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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ


ܵŮе㽿
ߣʯ


 1 

ۡһ޵һۺɫ
ţ⴫յƤЬŽţôˣ
ݹԹԽŶˣһװɢʵˣ󣬱ʾͻشˡ
źһְ֡꣬˫˳ȥһҪ̬
Ͽľٶۣæǰţôˣ
ݹԹûлػֻǽסһصˡ
׼ٴôˣȴǿۣ˯˹ȥֹͣˡ⣬ȴİ£֪ǲûаȫУɽק·
Ҳûʹѣİ·ȻǺñӡһת˷䡣
ʱݹԹҲ˯ˣԼԺĿϵͳϵͳҪ뿪𣿡
ǵġ
ݹԹ˵ǵģͲˣų۾
ϵͳ޿κεĿĹѾˣɲҪٴñ˺ˡ
ݹԹ˵Լûзɵĵͷ
ϵͳɵӣеŲ̾һ
ȻţѾжҿ
ţͼĶͷһˡ
ݹԹԼĶͷɻʵոʲô
ϵͳͷһָһˡҲԷ뿪
ʣʲô
Ļ
ݹԹԵ˵ͷȻӦʣԭȲǿ˵𣿡
ϵͳţصԼ磬ˡ
ͣˣȻҪ⣬ͼϵͳ˵ţҪ뿪ˡ
ʱֺˮĿϵͳǲģ˵ǲΪ¡
ϵͳ̾һͷĺ˯ˡ˯źתһ˿ԥ뿪ˣΪԼֻҪһԥͲ뿪ˡ
һߣϳ˷䣬ûԶֻŵ绰绰ͨԸϸһŵ
ԭڻ˯½ʿ˲ˣ𾴵Ļţ֪ˣϰ塣ĻشϾͰѵ绰ҶϡתҪعʱ򣬾ͿһŹеŮ˹
üʵʲô
ȷס֣˵Թԡȴͣ룺ϲ˯֪ʲôأŵҵݾˡ
ϿڲĵĻһ˿ʵһҪ㣬ҳ⼸죬ʲôˣΪʲôһſˣ
ίĿҲ֪˰ɡ
Ͻһȥɡ
ӣҲûжӾֱӦţõġȻתˡ
ֻصǹſ˴ϣƣ۾
ڶ죬ݹԹ׵˫ۣѾԱˡ
ݹԹԿſһ˵ķ䣬۾̲סᣬСĺţϵͳû˻Ӧ֪ϵͳ뿪ˡ
´ЬҲûȥŵһ˲ΧĻеİһȴָһֱֱȥ
һͿӭİְּ֡ӿٶȣ˹ȥֱֱ˵Ļס֡
ϿԭҪѵĻɰӸȥˡֻðסеĽѾķȥ
ݹԹİͷļϣĲӣ˵ˡ
˷䣬ϰŵϣ˵ţոΪʲôЬ
ɵĻţˡ
Ͽ´μǵôЬòãȻ˵ţȴţһҪԸܼҰƽߵĵطϵ̺
ݹԹԲ֪Ļţá
Ͽɵӣ̲סͷȻɫţԸְ֣߰Ϊʲô𣿡˵꣬ͽŹһ˿һı顣
ݹԹסˣҪڣĶӾˡʶŶӣſɰı鿴
һ£ıҲиȴһ˿˵ְȴȥͣòã
æͷá
ϱ¥µĲȥ
˲ϰķŵϡţվһԵĹܼҷԸȥ׼͡
ܼӦ£ á

 2 

ͰڵϣݹԹԿڲĿϵʳ
ϿӣЦ⣬ʵʲô
ûкܿش𣬶˼һ£ҪӲݮ˵꣬ʶҪ쵽ߣһ򡣶Ҳȷʵˡ
ϿˣŲͬš
һҪӣվ󣬾ͷӦԼˣèˡŵˣίĿϡ
ϿίӣеЦ˵ţո׼ʲô
ίˣתƻ⣬˵Ҷˡ
ϴЦ⿴˿Ҳû˵ʲôŪãݸ
æӹŴݺݵҧһڣҧ꣬¶̬
Ͽĳ࣬ԭûʲôθڵҲͻȻθˣ
һȲʩʩȻ˹ݹԹԿĺ衣
ȿͼմϵĲݮһ˿񣬵ܿʧˡӵ˵š˵ǰϵıϡţŽϹϺá
ûǿݹԹԣɴЦ⣬ţ㻹𣿡
ݹԹ˳ĻԼĶӣȻҡҡͷصˣųԱˡ
ϼϵĲ;ߣߣ¥ȥˡ
ȿ뿪ıӰҲû˵ʲôһϰΪ̬
˷䣬ݹԹԱŵ˴ϣſԸְ֣߰Ϊʲô𣿡
˵ͷæҡҡͷ
ϿҪְ֣߰ǲְְ߰
СĻţְ֣߰ڣŻеأúٸְ߰֡
Ͽһ˵ţҲѯˣǺðɣְֵá
˵ĵͷְˡ
Ͽôǰͷ
ʱˣ½ʿϰ壬Сʱи顣
ϸҪ˵ȥͼݹԹԴ˵ţְϾͳš
ϺЦĿŶԹְܰˡ
Цһ£ߴٵְֿȥóԵġ
áЦӦΪȰְֻʱҪְ߰Ϊʲôޡ
ͷһ£Żصá
ϼӦ£Դǰְȥˡ
վЦ˵ְټ
ټ
ݹԹԿŰְ뿪󣬾ſ˴ϣԼԺֵ顣ɵÿ
ϸҪõеŮҲ֮ӡ
õˡĵŮǡ
ΡҲƵǡ
׹ػ࿴ϲǰõֻεĸڸ˵Ǹ
ʲôҲû˵
һһεżȻΪ϶԰õ
ŭˣʼֶεĶԸϡ
ֻǵĽУûʲôоҲԽŭ
ĿתϵŮҲݹԹԣݹԹԳΪһҪڻҡ
Ҳʼ˼ıõȴΪȡ֣ҲȰԸˡ
վѡ֮ӣƲˣұץ˼
ڼֱͨŮʢ
͵Ҹһ𣬽ˡ
Ȿƾ飬ҪдⱾ߸ҧ
Լ˧еİְ֣ҵĵطһۡ
԰ְֵԸ񣬾Բ顣ȻԼǵǸŮʲôӣǾͳ˵ݴʣ;ǰְϲ͡
ϸһ£һжģģֻŮʱдϸ̲סƲƲ졣
Щ£׼ֱӸְ߰֡
ͻȻ¥´˹ܵߣȥͼһֻ͵ڽлšұ߽лߺţ˰ҼСҪˡ
ݹԹһЬӶȥ󣬱ܼҿˣֻţСС㡣
æĶŹܼүү˵ܼүүйڽС
ܼҲŲ˵û£ǹء
ҡͷָ˵ܼүүǹСҪˡ
ܼһ£˹ȥȻͼһŮ˱һߣǹҧŮ˵·
ܼҲ˲ʲôæ֪ͨ˰ԱԱҲٰŮסˡ
ܼҼѾûˣһѱСС㣬ֲЬү֪òˡ
ݹԹŷԼûдЬ˼ЦЦȻ뵽ϸոְֱ֤ԼԺǵôЬûһˣ㲻ְ˵͸ܼܼүүԲְ߰𣿡˵꣬գ۾ŵĿ
ܼҴĿҡͷԡ
ʱʧһ£Ҳû˵ϾԼˣֻû˵Ǻðɡ
ܼҿۣڵСС´μǵôЬҾͲүô
һæЦӦ£á


 3 

ڣһŮ˷ĽţҶӣʲôʲôǹܵ
˵ǸѾӻ״̬ѹˣű񣬿ǸڵŮˡ
Ů˲俴ߣøӷˣҵĶӣ˭۹⿴ҵģ˭ģ
ʱλ˴Ҵ˽ֱǸкţû°ɣ
ǽˣһֱŷЦһ˵û¡
ǲŵĴһȫû飬һȻŤͷǸǽ󣬾ͰŮˡ
еһȥݺݵظǸŮһơ
֡Ů˲ŵԼˡ
ŭ˵ʲô֣ûŮǼŲҰ˵꣬ؿڵλãе㴭
ϰ鿴Ҳæǰסŵ˵ͷӣ
ܵߣţүû°ɣ
Ϸؿڵ֣ЦЦû¡
ʱһԵľ˵ţλλŮʿ˵λСѵ裬
ϳŮ˳Цһ£ȻͷųʵôһȫȨӡ
￴˿ǸѪԵϵ裬ͷ˰ɡ
ʱһδ˵˿ڷԵǿɲС
￴˹ȥҲû˵ʲôֻǺһ䣺̣
̿˿ϵı飬ֻЭ˵˰ɡ˵꣬˵˰ɡ
¶һɵЦݣҡ
ͷȻһԵľǿ˰ɡ
صˡ˵꣬̾ǣųˡҲ֮ϣǸŮˣѡˡ
Ů˿Ǿô뿪ˣҪ׷ȥͱ£λŮʿ㻹Ҫǩ֡
ŮҪƿûƿֻÿٵǩ֣˳ȥµֻβ
ϣ̲Ķϵ׼ңŮ治װ
ϿЦһ£˵ֲǵһ첻ף֪
̱ҭһ£Ҫ죬ǿѿɫҲ˵ˡһЩǲ˵еģǼǲǸŮ˽ˡ
ûбʾֱӦ£ԡ
̼ôӦ£ѿɫ˲٣͵ǸŮǼҵʱȥȻ˭Ҳ֪᲻ٷ顣
ϵɫеѿǶǶԼǸŮͷӦ£Ӧõġ
̼ôʹӦ£ҲͲ˿ˣ˵ģǸǼҵ˴绰еıŰµġҪȥлһ¡
ɫӦõġȻһ£Ҳû뵽ʵǼ˭
ֱӻţݼҡ
ĬĬؼסգ񽥽㱣˯˹ȥһֱעˣҲСֱû
˼Һ󣬳Ҫ𣬾ͱˣһ˲׺ţԼǰˣ׺ݣ޺ı顣
λ˶ˣﶼۣҲûг˵ʲô͵𣬵ˡ
ͷԼ³ˡ


 4 

ڼλ˵ĵ£صԼķ䡣
ϣ̲סЦһ£ۿҲԼеЦȻǸŮ˵Ļ
ʱصϣŮ˲֪ôģҿ˵ԸͣԵòã
Ӧˣ֪̲ûţڴŮΪԼĵһٷ
ǰֻһ࣬ƽͲĺܶ࣬Ǹ˵ĳںŮеóѵĿ⡣
ȫȻе㷸Ȼֱ˯˹ȥ
Ů˶³ıﻹ˵ţΪ㣬ҸֻҪˣǮҾܸҵİԶ߸߷ˣ˷ӡҺõǣһĹ˲ԣкˣʹŮ˵ıûʵ֡
صڣ￴ԼŶܵߵС߲ͷϣëС߲оˣҶ
һ󣬳ͷŴ̧˲ᣬллС߲
С߲һ£˵Ųȷʵ˵ľǲ
*
һߣϳȥ˾ڳϣʵأ
½ʿæóһϣ˹ȥ
ٶȿƽʵЩ
½ʿţǵġ
Ļش󣬾Ϳαϣ۾ˡ
˰һ·˹˾
*
ݼңݹԹԼܼүүԸԼܣ͵͵Ц
ܼҿҲЦЦСС㣬ҪҪȥ氡
ݹԹԿҡҡͷҪҪȥ顣
ܼҼ˵ҪֻԲһ£˵Ҫȥʱ򣬾ͱþˡʵСС㲻ῴôҪˣ
ɻĿһԼῴʱһģļ両˳
ԭΪԼѧ䣬ܸ˵ȥѧԼ̫ӦҲеͱͬѧǳЦ۸ʹԸҲȥѧˡ
ȻְֳͷǵĸĸҲԼС£˴ˡ
Լһֱڼˡ
ҲҲŮʶְֵĹؼԭˡ
̲סƲƲ죬ֱӿ˵ţܼүүҪȥѧ˶٣Ǽһ䣺Ҫѡ
ܼҵһʼɻ˲˹ϧĿԽ᣺ССǸо𣿡
ŲŲءȴͷûжı顣
ܼҿȴԽܹµҲԾ£үССүòã
ͷá
ܼһţҪүĻԼȥүͷˣͬ⡣
ݹԹȴ֪뷨תˡصԼĹź֪뵽ոԼĻˡ
Ҫȥһ£뵽ﲢûгֲȥڣֻȷ뷨
ſ˴ϣóһһʣʼŤŤ壬дԼļƻ
дһѱŵ£ŰְֵĻ


 5 

ܿ죬ҹĻ٣ݹԹԴ˯˹һ˲ãžͷӦԼˡ
´ǰž﹫ԼеܿġԼʹԼ˫ֺ˫ţõ͸ˡ
̵Ҷʱűˣϵţְֻˡ
æſڣţȥĻ˲䣬ͷӭؼҡ˵꣬¶Цݡ
˲ᣬ͵Žڼʲôˣ
ͷһ£ʼָ˵ϰְߺҾڷһһİѽ췢˵һ飬ܿˡ
ϿһѰ𣬵Žԡ
ͷҲΪġ
Ц⣬ſԸְ֣߰ϣΪʲô𣿡
ͷԡȻͿʼ˵飻ֻԼȥ磬ϵͳûиĶ
һʼЦٵϵıֱ˵꣬ٴ¶΢Цıţ˵𣿡꣬ͽŹκεı顣
ԥĵͷ϶˵ġ
Ͽϵı飬Ĭ

ݹԹеĿŰְ֣֪಻Լ
ʱƽĿ˵ţûлʮ𣿡
һ£û뵽ְֹעľȻͷкᣬϲõᡣ
ʱϵ뷨ǰԼıŮôҲ벻Ϊνڻңô硣⣬ȴۣ˵ţְֻúñġ
Ҽᶨ˵Ҳúñְֵġ
Цͷ˵ְֻϣſĵĳ󡣡
ݹԹĻ˲䣬ûзԼҪְֵ뷨
ϿɫţȥͰɡ
áԼĶӻš
ͽˡ
鷿Ÿո˵Ļ˿ûлŵĻϹ˵ġǰֽϣдᵽˡõ
õһӡûСˣԼȴе˽⡣
Ҽ˽ӣֻڻûб¶⻹Լ֮䷢ֵġ
ֽԼдµ֣Ĵ˸档
Ÿոźû˵Ϊʲô֪Լļ䣬Ҳеģڼ϶Ƿʲôӡ֪ʲôõ飬ͲˡֻҪúõľС
úֻŵ绰
½ʿȥһ°õˣҪСе顣
½ʿһ£æţϰ壬õ˭
Ÿոտдڱϵ֣̲סЦ⣬û뵽ŵôɰ洫Żţ֪ǰõɫİףõõȥɡ
½ʿ˲ǲòӦ£õġ˶٣Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ򣬵绰ѾҶˡ
*
ݹԹڴϣŰְԼ˵ģеܸˣ̲סڴϴ˼
Ȼѽһ̲סԼԴôǸְ˵ԼҪȥѧˡ
ǿ˿ʱ䣬ŰְӦ˯ˣٸְ˵ɡ
ţ˯˹ȥ


 6 

峿ݹԹٴδӹûиеãǺܿĵĴӴյ·ȥ
ϾһϵĲ߲ݣݹԹ˵ĻãýҪôˡ
۾αϣһٴ۾ʱѾǾˡ
ȥԼĹŮˡ
¥Ϳںţ̵ݹԹԣĺš
ݹԹԿȥҲ˹ȥְϺã
ϴЦصϺá
ʱܼҴһ߹˵үҵ׼ŵл
ɻĿȥл
ܼ΢΢ͷǵģСС㿴˳Сү˱ߣҽеı
ϵĿתݹԹԣʵôģ
Դ㽾Ļţġ
ܼʱһԸţΪһһֱڽлţССŷֵġ
ţ뷴һŲأ룬ûг
Ͽˣֻ΢΢ɻ󣬵ûʳǱһԵĹܼҵ˵ʲôʱ𣿡
ŵӡ
֪꣬ˡ˵꣬ͱݹԹȥ
ң̿ѾõĳЦһ£ôȲ
һĿ˹ȥ̣벻ҪҽгСҲԡ
̿ɰӣ̲סЦǣС𰡡
û˵Ǿı뷨
̿Э˵ˣСô
ĵͷһʱ䣬˵̣߰ɡ
Ҳһʱ䣬ŵˣҲ˵ģŸȥ
ߵ˸ڣ̵ʣڼʱͬ
Ѿ͵ϺݹԹԣ˹ܼҵͨݹԹе濴档ǿڵǽɡ
ܼҵͷת߽ˡ
̺ͳ˽ϣֱ⣬лĺܸлǣȻҼҵӾ͸ñˡ
ϳ΢΢һ£̫ˣֻǴ˸绰ܲô֣صĵл
̿ԽˣԼǸƻҲԽ϶ˡȴװһӣϸп˵㲻֪ǳҾʣһˣҲСĵ㣬ҶԲصµĶӡ˵ţ˵ţװˣ
ʱĿݹԹԵƿ̣Ҫοֲ֪˵ʲô
ݹԹѾܵ˳ߣο˵ţ̣ˡſģҲܡ
ͣ»䣬Ļ̲סֱЦŵţҼǵ㲻ǽйԹ𣿡
Цŵͷ˵ҵСԹҵĴ
ϿӣЦ⣬ȴǸ˵˼£ǼеƤ
˰֣УɱҼɶˡ
ݹԹһ£˭
ͨе㲻˼
̿ˣյݹԹԵĶС˵ҵӣֻϲô
ݹԹԵͷǸС磬磬ãš
ԽͨˣǻţãԽҳ硣
ͷţõģ硣
̿ദоܺЦȴеɻ󣬲˵ݼҵСŮǸɵ𣿿⿴Ҳɵ
Ͽųͨе㲻ζţţƤ
ݹԹԿ˿ְ֣Ļţõġ


 7 

̿ݹԹ˹ȥſڵôûүӣ
Щε˵ȥˡ
ݹԹһ˲ãž˵˭ˡۿ̲ס޺ŵҪүүҪ̡
Ͼһ£æţ˵ţôˣޣְ˵˵
˿һԵĳ̺ͳͷϵĻ˵ˡ
ǿ˵ţǾȸˡȻĶݹԹԵпȥ档˵꣬ʹųˡ
ߺϿݹԹԵĵʵţûˣԸְ߰ô𣿡
ſǻҪүүҪ̡Ȼ˲ᣬ˵үүɻϣȥˡ
ɫϾе㽹ʵŻǵʲôʱ𣿡
æͷصǵãүүȥҪʱ򡣡˵꣬ԼԴҪ޵˵һ졣
ͷûϵѾ㹻ˡ
գˮ۾ȥʵ𣿡
¶һ΢Цͷ˵ġ
ŻһŰְְ֡ġ
Ϸĵǣ˵ǲ¸ְ
ݹԹһ£ûзӦְ˵ʲô˹ܼүү˲ˡͷϵǵġ˵ְֲѣŶˡ
ϵ˵Сӣ𣿡
ɵĻţˡҪȥѧ
ϽʵѧΪܻˣҪѧ
ͷеãʲô𣿱ɻĿŰְ֡
Ͽ񣬿ʼţһȥһŲȥֲòȥ֣
һ£ܾ˵Լ뷨Ų֣ȥֲȥ
ϺЦĿſԸְ߰Ϊʲô𣿡
ûΪʲôš
װģ˵ǵȰְһ£ٸŴô
á
ͷְȥ˾Ǯˡ
˻ְֵټ
ټ˵ţ̤˼š
Ϻϵıóֻŵ绰ǵ绰ȴûнͨŵ绰һ롣ΣֱҪҶϵʱ򣬵绰Žͨˡϣʲôǲڼ㡣
Ͽһֻϵʱ䣬ŵ룬ǱӦҲǾŵ㣬ֻ϶ѡ˵žŵ㡣
˱ģҪҶϵ绰һ˿ڵͷӣ۶ʲô°ǲôˣ˵꣬Լӹ˵绰ʵ
ЦſڵĸףϺá
ĸȴֻĻţϺáȻ͵ĵţǲǳˣ
ûС
ĸʣôǴ绰ˣ
͸ʲôʱɻ𣿡
ݸ²Աߴɻѵ߻ȥ𣿡
ɫ䣬ȴĸף͸׼ʲôʱ
ĸһ£ԭ׼һʱ䣬ô𣿡
ûʲô͸׻ʱ򣬸һ˽˷ɻɡ
áĸҪ˵ô鷳һҪ֪ͨҡ
ĸ֪ʲôõ£ûм֣Э˵á
绰Ҷϣһûмĸ׺͸ףһжܶۡ


 8 

ݹԹĵɳϣ⿴ǿǲ붯
ʱ˹̬üͷѵݹԹԣ㿴ʲôӡ
ݹԹԿãɵĺ衣
ȻҪѵĻסˣĿ˿תҪߣתתүңȥȥ
ݹԹһͷЦŵҪȥ
ȼҪȥһ£룺οǻô˵ҡȻȥһ·
áشԼ¥ҴҵĻһ·ȥڼҡ
ڼңݹԹԿĵ˽ȥĺţѣүˡ
ܿ죬˻ţҵĹˡ
ȥЦݵȻѣү¶һ΢Ц
ǣ֣ߵ˿Ծ˺ȡ
ȿĸ֡裬Ҳˡ
ֻġšһһҲԴݹԹ顣
ҲѾϰˣԹԵɳϣֻ
ڸĸеҪ˵ǿŹŮֻöӶˡ
ĸݹԹԣϸڼ޲İҪ档
ݹԹʹͷ˵ţģϾҪȥѧˡŻǻ᳣үѵġ
ĻֹסЦ⣬˵ţŵС𡣡ȻŷӦҪȥѧˡ㵣ĵţŲǲȥѧôͻȻȥˣ꣬˿һ̵ȣǲˡ
ݹԹԸæҡͷ裬͵ŲأſɺˡԼȥġ
ȸҪĸԹݹԹԿٵΪԼͣԹ¶ˡе㲻˼ΪԼŲûкܺá
ֻĸЦһ£ԣŲĳˡĳ˲˵֪˭
ˣ˼
ݹԹЦ˵ſѺүˡ
һűֽȴûпڸ⻰̲סֱԼǿѹȥˡʧӡ
ĸȴûţֱӿĵЦҲš
ݹԹ̵ĸ˲䡣
ȿЩζæţأ
ݹԹԴһ£ȻҲĸѣ˾أ
ĸϵЦݵε˵ţġȻˡһʡġ˵ţ˵ȡ
˲ˡ
ݹԹæ˵ţ˾˺ġ
ĸ˵ǣ˾ˡ
̧ͷȻ
ĸЦͷһͣ˸ϲĳԵġ
ݹԹûдӦǿȡ
ĸҲȣôڼҳԷ
ȿݹԹԣ滳ĥԼġĸԼæ˵ţУȻڼҳԷ
ĸӦ£ţȥԸЩŰԵġ˵ţȥˡ
ݹԹܵڸߣ˵ţүֽÿ𣿡
ڸͷǿԱ۾ǰѱֽȥѧҪúѧϰ
ݹԹĵͷ
ڸɰӣǲһ䣺ҲôŬͺáֻҪ۸ţ͸ϣүңү
¶õ΢Цţá
һԵȣѾû˵ˡȻ֪Լó裬Ǻ˰


 9 

磬ݹԹų뿪ڼҡϣȿݹԹԵȥѧˣ
Ļţǵģ衣
ȿӣһ˲ᣬܿʲôƵãֱñſķǵ˵ţѧУ۸ˣɱϴһ״
Цˣô˵һҲģΪ֪ǰԼġȻ費Ϊ˸Լ𣬳ΪһһͶ֪ĵˡ
ȼûƢˣֻԼͷֻ
ݹԹе֣оֲ֪ΪʲôֻһԲ˵ˡ
һ·ԣصݼҡ
ȺݹԹһǰһ˽ȥݹԹԿ߻طȣͷ룬ת˳
˳ĳʦ˵ţССʲô𣿡
ݹԹԿǣɵĻţһ̲衣
ʦһ£ܿͷӦСС㰲ǾУԶ֡
ҡҡͷҪԼ
ʦֵӣеΪѣһĳʦæȥҹܼˡ
һܼҴҴ˹ݹԹԵСС㣬ôˣ
ܼң¶Цݵܼүүһ̲衣
ܼæţԸС
Ҫܾ˵š
ܼҿЭ˵ǺðɡҪԱЭ
ҡСԴ˵áȻųʦҰ̲Ĳù
ʦæ̲ĲϷŵǰ
ΪԼϲ̲裬ΪϾ̲費ɾ˲ɹ̲ĲϣóʦԼŻ̲Ĳϡ
ݹԹԿʼһһ
ܿ죬һ̲ˡ
ţݹԹԶ̲裬С¥ϣȵķȥ
ȷſڣݹԹеΪѵĿţΪԼ˫ֶռš
ʱĹܼҵСС㣬ҰɡܼҲѾССΪʲôҪ̲ˡ
æͷЦ˵ллܼүү
ܼţˣССˡ
ƲƲ죬ٶȵĴţʲô
裬̲裬ҪҪ˵꣬ڴĿ⿴˹ȥ
ȴһ£Ĭһ£̲裬ſ˵ţлл˵꣬͹š
ܼҿˣæҪοСС㣬ǿı飬οĻû˵ڡԷ˵Ĳˡ
ڣȿ̲裬һźһڡ
һں˲䲻ٺˡΪ̫ˡ˿Ǻˡ
ϣϻ󣬿ݹԹԵţְֻˡ
ݹԹȥӭȻգ۾ְ𣿡
һѰ𣬻ţˡ
ǰְͬ𣿡
Ͽŵӣܿͻţͬˡ
ллְ֡
ҲЦԴȻǲ˵ڹ˾ѧУѡһѧУҸǸѧУ˼ѧ¥Ϊ˲ݹԹ۸רһõʦ
һж׼׵󣬲ͬġ


 10 

ϴӦݹԹȥѧӣѾ죬Ҳǽ죬ݹԹҪȥѧУˡûôѸ١
ݹԹԱСһСñӣŷɫȹӡſѧУĳ
ϿЦ˵źڴѧУ𣿡
ʹͷšȻѧУļ䲻ôãǾһѧУѧǺܺõġ
ϼȥѧУһȻ˵֪ΪʲôСӵ뷨Ʊġ
ܿ죬͵һѧУСѧееĽҲõѧУ֮һ
³󣬻Եĸı䡣ݹԹȻǿɰӡ
ţͼװС˹ǰǸˣı飬ǸŮǷǳңСѧУͶ
Ĺά治ɫǽȥ
õġõġǰҲ⣬Ǽĵ˵š˵꣬һָ·ѧУһ顣
ݹԹԿŴѧУڴѧͼϿϲ𣿡һ˵ڣЩӵ˶ŵĿݹԹԡ
ҵݹԹԺܸӵĵͷϲ
ѧУ˶һлĿݹԹԡ
Ǽ˵ţžѧòã
á
У˳װķŻضˡ
УִȥݹԹԼҪϿεĵطݹԹԿѧͻȻһϤӰָ˵ְ֣ҿСˡ
һ˳ſ˹ȥǳҵСӣ̲סҪУ˵һࡣֿ˿룺ҲãóСӹŵšЦŵͷ
ݹԹԲ֪һգ۵Ĺ򣬰ְô࣬˵ţְ֣ҪСһ࣬Ըһؼ
ͷЦŵǰȻҪȥ𣿡
ݹԹͷ룬ѧе㺦ߣֺȥеĿϡ
Ͽ˵ȥȥ
УһҲæţǵġǵġ
ݹԹԿ˿ǣе²˾ġʱ潲εʦǣ˳Уôˣ
УЦſȥҸ˵ݹԹԣҪתȥǰࡣ
˹ȥһɰС˵ţðԽʦ
ݹԹе㺦ߣǻţݹԹԡ
̲סţÿɰӡǹԹͬѧҪȥ𣿡
ݹԹԿͷȻĴϵĻְȥɡҪȥѧˡ
ϿЦŽȥ󣬰ְߡ
룬ǰְ˵ټ˵꣬ǰһϵ
Ȼߵߣɵ˵ţʦǽȥɡ
񣬵ǿŵõġ
УˣݹԹôȵӣҲ̲סţҪԼһôɰĹŮˡ
ݹԹԸĺ棬˽ȥ
һֱŴСѣҲ˽̨
ݹԹԼǶԼе㺦ˣǺܺˣȴǿ򶨣ʼԼ
ܿ죬ͽԼͼǾһȥűҵʹһ
бЦ⡣
ЦǣˣǶŵͬѧˡ
ŷĺ֡
˿Թͬѧţͬѧһ𣬺òã
ݹԹԻûشһ͸˵ĴĻţá
˹ȥһβ裬·Ů˵ġ˵ˣҲͷáȻߵߣЦһºȥ
⣬ϼݹԹôܻӭ΢΢Ȼһۣת뿪ˡ
Уһж˳Ҳܸˡ


 11 

¿κݹԹԵλϣ˲Χˡ
ֻǺĿݹԹԣһŮͬѧţݹԹԣôʱѧУѾһˣڼ𣿡
ЩҲ׷׸ţǾǡȻ
Ҫش𣬾ͼͬҲǸ·Ů౿˵ţʲô飿ô࣬ʮΪʲô𣿡
һʼ˵ŮˣڵౣǲҪ£
౿Ц˵ҿﲻɣΪһ㻹ƯС
ɫѿĵ˵
ȴһҲ£˵ţǣǲǺ˵
ͬѧҲЦŻţûϹ˵ݹԹԾǱÿ
һۿתܻԼλϣ
ݹԹԻûзӦʱѾˡ
ݹԹе޴ĿΨһˣҲǳ֪ĺţ𡣡
ͬѧһ£֪˭ȴվߵҽг𡣡
޹Ŀ˹ȥǳ̾㰡
￴һҰԺٽвУ
ſ޵ĵ򣬵ͷá
Ӧ£תߵߣűͬѧҪˡ
Ļûֹͣޣ޵ĸˡ
һ˿ͣӵı˵졣
ֹͣ˿ŵˡҲŵˣֻݹԹԡͬѧڲˣһ룺Сӿ޿淳˰ȴԼҲֻǸСӡ
򲻿ˣصλϣʱϿˡ
ʦ˽ǶûлصλϣΧһİŮͬѧߣ֪ѧЦſڵˣͬѧǸϽλϡʶҪ¿ʱ䡣
ͬѧһ׷׹ɵܻԼλϡ
ʦǺοȻǸոձΧסݹԹԣʱ̲ס˵ţÿɰԲཱུȴܾ£ڿźǿɰȸոոˣ˵ǽݹԹ𣿡
ݹԹԵͷţǡ
ʦôɰϵıӼˡ˿ԱߵͬѧڿϣһʼΡ
лҪ˵ֱСˡѩn

 12 

һ죬ȥˡ
ܿ͵˷ѧʱ򣬳ߵݹԹԵ߿ڵţҪҪһȥȳ
ݹԹԿЦŻصҪҪһҡ˵꣬㿪ʼԼӡ
￴һӣҲû˵ʲôһԿԼ
ǣͼݹԹԽԽң鱾ֱȥӲ
̾һǰҰ㡣
һЦлл硣
ôƺԼûУǼãŽȻȻİŲŶ߰ɡ
ݹԹԹɵĵͷȥ
˺ܿſڣݹԹһ۾Ϳ˰ְ֣˷ܵĺְ֣⡣ȻǰȣͷЦ
϶ʱܵһ㱩̰ж
ǿ˿Χˣȴţôû۸㣿
ҡҡͷЦŻصû۸ңǶԸѡ
һһЦ˵ôɰ϶ϲġ

ʱϲŷûڣţأ
˿Լ˫֣ҲŷûڣȻŤͷ˳Ļصء
ҲѾˣͻȻòˣȻ󼸲ǰ˵ţҾС
ȴ⣬òЦ˵
ϵͷȻתǣݹԹ뿪ˡ
ǻ˻֣ºΡ
ϣݹԹԿϣ˵ְǲϲ𣿡
ЦŻصûаȴţ˭ϲһҪԼҹԱˡ
ݹԹԼְ˵ûУȻе֣ˡ²˵ѧУ顣
һ԰ص˼ҡ
ҺݹԹԿɳϵ裬ǰû˰ְȥվǰЦŵ裬һˡ
䵭Ļһ䣺ӭ
һҲ⣬ֻеʧ䡣ȻæЦ裬Ҹ㽲һ½ѧУɡ
ȴͷ˿ʱ䣬Ȼ˵ţҪԷˣ극ٽ
ԸæӦţáȻٵĳ극˿衣
ȿٶȲԾļӿˣȻ˿
ݹԹԼĺ棬ҲĽšȴ˽⵽ѧУˡ
վһԣһĻ뵽Ǹüת¥½ʿ绰ˡ


 13 

ص¥ϣ绰ţ绰ͨʵôˣ
ͷ½ʿһ£һŷӦȻæţûеꡣֱԹһ䣺Ϊаõкܶ࣡
ıԹеΣȻͻȻʲôһٴ㡣˵꣬͹Ҷϵ绰ת¥ˡ
˿ͼͷһһĵȥݹԹԣȻֻֿסݹԹԣ¶ɫ
ǰѻ˯ݹԹԱСĶȵҲϽȥϢɡ˵꣬ͱݹԹ¥ˡ
Ļһ˲ΪѾܾûԼ˵ˡ֮Ϳʼñ̬ȶԴԼ
ԼҲ֮󣬶ˡΪʱѾȷΪǸ̵֡
ԼһֱΪΪݹԹԣԲŻᱻԴԼݹԹԺܲϲ
ǽͻȻԼôᣬֻ˵һ£ǾԼˡ
еҵĻصԼķ䣬ϸ⼸顣
ԽԽ׹ԼˡԼΪݼݹԹԣΪԼݹԹĺӣǲŶԼΪԼݹԹԣԲŲǴ
̲סЦ˳ܿ죬۾
˵ڶ졣
ݹԹԴ˯еԻԼô˯˴ϣһû㲻ˣֱӴ·Q¥ˡ
ڲϣݹԹԿŶЦ裬еܿģţ裬Ϻá
ҲЦſڻصţϺá
϶ǰһĻеܿġ
ܿ죬ͳˣݹԹȲıСǣŰְְֵֵ֣߰ɡ
˵Ķͷ٩ôϲѧ
ͷѡ˵ţߡ
ϺЦĿˡ
վһԣڵŰɡ
һ£Ȼţ첻ˡ˵꣬ݹԹˡ
ϣϿݹԹԵţ֪ǸõľϢ𣿡
ݹԹͷҿȻͷԼԺС˵ܿҵˡ˵ţõͨͥиĸһܵܡͥܰҵһѧźܺõòֽ25ꡣ˵꣬ϵְΪʲôҪ֪Щ
ĬĬذЩºͷְá
ѧУݹԹҲˣܽѧУ


 14 

ѧУݹԹԿԼͬౣĴкϺãͬѧ
౰˰֣ˬ˵ţôңС౶С
ݹԹ룬Һɡ
౵ͷСҽԹԡ
ЦŻصá
౼ôɰյĶߣС˵ţ͵͵㣬ǰҹãԺ㡣
ҲСĻţá˵ţ˿ΧˣûпԼЦ
౿ôɰĶ̲סţˡˣ
ʱͷ߹ȴҲԼ˽ۿ̲סǿԼĳֱȥˡ
ĿһȻݹԹԣݹԹԣѧУôô簡
ɵĻţΪǰ
˲סˣֱ㶵ĿȻתλˡϵĺΣôҲڲס
Ļôôɰ
ݹԹе㲻Ŀ˹ȥ
ܿ죬Ͽʱ䵽ˡţһ˶Ϥˡ
Ϊ೤վ˵ʦǲߴˣ
̨ϵЦҡҡͷûСѧʦҽаõǽҰʦС
౼ţʦأ
õƢĿΪʦҪˣԾԺӹǵѧ
౼ȥ
ݹԹֺ󣬾ʹסˣ㶵ĿһҲúࡣº͵ĵͷſȥ˵ˡ
õע⵽Ϊλãվڽ̨ϵʱ򣬿һҲܿɰ
õĿ˵λͬѧû°ɣ
ݹԹ԰ͷһ룬̧ͷû¡˵꣬ͼͷ˵ˡ
õ˿û£Ҳ˵ʲôˣʼΡ
ݹԹȴһҲȥԺĶȹһ졣
ߣϽ빫˾󣬾ͿԼ½ʿĺȦһ£ܿԼϸ˵ģ˼Ȼ°ࡣ
½ʿЦŵллϰ塣ȴ˵ţ⻹ࡣ
ϼ˵ţǸõ25꣬ĸڣһܵܡ
½ʿ£õġȴڲϲ²ţ⵽˭ϰˣϰһ飿ԽԽףҡͷ


 15 

磬ѧˡݹԹҲڷӦˣʲôҲˣֱӰеܡ
յſڣͿְſڣ˵ȥ
Ͽɫæʵôˣǲ۸㡣
ݹԹ̧ͷҪش
õʹһ˹ĿϣãݹԹͬѧİְְɡݹԹͬѧһ춼е㲻״̬Ҳشҳעһ°ɡ
ϿĹģͷ˵ţ鷳ˡôû㣿
õЦһ£ԭȵʦˣǡ
ϿǾ鷳ˡ
ô˵æ˵ţ 鷳ʦӦġ˶٣˵ţˣǰõԺԹҪʲô£ҡݹԹͬѧĿڳ˹Թԣһ޴Ծ
ֺŵĲԾ֪ôˡзɿһ˿ɫȴǸոͷõġ˵꣬ͱݹԹϳˡ
ϳݹԹԿϣۿ˵ְ֣ΪʲôӦ
ЦְִӦʲôˣ
ǴӦ˵һ룬ͻȻӦְֺʲôûдӦ
ϼ˵ţǸǲǾǰõ
ݹԹߵĵͷְ֣ô⣿
ͷž͹ԹѧĲܡ
еɣǡ
ֱӴĻţʲôʲôĲܡ֪𣿡
Űְ֣ЦǰˡȻˮҸˮ
ԺȴŸոյ顣
ѧУõŸոݹԹԵİְ֣ɵúû뵽ݹԹԵİְ־Ȼô˧һһǮ
ԼеİӡѾкˣ̾һʰһ£ؼˡ
ؼҵ·ϣСڵѧУһԱȣͺȴĸ·˴к
ҲĻţõˡ
ߵӾͷխСķӣһЦ˽ȥţ֣裬Сһˡ
ܿ죬һݲϵŮ˳ĿõõˡţһҲ˳
õͷȻ˿Сأ
ĸȻѵĻȴЦţ֪ȥˡ
õһ£Ѹپͷкӣ̰ҲǺġ
ĸͷȻ󼤶ĿʵĹôûǮˣ
õϵЦݽһ£ţŵһ죬Ҳ
ĸô˵еʧ˵ţû£ǵעһ¡
õǿͷõġ


 16 

ڶ죬õճȥϰ࣬ڰ·ϣȴӵһͨ绰绰ݣܴʶûʳһڹҶ˵绰
绰ݣҲֻһ䣺õС㣬㱻ˡ
õԭվһȴѧУȥҪΪʲô
ݼң½ʿѵϵݸϣϷܿҵԼİõϣüʵΪʲôûдѧУѧ
½ʿٵĻص˰ڵ϶͹ˡǱ˼ǣܡ
ϿѧУİõǹ𣿡
½ʿһ£û뵽ϰô˵
ҲԼǺܺã˰ֵȳȥɡ
½ʿͷĬ˳ȥ
ǿϵϣ˳˼֪½ʿ᷸ô򵥵Ĵ󡣵ô£
õѸپӦƸѧУʦοŰʦҾȥѧĵڶ죬ôôòܡ
ţͲѧУУǾ˰õ¼
õѧУֱӳͨĵУңſڵʱ򣬻ǿŭòźУ
һУſ˵ţɡ
õһֻĺЦ߽ȥ߽ȥУһ£˭Žģ
õ彩һ£ȴ˵ţûҰ
Уô˵̲ס˵һ˵ˣðõģȴЦſõС㣬ʲô𣿡
õУҲ˵ģֱʵУΪʲôҪҡ˵һԹ
Уȴ֪ôģͻȻԺʵʵ˵ĻţҿģҲ֪
õһҲе⡣Ļشһ£ԼʶģֻݹԹԵİְ֣üʵݹԹԵİְ𣿡
УʵĻţǡ
õ󣬾Ҫתߣͣס˽ŲУոյĻջء
Уһһ۵Ļţʲô
ҪҵĻ
Уûкܿش𣬶ǳĬǵõ˵һʱУŴӦ
õӦ¼ת뿪ˡ
뿪СʱУѹɻԴȻҡҡͷˡ
ߣҲݹԹѧУյѧУſڣͿ˰õ
ϿüͷݹԹԻ˵ţŽȥɡ
ݹԹԿһ۰õȻŶϵְټ
ϵͷݹԹ˽ȥ
ʱõȥϣԹ˵ţΪʲôҪ
¶ɻ󣬿ڵõʦ˵ʲô
õ˿ΧˣſֱˣżҪһ¡
ϵͷͬõġȻȴ˿ʱ䣬ź˵ţ飬Բܸġ
ûϵʱʱϵҾС˵꣬ݹȥһ绰룬ȻתѧУ
Ͽĵ绰룬ͷЦһ¡


 17 

ݹԹԼλϡ
ʱ˹ĵĿʵǲ𣿡
ݹԹҡҡͷЦŻصûа
ЦŵģɫȷʵҲûʲôã֪û¡ͷǽúѧϰ
ݹԹԹɵӦ£õġ
Ӧº󣬾תصλϣ¿ˡ
ʱ౴յߣĵţԹԣǲǲϲѧʦ
һ£֪Լòøǵͷǡ
౺ĿʵΪʲô
ҡҡͷΪѵĿ˵
౿Ҳֻļ磬ûϵҲ⡣˵Ĳ⣬ʼĻ⡣
ݹԹҲЦ⿴
һڿοʼˣõ˽һݹԹԣû˵ʲôĿʼΡ
ܿ죬һڿξȥˡȻݹԹԿõе㲻ǿΡ
¿κ󣬰õݹԹԣĺţݹԹͬѧһ¡
ݹԹһ£ﲻԸȥҲûйȥʵʵԼλϣ
õһ£Ϊûֺһ£ݹԹͬѧһ¡
ݹԹվ𣬿ֱ˵ʦҲȥ
õݹԹͬѧǲҼҳ
ݹԹĻһ£ǲԸȥ
ȴȥˡ
౿˵ʦԹԲȥΪʲôһҪȥ
õдŲ͵Ŀݣǿ͵ʦ顣
վ侲˵ţȥ
õ˭ҵĺӣǻû뵽Ͽˣֻתˡ
ݹԹԿǣЦллǡ
ﵭĻţû¡վȴ֣ᷢĶ൱ĺ찡
˽Ƕվţ٩˵ţͬѧǲ׼ڿվϰ
һæصԼλϡ
ôԣЦһ£׼Ρͼˡ
һ£ͬѧ𣿡
״ոհõʦݹԹԣݹԹȴȥ
˵ģһ£ȻݹԹԣԾŵģ𣿡
ݹԹԲ˵ĵͷ
Ҳ׼ڼʣǿͬѧ°ɡ
ЦŵͷȥƿݹԹԱѵĻ档ȴûпΧˣܷ
ܿ죬һڿιȥˣݹԹݹԹͬѧһ¡
ݹԹεûûȥٵܵǰ档֡
ôԣ̲סЦһ¡칫ȥ


 18 

˰칫ңǣݹԹİ칫ϣȻĿݹԹԣ˵ݹԹԣո˵𣿡
ݹԹԵͷСĻţġ
ݹԹΪʲôõʦĻأ
ݹԹҲֱӻţҲϲһĸҰְ˵
һ£ʲôʱ򣿡
ѧҰְҵʱ򡣡
ô˵ͷȻǶݹԹԣǶ԰õȴ˵ţݹԹͬѧԺҲҪʦĻ֪𣿡
ݹԹԲǺԸĵͷ
յĶߣ˵ԺõʦҪ㣬ԹңҰ㣬ô
ݹԹһͷ¶õ΢Ц֪ˡ
ɽһãһã̲סЦͷȻԹԻؽҰɡ
ͷȻɰ˵ţʦټ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ʱõ˽ڣΪԼģЦ˵ݹԹͬѧȾ˰ɡ
ݹԹԴһ£û뵽ô˵ɻʵʲôȾˣ
õЦƽ˵ͬѧҪʦʦֻҪ˽һ¡
ݹԹԿûкʦ
õԼе㲻ģȴ˵ţǾͺáɡ˵꣬ԼλȥݹԹ෴ĵطҲ⡣
õλϺ󣬷˲ˣе㾪ȡҪƢǻûͿһŵЦŵȴǱԹڵСʦĻ
ͷβڰõеΪӣǵͷĸţǰǰڵСƤˡ
õ彩һ£ܿиͷ˵ˡ
ߣݹԹԻص˽е㵣ĵĿʵû˵ɣ
ЦŻţûС
ûУԼؿڣҲǣƢôŲ˵أǸһ
ݹԹЦ
ܿ죬Ͽˣʦ˽
磬ϸյѧУſڣͿѧУſվŵİõʲô룬˾ѳǰ档
ǰɻһ£ţ¶ϲĿ⣬Ȼ󼸲ǰóʵݹԹԵİְ𣿡
ҡ³ȥ˵ôˣ
õ˵ģ˽һ¡
üʡ
ģǲǸУ˵Ҫңõ꣬ͽ
⣬ɫģ˵ˡ
õôش𣬲֪ôһҪ˵ЩʲôͼݹԹ˹ֱӰõԹԵϳŶ˾ߴٵ
˾Ҳˡ
õֻǳıӰ
ϿһϵеĶеЦҲЦЦ󣬿컹̵𣿡
˵ĵͷţǰ
Ļش𣬾ͳĬ
ݹԹԺܿͲˣȥʵְôˣ
ϿͷЦ˵ûʲô
Űְ֣ʲô˵ֻð


 19 

һ·ˡ
³ϿݹԹԵȥɣְȥ鷿顣
˿û˵ʲôĻţõġȻܻطˡ
ߵ鷿Ÿոյ顣ԼѾУ˵ˣѰõûпܲ
ַŵϣһȻֻУĵ绰
绰ͨϿڵУôˣ
洫ɻʲô鰡
Ļش𣬳Ĭһ£Ȼ˵ţû¡ֻҪæ
˵
ҪŮʦһ¡
УţλʦǶ
ǸŮϲ
Уһʲô£Ц˵õġ
ϼӦ£Ҷ˵绰ת¥ˡ
¥󣬾ͿдҵݹԹԣ¶Ц⣬ѧϰ𣿡
ҡҡͷЦŵѡȤ
ĻشЦͷ
ݹԹʵְ֣үүʲôʱҶˡ
ְҲֻ֪ǻʱ򣬻ְִ绰ġ
ݹԹԵͷдҵ
ң￴ų̵̣ҲϲǸʦɲԻһ°
еֵĿƽǶںЩΪʲôͻȻô˵
һ£ȻǰҾǲϲʦҪҡ
̼ˣðɡ˵꣬һԹܼùѾ׼õ绰ֻ˹ȥ
绰ҶϺ󣬳̴Ц⿴Ȼ٩˵ţѽ˵һԹԵİְѾУ˵ˡ
һһȻ̣һ˵ţ̣¥ȥдҵˡ˵꣬¥ˡ
̿ǰȻ̬ͬȣҲЦȻ𣬽ڹ˾飬ɫֱ
һԵĹܼҵϳ£ԺһݶҪŽˡ
ܼ۵Ŀˣ𣿡
Цһ£ǿֻʣһһСҪǡ
ܼҷ߷ߵ˵ţˣǶЩǡүڵʱ򣬶Ƕð
̾һˡȥ׼Ͱɡ
ܼҵͷţǡȥ׼ˡ
뿪󣬳ص̾һһԵƬĸš
Ϊ»õĳѾͷ׷̣ʲôҲû˵ģܻ¥


 20 

ﱧС߲ĸţ֪Щʲô
ţͼ͵վ𣬴·ȥ·ʱ̿ˣæţȥģ
ȥһ¡һ£š
һ̫á
֪ˡ˵ţŸȥС߲ҲȥԱʱԼСˡ
ﵽݼſڣһȻ塣
һܼ˳Сү𣿡
صĵͷݡܡ
ܼҴһ˲ܿͷӦ˵Եһ¡˵ţߵһԣϴ绰ˡ
˵˲һӣͼܼҴţ
еŵĵͷǼᶨ˲һ·ߵϵ鷿
￴ڰ칫ϣûдţǰһԣ˼ŽҪ˵Ļ
ϼһԣҲ͵˲ڡ
ʱһһĹȥˣϲڿ˵ϺܺãҲ䣬𣿡
СֱӵͷȻ˵⡣
Ͼ˵ģԽԽе㾪ȣȴɵ
˵껰ܽһ£Ȼ˵˼ǣҪҽô˾Ȼұꡣ
ĵͷǵġ
˵ǵĺ󣬱̲סЦ˳̣̿Ǳһ
Ĭһ£ͷͬġΪСӦСӡ˵£Сܡ
ϰϵĸֱʣ˵ţ̵¡
û˵ʲôֻǴվϹˡ
ûػûվֱǼ
һϲŵɣȷѧĻ᣿˵ţСƵĿ˿
΢ҹĿ㲻ᣬҲᱳʹ⡣
Ͽ˻֣оȥɣһ̸Ҫˡ
һʱ䣬Ѿˣæ˵ţټ˵꣬ʹҴҸϻؼˡߺʲôˣ̫벻ֻȥˡ
ģҲûʲôֻǣһֱС߲ѡ
С߲һ߽ݼ֮ûиһϵ鷿Ҵš
ûһܵһ۵ķӶ˲Ϊٶ̫ˡ
ŷ۵ӣϻë׵ĵ̺̲סпеĵطţ㿪ʼڵϴû򼸸Ϳһŷ·С˽
С߲̲סһɰ
ݹԹһЦŻصллҲܿɰ
С߲סˣ飬һֻţһĺҵĻСŮ𣿻Ů洵ĺ˰
ݹԹһ⣬еЦҪش𣬾洫ܼҽСС㣬û°ɣôйڽС
ݹԹԴţ̧ͷŹܼңĻţû£ֻǹе㿪ġ˵ŻһС߲ͼС߲ϵͷЦš
ܼһ˵СС㣬Ұѹ߰ɡ
ί˵ţҪҪ档
ܼҿӣûˣֻõǺðɡҾ棬Էһ
Ц˵ţõġллܼүү˵ֹ꣬ţ˽ȥ


 21 

ݹԹָС߲СС߲С˵ϴξСˣ¸ء
С߲ĻͦͦνأС߲ǺģŲûŮ˰ء
ݹԹЦͷ޵С߲Ǻġ
С߲ĵҡβ͡
˿ʼݹԹž˯ˡ
ʱС߲С˲ˡ׼ȥͿվŵĹܼңֵ
ȴһҲ⣬̧ͷͦصˡû߼ͱˡ
ʶҧȥ룬Ѽң˼£ûĶ
ֻܼҰŸڳȥ
ԭˡ
ҵĳԼС߲ݼңҪȥңѾͻˡ
С߲СˣӹܼһһԾ£ɱСˡǰͣ£ȴڲϵ˵½ѡ
ȻġͼǣС߲طϢˡ
ڶ죬ݹԹ۾ԼڴϣеɻΪԼǵôϵĴ벻㲻ˣ´ˡ
¥£ݹԹԿѾڵϣɵĺţְ֣Ϻá
ϳЦŵͷҲţϺá
ݹԹߵǰôϰߵӣϵְ֣Ǽʲô
һ£ô֪Ǽ˰
ҲûĻţС߲˵ġ
ϿŽܼ˵飬֪ʵС߲˭
࣬ȥţС߲ҵĹ
Ļͫһ£ʵ֪С߲ˣ֪ˣΪС߲ģ
С߲ҵġ˵ţ˲顣
ϿǿС߲˵𣿡
ǰͷš˵꣬Լһ£æ죬е㺦µĿϡ
ϿӣæЦſ޵ôȻС߲˵Ļ
ݹԹԼְֲûʲô쳣ķӦһӵĵְֲ𣿡
ĿʵְΪʲôҪ
һ£ĻţΪûиְ֣߰ԼĻ
Цְֲܸˡ
Ŀ˹ȥ
ͷΪÿ˶ܡԾ˵벻˵˵꣬ûзɣְֻеġΪûиְ߰֡
ݹԹԿæ˵ţҲǹģֻΪҲ֪ô˵˵ţͷ
ϿͷЦ⣬ְ־ˡ
һæ̧ͷܿͱˣҿ˲䡣
ϿĶ̲סԺҪʲô飬Եһʱְֽ𣿡
˼Ӧ£ԡ
ϼôӦ£Цŵǰְֿɼסˡ
ݹԹԵͷ˵ţСĴָ
ϺЦĿɵľٶԼСĴָ
һһС֣Լ
ݹԹԿϵֿ֣˿Լ֣͵͵Ц
ϿЦˣʵΪʲôЦ
ְֵֺúڡ˵ţ̵Ц
ϿԼֿ֣˿֣һԱȣԼֺڡҲɵЦ
ЦһݹԹһʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˣٵĳϵְ֣ҿٵˡ
Ͽڵԡ
ݹԹһٶȾҲˡ
ϿȻԼǺܵȴܾȡ
֪ΪʲôĻ֪¶ûʲôӰ죬һжδ֪ġ
ȻԼܵģֳܱȻŻӲ
ܿͳˡѧУȥ
ʱõһյϢֻβûпǽ̱İࡣ
ֻϵϢ̲סһֱֻ÷ˣŷŹֻҲŹԼ
ûȥУϾԼûб
ĬĬȥ̱İˡ
ֵǣݹԹǰѧʦÿβһСʱܻв֪ԭˣ飬ǡ
ǰõֻصݹԹԵİ༶
ʱ䣬Ҳֻһѡ
õǰİ༶βסĸˡ˵û׼ΡϾǰֻһȺӡ
ȴˣѧУרΪ̳ģνļ̳ˣ˵ǮˡǴġȻҲɵģǲࡣ
ݹԹǰɵһԱȻҲȴԿ˵ɫ
౿˵λʦһ벻Ҫûˣ𣿡
õһ£߳ŭĿ˭ĵӣְʦ
ȴһҲµĻţû˸ֻԼߡ˵꣬ѿɫʦӦʦӣʲô
õĻɫɫʲôҲû˵˳ȥ
ݹԹԿౣû뵽ôౣ
Цһ£ǡ˵꣬ȴţҰô˵ҹãҿˡ
ݹԿе㵣ĵ˵᲻᲻ð
౰˰֣ǿġȴţϣԼӹһ١


 22 

磬ݹԹСȣ˻ؼҵĳ
쵹ˣġ
˵裬ôҰ
ȿ㲻𣿡
æ֣˵ûУܺõġ˵꣬˿
ȿС񣬰ŵҲ岻ˣֻ÷Ŀְֽ£ҪӰࣻԲ㡣˵ţӵ绰ʱǧԼŪˣŪøԼǸǵġ
ݹԹĻ¶Цݵ
Цͷ˵ˡ
ݹԹҲ˲䡣
һ·ܰĵ˼ҡ
Һ󣬾ͿŵϣӣҲǲŵҡ
ݹԹǰЦźְ֡
ԭ˲Цŵţӭ
һ¡
ĿϡԼڵ绰ˣҪæҹû뵽ھͻˡǶĲ°
߶ׯߵǵĶ棬ȥǸŮ졣
ߣݹԹԲĵĿϣְ֣Ǹõڽǡ
һ£Ȼô£Ÿְֽһ¡
ͽһ£췢顣
ţıñ䡣̧̫꣬ͷʱɫ˲ֱظոյӣû£ŲùЩ˵žͿʼ⣬ˡ
ݹԹҲ˳˵ģת˼
ܿ죬ͣݹԹԱŻصңϢˡ
ɫѿȥ鷿鷿ϣ˵Ļüͷ塣
û뵽ǸŮ˾ȻôӦþνŮӦҪôŮԶš
뿪ǸѧУǿſĵ飬˵ˡǸŮҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬸뿪
һ£ˢˢļ˼Լ뷨Ҫһһˡ
ֻһεĸУ绰绰ͨѸٴǸܲҲðʦߣʵǲ֪ʲôԭ򡣡
˵꣬Żţ¾ȥ
Уһ˲仺һ
ϼ˵㿴ûɵԱ
Уɵ˵ţ𣿡
ǡ
УһǣţûС
ϼڵϣɵԱҰõҪ档
Уһ˲䶮ˣٵĻţõġ
ϼӦ£㲻˵ʲôˣֱӹҶ˵绰
Уͷŵ绰е㲻֪룬ΪʲôһССʦȥԼרſʦȷʵͨ˼ҵġǽ췢ִԼΪĳ
õص˼ңŲϵİ裬Цⲻ۵ףһˡ
ĸٶǰһεѯʵõõѧУûǮ˰
õһ£Żص裬ż찡ѧʦϲء
ĸһһ㻹˵ôôûϢѵԺҪôªĵطȹһ𣿡
õӣŰĸѵ⡣
ĸҲ˵Щĳĵõõ趼Ϊá룬ֵطȹһ𣿡
õĬ
ʱһԵİ׸ѵŰĸˣõõŻ˵ô˵꣬Űõõõȥɡ
õͷҲ˵ľͻصԼӡ
׸ĸȥ
׸ŭŰĸҪôõõ˵𣿡
ĸҲԸ˭û¡˵ţҲ߻˷䡣
׸̾һ


 23 

峿ݹԹͬʱˡ˵Ҳ֣һСӣϲ
ϴ󣬱¥ˡȴְְֺ趼ûѣֻйܼڡ
룬ûȥǣԼȥˡȻܼǸġ
ݹԹԿֻһӽǣһжһˡ
ɶʱʲôǸ߸ߴģȻҲǺܸߺܴ󣬵ԼȴҲ᳤߳ġ
ڻ԰
һͿܲĳߵС߲
Ҳǰ΢΢ЦŵţôⰡ
ݹԹԿЦŵ档˵꣬Ͷ¿С߲С˵ţð
С߲Ҳк
ڳ͹ܼҵֻС߲һ¡Ϊˣﻹӣ˵ţ㲻ú£С߲ûжġ
ͷ֪С߲ɹˡ
Ĳ£Ц˳
С߲ųĻе㲻ĶݹԹ²۵Թԣ㲻֪Сɲˣ桭
ţһԵĳ
ΪʲôҲûдǰվһԡ
ڣС߲˵ˡ
ݹԹҲڳ»عˡŷӦԼ˼˵ţԲ𡣡
æ֣ûϵܲҪϢһ¡Ļѻ˲ͱС߲ˡСֵ߲˵ţСųһᰡ
ǣԭѾ˵ݹԹԣֲ˼
Ȼе֣û˵ʲô
ʱĹܼңСС㣬үͷѾˡҪҪȥ
ݹԹĻţҪ˵ֶ꣬ųӻ֣Ҫؼˡټ˵ֶ꣬С߲˻֣תıĻؼˡ
˻֣ߺ󣬲ż
ݹԹԻصңͿڿİְֺ衣ǰſϵϣЦ˵ְ֣裬Ϻá
ԭģҲЦŻصҲϺá
Ҳһ˵ţϺá˵һڣŲȥ
͹ϿݹԹԵְҪȥˡҪҪְһ𣿡
ݹԹ룬ʵ᲻Űְ֣
ᡣ
ᣬҪȥ
Цһ£ȥ·ɡְֵ㡣
á˵꣬¥ȥ
ϼߺϵЦ˲ûˡϣԼ˯Ρ
ʱص鷿˯˹ȥ˯ȥ֪ôģСôҲ߲ȥֻͣԭء
ԭͣ󲻾ãһЦ⣬һЩ񶾵Ļ
һӶʲôˡ
Ǻý֡ߴϲľ顣
Ҹ𰡣

ϾЩе֡ЩУȻǵ֡
̲סʵ˵ʲôʳ󣬾˲侪ˡ
ʱصڣϵΣ뵽˵飬Щ˵ľԼ
ôҲˡ


 24 

ţͿݹԹԱЦ⣬㡣
ݹԹǰתһȦĵ˵òã
ЦŻصãǸС
һߵЦЦǰְֵС
ЦŸ͵ǰְֵС
ųȥϼţҲϹĹ˾
ݹԹڳϣķ羰ſţֳˣְ֣Ϊʲôͣ˰
Ͽ˿ţΪ³ˡ
³еİ
ǰСԲԴ͵ǳ̫࣬еңԶ³ˡ
˽ĵͷͷ룬ΪʲôϿأ
⻰һϺǰ˾ЦЦҲЦŵ뷨ܺð
ŰְִЦô˵˵𣿡˵ţԼèʱڵ磬жɳģ·˻ðĿԼ۹⣬Լе㺦¡
Ͽ쿪Ҳûзһ£ŻصڵĿƼܴﵽ顣
عĻȴˣǷɻҲϷΪʲôأӦñȷɻ
Ļе㲻֪ôͣȴҲͻȻȻΪȻ˵ĺܶԡֻ˵ţְҲ֪
ݹԹ˵֪ûϵȴţԼһȥһ¡
ϵҲͬš
ݹԹԵͯͯ£˹˾
ݹԹԿǰĸ¥ã̾ǰְֵĹ˾𣿡
ĵͷ߰ɡ
Цһ£˷ܵ˵尡
ϿĵӣЦЦҲ⣬ˡ
ڣ˾ĹԱͿ˰ѵһһĻһܣϴЦ⣬ﻹ˸СҪǣǰ
ǰ̨ĹԱһĻˡţͳֻٵİһ飬Ͷ΢ȺҲǸô˳Ծ顣
ϾݹԹ˶¥
¥ݹԹԿŵˣĺλ尢̺á
½ʿΪΨһһ֪ݵˣվ˵ССá
һҲվ½ʿţССá
ϿǣһԵŮȵЩСԵģ͵ҵİ칫ҡ˵꣬ͱݹԹԽ칫ˡ
Ѹȥ׼ʳ
˿ʼֻ
ܾȻˣ
ǹªţںüǰͽˡ
ôûпָ
ܲЩҵû뵽ܵŮôˡ
ܵŮƯ
ȥ
˲䣬ȺûˡҲװæĿʼˡ
½ʿķֻ
ҲѾ׼һЩʳѾͽȥˡ
ݹԹԹɵɳϣԼıóԼҵд߳Ŷ
һĩҵдˡ
һһķŻȻϵְֻ֣
ڰ칫û˵ʲôֱӰֻ˹ȥ۾Զ㡣
ЦŻţõġɳϣֻԼҪ顣ãȴʲôҲûС
һİɳϡ
һֱעϿˣ㿪˵ţôˣ
ݹԹŰְʣȻе䣬ЦŻţܡ˵ּ꣬
ϺЦĿ˿Ҳţˡ
ݹԹԿԼĶƲƲ룬ԲԼġ
һ磬ڰжȹˡ
⣬½ʿţȥ˵ϰ壬ССʲô
ϿݹԹԣʵţʲô
˼ݹԹԣʶĻţèɡ˵꣬ͻعֵǡ
Ϻ½ʿ˶Ц⣬ϼʣʲô
һ£Ȼͷصԡ
ϼΪѵӣ½ʿǾҳˣҪ׷
½ʿ󣬵õġͳȥˡ
ݹԹԼְѾˣҲˡߣ濴ȥ·ϵСˣֱȻ˼£̵Ц
ϼЦҲĿʱ̡顣
һ½ʿ˽
ݹԹ಻ôĶӣϣǰζķˣ촽
ϿΪǶĲˣ
ܿ죬˰ںˣϵ԰ɡ
ݹԹԵͷŲôĿӣǰ⡣ݺݵҧһڣĳ
Ͽ̬Цһ£Ҳ
ʮӺͳ꣬ݹԹԴ˸Уְ֣ˡ
ȥ
棬дʵְ֣ôд
ϽţǰְֵϢҡԼЬȥ˯ɡ
á˵Ьȥûһӣ˯˹ȥ
Ͽһ¶ͷתȥ


 25 

ʱ䣬ǰ̨ٴδֻͿǾ仰µһܣֱҲ˵ģǻǲš
۵ģ̲סЦ˳дǾ㲻ţġСܿɰеܡҾӦܵŮ
⻰һ˲ֳһĲܡ
ʱԱȴĴģ缸ǰͽˡ
ţһľˡ
ȻΪߵĵһˣ½ʿϳ⡣˵꣬ǵĻⷽͱˡ
½ʿΪʲôôȺأȻΪ˿ԸõԱǵĶ
ݹԹʱѾˣǱϺѵģΪ˯š
ݹԹԴԺĿϣŸ˯ʱȵɻĺְ֣
ϿѾ˯Сʱˣ˯Ͼ͸˯ˡ
ڴϴ˴˼ȻվһŶ
Ͽ⸱ӣЦһ£Ȼڴߣӡ
ҲԹԵģһܣʲôʲô
ĸñӣָЬǣȥϴһ
ų˹ģûʲô
еۣȥ˯ǲУֻþóֻҪҪƬ
һ£ŻţҪ
ϼ˵Ҫƽݸ˵ţţ뿴ʲôԼѡ
Ļţá˵ͽӹƽ壬ԼҪĶ
ϼһʼ칫ˡ
ݹԹĿ֪Ϊʲô᲻ȤΪѾõĶɡ
һ͸ˣȻԼҪ˽ĶЩ̲סţҪϵͳڶáţֵˡ
Ͽе㽹ţţôˣǲÿ𣿡
ݹԹԼԭ˲ûˣһһЦ˳
ϼЦˣװ߳ŭ˵ţ㾹Ȼƭְ֣ǲ밤ᡣ˵ţͷϻ˻ӣ״Ҫӡ
ݹԹѾˣְԼǸֽϻһҲǰЦ
ϼҲװȥˣҲЦ
˲䣬ûٿڡ
ǿڵţǶƬÿ𣿡
ϵͷÿ
ϼ˵ЦŴȤԼһòã
ĥһ£ԽԽúã㿴ĵͷá
ϼͷе㾪ȣû˵ϸѯʵ׼ʲôƬ
һ£롣
ϼûеһʱ˵ϸ룬ѾͶʡܽΡ
ݹԹ˵һº󣬾Ϳʼɳϣһ
ϼҲͲ
°ʱϿݹԹԣţǸûؼˡ
ݹԹȴһŷӦְ֣֪Ҫʲôˡ
Ͽ˷ܵӣʵ׼ʲô
ͼƤĻţڲ㡣˵꣬һͷ
Ц׼ʲôʱְ߰أ
Цŵһ
ϿֲԾĴЦ⡣
¥ʱݹԹԵûڱţǣϵ֣Լ˳ȥ
ǰ̨һεĿܣϴЦ⡣
˻ؼҵĳڳϣݹԹԿڵְ֣ҾˣһСèĶ˵ţ͵͵Ŀһϡ
ϼôԼȻе֣ûʳţֽʲô
̧ͷĻţͽСŴ硷
˵֣źۼʵΪдģԲŽŴ𣿡
ͷһ£ŻصҲǡ
ϵͷ£˵ţôأ
ݹԹе㲻Ŀ˹ȥǵдˡ
ϵͷд棬ְָˡ
Цһ£ллְ֡
ͷ˵Ŵ磬£ֻϹġ
˵ˡ
Һ󣬾ͿǼҿŵĳֻŵԹߣϡ
ϿͻȻ˵ҪԼѧϰֻԼˡ糣ɳϣôˣ
ֱӻţѧϰ
ϿȻһԵĹܼҵ˵˼䡣
ܼ꣬ת¥ˡ
һһ飬ŵϡ
ָһ飬Щȿü£ҡ
￴Щ飬ֱӦ£õġ
ݹԹԿЩ飬ʵְ֣ΪʲôҪЩ鰡
ΪҪúѧϰ
˿ϵ飬һ¿ˮΪѵ˵ҲҪ𣿡
æţŲÿġ
һÿһ
￴ӣЦһ£Ҿ뿪ˡټš
ݰݣ𡣡ݹԹԻ˵
ﱧ飬תˡ


