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  1 

֮ʣڳصĻӣϲֱ
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Щûл˵ˡ
عԼݵһŹĸȰ˵ĸ̸ܹܵףĻؾףͳضϵ
ΪĵܵǣĶ˶ҲͻȻ뿪Զ롣
Уɶ˻һع齫ΪԵõ׵ֳĹػſ۰ġϲģǸݵĹ
ڹǰ΢Ѿ߶磬һжΪòȴԱļʱ
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ԭΪܸܵűһһøãܺùؽľǿ˭֪ڵܵȥҵĵڶ꣬˸Сӣܵ˲Ϊҵѿ๤ĥĳʹ䡣
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Ԥ/ĴרɼղŶ
Ԥ1̫ӵĽˡİ
һǮ歱ĸӮƷݡҲƺȻˣ
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㡢ĹֻԼꡢԴ
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๫ûݾǿнǺϹᡣ
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 2 

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￴Ĺɸ߳·ڣͣ½Ųһת˫ְǽϣȦС
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̲סһЦԽЦԽղסֵصЦ

ǰħЦС˫ֻأһ󲽡
Цˣֲ۽ǵᣬþòôЦû뵽Ϊ
أǲϲѽ
ЦеĴսʹ
һң˵⻰治ְסͷٿԼ
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۵׵Ц
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˶˵ԼҵķߣԻһ
ĽŲоر̤ʵ
Сʱͼأչķĸϵżӣ֪һûߣһμͶ׽
ʱ⬣˭ʹ˭һĪ˵ѣʱ޿κΣԸ˵仹ǳŷӡ
뿪֪ߵ죬ȥţ׷һ·
ϧʱ֪飬֪ЩʱѾӻغܼġ
ڻغ֮ǰһ˿Ӧúɡ
ιĶء
첲ٴα˳סŷѾˡ
ллһ
ЦЦŽԺӡ
ˮСԺһȥ㣬ôȥˡ
ҪǴ磬ţȥѰ
ԼСܵԴҾǳȥߣҲ뿪ǣұ֤

 3 

˼ˮߺͷڹ첲ζŻָ糣
˵Ц߽ݣؾɽĵƲϨˡ
ּ⣬ĿţתԼߡ
ĸ⸽ھӶ֪Ҳּ֪ƶһû㹻ܵܡѵ̸ܹܵõѡⱾѾǰ϶£ڽȴ˱ʡ
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ȻϣǸбĴ㣬ԼСˡ
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˽İԥ߽ȥ
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ѽЩģȫسǶһݣƯ࣬ЩΡ
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СһֽݸأְѵҸЩ
һɻֲҿʵӣͣҿԼ׬ЩǮġ
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׬ǮԼԺҪ˷Ǯ
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⻰üͷһ壬ֲˡ
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ﷺһ˿Ǵˣôַ֦ͷͷ˵Ĺ
컯ŪˣôᣬҲǼųеè壬ٲԸΪӡ
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ǰԺһҶһȲ裬ջŮĳסվࡣ
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ϰӼſϣүҲǴҶģһ뵽ʳѰĿģĶءүҲȱڷǴظҲѽ¸Ҳء
ԼĹŮ˵ѹǼٵģôһһȰͷҲʼҡ
Ǿ˵ģ£˳հѻ˵ԺǵŮɲ۸񡣡
ԼǸŮѹˡ
ԭʱսûң¹Ůȴ֪Ǹ̥ԭ֮£汧һԼĹŮϿеĹ
ԭ丣ڹʱȾزֻһ˫׵ĶŮ
ò࣬չһ˫Ůڹ˸ææ⣬ʱ䳤ˣҲ飬ɥޣŮδޣ˳ߵһĸĸ϶һ˫Ůӹػչܵ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽ԭĹŮŮҪ׵Ѫҩŷ⾪˵ʵ֮̽£ڲ鵽ǽƭԭ䣬µҲǸŮ彡ʲô̥
ǽѾΪʲôҪѽĺ˵Ǹ̥֪ԭ
ĹŮƱҪһ
ǰɳȥѰѾţ뾩ǲԶأڰӻ֮ǰĹ⡣
˰ţҲϺϾԭ˰Ѻӱ޹ġ

 4 


ˮӹĿѼסʿˮ
㣬ѼúüʮǮɣڼͽıڣԵѼСԴԻ󲻽⡣
վСԴظˬ׬ǮˣǳԿѼµҲѱãСˮ㲻ٵ⡣
֮ǰֻǵӣвʲôŵ˶ʮٿάֺüµĻһֻѼʲôֻҪ½ûǮ׬
ˮô˵ſĵ֣ŲֽԿѼתȥ˴硢һԡ
Ȼطʣµķ˸ḷ̌ɾһڣһ̡ЩС̷򵥵ĶװŻƷչʾ˿
ּլЩƾɣλû㲻ſھֵò֡
ľլߣ·ǰԺʱؾɴӷʲôأ
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һۣղȥѧã⿴š
ؾԸˣѼǳд۵ġ
Щô߼Ǯһϸ꣬˿ʽرһЩõĲ϶ǼͨĶϼʮľõģٴһЩʮĶõ
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꣡ȥرǹĸҪǣǾ˵ǴӾǻ˴Ǯģ׬Ǯ𣿡
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һҿԲܲˣֽǵ׹ĸ˺ǽռ˱ˡ
ǽؾҲˣֻҪŹһӣʱҪѵܵǶӴϣȥ˾ǣĸͶǣûѺЩ̲ܳ£米ģԶ϶ĸӬͷСٺʲôǣ
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Ǳһңŵʹ˷ֿĪ˵Сܲ⣬Ҳܲ⡣֮ǰӦĸʱжµûţһ춼ûٺ˵ԭô˵˯һԼˡ
ط׼ЩƷܶ㼸ȥ˾ǣҪ¶ÿͨ϶Ǯܹûġ
һλȥһô޴롢ǻĳĹԵġ
߳ͷؾµֱͦıӰܵؾΪɣⲻ֪ƽʱĬԵȴǾǿǰͳȥǵݵֵһԭŲµһЩʱ뿪˺һܴɡ
ͻȻ߻ȥؾߣ쿪˫۱ס
㡢ʲô
ͻȻסʹİ㣬ؾǱʹĸ첲
֪ôǽûѡ
˶أ㲻ҪһҪء
컯֮¹Ȼ§§ģɺͳ
ؾȻмֿɰ
ǰ̰Сͷ¶Ǵ
ؾԺǽĸΪһúչǣٲǷ롣
ɿ쵽ӵؾЦ˵
ؾһһԶĿһۣȥɣȻѼԹˡ
ѹϽţؾţߵʱ̯λǰͷЩ
ּլӲԶӿڣһڰĬĬ۲֮Ļֱ½źٹһת뿪
Ժһͨɸ봫ǧ֮ľǽ

 5 

ֵܳſʱ̯ƽչԼ̯ӣҲ½ȥ١
жǸ¥ĹǣۺԺĹʽĽ۸Ҳһûò
ŹĹĵǮӣ㣬ǰһʮͻ˹ؾ
Ȼؾ죬Ƿȥ֮ʱСһ˰ѳͷΪŸʹжȫõ
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Ҫôӣ˵ǣƢԸա
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Ŷ㲻ʶģ
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ǴӾġ
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ȵãǵȲáа˳ɰǻӦҪ˴㣬ҲͲŲæ
ˮָԴǵð˵ʲô𣿡
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Ƿ֮ؾǣ֮ǰ͹ĹعҲ֪ǵ⡣
Ҳµһ֣ϻ˵ò岻ֻȷҵûô˵ֻ˵ҿǽĹŮλңѾȷ𣿡
˼ȥǽȻҲôһƽӾǱȥһ㡣
ǣǵĵ飬ȷʵǹŮ۹꣬ӹؾǺúչˡ
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ҪһŮûһѪ׹ϵĶӣôƴ֣Ҳڰ˰ӣ
֪ҪЩѣҲŰѻ˵ǰͷϣҴţÿУȥ
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Ŀһ٣漴Цӯӯĸ˸鷢Ӧұأҵܵ顣
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ˮϣܹϸõΪӰ쵽㣬ôȥȰıĻ֯˺þãջû취˵ڡ
Ϊ˽Լе
ǻġվüͷûһ¡
ʹݹ飬ΪⲡҲӦڵ
ˮ֪ţȷǻӦҪ󣬿ô˵ǰĲ١
ǣǻδȥȥ˵ĵطѧɣնҪȥǸֵܵϣǰȥǳʶˮЩС
ͬˮڴڻؾȫûһ˿ϲ
ؾҪϱиЩˣģ˰׵ģȫڹģĶԸ
ʵҪҲǳڶ¡ͱڣóһܹܵѧǳɲģŽĲĿġ
ΣҪӵ֮󣬰شĺ뿪
һ굥Щʵڲ̡


 6 

ϣֵ֪ܶӹؾϢˮһֱԴǵǡ
ؾǳЩܵǶ־Ĳ˵С˵ûоðǰͬˣ
ɽˮͬʱԼҴ磬ã
ǿˣѵһﶼ磡
ԺػǸȥǣù̸ҡʹѾõķչкξ壿
ѵ˵׷׵ͷǰǵİǰǿ࣬ûеչˣǵİ㱻ȳɳȴͣǸĽ׶Ρ
ãһĿһҲʮ꣬СĲŰ꣬һ£ٲȻСһ㡣
ųţоղԾͣ¿ӣܵܡ
ǽôˣһ仰˵ʲô£
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˭֪ͬʱҡͷСˮ֣µ˵㣬һŬҸ
Ļһ꺢˵ǶϷȴǸж۷⣬ƵƵͷСˮҪù飬һܸɲŶ
ţ
һٷûԼڣƵƵɨͬܵܡ
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ת뿪֨ѽһſˣ̽ԴǹְŴЩôˣ
ߵǰ쳤ӳ濴ȥȥһ㣬ͱһְסԴ㻰أֳϹʲô±°ȥ
סߣЩյĿ֣ģɺã
˵֮󣬳زţһͬݣ෿ﴫԡ
Ƿ
ѵĲҲǰˣľžŵģºԼѲ˸ϵ
߽ȥ䣬ڴϣˣæܹȥס裬㲻ͲҪúϢ
ʮķϣھӶؽ衣
񰡣ЩûˣˣģЩ϶û˯ðɣ
ּҷЩ飬ƽʱҲտԷĺӣҹϵ׽ּҵ˵ˣҪԼӲҲȥæġ
ãֻ˯òȡ
ѳɶ֣ϱѾĹһأⱲʱﶼᣬôʹ⼴뿪ķ۲ѡ
˳ʮ꣬òװ󣬼㲻ԼĺӣȴǱĸöࡣΪ˳أûмˣһ긾ˣһӵҸ
һЩصĸƫƫ͵زⲡͣûҪ޲ߡ
裬оôǲǺܣ
ŷָ֣Ȼźصıӣ¶Ȳߡ
Щ⼸նضվѽ㱭裬Źϣϵı
ڴϵķ裬Ļţֱٴδߴ٣ŵͷӦȥˮ
裬Ҵƣ˼գɲ⡣
ҲЩдƣа취ҽأ
뵽ȥгȥҴ򣬸һֱץס
ӣûʣ¼ɻˣ뻨ԩǮ䶼ڿϣЩӸض
ۿһ죬֪Լõʲôûҽ𣿡
ֻҡͷԼ֪Լ£ҸоѽӣЩҲûʲôźֻǵضԺ¿꣬顣ܴܲӦ裬Ƿ費ˣض˵˵ǰҲã⺢˼̫أһ˹òá
ģҩǮõģӡ
֣ܳȥԺӣظɶ˲
ȥҸ򡣡Ҵ˵
ذѲ豭һţȥɡ
ʵ˵Ǹʲô֢ȴֱԷûûˡ
߳ӣҽȥÿһЩء

 7 

ĲҩҽעһֻϣǰܹܲʹĥЩѡ
£߹˵طؼÿҽݽյĴţ뵽С
֮ߵһԣҡҡͷ˼ɼûоƣͻȻһ·˲ºҽúáиӣ𵽰֮Ч䲻ܸĲ飬ȴܹһЩʹ
û취𣿡
ҡͷĬ̾Ϣ
ǻǿЩҩɣܹЩʹҲá
ʮӣݵ
Ҫӵ£ЩٸЩ
ųظҽҩԼŷ衣
ڴϣΪͣһοô꣬ûʲôı£ضԵС㵱иҲܰȥСˡ
ŷ֣裬Ϲ˵ĺӻںأͷأΪµĴڣԺţѾŶź
豻⻰ùЦЦЦžͿʼԣȻȳѪ
֪ο裬ллĺ⣬Ҳͼ󸻴ֻҪһܹƽ˳죬һȪ·ߵҲġ
˵Ķģ
ĵĬѹӣջûǿ
赹˱裬ιڣſͷĿ
֪Ľ֣ȴΪһأ־ҪıԼҵĽ֣ض˵˺ҲҪúöԴδĴмϾ˺ð£ǴСݣʲô£ܰϵһѡ
Ƕڷ裬ǮҲҽõĲ֢ʲôҲˡ
ɵӣΪѹܹô꣬Ѿ׬ģҲʱðүˡ
˵꣬һҵĿԡ
ŷɫ̫ԾɫҰףɢ
һңòᡭ
ոմʱû˵ϾҪôô͡
衣
ΡΡĽһûлӦ
ס죬һ
æվҪܳȥѳظһһͷվſڣżҩ

аգոûдųȥҩǻ˵ϼ仰
ⲻǰﵹæ
سͷʵ֮ǰѾҴո˵ĻǰãΪ˿ο˵ġ
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ԲҲá
ʧͷĻᣬ˵ﱻͻûϢŵʱ־
ʱ˵ϼ仰ǵҲá
ͷޱʱıԴи㣬Ҳܰġú˵ĻҶѾ˵ˣ㲻𡣡
֪뷨˵ĻڵϣǵùۣãΪλܷο
£Ұٰɡ
ͷողžɥ£һϵеİϤܰһЩæܺùЩҷǰҲտġ
ûԥ͵˵ͷٲӦĻҪھεÿˡ
һڣʱҹˣȴ˯⡣
ذ˵ڷſţڷ軻ɾѡ
ʱƣ̬۵ģǲĲٵġ
ǰи˲оرļϣѾܵҪʱٶһɳء
صҪҪܻܵؾٸĿڣҪѳҲһϣ᲻ᱻ˵ôߡ
ҹˣȥİæĻɡ
ǹйŮһңⱻ˵лҲԺעҪܻȴڡ
ȥ·ϣ˶ۿҪſڣͻȻͣ½Ų
أǶǵﲻ۵ĺӣǵ˲ˣԺʲô£ǧҪǵú˵ܰæһ
ȻԺûܹ˺ɻǸƵ꣬Ϊǳġ㡯̲ס뻤һЩ
е˿ΣصȻףӻ֣ȥɣܵҪǷҹĲڼҺú˯˽ˣ»úýѵһ٣ٲš
ôһ˵ոǱ˵һƫˣգһ۾ͽԼԺӡ
ؿıӰǷůʣǸСѾͷƬӣ¶Թ˲覣ܹչء
˹ػĸоͦġ

 8 

صУؿ⺮СԺȹʮʱ⣬ոԹ˵Щǰοټ裬ͷ˵Լﻰ㡣
ǰ֪߽ݾ׷˲ڶ鱨ֻҪܹ΢ãܹ˳ᢣֻǳ¡
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鱻һڻؾ
ЩֹɲΪѧġ
СܸϳţʩʩȻߵǰӣǾ۳Ͷ٣⼸춼סصϢǵýŸ룬רͽϢҪࡣ
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ҶװͿ׺һӣǰͷӲŽ⡣
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ΪѵĿǣҵõҵܻܵһ£ϾҪ뿪أʰ°ô򵥵£ú֪һһˣȷϡ
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ĸ˴ǰеġ
ֽ˵ˣȻϣֽһѱһ˵Լ࣬ûʲôƣֻǿڷԣԼǰֳɩɩչˣһߣؾûʲôˡ
񼸺µõһ仰ʲôǷҲһȥǣʶ
һݵֽ
뿪Ҳ֪ûлӾ͵Тĸġ̾˿˵λĹﻹڸǵͼĸϲ뿪˵ĸʮֻ̣ǹǵһͷĸҲҪѰף鷳ȥף治֪Ǻ»ǻ£ǺǹദĸֲҡֻϣҪ۵ؾɽˮ
ݣѹûһ˿ϲ
ֽȻ飬ͼӴ׺˵һĸĻ
ֽ֮û˿ͳţδἰĻ
߳оһɣĸ˵ƻ⵨СĹĸҲ˽ȥ
ҵķȥؼҸʱͣ½Ų
ú𣿻ֱһͬȥأ
ʵûãɡ
һת뿪ײһš
ôĵ뿪ʡˣ
Ϥͷ͸һ˿ŭ⡣

˲һ˻¡ץŵĻŸС                        
лҪ˵أ뿪ңûţ
񣺡

 9 

˵ʲôأ˭˵Ҫˡ
˵ֱ꣬Լ˵ȻôѾ˵ʲôǡ
ԩѽҪĵ뿪һҲڲ֪ͻȻߵѽ
֪׷һ·ǵ˾ҲҪۻġ
ĬĬһ㣬֮ľ롣
ˮ˵ġ
ֿסͷû취ˡ
䲻׽סãĪûɱô׽ţûѽ
ǻҲûɿһֱô붢
ʵҪҪҡ
Һһȥǡ
۵Сۺһͬʱ˵
ǸǡֱûҲûѻ˵ȫ
ԭҲȥǣҪȥʲôأ
һݣֻǹ°Ըƽʱͺ˿֪Ҫķʽ˵ô顣ȻԼҲȥǣԵ˾һһɡ
˰οԼóȻ˵ݣһΪʲô֪飬û취͡
ûʲôˣڷ費ˣסҲûʲô˼
ԹԵĸԼŽڣ˾ǣ໥֮仹иӦأ
˵Ļ˵ˣͷ벻õ˵ǡ
̣Ҵ˳糵˾Լҵطţ鷳ļˡ
Ǿ֮ǰԼ̫ףˣ˵⻰ʱ
ŵĽأܸо΢ı仯֮ǰôġ
룬գջ˹ȷг̡
Ǿ磬ſڵȡ
Լú󣬳زɿ֣ػɵĹһ˺ü˿
һ͸ѧķƵģűһ꣬ǻ˶ʮͷġˡȻǻᱻס
ûϢ
Լһ䡣
òԶʱǴ죬컯յĲΣգػӻ֣ʾЩؼңԼһŤͷӡ
ߣԶԶƼˮſںڵˣ߹ȥһԺס
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ոǲˣ
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һֲһ־С䣬ⲻһ˼㣬˵ʲôˣ
ˮ䱻ÿۣæոճغ֮ĶԻһһʮĸ
㣬Ҷ˶ء
Сƨ֪Ҫأĵ»ؼ±ϸӸ˵ر
ˮƶǶĵͷڰ˵֣
ˣΪʲôſڣŽѾˣһţˮһ߽ݡ
С㣬֪鴦ΣǷ̻ؾ
ЩУǾǱŴߴ٣ҲûΪҲûȫ˳⡣
ʰ߰˰ˣһЩⲻողŴҹĸҵϻýʰء
С˼
ӲٴߣֻҪȷеڡ
񸧸ǰķңհɣõܵҹʰãҲΪѡ
ӵԼã簲ǡ
λڼҸҲҪȥǣ֪Ƿ˵ģ
еռСֻˣɴѻ˵ǰͷҲи׼
ӺĴӦµģС㰲ŵ˯˶㹻ġ
ȥ֮ˮʮ־ȵ㣬Ҳһȥ𣿡
ҪȥĶ䣬ɵĶ
ȥǣͽкιϵɱͷϹ˵˻ΪҺʲôء
ѵСܣϻطʰһ˶ĵط
ûҪһĳԸֳܹܵɳгءϣĳɳҪôѡ
ϣ֮䲻ҪôźҲ͹ˡڽΣ⡣
֪һ컹ǵûؾǣϾǽŶϲѪԵǣʹҲ뾡취Ѱȥ
ŵܵǻؾǣǵǰĪİŻˬӦؽ
ֻû뵽һһ뿪أ˷ٴλȥǣԽЩ˺ˣûаϲǱǰȥһϲ
ϣǣЩӵˣ

 10 

һһϳ뼯⣬Ѿźȷʵ˵Ϊ߰˸˶ӵ
һͬǰͷϳͻ
سǰͨǷĴڿϤľ£˴뿪֪ʱٻ
㣬ǹ껹𣿡
ͬŲˮյߣСʵ
ҡҡͷȴû˵
ûȷĴ𰸣ֵֻ֪ܼǼĥջǳݵĴİǣҲǵĳɲ·ߵЩԺھǴչȭţǻؼԤ
ϾЩ£֪飬һֻ뿴ǳˣȢӣҸ
㣬ô˵ˣ
Ѿǰʻ˺óһ·ϹٵǷʻٶȣܵҪüŵõﾩǣŹһȻʧģΪ뿪
عСܵԴôأҵļҾ
һԵؾɽһۣипǧ̶գҾ̫ıʣΨһֵҵǽûбȷֿ˵ģžһ𣬲ǼңǶ֧飬أҲûʲô塣
ͬȥǣֵܼȫû顣뿪ʱδе꣬ǰ·Σδ֪
ضصտȥˣӰóڵӷָܵܣ磬û԰ɣȵӡ
ֵһ˷ӣΨûС
ƵĿһĴû򹻰ǹⲻָأԹûСƢ׽͸
ĬỊ̆ϷƵĴӰһֻСչޣſڡóһֻ룬չĶһ뻹ðǰ
һ£ӹ룬һֱһӡ
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ؾ⻰ЦˣˮӸǲ絽ϡ
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Թ
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ﴧ£֮۳Ͷ٣ʹ;ڿջϢʱҲðޡ
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С㣬߹ٵյﾩǳ⣬С·Ǽӿг̣ӦܸҹǰǡС岻ʣȻСɡ
Ȩ㳵̣ѯʵ
ͷġ
ȥõӵȵ˾ǣɸúú
ڳһϢĿĳʱĿƵϡ
Ҳʣȵ˾ǣкԴ
˽һʼСԴʱһǼ˲ӣҲܽͷӣҲʼ
ڽǼòãصȴھǵݵø˼ɾ
ôֻǰʹѧˣ֪ܵһǱϾǺӣܰ١
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һ·ԣӹٵʻС֮·ֻ̣ڵϷ֪ʱ˯ˣֱͻȻһ٣ͣڰѡ
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أԷͬһ¶ǰĳ濴ȥ
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һ˼¶棬۾һгһתֱֱŴ̹
δҵĳ棬ŵûʶ߿ȥ
Ȼ˵Ľ⻹δ½ͻȻȥ
ϸ˵ǱʲôУȥˡ
濴ǲ֪ǻԻ˵ĺˣδκ˿ڴڡ
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ֳ˶ڵϵĽҲ˻սС
˿ǰĺˣٿɱеĳأһʱ˺£ֻţʱѧĹ

 11 

һؾ·ϣûз£ȴͻʣһǳġ
м룺ǽǲɱģΨǼĸͱĹΪжд̣˵Ҫ˳һİš
ŵĿǰؼս֮󣬺ԱѹסһӣһҲ
ɱúۣһϢȨУҲ
ֻǸ㳵꣬ôǸڽ߶꣬ҲѧЩģѲ֮´ԷѹƣȴһԷɱƬײ
ڣǺ׽ȥʣ֪Ǻµɱ֡
ȨͬŽѪĳԹһ䡣
ضȨûжԹǰƢɨȨʱȨֻһɱǰһ˶̲סһ
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ǿŶµĸоֱĶǰꡣ
һֱΪڱүӻغ֮ǿӲ֪ṦҹõͷϳȨв
һ֪ùе𾪵ͬʱҲ˿ΪôģĹĲܳͷأʹغͶĸ佫£ܻгͷ֮ա
ҪҪغףԥ
ô๴Ķǣ˶¶࣬Ǹ档ʹһƬ죬ǹ̶Ҳ졣
ܵܣҵԸԼȥЩʵǽѾ֪ڣؾףǾ£ʹˣҲ̫ΪԼ
ؿõܵǹϸõ
رԼһζѬ£ͬ˸űӷ׷ױãΨˮһűӣһޱȳݵ޵磬ĶѧĹЩ˶򲻹㣡
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ģѽѽԺʦˮкãȫȻԼҰĵӡ
ͷֱûۿСܲ׾Ͷһʦͳƾײһݡ
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Ըؾɽվ֮䣬ɣҲ㡣
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ر뵽ǰȫٻô˵ҲûԣӰҳ·¸ˡµ±ӳ⣬ؾɽúعߡ
ոһĻǶƵУˮǸģʵҲѧУǷҲá
ǺͳٽϣȻ˼ἰѧ֮¡
㻹δǣҪɱ㣬ؽǲȫػ·󣬶ʱоϵζûôأĿࡣ
ͷ˲ϣؽֻǴⲻϣȥǲϣǽԸΣһûס
ֻҪ˽ȻỤȫ
ȫбϵģ棬ȫƾĸţݻȥĸܸùӳԲŹ֣Ůݵˡ
һ̲֪ĸΪʲô᲻һеİŹŮ֪ʵϵŮ
һһڹƭúÿࡣ
˷ȥҪְĸףڹĸֻһ
£Ƕȫֵͬ˵
ҡͷֻСӣ²ܳɳԱĳ̶ȡ
ҼбľҪĽγҪȥĺүס
ɼ޾ɫƺԼԵ˺¶׼ҲȰ

 12 

ʻǳʱȻسǵĹٱǰʻһȨڸϳҲûжʣֱӷǽȥ
Ȩڽ˽¶꣬سǹٱ죬ʡ˺ܶʱ䡣
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˵󲻴˵СҲСеĵطҪǿ·Ҳ˴գҪöࡣ
ͷǻؽҼɡ
ȨӦһϳǰС
սأСţ
һۣȻ֪
ǵʱô㣿
뽫ԽԽʵЩǴӦ˷裬Ҫ࿴ģ°ﲻʲôҪôµա
صһ˿Ц⣬ϲԣ״Ļش𣬡֪ڽҰʱȥ㲻ͳˡ
죬ȻĻش̫⡣
磬һҪǣһѧء
ˮųص֣λЩᡣ
֪еĴ㣬һʱҲŵطţûǮǮӡ
Ӳ࣬⵱ȽģԺ׬Ǯٻҡ
ϴθʱѸʮǰɥ£Ҳûʣ¶٣ճҲܶһӡ
˼ʹϵӣЩ֣ġͨϵ֮áѾܹó޶ȡ
ڽվȽŸ취
ûйƴǣӹһӣСĵ䡣
С㣬ˡ
ȨǸ³ˡ
һֵּܽ󣬹߳ؾȥȴȡ
ؾǰĳһ£󷽷İַģס֣
˼²Ҫ£˵ľšȨ˲԰ߣô
ſڣصＸ䣬ûش𣬾Ѿȥ
վڽſڣתȥıӰȨ򲻹ܹһԺܰʲôôĵزľǣԳصβܵܡ
Ȩǽ˴ʱ뿴ŵС˵˵ݣʡ֮ٳ뽫
˽һ·ǰȣǱͥ
ŵãһźѾߣˡ
СڴԺȥүȨǴԸѾϲ裬֮뿪
ų֮ǰȨߵĵ֣ҪôܰҪԼߣúúɣû취ܾС
Ҳһλ£ֵּܽĴݲȣԵЩִٲ
˽ԭҪǰؾϣʱҪҲϣҪЮ˽֪ù˽á
ûм̫棬ؾĶЩɽˮĿⲻʱƮ⡣
һ洫Ųƺֹһˡ
ѭȥˣһۿȥǽһӶˡ
վɫһתϴż¹ľн
ؾվȻҲţֵжһ£Ҳվ
ʱѿżá
Ǹ佫Լʧɢ׹ŮǼȴ˵Щ׽Ļ
ߵǰ˶٣ϥʰȴǳһ˽
ʹúĸ߰˷񣬿һ̣Ȼԭ˻δ޸ʱĽģ
ţôнأýиײŶѽ
ĸ첲ȫȻûˡ
̧ͷһۣϴɬЦЩη壬ϼˣǰԼ
ƤҲ̫ˣԺһˣɱôн
˵䣬һŮͺ͹£ֳǣռʮĹ
һֱڹԣ˽úԼԶĵطվţȻ鲻ҶͻȻѰûʲô顣
ϵĲ£ŤŤĽףϺĸס
ֺǺǵķ£Լڹߵλӡ
ǶʲôѽǵǡԺɵúúõչã֪𣿡
ǡǿһĨװѺõЦݣá
ЦЦɵĽãá
ף鵽վһԵĵܵǣٴվܵףĸҵܵܣؾɽˮ˽ͽˡ
ͬվһţݼλĹϡ
޲ֻ˵˼׻ȨȰȥЪϢֻѹ¡

 13 

ǲۣܺؾһãСΪߣ֪ĴڣܿˣΪ㡣ЩΣΪ˵˵
ֵּܱߣֻʣԼʱͻȻ򿪻ϻӣ͹˵𻰡
һ˿ӣ̧ͷһֵۣܿͷ
ŮּСسǣĸҺܺãһֱҰŮһûп̱ңԻ븸ײҪ𡣡
˵Ķʵ˼ĸţĻˣ˵˵ۿͺˡ
ȴΪίϲ˵ôο񱻴紵һ̹ŮϸһòĶˡ
Żһ˿ģѹͳȥ֮һдϡϷ򸾼֮ʮֺĵԭգû֡
¾ܹŵģһԵټ
ؾҲҪܵܣΪ˱ɣԼСֺһʲôӡ
ûλ̸˳ĻĸжͻȻܵСǸŰ꣬Ҫ˽ͣҲܷǶĸûڲһ
ͷû˵һԵȴϻ磬ţĸ׵Ķԣ͵ܵǵĸԼ˶ܹ⣬Щ֪ˣ˵лɲǸ׽ܡûñأοǻġ
񽥽Ʒ⻰еΣ̽Ҫ͵ܵܣ
ѽ㿴֮ǰүѾӦ㣬ܵһϾнĹأڸҲôǵݣǺһסɣίǣǵүһдɣʮֲףһȫ֮ƣǷܽܡ
˵ʱЦӯӯǰǱȰɱˣһŮ˿أȻʲôˣҲͶûз
Σ濴ϣĸ׵˼ΰŲ׵
ϸЦ˵ǵ뷨ү˼ǣڸǰһլӣ㹻˾סٸھҺʵѧѧÿ¿Ըһѣǿ԰ļѧҵҪˣʱԹȥǣҲ˽˵лǺǣ⸮ϾסλδС㣬ھѽҵΪҪɾһ˿ڮ١
λĸĵ˵һжΪʵֻΪ˹ҵ˵ǰˡ
źۼĿһһԽŹעӦĹֻһգ۵ĹܿӦ
Ǿסĸ׵İţֻҪܹܵʳǣѧҵҲǶԵĸҵ
ǫõ̬ȼڴĹǰνʮϲŹͷҵĺùŮܹǵѴο
ǳǳһЦɬĵͷ
ǰһСıǵȨƵĸףӶʧȥòһ顣
һĻĻǰʱֻ̾ǶôаΪ׾һĸĴãǶ䵭Щԭģ¹ĻޣҲ⡣
ΪԣЩİһ˿
֪ŻţͰԼûˡ
мС£·ȨҲСǸϣô껥֮񣬾ĸ֮һҺүŻǰڸϣģͬΪС㣬ǻһͬʣֱӦõĳ谮
ʼά΢Ц⻰źƹƽⲻ֪С˵ǵһͬʣѾǶĲƽ
Ϊ˷㸮˳ƺԺǻС㣬С㡣
ڣϵ΢Цʧüͷ΢΢ż
ĸô֪ͱҴأ
⣬ϸסˣһ۹Ҳ
ԭΪϻĹǸȣ˵ʲô˵ãû뵽ССĳƺ浹档
񣬸˶дСҲô꣬ͻȻǸĿǲϰߣһƺʲôġ
ŷϵĻĸ⻰񲻸ҹͬףΪ򵱰СҴǳΪС㣬Ҳ޿ɺǣҵĸ׶֪ʵ˭֪
վ߽ǰҪ۸Ҳȳڽ˹Ⱨ֮űģô㣬Ҳȣ˵ߵ֪ýŮһŮ֮£׵˶С㣬ǻ֪ôŸءԿηɹĸ׿ǸողŽ̻Ů
һ˫峺ûһ˿˵ĻȴǾģʱ˵һԼүұŵĺͿ档
Ƭ̣ù˵öԣ˸ĿڣǴС㣬ǶС㡣дߣһǮ

ү˻ϲҷҴӦ¡
ȫ̲δڹʱͷ˼Ͱ͵ģڹҼ
ףи֮룬ϣܹȫ
תָŵȨڻؾ·ϣǲɱƴ໤ܷߣȫ
ô£Ȩʵ

 14 

Ȩʱ߽ã;еı˵Ψ³سⲿ֡
Ȩŭӣ˭ô󵨣ҵŮ֣Ըȥ˳£û˻ڣȥǳǵطʬ壬ܷʲô˿Ƿ׳죬ҲҪ˸ҳ
Ȩȥȥ£ֱлȵȣȥɣԺ͸С㣬СһëΨʡ
ǣ
ȨӦøɴ࣬ȴǿŽ潫£ܲͷصĻᡣԺŴС㣬ﻹгͷ֮գఴʸЩǮٲСʶЩǮ
Ըɣ˵˻ԼˣȻȥЪϢ
Ȩʱᵽһ·岻ʣ۲ˡû˵˴ϣ˺һֻûʲô󰭣ЩϢͺá
򣬹͵һ԰ӣ԰δ֣˵ǵȡ
Ȩ͵ڣԸѾǺúźԼȥڣѹһһֻ֮ص԰ӡ
㲻С̫Զ԰רŹѾסӣԱһķ䣬Լͨͨȥ
ڰԼ׵֮ȹȥݣʹѾߣϴ˯£ûԸģҪҩ֮ٽ
Ǻ͹һ궼ãݵ̫棬˯š
磬Ҳסˮϲʣܺ˭ϼ䣬һ·ҲȨ졣
ţүұС㡣
ˮȸԾԺǾܼء
Ȩǰ⺢ӣҪȨǽǸôϲĺӣᱻ˷ļţúмշǰ;һƬϧˣƽӹעھƲʲôˡ
ү˵ھǰŸլӸֵסϾŮбǺʹСסһ˷顣
Ȩ͸¶ϢֵȻһܴجġ
ؾܹܣɽв⣬Ҳ֪Ըı䣬ΨˮӲȣһҪͰֿ£ôأðһס⸮һ
ɽʱס죬ټ˵
ؾæȨǣС¡
Ȩһ·ۼ֤Ľ֮ĸΪһͻȻ˵ҪֿЩܲʵ
ЩνȥܻС鷳ġ
ؾ
˼ҵ֮һõģҪѣĪҪ֪˱˵ӡ
л硣ؾġ֣صл⾩ǣز죬һȫŽˣԸǣֻܿԼʱܶʵʱѣϧ֮
ȨһӲŻѣҲȻطЪϢ
ʣֵţոյЩ˷ܡȫʧʣµֻǼ뿪㣬ˡ
Ҳ̫ɥˣǶھǣʱܼţΪѾŬһû취ŲòЭӣΪѵġؾԴ̵̬λܵܣ¹󿴵ƲֵӣҲŲġ
ɽ̾ϢףֻҪЩʱӦˮͿɱʵˣڰǰ˵
ˮƵĿλֳһ밢ģҲ˵𣿡˵ԺҪŬģô˵ֿҪֿأССԴ̫಻⡣
*
˯һʱȵѾ߽ҩʱ۾
ò˯Ѵ򿪵İ¶ǣҩ˲侫ӣδܵ˵йסڸ£һȥ
㣡
ˮһ⵽ĳ֣˹ȥ߲˲䣬ǲᣬû˵
ĿעϣҲҡ
һֵ²ߵӣµѾ˸ǡ
Ƕ֪ˣ
ǣˮȥ£ȡˣǽ˾ûѪԵϵͬסڸ±˵ġ
㲻ýͣסؾĻֵܼ̬ȡ
ֻҪǶЩί㲻ʲô
ؾͶ͵Ŀ⣬УǱǻҪ׵ˡһʱҾͻȥǣǳԷù飬͵һ֪𣿡

 15 

õܵǣŷġ
İЧʺܸߣڶգܼҹػ˵λӵסլѾ׼׵͵ƾӹȥѧҲѾͨãռѧ
ʱ˳ѹǵµǮһԼǷȻҪȵܵǵĶöࡣ
ǷתָؾǸ磬Ӹ⣬ûĲҪʡС
ؾӹӣѧòԼƽʱֵܵĳԴöȣ˶٣ǻжء
ûʲôζӸõˬ졣
ȨæͳҲȥǣŵլӲԶҪ·ϺһȨ˵լѧñȽϽҲǷ㣬ֻҪǣ·ԶһЩ
㣬լӱصլӻҪһЩסźÿء
ٵɽѵڸп䡣
ΧתһȦʵ²ɣҾȫʲôһ䷿ֵסºܿճ䣬żޣҲõûطס
ԽĹأѱȵɡ
ͻȻֻ뿪ĳأûҹ֪İ٣жķ䣬֪ܵǲܳס͸סһ໥ҲиӦ
ʱĳھĽֵԶԶųյĴţΥ˵ĺһж˵ա
ĸ׳ĴүʼٽڲͻȻ˻飬ĸ׵ʱѾУȴҺͼĴѾ뿪ǣԼ
ʱĸ׺ľֻһ۱徣ȥ
ʣѾΪѾֻЩ첹Ļƶȴδ
ϧþѾȾȥţ¶Ϊ
ΪǶʱ̣ʧȥˣʧȥѣͨͨȥ
Ȼһĳһ죬ͻȻ˽٣֪Լӻؾǣͽ˺үס
ԭүԭ˼Ϊǿƣ׼ү檣Լֲֻүһӡ
Ҳûʲô£ƫƫΨһĶ黨ǲݣմȾһղ
ͣϥӣүĶӣȥڡĲ֣Ǻүһֱ֪Ĵڣȴ޶áֱʵûѡ񣬲ϻԼơ
ү֮ӵӵȨƣٲȻȨԼܳĲߵһ֮¡֮ϵλãȴүĸ׷µۣ˸ųն³
үĸ׵ûκϵ֪ĸ׳ţ֮Ůǰ֪ȫ࣬ĸףǸĸסĴڡϵˡ
ͷһֵ̣︡ȴǿѪСĶʱ顪
Ϊʲôأһûʱϸ룬գ۵Ĺȴصʮꡣ
ĵһͷȥҹ
ٴμһ̣뱣ıˣ޹ͷѿٻ֮ȥ
Լ֮ٻһиµĿʼ
Զõ˼гգգʹ۾ں۲һ죬үδڸϣҪĻȥõȵڳУôⳡʵĺϷ
غֻĵһ
û֮ᰴԼļƻıĸԼǿһΣҪȡǱܣҪĲʡ鲻ԸİѾλø
*
ܵǵլӣֱȨһȥѧá
ѧùȻܽвһӾܵˮһҲƣ
ھĴطˣ㿼ȫ
ϣϵͦá
С㣬լӡѧöҲʱظȨСѡ
Ϊ͢佫ҲҪȥ糯ʱ񵢸飬зδػԣڽϯǹؽ֮һκͼһԷǲȱϯ
ȨѸ˴С㣬һһΪ룬ֱӹϵպǰ;
ؾܵǾ鷳ˣչǡ
͵ܵһһȨĴߴ²뿪
˵ýʱܹɹǹŹŵġ
Ȩ𣿡
ͻȻʵ
һЩ򵥵Ĳʽǿڡ
Ȩʵش
ζĿһۣá
䲻ܺ͵ܵͬԷзܻǿԵģһڵķˣһܸжɡ                        
лҪ˵ŻȺʮӣôͳأ

 16 

ʱһһãԣڹ࣬ĹվſڣһĿںڵĳ棬Цѡ
֣ЦȥٲȻһ˼ҵɡ
΢΢ף߹ȥߡ
ס
վм䣬ĺһ
չȥŲŲվߣûҪ뿪˼ͷźѾʹʲôСŵӹ
ǸŮ⻹ǵһͬԷұϡܵŮ׽࿪ģǲŮϵĻᡣ
һֱڹԣвչܵһռλãɫһ¾ͱˡǸĻģ˺ֺܿװûƵŹ¡㿴ү㣬Ϳˡ
һٷԸвˣȻܣĵлʱҲʢ
˵Ĺϵȷʵһ׽࣬ʮķ붼ڣǹ˴󽫾谮ĹԹŮҪһ
ȫ̰÷ż̧һۣоĮ
粻ϲЩǰˣ۸ʱȥֻƫǸСųá
пѪԵϵʲô˵˻Ǹݣûи˺ͨʲôǰ塢벻ͨŲһֱõ飬ڵиֵһᡣ
ԭںʱϵܹãΪϻŮһԭΪҽԼ֢
ŹĿǰĿأԿϺ͹ѹҲȻ
һͬڸɢʳƽʱϰߣȻڹԣı䣬ףʱȨڸתתϲ̫巽򣬳ԺӶԶЩͲ֪ôȥˣԺ峿סĸ밲ǳٵϣĪҪһǰ;·
˵⻰ʱû֮ǰ˭Сʱ治µСһģԽùԺﲻǰƽ⡢磬ٶԱŵϣòм֮ͬ⣬ԸʵԶ
޵ǰһܣԳܡɥŮ֮ʹǰ̣ǰǿ޸ǰ󶼸ôůЩϵ飬ޡǰĹʱ޿̲޵ȱ
񣬲·Ϊܻҵġ
ֱʣѳ
ţ׾ĴңҲǷĴݲС
һСԸ׵ѹĻŭţʳ·ͻӵ԰ӣνǶʮֳ谮
谮Ͽˣе˺ܿҲˡ
ϵûһҵԶԶͣ˵һͷʰʮعء
ȻҲȥΪѸϵˣֻ뵽ǰ⸮ܵĴεȴ಻Ҫ̫
*
˯ǰſڷ䴰ڣֿʼǸꡣ
ʱʹȨաݵźܴأеǸּ
ʹûзУΪǰǸůҲᾡԼܹ
ǡôϲԼİ£˵֪ν
ˣ֪סĶһʳҲûлᡣ

зˣ˷裬͸˭׽
˫°ͣȻ̾˿
׼شϢʱͻȻסһۿӵʱʵһĵĵͽӣȻܵҰϱҲûһѽ
ַʽֳ𴰻Էŵմɻƿ͵һðͷԴϡ
һҲŻƿҧȥ˭֪µĻƿûеѣǱһֶ˹ȥȵֵ˿۹ġŭЦ
գգ۾ǰЦùľȻǳء
㣡ôһ
ɰŵã
꣡
˸ƣʾҪôͷѾи꣬ǻ
ѶĻƿڻ֧ڴڣڽһпɺã
ܴáãأĶסţѵַңпȥǴӡ
ɵĿ۾ķܼԣȻ˵

 17 

ڹУڽĹĶǣ͡Ҳﲻαضһա
ԼǱ˼ͷˣҪʮæЦ
һҪİ
ȷ˵طٸ㡣
գүظĲųҹȴ˼ҸҪĹġ
׻С£һ͸֪ŵСӻжô˳⡣
ӻ𣿡
ĻǴؼ·ԼͻϽΪƵȹװôһԱ֮£صװ֪ΪͻȻЩᡣ
δش뿪ߣ̨ܵǰҳӵϻӣִóӡ
صߣ֣ӷ
ǵĻسǣʲôҪһЩ϶Ӱ
Ц浭ĿССһӣֿ۾ϴθĻûлꡣ
֪ôģôһۣǻһȡ
췢ǮжʮأﻹԣЩҽģԺǮٻҡһ㲻ĻǮ꣬ʹʲôҲضΪ̳ˣӶԺ˵ֱǾţһëʱһˣܶ໹һЩɱȴǮׯϢ߶ˡ
ѽʲôءǮͲͼرΪ˱
񷢾Լƫˣ̧ͷڿԼʱչ̡
ûͿ߰ɣƼΪʲô˽ء
˵һѣ󣬰Ƶһģȥ
Դȥˤûˤţȴ˴ûзֱҹ
ͷæͷ
Ԥеʹûг֣ͻȻס
ϰſڴڣ̧ͷĳء
ô
ûˤŰɣڵʵ
ѴڵϵӲĻҳս
ôððʧʧģô˼Ҷͷ˵
˵úСſڴڵĹû塣
˵ʲôŬԴҪĻ
ȴֻЦЦְסĶͷƻط䡣
ˣСġ
䣬´񣬷ǽܿ첻Ӱ
Ƶ߻شߣֻ߶߶ģҲ˵ǰֻǲ˵Ҳ
¶ϣֵҲ㲻ʲô᣷£ﱾ΢ĵƹ͸ᣣֻʣһ͵Ĺߡ
иܣ˭Ҳ߹
ºڣС£رҹ˾ʱһ˯ʱڵϹĻ˯òãѡ
ʱΪ˸ĸʡͣ˯ǰᴵϨ͵ƣ뿪֮ǰӲ֪ܳ׵ŵ˯ֱӻؽֲƿԳײ𣬾źѾҲһϲ˯ʱ׼ź
ķ۾˯ȥ
*
ʱûҪһһԣΪ˺׽һ÷
ԼԺｽһŸβԺӣһҲסȴδ˼ԼƬСأֻӣıǸһУԺһһݡ
һСѾҪȥ÷ϵСѾźġ
ƤӶû̧һ£ڲͲĸ緹ˣллĸ׵⡣
ͽ糯ϰԼ緹Ψϲ͹һ顣һ뵽ҪĸŮĪ˵ǳ緹ȥЩҪ³
ǷūСȥ׼˷ʢ緹͵ŴС㡭
СѾ߼ԸȥȰš
ҹȥѺҹȥͻȻСѾߡ
ѾãæһͷȻСȥ
ȻǷȥɣ㲻Ȱ
ˮưݸԺŵѾߣתݣûǴСѾߡ
ݣǰһԵѾ߷ԸȥǸһ˿棬ӼǶţþͶ˹
ڣСող˵
ոУѾɻʳڲŷԼˡ
Ƕǲʲôʱֵ£
ʣﻹ֮ǰݵľн
Ѿŵһ¹ǰū澶죬ū֪
ǻȥ
ǡǣūȥ
һⳡ棬ѾһƤˣٲ͵ġ
ĴСүĳ谮ƢС˭ҵѽ
һʱ䣬˶´СӾη˿ð

 18 

Ǻ
·糾ʹӳһ·غǰʱȴһ¡
ǰòԼмƵ꣬ºܿµԷ˭˲룬ȴԷݡ
ιںſڵǺүĵϽÿ
ſڵСݵĳڳǰͳ¸
ضĿˣʱĳ»ڴ⡢緢䲻࣬ΨһĶӽҲʮ꣬Ѿˡ
Ȼвƣٹһ࣬Ӿͻ᲻ɥɥӵĳӡ
뵽ﾡǱ䡣
С˼ȳ껹ÿ־Ҫһ̧֣Сƻشűߡ
߽ǰ̧ͷ̹Ķϳµ۾
ʹӣҲ˿ơ
ϵĳ··𿴵ʱԼֺƱʱԼӳ졣
ǳأүϵң
Сڳ˶
ĳߵԭǰĿȴֹ
ҽ˵
˵
鷿ϷţֻʣǶʱºȻ̾˿
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ôΪ㣿
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ҵĺӣݲӡҿԸھǰŸסҿʳǣȥѧҲ㰲׵ΨһҲܴӦ㡣
۾ʺƣΨûĴڡ
飬Įٴ֤ľûд
ҿӣ㲻סں
һĻѹûȥ°ˣ
ΪȢȨƵİĸ֮ĻԼֻļԺķչ
ŰƢãʲô˳ĵģź˶ŵù
ףұ㲻ٶ˵˰£١
鷿ߣᲦ֣°ͬ⣬Ҽһҿ˵
ƶ飬г¿һľ
ϾЩΪ֪СãҪǴȥҲðɣ
˫ֻǰԳС
û취ƵᣬЦЦ׽ĸ첲ѹвϹ˵ʲôСԴ
˶ֻ֪Ƣãȴ֪Ϸƫʹ̾зȤ³ʱǿӭȵ˶֮ҪԽԽ㣬²ԸⱻݲУĬڸ˸ӣרЩȤζ֮޷֮ʵ̹ʱзġ
Щ±ֻǷ޶֪ӳصĿ˵δ˵ƣ¾֡
Ҫô취£ҪôҼƳеݣҸɱˣھѣֻҪһδȥͻЩ¹֮ڡ
µ΢΢
ô˽£ô֪ģö֪ھǺ˵˵ܻͷ˵
ţȥͷ̸̸
·ȥǰ鷿ſڣ뿪벽
鷿ⲽԺųǰĵģԶԶ
Ҫ˺ǸԵαߣǻĥʹȥ
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ܾѾ߻ȥתĻʱˤ˱ӡ
Ž۰ѧĿˣżѽ
ĸױӲֵáɵϲȹǽĲգȰѽǷ֦ͷˣɲ
ߣָʢһ࣬ٵһӡ
ĸףѽϾǸļϵˣ׶ãʲô£Ҳȸ׻ú˵˵
Ȱţǽһ
ˣҲ˳ˣ侲Ѿ˶Բߡ
Ͳţͽķ޸飬ֲһջ׵ѾͷƬӡ
ǱᣬԹ棬Ȩͳ˽
ܵǵլӣԸȨʼ׼Ȩһߣ±Ļ
ȵʱֵܻϢԶԶȴżŨŨζ
ζǴԺƮģ
ؾƿԺţƼȨһӳ߳
磿ôŷһû˼ʡ
Ȩָָ÷򣬡СǶţר̸ġ

 19 

һǰˣˮһãڹ
㣬ôˣ
͸ϲЦеСԴĿɲĵӡ
ԺǶиԵҵͼͥҲ˴˿Цݡ
Ǿˡ
ܼͬһȨҲйһԷȨԭͲͬԷջֲ
Щ˶ģöЩġ
ΪȨһ⣬컹ö鷳ء
Ȩȥס⣬ϵЦסСǰרְǰĶǵѪӣ˵ˣȨ᲻ֹпԡ
СլߣѾվԺб·ڣܿͷζֻ˵Щʲô
С㣬ǸŴСʲôѽǼܵܣ緹ޣ̳ܲģүǮ˵ǸϴѾ߻ء
ѾһۣұԹ׸Ǯ𣿡
ѾæͷǣūֻС㲻ֵССҰʲôҲᣬһظͶСĳ谮СͷҪСʵ̫ˡ
죡
Сƺһڽô꣬С⸮ϵĴС㡣
ԭĸ׶͸˵ˣǴС㣬˭֪ĵģһƺҪӲӴС˶С㣬ô̹
ڸ׶Щ飬ĸ׶άֳǶ۰мӣ⽫վļҡ
ֻҪø׶Թʧʧȥôıӣôڽҫ
СլվãֱǳԹ³ȥѧãȨլԺѾһ̶ȥ
֮ҲûŻؽȨĿջҼҽЩȥܷҵء
С㣬ǵĿջ˵ҲʮңЩСջҪһҼҹȥһ춼Ҳꡣ
һ£е뷨
ҹصģֻЩģҪһʱͷӬһȥѰû뷨
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һûôѾߣȴͬѾߣһѾߣʣĸͨѾߡ
룬һϰŹߡ
ǼѾǸϸλȳСģ˸үͶСһ
Ȩ⻰˵ûָĸĸãȴǵ˵
Բ£߻ⲻ鷳
ؿ˵۹ô׼
ǻʣһأ
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ͷѾ˴㡣
ȻûκιᵽźǸ֪ϽģĸҲɡ
еǣǲŻظߵ֣ȥ֬ӣЩȥ˳̣Լüѣ˳ܵǸһףϰֱȥǶ
쵽ʱ֣ȥ˾ľ¥˼ĸ㣬˳һֻѼ
Ȩһֱߣ·ᶫС˵Ļ
ӴԽãԽλС㲻򵥡
ССͣŴ²İĵطԶˣûܽжȣͶãһж֮࣬С
ⲻһСܹյʣȴõˮ©ʵò
ŷؽڹظǰ˼š
δߵǰ߽һתЦӭȥֽĸ첲סס
һףеùĶҪˡ
רӭΪؼ𣿡
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ʱĺȴ񽫾㸸ŮТһƬ͡
ºͰϷСһ˽ҪǺסһ䣬ϵĲ豭һء
£ǶԵҰȢʱô˵ģ˵ãҴκ鷳ģʲôѾǶĴȱȻвң
˵ʱĵžž죬ǰ޵һηη
ˣ֪֪ô£¡ϵǺ棬洫ȥĸҲʧӡ
עŴǣȰµˣֻԸ

 20 

ΪάĸӣҲΪ˳Цͬ⽫
ȺͳԼ£ű˵пͳغƽദűĺгûʱܸСһɫ
ڵӦ£ֻҪĸϻͬ⣬ǳ׷ˡ
ȥ鷿ŰĻԭⲻĻظ
ԴǺҳҵף۶⻹Ƕڣ㶼ҳµӣԴסжһ׼ÿԣǱ⣬Ҳûޣôôҷ˾Эһ
½˵ú׼˳زݣݣôһµͷˣȻµġ
ȱǮһûʲôˣ˵ҪʱӰ쵽Ƕӵǰ̡
߸ϵ˿ûд̼ģоЦһˣԺ󾹻һأ׿š
УͰ˵İ죬Ӿӡ
Ժף̺ơ
һ˳µԸһΣôôù
ﰵ˼ƻ¼һڴӦдϲܼң˵֮󣬾ùܼҸŸСԺӣԵס
óزעʱķԸܼңԺӰŵǰԺԶһЩڰǰǷϵš
ܼҽذŵһԺӣǺţǼΪ㡣
ûκ°ԺĴ߶һȦ˴ŵ˽⡣
ãܼɹѾߣ˵ҪźӣȥʹѾߣӺԺӵɨΨķ䣬κ˶롣
ѾǸոӾܴܲǸζĵүôƢӣʲô¶ûŶѾߵͷȴµѾߵӻܸԸ
Ȼū澾ū澣ôԸҲֻܴѪ̣Թ䣬˽ҲӵĲǡ
ڷûã°ͳԺӣ·ǰԺȥ
ϲ˶֪ݣӭʱҲûʰģѹЩһ·ߵ±ӵСԺվһʱż߽
Ǹ͵ӣǰĶӣͱȷΪļ̳ˣѰ˵ζβĺ׵ʱڳ͢ռݲɻȱĵλΪĶӣǼ̳күλΨһѡ͵ЩóĻӵ»ҪЩ
Ӧ֮ӣһΪ
߽ԺԺпһˣﲻʱŮϷĻЦ֮ǰֻ͵Ļ񣬲ˣյǰȻǺҪԼһ
˭֪òʱҡҡͷͬĸĵܱܵʾм
úӵݱ֮ǰҪ꣬һаļƻȲǰڵϢĹÿηֿʱеĶţʹĸӣģůġ
Ҳ֪ʳǣ˸ɽ״ʡĲѡ
СҼҵģɲá
֪ΪΣ˴ط꣬һֵĸо
еԸЩ𣬽ʱ͸롣
ָı˵Ǽ£ֻҪ뿪ܵܣԺгϢʱȻǲ벻ǳɲĵĽ㡣
ԭ·ȥӷóոչܼҸǮװŲӣС֪ӣҲ֪ͼΪЩʲô
Ժ󣬾ֱų˺ĽֵȥŸӣ֬ˮۡ޳СʯӦоС
ֻҪӣû򲻵Ķ
˼鱦̣װθûʣϸ񹤣඼鱦ûеĿʽ
óе֮ǰµĻһԴƵĶ׹ŷᣬۼȴͣҪǿʽرǶһݵ档
ŵҰװõСУӯ˽ȥ
ǵĸ·Ϥư˹յľ͵˽ǰΪǣٷǽȥΪŹ
ҪҼҴС㣿֪ǺˣҼҴСк£
ſС˼һװ̬ͨȲЩ                        
лҪ˵ĸ³ǸǸ࣬Ʒб֤һֱոʱ価69㣬ʵҲ12ǰ

 21 

ҡ
ضǰСˣôһɣСٲţԹӦظȥͨ
˼άСܴԺӣֱһɻСˣʶʲôأȷҵģ
˼Ź漫ϣʹʶЩӡүҲǽֹڶһĹϡ
С˱ôһʣͻȻӦ˼ҪҵǴС㣬С粻ǰλүϻĹŶѽ
С˵ͷⲻǣò״ӹߣСȥĴСǶ
ѾԺ︧˭֪С˸ϣͲã˼ҵĲһҲ֪ǴСƺˡ
úõĴС㣬һҾͳ˶С㣬ԩҡ
۲գԭΪֻǴһҰѾͷ˭֪ҪֵĽ̵ԸĹָƣһһж;ǵĹټСûһΥ͵ĵط
Ĵ䷨Ѹ׺÷տüЦ
С㣬ϵģб˼ҵĹС粻ѽ
ѾߺԵѡ
ʱ˼·ѽôû뵽С˽ᣬȥǲ˵Ļ
ջطϵ֣վֱǰԺȥ
ԺŽϽȹһǰԺԺһǣ̣õƼɾͿ˺Ϸġ
˲ӣԼǰԺĴߡ
һС˴£ǰԺԶԶųأӿŲӭȥ

ϤкţϴŲչ¶ʵЦݡ
ԶԶվſ˵þЩԶ˵ʲôóСУݵ
ĻϲЦݸҵѽ
򿪽УǶ;Ķ׹ӣƯʹǴ棬Ϻ͹ЩΣ׹ӵǿ̣Ǹо޲ѡ
ΪʲôôصĶ
ϽУͷǰꡣ
кҪףҳԷ
ЦһסкҪףΪʲôҪԷ
ⲻ߼ѾԹҪԣȴֻԿţöѽ
Ҹˡ
졢ĿһȻҳԷӡ
ĽУһٷһԴ׹ǲԿġ
аɣţ棬ſתǼζ
ţߣҲͬͬ⡣
ͺ̲ԶĸֱǽǼרţӡ
ȥװҪţ棬͵һǶЩʲô
ѺǰһƣԼԶԶģ±֡
̱ԼСƳֻ߹ȥװڹһԵ¡
ؽţ棬ҶЩţ⣬ǮҲûϵ
ǳʱ򣬶Щ⣬رţ⣬кôŶ
˵ţĺôȫһԲֻǲʱͷԱʾԼ
ƺܿţǰһƣҸոճԹɱأ԰ɡ
һţ滻ȫҵ㡣
һֹͷ棬ζȷʵֻΪԵЩᡣ
㻹û˵ʲôҪףأĵҪһĺ°ɡѵǼǮˣ˸öң
˼ֿܣһһԼ䵭ԸС
ڳһ棬ػӻ֣ƣ롣
ı˸ݣԺʳǣǮԲҵġ
Ŷͦõѽ
СУȻʳǣǮǵǰӻѽСﻹ绹Ǯʵء
ȥӣǮôôأһֻʵĶţ

ۡһڲˮ׼ϣ˲ϲµĲˮɴ۾˵ʲô
ôȥ˺
ǳүӡ
ɶôϵˣ
ȫϽ࣬ôһҾҵүӣһѽүûʲô飬ֱӲţү˺󣬲Ҫϻӡ
Ժʲô£ǵùңһỤ㡣
ӣǣһü˵
ô𾪵Ϣһ͵ĺﻹסûˡ
̧ۿȥ̿첽ߵıӰ

 22 

Ÿճͱ˸٣ûʲôԣûгֹ
Ǹո˵ĻŶǹȥ
ڸ鷳ǵú˵
ظ
ͷȴǣڽԺ鷳ȥˣҪ׮׮˵ҲﲻѽٻѶϼ£үʲô
⻰㣬ѹûϡ
ţ¶ǣųԱˡͰ͵ȥǮӵţɹɹˣţͻСӣԷԼپܰ
ܵܵסַңҳȥǡ
ͻؽǰؾ˵䡣
ӦСҪ򣬽һҲǽ̣Ҳǽ̣ԺףܵŪһ̵̵˭ܾͨͿǸ˵ݺŬ
ϸסַ߳أòǹǶѧأ̫ʱ䣬Ӱɲеġ
ǱֻгһܹȡҪǰô·
ûзȴٹ꣬͢ǵҲǿԼһдһƬأĻ£״Ԫ֮Ҳ
״ԪҲ
ĻΪṩ˼·ЩǵǱܣٳ֪ҲУǸа
˷ֱ󣬹ֱԼСԺȨһˣš
С㣬ȥʱСˣСһȥ˷˷û
ӶûȣһϢһ֪ȥأܹǰȥ״ӦúôϢųֲʧС档
Ϣͦͨġ
ЩԾȴδԵûңǰǱѹģ֪ڹѹһͷᡣ
룬ܿ˶Բߡ
Ȩ΢ͷôʱ̲ס̧ͷһۣ֪ûʲô˼ʵϾڸж꣬͸˵ĹϵǲСѡߣҲǿһ㡣
˵ֱӣƽ˴ǻģ֪񲻻ᡣ
ûõֻҪңҶṼҳϡ
ĿȨ̫ԲʣʱǱһʲô̬ʱݷԶغ򣬴ʱ˿̣лûиȷеĴ𰸡
ȨǵһӶáʣǵĹϵԲ̫ãȴ⡮Ϊж
˵ǰǲѸŹ񣬻ȫʱЩǰ
ûһ裬ǰԺ˹ȥ˵
ô˻ȥΪ˽֮£һ϶ﲻסҪֵ޷˯źá
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һԣϺ͹壬滭Եø졣
ڵϹһ˾һ壬Ĵ壬Ѳս֣
ˣ
ۼķԶԶкȥ
ֻ΢΢Цţȴֱߵǰ
ףôҹ֪Ϊ£
ֱ˵ʻ˹˼һ´̽䡣
Ѿսᣬ̾˿ùԱ˵
񣬸㣬ʱּҷ򸾿и㶩ף
ߵĵͷõŸ硢ĸ׻˼ֻ
Լˣûʲô˵ġҲ˽һĹԺźø㰲š
ţʲô
ɵĿһĸŮǲ˵ģôö˶˵ľ˽ʷˣ˼Ժ׶
糺죬û֨һ
ߣǾģոɶпգĸ׻㡭˵ةӣҵɾҪ¶ģȻ˻ûףл
ԭ˵㣬һ⣬˵ﲻԾֱ
ϼĸ͵ѽкüҲѡͷٸܽܡ
ĸ׻ýŵĻû뵽ءԾ죬ģжྪˡ
ǿԼϵãһüף˼ҵ˼ȥҪ
ѽˣĸôýֲĲ¡ҽ
һˡ

 23 

þգûپʹ˻ȥƫͷĸûüΪҶף˫˫
ھǣˣ
⻰ʵҲֱӣµתĽͳ֮ͼӴ׵Ľ
һԥԥĻش𣬡ҲеģʶһڼҴ磬˴λؾһ˾ǡ
Ŷ˭ҵĹӣ⣿
ʮĵѭѭյ˼ôشΪʣһԵĹͻȻ죬һּȱĵ˵ף˼˽ˣ㻹˼û˼ⲻŵҪȥǽҪˡ
ǣôô˵ãⲻ˼ҪãӰ¶Ҳ˿࣬㼱ʲô
˻й˵ףоԼϹҲסͷ䡣
ϼ˵ˣæеƷ߹󣬺
ҪǰãǸʲôѽ
һȰҲִȥ˶ƺڵ̬
һиѽҪôһˮҪôƵ˶ףЩ޳ȥٰǵۡ
ԭţ
΢ЦϺһͨ
ףĸףмʲôɣҽȷʵǼһ棬棬ȥⳬãﲻô˵˽ᣬ˶ٷ
˵꣬ʱĲһ䣬˵ǹӻ㶫Ƕ𣿡
򵥵ۣôһ䣬˽ᣬԳ
ûס˸ۡ
ã
ʣίĿǣȻ˵ġ
ôء
֮£˵ˣϢͨء
һʣʱײ˵ˣǹǿȥվС赽˵Ҳǹ㣬ɵɵıƭ˽
˽ڶδӹǿ˵⻰̬ȣͶԹȻͬǰôɵɵûпء
һֳԴһֳŹףҺûʲô˵Ĺϵ
ôһĶҪˣﻹǵ֮ǰ˵ʲô
úúã˵ûʲôûʲôʱҲˣЩȥϢ
λ˵Ƶߡ
ת֮ʣϵ˲ʧڻ̲סʼʹӣԭΪܹٶһʱ䣬ȲĺøУٽ¶β͡
ػһԽ֮ǰԼȫ͸Щ˶̬ȣĹԼĺý㣬ΪжϵԼĺĸףһ䵭ĹǣҲֻǲϲ׽Ϊ䵭ˡ
ô⣬ôγɵأѼǲ嵱ʱ̬
Ȩ黹ɣҲ֪û̫ţûǰѯ
ЩˣȨʲôѺеǰȥԸ׼ˮԡ
ӵӦ£ܳȥԸ⻹δϢѾǡ
Ѿ߳ȥͰˮÿÿǰʱҪһεЦǽԡͰˮַͰԱãȥԡ
ԡҪ̫źֻѺԡңѾ߶˳ȥ
վһԺźŲƣ
Ϊˣ
ԡͰͷԡͰأƼ
ûûеģֻǼλūܹСźԹԣϾū澽ãԭǸʹѾߣźӲϸ¡
ˮůУʶ۾һ̵ʡģûһ㹥ԣʵʵҪʵѾߡ
ϸ²ϸ¶ΣҪԵҳϡ˵ʲô㲻⣬ֻҪҷԸ飬㶮𣿡
͵ĵͷŷĿ񣬡ūס
ԡ󣬹˯ر˸ֵΣεرүۣ˸ųնı³
Ҫ˿ͷһ̣סԼ˫ۣҲһ̣оѣعʵ
ĺһָؿڣסİοԼһΰˡ
үӴڰ󣬳ҲãָӵҲգôҲܻ³
ˣûټ˯׼ȥԺ
һţ㲵Ĺ

