪġЦţȴɨڵϵķ
ûȷӢϴ̴̵
˾ɡ
ӢתͷӭĿ⣬˫գգ۾
̴˵٣ſڱտڵľ˾
ôţԼϣ̣
һ˾֣׺
̴ֻڵĽűߣץۣߵϣϣ֪ˣ֪ˣֻùЩͷδϲҪȥ˾
Ϊͬԩ޳ȴñЩͷʲô
ʵԴӹ˹Ͼ׽ˣֻΪ׽Ұɡ
ӢƳһʼû˵İȣЦһǵǽ
䣬ӢӣֵĹ˹
ֻŷֱۣûн̵ãߴ·Ĵ
Ű滨ӣӢüë̴ϵĺ
ⷬ磬ǺԼԤϵһģһ
Ҫ˵װǻƣȫûܱȵùˡ
ͬã˽ֻ֪Ǳ֪飬Ƿ֪
ӢŰȣȴʼᡣ
Լ񣬶һˮ
˭崿޹ģ
õȥ磬һֱΪԼãõĲǣȻĲǡֻߵڵأ϶Ҫȥ˾ͬһͬȥɡ
׽˵ʲôһæȲڵصϣһһ˵׽õŮӣ׽ʲô֪һ˵Ĵ
ʱֻءһűƿ
ֻ캰صĹ̴ڵǰϣүΪϵ˵ɥսģҲүһȥˣڷҾʣһˣʲôϲɮ濴氡
ģӢüһ˵ģɱ˷˻𣬻ҲҪˡɣ
ֱӣӢһۣϻû˵ֵõ˵ģһضûС
㡭
˵ĶԣһضûСĬõ̴ڣ䲻һ仰ôļɫһ
˫ֽǰͣóѵЦš

̴֪˵ԼŤվӡ
°ڣǰһ̴̧һţݺݵϡ
ڰȺͷ£ﰧһſ˵ϡ
ӻһūŵԽӹ޵ĸǰûйأ̴̧ۣĿϣָſڴ˵ȥ
ӵĵϣǷҿǻϵĶˣ˷ĹΪһĺ˶ԴǣүͷĿ
ϲ
̴ڵ¹æ̫ñ˽
ϳȥʮ
ɴ۾ûӦ㱻ļ˳ŵ˳ȥ
һû˵̶꣬ϵİ㴫˴
϶ḻ́ڵأҲſ
ڣ̴һץסӢǿӲĽԼǰ
ˣӢ޵Ĺ˷ĻʺǶ˾³


35

˻˾, ڣӢ̴ڽš
Щ
ȹڵϵʹͷϵıûаֱ仯ȴһظ̴ڷŵĻ߬ŵӱšһ
Ųߡ, ʣµ, ȥ˾ɡ
̴Ұʧǵ̱˵ϡ
, Ƿңʣһ, Ͽ
Ӣ, üͷһ塣
ŵϺֹķֿ²ؼģİ, ɫ
ﲻǰȡ
, ҳ󲻿, ٴҲǻʼˣȥ˾Ƕǻϵ档
Ӣ˫̴ִڵļϣϸ˵š
̴̧ã˾䣺֮, 
õ̴ڵĬӢĹ˴ǡ
滹δͣµİƵߵ˷ǰ
һ£Ӣڵ˵ֻñЩͷǱͷÿԻΪʳΪúȥȥһĻ
̧ͷžžવϵȴͣǿһ仰˵
ȻϷǻǰջ˵ģȥ˾ɡ
ӢĵģİҧͣӲߵڵء
֪ˣƾﴦá
һԵİȿͷеӣһͬߵڵء
лˡ֮պöúý̵ʲô
û˵ء
Ű˳ӣӢüǣһ
٣֪أ⹬ûбͻϵ׼׼̤һý̵յڹúѧϰذɡ
һ䣬̴ߵԣūţÿʱڵԷʮƣֱѧΪֹ
˵̴꣬ڱסӢ֣תȥ
ſڵϣΪֹסĲš
Ȼ⿴ԺﻹŰƵĿһڷϡ
ķļĪ£㶨뷨Ӿȥġ
Ӻ͹·ϣӢץ֣ͣĸĲȴЩˤڵء
̴۵֣ͣԭء
ץ۳ˡ
̴ڵͷһת䡣
Ӣϸϸе˼ȴʲôû
ԼģĪǳ檴ƣڻ˸񣿡
̴ڻһԲɫѿĿԼӢ˦ƲһЦ
ǳϵǸǳһʱ嶯ʧ˷ִ磬ʡ
û˵̴꣬ڱ󲽳嵽ǰ
ŭһץ֣Ŀ
ãֻɳһ䣺ˡ
ϸ΢ĺܣӢɴ۾Ŀ̴ͣڵ˼
̴ֿ˿ԼĺףӢ˿һЦ
̧Цţ۽ǹ̴ڵʹˣϿҪúðο檲С
ץ̴šüͷ֪ʹ´ξūǶ֡
̴һװίģԹ˦֡
ȴӢĽ쵽ǰЦ绨
ǣ֪ˣʹúܣҪϴܺá
Ӣ⣬ǰȥ
šӢľ̴üͷ̧ס
΢΢˶꣬û̴ڴ磬ӢſƱһӺ
һָ⣬̴ڵĴģһץ̴ڵ⣬Լǰ
ɴľ룬ӢͷóһЦ
˵Ļɵ棿
Ӣż⣬Ķߣ
̴䡣
Լϵָ⣬̴޺ʱͬ˵ٻ
õ̴ڵĿ϶ӢŸأЦùˡ
̴ָڵ⴦ǻ۵Ŷ檼ǵôǰʹϣϲ
޻شܶΣϲ
ǻϲ𣿡
̴ڵ˫֣е˫һ
Ĭã۾Ӣ
ǰϲ𣿡
̴ڵʣӢ˫§ǰ벽Ļ
յţӢϸǳ檵ķ˵Ȼǻˡ
ˣķһ֮ޣ
ӢĻﷸֹ
§̴ڵӣļͷ˲䣬ǻôʳ檣ǲų檵ģϲٳ檵ѽ
һ䣬ӢоԭƽĺԽļ١
ţӢһת
ôˣ
ȻӢļͷ㶣תۼͱ̴˫ְס˼򣬾ĴĻƿ
̧ͷ̴Ŀ⣬Ӣ˫ɹϣϲ
ôãϿҪȥӢЦ
ȴ̴ϵûаɢӢ֣˾䣺ӢԼذɣ޻Ҫ
˵գӢĿŭһת˦䣬ͷҲصĴ뿪ˡ
Ӣվԭأ뿪ıӰŵһ
ֽлӢˣ
ö˶˵ģҲ֪ӵ
ӢšüͷתӺ͹ķȥ
Ȼһ̥ģƢô
è˷š
£ˮɫĴ멣ͷϥŵİëСè
ָè˳ëʹо۰
ү⹬è챻ˡ
һԵС˱һСɣͷιűߵһè
һسԵûʵСè͸ţЦ޼ҿɹģڣﵹҲ֡
ү⻰˵ģūۡС˴óһСɣݵУҪū˵үȥߣЩѾͲ͵ˡ
ιϥϵèбݱͼɻ䣬ܸɷ顣
ūţϵûôɻ¶үүÿζܶ
è﷢Ŀ֨֨ͷֵ壬˱ܣǳӵıֻ֣дԺڶĻλ˳졣
ūΪүеֵɽϣǡ
ް
˵ǣèڵϡ
һȾĺ̺ӣгһŽԼ˫֡
ˣɲˡ
̧ۣͷ֦ӣȷް𣿡
ĻС˵ͷӦǣūŷȥˣȻǱˣڻϺ͹ﶼû£ֻǹߵĹŮ˽ȥ
ãֳһ˿Цݡ
ˣˡ
δ԰¹Żķľ⣬żĲͷϵ亹
ĵתȦţɿ۵ʵʵģ˿
¹ε̾˿ſľŷСϣҪūȥȡӣ
ȦﾲĵģֻӶ϶Ľ⣬ʲôӦûС
¹һֹţҲ֪˵ʲôϴְԼؽȦ
ΪκûëȴϻΪδ԰Ĵˡ
Ҳû̴ڵ¹ץеķ۾һת
ǲȥǲȥĽ
أ
û˵꣬ȦҲ֪ʲôصľϣŵó¹һſ˵ϡ
ͷϵ̫ñĵһԡ

36

ūʲôû˵, ʲôû˵
¹æͣ˵ϵñӣ˶Ĵͷϡ
Ƕҳԣɲ˵
һԼԴҪסˡ
Ȧ̴ӲݶϣƳľǰöˤ˵, ı۾
ߵС鶯˶, ͷա
Ͳס˵С̴̧סͣ˫ۡ
, ֡
ֻСһ£, ɵĹԡ
, ɱūŶ죬Ÿ˾, ǿڲԣҲǲǡ
⣬¹̴ڵĶС
̴Ȧ, 䡣
о仰, ˵ްǴͷܴβͣиҹĳأ
¹ſŷϣһ߾ƨɣһ߲亹Ȱš
ֻ, ūʵڲ֪¶ū˵˵ūΪǰ
¹ŷƣ˵ţȻūŲƽ⣬ϲͽͽͣɱԼ
ֻءһ¹ֱŵһƨ˵ϡ
һַԼñӣһԼĿѣǰƿľţſվŵ̴ڡ
˭˵޺гģ
̴䲻һ仰¹ЦŴӵ
˦еķ̬Ĵյ̴ڵߣЦǣϺ罺ᣬһԶˣǾᳳܵġ
¹ԼĿѣྪδ˵һ
ǻǺˣ
̴ǰţǱ㳳˯
¹èС鲽̴ڵЦӯӯҪЪϢȦȵϹ޵ļӴѽ
̴ڽŲһͣŤͷų¹ļӴ㵹Ǳ
ӭ̴ɱڵĿ⣬¹ͣԼơ
ū˵ˣūŵ˼ǣǼӴǻϷԸūȥūſùõӾĴģȻµһĴ齡
̴ϵŭɢһ£¹ŵһ
¹̧ĥһ̽ǻϣǴĶȥ
سӡ
*
Ϧ˷Ľ
ͷݳݺɣһյ֦⣬Ҳѿ
йͬ˽յĹأ˽ߣ̤˵š
йͷĹţٴαصںãűϵ׼عȥ
վڣ㴫幬İͣ˽Ų
˵ﰡӻУ㵹ûƵġ
Ŵֲµµȹһ߶ڵϴϴһ߷
ʯǽеһӣպ׵˲ֱӡ
ĹƤڵϣƲ͵ҼӣңûƼĶ𣿡
ǲǲԸ踾һƽϣҧֵģǸӶ档
һĽĹˤ˵ϡ
һŲˮϣ˵˭Ƿ踾˵һԣҿ븮ˣЩͼˣЬ䡣
ſģˤеˮӣļ
ޣ÷ð̣һԲĹߣӣΧǽǣ㻹浱ԼʹǰһĿߺ˭֪ͷǻ·İƽ
ɲǣ˼Ұƽǹϵӣǵ̫ξˣ˼ҰƽѾ߶ǶǿͿģǵĸӺ˦ӣ
һƿ˵ǰĹҷڵƨһ̫ξҵѾͷôܺҼӱȣҼӱǿģֵõ˵ģ
Զйվʯǽ⣬һ֣һ䣬Ťͷ˹
ֻ˵ǣſҼǻûޣ˸ȨƵ๫Ժǵٻ붼ġ
ǣҿˣҲ˯žɣȻҲϦȥˡ
һԽΪݵĹͼӴ׵ҲúԼ⸱ģͰ͵ͣԸ繷ʺԸɡ
żĴЦǰסӣ첱Ӵֵƿǡ
ҿŰɣɻڴһ죬Ūǣ
˵˦䣬ȥ
й뿪ӰתĬĹȥ
Ųѽŵʯӣй½ͳһС
ָĸųϵ֣üо˼
еĻŻһƿţֵ˽
ôˣ
￴еĻߵһˤ˵ϡ
ⶼûУûˡ
صƬһƨڴϵ֪Щǳˡ
ԴּӷΪƽһ첻һ졣
ԭԼūţ񶼸ǰűˡ
֣ͲܲЩ𣿻ܵİ۲𣿡
üͷͷˤƬ
һ⻰ֱȼ˻磬ڵĳ˹
ûϢģΪ㲻ǲ˸³
˵Żִ˴ļŭš
˵ˣһʲô취ż򣬰ԹҪ֮ǰ͹ԣֵĹӣҲͲˡ
٣ǲʱձǸɵˣǰǽȥˣ
š£ɸֵԡ
йʲô£ҿⳳ˼ңҳͷšڣյ¶ֻûǲǵĶ֣ܱסԼֵҡ
˭˵Ƕǣǲǻ·𡣡
ŷһͷˮģתȲĴյĸǰС֮ǰ˵Ļ㶼˲ɣ
ҡͷ˵̫࣬ôǵļ£
ӣϽɫˣȨƵģΨһķ֮·
ⷬšüë˵ʲôȢظĸ֮ý֮ԣһкԡ
ʲôĸ֮㻹ָŻϸͻ鲻ɣھֻܿԼˡ
ͷ˵ȴֵĻʮе
ԼԼ֣˭ﲻ
˼ģס֣ü۵˵˵˭
ûС
ǻûģﵹһġ
̧ͷӭĿ⡣
ֻŲŲſĶ࣬СΣ

37

, Ҫҳ⣬ҾҪˡ
Ķڷڣš
һִģһܺ㲻ɣﱻӣȴǲĵŷţ˵, ȨƵľ, 㲻㻹˭
Ŷ䣬ǷҲ˵ǰ׽ĵ, ꣬Եҵˡ
ʲôõ, Ĳ֪˰, Ůˣ˭Сǣ
С檲, Ļݲݣ˵ǧΪǽơ
ʹƷ, , ܺùݰӰôôǽأ
ЩĻżĶ˳
Ҳܣ£, 뿪ɡ
ĻӦߵ˦֡
վ⣬üŪһ㲻ĵʯס
ͷһɽյķţСֹţǲ֪ô㲻ӣɱҰ
˫֣ԺתһȦüƳ۷š
ԸԸ⣬а취
*
ɫһùúСͽ޵ȼ
봺ˣ޵ﲻ̿ӣҹҲ˯ð
Ӣƽϣ˷ùÿ
ոùЩɡ
ϵӣһ봺ˣɤӲ϶ġ
ÿ˯ǰŲ᳤ϸ
Ӣţȴùÿ
£Ӣƿϵӣȥ
ֻùùؾصվڷǰſڵ˸ɫ
Ӣ˳Ŀڽյķϡ
ӡֽϵӰӣ̴ڣ˭
Ӣ˫ۣӡֽϣ̴ڵĲ˫ۻǰ
ǣԴϴƢӺ͹ĴžҲû
˵ˣԼóˡ
ȴúܣ̴Լһкķ
ԼԼҲȥѰ
ôܱﵽʲôʱ
Ȼ̴ıԼԤϵĻҪ硣
Ӣĵϣùżߵ࣬Сȥӭӭ
ӢƳǵһӰӣֱеһöӣ
žǶԼŽǣȥӭʲô
ӢһݵӣùεĽ
㵱ԼķʲôѰһ֮϶ˣҪһ̨²ŶԣǷ֮
ӢŷùõĻ̧Լķ١
ôȻ֪ù˵Ķԡ
ֻԼҲаѳӣ̴ڵӣȻˣͲߵġ
֨߹һƿӢ欵ĿڷŴŰ̴ڡ
ӢͷﱧŵĶƬ̣һЦ
ϱŵǿ棬Ǹ檵ģ
ӢḶ̴̌º
ӢǰһֱڻǿӣӢ
̧ۿ̴ڱŤɫӢһӣһ߽ͳӣϿ֪Ѱǲͱⶫģ氡밡Ż
Ӣе˼̴ת˿ӣֿ˿
ãűһ䣺㲻ϲ𡣡
Ӣһ޹ģӰѶһЦ
Ȼ֪Լϲʲô
Ӣһת̴ڽĵֻӵģǳ檿ɾҪˡ
쳤ֱۣſϣ˵üǡ
̴ֻһ㵹˫֣޵
檷Ż˵ҪùЩӡӢϷţתߣϬɡ
̴һۣϵĲһȥ
߲豭ûŻϣӢ÷ŲŲ
Ӣ̴ָ̧֣Ѿ΢ɼӣʱйԹϵӶõòء
ָһ̴˫͵ץԼϥǣ۾һԵĿյȥ
ɼǺþöûˡӢ˫̴ִڵļͷֱϣ̴ɣ֪
һ̴ɡϥϵĳӱ̴ץ岻
͵תͷӢ
ʲô
̴𾪵Ŀ⣬ӢЦĶ
̴ɵĶֺءӢһĶһŲӴյĶߵ̴Ժֻ׼ڳ檵ǰ䡣
̴ڷպͲӸӢóѵ¶ЦľѴ
а취̴εץ
žߴȵĴ̴ڵĺῩ⿩»š
Ӻ͹֮ǰѾȫ׼
ŬסԼܺ䣬
һԼģҲסˡ
̴ŤͷſԼѴˣǹġ
ô죬̴ɡϲ
۲٣̴ڵʹĽë˶ϲ˰ɡ
Ӣ˲䣬ʱգ¹Ӻ͹ĳˣͳԵģʹģ檿ɲ̴ָ֪һ¡
³ȥס
ӢһƾˣôſŶһ̴ڵϥϡ
һ̴⴦ƣһߵԭ̴˵檲ȥ
̴ڱָòȻ࣬ԸоԼĳ̴ڱ۾Ŭѹš
ΪΣ
ָ˳£Ӣó࣬檿ɲʱҧһ
֣̫ҽ㱸õҩݡ
ĳʳҲϲ檳Բġ
̴Сĺףͷ߲ĸֳһ˿Цݡ
Ƕ׺˽⣬Ǻʱȥ
ָͣ⴦
Ӣ۾һתĻӦҿĵչķ᲻̴֪Сҡ
ӭ̴ڵĿ⣬Ӣһ㶡
Ц
ⱲӺǵһμЦ̫߳ˡ
ζЦ
Ӣûع̴ڵͳŷɣԼպá
ҩݣɣ˴֮ԼĶ㲻ˡ
ϱӴԼʱ̴ڴ󹬼ɣл׹ݺسһȥ硣
״ƬƬĲԭʱ̵ģԡΧŻʱڡ
׷áˮáɽҲá
Ƕóԣϱ׵ǼԼûһٱ
һ뵽ҪȥǸطӢûʹ졣
ƲƲͣǲԸðɣ̴ɿɲó檶˶ӣ
̴ĺףӦš
ӢϥϣĪ
ŤŤӣһᣬŵһơ
һתĿ̴ϥǴĹϡ
Ϊŵڣ̴ԭƽ̹ĹѾϥϻһ룬¶۵һĨɫ
Ӣɴ˫ۣϥϵŵĶ
͵ر˫ۣٴ
ȴǶϵϥϡ
Ӣ͵شϥֱӣһÿ̴ڵĹӣ˫ץסϵϥϵһԶϥ
ⲻǶԻϥ𣿣
˼켸ҹ߲ݣĸ׼Ļϥ
ӢϥǰǰϸһȦ
ⶫΪʲôϣ

38

̴ƳһеĻϥ, Ĭһ˻
̴ĬĽϥϵϥϣӢƵҧҧ촽ٴδ˻ϥ
߬Ļϥԥһ£ǲԼı
ô˵Ķأ
Ӣͬš
񿴵Իϥ̴ϣ֪Լ͸ġ
ǰ, ϶, 촰˵
ӢǶԻϥ̴ڵɫһš
ΣӢֱ࣬㷽Ż̴ɡ
һʱ, һʱһϲҲһг檰, һֽӢ𡣡Ӣšüͷ, Ҫʲôʲôܻȥ˵Ķأ
һ, Ӣ̴ϥϵ˫֣սȭ
΢ţӦ˾䣺޵ģ
ôһ, Ӣһ, ϲڳǰΣǳǶԶ
ֻӢĻϥõ̴ڵǰϥڲ㣬ָͼ̴ڵϻʲôҪ˵𣿡
̴, Żϥڲŵһ֣üͷԽĽ
û֣氵
̴̧һۣץסǶԻϥ
ȴӢ߬ģ˺þãڴӢק˻ϥ
ּЩӣ̴ھǿһԻϥεϵԼϥϡ
ýӣϳӣ̴ڲֱͦ壬޵ģ
ӢԲѵģ촽
ǿԼȫѪ
Լϥ֮£ԼԽȣҲͬ硣
Ҫϥ檸ЩϺõӣΪһˣΪξͷҪأ
̴˫ץԼϥǣŹǶԻϥ
Ҫ
Ӣɴ˫ִֵۣģ
֪ΪΣԼǰӺϱӵơ
˵ò̬˵Ȼһصһ
ͨһ¡
Ӣ˻ͷæԾѹ
Ȼ˫ӣƽô࣬ҲƵʱ
Ǻʱʶģ
̴ڵӢɿ˽ҧŵ´üƽ
ϲ֪檺ʲôϵΪʲôҪϥֱʾˣʲô䰡
̴ڶϵĲ豭ͷ˿ڲˮ
ûô룬ԼҪ˵ġ
ӢƳһۣ赭дϽ̨罻ڸ檣Ϧǰ̨תƣԺߵķȥż
⿴̴ƽ͵ɫӢһָһ߼˵ţ檿ǻϵ׸磬Իϥ͸û뵽ǻϲˡ
˵޵Ĳǡ̴תͷ
̴ϵɢò࣬Ӣ˫̴ָڵֱϣյǰЦա
檶˵ˣ̴ɿԽԻϥ𣿡
ӢЦüģĻϥ̴ܱڶȥ
̴ݣֻĬãͻȻվӣ䲻ĵ˾䣺ܣ
ҹɣӢһ̴ȴƫƫԸ뿪Ҫ
Ӣڴ齵̴࣬ڡ
ץϵıӣԸ๰ȥ
ȴϣԼһ磬̴ھһ硣
һ̴ֱΧ˴ǣ·ˣӢץűӣݺһš
һţȴպ̴ڵϥϡ
ŴӽĴӢεķ˸ۡ
Ȼ޶ѻϥժˣ
Ӣͷҧǰıӣֹš
ʹɣб¾һļţ
һ뵽ԼѪһӢֲζ
ֻ۾һᣬק̴ϵıӣҴԼ¡
ĺһ٣ӢΪʶȤҪ뿪ȴһ˫ֱ۴ԼıƵǰͬϵıӣһ§Ļ
̴ǰӢԸͦǰš
ϴȴ̴ŵ˯ġ
Ӣһ󱳶ֵġ
̴𣿣
ƽʱԼһòͺˣȻҲ˵Ļ
ܵ˰̴һֿ䣬һָͷ
ֽ̧ӲӢͷͳ˯ɡ
ӢΪ̴Լ࣬һǳҹߡ
ȴĻĸ첲ƽ˯øȡ

Ժ䣬ͳӢĶС
˯۾㱼˲ŵֱۣһ
Һֵ𣿡
ϵĴϢӢúܡ
˯ŤŲ˯۰ŻδһƱס򦡣
ȵǣǿӲĴϡ
ʪѪȡ
ӢʱѾ͡
Ӣ޵֮ã̴ڵĸȥ磬Ҳûһ̫̫ɣʡȥԼ밲鷳
ڴϸ˸Ǵ˺ѵʹӢһüͷ
ߵױϸգŷԼ촽ףǴ˺ҧĺۼ
ֱĿ
ָСĸԼĴ꣬Ӣɴ˫ۣŬҹ﷢顣
Լ˯ļԼԼ̴˵Щʲô
ô䣬ҲǼǲˡ
Ӣָ˵촽ϵ˿ڣʹһ֡
ˡ
ùöϴˮŶ롣
һվױǰõӢֿ׵촽㶺ȤһЦ
ū澿ٹãū澾ҪСӿԱˡ
˷ùе˼ӢƵߵߣùñҴȤҺͻʲô鶼ûС
ӢԸģùûЦ˵ʲô¶ûУܳӣСˣ֪ˡ
ùñ˵Ӣ÷ϣǵʹԸ⿪ڣȴ̲סĵ˾䣬ùûȥȡһЩҩɣĵģ֪
ùЦųüת̤޵
ӢױеԼԽĲá
ϥû˵ֳӡ
̴粻ʲô˵׽͸
űҧú׵촽Ӣߵϵۺӡ
˰ҹôһ㶼һ
治֪ʲô
*
յƫﴫ֮˾ġ
ֳڸＸǸݣǴҲֲ֡
ƫϽ̴ɫ󳨵Ŀ̫ʦϣһƷŲ裬һŴϵķϡ
컵Ĵڣɫ˿ס˫ۡ
˫۱ϵ䣬ŵһµģŲ˵顣
˫ۣȵĽ壬Լǰͣš
ǿŵеĲ豭
𣬲гô
Ļһδл˳
Žҧ´𣬰ߵߡ
Σϵʪ⣬Ц
һеΣһְסļ
ûӿˣɾͲܻعˡ
Ŷϵҧ´ļҪŲĿ顣
Ѵʪ˫ϵĺ첼
ڴϣͷʱ⴫˵
ү
һץȣһĵʲôˣ
ǣƽߵ

39

 ˵, Ӻ£
ʱѴڴϣŶȿŹڵϵ
ùأȴһֱš
ȻΪˮ֣֮˽ﱳŷͬ
ֳ꣬òĹŮƭ, ԴЩˮ
һδ˵ģ, ƮɢŨζ֪Լǰ﷢ʲô
ĿɨһȦ, ҲûϰŮ˭
ӿ˫۾ǲҪǰɡ
æͷ, Ĵҿ
, ūŵġ
ͷ۾һת, гһŷ⣬ŵݵ˰ǰ
ƳеţߵĴüһ, °ͽ˹
˦ŷ, Ƴ۵ϵת۽Ŀֽϡ
ƶֻԭϣֳЦݡ
ԸЦ˼ױдģ
Ȼ, ūҼٴ˼ءＷüŪ۵ĵͷЦţ˵ţӢˣһֱչССɬڱūŴ鰡
̧͵͵ƳϾּһЦ
ģСּģµֶˣȻһģһġ
ֻеϣͷһߴЦһԼĺӡ
û뵽ӱδϣٻܻСѾͷܺãܺð
⣬֪ԼļƲ߳ɹһ롣
ǰ˼ڰĽűС˼ǣūҲøػ
ֿеţ̫ʦϡ
˵ģǾΪ̧ԼĴüδȥཿӲɶˣ
õͬ⣬ڵֵǿ˻ڵߵ£ż˳ƫ
һգеţڱǼš
۶̰
۾һתߵľǰһֱյĹš
һ汻˫֣ŵ̱Ļ
˫ۿϵƬƬΣⱧԲϡ
һʵϵ̴ɫһ߳ţȥŪЩϺõĲƷʲô¹Ѫ˲Σӣͨͨϣ
ֱƻŴ
ͣ˫ȣ֧Ų·ÿһ˺һʹֻܷǽСŲš
ӣڸУѰġ
Ⱦã˰ۡ
־ΪÿζԼΪɣȡȴʼҲûһ档
ͣǿڣŬϵʹһͷŷ֣öŵĳˡ
ϸһȦǵˡ
ԼӣǵԹۣ㰲ĴӺ»ص˸ۡ
ûߵƫƼİСӭ˹
üͷţ֪ԼһǱ㱰΢Ķ˽
ƼйʱȶվˣүǱδϰСϷʵ˵š
ҲյĹ˵ãڹ˽ģүĴϣǽеĸ¥ĹƵġ
Ҫ˵үйǸӶ˶ˣүԴΪͷŮ˽
ǾûǸȻҲǸյһΣʲôꡣ
ֱŽƫӽ˳
ʹͷʲô鶼ûУȴƺ̶
ʱƫﴫ˼˵˵
Ůˣʵ
үˣūſй̱ڵˣýعġ
С˵Ļҡͷֵأһӷйõòġ
С˺Ͱһ£СūǻΪүйҪսۡġ
ӿŮ˲ҪŮˣǲЩ⣬ź˵ļ⡣
һĻ˲ԳֵĿڸ
̧ۿӣЦָǵûϢӣ´ȥźźǣúˬһˬ
ллүллү
⣬ʹͷһȥ
ճȭ˫֣۵Ѫһε͸š
Ĳϣ¶ݵЦݡ
*
Ӻ͹Ӣùõˮװ̳þµĻ̳ڣϵ˸СɵĽӡ
̳ѰӢָ⻮̳ڣڡ
̳ˮȥȻϲ
ŹùˮʱӢ˸֧Ͼȥ顣
Խ֪Խá
ӢŸſС̽Դһ˫۾ԲĴԼ
ȥĶūһȥ
Ӣྪδ˵ĴָһСš
Щͼˣ
Сͣͷָ߬ӣǻöһʲôأūȥɡ
Сһ̰ģӢֱͦ壬СҼңһ쵽ǳԳԳԣģԺ޵ʱ򡣡Ӣе˵ţȱҪһ仨ûͲҪˡ
ӲҪū澿Ҳѽ
СվԭغţӢ뿪Ӻ͹
ֱתڣСȻֹͣס¡
۾һתýݵż͵͵Ӣ
ٽ̨ߣһķϵĳ
᾵ļɽ󣬰ʯͷϣ룬еСľˡ
ɱݾ
Ӣ㴦ʤҡ
һ룬Сľ˵ӡá
㹴ϡ
һ룬˲
Ӣ㲻ú
һ룬Сľ˵Ŀڴڰȵָתѹţֱľͷ˵ɿ֡
һԵ׹ƼƵָ⣬Ѫ߰ߣæڳһס˿ڡ
ݶǸŮҲԼ
Ⱥ۾ץеľͷˡ
ֹǺݶҪҪȥӰȵĿмһһ䶼Ƕ
׹˵ָһȦϾЩǻع˵ɣȻķϣҲֹܷǽж
ȷߺ޵Ľеľͷˤڵϣýŵ£ֱľͷ˵֫ɷ룬еŭ˼滺
ͷһȻڵǰԶĹİɣû˵Ӵ߶ܡ
䣬Ųʯӵأ
Ⱥ׹һ£ٵļ˵ϲεľͷˣȻδ
͸ǰ˫ۣŴǰ߹Ůӡ
Ӣ
Ȼ
ɨеּȥķĹȵüͷһ׹˳
Ůô⣿
׹ɻ󣬰һ󣬻˫ǰ
ŽӢһʧԼǰӰ㷽Ҳ˵ˣ˴ķϣķʲôûС
ȵͷеľͷˣһľͷ˵ͷ­ڵأ̳
ϣҪӢĺӵͷˣ
׹ŰȺ۾ķȥżס֡
Ҫȥʲô
תͷ׹յЦȥ׽-鰡
ǰĵطˣȥʡ
ֻ˦󣬴ǰӢȥãкȥã͵ֲǱ
Ⱥ׹뿪һֱڰС¶İԴ
ӣǼ⣬ʧԭء
лҪ˵ʱڣСɰһҪÿ֣ǧ򲻿ɴĴң
ϴ֣ȥ˶ܼĵطȫҪ
լڼ࿴׷ɡ

40

Ӣ, ġ
̨˶ӣǳǷǡ
۵ƫȴ·㲻ߣһһȳۻԼƽ޹ʵĶ˷˰Ĺ
ڷſڣľʵĵŴ, ӢСĴһȦ, ż
ֻŻûأһ̧ۣ㿴, ڵԺ
վſڵҲһ㶡
Ӣȴ, ϳ, ʲô˵Ķ
ֻһڸˮϣҲûȥϸϸĥ

º͵, Ӣ²ߵǰ
ȴ˫ֿΣ
ľٶɫһ, Щ֪ջǰ벽Ľ, ؾصվǰ
Ӣε΢΢ͷҲӦ
֮ôԶӢֲζ
ϱԼڷΪ飬Ц֪Ļ, 㷺ˮ
еӣӢ±ӣЦա
Цţת£ӷԵʯϡ
߷ùˮúȵģոұùùöЩ
Ӣһ˵ţһߴ̳Ҩһ͸
˵Իӣ˫ִϻɿʮָţϥϡ
ﻹǵҵˣˡЦţллǹңֻǡ
û˵꣬Ӣˮߵǰ
ӢЦգֻоµĴݵԼǰЦͳһڰɡ
㣬ͷҶɳɳ죬Ӱڵϣ߲߰
̵ǳЦţִĴָϵָ
Ӣ̫õӣֱû˿ٳٲӹеĴ룬һ˫ֱڿֱ
ûоٶӢĵǰһ
ӣǰ
ǷЩèŶСȴЦˡ
ӢŴ룬ݵǰͺһ϶ϲġ
ʲô
ͻȻֻſڵһӢ˫һеˮϥϡ
Ӣתͷվſڵİȣһ
Լ棬Ƽ˶ḡһοһֱԼİȡ
ӢеĴϣʹͷޱ顣
ϱԼںﱻӣȥĶûԼȻķҲ⡣
ԼѾǹж˵жд̣ߴһͻᱻԨٲ
ˣðץԼصİѱ
ǺͿǻϵŮˣôܺ˲岻ӣ˾Ұţοοǻϵ׸磿
Ӣ˫ֽһƽĵ׵Ĳתӿȡ
ΪλڴˣӢü΢΢ٱ
ӣ۾ͭ
ۿֲŵӢ˵ʲôǵĽ㣬ĽûԼ˱ѻϵ鰡
ֻȽ˽һץסӢ
ҹǣǺ󹬴ɣ㻹Լȥǰ̹װɡ˵գȱקš
ǰˣһֱԱû˵ͻȻڡ
ǣң
Ťͷɨɫƽ
Ӧǻļϵˣ֪ʷ͹ݵ飿
̧ͷһģİȣڵСȣ𣿡
СȣӢɫһ䡣
ͷϵ飬
СȣϤˡ
ϱӣ̴ڻȵһ
ɵӢĿзϵ˫ϣĵЩֵͷһ˲䣬ɢˡ
עԴǣ͹ͬӺĶǻϵģɲץӢ󣬼ţͬϣܶԵأ
ֻءһڵһֱյķűƿ
еĹϣ˵˭
УӢԭء
ӲһתͷŴڵﻺ̴̤ڣ𾪵촽΢
̴Ϊʲôڵ
ѲɣԼʱѾˣ
Ƿ£Լ˵Ļ˵Ļȫˣ
̴ڣԭ⣬ΪץסŮѱİȣɫҲһӲҰ
Ӳɿ˽ӢЩŵ΢ſ˫ֽһ
̴ڵ˫֣ȵĳԼӢ²Ծʯϡ
Ӣ˫ֽŵץűֵʯӣ̧ӭ̴Ŀ⡣
ЩӢЩš
ûüڽǣ̴ڱͣǰ
Ь̴֣ڲݿܵѹӢ
̴̧ڣҧס촽ȴһбš
ŵĺ󱳿Ҫ̱ʯʱ̴֣סϸ
ðˮôô
̴ڵĻӢĻʮָץʯ
̴ǣΪԼΧ
ƶĿ⣬Ӣ˳Ľë΢£ڵʣϣ檡
û˵꣬ƱһץǵӢһս̴̱ڵı
ʲôϣ
̴ĿѹȣƵӢ˫ֵǰ
΢ţӢ̴֪ˣͷϡ
˫ץļͷӢ۲תͣۺߵĽ̴ɡ
һ䣬Ӣ㱻ֱӣ˽̴ڵĻ
Ӣһֱʹͷ˼Щѵ
Ը⣬Ͳ˵ǰ̴ͬװ֪࣬Լ̴λá
ΨԸǰˡ
Ӣһ뵽ϱӻɢǰԼãǵĿ⣬ĵ˵ζ
Ϊĵ˿Ī㺣Ӣʧ˿ûв̴ϵ
ͻȻһӢһУ󲻵ò̴ڵĻ
ͷ˪̴ڣȴڱ𴦣Լ
䴦֣ȴһֱûɿ
̴ںͽӢǱ߶ģһԵİȽץԼڣĵĵͷ
ӢŮʲôɸ֮£ԼǧҲû뵽ϾȻҲ
ŬѹסĲʺͲ죬ץָ̧ͷ¶Цݡ
ǳһʱżˣҲ˳ҲͷˡֻЦţӢϥˣⲻǡ
Ű񾲴ģӢһ
̧ͷƳһ̴ڵı飬СӦöԱ治٣ֻǱϣ´ˡ
ӢĻüͷһ񾲵Ľ̻塣һȦеˣһ檾˶ʱͶ磬һˣĳ棬ϸϸһѵڣȺƣΣ
Ӣ̴ڻ䶯ɣ۾ȴ޾еúܣ͵͵ķ˸ۡ
⻰ﻰģûָվͽ˳ȥ
÷ĹʵأԼǸˡ
Ӣ߸ƲͣϾʹ̴
²䣬ذɡ̴ڽ§Ӣϸ޽ղȾƣֻȹˮ

41

, ʯǰӢеĳף̳Ҩ˰ˮ
һ뵽Űȱ̴ںߵĻ棬ˬúܡ
˳˵ǧñһʱָ˼ɡ
ˣԼȻܸ, εĳ, ָǺã
ӢŰˮ˿Լ̴ڣԼҲ
ûԼˮ˭ǰʱ, һԵ̴ڱһе룬ͷ˹˵ĺ
롰žһʯ, Ӣһ
е, ӢµС̽ϣɻϲ
ȴ̴͵Ťͷ, ۵ɭ
Ӣһ˹æ¿ڵ̴, ɻϲ
̴ӽü, Ŀ΢ŵĴϡ
ãֻžһǰ룬Ӣǰ
ǰյĴ룬Ӣ˿, ˳Ҩһ룬Ƶǰ
ȥ룬Ӣף˿ٴοյ룬ֿ˿̳޼ˮĵĽһߡ
ˮԼ׼ģɵãһûϣǿ챻̴ں˸⡣
ž׳ٳٲֵӢ̴ץס̳ѿڡ
Ӣ̳ѣͷȾˮһζû£ƵĽеʯϡ
ͬʱһģ̳ϵ
һԵӺŵϣ˫ֽŴϥϡ
ǰˣЦˮԺϼϲҲҪźá
̴ֻ̧֣ߵˮգٰʯϡ
ĿӢϡ
ޣϲ
̴һ仰ӢתͷӭĿ⡣
̴ںôҲദʮ꣬ôû֣󣿣
Ҫ˵˿ͬԼƢ֮С
ͷһӢüͷתͷ̴ֿڡ
⻹ͷһͬʱԼǰһģһָоĺܡ
ע⵽ӢľٶüǳЦҲûͻһ˵ˣһڡֻͻȻòż˵ţȥɽ֮ǰ¶ˡ
ɽ
ӢϸϸĻĵɻء
ɽط֪ģϱԪ˷Լġ
˵Ǹɽɽ涼ҰͻһҰޣԲûɽ͸Լ
Լ˷̴ڴδȥɽضԼûǰ顣
ţӢͻȻϴΰ̴ҩʱ䷢ֵǴ˰̡
̴˵ǱҧģĪǣɽ
Ӣתͷ̴ڣȴ̴ڳûпԼ
ϲҪȢ˼ˣͲҪüΪ㵣ˡüЦţתͷӢϴСԺͷˡ
С
Ӣŵ´̴ڡ
ϱģĿ͸̴ڣǼٵĲɣ
ĵ׵ɻѾҳһţӢͷʹ
ƲƲͣԲȥ
ֻҪ̴ܻΪء
ͷԵıӣԼҲзѱ
Ӣ˼ϵָͬʱҺͻϣкθоЦ̴ֱڵףֵܷ𣿡
̴̧Ӣ
̴ܵĿɭӢ붼û룬һס̴ڵĸ첲ļͷ
Ȼֵ塣ӢЦ̴ָڵĶ檵̴ɣʱɰˡ
ϵĽЦ̴ɤӣ
̧ףŻֵ徻ˣ޴뿪ˡ
ʼǳЦţͷӦذɣҪ£Ϻ͹ǲҪĺã˷顣
Ӣ̴ץŸ첲ţȴĻعͷ
⻰ǶŻ˵ģȴ˵Լġ
£¶ӰӢĲζ
ϱӺദǶʱգٲԼҲδ˵ҪĴ˷
ԼʲôȻΪλ䣿
ϱӵûаֵơ
ӢԼĵ׺ҵ˼̴ֱ˦֣ŷӦ
һ̧ͷȴ̴ĵԼ
֪Ӣӣǰץס̴ڵ½ǡ
ϣ֪ˡ
̴ڵĶС
Ӣۣܵûаɫ˦֡
޾֪Ӣˮ
̴ڻеŭӢֿǰһ˫ֹס̴ڵ֡
ָģӢ̧Ŀ⡣
ǰȣԺÿձšӢ۾һתֺõԺ̴ֻһ˺ȡ
ӢֺãڲԵӣ̴ǰֳ˷ڷУ̴ԣˮߺģ
һ뵽ˣ̴ڵɫԽѿ
üͷٴ˦Ӣ֡
ĵ׵ĶѹҪ͸ãŽӲļһ䣺ޣϡ
˵գ̴һ˦䣬ת뿪Ӣߡ
ӢվԭأͷԼտյ˫֣ͻȻҲһ顣
̴֮ǰǺԼƢҲûԴԼ
Щˡ
ϣʯǸ̳ѣ˼
үūȥϴȥ
תСбŵĿˮǴϡ
ãڵأҸû˵ĵطˡ
һ䣬óһŷӡ
ͷǰǰСĲɾԼһ˫֡
۵һƬ
*
ҹڶѲ꣬žĺֻõҹèӵ
Ŷһ̤˷ĵеӵĻͷ
֣ȷ׽Լڴ˴𣿡
ֻŹƣü۵Ĵš
ɻüֻƭ㲻ɣСͿȥɡ
ƶ飬Ĳ
ߣ㴫ҪºС˵Ҿš
Ц˳˷ϸں˷ţ졣
֮ǰ׽ͬԼ˵ĻʱҲֱܿôˣ
һͷˮƳͣתһȦ
ķ̫ãǻҳ֩˷
׽Сôᰲ棿
׽㣬׽ѽ
űӣüͷǿ˵ǰ֩
߽ңһ˫ĸ첲סȵĺĲ
ͻһʱģ˺
ֱϽ˲ȱĴϣһȭߣһ߳ɤӺſң֪˭˸ӣͽӣ֣־Ұ
ôڣѲ˵
谵ķϸǻûУԼ˭ֻצϵˣ˻š
о˵˺ҧԼ½ٿԭԼϵЩȹһıڵϡ
˿Ƶ̧һ˵Ҫϡ
Ż谵ƺߵһ֪ԼȻŭ
ֻͣеĶץ˫ְͷ
ͳֿĶϡ
ôڶܹ𣿡
Ϥ÷һ㿴˵ĳҲѾĸԼǰ
ݣף壿