 26 

ݹԹԿ뿪󣬱ɳϣϵְ֣ΪʲôҪô鰡
ΪҪѧϰٴ仰شš
ʣΪԾͲÿġǻûʳ˺ţԹԡ
һͷһ£ֻһ˺ԼԹԣ뵽ɳŤͷ˵ĺţ˾ˡ
鼸ǰһѰЦŵԹû˾ˣ
Ļţˡ˵̵꣬Ц
ǵЦôҲβˡ
Ͽˡ
鿴ĻţšȻֿʼŪš
ʱ¥²۵¥ϾǾԹˡ
Цݵţ㡣
ȿ̬ȣŲ˶٣żţеģԼҲ֪Լֻˡ
ݹԹԿ飬ʵ˾ȥˣ
ٴչЦգ˾ȥˡ
˵ȥ棬Ϳɰ˵ΪʲôԹأ
ЦԼ˵ȥ涼СǸ
ݹԹԿЦ˳󷽵˵ԭˡ
صл¡˵꣬˶Կһۣ׷Ц˳
ȿԼĵܸܵԼŮոյҲȻɢ
ϿǣҲЦ⡣
һ׼ˡǺܿͳˡ
꣬ݹԹеƣ壬תطϢˡ
ſ飬ôˣڿ𣿡
ȥ۾Żصе㲻ͻˡ
һæţﲻȥҽԺ𣿡
¶Цݣصû£ֻеˮ
һü𵽴ˡ嶼ˡ
ӦţҲûдӦ
ȿҲ˵ˣ˵ģ𣿡
ͷǴӰġ
һǽϾ˯ɡ
á
ȼӦ£ȥ׼ˡҲö׼ΪǰҲʱʱһء
ߺ鿴˿Ųײڴ˵ҽǺˣ
һ£Ӧǡ
˵Ӧǣǿ϶顣ĺһá
û̸£ʵʲôˣ
һ£ŷЦû򡣡˶٣ͷʼ˵
ȥһƫƧĵطֵĹܴ󣬹ģǹŴϵġֵǣĹ˻ﱧһèĵ񡣡
Ͽֱʵʲô𣿡
ڹŴ⣬ŵﶼǱΪ󡣶˵ǵһȵĶҿĹ˲èĹ֣һԼģһèġ
Ϻһڿȣ˵ô£ҲΪ档
鿴һۣؼè֣һݹԹԣһš
һ£֪ôͻȻ뵽磬˵Ǽ¡ϵĿȣʣʲôˣ
ҡҡͷûУΪҾŵ֣е㲻Żġ
ϼ׷ţĹ˭ģ𣿡
ҡҡͷûС
˼һ£ǹĹϢʱ򣬸ҡ
áǸ˵ꡣҲٴδ¥ˣǵȥϢɡ
һȥϢˡ˵꣬·¥ˡ
ȿŻڿϣ䵭˵ҲϿȥϢ˵Ҳûش𣬾ת¥ˡ
ȥ鷿ˡ򿪱չóһӣʼдд
һ޾ȥˡ
Լ۾Ϊһû˯۾еɬˡԼ飬е㲻ţȴۡ
ԼдƲ⣬ǾԼŮè
Ȼе㲻˼飬Ǵ⼸ŵĳԷʱĶʶĶȴ˵ˡ
ǲ²⣬뵽˵ǸĹôҲǼٵġ
ЩҪһ֤
һӣٴΰѱӷŻص˱չ
лҪ˵ǶεһȵĽϹİ

 27 

ϴ¥£ͿѾ˵飬ôô磿
˸УţǱ¡㲻˵ҪҸǹĹ飬ֻȥˡ
һȱʲôҪ
Цһ£ðִһУҾˡ
õԵġ
ͷ˵Եģת뿪ˡ
һƬһ¶ӣȻһԵĹܼңѯʵŻû𣿡
ûС
룬¥ˡݹԹԵţȴûӦֻŽȥˡ
ȥߣͿſһϣ˯ˡﻹһ֧ʣѾϻһ
ϺЦĿѱʺͱͷÿ
һǸ꣬һȻ˵ĸоȴƽ
˴ϣݹԹԣ˵ţţˡ
ݹԹԶ˶ȴûǰԼͷһ¡
ϿЦ⣬ѽһŽҪȥ԰ǼȻ˯Ǿ˰ɡ
⻰һݹԹ̧ͷŸ˯ʱɰҪȥ
΢΢𣬵ȴǿϧ˵ţŻ˯ȥˡ
һŬ۾Ѿˣȥġ
Ͽȵ˵ǣŲҪ˯𣿡
˵Ѿˡ
ҲͲٶˣЦŵԼ·ְ¥µ㡣
á˵ţԼʹӴȥ·ˡ
ת¥ˡ¥£ŹܼҵȥͰɡ
һݹԹԾʹ¥ˣϵְ֣Ѿ׼ˡ
ϿͷЦЦ˵ȳԷ
ӣû˵ܵ˲ǰ
ܿ죬ͳˡ
ϿţְָСӡ
Լͷ˼ǰ
һ׼ǳȥ԰ˡ
ڳϣݹԹԿϣ˵ְ֣Ѿˡ
Ͽе㲻ţʲôˣ
˵ŻصǡŴ硷ְ汿ˡ
һæǸԲ𡣡
ûϵ˰֡
Ͽ˵ſԸְֽһ𣿡
ɵĵͷðȻͿʼˡ
š
׼ңõԼСķӣҪסУҪôĸ˵ȴҪúһˡţȥ˿
ĸڱྐྵӱ߿ŵӡˣֻǿЦݣͼ
õȥԱߣһ£˵裬סУ
ĸĻŴӵתüôͻȻ룿
ѧУеԶÿζҪһ㣬ûгˡ˶ټԣҪסѧУɡʦסѧУշá
һ˵꣬˲䰲ֻʣµֵĸһͻȻ㲻Ϊ˰ңô˵ɣ
õһæţôܣΪ鷳
ĸţϵĹӣֵõõɱˣҺ๩ѧŻڵӡ
õ۵ɫȴ޹˵ţôֻ̫鷳Բġ
ĸֽһŵáסУϢʱӦÿԻɡ
⻰ǴӦˣеƲסţԡ
ĸˣȴû˵ʲô
£ˡ
õɵĲԼСķȥԼӣҪˣ͸еܸˡ
ڴϣ˯˹ȥˡУ˽⵽ԼδһҸļͥͥһԱȻϡ
Цˡ˧òǲȱǮӣ̲סЦݹԹԣѾ֮Ժˡ
žԼѾȷ˾Լδɷڴһ졣
ΪΣǻʵֵġڣǽ
Ů԰һ·ݹԹԣеˡǺİְ֣޿κε˵ְ֣Ҫȥ棬ٽˡ
ϷӦ˳˼˵ǵСҪȥĸ
ݹԹԿ˿Ҫȥľ
ЦһӰ𣬵ඡ
ǿĵЦ
һĽˡ


 28 

һݹԹ糣𴲣ѧУȥ
˽ңݹԹԿųЦŴкϺá
ȴųĿϺá
ЦЦߵλϣд˶
Ҳ˿ͼͷˡ
һͬѧҲ½߽ˡ
ݹԹԺͳŰǸԵĶ˿α
ݹԹԿౣЦ˵Ϻá
ſϣţϺá
ݹԹԿĵʵôˣ
б˹ȥ̾һСѰȻָ񣬻ţû£ͻȻпһ¡˵꣬ţܸ߹ԹԣԼˡ
ݹԹԼһЦŵһΪҳ˵ء
౱Ȼһ£ţôܣҼͷˡ
ݹԹЦŵͷ
һڿΣǰõġֻܺõ˽̨ʼΡ
ݹԹȻܲϲ
һڿκܿ͹ȥˡ
¿κ󣬰õû뿪ǿݹԹԣΪţͬѧʲôģȥʦ˵ת뿪
ݹԹƵĿŰõΪʲôҲûзϣ˦Ժˡ
ȴüŰõ뿪ɻţõΪʲôû뿪ࡣڼǡ
磬ȥˡ
磬õ˽ң׼ȥ͵ݹԹԣڵͬѧкóԵģҪҪ԰
ݹԹԿ⸱̬Ӿˣȴ˵ţˡ˵꣬౳ˡ
뿪һʱ˵ٶȲɻĿౣʵʦôͻȻ
һ£ȻʦǰѩĶ񶾼ĸ׼ء
ɵĿ˹ȥ𣿡
౿϶ĵͷԶ㡣
ԹԵĵͷ
ߣõܿıӰȴ޿κΣֻתذ칫ˡ
˰칫ңõϵķУ˵ֱӽͰȻλϣ顣
ߣУҵһɡ֪ͨȫУʦᡣ
ϣУ˵ţһЩʦҾȥ졣ȻķûѧУ
ʦϢܼ׷׳ԼϾһ¡ԱУѾˡõȻеһԱ
õϢȴûиеܿģػžܾУһ仰òӦ
Ҫȥˡ
УѾź˵飬һص칫Һ󣬾͸ϴ绰ˡ
У˵ģе⣬ʲô£ϵҡ
Уæţõġ绰Ҷˡ
ϼ鴫ϣ󣬲ɵһü
Ǽ꣬ȴֲûʲôõĶֻ÷ˡ
磬ȥѧУݹԹԡ
ѧУſʱû¿Ρڳϰ칫ͣûãõó⣬õѾΪõ̬
ҡ£õӢˣһ£Ȼ˵ð
Ͽ̬΢΢ͷ
õҲ⸱̬ǿϧ˵ڹãҾҪȥˣ̲ܽ˹Թˡ
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õĻ֪ʲôֺţͼС˵ţܸܲһ緽ʽ˵꣬Ѿͳֻ
ϿͻȻ֣ΪΪԼһ롣˭أɫȴ˵ţ˼ҵĺ벻׸ˡ
õ⻰ʶĻţҲˣӡ
Ͽ˵ţС㣬ԡ
õŷӦԼ˵ʲôæ˵ţ˼еԺȻ˵ţȴûеǸҲûǸ⡣
ȴˡ
ʱ¿ˣϲŴӳŰõС㣬ŮóˡǱ˼ǣˡ
֪ûװɵԭأһڲϵؿϡ
üɢ⡣
õȴԶˡ
ûһݹԹԴѧУ˳һ۾ͿϡţͿһԵİõԭЦŵǰϺְ֡
ϱһԵİõС㣬ˡ˵꣬ͱݹԹԣԸ˾ˡ
ڳϣϿݹԹԣȤھ϶Թһůˡ
˵Ųԡ˶ټְոôԱ߰
ҡҡͷصҲǺ˵ţոʶѿڶһ䣬е֡
Ҳ˵Ž顣
ԽüͷԽ꣬Ȼ˵ţûϵ͸뿪ˡ
ͷŶһ˲̸ˡ


 29 

ѧУᣬõžԼЦһ£ҲˣϾѾԼ֮ˡ
ԼΣɵúǼġ
εһγֵʱԼꡣ
ΪȥѧҪǮԼճĵܵܡȻ˳ȥһ԰˯ˡ
˯źԼһΡУʾԼõİ˵İ
ؼʱͷּһװĵˣֻĿȻñŰĸԺӵѧѺķã
ĸȻӦˣֺõĿǸˡ
ѧˡ
ȻԵĴõģģȴܿġ
ڶΣγֵʱΪε¥ˡ
æŵܳ¥¥ºǰˡ
ĵڶΣһ
ΣУԼԹƻġ
ʱѾײʹá
ĴҲ죬εԼΪϵӡ
ΣҲܸмΣӲᷴ߾ܾΪ˵һжܺáҪȥı䡣
žƯԼеˡűɻشϣ˯˹ȥ
ߣŮ˼ңݹԹԿϣĵ˵ţְ֣Ѿһˡ
ϻɵĿ˵ô𣿡
ͷҺܴġ˵ţͷ
ϿɰӣЦһ£˵ſԸְֽһ𣿡
ԡ˵ţͳԼСȻʼʼ
Ҳ
ʱܿ͹ȥˡ
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ϵͷƽ˵ţ𣿡
ݹԹûвϵĲԣͷ룬ǰ
Ļش𣬹һ̧ͷ糣˵ȥͰɡ
ѾеĶӣţá
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һ;ͳˡ
ݹԹеϵĲԣ㿪ʵְ֣ôˣţ
һ£Ȼֵͷ̧ͷһ˲ͼЦŵİְ֣û£ְֻ빤ϵ顣
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˳شһֻܿɰܿɰèһҲ˵š
ϿЦһ£ǰְһȥһ£ʲôèɰòã
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Ȼ£˯˹ȥ
ʱصѧﵽҺ󣬿ų̣ɻ˵̣ΪʲôǸʦڽǰ
̴һ£ûзӦ˵ʲôԱߵĹܼѣ𣬽ţȵ˵𣿡
ǵġ
һһԵĹܼңҪŵ绰
绰ͨУ˽һ¡˽󣬾û˵ˡǰѰõ˼
ϾԽԽţһЩ飬Ҳܻ᲻Ծȥš
ųλʦܿͲˣ㲻õġ
һͷѯˡ˵ţ̣¥ѧϰȥˡ˵꣬¥ȥ
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̸п˵ţǰ
ʱܿ͵˰õ뿪ʱ򡣲뿪ţԼ󣬲öãͿԻһõĻ


 30 

һ
ݹԹԻҵţţҪٵˣҪٵˡ
ϺͳڿЦĿ
ȿڳ˵ţţ㡣
ݹԹ̧ͷ˹ȥ˵ְ֣ôҰȻתôˡ
Цţѧ
ͷǿ߰ɡȻóٵˡ˵ţѾ¥£Ŵȥ
Ͽ˵ţȳ͡
˰֣ţˡ
һ㲻ͬü˵ţȳ͡
˹ȥְæֺõĻţùܼүү׼κţ̣ڳϳԣ㿴òã˵ţգգ۾͡
Ͽӣֻεĵͷðɡ
æܼҡȴֹܼѾ׼ˡЦһ¡ӹͣųߴٵˡ
Цϵټ͸һȥˡ
Цҡҡͷ
ϣݹԹԿų˵ôôҼҰ
һѧ
ɵĿ𣿡
治ɫĵͷϾԼı⡣ݲ⣬ֻ˳ġ
Ҳˣʼһͳˡֽ˲졣
ѧУҲˡ
ݹԹԿһԼûʲôף³
һ³˺Լ֣˹ȥҲЦźţ
˹ǡÿӳֵʵǳ೤ôһ𰡣
ݹԹεĿţҲ˵Ҹ𡭳೤ھӡ
ԼԴЦŻţˡȻļ˵ţȥˣԼ˵ˡҸ˵ȥ˹⣬ǸСһȥġָ֪ʦߣʱʱţҵдĶˡ
ݹԹ²ۣ̲סЦ˳ЦţҲΪԼҲЦ˳
ֿʼ˵Ļ
һʿǡ
˵˰˷׷׸ǴкҲмôѺõˡ
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ڰְֵĹ˾ҲǸ˵ԼһǸء
ͷһ£ɵ˵Сèǣ
ݹԹεĿǰɡ
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ͷڴ˵á
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ЦŻţǡ˵һ㿪ʼϿˡ
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ݹԹԿŽ̨ŵİõһ¡
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ݹԹе㾪ȣû뵽仯ô
¿κݹԹõߣںţʦá
Ȼͼõɻһ£ɵĿʵǣ
ݹԹԼĲʶԼһ£ȻţݹԹԡȴԼ˵ԼݹԹԺǲʶЦ˵ͬѧ𣿡
ݹԹԽһ£Ȼҡͷû¡˵ͻλˡ
õеɻĿԼ̲סţϳԼԭ˰ɡžͿ첽뿪ص칫ˡ칫ңõͷ顣
ԭһǰԭΪһȥˡڣõˣԱ
ɵҧָ˼ԼǲǱˡȻҲԸ뱻ץȥƬҪô찡ؼԼûԭļ䡣
ɵüҧţǿԻ⽹
󣬻һţӦò̽ԼϾԭȥ⣬һ꣬ǶСϤһ룬ƽ
̲סץץͷ²ţһˣôһ͵ءΪʲôأ
һˡʼѧУЦһ£ҳѧļͥԽԽ˷ܣ̲סҲβסĸˡ
ߣݹԹԸе֡ΪʲôõʶԼˡ
ܿ죬磬ݹԹϳߴ˾㣬ҪؼҰְ֡
˾ͷţõģСС㡣Ȼ˵ţ˾ûпٶȡΪҪȫݹԹҲûٴߡ
ԭϽһʱ䣬ݹԹԾͲˣΪðְֺࡣԼڼҼ
һ͵˼ҡ
æӳ˱
үү̣ءүү̴ӹʱϴ绰ˣԲûһǺúõĻš
ݹԹܽ˿ͼǣЦźүү̣һˡ
һϵŴ˵ţŻˡ˵ţͰ
ݹԹԿһ¿ְֲڣ㿪ʵְ̣أ
ǣţûء
еʧһͺˣǵүү̣ʲô
үүţ塣𣿡
Ŀ˹ȥȻţ롣
үүһ˵룬㿪ĵ˵ţүүɡ
ɵĻţá
̿үүһҶӮš
үүæţ㡣
̿˿˵ˡ


 31 

ϵʱܰһĻֻԭȶԼĸףԴԼŮȴŽȻ̬ͬȡŮҲЦ⡣ǲԾߵߡ
̼ˣЦŵˡ
ϳͷ֡衢ţһˡ
ݹԹ̧ͷϣȻܵߣȵӭְֻ
һѰЦŵŸոѧ𣿡
ǡͷţȻſĶߣС˵ţְ֣Ŷ
Цһ£ҲС˵ţǾͲѧ
͵͵ĿһүүȻСУүүϲҡ
Ҳ˹ȥͼүүȻ²ӣСţӦӦͷУǸ¨ӡ
ûпʵ¨ʲô
үүһϵӣϣϣϹ˵ʲôء
һЦ⣬Ȼүү˵ǳ¨ӣ˵ˡ
үү̿ˣһˡ
ǻشݹԹԵ⣬¨Ӿղߣȴϲ¡
׵ĵͷȻɫһ䣬Сְ֣¸˵
Ͽֿ˿һԵ̣¥ˡ
ҡͷЦЦǣʰոյ̡
˾¥ˡ¥ϣʵţʲô°
Ļţõˡ
ϵֽһ£ɿˣʵô֪
еʧĻţҿˣڽǰࡣ
һ£ţ
ְֲӣæ˵ţҷһֵ¡
Ͽʵʲô£
϶Ļţʶҡ
ϲ׵Ŀ˹ȥ
ϸţҵһİˡ֪˭
üô
ҡҡͷƵĻţҲ
ϵͷżѧУùܡ
ɵĻţá
ţϾͱ¥׼ˡ
һߣõҵҡǰҵĵطе㲻ţԭļҡ
û룬ͱ˿ұĺţõˡ
ֻεĵͷȻżȥ˼ſڣȥ󣬾ͿһŮڵӻǰƵ
Ů˻عͷͿȻɿǰץסݺݵظһơ
ηӦͰˡʶŭɹȥҪȴǰŮ˴˳߿ޱ߿˵ûĵģȥһ࣬ϵ
ס˲֪ʲô״
ĸǰο⣬Ȼ޵Խˡ
е㲻ͷǰֻøɰͰ͵˵ˡ
ĸǰſСʼ߶ʧһ꣬﷢顣
õһʼţ˺ͲˣʼӡΪĸ˵ģֻǼȱǮôôףһû˵
ĸ˵ˣ˲۽ǼᣬȻ֣Ǯó
ŻعҲ׹ˣոմԼһƣΪԼԼΪʲôûϵٵԼޣҲֻΪԼܹġ
ԣͿ˳ӵóǮνĴһƣٸ棻һоˡ
õ˭ԼϣҲֵˣûǲ˵ˡȻװĸΪʲôԿް
Ҳȸոհĸ޵ĻҲʵеڿޡĸٿޡ
һھӶţѯôˡ
ĸޣҲһôҲû뵽ԼŮޡʶŭȵ졣
õôԸֻͣһ£žͷ
ĸޣûۣܷ꣬ھӵܰӵֻù˵ţõõȱˣ裬ί𣿡
õЭ⣬ҲС
ĸСˣһȻһԼŴţĵھӣ˵ģֻǼõõڹί޳ͺˡ
ھһæȥοһǼҰõ˶ί
ĸͣɫȴЦŵһģһġˡ
ھת뿪ĸţ͵Ŀ
ӸտʼĺޣڵС
ĸǿ̲͵ĿˡĸһǿɾͱѣֻҪ޵ķˡ
ĸæ˵ţ˺ˣҲ˵ˡ˵꣬һԾš
õҲʼСֻȴţҪôڵ
õʱ򣬲ͣ˲ίĿŰĸſǻ裬ҳǮˡ˵ţƿ·һ¡
ĸŰõϵ˰̣ʶü˵ǮˣƲס˵ʲô
ĸ̬ȣԲ˵Լ㲻ҲҪߡ㿪ĵ˵裬ǵûϵѾˡ˵ţԼ
ĸһ£ţ˭㰡ǮɫȴͷȻǲźۼ˵õõײأûи⳥𣿡
ŭ˵ţûУ˾ˡȴţȻ⳥ˣһء
ĸһҲŭˣõõ㱨ûУˣӦðȫҲ㣬ȻȥΡ
ŰĸôҲû뵽ô񶾰ϼĵ˵ţˣ˵˺ҵǹ⣬ֲǺ졣
ĸɸֵĿ˿õõһǮû𣿡˵ţĶŹκεı顣
Ӧı飬һû͸¶ţûˣһͬ½һǮ˶٣ŴϣĸԸҵǮȻͬ¡
ĸӽһ£ȻΪѵ˵õõҲ㣬ֻܵϵĴѧ̫࣬ԼûǮˡ˵ţ̾һ
õ˵ģźۼĴһЦҲƭƭɵӡϵ·µġ
ĸԼ˵꣬ȴûκηӦĺõõ
ŷӦȻɥǺðɡȻŰĸţҪȥְ
ĸȴûʲôӦǻ˻֣طȥɡ˵꣬ӻǰ
һ£Ϊ֪ԭķġ֪һУǴռϿġ
²ĵطȥԼ²Ӧò׼Ȼĸʵȥܷܵʲô
һҲŵĻţ뿴ڲڡ
ĸֵĿһȻŻţܵܳȥˡ
ͷνȷķ䡣
һ򿪷ţҵķ䣬ˣû˵ʲô˽ȥȥ󣬷ӺСҲܼªֻһŵ˴һӺһӣʲôûС
Ŀһۣóֽ˲ӣȥûһŰߡ
ĸʵõõȥģ
ȥʲôԼְĵطͲˡ˵꣬뿪ˡ
ĸ˵ȥְ͸ˡǣ뿪ˡ
лҪ˵ƽҹ֣
ǳƻ

 32 

õ뿪ֱһǾƵꡣǾƵ꣬ϴ衣ϴ꣬⡣ԭΪԭеԭһ꣬óѧУ︴ƵϣϸĿ
ĿתϡΪȺѧҳһŮӣȫȻġ
ֻҪԼúüƻͿԳΪӡţǾ̲סѾһĻ
ʱϲɵôһС
ݹԹԿְ֣Ǹð𣿡
ҡҡͷЦŻصûС˵ţָһˮ
һԵ̣٩ǲ˵أνһð
εĿ˹ȥţ衣
̿ȥЦЦŵһóʦԤһ¡
ϵͷá
һݹԹԾʹ˸Уǵְ֣ˡ
󣬾Ҫ˵˯ȴû̿죬̴ֻߴ˵ȥ˯ɡ
ݹԹԵͷȻЦ˵үү̣
һڣЦŵţ˵꣬ݹԹҲһף¥˯ȥˡ
үүϼʵĿ̣ݹԹֻ̣ǣе
̺ЦĿû˵ʲôƵĻ˷䡣
Ƕߺϵת¥ȥ鷿ˡ
鷿绰½ʿ˹ȥ
绰û켸룬ͽͨˡ
ֱ˵ȥӰõعˣôҡ
½ʿһ£Ȼţȥ顣
һ֪Ҳֻ֪˵ȥ
õġ½ʿæš
绰ҶϺǰ½ʿĻػ
ߣ½ʿһҶϵ绰˴绰
绰ͨеƲס˵ôµģҰнǣȴʲô
˳һ£ŵǣ
½ʿʱּĻص½ȥ˵ġ
˱ӣȻĻţ½ʲô𣿡
½ʿεĻţҵô
ֲ鿴һŻţһжãλŮʿǰϢ
½ʿһ룺϶ϰϹ˵Ǿֻǲ𡣱˵ô˻عء
ʱĬһŻţܡһֱڽλ
½ʿŶͷϣǸһĴ𰸡˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰
½ʿֻϵĺ룬һݲ˹ȥ绰ͨ˲Բϰ塣
󣬱ʵô£
½ʿѸոյ˹ȥ
ӣ˼ţһŵȥǣǿģǰƬ
½ʿţõġȻһɵ̫ˡ
ֻϲĻţսûˡ˵꣬绰Źˡ
½ʿĿ˿Ҷϵֻ̾һȻ󲦴Ÿոյĵ绰ǰǸŵƬ˵꣬Ͳ˵ģҶ˵绰
绰ͷ˿ŹҶϵĵ绰ߵһ칫ſڣŽȥ
ȥɥϰ壬ˡ
λϣһ꿴˹ȥôˣ
˰Ѹոյ˵һ顣һü˭ڹţ
ֱӻţС
绰
˿λɫæţǡ˵óֻŵ绰ֱ绰ԶҶϣ涼ûн
üͷԾԸٴ򡣡
ûػǼš绰û˽
е޴Ŀꡣ
һȥĻƱȥһ¡·Ѻĳסұ
һ£Żţõġ˵꣬æȥˡ
ߺ̲סһ໰ݺݵһӣȻʹĽʹдˡ


 33 

ϷԸ½ʿ󣬾ͼŸո˵ģõʶ
һ֣Ȼһ꣬õӦòʶţų˳֮⣬Ҳûı仯еѰζˡ
˰죬ҲûףǾȥѧУãϴȥ˯ˡ
峿ݹԹԻǰԼʱ䣬˹ճʰã¥ˡ
һ¥Ϳүүְֺ̡ǶڣЦӯӯİȻȥѧˡ
ʱڵš
ݹԹԿȥصáͻȻ뵽Լְֵ߰飬°ְҪõûз˵ţá
Цһ¡
ʱǶòĴкȻݹԹԣţ
ݹԹԿĵ˵Ұְȥѧ
΢΢һ£Ȼ󿪿ڵҾˡ˵꣬һ䣺㡣תˡ
ϼˣݹԹԵţҲ߰ɡ
ɵĻţá
ϳݹԹԿϵְ֣ΪȥǸ𣿡
Цش𣺡ǵġ
ȴе㵣ģΪϣͻȻ뵽ʱ߾Ǵڿʼġ°ְֻǻᰴԭС̽˵ְ֣Բõ𣿡
Ͽû뵽ô˵㲻Ŀڵţô𣿡
̵İѸոģ
Цһ£ͷᶨ˵ţְֲġ
Űְô˵صĵͷŰְ֡
ϿЦ
ܿ죬ѧУſڣ³ȻݹԹǣѧУȥ
ѧУſڣõѾվֿһϣ׼ãֻõȻˡ
ƯƯվѧУſڣһķ羰һһС߹ʱɫ˼֡
ţֵǰžһСʱĴкͬѧϺð
ݹԹԿǸӣǺϲòĻţʦá
ϿûиоʲôԣԼŮ㲻źۼĹ۲һ£ЩĲͬ
ԭȵİõȻҲҰĵĿԼȴԴģͱ˵ǴѿڶԼδɷ򣻶ڵİõҲţǷĵġ
ֽȻͬȻҲпܣǳȥڹһ꣬Żˡ
뷨Ҳֻһ˲ݹԹԺҲ˵ʦá
õԼʦԼ˭΢΢һ£ΪݹԹԸ˵ЦŵͬѧҰɣҰȥ
ϻû˵ﺰţ
󣬱ܾˡ˵꣬ӣݹԹԵȥɣְ㡣
áЦŻţȻһ£תȥҳˡ
õܾԼΪǶԼݹԹǸոں˵ߣ׹һȻŸ˵ݹԹͬѧС𣿡ûشԼ˵ţÿɰ
˵ţɫȴӣʦˡ˵꣬ͷҲصת뿪ˡ
õ뿪ıӰҲûӰԶȥ󣬲תѧУˡ
ĿһĻౣе֡౿Сãʦǲ뵱С
һԴ˵ౣ˵ʲôأŲȥֽһ°
ȴһҲ£вҲ֪ϴ˭ҵƣܾףҪú룬˭ˡ˵ţʩʩȻĿ
˵ģӽһ£ȻĵҴˡ
౵ͷ
С˵־ӣ˵ţ㲻ѾҪ𣿡
౿ЦŵСã˵ΨСŮҲ𣿡˶٣һܲɣռˡ˵꣬ЦܽѧУ
εĿҲЦ߽ȥˡոյһĻǼ
ܽ˽ңٵݹԹԱߣȻһ
ݹԹԼô
ֿһȻյĶߣС˵ʦǲ뵱裿
һ£صҲ֪
౼˵Ķͷɱôɵҿǰʦ뵱衣εȴûСŴ
ǣΧͬѧ˹ȥ
ݹԹεĿһౣȻǽ͵ء
Ҫû棬ǿݹԹԣǱ죬ֻǱȴ߷ߵġ
ͬѧǿౣֿ˿ݹԹԣ׷׵ͷ֪˻ûšҲûڹעˡ
ݹԹԿౣС˵Ϊʲôô˵
ô˵㲻˵Ǻ𣿡˵꣬˫ֲ嶵б
ݹԹԺЦĿҵǸԲ˵ţҡҡ֡
ֻðѹŵЦԭˡȻĶߣС˵
Ǻĳ￴һĻüͷɵݹԹӣֻðҪǵ뷨
ݹԹ౸ԼģȻе㲻̫ףǲԾĵͷﻹ
һ౾˵ˣȻݹԹԣͰ˵ģְһ㡣ڰʦǰ԰һ¡
ɵĵͷţá
౼Ӧ£Цͷ
⣬ٴβŵ绰һû˽ֻ÷뷨
ȥ˰õԭȵסһ죬ȴĿﶼûп
󣬻һ£ȷϣ˼Ļعˡ֪̲סüͷ
绰ڲȥû켸绰ͨˡ洫еʧ浫ô
˳һ£ǻţȷʵǻعˡ
Ҳûз𣬶ǼǸأ
͵͵Ļţûҵ
ǿѹŭ⣬ɡ˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰
绰ҶϺһȻͣĸˡ
ӵϣȴǹ¶ʲôҲûСЩһ໰ѿڶˡԼͷƽһ飬ҳ½ʿĵ绰˹ȥ
ߣ½ʿҲڽĵĻػΪԸоϰעӡ
绰һ죬æһʶĵ绰һ£ǽˡ󣬾Է˵ŵǸĻ
½ʿܿ׹绰ǶˣȻһһΪǵĵǸѾ˵λŮʿڹˡ
½ʿ뻹Ǿѵ绰ϣǰ˵顣
Ҳ֣


 34 

ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵ݹԹԷѧʱˡݹԹԸͬѧһȥѧУſڣͿԼİְ֣ڸõ˵ŻԼ˿СȻǰȥţְ֡
Ͽһֱͷ飬˲ͱˣЦ˵šְ˻
꣬ſһЩεİõʦŮˣǾˡ˵꣬תسˡ
õҲֻܸЦſ뿪ǳԶʱյĶ˶ţСţǵġȻҲתѧУ
ϣݹԹ죬ϡ
ϿȤ춼Թһͺˡ
һĻţŲԡţһ
ϺЦĿ˹ȥһѰ𣬱Լϣ˭ǵСְȥòã
˵ģ뵽ְԼְ֣̲סЦһ£Ȼæסˣţְˡְ֡
æװԾӿ˵ְһֱܹ԰Сˣ
ȴһףڻţΪְֺܿĵڸõ˵˵ţ˫ֲζȷǾһô͵ӡ
ϱܿģǼҵСʲôʱ¿ء˵ţ뵽ոհõľٶ
ɵĿʵ𣿡
Ͽ϶ĵͷȻСӣǲŰְ𣿡
ҡͷûСشֿ꣬Ȼ뵽Լ˵ģ㿪ڵְ֣Ҫ
ϴһȻŵ˵
Ҳûие˼ֱ˵ţְ֣һҡڰõǰ԰һ¡
һ㶣žͷӦˣȻһЦ˳Цһ˭Ⱑ
һ£Ȼʶİ౹ˣȻƵְô֪ģ
ͷûлشǴӦãҾŵģһȥ㡣
ͷЦŻصá
һ·ģˡ
ҺݹԹԾͰƲ˿ʱȴпڣŲ
ԭһ͵̿üЦˡȴΪǶǣҲЦɩӣ˺á
۾ǿֱӺţſ˵꣬һ¡̺ķ
ݹԹԭҪǰתط䣬ǿ̺Լûгɣǰţүүһˡ˵ţǡվߺ󣬿λˣСʵ̣˭
̿ҲСĻţǡ
һȻе֣ǵͷصõġ˵꣬ǲԾĴһ¶ˡһһ٣ĶôɾСŮϸġ
ȴûп̲ӭǣǼɩӣ㿴Ҹոո飬ô
̲Ļţô
ȴ㿴ŮȻСǴ˵ţ۾ͲԾĿݹԹԣĿ⣬ȻһźǼҵš
ԽԽͷ˵ˣòҪ˵顣
ȴһҲں̬ȣʼõҲܣҼͷӾӣȻ粻֪ˡ
ĿֲԾؿڣҹ˵Żסش
ݹԹе㺦£æ˵ţ̣
үүҲߣţ𻨣Ͻɡ
ʱϲ٣һͿһĻŵϤӣ׹ˡȻţܼңǸϳȥ
ܼҶ˵ֱǰȥˡ
æߵߣ˵ţ裬
һ̲ź󣬾Ϳүү˵ţ˭㺰ֵġ
үүڨڨЦһ£ⲻû´ˡ
ֺݺݵһۣŲ
ʱſݹԹԵ۾ﶼˮæ۵˵ţԣû£ް
ݹԹԿ̣û£ŴĿȻ϶˵ţҡᡭոˡ
˵ģ⣬ȴţѾûˣˣˡ
˺һͣ£Ȼ󲻺˼İͷϵļϡ
ȴЦ⿴
ܿ죬ԷˣϿ̵裬ոʲô°
һеǻţ׼øոǸСŮǼҡ˼
ɻһ£ҲûʲôôͻȻˡ
̰ѿصķ£šļ˵ţУʲôЩ꣬壬ۼҶٴΣδĽڣǡĴûӦˡԽԽˡԽԽԽôߡ
Ҳˡڵǲҹ˾ϰࣿ
Ҳ֪ôˣ
ҡҡͷû¡
үүǿһۣûж˵ʲô
ݹԹԿˣְ֣ոǸŮ˵ɷȹְ𣿡
Ͽǰ˶٣ְѾǱˡ
ݹԹ׵ĵͷȻּ
ݼҴ⣬ǣǸСŮšûһͱıѵˡ


 35 

ҹ鷿ԼõĶԻѾˣʶԼ
ԭǴ󵨵ĽӽԼҰĿıˣҲǴ󵨣ȴôԵİԼĿıֳȻĿûб䣬˱ˡ
һ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ȴ֪᲻ԼҪǵĻӦϱסб
ӣҲûǼ㣬绰ſ½ʿ˹ȥ
绰ͨ½ʿǱֵ߳üͷһ壬ĵط
Ĭ˼룬Żţõģϰ塣˵꣬ĵߵһĽ䡣ҪϿҵĽŲͿףˡ
εǣϲ½ʿԱߡ
Ľ½ʿŴȴĻʲô°ϰ塣
⻰üͷ壬룬˵绰Ǹ绰뷢ҡ
ְһȻŻţõģϰ塣˵꣬㰴˼°ťȻ󿪿ڴ˵ϡϰ壬ܰƤҶ°ˣҴ绰֪֪Ϊ㣬ѾŮѷˡ˵ţɵÿһСּķҲûиĹһֱϡ
ϿδҶϵĵ绰Ŷ½ʿԼ̲סţԼǲǶ̫ˡţ߸ЬΪ½ʿѱ׼Ҷϣȴ½ʿƲͷҡ
ϸţδһϤֻĶţܰƤ
ϤеɻȻŮ˶ֻ𣿡
ûлػŮеʧ䣬һ͹Ҷ˵绰
˭Ȼ磬ռİõ
ưɣõ˿ǰƵˣոպϵ֡룬ֻϵĵ绰Ȼ֮ǰתˡ
ûһ½ʿҵţ½ʿôˣˡ˵꣬ӣֺһƵ꣬סˡ
ŸոհõĻȻеʧ棬ȷǾǰõ
ţõֵطе֡Ȼô˽½ʿǿȷȥֲȫ͵׵ĵط˵õĳֺ쳣һûǮˡ
һ룬㲻ȻţĪˡţԼҡҡͷΪڹϴѧȻ˵Ҳڹ⣬һϸһľ룬õʲô
ȴ֪ǣȽ׵飬û׼ġ
õǮģ
ʱصԭõ뿪ڵİõʱҽԺѵġѺĵһӦǻңΪ˴ܣôܻͻȻҽԺˣкĵ·˰ҽԺҲָ߼
ŷ䣬ûһһ˽󻹴űڡ
˹ȥʶһ΢Ц˿Ц
ԸоˣҲͣЦСѯţǣ
ҲĻţײˡ
һ룬Ȼüʵʲô˼
˺ǲм˵˻֣Ȼһװ۾ǰò˵ţõС㣬ãһзãǶ㱨ҸһЩǮƣ㡣
һʱ򣬾ʹסˣΪаõûԹ⻹û˲׹ʲô´ǣҲϵˣŷڵȥ
䣬žˣһ㲵ġеġİˡסˡþõķ˴
ֱűã˴ߴ٣Ŵţе޿Ķ˵ظһ飬Ҹոû塣
ֿ˿ԱԼϰû˵ʲôظһ顣
õˣȻͬ⣬ǿ뿪ˡ˵꣬˱˵ˡ
ô˵̲סһȻԲúͬ⣬Ҳúͬ⣻ܹʡЩȻүȴѲͷˡæ֧Ʊŵϣ˵һ䣺С㣬⳥ѾˡҲѾˣͰסɡ˵꣬ԭŻӦȴһҲûء
һѾȲת뿪ˡҲûٶ˵ʲôҲæˡ
õڱһ磬ֱϣûиԼΪʲô
ܶĶӣǴӱĴ˿Ϳϵ֧Ʊе㲻Ǻ⣬Ӧûж١ɨһۺ׼ҽЩԵġ
һۣȴסˣȻҲôǮϾġ
˫֧Ʊϸ֧Ʊϵ㣬һ߸Ĵһ¡
ʱűʹˣ⻹ҽͻʿС㣬ôˣǿԽ𣿡
õŻһ£Ȼ֧ƱٵķŽԼĶŶźɡ
ҽͻʿæ˽ŰȻİõһ
õǣ̲סпǮðţ̵ֲЦԼԽ£ôˡ
ҽǰŰõ壬˵СǸ󰡣һˣǱҽ˻˵һʱ򣬿ԸоеĽ
õЩĿţǣǿ
ҽûʲô󰭣ֻҪϢһʱ䣬Ϳˡ
õ˵¶ڡֻ΢΢ͷ
ҽҲ⣬ǿС㣬ʱֻܳһЩʳĺһЩ̼ʳǲܳԵġ
õƽĵͷ֪ˡ
ҽҲ˵ʲôת뿪ˡ
Ҳǰõĵһμ棬һԷһΪԭ򣬲Է˵һκܳļ档
ʱصڣõԼµĵ绰룬Ҳ׼ˣת뿪ˡֱӻصƵ꣬˾Ƶ꣬ûãȼˡ
Һõǣ½ʿֻǵõ绰룬ûֵģȻǸܰƤԼˡ


 36 

峿½ʿͷ۵ԴӴŲϤҲôİĻһ¡ţһ£ȻæջеŵĿͷ
ͷһˣһҧʹƿ˱ӡƿ󣬼һԼˣһ
һֽһ£뵽һֿܣȻԼԼûʲôԣųһ
´ǰһۣԼѣûѣȥϴˡ
䣬žˢˢˢͲԾԺ䡣
ԼĿԣ̲סһ¿ˮȻæΪԽˡ
޿ĿžԼҸطȥΪֻˣ뿴ûֻͨ˭¶ϵ
һţ½ʿ
һ飬˲ˣĵ˵ţϰ壬𣿡
Ļǲɵһ£Ȼʵڼˣ
⣬̲ס²һ£ȻһֱŻţϰ壬ʮʮˡ˵꣬ŷӦæ˵ţϰ壬Բ𡣡
ûĵǸǼʮһ֮ǰ˾ԡ˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰
½ʿһ£Ȼٶȴ·Ҳεİӵ˾Ƶ꣬æŹ˾ȥ
Ŀ£ʮʮ˷ֵʱ򣬵ϣϵİ칫⡣һŽȥˡ
ϿԼĵ¹ڲͷҡվԼǰҲûж˵ʲô֡
½ʿ΢΢һ£Ŀһ룬׼ַŵϡ
䵭Ŀֻ
˼İֻ˳ŵϡ
ϴֻһĵ绰üͷ΢ܰƤ˭
˲佩סˣ˶٣̵Ļţϰ塣
ϿԭܰƤ
ϰ壬Բ𡣡ͷ̲ס룺͸͸ˣ
հһϲſڵµĹûˡ
½ʿʶġһȻӦõģϰ塣
ϰֻݻһȥѣŮʿ𣿡
ҡҡͷţûС
˵ûУȷϣ˾ǰõһֱӻȥĵطҪʱʱļء
һ£ϰ壬Ҫʲô𣿡˼ѵҪҵ£вԼһ룬;Ŀϡ
Ͽ飬еһֻֻϵĺ롣
ʶķôܣ˵꣬æڵõģ֪ˡ˵꣬תȥˡ
Ǽ칫
ѧУõԼǵõ绰룬֪ĸϵģһĿתǸܰƤȴôȷǲǡ
ʱݹԹŽˣţʦҽˡ
ȴֻ˰õ㳯òĵͷʵʦʦأ
õ¶һ΢Цţʦȥˮˣһͻš
룬õģллʦ˵꣬һʣɵˡ
õǾܵĶͷ⣬һʳԲʳһʺȲˮ̶̵ӣݹԹԱ˲ʮ顣
ҲڻˣݹԹԲźۼһȻ󺰵ʦ˵ºҡ
һ£ԼֶŮ֪Ƕ磬еΡֻεԣ㣬ѧϰôѧĻ𣿡
ĻţѧϰãѧĻᡣ˵꣬
ӣе㲻֪˵ЩʲôˣǡʱϿˣͬѧȥϿΰɡ
ȻЩ֣ǵͷá
õҲȥ̿ˣİѼǺֽα·ʱ
ݹԹԿˣʰ׼һ۾ǸܰƤĺ룬ɻһ£Ϊǵǰְֵĺ롣
һɣõѾԶˡ
ҲֻûԼĽңֻһڿһֱ
ܿ죬¿ʱ䣬뻹ֽŰõİ칫ȥ
һֽ뿪ޱĸȥ
ֱֱֻͰõʦİ칫ȥһȻתֻȥˡ
칫õڷֽ׼ʱݹԹȴ˻
һ£Ȼлллͬѧ˵꣬ı飬Ҫʲô֮
ͼЦһ£ıһҲû¶תˡ
õߺ̲סԼͷԼЩʲôֻһʮСŮ
Լϵĺ룬û˵ʲôֻƵıˡ
磬ѧУſڣȿϣϣôͻȻҪҸһŰ
Ͽֿ򴰻棬ɡ
˳Ŀķ򣬿ȥͿһƯŮˣ
Ⱥܿ׹һҲʵ˵ţݴүôܻӭ
ϿҸһģ벻Ҫʧ䣬ͱˡ
ϴ򿪳ţ³ˡСһ䣬Ҳ³ˡ
³һ˲ȵ˲ͱˣԭȵƽһ׵Ĺ󸾡ߵߣ˫ס˵ţϹλǣ
ϱеŵϵıȴͣСȣŵʦ
õһ£Ȼһȵȫݷˣá
ۿĻţá˵ּ꣬϶
õ۵һĻɫܵȴѾʮ˴ڡ
Ҳۣô̲סЦһ¡ȴԽˡҲڲϵĿϡ
õɺֻܵҪҧء
ܿ죬ѧˣݹԹյ˳һ۾ͿԼİְ裬ߵ౵ҿҰְˣҴȥơ
౿˿Ц˵ð˵꣬˾ȥ
󡣼ǵǰԼĳ뿪ˡ
ݹԹԺ౵ǰĵĺţְ裬ˡ
ϿҲЦŻش𣺡԰ְ㣬ģ
ġЦصͷȻһϡ
һԹĵţ𣿡ЦſȥҲǰһڡ
·˿ֵһˣͶȥĽɫ
õһԣ޹ؽҪ·ˡеܲס˵Ҿˡ˵꣬ͺԥת뿪ˡ
ݹԹʱŰְְ֣֣Ѹܡ
˳ӵİ£һ룬ݹԹԾ౵ְ֣ҳ˵
ϿౣЦһ£ãСͬѧ
е㺦µĿǿž⣬ţݹԹ԰ְ֣á˵ͿݹԹԣԹԣҼˣˡ˵꣬ûȻشһ
ݹԹе֣ҡҡͷְ֡裬ǻؼҰɡ
Ϻһǣһֻ֣ȥ
˳ݹԹԿϣʲô˵ְ֣ҽ쿴ʦһֽϣ˺ܶ롣
Ͽʵô𣿡
ͷ˵ţֽϣаְֵĺ롣ְֵĺԱ߱עܰƤ
˽ĵͷ֪ˡȻתŻŵĶѾˣҪҪؼҿ
ݹԹһͷڴĻصҪ
Цͷ
ȿǸŮĽĿ˿ǣ̲סƲƲ죬˵ʲôͷֻ


 37 

ҺݹԹԹɵڵǰŰְְһŹŽȥĿӣԼĶ
ܿ죬ʼˣĵһĻһ߿ƻ÷Ļ棺Ϸɵķɴ·洦ɼĻˣÿ϶˵ȡ
ݹԹĿʱúܿ죬ת۾͵˳ʱ
ݹԹڲǰ˷ܵ˵ְ֣Ǹĸһģһ
ϿЦŵͷǰ
е㾪ȣݹԹԵţոǸ𣿡
үүҲ
ͷĻţҡ
Ǽô˵׷׿޵үүһԲϾͶֻүүһôүүһС˾ô
ݹԹһ£һʱûлش𣬶ǲԾĿְ֡
ϼԼЦЦҪҪҪͲҪûʲôֻſľͺá
ͷһ£Űְִйı飬Ҫ˵ѡ󣬶˶٣е㲻˼ļֻҲ
үүôľӦ£еܸˣЦţûϵְ֡
үүĻεĿһȻĿݹԹԣְֿŹ
һһĻţְˡţ˶ڣһһ˵ˡ
ЦݹԹԣȻľЩףû˵Ϊܰĳ汻Լϡ
ܿ죬ͽˣݹԹԻһС˾ݹԹԱϱţصңֱţ˯ˡ
˯źϲת뿪ȥ鷿
鷿ϴ򿪵ԣ½ʿϵľưɼءǣ½ʿȥĵطǼĲĵطԲܰõǷ½ʿֻϵĺ룬ǿġܿģֻǽĻ档
ӣ顣
һߣõȺеܷŭֲʲôֻ뿪
صƵ󣬾ͲѹԼƢˣͷţϵˤŶԼԺܡˤһŻе۵̯ɳϡ
ȻַԸžƵĹԱһˡ
͵ʱóþƵĹԱæĶһµĵ绰롣װֻϺ󣬾ͺԥĲܰƤĵ绰
绰һͷϿֻʾһʶĵ绰룬׼ӣҪҶϵʱ򣬾뵽Ӧǰõģ㰴˽ͨ
õ绰ͨһϲȴ˵ţ𣿡
һ֪ǰõҲװ֪˵Ҳǡ˵꣬;صŶ˵ķӦ
˵˵һ䣺˼ˡһ䣬͹Ҷ˵绰
ϿűҶϵĵ绰һ
õæػЦһ£Ȼæѵ绰룬ԼֻϣǳƾǡδϹǸţѾùǾˡ
ֻ½ʿȥ룬Ƿֻ
գϴݹԹԣȥүү͵С˾ˡݹԹԿԼǰĵطʵڲүү˵Ĺҡ
קקϵ֣ɵ˵ְ֣𣿡
ϰ𣬵ôˣ
ԹԵĻţְ֣ߴ˰ɡүү˵ǸС˾ҲС
оЦ⣬Ҳ𣬲ҴЦûߴ
ǡһڣ˺ţܣˡ죬˹ȥͼһװͷðźˣ˹
Ͽȥɫ˲Цű䵭ͷ롣
΢΢ȻЦܣҴȥɡ
ûлػǿݹԹԣѰţҪȥ𣿡
ҲûǵһԵ
ݹԹҪͷŸոԼе㺦ߣ˼ȥҡͷҪ
ϼ˵Ҫתˡȥ칫Ұɡ
ţõģܡȻݹԹԣʵܣλǣ
ɫһ£ţŮ
΢΢һܿĺţСá
ݹԹͷЦŻţ壬á
뿴ᣬû.ͯ.񱣬ֻͻȻСҪæϻԼӣǿ˿ǣȰȥ칫ҰɡֻٶȣͲɵüӿˡԭȻ׼ҪȥΪԼУֻ´ˡ
ϺԸое㽹ˣǼû˵Ҳûʣ˰칫ҺȲ뿪ˡ
ݹԹԸеְ֣֣Ǹ𣿡
Ӧǡϻš


 38 

ݹԹԿʼ칫ң֪ǲˣʲô뷨ֻȫþ߶Ǻɫ㲻ǺɫҲǰɫġеѹ֡
ݹԹƲƲ죬ĵ˵ţְ֣Ҳϲװޡ
ϿصϲͻſԼѡ񡣡
һſǰȣЦŵллְ֡
ͷлȻҪ˼ʲô𣿡˶С˵͵͵ȥ
۾һҲСĻţá
ϿɵЦ˳
Űְе㺦ߵĶ˶ţְ֣
æһЦڸȥ߰ɡ˵꣬ǣ֣ȥ
ƵõͻȻѣ飬̲סĵЦ
УһƬڰͣţʵ߲ȥԭءţŮڲͣ˵ţõŮ
Ϻð䰡ǵ͵ĻҹﰡĽ
õΪǵϣûи飬Ҹġ
ϵŮɵһҪʲôϽ߰дɣ
õԽԽϤŷӦ˵ľԼԼӦǴˡӦʱҲѾˡ
´վǰǸˣһʢС
Цһ£Щϸڱصá
ʱת۵һ
ݹԹ׼Լõౣĩ顣
¥£ͿүүǶˣɵĺǣܵߡ
ЦҲϺá
ٺٵЦһ¡ȥܿ͡죬ͳԺˣϵְ֣컹Ҫ𣿡
ϿǸ˵ţУְһи顣
Ҳûʧɵ˵ûϵҸڵһȥѧУ
һô˵æ˵ãǰְɡ
ЩֵĿϵǰְ㲻ǻл𣿡
˵ţƳһûϵ˵꣬͸½ʿ绰
ݹԹȻǸе֣ǼְֿԼܿġ
үүǿ̲סţûϢȫȻˣŸո˵껰Ҳ뿪ھֻܾһѡ
һϾʹݹԹȥѧУ
ѧУſڣݹԹԿĵĿϣְ֣ټ
ͷĿѧУ󣬾æߴ˾㣬˾ȥ
ݹԹԱı߽ѧУ˽ңѾλϵౣæǰֵĺϺá
౿ҲĺţԹԣϺá֮ݹԹԾͿʼźСĶ˵Ż
ʱʱĵͷҲԼĩ
￴СŮڲͣ˵ŻȻܲǣΪǺãñʴ˴ౣݹԹԣһʦˣǸϽ顣
ݹԹЦһµлл೤Ȼ鱾Ŀ
ǺݺݵصһۺҲ飬ֻװģʵڷ
Ͽû˵ʲôļͷ顣
һõŵĲ˽˵ţͬѧǣϺð˵꣬ɵÿݹԹԣŵ⡣ЩɻΪʱ˵ݹԹǸɵӣӽѧһʱҲɵе㲻
ڽ̨ϷЩֲڿݹԹԣüͷ΢һ£ʦ
õŴ˼Žˣæ˵һ¡
һڿΣܿȥˡ
ݹԹЩɥſƲ֡
￴ӣڰõǲˡڸոյǽڿϣֻҪǰõһʾͻẰݹԹԣûشõһ̫̬ȣһʻǻ˺ܷˡ
ҲƢ˵ԹԣǲвȻһֱ㣬Ҳû֡
ݹԹԿҲ֪
౿ӣ۵Ŀ˿ûϵһҸС˵ʦ˵˵
ͷ˵ˡ
Ҳ°׼ؼҸ˵һ¡
ߵնǺܺãм۵ˣֻ򿪿ڵôô˰ѧⶼᣬ涪ˡ
⻰һͱѣֻһĿ౻Ŀڵ򣬲˵ͱ졣
һҲ£˵ţʦǺðӦһЩ
ʱҲˣ򣬱졣
һ£ǼΪݹԹ˵߳ŭĵһȴǱˡ
ܿ죬ʱ䣬ݹԹЩûθڣڳ౵Ȱ˵£ȥʳãֻֻһ㷹
౶ܵģڰõԹˡ
磬ݹԹûɵ˻ؼҵĳһңǴк󣬾ת¥ˡ
ӣүүŵˣ໥˿үү̵Ŀ⿴ȡ
֣Ц˵ҲУŸҵĹϵôá
үүǰĴ¡ţүүóֻĸϴ˹ȥֻԸһ䣺ʲôҲû˵͹Ҷ˵绰
׼ؼҵе£븸׵Ļǿ
ʮӺ󣬵ˡ
һң̾Ͳ˵ôô
Ͽ裬ô𣿡
ȥŰɡһͽˡ
һ£°ɡȻô˵ţŲ¥ݵķ
ıӦѧУʲôˣһͲԡ
һ⻰Ͳˣٶ¥ˡ
ݹԹԵķ⣬ţš
ڣſڴϵţŰְֵĺУ죬ְ֣ôˣǲûпš
ݹԹԵƽ˵ְֽˡ˵꣬ƿš
һȥͿſڴϵţǰڵţôˣ
ϵĻûлش𣬶ǰͷøˡ
ϿӣˡΪһֱǸС̫󣬺ţְ˵һôˣ𣿡
ˣһְ֣ǲǺܱ
ĻµӦ˸˵ЩʲôͷţŲŲأſǰְֵŮô˵ǲҲְҲܱ
һɵ𣬷ţְֲŲְˡ
ϼ˿Ȧûк죬һ˸˵ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷȻתƻҶˡְȥԷɡ˵꣬գŴ۾
ϿӣȻȥ˵ֻ˳Ļ¥ɡ
æͷȻ󴩺ЬӣѾûµ¥ˡ
¥󣬾ͿүүǶʱʱĿԼ֪ԼոǵˣæǰЦŵѽҶˣȥԷɡ
үүǼһ׷˵ţáá
һڷϣ͡
ͽݹԹ¥ҵүүǿϣʵôˣ
ҡҡͷţҲ֪û˵
үүһô˵ݺݵصһۡ
ҲЩΡȻݹԹû˵˽ķʽǾʸڵĳ
лҪ˵2020
µһף쿪ģ
µһףҸ
һ᳣ǵģġ

 39 

ֱӷԸܼȥѳﺰ
һˡ
ϿʵŽѧУǷʲô𣿡
ͷǵġ˶٣û˵뵽ŵĸףżѧУʱ򣬱õˡ
һǰõоŭ⣬˵ôǼŵģţ
ԼҲ𣬱ϾֲǶԼϿεʱһֱţһڿΣ˲ʮΡмûشȻõû˵ʲôŵȴǲмġ
ԽԽеҲѾԾĽ˵꣬ŵˣԻȥˡ
ĵͷתԼˡ
ߺϾóֻǸ׵ȥ绰ͨ˵ţǵôûɡ
绰Ǹӵģһ£Ȼ˵Ѿˡ
һɡ˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰
꿴űҶϵĵ绰ЩǵĴȴֻܲ̾һ˹ȥ
Ͻܵ󣬿һдŵһ֡õ֮ʱȡ仰ټϰõľٶ˵õһˡһ֣ǾΪʲôͻȻǮˡ
˿ְķʱ򣬷ֻһʴô飬֮ȫȻûд
ⲢȫϢü׼ó绰ȥһʱ䣬Ƿֻ绰ȻڿԲ򣬵һ绰ǲòġ
գݹԹǾһ졣췢飬Ѿˡ
ǸĵС̫¥үүһһš
үүǼˣ滺һҲЦŵźá
ܵߣʼߴߴ˵˻˵һ䣺үүֻɡ˵꣬գŴ۾Ŀ
ЩȣΪԼ֮ǰ˵ܾˣôˡţȥ
үүʵôͻȻҪˣ
ͷ˵Լ뷨գ۾
үүӱ֪˵˵Ȼ֪Ҫô𣿡
һͷŵ˵ţ֪
үүŵġŶһ
үү飬Ҳǿʼ֤Լԡ
үүЩȵĿϣʾ⣺̵ģ
Ϻ׾ˣЦҡҡͷ˼ǲԼ
үүģЦһ£Լȥѡô
ݹԹүүĻ֪үүͬˣȥ˵ţүүá
үүҲЦ
ʱܼҲòһţССҪٵˡ
ݹԹһ£Ȼæ𣬽˵Ҫٵˡ
ǿӣЦ
ҲЦվţߣȥ
æק߰ɣְ֡
˳ӵĸȥ
ݹԹԻǳٵˣҲֻٵ˼ӣûʲô󰭡ȴΪΪ飬ô㵣ĵĿС˵Թԣû°ɣ
һ΢ЦȻָָ̨Ѿû˵
˲붮ƲƲ죬û˵ʲô
ĳ￴ݹԹԣǰһһ
ܿ죬һڿνˡ
ûгȥ˵һϢǰõʦһʱ䲻ٽˣԿξʦǿɱҡ
ͬѧʹ˵֪ˡ
ݹԹЩȣȻ뵽ӦǰְģеůҲܿġ
աΪԭ׼ϸ˵һ£ȴȥˣû˵û뵽ôˡ
ǶûʲôԵת뿪ˡ뿪ǰ౺˹ȥǣ̾һŰ칫ȥˡ
ǰݹԹԣţôٵˣ
˼Цһ£ţҸүү˵һСĹͷˡ
Ц⿴
ͷȻȻ˵Լүү飬ЩΪѵ˵ţҲ֪Ҫѡһֻʲô˵ţ;
˵ţѡһҼС߲һƷֵģС߲Ҳµˡ˵꣬͸¶Žŵ
ųĽ飬ϸ˼һ£ûеһʱӦ£˵롣˵꣬
һûɵĻݹԹԿҪôˣûڣһ˾ѧα˽
ֻñ죬¿ʡ
˵̨վλˣĻȴʮ㣬ĿҲȤһЩ˯סͬѧεķ
ܺãΪǶ
һڿΣȤζʮĻ˼ǶΣһҲҶҲܿģںڰдԼ֡л
ͬѧǿ֣Ƕɵóһ£ҲЩϰΪΪүү̱֣󲿷ֶһ͵ġ
ʱת۾͵磬ݹԹʳȥ
ʳãݹԹԻ״򲻶ĵһСɡҽζĳ
౶ЩεĿ²۵Թԣôǳ
ɻĿȥ߳Աʵô𣿡
౼Ҳ˵ˣֻ˰ֵûʲôȻĻ⣬Թԣôٵˣ
˵Ļָ˵һ顣
˽ĵͷȻʵԹԣôèèɰġϲ㣬èҲϲʺϡ˵žЦ
ͷһ£ᶨ˵Ҫ
һ£ʵΪʲô
ֱ׳ĿصΪϲ㣬Բñèҵ㡣
ԭһЦ˳ֱ׳ı飬࣬Ҳôˡ꣬˿ûв˼˵Թԣ̫ɰˡ
౵ĻֻǳЦЦȻͼȥСˡ
ҲûֻǼͷ
һ񿴹ʱƿ֣Ļؿ˹ȥȥȻֻгǸˡ
͹ݹԹűĶӣķһ̾Ϣ
౿̲סҪˣһԻˣֻ÷뷨
ʱصϣƵõԼֻϵϢеܷŭЩ޿κΣΪ˽ˡŭ˹ԼϵŮǡҲֻһѡԼô鶼ᰴԭķչҺпܣĹ켣
Ͼ֪һС˵ŮίܻзתĵžͺáֻھĵȴͬʱԼҲԳţһװѧУȥ
ʱõѾУİ칫ңԼ׼УеȣȹǿϲȻԼ룬ԼŮǡ
ʱУҲڲźۼĿ֮󣬲ŵõʦʲô𣿡
õЩ߰˵ţһ£ΪʲôͻȻյϢ˵űֻ򿪣ŵϡ
У˹ȥԼһһҲ飬һĺһڲˮ±ӣſʼ͡


 40 

õУ꣬һ£ΪôҲû뵽Ȼ
صոգԭУԼϢǴԼְԼⲻԣԲŸҪԼ
΢΢һЦϵıҲе˵УĲ˼һΪҪңԲôģдҪһСƽϡ
У˵ĻǸոֱ飬ӡȴˡȻһʼͲǺܺãڸǲˡ˵꣬ĵͷʦȥæɡ
õ֪ûп˵ǲôעУ䵭ֱӵõġ˵꣬˳ȥ
õĲУ˵Լְλǹ꼶൱ڽ̵ΣǺɵһࡣ
ͻȻЩԡΪͻȻţԼҪӽϡڲڽݹԹԣôܽӽϰ
ԭشһ£ŵţȻְˣǾǰվߵģԲôԼҵǡֺ꣬ļ
磬ݹԹԼõûٻǣһúܺ
ȻõûٽǣУˡ
ųѧУſڣһӡõ˹ó
ϺܲͷǴ򿪳˵𣿰ʦ
õڵ̬һҲ⣬Ϊ綼Լ֮˵ţҲٽݹԹͬѧˡ
䵭Ŀ֪ˡ˵Ҫѳ
õæֹ˵һл˵ء˵һʱ򣬻͸¶Եί
Щʦʲô𣿡
΢΢һЦߵĻţ㺰õõУúôĳƺ
žȵôôôߡ
ʱݹԹܳˡһ۾Ϳְֵĳ˰õƲƲ죬Ǳȥ
ҲЦ³ˡ
ڰõǱݹԹԵģΪϲ˲ոյЦ³ʱ񣬶ǶԼҲˮĿСĺţݸ硣
ϺššһȽϴ̶ġְ֡Űӻ˳ӲһӣȻµתܹݹԹԣ⡣
ݹԹԱϱõѯʵʦô⣿
õ˵ڸְ˵ء
ݹԹԿ˿ֿ˿ϣֻŶһ֪˻ûš
ֻҲûվ˵ţţǻؼҰɡ
ɵĵͷõġ˵꣬˾ˡ
ϣݹԹԿȫȻߵ·ʵְ֣ȥİ
ϿЦŻصŲһֻ𣿡
ǰЩɻȻæӦ˵ְҪȥ𣿡
ϴЦͷ
ְֵͷǰ˲˵ְֿáһʵְ֣õ𣿡
Ͽͷǵġ
һǵĺͲɵ˵ţۣ̫ˡ
ͷ
ܿ죬ǵ˳ꡣ
ݹԹԴӳǰĵ̣ɻ˵ְ֣ģҲûжĽ
ϱţΪǸİȻôදһУŵ·ˡ
׵ĵͷȻ˵ţ˾˽ȥ
ȥ󣬾ͿһһӣһЩСװĶǹèһЩĶ
ݹԹԿŶǣ⣬ϵְ֣Ҫ
ϼô˷ܣһֵҰһȾܡ
ҲżΪ꣬ΪҪԾֱӰˣҲİȫƵĸϺ󣬾ͿŮǰðĿСﻹֹס˵ţɰɰ
Цһ£ԼŮɰڳĶﶼȲ
ݹԹҲǹ⿴ǶɰĻǿϵͳò˵ţְ֣ҾҪ
һ£û뵽ô;ˣţҪҪٿ
ԱҲţС㣬ֻֻ԰ȮԿĹ˵⼸ֻޣ̩ϡԱĽܻûͼݹԹԼᶨ˵ţҾҪֻ
ϼѾˣǾͱǸɡ˵űһſȥ
ԱȻݹԹ˵ЩʲôǼŮѾˣֻܱˡ
ϿݹԹԣţҪúøΡ
صĵͷһġ
˾ͱһֱ԰Ȯؼˡ


