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ġǧˣ飩

ʮɽĽΪԼҵˡ

׵尲ȴ˵㲻ûڡ

Ȼһͱ

Ľ֪ԼˣһŮ

ŮҪĽ͵

Ů˵飬ĽʬҰʽ

ĽӲһִеĶŮ䣬Ů츸ĸĽ㡣

Խǰ˶ԾĽĿ

̫ӣӹ֬׷ۣ¿ϡ

ԭǸõĹߡ

ԭŮĳ

Խ

̫ӣ׷Уcue

ԭҰȣ

ԭŮ˵ʲôʲô

Ľ˼ֻŰǡ

ˬģȫԱŰŰ̲

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εСʷ̫͵⣬Сϼţ߻һٷĴ󳼡
ģ쳣ƣʵ̫࣬˶ͷ󺹡ͷ׵ϳ֧ػ赹ߺر̧ߡ
ϵ֪˽аĵİٹǳ
ͼΣæҪżϳǺ¡ԱǰͲñ³ŮɫСӡ
ѽ֮꣬ȴֻһǣܳ衣
˶֪и˵ˡ
ֱһ죬һ𾪳Ұ¡
ᱩĵһԶŮһףһױٻŮӡ
ҳģʬɫ
һҹ֮䣬˻ʺ̫Ӻ͹
ʺǿλ̫Ǹޡ
λŮӣǻʺǣǺϤ
ǰĿµıãСǧسǽһ񽾺ᣬƫ߬ŵġ
˵Ҫ٣¾ʷة
ȻʷŮӣⲢȺϿɲôŵǡ
ֱȺ쿴ŴŮָűƿڴ·ǵŭֺǺǵǰա
û뵽ı¡
찲缦ʱú˻۱£Ȱ˵䡣
ģҷǺ͹ʦЩ˵Ĺϵ毵ĸ硣
Ȧҡ
һ죬½ǹؽɵӴ˾糯
ٺ֪ӳ˲ĳɵ½ʳǾߣһҾꡣ
ǰʱڳ²ַϢ٣ɲɣøһ档
ʱļĽ˿ȸ뿪ĵ꣬ˡ
*
ҳһʱ򣬺Уľ̨Լǵ۾ǲ˼顣
翵ڼžʵĹɢǳʱڣ
Ϊʧʱ룬׵÷⣬һķ
˭֪⸱ƤµоѾˣǱˣ·Ļʺǡ
ΪλΪ毣Ҳ̫ЩͷĿѣ
һƬڰȻȻһУź̺һ濴Լ֡
ɫдСľһֲĿġ
ǿܶ໰еĻ棬Ǵе硣
û뵽ԼȻǻˡ
Կ͵۹ڻϻعԼݵһָо΢ԭΪԼر𣬿ɵͷǱ˱µľż
ҪҪ
ǾʱƼ򽫾λ̫ӱӳɽһεʮ̲꣬סɽȥ硣
˺ܶˣоµ֮ȡ
ǣǸŮһǧգհײ롣
ǣһм仹пɶķͶŮ䡣
⣬ŮȵãΪĽ⣬ȻȻǵͷС
ǻ˵ǺճɾתвؽɵռΪС
¾Ǵ⿪ʼʵģɵȱߣĸôĸŮôңĸ⡢ộ
֮ǳױˣ߿ʼ˷ŷҵĹѪ֮·
ӳԼУ˼Ǿ
ֻڷ꣬Ϊ˺ӣΪѲ壬;ƿݡ
۵Ƶؿ꣬˵ʲô顣
ⱾҲ㲻ϣβʲݲִ١
ͻȻˣ毷ˣٹ
⣬·ͣںõĻҰС
ոɹȴֻʮĻʵۣӸȻ󡭡
Ǿҳ֡
ա
ֳһ֡
лҪ˵дȥˣŮϲ䣬ɡ
ǣдȥң
滹ۣʲô߼ĵƬСһӣʯһѡ
ȫжȫйŮġҪ毴Ҫһ
Ҳа
Ҳϲǹ˵ģʲô۵ģǾԼֵ۵С
毣ΪԼϲ¡
㿴ˣǸж·λβ
ƾʲôǵҪһβݣƾʲôǵĽֱȼ־
Ǿþòƽȥ顣֪Ǵ˶ã˶١ֻЩÿȻԼǸ
뿪ɽʣЩ飬̥ǡ
ѾǴǰˣť»ǣ
̧ͷսȭͷĿơ
·ȥˡ
Ȼһ۾ͳ毡
չӿҰǼᵽǳպ㡣
ΪӳҩʶơǼҩк֢С
ڣһжޱʵ
ѣУǷ·һ仭ʯˣǵһҪ󣡡
Ǹߵʯǵʲô
̱ϣŷؿڣܵһ³ҵ
Ѳ²ʱȽÿһ¶ȷʾš
ΣǵûдҴᣬԸı䡣
ǱߴѾؾˣӣС
Ůţ۰׵ļԿ̱
ǿһϳ毵澰ƣûٰԼԡ
ӡ
֪ԼһϸĸףһֱԼһԶĺӡ
ǵľ°СӱϽӹٵһ̿ʼ֪һжͬˡ
粻ʹʵΣգȻ˹һҪѺӴߡ
ʲôʣ뵽ӣгŵѾƽ
ǿžİƣ̧ͷ̽ߡ
Ʊ΢Ŀһæͷȥ
´ˣ·Ѿɱ˺Щˣ˵ҪƱ˱ۣ̿ҪǧС

γѵĻ㱸ȥǲʶء
ǸˣлЩ㷡
ò׽ˣڸᵶɱ·ϣ                        
лҪ˵ղءǧˣ飩
ʮɽĽΪԼҵˡ
׵尲ȴ˵㲻ûڡ
Ȼһͱ
Ľ֪ԼˣһŮ
ŮҪĽ͵
Ů˵飬ĽʬҰʽ
ĽӲһִеĶŮ䣬Ů츸ĸĽ㡣
Խǰ˶ԾĽĿ
̫ӣӹ֬׷ۣ¿ϡ
ԭǸõĹߡ
ԭŮĳ
Խ
̫ӣ׷Уcue
ԭҰȣ
ԭŮ˵ʲôʲô
Ľ˼ֻŰǡ
ˬģȫԱŰŰ̲

ұֳ

ڳɵյһŲʳеֽȵּ˵Ҫ˽
µֽαģ毲֪ǣʵѺһˡ
ûϣҲֻ¡
ǽƾͼƣҹԼ°Ů֦˳
д˺֦״һƵϡ毵ˮ©Ȼز°ѱû֤ݣʱ޷׷
ڣѾʧȥǣֻɱйˡ
˼Բߵʱ򣬰ưûӦֵ̧ͷ
˫κĿʹţٲгЩȻ
ﰮЦʱ޿̲΢Цദ˲Ż֣ᷢҡҷĵЦ̵£ľơ
ȴĶţɽеһغ̶
⼸³ȥɵ廳ˣδ󹬡ϻʥݱͥȣĿ±һȺ˴ô޴С֮ǾͲˡ
ôô򶨣ԽԽë
ǴǸµˣѲҪ£΢Ц
һȦŷⲻԭ޹СƹûС
ֻܵ淭ǽˡ
ûߵſڣ⴫˻ż侪ֵġ¡ȻѪ
ŵûһæˣͼһ˻Ѫˤ
ʬϻιһ޳ӰѬйЮɱ˲
ִ粽ģµմȾѪʪ妵޷գгѪ糾ͣδüƽ¡
ɱ
ûκα飬һͿǸŮˣȻûı仯
һ·߲ݵظϻͬʬ⣬ֱڿնвһ˿Ĺ
޵档
ԣҲδգһʱԼǣԶɱ
һ˫һۣ۽ŷ·飬Ȼü۱ƣ̣Ю֮˲ҳӡ
ǰǴ밮ǵһμɫĿɱǧΡ
¡ŴˣһҲ˵
ֱֱ⻮ש̶
ĿбӵһƣƲҽһѪ
ⲻôý˽ǽʱϲ߸ϵطƣϹۡ
˵Уմϱ֮Ѫ
ˣ˵ҿз·һƬ˪¶Юе塣
һڷأʱ֮ڴϣܶ˽ӡ
Լ֪ˡ꣬ҵ֮ʡ
ۿƤ̫أ̫άֺʧȥ
Ųפڴߣһָֻա
ֿ󣬴ֲڣȴһƬëһѩ
һ˫̽ὭɽӺǬ֣ܲķմѪȴԶ
ֻģģһ仰
ˡ
̾ţͳɤƲס΢
û뵽ҵԼĵһ仰ġϾ뿪ǰͬˮ
ǻΪԼֿӣ۳
ǱӣҲûʲôֵġ

ֱָҧгݣͬӵĶҪ
ȻҪ£ֱŹˡ
һ̿ա
ˣʱô£
Ц⣬һ£պХ
Ǿ͵ش˸겻ӦݣҲ
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ʱһθܵʹӵʱĿڿ˿ڱܵ
֮ǰǺģٻ֪һУˡ
毵
ûӡ
ΪɱƿЦ
侲һ㡭˫ȷעֹѪѨ
ܸˣҪ졣
սս㵽̨棬첻ˣ˲ң㣡
ƽʱⶨܲŮ쳣û˸ô˵ֻǻô
Ѿʧȥǣ޲ûΪᡣ
֪ң
ֳʹһʹʡ
Ȼл¼ᣬ嵭ձѪ̫죬ΪԼۻˣɻܿϡۡ
㣬μޣȻסˡ
ɱ㣬ȥૣݣ߬еĽִ̹
˶徲
Ǹô㸴һɨգû򻳾ɸпּŭظڵȦȦλƷɧ
ѽ˭ȾܲΣĿǣ
ֲ£֪˶ٻغϣɱԻ΢Ӵھ˺ʲôԾˡ
Ǵڴ˼תţ£϶ȥ
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ҺЩڣô꣬Ҳûȥ鷳
Цһڸ٣ôڲҵ
ŭıڻصɱ
ŵһ
ԭ֪䣬ô᲻ɱ
漴ףȡ
¡ǰ̽ӵغ
Ǻݺݶγ˵
ʦůȺ򡣡
߰ɣĬĬ
Ƭ̶ݵľĬǰδйؼ尾
ⲻһᣬȻ־ٽҪұۡ
̬Ǿ֪ưոݣʱעĵ⣬һѸٹ
ⲻԿֻ࣬ǿ壬ԼɾİԷṦ
Ҫ˴ҹ毣ùȥ
㣿žزֱȴǰࡣ
ʱҲ˲ϱ¶ˣͷ󺹣ߵװݵ֪ﲻ⣬ȥ˸
û뵽ŵʱûôϹϾ˾ȻҪ̫۸ˡ
һƲΪȻ㣿
ſڵϲĬšǰ˫ȾѪĺɫЬ棬ĶҪ
ʵڲУʵڲֻˣҪ                        
лҪ˵һԤգԭܾ
ɽСˣĳͻȻֺܶУȿַֺҪ˫
֪ԼһԽһµһξͱŮ˵ԭ
ŮǰԵû뵽ԭѡ
İ
Ǵ޵֣޵̫įϲĴεԹ
ĳ죬˵һֱԼĵһޡϹޡˣܣȥΧŸͨͨŮ
סˣҿ
Ů˵ʲôȺܻȤ
ڸŮxɹ
ʵŮʶģΪԹϲȥʶŮ
Ůİ
֪Լƽӹϲûϵû˭ȣҲûΪʲô
ֻ밲ȹԼ
һԸʵ
ͻȻиŮռӣƤЦŭһϦӮ˵Ļ
Ƕϲüø
ƾʲô
΢ķˣķʽԼ
ģһͷø

ַһ

Ӹ¿ȥϵɴˮں󱳣Ǳ޷ƵؾҲţĻһӺݷ緶
Ǹܵţѡһŵüһⶪ˽ת̤š
ڼݡ̼ϸ߸߳һǺһصڵϡ
Ķǡ
שϵѾľˡͷĿѣҡҡλεվŶӡգܲˡ
֪ҩģ뺰æû˸̤ˡ
ſһŨصѪζȣ䵭бʬأѪɺӣȾ˻ҶףĿǽ塣
÷ʱڣʪȣֻ¥ߵͷ贩ӰӺܳ
һжģһѲجΡ
Ըⲻҵ
ԺҪôأ뿪һ𣿿ɺӻϣӡ
飬һᣬȥ˷ҳһЩҩࡣ
ʮָϸƵģ޼ԲָͿޢ˸ţϻֵֻǵ
껹Ǹʱ˫Ҳ˽ۡѧҽԲҩ壬ٺ˷ֲͶѣһ˫ֲֻڣĿ
ֳȥˣûžƳͥԺһ˥ݴԲģɳɳ졣
Ǽ˸֦߹ȥһ
һСŮۼС
һ̵С׹ܳ
毵İȶԲŮרı硣
ǱܾԲԲڵ֡
˳˳ëǰһԲˣεģȫˣֻġ
ʲôֺֺЦͷ̳Ĺ
ڱ߶šҪɱū澡ı磬ĺӣֻʮ꣬ⳡ֣֮ӹһ١
£ˡˮҪԡ¡
㶳ҭ˺һŷӦ˼ؿǰԲӡ
Ϧü۽欣ҡҡ׹մѪ뺹Խòɷ
ȴƵԵԶɽӽ
Ժк翴һ۾ôǻʲôûһض
ȥǴߴ١
æȥˮ
ǿıӰʱԸԸǸʵϵĺӡ
СĩȹŮϤҲȫԼȥ趹
˵֮ͽĽ
ƺã毴æȫģƹã⻹Щ
źһңǽשϻܿϸ΢ѷ̦
Ĵѹˡ
˿ڻʹʹš
ȻţǰһͿء
ҧţԺһСı֪ˣһҪѽһ
ʱı飬вһ⡣
ΪʲôҪȵʱٻЦĸҰ
Ǵǰ첻µز£ֻ򱳺ϵֻ
Ƶʬ廹ǣɷֻ䣬һ·ϵԺְ˰ڰںã˹硣
Ұһᡣ
Ŀ³̶Ȳڱ°
ǰϼ˸ӣ쳤ɵءûУֻԼŲԡͰ
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ѹǺͱ綼ˡ
ϵļѩۣӯӯһգ͹¡
ǣϣȴɲ˰̡
дüпֶΣ̱毺ĸ
Щѵİ̺ʱвܿƵسʹս·毵ǰյĿ־塣
˳Ҳ˲Ƥ
𵱳Ļط¼ҩѹŵֻҪúûţͲǿ
ʱ˫ۻֻģģˣȵذˡ
ǵ֮ʱתȥһŮˣҲʱ˶
ˮǲļȻƽ
֪䲻֪ȣû뵽лܸܵů
̴΢ţ̲ס˸Ƿʱ̵źӡ
𰢱СֹɵСӳ²ֵǳ;棬һۻˣҪµˡ
һ뵽ضǾ絶
Ժô졭絨ʵ
Ҳ֪̾ͷԡͰԵüĶ㼡
ڷؿûôõԡէһصŵĻǰļһ㸡֡
ˮƣϴڳɵصʱ
˯Ժˮָȥ»ˮϴȥÿһ塣
תһȵǣĶᴵ
硣
ͳȻӰΡ޿ɿܵʣڳر߷澵ӡֵųر߱Ĵʯ
Сغ΢΢س˫գ΢ǳķ󣬷·˲ϼ⡣
˳Ⱥǳ򡣻𢻹ȵȻǵƸһջˮĳƺŲɡ
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￴һεۣȻŮʧ˵Һ˷ܰжѼ
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һȻѱһˮ䣬˸䣬æӴ·
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毣һҧгݵŮ
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Ϊᴦ֦
ɽɱɽеʹӣֻ´Сչĺ֦Ǵȡ
ڳɵʱҲݵ˵ӣΪᡣ
뿪ʹʱҲú֦һߣܾˡ
֦ᱳ⣬֪ԼҳϣԴڶҳϡ
˶⣬˺õģԹ⡣
Ҫϲ˲ҪɱҪǡ
治֪˭ǣ
ûʱЩ֦ŭһὣ
֦ô죬Ȼۡ˵֦ͱ綼ؿ
ȥǲͷԱ
һ£ԥһᣬŶƹɱĺ֦ȥԲ
ߺǶŭڵĺ֦֦ǣһˡ                        
лҪ˵ŮΪ˯ŮʵûУһһޱר飡
ٷ²
ǣŮԭСôҵŮɶɵˣ
ģԺСӻġ

 4 

Ʋסȴƽȡ
㣬˵ʲô֦ɣһ۾
֪һֱԼҹģľֹ
ڡ
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Ҳ֪ô£Ժͱˡ˫ա
Ϊܻȥ𣬡֦ЦýָǹԶΪҽһҪⶾﱨ𣡡
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㣬֦Ӳͣɵ˵ͱϤܳϣġ
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֦ע⵽ˣѪ͸ɴ۵ص⣬ǱŪģ
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֪֪㲻ڵ⼸жѹĺΪʲô
ֺ֦ǰһɸ֣Ҫ֪㣬ҪԼϴɣ
ĵ̫ˣֲû˹˵Ĳˡ
ܸ˵ȻһΡ
֣أ֦֪˵һƢ̾ЩһֱڳɵҲÿסڵҲʹңһϢûУҲƽˣ´ûз
Ϊǲ֪Щʵ￴ˡɿһ£׶˵һָо
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ۿҪ۵ĺޣû뵽ⲡúȴ࣬˺ϵ𣬻˺һ¸ǿмӡ
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Ҫ뿪شն
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ܽͣﺬŶ飬ʬ˯һ˵·ϣ¾ҹŹıס
ǻëֱ
飬ﲢδСʱ￴
µı˵ܶס꣬
Ѿ꣬һңԶصĴ˵ˣҲЩ
ǻǵʱϲϻɫСӣȥ˵Ҫû˵Ǹõġ
һߡ
ĪлصԼ
-
ůڣһƳ۵Ӷţīһ̴ľסͷ忡ˮ֮滺ĵ궯ֻȴüչ
ֻ̱һһɫҷض
ߴᣬ̽һůڵʱ
ŨĽüƵѹ۽ޣƽͬ翵ŵ⽣ӰϲŭѲ⡣
񣬡˲֡лء
ȡһż㣬⡣
仰Ȼһ˿⣬ݲ滺Ȳչϸ
Ƚŵʬδ˵áǣֻ践㡣
ˡָĵֽػţɳɳ졣
̧ʵűѪϴΣչ黹ҵˡ
⹴˹ǣһЦӦڻĺá
΢΢üǱǿȡᣬҲɽĽ
ǰƽͣĿȴһ˿⡣
ⲻõΧʱ
Σڵϵüչһһ䣬ݡ
ĦµĽ֣޿еģ־ڱصãһЩܣֻܹˡ
ʵǶ֪ڻ˰̴ڼá
ɫȥػģʱɱ
ϾҪҵȻǣ˵ʲôܡ
Ҳ̫ס
-
Ǻͺ֦˵䣬ִ
毳ּ
ߵ̽
Ҫʲô̾ȥ¡
ʮֶ꣬նյģ׾Цݿ䡣
毴ǰֹжȡׯݣԴӳ˺ԽšôҲǰ˵ϻ˵ͼǺˡ
ϻͥȣк˶毱ֻʣһ˴꣬Щ⡣
ǸĹϵһΪ˶ϸڡϲ©˭۸ȥůҲ˱Ǹһϡ
ȻƽʱҲ۸ˣ毺ĳ£Եƽ׽˶ˡ
ɤӣչʥּϣƶʳԡΪˣĽ䷢ΪᣬƹŷΪʺﳭڡմˡ
Ȼһ׷Ϊʺ
ԣֺŶûУҲδɥǣѵ˵ϳѾˣ
ͷһ㸴Ե˼ת˲š
Ľ䷢ΪᣬҪԼԼ
̧ͷ˼ؿּĽ
֮У΢Цʧӡ
ʱַĥ
һֱ֪ǸĺˣֻǴǰǸۻû뵽һȻԼˡ
ϣ㿴Լȣ㶯ְƵʣǺƵЦ⡣
ʺСᶨҪ¡
ֱҡͷ˼´㣬û𣿡
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ֻ⣬ûⲻʱ
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ͷɶϣѪͷܶҪǸͷҲŹ                        
лҪ˵Сɰƽҹ



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֦Сʮ꣬𽹿һùáο¶Իʺǧ˳µȻҲȻʺŮһȡ
ת⣬ʰȡ֦ùÿɲҪ嶯
֦ͷףֻϱϾΨһŮС
ϸüؼһ𣬲Ϊξ˵ֻЦ½ԣЩū˵ķݣ֦ùĪҪΪū
֦ɵؿڵϵǣǿֱֱŵ棬ȴ˵Ҳǰÿη˴ҧܷҲῪκ
һǾ󣬶ҲȱۣǱ軵ġ
֦̾Խͷϣ˵ֺˡޱһͷ
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֦ü䣺ﻹǰһ嶯ԣһ㶼û󡣳ɵϻб³ҹţôߣһߣˣ
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ҽͱеؿ佱ҽ֣иԡ
֦߹ȥǼһᵹ֣ȷҹ
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ַöжȵˣһڵϣһֻȺнضţһٽŴ󺺡
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Ҫıжһ챻ˣˡ
дɵϣ̾þû˯ôĴˣͬƶʲôն׵⡣
ƺС꣬ܿ˯
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Ⱥ°ɫԧƲ˿ϣŤӣȹǰէйһ϶£Ǹˮ϶߱ʪȦˮ
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˯ԺƮƮģһۣǰİϤ
ǳɵ
һжά֮ǰӣ·жΣû뿪
ôζ뿪ĵط
̲סȥô꣬ΪԼѾо˾¶ˡһŷ֣ԭЩ»ĵףʲĥ
ڿɵĴ齻Щ𣬺ֹǴ齣طҲ
룬ɢԵø塣е͵͵ڿռټĵƮڸǣ
ʶѭȥŷԼӾȻǰ͸ģ
õģڱɹ»ҰǾҲûʲôǽܲ˵ˡ
ͣһף塣һᣬ׼Ʈȥһ
ŵûɢ
Ⱨʬ档
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 6 

ǿԼһӲӵĽ£ͷڣױޡſӣɫâȻ
һԼԭݳӡǹԱһԱȣɰͰ͵͡
ǣɡ
Ż˱ӣơǲſͨ˫ۣĻһõ硣
ӦֻŵǽǵǾޱţ΢ȵҹڵԽϮˡ
ⴹ۽ޣǿӣ⿪

ǲŵصɴ۾̬ʬ嶼Ź
󿴵ĺܶһЩؿڵڡ
̫࣬·ˡѾ˼ӿƣ͸㻻µģòã
ظƻûᡣ
½ʵ䣬ճߣһҲȥʱʬ塣
΢ָ⻬ĸϣƤɣеơ
ΪǸչһʱ䣬ˣɵװۣԼ
ͷĦ˼£ǿֻ߳ŭ޲ùȥٳ
ûûӵŮ˰ٿԵ
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ǣ㣡𣿡
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дţҪǨŭ毣ͷÿ
Цʧ

β˵ֻĵҹԽסʹ֪Լǻǲɽ
Ȼ͵һЦ
㾹Ȼ毣Ϊ𣿡
һεֽϣʪīۡնһһԳЦţҧгݣ·ŭ˼
ûһ˵
ᣬᡣεز˲ͷŷӦԼû塣
£⽫ֽϧط뻳УԹŵŮ˵ʲô㣬ֻҪϻ
ִ֣ᶨȻͬħ۸Ĵۣһ
ϲ̬Լˣû뵽ȴִԡ
ȻҿѰŻشϣ
ص˺ѷεĿµشŵĽ
£û°ɣŸżԽ
֧Ųסعڹױߣǿʪ°ױϲһƬĿĵѪ졣
ǣǣоȻҪһȥˡ
˭Ҫ㰡
ĪҪٶ㿪ˡͷűףޱߵľ۾
û磬ƬҲͣ
Ŵ򿪣龰ŵû겻壬еغ̫ҽ
һ϶ѰŵˡǱǳͷۡ
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ۣĴϣĿ
ǺȻãҲͦõġ
ƾԼԸЩʲô

 7 

Բͼͷɢ˼·ЬӳſȴֹסȻԶ
ŵñҲ˳ĿͷĪǷˣ
һˡ
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վӵʱŷӦԼѾˡ
Ƿ³ʣļ·毵Ĵ´Ǻ͵ģ߷ֶׯţǣ
û뵽Լһ̳¹񡭡
մã֦ˡһ鷳ġ
֦ͷöѱ򷢳ȥǹ¡
ȥ°ɣĵȲˣ
һ٣ԾŪױƽʣôˣ
ҹѪԣڶûѡ
룬̾һȥ㲻й¶ҵݡ
⣬ȴû
ȻҲųߣɱ
ϾΪʮˣҽ߸ĸģȡ
Ůǡ
ñȥһ׹Ůװ֦ͷ
֦ԵĵĴǱ߳Ա߿ޡ
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ǸʱΪҲζˡ
֦ˣҲ˸ӡ
Ѵּ̫ӣ̫һְ
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֦Цͷ̫ףǡ
ٹͬһĺΪ
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֦һ£ŷӦС˭Ŷǣ¸ȡᡣ
᣿ʮҲ̫˰ɡ
С㣿
Ʋ죬֦̾ϲ£Ϻͱסһƽնƫ˭ܲס
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þûͷˣ֦ͷ̾ͷֺܣģ毺öˡ
ǿЦһ£ֲûҵʬ壬ͷˣƣݲƵġ
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ļҩ⼸ͺϵãʱҩһܴԶ߸߷ɡ
ȵʱҲ޹ˡ
вǲϲ毵壬Ưֽ
ܵõػһεĻᣬǿʲôءطֻúý
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ǰˣԹ
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Ȼ磬ã
ģҪһߵ顣
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شƫƧࡣһ·زأڵ˳ɵ
ԷɣŸ߸ߵңпǧ
Թŵ꣬ʺǧꡣʱһʵȴΪʱİɵΪϣԼͬ
ͬʱҲһʥּһһλסʵ۾ͱǲɢԺɡסɵŮߵٳ衣
δɣʵ۱Ԧ죬ڽɽҲ˶ȥѳ飬Ҳӳ˵
ĵиУ½ģų˽Ρ硢̻Ի͵ӡ
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ߣǸ˯˰
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᲻ɴݣ߲ʤͬȨǸλϣкܶɼһԣŻ޷졣
ķīɢЦұһϸ⣬𲨵
ԣǰֻ̾ǰҲܹжһС
һҪҺ𣿡
գս˫ۣȦڻԲһ˳ض
ʵ˵֮ҲǺܳص

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֦̾ﲻǲ֪²ҩ˹˭Ȱö
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֦˭㲻ϸ߱㿪ģҪ֪϶˵ûҲȡ
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ʯǰеĹƷλƳʯ͸ġ
뿪ʱûߣڷõ߶ªЧղѡ
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˼룬ɫת࣬üͷ˼֡
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ǡȻ߽һ΢Ȼץס֡
ŵͣһ˲ûתļ󣬲ŷġ
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ǻǵõһεʱŴϣҭض˵һһӡ
̧ͷմȾһЩ룬΢΢һЦ㲻ͺ𣿡
һ
ޱȰãռʹ㲻ٰȣҲɼǵöҵĺޡ
޳ֱ֧ཫȦסһὫޱ鷢Ƶʱ˿̵̬˿ͷƣ֮á
ͷϵ
ɵҹƺ޾
ûݺݴ»е⣬ҪļҲһ顣
ûַ˶Щۡ
Ƥ
˦ŷ֣Ϳۡ                        
лҪ˵ ²ʲô
⣺бŵʱ
Ůְֺ޵



һܳΡ
ϾСС乬Уĵֽ̫ӼöգϦ
ĳһ꣬ĳһ£ĳһ죬ʱĶ졣궬䣬ҲѰǺУȴ·Ŀʼ
ѩʱ䣬С⴩ŶСĵ£·ˤ˼£ʪܡ
һȳһյڻԻ¥䣬ѵʳȥ͵һЩиˡ̫ˣܳԲ
ץסˣСⱻС̫ǰѩһƬѩ״̵˫ĿʹЩʳﱻǵѩȥ͹ʳ
ס֣ǸʲôʱһСȻЩڳݲ塣
С̧ͷѣĿпһ۵Сˡ
ͻȻˡ
ֵĲ߽ˡűӣŹʻ޽壬ȹѵǾޱ޲ǳ
һǣץס׷ϡá
ۿʹô꣬Ȼؼǵõʱ龰ǵʱģ
Ĳ״Ȼ޵ǽһ춯أҾ徣񰤴һƽ
ֺһᣬųƽ޵Сͨ죬ںīĽëմžӨỨ۾Բ
밡ҲҪһᡣ
ƫƫο
ǣǣӣִӶͳһӸ
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Ƕ˵սΨһĹ⣬Ӵӵ¶ɫʡ
ȡԴڴˣ˭ǽ߾ȫ׷أ
Ҳ˽뽫㡣

εǵ۾
Զ⣬ϵǾޱ
˵Ǿ䡰˲ң㡱
˵ûˡ
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һΣ˵ˣһ޲ɱ
Ҳãҵģûл˺ˣҲ֪ҲԸһ

ѼۣˣӲغӡ
ôھˣˣ⻹ðж˿顣
޴룬ӲͷƤͼ˫ۻɢǡ

ۼֿ죬̽Ѩλ
һֻͣ˯ȥ
ˡͷðĺ
кӵ洫ʱϳӦǸΡ
Ҫһ̺ӱܶ𣬿ǲ㰡еۡ
ű㿴źɫӣСƵģͼԺϡСƯСȹӣһߵСϻСŽţһضǡ
Щ̫ӰһСյú˵ģԺͯĻЦ
ǶڼɽţǣžĶˡ
ڷصʱҲСϲͱ棬һ߿ŰȰȴһ
һֱܹԣ˵ǹЩʴӣֻẦߵظһЦţϸܵĺ顣
֦򷢹ͰǻȥͰǣǰ
С֣һĮشܴϬ￴Ӱӡ
Ȼȴ˭Цеģ¶ŴŴСݡ
ǽŵð֪᲻ǺúƣС
Ƕǰġ
üôòһˡ
С֣קŰˣض˷ӣס

£ǰֻǻš
Ͳҩ򽻵϶ҩζΪϳǰصñȥ̫ҽԺЩҩѬѬ
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Ȼô򵥾ˣǲ˼ѵԼںоô³                        
лҪ˵ǣҵŮ㣬㣿

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С§˵ͷ˫ģˮī
ֻŵ˵Űﲻڵʱ£ʲôʲôߣ˵ʱ˷ܡ
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̫ˣҿԺ˭˵ǿ˵ĸͷĿƵͺӣתͷʵôģԺһЩһԽԽġ

ĬĬҧ˿ѹ
˸ŻϲߴߴɣҾ˵ԺһǸŮ
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ܱߵĻǾҲˣҴ򣡡                        
лҪ˵ͣһ죬СʹǶָղwлл



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ֻúůͣþȫۿһۣһСŰŹ⣬ϡˮ⣬ȴŵˡ
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۰ãԼûãȻʮֳ谮ΨһŮʱСסⲦ˴貨ڿָ£СⱻƵ貨ϴһ̫ҽҲϵˡ
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һһ㶵ģ˭ûԶƧķ軨֦վһһŮ
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Գ
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СԼɾĽ£ãȻ޴ϷɫĽ滹Ż



С⿴򴲱ǸС㣬ɫȹ˫ֱġ
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 17 

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 18 

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 19 

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֦ƿԣ̾˿Ӵˡ
ôΪʲôҪô㣿СеϣĲӡ
Ǳûʲô˵֮Ժ󲻹ܷʲôͰҪǰ
СͷƵصʲôʱ뿪ⰡҺ
ǰͷҷ˵չǵʳӡ
ҲŲĻأ˶ֻ˵ġ
Ů̫ô죬ߵȣͦġ
ʵôִ˵Сδ⡣
ȻҲ˴ԣ̶ֻ̽ȡ
СĬһᣬȻˡǻ̧Сˮ۾ʵҲûôֻҪϲǿǺҲǲԡ

 20 

ôϲˣǵɴ۾
СϳɵصҾ֪Ҫô˵ұ˵¶û˵ʲô֪

ҭС߶ҹ۲ˣǮеأҲӺ񲻴ãҽãǴ⡣ڣͲôˡ
ֺֺЦ̲ס۾ᡣС״ûࡣ
ͺ˵ĵһᣬ͵ʱ
Թ֦˵ڽӼ󳼣λȳԣص
˭֪ϲҪһԷСֻ֦ιЩӵŶӣȻů˷
ˣʱտһ±硣ǶԺ֦ӶūţǺӲ֪ᱻ䵽ȥϻۿôˣҪһ˴ǣȻ¼ˡ
֦Ӧ£ҾͽϾɵýҲϲ
Ƿʣ֪˻᲻
֦ʧЦʢĻעһСŮ
룬˼ھͷ¡֦ЦθڱСˡ
̾ӯӯһյСС毣ھͱˣȻ
ڷؽʳθҲСˡ
ٷԵ߶ô£óԷģ
ֲǲ֪¹Ѫ³ʷ
֦һ̲סЦǱµ壬ͻص߿ɣһԹĻ
ǲã˭壿
һֱʱһ̣Ӷȵö˯ˣˮһʥݲ١
⻻°׳ҽ˵ȥ˿ףȻ߰ؿŰ˯ա
СҲڣЩȻ
㲶Ͼϣעӵרע÷·ȫ硣
Сʱӣʱ⽫Ǳ˵ٵ̵Խ䡣
¿Ϣɡ֦Ȱ
̧ʾûƿߡ
˸һۿЦˣ¶С̵ؽ˫Ҫ
˵ӦһС׶ûУ
ͷСҲˣޱؿǡ
⿴ҲûʲôһһǱǰ
֮⣬ϻһꡣιһڣҪιССƿ֣Լԡ
ǰŴ͵ԽԽðС̫Щĸо
ӳԷܹԣԼųԣӲһ׷ι
ǴСζǮ׾ݣÿһѣھʱչǹ¶ĸ
ǴûֹССһֻС۸
Ϊ˽Ƿ˺ôࡣ
Թ˷ܵò˯Ҫ档֦¹ԣѾˣñϢһ°ɡ
ܺã΢Ц֣޷°ɡ
ֻ֦ȥǰŴ͵ε̾˿ҡͷˡ
УѰ߸߾ٹͷ׶͵ʲô
أȴ
Ǻܺõģ֪
ٸ߸ߵʱ򰢱ĵؽһ§Ĳӵ
աѰȻ뵽ʲôͷʣ׶ǰͱϷ𣿡
ͷ絷⡣
һü˭
ЦУ
Ȼһºˣʲô
һװͰ͵ӣһƲҪޡ
ŷӦ޳ǰϽҡҡ׶ԣòã
ɵɵģһ¾ͱתע˫۷Źصͷŵϣ§ԼĲӡ
ǲ̾庢ȷʵһס
ԭ˵ʲô
ڵŰץˡ
ĲӺݣ
ĿҴܣЦÿ֨֨ģɵһյ˵ܰĸо
һԱ̼ﶼô棬˭뵽þ֮˷ΣҪǱ˿ö档
СɵƵĿˣԸ˯˵ҲҪ
һڴӦȻֻһҽСҲ׶ĵס𣿡
֤Ƶ͵ͷľǺõ

 21 

Цˣü䣬ɫͣͰһɵŰǰ˯ˡ
ֲõԤУȻͼ˸Ż£ǡ
˫ˡ
ϽŮ޳أ
Сʱ۸ôҶûޣôԽԽ
С۽ǣ˿գ۾ʣôֿˣ
Ц㣬
ǣǣǣݳһ˿Ц
ˡ
ƣ·˵һصܣ˵Ǿ䡰ˡ
Ҳ⣬üëС죺Ҳˣ̫˯ˡ

һЦ˵ǰ£ﰡСó׶ɲ׼ѧ

Ϊʬǰ˵һһףҪȥ
׶ˣҲˣһĿһȥĴ
˵ţ·õԸǰ
˭һڡ
尢˯ˣ⽫ŵϣĶͷȻͷϵĺʹ
Ͼʮˣϳţ̫áôһڣмܲס
ǿ鰸ǰ£רעؿӣڽǴһƻԵù¼쳣üͷƲڲʱصһ̾
δСʣǸרĽˣ±عס
ʲô˸ţһƳǼֻөڵөɶˣǰɽϾܿ
ӳŰĹ⣬źһֻĵèͥǵĸİƴ
ֹãżʣ۾Ϣ
ŰĹ׵ˣӼ
ǺϴòУȥ˯ˡ
֪᲻Ρ
_
︴գѩòˡЩ乬һϾɵС֨ѽ򿪣С
Сɨɨѩɨĸͷߡ
֮Ӻù˺ܶࡣû˸鷳˻ӼһЩú̿·ͳʳ
ûɨ£͸оڿԼͬʱƳԱߵиӰӡ̧ͷһһСվսǣǽ
֣һ¶˻ȥһᣬ¶ͷͷ鷢ţںڵִཱུͫġ
С޴һ£ɨ߹ȥڿ˿ȻһҲûС
ôģ
еߣС˵ȴ񣺡
һ÷ʮӷףֶնյС¶ָúףһɵɵӣ¶ͬ
С˵ʲôС̾ʣʲô𣿡
˵˿ŭ̫£̫ȻûȴҲͲзϲˣ˹
֮󣬱Ĺ˼Զ֮徲
࡭ˮĴ۾Сֹ
Сһ£ŷӦ˵ʲô
Сѹʱģ֪ʲô˽ģģԼȷʵЩ¡ڵʱ뷨Ϊʲôôȫǲˡ
СŮһգţ˺붯ְĨƽ
ССߴߴҴǰʶ㰥û뵽ҾȻ壡ϲ֣ǰô棬ʾ˾Ҳҡ֪ˣǿ϶Ҿϲ
ССһ˳󣬹飬ʮĽĺӼôֵܽһϷû뵽һ棬ЦۣԾ棺ôͻȻðһô
ﲻֺСȴ֪˵ʲô
ĸ磬ȴ֮
˵ްȴʢңͷϺͮͮɺ΢⡣
Сڹѹ߿ůЩֵ˾ǰ˼ҲδѲ£ҲΨͼˡ
͸ǰССǰҪκķ䱸һľĺӡ
ˣϴƲ˵ûֽСԺü飬벻֣ʱ˱Ҳ֪
Сһ˿ңҵ˵ͷ
ŵ۾û뵽ϻûֵˣһϲ
ϲˣ׸ССݲС棬֡
ıôû֣
СҸһɡ
Сһ
ʲôءšüĿŬڲСԴ˼
Ҫ𣬲Դһ㡣
СȻһ
ҽѧһд֣֡۵Сֲڵһһдš
ⲻôʶֻ֣һʵСʻĵģʶҲδϳ
⡯˵ǡر𡯵˼Ԣܺãôд϶Ǻ֣ԺҾͽɡ
Сʵ̫ϲ֣䡱ǡʢЦ۾ĹĵһСУЩ˼ص˵ͷ
СЦøˣ¶Űװ׵С
Ӧøең֪ڶѧдǡݡ
ˣôסѽСǲɹе㺦¡
СЩ޴룬ͷر̽Ŀ⣬˵
СǸִĺӣĸ첲һʣΪʲôΪʲô
Сӻң飺ϲס⡭
ףֱ֣ôϲסֺڵĵط
һвΪ֪ı
СССвһĪļӿȣһʰʱ˫۷Ź⣬Ź貵ıʯ
ס֣ϣеؿ󣺡磬סòã
ⲻҶСѱһ㡭
ʲô
Сһͷˮߵ־úЦ
֮ϵĿҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬һס乬͵Ҫʲô
ӦСһƨЬϣȸɺһˮ˳£ϣСһ
㡭Ҫ˵ȻĺХ
İɣ
СüͷϵӣԼ͵ܳģ
Сһ㶣ʵʵͷ
ŲԽԽС⻹ԥȻоֽЩ
磬ҪðСŴ۾

ѱܺ͹˷ͻ
Сȥ֣Сצһȡ
ۡ
СƲ죬Բջ£ĭһ鿪
ǣڴһŮ˵䣬ϵĻѩƫִһ˿еЦ⣬Щë
ڹЩ꣬ʲôûһ֪߲ơ
ο֪ǻϲôɤ˵
֪ٲͲŶ翣һڸε·׽Բء
صȥС߶µɿ֣ɫףĵۿ졣

 22 

磬ʲôѽ
̦
Ŷ
Сڿϣͷҡ˹һΧСŽŲֵصȥ
ڽסĵطأ
أô찡
Сɨأ̧ͷһָŴϵö˶ıӻһڣİ¶˳ںĴһùζ
Сȥק档
Сۼֿץס֣۲̫еࡣ
ɣһ֦ҶһƬǽ乬У롣
Сգۿ磬أ
Сһ㶣ԥغ´ٸ㡣
Сɥ´ʲôʱ򰡣

˵ˣͷɨء
С¿ץɨɨذɣҲɨء
С⻹ûӦɨѾߡرɨ㣬ҡҡλεڵȥ
ɨһѸ˺ģѸߣɨëڵúܣӡӣɨ㶼ϺõƳɣ⻬ɣԴ㣬컹һƤ
㿴ҲɨءСӻҳ̧Ц
С񣬼æɨ
㡭ҲҪ𣿡Ǯ˵ƺ
Сͷ˵Ҫѧ
СĬźȻ򿪣Сһæ㵽ǹץˡ
常Сɨ㣬
С͵͵̽ͷһһ̫үүֿ磬ʵ常ʲô
̫࿴СˣҲŵû겻壬ϳСͰ͵ʣ⣬ô⡣
·ϾͿ˺͹Ůҷˣû뵽Ȼ⣡
ѯʵ⣬֪⺢һзִ磬ôչտ
С⵹ƽһٻţ֮常˱裬ʵ滹𣿡
̫Ĺ˵ϺȲ裬ͷϺ͹ﶼˡ
СתͷС߰ɡ
ƫƧС·ߣãСû߹Щ·һÿһֻѻҪغһ
磬ôðСȻʡ
Сһ촽⶯˼£ȴвڡ
С˵̾˿һֱ͸סһ𰡡
С⿴һۣͷʧǵġ
̫Сû˯ĵط
С룬ֻŵ˵ҿԴ̰Ҳġ
Сʵô˯ϣ
СҲɻ󣺡ĸ˯ϡ

С򴽣ǰãã·ԺҪͱ˵Щ
Ϊʲô
ᱻЦġ
Сһ㶣˻ᣬҲ˵ҲûвЦҰ
СЩؿ֪ɵǼɵ
˿ֺ䣬ĵģ¡Сǰһ˴ţ֪£ȷʵ̫ˣûҵŶӣᱻҵָҪٴ
á
и硣СŸĸ첲һ㡣
û˵Ͱһ£СһֱֱԽѩСҲˤ
û°ɣһµȥСͷѩֱϹһȦӡ
û£û¡СЩͷۻ֪ôģץһѩӵСϣȻ󿩿Ц

СЦһᣬǰһҲͲЦˣϢ۲
Сһڻ̲סЦˡѩǷüϸO@£ԽĵüīЦ˸ôЦЦЩɬ
̶̵ƺǵһġ
Լš
С֣е㺦ߵС˵磬Цúÿѽ
һ̾ǳʵ⡣
Сûô޹Щֻ˵ɨǡþˣԼҲôΪ
һĨץ˰ѩѸײڶضϡ
ѽС⧲Ӿôѩ
ûһᣬСģϺͮͮĳ˺ЦȴԽңϵϼ
ĻˣûѩҲûͬô档
߰ɡС·ǣ֡
ҲûˣͯӦе
Ҳǰӣ
ΪҪȥˣصϲĵط
ҪһֻػٻӣҲ谭
סҸ˵𣿡
Сͷ죬ֹһ£ʣ´ζʱ
СҲԾ̿˫ִӡ
֪ôشֻõú飬ȰֶдͿˡ
СʧɫԶҲˣ

ɫСöӶþʳ֣һƬƽūǾ⿪С˶ȥˡûϨʮů
Сǰҿûʲôʳˣֻʣһֻӡ
СøԱߵĹȻˡ
ԭոһûע⣬СŽѧȥҹǣС˹أ۵Сһ±̵
Сһ£ȻŷӦޡ
С󾪣æӵһѩϡСǿޣô岻á
С⿴ϱ̺һ飬ͲѹΨһǸóȻѹȫƷݺ˼ţȻСˣ㿴ҰǴһٸ
СϹ飬ƲС쿴ЩڵصĹӣֿСİӡ
ѰСû˵ȻߡŲˣҪϽȥǣù˿ڡ
СŰӿУƤǰѰ˺룬ͽƤֶˡ
СѰƤģһض˷ʳ
СסˣͷѰƤæץĸ첲󺰣ϵĶܳԵģ
СôżӣȻЦˣЦеɬ
ͷûϵұԿԳԣǧܳŶ
С죬᲻øԵϵĶ
ȻʲôСͰͣȻ
ůССķ˼Űװֵӡ
ɣԵģǿɺóˣ㡭Ͼʹô࣬´ٴ㡭СЦеģ¶Сѡ
С߬ǣе֡
´ٴڴ´
СԼʹ乬У˶ΪһĻεŵĹ
ûһе
÷ǰССһ˽ȥҹСظӻ֣Ȼȥˡ
Сڰ̫๬ŮǴӵڵŷ
-