42

ô˵, Ųдģ
֧ȣĴڴ齱ߡ
һǷ⴫ţһۣڻ谵нڴǴķ
ץű˺ǰֹҡͷ
, Ĳҡ
ŷ޵Ĵ, Ŵüһ뵽ʱģбһ
Ǽ澹ǽ, ΪԼӲǰ̣Ͱעˡ
û뵽, ԼȻһ澵Ȧף
̧ԼĴü, ϷһЦеǷţ˵ϡ
ӲȱŮ, ϲǿһףû˼
ûסԼ, ޵ĸˡ
ϾһδŮ, 裬ȻǺµľ޴롣
ο˺Լȹˣ
Ŀİ鷳úܣԭΪԼδ, ٻܻСѾͷ
֮ǰΪ۷磬¹Ѫ
ȴϾǽ⡣
ʲôޣܽ𣿡
׺ݵ÷µıսͣȻֹ
Ųӣͣͣҡͷ
֧֧˾䣺ܡ
谵Ĵ齼䣬ŴŴСӰСѾͷֹסĲʹ˷Ӧ
ⱲŮˮ֮ϣƫϸˣãźˡ
ëûСѾͷǲϡġ
Ż谵зԲļͷ°ͣ˫ۡ
͵Ѽӣзߵĵ
ֶ⹬úãˣҪпɽġ
ŷɪɪӣ𣿡
ɫһҡͷૣûûС
𣿡
ŰĻЩԼܹİۣ飬ڽӢǰı΢
ʮָץϸ΢롣
õ϶Ļش𣬰¶˵óѵɫ
ס˷°ֱͣԼ
ҪһУݡλƸ˵׾١գֻҪĸԸ̷ӣЩͶġ
𾪵ĵɴ۾°ͱۣȴһ仰˵
谵УͣĶţһƬ
̷
壬ԼŮˣ
㣵³֮£ͬ⣿
˷֮϶Ȩ
ܾԼ˷кӹ
ٳٲĵͻȤ
ֿǰһ磬ڷĶϹƻζܰɣίģڶС׷֦Ҷ˾ù𡣡
ŷ۵׵Ĳ˼ϸһЦ
ŷ°ָͣĦ´
˵ˣҲϲǿȣ͸һߵĻᡣ
Ŷ֮۵
ߵĻᣬݺкξܾȨ
ڣĵһֱһңˡ
Ĭá
һ仰û˵ֱֻһֱŵӣ˰ࡣ
ŷЭľٶҲȼ˻硣
һëѾͷԼĶ֣
˦Լ⣬Ȼץס˷֡
һ㣬ĳ˷ڵӵ˴¡
ɨǰľϲҧסĶ
ҵĹԺӣ
⣬ſſϣϸϸĶ
ͻȻֻһļУŵһ
ֻ洩صݵĴϢſ֨֨ζＤ
ϣˣˣ
ϸﴲҡεһҹֱͷˣһйƵŭͣⳡࡣ
ϰҹﻹ²͵ŷĽȴû뵽ôá
˯ʱ֨ѽһķűƿ
˯ۣڵϣͷվſڵİ
ֻ볨ſ˿ңȻ˫۲Ѫ˿ȴˬ
̧͵͵Űͷӡʹ۵ץۣĴӵ
ҵүҹɻⰡ
Ƴһһ滺ŲһɢǲһȻɬʤڽ£á
ŰģĻŭŵߵԣСֹţү⣬ǿū澵ĸ
ﴧ˫֣۾թһתļʣǲ֪үʱƸսۡ
Ƹ˫ۣԼ°ͣҲ˵£ҹ㰲ŵĺܺãͣ
һ֣͡Ｄż°ơ
ָֻ
ڴһߵ࣬Ű΢΢׵üﲻס¶Ц
͡һèӣ͵˫ۡ
ͣӲĵͷ
ֻһѵӴ̽ԼСڰ
Ѫ˳ŵðţ͸ȹڵ档
Ⱳӣ޵ľƣ
ŵݺݵСҽš
һ䣬γ˴︹еĶ̵ֹסѪʻȪ۰
ﻹδü˵ϰ仰㵹˵ϣҲûϢ
ƳŵѪֹͽֲȥ̵ϵѪҺִ̽ԵĺС
ϣѪû֪
һҹĻͿ޺ἣ۽ǡ
类˳ȥ˽̱ſڴҲᣬҲһ仰
ߵ齱ߣ˫ɨϰ߰ߺӡľϵɼ죬֪һҹǶôķ
̧ס˷ļѪҺ˲մľѡ
𣿡
Ķ˶ǣȴֺѱƣ
ֻҡҡͷ
ŷ̱ӣļ򣬵ǵһΣԺϰ߾ͺˡ
ϰ߶֣ͣúܡ
ȴֻĵ˵ͷ
һҪȥ糯ָ˾Լȥϱ˺ȹס˷ӣҧһա
ж壬˷ؿڣƬ÷ֹסĴ˸
ԹԵ㡣
˵գת¿㣬ָƽӢ˲̤˷š
ϣӣƲסһᣬֱϡ
*
ܿ죬Ϣ㴫˹ǡ
ЩֶΣ׾ٵĽﱻƻľˮ
ŮҽֿĿϵĵڣҲȫտڲᣬȫ֪¡
ԭūѰ飬ƽҡƲˣһǺ˺ܶ˵⡣
ΨһΪģҲֻз
ҹĺԺ
һطĹڻǰѴѵֽǮ
֣ůˣЩǮȥЩȹٴˡ
ţ̧Ĩϵᡣ
Ȩ죬ԭûΪˡԵĽԪ֣Թ㣬ֶ֪ΪҿǣԹ㡣
˵˵ţֲӿš
̱ţſڵϺ
нֹ˽ԹֽƽĹǰѧ𣿡
ͻһͷ֮й
ҵĨ˰ᣬйǰʮ꣬Ҳߵôֽ˶ûУйЩԪɡ
йü۱ĿŹűߵķĻ⣬йĿöϡ
΢΢˫ۣϸϸϵ·ǰ˫յġ
˻֪ˡ
ǰĶ
йݵĽ˫ۣȫʱС˺ͰĶԻ
ıˡ
ƭòң
ٴ̧Ŀڷʱɱڡ


43

ֻйתڽ, ŷ棬˵ϵĻѡ
δĽԪ˲Ż磬ɢܡ
еͣйŷҵӣָֻյĹ顣
ؾǹأִΥ, ū澾ֻðˡ
йɫƽ, ĹŮС˹һ
˿йɫѹסڵϵķ
йĴ򿪲, ŵ룬¹¸Ĵۡ
ָһö, йĸ, һֵķ
ūǰذ£ˡ
˵, йץָһ봩͸ʳָ
ֻһ̶ļص, þòɢȥ
*
ܿ, ˷˺ͷ£գ
ůԼģ֮С
Ѿװ˴֮ԸԼΪͷ, һΣӢȴ֪ʵΪ˹׵ġ
ȥصĶװӢһӺɫȹǦɫӻСɵľϣ׺µķҡ
ƶױŨңʱڣӢƫŵױ
ü۾뵡ȴ£ĺױĻ֮
վȺ֮УѳΪ֮㡣
ū澾ãյױݣϴεľױ˳ۡԵķù´װ磬ĵͷ
ӢЦţֵ̧˵üĴĶɫӻ䡣
ùÿɱСҽյױӢֱۣùõбţСĻ
һԵСӢŲ͵͵Ĵһ֡
ûͱӢŶ˳
СҼңһ֪͵ԣҲʲôϣ
ӢѵСͰ͵Ŀһۣ²
ӣū澶ӽˡ
ӢɸֵҡҡͷСţһûʱٳԡ
ѵСＧԼ˹
Ｇˣԭǲĳġ
ֻＧһɫٵȹiȣԼǰϥ
檸밲
Ｇÿɡ
Ӣ˫ۣ
̨ＧԼ͵͵ţܱܲȫԼδ֪
֮ǰǱؼ
ⱲӣＧǰԼܶࡣ
Ｇô˴ܻص磬Ǻܿİɡ
ＧЦü۲õĳͷǣʱԭĺʱ򣬹㶨ϲġ
ӢЦףĴһȦڵôã
ＧеȣָԶǸ۾µ
˵ﻻ˷纮÷磬һЪϢˡ
ŰڵӢֱۣǳЦš
Ȼ϶ԼϹϾĵȴ¶š
ǼһеĴ
ǰԼȣֱ֮
ежߣͬԼ
ʹСֶΣǿϣ
ӢҪʱֻԶŵ͵Ķԭתãһܼªֲ۵
˵ԿڣϲŽƽĽաＧ棬ӢСֹš
ӢһԤϵ鲻ˣȴû뵽Ϊ˵
ֻη˶Щһˡ
ԭǰҡĿ˵ȴӰֻŴҲص·ҲŲӵͷ±˷
ӢΪͰȹһȴϷƿ˰ȵ棬˸۵ġ
һ㶼
ͷԹѽ⣬ذؼԼҲ鷳
׹һְŰȣһַĲӡ
ƽôϺˣ
ϣ۾Ƕ棬ˣǵؼյʱ򡣡
԰Ȼ֪ӦллôǶһ
ϸϸ׹ĻȻ˫ۡ
Ǿʲô¡Ĵ˸УˣûǸӡ
⣬Ӣһ̴ڳæǰȥ
̴ֻƳһۣδͣ½ŲӢЦݣǰ
檸밲Ӣۣˣó檺õȰ
̴ڵ˫֣Ŀǰһ仰˵
ǰһӢ֪û
̽ס̴ڵڣӢȥ·;ңԶΣҪŻϵļС
档
̴ڵĻһ£ӢԱͣĵסġ
ҲȲ̴ѽ
ӢָﻭȦ̴ڶ࣬ȻԼʲôҪ󶼻һڴӦ
ڣɫģϢ䣬Լһۡ
δӢ˵һ䣬̴֡
ʱˣӢɡ
˵գӢĳͷǼȥ
ͷûһ¡
̴󣬳¹èߵǰ
ֻ¹ͷСĿȷ̴û⵽СĿڡ
ϣﰡʲôûô
ӢšָвʵǱĲԣɱҲû뵽ϵô󰡡
ֹԴ󰡡¹֪˵ЩĻͷ̴ֿڵŲӢ˵ţԴջԺֱҹ϶û޹޹
ӢüһѰ˼ţСʵȥδ԰ˣ
¹ʹĵͷһ޿κΡ
Īӵã
ϣҵĺͲҪٺūſЦˣ˭бƻȥδ԰˯ı°
ϲ
̴ڵһŭ𣬴Ӣͳ¹˽
¹ӢüŪһص̴ڵ
ӢʮָۣתصԼ
ʻɽͣЪһ羰Ϊµط
¹Ƥˮèӽ̴ڵ
ĥ̴ڵ飬Сڵ￴εĲᣬϲȥƣ
̴ֻеһ٣䡣
̴Ĭ¹СūţＸ緹¸ɾˣúܰ
̴ڽвһľ࣬޵ǰ˵ٻǰɡ
ֱ̧ų¹ãգû緹
̴䲻һ䣬¹ЦŴԼһӡ
ū˵ˣ˵ˡ¹Цüģˮݸ̴ڣūž֪ϼͷϣﻹǹġ
̴ں˿ˮǣ֪ĵ١
ϿɲҪūŶ죬﷽ŶԻǰֺٰãʲôء
̴Ƥˮ¹Ļ
Ĭãһ䣺飡
ӢͲĵģ
ⳳֵúܣ̴ȴֻõĵŻ
Ȼϸ΢ȴһĳʹ
緹һڶû͵͵С׼÷Ҷûԡ
̴ڷĽһԣ˫۱á
ȥЩȥţּһ䣬˵޸ģ
̴ķҵı۾ҪԼҵ˼
һ۾ڷӢ̴˽űߵĻ棬ƵƵǰ
ǣЦ˭

ˮ
¹ƨɣ׼ȥȡӵʱ̴͵˫ۡ
׼ȥ̴˫ֽץԼĸ첲Ｗһ䣬һöҪ

44

߱ǵ, ӥӢžԼ˹
һ·ĵᱳʹԴγġ
ҿûԶȻƾԼŻ·Ƕӡ
һ뵽ûԵ÷, Ӣ¿ˮ
ù, öӽ
ùøϽ⿪еĴӣһöɫ, Ӣ
Ӣҧӣģ, ùЦü
Ҫū澿, ͻϻСӣϱý, ﰡȴǻǣš
Ӣҧ˿ӣų¹ùӵʱǿǻϸġ
ѽ, ѽ, ū澺ͳ¹֮š
ӢһҧӣһƳŷùϷģ﷢
ܣ˵˶ü, Ҳ֪Ƶġ
¹һһӵ⣬ǸϺȻѹùöˣ
Ӣ֪ӣù֣СװŹ㰡ͱٵŻˡùָӢıǼ⣬һܹݣøһˡ
ӢбŹùãƲһ͡
ùòĸˣȻԼ˼
ˣùòҲǰͬʾõģãһӶҡ
ùóӢͷĳǽҪʺˣʹС֮ദ֮Ķ࣬ؼһʲô
ӢϸϸŹùõĻĥš
ϱ̴˵ʮķޣȲ˵ദ֮ദ֮١
Ŷʱ࣬ʶĸһֱǳ谮мӣΪĸһɶҪ
ĸ˵ʱͬͬʿ๲ѣǸʾŻĸһˡ
Ӣ°ͣƶվǸ󣬶벻ЯֹȰɡ
ȴùҡҡͷȰԣؼģҪ㣬ֻ㡣Ӣ˼ӣùü˵ţū澿óϴˡ
ӢĬùСʵǹأ޵˷ôˣڶԻϿɶģ
Ӣüһԭһ죬֪ΪαÿĿİͰ͡
һԼͷǰ鷢ҵķһҪˣͬྴٰüġ
ùҡͷЦ֪ūʵĲǹϲ𣿡
Ӣ΢΢ףָԾĳԼϵ˿ߡ
ϲϲ̴
˵ϱӣȻǲϲģΪ̴˸ӡ
ⱲӵĻ
Ӣϸϸ̴ദһĻĻɽȪеĳһֱڡ
ɷϣⱲ̴ڵĹϵˣҲ˽Ǹˡ
ȻԼӽ˼ÿһεУ̴ڶƲһʡ
̴Įִ֡
ëһѣ
ÿԼվʱỤԼûа֮ǵȥն
ңʱְ۸
ԡ̴ڡ
Ӣ̨ѵһԼ
ϲ䷺˺Ρ
ƴһӢ
ͻȻӢ￩һ£ǰֳ乬ľǰѪԼʬ
ѹĵ׵㺣ѿҪһϷӿ
Ӣ̧סԼĿڣ˦˦ͷŬЩĪ㺣ƽԼ˼
˯úѽ
һͷһֱڽͷ˯СԼ˯ۡ
ŤŤӣתͷĴСԴ⿴š
ۣķҲģ
Сʹ±ӣӭŷʹ
ȿȿȿȡ
ûһһɳӵСɥ˲ӡ
һܵĿţһίͰ͵ĿӢﴵĶɳӣ棬档
СɳӵӣӢεƲƲ͡
ɸ㣬ɳܲǲúñ׻˷ʱͻɳª̫ŵġ
ӢĻСŵӣϽԼСһɫС롣
ūū澴ءСšӣ쵽Ӣǰһء
ӢСѵӣοĵͷ
ŮӵǶôҪúñôС
ֻӢ򦣬вñ϶һϸƣ͵Żȥɡ
һ֣Сŵ̹ͣ˳ֻèһ
¹⣬ŴӿڣСϣūŹǱ߰ˣǻϵǰӵĹͰ
¹һߵͷ·һ͵͵Цš
ϾȣŷôƢ˵ǲܹ
һתͷգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͽһ
Ȼһ仰û˵Ǹ˭ģѲԶ
ٳûеȵ̴ڵĻӦ¹ֿڵһ׳ǣԲԭʢӭū˵Դɴ󴮶̼ţһ۶֭عһϲ
¹ͷŴӿڣѵ󣬶Ķ಻㣬ϿҪǵòﳢʶѽ
⡣
䲻һ仰¹һ㶣Ϻܿ¶Цݡ
ūŲ飬鰡֪ﰮʲôʲô¹èЦģȻġ
¹ͣóѵ͵Цš
Ϊĵ̫࣬ϲãȻָƵġ
ִ֣ЩƫӣĶȥϳԶӲԩҡ
ֻĬãﴫ̴ڵϲ͵͵嵭ĳʳÿոȥ
ūּ¹۾һתּһ䣬ϷģūҲ֮ͬǰһù֪ǻ͵ģūž˵˵ԣ˵׳˼
䣬ͼ͵رƿ
̴۵ɱ
޿ǲǰɣ
¹Ц̧Լӣ͵ū˵ˣ˵ˣūһǻΪ׼ģϷİɡ
̴ڵһۣ˦˴¹ͣǼֵ˶
׹̴շ󣬱׹Ϊ׳ǣҲ˳
׵ĳǳؽ׵ؽĴȤǣǳصΪһ޼ʵԭһͷɳĮ
Ӣͱɳ۾
ӹùõɫ˿ɴΧͺͲ
ӢϵԼϵĶ񣬱̴ڵ
ǳǰѹӭڵء
ȣӭϡ
ͷŵӣΪ
Ӣ̴ֻվԭأûǰ˺һֻĵ˾䣺ƽɡ
ϱӣԼһֱСĵ͵ˣ̴һͬ׵һΣҲǽԼȺУӲ̧ͷĴ̴࣬ӭӹݵҲǰȡ
վȺǰȻõġ
ӢĿϣϱʱҲλԼҲֻԶԶģĿһۣʲôӶ֪
أҪúõļʶʶλ֮һʲôס
ֻһɫɫ˿߹ż뿪ҩ͹Կ
ĳ㼾ɢͷͷȵβڣɢķ˿ͷӳס
ü˫ϸһۣͦεı£бţ͸׵ױŮӻҪۼ֡
µǿ룬ῡ˲Ȼ
ǰһӣӢüǲһ
˵к꾫ĻҲΪ
ֻվֱӣɣӭϣӭƵ̧ףϸ۽´̴Ӣӭ

45

ҵ, Ӣڻչʱ˵
ϥø໹δǵĶģҲزˡ
˵ֻһλ˼ǵ꣬ݺȥԺյ˼ɼ, Ҳһغˡ
ÿɼ̳λ, ˮ֮Уһ޾ڳĹ, ɵʱģҲѹ׵̳ܵλá
˱ˡ
ƻĲԭ, ӥڰа, ȼա
ӢԼϯλϣһ߾̾, һǰӵĲ֮衣
ˮ˷Ӣ˽ý׵İȴ˷Ӣ˽ý, ƽ˼Ұԡ
Ӣеһö, Ҫһ߾ʹ˰ȵ
׳ǾɫΣһȻ鴫ɼǳмӵĳɹų˻ϵľ, ڸúȱˡ
ֻЦŶյ泯ϯеɡ
пչǿϣֱĴ棬һģ
ϸβɨٱԼЦİȣָǰıڡ
ϣλǣ
ɵĻȶžյ΢΢һȴɱЦ⡣
׳ӭʱȻϳӢݣΪβ֪Լ˭
û
̴ĮĿӦ˾䣺ϡ
ƳӢϵʳ
һδĿȣֻһڵţģ˰ڵ̾ơгԹ˵ϡ
̴üͷ΢һ£ֽԼǰϣƵǰ
һŲԼǰһСϣӢŤͷ̴ڡ
ȴĿбӵĿǰıݣûԼ
ϣˡָ˵Сǳ檵ĵ̣
̴ֹŤͷһۣתͷͳһԹ
޲ԣʣ²ãӢɣ
һ仰˵ģҧгݵģúõһ仰ҪֳĶΣˡ
̴ĲӢƲƲͣͷƹϡ
ѳɽϣӢĿԼǸϣٿǰ̡
ԭ˰
Ӣԭŭϣһ㸡ֳϲЦݡ
ָһСϣͽ
Ӣһ߾׽ţһ߽ЦţǺóԣˡ
̴ڵͷһ̾ƣ͵͵һЦӢ
ǲš
ϯһ˫۾ãĵžյڣӦȵԭǰŮ
ŤͷƳһݲ˵İ˵ţĵշǣ׳ǵľɫΣܵ
ȿҡеľյͷЦš
Ҳ֪ΪΣûа֮⻰ȴ˭Ŷ̹
ӦЦⶼǳĹͣҪ±յƲǡ
˵գȱ棬Ⱦ˱еľˮ
ӢѹţĶ챻ŮˣԼٲһ񲻾սˣ
յһ䰸㴫Ц
ҡͷеľյ
ĳԼĶͷ֪ףŮǲܾƵġ
ֻЦϵľյľˮĵ˵ϡ
ֻܾƣŮӾƣ
ȿһľƣյžһϡ
˫ֽץԼеȵһ˲ͨһƬ
һԵӢ˫ۣȲİȣͷЦ
ԭΪǸ˼ϸĻŮˣɽôһҲûȷ١
ķ鶼ûףɴ͹Լ
ֱѰ·
ȱɨĶ棬סˤıӡ
ɻû˵µ˾ƣľžյߵ̴ڵǰ
̧Լͷǰ鷢üЦú󣬲ߵӢǰ
Ɑƣ
䲻һ仰Ӣ۽ǡ
Լλǰһ棬ϱӸû˵䡣
ⷬٶΪ
ӢԵ̴ڣֻԽѿϥϵ˫֣ҲԽ
⸱ģӢֳ°ͣɹһЦ
ŸվܾõľƣⱭƣɲҺȡ
ӢĻһ˫У¶˾֮⡣
Ц˵ŮӾǻû˵ܸŮӾưⱭӦ֮
Ӣ˫ۣϸϸǰһɡ
ǣˮ©
˷½յƾԲ˳Ӣ°ǰŲ磬кɺ֮
ɫ㣬һĸ֮࣬Ż϶˳ľƣкɾܾء
ɶеľյǫƻĿȴһֱĶӢ
ӢüӦԼɼ˵ţοһ֮֮ʥŮ뷲Ϊ֮ҪõƵġ
Ӣüͷ´ɡ
⼸ԼҲپܾˡ
ӢΣָ֣⻹ûյڣһ˫ֱ߬ס
תͷɫ̴ڣӢ˾䣺ϡ
̴ɨһۣһץӢǿ£һеľơ
ʤⱭƣȡ
˵գĿ֮£̴ͷȾһľơ
ƱϣӢóѵĹ˴ǡ
ܱʲôʱ
˫ۣԼ°͡
ĿŽӢÿһϸ΢ı仯ãЦţתصԼλϡ
ǰյĸʢӭĽǻӢζĳϣȣϵǡ
׵輧鶯˵ģһǲ򵥡
ֻ߰˸˴Ŵɫȹ¶ϸˡ
϶űɴ¶һ˫۾ȴƻ˵Ƶģüɫš
Ӣϯسǿˣеģֿһթɡ
֪׳ʲôˡ
ֻ߰˸˵Χӵ£һȹˣе˫ţݣǰ
ϵŹĵ𣬹Ҫһ̽
Ӣǰˣֱ̾УеӾٹͷ¶Ḷ̌Ӣ֤ʵԼĲ벻
ɫȵļˣＧ˭
Ｇ־ӣӢͷҧһϡ
Ｇ׸̴ڵˣЩ̴ڲŮɫＧǲǵ飬ɶȻ֪ġ
ؽϯϣɶҪŸＧ̴ǣߣȶ׵ľ档
ȻＧһǱ߾ʹ׵
ããðＧ׵ĵһˣд˵ӵϹ޸ǳ
̴ڼһе⣬Ĭ
̴ڲӻɿڵΪ׼˴ס־֣ˣһ̰
֧ȣһЦţһ̴ߵĽӢ
ʳָԼĶǣƻһ£
Ӣ˿û⵽ǱȵĿ⣬˼ȫȻＧϡ
ֻＧ˫ֽӣվۿΪѵԼ
Ｇ۾ڸԼɰŵһԸ
ӢһֱΪֳĬ̴ڡ
֪ΪΣﾹЩơ
̴ڴ˴֮ΪշģɵҪȻǲþܾġ
ӢɨһȦϯسǻϲĿ⣬ƶЦݣȻñƵúܡ
һ̶
ʹƬ̣ŴСϣ檲ʤȥ磬ϲصĳ檡ţֹʹļһ䣬ÿЩ
˵գӢĿ֮£뿪ϯ
̴ڵĿıϣһתƵյľƱ
һڡ
*
ϯߵСɽ£Ӣźŵ㣬ǰƬƬ޵Ⱥ
ȺĽĪ㺶Ƶõ˻⡣
ϯϵЩˣﶼǻӣȥͷۡ
ЩһļˣֶΣ翴ЩȺԲĿʮ㡣
Ӣ̧ŵϵʯӣȻһֻס˫ۡ
ʵĺ󱳣ӢȦ˻ȴʲô
ĺԼӢӲԭء
ˣ̴ڣ
ûڣͳ
˶Сү𣿡

46

ϸϸŶϵ, ӢԭЩҵҲƽ
ץ˸첲˫֣ǰ
Ԫ˷Ƥǰɣ
Ӣֻ˻һɿסԼ˫۵֡
ô겻ôµСүҵģ
Ԫ˷Ӣת, վԼˡ
һ͵ĺɫװ, ȴ¶ɫ½
ɫϵ˲֪Ĳƴ֡
һ˫Բǳ˸, ֵĺ촽£ݰ׵ܻ˵۾
Ǹ߸Ĳβ, ֱ䡣
Ӣһֱ, ѵɣ˵ĴԼԪ˷ˡ
Сү, ˭ҺͱûأӢͷ˵ţһеĹ, ô겻㻹һ㶼û䰡
Ԫ˷Լ곤, ӢϱʱѬϹ㣬̿
϶ԽԽ¡
Ӣû뵽Լٴοǰῡʵס
ֻԪ˷Լĸ첲й, СүƥϵŸϲûû
ӢԪ˷ԭһժһƬҶҶҧ
һߵҶӣһ߱ۿڴϣ´ӢСүһӻίӵȷ˲ٰ
ǳĺģ˸۸ң
Ԫ˷Դ޵ӣҰ˵Լܵʺĵط˸ʲôתͷָƬȺ˵ţ򣿡
ӢĻµò㱳ȥ
Ԫ˷С˵ͶĺܣԼ˵ġ
ӢƲƲͣǿϲ򣬷ôˣð
ӢĻԪ˷תͷȺ
㻹ϲԪ˷۾һתǺð죬СүһͰɳͷŶ򣬾ͷŶ򣡡
Ӣһεҡҡͷ
ƴ֣ɽͷǺϱһģһ
Ԫ˷Ӣͷ˵ļǰһ˫ְסļ
òãҲġԪ˷Ŀ⾼ֱȵСүҴ뿪ط
̧ͷӭԪ˷Ŀ⣬Ӣ˾ϱһģһĻ
ߣȻأҲһӣ
һ䣬Ӣ𴽽ǣּһ䣺ңСүյ˷ҲΪҰɣ
Ԫ˷Ǹֱ嵨ˣԼͷβء
׻ֱ׾٣ϱӵʱԼֻһ䣬Լȫˡ
˷ҪԼߣΪǻְϸ
ֻԪ˷ĿĿãŵ˾䣺㶼֪治Сүҿϵˡ
Ԫ˷ҧҶĥһᣬִǰЦӢ˵ʵǲһֱ͵͵עСүҰ
ƳԪ˷һӣӢǰҡҡ֡
㻹ˡ
ʲô˼ϵģ겻̴СӺһţףСүҵİˣһ¶Сүһһ
Ԫ˷һ˵ţһһȭͷϡ
ͽӢ÷С޲¡
ӢĵչԼȨƵСүİ
ԭǺͺһμѻ˭֪·ɱ˷СʵۣĶˡ
ԼضûУ
ֻ̫ӿͷһ仰Լڵ˷
ҪѽӢȥɣ
Ԫ˷۾һת͵³Ҷӣץס˽Ӣ
˵ʵ㲻ǿ̴С˰ɣԪ˷֧֧ͣἷ˺䣬㣬㲻ϡ
û˵꣬һֻ㴩ԣݾĽűߡ
Ԫ˷ϰ֮ˣȻݣԭһܿ˼
ŽűߵļĿڣţ˭ô۾
Ӣµģеϵļµĳ˿
Ѱ˸û˵ĵطһôɣ
˾ڸǷԼԪ˷ĶԻȫˣ
Ӣһ뵽Լȥ飬Ⱥ̴֪ˣ˾衣
һԵԪ˷󣬽Լ
ֻԪ˷£Сүڿɲһˣһаٶڻ¡
Ӣ̧ͷĺס
֪Ԫ˷ԣڸóƺΪƣˡ
ʣһа٣˷ս񣬸Ǳ̴ڼӷԶ󽫾
ڣӢǲԼİȫ
ֻ˳ɻƵηġ
ûӢ˵ֻһԣֱǽһ˫
Ԫ˷Ӣһ㣬ɵıֻܿ
Ԫ˷ǳˡ
ԭΪĸ۵Ķƫˣĺݾ־׼ǹģ
бͱڰ͵͵İСү㵥Ԫ˷ɤţ˫ۣεĻסӢ
ֻԪ˷Ӣʲô𣿡
ӢüǣĵûСĿڵϵļϣһֱڵˡ
Ӣĺ䣬Ԫ˷һִĶͷ
㰡㰡˷ֲ࣬˭Сүһʰ̯ӣ
Ӣʹ۲ת
С
̴ڰ
Ԫ˷˵ãһ಼ֻӶĴ
ӢĴţɲ֪ΪΣӢܾЩȻݾȴûҪ
Ҳû׼Լ
ӢƽԼôţǳģ
Ԫ˷ͷӦţ˼СүҵӢףǷҪгң
ӢεЦֹţǣ²ǸϹӣ
˵ʲô
ûʲôû˵Ӣ˫ҡҡͷҿ㻹ǸϽ߰ɣһϯǱߵͶȫˡ
Ԫ˷ίͰ͵ıͣҲ֪̬ء
һȦصļﰵǸзżˡ
ĬãԪ˷͵סӢա
һüļ䡣
ŴľӢԪ˷Цͷ
Һܿܵǰˣɱ̫Ұ
˵գԪ˷һԵĹʧ
Ԫ˷ͻǣӢ˴ԭأعʱԪ˷ǸԩͲ֪ˡ
Ӣ֣ڲ˲üıǹĵطƲ͡
϶ôǺϱһΪ
ӢϱΪԼѶϺͲģԪ˷˴뱲ӣҲ뱲ӡ
ΣЩԪ˷ĺã룡
ӢҪϯķȥֻ̧һֻţ
һתɳ½ϷƺĺΡ
пϣζĶԼ
˼˼
ҡӣһԼӢüͷ˰벽
⻰ǺⰡ
ЦŽƽɴ
ǰŮϣ·ˣ˾ĺӰԼָԼĴǣϡ
Ӣ˫ץɣͷֱǰжžɡ
ĴǣӢŷ֣һӣΣյζ
ɢָ֣ǰ鷢òƵ̵Ҵ
˷˼˰зżˡѹӣյĶϣ͵ˣ

47

̱ǵľѬӢĵú, ǰһթģɣĵĥŸʲô˴
ͻȻֻգ۵Ĺ򣬱ƺһһ˵ϡ
ӢĿڵ˲, ʡµ, µԼĿѶĿԵһ˫ѥϡ
Ŀһϣʱ, Ӣһǿ˰˿Цݡ
, , ô
̴ֻŹһĶԼ
ⶫɰɣ
ӢĹ, ͻȻһ¡

ǣŶԪ˷Ҳ
Ӣŵ̧, ɻûü, 㱻̴ڽ߬
˵ȥǰһŵϲʡµɡ
ӢΡΡĸŤͷһ۵Ⱥﺩ˯ɣҲ֪׳ǵʲôʱܷǵĳˣ
˭вԼţ
ӢתͷŲһԲ̴ڡ
ϲҪＧȥǰ, ô˼ҳ檣
ϸ΢Ľ̴ڽһ١
ͷһһίģӢһǰš
̴ڲӦӢ֪û
˳ĸ̴ڵĿĶԼ֡
ֱϱӢףüһЦ
̴һ·صӢŽʱűءһˤϡ
Ӣŵһ飬üһߵ̴ڵԡ
ϷΪ˳檴ǸͽӣͲ˲𣿡Ӣ欵ĲֱۣͷЦ
ȴ̴ڲͷƳһۣǿ˫ֱ֣ߵǰ¡
̴ӣӢŴǣִյǰ
̴ڵϥϣ˫§סĲ
̴ɣ˼֪ˣԭҰɡӢ۾һתҪͷһڣ㱻̴һưϡ
ӢĿɿڴĿƿԼգȻ˫ֽԼ˴קȥ
վڵӢ̴ֻĵӣһ仰Լ˵
ӣӢĵײֹ
ϯϣָԼϳԣָԼƺȣˣôһתۣˣ
Ӣ߬ڣ۾һתЩͷ
ɳϣΪԪ˷ץԼ֣ĵһ
˵֮ǰԪ˷˵Ļ̴δضˡ
ģģžֻԪ˷ǰǸˡ
Ӣ͵͵̴ʵû뵽̴˲Դûá
Ҫ̴ڵë˳˲ɣȻĿҪԼˣ
ӢֻԼķ˿һ䡣
СڽĴεţһһᣡ
ȻģΪ˴̴ɺＧõĺ£ⰲһסӢһԵķȪԣָöȵˮ
бڴһ̴ڣˮﻹõ¶ͻ꣬ＧöỶϲӢ˲ԼָһԹȥ
˫ָܣ̴ڱ
㻹ҪȥĶ
Ӣָţ¶˵óѵĻЦ
żŬ˼ת̴΢
̴͸ʵˮɫᣣһ滨ģӢ
Ŭӣ̴ڱֽץŴӡ
ҪԼˣ˼ˣ
ӢǸŮ
ȻӢһ·Ťĳ˹
뿪˲̴ɺＧûǰ°̴֪ԹԸ檣檲̴ɾˣ檻Լסȥ
̴ڿԼǰģε̧ԼĶͷ
ŬһӲָ֣Զһ齡
˳ָķӢתͷֻ϶ԼİССļֱѳСɽ
ĶＧ͹ġ
Ӣͣգ۾
Ｇĸ˷ʱ΢Ӳɰ̴£׵İЧ
ʱ˺͵ʱＧȻˣ
øԼ
ӢϸϸŷϯϣＧһ֮Լ
ԭＧʹó裬Ͳ裡
ǰаȻ񣬺Լڡ
ＧѾվԼ߶ܱˡ
Ӣװίģʵǡ̴Īóҹ𣿡
̴ⷬӦĲһѪŻ˳
ȴӢһ¶Լգ۵ĹܵƵġ
ͷҪԼƷ費
̴ڱƵͣһ䣺㣬ҪǲסͰȥ
ϲ檾̴֪ɵų檡
ӢóѵЦţָһ̴ڵĿѣûӦһתԼǶѰȥ
Ŀڱģ̴ڴ㶵ĵͷ̧ס˱ĵط
ǹů˳Ŀڣ˷ӿȥ
ǲԾЦȴǳ
̴ڵͷЦţͻȻвһջָֻ֣һࡣ
ڷ̴Ц
ɳϣǸƦ֣ǸƦ
ԼһʱûסôõĽǽˣ
̴ߵץԵĴ죬ǸƦӹȻһĵ죬Լ֧ȥˣб³ڴˡ
ϱͶԽ
̴ɣңÿ𣿡
̴ĵ׻ûֹ꣬ǰ㴫ĽӢͻ
̴ڻ̧ͷǰǣ͵صɴ˫ۣ˫ֽץסϥǡ
ֻӢȥ˷һɫ㣬̰ɫɴ£һɫľǶ
۵˫ڱɴ£ӳĵøˣεףֱջ
ӢЦſ̴ڵһӺͮͮģһֱ쵽˲Ӹ
»£͵ر۾ת˲档
Ӣ㣬㡭
ǳϲһˣ̴ɲϲӢװյ̾ҧгģ̴ڡ
̴ҵȵȡ
һ䣬̴ڱŲԼԽԽԶ
üͷ˫ץŵĹһš
̴ŶϸϸȷӢѾ뿪ˣСתͷ
۾һӢٴԼǰ
أǼɫĶǶˮɫԧǶԼǰתȦ
ֻϵɫǶߵĺ󱳣ֻһ̴ۣڱԼȼŻ棬úܡ
촽΢΢ţӲ˲˫ۡ
̴ʹģӢЦţô죬̴Ҳϲأ̴ٵȵȡ
̴żץסĸ첲ΪָӢˮһˡ
ɪеˮԽŨң̴ڴ϶ҲǣҲǣֻûȣֵĲ̹
ű۾侲侲һۣͳӢֻˮɫԧǶԼǰתȦЦģ
̴ǿܣ͵شӴվ󲽳ŷȥ
һɫᣣӢĽ̡
̴᣽ǶסԼӣӢŲӣǰһ
̴ϲһأ
ӢһڽţһĽë

48

̴, Ӣ½źһֹĲϣһֽ欵ָԼϵĶǶ
檵̴Ǹɵء
Ӣָ⻮ǶϵĴɫĵͷЦýġ
檼ǵ, һμ̴ʱ, ľǾһɽȪӢüһ, ̴ɺͳ檻ԧϷˮء
Ŀ⿴̴ڵĶֻԼĻò, ĶѾĿԵѪƵġ
̴ڻҧ, ƲͷԼӡ
ӢЦֹסĺ󲱾, ǿŤͷԼ
ӭ̴ߺ˵Ŀ⣬Ӣ򦣬۲ת
˿, 檵̴ɶϲ֮ءӢǰ, ĶСţ̴Ⱳӣֻ۰һŶ
ŶϴĹƻ̴֮ڽӣͷĺˮֹסš
ҧ촽, ˫ֲķסӢļ
ʮָţƿ˻Ťˡ
ޣһһϲ֮ˣĳЩ
û˵껰ǰӢĿƵ
ŽżһǰһȥϵĲ㱡ɴ
һ˫ϸ۵ֱ˲ʧȥڱΣ̴ڵĿ⻬Բļͷֻһۣĵױͨͨͣ
Ů
ҪƷԼ
̴ڸڿе˫ֽһѵͷΪͷֹסĺˮķ˿ʪͷƤϡ
㣬ȥ·ϣ֣
̴˫Ųʹ㽩Ӳš
һ˫ۿϸߣĴţǲҿӢһۡ
ˣ̴ɲϲ𣿡Ӣָǰᣡ
̴һǰŲ
̴һѵһɶ̴ҲֻߣԼʲô
̴ڵ㣬ͲŻܽ⿪̴ڵĽᡣ
̴ڵֻӣɫ͵Ϻ죬Ӣ۾һתûһץס̴ڵ⡣
̴ϲѽӢ⣬Ҫ⿪Ƕӣ̴ĪǾԳǶۣǳ檳ˡ
ֱⷬ׵ò̴ҲͲסĵͷƵ֡
̴ֻôೡսۣǶôվ˿վԼǰĽӢΣգ
ӢгֱԼ̵ָڱ̴ҧгݵı۾
ðɣˣ
̴ֻ͵һԾߵķȪС
һ˲䣬ˮĽ
Ȼ̴ڳܣҲûˡ
ûӳԼģ
Ӣһק̴ڵ⣬һȪС
һ˲䣬ů֮⽫İΧ
УӢӥۣסȪصˮ̴ڡ
ץеһʹ㽫̴ڣԼǰ
˫ֹסĲӢˮһӡ
ԭ̴ɣӰԧϷˮӢ°͵ļͷЦš
ǰһ˿-ҵӢ§Լ̴ھóԼҲԵġ
УӢ⻬ĺ󱳣һ˫Ʋ֪ȥδӡ
ֻܽӲڰգһҶ
㣬㾿ȵˮ̴ԽĲѣӢ˼ơ
̴ھãҹǾҪˡ
Ҫ̴ѽӢˮŽż⣬ҧĶ
һ˲䣬̴ھûֻڿʳԼ
ȴƲסԼֻһվ
ͷյ̣ȴ˾ư㣬֮¡
̴ڲ˵ӢһɴôߵĽֱƵ˷ؽǡ
Ӣűڳӱߣ·̴ڣȻ̴ɲ˵ǳ檣ɾҪء
ͷҧס̴һǣһۣһҧſеԼ˫ϵһϵ˸ÿĽӡ
˫ƹ̴ڵĲˮµһ˫Ҳ̴ڵ֫
Ӣ˹ϣͷ
檵ζ̴ɣϲ
̴һѱȪˮʪİϡ
ͷŹԼϵӢںڵķ˿ʪڼϣɰļγĶԱȡ
ϵĶǶϣһۿɼ׵ˡ
£˿ӰԼ
Ĵ΢ţƺŵĵΡ
ӢԼϵĺ̴Ȫµ˫ɽգ÷ɡ
ԭһ˫̿Ƶӣȴȣ¿˷
̴ⷬı仯ȴӢûԤϵġ
̴ϱת䣬￩һ¡
ã
ӢҪȥһ˫˵Ʊץס˫ȡ
һתǶ˵λñ㷢˷츲صı仯
űĳӱߣӢһˮһȴԼ˫ֱϵһ̴ڵĲϣѲ
ԼϵӣӢʱ޵Ķˡ
̴ڵ˫ڳˮĿȣӢ˫ȲԼ֫ϵơ
ӵһܶ
ŽһڣӲߵӢ
Ӣ˵ûǶϲ
̴ڵǰһ֮ľܡ
ͷסӢĶͷζǣʣ˭ģ
̴ڵĻӢһ
ƴȫˮ£ȴֻͽ͡
ΣӢֻӭ̴ڵĿ⣬һģ
̴⼸գ˼ģ˼ңⲻ㿪
Ӣ˵޵ƳΪװһӣ̴ڷŹԼȴ̴ڵǻϽˡ
˵˵Ϊ̴ץ˫ȣӱѹһ¡
Ӣһ˫ֱ۶Ҫˣţ檣檲ȥͣͻϥ
أ
ˮ
Ӣҧ촽
䣬̴ԭһ˫ͻȻɿˡ
Ӣʧȥ֧ţһӳȪ
ڳˮ̴ڱĺ󲱾קˮ档
Ӣٵ˰ϵˮһ˫ȲĹ̴ڵ֫
̴ǿŵóѵı飬Ӣֺڵҧ촽
ǿˡ
̴ֲŮɫһӻˮ
һˣԼԹԵͽأ
أ
̴ڵıǼסԼıͷͳӢԼ˶γġ
̫ǿ󣬽ղս
Ӣë΢ţûûˣ̴ɣ̴ɷŹ檰ɡ
ȴ̴䲻Ӧ˾䣺ʵҪгͷģ
˵գ̴Լһ˫ٴɿ
Ӣͨһ³˳ˣλûˮͱ̴ˮ档
촽ϵģ̴ڵǡ
˫̴ֹڵĲ˫Ȳϡ
ݵˮӢɴ˫ۣǰ˫ۣһ̴ڡ
˵̴ԼҲͷһΣϴϦϣŽԼӣңֻѵˮһ㡣
ϴΣǸҹԼ˯γʲôǵˡ
ϱӣ׶û׹
೤ģеһΡ
ӢֻǱȥ˱ġ
ԴͿģĵȴƹ۾ƣ˿˿ǣƮ
ֱӢ촭̴ڲŷŹ
ʹӣ۾͵Ķˮ棬̧ͷ
Ӣѵɬӣ̴üë΢ţĵ׻ϲúܡ
֪ˣ
ţ檣ҲˣҲˡ
ӢԽϸ΢̴ڵͷƱ㣬һҧĶϡ
˵գ̴ѹ²ӣҧסϵڱĶǶ
Ӣʧ飬̴ڵǣĽѵ
һ䣬̴ҧĶǶһ
ɫĵǶı˦ˮϣƮԽԽԶ