 24 

㡣
ĵ㣬йﾪһСǲʲôС˼ʲôǰء
ͣסŲӦһò΢Ц
֮£ûð֮⣬ֻǹĽ㣬½㱻˸ƭˣ⾩ѽӿɲ٣Щ죬ƭӣĴ˸ڲʵϧ
һҵľ룬濴Ź۾۾￴Щʲô
ûУһϣʲôҲ
һľ׿ǸˣԲ
ˣҳݵȷʵЩ²ööࡣ
ô˵ǰסֱۣ㲻£ʲô׵ĶңҶԾǿϤˡ֮ǰҺͽ̫׽½⡣
ʲôüбۿ
¡½ռ˽ĸݣֱ˸׵۰
ͷһ˿εζ
ҵȻƿ֣ޱĴġ
⻰һƣʱ֮أ̧ۿ˿񣬡ҶԲס㣬ܹЩöڽĸݣ㣬ԭҺòãԺҴ׽㣬һӶá
ǣ֣ıݡ
Ღ֣Ըⱻ
δٿڣͻȻһתǳһŹͺѾĺ˵ôʧݵǸţʱǸӣ֮У
һȻԭء
żȻԺǰ˵ҲкǶһ͵˵ոǳϷ鲻ݸݸǿġ
ǽŻĹʣȰ⻤ĸ硣Ǹ磬㲻Ҫ˵Ӧõġ˵꣬ϵıԸί
ٿȥǰϷ룬˸ۣתֱǰԺȥ
ʱѳϳǰԺֻϺ͸ɻǣһ·߹ȥû˸
ĸ밲ˡ
΢΢һòʺ
ŲˣһȵĿΪʲôҪ飬˭Ϲ밲󣬱ʲôҲû˵ŷˡ
׷վſڿıӰּ͹ǽ
ĸףˣ
ȿϣϿһĹǣֻЦЦǰ˵밲ģƽһ緹Ըղ֪ôô
ڹڳû˵̫࣬к˽ݺȻ衣
˽ȥ
ȨҴҸҡ
ƫͷһۣ̲סЦͷ󺹵ģһ˲ɣ
Ȩ˰ѺСԺ֪һл
үǰСİȫСʲô£Ѳ˸ϵ
飬Բɡ
ȨǿݣΪ˵ĻȨаߵʱԽԽֳܹ
ȱһĵ£ֻҪܹƴõࡣ
Ҫȥ
к࣬һֻ־꣬ھǵľ͸֮үһ
Ȩزһôȥ
ĪҪʣǡ
ƳȨһۣм𱸵˼Ȩٶԡ
ųظĵַҹȥƫȺ
ҹǸЩѰʹһΣƫƫͳүйأǸԤ֪Σ³ܳүǣɥ
Ϊʱ飬õҪһԼѰ
صʱһ·ĻȴһҲ˵
ֻ˸Σ˵᲻оǵ֢
ôˣ۸ˣ
ҹʱ˸٣һӦڸίæˡ
ֱͦˣ׼ֻعȴԴҡ˹ġ
ûУҾе㲻ģסĵط
һʱƿԣֹһ³ȥ
ûʲô£
ǲ׷ʡ
񲻶ҡͷͣ񶨵ûС
ô˵μˣүˣûܲҡ
Ҳס̾ϢǰǸĹﲻˡ
˻һۣȰŹԼסСԺȥ;˳ι˺԰
ǰǶסصСլ˾ǣǶӵԼСԺӡ
ѽš                        
лҪ˵֣СɰҪ壬Ŷ

 25 

ǳΣȻġ
꣬ôɵɵİںء
񲻶ϰοԼһڻ̲סھвƣȨԽ󣬴ķҲԽ˺үӿҪСģûŵԼȥ
˵ί񣬳ȴһ֮⡣
ԼСԺ򵥲ιһȦ֮Ժʯ¡
ȨһֱԶĸţۼǸҡһ˺ӣȻӲܴүӳΪӣֻҪ˺ѾһȣȨҲùʰ
ȨţҲ㲻ǹйŮ
һע⡣
ûʵӦ¡
ƮһԶȨɻģ
ΣŵͷҾûС
ǾͺáڽƵĸ۸˶
ǸܸŵˣܻЩ
ΪڽΣգ
ϴȨѾĵģ˴ἰӸоŶȻǱܡ
ѵҲйֵֹΣ
ԴԺ˼·ԽԽϾЩԺûʲôǲܵġ
˼ٲЩڶҲˣҲࡣûģҪǵȵ۸ͷҲˡ
ǰһЩ͸˵ĮӣҲ³߶ѣֻϣܹŷ֮ģʱԱԼ
Ҳԣܾñ˻۸ңΪʲôͲ۸ˣ
һ°ͣȤĿ
Ӳ濴ȥص۾񣬺ǸĮźܴ
Ҳ̵Цݣ㻹۸ˣ
ʵӵԸ񣬶ӣ۸˲Ź֡
ôܡңұطˡѺദұǺúһϷ
ĴϷ
⼸ദѾסƢԣֻҪ
ƽʱҲʲôҪֻضʱܹӸЧ
ȨվòԶ֮ĶԻģԽȥԽ
ϾǺģ˶иΪĹ㸮λСͽദ꣬񣬲ΪûѪԵϵȫϿϵƾǻڸоͿԿǶΪϲġ
ͬĵͷ˵ûҼĸϲֱԼŮǱЩˡǸҲ˵һЩܳƽ
ϵҪǰһѹģصĸֻЩϧǸ񶾵ĹȫǴСദʼٸȻϡ
ϽĸʹʧӤʱĸ׶˵ĸҲҪȥ˼ҵĹƭ֮±Ů
ԽǶҲԽǺù
˴ʯҧгݵ˵
֣СԼϸϸ÷Ƥƶˣ˵ûί
λñḧţϤůָ䴫һ죬ʶҪֳ
ؽŲ֣𶯣Ҹ࣬ˡ
һ֪òôⱿ׾Ľڡ
ãֲػɣ֮ձø΢
ȨһССգûظˡ
Ҳι۹ӣóԺúȺסұ㰲ġпʱԼȲ裬Ҳʶģһ̵ȴھûѣѡ
Զһ治Ҫˡ
룬Ȼмˡ
һ·ͳֱʱһаǸ⡣
ģȺţûȥ
ǰǸ⣬ЦЦû죬ѧСﻶˣ
ҶԱСûȤõź𣿡
ʣ۾ֱĿ
ڰ𣬽²Ӽӿ˼Ȩæ󡣳վſڿãֱӰʧڽֵľͷٿתظ
ǹ˽
ں԰ͤͷ΢΢ţ۾ȴʱƮһվŵĹǡ
Թ븮֮Ǽϣ˵˻ٳƲ֣ȫûô˵Ǽ䣬ίͰ͵۵ýʹ԰ӡ
ԺҪ˵ƫôӭҲ޼¡
ĵ䲻ԣҲûпأΧԿ                        
лҪ˵ѧЯףװĶǣڼڣƽ֣ͬʱܰѴϴ  ͨ پۼ

 26 

ĪҪգҲΪռݶ꣬¹˿ӣвʣҲ
һС飬ǴССѧĺͯٵͤͤĹ˵Ļỳɡ
̫ˡҵģԶһЩʡ㲻˳
۰ã̾һÿɷһݵӳ鶼ò
*
һصͣĻԼСԺ
ûİǸ⣬ȨͻطϣѺеǰһС
ǻеµİǸ⣬˫ӯӯĿŹ
ĸжỨȴⲻȥһĸףҪһصĶԼãȾ͵ȸܸܵԼĺá
̫Ե£׽˿ǱĬӰ
κԺܰʲô˵Ĵ£ֻźܹҳϣڽһߣĪĺô
½ѧ
ֵּܶڴ˴ѧˮųѧÿϵĿλ粻ͬؾɽѧʱֻһ꣬˵ѧҵͬˮƽ
ÿռʹˮǰɿҵҲԹԵѧſڵȺá
ˮ
̧ͷȥվѧ֡
磬ô
ܹȥסص˷ܵʵ
һƿܾò̫Ӧ
֮ǰʲô
СӵԾǴϻزѧ£ֵҲͬģֻԼûܳʱǡ
żȻ˶ˣָһ˭֪ѧֻˮ
أ
绹ѧΣаʱܳˮһѾ˵Ļ˷ܡҪȽҰɣҵҪС
˫ֻأƳһۣ޸֮һʲôǿġ
ʱȵǳٻط
ָѧǰһյأˮչϰ
ˮ뿹飬ѧǰҪͬЦҪ֪ϰĵĺϰǻ࿴ų͢ϵĹ١ٶ໥ż
δڷԣͱһɵùԹߵһԲ۵Ľ
ƲȷǰţˮίԼѧ˹Ժܹ㣬ˮۿתתջֱ˻ȥ
*
С㣬үͷǰͣȥ
ܼһ˵Ϣæܹȥǰ
˼ҵĹܼ˵¶عأ仰˵װףһǹҪȥģǱǺҪĳϣȻȥġ
һԶĿԼӳѺܶοԽʶ˵ĻṰø˹յĽǹھԽԽܻӭȴǸ֪¹
ûȨţԼȨǰȻڽӴة˺ˡ
֮ǰһ죬˵ǹ˵׽׶Σة˵ӡ
ЩǵĹӸ粻ô˽⣬ة˵жš˵һӣӣӡȷδֻǱС˼꣬ող;δʲôΪ
ةϵԺһ·ͨǰ;ĹӸףǼ£϶Դʮֿأ뷽跨ة˳ʣ飬˳˵˵ԼŮĺá
ԭǷ޶ϳԷ԰ӣٽй¶ة򸾶ûʲôоˣأͻȻἰԼϻĴŮ
棬͹ĹϵǶû˵̫в֪ĶǱ˿ڵģ˭ҪǸҰϢȥʱСֻܱ˵˽ϻһŮȴ֪ڸϵĹǹ˽
ةἰԼĴŮ˼ҵĺҪ˵ǷˣҶǴҲü
ùھǶʶЩҲʲô£ȹĻ¶žֵˡ
˵ҪǽһƣԼò״·ȡδ׼ңôҪ˵ĹⲻΪ˼£
һݣ˵鿴ة˶ôȤةĿȴǲסͣǿջЦΨйĻϲ

 27 

߽ߣԼڳĿˣһһة˺񣬾Ͷ価Ǵҹʣ͹й֮޲
ǰľ٩٩̸ûаֽͣ˵ŵģǴµطջҰѾͷ
˽Ůǲ;ǽЩСҲûʲôĸʱķɡ
ةô˵ʮֺ棬Ҳֻĵȹ껰Žʵة˺ĸǹʽ
Ҳ̸ϣʱʱһͻƷ裬Ըºͣ˭ȫǼ˾û˵һ䲻õġ
һޣʮöһŵɲǸζδ׼ĸԼԼ๫ޣһ̥ģôһȽϣ˵Լºͣͱ˴
ίĿԭæ˵仰˭֪ة˵ĻüЦĿŹ񣬴ͬ˼
лة˿ޣĸ˻ĺãһܿĵġ
ɵĵлֲһøС
ةʱ֣ȥμӼպİٻ硣
ͷõĵͷӦʺ󣬲ŴӦة˵롣
һߣɫһ¾ͱˣƻصߣү˵ةȥǸϣ᲻ǼǼĻбѽ
֮ǰֻȥǸͣ飬֮ʮʵУ޲ھùȥǸһӡ
˵ʲôأةϲȥμᣬݵھûʲôѣȥֳ϶ύЩټСͷҲӦáĻʲôϵ
֪ԼǼЩϾòԵѽ
һۣĵة濴ȻҪȽŮɲĺӣҪǸйϵö˵ԸةҵĹӽס
һ⡣һĹټҷУҲԼˡ
ϲٶ죬վһԣŸƫĵģ޵类ñΡ
һпȴ·һ㣬ǴкƮƮԼԺߡ
׷ĸ㣬ҺͺӵĻ¹ЩӾҪˡ
Ŷθɣޱ顣
α˦ٶ׷ֽ¡
ܱܲȥǸٻ磿
õʾ䣬дż˿ž;ˬ
ͣ½ŲоǼΪʲôҪģ
ǹҲ벻ɲȥμӰٻ磬ոո׶ĸ׵̬ȣԼǳ嶯ˡ
ôһһǰ˶Զﻹ˵
ֱţǾȥ
*
żնʱֵּܣʱҪͻͽǺѵģܲ׾ֻҪڼϰɡ
μةฮٻ֮ºܿ촫ضУֹټҷ֮ᣬͻ;Ʒ죬ʵʶſϱо̻ؼҡ
ɵԸټϽŮļٲҪЩǶϡ
˼ҪðϯʱҲϡ
ǲԸ⣬Ըݣôİȥˡ
֮£ΪԼΪѵĴӦ
ڼʲô취ðͬһҪ󣬳ز֪ڸ統գһųųͺͬһȥةฮ
ٶòʣ黨ǲ֮ãҲǸɾֻϧھǵĻʹȥΪĻ¿ǷѾ˼ûԸ
ة˰磬ҲⲻТӴȥһһ̶ء
ʱȴӲ˸ѳҲϣ಻ˡ
ةฮ
ةฮĺ԰￴صһ̣˶סˡ
Ե֣ڱ˸ۡΪٻҪŮģû뵽бһʶ
ȻߵǰƦƦһЦôôͿʼΪԼҷ𣿡
ָо̫ˡ
ֱǱ׽ڴ
ε΢Цǳʶʶܹкôġ
ŶǼʶѣָŻ԰һͷΧһ̸۵湫ǣĵʵ
˳ָȥ֪ʱ԰ֶ˼бƺҲϴ

 28 

ԭǰб磬ټҷҲ˹ŮĴŮжӵĴӣٲȻһر׻ᡣ
ǰϯҪĳϣԼ̫ˡ
Ǹû뵽б
Ȩ֮ĽôŮб𣬼ܼģֻҪ֫Ӵ˽ܣǶǱġ
ǻ԰һǣҵĴҵĶС㵽һĵ԰ͻСûŴӣС棬֣ԾܾŴ㬶أֿһĿ꣬˿첽ȥ
ٳŮ⳯͢ǲԶʾ빵ͨҸĸ棬Ȼⶼǽ˫֮䱾ͻ¡
ڳ˱ǶǶȻܡ
˻԰ЩɵҡҡͷҪΪڹǰӣ
ȻȤȥǱ԰ͻбԲǿ͵ġ
ؽ֮磬ЩӸûʲôһһֵƵ塣
԰ϤǲᷴԣȻȥʣҲŴڳĹһҲǺõġ
ǰͷһǰһ԰
԰˼壬ֵĶʱֵ죬һʢļڣǸ߽԰԰ﵭĻſƮɢһǵĻ㡣
ة˶Щ԰ӿǻ˲پҸոտĵ԰Ҳ໨ʢͻҲѽ
ͻȻп
ز˵ֻؿǴС񣬿ڡ
治Ϊġ
̲סΪԼһ䣬ô˵ء
ˡ
˶ˣʲôɫױ˿УЩ̬ĹټСһ֪ȴһظС
񣬲ˡսֱ۾
߲࣬ʹò̧ͷ
غ֣ʳָ̧ס°ͣ˵˾ˣֲҶĻ׳档
һ죬ܵĶǵûȣٵת˵ֿʼĪҪ۸ңҺǿǴСĽ顣
ǵǰůĻ̣ոնǶһͽҲΪ
ǴСĽ飬Ҳ㣬ȥҤӡбҺθɡʼ磬˵һϡ
ô˵ˣ
ǺӶ𣬾Сࡣ
ˣסûٽ˵ȥһǰһ԰תһȦСʱȻһ԰ʱ԰һӰûС
شһ·Ѿʹ֪ͻֻǽջһ֣԰˶뵽ǰȥȲ裬翪ʼһȥԷ
ϳʱδرٻ֪֮١
ѾߵĴ»صǰȻϯģͥԺ˱ͣŮŮͬһǰͥΪλǰԱ
ҵϺ͹ȴô˵Ŀ⿴ӡǳһЩͳȫĿĶǽһơ
صһƼǼĸϣͰͬһ߻һλһŹͽ¡
ﲻðɣ
ߴһԲֻˣʶģЩĿһ˻ȥôơ
ҪǵĿһȥңҲ㡣׼Ը⣬ô
쳤ĴûϺ͹ˣǰ̫ԶˣҲ
ոĿâڱĲʸУˣԹڳߣͷԲˡ
ͬ˲ʱһۣʱֻ΢ЦԶԣӦеǣﲻڲ֮Ĺϵ˿ŶҲ֪˭ҵĹӡС㣬⴦ܾðɡ
ӲˣȫûθڡһԵĳһȥоóԵľһӣһѾСɽȫǲˡ
ĿԲ˵ĳˣûз֣Ѿװˣ
µĶһ٣ԱֻСǰˡ
۵ûˣͷŬѻʳ
ʮˣеǡɶԵġ
ɵһۣϲԷ֪˿ɴû                        
лҪ˵أһҶ֪²£
˼ҶĻ׳
أ

 29 

ǰ˹ϵò֪˽⣬Сʱ͸¶Ѿǲ̫ˡ
Ϊļ䣬ǰڽ꣬ҹλʱݻξг֣ǰůĻ
Ա㣬һһةฮɻɢʳ߿ԺҴкǰ뿪кԻ׼÷ˡ
ڷŹ񣬰ԼǰСѵ˼䣬ԹܵòӰոպһѰҡ
䲻ȵĻϣҸող԰·ת˻ͲǵˣҲĸ԰ңҶˡ
ϱһЩָչ˲ܵ˼ϻոȷʵǹЩٷǴкѹûϹҪǻȥүǰһ״ǶܲүɳСڣĸвܾͱһ̱Ů
ѽҸոҲǼˣ˵Щɱϡ
Сĵĸⲻǣɫһ
ػվԶߣۼķϻ͵͵˽ǸˡյߵһȵĿȥ
ֻͲȴԶԶɢѹǶһۣջĿ⣬⿼
˵ٻǳʵ磬㲻˽ºͱӽеĹӣָĸףͷĸ׺㸸˵˵ǿԵģ˫ĸ棬˵һ£ҪϷٿʼҪ˿ġ
Ͻĺţ˵ͬʱͷ˳һۣ֪ǻлָ
ûʲô˵飬ĸ״ɷġ
ϣһŤͷȥة˴кһ뿪ةฮ
رǸ氲ϸû֣кûβȥ
ةฮһֱԼŲ֮ȥҵܵܣȥʲô
ȥܵܡ
ûúȥˣһ仰¹޷
һͬߵֵּܵСլӣ׼Կ׳˭֪Ƶǰ棬˳ˣһ߽ݡ
·Щ跨װˮš
ǴľеһٲȻһ˼һһûԼˡ
ĿɿڴһУżûܵլӵԿ׶ˣ
أôԳģԿ˭ģ
ʣ˫Ŀⲻᡣ
嵽ǰһֲһ־죬ʵˣС
۾ýС㣬ô˵³ȥΪҰѾͷոǴСȥˣ
һʱᣬǰõαװԼʲôϸһ
ٳ⣬㻹ûлشҵ⡣
սǰһֲõĻشƲݵơ
ǡʱˮԺŶ룬һ·Сܽ˻δȴݣ磬
һţְͳش۵СۣվſڣȥһڿУ֪
СˮãʲôʱԿˣ
֪£ƺĵܵǻú죬оܲá
ĵܵʲôµһʱøŶԣôûһἰ
㣬ǹǹģѧҲΪ˱㣬ñ۸ѽ
ˮС͹һƢԿνʮ˽⣬һ˵꣬ճ첲ϣ§סʱûƢ
Ҫǹ£Ҳ֪ģ֮ǰĵַԹǡֻû뵽ôܺǴһƬмֳζ
ָָԺӣԼ߳ӣˮŶܵԺųصָʾһ׻ķȭ
վһԹۣвʮСȭһһʽͦģɼضǵĽ̵ܽЧʣȥ˵׼ּܳһ书֣ͬһ
ôţոպͳ֮ССĲʱɢܵܺõֶһأʲôñԹġ
ȥ̨ȡ˸տĲˮһ˵˱͵ԺСϣؼԸˮҪ͵Ѿߵǰ
ĸöϲ㣬˵˽÷ģֻҪ㣬ȫԲĸ
һûͷûԵĸһһ䵹Ϊ롣

 30 

ҲֻϷ̫죬Ȥζ
ӣײҲ͵ļȣҲ˼գͻȡѪҩҪ󣬵ʱ취һװԼģȥҩ׸жףʱʲôҪ㡣
ʵҽķӱͶ֢ǹ˵ߥޣһֱΪûѪҩû취ﵽҩЧ˲顣
ⱾΪ˻ǵû뵽öӵѪҩŮҲһԼĺӣ򵽹ϣȴʯͷԼĽţ¶˹Ůࡣ
Ҳѻ˹ϣĸԸ׳һС⣬ڴһ£Ҳǵ˹һлл
һΣôҪþ⣬ǶȻˡ
һٻعʱߵˮߣָ
һԣ°ͣΰıӰǵģԴӼʶһе˲ߴࡣ
Ǽ򣬶оɿһۿ
ʱв֪ǣԴ뿪ةฮйͺӵѾھǷ͡
ڶգǲ˵ڻɫĽةฮһۿжԷһλ԰һ뿪ةฮ֪ȥ˺η˽ᣬñýζ
ȨһͼҴҹ¡û˵ͷˣ˵үȥʻ
룬һء
ȨǵĿС㣬úأ»úôܻӰ쵽ͽĸŮ顣
ס
򶨵ĵͷȻԤϵҪЩ֮ǰ˵˽ʱͳصĹϵ֮װףûκι֮£ʵʤ۱磬ֱϵعɰõ֤
δߵãϵ
үͷˣߵĶ۷׷ףϳȥһѽܻġ
ղһȥģôֳĴвã糯ƲûȥʡñͬЦ
ǰ֮ͨ󣬲߽ȥ
ذŹţ˿úܽͬʱʱڿһİˣһ顣
һͻȻ⣬ѪТ˳øɣʹݳϷҲùϧһЩ
ҪܿøɫʣҲֵˡ
ǳӣô£ǶˣúôɾͰܻѽ
ʵ
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Լ˵ǰͷͷȴǹ˵̣ܽ˽뿪
һ¹ڹǰ̧ͷʱ˫۱ỨҺͳǴСĽ飬ةฮżȻˣ˼䣬˭֪˴ףŮԩ
Ҿһ䣬û˼
ͷȥ̿
ʲô˼װûʹȥ
ɵӣȻʳ벻Ȣ㡣Խ͡
ӡˡһը˹ʽòף˵Ļ¶Զ¾ǰյڿڰɣ
ͬ㡣
򶨣Ҫٴ˵˵Ĺϵ
˺һֹס̾񰡣ͬ㣬û˼֪ٽý˸˵׶ˡ
˼Ȼͼ޲ȥһŵԵĺ˼Һѡ
һνǰûǵⷽ棬ֻܵɲģԺˣҲԸŵܵǹ
үˣүҵĹ˸ˣ˵׵ġ
ܼͻȻͰ͵ͨ
һæ
һȻүҵĹӣ˳ͣǺүϵӳءͳֻһ֮ԵȻǡ
ŵһͷѴһʱһº͵Цݡ
ƽʱЦݻܸ˿ůʱ˿̣ȴоޱȾ㤣ҪףߵӾ飿
㵼䣬Ѿݡ
ϵĹϾϹ񣬡³أ˽˷ˡ
ʮͣòĶϵȣţʹĹһۼҲë

 31 

ҳүϰȨƣǽҪǿö࣬ܰŮ޹ȥ˵Ǹ߼ޡ
ֻһۣѾ⣬¸óɣұóɡ
ӣ
һֻ˵һӣ¡
ºŤͷ˹һۣñ֪ڴʲôС̡
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鲻Ըߵ¡
ôԶʲô
δָٴδ˵棬Υ̵Ų¡
ӽǰ֪Ϊ£
˴װͿһ֮󣬳ز˵ԼĿġ
һýǸ죬Ǽ黰˵һһ׵ģѹúֻӦеӣֽغӵеø߸ߵģǶأ˵Ե֡
ףĸüЦĴӦ˳صףԼһү棬ںϸ⡣
ڴŻͳسվڽ⣬ɷĵųأһףƻеļƻûʼܵͷôأ
أôأ𣿡
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ģ㵽ʲô㸸ףҲȢ㣿
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ζɨһȦ񲻽סԼȴô֪ô£ǰоԼŴƵ̹
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һҲԵ̫棬ûٷԡ
뿴׳ȴۼһ׮ԵةҵӣȵϺӺãӱͬѹһͷةΪҲûټҵŮ̳У˵ͺүҵĹӱȣ¾ֳǶ磬ôҲǼеǶӣǧ谮һԺӳиҵܹһ棬ΪݵĴ󽫾
ص䣬˼룬͹Ļһȣ¿ҪһءǼة˹ʶֻӰ鶨еƲӡ
ĸ֮ǰ̫¶˫ĸ̸ò࣬Ҫ뷴ڣ»ةһҡ
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ò˵Сһĺá߲Ÿճ˼ҾףֻҪųϢ֮ڻԼǼʹһ԰ӣһֻ֣ҪûͬǶǲΥ׵£Ǳġ
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 32 

գͬһͬͣ˫ҳѺõЭ˻ڣ˶飬ڶһ󣬳û͹˶հ綩顣
ʲôҲ׼ֻٰ죬ĸһʼױ˻ʱȫƽЩױڷʧӡʱʱȰĸµļױ嵥ʱһһԡ
һлˣ͹ĸŮݶûάϵãͱϺ͹ѣ񣬺ڸ
ĸļױȫ֪飬ǹڳүǰ̧ݣԼ⡣
ºõǳļױ嵥һ׳Ƶֽļ¼ĸءլӡׯ԰鱦޳УСһͭмء
Ȼϸ¼ú飬Ҳѿĸ׵ļױҲʲôͨ˼ҳ
żױ嵥ӭײϺõѪ۾ʹ첻ѣû´ĻʼױԭȫŲġ
󣬳磬ĸ׵ļױû˼̳Уļҵױ̳УʱŲһЩĸ׵ļױ֮Ҳ޿ɺǡ
ŲŲ٣ʱ߷磬һƽô
ĸߵ磬ȴôһʲƸúúøл𣬵ĸס
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ԽԽ泩
˸һߣǵ䣬ױ籾Ҳзݵģ׽ױȫָ񣬶Ը治ƽ
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ôΪǽӣ߼޳ȥģױױҿᣬ۸˵ŽûӡװĸļױȥҲӦԺʱĸҲױġ
䲻ɣǽѵûҲóмʧ
üˣֻи磬¸˿ոôǼԵġ
;Ŀڣܺù⽫ĸ׵ƫҲֻʣм
Ǹףɫһ䣬Դ֪Ů̬֮һǧɣͱȸϵĴѾߺһЩҪϻڸϵĵλͲˡ
ϴС̵磬ôһǣκζ˺£Ҫúãһ˿и
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㣬ͻȥ
һʳУĿļԣҪͳԵġǡҪȥżס
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ʳУҴȥԣˡ
ʳпϣȴץʳаһˣµӣǻлҪ˵
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ûʲôֵǮĶڶ֮ǰȥ鱦̣ѡһеȵ嵱
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⡭еš
˿˫ǽ⡣
ڳıһݶ۾ֱˣ˼ҽﶼ߸ʽֵǮĶƸ档
ھ͸ôʱ˼ҴСƸ÷񵽺ֵز붼Ľ
˶û뵽үͰһ˴󷽣˽۷׷ףǹ˽ź°

 33 

ǵһ¥¹㶼ү˳ż·ߣ˵ǳүҵĶ磬Ҳͣ쳤ӿߡ
ñͺ˫ĸ֤£ӹ͵Ľ⣬͵ϵ䣬ｻɹɡ
ͳһͬߵߵһǾ¥ŵϯү˽϶һڶĿⶼ׷һͷ˾žƱǵϲֻ΢ЦʣµĶɳȥӦ
ò߻صϯүһһϴк
ϯϣͳλδ׼ҹྴƣֻһӭһӦһֹ¹ĸо͸ᣬȫ̺ЦûЦһ¡ôóʣβӲԵҲûзӣֻܸЦһ˵ԻŶϷ
ʣµСҲͬһҪǢࡣǺͳͶʱھͳֵܣԳظһһСӽеȣҲԳͼΪעƱˣæѾѾ
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˼ƺһȦǣֱֵּ֣һ
һҲмϲС٣شԿһȦûһģ˵Щ˹ְСǰûн
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һǰ껹ɾ£ûжӣʵ
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ؾȰոü˶ƵƵ߿ཻͷӶ֪Ƿ˵ʲôӰ쵽Щס
ͷһۣײĵܵܣһʼˡ
̴һǾĿˣеĴҾһԤףԺǰƽٻ
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ôʽƣֵҲƱһһҲףͳһҸ֣ǡ
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عҡͷЩݣ꣬ȫǴ֮ǶûκΰҲύʲôð֣һ˳ٵ⡣
֪˼Ҳûšǽģڽ÷׺޲üеӭ
ͥԺϷ̨Ϸָ̨ţϷ̨һϷŴϷıţŨصױ£ѱ棬ѷֱ档
ֻһоȻζɴŵܵǻԼСԺ˽ѧõ
ƽʱߣȴûиһϷ̨ǰߣֱȵϷʱͻȻߵǰһ˵
Ϊɵ׻봦úͺĹϵôܺүأȻҲ༸ֿס
˵ųߵһԣݣ˹Ϸţ˵
˵˴屧ǰ糯ûȥ֪Щ𣿡
صֱ룬һ仰⡣

 34 

һ£˸ĴϣĶҲͻȻôһἰһܿ췴ӦΪ˹
޷޷ЩԹҩѾöˡ
˺ƷǰЩ˵˽ҩҪһζرҩһмֵģñԼ廹ҪǱҸ׻Ҫˣʵڲĥͽ˵˵飬ȻȻҲͲˡ
ԽԽľѣ֪֪֮塣
񶼻δἰȴ֪ǴӺζ֪
˼ھ꣬ھʹŲߣǽúĹϵȥ飬ҲܲһЩϢ
ӷģŮǷļϳŵģΣҲðա
˵⻰Ϊ˷ܳأڳ𣬶ҪҪѪҩҡڲԥ֡
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⣬ջǵôԼϸѽ
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֮ǰʱǾĴҽȫɣҽҲ׶ġ
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ʹҪһѪϸ˵ģֱȻһ£ҲͰƴһ顣
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ʱԼЧҩȥ̽ǡ
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¥ĸȫǶǴܹԽ
ֻǼǮԹĸ㣬ܶЧҩļǮ
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ٳȷʵζһ㡣
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͵Ϊ˸͸𣿡
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ػңʣǶԶ׹ôûдϣϲ𣿡

׹
ôһᣬϴ͵Ķ׹֮󣬾СĵĴھ̨ϻ֮δⶫ
ҡǴˡ
ڨڨЦЦתȥ̨ǰѶ׹ϻȡ̨ϣմϣ
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ûע⵽ǣСԺһдżֳӵĿʼչעһһ
Ǵеվû취ֻнĿȫǡ

 35 

Ժ󣬶Թ̬һĴǰķһ¾ͱˡ
үϲС㣬үʼɴС㣬˱ϴСҲǺܺõģʹС㲻ϲС㣬ΣվСүŮ
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˵һȥ˺԰ҴҸȥ԰ѾҪűֹ
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˵꣬ǰһֳͷϵķûһԥԼϻһòأȴҲƤʺѪҺ֮һеĲҽں԰ص
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ԭΪ͹֮Ĺϵһƶʵü롣
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ǵĿ֮ת˿Ŷ˵ѣҪжϣ϶ԸŹСųãɴжϣ񶾵ˡ
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Դٷ֤ʱһȣߣȷס磬㣬Ƿô࣬鲻ýѵҼӦõģҸովͲûġ
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˹ӣǱͤòԭѽͻȻڹһ˵ŵĶ©һġ
߽ߣһ״һʱ鿴ơ
˫ֽͷ°˸飬ͷЩˣЬЩۼû˺ۡ
˿û°ɣ
ǰйĶݣйĲκͳɣӲĳ׼һҪԼס
ʱػһʣͷһᣬ֪ôľίԽίԽǿƲסԼˮߵһſµͷȥĨȴԽĨԽࡣ
һѽڻ滥ˡϧ˵ѾͨĽüϷ֣˹ӣٰɣǣٸʡ
ڻĹҪ٣öίµ̧ͷ
ӣѶϼ£·ű٣ˡ
ȻǾܾģҳ󲻿ȥɲ
ǹ˹ҪǸ˵ģõģڻǻӵĳǣ˺ˣø񣬴ƫģû취Ĵ£籨٣ʣһס
ؼҪ٣¾ڸϢĹҲȰء
ҵøס緳ˣӣҲֽ㣬Ҳ׼׷ģͱ𱨹˰ɡ
Լ˵
㲻׷Ҫ׷ָ۾Ĺ񣬡Ūܾˣ                        
лҪ˵ҪVִ£۸V»С䣬ϣСɰǲҪŶл֧֣
ߵԤ/ĴרɼϲղŶ
Ԥ1̫ӵĽˡİ
һǮ歱ĸӮƷݡʵֲƸɣȻˣ
ƶʵʱһ꣬ûûû䣬׬Ǯһûͦһ̰İߡ
ڵȵĸĸϣ׼뼫ƷٶǶ¡
궯ָƷѱ˺ºƵαװڱ¶飬ǮĻ֣̿˰ԵУʹʹլܲܡ˻
аԳСޣĹ¡

Ԥ2ϲС()İ
öʹƱܿСүϲһعѵıˣ߼޳˽ˣɻ鵱ȴơ޹ɥ
һʹ˼ʹСүλȻ޽ŵСӡ
㡢ĹֻԼꡢԴ
ĳգСүλ˸ˣСҰףȥҪƴ
Ҷ׳˰˹
Ѿ쾪Сү
öСү!ʲô
ȫҸŮˡ

ġ鷴ɴе衷

 36 

ϢϹ, һ⻰ȿ˿, ͷβûһ, ۹Ҳ, Ҳ, ֽ״׵ÿ
ڳôˣҲû˸и
æԸȥһڹ, еʵôѽ, ˯˸, ôֳ
һø, ﻹϿʲôҪһ͵ٸȥ, ֪᲻̾߱ƹ, Сڽ, ȥֵط, һ뵽ҪԹүǣ̲ס¡
ĸףæ˵˵飬óӱֵٸȥ͵Ҵˡ
һٵãһԵĹҲ, رٽΪ˽ɹںʲô
¹͹ٸûһ˿ǣ˵ҪҲǹ²ǡ
ǡ
뵽ֿܣɫһٿʱһھΡ
ʱһֱĬĹڿڣͬⱨ٣ΪģֻΪһס˵ûȻίҶʲôõ飬˹ú͹үһһʮ˵ǣʱùٸ˸ˣŹүоϡ
׼˹ȥٸ֣ҹٸרҵ˿ˣԼĻǱ˻ģһ֪
Խ˵ԽǺ¡
ҲίԼСŪ˵ģšҲҸողСŤ˵ģͽ޹ء
ͻȻЦˣߵǰȻίոſڴͷʲô
ҡ۵ġ
Խ飬ոΪù˵ĻΪǹƵڵزӴԼָ˵ǣǰԲۼǿ񶼱ˡ
񻺻ġŶһϳٴԼŪ˵ģ£
ģұ֤޲ö췢ġ
ʱҰŹ˵ֻվȻһᣬ͸ֵٸȥˡү˵ǲǣ
סĵͷⲡողſʼתһٷǣԼ˸ԼˣɲЦ
ҲһҪôʦڵϹٸ϶ȷҲԸѳֵ̫ѿأ˰ɣһˡ
а㵱ǽ˸Ǹұ㲻׷
ָŹ
ԭѣϺݵһֻۣһȳһյߵǰϰѸ˾ۼµȵҲһۼǰԺ۾Źͷⲻǡ
ոûѻ˵۽㱻ᣬԲ𣬽ԭҰɡ˵⻰ʱ޵һԺݵзĻᡣ
ôӦһȴǲüǸ÷ģ
ô˫۾ţֱҸطȥ
ǰ⸮ĴС㣬ԸȴЦЦЦı飬ʹ۾
˶˱Է˹Ա¡
ǶϹȥšһѣƵǰ
Ų裬ľϹԲ𣬻˲С˹ԭ
أûٿ
ĵǸڳصͬ´ҡڻСԺ
ֻԼˣȨźţпϣ⡣
ⳡ̣Ǵȫʤǽһˬ
ԺԶһ㣬۸˻֪ڣưͳԻп˵
ЦҲδأҲģưͿ˭ϲԡˣôǸϺ԰ԼҴ磿
ᵽǣ˲û˺ɫԭ飬һҺͬΪıԺټΪ
ԼöţȥһԼûѪԵϵˣǸҲͰˣôĻһദ꾹ҲûܿɼǹжûУôߣԼ
ŲµһЩѾͷҲûȰ֪ǿ˵飬Ҳı⣬Լľ
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˵࣬ڸЦ
ǰȥǲʧȥܶȤЩûŪʱ뿪
أһһӦ
Ȱֻý򷢳ȥŹ֮ߵߣ뻤ҵ飬ˣΪĽԼŤ𣿡
ζһʻʱóػȻʡ
ʱֻڹǼͷΪԼ磬ͻȻͿˣΪΪίٿĪſ޵ġ
ͷϹٸҲҪָ
֮ǰѾΪԼֻһЩϢ벻ġ
ԣǵĻڻǲΪãأ
˸ӣ˵
Ҷ㡣
ˬʵЦ
ƻǽӺһ꣬Ļϣ޵Ҫܰѹơǵڽ۸ôҪǰڣȻܲ۸ʲôõĵġ
ӽȥһӣһҲ¥
¥䣬߽ȥһˡ
ҼԺ͵빫ڴԵȡֻȥʱϰš
ʹԼûб¶˿ĵӣھʱнύһЩõ˲ţڵ˵ύһѣа
Ҳ˿ӵݣҪύֲ뱻֪ЩٹСܣºͰ֮£ںദʱϳЩĹ뷿֮һ˸֪
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˶߽䣬ٴαϣ˿ء
£˵Ҫң˰һϣ
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ֻܲ鵽صļ꣬󲻾þ˳ӡ
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δʮĳںоǸëСӣʱ
ˡ
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Ļ켣ٳ꣬һ̩ɽǰԿȻĳأ˵ԼĺǻСŮͲȴһСʱϥϡָ΢΢ŬԼļ
˵ЩǳСŮ֮ϵҲСŮ䣬¿ϻȪ·ҲûԼһ档
һϣֱǸ
һĳţֻصĴϢϻص
شʼûͼӴףһһʮʵ˵游
ĵͷһա
꣬Ҳ֪ĸ׻УֻΪ˻飬ܲʵ͵͵ܳȥ뿪һӣ鵭ٻɳȥ˶ûҵ䣬밡ôߵôԶҪǳʲôô졣ЩҲǶãĸһֱûлǣҲѰˣԸĵذɡ
˵˵ţ֮С
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ǸްͲöŻ£ۣĵĻ˶
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ҵҪֽʣдһŵĵַͷλ
ϣԲԸ󡣡
ֽǰԽԽоУòȻһЩ۾ȴ˵СŮ˫۾
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Ҫ뺫һ£Բ棬ȻʵΪ֮ݡ
˼ƻӦ
Ϊҿǣڣĺˡ
Ծܾ
úĺǲãΪһҪףԸݣֻյӣˣںܸʲôľλȻͰĶӡ
µĸǰ壬Ӧܵѵĸײˣӵֻع岻ݴǡҺ֮ĶԹԻ취˽ᣬ֮뺫Ʒһ֮顣
⻰˵úףļ˵Ķ־˿Ϊһҫ󱲣Ŀɲһ
ʲôҪҰæģᡣ
֮ʱһأԺֱӵҸң˸ҴϢ
ؽû
Ժ˵׼Ҫ游æĵطǼ˾˸ڳΪ٣ҹְͣһڳ͢žصķֻԱȳһЩ
ûаĸӳ֣һͺǲಮ١
ףܹƾһ֮ʣĻȥԺһ֣ᵽĵط¼һһϸ飬ʵŻ
һ׼ʱʱҲҪǵİȥ
Ӳ¥ͷһ˹ĸֱ˲ʧ
֪ǳµˣ游ɵˡ
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û˵ϵˣȥĽ㡣
С㣬ѾˣҸӻԭλ֮󣬿ɵúúУһǧ´߶
ص
ôһ˵СŰˣĿǣϰԵѰοվڹԣԶԶ̽ζ޶á
ٿϣϴʱҲţŴϸϸʵԺȽŲʲôӰɣ
ȼ¿ɾѳˡ
ӦֻѾʣؽڸλû£ڼ䲻ʹԺϰѾʡ
϶Դ˵⻰Щףֻٴ͵ͨ͸Щǻһ١ٶѾʣȻʲôëҲӰ·ÿνؽڰԭλóܴܺʹࡣ
ϸϸͣú棬˼ʱͻȻҵʹУһ죬ѴѾʵ⣬鱡ľ壬߼ס޲̶
мǣҪʵҪ´ʱ˷ţ˵أСϵÿҪҩͨĽҩͿԣûʲô󰭣ҪǵöϢ
۵ͷ󺹣󱳶ʪһ飬ﻹоӦĻϸЩԸʹȥ
ƲأҲѴҡͷ̾߻ԼǼ׶ˣ˵ԼҲ뿪
ǰʣϺ͹ʱϺɸֵļ򣬡˵˵㣬һѾͷ㷸ɱһǧ˰ٵķںˣ͵ʴףôһûţ㸸׶ӣαأ
˰ѺԹĿǰòϻصĸף浱Ǹ֪¹أһ㲻򵥡
һ£ȷʵеҪԶԸûôԸѴүʼΧתԸñҩҲ
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ĸһԼãһߺȲѾһָѾͷǴɨõ
ʱԺһˣĸԭûӡ󣬵óĻʱһϳǸθС
˸ЩǮĸԼ֪һһʮ˵ˡ
ҶЩûǹˣ֪һЩΡ
˵õԼҪѶϢĸţתͷ뿪Ժһ
ֽİһӣ͸բĺˮϲĽֵּܺ͹飬һû
ʱһӣ֪Ҫʱʱӿ׬ֽ׬ﻹܵӦ
չ󣬳ٴݰٽſСٲֱӷȥ
˵ϢæӭײڼңӴ֮»ÿճӸ˭֪ؿü۶û̧һ£ֱСԺȥ
ӣ֮ǸᣬҵʱȷʵҲûŪԭίҶûƫҶһͬʣֻǡ
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֮ǰ׼Һ£֮ûٺ̸̸Žˡ
ش²ˣҺͳԸ񲻺ϣպദǢʹǿҲ졣
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СԺڷûȥûôܼɣֱӽ䡣
һ·ҪһֱӡӡĽţӵ
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Դӳػ˾ǣŰأ⾩ñȻûͬƴдײο
յϢǼĸĴ˴ǰ£ص˿챻˸顣
Ҳе֪ϢһͲǸǵģǰĴΪҪЮİѱ
ϸԼƽƽĹûʲôϴµġĹؽ֮ǰѾ˲ֹ̽ϣףǴ綼һ
ǳ˿׶ҵĹûʲô˵ģҲ޹
ȴô룬ΪܵܵĸȨĸĿΪ˱ܵܵ¥ĸ򽻵Ϊչ˷裬ҹңЩԵʱ˵ǲѶΪ֮ΪھЩǷǷУԻɲõӰ졣
һһõӡ
ȴȻһЦʹЩҼĸһһգΣ˽вңϢųȥҶ˵˵ȥˡ
Уֵ˼Ǯ
㲻ںҲںԼοڲͨСŮǽĴС㡣
ǰҶٻںġŮעõģ¼ٺҲѰһˡΪһ裬ĿɨʱĶͣһδޣһʲô˻𣿡
ؿһЦ⣬ǰδޣٲãΣû֣۸СһʼҪĶ
ʹѾǿ׳ʹһһ֤Ҫ˰æ̲ס໤
˵ˣ֮ǰҲûõĶȥΪʲôᶩ飿Ϊǵﴫ̫
˵ĺ񶼶ԣˡ
ͷȲ裬˼˵ʽӡеǸЩͬȴ͡
⼸ջн𣿡
мû̽ǣһǷӰѧҵµѧ䡣
ĸȻһֱϣǿȡΪ͢ףѧĻѧ䣬ֻҪжܹɾ͡
ÿԸͬóҲͬˮѧõĳɼͲ磬ԹȤٲȻҪЩ֪Ҳöࡣ
ʩ̣õܵǶѧɡ
ֻȥһأȽæûϡ
Ŷһʵæʲôѽүкܶ½죿
һʣԱĹģһһĻشһ㲻
æź;һЩ֮㽨ϵڿƽƽԺܹһ֮游ǱߵĹϵܹһ¥
¿˵ͲҪ
ֻǰûӦõĶĽºͰִ֮ìܣΪ˸£ǲںֵõġ
һ˵ô࣬ú棬ţ˲Ծ
Ժүף
ûиүĵҲԽڣǴĶ֪Ϣ
ӲʱҽһЩ飬Ұ׷֮£֪ࡣúүôͻȻһҰСӣ
ľ˵üΪɣȴеļͿɬ
үǲԸǰݲ˽ӣȥúү²ֻ̨ȽӡڣһǮĿڣʵ̫ˡ
ճүһţ˽ؽӻţ˳ףǰڣܲˡ
Ȼʵ飬˽֮
̧ḧǶ׹ͻȻЦϴҵĶ׹Ҵˣɻÿ
һתƻ⣬˳ֿȥǽӲӵĶ׹ƤΪ𪡣
ÿȻǺÿʱԶ׹;ܳ㡣
ҡһԴ׹ĶҡڣɵЦݣǺÿ
һҽ׹ڶҽ⣬´ʲô𣿡
һҪڷӦǵǻĲ죬ת⣬תע
Σ
˫ָձȻһ£˵Լ̲סЦ
ļ磬аԢã˽룬ⱲӶԺȡ
ЦһţͷŷĶǽһ
С˵ǺͳӶ˻飬ɹйŮһңôģ᲻ѽ
뵽пܷǸɲһ֮£Խ£Ȩ߽æȥÿķţС㣬
úһͨ֨ѽһ¿ˡ
߳䣬ؽ󣬺룬ûʲôģָؿ̾˿ˣСҲǸģǵɵСҲȥ
ȨҺ£
ߵãվȨʵ
ȨܼҽõĲãûʲôҪûǸģôһʣɶͷԣһʱûܷӦ
˵ҡ£ȻҲࡣ
ŶǣС㣬ܼҰæҪҪЩҾߣأ
յȵȨ䲻׺ΪʲôҪԹ˵ѣûд
񻷹ܣСԺİƽʱûôܣһƣЩطԸƵġ
ָ˼ƾɵĵطʣµȨԼ
Ȩһһ£⵽ļһϣѵӸĿ
ЩС£ԺԼͺãҡ
굥ӣҲʲôëӽظȨ˵
ȨͷӦ£˺һۣεõͷԼżûһۡ
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һ·⣬Ȩǳɢɢ߱࣬·Ŵ󲽣ҪĲֻܼӿŲǴˣô߷ֻоԼ٣ȵý
سʼԾżȻһĿðϸܺ糺գŻӡ
ô㣿
˵ģͷһۣ˭˵Ҹϡ˵꣬Ĵ뱻ǿ
þǿѾͷ
һͷ˳Ĩȥĺ顣
ˣ͵ɣϵ·
δ֮£ողߵôæЩû뵽ȴųĹ񣬲ٿۣȰȻСԺ֪ƫӦƫҪ͵⣬Զˣתȥ
߳ԶٻͷûӰŷĵļǰߡ
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С㣬ҸոۿСѳͳԶˣС㻹һŻ
һѾߺŹ١
пڴͷƤӶû̧һ¡
С㣿
̾þò˵Ҳ֪˻ûֻӲͷƤٻһ
֪ˣȥɡ
ͷĻӻ֣Ѻ̸ϳ䡣
ӴͷóһСͭڵ⣬űԼĻ˵ڻò֮ϸϸһ˵ܴܲ°̺ۡ
Լµ֣Ƕأֻš
뵽ʱһŲ˺ѷεʹУдλʱʹڻоֱð亹
Ϊһͷ˳СûҲ׺ݵһ档
ûбŵûһţǴĳӣͲһҪ٣ư̻п˵
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̫У͹˹
⼸ڷҲ´߶ǰ㶣һ˿ΥһŤ˽ŻѾʴλ
Щӣһζû̽
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һΣȻġ
ĵ̾ϢЩյ³çΪ˺͹ʧ˹ǵ
ԭлӵĻ£Ŀתĸ硣
ڿˡ
ȫֹһеĶĺԵһƻ˳𲻱Ĳݡ
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ڷ޵ҪҪģ۾ˡ
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⼸ղ֪ôģةຫڳϴԳүͳүΪǷĶ                        
лҪ˵ĸ賿ͻᷢŶ

 37 

һŮûʲô, ǻǺҲǲõ
⼸ն˼, ˽Ҳȥ֮ǷʲôԹ, ֻȥʱûϢ˾, 
ү, ûкú˵ѽ㲻˵˹Ϣȥ𣿡
ϼּԹ
, һᰲȥ飬Ҿһ
ϴƿ, һȥ鷿
ϱƿ, ˶ɵס, û뵽Լһˣǰǿǰ԰ѽ
Լϵ, ûǰ, ү˳, һ˹֮¾, ˸Ǽõġ
ôһʧү谮ҲͰˣ˵Ҳء
ϵڴϣ˼ȥǰԼһ¹ڹϡ
֪ˣͲöͷ, ǵû䵽ǸһѾͷ
ˣͷ˵Զݡ
һ⻰˲˾
죬԰
ҴҶУһȥ˺԰ͤȺ
Ǹӣȥ̽Ϣˣһ֮ͣĻ˾ǣǰվҪϻţб¸ˣϵա
̽϶дֽϣϣ˵ˡ
չǱҳֽĸֽйڹһС
¼ŹСΪ¼
ϸϸ꣬оץСѱһ°ࡣ
ʾسʱһֱݷݣΨĸ漰ܵܵĹʱź͹ĸִһУܲѵܵǽ׸
ؽǰҲҪܵܣ׶ϡ
ܵܲ߰
ϻЦһܵǳ£ܲ
*
ԺͻĹͻȻ磬һս
ӷóһ磬ϣС㣬С
̧ͷյ죬ôⲻǱˡǡˣǺõ֣ǻ֣ö֪
ҰȨ·Ը
æܵһƫȥˡ
Ȩʱõɹ̫ϸ磬̫ůůָо⡣
۾ԵȨһۣ⼸նҶŸϵĶʲôϢʱ֪ҡرǷ˺ͶСǱߣ̽̽
صĵҲǶԵģϺ͹ܻǰĹ£ֻʲôʱʲôķʽи׼
õõҲҲܱɺ¡
Դձʹ󣬹ºҵⲻǣ󵼣ùҲʧģǰǽʼǻŹ
֮δȥҹǣʱ棬ûʲôʵʽӴ
յÿˣȥһǶ
䵭ʵ˲ֻҪܹеҲ˵Ĺϵ׽һЩ
ܵãﻹǲԸԼĴ类ȥοĻ۸˵Ļ
ڶգЩģȥ˹Ժӡ
ϴѾߣأٲڵĽݣȥԼү
ֻϴ֮һǰŹԺСټ
Ѵ鷿ҴҸϹ
ӭʱﻹм־ִٲ
̲סЦ֮ǰ̫䵭᲻ΪҲеھ
硣
ú⣬Ѱһоࡣ
£
֣ʻҲԵúܱ
һֱദоѾ㹻ϾûҪõǵƫ
ûʲôҪ£ڻδ飬ԸҪѰùﲻ£֪ΪγٳûȷɩѡĪǡˣ
ģֻĹ˹ĵ֮Ҫеʲô⡭ͦµġ
ˣûС
شøɴϣûһ˿ԥ
ǲĵ׷ʣǸ
ǸǼ񶨣Һ֮飬ǴСһ𳤴󣬿֮ǰҲ֪ãôݣ˵ûѪԵϵܹϵģ׵á
ָŲ豭Ӧһ㲻˵
׵á
Լ˵˻ʧ飬мֲ̣ԼãǸñԼųСΪ˵Ĺʹʧȥô顣
һظΪ˹˼ĸܣԶ
һж˵ǶôƽҲѹֳӻܹԴҪٲ졣
񡣡
ͣһ£һ¶Ҳǲϲ㣬۰㣬ֻǡǱϾոط겻ãȻ֮ʱ˵Ϊƫġ
̧ͷﺬᣬãȻ˵ǲһĸͬðǡ˵ֵͷָˮͬʱģ͵͵һۣæĨ
ԻһԽԽҵĸоҳԼӣݵ
Ҳ֪ô˵ˣԺһã𣿡
ͷӣȴ𣿱׵û𣿡
ǿЦѣ֪Ǻáôһһ䣬еĵλأȻͦɰġ
Ҿ𣿡
ԴЩӲܴиܵĹػ
ǰҲûܵõĶȻЦˡ
ҲһεĻᣬΪԵܵǵִΪõ顣
ͶЩκڴɵܵĹػʱǷůϲΪʲôأ
˶û˵ֱǣСԺлӻ磬ϲ㡣
˵꣬ŤͷݣصԼ䣬Ǿµľ̨ǰ
صĺ˿ԭںġ
ʰ飬ó֬ԼϲЩۣµ˴˲оԼࡣ
žеԼ΢΢һЦٴ˴εĿǴﵽˣȷϹǶԹûŮ֮飬˳㻹װ˻Сʱٲһ
ϲĳ谮֮ʹСĽŹĵҲǶܲ
ΣǰʯͷԼĽţһڷнź֮αɡ
ֻΣ͹ǻǰ޷˵СĻ
ʱԼߣʱвˣȵĿһۡ
ϸ̽Ŀˣദ׽࣬ܲϲŶԣô˾͸вˣһһеȡ
ϼҴȥ˹ɺ̸ոʰӷϷְѷŹϣʱһĻɫ˵
˵ֻõĸ羹ҲԹչ΢ҧÿ죬ҲҪȥ

 38 

ϲ֪Թǵ, Ȼӵ
ǹϵԺڹ˼ҵĵλ͸Ӳ, Ļ»㸸ȥҺʵ, ҿѽкʵĶ㻹Щ, ʡ
, үŮм飬Ѱһź÷ңȰŮ½
ǸҫĹ, պеʱԸ
ǰµЩױôЩ꣬Ҫ, ܸԸ
˸ƵĹâ
ǿƫͷ, ҲŲҪ, ƾʲôҹҪΪõƾʲôҾ͵Щ޳ȥ, ҪҲȼ, źϳ
˵㸺Ļ, ŵȴǹǰᡣ
ʹΪԼòŶ, ܹ֮黹иġ
޸Щ֪֪׵ģ治˼ϡ
һŵϣ°ֻûƲҪ˵»⵽ķԣֻ, ȵ
ĸŮ£Ҳûٽġ
ǹԺֵýǰ˲ٻƿڻƿϲͬƷֵʻ
˵Щʻܹãûп͹ĶյȫգæѻƿڷӸλãԶ˱裬͵
ЪЪɡ
̤һã˵Ǻܺõĸơ
ɫˣûൢ飬ֻյ裬Ҫ뿪
ú׼һСɫ·СЩ
ǽӹ΢΢һЦͱˣû·
ߺ󣬲ЦепүСǹء
ݵʻ鸴ӣЩݣҪԼȡġ
ǰ֪ĵڶˡ
ֻʹõЩҲǰǸǵ׽еϲоζ
С㣿
˵ΪԼ˵ʲôӵֻһ
ûֻ̫࣬׼ˮԡ¡
ѧ÷Ӹ٣ܵǳԶٷոЩЪϢǡ
*
峿ϴ緹ûԣȨ˽
ϽӣҪ˼ˮ󵰣ܵǵľȥ
ȵ˵طԶԶԺﴫϤ
緹
ϵƣſ̲ס̽ͷȥ
ȻԺ˫ֱװͰͽ̵ܵǳء
δ߽Ժӣѱط
͵ץ˸УЩ˼ЦЦ߽ԺӣؾˮŬϰؽ̵ʽһ侲һ־Ψɽ¶ƣ̬ǿӦ
ܵܵԸ˽⣬ɽƽʱô໰˼ȴϸ壬ƾն˵Ļܿ˼Ҫ綼ҪһЩ
ɽеһ˵صĿһֱû뿪ûԼкҲδ߹ȥ
ȨİӵȳʳýݣվԺһǣ
ɽ˼䣬˽뷨ļ򣬡ÿ˶ԼĳͶ̴Ȳϲ䣬ֱ˵ɣû˻Թġѧҵβ£֪𣿡
ɽмĿ͵ĵͷлл㣬ǳ硭
Ի˵
ɽһЦܽȳ
أɽϲƺҲûݣҪͱˣ
ƮƮ˳Եɽ䲻һعͷϳζͣ¾׽Ķ͵Ե˴š
аɡ
һΪѵĴӦ
ּ϶ȷʵǸûݵģѧôЩӣ򲻹ˣ̹ʱһͬʣûر˭СԳ츳
СϴҲĶ֡
˵ϴҲûʲôݣΪ˽ܹ㣬ӲͷƤš
ĿתƵؾϣʹһЩʹѧųҲδԹѱԼΣҪԼǿ
ؾǸúӣΪ˱ˣʲôҲԸǰΪܵܣ뻤Ҫ
˲ϲ㣬ֱ֮⣬ؾܵµһ
˸־ɽϲ飬רˡ
ʩ̣ǿŤĹϲɽȻûбԹʲôɴܿǳȻѧôģαǿء
ѾгɽھҲΣգʲôͻ״Ȩ
˽ЩĶǣδĹ
һɽڵӣŹڳˮҲͣ¶ܽ￪ԡ
ΨؾʵʵԺջǳؿڣȽݳԶʱͣ¡
ûϵػˣԼݸ
һϾ̵ǣˣ԰ӡ
һϰӱֵһҲʣ£ֻһӣҳԲôࡣ
䣬Ӳʱ˵Ĺ죬Ĺ̲סЦһǰӲ
ǳʱ򣬵öЩźð
˵ȫһСӵȨһּˣͱ˼Сô˵ǰ˼ҵСչƵġ
Ӳԣ治͹ˣ
ߣڳæһ棬滹
С㣬ɡ
Ȩ˸һĳء
԰ѾԵֵܿƮɢŴл͵ζ棬Լͬʿˮ
֪ͳЩ档
ô룬ֵܻǹԹԳȥǣ׼һϰ
ɽԼ䣬ϰ
ѵϢһգֵܸиæһҲûš
ͳһˣȻڽ
ӣΪжŰҲڽ¡
˵⻰ʱȫûѹϣȨЦ
ʢƤǳΪ壬ĵȴϣǸϺ꣬ǽ䲻ȫǸĳļĸһӹɡ
һôҵĵزٲϴƲı鶼ó⸾ĳж񶾡
ĸԶһЩ󲻳ʲô
ʮƶ˵
Ŀƺ֪ЩʲôΪϴβȥصһ£˵⼸쳣ҲӲ˵Ļ񷿼ž롣
һ㣬ȷʵЩ֡
һԼ룬ջǲԸһĺ鱻ƻġ
֪ںһжãɣƽʱҲûʲôرҪҪæģʶһʱ̵ܵǹ
ǺãԺҲõġ
һĵܵǣЦúܿģеĿնʧõĸо㡣
ҲҪǵı𡣡
Ŀ۾ĬҲҪģʼֻ㡣
㶢ſһȨߺţһºˡ
˶ǧǣǸ費Ҫ¡
ͷС˵                        
лҪ˵9Ŷ
10ſʼָ69£мӸ12㡣

 39 

ǰ֪ô, ԼСϱŽЩ, ԰ͦ, ȻԣΨ, ܻ˷ִ硣
ȥʱ, ظȨںߣ´ŵˡ
Խ, ԽվһǸоΪ֡
һһ, , , ƫƫദͬһ㣬ָ֪о, Ǳʶоﲻ̫Ծ
ڳصҲ, һʱƫͷһ, ÿÿĿʱ, ƿĿ⣬𴦣ȴܺײһ
տʼطʱܹ޹˼ɣʱСϸһ, šͻȻ֮
ûгɻ飬ܾЩòͬˣ̬ȣҲ֮ǰܴ֮ͬǰӣôȫˡ
һͷֶº͵ЦݣĪǽ˺ѧˣ˭⸱飬ǡЦ滢һ
룬Ŀĳ̽ζ
·żɢĵĹ˵ϣ˼ϴγضͱ˵̬ȣûк顣
ûкֻôؿջߵǰһ㡣
˵ҪȲܺô㲻ģ䣿
۹Ľţƺûʲô󰭣մƹ֮Լ߶յȰ벻һӰ죬һӡ
ٿյװ磬ȻǾĴģڽֵϣʱס·˵Ŀ⡣
òϣòȷʵǲӵĻģòҲ㹻ġ
ߣڷ˶ûʲô񡣡
ʹǲԸشʱҲȽƣȫЦٴߵĳء
СģȣɲǿЦġ䣬ͳһ뿪
ǶԶˣ̲ǰסС㣬С˵Ҳ򶼽ҪڼҪۻǻظɡ
ݵһۣûõĶҵʲôʱֵܡ
ƿ̣ԼһȵھֵĽͷҪñ˿ȽźأʱһֱڼǱ˴ȳȹ
뵽ͺڵ³çľ
봫Щة˷Ż£û뵽ù󣬽ȫǵ˶һˡ
ٲţǿеȳȹ
һĴӽһ·ߵ߽ͷ
ðŷճһԭ
ȥĲ¥ֱ˶¥һٽֵλã¥ߵ·ˡ

һЦӯӯ˵
ĳֶԹ˵Ȼ⣬һ£ŴǰôڼԵḷ́ʣ̣ôµģСҪҲ֪Ȱţ
ӵĵͷ֧죬û˵һĻ
ĪҪ̣ڼвסҪߵģո¥¿ĲӰҲ㣬ơ
ǰСģÿʣһֱϲԸ
񣬿׽Ĺﲻϻ˵Ǿ仰
ϲ㡭
ѣʱٵԼÿϾǺûκѪԵϵˣʹã˲֪飬ȴ֪֪ס
ϲȥҪ˵֮ϵ岻ŷ粻ȵȡ
һ뵽ԽɵĲӰ죬Խ͹֮䣬Ů֮飬ʹİĽҲǲġ
Լȴ˵µӣϲΪͬ˼Ϊ̽Ų£һָסֱ
ǣǲʲô£Ժ˵˵ҲŹͬķأ
ɫ΢죬СӦеɬָȴĦֱèצƵһ¡һġ
񱻴̵Ƶһ˦֣վλ¡
ûУýҸ磬Ϊζֱ֣
ѵ
̽䵭ܾԼˣʧ֮࣬ҲԼոյĳ嶯Ϊ
ֻǹĸ硣
ҧҧίͰ͵ͷ
ӣ㻹ЩظϢĪҪĴ߶̣ͶСظҿС߶һйܼҺú÷㡣
ź˵ʱԸ䵭Ѿ˹˼
̽סһ£־ȥԼС
вʣκγѾΣӲڴˣҲû취úùֻͨ˳̨£ʹ¥߻ȥ
һֱ߳¥˿
˵ûȷʵ⣬һֵüԣֻûֱӶ󰮡
ǰôȫûв壬˵ΪĻδ˳ȷʶϣ
ҲǸôߴ߸ףЩѰһ¡
*
ظЪϢˡû뵽컹δʹٵһȥţȨվ⣬˵С㣬ˣֵּסլŻˣ˵˻ͷ
ٴ·ͷûᣬ߳䣬лҲѣǿά򶨣˭˵ģ
֮ǰȥǱʱкʲô¿ɵңովǸھȣ˵ǻ̫Ǵˮþ˻ûܰѻ𡣡
һġ
ȥҸװæ
ڶ࣬Ĳ£û׵ָʹǸϴС㣬Ҳ֧ʹЩΪ
үһظǰﲻæȨѡ
ȥҷˡ
ûףһĸҲ
δ߳ӣȨֽסյƿüëôĥ䣡
˵ͷʹˣʲô£ȵ˵
һϢȨһʱȥ˰æԭָȴΪ͸Ҫү׿ϣԸȥȻȥˣ˭֪˾ֻܶһѾ߳ƾ˵ƤӣѾҲֻһ仰ͷʹˣܴŷϢ
ˣС㷢ȥȻˣﻹȵõڡ
ҳŸײڸоΪң֮£Ҳֻ뵽ءȨȥһ˳г취ȥٸ۰æȻ𡣡
ˣԼҲ󼱴Ҵߡ
С㣬ȥĶ
ۼСһߵǰͷʵ
ȥҵܵܡ
ȹǣ˳ȥȨһҲûסֻϺ񣬾ٸʱѺ£ԼٽŸȥ
ҹʧ˯ʱ򣬾ҪҲôףݣ䲻̫󣬿ſڽȥҲˣ㲻Ҳ汻ǺǺܴܡ
ĵĻֻ𳡵ĹһСԮܹȥ۴ɷݣܰ˶١
ϵֵּסլʱԺۼ˲ˣ˾ôԶԶĹѹûǰæ˼
Ψкڵ˽վԺ⣬ֻŻܽ