Ǳ˽ѣô˸¡
ԣڲ
ۣƻӰӰ´£һȺŮ̫ŵΧ
Ϊ׵ۣһ½Ĺˣɫض

 23 

ִ˸ѹ
Ҷҷˣôܵˡĸ˵
˰죬÷˵ڹǡ

ƳȺ֮ǽǴиӰӡ
Сվǣæʹɫ
ʲôƬӿ֡
죬乬ǰɨкЩʱڸģļ䣬ַͨʽ»ˡ
ǵһӦǣ־ȻȡģһɶҲû
̵ģ֪͸ýޣҲûбˣ
뵽ˮǷᣬôôûϢ
Ժкȥ⡣
Ȼܻ䵽ЩôԭԼӦҲǵ°ɣ
ҡͷʹ룬ϧеģˡ
ǣôôǰһûаֻץסС֡
ǻ㱵ؿ
ĸ
ȻƼʱѾˣǶʱ˺¼ǵˣҲû
ĸףӡ
ǽʷҰʷˣɽ󵽴ҲֻռһֻƬ
Ůϡ֮Ī裬飬δҲ
û뵽ͨķʽٴμĸףһЩܲĻ䡣
˵ӻʹʱԽȳġ
ûУǡ
ȥ⣬һʼĬʵýˣ䶪һ䣬Ǹ
˵ĸʱɱĮȻǾÿɲҲǵһξɲˡ
ۿ̱ѶЩزۣݼġ
ΪȹҲǸ֮һ
ûкⱾ䡣ΪһӡûеˣȥһֱΪˣƺ̫ˡ
Ƕ֪˴̡
ǻûȻһʹŹ⣬޵һƬ׵ĺڡֻ֣߬Ľ𻤼׸Ű
һ֮ǰ̳ˮݣ˿̶ˣˬ۵ץӸΣԼһ¡
ôô֪֪Ҳ㶼켱ˣȻǴ
ǰĸ˺ǾСģĸŮÿҲֻϲż档Сĸϴ󣬽Ͽ˺ݾβۣæתƻҵ˾ͺãū澴ȥɡ
俴һۣڿһ㣬ŵõͷҲҶ໰
ǴСģļ֪ĸԼûʷ˵á
һֱסڹУС·ûŮƵġżСദҲǷǴ
ûʱϸЩ͵ܳҪǲܸһֻͣ»ȥҪ
ǰżСĻ˵Ů˵½һã飬ĸû뵽ȴ·ˣùҵҡһֱæĸҲ̫ãĺܵġҪҺòã
û뵽ô˵һʱס
Ҳһ㶣漴ЦСС;֪Т˳иҲ׷׵ͷ͡
ϳ鴤˼£Цɵӣ㻹СԺɵ£㳤Т˳Ҳ١
߹СĶͷǵüЩȣȾͽƵ貨̫ҽɡ
Ͼܳã˵һͣȴ˿˵һϡΥ棬ҲûɲӦ
˵ǣҼͿˡЦŽϣ콫Ǳߡ
ͷڽϼϣչʱȻֿС⡣
ڵССİŵڣͷ峺ڵͬѩҹǿա
С⿴ߣԼСظĸֹǲǲϲң
϶ãЦôᣬǿôƯɰ˭ϲ
СǰĹ۲죬дŮ̫ĴţǸƫִӵˣϲŭ޳δǰһһķ⣬Ҳǲò˫ȫӪһгľ棬νӮҡ
ǣ˵ȡǰ÷δޣӲɢˡ
˭Ҳ֪汻Сþ
Сһ˿Īɬͳζֱĵףġһ׽ȥζЩ̲࣬סһŽһŵسꡣ
ϲʳֻʵʳΪֱܵ
ǡ
ȴ᲻óԣԺûٳԵˡʣµСջȥŽټҪʲô
ʲôûУеֻһյ壬˷ľ
֣ſͷĺڰΪ֪Լܻܲ
ȴȻһǳĻϲ

 24 

Ǳ貨ϴ裬ȹҩѾòУڴߣ˵Ϳҩ
һߣЦһֱûãǵǱĸҪġ
д̣ȴҲֻǲͷװ˯
һƴ޻ζɲܣϹҲסǰͷרעļˣõһ
Ķк̸ܶ࣬ϡáֵģȴָ
ƾʲôǰǸͼƶŮĿʶɫ˾ҡ˷ˡҪֽԣҪɫ
Цһžݵֻĺ꣬ðľ⣬Ҫ⸱̬Ƥɡ
ҵŮΪ˻ʼ棬ò΢ڹﲻòװźһֻ㻹װŲ𣿡
벻ͨԼСӾǣסģû뵽˾ûġҪȰ⣬Сˡ
Ҳڹʲôװġ̾ȴִʲôϾӻ˯ţֻǰͷ˵ˣôˣڹס¡
ȴưոݣһչȻڴҿɲЩû˽̡Լñ˵ĺӣǿЦ
һ٣乬Ǹк䣬סĸԣʵе¡
㵱ĬˣЦһȻȥ
ֹã϶ɴʦа
֮Сһֱԭٶ۵ӣСʲôа۱ƽ𵤵ʦ
Ҳ˸Ӽɻ⣬ֹСȥ
㶵ģѬǣȼյζܴ̱ǣΧʹӶŵؾĿڿ
ʦͷΧȥһϻͲʡ
ǲ̫Ѱʵʵ缦˵ʵе顣
Ĺȥʵ𣿿ԸıԸı䣬Ӱ쵽ڣ
ʵģڵʱ䣬ԭԼ屻һռݹ
ʵεȥɺϣû˯ȥһкܶܵȥ̽
毵йأ
ǲΣԴУһص޵ֻء
ڱϾ̫Сˣʲô˵ʲôᱻа
ûüϸ˽¡
Ҫı䣬ôӳ顣
壬̫Ͼ
һĽʦͷĪصаؾš

ڶ칫Ҳûнȥ˼˵ΪŮԸ¹Ϊ
ǻûüˣͱ֪һ
ڿˡһ磬Цеظӡ
ɶϿΣֶ˵̫ңԶˣ˱֧Ŀ־塣
֮ǰ۰ھҪԼˡ
ǿžССԼ˫۲ǣЦƣμС͸죬֬ۻÿ
ԭСʱ򳤵ûͦɰģôԽԽأ
֣ҵô֪İʡ
һ㶣ĬĬȰЦԭԸ¼ޣһģ˿ˡ
ǳɫ粻
ǣţԵȺͷůչ͸ϣһĹӰʵ̫ᣬʹŴѣĿĹ⻪ҲǱƽͲ԰׵üĿѹˡ
ɫȴǱк͵øЩݸһЦǱӡﻹҪԷɫɲͰ
̵س緹ҽ첻Ͽˣ߰ɣҪȥ硣
Ͼ֪ڣƱ޷Ų顣
ʲô⣬乬Ǹ񡭡
Ͽ۹Цźаûءʲô磬ˣ
ɲУԸҲҪȥϿΰ
磿һǵһǺӵ֡
Ҳǵһô⣬̲סһۣ˵ˡ
ûϣ΢ЦѾˣýһˣȥòã
ǵͷһᣬȻʣ㣬֪֪ҵôΪ޵ģ
һ㶣˽һۡҲ޴룬Цū澷ŲǸ˵𣿡
ÿ˽ǶȲͬô˵ͷ
˶٣빬٣ֻ˵ȲԸˡ
Ƕˣǡ
Ҳϲĸ𣿡Ƿä㡣
Ȼڼžһ˲
ʲôϲء̾ΪС£ֱ¶¡
ü
ͷִ΢Цϵףһõܶϲġ

 25 

ͨ鷿Ⱥ򣬴һɫ£źͰ
ǿĵһλʦ֮ǰǸظͷúܣ֮Ůֱˮݡ
ǿίԻһͨ˼ұƵòţֻܴǹٻؼСˡ
ݵĶʱ£һٷˡ
֮ԵΪ¸صĹӼΣͨʱʮͣΪº񣬶Խһ¾ľְ
Ȼǰ֮ԿȴҲûʲôøС
һڿεʱԼҲѵʵʵΣɵóͨϣల¡
û뵽ǣѧȥݻṫ߹ʱȻ°ڡ
㲻˵Ҳðɣͷ۾״εع棺ҽѾŬˣҲܺáϴǸ˴ңֶˣղ˱ʡ˵ֺ֡
౿׾˰Լͨ졣Ȼһִֻë׵ͷǱ衣
ܺáͨЦС
СЦˣ۾˵ͨ󲻳ôɰС޻εԡ
Ǳ˱ȣȻ󱻱ȥԶˡ
ͨǽţҲػ
ֵ׳ͨЩ̾
ĳ֮ɢٻȨľͨѧ峵̸ֻֽḯʺ˳ᢣ伣
һֱһͳ£ǲּ
ʱѰ׷Բԣ糾ʧ
ۣͨʮǾʦѵ֮
ҲǶͨˣȴ̰ԭ
뵽⣬ǶС
ʶұ𣿡
ͨһ㶣֪乬иӣȴûҡҡͷ
һϲߣҴȥҸ磬ɴˣû̡
ȥⱳɣˣ
ͨȴǵ򶯣ԽԽ⺢Ӵϲ㲻˵ԥȥˡ
ŵʱƳһǱۣƺҵıǡ
ֵĸо
乬һ壬أʱ·ڴ͡
ԶԶͿһźɫֲѵСżϣˣһվ
ͻȻðһͷڵ𣿵˶ã
ߵǰ̲סֱˣڵ𣿡
Ʈɢӡڲ̦ʯϣĹЩů⡣
С޴һ£æֵǣֻϢֻ䶼
ձһֱţ׼ˡ˼첻Щʧ䡣
Ǽ£ȻţڴͻȻ֡
ȻˡС⻹ЩκģͻľϲС
ЩһɵķӦΪϴΣųŶԡ
ѵǼСʱ򵥴ɰԼϲˣ
ǣܺӻء

 26 

СŴƺ˵ʲôȴһֱ˿ڣûע⣬ͨʶһ¡
áС˵ǽǹӼƣȻ𾴡
ͨ⺢߶ͦñֱò仹ۣüȴ·ˡ
ԼҲ䣬֪еǣһǣеǱԨһսأĺĪ֮
ʹǰڱūͨȻ
Сܳʵʶˣ
СⰴĽţЩȣʶü
̫̹һ㣬·ҲϸŸԷңȥ̫ҽԺץҩʱ򶼲ŹֵĻᡣ
ͨͷǵ翤֣Ҳ¹֪¡
ǱˣµͷӦ£ãͷָ㡣
Сŵ۾
һһ޷߰ס̬ӵ̫ࡣ̫࿴һ۾Ȼæӭݡ
ǽֻʪḯĿһֻ룬滹䡣谵ǽש켫ð̦
ôǻʹһ֣ȴڷʱľҪª
ô꣬ס
תͷƳСִٵװûȻҪ鱾ֽʡ
©ůëַˣĸĵضԺѧһ֣ͽһ֡
С˸˵ͷ
ǱϾ̹Щ顣ȡһƪ׶£СһȻ͸ٽÿ̸̶ֽ䡣
صȥС⣬ģԼСʱԵõĸо
ȻܿǾ͵ⲻˣȫϣǶдѧúܿ죬һͨд֣дñãϡɼȫһСдġ
Ǽֱɵˣܵǰδеѹ
ûѧ𣿣
Сͣ٣Щηʣôˣңﲻ𣿡
ں˵ǳҪҧ̫ˡ
һ㶣ͷһ䣺òͶô࣬Ҵˡ
ˣǲԼֲֻ꣬ͨôŹ֡
ȵȣ
ǲ˼ص
ûɣã
ܿ𾪻ΪģװװҪãֻܶ£
ͨСˣЦеؿӵĻ
áСԴƵĴŤ
Сһ£ֻ̿Īϴβǲû
Сͷָ֮ǰĳƺ
ǻǲ⣺Ҳҿ
ãȻؿ֧䡣
ǿհ죬̾˿ͺǰɡ
С۾һ£Щ벻˼顣ã̽ؿڣǡ
ԾŤͷҲӦ
ֽУǡ
Сèһеŭػͷ׼ǽС
СһŶһͷȴġ
ɫ̫ϵƣڵѽѧŵСݵһܰǺģο۽ǡ
̫࿴߹ůϧ⺢ӣ㾡šĴ̫඼ŮڽӴûԸ乬ֻ̫࣬⺢壬ٿҲûԹ˵Ҫء
Ҳ֪һֱԸĺֻ֪Ϸ֦ڵѧд֣һһϸҪԼ
ͨ˴ѧѵõܳԿࡣϲȱˣȱڷܵˣ׽߳ӹ߼ò֮Ժȴ֮١ͨԽأ¶Ҫúࡣ
ͬʱɡѭѭգӳϡ
䲻еѧʶ
ǵ⣬С⻹Щᣬǡ컹𣿡
ſ֪Լʲôȴ̲סڴ
Ŀǰ̶̵δйĿ
ͨСЦŵͷģÿ춼ġ                        
лҪ˵ǣûЦ˭˵ģҡ

 27 

С·еڴʵ֣еܵõƵĻӦ
ʱƶָ֪оǳ֮Ϊ㡱
ˡһ£ӻͳһľͷݸ
ǽȥ˺һᣬűϳǸľС̵ͯÿĿİĿȫǡ
ĿԽ񣬹ȻǶЩˡ
УֹܺãЩСʲôģƱĻϸ塣ʱ٩첻ʵˣȥľ
ԭһʼͻЩֻΪһġΪЩͨͨȴûʶ
һ⡣
Сϲ
С̧ͷ˵ǰδеĽšʧģȻҲˡ
Ǽ촽֪ڻš
ϲ⣬ݼڣȻҲϲ͵Ķѹףϡ䱦ڻڳɵĽҡ
˺ǰӡ
һЦľŴŴлл磬Һϲ
С⿴˿С˱ϢԹɫȻֻܿòӦ
Цÿ˸͸Ƶǹ⡣
ԺҪСģ˵ˡǵ
һ㶣û뵽ע⵽֣æֲص󣬡ûϵҴӦҪ㱦
ʲôû㱦
˵;ˡ
⻰ԭ԰˵ģʱ밢ƵС⣬鲻Խ˵˳
ĪһĻҡ
⣬úͰô
СҲ֮⣬վԭء
˵ʲô
ǾĻ·ԴСҲġ
ͻůۿ
һŬԽԽá֤
һʲôСû壬ʣ˵ʲô
ͼСüһ㲻׼Գ硣
ˡ
Сⲻ˼ǵͷ¡
ҡҡͷʯס
뿪ʱǶԺſڵ̫̫֡ߣԺôˣڳ壬Ҫ飬ҪúóԷ˯ȱʲôĸ۵۸ˣֻܸ߹˵
̫಻ȫһԵͨҲؿ⸱صӣĪǿаˣ
ԣģôܽа
̫Цлػ𣺡СҲ˺ЩԴöȹ
毣Ƥһ˼ؽг
ʱһδ⽫Ҫȵպ뻪򸾲ңΪƺ׿۲ŷҡ
̫û쳣ϾԼҲЩСôͻȻ
뵽С;ֹׯ̸ԺȻͬ졣
ȴ顣ȻʵӾٹƽ֮ңսպա⻼̣òΪ̫ӡ
ע⵽乬ӣ׷ġӦʱʶġ
ôᡭѵ
Ŀ̫࿴ʲôˣС㡣
һͣתȥһŵСṲ̊ѩʹ겻ʹףǻһ¾ϳ
ƴĹüĿ㣬仹δȻǸӡüβ̧¶һ˵ǡ
ߵǰͷ
ѹơ
¶ԺҪ߲˶
ãôڴ˴ʵˮа
þܣ˼Ƥ
ԼڳɵлָһأԱտڲԣһҲû˵ҲûһۣͺϹһ
Ҳûж໰䵭뿪ˡ
ȻҲûֻһʥּɵȦһгԴöר
Ҳûʲôãƽʱſڣָūɹҩġ
ʱգγεůģһֻصɽĴ
С̫̫ҽԺһҩĺ͵¯˴ʣʥϽΣɻڼǹ
С̫಻мЦÿ·ûн˼⼸նǰݣء
û˵ͱɵūź˳ȥ
ʲôǼǵ©С˵־
ޣҲƣʲôҪⳤɵѾ乬һˡ

Ժ˴ͷɥУ֦ߵߣļ磺Щ뻰²ˣԹôҲûֻǡ
Ҳйһ˿ȷǻҲóıȡһˣҪôӲĶⳤģοΪӣܹӣ
ʲôҲû˵ֻص
һΣѡӱܡ
ԽĶԽҪĹ衢ΪӪܵ
ΨĲɡ
ѾĻܷʲôϡġ
һΣҲȥ
ţôܡ
СĶ죬һᣬСǣôû߰
ǹײҲŲסһºŭ𣿡
Сһ㶣ûôôŻúõġæ֣Ҳǡ
û毵Ҹ磬أ
ʱһ֧İķΣѰЦš
̫༰ʱػūȥҡ
Сü룬ȷ˵СõһֱǷûзΰ
Цһ㵹ǹ۲΢
С죬о˵ʲôǴҲ˵ˡ
ǣҼǴˡڨЦ
ƺ˵ЩʲôȣֱӴϣȻû¾ͿȥɣžҪˣ˵ȲҪŶ
毶˶٣ǿάòЦһ𣿡
ʹҼңöԡ⣬ɨһۣûֵܽá
ζؿһۣϥ¡
СԱ߾һᣬǣи簡
վⰡ
ǵڣСͷһҲ˵ˡ
Īر毣ֻλعȥ˱仯һǧ˿Ƶϵ
ʶˣ
еˡ
üһã
С룬ֲõԤУǳʵصͷ

Се̣ҪѯʣͼͷҲãҴ꣬ҲҶ࣬Ժ㣬Ҳˡ
תҪߡ
С۾ǰ˼ȴСʣΪʲô
ģ۸
㲻ΪֻҶòϲ𣿡תѿڵСɫףŷӦԼЩڲˡ
Ȼʵôöһ˵ֻʮˣǸĸףȻɵһСֱŤ
ˣ˿˱磬Ҷã͸ɡ
ҲãͲõԺٲˡţҲ䡭
ǹȷ
ţתҪˡ
ġͰ͵˵Щ
ͣסǵżȥ
Լǧ飬ƫͷҲܣͲܸ棬Ͳܸ档
һ˵һԼǴС赽󣬲
ѹ۸ĸоð
üѼҵĸо
СҧΪʲôҪѡ
ңҲ档˵
תɲұİ
в£Ҳ˵ּĻ
šСͷֿСɫ㲻˰ɣ
ǷЦֻ۾ˣ
²Ƿˡ

 28 

Ҳ׼Ҳ׼档˫ֱء
ұû档С̵
ΪʲôǷĵɻ
Сⲻ˵ˣһμǸҹΡ
ճ̫һһȳһջ乬·ϣ
֪ΪʲôܹԼͺԭʶһ
ֻǡпڸǵľӲ۾
ʱˮû˻᲻⡣ǿαװź黳ؽӽʮַ
Ҳٱʣ泩ҡСǱ뿪ˡ
һţ͵͵ǽǵˣ̫ͨ࿴һĸЦ
ڶ죬ڹ̾Ҳ˵ǰĻġԸŮ׼ָ౻컹ЩԵģȻɺͨȥ乬Сд֡
СνͻͽһҹĹ򣬾ͽµ鱳˸߰˰ˣܸͷͷǵ
Ѿˣ˷һʱ䡣Ҫ׷ҪԽˡ
֮֮ȻʱزȥҲ˷ʱ䣬ܿ˹ȥﵽɶС
ձҵļ䣬ѳֻ꣬ʣôǳԶӰӡϡǵã·׼³˼ϸʦδ
үȼй˳ƿ˾б۱׼ܿա
ҺһЩ൨ĵľɲݻʳǵʱðؾЩȥͶ˽ϣʼ˳ĸ
ӦȾϸڱϾ꣬һСЩʲôҪи֡
⣿У˱ͺˣδ찡
ǺͷҲţſѾڴ֯ӡÿʵãڷصʱھɩѧ֯Ҳѡ
˻ᣬરܹȥ£Ҳ˼ʼ
Ѿһ㶣ЦôСͿʼѧˣ֪ԺļҹȢޥĵĿ
ߡ
Ѿ߼ѡɫӣʵҪ͸Т˳
ǲʱ֯Ѿֱɡ
˷磬ͿԷˣҲкһءǴСͽÿҩŲϣëֲˡ
ֻû뵽ҲôܡǲûҩԺͷ˯ֻ˯ȥ
ůģԺ
˯𣿡
Сѹ͵ǻ㱼Լǰĸо
ʱһŬۡ
Ǹʱûüһۡ
һɫСӰ
ˡϼ۾гһ죬Щܡ
ϾǴСųģƽʱȻޱЩʵɰɵʱҲۡʱСèһС԰ף˭˲
ǿͨСվڴǰСϱǾޱ֦١
ǣЦü䣬Сڽ۵ĻԵȡ
˵㲡ˣ㣬ڻ𣿡СĵʡӣҲܲܡ
ҡҡͷ
ϸһᣬϧգȻ˾ٻеǾޱ֮ǰֵģ͸㡣ôůͣܿͻῪġ
СԵѣ֪ôıˣ֪ζһ˺ãֻøðһõĶ͸
˶٣ЩСǶʵڲôϲе㲻˼زƯˣͺһÿ
⹷˴Сô˵
Ƴһ۱㴹ͷƵҲжҪ㡣
Сһ㶣ྪϲڴʲô
ͷ°ó
Сæ»˫·˲䣬Ȼ֣꣬ص÷·ʲô䱦һ
Ȼ϶СЩƫʱҲ̲סͨһĸЦﶼǴȰ
С˰ϵϣҲ«ưΧ䣬ȴ֪ôϵ
Щ߾æ
лл֡µصл
ûû¡Цţֻ⸱С̫ʵڿϸ⺢ģ˵Ŀ˹ģԺȻһ˲ţӴϲ
ͿɲŮò÷衣
СϵӣǰתתЦÿллǡ
ǲ뿴һõЦݣƵذͷ
Сƴ⼸Ҳѧ϶ԶԶˡ
һ㶣û뵽æûϵҿԽ㰡
˭Ҫ̣࣬ܽ˽ʮ껹𣬰̳˸һˡ
˵ڶ죬Ҳڼˡ
γݣֱͦͦģûжı飬ǹŰ塣һѳ޵úܸɾģȴϸܲǱüɱ֮Ұġ
վǰ꺮ů˼䣬йһ㡣ԱƧӲ䵭Ҳû׽뷨
ɻҪ׽ġ
Ħűһӣòֵãûóֻʵף˵ĸԭˣһ׾ϲˣǲѽ
Цž°ڣزһͣüӹһ˿ת˲ŵ
䵭ش
Ҿ֪׳ôÿĸŮӲϲЦѭżԼòףÿ춼æʲôǺ㡣
˵⻰ʱͬʱ䡣
Сһ棬Ӱ쵽ٵҹ˺ܶ໭дֽ֣ѧ衭õǿԼԼʼյȲ
ʹȵˣҲںʲôֻҪȥʱܵõһ˿ľˡ
СС磬޷ĸĸߡͯ꣬һ߲Թ

Сʱ򣬶ô
Ǿ㳤ˣƺҲϡ
ɽʱҲһһعʹūͻƣҲûһ˿֮СɽȻһ
˵ΪæشҲķܡ
Ǿһ˹ܣ𣿡
кܶ岮æģϴβǴ𣿡
üԺ˼Լм˵ӡ󣬿ɹƾģӡҲĥʲô
ˣôҰ
ûٻشǲСǲ塣
ϣȻһȺ
˸װӣվڷɫĹ뷿Եûӵ
Щ棬мϸ
ǵĿɨÿһˣһĸЩӡ
һӦһɱǣ;ɽһֱλÿ궼һݼ
Ǹգһܿġ
˵˽ĳ壬ǹһĻšһ£ݳкͰЦеĺܺ˹ʮ㣬ֵȣȺ
СʱܹżɽʱҲƭĺأǶİˡҸʱˣţĶ࣬˵۹Ⲣ
ԽǿµˣԽɲ⡣
һȷϹҪѱˡ
ĳ忴Сƽ˵ĿһȻһǵ߾ƿˣض壬̫ˣҲûңܾܲһЩǿ尡
ͷںڵ۾⣬ֻ¶С˶
һֱӾ⣬٣ϴС˻ǸʮϲССƯɰС
ϲ֮࿴ͻȻЩ⣬ǵͷˡ
ĳĿ΢˵ЦƵĵĳţ֪űûȤ
ʲôЦôСֶϲȫűҲûͼ̹ʵѧᰡ
ȻǸڡ
תת۾صͷЦð
Щ˺ף棬һѧ 
üͷʵϲ
ȻٹעŮȴҲ֪εӰֻϲ飬Լ̫ƲɵɵģôҪͱһ
ϲֻϲƶɡ
ܴĿڷܺѧңһѧøáǺһͨƵǻʾ˾Ψһĺء
ͯ޼ɣȴġ˼һᣬ¶˵Ц⣬ͷȻϲ˽ǡ
ȤǺδ                        
лҪ˵ղءǧˣ飩
ʮɽĽΪԼҵˡ
׵尲ȴ˵㲻ûڡ
Ȼһͱ
Ľ֪ԼˣһŮ
ŮҪĽ͵
Ů˵飬ĽʬҰʽ
ĽӲһִеĶŮ䣬Ů츸ĸĽ㡣
Խǰ˶ԾĽĿ
̫ӣӹ֬׷ۣ¿ϡ
ԭǸõĹߡ
ԭŮĳ
Խ
̫ӣ׷Уcue
ԭҰȣ
ԭŮ˵ʲôʲô
Ľ˼ֻŰǡ
ˬģȫԱŰŰ̲

 29 

ڶ, ˡСʱϢ񳤴ҹߵһҪúñ֡
ڱ㻽źϴ¡
絽𣿡ǲӦú硣
һ⣬Ů¶ϲı顣
ûˣһˣϲƫ￴ء
һ, ӵŵƫ, ȻСǣűͷ
һЦеشкǡ
ǹȥ, ǴһǲĴֲ£üҲ˸˺ܶ, ô, ϲ𣿡
ãС򴽾°, ͵ƽʱҪɻЩ·Ų㣬ŪŪࡣ
˵, ֲҵĶҶϲ, ᲻ó
üëø˭ɻ㲻׼ɻֻܺúö飬¾ͺˡ˵С߶߶ôۻ᳤ߵġ
Сⶨۿʪ
ǱСĸ񿴵÷ë, Էθ˵ллǣ常û˶ôù
ŵֱ֣˵ڡ
СЦ۾гֵһ᳤úܸߺܸ߱ǵġ
˰ɣ۸ͺˡ
ո˵常ʵǸ̫үү𣿡
С˵ͷ
㣬գʵ֪ɽλһصģֻ֪ԭ̫ࡣ
ûйĹ£ҲΪβա
šСɼᶨصͷԺҪ̷常ϣڽӴ
ڽӴ
ϲˣлĹ͡
е㲻Ȼؿ˿ȣ㲻𣿡
͹տһĪ˶Դ
С޶Եҡͷԥ
ӣҲϡҵ常öˡ
ƽûһ˿߿ȴһ޼᲻ݵ
Сֹ˹ǣЦ˵˭Լѡһøס
˵ͺˣαҪǰ˵أϾǶǧĻʾˡ
ӦҲɣ궼ᶮִ˵ľġ
ǿû˵ǰ̫֮ȴ˹գվһ̫࣬ȫΪǵĻ֮΢ʱ֮ŵ
ûһ֪أ֪Ҳš
ŮǰŶСʳŻ
СȻ̣ԶԶһƳ⻹ǵһԼΪϱԴԴϵذĿţȵ۾
Ǯ˵Ȼ
ǼǰҲ꣬ʣô磬ҵˣôûԷ
СӦ˵һ𰡡
ϰһ˳ԷҲһˡȻڣһҪ
ѹɫЩסǲ֪˵ʲôֻèץһ¡
򴽣һɣϲĸ´
С˵صͷʵϲʲô
ǲͣ˵ϲ
СЦˣԵô㣬֪Ϊʲôͺܿġ
͵ԵǵĺӣҾط֣ÿζһθ
Թ緹ҪСȥѣȴŲµӣ˫ȴСŴÿһܼѡ
ΪһҽƳԣקס°ڰصϡ
ôˣСһ
ôˡ
ûô
˵ӡ
Сһҭ֧֧Ҿ˼
ü˼
䳡Ȧ
룬ʣǼ䳡󣿡
С⿴һۣӵعһȦɡ
˿˲ըëҵܵģ
ûУæͣûҪʲôԼ
ƽʱ乬Ҳÿ壬ֻһֱ࣬Ȼ޶ãСܸо˽Ų
Ȧʵڲˣû˿ͣЪ˼
Сͣһ˲;ɿ죬ǧ
֪ͣһͣҲܲˣҧȥ
ҲҡСͷ½ǡ
뾾䣬ϧ̫˾ֻզ죬̫粢磬զˮ졣
Сһ㶣һֻȻеЦ
Ѻϵġ
ҪؿʯҲȥ֪֪壬žˡ
СĴģٿһ𶣶ȫ޷ǵŭ
Сͷ䡣
αܶø
һҲ
ܸ
ǲһģ֪
Ϊá
ؿڣòУ˵еڿʡ
СڵذѶƣ˰ÿαѵֹɵӡ
ͻȻ۾ġ
ˣ˰ɡ
ɣƤôӦòô
Ǻ˶̧ȵѧĦһ£ܿͲˡ
˵ССϴģġ
СģԼȣĺöˣллǡ
Ǽཱུģ̲ס
Ǳȵһμʱˣܺúܺã֡
Сһ£ĨĨණ𣿡
ûУֻħצȥߣèƵģеֲڣԺעⱣ
СģûʲôСⲻҶԵޣ⣬۴˸Ƿֹּ࣬ȥҲ
ǲˣŤͷ֣ܿ׵ֻ׼㣬㲻׼ҡ
ŶС̷֣룬Ժһ㣬͸ˣҲͻϲˡ
ʱĳȻԼΪ֪˯ִ󲡳Ĳ硣
ΪСֻ˵˵Ͼĺӣǰִɵɵģ˵ܵ档
û뵽Ǹƫº˿ڲ裬ͼСһɺĶ̴̤ŽŲˡ
СͷţԺ沽һһģɷǳϹ˸տտȦ׺һʯĶ飬ϼǳɫΡ
ɫ۽գȴ˵侲㣬ⴺбһˬĶˡ
컹ţվѪˡ
߻һ۵СӣǽͯŮ
еģǽСһ¡Ȼ˿װ⼫ˣ˵Ժ󲻴˾ͱҡ
λõˡ
˲Żعĳǳ΢ЦͷԴɵЦš
ﱾɱ֮ˣΨɷŵСӲЦⲻ֪֡
ѧʲôĳʵ
գۣʦѧģλǡ
룬ǰʱ俤գ˿һƥСڻûɣ
һѧ̼
ƲͷСƺЩ⶯
ڳɵһĻ
׶ˣҲˣһһȥĴ
ڶ
˷Ϻжв㣬²ʺĳ巴ԡ
ҲȴСֵ޷Ҳͦõġ
ǲ˴ǣ˼ƥâɣڡһƬذ׾š
Сҡͷβëɫˮʱӣǡ
𣿡С⡣
΢΢򴽣ҡͷ
ƥСҲû
ʵ⻰Ǽٵġǻ֮Ϊ˻Ͷ˹ϵ˺ܶʱ֣бһ
֣ý񿥣ֻܹƥԭмһˣ˼ء
˸ѼϼܣǸϽ˿ȸɶ
ʾһ飬ȻСëѱƵǰߡ
С߬ߣССɫأ
СŮǻȮŮ졣
ǇNɪѭżеӣǺһݡ
ʮᣬɲ֪Сʲô̼Ȼҩһ˻һǰǲ㱻ûӦͿʼ񱼡
Ҵ磡ˣ͵ӣ
һ±ƵرͻıŵôԿհסιǰһƬҵļ
ֻ֪Բܱ˦˫ԽսԽס
ǣС⾪Ŵ󺰣׷ȥҲŵĿڿԭϵĳȳ˹ȥ
ҲܵţСܵò죬ҲСĳʹǺܿƷǱۼֿᵽԼϣѾȫ̱ࡣ
û˵ģﱧһʲôʧԼôү
ع紵ͨСһ壬৵
ǣǣ
˽ػʵһһǰжϤ
СŽͷе뿴ô߻Ƶ̫ˡ
֪ʱҲմˮգ֪Ǻᡣ
Ƕһᣬƿ§СĲӼޡ
ĵʱֲֻѭżСʱ̫లοʱıǲ£ûˡ
Լγŵ˫ַһ亹вͣ뷽ĻԺ¡
ôСôһˤ
Ψһһ϶ЦĶõŮûˡ
ֻ룬Ҳòܡ
Ǹƽһ㣬;ԼϵԽԽյ÷ۡ͵ƿֱᡣ
ܾˣȥϢһ£ٽ̫ҽĳ
ǻҪŮתŵһϢԡ
Ȧϵ鴮бˣѩһ顣
ȥҼҽҪΪͻȻ񡣡ҧгݣӳѩɫޱȡ
ڳô󣬻ˤ
˶Щӡ
˭׼Сֳ֣
ʹֻȥҽû߼СָԴԭ㱼ӡ·Ҳܶ
ˡǵͷͣ׼
ôڵ޿סˡ                        
лҪ˵һԤգԭܾ
ɽСˣĳͻȻֺܶУȿַֺҪ˫
֪ԼһԽһµһξͱŮ˵ԭ
ŮǰԵû뵽ԭѡ
İ
Ǵ޵֣޵̫įϲĴεԹ
ĳ죬˵һֱԼĵһޡϹޡˣܣȥΧŸͨͨŮ
סˣҿ
Ů˵ʲôȺܻȤ
ڸŮxɹ
ʵŮʶģΪԹϲȥʶŮ
Ůİ
֪Լƽӹϲûϵû˭ȣҲûΪʲô
ֻ밲ȹԼ
һԸʵ
ͻȻиŮռӣƤЦŭһϦӮ˵Ļ
Ƕϲüø
ƾʲô
΢ķˣķʽԼ
ģһͷø

 30 

Ƕϸ, ʵڿʲôߡ
ԼģֵĻֻдǵ·ϡ
ôҲмϸ
ʲôء
˵ڲҪˣ
ͷʵĪǻ˶ֽţ
̧ͷźۼƳĳ壬Ǵ, Ҳ̽ش
Ǽװͯɵ˵ѵû, 񱾿ôϻۿɰܳˣе񼵶ʼӺ
ˣ
СҲǰȥºһ顣ƺϤЩֶ, ͷҪλȻ˳ӡѩ, רע, Źκ˿
Ǹմѩֶͨ, æͣøСȴҡͷǸ, ûϵ, һͺá
˿СôģֺֽЦ
̽һ·Сüҡҡͷ
ǳһԲͳڻѩɾ
˵ķԸ
ûҪĽ, յǺ죬ԼңҪһ˾˵תߡ
ǡСȥȴߵߣֻںţĬĬһȺʹӡ
Բ𡭡
֪˶ã֣
Сͷüһࡣ
ң㵹ùˣԺһɡѹҪ
Ȼÿ춼Ϊܵ˺ԭԼġ
С⻹û꣬ͱһƴѡ
ͷĿ
ʲôأֵص׼˵ֻ
ǡ
˵ȭͷΪʵһֻҽеСè
ˣС⻹ǹԹԱ죬ֻһ˫ʪ۾
˫Сһ۴γǿµĺ棬ſã΢⡣
Ťͷȥո㻹ҿ⣬Щ˶
ǣʲôҲûС˵ţԽԼûá
ͣ½ŲҲͣ£Ĭע
ڹճСŮѩ׵ĲɫΪصԶ
оں˸ˣƵġ
㳤󣬻ġֻǸСҪԼϱôࡣ˶٣ֵͷԣҲҪڿԼ
ÿ˶Լ·Ҫߣðѱ˵ѡͺԼϡʹǸң𡣡
תͷС۵һ˿ã
ЩԲ˵ġ
СⲻһǵЩ£ոµġ
˵ǳ̾һͷһᶮˡյץͷǰߣΪʲôҪ˵ûõĻ
СıӰûٺ
źȻ뵽ͻȻ񣬻һֿܡ
ôֱӸǣϾСһݾ߾Ͳˡ
СͷŵԼĵӰӣսȭͷ
ڿʼһҪþԼȫǡ
Ƶ˯˸ʱһᣬʵξԵĲ죬һ¾֪Լǻˡ
ˣҲˡ
ǡϥڴϣʧһ밢ƵһӶ
ҡҡͷȥۻȻֻȥһʱ䡣
˶ӣ֦չ㣬Լȥˮϴ
ɵרŵСѾʼ׼š˯ͣŹǷŲ߹ûк
ڵĹһۣذżװֵӸ⣬Ҷ㣬Ϥζ
ϲʳ֮һɵԺһأʹʳ
ſˮ˶ֻ֣࣬ȥˮ
ιҪˮԼȥһСŮװͰ͵ش֣һۣɻĻӵģ
Ʋ죬ƽϡҪȥһڳС
˸Ӷ˲ã
̧ȥֻһŮ䣬վһߣ˫֣Ʋֲҿޣһǵͨ졣
ǲ̣ȥֹǴŮסͷϴָͷ
ùϢŭһӶѣƽЦš
û뵽ԼǾǸжֱۡ
Ů毸һ˦֣ʲôʸ˵ѱʣ
ô˵ʼЦصͷ˳˵
毣кιϵ
ǴŮˣԾȤ˦һ䡰Ҫһ۾ˡ
лǣҡ缤ò֪˵ʲô
ǰڰ֣ǣ߳ȥµľϴ죬ˮҲû¡
ѾʱĿˣĺӣʵۡ
Ŵô͵͵ȥȻòһź쳶
Ǿŭؿȥһ̫๬Ů˫ֻߵǰ밺ͷ
ʮߵӣഺС̫ɨ㣬СŮץĨһ鷳ġ
ǰһƿ
С̫߷ǵ裬ˮ£һˡ
СŮĵЦú̹
ʮĺоֹĲÿ
ԭǸؽϵģԴ˰Ŀ֡ĸԣҲΪ衣
㣬Ϊô׾һʹˡǰȺӣҪػǲһҺײǿġӡ
ףͦġǲɶ࿴ۣԼûʹ͹ʲôӳ˹ⲻܲǣΪεǻΪһ毣
˵Ǳģôһ
еûǲǣûˣ֦һͼΧǣͷһæǰǡ
ùãСŮģۿ졣
֦ùñǶҪͻʺ׺ھȻΪʺ󱨳𣬷Ůˡ
֦ЦãǣӲҹ
⣬æװһӵӣΨΨŵŵظߡ
֦С䣬ݺһۡǵŮ˼꣬Ǳ֦ܳģе
֦˷˦ǽڣһ߸ʹɫһ£ᣬл
㾹ȻҴң
ôˣб״ȥ
Ҵˣ֦ùñˣܣֻú档
͵Ĺ⣬ԭԼ̫ˣ컯Ŀŵ۸毡Ǻ֦ùȫôô
˺һᣬɢˣǻû湻һͷ
֦̾סӸҵĺùǵĸ׵ˣô
ЦۣԽԽ
֦ЦţˮڶͷϣȻ毵ף̬ȴԼС㡣
ĺܾûôÿˣĵŽѤ
Դɽһ𣬱ٰ֮һֱ־ѻڳɵƧ壬Ѱ̼
Ǻ˿ˮʵҼǵһūǷôڻôģ
ˣǻ毿ǹȥѰ˽ڴǰӣûˣ˭ȥϼ毵ģ֦˵ŵߵĻۣūʲôֻйǵ
һ㶣ҲҪˣΪԼӣֲΪǡ
˭ԸǷҩ
һ˭ܾȻ
ʱĲ״üĿ¶׺ݵ
Ӻмƣ˾ѹȿ¡
ǿǧİ࣬һҲϹôһ㣬Լ᲻ã͸˹ūŵܴ󷽡
ҩǾõģʲôܱ˼ȣǱĩáҺֲǸءӦ˵
úúã֦̲סЦŵͷܹ鲻Ϊġ
ƲƲ죬ȻһҪ£ɫҽҪŴ׼ҪӸ⣬Ҫ࣬ҹҪա
֦ΪҪ˵ʲô춯صĴ£Цõȥͱ̹ףҪʲôʲôȻֻʣԡ
ŭŲΪ˳Եĳϣ֦ʲôˡ
ˣʵһСӣʱ͸ġ
֪ǰԼˣҲƲ͵ĶŪοǻǵһĶ
֦˼һ£ҡͷûֲ˼Ц㻹ͱ¶
Ƿ˸ֻֿۣܣһӶˣҪôǡ
۽ޣҪôǸȥֻΣܸıڡ
Ǵ󿴵ЩУƽʱաһʡѵÿͨξȥľƽʱ
ôǸʱյ毣Īģ
Դۡ
֦ʧǣǰ֣ôˣ
û£ǻж˶ҰѺǰıйصʷԽϸԽá
Ȼʵ޿ɸı䣬ȥıξ
ʹֻǸ翵ΣҲԸصޡ˶ôѪ⣬ио˱档
֦ѵӣһʵҪʲô
ѽֻܸһҪ죡ȥ
ֽ֦Թ顣˯һᣬҪϿˡ
ȥ鷿˿ŵȴͨǸʮˣŹٷһ˿
ƳԱ߰Сϰ˵Ӹ⣬ζˣ۾ֱˡ
Ĵ˳ȷû׳ŵӵͷȥذǵӸߡ
ǣ˶
ôʶˡ
һЦת񣺡ˡ
͵͵ֻ⣬ݸӽ
̶֮ͨһͨ岻ʣʶΡ
ںԺ˼ʮ꣬ԸѧʲȴʼԳͷأ˲֪¶谮С̫ӣòǧѷĻᣬҪץס
û뵽ȻɹŮ毡
û뵽˹Ůյ˿ĭ㣡
߲ƣǴͷ

 31 

Ĺ̸Ӹ, 毱ػһʱռͷ
ǱҲĽ毣òвѧŮӣ˭᲻ϲΪ毲Ҫ˷ഺͱǺˡ
ҪͶ, Ҳڹôҡ
Ǻĵ¿η, ҧʶš
˼ʱصŮŮ, ˡ
̧ͷգ۾ЦݲãżҲҪһ, ѵ֪дõʫ𣿡
һ, û뵽ַӦǰŮһ毺õݣһɢЦ, ԳһĹʡ
ɫһӶЦôʧԺ, ӽҲҪˣ
ӽе, ᵽǺСӣһ顭
ﻰ˼毺ͺӽһȣ
ǵһӦڿ, ǿᲱϵˡ
ڶӦǹҲб̵һ찡
ǲ֪ǸЦǸЦ
ȡ壬ȡ裬ɢԣұ΢ᣬ㺦üѣҲıӦԴǵ
һ£û뵽Ǽ±顣ߵӲ٣Ҳ¡
ǲ֪˵ʲôϾ֪ΣҲ毱ˡ
ֻ뾡ҸطǵӸõ
ûҾˡ
㣡ں̬ȳ׼ŭЩǻʹڵŸ̫ڿΡ
ΨŮСҲ²Żع˵вŮʼƽ
סĳֽһС裬ղײգĳСһƪ¡
Щͷ̧ˣǰ񲻶£ٰŪ
һһʹôõ¡ֻˣưոݡ
ƵصȻˣĳͺСӵʸˡ
֤ݣôôء
𾪵ɫһ࣬Կǵ⡣
ԣǻعץסѱУ͸״ˣػء
һ˵ǸˣԼ¡֪ʵ۱̵ĳ£ܻ
˵ˣĺӳǽ⡣֪毸ȾС׼ס
ñȨ빬ΨһóѵһΣȴҲ⵽ֵѱҲǴݺѪ̡
Լòǻ۲ء
ؿʵô
²豭ָͷãеĳСġһƪʷۡ
΢ȣʷةҲٳֳ⣬黹ееġ
ġԭһŮܳ裬ʱüѣȴʮͼ̳λڳУ壬һͳɽ
⣬֮
ͷӻúܣֻһдͻᱻ浽
Ȼܶ飬ȴ̫д£Ҫдã˵һŭҪն
һӦˣӸܵԼţʲô룬ȳ˵
һӸ⣬ҧһڣϸŴϸĿڸǻӡ
أǣӵζ
ддĳԼдͺˣ˳Ҳȷһ£ʵǲͨġ
֦鷭һֱҹʮ´˽ˡ
һֱԼС֪Ϊһ֪Լһӿʱ
ʷпµĵ乬Ǹ۱΢ĺӣΪ΢⣬Ӱӽһ𡭡
һǿȴʼδӹ
һ̣һûûεǣĵؾãԼЩ̫ˡ
ȻãʷĹηǡ֮ӣҲʤˡ
۾ԴǵġƿԽĵҹž
ȵҹ粻ʱ鷢ܿĴӣ΢Ĺâ
ĹףĶӣСǸˣ
ȥ
˫̧ͷգҹ쵣Ӻ
һֱ겻ǵһΣľ˳ᶨ
һᣬĵϨˣֻʣһҹʹΡǺϴɵϰȻ˯
Ҳ֪˶ãʶģƮɢپۼʱǰѻ˷龰
ΣԼ
¹һҹѩ紵ϮŰװعȥ̼ʣ˲٣ùˡ
乬̫ȴˣҹյϣС⳹ҹӲܵѩԼȥ¡
Ҳ˵˭һ𶼻մùˡ
̫Ĳûж񻯣һСʹȥ̫ҽԺ
Ȼû˻ʲô
С̫ҴҴӣˮڴͷȻȥˡ
ǸʡٳﴦŵƽʣЩֶ乬޹ء
̫ҽԺ˶ȥˣֻʣӵġǽͣãСҲֻϲȡҩҿһ
СⲻںԼ裬һֻȥЩҩԭǿԷǽȥģһҹûôϢ˺ﻹտҲеͷؽᡣ
͹ܣ۵ע⣬Ϊ˱ӣҲȥˡ
֪ԼӦðִַ乬ǡ
Сվڸ߸ߵΧǽҧãվȥ
һ·ǽ̸֪ղɲˣ徲Ϣ綼ûȥû˸š
ͬȴر
𱰹Сᡣ
Ĭվǽߣڳ˼ȻһСк
ıӣҾ͸ôȥ乬
С乬֣æȥֻһѩ׽µСӱͷԴźȹС˵
СѾܾûСˡϴλĸǰ͵͵һѶʱҲ
С񳤸ˣԲһ㡣ںޱ߲Ŷ÷ȹĵüޡ
СܿüôһŮûУǸ˭
Сɵصͷһ
СȲקסǱ賶ȥ
СۡƿСӻúشıӡ
Сһˡ
Сһըˣ˹ȥСӱ޾ͻˣûعͱݺݴһȭ
һ£ܹ˵ȴ裬⻹ˣСҧػȥСôŤһ
СһᣬΪЦغ磡
СţвϻһﳶСͷһĻԽԽݡ
СԼãȻ뿿ǣǴ̫ˣҹȥŵּ
СվڱϿ޵ֱãݣһһֹСֶҪԼˣ㱳ȥżĨ۽ǺغǲҪٴ
СȻָǣһվڱѩ˺ѷεؿԣ˦Сӣܹȥס
Сˤ˸ƨɶգע⵽Сӣ˲ˣͷɢ̽شչȥ
Сתתǣݺݶ˫Ŀ죬ƥѪСǣСе¡
Сɪɪͷ
紩٣ů
ݣ
ʹܾԺȫʯĳҲȻůһ棬׸
ȴ۵ˡ
ԲҲǹҪ۸ġСھεضСǸ
СÿȥҲ죬ûС½ǣһֱ߬Ľеݸһɤӵ磬ҵˡ
÷·ǧɽˮ
Сɻش򿪣ʱⱦ磬ĿĽһֱʳСȶŴ졣
˽ɡС˵һ