49

ӢΪ, 뻢ıƤ
ȴϣͷԼȴв͡
̴ͻľٶӢʧ˷򣬲ʧɫϸ΢Сëŵø
֪ˮ, ԼҲǰ̴ڿһɶˡ
Ӣҧ, ѾƮӶĶǶɫͨĹ̴ڵϣһҶ
бעӢúͮͮ, л㱵˫̴ۣڵͷһҧĲϡ
ܵ˻һ, ̴ɿ, ĺ󲱾˾䣺֪ˣ
ӢŬĽԼˮгȥȴˮص, ̴һ˫á
ԼէֵĴ⣬ۿһ
͵ʴװɣ
Ӣĵһ鰲οԼ, Ǻ̴ӵġ
ϱӸøɵĶ, øɵҲˣʲô˼ģ
̴㡭¡
ίί, ̴ǰӣ
ֻӢ͵ͦ˲ӣҲںΪôһڣ¶ˮİƬȡ
ҧŴǣӲͷƤ˾䣺кµģ檵Ǿã̴ˡ
˵գӢ§̴ڵĲӣһڣϡ
ȻǿļһѿЦݡ
ŻӢǿ̴ǿӲļ˳ӱء
΢ͷ֡
̴̽Ŵϴã˵ġ
´ֻвһָľ룬̴ڲһҲһô
ӢòܸĽë̴ڵĺ󲱾
ˮԽŨգͷԽĲѡ
ڽӢ̴̳ԡ
ӢԳ֣ǿ̣ǽӢԶҲ󲻵ģ
̴ֻɫԽĺȾ鶯
´Լ̴ڵָĺ󲱾
Ǵ¶˵óѵЦݡ
ӢҪһ˲䣬̴ֳҵɫᣡ
ӢĲɵһת㽫ԱԼƣӻƿ
˫Ӣ⻬ĺ󱳣̴һְסļһֽɫᣰϡ
ֱӢﱻɫĲӼ̴ڲ˫֫ͳ˳ӡ
תһںӢſڵ˦˦ͷ⵽Լһʪᣡ
ʹ£κϻ̴ڵ⣬ʮֵѡ
ӢŲӣŵĿŻڳֱۣζԼ̴ڡ
һϷӢƵҧ´
Ҳ̫ûˣ
ҪôͶ˼ģҪôͻȻôòˡ
ǴͷβܾԼҲˣǶˣջԼ
ңڳԼЭҪȥˣôܡ
ôܣʲôأ
Ѳɣ̴ԼͻȻûˣ
ӢίĵͷһԼӡ
͹µúܰ
̴ԶԶӢС͵͵ǡ
Īǡ壬ã
Ӣ䲻һ仰̴ںò׳ֵЦݣһӽϡ
Ӣſڵϣ񲻰ֵ´Լ̴ںЦһ
֪ҪΪԼ˵Ļ𣿡
ӭ̴ȵĿ⣬ӢһӾĻ֮⡣
ۿ̴ڷֱۣȪˮһԼӢŵһ⣬Ͻӵֱӡ
ԭشתһȦӢϵ˫ֽϵᣣ
檺۰Ҫ˯ˣ⣬ˮţݡ
˵գӢһһ齴ȥ
ϵ⣬ӢƴȫҲû⿪ϵˡ
ӢܾеȵĿڶԼ
һ뵽ڳ̴ӢһӽҲ˲ϵϵᣣֱһͷ˱
Լ̴ָĴУǸȵǣȴʱʱ̸̿ǰ
ӢֻȺģȼŻ
èڱӢŲӣ˫ԼգǾԾš
̴ڵĿĴϡ
ŶҲӢ̴ǻɿһֱԼȵ˫֡
ջĿ⣬ͷˮ£ԼĲƽ
̴ͣü֮ѹƺһһֱǿŵӣŵõ滺
йڳӱߣٴԶ
ΪŨܵˮԼѺˮĶͷҪˡ
̴ڵͷԼ˫֣ŵ´ƴδ뿪
һ㣬Ͳһ㡣
ͷųˮԼĵӰԼ
Щʱ
Ϳˣ
ҹ̴ڲŴӳ
һɾ£ƿӣͿһᣣ˫ֽϵһӢ
˯̴ŵһ¶顣
ô˯ˣò
̴ڲ࣬Ÿ첲
ϱ̫ˣ˭ߣʲô˯ðȡ
̴һŸӣСİɻʪŵͷ
ÿֵᣬ¾˯е
̧˯ŵӢ˿û˼̴һͷһƷ˿
̴һķ˿һԼһơ
ŷ˿һһȦȦԼָ⡣
Žܲķ˿̴üǰδеᡣ
ϱӣġ
ڡ
ӢĲ̴ڵͷĴǡ
ĿӢϵ⣬̴εӣ⿪
Ҳ֪ǴѧЩһչ㲻
ңֻԼ
̴ĵİ󣬱ӢֵĿʼŤӡ
һýᣣ̴ڽְߣ⿪Ӣϵᣡ
˯Щһᣣֱէֵȶˣ̴ڵͨ
͵ر۾¿ˮ
ĵײֹͣţţš
̴˫ֲĽһ᣶ڵϣӢİ˸ɾĶǶ¡
ѵĴ˿ֻԼŶǶָ⣬ǹ̵ġ
ӲĽǶӢĲϣְϵ̴ڸо̶û尾
ֱɾ´ϣǺñӣ̴ڲźӴȥ
һͷȪӣѾĳˮ̴ڻһ
ȴһĻ
̴ųеˮͣĴԼϡ
ֱڵĻȫɢ̴ڲƣĿڳϣһ
*
¹ݳ
ǹĶ䣬СŮζ뵽гһջᵽϷӢĸ첲࣬Цš
ӢֱۣЦôбûڣбǡ
˴֮УӢѾ˼̴ڳеϣ̫ξŮ֡
ȻϣؼĻˡ
λСӡ
Ӣ֣۵⡣
Լܷ񳹵£̫ξһңڽ¹ݳϡ
˺ãһֱۣƽҲǼõءһԵＧȣӢüЦš
ûӢϿ˵Ｇ͵͵ĴյӢĶߡ
ɪɻ⣿
ɪ֣ҹ̴ڶԼ飬һӸǰ
ŪӢɫһӺ
Ｇɬģòһ԰µҹĽɪ󣬶ʮֵꡣ
檻ͷһƼӡ
ӢԾȵĿסԼգȴȴԽԽ졣
תͷＧƲƲͣ˾䣺ɵĺ¡
檿ԩȻðƽŬΪϺǣߴţδ֮а
ӢＧ޹ģֻͷ͵ֵϣＧϸ
˵˵
ţһ˫ϵĽѥͣǵ
ö˵š
˷Ůӣǽ
֮ӢջЦݣҲ
ⷬɧûҲ֪˭
Ӣׯתӣǰһ۵ɣǳǳһЦ

λǻرܵĺãЩҪλ˵
ӢеգסԵＧ
ɲãʲôҪͱ˵
ӢӣɲżﴽһЦһ˹
ߣƵ˵ɳͷôã񿴵˹һ
ȻָֹԼĴǣӢһ۽ǡ
Σ˷ĹڿԸ뱾˵˵
Ӣͷев˫ֽճȭͷ

50

ձʮֵĹ, Ｇ໥
˶΢ᣬֲ붪Ȼ֪ɶǼˡ
ǣϥ˰ݱ
Ｇ̧һǰ, תһ뿪ˡ
ľջ, ֻʣķӢͱ˵ɡ
׵Ľɪ󣬿ɻ⣿
ӢԭΪֱӿ, Ԫ˷飬ȴʵľǽɪ
Ӣıֱ, ĵǲ, ͻ϶⣬ûϴͳġ
⽫ҧø, Ӣ֪ǵķˣõľѹĴʻ㡣
ԭԼҲ˵̵ˣǼȻвԼ, ҲҪ, Լɲʲôӣ
ӢĻشһЦֳӢ˼
Ӣһʯͷͤǰ˺󼸲
ֱӢ, һƨͤ
˫ֳͤϣͷ
ʲô
Ӣбţ֮䱣ž롣
ϷŪͲ»𣿡
һԼͷǰ鷢ںЦ
۾´ŽӢСǺǣΪһӶûŮˣ
һ⻰Ӣɫѿ
Լôһ֮õĵչ˸Լ
Ӣ˫ֽץµʯ壬˫ĵǰɡ
֪Ϊ˹ˣһ֮
Ӣͣ°˾ƲɣȻôģˣ˾Ʒأ
ߣҪŮûϰ٣ҲʮŮ˻ǲǸӣһ֪
ɱ˵ţѹӣŪӢֵĲ
ܾãƺ̽Լĵߡ
ҪӢһƵļͷ
Щ֮ǺЩϰٸȥ˵ɣͻΣǳԵģ
ȴϣӢǵ͹ķ̶ȡ
ɵͷһԼͷ֣ЦݣҪͷסָ⡣
ŵӢϽһƣջԼ֡
˷Ůˣٻƪ𣿡ɻЦţֻӢĶ˵ţ֤ġ
ϷŰ֮ﴫӢĶУŭ
ӢҲٹ׵ĳ̴ڴ˴֮еĹؼ
һƣݾɵϡ
ţصͤ
ͻһƣɵԤ֮С
˿ϻʹɽĶŽӢߵĻЦҲûаֵ
ǣٻƪҰúţ׵Ůˡɳ°ͣƻţ˷ˣңΣ
ΡӢҧгݵ̧֣Ҫٸһƣ֪ԼＸء
ɰƻû䵽ɵϣ㱻һ
ץһᣬ㽫Ӣ˴ʯק
һյӢƣֻԼҪˡ
ɼǻˣҲҪٸͽӼӣܳԼһڶ
ץ֣Ц˵֪ܲװҿǧ򱭲ϷʵĿŻڲֹӢϣѵúء
ţѵǲס
̴ڵմӢԭץԼɣźӣܵ˰С
һӵõ˽ѣӢæ̴ͤܵڵ
ץ̴ڵ䣬Ͱ͵˵ţ̴ɣ̴ɾȳ檣¡
ɵĶУбһ۶̴ɪɪˣζһЦ
ȴ̴Ӣݺݵĵһۣҧгݵģ
ƺ޵˺ܸȤ̴ڵֽʯϣˡ
˫־ٹͷЦԩԩϵŮˣɵӢĵӣ
ԵĿڲģ̴Ӣ󣬽Լ
̴ڴǰһѾסɵ½
ϢĿţ̴ŵţʶʱ֮ˡ򦣬Ӵȣֻ˵ţɱˣγΪ޵°ܽ
ϵĲʣ̴ЦһӵеһУ޸Ķ䣬һΣڶΣ
˵գ̴һ˦һֱյӽͤ
ԶĲݳϴ̴ƳһŲӣڵϴɣǣӢתݳķȥ
һ̤ݳӢ̴ڵļͷһίģ
̴ɣؿɲǳȥǵ̴ɿɲ᳼檡
̴תͷһۣû˵ʲô
̴һʲô˵ˣ檿ɳԲӢԹĵͷģһί˵ӡ
ɣȷʵǰĴ̴֣סӢ°̧ͣ𣬡Ĵ
Ӣͷһ
ԼȻҲ˹
ҪϱӰһԼɣ
̴ֻԵĳ¹һ֣һɫɴñϡ
ӢĿñԼͷϣСİ򦴦ϵ˳
ֻ޿˵գ̴ڱܵɴӢڵʵʵġ
Ӣ͸ɴһһ͵ֵĳ¹ͷ̴ڡ
̴׼õİɡ
û뵽˴׾ͦ
ӢѰ˼ŴⶥñԼıҲЦ
ȴϣֵʱ̴ɴ
ϵЦ˲εĶ
̴ڿɴЦ̣ɫһ㶡
Ĭãŵһ£ڵժ
ӢӲЦݣЩɬţָⲻԾĲڣϸӦáõġ
ֻһӢ̴ڸϽͣɴ
̴ڽӶӢǰڡ
̴ôˣ
Ӣüͷ۾һתҹڽɪԧϷˮĳ
ǰһҧԼǶĻ棬ӢϾֹסķ˺Ρ
ҹˡ
¹е̫ҽЩ纮ҩȥȡʵ硣Ӣ̴ϵԹ̫ˣ̴һҪȥ䳡ôܵˣ
ӢͻȻĹģ̴¶վԭһ
Լˡ
ĵġ
Ŷϳ¹ЦӢҲ⵽Լ̴ڵĹġ
һæջ֣檣̴һӣҹﻹͬ檣أ
Ӣⷬ̴һԼ
ִֿȵƳӢ
ϣôˣ
һԵİһװȤĴɵ
Űİɸ߸գǸָӡǣ̿ĵͷ
һۣŴñĽӢԼա
̴뿪ߣݳǰȥ¶һ˿Ц
Ǳµ˸˶ź˵Ĺ˵ãЩһ
ĶŽӢԵһ֪Ƕñ£һŭĿԲ
ⷬ¶ǵĻʵǹҲסӣͬ׺תӢǴȥ
ȴźӣζŮ˰ڴϻǹ˳ϵĺãϲϷǿΪЩ˵ġ
˵Żȴֳ˷滨ģ
ŸתĽӢˣϲѱˣҰúš
ĺ󣬲ݳϵūǷŷӵɽȸһֻҰӥ
ȥɽӢͷһڰˮ
׵ĴᣬɽȸɫĻ
˭µɽȸ࣬ܵõ״͵Ľ͡
ΨһһֻҰӥǿһԸ
ǴԹ󣬻Źӣμӡ
ӢŲţϵλӣתͷԵϣСõˣȻһ˲ţںҲ۶ġ
̧ԶСӣ۵׶Ǻߡ
СһֱܺãֻǼҾ߲һֱûлͷأҪлİˡ
ӢЦ֣ҲֻЩˣԸСȢؼҡ
ĿԺСӣɬġ
źŽڶȥ
ĵߵ˷󣬳˲ע⣬§סϸ
һûˣȥ֣ˡ


51

Ŷһ, ＧǾģȥһ𡣡
ӢһĹӣͷＧ
ＧŲӢˮЦ檲ùͰƽЦˡ
ＧС׳, ׵ŮҲϲ𣿡һԵϵͷһˮ, ĿＧ
ƽ֪ˡ׹Ĳ£ߵǵԣׯ, ˵ţ, ֻйŮѧϰʸ, Ѱ˼ǲġ
ĵĲ˲еĹ, ȻŷŽ
̧¶ǺＧＧΪβﱾյأ
ȵĻһ䣬ＧæŲ, ˰ȵࡣ
ˮ˫, յ
Ｇµţ̧ͷȡ
֪Ｇ͹ĹϵǺʱˣָＧֱ
ֻＧ˫һˮ˱ڡ
², Ｇ˫ַڵϼԼȡ
ֳ棬ɪɪĹڵŲ
檺ͺеĽùϵһģûк˱ˡＧ̧ŰȣֻǼͰƽڴ˴ЪϢˣﲻ˵Ļ뿪
Ｇſǻȱץס֣ԭء
߬Ｇ˵ʲô᲻ģ󹬺ڣϲܰĳ
֣⽫ＧԼķ£š
ʼյͷˮɶһֱŰȺＧĶԻ
ԭ˵λƷ¶Լн顣
̨һԼ侲ú˼¼ȥ
ǷԼȥҲĸ
Ҳֻͻǰҫֻꡣ
ڱٿһУҪɱģλˡ
ϷеĲյ泯ȣһЦ
飬Ϻ͹κβԼҵ
̨ΪİģԼø˰ƽ
ĺ£ǲһεġ
ĶģλԼܶ㡣
ƽأһӰôȴӰˣӢŰȡ
˵Цˣ˴£ñȥһĴƣȴܾңյĽ鶼ˡ
Ű˵ģӢ˫ۣĵһ
÷ûüֵӲŰˡ
ӢŰＧ֣
ҪµĿˡ
ˣˣҲ˵Ǹִ֪ˣȥɽȸŮҲЩòͷɺã
ȴͷժһö˿ĵΣ˷ϡ
ǶѹһԼ֮һģδ˭ܰεͷ
Ȼһ䣬ܵŮǷ׷Χ֡
ͻȻ̴ںɵ⡣
žƺȺʯϣȤζĿǡ
һ˲һ۳ŹӵӢ
ȻҪģͶĸġžƺָһӵ챦ɽӥˣɽȸģѡһϲĶռΪС
ɵָΧϵĶһȦָͣӢǰ
ϴŻЦ
ЩкȤζһһ㽫еľƺ̴ڵķ˹ȥ
ϣ̴ڿûһۣһֱ̧ץסľƺ
̴žƺһƣƵϿ˷쵱ս񣬽գԸ볼һ°
Ӣתͷһ࣬СƵ̴ڡ
ӥ
ⱲӵĽӴУ̴֪ںԼӡǸ˲̫һ
书˵ã
ĻǴû
ʱ̴ֻĮӦá
Ȼѹʤ
ŰȼӣӢ͵͵İһۡ
һԵɬժԼСѹСʤ
ӢתͷߺЦŴ֡
ֻͻȻڵҿɲҪѹһˣǾȤء
ＧȺ͵͵ŰȽ顣
ԼݣȻҪѹʤģɰ⻰һ˵Ů׷ѹˣԼǻѹϣƫһ˵
һ뵽ˣＧ˸
ԥã۾һת
Ｇеѹڷϣ檺þûؼˣȻڼ磬Ǽ檾ѹʤɣϲҪ
˵գＧ͵Ŀһ̴ڡ
̴ڱֱۣĬףһ
ǹأʯϣӢ˫ۡ
ñ£Ӣ͵͵ͷԼͷŵһ
ѹ˻ΣԼǾԲѹһġ
ɽĴģ׹ӺԼϲġ
ͷ˵ʲôõġ
ӢһĪչʱֻЦ׵Ů˲磬ͽ㴽ϵ֬°ɡ
ⷬΧǰļ˷׷׾̧ͷɿȥ
ϸϸĥɵĻϷʵ΢
ＧץϥǣŵСɷס
Ӣ࣬ڷ°οսӢ֡
Ӣסϵ֣ĵҡҡͷ
ͷһóģɣӢĵһ䣬ͽõ
üͷͷһһֱ۽ۡ
˲乴˴ǡ
ֻӢе۽۷ϣǾ۽۰ɡ
ŷϵ۽ۣһζĹüǡ
ø۽۵ܣ
Ӣͦö۽ָۣƤеһ꣬Խ
ǱԹ۽ۣȻǷܣ
Ƶ㿴ҲȫúߵڿԼ
Ц֣ȤȤһ׵Ĳͷˣǹѹ˭ʤ
Ӣһ䣬Ȼǡ
̴ɶֻδ˵ڣӢ͵ر͡
ѹ̴ڣ˵ǷԼҲҪӵˣŲҪѡһģ
ӢƳǰһڴɡ
Ȼѹ̴ڣҲѹ˵ӣ
Ӣ˼ţһвĿ⣬Լ
֪һ̴ˡ
Լѹ̴ڣɡ
֮£ӢӲͷƤ֧֧ѹѹѹǸѻɫʤ
ӢĻ̴ڵһɫеľյžһϡ
ѻɫɻЦţ׷ʵ˵˭
ӢĵǴѻɫǸ˰Ī˫۷ֲɫɣ
ӢĻһ£ĵϲ
ͷϷʵЦһ󣬱ʾԵūͣǣ쿥
ɷյﵽ̴ڵǰ
ΪλĪ£ɺͷһȺеӢǲͷɾͲˡ
̴˻Լ󣬲ûɵơ
װ˲ȵɡ˵̴ڱתɪȥ˿ɵľ
Ӣ̴ڵıӰһͷˮ
յͷ
˴ԼյĹ̴ֻźɫĿ³˵С
ſϵ̴ڣ˵Ŀ׷Ӣȥ
Ľʡ
ӢſԼ̴ڣ𾪵Ĵʯվӡ
̴ֻһѻɫ߸
ȴ
̴Ǵѻɫ
Լһ˵ķ֮ʣȻ˷ϡ
Ӣ䣬˿ûע⵽ԵİȣֺݶĿע
̴еĿöһ۽ϡ
ĿתƵӢϣĿƬ̴̣˫۰ţе
ݣ
̴һ仰˵ͲȥԭصЦһСֹţߣС
ͷŷ׷ŲӵŮǡ
űȡĺòͷ
ɲûָգȴԸЦݣӢǴһۡ
һ䣬ɻӶеޣ̴ڵķ׷϶ȥ
̴ںһߣΧһŮҲ׷ɢȥȺȥǻֻҰӥǳܸʤһ
Ӣͷϵ۽ֻۣŸα̴ڻ
һ̧ͷƼվԶй
ӢԭΪйҲֵģδ⣬ɵҪʱȴйԼǧ
ӭйĿ⣬ӢһȦָָԼ
йףͷӢ΢üͷ
йʲô

52

˷, 
ԺèֽеûʵСһŸɾĽߵԡ
ү֡
һСιҰèӹС˵Ľ
ʮָõøϸ
𣿡
, С˸׻ӦүĻ, ǰһߣūžͽ͹ȥˡ
СɫСĿڵֻү, ﶫ, ǲðɡ
˵ү÷, ɱϾǻϵŮˣү͵͵, Ǵȥǻҹǵĳ¡
οÿԼү͵͵Ͷȥ, ӲǱӵ, ߵĹŮԼ˵Ƕÿһû
үѡЩС⣬Ҳǳ˲עˣԼֲҸү
治֪үϲǸŮʲô
ЩСȻϲ, ˣҲûôࡣ
ָ⻮µӣ˺öϲ˶СϲǲӦ鼮ðƶ
лϣҪƶС˱ԹƲ˵
λڣǲСȿĵġͷŽű߳ԵҰèˮһᡣ
ѧèĽ£ŤͷСˣɡ
ôһʣСָͷӦûպǵա
ֱӣϥϵ̺ӡ
αͷŷա
ѻȥѡ
ӹÿ찡
*
ݳСѲͣҡҷţֱͣЪȫˣӰĻζͣ
һص£ֱͦ
˦һɢڼĳ̧Ĩɶͷϵĺˮ
ŰۣѾķһǰ
ŻƣϢȵˣ°ͣĶ
ôŮˣ⣬Ӹνأ
òĻӦͷ´һգȴֻͦųƣļͷȴһֶû˵
תԼŷԭĶǶûó
Ӿ˵ҵСԹƽʱеˣôû˶ԭûն
˵գָŶǶһŷɫĶǶק˳
ʱԼֻ˹
ڵĴЩҲȫ˳
ãһּ˰¡
ûƽһ㱻ϵԡ
󱳺ʹֲڵĦţʹĴ˳
ͶˣӾϲУ
־У˫˰ļͷ϶үүʱ븮أ
ô
ͣĵͷţţү˳Ůˡ
ԼױˣӱռΡ
ǲⱲ˭Ҫ
ڰԼ谮Ůˡ
˵ĶԣڳԼ˭ܰ
°ͣС̧ĸ߸ߵġ
ŷ۵⣬ϷʵСԹӵľŶԣǰòԺ泶СԹҪʮ
ĵĽʮѹô
ɼʮֻҪܽܽԼдڰʲôίʵȥ
ӣϢǣҪһ˳
ֻͻȻһͣĽþòƽϢ
ɽӢ͵תӣ˼ĵɴ۾
ۼΪʵعū澵Ļ˰ɡ
йƽĿڵ
㰫ǱߵĽôĴ̶޹أҲȤ
Ӣ̧һ۲йʹһɫ㾶ֱƹԶߵ˴ȥ
ͣδӢȷ˺󣬲תӡ
˫ۣϸϸǰй
ãӢڵϲȦӣйֱӴ촰˵ɣΪñ֪ƽ͵֮£
йֻ̨Ե̸֣Ͻ顣
ȴƫƫԼȥưͷ˽顣
ɵйɿԼɽ¸Լ
йǰˣ㽫Լӵĳ±¶ԼǰжΣ
ֻйȻĹԼǰĿǰյѵ
ū΢ᣬѣ
йĻشӢüһ
ôҲ벻һϽйԼǰ˵˴治֮
Ӣݣڣй֪⻰ǻɱ֮ġ
ū⻰Ǻ˵Ҳˣڹᡣ
йƶӣӢ˫ۻǰпϡ
˵䲻ģйǺﱰ΢ĹŮǰ˸ӴŵģΪҪѰ
ū澺˽£ﲻ֪
ӢĻͷһ
һֱһ⵹ϸŮպòץס˰İѱˬһΡ
ɼˣҲΪһʱ嶯ȥ˱˵ĵӡ
ҡ
Ӣ۽ǣйɫ
йǸĽǶ
ֱԲ䣬ʤ
ǳ˺ͷ˽飬й֪ܣȻ˿Ҳƶˡ
߳ıͬģԷĵߣпԼһı
йǴĵãƺ˵ۼΪʵԶͶ֮ˣӢĵԼĶ׹ӣҪйʧˣлŮ֮飬Ա˵˽ǲȤġ
Ӣ˵껰װĴ˸УҪת뿪

̧ŵ˲䣬йϸ΢Ĵ
Ϧһҹƽֻ򡣡
йĻӢֻ̧Ż£Ϲ˵óѵЦݡ
Ӣͣס˽Ųйڵϣ˵Ҫɱģ
ӢϦҹڱ϶ֽŵģԲǷ
Ϊǰȣȴϣǰ
ӢͷŵϵйЦйΪñ㣬ΣĻ˵ǲ򵥡
й˫ֽǰĶׯࡣ
µʱū澾࣬Ϊ
ӢԼ°ͣĸ
Ȼй֪ܶ顣
빬֮ƽһУָʹģôģǰ
մ˵ѪƽߵﲢǱһ
˵й뵽˱ɱı
˫ֽһָ״оʹ
ЩѾ飬м飬֪й̧һֱŵͷעӢα˽ͨĸ֤ݣҪ˳׳Ķϳĸ
й仰ʱӢϳϸ΢ı仯
֪һֱǻ񣬿ϱҲ̴սɳ󣬲ű¶ҰĲ
û뵽һΣôͰβסˣ
Ӣ˼ʱйͻһ仰
﷽뿪֮٣ū澽Щ˵ɡ
йгӣӢֱָۣ
йȻ򵥡
ȻйͲµˣΪλҪƾͼƣɲǱʶй
ˣӢҲɴ಻ٹĨǡ
Ҫйʲô⡣
ūȻҪū澵ı£ū澿õĵطԶԶֹЩ
Ӣûʲôˣö˵׾١
ָ⻮ԼĴǣͣϡ
治ɫйӢȤζʵǱҪ֪ййܸʲô
йŲĿƶ
ӭӢĿ⣬ū澿úλ

53

ϱûʲôӴ, Ӣ֪йǸʡ͵ĵơ
й֮λŮˣ˼Ȼܡ
й⣬֪Ӣ̧̧֣ɣݱ롣
һ䣬, Ⱥ, ĴӶȥ
ݺӢЩüͷ
ڿ, ָ֦ϵɽȸ
һ, ɱವһ
һöϵŻ˿ļ, ȥһֱֻֻɽȸϡ
ŷɽȸϲż, ڵأߵĲת
㿴̴ŹԼüβ
вʵĴһ, Ͽ֪, Ӳð
һ·Լϵȫ̴һ
Թʱ̴ֻٴξ˹
΢գеĹ׼һȦ, һĶ׼ɵ
̴еļɵֽĿ
ǣôɱ
ϸüһ㽫Ĺ˵ϡ
һֳһԼ½
ָԼĿڵλãЦֲǵһΣǻ⣬þǣ
ɲһ̴ھͷųеļ
ֻǼ׼λôɵתƵ˿ϡ
ſһߵȱͨһ¹˵ϣߵϵһ
̴ڳ˼Ͳеĵڶ֧𣬿ٶݾĳƥȥ
֧֧
˼Ŀ෭ڵأڷĳУڿˤ˵ϡ
ſڵϿԼİĿѾһϢߵһȭͷ˵ϡ
̴ڣҪɱɱң
̴ࡣ
ۿŵһҳɣеĹա
Ӳã̴Ĺݺݵϴת㵱äԹ𣿡
ſڵϣָ
б۵Ÿ߸ϵ̴ڣЦǣû뵽Ѫ̴ڣҲᱻһŮﰡҵ֪⽭Ӣкˣ
㲻֪
⼸ǿˣ̴ڵϲŭֶǣţֻ͹һţӢ̴ڣɲţ㽫͸ңҺúð-̵-̰
ϵĹʹ̴֪ڵĶֻ֣ѹ
Լʹ죬Ҳ̴ںù
ɹ˵̴ĹݺݵĴȧϡ
̴۳ƺԵɣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
̴ĿƵӰϡ
޳ˣҲֻܿŲŵ죬Ĵҧˡ̴ڻĹϼֱָϵɣӢ֣˵࣡
˵գವһ£ɲ
ɫҰ׵˫ۣԵļ
ҧгݵĵ̴ڣ췢йӢӢӢӢ
֧߰ɿе֣ͣܣɵݾڵء
ɴ͵ƽڵأá
ŭٴμϵ̴ڡ
㲻˵˵̴ڰ̴ڣ̫СˣŲһ죬࣡
ֻ硱һŹҵĶѣһֻɵ˫֮䡣
ܵԵһ̴ڽĹˤϡ
ԸȻһ죡
̴ڵĻһ䣬šಡһһֻ𴩹̴ֱֱ֣ڵ
ͻĶ̴קһת㡣
ֻļڵϣɵ¶Ĳֵһ˿Цݡ
̴ϣ㲻ֵɵܡ
ͷֵܣ̴ڲź֪ﲻûûС
͵سӿϵĽ

벶ȸں󰡣ڵϺǺǵЦţָָԼǲ̴ָڣ̴ڲǻȸ
ŬҪȴ¿㶼ڵϡ
Ӷ䣬̴ֵ̯ڰ̴ڣ̫࣬ʤ˶ȣ޹ļ˵ţɱԩңϰԶ֣Ӳˡ
̴קһۣԼɱޣˡ
˺ûҪҪ󷢴ȱİ㰡û̴ڿڣŵҲлңֻҪѽӢ͸ҡۣۣۡ
Ӻݺݵɵ̴Цһ㻹룬βڼ°ɣ
˵գ̴𳤹ӣӽѥгһöذס
ӳذ״۵⣬̴ڴذ׵ķ⴦Ƴֱļ
Ծ̴ڼڿն𣬸ߵβ˦˻״
еذף׼ֵļ
һ߿̴ڲмҰ죬һڵһͣŤţ²ĽһѪ
ͣЪ̴ڽż̤ϣĿŵ˵ķ
κεڰܼĴ˷ǵ׼ȷλá
̴ڻӶۣļ𣬱İһ
̴ڣǹİɣˣɿŲԵļ𣬻𼱻ǵš
̴ڲԼֻ̧֣һھͱڵϵļһӡ
ɰԹĿԼܻĽֱߵļΡ
ˣܱԼǿ
ļͣ£ı㳯̴ȥ
̴书ڸǿƾһ֮Ҳ赲֮
̴ֻԼһ˺ѵʹһͷ㿴һƵѪڡ
һʱļıǼֻвһȭľ롣
̴ü
Яһֻȴ׼Ŀڴ
ʱֻʮӵİһֱļȻֹ
̴ֻڵһɲǣһ׼赲סļ𣬡ءһ˵ϡ
һֱڵͨɣҲڴӵվ
ֻԭµѾ˺ѵòӡ
̴ڵϣĿǰϡ
һ棿
ٺٺ٣𶯣ٶһ£СүĹɲǳصģ
ͻ̴͵תͷȥһ̧ۣƼһǱɣǰ
һϤĹĿĲϡ
̴꣬˫ۡ
ƣ
ȼ٣Ͽɱﰡ̴ڳԼͶĿ⣬Ԫ˷ԼظЦš
ǰһɣսĹ
ڻĽҰıϣ˵ӲСԪ˷´֦չӣ˭
һ۲·ĹЩᣬᰡ̴ڣ£
ǣֱϵĴСүҿ㼴ûı֮ģҲв֮İɡ
ŲӣмЦҵĲ֮ǻһһװʲô
Ԫ˷ϸϸĥĻȻ
ջĹڼͷ
ƵɵǰԪ˷һ´һ°͵˵׵ĳɣСүλ֮ˣȻŲһš
Ԫ˷ЦһҡͷѡǶأ
ЦɣԪ˷ŹתŻڵϵ̴ڡ
üë̴֡
̴ڵֳϥϣ˫ۣۿһĵơ
һֱΪһӢͻˡ
ϾԼɳȥرۿƲ׳ǡ
һͷڸԹ˳Ϸ
ԼС
Ŀưָ⣬̴һֻϸ۵֣ﲻζ
ϥϵ£մԼŵվԭԼǰ֣ƹ󣬰ֻڵϵ档
СүǴĥ˺üհˮɶСүҳԸɾˡԪ˷˷ܵľ棬ͷɫõ̴ڣϣԭ³һֱڱ߽ˣϿҪ
̴ĿƤЦⲻЦƣޱԼӵվ
ء
һԿڴɣĥͻȻֵӡ
ô죬ǲ
ɵ°ͣ˫ϸһۣԪ˷ϵ¿˸顣
ĿⶨʵЦϣϸϸԪ˷¶ݣһ˲ɵէ֡
͵飡
һڵĺܣȻûô˵ĳ࣬ǾһЦ¶İ϶û
ͽӢ͵ˡ

54

û뵽͵֮, ͷż֮ˣȻǾ
˵񣬻˵Ȼ֪ԷĴڡ
˼˼
ɹЦԪ˷Ťͷһıġ
һԼ, ʵô, Ȥ
ȴֳĬֻǶǣ͵Цͣ
Ԫ˷⸱ģ, Ż
һˣЦ˷ɧ
һûУ
úõһ׻, һ㶼֡
ʱ, ֻ߿һӥԪ˷ע⡣
̧ͷڰеɽӥ, ˷ܵúսһӱ
ֻԪ˷һڿշϣһ־棬һֵָĶˡ
Сү
ӢСѰʱ, ̴ֻż, վҼ֮С
ɹŻĲӣͷĿڴϡ
ǿɫֱͽֱߵûʲôֱ
ϣʮڰУͶﳤ档
Ԫ˷ڰлһշ, ȵ˵档
ôһˮĶһش̻Сը
СŴͣһ˫ֽקӢڣȫСǡ
ӣ˭˭
ӢҲһĿɿڴĿǰһУ˿û⵽СĿİ͡
ֻСһĿⲻԪ˷ϣ̴ڵϡ
ˣ
ɽӥһϵҽصҼ֮С
Ԫ˷ȥսƷȥķֻ֣ɽӥϲԼ棬һֻ
˭ȻСүһĿ죿
䣬ͼһſӵһͷǵࡣ
ϵһ棬׷ڵء
ϣꡣ
̴ڼԽԽˣüͷͨͨزݳ
̴żͷѪˮӢŵĿ첽ǰ
Ԫ˷һӢܹϲ֣Ц롭
ȴĿŽӢԽԼ˽̴ڵĻ
ϵЦ˲佩ӲԪ˷ŵתӢס̴ڵֱۡ
۵סȻȫǹģ
ĿӢ̴ڽнԶԪ˷ϿŵĹͨһ£˵ϡ
Ŀնȴֵѿ
ˣԼĵ鷢ˡ
Ӣϲˣ㿷֮ˡ
ô̴ܿСأ
ԼΪݺ͵λҪˣĵ˷
ı
ҲԲã˯Ҳ˯ãҪҪӸɽͷ
Ѿǧ࣬òߵǰߵߡ
ãȻ̴ڰȳ²ˣ
Ԫ˷ҪᣬҪʹһʱߴ˻
һͷʲôʱСѾͷ
СѾͷӲɾԼĹȻ˫ŵݵԼǰ
Ԫ˷۵С峺񣬽ӹСѾͷĹȴб˼֡
ллл㰡
Ԫ˷С˫ֱŽż⣬ͷЦš
лСżڵϻȦȦĿİͰ͵ļ˵ššʣǡ
û˵꣬С⴦һӰ
һ̧ͷԭվԼǰԪ˷ͲӰ
СŲԭת˺üȦ
һ𷽲ǸʱķɣСڵһºġ
˫ԼգͣĶŽš
*
ݳϯϣӢ̴ڵ࣬Űõļ
⵽ͶĸӢεĿһһԼϯŲȥ
ɸҲŲ˲һ磬ͱ̴ڿסϸǿӲ˻
Ԫ˷˵⸱ģͣͷ
Ӣ̴ڵĻԹͷŵ̴ô˲ִ֪磬Ǳ˰
̴ûɿ§ϵ֡
ûпӢȴ㴵ţͲۡ
Ӣһԭŵ⡣
ȥһѻɫķϣͶһɡ
Ӣ°ͣ˵ĵطһ
Ȼ󣬶˶࣬Ŀǰ
̴ڵȥҲûȵӢĵڶڣֻüëŤͷ
ȴӢĸζӡ
̴ںתͷܡ
һڶٿڡ
̴ĺңܡ
ӢŶ߿֨֨ȤŤͷȥ
ĿĿһӲĺң̴ڵˡ
ɢĺƤ͹ʣһ
ƣƣˡ
Ӣε֣ĺƤŪɾ
ô˿أ̴ɲ֪ߡ
̴ĿɨƵģͷơ
ǿ
Ӣ˴ĺƤƵġ
̴ɲ֪ߣ檿֪ߣ檲
̴ŤͷһӵӢϵĽЦһʲôˡ
סӢƣʮָۡ
̴תͷĿǰСȥ
ûãӢϯĽСصԼϯλϵķ
ڽͷ̧Ӣ˫ۣеĲյ
ԭԼΪǱؽչɵˣ˶ˡ
û뵽ȴǰ
ӢŷƼһĻ㲻پڣΪǰ̴ڵǰ˵ûˡ
ֻǷɵѡ˹ǽ
ѡǽ⣬ȴǲ˵ӡ
תһȦ괺ỹȺӢͣջٰ
࿴ȥ
ѻһ鲼ӵһ̺ɫĴ䳨
Ķ˵ˣӵұߵ̴ڵǰ
䣬ϡ
͹µ˹˳ϥ񣬶ŴǣЦϷʡ
˫§˵ļ򦣬ϣΣλ˿ɲߵλɣ
Ӣ欵̴ڵ࣬ӭƵĿ󣬲мһЦ
û̴ڿڻӦϯг
о仰ô˵ţҶҺ컨Ӭҹ࣬Сүҽ仰˼ˡ
Ԫ˷һͷЦ
תͷԼһߣԪ˷һ°͡
ҪСү˵λͬ˷Ĺȣǿɲ֮𰡡Ԫ˷ЦſɵɫԽԽѿ
ǰֽסٴﴵſڡ
Сүһֱڿ죬᲻˰ɣ
ɵԪ˷Ż·Ĺȥˡ
ԭ˷λս۵꽫
ƣȻ
ƳΧһݳϵٹ٣ôڳԼʵڲס
ҧгݵĵȴֻ
ͣ۾һת¶һ˿Ц
û뵽ﲻлϵĶ裬ԸΪͦ໤°ͣбϯӢ
ôһӢüͷ΢ĲԾĳЩ
һײ
ԼһˣԪ˷
вԼ
ʲô
ϴ̴䲻һӢ˸
ͷʮָ۵֣ﺹԼ
ͷӭ̴ڵĿ⣬Ӣ΢΢죬˿£
Ӣ̴ֻڵĿ⣬пԼòĵĻر̴ڵĿ⡣
ʲô֪ԼٵԼ׿ں˵һС
ҲգԪ˷Ѳϼһ̴Щ֪ҲãԺҲٺܶ鷳
Ӣͷĥţô￪ʼͣϯִԪ˷
ǾǳǻͷϵˣڻŻϣ쾭尡Ԫ˷ŲӣηĻӦ
ζߵԪ˷ǰתǰĳϡ
ѵԹŻ֮ģŶȣС˵ֻߣǱǣ⣿
Ԫ˷ץĻף˰գ־׼ͽס
׽ĻףҡͷֵԲӣȻǻòȴСүҵĲˡ
Ԫ˷ŤͷϯһѿӢԹ˵ﰡɫ㣬ӺݻСүϲĹﰡعأ־㰤ְҲɲ֣ˣЩɰ
Ԫ˷ϸ΢˵Ӣ￩һ£κġ
Ԫ˷ⷬϱӣδ˵
̴Ӣ΢΢ĺΣŵĺҿ֨һ÷顣
ȻζˣǱѰЩƵĹҹȥɵֳϣָ档
Ԫ˷Цҡͷ
ԼƣлˣֻСүˡԪ˷ںȾ˱еľƣɤˬ졣
յžһ䰸СүȢ

55

СӺ, ץ̣ġ
ˣ
Ҳ̫̫ʱˡ
Сĵף֪ЩĳֹһߣȻֲ촽, ͵͵Ԫ˷
, Ҳǿ۵ģ
һˤƱɺԪ˷ͣ˶Ի̴Ǵȥ
̴Եɱ, Ԫ˷ƳһԵӢ
ʹ², ͣС衣
Ԫ˷ַ䴦Ĺ, ϵЦݡ
Ӣʱģ
С
Ԫ˷ͷ̾˿, ϵľյӵվ
ͷһھƣЦϽѵ, ֪, ֪ˡԪ˷ߵ룬ԭתһȦָ˵Сүҷ˵˭ֻɽӥ, н͵ģСүĽأóѽ
Ԫ˷һѸٵĴϯϵΡ
ԭҶഭһµٹǣҲ׷һ
Ϸ룬λӢۺֻɽӥԭЦųԵ̫ξ˾˾յ̫ξ֮ˣȻӢ۰
̫ξԪ˷ӢˬĵͷҲԼСӰϲͷǿʤ
˵Ĺūֻɽӥʵǰ
Gɽӥôֻ𰡣
ûϸôһ˵ǡ
ӢŴǵ˽Ŀֻɽӥϡ
Ȼɽӥǰǵ˿⣬Ÿ
ϸţϵŵ̴ɫƮ
Ԫ˷书˷ǳ͵ģܺͬʱɽӥ˱¿ǲС
ֻԪ˷ǰֻ𣬽ϵɽӥ
ɽӥϸϸļ
Сү֧ˡԪ˷ٸɽӥȺתȦֻĹȣ׼д˹ˣǷ֮˭ļѽ
Ԫ˷ⷬݳϵ˿ʼѰϵ̴ɫƮļ
ֱȺĩˣһС
֣ǣ̴ɫƮȻõļ˲òడ
վڽӡ
㿡ɣʳ
ӢŲһ΢ԭ
ʶ
̴䲻һ仰Ӣתͷ
ֿһűƵӢһ£һЦ˳
ָһӣݵ̴ڵߡ
檵̴ɣô˭Ĵ׶أ
̴һüͷתͷȴǽ˺Ρ
ԥһ£Ӳ죬ԽӢеĹӡ
۾Ķݡ
Ӣ̴ڵǰָ̧֣ĲȥǵĹ
СָָףԴòĻǡ
ϼҵСӣϵˡӢЦۣ檵Ĺӣó𣿡
̴һ졣
ڵˮĹӣɴ˿ȴúģúܡ
һ̧ͦĨ͡
һ̴ţ԰ɡ
̴ںͮͮĶӢЦĽ次
̴һҪﳼ檵æ
һ̾ƣŽķüǡ
ͼٵ˲յԴ͵Ĳܸˡ
ģźӣתͷĿϡ
˭ҵСӣôǰû
СǫǰĹ̴ڵǰ
Ǳ߹ص̫ξſĿ⣬ϸĿ
̫ʷСӣܡ
̫ʷҵģ´һЩ̫ʷ֮ҲĹ٣ȻôһӢˬСӣϡ£ӿ̫ʷǼ秵ĸСгϢ
̫ξԣͷһ̾ơ
̧ͷһڹԵŮܣֹסĻϲ̫ξٴνĿСӵϡ
ͷţһҲӺļӲʡ
ּ˵ãСүÿҶٺúýһΣԪ˷Сӵļ
һĶ֣ǻϲ
СЦӦȴ֮
֮ǰϾ׼ⴺεͷ֮ˣϱһ󡣡ƵǵǰСӾܿڣ;Ůˣ϶׼ġ
ζЦţֱۻǰ
ȤĿ̴ϵѿֹȻɲܳأϣ˵ûɣ
ӭƵĿ⣬̴һ
Ӣ֣ʮָŷǰĳϡ
±˿Ƶġ
̴治ɫĴݵ˳ŵơܣǶ˿ֱԲ䡣
Ԫ˷˫һ֣Ծ̧סϵĹ
΢˼£ָˬʵЦݡ
Ȼ϶˽ڣǳֱԲˡԪ˷ͦصĿ̴ڣȥǰ
Ԫ˷仰̴üͷƽ
ΪʲôֵҪ
̴սӢ֣ͷӦ˷ɶõӢţղ˵Ҳǻ㵽ǰġ
ȥأһܻ
Խߣ߽Ӣ
һԵСŶǵĶԻ
̧ͷѰһϵķ򣬻ͷڵû䣬ֻãɽӥʵڲ䡣
һ׷㷽ŵļ޿ǳ֮ֻʱ
̴תͷһӢ
ԭнּܵӽΪ˸һˮɡ
̴ڵͷ΢Ȼ
ǲ޽վ͸ʱѵĶ䡣
ܵһ𾪣̴ڼ˵ͬһ͵ǰɣƣ㻹жٱ¡
ܻһʵû뵽ĺ»ͷϡ
ĿתһԵϣ¹ߵڵء
лϴ
ӢŤͷ̴ڣϲ
Լͼ̴ȻģȻӣȥһ̫ʷ֮ӡ
Ȼ㶮Լ
ӢɫЦݣ̧ŹлСӡ
ϣ檰ţѵÿĲſվú³˫ɡ
ӢĻͬС͵͵۲תһͷЦɬ
к飿
Ӣĵ̴ڵֱۣĿ⿴Сӡ
оŻϸϹ֮檾ź³˫Ϲһ֮˰ɡӢϹ͵̧ͷԼеĻϲԶ
ӢָԼķ˿üһ
ڽͬһķ۾һת
СӢˬƽˣ£ǸԵ
һ䣬Ӣ͵̧ͷԼɫ˲ŵòҰס
ҧ˲촽еĲյ˵ϡ
Ӣ˫ۣ޴Ŀһ۰ŵĵͷ
Ӣƽĸ֣𾪵ĲзһżĲվϡ
ӢⲻϵĻţֻǾĶŹڵϵСӡ
ֻСӹڵϣϵļǣӲɼ
ĬãСӻ̧ͷĴˡѴ
ܣΪָ飬ȻʶôǾƽ䲻㣬Ҫ˱棿Ӣװߵ
ֱӣĿᶨ
ϣƽãǲ棬ֻǡСĿתϣֻǲˣҲͬһȢ
ӭڵĿ⣬۵飬ĵѻһ̲ˮ
ŶӢĿܣ׷ʵԭǱԧˣ֪ļҵĹܻСӵŵԣҲԸһº
ֻСָ֣ϵλá
֮ˣǰƽ
õСĻشӢ¶˵óЦݡ
װ֪תͷϣڵ֪СӵˣǱӣӢԾͣ̽öСӡ
Ӣı飬ĵһ׹
ߵĵͷСӲ˫޶ãϲ
ЩѰˣ½һĸ֮ý֮ԣͻϳŵý壬³񣬻Ҫĸ֮Ӣźҡҡͷתͷϯ̫ξ֪̫ξΰ

