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ҪԱ
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ۣ֪ﶼ˧磬ҲûҪȥ﹤ɡ
ֿڴү裺ͼҹŮС壬ȥ˼ҵİɡ
һֱ⻷µھãѧУУҰܵİſЦ̫̫ࡣ
ƣǺǣ̫ඡ
Ϊ˲ʧֻüȥ
ΪӢӣļ¼Ƭ׸ӿͻ
ͨͨûգΪһֱҷŻݻ𷸡
ңҪ
ƣҽۼƾ188ˣûһҪ

ļܿգܿգܿգŮнָ

ӭר:

ԤģӰ۴ɾС

飺Ӱ޺׵ʱСˤˣԼ괩˸ͬһʱˤͬСϡ

ԭƶƾţ趯Ūиɩеá

Сѧҵһ֮ƵΪ

Ϊͷö޺׿Ϸ˿Ϊ򣬿ĶԼҼʵΪʹޣ¶һҪػȦûҫ

ƶŮɲ౱޺ףҪϽʲô

޺ףΪӰۣ

౱ΪǵƶȫҶӰۺ

޼ҳɹƶ౱ʮָεʣףһȱɶ

ףȱϱ



ӰVSƶɲ

ԤġũҵŮ

飺21ĩվ޺ѡʱڸܿռռܺȻص˰ĩ

صܳԱİũ壬Ȼе˷ô£

вĸеãΨһͶСʱʮ࣬βͬˡ

˵ҹڵֻأҲ̫ܼ˰ɡ

˿Ŵ󿨳һ԰ѽĻ߾һˡ

ǿƵҲܳΪ󻧣ʲôЦ

һӵͷ߹ҿٿԼҵģ˹ȥ

࣬õʲôʣ

࣬Ķģ

࣬ؾ

ֻؾ໹вٰ֣Сˣһư档

͵ҵϣһ۷ֻС͵

Сɰǰһ˷¸С˳ƷݣԳ޹ȾĽ߲ˣʱʱؽũҵƵĲɷã׷ũҵŮ

ðֱ졣

вĳ겻ͣɧš

࿴ϤϱеⱲҪѡ˧ģһһ𷢼¸Сġ

ܰҵСôƣ

ڸֲᡷ

ڸϱ


 1 

裬쿪Ű
СԺһ䣬һĴŲţơ
裬ҽȥ
ɳ϶ŸͷŮˣٸƺ񣬾ֲʧŸֻٵİţһ꣬ȴϵ
裬װ裬ˣҿš
߼ſϰš
ŮǼƵ̡
ֱʱ̧ͷָŮ˵ʲô£ϴǸȻ͸Ͼϵ
ϵҵǸϴĸϴˣҴԭ£š
ôϴĶˣ˵
ҲԱƭ˵ڿСԲĸϴˣ֪Ű
̿ŮޱۣôɵӣȤʦ
豸ԤڹãҪȥԱǿǺƽߵְҵôŮȥ
ϴˣ̾ȥŴ򿪣Ҹ˵
û˵꣬Ѿס裬ͷһٸİɣҲǸ˵ҾԾԿԱ֤ȫһƽƽġ
˵ż£Լܣһݿڴǵķۺ챪˿ˣҪˣ¿϶˯á
˷ۺ챪ƾߣ裬µײܻƵ
̻Ϊǻתˣû뵽ǻöģǸԶҲˣ
ЦƿҲ⣬˰
һɳϲ޳ûĵĳѾͷ
䱧ŷۺ챪Ҫߵͬȥͬŵүʣưϳˣ
ûУүҪȥס
˵һСȥԱΣհ
Աߵĺ˵ΣҲܵ˸ɰСôˣȷʵǸϣⳤƤһĵǿɾˡ
һ裬ôỹûҶأҪ˿ô
˵⹤ǲҲҶæۻΣա
ƼǲҪԼĻش𣬾Цţм߹
˺ͬһǹվãյҪĳˡ
ǱŸżԭڳϣĻͷʱҪߡ
ƸչʮգСƤۣ鶯˵ʮ˶š
ŷۺɫźɫţп㣬ģΪղŸһȾһƬ糺죬˶
һ˫Сһһ۵ĿҪڨûһĻҸǲŮģһ׳ʵ꺺ͻȻλվߵ˾ߣʦͣ³ҹˡ
˾ʦһ㶣վͣͷ
м£Ͻͣ꺺ܳ塣
ǰϿ£ͷһۼû뵽ôˡ
ղһֱС᲻֪Ůǰһ£ǵؿ꺺ӣ߹ȥվ壬ΣΡ
ٹ£꺺һƿСһûվȲ㱻Ƶ
ȥԼͣϵ˶Ǹʲô˲𣿡
ͣ
Ͻ
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˵˵˭Ҳûǰʵ꺺ӿеͣȥֹģԥţͼһɫµŮﶫһţ߹ȥһ־Ͱס꺺ӵļ
꺺һΰӣβ
תͷŭżƣ־ģһץס֣Աһ꺺Ӿͱ˳űߵķԣȻͼƴӰóһ°˫ְ˷ϡ
ҶˣɫµŮҲһһߵӣݵģȻ°ô׳ĺˣ
˾ʦҲˣ˶ˣǸɴͿְɡ
ǺְסˣŻʵҳţſң
ƺһɡ
ղСᱻסʱŷӦͷ̫˧ˣã㲻ѧİɡ
һел꺺ˣõĻ⣬ȻĴڨ
ϧһͱϵû
ŵĴ裬СĶѧأ
ѧôС
Ѽƶϵķۺ챪Ск㣬ð裬ҲҪѧҲҪô
ƴСкӹԼķۺ챪ҪͰ
˿ޣ꺺ӸŭҪԱһλе쿴ǱŻˣ
Ȼ·ߵ죬һԶԶΧţһ˺ѷεسߺţ˰Ůѻû
˾ʦҲƳۣľͰѳٽƿǼ̣ȥ˾ʦ˵ʦͣҪȥ
ղŻڿǣٴα
ȥ𣿿ղŰֹµģȻΪ˿ҲҪΥͣ
꺺ӹЦ˵ĻƾʹӰͳ֤˾˵ԱѳͣڽϣҪȥȻ𣡡
˾ʦɨ֤ϰѳͣˣ³
ԱʱٴαˣСԱôҲ񰡡
꺺Ӳˣƭ˵ģǶƭˣһǸδ꣬ԱΪ³֣ƾʲô³£ҺͰҰⲻƽ
˾ʦûϰѳߣ꺺˵Ĺ򣬴ҶǸŮ䱧Ÿżһ·񱼵ǰֻһ˦ְż̻ԣȻ˵ľУͷҲصس˻𳡡
ǸѵСѵ£꺺ӣ˵ȥֵģ
꺺ҲˣŮô޷ĳ˻𳡣ǸӰɡ
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ϱҵͿҪˣԻɴʱ˻Ǽҵھ¥˶˳ȥֻ˸
ǵø¼ôҲ򲻿ҪŨûʱſˣһʺɫźɫֵ˽ϲ֣ΪԱˡ
˭̧֪°ͣõͳ˵հɣһ
ûӦ˾ת뿪ˣȥֱ˸ңܿӿ˽
֪Լˣкö£ûгΪΣûи˽飬Ҫ㸸ĸ߱黪ģȥ
ļѧʱЩС˵ʱ߿²ָֻ߽̫Լûûпռ䣬ΪϢյĸо̫ˣһĺЩС˵һԶռ˲Ʋ
ιȥǰߵľԱΪ˾Ӿ¥ȥˣںˮ̵ģٴһָɣֻҪš
֪ʱԸ̫ǿңǡñ·յˣ˴ѧҵǰˣӵ˿ռ䣬ռﻹȡ֮Ȫˮ
һʱⷢ»ô˷أǸΪ˾ԼˤȥԱϾְҵ
ΪԱҪһȥˣҪҵǸһ£һˡ
Ϊ֪ǳŵģȻֻݻ𷸵ֻҪ֣һ
ڵļڻӵĶ챻ˣ۵ȴһҲûУȼͷûһ
һ֣ͳһ̺ϣ»𣬵·»ȸҲ˺ܲ
ȼƴӿռѿóʱ߷˵ϳǱ߹ȥ
Īˮһˮʪףξסڱǣ£ǵġ
䣬žͱײһ̺Ӵֵ˽
ǵˡ


 2 

ƣĪҲû弾ǴĶͳķ̺֡
ư˴ã´һҪŸ󱳰Ų´
ڿռﱸþߺ͸ּȹߣиƷ·ҲҪϼ׷ŽȥԱʱ֮衣
Ѿ˹˰ξִҼϡ
ָָĪִϣߣš
˵ʵǼƵһξˣƶԼܰ˾ȳȥȻͳš
ÿܵǾͶͳͳλԹָӡ
ƱǴ¥ݴȥȴ¥ѾˡֻðǴ˶¥ĴߣֻǶ¥ѣȥҲˣ˵Űȫء
Īӷ̺ͳͳѾԹˣȫյģǽ̣̫ãûǹ
ͼƴӷ̺ͳһʯ
ξŴ۶ķ̺Ƕaεάڴ
ˮ𣿡ξ־ſڸģһʳ˿ڡ
û뵽ƾȻͳƿˮݸ
ĪһۣʲôʱˣҪˮ
ξƿˮһ͡
ѾֽذѲʮ֣Ȼ
ĪҲˣʣ㲻Ա
ǰ
һŴڣһ˵¥ȼúܿ죬ˡ
Ī¥ϣȻ֪Ǹû¥ˣҲû̫˼ʱƣװӡԱô϶˵ǣ
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Īȥ
﷭ۣ֣ξСײã
ֽİӰξϣ׹ȥ
ξĽܰʱƾΧ۵˰һߡ
пֵأ˭ģûأ
ղųȥСأ
ξ߬ˮƿϿţиŮҡ
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˵ŻѾӰˣΰúܼ򵥣ĪҪ˵ʲôͼƵһѱס
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ƱĪϵˮǹҲѾʼ˹ˮϣһ·̲סģʽ˾۽ա
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Ķרҵǿûôӣ
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˵ͿԼĵطȻƾըˣ
ķۺ챪أĴСķۺ챪ȥĶˣ
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ѧʲôãоԱʲôã˭Աʱġ
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ĲŮʵȫûһŮİʳúУԱиŮģͨԱŮģԱȫеģ
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˵ͳ֤屻ˣ֪ܲ˵µĥڣʱѵ϶ģֵġ
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ƿλӳܽƻҪԶҲԾǲԶˣ
ôŽлԾ
óԼֻĶƵAPPѶǹٷֻǧ˿߸ŵҲʡȣ͸߸ȣܵǰԾ
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û뵽ӦЦˣѾͷŽĸжӣжӳƶ⣬ȷŰɣҲûѵˡ
ģһƭ
ӳ̬ȣԱǺӣ
úúãԱͬ־Ͻȥѵˡ
ƺΣϱӾΪСܴϳɵ·ҽʱ򻹻Ϻڿ۾˼Ҿ̫ᣬػһأΪ˱˵۹ȥԼİãϲɫϲñ¡
ɫñ£ѵϲˣϾаȫС
ֳƳ𳡵ΧȺڸţСŸ䣬Ÿɫżŷɫ¡
ԣӺżǶȻͳ˽ȥ
ھȻϺˮĪɫ·ɫż뵽ǸɫֻǣǲһǸܿɰϲɫС
磬ôѾ˸ҵˮˣģҪؼҹģôܺˣ


 3 

ӣѵһĵСᣬ˸Ϣʱڲṹͼ˼Ӵȱʲôǵҡ
ȫ»ͳһıȱʲô
лСģʣǶѶ˭ڹܣ
ϵСˣû˹ˣһֱǴӳЩѵƵȥ
СͦԵģ˵Ҹ˵ӳһʼؿѶȥˣϧĵƵû˿
ƣ
ǴӳĻŸˣǺգ
ӳ˦˺뻹иĻԼѡѵӣʱ
ûȥʶһһжӵĶӳԱ棬ҽһ°
Сָָ棬סǰ칫Աᣬ·ǵʵóٵģҲսѵӳҲܵġ
ǿѵ죬ҲûϵӳǵԼϺȣϣԶսɡ
СĽˣǵõȥתˣҪװæء
ưԼʰãóֻ¼Ѷţ˳򿪱ʵ磬׼ƻ
û뵽ǣһ¼ϣһƵԼ
𳡵ƵΪҶŻ¥ĵֻıӰͲΪܵÿҲ塣
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û˵ȷʵСŵģҪҲû˵ֻõơ
Աߵ潨ͦ˵ģҲͲپнָָһ㶹ʦֲˣŲۣóء
ҪһѵȻҪǴùϵشһ㶹
лл
μһһݵţͷ׷ѵø߸ߵģ˵ԼľУԼ
Լİ
òˣȷٻ
θΧһȦˣɴ۾̣С˲С
ʳ׵ʦѾ߹ˣСҪǳԲ꣬һץͣ˷ʳǿɳܵġ
ʳöʳֲ˺ڳǰһҲˣȴ÷󣬹θ潨һ
ʵӼƽü˶ŴʶʶϾ̫ˣοôƯӡ
жӳأҲ̫ڣһŵ˿ɾͲˣշ
ڻкö͵ĳǱ߿ţҪǿ̣Ҳ̫ܳ˰ɡ
ԴܣǶǿпռ䣬֪ǿռܵԭ򣬷ԽԽÿѵҪӲ͡
ڽ̾ˣıƽѵɴˣ㻹治һԵġڱ˿õЩ칻ӵķˡ
ͼѸ٣ͣİѸͣԵÿ컹ǱǼؼʱʱĵء
ۣĺó԰ƽʱԶģζֱˡ
ۣҲ̫ó˰ɣڼ
ưѴͷк⣬ĹζˣŸϵûпǷ淢չչ
ֻϾˣ׷ϣҲ̫ܳ˰ɡ
Ǳߵϣӳһ𣬶ӳҲڿƣܳԵİʯɱС˼ңǸ˵ĲҲǸŮû׼λǻƿء
ʯ̧ͷɨۣǲǻƿ϶ǷͰô಻Ҳ⣬˷ѣ
ưźƬø¸죬ŷͰȫӶͰ


 4 

һʼ֪Լ϶ܵżϾŮԱ̫ˣϸԱҲûȣǿ϶ġû뵽Ӵӳжӳôɶ
ǺǣǻƿǷͰ
ƾѵʱúһжӳԼǻƿǷͰ
극ʱ˳ҹ
Ѿ²ۡ
ʦżƣĴָôܳԵĹɲˣֻϣλܸܳɰɡ
˯ǰķۺ챪̫ˣ˭ߵģżСŵģѾûôҲûôëˣѵǱӽͰˣ
ʱӦȥͰ￴ġ
ԽԽûзۺ챪ŻеˣƸ跢˸ϢȻͷԼѾˣ
Ȼˣ谡
绰룬ˡ
ûԼӦûƵǱɧˣȹ˵ɡ
ֻӴˣƣô˧𣿡
ƲЦһǸŮɫǰԼҪȥԱʱһӦ˧ࡣ
˧糬࣬Ҳֻ͵ģкżŶ
ţĸƬҿ
浱ҸסһᰡϵĶȥˣעѶŰɣһƵȥġ
ǺǣҾ֪϶ԱɣǵԱ˰ɣ˵ʲôѧҽѰòѧȥ治֪ڳʲô衣
Ʋ磬Լ趼ⲻ֧أοӡ˸ĵı飬Ա϶ǲ̫õġ
ˣҪúϢ񡣡
Ҫĳ˧ϹСˣ
칫ĳ˧ϼƵĵٴλƿ淹ͰǧҪֵǶǸѵѾͷˣһδСͻȻƯܲӰ
ʯػΪѧصרҵû뵽Ȼҽѧҵȿ̫ˣȴһģǾˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôѡ񣬵ʯؾӦкŨصӢᡣ
ɸһУֻһǻѪǲģҪ㹻ǿ󣬻ҪϸȻ䣬ҪҪкģԵ˿࣬͵סįܵ˿ѵżƯСɲΪ
û˷ۺ챪һҲû˯á
ڶһ磬һжרһ죬ʹӴӳ˵ѵ죬С˵ѵҲԣԱģѵȻøһ
ѵһ۾Ƽʯأ͵ӳ죬ӡʮ̡
ǵһʽ棬ƹȥ񣬡ӳԱƱ
ʯؿʮԵĺȦֹ˼졣ٿβ裬Ǻǣͷ᲻üֻһǻѪ֪ʵĲпԼˡ
У
ƹȥվͷû취һ඼һװ˵ĴӣǸһװҲˡ
ͷȵؿСĵĻģҶΪǹģʲôʱְԱҲҪˣ
ʯ֪Ҫѵģ˵úܺ˼˵Ҫ͸һѵĻڸ˵ҪҪƵһһҪϡ
ʯһڶ￴ͦȵġ˸ˣһжӳһʮˣʱڿơ
ʯطһĪеķ쿴ĵ̾СʲôҰӣúø
ֿۼƵĺȦüûס˸Ƿ
ʯϵ幫ԽҰӺ󵽴ſڼϡ
ƿʯһۣͻȻҪԽҰԼ
жӵĳʱ䶼ͬһжǵݶӣҲҪģԽҰҲ˷
ڽʯؿʵ
幫︺أǣ£˵幫ˣɽضµġ
ذֻ˻û򿪹ûӣװûλãֻ÷ɱط䣬򿪻ûİ˲ٶȻһϱһܡ
˶ǳװսذ׼õģȻҪˡ
ʯҲû˵жܣֱŴһֱɽ
ƼæȥʯƳϹĹҵİû˵ʲô
ԽԽۣӦ·ԽԽɣμһֱûӣЦſİһΣһٿһΡ
üƶëˣʲôëζǵĺˮ뷢񣬰ұذ
γۣõű˰æ𣿡
ʲô˼üЩ˼ֱ̫ɶ˰ɣǻİûװʲô
ɵܸһʯعĿ࿴ԺٽƿͰˡ⣬Щ˼ʶһʲôҡ
ƳٴοĹЦЦ˦ȳɽ񱼡
·˵ģ幫ܵɽһôǶܻͲˡ
ɼͷֳܰ嵽ǰ߰Ѵ˦Զˡ
ȻʯؾͿǸݵӰԽԽԶԽԽСİţճϼܳһ̬Ӱ
ʯܵǰͣǱӰԶȥƻõ˲ȥǸʲô̥
ﶼǿյģôҲţġ
Ҳˣÿҳβ潨ûͣһǰһߺƣССˣˣܣ
˾˵Զˣ϶
ģˣҲܵôʾԼʵ
οǸԶȥС㣬죬ð˵ӳСܵİɡ
ü˵ͷһǣȻôСѾͷô죿
ʯ̾ôһܵɽɣ־е˷ǵݶҲԤʱ𾯸Ԯſǲǵ
˷ʱ䣬ʯظɴԼܰɣǻȥ
ü׳ŵʣӳⲻðɣһСԼܻȥ
˵ܶܲСõ㵣
˾˵ӳܲǶˣ˼ұհɣҲװż·
ʯ⿴ƵİǴ׹ȣһڶʮϣǹ̥ݵıʮﶫɡ
İͨأⷽسɡ
ղ˵Ǹе㲻ţҲ˵ӳ㿴ɲΪСƫ
ǰӳܽõİ߿϶װ·
ҲͷС̫ܵˣȷʵǸصġ
ʯؿǼһѪصҿǾ𣬲ԸһСﶼܵÿ졣
ɵǸ˵ܵÿʲôãսʮأԡ˵ʮˣǶʮСҲܲô죬϶ˡ
ȼܻʱͼһжӵ˶ſڵأԱ߻Ÿӳӡ


 5 

ʯؼƻˣָָԱ߷ŵһм顣
һҵɫ֪ʲô˼ڻף
ʯأӳҿܵɽܻģǡ
幫ԽҰ˭ܵɽˣӵһҪľμһжָӣʲôܣ԰ܵÿ죿ǲҪսҪǽڵһݶӣô˷лʱϴҺ𣿡
Ʊȷˣû뵽ȴʯصĴɣϲͷμˡ
ҲûᣬֱӾ񣬡ԲҴˣ´һףҾԲһһס
ˣʲôƤӣѰȥ
ƵİһţҶչȥӳӣȻǾˣ
ʮ幫
ûҪ󣬶˵ԽҰʱǶʮƶ౳ʮô죿
һǸͷԱ֣ڶǴˣʮߣҶ֣硣
ʱӳϵʾӦûü˵߲שͷɣɽװϵģ
ƿһۣȥ򿪰ߵĶһóȫͷвﻹ塣
û׼ذͰ췢װȥˡ
ʱϴһԱ߶ſأһùʲôС㸺ܻʳ
ʯüҡ
ȥɿʯüĽĴ֣סˡ
ߵĶװϵģȻӰ˵ģûףʯӳװҷλã´λ˻ɡ
֣ﶼ豸û˵ҲԼƣֻǿССģŸذܵһ̲ˣʵǲš
ʱ˵ˣû뵽СͦôܱܵСɲ㡭
û˵أͱʯشϡ
ƣжӺһһʮĻ㱨һ顣
Ϥ˶ʯŵŭ
ƶӳôϤҲ˲ԣһ군ඣôôСģ
ʯ߬żưϴǴӿװŲٶʵƮƮģΪ߲ʳǿյʳӣ
ʲô棬ѩɿȻпյǣ
ʯذѴû졣
Ѻ˵ʵ֮Ѿһ룬Ǿʵʵ˵ԵʳҲʲôɡ
ܵɽ󣬼һҲûͿ˻ճ˵ʳȳʳҲûܡ
֣ڼܵſʱͿʱ䣬ʱҴܵɽܻƽʱ˶٣ʱѾˣû뵽˼ҾȻɽϿ˻ճ˻ʳ
ʱ֣翴ż޹ı飬ջظղſĻСѾͷϱרĵİɣôôأ
ʯߵǰ潨𣿡
ˣΪҿҲһӽֲһݶӰܵܵҲûʲôϵ
ڿɫѿβ˵ʵˣһԥʯȻˣش
潨ˣִҪȥȥ˻ϱ߿ճʳ
ʯߣǳΪ߲ǰһ뼾ֻвһԶ
һǼƵİȫ룬վôǸ˧磬ǸۿҪ˧磬ʵǱѹ
ӳҲⵢʱ䣬ʵ̫ܵ죬ɽʱ̫ˣҲûй涨ԽҰʱԶɣ
ʯѹֲסŭ𣬳Ҫ涨ǸԽҰ㵱Ұ⽼λǻͽҽѧһܲϳԶ㲻֪ô˵һһû⣿ƣûе֯ԣ
ƾԼͦίģҲܸһѣֹһÿЦʾİǿյģ
ж濴𣿻ƫΪ
ʯͷϣƲ⣬Բ𣬶ӳ֪ˡ
ϲѾ˵飬Ҫ֣ƣ緹Ѽдʮ飡
ʮ飿ǽأ֪֣һҳɲء
ƼӳֲСѧ
Сѧ㶮£
һûأֻǸѵѡ
ãҹܲ㣬ȥӳ˵㰮ĸӾȥĸӡ
ΪʲôܰѴС˵ôֱ׳
ƿõģʮʮ飬һҲ࣬һҲ١
ԥһ£ʣӳԷʮһдһ鲻Ҽǵø
ʯضЦˣǶӳǶӳ㳭дΪʲô㲻ֿʼּۻۣǰȥӰɣ
˵˦ˡ
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ģСǶӳþûôˡ
СѾͷţİɽճȥˣᣬʢ
һ˵ĶǾʢֱǱ̬ӳղ˵ҽѧһΪǳܽأ̫˰ɡ
һһĵ٩ţһӷΧ
Ӧ䣬˵ҸԺ϶Ҫ鷳λǶһʳһȥ
֣Ц϶СﰮԵģԼŰɡŮ֪СͰԸ졣
ȴͷðð
ƾͳ˵ӳдʮ飬Ҳ̫˰ɣһôдꣿ극ǲʱ
֣磺Ӵһ˵ԷҾͶˣˣǶһˡ
ǣ߿ߣϴ鲻ã°
ΧżƵˢһ¶߹ˡ
ǺǣȻ˶ĵطʳá
ƼʱסܵĹΣ㺦ҪСѧһдģɲܡ
һͷˮôҺˣ
Ҫ㻳ףô
СǸǺ㣬ƭǶӳҿɲ˵ģּڲˣʮһôҲд꣬òѵˣд¡
ʮΣһ죬ԼԼô£Ҫ͵㣬ұֲһ¡
û͵һʳʦкСһ붹ԣⶹߵĿûȣɵó
ϣллʦЦͦ
ͽʯؿЦѾͷװβǣȫӰдһҲûĳͷ£
Ǳ߼ҲûֻҪ˶ԣС˵һҲûá
ʦ·û˳ԣʦֵòУҾ˵Ǹܸܳɵģ˵һȺСӶûܹ㣬ǽüԵ㡣
ʦڳĵطɤǽһһСͷԷǺǣܸѵĿأ¥ԡ
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˿żİɽʾʮ
󣬱ȼƻСһ꣬ۼ붹ԣҸʱʦҲҿɺأкóԵĶţϲɰ
ƱԹˣ룬һûأ㡣
ˣһ꣬ݹ͸ȥһ롣
κ潨Ҳ⣬˷ֲɵþ۲ֳַ˷֡
ʦöȷʵóԣԽϸۣ±֭㣬׺ŷⶡľ빽ˣζʮ㡣
ĸ˳Եʮ㡣
һߺһ˵СΪ˸лҿڳԵġʾʯӳŵһҪۿɣȻܲңǲһΣҲǲһһܣ֮һʯӳӡֿǺѰġ
潨ŵͷû˵ҪдҪ
Ҳ˵ҪּʲݲҪСѧһһֻ֧дӦ£ղ㻹ôҰ㣬ʲôЦöӳ֪Ƥ
磬ŻǶӵأӳ϶ݷ˵ֺʣС㲻ҪӰɣں϶ãҲȥֳգ¼ʱѰʧЩҲҪ
˵ӻãһ˵ӼƲԼڴӳǶɶʱɡ
ʱӡ
ҪȰȥڣͻȻʲôһӣҵøϽȥʮأץʱ䡣
һͷˮΪˣǻӸѵôͻȻôģôȥдأ
ϳɵ̾ȻŮĺ밡


 6 

ѶAPPǹĶƵʱҪȥ䣬ÿ춼ĵİ׸ξȻҲ⡣
ΪԼǸŮӢûҵξԱƵע˲ӵĹٷ˺ţմ򿪾ͱһֱֵƵ
һͷֱֶˣ޲İ
ξֻǰƳ֡
Ͻֻ˻ûȥŵû˼֣͵˹ע
ҲǸЦ˼Ҷѵèɶģô֣
ϸһʲôģⲻǲҪ㱨Ҫܽģڳд
ٿ֣ϸۣŮ˵֣ξֻ嵽¥£磬ŮԱ
ĪҪȥ˾õڰ֣ˣҲԱֻһ˵ѡ
ξ¥ŮԱ㿴֣ӵġ
Īһ㶣
ξֻøĪֻͷǾ仰˵۲ۣٱˣˡƾһ˫˵ŮԱдֵλŮʿҲλ϶ְԱȻԱôæп֣
ξ죬ðɣ񾭹ˣĺҵҵľ˰
Īûİֱˣһ˾ͰԼؽ˰칫ңȻһǳɵشֻѶҵ˺ӵĹٷš
ֻֻڲдţּ
ʱֱѾвΧˡ
ӻ֣԰Ҷͽȥдֱּǹġ
ҵ찡ӵСǼֱȫܣҸˢһȭģˢֵģдÿƯ
ж鷨ľ˵ˣӦ壬ѾγԼķζнǣȷʵ
Ȼ˵⿴尡ǿ˼дʲô
Ǽİɣ
һֱֱľ˵ˣдĵڶˣҾͶֱ䣬дٱ顣
ȷ𣿿Ůİ
ȷʵ˭˵˵־Ͳˡ
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ǰһ˿ء
д飬־еˣڴҶü̵ģ˻д֡ȻʯӳܲҰ
ֱȻ࣬һֱǣˣֱдʮҶкһжܸһ
ֻҪǵֱһ뿴ʲôʱдꡣȻӳжӳ񶼱ɣǾһɡ
ҽԺʵϰӺòпϢһ켾עѶţˣһһ߱ԹôæֱƵҶãĵƵ治˼
ӱԹ鱧ԹǺܿҵ˺ӣȻͿԻһĻ
֣˵õ˧أٵȥ˿ǰƵѵƵʮһѵҲûд˧أ
ƭӣ
˳ȥɾͷֵֺֻ찡ּ죬ôôƵģѵֵ
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иһֱûôðݵľ˵ˣȻɼãʲаǶǵϽʿιȥ𣿵ҽʲǿ϶ǲеģƾԼĶ̰壬ӱˡ
ӱǾú棬ֲȷǲǼƵıʼתģڿôȤҪ˵ʲôͿλķԡ
ϵĽģô֪ӱˣʿ˵ǼʶεġҵԱҲǿ󰡣˭涨ҽѧͱΪҽˡ
ĽģҾôһ˵㼱ʲôԱȷʵǿ󣬵ⲻǸֵ𣬹
ҲúЦ±һЦ
ҪǱ˵ЩҲ⣬Լ׼ȼ²ͿأĽһֱͷӣʮջ
һۼԱǱԱӶеڰƵƵ༶Ⱥˡ
ƾһֱֻУȻص˱ͣȺ﷢ЩһҲ֪
òд飬һСʱۣдɡ
ȵʱֱԽԽ࣬ѵģƯεģҪǹٷţֱдһһģ
һǷˣ
ûǰ˰ɣЦôƣһ뵽һ˧Сǳüдһһ;úЦ
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طһжָӣ䲻ǾӵҲһļɣ֪С絽׷ɶˡ
ķ˿ǧˣһתĶܽ˼Ƶֱ䡣
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ҪҪѼưӣԺ͸ȺڿȾèʲôģһƯŮԱҲ
˭֪һѶͿԼҹٺֱд֣
ϸһд֣ڳдٿҵķӦˣȻ
Щý͵ɰⶼУôתأйעģдֶѡ
ֱһֱڱѾдʮһˡ
һֱûͣҶò˼顣
𣿡
ⲻƳĻ˰ɣ
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Сˡ
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߹ȥȴʯصˣ룬ƻ˻ȳдȥɡ
Զá
Īϰһͽ˰칫ңһʹ磬ֵͦġ
Էĵˣϰ岻ߣô˼أ
ȥţܣؼҳԷԼҪ𣿡
ĪĻϵֽʣҲ֪˫ֻ᲻
ùңԼȥ԰ɡ
ֱǶںС磬ĪҲҪҪϢһʡ
вһд˾ͶˣصǴֱû˿϶
Ȼһͷǰ˾ֻˣͼ˫ְϵֽŲ
ۻˣ
ǳ˰ɣʮһ飬ǳͷ𣿡
һûüۣͿһ̵ʳﱻ
ǺǣָĳԲˣٷô𣿡