 41 

Һүү̼Ÿ԰Ȯ㿴ϣʵǲѡ
εĺ衣
̼˿ûоʲôãݹԹԻɵţţѡ𣿡
ͷţǰ
һ˵ǵүү̵ıˣ޵ŵ۹Ǻá۾ģžϲ
ĵͷҲ롣
̿ӣЦ˳˵ţ׼ʲôְ
ͷһ£ͽСðɡ
֣һ£ţĸ𣿡
϶ĵͷǵİ
СĸЦŵСֺ
ͷȻŻСԺͽСˡ
Сүүǿ˾һݹԹԵУ˵ţҽСãллˡ
ݹԹЦͷǼݹԹôģҲе⡣
ҹСñݹԹԵķһһסһ
ҹõˣֻΣȴһЩ˵²²
˵
ΪʲôΪʲôΪʲôݹԹôõļͥ˵ĳҲҲ
ԭԭֻǿеĶŮ䣬ݹԹĵŮһУҺģҪ𣡡
ˣҾȻСʱˣ۰һŹݹԹŮ˵ġ
ţõ;˹Ÿո˵ĻЩɻ󣬲ԼΪʲôǸ˵
룬벻ͨ㲻׼ˣ£˯ֻǰ¼
һߣһ䷿һŮͷ󺹵
ΧĻԼСʱļҡɵЦԽЦԽֱ۽ᣬͣٴƽС˵ţݹԹԣҲŹġ֮ǿԼ۾˯˹ȥ
峿ݹԹԱСõĽˡ
ڽеСãСʲô
Q˵ˣˡ
ЩεĿ˺ˣˡ˵꣬ûڴ϶ֱһ·¥ˡ
¥󣬾ͷְְǶûѣ󿴿ҿǣСóȥˡ
ܼҲ󣬱
ȥһʱ䣬ͿҲǼҵС߲ܲ
￴ǣͣ˵ţţôô簡
ݹԹȴųСãСðҺѵģ
Сãɻһ£ȻͷӦŵϵ԰ȮѡĹ𣿡
Цŵͷţǵġ
￴һۣǸС߲һƷ֣еʧ䣬˵ţܿɰ
˵ĻţҲáĻ䣬С߲Ͳ˵˵ţҲǺܿɰ
СҲ˵ţҲſɰ
ֻҪʱݹԹ˵һ䣺ˡֻŤͷ˭Ҳ˭
ﵱȻ֪֮䷢飬ǿݹԹԵţҪһܲ𣿡
ҡͷҪ˶٣ܰɣҪؼˡ˵꣬ͻ˻֡
ЦĿټ
Ҳţټ
ݹԹԻص˼ңͿϣүүǶˡ
ǣСã˹ȥһһʼǡҲܿġ
Ͽţôôˣ
εָָСãұСøѵġ
Ͽ˹ȥȤСڣԺžͲˡ
ô˵˶źְ֡
ϼЩæţ˺ˣְֲ˵ˡȥͰɡ
ĵͷǵ߰ɣȥԷ
үү̺ЦĿǣһȥˡ
͹ݹԹԿϵְ֣Ҫȥ˾⻰һ˵ڣǱһЦˣЦĺܿġ
ݹԹЩεĿǣʲôЦİ
ϴЦ˵Ҫͣ˾ͣ
ԼȥС
ȴЩģȥɡ
˰ֻţáְֲǻҪ
ϺЦĿǲˣ
ûɻļ˵ţְϰ𣿡
Ͽ˿˼½ʿֱ׳Ļţϰ
ְ˵ϣǾ͵ͷǰְָһȥɡ
Цŵõġ
ȴЩ⣬ݹԹԵţڼҴŲ𣿡
ȥһĻţеģ̣ΪһҪȥҵİ칫װ޺ûС
̿ӣЦŵǺðɣ𣿡
⵹ǿ϶Ļţԡ˵꣬Ůͳų˾ȥˡ
˾ݹԹԿѾİ칫ңе⡣
һΣͬǵǸ룬ΰ칫ҵĸߡ
ݹԹԺ⣬Լĵ뷨ʵ֡˿ϺݹԹԣ֪ԼӦø˭˵
Ϻ񿴳ΪѣŮ˾ϰ塣
һ˲׹ˣݹԹԵС㣬¸һ¡
ݹԹһ£ȻʶĿϡǹɫЩŵĿ룬ʲô£


 42 

뿴ֱ˵˳
ݹԹЩȡȴȤ˵ţùǿ
ԭϴοݹԹԺͻȻУһܿɰ
ô˵Цŵõġ˵תȥһűʼǱˡ
ԽǸŮչʾĽô
ݹԹԿűʼǱϵ̲ס˵ÿɰ
һæҵ֪Ŀ޵ǰɣǰɣŮܿɰ
ԭҲúܿɰ˵Ů󣬱Ŀв˵Ů𣿡
ʶ˵ȻŮвֻð·ת˸䣬Ȼǡ˵ŵϵĿɰˣԲҵĹŮҲԸ㣬ǵз̫ǿ󰡣
ϼĿڣĵͷȻʵ׼ʲô
ЩĻţԭҪΪŮ
أ
ʵģţ֪
ݹԹЩɻĿʣΪʲô᲻֪
뿴ָ˵ȻΪܿͲˡ
ݹԹЩȴ֪˵ʲôĿտʼôھô
һһ£Ȼܣ㲻𣿡
Ϸţ
Ļţ˼ĿԲܣˡ
ϰ˰֣ȥ°ɡ
õġ˵꣬ʹ飬˳ȥ
߳ȥҡҡͷ
ݹԹǿϣְ֣Ǹûؼˡ
ŤͷڵôˣŲ𣿡
ǰҡҡͷ˵ˣȥ
ϼӣЦЦǻؼҡ
ͷЦ˵ţؼҡ
ʱݼ
үүŶ飬ЦŵСӣôˣ𣿡
Цһ£壬ǲܣֻڹ
үү˰֣ɱ˵Ӧø׼ң׼ҳ⣬˵಻¶಻¡
ε̾һֻ˵ɱﵣ壬ҪҪ塣
⻰һүүһЩѵĻ˶ӣæ˵ţɣɡ
鿴Цһ£ɡ
ڵ塣
ת۵緹ʱ䡣ˡүүļ򣬸˵˵ˣڶ
ϹĻţ֪ˡȴһ
ҲѾڿǰļӵˡ
ݹԹԼ˾ڣ˵ǰĺţ˾ˡ
鿴ҲЦһѰ𣬵һ£ԹԳˡ
ž˾ô˵ҲûвˣٺٵЦһ¡
Ͽʵôˣ
ôʣ״Ҳĵ˵һ궼ûһҪ˵𣿡
ϿֵӣҲ֪һûˡ
ô˵ָȻ̾һҲⲻµ𡣡
ô˵ʵʲô£
Ҫش𣬾̴ߴţԷ˵ţ 극˵ɡ˵ţ㱧ݹԹȥ˲Ҳ
ܿ죬緹ͳˣϸȥ鷿
ݹԹṆ̀һ˵棬ʵҲǣڲźۼĽ
ʱúܿ죬һȥˡ
ݹԹԸĺܿģľٶҲڲԾ˵ĸı䡣
Ǹ˵껰󣬾뿪ˡ
ҹݹԹſڴϣѾСãЦһ¡ȥôҲ˯šһΪǴµС¡
ʱ鷿ϻŽ˵Ļ
ʱص磬鿴ϣŵ˵˲ĻһұǸĹ֮С
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Цû¡˵ţ˳⣬תһȦ
ϼû£һȻĵô£˵һ¡
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һһôã
æţҺǸĹŵףһСţǿèֶͨĵطǵĳԺȾͲõˡһꡣ
󣬲һȻüһꣿ
˰֣ţҲһꡣֻǽһꡣ
ϵͷȤҲûݰ
ҲЦŻţǣҵġ
Цһһ꣬ʲôҲûɣĴˡȻҳߣ˵治֡
ϲĵͷ𣿡
ûУͷЩߡһЩӦеƷ٣ֻèߡ˶٣̾뿴ֻèʲôһֻèܸ槼һġ˵ţɵЦ
ϿˣȻû£ͻؼҶ裬Ժûôˡ
Ļ̾һҾȻȥˡ
ȥɡ˵ַԸһ䣺ͱ߰ˡ
Цŵͷ֪˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
Ͽαϣ顣
ߣݹԹѾ͵͵ĴԼ׼¥ǻûСþѾòԣһ
ֻܿٵĻط䣬ѾѵСãС
СÿҪȥģ
Ը¥ȥóԵģ㲻ҪС
ܿӦֻּһõġţҲҪԹͷ
ݹԹԵ˵á˵꣬ŵ¥ˡĴƻûʵУΪϷˣֻûط䣬Ϣˡ


 43 

գݹԹˣһȻŵ»˯СãĵЦһ¡ϴ꣬ת¥ˡ
¥󣬾ͼүүѾˡЦŸǴкȻȥߣʽķװɻүүô
үүԴΪһҪȥμᣬүү̴ţ԰һ£ʵô˧˧
ܸӵĵͷүү˧̺Ư˵꣬Щɻʵμ᣿ҲҪȥ𣿡
үү϶ĵͷȻҪǿݼҵС
ЩߣʵְҲȥ𣿡
үүЦŻţְҲȥ
ְҲȥЦһ£Ǻ˵үү˭İ
үүʺϵЦԻһ£ȻŻţүүһѡ
үүЩôãҲˣʼ˵ģ˿Χүүְأ
үү˵ܻûء
ݹԹְû𣬱һ£Ȼүүүүȥְ֡˵ţ˸߲ҵҪ¥ߡûߵ¥ݿڣͼ
΢΢ʧһ£ȻֺܿЦݣ˵ְ֣Ϻã
ϿЦŻصҲϺá˵ţܿߵǰ
үүһ˯̲סߵûǼ磬
εĿ˹ȥûԼϸףǿݹԹʵŽ컹ǱСúѵ𣿡
һͷǣԼѵġ
ϼæ޵
ӣȻ˵ְ֣Ҫȥμ
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һ£ȻżʵôͻȻ뿪ˡ
ҲǺ˵ţֲһ䣺йء
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æ㿪޿κε˵֣Żأܸҵ˵꣬㿴ݹԹԣȴ͵͵ЦЦͷţЦְ֡
ݹԹæֹסЦֵЦˣЦˡ
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үүҲһ˵ı顣
ǵĻû˵ʲôǵͷݹԹԵţȥԷ
˿ǣɵõġ˵꣬תȥ˲
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үүĻĬΪ֪ԼĶӲ⿪ЦǾ˵˵ľġ
һүүĿڵȥˡȥˡ˵ţ׼ϵ·ˡ
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һ£룺ȻܸΪŲ֪ġѵҳʱһ峤úˣҲңҾ͵һ˶٣͵ˡ
ĽͣٴγĬһٴοڵ˵˱Сꣿ
϶ĵͷصǡ
ְӺ̲ų̾һЩƣ˵ȥɣȥô¡
ЩĵĿţ衭
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̾һȻ͵վ𣬵ȥԷɣŶѾڲˡ˵꣬Ųȥ
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ݹԹԿүү϶Щÿ߽æӣǹĵѯʵүүû°ɣ
үүһ뿴͸¶ŵĵɫůȻЦû£ֻǸոһõϢ
ݹԹƶǶĵͷȻһǣһߵ˲ǰ鲻ãҪԺóԵġ꣬ͻˡ
үү̿ɰӣЦ
һ˳ͺ
ݹԹԿѯʵ̣Ҫ·𣿡
̿ϵ˵˵ţŵĵһβμᣬôҲôƯƯȻϣȥʦҹЩʺŵƯ·
ϿѾЩָ̣һЦŻţõġ˵꣬ͰŹܼȥˡ
ܿ죬һҶʽķװ׼ǰҼҡ
ڣҡ￴ڴԼ̣޿κε˵̣Ҳȥɲ԰
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ֻ̾һɳˡ
̼⸱ӣЦ⣬˵ˣȥͲȥˡ˵һּҸݼһȥɡ
׼·ֵĶͣˣȻʵݼңһ˶ȥ𣿡
ԵЦ⣬ţǡ˶٣ּӦҲȥ
ﵱҲȥʱԭ׼·֣˲˴ϣȻ̣ԼȥЩʣҸһȥɡ˵꣬ԹԵ
ôҲﲻסֱЦ˳
￴͸¶һ˿ȣΣΪ׾Ͳǹġ
Цһ㲻Цˣһ˧
ȥ˵̣治Ҫ𡣡
Цŵáá


 44 

Ҽң¥
վھǰԼ̲סЦ
һǰԼĸ׵ĶӣȻ˵ҸȴʵļҡڣԼֻһ˽ӣһԲܴ˽ӡ
ϸ۲žԼֻһӵĸףú
ԼҲֻΪӡҲʽĶ·ѪԵϵĸ״ûԼԸԸ⣬ͱǿƵĴ
ֲЦ˳ԽԽÿЦףѪԵϵĸףΪʲôôƶԼ˳ǰǻӵһжߡ
ҪҪ˵ǾҪûˡ
ʱ⴫ܼүү㡣
žԼɫ䣬ȴŹ˵֪ˣȥ
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߳ȥ󣬿Źܼң͵˵ȥɡ
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үүô˵֪ͬԼã㿴Ҵллүү
Ҵ˰֣˵˵꣬㿴һֱûиԼɫ̣Ҳû˵ô
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໥ʶǿ̫ڴ󷽣Ϊ˭ҵǧⲻʶǮ˼ҵү
ЩүҲǿûЩСǮ׼ԡ˵ôԸҲûоֻܾôϲµĵš
ǣ˽ԲμĻᡣһʼүҲԹԵȥ˿ҲΪһֱװĺܺãԲ˿ġҲֻܻվڽȥȺ֮С
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 45 

Ǳ, ʶͣͣ, ־úû, ߳ŭŤͷ˭, Ǽ˿ˣͨͨһ¡Ҳ˲ɱ꣬˵λ, ǣ
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ϣĴĿţѰĿ꣬ĿǾǳ
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ܿ죬ͽˡȥϢˡ
գݹԹԴ׼·ĳѧУǰȥѧУټĲ߽ѧУ
˽ң￴󣬱ǰѯʵţôûؼҰ
ЩɻĿǻţȥѼˡ
һ
ͷصλϡ
û뵽һλϣһӣߵǰЦӯӯ˵ͬѧһЩ㣬ӼøԵġ
ݹԹƵĿΪʲôҪҴ㰡
ӽһ£û뵽ôʣܿͻع񣬵Ϊ㽻ѣԡĻȻû˵һ˶ˡ
ݹԹԲһˣֻ˳δ˵Ļʵʲô
ٴνһ£û뵽ôϣ̲סɫЦӯӯģ׼˵Ļ
˵ţҪֺ㣬Сࡣ
౵Ľ̲ͣס˵С࣬ȫҶǡ
ݹԹ˵꣬Ŀ򣬵ͬѧġҲա˵ˡ
˲ˣԭء
౿˵վʲô𣿡
Ļݺݵصһۣת뿪λϺţͲԼ㲻Сѧ㿪ʼſԽӽǵİ취һȥˣʲôҲû뵽ʦһ١
磬õվУſ⣬ϣʧˡֻȻݼҵĳģȴϣ̡
ˣת뿪뵽ϵĸףˢЩڸСһԼ·˹ȥߵǰ΢ЦãݹԹͬѧ𣿡
̿źۼĴһ£Ȼŵͷãǣ
Цһ£ݹԹͬѧʦ
˵ʦȻ˵ģȴӾΪȷԼûмΪʲôʶԼ˷ѽˡһǰкȴǺƵӿ


 46 

õ, ΪԼ, ӿĵ˵ݹԹͬѧܹԵ, ̵ĺá˵һʱ, ĶԵγ
һӾע⵽ˣҲ׹ΪʲôôˡҲû˵ʲôΪλС㣬ֻζѡ˼ҵǺܲѺõġ
, ԼĵĻһ¿ˡݹԹԳѧУſڡ
۾һţ
ݹԹԿ˹ȥ̣æǰ˵̣ôңడ˵꣬ſһԵİõǿһЦݣòĺţʦá
̸˵ͷ, ֲԼģһҲࡣ
õǣЦŵǰ, Ҿˡ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ϳݹԹſ̵ϣ, Ҷˡ
̿ĵĻţҲˡ
ô˵쿪ĵЦЦһ̣ôʦˣ
һЦݣ˵ţûиģֻϲֻˡ
ƶǶĵͷ
֣ıӣΪ˵꣬˶Ц
˼ңݹԹԿүүȣѾڼҵϣ˵ĺţһˡ
үүĿӭǸһҲЦ⿴ǿ˵ݹԹԣѼסô
һ£ŻţܺáֻûǣЩϰߡ
Ļֹסá
Щ˼ˡ
ʱ䣬һڲϣ˶ʱʱĸݹԹԼŲˡ
ݹԹԿǣ̲ס˵ѽҪΪֶˡ
⻰һ˶
ҹգϵĽȻͬ
ųţݹԹͻȻ뵽һ£㿴̣̣ĩͬѧ棬𣿡˵ţգ۾
æͬȻԡش󣬼˵ţ̻׼óԵġ
һЦˡ
үүȴͬʱһ
ݹԹ˲˹˵үүͰְҲˣҲá˵ţԼЦ
һ˵;Ľˡ
ݹԹԲͣգ۾ŹУΪˡ
ԭļˣæߴţţȥ˯ɡȻˡ
ͷá˵ţ۾̵¥˯ˡ
̿ϣʵϣǲʶһаõˣ
һ£ȻŻţʶ졣
̬̿ȣЩԣ˵ﲻԣֻüԼ˵ԺԶһ㡣
ˬӦ£á
̱øҭסˣ첻֪˵ʲô
Ҳһĵĵš
һ̲ϵ۫飬ʵϵ۫Сӣϵ𣿡
ڻţϵˡ˶٣ûʣֱӰ̸۫ȫ˵˳
ʶסĿڣǡ
үүæıԱЩ
̻һúˡӣָоĻţ˵۫Сӣ£˵ҾҪ淼úýѵһһ˵ţҴǰãڶˣ
үүı˳Ļǣ˵Ķԣ
̬ܵȣǲһƿ֣ǲҲҴ
үүεĿľԼʲôʱֻҪͷͺãæš
һԵϣѾˡҲһֲֵӡ
̵ܿͱˣҲԼЩȡ֣Լĺ⣬˼˵
Ҳɫվ˵֡裬ȥϢˡ˵꣬ת¥ˡ
¥̻˿ſүүǸ
ҼҶ¥ŵϣõĿֻǸͨͥŮķŵһԡ
ֿļˣʲôҵǰӶ˵ǼŪƲ
Ӷɫ糣Ļţǣү˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
Ӷ뿪ٴõϣϸĿѾһͶͱļƻ
Ƶ꣬õԼʣ޼ǮԼͷţͳֻѧУʵӡûʣ죬һ
˵ڴϣ߷ߵ룺ûмԼôҵŮҺõǣϵ轻̸áܿѾ˺õӡ
һ룬ЩӰ첻ĺˡ۾˯˹ȥ
˯ȥȴˡ
УǰʢĻ񣬺ĽãûпɺЩ֡
ʱɺ볡ˡ
ǸǺȻԼɣ֪ôģôҲ
ʶ߹ȥҪûߵͱסˡ
ǸɵԽҪ֪˭׼ԱߵĿѯʡûڣȴֻѾûˣֻʣһƬ
Ҳ˲䱻ˡ͵𣬲˲ͷϵĺ˼˭һ룬ԼԴЦõǲɵˣǻ˭ȻˡţԽڴһĵǺĳ꣬Ȼˡ
ţ¼˯ˡֻһҹΡ
ͬһʱ䣬ҼҲͬΣֻġ
Żֳϣɺ۵ЦݣҲԾ¶Цݡ
ܿ죬ʧˡõεһҲ
ҲоѣŸո飬ǲɵԭ˼ҹΰԭţǾԼδӵģѾˡ
õһҲĳҲ˯ˡͬЦ⡣


 47 


ݹԹĵѧУ, ĵĿ౵, ͬˡĩҼ棡
Ҳĵĵͷ, ǻĳںѵ, ҡ
ݹԹŤͷû㵽ʱֱǼҾУ̺ϲġ
ЦЦ, û˵ʲô
౳ɵƲƲȻ󿪿ڵԹԣĶˣ
һʣݹԹԵעӳתص౵ϡ˿ʼ
ҲϾѾϰˡͷѧϰֻҪͬѧĻͿԿ￴αȫȻ޹ء
ѧУһ򣬰õµڰ칫ȴûгȥҹ䣬ʵţΪûǮˣûάֶ, ˸Ϣˡ
ֻϵϢ΢΢һȻȻ뷨ûеش, ǹһŻţڹҪһ
ϢϢ, ΢΢𣬻ţãҵ㡣
õϢЦһ£Ҳˡʼžױĵ
磬ܿ͵ˡ
õûȸϢ׼һк󣬲æ𣿡
ϢһžͱˣͬʱС㡣
õֹסֱǿѹȥˡ˵ţڡ˵꣬ſڣš
һ£ôⰡ
Цһ£ΪԷ
ˣǾ鷳ˡ
Ц˵鷳˵꣬˶ЦⲢ뿪ѧУ
һĻݹԹԿˡ
ݹԹԾȵĿŲߵİõ˺гգһ˲ĺ£ܿԼаְ֣㲻ˡ磬һֱڻ֮С
ߣŰõȥһҲʿİõӣ¡õ˳£ȴл
˾ʱʱ˵һ䡣պ졣
ʱܿͽˡûж˵ʲôͰѰõ˻ȥõҲûж˵ʲô߽ѧУ
һŵȴЩǸıģһڱصõı顣
ܿ죬˷ѧʱݹԹԺҵʰһ£ѧУſȥ
ﵣĵĿҲ˵ֻܸ档
ݹԹߵѧУſڣֿõڸ˵ǰƲסĵһ۰õȻίĶϵְ֣ǻؼҰɡ
Ͽı飬ֿ˿һԵİõ΢΢ͷ㱧ݹԹϳˡ
õ뿪ϵЦҲŸոݹԹԶԼüͷԭشһת뿪ˡ
ϣϵĵĿݹԹԣʵţôˣ
ݹԹԿţְ֣ҿͰõһˡ
ȵĿһ𣿡û뵽ͰõھѾΪˡ
ݹԹͷǵأһš
˵󣬾֪ԼˡԼġһ𡱣ġһ𡱵˼ǲһġеЦǿı飬ͱЦ˵ѧУɡ
𣿡Щ˽š
ϼᶨĵͷ
ְô˵һ²۵Ҳ֪ʲôѧУġ֮󣬾Ͳ˵ʲôˡ㰲
ȴͰõô͵һ׼ؼ˲ˡ


 48 

ת, ĩ
ݹԹڼҵ౵ĵѾشӸ, ڸүү塣
û, ౲űĹùҲ, ˹
౿ſڵԼݹԹԣ߾ҡҡ˵ĺţԹԣ
ݹԹҲѾ, ҲͬһĶ
˺ܿߵһ˿ʼߴߴ˵Ż
ݹԹԿһԵʦҲҼɡ
˰֣Цˣһʦ£Ͳˡ
Ļ䣬౾С˵ţҹùҪȥףûա˵ЦȻõСҲ
ֻһ, Ȼǽȥɡˡ
ݹԹЦŵͷȻ˵ףʦ˳˵꣬౽ȥˡ
Щεԭ, ǽȥ󣬲뿪
ݹԹԺ˽ȥ
౿ſѾڵĳ̲סƲƲ죬Ȼ󷽷ĺүү, ̺ãౡ
̳ȥ˵Сá
౵˵ͷݹԹ̣Ҵȥҷˡ
˵ţȥɣһùܼҸ˵ˮ
Цſڣá˵꣬¥ˡ
Ҳȥǰ²Լүүֻ÷뷨
ݹԹȥԼķ䡣
౿ķ䣬̲סԹԣķô󰡡Һ÷ۡ˵ţ㿴
ݹԹԿǺ׵˵ҾûС
ĻȵĿԹԣ𣿡
ôˣһɻĻؿȥ䲻Ӧһ𣿡
౿ı飬ЩЦãԹԣΪ˶סַ𣿡
ķţѵ𣿡
ߵǰͷתƻҿĶɡ
Щɵ˵áΪûΪʲôô˵˳˵ģóְĶһۿ
ĿȻݹԹԼѾˣٿһҲܺá
ܿ죬磬ЩĶӣݹԹԵȥԷɡ
ͬĵͷ˾ȥﻹڸүү塣
ݹԹԿ̣̣Ҷˡ
̿ǣЦŵѾ׼ˣ׼¥ǣǾˡȥϴֳԷɡ˵ߵүүͳߣ˵ţϽȥϴֳԷ
￴̣ǿһæ˵ţõġ˵꣬Ҫ
үүȴһҰꡣ
ҪվľٶͱסˣεЦһ¡
ȴֱ֣֣ϽȥԷ¨ӡ
үүֱˣĿ׼˵һڿŵСֻͳôҲ˵ڣֻáߡһȥϴˡ
̿ǸЦЦүүڸСƵã
￴ЦŻصûµģ̡
̼Ц
һϣ͡˻ʱʱ˵Ż
ݹԹͻȻ뵽౵Ļ㿪ڵҵĻʲô˼
ô˵Ҳౡ
һ£ȻˣεЦһ£ûʲôֻǸеȡ
ݹԹȴˣ͸˵ɡ
ǿ˿ౣſݹԹԵţʲôⰡ
ݹԹԹɵİ˵Ļһ顣˵꣬ౡ
үүţе졣̿ݹԹԣţ˼Ҳһ𣿡
ĵͷǰ
ɻĿʵţΪʲôô룿
ͷΪʲô
Ļش𣬳Ĭһ£ȳԷ극ġ˵꣬㲻˵ˡҲûһʼĺˡ
ݹԹԣһСܳˡ˶ҲûΪǮΪѹӡϵ˶ǸԼһġ
ܿ죬緹Ժˡ
ݹԹԺȥ˯ˡѧϰšүү棬˳Ĭ֮С
ʱص磬˳뿪һҿǰĿеΣתȾߣ˽ȥ
߽ȥǿһȦܿҵǸ׶
ųصĲȥԽԽǵ
Ǹͷˣһӣã𣿡
͵̧ͷ˺ȻݹԹԵľ˾ˡ顣
վɵĺС㣿
ЩȣΪû뵽ǰ˳ûͦÿģҲһ˲ܿţǡ
˵ǣº˲ֱԱƷ󣬲Żһ¡
ȿڵĸ˵ǽʦ
ĵͷţǵġ
鿴ӣЦһ£Ǻǻ԰
΢΢һ£һͷӦ˹Цʵ֪ǣ
ĻţһѧҡشţҲǺװ
ЩԾû뵽һѧҡ֮󣬱ĸϴ˺ܹ׶ֻԼǺܸȤûʡҲԼЩס㲻˼ЦЦ
ʱٴα򿪣ʶĿ˹ȥһ˿ȣȻʶĵͷԼ
鿴ӣҲ˹ȥһһŮҲûʲôǿ˿ˣֿ⸱̬С˵С㣬Ǹ˲Ѱɣ
һȻ͵̧ͷƲס˵ôܣܴǵ˷׷׿˹һһŮȻҲ˹
Щ죬
Ů˼룬ǰʦɰ
˹ȥɣʦ
ŮˣȻǰõ˲˵ˡԴõɹԷŸɣõõҲȻͬ⣬ȫȻûоܾ
鿴һĻ֪ԼˡҲûио˼
õֿ˿ˣȤʦԼ𣿡
ô˵ţûСȻ󲻵˵ʵʦҲԼ𣿡˵ţ˿һԵ
õɫһæţǣֻǺѡ
˵ǡȻ֪˵ģǺܲˬ
Щƣû뵽ᷴЩŵı飬˷ѽ⡣
ֻõ˵꣬͵ȹȥˡ˵꣬Ϳ첽λˡһǣҲתˡ
뿪ıӰͻȻһ¡ûã˵ǸҸոˡ
ûϵϣ´βô쿪˵ţһں꿧ȣҾˡվʱֿһ䣺Ӧ֪ؼҪôظ˵꣬Ťͷˡ
Ц뿪һҲһŪһֻվ뿪
ߣõող˼ҵͬ¡
Թһ˿ЦȻװĵ˵ûϵ˵Ҳʵ
õĻЩ˼ûм˵ȥתƻȵȵİɡ˵ţзԱˡ
˳˼ʱƪˡ


 49 

, ݼҽ౻ؼ, ͣ, һ, Լͷײ
һȻ³˳, ͿԼİƨɣѾˡ
ŭźĳôûҶͣ𣿻ֱײϡ
û˵һ󣬳ϵȵ˵
鿴΢΢ͷС㡣
Ŀô⣿
͵Ů
ȴǲţʵ𣿡
ͷǼŵ, Ҳͣ˵ȿôɡ
ɾĿˡԼȥά޵һ¾С˵Ϊźۼųȥ
ЦĿ, ǰȻģҾӦø𡣡
ľٶŵֻٶϳ, ˳š
鿴ĶԽúЦ
ڣӣԭĶŵӣȴǱ棬ʵǸħԼΪ˰Լץţֻ110
鿴棬ֻóôҲţЩ޿κΡֻԼײĵط˼ƬרҵԱ
ʱϻˣһĻԭܣ飬˾ͣ˳Լ³˹ȥʵ飬ôˣ
εʼ磬ûԭһܸ·һ·£û뵽ſڣײˡ
˽ĵͷʵأ
ָָڳôҲϳ
ȥóá
ˣЩϤ˵ҲǻˣſʱݹԹԵĸס
æ򿪳ţ˳ݼҳһ¡˲⡣˵ţָָ顣
˲ЦáЩ⣬ôˣ
ҪҰؼңϱ
⻰һ֮˶Ц
ûһӣӽ
һЦŵ㲻£ˡ
䣬ԭЦˣ˲˴㵡
ҲѾϵˣһĻſǸŮˡ
Ϻ໥һۣеȻ˫ϡ
쿴ǣǰ
ž죬ָϵλǣѧļҳ
ͷɿϡ
֣˵ҵܵܡ
һ£ŷôܣ飬ڡ
Ͽţӵĵܵܣ׵ܵܡſȥһ¡
ٴסˡ
ȴʲôҲû˵ֱӵ˵
ʱݹԹԺ˳һĻ˶ЩӣֻݹԹԿϣǰţְ֡ܵǰ󣬲ſһԵ飬Ҳںţ˾ˣôⰡ
ҲܵߣţС̣ôˣ
ݹԹԺ˾˺˲ͨ졣
һԵľҲǸȻˣҲֻܴȥ
ϼһĿڵʦǱˡԭҪ˽һ¹ڳ⡣
ڳľ춼һ£һ쿪˵Ҳǹܰ
΢΢ͷ˵ʦӦǱˣΪԽܹκ⣬ȴר˶٣ܽһ䣺绰ˡ
ڳĶһһ㶵ģһ䣬ȴ
쿴ѯʵŮʿ𣿡
ͨĻţǡ
˵ǣһԣѵ˼䣬Ȼ뿪
鿴ȤС㣬ҿĻҲҲ˵Ҹʤһﰡ
ĻͷǸԲ𡣡
鿴ӣ˰ֵûϵ˵꣬ڿԽһ³˰ɡ
֣ˡ˶٣˵ҲΪҸոյçײǸԾͲˡ
鿴ӣͷðɡ˵꣬ͲڶˡǱݹԹԣԹԣҸˡ
ݹԹ۾һлл˾ˡ
Цıӣ˵ţʹӺóһװõĺӡ
ݹԹԿǸӣúƯ
ߣϿǻȥ
˿Լĳûоܾ˵鷳ݼҳˡ
΢΢ͷ˰ͻؼˡ
ϣ౿С̣ոշʲôˣ
ʵģ˵ۼ¡


 50 

ݹԹ˽˱, ݹԹĿϵĺ, ڴʵ˾, õʲô
鿴, ۵ֻһ£ʵԹԣʲô
һ, ҡͷ֪
ôԣҲڶˣѺӵ˹ȥ˵ԹԣԼ𿪿
ɵ˵ţ𣿡
ЦţȻ͸ 
۾Ŀлл˾ˡ˵꣬ùӣ
Ȳİװ, һӣÿϵĸӣ¶˳
, סˡ
ûסˣ㿪ʵԹԣôˣǲϲ𣿡
ʻסݹԹԻعѸٵĿ, ٵʵ˾ˣİ
鿴ӣе֣ǻشţ˶Ƶģô
ûٻػһӣͷοյģԷŶ˵󣬵ǺÿһСɣžҪ
ҲˣǰݹԹԵţôˣ
ҡҡͷûʲôֻǸоܿɰ
ô˵Ȼ֪û˵ơЦҲõġ
Ͽ˿ֿ飬鷿˵꣬¥ȥˡ
ʼ磬ȥ
ݹԹûǡǿԼӣеϤЩİ
ļǸӱԼûôкܶҧۣοյĵطԷһЩСĶֽҪһǣԼӵĳԱ̡ͬһֶߴ硣ţ֮С
鷿ڣϿ飬Ƶģ
ҡͷ͵ǣڹĹ֮пģúܿɰ㻭ġô𣿡
˵ģֲԾӣ֮˵ûô˶٣˵ոôᷢ£
ʵģ˲εĿЦһ£ոС㣬ҵ׶ΪΪʲôˣˡ
Щȵ׶󣿡
ε̾һţǵġⲻһû֣ǻˡΪһȥ;ҽ飬ҲҪϹˡ
ϵͷһҲͬ˵ţӦ
²۵㵹Ǻãкӣɶ
ĻǲԾЦ߰ɣ¥Է˵¥ˡ
鿴ıӰ̾һȥ
ͬһʱ䣬ҡ
ĸٵʵôԷǲǺܺãרѡġҵļѧܰ䣬οҲϲ͡
һ졣ҪᣬⲢǺߵĺ죬Ǻĺ졣ĸȴԶ׼ˣֻһЦŵˡˣҲӦϵʽˡ˵꣬ļ򣬵ȡؼҡ
ĻʱڵûС
ʲôûУĸɵš
˶٣ǰѽ췢˵˳ϾԼ˵˲˵糬ء˵󣬱һٶֳĵ·
ҲˣЦ˳ĸûô顣ûк飬ߵı˹ȥһűŭ㳤ˣ
ĸӹı˵ҲҰ˭֪ȥĵطһһպײҡ
ĸڱ⣬ˣ㣬㶼֪˼ҵϿ˼ҵƬˡΪʲôôΪأ
һ£˵ԼûпֻܻԼװˡ
ĸҲûн׷ȥֻԱĲС౿ţǰ̣ˣˡ
ĸſһȥͬѧô
ĵĵͷȤ
ĸôģͷ˵ˡǿʼţҪô˼ҵǸˡ


 51 

ҹ, ݼһ͡
ݹԹԻ˻ͷ, , 㿴òÿ
̿ȥ, տʼûвʲôϸһ£㷢˲ͬȻβϱӣЩײ, ǺܺÿġЦſ޵ÿ˭ŵİ
˵ÿõЦصǾ˾˸ҵ
Ҳ˹ȥôģû˵ʲô
ܿ죬ˡ
ݹԹԻصԼңİȡһ˯ˡ
ԭҪ¥Ϣͱ̽סˡ
Ͽ, 裬ʲô𣿡
̿˵¡
Ͽı, ˳˵
̼º󣬱㿪ڽһ緢顣
ţ̲˵ˣɻô𣿡
̿û, ϸ˵һ¡û⣬Ϊܺá̿ǲ̲סûʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷûʲôװ
̿ӣ̲סŶҪˡ
ô˵ŲᣬźܹԵġ
̱ҭһ£һŵǻΪԼáҪȻ类ɵԵӡ
ĻţҲܺðбǮ
̿һŷżٵʱȥɽ
Ϊʲôȵ˵ţɽסҲԲõġ
̻û˵үүģġ
űĵĵطε˵ǲ𣿡
˵ģ뵽ɽۣǼֵ˵ȥ㣬һ𡣡˵꣬תطˡ
ϼ뿪ˣүү֣ôˣ
үүţ˵ôˣôһЩʶȴ˽⡣˵ܲ
Ĭһ£Ҳȥɽɡ
үүļ򣬵ѾˣͰ˵ɡ˵꣬ҲƵĻ˷䡣
ڿȻףȴҲȥּĵطһת¥
ݹԹԲ֪ĵ飬Ѿξ֮С
峿ݹԹԴ˯ԼΣѾģˡ糣ϵӣǻϲĴͷϡı¥ˡ
һ¥ͿְϵĺȦǰȥʵְ֣û˯𣿡
ϳЦһ£ְڹû˯áȻ˵ΪԼȥܿ࣬Բߡ
˵ְֲҪ̫ˣְҪ˯
ͷЦŴӦá
һԵ̺үү˿û˵ʲô̿ݹԹԣЦŵŽҪȥ氡
ЦӯӯĻţﶼȥڼҸ档
ô˵Цð̸һ𿴶
ͷšһ
ЦǣֲźۼĿһݹԹͷϵӣʲôҲû˵
ѧУĸԼĶӣ˵ϰĵط𣿡
ΪˣüͷԾĽһ£Ȼ˵ţӦþ
ĸ˵ǣ̧ͷȥ̲ס˵ϰĵطͦõİ
ͷ˵ͦõġ
ĸڿҵ𣿡
ҡͷڲСѧûϿΣʦ϶Ҳڡ
ĸ׵ĵ˵ͷͻȻúȥһ꣬ΪңǣΡ
ͬĵͷȸո࣬ڵ裬ξҪѰõĹùҶûǮˡ
ĸĿãΰĹʿ㡣
һϲҲĵ˵ˡ
ĸЦǰһ£š
õġ
ĸôԣָһЦݡȻǰңã𣿡
ûһһƷ˳Űĸ𣿡
ĸЩΪһ˺ۣѿΪ˰ǿź£ʣõ﹤𣿡
ü˵İõһߵúƯ𣿡
ĸһ㶣Ȼͷǵġ
˼˵ǵģ˵ǰʦʲôˣ
ĸæ˵ţ衣
˻ɵĿһ֤ҿһۡ
ĸȻΪʲôǰ֤˳
ʵǼһ£ȥɡʦڽʦ¥
ĸһ£ȻԭֻǴ̽һϢû뵽ھڡ㺰Ǳߵİء
ѾȵЩͷİϢæǰŰĸһȥˡ
ʱõ˯֮С
ĸŰ˽ȥ˿һ¥еȡ
˿ָʾƣ˰õڵءĸǰ¥һ뷨ˡڰĴߴ£ֻ
˺ܿҵ˰õķ䡣ĸʹûаѰõѣǰѸڵ˸ˡ
ڣ͵شţܲС㡣
ĸ˹ȥһʶˣ㿪ڵҡ˵꣬ˡ
ͺܷ飬ڸˣǿŭ˭
Ůõ
ô˵ɻʵǰõ裿
ĸͷǡ
˵ǣüͷ㲻ԾôҲû뵽õĸףȻôûòҲö˵ʲôֻùš
õҲڱѣˡһ򿪿ţͿԭĸ׺͵ܵܣվſڡǣЩŵ˵ʲô
ĸõõþûؼ趼ˡ
õϽ뿪˵ţҪš
ĸȴǰһպÿزţҲӸոյƽͱ䣬õҡ
õҧأ裬ɡ˵꣬Ͳţֱ˽ȥ
ĸͰһ˽ȥ
ڵõŴ򿪣ǽȥˡ֪Ů˾ǰõĸסЩ⣬õôĸס
ûʼ룬Լڶѱ˵İԡ˵ţڴϣڵˡ
ĸһ°õķ䣬ȻСȫѾԹԵϵʳ߳Ա˵ţ㣬Сӹò
õСȻĸʲô
ĸʻҲˣֱĿ˵ʲô
Ūָףô֪ʲô
ĸ̬ȣɣ̽õ
ͷĿʲô
ĸķӦ𾪣תŰȳȥ¸˵
һ£Ҳ
ĸȴûйĵȥ
İĸ˳ȥֻȥǰϵĳԵġ


 52 

ȥ, ĸ˰õһ, İõЩ, ͻأĿڣ㲻Ůɡ
õһ, Ȼװ·ĵͷָף˵, ˵ʲôءȴһ˿µ
ĸһϵеıֻ֣ٴμᶨ˵㲻ҵŮ
ͷ˼Ƿϻǳϣ̧ͷϵ裬˵ʲôأҲŮ˭˵ţǰ׼¡
ĸĿ㲻ҵŮŮȥˣ
õβӣջ, ȴԽͣ裬һû, ԲŸеİɡ
ĸ侲ĿĬ˵ֻҪһŮ֣Ҳǰõǻһ£ԴҲӵĺ, û
һ£ôҲû뵽ԭëܿ裬ѾһûˡҲǺġ
ĸȴĿ˵ŮôֵĿҡֻһμҡҼﻹҪĶ𣿡
죬֪Ҫ˵Щʲô˵ʧ䣬һЩ»ҪֱͣӳϣԼȻŮǣӦûʲô˵ġɳϣȻҲŮʲô𣿡
˭֪ĸϺ󣬲ûģЦҪһӡ
Ļһ˵꣬õܡ
ĸͬ⣬ҲʩʩȻ˵ͬҲûϵҿֱȥҹңֱȥ
һ£û뵽ԭĸȻøû뵽Ȼô
ĸųԾӣЦһµΪʲô¸ŮҪôŮء˵꣬Ц
Ĭһһ¡
ĸҲֱȥҹҡһ
ŭһв
ĸ˿µ˵ţǰλεвҪǲȥ
̬ȣЭ˵һڵʱ䣬롣
ĸҲûͱˣǵԡõԣҪһͼĸֱ׳˵ţҵǮûǮˡ
Ҳû˵ֱӴӰһЩǮݸ
ĸǮ۾һֻвǧǮƲƲ죬ôһ㰡
õŭûصӣҪǲҪԻҡ
ĸţǮװˣﻹ˵ţҪﲻҪװúõʵŮأ
õһۣЦһ£ˣˡһ裬˻һ˰ˣá
ĸļң˿⣬˵ţŮ𣿡ţֲԾĽһ¡
ϻ˵Ͻߡһں𰸵ġ
ĸˣЩʲôҲû˵뿪ˡ
õ뿪󣬲Щڴϡ
棬ٵİĸ˵ţ裬ôô
ĸҲǺܺõ˵ţ𣿡
鲻ãҲӲͷ˲Сްӣ裬ôˣǲǰõȥȥ˵ţҪתȥ
ĸסԺ飬ȱʲô˵Ҹ򡣡
ʵΪʲô
ĸ˵ܣס˵ľС
˿ǵͷõġ˶٣裬õǮ𣿡
ĸһۣó٣ûеݸ˵Ҽǵһҽһ¡
Ǯ۶գĵˡ
ĸȻˣǮҲҪ˰ɡ
⻰һĸ裬롣һųɵ˵裬˵ǸԽĹ𣿡
ĸͷڴͷβϸҽһ¡
ô˵²۵裬ʲô翴Ӿء
ĸ˻Ǯ
ͷ
ĸЦҰǮ˹ȥ٣ȻƲƲ죬鲻ǺܺõİĸûҪǿڵ裬ظѧǣУ顣
ĸ˵ţ֪ǲԼû˵˳˵һٽôá
˵ţϡ
ڼ
ĸĸǸε˵ǱǸŮô¡
ĸĿô
ĸӣ֪ǲ֪ûǰ췢飬һ¡
˭֪ĸûЦ
ĸҲеЦôҲܵЦֻתԼע
һĸֹͣЦ⣬ϻǴЦݣûʲô
ĸĲһҼǹŮҲƤôһҲׯ
ĸ˰֣ЦҼСҲʵܡⲻȥһûؼңɰˡ
˵ŸԵѴ࿴һۣ˫˫Цһ¡
ǣ¾赭дķƪˡڱȶŵ˭֪Ҳк·ģǾĸĸ˳ۣҪá
ݼ
ݹԹԽһ죬̵Сࡣ̿ԼҪȥɽۡԭװֿɰţҪȥɽ󣬾ͻССţˡ
ǣʼԾ˵һЩ£һЩСʶԼ˺󣬾ͲȥˡȫȻĵԼˡ
ݹԹҲ˵Ĺ£̲סڵ̣ô𣿡
̵ͷȻ
ĬһͻȻ¥ֱһ״Ķѯʵ̣ҵĴǮޣԾǮ𣿡
̲̿ס˵ţôôɰ
̿Լ˼ЦְѴǮǰơ
̿š̸ֻ˽һ¡ϵˣ඼⣻ҲֻǺСһˡϣܳΪǺСһСˡ˵ţǣ
ͷҲһСˡ
һ£ȻЦŵǰҲһСءͷţϵ˾ˣҲøеΡӵеģġûУȻǸտʼûУԺҲûСֻҪǷܶˣŬˣһɹԼѧ֪ʶǡ
ţصĵͷ
̼ͷɵЦ˳𣿡
ûСһŵġ
ͷЦŵãżסˡ´οɲҪΪǵӶһ
Щ˵õġ


 53 

ת, ͵ĩ
ݹԹԷż, 󼴽ĵڶꡣźɫ·, Ϊաͷ, ŵĻǾ˾͸ֻӡ
ĵߵһóԼڽһʳġõ, 㿴ų̵̣Ըһ𣿡
̿Цһ£ԡҪССԱߡ
ͷһ£ðɡ˵̱꣬ԣССҪʲô
óԼصĶҲһ棬ָָҪը
Ц˳˵ﵹ˰͡
ʮӺһЩ״˵ʲôĶˡ
ݹԹԻ˵, װ̡
̴Цá֮ݹԹԾͲܵĳ˳šǾЩÿķװΡ
ݹԹԳ˳ţǣСóȥˡܼҲûȥһ, ˡ
ǣСãûһ˳С߲Ҳ֪ǲϷ׷, ÿţܻ
Цų𣬺ɰ
ͷЦǰ֪ǣһСͽСֻ߲С߲Ļԣ˵ţŲأ𿴼ţҲϵ׷˳
ݹԹС߲ĻЦһųԺһ޹ɡ
ϲɫֱӵͷá
˲ݹԹԿĺҵд𣿡
ͷţдˡ
ô죿ݹԹԾȵ˵š
ЦҲûֻܶ࣬Լдɡ
ݹԹţ˼ͷȻ²۵ҰְĺҲ磬Ҷüû˵ˡ
ææһʱͺˡ
ݹԹɻ˵𣿡
϶˵Ȼ
ݹԹԼô˵Ҳˡ
һظˡ
ݹԹǣСûؼңͿүүѾڿˡǰүү̣á
̿˵ȥ𣿡
ǵġ
Сˡôְ
ҲԼ˵û¡ůˡ
̲ͬĿȺ֣ϣů
Ҳûſ̵ĻһȺˣų̵̣ըһóԵġһǳ˵ű͵͵Ц
̿ʲô
ɰĻ˻ͷڲ㡣
̵ã̾ڴһ¡
ܿ죬磬ó緹ʱˡڲϡ
̿ϵķˡܿ죬һ۾ͿݹԹ˵ĺóԵġ
ݹԹԿϵķˣһ£̣ĸģ
̿Ҳûеһʱ˵ָļˣݹԹ˵Եʱ˵Ÿ̰ɡ̲²
ȫȻûп˵ϹǺܸ˵ָеһӣġ˵ţ̧̧ͷʾܵ⡣
Ҳܸӵ˵ţİ⡣
Ц̣쳢һ¡
˳⣬ӣһ飬Ĵָܲ
ʱһԵȴĵĿ̣ﻹںţ衭
үүҲӣһ飬꣬Ҳ޵˵ţó԰
ȿŵӣһС顣Ҳòĺóԡ
ݹԹԼǶ޺óԣǵǣģ϶óԡ
̺ЦĿְûԲˣǿˡ
̵Ļ˵ְѾüûлԷˡ
̿ų극ȥ˾ְ֣ô
һ£æͷá˵꣬ͼӿٵĳЦſҲŲˡܿͳˣȻװһЩԵģ˾ȥ˾ˡ
ʱϿŸջع۫ļЦ


 54 

Ͽ۫, ЦŴȤôûˡ
۫ҲЦ, ӵһ, ̶ˡҲӡ˵, ˶һۣ׷Ц˳
ϿҪ˵Щʲôʱ, ͬʱ½ʿϰ壬ÿˡ
۫ȥᣬ㡣
ͷȥˡȥ棬ʲôԼãһЩʳһ˵꣬Ϳֵ۫
ЦĿʲôءҸŮ׼ġڱˡ
۫ŻȻĵͷȻ˻, ߰ɡ
Цҡҡͷ߳ȥˡ
۫ϵİ칫ңǰ˺ܶĲͬ
, ֪ʱһЩСŮϲɳϻ˼ı, ˼СɵơǰĶ
ţЦΪ̵ĶӸˣΪԼֵܸˡǰֻһˡ
Ȼӣеˡ˳Ÿո˵ĵط˹ȥź󣬾һ¡Ȼ֪Լֵܱ仯ܴ󣬵û뵽Ȼô
ʱ⣬ҰְֵݹԹѾˣͼ飬С˵ţ͵͵ȥҪҰְ֡Ҫһϲ
Цһ£õģСС㡣
ݹԹԼӦ˽ȥȻֱԼСѡһţͿŵˡûд󺰣Ƕſڿˣʵ˭Ϊʲô⣿
ڳԶ۫ſֻ¶һͷС֪ӦϵŮ
ֱӰϵһٵĽܲҵǣҭסˡԼؿڡôҲʲȥ
ݹԹԿˣæһˮݸ֮æܵſڣֻ¶һͷĿ
۫ڰȥһȻվЦЦڵãְֵ۫ѡ
ͷһ£û뵽˭Ȼҡҡͷ뷨׵Ժ󣬿ôⰡ
۫ͷĻţְȥˡš
һ£úпܣ㲻ôˣû߽ȥ߳ȥˡ
۫ЩֵĿȥˣˡ
ֻߵ죬һŮ鿪ʵ㣬칫Ұְֵ𣿡
۫ľٶЦһ¡ԭǳ֤ġ
Ůһ£ȻӦ΢ЦŻصǵġܵѡ
ǣ˻ȥһתͿ۫ûиеκβ˼˵ţã塣
۫ӣ룺ȻϵŮ㳯ͷãݹԹԡ
˵űŰ칫ȥ˰칫ңݹԹûȰѷóǼһԡȻ۫䰲
۫ЩֵĿʵΪʲôң
һ£ŻţΪҼİְֵĵһѡ
۫Ļһ£ȻǲԾ䣬ǿְֵѻǺٰ
ҡҡͷĻţҲ֪
۫ЦָָǱºеǷ𣿿ԸҳԵ𣿡
˵ţԡǸҰְִġ˶٣˵ţҪԣĽ㶩һݡ
۫ЦĿְֲܳôࡣ
ֻһ䣺ҲС˵꣬Ĵóһƽ壬
۫Ҳ˾ġ
Сʱϲſᣬ˽û̧ͷ˵ţ۫һȥԷڵһ
۫Ц˵ԣֻô˵ϲ̧ͷһۣȻͿѾЩĹĵݹԹԣЦһ£ţʲôʱİ˵ţ
Щûеһʱش
۫ڻţȥᣬûӺˡ
𣿡бһ½ʿΪʲôԼ
½ʿҲʾ޹ΪҲ֪
Ҳֻ㿴һۣȻݹԹߣ˵ţţҴ𣿡
ŵͷȻЩɥ˵Ӧöˡ
Цûϵ½ʿһ¾С˵ţԸ½ʿȥһ¡
Ÿܿ־죬ְ֣ôʱԷ
ϻصΪְָոڿᣬ´βˡ
ŰְֵĻĵͷȻְָ֣۫𣿡
ϿһۣţǰС
š˵ͷȻյߣʵְ֣йϵ𣿡
ҲСĻţͬĸֵܡǺˡ
֪ʲôĵͷһ˵ţ
Цһ¡۫˵ǸŮ˵ĻǲǺ۸Ұ
Ͽˣӣû
ʱ½ʿҲѾȺõķˣ˽
ϿţţԷ𣿡
ڼҳˡ
˵ˣ㿴۫Է˾ٵĳ
ݹԹǼһƽ塣


 55 

ܿ, ˾ͳ˷
ݹԹԭҪؼ, Ϊְ˵һ, Ҫȥ, Աû뿪
۫ԭҪؾƵ꣬ϵ, ׼һȥᣬȻһؼҡһϲ
Ǳ㿪ʼ׼š
ʱصĸְõԼŮһڡ
ϣõžԼɫࡣʱţһڣҲʲô£ǺбҪסܡú󣬱Ű׼ȥ
׼ңĸڽĵŰõĵһڰİ, ˽ѧǣйڴԽС˵֣ӦöԴָҲһ, ˣǶԸԼʱʱĴſһ
ŵӣõˡ
õҵС, ϱ¶ı飬ŲĴһЩܿ죬ߵ˰׼ſڡ
һߵͿŵİĸͷ˵ţˡ
ĸˣԵϲ⣬۾ȴЩĵǡ˵ţɡ
õ̬ȣЩ⣬˽ȥȴûз֣һĻñڵھӴ迴ˡɵǣڵھӴǸ͡
һСʱͰһĻˡԲǰõĸҲδΪõһСڵ㡣
ڣֻаĸͰõˣ׸ͰѾĸ򷢳ȥˡ
õֱ˵˵ҴӦĸ΢΢һ£ĿϲҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬾ͼõ
ĸʲô
õ￴һۣŻţ㲻ܸˣҲŮ
ԡ
õôˬӦ£ԭеΪԼеҡ˶٣ŵڵĹʲߣһ²ܸ١
ĸţüͷ㲻ǴԽŮûʲôռ׬ǮĽָ𣿡
õĻЦһ£뷨Ǹͨˣɲʲôˡ˵ţţУҲܸ㰡
ĸɵĿһۣȴԭͺʲôָûáȴЩʧ䣬һܸǮ
ָ׻ţˣҲ¡
ĸȴˣŮڵʱǰйʶˡֻ˳ԷǮҿɲ⡣
õ⸱е꣬սپ˵ÿ¸һ򡣡
ĸһϲʵԺ𣿡
ţҵĹǡ
ĸĵͷܿҸʯ˵ˣﻹô𣿡
ʯ˵Цһ£ʯɡ
ĸ˵ţһ˼ҪǼʯ˵Ǹô𣿡
ĻõԾ뵽ϣ뵽Ϊʯ˵͸еЦҲô˵ţҪˣÿ¸򡣡
ĸȴ֪˵ţﹻ˼һǧ͸ǲ̫ˡ
õôߣǾ͵ʱ˵ھ˵űվ׼뿪
ĸͷðɡ˶٣˵ţпˣԸְֺ͵֪ܵܶءǸˡ
õбһۣҲû˵ͬͬ⣬뿪ˡ
ĸ뿪󣬲ŴһעⲻĽóֻֻ澹Ȼ¼ڻڲϵ¼šŰֹͣĻ档Цһ£
ʱصڣõЩĴѧУڻذ׼ң붼롣ûһͽӵĵ绰һϲȻ˰ӣ绰ͨ˵ʲô𣿡
Цһ£֪ûõСμᡣ
¶õ΢ЦȴЩɵ˵ţðɡСǺߵ˵ţңҲûʲôᶪ˵ġ
ԵĻӶ洫ûϵ˵ˣҪæôԼ׼Ȼװ˵ţ㲻᲻ӦѵҪɡ
õĬһЦŵû취ѧУ㡣
һȥ㡣˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰
õҲɴˣʰһ£ž˵ԼҲԼһϤϺ͸ֻú󣬾;¡


 56 

ֳ, ݹԹԴƯȹ, ɹȷе˵, ǹԱߵϺ۫, ȻΪĻҲû˻᲻۵İϵɻ
ֻϵˣڿĵ˵ţ, þò
ɫ΢ĳǵͷû˵ʲôҲ⣬ǿȻġһĿתݹԹԣʵܣλǣ
ţɫţŮݹԹԡ
Χ󣬶΢΢һ, žĺţԭС㰡ǿɰžһĿ
ݹԹЩ˼ȴĵͷ, ɫҲƸոˡ
Χһ˽ˡ޵ҲԽˣʲôûݹԹ϶ѣǻעŷִء
Խ, ݹԹԵԽ죬̲סһϵ½ǣС˵ְ֣㡣
Ͽȥá
ҡͷãԼȥС˵žͼȺСǱȥ
ʱҲʲôЦҡҡͷΧ˼״Ҳɢˡ
һĻǼʵɫܿ챻ԼʼϱǵݹԹԵĺİõ
һȦûпļݹԹԵĺϲ˸飬ȻͨҸŵĳ
Ƭ̡ſͻȻһ˹ȥǾԼҪҵİõɫһ䣬ߵǸˣеɻԼļõﵱ˵Ŀ£ҴŻǣһ˧߽ġעûΪ
ſڣõĿϵˣȴ˵ţ᲻᲻̫ð
ο˵û¡
ڳϵˣǣ
Ͱõ˽ȥȺĹϵûеһʱ俴ǡȴǡ
Ͽ۫Ǿ
۫˹ȥһµ治񡣡һǰһ
ݹԹͬĵͷǵġÿ
۫ô˵Цһµ۹ⲻŶ
Цһ¡ȻϵıЩĵĿϡֻҡҡͷݹԹŻָ糣˱
ߣѾߵˣҲſǡõɫһϲܿԼ߻ˣʶɿ֡
ˣûоʲôǶ˵ȥкҪҪһ𣿡
õ˳˵ķһۡͷšһ˾һǰһڵķȥ
ݹԹԼԼĶԾ
ܿ죬û·ľߵˡϣͷţϡ
ϿҲû׼ɵҲǺ͵˵ţá˵꣬û˵ˡ
ʱõվ˳ֱӿݹԹԣЦ˵ͬѧþòȻЩߵĿϣҲþò
ݹԹ΢΢ͷĺţʦáϸֻǳ򵥵ĵ˵ͷ
ЩȣЦŵõõôʶϰ
Ļţǰ̹ݹԹͬѧ
˽ĵͷȻд˵۫λǣ
۫Ĭһ£žվЦŵ۫
˵Լ۫һֹȻ˵ĸоΪúҴҲЦһ£˵꣬˾ûٿڡ
ҪǣŰõ뿪õȴЩ⡣˿ȴֻܸߡ
ݹԹԼߺźȻ۫ЦȴǺܺܣǰݸܺóԡ
Ϻ۫ĶЦһ¡εЦݣǷĵġ
һߣҲտʼˡһ顣źۼĿһ۰õû˵ʲô
õûп񣬶Լ˼֮С
໥ֻ֮˵˼仰ɢˣоԾ˵ﲻԾŰõ룬ǰסɵʦԴȥ𣿡
õ˭ΪʲôԼʦһûΪԼĺ󣬻˵ţõġ˵꣬һԵҴλСȥ䣬һ
˿ͷȥɡ˵꣬õǣȥ䡣
·ϣŰõ˵ʦݹԹԵ𣿡
õһ£žĿ˵ʲô
ҲװԺʦ㲻ݹԹԵ𣿡
õ͵˵˵ʲôԸʱ佲һ𣿡
˵ʦҵиݹԹԵİְֽ˰
õĻһȻϲɫ˵εҺݹԹԵİְֽˣ
ᶨĵͷǰ
õһ͵Ŀ㻹μʲôˣ
ͷЩ벻ˡ
õҲˣʲô
κܿţҽ򡣡
õջ˵Сѣ̺ϲ㡣Խ´ΰ̴ȥԺóԵŶ
һϲáȴڳ
õôú壬һСѼһ°̵ĺ룬¿Ұ̡
صĵͷ
õҵһԵķԱֽͱʣԼĺ󣬽
֮ȥ䣬˾ͷֿˡ


 57 

, ۫ϸŮ, ȥݼҡЩϧ, үүѾϢ, ׼ڶٸǾϲȥϢˡ

ݹԹ󣬾Լ¥´ĻЦڴ˼, ´ϴú¥
һߵ¥ݿڣЦ֪ոǸԼȥͿЦӯӯĿ۫˵ŻԿĺ顣
ͣһ£ȻЦȥϺá
̿ЦŵϺáţһ£۫, С
ͷЦŵְָҽܹˡ
һ£˵, 㿴һԵϣʵ۫ˣô˵
εĿԼЩĸףȻȻİѹƸ۫, ۫˵ҪһϲԲġ
˲͸ԭΪ˸Ҿϲ۫涮¡
ϿȻ̬ͬȣЩЦá
۫һůҲЦĿһϡϿǣεִЦҡҡͷ
Թ緹ȥˡ۫Ǽ˵ݹԹǰһš
̿۫ԭȵĸʵôЩ궼ǲ֪㸸˽ˣ
۫һ£Ϊϸ룬Ӧò᣻׼⣬˭֪ӦѾ̴𰸡
̾һžĿ֪ˣΪʲôңǿ𣿡
۫һæֵûУûС˶٣ЩĽţΪʱ֪ʱ𾪣ҵʱҪ׼Աһ֮ˡ
Ļۣͷ
۫ЦЦ̣Ѿûˡ㲻õĵġ
̵ͷʱס⡣Ϲˡ
ûоֱܾ˵á
Ȼ˵㸸֪𣿡
֪˶ټϿǸˡ
ǲ⣬Ȼ뵽˵ǸˣӦþ˽ӣüͷܿͿùǡ
á
ݹԹһԣ˵׹ԭ˽ӡסˣΪͻȻ˵
˽ӣȴǮ˼ҵ˽ӣνǮͨзǮŮǮȻзҲǮģֻŮ㡣Ҫǣ˵ģĸһ飬Ϊзӣֻʹ뿪Ů˴ܵĹѪҲʼˡ
зˣŮҲһĽᾧȻŮûԭзȴǡĽᾧ˻ȥĽᾧ
ţĿһ۫ǣǵϱӣû۫˳֣ô¡üͷ˼
۫׾Ϳϵı飬Ǻ棬Ҳ֪뵽ʲôûʳ
Ҽ
ϣֻһٰдűͿҪʱȷ꣬ҴףڲμӵϡĻû˵꣬ҴҲȤ㲻˵ˡ
һ£Ǽְѻ˵ˣҿ۫
Ҵ󣬶ԵͣԽ˵˵ʲô
ķӦЦһ£ȴٴΰѸո˵Ļظһ顣
ҴʵǸ˭һģ
ϡ
ҴϣȻ˵ı顣ţҲЦ⣬˵Сӣ˶ؼҡȻûǿһԵĹܼңһȥ׼Щȥһݼҡ
ܼҲЩĵ˵ţõģү
ҴԼȻ̬ͬȣǷꡣȻԼϲǲԼ
Ҵﰲźú󣬲ſô
Ƕһ£Ȼµ˵˵飬඼ǹ۫ġ˳⡣ҴҲ⡣
ܿ죬һٷͳˡ
ҴȲݼǰȥǻصԼķ䣬͸䣬Ҵĳߺóֻ˷Ըһº󣬾ûһˡ


 58 

Ҵݼſ, ŽյĴ, ̾һ, ȻԸܼǰȥ, ǹһСŲŴ򿪡
ʱڣ̿۫, 㸸ˡ
۫ͷȱһ¡˵꣬Ҫ¥
סˣ飬ʲô˶٣˵ţпġ
۫һ£Цܡ˵ţ¥ȥˡ
̿̾һҡҡͷ
ûһҴĹܼ˽ҹܼҰｻݹܼҺ, 뿪ˡ
Ҵ߽󣬲źۼĿһ¿ûԼ, Щʧ䡣Ҳֻһ˲顣ת۾Цſүү̣Ǵк
̲ûиɫүүҲ̵סˣֻøɰͰ͵ĵͷ, û˵ʲô
Ҵ￴ˣҲЦ˳
̿£ֲ˼ֻһ
үүʾһ£Ҵ
Ҵ˰֣ʾû¡
֮̿Сֲ쵽үүߣתһ¡
ʱүүϱúѿ
ҴдЦ⣬͸¶Ľһ˿į
̿ˣȻû˵ʲô̬ȲƸո䣬ڵʲô
Ҵ￴ѵⲻû
̿ɱֱ˵Ŀġ
ҴЦһ£ȻһԵݹԹԣ˵ţţ¥Ҹүүл˵
ݹԹûеһʱش𣬶ȿ̵ֻ̡ͷ󣬱ųҴЦЦת¥ˡ
Ҵ￴ɵӣĽ涮¡
̵һ£ǿɲȻˣ˵ˡ
ҴЦҲʼ˵ʮӺ̺ɸֵĿҴô˵˶ЩӦԣΪʲôҪǸ˽ӰͽŹһ˿һı顣
ҴεЦһ£Ϊ˰۫
ʲô̾ȵĿүүҲЩĿ
Ҵϸһ¡̲˵Ҵǰô֪ô
Ĭ̿ӣҲ˵ʲôˣֱӵţȥ۫Ǻúһ¡˵Ϳ첽˶¥
үүҴҡҡͷô뷨Ϲúһ²𣿡
ҴţҲ
үүĿôܣ
ţ֪ʲôôҲҲԲų²ߡ
үүᶨ˵ţܡ
۾˵ţʵˡ
үүĬһһ۫ɡ
ͷá˵꣬;۫
¥ϣ۫ķţ۫¸˵
۫ţ˽ȥ˵˸ոմҴĻκθ.ɫʡ
۫죬ȴ֪Ҫ˵ЩʲôΪÿЦֿɱȴִһ˿ҡ
̿ģȥ㸸Ҫ˵ʲôɡʲô̶֧㡣ȥɡ
ͷųصĲ¥ˡ
¥󣬱㿴֪ʱòϵĸףԭֱͦ壬ھȻЩˡ
Ҵһֱע¥ݿڵĶһʱ俴ˡʱͻȻ֪֪º󣬱ĶӣԼĽͣѾгδԼǵ뿪ʱͲǺܳӡ
һһǼȴԽ࣬ǲ֪ҪôԼòĶ˵ֻܰĬš
۫ߵ˿ĺףþò
ҴҲӲŵ˵ͷһھ˵ţ֪㸸ס˵ЩڣԼҪĲ˼ѳڣôҲղˡֻĿ̡
ȴû˵Ƕүүǳȥ䡣˵꣬Ƶ뿪ˡ
ܿ죬ʣ˸ˣš


 59 

۫Ų˵Ҵ, ȿڵոո˵, ǲģ
ҴЩεĿ, û뵽ȫ۫, ǵ˵ͷ˼˵
۫ͷˣҧһ, Ŀʵȷûг죿
Ļţȷ˵ţźܵ
۫Լĸףı飬ĬһٴοڵǴģ
ʱһ죬֪ʲôֻҪûг첻ˡ
۫˵꣬ĬĬؿ˵
⸱ӣ˶, ǿٵ˵ţŮ˳ҲעʱߵġߵʲôȻû˵, ѾԶ׼ˡ
۫Ļı飬һͷ˵Ƿʵ
, һ̧ͷҴ֣ҸһؼҰɡ
ҴһҪЦǰԼĶӣǿš˶٣ȴ۫⼸ڹʲôΪʲôôҲ鲻Ϣ
۫һ£ôܣһֱһطûжȻС˵ţֻҪһͿԲ鵽
ˣȻûв鵽ӰǱʲô˸סˡҲġ
۫üͷҲûа˼ôҲûǲǸˣ
˵ܣһרŰһҹĹ˾ǰæңûҵ
۫Ҳе֣ϸ˼һǸĸǲڹ⣿
Ҵסˣûлش⣬ǵ˵һ£߰ɡ
֪۫Ѿˡܸӵĵ˵ͷ
ҴЦһ£ȴҪؼ˵һʲô
ʱȥүүҲѾʱˡ
̿Ѿͺõĸеܸˣǰ۫˵ţ۫Ҫǲľ̼ңд㡣˵ţһҴĿĲԶ
ҴЦһ£û¶ɫ
۫ǸжЦһ£֪ģ̡˵ţһ֮󣬱Ҵһ뿪ˡ
̿뿪̲ס̾һҲ֪ȥʲô鷢
үүļ򣬵۫ѾˣԶһˣ㲻̫ˡ
Ʋһۣôܲģǿҵڶӡ
үүһ£ȻЦҡҡͷ˵ţҲûൣĹϡ˵꣬ҲƵĸˡ
һߣ۫룬ǸϷ˸ϢԼؼˡ
ϼţæµϿϢЦһ£ͷŵһߣ칫ˡ
ԭո̺үүȥʱѾȲİϢϡ
۫·ѾǺϤķ羰еһ˿ãȻΪϤΪǣһԭԼļȷ
һ·ĬŻص˼ҡ
ҺҴŹ˽ȥ
۫ǿǰϤȴִŵİļҡܼԼǰ뿪֪ǲıˣԿеİһ˽ȥ
ȥ󣬾ͿѾµҴվһԵ
ͣһ£ǰȥ󣬿һԵĹܼҵܼңסģ
ܼǿһҴȻŴЦүķ仹ԭģʲôûж
۫΢΢һ£ȻЦŵõġֿҴ֣ȥˡ˵˵ͷ¥ˡ
ҴĿ¥ˡ۫¥ЦݲȻűʵôڼң
Ĭһ£ˣóԷˡȻû˵Ҳס
Ҵĵͷո磬Ժ㣬ìˣ˵
һ£ţ֪ˡ
ҴӦ£˻֣ȥɡȻһԵĹܼңЦһ׼ķʢЩ
ܼҲͬЦţ֪ˣү
ţЦȴ˷ߺޡ߻˷䡣
ص󣬰Žóֻ绰ܾòŽͨҽͨ󣬶洫˲ͷʲô£
û⣬ֱʵĸף͸˵𣿡
ʱɲͷˣЩٵĻţȻ˵ʲô𣿡
һŻţûСֻǺ档
ô˵һȻͷ˵ţʲôѲһƭ㡣
ţһֱͣŵĸףϢɡ
ᡰšһͺԥĹҶ˵绰
ֻЦһ¡


