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֮ʳָϣŮ
ߣˮ


1

ش
ܶ˵ļڣ˭ԸůĿջڣ˼е¥Ѱˡ
С㣬һŮ˵
⻰ִš
ȴԥ˻ȥ
ЩӣЩΣ֪ڵˡ
ǾţֱմŰ壬ľű㱻ƿ
֨ѽ
һǳɫԲС˳ضˮ߳˶Էһ
㣿
ԲС˿ݣʱüƵʵ:ʲô㵲ſڲȥ
֪Էҹӵ꾹Ҳû˿𾴡
û̬ȣջ֣¶һºѺõЦ:ҹôǡտɺã
ṫӣ
СһȻЩŭˡһطˮ裬񣬡ȻãˣǶûǮҩˡ
ᵽ䣬ĳǹشӱ˷纮˴Ҳץҩȴٳٲá
͹ûˣֲԸʾСżòС
պ̲ס:Ǽҹӽܹί
ɫһ䣬δڣԱ߸ŵŮӱ걧Թ:ô֪֪ʱ򴫳ȥΪҿ»ء
ͿС˷˸ۣŤͷŮӣ죡ء
˳Լ˵СǱ˸ˣʮ֣Ϳزˡ
ʮֺڡ֪ԼϱΪʲô԰ӣĸҲ˵
һ:ҽȥôȥġ
仰С˫ۡǰСͬԼҹӳܣߣȻתԶˡ
ԭǲȥģ֪뵽ʲô̬Ҳ
ŶǣӰɡƺҲˡ
һ߲ȥһߴŶԷ
ƽյһؾԳʡһ˫ۣЦʱﺬĸȷʵǷεŮӡ
׼ûˣ֮ǰСԹӲã
ȻԷǻȥţӱϾǼˣĶһֱأܺСͺãӵҲЩ
֮ǰûʲôоԽ齣ŵһɵҩζζʮܡ
ǰǳһºΪ˵СѷͷܣӶˣűȥİ顣
ǻ飬ɫ԰ֽݵòУЦԷÿơ
ԭͲô֪ôġЩԼúùͨܽ⣬ʲôҪҪߡ
񲻸԰飬ԥ˺ð죬ỽ:飬оΣ
ǰ΢ۣűıӣڴϡٺܾ£˳ѻСӣź΢΢
˿̵ɫҰףݳĻҲֻ΢΢Ƥһۡ
С㵣ġɳƣ˵꣬͵ؿ
Сҵģ㿴ˣ뿪ô
ʵҲͷ˵ŶԷԼȥġ
׵ڶ죬Է̬ǡбǼšżգͱˣ
׹׹ۣû֪ķӦӦҲȥ⣬ֻŰ˴ȥβ
ȥģǲҪˣԺúùӿɺã
ǽԼȥġ԰׵ĴЩĬ
˷еĶҡǰһѽԷᱧ𡣰ôűӣš

е˶ᣬΪЩ֫ϸ
һ˫۵Բ̧ͷȵ񣬵һʱûлع쵽¥ݿڣŸоڻе
鷴Ӧؽִӱ񣬱ʾԼĿ:ſҡ
Ҷһˤȥô¥꣬ǻȥ˵
˱ϣů¯黳Уֽ£㶵ģ̲סЦ
ʵ˼ܵ
ǰһֱöԷʱǿԼ
ΪԷÿԼʱ¶̬ϴСһ𳤴ıʱڶ߱Թ϶ߵˣԼǵĹټݡ
˹ϣᣬֲԸŻᵼҵĽ
ӣС׷˿ʲôҲû˵ͰͿһͬͷ
ǰյλãҪͰ˵:棿ǰ٣ܾסѩô
ʶΪ˽Լȥʱûгǿ˵Ļֲ˵ͣ˻죬۽ޡ
ûµģɺˣС
ͷСϽ˵ʲôЦ˿ǹǶ˹ͨʱȥ

ɫ䣬ǣ££ӣ˵Ƿ纮ôôûãɻҪ·֮Ա
Щڣ棬¶ƣı顣
ǰŮӶԼ΢Ц崺磬ͬƽպʱķҲͬڸԼʱı塣
ͺڶ֮ҹúͷſڴϣжԷԼͷһǣ꼻һֵᡣ
Ƿ纮Ҳץҩûá
˵Ĭˣϡīɫķɢڼձߣڣ΢򡣵ͷģֹΪ
ͲˣԼôöԷ˪߸أ˵öԷƲԼڣΪǳ
ķľٶڴ˿ԵЩͻ
˵ͷҲٶԼЦ˵ҲʮӲֺˡ
ʱ򣬿޵Ȧ죬עǱǻȴʮǱ
ôأδȥ
ǵãǰǸ竣Ҳģϲͬѳȥɽˮˤɽ£ʹɡ
ҹܵԼķĹԣ
ĻԭҪɢˣΧһжΡȥҲˣŰڷǰԼֽ
һֽûʲôѪɫϸЦҲգûͬҳܣҹ徲
侲ɲǼƹĹ֣ȢңΪβúôңҲУҪ
ܶԼǰ
һ˲˰Ϊҹ̽ԼϲϲӣܺԼˣŤҩС¡
ΪʲôޣҶã˵ϲԼ
ԼأҲϲΪβֻ̣ͬܣ
ǵģһԳֵķްˣֻǶûԷ⣬ҲԼ⡣
һúô롣
ֻϿտţһ߰ĹӸֿЦ˵ԼˣĳܹԼ˵ˡ
͵ҵĴұе˺
лҪ˵һ¿̲ס
ʥСʹʥ~

2

ô˵
Էɳƣ˵
ջؼ䣬Űϸϸؿ˰Ρ
һֱ˰СûֱֻĿȣ׷ʣȻֿʼȡ
æȥıȵú§ڻİͿ
Ϳжõ
˿ˡͿӦ
ӿ˼ݳٶȣСԱߵ⼷˼ۣҹҲôʶʱСЩҪ˼ˣ
ޣ
⻹ǺŷڿջŮӲԼ֮٩˵ǰǡʶʱ񡱣ͷŤһߣ²
ôС˺ôҹôãΪԭӦţСˡ
ȵ˴ſڣͿʣС㣬ûǲƵ߲Žȥ
Ŷ
üƽŶǿŵġǰʱҲǣô͹ˣд̸⣿
ʵĸŶһ
׼ͷͬ⣬ȴо˱ӣҲ߬סԼ½
ôʰ飬ôˡ
ȵȡ
͵ǰȥμУͬԷĹϵøӽӲ䡣

ǰ԰ϵģȻͻΪӲŽ󣬻ĿԼһۣ˵̵Ļ
ǺɣôʸӲ룬СôûҴӺŽӽȥأ
仰ԭĵ̬ȱøӷŭߣҲȥԺӡ
Ӵ˶˷·̨ö֮˶ۡ
ʵϣ»ɴŽ뱾ӦһֶԷɵϿɡ
ǲףֻʢԸͷټҵĹӸ
һֻ⬣ҪƶԷķչԼ
˲죬ĵ˶岻ãðͿȥкŵĻ:ǿš
Ϳȥֻ:С㣬˵ڲ㿪ţӲ롣
ôǲţü⻹Ӳˣ
Ҫ˵ƿȥů¯
һ˫ӶŻ裬Ҳ˵Ļƽ:ӲɣĸŲһ
ܸеĨʧ͸ˡ
Ц⡣
󣬲ŷԼķ˿ڲģĸͳǷǷ
Գ˵ɵıԣɢԵһƷ˿ŵᣬоǵ٩:Ŷ㵱治Ž룿
⻰ԷķԭͲ԰׵Ĵ:߲ߣһؿջ
ģ˭ܿ߳ŭǰһͻΪԷڼӡ
ߡӦ𶼴ϲãǵðɻɵˣ
ֽȥ˿:ǿҪˡ
̸ʲôõأƳһ۽յţʱѲλҪˡ

ǼվǲҺСԣһŵĶһ:СϾ»ʱڣĪҪ¥ӽɣǺ⣬˿̾Ͳˡ
ʱͰƵãһۣⲻǸԼ𣬰
ϹҺʱ¥˽ţȥ¥Ⱦƣ˼ҳ
ҴԼķɻؼһҪ˭۾úÿ
ԭƿϸﲻˬԼˣΪʲô˿
캮Ҳ㴵磬漴ӣˣֻ֪ǵ򡣡
ŵ˻:Сͬͺˣ
Ҫˡ
ִķɵĶͷ:ã̡öԷһ
Щȴǿ:㣬ǰղôΪνձϴһȥ
еһɻת̫죬̬ȫͬ
˵ֻϷ̣ضˣԼҪʣֱŤƵġ
ӣԼԼɻСŹȥദĲ죬Ҳ֪ǰ治ˡ
Ը̨:ҲôΪ㿴ҡ
ǰ֮ն԰㲻ᣬð亹ۣͿɾڶԷ
һ˿ϧԺôɡĸȢˣռ˼ҵӣ̧ȢţҲøǡ
˭糿һЦݶûУԼӣһ䵭ıϲáһˮԾʼˡ
ⲻ֪һᱳʹкɫŹ֡
𣿰ҡͷЦдԳ:Ķҿ㣬ʲôʸ񿴲𣿡
˵ţͷΣ䱻ס
𣿡ĹģδôԼԴţϸ׵ȥץǰӣ:˵ʲô¥
ãİԼӻȻҪúùӵģðЩϸ
ݵ°ͣôѶԷιֵһʣЩΣʵʵش:ǰ̰棬ȥֻǺȾơ
δֵŵպ󲻻ȥġ
˭ȥȥ
ôģͷʵΣڶԷ߶߶˯˹ȥס¡
죬ϽģôôֱӸϺ·һ·ɱ
Ϳǰͷţᡣ
Ǵ£Ǻõ農м˼ǹء̵ҽֽͯ:ҿӡ
ͷˣߡԸһԵ:ȥʰһҹӽס
㶵ģЩͷ飬ŸϽ˳ȥ
ʣˡ
һӷڴ£ס֡
֣ϸССġǹټҹӣָȴ˼ӣһ㣬ǲĥˡ
֪ڼжʲôǰȥҰʱ򣬶ԷҲʮֵȻմԺﲻš
ЩټҵĽүӦô඼ڹ뷿ɣ뵽ٳ
ʱվᣬҪҪȥأ
黹˯۵ʱԵرľɡ
Ķ쵰ΪֲЦһ˫ʱҪַ̣ʹǸ꣬ҲԽӽ
˴̾Ϣ֪ΪԼûнظͶ̥Ǹмġ
ȥŷԼ׶꣬ĳ˶ݵ⣬ȫ˺ȻҪֲ
С㣬ҩˡⲻģȥҩͷš
׵ʱⱻơ⽫ҩ˽ỽ:ҩˣ˯
˯úǳһӱҨһҩιϾܾ
˼֮ףҲǿǺͺãǲϰܵľٶԼСǰ˵ʵ˳ͬ񲢲졣
Լл鷢Լֱסѿ
֪ΪΰȻ䵭ڣԼһԲúܡ
ǳڵĴ󻧡ǼСܾ谮ֺãжͺɰ־ڻ¥͸˵
㣬»ڶ˲ϵͷģǰûҪȢ
ôôöԷΪҲ⡣
ݸ飬ǳǳһڣü΢΢
𣿡º͵ʣһȣһӺȹͲˡ
۽

Լչˣ΢΢̣ҩһУСǷġ
񿴵÷Цһ۽:һš
һţץô
һۣһų£ϲüͷչ
ԡֳ˺úӡԺԼҪ
лҪ˵أǳӲ~
õôá

3

ŷɺҩͿ»ˣվŴ:С㣬˵Ҷţ
Ϳͣһ£Ҳȥ
һȥ׵ڶգǼĸߵģֲǲʶ
Լҷɲûãܾȥã͡
Ҳȥ
̽סĻƿӣҪ´ҸջҪݼġ
ðɣЭȷʵԼĸĸδʧ
ȳȥɺãҪϴȻĸǰ
ʵͦ뿴黻·ġǲ嶴ʱϸڣͨѩ׵ļӡ̡
룬ԹԳӡ
ȵ԰׵ɫκЩ
һǳɫޱߵĴ멣ĵþµü۶˼ָɾ
бϣһĻ˵Ϸ֮ġŷɴڣ˹
治ɫ˴Ȼʵڱε˵һҹģġ
ȥǣ֣ɶ
֮ͥ£ׯЩдǴͬҺƻûܰɣ
ǰ߶ֺǺǵģǾ䣬ԭƸı䣬ݡֱ
Ƕôûܹϵˣ
ѵǼٵģ
⻰ҿɲͬ㲻ô

Ӹ׵ҡ
ڴϵĵֻʣһ촽öû˵
ıʹס:˵Ҫʲô
ٳ顭˰ɡ
׼֮գõĹԱһԮ֡׼⣬ҪΪԼĶһ׵ĳ·
ңҼʱѣȥɣ壬ͬҵСףǸúӡ
ȻԶ뾩ǡ
׼ЩӻеݳһöݸӣĪҪʹӣԺ󡭡δ˵꣬˫ϣûϢ
֪ԺֻܿԼ
ΪԼһҲܺúûǵ޸˭˵ν
ʱλЩҪŭļԼҵڣ̵Լá
Ҫ𣬿߰ɡûнĻǶȴ֪λӦ
ǲ
ԭǾ仰ĺ壬Ըͬ鳳ܡ
ǻΪﲻϱִú˵
ǿͷͬһߣû׷߱˼ŷΪΪǣ
ǰǢʱǣǳ£ΪΡ
ˡ
ʶڰ˵ԼŸոտʼѣûΪЩǰ
˵ޱߵķɣûжԼʲôСȻԼҲô
˾ôĬˣһ·

˷ãҼ͵ˡԲδľΪɫϷ˵Լͬȥ
Ҽʮֻ˵һϾԡ
Ƕﶼǲ:˼һڰ˴ˣļСճ׾ͰѷɸϳȥǶҵ
ڨڨЦʵվǰϴ:ǣǣŮ֪ˡ
ǶĴӦȥסķ纮ûȫԴ΢ɳƣϿҵͬһֵΡ
ǿɲС˵䣬ܳȥԼǺأļ·ģ
˵Ҽƫ̻飬ɾԼСŮ
ʮͷŮòλȹ̣˵
Դ֪ŮȢѵĶӣͲôϲ飬ͷӦ
˵ˣܰǹټӵܣǱ̻ߵģɰ׼ұϾˣҲ¼޵ǲǣ
鲻Ǽ£СԼ۰ĺӡ
ϻ¥СģֲϣŮ϶ĺƽԭúһ
ŮһȴǾɫֲֺԼ
ܵסʱҪȥ˵:
ȥضΪǼнĹأڻˣɵúú˵˵
ɷףͷ߶߶Щѵ⡣
εظתͷַɵָģˡ
ۣеȥǣ˳еָһֱʮָۣյúܽ

龪һ£ﴫůЩ˼˦ɶԷǣš
ֻЩؾãôֳϡ
߶߶Լ׵࣬ϵѵ⣬ôŰ:
ѽضˣͱ˵ˡңҡ
iĵЦݣЦңȳԷɣӶˡ
⺢ӡͳһף̾ε:԰ɳ԰ɣǹ߶أǶˡ
ɿ֣ųԷĶĶǣü:ôðɣ
Щ񣬲֪ʲôֱ䱻˴һǡ
۾ƫԲʾʱϲö࣬Ҳöࡣ
Աߵ:ڳǰԷأ٬
ɿˣ
̻Ҳʳ޲ϣὫиʣߣֿʼ˷ԣǴ
ʮҲСˣŻᣬӣΪҿ֦ɢҶһ뱧СŮء
ǰŮŮ̤ʵ棬ż⣬˸ͻ˳ķɣֻһӡ
ŮԴϻۣȴҪȢͷҵĶӡԷ˵ʱԼģɳ꣬Ӻ޶
㿪:̫ˣЩúӹǣҿɲûк󡣡
鵽ǹټӵܣС֣עܡ
˴ͷβôἰӣ۵ǺˣҧŴ˵ǡ
ˡ
֪ϲ˱ӣڿǺߵģȥҪԸ
Ͻ:ӲŮã˵ǲǣʾ
ʲôҵȻҪŮ
ŮĪ˵:߶߶ˣǵô࣬ûˣ鰡ϽȥЪŰɡ
˵ʲô
ӣͬ
ϽŰߣסļ磬Ƶս
黹㣬رץסһǳĺз·żãȻ
ܸоԷעԼûӣݲŷ֡
ŵ˵Ļ⣬ֲǺһţͱðΪѡ
ʱ̬䵭˿̷죬оڳǰԼά
֮ǰԼһԴԵĸС㣬Ĺ˲٣Ϸ·ȵĴС
Ϊɻ
УìһҪ⿪׵ڶʱǵ