 7 


ƴһ̵ķ׷һѣͷȻŹǣݫϺʣ⽷ţ⣬ȵ⣬ţβ
ۣӵĻʳð
СҲ̫ܳ˰ɡ
ûⷹǸС磬ԱС̫ˣ֪ҽһ˳ԷҳԷܰһ͸ˡ
С绹ǸʳأȫǻģҲǻġ
۳Եĺÿ찡
һ߳Էһ߿ԼֱҹСҲһ±ơ
ĪŲһʳٵʧЦˣôܳ
飬ҴŹǣݫϺʣ⽷ţ⣬ȵ⣬
Ī˰Ҳûʲôɴ˵ɡ
ǾȣϰܷƽӦ߳ԷǻؼҳԷæҲǼͷôϲˣ
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ƳԵúܿ죬ϾһҪд
ʰӣֿʼдˡ
Īմ򿪸ĲͺУǱѾˡ
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ֱȥȥģ۵ˣǲ֪룬Ȼ֪ԭίľ͸ǽ͡
һֱҪѶûһһֱôʱ䰡Ȼû˴ֻͻҲ嵽˰ס
һʱ˦˦֣۷˿д󶨣ѾˣֻһͳԽ˷˿ǸӳжӳɣƸоԼġ
дҲ͸ˣһд꣬Աһſհ׵ֽдϡɣ
ϲϲ
ۣдˣһʮ飡
˭ô̬ˣҪ˼ҳдСѧ𣿡
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ৣһܷɻ
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ڶѵʱԹԸŴ󲿶ܣѵҲеˮƽѾô𾪵ˡ
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˵γտŸе㲻Ը
Ʋ֪֮ĶԹ˵ԵʵҲģҲ֪֮ʲôìܣ˲ô˵
һʮˣϼʮл࿴˳۲˵Ҳһγһγ಻ôܾŶû
Ƹѵһܣֻһ֣Կ˲뻻ǹȥԿס
նû³ָָƸΣȥɣעⰲȫ
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ˣָָˮܣû£ҴǶȥɡ
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θһѵ֪˵ɣҲûš
ƿλøҪʱһϤƣƣ
ƻͷһüͷô


 8 

ǼڴѧͷĽģУ԰ƱѡУʱʤƱһģìȻٲˡ
˵Ľ˵ڿУҲһʵϰһ߿У˵ʦҽĴã֮ǰƽ
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ĽĵŹλصϣͽӵӵĵ绰Ⱥըˣû°ɣ


 9 

ƴ򿪰༶ȺһĽ߷һСƵ˳ˮͽǽֻܿҪϤĶϳ˭
༶ȺƽʱԾ˲࣬Ƶըܶˣһǽȼˡ
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ļٵģһΪڿЦ
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ǿ¥˳ȥ˵ôô벻ȥԱ
иƹϵľ˵ǰҲŪôġ
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Ӻһǰˣ˭
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տȺӸǷ˸Цı飬ɣӣ㻹˼ҪǮ̫˰ɣǰඪ
ĽǸǰʯͷԼĽţղԱ˵ʱս
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绰СҲɴ۾գͲ˵ǻˡ
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˦ˣѾó˼ֱӼëѲСè棬ֻëճסˣһ׸۾ϴ
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ƲèҲߣèɿôСĶţؽţҲ۵ĲС
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绰СѾ˵̣һҪȻ
ģʱǸСѵ绰ĴʣôŪ
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ʲô취
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˭뵽ִǸ˸ղ˵˷ҵʳ֪ͣһˣ˵ǾأǲȣɣһǾȣ˿ɲŶ
Ȼƾ˼èС


 10 

ưèݸΣղ⣬ҹȥ
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֪ʵ飬˲ȥվѵֱӽͰôԵղǸСѣ
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ξͻգ˵Ҳʵ飬ʵȥվĶûĶɣСиͦġ
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˶ȥˣҲסýţҪͶǣǿլ̫ˡ
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üٱ;ٱɣѵĶԣȷʵôһȥ⡣
˵ЩһȫɳϣһûģȻҪ˸ӣѴèֻСèŽȥ
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ΰգϻˣһţͼҪߡ
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ռǳˣ˵ʲôⰡġ
̾ˣ߰ɣϽЩСè;վȥ
ƻͷ˵ĴЦƹһǻûһˡ


 11 

ǵ˾վվҽһǾ¶ͷ۵ı顣
ˣʲô
üʹΣŰСè𣿡
ҡҡͷһŰʲôУȷʵͦˡ
ҽǸŮģΣôüĿȴܰü֪ǲԭһʱ̶ڱ˵ĸо
èȷʵǱֱ̫ˣȥҽԺҲ˶ǮҽԹš
ٿֻСèˣҽᲦŪСè̾һֵ࣬ҪĻְɡ
ǿأȻվǸƬֱӾͿԹȥվûԣȴڰ֣ҿŪ
˵ſһϢСèôĻʲôͶ̥
üȴû˵ʲôտܾӲղŻŰèء
ôһܳȥˣ⼸û³ڳϴϷء
ֻйθСèҽһһһֻϴϵĽˮ
ҽſƣӴǶﻹСˣϡ¡
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ҽŸ˵СãˣжʮûУ
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һֱÿǸˮһʮ˵ֻһ굫űȶʮĳˡ˼ҾСȻ˵û뵽λôֱ
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ôܣȻȥңʲôҲûɰʱڳҾͼһճ塣
˵ÿγ񣬶մ浵ģղûУ֤ݾС
Ƹζһۣûش𣬹ȷʵż¼أǿİô¼
ղȥ˶ˣɣոţܷ󣿡
Ʋϲʣʲô󰡣ǲǾ֪ŰèȥȰģèҲǴߵģճҲҼģڰ
ЦˣСѾͷ˼ȻȥʯӣҲһҪô˵
˵˵ûԼҪǲ΢ĲҽɴˣǾͲˡΥ֪Ҳء
˵ո磬ҿû¼ǣȻ˵²ͱˣ
𾪵˵ո磬ôˣ
ƿգ֣
ǺǣСѾͷתƻ⣬ָ̾żʻԱѳŰèмſڣ߰ɡ
ιδ˼¼ǣƶֻˣ뻹ˣٴ̼ǵùļһˡ
ҲҪȥոҪٳ嶯ҲöŰ
бһۣû˵
ĸŰèеļſڣûأ󰧺ҲĹƨӣȻҺӣҲǡ
һ⻰ͻȻеˣʯ˵ûԼȷʵ֯޼ɰһع⣬Լ㲻Ĩأ
տɫ˵ʲôֻŰСģ¡
˵ţŰèаˣǲֱӸɣҶˣôǿţ
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á
˵ֱӴԼóһ˸ʵǴӿռóģҲ֪Ǳĺôˡ
⻹󾪵ˣɣﻹ⣿
ξ˵ⲻǶĹߣԼģ
Ƶͷ԰ͶȤˣʲô߶Աء
˶ЩȵؿǶΨһλŮԱǶⰡ
Űèǻˣ£ô°ܲУǲǹʱ һͶǵġ
һ׼һʣȷҪʧǿɲġ
ʲôϽģ
İſˣճĴָ԰
û뵽СѾͷֻãרҵôӲоܸɣһˣŻҪЭС
ȥ󣬼ƿŰèУǿסЦ⣬ʲôͰ
ģŲͶ㣿


 12 

治ּЦͣʵŰèе̫Цˡ
Űèճϣճճ˵ذϣǿճذˣѿ˭ֱ֪ճסˣԼŰѿһ룬ڿɹ˰ɣڿһֱֻճסˡ
ھһֵŤưڵذϡ
Űèгż϶ùճô涼أ
ε̯̯֣԰ͨճô涼𤣿һճҲܰմذϰ϶ΪŰè˸װϻ˵úúպѰ
γͦͦأʾԼż¼أŵ㡣
ŰȥŰèС
ŰèŤѾˣѪҺּŭģ׳¡
ǹҲ֪ԼְڣİֱӼճ壬Ȱ˴ӵذ
Ȼʳ۵ڰ죬ŰŰèеֻֽѳ
ŰèеıֱʣΪһèԼֻèһճڵذϲ˵ŮԱЦ
һֱڱЦȷʵûЦɲ¶û¶ЦݣŰèж֪ЦʮȷԼճڰ죬ڸ
һһʣʲô֣ǺӵĶԲԣһҪͶ㡣
ô󣬺ûָѪҺѭһ⻰ɴ̯̯֣Ͷʲô
ҺôңǾȻ¼񣿸ϽƵɾˡ
ξ˵ǳ¼ǹ涨ҽйΣҸ绰ͶߵĻֱӴ绰ͳɣҸ𡣡
ƼԼæͶߵңҽмƣְںһжӣôͶ߾ôͶߣûʲô
ŰèЦҵš
˰ѹΣ׼ŰèУвҰ
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˼һѣС˵˽ϾͱͶߣ϶ᱻӳ
Ѿû£ҲǳͷˣҲûٶ໰ߡ
Űèǩʱ֣κףǺǣ֣
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ûУôأľ仰ˣȷȥҽԺ԰ɣǿɾնˡһ˵һ߿ߣһϡ
˶¥ʱŰèվڴǰģҼҴأɵҼҴͿأһ¥ΪʲôҪҼҵţ
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ʮģȻȺڵ۾ѩġ
ûһųͽ˸ӾȹĻȥ硣
˰ĻģǶΨһһŮ˭˼ȥĴϷȥ̹ˡ
Ĺ󲿷һԺģ˾ͷͣһݵøˣקųҪӣһŲȿղݽȥ
һԽԽҲ˲ˣֱӲȽһקһ
ǹһˣҲ࣬ǱҶЦ
˼˳ţϳ˶ȻŷֻҪȽȥôҲζϻȥϴ衣
жһݶӣȻջһѬǵԡұ
һֱúӵŮԡƵĲô͸ŮƵģŶţһһŮһǱ߼Ҫ߿յòС
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ȻǱ߶ӵСǿһߣĽĲС
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ûоһ׷ҲԲҶ̸δˣɵñûء
ϱǰԻɴѧͬѧѦ壬ڴѧ̸ֻѣое˼ֶû˵Ƶ֡
ҵһͬѧۻŸƱס
Ҳ쵽ˣǵһʵϰеͬѧ;һΣѦ壬ǲԾ¶һ˿Цݡ
ϴ˳ͷʱƿžԼ뵽ܿͻᱻ飬֮еʧ䣬Ϊα鲻ٴϲĴ۰
ţűƿƻΪСĻĸŮԱˣҪǰĶϴ裬һתͷͿһ벻ˡ
Ȼʯأ
ֹԼԡӳŮã
Դʯʯشһųȥ֧ԮӣǺģȻȱã
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ǰԼå
Բߴˣ
ʯؼæ˳߶һA4ֽϱߴӡһŮ֡
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еԡúúõģҪ
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ľ󣬡Ǳ߲ϰ˵㵽ʮŮô£һռŰã
Ѿˣ϶Ҫеطϴ谡ϴδӳʱ˵𣿡
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ΪԼƫ˵ӳʵСͦģ˵һŮûʲôڳϴŰɣúܣҲ಻۵ģҲݷȽңûһ˿ԥģƽʱȥʳóԷȲٲӣнһ
ʯظɴѶ㱨һ顣
ȻԽԽŰèĻ쵰ȷʵܵͷ²Ӧ
Ӳȥ˼ҵճֽţȻֻȥˣԱЩΪֱǸԱĨڣ
Ĺ˵ȻľͰѼƸˡ
Ȼʯһ֪жӳԲǹⴳռ˵ġ˲ܸʯػ죬ܳΪжӳҰ˵ƷϾԿס
ϴȥСģ֪ԭʱ䰲ţŮԱϹ̶ʱұߵãöǳĲãϾʱжӶĻһϴ
û뵽ԼĵȻ鷳Ҳû취˭úӵỹʽģû䱸ԡҡ
հѸ˵ͷȥѵͽӵʯصٻ
뵽õ£е㲻˼ȥʱѾ˵Բû·˾УûҪרŵǸ


 13 

ʯذ칫ʱʯڿŰèеƵ
棬Ϊ̸ǸεĻ⣬ȴû뵽ʯһҪǸ˼ûС
ֻʣӳ𣿡
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кǺǣˣӷҪܷ棬˭뵽ôΣء
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Ȼ֪˵ʲô֪ŰèеûͶ߰
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۾գգʯأҲ֪˶٣˵˵ȥҶŵʧǲ̫ǿţȰ˵ǿŵģһ¥ǲţ˵ţеøɱһǻΪܲãȻû룬ֱӾˡ
ʯѾŰèеƵȻֻĵŽȥ£ŰèкͼƵ飬жϳҲˡ
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ƴ˿һҲ飬㱻ͶҲûԼˣ˲ѵ´һ䱾ġ
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еίҲû˵򴲾ˣ˵ʮСӾһ򴲵ģŰèֺܲè迴СèŰˣ׳嶯ġ
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᣿ʲô˲ӲСֻӴԵͦոζŲ㱨󶼶ֿޣɵ¸ñ𣿡
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ƾˣʯжô͸ˡ
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ʯҲ˵СѧԼСѧǶСѧ裡
ҪϢã첻ܳǸѵûġ
ƣɣԴ˾ûϢùǺȦһֱûȥʮѣϨǰдꡣˣϻϽ񷭱
ƴСǱŷۺ챪˯ţԴӶʧߣû뵽ʯⶼע⵽ˣ⼸ĺȦûô˰
һʯѾ˰칫ңҲûȥ磬ʯӳʱһֱȻǺܲǵġ
ĺʱٴˢ˼¼ĸĸʰװһ̻ˡ
ٴαƸһھͳӣæ˵ԣʱôණԳθá
ҪԵôУ
˷ѶҡͷЦһԵö࣬ɡ
¼ƶʯ˵ǶӳһǸӲģڶҲûӵͶߡһҪģǳԲ˶ߡ
ûӵͶߣ˭ˣƸˡ
ʧЦʲô˵صصóüԣԺҪô嶯¾͹ԹϷ
ƺһϷӳͷҲ̫СѧˣȥȥǽУΪʲôôϲ˳д
ҾͲˣǶǵһдˡ
ĳͷǸģĽ˲ûԺ󲻻ÿηдɣֱ޿
ƺǲ³˼ͷǲɵ㲻ˣ
̾ǽִеѡ
ʯûԷСʱȥɳһ˶ٷ
ӻŰèУҵĸ˸ӣסһһҲܴպŹҲû׽ѣǸĸСҵеСףҲ֪Сҵ󲿷־Ǹ裬Ҳǲ뽻ʮҵѣ˼һ߾£Ҫ˵ΥûǸӡ
ʯصҲôһ˵ҽҲûɹģмܺԼְèˣ
˵ҲǣУҶŰɡ
ʯʵҲ֪ǣҲܶʮСʱŰèУϾҶбҪæ˵ҲŰСĶб򶼻ɱ˷ЩһʱŤ
ɼƵĵҲǺ޵֪˵һҲĲ¡
˵ŰèУ˻£ͻȻʣ˵Ǻ˸ŮԱͦƯİɡ
ʯһ㶣⼾ƾͳһѾɳˣ
аɡǶ֪ˣ
˸Ҵžɳһ֣Ϊһϵͳģ˵Ķ֪ȥ
˸ɳ˴ƣ
ʯüʣ˭ƯƯ׷С𣿡
ƯƯʵġҴľһ˵ѣΪСϴνֵ̻ǸŮӢۡǴء
ʯŷģ˵ˣǴڼƸֱ뺷ظѵʱҲ˴
ӣеͷۣϴдöҪˣξֻʮ鶼д
극ȥʯأͷ˭֪˼ҲڡӳǶӳ˵ȥ
̾ԹϷɣ׼ҪдأСֻˣƿõЦͻȻֲõԤС
ư˵ֱдϴαȦ˲ٷۣҲֱܴɡ


 14 

ϴֱҪһҲ³ܳͷȻһ¿ֺãܾôֻΧţɲһΡ
ԴǵؾܾСŵ´ݼٸóԵ̻ưƿ˰룬ûԭĵͷ
ֱдֲ˿
ǺĺֱֿϴδֱйЩʵһֱţǸֵС¶棬ҪСҲһ˵ֱˣ˷ܵ
ȻƵһ黹ûдʱֱ˲ˣֿʼ׷ʼΪʲô
ֻһ⣬ĪѺĺΪرעȴҲû߹һ˫֣˷æˢ
˵СˣǼҲû뵽һ黹ûдأˢˡϴβȫ˸ףˢ
СΪ˶žһֽд˹ٷ˺ţܾİ˸֣˼Ƶֱߡ
ˢϹ
ֻʮɻʮСɻȻһõ廨ȻǴɻ
СıüƳ˵һ£û뵽ͦ죬һˢš
ŵСļæֱ䣬ƣô죿˵˲ɻиһֱˢģôӶˡ
ƾԼҲܷˣɴд֣˶ÿѵѵ˾㲻Ҳ벻֡
ս״̬ʮС˼ʱС仰ҲһɣҾд֣ˢʲôﰡ
˵ŵҰֱˡ
̾ĸ̫ˡ
С̾ô죿ˣϵһǸˢģ˸ɡ
ǰҪǼǧɴϴһȥٰѾ֤ŵϾУô࣬ǻ˼ҰɣҲҪ˿֤ݷȥΪǶô
Сİ̾ģⷨԺˣһ˵ϴֱȦôۣҲһΣҪˣͲٹˣû뵽ŲӾͷˣǿɶ񰡣̫ˣôͿ𣿡
Īûֻ˼˫֣дʲôԱ߷ʲôǶޣֻ˫ǽȳ޳ֲץסۣץסġ
û뵽һ˼ֱӹֱˡ
˵ˢлụΪôֱˣ
ĪֻǶֱ粻˽⣬һ˼Ƶע⡣
ˢ´ڱƵµۣ׵Ĺⲻ˵ĺţ
̾·߲ͨ˳ʱСķ˽ţҪǮ
֮ϲĪʮ˷ܵʣƣ
Сһ㶣˾Ȼ֪С֣ѵڲװۣ˵δСӺü׷СģѲλеһλ
СģҲСǶģ
Īһ㶣ԭǰ׻ϲһǣֻǹעǵķ˿Ǯɸȥͺá
СЦλǸԼûʲôǮֱˢˢͺڵġ
Сľ˵Ⱦȥ󣬻ϸ֤
ĪôںǵǮʶ˼ϵʽ˼һԼպ̾ӽôôء
ûһξ磬ղ㿴ûӵֱ˼Ҷ˵˲ҪиɵñˢɻǺǣ湻˵ģеǮûˢǶһٲƵ˼ֱӹֱ䡣
ɵñĪüԼãǲ̫ˣ춢ӵѶŸʲôû𣿸Ͻǰδѻ˵ôô£
ߣҾжһ£ǲƭӡ
ʲôˣĪʡ
ξֻҲڳдĸһּҲ࣬˵Ժ˽˺ֱ㿴ǲǺλ
Ī˵˽˺ʱһϲһƵ˫֣̾Ƕֿȷʵе񡣵˫־Բģָ״ȻĹÿɫۡ
˫ȻС񣬵ϸڲ̫ˡ
ⲻһ˵֡
ξе㾪ȣ磬ƾжϣûλֱôֻ־жϳ
Ҿһ˵ʲôֱѶ㻹Ҳæôῴֶ
Ī˵ţƿõֻ
ûֱдʮ飬ǰֶԽԽοд̫ˣԽдԽдϴϴ˯ͷһûķۺ챪ǲѾ
ڶһ磬СȥҴӳһֱӾˢ˽ҲһѶడСģԺǧҪֱˣһο˵⣬ҪٿˢǿɾΥˣ˵ֲǴƻǮȥ裬˷ʱ
СĴӦҶҲ̫ˣҲֱôɰ
ǾˣúоһЩϿ϶츳ġ
Сĳ緹ʱƱԹӳˣ֪·ķʽСҲ·סˣ˿ܰѺת˹
ԶãĪһ˾ʹ򿪸ղ˵˺ţû뵽˾Ȼֱǽ֪ʶˡ
Īǿ䣬ֱӰϴγֵʣµǮˢ˽ʺţȻ˫Ƕǵ֣סЦ
ϰͻ¼ĸ鿴ԼϰֻɵЦ;Υͣȿĳֱ䣬ֱֻһ˫дֵʱͷ²ԼҸ˧һһŰϰ岻Ǹɣպһֱֻ¶ֵŮ
ĪûԼǰˣˢǸԱŮڶ˵ŸлĻ֪Ǽٵģȴ쳣ȸԾ
һһݶӣͷһαսҲһϳ֡
ǱŸңһֱ죬һȥһζûѵʱʯصֻһΣѵһӵˮͷѴҶһ
ʯؿһۣǶȥ¥ѵ粻Ҫ̫
ȻҶƣ󻹳üŪ۵ġ
ǸԵöҲдʯǲл¥ѵǿȱȳѵˣΪʲôóԱ
Ϣʱսʳô÷˺ԼһվԱߵ潨һ
Сһһէģܣû˻һ϶б¡
εЦЦⲻͷһû顣
ʦ˸˰һʳиոװڱºĲˡ
Ĵ˷ûСֽǿƬʦ˭͵ģû»𣿡
ݵ£Լʲô֪𣿡
ʦеϻۣ۾＾ƿʲôҲûзУ˵ǲǼȴģ˵ǿݡ
ѵԼ裿лʦӱԼᣬǲ裬ԼǱڵ״̬
ԼӲ
µģһͺܸߵܾ£Լȹܣо·У־ò̫͵ģϾֻʵĶ
ɴ򿪿ȷʵԼԵĲˣŹǣݫϺʣ⽷ţ⣬ȵ
ѵѦԼںû˵ӸĽĶڰ༶Ⱥ﷢ԼƵҲ֪
ƶŷʳߣŷηţƼȷ˾Ѧġ
Ѧ巢˸Цлл
ѦڿСȺ漾ĽģյллСȺһ˽ͼˡ
Ҳ˸Цעⰲȫ¸¾ۻ
֪ģãѲͺзŵϣӲͣһ԰ɡ
ʵ⼸ʽʳҲƵȷʵûȡ
οٿСɽһ̣ٿķУǺǺЦӳ˵˱̫ư


 15 

Ʊûʯص˼һô˵Եøˡ
κ潨ǺʯصĻûԡ
ĺв˼Ƹų˸ɾˣеڣУҵøϽȥȻ׼¡
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ѵѵͬǼҪѵҪķӦٶȣҪרҵ֪ʶã֮һʹѵ۵ġ
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յ¥һʲôըˣĻ˲䲼¥
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Ȼ棬ʱҲûȥоЩЧôģҵ˵ɡ
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˵ȻκλӦϵ¶Ⱥܸߣó̺ϣֲˣҲ𣬹̺ܽ¶ȣƤսζŨˡ
ϱǱģֶһϢ˲űյģȻûŵζ
ֱߵĿ㣬ΪȻ͸ֵϣû뵽ⱻսζȻôܣרҵ׼Ʊ˼ˣζ͸Ƕˡ
θڷţﷺԭӳ˵ԣ¥Ĳ̫ܳ
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ϴһƬЦʯؿһ㣡
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ʯظջһɫ˲ֺˣղſһֱûûҲΧӰ죬䣬⻰
°ôæǰ궬·̴һ豳ŮʪëţȻʱԱжûȥȱˣǺӿ϶ˡƣҪſѧҪ漣
Ҳ˵ǰζʵġСֵĻ㲻˽ȥżζµذġ
ʣ
ƻȻԭ̫Դ̫ΪˣԼԡͶԻָˣǳǱʲô̸̻׼ֲ»ǳԮûѶȣʼԴ!
㣬ϵӳҴˣһѧϰܽᾭѵ
ʯϰԵ뷣ɿǸôʱѾͷŵ֪͸İ
ȷʵʶԼĴ󣬵Ǹôˬʵǲٳ
ʱСָָԱߵİ칫ңʯӣӳ롣
ʯһߣ˿ֻҲ˲ɣ˵ƣ֪֪ЩΪʲôɢſζ
ߵǰо
칫Īϲ裬˵˼װԱƭ
ǰҲзֵġĪ˵һֻ忴Ѷš
ӹٷֱʼֱܶǲǺӵģĬˣ˸ˢҲˡ
Ī˵̾˿ҲƭˣҺòԾôæרŰһֱɣȻ˲IPеġ
û뵽ĪװĵҲôӵȻѶֱƭˣ
λǳڲƾ̸ֱƭˣôеáǰ컹оλڲƾ־ϵĹз
忴ƭһյĪ뵽ԼǵĹƱɵеĻš


 16 

ʯؽʱͼֻƵԱһ죬ʺܳڵˡ
ӳ£
Ƕӵļûֱ
ǸûֱƵҲֻ¶д֣廹жϲǲǼơ
ʯرʵһ㶣ֱ
԰ϴ㷣дֱȦ˲ٷۣ֪СֱһΣ֮ûԼֱ
Īܸʯأ˵ٱ
ʯֻôһ죬˵ƱʱֱЧЩȤֻҪ񣬹ûֱأҲûʡ
ӳأֱǰ¥칫¥мѵһȫ
ʯش򿪴ûأǱߵĻЦ
ĪҲǰ
¥ǰûּϵ⣬κЦӲ顣
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ҿֱĶЦ
˵ҵ찡ƣԭΪǸθû뵽ȻǸ򡣡
ЦֱƣöӳҪˣȻôֱĶԴԱ
ƺһֲѵУЩֻǼˣ˵ǾȻֶ˼ⲻֻǴֱŰ
¥ĴǰĪżһż˵Ĳһקż˵ĽɵĻƣȻصˤϡӺĪĿʼð֪ȻϲɫԲǽСŮôҲ벻ô
ʻ壬˶ٽ
70ɡ
ΪԶҲû׼ڸأֱžͺܶεЦЦأѵ˼̫ҳȽʡʱ 
ʯؿԶļƣЦѾͷǴư˵ԣֻҪԻҪӲͣ˵ҪֱĶԴˣˤ
Ī˵ĽЩ㱣һװ72˲ء
Ǳ߼Ʋŵϵļ鶫ڸԱߵĶ˵ʲôĪС壬Ѿ뵽ԼߵĻˣ̻ģ˻᲻ֱӾͰҡΣ
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Ǳ߸ߺһƣϵӳ칫ҡ
һôҲ벻ǱڻŸĻֻΪԼղˤ˱ʯؿˣղߣڲǰѵԼƻˣ
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ϼǷزӸסЦĳ嶯һ£ⲻʰɣЩǸģܵõǵϿǾ֪ˣôǸ¥ء
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նϼСӳôôأ
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ҪĪĴתתʯҲֻţ˱˵űߡ
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˵Ż˰ʯأϽ貹ʯֻõǸղˤ˵ǸƣеҲߣϸûŵģΪнģ˵ĻЦЦҲ͹ȥˣû˵档
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ʯѵһ٣½ҹȥû뵽ĪͻȻʯӳһŮӣôֱѵѾˣֻǽֱ£ûҪܲɡ
˵ʯطӦֱߵǰãƣҽĪллղŵȷʵǸ
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вĸеãΨһͶСʱʮ࣬βͬˡ
˵ҹڵֻأҲ̫ܼ˰ɡ
˿Ŵ󿨳һ԰ѽĻ߾һˡ
ǿƵҲܳΪ󻧣ʲôЦ
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͵ҵϣһ۷ֻС͵
Сɰǰһ˷¸С˳ƷݣԳ޹ȾĽ߲ˣʱʱؽũҵƵĲɷã׷ũҵŮ
ðֱ졣
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࿴ϤϱеⱲҪѡ˧ģһһ𷢼¸Сġ