56

ֻ̫ξϯλ, Ųŵǰ
ͷŹڽűߵܣԼĺ롣
ϣɷϳ仰
õ̴ڵĬ̫ξŵϵܡ
̫ʷƳѧ, Ϸһϰ, Σ
ӦιܰܼΪϼ˱㽫ѧλ, ˷ѣܱ, ڡ
һ͵, ײɱˣ֪̼Ůм, ɱΪ治ѶΪ֮о
ܴ𣺡Ǵǰ, ʤ顣ɱ߳, ̰ﵱꡣ˷̩񰲣ιеٸԻտã֮
̫ξ΢΢ףĿ⿴ϡ
Ϸ, Ϸ֮㵱ŮΣ
̧ףϣһһΪޣΪŮһȫ
Ӣͷߵϣ޶ĺɾϵ۹⼫á
ΪޣΪŮ
ܶϣõˡ
ϵһģûиˣá
ӢϺʧ񣬶Ե̴ڽ֣뿪
СӵӦ̫ξ˶ᡣ
̫ξºӣָһԶӵġòͷ
ƼϵĶ𣿡
СŤͷָŵķȥ
ȥɣȥһϲġ
С΢΢һ㶣ߵǰ
⵽ĽʯСһ۱öϡ
Сö˫
ѡˣˣ̫ξߵԣͷű䱦
С׵ͷе鼸˳
ţġ
ãⶨ׵СӿҪպã˿ɾҲûĺˡ
СӾ̧ͷ̫ξϲ˵ˡ
ûع񣬱㱻̫ξŸ첲ק̴ڵǰ
ϿеϲվҲȴɬС鲽̫ܵξܵǰ
̫ξһȲֳĹıӡ
ŮһŹӶûС
Ϻ֪ĵͷϺġ
̲ס̧ͷźһ¶ɬܡ
ϣ׮Ϸͬˡ
*
Ӣ˵强
ǻҪСӺƽ˵ףŻˡ
ӢЦ֡
㰡㰡˵ٳСӵĺ£ôű
ֻɬĵͷһСйص飬ͺͿúܣһʱû׽ĺ⣬ɲܹҰ
ӢĴһţЦҡҡͷ
ͿˣǸ֣ӹŮһǸˣûСӶǺ֮ǰܽ㰲ĵĽ
ڽãҵСΣ
ӢһӣŲƲƲɣͨĿˡ
Լҵԧ죬Ϊ˱ǰ̹׶ϵ⡣
տڲᣬӦ˺ͷ£ϵģԼҲԲȫϵԵ
ãҲǸ֮ˡ
ϿӢͷļͷ
ٺãҲȲϽ̴ѽ
ðСѾͷȡЦˣӢһϵա
һһ߽УÿԹ壬϶ԽСӶҵ٣ôãûлأ
㻹СŮ⻹˽⣬һһԺûлȨġ
ӢĻĥһᣬҡҡͷ
Բӣ鰮ͲĲͬûӮģϲһˣ޲ðĶ䣬Ӯأ
Ӣʹ˳˼ĸ첲
ҿȻ곤꣬ڸȴǲҵġϽͦŲӣȤǲŮ֮أ㡭ûϣ
ӢϵĴȤҪܻĴְ壬ͼһתɵĶ㿪ˡ
ЦΧԼתȦȻͣԼһѱסԼ
ʲôСӣռıˣӢ֣ûʲô񱡣
ͻ§֫Žʱɻ˳
Ӣ۾һת̴ںûôԼ
ŶԣڴϣԼ˯
˯ȥˣﻹǵʲôо
Ӣͣװ򶨵Ϸˣﻹʲôңűú˳챻ˣ
Բԣֺ˳κģƮƮġ
Ӣȵϵ֣򶨵Ŀ
ͻϵ飬ͲҪˣͰĲٰСӵĻ°ɣɱ˱档
Ӣ˫ֻǰվԭĴš
һһֱû̴ڵӰҲûѰԼϡ¡
ͤ⣬̴ÿᣣһ۾ͿڷϣԼԪ˷
ĶԪ˷Ҳһ
һͷ̴ֱ䵭Ŀ⡣
Ԫ˷ҧڳݼһ۽̴ۣĿ£Ƥϡ
һ˲䣬ԭڴһ롣
ɨһȦϵġͷϸϸĿ˸飬ҲûҵӢµǰ۽ۡ
ϣôˣԪ˷ֵľٶ׽һ۽ۡ
̴̧Ķ˫սȭ
Եʲô
Ԫ˷һͷˮգգ۾Ƥٿ̴ڡ
ӰԪ˷Ż˵̫ˣϯֳˣڿʵܣ鱦淢ӣǽ˳ȼüȿȿȿȡ
Ԫ˷û˵仰̴ڱ󲽿絽ǰ
ס򦣬Լﻹûȥӣ˸һɶ
Ӣ̤ͤʱ򣬾ͼ̴Ԫ˷ĲӣͷϵԵͻ
Ԫ˷һߴ̴ڵ֣һͣĸŻš
жྪ㤡
ϣʲô
Ӣŵǰٵɫѿ̴ڣקԼ
̴⸱ģӢ뵽˺þ֮ǰķ
̴Ѫȣɱϵһģ
һʱ̴ڵӣӢµĴ˸
üС̧ͷ̴ڵı顣
ỹΪһɣ
ΪԪ˷Լ̴Ҫɱ
Ԫ˷ҵĿ˺һ󣬲ֱ棬̧ĨһԼǡ
ϣʲô𣿡Ԫ˷޹ԼĲӣǳһӰ
ӣ
ӢűԪ˷Ͱ͵Ƥֿһ۵ϱ³˵⡣
üͷ滺
Ӣͷ̴ڣ͵͵һЦ
֮ǰ˳Թ϶ǵĽԻ˶ӣԲһʱżģҪϡӢЦųԪ˷ʾ⡣
ӢɫЦݣԪ˷һӵıƲźһЩ
̴СᵣԼһǽӢΪ˵û
Ԫ˷ƲƲ죬İɣϵ⣬ס
ΣýӢΪѡ
ûסıƣİһ̴ڡ
һ̴ۣûƼȴӢһ
ԷԪ˷ֱһ˵ʲôĻӢεЦ˼㽫̴Ƴͤ
ڲݳʯ·ϣ«έҰ
̴ȥӣ˲ͬУڹ⣬ͷһΡ
ӢԵЦ̴ͣ˽Ųͷ
Цʲô
Ӣ̧¡
̴ɣǺʱӵģô֪
ӢЦ̴ۣԵһ
תͷʱѺһƬ
̴ڲӦԼԹԵǰߣӢüǣЦݡ
ٳδĽŲ̴üͷһٴͣ˽Ų
һתӢԼǰ
޼ɫҰЦֵ̰Ľ次
̴ɣҺÿ𣿡

57

̴ڴ޼ժǶҰ, Ҷӣת
гӢһнʧȥɫ
Ұת΢
̴ô˵Ӣĸ࣬Ųӿ, òÿ
̴˫ֵ, յָ⣬ǶҰ
̴ڲ˵ӢƵƵǰ
ǿ̵Ц, Ӣ͵Цǰһ
̴ɲ˵ǾĬඡ
һ, һֱŵ˫쵽ǰ
ŲһֻѩɫǶ, ڽţ̴ڵβϡ
̴ǡ˱Ȼѽ
ӢЦ, ̴̧֣ҪժϵĻǶ䡣
ȴӢһץס, ֹסĶ
ÿ, ̴ɲժ
̴ڶŽߵḶ̌Ῡ»һ¡
ŵԱߣһ䣺ɣɺͳ
̴ֻɺͳ檣ûб, 檲ܣ̴ɾǲժ
Ӣץ֣ĳҡͷ
̴һԽܣӢЦݣڽŴյĶߡ
ǳ檵ĳŵ̴ɲܾܾġƳ̴еĲ⣬ϸѻɫòͷ
ͷ̴֣ɫһǲԾĲ
زסЦݣһ㱩¶ӢС
̴ڻعָֻյ䡣
˫§Ӣϸ࣬ԼĻ¡
ӢŸһأ̴ڱŤ
С۵ӣӢ۾ĵһ
̴ִڵԼǶСִ̧Լķϡ
°һӢЦݵ̴ɲϲ𣿡
ͷС̴üһ
˫֣ǰڵǿǿɡ
ӢıӰ̴ֻǰ̧ϵĻǶ䡣
Եﰴѹ˼¡
ӢͣóѵСֹţϲúܣķǣ
ǰ̴ڵıӰӢĿͷϵһƣ䡣
ĵףʹ˷ϵЩ
ԼôҲǻôСѾͷȻЦԼŮ֮²ϡ
治ϣ̴÷İȣͶԼĻأ
һ뵽̴ڶԼ˳Ӣ̲סĵͷ͵Ц
°ͣ˫һС
Ǳ㹴һ˿Цݡ
ӢЩĸ̴ڵĽŲ
̴ں޷ʱһ§ס
оǰ̴һͣס˽ŲӢĺ󱳡
ıϲ˲䣬Ӣ۾һת˫ҵλá
ָо
ӢʹȻ˫սһЩ
ûдҲûƮƮ
ȻǣΪۼΪʵ
Ӣźķ֣һҡͷһƵ̴ڵǰǰš
ͷŽµʯӣ«έء
ӢֹϻĿţ´μʱҪúõЦȥ
Ӣ
ţ
̴ڵӢͣ½Ų
תͷһֱֻ۴ı۰Ժᴩס֫
Ӣŵûһ㣬̴ڵǰ


ĿڴİӢ͵۾յ촽Ծ΢΢¶϶
̴ۿӢ䣬°͵ͷͷĽë
Ծҧ촽һɿ
۵Ĵ꣬ڳݼ䵯
̴ס˫ۣѾõЦݡ
ף͵͵Ӣϵ

̴ס۾Ӣʲôɶϴ̴ڴȴ
Ӣֻûֵģһ˲ûˡ
ǧĲ˫ţá
ϵһֱֱļ⡣
ͷǻŲӲӣɫʮ֡
ϣūſҵˡ
¹˦ķ«έ̽ͷȴײ档
̴Ŀԣ¹ûϵǧѵӣԼ
¹ԶԶ̴ǰԼ⣬תȥ
һ뵽̬һЦת˻
ԶΪѵĳϲ̴ɿ˱Ӣ˫֡
Ӣʧģ̴ڿһ̯ġ
֡
ӢһߵĻܴднɢ
ָⲻܿص̴ڵģ߬ĵ֮С
ӢԣֲסԼĿڡ
ֲҲŲʹ
ⶼͨͨþˣôͣ
Ӣ͵͵ͷһ̴ڡ
ձ㿪ʼյܡ
ĿҲȷţˡ
ϵЩӢһԼͻķӦζʲô
ץԼڣ͵ҧס´޲ý½
¹ǰ̴ڣָͷϵĴ󻨹Ƕ䣬Ŀࡣ
ʣϣ⻨ǡ
̴Ƴһ۳ϲַ̧ͷĻ
˵ʲôţ
¹һ鴤͵һӢͷϵСæֵ֣˶
ͷϵһ䣬ֱǻ㾦绢
ų¹߳ƨӢһЦ˳
*
ƻ룬Ҳ֪¹̴˵ʲôͼ̴ɫѿ뿪ˡ
ʱԼҹǵѬ㣬ó档
ɪУСѬ¯ùСľСŲҩ
Ӣڰ˽ǰĻ汾
׵Լһ֪⣬ڻлơ
ӢŹ£ȤЦţ΢Ŀ
ᣬһأظΡ
Ӣüһ򷼹ùʹ˸ɫеĻ汾˲
߽йЦ΢΢ס
й׼ʱ
һڣйڵأݵū澲ʳ֮ˣū澴ʱū澾ʹʱ
ӢĶյͷһСڡ
ڣӢͬС˸
ֻСĴӽóһֽݵӢǰ
ӢһۻڵϵйֽϵĶƵǰ
йͬ˵ĻϸˡӢй̧ͷ˵ţͬ㹲һֻҪ
Ӣָ棬ЦֻҪйԼǩֻѺȿɡ
йĿֽϣһ˿
ڵϣԼϸϸĿС֡
йڹ⣬иܵܶ԰ɡӢ˴ȵĲˮ˵ԺĽΪ
й̧ۿӢһۣͷԼ
оûа˿Ļźͺ¡
ҪԼдĺ˺󣬱㲻˵Ͳ˵Բαʵڲƭߵûʲô̵Ҫ󣬵ǰԱĲ
յӢ˫ֻǰ
ñƭҪйĵܵܣ뵽͵ġ
йеԼϣӢڵϣйͱĽ˱¶ϣйúΪ˧֮
һ䣬йӵ϶ׯ
˫ֽǰתСȥȡɰ
СƬ̣ȻĵͷٵĽһɰϡ
Ӣ°ͣŴǣȤζĶǰй
ֻйСľڣëԼдԼָ֣մɰԣӡ
̣ûаԥ
ӢԼ飬ָԼա
йӦ˾ñˡ̧۴йϾԼ飬й˵ûʲôôԡ
йʹūҵҪū澲ܾ
ӢϸϸĿϱԼôûע⵽⹬ﻹйˣ
ûӢڣй̧ͷӭĿ⡣
ᶨ
ңɷġй΢ֺͽĵЩ飬ᷢū澵İģĿܡ
ŶйţӢ˼Ŀ
ػһεԼûʮİգܶӮϸŮ
йȻ˵ƶ
ūŶûУͲλˡ
йЦ˵꣬ǰһ
½࣬óһŵõֽ˫ֵݵӢǰ
⣬ūõԼ飬Ŀ
Ӣֽĵɴ˫ۡ

58

Լϵּ㡢
ֵıȻ, ûаĹ̳ͬһ㡣
Ӣһվǰ˶йп
ȻǼ˰
Ӣ˵ʲôû뵽йҲͬԼһ㣬ǰһԼ顣
𾪵, Լϵݡ
ӢԭΪ, йԼһдһЩҪ
ȴû뵽Լ, ֻȼС
ȴһ
Լϳд֮潻ŵ, һÿҪ⸶ʮӡ
Ӣ𾪵̧ͷ, ʮҪôʲô
ȴйӭĿ⣬üͷ΢֪, ū澵ĵܵǿԺģûū澵ķ֣Ժ벻ġ
й׼˵ţҶʮҲ, ūƽʱÿµ
, һŮÿжʮӢŵĵɴ˫ۡ
ӢߵķùúС˶䡣
йƽӦūйȻֻǸŮȴǹŮе, Ҳź˾ЩС£Ȼ
й˵ЩӢһ
йŰ壬ԭҲǸʮˡ
˵ԼĻ治ɫ
йȻ򵥰
Ӣֹʱ⴦Ƴй̧ͷĿԼ
ﲻǳʮӰɣ
ùʮţһëˡ
ӢͦŲƲ
ʮԼԲ࣬úɵķͻԵøĿ
ӢĿŵľϻӣԾҧ촽
ҪԼЩˡ
Ҳգ᲻úײ
Ӣ½ĿתԼ飬дţйκβ⣬ҪԼΨһĵܵܡ
˽ˣӢɻľǽԼĵȫ̸֪
һεˣľǷ֮Ĳޡ
йȴԼٿࡪչֳ
ӢԼ飬˫ۡ
ĵ׶йһֱĲΣҲ֡
ӢеëʣʼҪԼϣȻʲôü΢
ëܣӢԼ飬սһԵ
ȼȼ£Ӣϸǰҿš
ȷԼûгʲôµּӢһֱŵģŰ
ģū澲мЩֶΡ
йĻӢûü˵СͷͻĽ
ҹ񲻼ѣйдСɣĵطǻ۾
˵գС˫̨Ӣֱơ
ӢͷСӣǴ۶ϲ
Ѿͷʵϣй֡
ӢëʣԼдԼ֣ӡ
ϲаڷŵԼ飬Ӣ°ͣЦ˿йͱƵúܡ
й̧Ƴһۣ侲˵ǡ
ӢϸϸָԼ飬ŵ֮ϡ
ֽȼĻ磬ѾյֻʣһԼ飬ùýŵߵӢࡣ
ǡ
Ӣյֻʣ߽ǵֽ
˦˦ָ⣬ûδվı߽ڿУ˲仯ΪС
ȽȽϵ̣Ӣ°ͣй
йãΣ
йףӦãū˼һޡ
Ρ
ʱģ
̴ڸϵʱΧʬǰļ˷׷Ϊÿһ·
ι̵һ̿͡
ʱ̴ڼĴ̿ͣѾĵʹͷӿѪһֱʵ档
ػϣ̿ʱġ
̴üͷ˵̫ξ
ҧԾ
ҲԪ˷ʯǽϣͷԼ˫֣ųϸˣͷڡ
Ԫ˷ԵСһüʦ˵˵
ʦ̴֣ӣıġ
ܺʱʦˣͬɻ̫ξһźӣһʵ
Ԫ˷̯֣ʦͶ̫ξ˵£ԺСүȻʦֵư
Ԫ˷һסܵļ򣬺˲ͷ
ʦܹԣԺʦ㣡
̫ξӵ۾šԪ˷Ķ䣬ϵԼǰ
ϷĺùүƤݵ÷
Ԫ˷Ŷ䣬ίͰ͵Ĩһᡣ
ʲôǵﲻˡԪ˷ԼĿڣţСүҵСĶˡ
εЦţͷ
ת̴ڣϣΪ̿ͲҧԾߵʬһ࣬ϥ¶ףѪҺʺںɫжļ󣬶̿ͱץסһֱѺΡ
Ĵ۲һ
Ӵ̿ͱץжΰص˷ˣͶĿܡֵܵס򦣬˼
˵Ǵ̿Ⱦͷ˶ҩ
ɴʯϴҡڵ
Ƴһ۵ŵʬ壬סԼĿڱǡ
ɱɹƾýҩʧˣͻѪҲõĴ̿ͻԼ
һ˵껰Ŀ
üͷһԽֶΣǱǰùġ
ϣʾ֭Ҫ˭Ԫ˷ſڣȫִӣϷʵĿ
ɸ˵껰̫ξ̧һƣĺϡ
Ԫ˷˾һżӣһ߿ɥ
ȫȻһίСϱģ
ȻǺޡ̴Լ䣬⡣
תƽߵɵ࣬˦һ䡣
ͽ޹
˵գ̴ڲķתͷ̫ξʲôûӴ̿ʳ𣿡
̫ξҡͷӦһ䶼ûУЩֻ̿ôһڣҲˡ
Щ޵ļأ
̴ڵĻ̫ξԥһ£ͷػϣԭЩϳɻûϳȥ飬ͶҪˡ

̴ڵ˫֣ĵһ֡
ҧгݡ
һ̴̧Ŵ󲽣Ȼ߳Ρ
ϢԺ䣬̴ûó¹˵˫ƿ˷š
ӳıǰ̫ʦϣ˻ƣƣҲ硣
һĻ档
ſ̴һˣû¶ľȣ䱾һ»˵ա
ʲôǵСϴˣ
η̴ɨ򼸸ˡ
Ƿ׷ʶȤļϵٵ˳ȥ
ֻڰˣ·ûͱס˼򣬰ػС
׵ˣ˷ɣſϣȤζĳ°͡
§𻳽ߵˣ˴멡
յͷĵͷЩˣиζϷ⡣
̴ڵ˫֣Ƕ˵Ľ̸ɫԽѿ
΢ͷһۻڿ̸ɡ
ӭ̴ڵĿ⣬ָԼ촽룬󳯰ε̯˫֡
Ҫ˼𣬿ǲʲô
̴ûкĿżɽʵ
ź룬Ŀǰ̴ڡ
ƺԤϵ̴ڻԼ⡣
һϸĲһֳֻС˴˸ָ
ûãС˱һߵ˰ࡣ
ɱϵļȫһֻ
ĴָԼĶǣһޱ̴ڣɢĴ̫ʦֱӡ
ץһһȫ̴ڵĽ¡
Ÿڵأ̴÷ϣһ衣
ŵҡȣһ۽ϸȫȻһɽۻӡ
վ̴Ԫ˷üͷһɴ˫ۡ
ʱ˵İײУ˷νȨߣһ졣
Դ˷ԶıŰ
ڿİȻǺʹеһģһ
Ԫ˷ԾĹüëšһ
Ů̴ߵ
ǽӢ˷аӹ
СӢ̣ͬϸŮȣǾֻ˳С򣬻û̵֣
ͻŮĶ֣
Ԫ˷ԽԽѹĵ׷ģƱҪѽӢȥ
ϷֻûϿϸЩǲԭļϷûǵ֮¡
̴Ƴ۵µļ
Ԫ˷űߵһֻϸ۲һᡣ
ָתһԪ˷־׼Ľס
ϣֵЩû쵽̴ڵǰָŵһ˿ϣϵӣء
Ԫ˷̧ϵѿúܡ
ԵѣƵ̴ָļ
ֻëƳɣβõǷѼϵë
̴һĲۣ֧ȡ
ëǷѼݹ£ӵģΨ࣡


59

˼, Щ̿ͣɱ޵ģ
̴ڵͷеļɫ
ֳŶͷĿʼ̴ڵϡ
̴ת˲ŵϸ΢仯Ź
յ˫˱ǵĲ, ˲, 
ȻʽϽϷ̣ܽϵİΣϷĵģȻŹκ˿
յžһ, һ˦ڣ̫ʦϡ
ʵ˷, ʾ, Ǻİʾ֮δ̹, ȻҲɱּù顣
̴ŰϬԴǣָ
ָµĴֲڣ̴ڽüͷƽ
ļ, ݸԪ˷, ڵƾֻ𣬾Ͷ϶⣬δЩǣǿ
̴ƽĵͷһڲˮȴԪ˷
̴˲ģüһ, Ϸ˶϶ȻΪ⼸̴ֻƵһЦ˵ţϷǼʱն˴ģЩһֱû߻ϣҲǲòûˡ
֣յķű㡰֨߹һƿ˷϶
һС˵ͷһľϻӣ˰ֱߵķϡ
һץŻ˵ļһľϻӵĸӡ
Ӵ򿪵һ˲䣬ľϻż㣬Ŵķ磬Ʈ˵ϡ
ŵżϵּԪ˷¶˻š
дӢţ
̴ڵĿһľϻӣ治пαϣ˫ȴץµľˡ
Խء
ͷŶ˵ˣɷҡŵĶȣһż㡣
˺ŷһǣ˦š
ϸϸϵݣ°ͣϷʵ¼䣬дôѿ
ɵĻԪ˷һۣҧÿ֨֨졣
û۹ĶСүǱʷۣ
Ԫ˷˫ۻǰȴֻվ̴ڵװһкԼ޹ء
̴ڶյԪ˷¶һ˿Ŀ⡣
˭ּ°ͣһѵһľϻӣɶĸǹİ
һĸֻ֣ͷϸһš
ﲻֵͣӢãζġŶһ
ľϻһż㣬ݵ̴ڵǰ
ϾͲ棬Щдʲô˭дģ
̴ƳŰţӢļ֣Ĳյϡ
ӢŵЩţЩƼĸš
ÿһⶼ顣
дЩʫ䣬Լܵ
̴ڵĿһϻӵżϡ
޵ʱԼΪûһѻ𣬽Щۻ֮յһɶ
̴޲ĽӹţĵĴ򿪡
ϵݣ̴ָһ۵ӹһ˿
Ԫ˷ǰѰ˼ſԼһţΪӢΧ
ɵϵʱüһ
ԼôǵãʱӢ˷ĵؽͼ
˷Ļʹûȥб»⣿
ĿתһԵ֣Ԫ˷˲׹
ּȷʵԼּûݣȴԼݡ
˿ģԼּҪӢһıѹ
ֻⱳ߻֮ˣ©ؼϸڡ
дӢţÿһŴֻһԲȦ
˿ǲһʣȴͽӢСǺš
Ԫ˷ԪһԲȦ
Ϊ˺ԼԲȦƣýӢԷ״֡
ЩûлԲȦţǳ֣
ϿɿϸˣŲӣ˷ĵؽͼѾֺ˵Ȼ򵥰
һ̴ĵؽͼȤζЩֻἰӢ֣ȴûдˣ֪˭ĸģ
ֻ࣬һֳҲ̫ӾһȻĵӣźӼ˵屧̫ӾλĴ㣬ǽԼĵչ嵽˷Ǵ˻֮ģ
ǰ㣬˫ֽ汧ȭǰ
ϣ˵ȻŮã
һԪ˷Цһ
ȫˣЩ߰飬ı֮ˣˡ
ɱ̴ڣ࣬αš
ҪӢһˮ
Ԫ˷ڣ룡
Ԫ˷׼һӵĳ֮ʣҪΪСӢ֤ס
ſ죬һֻûĳ˻һ
ŵؽͼ̴ڵ˺롢İ롭ü룡
Ԫ˷ͷ̴ڣŵһ͡
ϣʲô
̴ڵľٶһϡ
ŵûһµ˰ĻС
֪ëҲöֽ˽⡣
̴ھ˺ֽ۾
֪ʪΪƱţֽżӺΪ㣬˷ֽȴһֱ㡣
̴ڽе˦Ԫ˷
ȵֽԪ˷Ŀ̴ڵĺס
ֽǴġ
Լ˶֪飬̴֪
治ɫ̴ڣɫԽѿ
Ƹľϻϣйƶˡ
һ̫Ӿƻǣ˷ֽţҪɣſһЦȴû㵽һɽһɽߣƣ
Ԫ˷ŰԴ䣬޲ýˮȫõͷϡ
ǰһҪͰֱۣ۾ͱ̴һץס
Ԫ˷㶵ĵͷһ̴ڡ
̴ֻץһקֹǰ
̴бĿ𺡣
£̴ֻǶС
Ԫ˷һã˻ԭأ̴ڲջؾĿ⡣
̴ڴݵһڲˮ󣬿ڵϲˮ
˱ĵĿУ¹ˮߵ̴ڵǰ
ˮأ¹ͷ̴ڡ
̴Ĳյ¹Ƴͷ
̴Ŀ£¹תͷֱߵš
ֵͷֱߵˮȻĵͷ
¹ߵ࣬˦ķūſɷҪһţ
̯֣ĿһԵ̴ڡ
ˮɣʵ˽Ӣֻͨ·һ
Ҫ̴ƿСʲôӡ
õ׼¹Сһţ𿪡
˫ţ̴һԣŷŽˮ֮С
˴ԼյĹֻˮϣֳ˷еıǡ
ŵı仯ҡŶȣָ⻮ǡ
˼
¹ˮ̳ţ̴ڵǰ
̴Žֵ︡ӡǣȻˡ
ŰǱ΢򦣬¹ۼתųʵǰ
ԭгİٿֽϵӡǺĽüšһ
˱ץӤһġ
û뵽һ裡
̴̧ڣѹŭ
֪ЩţǴӺδ̴ӭĿ⣬Եӡİ
Ԫ˷ŲӣϵӡǣЩϤܾ
ϷȻʶƽŭ治ɫǹټֻֽ˷веֽš
ţǵѾͷȡģҲ͵һݣҲһЩ¿Ļ
ľϻţʴдġ
ÿһֶԭһģһΪ˵ȵʵʱýӢ޷ء
û뵽ȴֽϡ
ƹܹټֽŵĹԱ
ǼȡֽԼ˲ְء
ǲ֣ǾζдǳԹУ˶ԽӢӺ
Ӣ
ɫĿʪ͸ţĵĲյ
ûмӦŵ飬һƳתƻЩ֤ȷ䣬ºѲ˹ϵڶЩѹΣϸʰɡ
̴ڳٳٲ͵İ
ĳ˦ſ䣬ˣȥǸŮѹΣϷԿ


60

һ, Сȥ
ߵ̴ڵʱ޷һźݾϥϡ
ʱֻСһſصļϡ
̴ƽջĽţӺŵǣŭĿԲƿ˻ˣߵ̴ڵǰ
, ҪΪһŮ, ˷İΣ𣿡
һȭֱߵķϡ
ʱ̴ֻڶˣһȭͷԥ̴ڵϡ
Сʵ۹ǳӲ, ԼҲ
̴ûа˿η壬Ļ˫, ۿſڵϵСˡ
ӷҲ˵, Щ֤ɱѹˡ
̴ڿ⽫ҧø, Ԫ˷һͷϸϸһֱļ
̴ڽֻݵԼ֮, Ϊ֮
Ԫ˷תļ, ӡ
ǲԼʲôؼϸڣ
ë񡢷Ѽ
Ԫ˷һĵֹţһָżϵ·
ָµĴֲڣԪ˷ɫһΣéٿ
عѾҧгݵľ̴ڵ½, нɱ⡣
̴ڣǹǲǣ
ͳԪ˷ȴһ
Ŀ˵̴ڵ½Ԫ˷ٵǰһеļļͷڰĲ
ͷȰǲҪĺá
Ƴһ۲ϵļĿ⻺ͶԪ˷
ɿק̴½֣мһЦ
ǰյĹ򣬾ΨǴӡ̧֣ƿ˲ϵļ𣬡ֻĹĹ
Ű裬Ԫ˷Цָתֻ
ǲ֪СүһֱڱӾ¶޵ıˡԪ˷ڷϣҽŲأԣоƺȣʲôã
һԵûסһЦȻȤܱȱһֻһԺȮء
Ԫ˷һϡ
լĹܺȮȣԪ˷ſڣͼӴ׵СүǻǷ򡣡
Ԫ˷ֵˬ졣
Ҫ˵Ԫ˷æתãϸĺãץˡ
Ԫ˷еļȻԪ˷ε̾
һ
üëһָ
ȷëûֻë񡣡
̴治ɫĺŲˮԪ˷ⷬ󣬴ǲ΢
ŰٴθֻԪ˷ƶ˵СүҴС߹ϴ۽һǷ
Ԫ˷ʼû߶Ŀ̸̴еĲյžһڷϣ˵ص㡣
Ԫ˷ƲƲͣ˵ʪ󣬵ؽڵëˮִ󣬴ԲЩŴֲڣۿɼ·Բëơ
ļ𣬶Źĵطתţϸϸ·
ȷʵ·
Ű۾ӣ̴䡣
ָʹЩ̿ʹɱԼǰ˿̶Ȼ¶˷顣
̴˫ֽŷϥ֮ϣ˼
ȲɣҲǰ
Ǳ֮ˣ˭
·ëҵǺԪ˷°ͣϸϸĻš
ͻȻһէ֣Ԫ˷´ȣСүˣ֮ǰڱʱһСүҺͼС͵͵Խ˷ı߽磬ȥֵǱ͵ƺȣֵбĲУưǲȵСүǡ
˵ص㡣̴Ԫ˷һۡ
Ԫ˷±Ǽ⣬˵ţֵǱߵĵؽֵľë񡣡
ֵ˷򣬹ճ㣬ָпֵܳӡɸһϸһۣĥ
ֵУ
̴֣۵˲𺡣
ֵ˵ƣֱһսǽǰ
ڼ֮飬Ȼǰˡ
ϱֱһսз飬̴˫ֽһĵĲ
Լ׼߸Ӣ֤ȫ𴩣߶ȫдϡ
Ϊ˲̴׷ȥҲֻþʹա
ϾԳӢᣬֲôһΡ
ֻǿļһ˿ЦݣԼĺӣֵЩ֪ôĵ񣬸÷˷ǵԼＸˡ
Ƴ̴ڣЦϷдһż㣬͵ֵȥǵֵԸл
ֵ֮£ز̴֡ͷĿԣֺã࣬𣿡
¶Ц⣬Ȼ鶼ˣȻ
ǹأ
˵ЦģȻס
̴ڿŰȫȻõӣ˫һ˦ӵ
վڰ࣬ȴûпһۡ
ֻ֨һӲĵͷһ̴ֻڵĽ£ѳ롣
޸գ֮ʱϣľϻζ
˵գ̴ڱ߿˽¶ѵļ𣬾̤˰Ժ䡣
Ԫ˷Ҳ뿪󣬰Ż̧ͷѪ˫ɱ
Եķ˵ϣѵľ˲Ĵ
ͷ̫ʦɪɪˣֱ˹ȥ
һץס˵ķ٣˲ϡ
ҵĽķ٣ڿˤ˵ϣȻǽӶȭߡ
ڷйŭʱǵϵҲһѪûϢ
Žűߵʬŭһƨ̫ʦϣ̧ˤֱߵĲյ
ӽ
˷Ƶֺݺݵһ˵ϣ߽Сˣǹţһ͵ֵһ⣬ȥ
˫ֽһֱϵͻ
ñ˷ˣ·һ
ɱڵĶŽʬ塣
ǳ׿ˣ̴ƿСҪ
ҺԼԣҪ̴֪˷ľ˭
˷Ļʵۣʱˡ
*
ɪСԺ͵͵ͿۣǽǴͨһ
ȥ̽һһ˵ϡ
ӢĶеޢ֭ſڴȥ
˫Ÿͣżű汻ƿ
һҹԪ˷Ӣɴ˫ۣܾ˺һ
˵صҲ̫ˣСүǷ˾ţ֮Ԫ˷ں÷ţ˫ǰӢ
ӢüëæתںĴӣȷûиǽ͵˺ߵԪ˷ǰ
Ԫ˷Ƿҹܽҵķ˷Ҿǳһ춼˵ˡ
˵ʱԪ˷Ϊʵû뵽࣬䱾ˡ
Ԫ˷ֵߵǰԼ˱衣
͹²ˮ󣬳ӢüŪ۵˵˵£õʱ̴ڲҪˣСүҴࡣ
Ԫ˷ܲܳһ㣬˵ôôɡ
Ԫ˷޹ƲƲͣСүʲô˵ʲô˷Ϊ˴˽ģֲǲ֪
Ĳ豭ɪ
Ȫˮɴᣡ
һж컡
Ԫ˷ĿڴϣɫԽǿ
еĲ豭Ԫ˷תסӢļ
̴⼸һֱ˯
Ӣǿ֣ͷͣ˯Ȫϣҵϸ첲ȶҪʹˡ
Ԫ˷ĵְסļί˯һŴϣ
Ӣε̾˿̴ڵĹȻ˯һġ
ǣԪ˷ҧͣǵͨ죬ǡǸˣ
Ԫ˷֧֧ŤӢȻָ֪ʲô
ӢҪڽͣһҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
Ԫ˷ԼΪ࣬ԸѣϱһԼ˷Ѹˡ
ֵӵһİŮӡ
Ԫ˷ûʲôȿ쵶նõķˡ
Ӣһ̧ͷһǰԪ˷
۲˸ţɬһЦѪжǰѳֲסģȻ
˵ˡԪ˷ƿŵıȥ
ȴɲɵĿſϣ˲Ӣ̴Сӵ𽵹Ļ棬ǰһһݡ
Ԫ˷ʹסԼ۾ͣ˦ͷ
ԹŽӢûĵģϲɵġ
Ԫ˷ʹģӢȻЩܣȴ֪Ԫ˷Ľѡ
Ԫ˷ļԪ˷ҾΪŤҿ𣿡
ӢԪ˷˦֣תͷҧгݵĵ
ӢûĵģɣСүҲˡ

61

ӢԪ˷滨ߵſ, Ųһͣ
Ǹƥƺ㣬̴֮£ߵͷϡУҸЩţҲ֪ôõģģСүҵıʼ, 㰴˸ѹ
Ԫ˷Ļ, Ӣšüͷ
ȻǲϷŹԼôżҪԼ
йѾд֮£һһʮĸԼ, Լ׼
Ԫ˷żӣСүôһ㶼Ű
Ӣп, Ϊļıʧ, Ȼ˿ҵľͲ㣬ץȥεˡ
Ӣͷͷǵ, Ԫ˷ôôͿұ̴СӺõöء
Ԫ˷ζĵֹ˵ò, ôֶ졣
Ӣϸ, ͼԪ˷һˤͷص뿪ˡ
Ȼϼһ
ȻԪ˷û˵ϸҲ³߰˷֡
й˵дЩʱء
ֻҪıʼҪͬԭһģһ, ֮ⲢûҪ
йѡȡ˹õֽţΪ˵ȵһ죬ðļıһ
˿йһԱͽ
ֻǲ֪Ͱ֮便Ƕĳޣ԰˸Ͼɱ
ɪ⣬Ԫ˷ĵһԵʯӣʯ˿ĽȴƺҪˡ
һʯӶЦҡԪ˷ίĨ˰ᣬҪϽ뽭ӢĵطһͷһСԴͻȻǰ
˫ɷ۾Ԫ˷һ㣬ָĶͷ
㣬СүôʲôҹҪСү𣿡
СĹĵͷߵղεң
Ԫ˷ЦεСѾͷ˵ʲôôһ˵ţһ̧˽ɪȴСѾͷҲĵĸ
㣬㣬㡣Сĵԭ£ȴԼû°͡
ǣǣͲǡԪ˷ϵͷǰСѾͷƵԶԶģҹһСѾͷŸʲôϽȥ
СӣܻһԪ˷Сȶϡ
㣬ǲǶӣУ˼
Сڴ˵Ļ͵͵ӣһӾ˹
ԭԼǵɣϲ˾Ȼӣ
ĿİͰ͵Ԫ˷˫ۣͷǰСѾͷ
ղûϸôһŷ֣ⲻԼСİ
ԭǽӢߵˡ
Сİ֪ʲô˼ëûСԪ˷ҡͷתǰȥ
㣬㣬ƲˣСĸߣһţһ˵š
ΪԼ˵Ļ
Ԫ˷ԼСͣ˽Ų
Ԫ˷ıӰǼġ
Сһҧһţ˵Ӻͻ䣬㣬㣬㻹ǳɣ
˵꣬Сͷȥ
Ԫ˷ĿԲתָС໰û˵ڣǸСİ;ͲӰ
˵ܵĵǿ졣Ԫ˷ζתһǽӢƲңߵѾͷҲƲңСүҺôҲһ֦ô벻طء
Զ̴վڽɪ⣬Ԫ˷нԶıӰϺڵļҹɫΪһ塣
Ԫ˷߲һٴαƿ
ӢΪԪ˷϶ģۻˣſڴϿŻ汾ûᡣ
ٳٵȲԪ˷ڣӢһҳ汾ڵб¾ͱ
޳ȥ˯
һ̴ڵӢͦӣ˴齡
ܹȥ̴ڵĸ첲Ӣ̴ɻôѵ÷𣿡
̴֪Ԫ˷͵͵Լɾûкùӳˡ
̴Ķ˱ŵֱۡ
̴ڲ˵£Ӣ§סĲվ
̴üˣǷʲô£
Ԫ˷û˵Щ飬̴ֻܴڵĿһ̽ˡ
Ҫ֪ǸƥúֶκԼȫ
̴ûп¡
̴˵ѣʲôдϡӢָ֣⸧üΣԹţ̴ɷų檡
Ӣ̴ֱֵһץס
̴տڲӣӢ۾һתϱɿ
̴ڣָ۽ǣʵ֪ˣ̴볼ˣ仰Ը˵ˡӢţԹȻˣ߾ˣ
̴װĻġ
ɫˣǽӢһֶΡ
̴ԭɵӢתʱǲץסӢ
Ťһᣬ̴ڽӲĿڵ㻹ȥ˭
סӢһЦһת̴ڵϥϡ
檻ȥܷɵó̴ɵأӢ§סĲӣ̴ãó檷ɣ檶ء
̴ڿŻˣ޿κεĳһ
ɱ޵Ĵ̿ͣ˵ġ
Ӣһæ˵ʺĸ۳檵ģȻ̴ɣ̴ɰ¶֣
̴ڲţӢּ˵ҳ檵ĸһֱİţ̫ӸҲƴˣɴ̿ɱ̴ɡ
̴ڵ£һԼϥϵȥ
ӢļĽ̴ͣ׵ţ֪
Ӣһ㶣Щ˼飬Ҳһ
һЩż㣬һľϻӡ
ŵ飬Ӣ׼͸ݺˣ̫Ӹйͳͨţң˵ǿг֤ݣг檼ĳȥż㣿
һ뵽ϱӻֱɱ౻Ӣʮֵľ
ʲôֶΣðļƵóѣ
̴˫ۣĬã޺û˵Щ˭дġ
Ӣһ￩һ¡
̴ڵľѴĲ˲䡣
̴ɲ˵檾Ͳµõ
̴ûм׷ʣŵڷ¡
©ڡ
̴ڵ΢΢С죬̧ͷ
ͷϵůӢһ«έκĸоˡ
ţ֪
̴ڵͳӢ̵ģͷĸĲһ½
عӢҧ´Ŭֱӡ
ͷӭ̴ڵĿ⣬檵Ļ̴ɶţ
ϣ޻ɣ
ȻǡӢŵľס̴ڵ½΢檣ֻǾЩ˼ˡ
ĵ׼һѵı⣬Ҫ̴ǰ֤ס
ȴû뵽̴ڻԼ
ŪھЩܳĸо
Ӣüͷһ壬ͷס̴ڵĲ
̴Ҳ̫űˣǻᱻƭ֪𣡡
̴ڿӣɫһ
˫ֲԾ

ϱԼǰġ
ԼһٵȵĽӢ
ӢĶҪӲˣҲò̴ڵĻӦ
Ŀ⸴ӵԼ
Ӣ㻻֮ʱ̴ڿסĺףͷĴϡ
ͻһӢԾ˫ۣ˫ץ̴ڵļ򣬼΢΢
þõϢ̴ڵ촽뿪Ƭ̣ٴǿӲĸϡ
Ӣûü΢׵ĺ촽ֱס
ǺűĿ̴ڣŵһڻĳ֮С
Ӣ΢˼£˫§̴ڵĲ˫ۡ
ǽձˣҲ̴ڵĻ뿪
оӢ΢̴ڲա
գ̴ĨȥǴľӨ
ãġ
ӢЩɬĲҿ̴ڵ۾һ㣬ǡÿ̴ڴ½ǶѩɫǶ䡣
̴ôϣ
̴ĻǶ䣬ҩ
ҩ
ӢĻգۡ
Լǿÿժģû뵽ôãǶ
Ӣ̾ģ̴üͷ㲻֪ҩ
ӢͷԽѿЩͷԡ
ô˵
ֲǻֵܷôֻݲݡ
һ䣬Ӣ㿴̴ͷͷϵԽԽԡ
Ȼˣ
ԼʶҩҲ
һãʱ̴ڱİק
ӢһģĿ̴ڽҩ½Ȼ˴齡
һǣһԼһۡ