Աߵĵӣģ
лҪ˵:ģַʽ~
԰ȷʵ̫ùҪŬ~

4


Ц˵ŮӣʱҲ˵򣬰ϡͿĻ¡
Ѿù緹Ҳû£Ҫʲô
Ҫìܽ⿪͵ôͷ˵
һֱǣΪζ󣬳ʱ䣬ҲԼݹȥӡ
ƽʱӻ˼Ҷ߸ˣô˷Ͳͬ
㵱ʱҪҵӣΪΣڽ˵ϱӵڵɻ
治Ǽٲ
Ӷһŵ:㲻ڴСģҽõҪ졣
ȥ
ʱԼ󣬰ۣ˿񱻻䵽䣬¶һЩۼѩ׼͸Ϣ
ȷʵԼáΪģԼӶڵǰں:ȥ㻨
ڸճɼҲãڸĸУǰܻĶ
ãԼķɺãҪ
û뵽ټҳİ飬ǲϲ֮
жãɪϲ֮ǡôĹģƽеĵθ
ᣬʹڶնԷһҲޣֻǮơ
һΪСԼһΪɹߡ
ԼˣĽһֱڡ
ʵᣬ񲻽ڣԼѯʣǾûˡ
ʱǳĵƹâӴյͷγСȦĹΣӳĵůá
Ӧʮɡ
룬ûһأôƵĲòкѧʲô
Ҳԣ㣬㲻˰ɣСĹ۲ŰɫһȥעԷŨܵĽëˡ
š굹˱裬̺ţɫȻҲе
Ǿͺã͵ˡ˴Ϣ˵ܼҴСԼˬسˡ
ܼҴСΪ⣬⣬ȴһʵʵڵĵùΪֹˬʣϲһͦ֡
˵ʦŹ£ýζ
û˵ѲˣӣҪ֪հѷɺؼң˵ʲôҲ㡣
ôģ⻰עͷʲôϵ
٩:зɣĽ𣿡
Ľͷ
һۡ
ԼȻδףҲж׶ġ񲻿ϣ̾˵أ˵Ķ
ӦøҳӦúúǺǣ㿴Űɣйˡֻ
֪λñԼˣϽŶ:Ըꡣ
ʱ鷴ӦúõѽԼ͵ſڡ
鳰ЦһԷɤӵ:
˵˼Ҽ㣬ҲˣһʼǸĸ֮ý֮ԣʲô飿ìǽ⿪ˣҪΪһԺгķޣѧʶء
˵öԡͬѵŬôǰͷԼࡣ
Ųţⲻ֪Ϊξʹ㡣
ǼɫˣͰ鳳ҲûɹС̡Ҳʲô뷨ñķһѾ͹ˡ
кιϵ
⻰ǲΪλܾԼ
Ѵ˸ġ
лҪ˵Ϊ±Ƚ϶̣ɴ෢
ϣÿһнţŬŬлλСʹµĲ

5


Ͱס½Ժװʮϲ죬ֹƵϲرʵ
ϣڴϼװ濴飬ʵڵȴԡ
߳ͷʪģŰɫ£û£¶ǳʡһ֣ˮ䣬˳Żȥ
һջ
ôûвɣ
齫ɰߣҸ
ԡʱϲ˴ţͷ֮඼Լö֮ˣѸ٣ҲᳶͷƤ
˳ӵ¡
ŲžԼ˵:л͵͵ģû塣
лʲôǷޣȻһЦ
ȵͷɣǰԴһһ㣬֪ˣûоˣᱧŽࡣ
շȥѣһ˿⣬ӸǺãֱǵͷһꡣ
񿴵úЦ:ʲôѲɻ
˲䣬ߵ˶볶һ±ӣֱ߬ţ֡
Īºڣ
ʵǵðԼͬʱıˡ
ӡУϵǢʱĬԣҹӲ
ȤҪôͬãҪôܲ˯Լġ
ºڣǺߣ
ںڰ̽ȥԡĳʪ
ͬѴ:ͬҪ󣬿ǷӦ
ͬɵһоʵУԼ˵ΪҪô
ǼɢʱԼǷģһΣô
ԸΣԸΣܹҪ˳⡣
Ҳ֪Լж⣬ֻҪԽԽϲԼԼ飬ˡ
һ̣˾Լ겻ʱס⻬°ͣ׼ȷҵǱӡȥ
û֮ǰ뿪ɵؽ:
Ϊº˯ţʱŵıˡģʲô§˯ˣɱҶ
˶ԭǿܵģձ㲻ˡӹģ㣬Ժ︡ʡ
ţһ˸ŶԷ¶ȣ˯šҸ⣬:ߺ㶼Щʲô
һС:Ҳûʲôȥ򣬶򡣡
˵䣬ľ
סԳظĻ򡭡
λһ˵ϸϸ˳֣һùͷȴźܼ٣ܺĵһ
û۸ɣЩģ֪鲻ͬ˽Ǻϲ
ã鲻Ը˵˶ˡ
Ǳ˯ɡǰ׷ʵˣҪۣķ纮æ˵:ȻտкҩҲڣСûаҩ
־䶼ǹģ䣬Ҳ˼ǻ:š
һֻֻϣһ£ϸ:ȷʵҪಹ塣
̸˵ԵÆˣıЪϢûԼϴ˴ա
Ҳջظһ첻Ӧû˯ãҹһ˯ˡ
ǰһƬڰʣʶԴԼķɣ˳ױڻ˵Щû˯ѵı:£¡
漴硣
𴲣ַɶԼ̬ܶ࣬Ȼ·ҪΪԼϡ
ǰͣϸԼϵ´û΢ЦֻǴ΢ҲܿԷĺ顣
ôϲҲȾǡ
˵ãһ˵Ǿˣ˵ĸˡʳɿ콫´ϵãȥ꣬һס
͵£Ѱ£
Ӵ֪ˡ
ҲҴֿ˻
ΪǢһٷӲ죬˹һڲˡ
ҽСŮд󲿷ڴϣҪ飬Сó裬ȥѣմǲݣûһ
ɼˣ㲻ܹҼ˻ȥԼҳ￴꣬ѧѧô⡣
ȥãԼǰ㸻ԣ㿿ÿ¸㻨Ҳ
ⶼҪģԼ÷ֺ첻ˣ
ҵ䣬Σ
ʱɱԹ¡ԭΪԷӦɡһͣƮƮôѯʡ
ҵ䣿ҴĸǴĸֻԽԽӣҲԽԽϱȥʱлӪء
÷죬ֺǺЦţҪȥеɡ:ôᣬˡﻹøء
ɡûӵɻתɵߣзš
Ҳ뷨˵üо˸С
齫ɡߵİͿһӣеߵ˼:㰴뷨ɣ󸮲ǮҪôЩȥɡ
һ˫üţβ΢΢
ǣôֱŤˣ
Ҫߣҹýӵøģʲô¶˵壬Լȥ¡
ﲻԣ˵ģˣѰͿƳȥţŰʡ
ƺԼ˵ĻЩգѹ¼
û뵽ﲻԣʣ˵ˣô
˵ʲôҶʹͷ
úѧ⡣
˵Цݣ˵ҲЩҲ֪ӺãҪԼУһˣպ󡭡
˵ˣͷȥ׺λĺ塣
ŴĻ˭
ʱľͻˣ˵ûں̬ȶԴӣˣԼҪ鸺
ǰҲ˼ųԺʱԷЩǶԼıģ
ָɱ֤ˣҺúѧúþӪӣʱ˵
Σ뿪
ҵĳֹ̲һңҼΪСŮ֣ƫضεǼˣҲս
Ϊ̻ʱҼΪѡֵĺӼ̳мҵ˽̵˵֪ʶ
ڿҵĴ㣬ϻȴ̵Ķ㣬ġκ̰棬ģѡϴͼס
֣գ۱ϤˡһһĻƥĳУ뵽ɼ޹ʱòûд̫·
ߵʱ˼ƥԼҿĵ꣬նˡ
ҲǷˡ
Ҫؼңһ£⡣̸۶ԼææҪϳ
ʲôѽǸԼס
˼Цһ˽㣿
˵һҪ㣬Σǳģʲô㣿
ѶԼķ޸˹ģ񶼲֪òøж
ϱӰԼڷǰΪлۡ
ⱲǸռ޹꣬жһģĥϣΪ˴ϵķޡ
Ĵϴĸ棬ˡϹԹԻؼңû˿Ҫͬȥ¥뷨Ҳⶺϵɾ
оʮƣ׷ʮơ
ŵǰСĸ鵽ϣţҼһͬҺͺɺȿͷû֮˶Ȼ
⻰ǿЦЦҲ֣¡
̽ͷԺѻ֣ϽδȢؼңһҪϲƵġ
׷֮ǰȥøϳĳЩ
лҪ˵:ʵҺܺ׷ģԣ

6


ֵ磬ѵõůյĺ䣬ԺǣС˹˵Լҵҡ
ΪСŮˣžֿЦݣŶûϵ㡭
δϣƳԱһСɾҲЦ
ʲôϣϡС񰡣ˡ
СɾտæأĳչĿɵúúд˼ҡ
һֳϲ͸죬á
Цӯӯسк˿ڴС㰮ˣ꣬黹
һֱΪԼСܵܣҲűĴ֡㳤ʶŮб𣬶˱ӣҲ
֪ԼȳػᵼĽ֮飬˵ʲôҲͬ־롣
ĸоܸӡ
û뵽ԼеıܣȻΪʣݺ顣
Ҫ˵ԷĽԼһֱ֮ˣ취˵ע⡣
˵Լû뷨Ϊο鲻˳ۣ˵һЩǶǵĻǵᡣ
ϲԼ߱Ĳǰ۸ĿģȢԭǲԸ׺ദòã֮Ƕ԰С
룬ӣôԵ޹۸٣һֻ۱һֻֻۣ֪ɡ
ȥԼ࣬ΪͬദãΪƢ
ı鲻Ǻܺÿ
ܵصͷؾܾǳ׵ˣĹйһͬˣ̫ãõ㣬һ¡
첲ͱһǣŮô˵ģдˣǰͦô
ҧŴ޹ˣѹ񣺡ﲻ㶼ˡ
ǰöԷɰڼ˼ֱꡣ
ڣ˵ʵҶˡ
ȥ϶ӭҡ
û˵ˡ
УҴȥ£úദɲ֡
ǱڴġϾԼųıܣ϶ʲôԭɲŻ
ҵԭɣ鲻ᱻݺҲܱСɾ
Ա˵ԼշȤ¡ʲôھ¥Ե˺óԵ²ȣмصСķ
صԺӣŰָָұܣ㣬һ˵˵ɡ
ãÿ
ǰŰĸ첲еòСЩ޴룬ǴδͬİӴƵĿ
ŰЦЦȥ׼һЩ㣺Ժɹ̫ɣתת
űҪ뿪ȥơ
Ŷǡȥɡֻõ
һѯʣԼԼҷɵĴ𻰡ʱģðͿʲô±֪ͨԼ
õ˱һ¶ӣЩ׼иھ¥Щʳһ̧ͷ㿴ͿŴ
·ûģأü
úԺ

ʱ˱ԭȵƹţߣʵˣͿ
£Ҳ˵СͿ֧֧ᡣ
⻰صãҪи̣ͷϡ
ʲô£һС
ͿȻţû̫ˣձү䣬ݣҲȥ
һСȥˮȻͷѵ죬ԭүˤ˳㽫ˣѹƬѪܵġ
ô˵ˣ
Сţ̫ҼֲԶ
û£ʡ
Ϳҡͷû¡
ţȻһǣƾСġ
һͳ£ϱӻͦ

ûû£ˡ
Ķϸ˿ڣúôҪ̵ģܲģ
ȥԼԺûҵҲڣͷǰס
һűԼҵСʱʱԼοĻ
һ۶СŮҲûбֶס
Ͻҩ۵ᶼ˻˻
ܵˣĵ
˵һǶ಻ȫ
˻ȥҲ֪˷ɾͲݣ
ǷأôҲûйأټҳôˣû£
һ߶߶Զ԰
ͷۡ˲̫أ˵꼸ǸҪȥҰ顣
㣬ֱֻ⣬Ҳŵˡסǿʹʮֶµĸо
֪
Ȼ֪⣬ᴦ⣬߶ðο⡭
ͷҲأֻ֪ࡣ
лҪ˵е̡

7

 أ
񷵻ԺӣұҲûְټòС⣬ץʡ
ܿСȥүˣ
ӣⲻ˵ôͿ˵ûʲô¡ȥˡ
Ϳɵ֪ʲôǰͷСɡ
ƫƧ᷿ںģ⿪źϽȥƣȴס㡣
˵֮Ըƹ⣬ſǻ
ֻأԵ˵ǰܵʲô̼
տĵƱ㱻͵Ƶڵأ˵˱㣬
ͷһֻޣ΢ƼоӨһƬ
δһ棬ܴȴ͵̬
ˣΪŶİɣ鲻ǰ޵ˡ
æ͵Ƽ򺰵ҡ
֪㡣
īɫУ귴ϣԴڿڸ첲̧ͷȥֶϵķҲʪġ
ɵ뽫ӵ
鲻˵ȥƵı̵Ľëߡ
ѹ˱һ˶ںڰ˵ĹķӦǿܡһֱˣŻоʵ
ȥɡ
е͵Ʒϣˡ
СãˣӲôôң뿪
ߣˡ
ûнֻһյƣֲܿڴֱ֮ۡӱ۲۲Ĳ
ȥΪδޡͳᡣʲô˵һܲ㣿
˲٣㣬öһִ
ڰ˵ͬ˷ޣǽ䱸ġεֻ⡣
ϣ
޳ӵſŶԷıúܽһг
㾲ӵҲָƽˣŵúᣬڣ翵ġ
Ϊοޣʹ𣿡
ſɣֺ񱻻ˣأû°ɡͿ˵û⣬˲Եġ
ſ󣬰Ҳûд˳ƿţľ
:㵽һ档
⡣
ڹԼˣǿʵģŵġ֪֪ȤͬԼ̽ɻ󣬱˴˹ġｲŵԣǵĶǹټС㣬ߴδ޸̻
ԼѡģԽܡǰҲ͵͵ŮڽϴЦͬѽ̸⣬Լŵض㵽̯λ档
׵֪ԷϲԼԸȢԼڶΪǸֻ֪ǮơƤҲ֮ˣͶԼֿϧ
оˮ︡ûаϵİĸУᣬã
˵ʲôءĶףͬ﾿£
ůɫƻȻְĶ󣬿ƽձסĵطһ״ĵӡǡḧȥףʲô̥ôͦ¡
顰žؽִվ÷˿ס񣬡˰̰ˡ
赭дҹ:Ǳͬ˵˼£ʱȻ뵽ԸӦŵˤҵĲǡ
ʱҪдˣߡ
ŽɣûʣߣԼпտգ鶨ȻҲǡ
շȷĹ˵ʲôǵʧأٴģֻȥ
֮˵Ǳġ

ҪߣЦе:ѽãҲգ游ֻһ죬ҵû¶ܿáϰɴȥֺġ
ŲšΣܾΪ˰ˣ⺢Ӷġ
˵װͰ:ϽͳţܿûжԲסĵط
ɨŮ߾ĳλɸľͷƵģúܡ
˵ʲôȥͲˡܹ˼ԼԺˤ񶶶ӣǰͷ߰ɡ
ûǰĻԾر𰲷ֹ֣
㡭

绹ģƮѩˡ
һƬѩڣӣֽŵ:
˵ˣǵýŻʧֽƵ⻰û߱ãҲûֻǸԸңתɺã
ԼˤƵģ˵ŵ󡭡
˵ǵʣ쵽ſˣƳſͣŵͣס
ıͷ÷죬ָ:˵Щǵ顣
ǣ˵˰׼ҵ£ӣһࡣ
Էɵĸ˽ⲻΪδ˽⡣
ɻһżȻĻᣬŴĸǶ֪ǰ׼ҷ¶׼Ҽأ׼ֲʣһӣμҡ
ἰ׼ң鲻ôӦѶԷ᷿ʱ۽Ϊ޾˷죬۾Щס
͸ƵģĽ䣬ϱӵķǷҲأ
֣ᴷԼԴ:ʱӵķӦû죬˵һЩǽ﷢£ҹô޵ǣֻǺ桭
ı棬ִһ㵣:Ͼ̼֮ңʽܷӦôײĸҲ֪ʣ϶ˡ
һ˱ۣ˵ʲôôɶԷֲ֪顣
ͬףųȥϢף֪ܲҲ
֪أӱĵطıǷǹΪһʱ֮䣬֪ԼǷӦ
ңҿ̫ˣǹı򡣡Сʱһ
ϳɣҲʻ䣬Ժçײ
űЩ˱ãǰһ㣬һŮȵȥδס׺ķңͬ١
Ҳˣ⵽ǰߣ˵ݺġ仰羪ڵը죬Ըţֺʵ
ʱһԼеСɾ͵Դұ֮»δ̽ʵȰ
ԷԹϳȺƼʻԶǿ²
Σǵȥοɡ˭˵Ų⣬Ͼסƫ
ӲǶп˯˽á˵
ʲôյģֻ֪ÿΰ˵ҪԼţͻһЩҲΪˣ˸Ǻֻ
ӣҪĲǵһ侲Ϊ뵽ֵĵطȥԼľѵóõİ취ǶģǷա
Ը⣬ֲǿǰŶ롣
Ϊҹ룬Ӧҽȥгײ÷ַ˯ģ
ðɣйһǰơεؼƣ鿪ʼࡣ
ûܰĵˣҲһСˡ鲻ãȻһô죬Ͻҽȥ
ģÿֻӵķԸڿջŽȥһ㣬ŹңͬСúãմӦ:ȥɲͬӳܰ
ᳳܣⱲӶٳ
ȥ󣬹ڴǰµ˾
񣬷·֮С֪ʱʼǹִƿţߵԼߡ                        
лҪ˵Ͻյĸ~