 17 

ƴĪ, ˵Ǻ죬˳ͦ˧, Ҳ, ½ǹɡ
ͷǻôģ
ƭ˲Ҵ, Ȼȷϣ
, ĪҲϤѵڽ̾ȵǶеĸ
˵Ǹй˾ܣ
ƺɵؿĪѵ֪Ǹˣ
Īý, æ֣ղڴӳ칫һЦʮֽӲ, Ϊ̫¸ӡˡ
û, ֻø, ĪʮʿֻᴥһָϷſ
ȻмС, ָ, Ա, ̫̫, Ȼǲ֣ҵһοֱʱϲһֺ֡ȿǸƭӵֱʱһ˵أһǸ鷨ңʼȻлû뵽ǸͲ㡣
ԭǿ˲Ŵ͵ģƱʾ⡣, Զ˲ƷƷļ𣬵ѧʱٽЩĳƫʱȷʵ᲻ܲ˵һǧ
Լ۵ʧƫģҪҪǸأʯأ뿴ܲܵõ㰵ʾȴʯͷؿʲô˼Լ鷳
ٿĪûǾûҪǸˡ
ĪСΪѵմȾϵĳǿסȥĳ嶯Ա
ƺôôŤأæСͺá
һǽưɣ־ͺá
ʼʾν
Ī˿ǽһ
Ͻڣơ
ôôأ
ֻ˸֣ĪԼܿ
ŬѹԼ飬¶ҵΣ˸˲ֱ죬ûжٸӰ죬ȻĻĲ֪ôǸˡ
ղڰ칫ĪǸأӵĹٷſֱһ顣
ʱĪֻ˵˾䣬ӵ£տʼѶûܱ١
ȻôڸƵǸҽмȷһǸֱǲ˭֪ʶûʣĪֱ˽ۡ
´Īٿƣ˲ֲеĲ롣
Ѿͷֱʱ²¶˰ɣ
ǱƭӷɻǸ¥֮ⲻھư
Ҳû뵽ĪԼЩȻôϵĸǸλغܹ㡣
¶ҲûʲôʧӵǸ
ֻεûû£ʵҵĴӳұѹٷŻԾӣжӳҳʮһɴһɣ˭ֳ֪
ĪͳЦǶĳͷôи𣿻
Ȼ˵ʯؾ˵ͷȷʵе㲻ʣҿ´ֱӷվһСʱɡ
Ī˲ͺˣֻҪϹѧľ;ѵֻҪѵվˣζʮӶܲˣվһСʱ
ðɣҸղ˵ֳͷ̫д̫ˣǿһ˼бҪ
ƿһ±ƣĪʲô·
ôͷʲô£ǿ˼룿⻰ʣ֪ĻΪϼӲء
˽ˣʯرȻһĪͼһ֪Ŀģٻݹ̣ʲôֱƭͶˡ
ֱʱһ¶úƯҲϾȻĪŲֱѰŮˣӵĺţӴ󲿷ֶеģͻȻиŮԱƯŮԱ϶ˡ
ʯһ뵽ƿһʽͲôûĪɴضԻ˵ӳȥѵˡ
ҲáȻ˵ˣСҲȥѵɡҴĴתת
ĪҲҪߣæһǱȥɳһ˰ɣ˲ֻҵ֮ǰ֮˱˺ܶ顣
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Ī˧ǮղǼƺŮӦҲ֣СҪӴö˺׶ġ涯ģʱ˼ҳһأ˦·Ĳۣ
忴ۼƣʵ¸СûϵǸԺӵƭģҸȥɡ
ĪҪ˵ʲôȻ
ѾԶʯغͻǸǰļƶ˵һһӾͳ˳ȥ
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Ī뵽ǵļƣɫ֣ǰ̫ΣˣԱն԰ɣ
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ƻΪǲ˼ˣ˵߳ûҪѧʲôҪ𣿻ǾҸ˳۵ͶԵģ
˵˵ͻȻԼְý˻ͦϵģǵΧ۱㱻Ҷʱô˵ġ
Ҫ˵ѡҲǸ˵˵㲻ʲôģĶС
ƣ극ȥվһСʱϳʮ飡
ʯصСʳõ˶ˣֻӳԷĶԱǣʦѾͷôʯˣ
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ҲС˭ô֪찤Ҿô֪ԼҲҪ˽ܡ
ΪжļʮԽеĿʯء
ʯر֪һʲô裬ΪʲôˣҲôʰɡ
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ӹܶҲίиưҸС˵ý˵⼾һͲǸ׵ˡ
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ʯطҲԲȥˣȥҴӳ
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Ǳʯҵ壬ӳüƸ˵󣿡
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ʯزϲʱ绰»ڳϣֻð˵Īˡ
ĪæӦãȥɡ


 18 

ֻô˵һ, ֶûĪͼҴҵرװҡ
ĪȻݼٶҪȡ, һ뵽Ϊ񲻻Ѽ滹˿, ӴſڣȻǱͣ
ĪòԴȡ, ʶĿ³Ӹͺ, ֻӾ˵ռƣ˼ͬѧ, ˵ѧʱĸҲι̣֪ǲ
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˿Żɫ
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˼Ǳ־ʣҲӵģ
ǰɡʩԱļ๤, Ҳӵİ
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Ī³Ӵſȥ͸ɴʵƵѣ
Ѧ, ֻͬѧ
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ңһֱڴųΪƵѣ֪ôѿ˵˲ǡ
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Īʼ磬ӾʲôҲ񣬻ŮѣȻԺԼʱӰһҲøϽߣɨ˰ԺҪ˺Ӹ鷳׶԰ýͣҳʲôĶȥԱļɲõ
Īһ˵һĬĬԼܾȻﰵȰ˾֣ʰΪܱ˹飬ȥˡ
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²Ǹ񾭲ɣƻ졣
ʼ䣬вˣѦֻõлת棬ҵ绰ɡ
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Ǽȥļƣ̾˿ֻŰɣԳˡ
µˣˣʱͨŲٳܶ˶˳еİӳڴĸֽϣҵǵģ˵ˮļʩȣϣˡ
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ֳҲ߻ǰգЩյľͷ
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ˮԲܸϣˮļҲס
εдʱе㵣ģϾˮµ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ȴԱǱȥȻͿһɫ㳵⳵ѾûˣˮҲ쵽
ֳ̫С̫ˣǰֿ˽ʯûˮߡһһӣӦ̴Ů
ͷѪѾˣӦ׹ʱˡ
Ŵ˵ͷƴϾţȻղŵĺȾŮģ־Ҳֻþһס̵ͷ
ƴӿռͳȥеڰ̥ӽʯ˳С쳵ۿҪߡ
룬ȥס̥
ʯذһǽƣⳡʮˣŲŽ˲ɣֱǶ̣ô׷Ҳֲǰ˸ͥʧ
һɥıӳҵˣȱҧˣ¡
ֲҽϹжϣϽ͵Ȼȥ
ȻΪʯҽѧʱӦùæ˵ĶԱǶҽԱأĶȥˣ
أ
һ飬û˿
˵ǲǼûˣ緹ʱ˵Ҫȥμͬѧۻ𣿡
ѾѶȽҽ⻰˵ܣҪҲһк
ʯҲüƲԼܵȻôܰŸɣǷֵصġ
ʱ潨ŸԱ߹ӳǲСģ
ÿ˵Ʒ϶бţʯؼǵúӹһģ·ȥĶˣ
Ͻˮ͵һ
лҪ˵
Ԥġ̸ר˶
Ϊһж̸רңɿÿ춼ɥΪĵ²ۡ
ֱһһˣ
ɵǰ˵ои̸רң¥Ļǽٳʵģᱻһ䡮ԣȰ
һμ̸רʱмҪȥ̸רȴסʲôϡжһ
̸֪רԹɫᣬһɵ𣿹Ȼʢ֮ʵѸ
̸רVSؾӳ

 19 

ɢѰ, ͻȻָԶһС˵ʲô
Աһձ˵˿ǵɫͻȻʲô, ͷ, ֳ¹ŵķϳ˿, С, һСҲǵĳһȥˡ
ȻϸҪߵԱҲ˵ԣɫС㣬Ҿǳߡ
ʱǸѾʧ, ʯȴˣɫļĽˮһѾ, ϵΣˡ
أʯؿԴŵ, п, ô嶯çײӣ᲻ֱ½ˣ
, ȥȷԱ, ϴ绰Ԯ˸˳Žҡ
Ʊųˮ, СˮۿҪ, СŮųҡΣͷֱײ˳ˡ
ٴҲûˮѳͣûСˮ޴ʩչ
ʱȣһһСͷûˮ, ҪȵСˮʱǶѾˡ
εذѳս˿ռ˶ѾԣȻû͡
ƵĿռ䲻Ƿ䣬аɫĵذ壬ɫ컨壬ȴûǽޱ޼ʵĿռ䣬ĸ߶ԶתܿȪۣԴ֪һҲûгԹ
ΧȪԱ߶ѷźܶʣԱʱ֮裬ȪԱ߻ΣƳöûϢռ伾Ѿõú˳ˣȴųУ˵ûռԼһġ
ǼƵһΰ˴û뵽˳˿ռ䣬˿㰲ȫˡ
ûиǰ˾ȳȥռԲܱ©
ưС˿ˮ̫˵ˣֻҴһС죬ˮš
СŮ˵òأͷϵȴᣬ˶һûˮеģǺ˼ˮûϢֻΪײιȥˡ
Ƽ󣬲ģҳȦһȻ׽ϡ
СŮһҪӣƼæѳ˳ȥȻŴ˿ռ䡣
߾ļˮС쳵һˮͱߡ
СŮˮһ˹ۼƣʲôͼһļˮСŮֱȺ˼ˮʶڣŮ֪ĻһӰ쵽ھǵƯ㣬ԹԵһҲ
ˮо˾±οļˮУһһŲεüѣȴ򰶱߿š
ʯشӵ˿˳Žҳˣһ߲һźʵصص㣬潨Զ￴ţͷͻȻһ㣬æչȥˡ
һֱֻͨӳǰѾ׼ˣ
֪ͨǳϾ͵
ҵˣɼأʯｹ֡
ǸϵʱСصˣֻгſţǱ˿ģ˲ˡ
صǸ֧ԮһӣǵĶӳʯأǲ˰˾ˣǲ֪
ֿܣʱֳôңҲѾѳϵ˾ȳĳȻҽԺʯôţֻơ
ûֻѾ󣬡ӳϵļˣϱһһСûҵоԮ¼Ҳûǡ
ʯؿˮСһ
ǱЩأӳҲûҵƣиȥˡ
ңôӳϵоַ
оֵ쵼ڶԣ˲ҲˣæܵԱŽѰҡоֵ쵼Ѿͨ绰ȫԱϣرˮբѰҡ
߹԰ĵ̰ԣѾ˰ԮӵѾȮһʱ䷢ǣųż϶Ȧ
Ԯӵæżư߲ƺʩȣͷǺӵļƣ
Ƶͷƣһԡ
ͨ˵ҵˣ˺Ƕӵļƶҵˣƽ¡
ǱһƬʯ˷û¾ͺãû¾ͺã˵ǸѾͷôԲǸġ
ӶǶͿʼǵĪҲ˿˵߹԰Ϸ߹԰
߹԰ѾȹͷϵҲҪһȻСŮżƵֲϷţ㣬һȥҽԺɡ
ֻ۵ˣû£ȻȥҽԺѦҪ׵ӣԳٵҪģȻ֪Ҫϵʲôʱ
һ£ǿȥɣСãչ˺̣ԼҲҪԹȫŶ
ߣȥѾȶӵĳм˹ã𣿡
Ʋܲɷã㿪ѾȶӵǸӳ˵ûмƣǺӵģһڽˮд򿪳ŰһһСϰ̫˲ˡ
Ѿȶӵ˻ΧȺڶƣȻǲ֪ôģܾ漣
е㲻˼ǶӳͳЦ˵ɣôģǶ㡣
ðɡֻöżߵľͷ˵ղλ˼ܻʵøлŮ˼ڳһˮͻˣСŮΣңһ̵ֱͷٹˮ棬ԺҲһҪ侲һ취ԾһߵȴԮõѡ񣬵ȻԾȵİ취Ҫõ
߿ɲ˵ԾȣֲǿսĿôˮд򿪳ŵİ˾ģ
Ҫ˵ǿСˣֳİȫĺܲ·ҲΪСȫԲܱյĲòɵˮаѳ˿Ȼűҿ·˿Ǹ˾ȦûоȦĻֻҪ嵽αբĵطˡ
ĸطӵľȦţҵӾȦˣɷһ£ҲǸŵ㡣
ԴȦԲܳϰֻǵˮܼʱɿǾͱɢˣܽţһֱϰİ취û⵽ʲôطӵģûӾȦˡ
Ǽ߾ԱߵѾȶӶӳǲѾȶӵģ
пܡ
ѾȶӵľȦɲȺӵԣ˵û˲֪ʲôضӵģûϸˡ
˿䣬˵Ǹұˡ
߻û˵ˣǼֲסǸѾȶӵĶӳ
ƿΧȺܣҷ׷׸˵ˣ˵ôỹǸŮԱе˵ҲͶʮͷɣǸӡ
ȻдȥԼϴ軻··ͷˮأٸðˡ߰ɣȥҼһ·
ôȥأһ߰һ߳Цţһθܵ˴ҶԱĹذ
Ҹεĵطռϴ軻·Ȼ绰ʯȥͬѧۻᡣ
˭֪ߵ߹԰ſڣƾͿһˣܣô


 20 


ĪȻʪ, ȫȫβ, һ¶û, ŷ
ûشֱӵû¾ͺ, ҪȥĶɡ
ƿԼ, ðɣŪĳҪʵϻɾ·ĳô
Īֵû, ߰ɣȥƵϴ軻·
Ƶֻ, Ѧ, ƽ, Ͼ͵
ƣȲ, Ǿȳ˷, ɺͤ, ٹȥ¥µڰ˳, пյĻ͹ɣ˵
Ȼѡ˽ס
õģϵҡ
Īµ绰ͷ˭пˮ, ˵ֻǼƵͬѧȴ˵ѣѵΪ˾ܾǼưˣ
ʲôãñ˧Ǯ
ĪʱѦʮֲ֪ˣͲҲ˵ͬѧۻôҪе绰ͨһƽĻû
ֻôһеƷ仯֪Լģüܣˡ
Ǹʱ߰ɣ㡣
Ī˵˸ƾǰߴ·ˣ̾ôôִΪҲղλһǾҲû롣
Ī쵽ϣһ߿ɺͤϣһ߸˸绰ķ
üķǸеİɣҪʣĪ˵˳ҸױŶӣҰ칫Ǽӡ
˿Լ£ױŶӣѵҲҵ
ܣҪµĻ·߷¾ͺãҲģֻͬѧۻᣬϲɢ
˵õ㣬ȻҪ͵طƣôĪɡ
ڶôҪˣҲټֻ֣õͷӦ
ֽһĪе˷ܣڽԼһȴֳĬ
ѵĲЦݣﲻе㼱ôԼϤҪôнأ
ȸ鿪űķˣ߻һױʦһʦ
ĪüʱƲ׹ⶼΪ׼ģ㲻ÿռ䣬ҼƵϴ軻·Ҳü˵û£ۻϲŻɢѡиͬѧ֮ҲûʲôĵģΪ˼Ѧѡ
ܣ
˵𣿽֣
Īһܣ˲Ѿͷôôִأ
ðɣĪĲҪһǡ
˶ˣ㲻þ˷ѣȥ
ֳǵһǸСռ䣬·ױȫˣƽȣױʦҲʮ־ģȴе㲻ûϴأͷĽˮֱӳɻ··Ȼûӣһ֪һʮְ
ĪǳʲôأֻΪ˲Űѵˣ׷ԼʱܲС˵ܾ·еʲôķױʦƯȹӣ
ʱúֵԼôôЦأֻȥμӸͬѧۻᣬȫûҪôڰ
ױʦȻôΪΪҪȥμʲôأǻױ͵ġ
ʢȴ뵽ҪǼ£־ԼȷʵӦôƯ㣬˵ױͿԣǧҪһױ
Ȼױ·÷ͣҲѾͣɺͤſڡ
ɺͤǺܸ߶µʳŷвͣʫһܵܶʿ׷ƸϰΣһҲθڣ·̯ϵտԵġ
ſڣĪŴŵɫȹӵļƴӺ˲ðۺݣ̫Ưˣֲϲɫԭɫô
üȹӹճģɫĸ߸ЬȹɫʮֺгüԵøӸͷھޱĴ縣ׯԵһ˿Ƥ
Īξʱװ־Ͽȹʱ;÷ǳʺϼƣڿˣϰȥҳĳ嶯Թɵ̫ʺϼҳˡ
ôҲ벻ԲЩʲôл˵ղžһڲ˳⻹еڿЧ뵽һѦǰһƻǷǳġ
лл㣬ĪǮһȥٴ㡣
ٽһڽˣĪԼ׷֮·ֱﳤһģ̫ˣԼڰȻȥˣ
뵽Ƿݻ˽ѼдżͬѧЦͲ̣˭˵ԱͷģֻĹ֮Ǹ԰ԵСŮ
üƹĳͬѧǰĶ
ȥɣԺ˵
Ī⻰˵̫ᣬ˵е㷢㶣Ǹ鶼ˣ⻹𣿵ˣ˵ô᣿
ǵ˶Լʲô뷨ҪǼѦ壬ԺٿǰɣЦЦתɺͤ
ʣܣһȥ𣿡
˼ôȥĪû˵ţôͻȻôû
Ա񣬸֣ԸղλǲϰŮѣ
ɺͤİ䶼ôֵĳģͬѧۻк֮ʿ־֪طжҰġ
ɺͤȷʵҲһ䶼䣬ǴԲԷĵطʽĿȪмվֻɺ׵ܣΧȪǻУȪˮƣмɺ׻˼˿
ȪԱʽĺľɳΧţɳˣǰС࣬һͶʮ߸мȥ˹⣬ʣµЩˡ
˷гˮģиԴԷҽԺģྵġ
ڿţˣ͸˵أҲ̫ΣˣֱǶ̡
дŶʱƵȷʵľȻҷֳ˴£ʼҽԺߣҽԺŽԱӵ϶ҪȫԱӰࡣ
ĽĿƵԱھˣӣƲ˵Ҫôû
Ӹӱһ㣬ԲԲÿžʮֿףһĽôʾͷ㲻ǿһȥˣп
ĽĸҪ˵ʲôͼҶǽϵĴĻĻһֻڰԱ
ӾȵؿŻϤӰⲻ𣿡
೤˵ûưԭĵԱ
ӣǺǣȺﶼ˵˺üˣ㻹š
೤Ǹеģ۾ľͺѧǲţǲŰѧУʱȵӣԱ˭ŰʱŻŲò
һξ
ﻭһת˲ɷþͷ˵ž˵Ḷ́Ҿ͸ˡ

Ա治ס
ĽĿŵϵļƸһǱаˬΣԼڳʲôˣ
Ѳ⼾Ӣڣϲ˳ݵĸоȻʵ벻ͨΪʲôҪȥԱ
û뵽ôϲ˸л˳ݵĸо㿴˸ء
һֱ˵ʱʲô˼˵˾Ϊ˱˸л𣿡


 21 

Ľüûô˵, Ҿưõǰ;ҪȥԱ
Ӻһ, ԱôˣԱûǰ;ˣ
ʵ󲿷˶Ľ뷨, ޷⼾ƣϾǶԱֻҪϳԿ, ż͵úܡ
һҽѧȥԱ˷, ˸ĽһӱܣڵϿƾʱӢ£ҲֻǸ̾, ˵Ҳˡ
ɲ鲻⣬˭ҲĽһ˵
һֱûѦ˵Աͦõ, һഺ, Σն, ˮԼ»𣬺οӳо, ̫Σ, û˵, һСĳײ, ˳ˮƮˣʬ嶼ҲҾõˣǱȰϽͷŵһ꣬
ڼʱȰ֪ûõ, ʱ＾˵䣬־ѦǺ⣬Ҳֻһʱ嶯ͷأû
Ѧ͸ҪôȰƣĽˣôȰ֮֮ɣѧУ̸ʦھ˵費ͬԱϳȥˣ˵Ҳ̫Т˳˰ɣΪ˶Ѫô
ʵ̲סˣʲôϳȥˣȥסᣬһ»ȥһΣ費ʮʮģϰ࿪æأҪϥǰТְҵֻǸѡʲôТ˳Т˳İ˼ĸŮҲ˲˸飬õϹ𣿡
Ľĺһ˵ôưǸѰɣ
ʲôлӣ㡭
ſڼǵĶԻЦĽĻûû˰㵼ʦôûѧ˳ϸʲôԱôҲû˻ѧУʱһԱȣĽʲô
ǼҪôҾòãѡǴģ͹ԳĽںԺж⣿
ӣ˵ʲôô֡
һͷͼƴŷɫȹӣŸ߸Ь˽ɫǳѼԦɫˣһСľͻᴩۻǱ˵װۣɫȹӲϸ߼üõƤְۣʳڣͤͤŮʡ
ټſȪԱ߱ˮƣôӯӯǻŮ·ˡ
Ѧ忴Ķĺӣд󶨣ưȥԱֻһʱְģʱ򲻹ǻع鱾лǸɵģû⣬ǵȫְҲ
ĽҲɵˣʶػͷ۵ӣղŵǸǼǰ˭ƻħŮ𣿻һӾͱŮμӾۻ֣
Ӳֻϲ˧绹ϲŮǳͿĵӭȥƣ̫ˣǸղŻڵϿء
Ҳû뵽ɷõƵѾˣұ˼٣˭֪н
֣ƣҲ̫Ưˡ
иŮͬѧȹӣǰȹʲôӵģҲ̫ˡ
һ˵ƣܹģƣ촩ôƯҪѹȫ𣿡
ЦͬѧˣСϺӶ˭֪˭ҴôƯһΪã´ΪҵԱԺͰ޹⣬촩ƷˣԽ촩ƯƯңôҷģһңļơ
ĽģҶЦĽܾü⻰ôƯҲǹģȥھȹ˾裬¼ͻȻѡ
˭ϵƿûһۣѦ棬ֵؽӹ೤ݹĵ⣬ССڵĳ
ڼûǰҶôȰղǻ˭˼˵ʲô˸ղž˵ϸڡ
ȴѦһҪԵźţˣɣѵڴǰϴǵͬѧۻؼʱ׵ģֱóָˡ
ȻƲںôĸŮûģڴҲְҵѡʱѵͬѧǵ飬ֻһֱʲôǻѡġ
ƷС鵰⣬ǿѹס˷̧ͷѦ壬ȴ˵ƣһ̫ΣˣһûܰǾԼȴˮߣô죿ǶŮ
ĭžһը÷飬д˲ÿɬѦ壬΢ֻ̾ǵİΣ⡣
Ц˵İɣһᱣԼġ
ˮ飬û£´أ϶㵣ģƣ֪ͰƬսƬӢ۾ͰᣬӢѵǾͨˣиȶĹΣƽƽľͦá
ȫû뵽ѦȻ˵ֻܼˣЩԣҲΪãȫûӢ۰
˭뵱ӢˣҾͨ˰ǲ֧ȶ𣿲βΪ˳ԱԺãڶʳãݼԼ뱣ķôͲƽƽˣ
ʵڼѦһֱδ޵Ĺϵ˵ƽƽΪڵԺԼûʱ˼Ȼʹˡ
೤ԣٳæ˵˵öûƣѦҲǵ˵ҲԣԱҲƽƽģ˵ΣҲ־˵Ӧò̫ɣĽ˵㲻ǳҪ˼ҿè𣿡
Ƶͷʵȷʵ࣬һҪ
Ѧ೤ʹɫղŲ˵Ȱְ
೤ѧͨ͸ղĽĸѦôȰʱ;òְҵѡ˼Լ£˼Ҹɵúúõģƾʲôָֻš
ûѦ񣬼װڹš
ѦֻÿĽģĽŴһȰأʾְܱҵõĻᡣ
ʱ˵ưԱֻΣգҿ˵һпɲҶ󡭡
û뵽ԼһȷʾԼӸɵúܿĲҪȰǣǻ£ҴͷĻѡ
ȻѦ岻Ա˵ҵԱĶҪְ
ĽĲҶ仰ɲʹƷιĽģұ죬ҺòҶʲô¡ҲȥͺúԼǿ˲ұȡܰ뿴Ц˼һĽģⱲҲ뿴ЦԼˣָĵӡ
ĽĸʵӴһʼǾϵȳɼԵʦ˭Ľ׷żƱȣЩ°˶֪˴û˺Ͽϵ
˭뵽ⶼҵһˣͬѧۻ˺һ˶ˣΪǵİ೤ʱҲ֪˵ʲôĬĬհ۽ˡ
Ľ̫𾪣˵ѣĻ˵˼άôء˭ء
ӷּе㲻ԣȰʱƶѦ˵ҳһ¡
ǹŮ೤ٴαܿѦһ۽۰


 22 

ѦεҪżƳȥ, Ľʱӳ, ôô֪ô, ǴһΪãԱнû, ǻ쵹ùڻֳ𣿡
һ˶, ೤۽ۣŵϹ˭ǡ, ǿû˼
Ҳ׷׸ͣɲ, ôҲô˵ʲôнû, ˭أ
Цһ, ϸϼиշһҽ¼Ϊ˾շѹ˾Ҫõҽ, ҽҩֱӽҽڴһ㲻֪˵ҵҲҪҽΪΣְҵˡ˼λҽûκδ, ͱˡĽ, ҪƢ, ʽƲ˵ſģҿǧҽˡ
ĽǸôˣ˭ƢãôҲû˺ɣƢõư
˵ƻûأҿ㻹ʦ, ʦðһϼڿˣȥиʦѧҳˣҿҲǧʦˣʲôأʵڲмȫˣǰɡ
㡭
ʲô㣿ⲻΪʡнûġ
˵꼾ƲĽģһѦ壬ȥˡ
ĽĿҶղżЩԲԲȰһ˭֪һ죬Ӿ˵㣬ô˵Ҳͬѧ˵лҲô˵˴ĺ컹
˵ҪߣҲˣջȥʲô裬ͷβû˴ĽģǸһʱ찡ôҲͬѧɣˡ
ưѦ¥̨ǰ磬죬ȣ̨ϵθɡɹ÷̣һҲûС
Ҳûȥվ¥ڵ
Ѧ̾ƣû˼ĽҲǳ㡣
ĵҲ£Ƿˣҳ˵ͣȺŰĲңûû˵ģһֱΪԼӡɴһνԺҲòżʵദˣ˼ʽֻԼΪʲôҪά֣
ѦЦ˵ĶԣأҲǲҪάֵ𣿡
ƿʮָӣֱŷԼ̫ˡ
ֲˣѦˣƾòҽԱԲûʲôı䣬ѦȻرġ
ȻǣأղȰҴְҲְĻǲͲˣ
ʵְǲǾͲϲˣ˼һûʼأֻôˡ
ѦЦôᣬ㣬ҵĺͬѧѼƣһԾͿʼԺķչ
ˣɼȴûĿȸԾƽľڿһԼ޹صϷ
Ѧ忴ȻûڴҲûзУ˿һֱ˻кøУֻûͱǲ㴰ֱֽǶԵģҲϲġ
ֱӴӿڴͳһɫСӣƣϲܾˣʱǶѧδ̫಻ȷԣһֱûףҵδѶҾԼʸˣƣҰ㣬޸Һ𣿡
ƿޱȵı飬ͻȻˣҲѦ岢ûôһ˻ţֻΪδδһֱδδǲԶأǰԼǾԼֻǸʵĽ
֮ǰΪԼȲĽӹǸСӣѾµĽָԼϣֻʣһְֱ㻹һֱ𣿡
Ѧ޽ǵҷҴ󣬿µüۣʧЦʲôɵ⣬һһֱ㣬ʲôҪΪǹͬδǰԺǻ飬кӣ˵ҪʮСʱսʱôչ˺ӣ밢̣ɺȱĸȱʧġ
˵ʱƸҪЩ֪֮ˡ
Ѧѽָó֣ϣƣȶ飬һ飬һʱ͵ʱ ʲôʲôȻϲԱְҵǾһιɣһʹְǽòá
͵óԼ֣ʱ䣿񫣿㵱Ҽ㵱ȥΪ˱˵ļлȥӲΪ˵Ӣ۸Ϊ˹񫣬ȥġҼÿһÿһ붼Լʱ䣬Ҫʱ䡣
˵תߣѦû뵽ͻȻס֣ƣǸʲô˵ˣҲûҪôղĽĵЩԲ˵˵Լ˭֪Σٵҵһֱƽ£ɼô٣϶Ӱ쵽ǵ
תûһ˿ů⣬û飬Ӱ쵽
ƣѦסֲϷţ͡
ƺԼⱲѡְҵߵˣϱûǳֵĻѦ˳Ҳһá
ֻûһƲؾ͸˵ʱ䣬Ҳϱ̫֮˳û£Ҳ̸ͨʱҲûһìܣ˳ߵǰ
̾ô˵Ҳǰ˵ưˣѦ壬ղЩҺ㲻ԼŮԱĿ⣬ҳȫ㣬͵ղû飬ҲûԷŹòã
ƣҽ͡
ûʲôɽ͵ģѾһֵ罻ٲſĻӲˡ
Ѧ忴䣬ȻŭˣҲپĺϲ
¥ʱ˵ƣٺú룬ҲᷴʡԼϵ𣿡
˵㱻һֵ罻ˣҲ˵Ǽٺ٣ҵʱܱҲΪ˷ʱȥ룬ϵǳˣҾû˵ùˣѦ壬ټ
˵¥һȥͼĽĵڴ弾ЦЦģӴ˰ɣҶ˵ԱҶ󡣡
ȼ˵Աɳһվ߹ƣôôҵˡ
һ㶣Īһֱ
Īߵ˽ǰĽģλͬѧ
Ĵε֮ͬֻһĽľеƲ˭ǡ
ˣ־̫죬ĽĴĪۣʱѹ˷ŭϼŵܣ
ʲôܲܵģǰֻĽߡ
Ī˵óŰżƣһƤһʲôëĽߣ
ʱѦҲ¥ˣƼȻѾ˶ֵ罻仰˵ǾˣȻøǾɣʲôϵ
Ī½ǣ߰ɣֻͬѧǲͬѧ
˵ȳɺͤĪæϡ
Ѧ忴ĪĳһɣĽģ˭Ƶ𣿡
˵ƵĽߡ