СֵؿôͻȻ뷨
С˵ͷͷǵĸ׶ңĸұ飬ҳȥ棬Ҽ㣬Ǻû
˵ųһСӣСӱ޵ݵصͷ
Сһ˵磬߰ɣصȥõġ̲
С⻹û˵СӾ½ǲ廰Ҳ뱳飬ܲܺһ˽
Сӣ˵Ƴ
СҲȥ
ΪʲôСˡ
С۽޲˲常ˣҪչ
СһҲϲǸ̫үүżҺһչ
С룬ȥ̫ҽԺ̫ҽɡڣ̫ҽӦûӡ
常ˣǾߡСⲹ
常սΪԼˡʮĵطСҲȥ
Сһ㶣ųһöʢҵЦգصͷšһ
С⿴ѾʼƻЩ̲лʹӡǣöһòõġ
ûϵԼȥǮٿܱڹá
СǣСһȥ
ͷβСӾ͸ƵġվԭسĿһᣬȥ
û߼Сⷢˣݺݺֹ㲻׼
һĻ⣬Сգʪ۾Ʋվסˡ

ǻָʶʱֻýƣʪȣһ䡣
ԼŸˣһ̧ͷŵ֣ˤСη
˭
ģ
ڸ

 32 

Ǹճ״, ;ɤָʹƵ˵
׷ʲô
ϸţû𵹻ãֱøβ
ԼûϢ⹷˽
, ôˣǲǲС, 
ƿתߡ
һһߣӣһҪ˵ļơ
Сⲻظô
ȥˡɤ
Сס
Сӻվԭ, һ񣬿ǾȻ۷, Ŵ졣
ǸС, ۻûɣֻСϻ, ͸ղˡ
ǿӣסˡ
üĿģСȰ
Ҳ벻Сʱô, ģġǳ, һקסͷ
СȻعҲһ֣Ƶֻܱͷϰϡؽš
ҲקСˣǺݺʡ
˲ˡС۳ᣬ˿ǻ, һ˿ķٱɢСᶥͷϡ
⣬ֵ²׼κˣȻСȭͷǰ˻Ρ
СίͰ͵صͷ
Ǻ̧ͷƳСվԱ͵Ц
׼Ц
ŶԹ򴽣һصӡ
ֹǲС˵̫ಡˡ
ɥĲײϣСû˭
ǾϴεദһЩޱȾǸ̫ࡣ
֪Ǹ̫ǺʱڵģΣҪʲộǻԵĴ
ǿȥ̫ҽǴе̫ҽԺȥ
ΪԼ˵ĿǰһһӾ;ˮ𣬽ʵˡ
̫ҽԺ۶̬ȱȶСò˶٣Ƿ£۷ס
ϸ룬Щۺͻ֮ĸԽԽŶ˺СϵС
ȥͬʱиɻ
ô꣬ôȻ¼
ͽˣȴʥ費˥
ͣ½ŲƳС⻳ﱧŵǸУ͵ˡ
Сǳ󣬿һֵ˴ӹ޹ƫ߳
һϮصãȴִһ֦İ÷
ϲ÷ΪһƬ÷֣޹ﵽѩ׵÷
СֱֱҲͷӡʱ£ϵһ顣
ϸϸǷȻţ¶һֵİߣϵãǺ顣
ǰһֱαװһӵܣȴľСʹ⻤ţҲӹٻء
ǡʷʱ򣬲ûжйصļءҺ˰˸ӴţΪֽôܴ󵨵˽빬ǣ
ûʱô࣬Ǹı䷽ȥ乬Լҽαȥ̫ҽԺ
ǻЩڣ֮ǰôû뵽̫ء
û乬һѭȥֻ۸߸ϣ顣߻Υĸף
๬Χһ˽еۣһ̡֪龰ǻʵ۴̣ٸΧۣЧȡ
ֲԤУɵ߹ȥ
Сز˼ȥһ常
û㾪ʧ̬ӡ
ǡ֣ôԼܳˣԽԽġ
һϴԼӣʹ
ӲͷƤ߹ȥ۽ǵѩһƬĿĺ졣̫࣬һѾ߷ѪУеƣһϢš
Ƿʲôʡ
̵Ĵ̫Ե˽ܣҹ͢ʮ
Ҫ˰
常£Сŭ
סڡüֹ˶˵ķ𣡡
תͷǣ̫˫Ŀգֽ׶༪١СӣᣬҧŴȫһֻӵèһµҡ
ǿóĻȻŭˣûһ˿˭ȵ˼Ϊ֪û˻Ԯ֡
˽ܣԺҹ͢ʡ
˶ˣ벻СʳĻ
ǣԽ񻰶ˣⲻʵġŭǺԼŮ̫˽ܣѾˡ
߬֡
ǰԣ޷죬Ϊһжƺ
ڣ׵С
ˡ
Ƕ˻ᣬǻǵСʱʾ˽ұϥϣΪӳηȱһʱ١οٳϲӦôᷢ䣬Աʥ
˵һݣѩʹı
һƬѻȸˡԴӡ󣬵Ҳ֪ⲻ˵Ļ
ԱߵūǶЩЦʲô£λʵմϱߡ
ܲܵô˵淴ûôҪĵز
˴ǰŮ۰ɫԻͣתͷϲŭضԻǱǽԽԽˡ
ֵܹѾߣ׷Ǳ㵽Ϊֹɡ
ڨЦò顣
СĿһ䣬Ҳһ£û뵽ѾԼҵġ
۰֣Զȥŭ
εǳСⱳ̫乬ȥûһ˰æ
ھ⣬˳䣿ȫôػء
Ǳ飬ӦҲ֪顣
ǾҪ⡭
ţȻݺݳһ⡣޷һײ˽˿ľķ֡
һоۣģȵģȵҺģߡ
ʹðĸżغɲܼѪͲˣ
ȫţû˸ҴⱻúˣҲֻ˵ػöһ¡
Ҳұ죡غץǵͷͷ̫ˣ
ԭ޵˱ŭһͷҰޡ˫ͻ۰׻ǣлưߣȻ󶯸λ𲢳ѹ֣ٲ
ǿŭɶƽϡ
ĸñҵᱻ˿ѣȻţ⿴ģǺ飬ʲôӦ
ûĸ״ĸоܡ
ûϵҲޣֻɫѩףѪĿġҭһ£Цҽڼ˭ῴ
иǣʱܴ˴裬ǲԼһָ췭ظ
ѷ٣£á
һ㲻䣬ƽί
ǧس󣬲˼̤ġ
-
һ·ǵ󣬻ص˷á
žһһСľɭѹֻ֣ˡζЩǺˡ
Ǳһˤϣ޵ţŽϳ飬һԵذš
ԽĬԽŭɶް𣡷ŲǻƵôһҲ˵
뿴ޣڵģĳӲǸ˶ݣء
֪˶ãű˴򿪣Ŀӿ롣
ֹûСһϡ
̧ۣ͸ϵµѪ飬ſڡɫֻҲǶڸʲôֻǾóѡ
ͷϣϺܲˬЦյÿˣ
΢΢üͷԽϵѿȥ
ϴûֺݣСòӣ۲ѣԸǰ
ҿ˭ңŭȣҹֵõ˵
ɫԥ
ףǻǸſڵϣΪߣȴҽսֺĴ
Ŀū¡
֪𣿡׷ʡ
ղŵ֪𣬶˶ֲĴѰˣĹʶ
ǣǷʩ
ԭǸ׵ˡ
ڿˡ
ЩԭûҪС˵˿ȴȤ˵ʲô
֮ǰı仯е棬ǰСǲǴǰأ
Ұı˭󣬡ǵ԰
Ц˵ԭΪСӣѱ
еʧٸ˷ʱ䣬תҪߡ
֪ʥģֱϲ¼ɣӦٸʲôǣǿڣǻѪԼͻᱻռ˱ˡһƣûθףѣмף֪׿Ըһ
û뵽˵ĻȻ֪Ƿ޵ĸңЩȫںھһ仰Ҳ岻á

ǵײߺ⣬Ի˵˼ʱĻŭţȥúýˡ
ô£Ѿû˼ȥоˣԣֻ޹ؽҪİ·ˡ
ǳˣŵĶҪȥġ
Ǹ˵ЩֻһʱȣҲãܶ¶ˣšںǲа壬ֻںܴܲ档
죬żɽʣ㾿˭
ҵȻŮ΢ЦĮͻĺݶƺԹ
˵һƽûб顣
ǺȻʣŮ𣿡
ʣ㻹֪Щʲô
ɲһȫ˵ֱ۾ϣԺбϡУҲһֱڣҲڵʱϣϸ񶽴ѧ䡣
üⷬЩ⣬ǵ˵ͷ
ž꣬ȥӾĻز𣿡
ȥӾ·թۼܰģֻ
ʵֻǰʷϵļأƶ켣ˡûԼҲ
ǵͷС˵Ͳˡ


 33 

˵֮ǰ㡣
һ, ȥһɫСӰˡ
Тңǰˡ
û⣬ĮȻӲ, ʵȴ
һ, תȥ
ء
ȻС⻹ǿûϳʣ˭ˣ
׼ʡǴ
С, ¶һ˿ھΣԲ, ûϵ, ǣ㡭
Ҳãʲôûﵽ㡣ǼТ֪͵͵ӳġ
˵ȥ˵仰ʱ, СбųһűĻ⡣
ûġ
ǽ׼õż㱳ӵݸһҪպˡ
Сɻؿ˿ȻЩҩ, иҰҵҩ
, 㵽֮ٿ
һЩδİʾӦٳЩࡣ
۱֤·ϰɱ⣬Ͳһʳӵ
Ȼ֣ǿ϶ᶢ, һ·ΣջǺܴġ
ʷ￴ͻϮ׽ӾĴЩȴɴһսʦسΪ
ϼİ̺ۣ֪Щ˺ʱĲңֻû
ѪˣŻŻصߣâɵλá
һҪСģҪҳԶҪκˡǷ·˵ĻҪ
Сϸʵ˵֪ʱʱͷ
ǿͰһ޵һ֡ǧĸǡĸоκ绽ֻ꣬Ǹĺӡ
ֹ˼£ĵҪˣûʲô˵𣿡
Сӻóһݸϴ׹ʱȦˣҰЩˣһֱûỹ㡭
㶡
С̾ǣһߡ
Ȼ֮ǰ˽¡
ҲŲߡţСͷ
һ
С⿴
ڵ뿪ֻһʱ֮ƣԶߣųоС֣һɽӵĺ
ٴҹӡ
ʵ֪ӻкԶԶһĳҪˣǱ㿪ʼ˵롣
Сͷǰ˱Ǳ裺һһ߳ˡ
ŬЦţۿȴˡ
˼ҺҲûߵȥ
ˣˣһԴԼҪĿģæСдһƪġ¡
ΪʲôҪдСⲻ⡣
ʣ͵ԡдһ㣬һ㡣
СĥһᣬԹʡ˼βݸ壬дǧ֣Կ۾ֱˡ
дüԶ׶ǳϿڡٿ֣ȻۣԶͬСҪѾܿķǿϤּЩС
ԣ躹ޣŻպ֮ϵҫ
ôСʡ
ããϲʤС㻶ϲҲ̲ס΢Ц
Ժǻһ¡
֪ûãһԡ
ǰžԼòҲ̶á
Ŭ׺͵ЦЦȻúͺӽĿǵǰҪϲͼסҽ˵ĻǳǳҪ
ҪԼɺˣÿҪŬѧϰֶġպģһ£ֲй⣬˭Ҫš
Ƕ˶٣ʲô˵ĻдǧҪغãܸ˿ŶˣһҪԹȵɿҲǿεġ
˵ЩһҪŶҲܸ߱ˣȻû˻ϲģ
֣ԼԼ˸
ǹɵġ
СʱԼԸоֵֹģ֪᲻ŵʵҲԼôѹϾ⣬ΣʱܸЩʲô
ǲסھǰһظ춼ˡ⼸˯ȥޱԼ˯ʵ̲סͷ˯ˡ
ۣһ˲֪Լˡξ棬ǲʵ棬һ΢ѣΡ
ϵʹûˣǻе㲻ϰߡ۾ֽʣСдĬɫ
ǰʷةʱǵʦ˾ʷüϰд֡дȻҲ󣬵׺ֲһ±ϳ
֦ЩԵĸǿ̲סһ˽
ôˣ֦һһͷˮ
ʵãû˴
˸Σ˴ңұÿɲˡǿ޿䣬ﶼûޣȴԽ˵Խί
֦ЦԷǣı㲻˾Ͳˣ˭Ҵ㣿˵Ҹҳ㴦á
ǰβ˵ֻǿޡҲˣͻɻˡ
֦룬ȡЦòμ´ɣ
Ųء
ǵҵ
֦һʵ֪ҵ£
֦ҡͷֻ֪ͱΪ²
ҵ֪ȥôЩ£
ǲЩͺйصǰ֮£뺮֦Ҳ֪Ҳˡ
ֻһһ취Ĭдȥ鷿
ѵ磬峿ףϵĲѾʼ˻
ǻûȥһȵ߹
һϤİŴϣͷ˯
ʮƼͨѾʮˣˣΪĵ˽ӼȻ̫ͷΣʵǸ顣
׳ʱӣȴ̬ӣʤꡣ
Žȥûڣ
ʮֿˣͷú֦һЩҩŷӵͺáǰǼᵽһ㡣
ζһֻӵϸһӺ춹ɳ
ӿɲܳôʳȻ᳤֣ΪһΰĺĸףΪ˺ӵĽֻԼǳˡ
ǼֱҪԼжһעŻڴͨһŲȥ
ն룬⴫Щ춯һæ˼վ
Ժ󻹸Ҳˣ
⣡аߺ
ôʱҲûлᣬ㻹͵пѵӺ˽㻹á

С̰˯ЩС´µġЦŹά
ÿᡣ
һ߽ͨҲʱѹæ
ϿõˣԺ󲻱ô硣Խλ۽иӰſŲ
̧ȥһϳǸͷŬСڸеŮˡ
ǣŸʵ֣˯죬ǰһ֮ǰĻòײס˲Ҫðġ
ñסˣȻҪˣ롣
üʵʲô
ɷ죬踺صض񣬻δ˵ϴγҲϣС¶飬ӧҪһƪʷۣϣܵõ´࣬ؽվڴ˹ʥݰɡ
˭׼ԼϷģ£ûУԩ
Ȼ֪Թֵü毱ѣ˳Ż˭֪ѧ峵ŪȻˣҲڴˣʲôóеĹͣ
䵭һ˿޵Ц
ͨҲȤص˵ͷ
ȥӣ߬Ųšɨһۣʹ͵֣һˤǰϸƵġ
㡭ӵ뷢ȴ˼ɵʥϣֻ¹ڲƽϡ
չһͿּһ£һ濴һ¶һ˿ɫ벻ʡ
дþᣬǲ٥װףųжȣ£һζ
ǰŮӣĲɳȻ֮ϡ
ϧ֪ǾֱʣȻ֪θ롣
ͨһ߲סͷ̲֮סáСҲΪƺȲʣҲһæȥС
ʺ˵ôʺþҪۡ
˼䣬ؽֽж
̧ۣЩעķӦ
ͨЦмķ񡣡
һдģ͹ˣǸ̡
ȻҲֹ֪Ǽ֣Լдģ
ϾȻȻ¾䣬ֻôʷʱƫãһЩ۵Ҳֻʷʱ뷨ǳô꣬ѽˡ
毴ĻͶã֪
⿴ŵæջߣΣ
ޡⲻм
ۣǲ̲סЦ´ū澲ѧǳλЦˡ
ξȷʵܸıڡ
ⲻ֡⵭Ҳд¡
ͦ찡֪˼ôô
ǲ֪ûʲô̧ͷԭ»ū澵ķ磬ū澺ж

ƺǱסˣɫһ󣬡ⳤɵúܺðԲ˲١
һ˿ȴ˾òһʱ鷿мžޱȡ
˭ôûԹˣһСľͣһ㡭ȻۿɼQAQ
Ǹˣֲ壬ֵ毣кιϵ˵毱̫ˣڷһźÿ
˵˯ͣԵñȱ˶࣬͵̫ӵĵģ
Ŵ졣
ô֪ʶ㱻ȾָӺ춹ɳ鲻ѡ
ЦЦͣңūСԶ
Լӵʳôܽ͵ԣ
Զѵó¶𣡡͵̧ŵһͷƤ飬һһ¾͸ˡ
ûϢˣ
Щ毵ķӦǳԤϡ
һŮɧ̫ӣʷߣǻˣ
Ȼף֪δŭֻ塣
˵ʲôҲûãֻѱصϢŭ
ȻĲŻ޴ʩչǲڵдһƪ                        
лҪ˵ǣΣ
⣬һעⱣԼ

 34 

ɪŵŮ޲űǵ, ū֪ǰпһԣٲѲŷſ⼸ۣ࣬ձʣ»˴ʵġ
ۣζص޿
̵, 㻹Ϸˣ
ԥ, ⲻõءšһ
ǲòΡΡذȥ
ֻºסֱ
Īŵӿ죬Լ
, 䣬ǣ֡
Ӽ, С޹, ýСÿÿƣû˯ȥʱ⻹δ, ֡
˼Ȼꡱһ˲û֪
Ģ́ͷһְֻֻ͸, Ѹٱɫ, оһľʹ
һ˲۵ӯᣬ촽԰ײ˵
˹ػ㣬ɻжʵ
, ҶQAQ
óһӣ˲֣Ȼһ˿üӶ
⵭޿ͦõģûʲô£ɼû࣬ʡ
أ⣡Զǹ˰
ķ޲ȥ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪӦдʷۣҩôûϾҪߣ̫ˣ
һӣȻЩ֡
毲ó飬񡭡ǡ
ʱϲŪÿǱֿı飬Ȼͻιıӡ
ܿʹƵͷǴԼ
ǺŮ˷һ𣬶Ƕǵ¡
䣺ٸԽһ֣
֪˵Żˡ͹Ͼʹߣ
ίٽĺӣɶҲ˵ˣ¡ⲻ֪ʱΧһѹŮ̫࣬ŸʺõϣһӶһ߿Ц
븴ˣʬδ͸ĵϹ£ҲǱ¶顣
߷߲ѣܻԼ﷭Сּһʡ
ûд꣬šֻк֦ˡĨĨᣬѱȥš
֦һǵؽغţۣʵ˵鷿ײű˰ɣôˡ
ûôǵ
ǰŪѾֽ˶ѡ
֦ĵȰ˵ʲôúø˵˹Ӳ𣿡
ͷ˵Ҳҩ¡ʱҪǳס»ᱻ֦߲ˡ
ᣬ֦˵ˣ֮ǰȥص˻ˡûҩĸͽҲˡ
Ǿȵ̧ͷգգ۾
ʱ֪ԼҪ;ƿݣչ˰ֲðҽʧѡĵغֿϳԿĺӵͽܡ
һԸĸ˫˫̥ã淮ýܣС¿꣬ΪһŮιһ˼ҵŮĸѧһ֮
ʱߵôæǵﲢûȫȡأȥһΡ֦ҲǶԵһ˴к˳ҩȡ
ʲô֣ͬʱһּ䲻ԤС
ҪΪ
֦뷨źص˵ͷ
ƤЦⲻЦҴӽԺ󶼲Ҫˡ
֦ЦͽܵȤģҲãɱǰѡı׼ѡģ¼ֻ»᲻ˡ
ɶ˵ģʲôͽܻҪɫ˵ˣȫҲҲһÿİ
뵽ԼǸΨһе淮С꣬ɵƵġҪǿ˼紿ƣԼȷʵȱ˸ɻķϣ򲻻յġ
ȵȣӦһͽܰһðģ
֦ҲסˣһãһŮһиӣӢ࣬ʿ
᣿Ҳʶѽһͷˮ
֦һĪðģ
˼ţ֦½ӼǣʱƳһۡ
-
Σͨ񲻼ã˵˵ȰظϢ˼˽ӣȵ˹ţһˡ
һͦνýϺպգȴǸʮŮӣʩۣ֬ü۴һɶ˪ĥ㣬Цʣʷü
üһͨũʱ䣬ü޵죬ͱǿȥ
һ̷꣬ȴɷѶһŭ֮¼Ƽʻ¾һŮ£˵ΨһŮ٣ϼʵۣ²ٹ١
ͨ¸أԵէһ˾Ѱݷáüϳĳݣǰкϣɺá
ͨۿһϳЦǺǵˣþòһжãǸּüһˣ֪ӵײϰʹ̣Ҫȥģһ̰ɡ
üˬӦˣǳ
ǲŸ̫Ϲ˵ʱҸæ꣬δüȥݻʺ̫ӡ
ͨЦʺˣ̫Ӻ͵ۺСʱһǻЩһҲۡ
ó԰ϲý
üǣʱҪ٣װ͵͵ܵȥСۡȴҲû취ֻиԼ
üԸǽʷ̨кܶ࿼ǡ
ʹǰĿԹⲢƫЩü˳͡
ǹλ𽥱ȨʴǣҪලλǽʷ̨绢
ǺƽʱģȴܾʷҪˡ
ҪǣĻɽδǶʱ䣬˳ᢡʤǧˣһйص¾ͷҡ
ߣĵ
û뵽ȻҲĸˣû뵽̶̼ټüЩꡣ
ֻôãһƬվˮһա
һƬĬȻͨȻۻҲ֪üﲻܣˣ˿˵ǱɹŮ£
üûʲôֻǸŮ˲򵥣ҲֻƾԾͶһ¶ۡ
΢΢ЦѴˣ˲֪
ͨóдƪµݸһ̾µʷۣȻµһŮʵҲܰ䣬ֻϧʵڡ
Ȼֺ֧ͱ÷ǣСɰ
ͨΪͰѧ輫ߣõɲסüæչһӳ
עȴ£Ǳּˡ
⣬дģüֵʣǰֽ֣Щ˼顣
ͨΪҲǱ毵Ĳޣźӵͷ
ⲻ尡
ͨЦˣ˴ʵġ
üȻ̧ͷϰľûô򵥡˿˵ļͨϣͣ
ͨ΢ȣôˡ
üѾͣ˳ֽýݣһ³һߵҪȥݻ
üҴҸϵɵ֦ͻȻã鼱Уϵ£ֲõԤС
Ϊм䣬Ȼ죬Ҳ棬üżɽҴǿϵʷۣúе̡
֦ģ治ɫЦЦΪѵ·Ըְء
üʮ꣬ʲôûӺ֦￴һ˿顣
һϲ豭΢΢Ŷֻȥʾˡ˵
֦ɫڨڨæסˣūȥ
أüֱӴҹȥǡ
֦ҧЦЦת·
ǰ棬Ųң˫ֽǰ
üӰӣбȻйֻȷź֦ģôҲ벻ס
ڷͷʷ䲻˸磬Щ΢ԤУԶԶغ毣㡣
毡־ͷǳҡ
ȵȣǺ֦
ˣһ飬ûӦŶ롣
̧ͷһüŹӸվǰűϣ֦ΪҹĬ
üǸ˾˭èǸµòСһǲغʦ
ˣǣǿĿİͰ͵ģվ
üһͲ˶ߡ
ҲʦȻȥ
Ҳ治סӡ
ֻǣʦôͻȻ
üɨһ֣Ȼóֽʵ֪Һ˴ʵģ
ȴ˵һ󷸵ļƣͺʡ˽ܡĿɭ϶κζǰΡ
üΪʷ򣬹ν൱Իͣ黬̰Ȼ۵úܡ
ʦ߾ͨ졣
·ѻüˡ
ʲô
̹״ӿܴϣǵͷ֣һʵˡ
ǣʮǰӳɵǱӵ²ַءǰˣȻͱ毣ʲô֪

ü㵵ضһᣬࡣ
㣬һƱĻȻˣβŵͺá
ȴΪƽĸֺۿ
ʦ̲סȥסü
ԭ˶ΪԳ֣δйô׽ľٶ񾭹ʵЩ
üıһûŮǶʱոٲöŮӲЩ¶֮顣
кδ㣬ҪһֱŮ𣿡üĹһªĻЩ޳ɡ
ҡֹոձˣֻһ֮룬ξɻδܾôˡ
ҪŪЩ£ǱָˣֻܴǱ֡ϡʦȥòٺʲˣ
֮⣬ʷ̨ܰǰ£û˻ʷ
ʦǴսü۽ܲܰҸæ                        
лҪ˵Ϧ֣

 35 

ü, һҪ죬Ͼ֪εʲôʦǹЧʾǸߣһʱ֦Լͤ档
ƨƨߵȥ, ѵȺ, һϮɫ类紵Ƶƾ
硣ѾĲϰߵغˡ
, תͷͷ󺹵عĿ΢, Ц˰, ³Ե㶫
Ǻ£ϰı֦, һЩϹˮð
һ㶣ŷӦôͻȻô, ׼Ե֦
ϲͣ, һ߳һɵ̧һۡ
ʲôֱң˲Щ£αͷȵһĨЦ
һ㶼ǸקӵСƨ
, ǻУ£ЩΣ֪ܷܲܰﵽʲôæ
ǰ׼õ˵ǣǵ˵̲ס顣
һԼĲæֱ۾ǳĻڸģжģ
ȿãһЦˡЦԽԽʣԽЦԽǿ
Ŀͣ
㶿Ц꣬΢΢ҡҡͷ۽Щ⣬ӳźɽɫɷ롣
㣬ˣ˰ء
΢Цֻǰʾһ㣬ұµˣı仯ȷʵ̫ˡ
ʦͽǧ
ǲЩΣҿһȦֻ˵֣Բ𡣡
֪˵ʲôҲ֪ΪεǸ
ֻרעؿͺãûжԲκˡ
ƽͬ¹µĺˮÿһƬⶼϲ
ǵͷ
Щû𣿡
ɡ
ȱ໰˵Ǽ˾н룬ֻýǧﶼ˻ȥµתҺܺ棬Ǹʲôġ
һ£ŷӦ˵е磬ͺһʵѹܸоʵ
˶٣ǾԼ󿴵Щ£ôʼίŵ
׾Щ򽻵û𾪣ֻ˳˼
ҵĲǣͼý㻻꣬гƫþԶԱ岻ĻںܲȶҲŰ֮ÿҹΣǸ˽˵ЩŹ֣Ӧ֪ʲô顣취̽һ£ǰһҪȫԼ
룬ѲȻԪˣƾҽȻε޲ӦǸҪβ趨ġ
һܻصԼ𣿡
˼һᣬҲȷϵļأûǰԹʯ
ȴӻóһֻҵݸ
ǺɵؽӹһЩɫķĩ
ǰǰصʯۣ֪˵ǲͬһÿ˯ǰһǮ¯еȼԱΣ˯ȼξʱ
ôһ˵ⶫе֡
ɣ
ЦЦԭǡͣҲԭߣʲôûҪҲ֡
ƾܵĻᣬֵЩ£Ĳ𣿡
ǵͷ
㡭ֹ
ȣֻһ˰ѺӴ󡣡Ȼش˼ȷ
һ漴ǣЦǱ̵úܺá
ɬŮΪĸҲΪˡ
ֻϧûڸǺеĿɬ
Ƿسɵʱʱ磬ɫѾЩˣѹǣƮŵСꡣ
Ȼأô̹ˣȴһ׮¡
üѾʷ̨ص϶ժ¼һǿ˻ᣬȴĲɡ
ôùϵȻĵôĥ
Ͷãϲʲôأ
Ǵû˼⣬˼Ȩ֮ΪЧʲô࿴һۡ
ȥϲĻԼֻԼ
ǸҪ뷨
֦ţ˶ųһᣬǺǵң˵Ҹô͹ϵ
֦Ʋ죬ȱ
Ҫô̹ףȻ㶥ָ¶ɫһûϸ첲ѾǸ⿪ˡ
ǿգһӣֻƣҲ벻ԼһҪȥֺǸˣֻء
໰۷ḻ
дһѩĲ׽֦㰴˵ġ
֦̾Ҳ̫ˣ⻹Ҫˡ
ֱ׳̸ֻֽܹ
֦̲ס߶ǰɣŻԵģҪãĻϷ
룬°͵Ȼϲģ۾͸ζ¡
֦ζ𣿣
ʵǲûΪ³
ɵĳһҹСůȳȵ
ôͻȻ³һ˫ִӺ滷סͷϣȵıϢɨޱ޷
һŤûʲôɵȴ
ıQ̨Ƴۣ˿⣺ʲô
Ҳ֪㰮ʲôġû˵
͵ЦҧҧǺĶ䣬Ұ㡣
òУͨ˾䣺ҪȻ¹߳ŭذȥ
ŵʱԽЦ治
ιޣǰɣԸ
һ˵ѻ·ԹԺǰ֧ͷζؿ
Ŀֱģƫ˹ĵŴ
֦˵æһ磬Ժˣǣ֣ڴһ£᲻á
ĿȻˣ·Ȥļȡ
Ǳ÷ë
ɿɣÿ
֣΢ЦƵǰ⿴һۣûעʱԵһһ˿
ΪҴæһ죬ˡ˳գգ۾ˮޱȴ
˿ȸͻȻˣ˸裬Ϊüȴź̧°ʹ
ڣһ˿Цһ㣬ȴƫƫף˵ɣôͻȻôԡ
ʲôװⲻϰͷ˲
㲻ȥˡȥ롣
ֱһ˼ڣɫٿ䡣
㲻¶°ʡ
ôҽ˫ô⣬ֱƣ
룬촽մˮգӺЦ㴲ͷβô춼û֣ػأ

޻˵߬ȹһᣬƤЦⲻЦص㲻ΪǸɣֲɵ
ЦҡͷҲš
ǳ˳ǣ͵ȻҺܷ
⺬Ц͵˵Ҳ㲻ɵ

ûˣ˵Լɲá˵
ҧгݣһᣬתƻú𣿡
ѡһֻӸΡ
ζνˬ
ִ꣬Ƭһˣٽȵһβʣ
ԿŶθۣƫ治ɫ
ؿڣ
㲻÷ôΡȻ
Ƕʱˣϲŭɫ˵
һ죬䲻קŵһ˫ֵļ硣
ѾܹΣǲ̫ϰߣһʱҶ
֪̫ˣͻ뷢йָ⻮ĴɫૣڣЩġ
۾ôû˵£
ʲôû˵ͱס˴
ӣĺQAQ

Ȼ
һɵЦʲôأֵ֦ؿеôô죬ˣȥЩ
ˡȭڴ˼
ʳϷһƬε񷣬һϴӳڹ岨ϣǧ
ĺɫĺϣϼһߣƺ¶ĽǶֻǿ̫ʪԶһƬƣýбꡣ
ͨ˴Ȼ֣ҹгϣ֯
һ۵ƶ˿ǰķ򣬱֪˳
ۣ㿴Ǹ»𰥡¶һС֪صغһǦ֬ͷնֵġ
˫۵ɴ󵽼ޣĿתؿķֱۻң޲һ㡣
ǾǰŮٶôÿи߱۾ˡ
ͣ̾ʧЦҡҡͷ
˵ʦ᲻Ǵ˼ҵķˣ˷ܵòˡ
ŸؾŮǰű΢Գһ˿ĳȡ
Ҳ棬һأⲻ๵ģС
ϲϳɵӣԼСһ꣬ȴѵˡ
ֻһ˸
һμʦʱʱʦڷţЩԻúũûʲôͬͶ١ֲ赭Ƽݣȴƫһֶصʣͬһ使ߵ˼主󻨡
ʦȹĵûȡκηãΪӿ޸һɵˣǰʦѧҽ
죬Ƕҩھ˵ʦͰټҴˣֱһ¡
ѵʦǹͨӷ
ʹٸٸɲꡣҲ֪ȥңǮŵ
ƻزڡǮʱ˾͵ˡ
Щѯʦ£ԷԽǺǣԽܸоĻ֮˵ɲ⡣
ٲ֪ǺʦĹϵǽ档˶ּСԣ֮ΪʦͺӣͺԥشӦˡ
֮ǰ˸ˡ
ųڱĿĸᣬ¶ǹĽ
ÿӣߴӢ䣬Ųһƺɫ̴Žýǰһڵ˲ҽӽ
͵͵ǰѵû뵽ó棬ˡ
ҹһѰγָðɱŵ˺üҹجΡ
ȴԽɿƵҪ
ʦɽҩʱ˻ˣʼû˵Լ֡ʦ˵Ǽ鼴ƵҩȻ
ҽһˣ˭˵ʦͺӡ
ʦҲֻкӺҽ飬żϲ͢ԡ
֪ʦвһΪȻôԸõأ
֪ΪͻȻʧˣû뵽Ҫȥʦʱ򣬸ֻˡ
Ȼǵʦӵĺɡ
ίʦӵĸˣƻŮۿˣ
ţǵ˻ʹѽѽѽɳ֣
һŨü۵ĻһĴȣԽԽΡ빬ǡ
ؿ淮ʦƽʱҲ˵侩ǻԲǺѧ˺þҲѧϾǣɵױǿ
һڰӾΪԵãһ·ȣԾѲһĳˡ
ȵȣո˵ʲôʹ
˹ȥ淮ǰΡıߺǽ˵
죬𺳵üҪᣬԼ͸̻Ի͵ĵط
ϣ淮صͿУתͷȴۣĿݷޡ
淮û⣬ͷʦǹɡ

һ̡һֱʦֿɼĿ꣬ΪԼѾڸʦǽ֦Ҷôܣ
ҲҲʦǴŮͷųˣټǣ
ĻҵϹһͨҪԼҳĽͲܰȡ
һһţͣ¡Ѻˣ¾µĹǵ
淮ǿһȺ롢³žϷ˵̫ࡣ
֣̫Ҳ֡
ǰܹ̫ܽǸЦеЩʱټλ
˵ռһ˪һ۾תһֵػܻ̾ΨһСﻹ㶮£˵
ݣ£˶ɵˡ
Ȼܼ𣿣
ЦʱūźѸλһﲻط¼λٿ˵
޶ԣ淮ʵ˲٣һݣҲǽŵس亹ӲͷƤ˳ЦͷǼû棬оֹ֮빫ָ㡣
΢صͷʺ̳ͽ
ˣλǻʺĵӣ⼸׽ˣ°ݼڣȻᱡ
ʺĸһף˴˫罣ж¶Ȼ֮ɫ

 36 

Թ, ֦ȥƫͽǡǴʱ˵ؿˣе㸴ӡ
ףǺôϵױˮһ𣬺ڰ׽ӳϷƵġ
ǾȻطϱ淮ЩδĲ̿ˮ, ȴ۹۱Ǳǹ, ػܣ֪ʲô
µķӦôͺȻ˻ʹʦôͻȻ˻ʺ
˵Ͽ, Ǹտɲıʦ˳
ô, »᲻ǣ
ź̫˵ݼڡ, 𿴹Ĺǻ
ʵӵԺ, ôʲôȻʦô뿪һǹȥˣҲ˱£һ
ôҲ뵽ʦҪµġ
֦, 㿴ĸðģ
һϳ, ʧɫָҪɱ⣡
иɨ˼ۡ
֦Աɫȥϵ汨¼ݵ
֦òУȴ, ڰ֣û£򲻹⡣
֦
ˣǻרעŵĶ
ףҪʲô
ᵹķ٣ѧŹ澵ӹӭݣ޲Ƶѹȵô
ãԽԽĽŲ˷ڵϣֻܿƵɫЬ档
Ǽȵⲽÿһļ䡣
²ŵλõˣ
ϣĸľżƵģβؿİͣл¡Ȼսս
ЩûϢģų
Ǿö
ҲԼǰ˳ɶ
ĸվ಻סģ̧ƳһաҲΪ裬δǡ
Ҳǵɫһסһ˲
ǽ̳ˣȻͬ졣
ݵĿ̵ͣصͷȥС¹
Ⱪ֣
ſˣ淮׿͸ֻǡ
վĩӣϲһ޵ĵ⡣
ⲻɫջĿ⣬˹䣬ؽţټûб£ֻǡ
˶٣͵ǶȻͣŪĵ
ʲôʱϲ˵ˣ
кȻһĨͶȻɫͳȥֻ˵˵ڷص
˶һ£
ĬãҲߴ٣֪Ҫܶʱ仺͡
ϲʲôʲôʲôкͺӵʲôԡ
ͣѭѭգ˼ݡ
ǲ֪˵ʲô˶ˣЩ
ڣʦƽһ˼оҽϣûʲôϲá
һ˵һ߻룬ʦֹܴ˿³èʲô
ĸҲ˼죬Ψֲʦϲǲ֣ʦֻǲúͱ˴򽻵
ǾûʦƢãֻ̫ˡ
һֱӳ»һȴ޿صذˡ
ţ̲סۿ͸ΪʦǵһҲΨһһǺõġȻ󣬿ʦٲȻĳ
ⴹ۽ޡ
ˣ޴ֺáԭΪΪԼû뵽뿪֮󣬻ô
ʦϢʱԺ죬ٲ廰Ͱ΢Цš
ʲô
룬¶ɫ֪ò˵
˵޷ⰲ
ҧҧʦȽϹ¡
볤õĳĬ
֮̾񣬴֮ԶĻµŮǡ
𡣡Цһʲôۣ¿ɻ⣿
˵⻰ʱӸϲһ仯
ҡͷ
ܳͷƵ˱£ʦϲϷ
ǰʦϵ׶ˣա
һʹɫ淮һ¡
Ե⡣
ݸͷ֪
֪һ㶣Ȼͨˣһǰ﷭˸׳졣
ˣǵİģֻ߳ܡ
⿪ڣһ˲˻Ƶסˡһָ̻糣ʲôУûУǰ˺£
ҡҡͷʦֻչ˺úӡ˵ӣܺȻ·˵̫ĪǾǡ
˶٣ӲͷƤʵʱ£ǿɲȥС
ƽ׽˵صջ˴ȥݼ̫빫
Ȼ
ǰϦˣֵĺӣȻ˹ʹδĵ
ǾȣֵʦʦҽҽҲ⣬̫ҽԺ
۾ûҽȻ֪û뵽ԼȻǰͽ̫ҽԺＯȫҽߣӵõǶҽĵط
л¡ܼδȴĬһ·ĸ֪һЩйػʺ£뵥¡
˶ɻؿǺͺ֦Ķ
Ŀ⵭Ȼˮɨᴹֽ˽Ű֮⣬ǿԼǸ߸ϵ˶ӡ
Ϊһб׷ҵ׿Ĵ̿ͣ˼꣬û¹ʲô
οǰһֱҪɱ֮ı
֮ǰıȫԲϺţüĿƽͣһĶţҹӣ崺硣
ʹʼɫδ䣬ỹǴԼвһ˿⣬ͬǧЮ
ôһ˲䣬ⱩԼͼϾͻ¡
ûС
⿴һ۽ղԣǷָ£ֻš
źϣХһƬӿ΢ĵ⡣
˵ɡ⿿ε
ĵ֣һ̸·𿴼ɢһ˿벻͡
һ־Եļ衣
ԣ¹ǸŮӣЩϻʱ䡣
Ҳ˫ֻأ˵ʲô
˶٣ڳ֮ǰõ˵ǣһǰɽˣˣҡҾҽס£ͰϲңѾˡ
ǲ㱻ԼĭǺԺ֦Ҳùֵֹġ
ǸôԼϷڻҡ
ᱩףʬж˿顣
͵һͣüض
·ҹһԶڵǶò˫۶һ¡
︵ѾǸˣ²ôʬٴء
ž˲佽ʪ档
˵ѡƽƶȴһ㼫Σյɱ⣬߬ڵָⷺףֶ֪
ޱ飺ֲҪùȥ֣ΪȥһС
⻰ֱʹţνġǼֱΪƣԼҶô˵
ɫֻ࣬Ѫӿǰһ󷢻
˹ȥĹȥĶӣͱ˿ʼµ
ӻóһֻСӣ˫ֳϣҵ¿˱֪
վףǰվ
ÿһᶼܸоصɱ⣬һһظɼ롣
˱һնС
һֱ󣬿Ѿȥŭɫֻǵƽѹ
žһ죬ᰴ»иǵ
һɫҹգݶϢźէһӴ򿪵һ˲䣬иӰ˳
˻һڻӭ˹ȥ
㣬ػӿߣлһСͬʱһᡣ
Ӧ֮ԶԶϣʯ֮䣬ܿųŵĵѵϡ
ȴûֱɱֻʣɱҵģ
һնǣ㣬θ˵Ҫɱ㡣
оӽס˻ֿȥ
ûжϽʵʵһ
ü壬Ҳգֻɫ԰ף·Ѫɫ
޳˺ȻĿ֨
оԼһ类飬ֻʣһƤ⡣
̲סҽгܿƵصȥ
̫ˣǱԼ֮ǰ֣ԭˡ
ŵͷںڰУɫֻ˫ƺһ㱡ˮ⡣
૵֪һж𣬶̿Ͷã۹ԽԽȻῴˡ
ǣɶҲûɾǹί
ȥ޵ֻȡʱ򡭡ֻ
ҹɫедһ˿пᡣ
ͣϴʮ
ۣѪȵһĻ
ǰգνȻԴ˵ֶΡ
էȻǻǾײС
ⷢй꣬ϵĸҲĿȫˣȻû͸ӲܿƵس鴤ţѪһأʮֹ졣
ĽҲ˲ô࣬˽أҲ̶á
ݣ£ˡȫѪȾ͸ŵòС
ⶪתߵ£޺úò˵
նɱԱ練ƣʱͷйһ𶼲˵
ƣɥĻҡ
ǣūȥ𷣵ЩҷȻŵǰñӢ䡭
ƣһ䣬룺ȥ
ղãоƨæˡ

 37 

ᱻ̧ȥ, ɢ˫ۿһƬĻؼ䷺ʵİ
ҲĴһ׷ɱ˵صɽ´ŢУΪԼҪˣû뵽һ, ȴһҩ®С
ߵ, ̫أ
һŮ߽ȹ, δʩۣ֬Ϊޱ߷, üĮ赭һվ, ӵ˳
ˣŮǰһ, Ǯҽҩ𣿡
ɫһѵ
ҡͷ
ʧƲƲ죬͵֪Ǹµ˾͸Ͻ߰ɡ
ʦ, һ°, ôÿ˵
ÿܵԣǷ˸ۣҲöÿ
ҽԲȲҩ£ڼ仹͵ʦ˲ҽ
ĮԴ, ƽռٿڡ
ҽеķΧǢãƽȻʦš
Ǹط׿һжԹǷǡ
ϲ棬ܱȴദɿɰСģҲǸѸ˵档
ɽҰ帾Բһѧʶؽ󣬾ҽֻŲ¶ˡ
ʱ˼һ߼ÿζҪˡ
һΣǰϵԤһƬҩġ
߲ʱΧﰾҩȻշѣǴܵļǮʵúܣֻҪҩҩܵˡ
룬һûһģʵϢ׳ĵϸ
ĳһ죬ʹ͸¶Լɱֵݣûôȣһ²ؼ߸߹ӣ˵һֱıɱӡ
ϸɫûмһ뷴ԣΪԼͬˡ
Ҳ벻ǰŮǱ÷Ϊʮ꣬ͼͼɭơ
ʵôֻôȻһ䣬ûע۵׵ĳ
ֻΪŮϲϾЩҽлʲôԵС޴ܡĻǱȷʵһֱѰһŮӣΪ
ôʱ䣬ûʹû뵽ȴǸֻ˶Ů鳤ıȤȻ
ǣŮˡ
͵һɫȮĻܳúõȥ
ζؿһۣһ߽һʣΪʲôɱ򣿡
ҡͷȻΪ²
̲סЦЦҿ²ͦð
Ǳ˼Ҷʲô
ðɣףɹ
ҹǳߵ˯üʹѣֻԼ˵ɽϡ
ҹХߣһĵĮῴɫ
طִ治¸ңҺܺ¡ޱںڰЩ}ˡ
ӦҴӲɱˣֻȥ书۶ܻ֫ܲȥԼˡ
һĶǵĻ޲˵޶˵ĺݶ
ƽһθо󱳷δӦֻɬȻĺＷ֣Ϊʲô
ȷʵǱΪ²Ĺ׿ɱˡ
һʯͷϣعϣķ˿վһɽ֡µŮ͸һ˿ء
Σգȴƻġ
㿴̧ԶָȥƵᣬ·ֻںлҳ
ʹŤͷȥˮ죬ǿһͨ
ǰĽԪ꣬д󺵣۲Ϊɹٻ¹ᣬӶʳҰеıǻϢ污ֱȥָͿʼˮʵޡ
սңĿ꣬Ͳţ˽ӼͶԺݼŮѧˡ
ԽԽľʲôˣȻ˵Ļ
ûϾ˼Щ
ǻľ˳հҵδ۹Ӵ󡢲ʢʱ򿴿ϧˣ䡣
Ӷɽͷӳз·һĻ⣬ӯһɫ䵭Ǹ᲻ֱһЩ͸Ȼ
˵ǰ뱲Ӷɽѧ䣬ʱΪβȵʱƽͼ֮谭ն޴ֿЦ
˵ƺŭŭɱѹ֮С
վڿһֱ͵͵ͼɱĸᣬֱֵˣҿɲ᷸ڻë
۾ǰһƬڡᣬĵҩζ
һ̣书ʧֽžϵͱ¡
ҵûݾỹǻû뵽˻ȥʱȴˡ
Ǻܲõģ㲣ƽܴһỹðȥɼϡ֥͸ںתˡ
Ů˷·ܻ̤˵⣬̤ܽΪûûΡ
ƫƫԹ޻ڣĸԸر̤
߲˵ߵգ˺ܶٲʬͰҲˣͷԳӵĸס
淮ˣ뿴ǸʲôˣΪĸôá
һ·ԹǳõĹעжǸάԼ˲²⣬֤ˣǾò˼顣
һж޹ˡ
˫ۻɢʼ俴һվ£ĮȻƳһۣתͷȥ