8

봰̫Щ:ͷ绹Щģķ纮źûáǰֻʣȡ
鲻ãЪϢɡһο
ǰˣִʱִ˱ܾ׼
ҲǣҪ󱻹ֻᱻ˵Լط˰ɣ
˭֪ЦӦˣһѣ:Ķ˯УҾǹ㣬ҵ˵Ļϡ˳Ŵ
ˣ˵ҪǸβӦ˵飬ŪôҶ졣
ɵһ˿ֵ:ȥǰɣһλúչ㡣
Ŀ
ǣʲôֽǣ
ԼĶŵĸȥʱ򣬼ΪһáĸڳϽύĺǣûһԸǰԶԶܿ
ЩٳϵĽЩģҲΪδӦԭ֮һ
ת䣬Ϊ֪Щ²ŴԼô
ҲҪһĨ졣
֪Լ̵˷ɵĺδ˵ôһ
ѵõĺƢϵĲһȲ裬˫ֵݸ飬ȻЩθɣȢˡ
˵ȥ˵ֵóЩϴϴ˯ɣҲڵġ
˵Էˣǽһί˵ʲôҶؿշҿůѡ̾
һŮڳ׺󲻶Ҫŷͬ𣬿ûǿȹԼ
ϴ󣬰һ˫ԲѲͬһãֲ˼˵
˶ɺ֮ĵ:Ҫź򣿡
ȿȿȡ
ôҲȥ¥ˣ˲붮һʱǺɤӣʹҡͷԼʱ˵ҪźˣڷԼ
󰡣
֪ûõĵزԣ֮ͬ²ϣ齫ԼʱϲõģǴķ
㲻ضҲȥ£ֻҽı֣Ҿͬúùӡֻ£ܹ˵ϲ֮Ҳͬҷһ˵С
𴰻ûأѹָűҲЩ⡣ȥϣȴ§ס
ȥɲԼȥӱ㱻Щ
ӴҲȥЩ
ķӦͷǸ˵ģԼǿë׵ԴĪöԷһֻС
ڳ̵æµ
˺ãӴȻ֮쵽أϡһźÿգſһЦЩɾκƼĳС
ڵﶼǻˡ
һϣҲڿҪҪӼĻú顣ʱʱվƿżͻ٩һ䡣
֪˵ʲôҾǺúõ⡣
ͬҷɽչˣ໰òУҲҪʶ
ҿĿˣЩɾ֮⣬вŮӡ˼Ҷġôҷɻģ
⻰С͸飬һֱûѡãææȥˡ
֬ˮۣǴϲģóԵĵģʱҲȱ·ϸ˵
ѡѡ˺þáмϣСһ۾Ϳǰ޻ŶƵѩá
ֻӺ۾ë޵ģɪһֻȶʹţͦ
ʱڼҲûʲô֪ĺѣֻ˵˵ɡ
Ρͦýӽʵɰ
Ǯӱ뻳У˳ˣĶ΢΢˶·͵

ӺͷһϲĲ飬⣬Űײգۣе:ӹӣɣ
Ҫ򡣡ⰭԼͬɶ
Ŷ򡣡ͷֿʼӡ
ӵݹȥ:Ҫô
㶼䣬ϱһֻӲҶ
ůһСıʧȥ
ң˵ġ
ԾԾԣЩӡԼǰҲè˳Ĺ㣬ûܻӦǲʺġ
ǡǡ෴СͰһϲһϲǸḻؿ:£ôһ
ͬ׽ֶΪԼ̫ˡ
ֻѩã֮￴ϰֵʱ٣Ϊӡ
ֻѩûС˯ÿů֮գ͵ðԺɹ̫
Ҳ֪Լ͵úòãΪֻѩ÷˷ɵעͿϺõޣϣʱȥιͼͬദĻᡣ
䣬˺ĸɲݣѷڻ踽ܳˣֲ̫С㶨һӣرϸġ
ⲻͦôһ죬ܽתƵϾ͸ˡ
һԿʵЩڵģѧ˺֪ܶʶвѯá
Сʵڿɰ̲ס׵ëȻ¶ǳǳЦݣӣ
򲻺ãѩС
֪ǲݲʣõˮ⣬һպȻˣûоſſڽ䣬Щӡ
δţһӰҴҷɳһͷײϽסԭǰ飬лһֻá
üĿ価޴뽹:ǲֽˣ
š쿴һкǲôݲ̽һ:䣬Щ˴̼һ⡣
ʱῪϾŲãͨ͸պ䣬ûдӳšݺˮû⣬вǱˡ
ϸãʱŲůңɥһԡòʱգҲǰ¶ˡ
Ǻ¡ƽ:ɵվţҲСģʱû£˵ˡ
黹̫ݣҲϳЩ⣬һ˫ƯӺġطſ֣·紵ܵ
Ҳܹ
Ǵǰڰ׼ɵĿζմȾнϲ嵭ʳ
ƫʳζ嵭ʳζȾǲ࣬Ե٣ʳﶼӪҲֲ˶١
ǰݡ
ûǰֿţʮҪһۡ
Ҽ֪˳ԲԸЩ嵭ˡҪ˵䡰ô󡱵Ļǰæͣʵϼ͡
°ʳ֪ζűϾԼķɣȥ˸ĳӣ¶
Ⱳȡǰѵһʼ㽫áؽרʳĳӣÿջҪ
ͬĸһͬԷʱҪԼĸ˵˶Ϊ׼ĲȡŮҼŮ۷ɣΪг
ʱʳɲУ㰾кȣ
ĵĻů
ԹԵͷЦдЩɬ:Լãӡ
ţǼˡ
Ц˵ңʲôʲôֲֿ㲻ģұǡ
ֿô                        
лҪ˵Ƹ֮ʵСƵġ

9


ɫֿʼ㱣ǰ˻:飿
񣬵ЦǱˡ
ͷȻһ:飬տɳŹ
Ƴ뿪ȥջǴ֮⣬ɾʹδš
˵ӽƣܾýɾڼﲻãͰŹôҲż·
ţ黹δ˼ڰ׼ҾͲš
︸׽̵:δɾӦڼңܵϷܣôɴİŮӽ̸ټҹӸǲͷ¶棬⻵
Щ̫̫鷳ԲȥҲ徲
ǣ߹Զ·
ҡͷ:ΪҪ⣬ȥкҪ
ǣž:УҴȥ棡
ʲôô£࿴ѧϰ£ȥ棿
Щڶߣûۡ
֪ʱģվԡԼŮ˵Ļȴɰ飬ֵؿŶԷ
ѵǡ
ͣ߷ɾȻ
ܸоصϱӡ
ÿͬһҪʲôֻҪͬ⣬ͿʼַûйܺԼ£ܻϴ
ӽ飬ͷֻܿīһؽ覵ĲĽëڸסɫ
ѧĶҲѧȥûӦأǲˡҲǣǸء
Ůɫ֪ˣŻȰ:ǲȥ⼸Ҫ¡棬ȿʱȥ
֪뷨ֻûùŮ
ʲôҪ£񲻽⣬һԼ棬Ҳͳ˿ʼ
ڻҪ룿
ϻɻ죬ﲻǺ̸㻹˵طҪӴŽ˵ϸ
˲һŮ˵Ӱгһ
֪ˡеղŴˡȥհ֡
Ϊӵ£黹ûȫá¹̬ȵĲͬԣҪȥʱǰս䣬Եľܾ
Ȼ֪ǰԣһ۴İ飬̾:ѽˣҾ˳һ˵ֲ㡣ˣǸ˰ɣ
ûһġҲ϶ҵЩɶֲ
뿪ڵɸǰҪơԷǲ㡣
ʵڶ㲻Ȼ̧ͷ¶Сͷӡ
غҵˣǸ
˫ٵĺۣŬԲһЩͷ:ôѹȥ̸̸ǲ˽㡣
ţͷһᡣ
֪ںԼΪԷĺ壬Щί
áͷƫһߣѵԡ
˵ҲǣԼĴͱϣⲻԼܣ
ỹۿת⻰ἤˡ
࣬Щ:Σ⣬ۣûеңܣ
ͷƽȵߣЩ
һ䵽۽ǣӨģ̵ġ
ޡ
ЩţôͰѷǿˡղŲں壬ĶˣָʲôûеţһŰ
λεѩ죬ɵڹиˮͽҧ´ıĶҪˡ
ԴԼϲ飬ͲԷٿڷǰǴʹޣʹԼ
ˣܰŪޣǰİǿòС
ƺÿˣס˱ָ촫:̫죬Ҳš
ָľǳǼ죬ͺӵ̬ȡ
ãذԼӽȥˣôˣҲ̸ΪѾƽϹȥ˭֪
ȥԼݺϼơ
߷ɣǰµԼһΡڵˣڸˡ
Ȼ˵˵ˣΪԼжΣ¡
ǰհ侲ȣ·𶼲ˡԼеشԷĴĵطš
˲ˣպ󶼲䡣֮ǰӲѣȻҰ£ЩƢ˰Ҳͦϲġ
Ͻģȥ:۾ˡ
һ٣¶ʵ:ϲңȻ˵Ĳ֪ΪЩ졣
ϲϲûʲôεıҪ

ַֽԼؿ:ǰȥջǼ죬˼ȥǲþͬ㳳գ
㿪ģΪ⣬Ż
ʵڶͬɵĥУĿԼ⡣
룬һʼϲ飬һǲǲͬ
˴һõĿʼ
鲢СɵͣپֻԼͷ
ǰ˱סᵽԷϵ:飬ҸղŲǹ㡣ֻԺ㲻ҪäĿϴأȥ

ѹˣòãô

´ε˿Уٴȥ棿ȻûаȫУ͵Ϥȥ߿Ǻܺõѡ
šڻͷԵòС
Ȼ֪˰Լ⣬ûбƶԷҲԼĸܡ
ɿԼų׽˳ֻСè˵һСԼиоģûдĨɬ
˾㱧ţ֪жá
С㡭ѽͿʱ˵س֡
񣬿ǰһĻ˶Ϊ̫ͨˤ
ˤľϵ̫죬ε˳ĨĨᣬȾһ糺:ңȥӡ漴Ҵȥ
ͿҺ¡ջɵߣʰͿ:ôˣððʧʧġ
ͿٺЦţȶԼС˸Ĵָ:ȥ͡

ˣǸŮ˵ӦԼ̸⡣
죬Щÿ·ҿɲܱ˱ȥ
Ϊͬ˱ȣ
ͿʣĬĬȥ·
ҳȥ洩ģ̫ҲУ̫
ѡѡðŸ㶨˵һׯִ·ʶͬˡ
üͭǰԼãǿ⡣ų
տżǰԼǸŮӣݵվñֱֲԵþнС˴
ߡûס
ҼŮģԭ򡣿ţȴʧ͵ý:ڲŵˡ
㣬ʵغĴԼЦԼ:Сÿ¡
λŮһڲ裬Ƹϲǡòضͷ:Сˡ
ڳ漴ʧȡԷȫҪǳԲѷɲԵԼ
ʲôˣ˵
СǷ֮ˣʧʧ񡣡
װţ˭Ƶġ
лҪ˵տʼദʱ򣬶ᷢСìܣûϵֻҪ˴ԸȥĥϣȥݣССĵζ~
ˣ19һ죬ףԪ~µһ˳˳

10


СĶţݣǳǳЦ⡣
ĵеҡСޡ
ͷԼ裬Щȥ׻Ҳ˵
װʲôأӣ䣿
СʶС㣿ϵλҼ˿ԼĺøУÿ󱲵ĴĿⶢŶԷ
ҼУλСɲˡ
Ϊ֪ˣǲ̵һֺšׯҡ֪˽ʮˣڣׯⶼȥ̸ʮоŴ̸˵ġ
Էǲ̣ͬԼ·εûгͻζԷƳһΪͷ棬̸²Ҽ򶯡
ҡҡͷ֪ʲô޷ǾϣԼ֪˽ύѧϰԷĳ
Լ̸֪ͬĿյĸ첲ʵ:СΣ
֪˵ķһۣҲѧ:ͦõģСͷԡ塣
Ȼˣ֪ڴУǷǳŮӡ
¿еĲ裬΢࣬ڳ㡣
С͵ģϲЦ
ؿα:ô㲻ζ㣬Щ壿
˶˵ׯ̻ȴǸ֮ˣºµõ
ǰûڻ¥֪ˣҲΪ
ǵãСԺߡ
֪ͬһСڽ佻̸ᵽʲôû⣬ȥ
˼գСľȻˣ˵ʱС̸ʱ֪ͬûйϵ
ƾ㣬񲻻ôԷϾֻĲ룬һǸɨǰѩ
֪˲Լǳףϣž˵ĵĻ
СķɿǼƷ˵Ǿǹģɬһ죬˼֪ͬʱζΣ
ɫ֪˲ԼЦŵ٩СǶԼҷɵ죬һ˿ơ
˲ըˣһƬհףֻصŶԷ仰
ȥСģ֪⻰ͬȾȻͬСȣ֮⣬Լķй
Ǽͬսܵ⻰бƵķŭΪɱ裬ҲΪ˹ϵ˻ɡ
֪ˣ˵ԷȴˣȭѪ˿
ﷴׯԼ˼ҷ˽ա
֪һȵģõ˸ߵ˵ǰԵŮ  û֤ݣַͬĹϵӲ

ס豭źۼصɶ֪ˣʱ䶼
Ϊˣͬɱ˴˵Ҳһްɴ
˿ɶˣϲ֪˲Ź֡
ԼǰͬԩƵķ޹ϵгС˵֪˲СˣС˸
֪˵΢ЦǵȻȴʧģԼһۣǵЦȥָ֡
СƲϲңĳһΪΣ
ֱ˵ѯʹҼ֪˸͡ǹ䣬лֱ˵ı֡
СŮһӣСˡϾ۰СŮҼһ߽͵һʾ
ƤЦⲻЦ֪ˣֻ˻:ǰС˲²⣬˰ɣ
Ǻǡ֪˲ٶԣûо⡣
濴ƺгʵӿ̸֪ȥ:ͬ
Ҽһ:ôⲻɣ
ǵǡǵã֪ͬ˺ΣԼҲ˲١뿴֪߶ûš
˵ʲôãҼһļ
ʵʵ꣬úѧ㿴̤ʵ־
ǿǰͷŮҼĿǣҲǳġ
صԼԺӣսݣһѽǰķ§ס
һӵѹûӦ
ȵ񱧵ԽԽü۵:ôˡ
Ҳ
ʶŪˣʱʮΡſɣĸ첲:Ǹһʱ
μ
齫һĨƽŻԭŤͷɫƽɻ
ϲ飬֪ġ
ڰǰǸģֺõתƻ:ҽ˸ܣͷ㰮鼮ɺã
Ҫ鷿ã뷨ãҲ顣
Щֹ˼:⡭̫ðɡ
и鷿ģԽڰ׼ʱһֱԼ俴
߲ã鷿Ȼʡ
:ûʲôõģȥû֪
㱻֪ΣɣԸ⣬Ҫ˵
л
ŨܵĽë˲Դ֪ϲԼܶԷĺҲȻࡣ
ɻϲӦͬϲ֪ĶŵָԺ
Ŭɢеݣ˵ɥʰ:ӶϲʲôŮӣ
òϣ֪òף̸ţģǳıׯҡ׿ӵƷԲ̸ǱԼǿġ
ĳ֪˸ʤһ˵秵Ļ
ԣٷֻиСͷ
鲻֪롣⣬˼һ:Ӧϲ㣬ϽרһŮӰɡ
ָͷȤ:ʲô
һŤͷһͰ͵ģŰ飬ŵ
һŬϽģҲ㸺𣬾ȢСֻ̣ᡣ
ǣ㡭ٵȵȡ
ЦΣɴ⣬Ǯе˵Լˡ
ڻ̫ȣʱֻ෢ɡ
ûĻѸٴϲգ·ϼӳӣǳǳɫۡ
˵ΪԼϲŮô
ΪԼһ仰֣صسŵΪԼøá
ǸжġŲ˵УӶ΢䣬ǲƵ˵ĻҲϲ̵ġ
ˣͦá
ô㲻˵
顣ƴϸּɬһ˫Լеůһ˵
÷ɱɾÿ
ڵķ۵Ĵ֬
ʱȴ滨ģԼʱ˱ıա
ʲôġ
ɫ
Уһ䳤ڰѩɽϵıѩΪȺ쳾֮С
¶ڻ۵ĿҪߢ
ðЩڣɿƿĿ:Ҿ˵˵ÿӵ˶ͬԼá
ߵǰͬһĸ߶ȡ
ѹ:ܹô
ҵĻ˿ǻϲ
һߣϲ
֪ˡ
߳ŭһѣþ̫
˵Ҫͬһµ⣬Ҷ㿴˱Ͽȥ
ٶҪ˶ˣ֪ƤֻЩź
Ȼһֱű̫ɲ֪ʱ˵ϲԼĻﰡȻЩȲ
ϵ⣬Źˣڴǰ
񱼵£˺ۣЦý:˵㣬°빦ҿ˱ˣɲΪĥīô
˭֪鿴ҲػӦ:¥үǶȻ⣬ղȻȥѰǣ
˲ˣʵͦã徲
Ҫˣ
˵ûкĸ¥ǣ壬ȥ¥ǲɷϵġ
ǰԼĪ顣
£ڣ̽̽ȥˡͷ𿪴̫á
ѩĽŲǳǳ𽥱С
ӣҪĵ֪˶ãȵţž
һѩⳢ˳
򴽣漴⣬СЩȥ
ϵ⻹δʣ鶢Ÿ㣬ǰĳӰ
ԼǷϲڵ˺ܾúܾá
лҪ˵ջһ~

11

᾵֦ڷҡص˪ѩ
䣬ÿնֵģΪӭ׼
ҳ̣ÿһˣλ毺õŮſڣɫûɡ
ĻƼСǰ̾ɵú:ڳ£
£
üģЩ˳:֪ˣ
֪˵ıׯͬҾӪӺ¿ʽͷ档
ӹ⼸ͷģȥׯЩڱׯ˲裬ҲͬЩӡ
ͬׯֻǴԴһҪʵʩȡ棬ҼŮǵһο顣
æ˳̵£ͬһ⣬֪ͬ˴򽻵ʳɲףÿնôʱעԷе塣Ūһƣ
ͿƣӻؼңֻŲء
·ĵ̣պһŴĸ㣬ͳһƱ:ͿȥһˣԼȥ
Ѿ첽߽ڣѸɨЩ۷۰װ׵ĵġЩʳԼǸ㳤ʲôģĵƷ̫࣬޴ѡ
ƹ˵:ĵÿһ
Ϳں⻰ҪðˣϽֹԼС:вУʹá
̵ƹԭĻŭţ״Ҳö˵һϧ
С㰡ôȥҲԲš
ͿС㽫ӻؼңֳδʱĵλֹΪ˷ѣӰСͬĸ顣
ֻۣԻЩٶۡѾѣȻ:Ҳԣ࣬Ҫ˵һǮˮ
ȷ:ˣֱͳȥӣ򣬴Ӳ˼ɡ
Ȣ˷ɱҪƣŬĵԼĲ㡣
оһԲС˹ƽְɫǺȻţˣѯƹġ
ƹԺã֮Ĵ࣬ѩ⡣
ͿҪӹȴܾˡ
ֵߵ߶ߣֽУʲôϡ
ˣСպ²ǸϰɣС˵Բ÷Լͷϣһ޸١Ļ
ıӰͿ鸴ӡ
˵Ŵ޸ٵС㣬һ