 40 

ǵլӿǺֵּܵլһ, ǼңҪһֱ, ҲյԼ, Ȼ˸Ϊ⡣
һĳ棬ǰԺһƬ, ȥ￴źδȫ, ֻмƽϴ󣬴󲿷ֵطֻŨ̹
ƵլӺ棬ֺҲ˻, ϨĻ𣬸ѳȥˡ
ļ, ҪЩΧ۵İһæ, ƾô, Щ˶޶ԣе˳, ɴתؼ, ٿ֡
ڵӿԽԽĻ, ŴȼĨ, ö˶˵ôˣŶҪյˣզ찡
һű߻ŸովȻõˮͰʱˮͰ㵹ڵϣͰֻʣһˮ֮ǰ˵, ˮȻˣڼҵˮҲˣƻͣƾ˸޷
أ˭˻ֵ˶ǰȻû뵽ǵİôĮٲȻһ²ؼ߸߹ɡ
լϸȫȻܵǵӰҲûȵ
òᡭ
絶ӽһ£ϽˮԼͷҪ塣
æסʲôôΣգȥȻϨˣٿûֵǮĶʣ°ɡ
ӯӯҵܻܵ棬ôڲˣ
ӣԺ塣
һϮԴͷܼ
ԺӴʱ˰Χ͸ԺܴһյأʲôҲûУȻûչվһպǿյм䣬ʱȫ
ǰһ𣬽ŵڣҪĺǻˡ
ҧأץŵʪ£Ҫһٳʱߴطŭĺ
񣡸ҹ
عͷԺٸˣˮͰ˭һͰһͰϽ
Զˮһڸ
оˣ
һ֪ԶԵظոնŭϲ֣ȴۣһҲԺ
㡭
δ˵꣬ͱرڻ
ͷϴŭ͵һһ㶼ܵ𣿷ҪŽȥ
һ㵽Ҫɵ
һĻﻹǻŵúܡ
ѵٴοʻЦôܽһǰ
ţԹţҲίȥһ
ƿջķҺ磬ֲ˵ˡ
ʱԺһͰһͰｽˮԺĻܿ챻ǳԺڣӴŽˮ
ؽԺӣȨţԼַԺӡ
ŴĻ𱻽ֱֱӣԺΧ۵һ̾
ոճȥʱвˣۿųܽıӰһ̣˲们䡣
ܵҪҲҪĸΪںڶһߣʹô˰ŽˮȻȻŵ޷
ȨúԼǰԷһʱҪ塣
һ߷ĸ첲һḧź󱳣С㣬̫ģӰѾǵĻʦˣһܹȵġ
һЩȷʵͳһװԭǳ͢Ļʦ
ǰδȳ棬ǲ֪ǵĻʦҪȵٸܳŻôãһֱû˹ʩȡ
Ȩһ߻һ͡
ҵ˵ҹҺүҪһţ츮
ǵ츮ʱͰ͵飬ζԸȥǳһ߿츮Ĵš
ָӵöĹԱʦӪڴŴˮԴԱ֮ãǶʱܹôˮ
ʦһֱｽˮƽסɳسٳδܳڳⲽʱš
ˣˣ
Ⱥͬʱ
߽ǣˮϿɽ߳
ؾһ˶ﻹʲôЩԶ̫
ܿóǶûʲô󰭣ֻѬˣΨɽؿڼͷ£֪Ǻˣǡ
ؿɽ߳ԺӣǵĹٽ͵кֻ̫Ũ̡
ˮɿ֣˵㣡
һ㣬һ𣬿һš
˶ȳˣʣµţʦԻլӵĻȫٲ鿴ֳǷʲô쳣ٻȥ֪ˡ
ɽԲѣʹûΣգҲȸҴơ
һ˵ٹ˲Ͽޣǣˮһֱҽݸȥ
ҹдֵʱǴ˯ʣһǰλȫһڣǸմӵӻĶʱŵòᡣ
ֱ˵龭֪ǸոմӻȸԲѵɽ֪úַļ£ͼɽͻȻҿ˽Ҳָʶ
֮Ƕ
ؾ첲ͺЩˣ˵òأֻҩؼԼվͿȬ
ˮѬûʲôˣֻСŵòᣬһʱĳƤӶֱ¡
񶼸򿴹˼裬ˮһȣ֮İ˯
ֱʱزŽ⿪յõ磬תŴ򣬡ұϵˣҿ
߽һƣﲻס꣬ôЩ˵ˣô˵ء
߶ĶһֱûͣһСɼر󱳵һ¶ǰ
񿴵ƲֱۣȨСȰС㣬ӴƣǵǱ߻رһΪá
Ȩʹ˸ɫһ¡
ʹмпӸܿ˵ȡ
ԣߵСſ£ҩ߹ȥȸ˴ٸҩ
һûصһԿŵˮһֱоƵġ
ΣոŲ鿴ܵܵƣûע⵽ˣһֱɽҽݡ
ȴ꣬´ϣ߳档
ʱæʱ뵽ҪҩѣҪȨظӣóǮˣҪǻؽ
㶼˳ˣȥ
ҪͳػغֵּҲһֲͬļֻ֣õͷӦ
ڳ˶ƣˮһڴϾͺ˯Ҫʲô衣
ʱſؾﱧŵʲôĸλ뿪ʱؾҪѸĸλϣԱպҹ㹩
ûѯ·ԣĺ󱳣͸ϡܿ
ô
֪֪ʣʡ
ԴҩͲˡ
̭䣬۵׵ĵĺΣôٱԹ³ç¡
ֻ⣬úϢٹ㡣
תһ³ޡ
ⷬȣżȻ

 41 

Ȩģ, ֪ѹסȥ¾Ҫȥҷˡ
С, , ҲȵүʱҲܸ, Ҵ, үӦþܻҲˣɻүȥ£ƽүڸЪ, õŶþǵĻʦǸԼ˾ܽ𡣡
ȨԼ, һ߰οųĹ
Ļеŭ, ôô, һڸϣƫƫͳ, ƫʱͷʹ, žǹʱ, ȵܵܡ
ȵ, լյҲʣ£ҪԭҲ֡
Ǻúݵţ
ԭΪϻĹ£ﲻ̹û뵽ϱԤĻ񶾣ݽ֮Ҳó
ʻ, ʱ΢΢ף·ûˣЩ̵Ļƿʼɨһ̧ͷ
ؾϸԭڸոʱѾŵλţȥö˵λʱͼǰݺſڶʼŻ硣
ʱҪӣһ
һֱλһСˮɽԣһҧֱӳš
ܵǰʱˮͻȻˣôҲҳȥŻԽԽͣʱȥԼѡ
˵ķ䣬ˮһڿľ䣬ɽľһԣȺԮ
ҲȺڼ䣬ɽỤ֧̃ͻ˹ȥˮڴľûʲôˡ
ؾŵܵܺ͵λЩˡ
ֱس𳡣Ǵӷ;Уһնϵĺǳǵһ£ʱǲŷԭſڵĻѱʦ
Բ𣬻뱣㣬û뵽ǵǡ
ؾ֣µǸر˵һһ˳𳡣ǳؼʱ£û׼Ҳᱻˡ
һ뵽ܷ˺ؾѹˡ
̫ˣÿÿ飬û취ﵽֻ鳤һ꣬ȴܹҪǡܻסǴ;еĴɱˣεĻҲˡ
ͳȣǺһֱı¹еӣ»ÿȡ
˵Բ𣬸ú˵Բڽ˯㡣
ҧгݵ
ȨȰ˵޵ȻӣѾ˵ǣ嶯ţû׼øײĲТ֮
ȥʻʦûв鵽ʲô˿ʵ֤׸һ״һû鵽ʲô취ֻع˲һʧ
ͷܵܣﲻĥܵӦĳͷ
ͣڽŴȨҲ³ȥؾѺ˯ˮɽ
Ǽ㵽ס᲻᲻̫ã
֮ǰҲΪ˹˼Žڽסǹסؾ顣
ʲôֻҪڣû˸Ҹǡ
֮ǰǲõܵǾ뽫Щ£Ϊͬǵסڸ⡣
δøڣǶӻؽ
ʹײԸǣҲðʧ֮²֮ǵȥ
˳ļƻʱԼŭѹ£ŵܵǻԼСԺ
ڶһ磬óЩԵģȥ̽ߡ
ˣҹûô˯峿ʱԺ˯ȥ
ŵطʱ˼·ţ涼ûж
ͷѾ߲˽Խȥ֮ǰүķ˿ͷٲΥضµĹء
ˣԼȥɡ
ѾηηβģΪ
һţžͿˡ
ҡҡͷͷһ˯ðѷ˨ϣرںֵطͲ±ļӺ
ܴ߽ⷿһۿĴ̣ƾżұ߹ս߹ȥſƽſڴϺ˯ĳء
ʳзϣ߽ǰ
Ϊ˯죬ŵ߽Ӧòᳳ뿴󱳵ˣӲһǣͱס
˭
֡
´κһСô졣
˲Ӵ
Сǣ˿ڣ˻һɫˡ
æסȷ
ƣܼɵĳ죬󿴹ȥ
ã޲ѩһƬʱûѪ
ҹҪˣҲѪ
ֵҪҿǰ˿ڵ޲Ρ
𿴡
ȵץס֣Լǰ
죬ջûǿתȥʳóһó׼С࣬ʮúСİͷ
ߵ䣬ϴϣ߹һ˲ü
ԶΪ˸ࣿ
ʢõ͵ǰСθʺʳãͷٳԡ
Сθȷʵ˵ǲ̫ܳģֵ꣬Ա»Ӱӣó׼ͷ
ûٶ໰Թ÷
ȫһԿţֱԺ֮󣬲ſѯʻʦǱ߿ɷϢ
ȥԵһлš
ҹ˯ǰͰźõ£˵Իȥ죬Ҳܺⳡ𵽵֣˻
ţлٻؽˣ
˳ƶϴеɳز֪飬ôƶϣֻ˵кܴɡ
ҲţûãȻ˹š
ֳⳡֿԶ϶˹Ϊ֮ΪֵլǰߺͺǽǺܶз֬ĺۼ
˼ҳ˳гõʳͣ˵̨һͣǰԺԺܻᴢ֬þլΧ
Щû鵽Բ֪ǺΪ»õȹٸ̽
кү֮ǰĹգ֪˶Դǿأزӡ
˻ʦж˵ףظǣҪظˡ
һƵ۸ͬлظ
鷳˼֣Ҳȴһ·ϣʱʱֱͦűϵˣϼˡ
˽ŶУ͵͵
Ȩ˵ظˣǰӭһסүظǰȥ˷ˣʱû֤ôԩɡ
ڸʱ䳤Ȩڸ˵ƢԶ˽⣬ǹֵס
˳ӻȨŵ΢гڣСضܲί
ү𣿡
ſھʹ䣬ȨҡҡͷûϢӦÿˣҸոյǰԺʢװ磬Ժｽڹүظ
һͷͲˣ
鲻ǲˡȨҲ֪ˣС֮ǰؾ·ɱֶйأϧû֤ݣԡ
ݼܵǻڷϢȨӣһ𵽽ǰԺȥ
ҪǰһУǰͷ

 42 

ȨûļҵСֶط, һԳӹԹԸСߵǰԺѰſһ, ˴
̴Ƕһ
Ƶ, үһžܿˣƻƲȥ
ǰԺ˲, ż·һϡĿ, ԺֻûţôûбôΧ۹
ǱҪǰԺԴſڵλ, еţҲ˵, ٿ, ʲô¡
Ʋ, ȥͳشк
ضǲ䲻ȵ̬ȣϻҪ, ٺ, ֻҪزټĳ, ѾҡܸһֳǸĸо, ԲС
ڴţڵȸ׻
кߵǰ𻰡
̧ͷǣѵû˵
˵ʲôһãȻ, Ȼҹ֮º֪顣
һжķӦǼ٣ٴ׳ʲôˣҹ˯磬ϸճͿǣ㲻˵ָ֪ʲô
ҵܵסլҹʧˡ
侲ĳһ߼۲仯
Ǿȵʵʲôû£ڻˣҹôң

ҹû뵽ţǶûбκɡ
ƿĿ⣬ЩˣѰǽӵԺﰲãصİæǽܹƽ¡
ش⣬ٴοŻ⣬˹ݻͼ˺ҵܵǵ
˭ô󵨣ȥ٣Ҫס
˵ڣԼ⡣£ˣĪݻԼˣ뵽һ㣬Ҳ
ʲôֱ˵ҴӦ㣬һͬʣƫ̻κˡ
ϴ֮ǹݺȣܵǳ£ǹΪݻ׶֮£óʣϣܹһ
٣ͱˣ֪Ҳϲ顣ֻ£ﲻңֻܵȸ׻
˴ʱзƽ࣬¼Ҫô˵ҲѾ˸塣
ԽԽ̬أѾٸҪȵ׻ֹĪݻ֮ǡ룬һ˵Ĵ¡
Ҫ¾ȥæɣҾš
˵䣬糾Ͷ飬߽ţͿԼһ˫Ůź󹧺
һԻųأδŮ
ôڣӶˣҪ£
߽һЩк
ǲ֪˵ҹ˵ò岻ģȫԼ²⣬ֻҡͷԵĹ
ڵȵվǰŹĸ첲ε׻һգ﷢£ǽҼģպ׶Ҽգټס
֪Լмָ飬ȴûܵܵԼˣڹУΪ˷ЩǿǣǺϷһȽϣһƫϡ
һ˵ôˣɫʲôˣ
ǰ˵ǵĻԭ
ȻѾ٣ǹٸһˮʯȲҪȲǴץˣ˲ݽ֮ʱһط
ףǺĸЩϵҲڴ˵ȺףϣΪǽֹ
Źûʲô˵ľͼӴһѵʱ˵üգùﶼϰµģҲ鿴ȷûʲôˣŷ
ҹ֪ܼܵլʧϢ˲ʹҪĸ׷ԸȥȻȨһʱȥĸȣû뵽ĸ׵Ѿߴ򷢻˵ĸͷʹ֢ˣ˭ҲŻʦʱϵڡҲǻ꣬ټס
ڰԭԭ˵꣬ͷĨᣬ뵽ҹǳ棬ʵеĿ־ӿͷµĲټµټĵܵǣȥ˵ĳء
Խ룬޵ԽǱݣʱ߹ȥߣס
˽ʦѾ֤ʵ˷֣˻ȣȷɣŹٸʷŴֲ

䲻Լ˻£ضô˵ôҲҪֱ棬УҾȥʷˡ
һ˵ȺƺƵԺӣеԺʯϷһѾŲ裬һô˹֪Ȼݲȣӭǰȥ
үˡӴôôɣǣгӣǶѽǸſ
ЦӯӯɫǱͷʹ֢ĥӡ
ĸ׽ͷʹˣ
ʵ
׼ЦЦѽһоˣѾ˵ҹңʲôҪ𣿡
ǽ˵˵ĶԻȽݡ
ûͷʹ֢֪ദ꣬˵Ǽ٣ǿóֻ֡ףΪҪֵּܣʹϲûôϲҲ˺
˼ֲ룬ȴϵĻش
˶еһһº󣬹Լʵ˺ʱʼͷʹ֢֮ôδ˵
ҲҹͻȻоʹ̣ҹߡϴӦ
˵ĸΪҹδʱȻ𣬿ɻ֤ݡ
ʵ
⣬á޷죬ʹǱ˹ٲݻ֮ˣҲǣ
浽үүҲΪһ֮ԾͶ
ϵʱֻ񲻻ŲæվͷһϹʱûȷ֤ݣкܴ󶯻ĿңҽżܵܵİΣ£Ʊػƴȣ˾ͿԴﵽԼĿġ
ôһ˵Ի󲻽⣬ŮҲûе⺦ʲôô֮ǰŹŮҶ缺ɹôͲˣ
Ǳʶ̫Ź˵ǡ
ףҲǽŵõϢأéٿ׷ΪαŸ׾Ͷ̬ȴΪͬΪΪжһлݺڲ塣
ʱ˶أһ°ͣȫ׹˵ʲôΪһȻص飬΢΢ͷ
˵˵Ķʲô
̲ס׷ʵ
ΪԼŮܹٻΪ֮ǰв¶Ҫҡ
ϵǷ˵Ůƭĸͨţƭĸ˵Ǹ̥Ȱĸӻʡøһѹĸû;Ը£汧˸ŮӤŮӤǹ
ϱ⻰ŵòᣬʵʵģôδǰӺ̹׹һ⣬ǳѾͷòǱһţʲô˵˰ɣ
ָ΢鲻ѡ

 43 

ƫ, лö֮˵ǣɹ֮, ֱ͹֮Ĺϵ
ƻүŮ, ԼŮ棬֮ΪԼŮѹŮ, ôصһʵ, ڽܰȻĶȹ
ϻŹָܿ򶨣ȥδߵ, ѳֹ
ĪҪ˵飬ո˵Щ, ģ
Ļȥ, ϶ͶĲ̬ͬ, ԼѰʱϵĲԸ
ʹȥѰŮĳΪҽҲǴúŮ, ϾԼŮ, Լµĺӡ
ô, Ҳֲ
ϼµ, ǲһˣô˵棬ôԼµֶС
ү˵˵ô캦֮°, ĸ׽㣬Ҳǿҽȥ磬һ˫ŮûչˣҲŸģҶҲ⣬Сչţûһ˿ѽΪһһչǣҼ޸үôãһӶû⻹Աҵ𣿡
һԹµ˵ǰǵĹе϶ȷʵܺãճչ˵õˮ©һĸ˵ʲôëҲ𾴣Υ˼
һŮܰѴõഺ껪չ˱˵һ˫Ůʱǿһãദ֮ǳĲģŻȢˡ
ĸһֱܺãϺˣ汼ۣص϶꺮ůһ˫ŮϵչˣôҸϹͲС
ۼΪ֮ݣϻٳûһȴϡ
ĪҪˣ֮ԲӣΪˣºûкúÿ򣬳ҩӣ֮޷Ů
ɫһ䣬תŹƿڴѾͷϹ˵ʲôأ˭˵ҲˣҲǳӸģ֤أƾһ˵ۻ಻ò֤㲻ҵĸ׿ҺôҲĸôﳤ𣿡
ʱվ𣬡˺α߳ŭڳԣĪǱ˵ˣˣߵߣԷͻȻ˵
ôһվѸϴܴѹոҲ汻ˣŻôڲԣôһʣһ⣬òʲô֤ݣȻôǰ飬ô֪һ
ӵתƵ˵ǡ
ûŹȻ㴰ֽͱˣǾݲĸŮ⽫ȥ
ף˵ĻǼ٣һ֪ûӣҽڻܲӣҴжϣǷΪ˵Ů벻˵Ҳ֪֤ɣ
ԹŵѪǹϵİ취˵Ѫܹڣ˵֮ѪԵϵ
䲻˵ǰٷְ˵ǾĸŮϾʱֵѪҲһ𣬵ٿ֤һ㣬Ǿ֮һĳϵ
֮ǰ¼Ĳ죬Ͳƶϳࡣ
հѻ˵꣬漴͵˽¹ϵشúúԺ˹ӻٳʲô£ǻ׷Ī
ⷬ侲ӦԣѳԤڣСܣ֪ģ£úúġ
ͳһߣ˵ļĸ
ףҲͬĸףͷĸ׵ǸĲ˵Ķġ
û˵ȥġô궼ĸԸһᡣ
ϼһߵڹʶĺ˼Ҫ߳ӣ߳Ⱥ˵߷Χһϣ뷨Ҳãֻϵϣ˽̹ʱٺú˵
û˳ͱһץסˣ׼ȥĶأףˣһһ׼
ɫأȻûö⡣
ѵҪٸ˺ѾҺ͸ʧɢ꣬ƽ󣬶ĸʴȣǼа֮ˣҿѾ¥ЦΪԵ͸طꡣ
һȰ
һǱڹϵŴݺǶʧ͸ΪֻǸ֪ȡǽ¹ǰִԲϣ⸸ǳġ
ã˵ġ
ڵͷӦ
תŵȨԸȨȥźʹȥѶС׼һˮذס
ץϵ֣лߡ
ϼѳɶ֣Ҫ飬ǱȻܹġ
һģڵأһס߹ػô㲻Сģͷʹַ֢ˣЪЪҪҲõһ
ϱǿϣʵˣɹڳ÷Ź񣬶Ҳ޿κΡ
ȻͻˮʯҲδٷգδϣȽҲ٣һϢ󡭡ֻϣϢɡúõһңѵˣ
ӣǴӺε֪ôǼҵļ£Щ£ǽ˵붼벻
Ȼ
ϢԴ͸¶ҼȢΪޣԽ֮Ȼģ֮ŷɭϣδ׼ŷ粻Ҹ׿ܻ
ίʾǳڳүΪùû취ӡ
ƫͷһۣ䲻յζҲúܡ
Ǽƻ仯ԭ˿룬Ϻ͹Ŀ¶ڸǰø׺úóǣ˭֪غĶȥӺܵܡ
ǵСҿ̣˵˵ܵǣݲǡ
ֻһ˵ô϶࣬ԵЩŹˣȽصƣʵ֮١
ڼºָõͣһ뵽ͷʹ֢ҲҪˡ
ȨûȰѹ˹һˮһѾµذס
֪˺£ӶԼˣȴڳһʱ俴ϡ
ȴңϣҲһۡ
ûĻţʱҲĴ񣬱֮ǰظʱ䵭                        
лҪ˵¸£˫129㡣һ9㡣
һᾡ˫

 44 

˶˵, Ҳҿѯʣ㰲һԡ
ֱذ, , ףҽҷ, , Թ
ԽǫãԽʹ֮ǰ˵Ļŷ, ӹذףһһԻϡ
ذߵǰ, ɵĶˮ
, Ϲм, ʵֲ֤æ, ԰һ, Թۡ
ذ, ס, ߹ȥߣףҪʲô
һۣ鸴ӣδ͡
ȥĸ첲, ׷ʲôѽ
ɱܿԼŵˮˡѪס
˵
ŵסͣһ˼ײһδĳء
ʲôףΪʲôҪĸ׵Ѫ
ڵ۾Ǿ֣Ψһĸйϵģֻʣ
רȥΪ˺ĸ׵Ѫף
ס
֮ͬǰǰ㣬һӦҪӡ
ֶˮȥ׽ȵضڴſڣס˹ȥ·
磬ΪʲôҲ֡㲻𣿡
۰һĻǰίŹĸܶٹ˼
Ϊʲôôţĸ׵ŮӦûѪԵϵ
Ļ룬ùǸӿġ
֪ģڹ֪飬һжֻϵƣôҪӡӣȰװ¡
źܶ룬Ψû뵽֪ġ
Ѳһֱڹֻ͸׶ˣĸŮǱΪ飬ϷǸƣ
ֻҪһ飬ˮʯۿν࣬Ρ
ǰߣƾôҲûֱ֣ץסϵ֣ʳָỮһʺѪҺνˮ֮Уϵָ䶼ڲǵѪȻǷһ˹ȥҪ롣
һֽ£ʱܿűסˮ
˲Ҫ˼ˣ룬ָö໮һӣǺαءƮƮ仰ת
ѧŸ׵ӣ׽ŹСϷֻһСڣѪҺӹָ䡣
׽Źһȥ
źѪˮյǰ
һˮѪƣһˮѪĽںϵһ
֪ȫûѪԵϵѪǲһģһѾ˰ء
ʱȨŽźʹˣеĶǾõĴ;ḻĽš
һƣҲ֪Ǻ
ոʱûȫ˵ʲôƾֻƬҲܲ¸šС˷ܹѹס˺ͶС㣬СĴȫʤպķչҲĪĺôһ뵽Ķ֡
ͽŴݺԹԺͺһ˳⣬˳Ǻϡ
ͽŶϵù˽ģվһԣȺԸ
ýԵȺǴȸϰ
ѾӣǵѪ׽͹֮ûйϵ˵õϢǴģĲͿʡԡ
ƫƫһˣڴͽŰ֮䣬ѡ˴
ʹϵŮϲΪϤĴǵ顣ϵûˣҲ԰ⲽʡˡ
ٻһ档
֪飬ֻΪΪ˿ϸϸüͷ˵õǺβʲô֢״ҿ󣬺Ʋûʲô⡣
ݣᣬˮСһţ
в죬˶ʮͣѲɻŮ뷨˼Ҫհ죬ϰϡ
֮ǰϵ˿ȻʲôëҪܷ׼Ͳͬˡ
ѹãίıʾ飬ͣŮǺˡ
ûа취׷ʡ
Ϊһ׷ӣͬΪˣ뷨رҴҵģļҼԼã˽ֻһŮȷʵ˶˵
Ҫӣ仨ʱ˵壬Ȣһ檣Ҫġ
򽫻˵üί񣬲δֱû취⻰˼Ҳ룬а취ҽε£˭ᵱ˼ҷ˵棬Ȱ˼ү檵ģ
̾˿Ǳûа취ˡ
ˡϷΪƽ͵Ļش
ʱҲˣɵһ㣬ĿͣκĲ
˰Ѵͳȥֽ˽ǰδԸϱĴе
үˣ
ǽŸϳ⣬ְŹϣߵǰ
˫ϥһڹǰȥק°ڡ
ǣӣ˲磬̥֮űʱʵû˰취ż͵ȥأѺӣ
ϻ£ǿɬ󲿷ʱ䶼˶ٿͷƻһȴ
үôҾûйͣҲп͡⺢һģҿɰñҪҪİ
ߵһԣǵѪ￴һۣô˵ʱһȻ
ֵزԭµĳ롣
˵ĶģôϷȻһ㶼δ
һԼ°ڣ˳Ͽ
пͣһƣǸŮʧɢ꣬Һллطֲ꣬źǷ˸ҪɥŮ֮ʹ֮궼ûܼһأ׽㣬ĳ˶񶾣ΪŮĽܺļӺճŮ
۸ŹǰϣٶĿͣҲֲ㷸µ
ϻΪԼ飬ٴʵ㣬ҹ㰲ŵģ罻ˣȵٸץ˲ұ㣬˳츮뱣Ҳס
ôһţʲô˵ˡ
үȥٸ֮ܲ࣬һġ
Ų޵÷겻Ͳסֺݺݹһ⡣
ˣ㻹飿
ֻ˵ǼСӣûô𳡾ʱľգŻôҲѹȥ
׻˵ɮҲÿ棬ϵҺŮǰѺһΣֶ຦һΣԭǸӣԺ˺˵¡
ˣֽ
һߺȣȨӦһȥ鷿ֽʣĥõī
үҪʲô
ϹڵϿ
Ҫд飡
ϵʯû˿ɽĵڵϣû
ĿǰһĻĸҪǱ׸ˣҲҪĸ뿪

 45 

ҧ, תڵĹ
ӵеһõĶ
û, , ģĸײᱻ, 粻ǰ, һеԴͷǹ
ִ̧ۣӷһ, ͷŹݺݴ̹ȥ
Сģ
ĹǵһӦ󺰵ͬʱ, ȥ񵲡
ʱѱǻס, 񶾵֮, Ҫ㣡
رŹӦ˰, ֹʱ, Ѵ̽񵲻Ĺֱۡ
黹δʼд, , û˵񣬷лĹǣ÷
ԭĸ磬ھỤŹ·Ѫʹģ޷ܣ޷ܡ
ӡ, ٴ񣬳ٸᣬһͷĳԶڵϡ
бڵϣʹĴϢ˫۾ĶŹ
˿ֳ֮󣬵һʱ鿴ǵơ
ϸɹΪֱ۴ѱѪȾ죬Ӧô̵ú
ȨһȷԸæȥ
һ£߹ȥǰڣ㻹ң
ҵһУҺ㣬Һ޲ó⣬Ѫ
Ŀĳţﳩ켫ˣٲװѺãٲðôʱˣôҲҪĶ
ǰõʲôأһΪƵĸףʲôҲʣˡ
ֻûԭҵĶǵģ˵ľôҪﲻԸ黹Ȱ㻹ʰʰúðԼˣȵԼഺ٣źڡ
ʱĹ˵ٲΪ㣬ָͷԸʱֻϡ
ԸƣҪ㣬Ҿĵ뿪ǣĪٽо˿Ц
תȥߣٲſڵҳĹ
һĻӼᶨݵϵľ
īܿд飬ӡ£Ӹϡ
㲻ҵķˣŮʰϸվ뿪
һ仰˷ӦĨᣬధүվ뿪һʱ֮ĶȥǷ޶ϣЩӣҺסٰȥ
ͷȥԸٿһۣڸϼһ˺ŮҺģҪ֣͹Ů̫񶾡
תȥǣǣĸôĴģĸ飬鰡
ǿЦҡͷԲĸȣ֮ҵĺòΪ֮λøȵЩһ֮ĻҲΥ㻹Щʰ뿪ɡ
Ϲһ˦뿪
ʱȨ߲õĴ˻ƲԼԺӣôֱ۵˴
ʣ¹ͳأҲδͣҪߡ
ĵĴӵҪȥ׷ȴԼһСˤڵأ󴦸պÿżϡ

ҵʹҽһ
תԼһףѾżͷ
ǿżϵĽŸպǴα˹ֻʹֱ֡ģ񲢲ж࿪ģҲͬ鲻
˱пɺ֮ݴʱĹǡ
ֻܹȥˣæ˸򣬿һϢ֪ٲǸϵĸﻹʹ
û˰취ֻԼܳȥ
ֱԶˣ̾˿
һԸĸŮûΪУÿĲǣô̾
һԲѯʡ
ԭ˵زϧ̫᲻Щˣ
صҡͷһҲΪֻòݣҡ
˵һͣȤ̧ͷ㣬Σ
㲻֪ġ
صЦЦûֱӻش⡣
ǲԸ˵ˣû׷ʡ
һصСԺҳ֮ǰǽҩú͹ȥ
֮źͳһȥܵǡ
ҹյ˶˯Ͳѣǹǣǲۡ
ǰ㣬гҲһˣֵﻹ̰˯һ𴲣·һͬ¡
ҹͲ鿴ǵƣ׼һǸоʹѡ
ؾ˻ҪٻҩɽͲסĿԣɳƣҹŨ̻δȫΨһӵľСˮЩţûˣ˯Ժָֻ˻
СԺǰѷԸ׼Եģ֮ȫ嵭ʳֵּûһұԹģСͷһ緹һԸˡ
ҲǳЩΨгضСʵΪʲôԣûУ
ɨһۣȻ˵øأܳԻȣˮ̫أ˺Щܳԡ
Сͷ͵ٶͷûóˡ
һΣСһһͷԵǽһѸ٣һûпţСԭ߸ͷžͼ˵ס
ǽĻʳһ䣬ŵͷ
⻰ˡ
ʵϳʳЯŸʡˡ
뵽ôһˣƫƫͼƽһءֻʱŸоͬ˵Ϣ
ȵҶԱȺãѾǽ곷ߣƲȲ裬ȫ̶ֱͦҿα
ؾ֪˵ýأΣ磬ҹðȣȻýˣԺʲôõֵģ㾡˵һ
ؿһԵĹһۣһֳ°ͣ۾΢΢ţ̫磬ʱʼ
úŬǰæʱԲǿ
ڵǻ̫ˣԼס̸ν
˼ˮûףؾȴˣĵͷﰵģպһҪԼǿ
һͷڰѴˣϻظȵǴ
һģü˵õþرȵúúûţզˣ˴ˣ
ԼŮǱ࣬ݣֻ˵ǲСˤˡ
ϸǽ㣬һʹֱС
ˣСȱϻػҪأôˤģǿˣ
ԶԶԣˤȥʱȾͿżˡ
˵
ҡҡͷȰѹȹǽϰɣСȴǶˣ˽һ죬ûõġ
Ժɻʲô֢ϴ˵ġϼѯʣҲûűܿ˵
һߴҩöһ߻ش𣬡⻹治˵ϴ˽㣬ؽСȹһˣɣеþû£е˺Ժڳȵ̫ԡ
һˣȣĳȳȹ

 46 

һ, һ鷿ȻʧĿſڡ
и, 뵽ô, ǹ룬ǰ˱, û취ԭ
Ʋ鷿, ĻᣬϹʰ궫ٻط
ҵȵȲ, Ѿѯʣ֪ϸոմ˴, ˺ʹǰԺš
ǰȥ, û߳ſ, ˻
鵽زٹ, һ, кΰ
̾, Ժȥˡ
ҵ, ˲֮֡
ߣͰ˿ڣȨѴͳֱӻȥݡ
ʱײϺҩһǹ, ЦŽӹҩúȻȥ
˶ˣ
Ҳ鷿ϵ·ѻһµģ߽ȥػ
ǽӹ׵ݹĽҩϴιƿˣڲֻǱȽֹסѪ֮ԼҩҪȥҩϴһ
ġ
Ц
Ҫǹδ֪Ҫڹ꣬Ȼɢˣϸ룬ûĸŮܹøʣֻҪúˣҲԵŵĸ
ԼƽѾϣҲûʲô
أ
μҪֲĴˣЩʧ
ûкģſײϣҾˡѽڿǼܵܣ׵׸¶ȲСеĵλ
п
ͨ£ֵּֿܶԹҪԣ˵ĲЦҹΪǻȥǡ
֪ͬյ᲻Ϊͬһƴأ
ﷺʵͬʱԼ񶨡
ջʱҶҲֺãôĵܵȣи飬ǶһЩӳˣҲὫǷںܵһλϡ
صĽҩĲҩҹĶ
*
ȹǽӺ֮ľ̶סСȶѴǧµߣûãǿɲһ㳤̽ŵ¡
ŵȲմأͰ͵ȣϰѴߣ͵ͻһĸףô죬Ҫ뿪𣿡
һɫ뿪ΣǷ˵ҲƼˣȵңһطʰʰطʰЩֵǮĶ
ȻûֱӽϳǸʱúʰǱĬԼĶôЩҲ˲ΣҲЩ˽ǮȫϵĻĸŮʱסǲֻǳԶƣҸɽС
֪գͲó⣬ûǸģŮģϳӶˣϧˣһ̣ԶҲ֪֮ᷢʲô
Խ벻ͨΪʲôܲ鵽ô飬ûκ֤ݡ
һڷʰһ£ƾԴҲ֪ĸڳ⡣½ʰһĶֵǮֻʰ˼ƵģֵǮκǮ
ʰûߣǰʣµȫڷһǣѾ߷ԸһЩٺٻá
Լѹθɾȥ˹䣬ʰֵǮƷʣµ·װһĶȸڷ֮ٻظá
ʰŻҹ
Ȳߣҷ㣬㾡ҵ㣬˶ӡ
ϱĴϻ÷Ź˻߳ţܼԽͳ⣬ϲҺͶС㷿Щ·Ǻúñţһٺþͻá
ܼЦеĶһϹͷλٺúǵĵַ˸λ͹ȥɡ
ΪѵĵͷҲаɡ
˵ʲôܼѾתȥֱӻ˰Źϡ
ϱݣŶС㶼һϳ֮£ʱѾ齫£ƾŽǵʰܲµǱضǷʲô򽫾ô顣
ԹܼҸûǵ˺С㣬Ժ󽫾ţûнҲ
϶ŽҿãĻ޴йջǷŹȥ˿ջ
*
ڽգֵּܻûʲô󰭣֮ǰסլӱջ٣ٲסġ
Ǽڽֵּܶʾ⽫ĶڣνѲԼĵѣԼʼǸЩ
֮ǰլѧý͸ھҲǢҪԺعҲ㡣
û˰취ֻùܼҰȥլݡ
ڼ䣬ݾӽճȨͺæϣǷġ
һʱܣر鷳Щһ˰£ȻѾ裬һۿȥ˴Ǻ
ӣ˶ϵˡ
˸ӣЦ
⻰˺üΣʱ졢һ°ͣϵþϵãԺҪģ֮󻹲סţǰϵңҲǼ¡
һڳ°ӣ˵Щ塣
Щǰ˵˵ͺãɱͷ˵ȥȻָô˵㣬˵޼ޣͲռ޽
ӣһ֭Һ
ף޼ˡ˳ƶΪ֮ʶʱΪܡó䲻ѵ
ƻУô޵ϣڳͣ޸ԼһأٽɵԼƬС
ˣڹ⵲Ĵ
Ҹûȥˣæİɡһɾ֣ʳУû˿ˡ
һֱȥӰֱˣ߻鷿Ƿݼϸϸо󣬽漸ֵ˱ǡ
ЩˣʱȥӴӴ
߳ᳵ·ߣʱ磬Żȥ˳УѰ˼ЩʲôСԻȥһ
ҹ벻ʱڷܺѧ
ǰӣ˽г׼ڻʳҲʳΪŶʱգоСܵĸͷЩ
񡣡
˽֣ͷȥǹǡ
ЩǳԵġվԭأС׷żǰߡ
Ҳǻظ𣿡
Ȼĺ
ЩûϺ͹͹ǴûѺãǶӳ谮޲ýõĶŲ
Ǵĺãȫ̽ܡ
ոпգͳϲĵģ׼ظԵģû뵽㡣ȥ̽ӣ
ǳǳһЦǵģΪҲһҵļϡ

 47 

лЩ, ˿û⣬뵱ոʱ, γǶԶ, 鲻ˡ
˵, ˳, Ҫ׷鵽࣬Ƕڹ
˲ŶУ˵Լδ÷, ֹסĿޡ
Цǽһѽ
Ϊ˸ܵǱ, ϳ, ó, ºһʣʵںͲ, ֻƭ˵ĸθ, ֮Ŭ֤, һֱ֤ݡ˵ϢԴ, ŷıԼһУŻ
ǵõʱؿ񣬲ţһ㶼š
վǷŹûٴϾᡣ
, 治˵ɱĸθŷɲ뱻һŮӣͷ׽ȥզ졣
񣿡
ͷ£ԼĻҲûκλӦһλ֡
Ȼ̧ͷһãȻ
£
ʶҡͷ񶨣ûа
û׷ʣǵĹϵûеԻ̸µĵز
һ·ͬһ𵽽ֿʱĶ
㲻Լ𣿡ﱻ˺üԵģԵôࡣ
ķָܵܳ԰ɣЩº͵ЦţʳͲϲǿϲԣȥŶ
һСһЩֽôһȴʲôûء
˵꣬ʣµĶһ̶С뿪ûٰѳԵĻ
ƤģùȻʧЦôûôɰ
صԼѴİһһ𿪣СģͨͨԵģ֮ǰ㹦Σһûء
һߺȣȳˮ
㣡
һôԵģȥá
㡣
ɽһ߹ȴȥóԵģֻˮԱߣôＱûк
ؾأ
ûϴ󣬹ֵʵ
ڷ￴飬շʣԼشòǺܺãҹҹδ˯һֱ鵽ڡɽԹԴ
ֵؾŬѧȴɽ÷ӣˮֲ˼Ρ
Ҳ츳ÿעҪͬ顣
ͻȻ˼츳ʲôأڽԴǰң޺󿿷ңŮ˵ûʲôҿסҲסʣһ˹ԮʱֵΣ
ӵĹȻͬһټС㣬΢Žһֱʱģӵףϧ֮ҲøԼ·
㣬óԡˮһһըС㣬Եͣһ̾
߹ȥԴϲͶЩǵø
ؾѧʹͣҲȥ
ͺкһǼСģԼصžеԼٶ˼
*
 
̲ˣտ˽ԼۡԳģԼɺүδŵСϱҲͣǴÿǢ
ûõĶҶӵĻ²ģӵĻ㵹ǰŵ׵
²֪Լ˷ˣͻȻͳԼ
ˣصĻ֪ģǶԼȥģֻǸ߸ô˵ҲϵӣҲĵͼôãѺùѡֻۣѡõŵĻѽ
ûĵģҶѡܹ࣬ѡһõѽÿֻ֪¡£˳֪ЩһȾ죬ͺúıĵĳ
ҲƢôû۶ıҽύôĻţΪ˸Ժ·Ѳɹ⿿㸸׵ǵʲôɣ
һֱʮã׵ȨƣȨٴ⳯͢ٵ⻹ǵ;ܴɣ;У΢ͨͨ·ߵû˳ܶࡣ
ôһ죬ʱû
һڴߣĨᡣ
ŵ̬ߣˣһϵƣû¾͸Ҷòã۶ӵĻҲһֱϵġҺة˶ʱʱŽϵǶСǶ£ŵԣ
ةࣿĸةࣿһĨᣬ˲䲻ٿˡ
ǻĸة࣬Ȼةࡣ
¶˵ة࣬ةةȨ˶٣֪ġ˼ԶǸ
¿ЦҵȻ֪ˣةຫ˼ҵˣϲܺǳڳϲҾõģָܰŮͣ
ǻ㵱˼ҹȻΪ
±ʹҲƢΪ˭źҹкҲܲ˵ģΪǰⰲܹ⣬ڷԹˡ
һ˦䣬ֱȥٲ˵ȥ
*
ĳС
ط⴦Сլӣһ䷿ĸŮסҲǿԺһѾ߻ɻҲݵ¡
լһʱȥҪԼ֮ǰ˭֪ſھͱ˸סˡ
ԭЦӭڵڼǰ̬ȣţò׵ܼңҲֻ˵ַ˵ǻᰲŸ͹ô򷢻
صլԽԽԼڽôŮˣھȻܼҲҸɫơ
£Ĳţۿ˵ͣһԺ˺˼ңǻҲôңһڷһʰ飬ȥ˹
˻ûֻЩֵǮĶ໹ţҲûʰġ
ڴͷһ߷һȣƽʱ߶˵ȣȵ߶ֻǻࡣ
ҿôôѽΪϺӣޣȴΪϲס̾ϢӲ˳㽫ȥܵ˵
߲ǲǽӣȻǰǡĸĪҪˡ
Щտʼʱ֣ѽԼⱯҵʵ
׽ס˻Σôô룬С黭ͨЩټС㶼ܺȺʤ󲿷ֹ
Σڻøƽһ㣬סСӵСլԳЦ
ǹδ򲻹Ǻӣܵ㸸ǰӣ룬ķǺأֻһӣԺǳӵģϳ֮ѡ
ϵĻڹＤһ˿ӣжٹţƾôѡҲѡģһأͲϸ񣬻ôô
ﻰ˵϶˼˭֪һ򣬳ü˵˭˵һ˺ģ

 48 

չլӾһʱ, ȫ깤
ֵּûоլһݺ֮ȫ뽫, 뿪ʱ, ֲᣬòԶ, ҪԶ, Ӳζ
һߣճܶʱ
һÿգźִ߽, ȥ˺ܶӣʱ, ʻһЩ, Ǽͬ, ڵȵҪظʱվǲزס
С, ػضЩƷ޿, һʽһб, Ϊʲôѽ
ʵЩ, ЩƶЩͷʱһûЩƵϡ
ЦЦû
ЩȻΪԼԺ·ˡ
ʱԼ֧һҵĿ, û׬ӣڽһµܹԼ˫׬ġ
ھӵһӣôԺʲô粨·
뷨ʱֻһշ룬ǵĹټСǴûͷ¶ģ뿪ӣ»Ѱŵùæ
һʱ뵽ȨȨ䣬ȥһ̵ƹģδ̫ڴСá
Ѿߺʱ򣬲ίΡ
ӺʱܿǸδ֪
·ϣʱָָ㣬˵Ļ
һʱ棬߽һֱҪըˣָȺеûǶӵƿڴⶼĻϢҼСŲ˵ʲô¥ΪʲôĸҼС֪񣬹ɫ㣬ʱֵšɢˣҸϹٸһ֮ùүǰӣ
񵽵Ǵ˼ҵѾߣڸźôʱգҲǼģ˵ͷͷǵȺһ¾͸ˡ
ʱ֧֧ĲԸϸ͹˵ֱգ˵ҪȥɨԺӣίͰ͵İĶ˵
˵껹Ϊƽ˵ǻҲ֪ĶҥԣһƵġ
ᵽԺᵽĸƾձģֻʵ΢Ťټ٣ƻľŷ
ظūүүǲ˭ŵϢôС㣬һΪСֻظ
߷߲ƽ˵ŻȴȻ
ò飬֪˭ųϢ
ڵźףոϢ黹ûأСô֪˭ųϢ
СӣȻں˵Ц
ȻСԺɣȥҸ硣
Ѻ֧һȥۡСԺסСԺλѣСԺռݸۡλãǰųȥǴӺԺߣòԶ
ʱ鷿ˣæĻʣݡ
£
ʱûЦݣƽʱȫͬ
ֵĺûᣬ⣬ʰЦݣҲǹһܹǱ˴֮ľ롣
⼸տЩҵĴԣ
һ㣬⼸ûôţʲôԣ
Ϣһһʮ˵ˣһ˭ҥ㣬ţȥ
˵ꡣ£ԺȷʵȥģҺҹĸҲȷʵִ
̹ףùЩԻˡ
ȥԺΪƵƷȷʵΪıȴǳƤࡣҵҹĸִȰ裬ܵܣΪ˱ĸĶ飬ܵףҲԸ⽫ǹ̸ͬ塣
ʵ˵ˣ˵⣬Щ£ԭû֪֮ǰѹң˵ĸȥصҵĹҵʱûϣѰ˼ĸӦòẦңֻ˽һЩڿΪУ޲ýһˡ
½ҡű֤պ󣬾ٲйЩʵԡ
лл硣
˸鷢̧ͷʱǸм
صԼСԺʹСȣСգҲˡǰʱվһգҲõɸٽվһգȺͲԼġ
ԭ˵Ը񣬸ӹˣҲὥýء
ôŵĹټСͻȻϳͨգƺܲϰ߰ɡ
ﲻƽ⣬ֿʼ˼
ҡͷĸŮ֪ʲôʱͣڵƣ鷳ʵѻʯ
С㣬ˡ
Ÿո²ãͽͨ䣬صӰѳ⡣
Щԣ˵ˣ뵽ոһ·ЩĻѻ
úȥ׼ˮԼڳԣ˵ˣҲȥˣ㲻ᡣ
⵹֮⣬Żȥ취ƽϢҥԡ
ǰйȥЩζıԹôҲң
Һãұ¡ҪæСôȥ鷳㡣˵Ȼ
йص£Ͳ鷳
ͻȻսǰ˵
Ŀԣͷһһǡʱ˲ˮݣæ޲úԶľ롣
񽫲Сϣܿȥ
鲻ȻĿ⣬⡭ɫҲˣǲǸûȥˣ
̫ûɽôͲˣڸң
߽ǰһˣƵǽǡ
ô뿴𣿡
˵ʱϢ̲ס۾ë΢
ãһֻ۾ȴֳػվǰ˵ľֻδ
ȥϱǽڡ
˭ˣȥûԣô졣
ٴսЩߣٻȥɺã
ɴ۾˽ʮ꣬û뵽ܱʮϷˣһﵽĶѧЩסԺһлĶ飿
ţֵǰƿ
أϲ𣿡
Ŀʹ
ͻ⣬óɶͷԡ
ҵйϵ𣿡
ܿ⣬ʵ
ָ½ỮȦϲ𣿡
⶯Ūϰµģ֪ʲô
ʶһ
ٴǰִ䣬ͷ
ˮӣ⹴ˡ

 49 

һѪյжٱòȥ, Լѳֲסһ˿, Ƶϡ
, ˡ
Ҳ֪˭ģ˳ں, ոǰ׽, ӲͷƤϵģҪȡЩ֮زز
, ҲǸġ
ϲô˵Ҳ곤, ôױסء
ʵ, Ҳٹ
ԸȥԸ׼˷ݵ, ˳ȥ͸Ǳ˵һͲȥǱ÷ˡ
ؼԼԷ, Ҳƴ, ȻŵȳԷ
һ, Թ˵Ƿʢ, ˿ӵʹһУҲûбһڼԼŷֻϣԵԺЩԺЩҲһ˼ҪЩ
, æĴ߶нչ
䲻֪æʲôɶ֮ΪעȨ˵ںһЩүǼ棬ʱڴѡ
ţʶ˲ˣպֻܵҪѧ˳ҿΪŸĹְ
⻰˵ʮƶҲİ٣ֻҪܵǶܹͷأԵĸ֮ҲԵһǵĿǷ
ҵܵܵ£ˡ
ʢл
ģȻ˼ЩˣҲȫΪܵܵǰֻ̣˳Ϊı·ǵ;ߵø˳һЩˡ
ʵʲôҲҲܳΪ³͢һԱ󽫣ֻľԶڶ࣬Ϊ˶ùЩòôʡ
ǰõ㲦ҲͷӬһô·Լ·۵㡣
Թûо˱Ͼδɻ飬ʱ䳤ˣδ˵ķ顣
֮ǰٴȷǷ治Ҫİ½ȥ죬ܾò̫ס
ҾһذɣӦûµġ
͵ſڣȥıӰյĳغЩͬΪǰıԶǵļƻԽʶǸꡣ
ҲһЩòһֻ֮ǰûв
ͱĸ飬׶˵ôͻȻɶ˵Ǽƻ֮Ӧ¼
ǣ͸üΪޣʹûЩڽĳһҲһ
ʱţ״Ӻζ
ʣȴû̸׺󣬷ʣ˭ûСܣԼôܡ
*
Ǻ͹ٸЩ飬治ʵԵºܿ͵õ˴̽ϢҵסСϺ͹
Ϊ꣬ǵģ˭֪һž洫˵Ƿ֮֡
һ¾סˣȷʵ֪顣ʵû뵽۰ĸѵΪ˸ͷ
תȥٿ
ѿŮĶʱȫҲʣʲô
ϵڹǰͷȻԵĸӣҲôԩǡѾͷǰЩ¶Ҳȡ
ô˵иӿ϶˵û¶ȷʵйء
ĴѾ˶ˣκιڹĲʵԣҲкӹ
߷߲ƽ仰תˣĸŮһ̶
֮ǰô£ײûжֻһֽ齫ϳĲﶼûֹߣʮʴȡ
ǹƣϱϳϾʹԹϹ񣬻Ϊǹ;߲ѡ
֮ǰôദҲ⾯ǡ˭֪ĵ¿ηΣѹͲĻϣȻˣԺŹš··ʲôҲ顣
¶߳Сʱûлͷٿһ֪ۡǣ뿪֮󣬹ϵ׷С׷˵ֻߵÿЩû׷ϡ
صլԹĵ˹һۣ˼Ҷ㵱ˣ㻹׷ȥʲôǺúôֵܹүĻģܽ˺ǲĺùް
ϵĻù˲ߵĿԼĸס
Ը˼ҵޣҲԸ͵檡
֮ǰ⽨ʱѾȷܾˣ֪һֱ˵Ҫ˵ʤ
ո׷ȥҲȰµ˵᲻ͬߵô죬û˿վġ
ɵӣСŵģԺõģõģúõģҪ˼ҵޣ㶼⣬Ѳ뱻ύЩӡЦ
ӣ߲סȰ
ԹڵɫֻҪ磬ǹټС㣬¥Ļͷƣȵù
ļҪӵ޷ǲܵģǣֻҪ˳ӵŮˣԺҲԸٻ
˴ˣϲЩ³˺ȾƾۻᡣƻˣֻҪͬ⣬취ܹӽӡ
ֻҪ¶ǣɫǰвͷĵһ췹΢ʹƲߣܹ˺Ȼãʵ벻ˣóӵڹҲС
ԺҪΪһŮģΪ⺢ӣǺҲúú
̴죬Ժٻȴ֪Ужٵķգǹڳе
һãʱܻһˮԺһ˼Ҽˣھǲܵ顣
ᣬҲ֪µס
İҲǸʡ͵ĵơȻ֪ô򣬾壬һ˰ʱԼôĶ֪
ϼ뷨ᶨôȰӦһŤͷˣ֮ǰѹڷ
ҲΪĽ룬һ˺úÿǿǡǹǱˣãھôյǾûг⵵£Ҳ޿һ𡣡
ϵ⴫һ˿ĸ˵Щֺγ֪
ôҲùڳӣֻΪһС檵ݡ
ݣ˺ЩСõ˵ʲôɱﻹǻ͵͵Ц˵õԣܵõʲôԺƷ˼޹û֮
ǰһ֣ĸȴϣС
ھ̨ǰ棬žеԼɫӣһǮ˼ҵĹӣܹͬʳǣοҪΪԼȥء
*
ػص֮󣬾ͽӵةฮ˵ӣһۡȥһͨ磬ôʱȥˣѾѸòĶˡȥ޷Ҫһ
ϸĹӦ¥ĳӣ뵽رϲСģһȥֳܱ߶ǹٳ֮ˣͬ˼٣һǰܻ飬ĥʱ䡣
ʳǰӦûԸһͬǰţдһֽȥ
ةฮպУԼǰ
Ѱ˼ةฮĲǸͬģֻǼ򵥴һ£ųصȥةฮ
ڣ濴ۣװ磬ᱻ˱ȥġ
õĺܿ϶
ֻһĶ׹ʽҲΪ򵥣һɫС黨ȹĵףʳڡ
ǰƹԼһ磬Ҹоͦõģڱôһ˵Щ
Ҫһȥٻһ
̽ԵʵȻҡͷ񶨡
Һ˵Цأ͵ˣǰôôҵĻ
һô˵Ҳϯ磬ҪǶӵӣǾͲˡ
ةฮ̧ͷһŷִةฮǱةฮ֮ǰȥةฮǰĸۡȣҪЩ
ةຫ˵ĸۡҺЩԨԴ
û˵̫ףϾʱڣṫȻ游ϡԺΣڻûжۡ
Щ¶Խ֪Խá
תȥ
һͬڡո߽ȥѾ߹·
ةฮĺԺͬۡƣ˸кԺۡΪʵĵط
˹һͤСװɫĶʯܱϹ΢ĵƹԼ¹ҫ£صĶʯɢŵ⡣
ÿǺÿѾЩرǹҵ廨Ь棬ĸоʯڽֲʸС
ؼ̫˳սߵôˣ𣿡
εЦЦá
òζʯСǰȫʯש̳ƽ̹˿Ҳ֪ةôģȻ˵ʱĦŲ˵кôʵڲô
˵ѥӵԺһЩоͬɡ
ǺߵĿյϣССʣмһϷ̨ӡ
׼ǿϷ
ҿûָʲôϷԱںţϷ̨Ӹü޵ˣϴ·ͨﲻһ¶ļỬ˿Ƕĳסջ
ͷƳһۣдżֺɡ
ȻŮˣˣ

 50 

֮ǰ֪Щ, ţֻԩ
, , λǣ
Ѯĺةк˵Ŀⶼ, 뿴ʲôú
һ, Ǹ꣬Ҳûʲôر𣬸ϳǺ, ˣةͳүˮ, ǳ͢¹Ա֪, ôųүӷ顣
, δ޹ǹŮ򺫴˽ܡ
ة, ǰصĽ, ⺫ةйԱƷߵ, λȨ֮, ϶Ҫ֡
ںةǰضԵ̬ǫͣƽʱԼȫȻͬ
ة˵δޣ࿴ۡ
ԭǹ˽Ů
׹, ةԴǵǰ
˲ˣ֮ǰЩһһϷ̨
̨һ˵Ŀⶼ̨ϵһЩŮҲͶȥĿ⡣
ĴţŲԭŮӣδȻǺġ
Դһƫתꡣ
ȴȫûб̨ϵŮ
һٿ̨ϵǣҲٴɫĿ⡣
̨ϵıûпʼ̨µһΣڵʲôҪ
֪ڵ˭ֻгأҲʶ
ҡҡͷҪ˵һϼݵ
ǹþȣҲվǱߡ
ةһӭȥһ͵ӭȫ˵ЦߵϷ̨ϡ
ʱȫ˶վй
˰벽Ź¡ǰţ뺫ةͻʵ
ԽΪ˺ͺة˽㲻ڳǰ࣬ةཫ˳Ϊ˽ܡ
رةһŪɶͷԣǹҽܣԽĿȰĿǰСɲŮòǼΪġ
ȵ̫ӳͣʱʮ࣬Ҳʱˡ
ֺǺǵĿة࣬໥˼ʮ꣬һˣ̫ȴףһԱȣѿɱи
ةڻʵۺͳм䣬һԵһ֣Ƽȣ̨һ̨ϵ漴ʼ赸
˵Ϊ֮裬δʹǸŮЩģҲ̲ססĿ⡣
ة಻ʱͻʵϼ䣬ýҲһЩԭ游ͻʵ۹ϵܺãõ˽ԻЦ٩֮ǰֻ֪λȨأȴ֪Щ
ѹֳ²ҵﺫة࣬ҲҪĸ׵Ϣºة鷳ڻʵǰʧӣ
ة磬Ϊ£δ˵ڻʵͬλϣԭ񲻺ϣة಻ܲǡ֮ʲôصģ
һʵۣƫƫõ̲ţֻʣһвʮӣûѡ񣬸û类Ϊ̫ӵ£ϧļУ׵Ļûþͱ˺ʵ۲òѡһ̵Լ£̳лλ
뽫ԼĶӹ̸ʵۣԼ˻ʵۣöϻʵۣǽĪĺôΪ棬ʹֶΣͷĶ˹̵Ļᡣ
ձΪ̫ʱӻڿҿңûʲô
ɵһλĵ׵ܵǣǰķŮϳ·˴ɱץţŵĺһѡ
һĻĻոոշһԺ֡
̨ϵıһֻһȶ˵ˣ˻÷ˣǰʳ࣬ÿԳһ㣬ζϧ棬Ա߻ޱȵĻʵ۱£öŹټС̬ܸضˡ
һԳһڲ˶ûгԣǰŵĹҲһδն˼ʲôէһȴڷ
Ĵ˴ĺ󱳣ݲÿ𣿡
˿ɶýζʱʱ˽ͷӶ˵üɫ衣
ѣ̨бƵģ̧Ǳ߿һۣܿջĿ⡣
ûÿ
䲻һޣҪ˵Ļ
ʵǱ߿һۣĵû⵽ո˵Ļ
˵бΪֵɵӵܡ
͵͵һѣ
ڵȵݽҲԵò࣬Ϊ˭֪ͷϷŸոտʼ
ةһϷ̨ŵһͬЦе˵
ܹݰٺᣬرǻǰҸͣʵԡˣҲùʳҲǶʣΪʲô
˵ʱٲ죬ڳ˶ס
ʮǰСŮͻȻʧ٣ȥδͺĳʶѴŶ֪ġôһֱôȰԼһҵǵĶֻ뾩̫ԶǼãҲͬŲԸؾϸס
ͻȻἰԼĸһӾ֮ǰةŵֻҪ֤˵ĶʵὫĸ׵ʬǨغأڣ뺫ס
һǲôģֻ뵽£ةλȨأС»Ѳ
֮ǰȷܾ飬һúةΪԱΪҪʲôôڳһӣ游ѹЧͼӰֻҪҪ̫ݣ¶Ҿܾ
ҾοԼСŮлة˵ʪۿǰЩӣҵСҵң˵˵࣬ҿСŮʧٵڶ뿪ʬڻҰ
ةཫ龭ϸ˵ڳȫȻԼӣҪʱ֣ŮͳүлԼģʹ̥ᣬδӣΥףýϵȫͬġ
˵ףǳүʱڻһЩ
˵ʲôǳүĶӣһֱ֪ģة˵СŮͳĸһޣѵ˵ؾոᵽС
Ҫĳ˵һУͻȻ򣺺ةڻϵļ֤ºͳװ

 51 

ܲµЩ, ס
ةʾ⣬ϧةѹûпһ, ڳô, ʼ¶Գصĺġ
ƫ, ߵ, СףֺοԸ衣
ȥҽˣڿʼ˵Ŀġ
, ڻϺôλͬźѵļ֤£ҪҵСҺ, պԸԸ, Һ϶ˡ
̨һƬȻ, ةϷ̨ߵǰ, ϸһ, һʲôӡ
˵, ӦڹǺڵ, Һף·;ңԶͲô鷳ˣ˰״лϿţǱǸպõļ֤
Żʵ۵, ةཫصֱдףЩֵдͬһţôຫֵܣصԵüأͻ
һֱԿŵԽվѵļ򣬡ϺСŲ˵Сһ򣬲Ȼ̫ӹ޸һ̫̫
ةûһ⣬һشӦһóعߵл
ȻĽ˽ܣûеڶѡ
ѻȸһת۸ȵˣոջǺӣһ¾˺ףҾӪ꣬Ϊ߲ɲȺ
ˣͱΪ̵̫̫̫ѧǶٶĹְպ̫ٵǵλΪ̫ӵʦضµ۵أǰ޿
ʵһ󣬺ܿݻع˹ͻʵ۳ԱҲиǡ
ʣһЩͺةϵ׽ĴһةΧ
ˣ֮ǰδôһһȻһ˲ţüۼϡĸ׵Ӱӡ
ǣϺҲ̫ˣֻ磬ȴʲô˵Щ˵ˣҲôݺһѽµʧˣûУҲûС
˵һĿӣһ佫ĳصļ򣬡ϧѾȻҺϺĹϵСŮ㣬ϼѽ
΢ЦܿˣһվĪҪ˵Цˡ
˼һδ޾վأҲûٿЦة౻һӵм䣬ǳ˼ҲӦ
˺ˣȥȲ裬ġ
˰Ƕȥǰߵǰ̫ͻȻˣ
ȷʵͻȻҴֲ
ûκĴ
ةֱӽ뺫ףǶĿأһû취ٰȻסںһΪ̫̫ԺҪʹʹԶһЩҲ̫㡣
֪㲻ԸҵҪ֪ܹͣһ֮ԶʤƴƴĹܶοҵĸǷһйĺ͵Բ˼ҵԸ
Ӹ㣬˵¾ܿةԸİţ˵ʱŵ̬ߵĹŶо̹࣬
˽õİţһϧ
ÿɷĴ
ةĵͷɼǵҪ̵̫ӵ£ĪҪлʧУôҺˡ
ǣ游
һϹةະ
Һףֱʡ˰ɣһ游
ةƺ⡣
ڸһլӣҲԸᵽةฮҼһסҰѵַ㣬ʰʰȥסɡ
Ҫóѿ֮¡Ժϻسǲף뵽һ꣬ǺӾͻ᲻ʱ»ϸϻسأʱ򡭡
Գ˵ҲûʲôõģʱԺúǲĸףٿҪҪ
ةҪæȥкôѣȴŹǣةฮص˿
һԺļƻҪ²ԭûҪӽʵۣƣ黢ʹôҲɱֻ֮ʱ⡣
ةʮһմڻʵߣǣģ֮١
̫ӵǸٻ˼̫꣬ӵߣЩӣв
ֻǺةཫ鶼ź˲֪һģƫͽٷա
ҳҰɡ
أСͷƵģ̿ôĺ䵽ͷϣĽѣΨüͷƲѡ
á
ûоܾةլĵַҲŹȥţԺةе·լǶѸ롣
ɴཫֵּҲӵǶһסҲ̵ǹ򣬶ҹȥʱҲ˳㿴
լΣԼδûк뷨׼հȥپ
ͻؽԼʱ䣬رȻ˺
ҹةףΪ̫̫ϢŻᴫǡ
֪Ϣ֮󣬲֪ο£ӦáȽϿİɣô˵뿪ǷĹϵ⽫źܴ
ڶһ磬׼Ȩһȴ¡
ҹةฮ֮£ͺةûʲô˽ʶûϯһ˵ǳǺةһס
Ǻӣôһֱة˵δ̫˷룬δŮݺϢϢأҪʸ
ҹ֮´һ飬ùһһģرֱΪ̫̫ʱǾʧ
ʲôʮߣ˴Σ
ֻǽ̵̫ӵգһù򣬲ûкةƼͶˡ
ƽǳʱɫ䣬ǳԺةˣ
ͷô˵Ͱȥة˸ԤլףҪȥһˣȲˣʲôµһٺúϸ˵
ͳԼʱ䣬ڸȺҴ߳عȻڣ߽ʱڳɫƣǴϾͿʼæ
ȨһӺʰİʱҲûٶ
զ㶫
ԴӻؽҲûôŶͶˡ
ҪǰңһᡣʱһʱһͺδںƵġ
ؿԼСҲûʲôֵĶҲʲôֻЩĶլüɡ
һкǰةΪ׼լ
˵طһôһլӣϷҶţȳ֡
δţܸоլɣլ빬ŲԶ·ȥһӵʱԵǺܽ
ǳУǸǿݡ
ߵǰСƾŻϳүã
ţڹܼѹʱ