 60 

, Ͽһʱ, ֿ˿ϰڷŵļ, ̾һ, ݹԹѾ׼øˡȻ֮ǰ֪ͨһ顣
ͬһʱ䣬õļҡΪֻԼ԰õԲʲô, ֱˡ
ԭ󣬰õԽԽԾΪʲôǸεԼԽ˽һ¡
Һ󣬿ǰʵСʲôʱΰ
װϸһ£ȻɫһɥĻţˡ˵ţӵĿ
õ, Ȼ˵ʲôЦͷûϵ, ǾǰɡȻСԸϸ˵һ𣿡
ͷϸ˵һ¡Ȼûȫ˵ֻǰǳ˵˳
õ, ˳˼ҲûдΪȷǷš㰲һԣ顣
õ˼һȷԼŮǡ򣬺пԼҡԭҲʧˡ
Ŀ򣬵СҪȥҴȥ԰ô
΢΢һ£²ȴִΪѵ˵ţҲܳȥ˵꣬װһܾӡ
õǵ´ΣҸ㸸ĸãڴȥ԰ô
ʹͷá
õҲ΢΢Цһ£ȻС´ˣʦô
ˬӦ¡
õӦЦݸӲˡȻһʱ䣬ó緹ˣСˡ
˵ţãʦټ˵꣬ƽ壬˶
õЦҡҡͷȴһΪľЩԣ˵ɵľٶʱ㲻ˡתԥˡ
뿪󣬲ŷϵƽ壬Щ˳Ǹ档
ת¥ŰõԶȥ˵ţݹԹԣܿĺúĸҪˡҾԻĺúĸһˣûһӹ
·ϣõĲšʱ绰ˡõֻ˭ԭĺѾɢˡԭôӣ룬ǽ
һͨ洫ĸٵõµǮʲôʱ򰡣
õͷĻţ졣
ĸһ㲻ˣ˰ɡ
üͷҶ˵˹죬ǲǣ
ĸôãֻ˵ţǵãˡ
֪ˡ˵ţҪҶϡ
ĸȴز㸸ˡ
κθ˵ţȥҸڣС
ĸһ˵á˵꣬õͺԥĹҶ˵绰
õ͵İֻװضԭȵĺҲƻˣҸˡ
Һóϵĵ绰룬Ҫ򣬵룬˻ȥȻ̯ڴϣµֻ
Ϲ˾ݹԹԿǰԷϣְ֣ĹҪ찡
ϿЦŻصûˡٹͿڼˡ˵ţŵС
ͷȻְ֣ؼˡ
ţѾ˵ˡ
ȴüͷ˵ְ֣ҼǵһҲʶ壬Ҳûм
Ͽͣһ£ȻţְֲǸ˵𣿰ְֲЩֻҪԹԵСͺá
ûзκۣıȴԿǲġ
εĿЭŸְ˵˵ʲô
Цһ£ʼ


 61 

ݹԹԽ, Ĭһ, ǰְֲûи, Ųǵˡ
Щɻ˵𣿡
ϼᶨĵͷȴǽȻͬ뷨ȻҲȷô, Բ᲻ݹԹԽ۫ģҾԼûнҲܵġ˵ǲԾ¾Ͳ֪ˡţͷЦһ¡
ݹԹԼְּȻô˵, ҲˡǼְ֣˵ȥ᲻ᱻ۸
Цһ£ȻҡͷġүүǺϲ۫ġ
һȻ̯ɳϣ˵ˡ
ϿӣҪҪȥϢϢһ£
˼һ£ͷá˵꣬һµĴɳԹԵ߽Ϣҡ
ϺЦҡҡͷźЦʧˡϸ˼һ, Ϊʲôûм۫
Ҳֻֿܣһ֣ûнܣҲܷһ¡ڶ֣۫ûлҲܲˡһ, Ҳǵ֣п۫뿪ˡţüͷһſʼ칫
ʱܿ͹ȥˣת۾͵硣
ݹԹҲѾѹ, Ÿһؼˡ
ҲûȣܿͽһĹؼˡ
·ϣݹԹԿϣְ֣СöιˣҲôˡ
ЦԼС˵
װ˰ε̾һҸ˵ˣأһ㶼
Ͽ⸱ӣϵЦôҲֹסˣ͹ܼ˵ҪС׼ܶԵġ
Ŵ˵˵ţҲֻˡ˵ţ̾һ
ֱЦЦһĶôˣ
һţǽЩ
˶㲻𣿡
æ֣͵ûУֻеôãԽȾˡǶǺ֧ҵġϾôɰ˵ţ˫ַ°ͺһ仨ӣЦЦ
ϼû۸ЩˡЦȱʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷȱе豸Ѿֽ׶õˡ
Ȼ˽⣬˵ţʲôҪģҰְ֡
šصĵͷȻĵĲС
һ·գ˼ңͿŵ顣
Щȣû뵽ʱ侹Ȼڣǰôʱˣ
ֻ̾һҸϳˡĵû˵ǿݹԹԣԹԣϺð
ǰЦŻص˾Ϻá˵꣬ߵߣסˡ
鿴һԵȣ㣬סˡ
ƲƲ۾û˵ȴססķ䡣
æЦŵ̺á˵꣬һĿޡ
ȿ̲סҡҡͷȴЦ⡣
һڲǰ͡Ȼûʲôʳ޲Ǻ˵
ͽһɳϣ
ʱĺܿ죬ҹȥϢˡ
ûлݣǸϣ鷿鷿̱²۵˵˵ǲ뱧ӣѵŮ𣿷Ҫҽ顣˵ţĴ
ϺЦĿ鲻ˡ
ô˵Ʋǵ㣬ǵҪ顣
Ҳˡ
Լ˵ĻҲ˵˳һվȥϢˡҲϢ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
æһ绰
ܿ죬ͽͨˡŶԷı棬󣬲ſ˵һ䣺ذɡǮһճȥġ˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰ֲϵӡù󣬲ȥϢˡ
лҪ˵Ϧ֣
µһ꣬ף彡
мǵôŶ
Է(=^^=)

 62 

ת۵˳Ϧ, Ҳæˡһ˿ĵڼ, ֵڿ, 졣
ݹԹԿ, ǰ֣˵ţЦĿ, ˫֣գĴ۾
үү໥һۣȻЦΪֻݹԹһԣҲ׼һ
˷׷״ԼĿڴó˺ҵݸ
ϵĺܿģЦ˵ţ֣ȻͰѺмǸˡůϾȹˡ

ݹԹԱѣЩԺ𡣻һ۾˫ֽǰ, Ը

ϰڷŵȫҸﲻɵúˮ, û
¥ڿ̣Ĭһ£ȻЦ, ܵǰ˵̣֣
æգһۣȻЦŵ֣
ǰͷĻûг
Ц⣬ˣȻ˵ţԿǺܺõġ
˵ܶҶ̵𡣡
ЦԭЩļҶʱůȻֻˣҲů
һ̼һҪҪȥҹԹ԰
ֱӻţˣڼ
ĻǿģǺã̫ڼҡ
Ҽ
Ҵ￴ֹ۫סЦ⣬ΪԼĶӻˣ⼸ĵһꡣ
۫ҲЦݣԼĸס
ҲЦݣϸȥͻᷢвûЦ⡣
Ҵ￴ı飬ЩǲûбֳǼ۫͵˵Ż
ҼҵҲĲ
׼
õ鲻ԸĿŰĸҪһ
ĸҲĿΪ밡ҪҪҰ㺰ҲŲء
˵ţ׸ǰŴŰõõõһûؼҹˣǲǶӦˡ
õǿţǵģЩϰߡ
׸˵󣬾Цļ򣬵û£һְָóԵӣͲеİˡ
ŶԼİ׸׼ĶԶôҲ˵ˣֻĵͷʾ֪ˡ
׸ֿһת߽Сĳȥըȥˡ
õߺ󣬲һһԵİĸ㿴㣬ٿ󡣡
ĸЦһ£м˵ǣáԲŹӡ
õһۣûٿˡΪҲ뷨ò˵ͬһˡԲŻ࿴ᡣ
һ׸ʢڵķˣ˳˵Զ
໥˿ǰʳ
׸ЦŰõʵô
õһ£Ȼصóԡ
׸˵óԣЦæ˼
Ĭһһĳܿ죬ͳԱˡ󣬱һԣֻ
ûһͽӵϢϢףҲòĻ˹ȥ꣬ͨѶ¼Ǹ룬Цһ£žüͷ
ԴǴ󣬾ͺټˡеһ˿ּ˵ĻûκνӴôܻΪӣѵҪ顣ţɫ㲻ôÿˡ
һҪȥûˣҪҿԽӽϵķˡú󣬱㲻ˡʼϲһЩõĵ
׼绰ʱͻȻǰ׼ңȻһĿԼİ׸ôˣ
׸ҡҡͷп˵õõȥһְֶ꣬Щϲˡ
õһȻһԱߵİĸŵôܣûʲô仯
׸ͬ˵б仯ġƯˣҲЩˡ˵꣬ͷٿˡ
õӲӣҺҲֻһͷ֣ȥʰϵˡ
һ˿ɫʵҽ˯ģ
ĸָָԭȰõķ䣬ǡ
õĿǸСķ䣬Ҫ˵һ߰ɡͼ׸˳õõķѾʰˣסġ˵ţлԾĴε
Ű׸̬Ҫ˵ĻôҲ˵ˣֻܵͷ֪ˡ˵꣬ŷȥ
׸ԸסڼЩˡĽȥˡ
õӣѾȻһˡԭСҵӲͬȻҲСˣһܰ
ڴϣЩһĸ˽ӵķ䣬΢΢һ֮Цһ䡣Ȼõ˵»ûǮء
õǰ첻ǲŸ𣿡
ϸµġ
õĿҸ׼ȷʱ䣬ԺҶǸӸ㡣Լѡɡ
ĸĻͷ˼һÿһŸҰɡ
һֱӦ£ԡմӦ£ͼĸֱ֣һţǮ
õҲ˵ʲôֱֻһ˵Ҵ㿨ˡ˵꣬ĸɫˣһ͵˵úϢҾͲˡ˵꣬תȥ
õ뿪󣬶õҲ⣬Ϣˡ׼˯һޣ뿪

 63 

峿, ݹԹԸӴ, Ư, ¥ˡ
һ¥, ͿүүǶѾˣڿڵ
ȥ, Ц˵Ϻã
ϵһЦĿʵţ˯𣿡
ͷܱţ˯ˡش󣬾Ѿȥǵߡ
ְס˯ôûбѰ
Ļţ˯úܺãûбѡ
̼ôԵĻظ̲סЦͷ
˻СԴϵıҲܡ
ϴЦ⿴ǣȥͰɡ
ݹԹæع, á
һ˺ܿͳ͡
Ϊǹ꣬ʱ䶼ǿɡԵЩˡ
ֻݹԹſɳϣϾġ
Ͽ, һ£ţҪȥ԰𣿡
һţҪһµ, ż
ϼ⸱ӣ̲סЦһ£ȻŲ𣿡
ҡͷԼؿڵ¡·˵꣬ͽ
ϼô˵ˣҪ˵Ǿ߰ɣһԵ̿ˣ첻ܳȥ
ݹԹһ£ȻʵΪʲô
ǵһϣȻţΪп
ɫԵ˵ţǺðɡ˵̯꣬ɳˡ
̿⸱ӣܲζ˶٣˵ȥ档
𣿡æ𣬿̡
̴Цͷġһһȥô
һǿĵıһ̣˵ţˡ
ҲıŻһȥ
۾һӴ̻ȥûʱ䡣˵ţ²Ĵ˵绰
Ҳûȥ绰Ȼ߿ϣɫһ壬㲻֪𣿡
εЦһ£ⲻǿģԲһ
Ľڣһۣ˵ˡ
ߣݹԹȸ౼Ҵȥˣ绰ͨһŮ˽ġ˵̣ãౡ
һʵǣ
ɵĻţ౵ͬѧݹԹԡ
˵Цһ£Ȼ౵̣ɲܽа̡˵ֶ꣬ķţౣ
Щ˼౽
ûһ౾Щ΢Ľ˵绰ֵֻӵ绰ͷԹԣ𣿡
ݹԹһˣҲͲôнˣǴЦ˵ÿҪȥ԰棬Ҫһ𣿡
󣬱ȥһ̡˵ţͿһẉ̂˵̣Թȥ԰棬𣿡ȻѯʣȴŲݺӵ֡ȥ
̺ЦĿҪǲȥô죿
౴һ£ɫ˲䲻ÿͲ˵̣ͽȥɡ˵ţ˻ĸ첲
ȴһףЦ⿴ǲڡ
౼ҲҡˣǿһԵүүֻǻ˸Īı飬µĿ˱ֽ
үүһ£ȻԼĹùãȴ֣Լһֱۣˡ
Ҳˣֱӿڵ̣ԹԵľ˾˿ǹùϴ׵Ǹˡ
˵Цһ£ȥȥɡùøһ𡣡
һ˸ҮƣȻͲݹԹԵͬˣҹùøһļϰ
ݹԹȥļϣ㿴ϣְ֣ļϰ
ϿԼȥмҳţҪмҳĻڻ԰ſڼϡ
æţĹùҲһ𡣡˵꣬Ͳڻ԰ſڼϰɡ
һá˵꣬͹Ҷ˵绰á
ȴôˣ̣裬Ҳţ䰡
ȴֱ౵ļϰ
ѹֲסԼĵţڻ԰ſڡ
̱ͷſסˣڻ԰ſڼϡ𡣡˵꣬Ϳ˵ӡ
޿κεĿԼĸ׶ҲˣǸСƨҲţ㿴ౣҪڡͼһ¥Լķˡ
ĻҲû˵ڣε̯ɳϣһ޿ı顣
̵ӣ̲ס
ݹԹԼѾ㶨һˣ㿪ĵǵȥ𣬿ȥȥ˵ţǣСãȥ
̿ȥء
֪ˡ˵ţ㿪˴ţȥˡ
ȻܲȥסֻòĿϵƽ塣
ݹԹԺܿ͵˸ڣòţûһܼҾͰŴ򿪣ȥˡ
ߵſŵĳ̣ǰ̣֣
̴Ц⿴һ䣺֡˵ţӹܼҵùݸ
Ҳûпֱӽӹˡӹ󣬿һΧﲻڣʵ̣أ
̸Ҫش𣬾ͼѾҴҵĴ¥
ݹԹԿЦŻ˻֣磬ѽ
ЦĻصţ֡˵ߵԱߡ
ЦŵͷȻֱ˵磬Ҫһȥ𣿡
΢΢һ£ȻһԵĳ̣ѯʡֻصȥȥ
￴˿ֿ˿ݹԹԣûеһʱӦ£ţҪȥİ
ĵĻţȥ԰
Լ𣿡
ҡҡͷţǣһҶȥʦ
ô˵Ĭһ£Ȼ̣̣Ҳһȥɡ
ܾ꣬˵ҾͲȥˣһ̫ţȥǲʡ
Ļ䣬ﻹû˵ݹԹԾͿٵ˵ţ̶ȥҲһɡ˵űǰ˻ĸ첲Ͱ͵Ŀ
̿⸱ӣܾĻôҲ˵ˣֻЭ˵ãҲһ𡣡
ݹԹһ˵ĳ˸ơЦݸůˡ˵꣬ݹԹҲûжֱ˵Ǻ󣬾ͻؼˡ
Ȼ뿪ˣĺȴһֱûб䡣̿ӣҲǺá


 64 


ݹԹ, ׼óеĶ, 㿪ĵ¥ˡ
һ¥, 㿴ҲѾ׼˵ְ̡, в֪ʲôʱ˵顣
ǰ飬Ƶ˵˾, ôˣ
鿴ί˵˾˲ѵԹԲ뿴;˾𣿡
һ֣͵ûУֻЩ档
ЩţҲˣڻոյ⣺˵Ҫһȥ棬ұո֡
׵ĵͷȴЩɻ˭ѵأ룬Ҳû, ҡҡͷˡ
һ׼ݹԹԾ, Ҳûнȥţ𣬳ˡ
ֱ洫Ӧ󣬲תصӡ
ڿݹԹԵĺ, ǵЦôҲ𣬳ҲˣҲһĨ΢Ц˵ţ߰ɡ
ͷų̣Ƶߡ
һ˾˻԰ſڡ
ݹԹԿǰ԰е˷ܣҪȥǿһȦȴǻûĵĵš
ûһ౺١
ô˵ԼౣЩΣϾԼٵˡ㼸ǰǸ˵ţ˼ˡ
վ͵ĿûϵҲյ
ѾܵݹԹߣֵ˵Ļ
̼˵ˣ㿴ݹԹԣ˵ţǽȥɡ
ݹԹæͷЩ˵ţãȻ͸ǣ֣ǰȥ
Ͽǣţ㡣
󣬻ص֪ˡȻٶҲ
￴ǰСŮɫЩѿ
̿ˣܿΪʲôЦ
ʱ̺үүߵ˳ߣ̿ڵ㣬ҸطŰɡ
ЦŵͷáȻŷԼĳȥһȥɡ̸š
￴˿Ҳû˵ǵͷȰȥȥ档
̿µӣǿЩۡ˾˸ůĵطˡ
źˣתȥݹԹǡ
ߺ̱޵㣬ӿ涮¡
ԺЦһ£Ȼ̾һҲô¡
̼⸱ӣ֪ʲôõ飬æ˵ţºð»ʡġǼš
ȴͬҡҡͷźáɰ
ĻЦһ¡ϾҲҪԼŮ
໥һۣҲˡ
棬ϽݹԹԣʱʱĿСĵ
ݹԹ²ĸһŸֳÿһ顣
ĶЩ裬Ҳܿġ
ϿԼߵĳʵôһȥ氡
߽ݹԹԣصҲϲЩ
ϿߣһҲˡȥãʡԼűŤţֿʼ
ҲûǼŲõЦ
һߣЩεĿ飬΢΢ͷ󣬱ųĬǽ𣬲˵ˡ
˾ĸ˭Ҳûпڡ
Դӿ󣬾֪Լĸ׸ùҲֲԼһϾͱҪԼŽһȥء
˾ĬţŸԵ顣
ܿ죬͵磬һϢȥҲԷˡ
׼͡ûʼ㣬˹Ǵк
ݹԹԿˣǰõЩȣôҲû뵽Ҳ
õҲǳԾΪԼۻû뵽Ǵк
̿ǰЩˣϸһ£ڼĽҵ뵽󣬱ûκεı֣Ŀʼˡ
Ͽǣվɡ
ûػõžϲ˵ţǰɡ
һ£ȻʲôҲû˵ֻվһԡ
ϼкǻû뿪˵׼ˡ
õһʱû׹ʶ˵ţɡ
ϳĬһ£Ϊû뵽Ȼôῴɫ
ȴףõҲȥԷɡ
ĻõŷӦð˵꣬˵ټȥһˡ
ϼ뿪󣬲
౿õ󣬾;˾ݹԹԵ·յС˵ţǰʦ𣿡
ҲСĻţ֪Ӧǰɡ
⿪ʼ˽ֱ²û˵ǿʼѡԼҪԵĶ
һ˾·һҲ¡
ǿĵĳŷ׼ȥ档
һŻԼ˼İõЩȻ˼˹
õ𣿡
ָָҪʲô
΢΢һЦҶԣѡɡ
Ĭһ£Ȼõġ˵꣬ѡ˼ˡȻ󲻷һĿŰõ
õտʼûע⣬Խɺӵʱѯʵôˣ
һȻֱӵϲ𣿡
΢΢һ£ȻתƵطŻţôܡ˶٣ֱӺͺӵġ
Ľ֪ͣ˻ûš
û˵һ
ȫ̬̿ȣóһۣǾƭԼΪʲôǾǴ𰸡ţ߱㿴ڵλˡһˣÿ϶Ÿ˵ı飬֪ôģͻȻЩۣҪЩͨͨٵ뷨ûа֮Ժ󣬷ʼſԡ
õסˣ㺰һûл񣬱һͱʶĸ˹ȥ
õʶľһ䣬Ϊ·ԲôۣЩί
Ż񣬱ǸĿû°ɡ
õҡҡͷû¡ȻĿʵʲô
Цţûʲô˶٣԰ɡ
õ˿û˵ʲôˡ


 65 

, ݹԹǻ², ֻӸֳת, ʼڸֹݡ
԰, ݲ಻ÿݵķ񶼲ͬ
ݹԹԺҲһ㶼¡һĵ, ˵ౣһǼЩ࣬ڹ֮ŵҲţ˵ݹԹԡ
￴£Ϊһ͸ˡ౶Ȳ
СֻĴˣȥĹݣ˽ȥ
ݹԹһһųౣǰߡϺȸ󣬶
һ˿ʼ, ʱʱֵװֵĹԱݹԹһҲ¡
Ȼ£ֹס, һ·󣬲Һµסֱ֡ꡣ
ȻЩΣ˼˳ȥ, ֻ
һĻͷĳ￴ˡݹԹԣͻȻһ뷨Ƴϣֻð뷨
ܿ죬Ǿʹӹһ౾ֲ֧ĿЦùãҲ̫ûϢˡ˵ŻЦš
˲죬ݺݵصһۣȻӱͰ͵飬˼˵ţԲ·һġ
Цһµû£ؼһ¾С˵꣬㿴ݹԹԣԹԣȥ̰ɡû׼Ƕˡ
ݹԹȻЩ룬ǵͷá˵ţ˱ڵλȥˡ
ȴ֣ߺ󣬻ֻ֮͡õߣ˵ʲô
ݹԹæ˹ȥ̣Ǻܿ˵̣ôⰡ
̼̬Щ㿴˿ûʣǿڻţС˵ˣЪϢһ
ݹԹô˵˽ĵͷ˵ˡ
ʱڵ֡裬һȥӰɡ
󣬱ֱӾܾŲҪ
ݹԹԼô˵ƵţΪʲô
̼ʣ͵˵ţ̿ɲϲֺڰĵطһСʱ
ͷʾˡȻ룬ȥϷɡ
ɻĿϷ
ǰ
̼ͷЦ˵֪ʲôϷ𣬾Ҫȥ˵ţЦ
ݹԹȴ˵ţҵȻ֪˵ţͿڳһ䡣Ȼôߣζȴеġ
̾ȵĿţôس
Щ˵ţҿ˼ҳ
̼ôɰЦҲЦ⡣
ʱõԱߣ޹ؽҪˡȻҲǡ
õһˣ׾͸о֮Ҹ
õ̲סҧϣţԼ
ߣڳϵ˶ˡÿ϶һ˿
鿴ŰõƵ룺ŮôһҽǸĺţҲʳˣλС㣬㻹𣿡
õع񣬲ԣͷ̧ͷʱһӣߵ߰ɡ
һۣŵͷšһȻ΢΢ͷ˱뿪ˡ
뿪̿˿ʱ䣬ҲˣؼҰɡ˵꣬㿴ǣС飬ǻȥ
鿴˿á
Ҫھܾȴһ˵ţõģлл̡
̿ĵ˵֮󣬱ظˡ
Һ̵ż˵棬ʵϣǰСô£꣬һԱߵȡ
ĻصϤ
̿ô˵ҲţֿһڸСݹԹԣ˵š
˹ȥ̣ôˣ
ֱţǲϲλС𣿡
ᶨĵͷǵġϲ
̼⸱ӣǸеˣǿԸΪʲô𣿡
˿ϣȻҡҡͷԡ
ǿһϣȻĶݹԹԵǺðɣ̲ˣȥԷòã
á˵ţһ˱ȥԷˡȻȥϢˡ
ǻؼң·ϣЩΡҲԵЩѰ
ˣ٩ҵĳĲ𣿡
һʶҡͷûС˵ţʾԼġ
ЦҲЦնʱҲˡ
౿飬ʵŵľ˾ˣҹùô
ʻûиоʲôģţ֪
һ£ʲôش𡣵ûȿڣͱۼֿס죬һвˡֻʱѯʵ뷨
棬Ҳûڿڣһ·ĵҡ
³󣬿żʻλϵ飬˵лл㡣н鷳ˡ
Цһ£û£ǸϽȥɣҾˡ˵꣬Ϳ뿪ˡ
ߺ󣬲ߡ
౿Լ˼Ҳû˵ʲôǿٵܻ˼ҡ
ߣųͰõصĵط¥£õллһĺܿġ
΢΢вһ˿Ц㿪ľͺá
õҲ֪ǲЩңһҲûĲԣȥؼˡ
ûеһʱתߣǿ߽ȥһյ˺󣬲ſ뿪
·ϣŽ췢顣һؼҾͻῴТĻ棬еһģֱ˼ҾƵ꣬סˡ
Ƶͳֻŵ绰绰ֱͨӷԸţȥҵһݼҵҪ˵꣬ûȶ淴Ӧ͹Ҷ˵绰
绰ҶϺڴϣŽԴݼһ˳ֺ󣬰õͿʼĲɡԼ⣬Ҳˡţ̲סҧšϡ֡
ҵİõʲôҲûɣֱɳϣҪ绰ȴסˡ
ΪǸСʱϡһ룬סˡ黹ƽ̲סԹΪʲôҪԼȥ԰档


 66 

õһϵշת, ڰϡһ, Ͷһû˯ƣ, ȥҸ
˺, ŸҴ绰
绰ְֽܿͨӵġ
õ˵ţã԰ҽһ𣿡
ְ, ţǣ
ʦ
ְ˵Եȡ˵꣬Ӻȥˡ
ܿ¥˵绰
õһ˻ˣҲһ棬ɼٵСҺĽ𣿡
ôʣעһԵĸĸûпԼŻţȻġ
õżᶨһ, ȴǸоЩԾѯ𣿡
ʻϸһ, ӦݹԹȥ԰棬Ȼõ顣ţҪ֪飬ûлش, ʵʦİ
õһ£ȻҾҸ
һ£û뵽ԼҸȥ㡣˵ţҶϵ绰ȻһԵ񸸣ְ֣ҳȥһ£ͻ
ͷҲû̧˵עⰲȫ
ͷɵĻţõġ˵꣬ͻ·ܳȥˡ
ĸȥ󣬿񸸵ʲôȥҪ߶ô졣
񸸲ƲһֳۣȥСô߶˵꣬ǲм˵ת¥ˡ
ĸһˣεڿ
˼ţܿͿ˰õǰȽϼٵЦݣʵʦôˣ
õҲ˵һЩҺõĻֱӼʵС𣿡꣬ͽĶ
⸱ӣ˲ԾЦݱʵô
õûлشԼǷţ㲻ͷ˵ţȱʲô𣿡˵ţ˫ַŵļϣʹҡһ¡
̲סüţۡ
õŲԼЩףæſ˵˼ҵЩá
ԼոձץĵطȻ˳ӵĻһ£ʵҲǴӼҳǵʷܿ죬뵽ˣţһΡԼȥ԰ˣǡȻݹԹԾһˡ
õĻֺ췢Ӧһ£Ȼü԰첢ϴݹԹģȫġҲԼȥģȥġ˵ͿʼصţŴ￪ʼԵġ
ô˵ҲЩȣû뵽ԼĻֱıˡΪʲô֣ǾһҲıˡɫһĿԼٵʵʦϴμǸ˭иո˵˭
ţһˣѰ
˵󣬱ʦҵûλѵĳ֡˶٣һҲǣһҲǡ
õһ£ͻȻ뵽ÿܻĳ֣ô£ѵʹԼమ˵Ǹˣ
ţʼԼԴʶԼϵమ·ԽĲˡԽԽþԼԽԽԶ
Լ˼Ҳʼõʷֻܹ֮·
һϵһ顣
ڶ԰ˣ
ϼŵ
ļȷݡ
˵ǽˡ
ǰѾˣҲûж԰õκεĺøСһҪమú󣬱㿴һԵİõҲ飬ֱ˵ʦҺһΡ
õʲôΣ
װϸһ£뵽ţȥϼϰ࣬ϳϦദ˵ţͷʾ
õ˵ģЩɡΪԼԼ˽ģԼӦýȥϡô˵ЩˡĬһС򣬿ȥɡȻ㸸ĸõˡ
ô˵ãҾȻȥˡ˵꣬תؼˡ
õؼҺҲûæҸϣǾ̵šȥϵĿԣԶĿԡԶĻղһЩˡ
˰죬ǾԶôҲƻԼĺ¡ú󣬱һɡ
صҺ󣬿ʼϼŵְϡȻ֣һְλȱˡǸְλܵǣȻ߹
⣬ͻȻĵЦٴȷԼѡ֮ˡǰĻɣѾʧˡ
ֱӰԼļȥľͲˡΪѾȷԼԽȥӹɵġҲʧˡ
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ĵЩĵĴڷѾ˺ü죬ûоҪҪҴֻҵƬȥ绰
绰ܿͽͨˣڵĸףʲô𣿡
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ĵȴɲŲæȴЩ̹Լ뿪㡣˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
۫ĸףԼҲæ°Աʲô⡣


 67 

۫Ҵɳ, һ, ĺ
Ҵ˺, εĿ۫, Сְֶ۫Բ㰡
۫˵, ˵ʲôء˵ġ
󣬲ûкܣӺڵ˵ţҲΪְְ˵ţص̾һ
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Ҵ￴̾һǻǶʮǰջʱҸҸӡڼ̥ȥ˶, ʼˣΪҪ˾Ծڼ裬Ҳҵ, ҡ
һγȥ棬ʶĵҲǸոǸŮˡĵʱǸջعΪСڹⳤ, ԶܸȤ
ҲǻáϲҪһһŮ˵ţ㲻ɵսȭͷ
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ҲûбֳסڼʱҲԽԽ࣬ദҲԽԽãͬãʱĹȥ
תۣҪʱ򡣲ҵſʼ
ĵʼŸַʽұﰮ⡣ʱ֪ϲҡҲûŸַ׽һ̲ס衣֪ǿһۣȻͶĵ˵뿪
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ʱõڲμһᡣҪ⣬ϵŮ飬߲Ů顣
***
ϵҺ󣬾ͿѾݹԹԣʵѧУôûͬѧ۸㰡
ݹԹԿûСǶദһѧˣǶʶ۸ҵġ˵ţѾߵߣסֱۣʼҡš
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ݹԹУͣųѧУȥ
ѧУԼλϡ˵ˣͬౣĺҲǳ
£౾ʹյĶߣʼԼȤ顣˵˵ţӰͳһźָźϵż˵㿴˧˧
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౼㿪ʼ˵Լ֪ϣĽ壬һ³ģأʮˣҾͲ֪ˡֻ֪Щ
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ĳһֱڿЩݹԹԣִ˴ౣСѺҿ
౶˵Ҫ˵꣬ٵ
ЩĿջԺ㳭ҵ
ĻȴԿûбջ
Ժųȥ棬͡
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ݹԹһ£ȻæҡͷãֻЩ粻ˡ
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ѺԼȥߣĶԼԼҩҩˣǻϣԱԭӡ
ֻԼϵͳͰԼˣ飬Լ֪ˡԼôϵͳҲԼ
˭룬ԼȻԿһʱһĻһˡ
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ݹԹЦһ£װɵ˵ûаȻֿһԵϣְ֣츨ҵɡ
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ݹԹԿųԼǰˣԽԽˡֱһˡ
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ݹԹûвһŵ뷨ڼ㡣
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ݹԹԿԼԽԽ಻סؿΪҪԼ˵ʵ׼ȥԼĸҡԼ
ûһֻ˶ݹԹ˵ڶ, ʵϲ֪ǵڼ׵·˳ҷոյȫһ
ٴߵͷǰһСʱ, ųƬ
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˷䣬Լͳһϡ򿪿ԽԽúЦֱӰǷ
ǷϣдĺȻǸոҴ˵ЩҴﻹ˵ĲȫΪдĶЩ֮Ĺ
ʵ͵ˣһֱΪĸ׵Դûв
ǵһΣҲһΣĸ׵ĸ飬ѾȫʧˣµֻʣѪԵĹϵ
ţļɢҵϣ
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칫ڣݹԹԺѾԺˡݹԹԱ㿴ϵְ֣Ȼؼˡ
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½ʿô˵֪Լˣһá˵꣬ʵϰ壬ô°
ҡҡͷҲȥɡ
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Լڰ칫ңĿμء


 69 

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뷨Ҳһ˲صԼλϣôҲʼһЩ͵顣дţǿǱˡ˵㱾в
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ݹԹԼֵֹģҲһۣ֮תˡ
һԵȻԼ뷨һֱڿߣ͵͵ЦЦ󣬱㿴ݹԹԵԹԣʼǱɲ͸ҡ˵ţգ۾
ݹԹԺЦĿͷԡּ֮˵ţҪĽд¸ҵǸ˺
æͷȻԡ˵ţ򿪱ʼǱҪ˺ҳ˺˰죬ǲ붯֡㿴ݹԹԵԼ˺ɣ²ȥ֡
ݹԹԺЦҡҡͷùʼǱ˺Ȼļӽ
￴һĻ۾һ£ʲôҲû˵
Զǣ۾ߺ޵ȴţĽ˭ǵһûνĽֹţڱд
ɣʱͬд֣Щϲ˵ţҲϲĽ尡
һ£Ȼͷϵǰһ˵ǵġͬͿʼϲ˵ŹĽ顣
벻֪ˡͬԼչʾĺﾪһ£ôҲû뵽Ľô˧еġ
˿Ȼ£׼Ľ磬ӽûϿˡ
ֻʱͣ¶ʼˡ֪ǲǼˣ֮ʱÿԼҪȥ˵ʱҪԼҪǣ
һȥˡ
ǣ緹ʱ䣬˵ϻջû˵ϻΪõˡ
ֻõߵʳã򣬱㺰Сһ¡
ЩĿΪδֻߵߵ̣ʲô𣿡
õ˿ΧĻҳȥ˵꣬˳ȥҲæϡ
һĻݹԹǿˡֻ౿ǣʦʲô
ݹԹҡҡͷҲƵĻţҲ֪
౼ô˵ҲеȣǼ˵ţˣôټʦȻĵطܹѧУôôʱû
ݹԹĻ˴̣ţѾˡ
౲Ŀʲô˼
ЩĻţѾ﹤ˡ
౴һ£ʵô֪İ
С˵ţΪҰְ﹤
౾ȵĿʲô
С㡣˵ţ˿ΧѾߡ
һҲСҲڼ˵ʦְֵĹ˾ϰࣿ
ɥĻţǰ
౻Щŵ˵ţôܰȻ˵ţҲݹԹûƭԼ׼ѯʾ󡣾ͼĿһۣԷ².𣿡
౿úóķҡ˵꣬ŷӦԼ졣Ȼ߱㿴ݹԹԣȻͼϵĲˣһ£̲סԼε˵ţ԰ɡҶˡ˵ţͿʼһĳʲôҲ˵ˡ
ݹԹԼ̻ʵĳæԣԻء
౵ͷʾ֪ˡȻѾˣһ
౳ԳˡԲԲĶӣ̲סȤҿ׼Сϳ
ݹԹһ̲סЦ
౺ͳЦˣ˻ص˽ңͼѾ˽黹Щ֡
ʲôùµˣصԼλϡ
ݹԹԿҵĶѾˡ
ﻹûػ౾Ϳţ𣿡ǵóһۣҲ壬ϾԼĴѾˡ
ЦŻţǰҸҰְǣѾһˡ
˵ţְǾô
ĵЦصҰְ˵ܺá
౵ͷȻ㿴ΪͬҲҵӳʱ򿴰ɡ
ݹԹЦȻİԭ׼ùģѵԾûдٴ㡣
ȻЩʧ䣬Ҳֻͷá
ݹԹԸ˵󣬱㿴磬һؼˣ͹ȥ
Цͷá
౿Щĳһ
Զֵ˵ŻǼˡ
ŸոգõԼгȥѯʹϵ¡Ϊ˵ûк󣬰õȻûɫҲǺܺÿ뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰͻȻеɻϱôһģΪʲôһҪԼ
⣬ͻȻ˻֣̿ʲôɿص鷢ˡʲôȴ֪
֮ûʲôθڵĻص˽ҡûãͿЦ߽ǿŲݹԹԷ𣬾
ҲûʲôȥĽ壬ֻܵǲڵſˡſˣȴǿǵ
޿̵վǺܲС㣬û˯𣿡
ݹԹһ¡ͼ౿׼£æסǲԡ
Ļûп˵ˡ
СˣſˡҲ̹ࡣ


 70 

ת۵˷ѧʱ, ݹԹ׼ʰ뿪ǰűǸ˵ţ粻˼, ҵЩ, ĺܶԲ𡣡˵, ǾϹ
ݹԹһ£Ȼæ˵ţûϵҲǵ̫ˡ
˵, վҲеܱǸ
౲ĿȻ˵˿ݹԹԵԹԣ߰ɡ˵ţȥ
ݹԹԳҡҡͷȻ΢΢ͷˡҲæϡ
߳Һ౿ݹԹԵԹԣû¡
ݹԹԿһۣ, Сȥùá
౵ͷתŰ칫ȥ
ݹԹԺͳ˲ţ￴, һֱȥҰɡ
һ£Ȼͷð
Ӧ£бЦ⡣
˱Żؼҵĳ
ʱ, ӵĿϣ˵磬㿴ԹԵĶûУ
΢һ£Ȼʵôˣ
㵽׿û
Ͽżӣҡҡͷûп
˵ûпĬһ£Ȼ˵磬㿴˵ţԼƽǰҲָſһ顣еľȻûȴˡ
ϿֵӣȻû˵ʲô濴һСʱȥˡ꣬Ĭ˵ոջΪʲôȴ׹ˡ
鿴磬ô°
ԭǸǰڹ۲ĹĹȷе˵ǹĹǹĹ˺һֻèƽճ
ԼģԱó˹ԹԸԼĶԽԽúʶŷ֣ʱĹĹӵʽҲһģһ
ϳĬһ£Ȼƽ˵ţô
һ£Ծ˵磬ʱ˵ĹĹ𣿶һӡ˵ţӳֵĻҳҷŴ
ϵͷǵð
ţǸôİ
ϵĻţʲôɺϰɡ
һɺϡоһģһǸĹҹĹһһģһ
ڿȻĬ˵ô£
һʣŪˣЩʧҡҡͷҲ˵ţɳϣͷ
ʱ
˺һϲſڵˣ㲻Ҫھˣ͵ɺϡ
˵ţǣȻǰ
Ͽ˵ţ飬ɺϡ
Ļ˲׹֪µģȴһЩɣܸˡһ֪ˡ˵꣬㻺һ
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ֿʼ߿ʱʱĿһϡ
εĿʲô
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һֱףתؼˡ
Һ󣬱㿴Ѿ˵ݹԹԣԱߵĳǳ¶һ΢ЦţðȻһԵĳͷ
￴ԽȻ̬ͬȣҲûиоʲôǳݹԹ˵˻תؼˡ
ݹԹԿϣְ֣ôô簡
һѰ𣬵ôˣѵְ𣿡
ҡҡͷţȻǡ˵ţְ֣ҷ£ҶѾ߳ˣСʱˡ
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ݹԹ룬ȥˡ
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ţ㿴
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һʱݹԹԱ¥ְ֣Էˡ
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ݹԹѧУԼӦ౵ĶݸΪְ˵ǸŴĲԲţԱûиá
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ݹԹĻЦһ¡ǿ̣ݹԹԸԼǱֹס
һĨЦɱ౿ˡ౻ɵĿ͵Цʲôأ
￴ȻܸЦЦˡ
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ݹԹԼôģ͵Цһ£ȻսС˵ţһ˳ĺĽ塣
һ㾪ϲĿѯʵ𣿡
ĵͷЦţġ
˵ģ㰧һԹԣ̫ˡΪʲôҪڸҰҺ뿴˵ţһͷ
ݹԹȴԵЩ޹ΪıⲢҪżҲҺãûϿΣȻʦԻûյġҪĿΣǾ͸ˣûգзվ
***
ϣϴЦ߽˾½ʿܺõϰ壬ҲôԵþн˵ţϰ壬ܸ˰
Ͽʼ԰ˣ֪Ź˾Ķʲô𣿡
½ʿԸҡҡͷ֪
˵֪Ц˵ţ֪Ѿģˡ
½ʿͻȻ֪΢ɼĺȦôˡţбЦ⣬Сġ
ޣӿĵ˵ţǡ
ҫϱӻ֣ȥæɡ
ͷ׼ת뿪ͻȻһ飬Ų
ϼ㿪ʵʲô𣿡
Ĭһ£Ȼ󿪿ڵõңʲôʱٸŮ顣
ϵЦȻ˵ôصģ
Ұܹȥˡ
ϵͷԺҪ˵һЩĻ
֪˵꣬ͼϻ˻֣˳ȥ
߽ţƿԴ͸õһع񣬿ʼˡ
ʱ⣬õҲǽϰ칫ҵſڣ۾ҲֱӴ͸ţڰ칫ϡ
½ʿѯʵ۹⿴ȴûпνѯʵ񣬾ˡ
ֱֲȥ˵ѯֻԼĿռ䡣
ǣ½ʿһֱԼλϽеļҲȥϵİ칫ҡ
ֻʱ뷨ʼ˼ɡʱص磬ΪԼǺȥǰѧУѯξ
˵ûСʱеܷҴҵ뿪ˣҲ֪ǲǿԼú󣬱ȥһˣһ
磬õǺñѧУȥûпǣһֱŵһˡ
רȥСӦðԵը֮ʳƷ
ѧУҲպ¿Ρ
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Щͷȴһĵӣȥ
ݹԹԿˣָе֣̲ס²ѵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ˵Ӧòǰɡ
ݹԹ˰죬Ҳ벻֮ʲôҲˡ˷ǽеġԴˡ
õҲݹԹԣ룬ǵԹͬѧ
ݹԹһ£û뵽ẰԼȥô˿ţֻȥҲȥ
ݹԹߵǰʵʦ𣿡
õ¶ЦݣһЩԵģҪҪһ԰
ҡҡͷţҼ˲ҳЩ
õһ£ȻǿЦ˵ǺðɡԹͬѧȥԷɡ
ͷõġ˵꣬౺ͳܿˡ
￴Լŵ֣Цһ¡Ȼ󲻾ĻһͷͿ˵жж񶾵ζɫ䣬ȴȴ
õߺ󣬱㿴ҸطЩɡ
ȴ˵˵ţá˵꣬˱ҵһλã
װζĳ
õС治˼Ϊ鲻ǺܺãǨŭˡ
ƵĿʲôȴ˵ţʶ࣬ǵøҵǸȻĻ
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Цŵͷ
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һ£ܿ뵽һ飬ֵҼǵðʦݹԹԵİְȥμᣬĺƯϵ˶㡣ݹԹԵİְҲе⡣
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ЩɥҡҡͷţҲ֪ûʾĲ֪ôܸ̬Ƶãȥô˽ݹԹԺ顣ʱҪ֪ڵһĻĻͷϸϸ˽һ
õô˵ȻЩʧ䣬ǳЦ˵û¡
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ݹԹƲƲ죬ǻˡ
һ£ȻôҲѯʡ
ǣЦЦûʲôֻҲϲѡ
˿Цݣû˵ʲôֻǰǸ˼ұ֡ˡ
ȥʳãܿͳˡȻݹԹԸæϻؽңҳݹԹԸḶ́ЦһµҶһˡȥˡ˵ţݹԹȥİ칫ҡ
Žȥѹ̲˽ȥ
ݹԹЩεĿౣǸ˽ȥ
һȥʲô
౿ЦùãҪæ
ϴζЦݣʲô£
뿴ӡһ˵꣬⵽ľܾԡ
Ҳûеʧ䣬ǰùãҿɡ˵ţһֻҡĸ첲һֻŹ̡
ֻЦһ£౸ҪΪԵʱ򣬾ͼЦžܾС
౶ʱЩʧһֻȻǹ̡ţ˵ţù
ˣ˫ְں棬ʲôû˵꣬Ҫߡ
в˵ౣҪǲҸҸ磬͹ԹԵĸù
ĻⲽôҲҲվԭء
ݹԹԿţǰ͸ʦɡȷѧˣʦ㡣
ֻò鲻ԸĵͷȻİѹ̵˹ȥߵݱ˵ţѧؼҵʱ򣬹ùǵøҡ
ͷԡ˵꣬ӹṇ̀ȻౣǴģʲô㲻Ծţʲôʮ..Ķɡ뵽æҡͷ²ԼʲôأǲŶ󰡡뷨Ҳֻһ˲
ֻݹԹЩ˼˵ţҴġ
˵ģĿڵԹͬѧΪʲôҪ
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ݹԹԵͷ뿪ˡ
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ȴ̧ͷǣһأôĹȥ˵ţЩĶ˶š
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ݹԹԿЦһ£͵͵һܡ
һյߣʵʲôʲô˵ţߴ
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΢΢һ£ȻҲЦ׷ȥţԹԣˣҡ
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ٴӸһſˢſ
лл塣˵꣬ɵ뿪ˡ߳ȥ󣬱㿴λϵģԼոոٹİõȻɫ뿪ˡ
ЩĿ뿪ıӰȻһ¼һ¡ʼ˼ţô¡
˰죬û㿪ʼһԸոһݹϣܿ쿴ˣȻ½ʿ˽ʵûʲô
½ʿǻһ£ȻܿţûСǵһֱҪǺֻΪǲƷͣԾûгɡ
ţ˵ͷȥɡ
½ʿתȥˡ
ֿʼǷϣһõӴһϡţΪҲμˣҲˡû뵽ǳϣ¡
֪ǣûǳᣬҲϰõֻʱ䲻ͬԭѡ
Ͽ˰죬ûпʲôͬҪ˵ΨһͬǣǾǸտʼźܲԸڣȴھֺšı䣬˲⡣
˰죬ûʲôͷƾһ㣬ǲģֻðЩϷŵһԣʱˡ


 71 

õŸոճȥǸ, Щ, һɵ, ô, ţ㿴һԼ飬ʵոǸ˭
Աߵעʱһ, ȻŻţҲ֪ش꣬װһæµӡ
õĻشֿ˿ĶǲԼüû˵ʲô
ǿʼ˼˵һᣬ׻ʲôʱűһ󼤶ȴȫȻˣпܣ˵ǳᣬѾڲǰˡ
ʵ𣿻شǣȻǳᣬϲûжø, ǳᡣֱӰµǳᡣ
ֻڻ뵽ڴѾˡڵϾ޵һ̡
ѧУѧ౿, Ȳ˵ţùãѹ̸ҡȻǿؼҡ
Щ˼õġ˵, ѹ̵ݸʱʱĹ۲Լ򿪿
ҵǣ౲ûпһĴߴ
һ˱ȥ
˼ңֱܵڿ￴ӵ̵̡̣ͬѧһҪѵøҰѡ
̳Ŀá˵꣬ϵңݸȻֿţ˭İʲô
౱Ū߻ţǹԹԴľ顣ҲǺʲô
ʱʶ˵ţǱȽĶһش꣬һ£ȻˡȻ߱㿴һѾԼౡ
ֻƤЦⲻЦĿùãô֪Ķ
װɵѵһ͵𣿡
౿䡰ߡһȻֱӿ̣˵˼ġСܡ˵̵ָֻ꣬˵ͽ
౿Цһµ˭Ҳڵʱ򣬿ҵĶ
˵Щʲô̿ϲ֪ʲôʱõļëӣã߿ʵС˵𣿡
裬鶼ѾȥˡǾͲҪˡǸúᵱ㿴Źһΰɡ
ô˵֪ġžͲżëı˵ţҪС౸ңǲ׼һӰ
æţȻǣҲҰ
˵꣬˵ţ㲻ңҿգƤˡҡ
ֻܲϵĴӴܣⱻ򵽡Ȼӵʱ򣬻ʱʱĵһౡ
ЦĿǣȻ򿪵ӣ̣ɡ
Ҳˣ˵ţá˵꣬ѼëַŻԭλֻŻصʱ򣬻Ȼ˼£˼ţûꡣ
ԭҪˢΪƣԼȥϢˡ
ڿĿ
һСʱȥˣ趼ˣǻĿţֱ󣬲תߡ౿ڿţð
һԸţͦġ迴ʲô
һǰʼ˵Ѵһܺÿ
ĸЦһ£ʵͬѧ갡ͻ
Ļţһ󡣡
ĸ΢΢һ£ŴȤ˵˼ҶˡСʲô
һ£Ȼͷ룬ŻţǰְСްůǡ
⻰һڣϾβסЦ⡣軹˵ͷС
ಢ۵Ķͷٺ١Ц
ֿ̣裬ܺÿ𣿡
̵ͷǰҶҪһֻСè
һ˵꣬Ҳæ˵ţҲһֻġ
ֺӺˣ㿪ڵҿ뿴ʲôġ˵ţһ˱ɳϣ
οһţĽ嶯׳ֵŵġ
۶գĿǰĽ嶯׵Ǹ˺ܲңЩۡҲͬ뷨
һСʱȥˡˡǲſꡣ
ЩĿôǲֻһè
ͷţǡһֻһġ
ȴ˼ţոյӰЩĿԡˣ˽ܣ֡౵İְ֣һλԱ
౼û˵㿪ţְ֣ô˰죬ȴûзӦ
Щֱ˵Ļصѹһع󣬱˵ţְ֣ô
һ£Ȼϣſʲôôˣ
ô˵֪ëˡظһ飬㣬ǲҲһֻè
һ꣬־ҡͷ롣
һĿʲôţ۾ﻹЩŭ⡣
ȴûпĻţҪ֪ǸɵĳɲͻἫĸıǳе״УǸһĻѿڶ
ЩҲǸոӰóĽۡ
౿Ѿҩɾˡȥ
һˡһ£⵽౵ĺݺһߣȻͼܵߣ̣㿴ְ֡
ЩƣԼʲô
Цౣ˵ȥԷְ֡˵ţǣ֣ȥҲæˡ
ֿƲԼ˲е޹Ǽﾭᷢ飬ͼԭ˲һӣȥ
ҲϰΪЦЦ̼ûֵȥ
˳ӵĵͷȥˡ
ûһͷЩըëǸѵ˹
ŹУǵôͳͰ
ƤЦⲻЦĿԲԡ仰һãҶߵ˵磬ʢ
ֻû̾˵ţԼȥ𣿡
֮ٶԼȥʢ
౿ӣΪеĬ
迴ţЦСôˡ
ǿһ̣Ȼ̾һ֪ǰĴ¡˵ţֵһౡ
ǡĻ㿪˵ţ֪ȥְһ˵̲꣬סͺһ䣺磡
ֲĿôˣ
ʱֳҸȥ˵ļˣеܡáȻ⿴̣ͼûһճԷǶֻ֪Ǳ֮ǰƽ
ţʼٶȳԷһ꣬ҪԼķߡ
̵˵һ䣺ҳ꣬ġ
ʱˡƨ.ɵ¾ǳһѰ
ûһ̱˷Ȼֻº͵ĿౣСౣԺûУԺ˾ͻطҵȥ
ķ꣬ţԺˡȻһԵ¶һҰﲻ㣬Լรı֮󣬱ҴܻԼķˡ
뿪󣬲˲䰲׼⣬û˵ͼվ˵˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
໥˿Ȼһ衣ЩЦҲʼĪȻ㿪ʼϵꡣ
ٶš
ǰ׾͸оǵ飬Цһ£˵Ȼôǲȥܲٶȼӿһ¡˵꣬ٶȱָ̻
ߵ鷿Ҳ󡭡

̿ŵӻﲥŵģЩȵĿŴģ
Цţǵġ
˵ǵģͷ޵˵ź
ϴŽı飬˵ţҲġ
̿ҡͷЦЦ٩˵˼ģ˸ʲô
΢΢һЩ˼˵ţͬѧҵȻˡ˵ţվˣȻطȥˡ˵꣬վЩͬͬŵĻԼˡ
ţ̺һԹܼҵЦٶȱ
ص䣬ϵĺβԺ˵㣬ȴЦ⡣֮󣬱㿴顣
ݼ
һֵĳͣ̿ݹԹԣţʲôʱӳʱҸѽһ¡
˵꣬ҲţҲܽܡ
ݹԹԿĵЦһ£̣ġ
ȴҡҡͷ԰ڣſɲܲᡣ
ԹԵЦһ£Ȼðɡ˵ţӳʱǡ
֮Ǳ㿪ʼźۼȴԵǵѿʼܡҲе˼
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵ݹԹԵĶӳӡ
һ죬ǡĩ㿴ˣûпգǴյһ׼һȥӰԺ
ȥ˵ӰԺûǰĳƱ½ʿϹˣֱ׻ȴӰԺ
ǻûӰԺ֮ǰͻȻһ顣
ӰǰһѾվӰԺǰݹԹԸȥȡƱȡƱڣȴ½ʿඨһƱոе⡣ͼõһ˳Цſˡ
ݹԹһ£üʵô⣿
õҲһ£ȻĿЦ˵Լ½ʿ˵ңҶƱ˵ţֿݹԹԣ¶ɻôҲŮˡ
ûлػǴӶͳֱֻӴ½ʿ
绰һ˽ͨͨϲ˵½ʿʲô
½ʿһ£ô˵㿪ʵϰ壬˵ʲô
Ļ֪ʲôӰ쵽½ʿǿȷһ£½ʿļ𣿡
½ʿһ£Ȼɵ˵һ䣺аɡ
ϸ룬ȻһȷеĴ𰸡
½ʿһϸȻһ˵ţһʱļûСһ˵꣬ϱҶ˵绰
ϿŰõ½ʿЩϹ˵ġǸҵļһӰġ
õĻϵЦһŵ˵Цذɡ½ʿûвɡ
Ͽ˵оС˵꣬ŻвʲôݹԹԣȥˡ
õ˿ıӰҧҧȥôҲţϾȻ˵½ʿԼ½ʿΪϵĵɽôܳ
õǣȫǰõЩԾû뵽ȫҶˡ
ǣҲֹֻһֻ³ű㼸ǰϴԹı飬ϣô
˵꣬ǵߣֻ̿һۣȻϣϣô£
϶ʱеΣȻ̽͵裬о񲡣
ǿһۣȻҲͬϵػİõֻɫѿ˵ϣ˵˭أԼҹ˵в
ۿһۣѵ˵֢
õô˵۽ϣôô˵ҡ
̿ǣȣȥ̸̸ǾȽȥӰˡ
һ£á̾һƱݸǣƱ
̵Ľӹúô˵꣬ݹԹԵ߰ɣš
ݹԹЩµĿϣǡ
ϿЦ˵û£ǽȥɡ
ݹԹԿȻȥǵͷáǵڳڵʱľ
ݹԹ̵֣˽ȥ
߽ȥϿõ˵߰ɡط˵˵ţȵ֣ȥ
ȿԼŵ֣򣬾ȥ
õҧȥ
˽ϿŰõֱӵ˵õ½ʿʱԴѣԲŻ˵ġ
õ˵ţܡ
ϿôŻš
õʻĬ
£ȿϣô°
Ͽ򵥵Ľһ
󣬱Ǻ½ʿ˵һ²ˡ
Ͽõô
õͷ˵ԡ˵꣬˵ţֻ㲻ܸ˵ģֻܺ
ûлػǲŵ绰һ㿪ᡣ
½ʿܿͽ˵绰绰һֵͨ˵ţϰ壬㲻ǸϷһȥӰôִ绰
һˡ
ȥģ
ӰԺ˵ţѶλȻ͹Ҷ˵绰
Ůˣ½ʿĻһɫÿࣻһɫǸѿˡ
һ½ʿҴҸϵ˿ǣߵѯʵϰ壬𣿡
ϻû˵õվ˳˵ţ½ʿǲǸ˵ҿӰ
½ʿһ£Ȼ֪ոϰΪʲôܻˡæţҲ֪Ϊľ񲢲ôá
õ˵ģôܡ
½ʿ̾һģȥҽԺ飬Ȼҽ˵еڶ˸񣬶Ǹ˸ȽϵƤңһҵĵڶ˸񲻽˵һΣһΣǴͻȻ˵ҪȥϰŮ飬Ҳҵĵڶ˸Ūġ
õסˣ˵ˡΪ١뷴ͼѾóֻᣬչʾһƬ㿴ҵĲ
õֻĿȻȷ٣ӦûҪ١סҲɵˣû˵


 72 

ϿŻԼ˼İõ, ˵֪˰ɡ֪뿪ɡ˵, ǣȵ, תŵӰԺȥ
õҲûüӦ, Ϊ顣½ʿ룬վһԣŰõӦ
һ, õعתܡ½ʿ˿æ׷ȥ
ͼֱȥѧУҺСѧУ½ʿһ£ȻӦȥСС飬һ룬ССϢЩƣΪʲôȥѧУ
ֻ߽ѧУܽһңûˣԼԴ, ִҴҵ뿪һǰȥ
½ʿһƬסլ, ͼʹĴһӣȻ󻹴ţҳ
½ʿһ£һǺηʥ, ܿ뵽ˣССͬѧװõΪʲôҪ
һ󣬾ͼһλķ˳¶͵˵ţ˭ǼСʲô𣿡
õµг
ķǴһ£ȻŻţС㲻ڡ
һʵȥˣ
ķ֪˵꣬š
õ̬ȣ򣬱һԣ
ڣķó绰ȥ
绰ͨķ𾴵˵ţС㣬㡣
˭
ķŻţһŮˣҲʶ
һ£֪˭ˣһϻȥ
õģС㡣˵꣬绰Ҷˡ
ţķߵűߣվһԵİõС˵һŰɡ˵ְ꣬Źˡ
õվ
½ʿ˿Ȼߵһԣ绰Ŵȥ
绰һŽͨһͨ㿪ڵϰ壬õͻȻҡ
һ룬ȵ鷢ˣֻ洫˵ţõ˭
½ʿʱסˣϰ壬ôˣ
üԼԵˣҲɻӡˣ.Ҽҡ˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰
½ʿ˿ڵŵİõҲˡڱȽϵĵԼϰôˡ
ʱϿԼԱߵȣȻ˵ţȣô⣿
һ£˵ʲôأ
üѵ㣬ΪʲôԱߡ㲻ǲϲ𡣲׼𣿡
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ϼˣ˵ˡ
ȿڵϣ֪𣿡
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ȳĬһȻ͵𶯣ҳȥ绰˵ţתȥˡ
һ̡үүݹԹæ˹
Ŀȣô£
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ݹԹԿŲ֪ô˵İְ֣ĸеǻֻ֣̿ܽˡ߻ʱʱĿϡ
ϲߣϱ㲻ɵóЦһ¡Ϊ͸еů
ݹԹԿЦݣͻȻҵƽȻŲ˶٣ɿ̵֣ߵԱߣ̽ǣ֡
Ҳû˵ʲôǣˡ
ݹԹԺ˶һÿ˶ȥ
ҺһڿЩֵĿԼңеϤЩİ㿪ڵ裬ʲôʱѼŪôܰˡ
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ôˣ˵ţͳֻ̲֮ס.ۡһ裬ֻôд2020԰Ҳҵֻ
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½ʿͷţǵġ˵ţְѼϵ˹ȥ
̺үүĿ
һ˲ŰǷ£ͷţүү½ʿڵԴ˾𣿡
½ʿһ£Ȼҡͷԡ
үү˵ԣֳ̾һ鶼Ҵɡ˵꣬˵ţˣȥ˾ɡ
½ʿͷõġ˵꣬ϱ˵ıݹԹ˹߹󣬻˵ţ֣㿴ţôˡ
Цôѵ㻹һӶСӡ
ϴȤ˵ţҲδɡ˵ֺ꣬ǺǵЦ
Цҡҡͷ
үү״½ʿϾס°ɡ
½ʿͷõġ
ϿݹԹԣС˵ţǳȥ棬ô
ݹԹһɥҡҡͷС
˵ţΪʲôΪʲôܸҳȥ氡
ɥ͵Ҫȥѧ
Ͼȵ˵ţѧ㲻ǲš˵һˡ
ڳ˶仰
Ӻ󣬷ˣҪιݹԹԣǿѾÿӣǸ뷨ֻЩʧ䡣
˿ˣҲûκΰ취
ܿ죬һٷڰгˡϢʱϿ̵裬סİ
ƲһֿۣһۣŻţ鷿
Ŷһȥ鷿ˡ
ҧһת˷䡣Ҳûᡣ


 73 

ʱص, õλáſڵһСʱ, С˻
õҲѾƽ, õĿ, ȷζ׼ȷ𣿡ţϵı, Źһ˿һ
һҲĻţȻ
õô˵ϵıû˿Ļţüͷ۾ǽ
㿪ڵʦô
ʻϵı飬ͻȻ뵽зˡ򡪡һδС˵δγɣԼӦ֪, ǸܣܸԼֻԼĸĸȻֱԼΪʲô
Ψһԭ, Ҳֻڲ߻ʲô˵ԼõʲôôȻû˵ֻǿԼ̫СһһĸԼԼΪϵšȻԼΪϵӺ, Լ϶лģʱĿҲȻȻĴﵽˡ
ţɫһݣʼϸ֪СС;ͶЩڱٻ˵ǡԭ
Լʦôˣ
õͻȻ˵һԼǰ飬Ǽһãӣ֪֪ҲȷĲֻ֪ε̫ˡһʱԼĲٿء
ڵˣҵ򡣲˽˴ᷴʡԼ飬ֻһƵ˵ϡ
ֵֹģʦ㵽ôˣ
õֿһſڵûʲô˶٣ּˣһ飬ˡ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ת뿪ıӰΪʲôҲû뵽תȥˡ
õ뿪Һ󣬱ֱӻؼˡҺڴϣŽ飬ֱ
ģ˯˹ȥͻȻһ
õΧããģ̲ס𣿡
䣬һŮ˿ڻţ⡣
õһȥӽǸŮˡõųԼǰŻͷʹڵˣʵ˭
Ů˳ݸһЦȻ󿪿ڻţ˭ҪҪҪʲô
õɻ˵ʲô˼
Ů˵ţ˼ǣ벻Ҫ޸ϡ
õĻͷŽ϶Լ̬ȣᶨҡҡͷ
Ů˼ҡͷһ£㲻޸𣿡
õٴμᶨҡҡͷ롣
Ů˼ţϻãҲ𣿡
õɼᶨ˵ţ롣
Ů˶ʱЩյ˵ţѾһ飬Ͼпܰ.ˡ
õʵʲô£
ŮҲûֱ˵ţʧˡ
õһЦ˭Ūʧ䡣˵ţ
Ů˶ЦԼҲ˵ţġ˵꣬ȥĻ֡
õЩ첻ɵŴĿǣȻ͵ؿŮˣ˭
ŮЦһ£ûлشʻ˵ţĲҪ޸𣿡
õεûеһʱش𣬶һżᶨĻţҪŮ˸Ҫ˵ͼõ˵ţҪңҲ԰ΡҪ
ŮдȤζĿ滵ϲţǾͰ˵ɡ
õЦһ£ʣĿ𣿡
Ůû˵ֻ΢΢Ļ˻֣ټ˵꣬ʧˡ
õҲ˿ΧĻʵξǲΣҪȥűãȥ
ݼ
һ˯Ȼѣ죬һȻϴһñһзϺ󣬱¥ˡ
¥£¥ŵүүǣûмţ㿪ʵأ
Ʋһۣƽһװ磬Ц⣬˵ȥѧУˡɲĳ档
ĻҲ˵ţȥ͡ǳ𣿡
Ƕûлشֻ½ʿӵĻţѾԹˡ
ϵͷڲϣ߳Ա˵ţ裬ҵñôװһЩɫɫģſ˵ţԼ㶶һ¡Ȼûǻش𣬾Ϳүүڣʵ֣ôûȥ˾
үүûƲһۣⲻڵ
ĿҸʲô
½ʿվ˵ţΪϵϰ塣үѾˡ
ţסˣһ˵ôܡүôôôˡҪǣôܽ˾˵ţһЦ
½ʿҲûзǾЦſ
ϵЦҲҲסˣ͵վɣ
½ʿЦӯӯѾϱ˼ֻʾ֡ġ
ͷôô֪˵ţַͷ
үүϣ㿴ʲô
Ͽɥ֣ԼȥɣҶЩġ
̿⸱ӣүүȴڵ㣬ȥһװ
϶ʱ޿̯ɳϣһ״ı飬Ҫ
үүǲҰǾþòõĹù
һʶĻţþòãǰšû˵꣬ͣ
Ҳһ£ΪǶס
үүЭ˵ţˣûװȥ˾Ҫͺá
ĬĬվ𣬵֪ˡ
ǰϳȥ
ٴοųķ羰һﲻ
үү̾һ
ûã㵽ϡϿǰĸ¥ãЩԾ˵ۼҵ𣿡
үү˵ţۼҰ
һ㹷ȵ˵ţ֣
үүûĿһۣȻǰˡֻлЦ⡣
ϿЩô½ʿĬĬǰ˵ϣĽࡣ
һ㾪ȵ˵ţ𣿡
½ʿͷ㡣
󣬱㿴˿ǰĴãû˵ʲôĸȥ
һ̤Ϻ󣬾ͿֻҪˣ߷ߵͷţܡ
Ҳֻ¶Цݵĳǵͷ֪ǣһٶ¥Աסˡ
½ʿȻ뵽ˣǲûЦΪûʧȥԱеᡣǸıԱĺʱ
һ·Ц˶¥ڵֱжЦһ࣬Թ˵۰
үүĴЦ⡣½ʿҲˡ
ûпǵı飬˵ţǰҲ𣿡
½ʿЦţǡ
ϴһ£һ˲׹Լ½ʿˡţϾͺ½ʿϣ½ʿǲ˵ţ
һ룬ſˡһĻֱӳеģֱóֻǡţȻµֻܺá
ϿεһĻ½ʿڨڨЦһ¡
үү˿˳ȥ
½ʿҲæϣҲƵĸˣȻܵոǸƬԣܲɾƬ
˼˵Ҳţԡ
϶ʱЩɾ˰ɡ㿴Ҳûá
ҡҡͷ
̾һתذ칫ˡֻʱһĿĶԼ㿴˹ȥһλʶŮʿЦһ£߽칫ҡ
λŮʿ˵֪ǰõֻõȵĵͷϲ룺ʧˣ
칫ڣϿϵСƻһЩżЦ˵֣ʲôʱôͯˡ
һ˵꣬½ʿվ˵ţϣİ칫ҡҧһ¡ġ֡
󣬶ʱЦˡĿѯţʧǰôͯ𣿡
½ʿٴνţǣССʱŪá
һˣͷ治̹ոյȻͬ
½ʿҲûʲôλŮĸ˵ǰе顣
үүһȻ˵½ʿһ⼸顣
½ʿ˵ģõġ˵꣬˳ȥûһ󣬱һļ˹
ϿЩ̲ס˵ЩҪ𣿡
½ʿͷǵġ
ϿЩȻ˵ͻȻ뵽Ҿˡ˵ţҪߡ
ӻûүүһŭȵϡ˵꣬ΪɤӲ˼
վסЭ˵ţ˺ˣҲˡ
½ʿ㽲ɡ
½ʿͷʼʱ䵽磬ûнꡣ
Ͽ˿Щƣүү㿪ںͣϢһ˵ţһˮݸ½ʿһˮݸүүﻹ٩ţ֣ūҶˣҶûиоۣ㾹Ȼˡ
ԭ׼˵үүô˵ЦϽһָ䣬Ҳôˡ
̾һҲܾİ
½ʿţ˵ȥɡ
˰֣㡣ҹһ͸ˡ
үүЦ⣬ĸţӦ·ˡ
Ͽ̲ס˵ţ˺ˣϷ޵ģ԰ʲô
үүЦһۣҲ˵ˡ˵ʱѾŷߡ
̿Źܼ׼ķˣ˵һȥɡ
ܼӦ£õġ˵ţ˱ųȥ
ϿүүͻȻ˵ţ֣ûиΪʲô
үүţһۣô֪Ҫ鶼֪Ŀ
ûЦ˼Ϊʲô
½ʿȴ˵֪Ϊʲô
ʵΪʲôүүҲĿ
½ʿϸһ£Ȼſڻţ˵ĸײΣʱǧǲ÷飬ԵʱͬˡҲͬˡǺ˾û˵ĸҲˡҲͲ֮ˡ
ţͷ
½ʿĬһ£ŻţûУ㻹иԼ¡˵ţһԱɫôÿүү
үүԼˣʵʲôԼ£Ҳ
һʱҪʹ飻ڶڷҲСС㲻ãҲþˣӵ״̬ܸ˫ĸЩ顣˵꣬Ĭ
ţЦһ£֪˵ʲô
үүɫ˲ࡣҪ˵ʱֻűݺݵƿɫѿ˽
ϵĹܼʶĹš
̿ϣ˵飬顣
ϿæɳϣЩίĺ衣
̿ЩĻţ˵ţʲôôġôͬء˵ţɸֵĿһۡ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ҵʱôġ
̼˵ţôģǼʲô
ʱ½ʿٴο˵ţʵһ顭
̿ŭʲô£
ĻţϴӦԭġ
ʲôԭ򣿡
Ƿ˵ĸװһæϲžӦġ
ЩĻţʲôæ
үүºϸһ£һʱۣʱԷʱ򶼿˯šŽҽȱȽϺˡ
½ʿЩΪѣ˵
үү״㿪ڵˣ׷Ҳ޲Ѿˡ֪Ҳûð
̿ʱ˵㿴ۼϽܵʲôˣڵŮô
үүҲϾЩˡ
ϼǻģæվֺõ˵ţȳԷɣҶӶˡ
үү̿һۣжۣȳԷɡ˵ţܼұѷ˰ϡ
̿½ʿһԡ
½ʿҪֵãͼѾѿܾܾˡֻôӦ㿪ʼȥոյ顣
ܿ죬ͳˣ̿ϣƽ˵ţϣɡ
һ£ȻðɣϾѾˡ
̿ƽ˵Ŷĸʲô𣿾ͳϣֱӴֵ˵Ҫ飬һûУʲô˵ˣ㲻˵ţ˵˵㣬Ҫһ𣿡
ϳĬ˺һ˵ţһָԺ˵ɡ
ֱˮһҲָأһӾ͸һ𡣡
ü衣
̼Ҳ˵ʲôˣ̾һվ˵ˣȻؼˡҲؼҡȥš˵꣬ת뿪ˡܼҲæϡ
˲䷿䰲˶顣һϲſ½ʿɡ
½ʿͷá˵ţֿʼ
һͻȻ˸ꡱƣȻүү֣Ϣȥ
үүԺĽϢҡź󣬱½ʿɡʼŬļ½ʿ˵Щ
½ʿе壬Ҫ