ظȥ㱨ϵ¡
СԺ˵Ƴʱ䣬ͬһԡ
ͰͿſֹ軨ӵֲԾͣ¡
Ƕ˲ǻ಻Ըôſɲ
˰죬˰죬۾΢ۡ
ȰͿ뿪ֱйصЦЦȾ˺ܶࡣ
㾿ЦʲôһֱͣŪԼֺ档
ⲻ˵:СԸ˵
ͿûԶءǰ˹ӣպȤ¡ҹӲ˷Լ
ۼ鵽ԺţתͷŰĴ׻:ءڳС㿴
Ʋ:ھǣǿûʲôʲôɰ˿鷳
ĸĸΪֻһӣԭǴŶϱġһжҪأ׼ҼͨͨѧóЩ
ǧߵĹӣȻҪߡڴСź飬Щᡣ
˵:λͺˡ
λָĽ÷Ϻϡ޵Һż졣
У֪ճȻǶӿ飬ø˵˺óĻ
ϼҾãܼ޽ȫ졣ʱԵ÷ҪȢؼңʱʱȥǶڡ
ʱҲ
÷ɲУۼÿǼıǱ֪£·ɰ˵Ǹ԰ʳġ
Ű֣Ӵƣְ֪ۡŵĹӡֽ˵ĺɰ˻Цġ
÷ϵļ磬÷̵ͷǰ·Ƶġ
λ˵ʼԸȥߺͻӣһڴߡ
ⷬС˵Դ:񡣡
ɵϣʲôʲôãѧҲֻΪǾ䡰ɰˡ
ǡʱš
ŶͷίͰͣЦ:ˣ
ʲôС֡ίˣ񣬽ű״
С㣬ֱ˺Щء
ģϽǣǰꡣϸۣȵȣôࣿ
һ:룬ҼǵԺû롣
ɽͺЩ
ˣûҲȷȷʵʵͻݳּҡɶ˵顰¡ЩЦ
Ժ飬ٻԴãﶼаţҪģҲûʲôôô͹ˣ
ۼҲȱǮ봩ʲôʲôÿ궼רŶҪࣿ۵ؿǼۣ֪˶ٵѪ
ִָȺġΪҧһ´ȥ
¡
֪ġòߵӸǺã뽫½ҹ
ⷽŵЦݣΪ˵գ:·ϿʲôͿ⣬СֵòС
ŷֻлѩ⡣ŰͿѾͷ˵ԼţȲᡣ
ൽǰ:Ǻ
ѹţϱһء֪Լģӹֽ߬Ųš
һ㣿˾Ȼ
⻰ô˵óڣ֣ˣ԰ɡ
ʵǾģ㣬ϲ
ĻŵϣѸٴ򿪣鳢ƹ˵յѩһЩζ
ô˳ӵҧһڣġ
һġ
һô᣿ʧˣƹƭûԼ
͡
ɵ̿΢䣬յĸ𡣡
Ĳֹǵġ
û뵽ҲῪЦԷϸؽá˶ã㿴˶á
鶯꣬ǰȴŤֱ䡣Ǿ˶ίĮɵأ
ҲмˣֻŴɸЩȴ̽Ѱࡣ                        
лҪ˵·~ո o(*RQ)

12

ø㣬˰Ϸʳ
һ࣬˵ǰûһˡ
˽СһЩ񰮳ԵĲȡ
˭֪ջҪȥ
뵽˻ǼɢʱǷҴҪߡ
ҲˣԱáô뿪ʱûзַϰɫ
˵סԺʱѡҪѡţͷо:˭Ͷ̥أ
ң
ʱ˵ˣŴ򿪡ѣﻹŭ᲻СŮƵ:ʲôŲˣɳ˷
ŹؽǵЦ:ʲôҪ˵ŭ𳹵ɢ
СŮΪŮԼĸǡ
˵Ҳ֣һ̥ʱرɣȫûкϲȷӦ
ʱҼͷһã޹ֹ޼£ͬĹϵʮֽӲͬҼʱεϲ
֪˵̥Ҽ˷ɵĺãö˹ϵת⵽ߣᡣعںãص͵ӡҼǿҪŮȡΪ񡱡
ۼǲʲôұʵ
ɴ˫ۣЩ:ô֪˭ͬ˵ģ
ⷴӦ˼ȷʵдұ
:˭˵ͱˣ˵ʲôɡüͷúܽŪҲ̬ȶ
һ´:㣬ԭҺǴȵöк֮˵ġ
Ŷɫ䣬ǰ֪Ϊͬһֱûкӡ
游µģһЩϵ̵ĺˣмŵ
赭дĻ·һʯͷˡˮ:˵ʲô
ʱͬйϵ
촽Щ飬Ҽô
ǻʲôΪβ⣿һеֻ̻ǰ
෢۵Ķ䣬Ӵôʲô
˵游ʱķʷ
游Ǿ̵ĶӡĸǽΪúãͷԣɲͱ游ô̯֡
Ȼ游㲻˼Ȱ裬˵ǣŮӣױǴұ
Щ飬ĸĸδǽãΪ뿴ΪνĴұᡣ
ˣ˵ˣ˰ɡҿɸ㰡𵽴ȵǶкˣһһݡ
Ҫ·أʼˣϽȥϢܡ
£뿪

⻹ǰǸô
ѩɵĽëϣʪ۽ޡ
ĨȥƤϵˮ飬ʱľƣ
ɲôڳ˰죬̸æ죬Ժ
ڻԼԺӵ·ϣ߲ˡ
ǰ鱻͵ԣҪ٣ʱˮǰ˵ġ
϶Ǯơ
ϱͬɳֲݣɶԷƷǱȽ˽⡣
·ĸĺӡʳؤǲģһҪ˼ͥԼִŻǮ˵϶ͭζ
г⡣
֪ɲͨˮԣȷʵˮȥȣΪ˵͵ԣ
ŬҪ飬ͬúùӡ
˾ǵĳӣϲĵģܣڵǰ˵ĺû
Щ
ҵĴ𰸡
С㣿ããǰ˳
ǰͿ
ԭЩˣҪ£ĬĬ˷ʳһݡ
ҵȲ˻춼ˣаͿѰ
Ϳľͷ׮ƵվѩУϱѩһ㡣ѩǷʲôȥɣ𶳻ˡ
ǰȥɡһ߰ɡ
ͷվ˺һ󣬼֮æµһβ
ԺӣûţҪѰŵòᣬ£˵Ƿ纮
ڴϣ﷢࣬ûθڡ
ôҪЩ
鲻֪ȥ˺£ʣͬʱʢ˰͵ߡ
һ˿˿Թ:ҵĲպãôֵˡͿ˵ѩվͷ
ʵڲԣֻ÷롣
ĶͷãЩ̣ڲˡ
Ƽĵģ񵹲ˡָ뿪㽫ס
ԳǷȣᣬë
û񣬡Ҫô죿ִԡ
һؽ
ģϴȾ纮öͷģܣ֪Ƿзȡ
𣿴ûѧ֪ⷽʶΪ档
ȷʵϸЩ쿴ʱҲ˲ɬͷſ񴲱ߣԼĶͷġ
µģ֪ͬ̽һ룬㷢ССЦ
ԭǱƭˡʱԼҪ
ȴԼͬľ룬ܽܽ
ŮӣĽëҲֻܳǲ̣ס˫ۣԼʱʱ·ͣ͡
סˣ·ֻѩܵԼ
ֱͦııǼһ˫Ŀӣڶʱ컵Ϣ
峺ɾˮ޴롣ƵĴϡ
ڳʳչ˵ñȽϾģļӰۣ԰׵ĴҲѪɫ
üĿ续꣬ɫǵķۣȥġ
顣Լ˵ܲһ㣿                        
лҪ˵:Ųף߾ӡ

13

˽ߣڣ˴˵Ĵֻʣһָľ룬
Ҫױסʣοڡ
ĵͷ̱㱻뷨ס
ﺬЦϵĲ֮з·ࡣҪӣ˳ȥŴ۵ĴԷγѰܿ
ȻڲУɹܡ
:ĪϣȾһη纮ʱǾͶɴϣ㿴ңҿ㡣
Ҫǿɲף֪õʱ
סؿڣ˻һ·
ӴιؿƣͷҲۡߺţ̧ϵı飬ʱʱԼ
ϧϷò㡣
ɫεؿɵòе̾һ
öжΪԷʶԼαװЩź
ͣ˺סͷѣ볶ǸһֺõЦ
˭֪ԷһСżƷֽ󲻽Ŀ£ӡĴϡ
˵ɾµǰŴ
ǲ㱡ûеֽţۣԴɬ
㲻ֱӴҲͨĦ/ɵĴΡ
ȥҪҪ̼
ûǻַʽ÷ɼֱҲʼȣĶ·ˮС
һ֡
Ϊǹټҹӵδ˳¡
룬ЩԼḡ
ʵֻһӡݴйƬҶմ¥Сĵֶûǣ
ǰڴģƽҲԼҲͬʱ鵽Ũ°һǡ
պҲ
úˣθںˣסɵ:ãһ£
һξ͹ˣôߵ¶࣬ڿܳˣ
ܣҳԻҲԸ⡣ֺǺЦţɵǲֱӡ
ȻҲܵõԴ
ƮƮһСٶʵͱġ
ճտʢһҪιԼ飬ԷʱЩۡ
ٷʱʲô߻ˣҲȱ
ûӦ仰ֻʣһСڵķ:˷ѡһС࣬
˷״̬úܶ࣬˹յᡣ
ۣ:Ҵȥ棬ɺã
ȥĵضΣȥڶҲʤյҹ
᣿˵һ졣ҪԼȥ
ǺٳšԼǴŶ򣬴æŴĶӣû
һգʡ
ţһա㣬󡣡

ָвźۼض˶

һϲ
գͷһÿΡ
ų˰Լεꡣ
ղҪ֪ͬƳ¿¡
öԷеûܵεꡣ
áʱ䣬εʦΪ鶨һֻӡ
Ҫõ䣬ɫ̫͸˵һѵ
ʦһλѾ׶ӡСģһ˿Ľ:ҷɿи
˱áϱӵԼĲ˵ˡЩԼǷΪҸ
ҲҸ
ϲã϶ҪǶһȦ𡣵ǸģӴڷѩ׵ϣϽҡͷС˼:ǰô
ǸŵɾǴʺ
Ȼ˵סεʦߣüͱᷳ
ù
֪ʲôëıׯȲ裬Ҽꡣ
˸:С㣬пգкιɰǿ׼ĹУʲôҪҪ̸
֪ʼղ֪λСԼķдӺζȫº֪
ʵһʼ
ǽ֪λС㣬ϴغ϶ţȴûʲô£й䡣
ͬҼ̸⣬Ϊ˱ʾ֣أŽաҪ˴򿪴ţЦ:ǸС
⣬ǾȵġԷͬԼһһʱ˵ĻλСĿ࿴
ԲܾţλСˡ£֮ġ
֪ҡҡӣǵ񸹷̡Ȼǲ֪ġ
͸ɵģļ£֪˻û顣
˼ҸɫܲܺǿӦ:ǰ
λϧӡǶȻɫϼѡ֪һ
Īģķ˵뷨ǺһЦ:ء
Է˲̧ͷݺݵģ۾Щ죬֪﷢
սȭͷ:ƾʲô
һ˭ܴ⣡
лҪ˵: ףɵ㶵Ǵվͷǿ~

14

һʱ䣬ЩΡ
֪ԭº΢ЦⷬʣЦ͡
ȣԺ:ǿ׻Сα˴ӦΪĵѵ:ǰաƢպϿ׳Կġ
һŮӣ˭ᵽǰ˵Էķɣ
֪ͬ硣
̸ͬȻǺͺģ뵽ǰϯϣԼ飬֪֪˵ıԡ
ˣСࡣ֪ͬ˾Ǻιϵʲô໹ûֻҪŪף֪۶ӣ
ҲһЦ:鷳á֪߲úͷԡ
źظԺСӵؿ
߿
ֻһӣǱǴĶţչ
Ŀǰ˵ΨһӣȽϧôˣ
ҲͦϲǺӣԲĴ۾ϻۿɰֶӿЩ̣Ͻߡ
߽ˣǿ
һŻԵǰ棬ߣŵְһһµشΧһȦ˶Ȱ裬˭Ҳǰ
ϸһ٣Ҳڡ
ΧԵ½ǣɫס
ȻʱҲĸɿСС˶޵С壬ͨ죬Ҳž
һμšųʱû£÷ŶὫš
ڸһ˵һ㲻ڣֻĨᣬǰס⳶סӡ
ΪСźСˣȿǵԼҹӡ˶Ȱסսŵ·ɣ˻Ǻޡ
жһˮȴΪסͷ
ҵƵģе:ŹӻСˣ
ˮζ֣ȺУһ·ǰﺰ:ʲô
ʵҲûöӲܾ꣬סʲôʹϵߣű
ء
űСùñţһǻίӿø§Ĳӣҭҭᡣ
ӣʲôֵô󶯸ɸꣿ
һģֶӵСԴݵС
ﶼǻ𣬴ҲЩȣͣԼȷ硣ָţ⺢Ӷ˵ʲô
÷ϱŶӣʱк:Ŷ֮ͯ޼ɡͱ𡭡
žԱ߻ߵЦͯ޼ɣһͯ޼ɡ˵ôҽ游ˣ
֮ǻĶģǲڱңɵ÷ϡ
ŶҲ˵游ϲŮҳˣҪҼ޸˻ӡĺĻ
ԽԽˣҲҲҵġԼӺϲ޷ŵУԼġ
ôް
ͷ۵òСΧŵҳԱУһŮӣòȰ
ôһ֣Ҳȥ׼Ŷ˵⻰ǵˣܲ˰ѺӴһ١
ôŶԺȥˣЩΧŵĴ඼Сˡˣɢȥɡ
ҲǸƢ̾Сģúϵġ
Ҫȥο£һ𡭡
黹ûء
ⳡ粨ƽϢһ
ƼеͷʾԷ:ͻȥˡ
ԭЩظɴһŰͣ
ҡ

ҹɫŨӰ뿪ⴵĴܡ
űߵСϣԭ˯ˣѡ
۾:С㻹û
ǰȻҲ⣬߿𣬱ߵȡǰһĻǡȲ裬һڣС:ãΪŶԹ˵Щ
ȷϲŮӻ˵ҪӣһŮܿ˶ӣ۰ֻż߶
˵ġȥӡֹ˭ģԴֻųЩ̺ܽ˵⻰
ڤ˼һͬ:Ҳ֪
ҵȣڻˡ
ƼϲЦֿʼ:Ұ
˭㡣صһۡ
ȥ˯ɣСȥӵݸ
ͻݣҷͻݡ
ϱĸо٣ůůġһ䡰зˣ󡱣ɵ:¶ˣ
˭Ŷ˵Ļû
ڵԹŷɡ
ûеĿߣִһŶͷЩ:ʵɣͦӵģҲС
ǰìܺ£ǵú֪֮£Ƿ
ΪһֱûкӣȻϲ˵˿ģʱҲϧŮϥ¡ö򽹼ˡ
ͬŶദʱЩᣬֹ˼䣬˭֪
Ժδ飬ҪŮǴ˵ˣóҹ͡¡һ
ϵɭɭģֻĸ游ơȻ§סԼҷɣɲҲܷۡ
ҲܷڻУƵģǡ
:ңҲС᲻Ҳɶǰ㣿
ҲŮôǰδܹլ֮£ԷˣȻϣլ
ͷû˵ʲô
ѽ䱻ǿ⺰ۣɸң·쿴ÿɺݣӡˡ
Ϊһֱĳ磬ûеȵشĵǣһǡ
ͷϣһƤĴ߷ߵ:ұǣ
⻰Ŀɿڴ
лҪ˵Ļ:
ô˵ǲǲҪңѵҪȢã
ߣŮ˹ȻǴӡ
ݺ񡤡ͼ
лСʹ͵ӪҺ~

15

ͬ黹Ķ򱻷ĺԼо
ôת۾ͱˣ
仹ЩʹգգۣŰһͷˮ
ɽŴҵ˰ȫУֱֱġ
ԴǼңѵ:ӲãȥѰһõɾɡ
Ӷô˼𡭡
֪ɵԹһϷ
İ£ԷԱŲ
ȥԷŲ
һֱŲˣЦѹȥ⻬۵һڡ
ҵĺ÷ɣôۡ·ҪС
Ȣһ˼еķɣ֪ŮǷᷳա
Сɽ׵ĶȾϱɫɵĹ̻ͦȤ
δζȻⱲԼĺӣûУҲǿ󡣱ϾɲԼͷˡ
㿴ҡ
ȥ֣˫ĵı֤:۷£ֻһˡֻҪ仰һȥպļ裬Ҫ̸룬ô

ԭҲ²ŭͱ͵׵ľУڣˡ鱻ƽЩлԼĵ
鵽֮ǰԥûĸУȥδӣҪ޸δʶǸС㣿
ȰԼȥļ⡣Ȼڹֻ֪衣ʱշתǵģ練ǸĴ
ʵʱ򣬱ϣһغԼˣ˵˵ķθ֮ԣãԼѡǶԵġ
Ű֣ɴͷȥûлӦ
ȴСĴָ˹ġ
ҲüЦϴЪϢ
ȷʵƣˡ˯ڷԱߣȻûͬɻãױٲˣҪ˵Щ黰
ҹ§Ű飬ܿ˯ȥ
ļ́۴ݡ
ԼԼŮͷ°ͣúܽġ΢΢ϵĴꡣ
ſţоԼҲϡ
úðɣԼ漴ִ
ġ