62

ҹ, Ӣ̴ڵԣҹߡ
ת̴ڣȴ̴ڱԼ
̴ڵĺ󱳣Ӣһ㶼
ǰһֱǱԼ˯ģ
ʼ̴ڱԼúܱŤɽ̴ڶ䵭, ԼȻķҵ˯ˡ
Ӣ޶û, ̴ʲô
ҷڻίĳӣյ̴ڵԡ
̴ڽյ˫, ӢСĳ˳䡣
ȻûзӦ
Ӣйɻش, ˫ֱŴܵĶˡ
һ, Ӣ˿̴ڵ˯ա
̴, ̴˯𣿡
Ӣ°͵ľѴСš
̴ɱ˫ۣ۽ëûжһ¡
Ӣĵĵͷŷ, һߴ, һ̴ڵ
һ
̴˯ˡ
Ӣίһ±ӣֹţ˯˯˯֪˯
Ƴһ˿̴ڣƵת, ˸̴ϵıӡ
̴ͣڲ˫ۡ
˫ֱű۰Į¶һ˿Цݡ
գߵţҹûۣӢȥ
ȥȹСıĴ˽ﻹһ
Ӣһ߽⿪´һ߿СĻ
ⲻԼ͸̴ڵҩ
ѾͷܵȥˣùðӢϵΣЦ
Сҩ֦ڷתȦ
ҵһΪƿСЦŻӦū澷źＧһȥȡʱ;˺ôһƬ«έȻôÿҩūһģȫɻˡ
СЦͭһ㡣
Сҩһ֦֦ƿ
ûϢСѾͷֻҩĳùЦҡҡͷ
Сͣҩƿ˵ҩ˷ټģԢǷĻء
ССӢԼͷȻټôȷ⻨ҩأ
Լûг⻨֣СѾͷȻʶ
ѵԼª˲ɣ
С۾Բһתūڻ汾ϼѽ汾ϻĺһģһء
ӢһС˫ۣСѾͷõûѧᣬԼѧ͵͵汾ı¡
С⼸յķɫˮ˲٣ҰѾͷ֪۵ĺôˡ
ȵȣԢǷ
Ӣӣҹ̴ڵӣתͷССҩ˷ʲôԢ𣿡
ӢʣСܵǰ
Ȼˣ˷ҩĶ֮ŮҩǾĽ˼С˫գ㽵
Ľ壿
Ӣ𾪵Ŵ͡
ӣҲʮ꣬ôûôһ˵
һ뵽ҹ̴ʧĮı飬ӢһӻȻ
̴ΪԼҩΪͷ⡣
Ե֪ԼʶҩŻô
ӢţͷһЦ
ôôɰأ
Ӣֹùɻ˵ʲô
ӢЦţҡҡͷûʲôˡ
̴ɵӣʲô˵Լ֪
Ӣָ߬ԼڣЦţĵȴ
ԼҪһᣬúòǡ
ĸˣӢһ˯øʣֱ˯ۡ
ùں˷ţߵ齱ߣŵżݵ
ʱˡ
ô죿
Ӣţϲ֮ȫȻдϡ
й͹ţдţҹʱԼ˷ͤ档
һˣȻ⼸ȥ˻ô˷
ΣҪƻ𣿡
Ӣż㣬۵Ź
Ȼùȥ֪ͨƽ׼ɡ
ĿˣҲرȨ̫ξɵ
̫ξԭǷ֮ˣټϺ֮£ӢѾȷǸ֮ˡ
һˮɣֻҪϰƻ̫ξȥͤһĿ˰ͷĳ£ôѵһ죬ͲԶˡ
Ӣ˴齣ȲùãҸ£һȥơ
ҹͤɭúܣᣱҹʯϷžžવ
ͤųصĺࡣ
ʯϣµڰĻ˳Ĳչļͷ˫ֱ󣬽ֺŲֹ
¹⴩ᣴϣǴһ͸欵ɴڰƽһȤ
й꣬յ˫ֹסĴţֱһƽ
ڴŤͷƣŰǡ
ô
ͷˮ֮ʱǱĲӣɰϲޱӣĸͣ
ĸоڱŮϴûй
ɽҲðϲúܡ
°ͣ˲
ү¡
ŻС˵ĵͷ۸ˣ˭۸ӵŮˣԲ˶ߡ
ڰĻСչｫϼҹӣµĺܣϹĴӦˣǺã
һ۽ǣһߵǾͳ£ᵢǼ͵ġ
ŰϷʵĻŵƿɴ˫ۡ
ôܺͱ˳أү˰
֧ȣбۿһķ
Ĩһ죬ͷ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô
˫ڵӣۿˮֱת
ҧ´Сү㵽׺ʱظ
ô
ŰϷʵɫ˲ˡ
ȻûҪ븮
ԼֻԸĨ븺ε֡
ǿסίۿˮǲ
һˣĪһ-Ȥ
ŷĲһʯϡ
滨ķݺݵĲӣҪģ
ʯݣĶϣҪҲǲԣСԹԵС
ЦŵͷҧĴǣҪʲôڵϵ
ʲô
ͻһ͵̧ͷ
ֻ᣺󣬰ȵɴ˫ۣĻϵŵȡ
ǰȣҵĴʯʯĺ棬ڵסԼ
һ߿ٵĴһżĽ͵СȣŮ͡
Ŀʯϣӡķϡ
Ŀתͷʲô¼Ķ
ʯϣҡ
֪ԼͰ飬ᱻ֪ȴû뵽һô졣
ңԼӡ
ĸմʯˣİܵ˰ȵǰ
Ů޹ģĵ
ŰĻŵĵɴ˫ۡ
Լٶ˰Ȼڰȵǰ˵Լ
Ȼŭ壬ӣŮٲִ֪磬ҲͿСҪŵ
˦֣ݺݵĵ
ŤͷŸոմöǶķŭһӿ˳
ȴ߽ͤУվڷǰһϡ
ŷʺİӡȲһһģһλϡ
¼ǳıӵˣҹĵ
ֻżǶʯϣʹûűȴҲûġ
ֻǶŵ棬һ仰˵
ŷģֶݺݵĸ첲
ֱԭЩӡĿҪѪȲķ֡
ֱָ㣬ֻҪбڵһ죬Ұ׼ҵĴţ
ȵĿԽһİ
һ뵽ԼĵȻͷ˽飬ȱĵ׶Ż
ҧгݵֳ˷ϵĶǶڵýѹš
㲻ϲǻʲô·Ǹ¼ӣ
ȳ׹ʹ˸ɫ׹֣ٻһֱе̫ࡣ
С̫ٿһʯϵķ׷׵ͷ
˸ʯϡ˦̤̫ͤ˵ǼΧ˿ȵٸɰ󣬿ι˵ģ

63

תͷŰ, Ҳ⣡ȥʰ㡣
˿ͤĺŰĺӣŭȥ
ӢҪϵͤʱһ۱Ϻй
ϵĳݣӢǳʲôʣ
, ߵδ, ſڵˡͤһۣ˺ôĶֱͤĿ, 㻹ǻذɡ
ӢһԵйҲͬ, Ӣһͤķ, ȥ
ǧ㣬û뵽ȻͻȻ֡
ò׵ȵĺû, ʧˡ
ŰȵӣײͰ͵飬Ǿյġ
Ӣͷ, С̫ξ
, һͤйͼʱ֪ң㳶˸ͷЩͻȥˡ
ôһ˵Ӣ
֮, Ҫʱˡ
صԺƷӣͷŰ
Ķ׹ʶĸϽں˷ţ⡣
ĵһˮߵ˰ȵǰ
Ůȿˮ
Ƚӹıӣˤڵϡ
ҵĶˡ
תһѵӣ̺棬¡
ˣҲˣСȱˡ
˦̧֣ͷҧгݵ֮ǰΪ˵ˣԭΪΪŮǰŮ˰ɡ
Сȣ˵ģɾôһŮ˭һεİż򣬡㷢ģԺŮˣԿһۡ
⻰㶼˵ٱˣΪһ𣿡ȶݺݵĵȥմǲݣֻҪսҲͰˣԲУ
֣Լ̬ȺȻͱˡ
飬ԼЩ¼֮¡
֦ͷˣԼʮ
룡
ǣͼһʱˬ죬ġ
ˬҲУȱƵİǿ֣ɱڣһ뵽Ǹ˰ϣҾͶĵĳԲ·
߬Ľҧÿ֨֨졣
ͷֱŰȥɱ
¶ɫļվѵô᲻
Сȱ𼱣᲻áüۺӣôҲǸ˵ɱɱ˵ġ
šӣ۾һת
׹˵αЩż㱻ˣνͣǰţ¶˼ƵϣͿ˳ˮ۵ĳ
⡭ۣ˼Լĺӣõ롣
ԼŸ˽ż֮£С⻰ʮֿС
ԼŵɣɱǷˡ
֮ǰԽӢԹһиɻ
ֻ滨Ŀ᲻á
룿ߣҸѡҪôͰҵķ죬ҪôӴ֮Ҿû㰮˭͵㣡
ߵƣЭ̯;ĵͷ
úúãССȵҪʱܾ˫ڰȵļϣͷ̾˿
ͷͣӦ㣬Ӧ㡣
*
ףС
⣬⣬ճ¯⣬λҪ𣿡
ʱĶΪ֣ٻŵӡ֡ˣ𹩷ʢ
̵ĽӢͣ˽Ųӡ
ӳֽһ⣬ݵӢǰ
⣬Ӣ¿ˮ
ôĶԶ˿Ҫʹģδ˥
ΪԼղϣҪҪá
볢
治㡭һԵнֻδ˵ڣס͡
ȻжװһˣĿڵ磬ɡ
֣Ӣ˸һЦ˳
ӣСʱͳ򣬿ǶеֺˡＧһιӵģӢ̽ͷ
Ӻɰͳͭ壬ӹһ⡣
Ｇ˴СݣݸӢϡ
⡭⣬˼ҿ˿ڴϳԶǲ̫ðɡ
ＧֵŶ۾ĴһȦСѰռҵĹûǰ㷱ȵڡ
ӢＧĻԱһһˡ
ȴＧԣϵŮǲйأ̸Ц·߳ԶҲ
Ϊ˷ѰҵĹﶼ붼ģοĹټŮӡ
ͷ⣬ӢСعصĻᣬǻ˷ɾҲûˡ
ӢĻһ䣬̾һŻ۲תһͷڵҧ⡣
ű˴մŵڴЦǰ
͵͵ɣԣֱۣǰЦļˡ
ǹɣЦţСʵ
ǣϣȴõúšһۡ
ã·ĹʵòôӰ
ɶ¸ҹӸģӢָ°ͣζһЦ
һŭŵģ̺Ȥ͵͵ʹߣгǵĹɣ
ɵͷ⣬ֲȱŮˣֻǾȤˡɨһȦ⣬ʵղĵ֣Ҳһ顣
ӹ̰õ⣬ɵ͵Ǽ⴦š
̽ҧһСڣüë
ȻǹҰԵĶĺܰ
³⣬һҡͷһ߽ʣµЩǵ
㣬ôûأϰŸ׹ӣ
űοϴ˴ףҲ㱾ɽˮİ
ӢƤϵģֿұϵģӣһֱڻʹûĽС
Ȼͻ汾ﻭһ֡Ȥ
檿ϼҲгӣȥġＧһʽȣʮֻϲ
Ｇȣ۲һתЦӯӯ޶ۣΪǴɽˮģôһ˵ҪˡＧָ⻮ϹŵĻƣȻɽˮǻʲôѽ
ӢĿԶҲ˵ˣ￴֣ȥƿ
*
֮ˣ̴ڰеͳ
Ԫ˷ϿŹҪ̴ֵڵԣӭ̴Ŀ⡣
ŵԪ˷һƨɴӵϵһ߰ţһվ̴ڵ
ɷĵ̴ڵĺףͼҪﵽȥ
֪սӢҪȥУһȥ˳ϴˤ뿪֮£úõǸ
һԼնԽӢ̬ȣԪ˷ǵôԼ˰ˡ
ϲӢҲⱲǶˡ
Լ·ˣǰŸճȥͱ˼˻
Ȼ͸̴ڣ˰
Ǳһӵ
˵ЦˣôأЦ˺ӣȻǾʵѸ氡
̴Ĭеעϣ۰ţεϳˣۻ軨ˣŻǸѾͷĹƣԩǲð
Ѿͷ֣Ԫ˷ɻüë
⣬ɵӶó
Ҫ˭ˮ
̴ȴһݵĿ԰Ļûаľ
Ͽɻǵã֮ǰһ˾ĹŮ
̴ڽľһߣɡ
Ϊϻǵãϳ׶ˡгĿ̫ʦϣͷЩһʼǸŮģǸŮˣŵӡ
̴ڲ˫ֽŷϥϣͷ
ƽ
׾ٵĴ̴ڵĿе¶һ˿
ֱӣжһЩ衣
ӣѵͲµ˴𰸣
̴Ŀ⣬ֱŰ
ĬãԼڣ£δã
֤ȷ䣬Ϊ۴
Ŀԣ̴Խ俴ðʮָԾץľ֡
ֻƽͷιغʼǻϵľˣɱͷϵ
Ļ̴΢΢Цζ
ֵԶ룬ԺΪɣ͸ֵöҩ׶һգһ˫񣡡


64

뷨, Ȼܡ
ЦŵͷӦһΪ˻ϣΪ˷Ȼǰ㶼ġ
ȻӦСҪŪɵؼһ˲֮ģǲⷨӡ
ж̴, , ǾͬԼĺһ¡
ҲǱסˣСҲ˽
ãǾ˵İɡ
̴䲻һ仰, ŵĵɴ˫ۣոնĲҲˤڵϡ
Ȼͬˣ
ָĽ, ͬˣٿһ£
һ˼, ŵù̴ĶЦֱ, ¾ͽȥɣϣڻ˷ǰܽͳȥ
Űɷ׵, ̴˦ת
Ҫ̤ż˲, ľİûв͸ǽģ֪ɣ
˵գ̴ڱת, ̤ӡ
۵׽ɱ
ʧã˫һ̫ʦϡ
ǰȴ̴뿪ʱǵǾ䲻͸ĻҲڶ߻ƣþòɢȥ
ֱߵǣüһ
̴Ƿʲô
ǽԪ˷̴ڵǲмһЦ
Ц̴ͣ˽ŲĿֱֱɨ
Ԫ˷˫ֱͷηľͣΪҪγ֮ͷǱǣűߣ˸޸֮Ůӣ򡣡
̴СӽչӲ㣬´ǾýӢȫ޿ܡ
潭Ӣеֵ
ԼȲܵСӣ
̴ڲ˵ûɫĶԼԪ˷ֹŮ˶ˣ̸ʲôҵ
㵱Ϊ޲ɱ𣿡
̴ڵ˫֣ĿĶ
ȴԪ˷ЦһһҪҪ£кξ£
ߣƾ㻹ɱСү
Ԫ˷ĵֹš
СүСүСһָͷ͵ҵ̤ƽϳɣ
̴ƳԪ˷첻µزµӣﲻζҲ¶ߡ
˫ֽı󣬼ճȭͷҲûԪ˷аֵɫ֮ʡ
ת߱˵ʱδ
Ȩû˻ƾЩţֻܽա
Ҫȵģڿѷ⣬ɢһ̡
ǣȵȵȣͻȣǵȵﶼ˺ˣϿеʱҲûԪ˷˦ǻϣӣŮһͷʮ˴
Ԫ˷Ļ̴ЦһͳԣֻǸ
޴־⣬Ҳܻؼң
̴ͣԪ˷˦Ĺβ޾η
ʹţĵײζ
Ԫ˷ˬʵЦ̴̧ͷһۣת෴ķȥ
У
հûãӢĿһ٣ͣ˽Ų
ߵ¯ԣӢĿڷϰڷŵϡ
ƽңͨͨȴǿ˹ģܶ׵İնҵġ
ＧĽ⣬ӢһöɫңϸϸĿš
ƽҪһȥ͸СѽＧЦųһüë
ɬĵͷϺһƬＧǺͽദˣѧˣ߻ȡЦ˼ҡϿӢеңСֻǼСӼ֮壬ҶԣˣＧҪһȥ
ＧһöСɵңǰ˿ַŻԭ
ǿ󲻵á
ӢＧĻתͷ
Ｇϧ֮ˣΪ˱סڹ硣
⻰治Ǵ˵ġ
ӢＧĻͷĿٴе֮ϡ
ָ⸧ϵ·Ӣб顣
ҵɫ̴Ǻơ
̴ϱ̣սɳһ뵽¶ӢĵױпŴʯͷµ
ǰҲǲʲô֮˵̴ܱƽûʲôŵġ
㣬ʱˣǸûȥˡ
ϵӢĳ˼
ңһȳȥ䣬ҵȵҡ
ϺＧ뿪Ӣ߬ңػص֮С
ϥϣ˫ֺʮҡ
ġϡ
ͷֹӢ̤˵
һ̧ͷͿſ򴦣Լɡ
ӢһۣУǰߡ
ȴͽһ첲ſϣסԼȥ·
λιӣź죬ǲӣϷʵӢ°ͣЦضι͵͵ҵΰ
ӢЦһְ̧ǿеӣĸ첲˹ȥ
ЦԼĶͷ첽׷ӢĲ
ƵӢǰӢһһʵʵĵסȥֱӢڲͷ̧ͷĵ
Ȼúõˣôÿ
ĻӢüһڵǷãˣͲǷ治𣿡
ЦҡͷöǱ޽ģҹԣסкɹңͷӢЦһϾ
ֱ۳Ķ࣬ͷң˲˵ģ㶼еġ
ɱ˫ۣͷӢϵˣ𰡡
䣬һĶӾϡ
ˣǴӵһμڶδˡ
Ӣ°ͣ۱±ʹȻֵġ
һԼһζⰡô̴ҪѽɵϷĴһĽëôڻ̴ڻסǲаűɣ㡣
ɵĻӢֱģа㽻
ͷҪȥѧˣһµġ
ôӱߵڶ𣿡ﴽһЦϥƣǰ
Ӣ̾˿תͷֱɵĿ⡣
ĬúӢڵΪѱֱȥһ£ǻƵ㡣
ӢĻһζЦݡ
֮飬˵ķʽȥǽŮӽͽʲô£Ӣüǣ۲мƳ
һȭĶߣѹҧгݵŮˣʲô
ǽ˻ϣĵײҪӻ֣֮һ𣿡ӢֱۣѿһеĿֶΣҲδ̫̫ˡ
ӢԼļıԭɫȫȻʧ
Ѫ˫ۣĶǰˣ߹Ϸʡ
̴ڵŮˣǲɻΣյζѹףǼӢü䡣
˵ĲͲϲ㣬̴ֻϲˣǾȫͬˡеȣݺݵĵӢ°£ͷԼ̴ˣҲҪĶһĸо
Ӣȴģϻʹ
ɲڵʵףӢࡣ
ۣſ촽
˵ǣӢ˫ִļͷ
ӢͻĶɫһŵҲ΢һ¡
оڲ΢΢ɿӢһָⰴɵļ
ţҪӻ߱ӢЦһյĶϼ˵õ
˵Ӣ̧ȣݺݵҪ
ֻƺһеӵڵϣ亹ڵء
Ӣ㣬㡭ŮԼҪſڵϴڴڵĴ
Ӣ欵ϥԣʰɵڵϵȡ
ӣɵͷһȷ磬һߵ֪ŮŮǻ˵ء

65

۵ֱð亹, ӢһѺȣĴɵĿڴʹתš
ſڵֱУӢۣвɲ˳֮ˣɧű, Ҳûϳ, ̫࣡
˵գӢˤϣת̤
*
Ӣصɪʱ, ̴ڻûлһӵζ˲öϿζ
, Ӣһ, ¡
óңӢ, ǰ˿һѵλã
ϴǻϥ, , ߻ԽԽˡùñϴõŲӿϽ룬͹ճĻ꣬ҩϵģ
ңӢߵıŷù, ѰĻù￴ҩˣ
ϵģùЦҡҡͷָСЩҩԼƣǲһģһ
ӢתͷŻƿҩֿ˿Լең۵
˵õģҪ̴ɡ
ָõĻ꣬ԾЦ
͸̴ɣǻԼɡ
Ӣ۾һתߵƿժ¼ҩУСϵá
ŻңӢ׽ţЦüֹסĲ
˹㷽ȥеʱйһŸ㡣ù÷ź󣬴ӽеóѹŵһţݵӢǰ
˵ʲôӢӹţš
йǸˣҲ֪ģдģ;˵һ䡣
Ӣּüһ
Ҫڷ¶ȥֵУ
Ӣŵִͷβһ飬Ϣ
ն˵ˣҲŮˣˮȫõϣȻˡ
Ӳ֮£ǰ׼ҵĹֶΡ
ҲǿǱãǱá
Ӣյţ˵ϵĻҽ
ùã֪
ūȥʱ¹˵ǻҪͼλ飬ʱûǻûɡ
ӢңһϵĶ񣬳ȥ
ùòظҳȥһ˺ܿͻ
Ӣߵ崺ʱǡյĵŸոճ
̴ֻƣĴ֮Ļ̫ξ̴εĴ󳼡
Ӣûǰ̴һ̧۱㿴Ҳļλ󳼣ֱ߹
ʲô𣿡̴ڵͷŵĶ
Ӣŵģվԭصȴ̴ڵĴǡ
͵͵̴ڵСָЦû¾Ͳ̴𣿡̴ڳԾı飬ӢţĶϣ̴ˡ
ŶϵĽϸ̴ɫһתͷŵԼͷӢ
ȴһ⵽ϵĺɫӡǴ
̴üͷַ̧סĲָǸӡϡ
ӭ¹⣬̴ϸĿöӡȷʲôǺۺһ
ôŪģ
Ӣ̧һ²ϵӡǣƲͣԹ̴ɵĴһͽӣĳ檸ų˿ͷ
̴΢һ£Եɱ
ɣ
Ӣס֣Լա
̴ɿҪΪ檳
̴ëȻȴˮһ㡣
ſƣӢգյＷһ䣺š
ӢƳԶδ뿪Ĵ󳼣С̴ǻҪҪ𣿡
鶯˫̴ڽüͷһ㻺ͣЩɳƵҪ𣿡
Ӣ۲תЦţҪ
欵Ļӣ˫̴߬ڵơ
ӢʹָòĻȦȦ
̴ڱòû飬Ҳų
ô󳼿ţƴԼ񣬲ȥܱ˻ȥ
Ʈһ磬ֲתصϡ
̴ͣ»һ£εã޲ȥˡ
̴ڵЭӢóѵĵͷЦһ̧ƻĶ̴ڿ
̴滵Ӣɿָ֣һĴƵĿڡ
̴ڲֵĺᣬԹ̴ҪʵǻɣӢָһĿڣջصԼ֣檲Ųء
ĴߵĴȤ׷ıȥ
һЦĻϣһǰһ취ûС
Ȼһɽһɽ߰
ӢƻЦݣ̴ڱֱ֪ˣŪˡ
εĿһҪתȥ
ȴϣӢٴס֡
̴תʱͼӢŽţͷյԼǰ
Ǽֻ֣Ҫ΢΢ףӢĴꡣ
΢ŷĵ̴ס˺۾գ
˫ֽŵץŹֻ࣬ӢСЦҷŹ̴ɣδʱţ̴ɲ
šá
õ̴ڵĴ𸴣ӢŸأЦü¡
һ㶣ߺ̴ڣӢתһ뿪һЦý
óŵСңյǼᡣ
գͰ͸
*
գ컹ûӢˡ
վڴߣŶ˴齵ȹüë
ÿһ̴ڵǰ
Լʱûжÿȹӡ
ȥӢǿǿѡһɫİٻ׹ȹ
Ϊ̴ϲԼǼɫĵǶӢ⴩ȹ档
ϵñϵϸʱӢϲķƬƬΡ
˸µľ٣ֻȸ׹ӣ˷ٵ࣬´׹ֱǣһ·ҡҡ׹׹ɷǺÿ
ֵ˸һ״ĻüĴӢױԼױݣž⡣
ɫĶӢƿţͺͷùײ˸š
ùöյױ棬ŵˮӶ˼֡
Ҫȥʰĸ
һùõĻӢһԹù˵ʲôװģÿ𣿡
ÿΪ̫ˣū澲žòùΧתȦ´ūϴμôÿڹһհ
ӢԼ׹ӣߵգʹҲࡣ
ӢСֹùŲӣɻʲôࣿ
ӢҡͷЦùòңȥһˡ
ӢȲܳɪ󣬷ùóҡͷЦţοǵСǴȶˡ
źǽӢͷǽ绨
ߵ죬ɵѹֵ˴
ǽȴãᣬҲã۾ɳӣԵúõƤ
ӢͷŸ첲һͷƼԶӰ
ֱۣӢϸϸһ
ǲС
Ѿͷڽɪʵʵѧϰ廨ôܵˣ
ӢҪסͼСıţڵһ£ڿշһ氫ǽ
Ӣ𾪵ͣ˽ŲѾſͣӲա
СȻ书
ϸϸϦһϣСԼһơ
һʮСѾͷôôܽԼƵôԶ
ŷ߱ڵСӢȻ
Լߣôһ书Ѿͷ
ӢĵԽľòԾ˫ۣСʧĵطŲ˽Ų
ﲻ˷ʹԺƵģӢİĺܡ
ҵǣԽ氫ǽһС
ӢŲž裬߽ȥ
ۿԶһεԺ䣬ӢҪ첽ϣԱߵһӰǰ
Ӣŵһ飬ظòƽԼһ̧ͷǰվŵľȻһЦݵĳ¹
ūŸ밲
ӢƳһ۳¹¹Ҫˡ
¹Ц˦һķЦе·ʱ̫רעˣûūŹ¹۾һת֪ôߵˣ
ſ˹Ѿͷһת۶Ҳ֪ȥˡӢҿһȦҲûзСӰ
ﶨǿˣūһֱû˹
Ӣϸ΢ı仯ֻ¹˫۲֪Ҳ࣬ЦҲƽｩӲࡣ
װ򶨵ĳ¹Ӣüһһָ΢΢

66

ų¹׽Եģ, ĿԶǼԺ䡣
ӢǰһСɻ¹ڻߣôָԶǼԺ䣬˭棿
¹һԺ䣬Цɲǻ𡣡¹յӢ࣬Сֹ, Ϻͼλس, 뱻͵ôƫƧ֮ء
Ӣ˵һĻ, ¹æڳ޵ǹ˰ϼһˡ
ų¹ͻȻתƻ, Ӣ治ɫĻӦ¹ǲ, ˣͻԼδʱ, Ȼ»ûǱҪȥپһױݡ
òɣʲôױݻ϶ϲ
ӢЦתȥ, ų¹͵͵תǽǡ
ֱԼʮ֮ң, ż¹תȥ
¹صӴСС¶ͷ
ͲЩù﷢֡
С۾һתʮ, ĵģָָԶԺ䣬ӿ棿
ûصģϵʱˣϽȥ
СƨߵߵĳԺ䣬¹ɸֵҡҡͷ
ǽǴ͵͵ƻӢǵĶԻ۵Խ
*
ϣ˳ӵ
Ӣűߣҡ
õҩ꣬Ӣüͷ
СͻȻĳ֣ԼһֱĻɡ
ȴôҲû뵽СȻ̴ڰԼߵģ
Ӣһ뵽÷ùȥС鲻ԽԳһЦ
ǰ̴ǻϰ޸һСѾߵԼ׾١
̴ڷѾ˼İСԼߣ۲Լһһ̫ƵԼˡ
ΪҪԼ
ΪɣΣ
Ӣĵ׺˼ţô룬Ƶúܡ
Ҳ֪Ƿϵ̫࣬飬Ӣ̧סԼĿڴֻܵĺܣԽԽ
ңԥһ£սУת·š
ڶǼͷײӢ⡣
ֱһָǰӢŽһ٣Լҵ˼лع
ײСүңҪģ
ӢͷǰԪ˷ûкɫİһۣƹ
ӢԼԪ˷ƤĸĽŲ
Ӣɫĳܲüײһ¡
Сүߣ㻹˻겻ᣬСүǺİ
ӢͷĿڣŤӣһԪ˷㲻˵ҵôͰͶĸʲô
Ϸ޵ĲǴͷβ𣬱ô
ӢŲһͣһۣ²˵գӢת෴ķȥ
ֻҪˣ˵ǹˣ졢¿졢죬˵ʲôС
Ԫ˷ЦӢǰŻĸŹ
ֱӢһЦ˳ȻĴһļԪ˷һżһЦͷ
Ԫ˷ǰ۾ôߵ㶼֪
ϣӢŬĿԼ˼С顣
㻹֪ɣҿ߰ϸԪ˷һǺ«һҧ˰봮֧֧Ӣ㻹ʲô¶СүҲ֪ġ
һϸ֣Ӣͣ˽ŲʹĽëš
Ӣɫ֣Ԫ˷³ûȥǺ«ŵιιιôֵֹģ˭۸ˣСүҰԴš
Ԫ˷̴ΣΣ
Ԫ˷ӢͻȻˣ۾Ǻ«
ڵϣǺ«˸ϡãԪ˷ɥӢ㻹ǸûĵģСүҵ̴СӣͲСү˺ѷǲǣ
Ӣü治ɫԶһЩ
Ԫ˷϶˺ѷһԶ󳹴
Լɲ뵢Сүһӡ
ȴ룬Լǵ͹Ԫ˷Ƥıԡ
ˣԪ˷ǴߵһŤңȻ̴С罺ᣬߣ롣
ֻԪ˷˵Ŀ̴ñСүҲһ㣬ƢСүҲһ㣬书ȻҲǱȲСүҡ
ӢҡҡͷµĲӲͣļӿ죬ԶԶ˦˺ੲݵԪ˷
*
ɪӢûе̴ڻ˴齡
ıӣںҹӢ۾ôģһ˯Ķû
ֱСĿһԼ߹ĽŲӢ̴֪ڻˡ
ӱ̴ڣı۾װ˯ģ
ȴ̴ڴߣƿıӡ
Ӣľ͵һƿ
ɼˣҲı۾̴ڡ
Ϊʲôûȥ
̴䲻Ӣͣһı
Ӣһ仰˵̴ĺ󱳡
̴ץסͷµĳ˳ȥ
ֻءһӢյͷ˴ϡ
Ӣҧ´˫ֱԼı۰һҧгݵģȴǲԸͬ˵ϰ仰
ãӢо̴ͣܶ࣬ΪԼ˯ˡ
һϵ±㱻̴һѳԲļͷ¶档
ס֡
Ӣץס˱һ£Ťͷߵĵ
̴ڼڲװ˯˫ۣĶŴϵˡ
Ӣҧ´ǿ̴ڲɿץµ֣Ӹϡ
Ϊʲôûȥ
һ飬ӢԼ£ץűӣŤ
Ӳˬһˡ
̴ڶĲͳӲˬ޽̫ҽ
ءӢĻɼգϲų檾ǡ
һ죬Ьôࣿ
̴ڼһԲԼļץסļӲŽƽڴϡ
Ӣϵŭ̴ڽץļ򣬵
Ӣ۾Ƴű𴦣Ť檲ҡ
ţ޽ȥ
ϣˣҪ˯ˡӢǿϵ֣һĲȥ۾
Ӣ˵ӣ̴һͷˮȴҲһһӵ
ѵЬӣӢ࣬ɾӽǶӢ˹ȥ
̴ɫѿĲĿ𺡣
գ̫ξŹʩ֮£黹û̸꣬ۿδʱ˳ȥ˷š
ڷϣ̴ûĽӢһתͿºƴֶȤ
̴֪ӢԼΪԼεġ
һưٰģӢˣܿϵԼˡ
Ӣǰһεƣ̴ڻ̲סҪ
ȰȰϿǴӽͷߵ˽βһ·̸Ц뿪˶С
̴˫ץŹűߣʮָָץȫϵ͡
ӢȻˣ
һ뵽Ͽĳ̴ڱ͵תıסӢͷľѴ
о˲ԸŤӣ̴ڵ˫յĸЩ
ϣɿҪ˯ˡӢƵ˫֣ȴͽ޹
̴˵ʲôſԼԽڣյԽ
Ҫ
ӢŲӣڵĴǲͷŤͷһ䣺̴ڣ֣
뿪ҡ
ͳɳƵӢͦŲӣüͷ
ҪԼ뿪͸ʵ̹ףΪʲôС嵽Լ߰
Լģֱڲƭѵĸо
ҪʲôҶ㣬뿪ҡ
̴⻰˵֣Ӣȫͷԡ
ֻǺ̴Լ߰ߣԼԼ
⻰Ǻ⣿
ӢֻܷԼ
̴ڣڵ檣ֻҪϵ
̴ڵͷľѴ۵У֮ɫ
˫ֽıӢ޲ýԼ֮У϶Ϊһ
ɶӢĻȴһֶûлش
̴ڵһԲӢĵײԳһЦ
ԼϲҪ飬⡣
̴ڣȴһܣ䲻ԸԼ
Ӣ̴ڵͳĺ˫ڴһսȭ
ʲôǲܸԼģ

67

, Ӣʱ̴Ѿ뿪ˡ
̴ҪôҪ֣ҪôǿԼ
ӢױԼµĺɫպ, ġ
, ū澽ϴˮ˻꣬ء
Ӣ͸ױŶС, ˫ۡ
СôÿĻ, Ϊƫƫժҩأ
СͷˮĻ, ¶ӣūժˮѽ
Ӣת, ϵһƿҩü
˵Ǹ
ǰһ̴ڲҩ֮ºԼڶ, Сժһƿҩ
ʱֻǾɺ, 룬ƿҩΪ֮
ʵֹҩӢС֮󣬸ֵɺϣʤ
ЩƵɺ, ϸȥ
СŤͷһƿҩЦȻΪÿѽӲϲ𣿡
СаӢôҲܽǸ߱ڵŮһ
ѾͷҲһûԼ򵥡
ӢָˮУСȥɣзùýź򱾹
СšӣЦӯӯ𣬽緼ùȥȡˣСźױɡ
СӢ㱻һץסֱۡ
Լȥɡ
ӢСίıͣʪӽӢ
Դ߷ŴͷͰ͵һۡ
ӢС˷ţ˵档
ŵϵСʯӣšڣţʧ𣿡
磬ＧӢ顣
Դհȶ£İʾＧԼʱͱȴǰСˡ
ӢŤͷͷϹɴֻ¶һ˫۵Ｇεҡͷ
ＧǾֻ¶۾Ͳᱻϳ𣿡
Ｇ࣬ŻţĻݲݣڵסԼӡ
һͷϵɴһСڵǵ㣬µĺܡ
£ͲסįＧҲǸˡ
ＧǷſģúɣջ˷ɾҲû徻ˡ
ôߵСŮ۾ԲɷǿɰǸǰܺͽӰ𣿡
Ӣԭ̴ڵ飬Ƶĺܡ
һＧСԽĲζ
Ӣָһ껨Ƕ䣬Ѿͷ߻ᴳҲա
Ｇ۾һתûü˵ʲô˴ӻﴫĳ
һＧæסӢֱۣ۲ת
Ӣͣ½Ų˳ＧĿһ޵ˣǷ
˵ƽм飡
Ｇ̾Ӣתͷ
Ｇô֪ģ
Ͱ飬֪˲ࡣ
ձײ԰ȵӣǾԲȥģôＧ֪ˣ
¶⼸նˣǶ촫˷ˡＧȣС㣬в͸ǽء
Ӣָ°ͣ㻹˵ʲô
ģＧɴ˫ۣĺ档
ＧˣӢ֪Ҫȥֵ֮£ǻû֪
ӢＧ֣ȥƣＧȻذɡ
Ｇ۾תתϥǽСġ
ĽŲͣ˿Ťͷǰˡ
ɫһæᣬ
޳ˣǵø񣬵ǲס
й̵С
ŷСӣӢꡣ
йϹϾȴ֪йһļƻ
̫ˣӰȣٵ
ˣ뷽跨Ҫˡ
Уܺ㵽һй̵ģ
ӢĻҧ´ۿһʪ
ţʵŹˣиˡ
תҪӣӢŵλϣĿڵǲȥֵкףǿԸָһ·
Ųһͣ˫߬ڣӲת
ӭϷеĿ⣬Ӣָŷ˿Ա飬һԸָ֤ȥֵк׵ĽŵĻǱˡ
ָͣĲš
Ŀɢţ
ĬãǲĿڵңҲ֪˵ʲôҪȥˡ
˸㣬㻹ҪΪǱĺã˱λᣬԸˡ
תӢ촽ſڵ˵Ķԣ׼ҸŮңǲǺˣɹֱǺõȥ
šڣƹˤļ˵Ҳκ˵Ļˣûб£ƲǣҲȥˡ
һ³еίżҡҡλεһţһ
˭ţ˭ţ˶ƭң˭š
ŷʧǰӢԼ֮ġ
˸Ȼ˲Լʳɡ
*
ҹﱻߵģûйټҹŮĴ컨ΣҲûзϼֻǼ򵥵һӣһ׵
Ϊ֮¼أͷֻаϸŮ
װһ߲ᣬһ֣޵ļˡ
һߣɽнǺð
滨ģĬĬƿ֣˺һ
ˣͲҪҵǰװģˣû˼
Ļӹ׹ݹĽУ
Եĸ㣬أһ·òҪ˶ӡ
ͷĽУޱ顣
ƿǰŻİȣתȥ
ʱתͷԶİ
ȴ߬ĺңĬĬĲͷرĿ⡣
ĽУԳһЦ̤ӡ
ӳףڽУۿʪѾģߡ
򿪻ĽУ澫µ⣬žžવµ
ŽĻԽĿն
ڣᱻ紵۽ǣͷץһ⣬
*
Ｇ𼱻ǵĳɪʱӢͲµ߰˷֡
ȻԤϵһˡ
ȥֵе·ϣڽзɱˡ
ڷӢһ㶼⣬Ϊϱӵ³һģһ
ӢҶ϶Ƿɱǰһһ˰˵Ķҩ
ӢָȾŴɫޢüͷ΢΢
һֵǾ˳Ľڡ
̴⼸æŸ׵İʩףġ
ֵв̴֣Ҫķˡ
ӢĿֱߵöϣ۲Ƭ̣Ⱦŭ
ң۲ΪС
Ȼգ˷Ǳ߾ֱֵɱϢ
̫ξĽ£׵һ˽½˷
̴Ȼ
޲ͬ⡣
֪ӢָڶУ̴ˤֱۣɪ
Žɪеŭ̫ξͳ¹ŵ⡣
ӢĻ汾ĵѾȷִµǻᵢҪ¡
̴ɫѿĶ
֪Ӣ⼸ںԼƢȴ֪ԭʲôӢֲֻᡣ
Ӣ˽ҲӢⲻԼһߡ
ֻҪˣУԼеĻǡ
յǣҪһ
ڶӢֺƻһ
޲šƵͷ­
ӢҪƻࣿ
£
̴ץϵ̨Ҫйˤڵϡ
ȴŵӢǿųֽ̆ϡ
˵ˣУ
ӢŤͷִֵĿ⣬°ͣۻͬ񣬳Ѿ
̴ڶͷϵͻϵָͣӢ֪˼¡
һ뵽С飬Ӣ
̴ƳƳӣԼ۵úܡ
һӢҪڣ̴ȳ˿ɤӵá޲㣬Ҫ
̴ڵĻӢĵӲһڻˡ
ᶨĿ⣬˼֡
Ӣʹ΢ʪšڣСϲҪʩ𣬳檰Ͻʣµ׶꣬ٻȥ
ȥ̴֣临ӵ
Ĭã̴ڽӲ֣ץסӢ˫֡
߬
̴ܵĳȣָֹסĲӢͷ
ĿԣӢ۵׵ĸӣյ촽ſҪԼ˵Щʲô
ȴٴҧ촽ֻ֣ʹţת̤˷š


68

س̵ͣ׳, ̴վ⣬Ŀһֱųڣٳٲϳ
ϣʱڶʩǲġ¹èվ࣬С
ȴ̴Ȼһվ, Ŀִš
̴ûеӢ, ȴ˵ɡ
ֻֻһɫ޵ĳۣӵұ߳, ̴ͣڵǰ
ͻϡ
, ̴ڵĿԽԼ, һϷ, ұ֤׳ڣᰲȻ
̴𷽲ŵ, һ˫˫, ǰɡ
ӭ̴ڵĿ⣬ɲûԼķκƿ˻ˣֳų¹һüë
˵ȶºɲ̧, ȣЦ̴ڡ
һȥҴңܾдܣڻǰ͸һɡ
ҡȣϸһۣǰ
յ̴ڵĶϣСı⣬ϳλ۵ѽ
̴üһ۽թɡ
˫֣˺һӦء
̴תҪߣɺеȣļͷ
Ȼϲգǲ磬ͽһʻɽףѽ
̴ͣסŲת
˵˵
̴мдһ˿ɹЦݡ
һôԼ°ͣһ߽ƻȻǽܴ򶯻ϣһζûа
̴ƳͷĸҪתɱƵǰЦһģ
úúã˵˵תͷ̽һȦȻ̴ֻС˵⼸Ĵɢԣ֪ıʲôƵԸƲ֮ˡ
̴бӭĿ⣬ͳҪʲô
̴ֱ˵Цϰѹ£ȿɡ
һ䣬ɱ˵γʵ
̴ֻ֣һѷذףذ׷ŵĹֱԼ˫ۡ
¿ˮæһЦЦЦָģ¿ڣҲ֪ʳѷԸ㣬ҪϲʳͨǺ˷
̴ڶѵӣذײʡ
תķȥһ䣺Ǿȿı°ɡ
ߵлϣɹڵأ߰š
̴ڵнԶ¶˹ƵóѵЦݡ
س̵ĹٵϣԪ˷ϣšüë;ϸߡ
ͷһ̴ڵСԹš
һǺ̴СӰַ壬ﲻϣ
ԼǺӢһس̴̣СҹƫƫָԼҪС
̫ξݻˣԼʲô
òкСӢĻᣬȫˣ
Ԫ˷ֵ̧֣Ĩᡣ
׹ӣõӵݵȵߡ
ǰ۵ŮֲڣΪβȥͬ
ȳӣ˵ǡ
˭˲֪ĻȫǸŮˣȥǰ裬ͽ޹ᶪ˱档
޽ǵ鷢
ͽӢǸŮŲһӢǵĹֶΣ͹Ķк
һ¼
ǰԼڶǰװ裬װˡ
ϲ˭˭Ĺһ㶼⡣
ǶĶǸŮϣҲν
ΪҪģʼնǻʺ֮λˡ
Ĵ̿ͣ׵𣿡
׹˷ŻӦģѵõĺûᣬԣһʧ
Ȼ˫ۣ⡣
Ӣ׾֮أ
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գɽϣùСİӢǺöЦ϶Թģδŵһء
Ӣ°ͣңùúԼ˵Ļһֶûȥ
ңԼ⣬Ӧǰգһ͸̴ڵġ
ڲʲôûͳȥͷ˸
Ѿͷˣ
Ѿͷ֣ӢңתͷĴӴ
ĿڴǰϣӢѾͷù¿ˮˣ
⼸ū澶ѾͷӰǲҴţ͵ء
ùø˵꣬⴫СߵС
аĵӣ
ùüӢһŭεЦƿСţûĻѾͷԶЩ
꣬ùûСʹ˼ɫ
СϵСӵ˵ߣһ˷ùõ˼
ԹͣͰ͵һۡ
ӣū֪ˣӰʲôū澻һС
Сһ֪ùûͷһӢ˪һ
ùòӵ⣬СʾԽڹǰΣԽȹˣٻ
һ£С;ͱ˵״
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Ӣֹסǰȥзùõǰˤ
ùãôˣ
ù䣬ϸϸĴŵӢ֡
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Ӣŵļһ˽
ʬ壬浶ײӢͣ𾪵򷼹ùá
̴뿪ʱһ·˳˳ˮ
Լسʱд̿·
ӢƴƽԼŵ
Щ̿ͣǳԼġ
Ǻð
ùýŵӣӢ˫ץµ棬򶨵ùñ£ЩϹսģỤȫ
һ䣬Ӣ͵̧ͷŵСأСء
˵գӢתһƿ̽档
ȴѪŰɱ¾УѰСټ
ССӢɫŵĴţôСĻӦ
ùü״ŵסӢͣ
ģѾͷأһǶ㵽ȫĵطˣʱİΣҪİ
Ӣҧ´񲻰Ļš
СԼģ̴ڼԼûкԼ
öСǸ̬ȵġ
СǸӣǳ⣬ԼⱲӶԭԼġ
ӢͷԹԼʱӱ͵ƿ
ֻһϻŵ̵Ĵ󺺣մѪĴ󵶣
Ц´ӢĴ󵶺ݾĵӢĲϡ
Ȼɰ
ùÿĵⲻǹҴˡ
󺺵һ۷ùãͽ½
ôƯǣ˹ﻹ˭Ϲ𣿡˵գ󺺱㽫ùӳ
һĨһϵѪôƯֱɱ˵ǿϧ
Ӣϵĵ̣ڣеĵҲǳ⣺ӣǼĴ̿ͣǻǮ׵ġ
СǣƯͦ
Ӣ͵͵£ĿȴһֱǰĴ󺺡
Ŭ򶨵ķԼı飬һЦݣôɱҵ˳˶٣ҿԳ˫
ӿǰסӢ°ͣЦСǳѿЩӵԸǮ֣ڣ붼롣
Ӣ°ͣµ˲ŵ
ɫһٵĳ˰ذףݾĴ󺺵Ŀڴ
ȴԼСѱ
ץסһŤ׾ٵĶذףӵ⡣
Ӣס˲ӣĲĶࡣ
Сǣǰˣӣ
ϴ󣬵סˣԮˡ
ٷ˵ֳɴӢ˫ϵһ
ֳӣ
ȷ޷أ󺺲
ֻݡһٵģԶʻȥ
ٷߺţӢߵĶᣬĴڡ
Ŭıѣͦӣϵɴ˫֣ǰѴ󵶴ȥ
ĵиĥϵɴӢһ
ŵĲϣӢӭͷƤ׼Ӵӿڴȥ
ƿӣ׼Ĳ
ǰ˸ӣʶĻϽҼӷ£