 52 

լģȻһԱĸۡ, ǺͽةฮȽϣԶԶ, լֻΪظ˵ס, סլӴСǺܸ㡣
׸ܵǰŵլӿҪɶ, һ߽ȥ, ⿴˿լĲãĽصĻ
ԭΪǸҪС˭֪һ˾, ĺһ, ة, ӵеԼĸۡ, ةĹܼҺ˶ȫȫһ
ܼҴĴιһլ, ƾԼѡס
˵ÿլӶԺСԺ, ÿ뷨ͬ, С, زһүô¾ɣסԺƫϲСԺҲ˵
ḻĴܼˣһȦѡ˿һԺӣԺջ, ȫʢˣͬСȥʱ޵ĸ̾һ䣬Ưѽ
ܼҲ룬ĪΪС˾䡮Ưүѡ
ȻȥʵģһþæָѶŽҲûʲôܰæʰģСӵĶ̫٣ٵѹò˰æ
үճƷүЩµģϲãʲôҪõģүԸһСͰȥ졣ܼҵͷֺõ
ֻ̧˻ӣôܼȥæԼѡȤĴתƣһ˿͵㺡
ϲ
ʣκĿȴһֱӰ
Ϊ㿪ġЦţסϲϲʲôϵ
Ѱ˼ŰܵǽӹסΣ
ȲԺ棬Լ뷨˳ۡСС߰˸Ժӣֵּ˲ΪѣҲģǵճҲϣܺùȨȥƻʳ
һ飬˼Ҳ;ܾ飬ʱ㸮棬ػصҲǵʱ䡣
˵ǹסĻ˵
һʱȻǹס
ﱻʲôƵģ䲻һ¡
׶ԸܵһסţǷ׷ǹʣȴἰ£ôܲ
ѧøԶػʱϳδ鷳
ػΪ˵ʲôһ뵽ѧã⸽мѧԺյĶЩõѧ
˵½ѧã
м־ȣ½ѧţĶǴٹ֮ӣҲһӵܾܽѧãб׼ƷҲҪܽѧãѱһҪʤࡣ
ԣ½ѧá
˵ǽοǻǰ;תȥܳ𣿡
չ¶ЦգֻҪӦһܳɡ
ûԥͷӦ
ܵǲ̰ͼ֮Щǻ𵽼ãôǰͳһסܹ½ѧãǽܸõĽٶؾɽ˵һ£ˮѧãղ̵ҲĶȥ
Ǿô˵ˣѧǱ߰׵ǰ
ֻһýȥ˵Լиǡ
һνֻҪȥͻϡ̫棬òʲôʵʵĽѧɵʱҲǲõģųЩԼ뿪
Ҳûס£ȥ
ȨڳͷڳûйأͷȤӵլԺС޹ȥҲסģճѡԺʱϲѡأ𿴳ᣬ֪ͦ˵ġ
ȨһޣйԵò˼ոСԺʱȷʵǱ޵ˣ̲סһ䡣
ΪѡǶΪ
Ȩ˵ЩʲôԼ˼û˵ȥ
˻صУײϸոջظĹǡ
硣òк
񽫾һɺڣ˵һ㣬ǳص䵱ĵƣǲôϵĿ
һ̫ףʱоô㲻ʵ
֮£㲻صǣҶѾá
ɼæ
һ㣬֮ѹûϣͻȻһἰûӦ
л
òлȴûǰǰ׽棬ΪڹûгͷĸŮ
ҺǱϾദ꣬ҷŹǣ´Σһץȥ١״Ƶģ֮䡣
ȴݸһЦ⣬Ҳûж룬Ҳҽ͡
ȫòӦ˵ʲôãɹܸоԼ⣬߲硣
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ʲô֮·ҲǹǳԸΪͿеĹﱻУȥңҲõģ˲׼зˣȴδԸģֻܱĸŽӿ͡
Ϊӿ͵ġεȡһòҲǼΪڣʶҹҹ𱬣û䳡ʱ
ӳϲѰĹ߹ףסãҪöһͷƹģûʱ;еֱȢؼҲܹһ׷
ԼӵݣŹŴĶˮƽĹǶԸԼһиϣ֮ûԣضڣ»ؿܾͻһͣͷܹˮ֮ĹֻЩͨ
ʱ˿Щգ衢衢ȾƣУ£Щܹӿ͵Ĺ»ҹҹϸ裬ӹúò
ҹһӵ壬Ⱦơʱⲻ֮ǰյӡ
Ҳ֪ʲô·ȡúֵƵģһӣʱҪôų֪˻ΪҶˡ
žƱһ˱Թ
˵꣬æ͵Լǣһӣʲô˵հ˺ֿ֪Ϊιʣ
΢΢۾Ҹϳȥ¡
ʱһŽĴԣô˵Ǻةҹף˸ۡȥסģһ˵Ϊ̫̫òѽ
ʲôϢ
ͬкةݣαӣֱȥةôˣ
Щ˶֪飬үͺة̫ԸǺʱû˸֪
Ƶĺ˿ھƣһ˵ֵܣһĸģүʼĸףʹ⣬ô궼δӡ
ͼָŶ˵ʲô˭ֵܣ
֣ǷۣȥʺүͶˣʲô
Ȼǲ³͵ģģɿš
ǡʱһ£ʢװ

 53 

ԭʹ뿪, غȥʸס
˹󣬱Ųӡ
, ͣ½Ų, һµСȣסԼ, ӡ
óֱ, סԼߡ
λм, 壬ͷһؼ㡣
Ӻü, ǵȷйһ֮Ե, ҲաصŹ, ϵľƺһҾһ
ֻһ, ֪Լ, ԼòΪ, Դս˵ʱ, Ҳ±ܾ֮
ƹѲелؼңе§Źȥ᷿ͺȵκ§Źϸ֫Ҳȥ᷿пһ, ϱܡ
Ⱦƣʱ㣬ˡ޷ӡ
ǣ³һˣȻζʱʧ£ӵĲ»˺
סСԺڣһ죬ͷ׸ķһɫеԺѽԼδ֧
ȥŮ˵ĻϰߣͣȷʵǸ䣬ȥʵ̫ðգǡ
ԹĿϣĸƣԸԼĹ
ӶȤûóѣңȾ죬ദ
ڰϵװζж£ƣĺ˿
һȥֳôĿҡ㣬Ρ
ɵӣҺòײ˽ͽȥרֻźӣ㻹ץᣬӲǰ׻𣿡һĻѣǽһۡ
ųߵ㣬ҪǾ͵ýӵץεĲУίѱڶվͱ֮һˣǳĻģ˵Ů·մվͻǼĸѵҪǱ·Цɣ
ðű˷֣˳Цķ¶棬ɲҪһʱķ⣬ȻȥˣҪ취
ûޣͬ¹ѾòٲҲǶģùԼ취ǡ
*

ŵҩһ̣ĵʹֱҲ޷
Ϻ͹µֶУļûмһֻ֣ػһûʲôҪ뷨ܿ壬ûǵȦףǱϳ˵ƺõĽ
ĵǳصĽѾ֪һȫͬ˼ԼҲñǰһ˳ﲻɵõģǷΪԼˣʹóصĻ֮Ҳı䡣
ˣøãǻʧȥһҫȨδ֪Ŀ־壬ʱʱлصǽˣָΡ
С㣬ܼСμӾۻū΢ʮңöѽ
ĵݵֱߣһŴ򿪿ˣʲô˼ҵǧ磬ʲôҵǧ𶩻磬һȥǺһЩԱҵǧйء
ôһͻȻôǰҲ롣
ü
һСǣͻȻʲôЩ硢ҲͰˣЩ֪ʲôͷͻ硢硢;翴Īͷԡ
С㣬֪ǰڸʱ;еЩټСǽʣƵӲЩСǲʶȻûиӡڹǽˣǳӵδޣڳ̫̫ǻʵǰĺˣЩСǻͽ£һõЩй̫ӵµϢ빬أ
֪㾫˵õ
սʱ¶֪ĳɳѸ١
ô˵ڻˣ
˵⻰ʱԼÿЦ
סĵͷǣǣСѽǵĽݾǿɵأСЩ棬׼Ҫȥģū澺øѣү֮ǰɺūģСһһжɲܺᣬװһ٣ȱʲôֻܺ͹ܼ˵
ʶڶǶ׹ӣϲ磬װ֮ﹻüɣȥ鷳
ЩѽָָһļҶȥ˸ͻȥɣ˵岻ʣ޷μӡͽнģùܼұһݱҲʧӡ
ȵĿС㣬һҶȥѽ
ݹ۾ôټС㣬ĸû¾ȥȥǶԼĽȦӣҲΪ˸ĹټҷܹԼĹ֮һ㣬ֻҪܱУԼԺҵѡܾͶһ
Сİѻ¶ͳõüΪǢⲢӰȥʶЩţԺ˳ˣӦЩʣ
ȥһҶȥǾļҸȥģԻ˵
ϻةȥû˼ӦǱǱȥġЩģһǼλңҪҺõģӾͲ͸ֱ͸ס
ᶨҲûȰóȥʱһˮ
үģſˡ
ֻһۣˮƤп飬һ̣ˣǷ˲˼
ֻ˼飬ʣµĶ
ԼطСʣµḶ́Եǽһ̣ӹȻһ¥һͬСǿû
óԺúȣۣӿݣӲ
СһĳʵҪСãͷε֡
ǰԺӹֱظصԼ䣬źѾ߱ȥԺյķֻһˡ
ϻʱÿÿصУΪСĺȶȺ˵ĲˮڣҪȲ軹÷ԸѾȥ׼ݵĲ費Լ⣬ֻ׼ĵĲԼθڵʱз
ڳϲʹˣؼҲûܹԹ䣬רȥԺ˵£ԵԼСϰοЩ˼ƽϡ

˸ŮˣȻ಻ʡ
̾˿ߵ߿Ժֲ
⣬һѡҪѡ
ӽѳ඼ɣƵһ㣬ϵֻļǱ
ٻͬļǮȥƷʵѣ᲻ãԶĿǰӵеЩϧ
ڽͷ˭Ľѽ
³β
ѣ˿û˯⣬լӣ߳ӣǽֵȥˡ
ȴû뵽һеδŮ͡
˯ѣûϳԣͽҹϢסĸȷϣû뵽Ҳ֪رΪ̫̫һ£»³ۣ֪֮£ոջظͱôһʣһʱҲ˵Եɡ
ͲҹϢְһѱ֤ʵҲġɷ߶븮һܵй䣬ɢ顣
мĲɣ˶Ǯ˿֪˿ҪʱͻȻһȣС͵

 54 

ôһߺ, СȻ͵һ̾ˡ
װ׷ȥ׷˼, ֵ, ߶šЩѧõӣľ͵, Ҳץٸȥ
ߵǰ, еѯʣλӣǮû͵߰ɣҸոҪǮ, ˡ
װģظδӡ
ԼǮ, ӻúõ, ֻǮϱһСڡ
û, л
óһӣݵǴ￪ڽסС͵, ǮҪˡҵССл, ¡
æǶƻ, ա
ﻹ, ҾͺôһɤӣùƷѣǮˣòСҼҾڸŮ㲹, ŮѽŮˡ
˵գͬͬ⣬קǮӾԼߣ͵һôĴû˰취ֻøȥˡ
߽ССլȫ̶ͿģȥȻųﺰ
ͷϵĺæ˳һʱɵۡ
ĸôѳӸеˣڷﻹŽ壬κͳ飬Ų
ȴڼͻȻ֪ͣĨ˰ԼǵĨЩۣûô硣
תҪط䣬ȴסʲôѽλӵǮ˸ˣɡ
˵žͽǮһתȥ˵Ǹݲ衣
͵һѾϳǸɽһСұĴ磬ķȫͬűһζ
λ죬ǿǼƤЦĴȥ˵
һӶ㿪ӣȻǼġҹźӺȹƣôǰҸˣ
ղȻĺˣûôɫƽʱӴҲǹ磬ﾭ
ƫƫʱ뿪˵ȥݲ裬ôҲû
ĸһϽ־ϳӣɲɵĺ˽Ӵίòǹճʱ˵ദ
ԽԽʵˣԴĸǹУ˼ҵӡѾӦȥջӣĸƫòסӣϸæ
䲻ĸ׵ȴ£Ǯ첹򵥣Եһȥȥ
صԼ䣬ҳߣ˿ɫ鲼ϸ첹
˵ĺúȺǰŸһݣͺž͸
һۣͷ˵Ļơ
֪ܼܲ㣿
ѯʣΣǶĵġ
üʱȻģӺαż
лָƫƫ˵ףóģʲôӹƵġ
ܿ콫Ǯã
Ѿˣͳӳȥɡ
ߵſڣĿᶨĿ͡
軹ûһءɫЩﲻȥ
¶ˣǲˡҪȲûУƫƫ
µǹͲ߳䣬ֱ߳Ժӡ
һæӭȥôͲˣһ˵һĹʹɫ
ˣл⻹¾ˡ
֮ⲻھƣҲҹǱ׸ȥģʵԼĲԸ⡣
ҹһ㶼ûεͦá
ĪĲһ˿ͬ
һߣϾͶ
ҵĴС㣬ѵõĺڽôˣѵõĻѽ
Ŀһۡĸ׸ոչȻǹ߿ġյĸϣǵڷܷʲô£
ϴ֣Ҳ˼˵ǿԶģ˽˽⣬԰ɣ
ĸײضˣһȥ壬ӦҲκദзִ硣
˵ͷҲص߽䣬˳Ÿϡ
վ̾ŮѽҲǳӲˣ˵Ķˡ
*
ؽ˻ʹһμǶ̫ӵ¡
лϵةĸ̫̫ڹҲûۣڱǻǰĺˣͽ
Ψ̫ӵ³⣬̫ףŸոʮ꣬ڻʹ棬δĴ˵
û˸ΥĻ˻Ϻͻʺûܽס
ؼѱ̫ʱǱġ
һ뵽꣬ͻز徣ôҲټƽϡ
̫ӵ£΢Ժ̵µգʲôѧģǰ΢˵ʱ̡̳
Ծ˵ºͣűԼ̫ӵ˵ͳү˵Ҫúܶࡣ
軵˵̫ӵ°һֱñǿ׶˵ôᣬ̱㶼Щʲô˵
ǿ治һʮ꺢˵ĻǿǶ̫ӣӵĵ̣򹷻ÿˣĬĬˡ
ѧʲô΢ͻʲô
˵ǿȴҲû˳̫ӡ
һһأ̫ҲȤĵ˲ǱԼ˼꣬ĺڣҿǲ񸸻˵ǰճǿ
С̫˼㣬ͨͨѧԭΪػ¶ɫ˭֪ɫ糣һҲΪѣֱӴӦ
֪տʼÿѧһ
С̫ﻢ£˼ֱ׼׼
ӹҲæˡ˹ǿ־еģǵЩ׼
صԼլľͷһѵͽսʹá׻δ浶ǹĺд裬˵̫ӵ£ľͷ̶ɵĵйǡ
æЩܼѰ˽͵
ȳԹֿʼ׼ֵܵϣ׼͵½ѧȥ
е鶼æ꣬ҹ´ϵûʲôڵġǰĴƮͲϴĶܰ˯
һǷĸסᣬϧһһ¶ôĻ쵰
Ψҵǹһܹõ˵۰ĻȡģǶһи
ʱسѾ֪뿪ԭòаɡȥĶ̣ةôҲ޷С
׿е뷨ۺܿ˯ȥ
ڶһ磬˹ﶫʱ̫ӵ»ڳ˯
ûеȵ̫˯Ȼѣֱ޹Ӵֱϵ⡣
ԱһڹŮ̫ŵòᣬһӵ̫ӵˤ˻ˡ
С̫˯ʣǰĳأСƢʱˡ
󵨣˶Ա
ָųشʣͯԵΪͻأڳ˶ŵùڵϣû˸ϡ
ذѽǰһӡΪ̫̫ҪΪ˽̵¹Щ̫ӵ˵ҪѧģһҪѧ⼸ȻҪЩʼϵռ˵Ϣʱ䣬⡣                        
лҪ˵ƪܻȿⱾģСɰϲϲ̫ƪʱƵ棬ԺдŶ
ռ֮Сİ
βǽũҶŮδǲСľָռǸҪʲôӺ
Сľļƣ̵ĵСѸ
˭ϳ׺Сľɫǿլβ̡
һʱ䣬ϴ׳ɴеСⲻ֪СľŴܡ

 55 

̫ӹǳ, һӣճ, ֱ˹
С, ƽʱֻǱ̵д֣δ, Ҳδѧ, սƵǶԵģɲ֪غһʱ, һԵĹŮ̫ȫ˵ǽǱߣ±ͷϵĵ¸Ūˡ
ūŵŪ, ӿ׷, ӲСŪū, һǸҲеģǸЩ
ͷūŸ˾, Ҫ, Լְλַӽб˸, һֲܹ˵ģһ˶ԶԶ, Ψֱ֮
ҪȴӽѧˣֳľݲȵӦԡ
˼д蹦ǼвУѹûʽȫƾһںһģҪԸ¾ͽѹס, ĹƣýڽڰˣģòǱ
ջȰġ
㶼δ̱ͶԱʹɱ֣ű򸸻ʽ
ˣС̫ӵƻڵġ
ؿЦҡͷľǰ˻Σ⻻ľ͵д裬ŵ£²÷ʡʡԼǷҪúء
һᣬһǿӲˣʱҲͰˣ˵Ҳ˿á
һȥ
ϼȻѧ֮½ңұصڣϡѵϵĽ
ӹſʼǰһͨĽ
һؾǺѧõģͣǲЩǰһļûбĨȥܹͬӱ游ôҪΪı·ҲδԸ
һʼںŽԹۣ轣ģˣʿ֮磬мΣԼҪҲˮһ׽ʹǻȭȣҲΪе˰ɡ
һͬУʦҲûôִ
һûвҴţϤĽ̵ֱˣ޹ЪϢ
̫պʱ
С糺죬һ˶ѳƽհµȴ泩ĸо֮ѧϰȤ
յбİţûʱϰ䣬Щɺã
˼òҲûǺԼ´ѧʱ䣬첽
Ҳûţתȥ½ѧá
ѧķӿȥϣȻˮɻ
ˣѧòͬһѧãشҲ֪ģˮƽǲߣǿѧãҲױ̭ȥ⡭
ӲΪѣĸˮƽӴٰȥѧá
ô˵ǷɫźһЩ˿Ǻة׵ﲻãѧõĹҲܵڣŽΪѣȻôֱˬ˵ˣҲûס
Ҿͺֱ˵ˡˮ̫СѧõĶ࣬д£ȷʵǲЩؾɽֵѧ׼ǹģֻҪѧܱ֮ˮƽŬѧӵĽȣӦûʲô⡣
˼ˮ½ѧãȻǾͷӰһ£վʹ˹
ҪȣΪ¶ˣֱȷѧʱ䡣
ѧóѾ͸ˣƣصլ̧ͷʱŷֻȱҶ
ţԸܼȥҶЩдɡ
ڶһ磬Լ·ʱȽӸϳһȥֵּסСլӡ
ȨҪţôãҲҰ߻Ұȫ
뵽ոȨί࣬Ϊ˵䡣
ҲʱȻǺõģҽûʲô£ߣʲôؼĴ
СլԺ⣬ûȳȥסļһԼȽԺӡ
ʱ磬ֵּŸ𴲣ؾ緹ɽˮֵϴˮСŴżϴɾķһԺš
һˮѷ̨һӣҲܸɲɾֱŹɱȥ
㣡
˸ţվȡ
ôˣôճŰ㣬Сı˼ЦŶСܵԴһߣСܾͰ˼֧ţҾͲɢŵʵо㣬ϱȱʧĶⱲӸһˡ
Էûô࣬һԡ
˵꣬ſոսԺӵĳأ㲻ٱˣһվñֱ磡
΢΢ͷһݣˮӰȥǵǵë֣òڡ
񵽳˴кŽݡ
ˮճų˵磬üûˣϴҵĹҶˣǲٽЩµģ
ɼǶԹĸȤ԰һЩҪ죬ȲԹʰʰһظס
ƮƮһ仰ݷ
ˮȻûģ˵һլӣһ˵ݣǸȥסѧǸء
ؾûСôֹۣһ뵽Ҫסжʱּµĸо
ָо뿪ؿʼˣòסֻһطס֪ס϶á
磬ܲܲ᣿
ؾ⻰ǶԳ˵ģ۾ȴί㡣
ֵǻ࣬һʱҲԲϣԾͺǽЩ
ǵ½ѧãǶ˵˰ɣϵѧҪֻ࣬ҪܽѧãԺٵĻܶࡣ
ؾһͷ˵һϲѧãֵüȨƣʵϡ
ͨһ㣬Ǹ߹ٹǺеٮٮ߲ܽģżܰ˵⡣
Ǵͨ·ǿ½ѧãǱլǰᵽϣԺȥѧ÷㡣ؾɽ͵
ˮһ˷ܵĲ廰½ѧãܺ𣿱ڵĺ𣿡
˰Դûʲô£̫С˼ѧò㡣
վͲգѾʶܶˡ
ˮһŤͷŹ
ԭл硣ǽվͰ᣿
ƽֵܳԵü򵥣߲һö࣬ҲͲÿջʱȥУˡǰҲû׼
ؾ뵽ﻹûġ
մǵѧӼ棬ţ˳ǵĶһҸϣѲǻعͷ᣿
ؾܿ챻˵ⷹҲ˲ϳԣȻطʰȥˡɽʰҲŻطΨˮɣ֮ǰʱҲǸͰʰģֻæᶫ
ֵطæ˿ˣߵ࣬ù輸£
ؽվĶǰڼʱ㾭𣿡
ͻȻŵ˹õˮϴٵݻ
ôôױţӸèһ
һ죬漴Ÿèһ·û㻹ˡ
˵ЩǺϵ糣û

 56 

ȻæҪ, 緹ҲԼڰˡֵּܰңʰɲصô, ǵס, ˳ԶģЩҲ˲ٶ, ڽһ, Ȼ᲻ãʰʰȥģʮʮ
ؿЩӺʹ, ̲סüǰ, ưҲûзŹ
ЩҸ϶, Ͳش˰ɡ
ˮܳȥԺ, ɨ㶼ʰڳֹ
ȥ, լӶǰˡȻլһ˿ܲ, Ǳ߸õĶ, ȱʲôܼҲȥ, õǴôࡣ
ؾŶ˵ã磬⣬ЩùҲö㸮Ͻסһʱ䣬Ѿ鷳, ܲƷѣõϵĶۻǴϰɡ
Ĺûк˵ףʵĵԺҪٴӳ縮ǻЩ
СҲ˵ģӺùˣֵҲһǰ˷ѡ
˭Ҳû˵˭һһڳؼģܶ࣬ܰѶװ¡ͷλãʣһءһȥתȥǣˮͷҲ¶һˡ
ڳͷԵֵһ֡
߸ʣһ࣬ɿǿֵ
˴һƺƵլǱ߸ȥ
ߵĶǾֵ·ƽȻӵ·̲Ҳûʲô
ؽֵȥѧ¶˸ȵֵλ֮ǰʱȥ
ûлؽһԷ
ͬһԷֻⱲ
ҪԺǶһԷжá
⻰䣬ˮһЦߣôȲ޸硣
ԭƽĳŷСôһ˵̽Ŀɨ˲͸˵ա
ҡҲ˼æؽ͡
㲻޸𣿡ɽüʵҪǰ㲻룬ΪԺΣǲǾͲסڳ縮ϣ
һʱᣬҪλش
ؾһʡĵĵܵܡǱ𶺰ˣͳ˵ųɻ飬ʲô벻ģǲ밢ôܴӦͳ綩飿ҲԴ룬֪Ϲ塣
ôһѵ⣬Сӻ룬ٲ˵
úõܰ棬ôһͣЩЦá
ҲԼųŵĵܵܣܸǽ治ɡ
󣬵ܵǸ˯ΨڳظڵĿͷȥ˯ž
û˯ϰߣֻǲôؽ˻
߳ոͽ˯
ܵǱһԺﵥסţСԺֻͳء
֪ΪõܹܵЩŶԺסţԷֿҲ⡣
֮ǰܵǲԸһڽסɲǲİĵطİദڳǿڵõѧá
ԳΪмʹЩ£ǱҪæԼҲܹףΪܶ¶ü
ƿķţ˽ȥ
ڴϣƽӦ˯ˡ
߽˯ӣеǸӣȴϲӡ
ϲʻ㣬һγԺеʱһסˡ
ϲ
ϱӸů
ʵֲ̫гߣܾܺùЩ
ڴ͵͵СʱԽԽΪ˴ԽǰĬģڻ֪ء
ܱãչ˺Լ֮Ҳܰġ
ȻЩڴԺһӣֹŵǵСůء
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ҹҹ壬ǰջȴΨ˹
ŪףΪʲôһμͻм죬֮ǰǼڳصĶϡ
ֻʱûô濴ûʲôӡ֪˹ݣһʼúܾȣĶСôᵽ¥֮˼ҺȾأ෽֮£֪ԭϺ͹֪ΪʲôԵʣ˽ϳ˽֮ûǣȻһʱ¡
Ȼϳ˽СҲѣ塣
뵽ʱ϶ǰڣ֪ŲԸԼӴǿġ
ͬţͶԹͬ顣ҹҹ㣬ȴʮ
ùˡ
ӽ㣬ԼȴȣǺεžƱ͵ߣǿιǾơ
ͽ£ĿȶˣҰѳֲס
Цģ
رʮˡˣ֮Ǳסʹսߣ૵
ദϰ컬࣬ǽճ˵ر棬һĳ̬ƺڿԼ
үȻҲΪ˱ˣ
ĵ´ǰλӣòݣͶһһĺãҪԼôִ׽
Ҳĸ˵ûҪ뷭͵ÿųıſܷ֦ͷˣƷˣܸҲһʤˡ
һҡҲ벻ôˡ
ӿϲ
ڳͼϣʵ
ͶǿĹ裬ͽӴŮˣôеİʾ
ϲȻϲģϲѹ黰˵Υ͡
ЩŮ˵Ļ˵࣬ǶԹ档
Ļ黰һαϵĻͣԺиֻ֣ҪץסþݣͿԻصǰܱǰ𾴡
Ҳϲӡ
ͷĻӦ
ֹס°ͣ΢΢̧ʹò
Ŀʱƺ뵽һȥˣһɫ糺죬ߵñ۾
ĸ׼һ᷿
ĸæȥ׼ͱȵ¥᷿ȥ
һҹ׷Լ֣ԳͲȡ鵽Ũʱĺ֡
ͣȢ𣿡
ʵ
Ͷһ٣ƺ˼ʲôɺܿͽ뷨ѹ£һЦŮӶȲҵŮˣҲκһ˿Ĳġ
ûеõ϶Ĵ𸴣һȴûټ׷ʡ
֪ʱȸܵõرΨһĶע뱲ӿɾиˡ
̫ʱ߿һˣϢҹ̫ЩΪӭϳͣʹӲʣҲǿõı顣
ҹú͸Żί͵ӰԼһİķͻȻίÿˡ

 57 

ЩȦӲ, ʲôŴҲͻഫ, 年ϳ, ܿ촫ĶУ԰Ƣ, ಻һɳӵ, ǱӾȻ˸ˣٲҪ¼ɶԷǲǶʲôͼ
µǶЩûô⣬ֱеǰ, ʹȥĵϸ
ˣδ̫ڽ˰, Ƕƽʱʲô, Ҳǲ, һܳʲô£Ҫ˵ҲǸñ˼ҵı۶ռ˱ˡ
ʼ, ԰ŵӸо, ƽʱװͰʮ, һϺԼص¾ͻֽš
ҪŮ, Ҫı۸ˣʲôǻһЩΪӣԺٲҪȢ檣ΪǺ֦ɢҶڶӴһЩʲôõ, ֻŵԵһ
Ӿ㲻ģƫƫĻ˼˼˼ڣҲˣϺõլסţ游ţӹò֪жá
һ˺ȥֱӰкһǻ뿪֪̫̫֮ĸ֡кµʱ򣬾Ͱߵһߣ֮ǰûطסʱ򣬾֪ǡ
֪¶¶ﲻ̹ƫƫ¶
Ȼһ˺αĺĺ֮£ҲûеõϢ˭֪˸ӣ
һ㻹˼˵֮ǰ㺫ةΪǰ㣿˵㲻֪飬˼СŮ˽˶ӣȴ⣬˼ܲ㼱𣿡
ʱǽһڣͲǿ̳˺үľλмֵλֺαҪȥһδ޵ˡ
ΪֻǱ˻ûˣ˭֪Ů˵ĺӣӶҪ󼸸¡ûϵҪڣط˳ӵԺĸ飿
ˣԺӵĻ£֣Իһù
һԳ˵Խί֮ǰĶӵĻ£ˣҺδϱѡˣصãְȨˡ
Ůġ룬˵ûһûûٺͰִת鷿ļƣҲ˯Աߣָҹñһ١
ҲȨһЩϢܸ˶ⲻѹϢ˵ȨϢͨ
ֻû뵽Ȼ·֮ǰֹıҽ֣ûʲôֵľٶţѭӦˬʲô캦ȥݺһľͲǹˣ룬о;ÿ¡
ȷⲻǱ˵ҥôϳӣ
ȨϢԴ֪Ϣ̫ͻȻҲмֻɣϾ֮ǰھǵҲ̫ã˷ųЩЩ˱ԶﴫֻЩǲ෹̸ʣʵΡ
Ȩ̧ͷһۣǲҥҲ˵ȷʵ˿϶ֱס᷿ûлؼҡ
ʹûۿʲôƾЩ͹¼ҲܹƲ֮ϵͬѰϲǺȾǰ򵥣һ˼ҵĹᵽȥȾơ
ô룬ԹķʣǶ˼һ£ԼϢϸ
ô˵ˡ
޶ǰҲϹģֻǺ⣬ԹСڽĽŵĲĹ˼ѪõĽӦǺѰټС޶
Ľ³ɳó֪߳ܵ飬ѵΪԼܹϺӣĿ˲һУӡӶҪˡ
йڹϢֻ͹ˣûر׺͸ǰȥ˵ģյϢˣֻڹǽˣʲôŷ£״Ҳܲš
ҪǱҪӻظϵ⣬׾ƾ˵ҲЭϡ
ߵǴߣս׵ƶ䣬֪ôĸӵ顣
侩ǽ¼䲻˵ȫ֪һЩţǳӱô⣬ʵʾǸʱЩˣҲһʱ䣬ݵһߵͷõȵһ꣬ǲ͸÷ˣ˵ֲҲһȾϾҪһȾϣȷʵûЧҽηӣԵⲡˣ˵û취ڹڨӣ˱ضҲӴǳӽⲡ˹һɲҲŻˡ
ȣǲҲ̫أ
طдһֽûֻдãСЩҪԼһиڳϡдֽһȥסհ죬ľͳȥ
Ҳ御ɡ
ԼȥȰ˵ָۺ˳ɽ취ɢء
ʽֽ͹ȥѣǲҲԹˡ
ֽ͵סѹ֪ݣȻҲֽ֪Ժֻ֣֮Ϊ˵ǵǮһˣֽˡ
ֽһѹûݷϣֽ˼⣬תͻլӡ
Ҳ֪˭ô˼صʲôأ˵ô
֮ǰ˻Զһ㣬šŲ죬ǰͲͳͶ
ԽˣƫҪųͣڳͶǸʱʱٷǰĸ񲻶ǰ׷ѣ
û·ϣݾĴһȹӣų͹˵һƻᣬڵ棬˳һƻֳ档
ֻǿƻᣬȻûȤɶǳǾͲһˡ
һֱߺϵģѳźˣͷźøҪ¡
ĸףټȥҿɾ͸ϲˡϵĻһԼһĴ绹⣬ųӿǺţͰŵ׼ʱ֮һǰǵƻᡣ
һڳһǣбۿ˳һۣӽһſźù˵Ļھǰ̤ʯ䣬Ժٲĺô
§ϸ֫ЦЩһ£Ϊ˼רõġ
ڳڵʵʵģҲ˿
û˵ϼ䣬ѾǷǣ㰴಻ס˼ǻûйƻᣬţǿѹе궯
ûԶžǳصĵƻᣬ˶ᵽȻ͹ദĻᡣ
ƿ⿴ŽֱߵҹǵĵƻᣬһҲȥģֻ֣ܷôã˲ӬĶġ

 58 

ٵ, ǳĺӱ߶ˣȻĵĲ, ·洦ɼ״Ļ.е滹д˵ա
, ͿԽ⻨ߣûе, ԻȤ, ҲԻǮ¡
ƻԪƻЩƣЩƲϵĵҲǿԷյĿ, 󲿷ֶССģƯںϵСơ
͵Ȼڳǰ, ͬʱĿĵ, һ³, Ϳ§ڻӱȥ
üѾֽȥ, Ը, ôҲϼƺϼơվ͹Ȼƻ, ˵ĹϵѾ׽
ȻҲǰߵĳͶ, ΢΢죬һͳûκιϸôߵһģ
뵽͹֮ľı̫࣬ΣԼҲûס
һûл̫ãδʮ˾뿪, ԺҪعѡ
û뵽һˣô˳ӵù
ض˲ãγô룬Щ£׼ѣҲ֪Ǹʲôˡ
ҡҡͷָǰ˶ĵطԳʵǱڲµ𣿲ǹȥ
һǲ飬Ҳû¡
ֻոָķ߹ȥǱȷʵڲµգЩΧΪ˲µգΪ˿µյǹ
Ҳ֪ļҵĹһյĻƣҪߣȴֲ²յףһǻơ
ԱкЩǹﳤÿɰ̲סǰΪ˭֪ﷴҪԼһ˲³յף׬ǻơ
һۣЩȤػһҵⶼôԣĪ˵⻨ƵģƽյĴ磬Ҳ⡣
ܾԼӵЩֻҪܹܵúãҲͲˡ
Ա߿һСûв³յΧΧ۵˽ҲˣŹһǰߣôһôҲתһȦҲá
ţϹǵײϣɫȻЩãԼϾ˽ºͳ֮ûлԼҲûиĸ׿ϡ
ƫƫͱ񿴵ˣҲóⳡ棬ӲͷƤӭϹĿ⣬ɰҲ⿴ƻᡣ
̬кԼϳδɺơ
ų͵棬ûӣͷӦ£ǰֵͦģҲƣǱȥ䣬æĸǡ
Ȼû˲غͳĿһϣɫôÿ
ؿϳ⻨ĴٵԸ񣬳Ϳϳ˽ӵݡ˻಻Ͽɣһ仰ҲԸ˵
Ĭ߹óһξ֮󣬹ƫͷһۣҲ̫⡣࣬Ǹģ͵˼ƽϡ
⻰Ϊ˰οأô˵һô֪ӣ
㻹ῴ࣬㿴Σ
ȻһЦϸӣãŻ˵ȻǸиģ꣬ٻûסһЦ
Կ϶ոǾڰοѣΪ˰ο˶ĹԵмֿɰˣͲôˡ
ȥǱ߿
ӱڰĻƷŽǻƮԶĬĬԸʵԸ
ҲһյƣȴԸԸүҵԸҪʲôԼȥȡźáĸп˵
ֵһǣƻȷʵܶ࣬ʱʱĻϼˡ񿴵ةˣѾߣ۾ֱŹıӰʹš
һ߽ةϳæץѵǰǸǲҶС㣬ôôأ
òĻصûпȷʵǹ
ôͳһ֮ǰ˵ëڿţƺҲûʲô
ةЩźĸ̾˲ͳϱҪ˵ëҲ׮顣
Ϻ͹ϳ£ةҲ֪ġţǸпҲһƽϢࡣ
˵ѽиͳ˻ŵԣɲŮòʮơ
лة͡ة˲ûйӭة࿴
˵ʱǱͻȻһˮ֪˭ȼˮˣ
ȥͿ漤˺ܴˮڣۿžҪȥ
ߵ˶ƽˮǰȥҪȴһһҼס˸첲á
ǿ֪˭ңûк³ݺݵв
˶һۣвû˿Ķҡ
Ӳػţǰӵġ
ȻĸģʲôϽˡ
ץסǰһǵְֻǱӵİȫĲְΧ֮ڣˡԴ
˵Ż˱ֳ߽
ٿеĹʱѾûڣҪȥˣһ˳ˮ棬Źͱ˼Ÿ첲ʱһǾ
ѵǵﰲ³ΪӣӣҪĴ۾ô
֮ǰпܻᱻΪжǱִѹ۸û뵽ô츶ԼΪۡ
ԿһеķȻû˭ƹˮѾ˲²⣬˭˰ûˡ
ϾʶһôɥڴˣЩġӣ̧ͷء
ʱĿû˵һ֣֪ðһˣ৵һ¾ܿ콫
ΧˣŹǱӣеģʣ´󲿷˶ڿֵģʱʪ͸毺õ֣˵ǰ
оˣƫƫʱûӰĿˣԭΪӢ۾ˣܻᶮģ˭֪˾֮󣬻û˵һ䣬ʧȺУʣһ˹ЩֵֹĿ⡣
ûΣգûֳų߳ƻֳص֮ǰͣĵط
ȴĬ뿪ΪΣ
ʩĪҲϣӰҵҪ
̫ˣе󣬻ᷴҧһڡûһưɣôţҲûڴ¾ᡣ
ֻ˳飬Ӱ죬о鲻
͹ؽʱһ·ϼĬֱָֻôһ£ȹ񿴹ʱ֣͵͵󣬱ץţСӳڹоЩЦ
㲻ؿⶺҿֻЩд˾ûˡ
СҼҵġͷҪ׵ģʱ䣬ʲôʱҿɺãЦ˵

 59 

ûֱ, û
ڽǰͣ, ųط, ſڵСƿţӭȥ
վ, Ŀ뿪
ÿһηֱ, ƶвͬĸоٶȹϣŲջĿ⡣
֮£ȥ, ǹǵʲôˡһֱ˷Ը
ǡܿʧҹĻ֮С
ǰʻųʻȥ
صԼ, ۵˼ƣ, ̫ӵ¹, ַⳡƻ, ǿ𼸷־, 鷿ԼѪ
̫̫, ٲǳż, ҪӴӦҲһЩı䡣
·ȥü֣ЩְԼģʱǲȥᣬЩԼְλߵģЩȦгͻ, Ҳá
ţ̫ӵ²һЩʱգڼӶһ̫ţдΪء
Ͼʵӵ󹬼ǧȴϡȱżлӳҲѴ֮꣬ǰһֱΪǻʵӲãֻӣλԼ̳С
¿̫һ£кܶ಻ͬѰ֮
ڹڵְܹӴ̫ӵ£ܹı̫ӵµˣŵı³
սӴ̫ӵʵԸͣദֻǸոսӴʱ˫ϵ׽̫ӵµĵִС
֮Ÿɾֽдһ飬ͿֻŻճɻҽнһʫС
Щȥԡңϴȥһƣ»Լ䡣
ǳŴһ·ŻĹȫʪણ紵˫ֻǰһ¡
ǿƻĺӱߣŴһξ룬ʱԶԼСʱߵ
;ҲһЩӸͣǷҪ˳糵һɫе񣬹Ļҳǵ顣һͷãߵűߣʱûسŵʱ첽߽ڡ
ɫֵϡ٣ǰ̯Сࡣͷһ·ߣò׵ԼǰĿԺţ̧ͷһǱӣ
Ӵզˣôȫʪ͸ˣ
δشŴ˼硣
ůůɱðˡ
ϽԺӣԺŹغãһݡ
һصȽԼһʪ·ˣϸϽȥˮˮպãȥԡԡ
⵽ôˣ˵һȥƻôŪǱ
ǻ·ģˮ׼ˣû˵ȥȥԡңŸԡͰٴʵ
Ҳ֪ôģúõںӱ߿ƣ˭֪һѣ͵˺
ϳԾĵɴۣˣǳأôһʪ·û׼·滻ôˣ
˵ͣͷ͸ˣ׼·ûˮͱ˸ˡ⻹ǲ֪˭ģҴӺҾˣһ·Լ߻ġ
ѽ̧ϿƣĥˣСҲû߹ôԶ·
һӾȻ¹ԼˣǱ˼ߵģҲܷ˼˵ԼŮϲһն벻
ѽҪСģĪ취أ
ƳһۣĸδҲ̫ڸӣôܻ£ĸװпһЩйĴԣҿ˶ǰġҪңֺαذһϷҿߡ
ˮĽ£ڸоůЩ˼·ҲࡣǸǿƵŮˣԼӱǣűߣ˵ͨԼӣ֣Ͼϵһ⣬ĸ׵Ķ̫𱸣ɶˣٺĵҲó
װ£ҲûԡͰൢ飬ϴϴ·ص䣬ϻ߶߶
Ҫô˵˵ðôôģı鶼ó
ʲôģ뵱үǱ˵δϳүǱ˼ң֮ǰ׸ˡүȻĲǣ˵׻ǱƵġ
Щ˵ЩСϰҲţھ˶֪үǳصףڳ游ة÷ˮ𣬷۳үȴȫĶ
Ȼû˸Ҷ˵ʲôɱһ˵ǸˣԼӶԲܲˣ˵ϵĸɶӡ
Ҳ˵ЩԼûʲôϵҲûϣ룬Ů˵ҲԣǷԼģɣҲһóģΪԼӵĽɱʲô
ɻҳ˵˵ȥҪûͱ˸ôˣǲǶǰ°ʵڲôҲҪһЩǸˣǮôҲٲ˰ɣ
Խ˵ԽԼȴֹ֪סķۡ
ǰڽĸ׶谮мӣʲôõĶ뿪֮ҲĴϺõģЭϣȥӣһΪԼõһȴΪϵΡ
ϵΪܹϺӸ࣬ȻмùˣɸжϵľĲ߻Щ꣬黭ͨǽġ
ڿҪǮоĸΪܷ֦ͷˣȫΪȥǮΣϿ̫ܲ⣬ûʧڳӣ˺ԺĶбĺȥֻŵǰ棬ûѴ
Щˣʲô˵ɡƳ⣬Ϸţص̾˿
ȥҳӵģȴΪ˵ǮƲҪó취븮ǸңֻҪ˺ðҲˡ

ЪϢҹ˯ȴȣȥл˹ۿһ˫֣ƽʧںڣ󽥽ȥû˶
Ѱһ´оѣŷָոһĻξ
ö˶˵ģôμˡ
˾ˣȴεˮϴε촦ڷȻоǲ
ΪʲôһٶεˣоһõԤס
ţжæ鿴֮Ҳ˯ţɴԸȡЩĹƣȡ֮ǰĻӣһ߳ŵģһߺŲ裬ű˱лŮĹ£˲ƽࡣ
ȴĵĴԼӣҹĲ˯⿴𻰱ӣСǸǸԷ·
һǻӴͷβһ̧ͷѾˣʹ۾ȥ·
ûСӣŽȥһˣʱҪ̵̫ӵϰ䣬Сȴš

 60 

ܼҼŹ, ǱȼųػҪڣֻصһսԸ, ǸδŮ, ԺϴСƾİš
ܼʲôˣǶ˾е˾, δŮڸϵǱүҪ, ҪԼܼҵĲˣǾ͵źù
ӭţ˵Լҵܵܵ, ܼ߹ȥˮԺӣϲ, ŰѾȥ׼㡣
ͬһȨͺ񶼱, Ȩûʲô, Ϊ澣ϰ˵һ, ˵ϱ, ϲʲô, ܼһ, ܳ˵Ҳĺˡ
ȴܼһߣ侲һȨζĿ⣬סֺ
ûвѾͷ·, һ߽ˮһ˾Ȼ˯
İϵıһƵһߣ㻹˯
ˮƺǻû˯ѣ۾һǰ㣬ʱˡ㣬զˣ棬ҵıأ
ȥӣȴһק´
ôû𴲣鲻ˣ
˵ȥ½ѧãҲɢɡ
֮ǰ˵ȱȥѧãҵʵ˵㣬Īˣ
ˮһͷˮˣҲٺƤЦ˵
ڼţûֺУ˯
̲ס̾ĸߵ磬ӽԼչˣȻϴ϶ͺ󣬿СԼӿС͵Զеģ˼Һп⣬ֵԼҺϣôôء
ˮѵ̧ͷµİ·ˣߵһԵǰóԼ֮ǰѧõ飬ʵʵߡ
ˣڿ黹𣿡
ˮͰ͵˵
飬û㲻ԷɣҳȥЩ
׻ǲģǣˮ߳ãܼЩĹѾȲ裬ˮˣæʵСӿҪЩʲôóȥ׼
ˮڱѵӰŸԴûʲôĿ˴ܼһۣʲôɣʲôʲôҳԹȥ顣
ȴܼһߣȨźһǣŵǽ˵
СˮҪ֪Ǽڵﲻˣ֮ǰֵܹɲţ⡣㲻Ǵ󸻴󣬿ǱҪܹһ棬Գ͢ԹףԺ󰢽ȥ˵ظûټ
ĳİԼ뷨ϸ˵ˮӱϾСһӽ̡ͨ
ˮ¶ĵͷף硢ڶŬ顣ԺҲԳ͢õˣðϸõӡҹҵһ׵˲˯ģԽЩԺ󲻻ˡ
ԼС˽֪ͣԼˣҹû˯˯ͣ
׾ͺãҪԼȥȡģǱسҪùö࣬Ҳ磬ʲôѣܲܰϣԶҲûһ죬һķˣǵһѡ
˵Ļˮʵû̫ףڵĳǻϺ̫ӵǰĺˣܳʲô飿ô˵ضĵͷû˵ġ
ܼҺܿԸһʳʹлأԹ棬ûൢ飬ȻԼ俴顣
һԺʢĻܣƵ̾һӣȷʵûеô򵥡
ǰ÷˶ٹŽǽĸǰԱ߿ţܾòǷЩԼβŷ֣ʱʱ䣬ԼҲ֪ǶǴͲС˺ӣôĲӲϽ
С㲻̫ڷգּλӣŶ̤ʵѧġھͿʼǵǰ̣ٶ˵̫ˡȨյģ̲סȰ
СҼҵľ䵱Ľɫôסٽôȥ¼նĲ
˵Ҳףܻ̫Щ
Цѡϱû飬ֵһն˲ĹְߣЩ£ǲǻǵĺȣ
һ뵽ĸܶ仰ͲҶֵɡ
ʹ
̫ӵʾվһԣĿšѧţٲ֮ǰģ¶
£һԣ
ͣתĳ
ӹԼ˵һԣŸոտʹĽУ뻹ǼǵõģԼʹŵڶ̧͸оԾˡ
õ־ԣ˴ӦֱΪɡؼͣ߹ȥס֣һ˵ţһְֵؽ
Žϸųؼע˳ķ򣬳ڿл裬һ׽ʹ･һ
̫˺󣬱Լԡ
صͷ˵ովλãٴδͷβʹǽУ˳ظոשʹǾ׶ˡ
СյĹһ׽ػ˺üΣʽϤˣֻ滹Ҫٲ򡣡
Ĩ˰ѺϢʱ˳ԸһغĹŮȥŷǶˡ
̫ջڹŰɣ
ѯʵѾԸȥҲݲܾ
صͷһأһ޹š
ʳʵÿնܷḻȻԵò࣬ϵĲȴûеˡÿٶģֻԼڣʣµҲ¶ٳԡ
ڻʼңʳٲ˵ģֻΪʵ۵ŮעһʼҪıΪӪһС˱˵ĵͼյ̫
ĬĬ۲ݵ̫ӵ£һƫСһЩĿǰ״̬ѹͲһġ
⣿
رϾߣһ˹¶ñķӺҲѲõѣƱػϺ͵µĻɡ
Ҫ˵֪֮飬бˣŻΪз֢֮ҪôѴ£ػû뵽Ƶİ취
һæµػصԼУʱܼᵽţ·ûȥֵּڵСԺ
ȥǶȻڴֵּѾѧû͹˵Ż
ʱ߽ȥ΢΢һЦˡ
һһЦ׵Ĵ飬ÿջܹеķմŶ֮ɢ
Ψһһ龻˵ƺĻĬĬ̾Ϣÿ˶ԼۣһҲã۾ˡ
Է
ҲûͿԼ
ܾܵĸʺС
ȻֻԳɣһǵĺԸظ֪һ˵ҳԹٻȥȨصġ
úظţȨ£Ϊ׵ģʱ˹ߴظ
ˮոսյϰҪԷƣ϶ʱЦݡ

 61 

, Ŀ͹뿪Ӳζ, ʱǿĵ, һֿ־ÿ, Щʲô
ʣһʱ, ⣬˼ǷҪƷԼǰľ˵ҪЩɻ顣, סԼĸۡ޹Ȼʲôί, ֮ǰںסͬ
ֻ⻰Ҫô˵, ܹĸԸǱǰ, ˶ˣȴڴʱ
Ӣѹ˹, һС, Լôͱס, زɵǣ, أЦ
һ
ͻȻټ빬鷿ڣ游ةࡣ
߽ȥĵ׼ô游ûĲã̫ڲ飬ةలŵ׵, Ƕѣ뿪˺ľλҪôܶᵽԼһ⡣ϾҪҵõʵ۵ļνϲǸ̫ӵܹɵġ
أ̫ӽɺãԽȻ
ֱ˵ûһ˿ƫ̫ӵ¡
̫ѧ𹦷ҽչԽĵͷǰҲаŹ˽̵̫ӣ̫ϲѧ򣬶⵶ǹ֮ĶȤ񺫰˵ģߣ̵˳
ǰŵ˶һһĸ֣ƫƫû취ʶزʮߵ֮ͣǰǿںةϣһᣬЩڹеЩšոһ䣬սȷҪš
̫ǰ˵ҪȥһֱûдӦһûкʵܹչһ˳ôҲĲ¡̫ĴѣڹסˣҪȥ
΢΢ͷ̾ò̫Ĵ棬̫ᣬԲһһġҪǵȥ棬ɽˮʱ䣬ԸھŹֻڸгԷɢֵ䣬Ҳù̫һڡ
̫ӹϵǲ߻ţҲᷴС޸ЩӲԸߣֻܹԶԶĻ
Խ⻰˼Ѿԣ䵱̫ӵȥ棬ظҪѣͿة಻ϵʹɫ
¶ܾã
мƣǻϵ˼ǣ΢̫ӳһˣ
ԽЦǡǡ׼׼̫һ
¶ûϵĶѾˡس鷿û뿪ȵةһͬŷߡ
游ΪҪ̫ӳȻǺةٳɵģֻǲףʲôô̫ӵڹǳʲô£ҪȫûʲôҲֲʲôͣ£Ǹֺõġ
㻹ᣬܶ㲻ף̫ףùϵԺ̫ӵǻˣ;ʮҪ̫ӵĴ㣬ҲðϣĻ
ةͻʵ۵Ľ飬ɲģڣͶˣʵûʲô֪ѣ໰ű˵治˵ģ
˵黢Ҫ͸뷨ȴ֪ͬʵʲôʲôʵãҲչʵۣʲô¸ʲô²зִ磬ˣսսĽʵ۹ţôߵýʵ֪ʵ뷨
游̫ӵݾ
Ժ̫ӵǻȻߵ˽мνǳǶһ޶Ĵڣһλµǵλ̫˵Ҳ㲻ʲô顣ҴΪʲôִڴ£ȴƫƫҪصߣӵݣ벻ףЩˣΪһ
ة˵Żž͵˹Ŵͷںţةһͬϳ
Ķ˵ãõķܹԼȡģûҪǵ㶫պ˴Ϊعͷȥᷢӵеģ㲻ʲôǶȵıӣȴͬӪӵаҾȨ
ةĻＤǧˡȻϵ£ة඼뵽ˣûģةҲˡ
Ϊξã֪ϥڶࡣΪƫƫλ
ͻʵ۵ĹϵУһҲܹǹڲɼʱҲȥ
ةįҡҡͷǲУĹ٣ǿԣȨ֮Уǻᱻ˿еͷʣҿ㣬ΪпҰġȷĿ꣬һᳯĿ겻ǰСڸᣬԺˣǺҲкô
ة˵ֱӣûٲҴţС˼Щӣָ˼ţǼ⡣
·լ³ة뿪תظʱ䣬ֻˮһ˻ڸСֵּȥѧδظ
һߣˮû˹ţйܼҺˣסȻ⣬û˿ˮи
磬ôأ
ˮԺˣæӭȥ
ˮ£ʶߵԺûڼңˮʵʵвⰲοȤ£ǲ͵
ţտҪһԶţ֮ǰЩ򣬲ڼҵӣ㻹öϰ
ҪţȥѽǹܴܲһȥǸӣһ˵Զţˮɼš
룬ûӦǹ񣬴ȥ㡣
ŶˮʧĴԴ
ҪȥҲûа취ֻҹûʱ俴㡣㰢һͬУǽиӦҲطӦþͿԴ㡣
ػлָˮ˵ˮһȥȥ⻹ס
ȥʰ㣬ҪԸȥʹ𣿡
õص׿ϣˮеĽҪȥҹ
ؿҴȥıӰһ˿ײ΢ЦһӣǲЩܺ͹һͬΣóûôѷɫˡ
ˮܵҹ˵ʱȫ˸˵
ҳȥй´ʱ˲Ͼ㣬һȥɣ·иչˣͲõˡ
ĸ˵ԭȥԼҪȥģ˵ͺöˡ
ԼС˷ܵģȥȥɡ
Ҫȥãȥ
ʣˮһ֪
㣬ȥ硢ҪѧڼҲûʲô£͵ȥ¡
ЦãȻǵȥģػ߽ȥͷˮ·Ϲ棬ǵʧɡ
аɣҪ͸ףһ¡
Ϊٸ鷳ǴӦ
һͷʣµȥţǰ׵
ڶգǰȺ
͹ſڣųϵĳأ鸴ӣԥ߹ȥ䣬úչ˹


 62 

δĴ, ؿ;֪Ҳ֪۹ķ, ûǰԶ, űĿף
뿪˼, ˵, һʼǷԵġɺһ룬ⶼѾףһԶ, ҲûʲôӰ졣סǿӦǶԳصĶ, оͰ˹ҪתĻ
Źԥ˳ص, ڳˮ, һꡣǱսЩصǰ, 
һ, , Ȩڳͷ䵱, Ƿʻȥ
֪ˮͬһг̵Ļ̫ӵ¡оȲѣϾƽԺˮµ̫ӵ£һ˿η壬̫Сָом׽
һʻڳ˻һ, ֮Ϊй¶ݣԵͳһƺΪүɡ
ȥ
Ҳûˮһ֪ģֻ֪ҪǣھȥģǸδ֪
زŻش⣬ǰͶֻһСӣһҳдط
󷭣滭иİͼеصһЩ׷飬ɫСԡ
Ҳ׼һǳģȫض߸飿
үδ̫ţүûôãһطȥҲˣʮʮطܶȥˡ
ѵóһˣȥһطǳԿˡ˹Ҳ֪Լ⣬ܱ֪˵ʱȻ˳ƺ
үóԿǾͻȥغ֡
ôһ˵ˣѵóһˣ˵ȥĵطˣܱĶҲûȥֱӻȥĺá
ǺðɣȥƽһվȥĶ뵽ٸ㡣
һˣǻʵ۰̫ӽشȥܵܲСࡣˮ͵͵ģ⵽ôһ¡
Сˮ£ôҲָ֡˵Ҫ֪̫ӵ³УôӦˮһš
صЦٳɴ£Ҫй֪ˣǵԹ
˶Ѿ˳ǣȻҲûлȥĵˮĶѵɱ̰棬ѧһ١ǽҷ͵ϰȥ
ˮԼʹթȣȻٷĻƾ˵ʲôڴӦ
ʻһ磬·һСʱԸȨͣǳЩ
;Сû̫õľ¥һСݣ˼ˣϲ˵;УĿŷªĲãȻġ
һȻΪҼҶôƽնԼֲ赭Ӧһһ٣СݶԲԽЩģ·ģͨ׬ЩǮƣ׬ǮıȻ
˵Զԣôо˹ض̬ȴͬǰܱԵò˵һ䣬ؼ䣬ȫûа̫ӷ
ҪԼгﶼÿӲ
ˮýЩ˲ʱ˵Żûô̫ע֮ĶԻ
˵ƽһسǣ˵ɽˮ㣬Ǹĺõطҵÿͣȫż˵Ҳ֪ЩϢɫͺԼ侳һ㡣
΢˽һǵط뾩ǿԶţҲյĹܵ˵һط͹ȥһطؾ͵ûС¡
·ϻᾭأҪҪؼҿ
ͻȻʵһ£أĸѾˣԭסլһֱšּЩݣ˹ĸֽ𻨹ϵΪ׽ĶǸ˼Զףǻȥˣ໥֮Ҳûʲô˵ģֻּҵŮ
Сˮȥĸ𣿡
ˮͻȻôһʣҲһסˡĸǸϲƽϵģǵΨһãǰԹĸٰ̣ùĸԵԸ񣬵ǲ㱻ȥĸѲ˸ϵ
뵽һ㣬ˮܣҡͷܾҪ
ǾСˮġ
ˮԴػص
ضеڷ֮ɢٲʣʲôȻǶûȤǱ·Ƕͣ
г˿羰ǿ飬ֻͨĴ򷢴ʱ䡣
ڳض̬Ȳ䲻ȵģԾûȤϲźµˮ졣
ȵĿĵʱٲȻѾֳˮ˴һƬĵûȣ˳ֵܵĵزﶼǹȻߵøһЩ
㲻Ǵүһǰ棬ĺ𣿡
ǰıӰ̲סؽҪȻҴСˮϱȥڿջϡ
ûбҪ棬ŷŷ磬ڹôЩ꣬ȷʵҲûôҲ֪ô˵үʹӦˣֻҪİȫùܡ
ȫùǣ
дżʡ
ǰĶĶȥںܳʲô¶سҲ󡣾ǲǣҲˡ
ȥ¥ָǰЦ
СվһլԺǰ̽ͷ￴ȥģ棬լԺϹһҶһͲʲôط
һæ׷ȥ
ȥʲôëСӻѧ˼ҹ
ûĽѵˣˮԴһѵֻñ
ȴǰ°ͣһĽ͵ǰȥɣ
˵ֱ׳ģǳصĲԡ
ĬĬҡͷδӣСƢС
ˮȥǱ߿
ͷˮһȥ
Ǳ߽ͷˣӼգΧˡСӺò׼Ȧڣվǰţɸ˵ͷݡ
ֻһԵųľ壬ֱͷȥ˲ҲܣľԼͷ
ľϳأȵվţ߶ûһ
ΧȺһֽкãЩ˿ʼϵͶǮ
ˮҲǵһοˣԴӲô˾ҲʹģҲŹƺȲʡ
񰲾ĿţĻģû취ˮϲŭɫϲҲδ¶ʲô
ͷ֮ǰͷˣҲǳˣֻǿŹ˵ĴŽԼԴĲػʹȼ٣ʵ϶Դϣвʹĵ˱Ƚ̰ˡ
ȻԼСγʱʱϰ͡
˶ǻӵ֮ٻȴ֪ǴСܵĲпһ˲ͬ
˼ҺӻںСĴˣʱѾʼֵ֪ܼ以Ƚϣڸǰչһ档
ǺһЩЩùֵǻʱ䳤һЩ̫֮λδֵ

 63 

뵽, Ҳ֪ԼǺǲԼߵֵ, һ, ֻʣӶӾûôù, 򸸻Ҳųѧ, ˵׻ΪܹǿһЩ
ˣݣ飬һʱ
ػŹ߽Ⱥ, ЩͷյûʲôȤˮýζ, Ŵս, Щֵ, 죬еĻŰڱؿʯ, Ŷûš
ڵȵСӿ, һһĿĵء
ؿʱ, ȰŴһԹȥ档û뵽ȥ¥·Ͼͳ⡣
Ⱥ, ͻȻܳһŵȥһʱܲҪӭͷ£ؼʱһܹһ, һƣҿ
һǣˮһסվڳмֽţСӣᣬǰܱ¶̫ŵ顣
Ǻúõĸұܡ
ǲģĶǣס֡
ŵĿǰ棬غ˾򶷣Ŀǰ˾£֪һҲϳˣܺòµģǹȻҲոһºգԴҪ˸ˡ
ոջԼǺôֵܾԼһ˻˭֪ɱôϢˡ
֪ķԼֱٿˮʱҲڹߡ
ֱʱĴǸ޸ŮӣʱȴСһ㱻ţĪľҲмְȫС
ԳЦЦĵѧ˹ģ˹ؼʱ̣ÿŹǰȫУΪ곤꣬øЩ
صǰһʼûԼıֻȥŴţȴѽʹˣԷĹȷʵ£ҪӦԡ
֪ۣĹУΧˣ߿ģʣýЩΪý֪еա
ȨһֱǺͷƣεڹǰ档
СĪš
ȵ˹񼸷򶨡
Ȩȥ
ĵĻǳأɱֵסˣĿǰȫĺܣȨ㻤Ҳãǰȥء
ȨȴҡͷԳ⹦òҰɣȥĸۡ
˵ŻտĽֵͻȻ춯ȨоףתƼһֻƷ
ССģ⸽й֣
Ȩõȥɽ֧¡һжжϵһԵֵ
ȨһߵǼһ߻תƵһߵ
ſڣһƣԼ⡣
ӵڵǹôҲû취׼ĿꡣȨſǱ߿ȥոƣȻǳǺͶ˳ƺүСƣ;˼ٷҲסջɶȻûй¶ݵĿܣٿЩˣȻбǰͷɱû֣ͷϣѵأĬϣרҵɱ֯
С㣬ǿǧΣգȨһ
֪ˡҲСġ
ʱ򣬹ﲻһæչ˺ӣϸ첲ϸȵҲû취Щ˶Կ
ӻƺƹļһ飬Сţƹģ㣬Щ˸òΪһģʱӸˣǿզ죿
ƹ룺ѽ˭Ҳܣƫܵϵɢˣ˰벽ûüŹϣ˭֪ͽǸˡ
һֻǸСӣƹΪԼǣһᣬǰȥǰڳһ׺ݵӣʲô첻⣬ǿȥ
ƹģǾͽӶһ㣬һͺˡ
һתŷƹߵǰǵɶǹ̨棬±
Ƕô죿ͷЩɱƺҲϴѽȥȥ
ƹı˵߽ơ
ˮƹ飬߷߲ƽǾͽӶôˣûҲû㶫վվУھǳȥˣͲ鷳ˣ
ƹҪ㣬ˮһĿƹ֡ߣûպãһģֱӰƹֱĺˡ
ƹǸˣﾭסĴæȥ
Сӣռҵĵطһסոջ˵ûˣʲôƹİǷֱˮ
ˮ뷴䣬һѰסˣ˵䡣ƹģҲ±ۣԲŶӽƹ͵ģһ̾ߡ
ƹԭգǿǮơ˵Ļ㲻˵ˡ
ǮҲ֪ûаɣǾվһˣǸϽ뿪
ƹ˵꣬Լܻع̨棬ͻһšʱǰǶһӣİ١
ֵʱ˵ǿһˣЩԭ׼ԿֵȺڣһ֣ʣµ˶ˣ⵶ۣҼ뷢Ļ̻̣ﻹ¡ȨſڣӺߣǹû취׼
ʱͣȨ̧ͷǱߣɴѷ֡ĿǰʤһٹУ˱Ҫˡ
Ȩ԰һЩҺгڣһ˻꣬ƵĿΧǰ˵ʵۻǻߣʱа棬ǰȫô̫ӵ߾ֻгһ˻šδҲ̫Ϸˣһиʲộ˭ǡ
С㣬Ǳ۵ġ
ɱ˺ڽ棬ģؼҪϵɱܹۿžҪʤˣ˭֪ͻȻһˣתܡ
صĹ˵İȫ׷ᣬ˻Ȩߡ
أ
ոһֱרĶԸɱ֣ѹûо˼ʱȨһվ棬Žգȴ˵Ӱ
棬⸽йȶһҲ֪ǹûС
Ȩؽ
صͷĿӵţȨҲһȥ
ƹһ˲ûߣӲͷƤǰȥر㲻Ƕӵ̬˵СǣλҲ֪֮ʲôԹ𣬿СģʵǵΣҪҲһطòãҲҪˣû
֮ǰݹӻ뿪
ٷϻһ䣬СҲšȨ˵ƹ֮ǰСӡ
ôһףƹķҶ˵ֶȥԴ̽
мΣģָƹĻ˸ŻˡóȻȥտɴţ㲻Ϊ˱ģΪ̫ӵҲðա

 64 

ĳ, ȥǱɪɪƹͻƣŵϢǹ˼û˻, ׷ȥ, ץ̿ʡ
ǺȻ뵽ʲô, ʵ, үЩأôһ
ʵȻƽʱ߱Щ֮ǰ, Ҳʾˣһֱ˱, ֻ̫ӵ²ԸǸ̫, һ㶼ԶԶ, ʲôͻǻἰʱ, ոǰ, ʱûҲͰ, ˴ô, ȻһæĶûУϣҲóǰ
һ£µģҶҲ֪
һ, ߵô֪ܲǶǸˣΣջȡǾͲ»ؼ֮ү𷣣ǿɲǶ˲ô򵥵¡˵ʵô£
һֻǣţʱ׺ݵʣ̲סһڹ
Ҫٲ˵ʵҾͰ㶪ǻƾҪվ뿪
һżҲͲšǰǱңѵóһˣþЩ
¾Ҳû취ٻˣ̫ӵҲ̫Լ¶δĴʲô£˭Ҳ𣬾߹ΣյݣȻҰԼߵİˣͿųһ˻
ʱܻס´ΣôźãͨεͻȻϮԷѾ֪ûκκԮָ´ҪôΧǡ
뵽һ㣬ͷ۲ѣ⻹ʲôϽӱ޵Ļؾȥ
ô룬ɾôվҪء
ʱѾŭɽңǵƵĿһ¹ιС̫ӵ£˭ĵӣȻҰԼİˡ
Ȩȥ濴ǵһ
ǷԸȨδֱ߳˻ˣǲ죬ȥƥؾ
ٴãȵǻع߸ûʲôٻʱһôҲ˼ҵȺ
ȨߺǼЪϢȫ̴ľ֨֨һ
ؽ񻽵ߣûɣ֪ˣͲǳµã飬޹ۡ
ҡͷôܹԤϵõģ˵׻СԼҪģô˵Ҳֲͷѽ
ЩؼҲãҪүˣȥҲý
ͷһˮǰ֪ں˵ʲô
ˣȨ׼ƥô䣿ɲǶһҲûľ飬һִ˼ҵĹС㣬ŶӻйȥѧǱǻṦĽŮ
ȻͬһƥȨˮүһƥͷˡˮ˶ƱҪ˴һ˵СӲãӱ͸ѧĻܣͻġ
үһƥܳ𣿡
ոǹ֣Ҫ񵥶һƥԷҪǺף
صһۣһ㣬㲻ģԼûϣҹôʲô
˵⻰ʱż£ԭȰ䣬ϾǻϽʱ̫ӵ¶ǲáɿųӣȰȰ
٣ҲûµģһὫǶƽȥȥ֮үúýѵһ١
仰ؿ˵ġ
֪Լ˴ƾôԹҲûлһ졣
Ȩܿ콫ǣһƥĿƥ׼˲ٸˮԹǻȥ·ϱ֮á
ѱ룬ճصİţֳƥͬʱ򾩳ǷȨǰ棬м䣬ŹϺʲôͻںԼʱӦ
ЦôӲոջ˵ôŰɣΪ˱İΣ
س̱㲻ʱôУǼ˼ҹ̵ĸ·ʵܲʱǲͣϢιЩϣ³ԭյ·̣ձ㵽˾⼸ĵطžҪǳ£Ȼðʮˣſ׷϶
һ⵹˿ôˣغȨҲѶԸοǻôŲˮ
Ҫͣǰߣǻжξ룬δ׷ϡ
ǰߵ˺һ䡣
ˮĵĽŰ㣬ϧȨǰ棬ŤͷҲûӰǲŤ˲ӡ
м䣬صĻһҲͣСƤ޲ϵĳţٶյĸ·ЩƣٶѾ˼ޣٿҲ첻ȥ
Щ˽׷ᣬۿžҪ׷ˣǰǾǳšȨسʿһţ󣬳ؾʱسǵʿʾƣ׷커̫ӵ»ع
һǹеƣسǵʿȥˡ
أǶͷˡ
񾪻δĿ󣬻ΪЩҲʣ¼׵ľ룬˭֪Ťͷһһתͷˣѵ֪ʿ´򲻹ǣЩƣ׷׷ôãƫƫʱǴӳŴʹɻһξ룬˹ǲͳûлᡣ
ʹ˵Ҳ׼ͣڳŴһӡ
ôһܵñӻ졣Ⱥ˳ֵʱҲ̫ˣ֮ǰյ·ûвбٵļƫƫڿ쵽ʱͻȻ׷ڿ׷ʱȫͷܡ
·иõʱ֣Ϊƫƫѡʱ
Ī˵ǹ񣬾ҲЩ벻̫ס
ǰͷʿȨ˽˹ţŷسŴػڳŴţ˼䡣
ؼЩȫû۷ļŴŹ񲻽ȥ
ǲøһ빬ģСܶѾ˸ȥȨҲǶҲŽ˹
ȫ̸ڳߣһҲҷɣǰ˵⹬ͷŽɭϣһ˿ɽãҲȥˡʹ˵˾һˣģɡ
Խ̫ӵһ£æеΨһĻӡ
ûʲôˣԽŷģ˵ǶϺԽû뿪ڶ̫̣ɲʲôС¡ԽŴ£ԼţѰ
££úú㸸ϸǰҷ£ֻҪúϴﶼԭҵġ
ˮСɷɷ׵ģˡ̲סСοദʱ䲻໥乵ͨǢġֵܡ
ͳ˽˹ֱӱ
ϵĻʵۣʹǵڶμ棬ǸеȲȻ