Ϊӭףɲ£棬ֵĴᡣ
иʽĻ̯ߺġԲֵԴϲɫ
ͬׯĺ˻̸£ڵڴ£Ҽ˶˼١
סСŮ:մϽֹ䡣
˺ѵиҼչˡ
˵ô׼ӻ:ʹˣ
ŶҼʧЦ׺ˡ
ʼ䴺ᣬһһͬж
ܲһЩ¿ʽεµ꣬ԼҲӣαҵġ
ӵȤȥÿشһҽܵö֮л
飡
ܵſڣԱͣһԼҼǺŵϣԴ:Сɣ׼ˡ
˿Լ·÷ɵȵԼɿ˸
ðͿҪ·ͬײϡ
᷿ãڰǰչʾһ½װ磬һƣߵ˷ϣССһѡ
ŵɫ»ĵɫӨףһ֫øϸ˿˱ס΢أƺڵȴĹвԾ˯ˡ
ϳĶۡ
ô˯ˣԼ
:̫ˡ߰ɣᣬȥͬкβͬ
һǰʻΪʵڶ࣬˽ֿھ͵³ߡ
۲Χˡ
һڳģֵͬܽûһֵͬģжԴȺеġͬǵһΪ׷£ͣæµͬϲá
֪ǰ£һȺԼ߰ĺӽЦܹײȥֵ֣
ķСȺǣ֣ϴ˵:ͬҷɢˣǣ߰ɡ
ǰ졣
ڽǣ֣Աߵ˶ͬų:ҪҪ䣿
ǸԻ˽ϵʳȥˣҹ㣬С㻹Լء·Ϊ·˳ѰͿߡ
𣬳ŷɹ:Ĳǣ

ǣǲǣأΣĥĥ䣬ǲؽ
ʮָգϣܾԼ΢΢ɵɵظȥ
˳ʳСȻ˾ٰסǼȥԵŮѹûʲôǵ˷Ц
ҹƻɺҹһž֮ͣ¡ͷɵ־ûзſ
һ֪ʱһ͸
ǡ
Щ⣬ת˼ӣʮֵغʣҲۡԼġ
ǵĵһס˫ƣŰ顣
ζԶ
ᵽæ֮ó͸ƫͷҹɫڸϵĺΣС:л
ֲ֣𣬲ַ죬˺Щۣĺɰ
ƽƾӹɰͬ˵Ҫ߻ɶԷæ
Ϊɰ
򿪺ɰͷȻһֽͷдżʫ
ӳ˵
͵ץסɵ֣ϲѾǿϲ
ǷɵһԵر⡣
飬Ҳңô
Ǻͷ
š
һСġšȴ޾                        
лҪ˵һֱŤŤҲ֮Ҳܹ򶯵~
лСʹmemely͵ӪҺ~

16


ǰٵķɣеĺɰֽԼŵǾ仰
Լһ
סļüҶȾϲ:飿ڴһô졣
ʵһֱ֪г£Ǽ˱Ĳؿơ
ʱգӶԷķӦܸоԼĺøУ񼸴׷ʷɣÿЦķʽ̽
ʵǰԼں飬Ⱳӳ׺С
ǽָףת˺üȦǵ÷ɾһ

ȷ壬һعصİɲñ˿⸱ɵʲôɸ˵ģ
¶ɬ۵ЦĻǰ
ûʲô˾Ҹ
°飬ǶɵǺ֮䣬ǣϷ޳۵֡
øڷſơڿҡҷĻӽ׵ֽ͸ƮϷ·Өǡ
ߣҲȥһ
СǶһ·յ֣áȼеһַŷɡ
ҪдԸʱддúӹȥڲԼ
˾Ͳˡŵϵ֣͵
ķӦҲܲµǹԼġ
ҲˣҲˣ˵ԸĶ˴ؼҡ
ͿŲԸ⣬ͬǻ:С㣬̫ܳˡһֱԸߡ
ЩЦ:Ժˣ
˳ظŵʺú:Сˡ
㣿
δ㡣ĸ鲻ȥʱԷѰϺǫ̃
С־ڳã̿飬ǽúº͡ʱ򣬶ԷѾǾˣϼ֪ˡ
ĶֻţŵݣҪȥ
֪СںδǻԺϴأǱ§˵ˣ
Ż:һǰСƼŶСǰ鷿
Ǳ鷿˵Ҳȥˡ
ͬɣװķ:Ȼȥմ㣬Ҳʶһҵıɡ
˵黰ĸεġ
:ȥɡ˵䣬ƤҪˡ
ϣ
ЦеغͷɸԺ鷿ܡ

鷿⣬ڵƻͨŮӵ˵һ:Ƕ𣿡
Ҽ:ððʧʧ
ŽȥٺһЦֳſ˫ۣʵʵ˶Էһӵ:ǵŻˣԺΣ
ݿֹԼҲôԿƾûȤ㡣
ȿȣɡݱСñôϽļ:ȷſġ
:˵׺ԹԵذİȥӰæҲࡣ
һǲڲңȷʵˡݵͷԱߵ:ڼң֪ΪΣ
Ϊʲô¶Ҷ֪٩ˡ
ã˵µԡ
֪δĽԱضСЦſһŵС:Ǿͽ㼪ˡ
ȵɢʱó鷿
ĵԼԺӣ˵:֪ڼΣףϧûͬһᡣ
ͬϵĸһֱϾǲ˵Ȱ裬ҪȢؼҵġ
ˡ
ܲ˵ŶĶ˵Щ˵ĻǵõŭҪóһҹɣ
㶼֪¡:ȥ֪ˣ˵յ㡣
죬Ǽ˵ġ
Ϊ˵յĽӷϯȴ֪Էָ֮ͬԼķйء

̫˽ԸĵˡȻڶźȫ˶е
Ҽլ֮£ˡ
һҪڳֻףڳһϵģ
ôˣҪѵˡڳֻݲ֪
ҹԺѾ˯£ûоԡҲ¡
˭ϴʱվ߶:֪ˡ
ϴηû׷ԭڵء
ʲô֣¶ǽҹô롭
ꡣʾɣȿ
ߡһԭǸĿģʲȥ
Ͳͬ϶ȢɣʱǱˡ
һһʮݣȻ鰴:㿴ŰɣҲҪˡ
϶Ҫˣ˵ķɿɲýЩ
ǲݷġ
Щ㵣Ϸɵ۾ϲҿ:
һȻˣﲻˣݷء
ԼòȢؼҵķɣġ
飬Ȼǲͬ⣬Ǻ
鿴˫ͨ죬ɫɷ׵Ķ
ϴ˵Ļȷʵ֡ҲΪδУŮŵ˲õ뷨
ЩҲͬԷӴãһֱڹźСֺã˿ģôҲп͡
ʹԼ岻УΡοŵζ᲻ҪԼ
߶żŵڡӣŶɫ
һº󾱴ǵ˰̣𵱳ĸ׵ĺѼңϣܳ棬ɸҸŲΡ
ͬԼҶ׵ԼҡԼ˽Ƶڵأġ
˵ĹӣŲԣʹϵ
ܶԼСûи飬⻰ǴʹġȵڵϺǼʯͷƲʹ
顣
飬񷢾߬ס֡
ŤͷĶϳϸܵĺǰ
ؿڣʹ࣬Ǳʲôʾס׵Ĵ΢˵
Һܡ
лҪ˵˼顭
ҷ飡ֻܿ

17

ܣ
ɺȻ岻ʣס˵:ȴȥ
һ䣬Ͷƣ¶ʹᷢɡ
ҲûɫΣϽȥ
ҼҲˣ״ŰֻվҪſߡ
ʲôȥ
С뿪пԭҲҪߡ¶δ:Ҳ̫
Сǰֹ˼ô룿ܶԷ£ǲ̫
Ϊ˭⻰·һˮͷִĵ˽ŵס
˵ΪŮΪҲġżûк𣿡
ַͬҼִ:ǰͷõģһˣת⣿һνģ
ݴСǸƢĸΪֲͣҲһѻ
˵ķɣ:ϴ
ٴεǸԼҵ:պһῴģࡣݷһ£ŮѾˣŮԼɡ
߿ƾ֮·ȢݶƾԼ⣬Ҳ⡣
÷Ҳ̣׷顣
˶Լ飬ݵҲû취
صϣ֪Щôˡ
Լͬ濾ŵԵĵ䷶Ҳòÿλظң˭ǿּе
Ī̫ˣ

¶뿪ûйġ
һ·ϷɶۣϸָץԼ½
һѿ֦Ҫ͵񷿣С㱧ҹӽŲͣߣɵơ
ȥôôͻˣҹӿܲ
ľͷҲصطԸԼҴܳȥ
񶼲֪ʱ˶ٴδڿһרԼҿĵס
ȴʱָˡ
һجΣȻһ㡣ӻ㱵ĺʹ·ż
ʱ񻹱հ˷ŵϣ뽫ɻסԼò
Һˡ
ģʧü˳ۣضС
˵ˣãҪ״ġ
Ȱ£ȴ˵:϶亹ԡ
ִֵòУҪʱȥԡû취ǵҵСڡ
СڡζʣܰԼŵλģ˭ô
ҵĶգˮڳʱ̱ŵġһ˻˵ݳޣúķѶٲΪǵĸ̣һ仰סЩ˵졣
Ǯ⡣
ؽټľͰװˮ̧ڵס䡣
ڵˮںðϿƮ
ź󷽵ˮȻЩ졣
ͬ޶ߵķˣϱӼʮһҲ֪ԼΪλ᲻ڡ
ûãˮͣˡ
ô죿ӦðϽ:ǲˮˣٽ˻
·ˡ÷˵
Ŷ¶ð졣
⡭ſڽеϴ֮һС˸
ھĵģһ˻ӦѰȥˡ
ȿȣңٽбˡȻڣС˽
ůˮУ첲ڱأϰ³Ļģ塣
㷽˵ʲô߽ܴӺǿ鲼ϿɵӰӡ
ȻЩŭ
ˣƽն಻ܻ䰡˿ֱԼ顣
Ա֣Щд:鷳ýɡ
ýȥʱǳ׶ˣҹ˯¡
ѹѵĻ˲֣︡ĥˡ
㶵˵áҵҪѣȥתҪøɣȴƬѩ׻ۡ
ļ⻬ûкۼĺ󱳣µĺǣīɫʪ£һڼϡ
ɱԼз
˵Щ:㡣ԽǸԼ۾Խ̲סơ
һƻ˵ķɣкβܿġ
һǵĪҪԼǸɫ֮ˡ
꣬ջǱۡ
Ա߷ŵĵӣײײͨһһͷԽͰУ
ǱشˮԼˣ·Ҳʪ
ˮҲˣԼŪ࣬ҽϡ
һ޿:ٸ㻻ˮ˲ϡϵˮ顣
ˮԼӣʹðɡ鱾ЩôһЦ
С˽ˮ:ϽϴɡѾ飬Թߵ䣬뿪ʱһ硣
ȵȡ
ֽסɻ룬ʲôûôؿɵС˽ȥˡ
˵ɬȴѪġ
ģȻȻҲһͬϴɣ
ľͰܴ󣬱˵졣
һͬϴ
ǲǡԧԡ
ʱǰѹ֣صԼԺĪͱ
ܵʲô̼֪۶ͬԡ롣
лҪ˵Ͳдһԧԡˡ

18

˵Ǿ仰ͺˡ
Լ:Ȼһͬԡ
СԼŮǷ֮䣬Ҳ/֮£ׯ
֪Լ㲻㣬ĹԡҪ̹/ԡ
㻹Ǳˡô˵˭֪ǰж
ɵһ󵨡ƽնѹŶ԰УֻҪԷͬ⣬ǿͬԼ׽
ʵϣ񲢲ʲôѭ浸صŮӡȻδ֮ǰҲΪܵ¥һ
ɶͬˣѹϲ:ãðȻȥ·ˡ
ɵۣоԼ˸ӡ
ܾü𣬿ǻ᲻ԼϷŪ
ٴ߽ˮһλû¶ˮ档
ˮһܲˣƴſǼϵƤصһˮ顣
ʲôأֻΪͯĴ󷢣յķɹȻԾͦɰġ
ȥز۵ǰ顣һԭͱѬ÷죬۾ȥ
һˣҲûжľͰܴˮﶼûаŷɵ塣
Լѳֲס
ϴˡ·ɻǽӲš
͵ЦȻôСô˵ԼһϴȻǳ嶯ɡ
زƤϵķ˿ǲͣĽëҪˮ̫ãεġ
ȵԷ£ˣԼͨͨС࣬ȳһǣ־Լ
ǳ:ԼǵС
ĥĥϴóͷ
ȥԼϰߵģǡ
룬ûˣأ
ھǹټҵȦЩ˵Ĺӣʱǰӭӣٳ񣬻ùС̣Ȩ
ˣȴ޸һ̻֮Ů
ˣͬȥݶȻ֮ٴȥʶЩɾҲᳰЦԼˡ
漴񶨣ҲǱᳰЦǼʵġ
Ϊôá
ĴЩͷˡ
ڸֶϴΰֱ÷纮Ρ
Сôһ
ʹԼʮ£͹˺ͷҵʱ򣬻ؼǲͷɳܣ徲һ졣
ᣬ롣
ǹ˶ʮ꣬˻ˣܰԼͷҩĵȥ
ڴ򡣼üͷǽ:ˣǲǡã
˵Լûˣѵֻһʱɿ죬ʲôԼһֱûֵ

ϵļ˳飬λС㣬ḻ
ޱ鿪Щҩ:ûʲô⣬ɻЩĽᣬȻ˴̼ӦһУ
黹ʲôĽᡭ
һʱ˵ǹء
ΪǷز죬֮ԼáŬɵĵǣԼ⣬֤
ҲǵΪˡ
֪ھǾЩ¡
ͬסרΪ˿ðúϢȥ˴Ժӡ
ԺԺġҪµĽҸĸʣʶҲΣֻϴ
һѼ·ֶŶŲ֪ڸСԴúܵͣŵ档
Ŷأ
Сùã
۾һվܣ
⺢һܾ˶æȥСС˶ڻֶӿЦҲ¶Цݡ
ǰ¶ŶδӰ졣
Ȼ꣬ƽʱ˵ÿμ񣬶Ļࡣ
СùǼﳤÿģĬȤʱ͵͵ԼСߣСùôһɡ
øȥˣ档漴ŵͣ:СùãøᱻϳȥҲҪߡ
ͯǴȻЩС⣬ҫ죬ԴûлۡҲ÷չ˺ӣ˯
ãԶӣӦǲͬݷģҲЭ
Ҳŵͣ:ģøߡ
һСƵ:ǾͺáЩ˼죬˵´β游ˡ
Сùã´Сøòá֪ԼСùȢ·ɣǻδСøȻҲǸˡ
ʵգ飬ֻſޣûз֡
žٵø߸ߵ:ã´Сø
һСͬˡ
㣬ǻǡŵԴԼȥʵ
ɲǣǸӣͷ֪Ƣء
ΪöŮӣڴСУоʲôŮС
żᱧ̾Ϣ˵ͷ̥ҪǸŮޱˡҲֻ˵һΣʱӣ塣
϶ҵҲǣŶ˵Ҫ޸˻Ǯ ԼĶӱţʵǲ˵ġ
ҲͶйذɡ˵һЩڳͷΪмǶӣڲͣĸĹŮڽӴ
˵ǰӹúܿ࣬ȫܸɣڼͷлȨ
ԴӼ޵ԣңǽһüţϣ½ŮޣҵѪ
ʵϱӣ㿼о˺󣬶ˣΪ⣬̫
ԼȾƣˣŮҲ¼ᡣ˵ʵڴӣ۷ɣʧȥӺĲɣ𣬱㲻Ͽˡ
ڼ
ϱӶʲô޴֪ҡͷҲǿˡ
鶨ˡ
Ƕӣʳ󣬼ӦûЩһҪŮ뷨
üĹӰɣ͵ѭ򽥽ı뷨
ȥӵʱ䣬˹⡣
ŴС·ӣк̾Թ:ҸҪ޳ȥˣҵ׼ױҵ
лЩ᲻á
Ѽһǰ۸ֳСʱҲԼ
ˣûôͬ档
ЦŹϲ:ǱףܼҸԵҸˡ
ѹ:ɩӸҶҸ粻ãܼ˿ɲǳصġ
ӳ޴ޣ޼ίҪ֧֡
ҲǴ̵ģñȽСûʲôҰģһ˶ǻ̡
ѸˣһЩõĳ͸
еʱ򣬽ֳ뵽ϣͷԽᶨ
ˣͬûиҳίʱԼģ֮⣬ֻǴΣںڰķ䰵Դᡣ
ɲ۸
ˣΪɵ
лҪ˵Ȯһɵ𡭡