һΣˡ
ôҲ˵ź֦ȥ
֦Ʋ죬˶֪²ˣʱײǹڲ
û취˭֦̾ȥֻһܺͱºͺãʱһҪǺúллԼ
£ֱˣū澽̫ҽ
û˵꣬Ͱֵ£һ˾
԰ֽҲ˺ֱ֦ƺôѪˣʱأʵڲȰ
֦ȥȴǲˡɡѰ˼⴫
ϣʲôС
֦߹ȥһֻ˱꽽͸γ彣һһҿ
Уٵɫһޡ̾Ϊֹһʱû˸ȥ
ȻĽ㿴ģϧŮģΰ
ǿˣתػȥ
֦һᣬȴЦˡ
һӦòԶ˰ɣ
֦СŸȥǳɡĨϵˮҺ⡢ҪʲôϵĸУҲҴԣ
ǡ֦ڱϸͣ˳
Ǻͣ½Ųʣôˡ
֦ҡͷǲȰˡ
ôУǵòᣬֻϵġ΢΢ü߶
֦ЦҲԸȥǻȥԡ°ɣġ
˭֪ǵȥˣֻ֦죬ּɫľľģ﷢š
·һ룬ǺȻ뵽ʲôܵ鰸ǰ˺Сֽд˼ֽ֦
ʼʩ
֦Ҫ򿪣ȴס
׼͵ǰ
֦˸ۣǰߣ˼һᣬҲ˲ԡʪ·͸ȥˡ
ڴɨ֦ñ˲עֽһ
ףôֽһСŮˡ
д֡Χչ
дɶ
ûĻģô𣿣
֦߹ȥۣڿڴǻʺְ
⸡ݼ۵Ц
ʺŮǳԾֺ˷ܣŻܣʺĻ꣬𣿻д֣
ʺ￴ңūһֱΪϣջ鸴ǸǡһСŮſݡ
ȻᣬͽŮҲĶһȺʲôɳ񰡡
֦Цֽڵȥ⡣
ǸƵڵĴǽǡ
ڹױߣʬе˵
㿴ҶãϲҾͽȥ㡣
ɫѩףʱۣ˵һҲѲ
ǣңлл
£ɨĹŮ淢ֽ֦ʵǰ
Ŀ΢ֽϴΡ֪ڳʲôһչ
˼룬ϧ塣
Ŀһ漴ƽɿֽ֣䵽ϡ
֦ԣݣӦø˲ǰ
˼𣿡䶢ɭķϣûз㡣ȴһٵؼðּ۾ϣ㻹ٶһȣ
֦һˡ
ԩ£ū澾ûα֣Թָƣѵֲ٣
⽩סΣ䣬Գһ˵ֻ
ԭôѪǳ˼
²ҪŽԣʶŶãº͹÷
÷תͷ˯ŵˡ
ǸõĴʡ
˵е˾һһӣҲͬΡеֻһ棬Ҳֵһ
£ʡѪڶߡʼգˡ
ﵽµġһ˵²ոɽֻ̫С涼벻һֱں͹ʦξȹһˣ²ãѵΪĻῪ𣿡
֦ÿ˵һ䣬ɫһ֡
ﻹʱ岻ãֻŹͱˡ
ˣͷ۵ذ˰ǡ
֦һٲΣת⣬ˡ
ʲôЦ뱧ܱ
ðȷʵ
죬ȥ̫ҽǳ⡣
ǡ֦Ц¡
֦ߺָˣǣЩдҵ𣿡
˼·ڴǰһҲš
ڣΨġ
㣬ɷ񾭳˵˵⽫ͷڱϣЩίصߣһˣ֪֪Ҷ⹬ܺ¡
̲סʣˮ˳ű׻
ƭӴʹ£
ްֿޣ
ǰյץץͷ
̫ҽܿˣŲһĨǸĪ
˻ء
԰Ļȥԡ˯ˡŸо䣬в֪ΪȴȺġ
ϴ裬뵽ʲô鰸ǰдд죬ֱؽֽһˣһֽд
ȵضīǽֽʱдˣܵ޵ֽӴﴵȥƮƮڿϡ
ܱܲԵɡ

 38 

ǳɫص, ȸʯ۾ͱ£ԥһᣬûá
ڴϣŻüϡʱߣȻһֱ
֦緹һؿڴ, һ
, 㣬һû˯ɣ
Ǵ͵صͷ
ǰҲͨҲᲹ, Ҫ˯ˡ
ˮĿѨ, Ϳʼ緹
ôˣʡ
֦֪ͽ, ţ̫ҽԺ򵥿ǵҽ̫ҽԺµĻ, ϤϤʱϸˣʦ
ǲԵã֡ͽ, ̫ҽԺˡ
ȥɻ, ͼͽվԺûȻһ£Ŷء
֦ùã̫ӵº͹µģݼһʦ
֦
ǵĹͣ, ɵڵֻ˺Ṳ̊㣬Ůӽ롣Ƕ毵ƤҶҽȥҪǱ֪ᱻǧеġ
λݣıɣʺﲻƽϵġ֦
һĸȥˣҵʲ಻סʣ
֦ɫ΢䣬Ǵ̿ͣҹɱδ죬Ѿ¿ڻʺû׷λﻹҶʡȻˣ˳ȥ̲һˣϸ˵˵Ǵ̿йصϸڡ
֦Ƕеˣ˵ˡֱӱŴˣ췴Ӧ˵ʲô
̿ͣôǴ̿ͣ
֦˵ձˣе䣬ǲ£㲻ҪŻˡ
֦вޣյǸŮӣʵûӡ
ֻͨˣõΪҲģ˶տһɡ
극̱ˡʯۣûáȿߵһɡ
Ǳǰţ֪СûС
Ӧó˰ɣͲˡ
-
Ӫɢһսոսľ̿˿죬Ľ
ǰͻϮͳ˧ŵöǱӴܡ֮ʣһһ֧󣬾վʤࡣ
ƽϢͣ㣬ֱ׷ｫ䲿²أ͵شն
𱻰աǰʱƴʥԹ˧ƷｫĶɱң
׵ޱ飬䣬Ѫڻɳ֮ϡ
鱩Ű˿۾ãԹʱͷأΧ۵ľʿȲ
͵ĻƽͷǰԸԽհ
ͷҲ׷׹£ɽġ
΢С䵽ȡ֮꣬ǹ
ӣѾ˪ϴĥӢͦΡ
ҹʿǴŷ²ĺѰ֣ӪһƬ֮
Ӫԡ͵һյˮ뵣ӳŽʵš
ۣˣڿԷˡ
Ҫ֮ʣȻʵǸ˳ĺҪҪ

ˣȥɡڴ뵡ҹԵø΢ȻﲻͨƵѹ绨ĺԾԾԡ
ȰǱˣܻΪӭܣȴһһۣЦ̶ֲȲ𡣿ҴѪһۣǰ;
˵Ѫյʱ򣬸òʲôëɡҲòĵ£ҡҡͷӵұȥˡ
ƣ±ɵϣԼġлŮ֮
ˡ
ʣƺǻʹ
ʼ䣬ƺŮϺ
ⶸȻѣҹ˾ѻż˶Ϣţһʣֱֱźʶ
еһĻĻ·ǰĴޱʵ
ŮӵòѾģֻǵһ˫۾
ʪ޷գü֣˿ƺһ˿ί
ǻ֮ȥĽ̡
յرۣ־ڸ´ȥˮ˭֪һƱӣŸеһʪ

ºڷߣӪ͵һӰӡ˸ӽŪ·ˡ
ݵξͻؽ١еĳƺһŮӺһֱͬһˣ벻ӡ
ȴһ΢ݲѡ
º󣬾ʦ٣ؾ׼ˡ
ĸʣԻǻţ˻ôӡ
-
㣬ȥéСССضߵ˵
毶΢Цϯʧ񣬹֪һģҪŶ
СƲ죬ſϣǺ졣
̲סˡС˵վߡ
Աߵʹ˸ɫŮΧסС£ֶһ֦¶࣬ʪ˳Ų졣
СҡͷſǻҲܺˡ
̫ЩǺò׽ϴ棬ٱһˡ
⹬԰ȫǹԱŮ죬û£ֻԱ߿Ц
СȻˣֻľľ
иŮоλʪˣͷһеѽöģ
ŮЦһɢȹӣһصԼλ

ʱչʣһõ˳ֻǡ
˭ܸΪʲôʪģ
һͷֻһ̲΢ƵҺ壬ûӦʶʪܵС֡
˭ܺˣ
ŭ̧ͷֻһȺǧʹ굽ʮ겻ȣŸ󣬻Žأ·ᡣ
Ƕζʧò죬뼥Ц
˯ȥü
ķУϻ㶵ġ
ǸɵӲɣ˵˵ֲ˭˵ģ˶Ű˽
ȻСʱȵӣᵽ޵ݡĸо
أ
תͷѰʲôŷԼòӡ
ôһСʵԱһǲСŮõˣϾ;˻ӣǧѧ
ǵĸ׺ǳסǣȴҲڲסЦ
ǧС˱׾ѵǽ
ЩİڿǼʹų⣬ȴ޷ǵӡ
ȵƳѹϣӿûʱε룬ҪҲͺˡ
ʲôܳ谮СǼٵģ
¼ݵ
̸߳תơݣӭֻš
лԻζ۴
ྲ׵ۺ߳һꡣ£ƽ磬ڸīҡٷ硣չҡҡɶزϡ
Ĵ
ˡ
ü۱𺣬ߵķԶĲҡҷһкЩ΢Įǧ۽ЦԴƲŭ
˲ôˡ
Ǳһ̲ˮһŽһŴӰ䣬ˡ
ҲˣȻѲ缸ǰ谮ֻǵȻʵô£
Ǿʱģǳüֻǰԣδ
Ψ⣬Ҫȥ
ʶһˣԲǰδеݡ
ǣں潹š
̫СվܲˣǺܿͱūͱ
ůָȥ
ǿˮǺͺһԶϧ밮
£óŮ㿤ȥһ°ɡͻȻиŮð
üһۣƳȥһ͡
毡
毴һɫȹӣųʮһ꣬ѳöׯ
Ǿôտġɨˣᵭȴľ
̫Ӵ乬Ӱ߳ʮ꣬սݺնɱо죬ʮҲûκ˸С
ǰǸɵĸҲ˵ĵʵȨǼȨС
ԼȥͺãȻڣϸʣһμʱ
̧°ͣ⽻סҭûп毣ˣݿܣԡºٻ
Ͼŵ΢Цʺǹ£һ˿Ϸľ⡣
ЦһϳʵΥͶ졣毶ס˵ˡ
ʹǸܸıʵ
ҲѡдһС
ԡʱѾȫ侲ϸϸš
ҲΪͻС⼸ļЩģֻǵã׸ж׵Լ
һ֪Ľ㣬¶֪СȻϲģΪ˴˽ȴֱִɵо
⼸꼸γܣԽԽ붼йء
̵毣ô۸СģQBJJ
Ƿߺ޵شһˮ棬һˮѾһ
ҲֲˣͰƢСʱܽпɰԽԽӣùˡ
Сֻĸϻġϲϲ毣ȰСԶ㣬ӽ߶ξͲϸŻ¡
ϴҴҸŵӣСˣЩ˺˵ǶǼʿ
˵ˡԽԽŵ
Ҫ˵СʱҲǴ˵ʲôʲôһӶûСǰԾЩȫǰ״
Լ
ϴ澴ӵطս
̫ӳ绪˴Ἧ۾й㣬Ҳ֪ʲô⡣
˻һ۽

 39 

ǰһվ, ͷ磬
Ȼ˵̫ӺͿøãͥ³УǾˡ
Ůͬϯο§
˭Ҳֹʵ, Сǵϱ, ҲÿһƯ
ҲһôûΪСˣá
䴽һЦ, ߢ磬˱˵۹, 
̫ӲЦ, ϣſ, һݺݺַӭֺãû¶¶ȵû뵽Ȼô׾ЦˣǶŸոһĿ
Цվ, Ϊò㵹, ѵõüᡣһרע·һжأֻһˡ
֮䣬Ҳδػڳĸ˭ǴСںլгģ龰п
ѻȸ, ׷׽˼졣
Сɵá
ʹЩ뻪Щ϶ʥԼѾҪˣĵʵȨͲϡ
ֵȶСﱧϣΣ˳ţɵɵ
޲׷Īôû뵽ذһǸ乬Сأ¸ղŰ￤Χ죬ҲԱ䳰ȷá
˵ģֻСˡֻԾ󷽵λϣ΢ЦȴС
ǿɲܱʲô§Ĳӣǰ˿ϣġ
磬ôÿвѧĽڣøλչʾһ²գʫ裬ա
˱ĥŸδ֣⻰һ飬ԾԾС˳ˡ
üһ¶ιԣ峺Ȼдˣһж㡣
ǿ޳ָһʱȴˡ
Ҫնңȥ巵
Ц⣬һۺ૵кѣֻҪǿڳɵ籣֤ӴٲΪҡ
ָ˹طգĶһһӸ͵ߣͨӡ
֪ŵǶſӸˡ˿˿𣬱ζʱȴζֻͬ衣
ָȥϵĲɫסû׼ϢͻȻ룬ȫΧ
ǵĵһǣ־忹ܣơʱֻ꣬ǵǺܳңԼɳĮˣɼȼ
ôˣǰ֡
Ȼ񣬺Ȼ˫һۣһһ˦ֽ¶°ϡ
޳ܣ޳ܱɣʱǾôӸϣǲҡ
ڵη壡
⧲ѾĻֻèƵģһΣΧ˶˿ŵؿ
̫ˣֱǻڰ
ϸ£մͷȴΪ裬ʵôˣĲ
ǲֵûʲô쿪ʼɡƵģҲġ
ջͣ˻ƴǫһһСѾϽһֻĺӷǰЦСŮλݣһЩģϣϲ
ϵ֪ʳ¸ؿһۣӣϴֲڣһӦġ
ŮμʵףûбĲղ׼˲Բһѿּλø
ٿǺ廨ʮɫСĵģʱʳָ󶯣һͽ
óԺóԣǺĵؿޣһһգ۾ͳԵòˡ
ȻãʳٶȴʵˣŮǶŻˡ
Ǿҵҵصҹ㣬ͷҪݰĻģڣ
һԵóԵľͻЦۣ¶ľѡЦúϲ£죬֪ȷʵóԣ㻢ڶʳһ˳
Ȼɫζѡͷ˸ϽطŵϷ
Ҫֺ̫ӣҪֺÿǡ
λ˫Ⱦ죬ܵĲߣ˵ʲô̫ӵֵȻϲԺЩ͵
λݵ˶ЩѿսһڣϸŵĵУ˼Ұ㵱أ涪μҵ
ֻһ˵û룬ǵһۡ
ôô۸Ůӡ
Ծ޵ݵλЦҼˣлԺһԵֽ̡
λһҲŵؿǡ
ôͻȻô˴
Ӧеǡ
ſ۶Цգλĵ׷ͷЦˡ
⻹򷽲ųƵμҵŮλ㲻һ𣿡
һűЩˣҲûʲôµģͦŮţпɡ
ãһڵ֣˵ˣ١
СͶȴһ־Ӹµ֮ϯĽྶͥ˲ʱȫĪҲӡ
ⲻش
ٱ̧Ŷȷʵˮ
һϣȴСԵɵɵգۣǷתͷ⽿˵⼸ʧߣţҺˣһҾ˯磬νÿҹߡ
һ˲˷Ц̲סðҲЩЦͷ
ɫ׽ǿЦЦӣＷ֣ΪǣǳŮ֮ҡ
ģ㲻
º󣬱֮ǰЦӵĺվŮ뿤ʫ
ţԽм
ôֻðˣ˵Ĵһܳô˻ᵱѹԼһ
ͱϾСһǿʤзâ̫¶Ǹ˶ܿʲô
ĸǳ⣬̫üʲôҲ뿤ʫ̵ܽúð
һҭͷ¶µģ˵ֵ̫̿ӿˡöСպصϼӹ̡ܽ
ۣԸСƽϣȻĳˣֻô󷢴ȱӦˡ
ǰ˰֣۵ͯСҲûʲôǵСƤ
⿴⻰˵úСƵġ
źõʫˣһ㲻죬㻹ûǸʸ񡣶ԲϡǾ͸һףɴۡĿѡ
þһۣ㣬ѾǺ֪νˣӿһĸס
״ǰǸ󣬶Ϳ޿ɵӣôͻȻ˸ˡ
ϲòֻõ˵ͷȴϰ¡
Ůʫˮƽʵһ㣬һҲȻ˵õĿǿһıȹȥˡ
õ׿ϣ԰һʫ
ðЦ
˶εسĬˡ
ۺöã£û˸ҿû뵽νˮƽɽޣƨͨǷںмҲڼﱻĸò֪ߵغˡ
մմϲ̧°Ϳǣôʼ䡣
ţһǱԼĲŻ޴ˡ
ѻȸ˶֮ǰԴϬСε
ʲôû˵ԼҲǸĸסĸӲǸĸͷıڳͯӰġ
иôɰСԱ߿š
һסӽǾޱôٴ죬
ʫȤ⻥ԣȻ飬ʵ»
Ǻؿ˶¶ŵɫΪʲôĻôˡ
ˬ¶
毵ͷ˿ڲ裬һĨмЦ
ز¶ѩ
ȿٳ㣬һǾеһŮ
˷ĵؿʼʺƨ
ûʲôرķӦǱ㣨
ܣôڳʫһԼģ
޷ţƲסѿڶﾪĸ׺˶ˣһʱ֪ת
طܵϵѸۣ
ӣһˡ
־Щ˷ܺչ̧̫ӣֻ̫ü串һ
˵ʶʧԣȻ޴ĹˣɫĮȻߡ
ҪڣͼԵС˶Ʊһ˹ȥкüͷ
Сһ
յأˮüͷʪһƬ
֪𱰵Ķ뿴㣬Сצָֻըë
˷ӦѸ٣µϢŭȮŮշջԴδȫײ˿ȥ
˵˲뿴ҹСˤң亹乣æһ϶Ů뿪ˡ
̫ˡ
ΣΨֱ꼰㡣
СȻһ
ԣˡ⽫ڻҡҡͷš
ǲӲһ
磬ֱһĸԹԡ
ô˵ջˣ˴ŮԲ֪سš
ŭ־壬ͨ죬һ亹̲סŭŮһƣôִŮҪǿ̧֣ȫҶҪΪ꣡ƽ̫㣬ȥԺҹȣڰ꣬úԣȻԺļҸȢ㡣
ö˵ģ𾪵ǣһοĸ˶ŭһʱǣ˵Ҳŵúޡ
˵껹ݺݴ˴Ůͷ룬ǰС˿նҪȥ
ʵǶֻϰˡ
ǲʲôˣǺö˵һðֲԼͻȽ˽
ɱһͬһֻϣ⣬ѧҽβ֮
԰ΪάƽߣһҪһ㡣

 40 

˵Ǿޱ, ŮƽŪЩݲݣЩˡ
һŮվǴҵǧ㡣
˸͵һļСҲ绨񡣡
㺬һЦǽһ軨ᵽǰ, ̺, ̬вʵƣȻͨݿɱġ
˶ס˺, ݱбĻ֦ţԽĵұ, ٻȻʧɫ
˵Ȼδɵ, ߵ̫⡣
һʱŮж̾ɰ, ϣǿɲȾָ
ǻؼϴϴ˯ɡ
ûעڻϡǽ޵Ļ, , ˣԷθ̾ÿǸˡ
ʵЩҪ͸̫ӵģ˭ÿڷͷʢء
ͷһЦҪ˵, Ϳ̫ӵ̧һǾޱ
ꡱһǶ۵Ǿޱժڿķ䡣
һ˲䣬ԼڵѪֱʹ޷
ʳҹߵĻ
Լ᲻һ£ͱôشݲˣ
۷ڣЩվȣץ½ǣҧҧ⡣
ҲһƬϧꡣ
绨κĺ
ȻҲסˣһصͷܺÿ
Ӧؿڵһơ
ûϾԼֹҩݣ֪ҹغڴ
ֻΪһ䡰ÿ˼ҵ̣˼ҵѪܲ˵ض
Ҳ仨˸ܿͻή
Զʲôİ̲סѿڶŷԼɤɬ
Ȼۿֻ۵ӡ
ǽȡ˷٣ͷ˲ֻһҲܣŤӱڱ
˰缦
Ҳ֪Ҳš
ٿ̫ӣûŭƻЩСֱŤһڽʾ֭ôһ
ô˿ţҲ˼̫Ͼ̫ӣӻҪġ
棬½ǡ
ǵȻ
ȣǹ³çˡ˻ӣնСһЩ
СĵҪְ֣ɣ
һһᣬһ仨ֵЦел
Ůѧ˽裬Ϊλˡһѭȥһ޳Ůվ
毵ĵС毣Ĺ㣬оĽģмġ
һӣ׼ɫȹڷڣЦˬ
̧ͷͬʱźۼشӵϼһСʯͷ
۵ͷ毴ŮϽһ˫
ʵСҪʲô裿
˻ӽƷ֮ȻЦӡ
ǰ֮ǣ毲óȻǵ鷳ԽˢˢøС
ĸ赶ŪǹüŮɷȱϵġ°Ϳϻ޻ۺɫܾǰҲôĽ毡
ϧúһΪ˸ײϡ
תͷΪֺʣӲ֡һۣëͶ³Ӱӡ
ߡ
磬ÿ𣿡ͷʡ
һ㶣ܳСӣݸЦÿ춼ܺÿ
Ľòÿ
Ŷ˹Ҳδ̧û⡣

һץ˰ѹʷŽĵؽһֵ˵ʯͷ˲ע⣬һµɨĽ⡣
ȷˡ
ֻǰһŶһ죬𶯣ʯӷϱյ򷭣СĴһĿڵ⻳Ӳ
ôˣһæס
ݼ䣬һʹصǿĽңˡ
ü֮ɨۡɫ࣬Ѿ˽
֪ǲҪû뵽ôҪ
ǰЩ߹°ϧëмҪʲô˵һǣ²˵ҪǸҲһõĶǰ
Ϊѳӣ毵˲ٿӣҲûʲôû뵽ھȻϡˣ
ۼ£һȺΧ꺮ůϯ˲Щҡ
ҧֻȹʾûڱ⣬Ǿû£һǹġ
һ
毣ôһ
һ¾Ͱˡ
̫ҽˣӷҡ֣磬ÿ̫ҽȥˡ
Ҫ˵ȴһЦôУһҪúü顭
ϲ˲廰üϣҲŶ
ֱֱ毣۾΢ľϡһЩӡ
毵ۣʧˡ
еʱĬĬΧ۵̵ļ֡
̫ˡ
һ仰Ҳ岻ϣֻܿһС޷졣
߰ɡǺȥʱһ̾Ľ׼˺ܾðɣ̫ϧˡ
ǣʲʣҪҪȵˮʵ
ǼƺҪԼһߣڷòС
ǻǸСⰡҪʱӦ
Լȥˡ
ⲻԣɸ
׼ҡѿڶɪһ£Сĵع۲ɫ
е³ġ
áסŲվԭĿȥúϢ̧ͷܿϳ
˳ָˡ
ôˡ֪ãҪץʱ䣬ɲٺˡ
磬ɣл˵תͷӸ¿׹ںͰī
֮֮ȥΧƵȻͷͣ䶼ϸߣɺ
ӦһüЦ괺ȥˡ
̫Ϣֱǿиɡ
㾯㶼ôȻˣⵯ˵СԴ
ͷڱϣ־롣
Ȼٵˮ©ȻӲ۾ֻԼɵ
˹⽫³ڼͷŵýסһŵطļ硣
ڲϡ
ò˵Ȼеϲıٸ߸ߵĸо

⼸Ҿȥ棬ǵѹģҾүҰġ
ŶĿģĵʡ
Ƕⲻһµ̬ȺܲĵȰŻʲô˽⣬Ҫġ˶٣ֲҵҲܾš
ͷϸ
Ŀ⻹ͣҲҺӡ
ͷŵϣȻоһֻͷϡ
ʱ룬ӦóܸˡૣԤҪ˵ʲôõĻ
ôǵûøСˣɻ
˺𣡣
Ťִ
ңŤͷſ˫ۡ
һ㶣˳ؽ
һ磬ݺסͷ
Ȼצģȴûʹʲô֡
Ȥط֣ЩصȻûСʱˡ
Ҳһ龰˵ǲ£ȴѾĹˡ
ǻǺʱһ˹ıӣ
ҲûϵԺֻҪ뿴ԶҾͽ㱧
ͷһᣬҪҲأ
⿴ʳǵķΡ£Ƶһֻȸɹ
ǾߵߵĵطȥȻ
ǵŮб𡣡
Ŀֻصϣͷ濴ֻҪҪҶὫ㱧
ƲͷһֿڵᣬԤѡ̫𣿡
һܶ𣺡ô
пλ㣿
ǹ۲ɫֻ·ϸһȻҡͷûС
㲻ЩҲûˣ
ȻƵƵμǸŮӣһ
飬һˣ
˭ô֪ھӪﻹܼŮ
սˣżȻµŮԶ󿪣ͣ
ô£һ顣
״ĵصҾ˵ԥãӵеѡ뾭ͬ⡣
̧üЩĪ
Ϊʲô
һѡ˺ҷô죬˭
ⲻǼƺɣ̲סѿڲҼ㣬ҵġ
ʧЦͷãţϲһҲϲ
˵˻
оһԼϣͷһС˫ۺݺݵ
ôˣܾǽ֡
һ飬ʵǵûˣ
ⱻסҡͷ
ȴĪĸо
ƭˣյشһ£ȻŽˡ
û뵽ʱˣ˭
ͷ·ȻǰϳּӰӡ
ݼ¡
̧ͷʿ˶ӦĽ
ǣȻȥɡ̸档Ӻ˵
ǺߺſЩˣʵ˭
ǺһĽʿ
ЩȾ֪̫ӵ۰ãŲһ񿴵üĿ׺ͣƽɱȫͬǲ⡣
п档ǵ
Щ⣬ǵͷתͷǵúտظˡ
Щԥ
ߺ󣬼ΧС޴롣
ǵѪӲӣϵɽ»𺣶û⣬ǣС棬һĪչ
Ǵֵ̨£иñȽϺƵЦŵʲô
лҳƵʵǸ̫Ӹ߶ˣ
һŴ˵¸մӾʱǧ򳤣ʱҽʶ˵£űΪ
ЦŶȭλ嶨й֮ҲҸ嵨̫֮Ӹ࿴
ܳæˣб֮£εºܵһ塣
λ粻ؾнǶǺ̫ӸӢۺúôˡɡߵ̨ס
ȻҺƽƽҲȰֱʵ̫ӸЩΣ
Ĭ˺һᣬǲЦŻش𣺡úܺá

Σضǣ֪̫Ӹ磬϶˵Բǡ˵ʲôԣع˼ɣǲƭҷҡ
ֹ˰Σ֮ǰǸ곤ĵ¶Լ̡ܿ
֪Ա˺ݣԼݡ
ǰֻΪǸ̬ǴСÿ࣬һҲи
ǶһλȿˣҲһһλֳеԺ
ǰڰ֣ҲĹʲôˣȻǸ
ʡܹˣ
Ӿ⣬Ǽҳ㷹οԵǲϧĺݾÿζľ
֧֧ģǱ㲻׷ʣ˻⣺ˡչ磬Ϊѡ̫ҿ̫Ӹ֮ˣǿ֪Щʲô
һ£ҡͷ
æµʱʶŮӡ
Ǳ˵̫˶ܾ£˼СͣҺԡ
ü棿
ްԡ
⵹ˡ

 41 

ʲ, ЩйǱ飬ǲûˡ
ˣЩ׼̫Ӹ磬ȻЦҵġǰ֤
бȴԺ鷿ʱ, ССһ̨, Ÿ֦ϵϡɫ΢ġ
ǵͷŲ漴һ˫ѥͣǰ̧ͷ, Ѿ
лҪ˵ǵ
ⲻ⣺Ǿ˵ɡ
ǿ˿ΧĬĬŵӣ, ȥ鷿˵
鷿, ֻˣǿżɽЩ۲, ֺϵ򵥡𿴺ںֻǸʲôӵܣԶȱ¶ҪҰģпܺҽϵһˡ, ҵĻпܻ֮ˡ
ȰȰ˵һ, ֻ
ź棬ѸӾļƲߣ
ǽ죬ô˸һ⸩ϸ
ǿ鰸վ, 򴽲еš
һ磬Ѿǣ
òа˰ɣ
⻰ȻǴһֱʱ˵·ϡҲ޵ǡͳ˲ͬ
ֻǣʼţʲôԣΨһˡ
峺ůЦսǰһһ⣬ӣڵƤȽһЩûһ覴ãиɻ
Ǵǰôû⹷ʵһÿġ
аһ㣬Ҫɫԣ
û׷ʣֱͷ
ϳˣ˭ⶼȷĴġ
õô࣬зִ硣˵
ǣǴ鷿Ƴſںŵĸϣ֮ǰˣϯΪβڿտ
û뵽Ὺʣǰ֥ѲǵǸˡɫһףæ¡
ūʧ𡣡
µġǼæ
Խϵ£ѵҲˣ
ͳŭѹýϵͷҪ͵ȥˡ
ūȥ췣Ҫϥ¡
ɡǺȻĿƵϣҲһ㶣ŵ̧ͷ
ڳˣҪĸˣԼȥɡ
ϵѪɫٳ龡ſڣǲܽܡƮƮһ仰·ȥʲộиһĺ
ū֪ˣܸū߰
ǹ˲ԱˣҲŽϹ£֣һݡ
ס
ǸߡʱֶʳǴģΣķǳǰȥһƬãԹðȡ
鵭ȻԶ㶿Ҳ̧üΪ졣
ϻľعţֽ
ΨһĶҺõˣء
۵˸
ȥɡ
ҲҪúõġ£ȴﲻСһֱ缺š
ţɷнµصͷȻͷ⣬գЦء
ϰлȥıӰֱʧϻġ
ͷϴĴУͷ
һᱣǵġ˵ƽͣһľֳ
ͷ˿ƲߵܺԼˡ
æڹ񣬾ڼңǸÿֻСһˡ
ӽ쿪ʼÿն㡣ʱ˵
˻˵лġ룬û˵ⶼںο´ңֻʮˡ
ˣ˵ǰܣסʢұϾи൱ȣӦӡ
ͷ¡ûϴ˽¼СȿǾСȻҴõòԾ棬Ȼúˡ
̧ͷȻѪʵԺ޸ô
һڣе㷢ǱʶﻹǺ¡
ǰź˵Ҫ޸ȣǱķʽˡ
룬ϲͺãȻԶڱȴҲ˵Ȳʱձسɴи
ǵɴ۾ͷʺš
ûɣ⣿˵ֵиֻ
̫Ťʵôˣ
ǵ룬Ҳڻ̫Сˣ⻹δŮ֮飬ֻǽá
Ҳãȥɡ
ֻǣ̲ס棬һֱã鵽Ǵʲôʱʼʵģԭʲô
-
ǵڶ컹ȥ򸮣ܲҵʯۡ
뵽ģȻʵʯۣӦҲС
ÿ춼ΪԼĻǵޡ
򸮵ūŶԹĳѾֲˣԺ
˿ǵͻȻá
һһΣȴʵʵꡣ
¿ʼΪȺΪ˽ȵǣȥС°ӣͦ
ΪͿԶǳΪеΨһû뵽
һס
ʲôʹǰһ޶ԡ
ﲻԣΪʲô磬ö࣬ãȴû
ֳһЦ㲻ʷʲô𣿡
Ƿ˸ۣ롣
׼õ˵ҭ˺
ǲҪزõͦãƯֽû뵽ô࣬꣬պϴպҲС
ɹؿ毵ˡ
ͦΪʲôҪôߺô꣬ѵ㶼ûⰮ㣿
x2
Ժ󣬱ʶ⣬ãҲû㣿
x3
˵žȻеΪһˣڰԼŪȥΪֹˡ
ǳ˳飬μһЦʹǰȣ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳǣͷǣٻǰһû˼
ڶһ춼Ǵģ˵ûˡ
Ծͷſػ
ǱòΪλύ壬״ǲ˵ģҲ޷ú˵
ճû߼Ƴһ֯۵ӽƫš
һϳǺ顣
һŮ籾Ů˦ԭϲˣһǮҰĵĴɣŮ֪δƷԭŮ۷塣
һ仰м顣
ǲ̾Լֱţȥдϧˡ
һ毸֣ǰӽԼ⣬һ֡
ߺߣһ벻ҪԸŮ˵Ĵ
Ǿȥʯۣȥٺ
Ŀģ˭Ҳ뵽ɱǹ
ѭż䣬Сáʯȵ͵ıӦñ⡣
ò󣬵ڹֻ㰸Ϲż裬
̫ˡ
һ˵˼ҵķﶼң
̽صãתת̨ܿʹһš
ģ͵ĸо
һ˵Ҫǽȥ˿϶ᱻſһᣬػָԭλԺ׼
ԭ·أŷŲ֪ʲôʱˡ
ϡӰļը
ΪץЩû뵽Ͷˡ治֪˵֪η毵Ц洫

ҲνΪԱϯض
䳰ȷ˰죬Ȼĵģ̲סʣô˵
˻Ӧ
ΪŪҾͻȥ
Ѿǰܶγˣҧȥֻſڿء
ʵֻǵѣýҲ֪²һ˵⣬Ȼõү׿ϡ
ץȻΪв⡣¹ȥö࣬ϰΪˡ
ˣҪԾȵġ
-
ʱ׼ʱ΢
£֪ΪΣܾ÷ҡ
ۺ⼸ն˳һ⳿ۡѲˣ󳼵һһ򽻸
ûã⴫һƬҵĽŲ̴ӡ
һ
ȥбǵˡ
ϻ¶ɫҰס
Ͽȥ˽·ְʹ̿ͲãŷӦǵɽٻصԭʱѾ֪١
ᣬšˮ
ɫæ䣺ѾȫѰ
ͷĦ౾ʵпп̿͵
ܡ
ѰȫǲǼ׵£ʱ̶гɰǧ롣ĳ˳ǣǱǴ롣
ֻܼϣץˡ
ʱûдʧְĻǴֱȥʦ
Ʈţëϸ꣬ʪϽ塣
ү˵̫ãԵſڹӭûȥֱӿżɽӿȥ
үվһԵŮ
ɻͻȥˣ²֪𣿡
⵭Ƴһۡ
ʹһ磬毻Ǳ赭дһۣëȻ
ѵûлȥүڵļƣֵĪǻɱѿ
ⲻÿɷ
ү˸롱ƣǲţѲ
Ȼүô˵ˣ˶٣ӶԷɫүֽճȭϻ̩Ȼ΢Цȴѹ
µȻүԵ޹ʿȻһЦҲԵ
תͷɨ򸮸߰һ¥ܣһߵʧٷͬСɣүҲѰңҲϴɡ
үͷȻ
һ˼ܾЩֵֹġ
ⲻִݾߵˣôڵʡһ˲ɶ󣬱ɴɱҲŹ
´ҪʥżȻ˵С㣬һ𡣡
毺үסˡ
˭֪ҵˣ벻롱毣ǻ֪⻳ǱץˣҪ毣˸ôαĽڣǹ󡭡
л£ֻǿϧҽ岻ʣȥɡ
ҪˣȴҺദ
ðɡ΢΢һЦٶԡ
һ㶣ıӰ
Ȼô׾ͷŹ
ֲԤԽԽǿˡ
毺Ȼʯͨˡ
ǽݷãҪĿۻ͵
ʣʵע⣬ѾǱ
˼ֱһޣ

 42 

ûȥ˼
毿ЦЦ, ԽûסүүҲ˲Ծߵʹ˸ɫӵ˵ͷԺȥ
»ʲôָ𣿡үδ䣬ȻӺԺ, ӭ潫Ӿ͵ظɱ, ½Ȼһ·Ѫ
үȻ㣡
űߣ, ûҵ
ɫȻдһ˿ɱ
毼ֱ, ֮ŭ, ʬѪǧ
㻹һλ, ˵ʵûһ˿¶ȡ
үϹսҲսķɱޱ, , үʧ˵
غץǡ
үɫ仯Ц˳£лú˵ҪŪơȷʵڸϺúõģֻ¡
ⲻ͵شĻҪ
毶, ȥȡ¡
¾ڴˣҪػ𣿡
үӲӲֻܽȥѺǵĵط
·һƬţȻһūŶûУ֪ǶǱɱˡ˷ãֻŻ󿪣һӰҲûУſڣȻѾѲˡ
⡭үˣæ֮ͣǰġ
ү󺧣ڷӦ
ǴҪǿûץǣҲŹǡ
֮˯ҵһȨʱջˡ
ס֣
ͷһꡣ
ؼҷ뿪ģӦѾˡ
ûзӦȼȰòǣҲʥжᣬ˼
ãýȥȷϡԶܿ
ڸС
ôܣȲŵ۾
пڷ˵Ű˳
ѵ·ֳ£
аûڣʱȥͺˡ
ĸˡ
ó˵滰ôǾģ
-
ȷʵȵİ˳ȻҵһСƿʯۡ
ֻǡ
ûصſĻ
һԤвȻ֪ʲô⣬ɷ˵Ҫ
е㷲ܾʲôҪ
ڻʹһǺü죬˶ͷĹ澣һ˶
ôԴС
죬Ǿװ
ɵϻûʼչ¶ݼǺȻһȺںأš
ͬʱᵽһ˿սζ̲ס߬ȭͷǱʶﺦ
ܾκϤ
´ȥſִ춯漴һƿš
ɫ·ң˾ΣաǶڱסһǳˡ
Ҳ˵Ļַ졣
Ȼĸ״εȥ
⣿ԣѾ̫ӣҪƹ
һ˱ӣק߬ǵͼ磬ǸоҪˡ
Ҫޣ֪𣿡
ԭԻԼˣץ뻽
ûзӦֿʼ
в
±һ£ӻóһƬԷʱһ룬ġ
ûзϱһѪܵĿӡ

ǳû´ſȥֱӦĻץס˲ˤڵϡ
˴פǰȷһ´ס
˳Ŀ⿴ȥһףѪл۵׼
ƿĿ⣬ʹѧҽģܶˣ¡
غΨһİŵˣֱҲûõġ
㿴Ҹ˸Ůķϣһշްն㲻ɱҡˮżձߵѪǵǰԼš
ЦˣµҾ͸ɡָ̧ǣֻǵһūĺӣǸʱʼͷˣź˵ҵġЦҴδ㣬𣿡
ĬĬΧ۵ǣ
ǣԹϳԵԼˣ
ʹ֮ǰͻԼǲģǶЦȷˣǲ֪ôݴ˿̵顣
Լĵйܶ㽡
õĶͻȻԤ׵ؽ٣ƻЩʲôˡ
ôܡ޷ܵľȻǻ
ǲôѿĳ棬ֻۣƣ
Ǽ٣ĵǰֿЦԹ£ͱɱԩ꣬޹ء
ֶûУҲ̸ʧȥ
ǻָ侲һƬпǡ
ǵûĶ뱨
˵Ǳ˵ŮЦЦ
Ṵǣۿʼֻһ˲ѡҲĺӣǵĺӡתͷЦùɡ
Ȼ
˵ʲôĿѡ
ô꣬һֱչ˱Ů˵ĺӣȪ֪һοġ
ܣƭңŭŻҪ
ɲܿ
һƻļ磬ﱻͿյĿһ±㵹ˡƺ뷴һſȴŻѪ
Ұ׵ӳܽĻ⣬˫ʧ
ǲȥȻһڴϣ˻ΪԹŤ
غ֣ȥϣŮҲϣ
俴һ۾뿪ˣǻɱ
ѾûˣϵԽԽʧȥʶǰģ

·˺ܾãΪԼҪһεʱ򣬺Ȼҽһϵʧ
ѪǴںţѪǰ
һ߿ȻǱ
һѪɫÿ£ȴػңֻûеǰδеĴ·ԲͻὫŪ顣
⼸Щ޴룬⼸򸮣үǰͽ͵뾩ǣɺƿأ档
ʱӦΧѾȻ˳Ƶǻ
ǣ
Բ𡣡ⲻԼһ˿˻ô
һΣȻ֪ȡᣬֻо΢΢
ܾǰǶӡǺ¡Ͽֱ壬ĸҲû˵
ǱؽɵΪԼҪ衣û뵽ԽԽÿ춼ҪǸȻÿεǸϲ¡

ͷؿڣʲô˵
Ѫڽ
ûоãһŵѪĳһֱת뿪Ļ̨ϣһ±ѪȾ죬µ۾ɵüеĺ޶δˣĿ
ǰ½ǵʪѪʪ妵ա
ţǸоܰȫ
Ʋͷľ󡣹һ֮ǶϱڲԫʬɽѪ
ǿӲͬıڹ⴩Ӧҡ
ҰĵˣôŹ֮λأ
ʹġΪ
ǰ׷һ
·ֻһƴ
ǺȻ֪ΪʲôԼСʱһӡҲûˡ
ΪЩ̫ˣϧ־һ顣
ֻڵѾ㹻ǿȥһˡ
Ѭ˫۸ɬʹǱۣ⻳
ص˴ǰ۷ʲôģڡ
Ǵǰɽʱ򣬺ֻܲĻɳΪԶһˣҲԹ꣬ɴĻʹ࡭û뵽ԭĵ׻ǻְݡ
ʲôʱˣʱء޹˼ɵԷɵκεطȥҲͣͣ
-
һֻۣһۿ۽ǻ䵽޷ϣǵ㡣
͵ûôع
ͣôͻȻػˣ
ʶóµʯֱۣ˯ȥ
ʹѾ֪ǻ̲סΪǸ˵ǡ
ˣ˯ȥҲһܽϣ׼ٻȥ
ƺ֣Ů滽ɻ
һţһʿ
Ƚá
ۣмĹŮ̫඼ЦĪ⣬дŵζ˻ɨ㡣
Ůλµ԰ᣬǶҪ̡
Щ̫æңȻ˽ʲôӡ˼Ҫͺʲôǰ̫ģһˡ
ɫˡߵ԰Ѿõòˣʴ˿ʰ쵵Ĺһյһյյѩ
һ˶ͣϵĻ
ϣɨء
ϣβˡ
ϣѺҼɽȥ

˷ǺģǿȻվԭأʹôס
ô£أˣߣӾҪѵ
ǻûüչ֣˾ͱ֦¡
񣺡ùá
Ǹ̾ǰûãһ֦á
֦һѵǣҲʲôϣϹ֡
ѻȸͷؼԼ£ź֦ùδ毡
㣬վ⣬Բˡ֦
Ա͵ūһЦ۷⣬޲¶
ʿˮأû⣬һˣҸǧҡ
֦һתȥˡ
վԭأһ˾ͳһ¡ﲻʱһԼ๤ĳֱ֮벻ͨǰׯôͱ⸱УǷˡ
ԣҨôһ׸Ͷ̥𣡡
˹ؾ׽ţܹ֪ⶾܲߺʳˣÿմôǳԲǣǳԲġ

 43 

Ȳϵò, ѾŵòˡȻһˣһǴ֪̾õģԾԾԵӡ
߿ħצ󣬲Ҫ֪㶯ţܻ
㬵ҵʱͲöˣ
㣡ﾪŭص, 㺦
ô, ˵ʲôˣ˾ˣͦزҹ, ҾǱҹôңʼ
, ﱻû, ɫ˷ף˷졣
ýūҲĿɿڴ, һμŮܵڰҹߵģǲôڮٱ¡
Ҫǡ
, Ƿż, ڸƽ͸оΧٿرͣǱֱð
ֲԤУϾŮ, һһжҪأȻпܾͻᡭ
ͻᷭ
ǻû꣬Ϳعһأݼ£ݼ̫ӵ£¡
ƭ˵İɣҪôûͨ
ǵͷиϤӰӣʮ켷
Ӱ˿ȴɢһּǿѹ˶á
Ťرۣתֻż磬أԱŲһֻţ
û߼ȻʲôǰһǽŰ
ҧŽԇNɪߵ£ԽԽ޷ˣ˿˼ڸģһҪúʩӳΡ
˵ſ˪ɫտڲٶԡ
̧ƳһۣԼɱķ
ֲ̫ӡ
ǲʼ˼Լǰôе˺ȡֵġ
ʣʲôҰ۵ͯһƬžСæס졣
Ҫʧȥ׾˵ɡ
ſϷЦһʮΡ
ɫһ㣬Ӱ˻ΣǼֱܸоѾˡ
Ȼ룬˭ܰ㲻Ҳֱ¡
˺ôһ񡣡ڣ⿪ڡɫһƽֻĥһ
Ȼôϲˣȡ裬Ǿ͸ͷΣ˵ô졣
ŵһ¾ͳˣ֪ԳУæϢŭūӲòʹʧԣʵū澻˵ܶûġ
Ӳã޴̫ҽڳɺá赭д˵
ҭס
ӻأҪôѪȣ
£֦ӲͷƤ飬С̷
⿴һһ䣬ʮеЦ˵ڳɵշ
ˣһЦľ͸ˡԽԽЦЦԽÿþԽݣǶˣ
ڱݣҲñ
Цŭ˭ӣ
֦ɫһףӲūû
ûͺãһ㽫ͷɡ

֦ԣҲֻ֣һ֡ڡ
΢ۣǲá
ҶˣȳԷɡСҡ֡
ⲻûзŹ˼
£վɫأ޵£¿ҵĹϣͻңضϼӿܡ
ҡͷԽȰԽǻϽ͡
ĿͣƬ̣ز뺮֦̬ȶһ˿ţ·վͬһսߡ
ܷ
ŭѾתΪ̽
ָͣǰı֮£
𸸱£üͷû뵽
棬һָ޵Ļʺ󣿻ָЫĳ䣬
˵ǳ̹ǡ
ˣ³ɺһơ
ޣʵ̲ס²ۣҺðɣǿȡỹһҡ
Ǻһֱڹ﹬İģ˵һ׿˭Ҳû˼ˣСҼء
ģ»᲻ǵͷҲӡ
սֲ£ͻȻһ̻һһ쵵زǿաһϲԶ˵ļž
Ǹ̫ӵ׼̻ϲ֣֪˭ôû⵱ڷš
͵͵̧ͷȥһС̤¶һز񣬾ᣬʣ˵ĺع֡
ķʶڵ⼸꣬³ĺ֮ɡ
߹峺ӽף̫ӵˣԸԷ
ӽһ˲ǲǺС
ȵȣϴǲ˵毡
ֿ˿üĿȷʵͺмƣǿٱֻǺϳɣʮ꣬ɬʱձȻҲһ
毿԰ţ۲ݡ
ӽȴһҲû·һֵֻʣôˣôվⲻ
ⲻĬصλ£ŵλõˣ硣
һ仰أ˲ԻæЦǺǵףƣװʲôû
ǳûԶԶġ
ⲻ˴Ů죬ūŴ磬Ȼû毵ķݡҲϡѾòˡ
֦Ϊ˱ӣֻǱ߳Աߵ¡
̵طʡԼĴָͷ֤ҷģҲˣ
һᣬȺūźȸˣһо
ǹԹţҡҡλε·ǰʱ͵ذѾƱһ㣬ˮ
ǹģ
ֻüۣûиоˮõϡ
ʱ߶˸ˡ
ӽߣθݶѱ쾡ʪΪסˡ
䡭ūǿסˡ
ıʧܺ󣬺ӽΪ̫䣬ܹܳûʲôʵȨ
¹Եˮ
Сĵ㣬߰ɡ
ǡ
ūͶ㵽һߣĿⲻʱŹ
ӽ£ȡһŵĻ̌ˮա
һ㣬Цлˡ
ĨĨû뵽մ˲پƣȫĨˡ
Ƭ̣Ȼȷ磬Ц졣