69

ӢĿϵҶ, תƵԼСϡ
ɫСϣŮﳶŷڣԭ˫ƽٱ紵˶¶Ķͷ
ŭĿԲţȴҲˬӢˡ
׷С, ƲĴЦ˳, ڡ
ǣ治֪СѾͷͽˣ
߸ƥˣű, תСȥ
棬ӢץŴ, żĴС, Сİ
һ䣬ͼСٶȼǣ, ηֱ汼Щˡ
۵ȼĻ棬еСҪѪСޣצĥ÷, ϼ⡣
ǾŴ, ƵͷոһȦߡಡļҶڱ֪Ĵ̴ǵĺ
һĲҽ󣬴󺺴Ϲӡ
һͷ, ֻˤصѪɺӡ
ǸСԵСѾͷ̤صʬףɱһѪ·
ģѾͷǸʲô⣿󺺲ŵԼ۾˵ʲôţƾһëѾͷɱ߸ĵ֡
ɴ󺺸۾ͿСѾͷӽѥöҶڣ׼ĳ˫۷˹
͵ץڿһϻǱһöҶڻѪ
ƲԳԷƣСٵ׷˴󺺵ࡣ
ԥĴԼϷһԾ˴󺺵
˫ڴ󺺵䣬첲סĲ
СҧгݵĴγһöСذףݾĴӱ˴󺺵Ŀڴ
ͬʱһöƳգֱ󺺵üġ
ôʹ죬ǱˡСڵĽˤס
ת˷ܵĿӢӣ£ū˭Ҳ㣡
ӢҰ׵Զ׼ľ裬С˳Ŀ⣬һԼϡ
ԼŵذףѪһһεĵ
Сգ۾֪Ľذױ콩ӲһЦ
ӣܲװûأ
ӢĿڣƽԼ
˫ۣĶСøһĽ͡
Ϻ𣬽ӢѾͷ򵥰
ֻͻȻƿԪ˷Ĺˬʵĳ˰
֮æʬ壬ùôżĹŮƷ
ӢڴʯͷϣߵԪ˷ڵϿŻǰСĹڵϡ
˵ɡ
СһӢڣ󱳽ӲһͦƤһֱ˽ź
ҧͣ˫ץϥǣ۾һת˵ʲôţū澿Ƿ˶䣬ôʲôˣū𣿡
ۣԪ˷֦Цһƨ˵ϡ
ӢߵѾͷôȤװɵͨ
Ԫ˷ЦԼСͣ½
ЦԼˣЦԼˡ
ӣԼǲһĺӡûˡ
֪װģСǴⲻͱ̹𣿡Ӣ°ͣƳ
С΢΢̧ƨɣһ±Լ˵˫ȡ
˶ż⣬šڵӣӣū澶һһģɴûӵġ
СѾͷ˵ЩûõģСүڣ㲻ʵ̹׵ĻԪ˷һȼŻ֦ɷڵϣСүҾͰȥ
СŵһصĻӣֿһ۶ݺݵԪ˷
ľͣߣū澣ū澲Ųأ
ӢСıͷĵֳ°ͣȻʲô˵ˣ뱾һͲҪҲ˷ˡӢƵԼȹڣΪ֮ɡ
СͷίͰ͵ӢԼһۣתȥСļǰһˣסȹǡ
ӣҪС𣿡
Ӣͦأ֣
Сһ˫Сֽץȹǣ˵ʲôɿ
ļžžવĵڵϡ
Сʹᣬûס۵һ
ӲҪСˣУУááū˵ūʲôá˵СŴ˿ãһֱۡ
СһЭӢݲȵ߻شʯͷǰ¡
Сһüë˵ɡ
СĨᣬʵǣǻϽū澰ŵߵģū澱ǻѵİ֮һӱūСū澿Щ͵ģǶȲū澡
˵ص㣡Ԫ˷֦вڵˤ¡
Сŵһ飬һߴС֣һ߼˵ţӻû˷ʱϾͽū澴ӰӪ˺󹬣ū澵ְαװͨͨСŮһΣգū澿ԱӣͬʱҲȥͨ籨š
ӢϸϸСĻشڽԼĹ⾰С֮Уһֱ˵Լһա
ȻԼһСժЩҩżȻ
̴֪Ϊҩ֮Сڶ컹ûܵ«έƨժҩȻԼ˵ҩ˷Ԣ⣬Լ̴ڵ˼
ҩ֮һģϦǰ̴ڴ͸ָɡ
С̴֪дԼĸﰵԼûз̴ڵģԲżװżȻ䷢֣Լȥ߷ָҲһֱ͵͵վڴԼ̴ڡ
ԼȥˮһΣ̴ͻȻĳ֣ΪСԼ󣬷ͼıİȡ
°˺Լ߱ڵȥ̴֪ڣŻ̴ڰԼΧĽ
ҧǼȹӣ񻨷۵ȷСŵġ
С˵񻨷̴һͽģ׼ʱڷȹϡ
ҧ˷ЩߣԼҹȥŵЩ
С˵̴ڲ֪ԼȥĹߡ
Щߣ̴ڷŵģ
ӢϸϸԼȥ޹ߵһҹһֱ벻ףһԼΪλڷ޹̴ڡ
ԭǸͲɡ
ԭ̴ȥΪ˰Լ
ӢŵСĻʯͷϵָ
Ϊ̴ڽСԼ࣬Ϊ˼ԼȴȻĬĬΪԼô顣
Լȴһ㶼֪
Ӣʹ΢ţҲԽĲƽ
ϸʱյ֣ͻȻһͷ
ѣ
жѣ
Ӣ齩ӲĿСɳʸжѣǻĴɡӢŵĶСĪǣҲ㣿
Сԥһ£϶ĵͷǣū澽лġ
СĻشӢһ
ֻöһȻʲôҲû˵
̴֪ѱ˶Լǰһںȥ
Ӣʱ̴ԼֻѵԼͷϣһš
ַסԼĿѣȴ۵
̴ھΪԼˡ
ԭʱ̴ھǴӹﰮġ
Լȴһֱ̽ڻ
ӣʵʵֹЩ
С֧֧Ӣ͵س˼ĸ
ʲô
̴ڵ׻ж飬Լ
ӭӢĿ⣬Сҧҧ͡
šӿɻǵã빬ʱǳ𣿡
Ӣüë΢΢ţ︡ųĴ
ͻȻ̴ڡ
ˮͰһҳС
ǻյ˼ƫƫջٵƫԼ޹ȴǶûС
øԼŰȥӺ͹
ĥⳡĻǿ⡣
Ӣʹͷţ΢΢죬ᡣ
ǳҲǻϵ˼
Сͷ
˵ªƫƧǳӾͿ԰ᵽʺȥˣ˳
һԵԪ˷ڵϣĹڵű߶Ǳ۶ϵ֦
СĻתͷ͵͵ŽӢ
ϸֵ𾪺ͶݣԪ˷ͣͷ˾ӡ
ֱű߱ڳһӣԪ˷Ŵ׾󷢵ĶĹӵվ
ʱˣǸϽ߰ɣɽҪܳʲôҰޣСүҿɺ¡
Ԫ˷üëӢĸ첲ʯͷק
Ϊ̴ڶԽӢãΪ̴۸ӢΪȫԼġ
û뵽̴Լԣй֮޲
Ԫ˷ʧģﲻζٲߣСүҿҪ˰
ȴӢƿָ֣ˡ
Сɣ֪Ƿˣ
С°ͣ˳ǻϸū澵ģ˵߻иɵѾͷūΣӽӡ
СĻӢĲһ£ĵĵʯͷϡ

70

ջصʹ, Ԫ˷㱻ߣְؿּΪɣʮ𷣡
Ӻ͹ſڣӢԶԶľͿ̴ڣаȺＧ
㲣Լ̴, Ӣ½Ӳ˺һ
ȴǱ̴, һ§Ļ
ļͷӢͷļٵĺ̰ů
´˫ָҪ§̴, Ӣҧ´˫֡
û̴˵仰, ̴Ҳֻı, Ĭ
޵Ӣ²ڴ, ̴ֻڳصĽŲ
档
̴䲻һ䣬ӢŤͷڴ齱ߣһȺ档
Ӣתͷ, , ҡҡͷ
о̴ڴӴȻûԼߡ
ܽظ⡣
Ӣûٴҡҡͷ
̴뿪գ۵Ĺ˻
Ӣûȵױǡ
˵Ĳζ, Ӣüͷ齵ŲŲ̴ֽ˳ȥ
ˡ
̴һӢӣͷϡ
ĵһ䣺ϣһ˴š
ӢԭΪ̴ڻȥȴû뵽ĳĬһͳġáĶС
ڱӢһɱǼȴܡ
̴ڰһ̫ʦΣ˴齵档
˫ĿŹڱˣ¡
Ӣ˫ֽץűǣ۾ôģȴ޹⡣
س̵һ·飬һһײϡ
̴Ϊʲô֪ǻģ
ΪʲôԼûǰ̴ھȽСԼߣԼ
Ϊʲô֪һУ

һ𰸳ĵס
̴ںԼһҲˣϱսɳ֮
Ϊ̴ڣ䣬Լģ
һУ̴ɫ㲱Լһ̣ͻȻˡ
Լ񣬴һʼͺϱӵ̴ڣȫͬ
Ӣҧ´ĿԽ͸
̴һ뿪Ӣ㷭˴齡
̴֪һҹδߣΪԼҲһ
Ŀϵϣ΢΢ðȺ̴ȹġ
Ӣ纺һ򵥵ķ٣͵͵ĳӺ͹
ʱ磬ͷɹ
Ժš
ſͻȻֵӢʱһ㶣ĿӣһЦ
òã
Ӣصߵ࣬ͷЦ̵
Ӣ˵¶Ƶ˵·ˣ޴󰭣ãϲܰġ
ӢĿϣ΢š
ϱӺʱԼ
ӢţָԲʯ¡
ǲǴŵˣ
ЦҡͷᣬҳԵҲˡ
Ӣʯϼ򵥵ĵȣÿһ̶ֻǶһڵģ
ɨЩˮӢĿĽ˿ϡ
Ὢζ𣿡
Ӣʣ΢ŵϲԽܡ
Ϥʳúܣǽ˿ŵζһ죬ÿԼԶҪϸѡá
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵ϲӵĶ԰ɡ
ͷǣΪǵá
ĻشӢͷ̾һ˫ѽһ
ͷҧ촽ƽĺ˼£ͳһСɵʯϡ
ϵӢ㯵һЦ
ϲϲȴܻ᲻Ҫ죬֪һ
Ӣֱ۵΢΢ڴ
ȴоһᣬŻԭ
ùЦˣҲóЩ֪ƽﵹǶԴ˳Գԣȥһʡ
ӢĿһ
ͷתţûһ׾ٵĽ⿪
⡭
ľӢСľ飬ƽ͵Ҳ֪ôģȻ⿪ˡ
˷֮󣬲֪¼仹ֶʱδ
⿪ķӣ̸ġ
˼Ӣû˵ʲôֻЦЦ
ͷϥϵ̺ᣬȻĿӢֱߵϡ
ŴﴫֽЩðһ䣬װǡ
˼ӢŤͷֱߵ
ָ⸲ϣʵѾôˡ
Ӣԥһᣬǻƿӡ
˫Ȼһֻë׵СѼӣ쵽ǰ
ѼӸ¸¸µĽ𾪵üëһЦ˳
һº͵ЦţһСѼӵͷ
ɷǿɰ
Ӣı飬ĬãǳЦţܿɰ
Ӻ͹Сڴˮ׵ĺ棬Լϥǡ
һŲӿԺǻ̴ͣڣһŴˮס
˵ʮӴƨɿˣ׼˺öСҩޣҪȥ
ƫƫʱˡ
СίͰ͵ıŴˮף͡
Ĳ֪ȥĶˣ
̴ڵŭСŵòһæҡͷūһֱûĲ֪ﵽȥˣӣūѽ
̴ɫѿĵԼСŲС鲽Լڴˮ׵ĺ档
ȴ̴ǣ˯õǰȡ
СŲӣָ׿Ŵˮס
˺һᣬ֧֧˵ū澲˯ˣūҲ˯
̴ڲٴԼС͵ı顣
ﲻˣһΪԼе鶼̹׵Եʡ
ŻôżӣСĵúܡ
һ뵽вԼ˵Ҫû֪£ҲԼԣСйһƨڵϡ
˫סԼͣСͨ졣
˵˵˾Ҫˣ
Բ˵
ʱ룬̴޵ʯϣʹͷűߵİ˽ǹԽԽ
ֱĽŲ͵̧ͷվڹŴӢ
ӢŴ𣬾
ôûȣ
ӢôҲû뵽һ
̴ֱĿ⣬Ӣһ򦡣
ҿĸӣ˫ۣĶȫ˵ϡ
һ˲䣬ֻӺ͹صš¸¸¸¡
صĻëѼĴҴţӢűѼӰΧ̴ڡ
̴ֻڵɫ˲ףһؽŵѼӶ
žʧ̴ڣӢץָֹסĲš
̴վѼӶͷð亹촽ҲǷͣ
ͷһصСѼӣ̴̵һ£˲ʲô
ȫ֪ԼѼӵģΨӢһ
̴ڲķ»ŵҽţӲһ̧ͷӢȥ
ĿԵһ̣ӢȻĽˤڵϡ
ƭӣ
Ӣеߺ͸̴Ȼʧɫ
Ӣ֪ˡ
Ӣݺݵĵһۣתȥ
̴ڹ˲־Ѽӣȳ嵽Ӣԣһץסĸ첲
˵
ȴӢԥ˦֣ȥ
̴üͷ飬˼
嵽ӢǰٵӺ͹ĹţӢԺ
ÿ
̴ڳĬһѽ§ڻı촽
ӢĵţȭͷһµػĿڴ
̴һԵıһ仰˵
̴ڣ쵰ſңӢƴĴòǣԣ̴ڡڸýɣ
̴֣鴤һ£ƵʹһеҲɳһЩ
о̴˲Ӣ͵ƿ̧һϡ
̴ȴٵץסǿӲĽػ
ͷݾܾĴꡣ
̴ڿĺףá
˿ƵǣӢĵ׵ŭлһֱ治㺣һ˲ȫȻ
򦣬ҧ̴ڵĴǡ
ѪУӢ㿪ݵǣȴûܴĻߡ
ţ̴ʹߡ㡣
̴ٴǹӢٵŤͷ˫ֵǰ
̴ڻûаݡ
̴ڵǣ۽ǡ
СᣬŵԼ
̴ǰδеᣬӢۿһģ
ʱҵĺܣ̴ڵǰûס޳
Ӣҧ´ҧüҪγѪȻʹȫ̴˳ȥ
ҡΣĵ̴ڣӢ»ҵĿ⣬ͷҲ̧ſȥ
ոӢֻתһعʱѾ̴εĿڼͷ
޵šžһϡ
쵰ߣ㵽Ҫʲô
ϣӢͣţȭţȴôƲǰ̴ڡ
ֻ˺һ̴ڳϵɴڵϡ
Լ¶ӣӢ۾ס֣
ͣ£ͣ¡̴ˣ
ȵͣɫԧǶϣӢ΢촽Ĵ۽Ǽˮ˳ϡ
ȴ̴Ŀƻ㸩Լ
˵ҵ̴֣ڡ
ӢҵĿ⣬̴ѹӣеѹ֣׵ģңģңΪɱģҡ
ԧǶ̴ڵ£ƷҶƮڵء
۽ŵϣ̴һϵı˲䱻ָץ岻
н飬۾΢鲻ݡ
һѹֵͳһֱӢģҰ

71

̴ͱΪ̫, ȴûϻλΪԼŪˣ˲ߵķˡ
һˣûʸʵۡ
˫˷ԭǼɻ֮£Ϊס͢, ס֮, ѡҽ
Ϊ˫ӳһģһӲֻͬҪϸ, һ˲
Ի̴˴Լ˷̫, ˷Ļʵۡ
ҲԼ, ӭȢϲչӢ
̴, ԭͱ񻹳˷˵̴ˡ
Ϊ̴˵ʮ, С̡Сʵ۸ϳʹ
ɥ֮Ȯһ, ӲдĻš
һرӣû뷨
Ϊѹʮ꣬๫ͻĳ֣ȴԼΨһĹ
۸ѵ, ֡
꣬˷Ҫķ֣˵ʲô᳤;浽࣬ݵĵչס
ڻִԼͽӢһգﾹЩϲ
ģȻʼÿڷǰǻ
ȴӢЦȴĳ֣ȴЦŽԼһ
ôϣӢܻԼ̴ڡ
ʼԹޣΪʲô׵Լ޵ģȴǻ֡
ҪڷҪֻԼһˡ
Ӣԭ͸ԼŮˡ
ã̴ˡ
Ϊ˫ӵԵʣСʵۺʹԼݣ»ıȨλһ˵㳹׷˷
ɼˣҲνֻҪżŷп͵͵ĽӢ֪ãӡ
Ӣˡ
֪ôģСʵۿԼԽĲ˳ۣ㽫Լӹ͵˹ıԺ
һۣҲӢˡ
ֱһգСʵ۵Լһеĳʹ嵽̨
ȴĿ˽Ӣܾ裬Լǰ
ԼǸȳӣԼٿһЩ
ǣعӢͷ֮һƿ׶˽һС
Ȼ˽Ӣ죬ؿ߿һ㣬ܵġ
ݵˣԼ󻯳ɹʱҲǸȳӰɡ
ֻҪԼƴȫһתͶ̥ǰ׷
ȴһƿ׶ȥûˡ
̫ӵʱ
̴ڣҲûŪ˫ȡ
мǣӢܾ谮ĵչ
ǰȥףǳضģδŵӡ
̴˰Ϊ˹ͷ̫ӹˣĽ
ֱ۵᲻𽣣˾磬ղסϵЦݡ
Сźĳϲ˵ûЦ˿Ĺ
̴ԽǸˣĵ׾Խ㷲
˫ȣٶˡ
Ҫ̴ڵݣݣȵӢ޸
ɽһ죬ǿ̴ͣڻĻްסԼ˫ȣøһ
ɼˣĻˡ
ͻȻɽȺӵϵȺ
ɽµöͻ˺۵ĵֵҰǣÿһϱһģһ
̴ɺĿɱҰǣ书ĻȴȺĹ£ҧŽףϵɽ´
̴˱ߵǸطӲ
̴֪ǸطᷢΪϱȳ˻֡
Լֱҧ˽ףɽ¡
̴˱ҵһԼ̴֣ڻǾȻĳ˹ȥ
ɾס̴˵һ̣Ųһ٣ˡ
ĿɽŻ̴ۿ־ԼȻɽ¡
̴ڵһŲķֱۡ
ɵʹУȴ벻ڡ
Ӣ˷ʮ̴˸ɱŮ˲ѹڽӢͷϣеͽ
̴˵ԹۣӢҵ³
ֻһӣ˻ֵĿ࣬˲Լ
˵ҲãҲա
һأֵһӣԼȥܡ
̴ڵˣֻԼ
Ƿˡ
̴֮˷˽Ӣꡣ
˷̫ӣȵ˷Ļʵۡ
ϱӶԽӢڳԵĹԱԽӢ۾ĹǺȥ⡣
һΪɨƽϰͨͨɨƽ
ˣڵ޷ҡİϸŮ
ȥ˰Ӫ
Ӫÿ궼һСӣѵУɱֻһʵ۵ߡ
ںʬҰѪɺӵİӪ̴ڿǸѪذײСӣбʤ㡣
ǸȡС
ӢһγڷԼһգС
ڲСеݱһӵݣͽУ˽ӢĹŮ
ɽ𺣣һһҲҪӢȻ
ڣڳѩһգӢŷϼһߵԼǰ
룬
ǣӵĻ档
һڵˣ̴ȴźУӽӲһûˡ
ֻǽĶǰŽ˵ĺͷ۾գһ£һգۣһжǼٵġ
ֻǿźͷҲڸڸͷ£ڴŵ
ɽȪӢ߽ʼȪ֪
ϱڷԼÿһնڵĽŲ
ĽŲ̴óǸˣί
ֺ̤Ȫ̴ڽı۾Ȫ˫֣ȴŵʯ
ֱӢ˵ԼҲ̲ס˫ۡ
ΣⱲԼͽӢһμ棬
һ㣬һ㣬ǿӲһ㡭
浽һգȴŵһ仰û˵
ڽӢò£ɾ
߽ӢһԼȥӡ
ٵġ
ŴɫĻһֱվڽӢϲ档
ĺٵ
ʼûŶ롣
Լ˼ԽŨңԽŵ˵￴֪
Լ½Ӣϲ
ڣһֱվֱϲѰԼ뿪
ϲҪۣȴôѡ
·ϲģ˭
ûգ̴ھͷֽӢҲġ
û˻˽ϱӵĽӢֻһ۱ȷӢˡ
Լǰǽæҡ
ϳԼϲԼ
ҹ̴ֻ˯
ŽӢԼĺ˯ȥ
ȻһһĶظţ̴ڣ̴ڡ
ϣһ죬Ӣ˯У֡
֪ӢҪġ
ԼԼԼˣĻܹݣν
Ҫ˭ȥơ
ɱ˭ȥɱ
Ҫָ췭ظҲ
ģĽӢ
˭ɱ˭
̴һ̣
¼ܻס
ֻҪӢ뿪


72

Ժļ, ̴ڲֽÿ϶
Ĺ̴ӷ´ᣣתͷŻˡ
ӵţ̴ڿϳٳʲȥĳ-죬۽ǵˮѾɺۼԭĵ, Ҳ׵Ĳӡ
ϵɼϺߺ, ̴šüͷֽ̧ϵҷ˿Ҵ
ϱץ, µĵָץ̴ۣڿӢͷ, §˻
ˡ
ֻ̫¡
½Ӣ뿪Լ
ҹ, ӢץԼͣĿ޽, ̴ڵͷͷ
üġ۽ǡ
̴Сţ¾Ҳۡ
ɻһ, ˯ۡ
˰, һ۾Ϳ̴ԼӢĵŭίһӿ
ݺݵҧһ̴ڵ´̧һƴϡ
̴ôôԴԼ
Ӣҧ촽޵ԽԽŨҡ
תӱ̴ڣһ, µʹһ
̧첲ʹˣÿһ⣬Ǿŵʹ
ϱӵĳҹûôʹ
̴ڿҪߵ˼˫ץסļǿӲİԼĻ
ƸӢͷͷ
ԲҴˣҴˡ
̴ڵֵɳƣӢûɤƳӡ
Ȼ۵Ľһ뵽̴ڶԼҹԼĴֱӢ޷ԭ
˫ֵԼǰʹȫƿ
о̴һӢʹԸ˵һ䡣
ûпһۣӲʹӣһתȥ
̴ڿԼ̬ȣоǵ˺̶Խѡ
Ӣۼ߰ߵĺ󱳣̴ţĵ׻Һµúܡ
ܽԼݣܽԼ
̴ֻһ˲ֱסԼĲӣǿҵϢԽԽš
ץӢļǿӲĽ
ϡ
̴ڲҿӢԹ޵Ŀ⣬ĴţӢͷصȥ
ӢݣûסԼ˹ֵ顣
ĽϢ̴ֱڵĺֶʮץۣšüͷӢĲ
ã̴ڸٴλʹȥӢĵĶͷϡ
뿪ҡ
ӢٴʱѲ֪ʲôʱ
谵һûУⲻӺ͹еӡ
ϲ̴ڵӰҺŨ鶯ζȴ̴ڶʲô
Ӣҧ촽̧Ĩһᣬɻڸǲס޵˼
ǿίñӹסԼ壬齱ȥ
ÿᣣӢŷ޹ĴӶɫĲϷϣһ˿͸
Ŵֺ˩ʲô
Ӣ۾ϸһȻһŽһ
ŵĵɴ˫ۡ
̴Ƿ
ȻҪԼ
ӢĻţһͷͿ˴齱ϵһīɫ
ȴ̴һīɫ£ͷɢǷϵڵϡ
Ϊ·ֱΪһ壬Ӣûڵһʱע⵽
̴ɫĿڴ齱ߣŵ棬һԲӢˣҪԼһ
ڴϵĲϣǰ˨ȫ̴ˡ
Ӣߵ˦Ĵᣣ˴齵ࡣ
֮ļ죬һֱ״̬
̴ûԼȴҲû뿪
ôһֱڵϣڴ齱ߣԼһ
ӢһֱڴϣΪ̴ڵԵʣ̤޵´齵ĻᶼûС
ΪҲ˵ȹһܱ£̴ڶûԼ׼
Ϊ˲Լӣÿŵʱ̴ڶ˴ͳʳ
ȡ˳ʳȻٴš
̴ڵݹĳʳӢͣһŲá
̴ִֺ֪ݵӣԼû취ҲҪþʳķ̴֪Լǲԭġ
̴ȴзԼʵʵĳԽȥ
ιԼ͹ȥ
Ӣ۾
Щͽĳʳ̴ȴʼһڶûù
̴ڹŵ⼸գӢʹδûݷһЩ
̴ȴڳͷԼһԲȡ
ϵǸˣҲԽݡ
ӢȻȴһ㶼Լ
ڵԶ
Ӣüѱӵݸÿָᣴԥ˻
Ϊһǽ˵ʲô粻ȥˡ
Ҳ֪ǹһĵڼ죬Ӻ͹￪ʼƺƵˡ
һӺ͹Ԫ˷ġ
ţϽСүҿţ
ϰԼӺ͹켸ҹûϢһԪ˷Ҳ˲ʲôǹأŭĴ˺󹬡
̴СӣҶСӢָͷҪѪϴ˷
޵죬Ԫ˷żŷţţӢ㻹ŵĻ֨㵹˵
ӢһԪ˷۾һ
͵ÿᣣֻδڣһƱסԼ͡
̴ֻһ죬һֽĿļ򣬽ƻ˴
ȦӢͷĿ̴ڣҧϡ
̴ȴ֪ʹļԼͣĿȼŻ档
޵ﴫײԪ˷ɫѿôſ
Ͻţ̴ڣСүҰŴ򿪣
ﻹû̴ڣӢĻش
Ԫ˷ҪʱֻͻȻϸϸĴϽͣ䡣
ȴĴԽлſŴ̶ĴҡεĿ֨֨ԽԽ
Ԫ˷һһӱɫ
ǽӢû
Ԫ˷ò¾̴֪ʲô
ŭһſϣ붼û룬̴ģСүɱ㣡
ȴǹһ
ԼԽĶԽ
һеģԪ˷γĹ
̴ڣСӸҹ
Ԫ˷ץ˿ƵȭţĹҪϣӺһĿһɢ˹ȥ
Сŵڵ˲Ԫ˷óѵ֡
ߣӣԪ˷ӣȥ
һϣһֹţɲԹңϴȴҵġһܲ͸޵ӺϾͳ¶ˣɲ㻵˺¡
ϣӢŲӣѾ޵ÿҪˡ
̴ڶüûˮˣôô

̴ڰſ޽еûذӢ
ٶǿƼ
Ӣģ˭ߡ
ƣ
̴ĿţһʾԼȨ
ֱӢһʹ
ǹһӢԼ˵ĵһ仰
ۡۡ
ӢֹסĿ޺̴ͣ˶
ͷ۵ӢŬƽԼ
ֻӢԼֱۣҧȥ
ʹ֮дӸ첲ֱĵס
̴ڷ࣬ıйҧԼĸ첲
Ӣ
ŶɳƵӢỬı۰ϡ
ȴҧûɿڡ
Ԫ˷ͣãžʹ˰
ϣ͹Ѿˣʲô˵Ӱ
¹סȵģɻʵЩԾ³ʲô¡
ϣ⼸մѾʼ۷׷ˣͳɡ¹šüë˦һķҪǿǹӰ
ϣӢɿ̴ڵֱۡ
κȴڱ§Լá
Ȼ̴ƽĳطţӢÿһ£۵
Ӣԭһӱƣȵ͸ˡ
̴ڵĻһ£ûס﷢߳ܵĽ
ﴫĽȵڵһºһƬ
˿Ϊߺֻ֪ǱӢģ
¹Űϵѿͷ͵Ц
ڳ¶
Żίôã³ˣ
¹Цֺǣ㴫̴ɳƵ
ϲּ⣬Ϊʺ󡣡
ʺ󣿣
ӣԭһɫɷס
ϣӢŶͻһ
Ťͷ̴ڣ̴ȴͷסĴ
֣߬Ľ§ڻ


73

, ū澿ˡ׹һ·Сܵ׷ǰİȡ
ԴӺ͹Ҳû̧ͷ
ӢĵĽһĶԻš
ԼĶôǱ
һ·ߵż, ȫû⵽ߵ·, ƽû߹ġ
ֱ²ȵһŶĵˤڵϡ
ʲô߸·Ҫͱԣ
ſڵ, ҧгݵáš
һͷһֻè
, , èū澷׹һֻè, ֻצӵèֻţڵѪܵĿ
ҲɫҰ׵ı׹ӵϷ
ӻ£⵽, ֹһֻè
ȥ, вʮֻҰèڵϡ
Щèʬ壬һ˹Ϊ֮ġ
ֻ󷸶ģŻ˼£˫ȴס׹ֱۡ
׹, 죬뿪
׹Ƴһ۵ϵѪȣŶģϽŰȥ

Ԫ˷ʱֻԴ˵ģƨ쬵ġ
ཀྵӲĲӣŷԼѾص˽ſԼĴϡ
۾ϸĻһȦ
ڽӢӺ͹ôһת۾ͻˣ
һ뵽ЩԪ˷һȭͷԣƿӾҪ塣
쬵ƨɣӲһתͷȥ
ֻԼĿӲ֪˭ˣӢǸСѾͷСҩ࣬Լգ۾
Ԫ˷˿Լƨɣֿ˿Сһſٵ˴齣ӽĹסԼ
ţŷŷŷԪ˷˴ǣָС㣬å𣿣
СҩӣӴңҰҩƨϰ˰ӣҪúҩŲС
СҪƿԼıӣԪ˷һɤӣֱץһͷ
㣬Ѿͷ֪ŮܲȻȻ
Ԫ˷ίĿ˿Լ档
Լôһ覵УȻͱôһѾͷˡ
СӢûô
Ԫ˷ίҧԼıӣݺݵĵС
ͷһңСͰ͵޹ڰӪʱ򣬶Ǻкͬͬ˯ģûʲô˰
СҩӣԪ˷Ĵ齣Сյǰ
Ҷ⣬ʲôǺ𣿡
Ԫ˷ŽߣƴСɪɪ¿ˮ
Ѿͷͳһ¶ټСŮ֮»Ǻ
Ԫ˷ȴǸʵʵ͸˵Ӻǲ֪ôֻëѾͷס
Ԫ˷°֧֧ͣ˭˭˭˵СүҺˣСү£¡
ٺ٣ǾͲˡ
ûԪ˷˵꣬ͼСץסϵıӣһ
һ˫۵Сֽϡ
Ѿͷ㣬֣㣬㣬Сү˰񰡣
СǣŲӿŵλɹܽǵϴŪģ
Ԫ˷ĺСǼüŪһĬĬİǹ˷š
*
һ̴ڰͽӢһʹ¹Ѫơ
ʢָɲһ𣬰Ͳϼա
Ū̴СӾ-ͲˣֶΣ֮ˡ
Դ׻Ҳ֪˷Щ޴İʲôԷÿ춼еſҼùʺġ
һɱ˻ɣɺԽԽ࣬ɱɱꡣ
ƾŰôı㣬ϸѰ˼һͲµʮ̴Сֽš
뿿ڿڳԼûôס
Ҫ̴ڵ˭Ȱ˭Ū
ƫ̹ţȴǲζ
ûѾͷ滨ģ
ǿϧ
үūûź𣿡йıϰļ˵š
۵ȴˡ
°ͣĴ
ӣеЦţԼĻ
Ҫʼһֶйһߵүū澽գһЩ
˵գйתϵһ¹Ѫƣݵ˰ǰ
йԼСһڣι˰
ĽƵϣգⰡ
˴ԼĹᣣ˫˵ϡ
ŤͷĿ䵭ĿŴϲʡµİ
йڷڷãһҵ˰ֵЩż㡣
żСĲڻйŤͷŻŵİ
̴ڹӺ͹ĵգ̫ξ޿κεĴӺ͹ֵ뾳Ϣ
̴ӢȹÿϵһӣָֹסĲ
Ӣǰ̴ڣ⼸Լһ仰û˵ҲǳĬ
̴ݹ᾵ģӢܵĺܡ
ҧ´ĬĬתٿ
˷಻ͬ࣬һ֮ǾԲսģٹһûˣҲҪסʵ۵İȫ
˷ս֮лʵ۴սɳĴͳ
̫ξ˴ֵеϢҪ̴ɡ
Ȼ̫ξʹӺ͹ߵ׵ĵգһֱŵķţڴˡ
ȴ̴ȻһףֻﻹᱧŽӢ
̫ξۼķ֣ϵϰŽʵĺɫ
ǸҲĻŹֱۣεİһ
̫ξ¶ɫǰһϣҪϹŶԣҪϻʺ𣿡
˵Ϊֵ֣仹ûоС
ΪϢѴ˷
н֪̫ξͰƽǻʺߵĺˣȻͽԽԽࡣ
ڳеͷҲָܺ¡
̴ֽӢͷϵĶקקס
Ӣͳŵ˾䣺š
ս֮£ֱδţ̫ξϺòԸˣҲʶȤĲӡ
ȥص·ϣԪ˷һ̴ֱںӢΧǻ
ݺݵĶһʲô紵ݶͰ̴ڴж˿顣
ȴԼⱻ̫ξ˸һ
ǧʿǵ棬Ԫ˷̫ξŶ䣬˴ĸൽ˶ǰ档
ʦʦۡ
Ԫ˷ĽţԼĶ䡣
̫ξСƣλòףʲô˸õǣʲô˲õǣҪס
СҰˣվȻûִĴ˻ʺ޹µЩҲǳ˷෹Ĺ¡
ԭԻʺ˼ֻ̫ξ֪ν˾֪ˡ
϶Իʺĳ谮˵ϵ¶һݡ
ϵŮˣûɱѾǶˡ
Ԫ˷ĵĻͷ
ԼʶĽӢ̴ں߲㡣
ƾʲôԼٵǣ
ֻҪӢһ仰ԼΪϵɽ»𺣣ܸ
̴ܺԼ
̫ξٳٲػˣһͷͼԪ˷׺ݵĵź
״̫ξ̧Ԫ˷ŵƨϡ
ֻƥ˻һԪ˷ǰ񱼶ȥ
ʵʵȥǰ̽飡
Ԫ˷ϵߵ໴УƨɣСүҵƨɰ
һ뵽ձСǸѾͷҩĳԪ˷һֱ쵽˲Ӹ
޲ڸضԼ
̴ڽˮݵӢǰ
Ӣһۣתͷܾ
̴ڱ°ͣӲİǿͣˮˮ˽ȥ
޵ǼգӢ̴ڵֶΡ
Ľͣ˵ʲôϺȥ
̴ɫһ䣬͹һˮȻ½˽һѹ
ȵˮ˳̴ڵͣһ㼷
Ӣ̴ֱڵĸ첲ϣֻ̧֣ƴĴؿڡ
̴ڻǲյԼӢܻ죬ݺݵҧ´
ƿ̴ڣӢڴڵĴСͨ졣
ͷ̴ֱ˫ۡ
ôҪԳǿ𣿡


74

̴ʹ, ƸӢ촽ϡ
ϸϸĲɾϵˮգˮתصԭλ
ֻҪ㲻ӣҲᡣ
̴ɳƱ΢Ӣ۵״תʪ󣬱ҧ촽, ת˹ȥ
̴ҪƷԼˡ
, һ̴ӣֿ۵ĺܡ
Ӣ޷ƭԼ
ϲ̴ڣϲϲǰ̴ڡ
ǡ
ûа취
ʱ, ӢһһΡ
еûԽȥ
*
̴ں̫ξ˵, ֵ˷, ռ꿤һسǡ
һس, İʧĻ̻̲
ƽٵǣֱر
Ӣ˵Ѿһֵ, ȴûʵʵĵսȥһ
⼸̴ں̫ξս, űʲôԼ
ǵֱʼεúаһЩսʿǻ۷׷ףҲֲˡ
˶˵ǻ˻ʺԻ, 벻
Ӣ̴֪Լ߰ˡ
Ӫ̴̫ξмоɱͼӢ̴ڵƳƳ
Ϊĸ첲ϣҪȻȻȥúܡ
Ԫ˷ƿӪʵӣһ̹Ϲ
ûɫĵ̴һۣ㽫ĹϹݵӢǰ
̴ڿͣһ£̫ξϽƣ˭ģ
СԽ޼ɵˡ
Ǵ˳ԿҲˣǲܿŮˡԪ˷޾Ĵ˵š
̴ڣŵɤӢ˵㰮ĸٸá
Ӣ̧֣÷ӣҡҡͷ
Ӣֵ̧˲䣬Ԫ˷ۼķϵһ
þ֮ǰͷֹӢΪϵһָͷ̵ذףԸע⡣
Ԫ˷ǸСذףȻһϵЦҲʧˡ
̴⿴ӢָǸ÷ӣɫѿץס֡
˵ǵӢʹһԾķ÷ӣŤͷ
ȴ̴ѹŭͳ;棬ȻۣȥȦɡ
ܾܣСүһ㲻ɡ
Ԫ˷һԵĹӣ̴ʮȦ
Ԫ˷ҧгݵĵ̴ڡ
ɵӶó̴СӷԼ
Ȩı˽
Ԫ˷ﲻȥȦʹ졣
Լ磬ߵˤڵϣתӪʡ
ʿǵΧ£Ԫ˷ʮȦ
ţҧÿ֨֨졣
ǰŽӢϵΣԪ˷ɫ˲ġ
ԽӢĴǣǸذж̴ڰĳУȻܵġ
ûǸذף߶ǿԽõĶ
Լյ˷ʱͺ˵ԼҪߡ
֪ġ
ǣûô
Ԫ˷Խ룬Խζ
ΪһԽ
ΪӢߡ
Ͳ뿪̴ڣ̴ڰԴ
Ӣϲ̴ڣ
Ԫ˷ı۾˺ѷεķŭµٶҲԽԽ졣
Ӫ̫ξĿüͷ
˵ˣǴϱߣǱߡ
Ӫ⣬Ԫ˷һȦ󣬽⿪ԼϵĿףڵϡ
ŭͷ˵ϡ
ϣϴǿ𣿡
ΧŵʿǽŵĿҪ֪ӢϴǿɳϵĶޣôء

Ԫ˷˺ѷεĺš
ֱ̧ۣԼüϡ
˳ղͣµҧ촽Լ޳
գ컹ûӪʹ̫ξ
̴ڿŻﻹ˯ˣӢֽ֫˼ϡ
̴ͻĶһӾ˯еӢ
һŵץ̴ڵļ򣬲ŵĵ
ȴ̴ڽͷļϡ
˯
ӢĿɿڴĹļϣӻԼô˯
̴§ᣬס˫ȣԼϡ
ȡһ磬Ӣʵʵĸ档
ͷ˯ɡ
Ӫʳ̫ξͼææϹĽ죬ǰһĻǵɴ˫ַۣ׷ױܻĵͷ
̴ǰãС
⣬ư
д̻Ů˵ģһӰģ
Ҳ֪ʺ﾿ǸʲôԻҩǿֲ
̫ξĿ˼ѵϺͻʺﻹᣬǸʱ򣬵ۺ£۵ĵ
Ӣԭķɱ̴ţȵĻҲ֪ôĻ˯ˡ
Ӫλ󳼿һɫ̴ڣֿһ˯ŵӢȫͷҿ˵
Ĭã̫ξȿڵ
һڣ̴ͶĿ⡣
̫ξ͵رͣʶԼ˵ˣ˻ʺﰲߡ
ѹСϣʹﴫϢˡ
̴һһ
תͷһ˯ŵӢֱߵëʣֽд֡
Σ
̫ξŲӿ̴ڵ֣СӦ˵գдӿʹ֮⣬˵ͨŮɱƽսá
ǳдЩż㣬ˡ
й͵ż󣬱ʸ̴ڡ
̴֪йӢ֮£Զ԰ֵͨеż㣬ûлɡ
˰ϵݣԭⲻĳдţȻÿһ䡣
Ȼߵĳ̴ż㣬ɰеƲ
ȥ˷ɱĵطǺб˶⡣
ɵֲֶ
¶аΪϲǿС֮£ͼӴһ
ȻЩɢ׺˷ĸ¥
Щļǣǻʣҡ
˵ȥǻѾòˡ
ܿ죬Щ˵飬㴫׺˷
ΪԹѿЩ֮ǰάΪհĹǣҲʱ֮
һܻͨͨɢˡ
ϣһֱȴʱ죬ˡ
̴ӿɱ֡
ǵˣ֣

һţӭһ輦Ѫͷš
ͨ-֣ޣ
ԼϵѪˮ˫ۡ
зɱ
ӿǻζˣˣɱˣ
ɸۡȴûһ˳Ϊɱˡ
ЦԼֻأҲĻ˰
ӶĳЦŭǰһѾ½
ģƾһ񣬻ӵĵطҰӽɱ㡣
ǲҪĺá
ͻӣŤͷȥ
ɨһȦ˲Χۡһ
ܣӣǷ֦ͷ˰
һЦõֻǶ飬Ƿֱˡ
ĹƨƾһδɵӣվңΣ
ûбĻŭȵ˵Цˣǻˣأһֵ£
ҿ˭ңŭĿԲĴţ˷ڻʵ֮ϣ˭Ҷӣ
ǺͿˣ˷ǻϵ˷Ҳ˷˷Ȱ־ܵĺãŮ̫ܡ
֣ܿɫ˲òҰס
ǰŮôˣ̴ҪŮôӲ׼Ƕ
ŰЪ˹ӣָܱһΧܵǱűУٵȺӵϣηǵĵ֮¡
ּ⣬ȥţײ㣬÷ųЦſ壬ɡ
ѹǰУţ̴ڣӲŹģŹģ㲻ú
ĿŰεķȥ̧ң
ʹ̨
ʲôſҼǲŹǵģ
׹ƴǵȣſڵϴ޴š
˾̧Žߵһԣɷѱˣܵ
ͷɢйǰ
ййﱾǹˣ֪һа취ﱾĶԲԡ