 23 

ʵҲĽе, ʲôĽߣʲôĽİ
Ī֪ʲô, ˵ҲĽ˵ʲô׷ߣĽ, һ㲻⣬ֱӾܾ, һϷû
Ҳ˵ʲô, 뵱ʱҲ˼ֻΪ˸Χѡ
ܰĪһ, ˵ʲôֲ֪ôڣղǸŮ˵Ʊ, ȻѲں߸
ѵƸ, ܾˣ
Ī˲ŭ, Ϲ𣿼ܸף˱ĸ, Ȼܾˣƣ
ĪǸ, 밲ο, СŮƤ, ˼ð컹˵ƣͬѧۻҲûʲôİɣʵһֱȥϵϲˣϵľͬѧۻϼ˴кѼ䣬Ҳûʲô˼
£ͬѧۻ, ҲöĪţлл㣬ȹӶǮ뻯ױʦǮתɡ
ĪЦ˵òŵģǶлĺòá
⻰еղ˵ĽߣҲϴαˣ֮ͶԱְҵ˺øУŰİɡ
ҸģҪʸл
ĪɴװӣüľˣǮҵʲôˣ
ôеϲŭ޳ӣֻ˵ǸԷɡ
ðĪпϲܺãѾԼԷˡ
ɫ̫ãҲû˵ֱӰͻӡ
ʯؽӵƽϢ˿Ϊһֻܼ֪շ˸Ϣ绰û򣬸û˵һֱûӰˡ
ʯǸһֱ֪Ѿͷ̫ɢҲ̫˰ɣкˮû£ҲˣֲкͲӰûе֯ˡ
ҴֳʯҲû֯ѵ۵ùǺϢһɡ
ڰ칫żƣʲôʱʱŴſڼ￴ƴĪʯǸ
֪ĪڶΪʲôż찡ƾѾ˼Һסˣ߸˧˿ɵ
ɾ̸ˣҲȥԼɣأˣȹӣͷҲģʯؿǸӰ߽ĻѾӿɤˣǲ֪ν
绰ٻϵ칫ԥƬ̻Ƿ£һλᣬϴǾ㣬㣬ȻĻ§סˡ
ʯؾԼѾǺܿ˾ˣ˻ûŴ绰̧ͷʱĻǸкܳȥӰըˡ
ֻ·ȥܲˣĿܲеס
µûţĽЩȫƨȥѦ嵽ǲͬġ
Ȼʱ˵øɾ䣬ɱϾϱӲˣ˵¾ͷ£ԼʱȸԾͱԼ̫뵱ȻˣΪܰչ
ΪжѦ岻ְҵı仯³˰ɡ
ȥɽϿ䣬֮ܲԼɢɢģϽ߳
˭֪һžֿĪĳô
ĪֻٻؼңڿҪҪɺͤﵽ׷ʲô˭֪ôֳˡ
ĪҪ³ͼƳ߹ǵһ߹Ī˷̫ˣԼƻʮȷĻ϶վˡ
˭뵽ߵǰĪſڳ̣֣ڵһʱ𣿡
ûܣĪǿģæֲ̣ǼվҲвܳ涨𣿡
ʵûеģĶԱҲкֻܶҪڳѵʱû⣬켾鲻̫ã֪кֶܶͷɵģȻϲ˳̡
û涨ֻǽңҺܸл㣬һ£к
ĪԼһ֣ܺãʼˡ
ѾüΪʲôʱҪôشˣ˭뵽Ƹû˵תͳɽˡ
ĪɫȻ磬̫ûɽ鲻ãһܵɽȥ᲻ʲô£
ûԥֱ
Ķü𣿡
ܲ
ʮϵƤЬȷ
ȷĪ˵ն
εȥɣû¡ˣû˦ΪǸûпʼҾȥһȦûѵ
˵ĪӦֱӼ˦
úܼ򵥣ֻҪ˦Ȼͻȥˡ
Ī˰ǸѦ壬ȴʼĻᶼûУһ͸˰ɡ
ʱԲһ˴š
һܵɽŽҪƽߵ̫Ȼʣ̫һͷʱһֶµˣɵĲȥµĲǰ滹дǰ;˧磬ûҪΪһֵõġ
Ȼи˧ƣá
ƼֱǷˣƤЬܵɽҲţʱҪ²ͼǾɵˡ
˼ʲôҲû˵أȾܾ
ƿͷǺĪö˶ԱһʱһְˣԼһһһֱȥֱɲˣҲһΪרңŷо豸¡
ĪûͷûԵĻһ£Ȼ˲׹Ц˵ȫ⡣
ҾúܺðܶշתҲҲԼϲĹһ߱ԹһԼĹȵ˲źûԣȷԼϲʲôȻһǰȥŬǺҸһ¡
û뵽ôش𣬲ؿһۣ˵ʲôĪָָգ꣬ʱҪ£ʱҪ˼
ǼƸĪվɽ̫ɽȷʵ˵ƽ
ɽʱƿӵķǱߵƻͨӵĶӳˣһϲӴͳǰ裬һӶӲϣԼҲܳȻ졣
ƵĶһʦ˵Ҫֵ㣬øϽȥҪȻҪЩˡ
ĪҲһǱţ˵ϲ
ĪЦҲϲ
Ļ䣬ʩƣָ·һ
뵽Ͷʣ־ԼղˣĪôϲأż档
ϲӦӰɣкܶ˱ӾȹͻԱŨҵĸ飬űʾһ£ĪҲ˰ɡ
̾ɲˣѦûôֻǰʵĽȻڻҲǹЦˡĴٷ
Īû뵽ǸѦѾ˲СѶȣѼͻӣس˸绰Ͻҡ
Ǳ߸һͷˮϰҪ˽ӵģǺȶˣ԰ȾƵġ
Ī˵绰ѵİѽ϶ƵƤƤЬŵݣ̾׷ѽŰ


 24 

ƻضӺ, ֱʳã˭֪յͽӵʯصٻ, ϵ칫ȥ
ǳԷʱ, 㰡
ư̾ţη˸, 㡣
ʱʯذ칫, յžЦӳ, СҰ㡣
ʯأ
ζܸоʯѾŭˣЦܳ, ¥ļ, , ʲôʱˣ㻹ء
ôˣһ±, ʲôʱҪ, û֪ͨ
λΪװɵ, ˵ӳں, รɡ
üѵΪԼûɢȺֱˮˣɵʱǲǽ𣬵㱨С쳵һûӰ
ʯذ칫Žȥʯؿ޹ı, ƣ㳭дˣΪʲôһЧûУ֪ӣȥĶˣ
ƾͦԩҽ˰
н㲻Լ𣿡
û˵ٰҾȥæģʱҸǳ˵ˣȻλǱ߾ԮӵĶӳ˵ߵԱͽҽԺˣɣҵȻݼٰҲǳ򱨸ˡ
ʯüͦܽƱ磬ʲôȥæƣϳǳ㲻𣿼Ȼǳ񣬾ҪܽɢǱշ˼֣Ǳ滹֪ͨ
ƾñˣҲӲˣһ٣
ʯرЦˣãȲ˵£ʱΪʲôΧ˴кȥ

ȥǰһ𣿡
Ҷ˵ûü
־Ԯ³ç֪һҲרҵľԮԱˮаȥײΣһʱӦû㱨Сˣ֪ͨǰ߹բҲϣǡ
û뵽һͰԽԽίʲôҲѾǾҲû£ӳҪ𣿡
ʯطô͸ͨأҪ´λƵǲǻ᲻ܲ˵ȥ
ǱĶԱҿ϶ȴкȥ
ʯ֪ƽˣûܾòģϣԼͶԱܾȳˣҲĶԱǶƽǽңΪֲרҵкܴӪʧܣôС
üһ㣬һֱʯͷٰʮ飬һһ֣һһӵй涨ˣ⡣
Ҫ
ͻȻ;رί챻ĽĳѦ֣ûޣһֱӿǾί
ʯ˵ӻ֣ͷ˵ˣȥԷɡ
ӳҾƫ
ʯؿûУҶκ˶¾͵ܳͷ
Ϊʲôֻһ˳
ϴβ㳭𣿡
ǴҲΪԼĴҵƫҵʱʲôŮȷʵǴӳУʶʾҪҡҲʱˣϿܻᱻߣǶǰ߾ԮҾȥǣܷЩҲȥѽբסҲΪײˮҸȥȻʮİա
ʯ˵дʣ޲ðѣµľʮİա
ƴĻҾˣлҲûϵӣǷҵġֻϣƽֻϣ´Ҳ˼ʱĸϵˣܵõϿһĵģأûϿɹңٺҲûеõһ϶ⲻǶƫʲô
ʯüϿɣûŰ߳ﻹϿÿѵǳ񶼸С컨
ƻûأһֱֹۣԴ
ҽкҪҪȥϾϳˣ˵طȴҸһɢȺҲԱֻǸӵɢ񣬻ˣˮôԶֻסȥûкûйӡһ͸ҳҳ
ſʯͷŷĬĬˣƱӳ˾Ȼȥǵ찡˲ãɲȥڻҡ
＾Խ˵ԽίǿŵҲƲסؿһ߿޻һ˵˵ĳͷܣҵĳͷǳΪŮ𣿶ӳŮԣ۸ˣϡأôǴģǸºţеĻмţϢʱüȭ㶼ܣյý˵͸Ҵ֣Ǿɵҷֲ˸˵ʱܰ˼߹ն𣿡
ʯһͷôˣԺ󲻹ѵ񶼸ϣҲܿܶʱбμ¶ͷ
ʯʵǺܸߵģΪҪҲܸߣѵϸҪ󣬸ıɢ̬ȣʱܱ֤ȫ
û뵽Щӡ
ֻƵн£Ѿˣһ٣һ¾һ٣Ҷûȥ裬軹أϸ˵ҶûȥΪ֪᲻Ҫҡ
ƿ޵е״ˣȻԼҲˣ˦˦֣ߣ˵Ҷûȥ裬ΪҪȥĵطҪĺҪȻڲҪˡˣҶˣȥ㶼ûһ䣬֪ǱҲѾԮߵģΪкҪ£ҲոкˣҸʱ˵ҪкˣҪҪҳ𣿴ӳҰϣҳﲻˣѵлǾԮʱϺˣƾʲôôң
ʯؿ޵ģ־ȣĲŮԣĲҪŮԱ⶯Ϳ޵滨ô°
ûȷʵˣȻѾӣӿ϶Ҫкⲻ˵һ˾еģ㶼Ѿһˣû˵أȥݼˡ
˵ǴкҲֻ˵һ֪׺ڵʱжš
ȻԼû˵ԼСѧأ
ʯ̾ϵֽеݸлú˵ʲôޣ֪ĻΪжίء
ץһֽڱϣûᣬӣ˵ţҾί費ңͬѧң󡭡ѲңһˣҲһֱںúùһֱңܲί𣿡
ʯؼһֱޣɿЦûˣˣҸǸòãˣһҪ㣬ɵĲһһСܾ׶༪ˣͷҲǵϰ嶯ΪԺƵֳ嶯ȥԱҲ򲻵ǲģҶͷĿģиõİ취Ҫ뵽õİ취˵㣬ȫûе£ֻһˣ˼ϻǸѵҿ϶㰡


 25 

ƻڿ, ʯε޶ãȻɾûˡ
£ô֪Ժ㣿
ֻǻ۵̫, һ, ȫӿʱʯصǸ, ҲͲ۾, ûޣҲǶͿޱӵˣǶӳ̫ƽ, ѾԲΥ, Υһ嶯˲, ֪ԼԾ, ȴۿǸСˮߣһԱ𣿡
ʯؼ, ֻõû˵, ֻǸ, һ㱨, Բܵж
ɽ졭
˵ûԺ󡭡
û㻹ҪңƸˣӳ˭ҲԤ´ʲôԸԺһҪ㱨ж㲻Ϊεĳ嶯ͿʼԺ, Ȼûͷҡϴ¸㱨Ҿôģ˵ˣ´㱨ֱ㱨нһ㱨˾ô죿ǶʱûԼжʸ񣿡
ʯü棬֪ʹأЩжﶼдҪ𣿡
԰ҾжģжҳʮˣҾҵжȫжˮʱǽֻһڣû㱨ʱҸǳ㱨ˣΨһǸո㱨ʱ̬ȣӳ˵Ķԣֱ֪ͨģӦɲӣȵĴ𸴺뿪
ʯؼԼûͦ͸ﰵ룬û׳
һͨޣ治ٷˡ
ãȻĴԼ˵˵ôͷ㣿
ֻҪԴôͷС
ʯسͷĶԱվˣܣףԳ֮ģʱüȷʲôͷУɱ˵ֿޱӡ
е壬ղûסԺ󲻻ᱻӳɰްɡ
ӳҶ˵ˣղǸ⣬Ҳ޵ġ
ʯ뵽ղŻ裬ѣͬѧҲµԭ
ãǵ극ȥ¥վСʱ˰ɡ
û뵽Ȼô򵥣ֻվСʱӦʮã
ǰʯΪʲôô϶Լܰ˾
Ʋؿһۣӳʱңվȷ֪ˮ±ҶھˣûʱȱľԮȥ𣿡
ʯسĬˣȻȥ
ȥǰῼԼİΣ𣿡
Ȼᣡ
ʯûлش𣬼Ҳûеشתˡ
ûȥԷֱȥ˻¥Ѿ֪˻¥ĿǶʯ¥վ˿϶ֻǵվô򵥡
򿪿أڻЧߵмվ˾ˣ¶ߣһʹ졣
ʯվڴǰŻĻ¥̾˿ҳʱĵҵ˼һֻĸһУǵ׼ͥ
ƴ˷㣬ʱСĸһ棬弦һС֪㷹ԡ
СģֱҵľǣҸ˵Եʳպأô֪ûԷ
˭֪㱻ʯˣûȥʳá
ʲôҶ֪ˣеΣҲ̫˰ɡ
ʵ治Ǳ޵ģеһֻʯҵһйĵѣʯȷʵ̫ˡ
СļãҲͷģˮ˵˵ģ˵㱻ʯʹ飬޵صġ
ô֪ģʯؿ϶˵͵
ȥ¥ٻҲһСʱʱ䣬ȻҶ֪ˣû뵽Ȼִԣ
̾ʵ治Ǳ޵ġ
ˣʯֲ
Ŷǰ˱޹𣿡
ûˣŮƤЩںӣôôû¡
ƣ
Ǳ޵ģȻ˿϶Ϊ̫䰤㷣Ȼˡ
ôͣ
ʯȷʵǰȥģղҲȷʵǰˣϵģ¥һӶ֪ˣùסģôĶˡ
ˮ˼棬ִȻʼ̾㡣
СľЦˣû°
Ҳûȥ͸¥ſڳ̵Ĺ˵İɣû¡
̾Ҹӳ˵ٵ£ǵȻ˵ⲻ
ξ˵ֲ㣬֪ͨأһҲԩ
潨ȴ˵һҪ˵СѾͷţҪȥû֤˾
ǿ󲻳̣ŹӣãȻĻΣˣ˵÷
СĹӴӣ÷ʲôҾͿӢ¾ˣʯӶдξԮķʡأҪƷСȼСԼ˵ǳƮˣĶȥ
бһۣ㶮ʲôûҲ÷ȻӢˣԽԽϰһģ˾Ȳٴȥڲڡ
СѧѹƤ¶Ǻǣʱ֪˵Ӣ岻ˣϴ˭Ϊ˾¥թƭɿȫġ
ǲһֱӲ
ǺǣǸթƭˣŲŲȥģӲ𣿷ҪܣʯӵӢ¼Ҷ˵ˣӢۣҪӢ壬˫ĲС
ͷģ
ҸվӣһԱʲôϵС˵꣬Źˡ
ƿɲ֪ڹ극ֱӰѦˣҪûн£ǿͨͬѧѣûҪϵôҲıԼȥޣɴڽɡ
ȻְѰ༶ȺˣĽȺQҲӰ첻Ժʲô£ӿ϶˵ҵˣʲô¡
ֻյһţĪ˼ϵʽʲôʱԷ
ҪǵλʳõĻͿԡ
ʳøʣĪһʳã̫ƵԶٷˣʳôˣֻһҲĲ˽˵Ļ⣬ҪΧۡ
ȥӣĪԼɴĽţ̾һʱֻۣû뵽ôأһܹȳġ
ĪԼʲôʲ𣬷Ҫϵʽˡ
ϵʽҲûⰡֻһ⣬һʱûסˡ
ԥô룬Ǳַˣôæôʳóأ´ݼʱɡ
Ī˿ûãϻصã´ݼ١
Ʒֻʱ裬ȦɨۣȻͷ
̷ǽ켾ƽܲɷõƵͼ֡Ůġ
ۿһȣԭˣһ֧


 26 

ڶ, ٣ͽסʯ, Сʯ, ֪ҪϸΪǺãʱҲҪעⷽʽ, ܶ, ñʱҪ
ʯ̾Ѳɼȥӳ״ˣ
˵һѣעʽ, Ҫºһ㣬ٰˡ
˴ӳ칫, С, СľȻбһ, û˵ͲԭС鰡, ѵҲΪ˼ƣ
ʯؼֱ
ʳ, ƴʱ, ʦ, СߣҸ˺ö
ȻǸ㣬ʦͦʣȺġ
ʦŵû, ģعһȸŴζȥɡ
ϵģ㣬ҲʢȴллʦϾ͵һء
ʯعʱʦĳ˵ʯӳɵøĸƢǰǶﶼǴСӣ߾ߣ˼СһС㶯ޣǲеˣô֪ˣѹҲ󡣡
ʯأ
Ҳ⻰˭ȥģӳ
ⲻص㣬صʲôжޣһһһǱ޵ģ˭֪ǳѾͷʲôίǶй
һĶˡ
ʯûʦ˵Щεظӳǵרߣ·ʱͼŸеء
ղܲʱʯû⣬ʱſ۾ţǿûָӣⶼһˣͿôôôأ
ʯؾԼڹˣȻЩơ
ϷԼˣϸ˸绰Ȼֿһ˯ˣҲû۾ڶȻ
Ҳû⣬ڶҲȥ׾װɡ
Ȼϰһô壬ȷʵˣԵʦʶ壬ζˣԵ񫣬ʯһɨһһϡ
ӳʯصļ磬˵ˣôר˼Сȥ˼Ǵ۶޳ˣҲ̫˰ɣ컹
Сŵģ㶼ˡ
ʯأ
⻹˵ˡ
һĹҲȰʲôӳҲΪãŵġ
ţ治ŵģҲǱ޵ģˣͲ壬ôɡ
ʱϲţȻмƵĲɷãǶĲɷãѾΣգŻ˵лĻʱģҡͷҾͼǵŶˣҾھȻˣллҽллԱǺ°治ÿֳԭǿȥˣ˭뵽ͷһŮ棬͵˽ҪǸŮԱҿɾͰŮˡ
СŮûʲô£ܵ˾ţʱҲöˣڼߵ˵žŰ׹⣬ΧһѶиȪ
һ군⺢ӿĿռˣ
߻ΪЩСŮ룬˵μһֵĵط𣿡
μСҸ̴ȳġ
СŮİ軹ҽЦ˵ǰԱС̾ȳġ
߾˵Сõʱһιȥˣ˵ڱʱῴ
СŮİְֲˣʲôҺӺأְִϼߵĻСѾͷϹ˵أʲô׹⣬Ȫģḻ˼ġʵǳлԱС㣬Ҫû治ʲôԺȫһҪȥл
ٴ׷ãҵľжĵ㣬Ҷⷽ˵ҲûĻϣûСŮİɫռȪ
˿ûã龪һҲԺҪԲܱ¶пռܵ£ɲ뱻ץȥС
潨˵ʵǼ˵öԣϴϢʱĿ˰׹⡣
˵ʲô׹⣬۾һθ֪ɵģô˵Ҳˣ˼ߺӾԭ򡣻׹⣬ȪǾС̫˺˼밲οԼأҪãô˵ɺϼݺΰ
Ƶͷʾͬû϶Сġ˵ҲûбιȥΪײڱˮʱ̣ܶûˮ
˵⻰Ǹ߰СŮָսٺû˻ᵱ棬ۼҲ͹ȥˣȴųһ亹Ժٴ˽ռˡ
ֹ죬Сһ˻ˣ˲οƷƲϰֱֿлĳ棬ɴСһѧϰǼ˽ʯء
СżƵ֣С㣬ûǵһа׹ĵطȥ𣿿Ҽǵúһֿͷ
û뵽أֻõʲôа׹ĵطιȥΰɣˮ°Ǿȳģˮѹȷʵ˲þ㲻ǵ˿ŰǴӳͱˮˣһֱһûϰҿ˸˾ȦŰǾˡ
СŮͷԭðɣ´αңҾô˵ȻҼǵòġ
㣿˭ˣƾ
СŮüöҰǶ˵Ҹôġ
ʱƾ͸˵ԺúӽձȵľСӳܱһһ飬Ҫʱľգһû˶ûô˵һεµͯռǣúܾʺܴ̼϶Ӱ쵽İȫʶá
ʵҲе㷳ˣǼߣȻߴð˴ַ̣ھӣѧУʦͬѧһĶҪʣԽԽܱһȺ˿Ȼе㽾أÿν˵ġ
СŮİ˼ƵĻΪǣٴεлһˣʯؾͰѼƽе˰칫ҡ
Ʋ˵˵ʯӣû֪ͣҵıְԺ󲻹ܱ˸лҶͣһ̤ʵصĺúù
ʯεؿһۣ˭˵ˣǴ˵𣿡
֣ǣǣⲻǱ
ʯصһۣɱˣΪİȫһ٣ҵ˲۸СŮıӴӳʳʦȫ漾˵еȰҪºͣĶ˵ȥ
¸䣬жӵѡ󣬼ǵȥСѱˣʱѵʱԲøӣרѵĿ
䣬ʲôñȵģļҾ˶಻ˣƶֱһȤûС
ӳҿԲμ𣿡
Ϊʲôμӣ
˷ʱ䡣
ʯǸ˷ʱ䣿ƣôģȥȻͲ˷ʱ˶԰ɣŻأ
ûУôֲܰݻ𷸡
ҵϣֻֻҪѵʲô񶼲ó̫ƽûԱá
˵˵ʯˣ뻹סˣӳյ㣬ⲻܾģϽȥ


 27 

ƿЦ, 治μӣ, ѵ͸ҷֿˡ
ж, ÿжˣһרѵ, ˵ֺõ, ȥμӹʱ
ܺã֪ģλȥ, ҴŵģǴӵСûôС, Ϊǿż㡣
˵̾, Ǻǰ, ǼռȫԲ, ʯӳǲھļӡʯӳμ, ǴҲͱĶӱȥ, ҿָ, ӳ䰲ǻ˿Ƕǲǿ֮ĩ
ӳΪ񣬱䲻ǶѵٽŽôǿʤء
屻, Ѿͷͻ˵죬ѾǰֱȥСġ
ӳְȨвϵͳɸտϵͶ
Цȥѵ
֪ڿЦҲЦжҪ
Ҫѡμб䣬ƱֱӷˮɴȥμӰɣҲ˶ʱ䡣
ȻˣҲһֱΣգҲһֱȰϣԼȥμֻżѣƽʱǸ¼ͨѶμӸֻܷ˰ɡ
ôһ˵̻ˣȻ֪ʯصĹͣӳȻİ裬ʮֿģѵҲ
ȵĪźʱּƾȻûѵϣͣأǶûȥĶ
ȥתһȦͱһסԲʩڣ칫ҵ绰ӳڡ
ͷһα˳ʩܿһľԻе㲻жĥɱ¿ػˣ¥أʽͶȥˣԼӽʩˡ
Ҳְ֪ҵ⣬ȷʵ˽ȥιϹתֻš
ԽǼԽĪ֪ǻûϢʱ䣬ҲҴţɴָƶ˲ʳϴμĸӦѾ˰ɡ
ƸǱѵʳýһѵһʳòʱʦڳʲôˣǼԶԶģյ㣬ưѼ˷ŵϣƿˮţʱŸϵ
Ҳƿˮһ˵ƣҾѵǴҲȥˣԼУùھ
ҲôģҪӳ˵˵ǱҲˣʱȥС
仹Nɪˡ˵ôģСôء
ΪҰԷҪܳô࣬һҲôҪԡ
ÿγԷҪƳĲ̣ԵĶ࣬ҵ˷Ļᡣ
ſǷղŰүǶֲòš
УԺҸԣԶҳԶ٣ʲôҳʲô
һ߼¼ӳһۣѡҲ̣ͣÿʲͬ˼ҳԵöܵÿ죬ҲԸƣżǷԣ˰Сʱѵû͵ýҽԺ
ԷʱڼԱߣʲôҲʲôƾǿЦʱ˲ˣˣһҪʣ·ʦ϶ġ
ѹüˣ컹ԣܲܶԵգû£Ե꣬ƽʱ˰˳ɱԵĻ㷹ࡣ
аɣԾԣҲûˡ
μƽϾҲǺЦɴóʱкСĹģθԲ㲻Ƿûϴ𣿿ġ
ƳԵУ̬ţͷһ뻹УʣһʵѾԲˣɴ˵ȥˣλڼʱأҲֻǿš
ٰθڳԻٳԼģִùӣɱܣθ죬ȫȥҲһ
Լӣᶨ˳ľġ
ֻ˵һҪ³ô죿
䣬һӵġ
ڰѰӳ꣬Ŵҳ˳ȥ·˵ƣҲ̫ѻˣԷʱ˵ǳʶ⡣
ǸǼʱǸ͵ģԼûԶأܱͷ
ϼͨѶԱ֪ǻ֣¥
һжӵһһƣס죬¡
ֻ˱ܡ
õѻ죬ϢʱģԶϢһҲûˣһ˵ˡ
ܿ쵽˵ط³ʱƣǸС
ҲˣȻŰèסǸСĿ϶¥ϧˡ
˭ϵŰèУ
Ҫ¥ǽٳʡ
룬ԼжȫȷģһǸǱɱ˷
Ƭӭʯ˵ҶŵǸκףһֱҲû쳣첻֪ô£һСѧ¥̨
СȱľǴү裬Χ۵˲٣ƬȰǣɴ˾ߡ
Ƹ¥¸
Ӹʯؼ򵥽һʯؾʹһ¥׼Ū
ƾԱһ˵СҲ֪ô£һѧⶰ¥ſڣʱ򻹻ᷭ䣬ⲻͱ̬ץס𣿡
һΧ۵ľʣΪʲôץӰ䷭ˣ
˭֪أκرɫһˣ˭֪ôģСù£ʮԶأ˭֪κôץȥˣ
ӰɣԼ¥ֺ£ġ
ҿ񡣡
ǰɣҸղ¥ϾͿˣ̨ϲ֪ڳʲôӦоס
ʱСļҳҲˣһ⻰ͼˣ˵ʲôأССѧ꼶̬ʲôס
Χ۵Ҳ˵ʲôˣ׷Ȱοǣˣİɣ϶µġ
˾Ǹ̬ŹֵĺܣԵ޹ʵĶ˿Ҿס¥ϣһסɼﳣ죬ˡ
ʱСʲôè϶ΪèҼС˵èӹ˵һźܶ󹷸è˵ûŴ󹷣϶ġ
Сѧ꼶֪Űèмкܶè
հѾŪõļЩһܵĲǸһʼ绰Сѧɡ
¥֣Ѿϵȫ׼Ӷ¥ȥ̨ҲѾźˣȷͨͨҪʼһж̨˳ºǸŮģ
ǸŮԱ
ֳΨһһŮԱ̧ͷŰèһ§Сһֳָԣ㣬ֻһȻϰȥ