 65 

ͱԼԽ, شݲȣŹ֮, ·һһʮĺ˵, ᵽЩɱ׷ͻȻ۷飬ԽʱҲʡ
Ȼ׷׷µ, ôͻȻȥˣ
һ, ۾ضסأĿһۣܿͷ, ³ʵȷʵ, ϸòỳ, ĬĬ, һ·ϣƴȫҲҪס̫ӵ¡
һǻ, Ǳ, һܲù, ⹬, û˵Ȩϲʣ㲻÷ɵվڳߣĬһ˵
΢Ҳ֪뷨, ³ɡҵǵûˣȫع»ϳ飬Ǵ˴γУһʼݣǶԷǵָơͲ֪⹬Ƿлϸ
Խãζû˵һ񣬡̫ӣôవôһûһȥ޿˵ˣ㲻һ𣿡
ʼһ㣬Դǰ֪¸һʴ¡
̧ͷ޵۾شޡ
Խȣһ˿ŭ̧ͷ촽䶯ֹµģԽĲ豭ݺݵĽ£ӡǡһأǽĲˮҲմȾЬϣʶһŭ˸ʣɲճ
ȥ֮ǰ뵽ᷢͻ״˵ٶվĴˮ֮ǰ˵Ļúϴľܹõԭ
£ʣǶĴɣԸܷ֤´Ҳˡ
´λ´֮ǰĴἰδû˺£˵㱻ڹУȤ˵ԺҪ޹⽭ɽȴ޵Ľɽ˽⣬һ޲ŴӦ㣬ȥʶʶأԼڲˡ֪Σգߵ˶ܻɥΪ㣬޴ľҪϼ޹㣬£εϴ𣿡
ԽһһЩУγһһεػ֪˵ĶǶԵģطµĴʵԭ¡ǳعǿһˣҲ˶Ҫġ
µ񣬶˵ٶҲ޼£򸸻ʱ֤һΣԺ񸸻ʽ̻壬˽³ç¡
Խǰ£ն֤
˴ʱԽɫԻͣ㲻Ҫ޶֪ԺҪΪס⽭ɽҪǿ׳ǣоͷԣκ¶Ҫ˼У³çʱôİ⽭ɽȥ⼸µĹθˣٷ㳭ʮ顣
Խһ񷴵˿ǳʮ飬˵칦ˡжµԽ˸ͷһûΥ
һԿţЩĿɿڴСǷˣ֮ǰô׺ݣΪ̫ӵ»ᱻؽءֻǷҲ㲻ʲôֻԭΪЩǷҵķӡ̫ӵϣܾһ˿ס
أ˴֮²Թ㣬£ѾŬ̫ӻؾǡ˵ҹ·һ̶ûϢȻȥЪЪڽ̵̫֮£㼸١̫ӻҪдģڼϢ죬ٽɡ
ϷԸҪߣصͷлϵĺ⡣Ŀͻ뿪֮Ź׼Ҫߣֳ˳䣬¶֮ɫˣܻ̫ܵ޹ء
طӦʵСأ
ոոڷϢչš
ָָһԵķ䣬ոն԰οŰһЩԱЩģȽˮȥϢ
ոձôһˮ޹Ҫǲᣬˡ
˹ȥǷˮһԼСܹȥǣ֣Ű뿪ʹ
֮󣬳Ƚ͵ŴˮһؼңĿ뿪ĵǲһˣڵܵȴǸųػ˼ҡ
û°ɣ˵·⣿
ûصԼСԺϢȸ˹һ㶣汻˴ɱһ£ôʹˣһھǳŴóʱôİҲ˵Ļ©Ϣ
ûµģ⣬ûˡ
ȨȥϢ͹Ǳ˵ԼСԺߣ徭û˵̫ƹ˵ӣѾ֪ͬе̫ӵ¡
ѳԼˣǴ֮˷䣬žԼ۵ʱ˼
ε⣬س·ϣûʱϸ룬ڰԺӿĶǰΪʲô⽫ƺЩĩˡ
һֵ뷨ԼҲһϸƺ˵õһ㣬˯ˡ
ڶһ磬ûȹţȥ밲ʺá
˵ǻʱкܶ׷ϣҲû£Ժѽ⾩⻹ǾٳȥΣտɴš
Ҳ˵䣬ȸ̾ϢϧϱӸӡ̫Ⱳô䣬Ҳû취
˵öԣûоƽ֪ôľǰˡԺٽȥǲȥˡ
ôһ仰ûзЦŵͷŮѽĸף͡һŮȻأһܵܵĳӹõж࣬ȥ
ףҽһ͸
һ۹ƺ֮ǰ˳۵ģùогɾ͸аɡ
Ŷʲô£ֱ˵޷
ղ糯еʱ˵ϣ΢΢ţǰɵŮ
ֻҧҧ¶һ㣬̹ףףҺͳ֮ǰѾ飬ǻڻδȷ֮ǰԼҲһԺٳɻ顣
һţһߵͷ֮ǰȷʵ̶ģûʲô⣬Ȼѵʲôʣ΢һ£Ůµʲôõ£ˣȥҪ˵Ц
ôˣѵˣϸǼס
һˣæͣǵġ£Ӳڣ˴εıʣŮἰҪǰŮɻ顣Ů˼֮£Ҳ޲ףʶʲôʱɻʡ
üͷһ壬һЩˣӻǰӭȢŮţƬ̣ʵǳʲôʱʣ
ڳǻǰĺˣǺةСǶ֪ġ

 66 

Щ˰ͲܹͳشϹϵ, ΪصδҲմ˲ٹ, ة, Ҳ˼Цƾ, Щͬ, ̬ҲͬԼóأΪةԼ̫̫ʱ, ȵӵݿҪˡ
δŮǵﲻ, ǿǰŮ, ԼŽӻظʱ, ôҪŮ޳ȥ, ܹ鲻ζ
ӵ˼ǡԽԽá
ͷ, Υĵ˵
һó, ԴĿ, г֪ģ֪ô룬Ҳܲô࣬ܲ˵ΪܵܽһЩѡǰ޸ذ, ô˵һӦѳǳص˼ԳڵݵλôҲ༸ֿǡ
أã̾˿Ů˼ҲѾ˼ȥˣҪҲû壬뵱Ǹոնʱ˽¿ѻӺ󣬲Ҫ̫ȷ˳ػû˵¶ȴڡ
ѽҿǿǡҿǺˣٺ˵ʱûи϶Ĵ𸴣£ʱ⡣
صԼСԺ׵ķӳ¶˳ܳɡóҪôؿ˵¶òΪԼ޼ޣϾ޸ɡ
ɼҪӵиʱڵܵߣɲġΪ˴ĿģҲ벻ôˣҪôᣬǱɡ
һᣬ׼ӣظȥ׺ͳ֮ǰһҪȺͳعͨˣ¶ˣ׸ô
ҪһȥģȴڸУȨҲûţҪ˵Լݣô뱻
ȻûϵôˮԼ˯š
ؾɽȥѧãᳵ·䣬һźѾ߶˳ȥһߵǰһѽѡ
ʱżֲ⣬ʲôôҡ
ӣ˼ϣѯʵ
µĽ͹̸ȻܿԼ͵ģᣬǲ͵ܵǷֿǳɻûǰദ
ѻȫ˵꣬ڻ̲סЦ
ջҪѰʲôͷǰȢţֻܹһҲã⻹û뵽õɣȻһжˡôԭ򣬾ȻֻΪܵܽһЩزɸеԼܵܵסľжǡ
Цʲô׼Цȥס죬ģֻġ
ûٷŵЦȴɻס촽
ЦЦĿֱɿ֣¶ŭ飬زЦ˼ˣһ㵽㸸ȡչš
ĺɱ˵ôôΪ顣
û϶˵꣬Ҫߡ
زһ˻ȥ˵ʲôҲҪѰ˼ǽηûſڵšȥҲʡЩʱ䡣
һǰһԼķȥϣ̽ԴֵԵĵ̣ȻһϤӰǹ
ѡԸŵƺǳӳ͡Դﲻֹţ˻ͳˣĴŹΣѾϣѵ̬ȣȴ֪ǱǺ뷨
ǻĸԸɹͨ˼ҵĹ𣿳ػڴʱǶϣѾǸ߸ϡһô˵ǽĴС㣬ɶ԰˵һ㲻ʲô˵ǽҵŮ
ڹҲûУȻǿϵġ
أҸոտˣͳһ顣
ƿǰͷĳ˵ֻͷҲûصӦһŶ𣿡
ͬĸĵܵܣƺġ̾˿ʵ֮ǰ˸͹ֽ࿼ǿǣҪǰ棬ͳӹãȫûϡ
ģʣµı㶼̫ǡ
ȹ񣬳Ǽ򵥸ɴö࣬ǾһģҪȥģҲ⣬޹ء
Դ񣬾ԴһδСڳصɱСһ
ʶŹʱģ͸赼Ȱ˵ջǹԼûжֻЩпˣ㲻ô
ؽ󣬳ţѾˣԾȥһةฮة౨ƽ
һ·ϵةฮʱǳ緹ʱ򣬺ةȻڸгԷ
ةе̬ȣͳʱȻͬصҲûϰߺة
̫ӵ̫ƤˣǼûˡǵҪط̫ӵġ
ةչ﷢£ʵѾ֪һţٴ˵ϸڷָһЩ
Է·ĿģŲҪأһ㣬ʵҾ֡ϣϵܹ׷鵽һЩǺ«ﵽʲôҩ
ڵҲ벻Щ˵ҪɱǣֻŻǣ
һ̫ӵز̶Ҫ⼸췢Щ£ϱҲԲϡ
ةȴǰڰ֣ΪȻͱôˣȻû׷£ľͽȥšڻ߰£ҪμһǾĪһӻϷԸһ׼ûǻϷԸȥ׷ɱֵ·پȥǾǶ¡
ةڹٳӪ꣬Ϊ֮Ϊ֮û˱ڹ̫ӵϮ֮£õģ˶ܵǣãֻ̫ӵ£һػ˵ںة࿴ѾǻʶƵллء
ʱʹԽ糯֮󣬾ֱ鷿ϰڷŵ̫ӸսĹΣⷭһ漴¶飬ʶǸܺõι֮ţֻ̰Щúụ̀ܽǷɳӵСҲɲ
Ը˽̫ҽԺĳ̫ҽоҩţ̫ӵ塣
̫ӻ̫ЩŸոջع޾ҹЩԣ̫ҽҪģ̫ӺúõӣԺ⽭ɽɾͿ̫ӡ
Խһȸףɶų̫ҽ˵ʱȴžѹ̫ҽĸ˿ȥͿʼоʺ̫ӵµҩš̫ӷõҩʳﶼǾϸѡϸϸõġһĲףΨ⵽ϵ𷣡
̫ҽһ뿪鷿ֻʣԽһʱ̫ӵĹΣٶ˼
֮У̫ʵʵԼ޹д飬ţųһǵ÷ϼ칦ɣһź۵Ŀ֣ⶼһˣ¾ôһֱд飬һ̶ûͣƾС첲ôܵĲ͡
ּȰͣЪЩܾ˴û֮£ǵø㷣ٶľҲӦõģԽЩʶӡԽá
ڹУҪ֡ʵ裬ѱȷΪ̫ӣϣڸʵУΪı죬Ϊûѡ񣬲ֻܱѡ̫ӡ
ڴʱ¶̲ס̾ԸһЩī֭ⱸãʡĥʱ䡣
ֱʮ֣һ飬˿ɵαϡ
֣ڹύһѣ˵𣿡
С߳˸ĸźĹˣ½ύˮǿأŷָһգͻһ춺Ȥĳ
صµĻһƽûйеǲܽģ²ǻȱһ֮ǰҪţԸ⣬ѳİԺڹУҲȤ飬Σѧ䡣
ֵĻéٿѽôû뵽һ㣬ˮֻͣСһ꣬պÿΪİԣȻĿǰȻǵЩǽСĵܵܣסڳظϣϵҪ򸸻ˮİƺҲǺܻƵ顣
һĴȣд飬ּûԣֿʼдڶ飬ǰҪеëʣȴдʵֲҪӱҪЩѾ鳭д꣬ȥʲġܹǰɣһϲָʹӦ󡣡
ֵƻȥͷ̲סҡͷ̫ӵѽɾ̫µˡڵңΣǰʱֵ֮ϣ̫ӵȻúֵλټĻʹֻһӵ£СǣϾ治һȥɲµ
ڹˮв֪ڹС飬أϢһգ⾫Щȵλѧûɫĺǽ;зСú⡣
ؾһֱ˵ţֱ˵ع֮飬ؾ̲סǸոյĿĵأûô棬˴̿ͣȻҹϻؾǣ
ˮͷûʶʲô⣬ǰ
ɽ񿴱һԼСܣ˵ôζȥ氡ѧϷӽĹ¾ʡ
ɽؾһЦѧиϷӣرϲѧ£κµȷʵߣÿÿѧ˯һԸϷӸǼڿΣҲԸЩƽĹ¡
ܽһˮһ˳ȥľɲϷ˵ЩһȤȤҪ⣬ǿǲ㶪Ҫг绤ǣǶû
ˮǱһ£̱ϣһ̯˵ĺûʲô˼ǵܹÿȥѧ飬ڸҲûʲôԼ֣ϰΡ
ȤԺҲúڸţ֪ذȥö˶˵֣֮ÿѧΪʲôΪԺܹİȫΪԼܹȥ棬ȴİȫڲˣ˵ʲô
ɽ˵һһ۵ģٲȻмƣҲǶСܣŻ˵仰˱ĲϤˣԸ˵
ˮ˵ĵͷٲҷλسգҲ֪ʲôˣس죬ûں׷ϣƽһ·ﾩ£Щ׷űȴ׷
˭֣СС͵ûô࣬˵ֻҪܹƽصǣǾǺõģˮֺʹ˵̫ӵСʱȤ¡
ؾⲿֵͦĵģ͵´úãһ£ֵھûȨûƣԺҪܹǵöʶһЩȨƵ˲źãģǲֻųһ˲ǣ˵ģһҪǵİҲӦǸ
ؾ˵⻰͹ԳĽǶȺ͵ܵȫһԴȥ½ѧ֮󣬶ѧѧر⣬رЩԸϵģȥദ˽⣬Ȼ˵ʲôôպѧѧضԼһΪ                        
лҪ˵15ղμ硢ϸһ¡

 67 

һ, ԭһѧеٮٮߣϲļ, Щ˵Ľ, 벻ǲύѣ˵, ǾԵİһ
˼Һúú̫ӵദ, ǵڹͨգܹ, ػ˳ĸܺ͵˵ϻ
ˮίͰ͵ģ, ؾһ̾Ϣ, ׻̫С, 򵥡ͻᶮڵ뷨
, ֵŽյĹ, ˮһȤ, ܵԺ
ԱԼ, ѧҵ棬͸ǲҲϵһЩ֣Ҫдֻͷ۲ѡ
簲רϰ䣬ʵ˵Ǹõİ, ڲȥѧãɿĶأиʱϰ̵Ľͻ
*
Żûлָÿս̫ӵϰ䣬һ죬ר͹ʽ̸͹Ļ£֮Ŀ˺һ˵˵ȥ˵Լ᲻ոϻûõŮޡ
Ϊùģû˵һŽ̸ϣõļƵոѡ㿴ۣӽ֮ҲʮԺ
һ⣬δŮ㼱֮ͣǰ˵һӭȢţһӰʱ̵ڣĪǳȥʱ䷢ʲô飬ʹǱճɻ顣
ǸˣЩȥʣųҲͬÿڣҪǴ࣬ǹӿ飿
ǵҵҲûйᣬѡǸӡ
տִ̫ˣ֮ǰƻųɻ飬ļױû׼ȫͶʮպɣ˼ӽȥ졣
ЦԹ˽̫ţҼûʲôˣպҸϣ⸮һﶼױŰͺˣҲرšҶĵģҸһί
س滰˵һѣڼϲЦտٿһ˵֮ˣϵĲãи׼Ƹ񣬸ðģܼǱȥš
֮ǰڳʱĶǺˣסŶģҪԼȥޣںةҵܼǸ׵ġ͹ܼһ˵ʲôܼѾи
һϼƣˣʣµ飬㽻ܼȥ켴ɡ
߶Щˣ˽һ£Ҫϸţ˰һһã
⸮ΨһûģǹĴǡ͹ʱǲߣһ֪£ܼѾʼڲøĺʹ
˱ʾȣǶԴ²ûʲôȨмѰ˵õҪúöôҪޣԺûûٺദ
ôţǾﲻζߵԼ鷿תһȦһС˶ȥ˹ס
ϲԼĲ֮飬ŽС˵ݸ
ǳСˣһµСôץоᣬ˵ҲмذɡС˴ͷβ̻ʮ־¡ͷϵķ٣ŵܿ
磬ǡҵģȻѾȷˣʡ
С˿´ģǶǰľ֪ʲô
ǿСˣǲᣬȴǼᶨĵͷԣ͸㡣
Сͦɰģ˭ѽС˵Դʵ
ҺСʱĸҵġ
ĸףɵץСˣѾϳǶϲٽĸףô˵Ӧǵĸ
ٴοСʱпûмĸףϱûУⱲͬûлᡣ
ĸ֮ûмͲˡôĸչ˹һʱ䣬ȴδĸס
ĸ͸Ķð͸ңЩᣬǰС˻صϲ˵ĶرǱ䱦Ķ
ȴԸջȥްɣ͵һ⡣ļױиΪٰ죬ĸ֮ǰЩױһ㹻棬Ҳ֪ܸЩʲô뽫͸㡣ô꣬ãĸĶҲӦ㡣
ô˵ģޱûƴǣС˶Īû뿪˼䣬֮ǰԺܵίʱؼңҺ͸׶Ϊ
ͷȴڳظʲôί
ǰһһƢôˣڣƺһжˣñǰӳأҲ΢ȫǰʶǸֺ꣬õת䣬ڼģ˵ʱٰһų
ˣػһУͺͰķ˿
Ժʣ¹һعסûõӡһվŵĺʱʱһۣȥʱͷװʲô¶ûһ
ʲô˵ɣҴš
С㣬ū˵˼ҵСޣôѾΪޣѾߣáͨҡС㣬𣿡
µѯʡ
ֻʹѾͷСѾߡС㿴ֻǸԺɨѾߣԴˣһֱܸмĿݺŴ
ȷʵˡ
ûз񶨣ٿźѾµ뷨ⲻ鲻ԸӣҲҪġ
С㣬Ӧò׼ū澹ȥɣٶʵ
úЦҵճӣϣҲ㣬˭ȥأ
Ͳסͨһ¹ڹǰŹȹǣǻС㣬ūôչ㶼УǴʹѾߣūҲĸԸģֻܱܲūͬѾߡ
㻹ӣЦŻŵģֱǶԳر֮Ыô
ūôӣֻū澲ͨѾߡū¡ʵи磬Сһ𳤴󣬱ū澺ܺáūΪūֻΪˣü˵ܹȥū澴ûҪʲô󸻴
Թ˵һµĻҪˡ
̾˿Ѿͷÿ࣬ʲôʱ˵ҪͨѾˣ
ѽ
õ϶Ĵ𸴣ûĨᡣ
ҴûҪ׼һͨѾߡҹȥҲֻǡΪҵѾߣźҵճӣ֮ⲻҪ
ûٶٶȥҪˡ
Ĵ˼ôܣʱسϰռҼһӹò̫ԣȻ±⣬Ҫ˵檣Ҳеġ
Ѱ˼ҶȢϱĹӡسǣһ˼ҲûźѾߣСĽûЩھסһʱ䣬ϰҲϿɡ
ö˶˵ģƾʲôҪͱ˷Լ๫˵ʲôڣԼ岻ʱ๫ȥұŮˣʧ˳谮
ǣԼߵѾƳȥӦ๫Ѿ߻ǱŮˣֻԼߴѾߣƿذˡ
ػһ˼뱾ЩϲЩټСǵ˼һ
⼸춼æµţٰ¡ĲľͰźˣ⻹˽֡رڻн̵
һҲû޹ˣȻ֪ЩȵǽְһС˵ŷ޻עʱûзӦ
ֱſСӣ滭һŮǻ桢Ƕʮֵ߳ܣǻᣬ֡
С㲻øеţǹҳΪŮ˱뾭Ḷ́һʼȻе˼ʵǿԵģǧΪ߶ܾ๫
ֻ߲ͣ˵ʲôȴԼ˼˵Щʲôѹûȥ
ϻģŸոտǻ棬ɻ֮Ҫ
ʶָԼĴĿ
ֵ棬ûٷǱСӣҲ֪ҶǺߵģѸ˵˵꣬ͽС
ʣ¹һʱɵĿһ۴ͷŵǲӣڻǹʹòϣԺҲҪģЩ֪һЩиҲá
һҳոַǻҪֶˡ·һٶҳСÿҳһŮȵĻ档Խ󿴣ǵԽԽӺ֡
кüԽܣǿŶԸҲġ
룬ĹĻⱾӭǵ๫
ʱֻԼûʲôѣǸѻ鸾ˣܺ˵˵Ƿﻭǰ㣬Ҳùһ˼롣
ͷţȥ÷˾еСӵڵϣܿ콫ͷ£ⶫҪǸ˼ţǿҪġ
Ϣ˼գſʼ̵ָ̫ϰ䡣Ÿոյһս˵̫ӵҪˮİҡ
رʼ뷨ʱܿף̫ӰֻһӵְλǸ̫ӵģ㲻ܺһᲢۡ
ˮڵͣǸúúѧϰԳʵԼ̫ӵİýѧþܹרָ̫ѧʲôѧʲôѧãǿҪ̫ˡ
ֻǻϰеǰʻƺ̽̽뷨Īǻ϶ˮ̫⣿
˺üֿܣϻش𣬡ˮ⺢Ǹѧģ΢δ޹ĸĶӣ͹䲻׽ܣ֮ܺãҽǽӵҸϣΪ˷չǡ
Ƚ֮Ĺϵż˵ԴµĿ̫ӵγκˮ̸ֶ̿¼Ƕ֮ϧĸо̫ӵ²ҪԼࡣ΢Ҳ޲ɡˮ϶̫ӵ£ܵõõĳЧ
ԽãôЩвҪ׽̫ӵ£δĴʱΪѣǶṩԺܵõĻرԶԶֹڵĸ
̫ߵ˶Ϊ̫ףǼа֮ˣԺǣűߡ¶û취ƿء
ˮȻŰ꣬ɵ׻ǹˣĥϵ
ǺةСκة࣬ȴҲγء
գǺӴơ
ô˵Ȼǻûþ

 68 

˳ӵĴӦ, ûоʹ¶ԻϽȰ˵϶ˮн, ˵ٶ, ֻû϶ˮɡ
鷿̫ӵµ޹ȥˡ
Խָ, ˵, ûйϵ
һ΢΢ūãǸ̹, ˵ʱ޶Ҳûرټˮ
˵, ûٶ˵
˵, ̫ӵˮİ
, صһ仰ʵ£¶ϲ֮ɫ, ѽ, ʴӦ𣿡
, ΪʴӦ, óشˮһͬ빬ء
ֻҡͷڿǵУҿ϶ӦµһὫˮУҪԼ
Լ¶ֵǣѵһ, ʸò᲻׼ɣ
ûü룬Ѿ׼˽Ҫϰ
רϰ񣬳صҲŻܹ׼ˮ£ѧ棬ˮʱѧıҪһЩˮ˹㲻ðϻظٸˮСһˣ˵ʡʡʱ䣬ϻܿճЩʱ䴦顣
ڶ磬ˮһĺͳһ˹Խֻˮ£óȥ̵̫ϰ䡣
ˮͰ͵ĳȥԼһ֮ϵĻʵ۱¡
Уʱ˿̣Ͼս
յĲɣˣʵܲĲɵӣֻýͣϢһ
̫˵鷿˵Щʲôأʻ᲻Ϊˮֵܣ
̿Ŀǰ̫ӣøʲôƵģ֪ģΪϲˮء
һϢʱˮ˴䳡ߡСһ棬Ĵк
ôʴӦ𣿡
ˮ˶µģ׽żһҡΣеʵ
˻񣬴ϣ֪̫ӵϻҪԼ¡һϾûô˯á
һ磬ͽ˹ϡޱȵԻϵʻҲ֪úûǲãʱҲû˵ģ˴̫ӵ¡
Ҳ֪û˵׼ǲ׼
ʵش𣬻ϲ˵Ҳʰ̫ӣ͸ǹ˹ˡ
йĴ¼ûκηԸ¸ǲԸ
Ȼ˹գһϰɣǶҽ̵ģɿдд裬˭Ĺá
Ҫʱ䣬ˮѧĸһЩȽʵ̫ӵ£̵ĶȽ϶ࡢӣûÿڻͨǿֻһš
ˮڳطʡ˲ٹһôƣۣˮ׼ʱźҵ
ϵ˼ѽСˡƣСӴţԺÿս̫Ӱÿա
ƤӶ÷ɿ죬ϵķԸ˵֮󣬰ϵƸ˳ˡʣµųȥˮ͡
ƣ֮ǰϸһǽҪеģǽˣҲȥ
Ƶݵˮˮ¶Ŀ磬һ죿
еԼոնʵ壬öģǾϢ˼һ²죬ǰس̵ѧͽһ»أô˾ǣϢӷˣ⻹Ǹ̫ӵµģһ̵ѧͽ
ԣ죬̫Ӱ̫ÿնҪѧϰѧ䣬ҲҪѧ̫ѧʲôѧʲô
ɶѧģˮ̾˿Ϣ˼գ͸ôĻ컹һ˿˿Ŀģлܹ˵ӽȨΪԺ·һϢʱô٣ˡ
ܲܲȥѽ
ԴҪ𣿡䲻ʵ
ˮһסͣɴ۾͵ĵͷԴȻҪģ˼ҪǷˣϻ׷Σסˣʱٲ˵ʲôܽҪùԼ
һͬһͬصˮһֱصԼ䣬ʱѾصУһΣûа£
ˮɫ˶ûбܴϣȴˮǻϰˣһСƣվͿԽ
ؾһ򣬡һ°ôأ
磬㲻֪ԭ̫Ӱһ²죬òҰ
ؾ̲ס˸ۣضԶйԱ󲿷ֶֻ죬ͺͼܹ̫ӰѾϻ£ĸ֣㻹ںϢʱ̫ˣľɵҲ
翴ҲʮΣٴαΧˮҲұԹһ䣬Ҳû˵ȥѽСΪԼ⡣
ؽŵƸ嵥º͹˵һ¡ܹ̫ܵߵȻΪе˵ģֻԭЩ޹ȥҪһµܵܣȴû뵽˻û޹ȥܵܵ䡣
ԺҲˣõȵ죬׻ǵܵܵǰ;Ҫܹ̫ߣԺǻᣬֻҪ̫ӵ»ڣܹ鲻ͨһ㣬Ҳûʲôɼƽϵġ
мվҪˣûо
һ֪ĴɣʵùЩãȻʲôģҶôˣһ۸Ҳɣ
˵һ̧ͷضĿЩ飬Ѳɣᱻ۸
ô˵ﻹܸܵأʲô£ĸһôҲɡ
ԼС̣ԳȻûϡɴӦҵģȥ㸮ϣһվɡָѳ֮ǰԼ
ղĵͷСѾͷƬӣûȤءĿɨǰ΢΢һ꣬ˡ
ǶǰɻϢԴ̶֮󣬺ܿҲʹ˾ǰյĶС
ĴС㣬Ʋʲôˣǳھǣ쵱˶֪ǺةС̫ӵµʦ϶ǿء
Ҫǣһùʵ뱳汸ĺжھʵ㣬вý˶ڴƷˣǷȢڶλ˻˵檡
ϧŶûܽȥ꣬ʱǲ˼ˡҲΪڳغ֪£Ѿ˾е˵ףȥңֻϧǣֺòܵģʱҲڶˡ
ҪɻϢܿȫ飬ŹڽϣᱻƷͷ㣬ۼ
ͬھڵϺ͹ȻҲ֪£һ뵽ӣҡһ䣬Ҫ˺ةϱǽһʣŮôûĺԵ֡
ͳ£ва
ѵڼϢգƫƫ߲ͣ߶ѯʡ
Լªķ䣬¶ҪԼȥʹѾͷûУټϾڶ߶
ҲţܹЩӵȥƽյӣҲǹˡ
¶ѾͳˣĸײҪżܵи̣Ǹ˵ģֻҪܽ˺Ŀⲻôࡣ
мְʾζ֮ǰͳʱȻҲ뽫ӽԴǼ䣬ĸ׿ʮġͷζǸţֻųȥ˵ĸס
᲻ʲôѽ
ӶûȥЩ
ĸףҪ˼룬˷ִ磬ǧȥӴӣá
ǣҲһֱôѽԿĻ㡣
šǷƲѣ¶˵ıһãôûţԼȥϴˮѾõ֤ﻢ£˵ųܹãܹ취ӽ취
ܹ鲻ʱ򣬰ϣٷڱϰɣǰԼһѹڳˡ
Ǻ
ͱڸУѾղƾôڰǰధ󣬰ᡣ
ĸףⶼˣգҲ÷ҳȥˡ
ȥȻȥС˼棿Ѿ˵㲻Ҫٺദôǰô绨ѩ£ĸײ㣬ǣǹΪ˺㹲ܶʱĻźһΪԺҪٻ󡣡
ԼӣʵΣҪǻ˱ˣʱͼҷźõ˵ô࣬ƫƫԼӣöִ򣬱ֻöЩ࣬úý̵
ԽԽƣ⼸ÿĸʱĸ׶⼸仰ʶһµģöҪˡ
ûҪȢҵķˣֻǰҶ𣿡
ϲĹƫƫû취нţͷҹҪ󲢲֣ãԼ㶼˹Ϊӣʲô˼
һִ࣬࿴ۡ
ģʹ˵ŮӴˣӲˣҲٹĸ֮飬ΪͷŮˣĺ
ڲŶƷ˶ûȢţҪҴţЩŮ˼ô룿õģԸŮ޽Ǽ𣿡
Ȩ֮ң檲ûʲô˵ģ˼ҲȢ֮ٿȢҵ⣬ӵã˻ûȢţҵȽӽԺ㶨ף˼ҹʱŸŮˣﻹӦ
ҪȻĸȰҵĻ¸ˣЩˣ֮ٽӹ븮ܿ˰ɣ
˶ΡֻҪܹӹ븮ڸٶһӣҲܹ⡣
ڿһ泩һЩ˼ңɻһܳɵ˵ģ˵Ҳµʱ䣬ģºӾͲôϲŮˡ
˽ģôϲĶһӣҲͿʼϲɣοŮˣ֮ǰҲûϲˣһӣɲ͵࣬ʱѹһѹҲ㷴Ӧǿҡ
ĸ׸㰲żǹĸȥһ
Ϊ˹ԺܹȻûоܾȫŰȢʵЩˣǹӣʵϧѣһεεĹӣôҲġΪҲЩɻ飬Ȣ˷˽ţźЩӽС
һ磬ųͳš
ͷȺѾãǶ˫˫˽֮ȥˡ
æҲһӣýηǰĽߡղܷأ˭֪ɿĸӶһͬţǼҴҵӣҲ֪Ҫȥ
𣬱ȥǽηӣҲֻܹĸţԶԶĸһξ룬ں档
ȵ˵طηҲû߽һսǴ£ǮվӿԶԶš
ͳĸӶ˽֮һۡǰͣ£ͷ˳ӭǸ缫Ϊĸˡ
ǽȥ֮󣬹߽һЩһŷϽ
ϽǰˣΪ͢²ٺֱͣڣȻӳɻ೯͢Աʮ־أڳ͢е˿ûжϹ
ȻͬΪϽɾʹˣ

 69 

Ͻ, Ҳúúõʰһ˿ð
˽֪, ϽԭһһŮ, Ӹսɳ, һʣ¡Ϊ͢Լһ, ԼӶˣ϶һֱʮ𾴡
ÿʱڼ, ˣͼ˽ӽ, һü硣
ҲΪʲô, ʹӳôЩ, йԱһʮ־η
Ͻϥ¾ʣһڻǴ޹, òᰲҪŹĶϱ
һ¾뵽Ĺؼ, Ȼųһ, Ϊ࿴, ˫ͨ˳Ҳܹۣ¶Ҳͳˡ
ļҲŵԣ˭Ҳûռ˭ˡ
߬ȭͷָָ, ƤҲ֪뵽Լ֮ǰĸڳȴڻϲϲȥ˼ҵĹǱ˰ܡ
⾩ܶ鶼סģ΢©һҼһ֪
һ뵽ԼûнѾȥұ˼ҵĹ࿴ʱ˳ȥ֪ҪôЦ
ŮˣѾܡʵڳܲЦ
ײײܻؼУϼʧǵӣһҲ֪鲻ƾôѯʣشƳ⡣

ڸɢ߰ĹҪ뿪⽫ȥһۡ
˵ҲͬھǣǼ޳ȥĹһ㲻ڣǲģο͸״Ĺϵͨϰ꼴ɣҲر᲻ǡ
ЦǣСԺûȥȫյ˿գ߶߶
񾲾ţǰİԺӣһطȥأŷֽ⸮ۡɴš
ûз¼ܹһǡĵĳ󣬲뵽ĿһеĴСƢ̲סüĸ̵ĺá
С㣬ǳԺȥˡ
Ҵǰͷ¡
ǰһƾɵСԺ濴źû˾סԺܶҶɨ
Ϊʲôܽ
ūҲ֪ոսʱܼҾͽˣ⽫ΨԺӣ˭ܽ˵үǰСʱҲܽȥ
˵ţ͸Ӻˡ
Ҳܽ
һūǲܰɣȻСͷȨ磬ڸʱū澳֪һЩ
Ժ࿴ۣ뿪˺
ʱǰͻȻܳӣżҶΣȴʮ
С㣬Ժӣá
ͬĻ֮ڣĿת֪ܳˣǸļҶ𣿿֣Ƿ֮
Ҳܽ𣿡ʵ
ǰӣȭԲС㣬үˣ˭ܽģүҲδ
عûӲתԼסСԺȥ
ԭֻڸһߣû뵽侹ⲻͬѰ֮ö˶˵ôͰһԺӸ˽룬˵Ĳýǿ⣬ǣǶûʸȥԺӣΪʲô
еĺ汻ֱ˯ǰ¶ܾʲôܡ
ڶռȨеǰǸһСԺǲ˽ģ֪𣿡
ȨҲûĵͷ֪ġ
֪Ϊʲôʵ
ֻ֪ܼ˵ԺǶȥãүԸˣ˭ȥԺӣҪҷãǶģԸû˸ҽȥ
Ų裬¶ɫ֮ǰ游װҲôʱ䣬Ҳ²Ϊβ˽ȥԺ𣿡
ôʣһҪ֪𰸵ˣȨصǰȷʵ֪СҪ֪ҿСȥ̽һܲʳЩʲôүǱߣС㻹ǱȥΪãүһԸ⿴СѰס
˼ǾܾȨĽ顣
еСܣȻмֺ棬ȨȥЩǱˣǺΪһġǱ㲻ֵá
Ȩ֮һţ˼˻ˣ¶ȲҲաԺ뿪⽫£Ҳ̫Ĺϵ
ûãͷˣǸͼµģ֮ǰѾ˿ʽ˳ߴ磬͹вʣȥġ
ʱִ٣Ҳûൢ飬·ýԼԣŸոպãΣûԣֻȥ˵·ܴ·¡
ѴС㣬Ư۶Ľ
ȴƽҲΪͳãֻһӣ˳µİᵽȥڳɻ¶Ҳûʲôرĸд
ǰĸʱԼСÿ׬ǮȻ࣬Ҳ㹻Ů
жʱ䣬ҲĸĻ죬ֻЩС⣬ĸģƽСӣʵǹĽȻƽȴܰҸ
һ£һʱĸŵʱһ뾡취ƴȫĸѡҪҲؾǡؽ
ûʹҲлܿϵݺ͵֮ܵĽ顣
ĸվǺһһ
С㣬С㣬ʲôأһ̵ģֶˣΣûлӦ
ڴӼг뿪ǰĺ뵽ո˵ǻϲǵ޵ʱҲһ׺ÿļ¡
ֵĿ˵⻰Ѿ˺һˣСʱŷӦɼոȷʵЩʲô»ھǸȥСԺɡ
żֲ룬ϻлллС㡣
ͷҪҸСôݴ˵ӣǲˣֻҪͨѾߣСȥԸ̷ҡ
һȥÿҲûţȨõĶҪϲģǰʰˣʱһ͹ȥ
Ȼһ޴Ķ¶ҪʵԼϲҲЩ˼һһѶȥ
񻷹ܣƺûʲôرģ͵Ľ׹͵Ľ⣬͵ġȥߵĶЩֵǮĻƽƷоǹǸСˡ
ճƷȥǱ߶İ裬Ҳûʲôرģʱǲһ£Լûô˼ڿţȷʵҲûʲôҪЯ
һһϻӣЩﶼһһװȥصľصǸ⣬ðʱ򣬿»˺Ӱɡ
ȵ죬һռ٣׼ϻΡ
컹ûͱ˴ӴϴȻϴ£Ȼ󱻰ھ̨ǰͷױһµͷβڷ䣬ȫµһ׽Σһȱǳ͹ġ
ѡĿʽΪÿ۸ҲˡźһϴʱԴģȴϲġ
ؽʱеж࿪ģɽҪ뿪ˣǻȸԾĸоܾòйġ
ǰǰú˵һỰͬһԡ˵䲻࣬ԿóǶĲᡣ
˵Ÿ˵ĳ滰ȴǰѹ˵òѡóĽӡֻĻơ
ĸ׸׼ĸȥ磬ҴĸģϣܹҸ
ûǳķŻҪһЩ
ʱһӭ׵Ķ鵽˽⣬ϺͷסĴֻ¶°͡
˷һ·߳ſϻǰͷٿһۣȴԵýסˡ
ӴҵС㣬ɲܻͷġ
ֻסĸ첲ǰ滨ߣСע⣬ͷš
һ˵ýһְ߽ͷ
΢΢߽ڣת¡
ʱһģӭ׶漴ʹȥ
ڵĸۡʹܽҾֵĽֵϡĵӭ׶һ·ȥܱ·˵Χ̧ۡƸ˾кüʮټϴӽͼױģһ𣬼Ҫռ˰ֵĳȡ
·ߵǿʢӭ׶飬дĽ˭ҼŮƣھҲǶһݵˡ
Ƕ۷׷ףӶԹСʮֿءСļױƺҲ٣˽һһһŮŮҲûпһ֡
ӭ׶鵽֮졣ǺѲע⵽һˡ
˳оαŵϣߵǰ
ǰ˵Ľţܹжϳһӡ
ɹٿԱ½ˣ·Ͽɱͣһ·
ǰת˸£ý˷ִǰͷ˵ļϡ
Сɷˡ
Ǽָųصļȴûпȥýһ˵ţһһѣһȣſڳصıϣ˫ɷס
ȵؽһһţͨͨšеܽӴомֲʣڴӳ·̲Զߵ˿ȵĽڵϡ
˫մ˵أŸо̤ʵЩ
ŵǺة࣬ش˴γɻ飬ѹû񣬶ֱúة֤ةĵȷȷĳˣҲ޲ɡ
ֳҲûжٱֻͣмھǽύԸ񲻴ѣԷΪףȫǺةѺͬš
һ飬Ҳˣ˶
̣Ĳ࣬ݹãݹأ޶԰֮㱻ͽ·еȺ򡣳Ѿߺһ·˵Ĵڡ
кֱͣϲܹճʱ
ֱȵý뿪һקǺͷ磬Ҫڷһֱϣʱر׼һӣ׼ʱġ
Ըѻҳһңһţûļҹ컹ſӵģ˼ҹɶǸֵģӣߣ֮С֡
ѻҳݵС㣬֮ǰǽֽЩɼסˣָʵ
һָ֣СӣһǶĹһΣûٿЩʵǲĿǵǵͦģǣҪѧȥġ
ѾͷùܵƫҪܡҼûסθɣ
ŭѵ˺һ䣬ͷǻӡ
ƽױѵˣҲίǰүģչС㣬СĲܺˣⲻСһĳڿӣȵ϶ҹʱȴ֪ദ

 70 

һĿǻ, ģӶ˱ȳЩӡ
ֻǴһ, ͷ, ѹͷʹƫƫⶫûȵع, Լժõġ
, 춼Ҫˣػط䡣õıͣ˵Ǻة, ѲЩһҪȾƲɣ
ЩɻԳصԸ, ӦòϲЩദةѶǹٳ, պѱ𵽰, ڶύһЩѣ˵洦
ԷΪٳδΪ, ǿһĻ, ּ
ǰͥԺ, һסĳ, ǽһ࣬Щ˺һûףһֹȥԼ˸߰˳ɣȴһ¶ûС
κ, ɹǱҪһ˲еģⳡҲܸϿͣǶǺةѣٲԸ⣬ҲøԼ游һЩӡ
Ÿպ꣬Ǳ˰ȥһһϲűϲһҲֻͣȫǿʶ
ȰĿߵĺة࣬游ⲻٺˣٺȥҪġ˵⻰Ǳة
ةֺǺǵЦһʱةһµǰ棬ˡ⺢ӺȵĹģȡ
ϺͲˡɹٺȾƵģ˲ĵĻ׽ųغȾơ
ôˣô㻹Ҳʸ𣿡
ةŶԷļֱӰϵһߣߺȱȥˡ
ػλԴʣµʶоҲҪʧˣľƱԶĹܼ֣Ǵܼң˹
үʲôԸ
һط
ص˵
ܼһⳡ棬öɹٵĻةˣһ³û˸үȾơ
ܼҲųأһ·һµ·ͷƿţĺкһѾͷүȥ
վڴ߷ŴͻȻܼߺһˣŤͷһԴĿڴܼҼͷĲᡣ
ܼƺΪ˱ӣýͷæǰסءסʱûŹܼ˿ֻǱţһ·
СĽ£һǸոշﻰӵĹ
ŲŲóλáظһ£Դһξ浹ȥˣһҲһԡŻŵվȰĿС㣬޴룬һա
ȵô࣬ˣִ˴һ£۾ͱˣôûһ㷴Ӧ
ȥˮȻûźʿľ飬ҲǼôģ
ķԸϳȥˮˮ˽󣬹øӣˮ˽š֮󣬸ز˰˳Ҳһ顣
˯ĳأֻʲôůůӹƵ۾ƤӳĲУҲӲ˽䡣
Ƶĸоɲ̫ãһµ²ĲʸСߴһŮˣˮ˳ȥȥЪŰɡ
ǡᵹڴϵĳأ¹үĿɲᣬСһźù
ûµģȥɣЩϢҲˡ
ѺȥϢתͷŴʶˣˣִһȷϵ
ûˣҪװģʱҲˡǱ۾ǰƽš
ˣŷ뷨
վ˿ϵĳأôҪǳ˻飬ޡҪǽȥչˣƺЩ׵
ڹĹ˻ﻥϿɵǰȽЬˣڵϣڲƽȥ
ϴĸ첲ŲŲλãѾ˲ٹ۵ͷ󺹡
һԣȥ·ŽҪ
˭֪ʱͻȻһѹסĸ첲·ûѹסˣӣûĿ̲꣬סһ䣬ôء
ֱѹ£Ҳ鲻άֵˣĶ
ٴսЩ߶ţˣҸѱӸϡ
˵˵ã˵ַ꣬˸ĸ첲ɣæѱӳϡЬѾˣ·Ѳȥ
ñ콫ذ֮һ޵˿
ϲֹһ죬Ϊͼ飬±죬öóһڴ࣬ͳм΢΢Ŵľ롣
Ѵ̺֮󣬹߹ȥ̨ǰ£Լһ˰һװȡ
˵ʲôһҪȵɹժУضԼչ˲ˣĻоժڡ
֮ǰֽĻúЦж֮ĿžԼԴϵķڣⶫƺòΪ˷ֹ䣬һЩӣҿţ׼ӵλãȻͷһһţЩȡ
һĬĬŬصĸʱͻȻоԺױһ£Ȼ֡
ŵһͷ֮˾ȻǳأողĲʡ£ôһ¾ˣɰŵģΪвɻ
ֻҡҡλεְԴϣŷԱߵĿӡĶᣬһûаŪۣȫ꣬ȡ£ԴϸоѹһӾʧˡ
Ҫ˵ллû뵽ȡ·ںͷҲصľǱ߹ȥһɵڴϣҲˡ
ȵĿǰһĻΣ
ЦҡͷٴӸǺãϵױж£ϴһҲϴЪϢ
űӣ˯˶ԺϢϢأҲֲˡĳڴڴǸůĻ
룬ϲģȻҲһֱ糺ӣƪ֪ôģ뵽ָǱСӣһ뵽ԺǿҪЩߵ飬ЩС¹ײ
ųأŸоЩŮ֮£˳ɻ֮ȻҲͻˣ˼ңôأר̵£Ӽǹġټʱ׼Ҫ˼ˡ
ĺ˿ѱӳһЩֱǹͷЩ˯⡣
ڶһ磬˯ţȴˣȻ̫ľƣĲʡ£ϰ̵̫ӵ£㣬Լˡ
һۣǰӳŵñӽԼͷŵĹ쳤ԴϸһۣǲͷβԴ˱ʣһͷ˿¶档
ᳶһǱӣڱԴ¶
Ǹо¶ȵı仯üƺҪתļ
һΣĸţ΢ЦޡȻױû٣ɹǿůЦݡʮָˡ
һתϵЦݽסˣ˲صصլĸʬ徲Ժ
ոһ̾ṇܼ̀ĸЦݣǰֻĸʬ壬ǿҵĶԱоʹ಻ѡ
ؿڣڵǳصѹȸУѹЩ͸
ʱǰһڰۣİĵطһңЩֲԼģ
ֱŤͷص˯գٿͷϲĲãŷӦոһжΣǰĲʵ
תűŲŲʱոǻҸŽʧ
ϣΨһ
ҪΪܵǵڵܵǰҪǿһЩ
ڳǰҪκαװֻҪԼɡ
۾װ˯ĳأܸо߿˿û㱻ӸţĻȡů
ոͻȻģ֪ʲôجΣδƵġŰ䣬ͻȻʱܵıװ˯Լȴ˹
ʱҪǻоΰɣƤ£ת˼֮¾װ˯⸮ҲûʲôҪȥ밲ʲôģ˯ҲûʲôӰ졣
ſ˻̧ͷ°ͣΪԼΪе߳ܣȻռˡ
ƽ֮Ų˻ȥɫˣױ
ľڷţԸŽźϴ
Ǳ׼緹С㣬ڳԣǵȹүһأСʵ
תͷһ۴ϻ˯ŵĳأȵȰɣҲ̫
һٷܲð£ţúȥ׼ţȵʱϾܹ
µίܵܶͷء
ڵҳԷ
ܵǺͳظһ飬˲ͱȳ˸ߵͣҪóȰѳԵ͹ˡ
գѹû˵ôһᣬȥ͵ܵ˵Ự
˷Ը˳⣬ߵߣһۻ˯ĳأɲҲ㣬ô˯Сһ䣬Űĵ߳ȥ
Ÿһϣſķ䣬ոˣԴǣȥĵܵǣȴҪ˵ǹӣѵ˵ùһЩ˵ôСƵġ
ƣٲ緹ɾûóˣԼԼʰˣһȥ
Ÿո߽ǽĵǻЦģ֪ĻΪǽļҲء
㣬ɻ飬ҲܸųһϢգֵý̫ӵ顣ˮڹŽ
ɽܿѵڻг磬ýнǡ
ˮһ㶣ҲŶͳѾɻˣǷޣǳĽѽԡԣ򣬶˽ҲܶϢա
ܵܵĶԻЩΣɸ飬ĵˮСһֻԼϢգôû̫ӵҪôֵĸã˶
ˮԴѽԺõģôõļ㵱úϧ˼ζβĲ£ɱΪϢʱ٣һԹһԹģʱ̫ӵºˣǲô죿
ˮ˼ͷڹһֱĵģѧʲôұѧʲôЩұȵѧĻЩ
⻰Ǹǰ˵˵ҲͰˣǧϹ˵̫ӵҲҪӵġˮôôòġ
ʱ߽ȥؾһ磡ͷɽˮͬҲشк
ͷһ۳أֽĿתؾϣؾոսʲô
򰡡ؾ̹Ȼ
ʲôʵ
񰡡̹飬һûﲻס
ⲻƽֻԼС˼µĵܵܣⱲӻûлԼһ䰢㣬СĽţֵһԸ㡣
ʹĸĺǲȰִľҪ򶼽ˣƫƫͲĳƺơ
ܵܣɰ˰
£ƵСģһƺôҪ
ϷŲ㣬һӣ

 71 

Ǹ, 糿ʼս, õ, ˸о泩
غ͹һ緹ʱϼ, Υ˵ļͥů, غϧ
ֵּʵ˳صĸûȥѧãһû
ΪԼ, ة϶Ҫ˼٣ˮܶϢա
Թ, ջʱ, ҪЩʲôȥ, ùܼȥ׼
ճ׼ģܼȻǻ׼, ʵǳ֮, 費ҪرٱһЩġ
, Ͱͨ˼ȥ, ܼӦ֪׹̬ȣߺ͹ܼҽһһнȥ졣
»ڶ죬ҪŹؽһˣԴԺ󣬿ҪȵѽʱҪȥͽ
, Ǻ͹˽ǵ˼Ĵʵ̫ࡣ
Թ緹ֵּһֱڹ˵мּƽϣȴҲõŹˡ
ɨֵˣǰǵļϵıһգѹǰûмһɣĹֵܹദôǢҲǴĵΪеˡ
˵ֵܾĿ֮ԴڿǽˣⱲܹúõһ
Լû꣬һȻ鷿ողźؾ죬ᰲؾȻؾƺ첻٣ԭ۵ϣٲȻ˲ͬ顣
˵ʱӣͲе顣
ؾѧˣദ𣿡ؾѧ
ܺáؾ򵥻ش𣬹мֲô÷
ؾѵˣҪôȥѧЩͬǡΪǰƽԺܹﻥ˼һ£ܽ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿȻڿķʽǰͬѵ½ѧѧ֪ʶķӻ᲻̫ʵЩ
ô룬ȴ׶ѧķԷƱϾ½ѧھǿһĺѧãܵܶѧ飬Ҫ˵ѧ÷ӵĲã˳ȥ۵ܵûټѧҵ
ѣǵÿƷԣǰ;ֻһ档ûаѻ˵̫ףؾȴˣͷϿɹ˵
ҪǼа֮ʹٴĿɽõǰ̣ҲǱΪ顣ߣҲǶõġ
ֵڹһ磬ֱʱһԷæһ磬鷿ʱֿСġһֹòԺǶҪԹûȥɣ
֮ǰֵܺǷֿԷʱһ˵ƽʱµʱ򣬷ָԺÿն졣
һҪһɡ
Щͷ۵ÿǰڵĽˡ
ȵԹзؾҪطȥ飬ɽˮԸߵģɽӸקˡ
Ŀ뿪üۼ䶼ЦҪĵܵʳǣÿնܹǵĻЦżִǾҸ
ܹӵһں͵ܵദļң⻹˳ء
ĿͶһŲĳϣͣȢ޶˵Ҳ
еʮȢޣھҲ㲻ʲôϡ£ǶԹ˵ˡ
ǰ¶ģûһĻ׾ͱϺ͹ĵĻԸɱˣһһ̤ǵ֮С
ᣬʱ£ȷʵľʹЩģЩ㲻ôƭ
أллˣҪ㣬Ҳӵ
֮䣬Ҫô𣿡
ؽֱߵĲݸĳӶǰϲȥҵģǲɫҲãҲãܹĿζ
үүˣͷ˺öˣ˵Ǻүȥʻ
ܼҴҴææܽ˸ͷ
ҲǸģͷôˣžҵģټ˵ǳүҪүȥʻûס
˽֪үǳү˽ӣҲûף˺ةҵףԼҵĶӸ뵽˼ȥˣԳү˵һЦ
ص˹ܼһۣС£ô𣿡
ѵ˹ܼһ䣬תͷŹʱˡȥȥԹڼңܡ
վȥ׷סĸ첲ҪҪҲЩ˹ȥȥү㲻ʲô¡
ֱûµġ಻Ҳִ䣬ңҡ
Źܼͷߣһ⣬ʮվǰģѹ׽˵
ѹֹܼҴææɫҡݣһ㶼³»˽Զº֣ˡ
˹ͺͣ⣬ֱһ˸ȥ˺Դ˺֮˺˺Ҳûл
ʵΣټǰܻĳʱﲻɵðˬǰܾðľλǶıڿųӦòة࣬ϵةôһǽӲڽŵ£һ涼û
˽ӵݣȫǰǰ¶ˣ˵ջһЩĿ⣬ɶŵĳү˵档
ȳ˵ԹԵһѾ߸˲裬֮㱻ʹȥ
ֻʣǶʱ͵һӣ߳ŭ˵˵Ľʲô¶֮ǰϢİ˺ףҲͰˣɻִ£֪ͨң㻹ûа׿
ͻȻЦˣЦᶼҪЦˡ
ףҵĶӿʱ𳤱ļӣԸһ㣬˵⻰
طֺûų£֮ǰھ͸Ӳᵣźة࣬¾ҲֱӶ֡
֣ǹȻͺةԣԺةඨùڳϣվǺةϸ׽˻ǣţվںة󣬱ʲôҲõġ
ǴҾˣУԺǧڡ±һ̨£лԼϸԼ½ӻظ
ЩЩͬŶ䳰ȷʵܣԼĶӣƫƫȴ˱˼ҵףȻϥ²ֹӣҲָظգǣԼվǹȥġ
ȴû뵽ص̬ǿӲѾ˵ȴǺ˻
Ī˵Ժ󣬾±Ҳڣүǹҳɻû֪ͨүһ𣿻û£ûеĻҪˣүҲ֪ոոճɻ飬˿ɻء
ҪС
ڳЩԱ۷׷ףסأʱ䣬˵
ϣ˸Ȱ֮ǰأ֮ЩᣬҲû˵ӣҲ֪ƢСͬ⣬ұû취㡣֮ǰΪҵӣסںѾòܲܣ㣬ȴʧȥˣվҵ˵Ҹźã
Ļش㵱ͲȢ
ڰ׵ͷϣֱǺЦ
⵱в׵ĵطʱ򣬲ذҪ֪أǲ׸ӣԺʲô£ҲӲةұͲ¶ڳǸˮݣûҪ
ŬѹԼͷѻ𣬺úõĺǰꡣ½ȥ˭Ҳռźá
µͣҲ֪һҪӣԼ·Ҳûʲôõġ
游̬ȣҲˣүǴ⣬Ҫʧˡ
˵ʱż˿ĳһѪӿҪˣԼ֮ǰô̵棬ڷǰĹɾͰ׷ˣӲɫȰ˵
ƾƤ˵ˣǲ䲻ȵ̬ȣʱףӵˡ
ִҪΪˣ
Ϊеڣǲټ°ˡԺɣҲٱӡ
˵ϣҲʮ־飬ǳ֮ģҲ̲̬ȡ
ããðҪ㣬ҵõĿɽˣһŰ߿Ҳ֪˭̳ӣһ㶼ȫ֣Һ±Ƕûᡣ߰ɣٲ㣬ֻס㲻ףȥֵ˵Ҳӡ
ָܻ
ڽƵĶԻѵվתˣѹģɶôϣʻ˽͡
үΪ˱ȫԼӣǷѾ˼˼Ҳ֪ģΪѺܷء
ȥʱûȥԼһӣֱӻ˼ҡ
Դ˴֮󣬹ЩģһֱȺֱƽϲûʲôԵ˺ۣŷ
£ŴȥүȥʲôûΪɣ
һôΪңǽҳɻû֪ɧˡ
£ûϸֻǼ˵䣬ʵܼûаѸϵ˱㣿
ʱнܼңѸϿ˱Ŀ
ֱɫƤĲӣаһû濴
ܼҰ˱øʱɶͷԣ֪ΪΣܼҲֻͣ˵ү˵ģ
Ժҿɾͽ㿴ˡÿµٺ»࣬þϸСϷŰĿţ˵ԼûסЦ
֮ǰĽ⣬ҪǸϸģͲֶˡ
еЦζ񷭿˱һҳȻûϸҸոտɷ£Ȼÿµٺ»࣬⸮ϵ֧ҲࡣʼðһǺة㸶ӣ֮ճ֧õٺ»뼴ʹҲ֣ٺ»Ҳǹõġ
ӣϸƷƷոԼ˵ǷĪڿ
˵⻨ȥð켸·ؾǣ˳Ҳüɡϲʲôɫģʲôʽģҵÿȥ̿ûкʵġ
Щߴ磬ѡʽģʱͼʵʵЧͬϲȥɫʽȷʵģԺϲ
ڴ˼УƽĹʽȴƫƫϲ
˳㣿ץס⻰еĹؼۣôͳ˳ģ
ظ֣ЦҾһ˵ôƽˣ

 72 

㵽ҪǲҪдһ
Ҫ, ȻҪģͺɫİ, ʽ, Ҷϲ
Ǻɫ·벻ɫ, ԶԶŶడ, ĬĬֹš
ɻڶգǰϰףණص
ûڼ, ǹдǡ
ֱʱŴҴҴ, ѽ, , רڸдǵģƫƫͷһҪȥ, Ѳ, ֻȥ, ˭֪һһ, ؽ͵
Ůģܹ鲻˵˵Ĳǡ
ײý黳ĲԶǽûţƽʱҪҲ׵ġ
ʱһһ, ԹȻסһȴƴˡ
⼸Ϣɻ飬ҲҪȥ졣ǳԹȻȥ
˵ʱǫûһ˿֮⣬ҲһԸ͵ջڼæһգ̫̫ҲǸвѽ
ǼƴǣҲȷʵ¡ȻףͱǿˣпʱʱԹǼҿûǼ޳ȥŮóȥˮ˵ʲôʱǶӭ
ӽˣһɡΪ˸ԺҪǿ˺óԽ˵Ժ󲻹Ǹˡ
س·ϣغȻһ⡣˵뿪ӡ
Ŀأ뷨֮ǰеģֻ˽֮󣬷ʵʩôס
ȣҪͶǮͲ٣ټһŮ˼ңҪӪһӣǱصñ˰æȨԸӣҪ֤ܹȶľӪȥӶϣת飬ǰѵĹ򶼻ǰ
رǽӿ󣬶ǼܹġԼС⣬Щʧ䡣æԼĻ£Ѿóһûµġ
˭˵ģ
¹˭˵㣬벻뿪ӣ
ô˵·԰ﵽģ
ͷ밡Ȼģֻأʱ뷨
ǰӽӴ˾һ鱦̵ϰ壬ϰҪӸ̳ȥ۸ҲߣҲȨᵽ뷨һ£ϰļ۸Ƚʵڣ㸶˶ϰȰ£ȫ֮ٽӣ
ǰ죬ʵϰѾӵ¶ĴĲˣȰӵˣ껧ż˻ϼҡԴųȥ
æŻ֮£ʱϰ壬ȼ죬鶼æˣҲʱӵ¶
͹˵꣬ﾪȲѡ֪뿪ӵ£ӶҺˣ𶼸ˡҪ֧Լӵ˼ˣ
㲻ҿӣͷ¶棬Ӱ쵽;𣿡
⾭̵̻ǮҲٵģǸ̶֥СҲܱȵù󲿷̻Ϊ磬ȨģǮˣȨˣΪʲô˵븻
٣ģҶٻҶϣԼŮȥ̣㲻Ը汲һ;Ϊ͢ЧԸȥѧý飬ĵطЩͳ͢ص飬죬ܵҲ˸ࡣ
ҲǹΪʲôԴ±̬ȵԭ֮һԼԣСļͥĸĽ̵γֹԼܹ׬ǮԼܹˣҲûʲôá
޸֮ǳˣ̫̫Ҳͷڳ͢лǱ֪ͬķھﾭӪСӣǻ⵽˵ķ飬ӭĵĿ⡣
ҲԼ⿪ӵ뷨˸ĳɣټʽҲһܴ⣬ؼһ𣬹Ӷû̵⣬ֱճغ
㲻ùܶûӰ죿ֻҪ飬Ǳȥһȫ֧㡣
ضĿŵ
ԴӾǾԺһֱҪЩʲôϧҪԼ⣬ûҪʲôڽȢԼϣ˳ˣԺӣҪúչ˺Ҫ飬ֻҪģֲ֧ǡ
ǿһӣˣͷ¶棬ʲô˵ģźϱӣٲ֮ʲôź
ⷴӦǲᷴԵˣԼϰռ̸һȥÿﻹûʲôҪõģǰĲ㲻⣬װ꣬Ҳ԰Ѿ뷨˵˵ʱҰȥڿӵʽ㲻õģҵٺ»䲻࣬ǮŲģ游ǽһЩ׬Ǯȥ
һжŵ׵Ϊȫ֪˵ʲôˣǺǲµһܾԺ飬ҲѾƵļƻ游Ǯһ㶼Ѿ뵽ˡ
뵱̵ԼҲôԶӣǿҲÿҲÿˣȻôԵҵΡʽ棬ȱͺة࿪ڰɣҪôӪ˼ΡΣҪǮ϶࣬ŸտʼЩġһġɱһЩģ˼۸Щ
ȻҪ̣ӱҪ𵽵ףһʼͶôӣһ֮׬ܲܽг
£ûʲô飬ô˵ȫûϵ£Ժ󶼽ʲôôⶼɣҾ棬Ҫҵʱһǵøң֪𣿡Թ
˾ϲԼʱԼһ˸㲻ƫƫҪԼһ˷ţҲæһԸģϾĹϵκҪܾ
磬شŹһȥӣϰľȺǵĵһˣڵķȲ裬ˣˣǿˡѽҶѾˣ֮ǰʣµЩôĶˣʣµЩ֮ǰùĹӣӺһЩΣҾߵȵȣǿԿЩҪģҸ£ҪǾЩ̫˲Ҫҽպ˻ڣǶȥˣʡ֮󻹵ýᡣ
ϰ屾ӾӪúúõģҪϼͻȻ£ҪټҰǨȥǲ׼ģΪŰļ۸ѾǹЩӵһѹ۸
鱦ӵĶͬУװ궼رģܶණԽãԭܽӣӪͬ⣬Ǻܻ飬ƫƫǻҪռıˡ
ϰżʱźû̸䣬۶ûôͰҪļ۸ǩԼ˶
ӵ̶֮ϰоȥԼھǵլӺҲʶϰԳʮָмʱҲϣԼܹƾһ鷳
ָָԵĹ񣬡ǵҷԺҷ˴
Ĵİ裬ʵܶණܹõģȫҪȥã֮ʡһǮ
Ķͦµģϰ岻Ͷ°ɣԺҪʲôҾ廹ûãҲŮ֮С⣬ЩҿܶõϣòϵģԺɣôţҲ˵Щòϵġ
ϰ˵һ˿Ͷ󣬱Ҫӣͺܾˣһ룬Ҳ˼ЩҲԺҲǿԵġ
˵ԼҪӪӣвֹⷸ˵ټҷ˻ҪԼ澭Ӫӵģ͹ǳ͢ٺ»ҲԲꡢòģοҪѰһͷ¶棬׬СǮ
ô룬ϰȴ˵ģּ˵һӶûУŻǸˮСǸ˼ҵķʽ￴óѾǱ˼ҵķˡ
ȻˣʣµĶұ㶼ˣ˻ûԺҪʲôӿҲˣ֮ǰһֱεģ˳ҲһЩΣƽʱҲвͻ䡣˼ȻҲŮ˼ҵ֮⣬ҽ˿ЩӻûбֻҪѶڳǱпġҪӹһصģʱٿǳ϶ûô֡
лϰѡлϰĺ⡣
ϰ˵ҲÿӶԼͣˣе˲֪ϢģҲǻվ߹䣬ܹհӿ֪ϰ廻ˣǼȻӣǹ䵽ǵĶҲǻỨǮģһ죬ΣҲ͡
ųغϰ彻ӣдԼĹϸĿ˿ЩӣЩӶǵϰر˶ģرʺڰڷͷ֮СӷΪüÿ߶ֻм硣
ʣɷǴ´ܹ࣬ࡣƽʱηڹƲģǽѡֱӰѹľóһϿ԰ڷźֲܶͬʽƷһѡûǵģԻһľ̸˿
ʵ̫ˣЩȫظá
Ǳ߰ԼӺˣ˻ȥһŰһȥǡ
ûã˻ܶ𣬱ȥˡǱΧˣ֪ڿʲô֣ͷҲûʲôֵǮĶЩӶǹ̶סģ̧Ҳ̧ߣȹ߹ȥֵ档
ԭһͷ˵ｲ£˵£ȥһҪЩеģͷ˵ĸˣǮҪò⣬ǮҲû˵ʲôͨƽնϲ
ֻҪڽͷ˵£һΧԱվͷһ㣬òǺֻһ䣬о˹֣ʶˣǱһˣΧȺһȦ˸һЩĵط˽ȥվȺࡣ
˵ʹʮ࣬ӻףԱ߸һСкеĹǺ͹йأȻڳͣǸ֮˵ģԹȴһδģȻҲ⵽
еĹǸΪ˰飬һеɵɵżѵľأӼҲϲһŵԵĻ£ڶѾˣǹɵȴûܽӼҵļš
˵ѹ˵ޱңܱ˶ߣ˵ӲΣֱǳһ㡣
ɻĿ˵Ϻ˭Ҳֻǿ͹۵ڽһ£ԴǷƽٿֳ˵ķӦҲӵʮֱĲмڹˡ
Ȼûָ˵ǳͳӣ⾩мһú͹йӴйϵˣ㲻˵Ҳ֪˵һ
ǰòŸոպϽסϼҾҾһŮҲò绨ҪףƷãǿĹȢϲʲô׷š
ƽĶۣ˵СȻͦõѡ