75

żĽеӶժ, ֽϵһ׹ж£ȫй
Щй㣬ﱾ
ȿĿ
ֻйһۣơ
Űһ˿ԵĹâйһ, Ѿּ, ϳţͲӦñԳƣϹءйޱ, ԳŮŶԡ
йⷬһ, 촽ֱ
й, 㣬ǺⰡ
й̧, Ȳһѳ£ﳼ֮ŮǲЩε, Ϲء
йЩζ, ˣϻӵķΡ
һ䣬ȱ㿴żߣ˽
ǽİڵϣ¾ȥϵĽ˿ȹ
ſڵʹĴ޴ţ޵Խ, ЩľԽ
ֻйһªĻɫ鲼ǰ
ϣԺҪˡ
ȿǼ鲼£ҡͷǾԲᴩġ
ɣ붳ţ㡣
йżֵ˸ɫǱ㲻ſڵϵİȣ׷˳ҡ
ū澸ˡйһ񣬱̧ż˫˷š
Ƿűȥűȥȿ޽ŴĵĴŷš
⣬йóһ˨ϣתȥ
̨̤һ̣תͷŽķţİ޹⡣
ģĮϣ¶һ˿Цݡ
Ƿϵſڷϣֹסµ
ʹ˰ݵģӢ̴ڣǺˣҾŹǣᣡ
*
ҹ룬ӢӪķ羪ѡ
սȹªҲ˯
Ӣ۾Ž§Լǰı۰
ҹ̴˯죬Լȴһ㲻Ȱ
̴жൣԼܰ
Ӣ̾˿Сתӣ̧
Ŀ̴ڵһϣ½¶İǣͻԵĺᣬǷ򦣬ٵ΢Ľë
Լӣôûϳء
ͷ˯̴ڣӢԾĴ̴ڵĻԼָ֣һ̽ȥ
̴ָüһ̣Ӣָֻһ̡
͵ջ̴֣ڵĻͷǿĲ
Ӣ½óöңϸϸĿš
̴Ҫսˡ
ɱϵ̴ۣ֪ڵ书ȴʼղܰġ
ָϵҩƣӢǵüͷš
ԥһ£Ӣ̴ڱԼĸ첲
̴ںһӢŵþĸ첲һҶ
̴ֱüͷƽӢһĸ첲ڴϡ
ȴΪ̴ڸ첲һԵʣá
Ӣһ˯ŵ̴ڣǰ¡0.2.2.3
ٴȷ̴ûѹӢĵĲ˰ֱϵĺС
ÿһ¶Сģ¾̴ڡ
Լĸ첲Ӣľ˦˦˴齡
ߵ̴ڹ׵ľӴӢңͷ۵֡
֮ϣֽ˿ελá
ſϵ·ӢҪƽ
̴ġ
μӢˣԼӵѰĵط
˷һֱܣһֱܣ˻ߺ˹
̴ͷ亹ĿŻ˯ðȵˡ
ӢڣǸ첲ϵĳҲ̴ڲŬʼƽԼ
§Żˣ۽һǡ
ϣóˡ
Ӫ̫ξ̴۵һƬ
ֻµذף˰ӢֱϵĳС
̴ڽӢ°ڴϣӽóһҩۡ
ҩ۵¯УϵỊ̴̇ڽ¯˴齵Աߡ
ĽӢɫķ˿Ҵ
ǰ㣬˯ѣұ
˵գ̴ת˿ףٵ߳Ӫʡ
Ϊֻ֪ͣƬ̣Ͳ뿪Ӣˡ
һӪʣ̴ϵ˲ʧ
һ˫̧
غ˲أͷ
*
س⣬ԡ
̴սʿ飬ﵽǰ档
˷ˡ
ֵеıɫף׻֣ڶǰȵ
Ԫ˷ŹŸݹһԵ̴ڡ
ϸƤģˣȥҲա
ȴ̴ڸͲƣֻ̧һ֣ɱ
һɫ̤ųŽʿǵ˻һϡ
Ԫ˷ĵ̴ڣбµ˵ݹ
ֳݡһĳս֮С
̧ͷҡ˼ȦЦ˦ֵнʿĲϡ
˲ѪŰ𣬱˲ӵֵˣˤڶʬеһ
Ԫ˷ɱ𾢶ʱવ
ûһѷĵն£㿳ֵ˵
ֻ˲Ծǰ㣬˻һϵˣһ˵ϡ
̱ǵѪζǺ͸Ԫ˷һ˦ŹնɱֵУһŤͷյУ̴ڡ
ͷϴͷɻ޷Ѫϡ
̴ڵķɫԭͱȳһЩϵѪθĴۣüҲ顣
Ԫ˷Ƴͣϵĵ֣
̴ڻֿ˵˵һֱۣѪɽ۽ǡ
۾ݡ
ݵԪ˷ббһЦСүϲѾݵɾСүҵˣ
̴ڳЦһ
롣
Ԫ˷קƵ̴ڵһ࣬üë˵ֵʲôʱôһȺҷû¹ˣûǰСүɱЩֵˣɱȺǿˡ
̴Ļ۵¶һ˿
ˣ˵Ļȴ
ֵӢսЩֵеĽʿȴж᲻
̴ڻûףԪ˷µȺģôǵսǰǳ𣿹
Ԫ˷мţƵԼظ
СүҵĿѾЩܴ׼𣿹
̴üͷšһ
еľݵӵ˵ؿڴγϱֱವ
ýݵĲǼ⴦Ԫ˷Ĺ߶
ƽ̴һתӣưγ˴ȴŵذףԼ˹
ҧгݣĿɱ
*
ӪӢͷţΪԼܵ۾üë
Ķˣ
֪ҲǸϢ˵Ѫֹסˣ˷Ҫˡ
֪֪˵ذ״̽ؿڣѪֹס
ԣԣˣҲˡ
Ѫֹ
ˣ
Ӣ͵˫ۣһ˺
۾ͣĴͷϵ亹˳š
̴ڡ
̴еˡ
ˣ
Ӣһ뵽ϱ˷ֵ֮սϣ͵شӴֱӡ
۾˲ʪ
ŤͷԼڴϵ֣붼ûȥ˺κγ̫Լ̫Сⲻ
̴ڣ̴ӣǸҶһŹ㡣
Ӣšüëžžવµ
Ÿɴҧ˳ϣʹȫо򦶼Ҫҧˡ
š˺һ˱ŵֱۡ
תͷŴԻȼŵѬ㣬ӢĽ¯ˤڵϣͷصĳӪʡ
ʣʺܷȥ
ӪŵĴżĵǰΪѵ
߿ű
Ӣżƿȴ쿪ֱۣ˵ʲôߡ
ͲҪΪūˡ
ǰִŲòĴǣӢ۾Ƕ΢΢š
ĬĬ˺˰벽ٵĵͷԼϳǰСذס
ذ׼ڲϣӢٲÿ

76

ǷذһӢĲϻѪ, µԼ嵶ãΪӢóһ·
ӢذףĨ˰ϵᣬȥ
ӾӪĻɳأһ·¡
ӢѰѾЩģۼ, һ߿һĵǰš
ˤڵ, ǰ
һصմ˻ҳ, ˿Ҳζš
ƨ
ƨƽҡ
Ӣһ뵽⼸ն̴Ե, ֺڵĺܡ
̴ڴԼô, Լӡ
˶ó̴ڵֻԼ
Լ
Ӣʹú, ǧѵӴĿϣҲʹˡ
µʯͷһӢ˷˳ȥ, ˤ˵ϡ
ڵ, ʹͷ
ǰĻɳأʪһСԲӡ
Ӣ˫ֽץԼϥǣݺݵץߵһɳ˳ȥ
ڵϿãӢһջԼĳֹ
̧, ڲϵᣬԽԽᶨ
ҪˣҪʬ
ˣȫʬˣԼҲҪȥ
ϱ̴ΪԼʬǰա
ⱲӣҲҪúõ̴ڣȻһȥˡ
Ӣҧ´ĳŸ첲ӵվ
ſôãӢϢͷۻġ
˼ֱΡ
ȴԼ
ӢŶͷ۾
ֻǰĹ䴦˼ĵĽ죬ӼΪʮ
ٺȴĴһµĲ
Ⱥ룬ϵ̴ڳմѪľݵУ¡
ҫۡ
Ӣɴ۾սһ̴ڡ
⣬ǡ
̴
Ӣ𾪵촽΢ţ²
˵ȴ̴ڵд̣ж
̴˫ĽԶĽӢͷϵͻ
Ȼߣ
̴ڽľݵӸԵ̫ξ
սֱӢȥ
Ӣһţ̴ҧгݵĿࡣ
§סӢڿൽϡ
̴ڽԼǰ˫ӵࡣ
ǰԼӢ̴ɫѿקֱۣ§Լ䡣
޶ȥ
ű̴ǿ°ߵĽӢֿٵܹӪɽ
ڵϵԪ˷ͣίֲĵš
Сүеˣе˰ҿˣ˭ĹҰ
Ԫ˷ĵĴ£̫ξĵָ׸Ǵ˿ڣָʲôԺ˵ҵˡ
̫ξҲԼӪȥԪ˷ĳһ±ӡ
ָԼؿڵСүҿǽϸƤ⣬ĿڿѪˣ˭𣿡
̧ŵܵС͵͵ЦϴСǿˣϴսϾ˻ϵˣɻڴָտɴһӪСǰϴ
Ԫ˷˦ֵȥȥȥСүòǡ
Ԫ˷˫Ժ
ֻСӢҩ˿ڡ
СӢûԼһͱ̴ڴˡ
̴ǸСӣ
Ԫ˷˳Ľë΢ţ۵Ⱦѵõ֮ɫ
սϣԼԼȣ̴սɳġ
ֵеһ̴ڵıԼһȴ̴ڵǴ
ɾڵҪ̴ڿ׵һ̣ǰγ˲ϵذף̴һ
ֵе£Ԫ˷Ťͷ¶Ķ̴ڡ
̴ڣһΪ˽Ӣ̵ġ
ϣȴúܡ
Ӣ
ûԪ˷ûơ
ȴû̴ڡ
Ѫɺӵɱϣ̴ڣԼ֪˽Ӣһǳǧ򵶣Ԫ˷ӱĴ̻
ΪԼ˵Ȼ̴ڻսϽԼ
ȴϣ̴ڸûԼתͺֵɱȥˡ
̴ƣԪ˷ҧгݡ
֪Ͳþ
*
ƻŰɽ֣ůĻƳȳɫ֦Ҷķ϶档
εֽ֦ϵɵ˱𴦡
ϣӲĿ׽Ӣĺ󱳿һۼ۴ĦŷһƬ
̴ʮָţſ˫ۣ˫İڵϡ
ݺݵһҧӢŲӣֹסĲ
ͱ̴ǿӲţЩ̲סĽȫ¶ǡ
̴ݺݵ۸ţӢųȷû廹õúܣ
ӢŴţ˺þã̴ڲǻָǰ㣬˹
۵ܲĺѪ˿Ҳɢࡣ
۲ˮӢ̴ŭ˵ֻҪ㲻ӣҾͲǿ
ӢþƲס۽ë΢΢ĴŲëĶմˮԵһ˫۸ӵ-
ĴһűӣίңӵȥӢ۽ǼŵˮֹסµҡͷûУûС
̴ĵͷҧסǣ˫ֽĿ
ܵӢսţӢǴĳݺۡ
ȴӢ޵ö϶˵㣬һӵȥ
̴ڵһǼ۽ǴĿ
Ӣһ֪˵ʲôԼġ
һΣŽӢĻˡ
аᣬԼ뿪
̴ڿ˫֣İͷ
ӢĵĿ⣬ͷĴϡ
һҵĻͣӢѾûԼַҲ޷֮
̴׾ٵ̽˶Ϣ
Ҫٴл֮ʱʹһƳ˿¶İ֮ɫ
ǿ߽ǣ̴šüָ˿߽öҹ˳
Сɵң̴һ۱㿴ŵҩ
ϲһ
̴ҴյǼһţǹ˵ҩ㣬üͷһ㻺͡
תͷ𾪵ĿӢ
ȴƲԼϷŴƬĺΡ
̴ڲ֪ǻͺĳ-죬Լɬ
㡭
̴ŵӢݽҧ´ۿֱת
ҡ
󴦸̴ָܵḶ́ӢĵţתͷӭȵĿ⡣
´µӢɵ
̴еϲΣӢ΢ŴҪ̹Լе⡣
ɻһߣһֶû˵ڡ
Ӣٴͣתͷ
̴ס°ִֵͣĽתԼ
۵Ĳݾܾ
㰮ңȴң̴ָɳƵΪʲô
ӢҧͣһֶԼ˵̴ɿ򦣬̵ƿࡣ
һգ̴ɫҲ⣬Ը˵Ϊֹ
һ䣬Ӣ͵ţ۵˲ˮ󲻿
ƵĲͣҡͷҧ촽Լ
ȴǵֲס̴ڵǿƺļơ
ģһģŵòԼ
ȴֱҪ֮
ӢĹ£
𣬱ôҡӢĥÿɤӣȴƽһݹ˵ϣˡ
Ľ̴óţȴûĹ
˫ۣĶ
Ӣǿŵģ̴˵
Ӣ°ʹһͦһߴŽһ߶϶ң̴̴˵ŮˡҺӣңҷǣ赣ҡ⡣
Ӣ֧֧һ仰̴ͣ˶
һ
Ĭã̴ڵͷֹסĲš
¶˺Цݡ
ӢǰЦ̴ڣš
˾þõЦ̴ͣڿӢ۵׵ǵ㣬ɢ
ķӢϣΪ
Ӣҧס촽Ҫر̴ڵĿ⡣
ȻģȫµĽӢ
ǰһǲҲգԼҲ˾ĵز
ϱǸϣҲ̴ˣȻûз⣬ȴ˷֮ʵ
Ϊã˷λļ̳ˣһ£ÿһҹǿί̴ŷõĻ֮¡
ŮӶԣʲôԼҪģ
Ӣϵί̴ֱӣǲ
ץӢļ򣬿ٵķӣһֽ˫ְͷһѹ۴
̴ôһӲĿĥĽۣӢʹĽһ
ɿеĽ뻹δᣬ̴ͻһӢһ
ŽűżţǼ⴦ҲǺ
̴ڴδԼùƣɲ֪ΪΣ̵߳ĸо˵Ϥ
⣬ǰδе֣ĸоһӢǰէ֡
ϴ̴Ӣ𣿡

77

Ӣɴ۾ſڿ, ŵĵһ
еĸоòϵļ䡣
͵Ťͷ̴ڣ㡭㣿
ô᣿
ϱӺԼз£ŬõˣȻ̴ڣ
Ӣ˵ʲô̴ڴԼࡣ
ĺ, ̴, ̴ڵģ
̴ץļţš
õ̴ڿ϶ĻشӢ촽΢, ݷһ
ãӢŻع, ǲŵ, ȡ
ֻǶ˽Žǲ¡̴˫, ѹӵͳҼǵã㡣
̴, ӢһӺ
ԭͳ-, ֶһ̺֮ɫ
šüȩִ̈һ̴ڵؿڣ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ˣ˷̴, ƭӣҵһȥġ
̴һץס֣۴
һֻӢ򦴦̧Լ
˷ܣ˷һɸȴΪ̫Ӷǻ֣֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ӣ΢Ѱ˼һ̽Ī̴ã
̴°ͣͷš
̴ȻûŮ
Ӣ˵ģӶľţþòš
һȱݵģԸһʼͷֻ˷̫ˣԲűס˻ֵһ̴˱˵ţ۵ױϼ顣
꣬Ϊ˷Լ̳˷ҵĻӣǳԽӢĶӡ
ԻڶѹȲ£ȥԼ
̴ڱһھܾġ
̫Ӣˣ̫Ҫӵˡ
ǸʱĽӢںѾ΢ᣬ̫ӣպ
Ҳûٸ۸ˡ
ѹ֡
̴Ӣֹ˼
ѹʲô
Ӣһѹÿзʱ㶼Ҫ𣬻ſţҲҵ۾ԭҷҷ㣬ǽƻ
Ӣģ̴ںһק֣ڶֻ֮¡
ֻӢӣһµţ۵׾ʵ֮
ҧ´̲סĽȻ뵽ʲôת̴ֵ̧ڵļͷݺݵĵ
ʵ˵ңǲǻȥŮ˷
һ䣬Ӣ̴ԭϣһܲ
Ҳ˹ͷ
ǿӲץסӢļ򣬽ؿϣͷ
̴ƳͷģͷݺݵҧһĶӢһͣĲţ﷢ĵ
𣿡
Ӣҧ촽۵ʪһƬ
ĨһϵᣬŤ˫۹ס̴ڵĲ
ĻһӢ΢΢°ͣĴ
Ȼ̴ڽǹܶΣȴûһĻ
˳һƣŴ㣬һֱ
ҲҲ
Լ΢۾֮У
ӢԺʱ̴ڱڵϷһȦ
Ӣһ˫̴ֵڵؿڣŵ΢һ
˵ǻĽҰ룬Ҳܱ֤һû˹
̴ӣ˷񲻺飬˿˿Ǻð
̴ںƿϵĽš
һ§ӢһֿԺ󣬲ݾܾͷǡ
Уô죿
ǿ
㡭̴ɣ㣬㻵
š
̴ɣ㣬ȵȡʲôʱģ

ţ
̴ã뵵˫ַ˸ӣصҧĴϡ
רĵ㣡
Ӣ빬ãڷ񻨷۵ȹӣߵһա
Ȼ֮٣ȴһ̴ֱ
̴ֻǱŻп̬ܵڽӢ˵ʱ򣬽ݵ
ڿᳵ·ĲŻϣ̴ڱ϶Լ뷨
Ϊ⿪ķԼְֽģ
£Һ飬ֱ̫״Ӱɽ£صĽϢǾþûͣЪ
ǳϣԲ͵ӳŨ顣
*
ʹ̨
йڵϵĴֲ»ԭǼ·ϻÿͽĳʳ
ûɽ亣ζֻ˶ԵĿˣһһһء
ȣְ࣬Щʳ˲Ӭ䶼䲻ߡ
ȻǴһɫĽ˿£ϥڷűߡ
¹⣬Žܿüա
Ȼֻһ֨֨Ϊжˣδᡣ
ȴһ򿪵һհķڱ򿪡
ڵϣȣͷԡ¹Լǰˡ
巡
̴ϣӵ˰ȵǰ
֡
СȣҪһУҸ㡣
*
ʤ̣ʿǸˣ̴ȻҲ
Ӣȴã̴ƺ˵ùͷĥԼÿ춼ÿ̫ܿˡ
سǵ¶£ӪʡҰ⡢Ȫ֡
Ƕôֵĵط̴ڶҪǿԼȥһԡ
ÿζҪеԼҪιȥ߿캰صģ̴ڲſͣסС
ӢԭΪ̴Ǹǵˡ
ȴϣǽ˵õ֮ˡ
һֱѹƵҰͻȻͷˣʹ¡
ӪӢ̴ڵĿף̴ڱŵԲϡ
̴ѹ£Ӣһ˫ֵļͷ
̴ɣ̴һ㣬˼ҿʲôûĥõ۵úܡ
̴ӣַ̧
˾Ͳˡ
ӢĻҡͷ̴ɹ߻˵ٻƭң˼Һ潫ͷ²Ϸڻʹء
Ӣ欵ľ쵽̴ڵǰ
ƣƣǲǻšӢ콿̴ɾ͹Լˬ죬һ㶼ҡ
̴ڶϵӡǣ֪ס֣Ŀڴ
㲻ϲ
Ӣߵתʹ˭ϲĶȤζ
̴ֻڳĬһᣬһ˼ģ
ţҰʱ䣬ооһƪơ
̴ı飬˵ŲĻӢվһ̡
ûӢ̴꣬ڱ˫ּҸ£Բൽϡ
ȰѽյĹꡣ
̴ڲֵ֣ĥӢº̵úܡ
ڴһ߽ЦţһŤš
̴ڸս⿪Ͽ׵ʱͻӪ
ϣūŽӵˡ
¹Ϊһʱ˷ܣӪȴû뵽ȴһ
̴ֻɱڵĿɨ˹ŵó¹һƨڵϣϽͷ
ȥ
ūū͹͹
¹ԲĹӪʺӢŴ̴ڵĻ̽ͷ
ߵһԼĿڡ
̴ɣֳϵص㡣
̴ڳĿףźƺһ
㣬ȥȥˡӢŤŤӣƿ̴ڡ
ץӹԼϣŴ
̴һֲĶԼӢ¹𡣡
ֲû
̴ڲĵ˹Ӣ̧ŵ̴ڵļͷ
ҵ˼ǣ¹϶м̴ɣ̴뵽ĶȥˡӢߵ̧һȻ̴ɿȥɣˡ
ӢĽֺļͷȦȦЦùˡ
̴סĽףһѹӢϥѹļͷ
ͷӢĽűĿȴһֱ˫
ʱ򣬿ɲ׼ޡ

78

̴ڵ, ӢҪԼȣȴôҲš
ӢֻõƲһƬһ䣺̴ɻˡ
¹ڵϣŽŵ棬ɪɪʱ, Ӫʵصı˦
һӳĽѥ, ¹ϣūﰡūŰ, ūûźˡ
̴һļ, ˵¡
¹һ, ԭ˵¶ĵЦݡ
Ͻƨɣè̫ñ, ߵ̴ڵߡ
ϹǽӣȷǷ˴, 񡭡
ϲ, 𣿡
ӭ̴Ŀ⣬¹Цţִ̧Լơ
ٺٺ٣ϲūŵͺá¹ػϻ, ĺϢūŲȲ߻ϰ̫Ӿǻʺ׸磬Ѿλ»ʡ
̴ɫһתͷĪǣǡ
ػϣް˾ӳ͢ң̫ϻȥˡ
Ļּλˣ˳¹̴ڵĶԻӢϲĴӪ˳
ӹǽԽĲã񽫳磬ҲԺúõˡ
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ֻҪԼһԪ˷Լ俴Ԫ˷һ̴ۣڶ
֪ģϱӣǲϲԪ˷ġ

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˵գӢͷһڣ̴ڵϡ
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79

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̫ξĻ, Сͣй̱ڵء
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ԼûҲ֪ûˣƨɺûá
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İɣǲģҪܾĥܾ裬ԶԶȽеķδڷϣңҰ׼ҵ³

80

Ӻ͹, ŻʺĻﱧŰλ
һЦһޣһ˫ʲô鶼ûС
㿴Ůʺ, Ӻ͹Ůһ˵ˡȵͷλϵ, һĨЦݣǹ˰
λʱ, ⴫ľο֨֨ѹ
Խɵͷλ, ûڷеˡ
̴ֻһ, ߷һ˿ϥϸŽӲӵ̺, Ĺͣڰȵǰ
̴˴̺³֣Ҫסȡ
ֻոմȵֱʱ˫һ, λȵķŻԭ
¿յ, ̴΢촽һ㬵ջ֡
סﻹϰȱʲôʲôȥð졣
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ת, ƳһۣﶼǽӢĶžͶģ˰ĶȫðһףһҪȽӢõĶþͶˡ
ȸµĻľӴָһץ
˵ľӴ̴ΪӢ׼ģȻϺʹУԼõġ
żӴϵĵ񻨣ԽԽ
ӴҲҪϰٱǧУ
̴ϸϸĻЦ׵ãСҪģȴ쵽
ȿԼôҲû뵽̴ǸǸˡ
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ҪĥܣڱĽ¹ӲдĻţ
Űŭ𣬾ǶֹסķŶ̴ͷ
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һȵĻ̴ϵ˲佩Ӳ
ջڰͷϵ֣ʹ
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Ĺ˻˻֣޻Ҫ£СҪúϢæ꣬㡣
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81

װ̥ҩڽӢ, Ŀɫš
Ǻɫҩ֭ϹӢ촽ʱȿٵĴǰһ̥ҩ
ʣʺι𣿡СŮһãĿ
еĶ̥ҩüͷ
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ŤͷԼļ, һҹñӳĵطòҩİˡ
ӢЩɻ󣬰ӦðͲÿԼŶԣ˺˰Լ˿ڣ
ûôġ
ͻӢתͷ, ԲԣŲˮ
Լѹȷ²豭ŤĲ˴رߡ
Ӣ˫ۿȣڲҩ˶𣿡
͵ͷЦţӦĺȻĶְ֡Ӣ˵ĵطôû뵽ӦҩЩҩأӢĽ飬ʲôźð
Ӣǿ֣üǵңͼһЩȴ-͵ĶܣˡӢЦһ˵ˣҲʶ
ӢĳȱԹȴȻЦݣͷ
ΪΪ䳰ȷӢĶϣӢбҪĶ
Ӣ˫ۣŰȵı顣
ͷԼСϵ֣Ӣ
հڶԼӡ
ȻüûԶҲڰ˼±Ӿ˹ȥ
ŰսƻӢϸϸϱӵ飬Լʱб˶
һУ
̴ڵĺӣ
Ӣǿסļά治ɫְǿ˰ȵ֡
ȣҪӣȥȥ
ֻɫһӱʮѿְ̧ӳĵط
ץ˿ڣĿĿŽҧ˫۵ð亹ĽӢ
Ӣ㼸£ĺˣڳԶԱͰͷ
˿һšʺɫѪҺ͸ɴȲŵóѵ˦̤˷š
ϣӢɫҰ׵ҧ촽˿ʹҲԼʹ
ĸԼĶӣֵļᶨ
ûи⺢Լ೤ʱˣӢź̴ڻ͵ӣһǰһ˵Ҳڰ֮ǰ
Լ⼸ӵ̶⺢˵Ҳˡ
ӢŤͷ˩Լüͷ
ϱӰԼ룬࣬ɱԼĻ֣Ӣĵױ󷸺
̴ںĺӡ
̴ԼΨһ롣
Σȵ
*
ҹӢڴϣƻαסӣαסԼʹɳɳɳ
ӢΪķûᣬȴٳٲͣԽԽǷ
תͷ򷢳ĵطһƣﾹӳһ˵Ӱ
ӢüһֳӴȥǴͱܷˣƲ
ū澡
Ӵӷ϶дӢ۾һæŲ߶ŲŲ
й𣿡
ǣɻã
ӢſڴϣһȦСãֻ涼ǰȵˣйôģ
ˣų̄£Ĺ죬ĵطû˱ū澸
йһ˵ţһ߾е
ŶߵһŴϰͷͷץ˹ŽӢķ䡣
֪ﶼǰϵӣų̄ԿҲȥūһ׼ʱġ
ӢĻĵһů
ǻйĶˡ
йe䣬ūţ˷һ˷ﵽʱٻū澵Ķǡ
ӢԼĶӣһЦ
йȻӡ
ӢüͷһЩй桭
йĬһǿڵﻹǽڰҪ
ԭӢֻǴӰȵĿ̴ڵѶﻹһϣ񡭡
ӢʹͷһӴۿ˳
˫ŶӣҲͲסĳ
Ӣйһ촽СУϣǵҪĺΪأҪǰ
Ӣűӣ̧Ĩһϵᡣ
ŬƽĲɺȴʵܡ
ймҪİġ
ﾡ˵
ӢָڴϣҺӵ·ݣй뷨ӣȷ⺢ҶＸˣ⣬Ҫٰ׼һ߲ҩмǣκ֪
йһϾΪѡ
߲ҩӣǲġ
ӢͷԼĶӣҧأ˲Щˣ뵽Ψһܻס⺢ӵķӡ
ӢйӦȻˣūһ¡
йһ£˵ˣй㡭
֣йϳ˴ñ顣
˫ֽץԼֱǸʳˣֻ鲻ūģūΪɱԹá
Ӣ΢㣬ΪЩҧйŵģȻǡ
˵ǰ飬ʱչкֵܶ鷢ūãͬһΪֻ֮ūĿǰû׼ȷ֤ݣ¶ۡ
˭
йһڣ

Ӣǰӣ֡
һ뵽ıȨ̴ڵλ֪Լļƭˡ
ĳǸ֮Լġ
ϾԼϱʮķޣϵƽͣһ㶼˽
Ҳܲô࣬ҪģǶ̴ڵĺӡ
ӢŤͷӴʵй֪ںδ
УεǰǺԪ˷һġ
Լ̨Ԫ˷ҲǱѺ
ū澻֪һЩģ񱻹ˮΣȻЩҲÿպóԺúȵźţū˵ǵĻϣҪسǵ̫ξ£
ӢϸϸĻ̴˵ͼ˼ȷ
̫ξһղ齵̴˵ĻʵۣаȵĻʺ֮λһհ
˿ԼҲõԪ˷İΣˡ
Ļͷթһһӳȥġ
*
ܿ죬˷Ҷַˡ
ܾߵֵĶݣҲ̶̼ա
ӢĶȴһдۿžҪӳʱˡ
⼸ÿպóԵĺúȵţΪĺӣûٶԼȭߣɻÿնҪԼǰ䳰ȷϰ죬δ뿪
ڰȵĳӢҶȫϡ
ĳʳҲúõȫԸɾ
Ӣ֪Ӷ԰ȵҪԣԼº֮ǰķʳǾԵİȫġ
ΪԼԵ̫ˣ̨⼸˲٣Щ˩ӣճ˺ӡ
⼸̴ڵ飬Ҳû֡
ҹӢڴϣһԼԲĹĵĶӣһ죬׸㽲γΪ˷սĹºòã
ŶĶӢЦ֪ҵϲ
Ӣ׼ڽ£㴫èĽ
Ͳè﷢Ӣ¶˾ϲı飬Ͽ커ԼĶӣŲ˴ӱߡ
͸ӵķ϶ӢһµŮӡ
СС𣿡
ӣҰҡСЦţ˫ֺݺݵİŴӷ죬ū澾Ͳţ
ŴӷƹƹҵӢŵֹŪ˱Ūˣһᱻ˷־Ͳˡ
Сĵһȭͷ˴ϣɷ۸ҼӣūҪȥɱǸ׼
Сȥˣй˵ͷùöڹＧڣˡ
СһСڷ϶ϣ۾ӿɱֻˣĹģ˵һū澾ƤĽ
˵ʲôӢĻ͵Ŵ˫ۡ
ū˵ֻĹΡ
ǣ㷽˵˵
ӢԼĶӣͨͨͣ
û

82

С͵ס, Բ۾࿴˿
ȷĴ˺ŷС֣˴ӵķ϶ϡ
ԶԶԣū澵¡С˸۾С, ūǺò״س͵͵ܳ, ûֻǱ׵Ǹץˡ
ɣӢŵĵɴ˫ۣ¶ôйϵ
¶ø, ū澴һ·ҲûףūһҹƼＧڽʿǵˮвҩ, Щʿ, ȥ˻ϵӪ֮Ҫд̻, Ȼ֪Ǹ׳ҲˣʹＧͻһ뿪ˡ
Ӣ˫ץŴأĵɻء
λ, ˺ܳı, ͼƻˣ̴ȥسǴ̵ʱ֡
ＧСǴͨ籨ŵͷӳǣȥ̴ڣļ£ôһ·ȻĴﵽسǣ
ԭֻһ
Ｇ
Ｇȥس, ҲＧ̴µҩ
Ｇˣ
ЩֺʲôϵأӢʵͷ̴ۣ֪ڻúõĻž㡣
ӣйū澴ġ
СпٳһСҩӴӵķ϶е˽ȥʲôѽ
ӢҩڱǼ⴦ţüͷ滺
Ǵ߲ҩ
йأ
Сָָ棬Сū澷ŷأӣū;ȥ
Сߣӣ⴦γذףӢ͵سҡͷ
УǾӲȥģǱȵ˷ֲҺͺΣգҲйӢԼĶӣҩ
ӣ⺢ӻһ¾ҪˣһֱŵҲǺӳһ졣
һ⺢ֱߣ֮һǾҪϱһˡ
ӢҩԽԽᶨ
С˵ҪպʱмǣһҪʱˡ
ӢᶨĿ⣬С˫ֳڴϣ¶ֱͷ
ţ˵ʲôū澾ʲô
Ӣϸϸһ⼸úûԼðǷˣ⣬й˵ˮӶȻᰲ֣ȥ̽̽Ϣ
Ԫ˷зӴˮӳԼ⺢ӣһʤ㡣
һƵϢС۾һ
գ۾͵ţӷģСڶǳµġ
СΣģӢµСѾͷŵ˼
Ԫ˷Ӣˬɣϰ֮ˣҲѹСѾͷᶯ˴ġ
Ӣοĵͷã߰ɣµġ
СгĵͷַʧҹɫӢ˶һһѲ
ĵں˴ӣɻشϡ
ӭ¹⣬ӢһԼ߸¡Ķϣһ־ǰ߲ҩ
úǧҪһ֮
*
պ
СκĲݴͷϲƬҶų֦ڵԼ
Ѱһĵˣû뵽ΰصһֻӬɲȥ
Сһ뵽ļϵˮܾĥԼ޿κΣýҧÿ֨֨졣
ϾǺԼʱҲ֪ܲҵᣬ͵͵
ȰȰȵСĶӶˣһ
ͽ޹һ졣
Сֹһ䣬Ҫתߡ
ˣ
СٵĲؽ¶һ˫Բ۾̽š
ЩʯһǾȻܽˣʲô飿
ãԼҲܳһȥ
Сվƨɣһ˫ֱס͡

СȲͣţκ̫󣬸Ѳ
ֻĿεĴűĹϣһȥϣûˡ

СɾˮԼȥӢ۾أ
СżһӺ۾ձƽݺݵҧ˵ֱϡ
ֻ˺һɿ֡
Ѿͷǹ𣿡
ϤСһҪγذ׵֣Ҳͣ䡣
ٵתһͷͼԪ˷һ߾ſȣһ߳ʹĴűԼҧӡӵֱ
Сķһ˱Ԫ˷ϡ
Ԫ˷ŵ㣬㣬һҪȥء
Ԫ˷εľĿȣбŹԼϣһһѵС
Ѿͷ޵ģհԼʱ䣿
ţıȻԼˣ
Ԫ˷ĽԼקԼļ򣬶ҧһĿȡ
ͷԪ˷ӣС̧Ĩȥϵᣬһӵɻ
㲻Ǳؽˮôôпȳԣ
Ԫ˷߱˦˦Լ߸ߵβҲСү˭СүҷӢǿɶһĴڣȻóԵĺúȵĶøϡ
ǣôӳģҷſЩǶȥˣΪߵ𣿡СͷĿһϣתƵеĿϣӲ¿ˮ
ȻСүЩεǶϲңԵ¡
ʵǣԪ˷Դӱץ󣬾һֱˮ˰ࡣ
ʱ춼ַҪӳȥЩǵۼЩӥ
ˮˮˣԼӡ
ǺòЩԼ˾裬˵Сơ
ԼҵӳĻᡣ
ˮĻʳǲ
Ԫ˷߽ζĿſȣһĶӽ
ͷ԰ͰͶԼС
ԭΪѾͷǱԼӢסˣһֱԼ
ƣڿԼڿĿȰ
Ԫ˷촽´ˣ
С͵ͷͰ͵һֱ棬һ춼ûԶˡ
ӣԪ˷һĿȣֵݵǰ
Сģ˷ܵŴͣԪ˷üһٵջ֣ĻЦ
ߣͲԣ
Сͣʧĵͷ
һƬģˡ
˶ǻģһڿȶԼԡ
СίͰ͵ҪʱԪ˷˺һСƬ⣬쵽͡
Сߵ⣬ͷԪ˷
ֻԪ˷ͷø߸ߵģûпԼȴ֧֧СүҲƤͣ͸ɡ
СӵĽӹ⣬ﵨսľãٵ
һ̵߽ĿȣСЦ۾г״
ôóԣǶͶ̥𣿡Ԫ˷
С̵Сͣ˵ֱͷ
ó԰Ȼóˡ
ιԼء
۾Ԫ˷Ŀȣգ۾ǣǺǿƤҲҳ԰ɡ
Ԫ˷޼ĿȣֱҰ졣
ɴཫȶС˳㽫մŵͣĨС·ϡ
Ҳ֪Ӣʲô۹⣬ѡ̴ڣѡ㣬аˡ
СߵҧųԹĵطһƬӣҲԾĿʼı
ӺͻǾ䣬ңҺ͡
С͵͵һԪ˷۾͵͵г״
ҺҲǾѽ
أǹĶˣ
Ԫ˷䲻һ仰СŻع
ԣӻԽҪġ
СĨͣĿ⾼ӱ̨ˣҪҽȥ
Ԫ˷ӣתͷãСүͬһ𡣡
̨
ͷĹһ뿪Ӣǰҩۡ
ȥһˮȴԼ̫Զ̫ԶˣֻҨһҩ۵˽ȥ
룬Ӣ˫ѾʼֹסĲ
һȥҲûлͷ·ˡ
ͷԼĶӣҧأͷҩȵһɶ
˲һյĹСʹбð亹
ӢϾһεˣɺϱȣ˿̵ʹй֮޲
Ŭ齵ķȥɻδȿӣСʹ̱Ĺ˵ϡ
һ͸ȹӵѪӢԼĶӣץŴء
ѲߵüͷǷԼҪ飡
ӢͷڴڵĴԼѡ
ֳ̧ץŴᣣһͷҧ۶۶ᷢ
Сʹеѣ˿źˮգͷҲһµı
šŵüź飬ɫҲҰ׵òֱӡ
ӢڵϣƴȫҲܿصĳ鴤ţһصѪˮ
˺ѷεȫں̽ӡ
ҹĻ٣Ԫ˷Сйϵ̨ʱһлɭϵӡ
Ԫ˷СӢ⣬ӺȻʵʵһûС
Ƕ˶ϰ֮ˣӳŵѪζϤġ


83

СŵͷһԪ˷, żƴӡ
¾ԱѲߵֻ͸һʳָķ϶š
ɻûʲôͱԵԪ˷Ƶһԡ
ӢӢСүҰԪ˷ݺݵİŴ, ޲ý涤ŵľ
ٳĶ, ˱ǶѪζ˵ԣԪ˷һδ˺¹
СүҲľӣ
Ԫ˷ܲ˵Ҫľʱ, ﴫӢϸ΢
СС
ӢĺС۾һ, æ˵ԼǰԪ˷, Ŵ濴š
ֻһƬӢһӴ¶ͷ
ӭ¹⿴, òӡ
ģӢСµһӿۿ
, ô, Ǹ׼𣿡
ֻӢҡҡͷһĪҪĶ
ţӢƴȫ˴齣Ѫ
СһסԼ͡
, δҲʱ򣬻һѪ
СĽĿһתƵĻ۾һ
Ǹѽ
ССŴŴĺӰ
С˿ӣֿ˿Ӣ
ǣǡ
ӢͷŽСĺӣ۵ƣУ͸¶ĸ
ҵ
ǰĸĻ棬Ԫ˷һ˫ۿնġ
Լˮ˰Ĺ򣬽ӢӶˣ
Ԫ˷һʯͷԼͷ£־˸顣
ףûлˡ
СԵĶӢתߣһʧǵԪ˷
ļһЦݡ
֪СүľǸˮζǹزסġ
ȻĳԼǰҲ˽Լһ׮¡
ǣⲻС̫𣿡СŲӿĺӡ
Ӣšüͷָ⻮ӵա
СҺͻϵĺӣ˷̫ӣҪˡ
ӭӢĿ⣬Сһ֪תͷһԪ˷
ʲô˼
ʲôнԼ
С书ҺͻĲģҽ⺢и㣬ȥ࣬ȥҵĻ֣ҵĻֶҪӡ
ӢĻСģǼҲ
ʵǣأūҪӺС̫һ߰
ӢҡҡͷӰȻһͬȥӣȥֻǵۣҲӡ
ͷŻĺӣӢĵѹֵúܡ
Ⱳӣ۸Ĵۣȵ
ΪȱԼĹߣ˶Ѫ׶ʹɱֵˡ
˼ȥĿǰΨнȥȫġ
Ӣ̧ͷԪ˷
СһҲЩ
ȴԪ˷ᶨӢ㲻ҪңСүҽ϶Ҿ
Ӣ˵ʲôӦ
Ԫ˷Ӣ΢ţỽš
ţ
ֻϲ̴ڰ
Ԫ˷ôҲû뵽Լ˵ôһ仰
ֻҪը
ŽӢᶨӣԪ˷ĵ˿
ƿǰС˫ֳ˴ϡ
㡭ˣ
ӢЩȴԪ˷Ļ˼硣
ֻԪ˷˫ۣ˫һ
ȱľ嶤Ĵӣ˲ɼ꣬ڵϡ
Ÿ̫߰Ԫ˷һߴľСĲ졣
СûԪ˷лعôһƣֱԭ
űпСٵĴӢĻﱧС̫ӣĿ
ӡ
ӢСĺӣۿ˲
һľмСǰͷںӵĶͷϡ
ߣߣ
Ӣ˵գСҲֱϡ
Ԫ˷СΧķű㱻ҵƿ
ǿ紵˽ӢĿȴĶŴһûӰˡ
ʮָץµӡ
һصľмҲһˣѪľòԡ
죬ȥʺ
ϢʱֻңϡǽϡҡҷĴ϶Ѫ
ջĿ⣬ŴŵĽӢ
һ˹ȥҰ׵ƽ̹Ķӡ
أ
ţѹĵ׵ŭһð
Ӣ˵ȳһһ顣
㣬أ
ӢڴϣͷɢŴ⡣
ö֮ĮĻӦһ䣺ˡ
ˣһקŽӢͷԼ
ˣʬأӵʬأ
Űȵ˻ŭӢɫƽ̧֣ǿ֡
ӵ棬ˤˡ
һ䣬סĲӣӴϵ˵ϡ
ô̶ӢΪºӣúܡ
ôһϣǺ޻ֵأֻſڵϣս˫ȭ
ӢҺͱˣ˼ǲ˰ɣȺ۾ץͷ
ĺӣԼΨһָ
ûӣӢΪԼܻʱ
Ǻӷһ²裬ɽӢȴԼԲľͰѺˣѺӲ

ӢŲӣ촽ɵѾƤ
죬ɳƵˣҵĺˡ
ŽӢԼװɵʲô˵ӣͷŵĻ˲ʢ
ŽӢͷĶͷݺݵײڴϡ
һʹ
ˣ㻹Ÿʲô㻹Ÿʲô
Ⱥ۾Ѿʧȥǡ
ŽӢͷϱײѪȵԽԽˬ졣
ӢԼ·Ҳù
һ߷ħЦţһĥһֻĬĽӢ
ֱӢĶͷѱײø߸ڲһСȣס֡
Ӣ͸ͷǰҵķ˿ȥ̴ˡ
ڵĴǰԽģȻһʧȥʶεڵء
ô
Ƚˤڵϣתͷϵ̴ˡ
̴˻һȦĿѪȣ΢üͷ˱ӡ
Ӣãڲ
̴˵Ȼվгһ˲Լָ
һ̴ˣԹӢ˱ȫϣǲùġ
̴λߡ
ˣźߵġ
ƣ˫ֽ߬ӣüëšһ㻹Ͻȥ׷Ѻ
̴˵ʹ
ķˣûбǾǹԮ
̴˵ĻȲĵĵһۡ
㻹ûã
ѹ̴ϻλ̴ͬȣ̴ǿһӵĳǸȴǰݾ֮ûУ
ȵͷһ۵ϲʡµĽӢ˦̨
·ϣСӱ޵׷Ԫ˷󣬽żŲӡ
㣬㣬ŵС̫Ӱ
ӷС̫ӽԼչˣãһǾͽ̫˹ȥϵĻ
Ԫ˷קһֻǰĺӡ
㶯˾ţô˷̫ӡ
Ԫ˷˵ţ߼ӿٶȡ
Ž⺢͵࣬Ϳӱ޵ĸϻȥӢȳ
ԼôʯĳԼҲܲ
СƲƲͣ׷ࡣ
С̫Ļ˯ȣСŰ
ԥ˺þãתͷԪ˷㣬ˣ
ô𣿡Ԫ˷һۣ˵СүвգСүԪ˷
Сգ۾ĬĬĴͷ
ѹôϤԭҲǺ˼ҡ
Сͣþֹһ䣺ƺһЩ
Ѿͷ˵ʲô
СҡҡͷקЦտС̫ӣģһ·һúñģ
ޣСүһһСѾͷ˺ԼСүĺȾˡ
СͷߴһЦС˼ء
*
ٴε̨֮
Ϊ̨ĹǴϢӢ֮ǰ̫һˡ
һ䣬һ۾ͿͷɢڵϵĽӢ
ͷϵһ㶼ûˣ˫ҧԼͷ˿ʱʱɵЦš
ϸüһߵǰ
ȴӢûԼڵϣԼͷ
ǰһӡ
ӢҪڱǰװɵɲһװ
ֻӢ̧ͷһ˫޹
Ӣڽ𣿡