 74 

ѧУ
ݹԹĲɵſ, ʱʱĿһʱ, ſѧ, ¥, ͷְְֻûѣԭҪȥ뻹Ƿˡѧˡ
ǵѧУ, ȴôҲƽŰְΪʲô
ķȻıԵ౺ĳ﷢ˡ
¶ĵĿ֪ôˡ
ֱӿţţôˣ
ݹԹҡҡͷ﷢һЩ£Щġ
ô˵֪Ǻ˵ļ򣬵ûϵҲǻд𡣡
ݸһЦĵͷ, šȻ౰οˣǼвˡ
ת۱㵽˷ѧʱݹԹѸվʰ, Ȼ౺ͳˡ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
û˵ʲôֻǶҲӿܿʰãæˡ
ֻһ, ѾݹԹԵӰˡ
ߣݹԹԺܿУſڣҪҳ˺˹ȥȻæܹȥ裬ôˣ
ȵ˶£㡣
ͷǿ߰ɡ˵ţųȥ
ȿ˿Ҳȥ
˱ϳˡأݹԹԿŲǺϤ·ҡͷȣ裬ȥģ
ȿһۣȻŻţȥүҡ
һ֪𣿡
Щɫȴƽ˵ţȻ֪
ġŶһȻһ裬ǻؼҰɣҽ첻ȥүҡ
ŭ⣬Ȼ˵ôΪƭ𣿡
æ˵ǣֻҪؼҿְ֡
ĽͣţѾ쵽ˡȥɡ˵ţݹԹ˵ٶȼӿڼҿȥ
˿Ҳû˵ʲôֻ鲢Ǻܺá
һߣﵽУſڣûпݹԹԵӰΪѾˡ׼ϳؼҡ
ûϳ㿴̴һĴ˿
ͻȻʲôȻ͵ڵλȥ
̿ڵǼأ
һ£Ȼŵ˵ûп𣿡
ɫһĻţûС
˵飺һ¿ξУſˣҳʱûпˡ
üͷһ壬Ĵ˿ûԼҪҵ˵Ӱ߽ѧУʼء
ûһ㿴ǱȽߵġɫЩѿǿһԵĳ˵űˡõġ
һ֪ˡ˵꣬Լҳ
̼ߺó绰ȣһ󣬲ûκ˽
ִ˼飬û˽Ը˾ҿȥ
ҺȴûпȺţüͷ壬ֿʼֱǻȻûнӵ绰
̵ŭ⡣
үүϿţվʵôˣ
̵һۣĺϱ֪ȥˡ
ʶ˵ţǸ绰
бһۣΪû𣿡
һҲЩżȥİ
үү룬ܼҸڼҴ绰
ܼҰѵ绰˹ȥ绰һŽͨͨүүʵڣźڲﰡ
Цһ£ôˣŲҪһ޶ѣ᲻ˡ
үүô˵֪ǣһȻֱӸ״˵ⲻȶû˵ֱȥѧУŽˣżˡ
ҲϾĺż
һ£Ȼ߿ȺôõţСû˵𣿡
үүֱ˵ţûаȻҲôż
ڳĬһ£Ȼ󿪿˵ţСˡ
үүεû˵ʲôֱӵˣҲͷˡϾɡˣȹ˰ɡ˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
ڿűҶϵĵ绰ŸոݵĻ˼ȻȵȣŴû𣿡
ֻһ£Ȼüͷ˵ˡ
үһûٴѯʵȷ
ȿ뵽ոսӵĵ绰ˣֱ̱ɳϣ㲻Ƕ֪𡣡
үһŭˣȣҾ𣿣
˿Ļţûа
ү⸱̬ȣˡһԵæվˣһС£Ȼû̫ףǻһ£㲻Ŀȡ
ʱݹԹקק䣬˾ˣҳûи𣿡
鿴Щ֪˵ʲôֻܡšһ˶٣˵ţֻˡ
ȴʱʹˣ˵ǵġԭҶ˵ţʰŶܿʰõ˵ţ˾ˣؼҡ
鿴˿ڵ죬ţٻȥɣ춼ˡ
ݹԹҡҡͷ˵ţУžҪȥ˵ţѾ
黹ҪȰ䣬ͼһĻȣ˵ģȥ£Сɵӣְֻϲʶ㡣
ô˵ѵȣ˵ʲôأ
Цһ£ô˵ԭȱǸСɵӣֻöѣŲɵһʱͼɵˡ
⻰һڳļ
ʱŷӦݹԹԣᶨĻţҰְʶҵġ˵ţĨᣬȥ
鿴˿ֱϳԿ׸ϣţ˾ȥ
ͷſǻлл˾ˡ
鿴ӣֲۣ֪Ҫ˵Щʲôֻͻݼҡ
ڼңڸȣȣոôô˵
˵ţôѵ˵Ĳ𣿡
ڸҪֱһƴȥѡûͱĸˡ
ĸҡҡͷ
ڸ˿һԡ
˲䰲
ϣݹԹԹɵĿ⣬ʲôҲ˵ȴЩۣ˿Ӻһżݸţ㡣
ݹԹŤͷţȻлл˾ˡ˵꣬Ǹ״ż˻Ȼͷ棬ĬĬؿ
ˣЩ֪룬˵ţţ˾˸㽲Цɡûܾ㿪˵ţǰһֻèǺϲ󣬵ǸߣԸˣèˣ˵һˣץȽϸˡ˵꣬Լ˼ݹԹûаͷ̧ҲûзЦ⡣ҲЦˣЦû£ٸһЦġ
˼˰죬ſ˵ţǰһֻèϲҪ챧󡣵è࣬Ǳè׼ߣͲڵˡè˵һ䣺ˣⰡ㾹ȻҪ⡣˵꣬ԼЦݹԹԻûЦ̾һǱߴЦ
ʱһҲЦݡʱո˵ֵĻ㿪ʵţְô
ݹԹԳĬһ£Ļţְʧˡ
˲侪ˣֱӰѳͣ·ߣ˵ְʧˣ
ġšһ
黹ҪһЩ飬룬Ǿݼ˵űֿȥݼˡ
ʱݼңүүһ˲ϣĳŷˡ
ԽԽĻţ˵ţոΪʲôֱ˵ҪŽӹ
үүЦһ£ⲻǲ𡣡
̵һۣţʲôõİ
үүʲôҲû˵й
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һվߡһ㣬ͼݹԹ˹ЦⱧסϡ
Ҳں档
ϵͷţô
ȴûлػֻһ
վ˼˵ţҽڼ˵һЩ˵Ļ
̶ʱˣ֪ĴǿĿݹԹԣţǲһƽϡǲ˶ټûлػţԷ𣿡
ҡҡͷʾԼûԡ
һԸܼҵܼңȥССϲĲˣ
ܼҵͷתȥ׼ˡ
ϼԼһֱݹԹԵЩģֱӰһͿͨ۾ţۡţôˣ
ݹԹԿְֲҵģǲǣ
һæְֵȻŵġ
ţСĴָ
Ͽ˿Ц֣ã
ԼСĴָſ
ϼЦˣ㿪ʵţԸְ߰ô𣿡
˲ֵ˵ţ˵ְֻҵġ˵ԺСɵӡ
һʱˣŲ裬Դ
ɵĵͷţĶӱ˼£Ҳæߵס˶ӣӵĿǡ
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ͷȻԼߡ˵ţǣϣǣ̣ǰȥ
ԭҪ뿪飬糣ϣŸոŵĻȻǺܾᣬǸȥ
˲ʱʱĿϣûзӡ
ϼˣֱ˵ˣٿˡʧȥļ䡣
ʱסˣô£ôͻȻʧأ
ϻûش𣬾˵ţȥ˵꣬ԼĲԣ˵ţ⡣
æ֣֪ǹġ
̾һû˵ʲô
ܿ죬ٷˡݹԹԴһУǲ뿪ߡ
Ͽ˵ţȥ˯òã
ҡҡͷק䡣
Ͽţְָһ𣬵˯ˣְߣòã
룬ǿͷá˵ţ˱¥ˡ
鿴ţ̣Ȼȥˡ
̫̿ˣסɡ
Цһ£ˡٹ
̼ô˵Ҳˣţעⰲȫ
ͷת뿪ˡ
ݹԹңɵڴϣһԵİְ֣Цһ£Ȼ󿪿ڵְ֣ĿԿҴĶ˵ţ˼һ¡
Ȥ˵ţʲô
Լġ˵ţƽ壬Ŷݸ
ϵͷǰְԱ߿
Цŵͷ±˱۾һƽ壬һ
ݹԹԽ˯˹ȥǿ˶ǶͻȻһϤ֪Լ
ſţԺͻȻһЩ棬ͷѾ˯ŵݹԹԣͷתȥˡ
һȥ̲סĴΪͷۡ
Ļص鷿ϢһźȻ֣ԼԺһЩ䣬۾һ˿ƽ壬룬
ֿһϤͷٴϮֻûк£ﻹЦ⡣һѾͷˣ˵ôҲβסˡΪļָֻһ㡣
ٴ׼ʱȴƽûе磬Զػˡ
ȥƽϵ磬Ȼ鷿ĴϣŸոշ顣
ΪԼŴĶԼһһĲûУԼֻҪŴĶԻˡţһˡģҲ˯˹ȥ
˯УǰһЩ⡣ʼţΧûκĶú󣬱ЪϢˡҲûԴУǴ˵ţİ
ţһֱߵǰԵ˵ţŵİְ֣
Ͼһ£ֻ˵˻Ĺ˵ͷǣ˭ô֪ţ
Χת˼Ȧû˵ʲôֱҧһڣȻʧˡ
Ҳʹѹˣ˿ΧϤĻһһ룬ͿԼһӡǸӡơ
˿ûκͷ¥ˡ
¥£㿴Ѿ½ʿͻûߵţǰŵţְȥѧУɡ
ݹԹԻû˵ͼ½ʿ˵ţС
ϿţΪʲôУ
½ʿڽţΪһҪĻ顣
һʱήҰȥˡ
½ʿᶨ˵ţСϰ壬ҪүȥĻһЩ޶˵Ĳ²⡣Ѿ˲²ˡΪҲȥˣΪүֻһʱҪȥĻͲС
ţ̾һ֪ˡ˵꣬Цһ£һϢ
үүһ뿴ʲô
ҵļЩָˡȻһ㣬ҲڻָС
⻰һ˲俪ݹԹԿ𣿡
ϿĻţȻġְʲôʱƭŰ
һ˵Ц
½ʿҲһˡ
ϵͷ
һֱüͷҲǿȥϰɡȥѧ
һֻ˵ţá˵꣬ЩĿݹԹԡȻ֪ϾͿԼȴǺܲᰡ
˫ȥŸҪȥĵط


 75 

Ϻ½ʿһȥ˹˾
ϲһ, ЦӯӯĳԱǵͷ, 䵭ĳ΢΢ͷҲԱս
ȥ칫, ½ʿҪô
½ʿ, ͺã˵Ҳ˵ʲôġ
ţͷ, á˵꣬˱һǰһȥˡ 
鿪ʼֱϾһֱŶ࿴Ե̬ȣ˼Ϊ鲻ã˵ҲӽСˡ
һѹֵ½ˡ
Ƿ׷ٶ뿪˻ҡй׷ϰ㡣
ϼȫ뿪󣬲Żһô𣿡
½ʿûлش𣬶˵ţˣذ칫Ұɡ
ͷתذ칫ˡ
ǿҪ߽칫·õλʱ, õͻȻ˳Һסϣ˵, ¸˵
Ǵһ£ϴŵİȹԼϾϲģҲԼϲСұεġ½ʿС˵½ʿ, ⲻûʧǰ˰ɡ
½ʿһۣȻվ˵С㣬ܻ£ܸ˵˻˵꣬קϽ˰칫ҡ
õһĻŭ⣬ܿʧˡΪոշ֣ϵ͵ζ
ţĲԼλǰȥ˶Ŀ⣬ֱӺӡ˵ǲᡣ
칫ڣϿЩ½ʿΪʲô㿪ڵ½ʿôˣ
½ʿһۣʧпǸŮŪã㻹ڨɡ
һ£ȻЦŵôܡһŮˡ
½ʿƽĻҲš
ϿϤ½ʿЦɡ
½ʿأ˵꣬ü֣ϣҼǵϲû˿ڣô£
˳˵ĿѵʧǶʱŪ㿴ѾǸ̺ˡ
½ʿϸһ£ûС춼ûء˵ţüͷ
ϸһ£ֺţʱֻֿ˿Լϵİ̺ۣ⿴ǲҧİ
½ʿеѵǱСҧģӦð
ҡҡͷСҧģ˰̺ͻȻֵġţ뵽һЩ顣æҡҡͷˣȲҽǸŮô¡
½ʿһۣ㿪ʼ
ţ½ʿ̲ס˵ôаԵ𣿡
½ʿͷһʧ䣬νĳŪáΪõȻֻǲ²⣬ǲ֪ǣ½ʿĲ²Ѿʮˡ
£˰죬ûʲô˽飬̾һһҪӿָ䰡˵꣬㿪ʵ½ʿŴĶ𣿡
½ʿôˣ
ҲûĻţҪҾΪŵĶŵԻָġ
½ʿһ£ȻҲûƭԼԼȥϢҡӦö˲١
Ǵһ£ȻЦ˵һô˵꣬Ϣˡ
һϢңԷɫΪϢңҲе֣һ󣬺ܿҵˡȻֱӿ
ſţ㿪ʼͷѣڼֿš
һ½ʿ˽ͷ󺹻ڿϣǰʵϣôˣ
Ͽİڰ֣Ҫָ䣬Ҫõġ˵ţͷϵĺԽĶˡ
½ʿţüͷҪ˵Щʲôϸϳȥˣ½ʿȰæɡһָ䣬ڽ㡣˵ּ꣬
ļҲѾһһĻָˡ磬½ʿʵڿ˽Ϣһ
ʱЩ΢΢ͷ֪ˡ
½ʿʵڻָˣ
侲Ļţǰ
½ʿͷȳԷɡ˵ţȳȥˡ
ϼȥֿһ۶Ҳתȥˡ
ȥ󣬿½ʿлл㡣
½ʿ̾һһϲǰ㡣
΢΢һ£ȻЦЦһ¡
½ʿϤЦݣǲֱǰͷϣ֪ҶൣͻȻϾûЦˣҲġ
ϼֱӶ֣ʶۿʧǣ½ʿû뿪ӹˣôŲҴ㰡
϶ʱЩˣȳԷɡ
½ʿɿ֡ɿֵʱˣǺɿ֣ǺڸոԼǿľٶҪȫļ䶼ָˣ᲻Լ𰡡ţС
ϼ̾һ˵ϽԡڵҲԴһЩˡ
½ʿͷ֪ˡ
ܿ죬˱ˣϿ˿ȥ꣬ʱͿԻָ䡣
½ʿͷҰһЩҪļó
ϵͷá˵߽꣬Ϣҡʼ
½ʿû׷һʼ顣
***
ѧУ￴ݹԹԣţǱ𣿡
ɫ΢΢һ£ȻĻţǵġ
⸱ӣ֪Ӧ÷ʲôõ飬Ȼæ˵ţҵд𣿡
һ£Ȼҵ𣿡
౻ţȻˡ˵꣬Թԣˡ
ʲôҵ
￴Ͻæóһҵ˹ȥ
ݹԹæӹá˵꣬Ҳ˲ģʼٶȳ֪ǲգʦûҵһ
౿Ц
ݹԹԿʼŽϣְ˵ļڻָ㰵ţϣϻؼңͿԿѾָİְ֡
֮󣬱㿪ʼճϿˡ
ʱصϣڼҡ
ڸȣȣȥݼңŵǸ
һ˵ţҲҪǴҶģΪʲôҪǸ
ڸЦˣ˵ţҴҲ쾭壬ǲǣ
ţǣѾһ˸ˣ㲻ҡ
ڸʵΪʲôš
ȶʱ֪˵ʲôˣǾǿ˵ţҲȥ
ʱ鿴ȣȥŵǸ
Ȱһۣǲ˻Ҷ˵˲ȥ
ĸô˵ѵȣôܵ˵ء
ȼǶָԼǶҡҾǲǸġ
˵ţȣǲҪ顣
ڸ󣬱㿴飬飬˵ʲôء
û˵ǿǣʵ֪Żȥǵ̬𣿡
ڸĸüͷһ£ôˣ
鿴ǣţ̶ҶЩˡ
ĸôܣ׼ĸǺϲ𣿡
Ǻϲҡ϶ҵ̬ȴǨŭ̬ȡ˭˵Ҳ֪ɡ˵ţ㿴ȡ
Щ飬ܿʧ˵ţҲԹҡȴԼġ
鿴ʵʲôԼ
ܣȴԼġ
Цһ£һ϶Լɡ㻹ƽϣҿǵƢ̫ˡ
󣬱һۣ˭ĵܵܰ
ţô㡣
ڸȴڵС飬ո˵ʲô˼
黹ûػȾȻţʧ¡
ڸæʵʧ䣬ô£
Ǳײһ£Ȼʧȥ˽ļ䡣
ײһ£
ȼôԾ˰ֵûʲô£ᱻײһ¶ѡ˿ڶûС
鿴⸱ӣͻȻڵΪűײİɣ
Ƚһ£ȻţӦõģӦþҡϾҿӡ
һЦ˵ҿܿͲ˰ɡ˵ֱ꣬վȥøû˵
ȿ̬ȣǲĿĸ裬㿴̬ȡ
ȴֻһƣһǺݺݵһơ
һƳɹͣ˽ŲҲɹڳ˶
Լĵطۿﺬˮ裬ʲô
ĸ۵˵ȣҾĽأʲôʱôˡ
ȿɲ֪ڸĵ˵ţҲûдòá˵꣬ת˳ȥ
Ҫ׷ȥĸס
ֻͣ˽Ų
ڸһĻֻ̾һû˵ʲôϾٶԶǲ԰׵ġ
ĸſڸ޹󣬿ڸȥ׼ҼҰɡ
ڸͷô°ɡ˵ţ㿴ȥݼҡ
ͷá˵꣬תȥ׼ˡ
Ӻǻ·ݼȥ
ܳȥȣĿĵĿų
ڸǺܿ쵽ݼҡ˽ȥſ׼ңڸǰݡ
үүǿ˿̣ûʲôӦŻţڣôˡ
ĸߵߣ˵㣬þò
̼ҲһЦþòֻ̬Ȳһá
ĸҲ⣬ǿ˿ΧŮ𣿡
̻ţȥ˾ϰˡ˶٣أ
ĸһ£ȻͷҲ֪
̿̾һʲô𣿡
ĸ̧ͷᶨ˵Ҫ֪Ϻôˣ
̳ĬһţӦŮɡ
ĸô˵Цһ£Ůծˣ˵
ţ͸ͷβ˵˳ûҲûһЩȲõĻ
ĸԽɫԽѿֱӱӡ
ڸǱߣɫҲǺܺÿ
Ѿûл˵ˡԼĽΪʲôô
ڸĸεЦһ£ĸڵ׼׼ô
ҡҡͷӦңӦϣָʲôɡǲܵġ
ĸĬһ£Ȼվ̾һ¹Ǹε˵ĺܶԲҴ֪ȾȻ⸱ӡ
վ˭Ҳû뵽ͲҪˡ
ĸ̾һɫȴǾȸˡ˵꣬ЩƣĲ뿪ˡ
Ҳ΢΢ͷæˡ
үү̿ţɵ̾һ
ڼڳϣ໥˿ȻĸЩڴո׼ĸ˵Ĳһİɡ
ҡҡͷӦöġûвμһ˿١Ҳм
ڸȻû˵ϵıȴҲġ
ĸۿʱˣ˵ʲôʱء
ڸ̾һ߰ɣؼҡ˶٣С飬һȥһȣģ
ͷ֪ˡ˵꣬ȰͻؼңȻȴ绰ǲû˽ӣ˿ʼȥǰȥĵطûҵ
ʼ˼пȥĵطġ˼ȥпȥĵطϳˡ
һ룬㿪ȥ̳
ʼѰҹȻȹȻ̳ڷ
鿴ֿ˿ôӵˣԵΪ治סţߵǰˡֽؼҡ
ʹһ˦ҲŲȥ
ü֪֪ո趼̾ϹˣΪ㡣
ȴһ£ȻŲΪҡ
㵽׻زȥ
ȿɫµǿ˵ء
鿴ҲȰˣֱֿ˼ˡ
ȼ״æҡĴ飬
ֱӰϳؼˡ
ܿ죬㵽ˡôҲ
ҲֱӰֻԼĳԿײſԿ
ڸĸֻԼأ
Щ۵Ļţڳ
ڸ󣬱վȥ˳⡣ųҪôҲ򲻿ŵȣ˵ȣ̸̸˵꣬㿴飬ѳŴ򿪡
״ˡ
ȲԸڸĬ
ڸһۣתˡ
Ҳߣֻϡ
һ鷿ڸȣֱ˵˵ȣɡ
ȵסˣȵĿ֣˵ʲôءĸҲеЩȡ
ڸ˵ɡ
ţΪʲô
ڸЦһ£ΪҵŮʵ䲻ϡ
һʱ֣ôô˵
ڸô˵Ĳ𣿡
Ȼԡô䲻ҪȫҶû˵꣬ͱڸݺݵһӣŭȣ
ȶʱ˵ˡ
Ҳ˲䰲
ڸЦһ£һһ˿룬׼˵̫ˡû뵽׼Ҳû˵һһ۵˵ţϻָɡ
ȿ֪ڸĵ˵ţҲҪ
ڸȻ㲻ҪͲڼҵˡԺôǶġԼúɡ˵꣬˳ȥ
鿴˿Ҳ˳ȥ
˲ֻʣһˡ


 76 

, ҲѾָȫļ䡣ָֻֻƽӡ
½ʿ, Ǹ, е㵣ģͷԼ, ʹԼĽŪûˡ
ҵǣû˵飬˵顣ڵ½ʿ, õǲ֪ʧˣ
½ʿһ£ʲô˼
죬Ǹ˵𣿶֪Ǽ󣬲û뿪ȵĴӦ֪ЩʲôΨһ飬Ǿʧ䡣Ӧ֪ˡ
½ʿĻǰ
Ͽһֱۣӵһָ£ðõ֪
½ʿͷãҲû˵ʧˡ
΢΢ͷ, ļùҴһ¡
һɣá˵, ʹҴҵȥˡ
ϿٵӣҡͷЦһ¡
һ½ʿŸ߸һļ˹ϿžȻô̲࣬סһ¶, ŴŲݾܾ˵һ𡣡
½ʿȻɫѿǴӦˡ˿ʼ˼ٴļ
ɫˣһۣ߰ɣȻؼҡٴ
Ȼϰ嶼ô˵ˣΪ½ʿȻܾˣá
ϿȥҼҡ
½ʿһ£ʲô
Ʋһۣʲô˵꣬תȥˡ
һȥͿվİõ⡣û˵ǿһԵ½ʿ
½ʿҲget񣬱ǰŰõС㣬𣿡
õźۼĵһۣȻ˵¸˵뿪𣿡
½ʿ˿ϣ
΢΢ͷΪҲ֪õҪʲô
½ʿͷðɡ˵꣬ϼܣͣ㡣֮󣬱ת¥ˡ
õߺ⣬ֱǰסϣôˣѾûˡ
ϿĶ񣬱˼˵˭
õȷʧˡȻ˼ǰϣŮѣ𣿡˵ţﻹĵɫ
Ϲһ£ŮѣӰ˵꣬Ц
õЩȻ˵㲻ϲӣ˵ûи飻˵飬ҽġ
Ļľȸˣȴζ˵ɡ
õ֪ԼɹԶˣæ˵ţġѵ㲻𣿡˵ţźˮ۾
ϿЦӣЦסˣ˵еҡˡ˵æԱƹŵȥˡ
˫ûпǣ˵Ƕˡ
ϳ˵ȥˣֱڵЦɻȴԽԽˡţֿ˿ԼֱϣȷʵǹҧĺۼֻԵĹ֪šӲˡ
ţ㵽ͣϡ
½ʿʶʵϣõ˵ʲô
ϳЦ˳˵Ůѡ
½ʿ˲ˡͬʱҲ֤һ¡Ǿȷʵ֪ʧˡô֪ģͺ˷ѽˡ
Ͽɡ
á˵ţ㿪ȥݼˡ
ݼңʱݹԹڵϻʱʱţְ̣ʲôʱ
ЦſܿˡһǾͿ
ͷá
ʮӺϺ½ʿһǰһ˽
ָֻ̿ԭӵϣµӦǻָˡţϣǲǻָˣ
Цһ£ǵģĸסˡ
ݹԹһæǰסȣſǻְ֣ڻˡ
۵ıûµġְⶼˡŲõˡҰְҲѾظˡ˵ţ˵ţ԰ְҲ֮Сˡ
һЦĵĺְ֡
ҲЦſ˲ϡһ˳˷
̿ϣϣôʧȥģ
Ļصܾǳײҵһ¡֮ʧˡ
ȻЩ⣬˵Ҳˣ˾С
ϵͷš
̿ڼҽˡ
Զһ£Ȼƽ˵˭
ˡǸµϱ
ϵͷʾ֪ˡ
̼ûʲôҪ˵ģ׼ô
Щţʲôô
̼Ĳϸ˵ȣ׼ô
һ£Ȼ裬Żء˵ţ㲻ˡ
̿˿̾һɡ˵꣬ϱ㰲
һˡ
ǿ½ʿ˯
½ʿͷá˵꣬·ȥˡ
ţϿݹԹԣţְ㡣
ְ֣ʲô°
ϰ𣬵ȥְ鷿˵˵ֿ꣬һԵ̺үү֣裬¥ˡϢǻش󡣱¥ˡ
Ů鷿ݹԹԿϣʵְ֣ʲô° 
Ͽ˵ţϲʶһֻ˵Ĺ
۾һСþͻᰡ
Цһ£˵ĲСá˵ǰְҲǹԵ֡
ͷһ£ЩĻţʶڲڰ
ô˵ţԸְֽһ𣿡
ͷáżȥġ
ţţǾνϵͳɡ
ݹԹԼ˵ţҺܺáȻССһֻܴһ˵ġ뿪ˡû硣˵꣬㿴ְ֣㻹֪ʲô
ҡҡͷֿڵţֻʲôӰ
һֻƽСǸСһġֻͷһƬɫƬɫĿҲڵӡ˵ţܻ
ǳȷˣǾ˵ֻ
ݹԹֵĿְôͻȻ
Цһ£ְЩ档ˣŸϢˡ
ͷ֪ˣְ֡˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
Ҳط󣬲ת鷿죬ֻ飬ֿ˿ϵҧۣôҲ㲻֪ǣֻӦûҪ˼
˰죬û뵽㲻ˣʼ칫
***
õЦ¥¥µԼĳͳԱվŵ˧ˣһ΢ЦȻĵĺ
ԭǸ˱
ҲЦ⿴һ£ʵôô
õĻţûɣԱˡ󣬼Բ𰡡
˰ֵûϵѵҡ˵ţߵһԣ򿪳ϳɡҵŮѡ
õЦ⣬˽ȥ
죬Ѿȷ˫ĹϵǾԽΪǰĽǰõʾġ
õźλϵõ廨һЦǸҵ𣿡
ţȻ֮󣬰õǻȴֻ滹һСӡ
࿪ʼıǹƽ˵ţʲô
һۣЦݵ򿪿ϲϲ
õô˵֪ӦòԼǼűһе㷳ꡣһһƯЦлл㣬
ϲÿŮѡ
õЦߵˡͻȻǰһӣԼħˡֻع죬е⡣
ţ㿴·߲ǻؼҵ·ߣ㿪ʵȥİ
Цصͷİɡ϶ǰ˵ġ
õĻ˵̫ˡ
һ㿪˺ߡ
õ³ǰĺ̲סƯ
ߵԱߣԼװϣȻָָԶװŮѣ֪ûңһأ
õţոյķѾʧˣǵͷȻԡ˵꣬˱Цȥָŵĵط
극˱ȹһҹ

õԼԵˣЦһ£ȻʲôҲû˵ģֱס˯˹ȥһ̣еҸ
˯ֻʶıԼĶ
һСʱȥ˲ŴӴ
õ¶õ΢Ц˵õõҪҪϴְ
õһ£ȻڲСһҪ
ܾ꣬õõʲô£
֪ˡֺƽ˵ʱǲְܴġҪһʱſԡȻʲȻ仰û˵ڡ
һεʵõʲôҪ
Ļţڲܸ㡣
ô˵Ҳˣǳ͡
õЦ֪ǡѾһֱ̣Ǹ̷ѿ
֮˱뿪ˡ
õȥϹ˾⿪šԽԽװõΪʲôҪϹѵûзϡ
ߣõ˾ߵԼλϣͼԼΧ˻ǿ̬ȡ
ţȻǲûᡣڴϵĵҪ֪Լ˵ЩʲôӦţǲš
ʮӺϺ½ʿ˽
鶼תֱӽ˰칫ҡ˿˲˽⵽鲻̫áȻæ½ʿ½ʿ½ʿôˣһͲá
½ʿְҵЦһ£صң˭ȴţǲҪϰ֪ǰֱӰǿ
һ˵ÿ¡Ȼ˵ţκκµζҲûѯˡǻصԵλʼһĹˡ
½ʿ˿칫ҵţ̾һҲصԼλϣʼ칫
칫ڣڵϣϵΡʱصϡ
ֿһЩļ󣬲Ϣ˯ź󣬱һƬããĵطΣû˵ԵĹ
ʼܣʼˡȥˣû
һ΢˹ȥͿŲͬŮ˵ŵĲͬĻ
ǶǴ˷ζĻ
ڻعˣġ
õõ߾ˡawslõõ𰡡ӵ.ǣͣawsl
õõӦҪǸС氮
ôͣˡߴӦðǲд
ٺ٣ݼ˸ˡˬ
ԽɫԽѿ˷ǰĳ档Խ˵ԽֵʱһֻĲǰЩҲ֮ʧˡ
ϿֱֻӿڵǰŴֻɡ
ҡ޴ˡ
϶ʱסˣû뵽Ȼô˵Լ룬ǿţлл㡣
мĿһۣлϾֲΪŰͻġֻ̫ԭ׼ߡҪؼҡֻܰͻѾҵæ״̬㲻л
ĻҲ˵ˡתƻΪʲôҪҧң˵ţָָԼϵİ̺ۡ
Ǹⲻ㱻˼ҸƻˡȻǰһô
󣬳Ĭһ£лл
εû˵л˵ĻڸոЩ˵Ļʲô
һ£˵𣿡
бһۣأ
϶ʱţҾں˵֪Ϊʲôô˵ǡҲûʲô¡
һۣĵĸĻ¾ǡˡȻŵŮˡ
ϲŵţ𣿡
ǲȻأ˷ӣɱһٸ˰
˲ûл˵ˡ˺һ˵ֻҪٰõǲ
Цһ£ϰõʲô֮ʲôӦѾ˽˰ɡ⣬㻹˵ҪԶ𣿡
ϸһ¡ϰõԼǸˡȻõָȥһЩ顣˲ô
ҲǿʼĶ
ҲعҪô
ĬһʩʩȻĻţԼ롣˵꣬Ĳ뿪ˡ
ţҲ˯ѹѾˡ
ʱصڣϷӣҪôõ顣˳Ȼ˳ȻǰᣬҪðõҲҪ̫Ǯ
ţֱӰѵ绰۫
绰ܿͽͨˣ۫Цŵ٩ǴæôøѴ绰ˡ
ƽ˵㡣
۫һҲ٩ˣǿʵʲô£
ô
۫΢΢һ£ȻţôͻȻˣ
ǳĬһ£ȻֱʵүӿɲܰѼҲ
һ꣬۫ᶨܡһӣһЩǮ
ˡһ룬ͼ۫˵ţĸǷҲС
üͷһ£ʲô˼
۫ϸ˵ĸǱߺͦǮġʲô
Ĭһ£ȹˣԺڸ˵˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
۫˿Ҷϵֻû˵ʲôı


 77 

, õŻǽŰ칫ҵſ, ۵Ц⡣׼վŽȥʱ, һ绰ˡ
ֻϵĺ, ɻ󣬵ǽá
, ʹֻ˵ţʦôûҰεˡ
õûеһʱѯʣǿ˵ţǼһɡҸ˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
űҶϵĵ绰תһ϶ֺֻԼʧˡʼϵֺá
õҶϵ绰Ҳû߽ȥˡԼλϿʼֻ
칫ڣϿɵĹ̲ס滺һȻİõ, 
ֲɵӣʼ顣һֱ, 򿪰칫ţõһ¡
õϲȻʩʩȻվ, ˽ȥ˵⻹һνϵİ칫ҡ
ĵ˽ȥһ߽ȥ˵ϣǲˡ
ֱӿڵô֪ʲôʱ򣬰õС㾹ȻΪҵŮѰ
õϤĻʱһ£ȻŵĿָˣ
ϼôѵⲻڰõС֪ķΧ𣿡
õʱЩµĿĿ㶼֪Щʲô
Ͼһ˵㲻ԭһ仰˲ʹðõɫ䡣
̲ס˼ȻµĿ˵ʲôʱ֪ģ
ϿţعʼӦûԭļɡԭǰҲһĽӽҡ
ʱ˵ĿһſڵΪʲôһʼҡ
ϵȻܸ˵ţӦңҪô죿ȻһţܰϽ֮ġ
ţԽˡǿ˵Ȼô˵Ǿʹ㲻ǲǣ
Цһ£Ҫô
ʲô
ϿϵЦ˵ԶһˡϣҺҵļԺҪټ㡣
ĬһǲԸѾ֪ԼܣҲֻˣͷҴӦ㡣˶٣˵ţֲҿԾġ
ϿʹЦһ£㿴ǣҪǰûǵˡ
õһ̧ͷһۣɫǵͷӦԡֻôģֻԼ֪ˡ
ϼӦˣҲе⣬Ϊܲʶʱ񡣵ĳŵ˭ҲȷǲȻӦˣǾͲܷڣҪǷ˵Ļɲôڵˡ
뷨Ҳֻһ˲ϿһԼȥְɡ
ͷת߳ȥˡ
һȥֱϰȥ
ܻܿ˼ҡѹֲסԼŭֱӰĶͨͨӵ˵ϡȻɳϣԼһʱԼһֱһɵӣϸŵɵӡǷŭ
žԼôҲʲΪʲôϻָ䡣ǸŮ˲˵ָΪʲôţȴԽˡ
ģˡʱֻˣᣬȴһֱ죬ֻòͷĽǺܺõ˵ţ˭
ţʹֻҲͷţʦأ
õһʱ䣬ŷѾˡû˵ǸĻѾ̲סʦ㵽벻֪ˣ벻޸ˡ
õĻŭˣȴ˵ĻСһ¡µˡȥ˵꣬ûӦҶ˵绰ȻֱЦȥԼùҲǸһֱߥԼ˺ù
ţæǱ߸ϡ;Уӵĵ绰ľܾԼ˵ţҸһϲ
ţ˿ԼϵϣЦһ£Һڴ˵꣬绰Ҷˡ
õܿ͵Ҹŭ⡣ûеһʱֳǿںţС򡣡
򿴼㿪ԹôôҶˡ
õô˵ҲûᣬֱʵСμʲôˣ
һ˵ţϽ鰡˵ţ㿴ǲѾˣҪǺˣǧҪҡ
õЦ˳򡣡
ʵôˣ
ԭ𣿡
һ˲һ£Ȼǿ򶨵˵ʦ˵ʲôأô
õҲûڼ˵ʩʩȻ˵ţӦȥ˵һ¡ǡĻȻû˵ȴ׹ˡ
ϴƶı飬֪ԼβˣҲνΣô֪ġ
õˣЦһ£Ȼ˵ȻΪνΰ
ɫͻȻӦ˵Ͻչ˳𣿡
õɫ࣬¡Ӧøҽһ£㵽ǲԭ
ɫѿһ£ġ
õͻȻӦٵ˵˵ЩΣӦöΡǰ֪𣿡
Ըĵͷ
õ˵꣬˫סļ򣬵ǰʳһ𣿡
ͷǡ
õ˲ʧЩһԡһͻȻ뵽Īԭһ޸ϡҲֻܡţ㲻ս˫֡
ڵ㲻¸˵ɡ
õһſҪıˡ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ıӰ˶ţתؼˡ
ʱص磬ϿŰõߡһ֪᲻ʲôı֡ô˵Ȼ˵ͨˣǾͺáϣҪûɫǰ
֪ǣڲ֪һŮŭǷŭ
һ磬ȥˡ
׼°ʱ½ʿ˽ϰ壬õû
ͷҲ̧Ļţ׼뿪ˡ˰λʰһ¡
½ʿһ£Ȼ󿪿ڵ뿪𣿡
̧ͷϹŵĵɫû¡Լְġ˳ȥɡ˵ֿ꣬ʼ
½ʿûгȥǰŭţϡ
ͣȻ̧ͷվԼǰ½ʿ˭
½ʿȴûǼϣļΪʲôָΪʲôҰŵߡ˵ţּǰֱվǰ
˵Ļһ飺˭˵ţһץסĸ첲һץס첲ʱϱҧİ̺ͻȻ
һ룬½ʿ˲εڵء
ϿʲôҲû˵İɳϺһԸǰ̺ۡ
ɫˡ½ʿŴɳãĿ˿ΧڵĻ
ʱϲŰѵƴ򿪣˵
½ʿôԼæϰ壬ҡ}ûš
ϼô˵֪ԼˡԼа̺۵ֻסһ̣һ֪뿪ˡ
½ʿ˿죬ϣôˡ
Ͽһۣûʲô˵ţվװӣȥ
½ʿ˿æȥ
ȥͣ½ʿƤĸ˳ϵϰ壬ô°
ϰһۣûʲôֻĵڶ˸ֳˡ˵꣬㲻ˡ
½ʿסˣԾ˵˵Ǹ֪ˣֳˡ˵ʲôˣ
ͷҲ̧˵ţ档
½ʿһҲˡȥݼҡ
ҺϺ½ʿ߽
һͿεաϿһȦܿͿյԴȡ
ŲûͣסǼ߽ȥ
½ʿȴ˿һҧ˽ȥ
ݹԹԼϻˣܵߣĺţְ֣Ϻá
ҲЦ⿴ǣ֣ţϺá˵ţ˱ߵ˿

ȼԼȴЦ⣬ϣļָ𣿡
ʵģſĻţָˡ
˵ָˣ̫ˡ
ĸˣ˵ͷû׼˵ʲô
ȴϣûǵԼɡ
һ£Ҳɫţûǣô𣿡
ô˵˿ǣ˵ѾΥԼˡ
ϿȻأ
ȿ䵭̬ȣЩƲס˵ǲǸЩʾ
Σϻû˵̱ƲסƢ˵ȣʲô˼
ЩµĿ˵ţ裬˵ʵ
Цһ£ô궼û˵һֱšʧˣԲ˵ġ
ţĬһôǲԼˡʵ
ֱӱЦˡҲ˵ˡֱӿϣԼǵ飬Լ˵꣬ŷˡ
үүһۣ̾һҲĸˡ
ݹԹԣţȥ̡
˿ǵͷȥ
½ʿҲԾ˵ţϰ壬ȥˡ
˲䣬ֻʣϺˡ
ֱ˵˵Ҫʲô
ȿһ˿ˣܿʧˡ˵ҰҪҸ顣ȻͲŮҲ֪ģġ˵꣬һżɡ
Ļԡ
ȼһҲԼЦһ£ĳɡݹԹԣҲҪ
ŭ⡣˵֪ˡ
ȼô˵ˣվȥϢˡ˵꣬¥ˡһסݼҡ
ڿһȻȥǷ䡣ͼԭѾˣһڿŶ
̼һ̸ۣô
ϿһݹԹԣûлش𣬶˵ţȥԷɡҶˡ
Ҳûʡȥ˲˳½ʿ˵ϼʣ㲻ˡ
ܿ죬Ǳˡ
ݹԹԻصԼķȥϢ
ϲǰȸˡҲӦˡ
һأ
϶˶ٵĻţ˵Ҫ
һá
ͷˣȥϢɡ˵꣬ԻطϢˡ
Ҳ鷿ϵİ̺ۣڽе֡ǸͻȻӵ½ʿ˵Ϊʲôܰİȥ
νİţָľǵɡ뵽⣬üͷ
ôҲ벻ֻͨڴϣŽϻԿֻɡţ۾˯˹ȥ
ʧǣϲûпǹһҹ˯峿
ֻһŮǰ
Ů˿ǹҧ˵ţֻô⣿
Ĳȥǰڵˡ񼡡
ţ֡
Ҳ⣬ٴ˵ţ񼡣㲻Ҫˡ
ˡֻǸеġҵӲ𣿡
˵С
ţʱˣҰʲôʲôذɡ˵꣬ˡ
Ҳûˣ˵һ䣺Ҫǲͷ֪ͲҪںˡ
һվֺĿҰʲôʲôܵô
ôڤ粻飬̾һҲˡ˵꣬Ҫתˡ
ʱȴվס˵ţߵǰɵ˵ǲģ
ţͷ˵һǲģЩʲôǲİ
񼡿ëôҲϸ˵ǽҵһϡտʼû¡Ȼһһ£Ҿ뿪ˡǸҵˣǲʶ
һ£Ѿˣ˵˵Ǹ˭
Ĭһ£Ȼţϡ
֣ͷʶ
һʶʲô
Ҳûʲôֻҧһڡ
һŭˣǲǹġһڣһô氡
˵ţͱ档Ȼҿɹܲ㡣˵꣬뿪ˡ
񼡿뿪ԽԽ˺ùţóһӣõͳ档
***
ϴӴϴ¥ˡ
ûдУݹԹԣĩϴȫһȥӰѾˡţеǸεĿݹԹԣţȥӰɡ
ݹԹԿɵţְ֣첻ȥ𣿡
ϿֱӺһԵ½ʿڻţְֽϢ
½ʿ̾һɫȴ治ɫ
ݹԹһǰְ֣ȥɡҲȥӰ
ϵͷãġ
ʱȿڵҲһ𡣱ϾĻȻû˵ööˡ
ݹԹͷЦŵá
ϼӦˣҲûз
үүһԿ˵ţһ˽ͳȥúɡ
ݹԹʹĵͷĵ˵ţá
̼ЦģҲ̲ס
ܿ죬ȫ˼½ʿ͡
ȥˡ


 78 

ڳϡϳ䵱˾, ݹԹԵ, ȥ棿
ݹԹһ, ڴĻصȥ
һ, ҪӦȴ˵ȥʲô̫ô󡣡
ɫʱѿȡ
ȿɫ, ʱ˵ܾĻˡֻܵͷȥȥɡ˵꣬īһαһ˵ˡ
ϼôʶ࣬Щ⡣ȻݹԹԣЦŵǾȥ԰
ĵĵͷ
ϿȥĶ԰
ûã͵˶԰
ݹԹԿŻڱ۵裬ɵĺ衣
ҲһԺţȡ
ʱ۾, ֪ˡ˵ţʹԼıóɹȶԼһЩ, ȻݹԹԣţ
ݹԹԿ˿ǰҲһЩ
ȻҪһЩ, 룬ûи硣
׼úһ˲³
ҵǣǳĺʱԶ԰Ҳܶࡣ
ȿţȻһ˵ı顣
üͷ΢΢ǿݹԹԿĵӣüͷ
ݹԹԿţָŵְ֡裬ȥƱɡ
Ϻ໥˿ԡ˵ţһ˱ƽ˼һŶƱ
ʮӺƱ֡
ݹԹԺȿϵװѾͰ͵ģﶼЦ⡣
ϼЦԼҲ⡣ֱӰװ˲䣬Ϊ˹עĽ㡣Ϊ洩ŵǳ˿һĸо
ϻ˻Ʊ߰ɡȥɡ˵ţǣݹԹԵ֡
ݹԹԵһֻҲסȵ֡裬ұǰְ֡
ȥָʾݹԹԿͼָ꣬˵ְ֣Ҫȥȸ
Ӧԡ˵ţǱ㿪ʼͣͣЩɰġ͵Ķ
ݹԹҲֻеĶļ
ǣ˱㿪ʼ˶԰֮á
ܿ죬磬ĿǣҲˡȥϢһɡ
ݹԹҲЩ۵ĵͷְ֣ȥϢһ°ɡ
ΪеϣӦµá˵ţ򸽽ĹԱһ¸ȽϺõĲ꣬ȥˡ
һǾȥ˹ԱƼĺóԵвҲǺòóˡЪЪԳԿڱǺˡ
ڰЪϢһȿݹԹԣǲĿڵţҪǸְˣ˭
⻰һĿ
ݹԹ˵ţ裬Ҫְ𣿡
ȲϵĲֱӿţǰҪ˭
ǵģֻ˼˲һӣͿڻţҪְ֡
ʧ䣬ȴЦŵȻ㻹ǱȽϲְ֡
ݹԹǵͷҡҡͷϲְ֣Ҳϲ衣үүǣҶϲ
ȿı飬Ц˳Ҷ㲻áҲϲҰ
ĵͷֻû׼ԲŻġҲ
ĻͻȻǽɳӣæվȥһϴּ䡣˵ţվתȥˡ
Ͽȥ󣬱㿴ݹԹԣΪʲôô˵
ţΪʵû׼ʱǱġ費ϲңҲġ
ϼʵ㲻𣿡
Цҡҡͷᰡ˵꣬СյߣС˵ʵǸĹϣ˳ġ԰ְֲʺ衣
ϿͷĸпԼӶ簡
ѾվſڵȣݹԹԵĻشȻЦһ¡ȻŲ˾ͽȥĿ˵ţ˻û𣿡
Ͽڻţûء
ȼ״΢΢һ£ȻûˡǿݹԹԣţհɡ
ЦŻţð
Ͽţ룬Ҳһ𡣡˵ţһվ
Ҳû˵ĵһƬҲпһš
һ󣬷Աѷ˶˶ûнʲôֱӳȻܴԭΪǶˡ
ûһǱˡԱȿݹԹԣţ㻹Ҫȥģһӵӡ
ݹԹͷһɡкЩûпء
ȼôҪ󣬱ˬĴӦá˵ţվ˶ţȻǵ߰ɡ
ݹԹҲվã߰ɡ
ϿЦҡҡͷҲ漴վ˳ȥϽˡֿʼж
תۣ磬԰ñչݵʱǲŴӶ԰߳
һʱ䣬ˡ
˳ݹԹͻȻ˵ˣһǵĺӡ
ϺȶסˡţǶβסЦ⡣
˻صݼңȿǰԼסʮķӣҪ뿪ͻȻЩˡû˵ʲô˽ȥ
һȥͿүүڿ̼ǻˣ϶ƣɫ㿪ڵȥϢɡ
ûзǵͷȥϢˡ
ʱصϣõԼѹͽӵԼҲȻӦˡ
ûһҡЦ˵Ҫȥ氡
õһ£صȥӰԺɡ
ͬĵͷá˵꣬˱ŵӰԺǰȥ
˿һӰ͵˳緹ʱ䡣
ȥһζĲ֪ʵʵõõ˵Ҫҵľϲʲô
õһ˿뵽˲õ顣ȴЦһ£Ҵְˡ
󣬹Ȼܸˣõõ㾹Ȼְˡ̫ˡ˵ţһۡ
õĿһۣ㣬ϲϰࡣ룬ְˡûӦ˵Ҫˡ
ЦͷãһӶС
õĵȴ˵ţĵҲŲҪء
㡣
ܿ죬˳˷
ǲ˵ţõõ벻ȥҵĸװ
õһ£Ȼĸף
ǰ
õЩߵ˵ţڻʰɡ
֪ǿԣֻҪԼ˵ЩûͿɣԵġѵ޸𣿡
ʱЩϲû˵ʲôֱӱס
ˣҲû˵ı
˱ٵüҳ顣
˷ֿ󣬰õҪԭĸĸüͷǣϣǲҪҲźá
ŻڹڵĸףüͷҲ΢΢ϣҪõѿźáţϷŵһߣĵȥˡ
绰ûкܿ˵ĸס
ĵͷĻӵ绰ͷʲô£
ҽŮѣԽΪĿĵġһȥϣҪΪ
ĵĬһ£֪ˡ˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
˿ֻû˵ʲô

Ϻţǵǰһļ
ûпֱǩԼ֡
ϼҲû˵ʲôҲֱǩԼ֡
ȥһ֣ˡ
ȿϵСһֱۿתˮܿͲˡϵҪţϣ㲻Ҫ
ϿȻᡣϾŵ衣
ȵͷʲôҲû˵ľˡ
ҲŹ˾ȥ
˴Ӵ˿̿ʼʽĵˡ
ųصڼҡڿĸĸµĿڵ֡裬ˡ
ڸӽһ£ȻַҲá
ĸ̾һʲôҲû˵ȥ˳һ˸
ʲôҲû˵ĳܿͳˡڸǺ˵ţȣô죿
ҲĻţ֪ء
ڸô˵ǾڼúϢһʱ䣬֮롣㡣
ȴЦͷá˵꣬ת˷䡣
һ¥ϵ꣬ɻʵԷ𣿡
ĸҡҡͷǺܺõĻţˡԺס
һʵˣ
ĸͷ̾һ⼸㡣
ƽĻţ֪ˡ˵ֿ꣬裬ҶˡԵİɡ
Űɡ˵꣬
ڸ֣û°ɣ
ڸһۣʲô¡극ϽȥڼҴˡ
ô˵֪ˡǣһͲϡˡûҪСݰ
ڸô˵Цһ£С˵ţ˱ЦոձϾգʧˡ
һߣ˾õλѾˡе⡣ˣĳЩ˻⡣
ǣһ죬ˣָܻУȻǩԼʱҲܻᱻ˷Ÿӡ
Ȼһʼ֪ΪʲôǺ׹ӦǸ½ʿϵ顣
һȥˡ
磬½ʿǰЦŵϣôҪҪҵ˼ȥ
ϿЩ˵ţʲô
½ʿ⸱̬ȣЦʲô˼ǲǻҪҰøҡ
ϼ˵ͨ㲻׼˵ˡֱа̺۵ֻ֣Ҫס
֪ǲѾӦˣûôҲûгɹ
½ʿ׼ʩչǴε뷨ЦֻҪ㲻ңû˵ţе
ϳˡôо½ʿǸˣֻǸɹתתԷô
½ʿһ£ʲôͼ
ֱƨ˵ţֻǶе档ôҲû뵽ôͨ󡣻Ըϡ
½ʿЩˣǺðɡҲԳʳ
ϼӦ£óѵȻװ߰ɡ˵ţû
½ʿȥ
ܿ죬ȥһвҲϾȥķݡ
˽ȥѲ˵ݸԼ㡣˵ţѲ˵ŵǰ
ȻûôĿ
ʼĵ
Ҳûֹ
һϲˣ½ʿϵĲˣ˵һں󣬾úܺóԡ㿪ʼÿÿϲܿ죬ҵϲԵģĳ
Ͽţ̲סѵٳˡԵ½ʿʮֱˡٳĶӶˡ
½ʿһ˵ôҪء˵ţ˿ӡЩĿϵķˡ
ϼסİҿ˸͹ȥ
½ʿһۣҲŲ㡣˵ţûػҳԷķϣҽͷŹ㡣˵꣬½ʿʧȥʶſϡ
Сһ½ʿ˹ǰķˡԼθҲ֪ʲôˡ
û˵ʲôģݸһнθʳƬ
½ʿҲû˵ʲôĽӹ
һſ˵ϰҲˣֱӵϣɡû뵽Ȼ꣬ԸǸǰһ
ϿҲϾ»кüΣǽ𡣡
½ʿţЩ񶯣ǿ˿ǰķˣ׼ܾǾͼ˵ţǹʡ
ʱ˵ˣֻҧǸˡ
Ͽ˵꣬˺󣬿߰ɡ
½ʿͷΪԼˡ
Ƶĸ
ߵſڣϿ½ʿؼңȥҼң
½ʿ룬ȥҰɡ
ϼ״ͷá
֮˱ݼҡ
ϿѾ˯ǣ˵ţ½ʿֱȥƽ˯Ϣɡ
ͷ¥ˡ
Ҳûȥ鷿ǻصԭȵҡҿյӣЩס
һתȥ鷿鷿ûа칫ǿαϣ顣˯˹ȥ
ϤİѾھššܿͿֻڵҪôƺ㰡
Ļţͽҹɡ
һ£Ȼ֪Ǹ½ʿϵ˭𣿡
֪
һ˵֪ǹԸΪʲô𣿡
Ļţԡ
϶ʱסˣǹʲô𣿡
ſ޵Ĳ
ϿһۣҲûʲô
˵ţȤˡ־ѹסˡ
˼һ£˵־񣬲ǡĻȻû˵ڣ
ûǿ˵ţˣȥ˯ɡ˵ʧˡ
Ͽʧüͷһ£ܿɿ
ǰʧڴ񼡣飬ҪǱ֪ĻɾͳԲ˶ˡ
ԭЦЦô㻹Ҫȥ״
ֻҪ㲻ҾͰ
룬ðɡҲˡ
ô׾Ӧ£һ˿Ц⣬ת뿪ˡ
ǲǻζŽϵζţһβͣ֡ϵҡš


 79 

峿, ϴ˯, һ϶ֱ塣λ, ֿ˿ϵİ̺, ҡҡͷϴһ£¥ˡ
¥£ͼ̺үү, 㿪˵֡裬Ϻá
̳ͷȻ󿪿ڵǸ𣿡
һ£ſڻţǵġ
ǵĺ󣬱̾һȻ˵飬ˣȴЩζ
үү
̳ҡҡͷʾû¡
Ͽţڵأôûм
̿ţȥˡ
üͷ΢һ£ҸСʲô
̼⸱ӣеЦ˵ţ϶°ҪȻȥ档Ҿͦõġ
ɫһ, Ҿòá
Цһ¡ҲԹԵĳ˷һԵүүˡ
Ͽ˿ҲȥֻǿٵĳûʲôƷ
ڳ
ݹԹԿųͳ, Цſڵѽ
ȿһ۳ȻҲЦһ£ѽš
Ҳ΢΢ͷ, ΢˵á
к󣬳̿ʲô𣿡
˼ͷҵ顣
󣬱Цȥ¥ѧϰȥɡ
ͷá˵ţ㿴ݹԹԣţ¥ɡ
æͷлл硣ȻֳЦһ£ȥ
̿ǣá
ݹԹһǰһ鷿￴۴Ц˵ţʲôҪʵ𣿡
һȡԼڨڨЦһµҵʲôˡ
εҡҡͷǾһɡ
æӦ¡˿ʼһһѧӡ
תۼ䡣õͽˣȻ֮侭˸飬ԡáճǵġáûгá

ݹԹԴҴҴԼ¥ڿүү̣үү̣ҾͲڼҳԷˡҸԼʱ쵽ˡ˵ţſڡ
̼״æ˵ţţƿţ̡˵ţܼҾѾһƿţ̣ߵǰ
ùЦŵáţųȥˡ
ֻ̼óЦЦ
ݹԹԸһţͿվŵĳǶһ£ȻŵҪߵԱߣ׼һ
뷨ûпʼʵʩѾʧˡֻǱˣֱ˵ţš
Ҳֻ÷ߵߣ߰ɡҲ֪ǲѾˡ
￴ԼǰŮޡǴСһ𳤴󣬵òǺ͡
ݹԹԼԼЩɻ󣬵ûᣬǴߴٵ߰ɡ
ͷȻϵţ̣üͷһʵû𣿡
ǰ˻ϵţ̣š
̾һȻӱóΣҲûԡϽ԰ɡ
ЦŽӹá˵ţ򿪳
ٵˡ
౿ֱѵԹԣôأһˡͷ
ݹԹæߵߣĵͷŹһΰɡ㿴㳡ǻûʼ𡣲ġ
ֵ˵ĶͷҺȱ̲裬ԭˡ
ãû⡣˵ţ˱Ц˳
￴Ҳֻεҡҡͷ
ݹԹԿΧˣ̲ס˵û뵽ô˰
˵ţǿɲĽ㳡˭ڴĽһˡеġ
ݹԹһ£Ϊʲô
౰һۣһͲĽʵ˿ĽҪȦˡ˵ţֺٺٵЦ
ͷȻ¶һεı顣
￴ţǱ㲻ɵЦ˳
౼״װ˵ǹˡ
ݹԹԺͳٴ໥˿Ц
ԭװ౼״ҲЦȻѾȥĳæ˵ţǿȥɡ˵ţóƱ˹ȥ
ƾƱ볡ˡ
ΪǵƱṩģT̨ķ
౿ţڴ˵ϾͿԼĽˡÿġ
ݹԹԸŵͷš
̬ȣһֱĲƽ
ûһģ㿪ʼˡΪĽѹᣬŻ
ݹԹԿģǲž޸ߵĸ߸Ьڹ⻬ĵذšţЩ¡
ϵ·Ҳϲġʼ.İۡҲ⼸Ƚóһˡ
һʱ㷢ˣʶķԱͻȻ£Լ԰ס
ҲˣЦ⣬ˡ
ܿ죬ΪѹĽˡ
౿̲סеԹԣԹ쿴
ѵݹԹԣʶһĨ죬Ȼվ
˲䣬Ϊ˳T̨ϵĽ⣬ΪĿˡT̨ϵĽҲ΢΢һ£æӿٶȡ
౺ͳ￴æȥ
ݹԹԿΧ˲ͨ졣˼౵ļϣôҲ̧ͷ
ϴЦ⣬Թԣûµġ
ȴļϣȴ˵ౣǲǹģ
һæСĽţҲǹģֻΪ㿴Ľġ˭֪㡭ĻȻû˵ݹԹȴ붮
ٴβ˵ˡҲ뿴ˡֻ뿪εĵطǣ˿ΧˣֻԼ߿ǵעԼϡֻðʱȥ
ܿ죬Ľĵһ·ˡתǵڶֻʣһ·
ʱվ˵ţǿûһССèռ֮ǼʡĶӰһ꣬ǵĽСӳú˻ɹǲǾĽΪԭġ
˵Ļ䣬ڳ˱׷׿˵ţ
ݹԹڳ˵ϱֹסЦ⣬ҲԴ౵ļƿĿˣΪʲôͻȻ˵
˼Ƕ˵ҲȣصЦһ£ϲλĴ𣿡⻰һڳ۾һ׷׿ڵѵĽҪչʾ·𣿡˵ţڴĿˡ
˼ǶԼҲŷƵ˵ţ
ڳ˼գҲˣǺţĽ塢Ľ塭
˼Ц˵ţðɡҵֵֻܿԼˡ˵ţȥ
ţһСèռ֮Ǽʡ˳һ룬Ľ
ڳϵ˿žͷһɫװ봫ͳװһĸоֻɫƤЬõĽŲһһ
ݹԹԽͷҲѾ౵ļ̧𡣽ϤЩİˡʶĺ˳Ľzhuû˵꣬ͱڳ˵ļڸסˡ
ֻڳ˷ĺţĽ塢Ľ壡
ݹԹҲԼĻѣǸˣվԼˡȻϵ·üͷ΢΢һ£ţ˰Լ·ɡ
౷źţŻŤͷݹԹԣԹԣ̫ˡ
ݹԹԺЦĿ
һҲڹڵĻ
˷ܵ߳㳡ʱʱĿݹԹԣԹԣ̫ˡ·ĺĽ尡
ݹԹĵͷﰵ·ΪǸרŶƵġֻһ׵ġû뵽ԼﻹԿ
š
ʱȴ˺סǣݹԹԣһ¡
һ£Ǹֻһʶˡ
ߵǰҲˣѯʵ˭
˿̬ȣֻ΢΢һ£ЦĽĽҪһ棬𣿡
ݹԹԴһ£ŵ˵۫
ǵġ
ݹԹԼô˵ٴ˵ǲǸˣӦòʶġ
΢΢һЦǲݹԹԣ
ǰ
Ǿˡ߰ɡ˵ţͷ㳡
ݹԹ໥˿ȥɡ
æͷ˵á
üͷȴ΢΢һ¡ǿ˷ܣҲû˵ʲôĸˡ
˸ֻص㳡
ͿոջΪ㳡ȴ١ֻʣ¹ԱϵλĹλ
һ乤ҡ
һȥͿѾһзĽ壬ֻ
౿۾ðȻţĽ尡
Ľʱ̧ͷǿݹԹԣȻſߵˣ΢΢һЦ
ݹԹԿЩɻĺĽ壿
ĽЦһ£ݹԹԡ
ݹԹԼ֪Լе֣ôǵҰ
ĽôֱӣЦһµҵһǩˣôܲǵá
һ¡ȴ̲סе˵ţҲǵһ̫Ҹˡ
Ľʵǣ
ݹԹæܵѣ౺ͳ
ǰһãķ˿ϲġ
Ľ΢΢һ£ȻůЦ˳ϵ˵лл㣬ౡ
౵ˢһµĺˣæֵûʲôûʲô
ĽЦȻݹԹԣݹԹԣҽ󴩵·ллˡ
һ㶣Ȼûʲô˵ţ˶ټʺ㡣
ĽЦһ£ллΪһ·Ҹеܿġ
΢΢ͷû˵ʲô
ĽǼȥԷɡ
౸ҪӦȿڵˣһء
󣬱ݺݵһۣ˵ʲô¡ݹԹԾѾţǰˡһҪ
౶ʱûл˵ˡֻܽĶ࿴Ľ弸ۡ
Ľ󣬱ûΪѣ㲻ˡ
ݹԹЦһ£Ǿˡ˵ţȥ
Ľ忴౵ӣЦһ£ȵȡ˵ţ㳯һԵҪԼƬȻǩ֡Ȼݵ౵ǰ͸ˡ
һ۾һлл˵ţӹ̵Ŀ
ݹԹЩǲźۼĵһۡ
֮Ǳ뿪ˡ
߳㳡ݹԹԿûϢӣ̲ס˵ͷ㿴㣬ûϢ
Ҳ̵ĿƬ޲ȥˡ
ݹԹεҡҡͷȻȥİ
ҲŤͷʲôʱˣ
￴ݹԹԣ㲻˵ȥһĶ˾𣿡
ݹԹԻһ£ǰǲһֱûʱ𣿡
Цھа
ô˵ǿԭˡ
ݹԹԱͷ߰ɡ˵ţǰ·
һ￴ౣ˵ౣϣԺٸ˵Ǹģص顣
౿ѵĽ壬ʲôǸģءңΪʲôҪ˵˵꣬ͲķӦֱǰݹԹˡ
ɫ΢һ£û˵ʲôĸȥ
౻ʱʱĿơ
Ҳֻ۴⡣
֮飬ݹԹԲûв²˵Ķ˾顣
ܿ죬㵽ݹԹԵĶ˾
˽ȥһȥ˿ݹԹԣЦźţԹˡ
ҲЦţš
ǳ౵ͷ󣬾͸ȥæˡ
ݹԹԴԼİ칫ҡվڰ칫ſصЦһ£㿴ȥɲҪԾŶ˵ţӡ
˽ȥһ߽ȥݵż̲סĽ˵ţԹԣкöż˵ţ㿴
Ҳﰵ£ϲż
ʱ͵غһ
ݹԹԺͳﶼŵˡ
ݹԹԿôˣ
ͼѾһĽżԹԣ㾹ȻĽż̫ɶˡ
ݹԹԺЦĿҪҪߡ
۾һ˵Ŀ𣿡
Ŀԡ˵ֿ꣬ҪϲҲһ
ҡͷ˵Ҫ۾һݹԹԵżҡͷ˵ͷáҿ
ݹԹԵͷҸ˵ЩǶһ޶ġ˵ţ˵Ц
һ˵ôûмĽż˵ţֿĵĲ˲䡣
һҲĿһౣû뵽ôáȻߵǸݹԹԵżǰ棬ţҪ
ݹԹԿǳһ£ҪҪһ
ҡҡͷô
ͷΪԼƵģЩġ
ЩʧǺðɡ˵ţҪŻȥ
һƲƲ죬ţһ
ͼݹԹԿڵȻѡˣǸɡҪúñ
õЦһ£ᶨ˵һġ
ݹԹô˵еЩ֡ҡҡͷԺ뷨֮Ժ󡣵ǻҪʲô
￪ڻţȳԷɡ
ݹԹӣһˡ˵ţҴȥʳáķ˲ÿһܺóԡ
౿ð˵꣬˱ʳȥ
Ϊ٣ʳҲ󡣲õȴܰ
󿴿ҿȻСݹԹԶ˵Թԣ˴ŶöԪ
ݹԹҲЦСĻţΪǶϲҲǴʲô
˽ĵͷ
ú÷ˣڲϳ
￴ݹԹԣţţĽ󴩵·Ƶ𣿡
ݹԹʶҡҡͷȻֵͷƵġ
ţ㲻ˡ
ܿ죬Ǳ극ֿʼ