ӽˣʯ۾Ц⣬ȻӸɾˣȻϸ
Ȼм顣
ǾִٵþͿŲסˣΣӽȻúܲá
΢Щۡ
ǿصûá
ӽһ֪֡ǿջЦҿġһۣȻأԴѻĽëɨµӰӡ
û뵽㡣üͷ΢¹иһĵ벻ޡ
峺аǲξͷ⡣
Ǹϣ˵Щǲǲ̫ʣǿЦţܵԽԽԵĿ⼯ϡ
ں£ӽ
ϻػأ˭£
Ѿ˺ܾˣ̾㱻ΪŮʱҾ㣬һֱסˡֱţǣҡ
ӽϽһ˿ΣһֱȾ޳Ĳ
Ҳ̲סȥǰ½͸ҡ
⻰˵㣬˵ȴΪֿе㲻Ĵϡ
毣ﰡôõСǹҪҪǸˡ
ӽȻ΢ЦգգۣЩƤصסˣȥ̻ϲתע⡣
ԭǹȳġ
ϧ֪ѲĽˡ
ӽ޶ԣż֤Լ⣺ֻҪԸ⣬ʱּͻ飬Ѿˡ
ּͻ飿
Ųңʡ
ûôͱˣûʱ˼һڵš
ʲôЦҪ˵ţ϶ȥ֤һ¡
ʱ뷴·
ӽȻһ£΢ɲü漴һŵӣãеļ벻Żϲ
ãȥ±ļ˵վ

ȵȣǼæסŵòУɶʱͬˣ
ӽʪ˸ɻ󣺡㲻𣿡
а
ţԸ⣬ʲôϵ𣿡
ôˣ֦æѯʡ
ƿԣܲ˵ҪȢɡ
̫
˼˵ӽǺڣҪȢҲ۸ˡ

еԱߵĳԹȺڶһĿɿڴ
֦
˼صǡ
һṦô鷳ˣ
һ߱ҡͷп˵
òһûˣ⵹ã
ӽһתҪȥ⡣
Ǽˣסǣ㵽ͼɶѾǲлˣͼʹͼҲϴ裿
ӽûֵֻɫҶһֱ֪ģҴں׵۹⡣㲻Ϊҵ˽ģҲΪԼĴǡٲ뿪ʹ⡣
ǾȻ޻˵
Ͳء°һնˣ
ӽȴƶġ
Ϊʲô
ӽֻܶʵԸΪūΪҲԸ޸𣿻˵㻹عںã
¹ǹ⣬·ʱʯĳ˼ˣ̲ס˳ӡ
˵ӽüĿ䣬㣬ȻǷŲ
ΪʲôҲ޸ΪΪʲôҾͲԼ⣿
ӽһɻش·ǲǰʲôͬˡ
㡭ӽ˲㱡ס⣬ʼΪСѾʮˣԱ㡣
С̲꣬סԼе
ҲҪãҪҾãҵвУ¡
ӽԸߣͷŴ
֦ûȥʰ̡ûʰһᣬͼӽȻϯ¡
һصı飬һּȲԤС
Ȼ
´ͻ顣
Ŷһ˲ţ֪ļǧֵôٳ¡黹
ӽһһݣϼᶨϵϣ塣

 44 

ﾪ
û, ţǰοԼⷢŭվס
ЩĿĴ󳼺ūţ⵹һҲ죬ͷоƣһ澰, Ҳֵּ, ǡ
ô
Ϊʲôӽôȷͬˡ
ΪͲڡ
ӽ¶ϲɫ֣ذݵл¡
˿񿴶ɵƵģȢӲĳЬ, ˵øʲôһ
£²Ϲء
˭û뵽һĻǻü, ⡣Ȼһ˿, Ƿ޽ֹΪ¡
ϲһ, ֮ʲôԣ
ü˶٣˵, ֻšüš
¡ɫס
Ϊ, һ˲ţѾϸˣ㻹к飿⿴
ҭһᣬǵ㣬ʲô뷨
̧°͵Ҫū, ūҲޡ
бڡ
üҡҡͷ̾һ˱ơ
⾹ȻЦһ־֮ĬȤ˲١
ɢͿ߹
û뵽Ȼά毡
ǽ˵Ļȴϡ
£ЩʱŹ˾ǷŹԼϾɱὫԼ·
˻ͬСɣüǳ⣺޺·
Ȳ˵һۣת뿪
ֻϤһ֮ǰ֦϶֡һڡ񿴹ϯȰĻüҲǡ
Ħϸܵ·Խȷţһʲô
벻ʲô£⼸
ңԴŰɵߡϡһһСǣ֣һ·߹ĵƻ
·խƺͷĹԽԵûް
ʱһֻþ·ƵľͷԿڵǡ
ĵ˵һܽȻʵҲûסֻ֧ԼȥΨһ
־һγֵʱ򣬻ۿ常ǰ˺
ڿ常Щļһ𳾷⡣
ΪҲûʲôˣû뵽ô죬·ݣҲǰ
̡
ڻص˳ɵ尢˯£Ȼճȥ˵۽͵ƲŹֽʱ΢紵
߹ȥʰһʱչ
ٿˣ޵󡣡
ϻһСˡ

һֱΪǺ֦Ϊ˰οģǵıʼûôϡ
ڿƺǡ
߬˺񹷿Ƶֽţʵôõֽʣ
ˣǰһһѾ
ǣỽ֣ü𣿻Ҹдܿ
ȻлӦġ
ʲôʲôطͬʱǰдһ߹۲ܡ
·綼ֹˣ̾һЦ
ķ˰ɡ
ͷһ˲ȴʲôʯػ˼д¼֡
ȣü֦


ţأͻȻһʵ£ôˣ
ɨ£һƬĵģʵüտɵߣûм֦毣
룬ɵҲȻأȷʵУ˵ǿдƪʷۣԹҪ
Ȼأ΢оͿҪˡ
ȻȻūžͲ֪ˡͷתƻʣ£ôˣ
΢΢ʧ䣬һ˼ȥЩˡֶСĵ㣬Ҫ֪
ǡ࣬Сȥˡ
£ϸϸ
գܵõϢ
ȴޱȳȲңҲϣֻǾȴδ֪Ľ
Ȼһ֣׽Բصĸо
ⲻǣһĨǳЦһеС
˫ֱʮָĦş̌ͷ¹ս˫ɲУֵϷʵĹâһ˿ݡ
ǰ֪ǹ
ҵȣ⿴ᣬ͵͵һȡЦ
òغһ㣬ҵ
Ȼ
˫ٿȻճȭǽڿ죬ݵֱ͹
Ҿٷ뿪
-
Ǻݺݴ˸磬ûȥǽǡ֦Ҳû˵һǱӣҲˡ
ôǾֽҪٸˡ
ԣǸһŰɡ
˺ֽ룬ҧдúһ㣺㳹ʧȥˣҲдˡ
ٺ٣մմϲؿԼдģ⿴ֽʱӡ
һʹĹ
췢һҲ벻Ĵ£Сϼ¡
죬ͻˡ
Ȼ϶Ҳζ벻¡
Ųļ޸ӽ
֦ͻüᵽӽ֮ûıȫǰվߣס
¼ɵˣܶԺӽ϶Ƕ˽⣬˵ӱΪ˵ʱͼƻãȺӽףҸһ򾡡
軵軵ġ
ǲ⺫ҵĴ⼸ʰʰˡ
ξǱߡʯ̾ȡһ¯룬ؼһ׽ȥ
Ϊӻ⣬
Ը˱˯źȼ¯Ǳͷ˯ȥ
-
ʱǾú䣬Ӳ
ǰǰķ䲼ӵĳ
ŷΪʲôӲ
˯ڴϣǵϣʲôǵĶûС
Ǹ񷿣߰öһ飬·մҳǵ˺ü硣
ôÿδûأ
ϸԼȫһ۶ϵľϸǶɺԵѪۡ
վ˫ȷʹϾıڶۣ޴֡
˭ıӵҰڲ񷿣
ҧһֱСȶʹƺ
ףˡ
ǿԼԱ֮ǰŴ֫ء
ԭǰôƽ
ⲻص㡣ȹں䣬Ȼϸ۵Ƥȫۺͱ޺ۣͷƤ顣
ʱӦɽ˭Ҷ˿̣
Ǳڻһ˲ŪˣֱѪ
ӳǺ󣬲ûн͵ɽ
ϵҵǡ
ϵĳʵ۵ֵܣ˸´ңϴƣͬ׵ģȻһοռ
׼⣬ϣǵĻŵչǡ
Ӧˡ
ʵ׼ҿ϶ûôȻҲɽôΪʲôֱ仯
Թɵ㡣׼ҴúܲãҪж
׼̫ЦʷĴŮҲĽŮˡû뵽Լܻصȥ˼ңҲû뵽˲á
Цô£ÿ첻ǳիʫļǸ
׼һŮǶɽŮ졣Ůһ̨Ϸ׸첻֪ҪϷ
ү׽䣬һѰΡ׽ɥ޺ܿȢ˸⻹и˸ŮᣬС£ĸŮڽǺߵġ
Ժȸ¶ܿչȻþ᲻Լĳ谮¶Ҫ⾩Ŀڽŵס
СʱҲǱݻˣԼھܲͷ˲ί
صΣ˶ޢͷͣߥ޸ѰϷŪǣһһӢ۾Ȼͷİˡ
Ǽֱһͷײ̫ˡ
ѰȻмɫ˵Ҳ𣬵ǺǸ컬У
մǲݲ˵ŵԵʩлԼ
Ѱδ޵áʩҶСʩ÷ѩ˵˴£űһ١
мֲġ
ǿеĶϿڲβ롣
ֻһƽƽľʵԭһ飬ǲǵ㾦֮ʡ
ʩ÷ѩǿӣͽֽȻѹͺͺľ۶ϣֶˡ
ʱǱһϢþһ˿ץסӡ
ֳŰȥ
ȥϷְһٹؽ񷿡
ǺǼʱѾ͸ˡ
һؾ죬ĥǣ
ôס
̫ʧˡǶԼĻι˹Сһ𳤴Ȼֻܿɫˡ
һᣬҲͦҵģϾԼɽʱҲԹܶ
ԼԴοû£Ҳûʲô͵ˡȥȻܽһֺƴãڵܰһƴð
䣬ʹŲһ򿪣ӿ롣
ǲ̫Ӧ̧ۣڵһЯһСǰ
֪ûУ˿ڣʮͣͿ֬ĨۣĽΣ
ǶôãϴȾ˷纮û취ӲգֻʾǵĴĿ飬ҳȥɣҲطˣ
Цһ̧߬ãڼܽ㣬û㡣
°ͱŵĵطۣǵ˵ǣǴǰʶģѾ֪ˣԺض̻塣
üûϵ֮ǰͷţƵһ±ô˳
Ҳ֮顣ֿǣǵԵŮᣬ㿴˵ö԰ɣշһ˺շһһģҪŪ£ٶС
ЦʵϲҰ磬Ҳûʲô
ǵѰĶ磬Ҿͷȥ˵ʲô˵ʲôɵˡ
ҵҶǵıˡ
ǽվƳûʹӣҲ̫šǳתʱֵŵǡ
̫
ǵǵѨ˯һһҹˡȻ·ѵֻʣһٶס鱦Ҳϣϲ񷿡
󹦸ɡ                        
лҪ˵̸լѼ

 45 

ߵǽ, ˺üβȥ뿪ʹҲûѧˡ
һӻ𣬵ڲʱͷһǽ֡
ôûˣɣһ, ȥ
һ, ǰ˿ʯӣһ˹
ֶ˼, ɹعȥ鿴
ǽͷˤһӡ̫, Ų, ֻͷɴ۾
һְѰչȥ, һҵһʡ£ͬʱַɿסһιȥ
Ƭ̹۵ͷۻѨҲ, ·Ҳ, ϵɽȻʰ㲻ѧ书ô
ѭż߳Ժӣǰϼá׸ŵƽ, ҶŮæµ̨ͤˮ鿼䴩޷⣬ǽһ塣
ѰʩѩĶ磬ͷﶼףءϾھ׼ҵĻ󣬸һ顣
Ҫǣлһĳ롪̫⡣ģոɽָտɴʱ׼ҾĹˣѰΨһĶ磬ǰ;
Ϸ̨ϳŰ񳯷Ϸ棬ϱŮӵߣǳлϥ¡
ϷЦеؿϷʱź߼䣬Ȼ뵽ʲôףôûϺ᣿
Ц𣺡Ѿȥˡ
ϧĴ˿üʵˣѾͷҲ
Ϸԣֶ˼ƣմϲֳˡ˵ٻأǿͣõô֣ͷôǱֽ
ȻЦţϷϢŭϱͶθϣӦòʲô¶ˡ
Ϸ˳̾һų૵̫ˣһŴ׼鹣ⶨǵҷˡ
ϧЦ˵ʲôѸߣֻ帣ЩǷڵ¡ģǶϱǲТˡ
һһķߵȻǣҲһƤûС
ǿЦĶŮˣɥ㱻ӻ׼ңիŲ
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ԣһݰ׵һ˹߹Ϸ˰ݵĸ׼ˡ
˱Ѱ÷δʩѩˡ
ϷЦãá˵ſ˿Ǻ棬ʵѩѾͷأ
ʩѩʩѩãʮ꣬йĿ֮ܡϷϲòˣ˵СʱԼ޲һ㣬޽ϱ
أԽԽˡʩѩƽʱ£Ƕ磬㴩˼źɫģɣΧ̻롣
ϷЦСʱҲ̰棬ϧҵﲻãʱ棬ԺضˣҲû˼ˡ
ЦϷϲѩҪиӣȢöá
⻰һѪϧɫЩ԰ס
˶֪׼ҵĴϱ޽ʮˣûһŮ
Ϸ˿һۣӶรȻãҲܺá˵תȥϧæȻеһůԭϷ˽֡
ãǰԼŮۣɷҲûңŮӿĸˡ
ϧգȥˮԽֱͦ˱
ϯϣƹѲȻǼ˵ӰҲûˡ
˳˳ӽβϷŵˣеضߵ˵ջһҪ׼
ʩĸһ£˵
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ϷôЩ꣬˼ö࣬ƽʱȻ׺ͣȴһǣʱĳѻȸ
˶еƣϷǫѷ͵ôȻԴˣ
ʩҲ⣬ЦŷеĸʱҲʱķɡ
һֱѩŮһ۰˶˵ҪϱʵǡϷ˶˶٣һơ
ҺȷռƵļûüģ֮ѰˣֻǰܴȥⱲûæ
ˣ֮Ϸ˿ʩѩСΨѩģÿҡ
ʩϽ˽ҲǺ޳ɡ
۲ؽŮӼ飬ʫʸ踳ҲֻΪȤʹϷøʢĴŮ˵ǾĽﵽײһƷ
⶯£ռʫ̸סʩСʮ꣬Ժǲüˡ
Ϸˣ˶Щ棬ĶЩ׵ͷûƼʩ˲õɫأЦʩѩѩô룿
ʩѩֵȻһֱ֪Ϸĵġ
ѩ磬ĸһ̷ֻǡ
ʩѩ˶٣ֱ̧ͦͷϲ¶Щ֮ɫ
ԶϷأǲܵġ
οҪܾ
ֻŪī֮շҵȹŮ֮ҵѾˣʵûпС
Ϸ˵ЦϣԭΪһˮɵģû뵽
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С㲻⣬Ϸ˲翼ǿң
ס׷ѭȥҹɫ󣬿՝¹һνСˡ
һɫװͷñŸУʮָˣɫ񣬳Ȱ棬¶һ˫ƺ㺬Ц۾ü۽òΡ
ȻȻǸŮӡ
Ǽãһ֮ǰηηβӣȫ˴
ˡ
Ϸ˵ڱСƨܾ£һЦЩʫĶҪ㣬ȻҲ˵
ʱû뵽Ȼһ£ȻҪ©
ԱߵѰʩѩϳɫ֡
˭֪ǿҲһֻۣеݸϷ˵ˡ٣Ϊ˸̫̫׼һ񡣡
˵ĿⲻźۼɨϵļˣͼжԺ
Ϸ˸ص㣬ءɫԻҵǿЦĶŮˣ篵ĸסƲһ޿ƫƫֳּһüĿͣЩ졣
ׯǴϧţʮȻúܺãɫݹͰɹ⻷
ҫ۶ĿľˣǼסˡ
ֻ꣬次һõϵȹѣɴѩ֣ױҲƫɫ˵Ķˡ
λ㣬ҪҪѺڻױŪô԰
ϧȷӦʵǣô
Цеߣ׼ҲӶϵˡ
ϧͷʾѾһӣǸ밲¡
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Ŀ⺬ЦЦȴȫĹ⣬ѰʩѩԼͬض뵽һֻ۴̵ĺ꣬ȻЩ
Ϸ˿Ķ֮ɴ۾۾һֱţܾûôˡ˼˶̲ס쳤ӣ﾿Ǻ
㣬ҵġϷ˲ʣ⣬˶ŵˡ
ǲ֪սһֱռʫ鼮ǱҲĴѰңֻΪǡɲɣյϢԭŵ¾ףǰ顣
ʵǸ֮޳ŲżȻ˷ֵģǰŮףֱϾʵǰ㽫͸˿Ц
ʱЦϡղಡ齣յ֮󼤶µعݣȴһ׮£þͺЦţǰﻹץš
ףͿЦǷС˶ŵڣ־ȤͶЦԶޣֻżŽʱֶ֮Ѷ
ֱϸ£ףķ䵽˵ȾЦһǮ
ƪףﵱʱȾ񼲲Ųף;ĩ·ֿѽǰȴȥϣֻؤΪ飬֮þϵǮֽѪд飬ؤ۵ĳ֮£һؼա
жʮҳ֮Сļźͻ䣬ֻ赭дһȵһ˿Թ
ˣϷشĿڣʹôôĵˣһôӣɱģ
Ϸŵػʮ꣬ǵһô³ƿڴ
ϧæı˳ͣο
ѻȸֻϷ˵ĳ˶ЩΣ֪ԴϯɫˣѰŭʣʲô˼ϲĸ޳
һ޲ƻĶ硣ǣŮˡ
û̾ϢϷˣѹˣҪΪ޻ӣҿɾǴˡ
Ϸ˿˺һŻȻվһݡ
Ҳûϵæ㿪£ʲô
Ϸץ֣еصĸмҪ㣬֮껹֪ܲܿ顣
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ǣɼϺˣʵ
޹գ۾ҡͷ
۲
ϵôܣֻҪǣԼ棬ϰ־ֵ֣ԽԽá
֪ϽǹȴȻһµسڴˣһʲôȤ£Ȳ뿴ˡ
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Ȼֻ˳ôһ˵ûи˵Ļᣬ޴ڿڵѽңһСľˡʹԵѵǵһμϷô飬һֱｫĸˣ⡣
˵źȻʱĸҲ˴мˣϧ֪ںδ
üĿһǳİϷ˲˽ôˣֻϧ޸ĸ
ЦǴСϲʫʸ踳ĽĸĲ飬ԺҪѧǧӷ
ϷæӲӣأֻ˼ҿȤ
˵мį뱰
ϧЦȰϱ˵Ӷϱˡ
˵ЦһᣬϧϷ˻ǵͷѻӣ֪Ǳܵ£ȰѩѾͷСֱͯ޼ɣпģ˭ϣԺԻڡҲӣ˭ĽĲŻء
Ϸ̾Ϣҡҡͷȴ˵
ǵĸӡӹԼֵŮȿвŻѹһ¡£ֻܹԷҵϡ޸˵ŮҲΪŮܵ˵ĳ谮ѡǺӻôСԼԼȦھףΪӹմմϲĸŭ䲻
ϧҲǴҹ㣬浶ʫģȴȻסˡ
ϷҲ벻ؿǣỨ·ֿϣ
ϧϸ룬˵Ҳ޵ϾԼСܼ޸˼ҵĹӹ֪ٿŮӻƷµĳࡣ
ϧ뵽⣬ᰧʹο
Ϸ˵ķ䣬룬һɵ̴˱ǡĹˣ徲أ裬ϰųһľģܿһƬ
˵Ǹô֮ǰȻûϷ밲ôûɲñ۸
ĸƽնЩʲôҩʳʡ
ϷЦŰ֣ӻ㿵ûʲôëҩ
˵ҩֶóԻҪԵġǰ£Цҽѧ˼ҩţĸԣҪϲ
һδŮӣɱˣТľ͹ˡϧ
ЦȻˣָֻѾ
źϷЪ£˳û߼ϧ̲סʵǣ͵ǣûôɣ
Цеôأ
δ䣬һɿԶһȺ˻𼱻ǵظϹ
ϧԣֻڣüȴ졣                        
лҪ˵ǣɶɶУ©һ

 46 

һȺŹļҶܹ, нǰΧ˼
ϧ̲סһŭǷʲô
ɩ˭ҲңֵϷҲҽҪúС/ˣ
, ŭڵشӺ漲߹, ɫǵһϹһ̺ӣͷʪܵ, з죬ǸձŪѡ
Ц, ˭㴩·
ŭɶ, һ˫۵ɵͭ壬ָæϣ˺/˵죡
Ҷ, ǿض㵽ϧ棬ĸҡ
ס֣ϧϾǴˣһû˸Ҳ, ϵҲЩ
ʲôú˵, Ϸ˸Ъ£ϧüҲʶͬСɡ
Ŀڣ˺ü²Żعûú˵, 첻
ǻȥɡࡣ
ǡϧͷȰнпࡣ
ɩ㲻ΪңҲҪΪĨᡣ
һҲд˴ɩ޷졣Ƕϧ첻ˡ
ϺݺݵŴӺƻιһҡ̬
æȥ㣬Ҳ
һ£漴һĴЦ
ЦǰϣţʪһԵؿ
㣬㻹Цӣ۾졣
ЦᶼˣԼϧļ磺Ͷ쵱˵ˣ㣬УЦ˹

ȷʵһ£ֻôʱҶϰˣҴû˸Ц
֪ĸûס۵һת˲ûЦȻȾƵģЦӵϡ
Ϊ⣬촽΢¶̵ЦϧħЦȾˣܿ͵ضׯӡ
㣬㡭ɫֺ죬ˡ
ôЩ꣬Ǹŭԣû뵽һҷϾܰ
ĸŮڲ񷿵ӣУЦˡ
Ҫסܹרҵѵģ
˶ЦʱȴȻЦֱֱȺ㣬
һһ⧲ȴֻ̧̧üңͷȻ
ãո˵Ҫң˺ҵ죬ʶˣûǸʸ񣿡
𲻼˼ҡͷûУ⸮κ˶ûʸ㣬˵ֻһ澡
Ҫˬ졣
һһټ죬ֻһ˲䣬˶ûӦ
һʱͥԺ⾲ס
㣬㣬㡭϶ţŵؿ
ã𸴣ϾػȣһҪ⣺Ǹôأ
תŵϡɫ˥̬ӷסֻ³غɱŮˡûһŮ˵ˡ
ž־һض⣬̶ۡ
ѵϴڵأ߸˲ɫ
Ǵ͵Ĵ㵣һᣬˮѪһ
㣬ңʲôһֱĻãȻԩ
ҵĻҴǰ̫Ѷϣŷ㵽աƽʱôν丩ָ̧ǣ߹㣬㶯ãҶã׸á㲻ҵĻĲԼ׼ҵ
⻰ˡ˵ڱֱҪϧҲȻԡ
ǲٴϸϸԼŮˡ
һĺݾһεֳˣȴѹ˱ʮĵϣдҹϧ
΢ᣬȴʮɱϣõôȸִֶĸԸ㣬÷
׼ôϱ֪Ǹǻ
һƿɲӣ¶첲ϵۣɻ䣬Ƶж˼صͷ
˶Һû򲻺ãҶϲӱɡɡ
Ϊѵؿˡ
ȥ𷢻˸Ҳ
жС㣬ҲɡƮƮز䡣
ϧվ̣ỹСûĹ
Цĸ⻰˵ģѵҾʹˣͳˣ仰˵ʹˣҲ۸ɡ
ŴǣлҳһԽ˾ëȻ
ϧڨڨȻǣǱʶܾܺӦǳġһμʩŰ߻бģ㲻ƫһЩ
û뵽ǻҪŮæšһ֣ŵõһ
Цһô֡
ס죬򵽽вΪֹ
ҶǰŸ첲ܺһֻаˡ
ˣоۡǵ
ϧֻľǰ벻ϻȴ˼ݵĹǾȻһޣ
ǾҪȥģſǸôң
ţոջ·ҧгݵ׵ĺϢͻȻʹһȺ˰Ѻˡ
֪Լʲôĳͷ
ԶԶɵˣǿ·ǱòԼ
ǻλƵԼǰһĶɫװǰͬ
ôˣ
ûعϥȻʹᱻߵù
߱˸ϸõ룬ҿλĸϷ˵ϣֻ롣
㣬ҪʲôõţСɷףԵ޹
ڻްɫ·˵⣬ñЦеǧҪѧҽġ
˵һȥһ㶣ëͷۿɼը˿ŶһƤ
뱻ڣһҪУͱס졣
˼࣬һı鶼ûУ֡ʵҽ꣬ƶʲôû
ͽ͵ţϵ㣬۶Ǿ뾪֡ϧȥҲȰֻܲ
ৼ꣬ɾ֡Ȼֻ룬ҪѨϵļʮ붼ۼˡ
ȥ磬߬ẹʪ°ͣûȥֻǻ鴤ȫˡ
λδ޻Сӵţһȥˡ
˵ʩʩȻȥû˸Ҳ·û˸Һס
û߼Ȼͣס
˵֪Ҫʲô
תͷĿΧȺеѾߡѾɫ԰ף
ǻ߹ȥδߵǰѾ̲ס¡
ǴӼ￴Ѿߡ
ϺָܶƣȻˡƽʱҲģ͵ķ˶ǸҹĲиˡǴǰǸƤˣּ£˵Щʲôŷ
ⲻԺѾôųӻȥΨ²ҵص
֪뿴Ц˿УҿҲ˵ˣĸ·˰ɡ
Ӧ£Ѿɫƴͽϣһıǰ̡ү˵ͨ
ڣ·ʲôǾǼ޸ͼĶ̹ȥҤӣ׼ҵŶã÷ˣ
ҪС֪ˣǲסͷ
Ƿ˦߿ֶԸһŮѾԽݣʲôʱ䵽Ѿ߼ƽˡ
ë˲缦
ǻصԼСԺӣҳҶѻأ뵹ˮһˮҲûС
ļŵĺڰﾲһᣬ޶˵塣
Ǽһʲôʱ
֪˶ãȻһO@ĽŲæһĨ
ӴôһյҲûУūˡϷߵŵ߹Ѿߣһڵȥˡ
ٲ붯ҲЦϷ˸˵ҪѾߣǰѹ￴ñŮס
δ䣬ѽ֡
ǿȥֻһ֦չѾŤ߹ЦҡҲƯѾߡ
޼/Ȼˡ
ãֺáޣۡ
Ǽǵ͸߿ǵ־硣
ְ˵˾ƿзļӡ
һƾżɫ֪׼˶ӡƶ˼ҳ֪
ûʹƽʱϲˡ¡ˣµġ
ǻûڣ˫ˣϧߵ
ؾصظֱ⣺ū澸ֵѾ
һתϷЦ¹еѡˡ
ǱƲ֣һ¸ЦˡһȦϧıȽϺ⡣һһ¶е֦ͱ硣
ƣԸ£ԭϷ˺Ͷˣū澽Ǵء
ȴæ񣬴лϷˡˡˣһúôǵġ
𣬶ʣ⣬ǶҪ
ɬͷ
Ҿ͸ҪСӲѡ񡣹ļ⣬߲ܣ
ѾߣӪԺԿϷԺˡ
ͷɵʵ⣬õôˣ
ִָҲ̴㣬¶һѾߣܹһˡ
̴㴦䲻ȴסˣʮֻ꣬Ǹս͵ȵɨѾߣʲôôһԾ˴Ѿߡ
ãū澲ᡭ֡
ǵѧųֲ㡣
˵֮ǰԵĸŮıԭѾߵ³Խɫס
Ư㣬Ȼֻƽʱױ磬˵˵ЦƾС
ǹ⻬Цӻһɫ竣˼Ƥˡ
ɨͷ񣬾ͷʣµλˡæ˰æҲСһ̴䣬һ֣ǿſɻ⣿
ֺ໥һۣȻɨֻͼϾǸһǹµģ˭ҲԿ㲻˵Щʲô
ɫã͵ȻռеλãӴʵ£˵ᱻѹ
ʱ˿̣ﶼһ뷨ʵеǰôûء
תôõĻᣬ붼롣ľ̴㣬úøɣ̹ʹʧ
ֵ̿ͷ
߱䵽ֻѾɫܲǱǶѾߵģߵĵ¶ԭԼҧ
յ¶֣еģ໥ģǧҪڧŵ㣬Ҿ˵
¶Ͼϧ̳ˣﻹ׵ģֻ踺صصͷ
˸ԻȥԼ棬˵߲ܣţЦԷǡ
Ϸֲ֧ǲѣһˡ
ϧǳ̾ϢԭһƬ⣬û뵽һֵĲ£ǿ˵¶ˡǺӲ֪ôͻȻתԣԺ󻹲֪Ҫôء
𵧵ҷصɫȹڣЦǱ𼱣ֻܿѾͷҪʲôϷǡ

 47 

ǵǲϷ, ԺȥϷ밲ѧѧ黭¾ãдҹ֮硣
ʱҲᷭǽȥ䣬ȻһҩĻ, ЩҩҩԺ͹ȥ, ׸ܿȾŨҩζ
Ѿ߻ల¡ϷĶأ¶ʱ۸, ɵɵҲ⡣
͵Ļ±Եż, ϷŪ, ǵ¶ΪͷϾһҵġ
ʵִ, Ϸ˵ͣ²
ʱദѾ߶ûе, ֻҪ㲻ȥ, ǲġ
СԺжգɱǲҪ̹ˡ
żҲǴ׼ҵļ¡
һֱ֣˵˼ãô޸үˣ
̴ֻӵ£ū澲ö졣о, ССҲ֮Ϸ̧ݡ
ǡýݲ裬Цʲô˵ģүڽϿǷˣǿҪǷԭѾ̸ۼˣǵùΪ˻ȡϷ֪ˣʹ˶үһ٣Ȼö˽š
˵赭дЩֻ꣬˸⣺˵׼ҵӼɶ˴㣿
ǣԭСһأӲãҲ£һĲٳ±㶼ڶ˺ͶүϡԭСģҲЩˡ

þ
һһյ˰ֿʼꡣԽԽԺҩģСӱˣѾǸɶڣǳɡȥӷ
ƤȻڰм޵ĽŲ
͵غ󱳷ŴţֻǴӺ淭ǽġ
ǻûü鿴žһ죬ˤУŷӦԼ˴һޡ
ʩ÷ѩɡŲϵŢϣǱѾʪ͸ȹǱ
ʶ࣬ûپҽ˵㻹ҪǱ𣬺ðˣ㱨
ǿʩ÷ѩıӣĵ׼ܵһɿ־塣
Ŭ򶨵ڵϣ֪һ£¹ҸֻҪһ·Ҿ͸㡣
ʩ÷ѩʾسһޣ·𶼱˻
ʲôʸ̸֪ˣ˵
ǿ˿ԣɷнµص¹ش󣬻ʩСЩ
ʩ÷ѩţһ˦ȥŭȵˣʲôУ
ֻһһĵʹϯԼҪʹȥˮջ䣬˿ϡ
ҧЦ޴书㻹Ҳɣ
һ㣿ʩ÷ѩЦһ㣬߹ȥаԣҾͰϵһƬƬ
ĸң㸽Ҹ㡭ʩ÷ѩȥڴչȥ
һ㣬ڷԵʮ䡣ʩ÷ѩʱȴˡ˻ȥš
㣬ʲôʩ÷ѩڵϣ˿塣
ɷҧҲֻһ㣬ıӶղסȻŮз
֪ԼĴʱš˿ͨȴǿյģȫҩһرϡ
ò˵ʩ÷ѩȻȴֻǽѣûʲôǸͬǱų󣬿Դ̣飬²书ҪԸҲ׾ٵ¡
ʩ÷ѩԼôʩҶС㣬ֻûġ֮ܣԺһҪӱ
ûߡ
ΡΡ˿վȴȥӸ俴
ʩ÷ѩԼһδˣʱһƬ
һûȥ㣬㵹ˡҲգָһùӡ
ȾѪ
ǵۿڵˣδʪüޣżէѩ׵
ش³ɺޣһ㡣
㣬ôʩ÷ѩŲκ᲻
˹˼˦һޣñӣСȲʩ÷ѩʩ÷ѩһʱ˵Ѫڡ
һʮ߱ޣа˸ơҴ򵽾ΪֹܻܲͿԼˡ˵ִһޡ
ʩ÷ѩʹ÷񣬷һʩҲŹ㣬һƤ
ǴۣŴϻʩ÷ѩԽףӦı޴ԽԽݣӡϡ
ڣʩ÷ѩˣͷҴˣҲô㣬Ұɣ
ǳӲѪģҲˣͣ
ʩ÷ѩҶż޻鵽˰߰Ѫۡ
ƾͲˣֻۣǡǹһĨЦ㶼ҪҵģҲ̹һ㣬ӡǣ֤Ϊ
ʩ÷ѩԼȾ־壬뵽ϻˡ䡱ˡվǰ˼ֱĻһ㵱ú޻֮ųӡ
㣬̿Ҳ㣬Ҿ׷Ҫʲô
ǴȫһʼϿ̣ˣڹϿֹڶ񶾡
ʩ÷ѩͷʲô˸ϸһԼߵĺ飬һ֧貵Ľϡ
ǸƽϢȥŭһֱȼ͵ذӳʩ÷ѩʪ͸ķٳ
ϲĦţɭÿ£ˣҲܱҵĶôأ
ʩ÷ѩỺ˱֮ǰصɱ⣬֢ϡ
ңһӣŹҰɡ
ⲻ𡣡
ĸ첲ֱǸڱ޺۵ļ϶Լ֡
߿̱ߵͶɱģƱҪһ˶ϡڣҲɱˡ
ʩ÷ѩһϲһݡ
ΪʲôɱˣȻǴġ
Ů˵ĺݾԶԶ
û꣬˵ʱʱ죬ǳذף䣬ùǣ㾭
ʮ书ɢӲãҲ޷Ӵ졣
Ǹɵú䣬һʱʹУʩ÷ѩסѪѽϵĻˮһ±ˢ޺ۼ
һֹʹ֫ʱǺ͸ҹ꣬ʩ÷ѩȥ
̾һйӰҡͷնݲ̫ˡ
Ųȱ١ǳذʩ÷ѩϵŶȥ
Ǵ֣ҹ´꣬һҲûС
׸Ա߾ʩǺףʩ÷ѩϵǲŻȥ
һȺŵԭʱü˶ţǰֻȥˣϧˡ
˰죬ڿʪ͸ǣ̴ɡá
ѽ˺öѪŵˡ
ʲôƣЦЦով͵ֹѪѨҩ
ô£ϧеʡ
ô¡˭תԸǸԼҩ
ϧҲԼʵǷϻŽݣˣۣ̫ˣڼﱻ۸ͷϣдģȥϷˣԵʩȥΪֻع
ЦЦɫ԰ףˣԺӦòˡ
ֻϧûȥʩҾͻ
ϧ֪лֻԽ
-
ڶһ磬ˮȥźϴûݣͼһһˬشüڣһѡ
ţ޵ն׾ܣûĵġ
Ѱ§ЦûĻ𣿡
ƿݡ
ױ̨ǰᷢһѺܵƷ̾ഺòҪǼ޵ǰͺˡ
һЦɫһЦģ֡
˵ɵˣҪǼֻң˵Ҫ϶̣׼ҵĶˣ˭˭ʲôģ˵ˣԲĲãҪǸҸŮΪң
ګګԣʵˣ
ʱ˶óֻѰЦ׼ҺʩΪָͣôģ
Ѱ컬ȥֻмĸһ
֮ǰгرӣ϶гϷ
ҡͷһ㶯ҲûС
ŶЩ죬תЦʱԽƽˮԽ󡣡
ͬصͷǹѾߴ£һҲܻ䣬·᲻ᱻ˴
𣿡֮Уµʣʲô
ʱĶ޾ϸ˵ΨԹ£ġ
ȴףȻҲҵģ㲻ؿܹʲô˵ģҿûô
̾ϢӶԼݡ
ûʵˡ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ǹʢ˵ӣָһȵ֪Լĵףϵ׹ȥ
װĵЦǽ֦Ҷûƶ˼Цˡ
죬εûЦ˵ֻ̾˾䡮Ϸ˲ôΣΣһӵ׻ˡʱ̴㻹ڱء

Ȼ
ʲô飬ʵԼҲ֪ڵ顣
˸ܼ޸׼ҶүңƹܼҲƣʲôøмϷˡ
ĵֵܽã÷δ򣬶ô˵ġ˵˶ˣԼҲôΪˡ
û֮껹˵ϷĲԡ
˵⻰ĻǸûΡͽϷ˵С
º˻
͵͵˺ܾãϣ˵乫ˣŻȻ֣ԭûеôˡ
ޱϲҡ
ԸЦԼ

 48 

һ˯Ȼ, Ҳʩôû׼ôȥˡ
˼ˣ滹Ƿƽ˾Ƿ㷲
³
ﲻصǣ̴صӣȰ˵عӾҪүһ, ʱһᱣġ
ǵ۾һ, ȴ״ĵʣʲôʱ򣿡
°ɣūҲ̫
ָʯð, ֪ԼܲάֵҪ⵱Լ˯ȥˣԭԼһᱻȺ
ߵʯۡ
̴ȥ, ǰ, һ̧ͷԺǿΨһѾ͸, ͮͮˡ
ʱ
ɽʱϲߵĵط, ؿ
һδˤ, ϵˣҲ׼Ȼһ߸ߵĹ̨
ɽǾˡҲͬˣһһߴһ߳Թ, ֮
ٺ˹ûǸ
㶿һᣬߵ£Ҳ˻ûȫȹӱ¾ȥˡ
ժԲ·ϲͷŽˬڣ㺰š
֪ժ˶ã۵ͷ󺹣ַ𽥿񱩡
ֵʱˣˤˡ
˵ק֦ҡﻹѽѽѽѽžصȥ
ҡһɶĨźͷȥȴסˡ
һ£½ļͷ
ոջŵˣô׵سˡ
е㲻ŵر˱ۣͷǱʲôײһ£вʧˡ
𣬻סˣʣڵϣһʰ𣬳䵽ϡ
ɡ̧ͷ΢Ц֣߲ϡ
ǹԹȥеϰԱ飬ϲֲ֮¡
Ȼ뷿Ȥ⣬ԽԽá
ˤӣֱۣ䣬Ȼסˡ
ӣϸ۰׵ź¶棬ȵšǵ⣬⣬·еϸ΢ĵ⼡֮ܳ˲ʱȫ
һ˲䣬뵽ǸһֱΡ
ǴһȹչϣЦҫ۶ĿһȾͨ죬ŲŲ㾧ӨĺµΡ
һϣǸŮӵĿȻ
ôͻȻˣʣ˵ĸоġ
ˡ
һأӹһأɫף޴ˣȵһ棬һ¡
ȥһˣһμ¶ôֵı顣
ʲô׼Ķһ͵ƿԼҲصڵء
˵Ķ
ǱƵһˤ𣺡ʲô
·Żһ㣬ͷҲһۣȥһ£Щʱһȥ÷վˣˤһӡ
Īˤ۵ƨվһػͷӣֻķҡŲ㲻ˣطȥˡ
ôʱûųǳ𣿣
Ƕžҿͷ󺹣¸ױһ
ҲַӦ
ڷ˻ȥϴˡ
׼ܵϾò׻һΣαġɴ棬ٲҪ
־ְɣô
ϴԼŪ˰ۣ֬˲֡Ա߿ЦԷǣֲȰֻ졣
عǰô񲻸ˣ̴㲻ʡ
Ƿߺ޵ߣһҸ˹һһ仰˵Ǳˣ˵ʲô˼
̴ü֮ǰſڼ⣬Ц̵ģôͻȻ
ǣŮʮ˱䣬عһʱӦɡ̴ŬȰ⡣
Ʋ죬ץӳţͥԺСѻѣٷǰȴ֮⣬ͬ᲻ɴݵĳǽ
ͥҶ̡
ңһյյڷҡΰ㲻С
ǵĲһ£û˼Цߵߡ
⿴Ŀͣһ˲üʵôŪ
žһء
ǣָ
Цǰĸ첲촽εκ硫
֮ǰѾƽΣŹǴʱһһ֮ܰסһɫ˼֣ȥ
𣿡ǳգۡ

ۡѾʵûס
ţĵ˼ҿΪױŶ

ҲãԭӣҲͲ޵һĻĻˡ
˭ѧġʵ
Ȼǽҵˡ
üԺԶ㣬ʡմȾ
ұǸЦ׳αطʲôߵ͹
ⲻ˵͵۴ȫɷ
һ߿һһ˳ô˷ѣŮֻǸ䰡ѹλǼɫۿ
̫ƽˡ
пգȴȻơ
𾪹ھ
ʣ÷ҪһδйǷ֮룬ôμôɺϵ£
ǣʱ·𣬸ǿˡ
Խѹ֣ԽҪؿ籡Ƶġ
һƲס˺
ÿһ¶ڱģȴǴ׶Ĵ̹ǵĳʹһ˿ɳܵĿ⡭
ǣ֪˼һӶɡ
֮
ʲôҸ˵أǼݺһļ硣
ⱻû˻ΣԸ룬βŵͷǣ㳤ˣҪעŮ֮ˡ
ǵɴ۾
Ů֮СɽﳤȻ˽̣ûϡ
Ǹӣ˻ǲҪ
ڸ˵Ů֮Ƶġ
÷Цʲôһ֣ȥ
ʲôסֱԼ첲δıˡ
æ
֮ǰʱ㿴ˣֻǵʱ̫ңûüʡ
ôŪãﾹȻ˸Ҵ
ܣŭ˦ǰȥ
ԭأ֪ôͻȻô
ѵˣ
ǣո֣ûȴǧٻִ˫֣ѷ֡
ǵ˷Ѳãʢĳ̶ȱѰ컹Ҫҡ
֮⻹ǵһκǴ棬׼ҵүҲˡ
ʩүǸй̸ͣЩ¡ϷƣԱһӺݻ򸾣һĿ¶׹⡣
ʩҵĳȻˡ
ĸŮɫ԰㲣һҧгݵص޲ý̻
ʩүǶˡϽܵ
ʩү̧ü˵ϵĲ豭ȥ
ɱܿ
ѵһյײˣˮ̶
뿴ĸôùһͷֻ¾ʪҶڽϣҲ̶áҲһЩˮգڵƻԵþӨ񣬵һ˿
ӣˡǻֱĺֻ¡
ĿƵϣƺڴûб
û°ɡ߬ӸҲ̲ס
ţˮֻڰһ£ζ룡
ʩ˳ʿ
ܵ⣬üȥһ۾ѹ̧ͷ
ǻͷݺݿʩҷ򸾣ǿǰָƿڴ仧֪ð˭𣡡
㣡ʩүŭû뵽ȷˡ
λǰ̫үͳ죬ڽϴĶǺξģڵʡ
ǣ񡣡ϧڵ⣬üʩү
ʩү֪ǵݣĿı£ɫס
Ů˵ֻͶ׼ҵԶݰôҲ벻ǾĹˡ
˵׼̫ţʩҲŴٳ׮ס
鵽һԼŮˣòʩһк㽭
ܹǡ
ʩү⣬ǽͣԲסλӣҽרġָǣȴѻ׸δŮѰǼҵˣ˵ɡ
Ѱ֪أأԶүƢߣ֣ˣϿֻܹܽˡ
Ƿ˸ۣʲôҲֵܡ
Я£յñǲ˲Ҷʮָ˳ʲôźÿ
˿ڲ裬Ȼ˹˵ദòã֪ʲôԹ
еǣ̧ƿǣеǾѹסڳˣ·Ǵ˼ļ
ѰȭӦԼʲôϷѾ˵ˣ֡
Ϸ˰ǣʩҺ͵һͨˣϷ˰ӣû˵־ǣֻʩ÷ѩĲ״˵²˴ˡ
ϷȻʩѩڲӵ£Ͼȣ׼ҡ׼Ϊ壬ô£ó塣
ʵû뵽ģºˣˮա
գ۽ޣǿȥʵǣʲô
ǰǶЩ̣ҲҲס
֪¹شɶ
죬гҰѵϺŮѹ˹ڲǣֺʩҶСһܡ
ĸŮû뵽˵ôֱףֱͨ¡
ȴ⸱赭дϤӸЦˣ֪Ȼ³ֻʣӮûУ
ǵͷ˰Σ׳һ䣺ҰˣʩǰϿ֣֤Ҵġ
ǳˣʩүŭ⡣
ҪϺαؿ֣Ƿ༥
㣡û뵽ôֱ׳һʱ
ס졣ⷢǣΪô
ΪѰֵǷ꣬ⲻ֪ܲˡ
򴽲ָ̧˸ͷ˵գұ
ǿʣأ
һ㶡
ѻȸѰﶼЦȻ˼ɵġ
ôǸͷǾͲƫ̻
ٿһЦʱʡ
ɵѾͷȻ

˶оƮһ
ᣬˣ
Է
ǿҲ̲סЦʱεˡ
֪ʡǰ·ܶΣҲʹĻشһģһʱʲôҲͣʱͻá
һ

 49 

, Ŀ΢䣬Ȼûָ̧ĸŮԼմӲֶ˵ӣЩ衢ʹļ䡣
ʧȥʶǰһľ⣬ΪԼϢز, ԶҲҲ, ޴֪ʲô
֪ǰΪһ
ûȵˡ
ʩ÷ѩ˵, ҵĶñӳһ, Ҳˣ
Ǳû˵ô, ԵԼܿƵģҲѹ
ʱ, ͻ᲻رôСһֻһС£ҲҪ, ο
, ˫ͨӣ·ȻصСʱ乬ޣȴΪ
ʱ;Ĳѹû뵽ôȥ, ѾνǺ绽ܣȴί
㻹ǵʱҵľʩ÷ѩӿˣ۶ˡ
˵ͷĨִóǸ֤
ǵ·ϣûӣֻ̧°ͣȥָۡᣬĨȥԼϵˮһ
ٵͷȥǸӣϿľмβ
飬ľ̵ֵġ
ǲӱûɫѾÿ¡
ȷʵﲻ⣬ĪꡣƽɱļҪЩҶɨȥ
ǰ˸־ǵС
Ĳԡ˵вؿ
תĿ⻺Ѱߵˣףͬһ㣬̫ˣȻǻܺúõʦ 
벻⾹Ȼ̵һˣһҲĿ·ǣѰɫǺ졣
ˣǺѱٵôߡ
΢ǣҵǳˣԼˡһҪ㱨һΡ
Ʋ죺޷㿹⣬һߣǻѳϡ
Ѱһףȫǹ
ϾŶҵ֪μǳ𡣡
⻰˵̫أ˵ɫÿ
⻷ˣޱ⶯촽λ岮ս꣬ԵأδռֹǣֻһˡϷ׿ڵ߾ȫû뵽˶Դġ
һһǡʩҵ˶ûȻҲпŵ÷Źˣܹѹ
뷴һӣ˳ǣȴ˵һ֡
ʩүó׼ʩѹ˭֪׼Ҵү׽ȿڣʩ֣Ȼ÷ѩȶ֣ǰΪβ᣿״ѪˣЩǴǹˣѰͰѩ£ҲĪˡ
ʩүĵһƬ͸Ѳзڴʩ÷ѩǧ顣ղˣԭΪһûɽĻëѾͷû뵽Ǵش
ѰνҲûôϲδޡֻû뵽׼Ϊˣԥؾͺ
Ѱǣ￪ʼ̡
ʵɣŮӻмɫģһϲûʲôӣ
Ϸ˵һƣվǾ𣺡ƽʱԺڹ̣ܽܿˡһ񣬱֤²Ϊ
ҲæվٱϷˣȥľȥɡ
滹мӲ̣׼ܲûǱϡ