 28 

֪Űèв, û뵽¥϶ܿ
֮ǰ£ü, , Ҹȥ
ãո, 㸺¥°, ϱʯء
ֻһȥ
û뵽ԽԽӣִ绰˴ؾǱߣʵӦؾ, һʼк̨϶±߸Űèо¥ȥ, , һΪ¥, ֪ǽٳʡ
̨ڣ, ʯصһ, ֪µΣ˰ɡ
ƲΪȻ, ҲǱ, ˾Ǹ
ȥע
¥ߣ̨Ǳ߹ȥ㣬£̫ȰĻ˻ؾ
ƵͷŰèֻŻˣĸҴ¥ȥ
￴˿, ŰèеСĲӣûôнŵ͸СˣСôʮĺӦòжɣɴеĺⶼתƵԼϡ
Ҫң̨ŰèС
Űèһˣսк̨˼վǶȻҾͰȥˡ
εãҾվȥģʲô
ʯһȰ֪ʲôȰ𣿾Ȼʲôôӵһἤŭ
˭뵽ŰèкǺϷƬǶ̨û뵽Աǵۡ
ƾЦ𼱰¥ºöྯء㲻˵Ļټһؾˣ϶Ƭࡣ
죬ұ죡
ƸΣҽұ죬ʲô
ǽ㲻ҪЦ
ҪЦ˵Ǳ죿״̬ȷʵ̫á
ãҲЦҸղҲЦ㰡ЦƬ̨
ЦҡŰèдӿ㶵óһѵָżƣȻСϱȻ£ҲЦңǶЦҡ
ƿǰѵӲϱȻʱ˺üģƴסԼǸӣôЦ㣬ɣȷȥʲô¸̸
ƾʲôҪһδܵҼ͵è͵СֽŻңǸСħ
üȷ͵èèߵ𣿡
ǼС˼ֻһʼ˭֪ҵڶǼֻǶװ˼ץסС͵
ƿСǾɫĿӵʪģǱ
ССѧ꼶ôС͵߿϶ᡣ
ŰèսСʹ˻Σ˵ǲ͵ģ
СۼƣǴıеõͻȻ̣è͵ģԭġ
ƿ˾Լģɴԭʱ䡣
ʣʲôԭ򣿡
Ϊҷһֻè±˷ֻúɫϴšǸͰ񵽹è߹ʱܻ࿴һۣҿӻᶯĺɫˣóһǿèкö˿ڵĿè
̾ǶϰİΪʲôǴ绰
СίƲƲ죬ΪϴҴ绰ӣСҵҵң˵ԺҪǣҪҴӵĵ绰鷳Ҿèȥˣҷè˵ᴦһֿܺèˣҾܶһһֻʼèǹ˾µġҼµģְɱˣʹӴҰèˡ
һһֻκף˭أ
κõָ˵ء
û뵽ϴε¾ȻԼĵһĿꡣ
ɱң°Ȼè㻹ǲǸˣھվѾôˣɡ
κȴ§Сһ
ƾ֪ûϵôҿ֣õȻˣȻɣҰСƺ˵ǰ㣬ſСסҵĲӣȻԿܲɱҡ
źʯ޲ϳȥ
ֻȥȰʱ䣬û˵ʣѾͷǵΪ
Űè󣬿ѾˣֽţǰҲȹ¥ģٳʵĻûһֶ̾ؾϣҲû˽Ӱ
ŵĸҪԾ̨İǽ¥˺˾䣬Сĵ㣬е
ƣ¥¥еԱﶼһԲۣ˳һ꣡
ΧȺڿסˣ˭뵽¥ϿֵͻȻôһ䣬˭أλŰèеȺԵװɣôѵôʱ
ȻŰèͷһˣæѵСĲϣȥȥȻҾɱ
ȻǰѵǿУĵط˭Ҳġ
翴ۼƣƸʹɫʹƹŰèд̨ȥ
˭֪ŰèֻɵĵгСĲӣߣĶĴĶȥ
εĸƶһۣԭ·ˣϵؾɣǸרҵ
òȥԱΪԼҪȥ¥ϵĹŷԼʲôֺԲסҡ
Ʊ죬˭뵽¥¿ֵı죬ɣ
ﵹæ
˼ԱòȥǶߵİ
²Ǳ̬ݰɡ
СųϺҼСҪ£һҵȥ
žһ˹˴λ־ԼֶίǺİǿ̫ͶˣûӣһԱ֪Էеӻ˻ẦСˡ
ʱˣؾԲžģƲ֪·ϻѾڲ
ڣе㼱ΪŰèеɫѿҲˡ
ټˡ
侲㣬ҶֻС˭˺㡣
ʯͨɣŶ԰ôȰӾͿԡ
Űèҧǽұ̬
Ϊǲ֪ʲô£ֻ֪С̨ܵˣǿ϶ΪǻˣŽ̬
ոǸԱĳ֣ȻûãȴСԽԽ󡣳˶Ա̣طһҲأǿ϶ġ
ֻС˵̣Ǳ̬ĥèɱǣղƭҰ̨ϣ˵Ҫˤȥ˵ʣĹ̶ӣȻžһһˤڵ֭Ľ
С£㿪Цء
ǿЦȥŵöˡС˵ίĿ
΢̾ǸӰ˼ɴһһ̣ô𣿽ҽ㣡
С£׶ʱˣԱΪʲôҪƺһɻ󣬡㣿
ŶҸ˵С
Űèһƣʱ䡣


 29 

ƿŰè, Ҳʱ䣬ʲôС¥ȥɱèɱȷʵ, ɱ, ֪֪Χ¥жǹڶء
ŰèбһţͷĴ, ƿʱ̫, һûסȥסõĸ첲ֻһ, ŰèоͲҽһһڵϡ
С, ܡ
סŰèи첲, ӲС֮, ǺһûӦɵ㶵վ, ʯʱ, С
һˤŰèˤ˵, ϥǶסŰèеļ, 㱾£èɱɱ𣿡
ʯصһۣٴ̼ŰèС
ҲŻɸղвˣһɱ, 治̡
˭뵽˵꣬ŰèоȻصĿƶˣҪ˾ͺɣʲô°˾Ϳޣ
ʯһľ죬ŰèС
վһߣŰèбһ˲ͻȻ̨߳˹ȥ
һ
ʲô
վס
̫ˣŸľڵһֱȥ
һ˹ȥסĸ첲Űèг̫ͣѾ̨ˣ첲һסʹС
¥ոǰƺλãĵĳϿš
ĸ첲ȴûеһʱҲһֱʱĿ־塣
Űèнȥ
ŰèиղģҲġ
ţ׹ϱղ˵ɱˣŰèĺܺͻȻɿ֡
ʵʱֻ֣ܵˣֻ¥滹õġ
Űèв֪֪Ҳ£ԼղŲֻӱܣӱܳͷӱܱ˵۹⣬ʱżƣҴˣĴˣԲ𣡡
仰ɴʯظҲѾҪˡ
ʯû뵽Ӧô죬οǵģղǸƲûȥ
ŰèбʱҲŷ֣Ҳˣ⻹ǱӦˬ
ŰèбߣСС˵㣬èȷʵ͵ģһֽ˵ĻҾ͸ȫСǻˣǱ̬ǲҲ˷
ƿ⺢ӣ̾ǺõģɵҲ̫ˣŰè˵Сöѱ󵨣첻ͲС¥𣬻û¡
͵èȷʵǲԵģܵ˼ﻹֽԣ㻹С³Ҫף㿴¶߾壬ȻҲȫ˵£㲻µġ
Ҳΰɡ
ƿĵ񣬲Цİɣ㣬϶Ϊ°ץ
С˿˼ͻԾ㣬ΪʲôҪ㣬Ҫоأ
ʯһúЦ⺢ӵ˼άҲ̫˰ɣվͿʼûߵ⡣
ҲЦʮֿģΪഺפܸ˰ȫУҪ塣
С˹ס㣬Ҳܸ˰ȫС
ļ磬Ҳϣġ
¥ʱСе㲻˼С˼ΧϣȻǸСѧɶҲĵģ˿ʲô̫ˡ
ŰèץС̨ŻΪССֽ˵ҪǱ̬
ղ¥ҲǾԼ˶ˣɱʧˣ׵ıƽе
֮ŲΪ˵ͬȴֲκ˿ʱ˿ӣСڵԼȴûУ뵽ȥʱҶῴŵ˿ӣ
ľ˵ܲҲҸף
Ǿ춼ˣղһֱǺӱȥеֵѺӸˣò׿סˣָһǣ¥һģǶľս޲øƣֻǰʲôҲҪף
ҪǷ˻ûأסǿԵģֳץУҪߣΰɡ
û˴ŰèеŰèпƣ밧ǸѰˣһƨ¥ҲȥҲȥûȥǸ·һ·ܸߣȻĻҲˡ
ľ춼ˣʲôⰡ
ûȰ¥˼ٵĽŲСİүүСְһųŰèе˹ȥ
һţС˹һץŰèеϣ̬ΪʲôҪҶӣԼ𣿡
СүүһĭŰèеϣͿ㲻ǶԼȥǼСʲô
ʯظҲȰòȰסˣС˵֣裬үүⲻû𣬶Ա㣬ҪҾͱ̬¥ˡ
Сղ¥¿ƱˣȻ֪Լӣʱһת͸ƹˣлл㰡ллСҪҲȥˡ
СְָүүҲҪ¹򣬻ñʯظӷס
ⳡ棬ҸģϽοοӰɣСŵˡ
¥Χ۵ȺȻһûߣǵעŰèϣǿʪһƬ̬Ҳ𣿡
ΪʲôҪС
̬¡
һı̬Űèд̼ͨ죬ƿǸӣٳ¡
ʯ˵Լĵģʯεıʲôİɣٻи꣬ȥҲܸء
Ʋ֪ô滹ֻǰοܸãթƭ嶯Ҳܸĺã־Ǹ⣬ĺõĿ̫Сˡ
ʯ˵ģʲôûȥעŰèеİӣҪҪѵ
û뵽ǣڶ죬ּŰèУŰèеͷ˿ϵС
ƸʯظϵʱֱˣôСĴôͷôȥġ
һ˵һɱûߣñ˴ƱˣǾ͸˽գ˭֪ԼŻʵȻܰͷ
ŰèʱʮܣͷС￨ţӸվֱͷǵŵģǲŵĿסģûתѾͨˣһǼƣֱӾͿˣүҰɣ
üʲôëүⲻԼ
ƣ㲻ɱɡ
ԣϽõͷɣˣҾǸ̬˰ɣҽѰɡ
ҶסˣͷСɱ˲ǲǱ̬Ի·Ǹ˲ͬ
ʯظҲֻǼ๤ģ̫򵥣֣ƴŰèеͷ֪ʲôһ֣񡣡
ƷۣϻȻ֪Ҳûôôˡ


 30 

Űèеͷȳ, ŸĽ, ƿŰèỨ, Ǵɣ˻ޣҲ϶ΪԼɡ
ƶʵͬ, Ȱͷȳ, ֶ˵ﶼǷ˴ˣɱ˷أȥ, ˭ҲЦ˭ͦõ𡣡
ŰèɻЦ, һ뵽Լ˿ӱץϾĻ汻Сô˿, ĵ̨, ;
ʱƵĻ£Ȼûз
ȼ, ˸ְο, Ȼ˾, ͽ𣿡
Ҫ, ҪǰδС
ɾԶҲûȨֻ˵Ϸͥ˵
ⰸӼƻ¼ڹ˲ʱ䣬ʯûҲûٷдֱдܽᱨ档
μˣ緣, ܽᱨҲǼ¼Ľһ;ûʲôҲûҷģдһƪܽᱨ潻ȥ
һܺŰèпͥΪЭץҲóͥΪŰèлٰƱ磬û뵽Ȼʮʹˡ
Լɱ˺ܶСèС˵Լ׼ɱԱƣΪֹŰè־Сè
Űèл˵Се¥ŻǰҪɱŴŵӡʱԥҪС¥ȥõͱʱ˼ƣͰ¥һɱˡ
ݺݵĿϯϵСͼƣҳһһɱǵġ
˵ϯϵˣǷٶɧˣùֱı˰
Űèֺ߻˸ȦһҪУҵʱҪԱʱ
ƿ˵ҧгݵŰèУ˵źݻ׺ݵı飬ȴûж
ʲôѲҪ
̾˵Ի·ȷʵⰡ
Ϊʵʮͽ̻ͽ̣Űèֲû˺ҲûǮƣʮʮͲˣϴ̬ûͣȥһ¾״̬û׼ͣڷͥλʵǸԼأʮꡣ
ŰèоȻ⣬ͥţҪͽ̣񼫡
ͥϵ˶ˣҲ̫˰ɡ
Լ˵ĻüɣѵԼĻҪԶڼ
ʯغҲֳƾǣܼܲһľ״̬ҾӺе⡣
ʮֲ죬Լûⷽ绤㻹𣿡
ҡҡͷôܰҪҸ˵û˻ƲҪͽ̣ʱһ䰲ο
ʯؾ˵С㱻¥Ҫһɱ㣬ⶼʵȥãǾԼˣҽн̹ܣ˹ܵġƵʱ㼵֪ɱֿʼͬǲë
룬ͷеë
ʯؼȻˣˣĹҪ˾ˣ𣿡
СѧһͷûģŰèвҪķΧС
ȴӷͥӽʯһȥԷҲ˳˼ƣʯȴȼƻش;ܾˣ´ΰɡ
ʯؿؼƻȥʱһֱڵͷϷû뵽ѳͣ䰲һվ̨ϰ˵ӡ
ǳû뵽ʯؾȻڳʱСҪ𣿿ٰ٣Ҫһռùʱ䣿
ӳƽʱϸòУʵһҲϸ񰡣üŴǡ
ʯȴѾִǱߵĳţϽ³ؼ𣿡
ƱһˣָӳĴҪ´ΰɣǲһݶӣӦòн³
ǻ𣿡
ʯرЦˣӤ𣿻ضӣԼӡ
˵ˣƿȥķֱʲô˰һȻֱַȥÿ
ȻſˣҲûŶ־ʯذµĵطֻһվأûȹֱȥˡ
һͬھͿǺͬĴһүƸھӵĺ迴˷ܵ˵ƣˣûˡ
һ裬ƣȥˣ۲ۣڵϿˣȥˣһҪעⰲȫ
˵˵ưҿ㻹Ǵ˰ɣһСˮǾȻĶΣհҶʱء
Ӧţ⼸λô鰡κŮҪ⣬
ྣү˵ưǣһû¾ͻ˼ҶϽȥɣֻˡ
û뵽ϰֻͻȻʱûྵģȥ
һСԺͺˣ֣ʲôʱġ
ƣְ˰ɡ
˹ȥסϰ֣Ȼˣ㶼ûˡ
ŮͷЦɸղ˵Ҳǿ²ˣ˭Ҳ˵˭
ǿɲһǹҪأûҲܣҲ𣿡
̣ɫЩΣŰߣûз֡
˹ȥ裬裬̫ˣ֧ң˵˰ְ֡
˵һ£裬Ҳġ
æ˵û˵ңһȥȷںϹȻҷĲ¡
Ƹղϰ˵ҲûΪѾ֪ԼӹҲһˡ
֣û跢Ȧ𣿾ǿҰǸȻûںϣǳϵԱż񡣡ƲѾ˵ϰ֣ǵԼֻҪʱܱ֤ȫǵľˣʱҲȫǻ¡
ȴֵƣ֪ģһ̫ϲ罻ɹԼ
ʲô˼辭Ȧˣ
һֱû˵ʱŵԼȦԼû
е£ôˣе㲻԰
Ůˣֱ˵ưҸл˵ô꣬ҲǾࡣ
ѧңһڴѧν̣Ƹ߿꣬˹һҹҽҩ˾ȥȥ̸
дηֻּкöƬ֪ȫɲֻΪ˹Ϊʱ롣
̺þżȥɽ乫԰Ϊ˴ƳȥСһڼﲻ̫áǵļͥк̶ܹȴܣҸС
ΪƶϰԼȥ沢УѧҪϰ̲࣬ȥ棬ϰǮȥʲôԵġ
ʱ࣬ͻȻֲõԤУأ
ƣҸҪˡ


 31 

ڼʮֶİȻҪˣ
Լ˵ֱ
첻˽ڰ, ֣㿪ʲôЦ
Ů, , ûЦҸҪ, 㲻Ҫ, 㲢ûӰ졣
趼ҪˣûӰ죿裬⵽ô°, ֲһֱúõ𣿡
첻ȥĶ̺ͼƣһҲڵ, ˵飿
Ƽֱ, Ӧδûȵδͷ, 軹Ҫ飬ܸ
, , ڰ, , ˵ģûһֱҲû˼
ָָԼǺӶôˣߴүŸ˵أǸˣ
ü⺢ӣ˵Ҹ軹û, Ҳи󰡡
ô˵˳ˣ
һ˵һ߿̡
̬ãĺãƯģҪ϶衣
ܿŮ˼һ£ϹʲôأûˣҪ飬ô򵥣Ѿǳˣġ
ԣҪǱҾԿ⡣ǸںүҪҸģҶ⣬Ұ裬Ԥ׵ģͻȻûˣ
̾ǺԤףư㿴ĸ飬ҶҶĸ顣
ŮһŵĿЩ飬ҸѾҾҵй̶Ʋ㣬Ժ׬Ҳ㡣
ˣʲô̶Ʋ
һҭ֪鲻ã޷ܣ̸
˵ߣԺŻͷ˵ƣ㷿ˡ
ﻹ˼̣裬Ѱֽлʲô˵϶ķϡ
ûҸѾˡ
ƿǵı飬ͻȻͻ裬Զʲô¶ʲô¶С𣿺úһ˵ɢɢˣôôνͲȡһ𣿡
ưסһ仰Ҫߵסȡʲô˼
ƼһֱôϵСûƢ
ƼǵõһηƢӿεʱ򣬵ڶξڷżﱨԱʱ룬ᣬֻΪô£￴ϰߡ
裬Ұֶû
ûС
Ĳѹ
̷¸飬㿴𣿡
Ƽֱȥˣʲôʱˣ顣
֪Լ޷ذĻܵҪڼҲȥˣҿӸҪο
ԼǼ谲οûҪο˼һѾǳˣͿˣ
ǳ˾͵ʹĽܰ
ƿ̣֪ûãᱻ˵Ҫ㡣
̿վͿ㼸ضӣҪҪҸǶӳ绰ͱȥˡ
һ㶣֪Ƕӳ绰ȥ
ҡҡͷ绰ңܸɣ˵ˮˡ˵չ˺㣬¡´ʱڳ񣬾ʹˣܸܲ١
뵽ʯ³ʱı飬ˣԭԼҪļ٣Ϊ
裬ôأҴ绰ӵĻʱصģҪҿ϶٣ôֱӴǶӳأ
̾һʲôôڵ绰ｲ
ƼֱҪըˣ㲻ҹܣҵԺҲҪܣҪٸǶӳ绰ҪҰȥҶǳˣܸͺãɢɡ
⺢ĻЦˡ
ȻЦҪըˣЦ
һ˳ȥ
ضſڻһ£ͻȻֲȥˣµûţɴɽɡ
ʱ̫Ѿɽ¹ɽʱѾߵˡ
Ȼ󣬼ƿһ벻ˡ
ӳô
ɽֻ𣿡
еίҲû˵ֻӳô壬ѵΪ绰٣
Բ𣬶ӳҲ֪绰ˡ
˵ϵҲΪȸ绰֪绰ġ
ʯһ˵Ҳϲ֣Ժ˵˵
ðɣ
СĵؿӳȻ㲻ϲ֣һ˵ҲӦø˵Բ𡣡
ʯػͷ¹¼ƵСԵЩ壬ȴĵ˫ǵӳ¹⡣
Сģʯؾ͸ɴװӣƾʲô
һƾʲôüȥСɴص㲻Ӧø绰ûмҷƾʲô绰㻹չ˺ңҳ£Ҫչ𣿳˵Ҳ赣ģֻ˵ԣΪҵĶӳôֱ֤
ʯεûô˵һչ˺ҵĶԱ޷ŵǳ¡ʱ˵Ҫչ˺㣬£˵ʲôֻ˵á
סҲ̫ᴫ˰ɡ
ΪʲôҪ绰
˵ˣҷӰ쵽飬Ӱ쵽ҲһӰ쵽ΪӳҲȨĶԱĽ绰ͽʲôԵ𣿡
˵ҧллӳģĺܽ
Ϳ޵İްȣұʱ̹עñѹѹ塣
ƷֶӳˣԼʱôûסأɣ°ѱˣٻء
ӳֻҿһΣ˵ǰް
ʶ£һϼǰ޵һѱһģ˵̫¾ͻޡ
Ǹӳǰ޲˵㣬㵱ҳȻҰ㵱ҳˣʲô¾ٸ绰ˡ
˵㣬㣬ҵĿĴﵽˣΪʲôҪ绰ƣ⻰ӦҶ˵Ҹ绰Ǻܺһ£ת費ҪٸҴ绰٣Լ˵
ƣ
ʯӳϬ
û˵˵ʯӳ㲻ˣһƵֻˮˣ߾ʱˤˣϵ϶ἱʱϼ绰ѯһ²𣿡
˻ͷһȻĪ
˵ˣʯҲһһʲôʱġ
ʯؿۼƣٿϥǴϢ۵òĪЦȻˣҵԴСǵø˵ϵʱԴҡˣ˵ˣȥɣ˵ӳҪ¶ܽᡣ
˵ܣƼæϣӳҪᣬɲܳٵ
Ī
׷ĺܷѽŰ
ý촩Ь


 32 

ûп¶ܽ, ǳ˸кֿˡ
ǺסСǺһĸߵС, վǺ, ʱ̾䣬ԱһҲķԱ߾صСѧص, СҵҲһ, ǿ̻
ƿû˼˼СϰҪ飬Ǻܴ, ǳˣҲͥ, 
ȿͨ϶ŵĳʱ, ղ, ʲô
Źҵæ˵ⲻǻ𾯣ҪŹȥ, ⶼ˴ҵ̫á
, Ҫǻأȥҵü𣿡˵ָ˵ո, ʲô, ҵһģҵòֻ̻¶á
ҵСӱ˵࣬ǸĽһĽ
Ҳеǲں˵ʲôǻ𾯣Ǻ, ˵öԣһǻأⲻ˷ʱ
ŶԱ³ǸĲĽǹܲţǻϻ㱨ġ
ӲֻжӣзţȨලҵҵһͻˣߣܴ˵绰
ƻǺҲ̫ˡ
վ˵ˣĲ٣˭ҲϣٸΡû뵽ݾ԰Ҳһֱ˵ߵѧãҵྡģѻһڡ
ǼҲԶ͵ˣҲǸ߲㣬¥ʽڶ㣬ϵʱվĽһݾһͽţϱ߻Ӿء
ƶԷӲȤֻϽܺӽȳȥϢ
һſţһ˯۵ӭ˹ˣˣ治˼̫Ƥ
ƿŴ߳ˣһͷˡ
Ҳȵؿƣ
λǼּ졣
ǿѹԼҪ׷һΪʲôĳ嶯ƽ͵ʣأ
һŮ˾˵ˣɣӿްˡ
ûἾ죬һ¼󿴿ٿеɻƸ˳е񰡣ѵݣ
ɫѿû뵽ӣŮʶԼŮĳԱˡ
·ϻڸ̾ϰ̫ƽʲô԰Թ˼ûˡ
˵û죿ʱ˵⺢ӶˡӶôˣ˵Լû죿ϰֿ԰֪֪
ֻʣ˷ŭȴκ˿
ݾͿһƯŮ˱Ÿкɳϣ￨Ÿһ۲Ƶıνա
Ǻϻ飬ǽ񿴵˾ǣԱˡ
˵꿴ƣԱ㣿
Ʋ֪ôԳһ£Ұ̰ɡ
üΡ⺢һˣҲʸֳҪôȰ
ǺӿƣûĿڣ豻˽˰̾Ҫ̹еͳһ壬Ůͳһн㣬ĺӲϲ
һһ㣬㣬ŪԱ־̫Ūˡ
ĺ˵б㡣⿴֪⺢ӾǼĶӣӶôˣŸ˵Ҫ飬˵û죬ûˡ
Ůˣʮ꣬ƯģģٺãҲס
ƾԼĮиˣиӣȻ侲ô⺢ӵֽȳ
ϣʯڳǲ
һ§סСкļ磬ȰοţһҰűνգС׺òã
ã㣬ܲסҵ۾ҵһкСĹĵģǿɰһű̵ģд⺢ʲô£̾һס۾һֿ֣һԱҲæǯӿʼһγԡ
۲ƵȷʵãŪŮ˾е㼱ˣваȥҶӵֻ׵ģʱҿҪͶǡ
һۣɣҪ㿴úӣܳ˼ڰæվһвǣ£
ⲻǵıҪ˵ô١
ռ̬ȵļҳһҲӰ죬˸߼Ůľ˵ʲôôһ˵Ҷӵô죿
ƿ˼һۣʲô۹ⰡȻֻأҲ԰Ҫںôܸû顣
챻ŮμˣŮģΪʲôҪ绰ӣԼ˰û취ŪǶרҵģûûУһֱԱ˵ʲôӰǹŻ˵ӣɡ
ⲻǵıʲôҶӣӲӼ˻ϰʲôʱ飿
Ů˵ԽԽСºɼƶ߹ˣġ
ǺǣϰôȷǲԼģҪӼǱ߱ģȻĻǲǻһֱƭ裬װɺðְ֣СԺӪܰļͥ
Ѿ𣿻ص¼ҾȻûеһʱŮ˵
鸴ӣѹֹѪ¾ȻԼϰϣֱ߸֪
ϰ¼ҵŮˣеЦ
ϾҪǸʱֱŪˣۿµɣǰѱŪˣôģҪͶǡ
Ʊűţɨۼ졣
Ů￴ӣЦ˲һƴŮ˵ϣ죬죡Ҫ˵ٱ飬˼æģ㲻²˵͸ұ죡
ŮҲǸƲӣðûأȻ͸Ҵң죬˵˶ȻΪ˴ҡ
ȥŮǰԼץסƽ
ŮĽеʱֿ˼һۣһգӦݰɡ
Ǵˣ󻹵ȰҲĹߣ˵ţԲ𣬶Բ𣬾ˣû˵ġ
Ȼո磬ӳϲ˵ԲˣǸҪ˵Բ֮ԳΪ̫Ҫȳ϶
յһۣǶŮңͶ˵ô˵Ǹʡ鷳أֲĲܽ档
˵ı֣СѣټһξͺˣŵвУ
Ǻܶ£ͷãԱҳòãҾͲˡ
ᳪ裬룬һ׼СʱİְȥϰĶ衣
Ů۵Ķе鴤ĸоôôùôͻأô죿ŮĿеǵȵ˰ɡ
Ǳ߱Ѿˣе׵ⲻվ˵ǲĵĻȥҽԺɡ
쿴ûӵ֣˵û£û¡⺢ӾƤ鷳λˡ
ƯС裬˭뵽һƾͷſ뱧˵ſڣûٶ֮ѱ󿴵һһ㶵ġ