 80 

ݹԹԿԵĳ, ô
޵ĵͷ, ܺð
ֱӿ˵Թ, Ժ򹤰ɡ
ݹԹЦ, ðӦòͬɡ
˰֣ǣԼͿġ
Ҫ, æתƻǻؼҰɡʱ䲻ˡ춼úˡ
ݹԹһʱ䣬治ˡͷͬð
౿˵ھӿáһҪһ˻ؼҡ
ݹԹԿס
һ£ҡͷǲҪˡҼͷӲ顣
ݹԹţ͵ſڣٻȥ
룬á˵ţ˳һøлҵ
￴ˣǲû˵ʲô
, ౼ȥ
·ϣݹԹԺߴߴ˵ŻһʱʱĲϼ졣
ܿ죬౼ҡȥ, ݹԹԺͳ˱תߡ
ݹԹԿųﻳﱧŵżЦ˵ţҪҪȱŰ·˵עġ
￴һۣûϵֲʶǡ㻳Ѿһˡ
ݹԹԼô˵ЦȻڵ⼸ĩȥ˾, оôû˵㰡
ҡҡͷĻţû˵ҡǻͦƵġ
˽ĵͷһΪСء˵ţֿĵЦ
Ҳû˵ʲôĿȻû۸ǻ˵ģЩ˿СһЩɲСˡţһ˿
˺ܿ쵽ˡ
ݹԹԿųȽȥˡ
ͷ
ݹԹż˵ҪˡųúõŶ˵꣬ٴθкתܽȥˡ
￴󣬲תżԼҡ
һңͿŵЩ̣æǰĺ̡̡
̱ˡǵ۾ԴãĿ
˵̣طȥϢɡ˵̲꣬ѹ
Ŀˣ
ͷˡȥϢɡ
̿ô
ûĻţܿġҪû౾ͺˡһ䵱Ȼ˵ġ
̼ЦǾͺá˵ţֲΡΡվ𣬵̾ȥϢˡ
æط䡣˵ţѻżķŵɳϡ
̿˿û˵ʲôֻЦЦ
ѳͻط󣬱ٴ׼żطȴżˡ
ʱЩңںŹܼңܼүүҷɳϵż𣿡
ܼүүҡҡͷȴ˵ţҿС߲֪ǲҧˡ
һæ¥طˡ
˷䣬ͿС߲ҧǸż
ЩƲסĺţС߲
С߲Ǵһ£ȻˣЩס
ȻͼＸǰùżС߲˭㶯żģ
С߲˼ѵǸС߲𣿡
Ļﲢ⣬ֻЩ˵ţС߲ҵģ㿴ڶĿˮ
С߲󣬱Щίġһ
״ԭҲ˵С߲Ժûҵҧ֪𣿡
С߲ûġһǲ֪ǲˡ
￴մС߲ˮż¥ȥϴ·ʼϴ
һߣݹԹܽͿίİְ֣ҪϷүү̡
Ͽţȥ棬Ϊʲôְ˵ְԭҲ׼ȥء
һ£ɻ˵û˵𣿡
ԹĻţûС
ûУһ£ǿˡ˵꣬ϵɫ͸Թˡ
ݹԹԺЦĿǰϵżݹȥ͸㣬ô
ǿһۣݹԹԺƵżЩɶԼòײſгʱ䣬ڼҴһ졣㻹ЩԸ
ûнӹȥһתҪˡȥɡ˵ţҪߡ
æţš
ͣתżĻˡ´ĩҸһȥ˾һ졣òã˵ţקĸ첲
ţҲֻˣǾԼˡ
ЦصԼˡ
Щ飬ĵĿ˵𣿶
ûأأ
һûԣæŹܼң׼͡ȻŻţǳˡһûء
ǰְ֣һԡ
ЦŻţá
ܿ죬ܼұѷ˶ҶݹԹϲԵġ
Ͽţ԰ɡһӦöˡ
ûƴǣԱ˵ţʵáȥĽ㡣һȥ˶٣Цŵˣ˵Ժ׼ȥ﹤ء
һ˵ʱʱĵͷ
һ˱Աˡ
ݹԹӣĴһáźǿɰ
Ͽţ˵ҪҪһ𿴻Ƶ
ЦŻţð˵꣬һ˱һ˵ӡ

ݹԹԴźȦȥѧˡѧУſϣ˯
౿ʵԹԣϺŵ𣿡˵ţһۺĳ
ݹԹûʲôĻţûСֻҰһ𿴵ӡҲֻˡ
౿Цǿְ˰ɡ
εĵͷǰԭȥ棬һȥˡԾЩ˶٣Ц˵ҲûϵҺ챧ȥһҵżҰְ׾ͱҺˡ
ҲЦȻſϾضԶ
ţ彩һ£΢΢Цһ¡
ܿ죬Ͽεʱ䡣ݹԹֿʼճ֡ȻûΣεı飬ʦ㲻ˡ
Ϊ⼸꣬ʵѧᣬϾߡѧĻֱ߸س
ҲûзԡϾ֪ԼмＸ
سǾǻϸʦҲ츳Ծѧȥ
ÿεȫ꼶һγĶԱȡ
ౣÿεȫ꼶ڶ׳϶ܲԸ
һֱ˸УҲڡ
ݹԹѧϰȴ֪ѾƮ˺δСʱԼְ˵ͯͯ˵ԼҪǼһķɳʱЩ졣ʱԼЩ֪ߵغ񰡡
ȻԼԣȴԵġţǱаЦݡ
תۣ¿ˡ
ݹԹԣˡ
عŽ̨Ѿ뿪ʦһſϡȻ󿪿ڵԺʲô
౿ǲڴʲô⣿
𣿡װɵûаֻʡ
౲ŵĿ϶˵뵽ʲôˡҸոնЦˡ
ٺ١Цһ£͸ҰɡԺʲô
౿һۣȷ֪
ͷȷ
֮󣬾ͼһ˵ţȻǣԱɽˮ㰡˵꣬˱Ц
ݹԹԿҲô˵뷨ôûб䰡
Ʋһۣôˣ߾硣
⻰һĳЦֱͶ̥ɡ
౻ͷЦǲҪȭͷζ
ݹԹæվˣˡǲ˵ţౣ費ġ
̾һ軹õ㡣Ұ֣ǸϹŰ塣Ҫȥʲôʦ
ݹԹ۾һʦǰôû
֣룬ҰַҪȥ
ͷǻ
εЦһ£ﲻЩϿβѧ仹ƤѧҺ޲ֱ֡⻹ã
һæҡͷǻ˰ɡ
Цɿ֣ˡ˵뵽ʲôˣҪ
˼Ŀһۣ㲻Ǵ
źߡ౸һʾ
ǣȥ춫ͱ˵Ͽĳ͸Ǹһ
ţٴ̲סڵԹԣڿЦңһᰲˣȥĵط
룬ǻ˰ɡ
౼ô͸Ŀˣǻûÿ֣󣬲ÿ˵Թԣ뷨ܲܲҪôİ
಻۵ⲻ𡣹ؼֲ˯ֻ쿪ˡ
εִų½ڿνһ½ڿΣ㻭ҵ衣ÿѧô
һӦá
ţҲ뽻񣬵ǿ˿ŤͷԼֻ÷ˡ
ʺͷߺޡԴõ˵ԼģտʼãһֱԼһЩδ¡ˡ
õԼδ飬ϵమ顣ÿÿһҸӡÿι½꣬ʹŹ½ԼҪصԼļͥС
ÿλعʵֹסΪΪŻ
ҲֻǿţȻԼ͸ñعˡ
ԣԼÿοݹԹҸЦݣǾúܴۡһַ뷨Ǿʧһֱ뷨¶
ΪҪһʵʱʱҲҪˡһʱ䡣ţͷЦһ¡

ϿԵˣ޿κε˵񼡣ʲôȥ򡣲Ҫڸˡ
ȴţҪҾҪ㡣
ЩյĿȻ󺰵½ʿ
һ½ʿ˽ôˣһԵ񼡣ֱӸˡ
ȴûзŹ½ʿߡ
½ʿɫһ䣬ϰ壬ǲҪ˰ɡ
Ͽϰ壬ϰ塣ߡ˵ţЩͷ۵Ϸ
½ʿЦһ£С㣬ҳȥɡ
ֱ˵Ҫ
½ʿʱεĿϣϰ塭
վ㲻뿪ߡ˵ţվȥ
Ҳæϡ
ͣ½Ų㵽Ҫʲô
񼡿ֻҪԭҡҾߡ
ɫһ䣬ܡ˵꣬Ҳû뿪ǻصλϣʼļҲ½ʿһֱ
񼡼״ǲëֻҪԭңҾͿˡΪϡߴˡ
Ͽ߰
ΪҲ롣ĻţҪΪƹҵ״ҲŲء
Ͽ⸱ӣЦŻһԵ½ʿ˵½ʿҸĿᡣ
½ʿһ£ɵ˵𣿡
ϵһۣȥ
½ʿ״ͷҪߡͼѾѿӵ˵ϣΪϡ˵꣬˳ȥ
ϼ뿪ˣһȻԹŹΪʲôҪڰ͹ţҡҡͷ칫ˡ
½ʿҲ˳ȥ
¥·ϡ·ϵˣǷꡣҪֱӰˡֻƹֻǿˡ
ţ㿪ʼſԳԷĵط
ܿ죬ҵһҲ˿Ȼʹҡڵ˽ȥ
һȥͿһԵˣš
ʱԱǰλŮʿԼ𣿡
ͷǰôˣ
Աһǣ¶Ǹɫ˼Ϊ˽ڣӽ쿪ʼֻò͡㲻ò͡
ԭڸˡû˵ʲôתˡ֮һ£Żˡ
ЩҲҵĴܳûˡ
ţ뿪ˡЩȴˡ
һĻֱӰǵ磬˵񼡣ʲôأ
ŪһԼ·ʲôҲûôˣ
ţʲôҲû˼ʧ𣿡
͵Ŀһ¡𣿡
˵ţҪ㣬ھͼȥˡﻹҪһ
Цһ£á˭ȥ˵ҵġ
Բġֱһ֣αԭ͡
ԭͣһֻꡣ
ԼӣŭĿʲô
˵ţʲôʱˡʲôʱȥɡ˵꣬ǰʧˡ
ҪԭͣôС
˿Լ壬ֱȥһȫĵطȻֱȥ˰õֱõһ꣬˲õھͻһˡ
ռҵ壬ڻҲġԭԭȵİõӵЩԹƻĵĶΪ񼡡
ԭԼҲǺ֪ԼԨԴԲŻһֱ
Ȼһˣ⡣ΪһˣǿԱƵġ
ţվһԼλãֱԼķӲԶˡϼҵķӶ硣ֱתȥˡ
ʱֻصԭȵλãһĻ̾һʧˡ


 81 

õҲ, һź, ˸Ϣ˳ˡ
ӵϢ, ֱӸţȥģʱһ㱨֮, һֱעš
ֱӻ˸ok㿪ʼŰõ
ûзԼСβͣһȥϡȻ׾ߵ, Ҳֻ¥µȣܼϡ
˼ϣһ߸Ϣһ߼۲졣
ֻϵϲõƬ̵´棬Цһ¡
ԼϣҲͷĵˡҪֱȥǻûϵݣͱסˡ
ǣǲֱ͡ԼǹƻˡȻֵߵ, Ҳλá
һ򿪵ţͿ׼ȥϺ½ʿõϣ, 㵽ʲôʱԭң
Ϻ½ʿסˣϴһɵ˵񼡣
ͷôˣ
ɫһ, 
Ҫ
Ͽ
ҲǾ䣺ҪڵΪʲôҪȥҸо
ϼ˵Ҫ˵Űɡ˵ֱ꣬תһˡ
Щ⣬Ҫϡͼ½ʿססһֱ绰бˡϳȥˡ
վ棬ôţǱЦһ¡Ȼ׼ȴ֣Լȥˡ
ɫһ䣬׼ٴԵʱȴǸոһôҲȥ
ʱһݻţеЩЦ֮ϵı󣬱ߵǰڵõõôˣ
õ̧ͷ˵ţ˭
ԭӵȻЩɰһԭÿɰ˲ʧˣƤЦⲻЦĿڵ
󣬱㡰ŶһȻҪȥǳ档ôҲȥ
ֱӰ˳󣬲ſڵõ㵽Ҫڵʲôʱ򣿻ϣǰԵ𣿡
һ£ȻЦЦĿԭ
ӣеЩ֣ɻĿʲô˼
ȴûлشǼҪǲСЩͷˣȥԶ
ЩֵֹеЩԾ˵ﲻԾ˳⣬ȥˡ
ȥõֱӲĵһѷˡ
ҲûֹֻζĿȻͼͶʼ
һʼνԾֱӿֹõˡ
ƲһۣԷٶȲ
״һȻɵĿõôˣ
Ҳûֱ˵ţҲǰõ˵ţĺһϡ
󣬱ʶĵõõҪЦˡ
һۣô롣
̬ȣͻȻú˵ǰõɵĿڵ㲻ǰõ˭
̧ͷ߰Ļţҽ񼡡
ʼĬȻĬĬͳֻ棬ͨһ绰绰ܿͨҲѸٵ˵ţȥһҽ
һ㶣Ȼ߳ŭĿΪɵˣ
ԣ񼡡Ҫ˸񡣡ԭΪǰõĵڶ˸
Цһ£ת뿪ˡ
ţæֻһţȻæˡǸߵſھͱסˡ
Ա۴ĿλһûиǮء
һæó㡣˵ţʱʱĿ档
ԱҲụ̂ǿٵĸˢãһ䣺ףƽȻһû
ֻһõߣǲûпõһ¡ţæóֻǸٰõ˴绰
绰ͨٵ˵ţģ
ţڲ̳
󣬱æȥ̳
ܿͿ˰õӰ
ǰõôˡ첻ȥ𣿡
ͣסŲת񼡣ǰõ㲻Ҫдˡ˵꣬
ţæĿڵ񼡣Բһʱûϰߡ
ûдˡǿʼƯ·
ҲһԸʱʱľ˵һЩǵ顣
ԭţĻԽԽͷֱӵͺɡ˵ЩҶ֪񼡣ǰõԲҪڸ˵ˡ
ЭĿں񼡡û뵽ǣкܳһʱֻܺ񼡡
񼡼ĿˣŷߡǼ
ţҲֹԼǮſڵס񼡣ȥһҽ
Ʋһۣ˵㡣˵꣬㿴ԼĶ׼ؼҾԡ
ô˵ֱӿȥҽԺˡȥҽˡóĽǣ˵˸ˡԲŻи˸ĳ֡ܵˡֵʱŻ֡
ڻȥ·ϡͻȻڵҲҪס
ɻ˵ʲôҪסǣ
񼡲ͷĽţ˵ҲҪסҽĵط
һ£Ϊʲô
Ļţ̫Сˡ
Цһ£ܿǾȥס˵ţȥ
񼡲ŲȥģֻҪȥĵطСԭֵĵطʵǰõԼҪסģסġ
һһ
񼡿˿⡣ȻȻķԸҰЩýȥ˵꣬˽ȥ
ǰȻͬԸͻȻúȤǲûԼýȥǽ˹ܼҡ
⼸϶ļ̳˹⹫ĲƲڵĲԸҼеһƴ
߽ȥ󣬾ͿѾѡ˷䣬Ȼҷ䡣
ѡķ䣬ǲɹҲһ䷿û뵽ôѡ
񼡼˵ţ㡣
ع񣬶һԵĹܼҵ˷ȥɡ
ܼţõġ˵꣬Ѵ˹ȥ
Ÿе⡣
ֿһһһǰ֮ͬͻȻţѴǰһֱţۺĿһۡ
񼡲Ǽȥ׼ԵġҶˡ˶٣Ҫ⡣á
ĻԽȤˡ
***
磬½ʿϵϰ壬Ǹڰõ𣿡
һ£ȻţӦ
½ʿǵ˵ţӦòǳʲôɡ
ϷҲ
½ʿԭ˵ʲôͼѾ۵ϣûڿˡ
ϱ۾ͻȻ̿Ϊһ顣Ǿǰʱ䡣Ҳ꣬ʮʱ
ȷǣӦǱ˹ƻˡʱ½ʿһ񼡾Ȼڰõϣĵδᷢʲôţϵİ̺ۡ
Һ󣬾ͿѾҵţͲ֪ʲôʱ顣ʶ¶ůЦݣݹԹ˵ţϺð
ݹԹԿĵЦŵְ֣ôô簡
ϿΪְˡԾȻˡ⻰һݹԹԱˣ˶ɫ
ϵȻҲǵǿ飬ôˣ
黹ûػݹԹԾæЦ˵ţְ֣֪֪
ϱЦſ˵
һ飬ȻЦ˵˾Ҫˡ
΢΢һ£㿴飬ֻҸı飬˵˭صĹá
ݹԹæ֣֪֪
ϼЦ⿴٩ʲôʱͨ
Цһ£Ҳͨǡţ˾˵ĶĹùá˵꣬㿪ĵЦ
Ͽ飬ûз֪ġ㿪ڵϲʲôʱл񰡣
Цص¸¡˶٣Щ˼˵ţ׼顣¡
һ£ʮģ
ǵġ
ͷԡ˵꣬һ
ݹԹҲæ˵ţҲҪȥ
ãȥ鿴š
ͬˣ㿪ĵҪ׼ĶȻҲ׼ʲô׼һ
ʱڵˣԷɡ˵꣬Ǳˡ
ԷʱϵĿⲻɵÿݹԹԣһתѾôˡѾǰǸҪСŮˡ
ٹͳˣٹ꣬Խˡ뵽⣬㲻ôʡ
̿һԵ飬С飬ô
һ£ȻòĻţˡȥΡҵµȤ
󣬱ĵͷͺá
ܿ죬˱ˡ
ݹԹԣԹԣ˾˰һ¡
ƵĿʵʲô£
Щ˼˵ţ˾ҪһСèϵС
ԭ˾Ҫ򣬵һӾͱˡ
˵ţҲѾ˾𣿡
ӣţ͸Сġ
ЦЦĿһۣȻðɡ
Ҫ˵лл
ͼ˵ţ
ЩżĿʲô
ݹԹԼżӣЦҪҵ˵ţ˫ֲӺǿɰ
鿴ţЦԡ
ӦҲͬǾ˾ʲôʱҪ
졣
Ǿ˾ˣȥðɡһҪѧء˵ţЩɥ
鿴ȤԹԣôϲѧ
ôˣ𣿡һۣѧѧĭǲѧ
鿴ţҿְֳ㣬Ȼ͵Űɡ
ֱϣ˵Ұְ־Ǻá
ϿţǵЦôҲֹסˡ
̼״ǵһۣȻˣȥϢɡ컹Ҫѧء
ݹԹһȻЩɥ˵ţõģ̡֮󣬱ת¥ˡ
ҲԻطˡ
Ͻ硣Ȼε˹濪ڵ֪Ǹ񼡸ڰõʲôʱ뿪
ĬһſڻţԺǰõˡˡ
һ£ô£
ûиֱͣӻţţԺǰõ
һȻͻȻڵһǲŸƻ˵ģ
κܿţҲ
һʲô˼
ȴûлش𣬶ֱʧԭء
ϿʧĵطͻȻЦһ¡
ţ˹滹ڵ죬һˮȥ鷿칫ˡ
ֱ۾ûȥ¥׼һˡ
ݹԹԴ¥Ѿ¥µİְ֣ǰְ֣ȥѧУɡ˵ţգգ۾
ϿЦð
ͬˣĵЦְ֣ˡ
֮󣬳ͣϱԿȥѧУˡ
ϣݹԹԿϣְ֣׼ʲôʱҸ谡
һ£ȻţҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷǡ
ϲţʲô
ٺٵЦһ£ţҪܵܡ
һЦţ¸ĩȥһ˹¶Ժɡ
Ϊʲô
Ͽ˵ţְֲûнĴ㡣Ҫܵܣȥɲһ
ǲСְԺҪû㣬Ҹöİ
Ҹɫȴ˵ţԺҪ뿪ְְ֣𣿡
˵ǲһ
ʵʲôһ
ǲһ
Ц˵ţãһͲһ֮󣬴ţôͻȻ뵱ˣ
˳ŻţƯ˵ҲҪء
𣿡
ͷǰ
һֱı顣ܿ죬ѧУݹԹ³ˣְ֣ҽȥˡ˵ţһ¡תѧУˡ
Ͽ߽ѧУ󣬲ſ뿪
ݹԹԽѧУ󣬾æܵҡѾ˵ౣæǰĵС˵Ҿ˾Ҫùˡ
һ£Ȼʵʲô
ݹԹԿظһ飺Ҿ˾Ҫùˡ
æϲĿ𣿡
ͷȻҾ˾˶Ѿ׼ˡ
һ˵˵̫ˡҹùڼ޳ȥˡ˵꣬㿴ʲôʱ򰡣
ЦŻţ졣ˣù˵
æͷҲ˵
ļһҾ˾˽ˡҪҲͬˡ
󣬱Ҹҹù˵˵Ҳǰˡ
æͷҾġ
ʱĳݹԹԣţ˾˻ȱ𣿡
ݹԹԻعͷЦҲ֪Ҫҿʡ˵ţЦ
һɫ΢Ļţʰɡ
ˬӦ£á
౿Цǲû˵ʲôǼݹԹ˵Ļ
ݹԹԿౣ˵Ҿ˾˻ͦġ׼˽ȥ顣ÿ˽ڶǵļա
Ц˳ʵҲȻҪѡ˽ڣǵļվһ
ЦĿǡ
ֱ׳ĿôˣҾ˵ĺܶԡ
Цŵͷǣԡ
ǻ죬ĬĬذѵǰƣԸõ˵Ļ


 82 


ݹԹԱߴ·, ߸Ƶ, ţ, ùó𣿡
౵ӵ绰ͷ, ûСҿĺƯˡҹ׼ȥ˽ˡ
һµٶȱˣһ˵, 㡣ȥԼõĵطϡ
Ӧá
֮󣬵绰Ҷˡ
ݹԹԻ·¥ȥ
¥£Ϳװİְ֣Ҳװⲽľ˾ˡ
¥ž˾ӣЦȻ󿪿ʵ˾ˣȥ𣿡
ͷţѾõˡллԹԡ
˰֣ţû¡
Ͽڵ, Ͱɡ
ЦӦá˵꣬ȥ
һ, ˡ
ЩŵĿǣǿһôҪҪٻһ·ҾôʺϣͷǲҪȥһ£СС
ݹԹЩЦ, ôҲû뵽Լľ˾ˣȻôġҲ֤ˣӦǺϲĹùõġվǰżļ򣬵˾ˣѾ˧ˡõˡ
Ȼ˵ţ黹Щ𣿡
ϼҲȥǰصıһƣˡ
æµ۰˵ţûľȴԷ
ݹԹԴЦ⿴˵˾ˣҪҪ
һʱ䣬ֶŵˣæǸóˡ˵ţЩҵȥ
ݹԹԺ໥˿ﶼкЦζݹԹæţ˾ˣ𿪳ˡ˵ţǰһȥɡ
ʱѾЩ˼ͷûϵѾ侲ˡҵĳ׼Ķ
ݹԹô˵ֿ˿侲ˡŷĵ˵ţСĵ㡣
ͷЦŵ֪ˡ˵꣬żᶨĲųȥ
ݹԹԺҲųĺ档һҲ
ݹԹԿ˿ͳﶼûһλǵĵ
ʱ
ĸŴƯƯЦһ£ÿȥɣСȼˡ
ɫһ죬衣
ĸ״٩Ҫڼҡ
ɫһ죬˶ŵˡ˵꣬ŰСܳȥˡ
ڳԶ౿ţæϵ꣬¥Ѹٻһ·Ȼ׼š
ͼĸʵСౣȥ㲻˰ɣ
ƲƲ죬̣˵ʲôء
ĸţȻûҪȥʲô
౿˿յС˵ţԹԵľ˾׼ҹù顣ȥڡ
ĸ۾һ𣿡
϶˵ţȻġˣˡȻ͸ϲϿˡ˵꣬ȥ
ĸεûЦſߡ
ܿ죬˱һ
ݹԹԿౣСЦ˵Ҹ˵ϣҾ˾ǽһšѰġ
Щȣ𣿡
ġۿġҰְִһ£źõ㡣˵ţЦ
ҲЦ˾̫ҹùðɡ˵ţ㿴һԵĳǲ
һ£Ȼ΢˵ţɡ
౼⸱ӣЦ
ݹԹԿǣоЩ֡۾һ㿴æͷ˵ͷҿùˡ
һҲæͷ
ﻹûзӦݹԹԿűְֱͷҴյ˵ţĹù÷ǡ
ĬĵͷĶȴǸˡ
౿һĻԾ¶ĸЦ
ݹԹûǣǿͼ˽һλϡһһȵġıûˡ
ҲˣСʵԹԣ˾ʲô׼
ݹԹһ߹۲һ߻ţҲǺֻ֪Ҿ˾Ҫ˶ذ棬ľͲ֪ˡ
󣬱ҹùϲǸˡذ档Ҹоҹùÿ϶̴Ӧġ˵ָ꣬пһ䣺˾˿
ţǿɲϾҾ˾ҲѾʮˡѶҪˡ
ͬĵͷҹùҲǡҪڼ޲ȥ̳˸˸ˡ
˵ţ㿪ڵˡСʦ֡
һ˵æס죬û֣һ
౿˿˾ʲôʱ
ݹԹҿ˿ûп˾˵ӰŻţҲӦѾˡǲ֪ôû
˵šһߣϿ飬ε˵㵽߲ߡ˼Ѿˡ
Цһ£˵ˡ
ϿûϢӣְ𣬵Ȼһ¡
󣬱ʶİ˵ģһ¡
ӹȥˡ
ϼڻ̲סʹһ£ȥ
ҲûзԣǴӳó׼õ廨ذĶҪָЩϺ󡣱ڵλȥ
Ҳ
˿ſڣ˿ֻ³ȻűЩ˽ȥ
һ۾Ϳ˴Ưǰ
Ҳͬʱװﻹõ廨һӡﲻԾţ׼ʲô
û뵽Ѿչʾˡ
ֻǰһ޵õ廨ݵǰӹһǾơ
ֻӰһϥŵأóһСӣ˵С޸Һòã
ʱסˣ˵ֻӿˮȴ֤ûз

һӹȥˡû˵ΧҲ˼ںţһһ𡣡ֻܸͶȥһ
౿һĻֿ˿ԼĹùãǴסˡ̾һĬĬߵа֣ĺ󱳺ݺݵһš
ŻعۺˮЦŵ˵á
ԭѾ׼飬һáʧı˲ʧӰ١ֹסĲõ΢Ц
ȻԻŵĴ򿪺ӣѽָóָϡţվ𣬰˻
Χ˲ԼͬĹһ˵ŹϲĻ
һŴĻͨţǸʲô߱㿴ذĶ
Цһ£͸ϣϲ
Ŀţʵʲô
΢ֶŮذ涯
һ۾ȻѸײڶ֮ˣұ˻ĵ˵ţлл㡣
鿴ͻȻһЩʧı飬ԼԺüͥλԹԶ硣ţæҡҡͷµ뷨ҡ⡣
౿ţЦҪ֪Ժ뷨϶ĸǺпܵġ
ʱݹԹվС˵һ
һڣ˶
Щƣʲô
ǲû˻ش
ǻûסݹԹԱֻðϣȻݸ飬˾ˣǸոյȫ̡Լղذɡ
ЦŽӹллԹԡ
˰֣û¡
ʱǰݹԹԣţոǾһѧİ
ҿ˼ҶĻţô
ɫĿţԺ˵Ҳܸ
ȻЩ£ǵͷӦµá
ϼӦˣĵͷ
Զ䡣
ȥˡ
ݹԹһϣһȥˡ
౿ųŮ壬̲סųͶȥһ浹ùһֻ
ֱˡ
ûзֵǣڸոĵطһˣˣǡɾ񼡺
񼡿һĻЦһ¡ȴǲţʲô
Ĳ֪ſڻţ顣ҶҲ
һɫһ䣬Ҷ˵ˣҲǰõǲҵĻ
Э˵ţǣ֪񼡡ҪҪڶһ˶٣æĿڵ˵ǣҪҪ顣
񼡼ĿˣЩ⣬Ȼ棬𣿡
ͷҡҡͷʢ˵ô
룬ûͦ˼ġϾԼȥֻܴͷð
˵ãǵҵİŰɡ
ĵͷǰ㡣ȴڿϣ顣
׾ͷˡһ˿ŭȴûп˵ʲôһǰĿȣ
ذ涯ֿ˿ȥ飬㿪˵С飬ȥƵɡ
һ㶣Ȼɫ΢˵ţðɡ
˰֣ûʲôõġ˵ţľƵȥ
Ҳֻܸȥˡ
˱˸ľƵ꣬˾Ƶ귿ЩнȴûκθоǿٵڵǰСóذ涯˽ȥ
鿴ĶͻȻԼǲʲôߵߣƽĿڵСôʲô
ͷҲصĻţȻ㲻֪౶СϸҿԹԵĶֻȥӰԺҲʱʱȥӰԺǸذҲû˶٣˵ţذˣȻҪˡ
ԽɫԽѿЩ΢˵Ƶ꣬Ϊ˿
ɴֵĻţǰ˵꣬ˡһ𿴰ɡ֮󣬱ɳϣ˶
̾һûзԼԣԭҪ뿪룬ˣϾԼϲ⸱ӡţԱߣһ˳㰲οοԼ˵ġ
Ͽų˵Ҫȥ氡
ݹԹһ£ŻţûҪȥĵط
Ļ̾һЩ޿Ŀαϡ˵ˡ
ţȥ԰ô
ݹԹԲǺܸȤҡҡͷѾȥ˺ܶˡȥˡ
ϼô˵ĵţȥģ
˰죬û㿴һԵ౺ǰĳȥģ
౿Цһ£ԡȴ²ţȥưɣְڣȥ𡣻𣡣
￴˿ֿ˿Աߵϣ˵ȥô
ݹԹˣ۾һð
ϼô˵Ǿȥݰɡ˵꣬㿪ˡ
ݹԹЩڴȥݣ̲ס˵ԭһֱҪȥݣÿζû뵽㾹Ȼˡ
Цһ£Ȼ߲ԾĿϡûʲôӦһȻ˵ΪǰһֱǡԭԼȥģ룬˰ɡ
ϾлкǾɡ
ܿ죬˱㵽˺ݡ
౺ͳҲѾ顣ȥˡ
һȥ㿴˳ĺﶼǸʽ㡣
ݹԹ۾գĿҲʶһ¿ˮΪţЩӦúܺó԰ɡ
ϿţǱֹס
Ǳ
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵硣
ݹԹЩĴ߳
Ͽţ˵ˣţְ´ٴô
ͷáȻ󿪿˵ţҲ̫ɰ˰ɡ뱧ؼҰǸСܣҲǳɰġ
Ļ۾һ£û˵ʲôţౣౣؼҰɡ
౿һɫûƴǵĿ˵ллˡ
Цһ£û¡˵꣬㿪ȥˡ
֮ϱ㿪ؼˡ˼ſڣųˣҲϽؼҡ
õģݲ´μ˵űֳݹԹԵͷ³ˡ
Űѳҡ
³һԵݹԹԣҪʲôְֽ
һ۾һҪ԰ְֵ档
Цһ£˵á֮ϱһѩ˿档˶̵ĳűȥϢˡ
ﵽҺ󣬿ſԼ̣ů㼸ǰ裬Ϣȥɡ´βõˡ
۾صû¡ҲǺô
Цһ£ԡÿһȥ˾
̵ͷá
ŷȥ
ȻԼҲˡңŽ췢飬Цһ¡ԼǵݹԹԣǸһˡ
ϣ¸˽ڣֻһţ㱧Ǹż˯˹ȥ
౵Һ󣬾ͿѾ˵ĹùãеɻĿڵùãôô簡
ţ԰һϵĶȻţô𣿡
ʱĸĿô˵ô˼Сȥȴ˼ҾƵ￴һĶǲҰ
ţһ㶣Ȼ͹Ц˳ֲ֧˵ùãôôܰ
ǵһۣȻεĿĸ裬ʲô𣿡
ĸ⸱ӣѾû˵ˣֱվתˡ
״ҲûǱŶˡ
౿ţæȥùãĸ˵͸ԹԵľ˾ھƵ꿴һĶ
ͷǰ
꣬ٴ̲סЦȻ󿪿ڵҲͬҲá˵꣬ûӦæˡ
ߣҲû׷ֻЦŻصԼķ䡣


 83 

, 鷿, ϵļ, ЦȻԭԼȴ񼡵, ˯աĬĶ
񼡺ܿ͸оˣã˫, ͷ˵ʲô
ˣЦһʶϣ
ţصʲô£ǲв˵ţҪ˯ȥ
ݺݵקĸ첲㻰ҪǲشĻ͹ҡ
һŭˣֱ𣬽۾ҹ£
һ, ۾ɢһ£Ȼֱӹˡ
񼡼£Ÿе⡣ûп, һ΢ĶڿһС
񼡱ּ˯
һȻŻָʶָʶ, ԼĶͷȣɻֿ˿ڴϺ˯񼡣ǾЩ˼顣Ȼվȥֱȥ鷿
鷿ŸոաԼôµģһӡûС򿪵ԣ㿪һƵ
ŻԼüͷʼһһظšͣ໥
һ󣬿ʼˡ
֮󣬱һѵԡԽԽֱӹˡ
ǿЩͻȻ뵽һְҵ顣ǾǴʦ
ţͳֻԸҼȽϿ׵Ĵʦ
źú󣬱㿿αϣ⼸Լõ
տʼǻǺܶģ֪ʲôʱ֮˸ҡǺĸҡΪԼȥӦ鿪ʼİɡ
ȻõǸ˵ӣԼ֪Ѿˡ˵һʼͽֻϲԼǰԼֻԼˣҪиĸ׺͸һļͥҪһҸļͥ
ЩԼԽԽԶǰõҲԽԽ֡ȥһСҡȻһʼΪʲôһ顣ȥˡһֻĹ¡
֮Լ㿪ʼ˸жʱʱȥǡҲֹֻǵʱԼǻ䳰ȷ
Ҳʲô˵ֻźڵڣȴһˡ
ʵԼһָоĲˡԼ鷢
Ҳ͹֪Ϊĵڶ˸񡣵Ǹոյ£ȴǸĲǰõˡ
ţȭͷս

֮񼡴ĴЩԺĿΧȻŵĵطȴѾˡüͷ
Ȼ´¥Ϳ¥ų͵
ߵǰôˣ
װ׵Ŀʵʲôˣ
񼡼ɻӣüͷ
״㿪ڵ񼡣ҪҪ³㡣˵ֿ꣬ûдЬվһѰˡѵôЬ¶˵ţ˵ϡȻŹܼҵܼңѷ˵Ьù
񼡿ĶЩ¡ȴǴѵԼеˡǿŲϵͣ˵Ҫ⡣Ϊʲôû⡣
ţЦһ£ĵ˵ĶͷСɵϣ˭һϾͳⰡ
ٴˣֲԾķڸոĵط
ŵţҵ𣿡˵ţҪָࡣ
ʶһ£ȻסţʲôҲû˵¥ֻ¥ʱ򣬻ͷһۡͿϵЦ⡣Ȼ󲽷ˡ
ߺǵЦ³ֻţǱ¶Цݡ
ܻط̲סԼؿڵλáΪڲϼٵţҪĸо
ڴϣŸոĶеɻ󣬵ȴɵú
һ
ŵ񼡣ͻûԡ˵⣬ұˮӣڵġԼ˵ţŽˡ
ֻһӣ˵ˮһ
񼡼ˣŬԼ˵ǰɡһԼԡ
Цһ£ţá˵ţˡûгȥǿ񼡣Ҵȥ棬ô
һϲЩΪѣԼĻոǿڴ񣬱ͷðɡҪȥĵطǺĵطĻҾ͡Ҿʹ㡣
ţЦáţּ˵ţ԰ɡˡ˵꣬߳ȥ
߳ȥʶסؿڣģôֿʼˡõ岻ëɡţ㿴㡣˼룬´
ص鷿ŵľٶЦݡȻóֻŵһҺͷȥ԰׼һЩ˵꣬Ҷ˵绰ŵԡ
񼡺ܿˡǲûȥǿʼ¹·֪ôģ봩Ư·һȥ档
СʱȥˡŴáȻ˳ȥһȥ㿴վſڵһ´˵ʲô
æűǸ˵Բſڵ㣬û뵽ŵˡ˵ִ꣬ȫ޵Ư
˲ˡлл˵꣬Ÿ߸Ьȥ
Ҳæˡ
¥£ͼſԼ
΢΢һ£ȻǵЦǰ߰ɡ
񼡿ǿͷ߰ɡ˵꣬˱Ŀĵȥ
ܿ죬԰ſڡ
񼡿ǣʵİ
֪۾Щȴ˵ţ԰
棬ü˺öడ
Цһ£ûϵһᱣġ
仰ԭ˵ҪȥĻ˵ˡֻ³Ҫǲ棬Ҿʹ㡣
ЦŻţõġ˵꣬һһϽӹƱ˽ȥ
ԭҪѵΪʲôҪԼıӰ˵ˡֻ˽ȥ
档Щ˵ĻЦЩΪʲôôġ
ܿ죬֪ˡ
ȥ˹ɽ˿ʼ
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵硣
ԼĶӣ˵ҶˡҪ⡣
ţһĨЦݣȻá˵ţ˫֡һ룬мˣ
񼡿ţûκθоΧ˿ţȴĽ
ţ԰ɡ
ͷ
һʱʱĸвˡ
ܿ죬Ӻվ߰ɡȥ档˵ţҪɽߡ
һЩϲϿ˵ţ񼡣ճ극ǲҪȥǸˡȥİɡȻòˡ
񼡲мĿԼȥڵ´š˵ţԼ
ȰҲȰˡڵµ
ȻһɫѿȫȻûǰ˵ӡ
񼡲ͷĿ˵ôô鰡
ؿһۣȻݹȥһˮȺһڰɡúܶࡣ
ֱӰ˰֣á˵ֿ꣬ʼȥ洦ˡ
˿ȥˡ
һҵһġǱֻԽԽġ
ҲϳϵЦݶԽԽġ
Ҳȥˡҹ԰˻в١Ϊڵ̻š
񼡣Цһ£Ȼָһ򣬵񼡣
˳˵ģ˹ȥȻ㿴Ư̻Ǳߵ̻ϣ֡
һĻǿġֿʼüͷȻɫĿһԵҾҪȥҽԺˡ
ɫһ䣬񼡣ô
ָָԼؿڣҾ⡣ҶҸоܡ
ЩȡȻЦ
񼡼ԼȥҽԺЦ˵ʲô
⧲һڣĻھҵ𣿡
һ£Ȼͷڡ
㿪ڽ͵ⲻǲϲˡҸеܸˡ
ٴסˡþûл񡣵ȻعĿҾû⡣ǻȥҽԺһ°ɡ˵ţֱˡ
ţһ˿Ц⣬ֱܿĸʲôҲû˵ĸȥ
šΪôҲţԼȻϲˡ磬ֻԼϵߡôϲһߡ
ţͣɻţΪʲôϲءϾ߾ǹԼġϲҲûϵű㿴ȻѾˡ
ͣ½Ųǰʵ񼡣ôˣ
ҡҡͷˡȥԶɡ
ʵȥҽԺ𣿡
ҡҡͷȥˡȥԷ
ţЦŵá˵꣬ȥ˿ꡣ׼һ١
ȥ˿ꡣȻΪԱ񼡿⡣Աֶˡ̲סЦһ¡
񼡲ûֱԼؼϢˡ
ص鷿αϣ̲ס³һ룺һۡţʱ˵Ļɫ
˵ġ塱һЩʶ˽⡣һ뷨ˡ뵽ҡҡͷôҲš
һȴԼǲʲô²⣬пܾʵ֮󣬱ûпС˵
ʱصϣĺȦ¥ˡ
ĸţ˿ֻۣ˵ţôˣԼʲô𣿡
һɥ裬ͲҪ˵ˡ
ԭصԼ󣬱ԼĴ¡һûкۡ
ĸ˿ͬ˵ҿСˡȻҾ޲ȥһӵŮء
ţҲ
︸ʱˣˡСѾ֪ˡͱ˵ˡ
ĸ˵ҪС顣ôɣ
︸ڨڨЦһ£ѾˣҲܸı䡣ͱ˵ˡ
ĸһۣ˳⣬˵ˡȻ˵ˣɫû̫ÿ
ֻ޿ڲϣϵķˣûθڡ
ĸţ̲ס۵˵ţˣ˵鶼ѾˡͱˡϽԷ˶٣ǸӣҸø̸һСĻˡԼҪʲôӵġ
ţɵĺҳ극ȥ˵꣬ٳ
ĸָһ
ʱһһֱĬ౿˵ţҪ
һȻûš쳰Цҡ
ĸһ˲ˡˣС౽Ͼǲ֪ô˵㡣
Цһ£⡣˵꣬¥ˡ
ĸЦĿߵıӰ̾һҪˡôô찡
︸ҿ˼СϲС㲻òˡ
ĸĻͷﻹЩġ
౼ڳ꣬¥һ·׼š
ĸڵСౣȥİ
Լ˹ԹԡҾͲˡ˵ţȥ
ĸҲû˵ţҹ
֪ˡ̡˵꣬ˡ
౳ź󣬱óֻԹԣ𣿡
ݹԹɫѿĿһߵϣСţûС
ôˣ
ֿ˿ߵϣСĻصҰְԱءҲѡ
ε̾һֱӸ˵׼ȥʶһ¡
ðɡȻ˵ţȸԾȴǺԲ˵ġ
ֱӵֱӸְ˵ɡȥ㡣
ĵĻţá˵꣬绰Ҷˡ
һֱһ͵ϣҲæָˡ
ݹԹתְ֣׼ȥ档
һ£Ҫ˵ԡɫһ䣬Ҫȥİ
˼ЦЦ˵Ҳˡ׼ȥһЩľưһ¡
Ҫ˵Сǿڴı飬˵ҪȥҲԡְִȥô
ͷ룬Ӧ룬ˣһ¡
ϵͷͬá
֮󣬱ڼҵ౵ĵ
ûһ󣬱С౱㵽ݼҡ
˽ȥӭԼݹԹԣСְô˵ģ
ҲСĻţҰְ˵ԡֻ˵ҪԴȥ
⻰һ౱ͣһ£Ȼ̾һô
ĻţҾúܺðְҲԱǡ
౼ô˵ЭǾɡ
ӦˣЦȻ͵͵˵ûǮˡ˵Ұְǰȥֵط档
౴һ£ˣѾȻǳͣЩšǿݹԹԣô˵ˣӦþġ
ϼˣ㿴ͬѧҴȥ棬Ӧòɡ
౻ؿ⡣
ϼô˵һϾҪǾܾĻҲܾġžܾˣԼܲȥֵطţЦһ¡ȻݹԹԣţȥ׼ѡ
õġ˵ţҴ¥ȥˡϺ¥¡


 84 

౿ݹԹ¥, 㿴һԵ, ˼һ, ˵, 㲻ԹԹԵĹע̫𣿡
һ£Ȼеƽ壬Ŀ, ˵ҶŵĹע̫𣿡
Ĭһ£ŻţǵġҲû˵áֻǾùԹҲѾϳˡһӶߡҪǣԹԺѾϰ߱ˡԺҪô죿ѵҪÿҪ
Ļ˳˼
౼룬Ҳóֻ
һݹԹԻ·¥ͲЩԾǼ˵϶ûʲôŭ, 㿪ʵô
ʱ̧ͷǸЦһ£, ְֿȥˡ
ЩţΪʲô
ĵĽţְһиҪĻ飬Բȥˡ˵ţһʾҪ˵©졣
Ҳһ
ݹԹЩʧ䣬Һȥˡ
Цŵͷ, Ȼ˵һ¡˵ţת¥ܿˡʱһ¿Ƭһп˹ȥ˵ţȥɡǺܰҲܰȫְҲġ
ݹԹԵͷá˵ţͽӽӹ˿Ƭǲûнп˵ţְǮҾͲˣС˵ţ̧ͷİ
ϿңЦ˳ŰɡҪʲôء
룬ðɡ˵꣬Ҳһͬӹпһͬ˰
Ͽȥɡǵ
Цǰ˱ţ֪ˡ
֮ݹԹԺ౱ȥˡվں濴뿪ıӰ͸©ֻϸײſԶ顣
ݹԹԺš౿ݹԹԣԹԣǴȥɡ
ЦӦð
˱ϳƼĵطȥˡ
ϣݹԹԿŴķ羰˵Ұְǲ˵ʲô
һ£ȻЦŵǰôˣѵ׼˵ʲô𣿡
εĿѾµ˵ʲôˡ
ЦŶһȻ˵˵Ҹ嶼˵ʲô
ݹԹ԰һۣʲô̫ҡ̫֮ġ̶Ѿ˵ǧٴˡҰְֻءΪʲôһ˵Ұְ־͸أ˵ţƵĿһۡ
һ£Ȼ֪ԹԺܴû뵽ֻһ³ˡЦһ£ô
һţҾʵáû
ʲô
ʼţԺ顣
౼˵ˣļ򣬵԰
ЦˡǾȥҰְƼǵطҪҪȥĵط氡
౿ЦõĿԹԣҪҾֱӸ״Ŷ
һƲ㲻ˡ˵ţȥ
˶ʱֹסЦ⡣ǰ濪˾Ҳ¶΢Ц
ܿ죬͵ƼĵطݹԹԺ౿ǰĵ̡һ£ôҲû뵽ƼľȻʽĵط
һȥ˲Ժ֡ĸо
౿һԵݹԹԣŵ˵ԹԣְƼĵط
ҲһɵҡҡͷóſƬǰƶԱһ£Ȼ˵⡣
ҲùƬһ£ֻ⡣㿪ڵ߰ɣȥɡְƼģӦûʲô¡˵ţ˱˽ȥ
ݹԹԽౣҲ֡˵ĺúõģһڴ飬һʵǰһоô
˸߽ȥͿվŵˣһǣ˾ܡǻûӣͼҲѾǡȻǱ˹ó壬һ㣬˭Ҳ˭޲ôһ˼ҵˡ
ʱݹԹͻȻˡǵǧ˰̬ӡ౼ˣҲŷźǡ
ǿҪǰʱһǵĺ洫ҲԼͬͣ
ݹԹ˳ſ˹ȥͼѾԾվţȻһװ۾Եú˹ĵ˴м߹
ݹԹԿԺﲻɵ뵽ŴƤͣ
ֻżᶨĲ
һǰ󣬰ŵͻȻʧˡתŲõЦݣĻλС㣬ǳ𣿡
ĻﲢЩ㵵ĿֱӿڵⲻǾưΪʲôҪ˼ҳɲ갡
˴һ£ȻЦһ£λСѣǲǸˡɲʲôƹŶ˵ţĿ⻹˧ˡ
ݹԹһ£Ȼ˵Ұְֽİ
⻰һ˵ϱѿһ룬Ȼ󿪿˵λСѣְֲʲôö
ݹԹһ˲ŭˣŲʲôöأȫҶǺö
˼Ӧô󣬱üͷĳ˵λСѣΪãְֶܵĵطʲô𣿡˵ţЦ
ݹԹԼĿˣ͸ˣ׼ϸ˵˵
ȴקק·С˵ԹԣǲǸˡ
תʵʲôˣ
ſƬǲҴط˰
ƵĿǲǶ˺üûд
ָָһԵĿУĿƬϵĲһ
˹ȥֻ治һͫױһ£Ȼ¶˼ɫҲһ˲ֱ׳˵ţҲ˵Ұְ֡˵ţ㿴
һԵ˿˵ĻСѣҲû˵ʲôǻ˻ɢˡȻվԭλСĽ
ͼǸСѣ¶һְҵ΢Ц
ֹһݹԹվ˳óƬݹȥⲻ𣿡
ǶһȻ˫ֽӹţЦȻ΢΢ϹԲλСѣո˵İְ֡
ݹԹԼǸˣҲæ˵Ҳԭûϸˡ
Цһ£˵ҾưɣҲȥֻǵطȽϸߵһҲ֪⳵İɡ
ͷǰ˾ǰ͵ˡҲƬϵһ
Цصʵǲһģ©ˡ
ʶĻţܡ
ȴóƬȻһЦһ£Թԣ⻹治һ
ɵĿ˹ȥôܣ˵ţ㿴ϸһֻǲһΪҵĵȷʵ˸ĸ˲
ҲûгЦǣǿʵڻҪҪȥҪȥĻҾȥ
ݹԹ룬Ȼ˿ΧԺȾ𣿡
һ£Ȼ˲뵽ʲôȻʼ¶΢ЦȻʲôȱǲȱơ
ݹԹԼô˵ֱӾžȣҲȥĵطҲ
ԼϵЦůˡǾͽȥɡ
ݹԹԵͷҲһȥˡ
ݹԹԿǰˣʵʲô
ŲûͣٵĻţС
ͷţȻʵʲôİôôС簡
Цһ£ţ˷ɵĵط
ݹԹԻɵĿ˿Ҳᡣûе𣿡
̻ţϾ͵ˡ˵ţƿһšվűߵ
ݹԹԺ໥˿Ȼ˽ȥҲûʲôһ򵥵ktvҲ˽ȥ
ˣ̲סҡҡͷȻ󿪿˵ҪʲôҪҪС棿
ݹԹ˼һ£ȻౣһݹԹԲ־ƵĻ͸϶СġȻǲҪС磬Ҫ㡣
ٴסˣЦĿǣЦ˵ҿƣǮ𣿡
ݹԹûڿЦĵͷһԼߵСǮ㲻õġ
ĻˣЦ˵ǵҰһ£ٹ˰Ѷ͵ľƸ͹˵꣬뿪ˡ
뿪ݹԹԱ£ԼؿڣҲô°
Цͷ˵ոôģ
һ£ţСɵӣֻ±˶Ǯ˵꣬˶һ£Ц
ûһһƷź˽ﻹ̡
ݹԹԿ΢΢ͷˡ
Ҳ΢΢ͷǷº󣬲ûˣ¶ĵЦݣ˵λС㣬ǿô
ݹԹԵͷţ˧
һҪҪҰ
ҡͷҪ
˲ʧȻǿһЦתȥȴţߵ㣬û׼ǻסԼ뷨עֻ뷨
ݹԹԺˣѾʼоոùľˡ
ݹԹţֲûʲôζ㿴һԵౣҪ𣿡
ȻҪ˵ţ㵹һȻҲµĺ
ݹԹԼ״ҲһֻһСһСڵġ
һݹԹЩͷתûһ
˽߽󣬿ϵľƣ˲ŭˣǿǰСǿŭ⣬˵λСѣҪҪ˴绰
û˵İ˰֣áԼͿԻȥ
ݹԹѾվߵߣ½ǣ˵ţְ֣ôˣǲҵİҸ˵ҺҴ˵طˡ˵ţЩվȡ
ţæһԵɳϡȻһԵౣ˵λСѣԸҳ绰𣿡
ֻ౷ӦһȻѸٵıֻҪҪ绰
ҲЩָеЩЦֲǵĶֻһԣѹˡ
ôҲû뵽ǸһʼƯС￪ʼ߿޻ߺţְ֡ԱߵǸСҲʼ洦ţһʱʱһһէġ
ֻþסˣһҲ˰
ʱһ˴Ҵ˽һɢϢ
˼ˣ׼ǰӴݺݵһۣȻ󿪿˵֮ǰǲŮһŵǷۺɫȹӡһŵǿɫĿװ
˲뵽ˣȻͷţǰ
һǣϵıѿˡĿ˵ţȥǡ
տʼػˣǰȥˡ
ڶ˽аǰԽ˵һԽ޵ĴһҲԽڡ
ֻƣĿɳϣСڡ
ҪҪҸŮ˽һǵİʲôϵ绰ʱ򣬾˽
Ǹֱ߿ŵˣüͷ΢һ£Ȼɿˣ˵ţϣôⰡ
ûȴһŮûʲô⣬һȻݺݵصһ͸ʲôأ
˲е޹ĿʲôҲûȻͼĿ⿴СŮ˵ţСˣԭȥûʲô˵ϵʽˣ˵ˡôС
˵ɫźÿһ㣬Ǽţôҵľƣ
һ˿ţ˸СõǶ͵Ĺơǲ֪˭ǻˡ˵ţǸ޵ݹԹѾ죬ҰԺڵķ
͸ˣæ˵ţϣæһ¡
ϵһۣȻֱӰ
ݹԹҲϲ˲䣬ĵĺţְ֡
Ļţǰְ֡ԭȻڼ˵ĺúõģһȥ˰죬ûйԼĿұϾȥưɣ㰲ȫҲСǳȥûñˡ
ǣ˵ط󣬴һȻûпˡʱòԣԭǲǲȥطˡ֪Ų㿪ʼ½ʿλá
ܿҵˡҵЩȣЩæ˺дģ֪ϴطˡȻ㷢ˡ
͸ȴԭأһԾ˵ϣŮ
ϰһۣô
һæ˵ţûУûСֻǸеȡ
ϱݹԹҪȥʱ򣬾ͷֻһͬѧ㿴͸˵ҰǸС档
͸æӦá˵ţȥ
ȰݹԹԷŵʻ֮Ű͸౷ŵϡȻǮ
͸һֵáϾ顣
ϼô˵Ҳǿ´γ۾ۡ˵꣬Ӧ󣬱ת뿪ˡ
͸뿪߽ȥȻŴˣ˵ո˭Ѿ͵ҷԸİġ
ʻûվش𡣵ҲǼ˵ҪڲվҾֱȥˡ
ʱ˲վ˳֮͸ʲôҲû˵ֱӰˡ


 85 

Ͽų, ˿ͬѧ, , ׼һ, ֱӰѳԼˡ
ܿ죬͵ˡСİݹԹԴӸʻϹֱӰԼҡ
Ȼ¥౴ӺϷ, Ŀ˿ǱߵŻǿ˿ͷ
֮˸ӣ뿪ȥݹԹˡ
СĸЬˣȻǺñӣ˳ָһˮİţȿˮ
ԺĺȻ˯
Ͽһת뿪ˡ
ţóֻһҵĵ绰, ȴԼûС顣绰ͨ˵С飬౵ļҳһ, ˵š
һ£ʵôˣôԼ˵
һȥȾˡСһﶼˡֻס⡣ɱô˵
󣬱Цŵ֪ˡ˵꣬˱Ҷ˵绰
, ֵһˮŵ˿ͷĴͷߡֻҪһͿԿλá
֮󣬱¥ˡ
һ¥ͿΪոյĶ˯ѹĸĸǰǴк
̿Ż𣿡
ڽţѾˡֻǺˡ
ˣЩȵĿûţ
ҡҡͷûУⲻŵͬѧҲ˵Ҷ̫ڹˡȻұûȥˡ
Цһ£÷ſţԼ𣿡
̾һпĻţҲſҲҪ뿪
˵ģЦѾǸɹĸˡְֶá
⻰һүү̲סһԿ˼Ȼһϡ
ЦŵͷÿףвͬĽʽʺϵľǺðְ֡
̿ͷǰԼĺԼԶǺӡһǲġ
ϵͷǵġ˵꣬ӱһ¡
ҲˣЦһ£źܼңһ
ܼҺܿӦˡҲûֹ
¥ϣݹԹξУӰ㿪ʼļ䣬վһԿ
ܿ죬ЩĻ棬ʧˡţһʱ򡣲βûпƵĲţٶȡ
ݹԹԿЩЩסˡǺ뿴ȴǳԭһ㣬ôҲˡ
ֻţת۽Ⱦ͵Ҫ¥ǰڣֻԼţߵϴ¥¥£ȻһĺʵˣԿǸŮˡ
ֻһۣȻ˫۾һ¡ţʼӽԼ
ԼһʼܲǵΧΧÿʱϾʧתǾϲ
ݹԹԿϤգǾȻǰõ
ţͼɵĸȥһ
õ˼䣬ţ˵˫۶ӡõ³һ䣺ȥ¥վΧһߡ˵꣬ٴΰԼʵʵģȻת뿪ˡ
ݹԹԣԺ¥ȥҲߵ¥ϣȥ˶¥ҲѾվǸλˡţȥ
ݹԹԿһĻ˲ȻҲ˹˿ΧϤĻû˵ʲôֱ˳ȥҵϿű
Ͽޣɫһţôˣ
̺үүҲĵĿţôˣ
һ󣬲̧ͷ˼Ŀǣجˡ˵ţͷʾܡ
˵جˣͰ˵ţûµģζ෴ġǵŲҪġ
󣬱ͷš⡣˵ֿ꣬˿棬̫Ѿȥˡְ֣أ꣬ҡҡͷƵţְ֣ôİôһӡûа
ϺЦĿĵ˵ĶͷǰְȥǵġôߴأҿǸˡȻĻͱˡ˶٣ûӦͬѧ¥ء֪ûС
ݹԹһ˲䲻ǰĻˣ˵ţ¥ȥ˵ţҪվеɻǣһվͷֿʼˡæ¡
Ͽæɳϣźû೤ʱ䣬ͺúЪŰɡ
ͷá˵꣬౾ʹ¥ϳֻ֣ҲݹԹԣݼңһȻûʲô˵ϡ
ܼæ𣬿ڵС㣬Ұɳϰɡ˵ţɳϡ
ݹԹԿӣЦҲˡ
ҲЦſǣҲˡ˵꣬һԵϣ壬ܲܽ˰ͻؼҰҼҳõˡ
Ͽţû£Ѿ˵ˣš
һһлл塣
û¡˵ţֿһԵĹܼң˵ȥɡ
ܼҵͷûһ
ݹԹԺ౿ţȴûʲôθڡ綼ûгԷ
ϼˣ㿪ڵȳһ㣬Ȼǻܡ
໥˿˳ӵĳҺðԱ߻һСˣų
ܿ죬һС˱ʵڳԲˡҲûڱǣΪֻӡ
ϿŻܵˣ٩˵Ժ󻹺Ⱦ𣿡
ݹԹһҪҡͷûҡͷֿʼˣֻܻţҪˡҲˡܡ˵꣬²һ䣺һҲúȡ
ȴûлػΪûԡ
ҲûйϾԼҵˡ䣺ˣǸϽȥϢɡˣ.ʲôùܼǰ׼
ݹԹæֵҪ԰ӡ
౿ڻţԹһͺá
ϵͷ֪ˡǿȥϢɡ˵꣬ȥϢˡ
ڶ죬ݹԹԴӴԼĶӣɽСæ¥ˡ
û¥£ͺţְ֣ҶˡȻͿѾ¥µ˼ЦЦϺѽ
ЦڵϺãԹԡ
¥ĺ簡ͷ𣿡
ҡҡͷţͲˡϻ鷳˹ܼңһ档
ݹԹԿ㾹ȻôͺˡĽ˵ֿ꣬һԵĹܼңܼүүҶˡ
ܼЦĻţѾˡھͿԳԡ
ţھͳԡ˵šౣȥ
һһٷʢ;ڲϣ˿ܼүүôûпҰְְ
ܼţүѾȥ˾ˡ
Щʧ˵ţԭ׼һϵءû뵽ְôȥˡ
ʵԭҲѯһε飬Ϊвòǰȥ£׼Ȼʡ
ݹԹԺ౳극󣬱̯ɳϣ໥˿Ц˵˵᲻ᷢȾư
ҡҡͷҲ֪ҿ壬ȻҿɾͲˡ
ͷǡҿҰְڡҶ֪ôġ
ͷһ£ţҵЩֻ˯ȥ֮ľͲ֪ˡ
һæ˵˵Ҷʲô
౺ЦĿλϳɰְˡ
ӽһ£ŵĻţɣ
ЦЦĿϹ˵𣿡
ЩɥҡҡͷǡΪ֪ﲻ˵ѣԲŲš
౼˵ţˡƵ״̬÷ϡ
ͷѾԺ󲻺ȾˡҪȻʲô˵ȥͲˡ
ʱ̤Ų˽һ۱㿴ݹԹԣŲſౡǸݹԹĴ˸к֮ƵĿౣౣô⣿
ʣһۣôҲܳ
üס𣿡
Ȼ
￴˿ֿ˿ݹԹԣȻ󲻸˵ˡǿݹԹԣţôûȥҰ
ݹԹԱ㿪ڻţΪҺˡԱûȥεĿһۣԭ׼˵ģû뵽˵ˡ
һ룬Ծס˶䡣װﻰӡ
ֻ󣬱ౣౣ㾹Ȼȥֵط
ֱӲΪ֮䣬Լ
ݹԹԼ״æ˵ţˡԼҪȥģ˵ˡ
ˣֻñ죬ʱʱౡ
ҲǿݹԹԣʵԹԣΪʲôҪȥ
˼ĻţΪҪҲΡ
һЦЦĵͷԭ˵꣬վӣԹԣҾȻؼˡ
Щûţ㲻һ𣿡
౽˵ˡûؼҡȻ˵ˡǿ϶ǵġ
һðɡ˾ȥ
áԼ򳵻ȥС
ȴֵ˵ţ˾ȥ
౺ЦĿá˵꣬㿴һ۳ת뿪
ݹԹ԰ߺ󣬱㿴磬첻ȥ˾𣿡
Ȼ˵ȥ̣˵ȥ
󣬱ߴٵȥɡҰְֶѾȥˡ
ͷҡ
ˬӦ£á˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ݹԹԼˣһΪĺʼƪۡ
֮󣬿˿ת¥ˡ
ңԼǰ񼡣ôô磿첻һ𣿡
񼡲Ļ˻֣ǵ˶ĵİһ㶼ۡ˵꣬üͷе㷢ᡣӦȥҽԺ˵ţѾˣȥҽԺ
ô;ˣЩȣû˵ֹĻ˵ţԼȥҽҪȥϰࡣ
ô˵Щ̹ǻţðɡ˵֮󣬱㲻ˡ
״û˵ʲô극һں󣬱뿪ˡ
׵ϲԾĸЦ⡣ոǲ֪ҲʧˡȻģˡ
и֪Сࡣʼҹš
ȥ˾ļЦһ¡ΪǷļǹϵġ
תۣ硣
ŶϣЦһ£ɰ
ϿĻţɡӦþڵ˰ɡ
һ£ǰô𣿡
ϼôˬĳˣǲ֪ʲô𣿡
аЦһ£ⲻ˵׼ȡһ¹⹫˾ĺͬҲ׼һš
ϼô˵Цһ¡ʲôҲû˵߿ˡ
뿪ıӰԭվһµˡ
ϣݹԹȥ˳ҡų磬ҰɡһؼҰְ˵ء
Щܣǵͷá֮󣬲û̽˵ţţȥĺȵľƣ
ЩεĻţڼҰ
״ѣѹһ䣺š
һ£Э˵ţȥľưɰ˵ֵ꣬ͷ
ڳ￴ı֡ݹԹȴڰţǧˡ
￴һȥݲûи𣿡
ҡҡͷţûС˵꣬æˡ磬Ϳ㽲ɡȻҾҪؼˡ
￴ֻЭĸֻȴţѧʱ򣬸ȥ̸ˡ
һСʱ󣬱㽲ˡ
һ꣬ݹԹԾվ𣬿˵Ȼؼˡݰݡ˵꣬˳ȥ
￴ţҲû󣬿ؼҺ󣬲ٴλصԼķ䡣
ݹԹԻصҺ󣬱Լؿڣ鷳Ҫô⡣˵ţ㿴ְ־ȻûлͿʼĵĵ
Сʱȥˣڻˡ
ݹԹԿЩƣİְ֣æǰʵְ֣ϺáԷ𣿡
ϿЦһ£ûءų𣿡
Ѿһˡ˵꣬㺰Źܼүүȵķ˶
ϿС۷һڿ졣ĵһԣ
һܼҰȵķ˶
ݹԹԱæ˵ţԿԡ
ϱҲԵʱݹԹһԽš
ϺЦĿҪҪԵ㣿
ӣȻҡͷҪ
ϼ˵Ҫӿٶȳ
һˡ
ݹԹԼ꣬㿴ְ֣¸˵
Ͽ߰ɡȥ鷿˵˵ţ˱һȥ鷿
ݹԹԿϣ˵ְ֣֪ϱôˡ
ɫһ䣬˲ºſԸְ˵˵𣿡
æͷҾְ˵ġ˵ţ
ȭͷɵսȻţ˵ǰõ𣿡
ᶨ˵ǡΪҲġ
ϼôȷţͷˣְѾ֪ˡſȥϢɡ
˵󣬱оЩˣõģְ֡˵꣬תԼˡ
ϼߺ󣬲źݺݵһȭϡѪˣںǵ˵ţõ񼡣