19

ôȥĶˣ
ء
˵ô״˵öײʥϣְѺˣ
ЦļҺȻͱžࡣ׸ǲҩɬϢ˺ѷεĿԡ
ںڰȳͨߣǽͿʪ̦
ˣߵýƣȴǰľͷ
̵ָһӳӿһ·ߣһ·Ҫڶߵܡ
ˣ
飿ǲǣʥ˾Ҫվ˵䣬ز˭
ǵģǡ
ڿҶûޡҪһ΢Цȴġ
飬飡
˭ںǰᡣ
Ǳŷ˯˯źԾſҹڿˮһ
ü૲ֹ
ӦجˣտʼҲ񲻸ֻһڻġ
ǻƵģ
ƽƽȣΪǼ˯ˡͷǣۣļ磬ԴӦ
һ繵ǡ
εʲôˣ
:ȥˮȣ
鱧һҡͷԽҪѹϡ
鲻ȣҲҪȵġƿӣԼ˶ǲ֣:Ͼͻºڣҵɺã
ܿĶʱرûаȫеİ鱧űͬˡ
ڵķһˮƳһ۷ɣſͷϣ߾ûԼۺЦ⡣
ˣһֻСèճˣޱ
صϣεʲôȴǹ˼šտڲԣ
ûˣɲ˵ô졣
ɣʱʱҹﾪѵģǴ˵Ľᡣ
̽⿪Ľᣬ֪ʲôҲð
̾ϢӰеɫĪ⡣
ڴౡ
ŵشϴŷ񾲵˯գֵõһյĻ
ߺ󣬰Ȼ˯ҹ˯ˣȴֻǼװű۾˼׷ɡ
һ磬ùţ˵λá
÷ЩεϽϹſЦ:ȥɢģ÷Ըһͬţ
ϣûݷ֮£ȴǰˡ
÷ͬദҲ꣬÷ڼгüչԼ֡
ǶԼ飬Ǹлģ漴뵽Ǽ¶ûʲôʣԥ˵Ҳ÷
򻹲˼ء˵÷ȥ䣬Сõķɣг˵Ҳ͵ˡ
÷ϱǲԴǵģ¶󷴶˵ЩԲ
˵ݶϣ˼ǺġȻӦģð·ͬλš

ͬׯͬΣڸҵ̳ۡͬ֪룬ӭ¥Է
ӭ¥ǳľ¥ΪӭͣΪ
ԢǺõģã˳ӭ¥¥Ƶġ
֪˴ǵż䣬װ˵¥ռŶһ
ѹءָҲ֪һݹ͡
֪˾Ʊ˵:λ࣬ĳλһԸκ˫顣
ֲЦˣؾһ˭ϣ׬Ǯأβ¿򵥡
ׯĲǱƷϼѣعٸϣ͸֪͵ǡ
ˣҲմġ
˼Сˣٺȼƣʤſ˯ˡʣ˾ԡ
иʱ֪ɢɫ:Сϲϻ¥տȤͬһȥ
ŵ۾ʱˣԾ֪ˡ
ʲô˼
ʵ֪Ͷã濴ƶ˷Ҳ仨¥ԣͷ˴ȷʵǳ͡
ܹͬλϵˡⲻ֪طܻúܡ
ܾ֪˵:С㣬ĳԺãżҲȥ¥Ѱһɾ̸ĽⷦŮӷ֮£αڡ
ʲô
֪ˣ𣬾ͿʼԼСˣ
һƾܣ·߹һȺˣΪϤ
ǲǴ𣬻顣󻹸żλСˡ
ãнˡʱ֪ͬһҲҪԽƵȥ
С㣬ңЩˣ˵ʲô
Դ͵ǡҼڸʹ˸ǡ
û֪˻ػ溰ðһͣ£һСæ̧ȥ
ڰǸ˵ģͬһ
ûģʱΪ֪ڴǶװ·ȵģ
Ͼ
ü⸱ģ΢ʣģΪͬȵʵǲס
±ѵԽװ᳹ףϵȥѽѽͷۡ
ǵð鲻̣̫Ѩ
ؼҺ󣬰
ϣҪһʱɵźϺƱḧ
鶢ɫգط:顭
ҲԼô
˯㣬Ľ:˱˯ȴһзգҲͦõġ
ҹ˵ڵĻڴʱȫг:ҾͲΣεӶǿɲġ
Ƥһ
֪£δ£١
ʲôϢдұװҲװȥˡ
лҪ˵:ˡ
趨ʱ䣬Ӧһ㷢ղŷ֣ҷʱ趨Ϊ2021ˡҺüһ顣

20

㣬㲻ǡû֧֧ᣬֻ³仰
Ϊ״̬ѺҲǲԼ˵ʲô鱧ͷ˵ĵ¡
ķӦȼˣ֪װ
ֱȣǶ²ϽƼ
Ҫ
ݣ:ھǻ£ļС㣿
ǾɥΪйˣδԼ̹ϡͷһضģ˭֪ԷĽȴǱŮӣ
˶ŽղԾСö˶ϣͷĶ׸òõݹȥ
ӹιһϸײչʾǰԼġ
ȻǴɣ԰Ĭ̬ʧˡ
ûҪⶫûзŰ˵Ļ˳ӵغȥ
㻹δشҡ
ЩѣҩһߣǰԷɵᡣ
ûжʵˮ˳εֱΪռûȽ̣оֱƵۡ
ٿ֡
ﻩ
ͬʢŵҺҵ棬ǽ塣
ǽˣ
ͷԼϱ̺ļǱˮ˰ܡ
¡ѾȥѩڻԺѿһٷ羰Χ롣
ҪʰƬ߱Ӱڵ
ס֣ܻɻк֮:˭˾ˣ˴ɨǡ
ִ˷ֲ쿴˿ڡ
Ƶ˿ڵûУֻǷָͷһЩۣ:ɰˣС˵̧ͷ顣
βĻǰԲģƽԵóγҲɰ
ʱۿ·ͿȦɫ֬Ҫ޲ޡ
ŬȥڿԼӡ
žડǵȥӾ˳۰׵ջ
ˡ
Լͼʲôأαس
鲻ôǰܺҪһĻ˵
ȵˣµʣϺʱؼҡ
Ҳã㡣
˶ǶڵϡĦ/ֱſƬ죬ԭǱ̵ˡ
ѷɱ˳Ƶؿڡ
ӹ﷭ҩĨڷϣٴεǸ:Ҳǹģڻ𣿡
ۡԼȥҲԼ̫ûá
ӣ
ԡҪôһ¡ҩ࣬ѷȦڻıǼ⡣
Ҿ¡
ʲôֻ࣬ϲ
ҡͷﰲŵġ
ǡʱûϲˣԼұȰ׼λõЩ׼ҼҪ׸Լý˵ͣ㶨Ŷϱ
ԶС㣬Ǿ
ϲһܽܣѡ
:¿ɻ
ҡͷºԼұˡ
ףֲϲ˼ҡȴ˵ΪجΡ
񽫻˵ߣֹȥʵң治ϲ
ǲԼôЩѿڶ:Ҿϲ㡣
⻰˵ǶҪֵͲˣװࡣ
Ŷһʲô
תתΪᡣ
˵Ƶ:Ǳ˹׵ġ

ھǻڱĵطӱףǺ¡޽ʱû
ڿ߶ŵڡû˹Լ˵ǹټҳ˾ǻ
ܸоĲмͷίԼԽԽãԽ̿֡
ѹˣʱͬ⣬Լʱ˵Ӧ
ΪĹǿңʵԱ
ɵɵ۵رһжں˼룬²֪Լжôá
û˱ɰˡ
ǸʱڷݣϽ
˾٣̳мвҵĸӳ絽Ȱѧٵܲˣֺӡ
ЩǮֻһС֣ʣµĶѳԺȻӻ
ɳͷάֳԴöȵӣȴһ֣·
С£αҡ
˵ҪĲϣǰβҪֻҪĺ˶ҵġ
˵ðѣͷŵ:ˡ
§һָĨ۽գ:ͷǸɾȥĶˣԽҿҹߵġ
˵Ųأƫͷϡ
ͬ:Լһ·
Ϊ̻жѣҪһΪ·
ˣҲ뿴ԼƵġ
˵żҳ:ʵϣȾƻһࡣȻͻݣҲҪԹ䡣
˵ƣ§ŷɵݽ
Ϊǧ֪̫ãǱů˼/׳ڷɶ
ߵð˵
ڡ󻶡
ҹΪ𽥺˼Ҳǳеģͷ£ٳûһ
ʱžΪ˷ɵı֣֮ǱҪ̣ưʹϲ󣬻һ¾ҪĿ
ء
ǣɵʡòã
ס۾Լɫһ
šҪϡ
ǵСͿʼһԣȴҹĽ١
ģ鶼뿴̫߳ˡ
лҪ˵ϰɣǲӣ
˵Һдĥĥ£ǻ᲻ý

21


ҹգâӴͶ䣬ӳƬϣԳһŮɬӰ
͸ʲڵסһĻ档
Ӧǻɫ㣬ɫݣǡ 
ӣô
˰ٻʢ·Ľס˵
§ŷɣɫںڰпУ֮⡣
ǸʢŮӣûгʱŮ֮кʱζǾͲͬˡ
зɣΪáò׵õϲͷϣԷˡ
оСסڣǿЦá
ֲʲôϻܳԵɡ
Ȼڰ˵ҹһֻҪԼ븹Ĵϻ
Լ÷ɿ죬̵òУĴֱоͰ͵:ңʹ
ð죬:°һġ
˵⻰ЦˣԼôôҷɵĻأ
ԥһ£ı顢ȥľģ˫۵:ǡаɡ
ΪԼľٶ˭ϵ˰죬Լ˰ģûһ
ۣԼģ
̾Ϣ:ʵǿ㣬ҲǿԼշվˡ
գգۣãȻؿſԼĴҹļƻ
ô죿Ҫ
˴һһȻ䵭ֶԷûзӦִ˴
һ˲䣬Լûãķ֮¶ŤŤ
ԼǺ֣񲻸ˣ
ɬ:Ҳá
ʵֻ붺ɣĵãϽֱסü:ôأ˵Цѡ
:ɿڵķɾǰвԵĵ
治ң̧
ΪɺߣûģһƬֻʣ¹к΢
˿̶һ棬ǿɰ룬ķ۴Ҳȥ
֪ԼͬɻõĵһΣûдԷõ顣һΪûо飬ΪǻŲ顣
٣ô˵Ҳǻһˣμٲãûػ
ǰͷɻôֺȫƾԼ⣬ҹᡣ
ž͸ˣҲῴ귺ŷۺļɬС
ҹǵڶͬȴĬ
÷ǣ
Ͻλ÷ԼԺо·ϵĻһˡ
ۣȻءΪǰͬԼˣʳԣֻܵӹ
֪ʲôԼ:ʲôô֮࣬עصģ¼Լš
ЦˣȻ:ûʲôðɣһ
÷ôΣһׯӣѵ÷ֶԷö֤ݡ
÷Ǹͳӣ:÷˵ʲôء˼һ·ɣƤ˵ˡ
ҹңҶˡ
ϴβһ£ϵƢȻ˲٣Ҳࡣ齫ᣬ̲סЦ:˱ˣҲǡ

ֱ޵ݣԼкüӡ֪̫ˣŶԷδѣšĸ첲
Ѿˣⲻ֪λǾµģ￴
֪Ͳˡ
ݽҪԺһ˶ſᣬᡣ
ԺִӵĻú顣ﲻõġɡ
һͬۿϣˣҲƽˣֻġ
ݶԼҵܹ˲Ǹ˸мġϣв
ϣҪȥס:Сá
ҷɣ鷳ʹտԼڼòãֶ룬ǵֵò
ʲôһǡ
ݼСҪ뿪֪Էɷµ˵Լһо٣˵ʱϴһɲɵơ
ܿеģ԰ɣ
ԼһתͷƼš
һͣϮžĿݻҶӴǰƮ¾£ӭϣ
ܵġ
⣬ԱС
µľ⡣Ժ:˼ǰԭ򡢹ڴұһµס
һһŮˡĻᣬľꡣ
߶㣬סɵ֡ż˶ɢˣһ·ɵ
˻ĸо㵹ȥ˦ǰߣĪ
أԼˬ˿ûвʣ˵
ҹǺܿƵģһξͷŹ˷ɣȥϴֱشϣźʮܵû뵽ɻܡ
˼ǰԼûá
ʧߣʧߡ
лҪ˵ҷϸд
ڳԵСá
лСʹϡȵƿӪҺ~

22

ʹһزѩǵ㣬ѩʱϷ䡣
ǻھǣʱ֣ͬСһͬԺƷʫܿлָ鶯Ľ𡣡
˰дõֽ֣ڼϣ̾
ǰһλֺ˵ܹĥʱ⣬˱塣
˳۽綼ͬڹƼλζΧļҳֻ̣һԾ
˵Ķͬѩôأ
ȻǱǵģڰ׼ҴôãָŰ׼Ҷӣñһƽõöࡣ˼ûת
հֶԴѩõëǿϰֻ֣С֯
뿪գӵֿ֣ӣżﳤ͹ӳǣǵޡ
:ûз£߹ˣôᵽ˼ҡ
ӣ¶ź׵ı󣬷ǰֽСƮ
ŰգϺһ٣īȾš
ܱξ󣬰űʣɫڱԹݵС:⡣
ÿ֪ԼҹҪګګŰЦ:ū֪ˣ˵Щ
ƽź͹Ӹã˵ġҡԾơ
黹:¡
ӡ
˱ʣ齫˵ֽһţģ·δı
ǲ̫㣬˷ִ硣
ָԼָŲ֪ηӦСˣЩ˵ôȻˣ罫򷢳ȥġ˼ܿ࣡ɫһȻ
ʱ˫ϥأӿһᣬƴҡͷɫҰ:Ҫӱߣٲ˵Щˣ
Ҳû˵ҪԼ뿪Ļ
:Ҿ
ҵȻûڹʱɺ⣬Ҳ̶Ѩ
֪һԼȻԷ˼Ầ
߽סϴСˣɫû˿ɶ:
ۣȥΣǹȥ¡ҹǳԴζǸģƽջҲࡣڱȴ˵仵ôģ
պٲعأ˵˰ɡ
أءϽͷ֪ˣ֪ˡ
ǴСԼưܺ˷׷·뿪ȴ޷ѡԼźԼС˰
ۿ΢΢ʪ󣬲ٿ⣬أȥϴ֧ʣɡ
ͬסԺɽ裬ſһۺޱȡ
ǰҲɽ軨鰵̧ϸϸͣСӵ˵һߣһҰ
ֱ߽˺
أ
ѻɣһ飬Դ鵽ļѣӺ󷽻ס
ˡͷԷ׵ǡ
˵°Ǹһ˶ᣬǧ
ͬǱߵݳҶָ̹ߣͦ飬ˡ·ɴû²̨
ҵ˵Ҫڳʧұͬ˵Ӳøټͷӣ
һ˵ʲô·ɰڼӡ
ڹȥϯʣʶ٣˵꣬Ц:ãǳȻҪġ
ôƽ⣬ȥǶ̹ͬԼ游ֵܣԸȫͬ£˵ܰð
⻤ŷɣ̹˵ĲǣȥҲһ˷ˣҲ
⣬Ǹů¯
ҪԸС׼ŷ֣⿿ǽܷƵģһ
˵˲˵Ļ˼ˡԼС˻ⲻҶڷ:С˵ʲôȥʰ
˲:ǡȥԱ᷿ů¯ͷͬͿĶԻ
ô۾Ǻģ
߿

ȣͷֻˡŲ豭һƣǸˮϵĲҶϡ
ϷһүӣȧǣϷֱһ顣
ȷʵǺ鰵⣬Ӧ˵Ķ̹
ȥ鷿ˣΪӼ̸ȥ
鵽ʱϺ÷ϻδȥ󲻱
λ߶߶ҲᵽԼԼ߶ʱǵķˡ
ðȥܵ:̸ҼСķɡ
Ǳ̸үӼ޵ճ£ʶ˶ϡ
ϱ죬Űһڼ⡣Ѱ鿴﷢ë
ģϻףҲϲƣ֪һЩϢ
:ǡ
ۣ:Ǹģ˵ֶ
ƣʲô۹⣬ԼŮȢķɣһСǺÿʲôãŮ𣿡
հ̾ҲЩݰԭɣûô⣬߶Ҳ˼
˵ӻˣãȶŮݷһӶԡ
Ϸȥ룬˵뿪˺ܶࡣ
ܵ:ţңҲúÿŮ˵׼ġ
ɽµ˵˾Ȼ˼˵ԼúÿȻʵ
̾:ԣԿǰ
鱣΢ЦĻûסĿҲܾ࣬ùˡһ䵭·ʲô¶û
ȵϺ÷Ϲţ͸Ǳһ
ŵʱΪϹСסգڷ˷ʢĲȡ
ʳרŪһСаԵĲˡ
Ҳʳȴſڲͷңò㣬顣
ҪԲԼУֳʲôģ޽ҵˣ·ɲԱ˱գĻź򣿡
Ц:Ҿϲҷɼвˣġ
ǲϽ:С񣬱໰ϾǱߵˣֵܡ
Ҳ໰ʵͦϲ̹Сǣָָ̣ȵĸȥǱ䱾
Ӵǿ̹ˣҼ񣬳ϻ˵ˣǰСɲ̹˵ʲôţȢ˷ɡ
ɨ˰һ:ļҵĽӣĪպ
˵Ǻ꾫ء
ǰҶΪ˵Լã˵͵·ֻҪ͵ñн㻤ţ÷תͳˣʲô
˵Լҷɺ꾫ᡱվ𣬰ѷһӡ
ߣԺӳȥûθڡ
⺢ӡˣϻҪȥΡ
סĶ̹:һˣͱǼôҲӡ
ҼƽնŮǰڵϣּͱȽˣĬĬŲ
׵ĵܵܣȻҲͬԼΨһԵϵˡ
:ȿСȥʲôԵúúõġ
:ȥպķ£ⲻǱסˣ
Ͳ̹ˡǣǰϲ
ߺ󣬷áԲˣԲˡҼ
˸ͷҲѧɣű˵ңǳԱˣҲˡ
ϣڣԸվЦе:̹ԺðҲȥˡ
⡪һ±Ƶĳϣ⼸Сˣˣ
лҪ˵:ߣҷõġ
ǸлˡллСʹߡĿɰףôô