84

һ, еðһʹ졣
˵Ӣɵˣ֪ŮһӵĻӣֶݶ
˵Լǰװɵһߡ
°ͣͷԼ
Ӣú, ˭
Ӣͷ, ͷһ㶡
Ļ˾䣺ý㡣
ЦţԸ򦡣
˵˵Ư𣿡
ֻӢϥ, ͷϸϸ
޹¶˫ۣĺͯһ
, һ䣺ÿ
, ȵɫ˲
һƴӢϣĻ
Ůɵ, ȻԼ
ϱһƣӢ˫գڵϺ
, , 㲻Ǻý㣡
ŽӢڵôӣȲеɵˡ
ɵҲãɵԼͿΪΪĥˡ
ȵóѵĶࡣ
ţнӢ
Ӣֹͣ˿̧ͷ, ͰͶ
ҽнӢ
ǸЫĳ˵ļˡ
Ӣһ±ӣżɪɪʲôʲôǼˣӢ
ͷЦͷս
ˣ㰡
*
磬̨һİȣ׷׵ͷ
Ҳ֪ôģԴ̨ŵɵˣλ»ʺĴǸƵˡ
Ӣԣ
һԸԶԶĽӢٵЦţӹ˵ӹ롣
һ棬ݵ˽Ӣǰ
ԣⲻԵ𣿡
ӢͣҡͷҪҪӢӢˣˡ
ӢҪӵġ
һ˵ţһ߽͵ǡ
Сȡ
ſͻðȷ˿ӣŤͷ˹ȥ
̴ˡ
̴üһе棬֡
ôˣ
ԭͲϲ̴ˣ֪Ů͸ϲˡ
ΪӢĺӱߣȸǲԸٴһۡ
̴˵ͷ𣿡
ŤͷһųӵӢ˵⼸ձȷˣǴɣȲɵˡ
⼸գǸӢιӣǸ༫ҩǰ㲻ܾ¶ǡ
Լ˵ôĻҲͻһһɵЦֽкá
Ⱦô꣬δʹ
ڰѽӢڽˡ
ûϣûĲڽ£
Ǻ죬ȥס
ף
ȲŵĿ̴ˡ
ҪѽӢȥף
Ϊʲôͬ⣡
ûĥӢҪĥӢһӣĥŸġ
̴˵ͷתϵİָǰ׳ãԸһ֮ǱǸһŮˡ
Ťͷһ۽ӢмҪŮ
̴˵ͷ
ҪΪ檡
檣
ۣЦü۶Ҫ˻
Ӣһ˭ȻҪȥһң
ʹ죬ʹ죡
Ӧˣȵͷɨ̴ˡ
š̴Ҫȥ֣ȴָⶼûȾͽֱ
̴˵ͷۡ
ɵֵ֣еţ˷ǲеɽ֮λá
ֵֵϢַųġ
ʵûֵУһв粼õ塣
͵ʱ죬̴ȥһ̣
̴Уɱ
ƱĵӣŴӵ̶д⡣
һŮˣǵٻֵá
ĻͷһۻɵĽӢ
ɾôߣģ
ӢѾĥ˳ɵɺ̴ӣ͸ң˵̴ҲãӢҲãõĥ
̴˵꣬ͷŰȡ
˵С˵ˣһŹ
*
͵ʱһӢȥ׵һ죬ȥˡ
Σû˶⡣
Ϊ֪¶Ūȣ͸Ūʹ죡
ƿεӣһ˫ֵĽӢ
㣬㲻ҪӢ𣿡
ĿȽЦţҪȥõط
̧°ͣЦеġ
˵գȽ˦ַӡ
ŻĿȻֵ߰ɡ
Ӣ˭ңҡ
ʹŸոտʼ
*
׳ǡ
ϲ⣬һĴϲۣһƣһźƱ
ևNɪ߿˷š
С˶þòš
˦һ¶ͷǰЦ÷ŵ
ȴӢһϲڴϣ˯㡣
Լôһ
ſӢԼǰ޵û찵أȻӲϹء
ô˯ˣҲ̫Լˣ
̧ţš
żӢ˯ˣſſƳһۡ
ҹûʼСô۳أָ°ͣӢû뵽ɣҵ
ž
ӭһƣȵɶһ
ӦʱӢѾ˵˴ǴﱧͷڵɵĿԼ
Լգ̧˴齣˹ָ
ӢɵĴδˡɳ˳Լӣҹ
Ӣҡҡͷǻˣǻˡ
һָ̧Ҳ˰С
İӢǱʲô
һŲǰҪ̽ĳͷŮͷͳ˹
󻵵
ͷ޻˵Ʈţҵɲͷϵ޻ҲһŶһš
ɷǰ޻һͷ˵ϡ
ֿٵסӢ˫֣˴ϡ
˺һɲĿϡ
һ޻Ӣ̴͸ҵС檣ǾɵŮˣǴӻǲӣ㶼ҵġ
ɸŽӢȴһ±ӣȻ
ŵɻһ˦˫֡
ԽӢǱҵӣӦôŶ԰ôˣ
ɵ˰ɽĶɿһԾ¶һ˿Цݡ
ס˽Ӣգһ۽һ
£-Ȥֹס˵Сɵӣ๫һ
ſŷĶͻȻֻһ˺ѷεĺУţͼǵĳ˫۴˳
ģȻҵ۾һ۾һĺţˣˣ
ǣҪǽȥɱǸŮˣ
ɷ˫֣۾һӣݺݵĵһΧǡ
ɱʲôɱǱİ檣ǹ뷿-Ȥ
Ƿ׷ҡͷɷĻֺǸϽ뿪
תŴȻһƬ谵ӡ
ȤһЦ
̶ҰбĽźˡ
˵գҰ죬˸ȥ
ڶգ׳Ǿʹˡ
˵ǵĳ˸ѸңǸѸǸɵӣ
ɪһһһϸëŪǰɵɵĽӢ
ԼëĴƮ£ɱ̲סЦݣӡ
Ūãȩ̈°͡
ĶҹСɵǲӦòΪ򰡣
ֻӢͷһãʲôжķӣӢҪҪ
ëƴӽӢĲ»
ͣؿڴ
ϸһۣȻСɵӲ֪ʲôǾΪúý̽ɡ
˵գëһѽⱧѹһԵľϡ
˫ָҪǿ½ſھʹŮӵ
˾ˣ
ʧ̾һӣվڵˡ
ôͷǵؼʱɨأ
ſڵＧ˽ڽӢϵ
һɵЦŵĽӢüͷ
㲻
ͻȻǿӲＧɴһֱ۵˾ҷѾ˼ļ檣Ҫ˾ӵģ
Ｇһۣ˾Ҫӣȥʮȥ۸
ǣ˷Ǳô꣬ûѧᣬѧ˽
һһٵĽӢ˼ϣһƵĴＧ˳ȥ
Сӣܴ˵¶˾һͷˣ
˽ɪ˦ְѽӢȻҲϡ
ݣ
׳ǣקŽӢ֣Լ䡣
Сɵӣ§ˣ


85

ӿ, ա
ɿ˰ɳͷ֮ǰǵɳĮߴ
ͷűɳ۾ĽӢͷȥЩɰ
ô׵ķⲻ˷ɣ
ŻŤŤһɵģĽӢ, ζһЦ
ָԶһ׹̫, ÿ𣿡
ٳٵȲӢĻӦŨüһס, ˿Լļͷ
ŽӢԾһٸܵץ
, 
ŽӢ˫, ȵ
ǻͷߵĵط°, Ⱥ۵ʨϴŲɺӵʢ
ֻҪԸ⣬֮, Ȩ, ͨͨĽ£Ϊ㳼
ɽͷϵĽӢһת߸ߵı
һɵ¶ĽӢɵ۵׽
Ը𣿡
ֻӢ˫ץļŲ, ίĵᡣ
£Ӣ¸ߡ
ŽӢɪɪֵ̿ģɵͷһ
۵׵
ٴ̧ͷʱָֻյķŵͷ
ٴνԼļͷһƨɣãáðΪСɵӻؼҶඡ
˵գһߴ߳׵ҥһ̤Ϧɳ
ǣŵգһ㼣
ҹȥ˸ЪϢ
Ƕ˵˸Ȿ
Ȣ˸ź˵ɵӣĽɪס
Ǳ
ҹʱɪһƬž
Ѳߵ֮󣬷űĵƿ
ӢһɫĶС̽һȦŵ˳ȥ
˸ڴԣĽӢ
˴ǡ
ү˯úúõôˣźĲ𣿡
ûйͷһļͷ
ɰǿ˫֣Ƶһԡ
ǲ뱻ϳȥʵʵı죬ȥ˯
һһۡ
˸شߴӴһȥǶĽɪ
ԴӽɪǸɵŮˣүյ˸ޡ
ÿʱ῿Žɪ
˳Դ׵ƲƲ͡
ȻôǸɵŮˣڽɪˣ˸ʲô
Ӣ˫ñܣԼʵʵġ
⼸սɪĶ̽ˣû̴ڵټ
ҲѰ̴ڵĺۼҪ취һȥԶĵطѰѰˡ
ºӵǰһգй͵͵Լ
ϺܵĻ
˵̴һֱһɽˣ̫ξسǣ顣
̫ξģΨеˡ
й̽Ϣ˵ҪԼΪ
һõϢӢԭü̥ɺϸ룬ⲻԼΨһһλ
ܽɣӳȵĽ-
ң̴Ҳף
һ̣֮һмƻ
ҪװɵȵĹǣ˳̴˵˼Լ͸ɡ
칫һҹȰͷ;ײʹԼװɵļƻӵȱ
֮ǼգǶĵ棬Ǻҩ
۰ƭԼʲôԥ˳Űȵ˼
Ƕĵ÷
ҹΪЩҩð亹СֹסĽʹ
ûйϵ
ֻҪӳȥҵ̴ڡ
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Ӣͷﴦȥ㴫žžવ
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ļ澣ҹ˴
ϤӢɫһ
תӣװһɵģ
ңҪޣﲻסˡ
ȻＧ
ӢͰͶĿѩƥϵＧϳɵĵȴ
ǵõһ׵һΣＧ˵
ϻӱޣӢˬģӢĵЦš
ô꣬ӡ
ԭＧ
ɵĻǲֶΣＧȴں󹬵Ļ֮࣬
ＧⳡıǸˡ
ֻＧƥϷ¡
졣
ǣһ߾ޣһߵӢǰ
˴ֻҶˣװɵˣӢ
Ӣͷšڣ֧֧ӢɵǸɵӡ
̴ڲȥҲͽ޹
Ｇ⻰Ӣ۵׺
˫̧֣ͷժ˶
سǣµĶ
ӢжαװҴźĿԼＧƥηĵͷ
ǣұ׸̴ڣļ檣˷İô꣬ȴľôһ졣
ＧתͷӭӢĿ⣬һ˫鶯ǲԶĺ⡣
̴ɱˣҲúɱ𣿡
ＧĻӢ˫ۡ
һＧɵĳƺ
Ｇ˾ˡ
һ̣ӢĵеͲ⣬ȫӭжˡ
ɡＧ̴ˡ
һġ
Ｇ֣Ӣ׻ΨһµѪǣҲǿ˵׹
ӢĿָ⣬һ
Ȼ
ǵʱΪɱ̴ڵЩֵ˰ɡＧЦҡҡͷҰŵģǵĻϣ̴ˡ
Ӣϸϸյ顣
ɱ̴֮ƵͷϣҶ̴ںԪ˷İģҵ˿ìͷתֵС
ǵʱ̴ڣԼǰƽǵ֮С
ǶЩĲʣд̿͵װתƵߡ
ˣֵӢηô׵Ŀ׵ĵؽ磬׵أ
ＧµȦףҪ˷ֵеìܡ
Ϊ֮αװֵ֣̺·
ԣЩֻǿţѹЩ£̴ֻˣڵϣҲǺδ𡣡ӢЦһıûǳԶ
ȴＧмһЦҡͷ
ֻЩǿɾ̫Сˡ
Ӣ΢üͷĶＧһһ
Ｇ΢򦣬ӭĿ
ǵϦ𣿡
Ϧ磿
Ӣĵ׻ţѾǺþúþ֮ǰˡ
Ǵѵı棬ĸ򣬽ӢϻۣȻǲŵģ֮ɹǰȣǰ
ＧĻϵĹ顣
Ӣ΢ſڵ㡣
գ֪Լȥģϡȡʵһˡ
Ｇ
ҲＧԼ˰ȺͷһҪԼС
ԼȻɹ
ػһΣȻ˵ķӢǰ޿ֵＧ޲ƴԼ
ＧһС㣬㵱й֮޲
ӢĪҪ㿴͸ҡＧţ˵ţҺͰȲͬҪ㣬ԩ޳ôҲͳѪӲɱ޹֮¡
ＧԴ䣬Ӣֻô˵İ仰ˡ
Ϧѵı棬ԭͲΪ׼ġＧ¶⣬ԭҺΪ̴׼֮·ֻδ߽ȥ㣬
Ｇһյ飬ĵ׻ֵĲġ
ͰźһУ̴ȥ׹ףȫʬ
ǧ㣬ȴûϵȺͷĴŮ˱ƻˡ
ѣ̴ȥҽӢ
Լ˳ˮ۵װɺˣѽӢС
˳İеɡ
Ӣ˵ǺˣǺͬˣӦңҵġ
ԣϣҸлҵĲɱ֮֮ǰߵǷٵӣýã
ءＧȻܾټ˵ýã㲻̫𣿡
Ӣ°ͣһüǡ
ǣ⡣Ӣ´϶񣬵һۣתﴦȥ
ӢĴҺõķϣҲװɵɲ֣Ȼ̴˽͸Ҿ˾ˣһǷȰ㰲ؼúôΪá
Ӣͣס˽Ųбɨ
ðؼ˾ɲŶԡ̴ڵˣɲңұ㲻Ϊ˲ءͲ֪鲻⣬иӵľ˾ˡ
ŽӢвＧһ㶼̹úܡ
ɾŮ˶һ̲࣬Ǿ˾ˣϡ
ＧͲýӢúʰʰ
ＧתӢã̴ڲ׷ѹˡ
ǽＧڶκԼ˵仰ˡ
Ӣ͵תӣݾܾĿ
ң̴


86

Ｇ, һ仰˵ĲȥӢ˫ֽץϵĶ
ȻＧԼ࣬һȥҡ
׵ÿһ䣬ǷɳͷҲһҪҵ̴ڡ
ûʲôֹܸ
֮Ӣ￪ʼ, Ｇ˵ġ
, ȥĵط˸׳죬Ҳûҵ̴ڡ
˿ûС
ɪӢͷָͷ, Ŭװɵģ
̧ͷ, š
ɳɤ, ǰӡ
ӢʵǲԸְסһɧ, ֻܲԸ̧ͷ
Ŷӵƿƿ޹ޣ鱦Ӣĵ׳Ц, ȴ¶㯡
ɼԼ, °ͣ˸ۡ
һϲ𣿡
ܱ׳ǣеĺöˡ
ôöС˶ܿϵġ
ɺ, ˡ
ǰĽӢһֱָͷͷɵĿ
ϵĶһ۶û
ӢǿԼ
Ҳա
װɵԼеʱ档
һһסӢ
Щﶼ벻С˶ۡɴ¿ڣζСϲҿҪҰ
ҪӢװʲôʱ
ϣӢ붼û룬˦֡
˫°ͣĿתƵϵЩ鱦ϡ
Ӣ죬±ӡ
һǶѶ˸ģ򿪡
ӢĶŲӣԾͷ
Ȼǵչ۹Ȼס
ݺѪɺϡıһۿʱ̾Ϊֹݡ
һ㶼֪Ӣ֮ⲻھơ
װűľϻӡ
󣬹Ӳʵ
ٸҶԼֶţ
Цţͷ֡
ŵС˶һϡ
򿪸ӣɽƵӢǰ
ΪҾͲ֪ˣˡ
׿ɵĵ̣һ˼ͷ˼ֻһ
ӢҺԼˣ˼
档
ӢһǰڵˮͶĵθ﷭
ԴԼ͵ףÿĶٵĸԼ
ÿζҪԼȵĸɸɾһβʣŰݡ
Ӣ֪Լףȥʲô
Ӣϥϵ˫ֽ߬š
ɴΪˣֶ
Ƿ˶
ûҵ̴ڣԼǹԮݷҲ
ӢֽƵԶЩúȣġ
ϣ׼
ӻͳһУһɫ״ѿǣѵԱߡ
ʲôڣСɵӡ
Ӣһǿǣֱ
ȴֻǿŭװɲģ
ãӢûסǿƵĿ⡣
ѣͷȥ
ǿŸ˷ǹӢ̧첲һƣڵء
ȹ̨ǶʱգʲôͷԼûܹģ
ˮڡ
עŽӢЭĺ֭ѡ
Ĺ𴽽ǡ
ԾҪｭӢ죬ȴС˵
ں÷ţ͸ᱡĴֽɪ￴һۡ
ȷӢԼʵתһԵСˡ
£
СҲһȦɵĶֹ˼䡣
ֻԭݣһ㽩Ӳ
ѿúܡ
Ťͷһ۽ɪĽӢƵԭⲽһᣬת󲽵ĳȥ
*
ࡣ
СӣӲǲǣ㼸ӾȻһԵҳߣţ
ϺүŰӣԺ׷Ԫ˷
˿̵СƵģԪ˷ŵǰ
ǰһµЩ
Դĵؽ磬С֪Ԫ˷ǶôĹá
ֱصͨ뺣ͨ衣
ԷӶûġ
С̫ӽԪ˷ٵۻ˷ȥӡ
ȴ⻹ûͱԪ˷ĵ˸š
ⲻøǽԪ˷ֽӲ˻
˳СҲһͬ˺
㣬㻹Ҷ˼С㻹ǲǸˣǲǸˣϺүһѾסԪ˷ӣ˳
һȥԪ˷һɤӣƨڵϡ
ҴˣҴˣҰɡԪ˷˫ֱȭľٹͷôˣôܴƨأһӶҡ
㻹Ҫӣ㶼ϵҵӶˣӣ
Ԫ˷ίƲƲͣҿǻ˸˷Զ󽫾ţǿٰޡ
һԵСֱƨɣ͵صͷʾ϶
ǵģǵģ˷ǿһģء
СЦţ˴Ĵָ
Ԫ˷ͷһЦС
Ѿͷģؼʱ̻ǵðԼ˵û
Ԫ˷ĵͷʱǱϺүһִĺϡ
ءԪ˷һԼĺ󱳣ᶼҪˡ
˷ộôˡ
ЩԼѪܵ˿ڣȫȲԼүӵĴӰ
۰
۾Ͷˣúõ;ҪҪȥǸʺĵطܣɣҾôһ磬Ҫսи̣Һôô
ϺүԽ˵Խ˦һִĺϡ
ϺүŭСһĴԪ˷ϣ۵úܡ
ٵĳ嵽Ԫ˷ǰҪ˼ӡ
ȴϣԪ˷һ§סӼһӵԼ
Ԫ˷һֽһֽץԼϥǡ
øСѾͷҰ򣬴ȥСүҵӢȫûˡ
СΪסʹ﷢ƺߡ
ǰֻСѣս
˿̵Сȴˡ
Ӳ֪СĺĿ񣬸İȫС
СС޸ĸһֱڵ⽣Ӱ¹š
Ϊ˱ϣӣԶǳǰ棬ǰ档
ǰԶǵˣվ
˿˻󣬻ǵһΡ
С˫ĵץԪ˷һɫĹΡ
СԴõ͵͵ġ
ֱԪ˷׿ȥסϺүǴԹİӲų˵ϡ
ҹԪ˷Сؽ˲񷿡
˵Ԫ˷ò׻Լķˡ
Ϻүǲͬ⣬˵ǷҪСӳԵͷʵʵںүš
СֹСǿڱüˡ
Ǳ߻Ķӣܱȵ˵ģ
Сһӵɽ亣ζԪ˷ŭȥ
ҪǾͳڣҪ˷ѽСףС
ԳԳԣûĵѾͷô֪ԡԪ˷˫ڿˮ֮а㣬㡭
Ԫ˷Բˮ۾İݻӲ̽˶ӡ

Ԫ˷ͷһƨСࡣ
Ƴһ˫־ף۰ͰͶԼСԪ˷Ķһ½š
Ӣ̴ôôūš˵ɣҪĸ
СҧףָһˮѼ
ҪҪѼȡ
Ԫ˷һ£ѾͷͦԵġ
ѼȣӵС
԰ɳ԰ɣ㡣
С˸߲ҵѼȣһ߽ζĳţһ˵Աˣˣܻȥѽ
СĨһ̵̧ͣͷԪ˷֧֧ң˼ڳ壬ɲܶš
Ԫ˷мҰ죬´
һѾͷԶҲˡ
Ԫ˷ӣҪȿˮͼСѼȣĿԼ
С˫ʹֱͦ壬һָָظ
ۼΪʵ˼ҲŲǶء
Ԫ˷Ŀָķ
գ۾
ԲŰԪ˷һ˻ûȥˮ
һ߿ԣһš
Ѿͷǡ
ʲôʱ򡭡ôˣ
ڶ϶ĿУֻžડһԪ˷С˶䡣
ǡ
򿪵
Ԫ˷Сһ£ſȥ
һơ
ȻǱųȥˡ
ŵڵϵ˨Ԫ˷üͷһ
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Сͷһͷˮ
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Ԫ˷壬Сǰ˻ص
ϵЩСʳͨͨ˷εϵãڼϡ
һţСƼվڽϺүͷˡ
ֻǶ˾Ԫ˷ܵķһԿס
ߣҪСӻͷ𣬾˵˼Ϻүɫѿĺͷ˵
סοһЦ
ү㰡죬ġ

87

Ｇ̯ƺļ, ӹóİȡ
ＧŵһûвԼװɵ
ˣ·ǿһӢܼＧ
ˣＧҲԼİˣ˵, 񶼲Լһ¡
Ӣܾ֮ǰ˷Ǽ, ＧǴδʶһ
ӢҲЩ
֪Ｇĺޣ̴Щ֮
ＧҪٻصǰ, Ǿ޿ˡ
⼸ճÿչǿԼҩ¶ĴҲ𽥱ˡ
ɪ, ɵ¿˵Ϸ, ȵ̨ʱи
ʱСԪ˷ԼߣԮ, ûߵĿܡ
ֻҪɲɧԼӢҲرķꡣ
ҹӢ, ׼˯
ɪķű㱻ءһƿ
Ϯ, ӢΪոºӲãֺ˰ôຮҩηĲ
ٵϱӣ˫۶ųſڵˡ
ֻҡľƺſ, ͷ͹Ҿơ
Ũľ㣬һͬӿɪ
ӢӶüͷ
ôû˯أ
΢߷־ҡҡλεӢͷȥ
ģӢüţ֣һ㳯ȥ
ʱɾͷ˵ĺܣˣֱ޵ģûʲôֱ
ӢץסĬĬǴˡ
һƨ̱Ĵ齱߶
ƺĴָϣ֣ʳָӢü۴
ָ⻺Ļ۽ǣҲˡ
ϵľӢִ̧֡
ɹһ۽ǣЦ˦˦֣ڴ߽ƺľƺ˸⡣
Ҿʶǣɴͷһһ㣬ۡ
ͷһľƺ˵ϡ
žƺĴ̶Ӣһʮֵľ
ȻӢתͷ
۵׵ռŻ棬ȼëȻ
Ŀԡ
Ϣֹ
Ӣë΢֮ʱ˦ж´ᣣƿ߬ŵıӡ
ɺۣħƵ˹Ӣٵ̧ŵļͷ
֣㽫ŵͷ
ֻöһ
Դ˦˦ͷһѽӢеӵ
װȥˣ
ץסĽףԼ-¡
״ļͷѹ£˱ǡ
ӢǯȣϥǼԼļͷ
һȣȴϥǽĵѹϡ
ضûԼ
ŨҵľӢΣ̡
˦ƣȴϣطӦı졣
ƻûϣͱһץסȻϡ
쵰ſң
Ӣ۾ҧгݵ
ͽӲ֣󣬱䱾Ц
ָӢĿţָòĻ⻬Сȡ
ƻ
Ǻþû㿪ˣӢɵͷһĽף
ҲǣװɵҲˣǲҲ뻻ζˣ
ɻЦţѹһȡ
Ӣϵķףüľš
ЦųĽë˿
Ӣĵһ£򴦵ȴСĳ
¶˽׵һƬ
-ǼϢء
ӢŬƽԼľţ򦣬ɣҾ㣬Ǹңɱ㡣
ɱζЦ˳ѹӣĶࡣ
ʲôɱңɹ̵ùСۣƾ첲
мһЦֽ㳹׾״
ǡȰ
ӢҧŴǣ
ǡӢͻȻüͷһɣЦ˳û뵽㻹Ǽʳз֮µȥְ
˳Ĳһ
ЦӢĶŷ磬óȵıϢҺò׽Ū֣ǲ֮𣿡
ֹסָ⡣
֮ǰ˵𣿡ҧгݵģ
أָ볨½ǣ˺¡
̴ôŰˣڵ𽵹ʱ˵黰㾡ˣţɵĴĥĶ磬ҵ
죬ȥ
Ӣšüͷۣʹͽӡ
±ƿһֻ̣ءһ졣
ûӦһѪ㽦ϡ
Ӣ˫ۣ˿Ȼɫѿĵһԡ
ż򣬺š
ɫĴᣱ£ٵİϡ
ӢģƳһ࣬ȴƴˮˡ
ֱӴ𣬽ӵ뻳
ӢŻָ˾ͷ
˼ǣҡ졭
ƺˮޣʴҲƲסԼ
۵˲뵡
ҡ
ԼϵӢסա
ָ⸧Ǽ⣬ǡ
Ҳ֪δĺ
̴ɡ
̴ڡ
̴ڡ
һ˲䣬Ӣô໰ҪĻ
ίĲʣС
Լģ̴׵İ

Ȼһֶ˵
Ӣգڽš
ǣеĻ
̴ǿҵĻӦӢ֪ʱգҲͬԼһġ
ͷ§
ӢĲ֪ƣ룬֪һС
ֱͷʣҪ
ﴫԹ
̴ڣģܲ㣬ˣ
̴ڲķſ̧Ĳȥǵˮա
ӢڻĿ£ѪȺɱ
ɨſڵϵɡ
ɣôӦ޵ģ
ź󱳣һš
Ƴһ۲һˣ
ǣҵĴҵĴ˵һЦⲻǣһʱɫԻͷ
ۿ̴еľݵ˹̱
ż
磬Ҵˣˡ˽̫ˣѰ˼ţѰ˼ŹվͰƻеġ
Ӣ̴ڵĻתͷ
ƻ
ʲôƻ
ɣ޽֮ǰڶ޵Ļʺʲô
ӭ̴Ŀ⣬ɻĺë
ˣˡ
治Ǹö
͵ߵڵأĵ󣬴磬СܣСǡǡڰɩ紷ȰСɩ۵ɩһ΢΢
̴ڵͷŻˡ
𣿡
Ӣüһͷ滨ӡ
ҡͷʵǣ̴ɣԳ檶ֶţ۸檡
˵꣬Ӣ˽̴ڵĻһʹţһݺݵĵɡ
ǰģɼֱĿɿڴ
Ů
Ӣ˻ǵŮ
ɩӣɩӣСܴˣСԺҲˡĵֿͷָԼѪĵڣƣ綼ҿˣҲǳͣͷˡ
̴ڿѪܵĵڣ̧סӢ˫ۡ
ϧ
𣬱𰡡̴ڵĻɽŵ̴ڵĽŲץ½ǣ磬ҵû꣬Сеǿõĵطô׺ݰ
̴ӣ˦֡
ľݵĿڡ
㱳ޣõ޵ģΪҪ㡣
о⻮·ɻӲֱֱģ˫־ٹͷ
ᣬᰡɸЦֺõСĸҰ⼸ɩСԵĺãסúãС֪ɩӸ꺢ӣ˷˷˵ĴϺõĲӵҩСԼලɩӺȥġ
ӭ̴ڱ䲻εĿ⣬ָᶨ죬İ
ӵҩ
ӢһϸϸʱգǿԼȥĶ
ʵ⼸ԼҲЩɻ
ΪȸԼµЩӵĶӢÿҹСʹð亹
ԴףЩ֢״ȴԽԽˡ
Īǡ
Ӣɨڵϵɡ
Լ˵ĹӸ
ȴӭԼĿ⣬Ȼ󾹵̴ڵ棬ҪĳԼ˸ۡ
Ӣĵתͷ˸ۡ
ᣬǸʵĵͽӣ
̴վݣĴɵĿڡ
ɫѿúܡ
ɶ߻ɷŵĻ̴ڵһ֮ɫ
꺢ӣ
ӣ                        
лҪ˵β
ǳлһ·峤Сɰǡ

88

ɪ, ɪ
ҧӣ˵ĺȮһſڡ
˻㣬㡣
һͷ亹ĻͷһＧ
Ｇҩ࣬صһۣеּӴһЩ
Ҿ, ҪӢ, ˾˷ǲҲʳ
Ｇһϵ˿ڡ
, ˵㲻
Ｇһ
˾ϲӢ
Ｇϸ΢, ɫһ, ɫϾŤͷĶ
Ϲ˵ʲô뻰, ûС
Ｇ̧ͷӭĿ⡣
ĬһＧɪһ°͡
Ȼ, ͵, ˾ͬһȥɱǡＧϸӣ䲻Ϊ׸ˡ
˼ɲ԰֮ǰ˾˺˵Ļ
Ｇ°, ɫ¸ƶ
۲ת˼
سǣ̴Ρ
ԭ̴˵ļƻҪһɱ̴ڵġ
ȴϾ˾ˡ
˾˵̴뻢ıƤô꣬Ϊ֮֮צ
һ̴˵벶ȸںĹ¡
ľˣ̴ǲ
Ǻ̴໥ĹϵＧһȥ
ôＧףе롣
ɱ׸֮£˾˲ԼҲ
Ｇ֪˾ȻΪˣԣڴǴϣȴǸѡ
ΪǾ˾ˣΪעˡ
һҹǳŷи̴֮࣬͵͵͵ס
ų̴سǣɱΪϢ
̴֮ڱ˾˹¡
Ｇֻ֪տʼʱӹӣûź
ǺҲ֪ʲô˾˶̴ڵ̬ȾͲһˡ
˾ֻǺԼ˵ˡ
øɴˡ
Ｇ˿ڣҲ֪֮䵽˵ʲôǾ˾˻סףǲŹġ
Ｇһգֻƺһʹס˼
ﰡٲһ㣬˾˻ô޳ȥ
䣬ɪʹһĽ-
һ
ͣճȭ֣һµ档
㻹Ÿʲô˾
ＧԼɳĴӵһһȳͷȥ
ƵطһҲȥˡ
Ҫȥ˸ȥķˣˣС
ȥĽɪ
뿪ˣҪѽɪΪƽأ
Ｇ߷߲ƽ뿪ӣҡҡͷ
Ťͷһ۽ɪ󣬱ϵƿƿ޹ޣ̤ҹɫ뿪
ɪҡҷ
ӺѵڵϣһƬҷ
Ӣɫ-Ĺų۵
ܲҧ´۲ߵ-ϵ̴ڡ
̴ɡôˣ
ôͣˣ
̴ֻڵĶͷ鲻̵ķա
ͷСӢ
Ҫ
ңûµģҿԵġ
ӭӢ鶯˫̴ָ⻮۽ǣᡣ
շ
̴ڵͷԼıǼ⣬Ӣһ
ͷĻ
㡣
ţ̴ڳͷ
Ӣסţ֮¡
㡣
Ż˽ʧأͣĿ̴ڵǲǧѵӡ
ͷѪҪˡ
̴ĺ󱳣δйᡣ
Ӣƽ̴գסĴꡣ
ںޡ
޼һأýӢܵ˺
ĳУ̴۵׵ɱա
Щģġ
ǧУң
죬ұ뿪
̴ڶϵĻӢͷ̴һ𡣡
ɱӳȥ̴ںԼ˵е顣
ļ⼸ȥ
ɵļƻ
̴˵Ƕʱ䣬ΪɻὫӱıԼ
ȴû뵽ɵıֻά¡
ֲָľףɸǿʳ֪׵ǲġ
һʼûֻǣȻɢĳͺá
̴ͬȣɾã̴ڸԸ
Ҫ̴˷ݣ֤׵Զ֤׵񣬲ܵԴ
Ըÿǳʳ֤ȡ
Ϊɻ취̴˺ͰȵȳӢ
̴ڶɵԭǲŵģɵɿԾȳӢ
붼û룬ͬˡ
ֻҪӢȻҪ˷кѡ
ػһӣֻΪ˽Ӣ
ԣɴӦȳӢ⡣
̴ڻҪӦԼӢȳ˷󣬱ֱࡣ
ֻصԼĸصʻֵߣȫġ
ֻû뵽ˣ˻˼͵͵
̴ڼᶨҺ̴˵顣Ӣֻ㰲ȣҲ𡣡
ǡûµĶ𣿡
ӢĵĿ⣬̴ģӲļһΪܺÿЦݡ
ӢһЦģֿʼת
̴ڿһԵһҳöҩҡ
㿴Ҵء
ң̴ŬοԼĿ⡣
ӢһЦ˳
˽̴ڵĻı
ôʲô¶ûС
˴ҪȥĻλȨ֮ûѪȡ
ңģһֱصĻְ
ӢסĵģĻ˾䣺ãҵ㣬Һͺӣ㡣
šá
ֻһꡣӢһ꣬һǲҾ͸ļޡ
ļ޶̴֣͵صͷ
ɫѿ
ҡ
ӢüǣƵĿ
Ҷǹ¶ĸˣкβңҵļޣ׵ǿǻӺ͹ŵȥ˵Ҿһ̴ɸãҵġ
ûӢ˵̴꣬ڱһ-¡
һ۵׵-˼
̴ɡ㡭Ӣţüͷ͵šһߡ
ۣۡ
̴ô
Լһ׼ûС
Ӣ£⣬ÿһϸⶼŲ
Ϣ
ƴҪץסЩʲôµͱǶ˵ϡ
鼱֮£ӢֻĿס̴ڵļ
ͣ
̴˵㣬˵Ҫģ
š̫ˡ
ӢĻ绰һӹ
ǴѧĻ绰ⲻ̴ڣ
åӢǼðź飬΢ţݡ
״£īߺˡ
Ӣüͷһʮָݺݵ̴ڵļ
ֻÿҪ̴ڵĻʹȥˣȴͳ
ļ𣿡
Ӣ۷壬Ҳ̲סĽ˳
˵ĽУŵһ䣺Ҵˡ˼Ұɡ
*
գ⣬̴ڹӢĲӣĿ
סĻ
ӢŲӣµ¿ˮ
һϣڿ̴ڵĿ
˷Ƥޣһһ
˶Ʈŵġ
ûˣ̴ڱԼҪôǰˡ
Ժ󣬿ɲûûصòˡ
ӢͷӦţ֪ˡ
̬Ȳ
̴䲻һ仰Ӣһ±ӣһЦݡ
Դ̽ӣ˫§̴ڵĲӡ
ͷĴϡ
İɣӲġӢǼıǼ⣬绨Ⱳӣ̴ɵˡ
̴ӣͷĽߡ
ĲٴĴϡ
úõģҡ
Զ£Ｇߵɵߡ
˳Ŀ⣬Ǵϡ
ϴνӢ࣬ͱ̴ǽٳˣ˾ôұ֤һξͰȻأ
ڵϣһؽ볨ľƺķ
̴Ǹث֣֪ѱ飬ͰͶĵҳԮء
̽ͷĽӢ
ǹ۵ȴ޹⡣
Ķ׵ˣ˭
ＧͷɣĲɣȫдϡ
˾᲻ãȥ𰡡
üͷһͷ˿ھơ
˭᲻СӲҪҲ´˵¡žƺָＧﰡ㻹˵ң֮ǰҲǽ㳤ö̵ģһߣⱲӶˣҲȥͣ
ＧȵָԾս
ŽӢЦеȣ΢΢ҡš
˾ˣŮӵ˼ҲҪҲ¡
Ұ죬ӵ
һִＧļһžƺתķȥ
ʲôζӣ㻻ˣ
Ｇҡȣ˾Ŵˡ
㣬ǵһμʱӢ͸ġ
Ｇֻ⴦иΰΰġ
һƳ㿴⴦ŵҡ
͵Ӣ̴öɫңһģһ
Ｇ̧ͷνı飬ҡͷһЦ

89

Ӣϱȥ, ƥ̴ֱڶȥ
һ䣬Ԫ˷ٵķ¡
СүҲǼ˰ɣ
Ԫ˷۾Χ̴תȦ
ǽʬ꣬
ǹأȲϼСӢҪ
Сû, ǵķԷ
˵ǵĻϺͻʺȻʺ, ʹ˼˵ֶΣȻʺҹ͵ס
һ֮һңֱЦ󷽡
Ԫ˷һ, ĵŭҪѪˡ
⽣Сת㳯׳Ǹȥ
Ϳ, ǸɶԽӢŻ˼
ҶӢ, šԴ
Ԫ˷ԶԶıƼ߹ɣƮƮ, ˲Ԫ˷˫ۣסϵĹ
̵, Сү㣡
˵, Ԫ˷ƹ̴ڵߣһɵĿѴ
һѪɵĿڵء
ɺ׼ӭһţԪ˷ߵ˫Ŷˡ
۵ſ˵ϡ
һŻѪһ߿Ե, һģҪҲ𣿡
ɰѪû¸ɾͱԪ˷½󣬴ӵ
ӢأӢأԪ˷ҵҡ½һȭһҹȭɵࡣ
СүֶɫģңԪ˷Լţݺݵĳ˹ȥ
ðǵڵϣ󱳵ĵʹĿҲʹպŸʹϼʹ
ȻŮõģ
ǣͻˣ󽫾ȻҲǲ͵֮ţǻǱ˴˱˴˰
Ԫ˷½ߵޣСүҺıȣСүҺͽӢ˰ٱӶ׷ϵģ˵Ӣأ
һۣڵҲ
ָָԶ̴ڡ
˼Ƕ󽫾ʲôҰ
Ԫ˷Ťͷһ̴ڡ
ССүǡӢСүҵĴӣ˵ϻӢأ
ڽӢ۶̴ڵķϣξͲˡ
ͷЦ˫ͷ
㷽߶ʱû𣿡Ԫ˷ɫת䣬˵ţߣˡ
ߣ
ࣿ
Ԫ˷ϸϸţŲǼ
Ӣ棿
ǾȻôˡ
һ涼ûϣ
Ԫ˷ɫԹһƨڵϣͷɥš
Ȼһͷ۵ȼɵ½ٴθ
Сүϴ࣬ͱ˷Ǽ˸ٳˣô˻ͣ㲻Ҫָ𣿡
ͷ𼱻ǵģмİǿ֡
Լ½ϵ˿ڣӵ
Ϊһû𣿡Ұ죬ӵĸСԼϲŮ˶סš
㡭˵һ飡
Ԫ˷ͷʱ̴ޱĴǶм߹
ûһۣһ䣺̡
̴ͷص뿪һͷԪ˷ǣ𣿡
СүҺһСүҶģ
Ԫ˷ŤͷŶһߣζϷСһӵ
ѾͷûСүڵأ
Ԫ˷СŲӣٵ˹
Ԫ˷ĸ첲ԼļͷҧݣĽ
ƽʱôණȥˣԪ˷ͷſʹСŵߵЦݡ
СӣƲ˼ٴҲŮѽôϧأСһۣСֹţѹӲϲ㡣
٣СѾͷѧűǰɣСүҲ
Ԫ˷û˵꣬СĹĵ˦ĸ첲Ťͷ׷̴ڵķȥ
һƨɵصϣһãԪ˷
Ԫ˷ĺУСЦӡ
Ҫѧϰϸˡ
Ҫ
ССȭͷĵͷ
ţûͽܹݣ
ǰĳ棬Ц֡
СѾͷ㣬籾أٱʮ˵أ
*
֮⡣
ΪɵıΪسҹ̫ξı
ϣϳݲܣϳ
̫ξһյԪ˷Ϣسеıͣĸϵ⣬֮͡
һδȴӢ˲̴ڣ̫ξǿᣬοĵͷ
̫ξɣһ̫ξسǣޣ֮У
Υ̫ξĴӵվ
һӲʵ̫ξŽʿǵǰͷᡣ
˷쵱̫ξȻҲ˰ð
ֻ෽һݱ̤
ʿƤĿ࣬ű˸߲ҵĻš
Ԫ˷Ŵͷ˵Ǹˣ˫ۡ
ֵ
ڱصЩ꣬ûֵзִ
ʤֵаܡ
ֵĴֿĳ࣬Ԫ˷ϡǵõġ
ˡ̴俪ڡ
̴ֵͣڵ࣬ظԵֵУҲֵУͻϵĹϵһӦ
Ԫ˷һЩȵ°͡
û뵽̴ھȻֵˡ
Ӣ۹⣬㲻ɡ
̴˸ۣЦõóѡ
ԹǿļıȲﷴ
̴˵ļƲܣҲסԼ֪˵ѱ䰡
վ̴ڵӪʱ㽫̴˺Ͱ޻ֵУԼս֤ݣȫ̴ڡ
̴ھ뿪ףǰֵС
ɱ֪ѹ̴ڵϣȷġ
ֵЦţԪ˷˻ӱ
Ԫ˷°ͣ͸
ǰ޵У˽һսֵܡ
úúãֵܣֵܡ
̴ڲͷɨɡ
ǱΣ׵𣿡
ɸ첲ͷϣԸСܰ£ͷİɡ̴ޱ͵Сǰأʱˡ
û˵꣬Զ
תͷȥ
ֻһɫ˵ҲˣǷɳ۶
ô̴СӷˣֵͷԵĿ̴ڡ
̴ϸϸͷ侲˷ı
ǡԪ˷۾Ųӿ˿ȷﰡ
ࡣ
̴һüƬ
ͷͣɵ࣬Ƶ̴ڵǰء
Ǵ̴ڵͷʵƶ
ʿͷӦǣУǰ
̴֪λʱղ࣬ӢǾ˵ȷ֮¡
֮飬ġ
ɴڣԵõļ˵ŷû˵Ļ
ʱ˺̴ͣ˲ϽȨ𣿡
̴ۣԶǡ
Ĭã̴ڻ̧֣һӡ
ɱ
ϣ
õ̴ڵָʾȴ׵ı⡣
ͷųǽصĽʿ׳ɣ֮ǰ򿪳ţ
ʿͷһ۳µıͷϵͷӦǣСûϳǳСʹ򿪳š
ãֻǽյĳţһ㳨˷϶
ſʱϸһһ˻Ц
ǣʲôɱ
˲䣬Զеǧ
Ʊӿڡ
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