 73 

񾲾Ŀܱ˷߷߲ƽ, ﲻɵò룬Ǻ«ʲôҩ, 뻵˳ӵ, СĻ£ٱƳȢ
Ļǰ, ˵ɢ, Ĩڳӣܲõܲ鲻ʱ¾Ͳˮô, ֻΪһˣҪԼ, 뷨, վǲס
һ, Ⱥ߳ص, ҵϢ˻
, ֻҪ˫ǰķ, زȥһ, ǱҲӦ޸Ĵ浵¼ǳˡ
غϰһȥָĹ֮ϰȻؼȥˣһ˻һȵģ˯ˡ
첽ǰȥ, ļ򣬡ôǲǳ̫û˯ȥԹϢ
סҡͷ˯ĿɺãֻģԱ۾Ϣһӣˣ˵Լ뷨
ϰ֮ǰǰ㽨飬öеģϰЩӿźá
׼һЩͷηڽκΣ뷨ͼҹȥ
Ŀǰ뷨ҪԼصֹƷʲôʣȿʽҪӱܹˡ
ǳ֮ǰǿ׹ʵϲ࣬Ҳͼ˻ƽ𣬿ǿʽʮƯҶء
˻Ҳ̲סĿǰΪֹ⾩Ҳûô˴ͬʽġ
Ŀǰļƻžˣ֮ʲôĸõ뷨Ҳٵ
ģѾˣҲ㼴˵ĶֻҪ㿪ľͺá
ǲģɹܲ⣬˱Ҫջ
һȹϣصæˣЩӣȥЩϺͻߡӣ֮ǰʱЩͷõĲƣͷγɱҶʱھ
ֻҪ룬ڶ춼ֱܹӷŵȥֻ϶ǻԵһЩھǣͷ㲻ر𣬹رߵļ۸񣬲سʱͼʣѼ۸̧
ҲܲôģҪ߶˵ƷûʱȥͼȻʦҲһܹõģοҲֻһֿʽ
Ѱ˼ţҲ͵Ȥʱ䣬ڸܸܵиæ춼ڼңʣһҲԼҵ¶ʱǡ
ѶȥͿʼЩͻŪһټһЩӣͷ껨֮ͷΡ
֮ǰسʱǲҲЩǵãȥԷΪҪЩͷ¥ĹҪȥ¥
ѽ֮ǰͿЩͷ׬ЩǮȻȵõؾǵʱûǮˡһһ΢΢һЦ
ʱĹھ͸оһһ㡣û뵽С׬׬ǮҲۣеǼ̳ĸӪĸоء
٣
һûͣǰʮͷΣȴûͣļĲϲ˲ʮ֮һƣҪϰٸء
ǰֻǰڸС̯Ҳ˼ʮڿҪҪЩʽУȻ˽һ㶫ԺǾͲˣ伱ſ̣Ʒǵñа
£û˽ôҲ֣һ԰Ŀæ
ҹѾˣڲϵŬͷΣڻǳؿȥĲϣЪŰɣ̫ˣƹҲ۾׻ģȵ
ܹ𲻴Ӧ֣ǰ죬û˿ԽľٶԼڲ˯£λø
ڳɻ֮ǰ޹ҪҪʱִ˯
»һ죬Ĳʡ£Ҳûл£һҹͬ󣬿Ƿ죬ƺҲûʲôرΪģج֮󣬿ߣЩȫУ֮Ҳû¡
˳ӵѣة˼ռ٣ǷҪȥأ
ˮտʼȥ˹̫ӵ飬ؾɽҲȥѧãǵֻգȻûϢʱ䣬Ȼ뵽ѾǶһա
ڼٽȥգʲôҪæģ㾡ܸ˵
ʵǽ̵̫ѧ֮ҲÿնôæµϾ̫ӵʱѧģʱѧ䣬ѧĵʱʱͿӣҪˮöˡ
˻˵˻ҲͺܿϢˡϲ͹ȣϣһֱûֱ˯ۣͣһƣͲߣֻһˡ
·󣬳ȥԺһͼֻһ£Ժһһʽʮϵ˿ǳѧꡣ
վһԿãҲûȥֱطԹۿͣкȥǰ˼
ÿοܾúͲ̫ǰʱҲ˵ĪǴС͵͵ñ˸Ƽˣ
ؿȴ˵λشǺã˵츳ƺҲ˵ȥջǴŹŪȥ
ϵ֮£Ȼ̫ھᣬ緹ֱһѲϣطֹһʱ䣬һٶͷΡ
еĿʽͬһЩϸڷıٰɫһֿԶԶҲͬĿʽ
ʱ֣ܼܵͬһʱظȻһԵģܺ͵ܵһ÷Ŀ֣ΨضԴ˲̫Ӧϰ˶ͻȻһӶôµҪյʱӦ
ˮ˵Ҫھǿӵ£ʮ˷ܵΧʵ㣬ԺӣϰˡǰͰһֱҪһӣԺ㲻öߣϧҲûпɡ
ˮСɶԵļ仹вٵģСʱ߶ҪǼǮܹһӣҲճȥ汼ߣиʱչǽĸ
һ㣬ĻΣչǵʱ̫ˡʵܹϾͨ˼׬Ǯѣܹһӣŵȥ׬صǵӡ
˵ԿӣƷˮֻԼʵ̫ͨ󣬺ûʲôܹѵõģ޸֮ôӵһӣԺദʱ䳤ˣ᲻Ὺܶܶ鱦ӣ
ˮһԼ֮УͷԺɵ˫֣ƷһܹܵЩǵӵǲóġ
ؾɽҲһͬϲ񣬡ҪҪǵĻǿԺѧǱٸһռ٣氢ǿԵġ
ɽǰҲʱҲйʱʵ飬ڶͷ¶桢ȥľٶöˣܰССĶȥгɾ͸С
лλܵܵĺ⣬ôۣҲܵܵǵѧҵǰ̡
Ǵʱ䣬úòöԼԼҵģýǾͱˡˣҸǶ³ߴ硣
ǰܵǵ·ߴǼǵõģǵʱ䣬ֵܵǶЩˮǻˣٰǰĳߴ·ǻ᲻ʵġ
·ˣøˡؾҲû룬;ܾ
ȴϹǿƣôϻ극ߴ磬ٻطȥ顣
ؾֻװͰ͵ӣǰʱӡ˼˵ദˣԸ඼ԽԽƣɹż޸缸찡ôѧࡣ
ؾûٷرǰӲƶ졣
ֵ˳ߴ磬ߴдֽϽǻһٸһ飬ȷû⣬ŷ뿪
ʣ³صģĿһ£иŵġȻųǰȥĸ첲ȺΧȵȡ
׼ȥ𣿡
ǰյÿվȥʡ֮˸ûʱ䡣
΢΢ͷǰߴ춼ڸϣҪ·αҪߴ磬ȥʱͬڲֱ࣬ӵԴˣ
Ըߴ磬żнӴָоϲûж˵ųߴ硣
ȵڶ׼ȥʱû˵͸ͷ
֪֪һȥվͲߴˡֱȥԱȥ˶ԳߴҪʡ¶ˡ
Ҳû֮ǰ鷿飬һ¾һûʶܾóӦкܶæûʱһйġ
һһȽϴĳ̣ͷвٰնţѡš
˶࣬óڵͷţȥ䣬кʵٽȥ
ؿһŮ˾Ӷ࣬ԹԵͷתһȦܿͳˡȥһҿɣҵɫǺܺÿ
˵ȻǸܵѡ·ûкʵģڳأҪ򵥣ֻҪɫǱģĸﶼС
һӣһҺԵģ·ɫŶϲ˳һȥܵÿѹףֲͬɫɫϵɫֻǳټϿʽͬ׺֡
ʣ³أһż׺ɫѡϸƣ˲࣬óذһ¡ֱ漴ɣʾͳɡ
ؾһ·ףȻ˻һ
׺񶼲Լ·
ǾҪװɡޱˬĴ
ʲôû˵ǲԼֹһ䡣
һۣȻ˵ֻҪϲҲ̫ˬЩûѡԸ
ǮǵҰѰ·װ֮󣬱ɺȨһͬš
һǰ䣬Ȱ·ͻظ
˲ǲȥ֮ȥǰϵӣĲһ
Щ㲻֮ǰ
ؼЩ죬ʵ
ǲͬĲϿһĻ֮ǰĶˣоǲ̫ôӣ˵ÿ㶼ˣܵ÷Ÿһɡ
һ߽ţһ߽ѡĲϵݸƹģƹļҲǸˣ˼۸֮ͷĨˣŻЩ
ҲҪԺܳø۸Żˣס˵ЩĶֱ࣬Ӹ͵ȥͻȥȻǸˡ

 74 

ȵؽϢʱ, ȥ̵ѧʱȻʮֿĵġôЩûм, Щǡ
ؽһȭ, Ҳһѧõģƽʱõ, Ҳٳֿȭ˲, ʩչоЩ衣
ϧȭ̫ȤˮҪѧǰʹһȭ֮, Լϰտ, ͱ鷿ϡ
δ, иоʣ
ų, Խ̬ΪѺáţҲմ游Ĺ, ϲŶɫ
лϹġ΢δʲô֮
ո», Ƕڼ, ̫, 㻹ѷģĪҪиˡҲ֪Ӳ̫áҪҲΪǿ֮࣬ʲô⣬ҲܹԱ
΢΢ͷ, Ż⻰Ƿʲôİʾ̫ӵҪ֮ǰҪһЩǰ̫ӵ²ô߶ʶƫЩϷģ΢ᶽ̫ӵڼ䡣
Խ˵ʱ͸żֽһҼϼΣɵ׻ǲ纫ةǰ˽ϵ˼ʱûкةߣǶһ
ҲûģҲ࿴һ̫ӡ
ؽŲ̽һµ̫ӵ²ŵԵɣȻڹһжʮģЩţ̫ƽʱʳҲעƺûʲô⡣
Ʋ⣬ҪôԷû֣Ҫôȷʵ̫ӵڶЩ
ʹͷڱ׼һʱȥ˹
֪żСѾ£ЩӣһֱȲϵ˳ͣΪҪܾġ
Ʋסеһӳǰȥһѣ֮ǰôӦҵģ˵ҽأȴżС㶩˻飬Ҳܲˡһ˵ţ͵
վһԿһĻʵЩΣѰ˸ͷţ˵˵
㵹˵һ仰ѽ֪ЩΪ㣬˶پĸ׶ٴΣҺżС㶩飬Ϊ㣬ĸѾӦˣֻҪȳ˻飬֮ٽͬġֻЩĸһֱҳ㣬żСǱ߻ʲôӰҵĻ£ڻѾˣڶѾˣ׼ҳ㣬֪ġ
׽֣ѹԼǰһ£ûѿҲԼ§ڻ
˵Ŀɶģ
ǵȻĸ׿ڴӦҵģȻһȥŸ
ôһ壬ûô뵽ԼлֻҪȺһʱ䡣˵ҲôԽܣ֮ǰѾˣʵǲͬ޸ͣ˶ΣҲΪҽţС檣ͨҪȵƷ˽֮󣬲ܹţǱ˷飬ôţҲΪ
ôţ齥˵˻ỰϾþöûлýǰȥһڡйŮһңر֮ǰнӴˣЩ޼ɵ
һһʱŻؼңȥʱѾ뿪ֻйһˡ
߽ʱֵζҲǸˣһ¾֪ոշʲô
ھ̨ǰױĹʵιǲкϢˣ
ûзϣ͸ո˵Ļתϱ㿪ĵЦˡ
ѽεˡ֮ǰأӶȷʵͦĵģû˵ʲôʱ
õȵСɻ֮һҽšЩίѾõĽֻҪܽ˺Ҳˡ
ĸŮδϣһԼܹ֮Ϻӡ
ͻص֮󣬸ææµµڸ¡ô죬ǲòһĵģֻҪŵȥӭȢＴɡ
ζŹĸζδ飬ӭ߹ⲻģһӣɱżСˣҪסԺķˣǹڶŮеһҪֵ˭ҪɲΪ˹Ǻöϱ
ϽļǺӶĪİ׼ҿɵﲻãиʲôʧҳ˳ˣǱòʧ
֪ˡ͹ɵӦ¡
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ҪԼߣȴֱסȵȣⲱϵĺʲô£
ʱ俴㣬ԶǱӶҧµĺɴսһƣе㲻񣬶Ǻʮܼ
һţһȥ½ϸ鿴ֲǲӣǰҲкܶ㡣
Ҳ֪ͻȻеģǲʹҲ֪ǱԻʲôͺĴ
ȴأϸЩ㣬֮ǰȷʵţе˳ĳʳͻȫǺصΣǶܹȫɢȥ
ӴСôණҲûʳرСʳǸϳڸȫǴСԹ˵Ŀζɫܻ⡣
ʹˣǰѹܼҽȥǱհŵķﶼЩʲôʳģ޾ϸҪд
ܼҲ֪˺£ɼԼҲʲô£æȥѳӽйϸһ
ⶼüˣҪ֮ǰ˵ʳȫдɽǳΪѣƾŻ佫Щʳһ֪ܼңдֽϣдֽ
ܼҽЩʳֺдֽŽϡһЩѰĲɫûǳǰûгԹġųʳĵ⣬Ǳɻˡ
ȥơҲû룬ַԸܼȥ˴ϸƲɾһӣ˵ǳһĺ㣬ǵ˸ͷ˿Ҳǽŵġ
ͱط䣬ȴ£һŴĵ
ĸôôţ㲻ʹģûʲôѽ
ٷϻ֪ʲôúôţȴˣ㿴˵
иõĲ룬ԼƽʱҲûȥͷòᡭ
Щˣû֮ǰȥҲһ˹
̫ˣȴ֪ǲŰļο
ڳУҲֻйͲ֪סĸڵʲô
ƾôʣҲ
ֱҴҸ֢״֮󣬴Źȥƹ֮󣬴û˵Ŵɫԣ㽫еһԡ
򣬵ôˣʵ˵ĪҪҡ
Ǵֿһ۳ͣүһƽʱʲô˷ͷʹǽģԳҲϤųӽʮ꣬Ѳ֮ͯھǻĵʹ˾£Ҳš
ʶһۿĺ㣬Ѳ²⵽֣󣬻ܹȷõĿǲ֢֮
ʵĽҲţʵʵ˵Ļð˲񡣡ڿ»ǳڣԲûиоκβʣֻ˺㣬ܱ֮ĵط֢״֣ܿЩҩһ£Ҫ˵κãĿǰû
֪⻨ûҽģֺֿݣѰҩﲻʲôҲǼЩʹˡ
¶ʹ飬ЩŴ˵ʵתԼĶӣʮ갡Ÿոտʼô͵ֲ
ǰҲ˵ùƵĲ֢ûܾȹȱƺϾҪȥ
Ŵ棬ʲôҲû˵ôȻȥˣҩûԴ»żֽҪѡҪú˼һ¡ҪǷ©ȥǺɾͳˡ
ˣǴô˵ԶҲû˵ʲôǿ飬ǰ˾Ųʮһ
źۼĵ˵ͷǱʲôػһ£͸û뵽û뵽ȨƵˣĸǻƵأ檣ȻǻЩӴŮ˶ЩôͬҲ壬ôͲǵֲƫƫıꡣ
ף˵ζʲô
ͼĸص飬Ҳסĸ㵹˵ѽ˵Ҳ˵ңǿɱҡ
ʹʱЩҡǵǶص⣬ʹøĸ㵣ǡ˼һ½
ԵģҪٿЩиĴ򣬷˷ģʵ͸¶֡
Ҫ㲩һЩʶһҽĴֻҪӸ㣬Ǿᱻй¶ȥ
Գȥһˣ뵽ɽ֮ǰλ˵һޣֱʱŲòʵ
ûʲôЧƷӣ
ƵķУЧ˶죬еκãеˣβáⲡʵǲ˵
¶ɫ͵˱Ͼѣ֮ܲǰרŰ˿ЩЩȷʵܹκãɴ󲿷ֻǼĲʡ
ȸ㿪ӣȥץҩŰɣҩܺùûȡ
˽£ȥ¸һǮǱܣǴӦ
ʱѾѯʡ
һҲ˵ʱĸ˵Ӧǵ˺صĲȻαҪ
ºͰ˰Ѵ֮󣬱ûлȥ˻صԼ䣬Ϸţڴ߰Ĩᣬ
ôãƫƫǶȾĲ֢˵ҩҽֻӻ飬Ǻá
ƫƫ£Ǽҳ󲻿ҺԼĸκֻܷϷŻߡ
ˣȱżѲ˵ЩҲܹεúõģȺȼҩ£һ۶Ӿãоأ
´ʱҲʮֻңԼԺҪ˼̳УڶӵֲܻܲǸδ֪ԺȻ˳صӰֹһӣ滹һѪǡ
ǰӲźͳ˺СƢĸͷţƵģķкةҲǲס
ʱ˽ͽ͵˳Ҳ°õҩ˽ȥͶϵķӶһֱҪĪ˵ҩⷹҲԸˡ
ҴҸҪȰԹԳԷɼ̬ǿӲ˱ˣҲ˶ϳȥӣúĸ˵ⲡúúţۣǶȻȥˡԺѽĹһЩⲡܺá
ĸ׵Ǹ˵ʲôˣȴԱڹ
ص̾˿ԼӣʵǸоݣֽʣֽд֡
ùһʱ˰ء
ĸ֪࣬˺ú֮⣬ʱҲ취żСĻǵȻһˣǷҩЧֻҪ΢ƳһЩɣҩЧ󡭡ֹ

 75 

ֵΣ׷ʵ
Ͻ׼, Ǻ᲻ɡѻԼȡϵʱ䳤, ˼С
ոպͳĽ, ҪϽٳɴ˻£պ, С֪, ʱҲȫǶ֪ˡ
Ϊ˺Ϊ߼, ôҲͱȥġôϧԼĶӣҲΪԼǱ, , ԺԼû
ҪȰѶӵĲ黺ס, Ҫ̫죬Ǵ򿪵ķ䲻֪ܲ, ܵԲ֪
ĸ׵, ҩԹԺ, óԷʱóԷ, ĸٲˡ
źѾֻ֪Ǽˣúҩȴ֪ʲôӷԸǾ͵ðҲźˡ
Ϣģ¶֪, ΪǱ˽գˡ
ǳ
ͷ죬ŰĲ϶ɹҵƷͷΣһЩ廨ɰһЩСޡ
þûоֶ˲٣ЩСʱ̸ģû뵽ʱó
Լľ̵С͸øǶ۸ˣü۸ź÷ŵȥ
񰡣ھǴʱ䳤ҿЩһʲôۣ
ͻȻйȥСôƷѣСǿǽ֦ҶԼôЩҲָ֪ͷû
ûϿЩƷ鿴˹ָʮָЩ΢΢⣬ǻãûʲô˺ۡ
С㣬Ҳ̫ˣŶ೤ʱѽණ
ҿ۸ûҡװĵһֱۣľ񣬡ƣЩǮ
֮ǰͷΣ֪۸ģھһĸ̯СǼ۸һЩ߰˸ܶ򵽡
һЩ˴ĺɰ֮ģϸļ۸
ǼµĺɰϸƣС㵹ҲǸģһÿɰ涼žµĴͼϸĶǱȽϼ򵥵Ķ̫ʱ䡣
忴ǺɰͦƯġֺɰһӴɣ忴ɰĴ帴ӳ̶ȶС֣ƾū澾ĸҲ򵽵ġС㲻ȫžӵļ۸ѽϾСģҪҲЩ۸ȥۣɲ㡣
Щģɶͨ˻ͨ˼ҵĹģ˼һܹ׬ʮǮǲ棬С㲻һ̫̫ķĶҲǵļ۸ȥҪЦġ
С㣬ûԺרЩҪÿƷҪԶ֣ǻӵģ˫֣ϧѽ
СŽ飬ͷĽʾϿɣ뿼֮УԺȷʵд˿ǣֻǳӪҵȰѿʽͷѻֽϣҪЩĺõģԺͳһȥһ
ŷģȻСѾ˴㣬Ǳ㲻СѾϹˡ
ָʣµһЩʽЩҲûôģ˵۸
֪м۵ľͰԼ뷨㶨ۣں񱨵ó۸Щɵļ۸
˵ûܲѧ˼Ǳģʽ䱡Լ绹֮ǰÿʽ޶һ㲻ˣĻƷܹ߼۸
һѼ۸д֮󣬹Ȩͺһȥ֮ǰϰѾɨֻʱһǹ滹ǻбһҳ
úȰÿӶһ飬ľˮָ͸ԺٰѴľһİڷֹƷḷ̌һŽӵĵһ㡣
ԤƵĲ࣬Щܰѹӵĵһʣ¶ֻȿˡ
Ѷڷ룬˵ϢһȨͺ񶼻վţкһ¡
ԺӣÿҶ࿴šȨƹģƣдһĿˡ
ûʲôҲź˵£Ȩȴһ顣
ڽڴС߱㱻ʹȥò׵ȵС޵Ϊ̫̫ıʲôְλ˭֪һ룬ûʵȥжֱС㰲ŵƹġ
ƽĶۣС̬ǫͣûжСļӣڽʱÿ¸в٣СָһЩ
ҲܱȵùЩܼҵģ£ûйܼô͹۶ԣСʵռ˱˵ģԼУһƹȫ׷
Ժ׬ǮҸǷֳɣ׬Խֵ࣬Խࡣ
ȨЩԸֱӽеĵʱõģֻǻûкǶϾӶûܶ鶼ȷ
ڼȨƺ̫ĵӣ»˵ǰͷá
Ȼ˵ÿжٵӯ˵ֻҪӯǵ¾ͷǮ
һԼ£б룬ǽһġ
ȨȴǿЦõС㣬ҲҪǮ
Ϊˣһȴȫ޹أ뱧ֻܱ֮Ժָоܲܡ
ȲΪǮǾΪȨʵҲ֪ЩС£Щί㣬ûҪʲôҵȻҪܰԼСӹãҲһֳɾ͡
㵽Ϊֹû˵Ȱ˵Ļ˵ֵѪɱɱĲãܶ˵뷨ȫһ
ûܹ˵ȨһѡĻᡣ
С˵ǶġҲֻ˵һ룬Щ浱Ȼûֱ˵ڡ
ɣⷽҿţͷǱҪˣұƼ㣬ɺã
ǿŤĹϲȨ״̬ȻǲϲСǿֻĲôһ˵Ȩһ˿мͼСڿˣ
ʱǵ͵ûʲôףʽֱѡӣţ˴ڣȻõҶȥǿ̡
ӸΪƷէһֹӣɽͻᷢĶǹϲĶ
̵һգһֱںûгȫǿȨƹĺͺһޡ
ΪĿǰĻƷֵߣ֮գúľ̶ڹ棬ѡ
ǰϰͽ䣬һͷֲԾԭεģȴΪһЩ˵СƷ͹Ҽ
Ů㿴˿ĶʵǰϰأǻôĶһˣ
һ׹ڿﶼûҪĶﲻЩʧ䡣
һЦӭ˵Ķԣѽǻϰ壬ƷԺҲһЩΡΣֻΪոտ̣ƷֻȫȿЩûҪģ廨СɰԿ幤ɺˣ۸Ҳ󡣡
ŮʹԼʮ࣬˵ʮСǽһҲΪɺһһĽţеŮ˶˼͵ͷѡ
аɣСѾͷ˵ҰŮɰ˳ץһѾһͲȥԼõġ
ڽҲǼģŮ˵Ĵ´籾Ͳƶ˼ҵģټȻǰϰͣǶǾвȱĸ˼ͥǻȥõİɡ
ЦлŮˣѶװãǮֱ͵ſڲ۷
ſûþһ⣬̵ģÿǮС㻹ܸһЩĥƤӣҲðٳѽ
ں̨кʱûһ˿ӡӦԵ˵ӣ֮⡣
ԭǫõԸ񣬻᲻᲻ʺ⣬ŴȨƹģҪȨܹܺӡ
ڿƺֺ顣ӦõԣúΪ
ţҲٶ࿴ȨڹӺţǮתֱ㽻ȨһʱʵİĶǮ˱ϣÿһдʱ棬˶Ŀ
¿ţÿյ٣ʹ˱ҲԺĻƷԽԽʱû˱Ǳ㲻ˡ
һʼͽ˱淶ãԺ˱˸Ҳܹܿ콻Ӻãһ㡣
æ˴գϢʱʱӹˣһͬظ÷ԼϢûٳȥ
һ翴Ƕ˻ܹӿ˺ãԼȥȥģӰҲ󡣵Щʱڼú룬ȥһЩʲôɫƷ
ȨһȥƷһʱ䶼ֱʱ̻Ȩ˱Ҳ˻ڷǰͺ͹񽻴˽յս
ʮͦģԤҪŶ͵Ŀˡ
˺˵ϲ˲ٿˡ
ȨɲĹͣôģҪԺºܹһǿԲƹģ
ҪһӣҲԼд˱ǮѲд˱㲻ˡ̺д˱ѣѵǽ̺д֡
СΪһͣĴ׬ǮѧЩ򵥵֣ǽܼ֮Ұ˽̵ġǣ˱ⶫݲǧƪһɣǵҪʶúֲܶС
Ȩ̾Ϣ⻹ضԶ
ֻҪһûˣȨ׽źʶ֡֡ż￴ֺۣܷıȨд֡
ֻҪпһ̻һĺͻЦǲװģĺϲͿǽͨƷǮһ̣ʮгɾ͸С
ȵգֹûȥϿţһڼСֹ
ϰúа˼ϰ嶼ţһտʼͰȫŸˣ
ΪĲ£Դӣ˭֪û죬˦ƹⲻĴ·
Ȩͺ˰ӴͦãǶֱǶģڸ벻ͬĿʽ
Ķص˱Ȳ衣
أ⼸ΣڹһжСˮڹʲӦѽ
ؽӹĲ豭ô⣬͸һ裿
֪ƶ죬תһǸ⣬ѽ
ǰϲصóһݡ

 76 

زһǸ, ¶֮󣬳زش⡣СͲõ, ̫ӵ, ڹԺúȺã˼ٵĶǿ
мֲ, ǿˡ, ߽֮󣬲ߵ˵ţҪ˵һ̫ӵµİ, ûôģƫƫ̫ӵ», ֻҪ̫ӵһֱ, Ժǰ, ȫõġ
⻰밲οģȴ˼
Ͼ̫ӵһ, ʧƣ
˼һӶ, ҪȨλ, ȫûоߵ, ܺ˵ֻҪܹ˳̳лλ
ʲôܷ˵Щ֮硣
ϱӵ£زô͹ϸ˵̫ӵµ, һβʲô仯ܹҳ⺦Ǹˡ
Ҳ˵׼飬͸֪ˣǰڽڹ飬һ֪Ψһϣܵڹܹƽ˳졣
Ʒ
ոһˣԼսǮ䣬ëմЩīϸļˡ
Ȩ˫ֱȭվһԣȻԵõԹ
磬Ҳ̫ˣС㰲һӣ鶼ƵϣСտˡ
ҽʶ֡д˱ûӣ㵹Թˡ
ƶ죬ֱץ˸š
ڳɶأ
߽ȥЩϿһȦ֮ǰʽ˸ˣʣЩǰʣµģһʱȥˡ
С㣬ĻƸҸˣѽⲻ
ίͰ͵һֱ⣬ٿҲûԹԡһ뵽СӯһЩԽооԼֻ࣬ǻر΢һѣɶū澵ԴǺܲġ
ƫƫȨҪѧˣ˵Ժڵʱû˹ҲԼд˱Щ
ȱ˭Сԣɱ̫ˡ
ӣҲֻΪ˽һ֮Ҵ뿪ˣȨͺ˼۵СۣջǺʰ֮ǰûмˣꡣ
ʱأȫûǰӸոպżС㶨ʱϲա
͵ķֻźѾܹɽ˵ûа׼ܹķ䡣
⼸ÿն׼ʱҩһζû£ҲûûתǺļԱ֮ǰҪˡԼҲоȫǵʲô֢
ʱ򣬳ڿʼе¡֮ǰһֱԹģΣԼʱȻԹĸ飬Ҳɡ
ڴĿյķţĸײⷿ䣬ԺҲ߶ⲡȾˡ
ⵣµģҲûһ˿Žһǳһڷ˽ȥ
סڸͷһֱû֪ͱ˸͵ľӪȥŴˣĸҲ˸ץؽ˴Ρ
һʱ壬ʹ伣Ĺǣе뿪ǣ˼磬еתȥ¥Ӫ
ȻЩûйϵˡ
˼գǿⲡȫûкתۿɼڶ񻯵Уûð취ֻȥϽ˻֮¡
ϽһӢû뵽ԼŮᱻ˻飬Ȼŭɽңٰ㰲ŵֲ֮£Ž¸˳ˡ
ôżңϽѾˡ
޲͸֮ǽҵĻȡ£ջǴ˳ȥ˭˻飬Եɲ֪
ϢʱЩ֮ǰ˵õģȢżС֮ͽȥżСĻȡˣܽ
Ȳ͹ҪϺȥʸ˭֪ڴͱҶˣƾô˵ǵļҶȥҲӦ
㼱ˣںſǲԸ뿪ʱȥǼҶ˭֪ǼҶʱƢҲһѣһƱƵϡ
Ļţ̧һƴĥƤѪ
һ뵽Լ֮ǰѾϣͻȻһδֳδ֪ʱȹϵϣ侲
Խ룬ԽԼίˣરવµ㲻Ҽӣұⲻˡ˴һﶼǺô۸˵ġ
ȥһ㣬ǼҶҶһƣ»˵Χۣʧ˺ӡ
ֻȰԺԼȥһ벻ģȥΪŮˣŮɸΡ
һԼܽȥҲˣϵĻҳżҶ˽ȥ
ţȥһɱܡ
ͷԱ߻أ˵ûĸԺ֪ȥġ
˺һûͣȴǱ˴
˵Ҫͣ
˵ʱǸ߰ģǰСϱһ㣬˵ʱࡣ
գһȦûŻسĴţȴײʧǵĹ
ιûбֳΪеģײʱ򣬺ûϳƵġ
û°ɣʵ
ԭûйĽ飬ӭײˣİˣҲ˵һ仰ǻ겻ӣ˺ܴĴزڴϣĪ˵ײˣǰҲײ
û˵ֻǶĿŹĺݺݵĳʹţΪĸҲΪԺעҵ
ʱ򿴵ȻûǰһҪȹľͷ
ȥһС
ԳЦЦһû˵ܿǰˡ
ķӦе⡣Ȼǰ˵ͺżСĻȡˣ˵Ӻöûг˵ŭ˰˽գɾΪʲô£һ㴫ԶûС
ǲصôضͬһ㡣ʱѾڲ룬Ƿͳ͵Ĳйء
صУȫû󲻶ѯʵϡĻڴߣһɣ˫ĿĿǷɫᣡ
ں˵Ļڶǽ
ڰУǸԡˣΨͼļŮˣ˵Ϊҡ
ֻҪһ죬
Ȼͳټ棬ֻ벻ͨΪʲôϴγѾӦĻ£úõôȡأ
ЩǼᶨһЩ߳һڻûôʹ˰ɡ
عͷȥǰֻԽʹ಻

 77 

ڳ˻һ, жţǶûôϰ, , ˡ
˵ڸöûгţ֪ǲǵʲô񲻽, ûʲôӦ, Ҳδٶԡ
ףʱ޶࣬ĵ׳, ͬĸĵܵܣҲϲ, ֻҪǰ, ȫڡ
ӵӪ, ֲʮ죬Ѿ˽, ۳ĳɱ, ׬һʮ, ⻹û˹ɱ
ý, ֻҪ۳ŵķֳɣʣµӶԹһУţԼҲܵһٶ
ӪٶȣһƺҲܹ׬Ժ, ǱȽġ
Ǳ߾ӪΣûҪҰæģ
ԼӪͻȻӵ£̲סЦûãûпͶĳɱСǮ׬ˣϰģЩ̣ź粻֮࣬˲ٿˡ
Ӫһãѹƽʱ¡
£ֻһʱڼӴþôӪҲеġ
ϵû㶮ö࣬ȻܹӪԼ⣬Ǳúȥɡ˵꣬Ȼڹʱةᵽ¡
֪㸸׺ʹ类ϰȥ֧Ԯ߽ս֮𣿡ãȻҡͷż˵ҽ游˵߽սңǱߵĽʿ㣬޷ֵ̫ãʶϴһڹԱѡ佫ȥ߽㸸׾У˵ԶӧҲһϡ
Ҳȥ߽֪粢ûʲôʵս飬ֻ飬ƽʱڸż͸̸۾ս£̸ֽĹˡ
ôϴһȥ
ʼ磬ǾҪˣһҵĻᡣ
ҪôĻҲ˵ͨ
ֻ˵̫ΣˡսϿɲ˵˵ô򵥣ͻ״
˼ţһʱҲûٻĻؿϵ߶ͣˣ㵣ǣ
ʵة˵£ҲҪȰȰ˽Լȥˣ÷Ǵ϶ӣһʲô£ǹ˼ҿɾ˼̺ơСȥսܰﵽʲôæͬе佫мֵĻᱻкȣŹ˺ةæȰ˵
ûдӦةȥȰ˵һ֮ϵԶʹ͸ϵҲû쵽ȥľķϣߣҪӽҵΪ⣬ȥ
һ˵ҲֻΪ֪飬˶ѡ
ã£˵Ҳû͡
ȻǸҪģǱȥɣϣһƽ˳
ȻʲôһһĴ󽫾ɵ׻мʮսɳϽˣһСսңӦѲġ
ܹ֮ôģ޷Ϊһ޵У˳˳ˮûʲôΣա
ǲõģ״ţҲڳ͢ռһϯ֮λ
*
ǽ
³֮󣬱ԼУľһ˵ԭ뷨Ҫ볯Ϊ٣ôõĻᣬ˵ĽݾֻҪսܹһس֮󣬼׵ľټıСְλԺףһһƽռҪΪǼ򵥵öࡣ
ȥһŲСķգ㵱Сġ
һ䣬æȥʰҲأԻطȥ
һ游׳Ҫ´ͣЩӡ
뷨һ˳ǣʿǹĺţһ룬һλ֮˲һֱ̤;
ԹͲݣû취ֻܱܣһ·ŹǽòϵĿףж߽ݾʮֲͬ
֧Ԯ߽Ϊ˽ΪֻǹߵһΪ͹ӵĹϵûкЩһ·ȫ̺͹һ
*
ʱһգ֪سԱ߽սʱܹ˵һЩʹûкة̸Щ̫ӵߣҲܹһ
֪˼Ҹû£Ҳûô͹ǵ
æµڸһԴȻҲû顣
ڹš
˵Ǳ͸ˣҲϺȥ֣ڼϴ档
ﶼôҲˡȴôϻؼʱԹ⣬Ǳ飬ҲͻȻͲҪˡ
ŵǳˣҲòᣬŹ˲Ϲ
ϾԼǣ˭ȥ绨ѩ¡
ֻû뵽ǣҵ
ܼ˽쵽ǰ֪֮ͨ󣬱뿪ֻǶˡ
û뵽㻹ң
Źûаֿףֱ⡣
ҲҴţ֪ǰԲס㣬ҴˣǸܲ£ȥһӣһ䣬׻ҪҪң
ʵùеβѡ
⻰ʵãȥʳͻҪҪѾ
ǸæҰﲻϣҺͳ֮䲢κν飬οûаϵȻҲ
Ҳû;ܾȲ˵֮ԭûʲôݣеֻǶԹƾųغͺˮݵĹϵҲԸȥˮ
ˣֻ֪һ𰸣ӲǳүĶҪȥҺүǲܲɣһ䡣
ҲܴӦ㡣
ŵĿƺܾôɴࡣ
ѾɽˮĵزȻҲ㡣
ף治ܰ㻹ǡɡվѾ͹
ңò׹û뵽Ľ֪Ͳĸ׵ˣ뵽͹֮ݣ䵽ȥҪ񶼲ͬһְɡ
֪𣿡ͻȻתͳһ֮ǰдֽ㣬úÿǷҪһǸиݵģκûϣԹˡ
ֽдģΪǰ˹Ż뿪ͣ
ǲ֪ʲôңΪʲô˵
ҡҡͷ˵ٶҲ޼£㻹Ը͵ȰɡȰ㣬пյʱȥ򡣡
Σûлͷ
ⷬ˵Ī֪ʲôȴƫƫпȥǹ
òУûڳȥֱԼҡ
ϻ˵ϢΪ鷳ģһʲ֪ġ˵ľܾĸο㻹֪ܾ֮ǰǶ֮ºǹģϢʱѾ
ȥ£ȻӦġί˵ǲǣߣ˵
ǣ˵£ֵ÷ʱȥաʱ䣬ƷȥǮЩƷھǿǱһ񣬽ճʱһλˣҿͷúÿСŮرϲһ˺üǹԱҲżȻ֮²ŵ֪˿ģͻȻ˵ʱػƣ֮䲢ʶһ֪ȻϵλˣǴȴںةļϼġ
һӵ¶ѾȥˣʵȡǴûЦɣ
ôЦң㶼˵ܿȥءЦֺǺǵӣҲſ
үүͷң˵ǹġ
ĵܼҴҴææܽͨ
ģһɫˣʱʲô£Ҳûʲô¡
͹кһŹܼȥˣЩģĸںͷ
ǰһͲĹŲȻЩǣһصˣӭȥˣҽȥ̫ӵ°ɣ
ʲôˣûϸ뿪ϸ
Ҳ֪ôˣŹ̫ӵͻȻۣԭΪֻǳθã̫ҽЩҩû뵽ȹҩ̫ӵ¶ӵǲˣȴգڴֱߺߣѾ̫ҽһڶΣ̫ҽǶ鲻޲ߣǵûϴŭ˵ҪǵԴǹϻһ򿪾ͣ޾ϸĸϸ˵ľ
ǻҽΪ£Ҳҽҽ̫ӵµĲûа
˵ˣҪ̫ӵ°ʱԹĶмʲôˣʲôҪϲ顣ǻ̫ӵһţʱҲǺһģϲ˵ȥʻ
һʱ䣬ڰԭίȫ˵ˡ
Уһ·̬أȷʵǵ󲻵áתҪطȴײں͵ĹһͬߣмֵĵĿʱ᲻ǻ㣿
¹̫ӵµİΣϱضжɵģ浣һСģìͷָϡ
Ӧòᣬֻǲʲô⣬̫ӵͻȻ岻ʣ˹ٻ£ùڸеԼǹһš
ʹڶ
ɫ԰ףԼϣﲻʱߺһʶѱģ塣
ǰԶλ̫ҽһʹԴԽվڴͷһ̫ҽŭһֱȰţţ̫ҽ类ȥ췣
ؽ֮ͱ̫޹ԽųأɫԻһЩأ㣬̫Ӷʲôʲôдǿûʲô֮
Ȼͽ̫ӵ½յʳϸдɲ鲻ԭԽЩ©ĵطǸ׵ģٸһ飬ܹǲġ
ûжʣŻʵ۵ķԸƾǵõĶдǳԵĺȵģ̫ӵ½ʲôȥʲôطȫһһϸд
дõĶԽ˵ϣˡ΢˵һ䣬빬ʱ̫ӵ¶ûʲôȴͻȻ˸۵֢״΢Ҫ⣬Ҳϵʱ򡣰ʱ˺£ǹϵ󡣡
齨飬ǰдúȫ棬ԽһǶתֽȥ̽
̾˿Ҳôģϵʳûʲô⣬̫ù֮޹￴飬ûгȥ
ܲĶѾһ飬ûʲô쳣ĵطյתֱ£Խûףý
ǰ鿴ϵ̫ӣȷʵǹ˵̫ҩڴϣͷ󺹣ʶᣬǷ纮֢״ȴЩͬ纮֢֮ʹҲ֮䣬ļи̣̫ȴˡ
ûõĶûо̫õʲô𣿵ǲˣжˣⶼжϲʲô̫ҽԽָһ̫ҽ߷߲ƽ
ʾʱѾȫֻһӣΨһĶӣиʲộԺ⽭ɽ˭̳Уʵۻʲôͷ
ųأة࣬˼ӶôˣȴΪԼĶӲţѰ˼ҵҸ˵ôôѡ

 78 

ȥ֮ûֻ, ˶Թ֮ǰָļ¼ͳصķֺ, д̫ȥĵطͽӴ, ֮ǰѾʹûʲô⡣
̫ҽԺԺ̧ͷ, Խ, ϣ֮ǰ̫ӵ֢״ȷʵǳθ, ɲ֪ΪΣҩ, ֱ˷纮֢֮, ΢Ҳǰ˼⡣
Ҫ˵ж, Ҳû˵ʲôֳ纮֢֮ġ
ԭжǷ纮, Ӷ, ɻһ֮ǰϺ֮϶Բ, 㲻ҩ, ҪСڹ̫ҽôҲмʮˣͷϣж֢֮ӴĲ֢٣ϲǼʶª֮
ϲǣΣ
, Ȱ̫ҽ˵ģõȷҩ˵һǸʹת纮˵µĲɲáȰ
Խһۣſʼ˼ո̫ҽ˵ĻȻ鲻ʲôǱֻȰĿǰȸ̫ӷҩ˵ȥҲûʲôôֻʲô̫ҽ֢ϲһ֮ⵣһϣȴȷĴ𰸡
ǻŸϽȥҩ̫ӷð
̫ҽǶ˳ȥԽվתһȦ˵֮ǰúõģͻȻͲˣôأôܹģҪͨ˺գ˵жûлӦ𣿡
ľһ򵥣һ˰ʲôֽţ˭µĺ֣
ԼΪĴʶͻȻһ󲡣ûˡ
ڵû취ʧȥӣһʧȥԺ⽭ɽҪ䵽˼ҡ
ȿģ̫ӵ¼࣬һġ
Ȱ䣬ȴ޹ɨùģԹĶû⣬⵽׳ͻһһһαװɲ֢Ķ
ʲôĴεԽסأ
ڻȷĴ鿴һ¡
˵ֱ̫꣬޹ĽǷõ¯
޹նȼѬ㣬һΪ˳ζΪ̫ӵܹ˯޹ѬûжϹ
ɽ㣬ƺЩֵֹġ
ս¯һţζոһЩ
䲻ǳڴɶζǱȽ˽ģžͲԡ
ϣ¯Ѭ㣬˲һ顣
һᣬԽŵ߹ߣҲսţŲʲô쳣
˵̫ӵĲѬ⣿ƽʱ̫޹ζûʲô䡣
˵һйأֻζԣϿ˳һ飬ǷܲЩ˿
ڹҹҩкת¶ȽЩŷҩЧŷģҲǲظϢ׼ٽ̫ӡ
˯Ѽ䣬߶Ŵɿŵ߽䣬磬߹
ˣҵȲ㣬˯˻ôûΪɣôѽ
¶ǶĹģóظоů
е࣬ɲһǸܹŪȥġ
ߵߣرҹſ»ģţҴñǡ
㵹˵ѽеܻ˵ǵӡ
û£ģ̫ӵ£ҪûвսٿǷ½չ
ɻĿҪ̫ӣ̫ڶô˻ȫ뵽ԼСܣ̫ӵһϰ䣬ԷһҪ̫ӣܵҲܲȫ
˵ʲôȴһס۾ˣ˯ɣȥϴ
·ͳȥˣٻʱѾСʱԺ󣬹˯ˡ
£ɫ֮ǰǰɣı̫ӵһ첻ҳ̫һնðȻʼˣǾͲ׷Ź˾ǿ
˯ûʱˣо˯ŵĹ
ڴµôͽ𣿡
ţЩ̫ӵµСˮ˵һ£ýԼڼϰɡԸһ䣬Ҵ븮
Ҳûټ˯ȥֵּǵԺӣ׼߳ݵˮ
˵ˣ̫ӵб£ͲҪˣڸЪţԼϰϰ
ˮһԼԲýһӦȻգǲѽ
һۣôؾֵһȥѧãֻ˼ͷ緹һգۼ䣬ֻʣ¹ˮˡ
Ҫȥ￴˵˸ֹܻĴԼ˽սԹҪ˵ôܸɣ԰£ǴÿֹҲͲÿΪǰۡ
ˮһҪţ˵ʲôҲԸһ˼ڸһš
һȥ￴һͷΣĴָ㣬ЩͷƯ֮ǰҲ㣬ǲܹһء
ʵʱ֮һлǿ㣬Žų磬׻Ϊ㡣
ͷΣ֮ǰҲһƵģ죬
ҪúŬԺһǿˣȢСϱԼСӹãҶԵ֮ҲԵҶĸ𣿡
ˮ¶ĵͷͻȻ˵ȢСϱ£ŶѽҪȢСϱҲȵǴ硢磬ֵѽ
˵λأܣ˵ӰⲻãӵĿ˶ûС
һȨһ¾ϸߣԭǺ˼Լʱģ˼ˣȨ˼Ҹˣ»ػʲôʱ֪ء
Ȩ˵״æΪԼС㣬ⶼᣬ̣ǴſڣҾŲЩλãҿˣ˭֪ǴƢһһ仰˵ˣҵʱҲ֪ǴǺԼġ
ײǴʱɲºкһ죬Ǵﴩͨžͨũ뵽ǺСԼõˡ
мʧҲûйˣ˾˰ɣҪѽģҪô׾ˣԺҲߣԸ񣬵粻
˲׼ɴŵļ㻹֪ģ˵ʵβ̫̰ƣҲȫƣȨͺѡ˵ǶõģֻҪǰʵĽǾܹʮֵľÿһԸȥ¡
С㣬»ҼǴһֱӴȥûƼգûٶ죬оרҵ뷹ġ
𣿡ƵҪǳ뷹ˣֵͣӦò䵽Ҫ˼Ҵ򹤵ķϣˣкܶҪȥģôĴ硣
ҲûţҲȻ
СˮҲˣûȥˣĥ˷ʱ䣬ͷҿҪġѳһЧˮﻹٵ飬һܳȥͷҲصųˡ
˻񣬽ǲǲãôˣҲżģľһλˣٶȣһҲ׬ӡ
͸ոտʱȣ⾹ˣ
߹ȥ̨ȨҪ˱ͷβһ顣
ǰ㣬տʼÿյӪЩոǲԶˡ
ƽʱҲôʱ𣿡
ûÿղ鿴յǮ浽һʱ򣬺Űû˳һƽʱֻעĴ˾취һÿææµµղſһЩһ㷢⡣
֮ǰãҲ֪ôˣûʲôҲأ֮ǰæһת޲Լͷ۰źãȴһֻӬûС
ȨʾҪҳȥתһȦǲʲô¿ţͨ̿ʱܶ˹ȥĿ˱Ҳ
Һһȥɡ
º̣Ȩһȥϣʱķû⵽ļ̿ţȨһ߹ȥ
û߳ʮԶͿǱΧźЩˣ̿𣿹ȥʲô
񵽵ǸңҲϲģܶ̿ŶóƷΪƷֻǼ۸ŻݵⱾ׬ߺȣʱȥһ׼û
߽һƣü
¿ӣƷ
Ǽ䣬Ʒ
Ҫǲ֣Ǹһģһֲ˭˭
Ⱥ￴ĶļƣЩʽһģһġ
棬ǸŮˣôô񡭡
Ȩֹһ䣬˳Ŀ⿴ȥ̨ǱվһƺʮŮˣʮźƷζէһȥǿ̵ģǸҷˣټ̫̫ĸо
ϵŮˣͱͱȨĸ첲Сʵ
ȨɻĶŮ˿ãҾúҿʱλǵĴŴ̫ˣţҲҪǴ࣬Ǹоٻͦġ
ɫģסţֹһüǿʽһ˵ǰͷҲЩѧ˼ҵģɵ滹ԼĴ£¿֮ĿʽԼ뷨ʹ£˵ԼĿʽ
ӲĶͬⲻҪ⣿ӻӲʮ׵λã˵ѽ
ﲻŮˣ״𣬡λ㣬ЩǴѽƯšϻƷҲƼˣӺǵ࣬òͬһϰ忪İɣ
Ů˿ͷΣЦӯӯܵЩѽģǾС⣬׬СǮڷԣ˵Ʒҿɲ֪ѽҲȡģҾǰӡ
ܲܽˣҿԳѧѡ
ŮһֿۣȨԭЦӯӯͱˣûڣҲ˵ģѧͽҲ̵ġ˵꣬ѹ£æкˣûǡ
֪ǿʲôҲûٲʣȨ
С㣬۸ѽҪҪҴ˵Ҳң
ȨƷȻûʲô飬ƹҲǵѣɿȻѧǵĿʽ˵ԼôҪˣʵʲȥ
ȱţʲôĿ˵ھֵط̣˼ҿʽôĿŵģҲʲô࣬пҲһʲô·

 79 

ػص, ֱȥ̫ӵ޹
ȥʱϲδڳ, ߽ǰ, ɫ糣ɫûҹ糺, ƺǺЩˡ
ôѽ, ҹǸʹǷյģڻﲻ̫ҽ𣿡
ҲԼ̹ĺ, ضǹĵģֻƽʱٱ¶
̫, Ӻöˡҹʱ, ʵ͸֮ĶԻ, ֻʱ˵˵, оܡȹҩ, ˯ð, һ, Ӹо࣬ҹǰġ
˾ͺãҹϼˣҪһ̫ҽԴˡһԹе̫ҽ˵ֱ֮ѽ
ط, Ĳ鿴츹ʹ֮ǰûвֵ𣿿ŵʲô㣬ʲô˽ӴûУ
ҹĶź˵Ĺʣһֶû˵ֱӵ;
ҡͷѣּҲʹͬԵǰ㣬糣ҲûмʲôرˣζǺƽʱЩͬоǵЩ˵򸸻£֪˲ûѬ⣬ǱǹС
˵ָ˰Ž߻ϸ
⹬˵ߣӹɵġ
ֻ岻ʻǱ¶ıǺʡ
ú̫ˣӺˣټϰ䡣ʱˮҲϹͷʡ÷㣬Ҳδʱ
һȥ»ǣ㣬ɲˮܽˮ
ӿأ̫򸸻飬ˮ𣿡
˵̫ӵ£ˮİ𣿾ѧϰʱң⼸ҪҪϢôغĴһ룬֪⺢Ӿ̫µˣŻһֱץˮţٳЩףΪһλδľµõ顣
ؿ񣬱ȥ鷿Ѱ˼Īҹ֮Щʲôˣȥ˵أһǶ游ҲǶ˵Ż
˼˵
߽ڣϿ˿Եĺة࣬˵ͦģôǷȥ̫ˣ˵ѾõòˣҲûŹȥ
ػϣȣǺöˣ޴󰭡
Խֿ˺ةһۣ˶˵ƺ˭˵
ĵĵȺջǺةųصһ˵Ļ
ʲôõסҸϣĶܳأһʲôͷȵġϾܾة顣
ةఴס͵ǶǰĻϣС㣬Һ˵ӦҲôӦӦҲôӦҺǸ㼸ӣҪû׿ڶ˵Ǳةһı㡢Īı飬óһ顣
游֪ǰʲô˼ЩҪ̫ӵĻֶҲòŰ̫ӵ°ŵȥʵ̫Σˡ
һСģܻϵ˶Σա
ǰһ˵ʱȻ⣬͹ͬסһݣܵܣҪʲô£ġ
ģ̫ܲӵ𣿸еķһҲ٣ֻǶڰ⣬̫ӵܾȣԼ޹˯̤ʵҪؼҲܰ˯Σ׼ˡ
ϵĶѾ鶼׵ֻǸ֪һ
ضԴмȲ˽Ҳץͼı̫ӵµˣԾ󻼡
ڵĲֻҪ⽭ɽܹȶպ̫ӵ¼λҲãֵֻּܣܹиõǰ̣ϱһҲǶȨȴŲõ
̫ӵ£ة඼˵ˣΣ
߻صԽǰߣԽ۾ѹʵ
⻰˵ãܾܾƵġ
΢һӻϷԸԺȥ̫ӵһظСסա
*

֪ԼܹסڳظϣﲻЩˣܹټˮҲһˣÿձѧĹλʡ£Ϣѽ
Ҳûڴϣʰ˼ѣЩӣ͸ųس˹
£ҿɺԼ£˵ǰͷסҸϣһǶҵģҽ㲻ҽ£㲻׼վţ²óǻټ
ٵǰʱһߣһһԵ˵Źء
һʱͼˣôͲܳˣ侩Ǵֻɣϴγ⣬ȷʵЩ£ɾʲôطӽ£̫ӣ˭ھǶ
ƫͲˡ
ͻȻͣ½ŲתͷǲӦھȥͻ˵˵㲻ȥҸסˡ
вЧҲҶ˵һ䣬ҴӦ㻹ɣ
ڳôҲҪȴڹǿô߻иС˵˵أڹģرǳ֮һҿ³ʲôǵûϻɡ
һص񿴵ʱһʱôܰѵ´أⲻΣ𣿡ǰȥ˵
ûԼˣһ˸͸ԼƵģߺŹܼԼȥˮľ
ǻϵİţҾͲҪˣ̫ӵ߰˲ٰỤȫ
طŹһط򵥽˼䡣
Ż̫ӵǲΪı̫ӵµðͷýһ򾡡񲻽಻ѣƲ߱ûʲô⣬ѵͲиһһУʲô⣬ʱץˣ̫ӵҲˣǿզ졣
ôȻ뵽ģ׵ǻϾһӣôðķա
ٶҲȻѾǸϣҪúÿˣʲô飬ѱᱻϹ
̫ӰźСˮһݣҪǡҪ̫֣˳ܵҲˣ
ҷſģԺΧ˿ˣġϻ̫ӵƤЩţǸǺ֣򲻱ôһ𱣻̫ӵ£ûµġ
οŹ˯֮ǰǵֵּԺѲһȦȷΧԻţŰ˯¡
Դ˳ˮҲˣ˻һоʫһдգϾʱҲһ壬Ȥ࣬ǵģɼദ죬ƻǺ飬ֻûᡣ
ԸܼҶԵ¶ģʲôҪ㣬ǧá
æ磬ųȥԼӣյһ
Ȩһӣͽʱڲ̽ϸ˵ˡ
ԭƷĸŮģǼʮŮǸѸײ๫ϥҲûһŮżҸϳ󣬱ǿһӡ
ҲʮңɲɣǺеǸˡ
֮ǰﾭ䣬ʱ֪ҲЩסɵĴŸ̸֣䣬Ǵ˵񲻶ļɣ˳Ҳ˲飬ûзΪԺһԱҲûرڣ˹˵ûǴ͸¶ģʲô˵ˡ
һŸԴͷɥҿһۡ
֪ͱ¨ˣԺ󻹲ĸҸɻСҲֳɡ
װȳһ䣬е˼һ±ĵǰСģԺūһ೤ۣЩлɳˡ
ʱףĸŮƷԤıģǿⲻСӪѶȲ󣬱ѧĿʽͼ۸ļ۸Ҫٱ˶ɣʮֿɹۡ
Ѱϰ˵پƷ۸ƴ˼Ҳǰ״ĿʽǱ߱ˣҲͱǱȥˡ
С㣬ǿɲһֱӲ۸ѽ
Ȩ߷߲ƽԤı£͸ˡ
Сտ̲һ£ǾѧñǸ͵ļ۸ͣ˭Ҳ
˵ףǲǡͷߡأôñǷ۸ȥ
Ӧԡ
˱ӺãϸһգյϸƷ֮󣬶ӵӰȷʵġ֮Ľˣʹ֮۸Żݳ˵Ҳᱻǳȥ֮һĿˡ
ƫƫ̫ӵµǸϣͷæģҲ˲Ըǡ
ȻȥˣţȱʲôʽǼǵ˵ûգǹ˲ϣǶ࿴ŵ㣬ȹӣôӦ԰ɡ
ʱ̫ӵҪĶȫЩԵģһûȥ
˼ӣ̫ӵԵĶˣ˽ϡ
ոսûüȥԺӣû룬̫ӵµˡ
ͳӵڽ䣬Ŀⲻʱһ۳أֹҲֻ˼꣬ںǲˬӣզôսء
һݣͿɫԡ
Ӵ̫ӵأһ˵ùܼҰѳԵĶȥҲãʡһˡⶼҪģӡձǺ«̡
һһѳԵϷţһš
ߵߣһֱʾ⣺˵ˣ˵ˣ
ƫƫͷóԵģȫûƼǼüŪ۵ӡ
̫ӵ£ʹҷ˸Եģͬ𣿡
ɭɭƮһﻹ̰Ե˼粻ں͹һ䣬ôЩԵģ뵽ÿƽʱҲͳ߶⹬ʳСԣȫû
֪ʵأ˵򣬻ȫˣץţǽһơ
̫빬ңôЩԵĸҡʱԶʡȥ˱ԳƣĶң֮Ĺϵ
һ±ĵ󣬺޲ðԼСȫóؿ
ôΪģ
һܼҹʹƫƫҪȥҹȵģôܲȥϷ죿
㣬㿴طԲãתѰ
ϳߣԸȥģԹˣ´ҲǡźۼĸԴ԰ɣձ˾Ͳó
лл㣬Сˮ˵û㳤ƯϧѾ˸Ȼ
ĳΣյĿ⣬ʱ죬ЩԵıܡ
ôЩԵģһҲԲ갡ȻҪСһʳ
οؾǰݺݵĵܳԵ£
Ŀ뿪ԼԺӣ£֣ݻ̫ӣҲ֧ʹ㣬´ʲôҪ˵
һЦ⣬ˡ
úúã´ҲӦǣ
ôԵģҲҴʲôԵġָζʮ㡣
һμ¶С飬ǿͰ͵мֶء
ʲôóԵûУϲԵģ˵Ҿ
䣬קһѣ
ˣ᲻Ϊұۡ

 80 

ôһ, Уб, ӵ, ˵ıֻд룬˵ĵĻ, ˹ϵ׽, ټܵľٶоԼֶ֪ĸˡ
ôô죿ٶȴսĪˣ
һԴ, һĶͷ¶, 쳣
, , ʲôء
ôһ˵Ըӻ, ̵úܡ
ƿ, ŲŲ, ŲĹв˸ĽӴ, µĲԾ˽סٲҶˡ
̧ͷȻ㣡ˣå
治ɫĲĿӦҪû㷴Ӧ, Ǳ㲻жЦһš
ŬվתԼȥ
Ҳ֪Ǵѧģһϲ棬ƫƫƤӱػرţǺѣȥСҪġ
һڷֱʱųȥųʱ˶̫Ȼؾѯʣôˣûθ𣿡
һٷԲˣǷ뷹û꣬ͷ룬ٶˡ
ؾôһʣʣܵͬһ뿴
ϹҲסǿЦЦǵģЩöٳЩԱ˯š˵꣬ϯֻ˷䡣
ÿÿйӴټоΣΪʲôҪһһεĶŪܺ
ﲻЩϣܹúõദ浽ǸزξΣ벻ڣϵʹ˷ޣⲻҲҪһЩʱȥӦ
ûãظҲ˷䣬Ťȥרĵĵ·
ҲûٴȥûȤ·ȥԡ
ԡǵԲԶʮ·͵ˣѾ׼ˮԡͰǸоʼˡ
ϴӣǰǷӦСҼҵģƫôߣϰϰߣٵ꣬ҲδܹӦĽӴ
ڿʼϰĴڣϰĽӴ˵бҪġ
ʱʱһǲˣؿЦţһүǣҪȥһʮСʵЩΪˡ
ϴһĺζֻ¿첽߻ط䣬Ѿս·ˣİڷ¹Ϸһϴѣһط·ˣⷽҲȥԡҵġ
֪Ըﺦʱǲʲôĵġ
һĬĬϴڲ࣬רѣ˻£ûþ˯ţٶʱĵѾ˶ڴأЬ׼¡
գգۣ۾׼˯ʱһͺ
һסʵô񣿡
ҡųˡ
ڴأһգһŻЬյǽͻȻ۵һʱûסг
û뵽ˣر˾¼֮󣬴ʱԵøˡ
ڷĵѱģôǿܹҲֻǿٰˣϵ飬ǿ̫ףҲϵ糺졣
ңۣ
˭֪һʹ
ڳ
ţСǶǱȥۣһȣȥͺˡڳٲȻѾ˾飬һһûˣֻ۵ʱȷʵ̣Խ۵Խÿÿʱžֹ״̬ʹС
شӱסĽš
˵ңЩˣ־Ҫƿ
սĽţȣֱ֮Ľģҵ֡
û
Ļȥ֣һȣŰֱһСȳ֢״һ¾ʧˡ
棬ˡ
˶ȣ治ˣЦŤͷԭл촽ȴСĴӹʲôĶлĻں˵ǰģ֪ηӦźá
ǾЩ˯ɡ
ȶˣ£Ǻñӣߣոһ£ҵлôÿ񡣡
˵꣬˯ԼǱߣٴϢ
ȴ˯ȫޣոǶݵĽӴĪǡ룬ѾߵòС
˸ɱ˯
һ֪ڵʲôʱ˯ţֻ֪ڶգˡ
*
ڳһס˺ü죬ʲô¶ûзĿҲûС
ÿնڸУʱԼ鷿ţż˵ȫǷ״̬
ҲǻϽģڸʱĪҪ̫ӵ¹ڹעߵ̫ɭϣԷܾͲ֡
־һҪ˴Ӱץ󻼡
ץˣǲʹ˰ݵġ
Ҳһѣס̫ӵǰԼͰֵּܡ
ãã˺Ҳ֪˭̫ĴģƫҪȺһܹӴʹˣܹʹģⷶΧ˵󲻴˵СҲСЩ׹壬ʹɣҲóȻȥǡ
һ´ݾߣǣճ
϶⶯ЩˣǶϲȥǵġ
Ŀǰ˵ҲֻãȺʱˡ
ˣǼӵʲôͷҪСȥҪôȥСӻ
ԶԶԶȨһŷߣ˸磬ڸĴߣ̫̽ӵµЩǷ񶼻ڸţײǡ
һû˵ʰ֮Ȩߡ
ؽǽлո˵ʲôأ˵
һϲүԼʵģҪȥǺ״߶үġ
콫һϵһ˵ˣСæк̫ӵ£ⶼûܹ϶ԸĸŮū澶ûҺС˵ԽԽˣȻ˵ȥ治Ҫ
Եɣиûǡ
գȴǳ˸ֱʱŻ
ʱȥܶδϸ˵
ֹգȥʱƷȴϲüҵ˵С㣬ǲ֪Ʒѽվ͹ŴˣӶתãֱӾ;̸
ô֣Ȼ֮⣬ûȥ취ԸЩˣЩԼˣ
ȨЦϴκ͹үһ죬ڶӱûţȥѽĶ˸ˡ
ʣҲ֪ǹүСĸŮˡ
븻ɲ˵ġ
Ǯ̼ңүǻҪüֵģĪ˵СڵСӣֻүһ仰ӾǱҲ֡
˭˵أū澻ΪҪٶQһӣû뵽ߵô졣óյ˱Сƣѽһ¾ͻͿʱء
оȻͲЩǾֶˣٻصȻͺˡ
ֻ΢ۣȻˣҲټǹţȥһϣֻ˼ҡ
⼸ճҲ˼ͼȥʦʱʦһҡͷ˵̫ˣͼһģһġ
һλεͼϸȷʵпǲܵĵطʧҲ٣տˣ»úúøĸģȥʦ
ÿչ̶һʱЩͷΣȲоۣܱÿСȤͷҲܸ⡣
һգ۵ĹͲˣԭǳȥϰÿЩ㲻𣿡ؼӭȥĶһͬط䡣
˶һͬڿȲ衣
ֲۣ춼Щ
ŸջĻˮܽˣˣ㣬ǿȥƵ°ɣ֪ôģͻȻͻ赹ˣ̣ƵģҲԺˣҲӦ˰
վǾסСԺȥǣˮ˸ںͷ
ǵСԺѾܼҷȥ£ʱͺ֮ǰڹһһޡϴ̫޹ѬѾȥˣҲûʲô쳣ֻǱƽʱٷЩζࡣ
жϣϻǲɵʲô̫ӵµ״һʱһʱ׼Ƿж
һȥرϣ˳̫ҽ鿴̫ӵµĲ顣
ְ˵ةฮȥ游
֣߽ߣ֣һ£üƺǸоʹƤǱյýģû۾
һԿţҲΪеǣˮ˵ǰһ̻úõģͻȻȫ¹̣Ƿ纮ĸգҲһյô
֮ǰϴڹ̫ӵ¾ô֢״
һٶĳͬ״ʵǹ졣
ЩҩһŲʹΪǣʵȴﲻʲôæֻ׽ˮվһ԰ţ˳ء
ةյϢòԶʶȸϵġ
ôϴεһģһ𣿡
һ̫ӣةҲǽõϢӦ߸Ϲ
ԣڹʱȫһʶ壬ϴڹҽ˺ҩ󣬵µкת֮Ҳδٷ⡣ͻȻٷ֪ϴεҩܲЧҾãʹܹЧҲֻʱԵЧ̫ӵµĲ𲻵εá
ة֪˵öԣԭǰ̫ӵŲ⣬Ϊ˶̶֣һץû˻ûץţ̫ӵȴٴβôΡ
ٽ̸ʱԽ̫ҽԺԺдҴҸ߽һԲĿŴϵ
Ժдǰȥ̫ӵ°֮Խصϣϴһ֢״ϴηҩЧ΢ٿҩõ·á
ԽͷԺд˲Ÿȥץҩ
ȥﰾҩȻӲۣץҩֱ֮סԺﰾҩҩ󣬲ʱ˾ͽת
ôˣոһͻȻܣǰģˣ֮Ͳ̫ǵã˳һ㡣
󿴵վ˺ЩˣΧڴǰſڽ֮ǰĸϸ֪ԺС
ȷʵͻȻһ¾ˣԺٶȷϡ
ԥĵͷⲻǷ纮ͬĸܣԼͨ
ûУ̫Ӷ֪ΪοԽָԺУʡ
Ժбָűӱʣ⣬ûȷ𰸣ôشڻǰǴġ
΢ܣ𷣡
ڻǰġ
ԽòУ̧һţ޴Ϊĵģ