23

ߵּֿ죬ҲܼСѾǡ
ȳӴ󣬰ֱ߬ţúܳ
Щѩѻµ治ƽ۾ֻſǰͷ񣬺Ȼһʧȥĵڵء
泱ʪŢʱʪű֮С
ˣ״ĵۣȫܶ
飡
ڰˤʱָǣˤһ»ͦأŲطסԷ˫磬𣿡Űû̫ˡ
ҡͷʾ۽ֵݸҪȻʵվһ۵ˣ
ۡ
ƼСģŽף֪Ǵˡ
⣬ɿţϸݵĽȻ΢ףؽڴѪ˿
:ұұȥ

鷳񣬵˿ûҪǿ첲ȥſϣιס䣬վ
̫󣬽²ȣòײűƽ⡣
ô᣿
УҵٽгЩӪĲƷЩ
ѾԵͦˡ:ˣٳԾͳˡԼĶܳôࡣ

뵽ׯģȦйűʳĶ񷴶Ե:ôҲÿúܡ
һ·Ϻܾżз紵֦ͷڲڵѩɨ¡
·ɳԵ̫ٶ岻ã:鰡ɲܹΪ˺ÿڳԸʲôҶϲģᡣôͲأ
пĪ硣ʱΪ˺ÿԼ⻰úÿͼϲƵġ
ıϣŽŶԷСĵߣʱʱʵ:ô۵ô
ӵĸоģ֪飬ͷһ뷨:Щ

ɵ鷢ɨʱͦģ֮˵ڶߣ롣
Ϊ˿Щȥҩ˴߰ͷ
ůĴ˺סСèƵҧһڣһ̴β׵֫ٺ֡
ס:顭ȻϷԼһѡ
һ㣬ıϣ鲻ҶһЦ
:һȥôʰ㡣
صסȻݺݡʰһѣѹǽϣ׵ˮ⣬ԣԳ糺֮ɫ
⸱ǼˣС˶֣˿ڡ
ڲأһĨ˻Ѫĸҩøͷš
վͱ߶ˡ
Ƕ̹ǱߣЩǳҪԼ
һϣ
ں:ⲻպɲȥô
Լسһ°ͦı:ҵﶼû˵ʲô̹ܵҲ̫ˡ꾫㲻ʲô
һı:˵˵ˡ
֪֪ױ۸
ǰ̹Ҳû˵̷ɣڶȥȲˣǺ
ס˵ĵˣ˵вԣһ򲻵ó衣
Цɸ֣װҪҧ:Цأ˲̫ͣҲڣ㱻۸ô죿
ڣǰıȴû뿪
ü΢:ȻҲǺ۸ģ̹ǳ˰
ǰΪ漰ԼΪҵˣɱݣ͡
ôôأŷɣҪú۰һ
Ƽ񲻶ԣ֣㻤ǰ:ǰա
ЦеаŶգǾ͵ϡ
ϻͬһͬȲ裬ɳʱż᲻֪ʲôԭɣһŲΪԼá
ãǧˣ
㣬ǸͷʵϳǰǸʵͱҪ㳰Ц
Ҳ֪ʲôԼ·ҪԼԽ
鴹۵:Ҫȥһ̹ʹˣ˼ӡ
ǡôһķɣֻ
ûôԣȥСĶڣ˳㵽鷿˱
űһٴֹ̲ס:汻꾫
Ҳ̫˵ˡλ̸֮Լҹӵʱûһ˿Ϊ˿ѡ
ᡣŶЩȣժ˷һߣٺ˵Ҳɱ
ΪΣСͷ⡣
黺¶һЩۣеСЦݡ
ϯ϶Լ΢̹ʱط
·ɣﱳ⣬ֱӶ޼ҳ񣬱ͷŭġ
ȴԼߣȥ˽ţֱԼؼңֹġ
ȻܵɢˡһжֲϧЩʲôأ۲ΪԼ˵ΪԼڷ絲ꡣ
Ϊʹˣ˶ԸԼĨȥ
ֻԸ飬֮ġ
ˡ˰üԷûɵŶЦֱһű۵û
ɵˡ
Сĵĵǣ˵鰮ӻɵû뵽Ҳǣ
лҪ˵Ϳ:Ϊʲô뷨еϤⲻǵʱСʱô
:һ߶ȥ
лСʹߡƿӪҺ~

24

ڰĽˣҩ֮⣬ߡ̹Ǳߣ֪ԭɣǸΪ¶͹ȥˡ
˭֪ϲôġ
ϵСסÿĹ
ӢţӼ޵أȽ׽ıֻһˣ˺ǹҵӡ
ÿ˶ӴԼסģЩС¡
ꡭ
ֶ
⼸նסԺ᷿ʱûྣ⼸ֶŮǲǲ̫ңı飬ͷϸơ
ĵⲻǷϻ˭Ҳܲ߶߶Цſο:̫࣬ӴˣԼ⡣
⻰Ҳ˵Լ
Լ⣬ʲô⡣ߣ˽ŲУҵ˵˵
ΪѵˣϺྺֱͦˣǶȥ
˱ԺǸ˵ЦԺﵴǧ
϶ڴ͵ˣСʮֲ⣬ڵ:
꣡С˵ۣҡпϼơ
С˸̵үһѣô͵͵£û
Ͽǰ飬ǧϣƶץӣ¶ɬ۵Ц
ûͦġ
ȴˣɣСԼ
۰׵ǹ˵ЦݣζѹҹӡշϳģɲǺ꾫ô
ζŵǧͣ£ϻŲգۡ
Ϳͷյģ˶Է
档һ񺮣ȥҪӴιԼˡ
飬ˮһƬҪ˵黰󷽴ӴĽһ
˭
˭Ǳ߹öûվֻΪԼ
̫үôС˳ųϣʡ
Ϸģֲ֪˭ֻСˡ
죬ϽһȥǱǷ֣Ķ飡
ÿȥСɲ֣ǶԼĺȰⲻٴɫ϶԰Խˡ
һͬԷʰһ֮ǰĲǣЦ:źˣ
ȷʵúܶ࣬ڵ߸񿴣Ѿû£ͬԼšͷ:ǣˡ
ҲŲġϴŴס:ǾͺãǼС񰡣жңǰСɾϲء
ҲȢ㡣ǱˣҲϧģСǸùɵϧ
ȴ߰飬Ψһֻüңء
˼ⶼķۡ
ûŭЦ紺硣
ǣ˵ֻ֮˰ٰ۰δϲˡεˣܵ谮̹زģͬúùġ
ػھǽȾټɾȦӶ꣬ܲᡣ
ϵ˳飬ŰϥҪߣСӹȻʡ͵ĵƣС񻹵޹ı
ӣҾ˵ôǺŵģԭûӦöԸˡСܲ˳ˣعСС˶Է
ΪԼġӹϣ෴ߡ
һٶ̻ԼҲûеΪԼ⡣
ϲԼЩӣﲻǰˡ˵ʲôĻ̻ȥ˵Ů⡣
ȻܿҪŮ
԰ԣŮСްֻһҲǧ衣
ԼĸȻڴ                          
лҪ˵ڴʲôڴʲôʾ
˵õʱʮ㣬Ϊʲôûȥҵ㿪ֲԾ㲻ˡ

25

ˡ
ϸУɡܵؽɡ£ˮʪ
ڸңûϧԼ·ֻΪ
մ·üʮֺƾãԼ·ʹ÷Щڰն˯
ж۰
ǰһ°飬ЪϢȻѾˣͱۡѧ־ҴͷβƵĶô
뷨á˼ģ鲻ͬ᲻á
Ǵӱġ
§ǰ۾Щ۽ǣһͷ:ţšҲ֪û˵Ļ
£ҪԼ˯ģǿɰĽëһһ᲻÷ſ˺ü¡
ˡݵ
һᵽΣجεǶӣڰҹѣ˯ϻᡣòʱ䰲òײܽ˺˯
üôûао˯̫ˣɵò֮ģɵ:أû¡
ϧ͹ĵ̬ΪΡ
Ǻ¡СЦĪúܿ죬ôˣһ˰ѳֲס
ҵ¡
ǰߣͷɻǶСֻţͷůڵġ
ЦˣÿɵӵĿ⣬б
ԼԼ̸µģ˭֪һطͿõøһӡ
Цֳ:⣬⹦򣬲üɡ
ˣ㣬ûˡ̾Ϣ:Խȥˡԭô˼ңͬ˵ҲȢһİΪǿܸĸŻ£ż°
Ϊ·ﶼöˡҲ֪ˣĵȻס
Ȼ:ǰô
Ͷ䣬Ϊ:˵ʲô
˻еڶǰˣĴҪֲصıͦõġҡѾһˡ
üëر飬ŶЦаã㲻˵ͬԵǰɣ
ǰ˵ʵΪѻԾԷΪԼں˵
ЦǰЦˣ:һ˵ԼѾһӣֻǵ˻ʱء뷨һȥӡ
˻ԭʱ˵Ϊ֮𶯡
糿˵ΣҲ
Ѫɫ˴ɱʹĿд˵ûˡ
ΣļȱڡڳΪǺԼļǲȫģУãϱӺϤ
ȥ롣ǲһӣ֮Ƕôѹ
ػػϣǣصȥһжûз
ѣͬӵƹ˵˵˱ڼ֮ǰϻȥǳˡ
ն̹ҪԼȥ硣
ʧˣԲסֻ̹Ҫ漰ԼҷɣǶ𾴳ġ
̹ǱŤ֧֧:ˣҲùǣȥɰɡ
ɣһ㶣ɫ:鲻ã
Ťͷ:ôˣ
⣬ϲ˿ûзµļ
ܴ:㼱ģûϢǸ˵ģɰѺǸҲű
ʲôСѺоˣô
ʱ̹ǻ࣬˵˼ͷԷȻˣôţ
۾ѵÿʼ顣
һ仰ҵκ:ϲ
ʯͷһ㣬ûȵȻܡ
ϲϲ
ϲǲ˵ԼҪˣ
̤ϼǶܣʱߴߴУںϲ
飡̫ͣŵͰ顣
飡ƵıĵǰԷᷢ

ӣڴء
˶ûڻе£ͷã鲻֪ȥԺЦ:糿˵к¸ô
ŶŶǣ£Ǻ¡
ӦûסϲãЦ:ҷϲˣĺ£
ԭ֪ˡɵֵӣ鲻ҲЦ
ҸһĺӡҪȥĸ
ѽС㣬⺢ӲŶĶܸоҡͷ
ˣ˹ͷûע⡣һεķ:ӣǼ£
ظŶӵ:ңԤеģշӦЩ󡣡
áôʱҪʱע⣬úչ˷ɡ
̫۾ﾹȻᣬǰûо£۵ǰǻصȥصޡ
ΪĽʹΪڸеˡ
лл㣬飬ллСˣ˿˼ɣһŮᡣ
лɵĸȫչǵĺӣһҡ
лҪ˵ԭ趨һӣΪɻǣȱʧ
Һ飬Ⱳӱ衣

26

ԴӰУ΢νµˣ»ˡ
ֳԵú٣Ƿ˲θôʱ̹עɶùʳ§Űʡ
ŵúᣬŶԷ
ζС
ԭǸʳֻҪᵽζζ԰θֱġС嵭ʳȽϰԵģкζˣЩûζ
ֲܲԡʱ³鰾кüʱЦǺǶ˸
ʢȴֻü¡ֳܵһ棬¹ΪԼ
кʣίˣҧŴ˵ˣ
䣬˸棬Լ
ɵ֮ǰϸӦԲҲˡ:ֻΪԼΪ˶ĺӣӦЩǰ
ǵңǶĺӣ
գҪ:ǳԲ£ҲġʵڲУҰˣӲɡ
Ҳ֪Ǿ仰˶Էס:ôԺӵĴףҹĺӣͬҲǹ
ίˣԼһˮһȻҶֲͬһˡ
úúá
˵ʲôʲôʱڣƢ˺ܶ࣬Ǻš
Ͻӹӣ˵ˣС̡ŷɺ꣬ʵ:ʲôҽ˸򡣡
Ҳ֪Լʲô񿴵κʳﶼ᲻ʳ̱ĸ첲˲䣬Ϊ˳ëˡ
ɡ
ѵˣֻճиӹעɣ˽ϲá
˯ʱԱ߷˯ĺ
մЬһ˫§סԼıƲ:ȥ鷿ô
鲻˯ˣһǽɳѡ
Ϊ˹ĵطҼ󵽸̰æ
ΪͬׯƳ¿ʽúԵʣ˱ڳ̶öࡣ
Ȼǽˣܹظ÷ѹȴࡣϰѷɺ˯񻹵ȥ鷿˱鿴֧ƶ¼ƻ
Ͻرѣ
ɲϷ֣˵˱:һҰɡ
żȻҹоģŷڡ
ʱ鷿죬ʱ˯ʱѣû˱˯޷ġ
ȥ鷿ɣȻǹԹԻصϡ
ûиоţȴΪЭʼΡ

š˯ˡ
ζøԼ۾:ôˣ˯ţ
ʵЩԼԼú֡
ĸ첲:ǲǣͦźġ
ᰡУÿնŷɵĶһɰƯСޡ
źͦá
⻰ǰοסڱµָ֣ͷ㲻ãҽڽúôʱʹӣܲԼ
˸Ƿ:ûûУĸз˵ҵÿλУֵȥأʲôǰ˳ͻݣŶʱҲ
Ժ˯䣬ԱʱܹӵķԸ
뾪СˣĿɬŷŵָ
㱧ҡ
Сģǽġһʱû˯⡣
նԷҲֻǵü˳ۣһɬģˡҹ˵仰ֱҪ
ûסļĸζҪˡ
ڵĺ£ǳԷûθڣ̬ȡ
ͲһаȫеˡŶӣ˵Լĵ:˵ͦ۵ģܣܻڲ
µǺֿ
᲻·ɣҲңҲ¶
ⶼ뵽Ķȥˣ
:ۼһõĲ㿴ҵŮǺúõġ
εʱЩɣڤڤеӰ죬ͬԼһ㣬˸Ӧ
Ȼ㲻÷ɷ¡ѰĴǣ˫Ħ/³:һ𵽰ͷġ
㲻Ǹɰ˵ִ֮ôôˣ
Ϊ̫ãԺʧȥ
ΪΪ΢ô:Ҳˡ
ʵõǧĳŵԼأŮ

黳л£з֮£ҵģǳ˻һŴķɿõܳԣֻȥ
鵽̣һ磬㷢˺üλˡ
ݳ޵ӣƳ¿ʽҲҪǮ˼𡢹ټҹӵġ
ƣõˣһеġеȻ鲻㣬Ŭӡ󲻴
һжɣˣ㵽ؼһʲôѵ
ǸƽͰ͵:ˤ˶ռ⳥
˰ѵĶˤˣ
Ǹһ㿴һķ飬ӣɤӵ:ηǼٻȫ˸ɾ
ĶΪ䡢ƷƷĺ̽ȲʵΡнõ̶רŵĲʯʲôƷʵĻӦʲôĹ˿ͣһлʵͯŲ۵ּ
ΪӲԸ⳥֣ͷ˲ҽ
ⲻǵ˲·ôüͷһ壬޴Ļƣ̧۴Է
Լ񿴵λһʱ벻ԺЦ:λӣ˵ǵǼٻ֪֤ݣǷʲô᣿
Ӽǰһ̬Ⱥ˺ܶ࣬:ҵˣ
ˣǰɡͷҵĶƷм١
Ӻߵ:Ҳܣ֮Ҿġݳһӹ쿴ء
ܿչüͷ:ⲻҼҵģӡǣǸڡ
ʲôڣҾҵеľȻģҪ˵ӹ̨ϵΣ赲
˴ˣĵٻҪˣ˳Ͽ޺һǮ˼ҳֱ÷һ
ҲǳصġҪȥٸӲͣ漴Ƕ֪ǳǶҶүɵĲ
ҵ˺ܿϵǸֱ׳:ĶҼӣˡ
ӷҺԼҲӹңӡû£ҪǮ
˵ģȺ˷Żšӳ˵š
ǸС粨⣬⣬ûзϡ
֪ţҪ·󣬷ͽ
֪ǲвͬԼĸ˵
úõĺ׵ģΪҪˣΥԼҪΥԼġ
Ķŵ֪:С㣬һԼ˰
ء֪ЦúᣬĳԼԿΪʲôأ
ܿ죬֪ԭ
лҪ˵:ܶ˻ʱ׶룬ûһչˣ׵ò
:˵ڵġ
:?
лСʹͶƿӪҺ~

27

հƳȥׯҪԼ˵ǲܽܵġ
̸ʱֽ飬ͬׯռӯ֪ҪռɣʵЩ
˶֪ͬ˵Ҫ
С㣬˵ǽԶţ⡭
Ҽ⣬ѯʵ
ԭܿλңöԷСеĿģ˭֪˾Ȼʱڡ
ĳһ£ȷʵӦóšҲӦ仰
Ҽͷ֪̹ˣұֱ˵ǶҲǰţԸֻׯ
˵º񣬵ݺܲ:ĳ̸۴£ǿ󸮵ĺȽǢ󸮲Ըұׯֻˡ
ң
뵽ǰϴȴϣǰµˡ
ЦһĽ׶ȥɣͷûȵʱұܳ⡣
ΪϴβϵµıͰ˻ȡǵĹʵ
ܿ϶֪һʼͬԼҺ
ҾԸֻɣΥԼҪΥԼ𲻵ͣǺͱׯҲ׬̫Ӳǡ
ǰѹûз£Ȼ֡
Ҳվ֪:ʼգСѵڸ𣿡
ȻʵˡҲƢġ
ǰ֪ˡԷţװǫǫ̬ȣӦںӵˣһĿڱ
֪˻治ں񷢾Цвһ˿
֪˽ŵϸᣬЩģ
:ֻ˵Ƿĳ飬ǲԸұׯֻźͬ󸮽ģΥԼĲ١