еΡ
򴽣ǣǣ°ڣʾӡ
ûӦ
ҧһ¹ס
ܸоֻֽסˡ
ͷƽǰûκֻжðź졣
ʶأס֡ССģ޹ǣ̫
֪Σա
иھ棬ѡ
ǣһţ΢ȴջ
̲סǣٱһ
˿ҡ
Ϸ˻꺮ůһ˭֪⿴ҲһۣͽǴߡ
ǰһɨǵı飬ʩҺ͵ϵ˻һưոݵӡ
ϧôòˣһӶûء
㣬㻹ϲѰ𣿡Ȼʡ
һæҡֵǶҥԣܿˣ
ϸƺڵ˵Ǽ١
㿴ϣ

©һģҪԵְɡ
Ĭһᣬǹ˵££㾹Ȼûеһʱҡ
ûô˵һֱǱϲǵģû״ϰߡ
Ժ׼ˡ
ʵʵͷ
˶٣ϸһ飺׼ƽʱΣɻʲô֮
аɡǱϾէû͸ߵˣ̧ͷЦЦ
ͷô˿̷΢Ҳǰδе͡
ȥԼıԺȥ
ԶԶͼſŮӡ
߽˲ſòϡǵ¸Ƕˡ
عӡ΢΢Ƿˣȴ൱ȱŮᣬֶһ˿ϣվҲ̬
ҿûʲôˣһЩҹǹͣɲܵ
л˵ձݣ˭ֿ֪ˡ
Ǳ˵ѵ£ҲǰЩ֪Ȼͳ˵ϣѰعˡ
ﲨתһ޹ı飬˲֡
ɣ˺ǻǺúֲɡһ뿪ˡ
ҹɪȻԭء
⣬Ҳ̫ʶôˡƽ
˼أĵƻһ˶ڤ粻ЩҲ˴š
ָĵزǰͷ૵ָֹĻɫˡ
һתЦһÿȥѾͷԸ£ʹţҾͲѪյɲϹ
-
طԸһ£Ъˡû˯һᣬֺȻѡ
Ǹθˡ
ǣƺȻͬһǳüչԼ֪ǿߵġ
ģϲߡɷѿģҲмһˡ
⣬ʲôԤ
˯ȫޣôշת֪࣬ͼع͸ֽ
ʱˣȴҳȥԡ
Ǹ̫ʵ־һƵĳѹϡ
ټʱѾǸӡ
磬𣿡
⴫
ⲻ˼ؿȥϡܿӰ֪ôģȻһֱװ˯
˸棬û뵽˵û𴲡
֣ⲻ˯˰
أ𲻳֪硣š

Ųãûˡ
ˣҡ
һȻжûӦѱƿطöŵ
ôң
űӴһᣬһ﷭ӷ䣬ɺͳ
Ʋ죬ȹڸƵķȥַһߵҾͷôš
ɫҪʵڼѹˡ

Ҳ̫ȥɡⷭ
Ǵûų뵽ڳɵʱū˵ȥ毹
ָоһ
УҲˣ˵ַˡ
βоȻһ˿ǻסˡ
ղ˵ʲôػôƵġ
Դۣ֪ߣټĺԺȦӡ
źϴ磬䲻ײ˵Ϻᡣ
Ҳ񣿡ס
ݺݴ֣һҲ䡣
㣡ֶˣʶһѡ
צˤȥæŮ˺ȴץס´
֣ϻҵ֡
ӾǼУۿˮԽԽȻһ綯һϮ½˻
ǣû°ɣ⼱еץϸ顣
ǿ̹һ㡣Ǻţмƿ
ͨһȻû£ǰѵϴ˺
ȡǺ˺üˮ
ڱżغ벻ı仯ָǵ㣬ΪʲôҪˮ
Ǹƽؿѽ治˼㻹ȥ˵һŽȥ
ҵļкˮ˷ڰЦֹ
һ£ſҡҡͷ΢Ц̾Ϣ
Ҫȥ˵ūţ˸͵ݵĸŮȿֺץͣǲ㱻קȥԱ߰š
ôҽѵҲͣÿһǾͼһ
һᣬǲŸ˵Ļᡣ
㣬ôң
һҽ͸⸮˭󣡡˵ʹϳ̵ľʼͣǷ츲أֱ˺
ǣ㣬֪ˣȥɡʿţץҪͣҲûа
ǶˣҲؿ
ӡŮ֪ʲôʱѾѧᱣԼˡ
ûչ˺
ˣ˽ֻϰ
Ųʡµĵϡ
ᱡʪ͸ԺԼԿˣòټҶĿ⡣ߺסؿڣ̲סۿǡ
ʲô۸𣿡̯֡
ŭԣҧ˷˻ȥ
ȥıӰĿ΢ֳɱ
ǰѾû뵽ǻ֪սȭü衣
νЦЦ˸ɨźˮ棬ںȦ
㲻ùܣзǡ
ԣݸǺʱôˣ
ǇNɪòУһֱ
ԣӦšǷӦֳ㲻ǲôˡ
ԡ˵ʲô˵ԼǺ뿴͵͵
Ǹվӻ˻ڵء
ôˣæʣüŽš
ոձʱһ¡̫˷ܾûϡ
Ƿֱվұ㡣
ˣû¡
һʣأԵǰ¡
ԥһ£Ҳ߻ȥİõſȥˡ
˵⻹һⱳ
ǰñġ                        
лҪ˵Ůֱ̫û֮أСҪúüԼ

 50 

˫ȭ, ȣһ·߲Ӱ˵Ҳǰδеƽֻͣϣ·ûоͷ
һ·ūżǣŵÿҲҿһۡ
ôô̫𣿡ǺȻʵ
˶, û, ǲصԥˣȻˣ

ţԽ, ûС
ǲ˵ˣԹԴͷ
ƮƮ, Ȼ, ϵ˸ᡣ
ԽԽÿɰ̲סЦ, ʵЦʲô
ûʲôһֻС
ⲻЩһۺգ, þдһ˿, ǡ
ƣƵᣬ·⡣
ü˴˳صĺ۽ʹ, ȾһĨƹ⣬ž¶еξߢĹɡ
˳ľϺ΢ܾйǳ㡣
ҿԣһ𣿡

ǻ񣬲ŵصɴ۾
Ҳ벻˾ӣҪһ£ȫ˺òã
ôش𣿣
ҲһֱСġ뿪ɽǰҲŤŤʹһȢΪ޺òã
Զ֪һ仰ŵӳɽԴ췭ظĿɳ
⿴¶Ȼɫ͵ػع
˵ʲô
ⲻų⿹ˮ޵ģɫ԰
·һ㣬Ѿ룬Ȼϡһֱɸ磬ͻȻĻһŻˡ
ԲңΣڴ˿ȣҲǸ˼
Ŀ˵ʲô
ţԶĸ磬ڳˣԺעġ

ͷҿҲԼĽ̫԰
Ժ׼˵ֻ
õĳĬ΢
ȻǱˡ
һǿǣͷӦˡһҪ뿪
ֶȻȥ
ʼϲص齲࣬ûӦֻմս
ٻعʱǰŴݣĴС
˿ңҡͥԺ⾲ס
Ĵʱ̽ȴǳֹòġ
ǳƻá
һƬհףһľľݡ
޴ϲôĵ׳嵽Ŀڣֱ磬Ŀѣԣ·𿴼ɫкӿŽϯ
ⲻ뵽ɬŮʵḻЩԼġ
ѵˮĶ̶һ˲ٷſʱ˾ؿҪϢ
΢Ŷü̺εĴǹдһ˿аֻèֻϡ
ԺҪעɹǺȻڵöˡ
һξһãȻ޴غǡ
ţǽεεӦţѾ˵һ㸺𡱵׼
Ҳ벻һܼⱻԵô߻صӣ´ǰڴŨʱҲѵ١
˿ȸѸ質
㣬֪֪ʲô΢ޡ
֪ǲ֪
Ҳû뵽Լֻ̫ڴǰҲ벻ԼĸԸ⡣
¶ʧǲ
СʲôͬȻݡ
Ժ󲻿ǶһǶԱˡ

˵մҴҳϷţתԺһԴǾޱʢڽ£Ȼ𷽲ųӯǼ
ͥĬãҡҷͬ˿̵Ļԡÿһ磬һꡣ
ǸģΣеڷ˵Ļ
ϵǾޱҲãҲãֻһˣҹֻΪš
Ǳϥڴϣ򴽣û
Ͼ̫û׹ˡ
ζ
ô죬׶ˣܵø
ȻһˣвͬġǶûʲôִϾûԲ¡
һֱξް
̴ȻŽɫ̡̻
ǻеûʶأֻΪǼìˣԼ
̴º¡ûˡ
һ±ơ
̴еݵصعӳ֪أع˵˼ᱡ͡
Ѿ߰ˣƽʱͰѸСԵߵ֪ȴùܡ
ǣᱡ⣿뵽Ǹʹ˸¡˹ˣȴִ磬ôô֪
̴ӣƲֹ˵仰ô򵥣ҲáϾϦദ˼죬˵ûûˣǻЩⲻȥ
ôԣҲ˵ɱɱߵˡ

ǼЩǮúðᣬϿۡǱߣȥ˵ɡ
̴ͷȴڳš
ʲô£ֲԤС
ʩңûˡ̴ѹ֡Ҹ־ˡĸо
ǣ
ʩ÷ѩˣ
̴򴽣ʩңȫûˡ
ôûģҲе㷢
̴֪ĪҡͷһҹĹʮ˾ƾʧһʲôûС
ǼƤˣٸȥ𣿡
̴ЦͿˣʲôٸ׼ҾġϷѾǲᣬʩҴûڹһүδޣүѵһ٣ֱӲˡ
׼˶Թָۣ̼ʣֻͨ档ʩ˵ûûȷ˵ʲôˡ
ʩҺôʮĴ壬ôһҹϢرʵľ
ֱºйء
˼ȥڱȥˡ
ڷдţȻˣǰߵսȻʱ̲ͣ
磿ǰſһ죬ͷ̽
һͣһīӱʼ£ֽȾ
£û̧ͷװ·ֽдҲûһۡ
Ʋ죬Щˡ
߹ȥдʲôȻл˵
Ǿ˵ɡ
Ȼô
ͷ⣬չ͸ԱߵĴϣʹĲĥ
ôо⹷˺ȴǰÿˣ
ֻʵһֱôÿֻû濴
ǺȻЦôô˵ȥִʵ֡
ʼδæ֣ëֽϳһīۡ
֡ü⣬Ծɵ۲
ǿס֣ë
⽩վǣʯƵġ
һ£һҪʵشҡ˵
ʲôɬ
ʩҳˣģ

û뵽ҪüĿһʣ˭ġ
ô㻹ҪѴɱˣûв͸ǽܶס˵𡣡
ǲϲǰΪ͵ܳɽͰɽūȫɱˡ˵ģǾҲǲܰݡ
ʵʩ˺ҵģֻһʩ÷ѩҲѾȥˣô˵ذ˼һҶɱˣЩ޹ūš
ǰ˵һѣʼյͷǿȻСʱ⡣Ѿʱߴ࣬ԽԽϲ
ʵֻΪ㡣˵ˣʩ뺫һֱҾΪ²Żġ
ðɣԭˡ
ҧҧƳԼЦ
ԺҲΪô
ͷǺ
ǿ˼£УԺҲ㶯ߵˡ
ָʲô˵ѾǶ͸ģƽնܺ𣿡
ɡ
˶û˵۵СһᣬĿͣ촽ϡ˵ģҲȷʵ
ʶԼʲô̵Ƶģƿߡ
򴽣ʵ㻹бҪ˵𣿡
ʲôװɵ
ﰵԼһ䣬ֱһ
ûʲôִٵҡͷ
ǺȻءŶһ£˵𣿡ţһĴ
ϲϲ
Ƕ⣬ֻ۾ɴӡ
ûĹˣΪʲôоÿɰ
ֻ綼Ȼһ˲߼žֻ
㲻˵Ҿ͵ĬϲˡЦҲϲ
˵Ŀ˼£ֱ촽ӡĴ֬ǲŻϲصˡ
-
ˮ»û꣬ϲתأҪϷֹ
û㣬ûǸСӷص֣Ա߿裡
ȥЩֱ֮ʣʵڲͣŰ۵˵˭ص֣
һҭ޿˵˵⡭
ʩҲŵ£ûھͱ洫Ŀ֨ЦϣӴְ˵ôʮ㣿
һЦĲʹһ
Ϸ˳Թիϡ
ϼ֣ۺָҪ״ޱ̫֪ˣūúþ
ˡ֣ɫס
Ϸ֪ʲôҪˣ
ϿǣС/˹ˣ洺磬˱˻ԣһֻ͵Եĺꡣ
ҪԺ⸮ֻԼŮĻл·ԽԽһڣȻŻһںѪ
ѽǡʧɫæŵϵıҾ˵󼲣ˮúãڵĶضƳˡ
㣬Īҡָ˵ֻŮ˲ŻǶմž͵
ĪҪǻΪҩס֣һںֱճҩ
ϾֵҲҩ֪˶
ץӲǹ԰һģҽ߳Ϸҽһ㡣
һˣϷͿᰡԺһôնĸ
̲סЦⲡܾԼûܾԼû
ҨҩһǵصģǾ¶Ŷ
¶֣ѾľҲˡ
ǰһҩι꣬죬ЦеŹԣǳԡ˵Ű˿ι
˹վˣϢһҪȥιҩ
Żعֱ꣬µظͷסôҶԣŹŮ
ǶѽǸʲôҲãȻշţαôŪҶ˼ˡ
δ䣬кȻһɶֻϹŵĵطΧǱŵʧˡ
˶סӣǵﲡòᣬüҩˣҲϢˣҩ
˵ձȥˡ
Ա߿̾ΪֹǳȥϸϸʮС
֮ǰ벻ܰѵγϾ֮ǰرڲء
иλȨػĸ磬ץס̫ɽʵڿ¡
ôǰûóȻ֡

һʼ󣬵޿֣𾹶Щϧ֮⣬Ǹ׽ˡ
ȻЩƣֺαҪˣ
ƽʱҲῴҽ飬ҩӦġ
ǵͷǲĺûҲ֪ųô¶
Խ˵Խֲ֧Цᶼˡ
һɭ˺ðɡ
ЦԷǣĻ̥ˣȻ˭Ǻˡ
΢΢ҡͷĵ㵹ǹ䣬Ҳͨ͸
ֺȻ̾һ̲סЦŸпĽиĸ硭ҵҲи磬Ҷʮͷҡ
β̲סʣˣԶҲ޷ϡҲÿ˵ĵ׶һܣᵽͻ˲ۿ
ĬĬ㲻죬ûοֻܵվҪԼģôᣬôӣ˵ӲѾܺˡ
ǲڴˡ
Ϊ𲻽ǸҰĵŮˣһ޵Ůˣ载Ķ־
ҲûȤٹʼʩȥŻᣬֻŮҩȥʲôؿ꣬׼¡                        
лҪ˵ˣʵСҪ͸ϰ

 51 

˺ͻʷ̨, ڼûмʲôرˣҲûκδš档
ΪǰˣôȻֹ
֪Խƽƽ棬Խžκˡ
ֻǻü˼ܣ, ʵ̫ѡ
ȥɡЩƣػ֡
С¡
˫۾, ڼžڤ˼
ʵûҪգȻü߲ͨ׵ء
, ſڵĽＱæʵҪڼݺδ
ɵɫ, Ҫκˡ
-
, ˣ
Ժۡ
ӽˡ֦û˵

˺һ, ѡ

͵شӴվѺ֦һ
ʲôô
Ǳصش, ˯һᡣ
, ͻȻͻˣǱô죿ԭԼһɣ
ˣһ𡭡ȻеԼĴס
ҪҡǨŭ
֦Ҳʲôʱˣδʱˣ㲻𣿡
һûô, ˯ͦ簡
ѵʯ۵Եʣ
Է֦
߶߶ƵģһʱΪԼصɽ
ˣͻɣûôԡ
һ٣úϧɡ֦ѷ˷ŵǰ
ſӣǵܲ˿ɱί̾һҲҳԵõģܲˣһһ߰ܲ˿
ԹͳˣⲻǳһСӱ̧˺ƫš
оԼС檡
ʵҲ㲻ϣͨ
һ·ſ磬ŵǶֺ֡ȻˣۡԭķضΣֻʹӼǲɢſȸ
أԼӣ͵ظǱĴֲһֻ֡
ֶһ£ָÿӡӽڽǰ֪һֱվǴʲôطʼ͸Žһġ
ǵݳ֣ԼˣЩεؽ˻ȥ
ⲻ׼ǳ񣬻׼ס·¡ʹӣСԺư塣
ѽɨһ飬ûūţԺЩֻȫҡӽ¶ɫĦ°ڵٺ»΢ֻίֲ赭ˡңһŬõмᶨ
Ǳߵ£ǰһֻֻغɫֻüġ
˶񣬵ֲ赭ûʲôԾС
ӽͷ˼ЩԼţȷٺ»͸⣬òã
СһװԼ
ˣԹǶϰ߳ţ⡣תԺӽʵҸϲ⣬ˣǿһȥɽҰԡ
Сʱɽɵ£ҲֵǿҰζ
ӽһƺû뵽ѡ
ЩֵؿΣǰ˵µ˲ųԵĶ
һ㶣毣Ը⻹ԳԽˡ
ЦǰģҲ֪ġҷֻҪͺܺóԣǸСع⡭
˵̿ˮ
˵Сǹ˽⣬òš
ӽݸ
ˣʵҲȥ밲𣿡
ԣɢֻϻڡ
ӽһᣬʵءĸһ򲻺ͣɡ˶٣ֵҲڣ鷳üһ˵
ʵ֮ǰھˣȫţ£
ӽ̫⣬ЦǹкãŹߵġȻҲʲô飬ܹǵĸԵ̷
ǸƷжĺ꣬Ӧùǡ
ŶӣеˣϽ
ӽӦһǲ˼ɣҲȥˡ
ʹǾ׾䣬ȥ˰ɣµˡ
ŶӽԹԻݻˡ
ٳʱֻŨ̹ʧɫûܹȥȿųˡ
̽Ĳˣһ߱ԹǼʲô̫ˡ
ӽ̿ߵǰֲ̧ϵ̿ӡ
ĴӵգͰˡ
æ㿪ԼĨĨ
Ų˵Ժеʯ£ɫǹ©
ϧȱһơǸ̾û̾꣬ӽѾһֻֻƱˡ
ǼһӲˣؿǺںӣȻչȥţԵطŽ
ۡһµ˼̧ͷӽ治ɫسš
ǼֱˣȰˣ岻á
ԾЦţϸ׽¡
ģҵȻҪȫꡣ

Ϊʲôϲ򡭡ȣǺƤĿڣΪʲôϲң
ӽһ㶣ϸϸĿЩί·ʼһ
ǲҲ֪־壬ܶ¶ǵˡ
ӽͷЦҾ͸㡣
Ҫ
¹ʹüĿͣʵǵҲûʲô¿ʼӲҪ֪Ϊʲôϲ㣬ֻҪ֪һһֱϲӾͺˡ
˰ɣǹϾܾɫѻ˵ҼֻΪΥҪһҲ뿪ʹһ㡣һҲϲ㣬ԺҲᣬҲҪôˡԺ֮ҲûϵҲġ
һôܾˣе㲻˼ء
ӽ¶һįı飬ӵܻţԶ뿪
üʵǶ˵ǸĻĻŮˣҲϲ
ӽæ˵һԼɡʹ˶ڲˣҺӽҲһֱġ
ʱ̲ڱףǼֱ챻ӿİ
毺εºܰ
ǾԼбҪ/һλСǹۡ
˿ȣҪôңֻһ˵ϲ˭ҪʧԼ
ӽס֣˫С¹һʪģӾҵڣҾͲʧ
ûˡĬĬ鿪֡
Ժſ߽һӺݻĸˡ
ӽɫһݣǰ񣺡ˡ
Ҳ
һ˾Ͳˡϴǣϴμʱϻǣû뵽ת۾ͳҼҶϱˡ
ϵǻЩôϤĿǼܿ϶һ毵ġ
һˣһšϵľƱϱԾƴ辴һ
ϰֵˣҲȾƣƤá
Ц˵˺עر
Цһ⻹ϴξң˵ƲүϲעǸѸ

⻰ίʵЩ
˵겻㾹ȻʮƵģɼŮԪͱ̴٣ڿĸƵġ
Ǻӽ֡
ˣ̲ס룺ôô
ӽ״æഺòһֱԼ䲻ӡ
ƲƲǣǷ̴СҪúչһ˹Ѹ
Ǿһ£ӽ֮ǰֻһ˵ſĲ̬
ԭ岻һû֡Ŵսϣص˰ǿ׳ʱ˾Ͳ֪ˡ
ӽ
㣡ϱϾǴҹ㣬仰ͨ졣
һúչģһ˵Ҿһͦģҵ֮󣬱µĽɽǽһ庣̡
˷ģҲܺһعѣҺһ̷ϣա
ϿңӽŲ΢Ц
㣬˲ؿڡ
ǧƶˡ
϶˼²ƽ
ɩɩк԰ٰ֦磬ܲȣͲȥˣǴʰ˵ձȥˡ
ϣתͷźӽӽ
ܸѸ𣿡
ӽһ£˳֡
һᣬãЩ
ô֪ӻҽӽЦʣ¶߰ŴŴĻдһ˿а
ΪرĽʺΪŮӡʺҽ߳ҾҲѧһЩǴһ㶼졣
ӽƺЦˣ򴽣òײѹǡ
ԺͷϤˡ
ƺǺ첻㣬СʱȱӪ¡ᣬȫֲ
ˡҼ¿ʼĸ˵Ļơʮ죬ĸȥֳˣڵϡ汻ɹụ́ʱԺģԼ⡣һָͰˮŰһѡѾȫˣҴһ˷һҹ
ģ·˵Լص£ǲע⵽һ鵭İ̺ۡ
ô֪ҸղŶ˵һЩ
ӽֻƽ͵΢Ц
㲻𣿡Ͽһ˿Թߡ
ӽҡҡͷûôࡣ
̧ͷҹգɤܵͣڿ՝¹Գһִ
СҸģǸ׶ҵĿһֱֵñֳ㣬øע⵽ҡ
ûһı
ӽЦȻǷǵġ
룬Ǿò̫Ծ
ıɹǾһˡ
ӽһ٣ڲһ𣿡
ǳĬ
ȥǺޣҸԸסõĶӡ
ǣ˵Ƕ
ӽŵû뵽ԭӻǵá
ǵʲô
ӽ¶һĨζЦ
ǿ׳
һӦɫӡ
ǣ£Žˡ
ӽ޹صͷ˵ұȱˡ
𾪵°͵
ӽһӣʵӺ񲻸ˣ
ǲµġ˵ǡѵͲ±֣ⷢ
°ӽͷЦ̫మˣԽ֮⡣
ôôأ
ӽĻɣӲţǿھȥԣ˵һϤȫˡ
˲ˣǼæҡ֣ɫȥǹȥһ㶼ϲ㡣
-
ҹ޳»֦æҪԼϢ͵ƼͥԺиߴӰһǾޱǰ
ݣ£֦æ¡
书ǿ֪վ⣬Ҳ档
ֻǡΪҪ˶Ŀ֦ܾŻŵġ
ǴԻʱĸо
¼٣ôҲûͨ
ֻȷһ¡
תź֦ϣ㣬üȣ毵¡
֦һ񣬴£֪ˣ
Ȼ֪϶˶ãҲ̫˰ɣ׼
ΪҪⲻɫʡ
֦ҧŴΪѵǹ
üĿһ
֦û˵̲ס̧ͷ
˵
һӦǱթˡ˰ˣ֦Ͳˣѱƭô
ʵӷػĵգﲻ֪Ϊξ͸毡

 52 

һԭء
ĳɵʱ, ڳԷҡͷԶȣ߶һܲ˿βţ߳̾
С̬Ϥ
޴ļϲӿļ䣬֫ٺ, ⼸ЩѣΡ
¡֦ǵؿ, ⸱ģһ±±էէϲַˡ
ΪӶԼΨһп, Ȱ£ȴǶꡣ
֪, ԭһֱܺá
û, ͺһֱߡ˭毻ʲô, Ҫ
ĳƽϢȻӦ
˵޻ĵ, ͡
֦ͷ
, һ΢Ŭ龰ʱʹŭ毵ӡΪģ
ǰԼĸֿⲻ¡
֦ͷ
ûͦ
֣ŭ⣬Ͱޣ
֦ͷ, ϵôһˣβ˹ﻹβ
֮Ӧתע⣬
һʼ˵ҪߣɺҲͽˡū澿ʼбµģǴαѪʣ
ס
֦ŵкÿΰڼݳɵܻڰСദֱϢŻȥϢ
Щֽ⻹ǲš
һӲֻǲ˵ˡ֦Żᣬ
һۣЩ޴롣
תֱڱʯϣĦڻƣǿ򶨵ʣڸ
֦һ㶣ŵؿǰϯضĵ
ɱϣӲ๣һŮ
ȻȲϣһܡ
οڻ毵Ƥ¡
ʹ֪ǣǿ⻹ЩԽܡ
˳ˮۣװʲô֪½׷
˭ãƫƫ毡
֮ǰ׶ףҲ֪£Ȼ
֦ͷ
Ц֪֪֪üͺӶֻ֪Ҳ֪Ϳô
Ƕ֪һˣЦ
֦̫ԩˣⶼǹԸģū澼мҲ˶٣ūΪҪģǸϽѹӺŪ
һᵽ磬
Ȼְ͸˱ˡ
һǸΣյˣǷݡ
ȻӦ˴ͻ顣
˵ӽȢҴͣ͸Ҽޡ
˵Ļ
ۣ̾Ϣ
ȵƽȥڿӣһ˯
ֻ˯СϣԹСӡ
˵£Ȼ׻ǣԺ춼
ɵûӦСѾɴ۾
ⴹѾ֪ˣǲҡ
Сգգ۾εͬǺˣ
Ц˳Ҳ硣
ԭΪǻת⡣
ȴͻȻ֪ԭһֱϲδƬ̣һ⡣
ôأ
һξ˽˲áȻ֮ǰ˵Ը뿪ԼĵףٴΣȻ֡
-
޿ڴϡ
ʢͷܺãůңСԺʮ־ס
۷ſգִڡ
ʧˡ
Ȼʧˣôһҹ
ѵΪ̫˷ˣ
ӣ𣿡ͷ峺һ޳Ӱӳڴֽϡ
ǲ˵űװ
ӽһ᲻ŻŶ롣
Ϲһŵıӣһ漴߹ȥ
ŲЦһ֪ΪΣȻЩ
Ǳۣܵͷϵıӱƿ˵㣬ʿڽ
ӽڴ£ˮĿѲ
Ȼô̰˯ૣǡ΢ָӹġ
ģûס۵һЦ͵ض۾
ؿӽеԼԱ毺һֱվӣȻп毵Ȼܲϰߡ
˫Ц۾ǻϳԼġ
ӽ޷ؼѤЦգһ漴ֱȥЦȻװ˯
ǲƲ죬űӷ죺ȥԺҪԽҡ
ΣӽӦһáЩʧ䡣
Ӷѣԡ˵ձȥˡ
ϴϰĽ¡Ѱ׼أɫͿʽȴű£˼
һ£üΪ͹毵ˡǳԺӷȴǰζ
ȵȣӽô֪ߴģ·һʱҲƲǺʱ׼ģѵ֮ǰġ
ױ̨ǰȦһȻޱ߷ںӽķϣܲˣô˶뿴òõӣҪƯƯ
ϱƿƿ޹޸ˣⴽ֬ʮ˸ɫģû⡣
ޣɱҵЩȻǮģҲ۰
ţԺһСԣӽڲ֣죬תʧòګګȢҺӽĸ֡
Ȼ
Ц߹ʲô
СײˣǾܳˡӽũߣϵĵ
ͷ
ȣӽֻһƾɵΣֻһˣżȥӦʱõġ
ӽøǣǳСƽҭļᡣ
Ҳ̫ˣӽôǸ̫䣬ܹȫô᣿
⺢ӱϵˣЩǹ̫ˡ
ĺӽļ磬û£Ǯһȥ˵óһЩƱ
Ǻ֦ȼ֪֮ҼҾ㣬ǲùǰЩǮ
ӽһȻ̫ûˣӳǮ
ĻԺǵûС
ǱͶݻĽӣǺӽڼּң˵ҪǮڵϣɵֻ֣ѡ˸չСӡ
ǵν԰ھܽ⣬ųԶ·ϰʵڳŲסų˯ˡ
ӽ˯ģģԴһһεģűײȥһߵ˻ȥ
ûһᣬӽӣˡ
λ£̹ȻԸߡ
㣬Աߵһ˵˹кһ֦뿪绹磬һȥ۽磿
֦ʲôÿġ
ˡ½֦ǵ°ɡ
Ĺ֪ʺϲʳ֦ǰ֦ȥɵ⼸ʺﲻڣʹ͸档Աһǻ˵ڳɵﻹ֦أõҲֲˣ㲻֪жء
˵ﶢǣֱ뿴߳ŭ
ǹȻɫ䡣
Ȼ֦ộԵĶ
ǺȻеޡ
⼸֦վǴˡ
ӽ飬һ£æοӱ𼱣ԺȥϣӳԸʹ졣
λĵĹûиųɫڨڨһᣬǵ㣬ϲͺ»顭á
ŵϢͷЩӵӣĳصҲ֪ұָ̫࣬£ƶް°Ȼûôϲˡ
Ĺһ㶣ӽҲסˡ
ӣôû˵ͱšһ¡
ϱء
Ը󣬾㲻ϲҲྴֻܾ䲻жӦִҹǡ
Ĺϸˣ˵ʲô
ģӽ˲ϵ
Ҳ㣬ģҾ⡣
ӽؿǡ
Ĺ˵ԱߵĹˣæǿ㣬ԺӽȢҡ˵ˣӽʲô仧Ҳ¼ޣ
ǲϲ˴Լ˵ߵˣһӣʲôҺ˵ķݣȹԼܼܲ޳ȥɡ
㣡
˺ˣÿˣˡĹæȰš
ӽЩԭάǵģû뵽ȴǱάˡ
к˿ʹӰһ֦棬ޡ
ϾСڱټ֦
к˺ͼ׽ķһ֦ȥÿֻһš
Ǳ֦㹴ôߣ˰죬Ҷʼˣͺӽ⻹ûС
Ȼԡ
ӽѯʣס
ˣһ֦ٵøʲôƵģ۲ϡ
ңһҲԲŰ͵֦Ƿǹ
ҲùЩһӳһžΪǲǻҪѿǺͺ˶ŵұһﴫȥ
δ䣬Ůǽϵ֦ߣǰ
ʲô⣿ǳ֦Կǣ
үЦˡ
ʲô˼ӽüֱ׵ĹкˣĿĳٲãҲܴ衣
ͶǵһμһƢ̫䷢ŭһʱ壬ǶеĲ
ûС̹ƽʱѣȻôƣҪٹ꣬ɹ
䣬Ȼ֦ҩֹҵͦϲģлкˡ
к˻ûڣſںȻ˸ˡ
˼λˡ
ϸ˿ȥǱߵ̽
⣬ǱپпҪͬСɡ
кЦʵܹôˣ
ЦеػһȦҾкˣĲˣ͵Ķôطָˣ
к˴˸ԭ볤û뵽ȻܾС
⣬֦Ѿ㹩Ҳʾүү˵¶£ͬ
һӲɽҲ飬½鲻⣬һ֮䡣ˣȻѾˣҲ׷ձºã԰档ǸϽʰ뿪ʥݡ
кæ˳ϯǸ֤´ٲϡ
Ҵȥ²ȱ˰ȥ㾡˳֮񡣡顣
ǰͲϾߣ⹷̲סЦ죬⿴ôֻ¸ķ
˵ɲʲôϲˣȻ⣬ɱġ
ﻹûڣͨˡ
¼ݵ                        
лҪ˵лߡҰˡӪҺ
⣺һһ֤׵

 53 

糷һ, ǽ壬ӭãһƬ߳ĽŲ
һ۱㿴Ⱥеǣֱڣǲϰ߽毺Ӧϡ
ƽɣ, һʱ, λˡ
һ֦ǣȻֻί
϶ùкϲ, ֵô֦ЦЦ˵
ˣˡڹк֮ǰڣǰ, û뵽к˾Ȼ, ĵؽʹ͵֦ȫǣʵܳ
к˵ɴ۾, ֪²ϲϣŸǰ衣ô˵к±, æ͵, ôڱǰ£֪֦֮󣬲ҵָֻƷи߽֮ˡϣһЩʣ֦ǰˡ
кôʧˡ
ô˵, кһ㶡
ͼ֦ȥɡ
΢֪ǵݣױôͻȻͶתˡܿȣӦ¡
Ҹ̫ͻȻǼֱԼĶ䣬̲סɻ̧ͷ⡣
ϴµգɫ
ǰѾ̬ʱȻܶ˹л⣬ֻǳ֦
˵仰ʱǵĶڵѪ
üʹ͵ĶûܾܾԾˡ

Ȼʢȴֻȴ֮ˡ
㣬ʲô̬ȣ
ûô˱˻Եģû˵ͱµһۡ
⣺޶ûֵõ

л¶͡ӽиˣʥˡ
лҪ˵˶߰ɣ¡
ѻȸȴǻȻ
Ǿ֪֦ûˡ
£ӽüԸ뿪ʧͳ
޵ΥͳΣգʮİڳ˶
ӽ˫ȭͷŸ߸ϵˣ⵭
ãӽյҡ
űµɫ˫΢УȻǰĺӽæ˵£Ⱝۡ
ӽǵЩΪڼ֦㡣
Ⱥɢսսڵأ̧ͷ
ԭʧֲ̫ˣ
ýҲ£ټԺֻˣԽ
ǸоԼŲԽԽغϡ
ɡԭλ¡
л¡վ
ͷӣ֪£΢ЦɵվŲߵλá
л´˸Զһλ¡
û˵ʲôͷ
֮ǰûע֪ٿֻԽԽЩգǰôͿأ
ǱëȻ̲סʵ£Ҫ볼˵ʲô
뺫Σ
̴ܺá
вãָţεӦǵ޵Լ
毻Լأ
ǸоԼʲô˵¡
ǣ⵱Ȼƭ˵ġ
֮ǰһ毴͸ӽ뽫һ
һҹǾȲǣֽܡҪк˵ǣ뺫ӽԶ㡣
ǵһΡıһ·粨δӽӽĶ³֮޻һ·
ԣ֮ǰ毺ͺӽʵ
Щζ
֪ǻ֮ǰйֻû뵽ôҪ£Ȼ毡
ȻȷʵǺܺʵѡ˭кӽϲء
ˣ·ġӦš
ӽز¶Сһ㣬ߡ
̲סֹӽ˵
ð㣿̲סʵһ˿ײС
⣿̧ۿ°Ұߣ˼𣿡ַϻ
ⴹȻޱ飬˺һᣬɬ˵޲ϲ޵ˣʹ֮ǰѾޱΪ澣𣿡
ҧгݣٺ˵
ûбķԸ͸ˡ
̫Ӻ͹㣬տʼÿճʱǡ
һ㶣ȻҲ뺢ӣǡôͻȻôģȥ㺢ӣ
޺ӽΪ뿪ߣںˣĥ
ԽԽÿ¡
ŵؿ⣬ӡ
ô㲻ӦƮƮģ˼ϣһ˿޵Ц⡣
ǻԼˡ
ôôɫ
¶ɵɫӦԼЩ̫ˣ
Ϥζǵͷ
ûϵ΢ЦֻȻ֦޲ˡ
ڵ֦ˣǲܵѿڶµڽԣôܳ
㷽Ų˵֦𣿡⵭ʣ޲ǿѡ
ʹֻͣȺ˵ô֦͵ã
ӽʲô֦

ʲôܣ޻˵
ίͰ͵Ŷһ׼ˡ
̫Ӻ͹ϲ֦ܳԼʮţ֦Ҫǡ
һ£СûԹ֦ζҲŴɣϾ֦ȷʵܺóԡ
֦ϻ𣬿ɲܶԡ˵
ǰ̾ЩգϾʱʱǣ澿Ҳܲˣôء
ͦúüලǣλҵĻˡ
᲻̫ͷˣ
᲻ᣬΪǳ֮¡
ЦǾͶлˡ
̵뿪ˡ
԰Ϳ˺ӽһֱæӭȥеʣӣ¡ûôɣ
ÿȥλ档
ӽüÿ⡭²ֹλô򵥡
һһɡʼ磬˽ӡ
˶û˵ȴ˼졣
ӽãſڵӣ㣬ǲǻб£
һ˵һߴɫ
ǿģ·ʱᱻľ
ǺȻԼһС
㲻ԭС
ѽʲô߰ģǷر˱ۡ
Ӳ˵Ͳ˵ˣӽЦʵֻһ𰸣ƭҲûϵΣ˵չһһġ
룬ضӽҲϲģҲҪ˭չˡ㻹ᣬԺ󻹻ϲˡ
ϻĹӽĿ˲̡
ƿԣ㲻ϲĻԺ󲻻ˡ
ûйӵ˼ֻϣ㲻ϲҲҵѡ񣬾һ
еڵʱӦ޽嶯ħ
ӣǲǺˣ
Ѿǻ𣿣
ӽı֪ԼˣͷȥҲ˵ˡ
εĳĬһֱأ˳ǿһϤվںǰ
ȣߵǰô
㡣΢Ц
ӽǰֱӺӡ
һ٣ͷ
ӽǽӽһյϣ֣һݡ
ʦǰֻǵͷ֮ղִ٣ûȢţʵڲʦģһ߾ȫӺáȥ磬縸ӽлʦӵչˡ
Ȼû뵽䰮毣æ²ˡҿɷ毶˵Щ
ӽ޳ɵӦ£Ӧģôǰڹۣʲôʱʲôʱ۶öԡ
ֶЦЦӣȥ
ȿȥӰЩǣƺ̫ˡ
̫ϲˡ
ֿ˿ܣɻ⺫ôһŮСҲûУ
ٺ»ߣһ˹Ҫˡ
ȴ͵棬Ҳ̫
һ㶣ȷʵû뵽һ㡣
˵½㵥԰
ô죿
ȵ˵ͷ
˵ԼÿսӣӺӽ¾û˵ˡһأδñ֪ϾǺҪСĵġ
ܾҵ̬ȣǰһˡ˵Լֱʣûиҵݰɣ
ȻûСԼ³ġ
ҹȾͱ⺰һ٣⻹Ȱ̹ס
㻹𣿡
ҡҡͷҲúܼ֡ˣҪ֪ƭˡ
ǻǰѾںһȦˡܾе֡
ʲô֣
ҡͷԷסԷȴ̫ˣԺӣֻһСݣǳտ
ƷνṹԷ֮иСԺǸûȥ
ôˣûףһж
֮оûбƽСһЩ
ǵͷ
Ⱥܿȥˣӽǳ˳ζȻ
ԭôá̾
磬ȻҪ³ӽϲԺӳԡ
ǰҲΪ¹ǺܾúܾǰˡǼʲôζֻǵҲܺóԣΪҲǺһչԼ
룬һҪԼٷ
ͨû˯ͳЪ£Ȳȥˡ
һ˯ʮֺ㣬ʱ
ţܡ
ôں
е㲻ţһ
زȥ˰ɣ
Ļң˿©̣ŹîʱŴˮϴȻӽķﴫ춯
סǺӽԭȵң࣬ӽøԼסڸСŷ
ʱӦϳδ飬˰ɡ
ʺ⸮ﻹҪЩˣȻʵڲȫ
ǽһͽſڿ
һƬţͽƿһ㡣ӺСһ࣬һۿӽµڵϡ
Ȼæ͹ȥ
ôˣ
ӽ˿ϣݣȴСǲ㱻ѹҴڱϣһѽȥ                        
лҪ˵ǣһҹ֮䣬ҵսѶˣ
Сʹ˵Ű㣬оñŰ
⣺Һ:)
лߡҰˡӪҺ

 54 

ˮ, ӽǵĸ첲СƵü죺ܡ
ȣǶ֡
컹úõģôͻȻô
ӽ˵·˯ˡǺðŰִˮšӸϡ
ҩ𣿡, ˵
ǵ˻, ֻҵҩƿֻϽȥҩ
ҩ̫ʱ䣬ֱЩҩͻȥˡ
ӽ, ҩ˼ӽӦ, ֻðҩӲ, ȻЩˮȥ
ȿȡӽһ㣬ˮֽʪ, ˸䡣
ϾͲˡǸ˲ر
һ»˲ʱ, ۿǸϲʱ, ˡ
̾˿ܹǳˣ֪ʲôʱܻɴȥ˵ࡣ
Ҫȥӽȴס֡
ӱߡ·߽
ȥࡣ, ǲװˡ
ӽۣ˿۽⣬Ҫº
Ӯˡ
ڴ߸һᣬӽ޳ڴϣֻ⬡ɫһѩףںڵĳ£ԳޱȵĴ·һͻ顣
ò׸оɿһ㣬鿪֣·ȥˡ
˽ʱӽѾˣԭƣ۾ؿ
ˣҸ࣬ԵʱԼʢһ㡣
ţ򴽵ͷɵʣӣǲҪˣ
ʵڲ̿񣬡Һܿͻ
ӽۣǣӼǵҡ

ظϽʱѾʱˡ澽ĵţĴű飬ʮ
һƼǰǸ۵ˣнпࡣ
£ˡ١һ¾
ͷ󺹣ʱ䣬ŷģ
⻰˵úǸͰֻųƵġ
ǣͻȻչһᡣ
һ٣ſӵֲս
Ŷѹϳʱûûи٣÷һµٺ»
Ҳ̫ϸ˰ȣ
£˭ûͻǼ˶벻ˣٷٺ»ĽҲˡ˵ˣƶ˵ջ¸»Ǻģ
ôΪ˵ͷ
Ǵһ˿ƣڨЦΪֿڷԡ
ûԣԽԡ
ⲻǶʳ㶿
ƲͷȥСԱߵʣһԷ
֪ʲôʱʼСѾԸˡ
㡣
ûӦ֦Ѿ˲;߹ʹ˸ɫ
л¡м䣬еġ
ȻԸͬԷ
ﶼҰԵģ㿴ϲϲСһ⡣
Ů̫̫ɰˡ
ϲҾϲͷ
ĲȷʵԵģȻ֪ĸĪŮ
ԹǺͺڵ棬֦ʢ˾Ө͸֦
Ǹǰ˼ţһ͵͵⡣鰸ǰרעۡҲ֪ǿʲôӣ춼ûһҳ
ȻܲߣǰһҲȥˡ
𣿡Ȼڣȴû
һæͣҲڿ㣬¡
°ͣĿȻͣǰϣҲû˵ڿޡ

СͰԱЦţǵСԴ
֣ԼƽʱҲ˵ôǰǳԱأ
£᲻㣿
ϣԼߣܷˡ
ûлشֻû
ΪԼһᣬʵ£ҪҪҲһ㣿
ԡúܿ죬ȴģ·⡣
ԡߵġ
˼ſ̫ʵ֦ȥ
ֱߵĲյȻһһǵȥ
ˮײ϶ŭȻߡ
ƻͨ
Ƥû̧·ԤƵģݵؽյŵһߣȻסǵ֣һ
ֱϡ
ϤơһЩ䣬˲ըëˡ
˫ۣǺȻе㱣ֲʵξǴǰ
ϣ˾벻壬ִ࣬ɨͨĶ⣬Ͷͱ
ɳɳģϲŭȴ޶˵ءƻġ
ʲô֣ȶֵĺ
ȵȣԣǷ˻㣺ǸŪѾʺӲ֡껹ضӵĹȥˣ
ûƬ̣⿴룬ƿᵧ˵ۡ
ǼɫӲһ
ոӦĻþֻɫˣ
ǹġЩ
ţ㲻ǹġһҲԽܿơ
ģ
仹޷еλã𣿡
ǣ㿪ľͺá
΢ǣٶҲһɡ
л¡
ǻصλϣСѾ֦
ŮãǸɶļһ
Ǻ޺ҧ֦
սƣһҪĥȥе֣λ²Ͽ𣿡
첻ϣġ
Ϊʲôֲ֣ڡ
ܡذʳָ촽ϡ
ǾԼˣӸż죬ˡ
ǱȥͺӻҪûмȥټˡ
֦ĶҰżѾ߼㣬ģԷǡ
Ըˣ֮ǰڲ᲻֪ҵˣȻˡԵõصң϶벻ҡ
รɡ
̴֦ǻⷬ˵ġ
ԹѾЩˡ뿪ĵճţͿվ档
һǡ
ⲻһʣ߹ߣȻ㡣

ĸƴǣսսࡣһ·ϣǶԶԶܿǣ˴ʮ徲
֪ǲǴܾĽŲƽҪ
ûʲôҪ˵𣿡̽ʡ
˵ʲôǽʾ֭ŷӦӦӺӽ¡
ر£ӽһжûʲô֡
ɫӵؿһۣ˵
ǲԸ̹ףˣշ
󱬷ʱߣ޹ջԳѲ뺫ӽһͬݡ
һ㶣һӦǣѹ쿴ӡһֱעԤʱߣʤ񱬷ڽĸ֮أȻҪӣҲûʲôϡ档
ǣΪʲôҪͺӽҲȥѵǴȾϣѪеؽǣ
ǲò⡣
ģȾģ޻ûô⿴ɫڡ
£ҵĵ˼ôױ
Ϊأ