 81 

ǡ, 䲻ҪҲû취, ͷķ, ҩͼЧȴ־, ȥ, ̫ѧĶѧȫ̸ʲôιƽ£
Խ̫ҽ֮󣬿ԼΨһı, ＫȸӣҪǸĻʵ, ڶҲͲ, ƫƫһ, Ҫˣɾ˼λ, ֻܴϥȥѡһ̡
Ȼǲϣ鷢չز, ҪĻ, ʵʲô˼
ڵڰ, ǲ֣Ǳ׽סة֪Ϊ̫ӵĲ齹ټҲûа취ѽ˺ο, Ὠ飬ҪʾѰҽǷҵܹҽδ֢״ҽ
ڳʾЩڰ˿ЦҪ޵ĶһԸ
ةһ⵽ܾһʱҲû뵽õĽ飬һͬ̾
ʣˣǶλҲôΪҵģʱȻм࣬ⲡƺǹʼ˲̽£һܹѰЩ˿ģڴ֮ǰֿܵס
ã޵ĺûʶģһֻعЩ˸еĴۡ
ԽźةҴȥһع֪Ҫʲô˵ļƻ
кةڳʱȫûô˵ֱ뿪ϣߵǰĸоûˣûв
Ժд˱Խڳտ̫ӵµ壬ȻˣԺţҪʲôʱܸơ
ûˣʵ̫ҽҩЧǲ֪ΪΣͻȻͻ᷸
˵ãҲ֪Լ˶ССͣʱϲûлʧ飬ùĪۡ
ֻˮֳ࣬ĳǣѾСܶٱѰǵ˳ͣҲΣң룬ǻẦµİɣֻǵŻϵ棬˼Ҳֳܱӡ
ЩϢ˵
Źһͬ뿪֮ǰˮҹ˯̫̫ӵв̫ҽҽΣ֪𣿡
ˮĵͷһչ˺õµġ
˭ҪչˣѾˡ
ŵĳı粵
񱻳һ·ŻԼ䣬Ծš
̫ӵôźãץֲ鲻ǲǾô̫ӵ£
Щõĵ飬ҲЩ˯ɣȥ鷿һˣͻ
̨鷿ǰЩʶ֣оš
⿴ȥп̫ܶӵֵĻŮͳүףҵСҲڳ͢Сķˡ
Ķڶ࣬߸ӣĶʮСĻ֮Уü࣬ǻҪѡһӹ̣ѡ
Ҳãһ࣬뾩Զ벻ԸԼˮ
ôľ
ϵ£ؾǸȥһˡ
ڶգùܼ˵ǳүԵãʱȥ˵Ҫ̡
ûȥµԼҹˡ
ԭ뵽ʲôģмû˳һ̽ʵ
ȼ⸸ҲԣǶһҵġ
߹ȥǰ£һү
ԴӺûйһס
ء
һųأЦ֡
үҺѽϻ۲˵װ׵ģҲմүףүҲӣͦõ𣿡
˵µġ
˭֪·ǵûЦøˡ
⻰˵ģϻزͷҽѽǿ㣬أгƣҽտɻ׼˼񡣡
ôҪǲòᰡ
Ҳûܾ˰ɣүҲһʺү
ڳ£ү֪̫ӵ½岻ʣҸ
¹ֵ÷зģȻ֪ģֻڱô𣬳²֪ʲô˼
ѽ˵һ㡣
үĿ̫ӵΪŲʣƫøΣʵã˼Ѿԡ
µɴ۾⻰ʲô˼Ѳ㻳ģôܻȴ治֮¡ɱҸҿñӣ֮ǰҶĸײãҲϺ֮ĹϵЩҶϣ̫ӵӲʣûаϵѽ
ؾҲ˵ȴлɵġ
¼֤Լȴֲ֪ôţһԼĿĸˡ
ү֪㲻֪ɣҲôҲһ䡣
ͷȿڲ裬ЦЦĿ

 82 

, Ҫ̸ġԼ£سҳ, ֪, ǶġغԺλ̳, ֻҪӦ, ҳףٸ游֣غס, סţҲ, Ҫҳ֮¡
һ˵Լ, ˵, ϲ, Գ˵ȫǰһ, 벻ʲôɾܾ, Ż̸
سĬ˺һ, һ˼ĴȻȴڹ۲ųԼ̨µĿЦٶϻ˵ԺǲκϵҲӣȫ˵
ΣǲǺأȻʵ, 
ѹû뵽дһʣһ¾ͱסû˵
ΪѹŲ˵û˻֪£ôûģСĻΪȡΪҲ֪ģȫ֪
ųµ۾𽥵ɴд˾ȣĪˬ죬һ벻ᱻһɣΪźӦøжµĽʩᡣ
һȷģڣ뿪ˣǾλ˵һ٣żֳ衣
Ҫų±Ǻүľλ¶ϣҪڣĸ׺һд¡
Ҳ˵ʲôӲķ񶨣ϵĻȴôҲزסˡ
˵ʲôүͲ˼ˣҲᣬûץסٻͷңҲԸԸءЦʱ䣬Ǳӣûʣ¶ӿɻ˰ɡ
˵꣬뿪ǰδ粻һĺү
һǴã˳ȥ
֮£ȷʵûԤϵģô뵽صʵʵ飬ڳǰȴǺڵ
ɵ˼ĪǺгذߣɾԼˣҲû֪ʵ飬ǿĴҲǷ֪ͻ
ǰȥˣܲó뵽ӵ˲֢֮ɡ
ԽԽţֻԼһжչǰûаְȫС
ȳػûжʣÿүص鶼̫ãռӯܴͬžЩͻĸо
ʹڣԽźة鷿̸
취ȥ޵ĻʶȥҪꡣ
ةว°͵Сӣ֪̫ӵ£֮ǰ̫ӳʱ˰׷õˣʱôͲˣ
Խһô˵ڼƫƫ޷
֮ǰ̫ӷҪסҲ׼ˣ̫ӳ֮ߵİһûȥΪ˸һѵŰ˸ǣʵʱ򣬶ֱ֣ӽǱƻ˾ǡ
ľٴ룬Ҳȷʵ𵽵ãع֮ҲûҪȥ֮£Ҷߵİǰ
Сʱ򲻽̣˿ɾͽ̲ˣҲΪĽ롣
˶һۣͬʱ̾˿˭ΪԼı޲ýõĶǣƽˣٻ˼ҸˣҲѲ
Ҫ뾡ҳƱҪֶǿӲһЩп»һЩˣһЩϲˡ
ڹܲôˣǰǵˣҲҪ˸պʹ̫ӽ޵ĻλҲᱻıǳΪ˭Ŀܣһֿܣ뿴ġ
ȻԽ⻰ةҲ֪̬ȡ
΢ȥ죬΢һ취˸Ƴ
֮󣬺ةܿ˹
֮ټȥֻҪɵģҰȥʡܶԷǷ񷽱㣬۶ԷʲôлҲҴ
⼸֮䣬ⱻة˾޴ķˣͨҲ֪ةڸϰҪҳı̫ӵµס
ѰռԲõģةలȥֶȥǼõ˼ңͨռҷԹġ
˵ҲѰ˼ı̫ӵʲôôҲǺͻص˵ȣͼ
⼸նδֻةˣ⼸Ҫúû̫ӵ£ĪҪø˵ȡϢʹȥΣЩ˱Ƽˣָˡ
ΧȻаڸţҲѱп©۵ĵط
֪£Ҳżûȥϣֻÿ㱨˵ϵ⻹ȶҲͰĴڸտ̫ӵºˮ
СĴһ飬ʲôµġˮż񹦿Σˮ̹以һԺܺõѧϰ顣
أҵƺûô˯ã緹ȥ˯һɡ
ˣ˯š
ȴǼֵϢã̸α̫ӵ¡ҵģ˯ϰʱùӲİš
ƽڣ˳ѷһأû˯ʱɲ
ŷţ˵
Σֻûش£һʱȷʵ˯ţҹΪ̫ӵ£ȥԺӿأǰȻŻط䡣
ﴧ£Ȼ˯ȣ˯˯ѵľ͵ΪԼûгѹڿ߹Լ֡
ɻشϣŲ֪ôĽ˯⣬ط˸ڱ۾
͸ŷţ֮ǰѾѾһ¯Ѭ㣬дá
һֱȵ˯Ժ󣬲뿪ȥˮԺӡ
һ߽Ժд򶷵ȹԺǱȥ߽һ˿ԭдգΪǽˡ
дд裬ҪСЩ˵Լ
̫ӵǱˮˣʱϹǳе𣬹ˮôֹۣ֪Ȩ򲻿ɴ̫ӵ²⣬ϵ뷨˭
㣬ͷİɣûģֻϰһ½̵ĽС
ˮ˵ʱͣеĶȻһֹͣƣ˫˫еĳˮߵԣ㣬ôˣ첻ȥ𣿡
Цôܡ
㣬㵣ңûµġ
ˮɵİο
ͷĵ㵱Ȼû£µ̫ӵ¡
ѽջؽʣߵһԺ˿ڲ裬۾ʱ
ڹҲнãǶˮ͹ദ
ڹһжҪǺ͹أ̫Ӷϲˮܽǵչˡ
ǴڹⱻϮ˹Ǹ޸֮Ůӣʱǣס֣ȴĪİȫУֱڣҲûůĸо
һΡģӵйķĵİ
Ŀٴο񣬳̫Ȣ˹ǸиġСڹʶ̬һŮˣòǾ޵ģȴ˸оʡ

 83 

ˮ˵Ż, ԵĿ⣬Ȼȥ, ȴջ, ͷԼеĲ豭
ǰ½ոо, ӿвʣ
˵⹬̫ҽһֱԺ, ʱƺϲ̫ҽʱʱԼ̫ҽʱԼ, õĺܳ
̫ǿԼӲš
⼸ոоûʲô, ֮󻹻᲻ٷ, Ͳ֪ˡƲƲ, ֮ǰҲ㣬֢״ʧٴη, ʼδ
, Ǳú, Ҳ̫, ڹһ취أż
οĻУ޲оʡ
ͬĻԳ֮ڣͻȫζ
˯Сʱ, ʱ࣬Ӱһ¾Ͳµǹˮ˵ˡ
߹һƣԺЦţ񿴹ŹŹֵֹģǰЩͬ
̫ӸòĶ
һ߹ȥ
һֽ§ڻٿʱŹ
˯Ŀɺã
ţھöˡ
һЦЦݺͶĲһһ̣źۼƿ
ظоԼģҲЩʧ䡣
ֻţǰ濴ţ§§ʲôӣƿѾǸˡ
ǡʱةҳһϣϸʾ͸ȥ˻ʹȵ˹ϺͺةѾˣز֪ʲôҪ죬ǰȥһһ󣬰ĵŻ
ة⼸Ĵ̽ѾһЩ˿ָͨͨǲûʵ֤ƾЩ֤ݺͲ²Ҫͷǲܣڵ֮Ҫ̫ӵá
ǿɲ̫ӵкζ޽취
⻰ʵˣ޽Ϊ˴¡ⶾΪ꣬Ҳҩҽ˵ⶼһҽ֣֮ҪõҩȥһˣѽҩҪı꣬޶Ӧ
в죬øҩô˿ʹΪʲôҪȥɣɵÿ游ò⣬ҪҲ¶˳ȥɣ
ֻһۣة֪ʲôҽƢЩŹ֣Ըͳ͢˴򽻵ֻϲ˽̫Ŀǰ̫֪ȥʡǻṦģʲôҲܹԼ
ԽԽòԾȥҩģôоΣգ
Ȼة಻ϵʹɫӦǣŻϺͺة棬ҲþܾӦ
ȵͺة˵ദʱة˵ʵʵҽɣǰͻйڣ˵ΪӵҽΣ¸ٶı궼֡Լ취¸ԲȥѽҩҪ
ҽĴŵַ֪أԼ£лظһ˻صңʼʰǵطԶӱҲͰյĹܵһ˳Ӧܹ
͹񽻴һֻ뿪һգڸزʲô⡣Щģ˵ةȥģһ룬ةһֱԳؼãܶʱԸ£ΪڻǰܹԼΰ½Ҳ£һ󹦣ţҲࡣ
ڶգع·ӶûдҲǺةеģ˵ҽǰǹе̫ҽֻΪһЩºͻִ֮ǹٶȥҲͻҴһϵ
͸¶ǵݣֱҪҩǵһƵɲС
һ·У֮ǰϵҽڵӣةĵַģֻ˵˷λɵҹȥŷһƬݣҽĸլһʹȥ֪
游Ǹһò¡
һ·ȥСʱȥˣ⸽˾Ȼûһ֪ҽĴڡֱʵǼլӣ֪иŴ򣬾סβϵһլӡ
ȲǲҪҵҽֱլȥʱԺţҲ֪ûˣţȴӦ߹ȥ͸ԱߵΧ￴ţԺ࣬ŽգҲ˵ӡ
ѵǲڼңһֹҲûټţȥ˸ڡ
Ժһλɹ·ǰȥкһ£ŴǲǲڼңҸո˺һţûӦ
Ǵ￴һֿۣ˸ԺǽŴʲôѽڼңǲԸˣƽʱżҲβٴӦ˼ǮҲգҲ֪ͼʲô
ؿЦѣҲƲģҪôŻῪš
ǴŴ˽ӣסڸԹ۹ǴЦЦȻ֪ģҸˣʲôô
Ǯܹõ飬ǾͲ⣬һӣ
ֻҪҼŴӾġ
ô£·˫ǵϸƣȷģŽսصŴԺ⡣
ŴŴ򡣡ĺš
֮ǰһѻȸһ㶯ҲûСҲ٣һֱһֱ
˴һӵʱ䣬֨ѽһˡ
߳һ壬崩أӣޱ߷ӣʹµظɻĴûʲô
ҸгˣԼİ
Ǵ˳ˣŤ֫صԼҡ
زɵ̾ϢҪŴгֻҪƶſڴ󺰣ֱΪֹ
ʲôģǶٺôɤӲͣĽл㲻ӷһӷء
Ǵ߳Ժóؽȥ˵
ؽ£˵⣬˵Ŵһֶҩ֮󣬻˲ϳ˺յ֢״
л˵ƨţġŴȻǸûĵģû˵꣬ͱϡ
ػûһܹųһֱƢڹȥʵһҲܲĴ򣬺οǻϺء
ŴҩģҼǡĶ˵Ŵϲнҩˡ
ŴɵĿһۣôȷ˶ͨķգ
Ϊڶʱһٶĳִ֢״ȹҩ֮ܿܺãǸ˼ֿʼˣǺȹҩ˱Ǻˣ˷
֢״Ŵϸ˵
ŴԼӣǶҩȷʵġԲˣ˵ʱȥ˵ҲЩӰ졣ûнҩ㲻˼ˣ߰ɡ
û˵䣬Ҫ˸ϳԸ⡣
ҩƳģôûнҩ
˭˵˶ҩһҪýҩģŴ
սȭͷŴʵǳ̡仰˭ܳɱƢ

 84 

ôȥ, ԼŻҲѹŴҪôҽҼ˵Ĳ, 㿪, õģҾ, Ҫû취, Ҳʱ䡣
Ŵ˺һҪҸҩóʵҵҩ˭Ҷ֪֪׵, ˲ܻȾҵĶ˵ɣ˭ģ
ȥ, Ծͽԭί˵, ôһ, ̫ӵ̫ãԭͲǺӲ, ټⶾӰ, Դ, žҪ, ǰ͹Щǵľ𣬵׺⺢޹ѽʮ꣬Ҫɾزˡ
غҵˣϵյȶ, ֮飬֮ϣǰĴܹһȰٺӡ
Ȼô˵ŴǸӡ
Ѷҩ˼ңҹ̫ӣͲо𣿡վߵǰ
ŴȴǹЦЦ˺һͣŻشڹôЩ꣬˶Υ֮£Ǹĵģͻȥҩˣ֪ǻ;ѲÿҩҶȥһ䣬׼ĻǶ˵ģ˵ĻǶͨյģ̫ӵͨ˵ѵͲҪ¶ţûˣ
Ǹ򣬱͸βˣ˭ǵȶ˼á֪ͱˡ㻹ôأ˵öԣ㻹Ǹûĵġ
ˣӲԵĺĴƾһ죬ѽҩҪʵ֮ѡ
*

ѧ÷壬ֵּܶȥѧãڳСլԺ̫ӵʱЩн
ؾɽԴ鱾һ顣
ˮѵõȵλڼңԭźһú˵˵˭֪Ƕ˹ﲻ̹ûҲ˹
磬磬ΪζңˮʱίǶʲôݵĻ¡
˲ؾֵ飬СܴҴææܽʣҲɶͷԣСˮ˵ʲôأǶֻҪúÿ飬ﰲЩ
㣬Ҳǣѧ飬ѵڼһ죬һ춼ŹҪôҿǾǲԸ˵ҡˮίͰ͵ĴյǶм䣬ǿֵܣʹҲǴϲ½ѧãǻֵܰѧģѧ䣬Ҳû͵զôҡ
ˮˣؾ鱾ǲǶ㣬Ƕ̫ӵ¡Ҳ˵Ƕ㣬ֻǱһľ롣̫ӵϤȴһػؼҪʰģ̹
ˮͣɫԺһЩҲ˵һ
̫ӵʱһ飬̫ӵˣΪǶʲôֲҪᣬɡ
ߣͲˣͲˮСĹĵ
ɽڶСûԣ˵ô࣬զأֵܣզˣỹܰǺˣֵ֮˵̫ӵһ飬ǹ򣬲úðèĹ򾫽һ£Ƚ㻹˲ˣһ׼㣬ͷ㡣
ɽĻˮȻ˾ãѽһ̧ˮģ̫ӵ׽ж棬һնûҪн֪ˣܷ
һ⣬ɽ˸תܻԼԺӣ׼һ
ĸСӣоÿնֵͦģǰڽҪֶˡ
𽫾׺ʹ磬һȥҲһʱˣҲ֪߽սƽϢûСճؾʹżһЩϢʹûôעżһ죬֪š
ȻΪ̫ӵµ£լڳżһعҲǻټ
ʹʱƺҲʱˡ
뾩һգ֪ôģͻȻﻹЩġ
֮£ûֻ˵󲿷ʱ򶼼գνΪױзΪĿ꣬һ˵зķ²ҪôҪôʹڱľء
ڴȻ⣬Ҳ̫˱˵ķ²ζĵİɡ
뵽Щ񲻽̾һһԵؾˣ񣬽߰գˣ
ֳԴһƣҺ˵Ц
⶯ȴģؾҲûۣҲ治˵ˡö½򣬽仹ᣬɵλͣ⾩ͷЩأ˵û㣬Ҫѽ͸űˡ
۾һɣ˭˵Ҳˣ
ؾʼ磬Ʋô˵ͲһԶСޣ۵ޣҲǺ裬⡭Ǵӡ
΢аɣȷʵǴӣû뵽ˡ
ôҲеģֻǱϾͬһޣദʱ˼ܣ˵ֻǵܵǲ֪飬ġ
һԣ°ͣݴԺӡ
ԺĻʢȴȥͣԴԺԼҪæԲųأĹϵøոպá
ؾôһ˵ȴ˼޶ˣԺҲҪѰˣȻ϶˴ˣǲǾͲؾһʱ䣬Щ
˼ҴҸĹܼҸˡ
ˣϻλ˹ˡǽ⣬ƫ뿪ڴź˵ҪΧһȺſڿأôźá
˵Сǲͷ˵ģǹҲǸѲģѾ˿࣬ûܰȰߣµɴɴµŲٺ㣬Ҳ֪ǵʲô
ǰԺɣˣȥ
ǷСЩ̫ܼһȥš
ܼ֢״ƺҲȾ˻˵Ϣ񵹲⣬ܴȾرǹϵߣڽӴƱȾϡֻǳͷʱѰн涼ţʱҲûʲô֢״Ϊûӹһ١
룬ⲻǲֻʱδ
ǹǸĳŮˣСЩˡؾ䲻֪һ͹֮ľ𣬿ɹǺϵЩ£Ҳ֪Ǽĸòʲôˡ
ţô˻ţκβң룬ҲҼһ档
ͷȵǰԺȥ
֮ûǲߺ󻹵ðΣǲվҪСЩġ
ߵǰԺͼɴվǶܼҸոݵǰˣ
ʵңôˣǲǲˣ
վһԶλͣ£ϻȥȥˣ

 85 

ûлش, Ķǲ֪ʲôΪβ˵
ò, ȴûжĿ, ȷʵǲˣϻȥ, 㵽ȥûУ
ҡͷ
ҵ, ȥ˴򣬽վͲЩˡϳЩ㣬ͳйϵ, ȥɣˡ
ָԼ, տʼ, ϳЩ, Ҳв٣Ȼʱʹ, ͻȻĺЩĻ, Ҳûȥ, ֻ뵽ϴζ˵Ļ, һ
ɹ񣬲е£ʱڿһ֮ˡ
ʲôôܴȾ
ӳ뿪ֱҽȥ
*
ʱ, ûаʱʱ˵ҲظóƳٰʱϲˣ˶ˣӰ
ϱϾ̫ӵ£ܲýһӣ룬Ҳ룬кȳԡ
ֵּܵȵȶӣǲӸų
ԭǹ͵ܵһԷ͵ܵͬһסţԷܲõܿ͸ɴһйԷ
СڹԷԼ޹˸գϻ͸ʺ͸λһԷʱԼһ˵ԵġԴ˳ÿٷܹһһԣԵ󼸸껹²Ƶģδй飬Ըоرʡ
ĲɵĳԹڸɢɢȥԺʱҲ̻յ棬û飬ڰúȻطȥϢһϸ˵
ȻӦ£˱ȻԼ䡣
һӣسٳδ飬оЩѾ˼յƣԼط䡣
ȥ£شϸǺñ죬ܿů
ǵıǰ˯ıҪúܶ࣬һ˯ȥܿůͣǵǰϢʱҪСʱ˯ҪľǱ˯һŻůͣʱ˾ûʲô˯⡣
뵽ǰصӣƶҸ뵽Լͯ꣬ʱ֪Լּˣʱּҷ򸾳ŵĹŮĸĺãⱲӶжǡ
֪ʲôʱ˯ˣԼڵȳػؼҡ
Ժ䣬ж˯òǺܳܿѹ
۾м䣬иӰߣ˵ӣⱳӰϳǳء
ˣк
ػعͷڲţո¾ͱ㷢ˣһỳҵĹǲǲˮ׼
ԭΪܻܿû뵽ڵҹŽǡ
Ŵ򣬳ʵûƢ
ڼźࡣ
ôĿɻ˳ʵ
ó׼ЩԵģһ㣬ǴϢˣ˼£ߵߡ
ؾ˿УǲС
ȻЩСֶΣЩĥŴó˽ҩ
ȵսϸ֮ɻϾҪҪ̫ӵ·á
ҩϾǱ˸ģǲǶ֢Ľҩù̫ҽ֮ɻϾûҩϡ
·Ҫȥظ˳
ôˣôȥ
Ҹɡ
ôŸϻؾǣһ·ҲûôͣǳԹҲǶˡ
ƻʣЩԵģģǴҹǶθá̫ӵĲɫᣬѰ˼ŸټЩлּ򵥵ĳʳǻġ
ԭܾһԺӣҲֻøͷһȥĳ
ڵϹģһӰûУҵ̨ܿĶ
ܼ򵥣һӵʱ䣬Ͱˣ˫ݸء
ţæֽӹ
ȻطɡСıˡ
һֶ棬һ̨˲߻ط䣬ϻ˱ѣصȵɻȥԺ󣬲档
ֻ˼򵥵ĵϣżʹлĴ䣬Ҳζ
Щû¹ǰⳢ˿ζȷ̲ųԵ磬Ҳ̹
ԺˣŻ˳ˮĨ˰ϴŻط䡣
û˯ţ
ϣͻȻڣæһ죬Ҳ˰ɣЩϢ
˵꣬һվɰԴɽ˱
ؿ˲ҡͷЦ治֪ѧ˯ҪԴϣԺҪ˯һѣ⻹һ˯һŲС
ɫĬĬǱӴͷŵġˡֱߴȵĺŰĵ˯ˡ
ϰĺҹ᲻ʧ˯ţôͷ˯ȥ
ڶ峿ѹ˯ţֳ̳ڴϣһԽ
׼̧һȣͼ˶һֻ첲Ȼһֻ첲Դӱ˳
һۣſԼϷȻмŰҵľ룬סˡ
Ҿǡ³㣬͡ãڿڽ͡
Ӧ˯࣬Ҫ͵ԽС
һ죬Դٴ֪߰ɣ˯һ
оϷٴζˣȻǴЬһſ͹ص
ĽŲнԶ̽Դ˿
ûϰߣվûϰĿǰദ
ʲôʱ͵ܵһ޼䣬ۺʱεأоС
·Ҳȥ
ŷѾ˼ҪĽҩ˹ҩԽԽȻŴĽҩǷ˳εȵȣӣŴ֮ġ̡ͨ˵Խ
ԽЦû뵽û뵽ǸƢΪáͷǮҪ˵飬ҪָУ
ضŴ˲ȥۣŴֻǸûԵģ˵ϼ仰Ҫ뵽Ǵô˴гģһҲԺ˽ʱǷѽҩӳ뿪
ûҪǮ֮ǰһЩӵл
ˣ̫ҽȷҩûʲôŽҩظ̫ӷ´ҩǷܹҩ
ǡϣ̫ӵǷҩع
סôЩ죬ѹû˶֣Ѿµٶֻ֣ǶԼ֮ģҲҩҽ̫ӵ£ȵ̫ӵһغٹĳ֣
ֿԶܴ
̫ӻʱס㸮ϣ޽ջų˵̫ӵ֮ѽ⣬⼸⣬Ƿ¶β͡
زɫĳ˻ʵһۣ⻢ʶأϰ̫ӵƳȥƫҲ¡
ڹСʱڵȵ̫ҽѽҩͻǲҩûΣǷ֢Ҫ֪

 86 

شŽҩصԼ, һʱѽҩ͸ã½ҩ, ûоʲô쳣, ̫ҽһ糣, ûʲô֮
ٹ۲һ, ֢״Ƿٳ֣ʱҸסţֱȬΪֹص̫ҽ, ˵
ڳסʣ, Ȼûκ, ˮϱԺȥˡ
ؿԶȥıӰ, ĵðն, ԼΣ֮л֪, ֪߲η, ˵ľġ
Ϊߵ, ʱʱΪ£һˡ
󲿷ֶԺӸǰġ
ȥţ˱ڿ߽һƣ䰮µĻӡ
㻹ϲЩ
ǶЩ˵İ, úܣûģƫƫôЩ˻ͦϲģղ֣һ㣬ȷʵ޷⡣
żĥʱ䣬Ҳرϲ׺͸磬ս˹Ҳ֪û˵й£أҸ׵Ϣ𣿡
ͻȻǳû뵽ģؽ˵ǸϢҲʲôϢԭŵȵϢٸͻȻǴǲá
ô˵ʲôõϢٴ׷ʣòش
ȷʵйǵϢҲȷʵʲôϢ˵˫սʱ˽ˣʧˣзûץǵҲһֱҲ䣬в֪
ڹǣû˹ոҲʲôֻܸһ¡
۹ܲҪһѵ뷨û취Ըˡ
飬濴صĻԺйһ飬δǸõϢ
ڲÿףÿŽǳ£Ӱеġ
㲻̫ģսʱз˽þɳзḻľԱԼֻҪһûҵʬ壬ǺϢ
֪ǣµǣץ²ĥֻϣ˽Ҫôùо֮֡
ϣ˭ҲﲻæأҲԹ˲ϾΪ̫ӵ֮¶ѾǹţƺҲ
ⵣǵģЩڣڲôֱ˵ЩϢһ½չ͸㣬㸸ܹƽ
ʱش߽λõĹǣʱ̲ڵԼ׵İΣ
ովһս˫ڼ䣬Ȼ˲ʿȥѰ׵䣬ˣûи׵ϢȵĲ
ûףԺǹ˼ھǵǾҪˡ
ҹĳȥѰҸ׵䣬ҹŻؾӪϢ⼸ײھӪȫʩͿ˳ۣײʸս
ײڣԵӡȥ룬ǸĲˣԺûл·Ϊ͢Լ
ӼеҪҵףиڣĹǡ
ȻʱˣԲʱ˱һũҸ˻ȥ˯ҹ֮ȴ֪Լںδ
չǻ˼ҸǴӼҸɽͷпڣŰȻҰ˼ҲûʲôҩֻѰֹѪݸϡ
⼸ϸգΪû취ҽκû뵽ƾԼǻָĹ
ãԼսػˤȥʱڶ࣬ѹڼʬ¼͸վֽôҲʹҲ֪ô˾ͻ˯˹ȥѾ⻧˼
˼ңлľ֮չˣȫĶ飬պһֻû취ڴ˾¡
˼ҾûҪرԼҲЩҩˣæڰ֡
䲻֪ʲôݣҲǻˣһʤ߼͵ΪԼԺ»ˣ㲻̫ڷϣȻҪ죬Ǳ߰ɣҲûʲôǮֻܸ㼸ձ·пڳԵġ
˼Ҵ˻ȥ·ߣ˼ҸǼձ뿪ʱǧл
ʵңԼӣ»ŵİΣЩȥӪȫһ˵ģӸû֮ء
ɽԽ룬һʱ䣬쵽ʱŲǵĻصӪҵڴӪû뿪
Ǵʱɴ߻ԶԶϤıӰһϳף˳ܹȥסĸ첲ףˣ⼸ҵȥ㣬ǸˣɶûҵȥɰǸĵġ
ţƮһůΣѹͷ׻Լӿף춼ˣ䣬ӪǶѾӪϢ
Ƕһ߽ͬӪûȥӪǽ⼸֪һֱԲѣҲΪ˰Ѻ
Ǳ˸Ȼ˼ңҪõоץ²ǿɾͲˡ
Ϣɣȥ
ⷬúȥúһ£ҪΣ˫ѷ֣޷ʤˣټȥǴıҪһˡ
ʱһζĽ˵ġ
ǽͣһ⻰ۣǰΪ˰߽սʿѹо˽ôͶ͡
ͲͶҲһҪǩɥȨЭ飬ֻҪʣǲôսʿ߽ҲԻúƽкβɡ
Ȼ˫ܹЭսҶ¡
ĹƶԷʱҲѾǿ֮ĩʱͶԷЭ̣ġ
⻰˵Ҳмֶҡ͢ҲӦҲԱʵôҲһ£һ϶Ƕٻмʧ
ǰϲûᵽһ˵ҪͶԷͨͣսҲҪõϵɲС
ȥͶԷЭ̣ܹ֮ʾϣɻ϶ᡣǻϲ׼ǱֻԡѪսƴס
Ǹıˣȣһôڳ͢У˲ٺͣȵԸţҲǱ䣬ǻ׼ˣǱ԰չĽͶԷ̸͡
ûзԣȻҪʱ䣬˻ϵͬ⣬ǱԸеȥ̸С
գӼսҹͽС
Խһ˵µսֱۣ˵޹˵
˵ϢͽϣţԸ
Ϣϣһ䡣
Խͷӹչһ˲ü
ȥû뵽Ǿ͡вǸеʧ
һЦӵϣһɫ֪ˡ


 87 

Żɫ, Ҳ˵ֻǴŵĻڵŻϢ, ôһԲ, վڱҲôߣֻҲŵš
һ֮, Խ̾˿, ЩˣԽԽûǰϽ˰
ǰϽǸĽź͵з, Ϣͻؾ϶ᣬͷҲġ
Խë, д, ּ͸֮, Ž½ظ
ȥɡ
һֱԺţһԸ, ǰס, ͷȥˡ
ʱ, Խ, ɻ󣬼ȻԸΪҪӦǵ׼أ֪룬ҲȥʣĬվһԡ
*
Ϣܿ쾭ɺةഫض, Զʡȥ͵з֮£ֻ߹ҵЩˣΣա
֪ǣ񳹵׷ڣǾͲ£ҲΪǶ˹ൣǡ
ⳡսغܿǻƽ
˰ο
ʵֻ֪ǰοĻڶоǾĪİġ
վԣߵһôԷ
֣ס䣬ڸߣҿɺã
ѵõ󣬳ôþܾסַԼ䣬ĸ첲Ժȥ
ƹסǸԺӣ˸ƫƧС˵ڸš
Ǻĳֹʶ˶˵ôǰţۡ˴Ȧʼû˵
ǰǳǰע⵽ų˽⣬ԶԶ
ǰܾúһЩʲô
ЩʲôأЦţͷ
Ҳ֪ҾǰһͷЩ
Ҳǡ
ȻûϵػظǰһȻϱӳԹĿ࣬ԭ·һأҪ˵صǸȣȷʵкܴ𣬿ĳģһֱûб
һиУЩദУҪԼļƻٽһ
Ժǻ𣿡
ģҲģڵȴһŵ
ǻõķչҲ仯⣬ֻҪҵδĻʲôõĵģ
⻰Ī泩ȻûеõκγŵĻġ
Ե֣õôδ顣
ҹǱ߿˿űĻͷʱײī
һ仰Ҳû˵ıסûκðľٶֻôס
糿ʵ˸ĵʡ
۳أɫЩƣҹû˯á
ЦеϺáǿջЦӣв⡣
ҹﱧСĳ۵ģ˯ðȣʱһСֱˡ
ɣ´ȥ
Լ˸۾ߡ
ֱʱŴ
зʱ궼ʱʱ΢΢ЦЦӡ
һ۵ɹȥٲҿֻǾþûд¡
ɻĿһ̯ԡ
磬ּҴ硢ȥѧãС򣬹һԹۿ
Դӷ½ҩ֮ۼûгֹ˷ð֢֮״
ʱΪ׼ˮСĵȣ˲٣Ҳ˲٣ʱˮԲ£ֻǳԹˡ
ϻط䣬⵽죬һ
ɫĿһۣӹóҪ£ֱԡȥˡ
Ŵʣµһ죬ǵһ
°ͣѾµΪΣͻȻôת䣬֪ʲô£ͻȻͨˣ
ԡҷȥһʱ𣬱Լ·Ҳԡȥˡ
ԡԡͰԡˮ˺ЩʲժĻ꣬ƣ޵ĻƤӰ𪡣
ڳһĸû˸ðһ֣ԡʱ˺û˸ҽԡҰ벽ʱһԡ£˵̺
Լ˼ûв߽
ڸСָʱ˰Ѵϵıһʱ·ͷͳˣû̧ͷһۡ
ǰҹﻹ׽Ȼ˲ʲôǰվǲһġ
룬ӦǶ˼ġ
ָˮƯĻ꣬ŵĶǻȥ̹Ȼ
վԡűߣὫźϣȫûвԼĴڣվűߣãǰ߽
ĽŲأߵԡͰ߲һʱͻȻʶˣһͷûһ˫˵ѥӾͰˣֳ·סԼϰй
ڵԼ󣬳ѾߵԡͰϣò˿
㣡ôͻȻˣŵһΪʲôͽӣҪء
˿ȴδɿҪ£
ٻôûصģͻȻмʲôǷǵҪ˵ģĪǡ
Сһףվҵܵܳˣ
ؼȻˣͷᰴֱԡͰ
ûе£Сı
˵ţҪȥڵǰ·֪Ӧʱ·Ѿˡ
˫ȣ˫ֻסϥǣƵĵų·ĳء
תʪ͸·ӵһԵϣٿݺݵ񣬡Ҿ˵ҲرҪ£·ʪˣһֱˮġ
˺һƽ롣
һһԡͰĿģóμˡ
ʵɡǶɻˣҲǷޣ⿴һҲûʲôģҪġİοĻֱӺ쵽˶
Ѿչһذһᣬ˵֪дӦ㣬ɻһ꣬ܵǶھˣ֮ҲϤЩһ𡭡ҲͦõģԺҺúչ㣬òã
ǰһľ©һġ
ȭͷŵȫƤˡ
סСȭͷֽȴԸɿֱ۵ڵ£ձ
۾εľء
ֱģḧţ̲ס۾һۣЦӡ
ʶĵͷԼǰһƬ껤ţ͸ˮ棬Ҳֻ֣ûȫ¶֮¡
԰˵Ͳ
ս֣֪Ҫ
ů㣬Ȼǲµġ
ԡͰֽ˽ˮȷʵߣҪϴ͵øϽģȻˮ㻹ûϴ꣬ôźá
һ˵ˮ棬ڵЩ궼ԡͰߡ
ƻĶŪÿЦã˵ҲΪ˸ģɡʹͨˣʹʲô˼ҲＱֱ׷ԡҰɣôϴϴɾ
ƣôϴ
ܲȳȥϴ˵
Ͱ͵
ЦЦûоܾУ㣬ʲôҪһ
ҪȥͺáҲû;ܾĺ⣬ԼϴˣҪ˷̣Ҳȫоء
û˵ֱ˳ȥ˳Ÿϡ
ûж֮ϴ
ÿնԡҲٺϴϴҲ͸ɾˡ
ϴ֮վҪȥ·Լ£ոѾŪʪֱӵһߵĵϣԡͰкüԶʹ˹Ҳʪû취ˡ                        
лҪ˵ڲμĩաոһ֣¡
ܺҲҪμӣΪ˱ϺƵ
ܿʼ
ÿܶĸһ£ո¡
һ岻£Ϊĩ塣

 88 

Ͱɫıɴ, ʪ͸֮ϣȲ˵߳ȥ᲻, ʪʪ͸ú, ڵסʲô
ԡصķ֮ܽͨ, ͰѴ·һԵͰ, ԻȥϴƽʱǴ»طֱ죬û
յ, ʪˣ֮ǰ·Ҳ, Ѳɾȥ
ѾԱʱ, վԡͰ, ѣʵǷա
ոջôϵľܾİæ, Ц
ˮ, תԡŵķ, һ, أ㻹𣿡
ûҪ󣬳ѾŶ룬ųµ¡
ô֪
ӹ·ĸм
ո·ӵģ֪ܲЩϰ, Ҫˡ
رȥߴ컻·
ҲûŤ²ӣ¡
·֮󣬳طԼ·ȥԡҡ
һȥСʱ
ôʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ù侲Ϊܷ֮׼
ԡ߳ԡңͱܼҰ;
үةˣǰȥ˵
ܼЦ˵С
ʱ˵ģǼټˣҪǶԷү游ҲүȥˣƫƫүĳܼҵľٴĵӣҲҾôúةԱŸѽ
ڣһá
ѽ˵м£ڹȥһ档ֱܼðүᣬҲͦ˵ģںžҪˡ
ؿһ۷䣬ûٶ໰ŹܼһǰԺˡ
ة࣬еĲãƽĻһ游
ѽʵ³ȻҲô㡣һڣΪԼѣةɫһЩż˵̫ӵµӿɺЩˣԹҩûã
ˣʱû쳣û֮ǰⶾǽˡϵ˼ٹ۲켸գڰ˻᲻ô˻֡
ةͷȻ֪ġ
ôΪ˴£˵ֵµ˲̫ƽһֱƵ֣ǰ಻סһҪСģϣҲܷɡʱʱػ̫ӵߣ֪𣿡
صס̫ӣ׽סˣǱ˴󹦣֮õ˵óѣ̫ӵˣƽѽ
һ޷ǾҪСĽ⡣
ةҹ׿һ˵øжġ
ò׽ةߣĿةฮȥˣſ첽߻Լ䡣
ȥʱĵƻûϨ
߽һƣֹѾ˯ˡ
бԴڴߣһֻѣڰգҲһ¡
ҪƽʱǺñӣ԰˯
ɽҹƽʱͬ
ֻʣһӣӾʵҪ˯£ƱҪ߳Щӹȥů˯
ؿյĿ˯˶˯ᣬױѣҪһӣһѹ
شϣ˯£һӣŲŲλá
ıѹòرʵһ͸ˡ
˯ڱ߽ŵоһůϺܿůҲ궯
ӣߣȥס˳ƽ˶§
š
ʶĺһ˱ѣɴֱϡ
ڻǸжҲƽϢŻ
ĺü٣żһȴûбѣеʧ䣺ƽʱôѹô˯ô
ƤĴʹ˫۽գ˿ûļ
Ҳ̫Ѱˣòᡭ
ԺһͷٶķӦԽԽøˡ
Ӵ󵨵ĴһĺҲʼˣһ٣žҹܹĺĻһ
ܹ϶װ˯Ҳ;ˣ˼װûѡ
䱳һ㶼ûŲӣʹЩܣܸоӵķӦʼն۾ɵ˯š
񡣡֣֪Ӧ̲סϲ㡣
ںܾǰͿʼϲˡ
㺬޶գֻԼûס㡣
Ⱳ㣬ҵһУҪ䱦
ΨԼü
飬û취ֱ˵ף֪ϲ˭Ȳϵġ
ĶӴ󵨣¿ᱡ赲ʹ£Ҳܸܵӵ΢Ӧ
ʼձ۾ֱ˶
ץסֱָۣ΢΢

ǰСǰ
ȴӳ־
¡
૵Ĳ
о΢΢ðźȵ͸ƿһǣһ´ڽ˴ʸС
΢¹£ϵʹ࣬תΪƽպ˵ģ͸죬촽΢ţɤ۲ʱһϸ΢Ľߡ
칻ˣñӽ˰סģ֮κһһεԽܿߣԽ뿴ÿһӦ
ĩˣͷһڣı˯
һҹΣ糿˶һǺȣҪǲǹڼˡ
һ𣿡
۾Ťתӣñ
ô˵ó緹֮󣬶˽ԡ
ɿ˼·Ҫ´ȥԸ
𣡡ڿ˿ڣһȥ԰ɣնһԵģͻȻڷԣǻġ
ֳŴҪһҹʹһӿʹǲ߶ˡ
ɻشϣԹĿһۣģڷ԰ɣ˵ҹû˯ãٶ˯һǽձҡ
ؾɽûʲôˮϲ˵һղƵûš
ıӣϲϹôģһղȥҲġ
һҹڣǸúúϢǣҪǵˣԸ˯÷
·ӵĳȥ棬ԸѾȥó׼Եģȥˮкû±ߴŹϢ
һԺһȭ˳׾ˡ
ܿóԵģԶ˽
һ緹׼üʢô࣬һԵꡣ
ⲻ𣿡
ϴٻص䣬ֳ࣬Щˣڳصıٺ뼦
ٳԲˣ糿̫ãˡ
ǿ˰ʣµĶȥ
ߵߣֱӺʹ̶Ѿ˴µģоȣոҲǳȥϴ˰һֱڷԷʲôʱģȻһӡûС
˯ɣӻô
£ۡ·ʱǲȻӣػš
ŭĵһۣûˣȥæİɡ
תٿ۾ʹʱ˯ȫޣҲװ˯
εҡͷǶˣ㺦ء
ȥ鷿ˣʲô£˹ҡ
ȥ鷿ǰȵˮǱ߿̫ӵ¡
һԣֱ˵˺ةкͶ
һǿԼҲҪģʲôԾģˣ֪𣿡
ͷԼĴײˡ
ıץסԺʹǻ˹Ҳð
븸һֱΪģϣܹ̳иʵĻλøΪ
ôᣬô뿪
̫ڣǷġ
װ򶨵˵ֻ

 89 

һ, ûôţ˯˴, Էʱ, ǳѶý
ʵ޴󰭣Щ, ûص˷ŵĵز, ֻӱ±˿ԾڷϢһա
ȵڶ, ȥԷʱܵһϵ´
, ôˣôûҴ򿴿ѽ
ˮɵĹ, ȴо, ʲô⣬Լ˼¶ˡ
˯ò̫, ûʲôҪ, Ͳˡͷ, ܹȥ
ˮŶһ, ֺǺǵĳ緹ո˵Ļûж룬ؾĬĬ˹һۡȻû˵û浽ŵĽڣҲֻˮСܱŪȥ
ؾԹɽһ, ⼸ѧﲼõѧҵ࣬еЩЩȥѧãûʱ顣
ԼҶܣʱ˵ӲĹȫܰʱɣˮƽһеƫϣһ۵ѧӣ˷еĺѧ
ؾԼǴ磬ԺƱصöһôʱܡ
ֵѧҵϰž׷ҸϵģǸ໥֮
ѧϣʣǶͬʱֻش𣬷ӱǸԴˡ
˵Ĵͬʱõӵͬɷ˵һ䣬ɽļΪһЩ
ؾЩѹŬƫƫɽѷһЩ
ѧ·ϣɽеķƣֹסӣȤ磬𲻿ģеĲܣ˱ˣδܹãֻ飬ʲôҲᣬպ»̴չء
ؾƳһۣƨ˱ˣǻǼٵ˵ãǱãαҪΪҽڡ
ɽ§˵ѽÿ˶ԼרұĲɣֻ飬㲻ͬˣѧЩǴÿɺˣǶֵܵģǺʱҡ
ؾ΢һЩôԼܵܰοɲζ
ˣˣؼҰģֵΪ㵣ġûƼǾ񲻼õӣͱ㵣ˡ
һЦ໥żȥ
ջص磬ûĵȴڹ
ǰ˶վԺ￴Щܣ˵ͬһƷֵĻԺŵľʢñԺĸΪïʢ
Ҳ֪ǹرúãԺĻƷʲá
ֲ֮һľ
غһһһߵ̸أ˵Ц
˯ʱͻȻ߽ıѣҪֵ磬߾ҧˣССһߣȫɫһԾͺǿ
ֳ֮£߰ס˰߸֮æ֪ͨء
ظոϸѲһ飬ûĶ˽ȴˡ
߹ʱ¡
һǰ˾ס죬ûټ˵
լֲﶼԽģ߳ϵķһլӸΪģסôʱ䣬Ī˵ˣһֻûпƫƫһ־Ĵϡ
СΣżȻ
һȥͺة͹ﴫϢһ̫ҽʱʱߣһʲôʧҲܹʱΡ
ܼҴȥ̽һȦûҵκ˿ߺԼڽģΪ˱©ŹˣܼһǰѽյԺӵ˶еԺУʡ
ȷû֮󣬲ŷǻȥɻ
ʱܼһɿڵĲһظ
û˿ɣ
⸮ôû˸ڹбĿܣ
ģһȥʹˣЩСѽеʲôƷֲֶ壬һɫҲ֪жһ£ĺ£װġ
û½ˣڡʡ
ܼҹҡͷûеģҼǵúˣǵʱةøۡʱһ͹ģֹãҾûٶˡ
ȥ
ԣʱµ
δϸ˵ˮǶ˵Щ֮ǰ¶ɣָķŶߣ֪ʹʲôʽ
µ֣ݶѽ
ǰֶκǵ洫
ձƽʱҪѹ֣ˮİΣֻһСٳԲ£ﴧ¶θͬѣ͸Ӳᣬⳡ粨ĹؼʱΪӺ̫ӵ£ͦġ
ؾһۣһֱǶЩɿһģԼҲûϼڣǿӦˡ
ҹزŸոҪ˯£ͷˡ
˵Ǳֳˡ
·ҴҸϹȥĵܵǵİΣҲ뿴̫ӵµҲһȥ
Ƕֵּܺˣ̫ҽźǣͨͨܵԺƻͨȴû˽ȥ
ôˣ
ʵ
һ״ε˵Ż
ԭЩƣһʱ˯ţˮһ壬ˮ綼ڸ飬ʮְ˭Ҳᾪŵ˭
µһ룬ͼһӰ׷ȥʱѾǽˡ񵱳ͽȥ׷ݣѸոδɵָ꣬˭֪ŻûͿݶץСߡ
ڣжڣٶ֮죬Զܡ
ֿĽŹϣнܳӣǵĽкҲһӡ
ߵ񷿼䴰һСƣĵϣϣ϶Сߡ
Щ䣬ЩõǣֻҪһ䣬ҧһڣǲҲȥ˰
ˣö̡
ߵİʱλһȫȻԸûһ˿ɡ
Ƕ˳Ժӣⶾɢˡ
ǶţԽ˰ȫΧվܳߡ
ͷܰǶ߶ضһҲһ§ˮļ򣬰ץոǺһȥķ䣬Ͳôһ
뵽Щ¡
ˮûú£ֻǾӵСôŽȥģһ־ͱǷˣҲ˴ӴӴܵԺǽʧǰ
̶̵ʱڣ￴򷿼ͶŶߣô
ȰѷĶȫ֮ЩסڱǣȥѶ߶ȷϷ޶ߵӰٰ֮дö̿ԾƮɢ
ֶںܼĻ²ãǱ紵ɢϡ͹֮ΣҲôǿ
ڼ䣬ػûǿԺӣȵĶʬһɫһóӵǰʱµ˵Ŀġ
ǹȥ׷ġ

 90 

ôС, ȫòװţڡûʱ, ӽ, ٹǲ⣬ܳȥ׷
ֻ, Ƿ½, طʱǲСģܾɥڶ֮ڡ
ʲôֶ, ȴЧ
ֻף˵һηʧ, ΪƫƫҪִٴη, һַʽ, ЧʣΪʲôҪСء
˰ʬ, ùܼʰһԺ, Ǿס
סķλ, ̫, Ժÿ㰲Ųͬķ䣬˯ǰҸ㰲š
Цѣ˴ӦҲ֪˵ʲôû뵽Ѿ˯ﶼñܵĵز
鰲׵֮Źݡ
ǻӣҹġ
յ, ˼ƵȲ磬游Ҫ
̫ӵ֮£ȻϻΪţ±ۣ
ذŹ񣬻ط˻˵˻˯¡
ôһ⣬˶ûʲô˼ҹ˯ṳ̂ʵ
ڶһ磬Ȼϣةһ͵ŰݷãȷǣȻֽ֮׽һʻ
ҹȥ׷û׷ϣˣڰ;壬֪ܷ֣֤ݡ
ݹȥһ壬״ͨͽûʲôʵظãͨ͸Щˡ
ة壬׼ȥϽʾһβ
˼ȻһһεĶ̫ӵ֣˶Ҫȡ̫ӵµɲٳˣһҪСģáѵŲһȥʹʲôҲѾȫϱԹ㡣
ŵĵ游˯ȥô졣
ةȻûʲô׵ģʲôܹ̫ӵµҪģ
ةһߣ˲˿ϣԼôͬΪ;ϵĴ󳼣ҲǺģ̫ӵ£ȷʵܹռٲٷѾ˵ˣ׷һȴˡ
Ҫ׷ǿ׷ġ
͹ǰкͺͬ˯һݣéͬһˮ֧ʹԺӣֵּܵ˯һԺӡ
ôһֿǹֻʣһˣ˯ǰѺе˵˳Ҫ˱ŽڵĿ˳˽ӵ
кüûȥûʲô°ɣ
ɵĳЦţûУʲôѽϵС鷳һѽҲˡ
ĲȨ̬ȴͬú£Ժţ֪ԭﻹ˵£һС죬ƽʱȥЩϰӣԻǱӲƲȫʵʾǶթ
ҪҲ࣬һһӣļҲԸģգϴ١
ʵܶϰ嶼֪ºСѲ˸ϵԼ⣬Ҫ˹ȥɾͺȥԶϰ嶼ԹԸǮȨƲˡ
ǰСǰƷˣʱСһţҲϢˣһӾһӰɡ
˭֪ȨȴǲãһһӣһʮʹС㲻ںӣҪű˴ǮҲܵġ
СֱӴ˳ȥŸַ棬С֣ȡѹԵʤ
С㣬ʱûƼѽһȭһţܴвպзʲô¼Ͱ㵽ͷϣܵĺǣ׷һݺһ١С챻ˣ֮Ҳûϳ֣ϰ嶼һ棬ٸӸС
˵Ȩʱ¼ȫһӢ۵Ůģ
㻹ͦϲȨ
֮ǰǳֵģǻദáԸСȨȴǲԸģȨ֮ǰźѧд˱ʶ֣ȫΪԺӵĻ׼ء
һˣӵȶ֮иˣȨ滻ʱʲôĲ£ȥܻȱ֣Ҫôɰ
ڿŮĶĽģİŻҲǺõģһ࿴ۣͳˡٵǱ磬ȨϱҲ䣬Դϲ
ڻ޸𣿡
ǵúʱ˵ʱûжȨݣž÷СݣҲûѡ
ұ磿СôͻȻôʡūû뿪С㡣
ŵİ֣ΪҪӳ֧ȥū澻С߶꣬С㲻Ҫūߡ
źкܶ࣬ƽʱæ⣬С̺Ȼǵ࣬ڣСϴ˯ǰԡòźڳԹԣƺ˿п޵ĴڣҪǻӹţһ̤ʵо
ĶȥˣҾ뷨ҾȨͦģҶҲһֱ⣬ѽҪϲȨҿԸý̽̽뷨Ҳ⣬һչˣҲ뿪һжǰһ
ȵŴͣζûܺϡ
磿һ
Сӵ˼붼ûѽǱµıҪڣֺãÿµǮҲֻ࣬ѽôһء
ŮﵴҪǰ統δ๫ƺҲͦģС˵һ֮ҲûȥԼС̺С㣬СӣھҲ֣Ȼ֪ÿҪ̫ء
ã˵ãһĶ
ɵģɵЦôһģҪʵû˼Ҳǣߣˣ˱£ҷ˯ţЩȱģһ
֧ʹȥԼ˱ϸ
߳䣬ﻹŹոն˵Ļûע⵽ǰˣôӭͷײȥ
Ӵ
ײŶˣŶͷ
ʲôأĲɵģźСɱ
һ̧ͷոŵ磬һ죬Ҳ˲϶ͷʹܻܿԼ䡣
ȨŤͷܵ÷ɿıӰѾͷôˣײһ仰ûУôˡ
°ͣûȥ
ճǷǶ̫࣬ӵڸУŴΣ֮£ѾøĻ̻̣һ£²Сı¸ǣ
̫ӵûʲôӡƽʱҲټ棬̫ӵΪͣûʲôӣԴ˼Ϊǫ˳ܹһֱĳģҲһ
ԣϣڴϳһ޹عֻǲϣδĪȺ
ϧƷҪտСҲԸ漰档ضüֵ飬ļ룬Դ´Ҳ𲻵ʲôؼԵá
һ࣬ȨЦҡͷҵʲôģǶҲ֪ʲôʱܹȵһ졣
*
ڳصı£ٴζȹһƽҹ
ûٳ֣ƺǷ˶Ϯ
زʱ֪̾ʵͬͬ˯ŵǹȴΪ˱òʱʱߣԻİȫ
̫Ҫĵ㣬ȥˣģ˲ˡ
ûа취Ϊ˰ȫþܾıɰأʲô쳣Ҳ֪ˣϻ
ˣϰ㽻ңҾ͵ðƽƽĽҪȱ˸첲ȵģͷϲ鷳
ԴСģ֪롣

 91 

ȥԸһ춹ɳ, Զ˵
ˣ, ʹļ, £ҹҹ˯ڲͬ, оɺѽȤ˵
, أÿ糿֪ԼںδβܷӦ, ´Ҳԣլô, 㰤˯, ܹС²
͵Ц, ˰ɣһ, Դ̡졢ͷЩҪ󲻸, ҹҹ˯, ǽܲ˵ġ
еĵǻ, ʹһ¶߳ȴͬˣ⻻䣬ñҪ·ߵʱ򻹵ʰԼ£Ŷо鷳
һʢ춹ɳ, ոģţǴٳ԰
ǵķݷˣȥˮҲһ룬ʣϣǻʱԳԡ
ⶫȵҲУٳҲУֻҪ̫ʱȵζá
زϲʳֻС룬񵹾ζһ뻹Щδϧȥ֮ûٻǷֵòࡣ
̫˵ʲôʱܻعȥҶЩˡ
ߣǻʹķҲ֪ڹǷǣ
ѰĸԵˣΪΨһĻӣСܳ谮ֻҪҪĶ뷽跨ҲѰȻʹЩˣˣľǸʶĽ̵Ҫѧϰһι
ССļעҪеž޴Ρ
ˣȰץͿˡ
ʵ֪ʲôʱܻعһлӻϵķԸĲ²⣬ֻҪܰץţʳй̫ӵĻ֤ݣ¾ˣ֮ҪôԸǶֵ֮飬޹ء
ʰˣǣȻܹع̫ӵ¡
Ųճ̳գû˳֣Ƿ˶Ķ
ʾة࣬Ƿ԰̫ӵ¸ͻعȥةʼǳַ̬ȣ˵ԺǻΣգҪȵٴ֡
ظıԣĴתסٴι̶һԺס£ҹһԣż͵ðУȥҹ˵
ȥҲ֪ղǸͷ̫ӵµҪ˵ҲܽҪÿ˵ʱܸоᣬ˵ʲôǴ뿪Ϊأϳ֡
֪αԼĸлԷǣңһһ⻤̫ӵ¡
̶ĵգϣȨԺȾƣϼСˣȨһһţȴ£ͻȻȾơ
ҪƣҲˣֻоһ΢΢⣬ɿĳˣȴǺȵ糺죬ɢ룬Ӷҡһεģòᡣ
ˣһһĺš
ȨȾʱͻأӣҲ֪Ϊ˺ȾƵġ
̫ӵ£ĪǡΪԻˣõΪлɳˣװģ
һ㣬Ȩʼƣ˺ȹ̳ƣվ̳ԺǶſԺʯϣ˯
ʱҹĵأżڸ߹ܹĽŲԺӡ
ȻʱݶϳһӰ˲ӼᣬʹƬҲ˿Ӱ·ٶȡ
һԺˣһԾ£ֱﴳȥ
̨̫ӵʱûһ˿ԥεȥ
񾪽һܹһɽӶĹƣѧһӵĹ򣬵ȭԶƤëɶĸ֣㿪ʼмܲס
ǡʱӰХǺһ֪Լոջʯϵˣʱӣһ˿̬
Žֱ˴̹ȥȨҲ˵԰ΧǺˡ
ةཻˣһҪڣȻûĹʣϺѹסү͸ѶȣҪɱһ֣Χ֮ʤܴ󣬿Ҫ׽ˣʹɱ֣÷ԾЩʩչ
սǷǳ˿ЩСˣǺȴһ¶ûС
صһٲֱ֣ȡҪ͹ȥ
ȨĶ̫ӵǰ⵶ۣ˼޹Ҳֻһ¶ԷߣԻ˵Ч绤̫ӵ£óؿ԰֮򶷡
˼ģ˿֣ҲֻҧӲţ˹򲻷£⣬֮ǽ塣
Ժ⣬వǽԺŰΧʹǺӣҲӲǵΧ
ǼԼûȫ񣬴򲻹أû취룬һСҩƿƿƿҩ赹
Ȩ״Ҫǰȥֹˣؿһһסĺֶĵӵһԡ
˱Ǻ죬òҩ˳
ؽѹڵϣȨҳӣֽŶסʱ߽ųذϵĺڽ¡
ȫһİףǳأ񣬶δ
ûŵʣ԰˸͵ةฮ
ةһ֮˿ץˣǸģæ˽ϡ
εҹʣ̷֮£˹Ȼˡ
ǲ²Ĳ޶㣬ָʹ̫ӵʹɱֵ˾
ĿڹΪ֤ݣԽδʱ˿ͣ̽
ھ֮ԼصͻȻټһ̵׼ûУͱѺͽ
үʹϼ٣ҲȫԼ׼ʰңһ·ǣϲѺͽвȻǳʲô£
һյ·̣ѴӾĸۡ׽˾ǵĻʹ
ǼδֵʱһϾ飬֪
֮ǰ뵽ˣֻûʱ²ּ֪ͨĻᶼûС
ʱԮվԽǰǿű򶨡
ϣͻȻټܣ֪Ϊ£
ȿ˿ڣϾԽһֱҲ˵չϾ
ʡȥԼге಻ʣȫƽĺͨŵֻ̬ϣ˽Եɡ
ʲô£
Խһֻûָˡ
ԼӦ𣿡
һڱŭ״̬һ¶޹˵ĹֱͨӴֱû˴ЭԼȥ
ʱһԵĺةһүǰ̫ӵ岻ʣ£үҲ˵˵ģԭⶾˣҲûˡ⵽ĴεϮǰգץһˣŴζ̫ӵ²ǿ֮£ָʹ̫ӵµĶ֡
ةôһ˵ࡣ
ˣ⻰ɲ˵ġδ̫ı֮ģ˵ǰ¶ɱЩ¶뱾޹ѽҲûΪԼԩתԽϣòһ֮ԣΪܻı̫Ӱɣ
⻰ʻԽⷴӦҲ֪ˡ
㵱֪̫ΨһĻӣǳ͢ϣ̫һ٣ٶȺ뷽跨Ѿ˼ץס֮ˣǱž֮ģҪ˽ᣬ⽫֮ˣҲƣȻġ
Խ˵Ĺӵǰ
ǷݹʣһҲֻ֪һд棬沢ûﻭѺӡȥд
ϣ˳ȷʵǲʶţȥ̽ı̫ôܲƾһ֮ԣͰñӿڳܵͷϡ
˵пϣڻʵͷϣҲ˵ʲôĻֻӼŭ
УҪ֤ݣ޾͸㳹ڼ䣬ڹ
Խ˵⻰ûˡ

 92 

ڹеȺ֤֮, ܿ촫صĶУڴ֮ǰ, û뵽ϻôֱ˵İүץ, ӦѾ˲йı̫ӵµ֤, , ݺȨƣһ˵Ŀڹ㾪ŵʲôͲһ䱧ǸܹӦùȥġ
ʱ, ڻʹ֮вɵү鼫Ȳãæ, ûü, , ¶ڹǻϳǲ֪ʱ, ֱıȨ, ˶ս֮, ǿˣ
̫ӵ¶, ֻ֪飬һж˰ŵģ˶ھǣϢ©ȥġ
̫ӵ涾֮Ŵ˴ɱ˵зŶ޴Ϊ, ˵˽⣬ϲֶ
֮ǰô̫ӵ֣״ôöû˲쳣ôƫƫ¶һ֮󣬷ʹ©ٳء
ûʵ֤óǰ֮ǰһУǻõ֤ݣ˵ָ֤ҲָʹӰ̫ӵµ彡ûе̫ӣȡ̫ӵôص
£ԶûԤƵô򵥣˳֮ʱͳ⵵£ҪҲû취İţЩǲǳ֣֮Լ뻹Щ
үߵſڣͱԲү֮ڴ˱֤үһ
үֻϴ˵ҪһŮԶһˣŮ涼ûžͱ˹ڻ˺̫ӵµɷһڹзƣֻԼŮԽ˼֮
ϢԽԭǲԸðү棬ةȴȰϣֻһ֮ʣȻ֮ǰ෽ɶָ׻ûʵ֤ǶүǷ΢ЩԸǿƣھҲûֻҪ˺ܣӦûʲô⡣ǸŮһĵǲ֪Ķ
Խһ룬ة˵Ҳԣ׼󣬰ð̽
ںȻõϢ˵˾ǣþϲӲأԴæѾƣߣŸˣ߿࣬ɼǹˣ֮Ȼûȵֱӽ˻ʹɻǰӲòʲô⡣
һܲôֻ࣬ǹͽ˻ʹʱͷô˳ְѷŹϣһߵ¡
ôˣôͻȻ˹ڹס£Ҫǻ˵ңһ֪ˡ
ԼҸƽʱôǿһˣʱҲɵСŸ˵û䣬۾ʪˣ뵽ԼӵľŴС谮Լĸףίίòˡ
һ仰û˵ͼԼŮʪۿΪѾ֪й£Ҳ֪ôģͱϻˣȥŮҲһ飬ǲ˭ݺҡ
ͣסеᣬ𾪵Ŀȫ˵ЩʲôҲ˼ǣһҪµģǻҵʲôˣ
ЦһŮ˿֪顣Լ⼸밲һ˵Ŵ죬ԼʵݵĸȻˡ
ǰʲô飬϶ü֣ŸĹϵھλǷԶһĺپ죬˴ڱˣϲˣԺӻ֪ʲô
˵꣬˵ףģŮһΪ֮ǰ̫ӵƾӵ̫סһ£ŮҲ˵˵ģֻǵʱû뵽Ϊ̫߳ӵƳУ˸֣⻢ʳأôôݵġ
ʼӵܣĸǰѸڵڶλҪ֮ˣҲ˺ûʵۡСڹг󣬶Լ˴·ʽôҲ޿ɺǣץ̫ӵ֮ˣ̫Ҳкôֻǣ벻˭̫Ӵ⻵ĳƫƫ¶֮±¶֮󶯵֣һϵͬŻϵ˼·롣
һʵʵ֤ݣϵɾ͸ϴ塣
Ȼ֪Ͻ֮£Ǹոô˵ۺᣬʲôѴˣ
˵Լ£ԼŮôһʣոƽϢȥίȫӿ
óӣ۽ǵˮأԸ˺һĴߴ£ȾϻѰҽ·ҩ޷վͿҩһЩʹ
ҲȽϲһС˵µĻ˼꣬Ϳѹų°Ѻүľλǰóóͼ̳С
˭뵽⣬жпҽģҲҽγɹģͳΪ
ҴˣⲡĸȥŮ˵ģôƫƫ͵˸Ĳ
ڶ࣬ɶԳҲвٵĸ飬رǼŮģҲŵ
򿴹ж϶һ˵Σǿˣϵ֢״һûᣬʱƣоԽˣǲ֪ôǡ
ô£ôҲ˸ҴϢʹĵ
̧ͷǰһֱĿɽշ֣Ҳˣͷףƣһ»ĵʸ߹󣬺ͨͷʵҲû
Ȼûа취ҽεĲ֢ҾͲ·ŸԭȴͶȥ֮ͷڸǹȥҲǼ˾ǣҽҲиж
޹֮󣬰ٴ֮ǰѸãı̫ӵôһʵûлתأһҪʹû䡣
ʧȥһӣ಻˰죬û֮أںءɽˣ嶼Ҫˡ
ɾᣬٸǰˣٴȷϹһЩϸ⣬뿪ʹغȥ̽Ϣ
Ĺؼڳϣͺةϵôã̫ܰӵ°סҲʵǶʮΡ
ʱ˿ֻ̣Լ˺ͳعϵãȥæϢҲˡ
*