 86 

ҹ, Ͻ, ǰĹ, ˵, ǲ֪һЩһ顣ôġ˵꣬ǹʲô顣ǽ
һ, ʲô˼
ϿŭЦѵΪΪõ񼡶ģ𣿡
˵˵Ļʲô˼
ϼ⸱̬ȣǳĬһ¡ȻſڰŸԼ˵Ļ˵˳
󣬺ǾȣȻȷ˵ģ
ȻԼȥš
ڵ֪ˡ˵꣬ʧԭˡ
Ͽʧĵط, ʲôҲû˵ԭվһת뿪Ҳ˹
ʧԭغ󣬱ȥһиĵط, Щ϶˸߿ƼǾػߡ
ֱ˾İ칫ңǰĺ꣬˵ϰ壬
ֻȫɫûһ˿ëļ́ͷ, ʲô£
ǿһۣȻ˵˳Ȼʵϰ壬֪𣿡
ĵͷţ֪ôˣ
˵֪㲻ԾĴʵϰ壬֪Ϊʲôֹ
ʼ磬ʱֲ֪Ҳȥֲ𡣡
סˣôҲû뵽ô˵׼ڸ˵Щʲôʱ򣬾ͼѾϿˣˣһҪæϽȥɡ˵꣬ͷ
̬ȣЩǿ˵ϰ塣֪ȥ𣿡
ʱͣȥˣ
ǵġ
еļ̲סһ¶ȻԸȥ
żˣŻţܲС
ʵΪʲô
һҲĻţΪѾ벻Ǿˡ
һüͷһվߣȥܲܰק˵ţȥ
˿û˵ʲôĸȥ
ңֱȥסĵط
꿴Ŵϵ񼡣ǲһԵĹҺѡ
ţǰˡ
һѣǲͷĺţϵĲ˯ʲôȻſǰˡ
ƲƲ죬磬ôˣ
ĹһҲ⣬
ǿֱ˵ˣ
󣬱ͷǰҳȥˡҲ֪ô¡
һǰ˵𶯣ҿ˵ţ鿴һüͷˡ
ù󣬲ſڰŪֻЩۣŵ㡣ԺҲ㸽˼ҵˡ
һЩ⡣۾¡һʱֱѾʶĳ˻ȥȻҳȥ󣬱㸽𣿡
ͷǡ㣬⻹һѻҪء˵ţٴҪק֡βûõΪ˶㣬磬ڻȥ
꿴ڲʲôʱ
ûŭ⣬룬ţҲ֪˵ţԺӰҲԾĸһĨЦ⡣
꿴ӣͻȻڵ񼡣㲻ǰ˰ɡ
ôܡ˵꣬ȴЩĵͷ
꿴ǼȻǡҰҲûϵɡ˵žҪǿư
ֹ˵磬ҲҪ
꿴һ飺㵽ҪҪ
񼡼ᶨҡҡͷ
꿴ЦȻԺҲҸˡ˵꣬ͺԥת뿪
һ񼡲ûнסϰ壬˵ڵġ˵꣬ȥ
񼡿뿪ͻȻãţſڣ񼡣ôͻȻҵְج𣿡ڸոտһĻֲֻᡣ
񼡿İЦһ£û¡˵꣬˯ˡ
ˣҲת뿪ˡ
תһɲǣϸ־ȵı顣ո鷿񼡲ͷû룬ߵſڡ
յſڣ洫Ĳֻ񼡵˵ɫһ䣬ĿһţȵˡֻֻԼĿȴգˡҲһһȻܾȣûгȥǾſڿš
һֱڿգ˵ʱ򣬲ſ׼ʱ˽ȥ
ص鷿ŸոյһĻֱ㲻ԾķŶͷһޡ
񼡣º󣬱˯˹ȥ
뿪ĺĸ
ãͣ侲˵ȻҪԺͲùˡ
һ㿴ѯʵҪʲô£Ҳܹ𣿡
ƲһۣŻţ
һϲ⣬á˵꣬˱ȥæˡ
ϴѹ滹ڵգ˼
ˣŴӴҲָһ顣ʲôҲ֪ʲôҲûӡȻȥ鷿ʼһЩļ
˳Էʱ򣬲ת¥ˡ¥£ͿѾڿĸĸŲ˶ٺ󣬲ǰסĸףϺá
̿Ҫôô硣ͿʺЩһˣ㿴ѯʵϣʲô˳𣿡
һ£ȻЦһЩõġ
̼ô˵Ҳѯʣ˵ţҪˣ˵
ЦŵͷӦ֪ˡĸס˵꣬ĸףŻû𣿡
Цҡҡͷûء
Ͽһʱ䣬ĸףȥһȻóٵˡ˵꣬¥ϷŴյĽŲЦŵҺˡѾˡ˵ţݹԹԱǵǰɫҵ˵ţүүְ̡֣ϺѽҾͲԷˡҸóٵˡ˵꣬ȥ
ϼ״ЦҡҡͷȻܼѾ׼õͣĸסףȥˡ˵꣬תȥ
̿ţ
ϳżæŵţЦ˵ôôʲôõج𣿡
һȻҡͷţûСֻѵˡ
ϼϵ͵˹ȥҲôżٵҲûϵаְء
ЦŽӹԵģȻЦ˵ţְ֣ҳɶŮġ
ҲЦŵð˶٣ǵſɲʲôŮ䣬С
ĻĵЦ
ܿ죬㵽ѧУſڣݹԹϵҲˡţ׼ٺȡӻְ֣֣ټ
ϵͷѧУ󣬲˿뿪
ݹԹԽ˽ңͿѾλϵͬѧǣҲֻһӾͳٵˡæصλϣԼؿڣСҺûгٵ˵꣬óα
￴Цҡҡͷ
Ǵյߣڵôˣְѵ𣿡˵꣬˵ţԣְôѵ㡣˵ţţԺɲҪȥôΣյĵطˡȻְָõˡ˵꣬Լ͹С
ݹԹĿСҾ͸̣ȥʲô˶٣־ܲ£ּһ䣺һ̣ߥȥġ
һ𾪵Ŀţû뵽˰
΢΢̧ͷǿɲ˵꣬໥һۡһЦ˳
ʱΪ೤ĳò˵ౣúÿ顣Ȼ֡
౶ʱһ£Ȼû˵ʲôֻŤͷݺݵصһۡȻʾ§ݹԹԣһڡ
￴ţҲ˵ʲôֻЦһ£ȻóһƤķ
һɿݹԹԣСĳųģ
￴ʵǲȻأ
౼ģĵ೤ҴˡŹҰɡ˵ţקקݹԹԵ·һɫ
ݹԹԼˣʼ磬ҲΪ˵꣬ƲĿͷ顣
౼ʱҲ˲ģֱħ֣֮ŵݹԹԵϡȻٵӶš
һ룬ݹԹԱ̲סЦЦ˵ţౣ֡
౲û֣ӶĻԽˡ
ݹԹֱ޿̵վЦźౣ
౿˿ֿ˿̨ϵʦĵͷ
ʱ̨ϵʦǣҲ˵ţݹԹԡౣȥ淣վ
ݹԹţʲôҲû˵ģϤıȥˡҲˡ
˵棬ݹԹԿౣౣսһ졣˵꣬Ĳˡ
౺ЦĿá˵꣬Ҳվһԣ顣ݹԹվıֱûվվš
һڿιȥˡ
¿κ˲Żصҡ
￴ౣЦ˵ţౣս೤ʱ䣿
һݺݵصһۣȻݹԹ˵ıɡ
¡˵꣬ݹԹԣţҪȥμһᡣϽ̲ˡ
ݹԹԻعͷãûϵ˵꣬顣
תۣ硣
ݹԹԺͳˣ׼ȥʳóԷǻû߳ң˵ţСƲ˰ƣû˹ܰ䣬ظ˺ü顣ҲԽİԹˡ
ݹԹǿЦĿųǿȥɡȻʳøûзˡ˵꣬ʳȥ
౼ϵȥĶ˵Ǿ仰
ЩĿౣ㹻ˡ
౼ԼˣȻûдﵽĿģҲѾﵽһ룬ţҡô˵ô˵Լһˣ
ָеЦָеΡ
ʱһԵݹԹҲ̲סˣֱЦ
Цˣ㿴ౣ飬֪ĿĴﵽˡ㲻Ǻܺõ˵ˣȥԷɡ˵ţѾԹԵݹԹˡ
ӣҲ˵ˡ
ߵʳúֺͺˡ
￴
극󣬳˵ౣԺٴȥֵطˡ
б˭ȥֵطôˣС
ɫ䣬ȴ΢΢սУ
ǰţ.ɵꡭֵ˵ûвݹԹק·˵עˣûоʲô
ݹԹԼ˵˳޿ı۾˫Ҳʶס˶䡣Ļ沢ûе
ΪסˡȴݹԹԣ֪ʲô
౼ޱ飬ɻ˵٣ôˣûԼֿݹԹԣһӣǸеˡ
ݹԹԼԼԤĻ沢ûе۾ֻĿԼһЩ£磬ôˣ
һȻû˵ʲôվȥ
ݹԹԼЩ¡ûͷԣݹԹԣԹԣôˣ
ݹԹ˵
һ£Ȼɵ˵û˵𣿡
˵ˡ˵ȥľưɣţ.ɵꡣ
ǳĬһ£ȻЦ˳ļ򣬵ԹԣĲ
ݹԹԼɥˣô찡
౼ôģû£Ӧֻһʱܲˡ˵꣬ǿתƻˣҹùø˾˵ĽѾˡ
ʶĻţʲôʱ򰡣
౼ˣæţ·ݡΪҹùҪƯĻɴֲԾѡ·ݡ
ЩĿʵΪʲôҪ·ݽ鰡
౿ڽţΪ·ݲȰҲ䣬Ǻʱ򡣡
˽ĵͷ
౼Ҫ˵ҹùüҾ¶ࡣ˵꣬ЦŵˣҸ˵ϴ˾˲𣿡
ǰ
ţص˵ţ֪˾ҹùôȥ𣿡
Ŀʵȥˣ
౿ЦһŻţȥƵˡ
ƵĿȥƵʲôЦġ
ؼ֪ȥƵʲô𣿡
֪
౿̲סЦĻţȥСè˵꣬㿴ķӦֻǾһȻã㲻Ĺ˼䡣
౼״㿴㲻ЩЦ𣿡
ҡҡͷûоá
౼ðɡϽ˯ɡȻˡ
ûһſ˯ǿŽ⣬С˵ˡ
౼üͷһ£ܿɿˣţͰ˯ɡһ͸ûˡȴţһϿˡҲа
ݹԹˣͷſȥû˯ȥֻǼ򵥵ı۾
౿û˵ʲôţãҲ֪ԹԲҲһԼԹԵĹϵˡ


 87 

ܵһĵط, ͣ½Ų, Ȼһһֹ
Ŀ⿴, ˼顣
ո, ౻ʱĺڷŭΪݹԹƭ
ǵҪʱͻȻһ, һԼϵ顣ǾԼݹԹֻͬѧ˵ֻѵĹϵѣҲֻΪԼ̫ڱ˵ġ
Ժһ˲飬ͻȻûκɳݹԹԷֻĶӡ
̧ͷһǲá
ԭվһ󣬲תȥʱѾһҲδҪġ
صҺ󣬱һۿſŵݹԹ, ֮ſԵౣˡ
ౣĽŲͣһ, ȻּšĬĻصλϡ
صλϺǰݹԹԣҲſȥû˯š
౿Żĳ, ƽı飬֪Ѿ뵽ˡҲŻԭλΪ³ﲻûͨԽˡڿԼСһ
ţЦ⿴һˮݹԹԣóֽĸ˲ȻҲſȥ۾
ܿ죬ʱˡ
ݹԹҲ˹ѹ󣬵һ±ŤͷѾλˣһҲһСĺţ೤
ĺ֪ŻˡȻ̧ͷЦ˵ţô
ݹԹԼ⸱ӣһ£Ȼ㲻𣿡
ЦĿȻıӣˡ
ݹԹֹ۲һϵЦ⣬֪ĲˡβųһǾˣҪڽţʵһʼҰְֽȥĵطһҾưɣֻΪƳ̳·ǲȥֵطҲûʲôȾƣҲǾưˡ
˵Цˣԭ
ǵģԭҲ˵ǾЩˣֻ죬Ҳû˵
ԽԽЦԽĿˡ
ʱһԡߡһԹԣһ¸˵ء
ݹԹһŤͷȥʲô°
౿˵Ȼҹù׼·ݽ飬ҲѾˣûж೤ʱˣ׼׼ȻѾͬˡȻ󿴿׼ѡʲô
󣬲ҡҡͷùѡ𣿡
౿ɱָҹùãҹùúġԼѡҪѡƯġ
һЦӦ£á
ĳ˵ģȻֱӲţ˾ȱ𣿡
ŤͷţҲ
ţҲʧ䣬Ǽج˾ô
ܿʹӦ˵ð
Ӧ£Цͷ
ʱǲԶɫѿǵĻôҲû뵽ݹԹԵľ˾˾ȻûһҪˡ
ֲɵýգͬûᡣʵһмѭڰõ޸Ѿ˸ı䡣ֻһֱԼ˼֮С
ţͳֻһδ֪ĺ뷢ȥϢȻ
ѧʱ䵽ˣݹԹԺͳȥһУſڣݹԹԱ㿴Լҵĳ˻֣ϳؼˡ
ҲɫƽԼҵĳûлؼңȥ˾ˡѾһʱˡ
ݹԹϳ󣬱ͳֻȥ绰ֻܿͨЦſ˵ԹôҪ˾˴绰
ĺһ䣺˾ˡȻʵ˾ˣа𣿡
һѾµʲô飬֪ʵ˵ǵС׼Ѿ˾˵İҲҺ𣿡
ЦǰԾ˾а𣿡
˵ûСԹԣСӦòȾƣаɡ
ûвμӹݹԹԣţΪʲô
ĵĽţΪ˾˵İҪ˾˺ȾưȻ˾˵Ļû͸ˡǶûӰ
һ׵˵ţоˡ
ţί˵ţǹԹò˾˴绰绰Ϊ˵˵飬˾˸еİ
ţȻ֪˾ڶԼæ˵ţУҲΪ˾ˣԲŴ绰ѯʵġ
𣿡
ᶨĵͷţȻġ
ЦӶ洫ˣˡ˾ȥæˡ
ã˾ټ
ټ˵꣬绰Ҷˡ
ҲˡҺ󣬾Ϳڰүүֻ̣үүֱӣ̺У˵ʲôҲȥ
ȴҲʾ˵ţҾҪȥԼȥ
үүڤ粻飬ˣʱÿݹԹԣæ˵ţүү
ɳһţ߹ȥõվм䣬ѯʵôˣ
үүæ˵ľԭΪ̲ڼ׼ȥΡүүˣȻҪܾȴ
ݹԹ󣬱㿴̣˵̣㲻Ҫȥ
ֿ̿˿һԵүү˵Ҫȥ
ݹԹԼ˵Ҫȥͺ۾ǰ˵̱ȥˡټŲ𣿡˵ţգգ۾
̼ôҲݲˣֻܿЭ˵ãټţҲȥ
ݹԹԼӦ£Цˡ
̿ͷǿɲ
үүһҲЦŵϰ飬ټ㺢Ƕáȴûһ
үүһ㰵̾һ룺¿ˡ
ݹֺüˣҲ˵ʲôֻ͵͵Ц
Ϊүү̵ˣǰˡүүġҲ֪ǺǱ˳ԭɡ
ݹԹԼˣ͵̣¥ȥдҵˡ
Цŵͷȥɡ
ݹԹԱת¥ˡ
¥үүֺ̣õ˵ϰ飬ǲȥΣ氡ֲݰȥġ
ɲվĻȥ
үүˣҲ˵ʲôֻܽȥǽһʱῴүүƶĸ̣˵
ߣ¥ݹԹóҵӣſϣʼ˻ɢˡһѧǸѧһʼΣǲҵǾһ
ϻæ¥ˡ
Ͽ֪ûдҵЦĿ֪ʵţҵ𣿡
ӽһ£ȻҡҡͷûС
ϿţҲڶˣǿ˵һ극ְȥ㽲
Ļţá˵꣬һ˱һԷܿͳˡ
ϱݹԹ¥ˡ߱˵ţүүôˣ
ıЦŻصҪȥУҾЩãүүҲվߣ̾Ͱеүүˡ
˽ĵͷţ¶ԵġɣÿԴ򷢵ʱ䡣
Цŵͷ֪˵꣬˱鷿
ݹԹԿϣ˵ְ֣ȥ̲μˣΪʲôûȥ
һ£Ȼţ𣿰ְֲ֪
˵꣬ϱ㿪ʼ
ʱúܿ죬ת۾͵˾ŵ㡣ݹԹҲֹסһĴŹУĿְ֣ˡ
ϿЩ۵˵ţſȥ˯ɡ
ɵ˵ţҵҵûдꡣ
ϰ˵ţдҲûϵ⻰һ˵ڣݹԹԵЦ˲վǰְȥϢˡҲ˯Ŷ˵꣬õĲȥ
Ͽ⸱ӣ֪һֱڵԼ˵Ǿ仰ţ㲻ҡͷЦЦ
ȻŸոݹԹ˵Ĳμӵ飬ɻΪһ˵ֻҪ˳ˣӦû첢ûյʲô֮󣬱ͳֻ½ʿ½ʿȥһ½˭ҿˡ
½ʿ󣬱صҼҡ
˲䷴Ӧ˵Ҽң𣿡
½ʿҲܿţǵġ
Щɻʵô֪
绰ͷ½ʿ̲סͷŻţ˵ġ
ϼô˵ҲˣǵˣϢɡ˵꣬绰Ҷˡ
ϿŹҶϵֻ˼顣ΪʲôῪᣬĿʲôЩԼֻ֪ʳǸСˡţصң˯˹ȥ
һߣңʲôһҲ档
ЦŰⲻ𣿲ȻԺ˼ʶ㣬ȴʶ˼ңû񰡡˼Ҹָˡ
񼡼ô˵֪ôģԭˣͷðɡ˵꣬˳˼ʼˡ
ڳμˣʶ񼡡ǵģ񼡣Ϊʱ־񼡡
ԭй֮ԵˣȻе֣ҲûйѯʣֻճܣϾʲôˡ
￴Ǹ񼡣ɻΪļǸŮ˺ǰõʲôν񼡡Ҳֻ룬ûпʳ
ܿ죬Щĵˡ
ת뿪ˡЩ⣬ΪʲôҪԼμĵᡣϳؼˡ
Һ󣬿ſ̣ȻΣҲůǰ˵裬ȥϢɡ
迴ͷŻˣǲûеһʱ˯ǿȥμᣬоô
Ļţġ
һЦȻǰҲúġǱزٵġ
Ĭһ£ŵ֪˵ţǺñӣߴٵˣϢɡ
̼״ͷ
۾һ䣺Ҳתȥˡ
ûеһʱط䣬ȥ¥ϣ͸ȵĴڵı͸ԿĵѾϨˡ
ϿţǱһ£룺Ӧûҵ¿ˡվһ󣬲ŻԼ䣬ҲûϢڿ顣
գϿųСӣΪʲô
˼һŻţǹķ񼡣Ҫܸҡ
ϿƲסķţ񼡣
ķӦô󣬱Щ֣ǻţǵġ
˵󣬱˻֣ˣϽȥѧɡٵˡ
ĬĿһۣȻݲŵġ˵꣬ͼ¶һЦݣ治˼ǼѾȥѧУˡ
Ĭĵͷ֪ˡ˵꣬뿪ˡסԼ˵ԼҲܳ𣬱ϾԺпԼ
ϼû˼ƲƲ죬ȻͰųȥ
˹˾˰칫ңų˵񼡣ֲɵýһ£ôҲû뵽ǸŮ˾Ȼ뿪ˡô˵᲻һһǻᷢɫԽѿˡ
ܽܵģžó绰
ﵽѧУ󣬹Ȼĳٵˣʦû˵ǵţͬѧǲ岻ҪҪؼϢһ£
һ糣Ļţûϵֻѧ̫Щˡ
ʦ󣬺οһͬѧϢһ¡̫ˡ
ͷõġ˵꣬صλϡ
ڳͬѧʦĻʱƲֹţǵġ
Ҳ˵˵˵㣬ٵˣʦ˽ڣǡ
治ɫĿ˭㲻ǰ೤ȻʦҲġ
һⲻλС϶С˵꣬ҲˡǿݹԹԣţҵд𣿡
ݹԹԹɵҡҡͷֱ׳ĻصûС
౼Цֵ˵ͷͲʦ鰡
ҡҡͷ¡Ұְ˵ҳ˵ţЩ
౼ˣ̲סҿĽˡĻǴѧͲһˡ
ļ򣬵ûϵһᾭȥġ
౼ô˵Ѿ뵽𣿡
ǰ
౼ε̾һ
ĳҲ֮ĶԻüͷܿɿˡͷȻֱϴѧһʱء
ʱݹԹŤͷųڵѾʹҾ˾ˡҾ˾˵ҪȾƣȻĻС
ﲻʵΪʲôҪȾƣ
ڻţΪҪơ
󣬳Ĭһҽؼԣ𸴡
ڻţãҲüϾʱ仹ء
ͷ֪ˡ
౿ţͻȻ廰೤ô԰
￴ţȻǺһ԰
౼ش𣬱˵ţ㿴вУһϢ˵ţ˾ݹԹԣʾһ¡
ݹԹԼˣ룬ȤȻǺȾȤǾÿԿ̬ȤҲĻش
ԭӦĳݹԹ̬ȣǵͷðɡ
౼Ӧˣ˸ҮƣѾҪ׼ĶˡȻǱزٵġ
ݹԹԿţ˵ȥҼҺȰɡȻĻҰְָõˡ˯Ҽҡ
౺ͳ໥˿ûоʲôףͬˡ
˶ڰڴϵĵ

 88 

ת, ˷ѧʱ, ݹԹԱȲĴ, ߴ˹ʰ, ǿ㣬һֱҼҵĳ
౺ЦĿԹ, һҪȥҹù˵һء
ҲţһҪȥ˾һˣԲܸһȥ
һ㲻˼ͷ֪Լ̫żˡðɡ˵꣬ҲͲڴˡ
ʰ߶˵ౣһŻؼңҪ棬ȥҵݲе̫ˡ
౵ͷûи˵֪ˡ
ݹԹ˵Ļ, ̾һôҲû뵽ͰԼؼҺ滮ˡ
˵꣬Ҳʰˡ
ݹԹԺڵĵطǰȥ, ԼһߵѧУĴſڣȥ˾ˡ
ݹԹԿЦźδľð
ô˲Щ, Թԣʲô
վ˵ùãҽȥԹԼ棬Ͳȥˡ
ˣͷã֪ˡ
౼˵ˣǣݹԹˡ
ߺ󣬲һֹţӦñȽϺðɡ
ݹԹԺ˵Ȼûпˡ౿ݹԹԣʵԹԣ𣿡
ͷţаôˣ
УЦ˵ǰѳԺͿԳЦˡ
һ£ɵĻţðɡӦòͬġ
౰˰֣ͬġһжҪˡ˵ִ꣬յĶߣС˵ļƻ
ͷá˵꣬˱ߵУſڣˡ
Һȿſ̺үүںţ̡үүðˡ
̳Цһ£ӭ档
౳ǹɵЦ
ݹԹʱڵүү̣Ҵȥˡ
̶ȥɣһǵԷ
֪ˡ˵꣬˱¥ˡ
౿ˣԹԣҵɡ
ԵĽһ£Ȼֺõ˵ҲٰϾĩ
Цһ£ͬʱ򣬾ЦŷС
ʱЩʧˣҲֻЭ˵ðɡ˵꣬ȥһȥһ£վ౵һ¡
ƵĿʵʲô£
Ҽûơ
һ£ôܣ岻Ⱦ𣿡
ҡҡͷҰְִûڼҺȹơ
ˣֺĽȻǳȥô
ٴҡҡͷţҼҸûгСҪҪĻ
ˣһ£ó
ͷţð˵ţͳֻ˹ȥǲû˽Ϊֱӹػˡ
ݹԹԿֻ֡Ұְְ˵ţϴ˹ȥԭҪסౣôʹˡҲû˵ʲô
Σ绰ܿͨˣӶ洫ţôʱְִ绰
ЦŻصְ֣ʱԴ𣿡
绰ͷһ£Ȼ󿪿ʵôҪư
εĿһ£ôҲû뵽ֱ˵˳
ݹԹţˡ
󣬱õġְ֪ˡְֻȥ
ĵĻţллְ֡˵꣬绰Ҷˡ
౼ϵϲɫ֪ͬˣˣھѾˣڸдҵˡ
ݹԹţ˲Щˡȴòȥѧ
ϿŹҶϵĵ绰Цһ£Ȼţ½ʿ
һӣ½ʿҴ˽ϰ壬𣿡
ϿȥһЩ͵ĹƣһЩߵľơ
½ʿȻЩ⣬ǵͷӦõġ˵꣬ת뿪ˡ
ʱĳ̲סһ¡
ϣϺͳͬһʱ䵽ˡϺܲѰĸһЦ
￴ţе֡ǲû˵ʲô
ȥݹԹԿϣְ֣Ϻá
ϳЦЦȻϵĴӷŵϣݹԹԿţְ֣ľ𣿡
Цһ£ţǰ
ˣЦŵְˡ˵ţְּ֣ȳԷɡүүѾ꣬ȥϢˡ
ϵͷأ
ЦţҺﶼûгԣŰְء
ˣæţܼңѷ˶
ݹԹԼˣæ˵ְ֣Һﶼ˵ʳҲܶġ
һԣֻ΢Цͷ
ɫһ壬ҲСˣϽȥԷɡ
ݹԹԵͷá˵ֿ꣬һֱĬĳԷ𣿡
ҡҡͷصû
ݹԹ˵ûǾһɡ
ûȻش𣬶ȿϣû˵ʲôŵͷð
һԷˡܿ죬ˡ
ϿݹԹǣҪȰ
һ£ϣû뵽֪
ݹԹһ£ţ𣿡
ҡͷ˵ţСΪ̺үүѾ˯ˡ
Ǿȥҵķɡ
ٴξܾС
Ŀ˵ΪʲôҲа
Ʋһ۳ûлش𣬶ֱ˵ţȥͷɡ
ݹԹô˵ð˵꣬׼ֱž¥û֣ǰһ
ݹԹԼˣЦȥȥҵʳ˵ţҪȥҡ
æ˵ţҲһ𡣡˵꣬˱һȥˡ
ϼˣҲû˵ʲôǿųˡȥɡ˵꣬¥ȥ
￴ˣҲæϡ
ݹԹԿౣʵҪʲô
౿ӣεҡҡͷҲԡ
⸱ӣƵ˵ôˣ
̾һȻ־˵㣬ʳ¥
á֮˱㱧һЩԵ¥ˡ
ʱ¥ϵˣ˹գֻȰѴľ˳
ϼˣֱӷֳЩǺȵġЩȵġ
һ£Ȼͷͬá
ϼôľӦ£Ҳû˵ʲôˡֻȴǺܺá
һݹԹԺ˱¥ͿŵˣݹԹԺ˵ְ֣ҲҪһ𣿡
ϵͷְֿԲμ𣿡
Ȼ԰˵ţһ
౿˿ǲһλϡ
ݹԹԿԼǰɫľƣ㿪ʵְ֣ʲô
ϿĻţЩǹƣȽϵ͡ȽʺŮӺȡ
ˣĿЩȣ·ϴε顣
౵ûиоʲôֱһƿƣһں۾һ£ûкܶľζˮζӶࡣ
ݹԹԿ𣿡
౿ƲƲȻΪƭ㰡
æ֣ȻҲһƿǳɫģ򿪺һں󣬱ͷǡ˵ţ̰ĺ˼ڡ
ϼ㿴Сӣ㲻𣿡
￴˿Լǰľƣ롣ˡ
ȵһڵʱ򣬾Ǹоȵڶڵʱ򣬻˹˵ĺһƿ
ϿһƿȫˣЩ͡
ݹԹԺ౼ˣæȥڿĵĵطҲˡ
꣬ʲôҲûǴһá۾ȴһʼôˡ
ϿţЦǰ˻ӣվ𣿡
ȴġݹԹҲǰ̽˵磬վ𣿡
βѸٵĻţԡ˵꣬վһҲûǡǡ˵ı֡
ݹԹԸоЩ棬˵磬㻹Ҫ𣿡
ѸٵĻţúȣе
һ£
ȴᶨ˵ţ
ݹԹԿˣҲƽϣ磬Ҫؼ𣿡
ٴμᶨĻţҪ
ΪʲôҪ
һ£ȻһĻţǲҪ
౼ˣһıЦȻҲ˵ϽؼҰɡ
ţҪ౸ˡ
ˣ˲俴˵ʲôأ
ٴظһ飺˵ҪǸˡ
౶ʱЦֱǰʲô˼
ĿǸˡ
౼ظһ飬Цôˣ
ûϳ˵ţ㲻౻
ĻˡˡݹԹһ͵ЦҲЩû뵽СӵľƷ
౲мһ˵ˣϽؼҰɡҾڸڡ
ЩʧĻţżңҼҡ
ţֻܷŶͷˡ
ݹԹٴǰų磬ؼҰɡ
ҡҡͷί˵ţҪһûкꡣ˵ţȥ׼һƿȡ
ݹԹæֹ磬ٺȡ
˶٣ҡҡͷҪһûв⡭ء
ݹԹںţԣٺȡ
ֱԭؾþòһһ
Щͷˣֱǰ׼ǲŵİŵڵĿͷˣ㿪ʼӥ׽Сǲץס
϶ֱӱЦˡҲһֻĿųţô졣ݹԹԼˣ˵ҪȻȥ䣬Ϣɡ
ϿС˵ֶ꣬ݺݵĿһ׼ת뿪ǳȴֿʼˡֱֻݹԹԣίȴЩţ㿴С߲񲻼ˡ
ݹԹеܺЦţС߲أҼңȻ
һ£𣿽ŷ仡ܳġŶһȻȥС߲Ӧĳġ˵ţҪȥ
ϼˣֱǰϢˡ
ȴһȻҡ
϶ʱЩˣôҲû뵽ô
˵ʱ򣬳ίͰ͵˵һ䣺ҡȻֿݹԹԣţҡҴȥС߲Ҫ
ݹԹԿһЦ˳Ҳһ̿
ãŰȵ˯˿ͷ
ݹԹԺ౶̲ס˺üСϼˣæ۵˵ˣǿȥϢɡʣµİŪ
ݹԹԵͷǰְҲϢ˵꣬ͻԼˡ
Ҳȥֻߵʱû
ʱص磬ûлؼңȥѧУĿҪȵˡ
ֱҹҲûпǸԼԼˡԼǱ˸ӡȻֱŭĴ˹ȥ绰һֱͨʵõΪʲôʲô˼
ʣüͷһ壬˭Ҳʶ㡣˵꣬ûеȻشֱӹҶ˵绰
ԼҶϵĵ绰ǿΧˣû˵ʲôĸǮ󣬱뿪ˡ
񼡰ֻӵһߣŵԡ
ţţ񼡣ո˭
ҲţҲʶ
ô˵ĬһȻ˵񼡣һֻ
ܿ˵ţõġ˵꣬Ϸ֮ˡ
õֻ˳ȥµϵˣдŵ򣬱ǸŮ룬ֱӻ˹ȥ
绰ûкܿͨǺŵӵģһͨ洫˳ôС㣬˭ˣ
ûлػҲû׼˵Ȼ㲻ңҲǺ㡣ǲǻ뵱ϵӣֻҪһæҾ㵱ϵӣô
ֱӹҶ˵绰ս˵绰ǲûлȥֱӰѵ绰ȡ˳ȻֻϺݺݵһˤ֪Ļ󣬲ֻ˻ȥǸε˵񼡣ֻҲСˤˡٸһµġ
񼡲Ļ˻֣㡣
ˣֻؿһۣȻԱߣϷ
򣬼õٴιҶԼĵ绰ѾˣֻЦһ¡
գӴ𣬿ΧǺϤĻЩɡţϵļһӿˡ
סˣһסԴ˵ţʲô
һվſڡһŴţ¥
յ¥ݿڣ¥´ĻЦкϤŲ˶٣ɫƽȥ
һȥͿ¥µ˶ƽĳǴк
ϼˣЦЦĿѯʵ˯ô
Ųһ£Ȼµǰܺáллݲġ
Цһ£û˵ʲô
̿ڵϽؼȥ·һɾζ
ͷõġ˵꣬㲻һϵֻı飬ӿٶȻȥˡ
ҡҡͷЦŵ⺢ӡ
ҲЦ޵ðܶµġڶ԰æˡѧϰɼҲû¡
Ȼû˵ʲôȴдŽı顣
һѸٻһɾ·˽ȻĬĬվڳԱߣ˵ˡ˵ȴҪŹ
ֻϿ˵ԺǧҪȾư
ӽһ£Ȼͷصõġݲ
ϼôӦ£ûʲô˼㲻׼ˣ˵ˣȥͰɡ

 89 

û˵ʲôȥԷˡݹԹԺ౿˿, Ҳȥ
һǵ, ౾ͺĳЦ, Ҳ̫˰ɡҶ¼ˡ, 㾹Ȼ˵һⶼû뵽
ݹԹһţеǻ֡
౵, ϾԽԽ¸߰֡
Ȼһ౼Լû˼ƲƲ죬ʼһԵݹԹװģ˵ţȥС߲ɡ
ݹԹһЦ˳
΢΢̧̧ͷౣǸˡ, Ҳؼҡһʱ䣬Ͱѳ̬˸顣
ݹԹҲֹסЦ˳̲סˣ߳ŭĺһ䣺ౣ
Ͷ, ſǳ೤𣿡
˵ұ.졣ȻҪǺĶͺˡΪʲôأΪĶѾͨˡ
ݹԹԺ˶ˣ̲סЦ
ֻεĿݹԹһ, ĺš
ݹԹæұƣȴ¶Ц
̾һԱ˵ЦЦɡţӸˡ
ݹԹԼô˵Цһ
ЦˣҲЩЦ⡣Ǻݺݵصһౣౣ˵¼ʲô˼
ֱ׳Ŀţ¼ˣⲻ𣿡
￴˵ɾˡ
Ųᶨ˵ţǶõĴķҲŲҪɾء
˵ʱݹԹһĬĬص˵ͷ
￴ˣҲ׼˵ϾԺеʱɾˡˣȥԶ˵ţܼұѾһһЩСˣ
ݹԹԺҲˡʼһֹ˵Ļ
￴ˣȻʲôҲû˵ǳԷĶȴӿһͳˡ˲˵ҿǵƷ
౲ӦֱɾˡݹԹѾ²˵ð
ֻþ˵ǧҪŪʲô۶ӣȻҺ͹ԹԺ󶼲ˡ
һۣȻݹԹԣţİ
üĻţ¥ϡ߰ɡ˵꣬ǰˡ
Ҳæȥ
Ǳ㴩ȥ¥ϡ˻ڼ졣
¥ݹԹԱҳӰ
ݹԹԿţɵƲƲ죬ôˡҲûϵ˵ţЦ
Լû֮ˣƷ裬һݹԹǾûǺܺЦһȥˡ
˽ųҪؼˣҪҪһ𣿡
￴˿á˵ţ¥ˡ
¥󣬾ͼ̺̻졣
ˣƽĿһϣû˵ʲôվ˳Աߡ
̼ˣ͵˵ˣ
ֻǵͷûлػ
ݹԹԺʱҲˡ
̼ˣԣû֡
ԭҪܾĻû˵ڣˣϲ֡
ϼˣû˵ʲôǷԸܼҶ㷹
ܿ죬緹ˡСһ𣬼һ𣬾ֵĳ
̺ͳ̿ţ̲סһ뷹ҲЦ⡣
緹󣬸ԱȥϢˡ
̺ͳؼˡ׼ȥԱݹԹһȥˡ
ҡϷ֮УϷʱ򣬵ȴԻһϷ棬һҲõġ
鷿ֻһδ֪뷢ȥϢϢֻһ֣ҪҰʲô
ӵϢˡ򣬿ֻϵϢ۾ʱһ¡룺Ȼ֪ҵܣҲ֪ܡţҲȥһϢֻǻش𣬶ʾ䣺Ҫ𣿲ڣ
˿Ȼ֣Ȼ
ˣЦһ£ȻҰݹԹԸˣ
ţһ£ҪһݹԹ˭ԺϵŮͽݹԹԡ룬̽дţΪʲôҪҽݹԹ԰ϵŮ𣿡
ˣЦһ£ȻٵĴôú裿᲻ݹԹ԰ȻԼ취ɡ
ˣ֪ϵŮּôأæţҲ˼ֻǺΪʲôݹԹôԹް
һһСϢ˻£ֻҪҽݹԹԣҾ͸⣬޸ϡ
ţ֣õġ֮󣬱ֻŵһԣ顣
ԽɫԽѿǵҪƢʱ򣬾ͼֱ˽Ҷˡ׼ԵġˣһҪ⡣
ʹ֪ɢˣϻԼ֪Ц⣬ãһȥԸܼҡ
ĵͷȻʵôˣ
һ£ɻĿ
ˣõ˵ţɫǲôˡ
ˣЩжѾԾõȽֻáȻЦţû¡ֻǹϵЩ˳
񼡼ô˵ͷȥˡ˺ҡ
ͷá
֮񼡱ط䣬ǷԸ˹ܼң׼Եġ
ûãˡȥͼϷֻûһʼ˸߲ˡ
һ۷Ź˵ǲǷˡ
Цŵͷţǵģȥ԰ɡ
һǵģæ¥ȥ
ˣҲæϡ
һ¥£ͼѾ˲ϣѾ˿ӣѸٵĳ
ţҲûһʼĿˣߵϣȥ񼡣ԡ
֪ȥ˻ûȥȴһ
ˣҲͲ˵ˡҲʱǲ˵ţ񼡣ʶ𣿡
붼ûĻţʶ
˵ʶͫ׾һ£Ȼʵôʶİ
ֱԲ˵ͨõʶġ
һ£Ȼ˼Ƭ̣˿ӡ񼡣㡣
񼡿һۣʰ
ڳԣ꣬ʡ˵ţȥ˿ꡣ
Ӻ񼡲Ŵһã˹Ķ棬ʲô£˵ɡ
۾㲻ǰõ˭
һۣǲɵţ񼡰
ûǼ񼡣Ǵģ˵꣬Źһ˿һ
ȴǸӣţǴġ
Ļͫٴһ£Ĭһٴοڵǰõأ
˵ţ֪˿ûвԼʲôԡԼ˵ĻǶô˾ȡ
ʵ뿪𣿡
ͷ룬ҡҡͷţҲ֪˶٣ֲһ䣺ҽڲ뿪ġ
ĻشĲŷŻԭλĻпܻȥͼʵ񼡣Ҫôȥ˵꣬ͲˡͼӪһֻǺ棬ǷҪ֪״̬
Ҳ˼ֱӻţ顣һӣּһ䣺ͿҸ顣
һ£ôҲû뵽ôش𣬱ǲõʱҪ뿪𣿡
ᶨĵͷȻ֪ǣıʾ㡣Ժ󾡹鲻ãҲûҪ뿪鲻õʱ򣬱ҪҲáùˡ
ĵȻǵ٩˵ȻԺҪֺ㣬㲻Ҫ
ͷȻ˵ġȻҲˣұ뿪
ô˵ˣΣյɫ
֮񼡾ٴ¥ȥϷˡǻص鷿飬ҪôãһӲ뿪
ʱȥˣҲڲͣЪǰš
ת۾͵ӡܳﲻȾƣҲԸĵ˰ɡ
峿ݹԹԺ౴ӴԭΪҪݹԹԱǰһҹȥҡ
ݹԹԿͷౣЦ˵ͷëʨ
ҲǴߴٵ˵·¥ˡ
ŵͷá˵꣬˱´յİ
ǷɫģʽһġݹԹԴźƯҲǲѶá
˴ã໥Էͷ¥ȥˡ
һ¥£Ϳº֡˼˱ûǰ֣ųȥ׼ҵԷ
˱ųȥǻûߵ̺ţСౣţ
໥һۣȻתȥˡ
౿̣̣𣿡ݹԹҲĿ
̿ˣ̲ס˵˵ͷϽȥҷʦŪһ¡Ҫôġ
ݹԹԿ˿ౣֿ˿ݹԹԣ˶ûʲôáǿһ޵̣û˵Ǻܸӵĵͷ
̼ǵͷˣЦŵԡ˵꣬˺æ˹ȥ
ݹԹԺһųȥûߵ㱻˺סˡֻӿЩŵ˵ţԹԣСౣǹ
˲Լͬ̾һȻȥ
౿û˵ţùãʲô
ҲûǿţҴôСûӰɡ
౿ţĵĿ޵Ů·ڽ϶ᱻΪǡ㲻õġ
ˣȻЦСౣ㻹Ȥҡ
౼״ε˵Һ͹ԹѾһˣڻûгԶͲܴ󷢴ȱȥԶ𣿡
һԵݹԹԣҲûʲô񣬱æǿȥ԰ɡһӭ׵ĳӾ͸ˡ˵ţͲɵ÷졣
౿ţ뵽һֱԼֵĹùã͸޳ȥˡһᡣȻĳǰס˵ùãƯ
һ£ȻЦݣرһ£лл˵꣬౱Щ˼ݹԹԳȥˡ
ݹԹԿѵò˼Цһ¡
ˣ㿴Ҫʲô
ҲĻţʲôʲôɡ
౵ͷ˳߽˳ŸɸɾĶܷĳЩȻ
ݹԹԿţ̲סŶӣҶˡ
౻ţȥô¡˵ţȥԼĸױϣ˵裬ôûԵİ
ĸһԴùĵˡôܻС˭ô
ţŶӵ裬ҶˡȻͣһ룬ԹҲˡ
ĸţſ˵ţȥͷͷЩԵġȽͰɡ
ҲĵͷȻĸһ˵裬ƯҪˡ˵꣬ܿˡ
ĸЦҡҡͷСӡ
౿ݹԹԣ߰ɣȥ¥ϡ
ݹԹƵĿΪʲôҪ¥
౱߱˵ţΪˡѾûгԵˡȶԸһ¡
ݹԹԵͷá
¥ȥ˿ͷͿһЩ֮ĳԵģֱӴ򿪳Ȼô˹ҲôǱ
ţݹԹԵֻˡһ£ǰְ֣һ㴫ϵţ˯ô
ݹԹ԰ĳԵȥſڻţܺð
ܺãЦһ£Ǿͺáһڻֳ
õģְ֡˵꣬绰Ҷˡ׼һ绰˹Ϊǰְ֣ûĽְ֣㻹Ҫʲô𣿡䣬һ
ݹԹϤĿԼְֵƿһ£ǳ㲻˼ĻصΪҰְ֡𣿡˵ţ򿪣ֻŵһԣ
ĻӶ洫ʵ˯ô
ţܺð
Щˣŵ绰˵ôһŰԹԣ
һԼ㲻ô͵Ļţֻʡ
ƲƲ죬ˣû£ûҺ͹ԹԾͼԷˡ
ţʵǲųԷ𣿳Եʲô
ݹԹԿڻţԵ
һЩˣౣ͸ų
ƲƲ죬Ҳ밡ԼԵءˣ˵ˣһֳ˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
ݹԹգգۣҲû˵ʲôļ
ͷĳЩĿֻ
ܿ죬ӳĶ͵ҡ
ӳЩŵһװʱʱһԵĳôûʲôװɡ
ҡҡͷƽĻţûС˵ţӳһ
˵ûʲôףһ˽ȥ
һҲæϡ˽ȥ
һȥͿˣֻǶЦ⣬˵ţɹҪ
鿴ţݸ԰һ붮óһЩǼʱѾͨ˵һؿ
Ǹյ¥ݿڣһŮˣֻǶЦ֡ĺǵϡͬʱЦŵλС㣬ҹȥɡ
ȴûͬ⣬ɳһ˵ţɹٸ˵ûֺֺǣǾȥˡ
ˣ㿪˵Ӻ󣬵ȫ˹ȥҲȥһء

 90 

鿴ֻ¶һ϶, ЩЦ˵š
һ, ݹԹԵʹ洫˹, 
, Թԣ㿴ƽ˾˶ðſвУ
ݹԹԻûлػ, ˵ţС
СѾͷƬӻػЦҪôſԽȥ
ݹԹԺĻ౱Ѹոõ˵˳ǽһǵİʷΪʲôϲҹùáҪˣҲŷ
һ죬ĻţùȻŴ֣ҲСŮһ棻ȻԴȱÿζҿģȻǸʦʱȴѧɡ
ţһЦ˳˵ȱ𣿡
Ц洫ȱ㡣ҾЩܿɰ
౿Ǳڴϵ, СȤùãû뵽ڹԹԾ˾ôð
ɫһ죬Щߵ˵ţ, Ͻɡ
౿ҡҡͷ첲հ˵, ֶһ⣺ɹ٣Զҹùú𣿡
һ룬ᶨĻʹ⴫Ҳұ֤ҿԱ֤ҾԲṼùõġ
Ļشһ˿Ц⣬ΪĻţŴˡ
һ򿪣Ϳˣȴûдٴ֣
ˣϵĺ˹ȥЦĽ˹Ҳûж̣ǷһݹԹԡ
ݹԹҲÿ
￴ɫȹӵݹԹԣ䲻ɵ÷죬ȻǰţƯ
ĵĻţлл
ЦˣøÿˣûڿޣǰĶ˹ȥ϶ûгԺáȺȵ
౼ˣ̲סƲƲ졣
ǱϵӸ޵ˡϲ˽ȥĿˡ
ҲЩ˼ĵͷ
౿֮ᣬֱӵˡȻɹ٣Ьɡ
ƿߣʼһҵһֻһֻȴЩΪѡĿ⿴ݹԹԡ
౼ˣæݹԹק˵ţɹ٣ɲס
εЦһ£ֿʼڳİҵһֻЬӡ
Ьӡ֮һ¥ȥ
Щߵİؿڵķ
¥¡Ű¡
ǰĸĸﲻ֪ôģͻȻӿ⣬գۣһգ۾
˫ϥأĸ
︸ĸ˵С飬ǰŮˣϣԺúö
ᶨĻţһġ˵꣬λˣϵĺ˹ȥ
ĸԺúù
ͷ֪
֮˱ϳȥֳˡ
ݹԹҲں档
ݹԹԿţɵĿڵԺ󲻼ˡҲѹˡ
һЦȻһԵĳð϶Ըһӵġ
ЩĻţǵȻҿıŮȫȻûпһԳЩѿɫ

һʱȥˡҲˡ
ҹݹԹЩ۵壬ϳˡϣ˵ְ֣۰
۵ĿϾͻؼˣؼҾݸˮ衣
ͷЦŻţá
ܿ죬㵽ˡҺݹԹԱ˷䣬Ϣȥˡ
գʮӣݹԹԲɵĲ¥¡Ѿָˣ˵ţְ֣ҾԺ󲻽飬ڼ㡣
ˣ۾һҪ˵ã̱㲻ͬ˵ţţԺſһ۰ˡ˵꣬ϱ㲻Ŀһۡ
ݹԹԼǰߣҰְ־ͺҡ
֣ţǲһ
ȻЩ⣬˵ţðɡȻ㲻̸ˡ
ҲһţϽȥԶɡ
ЦĻţõġ˵ţȥ
ȥ̿ϣϣǲҲʱҸˣ
һҡͷҾͦãòˡ
̼Ҳô㲻ˣǿүү߰ɡȥ䡣
á˵ţ˱໥ȥ
Ͽ˿û˵ʲôóֻһڣ־ͿҪŵˡţǱʼԺѰ
ͬʱҲЩĵǡΪ˼ල񼡣ʵԷµǡ
һҾƵ񼡣ϵЦǲã˵ţ񼡣컹Ҫȥ棿
²ĿصԼ㡣Ͻȥɡ˵ţֻ˻ӡ
ˣҲ˵ã뵽ˣ͸˵
֪ˡͷҲû̧Ļš
ҡͷЦЦȻתȥˡ
ȥϵЦŲȥķ䣬յµĵ绰绰һͨʹ潹ϰ壬ʲôʱ
Ļţôˣ
ǣֻǹ˾Ҫ
ô˵ţһʱ䡣ˣ˵ˡûʲôҪ顣
ûС
Ǿ͹ˡ˵꣬͸ɾĹҶ˵绰Ȼ˵ǰʼ顣
ڵķ䣬ͻȻһ¶Ȼžͻ˹ȥ
һ˹ǵѹʱѾһˡ
õǴһĻЩ߳䣬Ȼţ𣿡
ˣ˳ȥô𣿡
õʱɫһ䣬ô⣿ģ
ʻͫײɵһ£Ȼ̽ʵ㲻֪𣿡
õüţ֪
̬˵˵ţõĲ֪𣿡
ЩͷĻţ֪Ͻͻȥǰܣ֪֪
û˵ʲôֻϵЦɫ˵õʲô
õĿţȻȥˡôǮˣ
֮û˵ʲôģֱӻطˡ
صЩĿţװõôͻȻˡ񼡲˵ˣֻҪãͲʧţͷĺݺݵشһӡ
İõ͸¥µˣüͷһ¡ɻԼѵǱ󵽹Ȼߵſڣŵͻȥ
һ룬ʹҡ
õô˵ЩмȻһ£ԼֻȻڣµӦߵġȴһֻ
һ򿪣ͿĻҸƬƬԼǸȻһЦݵעܿͱʱˡ
𾪵Ŀʱ䣬ЩΪʲôһѾˡܿ죬Ժһ˼뷨ȴȷ뷨˭壿
ֻĻϵƬŸոѿɫͻȻЦȻŲӣٴſڣݺݵõ㡣
ڵѾƽ飬һ˵ţʰһ£Ȼ˳ȥűʲô£
õŽȻ̬ͬȣƤЦⲻЦĿڵôģ
ţҰܵġ
õô˵ЦΪǴ𣿡
ǿһϵֻȻȻ󿪿ڵԼ˵Ұܹ𣿡
õô˵ҵôģ
ƽĻţĵڶ˸һġ
õĿڶ˸񣿣
Ļţǰ˶٣˵ţǵڶ˸𣿡
õô˵һϲȴȵ˵ҵĵڶ˸񣿡
ĵĻţ԰ȻΪʲôԼһ֡˵ţͶ񼡸еǸǲܲ˵ϾһعϤˣͻ֪ˡڸ˵á
õҲţʲô֣ŵ۾ȴ¶⡣
񼡰˶٣˵е
õûоʲôףͷȻһȥɡ
ֽһ£ܿɿˣţɡ˵ֻ꣬صˡ
õıӰû˵ʲôҲ˷䡣Ҫúһνĵڶ˸ʲô
ص䣬ֻûжٺҲûжϢϵֻһž͸оЩ֡
ǵʱȴÿƬǴŲõЦ⡣⣬߲Ծŭ𡣾ڲϲҲǱѡ
ƬеһԼϤôİѵνҲԱ𣿲ӦòԭΪԭаõɲʲôν񼡡
ΪʲôҪ˵񼡣Լѵǲ𣿻˵Ϊ˲֣ᷢţеЩ֡ǿȷϵ񼡾ԲԼνĵڶ˸񡣶пƭԼԭʲôھͲö֪ˡ
ðõӦԼˣϾɲʲô˶׽ܴԽ֮飬ڶ˸ȽϿסɲ´ˣΪõǴԽʿ
ţ˷䣬ȥõſڣźõ
õ˳ôǻƱ𣿡
ҡҡͷոõǸɫֻأ
õ֪ʵ˵أôˣ
Ҳֱ˵ңá
õƽĿһۣȻţҪ˵꣬͵š
ţһͷ顣룬û׼ҪǱɾˣǿɾͲˡ
֮󣬱ٶûȥĻƱϻعˡ
˹ڣŰõģ
õôʣ㿴ʵʱסģ
ôʣֱӿȥ˱
õ³󣬿ǰıЩȵģ
ͷǡ
õЩţɵ˵ҼҸ𣿡
ǡŲͣһ£ȻţԼй˾
õ˵ʲô
ظһ飺˵й˾
õʵʲôʱ飿
˵ţǰǰ˿ûоȡ
õ󣬱ݺݵĿΪʲôûи˵
ĻţΪҲûʹһֱڹעϰ˵ţЦһ¡
õ˵ģӽһ£Ȼ˲ͻָ˹ʵô֪ģ
ĵĿһλС֪İ˵ֱ꣬˽ȥ
õλνСѣܿʹӼ﷭˳֪Լֻ򡣽ţŲ˽ȥ
ſվŵˣ²ǹܼң㿪ڵܼңҵŵȥ
õģˡ
õҽʲô
ܼһ£˵˰
õϸ˵ţҽʲô
ЩɵĻţ񼡷ˣ
õһջ𣬵ȴ˵ҽаõ벻Ҫˡ
ܼæ˵ţõġˡ
֮󣬰õ¥ˡǰϴķ䣬ֲɵĽԼǰһֱסСķ䣬ԼϵɷȴסֵطѾüˣûи߹Լ
ţ㿴ǰĶǲ˳ְֱͨͨӵˡ
Ҳܿ챻ˡֻһĺţõʲô
õƽ˵Щﲻһ¡
ô˵ѹסԼҪĳ嶯ˣùܼŪ˵꣬ʹţܼң
һܼұҴүôˣ
ֱӷԸţĶŵֿȥ
õģү˵ţǰʰһ֣õ˵ţ÷Ųֿ⣬ֱӶˡ
ܼһ㿴ѯ
ؿһ۰õȻ˻֣ġ˵תˡ
õ뿪ˣҲ׼뿪ֻ֮ǰ˵ţЩˣһ
õġ
õֻͻȻ뵽Լֻءţȥ鷿ˡ˵ҵֻأ
ţ֪˵ֱ꣬ӸϵϽȥɡڲ뿴㡣
õ⸱̬ȣ㳰˵ңҵĵڶ˸ҪҪڳ˯һʱ䰡
ˣ۾һǲĻص԰ĵڶ˸ϲҡ㡣
õô˵͵Űɡ˵꣬˳ȥ
ߺ󣬿ʼҪôſ񼡻ѵҪѰõΣ˯Ѻͻ˰죬ûʲô˼
õȥ˿ֻֻһ˵ϵʽЩ͡û˵ʲôҳԼ֤תȥˡ
ȥˡһ˷ȥϢֻһ仰վɡ꣬ȥܼķ䣬˵ţЩˡǰһ׼ȱ
ܼȻе֣ûʳǴӦţõġ
ˣ±߰õ˵꣬뿪
ʱ񼡿ΧããһУеͷţ˭ϽͻȥȻÿǣĻû˻ش𡣾档оʸоʱȥˡ

 91 

õԼĺŲ, 㷭ûʲô, ֱӴ
ʱ, Ͽε, ֻϵĺ룬Цһ¡ȻʲôҲû˵ģֱӹҶˡ
, Ǿֱڡ˭ôס
ԭʱϢ˽һЩ󡣾ûٴˡտʼҲõ˺ö绰ǲûдͨͷˡ
תۼ¹ȥˣû뵽ǸԼˡѾˡ
õû˽ӣüͷһ¡Ȼ㲻ˣֱȥѧУˡ
ܿ죬͵ѧУĸ룬ѧУһʼ¿Ρ
ûһ߽ѧУȻ֪İ༶, ǿʦʡ
һʦİ£ҵ
Ц, ţС򣬹һ¡
ˣһͣԼܻ, 㲻鲻Ը߹ȥˡ
ʦĵһ䣺ͬѧ𣿡
ǡ˵ţͣһ룬ţǰ̡
ʦˣ̲סЦŵͬѧĬ˵꣬ˡ
õȴЩĿʲô˼
ƤЦⲻЦĿǵôæôˡ
õô˵üͷ΢΢һ£ʲô˼
ǹ˶ѵ˼ǰˣ
õЩɵĿҲ׼ǿ˿ΧѧҸ˵˵꣬ȥ
˿ԭشһǸȥ
ѧУһĿ
ˣ˵ɡ
ҵˡһ£Ŀ˵ţԣǺ񣬶Ǿҵˡ
ʲô˼
ϸĽһ£˼ǣֱʧȥ˼µļ䡣һҹҾͲˡһ˴Խҵˡ
򳰷Цһ£ôܣһ绰㻹ˡҺ㻹ҷϢˡ
üͷ΢΢һ£Ҵ绰һˡ㷢Ϣˣ
ǰ
شǺüͷֿʼЩĿû˵ʲô˵Ļ
ϳı˵ģ
õȴûʻǽ㵽û˵ʲô˵Ļ
ʼһ£ţҺ˵һЩ
˵ʲô
ϵ鶼˵ˡ
һɫ˲Щ԰ף˵ôͻȻô˵ءԭѾ֪˰
ﰵţҿʱֻ˵˹ԼҪݹԹԵ顣
õĬһſڵˡȻ˵˾˵˰ɡôͻȻô˵˵ţ㻳ɵĿ
񣬲һ»ţΪа취޸ϣֻҪһæ
õɵĿʲô취
ͱˡһ룬˵ţֻҪһæҾΪϵӣô
õЩŵĿ˵˵ʲô취
Ȼˣǿҵ뷨ʹţҿ˵֪֪Լһ
Ŀʲô
㿪ʼ˵
ɫһʼľȣٵһת䣬Ѹ١
֮˱뿪ˡ
õɵĲżȥ
ʱصոգݹԹԿ˾ֻһƳǿˣǸϤˡõ
ѾһʱûпõЩˡȴͻȻ֣Ϊʲôţеһҡ
Ե౼ˣôˣԹԡ
ݹԹǿЦһ£û¡תƻһʲô
౿˿ĻȥʲôС
ЦŵͷѸոյ֮Ժ
ȴ˳ոտķȥˣͼıӰһŮ˵Ż
ŮˣӼ﷭˳ǰõҲ񼡡
󣬲ת߸ȥ
ʱʱİĿ⿴ݹԹԡΪͻȻ뵽СڣÿſǸŮˣһѿǸ˺ı顣ʵȴûеġ
ҺҲǺϲǸŮˡ
ţЩ⣬Ϊʲô
ɻֻȲˡ
ݹԹԺǳ극󣬱˽ҡ˽Һ󣬲Ÿո¡ʹſ˽Ŀ⣬ֱֱĶݹԹԡ
ݹԹԲĿ⣬Ȼе֣ûʣ˼Ҳǰ¡
ֻûлصԼλϣݹԹԵλԣݹԹԡ
̧ͷʵ𣿡
ҡҡͷЦ˵û¡ֻ뺰㡣
⻰һݹԹԻû˵ʲô౾ͲĿвɡ
ҲŻĲӣԼλȥ
ݹԹԸеЩ֣һֱԼˣΪʲôͻȻ־ٶ
תۣ͵˷ѧʱ䡣
ݹԹԾЩĳУſڡһͿ˿ϣ˲Цţְ֣ôҰ
ЦΪְ°簡Ծˡ
ĵĿϳؼˡ
ϣݹԹԿϣְ֣ҽ쿴õˡ
ɫĻţĿİ
ѧУ˶٣ûʣͼ˵ţġ򣬾Ǹϲҵͬѧ
ţüͷ΢΢һµܿɿµ˵ţû¡Ų
ͷţá
֮󣬳һ󰲾
ȴΪʲôȥǾ˵Ĳ񼡣ǰõѵ뿪ˣȻҲûԭˡ
˼ҡϲ𣬿ݹԹԵţˡ
ݹԹ΢΢һ£Ȼţ֪ˡ˵꣬ûе˽ȥ
ͣóҲ˽ȥ
ȥͿݹԹЩڵĿȡȻ뷢ĸԣҲЩΡ
ջȽϺáֻԵļӣ˵ţЩǸġ
Ҳûƴǣֱӽӹ˵лл衣
Цһ¡
ݹԹԱЩ¥ˡźúһԡ
ҲѾ˵ϻˡ
Ҳ̸֮¥ȥ鷿һ˴ȥ绰
绰ܿͽͨˡֱӿ˵ţٵİõô
ţ˵ʲô飬ЩĻţúøš˵꣬Ҷ˵绰
ʼ鷿ⲽôͻȻˡѵ뵽⣬ҡҡͷΪܡ
̬ͿԿϾ԰õ̬ȿûôáܴȥ
ôͻȻˣӦòܰ
˰죬û¥ȥͼĸ׸ĵ
еƣǰȻʲô࿴ᣬҲôá
ϣûжֱˡ
ҹּ˹˵֪𣿡
һ£˵ʲô
ϼ̬ȣ֪ǲ֪㿪˵
˵ܡ
ôͻŲܣЩֵ˵ʵӦþȻһûȥ֤Ǿˡ
Ĭһ񼡱ǸûǵİҲ˵ܡ
ţһȥ˵ǲġ
ͷȻ󿪿˵ţŵˡҸ׼Ҹ
ȻЩ˵ţõģлл
󣬾С뿪ˡ
Ҳ˯ȻûҲѾˡ򿪴ϵƽ壬ʺŵȻһѶǻûѡʵ
Ϸֿ󣬱Űõڵλǰȥ
ҵıֱȥ˰õ䣬ϴȻͬķ䣬˼֡
Ȼߵ˴ϷͿֻİõ
룬ƮȥƮǰ
ֻֻһ̧ۣ㷢
ôüͷһʧˡ
Ҳõĺˣ߽ͷ˵ҹ˯ʲôأ
õæµ˵ţҸոտˡë޵ġ
˵ģֿϺµɫ˵ţأ
ָһ¸ոչڵĵطȴʲôҲûС
Ҳʲôûп˵أҶûп
⸱̬ȣΪǲţġĿˡ
ɫȴţǻ᲻񼡼ˡΪʱ񼡺Ƕ˵Ӧжģȴ˿ʾ
õǲţҲ׼˵ˡǴӴһɡҿɲסˡѾеĶˡͲֱӻˡ
ˣֱӻ˻֣㡣˵ţҪߡ
õֲͷ飬ջ𣬺ȵȡ˵ţߵǰ۾Źƻ˵ţԺҪҵĻʲôʲô
ϵıƽ˵ţõġ˵꣬վԭز
õţϲǿƵ˵ˣطú˯һɡ֮˳ӵ뿪ˡ
õߺϵЦݲֹסڸոյĹѾԺˡţû뵽˵ġԼԼ޸ˡ
صڴ˯˹ȥ
ǿһĻһȰõٴڴϣ˯˹ȥ뿪ֱȥ˹ĵطϰˡ
ܿ죬͵ϰİ칫ңϰ壬񼡺ˡ
꿴ʵʲô˼
Ͱ˵һ顣
üͷȷǿԭ
ǵġ˶٣ЩֵǣҲԿҡ
ţüͷԽĽˣȻߵĹɹȥ
ǡ
峿
˯ѹΧĻͻȻЩΥ͸Уô붼û뵽ֻû·ϴ¥ˡ
¥󣬾Ϳ¥ŵİõʶһ΢Ц˵õϺá
õǲźۼĴһȻŵͷϺá
ȥ
ܿ죬Ժú󡣰õ˵ҿȥĹ˾𣿡
ǲԸȴ˵ţá˵꣬ʿ˵ҵ㡣
õϲȻ˵ԼҲԣһֱл״̬û뵽ôá
ţ¥ȥ
ıӰΥ͸ȴԽˡûбֳ׼Լºٴεһ¡
ȥ˹˾
ݼңݹԹ󣬾Ϳŵľ˾ˣ½ľ衣ǰ˵ţ˾ˣ裬Ϻð
Ц⿴ͷӶóһ˹ȥߵݻ˵ţɲҪ
ӹŲ
ҲվҲӶͳһס
ȴûкܿӹǿ˿ǣûзԣֽ˹ȥлл衣
Ц
ʱһԿʵôûȥа
û˿˼ĻţһֱȥڹΪ˿šȻ磬ǿܲμӲˡﻹǻġһ䣬ݹԹ˵ġ
һ£ЩƵ˵գȻֻһۣͿҪҵ˰
˿ţ㲻ɵҡҡͷ㰡
ţڰ֣ûϵõңǾͺúȥǵаɡ
鿴ĸЦ̲סˣá
ֺ֮һſ뿪
ݹԹŸո۵ӣǸеˡ
Ȼ߻ؿϵְ֣ҵտ쵽ˡ׼ʲôﰡ˵ţգԼ˫ۡ
ϼˣıӣ˼յʱյ԰ְڲܸ㡣
ţҲûзҪҪ֪ͷǺðɡʱҡ˵꣬ͱȥҳԵˡ
ϺЦҡҡͷȻ󲻾ŹͻȻ͵ʲô
һݹԹԾͶųԵĴӳ˲ϳ
ܿ죬ͳˡЩµĿϡ˵£ֻ
ʱ̺үүվ׼ȥ
ݹԹԼˣæţ̣ȥİ
̴ĿҺүүȥ԰档
ˣͷһ£ҲҪȥǵһ˵ţҴ¥
̼ˣæ˵㡣̲
һݹԹԱ㻻һ˶
̿ţǻϲ߰ɡ
ͷȥ԰ˡ
һĻñ￴ˣ롣תصų̵̣ҪҪȥһ
ЩȵĿû뵽ô˵ӦòΪ˳ȥ档ð˵꣬׼ȥ
ǻûͼ˵ţ̣ȥһ·˵ţ¥ٶȻ·
̿·Сһ£û˵ʲôĸȥˡ
˹԰󣬳̿ݹԹԣ׳Ϊʲôô˵ˡԭ֮ⲻھưţЦӯӯĿһ۳Ȼ˳⣬ǰݼ˴к
ݹԹԿǣ̺ɰҲ𣿡
Цſ԰ⲻլڼͷˡ
ţһҲ׹ǷԼͼ
ݹԹȴûô࣬ǿųôûȥ˾
￴ЦţڼϢ
ţͷȻյߣС˵ţҸ˵ǳǺȤġ¡˵꣬Ȥ˵ˡ
ŴյߵĻ̲סȻЦ⿴ǸƯŮ