ⴽ΢૲һ䣺Ҳˡ˶ֵ׼ʱ̫ӹ𡣡
ǵͷͷʵô㺦£
һԾŶ˵Ⱦһȷǵİȫ¡
㵽Ǳܾˡ
ⲻǲİΣֻһȥ֪ã뿪ԼҰΧ
ǻصȥ˿ӽڻ˯Щȣɫָһ㡣
ӣӽת۽ڻˡ
оõȥࡣ
ͷˡ
˵ǸԺȥԸһѾȥ࣬һźӽȻȥ˺Ժ
ƻԽԽԶԺﾲĵеɭҹɫŨûܣյСĹʵ΢ڷҡҡ׹
Ŭ򶨣۽ǺȻƳиССĺӰӲݴдڹӦ֮ࡣ
ŵһЩתߡ
һת͵ײһˡ
ӡӽ֪ʱվʱ򣬼ĺ󱳣͵ͺһ
Ǻ˼ˤ˵ϣֱӱſˡ
ӽЦԷǣûϵôӦæȥ
ң߳ŭشˡ
û߼ԺſڵѾߣӦ׷źӽġ
Ƿ߷ߵһۣ첽صԼ䣬ѵҲǿ𣡡
Ϣŭ˵ȥֹﲻڣѰˡ·죬ūǸϲϡ
Ƿȥˡ
Ȼſˣ˸ţԺôԺӽ
룬Ρ
ڴշת˰ҹ˯š
-
ˣȻҪˡ
ۣκѾź¸ϴòŷӦ
Ϊʲô˫ûΣ
ױٸ߸أ
ǴҸʱȥȡ
ճţͼӽԺУվ
ӣҸ緹Сؿܾ
Ŭȥ£ƽ߿ԡ
ӣ㻹𣿡ӽʡ
ûС
ӽ˶٣͵ԭסʱҲסǡ˶ˣҾͽЩӶֻҴǰסӡǺ棬пգҾʹȥ
Ҳ棬ȥޱ˵
ӽͷҲԣ·İӻ
ǱˣܿҸ
ҵһκŮӽӴӺȤ

ˣҪȥ󡣡ӽ
Ҳȥ
ӽ㶣Ǳµ˼˼
Ҳȥ
ӽüߺΣգȥʲô㣬ǷŲ±£
ȻôǷ˸ۣٲˡ
ȸ³ˣȥ򸮡
ΣҲܲ죬ʳӿ⣿
˼һᣬҡͷҩͶָƣʮУճıʲô
룬СΪãʯԡ
Ҳֻˡ
սһжðɣʵ
ţǵͷܾе֡
ĬĬ˿ڲ裬ղý𣿡
˵ʱȥ
δעЩϸڣȴ
ʱŶԿˣн޳ˡ
̾˿ǴǰڡȾãҲע
֪ǻҪתʲôʱ                        
лҪ˵&ӽϷȫݼ
ǣ߹·ǵ·Ǻǡ
лߡҰˡӪҺ
һ»ѣƼ使byʯһ
İ»ϲΪѳʧܣµһС͸ĺ檡
صĽҲ˲֪˲İǡû֮ǰ
»֮ҹ»ϲһͱµ塣
˭Ѫȵĺ·ס:û¶ͱ㣬
°ʧĳ»ϲǰ:ǲµ£żȻ׹䷲ĩǼʻǵĳƴҲҪͻϡ
СɥĲkuangȮ

 55 

ǽʱ, ɫĺʱʼԹôôˣҲû룬ֻŸϿ꺢ӣڹ֮ǰȥ
Խĵȴӣټĵֻһˡ
Ŷ, һѩ׵С̹, Բ
ϯڰߣţɫʮּ, С˼һƣ
, û, £λأ
ϿΡ
, иˡ
⺰סȻ, ޺ȼ
, ̫ðɣо
ޣ
ֻӲͷƤȥûж棬ɵɵվš
ʹ˸ɫ
˳ĿһԱߵĹϰűͲ;ߡ
, Լ֡
ùԱ¡Բûһۣһҡβ͡ż죬⹷ˡ
ôҲź򣿡
ϲ徲˵ˣ㲻𣿡
ûˡ
⽫վƱƣʾơ
ҧһ̲סʵ£о仰֪
һ׽һģ޳ʵڿɡ
Ǿͱˡ顣
£Żһ
£ǲǶҡ˵ȥ
ü
һһģ鸴ȼˣ
鸴ȼ
ľ飬ȼÿӿ涼ʲô
ô⣬ѵδ
ɫѾ
Ǹо鲻֪ôתֱ£ѵΪ߳ŭˣ
ʹæȣҿЦģôῴҡ
Σ
̣˶Ӳˡ
ǡѾҴ͸ӽºˣ
¶޵ģģȻ޵ˡ˵ջϵԲҲ޵Ĺ
Уģܵġ
ʺﻹڳɵءʬδ
᲻ãһǡ
һ㶡
ԹԵص޾òᣬںԼվǰ׿ڶ˵
⣬ֱ̫ˣ۹̫
޻˵һһƣҲͣ塣
ȰɺȰɣźã
һˣȥȡơ
Ƕĵľƹ񲢲İ첻̵Լ߲ˡ
֪ãһᣬ̳ҵľơתֻһ֧°ͣЦЦض
е顣
ž
㲻ȣ⿴ǰľƱ
Ⱦơ
ƭˣЦȵġ
ôܺȣ
Ȼ֪ʲôƣһȹٴΰ
Ǿòȥˡ
Ȳȣ΢вȾơ
ȻܺȣӦûɣ
ǶƱһСڡ
ϸעֻɫǺ죬Сһţ޿̵˳
ȿȿȣҿԣǺᶼˡ
ˡ̫ûȣʵڲʤ
ӣȻˣٶ
ˡı
ƹѲɫ΢죬ڷ¾Ʊһüġ
Щˡ
£ָһȵĲˣǲܻȥˣ
ⲻЩɢḧߵԲԲ˳ѽϥϡ
ǵԲһۣ˭Ӱ
ǡ֡
аɽаɣƺҲӦġ
Һ㡣ѵһϣһ
ǿԲŵϣ˫ԲͷʱԸ
Բɵغͷ
ж
ҶҶ
ǻûӦͼͷؿԲë׵Ĺ
ҳôԲ
ֱϹۡ
̫ͻȻû뵽ԲԽԽۿҪȥ
ȥˣ
ӣ˫ְסգһѽͷ˹
ſֻʲô
Բûβˡ
ֻ˫һһһʮ
ǲҲеκˡ
̫ͷˡ
⻺Ŵľ㣬Ѭˡ
ˣۿҪƺԣȴһ㶼ˡ
ﻹڸ־ᡣ
£ռҲûʲôǡʵԸ毵׽
һ׹ֱӽѹڵأǷ·һϸ΢

ߴ೤ĺþġѹϣǲ㴭
Ѿƿڵϣǲŷ˯ˡ
£ҡҡ֣
ͷǴŻᣬָ޺˼䣬¡
֡Ȼס֣ŵͣ
۲һᣬֻǻ˯źһ
ֱĿڣܸо½½ʵţȵͨͨġ
ڵɢ߮īɫ
ò˵еĶʿˮ
еϢ
ͷȥˡ
ͺ֦ſţ죬תͷһֻңһֻϴźΣ
һˣվⶾƻˡ裬Լǰ붼ͷƤ顣
ºˣźްɡǵʺ֦ҽסİ
֦סĸЦȥ˳ɵԭūŷЪ¡
ͱڻԳˣ֦ʣֿϷֵĸо
ķҵҡҡͷý͡˯ǰʯۣſΡ
-
ȻʯЧ
̴㡢þòϴ¡
Ѿһۣʵ˯һôкþò
Цвȥ
Ȼصʵһ죬û֮ǰһʱ䡣Щ֣Ҳû룬á
Ȳȥˡ
һţһüĿԺ
áЦ⡣
Ϊ͵궼⺫ӽ峺ȴ˰ٱֹƤˡ
ϸһᣬѰϾ֮ǰûôۿָô죬Ȼǵˡ
ѰΪԼӢ̲סЦȴһƬºͳ硣
ã˸ϷӣȥϷɡѰ˵Ųݳɵ֡
Īӣܡ
Ǻ𣿡ĪؿѰ
Ѱһĵôװô߲ʵӣĪܹݣ
Ǵ·ʲôˣЦЦ˵δ޲ȫѣԼŮˣ
ѰЦˣҺʩǸģһ鶼ûСʵͣһֲΪճɾŽЩ𣿡
Ż뷴θɱˡ
δ̫Լˡһ
߽ԺС
أ֡Ѱʩŵ£ŵֱ¡
ʲôʵ
ңȥϷģԺһúöõġ
üתͷǡ
̧ͷ죬ˣѰҲˡ
ϷͲسȥˣкܿкϷ⳰ǡ
Ѱԣֻò
ܵǰôôѽ
֣һ̲סֿЦɵƵġ
ЦģĵҲ࣬ҲЦ
Ѱ⸱飬ˡ
Цһᣬ۽ƳѰǰۣ㻹ʲô𣿡
Ŀ⵭Įڿһֻϣһֻ־ϡ
ûûСѰγѣæˡ
ǿıӰ̲סвΪȫ綼ĽƵġ
ⲻЦø֮ǰȻڽ󣬵ϲѰ£Ҳ˵ֻǲ֪ôָ⡣
ǶҪˡֵݸһ֧ӡ
֮ǰ֧ˣ¸һ֧˵źȻЩϴӣֻףûһ˼ڡ
ǽӹ˿֧ǳɫӨӨŹâ
Ҵϡְ
һЦָϣǶҡͷԵġ
һ˵
ǿģ΢ԤС
ֹһ£㼰ˣǾͳװɡ
ɡף
ǵЦϡ
ԼĿܣһôˣ㡭Ը⣿
ûôԶһֱξû޸⡣
һ̣ǾԼƭӡ
ɣüͷ
Ѿйôεļ֮ף޸
һڻʵǸӣæɬصûУġ
Ŀ΢ģ
ǵͷһᣬԥصҾǾã᲻е磿
ⴹۣ顣ڱϾʮ꣬˵Щȷʵŵˡ
һᣬ漸ꡭС˵
漸ꣿ
˭棿ЩΣա
Լ䣬ƤЦһ档
ۿǿˣŮĲͬǡһ㶼֡
ˣòȻڻԸ⣬Ҳ㡣
ܹҲܵ룬ؼһʱʲô۵һɱһˡ
ǵȻ֪ǰĿ뷨Ǹоڵ⣬ʹǰѾԶ
ԺپܾȥʷҪˡ
Ӧϡ
ߺƴһᣬԼһ˯ȥˡ
ȻһЩǱӷֱǶԽԽȻ˵ġϷ˳ȥ                        
лҪ˵һԤգԭܾ
ɽСˣĳͻȻֺܶУȿַֺҪ˫
֪ԼһԽһµһξͱŮ˵ԭ
ŮǰԵû뵽ԭѡ
İ
Ǵ޵֣޵̫įϲĴεԹ
ĳ죬˵һֱԼĵһޡϹޡˣܣȥΧŸͨͨŮ
סˣҿ
Ů˵ʲôȺܻȤ
ڸŮxɹ
ʵŮʶģΪԹϲȥʶŮ
Ůİ
֪Լƽӹϲûϵû˭ȣҲûΪʲô
ֻ밲ȹԼ
һԸʵ
ͻȻиŮռӣƤЦŭһϦӮ˵Ļ
Ƕϲüø
ƾʲô
΢ķˣķʽԼ
ģһͷø

 56 

Ⱥ, Ǵ˰ֲ˽⣺ˡ
Ǽ£ؼǶүӾ࣬ȴУʵǡ̵÷⡣
ǵȣഺòԸɧ, ôܵס뷿įء
˵֪µǵ, ģкϲļ˷ܵԼһ, ͵͵ʱֵ÷з
ȥֵʱ, ÿү׽ŭڵعһơ
𵱳ϵ, ׽־ֻҪɷѺͱڵˡ
ǴѪ, ɫǳݡȺǣ𻹵Цһ£ƺĶˡ
Աߵĵǽһü, ү, 治֪/᷸˴ϸý
ģô¼ҳֻû⵹ԼͱɱӺˡ
̴ȰⲻǹҸÿ, û˹Ķ䣬ǻȥɡ
ǲߣϲ
׽䳶ͷ׵ʣ˵Ұ־˭ģ
ֵòɿʱϷߵּҴΧ۵ȺһɢǵүʲôϷǰ˵ⶪۡ
׽ɫ࣬קһ·ȥá
ǿЩ̣ҲûӸȥýſ֣û˼ҵļ£ֻüġ
һ¡
ʱ䣬ʵʱѾҽΪʦʱݣΪġ
Ǻʦѧûãͺһ˽
Ϊ󱬷ߡҲǸʱڽطꡣ
ʦΪҸȾߣȥ磬ǻûֽ̡
Ӧó߻ûʼϼӷȻȥʦ
ǵȥ⡣
˸ΣھǺμߣοɱˡ
Ŀһ٣κ顣
ţ
ղϱЩؤȾ
ѾʼһⳡʮأһΡ
ҪԴͷֹȻ롣
ţͷףѾƴصġ
Ȼֻôʵеôݱô
ü˼ⲻ̧ḧŵüģôˣһξͽų
Ʋ죬δѡ˶٣ʵǲ֪ˣ
ⲻһԣǵĬϣæԹϣĺӵ˭ģ
ôֵ֪صһۣôʣǺӺйƵġ
ǵҼ˵Ҫ׶༪ˡ
㵣Щ⡣
ҡͷֻǾеǱƼ޽ģ׽˶ңƾʲôҪ
˶٣û뵽ô˵ǵ£û˽⣬ʱ˵էһЩ뾭ѵƺҲе
¡Ȩϡ
׼бȨ
ұ⵭
ǵɴ۾һ˵ﺢӺʲôϵ
ʲôЦԷǡ
׼ұϾǻ֮󣬲ȨȨɶϡ
˵ôһ䣬Ǿˡ
ԭʩҺ׼һԼʩûˣ׼Һ֮ǵúʡ
Ҵ˴֮ѻ٣ȫЯŲڱĭⲻʱʱ
Ļһ
ãûжùֶΡ
֮ǰ˵ĳףΪȫ룬Ǽްɡ
⿴仯˵ɫе֣򲻻뵽ʲô
ˣرҽܲܰҴҽΪʦǣ
ʧЦȻһֱֻĺײβûϢ
ðɣ̾
ʧطſ֣Щ½ǣ
ǰôûʱɣͼʱ֡
·Ѿϰˡ
ͻȻˣϷεˣ򣡡
һæܳȥ
Ϸ˱̧ͻط䣬Ǹŭġ
תͷϧɫҰ׵վԱߣͷȫ麹ʵˣҸҲһ°ɡ
áϧ˵֣ȻֻŲס˹ȥ
һŭġʱŷǶѪ·Ҳմˡ
⣬⻹ѪˣѵѪ
ǳţ׽׽ֵվ棬Ҳɫء
лһ˿Ρ
Ѱȫɵվһߣ˻һ
ڿӰϻаӡ࣬վԺûƵģææȥ
㵽ʲôǺߵǰ
ǣ˵Ҳ֪˭ģǣѰ׽ģ׼ҵģǲصġ
ţ㡣
ǲˣһ˶ٵ񰡡
Ϸ˵ķţݺһڣԼĶӡɷǸʲôɫҡ
룬ʵǲǹõϷֵģ
һЦûأǸϸţҷˡ
׼ҵ֣׼᲻öֻõϳˣ˭ֳء

Ϸתʱ򣬿ֻţ̲סһᡣ
ˣԵ㶫ɡǶ
Ϸңʣأ
ء
Ϸ˹˲ϳԶŮɱˣǸݲҲ׼Ұϣȥڡ
ʵϷҲѾˣ˵ûˡ
̬ԶûҪ⡣
ҲΪһ׼ģͰ˳ȥ׽׽ֵܱ϶մһܣϵ֮Է˼ңˡ
׼Ҿôɢˡ
˳Ϸ˶Ӧ˵˻Ự˰ҩϷ˺ܿ˯ˡ
ţǾе壬Ժиڵ
һ磬ϡ
̾ص治顣
⣺
ָϵ磬Ӧðҡ
ǲ1.0.2.0
һ£ʧЦԹ԰¸滹¶ȡ
ǿ˿ϱ׼ķɫ磬ȻĴ𣬲ɷ˵ùϡ
ǡ΢غȴҲûֹĺ֡
Цһᣬ̧ͷҹգסֻ¶һĽǡ
֪Ϸ˺ʹԺô졣̾
˵ıȫȻģգ
Ҳû뵽ôһ¾׼ңȻʡ˲£Ƿǣ
֮ǰβ£㳤ˣҸ㰲һլӣͰȥɡ
һϷǡ
òԶǻģÿ춼ǡ
õȫ
ʹʵϲסСլӡһᣬʵÿ𣿡
⺬ЦҾͦõģϲٸ㽨һ                        
лҪ˵ǣ磬¹ˣ
jj׼ʱģҵĸ

 57 

լǸܼ򵥵Ժ, ͤˮ鿣߰ǽסˮīһǺ⣬ȥ
Դûúù󣬱ϾҲûʵֻһ, ʱ, ΣҲû֡
ѡֻ֢һģһֻɫͬ¯Ҳܾ졣
ĸã⡣
ܺ, ɡ⵭
Ҳ̫ˡ֪˵, Ǯ, ;˷ʱ䡣
˰죬е, ·˼ˮ⡣
ʲôȥóü·ߵĶɾ, ҵֳԶ, ̫Źۡ
÷ǼֱڴԼҧһڵˮ
⣺
߶Ҿˡǵ˵ʱ͸ˡ
Ŀ΢۽ޣ֪ʲô
ǿˮ, ִһ£Ҫһ˿档
⿴ϳµۣü̲סó˲ʵҲɾͼοˡ
⡣ǿࡣ
ʲô
ǲϲҹ͵ģˣһֱãϲĸġ
һ£˼˵ϲ㡣

סЦ
̲ס
⿴ƲƲһЦգҲ΢Ц
عӣǣҲⰡ
Ϥ̧ͷȥȻ
뿪׼Һƺݹŵױһǳɫȹٰ죬δǧС㣬ʶ˾벻Ѿ޹ˡ
һΪǿ·ߵءԱ¡
լЩ˸طԷǵ
ع֮ǰͺҪüլӣұ˵µլһ͸㣬Ͼعӳ
Щǣ۲Ǳߵݣ͸˿˿Ƶġ
ƲƲ졣
ô˼ؽĸлһСӰɣ뿪ҽݡ
ǵһҲľģǷ飬͵Ƿ
Щ죬û뵽ǻֱӿҪ⣬⵭ʵ֪ɷ㡣
ѯʵ̬ȣ֪ûʸܾ
û뵽ûģСһ׮ˡԴȥ棬
ǵֻῴῴģҲÿƾɡ
Ӧ£ܿ뿪ˡҲûٹ֣ͻȥˡ
ⷢƲʵ֮ǰǻôںϲˣ
һʱһʱҡҡͷĸŮһ꾫ǰΡ
ظȥæˡ˼Ÿòðξʵ¸ȻƾԼºѸ毵ܡ
ʵ̫˼ˣܽ𣿶Ƕ˽⣬һ֪ԼҪصһ磬Զ뿪һ᲻κδ۽¡
̫ˣ
Լ롣
-
һҹǱ֦ѵġ
ôͻˣеκġ
Ŵ죬Ƿ
ϴͺ֦һȥѾڹǰ
ϳסˡ
ڳУĿ
һɫͦΣ°ɢѩ׵ı˿ϡ
ۣĿ䣬ö㵵
˳ᣬµġ
һ򿪵ķʽԡ
£ƿһǡ
ǿǺɫա
תͷȥ֦֦֣ʾȥ
ӲͷƤϳ
£ңǲϴˣ
ûУһ·̡
ǵɴ۾⣬ⲻ̫ðɡ
Ҳѡͽȥ󡣡ޱ˵

ҧҧʵ¾ôܷŹң
ҪʱԸ̹ס
ָȴȫûǴ룬ֻΪ毵ʲô
̾£Ĳǵˡ
бһۣǾ롣
ʻţⰲؿ飬ȴǸסģΡ
΢Ѳ۷ǳ͵滹һһݻʡıǶʯͬǳ޲ȥаĦЧ
˽ϣֵʱӴ⴫ǶŴӣϧⴰľģΪ˸صúʵ
ľͿɡ⿪ڣĿȻеϡ
Ͽ۾á˵
⿴΢ڹޣ
顣
ҲܷϣȻ߳ŭô졣
ķ飬ʼԱеˮ
һᣬʵסˣСһ顣
֣ûзƤֽʴֲڣ̯͵͵ġ
Ƿһˡ
ΪԼ˻þæ۾ȻӲ̧ͷЦЦؿԼ
£ǣ飿ŵʡ
ʺҵġ
˭׼㶯ģ
裬̫߳˰ȣ
̣
ʺôдֶǲˡ
ͷҲ÷˼ԽĲ鶼յˣֻһдּ޲ϴ
ҪصľС飬˺ô󹦷Ū֣
ҲŹ㡣
ǿⱾСĿŤ
дģԼûУ߼ôˬôŷҡ
Ҫ֪ᱻ⹷˷ǰƴһҲҪˣ
ǾһҪⱾʬ𼣣ԺסѱȡЦ
Ѿ𣿡
ᡰšһͦȤġ˵ǲдģ
ԲǣʸڷϣΪʺȽϤʹŻѡġ
ҲɣͷϲһΣȪ
ɣ
޻ῼԡ
䡣
Ǻͻʵۻȥˡ˵ţ޻𣿡ʵ͵͵ģĪĸˡ
ǳ˳ǣ˭֪أʵС˵Ͼǲͬġ

һ·޻ʱһջ齣ڿ˺ӽ
ӽͬһͬӱµ˱ܾʣ׷ӽͶȥͬЦĿ⡣
ӽɫףۿ΢ؿ
ԽԼˡ󷽷߹ȥۿЩ뿴Ϸˡ
˻ִ֪磬裬ҵʶ߿ˡ
ԲˡھΣʵʲôû
ӽֻǰ˵ؿܼˡ
ӣ㲻Ըģ͸ңҪһĬĬܡҴߣЩˡ
㲻췴ɣ
ӽսȭͷ߷߿ڵķ
ĿŵռޣҲò
е㺦£·æûǿʲôɵ£ǼҾʣһѪˡ
̨ʷ·ʲôϷǱԼ׵ˡ
ӡӽϧؿ϶ʲôί
лҪ˵ʵξ/
⣨ǾȻдˣҿ
⣨üţһζ
ǣ

 58 

ûͺӽ˵仰, Ǳ߾˺ȥԷˡ
ӣȥգǵýţԤ߲ӽóٸַķҸ
ǽӹţллһŵġ
ӽֹһ, ֻӱءȻȥ
ʹʹ, 룬ͦõģն, Ȼʼµ
ԹصУǴϴϴ˯ˡĲ, õʯۡ
ֺ÷Ǿͽʯ۲ͷ, һͷʲôûС
ڷ˸Ҳûҵ
ѯŵѾ, ˽ҵķ𣿡
Ѿҡͷ
üûô򵥡
֪ܣ͵ʯۡ
Ϊʲô, Ҫֹ, ֮ǰ޷ӦΪɵġ˭ΪʲôҪôôģ
ôˣ˺ת⡣
վʲô
ûʲô
Щü, أ˵û¡
ҹ֣ȥߣͬһ𡣡
ϳȥܾúڰˡ
ˣϢ
ⲻõض˯ѹԲЩ
Ҵˣ˯ˣ
ס·ҷĳ嶯ƹˤ־ְɣҲû˿ҿľͺá
⿴һۣˡ
̾ϴ˯ﻹһ˿ңϣΡ

εûУˣȫǿ⣬ȡ
Ұʱ컹š
ʪˣһѿˮ
տζ洫ǻΪԼΣһᣬױˡ
Щ˼·Ҫȥ˭ҹŶ
һ򿪷ţͼԺһ˱ǰ
һѾʹӶûУߵǰſ⡣
Ļ»¶Ǻһš
רĿ⡣
£ʲô˶ɵˣΪԼΡ
ҹ⿴Ҳûأתеľǩ
Ϊʲôҷſڣ
޿ľͺá

㶿ſϵһʳƵƬ͵ļᣬ廨⣬дĽ빽֭Ƥͷ⻹мţܵȻֺÿ
ſˮӽеԽˡ
Ҫ𣿡ʡ
ģǹġٳҹҲϲĶ׼˵
Ҳϲ⣬ϻȾζżһΣЩʳҲԵġ
ϲԵʱ򣬾ֱڳɵԺʱ𣬾ͻָ
ڷأǾҲûԹˣΪ̫ˡ
ʹ֪ǹģǻûϢˡ
԰ײԡ
£ɡڿɲԶ֡
⿴û
ѿˮνȥˡѡ
죬õȷŵĵذǩպϽϡ
ֺúǲſʼԼԣֱǩҧ
ǳɵպأĺþûˡ
˸жˮ
һտĳ£ǰΪһֱңС֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
̲סЦû뵽ô׾ͽˡ
֪ôˡ
סǣ޿ɴû㣬ˡ˵ɣֲһ䣺úð޶źӽԺٲĺô
ǵͷ˿ڹƣϲ޻ơ
һˣֺ˼
Ųô죬һϸڻӳ¾Ө˸
ȻЩڸ
ǻҪٵסžƺ֣ȡǾԼ̵ˣֱһ·ϡ
ˣٺȾˡ΢ƣԼƲס뾪毵ӡ
˺˯뵽Ժȥ⣬̲ס
̧ͷ޼һôһ˲䣬Ǻࡣ
Ѿˣֱȥ
ɫɶʵ㣬ûл˵𣿡
ʲôûעԳƵı仯
Ŀ΢䣬ſ֡
ǼȾƣܿ;ͷˡ
ûԭǿ
벻̫࣬ҡҡλεվڳݲص£ȻȥϢˣҲϢ
أᵹ߻ȥû˵ȼյ̼
ֱԵ
һͷֻſſڣһûˡ
ЦãæȥУȻȥš˽Ӹ
Ǳ۶˶㣬Ȼֱסˡ
ǴǰҲСĺ˯ԵúܡⲻҲʲô˾ӣֵóû١
ûеƣڴϣôš
ǲʲôġ
Ǹĵˡ
硭ϵںڰһ

޲ڰҡѡ
-
һ˯úȻûΣԼ˸Σ泩
Ѿ߽µʱǲŷԼҹԿ·һζ
ôطţ
ԴһƬհס
֪֪ҹԺտѾߡ
Ѿ߲֪ôҡͷ
ˣǼ飬Լ϶Ⱦָˡ
ǰ֮ⶼޡ
Ǻûȥ緹̵ʱԸ
ֱƿ俴Ƕû˵ˡ
ϳǳһ仰Ҳ˵͵͵⡣
عӴսɫۣʮˬ
̫ˡ
£ǲǡݡ
⿴ͨĶ䣬ƺʲô
ţ
ˣǲǡ
⡰Ŷһȷʵðޣûϵ޾Ͳƽˡ

ңð㣿ǲš
ǰˮϣð
üϸ룬һӡûС
ֻͣ
Ȼ㻹
˵ûСɣǵͷ
ʲôüû塣
٣ҡһһС˵ָµ档
Цһ£鳰ζôš

ŲŲŬԶ㣬Ѭ
Ŀе㷸ɲǰֻΣŬ۾
һ·žڵĳˮİϵȵЩ̲סųڣƤԽԽȫ۴ˡ
⿴ԴŵĽһһεģüҲơ
һߣһײȴûԤеʹ
ţóݰײҲۣͦģʹ˲䡣
ԣ͵طӦۡ
̧ͷһһֻ޳ֺͳ֮䡣
·ϤǺȻе㲻תͷˡ
ʿֱҵ
ǽӲתתӣбԼûʲô飬ֻ˫ڵһһ˿޵Ц⡣
ݣ¡ڨЦֱӣ
ջ֣ݵڣżÿģÿɻ
ҲǣҲǣǸҪ⡣
ˣͶˡ
°ӣʥ졣
ӣૣ˫ַ˷°ڣ̫ӳ޵ϥСҲԡ
ǵһ⣬ôСʰԽ
ûٶԡ                        
лҪ˵ĺտ
Сѣ̫ˣԺһϣ
һ߸һ߸£де㼱дֻ䲻ͨĵطӭָлл

 59 

·, û̫ల£ҲûΡ
˽̲סƿ档ȻȣѾ꣬·, ǻҵеĸо
غһ, ̫ˡ
˲࣬ǺȻһˮƻûգȻӦ, ֣
ڿʲô
óȫ, Ҳ濴ȥ
һЩѰ־, ΪߵĿ־ţƽʱ
ǿһ, Цøˣ۾ģһ
, ǿʲôÿ̲סѲӡ
, Թˮ𣿡ǺȻʣһ˿ĪćNɪ
ⲻ⣬ôԣ
ǣֻͻȻĳһԹ, 뻳

ϸ룬ȷԼûԹʲôˮ⡣
Ǹĳ˭
˭ҪŬԼ̫ҧгݡ
ǿһۣЩҡͷֲʶ
ۣϣ㵨ӱˡ
һ㣬ЦЦ
毺ȫһϳ̬
Ц
ΪǸĳ
ȣǺӽ
ӦȵĸʴһЩһ
룬;̡
ӴǽͨУ˵ͨǸŮӣͬʱǽǮŮ̡
³ʱ߹ҵңдһء֣һ˿΢ԤС
ŮԳӭӣǼһۣԣƴĹʮֽޡ
ɲ
Ѿ˽ûݣٲȻһļơ
ߵݣȻǽȥһ·ʽһһشָơ
һֱڴ
ܵߣҲƨߵ˹Ȼع㡣
Ǹһ£ȴ⵭ɣȱ˵ۡ
Ƿ˸ۣԵģʲôģ
΢Ц
ȻԴǼȻǣŮӺͱ˵ô⣬ҲգǾȣֶ࿴Ǽۡ
°ٺúȥܹܽ̲סʵһӭʥݣŮϻ̳Ͽ֣ܹܶ㡣Ҽλʮر𣬲֪λˣ
̾Ǿͷۡ
֮ǰ毡
ȻԶڽ󣬵ǵҲע֮ǰ½Ǵ͸̫享ӽһ£Ϊ䶯û뵽ô͵Ļתˡ
ǰ黢
ⰲٺú㿪ʼڹԱ£ҲţȥҽݿΡ
ǸճžͱѾˡ
صطԸùﰲţܡ

ֻֻˡ
ĵʱˡ
Ѿߺʲ־صضǵﻹҪʲôܷԸǡ
лˡЦԽԽ̾Եֵ
ЩԼ񣬺ʶһ
û뵽ô飬·ƵģҲ൱ʢÿ˻иԢ⣬һͣ˳ܽķס
ԹҪ˵ǶЩᷳˣҲ˼ܾ
æˡ
ʥݣæˡ
󣬽һˮŵϣȻ¡
ֻǿϵˮ⣬ֵؿ⡣
ôֲĸо
£̫ŵϵҩζϤζųЩѹȸ
̲סԱŲŲ
£
һˮ⣬͵ߡ
ŰˣӶҲҶ
һж
졣
ʲû˵ͱһ顣
ó𡣡ʡ
Ǻͷ
ųʲô֣Ѳ޻¶
˭֪ء
ЦЦ΢ָĦǣȥ
Ǹĳ˭Ժ㿴ˮ⣬ֻ׼ޡ

һ飬Լһڣţǲ
Ϊ˿ˮ⣬ҹ˵ζ黰̫˰ɣ
ˮ⣬ȷʵĿڸϸ塣
ԵģоҲܶء
Ҫء
£ǳˮ⣬мʾ
ü˵ɡ׼ˡ
һҽȥҽݰæ

£ͷ۵ط
ͷ֪Ϊʲôܾˡ
ôȥ
ȥȥɣ̾÷˵ձȥˡ
ڶһ磬ǻسˡ
벦Ѿ߻ܾˡʱǾж
˺ǻͷһŮ֡һϳͽ淮á
ô⣿е㾪ȣû뵽Ҳ̫ҽԺˡ
¶׼ǸųܵǸһ𡣡
⾹Ȼͽɸš
ܺ淮ؿͷңʦ
ǰʱߵʱʦҲôװ롣
Ҽǵǻλʦãôûһʵ
ܶ˶٣Ӳʡ
ӲʡƲƲ죬֪Ѿͷ̰ǽڡ
һҽݣҽݵֹ̫ۣΪв˯ڵϣһ̲ʹ/ڶ
ԽӦԴʩ⣬ΣһЩʲô
ǲֻ̫ܾ࣬ߵˡ
ҩȼյζǳ̱ǣеϢ淮ܵһμֳ棬һʱľ
߿淮ҩҩһЩֻ
ϸÿҽǰкû
Էʱÿ˵һλһתĸʱתͺˣһ˿Ϣᡣ
ǽűɻ÷ǣ淮ܣǵһô͵߲𣿡
ˣôвµġʦ˵̫ƽʢҰףΣѹͷͦ
ʦ̵áԵ˵
һæһ죬Щ꣬׽ࡣ
ĺʦæʱҲϲԽⱡɻ÷ǣԡܵ
淮ͣҲи纮ҪԼȫ¶
Ȼǣ˵ʲôʵأ
Ц˶Ƶġ
ҹǺ̫ҽһ𿪻ᣬǺ淮
ʱûʲôҪģɢҪȥȴˡ
¡̫ҽæϻ̳ϿֵعݣһҲŵˣŹһء
⿴һȦûˣüʵء
أ̧̧֡
⿴һŶҵ˻צӣÿϴµɴᣡ
û뵽滹ϵһֻ֣¶ֻ۾գգͿ
һû࣬°϶ðɫˡ
һУһط
ʶͦǿġ̿                        
лҪ˵⣺ĳ˵˭
ǣͲ
һءꡤ⣬һءʵԵ¡⣬ĸ㶪أ
ǣȫҪзз

 60 

ʹֿ˸СȶԲ, ǳſȥһ£·
ͼæ˼־롣£Ͳһ죬СΪá
˶, ûн顣
׼ʱؾȥ·, 
Ÿյһ죬ȥˣ
Ը£Ծౡֻ֮Ƚ, Ϊ忼ǣӦþ뿪
Լ⣿⿴, 붼롣
ǣզ, ôΪΪػ£㲻һҲ, Ȼôף
طʱѽʱšֻϿϴϴ˯û뵽ӽˡ
, ˵ȥҽˣ
ǰ, ˡ
ӽЩ۵ؿȰΣ࣬»ȥֲһ
ǲ⻰ȥ, ԼӧҪ˶룬ҽҲˡ
ʦҽûлЩҽĳëûʲôȡ෴ķƱꡣ
ǵݰΪʦʱ򣬰Ҫһϵ£ûûһҽ
ʱʮǻ̫ȫŵĳأˡ
Ҫҽھͺˣǳ̾Ը߲о顣
ӽ˶٣û뵽ӻһƬ֮ģʺﵹԽԽˡ
ǿ˽ʺˣ
ӽҡͷܾǰʺﻹʷةʱԶԶһΣֻһ֮Եˡ
˵ȤԶԶһۣûʺô
ӽû뵽ôʣһ£ϸ롣
ͦƯģʺر𡣡
ѽС˵ôô
ȻȲ㡣
ǣ˵ƭ˵Ĺ
ӽʵƣܿ뿪ˡ
ǸɵڴϣѾߵŽһСƿӡ
һ˵֮ǰסĿ͵ɨģǲµġ
Ƥһǲɵʯۣ
ʱұ˷Ҳûҵôֱ˷ˡ
ѵͣˣ
ǴţҲȷǲԭʯۡˣɻҽһ¯ﵹ˰ƿӡ
-
һʢ
ʯ۳ϲҲ
ȥӣʱ仹ͣϴ뿪ʱ
˷С㣬˵æˡֵУ̱һᣬȥˡ
ĽðԺ޹˼ɵڴϡЩʳģĺúöա
ڿۣǰȻһɧҡ
СӸվס
̧ȥֻ֣һȺ׷ʲô׷СΪխмϴء˺̷ǼţҶһء
Ǹ׷Ƶģײ
ûӦ;תվûˤѾϵĲײˡ
ɵ
Ĳˣŭͷ𣬻ûüֻץס֡
ҡ
һ˿ʡʯĳ˶
ǵͷȥһͷɢСкڣ
ǣǿ
컯վȻ£ڣǷŭ̧ͷȺ׷˹ָŭʶĿ
һеܵôˣĬĬԱŲŲ
Скץָˡ
úǰȼٸ״ڻܱɡ
ǻû꣬ͿӰһһǼһףڱ»һߣ֮ء
Ⱥһӯʱɡ
û°ɡǼǰ¡
֪˰бղžӦöװˡ
ǿ˿ȣ򶨵صû¡ǸСкʵλСôЩˣ
СкĨҽΤĸϳˡǶ˷ӣץȥˡ
ôңˣǺףСؼˡ
ԸѾߴΤȥԡºǾڳﵷˡ
֪˶ãǺȻи
ʲô
תͷվŸСˣΤŲ̫鲼ѣɫǲ̬İףβ΢ӣʱһǸ˧ȡ
Īе졣
һᣬΤ˼ˣ߬½Ťʣôʲô
꣬ⲻǺӽ
ӽΤ
ӣ

Ƿһᣬ΢
ӽ˵ԼСĥĸϳҲܺ
ôôɣý˽
ҪҪ⣿
ǳ˼ţĲ˶Ҫˣӽæǰ׾ֱӰѲ˳̵֡
ӽһס̺֣һӦǣΨ
ﵹæˣҨһưˮϴȻȥɡ
Բ㣬ʵһɺܶģҡ
ǻûҪôԴӽֻȰ򷢳ȥ˵                        
лҪ˵״̬̫ãе٣˼QAQ

 61 

æ˰÷, ӽԱߴʺƨ
ûпĴ㣬ʵ㣬𣿡
򡣡

춼ˣŲţûոϻԷ
ǲ̫, Լʢԡһ, ֺӽվԱ߿š
е㲻ڵؿ˿ȣҲ԰ɡ
лл㣡ӽ˸߲ҵ£һ̫, ڼҳԵĺöˡ
ʵ𣿡
ӽЩįҡҡͷ̫æˡ
, æźء
, ҿɲס£ʲôܸɵġӽĿе
ӦˡȰ, ⶨᡣϾǺĶӣǸ롣
ǱģȵҹʵڵȲס˯ˡ
˯һ, ģģоġ, ͵ؿһӰڴϡ
һ˵㣬ϳ⡣
ˡ˯죬塣
ˡ һͺ
𣿡
û
Ǿ֪۹űӶЦ, ˷
һ٣
ܵز֣ѷȺýҲԡ
ôˣ׻ʳ
˭ҳˡǴһ¡
εҡҡͷֻŷ˻ʱѾԹǰ
ֻһյƻ˸ɫâźů
ô˿õüλã¾ѡ
ʵҲûкܶڣʵôôæ
ܱӵ̫Ѹ٣Ұԭ֮ƣҪӿ뽭Ҳ˵Щⲻƣس̾һ
Щĵԭ˵ֻͽǾ塣
˻ͣⲻ֪жһС
˵ڽðû°ɣ
ҡͷ⺫ӽ£Ѿˣǲٲġ
վҪţһҪġ
һЩҽȥҽݰæ
üֹ̧ᰴͷѨλ
𣿡
ģᡣ
ҰĦտɺˣԺ㰴
ЩЦڣû˵һᣬŵ찴㻹ǲ׼ȥ
޳ܣ
֣ص
ʵһ鶼ûУѵΪʵ毣Դ
ˣһȥˣҲϢ
ץס֣һ˯ɡ

⻳ԼĶ䡣
ûӦѾ·һףִ齣
һ޴ؽţ㡭
˯ɡǱؿڡ

⣬񲻺ϡ˼ŴӺＷ֣˵Ҫƿ
֪֪֪֪㴫ȥ𻵵ҲҵҶ£ʲôס˵ˣ㲻ҪȢ
Ҳܡ
Ĳ˯̧ͷü𨣬һ˿
㣬ô˵ֻ
룬˵ܲţֻǰҲ˵һģһΣֻ˵ˡ
ֻأĹ˭
㲻ѹ޵ɨĺᡣ
úе㷢˵
Ҳߣ»ŵ㡣
ǳգۣһῴ˯˯š
ⶨһᣬͷ˯岻ã˯ɣعҡ
šüصһ¡
ôھҷܹˣ
ոջ˵Сèôһת۾צˡ
ǣżæͣǰ׾ˡ
ǵȻɻؿڣͷÿҪæô£˯ú׳µġ
ڳɵʱҲÿ춼пʱ³ٷϴˣҹ춼⧶
ҲкܶҪ
һŵҽȥȥɣÿβҲ࣬ҪúϢ
һ˿Цָĺᣬ˵˯βһҪ
̨ʣ
˵žףҲһͣ΢رˡ
һ̧˫һ١
˵һ鳣ʱֻ뾲ر˴ӵһͬ׵ҹһ׹۵Σ޹ط¡
ͷһ۾˯ɡ˵ѽУ§С
ĦƷһʱžֻ˵ĺ
һᣬ뿴˯ŵӡ
̧ͷ°ͣñ磬ܿ
ⲻ˵ˣ۾ľǰδеƽ밲ƶˣ·嫺ƮһҶۣ˼С
ôûһ̱ڸе㡣
ԽƶеˣȫþһҪػˡ
ź³ԭǸද֢ͯڳɵʱ챻Ⱨţÿÿ˯ˣö֮ϰˡ
⵹ǺܿɣżƵı˯ˡ
೤ǲ̧ۿ˯ʱʱ׺࣬޺üȻš
ǳƬ̣̲ס̧ƽ
⵹һζ˯գǰҲ͵ġֻ˹ȴǵһΡ
Ů۶˯ˡ
ԺҪһֱһѽ

ûʱˡ׼ʱȻѣһ۾ȥǡ
˯̫ڣ˯ǳҹѺüΡ
Դбǽڣżϡһƴϡ
ƫƫͷˡ֧ϰ˿¡
ô˯գе㲻ˡ
һᣬ´Ŵϡ

 62 

׿, ÿ춼ȥҽӽҲСβһ档
߲䲻֢״ǿҴȾԼǿ̶̼͸ֵĽһĻ̡̻
ڲҪö࣬Ѿݣеļֻͥʣ¹¶ĸ, ڼҵŶ
ֵߵ̶Ϊʱҽ®, ·ַҩݺһЩƷ
ÿÿЩҪˣ
һ³ڡ
ת, ֻ׳һȺжոշȥƷԼ
ͷǸ֣, ׼Ĵ, ƽվĶԡǾ⼸ĥĶ, ʱûЩ
ǣҷ£ǸϹȥȻ֪֣ʲôͷ, Ҳ֪, ô֯϶ָʹ
ôģֻ׼ˡ
˽ʣ޼Ļסô
ǻ˵, ô죬һκõ𣡡
ú磬ЦҾβˣѵɱ𣿡
óذ׶ǡ
ֱ֣ӰԼ½ǿ¶һƬţ޿ֵضǵĵ⡣
Ĳ붯֣ûɱˣɱԼ֡
ס֣һԵĺӽȥǽ߳һͣǰ
֣һ˿ûǸߵСצӣˡ
ӽϷأȻǵڻû˵Щֵػͷֻһַͷ˫ĿգƺҪվסˡ
㣬û°ɣӽͷסһ߽ԼڵϣЪһᡣ
⼸ҹ£۲ѣģֻһѣΡ
ŷؿڣһʹȥ
̵ģ
Ҳôƴˣֻȥú˯
ӽԱҲо״̬ѾˣæȥϢɣҾǰҰȥҪҲһЩġ
ǻڱĿϢû۾۵˿ݾ
֣˵ѹһ飬׼ˣһЩСģûҸֻں͵͵©
ǿЩ
ܲˣҲˡվ׼ȥϴϴ˯
ڴʱһѵصĽʿųìЩΧס
˧ʱѰߣɱۡΪ׵Ľʿӣޱ飬˵ɷ
ϵ£нǿе˧⡣
ȺԼ֣״ҪĶֱӳϵľ
һ䣬֣Ѿ۾£ϺһѪڡ
ѪȻڿеҩζֱġ
ͷѾˣʣµĶľѾѶ£ˡ
ûĿԱ˿첽æߵĽʿһ¡
Ѿߵǰɫɷףüʵô
ɫҴңȻѾô˿ǣ£̲סֱߵ¸˹
ҡҡͷ֪˵ʲôֻǿһ̾ͺۿ
⿴и껹ڲߣʮͷһ˫۾ʮֺڣǳǳס
ûü룬һѴᱧ
̲סһ졣
Ǹе̰ˣڴͥǡ
Ҳϰɴţ졣
͵͵ƳˣΧĽʿûƵģλüշʡ
вȾ𣿡Сʡ
ȾϾͲˡ
аȣ߼
µѾѺڵˣ⿴ҲûһֻۣޱضԽЩ˵ʬڳǽЧȣֱ
ǺȻ𵱳ŰҲôѹġʱڼȫ˽̫ˡ
ò˵ɱϣʱǺܹõġ
һͱһ·ֱլӣ˷Űŵϡ
̫Ѿ̲ס˯ˣͷϣֻżȻͣȸ
⼸ѾһȦܶڡ

ʱѾˣûƣһƬ谵žпڴߵ
һ˯ĺһзն׿ˡ
ܿҲˣ̧ͷԼھֻСƵģˣʲô
ҡͷʲôɣ밲غһᡣ
æˣһֱûߣ˵ţһֻֻɢڴصͷ
ûߣЦͲæ͵һ᣿
䣬֮ǰߵĺӽʵǺӽϴģ
ӣǲҪ¡
ǺСӣкӽ˵Ǳĸϳģ֪ǲǱоġ
˵ܲţһ׿ڰҴ͸檡
ģŲΪϸ񣬺Բɺϡ
ü˼һᣬʵôʵݵģ
ͷĵ˵ҵȻͨˣɱСҡ                        
лҪ˵Ĳ࣬˼ȥ