 33 

ȻֻƱôһ, Ϊʱڼƻõ˰ο, һֱԱӢ, ƽʱ˱νľھˣʱӢ۽, ȻǸĻ, СһƲͿ
ҳ嵽ǰһѱ, żƵô£ǱҲϲ㣬㱧, 㱧, οܵʲô¶
ü˼, ҲϲСӡ
㡭
ոҪԲ, Ͻźȥ, лл˵, ͱﶪˡ
Ůĺͦ¼, Ȼһ޷ޣȴ˵ʲôűˡ
յллֽסƣƣ鲻, ȸְٸ͡
⻰һҶˣλȻǼƵİְ֣ɸղŮ˺ͺӲʶưʲô
ĲϰԼͬǰ£̫ˡ
Ǳ߸չϵֿ˸죬ЦˣѾˣ˵֣ķ˵й̶ƲңҲⷿ𣿡
챻ո󿴵ΣŮʣҪڣͼŮֱű˳ϼȻŮҪй̶ƲҪ˵ġ
޲ðұ죬˾ͲŮˣ
ƲոεվſԣҲмʼ죬Ƕյȥһӡ
һʼֻΪǼƵ˻ݣû뵽ôӣæͷˡ
ڵﻹ˵أǾôˣƻԿ
֣ܳʲô
Ů裿СܵܣҿǶʶǻ˻أƲˣ
Ҳһͷˮ
ǶȥˣҲûʲôù˼ɵģʼ죬ˣ㵱ʱ˵Ժ׬ĴҲңСǸ⺢ӵģⶼ˲Ÿ飿Ҳǳס
һƣɫѿɸղżҧ죬治˵ʲô
ŮЦߣҸطġ
Ҹղ˵ˣӾҪӡ
Ҹطúģòã
Һæģʲô
е䣬ֻ֣⺢ǲġ
쿴۱󣬼ѵصͷҶӣûС
Ʊкܶʣ˵ʲôʱʼģôʶģûһ
ֻһõ˿϶𰸾ˣʱĻ
Ļã֪ˡ
˵תߣ֪ŮƢһҪҪȰܸϾϵæߣƣҽ͡
ҲҪĽͣҪѾˣҲҪˡ
֪ģ̫ˣĺƽ
ЦŶԭ˵أ۹ôͻȻô࣬ԭλͼľ֣ǹϲ㣬ԺһֵģҲƽˡ
̾ƣ֪ôҲⲻˣҲ֪ĴڣһֱԥҪôҲȫΪǣиղѾˣҲ飬ⷿǲĸӵġ
ԭˣߺӶֲᣬˣ̾ͷһκԼˣҪûǳ϶Ͳ֪Щˡ
ְּǿǶأĶѧ˼ҵĺôһӾͱôף
¥£վסԼ˵ĶԣǳˣЩҲԽܡô㣬Ҳ㲢⣬ҾӦø˵һУǸ
ЦƣҺĸܣҵĿ͸˵ˣҲǸʾ⣬Ϊãò֪Щ£Ҫǽ󡭡
Ƹղųŭʱϰ˵֪ˣǻһ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԭǼҵܰΧǼٵģమǸЦҾǶİɣаɣȻŮʿԭˣһ˵ʲôأˣȥϽǲƽţܴڽӴĶӡ
ƣ˵ʲôҲûŮҲᡭ
ûУˡ
سڰ֣뿪ڼ׷ǰ˴š
˳տɫ˿͸ɽƵģһһһģ֪ϻƭԶֱӾͰˣ˵ҪȢ裬Ҫˣ
ûסٻˣ
ûأո顣
⻰һٺҲˡ
ߺӶˣڳ컹˽Ӱǣܲͬüʲô鰡Ҷû£ôܸ𣿡
û£
ʲô£
˰죬ҲûܰοƵĻ̾ɴɣ˭֪񣬻ϰֵҸ˽ӣ
»ȥҪҪʯӻ㱨أ
˼ҪСȴеģЦţˣϢϢٻӰɡ
Ҫȥ˼˵ˣ˾ΣֱͣߣǶǿ϶
ɻ˼ҲǺģȥк˳˵³ϵ𣿡
̾ǰ̫ᣬ⿴ûö
첱ӿۣŶأ󣬳ģѵ
˵񣿡
ûǻȥֻҪѼ¼һ϶˹飬Ҫͣ˳ղգȥ鷳鷳
û뵽£ǲôȻŻ¸ǣҲü
ռ𣬸ɴߵƣҲ÷ɢһעżǵ¡
Ѿ֪Ѿ죬ٱʾǴҲûʲôãɴҲȥˡ
ȥѾʮˣ˳ֱᣬȻſڷָӣüۣϴͬһӣѦ
ûſݵҪô˻ȥ
ϴ裬ֻּѦ壬ٸͶַңһҸĻȥ
Ѧ巢˸ʺŹʲôӣûǼĹƣ㲻ˣݼԼúĺ𣿡
ƿϢüģ˭
ѦϢ뵽Լ־Ҫ̸̸ǸҪ̸̸ʲô̸ģ鲻ְܴȢһҪһԱǻʲô̸ġ
̾һôһĶˣҲҲ˰ɡ
ˣˣ֮䲢ûʲô̸ġ
˵꼾ְˣȻ־Լе֣˼Ҽڣôôء
ˣҲûᣬڸѦ֣ʱԽãԽңˣû飬ȻһѦҲϰС
ƽ
ֻƿʼоʳ̵ģкüֶϺܻʳЩֹɿ
˭͵أѵȹ
ϸϸһ飬ûзп͵ģѵǶﰵˣС˵м
Ǵʺ˯ģڶֱȥʦҪ˸ͶһסҪͶ˲ϼңѶߡ
ʦһЦˣ׷СأˣС¼̫˼㶫ͽţпҲ˼Եõģ
ʦʲôС°Ҷ֪˭͵ģҲ
Ŷİɣͼο϶׵ģ׷̸ʲôɲҴŵģ
ƼֱǷˣʦôҺͬڵĴүһ·䲻Ҷ
ȳ緹Ƹһȥѵ󿴿ĺȦ̾ưҪҪˣûֹ¡
Ҫء
ǣҾ˵˼ûֹֻܽܵ˼԰ɡ
㿴µ𣿡ûĵһۣɱٴ͸˵
һ룬ϱƷˣѾ˵ˣ
ûУҲûôͣ첻Ҹ¼𣬺ֵĶԻҲ¼ȥˣȻϽˡ
Цһ˫ֽһ˵Լǰʲôƣ侲ʱһûŪʲôûػӡ
Сȳʱ͸ùػˡ
ҲǿŮ̫ѲʲôݵҪ󣬻ӵҾûأ˭뵽ͻȻˣȻôһ䡣
Ѿ˹һѶ˸ˤѾӾܣƣ治ǹġ
Ʊ׷ģһ⺰˰ɣһһٰ³
һȦû׷Ϊ£ֿʼѹοȴһסˤڵϡ
죬Ŷӳ㿴ƵҲ˵ģɵùס죡
ƣڸʲôʲôӣ
Ǵӳһæſ
һӵƸ˵Ϳʱر뿴ˡ
ЦŸ˵ǰ氮ֵġ
ҲЦˣҲѵ֮һֵܶӦ
飬ס´󣬺гҲԣվһ飬ȴ䣬ͦСģ㣬Ÿһ
㿴Ű䣬ҲʣƾԲҸԱģġ
ôţŮеᣬûôܹŮСѧϰһֱڹܣһֱСû뵽ĳˣûûѵҲӢˬġ
ƿû˼游Ů˵Ҳ֪ʲôģ֪֪֡
ûڣֻŻ徴ȥѵ
Ͻƣ̸ְ
ˣ治֪λǼƵϰ֣˵ôҽҩ˾ͻȻҪҩƷѵģԭǳġ
ĪٿۼƣЦˣѾͷֱӵвè
֪Ƽǵ£ֶˣ͸Ͻʹɫ̫嶯ô˵ҲϰһǿͦǮϰ֡
ۣкˡ
屾żιۣʱҲ֪ǽŲιۻǸŮ˵
Ҫʣ˵ӣǽתɣҲƵĹ
û뵽ºϰֻЩûܣȻ
Ӳ˵һҪѵ
һŮ֪֮֮ìܣѵԼڵģ֪ӳְܣ˼ҼȻˣ˲ӦҩƷһ°ɡ
С㣬ͣһѵûϵ߰ɣתתҲַġ
͵أһοӣҲΪƣ̫嶯ˣŮӣҾɾԮʵ̫Σˣ϶ǴϺ鷳
ӼСԺ뿪취̵ȦǸͼһţǰǸ¾ˮľԼŮʱͼˣϾʹ绰˰οʡ
ȻּԱݵŮͻȻµ뷨ҪԱԱһҪȥȻˮɣ򵥵񲻺𣿶ȫһƯŮԱأð
̸µģһʼռʱҲҲôģϣѾչʾʵ¸ңܸϣ¹ѵļƷŵĸﶼǺϸԱ
屾伾ƣ뵽⵱ֵҲΪŮİȫҲû˵ͷǰһŮӡ
ƱŻأ춼˵˸˸˭Ҳ˭ôӶָֻأ
ŮôˣѵÿζǵһҴûϹȣҲ˵ǴǵһҸ˵Ҳȶκ˲
ͷ⻰治Ǵ󻰣Ȼ֪ôôãȷʵƤʵǱѵû
Ƽӳ϶ԼҲղǾŮˣϵӳﲻֻмԶĶԱ̽ҼҾڱУΪʲôҸ׽
ҽοʵģ˲ҩƷ
̾ƣ֪ƫأҪңûһܿԼĺ
ȥҸӼνǳ𣿻˵ǴôԱֻһǺϸĸףϸĸ֪иͬĸĵܵܣŶԣ֪ģҳżȻֵģֻܰ˻ܰԼأ֣ôõĹôܻ뿪أ׷˼ˡ
⻰ϢС嶼һһ㶵ģʵ̫ԼϰˣһҲûչǸְŮĺðְ֣ǸЦ
ͬȥ֪֪£׻˵ҳû뵽Ȼ쵼ǰĵס
ӣҿԸƵ̸̸𣿡
廹û˵ˣƽһݶӣתܣкûһ
첻üеƣдӳأʲôϵ
˵ǻ𾯵һݶӣһװȫҿ㻹һ̸ɡ
𾯣һ


 34 

ĵص, ʵļʱլСĶ࣬Ͼ, õ, һͻᱻ֣Ʋӡ
ʮ, , ƾΪĿԺܴҲֲ²⣬ӵ˶ݻʮʹ, Щ˴󲿷ΪйޣǸ󲻵һɶôҵĺ
ˮԱﲻֻĸֵĳ, ߲̫ˡ
رս, һӸӶ, һ·ͨ˻, Ӽˮ, һӽȥӪȡ
õҵܶ߶µ˵, Աһŵϰ˵Ժ, ǵǼԺƽʱ˺ܶ࣬Һ˼һҲûҲûǣҲûǡ
һҲû
ʯſԺȥˣƸ²黹ûбԱ
˾ֵ²ĻƲϱߴһֶǴգⳡôϱ
ûҵ, ˳ģ¥ϣñֻèȳȥתͷȥ
¥ݵͽȥ˵ſڻ˸ľʵװΣЩװյĲʱðľʯغͿһ߿һߺоԮΪǸŷܿˣֹһ
æأ˵ӳ
ʯһ㶣ͼһӰڵһֱײ˹ȥȻǸղų˰žͱײˡ
ߣһǼƣʯر³çһźأ˾˷ʱ䰡
˽ȥһ治أҶѾѬιȥˡ
Ħĸˮرһ
ҪȣֻĸʯüƸհ˰ıϣȻ̧һʣոһ˸һ
Ʊ˵ԼһһʱִҲ˷ʱ䣬ʯز˵űųȥ϶ܶ˵Ŀɲˡ
Щʱ಻ͣŰţȻƿֺĸо
Ѿˣ˸յ¥ѾӦˡ
Ƹȥ¥ںȡ
ղǲ鿴ѾûˣȻǴԺﴫġ
ư˷ŵӦ˱ˣ滹ˡ
˵겻ȱ˷Ӧֳȥ
ʯǸղŲѾˣ
ϰأȥ˵ɡ
ȥȥûôˡ
ˮֻǼߵĻƣ߻ϣʯش߳壬һʱȴȥֻȰȻ𣬲ȥǸڻֱײˡ
ֱԺǸϵʱűˣ϶˹ݻǻ᲻˱ˣûзأ
Ժûҵˣžڶϸû˵ղŵĺǻþҲпǺȵѾѬˡ
վգ˼Ժǣղ񿴵һκײĵӡ
ȥӴ򿪣ȻһŮѾιȥˡ
ưժ˼ڣͰ˱Ϸ̺塣
ܵ¥ݿʱɨһӰɫӰ
ȥ鿴ǻﻹбҪȵء
ҧסֱӳ¥ȥʯؿǸӰû£̫ˡ
ƿǣһţȥʯһס𣿡
ü߻ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ʯظˣûˣ㻹壿
޷ͣһ߰һ˵¥г갡Ҳб©СèС
ʯض˵ˣ͵СèСܾʱȣΪ˴ԣΪСèСԵ𣿡
ңû˼شղʮȷԼĲǻþǸɫˣⳡŵģģ
ԼҲǱˣȷ˾ǸˣĺȥʯؾԲȥȻ˿϶Ҳˣô죿
ӳ϶ݻݻ𷸶ϲԭأԼŵĻɶӰ죬Ҿá
㵱ǳԸɷڲˣϽɻ
ȻѾʮˣһǱߣʯסۿˣϹʲô˵չ¥ǺΣյģǽǽ̮ĿܣҪ鿴ֳԭҲҪɢ˼ȫٽȥ
ͦģҲ֪˿϶ˡ
εظһϺˮͿ
쿴һǽ壬ۻˣơ
֣ڲ˵ǲ˵
һ٣ֱӰߣҲӣ֪ĻŮĹϵľ޷ˡ
סˣɫ˵ããץʱϢɡ
˭뵽˵ΧȺУͿһеŷкһܵƵϣƽӹоͳЦˡ
˭Ƶ
ͷĪװõİ׷ĸˣ⼦Ϻ裬ǼưԵĻˡ
Ǻըǵġ
Ǳ߸ҲŴǼ͡
ʯؿüȻģεġ
ҪɽִҪҹս֣ͣԸҲⰲһ´󲿷˾ͿԻضˣȻͷĶԱǻ˸߲ҵسˡ
Ǿô϶Ķû⣿ҪзͶ㶾һƬ˭ģˣ
Ǽƣר˸ŲˣΧɣö˾ֻҪء
š
ʯҲ֪Ҷ۲˶ˣǶˣҲǷ£ڳ԰ɡ
󿴿ǰĲˣٿԼĺͦԺģǾòˡ
Ī˵Ҳ̫Դ˰ɡ
Ķˣһ˵лͳһѲŷĪһֱŷУвˣæ˵ҰɣԼš
ĪԵô֪ˣۻˣû£ġ
˵ֶŮ͵óţ˵Կͣո˷Ҿ˳ִˡ
һڷǼ鼴ĿȷǺ
Ƶһۣ˵ʲôܺͷʲôĿȷ
װɡ
Ʋװ̫飬θҲڿ飬ȳ˵ɣԼ˵ҪĪԷɴԷ㶫鲹Ҳˡ
ԺˣĪ˵ʲôû뵽Ī𷹺ˣæɡ
ǼʱһĬĬĬĬߣһʱҲ֪ʲô˼
Ѿӵ˳ص֪ͨӽȥɨβˣ𲻿ٸȼȷʵûȥˡ
£³ҵʯأʯӣһģҾòһԭӦһ
ʯ˵߼ͨһȥĸʺһԭ򣬵ģдһԵģ뵽ȥʱӢ£͵ͷ
ðɣĴȻȥ˵ȸŰɡ


 35 

Ѿɢ, һߣƿűյڵǽ治ü, ӳ, Ƕдɫ·𣿡
ʯüʲôɫ·սǺɫ, Լʲô·֪𣿡
ղҿһɫ·, ·ǵսɫʺġ
ʯظʲôʱ򿴼ģղϱ߻û, ˵ûС
˵ûУΪ֪˿϶ƽȥ, Ҫʯðսȥ
ʱΧľúö, Ķȥ, ô۵·϶˿
ʱ治ýˣΧ۵Ҳûдźɫ𣿡
ոʯطǰ˵С, Ǿûкɫ, Ⱥɫķ, ǽǶս, ӳͷǺģڶȥʱӳǶ±ߡôдɫ˳֣
ŵ̾Ҳ˵ǰΪӪȼʱֻ˵ˣֻʱݿˣҲûʬ塣
һʼ, ȷˣΧĺܽһǾһѲɵˡ
˵ô϶ͻȻе㲻̫ȷԼʱʵĻǻþˣѵû˯ã̫ҵǸˣŲĻþ
ҡҡͷ̫ȷҲҿۻ˰ɡ
ʯμˣѾͷǲУҲΪͷһִյɣ˵̫ȷʱҪ濴Ӱܴʲô·Ӧ˵˺û˵ľԮ費ͬ㲻𣿡
ûʯؾ͵֪¥𣿻ȥȥվˣһ𳡾Ļš
̾ûĻţصĻֳ
ʱѾԺſڣվ˵ŵģ׼ǿСײˡ
ʱ龰Ц˼ۣ治ۣ
ҡҡͷûʲôо
ʯؾ˵ԺûпҲ˹ϵģˣڰĦϣˮرߡ
˵ۼƣæȵλ˵ָָѾýڵӣ棬ӦԼȥġ
н׳Ҳ֪ʲôʣʪʪģƾôȫʪݵġ
ʱʪʪһҲѾڣգʯؾ˵Ա˵ǾԲⱻȴһͷ
Ƭȥ㣬ʯظնжΪʹòĻ֣õ̻Ҳ˵ΪҵףԴ붬õĹůϵͳһֱûϣ̻ܶʹõů
ƿǸѾյñεȡůɻЩô£ѵ˽й˽
ߵôֲܷűأ
Ƕʱӵˮرߣؽ
˵Լɣľپ˵İɣǻģֻҪȷԭС
ƺ˵Ҳ֪ȨʯһɾͲˡ
ضʱԹһΪҪЭ飬һץݻأôǴˡ
ʯüƣϴξ͸˵㲻Ǿ죬ŲˣԱԼıְͺá
֪ˡ
֪ʲôѵʱ棬һ𳡾ΣԼȷԼûпˣʲôɫˣۻ濴ˣ
û뵽£϶Ĵ𰸣һ˵ӳ治ȷұ¥ʱһɫӰ
¥Ϊʲô˵ҲǸԱأ
Լ𣬶Ҳʯ̾
æӳҲǻ磬ǹŰʲôĴŻ𵹵أ׿ΣǰҲûִŨУ߲á
ʯû˵ʲô֪Ժ˶ֱӾȥ˻¥һѬǵսվڻииоĻ£Ŭڻ𳡵龰ȻȷڻǻͷһƳԲǻþ
Ǹ˳ˣⳡ־ԸйϵϴԼԺ𣿻˵һģ
ôֳŪŻģôذΧ£ӻߵģ
̾²ܸʯ˵˵Ҳš
Ϊû˿˵ĴڣҲûбյʬ壬˵˾Ǹһ
ǲ˵ĻôҵأǸݻ𷸣ҵٴݻ𡣼е㷢ʯ˵öֻԱǾ죬鰸Ѷ̫ˡ
ԼĿһ·ˣҲеѶȣοϡͿ˵Լۻˡ
ü˰Ҳûʲôð취ȴ绰ҽԺοһȳǸŮӦÿ֪Ժʲô£ΪʲôŻᱻ
һһվˣȻվһСʱ¥ʱȶˡ
˻¥Ŀغ󣬼ſ̨ȣһӰһΪѲߵľ
Լڰ˭ϵľȻĪ
ķе㸴ӣô
Ǵӳ̸¡·ÿ㡣
ʩӳİ칫ǲᾭ¥ģҲû𴩣ллͷ
ϲͺá
еΣ˵ǣȷʾǸͷ
ûй־Ѧ֮ദǺģʽʱҲֻЦЦ
Ҷϲ
˵꣬žһ鴤ˡ
ҪԼѹͼĪĽţԼϥϣȰȻְЬˣѹŽŵס
շվӦöߣôˡ
ųĸоʵܣ̫죬ƶûʱֹһ˱Žఴˣܲ˼˵ллô֪ұˣ
Ī̾ҵȻ֪ˣղʯӳڰ칫Ǵӳ״
ʲôȥ״ˣҲ̫״˰ɣһˣǶӳôСѧһ״أ˵Ҳûʲôϱ߻һȥˣʲôҿˣ˾ϢҲ̫ˣҸղŻ˰죬ǳȷȷʵ·ˡ
ʵʯһֻȥ㱨Īνĸ״ֻʯ˵̫³çʯҲ˼ƣΪȷʵˣȴٴûмӹӾȷ˱
ĪԴһҲ飬˵³çҲǸ״
ʱʯصҲû侮ʯȰʯҲΪãȷʵ̫³çˣְ𣬵ҲӦñԼ·ô£ûȳ𣿲˵ֻм˻𣿡
ƳԼĽţ֪ôͣλ־ݻҿܼݻ𷸡
Īһ㶣ȷ
ȷҸˣұ˶ûпΧľһֱҲûзƾʧˡ


 36 

Īü, һҵġ
ǣ
ǰҰĪ˵ʮ֣ء
ȴҡҡͷ, ûϵ, Ҫҵ
Ҳ֪ô͸Ī˵£Ҳÿγֵʱôǡ, Ҫʱɡ
Ī˵ʲôҪ͸, ʶ˿ɲ١
ƾЦʶⰸӵľеĻ֡
ĪӢ¶ΪѵɫüеѶ, Ҳ
ˣҸ㿪Ц, ֪ܲƴ, û, 㻹ǲҪˣܰǸ¥Ե, Ѿܸлˡ
¥, Īϴӹİóһͼ, ױһݸ, 㿴ķ䡣
ҵķ䣿ỹûǺãѾ䷿
ǣŮԱᡣ
ƽӹͼȻǺڲͼ, һɫǽеЦϲɫֻϲɫ·СƷûԼסһ۷۵Ĺ
иʪԡѾܾϲˣȻױ̨
ǵ᣿㲻ôͼɣ¥̵Σ
˭涨һҪǾӵļӴǶ˲࣬طҲСȻøǵġ
ƾ˵Աأҿ
ĪóһͼһСǲģװ޼򵥶ˣƾЦŮ𣿡
ɣǶǲںӣʩ뱸ͺãûҪ̫¡
ͼӳˣ
ǰ
ͬˣ
ĪŹ֣嵱ʱˣֱӾ˵ˣС˼б°Ȣȥ鷿ôôãᣬЩڵġ
ĪǾױ̨Ҫˣ˵ĶԣӰѾȢȥôôãϾӣƻҲ´ס̫˻ĥ־ɡ
еΪѣĪʲôҲû˵һֱȻ֪Ķ֪ϲɫģһɫǲ֪רŸ׼ġ
ĪҴŲģ֪⹤ۣϢʱҲ̫٣ûһӺ裬ԡ
Īɴۣװܵ˾ţǶԱûûӣո翭粻ǺϹðְ֣˵ǻӲҲԱӶҪѧˣܲ˾ӶߺŽӵİɡ
ϸϰ֣û뵽ھͱˣǰʲôкʵҪӵģⲢ谭иҪȥῼЩĪһֱܣҲ˵׷ĻôȻȻ߽
ոʱıüƾԼţҪĪ˧Ǹտأղһ˲䣬еСĶ
˵ˣ֪ҵ˼
ĪͷҲ֪ƣ㲻ҪиҪ£һߣһֱڡ
˵ͼֽİɣһǰźãֲ֤ܰţӳһ㶨ġȥϴ裬һѬζ
˵תˣƿȥıӰееɬ˳ŵĸоá
СѧѧͬѧǸŮڼһܳ裬ʵֻԼ֪û˳ȻǶŮ̶ҪϸСʱƿĸŮദôãҲ;ҪȻĻĸŮ֫Ӵʣ˴ˡ
ƾʱ̫ͯˣԴ˳ͷİ취š
ְһֱæڴѧʱҲһֱҽҩ˾ĹʣĳСʱ£Ͳķۺ챪ϰʱƬʱСĵ̨˿ֲӰΣϰ־͸˷ۺ챪˵жϷ߿ԱǳϲյżҲϲֻۺ챪
˭뵽ʱһֱŵķۺ챪Ȼˣ̾뵽ϰ֣ɿЦֻ˷ۺ챪ϰְ
˰ɣٵˣô˲һż
ȼϴ裬Ѿ쵽ʱˣ֪ʯӦڰ칫д棬˹ȥ
ӳм±˵
ʯẓ̇ͷû̧˵ɡ
иݻ𷸡
ûͣʯ̧ͷ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
Ƶͷ˵иɫˣǲС
ʯһӣƣΣ˵㿴ˡ
ûзֱԱҲûпɵ˳ҵʱͱĻˣҸղŰʱϸ̣ҺȷûпǾԲǻþ
ʯüƣɲС£һɫ˵ݻ𷸣
ǰҲ
ݻʱ򣿡
ƼæҡҡͷǣҲڻ𳡣ʱһûӣǴ·ҴӽϿŻ¥һɫ˴Ӵ·ҿԱźɫ·ʱͺ֡
ʲôʱ䣿صأ
ǰҲǴǰصҲǲˣΪҵʱڹϣſŻˣûʲôλãҲ䰲ɡ
ʯرЦˣƣǱ˰ɡ
Ƶͷ֪ԼĻȡˣ˵ϱڰģɽѾǳ￴Ҳ֮ǰҲŹ𣬱ҵȻ֪жܺ
Ȼֻʯ˵ڽϿǸˣ˵ðɣڽϾǱˣ֪Ķˣ˿ֳ϶ҪĶŻˣҪӵ˾Ȼⳡֺ⣬ھĶһ𣿡
ӳûѣȷʵڱĻֳˡ²ӦҾţ㲻ŵĻ԰еĻûйɣһ
ƣΪ˭ǸԱϴɱ֣ݻ𷸣˵ǲ쿴ﰸƬԲѵĸ˵ţΪ˵Ҿͱţҷôôأ
ƺһӳϴ˵ɱֵǱʣû˵ɣȻɱСèСҲɱְԼҲ˵һҪɱˡ
ҪɱˣΪʲôҪɱ㣡Ϊܡ
ʯڼ峺ַŭ»û˵֣̾ư´αѣֱӸ˵ֱиݻ𷸣ʲôӴ￴ģʲôˣ߰ģ˵ȥ˭ţ
ӳĿˡ
ˣһĻת참񾯵ģȥɣд档
ǣӳֻ˿ûʲôҾñеĻֶɡ
ʯصһۣΪ᲻ܽйͿˣϽ￴ķ
û취ֻܳȥҴӳɣԽ㱨ᱻʯط֣ʯضţӳ
ʯؽд棬ȴóݻ֣̾绰ӳпҪ˵


 37 

ʯظӳԼʱ, ݷȥ칫ңҪʱ, ͻȻʲô, ֻҵ䰲ǳֿ˿ʱ䡣
ǼƵﱨӣȵ, ĪԼƵĹע, ʯؾԼưˣԭ
ƾĪʱ˺ˣǵʱúܻŮӢۣ
ʯ˰죬ҵ¥񱼵Ļ, Ӱʯ̾, , ȥҴӳҲΪǾ, Ѿ˴룬ûҪ˵, ֻǲ˵ǸŮӢ۰ɡ
Ʋ֪ʯѾʼж, ֪³ǽ̻ʱŮӢ, ˵ڱĻ𳡿˰˽̻ʱ
ڶȵŮ绰, Ů˵Ҫл
ȫӾ㣬һֱҲûСǣȱˣǸ, ֻ
Сûô£ȫϳˣԭݵ˰㣬ڰĦϵ˰ĦѾ˯ˣʱŵԱ˽ѣȴôҲвѣȥˮر߽ˮ˯ŵˣʱͿ˰ˡ
㿴˵𣿡
ûУǳͷűˣʱǼŪѣûɹȥŷűˣȻŻˣҲû˼ȥܱˣҾͶ
̾ȻǺǵʹòŲ֪˭ģҲɵˣֲ˿Լ
Ϊţӳ绰ȥ칫ңƻΪʲôأȥһϰּɳϺŲ衣
Ǹ֣˵ûвУ
æ⺢ô˵ء
ƲӣҪ˵ʱ䲻̽ףֱˣֺú̸̸ʲô˵
ȥˣŸ˵ƣû㣬ֻǵİȫӸղҲ˵ˣǸԱΪҵķԾͰڻϡһ㣬֪
֣С˽ʵɣô˵᣿
̾Ҹʱ⣬ΪһЩ鶺ҡ
Ҳʷưֶˡ
ðɣֻ㣬ʱְȷʵ˸źȷҵģҿ϶ҪǱߵķӸǣҲÿ¸ѣ˶ѣҲ飬ǲʡ˵Щ㣬ƣ㲻к裬һң軹裬ʲôûб䣬ֻǷֿˣ𡣡
ʼ磬ˣ㻹Ǹøס
εؿƣƫ̫ˡ
ƫ̫죬ҸϣҪһֱ߹ĵģһֱ䵭ǳܣڳ˽Ҳ̫ѽܣܵһֱӪźϹðְֵ󣬽ӶôˣҪ˵ȫᣬ㡣ˣҶ˵˲ҪңҪһδεܣ֣ȷʵҰ֣Ǽһ͸һ㣬˵ô죿
̾ðɣҵĴߣֻѻ˵ٸʱܡ
˵꣬Ҫߣʱ˵ʱеæ㣬ƣһҪԼΪҲΪ衣
ˣ͸˵Ůиҹ𣬲֮䷢ʲô£֣£ܲǼٵİɡ
Ʋ̸£ֱӸӳ˵ӳҸʯ˵
°ʯѾˣϵ飬Ϣ֪ͨġԺɳģҪٷ壬Լ֪Լ˵ǲʵñô㡣
û뵽ʯؾȻѾߴӳˣֻҪʼ˾ͺãеϵͳһҵˡ
ҵĴʱֻǲŶѡ
ʯȻԼĲȫߴӳˣ켾ƵĴţȥ鿴˵Ƶ·ҲʯӦòµû̻־˵ӦþǼơ
ʱʵ죬䰲л𾯣˵ǲ㣿
ʹʱһΣԥƬ̾͵ͷˣңʱҼ³çûҳϣҲ֪Լȷʵ̫³çһֱԼԼ
ͷûµĳ嶯Ž³çƺܳ嶯ÿγ嶯ˣ˾ˡ
һο˵ģ
һ㶣ԼʯرϹֶܸ̻ԵϺţ䰲¥
˵ģ˻᲻󵼵飿
ûУֳģҾֻҪеĻһ飬ûйɣӦҵЩ
üȻѾ˽̻ʱ˵ΪʲôҪϺأֳ
ٸʵףӳҾҵĹɲҪģһĳֹɣĲҪҪһĴݻ𡣡
û׷ʣЩר˴㰲Ĺɡ
ܰĹȷʵû취ٲ顣
ֹܣȥʯʵûҵɣȴڣӳҲڣǺټ£ӳڸжӳһݼ١
ҲӾҪȥμӱˣһ㲻ĸԼûϵ¡
ƻ治ţѶȶ˵⣬ֻҪ͵һھȫԲ
ĽĲУһҪһԣͲ
꣬治ģ츳
һ˵ôôأ
ѵˣȥʳóԷʱûʯأҲ̫ˣһݶӣжӳǲٵġ
£ûԶ٣ܸڷϴƽ֣ʮֿģˣ˶Ϣһѵʳȥˡ
ϲ¹ķֻгɫͺɫΪ󲿷ǺɫΪڻۼ۵ȵطϳɫĳ֮ͬС죬ûַ
ƿۻϢˣѣֱװҡ
ʯزڣӳӣȥСϤܸߵϻǶųƼֱըˣô£ûô
СҵҲίЩҵͲͣҵ˷춢ҵЩҵе³λȥֱͣԼ¥
Ǹƽ۵Сγմ˰ѶųĳֱƷӽ̻ΪмƵİæ⳵̧ʮɡ
ͨŽ¥£ƾסˣȻǱң
Ҳˣôƣ𼱣ֿ϶µġ