 92 

ݹԹڹ԰һ, ظˡ
ԭҪ̺ͳϼҳ, ΪͻȻ, Աûȥ
ݹԹԻص, Ǻ˼ˮȻ̵̣ú氡
Цһ£Ų÷𣿡
ҡҡͷĻţð
̼, Ц˵Ժ̻ȥ
á֮󣬳緹ȥæˡ
ңɫĿǰνݣʲô
ţһƤŮˣĵ˵ţɩӣ㿴˵ʲôأǿһˡȻҪȴһ˿ʺһЩ⡣ߵһˣѾڴǰıﻹɫ
￴ţɫ䣬ȴ졣
̿, Цҿɲ֪ǼݡϽ뿪
Ůһߺ޵Ŀɩ, ɲҸңҡ
һЦҼͷ缸ˡҿûмݡֱݺݵؼ
Ů, û˵ʲôԵ˾Ͳˣֱվָţ˵ʲôأҴ󲮼ҡֵģ͸ˡ
ĻһҲϾһ˵ʲôء
ȻҲģɱĻˡֻվء
˼㳰˵˭
￴ͻȻûʲô˵ġֱӺܼңǸϳȥ
ܼæǰ˵ŰǿƵ˵λ뿪ɡ
ǼȴܼҲû˵ʲôֱӽ˰
һ˱סˡֵĳ˱
ʱݹԹѾߵ˳ſڣͿһĻȻе֣ûж¡
һʼֵˣݹԹԣ۾һ£Ȼվһ·λûȤӸѰ
ݹԹһЦˡôҲû뵽ʱִڨķʽ
ȴΪͬˣЩԼô˧
һ룬ݹԹԱܾ˵ţҪȻ㱧ŻĶ˽ȥ
Щ㵣û뵽ôӡȻҵĵĻĿ³
ݹԹ߽ȥͿ̺ͳ˵ĽŲЩɵ룺ҪҪȻؼҡ
ۼĳѾˣվ˵ţôˣ
ݹԹԽע⵽ԼˣûҪˣڻţ㡣
ˣ㿴ųˡȥϢһİɡ˵ţݹԹһůЦݡ
ݹԹҲһɵЦݡ
ţݹԹ¥ˡҲϾѾ·Լһˡ
ϣʲô°
Щ˵ǲʲôˣ
һ£ʵʲô£ţ㿪ʼԺٵšܿ죬ҵˡ
ֻѾ죬Ĳǵõ𣿡˵ţֻҪ˵ǵãԺҲˡ
Ц˳ǵãôܲǵŵء䣬ŵʧˡĵЦ
ˣҲҾΪ£
ȻǡЩĻţ㣬Ҫ׼ʲô
ţЦĿⲻнһ֪Ҳܸ㰡
գգ۾̾һðɡ˶٣˵ţʵҪĿǣҵдùҳ
һЩȻ˵дˣ衣
ĿΪʲô
￴Ϊʲô
ô˵˶ţȥ衣˵꣬תˡ
æţȵȡ
ͣ½ŲЩĿ˵ţôˣҪˣ
ҡҡͷҵùҽ㡣
ɵƲƲ죬ܾ˵ҲҪ˵æתƻˣոմҳȥ˭ոջʲôķʽҪϵʽء˵ţٺٵЦ
һüͷʵ𣿡
һۣȻûֲʶˣ㻹û˵˭أ
ﵭ˵ţҲʶͻȻˡ
Ŷͷˡһȥˡ˵꣬ߡ
￴ţЦ⣬ҪҵȻĻҸʦ
һŤͷְȨ
Цһ£ţɲְȨϾǰ೤ǵҵӦõġ
ݹԹԿûиı뷨ЩĻţ֪ˡ˵꣬ˡ
Ц
ݹԹŲĽŲȥ
￴뿪Ÿոˣôô֡ԼүүôܻˡүүʱǱ߿ûκġ
ţ¥ȥ˳̵ķ䣬ã̡
ڣ̿ľæ˲۾Ȼ˵ɡ
󣬱˽ȥһȥͿŵȫҸһ˹ȥ˵̣ոˣүүǱߵ𣿡
һ£ţҲΪүүû˵ϵˡ
ţͷ֪ˡ
̿ѯʣȴǿ϶Żȥˡ
һůĻţǵġ
̿Цһ£ԼҸҪúðաȻڻеЦ˵ţԼЦ
΢΢ĺȴͷ˵ţ֪
̼ˣ˻֣Щƣ˵ţȥɡ
õġ˵꣬ȥˡ
***
ʱص磬õǰĸ¥ãһȣǵĹ˾
ͷǰ˵ţǰˡ
õţҲûӳĸȥ
·ϣ˶ͷţܡȻ󶼰ԲźۼĴһ°õ
õͻȻңԼΪԻ˱·ʵһʼԭ׼㴩Ͼֲʲô󳡺ϡǰ
һ·㡣
Űõǵһһȥ
ͷӦţá
ЪһͱһλŮȥιˡ
ڼ䣬Ů黹˭Ļţӡ
ŮסˣȻϵЦˣ˵ţԭ񼡷˰
ɫһ䣬˵ҽ̰õ˵񼡡
Ůһ֪ˣæ˵ţ˼ˡ
õһȻȥɡЩˡ
ʼţõģˡ
֮󣬰õ˰칫ҡվش¥ȥôĸߡµ˾һС壬һֿġ
վ㿪˵õϲ𣿡
õعͷĵͷȻߵɳĹ˾𣿡
ͷţǴ⹫̳еġ
⹫ɻĿһۣô֪ʲô⹫ǽʱûɣ
Ĭһ£Щ˸е˵ţǵģ⹫ʱ岻áѾȥˡ
ͷĿ⹫ļҲΪʲô̳У
ڽţΪ⹫ֻĸһӡֱĸףˡ
ͷҶˡȥԷɡ
ؿ˵ţȥ˸ɡҵĹûɡ
룬ͷԡ
󣬰õʼĴ̽ļҲ֪˲ϲ񣬸еܸˡ
ǸӣﾹȻһ˿񡣵ûΪʲôʧˡ
ܿ죬һ͹ȥˡ
õɫҲһֱŲõЦݡǷĵЦݡ
ϳؼҵʱ˵绰绰һͨ㿪˵ţûƭɡ
õŴЦţûС
ܺãҲֱ˵ţ׼ʲôʱҵæ
õЦһ£ҼȻˡΪʲôҪİæԼͿ𣿡
ţӦһſ˵õ׼𣿡
룬Ҳ㣬ϾҿɲҪһ衣ˣ˰ɡ˵ֱ꣬ӹҶ˵绰ڵĳšԼҪԼǮ
һԿĻֵĿõո˵ʲô
Цһ»ţûʲôֻǸһСڿЦ
ţǲšȴ˵Ļ
űҶϵĵ绰ȻЩȴֺܿġϾõӦˡţǱֹסݹԹԣĺӾҪˡ
ʱݹԹѾҵٴ˳ҡźѾ֪ԼҪĳͶȥһɫ˵ǹİɡ
Цһ£С˶٣û˵ˣ㡣
˿ҲֻԱߣ
ʱúܿ죬תͺˡ
ݹԹԿ˿ʱ䣬վ˸ҪؼˡҰְӦûˡ˵꣬ʰһתˡ
Ҳû˵ʲô͵ſڣתˡ
ݹԹһͿѾϣЦǰְ֣ôô簡
Ͽôһô粻𣿡
ٵĻţȻǡ˵ţװİӵһԡ
ϼˣȥҳСˣ
̾һǰҳҵֻˡ
ЩЦĿոһЩҲɢˡ
ϣ̿ϣϣ㿴ţ˼Ҷˣǳȥ棬ٿһؼҾڼš
εĿ̣裬´ϢҲȥ
̼ӦˣĵͷȻ˵ʵΪ˸һЩù
ݹԹȻ³ˣû˵ʲôЦ
ϼЦˣΪЦԼѵˣ㿴εĺţš
Цһ£ٵĳ
ܿ죬ͳˣǵȥϢˡ˵꣬Ҵ¥ˡ
ڶ峿
ݹԹԴӴֻžԼջʮ죬ЦܿЦݱĵĿ˿棻Ϊһʱ䣬ֻʣʮ졣󳤳ĺһѰһʼϴ·¥
¥£Ѿѵүү̻аְ֣һһкȻһԣϵְ֣컹Ҫȥ˾𣿡
ϳЦһ£ȻŻţ첻ȥˣһȥ԰档
ţҲȥ
Ц˵á
Թ緹̾²ȥһÿ·ҲߴϺݹԹȥ·
ȻЩ⣬ȥһ
һĿڣȥ˹԰
һ԰Ůĸֵ˲ֳŮˡ
Ȼ󼸸Ϥ̵ˣǰ̽Сݣҵĺ𣿡
ЩĵͷָһݹԹԣŮǼȻָϣҶӡŮİְ֡
һЦŵСݣи
Ҳǫ飬ֱӻţȻˡȻСĴյߣֻҶѾмˡҾҸ顣
⻰һڳ˶׷ţҪʲôİҲøܡ
΢΢һ£ܿͻعˡ˵ˡ֮תƻġ
Ȼо֣Ҳû˵ʲô˳ȥˡ
ݹԹԼǿʼߵԱߣʼ
ЩʴӣһֱԼߴյСѣֲֻЦſǡ
ȴ˸Сһ
վһʵܲˣе绰æߵһԣ
ӹ󣬾Ͱߣ˵ţ裬ҹ˾¡Ҿˡ
̿˿ɫͷȥɡ˵ּ꣬Ե
ϳݹԹԵͷת뿪ˡ
뿪˵ʼ޼ɵ˵ţôãôˣ
Щᣬ룬˵ţԱˡ
ţЩܣʵʲôϰ
̰һۣԺҿɾͲˡ
ˣЦãǲˡ֮Ĳˣʼ˵ˡ
ݹԹԴһû棬յߣ̣Ȼȥдҵˡ
̵ͷȥɡ
ݹԹԳòĵͷˡ
ҺָеЩġ룬ֱվŰˡŵʱ򣬸ܼ˵һܼүүȥ˾ˣ粻ˡүү̻ʱ˵һ¡
ܼЦһ£õġ
֮ݹԹԱԼĹ˾ȥܿ죬͵ˡֱȥԼİ칫ҡӵżá
ű㿪ʼϵ߸塣ҲǱͶĸӣ
ʱüʱȴЦܿ죬ǰ߸屻ֳࡣһģһǲġȻ󣬱Щˣѡһ¡
ú󣬱ſһȥʼҹˡ˵ԼĹ˾ʵǺϤΪʱ١Ҳܡ
һ󣬾ûʲôùˣ˴һк뿪ˡ
վڹ˾棬󿴿ҿЩġҲȥ˾Ҳؼҡ֣ȥ̳ţŸ̳ȥ
̳˿׼ȥװΪ׼ְװҲƯ·үүϻ
ú󣬱ֱĿĵȥˡ
ܿ죬ͰѾҪĶˡǿ˿ʱ䣬ٸͳһЩĶ
ſڴʼҹʱ򣬾ͿӭİõҲ˼ӡ
׼ǻûжõҲˣѾںˣݹԹԡ

 93 

ݹԹԲòͣԭ, ŰõԼ߹
õߵǰ, 㿴˵ݹԹ, ôⰡԼ𣿡˵, ˿ΧǸҪˡ
ݹԹԼôʣɰͰ͵ĻţԼ, ҪߡǱ˼סˡ
õţ㿴˿ֱߵĴӣûϵҹɡ˵ţǿʼˡ
ݹԹԿΪʲôҪʵǲһȥ䣬ѵ˵ҲˡѾˡ˶٣ûӦˡ˵꣬Ҫߡ
Լĸȴüͷ΢壬ţʦ˵, ʾҪ֡
ǰõû˳⣬˵ҹһᡣ⻰ǰ, ǷԸ
õק֣߹仹ţݹԹԣְֺ˰ɡ
ݹԹֱӲɿҡҪؼˡԽô˵, õյԽ
˵Ҫʲô
õû˵ʲôֱӰק˸
˸ңõ˫۽Ķ
ݹԹԿӣͻȻòҪȴûô
ֻõ˵ݹԹԣҵĻ
ݹԹԿ⸱ӣͻȻ뵽Լе飬ԽĲ۾۾
õ⸱ӣһʵݹԹԣΪʲôң
ȴش𶼲أ׼ʱѳתˡĶҲ˲á
õû׷ȥеɻ󣬲ոΪʲôԼһ˵ӦǲܿġţݹԹµĶԼĶؼˡ׼ͻȥ
ݹԹߺ󣬲ŷԼĶˡǲȥáǾؼˡ
Һ󣬾Ϳϡǰסʼ
ϿЩͷֱּԼĻЩĵĿʵţôˣ
ݹԹǿ˿һԵүү̣ȻҡҡͷʾԼû¡
ϼˣ̵裬¥ˡһԷ˵꣬ǣݹԹ¥ˡ
鷿ϲſݹԹԣţԸְ߰ô
ţҸոȥ̳õˡȻҪҡҪʲô
ţɫȻæûʲô
ûУˡ˶٣˵ţֻĶˡ
һûУһû¡ţţ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
룬ţǴ֮ġ
ߣ
ǵġͷΪһֱҿûпܳˡ
һɣȻ˵ţ⼸ڼҴŰɡ
Ĭһ£ţðɡȥѧУܸȥѧУġ˶٣û˵˵˵ˣְҲΣյġһֱڸҴ顣
üͷһ£Ȼܿɿ˵ţڼţô
ݹԹԿɫģ̾һְ֣ѵҪһӲ𣿡
ɫѿȻ֪˵ǶԵġǻЩһЦſǿõʱ򣬾Ͳô
ͷͬԡ
֮˱¥ˡ

õŰݷˡǴ֪ݼĵģҲѾ̽ˡ
̿ŰõЩ죬ֲ֪˭㿪ʵλС㣬ǣ
õЦһ£Ȼ˵ţãݹԹǰʦ̳ĵĺܿģⲻĶˡ˵ţָָЩ
̴һЦ˵ֻҲǹԹԽȥѧˡûн̿𣿡
õ΢΢һȻæЦŻţûСѾڽѧˡ
ô˵ĵͷȻҲˡŻҸ˵һ¾СˣҲ鷳Ѷͻˡ
ɫһ£ȻЦŻţ鷳˵ţ㲻òվ˵ţǰ̣Ҿȸˡ
̵ͷټ
õת뿪ˡֻһתϵЦЩ䣬Щķꡣ
̿ıӰû˵ʲôĵͷ뿪үүſ˵ţϰ壬ô˼ҳԶ緹
̰һۣŻʱʲôû
үүһ£Ϊ𣿡
Ȼأ֮󣬱ô졣
үүҲûڿʡĬĬֽ
ܼǰڵˣЩҪģ
̿ţ϶˵һЩġҸطšŻˣ
ܼ׵ĵͷõġȻЩ뿪ˡ
һ绰ϴ˹ȥ
绰ܿͨЩȵ˵裬ôʱҴ绰𣿡
ֱӵոˡ
Щţ˭
˵ǰʦ
⻰һǱߵϾסˣȻһЩ˵ţûʲôɣ
ţصûУֻĶ
ȴţأûɣ
̻ţûСȻеֵţôˣ
ϻţû¡ֻ裬ԺҪҪȥ
ĻǳĬһ£Ȼ˵ţϣǲʲô£
Ͼһ£ȻţͶˡģչڸ
ͬ˵ţá
ţ绰Ҷˡ
Ÿո˵飬ɫѿһԵ½ʿˣʵϰ壬ôˣ
ϿһۣȻ˵ţȥҲ١Ҫ
½ʿ΢΢ͷõġ
һߣõݼҳǲáڳϣҪôӽϡ
ţͻȻ뵽ôĹ˾ӦøʲôҵϵĻɡţ˾͹˾ȥ
˾𾴵˵ţõģˡ
õˣЩҰС㡣
˾һ£ȻæĿڵС㡣
ŵͷ߰ɡ
˹˾ֱȥ󣬱㿴ʵҵûϸϵϵ
۾ţûС
õһ£ɻ˵ûУ
ǵġûС
õûУЩ⣬Ϊʲôûа
һۣŻţΪҲϲ
Ĵ𰸣ͻȻЩЦЦЦһ󣬲ͣϽһԸһġ
С
õܾ۾˵С
һ룬ͷ֪ˡ
õĵͷȻֲһ䣺ˣҪˡϵǸˡ
ٴδӦá
õӦˣˡϵҡȥ緹
Ҹһ𡣡˵ţվ
õҲûоܾһȥˡ
ʱڰˡй
߹ź꣬ϰ壬Ҫȥ𣿡
ǰôˣ
ڵǰ죬õῴġ
üͷ΢΢һ£û¡˵꣬ʧˡ
ʧˣҲȥˡ
ܿ죬Ǿҵ˰õ
õڳԷ
͹ɵϷ꿴һۣͿ϶˵񼡡
ڵѾ˵ˡ
꿴˿׼ȥǰϸһģǻûжٴ˵ţϰ壬ῴġ
꿴ˣΪʲôԿң
ҡҡͷҲǺ˽⡣ȷʵԿ
ûлɹĻϾҲòƭԼ
һǻûпֻܽӽϸſɡ
ţ㿴ŹȥӦÿ˵ţȥ档ǲɵǣȥʱ򣬰õ׼վȥ䡣Ѿ
õһ䣺ʲô˵ţһһ룬ͱקˡ
õôˣ
õؿڣȻϸʲôûУЩƵĻţûʲôȴҲȥˡ˻ȥֻʱʱոպֵķ򿴡
ҲЩŵĺ꣬㿪ڵϰ壬ɡ
ͷҲֻ˵꣬ʧˡ
ߺ󣬹һЦ
֮ؿһ۰õֿ˿С뿪ˡ
õҲܿͳԺˣ˱뿪ˡһȥ˹˾һȥ̳
磬°ˡ
ûлؼңȥѧУſڣݹԹԡ
УſڣŻûĴţ̲סӳĳطóһǣʹĽ
һѧˡŰѿѾûζĿ³Ұã³ӽ˸Ͱ
ȻʹЦ⣬ſڣݹԹԳ
һݹԹԺͳһͬ˳ϿţҲںţţ
ݹԹһ۾һȻų˵˾䣺ټˡ
Ͽţ㡣ţ˱˳
ݹԹԿϣְ֣ôˣ
ϿȻܲ˵ţõˡ
ʲô
Ͽ˵ţ˵ǰµĶͻ
ˣ㡰Ŷһûʲô˵ˡ
ϿЩ䣬ţְ־ˣʱ䣬ְѧòã
ְֲæ𣿡
Ͽ˵˵ţæһ½ʿõĵġ
ЦţǺðɡ
ҺݹԹԿ̡̣͹Ķģ
̻ţܼҷŵġ
һ㿴ܼңܼүүѶˣ
ܼһţߣСС㡣˵ţѶ˹
ݹԹԿЩЩ𣿡
ǵġСС㡣
Ͽôˣ
ָָڻţЩֻĸҵġĶǡ
ˣɫһ˵ţĶóˡʣµİְ˸ͻȥ
õġ˵ţͰԼĶ˳
ϿʣµģЩȷŵطҴߡ
õģү
̾ţҲʡ
ܿ죬󣬱ԻطȥϢˡ
鷿еЩǡֲ֪ʲôֻܾԼƽ顣˯˹ȥ
˯Уˡġ
ϿԴζ˵ţǸõ᲻ٴ˺Ű
Ϊʲôôʣ
ϰǰ˵һ¡
󣬱㲻˵ˣǵݹȥһװõĶյʱ
Ͻӹͷ׼ʱѾʧˡ
ʱͷԱŸոռһ
ڹΪʲôô죬ȻΪˡ
͹ȥ˰õķ䡣Ǽõ˯ˣŽӽʼ
꿴һЩɻ˵ȥˣ˵ţϸϸĿҵˡ
ԭֻȴˡ
꿴ţ׼˰죬ǲС
ڵϰ壬񼡵һĨꡣ
һʲô˼
ţΪ徹ȻҲƻˡ
ƻˣ
ᶨ˵ţǵġ
겻ŵ˵ţܡ
ֱӸ֤˵ţȥڷǸˡӦˡ
꿴˿ȻڣһûС
˵ţܡҲȥ
֮߻εĿźǲȥˣ
һ£Ȼļ䣿
Ҵȥ˵ţǰš
ȥ
ûз֣ϵİõѾˡû۾ǽ˫ۣЩǾǲҶ
ߺĵ۾ǲûж֪ո˭ΪʲôͻȻԼķ䡣
һ͹ֻˣЩӵĿһ۴ϵİõ
һۣ㿴һЩ֮
Ҳ÷ˡ
໥һֱۣóһ˹ȥ
ٴοţȻһԵĹҪô죿
ǳĬһ£ȻţȻӦþͿԳˡ
һǸ취ʱ˵ֹĶԶ˵ֵһᡣֱӵͷɡ˵뿪ˡ
ǿ˿Ȼóһ뿪뿪ֱȥݼңʵϽеһεļ档
ϿͻȻԼǰĹ΢΢һ£Ȼֿ˿ΧԼңɵĿں
ͷҡȻû˵õѾˡѾòˡ
ţסˡһŵллǻɣллΪŹǲ˵ѵġɵĻǾһɡ
ûɣЩȣò˵ǿĵġȻû˵ʲôֻǶһ䣺ǵãյʱ򣬰׼У㲻͵
ţЩΣ֪Լжɣ˵֪Ҳ𿪿ġ
ǿһۣȻ뿪
ҡҡͷЦһֱѹĿڵĴʯͷŵ˱չˡȻԶգá

 94 

峿, ͻȻо, ۾ʱ, ΧĻ, ַŶͷһͻȻЦˡȻ󻻺·´ֱȥ˰õڵķ䡣
ʱ, õ˯šȫȻ֪μˡ
ޱķȥ
ſڣţĺţõš
õȴûᣬֱӰѱͷһɣ˯ǾţҲа취
ֻŹܼңԿ˹ֱԿ״š
ȥ󣬼ڴ˯ţǰ, ֱӰıƿĺţõ
õ͵ؾѣĿ, ʲô
Ц˵õʲôѵ𣿡
΢΢һȻ˹, ̽˵Ҷʲô
װɵҲ׼װȥֱӰ˵˳
ɫһΪʲôţ۾˵ţЩԺҵĻ˵꣬סˣһ
ǻûȫֱЦ˳õ˰
γ״סˣֿһ˿ûӰ죬ŵĿʵΪʲôûã
ʼ磬ЦŻţѾˡ˵ʧˡ
ܣһš
˵ţôΪΪʲôͻȻأ
ʻʲôҲûĵĿһţȴûκá
Ȼ󿪿ڴţܼңܼ
һᣬܼұҴ˽ǳ΢΢ͷȻ㿴Űõˣ𣿡
õŹܼңԸ㿴ҵ۾
ܼ΢΢һȻûκαʾſõ۾
õ˵Ժˣǡظ˼顣ܼȻûʧȥʶǿ˵ţˡ̫ܲʵҵĹʣǷ㡣
õֱһѰƿԷ˵ǲʲô
ûǰ˰֣йܼҳȥ֮󣬲ſЦʲô
ô˵˵Ҫ㣬ҵôʧ
˵ô˵ǹⱻסģ
ĻȻ֪ӦøûϵﻹǺֻпֻšǿ˵˭
ǿʶҲƽϣֻ˵ã˵ŪþŪáԻ°ɡ
һȻװɵǿǷޣʲôԻԻġ˵ţЦЦ׼һҳ
Ƿȴǲܵģֻ֣õͦõİ⼸Ȼ˵ûʲôҲָҡҪ׷Ź㡣ܡ
õ⸱ӣҲˣֱӿڵ˵ʲôǸ˵ţһ䣺Բ𡣡Ȼӡ
ֲɵúݺսˡҲʾʹı顣˵˳ۡ
ɿ֣˿˵ȻڼҴŰɡ˵꣬˳ȥ
ĻЩ⣬ʵʲô˼
ȴû˳ȥ
õҲûиȥһҳֻҲʲôʱֱӸ˹ȥ
绰һ˽ͨӵ绰ͷõʲô
õȴûǿٵţҵʧˡô£
Ļ˲סˣȻ˵ţʲôʧˣ
ԣҵ֪ôģʧˡ
ţţܰΪǵãʧֱ
õȴûֹЩץ˵ţҵϵͳΪʲôûˣ
ԼҲЩģصô֪˭֪ǲʲô˵꣬ûĻش𣬾͹Ҷ˵绰
õűҶϵĵ绰ݺݵֱӰֻǽϡ⻹ûлеŭ⡭
¥£ŹܼңֱӷԸһȥѰõݸϡҪһ͸׼þС
ܼûеһʱӦ£ǿɵ˵ðɡҪǷ˱ô찡
һֻۣҪҪĻֱȻҼ׵ıڡģһ㶨ġ
ܼŲɵӦõġ
Ӧˣתȥˡ
ܼ¥ҲֱӾͰǸڵϵֻȻʲôҲû˵İŴ淴
õţŹϵʱŷӦ˹ߵűϣźܼңʲôϽҿšǰȥûиʱ֪Ǿ仰ʲô˼Ѿˡ
ݼ
õĴ¥ݹԹԿţе棬ʵְ֣ôô˰
ϿЦһ£ȻҸ˵
ͷڲϣһ˷
ͺݹԹԱ㻻·׼ȥѧУ
ȴ˵ţȥ˵ţ㿪ݹԹѧˡ
ϣݹԹԿϣְ֣ôôİ
ûȸǷţȲһ£ְΪʲôôˣ
˿ͷһ£ʵ벻ʲôðְô˵ģҡҡͷҲ֪
ϼ²ЦȻҲˣֱӿ˵ţΪԺõڶˡ
۾һ𣿡
ϵͷġ
һģ㿪ĵЦȻ뱧סְ֣ǿڿûбɵЦһȻЩƵĿְ֣ô֪İ
΢΢һ£Ȼ뻹˵ǹġ
һ£Ȼڴ˵ְ֣˵Ĺ֪Ǹ𣿡
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ţ㿪ĵЦȻæߴߴ˵ţְ֣ôĹҹ˵Ҫ뿪ôֻͻȻְǲ˰
ϺЦĿһۣţְںܼŶ
һۣЦŵŲᣬְˡ
ϼô𣬱ҲˣֱӰԼ֪ĸ֪ıҲΪˡ
ѧУſڡϿˣϽȥѧɡ
ͷǰһڣְˡţ³ˡ
ϿѧУſ뿪
ݹԹɻĲ߽ѧУ˽ңϴѹֲסЦλϡ
ֵĿһۣȻҲЦ˵Թôˣôô˰
õЦǸˡ
￴ţϵʧˣŸеġ
Ҳͬ뷨ûʲôˡ
Ƚ£ͲôˡֻݹԹǽȻ෴˽źۼĺݺݵصһݹԹԡʱݹԹЦܲһûᡣ
౿ݹԹԣС˵ԹԣյʱҪʲôҺø׼
ݹԹ⣬΢΢죬Ȥ˵ôôҡһ˼á
ţһƣԹԣÿҶ׼ôˣ
æЦ˵ȻǡⲻǽûʲôҪġ͸׼һɡ˵ţͷ
౼ˣɵĿһۣǰҲûʲôҪģÿζˡôûаǲ£
˵ĵͷСĻţһҪˣĳֻ͵õ˵ţҸЦЦ
౿ı飬ľһ£ţԹԣô֪㻹вߵҪ˰˵ţЩƲסıˡ
û⡣ﵹˡֻ̧ͷǰ棬֧Ŷ
˼ЦЦ㵱Ȼ֪Ҷû˵
౸Ǿˣôã㶼ң
ݹԹԼҪ뷨æ˵ţҲ֪
౿һֱۣʵְ֪𣿡
ڨڨЦһ£
౼Щӣ֪֪ġ㡰ߡһЩˡ
ţæʼţҲǹⲻġԭΪء
ǿ˿Ȼֿ˿ſ˵ţ˵еĻŮİ
ҪŲеҲŮģǻûڣ²˵ֻ˵еġ
еģʶˣ
һ£Цп˵ţܾˡʶǻ硣
ЩȵĿô𣿡
ЦŻţǰ
ţ߿ЩֻȻתųſŵ˵ţԹԾȻһʶǻõء
ɫƽĿ֪ˡȻͷд˶
ԭ౿̬ȣе֣ǿսʵ֣ЦţſݹԹԣʼ̽˵Ǹˡ
ǰҲûдĿʳҿΪѵӣ˵ˣҲˡ
һȻ౵գ͸ҴһС
ţǲСҶԼ׼ˡҽ˾˳ҹøôٸһҪ㣬¸һء
һ£ĿΪʲôҪ¸Ұ
ֵ˵ͷͷǲɵҹùü޵ǼˡҵȻҪˡǶҹùҲð
ţĬһ¿˵ùûм޵Ҽң޵үҰ
Ļѵסˡ
ԭЩĳ˵ģҲ΢΢Цһ¡
ЩЩЦĿˣ˵ˡϿˡĻ䣬ʦ˽
ݹԹԿһۣȻȴ֪ĵ
ܿ죬㵽硣
ݹԹʳã˺
ţţ˵Ǹ˭
ͷҲû̧Ļţ˵
ţɫ˲佩һ£
౿Щ̵ֻĳ
һǱˡȻص˽ҡ
ݹԹԿౣ˵ȥҼ¡
룬ˡ
Ϊʲô
౿͵Ϊҹùý󣬼ЩûʲôˡΪСӦҪó˰
˽ĵͷȻתһ£ﰢΪʲôһûߵܵأ˲ˡ
һЦ˳ȻգΪģһ鷳ǾѾԹ˲ϾˣһǲҪˡ
ŵĿҲûô°ɡ
̾Ұְָһ裬һСءҾͦõġ
౿͵ǾԲҪˡ赱ҵʱ塣˶٣û˵ţ˵ְٻ飿
ĵͷţǰ
౿ţʲô뷨
룬Ҿúܺð
౼ı飬˵Цһ£Ҳû˵ʲôˡ
ʱصϡϿ˾½ʿʱͻȻԼԸ飬˵ţ½ʿԸǼ±ˡ
½ʿǴһ£ȻͿΪѵ˵ϰ壬ѾӴˡһǶԷҹġ
Ͽҽ
½ʿٵ˵˳
ţ̲סӡһڵǾͼɡ
õġ˵꣬½ʿͳȥˡ
һߣڵλãǰˣ˵˵һ顣
ֲΡΡ˵˳вԾĴŵί
ȴ˲ί˵˭ôģ꣬飬̲ס˷ͷ
ĻҲ
Щͷ۵Ļ˻֣ȳȥɡ
æӦţõġ˵꣬æ˳ȥ
룬ɡҲԼȥú󣬾Ͳˣʼ񼡡Űõ顣
ǰҲûʲôͷֻȷҪһµġţ麰˽ԸЩ顣
Ȼ⣬ӦˡȻȥ׼ˡ
***
磬ѧˡ
ݹԹæȥУſڣͿͣĳЦһ£ų౻ӻֵټ󣬾æϳˡ
ϳ󣬱㿴ϣְ֣϶ûнٸҽ
ϿţְļˡȻ˵ţǴͷβ
ݹԹһʼ˵ţЩˣ˵ţְ֣ͻˣΪʲôҰ
ϿһۣţְҲ֪
֡ߡһţҪǼˣ԰ëǹ⡣һĹ뵽ǣЦ
ϼһһЦЩ⣬ҲЦݡ
ҺݹԹקϣְ֣ܲܰȸأ뿴ʲô
ϿЦһ£Ȼᶨҡͷԡ
ˣֻʧһ£ûҪϾǹģҲʧԼú󣬱㲻ˡ
ϼôԣͷ
̼ˣ㿪ţʲôп
ϻûػݹԹԱˣҵҪյ𿪡
ţ˽ĵͷ

 95 

ʱúܿ, ת۾͵ݹԹǰˡ
ݹԹԿ, ϲɵ¶˵Цݡ
¥, ¥µ, ˵ĴţϺãĶ¥µ̺үүһҲ΢΢һ
̻һ󣬺ЦĿ, ôôİ
ЦŻţǿġ˵ţԱߣקĸ첲ҡ
ϿҲЦΪҲܸˡ˵˻Ҫˡ
̺үүǶܿģ໥һۣҲǲ֪Ϊʲô
һϲ̿ݹԹԣʵ, ٹˣ׼ͬѧ𣿡
ͷ룬ŻţҪ, ҾС
ţ¶һЩͬɫҿ˵ţҪҪһЩͬѧ, ˵೤೤֮ģ˵ȽϺõŮӡ
ݹԹԿЦŻţ೤𣬸೤ȽϺõŮ˵꣬ԼֺǺǵЦ˳
ţҲЩЦõ˵Ǿɡ
ţ룬ðɣ뼸Ůͬѧ
̿Ҳ˵ˡ
ܿ죬ͳ꣬ݹԹԱȥѧˡ˵꣬ͳȥˡ
ȻϿ
ϣϿ˵ţǵѰ
˵ţ֪ˡ
Ͽճһֻ֣һĶͷѧУſڣӳϵټ󣬾ܽȥˡ
˽ңݹԹԻصλϣ౺ͳк󣬱㿴Χͬѧ
౼ţ㿪ڵԹԣʲôأ
ݹԹԿţҵˡ̾ùã̽뼸ҶǺ죬Ҳ֪˭˵ţ¶Ϊѵɫ
౿ЦһµҰǰҶʶ
ЩɵĿ˿𣿡
ҿɲ㡣ԵǺܺõġ
󣬱ǾͰˡ
ϡ˶٣Ҫμᣬ׼뼸˰Һȥ롣
գ۾ţԡ˵ֻҪͺá
౼ô˵룬á˵꣬վȥˡ
ݹԹԿȥˣŤͷų磬ҪҪҲ뼸ͬѧ
üͷ壬౲ҾͲ˰ɡ
ĶŮͬѧȻʱһͬѧڣΰ
ţûͬ⣬ͬʯѾչ˵ݹԹͬѧȥ𣿡
ðܻӭø顣
ʯһ㿪Ц˵ţѽҼܺõˡ
ţɵõһۣȻŤͷ˵ӣ鵫Ҳ䵭˵ţҪᣬȥȥ
໥˿һ˿˵ţǿ𣿡
ﻹûػݹԹԾͻţԣȻԡ
˶ô˵ˣЦŵúáҲȥ
ݹԹЦŵͷȻ󿪿ţԼҰְȥǰ
ǺĻţͬѧȥҪȻҳΪ͵͵ȥء
ЦŻţԡȻ˵ţǾȥǡǰǵĵַҡҰְֺȥӡ
á˵ţˢˢдԼҵסַ
ݹԹԿų磬㻹Ҫ𣿡
￴ҡҡͷţûˡЩ͹ˡ
ͷʾ֪ˡ
ʱ˸okơ
ݹԹԳĵЦһ£Ȼæ˵ţҪҪӰ
һ£ţԼȥʡţָָǼһС
룬˹ȥûߵǱϣ촩ʲôŲõ΢ЦǺðҪӣ
һ£ȻҲЦ⿴˵鷳Ҫǲ鷳ĻǺԸġ
ݹԹԼô˵һȻЦŻţһ㶼鷳ǵȷѧʱǰѼͥסַң𣿡
໥˿ȻЦŵԡ
ݹԹԼú󣬱תλˡ
౿ЦŴȤҲûôǲǣ
ݹԹԿһۣЦһֱҲ°˵ţЦ
౿˿Ц⡣
Щﲻ̹ҲΪġ
ΪһֱֻԼˡҲ˵ʶˣú£Բһֱûʶںˣ̤һţǱ΢΢
ǸеġЩҲеܿġ
ŮǾһ˵ţͬѧȥμջᣬӦúܺɡ
֪ͬѧ׼˽ǣӦúǮ
Ȼˡ
˺ˣ̸ˡ˵˵׼ʲôɡ
֮ǵĻԽԽԶˡ
ʱصǰңõŽţʹûаӦ̲סе̿֡
Ȼ׼ֻҳ绰ʱȴ绰ܼȥΪˡţ򿪵ԣ׼ϵˣһûƲסƢİѵȥ
ţֲĵȥʹţﻹڴ˵ţǷǷǷ
ǣ˰죬ûҲ۵
磬ܼҲŴţ˽˷ˡ
۾һҪȥͿſվŵĺˡ
ǣûܳȥͱ¡
ŭŹܼңʲô
ܼҿĿһۣȻ˵ˣүķԸൣɡ˵꣬ûӦˣҸȥ˵꣬ͳȥˡ
õſڵˣֿ˿Լǰķˣʹһӣôθڡ
磬ˡ
õŽܲ˵ֱǰݺݵشһƣ໰㵽Ҫʲô
õ˵ҴǸСĸ׵Ŀʲô𣿡
ͫһ£ŵĿĸ˵ʲôˣ˵ţĶŹκεı顣
űץ˵ĵطЦؿĸ˵ʲôأ
ͷĿҴգϽҡ
³һ䣺ðƻ˵꣬תȥˡ
ӽһ£˲׹ȻԺﲻϵĳּ֣֪ˣ֪ˡ
ܼ߳ҿүҪһЩҩ𣿡
á˵ţȥ鷿
鷿ϡŽ죬ԭȥ˽һЩ顣û뵽ľϲ
ĸˣĵҪǮûи˵ţаõĸףҪǮõġ
Ҫϳȥ˵һ䣺ҿ֪ܵġ
һ䣬ͻȻˣǺĿʵŮʲôܣ
ĸһۣȻ˵ţѰõҹС
Ҳûж˷ѿˮֱó֧Ʊдһ¡Ȼ˻ӵ˵ˡЩǮͶġ
ĸд֣۾̰õԼüͷ֧ƱЩɡ
ţֱںһ㣬˰ɡ
ĸͷˡ˵ţȲ˹ȥ
ҲûţϾҪǲ˵ͱⶰá
ĸϵ֧Ʊǲĵһ䣺ǿԶһİɣ
ͷƭ㡣
ĸˣ㿪ĵЦһ£ȻͰ뵱õЭ˵˳
ţǾȡ
ĸ˵󣬱㿴Сĵ˵ҿ˰ɡ
˻֡
ĸſڴ뿪ˡ
ȴû˵顣ʵҲֻһ仰ӷӦǾһ仰ˡ
ĸ򵥵һ仰õŮҵŮѾˡĲǡ򵥵һ仰ȴǺЦ
һֱĲҲ⿪ˡ˵ʱԼ˵ĵڶ˸㻳ɵĿﻹЩĳʱΪʲôһ˵֪Լеڶ˸֮󣬲ӦȥҽԺ𣿵ȴûСǾ˵֪ôġ
ţԼǰǸɵӣŭЦЦ
Ǹ򣬾ΪõԲ޿ֵЩԣΪǰõһˡ
ţԼȥ£û˿θˡ
ţ鷿һӦѾƽˡٴȥķ䡣õ֪Ϊʲôʧ𣿡
õƹˤĳţ㲻˵ҵĵڶ˸û׼ĸˡ
ô˵ЩҲûбֳǿвȻ㲻֪Ǿڼ֪ģһһֱóԺúȵĹ㡣˵꣬ͷҲصˡ
ڰõȫû
ʱصڣŰõ˵Ҫ˵ˣ
õĵͷҲǺ
ûϵ
õ̧ͷһֵۣͷߺ޵˵ţҼǵûмһ棬ϴ˯Ȼʱ򣬾ڹ⡣
ţ֮ûзʲô飿
ûСҺԼǵãԼһֱ˯ò˯ȥҪѡ
ţֻ˼㿪ʼʱ֪ѺһЩʲô
ǵġ
֪ѣ˵ġЩҪǿͼ˯
͵̧ͷôһʮСʱ˯
ƽ˵ţԵġ֮󣬱뿪ˡ
ֻõķһࡣſ˻˯İҩ
õһʼ֪Ǻ׹ԣǻᱻǿȥ
춼ڴšԭ۵ӣ÷ƣԶûǰÿ
Ժˡ
磬ݹԹԷѧˡͬѧǸԼסַĵȥѧУſڡſڣܿҵϵĳȥ
ЩĶ˵ְ֣ͬѧˡЩǵסַʱְȥǰɡ
ϿĵӣȫǼˣЦҡҡͷȻչȥŪã˵ţðְʱȥǡ
ɿĵ˵ţš
һֱܺãҺҲȲܵߣҫ˵̣ͬѧˡ
ţЦ˵áʱ̸ڿա
áΪʲôҪڿաûϵġ˵ţĻ˻֡
̿ͷ⣬ǶҪнˡ
ûϵġҲŲҪ̳ȥء˵ţ䲻Ǻܺˡ
̿ˣæ˵ţããڼ㡣
ٴο
Ҳůůġ
תۣ͵ݹԹյĵ졣
ݹԹϵ˵£ƯĹȹ
ͬʱ˺üȥݹԹԵͬѧ
ͬѧ󣬷ӦҲһǼҳķӦȴͬġ򵥼֡ϵá
ǴһװⲢһδװȴŵһΡȥ˾ʱ򣬶ûôš
¥󣬾Ϳڿĳ̣ǰЩŵĿ̣һô
̿Ц˳ܺá
һȻ̣ʲôʱȥ
̿ЩȲӣ̲סҡҡͷЦŵ˼ڻпûгء
Щ˼ͷţ˵Ҳǡ˵꣬վšһװӸˡ
ǴЦ⣬Ҳ˵ơ
ң౿̣̣ˡ
̿ȥɡǵöò
֪ˡ˵꣬㱧ϵ˼ſڣݼҵĳ
ݹԹԻùȹ󣬿ϵְ֡ǲǸðѹ˰
ϱװЩĵĿŲְˡֻϲˡ
ţæο˵ŲǡֻûԲġһ˵꣬ͿְЦ⣬׹ְڴȤԼЩߵĶ˶ţְ֣ŲҲˡ
˺ˡĵ˵ţȻ߽鷿Լ͹һ˳˹ȥ˵ţţףտ֡
ݹԹҲ¶õ΢Цллְ֡˵꣬ǰס
Ȼ˵ְ֣İɡ
Цŵͷ
̧ͷ˵ţǵȻҿǰְֵŮ
ЦͷȻ˵ţҪҪ𿪿ʲô
ͷ룬ЦĿŰְְֵ֣Ҳܺ𣿡
ϳϵ˵ǰְҲܺ档
ݹԹԼˣû˵ʲôĴ򿪺ӣһֻģ͡Ӻ
Ͽţ̲ס˵ţ
ݹԹûзֻǿһۡһ룬ϵҲݹԹԵˡ

ϺݹԹ໥˿һ뿴Ǹģ͡
ݹԹԿ˵ţ𣿡
ҡ
ݹԹһЦ˵㲻ģô˵
һƽǲԵġǽԣϾաרˡ
ݹԹһ£ЩûӦţʲô˼
ȴתͷŵ¡Цһ£ݹԹԵļ򣬵ţ㿴档
ݹԹ˳ſȥ㿴վŵĹһ£ȻǰҾ֪ġ˵ţЩʡ


 96 

ҲûҪȥ, Ļ˲, ֮ſ˵ţ, ˡ
ݹԹʶķţҲûޡ
, ЦϿһĻҲЦ
ʱȥӵͬѧˡݹԹԱ㱧Ź¥ˡҲһԸš
ݹԹԿ, Ц˵ӭ
ǵͷ˵ţ׷װѸԵŵϡ
ݹԹԿţЦ˵ллǡ
֮һǴк
ʱҲѾų˽
ͬѧǿţЩȣôû뵽ݹԹգôҳġ
ͼݹԹԼǰĺţ̡
̿Цŵտ֡
Ц˵лл̡ȻһɳϣȻ˵ţ, ЩҵͬѧҲͬѧ
̿ţǵͷ˵Ǻá
ͬѧҲ¶ɵ˵ţ̺á
ֳЦЦ, Ȼ
ݹԹǴͬѧȥ˲Ѿ׼ʳ
ͬѧǿţ㿴ݹԹԣʵԳ𣿡
ͷţȻԡ˶٣, Ǳ߻ӰϷҪȥ𣿡
ͬѧһ㶣ݹԹԣһЩ
ͷ˵ţǵģҰְǰ׼ġ
ͬѧһĽ˵ţݹԹԣְֶá
ٺٵЦһ£ȻҪȥİ
ͬѧ룬ȥϷȥϷ
󣬱ȥˡ
Ϸǿǰӣװ˸ָϷһϷĽˡ
ץ޻ҲУҪ޻װĲͨޣݹԹԹ˾ֶޣһЩذģһЩߡ
ͬѧţ̲סţݹԹԣץĶԴ𣿡˵ţ۾һǸذıνգҪ
ݹԹԵͷ԰˵ꡣһԵĹӣЩǿá
ͬѧǿţ׷ԼǵĻȥ
ݹԹԿǣǿġ
ԱߣԹԣҲҪ档
ð˵ţѱҵ˹ȥ
౿˿С˵ҪҼУԼв
ݹԹԿЦõĿ˭֪ôء
౵˵ԴҲܣҪҼг
ݹԹԿӦá˵ţҲűңҪĸ
౺ԥָһ£ҪǸè
˹ȥǼ꣬ȥ
á˵ţ˱㿪ʼġ
һһ۾ͿǸȹţߵԱߣĵš
ݹԹһͷ㿴˵ţҲ氡
ܾ˵ţˡ
ܾˣû˵Ǽֹһͬѧÿ˶ޣıڻ
ݹԹԿǣ˵౵ļЦŵ㿴ǡ˵ţЦ
౲ĺһ
ݹԹקȥҪ̨ǰѱһɾͼеһ
౼ˣŵ˵ٸҼһ
ǿһۣȻЦҡҡͷɵļгһ
౿ţʱ̾һͬѧˣౣôˣ
౸пһ䣺ð
ݹԹЦһԽţԴѾüˣһҲûмг
ͬѧ໥˿ŵ˵ɡ
ݹԹǴЦĵͷġ
ͬѧǻǲţ˵ЩౣԣǾúܺüаϷüкܶࡣ
ͬѧţǵģǵġ
౿һۣȻݹԹ֡׵İѱҷŵϡ
౱޻ǰŽңȻСĵĿšⶼǵˡ
ͬѧǿţЩŵ˵ţûϵеСȥǸġ˵ţ޻ǰ
̾һҲ˳ǵȥˡҲҪеһؼκ󣬻һûме
ͬѧ໥˿ȻһȫЦ˳ౣҲ̫˰ɡ
౵һۣȻǱС츳бУҲвһ
ͬѧĻֹЦһȤ˵ţǿɲҪ츳
౵һۣȻǲ𣿡
ͬѧЦŵͷ档˵ţȥˡ
౼ȥˣ˲ŵݹԹԵϣŸ״˵ţţǳЦҡ
ݹԹ֣ͷˣԣǲ˵ţҲЦ⡣
౼ҲЦû˵ʲôֻǰȫŵϣЦԼ
ݹԹԺܿͳܲסˣĵ˵ҲЦˡˣҸһ¹
վֱ˭౲վֱһԵĳҲվֱġ
Ҳźɫ
ݹԹԿĵЦһ£ǡ˵꣬ͬѧȳȥһһٻ档
ˬ˵ţõġ
ţݹԹԱ¥£Ȼ̻Ĺӹһ˵ǹ
ЩȵĿŹҵСðɡ
ҡҡͷţǣǹǽС
̲סְֵ
ٺ١ݹԹεûиϸ͡ȻͷŹ˵ౣǳҵĺѡ
ţͿǣûǵǰ˵Ǿһ¡֮Ŀص㿴һ³
￴Ŀ⣬ĸеǾ档ΪĿ˻
￴ţ㿪ڵţôûм
ڻţΪʶʱ򣬻ʶء
һ£Ȼȵ˵Թԣ˵⹷Ѿʮ𣿡
ǰ
౲ŵ˵ţܰɡ⿴ôҲ񰡡
ݹԹʼ磬ʵˡ
౻ǲţҲ׼ˡС˵ţţ㲻˵һǳӭ𣿡
ͷĵ˵ţ˰
һ㶣ôûп
ҲĻش
ݹԹЦָָĹĻţ
౺ͳô˵ڿЦǿı顣౱̲סڵԹԣ˵ľ
ǰĵͷȻŹǴһк£һ
εĿһۣ˳˵ģ
еȵ˵ţţ˵
ǰ˶٣ǿ˵
౻ɵĿ˿ȻŹ𣿡
ţԿɫǿݹԹԵϣ
౶ʱʹסˣȻ󲻸ŵĴ˴೤ǲĿ
һ˿⣬Ӧİɡ꣬ؿһ۹žû˵ʲôˡ
ע⵽ߣҲû
ǼŹҪԡǹȴˡ
ݹԹԱ˵ţˣȥɡ
౵ͷûߣϱ㺰ţţȥͬѧԷ
ݹԹԿһʱ䣬Ѿ֪е˸ó緹ʱ򣬱á˵ֶ꣬Աߵ˵Űɡȥǡ˵꣬ͱŹ¥ˡ
౿ԼߵĳЩȥ˳׼ʲô԰æĵط
ȥ˳̵ߣȥλ˵졣
λ˿ţ໥һۡղı顣
һݹԹԱͬѧǺ
ʦҲѾˣΪͬѧʮҲ֪ǵĿζȥͱȽϺá緹׼ͣвͶУԼʲôʲô
ͬѧȥ˲ϵĳԵģ̲סȵĿ˿ݹԹԣݹԹԣҲ̫˰ɡ
ݹԹԿǣЦŻصεһôΪԶ׼ҲӦõġ
ͬѧ໥˿Щȵ˵ţݹԹԣһοᰡ
ӦǰɡɵĻţǰҲڡ
ͬѧȻĿ˿౺ͳֻĿעų
ݹԹԼˣϽ԰ɡ
ͬѧǵͷѡԼԵĳ
СʱȫԱˡҺ⡣
ݹԹԿӣ˵ҪҪȥӰϢһ¡
Ȼͬ˵ð˵꣬Ǳȥ¥ϵӰҡ
ݹԹԿǣʵҪʲô
ͬѧ໥˿Ȼ󿪿ţʲô
ݹԹԱָָǽЩǣԼɡţЩ˼˵ţֻϾࡣ
ѾûˣǾȥǽǰıǩ
ǿȻʼִʲôһλŮСèǸһҾȻûп
ͬѧ˲䱻תעܰɡ㲻Ӧö𣿡һ˽˵
Ҳֵĵͷǰȷûп
ôһ˵Ҳ˹Ȼ׷˵ţҺҲû
󣬱һ뿴ݹԹԣʵݹԹͬѧΪʲô
ݹԹһ£û뵽ǵķӦô󣬱ЦŻţΪİ
ͬѧǾһ£Ȼ˵ţݹԹͬѧ˵СèһЩ㶯Ĺ˾ģ˵꣬ͽı飬Źһ˿һ
Ҳûоʲô˵ģͷǰ
ͬѧٴˣžȥߣĵ˵ţݹԹͬѧɲԸһСèż
ԹͬѧɲԸһĽżţÿͬѧ׷˵Ҫġڴ
ݹԹԿǣЩЦõڼҲûУһҸǴȥѧУô
һͷá
ݹԹԼڲԼˣһ˵Ҫĸ
˲䣬Ƿ׷ָǸûпġ
ݹԹԼˣҲû˵ʲôǷ
ǰȵϣǰĴĻκλ档
ݹԹԿǣЦһ£Ȼ౵ļ򣬴յС˵ţȥһˡ
౵ͷ
ţݹԹֶųͬ飬౽ȻͬķӦ˵ţҸһ𡣡˵ꡣ˱뿪ˡ
ֻౣ˶ûע⡣ԭҲϣֿ˿ǰĴĻЩ᲻ãûиϡ
˳ݹԹԲŻָôҲˣ
￴ֿ˿Ĺֱ˵˵ţ˵ǸҪˣǹ𣿡
һ£ûеһʱش
ǿ˿Ȼ󿪿˵ţĻ˵Ӧþҡ
ʱͫ𾪵ĿȻ󻺺һƽĿڵ
ֱԻǡ
һ
ݹԹԿΪŵˣٵĿ˵ţܺõģ㲻úġ
ĿƿţԸҽһ𣿡
ͷû뵽ô˵˰죬ȴûʲôýģΪѵʶĿ
￴ţһ˿
ȴųĿһݹԹԣȻƽĿĳҪʲô
￴˿ҪشʱͻȻԼЩȡˡĬ
ݹԹԼû˵ЩɻĿ˿Ȼֿ磬ôˣ
￴Ȼ𣬣ûˡû˵ʲôȤ˵ţţȷһ֮ģ𣿡
ĻţȻˡǿ˲ٿɡ˵ţ͵͵Цһ¡
ЦˣҲЦ
һ˿
ţ˱¥ͼ̺ͳ̲ˣݹԹԱ㿪ţְֺȥˣ
үүڻţȥˡְȥǰæˡ
ݹԹţŵͷȻ㱧Źһԡ
үүֵֻĿʵţֻﱧİ
ЦĻţԼġ
үүô˵ΪڿЦЦҡҡͷ㰡
ЦһȻүүүүûиء˵ţҪ
үүˣĴһ£ȻŴóһļ˹ȥ˵ǩ֣ˡ
ݹԹԿļ޿κΣΪÿүүﶼģ̾һүүһΪʲôءû뵽Ȼ˵ţǽˣ׼һԼı
үүЦ˵ţⲻЩá
ţǡ
үүЦҲ¶΢Ц
ݹԹһȻվ˵ţȥˡ˵꣬ͱŹˡ
Ҳţүүȴ˵ţл˵
ûиϡǵȵԹ֮үүŰϻȡȻϬ۾һֱЩëſ˵ţǼʲôо꣬ûеţһ䣺úûش𡣡
￪ʼҪôش𡣵ÿãԼӹȥˡ
үүҲûдߴǾĵĵš
һ󣬳ſڻţźܺáСʱҴǸŮȳҾ϶
үү˵꣬㲻ĿţҪǲϲأ꣬
ĬһżᶨĿڻţҲһҪõȻҲʼɣҲǲκβõ顣
үүı飬û˵ʲôĻӻ֣ˣȥ͸ȥɡ˵꣬ͼıֽ
ȴ֪ԼͨүүĿˡ΢΢ϹŻȥ
ߺүүǲ΢΢һ䣺Сӡ
¥ϣҲͬ˳ﻰౣֻܶЦһ£ֻӰ
ݹԹ˻ͿϵϾࡣţЦ
ˣ㿴˵ţôˣͬѧ𣿡
ڽţڿƵѾˡԾˡ
ˣͷȻĹЩȵʵţ㻳Ĺôû
ţǹҵĺáѡ
̿ţЦһ£ȻŹ˵ð
΢΢ͷȻһ䣬кȻǺƣǾǡ
̸еЩľȣܿͷӦ˹


 97 

, ݹԹԵͬѧ, ԺúȺ, ߵʱ򻹴ץ, ݹԹѡСıͻؼˡ
ǸԻصҺ󣬼ҳŵĶ, ɫһȻʼѯһ飬ÿͬѧУҳŷŹǡ
ݹԹԼߺ󣬱㿴౺ͳȥɣ
౵ͷЦŵðţָһ䣺ǿ泳
Ҳ̲סͬĵͷȻĿͿݹԹԻĹ
ݹԹԿЦŵֵҲͦõİȻҪʲô
౿˿Ȼİ
ݹԹһ£ʲô
౾ȵĿɣԹû𣿡
ҡҡͷ, ţûС
౼ˣ̾һȻӵ˵ţû, ҽ㡣˵꣬˵ţ˿ơ
ҡҡͷɵĻصûС
౼, Ҳ׼ˣȥ˹ܼҵߣţܼүүʼ𣿡
һ룬ܼҾͻţССҪ𣿡
౵ͷҪ鷳ܼүү͵ԹԵķ䡣
ܼӦõġ
֮ݹԹǾ¥ȥݹԹԵķ䡣Ժ󣬹ܼұ˽
ݹԹԿţ˵ллܼүү
ܼҿЦŻţӦġ˵꣬ĹţȥԼˡ
ţݹԹɻĿౣҪ˿ʲô𣿡
౵ͷǵġȻܿ죬˿һΪš
￴ţҪ˵Լ棬ǿЩݹԹԣû˵ڣǾš
ѡһݣȻԼҲѡһݡ
ݹԹǿ˿ȻѡһݡǺϤ˵Ȼأ
౿ǣʯͷ˭Ӯ˭˵꣬˱㿪ʼʯͷݹԹӮˡ
ݹԹЩƵƣȻ˵ҵƲǾͶҲð
ĽĿ˿ѵƸҡ
˿Ҫݸû౾˵ţˣԸķ䡣Ȼʼϸһ¹򡣽ţ˵һ档˭ҪģҪѡĻǴðա˵꣬˿ǣɲԣ
ݹԹԸȤĵͷá
ͷˣҲͬˡ
һ֣ʼˡ
ΪݹԹԣֱӳȥһơ
౿ţҪ˵ƣε˵Ҫ
ҲЦҡҡͷҪ
ݹԹ˵Ҫֳһԣ౵ҪˣҲˡ
ţһԶ˵ƣȥ
౿ţֻڵ˵ţҪ
ﻹЦҡҡͷҪ
ţֳһСĵţĸˣҲȻ
ȻͻȻӦĿû˵ţڴĿ
ûлشֻһЦ⣬ȴ׽׹ˣûСˣƣԹѾӮˣһ־ʼɡ
ݹԹԿЦ˳Ҳ˳⣬ƣһǲˣˣԹôǺư
ЩĿϴƣҲ㷢ơ
ˣ޿ȥһɡ˶٣ϴƷơ˵ţָ
￴һۣҲû˵ʲôƣʼϴƺͷơ
ܿ죬һΪ
һСʱ޿Ĳɵڵϣ컨˵찡ΪʲôҪң
ԭһСʱڣδζ䣬ĻðҲ˸顣ҲʮΡ
ݹԹԺͳ໥˿϶ŲɺӵЦ⡣ŵҲζ̬
һ౲ž˵Ǿһ¡
ݹԹԺܿ͵ͷͬˡ
ơ˵ţϴƷơ
ܿ죬౷ˣҲûոѡƣһȻɣ
ݹԹԿ˿Ҳѡһơ
ӺݹԹԺͳ£Ӯһ֡Ȼ¸߰Ŀˡ˵ţݹԹԵıϣƣƲƲ졣
Ѿͨƣ֪ݹԹȫˡ˿ʼ֪ǳݹԹãݹԹӮˡ
ĿŲ˵ţĻǴðգ
￴˿Ȼţðա
˵ðգƲƲ죬һۣţôôţקݹԹȥһԣСֹ
ݹԹĻ̲ס˵𣿡
ıһ£ʲôõġ˵꣬תųȥǰ˵ǰ˵ҪȢԹԡ
һ£ȻݹԹԣεı鿴ౣһ㲻˼ı鶼ûУһ£˵ţõġ˵꣬ת¥ˡ
ҲæקݹԹԣ
ţͼվ˿ǣ˵ݲҪȢš
ʱסˣǶɫѿĿ˵ʲôһҪ˵ҾͰɱ˵ı顣
￴ƽظһ䣺ҪȢš˵꣬˼ٴο˵ţðա
϶ʱһǿϧһ¡ǲĿðʲô
ʱǰڽţϷˣҪѡĻǴðաĻ⣬˵ĵĻðվҪʲôʲô
̺үүг̲˽ĵͷȻЦŵð˭İ
Щ˼Ļţҡ
̿ЦһµƤ
ЦͷǵһۣȻźۼĿһݹԹԣûʲôԣһҪˣŴء
̿ǣˣһ׼ǾһŰɡ
ǶɵӦţõġ˵ţ˱һԣĴ
ȴЩ㿴ųһ¡
û˵ʲôģ˹ȥ
ֻ̺һЩȻװ
ݹԹЩģҲû˵ʲôһౣ⡣
౿Ҳ
鷿ϿŶĳûпڡ
˺ڱţ˭˵˭Ϸ
󣬻ǳȿˣݲ𣿡
ϼ˵ˣһȴĿո˵Ǿ仰ĵ𣿡
һĻţǴðա
ϼôش𣬱ţҪûдðգô˵𣿡꣬
ĬƬ̣ŻţڲõĽһô˵ġ
ţﰵȻҪҼҵƭߡȻһֱ֪ǵ˵ʱǲġĶ˳ۣһҲ䲻ԼҵšܣѾͬһЩҪúܶࡣ˵ǲСţݺݵ˵һ䣺ɲҪʲô뷨
ûлػҲûҪĳŵӻ֣ˣȥɡ
ͷҪ뿪ûӣͣˣ˵ݲϣԿһҡ˵꣬תˡ
Ͽ뿪ıӰЩסˣžܻ˵ţǸƨ
ҹݹԹԿԼǰĵ⣬۾һ۾ǰϵ
Χ϶Ц⣬ֱմһ㵰⣬ĨϣݹԹЦҲĨȥˡ
־ţݹԹϲõЦ⣬ҲеܿġȻʧԭˡ


 98 

, ݹԹԿߴҴߵ, 㿪ʵǸȥ
ſֵ۹⿴, صҸոտȺ, ˵׼ѧУףȥմ֡Ҳһɡ˵ţķ, קˡ
˿ֻøȥ
ܿ죬ͿԿǰΧŵһȺˣһ˵ʲô
ǰȺʵڲ뼷ȥ㿴Լ첲ѣǽȥɣǾС˵ţÿ֡
ǼˣҲû˵ʲôȥˡ
ԭվ, Ҳûһ£濴ȥ
һڽ, ͿȺѾԶֿɢ̬ʾǰЩ˼վֱˣȻ㾪ȵĿԼˡ
Ծ˵, ô㰡
Ĳɵóˣȴº͵Ц⡣ţϥأϵ˵ţŮѣòã
ݹԹԿĶסˡҲɵķ
˵
ô˵һ˿ģվ
ݹԹԼվһС˵˭⣿ǲáҾͲǰڶ˵ˡ
￴ЩֵĻţ౳ġ
һȻˣȻ˵ˣȻȥɡ˵꣬˿ԼܿӣùĻڶˡ
￴һĻЩסˣžϲ
ΧͬѧûʲôֿˣҲ뿪ˡ뿪ʱǿ˿
˷ܵĽŲԼѧУ
˵ѧУһ˵Զȴر
ݹԹŻٵϣѾյϢѣĵĽ͡
ݹԹԻصᣬսſڣѸٵİŹϣһֻֻ̲סԼ.ڣ΢΢ջͺͿԼλѣЦӯӯĿԼ
ݹԹԿǣһʲô
λ໥˿Ȼһվ𣬾ſڣһһ˵˵ոձˣ
˵ǸѧУĴ׵ģ
˵㻹ܾˣ
󣬻ͬ˵ͣ
ݹԹԿǣʱסˣһŷӦЦõĿǣʲô
ֵۣ˵ļ򣬵˵Ҫʲôͽ͸ڵĴΪʲôף
ɫЩ˵Ҳûи˵
ӲҵĹעǣΪʲôʶλ񡣡
һֱʶû˵𣿡ţûǻش𣬱˵ţҼǵҸ˵
Ĭһƽ˵Ǹ񣬲еǸνɣ
ͷţǰ
˲䣬˶סˣȻ󲻸ŵĿԣҲ÷
ǰ
򵥵ġǰ˲ǸסˡһǲŸһ¿ˮЩץĿզ˵
ͷؼûʹҰ
ǶʱˡŶ˵ǰһڣȫûˣ˴ϡ
ۿʵ׼׼Ӧ
һء˵⣬µףţ;𣬲˵绰
绰ܿͱͨˡû˵౿˵ţôͬûа
ݹԹ˵ţ㿴ʲô⡣
ֱ׳ĻţôˣҾͦðȻڹҲ֪ʲôʱſÿˣǴӦûӦ
ֱǰĻţȻûӦ
౷飬ţΪʲô
ţΪʲôҪӦأ
ô˵ƲƲ죬ðɺðɣ㿪ľͺáţûش𣬾˵һ䣺ѽ㽵Ĵһ֮ˡǵĴӦûᱻܶ˳Цİɣ
Щ˼ˣЩ͵˵ţҲɣ
Цһ£ڻ£㡣ȹˡ
һáţ绰ҶˡһֻͿԵ˫۾ֱֱĶԼ
ֱһҸﰡ
Ҳûֱţһ𣿡
Ŀǣǰôˣ
۾Խ˵ţǸ𣿡
԰
ǼţǸʲô
౰
ȻɫЩȻʵ˵Ůһԣ𣿡һ⵽˵һƣǲɵոմ񶼸ԹԱˣǾǵ˵ţݹԹԣǲǣ
ݹԹȴһ£Ȼɵĵͷǰɡ
˿̬ȣԣȻԹԣǲ֪𣿡
ҡҡͷЩ̹ĻţҲǺΪһѧУԼһѧУ
ۿˣһѾˡ
ͷţá
˵ţԹԣԸҽһ´𣿴еĻŮҲok
ݹԹԺЦĿǰ˵ǰ˵ˣҾ͸˰
һۣҲ֪ʶ
ٺٵЦ
վ˵ţҲû˵ˣҲ֪ҲݴŮ񰡡Ǹո֪ġ˵ţЦҲһЦ
ܿ죬磬ߵݹԹѧУ͸һϢһݹԹԱɱ˹
౿Цһ£룺жʱûˡţץץͷʵʲô
ţʳáҸ˵ѧУʳÿɺóˡ
౺ЦĿѧУʳҲܺãӦûá
һƲƲ죬ڸҫҾˣҪҳġ
˵ţãģھȥ𣿡
ڲˣһҪһҵأԽȳʳáҼסˣǷһķ
౴Ц˵ţá
ʳãȫȻ·˾޵Ŀ⡣
ʳãݹԹɨһۣͿˣ˹ȥ
ߵֻ˲վĿֱֱĶͣ˵á
౿ǣЦһ£Ǻá
ۡ

ǳ
౿ǣ¶΢ЦȻźۼĴһ£û˵ʲô
ݹԹԼǿŵӣеЩ˵ţˣϽ°ɡ˵꣬ȥȻԼȥˡ
һݷȻ౵ģҵġ
౵ͷһұ߳Ա˵š
ܿ죬౾֪˵ļͥһڲźۼ˽⵽ġ
극˾Զ˳ˣݹԹקУ԰
౼ˣ㿴ݹԹԵԹԣǸĻȽ
Ŀ𣿡
֣˵ĶͷȻˡô㲻Ұ
˵ţȻˡ˵꣬㿴ֱӵ˵˵ͳﱻ˴һԣ
Ŀ˿˭˵İôۡ
ݹԹԿЦ˳ĳ䣬Ȼ͵͵һȻţҵġ
ˣɵĿһۣ㲻˰ɣ
˼ͷȻ˵ûţЩ
౿˿˵㣬Ϊʲôأ
Ųһ£ȻţƸոôо񣬶Щã˵ţҲ֪
౿̾һԹԣҪǸһˡ
ߡһȻͳֻдһϢ﷢˹ȥ󣬰˰ڵڲ˰ɡ
౿˹ȥ⻹ࡣҪһˡ
ֻм򵥵һ䣺һڡ֮󣬸𸴣ڼ䲻Ҫϵҡ
̾һЩã˵Ҫôѡأ
౿֣֪
һۣҲû׼Ŀõ𰸡
౿յӣЦһ£ոǸ⣬ԹԣǸ㲻ҪǸҲҪӽӴ۵ĻʲôµĻ
ţõġܼš˵꣬ܵǰ棬˸
౿ţЦ׷˱һűֿˡ
ݹԹԻصᣬڴϣʼ˼
ǻûпʼߵĴߣʵԹԣôİһ¡
ݹԹԿ糣Ļţһûá˵꣬˼
ȴû߿ǼţԹԣʲôʱʶİ
ݹԹЩͷƽĿҪϢˡ˵꣬Ѵ
ţתԼĴϣ۾ȴмɫ
ݹԹԿϷЩ顣ҪȷԼӦˣǲΪôϰˣԼûдӦǲΪԼĲϲ


 99 

ת, ͵һں
һ, ݹԹǳԺ˯, Ϊĵڶ, Ѿ˽
һߣȻ෴ǳҲԲ, ˯Ҳ˯ãȻûзʲô󣬵ʱʱľͷһʱʱͳֻȻһ뿪ֻͲܻˡ
౼ˣЦſųá
ҲѾ˲ˣǽĵšļϣʱȥֲϣʱȥôľᡣ
죬Լ¹, ܾļáѡһ˵⣬õġžԼһҪϵδ֪, Щƽ飬ˡ
ݹԹҲƯ·ҴĺƯ, ˵ľ޵۹³ˡ
ݹԹѧУſڣЩƵⲽżᶨĲ˽ȥ
ݹԹվһ£ԼĳЦŻ˻֣
￴ޣȻżᶨĲ˹ȥ
ݹԹԿһһĽӽԼϴЦԽĲˡ
ǰվš
￴ϵЦ⣬һ²⣬ȴԼǿаѹȥƽ˵ţţ緹𣿡
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