 63 

Ϣһ, ˵˺ӽԺûټӽ֪ôˡ
е㵣ģϾӽڲʮһ̫ܾ꣬Ĳ
ǸɴɱɷŹӣΪһ仰ͺһ޹, ˡ
, ǻûüӽȥͶ˵ҵҽˡ
ϢǺϢǼɫ, ֲõԤС
Ⱦʱ, ˻赹ڳ, ܲáⱾΪҵҽһоͿӭж, û뵽ҽκ˲öҪء
ǲŵصɴ۾
ʦ˵С󳢱ٲݣһٶ֣, 춼ûҧʵڽӦʱû, ôȾ
Ǵһᣬǲţߡ
ȥ
оʮֿذһİ˵ӣЩ֡
ں, ȥɡ
ҡͷĲأҪȥ
Σֻȥ
ҽݻæµرŵһɾС䣬ڻ˯
ڴǰʵؼˣȴȫˣʵڰٸн
һᣬָ
ʦʱ򣬰ǹϡ֮꣬׷Բȴ塣Ǽǵʦʱ廹ȽȴǷвˡ
һᣬǺܿͷΡҽʮ꣬ḻôᲡñһ˻Ҫ
Ƕ˵Լǡ
ߣȷʵкҺƲʱѾҽȾҲΪֻǲ֪Ϊʲô˷ڳſڣǷ֡ҲЩ
ԭ֪ǾԼײˣӣжԲˡ
ô졣̲סʡ
ЦЦȻǽƾͼƣ͡
룬Ȼӽ
ˣӽأһ춼û
⿴˿ζʣ㻹
ڳԴֻǸӰ
ȷʵû뵽©ӽۣЩãСӣǲǹӣҲ㡣
̾˿ʼտĶǰա
ס֣Ժһ·ۣĸµķ緶
ˣûʵ۾ĸˡ
ѹǣ鿪֣˵Ժ˱ء
ôô룿üԼĻɡ
Ҵûһʵûк󹬡
ܼܿˡ
ǰƵˣƲ졣
ôˣزȻ·Ѿ
ΪʲôҪΪЩĪе
֪ûаȫУڵʵЩĪ
һᣬͷĳԺҪʳˣкܶ෽㡣
һ²ŷӦ΢΢鴤
ǾԼ˲٣вˡҪǻʵе⣬϶Ź
-
ǵҹҽţҲֻʱͨ˵ˡ
ȥˣʶ̫ѣ˫Ŀɢ
˵˼仰
һ·Ѿڰ˽ˣķʲôͲǵˡ
ʲô˽ٵģȻңѾҪˡû뵽ѾҩæʵڻǵǷ𣿡
ʵףʦԲ̫á
˼ãɫûش⡣
κһκǧˡ
ҽϾҽеġ
ʱȣֻðһ죬żҽȥ
ֻص˵ڿҿѧҽʱ
˻ᣬ̾⼸Ӷ֢ҩܻͨ˭дģҡ
ǿ˿ȣ½Եãˣ²š

㣿۴ëѾͷ㲻Ѿ𣿡

мһ˿ЦΪûҲ
ǲ̫ţ⣬ȫԴ
˭ѧҽЩʵ
˵ѧɲ𣿡
һ£û뵽ô˵ǻ˱ˣ¾ΪԴ󡣵Ҳ񣬴˿̲ǺԼ
ãЦ˼Ǹ֮ġ
ǰƲ죬ʦˣӲɽҲ
˭֪ôһء                        

 64 

˰ļ, һԣ˼̽ԵͻϮʿӦսǽڽڰˡ
⵹֮ǰ࣬˼Ϊ³׼÷ʱĽʿȻ, ڿʼٽ
ݷ, Ϊľǣ»
ǿ⣬һϲŭɫ, ʱҲ¶š
Сһ㣬ҪСǶ, Щ
ȥȥ˵, ˡ
ģȥҽݿ˿ҽݻΪ, ĲѾ֮ǰࡣ
ĴתתȻһˣǻͷڵ, Ϥס
߽ϸ˿, ϳѰᣬһϢرڵϡ
Դϴ׼ҩ֮Ǿûٹע׼ҵˣô䵽ز
һԭǴҩ¼, ϳ׼үɢˡ׼ǶүǰϷҸŮոŭԣǽƣưײƣȻ׼ҵ޶á
ǺйڣҲڼȣͨ˱׼ΣȨˡ
뿪ҽݺǲȥϷ˺ϧ׸ֻͥ壬˱֮ǰ˴롣
ߵϷǰ̴̴ǾǴ
ôͻȻˣϷ˻˯ء
ҵһᣬǵҽݿѰˣϷ˺ʹˡ
̴ЦŵѾûʲôˡ
һ㶣ǰɣѵϧ
̴㿴⸱飬æͣ˱үˣ类ӻˡ˵̾ҽ洫Ѿڽ󴫿ˣϷٺòˣϷ˾ͷԽԽˡ
ֵǽ沲̶̼ͣһұ£˼ʵǸ
Դӹ븮׸ع壬ǳšȻЩͶҪ˼Ҳˡ
û뵽⻹Ԯ֡
˵һỰ̴Ϸˣʹǽȥ
Ϸˣ˭ˡ̴ӣһǵϷ˻Źء
ǷǰϷ˰ʮϷۣһϳ
˵˻Ựó־Ѿ̫ˣϾʹˣ־ôʡ
ظ⻹ûһսûôףǶǺĵġ
ϣ⼸Ǻһ˯ģȻֻǵĸޱ˯ѡ̵֪ܣŬǰάһ˾ӵӣҲ
û뵽˯ϰˣڣǾȻеߣڴϷ˺һ˯
-
Ǳ˺ѵġоԼĴֲڣȴůᣬֺϤĸо鲻ԽҪ
Ժۣ
ŷ˸Ҹ˯
һ¡
˯֪˯𣿡
õתͷ谵ⲻ컹û𣡡
ⱻЦˣ˯ڣ㲻𣿡

ſͷһᣬתͷգ˼۾ڿˡ
⣬۵⡣
ȥ̻۶ˡǵĵһ뷨ȻŷӦ
˯ôãǴӴ
ҹһأ˵ûҲҽ̫ˣûû뵽ûôҲвŵò֪Ǻõʱ򣬲ڰˡ
ǲ̫ˣ첻׼ȥҽˡҽߣܲעһԼȥչ˱ˡ
仰ԭⳣ˵ģǻûӦԼ毣Ҳû֡
עǰ䣬Ҫס䣬뵽ôˡ

 65 

˵ͷӦ, 毴ǰҽƽʱԣôܻа취ߡ
Ȼü̫ҽԺն޲ߣز¶
Ǽ, ȵҲ, ֻμκߣ»Һöƽ𡣡
ⱻЦһֲ˯, ԭΡͺú룬κ, ޲ӡ
̧̫ٳ, ôڨڨЦЦŬά衣
һ˯ñ, ߺҲ˯ˣѷд, ܡ
, ôʲô𣿡Щţ˵ǽ˯һ죬Ϊ岻ˡ
⼸һӣ㿴ôǽҩݸ, ͬʱķӦ
ܽϸ˿ü
ⷽȫǻ֮ҩ̫ðգǿһԣܹ޶ԲҪá
Ļش
ⷨӣҽѧǼˡ̧̾ͷһοؿԼ·˵ͽڿԳʦˡ
һ£ĪС
㽫ⷽӽ̫ҽԺǰ϶Ƕǧ˵Ҹģ˵Լĺˡ
Ϊʲô
³׳

Ͳһˣôᣬ߶˵ǻᣬóӣ̫ҽԺԺһص㡣Цļ硣
ǳɣǣϾԼģҲѧǳ֮
ͷʵҲȫдģҪǹþС㻹ҪѧͨҪ̫ԷƱ
ǰѷϣƵ⡣
ΪʲôңֲѣܾԼ̫ˣϵڱĺ¡
̾˿ͷҾףиɡ
ܴŷ߳Щԥ
ܡ˺̧ͷ
Դ˽󣬿ôأŵŲ˶á
һͻðܶͷ
ôʲôʵסһӣϴ٣ͺ˹
ܰ˰еҩҡͷҲûʲô
Ʋ죬ƭ˭أҪˣͰǲǡɱˣҶ˵ʦ
ԿηܾţҾǴ
˸ۣСֹô㵱Ȼˡ
û˼磬ҩҪܵһαίΣǽšϧ̫ˣֻܵȵȥ̫ҽԺˡ
-
û˷ʣ޼ʯۣʵţʲô⣬ȥ̰
û뵽ڶͷˡ
ճȥҽûãԺȻһص
ÿ첡ŵ˲Ѿֲˡ
һ̣һ˳󺰣ˣҽݵҩˣˣ
ôһɤӣںҩĲŵһ£ҩһأҩ֭غ
󱾵صҩˣõĶǴӸؽģ˾޴ǿĶڵѪ
Ĺ⡣
ں˵ʲôվ˿ŻͦӦǼ
ô˵ˣĨᣬ֪ǼĻŵģ˵³ҩκã˾ͿʼѪֱֹˡ
Ǿһ£ҲˡǼæʹ˸ɫʾǰʣµĲˣȻһ߽Ժ

 66 

ǿ첽ߵ, ѾмϵˣΧŴһϢ̫̫·Ѫ
ôʵ
ãڡ
˿ԱߵСѧͽʲôҩ
СѧͽҲ̫սսص˵, ˵ķӡ
콵Ǻֿ̫̫˿
ȷʵǷǸҩ, 鲻ܲôĳ
һ̤ʵô⣿
˭˵ҳķӣʵ
ʮ, Сѧͽ˵ˡ
ץסȺ
ѭȥŷ, ҵָȷʵд, Ǳȶּ

߹ȥ뽫ҩ, ȴۼֿˡ
ʲôʬ𣡡
Ǽֱ
дûһûʼʩ, ӦȽ̫ҽԺĿ, ѡʵĻߡôϣ
ʻѾµˣȻܲСƼˣѾͷϲ
ҧŴǲ˵
, ѶϵΣæǰҲС˷ӣԲ𡭡
ãֱѾûˣûֳҩͣƺЩôλߵĲ֮ǰҪתˡ
Ҳû˼֣޺޵һۣǰ
СűҪˣǷӻãͰҩһء
Цã´أȵĳ𣿡
Լǰʦʱţƾʲô˵̫
۾죬ǰͲ
⣬ӡôʱ䣬ûһîùǹ˼ǻʺͽܣʺɶԽ˵ԽڿʼȥչЩزߡ
㣬ɫٰʣҺһ𣬴Ⱦô죿
ǾͺһţȾ˾ͲˡҪôҪôѡһա
Թ۵һֶ˵ֻǣ
Ȼе£
֮εص㣬ҲС˷ӣʦͬſҲдҺһɣչ˲Щ
̾˿ô˵ʦû̺ãҲд
ȥͲӴҲǽһˡȻãǲܡȥɡ
ҽߣиĲҪ㡣Ƕܵ˵վȥˡ
ǵڴ˵ģǹȥˡ
̫ҽ˵зߣϹһþ˵ϿģšŮӣȥǣǻ׷״
£ҩգⷽӣŪ¹ʣĿºŷʵĿ޹ء
⿴ûһۣģ˵ôô

£̫ҽǳһ򲻿˲ʰ
æһ죬߶شǣƽն̫ɫˣоգ֤ǷеôôҪ⹦ȥ˼ôⷽӵģô궼˼״
ôѵһ٣̫ҽǶʱʵ࣬û˸΢ʣΨΨŵŵȥ                        
лҪ˵⣺Ǹ

 67 

ҩ, ȾԽԽ٣ҲԽԽࡣۼת׼̻ؾ
ǰǡ
㣬λȥҪ𣿡
ǵû, ǰȥ, ʵô
æ˵źûǰŬˣֻ͹ȣˡû, Ҳģֻˡ
ֲˣǲе㻳ɡ
۲, 㲻ŵĻȥĸ, Ĳ˶ϲء
ȥͲˣλеġҪ̫ҽԺ, ͻȥɡֻǹˮв̤ɱ֮Ҿòʺط, ԸЩ, ½硣
룬ͷһתԼѡ񣬶л㡣
ȥ׼˯, ȴȻ洫һ
д̿ͣݣ
ǽ
ǳһæȥֻԺһ´̿ͣǲ֪Ϊγٳδֻͺӽǲ
Ƴǣôˣȥ
ǻûü˵Ϳ̿콣Լ
ʱ֪Լö㿪ŲԼӡ
󾪣ҪϹκȴ̿Ͳס
СģӽԽԥصǰ
߿һ̿ͣȴһ⼰ʱϵӽһ̿Ǳӿײ˸ݵһ򾡡
ӽѾվסǾδǰԴԴðѪ˿ڡ
鵱ǰסý͸Ϲ̧źӽˡ
ҲŽȥѾػһѪˮ
˿ڣ˶£ֻʣǺ⻹վ
ЩԼʱôû㵲ţԸԼ
ϸյĴɱʵں΢
ӽɫ԰ף˿ص£ҿ޷ؾڽһʱ䡣
»ȻӦʡ
ӣ㣬չ𣿡ӽǣвԡ
չ˵Ѿ߶ǡص
ӽûȻǣҪʲôֻҪңҾͻܰġ
ûžͲ˯⡣
ΪѣھεصԲ̫ˣ㡣
ӽüĿͳ˵
û˼ڴԻصе㷳ꡣ¯˵ʯۡʯ۲ˣҪʡŵˡ
ӵ׻ʲôʱأǲԸ˼˵е߶Ҫ
-
еʱ仹û䣬ȥûУճţͿһϤˡ
㡣ʮһĺӽվſڶЦ¶Ż
㡭Щȣⲻ˵ٽӽԼ
Լоʲôʣһʱ벻ͷʵʱȥˣ
ӽʣ㵣𣿡
Ȼˡܻ𳵡
ӽƺЦøˣЦʮֲ峺
˵Ļȴ˲
ǽôҵݸ
ܵ⻰ýûӰ
ʺװɵʲôݣ
ӽûټ⣬һߣһߵɫȻȥԷɡ
ɫ·һ
վԭز俴أ
ӽʲôЦ⣬ȻˣȻô⡣
׹ߣʱȫѪҺˡ
ʲôвˣ
ӽ㣬ݰɣҸ
䣬ûѪ
㡭ǵԾزŵض
ôԼ毣ΪʲôӽҲܽ磿˭
ûʱϸ˼⣬ͷһ
ĪǴӵһνżʼǸӽǴʵģ
ͺһı׶༪ˡ                        
лҪ˵ӽ¶Ŀ

 68 

ǿ, ʵô
ϴǰڹҵһ󷨣κһ硣
ԭûϣӽش𣬿ȴˬضˡ
ԣһʼ֪Ҳ毣ǲͷƤ顣
ӽЦ
Ҽ޽ͲΣʲô
ʯ۷ҲЧ
ɫ˰ףϸ, ÿ޷֮ǰ, ƺȷʵԹӽĶ
ʯۣ
ϸġ
˽飿
ӽĿ΢ʣ⣿
ֻǰ԰ɡ
ΪʲôҪֹΣǹ۲ɫָʹ, ǵҪʲô
ԭ㻻꣬ʯȥ, ҵ˻ȥķò˼, ܻȥˡɵﳤߵĻʺҲ
ӽһһ⿪, ̹ޱȡ
ǵȴ͸ˡ
ȫȻҪ
ֻ˵ǵĿѾɡ֮, Ȼ졣
أôң
ɱ, ӽĿⶨϣҲ롣
̲ס͵𣿡
Ժһֱ⣬ӽ˵߻صʵ, 毵Ƥҡ
ǰ⵱ɵӡ
ûӽϾڵء
ƽ
˵毻мղܻȥǾʹת
ô࣬ûһҵ𣿡ӽһԴͷ峺޹
ģ
ӽɫһ˲ֱӣɴݣ˵Ǳ빬ģҲ˵⣬Ϊȴں
ҶҸ˵⻹ûȫǿơ
侲š
޸ĸСֻʶ⣬λԶûȡ
ӽĿϸĲϣҿԶֹڴ˿̡
ȥҪҪôݣ
̲סŲӣ˿ȣ㵱ʲôû˵
ĺǳһϢ
ӽЦˣԭΪӲû뵽ǡǡ෴
ˣˣԺָҪôĥ
еգƵĴȻ˶еߵģ̫
ںӽûʲôѾ߸󣬾ͼš
ҲԣҪͬ
ǻһʱĥӲݣҲû׳䡣
ŷֺӽȻ΢Цţ̡ӦʵرѸ㡣
ڶ磬˵ȥ֣ӽһȥ
ڸʳʱǺȻ˽

̧ͷȥ̴㣬һϲ
֪ʲô֪ġ㲻뺦˰ɣӽߵ

ǵһۣЦġ
̴ѣ˳ʵҪҪū澻ȥϷˣ
Ц̫ˣ´ΰɡ
̴뿪Ǿͺͺӽظˡ
ݵʱ򣬺ӽʾƣſŵ÷С
ӽܵеĿ޲ϣƵݸǣЦʵҪ𣿡
Ǻܳʵصͷȥá
ӽְƲص󣬶ӻûҷ
ҽвڰֻʮһꡣ

ӽҲűŵϴ򿪣Сĸɢ㣬ɫǷ۵ġ
ϲЩӽֲŪŸ㣬ʲôһ
һСʵ̫Ӧˣûش𣬴֡
Щ㡣
ӽһ鳢һڡ
㲻¶ʡ
ӽЦŴ򿪣һֱƤ£ô¶˵ĶͽѲһˡ
ǺȻЦˡ
ЦʲôӽɻֲõԤСȻһ͵ظоԴġ
㡭ӽطϣҲѧҽŴˣҩʲôʱ򡭡
ǵȻˡ
ҩȻ٣㹻ŵʮһˡһ˵ţһߴȡơ
ӽҧ⣬þһ˿óɱҡ
˵վҲ֧Ųסػ˹ȥ
ǴɱˣҲܰʱ˷ϡ
Ҫҵ⡣                        
лҪ˵⣺Ҹ
ӽһͳ

 69 

Ƹճ, û߼ӭײһɴŮӡ
Ǳûע˭ŮӾס֡
Ҫȥ㣬ͼųӭ𣿡
毵
Ҫ
ϳҪѣû뵽ѧ书, Ը׾١
ǳ, ƹˤʵģ
һ㣿Ц, ôأߣõúܡ

Īе㵣毻Ⱦָ⡣
ôǵľ籾÷ˡ
һֱ, ô, 㶼ûɱ𣿡Գڽһж
ôûУֻ⽫̫ãҲ֡
ֱǰʱ, ˵׼ҵĴͨʩҺ͵ߵˣɿ, ʹǡ
Ը, ʩ÷ѩǴ˸ֽؽ˲񷿡
毱ɣû뵽ȴ˹

ԭԺٶԸԭǣϾǸȽϴΪ毻úӽʵס
û뵽, ÿһ¾Ǵǵƺһֱͣ⡣
毲һֲ롣
ҲΧǵģǰǸˣʱͣˣֱڵǴ
²ģڵˣ粻֪ʲôӡ
毲׶
ȻҲὫЩǣ޿֡
һ·ק˸Ϻӽ߳
ӽű˷֣ҩ࣬ˮϴϴˡ
ӽǱѺ̲סЦˡ
Ǻʮֺڸղûûɱ
Сĵ毿˿ͺС˵ŮƻƱ䣬ûϡ
ӽЦЦԺϵġ
毲֪ӽǵ˼ܷģǶԼˡ
ûйǼƽϣȻصʵҲ١
ߺ󣬺ӽЦеؿǣ㣬ôּˣǲǺܺûɱҡ
ǿЦЦôأرˡ
Ŷʲô

ӽûнǹصʲôСסԭķ䡣ÿԷȻддǳϳɣȫ֮ǰ˵ָо
Ĳ֪ôˣһ뵽δļ٣һһ붼뵢顣
Ǵǰ𣿡Ƕò
ӽʼһ٣ͷˣ
ļ
԰ǾԼԻͦõģôܻһӡûУ
ԼǵáǷ˵ǸǸš
ӽ΢΢һЦҲ˵
ҰɡǷ
Ȼ벻ǾˣҲҪӽ˵˴дõ֡
룬ӦֻԶԶһΰɡ
ԶԶһ۶һֱǡ
̫ˣ
һֱǸˣ˵ر峺ֱ̯ƵʱҶġ
ʧˣӽƺЩΣ˶ֵϲҲһֱװȥ
αҪװأָд֣ҿ۹ⲻġ㿴дãˣһǸĻ̹ꡣ
ȹģһ˵һ߹۲飬׼һͻķ
Ҽǵ֮ǰ˵Ľ㸸ףΪôһֱ°ɣ
ӽÿɷ
Ȣô檣ôຢӣڹ̣ܽҲֻΪĶӣŲò㡣һӻαΪҰ°
˵ķӦ
ӽĬã΢Ц̫˾ˣҲҰġ

ҲţѧŻŮӦеӣɴ۾֮ǰªңһʹֲ赭ȻԵáҰĵˣ
˵УͲᣬƷ·ӽĹ
˲˺
ʹ͸ϷӽҲûټ⣬ΪأһҲԸΪȥ                        
лҪ˵ӽݳӶ
˵ҵŮ÷籾

 70 

֪׼һ𣿡ӽ, ĸԸɶ˻Ǿȥɡ
һ˵ǵΡԭʱⶼûˣ
ǲȷӽ˵ǲģҲбı壬Źһϣ
л, Ҿ֪δԵЦһ, ȥƶƻ
֮ǰƻϣӽҲûҪ·¡
ƿ϶ǲе, ŪһѾߣװİ硣߲ûȫȥ, ˶Χ, ˳š
ȥ˼У̴
̴ǺǾ, û¶̫࣬Լܲµ
Ͻƺλͣܶࡣȥ, ֻҲ̴
һ, ϵǺˡ
Ҳ㣬Լȥ
̴Ǹϸĵˣһһĩ˻Ϸ˴ǰԼһѵεԿ, б޻пôһȥͽԿ׷
ǲʤмȴֳ
ǵǹƥΣʵ̫ðˣһʱֲ֪ˡ
Ǳߺܿͻᷢӳʱȣ̲ݻ
׼յʱ򣬺ȻһȺɱ׸
ͷе죬ϸ룬ϻ׼ҩʱǰΧĽ
ġ
ܹȥǶǰԺԵУҲ׾ٵطǽͷҵ̴˵ĻȡԿס
ν鷿棬ǰ̴˵ĴͨεĻء
ûȥͿܵ¥ǰҲһνʵʲôˣ
һ£ͷܣ׷
ǻŲ·Һÿ
ˣǰһ£ոǿܿ׷
׹Ҳ˧ģû뵽Ϊ˧ڣһŮӱȻ⣬ȻˣЩ塣
ǵͷͽһ˵Ρ
ǿһ̾Ϳˡ
ûôǱӣˣѪۣûϳ
ᣬȥŵֶڶ
һҲо
ɷ׵ɫ󺧡
ֻö˵ģҲ֪ԼôӺӲ֣û£ߡ
ڲš
ͽһ˳׸˲࣬ܿȫûм׷׷ᡣ
򸽽ɽȥأɽ·᫣⻹ܽɣǵȴϡ
֪ȥԼֻǣǵȴߣȥס׷
ǡԥ֪ǶҪԡ
һۣûüȥȻಡһ׷꣬ƿն
Сģһƿǡ
ûվȣһһɽ¡ԴһƬհףֻǵ⡣
ˤһʯͷϣҪײˣκֻ¡
˲࣬ӡļѾˣֻ֪ͣҪߡܲӳȥӳȥ⻹ܻܲšҲˡ
ʶ˳ƽĵߣٻعʱѾߵһ±ˡ
һŲǺӽ׷˹
㣬ȥɡӽڷˣվ±ϣЩ¡
ͷҲûأٴһûС
һַһץԼϵ
˿ϣʱȽøߴ˶Щ֧Ųסҡҡλεġ
סǰصػһλˡ
-
ӽ̻ؾϣźѾ߼æ棬˵ôҲѡ
첽߽ķ䣬˫Ŀڴϣɫ԰ס
ȥ̽ϢէһûоĺЩվסȻŷֲûУֻʮ
̫ҽܿҡҡͷҲΣû쳣˯һ
˵ÿҹΡ
ţػسӭͬʱӿٶȸ·;ͣЪ
⵱ʹһСУȫ춼ǣһҲҺۡ
ܲٴʧȥ
ͣ㣬ڶ뾩ǲԶĹٵϻϡ
ȿǵɫء
Щںв̽ﲼһ󷨣û´ͨԽһ硣
úӽһȥ󣬳ҪǣҪĿˣȿ졣
ǻٸǣû뵽Ȼǳˡ
֮ǰڽֻ̣ǺӽԵݣڽʵǽѿǡ
һĹǣûôࡣ˻ȥҺӽѾȥ¥ˡ
ЩʾżȻĵǱ߻ȵ
˵Ǹ󷨣ȻڣĿ㣬ҲԽȥ𣿡
һӦǿԵģһûȫŪһʲô⡭
ִ̧Ļھͺһȥ
˼һ޾
ȣΪʲôˣΣڵϦѵ⣿

ûȰ󷨲ѲãֱվоͿʩչ
һвúúѵ˳һʯ۾ͿԻмǲҪ
£סֱ˫ۡ
-
ºܸߣɽ紵ǵĳ裬¿ƺã
ǲͷ˫۽յĲСػ⡭
ϣҴ뿪
޷ŤתƣҲϣһۣһ֡
ûУû漣
ᵽ⿴ǰʱ顣
֮࣬ǲÿЦ
Ҫȴ;ͬ顣
Ȼûܸ˵һ仰
԰׸ɺԵĴ
ӽĦ߬
һ̣ͫ׼
άǸƣǰ̤˳ȥ
ǻɣԺ󣬻ܻȥ
Ҳܻȥܡ
﷢²ıǱߵ磬ҲܼС֦
ⲻǵ¡
һкۼصĻϲվֻһ֪ˡ
ӽǰ¿ȥһӰҲˡ
Ȼĸȥ
Ĭãӽ֣ƣ̾ҪˣҪʬ
̴ȥɽ¡

ٻָʶʱֻиĴУЩɬ
˫ۣںϣһ磬һƬʹ
Ǽٵ׹У⾪ۣȫѹнӵһˡ
룬ʶһ̽һаذסγذײҷ죬ʱĽֱ÷顣
иһֽذףһֽ§
磿ǲۣŵؿ
΢΢㱣ȴûеͷ
һԺУͱ֮䣬һߣȴǰδеϲ
ץҡ˵
ţλĲ
ճоŲ
Ҫˣ۶ļ裬Ҫӳ졣
ǲҲҼһǰ
ǼӲʯǰůţһҲ£ƽ̧۴
յͷͷϸ
һʼһ̤·İ
˿ɻãģ򴽲ԡž翼ֻԶĺԳƵС
Ǽֱе㻳ǻþѾµˡ
ʱ򣬺Ȼһߣŵһסۡ
ɳʯ䣬Ԥе׹ȴû֣ǲۣⲻЩЦ
û£СĲȻˣ¡
ѵüʱľ벻㳤ʱȥˡ
ǽһմأʱȫǰһھͻ˹ȥ
л㱵ģ·һΣһѲجΡ
ǰʱ⣬Ц̵ŵԶػ
ʱǸΪ⣬ڳɵҪҲӲġ
ȻǺȻסˣһҰ׵Ļ档
ôҲʲôһԽԽԶֱȫĺڰС
͵ۣҴϢţܵţ
ڵƻůҡҷģǹȥڣģ
ڴãȻĹˣ̻󲻰ҳ̲סҪ
֨ѽһűƿѾɾ·
ˣߵǰ£΢Ц
磡ǼǷ˽צһ
̵ʪĺ졣
ǲϰͻ
֮ǰ龳ȴûϵ
ܶ꣬һֱ˪ΪһҲ޿תˡû뵽ۣ˾޴ת䡣
ǸƵۣ֮ϵҫҲ˿ϲҡ
ֻǡеЦְȥ
ϲģֻʱǸŪ̺ɱ⡣
ǻزȥġ
еŤԼʵôų⿹ܣȴƽ⡣
Сʤ»飬ǹԹԵָĦ
§ȫʹôߵжࡣ
ԣĿתؿʵ磬ô
۽û¡
ࡱĶӣе㲻˼ץץͷ
һЦ˰ɡϰԵع˹ıǼ⣬ϵ룬ι
һһľݣǽϹŹӦżϢסһСϪмС㡣
Ѳк󸣡
ԱˣҲ붯ˣɵڴϡ
Щ֪롣
֮ǰûˣôͻȻˣֲѣȻ˵󣬵ۼǵһΡ
Ҳֱ֪شǰʱȲ࣬һģڹŹһ⡣Ϊһ°ɡ˵
һ죬Ҳû⣬ֻҪƽͺá
ʧýġ
һᣬΪ˯ˣȴȻоֵֺܲض
ǣ
ţ£֮ǰ˵ҪҳףҵȲˣھֱӳװɡ
ǣҲˣ
ˡ
Ǿã϶ŵˡȻһֱĬ
ŬԺл䣬ʲôˡ
Ȼе㼵Լ
ʲô
ڵģǵǿ
ʱĽգⲻһ˿һԲλࡣ
ΩԸԶϲֻ֣ڱ͵͵ؿͺãʹҲֻҪ֪úãźˡ
ʼռӦ˿磿
᲻̫ḡ
ãֻ̾һͱȵĻ
ǼǵõһҹʱҲʱûע⣬ڻҲˡ
̵ˮļͷһöӡʱ˵˾仰
ǣҰ㡣ߵ
ǻ㱼𵱳ĸо֮ǰֳǴһ̿ʼ
ʶһˣˣҲߡ
ȥ̧ͷóѣһɫ°ͺͺϣڶе졣
һҪԵǵĺӡ
׼ˡֹ
Сۡ
Ǳڻﶯãֻйصۡ
Һޣ                        
лҪ˵˾С쭳
ĺϲֹ繣
ָһ㣬վͽ

 71 

, £˵ˡѹСͺͨӲһ
һ£毰ʲô
֪ǸʲôģǡҲ𣿡
, úôġ
, ֪˵ʲô
ôش˵ʵһ˵毣
ԣҪ, һǵĹϵҲ˵ˣź䡣
毶˵˰ɡ
һ, š
ǳٳٲ˵
˵, ѭѭա
Ĭһᣬоǰ½ʪ, ˡ
һ˵޾ˮҪ
ԭôġ
Բ𡭡Щ޴롣
, ǲһ΢, ƺڼʡ


վҪȥģӻǱߡ
ԸºӣҲٻȥ
û˵Ҳڿ⡣
Ҳûٱ, ĿƳȼյ¯
ǻԵʱҵʯۣЯġ
-
ŷ䷢˻ŷﾹȻǳɵ֮ǰķ䡣
֦źϴֵʵڽôھڹˣ
˯˺ü죬̫ҽҲ޲ߣ˵а¾˿ӱͻùʦչ˹
һ㶣ǣ֪֪ҡŵڶ
֦ҡͷûô⣬ͻûٹʲôˡ
ǽŽɣֵֹܾġ
ôڹ
ӽ˴ɱδ죬ͨù澡
ôһ綼ˡ
ӽɱ⣬ǵȡͻ˰ɣ´лٺú
ڳɵ㺢ӹ˼죬ڼ⡣
ˡ
أǼأ׿ڣҲûǡ
㶿ŷĲۣһܼ򵥵ͨûƽʱϣԵࡣ
Ǹ⣬һΡ
Сתת۾Сİ
ӺСĹ𣿡ǵ·

Ǹʸ˵ġ
⻹ὲ£ŵתͷ⻹ȫעضžڣһ·ȫȻûע˵ʲô
ǰһСӲܳ谮ҺһСһ𳤴󡭡ֻţеڳݲ壬õģǻˡ
Сӳ˻ʵۣСɰޡ
мˣ޼ɵעΪ֪ǲתͷ
ͷҲͲõϻὫˡ
ûУʼǶ΢΢ͷ顣
ǵĹ£Ĺ¡
ϧͯﶼƭ˵ġ
Ǳûк͵˵ڿڣϸ
һλҹʮְĽʵֶۣζ䣬ǸֻóѳˡǴ毵ĽǶ˵ţλڳɹ˿̫Ӻ͹ĺ
Ŀɿڴ
ϣջش
ôںǰô˵
͵վȻȥé˵վʹҴܳȥˡ
һ˿ʣ׷˳ȥ
֦ͽ⣬أﻹ̽һ±ô毻תˣͼǱ˳
̫ܵ죬֦ûӦıӰ
￴ǵɫЦԺ֦϶Ǳ޵ģҶˣûжԲʺ󡭡
δ䣬ͳ˳

龰ôĪ졣
룬׷ȥֱ֦ס
СʲôǰϰôԺеÿء
ʲôܡ
ҸطϴּŭҲҲңֱںߣźˮ³ˮ·ܵһͿ
վԶûȥ
ʱκ˿
ãӦúһˣ߹ȥ
ЩֱⰮôµľ顣
ؽŲ
ֻ΢΢ͷȻûʲôӦ
Ҫ𣿡ڵϣź档
ΪҪô˵
ʵܵССԼġ毵̸£Ҳһ㡣
˵ò𣬡Цʱڻʺǳ˱Ÿתϲ𣿡
һպԽ˵ʼʱΪֻ毷Էδ˼ԭǼֱί
֪毴ʱȥ͡
ȴʼ޶ԵӣҲͻˡ
ҲĽǾ֮𣬺˵һˣ
ֻû뵽ԭô⣬һֱգôĽᡣ
֪ȥɿ𣬵ûȥ͡Ҳں𣿡
⿴ǵıӰһֻԼ֪ڵʲôֻҪңֻӸʲôɶá
ɵжҵˣһҵ˼ܻ֪Ҿͻһбߡ
΢Ļᶼûҡ
һһҧгݣ˫Ŀͨ졣
Ԫ£Ҷδ̼֪ʱж𣿿ʱȴ͵Ϊ˰ȡ
ǽס
ȷʵйӲ֪ʱѵġ
ѹֺҲû׷ԭ֪
¾ˣʼҲûһۡҽãȴûΪιΪҽ˶뿴
ÿһġ
ģתۣҾȵ㣬Ҿȵ㣡
һֻʱ䶼ֹˡ
ǲŷӦԼ˵ʲôҴϢţ޻˵Ҳ֪ɴתˡ
ûȥ׷ǶҪ侲һ¡
ʲôСȵ
㱵ػصɵ֦ѯʵ¡
úҲǲ͵ǵĳɹʹ֦
֦Ļش͵һǶʱͺƽʱһûκβͬ
֦һֱߣϸ緢ôƳҩ
ͺ֦֪ǼȻô˵һƭˡԸôܻܱð¡
֦뵽ʲôʱ˱ڣūȥһҩ˵Щ
أЩƣذ֣ô᲻
ֻԼҲš
Ż˻׼ȥǡ
ȥܳʱǶڵȱ˴ȵͷ
ԼǰȥĻ棬絶һ˵ȵ֪ԭҪ
һоǿģںѾôִΪʲôҪúһִ
ˣˡ                        
лҪ˵΢׷

 72 

Ǿ, Լ϶Ѿˡ
֮ǰڻɣǶ֦ȺŪȥˡΣò⡣
֦֮е£û뵽ȶƭ
͵ɣҲҪġ, Ҳ, ԳԺ¿ʼ
ôѾûˡ
İ̾
Ժ󣬻û侲ͱ˴Ӻס˿ڱ, Ȼˡ
˫ץˡ
ʱ򣬺ӽڴ, ŴȡµСΪ˷, صȥģҲװҩ
˺ܾ, ôҩģȻҲˡӽૣƵ澫ɡ
겻ɢ
Ƿ˸, 
ȵ, ͷŷԼ˼ѣ֮ﶼûˣͷҲɢģһӶû
㣡־ŭ
ӽЦЦ, ģ·Ѿ߻ġ
㲻ʡ
룬õҪôв⣬Ҫô̰ͼò߶߼С
ǰҲץ൱áȵӽˣúò쿴ڡ
ҺСܶʯڣЩʪӦǽڵ¡˴κһС¹⣬
Ǵ¹滹֮ǰӽ·

ӽٻʱֻڴϣͷɢŮ
üӻȡһСᣬᷢʲôˣôŪ
Ƕ㿪
ӽ˶٣ȥˡ
һжһ֧ӵݸǽӹһﲻؽˤϡ
ӽûգҲûǿֻǼ뿪ˡ
ڶ죬ӽˡ
룬Ȼ㲻͵ӣҾȥɵһ
㵨󡣡ǼֱЩ
ô£ɵ֪
ӽνЦЦ쵽ǰ֧ͨͨľ
ס
ҼڱӦöʲô壬Ծˡ
ǲ˼صǸӣһź顣
ʩ÷ѩ۶ϵǸӿȴ¡
˵Ҫ¸һ֧̫࣬һֱûϡ
ô֪
ģ
ӽ˫΢죬Щ棬ϲӣûô
û˵Լϡ
ӽȥŮͷ˳㽫Ƶϡ
ûڵʱﶼǺڵġ
ǵŮԭ书ȴֻһġ
һ߳Էһ߹۲ΣӦò书
֮ǰͷأ
Ůü˳Ŀʱ£ͻū澡
û˵ԹŮǰʰꡣվһʰ
ЪŰɣԶ֡ŮЩ֣̿ͻȻֵ̧ѨλŮ۾һ˲漴˹ȥ
ǺȻϵ͵׵ȼ
ŨС
ŻˣǷŻ˯Ů󺰣
ʪܳš
һײһˡ
̧ͷһȻǺӽɫŵڣ˲Ͽ˭ײԼһѽƵһߡ
ǰңһתͷҲˡ
Ȼ֮ǰͲµûէһϣǻЩ¡
ˣתߡ
վסϾ۶һ¾ϳ
ҺӽոһƣƵ棬мֶңϵطխСһʱ
ֻܵһ·Ҳ˲ϻ᲻лأһǰܡ
ԽԽڣԽ
סһʯš
ںڰŻأ亹
Ųס䡣
ŵüͣһҧӣشߵؿڡ
ڰеƺһؿʯŻӿ롣
һѪűߵŵ̧ͷǰˡ
ӽһֳǽڵĻϣɫЩ԰ףȴɴ΢Ц
޷ʲô
ӹȻݶʲôûһ
ӽס΢΢֣ȫ̽ȥȻƳѪ䣬ӶѪȾ졣
磬ɶŰ
ǵɴ۾һʱ֪Ǹӻۺӽ
Ѫעӽ˱ۣһ麹ʱӳع۾ţڿһֻҪ
Ƿģ߰ɡ˵޲
𽥴ҵĽŲ
ʱƣǡ
ǳɵĿںӽʼ΢Цĵ·˵˲
˼¶ģץŻڵѪתˡ
ӰܿУֻӹӣʧȫһȥ
ӽŷӦƵģ˿ڣ֧Ųס˳ǽֻȫһ˿ҲûУϣů
ӽһμǣʮһʱΪø׿Լһ˻ء
֮ǰ
ȻʱڳȾʱߣǺûͷˣͬʱҲȫ汬
Σû˻˵һİˡ
ʱӽϾֻǸӣڽͷ忪ʼãŧ
ӽʵϰֱ˺ԵĸţҲһӣһȥǣҡ
˾˰ա
û뵽ܻ
ӽۣҩζһĲڵϣϵ˿ڶƴˡ
ŶңӽֻܿɴֻʮᣬΪ龫֡
㻹С࣬Ժͻ᳤áͷҩݸ˿ǸͼȥĲˡ
ӽãȻĿ׷ֻͱ˵Ļ࣬СӣҲһǡ
ӽҽݴ˼죬ŷرӺһ㣬Ͱһչˡ
˵ǶʱգΨһеʱˡ
Ҳ꣬ǸŮȴܹôΡ
֦ߣȻҲܺáǸĮ߰ˣҲ𽵹ҽܡ
·𱻺ܶమΧȴ֪
ӽĽ塣
ˣĬĬȥˡӽäĿС꣬Ȼ׷ϣʱúóı

ӽʲô룬ôûûεģʲôᱻ
ٱˡ
ǸӶǷһᶪԺÿʱǣȾѪ
-
ǵһӦʹʹԶܿ͵˹ſڡ
һӽͷĽֵŮ£
ǻûӦͱ˫Ѻסˡ
ǲŪˣΪʲôҪץң
㻹ʣýıʺʢŭһʺתʱ䡣ʺﻹС
˵ʲôԭء
תǸˡ
û˻شֱӱѺΡ
Ѻߵʱǲע⵽ϵ˺׼Ҫϲ¡
-
ʱһ۾Ϳ齱ߵ⡣
ûü˼ͱƣʹĥһ
ˣ֣廹δָ𶯡
һͣɫɨһۡ
°׳˫ǣ£毴δ
ԭһʱ
毴üޣ۲һ˿ɫ
˯ɵ𣿡Цʵǵع˹ıӡ
毺ܿعǵӣűӵһۡ
˭Ҳ֪ǰǻδ뿪ʱ毾һֱĹ۲ģһһһһЦ
Ȼǰֻ֣Ϊżһعˡ޶ԣ
𽵹ȥѧһײŮˣȴֻг衣ҧгݣ޲⡣
óˡܹЩۣ˲⣬ڳɹˡ
һأܱϳ
毻ǲġ˵ľһ˿ɡ
ˣ̽ʡ
ôһѾ͵Щ޹ؽҪˡü⣬ģѽΣȵ㳹׺˺Ҿɱ
毴ȥ⡣
𣿡̧ȥͷϸԣ̹һͺˣϾѾˡ
԰׵ϸһ΢Ц⣬ͷ
£ҴҴǡ
毱ۣ̫˯һ۱εֱԼ
ܵһᰮߣһֱͣϣһֻڻϵĵû˿¼ɡ
ĵذ⣬Ŀ񴥶
ôأ
İôĴĥ£޼
ƭˣΨƭԼĿⲻڿ
Ѿ㣬ҲգΣǱù
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ĥǸŮˣ⹲ٻ֮ٸ࣬ǺȤ
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죬һ
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ʲô̡
һʱ𽥺ת毲һʼ׼նݳ
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»ڴ񣬲ˡ˵󣬱ȴǰء
毵ͷҩĿ˸
֦ҲָƣԷһҪ취֦
ȵȣ֦ı仯ѵһû
ûü̫࣬ҩЧѾãһ±˹ȥ                        
лҪ˵һ»ģƼ使byʯһ
»ϲΪѳʧܣµһС͸ĺ檡
صĽҲ˲֪˲İǡû֮ǰ
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˭Ѫȵĺ·ס:û¶ͱ㣬
СxɥĲkuangȮ

 73 

ֺ, ɭɭǱϥһǣµ۵ĵݣлѪӡ
ɤӶˣҲû
ǽƣǻ
毵ôôɵϲ
ûһϳ
˵ν, СͰô죿
Դ, κ˯ȥˡ
ʱԼһªéվһ
ⳡʶǸоԼƯڰ, ڴǰһɫµŮ, ˫, Լ
һʱ޷˼ôֻصʱˣѵʱ䷢һ, ֻһΣ
⿴Ŵϵ԰׵΢ǿеɫ, ﱻռ, ͬѵǳ
ȥѰ˱ףȻΪݣᣬ·´ĳߡ
ˣԲ𡣡, һǣһڷ䡣
ظգؼҡ
ȥྲʹͷҲܸоϢ
⽫ŽУޱؿŹ׸ǻϡ
ǿȻ̧ͷգҲ̧ͷһƬסգ΢΢Щ

ǣǡ
תֻ۽ʪʪģп
ôˣج𣿡еʣδ䣬Ǿ˽ﺿһ١
ܿ͸оǰ½ʪ͸ˣӡһô޹˼ɵشޣСʱˡ޴§ļ硣
Сʱ˺ˣ£⡣
Ǻܿ޹ˣߩ˰ѱ飬ϸˮؿһᣬβųصμڶΣֻصڷʱ򡣡
һؿִƵҿҵʬ屧ףޣҲܣʲôˡ㻹ҵǸ˵ˡ
ʱȷʵģʹĸо¡
ΡְοҲǿοԼ
ŷӦ֣ŲŲܣڳɵ
ôⰡ
㻹ģЦؿ
ǴпԼ̲ס
ˣ
أ¡
ˡĿ΢䣬֡
ͺҵǻķܾ޴ʹ࣬ôáװʲô֪毴һʱ䡣
֪Ǻ°ǣѰңҵǣͽﱣҲҲûϵʱȻصԼС
ǳƽϢˣǻЩ㱡ԼηһֱŵӣʵǸûпӡ
һ٣ݸӻȡǸľںӽѪѾϴȥˡ
ʵӽͺôˣ
Ѿ׽ˣһǸۡݺ˵꣬Щعıӣ㰡Ȼļ޸ӽ
ǲҼ޵ʲô취ּܿ𣿡ǷŰۡ
û˵֪Ϊ̹ס
ʵӽû˺ңҲûʲôҰģҪĻû˵꣬Ҫ˵±ס졣
ˣรɡ
ҷ˱ˣ⻹ġ
ˣ˰죬㻹˵ңôӣ
ҭס
ʲôʱεģߣȻһûС
ֻһΣʵʱԲѣҲȥ㡣
ǻǲ׷Ź´Ҫȥģ
ǲ˵ߵԼǰסĶһСӡ
㿴ָţһʱ㿳һкҲӣŪѾˡ
һ׮һǵ
û˵ӻȡһذס
Ǿˣ
ذףҪԼϴȥ
ŵüæסֱۣʲô
㰡˵
Ǻذ״һߡ
Ҫ/Ц

ʺһ´˹ǣ˳棬еܡ
ǴڳɵﻹһóԳԣúȺȣû¾ߣߣޣɲɫ
һֱ϶û⣬˵ǻæЩޣŻ죬˾Ͷˡ
ǲĸαˣ
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⸩ѺǱƫСϡ
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Ͻ˯ɣỹҪϳ˵˯ȥˡ
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㡣˵
ǲ˼
ɹɡűһЦ˳ȥס
Ƕʱ䣬ڹﱧűڵʱһĵһжһˡ
ǣлл㡣⺬סĶ
ллصߣлл㣬һҡ

ΪʲôûңǺȻڣһźصСʱ¡
һ٣֪ʵʲô
ΪʲôûʵʲôǱĻӱĺӡ
ɱҲΪ
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ֲ֪һǷģҲһ
۵һҲ֪ǿЦ
̧ͷʲôûˣֻˣˣ
һ㻹кӣк֦Ƕܰ㡣

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ûк֪еǾޱϰ߶Կ·꣬û̹ȻŹ˿ڡóȻİοֻĴ̡
ֻҪֿɼĵطͺãܸܵ
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ǿ޺ˣЦҭҭ˵ҲҶˣôôˣ
ݸסַڴҧ
Ҫиȳ죬ȸ裬ȳһθ飬һҡ
ǣʵǼι׵¡ǰҲףҲǺףҲԺ󶼲ȫףҺ𣿡
ǶһᣬԺҺ㳳ܣҪǿڲԣ㲻Ҫ档
ʧЦֲ֪ɵ
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üһۺˣǰҪúòǡ
ʱ˺ͣʱʱ⸧ı
һ£ȥӻеۣСӣ޴
һָ˹ĿһЦӦһ紷
ͦ棬ر۷ɡ
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ֻﵽǰ棬ػ£ʹ·һǳ𻨡
ǻæס֣е
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̲סһ죬Ȼ˿Լ
ڶ죬糯ȡ
ޱ޷ͷ
Ƕ˼£һۣûصܲϢһ£
ݸһЦʤ⣬㲻ö㡣

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⻹ǿҡͷ
˵㣬һˣܲʡġ
ǽϣָĴü䣬ص㲻öԼ

ȥ
ü˳ſڴϣеС˷ܡ
ȴ´ˣһһߴ·һŶ
ûУЩ͡
û
һᣬŲתͷһҪġ
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