 38 

Ƕ, ʮָĺܿ, ھ˵ûܳ, Ǿ˵ͱҲߡ
ʱŶѾʼ, Ҷ׶༪, ֧Ԯ´Ӵȥļȴ˱΢ĿĻһĺӻܿ޳Ұ
ֱ˳, 䣬档
Ѿιȥ, ȥ, һһ߿޺š
ʱʮָлѵ, ܺܿİһһСȳȥ
Ӧʱĵһ£ս, 첲Ҳ, ǿ۽ӹ˺ӡ
ԽԽ, װԽķӻԽÿ, ҲֻܿסҪյ¥£ư˾ȳȥֳȥվأ
ԣ, ûˡ
һȥ֪ˣڼȥĶˣ֪ģ˵ϲĸӣҲûôôأ
ʱˮĹЧѾܿˣΧĻˣ¥ˮߣսƾͿһɫӰһһôܣղʱûб˰
գղû
ʲôˣ
ʹΣҲʲôû
ˮջһ˽ȥ㲻˵ûôܣС컨
ƹ˲ϽͣҲһЩҾϻûĻֱӰʽ˸飬ûˣȻȥ̨ͨţȻˡ
ƵʱӦҲǱŵģȻӦÿȥ̨ϡ
Ǻ𣿿ôͻȻôƵжˣ
Ǵӳȥģſǵˣ¥ҲУ̨ţôƾղˣ
ΪʲôǱң֪Լ֪Ĵڣ֪ԼͬĸĽܣ
ܣƾԼ̫ˣʮֿ϶ղžԲǻþļǸˡ
Ⱦҵ㣬Ȼڿɳϣ
һ̻Ҹ׾ڿճɻҵɳ
û̵ɳ϶
ѵ
ֱӴ죬ǱȴһֱͨС
ԱھӾ͸ǽأ϶ҵŮˣֵ̲ģϴ˵Сǰ̣Ҷ¡
վжӦû̻̾ҸȻ󱻺ӵɳϣͲܼƵˣ˻ȥʱ裬ֻٴθ̾ϰʲô񰡣Գ̵ŮûƫСӵ飬Ȱʵǹݡ
ȻЩûʲôϵϴǶʮСʱͣĵůûϨͷֶ˺ˣѵЩⶼɵģܲһֱڵⷢɡ
ضӵ·ϣִʯأӳֿˡ
ʯͳϸַϵ
ȥ׹ǲĻ֣Ҳ⡣
³ȥָָһȻȥ·Ȼٰ쵼ŵ
ȼƵſʱŽӵĵ绰ƣллԭΪ
һûؽοƶֲֻαǼֱǱĲҾ徰
һһԭΪʲôҵĹ˭ҶȵģлңҪллӰɡ
˵͹˵绰ЩԼ裬֪ҷŻ𾯸ĻҲΣˡ
ֱӸ˵СĻ֣϶ᱻʯô˵ɡ
ʯذһ칫ֻˣֳ
ֳһƽ֣еܳλֳӲߣʮ꣬˺ݵܾ񡣸ľûв֪λֳģǽ¶ܴƷӢۡ
СҴоֶʾл㣬ҲԶҲֲݻ𷸡
˿ҵˡ
ܽĻֶǷֿģԭ򣬾ȻʱûʧûҪĽ̡
û˰ЩַһȥڣڼһǷһһŷִȥ꿪ʼ¾һһĻ֣ǰһεĹɣҶ˱󲿷Σһǽ̻֣һξǰԺֻȫûġ
ֳʣС̻Ҳȵ˶𣿡
ƿʯأͷѾʯ˵ˣûҪ
ֳ˵Сܰ˵ģǸϣε£˸ѣԺеĻֶҪиݿ⣬ֻҪйɾͿԿ
û뵽ôߣ˵ֳĻСҲ˺ˣ첻һ
ûͻȻ˹ɡʯ˵꿴ۼƣѵ֪˼ƿˣ
üпܣΪͬĸĵܼܵңȻûҲûȷʵǸѪԵϵˡ
ֳһ˵ʼˣ
ҲҾô췢ҰɣֻǿӰȻʯ˵ˣǻûпʼѾ𣿡
ֳ̫̾ˣ֮ǰѾ˴󲿷ֻ𳡵ļأȻһֳ߲壬ΧǿԿģȥҲҲȥļƵ˵ӻ𳡳ˡ
⻰ͻȻ뵽ԼĿռ䣬ҲҲĿռ䣬һȥٴӿռó·ãȷ걻˵ľڶռûٳȥ
ֿܽ͵ͨҪô˵û˻ŵġ
ǰҲú֣ˣܹȥȴҲˣԵһҸʯ˵ҵĻþ֪ȷʵһݻǾ֤ȷʵһˡ
ֳ廹ʯѾ۰ˣҲѾ׼ȥ̾һҵݻ𷸡
ΪղŻʯضۺܸߣҲ뼾ƼС飬ʱˣȴеԥˡ
ôС˵ôֻݻ𷸶ѡ
Ǹ̾һһҪҵҵ֮䣬ÿһŶҪǿѲԴСļǻᰲ˱ģ㿴Ϣһʱ䣬ǡ
æҾòûзңҶӦðͰţŲݾߡ
ʯ̾Ѿݾˣ˹ɣ壬һ
ֳ˵ҲûдƣֻСģɣǳ˱Сļˣ̾С
һ±ƣĲҪͺˣһֱӴţһѵһ񣬸Ҫ
ֳҲҪܵҾͲμ˰ɡ
ֳĻȥ䣬òμˣҵݻ𷸣Ľ¿ҪĽ¹ٶˡ


 39 

ֵ, ԴʼһҲûз, ƶҪڲԱ, Ҳûи
ÿһһݶԱҲ߶Ƚ䱸ÿֽͣ, ֤κεطʱһʱϹȥ
Ʊͦ, ˭֪ûоڱ뻹û࣬Ҫְ, ԼˣҲ޹ϵ
ֹܱȻűл, ʱֻǻ, ڶͳԺ, ˵֪ǼƾȵĻı˵ŵĻ𣬻˵ĹϵҽԺ¿, ֪Щ˸̾ϰϹ
Լ˵, ıְ, ˭Ҫȡ
Ʋ, лģֺ̬ãԱôܲأмʱͱӭӳ칫ˡ
ƹȥ󣬱̬ȸ, ǵлοʣñ㡣
ϴξͶԼУﱻȵȻϲˣ˹н㡣
òԼ֣˵֣ǵ߸Ǳģû뵽˴ó
ղŻлأֶ֣ҽԺ˵ôڣƶ֪ʲôɴĬš
迴ۻ壬æ˵£ȥʩӣһҰŮʿ߰ɡ
˵ҲȼƻشֱӾˡ
ѩ𣬳Ҳȷʵͦģվһ֪֪ԼĹϵ˵˽£Ǻôһ
ѩü£
ư֪Ķ𣿡
Ҳˣ
ѩͷֺȥҽԺң±ǮˣȻٸ绰һֱûӡ
ƶԼ첻ʧܱˣʲôôҲӰɣǲѩ飬ѻ˵Ѹѹ̶һ²𣬾Ȼֱʧ٣
ҲæɣǰҲڸҲˣȻҲҪˡ㿴ڶܻȥ裬Сʱļ٣ô֪Ķ
ѩеСƣҸ绰Ҳӡ
ʵڲ֮¡
ɴǸˣﲻ㡣
ʵҲûѣϰ˰
ѩﲻԼϾͲЦˣڷˣҸסķֲӰô
ε̯̯֣ôҲûϵ
أҵõ𣿡
ǶˣʲôңŮʿҰӦò᲻ǣҰ˵ǺŴűģûǰôģ˵ӾӦҲ°ɣߵСķӦ˱յģôô죿ϵ÷ԺҲУǱȥ衣
ѩһ㵱Ըȥ𣿡
ˡ
ȥѩûģҪϵ㡭
İɣ£ûϵҲϵҵġ
ѩҲЩգ޷޵Ҫιıˡ
Ȼʱƻ칫ӳǶŽҲ̫˰ɣ˭ܽ
ŹֲǸǾٶֱˣл㣬˵һܲý𣿡
Һ裬ҾҰֽ˻ҲҺ裬ֻҰֵӣӳˣԺҰֺˡ
üС֪裬˱ֶʧͲǸ㣬ֵŮѸӣͲ𣿡
һû⣬ҪûзһĻ֣ҲûзΣգѾǻɴˡ
ҲѩҵĻָûйϵȻǸˣ߹ȥĺܿ죬һ˰㿴ˣʶΧˣſôѩҡ
üڻʲô
Ʋ룬ûУҾ˵ҵĲ²⣬Ҳˡ
̾ʯӳһʼҲôģÿǳϵˣΪһǰǸȥҰСŪָʱҾͶ֪Ĺϵˡһжӵ˶һ飬ȷʵûʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǶͳһжٶСʱģݼٵҲм¼
Ǿͺá˿ҲǺԼˣǰ˵Ϊ˵ӢȷŻȻȥȻջлͳݣԱ̫ˡ
ֵȷʵݾˣֻʱ߾ɡ
ǰ߾裬ûİ취ָоץ֪иݻ𷸣ҵĹɣȴֲˣҪȵʲôʱȥ
ƴӻ칫ҳϸ˸绰ҲԼϰְ
û뵽绰ܿͨˣƣû°ɡ
ʲô£ŮѸҶ˵Ҳ㡣
̾æ֪ˣһźһеġ
ûʣ˵绰û¾ͺãѩ¸ϵûУֻϣ˲Ҫͺá
ȫһֱûиΪ쵽أһǿѲ߸ĳ˳ǿһ¶˵һʱϵ
ͻȻҲӺ;ַӳú˾ˣ״̬ǺͻȻĶŰѻٳ֡
ȻŵӻùƲȥμӱֻڶѵÿ춼յĪͶʳʱȻҲ³ʳġ
հɣ͸ȫ򣬼û취ֻܻЩɸһʿˡ
Ͼ͵ˣɴھСӻͷγ̲λھȥǱ֧̣ǱߵóԣʱҪ
ƶֻС׶ˣȷҪֻһֻԲ갡֪ҪǮ𣿡
ֲǲǮġһúл㡣
СŴӦ
ƴһֻԼҳԣһֻʣֻǸĪģƽʱܳ˼ҶԵҲõﲻ̫ãǾˡ
켾ƽĪһȥʱ˷ܼˣԼһԷÿٶ£ΪҪȵˣû뵽ôͻȻǾϲ
ξװģһЬͬС죬Ҫ죬ּˣ磬Ҫȥ𣿡
û
ξʣһƲˣôŮΪߵ㶼ģһΪǺԣҪ¶أʲôʱ۰迴
Ī뵽һֱҵľͱҵˣҺпܳΪɩӣЦ϶ģһһ
һǴ𣿻ģأҸ˵Բǵģ㲻һһɡ
Īϵ˱ǿҫ۶ˡ
˼˵ĵطԼһƾȻǣֻСվĶء
治ϲˣﶼ˲һ˶èƾȻҪ
ϹȥСͷɰߣҰͻؼҡ
γ̲򣬿ڣ̻óԡ
Ī
治ϲ˰


 40 

Īһװĵĳȥ, һζĻֻС, ˵ξ, 趼ɵˣ, ʲôð̸, ôԼȥˣ
͵ġ
ĸôӵͻ򣿡
ξ֪ȥǸʲôȥˣŵȥŮ, 裬Ͻ, Ů̫˼, Ȼѻ򡣡
̫̫һʮ˷, Ůˣˣˣʲôģ
ĪԼŮ, Ӧ, ͻ, 绰, ˣǹظòż๤ü๤Ҳòȥ
ǰӵ
һôҲû˭ӵңȥ⡣ǸƯŮԱǹһͼֽ, Լࡣ
̫̫ĴʱûԼĲ²˵
Ī֪ԼѾʼŮˣӸʦ˰죬ʸԱʲôʵݡ
Ǹߴϵ͸ԱǵͷǳӵصĶ͸⣬صеĹȯ
ûܾûܾ
Ʋ֪ⶼͷĹͣʮջȥһСʱ裬˭뵽Ȼ˲ԱһӹϦʱֵĳһ٣ܳٳĿһ߽䱸һ߾Ͱˡ
Ϧϣʯۿķų˺һ𴲣·ûмųȥȿ˿ǳϦ
ѵϣһӵĶԱѾк˶ӣ͵ˡ
ʯǵһվ￴жӣȻһ֣Ҷùֵֹģ־ЦԭӳҲʱ򰡡
󳯼գգۣƵһۣϹNɪʲôûӳɫ쳣֣û׼Ҫء
ʯشͷļһȥһֱβĹΣѴҶ÷ëˣ˵ǳϦһһ죬幫ԽҰɡ
Ȼû飬ɽɢˣƲŸ˵ӳ᲻˵Ǵһһͷһ죬幫ӭɡ
ֻЦˣ潨Цξ˵ܣӳԽҰԽǹʱԽ³£뱣
һֱǰߵʯҲ֪ûȵ幫÷̵ĵطʯùδӷأԼˡ
˵õıأ
Ҳе±ƣӳôˣҾ㲻һܣҲֻܷ
ȥ·ϸˣʣӳ쿴źе㲻̫Ծ
ҲôţǲΪز˼ң
ӳҲûعҰУ˷żٵʱŵʱôΪ鲻á
ǾǱ߻ˡ˵⻰еС飬ϾӳӳܶӦͦãûңߴð˴˵һûС
һ裬Ҫ֣صи
ƻе棬֪ӳǰŮΪʲôֵ𣿡
ʾ󲿶ӣȻ˵ȥûʱ򣬶һλΪոģ˵˭ҲûϢݲʱӳŮѷҲΪ¡
üŮ£뵣ˣ
ǣǰλգӳոȥ죬ŮҲҪȥĹǰ˵ʲôʵĻ
ŮɵҲ˼Ĺǰ˵ʲôʵĻɡ
˭֪أҲֻǡɣǷˣ˵Ů֣һֱҹϵ˰Ѷӳ˴ӳͲóˡһֻһӳѲûˣӳ˵ʸɴķˡ
̾ԭǶӳҪֵģҲûƭǱ˰ԱҶġ
ɽʯؿų̫ҫµӣ鸴ӣվ˵Ǿ仰Цǰϲĺϲ
Ƶʯص£ӷϦףʱֱӷ͵ĵʯƬҪ˧𣿸㿴񣬹ʱҪʵĶǵøλ˧Ű
һ˷ҿԵģҡ
˴Ȥ䣬Ҳû棬緹󣬱ԱͶˣ̰ԼµֻҲˣһˣô԰
ֻ߿ʦָ¿ʼӡ
һӳ˶ӻȥˣԽʱԽ׳£ǼûֻҪ˶ϽϴϴȥææҪľζ
ʱˣҵ裬裬лл
̾еˣҪǲĻֻŮѵҪǳȥžȸèģˣһֱҪеţЩ˵
˵иҪأСؿۼƣưһ
е裬˵Ҳ̫ϵ˰ɣŮкˣҲѾ˻飬ΪʲôҪԲڶֵĲ𣿡
ƣ֣ȻһֱæҲûǷʲô
Դ֪ϰкӺ󣬾;ڵЩӶȥĺˣһ˽ӾͿеڶֵⷢģҪûأڹû׼ﻹŸûֵĸĺء
Щ²ڳ˵ӿʱˣ˲ٳԵģڷõӲ˻вټưԵʳ
ô˼û˼Ȩɡ
û뵽ǣϴھҽҲˣ촩һȹӣʮƯ
ƸкҪʦ½ӣͼΰˡ
θû뵽ҽһߣôˣҿû㡣
ʯӳҵģôҲ𣿡ҽҲûˣԼȻ룬ʲôë
һʯģסѵӳ׷ҽеɥҪʯس֣Ծûʲôˣ֪֮еġ
һ룬Ҳ̫ˣ˼ҽԼ⣬Ҳ⣬׷ȴϧΪ˼ҺãϹ˰ɣ㲻ϧ˻ϧ
Ȼ֪ԼĴŴˣʯصе㲻ԣʯӳ֪ҽȴ׷ģǵǰ˵ֹһΡ
޲۰ȻˣޣҲаֵ֪ϲĻҪ׷ӳеݰ
°أﱻݹһӣ͹ȥ
Դ˶֪ΪŤתŮô£һֱææȥſ쿾õȫˣԽǿ쿾ʱԽҪ۴ĶţȻתһ׽
һתſһ棬ҶϽˣҲں߿Сʱһտʱڣġ
ֻĻ䣬ǼֻʱҲ˹ȥӹĵƿȥӵ绰û뵽绰һͨǱ߾һ䣬֣ʲôʱ


 41 

ǸԵ, м֣
ƾˣϰֺţ, мңҲţ, Ȼƾղ²⻹¶ˡ
ֻܸ
⸸Ů˶ԷһĶӽ, üۼֿѵƿץˡ
Ůִӻץһ, æ֣˵˰ɣһƿӵ͵, ôôСġ
Ƶû£һ¶ȶû, Ůպڻӹ, Ȼһ¶ûУ
ֲ, ʮ𾪣ƾԼĶܿ첢û, ûб¶Լ, ӻΪԼĵ绰, ͳ
, û£ҲңôأҪĸ¾͸ϽȥɣϦģ˼ҲҪ, ҾͲˣݳƷ
ƣǲǡ
ǲǵĸʲôϵ
̾ӹĽӣְ־ԸԲ
ڶᷳˣҲеԹԣʲô治ΪʲôҪװأ
鲻ô˱ȥ¥ᣬһͿθҽǶͷͷ˵ʲôȻΪҹչ١
ûջĪ˹Ľˣ
û˵ĽǣʲôЦ;˵ƽ
ĪҲǵֻл⡣
ǵȫҡƻǾעʲǣˡ
˭뵽ſһզզ磬ˡ
һüãûԱȻͷһʶ
Īʶξôˣ
ܣʮҪοʣҸжλ϶ϰ࣬ˣϽü
ξȻ³ĪŮӣҲΪںڻϣ벻˻ڽ̾ȹˡ
Ⱥ￴ǼƻСأƿе죬Ķţ
̫̫ξǿ̫࣬һ۾ȷ˶ӵλ
ΪҼμҵ˺Ǳ߿⻹֪ʲô˼
ӿԣûڷе衣
̫̫ţѼƽйأˣͼʳŵŵŵģȫ壬ʮĹ͹ʣЩˣʱͻȻԼϦ͸ˣû𾯻˵˵˵ĸȶ˿ǶˣǵˣҪ
һ𾯣һ壬ʲôоڼݼٻأⲻ
û˲Ͱ&&
̰ȥοֻˣǱߵܽͷˡ
һʲôҲ˲ˣ˵ָкϽˡ
ĪţԼˣɴƵĸĸ˵ûʽʼ̸Ҳˣҳ棬Ժ˵Ǹ
˭뵽ôˣ̵״̬ȻҲʺϼİ˺ѣ̾´ΰɡ
öˣЦʣǼҲϦôܵˣ
̫̫ӵҲûʲô壬ȻȥȻģеԥʱ˵ⲻ̫ףʲôʱοʲУ죬֪æңͰؼңһ˵ء
忴Īʱ;λܸСûϷ㿴ɣ⻹ûĶأľѾܿˡ
Ī뿪Ц˵ҲǼҲö˵ҲˣżҲûãҲкûؼҡ
ؼҵ·ϣ̫濴ˣ𣿡
ξʱҲµˣ磬˵ŮռŮǾǵǸ˰ɣҼǵô죬ˣҶ˵漣ء
Īͷͼˣ裬ǾҸҸľˡ
̫Įкܶ෨ӣǷҪ˵ȷԼĸǰû׼Ǹм֮飬һƯŮľ㣬ʱָ˽ĳ嶯ֳ嶯ǿ⣬Ϊĳ嶯£̫ˡ
ĪȻ֪ԼƵĸԴںδһʼ϶ΪĹ˽⣬Ī֪ñ񽥽˽ӴĻᣬУЩȻ˵裬Ҳû˵
ֻǵǲٵʲôģ˼Ҽƻûء
Ƹȥ´ߣǸƬȼ̻ȼС֡
˻ѾˣʯؿһڵĶԱŴҺһ֡
µһ꣬Ӳûж仯Ҫ˵еĻСĸĹٷ˿ߵ¥ҲҪˡ
üڵŵĺ˾ʧһҲûֹ
ʯؼʣ͵ģֵܻģü
ӳŲͨ˿Ŀռ䣿
Ű֮治У̽Ķ
Ҳ˵˵ҲǸҲһпһԶܵĿռ䡣
Ϊʯػû뵽ֻ΢ЦؿǱе棬ֺ˵࣬ҿűࡣ
ɰѼ˵òᣬӳڸ⡣
ʯ̯̯֣һԶܵĿռ䣬˻Ͷռ䣬ûٳ
ֿ벻ˡ
ʯصͷĲ²еҲЩ²⣬ҲˣҲ˲ƣҲҪݻֻҪʱͿȼȼƷ
Ŀܿװ̵̺λֶǵҲǸԣҪԼֵ𣬡ӳҾ˼·
ƣ뵱̽Ͼ˭ץݻ𷸣ǴķֻǰȥҲ⣬Ͼܻụ̂㿴Ҳ⣬ܲһ㣬ԪǶԪ
ۣʯӳȻԪԪһֱһˡûбأղʲôȻºˡ
Ǻǣһ㡣
ǼʯعԵ˵ҪͷʱˣӳæţȥԷˡ
ʯؿſٴֹϵţЦˣơ
ܺл᲻֣ӻһĹţ˸ûȥμȫıȻܲ⣬Ҳؿ䡣
ҵԺ࿴ʱŵ㣬Ⱥ˵ˣٲμӱһҪøھ
ֱ̾Ĺھ˵ĺܼ򵥣Ըʤ
˵ҲҲ˰ɣҲѾӴܵʡУԾŸ⡣
һ˵͵İɣ뵽ģ벻ҵʱȫӶ·ļһҪݻ𷸡
ŷģֻҪģһ㶼ıԼĹɣֻҪ֣һץġ
ѵ˸¥иҽԺǸϹȥʱƾȵطҪ¥ľȻĽģ


 42 

Ľվں޷Ĵҡҡ׹, ԷںһѪɫû, Ƿʲô
ڰ༶Ⱥһ, û֪ʲô£Ͼ, ȰȰɡǼԵ, ǷֻĽΪʲô¥һð֪, ҲԼĵҲ̼ɡ
ӳҿһǱܿ, ͬѧ
Ҳϳ, ǸŻⲣ, ƺеìܣҿڳŰ, ǼС
, ƲȥҲûʲôӰ, ʯصͷͬ, û뵽˼ĽĿξ˼ƣأô˵ˣҿ֣ҵ֡
˵˵žͿʯȰʱ, ͵һ̧ͷأл˵
ƴͨɿЦֻܹȥĽģǸʲôл˵𣿡
ƣ֪ʼ׷ҵʱһظˣѧҾͱȲ㣬ĶȲǸϲ㣬ŮҲϲ㣬ʦҲϲ㣬ôŬɼǲãһǲѧ𶼲ûˡ
ʼ׷˭е㲻õԤУѦɡ
ʵҪĽʱʱ˵Щֻƻû£ʵ˵˲ûʲô𣬲ǻ࿴˳ۣҲֻǾۻʱһΣʱһ㲵վ˵Щеᡣ
ĸоʦͬѧΪ¸˵û˵;˼ҸϲңĽģǶСˣôɣ̸ʲôͨͨ˵Ҹӳһרòã
ʲôãĽֿҪˣȻҪ˵ҵĴҲ䵱裬ҪǲһȢҡ
Ļֱˣ䵱裿⻰ӦҪĸλҲǰѰɣ
㻳Ѧĺӣ
ǰҵʱһ󣬻ʲôʱһҪ֪һˣ㣬ѡûѡ㡣ԭҴˣ㲻ҪҼˣȻֱˣҶ֪ҪҪˣѻˣƣǲΪˣҵıӦԲԣ
ʲôӦ˼룬Ѽ䣬¶ʲôʱˡһǸ쵰ٰ¸ߴңԶ
ʱѾƵĽˣסĽľ͸һѦ塣
Ľľ˵꣬ҽԺرæЩԲ˶ڹʱҽԺϸˣֵ˼࣬ˣҲİ֪˾ָң˵ɱ˺ӡ

Ľ˵أӺ߿ûзۿҪˣ¥ͻȻ˺һĽģʲô𣿡
Ѧ壬ƶˣ粻⵱ⲻȻĽٴμѦ壬㲻˦𣿲˵ɱ˺ҽ㿴ҪҽԺ֪ǸʲôҪѡ
˵žˣæȥס֣첲ܹˣǺˣһ˿˺ˡ
۵֣ʯظһ߳Ľ
ĽĴʱѾŵ˵ʱͦģһվקҲŵòᣬƳסˣû˰ûˣҲѣ˼ֻֻһ޶ϵαأ϶ҵõġ
Ľıżƴôôأôأء
±ѦأɫΣƣҸ֮ᣬҵġ
Ӷ˶ˣ˵ᣬԼϰ־˶𣬲ܾҲ
ƨĺҪģƾʲôָģΪҲۺӣܹȥԼҿǾǺʵĽдǰ;˼ңȺˣʤ̫ǿһڹϣֲĸˣɴΪڸ֣Ѧ壬ҽˣҶʮСʱȽϺãԹ˼ҾΪġ
ôһ˵ĽҲعˣʵһʼȷʵѦϵģͬѧۻ˵ŭˣּƺѦʧˣҪѦƣ뵽ݽȥԼ
ųĬƺĬ˼ָѦ壬ԼǸɵӣΪ¥ӽˮ˰ɡ
ΧһԵʯط⼾ôôء
ҪҪ㼸Сʱļ٣˽´á
ʲôôģ˸ϵ󣬶ĽĵļѾˣתͷĽģҪҿɣ㲻ܸҶʤ𣿰˺úùҲƵ㣬ΪһҶ㡣
ĽĿЦ˵Ķԣİɣˡ
˵꣬лƿ̫ڣĿмܲס
ư󣬡ˣҪˡ
ȫûѦһۣöģĽĵļҳŪǼСΪʲôҪɱϹȥѦȭߵš
񾯹ȥȰ˵ƳûʯسˣʼǰôôϹôһеġ
ʯ˵С𼱣ô֪ůеĿɹأԺҪϧ
ƱĻŪˣʯôͻȻͲˣϴ˵ԪԪθůж֪
Ȼ˿֪ܶЩʣһҲʯصԸǺ˵ְο˵Ļ
ûʲôͬҲ˵ƣҿܾͲǴȫҶ˵˭ļأ
ƺһӳ£μӳϦʲô˼ҸǸ¥Ѵӳú޲ø¡
ȥǷ㣬ʦ׼˲ٳԵģźأƴ绰ֱӹˣղѦĽĵϰֵĸ޲ðϰҲˡ
ôҲôˣȻʯؾͽӵ˼ĵ绰ʯӳƽӵ绰
ʯضԶԱļ˶չˣӵĵ绰ȴˣֻˣҲ¶ȣãһ¡
û뵽Լϰ֣ȻִʯֻϣǸ˵û±ʲô°
绰û˵֣Ҹ㡭
Ǳ߼ЩǣưҪҲҪʵţһǴӳкġ
£ʲô󣿲Ų񣿹ؽ
֣ʲôҪǴӳҷźûꣿ
̾ѵؽ͵ǣҳ˵£ҵΣգ֮𣿡