æһգȥʣµĻһͷ
ѵóذ˸ˣ̫ӵʱȫվܱͻعУ̫ӵ£ǹǵƽСӣˮҪ˵ӻָ糣ʱʱСĺ̫ӵദؾɽǺܸ˵ġ
ùżＸСģ˿ճƣⲻƲڵЩ죬ǳã֪һЩӵС˳һţͷζø졣
ĿԴŮˣЩӶϲܣЩ溢ߵķ˼ϲͷҲһЩȥ

 93 

⼤һЩ뷨, ҲﲻرĶЩΡζԳɱ̫, ż, һԼϲҲˡ
ЩеȼλĶܸõ˿, ŮˡӵĶܹͨ, ˳ܹһЩѡ
һ֮٣õĪޣֱ˵µ׷Ǯ, ҪЩӸѪҪö, ƴǡ
Ȩ, ѹͲںһӬͷС, ҪģһͷصĻᡣҲ, ϻسغһװ׽, ɵúܺ, Ժл, ƼȥسҲԸһѡ
ֻҪڳ͢ռһϯ֮أٲȨĺô
һ˰ɣ
ظ֮ǰڽĴתһȦ, ˼ܵϲԵ죬ƽʱЩ㻶ϲ飬ȥ¥Ŷ˼³ĵģ׼ؼҡ
ӭͷײһ˵ţæ˼ﲻסĵŅ̀ͷһ˾ʶģɲϵܵˡ
ֽӹŵĳʳͬһ·ظ·ͿʼԹҲѾߣԼĶ֪˰æ
ȻʧЦǰûؽʱҲԼΪģɺæӵ⣬ȨҲţϰ߱ѾչˣҲûﲻס
ո˺ЩԵ֮ЩҧҧҲȥ
ֻˣͰѶˡ
Ҳϲ˸ţԼһ˳ͦá
Ƥĳ࣬һǰ棬ں׷ضͻȻֳĺƢҲǷСŸȥŵʱˤˡˣܻܵ鷳
²ӣͷȥǣ鷳дŲš
ĵܵʲôԸһСƵģɳǰǱȲǱȲġ
ǵĹ̵ģǶǳصĶ֡
ſʱͻȻ˹һӰɫһ䣬ְ§ڻ
Ӱûٴ˹
˾ţȴҲûôţųذƵȫΧվ֮󣬲ſ˾ϣļĸ
ؽ󣬶ǰⲻĸ˳
֮ͥ¸֣ղߣ׼ҪЩСˣһ뵽㣬ס
ϼ˲ŹһƨڵϣޣѾͷôˣ㺦ȾزûӺûҵŮҵŮ
һͨǺ·ߵƵƵעĿԽУ·ǵָָ㣬ϴģҲ˿Ц
Ů˵ַʲôأŮȾزҷкθϵѵҷ˰ŹȥģҷߥȥӵģⶼԼɳ£Ⱦ˲ֵҷͷǺε
˵ܴ͸ŷŭҪ·˸ʵ࣬Ը޹˲¼ɺָָ㡣
ǲԸǰʣ˵ûϵҪ㣬ҺᱻϳҪ㣬ڻĽ˺С㣬ôȥ˼
ǰһֱϵ۾һ֮ǰҾѹȾǰҲѹҵȰҪǾ·ߣһסɣ
Ȼ뵽ʲôʵ˵ȾزǻѾȷˣ
ǰ㿪ˣûӺûˡ
޳һ˶
ӷʱѱںղôմȾϵģĪǡڳӺϽĹﶩڼ䣬ǻзϵ
˵棬˵ôֱףǼСӣڳ˾ûһ׵ģϱôһʣȻסˣҲûϼޣԵ·۷׷ףǹҲ̫ϧԼӶͱҹˣ˷ϵⲻҿԣ
֪ܲأҹһأʱʶȤ뿪լӣڳȥ£ʵΪ˻رܣܹദ
˵ǴαȾϵģô˵Ϊ
ʱѵùһأļиദĻᣬĻرܵģҪ֪ʱĳȾֶ񼲣ôٽӴ
ˣʲôʱͳйӴҶѣǲģһΣ
³ʵڲԸ⿴ģҪĪе
ԳԼУȫû˵Щʲô
һĸ첲ϻôʲôҵ³ǶǾȡ޹ء
ֹǸӣջѡ첻ᡣֻϺһЩӣĸ׺ĹϵѰһ˼кѣ˳ĹټҷˣϷҪ˼Ѻĸ׵ļͥ³ȷʵԹñˡ
ȻôµĴҲ޷ֲҡҡͷųȥûãȻʧڵϣǶ˻Ƶĵϡ
˻صУСӵˮ͹ϵܣһǻųԵģҲ֪Ƕǵģֱһȥ㣬һϽ
󣬵ＱȥԵģֻĿһɨܿƵ𴦡
̫ӵ£㣬¥ģ㳢ȻȲϹʦǣھ˵Ҳһ
ЦЦָˮǼԵģ˼ԣ쿪Լ
ˮ˳Եľ˰㣬Ǵк֮ܵòӰ΢лȻˮһˡ
СӣȻֵĴͺֹܵܣĸܵܡڳʱɵӣ̫ӵָ߸ϸУһڼСܵĸо
ץˣ̫ӵӦò״˰ɣ
ųԼסԺߣһ˵Żһš
ûϸٽֱûҲûʵԵ֤ݣƾһ˵Ŀڹʵı̫ӵµ»ûءֻʱ϶ٸ˶̫ӵ³֣ûͬ̫ӵû˶ͼı죬һл˵
ڹʱԽԽоܻʵڲף⻼֮£ܺúûǲף˿ǼǧһǻΨһĻӣǻϲ̫ӵ£˭֪ٴκ
ȵĸݣͬżգǳ޷ᵽġ

͹˽һͬڻس·ϣһ˵Ȼһ㲻һֱǸʱ΢һЩ
ǲѯʣףΪʲôվʱҲϢҪĽҰӪʿǶ̫ˣȥֻأûôͣЪþ˯ˡ
ĻһʤȻǿԴĵĻؾͣͣҷûʲôʧԷҲӦ˱ɵײӮϰղ֪ڱ߽Σ֪ģ˴λؾǣҺ͹˽¶øһ·ٴҪõطԱ֪ǵһȽʿ֮صǣҪЦ
һԲȴҲûгԷɼԷ顣
ǲٷʣսϵ£ǳ͢ϵ£֪ҲǺһʣûҪԹ˼
ƺ֮ȫͷϣûԼȨ֮ҲǴӦ
Ƕ̬޷ͬǷ߷߲ƽҲñ¶Ͼ׶ûйһԹԡ

 94 

һ˵ȸϻؾ, ЩʿڳӪ͹˽ֱӽȥ, Ȼ˽, ĸ·оЩʣظ֮һ¾, Լ
ǴΪ֮, ֻ˵ǹ£ڼҶһûˡ
ǻôЩҩ֮ãԼֱط˯¡
˯ʱ, ʱȻоӶɺܶࡣҩ, , Ͻҩ, Էۣź¡
һ, ֹδ, мֵ, ѵ, ϻǣ
о֮£ȷʵ̸ֽ˴θȥΪ˳ʶԼܹʵȻʵսϣôʵۣܶʱսʿǶƾԼľȥ, ͷֻһͳķʵʩһ
֮ԼǷ۳ս֮Щɣֲŵĸоڶɢоܲá
ǿзʲôر飿ȹҩץźСѾʵ
ƽʱЩѾϲ£˼ҵʲôֻҪһضܹܿ촫ǵĶ䣬ЩСϢһȥҪöࡣ
үĻСǲˣڽϿȥҴС鷳˵ǴС㺦С㣬СȾز˵û취ҽΣСȻǲϵģϼ䣬ҲˣʣһڽϿãԼĨȥˡ
ѾȥǺǽصһ£ھǰտҲ÷зģϾС㲡һ£֮ǰͳӹϵ岻ģֲųҲòºõֶͬ񼲣Ҳ֪˭ȴȾ˭ЩѾߵĿ¶ʲôˡ
Ŵ£Ϊ֮󾪣ôַĪͳӡѾϸ˵Ѿ֮ҡҡͷ۰ĺûȲ֪֮߳¡
׶м֮ģ˵ûӺûˣȡЩȥסլȥ
ڴϴ棬ƾôȰ⣬޶ԣȥҹ֮󣬶Ź̾ԼԲŮʰ˰Ҫ뿪ʱǰ̽ĹǣϵͷСˡ
ֵĿƵܿϣһСԺԺŶδغãŽ룬ţţûлӦֱ߽ݡ
һأҲ֪ŵĽṹ俴һۣҵڵķ䡣
߽ʱӦĽŲҲûһ£ûһۣڴϣģо

յĽһ˷ӦһۣȻǷƵñӸסԼԴȫ±Ƶġ
ʵսʱͿϵʱٶ㣬Ҳ޲̾˿ӷߣҸո濴ĸ״Ҵææܳȥȥҩ𣿡
ûֲ̫˵ȾԼǿ˿ڵģֻҪմϵѪܱȾϣ˷ϿɴŲˣΪ˰ȫӷߺվԶԶģһûҪ˵ӡ
Ҳ֪ԼԶڱţĸҩǳ׷ңٻˡ
һû뵽һ͸ҲǱԼļϳŵ˶˵жʹɣЩĲ̡
̫ˣͷҸһӹźţʲôͺ˵
ģоһӻصǰڽʱʱѽǽǧС㣬Ǹ׵飬ǹӵãһУʵӵйʧȥ˵ģǳҪĶ
һ̽ԴǣǸ磬㲻𣿡
ҡͷʲô޲޵ģЩ£Ҳɼȥľȥɣô࣬úӡ
Լмֹģһ˿Σٶʵһĺ𣿡
˲ĬˣŹܲζƭҶ֪Ҳ磬ҲãֻһãǾǹ񡣡
˵꣬ٸĻᣬתߣǰǶĪҪ̫ģᰲչҲ˶ѡ
ߺûãӴ´Ьߵ̨ǰδչӣٿеԼĿȫǵģٴᣬٺҲȻԭлֵܹͨӣһʣµĲԴ
ҲǿǼٺģһúõģֻһˡ
ʰ˰ͷɴŲصӣһͷȥˡ
û֪ȥû֪֪Ϣ
*
ʹ
Խҹߣһүһղҳܹʵ֤һ̶ð
Ҫ˵ЩƲ֤˲٣˵Ŀڹ˵ǲˣǸҪЩǲġ
ةȥѲ飬ҵı̫ӵµ֤ݣκص־ƾ֤ܹΪ֤
ҲĴ̽ȥ˽ȴ֪˽ոոջسǣȽ︴ȥˣ˸գ㬶飬ڸϢĳ£ʱһȥͳһš
ﶼʲôˣ㻹˼Ų裬Сӹúòѽ
ﳪŮ˸˳ȥڳԷ߷߲ƽ취ȥϢ㵽ȥû
ȥˣôûȥѽ˼ҲҡţƫãҺϵֵôֵģҪȥ׻̽Ϣ٣˼Ŷҽô죿
һӻңŸոûãֱͷһͨĵ׵ĻһҲ㸸±ڹУǺס֪أѽƲϵ㻹¶֪
û뵽ƽʱʮ־Լĳ»˵ǿˣʼ۸ˣ
һȹȥžһ죬ۺָӡ֣ŭĿӣ԰ⱩΪеŭȻѹγһūԣҪ֣ǲܡ
һָŰıԺʲô±ҰæʲôҲǣҾһġ
һ˦䣬Լ䣬°һ˼
ͻȻ⵽ةȥ˳׵Ѳ飬뷴ԼүڸУةǻʵߵĺˣҲҶֻĿѸ
ⶼѹˣ鷿ѳţҲûʱһϸȫ˾Ǹةࡣ
Ǹ߸ߵһţةǸһ˿Ц⣬ڻȵǧѷĻᡣ
ү۶꣬ȫûһ˿ģһŲκһ˿ʹҵүı̫ӵµ֤ҪҵһЩ֤ҲǴһ
үѱڹУʲôֻҪ֤ݵ֣Ͳòϡ
ҹĲ鿴˲°ٷţһЩţһèŶûţةǿž񣬼ġ
춼ˣةŹǷ鷿żõżϴ˰ϹٷҴȥ
ԽһֱڵȺةĻţ糯ֱӽةе鷿£һţ׷Ǳ߲Ρ
ةóһļţݵԽǰ뿴⼸ţ֤͵йϵԺ󶨻Ϊɽȶ
Խţûἰй̫֮¡

 95 

ة˵, Խڴ֮ǰҲжţֻûʵʵ֤, ѳ⼸, ܹʣԹԽȨҲ޲, ɵ׻ûҵı̫ӵ֤ݡ
, үֻҪܹѹס, ǾǺõġ
Ҫ˶֪£û֤, û취Ϊ̫ӵ³е, ޲ġԽ, յ
ةվһԣҲ֪Ȱ˵ź, Ĭ, ջ˵, Ҫ֤, һܹҵ΢ɹȥѾүĸۡ˸׳죬ҵҲЩЩ֤үû¡ǻϣе֤Ѿ㹻үְ죬Ȩûдѽ
, ޺ú롣
ҪĶԸԼֵܣɲ֤ܹ⵹ġԽĸӣҪΪԼӱȴֵĶҡ֮ʱ򣬾ٹΪ߽սĻ̻̣ĲȵʱҪСĽ⽭ɽ𢶼ꡣ
úة£Լһأ˼һξߡ
ǽ
һҹ˵ͰҲй֮ԵҪǳүͳ֮û֮ǰǷڻ׼ҡ
֪ԵãʲôҪҪ̸
ӹ󣬻صңѾ֪ҹѰ˼ʲôʱȥһˣʰ¡
⻹ûüȥٴкܽҪҪ飬ң԰ֿСġ
˽֪ҸױٻعУˣҲûбų˵˵ڹСסһӣʵȴҸסǰգҽȥףſڶţͲɽ
үڵ͹ϸ˵ˣžȲѣʱҲûüϢһֻôӦԻϵʣûʲôʧԷҪʵ⳥ǻռһЩˣټϻΪ̫ӵ֮ķǷµЩûֻǼ䣬ͰǸǲ˳
ûдʤ̣ʹȻûеġʱ˻ģҲûд͢зʲô£ֱӻ˼ҡ
Թ֪ڹеϢֱ˵¡
Ҹҹ˽ġ
תĻһһʮ֪֮󣬺ܿ뿪˽
һȻʧڸţҲ֪Ļ⣬ߵǸ˭ҲܽȥСԺֱ߽ԺУȻݣֽŹϡ
һ䲼ó¾ɵ鷿鷿öĹ飬϶˻ңԺκ˶룬ȻҲ˴ɨϵĻңһͬ鲼ҳ鼮Ӻ󷭿еһⷺƵš
ŷ⣬ֽү֮ϵΨһš
ԭԷһ֮ãүȻʧˣţֻԼѡ
û룬óֱӽ˸һɶ
£̹ˣֻүð취ϴɡ
ѾүЩϢҲﲻʲôܱԱ
ã鼸ȫһ飬мһЩ˸ɾһûʣ£Щʹү޹أɵ׻һЩùĶһԺԼ¶ˣ鵽ͷԼ֤Լ
ִһ߳ȥҵǣдСϸһ顣
ǲ֪⸸ͻȻôˣƵģҪѽиƾôʣҲ˵
պǳʲô£͢㲻ҪȥմȾˡѸĶһ뾩ԶĵطúùӰɡ
齻֮Ƕһ䡣
ù״֮£İţһʲô飬˵ġ
ףǲͻˣҪ
ΪĪҪʣϣ֪ԽԽãҲ㡣
Ѹ齻꣬Լ䣬һ˴˰Σֱҹһʱûл
ӦүЩ£ϵôһģֻǷү³֮ӲţЩ֤û뵽̫ӵԽjsgԽã֮ǰķӸã⻹û뵽õİ취ʱͱɳǡ
ʲô£Ĳ̫ջȥ˵̫ӵ¾סڳظϣţôҲҪд˳ʹͷʲô
ڶһ磬緹ûϳԣصסȥ
ʱغ͹Сӻ̵ĳ緹ͷβûʲô˵ĵط
аοôǰȫˡ
ʲôʱģôҲû˵𡣡
˵Ůĵȥ̽ȴǷ˹
ںİڰ֡
ˣոջؾͽѵһ٣ﻹҴĵĹ֮Ҿǵңǣ˳㱨ƽ
кԷ˳һԵĳʵǲǷʲôˣ̫ӵһֱ㸮סţҲģ
ؿһۣ¶ǻϰŵģȻĵģҲͽ̫ӵ»ع
ھΪʲô¶ֻδᣬôڳҲټȥһͬԹ緹ڹԺ˵Ự
֪Ҳһ˾ǣֵȻҲ˾ǣôû͸һû˰ɣ
ԹǵԸصǣӦҲ˵һ䣬οⶼˣڸôҲһֻ뵽˲š
Ҹڣܹȥ˵ǹڸﻹҪæû
аɻ󣬹ǽΨһүһֱģǻţʲôҪ»æʱ䶼
Ȼ˵Ĳ滰
ĸо˷ǰ²ֻΪ˱ƽô򵥡
ʱֻڳˮѾȥ˱ԺغȻص̾˿ԹԹЩӣ˽ھǣɲ֪̫ӵ¼վѴɱ̫ӵ˸ץˣ˵үģүڹУɣѼ֤
ʲô£үĵӣȻı̫ӵ£ǿǻΨһĻӰ
ȵʮ־ȣȴ͸żֳ侲óظӻĶ
ѽϾʣһӣܲү׶༪١
Ĳɵĵͷȴƣʱûھǣûж̫ӵ¶֣̫ӵôĴεΣգү֮⣬Ҫ̫ӵ
ֵֹܾģЩ벻ͨڳһЩģػûвţʲô˵ʲô¡
֮󣬳ٵЦһӿ񲻽Ŀ㲻˵Щ¶ǻܣ˵ģոնҸΪ˵ôࣿ
رͲǶ໰֮ˣı֣ôٶҲ
ʣóسĬãֻʱĲ²⣬֪òú˵
㸸׼Ȼ֪ҲʵЩµȹӣ˵Ҳᴫүôܹ˶أ
ػԼٲ֤һ£ڽһ㻳ɣҪ˵׵ĲǣôصȷʵڲЩ
ŹæŸͷδȥ˺ةฮ

 96 

ة˵»Ϲϵ, ѹ֮ǰүʱ鲻ʲôȷָ֤үġ
㽻ȥ, ȱ, ˽Ͼˣ˵ĸ, Ƚ, ͱˣʱʲô⣬һ֪һ
ة˻, ¹ֻһ뿪ةฮ, ؼȥˡ
ة뿪֮, ͻȻ, ȥ˽ȥһүĹϵ
⽫һֱǸ̫۵ڰǸ, Ǹ߸ϵĳ͢Ա, ڳ͢ڶԱ, ԵЩӹ, ôҲвٵģǲʣԵҲֻǸͨûжһЩͺǨʲôġ
ة֮ǰûôעֱ˵ʱ, úܾȣү֡
ʱڽűȫԼĶԲߣȥԼʱǰãҪǱֵ̫ڹע£˵Ļɡ
ֻû뵽ǣΪĵ͵£ȴʱѾ¶ڡ
ڼס˲գͱȥʻԭúܣةҹȥʻʱװ򶨣ʵͻŵĲС
ԺةĲ֪֤ݣ֤ү֮ϵ͹ͨͣû˵һ仰
˽ǲĶѾˣҪԼˣͷڻǰһ˵˵飬ûᷣ㣬ҪڻִԲһάүҾʹȥϣԼͻϽͣͷϹɱû˵
ةʩ֮飬֮ô˵㻹ˣ˼ϵҲҺҵݡҪǻ϶¼ΪأҲץʻȻǲ鵽¶͸Ѳ˸ϵˣһ£ǾͲһ˵£˼ҶѣȷҪΪһ˼ҵ˶ˣ
뵽ԼֻһӣڻûлʲôҪ۵гػţ˵׼ܹⳡ粨˼ܻᱣס
ة˼ָܹүǲǻϾܹңԼҵļˣ
̽Եʵ֪ةôϵɻ˵ϣǰŵǺةѼ֤ݣòϣֻ֮󣬶Լʲôôȸˣɲ¶˱˵ӣԼȴûаֺô
Ҹով˵ˣҪܹﵽϣʹ϶ĴԹڱϣҲ˵˵飬׻˵ɮҲ棬ҺͻôĽ飬Ҫ˼ңҲʲô£ҪҪʵүû취Ⱥ̫ӵ¡
кةı֤ЭˣԼЩү֮Ĺͨةة˽˵Ļһһʮȫ¼ǩֻѺ⹩ʺ͹ةҹ˹ȥһϢ
кةԽǰʣ͵ǰĹдˣүָʹ£ǺĶҩУ̫ӵմȾϣֻ̫ӵµս˥䣬Դ̫ӵ״Ҫ̳лλǲܵ顣
үĲ𣬹˵һŲֻ֪̫ӵ¶飬үûзԸ
ĹʣԽһۺة࣬еǰֻ϶̫¶һ£үָʹ֮ǲ̫Ӷ෬ϮǶߣǴɱģЩôͲˣ
ةһ̯΢Ҳ֪΢ϸʹˣֻ¶֮йأĲΪʱǸһ˾ǣ֧Ԯ߽սȥˣ˵Ķʵ֮£û׼үҵˡ
Ҳһֲ²⣬˵Ĳ϶֪Թڵ֤ʣѾ㹻ָ֤ү̫һ£֮ǰǴ̿ݲһԣȷʵû취үɹһǳ͢ĹԱ˵ĻɱǴ̿Ҫзˡ
ԽٴοһĹʣûʲô⣬˰ү鷿˵ʡ
ʱѾ˰أ˵Ҫҵָܹȷ֤ݣڰѹϷŵǹĹʣ֮ǰʲô
˳ô꣬û뵽ԼԵԼүݺݵĵŹ޲ܰˡ
Խѹ֤˦ǰʱ׼δйľ¶֮λ޴ǣôҵ޻˵
鵽ϣ㻹ϳ㷸µô޿㣿˶Դ̫ӣΣɽ𢣬㣬Ǹһպ˶ѧ㣬ֶΣ޵ĽɽҪ޵ϡ
ԽѾ˾ɻǺ˵׹ϵ֮󣬲ּүƺţү֮У˼ʮ󣬲ſɷų
үƺű֮ıȨȻҲҪջʼУպз䡣
үͣʮ󣬻ܻܲţǸδ֪˵ʮܲơ
ԽȻûҪүʮ֣֮ǻүһ
ͬʱҲȥĹְԭҲǸкة˵飬ȷʵҲ˼ӣֻ䵽߽ۣڹ˼ˣûб꼰
ĽԹ˵Ѿõģûܹ׷ܹˣԼܱסҡ
뿪֮ǰҪԼŮһ档Ǻ͹ͬʱΪ˺ЩԵĺӡ
׵ΪʲôҪһжиԭʱѾ֪ԼѾ
һȦĸףζӣһԸǲ֪˵Щʲôãڴ֮ǰȫһ֪ͻȻ֪ױؽΣ֮Ҫ߽ȥۣĿǰ֪ʲôʱܹؾǣ˴һ
ŹݵӣףôٶҲȻɹ̫Ĳ⣬ŹȻȻʳ˿ڡ
ЦһⶼҲӲү£ǹ˼ұûа֮գү£үϷˣܹסһȫ˼ңѾǺܲˡ
Ǽʱ䲻ҲֻҪ˵֮ǰѾиǣԽ˺£Ҳûʲôĵġ
ԺܻһܹžۣȻǺõģҳʲôʣҲطϣҺˣҲˣǺκˡ
ǹ뿪֮ǰĶ
뾩ǵһ죬Ǻ͹һͬȥСֻ͵ǳŴֹһֱų˳ǣֱľ룬Ǹˮ·ϴûȥ
ʱڸĲˮȺ򣬹ڹλã͵ĺһڲ裬Ժ󣬾ʣˡ
鼫Ϊǹ鵭ʱҲмָд
ʱôοĻҲκá

 97 

Ͻү͹֮, ܿ˽ӻ˹Уߵһ, ú͹
ЩӶ˽չ, ԺʲôҰæĵطһҪҿǧҪǵø˵ѽ
ͷŹ, ˵ʱǲ, һԵĳһԣĻ
ˣֲʲô𡣻ϻڹء
ֽ, ˳ֽˮ
ڹϣͱѧ, ٴˮһ
ˮʼ, ȥ, ǾͲȥ£ЩӺ̫ӵÿմһ, ҲЩ, żֿһ, Ҳͦõġ
ֻһ, ڹӱģ̫£Ԥڹеӽζꡣ
УŻʹķʻȥ
ųأתԼСԺϺˮֿ, ʣǵʱͻȻЦ
Цʲôأƫͷ
죬ЦţЦѽôһˣһСӼƽϣǿ̫ӵ£ͲԺ󳤴˼Ǻ㡣Ҫ˻ϣŷʹʹӣڹﲻð
ƲƲ죬ôС˵ˣҸʱҿûչΪС£ҪǺң
ǿ˵ģ룬˭Ҳ²׼
סصĸ첲Դһƫļͷ֪ںңֻǸӣܵܿġ
رôһҲû˵
*
Ǻ
үʧ֮󣬰ںĵλȻûʲô仯ʵϣ¶̬ȣǰ
ǰ¼ɵүҶ԰κΥ֮ģڲһˣүү仹ĳƺţʵϣʵ
һûүʲô
иԼҲᱻӡƫƫӳȾؼûûˡԼ˲ϣԼĸܵʲôίҲֻܵûп
ڴϣÿܲʹĥȥ˯ȡŲһµʱ䣬ѾĥòΡ
ûү˵ԼʱԽӦػӣԼԺ뻹ܹա
˻һӣŮΪǰиܹԼһ̡
ٵˣȴ˶һ̣׷ͺڷ˵ıֻˣŻᶮá
ϧȫ飬ƾô׳֦һŲӡ
ٴαؾܾ֮󣬳һƼڸɢǰȥѰϽУϷţָⱲӣˣô͵ĶƫϣںˣԼӲôֻ꣬һӣƫǸģԺôԵҳڣ
С֮ŮûУôֳָͷߵƤޣȥ
ȶ֣Ҳûţȥ˵Ťһš
ĬĬͣʱȫͷųȫû֣ϾǸŮˣܿͰѹס⡣
үòɿʱǱᣬغ͹һͬһͷΣһڿ˲ʱϼ䣬ѵõʱ⡣
֮ǰʱǼڸл֮Ǹ˲徲ࡣ
ؽе£ߵ󣬿ר־ЩͷΣʵǶһЩֵǮĶƫƫϲЩСֹȥЩʱǿĵġ
˫ִͷż򣬹Ūˣ̲סҶ
Լ򣬱οУôѵӲġ
⻹кöҪأвУʵûð취ֻĵ
࣬ҲЪһЪˣߣ첲һ˵ţһ߽ߡ
оܾĻᣬڴߣ˫֣Ÿ첲
ַģ̫ˣʲôʱеˣ
Լһ⣬Цһ˵񱻿Ĳ˼ˣҴˣҲӦô˵ġ
վط£ҸȺòã
бڴͷģĸԼȣźʮܵ
۾ѵõܡ
һ󣬷治ô׵ģһС;ʮָͷˡոճظʱôãָҲɡ
ĿĿأ𣿡
ǳ
ˡ쵽ǰͰ͵˵
۾ģǾϢ
ԼģԼ
һȣһͷǰͷϲŵķˡ
һֻּҪͷϣֱظ¡
ɻĿأϺȵģҪͷϲ壬͸á
ժһһֻͷϵװζժ
ؾȻôɰȻÿŮ˶ҪŹʣŮӣǲκװ磬Ҳܹǰһ
˫ֻסļ򣬽ڻͷȥĶͷ
˲ͺˣŵķţʱֵ˯ʱ䣬Ȼͷûʲô߹ͻȻסǵľٶоĻš
Ҫƿأվǵвư֮£˴ϡ
һĹ´⡣
ʶԺٿܣ˫ֱĲӣŬӭȥ
һ̣Ȼŵķţһ飬˲ȴסԼȥȥѷŹϡ
˵꣬һű
ذ̾һ£߹ȥűߣϣ»صߣ˳ֽҲ¡
Źغˣⶼڵˣûʲô˰ɣ
صĴᣣڵס˴󲿷ֵ⣬õϡ
º󣬹ƣߵڴϣյıԹһ䣬ûġ
ʱ׼ˮǶ֪Ǵ£⣬ҲʹЩ׼ˮ
µ뷨Ը£Ҫȥ׼ˮ
˵꣬ȥˡ
ԡõˮɲֹһͰͰǴԡͰҪͰˮܹˮλ
ųصĽŲػأˡ
Ȱˮ׼֮󣬳ߵߣԼֱӽסᱧԡȥ
ﲻԾȫҲǰȥԡҡ
ؽԡͰ֮ԼҲܿϵѣ̧žͽԡͰ
ߣҪŲŲȴͻȻ͵Ϯйעϣʹ˸ˮ棬ͺʶıסĲӣάƽ⡣
ˮƯһ£ӺܿԭոճһµĹռλãʱֻϡ
ֵԡٴߵú
ǲˣôϴأҪҰ㣿
ӣҲһ£ľͰߵӣͿĨ
ԽǾܾԽϴûϴɾ֪úܾ˾ˡ
ϴԡҳ춼ˡ
ˮȥ·˭ֱ֪ذشϡ
ڷ԰ɣˮСӱ㡣
ȵĿɨʱ̲סȫһ¡
һڣҲǶˣȳԽ˶˽ʱѾ·Թߵš
һǼˣϲԵġ
ݻҵģȫӭҵĿζѽ
ʢ˵ʱóͷһ
ϲԵģҾϲԡ

 98 

û, ˰׵ܱ߶ϰ׳, Ҫɥ¡
ǻ֪, ׷ײ²ﵽ˭ûˣɥ°õ͵, ûǰȥƾ, ѵмĵģȥ䣬ȴ⡣
ֱ, үͰ˫˫¶棬Խײ͵ᡣ
Ϣһȥ, Ļв֪, һӰɥ, ˵գ޵ø˶Ƶ, Ҫ赹, Ѿ߷, ǿ֧ʽ
ŵϢ, ֮ǰڽһʱ·ֻƬк߰ЩϢһϵͲµе顣
ϢھǴ￪ʹĴѹҲûѹס, ûүɽĳҲͬǰ˾ηϺةвͣ͢Ҳ˶Գ۷׷ף˵Ųˣȴֲûôң˵ӦãԳĸףҲϣʧ˶ӣصĺãʱѾ˺ףӺةΪףʲô¡
ﴫ￪˲٣þͳƲҪ
ľЩϢǴӳǶġ
үһ뿪ûعǡھǺϴ棬þͷˡ
үͳүˣҲտȷʵʧȥûʲô𡣽ʧʧӡʧشһҲԽܣοһֱĳŵ֮Ů
˰ľĬãջΪһ̾Ϣ
ͷԼ鲼ϺͱǲʵƬָɣܿһͷγ
ƷϵľһţѾܹ˼ʮһġ
Ȼ󲻸ߣʽܹȶԴÿһЩվúһȥ
⣬˼ˣǵĳƷȥ֮ٷǮǣǰڲҪǳκγɱȥĻƷʲôʱҪûȥԣȥĶֻȡһļ۷ãĺģʽЩ˵׷һʮʮ٣ܶƽʱԼڰڵ̯ԼƷ˶ҪѶۡ
ѡʵĻƷȫӷ񲻷ģʹԸŵǻδ¡
ƷھΪĻƷֶصľӪģʽ
ϰݣҲ˵иˮ档
̫ˣ˼СӣŸʽС⣬ٺãҲӣټҷ˳ʱǴױģױڷҵ棬ҲǺӽ棬ʳǵȥͷ¶棬СԸȥЩǻرƲСˡ
Ӷйڹ֮ԣǰĳǷ˸
˶֪ǽĴС㣬ɴСҰûоĽһʱǮһٶԱʾЦ
һڸӲȥĵܵһΪ򱧲ƽ
һصؾҲòУҪȥ¥ŻΪЩ߰Ĵԡ
ȥסؾѵõһأ½ѧ飬ɱȥʲô£ʱǴѧϳô졣
ѧմ˳صӲǿȥģѧʶԨͬٮٮߣôõ黷ܵܽѧòãǽǼԵģܸо
ŵܵǳͶأգȻҪŵġ
˵㣬ô̵ؾǷ߷߲ƽ
Цҡͷ˵ɶˣ˵ѾͷЩСΣҾǴСسӣκڹ˳˳ˮ̹
ؾ£ѽܼƽô࣬¶ƽϣԼ͹òҪľǰã㶼ܣҲѹҡ󲻻икξ塣
ûЩϣؾƵһ㲻⣿
˵ǿ϶ƭģûбҪΪȥ鷳ŹˣҲŹԼؾҲСˣ֪Ժ˹ٳ»಻ƽ֮£Ҫÿһζ˼ҽ棬·ߵüѣ𣿡
ؾ˵ĵԼϲ֪ۣ˵Ҳͷͷǵŷǹ֮ѹƵס
ˮһԴ֣硢ԺҪĹ٣ҪעҲãȥ鷳ǲ˵Ļ
СС˶˫ֲŬܷŭı飬ڹʮɵľٶȴЩɰ
ǻʧȥǣϷľٶΪϣܵ˺
Сˮ
ˮ֣ȥ֮ıӣֱʹˣֱУ֡
㣬ۣۣ
èĹ򣬻ȥҳͷأЦˮҿɸ˵Ҫҷȥңϵϣһ̶Ϣ
ʱǹãˮ첻¡ز£³سѵ
СԴԹҲô˵Ļѽ
䣬ش䡣
˭˵㰢Ļˣ
ݣԸϲˡ
ԣˮǰ״
ʵ̫ˣͺܺã֪ͻݣõŮˡĩˣݿ񼸾䡣
˵ùˣԼ˹ôʹġ
𣿻ͷȥ˽˽⣬Ƕ˵ʲô
⼸ڹæţǽ̵̫ѧ򣬸ǰźةϷǣڸɺȱˮʳʧҡ
͢ȥʳ֮ãǲ֪ΪΣв棬ϣǿǡ
ʵڹ࣬Ǳ˿ܼȫǽûϷ˳׶Ҫ˵ǲܲˣδԵ̫Ѫ顣
Ϊ£úة취Щ񣬺ةҲʵ̫࣬ҪھĻĵشʱǰ룬Щ˰ܶģδãͿ־壬ò׳ŵӽ£ϣܹúðǡ
ˮۣܸۣճܿʱϸͬ۹ãЭǶȹѹءǲưţ»յĲ
ة⣬Ϊ˼˼棬Ҳý飬ѡ
ȥԴò⣬ҵǻ϶ĽȽϿɣѡһΪշ
Ҫǻϰֱӽ죬æڽ̵̫ӵͬʱòĳ֮£˷Щ˲ϡ
ˮ˵ôߵģҲһˡ
㹬æСˮϹ˵ЩҲˡ
Ļо
֮͢ȻҪöעǡ

 99 

ڿ֮ǰҾԤϵֺ, ЩŵĹټҷˡСУҾǺȺ, ǻôҲ, Ҫǵˣǵ⣿
ĲЩ, , ǴЩй¥ԼгԲѷԣھǼȥ
Ϊ, ô˵ܹܡ
Σ»ǲô, 㲻ù, ȥ顣
ذοһ, ﻹôۼɢ£Ǻةඪ, ҲڻǰŹʵĺûᡣ
ǧܸ, š
ô, з£
صģ, ɵҲЩæµʱҪȥ£󻹵񣬻ؼʱϣԿҲﲻæ, ֻܸż
ͻǹ£һᴦãΪҵġָƽ壬ֱüչۣ֡
Թͻط˵˻Ʋȥ鷿
鷿ϣڷ֮ǰдµķѡʱ˺üϺõύȥû뵽ûϸˣ½졣
ةҲԸƺ鶼Ƹ֮ǰ̫ӵ°ŵϣӽʮ
ϣҲǽ߾ȫãķϸ˿óֽдϸĲԡ
Ҫ찲񣬲ǲңҪӳסϰźãǶԼθУܹȺ͢ƵİΪֹ
ϸĲţһ̧ͷϵ̨ѾȼյĩˣʰϵĶ߳鷿ѾֲָŵԼȥ
ҹѾˣ˯£ƽ˯㡣
ʱ߽䣬ŵһɲǣͻȻѡ
أ
ֻŵȴûˣȷϡ
ңˡؼӿ첽ӣߵǰ˵
˸ǷҲ˯òˡæ˾Щ˯ջýɣ
Ӧһ·ԡҼ򵥳ϴһ£ʱ˯ˣһֱҲû
ͷ˯Ĳգֽ§ڻ֮ǰûеȵ˯òˣ˯øСƵġ
ڻʹʲôһҹ˯Ҳ
첻·ؼةʱоǹ֮ɫ
游ҹѽƻгҪҪʲô֮
ةȴҡͷˣİҷģһͬҪ̤ʵοʹûԶţҲá
һͬ˻ϣ֮½ˣ׿֮һ
ة£Ȼةฮش˵ȥ񰲸֮¡

Ÿոͨ˵ǹˡ
ȥǰʱżδ˸Ƶģޱ߷źǷϡ
磬ôˣпɳʲôˣ
һʱ뵽ǽף֮ǰ˷ǣҲûϢ֪Ƿƽ
ȴҡͷǰãоЩԶԼƴҪ
ڼ÷ˣ㡣˿ڲ裬±ӣڹϡ
Զ׼棬׾ֻʣ¹
һڽڲܳǽǽͲ£˹˸
ײǽǵĸۡȻٳǽ
˸ճйܼȥͰţŵĽֻģįû˵ˣﻰܲú˵ǰñż˵һƣɶзʱĵĿȴ֪
÷𣿡
ЦҲ֪ദò
Һܺãʹæתÿջ˵ڳúܺãǴ㣬㲶ˣʵԴͣҲȢˣ֮ǰ׸㶩µĻ£ڶںʱǰһ죬ȫˡԼԴԴ󣬺öһʱ벻
˲ĬˣһĬһ⣬˵ˡ
ɰͰ͵ЦЦ硭
û˵꣬۾£͸ˡڸױϴ죬˻⳥
ǱǸŻԵĵط˼֮ǰͥУµĻȻҲǲĺ˼ң£˼͹˼Ʋϵ˻鲢⳥Ҳ޻˵
ڻȻʧɲڣŮ޵˼ԺŮӹòò˵ܻᱻ¸ۡ
ܹǵҲûȥ֣⳥ĬĬһС
ĻﶼܸܵⱯһοĪҪģԴһкѣҲδؾҪȢǹټС㣬ʵͨռҲвĹ
ԼĻ£ѹûȥô࣬ողһŻ£ҪңҲڡ
ף㲻صģԻᴦõġˣռ㣬ˡ£Ȼˡ
ǣ󣬡磬ʲôʱңҰﲻ㣬˵Ҳá
ǵͷӦʱûʱǷ̬
ипϣܹǰĻӣҲҪõöࡣ
߹ǣҲˣʵԼڸҲˣˮʱһˣвס˾￴˽
ΪԺΣ̫ˣ˵˵
ʰʰҲȥˡ
ǳ⣬һ̸ƾٳΪֺͨ
ǵ̸¿ԿóҲʲôׯںܶʶ֣еĻȡ
Ϊˣǲһô˵ӳԵġġסģպİã˵˹ͷͷǵҪ水Ҫȥ¹ⶼҪˡ
Ѿϵĵߣ̸һ԰ȥ˶ԷһзԼǡ
ԼȻةฮ뺫ةͨ
վةฮҲ֪ةرͨûУֱӷȥ
·߹ǰԺȣߵǳ̸鷿⣬˵ة鷿ûҲ֪˯˻æš
鷿ûأֱ˽ȥһɨĻ֮ǰʱжǰڷ룬ܿҵةӰ
ة鷿İ˯ţûĵѡԺةͣռúϢɶŮȥšȻһ֮ة࣬ʹˣ˾ܹġ
Ҫ͢ҪҪͲˣֻܼȣΪǽѡ
ЩҲҪʱ䣬볳ѺةϢߵǰ¡
Ϸһˮīī»ģϣѾȫ͸ˡ
ûʲô츳Ҳû£˵ģҲ޷
ةóڻɽˮ⻭úˮƽɽݵأĻжʵչ֡
˻ĿƵǵһϡ
֮ǰةƼѧϰ֮ãִһⷭš


 100 

һݽĹ鼮, 鼮ȥѾܾˣ
ֻǺة, Ӹλ, ˵Ӧòῴ鼮Ҫݷ, ҲҪԼо
ط, ͨҲƽĽ֪ʶѡľ, ʯϵȵȣЩûʲôȤ, ˷, 뻻һʱ䡣
ŵ, һɣ, ϵ
һ, ŷ淺ԶĻɫ, Щˡ
һ, ǸסĿ⡣
ĸ׵֡
̧ͷϵĺة࣬˯ţɫ¶ƣ̬۵òᣬ֮ǰΪ̫ӵµ£Ϊ²͡
ʵˡ
ûѹ, ǷƵةǱ߿һۡ
һߴѾŷ⣬Сֽչ
ݣԭЩУʱֻʣһˤϡ
վ߹ȥةߣһѡ
ة౻һƣˡѹ֮ʶЩԺ֮ĵĺ˿
أѽôʲôˣ
ϵ˼ҵĴͰԳһֱ̬ͦãԳҲȽ
ɸոеݣϺةڶ̬ȣֻÿЦ
Ƿĸдةģ˵Լ޹뿪ԭ򣬺ԼڻеĴԮֻ֮ӲͷƤԼ
ĸ׵ʱ˵ñȽί񣬿ɴеһһ䣬ܿĸ׵ʱ
ؿĩβڣĸٽʱдġ
Ȼݷڵ˽⣬ĸԼ֮󣬹ȥţ߳˷裬ˡ
ǾʹĸةȣةȴĸױҲûмԼĸףò꣬ʱö౯
һ뵽Щصȭͷսˣ游ҸողСϵ飬Ǳйڷݽ飬һⷺƵš
˵һͣˣةһܹȥǰǱ飬鱾뷭Ƿţ˼£Ϳϱ𿪵ŷֽ
͵͵εţʶץǷţԼ䣬ؿ
游زˣŵѾ
սȻͬةﰵ̾⡣
游ҽͽͣ
һة࣬ǰΪ𾴵ģϱӾ֪ˣֻ֮û̫ǣֻˡ
һô뺫ةӴİߵλǸøмġ
ûзĸţһֱѺة൱Լ
ةţָ䶶ѣأҴˡ
ϣ۾򴰻գصǶǰļ䵱С
ŮͻȻʧ٣ѹûϢҲȥ˵ģĴҲţҲûȻһЩүҪүŮɻ飬֮ǰΪ˰ŻڵĻ飬ǳҲãǸܴ죬ŮھǣҲס
˵ΪŮ޳ɸ˶һֻŵŮˣһܹžۡ
ԭҲôġ
˼£յŮ˴ţδἰ˵֣˵ԼŮ˸˶ӻˣŮһŶӣҪؾͶǡ
ʱһͽ¸û˭Ҳ֪£ΪŮһֱʧ٣ûϢ
ڴ֮ҲûȥҹŮˣҲʲһЩŮ˺ӣܹȥġ
ôⲻȥ£ҲѰŮżʱҲʹġ
ɵҵʱ֪ŮѾʮֺڣŻԳذٰĺãԼӶҪá
ҪԳѵŮĶֲܹһЩ
ҵҪ֪龳¸дǷţһ᲻ġܻģкӰû뵽֮ȥˣһ˳ǳͷ
ةεĿĴˣҲˣ֪ڶεĸףεȴɿ֣жʹû취ֲ˶һЩΪ;Ŵ·û취ĸֲ
૵ؿڣʱҲʹš
ٶ࣬ҲȲĸ׵ְܹһѣǸһţҲˡ
ة˵ô࣬ʱѾûпʱķŭ侲źةҲû֮ǰľ
˵иӵĸоԹǺ޻ʲôֻôźة࣬ʱ仯飬ƺԼļ֮С
ة룬ǰ㲻ԸظЩӣǶҼźźƽҲаɵôõӾܶء
Ůӣƽƽģһһ뵽ԼŮһΣͰԼء
ôҲ޼¡
֪ҶԲסĸףҲŶ㱶ϧЩӦܵõҶĺá
ة飬ȴĿ䣬ǽͨġ
֪˵ʲôҲûã㲻ԭҲǶԵģҿ飬ϾĸױգҲΡ
ةԹԵ˵ţͻȻڣʵʱΪ㲻˵ʵ֪ң˵Ҫȥ֤ĸףĸǨأΪʲôΪʲôҳһУ
ʱܵһʱĹԭڽ·֣ܹܡ
ľֲˣ֪ǳºĸףҲܵӦˡȨƣ뿪˾ǣ°뱲һùˣǱٸܵʹζ
ةƵһʱЩŮ˵ı³
˵úȫһΪص˼
̫ӵ±ıһ£ǰͷ¶֮¶֤оݣүµǹ˽֣ǺЩɱŶߵΪ˽Դһ֪үҲһֱںԩ
ǲû㹻֤֤ǳүֻ֣֮ǵƾ֮ǰ¶¼Ѿ㹻ûϴүĻϹܲôࡣ
ҲлɹЩ˾Ȼ󵨣¶ɣʹֶΣһβɻΣ±ץԼƵġ
Щϵٽ֮ǰة飬̫ӵס߳Щһ򾡣´͸ŹŹ֡
ү֮£òҲڴֽţ
ֻûѿڶ̫ӵŴαɱ֣
ةɬûϣȴҲûϣҶԲĸףľûк³
һ⻰ǳˡ
ة࣬ȴı飬ϴŴûлɹºͺةйذɣ
£Ҳκ֤ݵģһܴײ˭Ҳߣ֮Ժ˵Ϊϣõԭ¡
ةʱ̬ŵüͣȫһ֮ة࣬һмĳ
ƿԣû˵˳鷿˵ԺԶԶźةǲϵݣĽ
Ҳĺˡ
Ϊ͢ҵҵô꣬ŬһӲŻڵҫȴܹΪ˸ĸֶָΣвܾͻѣˡ
ôΪʲôأΪ˸ĸֻعΪ˱
ԳЦЦת뿪Ժӣ߳ةฮоľƣ֪ôܣˡ
صˣһ֮£֪ȥҲûĳȥҹ
ԶԶǸæµеӰؼһǰȥ͵ıסСӣһܵƿ

 101 

ͻȻ˴ס, һҪ
Ťͷһ, ˾Ȼǳ, ҲûֻͻȻô, ﻹпء
رһ, ȫȻû˵Ŀ⣬ֱоЩˣɿ, á
ﲻܣ뱧㡣ںö, ûˡ
֪, ȿڽ͡
û, ˱衣
ԺҪ鲻, к, Ҹû˵ĵط, ͱ
ͷһ, ո滹ˣͻȻɰҸŵã˵ңǿ˶Ҫˡ
̲סЦˣҿǲ, ÷ܾˣ´ע⣬ȵû˵ĵطٱˡ
ﻹ£ҪúȻ裬æ㣿
صͷûٲ
һãЩ裬Ǽ򵥣ǾĲõģ˸оůġ
æСʱȿˣ½á
ͷкȨˣܹģÿбѾ˯ˡ
ļһ¾ˣֽ§°Ϳĵͷ
Լ뻳иֳЦ⣬ûĲˣҲ֪ôˣʲô£Ҫδػʵ˵
֣ᰴģ𲻿ˣûʲôǹȥģ治ĵʱ򣬾ңҡ
ظӱ̰ϵ񣬺㡣
ة֮£ոջ·һֱţǷóĬԴװ֪飬ڻǰһҷݺүʵ
ɼոն˯ˣԴƺ˲ſգǷ֮£ôԼ泩
ûʲôҪæˣؼңˮӹ㣬ǽȥôûʲô
ˮɨһֿտգûһ͸һСʧ䡣
һ֪ԵģڹŵѧЩʲô
ˮ룬ѧࡣ
ָϸϸһһһ
ͷΣû˵̫꣬ӵܹѧôҲͦõģЩɱ̫ӵºȡ
һ˸ˮϰԵĸŹԺӣų
̧ۿǰ۵Сһܹõı˶ԼϣоǶ˵ദܵСһĸţˮЩࡣ
ˮԼҰţûһĿԼһͷͿһõӡ
ԴԾŲŲ
ջĿ⣬ԼڹߣԹ͸ϽȥյĹ𣿡
ˮͷɵĲ˵
󣬻˵ľˣٵǶ֮ദ
ƾҲٴȥ
ԡطϢ
ؽطҹֻǾҲﴧ¶㲻Ƿǡ
תסôˣ˯𣿡
¶˸ͷͷס
ӿĻůģ˸оʡ
ô𣿷㶼û취
Դ֮󣬸оرأ鶼ܹ˳ѹʮ겻ģƫƫˡ
ܹյ£һذɡ
һִļЦӯӯţҲô𣿡
ز֪Ϊֻ̾˿Щ£漰̫˺£ô
ǰ͢ϵ飬Ұﲻ㣬Щ£ҵ԰ġ
žҹµȻ裬ȻܹȤ
*
һҹİæһˬûҹֳɲ
˹İţȥ̵̫ӵ¹̫ӵʹˮţҲܹרֻҪԼָ㣬ʣµʱźة֮¡
ʱ˾ʹةЩǹݺ϶үĵ⣬ʹû϶ү֣үĳƺţóҲʧơ
ΪʣһжΪ˶Ը¡˵ĵ˼ѣة൱ȷʵǴҲȷʵԼһȥһ۸ĸ׵˶õ˱Ӧ
Ϊһ㣬Ӧллةǡ
ûҪ淢ةֻ࣬Ժ游ûá
ֵ̫ڻǰδϵע⡣һة˱ЩʲôĲǡ
ҪѺة൱ԼԴġ
ڹͷҲ̧ͷͷĹϵó֮£ǶЭͬٲ˻෬ӴҪټ䴦Ȼвͨġ
£ߵǰһ⣬˵鶼ûΪԼʵ̫ǳϡشŤͷˮһ飬ˮȻҲǲ֪
û˰취ǹߵǰ̫Ȿʵڲףʾһ飬в𣿡
С̬˳صע⡣ʵǳظոջعͿǰ˵
û˵ʽǰʾһ飬˳ٸˡƶǶӣذѽһԼٺú롣
ߵһԣˮ˵Ļ̫ǲ鲻̫ãʲô֮£ŵķ
˵ˮžԼ޹أڰǱ߳Թ㰢˵һٻԼȥģҹûʼԣͱŻطͺƵġ
ҲգˮݺһˮðԵҪѰռΪУô꣬㶼ôףǰɻˣҲǵİѽôܶ͸
ⷬԹҲ̲סۣ̫鲻ãȫС˸ֵģÿղ˼ҷˣ˶ʱ䣬˭ûƢɣ
ڹŮ鳤֮£ֻˮ곤꣬Ҳʲôͷ࣬˴ˮļ򣬡Ժ㰢Զһ㣬ٳ̫ڸʱϲ㰢㣬Ͳˡ
ˮί߷߲ƽҰڹϲŻظһˣͻˡҪҰԶһ㣬Ҿûˡ
һڣҧԼͷ̫ȱöˣܶʲôʶȤ
ڹ˴գӹȥ˳Щͨ
ʼոǵķͳһҡͷµҪ󣬱֮ǰ½ǳĵߡ
رֳûĵķӦյܴӦͰ˶죬ǻ֪㣬±գԺǰôô֣һҲ
Щ秵Ե꣬ԭͱǶҪСϻ˵ǰϿңǸ˵ģû뵽ڶȫǱ˸Ƶģʵһ
ػظʱʿ͸Ϣ˵ǳǼͬԸܳ͢İá
ʱǰûųȥЩ򣬶Ƚ˴£ڵ£Ȼġ
˻ϵ׿ϣŸȥʽЭ顣
ʱɫǼ֮ǰ̧Ҫ͢أвƳ͢ͷԾһϣһȥȷϸ
һϣֻǲϵӣΪ˳ͷǼԵڶ컹ûͳ˸Щ̸ãȽǰڳũңÿյĳʳɳ͢еͬʱҲҪų͢ЩֱǵסձΪֹ
ⷢ˻ʱм价ں׳⣬ҪΪҪ񣬻δз⡣

 102 

Ȱѳ֮·Ըȥ, Щ²ҪΪͷ˻ȥ, ֻҪʱʱȥʼ, ලǷܹƽ
صϻ㱨չ, ɱҪͺةӴ, һ棬омİҲٽ游, ǸĳΪˡ
ةҲƽƺϵı϶˼, һ糣, ڻǰǽİ, ԼĻɵعԱп˿ֿ֮£ةϽ, רԱȥ¡
ֳֺõĻ, ûƸ, ǽ˱ȥ
һͬʱ, һֱĬةȻ̾˿֪ﲻ̹ûаҵ˵֪ԺҲᡣԺ󲻹ķʽദҶϣܹҸ, 㹻ˡ
ǻܹ飬֪ĸ׼֮׼ûи淢ǶĿݡ
ԺҺˣǾͽҺˡǺҵǲ뽻˹ȨʶꡢڵģҲҪТʲôҲٿһͣǱͨ͸
ǰΣ˵Ļȴʮʵ
زĿôѣһֱ˽İȴҪκεĻرϵĻ
ڱУ᲻ǲТ
׵Ŀ㲻⣬ŴԺǷǷǣͨ˵˵ġģԼɡة⻰ǿģȥмֱ΢
ûٳĬһڣԼ̬ȡ
˲عڵңԺҵ£Լ˲رҡҶԺûʲôԭ²ԭµģֻǶʱڣû취֮ܺǰ£Ժлһлҳڡ
ةʪˣⶮµ˵ֱӣȴûнų⡣ͷ游ģةаο
˷ֱ󣬳һ˻˼ҡ
Źة࣬ҲŹԼΪ⾩ﻹиҪ˵ȥչˣЩƽƽȥȴ֡
أô˵һ
ԼСֹ޷԰Σæһ̧ͷȻһˣĶʱʱһͻͻ١
ܿ쿴ŵĲŷ
Ķߵ¡
ϷһڵĲˮոĺר־أ䣬˲裬СĶûв
ǲҺңˡ
Сң̲ס٩
˵Լ˼һϾôزס
һϰô˽Ҳҽ
泩ٲ֮ǰǰأͨʲô飬˰ɡ
Լģůջô磬Сˮأûһ
仰ĵܵǣ֣ҽбҪ죬ǰˣڹŵ飬µܻ

ЩʧӦһԴļͷ
Щˣڳůģоʣ㲻뿪
Խᱧֱشϡ
£ڱĿЩƣ̬ʧ˹۾˾˯һʱݵĺʱ㡣
ţԼֱۣԼ˯ĴϣܵĵȶȣԼ･¶ȣоˣƤټܲס۾ꡣ
ӵԼҲЩˣ˯һ
СԺžɨѾҲûУԷ˯ƺͬһΡ
һ˯һʱʱ߹ϼʱǻƻ衣
ڳػﶯã˯úܳҶֻȥ˴۽ë
Ƥ΢Ҫˣæۼװ˯
ãҲŲһ£۾һ˫īӡ
ǱѾõˣڼԼһˣĿռСӽޡ
ﲻʱһЩ죬Ҳû˺ţȻ¶Ҫࡣ
ι˳أָоЩˣǻĸо˵ʣžͲŲһ¡
ɳһĴüͷ
Ұ׼ˮš
ʮʶȤĴ·ȥˮԼԸ·ȥԡңŻطȥ
첲סʱǶ̶̵һ·ͷǰһ¶ûֱ̧оȺƣ̧߰ͷóذ£Լ·ԡͰϴӡ
ͬûзŹźĻᣬһ̤ԡͰڣмλãԼ֮ٽǰ
񱳿ţţԴͷô
û˵ֻЦţùзͿĨմЩˮĨɫݣЩĨʱĴУŵ
ûʲôͬϸϸϴţżҲϴ£ʱǴ̱״̬
ϴòˣˮţرסһ
ѽ
񾪽гŵĵоòǡ
ϤĸоǸоֻԡͻȻϴˣǵϴһ顣
ˮ±֮ǰķŹˮϵˮգһ磬ɢͷط䡣
ûڴһֱڴߣҪʱһԼںʵı
Ҷˣ
˵ģûأ͸أٽȥܶˡ
һЦһıӣУȥ׼յڷԣ
Ȼզģˡ£㲻ٻѣڷϢ
ȥԸһ˳ֵּԺԷ
ˮһؼϢԹǷһۣڷ԰ǲ̫ˣϰѰڷԷ
ؾûĵСһۣ£ǻԼԺԣǾͻȥԣʲôʱֵˡ
ϲͰһԷˮί
ɽԼСܵļ򣬡ϲͰһԷɽϲ԰㣬߰ɣˡ
ؾǰߣŶⷬ¶ǵĻһͷ˶һۣȴû˵
ɽյ񾯸棬ЦСܴҴҸڴ
õܵһԻߵԺû취ǡ
ֵּ飬һȫûţԺﲻʱ˵ˮˣȥ߶ԼֳһǿȲ裬һǶԵģ˿԰æ飬ˮҪȥֳǸ
һߣԱĹ˰ʱһӿýζʱصĿƣŻԶ



ڶ, ȥ˹˯ͲŻת, һû˯ѵƣ, ҧ˸ֻоȫʹ
, ʶʹ, ҹһǾôʹʹӣһҹ֪ô, ֮ûô˯ƣ, Ҳƣ
۾ſڴ, ҧ, »ѣȥԸ˰ѳԵ͵
, һ, , ԵĻδͽ, Ѿ̶߽ˣùĴ뿪ʱѹûǰ߹
ǳطԸģӱÿ˽򴲵оԼˮ֮±¶ǰ, ߵ̧ͷԸѾÿζڷʱٰѶˣȻܿߣ²źۼΡ
ҲãٺѾ߸껹ʰٸˣʵΡ
û˸ŵճ˵һжǰͰģԹ緹˻ֹڸתһȦܼһ㱨Žո飬ʲôҪģʲôطҪݣҪĲҵ֮񣬶ڴ
ǶѻһдÿնһЩֱҲֹۣһճһ֡
һգ۾һµʱ䣬ص;ƽ̹˳죬ϻ⽫µĺүλ͸أܾˣǰҪӳѾλɵλֿɵʱʱͻȻˡ
ҪԼҲܹãαҪǳǸλ
ϼ˰ֱͣԵԺ˴󹦣һзͣǳԳңʹϮҵľλ϶зҲ޲ɡ
ҲоضԺةǴʲôʱʼֻ֪һûȥةฮʲôǶڹ﹵ͨ꣬˹˾Ͳйͨ
һԭˣҲֻһ룬֪ΣɣԼ
һͨǱûʲôġ
ƷϣȨ˿һƸ𿴵꣬񲻽ӣѧͷεգһʱϰͬͷѾȫȻڻ£ôһ񷴶˹ʱ䡣
ֻҪ¿ʽʣµĴӲϵ񶼿Դ͡
û࣬ÿĩָĹǮҲ࣬Сӹúһ㶼ۡ
ʱûصĳЦĻ￪ƷȻӲҲҲ˰ﻹﳰЦкúõĹټҷ˲Ҫͷ¶׬СǮЩ¥ݵûٸ鵱෹̸ʡ
˵Ǻةһڣԣϳֶ࣬ȳ¼ǵעһӱתƣ̵Ҳ㲻ʲôἰ
գÿ˱ؾ˳ܵصһϢ
½ѧķӱټȥޱʷ飬ǿأһͬμʷޱ
ԻδμӿƾٿԵѧӣĪʷޱΣμ˶٣ֻҪ⾭ڽƿʱܹ
˵ҪúãпֱӱѡΪ͢Աؾ˷ܣŹĿ佱
˰죬е˱Ҳûʲôϲɫȥ¡
ؾȻĺˣһ㲻Ϊеϲսǰǲǲģ
ûаɶͷԣҡͷ
ؾã˵Լﻰ
ôң
һ£漴Ц
ڵҿ𣿶Բû뵽
ؾܵϽģ½ѧöܹõӵĸ߶ۣ֤ؾĵģ·ţԲݣҲԵ˵ȥ
ҲΪˣٿؾ
ˮСʲôһʲôɾͣͻܵǰһҪϼŰݣؾһؾԸ͵ȣżǫá
û뵽һ죬Ҫ
ؾɫԽԽڣֹסЦ
ֻܰϰһڵĳɾͣȫԤ֮УҲûúܾȡ
ܵܣżȺ£ӦףףؾӣȥֱСԣĴͱһһһ·ԻȥȫȻ˽˵Ŀ⡣
ǵСʱ򣬵˳Եģ۶໹٣ĸһΪģûڰ·Ͼܳꡣ
ؾ˺ƣȪ֪ҲеοɣĵĬĬš
һֻѼһֻлټӼСˣϴͱЩһ飬ؼҼһˣ˸˷ֱʱֻ
ϵǺȫͬոǵ㶫˵ֻģʹ˲ʳдͱӳ֣һ˳뷹ǳԱ
ޱʷֲ£ÿ궼УǰʷޱˣֻҪԼԸ⣬ָܹһְٰ
ذǰļ䣬ֵּӡ
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ȻˣҲ˶ĻᣬҪ٣þƾٿԣȡ֮лᡣ
˵ӣؾôޱʷĲʵȤ֮ԻӦǷӵ飬һ𾴷ӣþܾӵĺ⣬һݾܹȨ
ΪһʲôˣԼļƻǶȻڹʷ飬޹ʹĲ¡
أĽҪΪˣŹְ󣬱ȴӵгְȨһ㲻УҲǸ̫̫ˡ
ųйڹ⣬ǰѹڹиõı֡
ôŬΪ˽ܹΪðܹϰǵĺӣĲ벻ܵõõı
ؾԹôģΪΪˮѾ̫˰Ҳڹܽеܸܵȥⲻֵ֪Ϊ֮ŬжΪ
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ΪǸеˣҲΪԼ
ʶˣҪռԼɽԸ⣬ҿΪټһ¡
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Կܱܵŵװ׵ģضܾܵһãڣҲǳı
صһ֮£֪˵ˣ游ةࡣة࿪ڣةǲܾģɽˡܹǰΪةպȡ֮󣬺ةôŰţɽ⽫·Ҳ̫ߡ
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˳˳ˮʱøӿ졣
ָͷ㣬޸Ѿʱ䣬˵ճɻʱǲûгΪķޣһҲôһӡ
ǰĸֻҪ˻飬๫й֮ʵ֮󣬾ܹµС䲻һμУôΣܸһеİɣ
ǰĸӣмʱҲ࣬˵ΪºСŹЩʱҪһӡ
һܼ򵥵飬ôûأԻ󲻽⣬Ҳú˭ȥ˵
żʱһ롣
պȨߵýҲǰǰ㶷֣ǰʱ֪ΪλмŤ
֮΢ı仯ԶȨ⣬ȨڶԺҲǹмӣ˾ͬͬϵʮǢ
Ҫ˵һʱ䣬Ʊͳشһʱ仹Ҫࡣ
Ѱ˼ٹһ󣬽ǽаһ̯ú̸һ̸Ͱ¸µˡ
񣬿Ҹʲôˣ
صԺⶼ߳һһë޵СһԼһܽԺӣԴš
ȥСһֻӣͨĻëֻбӺצܱǴɫģʱɵò񻰣Ҳһ£Ҳ֪ǱˣǱ붯
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·ʱ˨żֻڽǮҪ⹷ʮԣתһϲ
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ĹӷŻصϣЩ᲻أű߲䣬һֱҲûԶ
Ҹȡְɡ
Ƥգգۣص
㣬˵ʲôͽʲôС֣ȡģֻҪϲ
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ĵװ̾ԭΪ˶һ֣ҪǽСĵģҲͰˡ
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ˣҧгݵķʲôںҳɻ飿ںͬ
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һŤͷųؼͷݺҧȥ
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ôˣͶҧҼڣޣ񡣡
ϵ飬ŵİοһΪãȻô˷ҳǺõģԭҺòãˡ
ԽԽͣ
֮ǰЩġ¡̻̲ʱȫи֪ΪʲôĪ˱ӡ
ԺҲˣұ֤
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ᣬ̯ϴˡ
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