 43 

ϰֳ˵, һͷˮһоܳʲô£Ӱ쵽ţѵǵʲô˲õ, ±˱
רŴ绰עⰲȫ
, ʲô£ҲСˣʲôҺòá
̾, 鷳, ʵţȼ̸˵͹˵绰
Ǹʲô
ղ˵ӳ˵, Ǵӻ᲻֪Щʲô
ҴҰѷ꣬ȥҴӳ, ҲĪ, С, Ҿֲ㣬ǽȱ, Ҳһ
ʲô, , ţ
ƺȥҼ, ôһ£û취ȥͻȻæ
ֻǺӣеŶæʱʮ֣Ӷƣڱ, ۲ˡ
ƾ̫ˡ
Ϊмֽģȷʵ׷֣Ҳڴ䣬ɽĹء⼸һֱС겢صֳ̳ǵʹò
ôæһܳ˻𾯣ȴڰ칫д棬ּ¼
ﲻˬʲôĪͶʳ˵ӰĪҲûѴĲͺиСľˡ
Сİ＾ƴ򿪲ͺУȰϽԷɣųôƲڵ𣿡
Ȼˡ˵̾
ķ˴ЩҲ˵ʲôǷҲԹɣû
Ϊϰֵһ绰Ͳ񣬻Σ˵ʲôΣգʲôΣֲ˵˭
Ҫǽķ֣ܾЩйϵȥ𳡣ô֤
ʯҲæҪҲˡ
ƳڷԽԽʵ̲סˣȥһ塣
չ˵绰ƾŽӳҰֻҵļֲǶ쵼ΪʲôҪΪɵһ绰͹ҽգҸ񡣡
忴̾߰ɣҴȥ֡
һ㶣
ʲô㲻һֱ˵Ҫʸ߰ɡ˵׸Կ׳˰칫ҡ
Ƽæϣӳǲ֪Щʲô˵˵Ұֲҽҩ˾Ĺʲô£
ɫأ𼱣ǶȻ˸͡
ƻûϰֵĵλź¥ͦɵģԴƼƶûʲôӡϰ˵˵ҽҩ˾ЩҲȤûʹ
ʱɻˣϰĹ˾ְܵʲôأ
Ż嵽˶¥İ칫ʱϰֻˣһֳһǲԴܣúĳӰǣʣֲʣ֮λ˾ܣֻ쵼
ƿֳͲµϰָҵݻйϵôأ뵽Ǹ绰ӵԶ󿪣ѲǸݻϰֵ˽
Ҳ̫Ѫ˰ɡ
󣬿ϰһۣûдк쿴ŮдΣû뵽һŮǣ
ֳ˵С˵οǸݻ𷸣һЩӰ㿴ǲ·
һѾҵˣ
ңزһƵƵһźɫ·ڷȥЩꡣ
һ·͵ͷûҲ֪ʱǲˣҸҿ϶·ȫԵϣ˴ľ·һʹӳû·
ֳܶһۣ̾˿ƸǺ棬˭Ѿҵ𣿡
ǶƵǱڷģ϶Ѿҵ˰ɡ
ҡҡͷʧˡ
ʧ٣Ѱζѵ֮ǰҲʧٹһֱǵĿ¡
⵽ô£ʵ̲סˡ
ֳһҪȫеüʿǽͰɡ
Ҳˡ
Ƹ嶼ԽԽңˣͶż죬Ľ͡
̾弾ƵƣЩû°ɡ
̯̯֣Ҿ㿴𣿸ղ·Ҹ˸绰Ҳõĺܣ֣ô£ʱˣϽ˵𣿡
˵ʱһѧУν̣Ҹһȥԭ˵﷢֣Ҹſһ·Ҳû֡һǿǣʱŮԱ˵ſҪԸû뵽ٶȺܿ컹ֱģԶΨʵǸǶŻɢӣǻֱǲԶİɽϡǵȷûΣ˲Źȥ鿴ֳһˣʯѹţȫȴкǺʯƿ˾˳
˵Сĵؿ˼һۣѹھȻ֣ҽаְ֣ҵʱǸְһšʱϵ״ĺܲңҽԺͻȻȥְο˵ְ£ϵҽԺ
Ƹ췽ҹ̷һֵôʵ
ǸѾĶôģ
ֻ˵˭뵽ʧˣҽаְ֣Ұοͳʼļ䡣кܶصĵطҲҲκ֤߬һ䣬DNA֤˸ϵǻǾְ֣߬ǵ㲼ֳȫҲڹĺۼǲҲˣֱӽӴ¸ٵʯᷢʲô˭Ҳ˵塣
ʵݻ𣿡
ڰ֣ǹݻģҸղ˵ˣкܶصĵطҪоһ£ֶҺΪְ֡
üѵûнĬΪʱ˵úأ˺ǲӦðе඼𣿡
̾ƣ鲢ûô򵥣ǼϵǲǸԭһСеȾĴֲǸ״⣬ʱ˴͵ɣְӦ͵ģݣͱǲ
Ǿ࣬Ϊϵ֮Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ĹעȴǼϵ·͵ģôо﹫˾б
ʱܴ߽ӳµûǹ˾ȷʵ˽ӪģˡҲ̸ҿԸλ֤ǵĴֻΪΪ񣬰ȲѣΪصǵĹֻǸҡ
üҲܲңѵǼɵģʧˣ±Ҫţ
϶Щֶ֮ʲô
춢Ů۾»𡣡
ȻϦҹһ𾪣ҲʱȷʵҲ˻𣬵Ϊ۲˾ûʶԼ֪Ҳ»ˣ
Ҫôأ


 44 

ü첢ûе׷ʼ⡣
Ķ, ͳƳĻֶŵ𣿡
̾ҸղŲ˵, ǹݻ𡣡
뵽Ņ߽̀°˵һʱͲ, ʲôǹݻ𣬾ŵĻҲ, Ѭǰľ
Ƹʱ, ܿһǹȥŻŸ͵ɵģ˭뵽ôùʯ, ʯҪִܣȻǡɱⱳ﹫˾ֵС
ٿҲȥ޹˰, ǰ, Ժϵ, ôһĻôܲŻ
췢쳣, ŮǴ, ̾, , ʱߵĶڸ״̬׾ͻȼȼƷ
Ȼ֪ܻΪʲôܺá
̾ˣ֮ǰǸ֪ȥһϢʱ, û˻ȥҲܳȥĻΧǻ
쿴Ůûһֱûȥֱֳ㱨˺ˣ֮Ǹ˭֪ǰͻȻʧˡ
һȺ˶Żʧƾ˿϶пռ䣬׼ʳڿռ˭ҲҲ
ǵ׶ʲôҸҿ϶Żģô򵥡
쿴һۣͷ˵ڼƤǿַΪЩطȱʧƤ·Ա˿ڡ
æֵģ˿ǿԼϣƤܿͻָҲԼͬʵġ
Ʋ֪ô£֪ôԼϰˣûΪǸأñʵ飬˵ôȻ治ֻô򵥡
쿴ŮպܺȻ£ʼƵôһ£סˡ
ܾ͵ʵ£ȷʵǼƽԼϵģǶϣӦҲ֪ЩĴǶôһԻ˵ƤգԺѡԱְҵǰͿѡٺܶ
˵ſۼƣƲûζֻɵƽ
üϰ֣֣ɥʧ˼䣬ͳ䵱ϰ֣֣ȻȰʵ飿Ȼ˵ȫϵģҪϣôء
̾Ϊ˹ȷʵԲסǺӣҲչ˵úܺáϲ̸£һֱܰôҲ벻ܳȥ¡
ҲЩ﹫˾յ˵ΪƤȱʧҪɫ˵СɣܵˣҪо⣬ǲ̫ˣ
ʲôǲģȻǻ⼸Ĵ𶼸йϵǾ͸Ͻҳɣ࣬еƣڱµģǵûܣѪ֮ġ
Ļ̾˭Ҳ벻ģƽԼʮΣӣϣڻֳƽȰ֡
ƲЦô˿֪ôȥģֳҵЩֶıͻߵôȥأ
˵ô죿ܵûģȴ뼾Ƹ̸ŵƣʵֻǸӣҳߵĺӣľҵȰ
ԼǸˣôҲ̸ϺӰɣѲϰֻˣ
üڻҵȰ֮أҲ˵ˣû취ֹ֪ôģǰȰ֮Ҫ⺢ӲˣҳߣܳȥŻҪô죿
̾˵ȷʵǸ⣬ҲڷƽӦòֻǲ»ܣС˵дһӵĳֿռ䡣
һʼҲôġ
ԼϵܸǲҲйϵ»Ҳ£пռ䣬ҲУŻģǰйӴ
ԼеģӦ˵˵֮أҲƽһСǸмֵСΪƽԽͣʯúɹûнӴʯӴǼƽ
Ҽˣ֪òðԼϷ˵Ҫ˵ܵĻҪҪ˵أ
ǻ
ͻȻס֣ƣǵ㲻һʼĴڣ֪кӣҰ칫ϵƬˣƬҸĺգſʼ
ˣ֪Լ쳣Լ˵̾ϰֶĸġ
˵ļٶ̫󸸰ϣ˸ˣԴӳҲûܵٸء
Ǳˣƣ֪ƫ̫ûֻܸͣѩҽӹʯͼƽͻȻߵģЩֶҸһˣҵʱܾȻɵʲôǣ뵽Ȼ˺ӡ
˵ѩ˼˵ʯܣ㲻Сĸ˸ӣ
ͷԼΪʲô˻ôģֱѪ˷ŭ
ϰֵЩ£һ㲻ŪǼƽĶΪʲôҪŻ
ˣҲ˵ǷּƽѾ꣬йɵһǴȥ·ݷģȥ·ݷʲô
쿴ܣܾͽӹ⣬֪˸һʱͻһŻ̸ʱƭǣҲˣǶʱһûκδ̼鷢
һֱĬĻһʲô鲻ȤƼٷҲܻҪȥֵѺսǼȻѡԱͶ׼ʱҲڴһԼˮ𲻾壬ûЩҲһҪġ
Ҳһֻһ£ƽĶ᲻Ż


 45 

忴, ֣أҾǻ, Ҫ֪ѾλԱ, Ͽҵп, ǳе𣿡
Ҳ, ҲҵȻĻôôҪǡ
쿴ۼƣȻȥǿʯ, ƽе֮ʯйء
ʵ˿ǿʯʯĽѾ˱˵͵, ø֪Ͳȫ, , Ҳ޷ԡ
֪ܶʧʵо˺üҲֻǷƳ˸߼ķ, ǲ֪ôʯϵ, ⲻƽûпռ, ҲץƤë
ۼ, ϣϷʲôϣԼĴŮº޹ϵ
ƸһתתȥһܱյĿռ䣬ﻹһ޴ʯ󵽰ѷռһʯ, ܴ󣬸˱󣬵һʯͷѣжܴⲿŽĵط
Աߵʾ壬ҿϱߵݲŲͮͮһƬTOP
û˼ȥоЩݣߵʯǰִûʲôоĿռҲûκβ
ôԼĿռܸʯͷûйϵǸƽûйϵأ
ߵԣʣʲôо
ûʲôоǾûҪΪʱо͵ɡ
쿴ɫ糣˿ҲԼ̫ˣŮûܣֻԱͻԸǿ˰ɣҲʱǴλֲûյ
Ʋ֪ʲôмƽǰ֮ϰҲ뱩¶Լпռ¡
ܲҲûʲôÿģһ뿪ʯ
ܰѼƽĸƬд·Ӱ񶼸˻壬ǳ鷳ҾԲжΣڻ׷εʱǻϸȫ׷ƽҲϣǡ
üȻϣϽץܰģȻôڰ˭˯ȡ
οصͷЩҪСϵȽ𣿡
֪Ϊʲôֳ˵ҪԼӳ˵ô죬ҪС
ʲôҪСϣֻǸԱֲǾ졣Ȼڻֳ˼ƽҲֻǿһɫӰûн̸֪Ѿ㱨ˡ
ܾЦӣֻЩҪȷһ¡
ȴҾûʲôȷϵģȥæɣӣʱͰˡ
ܻҪ˵ʲôƸɴصûʲôģʲô¾ֱʰɡ
üˣǵ̸ȽϺá
ƶûʲôøУҲ֪׸ʲô̸ģǱӦˡ
챾ȥֹܰѼԱߵİ칫żɽصǲпռ䣿
һʲôռ䣿Ҵѧҵǰȷʵ˷ӷҵ¡
ʧЦ˵ǿռ䣬Ƿ䡣СģҶж⣬һһֱ˶㣬¶ôֱܻ㣿
üʵǾԲ˵ģһСô죿
ȴʣȵǸСŮ˵һ䣿а׹⣿
˵ˣӦֻþˣʱ̶ţʲô䣬ΰɣҪǰû˸ӾȦҸ
̻֣μʱϵķ̺Ǵģ
İ
˵ŴԼӲıֱӰߵĶ˳ϡ
з̺׵֣ŵĹߣȫӰ˵ģõþߡ
û뵽ЩһʱҲǴסˡ
ƾ˵ܣΪЩԭпռҲ̫Ц˰ɡ
ЦЦҲ֪㸸ײܾ̫ΣգŮӸġ֪󣬾ͺܽǣӿʵȡ
ܣǲǾҰ㣬ѾܸռˣңΣʯҸռ䣬ҾȻʱȥ㣿ҿôҲǸ쵼뷨ôôأ
ܿЦôģֻҸ˵Ĳ²⣬ҼȻҸ˵˵㹻㡣ʵһֱ㸸׸ġҷкܶû¼ܡ㸸ңǼƽȻǺͼƽ˼꣬ϵǸûȫھ
Ҳһֱù뵽ܸղ˵Ļü˵Ҹ׼ӿ˽ȣǴʲôʱǲļӿȸĥƽˣ


 46 

̾˿, кܶ²⣬ֻһǺȷ, ƽαװ, ҲأֵĻǺҵ
żƴȥʱ, ʲôⲿ, û˵ʲô£ооȻ˻ס, ҿط͸ùˡ
ƶԴʮͬҲʱĿǺõ, , ûܴӼƽϵõʲô, ƭתô, ǻ˵ǹŻġ
ӳ, ͨռ䵽κεط, ǵʲô壿
̾, ǰʲô취ܰǿʯը˲ɣը˭ܱ֤ܾͻʧ
뵽ԼĿռ䣬ɻȻԼпռ£˭֪ǸŲ, һţ϶˶ġ
صԱѲߣôǲòʮСʱš
ûȥǻغϣ˰٣ϢĪ⼸Ҳ쳣Ըʱˣæʲôôôæ
û˼ģڰ֣ǰæġ
ĪҴҵӣڶԼе
ƻû˼ϽԼĿռ￴û쳣
ᣬϴ˿ռ䣬ռһ糣˿ҲɻˣԼƽһǲ»Ҳпռ䣬ԼΪģѵЩܶ
ǼȻͨռȥ磬ǲǴҲأ
մţǸǰһ߶೤ʱ ͷһȪˮܱߵװ󣬳˿ռ䣬ҵĴǰҲ˵ĶĿռ䣬ͻƽĿռҲˣôܣ
ͷۣȶӹŷԼ緹зûԣҼˣû˼ȥʳã棬ŷʳտҲɴٽռ䣬ߴŲʳ
Ȼƾͷڿռļʳ˶⼸ﶼǷŵδģںüˣ˼С
ΪʵûʲôģƳбҪٽռ䣬󲿷ʱֻǰﵱһֿ⣬Ŷöѡ
ֶˣ˼ƽѵԼĿռģԼöˣ
ϰƷһ飬̺һֽӣӾͲ׼ʺߣ黹濴
ڣǸģװһ˵ĿӣԲ´򿪺߻Ǽƽ˵ʬ壬׳ŵӹȥӴ򿪣Ȼʹ
ķۺ챪ɾɵķۺɫë̫ˣżߵ黹еɫôҲϴСķۺ챪ʱȥȻѷۺ챪·ߣȻˡ
ΪʲôѵǳҲƽйϵ˵˱̹ݻΪʲôҪۺ챪ʱѾ֪ˣְֵٰ֪Ů
Ʊʧõķۺ챪ȴûһ˿˿ϲֻˣֵڰ̽˽԰öŶĸо̫ˡ
˺һҲûдûа취ҲܶʮСʱﶢţ߻Ϊƾʧ𣿼Ƹɴѷۺ챪ȥñд˿ϣƵȪԣ֤˽һ۾ͻῴ
ȻͷʱŽռô¡
˯ǰٽȥʱֽѾˣŷ̺ķ̺ǳģڸû˼ȥۣ˭ֽǼƽĻʳ⣬ΪʲôҪ̺Ҳ»ɣ·ռҪ̺
賿㣬
ٶȴ·ȥֱװңϳʱֻȻҲڳϣͲˣôڳϣ
ȼʣͳֵʵŻˣǸϹȥ֧Ԯ
ʵҲںҪ֧ԮĴһأ
Ұֻ棿
ҡҡͷ
ʣǼƽŵĻ𣿡
廹ҡҡͷ
üƸеֵǣʯĻ˼ƽ֣ȴһҲԾѵѾ¶ˣ
ʯؿȼƻҪżǶӳ϶ȱѹ󣬵ԽǶӳԽԽӦ侲
ʯطּڿͳЦЦס֣ģֲµġ
ʯصָĪüƿҪİԾˣʯǸִܶˣסŮԱ֣ⲻ£ûӳǶתͷȥ
ƳԼ֣ɰͰ͵˵ллӳ
лҪ˵д˽ֶ֣ɾˣٴʳԡβôдҲ⣬ºͷһдġ

 47 

ûԴƼǾͿ˻, ڸĴĻ̫ѾˣĶһ
˼, üס, 㸸׻棬ǰ쾯, Ƕӳ, 档
нʱԼȷʵܴ󣬺޲øϵ, ôҲװ֣ôܿ档
Ҫȥ, æס, ֮ǰ, ѾԹˣȥ
ǽȥ, ԰, ʱ, Ҳ᲻ᱩ¶Լˡ
˦־ͳ˽ȥ, øָӵʯظ˵ӳҵĳ
屻еĻŪһʯѾżƽ¥
ƻͷˣӳȥ, ҡ
˵Ҳ»ȴʯֶס죬ʯҪ˵ԶҲҪ˵
ƻûӦѾһιȥ
ʯذֱӴӴӵ¥׼õľϡ
νӵƣţæϺӳ
ʯسЦЦתͷ˻
һӵ˶ˣ˸ˮ˶豸Ҫ壬ƴסֻƽȥɱѾʧһжӳˣȥ
ⶰ¥ĸҲ̾ٽȥˣֻϣƽܴżһɡ
ݺݵصпռܶһ㣬ʯأ뵽ȥʱľֱˡ
ڴɵʯأڻһη塣
Ⲣǻ¥ĹͣҲϰٴγ𳡵ľۣԴôΪ
һҾߴıըôĻϱըߵ˿϶׶༪٣ӵļٶ޲ٳֻԼæ
ƸձϾȻͱըѣƿȻԱ³Ű¥ܼˣʯؽȥˣ컹ûг
ʯصʱı仰֪ԼҪ˵ʲôԲֹԼģ
ĴȥٰϰֺľȳһܻɵģΪ˾˵Щء
ȥܱʯؽȥҪá
Ƴ嵽ǰǶӳأ
忴¥Ļ𺣣̾ˣҪȥȴסˡ
ǰˣһжˡʯصľҲû𡣵ȵϨҲûҵйصκζʵҵʯըʯźžͶ
һжӵжӳʯظ죬ƽȫʧⳡűĴ
̨Ż׷ʣϲʣԸʧҲֻȥһʱգҲǿʯȥҲҲԼһһƽʱգ֮ϰָʯضˡ
һ֮ڲμ׷ᣬЩʢҲЩƣĪΪʲôؼҺúϢ죿Ҹղʹˣ˵٣㲻Ҫ
ƳЦЦаǶӳڣǶӸҪʱսиġҪúŬȡյ϶ӳ
Ī۵ؿƣЦˣһ޳Ц㡣
ʲôЦЦֻǲޣΪûá
ϼưѻ¥¶ȵߣվž˿޵Īƿˮ߽վԱĬĬš
²ͣߣ˶죬оҪʱƲſ޹ˣһֱǶûһΣҰ˵ҪңʲôûأҶˣûͺáǸƽҰֽа֣Ҷû֪ΪʲôҪŻôˣжӳ
סʱˣʯǸˣֻƣжϳýȥģȥˣΪ
Ϊȥȼ죬źʯذӳȥԼ˽ȥ
Һ˶ӳ
Ī§ס̾ƣû˺˭뵽أѹˣʯӳһϣ
ҲֻǰС
һסĪǵ¥жӳܵоֵıã۵ոѡĹҪԷ
ЦЦðʳԣʦǲ˵Բ𣿡
뵽ҪˣԺٲܳʳãе᲻ãʳþʳãǳһһˡ
ȴʮֲôôŰܽ
ǴȤҲûǲܣûУĪҲˣ˲ٲ˹һӵʳøףְ
ȼӵĶԱɽϦµʱʯأᣬֻƽض¶Ա˵ϲ
Ǹһ׳Сܵ󺹣ʱϥǴϢš
ƵĻɽԼӣٿһĶӳʵڲ²͸ӳΣ᲻ᰤֻСϰ˵Ҳϲ
ЦͻȻЩԼʱˡ
ҹ񣬼ưѳͣ·ߣӸ˼տ̯ʱʱȥˡ
ȥΪ˹Ρ
Ƶô͸˵ո磬ҽĻһҪȥμӣ˼㣬ûдҾ˵ɴֱӹ˵ˣġ
վͿΣһΪⱲӶȢϱˣҽϹô׼ء
ɩӲŽϹô㣬ȥﵱ쵼ҪѬǵ׬Ǯ
վЦˣͲ˰ɣ׬û治١
˻ţȴԱ߿ϷһǮȥùӡźµǮ
ǻ缸ΪôйرƵģʱ˼ٸӵľͷһʳúүУƻԹΪʲôǺɫģ廹ѵҪƸۺ
ǮӸգո磬ȷʵ׬òٰǮպá
սӹǮ£ЦɲǮĥˣʻӣ۵Ļܸܲ
˳ˣϳʱܾڰԼѵĪƨˣ
ĪĶĪһͼֽڿװǵ·𣿡
Ȼ飿û
ĪĺãƾҲ
յտ̯ϣһñ׵ղŵĿߣտһۣǮӹȥҲûˣˡ
˿Զȥķ̾˿

 48 


ƽʱ֪мƽ, ѹʱһɫı, С, 
ȫضˣǸʯһ, ûбҪĴڡ
͵, ǲҲ˿ڵĻָٶˣ̫쳣֮
ʯģ˵ʯ޴, Ӧоʯ
ϤƽԼǶ, Ǽ˳ǰʱ, һ۾ϳˡ
ְ֣
Ȼûܷ, ͺܺϣǼ˶еԾ, Ȼƽ
, ղڳһְֱ֡
ʧ, ͸ɴȵʱְְɡ
ǸϤ˵ôУǲƭ
ʧ, Ѱ࣬ݣǵʵ顣
˵ˣʯϣ˿ѸٻָӦøʯҵйϵӦоʯ
Ǿоʯ, ҪôأõϣҪҪҾɵģϺȱݡ
ȱݣǰҲ˵˭ţ
ƽˣһӾ͸κģ˯˹ȥѹͷԼѾ˲ϣҲѾʧԼ⻬ƤﾪҪ
̽ʱûҽаְ֣ΪĲ֪Լ˭ַʲô
û뵽ֱӶ˵ƽû°ְ־ͷˡ
ƽԼԭԼİְ֡
֮ǰְֵĿһȥѰ֣ʯҵˣܡ
İְֶܺãֻǰְֵʵҪһоԱоʯʣƽûж࿼ǣʹӦ
ְֵʵҲֻһѧңЩ˿һֻС󣬼ƽûȫ˵ԼЩسʲôŻʲô
ƤָܿˣҲ»Ǿ̾ѣʵǿʼоƤ
ְΪѵҪ󣬼ƽǴӦֻаְһˣʵҾļңʲôܴӦġ
ƽԼԼȫΣƴӣ֪Ϊʲôʼû˵Լпռ䣬Զܸ̽ĵط
Ҳû˵ԼԶڱķԼһо
ܣ֪ǽҪʲôаȫС
ֱһ̸ŮиŮ
ԼĽ㻹أ
ƽټ죬ˣиãΪʲôû
쵱ʱɫ˵æڷܹȥ
ȼʵңƽ˵Ҫڼƽǰơ
ƣƣ
ƽЩɻΪʲôǰǲӦ
ʵԽԽƵʱнչʱָƿƽԽԽ꣬סˣǸƴû
ֻڼ칫ϿƬһƯŮŷۺɫȹӱһֻķۺɫż
һ죬ڴ绰˵ӲģҪӼְһ
ƽӷˣɵһǸӰţȴϵƽʱҲǸɵӰɣȻǰôһҲ벻أ
ԴԼĿռȥĵطʱ̳ʱҰ
ϲ̳ϲ̳ȥȺĴˣԼȥȥ
̳ӿֻţΪ·Ǽƽ·ΪʲôǱ˶ţΪ֪ɵӣ
ƽȻÿʱΧ·ǻֻǶϵ磬ҲΪ칦
˵£ȻְֿʼǣԼȥ¡
ƽͻȻּҲûЩ˵ôҪȻôֲᷢϵأҪȻΪʲôҪأ
ƽӲãԼʼͯһƵʼܸЩһദ
һ죬ƽԼĿռ˺ܶණгԵõģǷõģ֪ԼĿռ䣿Ǽ
ΪʲôҪװ֪ӣ
ѵΪϲֲ»𣬲ŷôණΪԷһڹԼ
Եʳ˺һҲû˽
дȥ濴׼ŻԥԥģɴһѣȻװ߹ţȻƬֻۺ챪ŷۺ챪Ůã
ƽȥûҪǰѯʣ˷ۺ챪ѷۺ챪ŽռʲôʱѰְִЩǲŵģΪʲôãǸҪӼĶôһ£
ܿ켾ƽԼˣٻͻȻͼӿ˽ȣƽʹˣȻΪƵԱ
ΪײŮˣڶʵ飬ϽƳµķϣֱƤ飬ﵽѵķЧ
ƽˣһĶŮΪʲôõֻǿռЩõĶʳЩﶼ㲻ϣԸһõһֻɵķۺ챪
ʼŭˣϵ͵ȥֻ֣żȥȻȻ
ȵ췢һУҪֹʱȻѡķʽ
Ҫٵң
ֻҪٵʯ
˵ΪʯҲܻٵʯһ᲻
ԼʵⱲľ俴żƽ֪㺦˶𣿡
ƽҡҡͷûȥˣֻķŻѣֻйķʽ
һоըʯ߳ĲǼƣһ˶Ϥˡ
˵ʿ£֪еǺ£Ҳ̫ƫˣٵʯٵʵֲʲô
ȻѾѹѹˣȥ
˳˹ȥƽΪȥֹģ˭ϵȻڼ֮ǰʯ
ž޴ĺ¡ƽԼڱ˺Ƭһ˲䣬ƬƮ
ĳ档
ΪﱸŮĻԼ⣬ȥѧŵӰﷴɵӽһ
ϴ죬ƣܣʯصվʯǰʯҪͬھ
һʱռ䶼ţȴͻȻԼ֣ϰִȫҵɽϰָԼ˵ɽǱ߻иõ͸õҽ
ְ˵ɵӣֻԱգҵҽκû˻ٽɵˡ
첻ְ֣ȻΪʹʵ飬ΪעܳȥŻŮƽ˺ƬǰЦЦʮֿģΪϾͿԼİְˣְֺܰ


 49 

ʯذѼӵ, ͳ˻
ǵԼⳡֻǱʱҪ, ϴǸϵʱⳡûô, ¥вˣʵҵ˼, иղŵ, ﻹһź·ˡ
ߣ˾ͳ, ʱǺƺ, ˭ϵǿ޴ʯͷͻȻ, ֳļ˶ըˡ
ȻʯԼص˳Ϧ, ʱ˼ң֪ʵǳξʵ
˼, ֶ𿾵˻û, ȻԼֻ»˿ռ, ռﲻ֪˭˸Ʒ, רΪ׼һ
ʯһ̽Լߵı仯һȥ˽Ǽʵңοʱ̲סʡԼǰϿʼ˵Ż˵ĶԪԪ˵ĪůУΪȷʵĪԼƵİ, ޷ΣִҪһиɵĻĸԸڵĪõѡ
Źҽϣమ˲ҪȥЩΪҪԼĹģҲԼĵźΪ֪Լ᲻
˿ռ＾µֽдţƽ̸̸
ƽǸʯĺˣ
ҲǸĴŻˡ
Ҳпռ䣬Ŀռ䲻ֻй仹ĴŻ
ΪʲôҲпռ䣿
ʯͻȻ뵽ⲻ˵Ƕпռ䣬Ӧͬһռ
˹һռ䣿
ƽΪʯԼΪʯģأҲʯģͬһʱ仹Ǹ磿
ʯػûŪףʵҾ˴𣬱ϴҪ죬ҲЩмһʲôŻᵼЩ仯
ΪƻΪ
ʯϸ룬¼ƣԼ˽ȥ
ҪһΣһ˾͹ˡ
ʯʯһԣҲԳɹˣٴʱƽʧˣڿռͨռȥκεط
ʯ֪Լᱻ϶ΪٴγʱҵʯըˣʯȴûɢҾ֪һ˻ţû뵽㡣
ʯزûԼټһѾ϶ˣҵ
֪ʲôҪ󡣡
˿е̸ͺã˵
㣬׷¶һʵҵġ
ɫѿ֪ԼΣ̫ˣܳϣѾʵұըȫ˼ϡ
һֵģȻǾҪҼƽһͷתˡҿûôɵͶ
Ȼһ쵼ȻҲڼලܿҵʯأ˶ܵĴŵԺʵҶùֶΣʵҵϰ塣
ʯҲôһ죬ĿԴһӵзƤ齨ʵңо֮࣬ڽεţеҹˡ
лҪ˵һ·ǹĪģ¡

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