Լ׿ڣҧܾ:̸㣬ӴϿҺ౼ȴôߣӲţ
ۼҿʲСˡ˸Ļ档
ԼСˣ֪ȻЦݣǷС˺ܶࡣ
˿֪ˣֿ˿ŮҼʧˣͷ̾ϢƿϵĲ豭
ͷĲҶͷһ֪Ҽһֱϲ
Ȼˣׯ׼ΥԼ𣬾͵
˵ĿӴ˸Ĺۡ

վס
֪뿪ʱҲں棬ıӰȷ
Сɻ£֪˳ԺѾ߻ϣŲ첻
ûתĵϵҶʵ
ǲԼãǱΪ飿Ϊ˵ߵ֪ǰʣҲãҵĵ˶Ʒвˣ䡣
ǲסǶֻⲻǿ
ׯΥԼܻ˷飬ôͷأĪԺ⣿
ɲ˵С㡣ѾͬҽԼ֪˲̸ʱţɫ΢䡣
֪СΪһֱĳƫԵ߶ڱׯյĺϢ
ѣǹЦȥ
Լ󣬵Щα㲻ܼ۳Ҫô´ĥҪôֻܶ͡
ѯʱ˿ûׯ棬ֱԶԷΥԼ
һʱ䣬ҵϹ˿Ǳ֪£䱧ƽܾҳΡ
֮ǰû֪й֪˵飬㲻ôע˶ԷĻ˴νġϢ
ȥʱύѣϲռҶڵһ̱ׯĶʮ
㲻֪ôׯü
ҵƷҶɡ͵ǲѡǳ˳ʸйϲֱӾׯϹ
˼裬մ˻ʼҵĹ⣿뵽
ҶùϲׯˮǴߣȱ֮ˣȻͬҵС⡣
¶ǰûзʱׯҲͲҶǣѡ
ΪԼһϵиı䣬δҲ֮ͬôֻ͡
֪ûٿڳѷԼĻȭΪһɢû뵽
˵ʲôϵù¡Լֲϣעִ
ҹ꣬磬˵Լһ¡
²ߣ񸽺͡
ķƣ鶯˶
ʲôˣ
ʣ˵˵顣Ҳλףο:֮ˣֳԭΣͬǺá
ţ飬պǧƵ߰
񲻷ģȻɲţһأһ֪Է˵ԷɸȤġ
֪˳ʲô֪ЦˣáҪһ㿪
ԡֿʼ÷ģʽķ̸ˣ˯ɡ
˵кŮкİ鼫ԣ˯ţ˺ӵԱ
⡭Ҳ²ᵽӣᣬɵǺǵģַŵɸһδɵС
÷Լ̬ȣι:ģŮҶϲҷôÿò绨Ǻӳ͸ˡ
־þͣǴСŵ£˵Ļͬ
Ҫһ㣬Ҳ᲻ɣ
Ҳִȥ:ͦԵġ
ôʳҵÿȥĶŪ㿪θĳʳ
ȻЩĶ
޶ҹ˽ůʱ˷¡
лҪ˵~컹һ

28

ԵĶ, ͿɾСζʳŰ, ǶʱһԷ, θֱðˮ
ôҲСС, ƽջճзӦõķˣҲ÷ɸõز塣
ĳ˵һλóɽ֭Ƶ⣬໳еķɶ, ȥѰˡ
ƢãҪؽҲ㼱ȫƾ飬˺Щ򵽡
ó𣿡۰ͰһƷķɣǾһᣬǲ̫Ҳ̫ˣܳԵˣ
͸֬⣬һҧȥɬ΢
ȵϸϸ׽, ǹɽζǻȥʱⶼӿ
ﵴһƬЦ⣬µһ:ٳ
˲ˡ, ֮ǰͳһڣܲˡ
ǳĵ˵з׼ϲˡ
ϲá
ӵղ̫, ҵȥƣ㣬
һ˶Сӵĺƭ:ɲܶԣθˣ㽱
֪ˡǹɵط¸㣬һעġ
Ӱʧǰţ϶Ȼ
Դӱ֮˶ҵĲ
԰ΣӶˣҲֻðĴҡ
һ룬ʵҲ˵㣬Сȥ˺ö죬ĥǸû취ŷлġĿɼһߡ
š˵ʱЦݡ
ģѡ
ȡűߵĶС˵:ҲŰɣͬԼʫܳٵ
ѣеˡ
ҵĹӡڰλʱ˰鸶ӣΧӮ˺ߵĺøС
λҲϲʫʸ踳춼ЦеģԲԲ͸죬ʮϲȥǣͬȤϣܿѹϵ
ȵԼߵĶС˹ǰԺ
ڵūȥ
Լ:
ԴУҲû˵ԼİǣʱȥбԶﺢӵϲڴ
ΪҲһΪԷ仯̫еŤﻹϲõġֻͬ˺úദ
ˣ죬Ͻ£ۻ˰ɣòУѰ鰴λϣֽС˶һ
оһлüͣصģҺͺӶãûв֮
ŶŶǾͺá
صطʺ䣬תϵĽָһ
ȵ齫˴룬ſڡ
鰡֮ǰأҶ˵ɻ⣿
ҹֹǰŮСϾĵԷΣ
ȷʵ̫ϲԼΣֻ
ǵ˹һ¾ʹ˻ϻӣǻƵⲻϱġ
ɲǰŮУһжΪСá˵֮вܾܾҼСȢ˸
û˵Ȣʲô֪˵Լڵ΢Ŀ⵭Įξ
ȣҿܷӦ̫ˣ˵ػȥڼȻкˣúøС
һһ䣬ð鲻Ҫ黳ȵʾû䲻ðһ仰
ڲʱգС˴źСɣ
˵ʵĿġ
ŵӵʱУ䵽ʱ졣
ǡҪĺԺˣ
ΪӾʹ˰ԭвƽ⻰ڰ鲨ĺУըһȦˮ
˳Ŀ⿴Ǹ˳Сˡ
ԼԴһЩüˮۣߴӣԼؽ


ôĹĵģ
Ϳȶ԰񣬺ƽʱѵĬúܡ
濿СĳһԲˡ
¶СѽƿͿԶ
ֹС¡ԽԽǣͿͷ
Ҳģ
ϾĸȻеҲŵһ˿/ҩζ
ʰͿڼʱ:ţƳ£鲻̫á
ʱʱϰˣŴȥ壬Ϳֲһ:ȥ
˵ǿǵ˵ˡϵǺô
:ţ¡ȥԺʱ鷿鷿ſڴ
С~ڵ£еðתǧء
ʲôëˣⲻǵߵС
лҪ˵:һֲĸо

29

, ϵĺ, ϸСˡ
ˮ, ۲ӯӯСӽںڵķ, һֻ΢ǳɫĵ߱¶
㡪䰡
˿Χû
ûͺ̾, һƬȻС:ҵң
СҧԹ
еͷԡ
ǰһ:˵£ûˣϵôԺܡ
С𱳺鷿šüƿ鷿żһû״˳
С㡭
С𴩵õΪȻ鷿ڴ˵Ⱥ紵û䡣
ûиԼס, ֱӶԼˡЩѿɴ߶С
ÿΪСȲ裬ɫ, СӦὫԼ°ɣ
˭֪ȵĿˣܵ鷿飬С͵
С˶š
ô顣
Сһһ˵ؽԼ, ƣŲڴ:㵽ʲôģ
ǰڵǶСˣСǸ˲ˮģȽ죬ڴˡ
ƽ˳໰
ȥǶͺǺܸˡ
ǰͿŸ˵ĻСϵּԷڵǰؿԼʲôס
԰ͿԸ:Ҹ˰ͻȥ
С㣬˵ˣźūΪ̡
СָսԼͻȥ϶Ҫһͨá
Ϊᣬʱûġ
źʲôȥͬ˵ҲҪ
ͷؽе:ͿϽȥ
ӺҪˣͿæ:ǡ漴һָС˵ɡ
С죬Ȼ
񲻽ֱԺߣѾһߴ٣ֻε뿪
Թġ
ǰ˳˭֪ԺӾͱסҲţԼСߡ
ǶĴ

ֱ˵˸ߣҪȥ屦ˡȥ˵£ﶨȻǲġ
Űڣ߽㿴̽ͷԼ߿ƼԼɿ˻ȥ
ɵСҲͦúڷ⽫Ųأű㺰:顪
һ£ɶӭ˵һ䡰ˡ
ʱɵı֮С
ֻڵϿ飬һظѩõëһַҳ񣬼˿
ʱ͵úƤȥںɣѾһİ취
ǲǲ̫ۣٵյƿɺãڵع塣
鲻תһȥҲŶֿѩ:ͷòҪͬӴӱ𴦡
зӦˣ§ӣıϣ:Ҿ뱧Ҳô
ǲУ̫ˣá
ıߣϿյģڿɰСѰҵĶҲ֮ʧ
бͲԼ԰ź˴Ҳ֪ΪͬСãڲӡ
۽ޣëһСӣް̵ͬľż
ʮʱδб˻Ρ
ʱҲ侲룬˩סԷģͽԼģϸá
ͬ׺󣬴µ뷨
ʵֻɵע⣬תƻ⣬֪ӱߺ󣬷ɻѹͲ˵ˡ
ϷɵԷûзӦģ̬ȸ˵ġ
Ұ˽лȥˡȦסӣȥ۾
Էľľģü΢Ŵ
ѽ͵ܾҵ㲻ˣҪҵ뷨ҲԺˡ
αԼܡ
û˵Ҳź㣬ͬǱǷ֮߳һʷ򡣡
ɳƻɬ˫ַϣŬ򶨡
:쾭֮£
ǡҧ
޳ָĴ:Ȼ쾭壬Ϊʲôˣ
ûвˡ
ſ飬Ҫ:Ұ˽л
ļʱһ̧ͷȦۿɼٶȣѸٱ졣
𣬰Ŷ̧ȥһֻ:ȥˣ
ίѹţƵǱ˵ռһڰͷӿ֡
гУ࣬Լžǳīɫҹ
Ҫһô
߬½ǣƫԴ񿴵Լᣬ桭㡣
ȴԼû뵽ѹ֡
Ҳɿˡ
ˡ
׼ɵģ÷ֱ˵ױýΣܹ뷨
ϣǿޡ
ǸˡԼһ䣬±סӲԭǿķɡ
ˡֻϣһ㣬㲻ϲ£ֱܹӾܾûҪЩҡ
ܵھȡ
㿴ֿˣСްһŻ˵ʲô쾭壬ҵĻǲԸͬ˷ҡܺðҾ͸ʷ򡣡
̷:ҲǶʷ򡣡
鱻ĻΧ̲ס̧첲סŮӵĲ۾ʪġ
ԣҵƽⲻľܾˣΪ̫ϲϣڶˣѹȴ̲ÿױšӴ
ɻ˵߳ŭš
㲻ǣţϲ𡭡
͸ޣҲԼôãΪһ˲ͣر任飬ûʧ
ɵıף񲻸ҷˣϴ:Ǳжϴɡ
ǣ˳㹴:˵ȴǡ
鱻ѹڴϣǵضܼЩԾ
Ŷ:˵δ²ͬ
˵ͬҲû
Ű:ģ㿴⣬ԺűӽӲһ㡣
ʣ˵ƣܿʵ
ҪҪøˣ
Ҫ
ղǲǲˣ
ǡ
ڻ𣿡סɵѹĶӣڰüǡ
䣬ΣҲ˵壬ɬζɬֻʣµ
Ĵ꣬ԴѹԼжһ
:ˡ
΢ҡҷ̵ҶڽҲҲΡ
лҪ˵˵ȡ:ΪʲôҰӱߺžˣӲҪźô
æĳ壬ˣЩ
ڴ賿ҲӴ~
Ǹл:лСʹߡĵ5ƿӪҺӵ~

30

Ժ
СŮͦ, °鲻Ը, ԷȴûаֿܾͰȥˡ
Сߵ, 䲻, ԼҲø棬СŮͨͺá
Ȼϴ˵Сˡ

Сίգ, ֱð
ֻһ仰:Сģ򣿡
С㡣ūͲģûͬС˵ֱūߡС߷ߵ
ܹС㣬Ȼλ
ϻǰʮִȣһӶԺ˸е˰ɡ
ҪֻǶʶ壬ڶԷ룬ν
ǰַͬڸˣ
˵С۰ûбԹ߷磬ܱʾ, ŮϲԼ
ԼȾú޵ָףС𣬲̲:ȻҪ, ͻصԭְλϰɡ
СôܸġòиȥĻᣬڷԺˡ
ϵʱˣֲ, ˡ
ûáý˯þˣԸڵ㰲㡣
ȻŮϲˡԼֻΪʹŮСͨСŮ
˿Īǻһ겻壬ֻһ˫˵ĳŮ
峿¶Ө͸׺ܱ߻ݼ䣬һ㱻ҫëϵδɣҲƱʯһ㣬˲ߢ
ۣƣ۵زڴϣ촽΢ף˫𣬸첲ϰ߰ߵ㣬Ǳ۰ĺۡ
Ȼûһǽڵó˯ȥ
˯öׯ۲˯ˡ˫ֽڸϣһҹ任źʵɰ
˯ùԣºڡŷʱǿ޺˱ӣ˺˯
ʮʱҲ͹ԼɡСˣʱ;ܾ
˵飬سŮ֮жֻȢķɺá
ܾһΣףֻҪ˸ߣ㲻͡
ü۸ɾپ£۰β죬Щҹȡ
ǻŷɶӵģûӰ쵽ǸС
ȴ˵:˯
ǡСЦϥ
һߣ۾ˡȽСģȽᣬ۸Уûʡ
ӱ첲ϵĺۼһδС
Ҫô˯
еġ˵μͻ硣
黹ͭǶḧĴŷ
һαμᣬڴתͷС:˭
ġ
˭һҹӦˡ͵Ц
Ȼ½ʶλˡ
лҪ˵еС컹һ~
лСʹ¼ҹˡͶƿӪҺ~

31

칫ӣ
СҪ͵Ƿ, Ӧ
ͬҹӽ, μ, ԼӸ֮, ˵ᡣ
ΪܹǹӸȦӣӹȥμӵ˵Ҳʮΰ˴Σĺֹȵλɾ
ҪСԺ, С־ᶨˣԼһӻ
ЦؿȥϾζ
գھ͵׼˫վ֮ڣĺۼڿĵط
Ҳ֪£û뵽ͬλ칫ӽʶ漴ʧЦ鱾㡣
÷ʱ:ȥɣԵô
ԲҲΪҹư
һֵؿ, ԼŪġôʰһ١
͵:칫Ӻ⣬, һעġ
ͷ:ȥȻЩȥӡ
л
ɺЦлСģԼˣһڡ
񲻽̾һʼԼ˽, ὫڵֵزȻʹŶϧ
Ϊϲλ
ϺܾȡҵĹӰʣ磬ȴҲġ
̻ĸ̣λ칫Ҳֻһо졣ټҹӿ˳ͬﾭ̵ı˴ҲȽϡ
Ǵͻ磬ϱ䣬˵ǿĹ޵ˣʱԼɫһһ
˵ʹ:÷칫ӵ㣬Ƕݶ
鵭ȻһЦ
÷ϲμĴЩȲңԸãδ֮ǰѺܶࡣ
칫ӲǼټһǮ˼ҵĺҲ롣
Сϸӷ첼żҧͷ˵:Ҫ̫עĿ׵ɡҶͬĺõĴһûʶˣԱ߰Ȳ迴
ǸϲŬֵ͵ˡ
ĽʷŵһߣҲ:Ҳ򲻻֮ˣƵģ˳Щ˻Цûء
ڽǵѣĻл
ͬھʱࡣ
ֻǵλˣǰǾ鸮ĶӣڡֻǸ̼ҵ·ɡ

ˡ
ң츮ַɣСģ޲õŴҵ潫ֱӱ
ȻƺΪ칫ӣʵλ칫Ǽ޹˵ġ
ʱһҪ롣
λ칫ӺʱУ˷飬صºӶԸѡ
μͻӣҪôѾףҪôǹѷ򣬹̽СһĻ¶Ľ֮ɫ̲סԹ
˼ңٿҼǿӣңҽ顣
Ҳ˲мֹ:һ֪»飬ҷɻУʲôϡ档
Ůûζˣ˵ͷɣڳʱ˵䡰Щѡ
ע⵽˰顣
λƤ𪣬òڣ˵ʱ̬ׯԼҾܵý
ıʶԷ֮ңʲôʱ̻
ǣŰ:˾ͻؼңЩ򻰶ֶ۸㣬ͬ˵㡣
ŮӺӵĽʷʽ̫ͬ򵥣Ļܸܵ⡣
ᣬȷɱ츮ȥջĿ⣬æȥ
ͻ磬˼塣ս㿴˸ڳʢĻ䡣
飡йһβĻʷ칫ɢӵĻ
Цеӭ԰쵽ȥЪŰɣæ㡣
֮ǰλеĹӶԿ˶ǿ࣬鲻㣬԰ķӦ˹ע
Ĵ:˭ѽû
ҵġ
ң˼÷ϣ֪ҵˡ
ԵҵӾȣȷʵҹӳ
ѰһţҪô³ķΣҪô˵ҳ̣ڼҰԡ
ӡôȥǴкϣԼܹͬЩ˸ùϵǰӲǺܳɫô
ҡͷ:ûҪ˵˲Ҫ̫ڣⱻ˵ӣ
ܿܿȺ塣
߰Ĺټҷɣȥ͵̻ɣְǰ֣ǺԼһ͵ĬںŵڣҪôһ˶Ҫôͬ졣
ŵġʾ⿴ǰ
һŻЩ޵ڰ£:ҵ·ɣ
˵ǴӾģǾλ˼ҵĹӣô޵
Ī¹ϵ¶ͬͬе̻ЩټҵķҲ⡣
òӦûй˵Լıֻ˵ͨ˼ҡ
˾ðǿһ:ҿʲô仧˵
Ա߻ӣӦͬһģŰЦ
ʵ׼Ұ䣬һ̶ϣͬ˵仧ûʲôŴ̶鲻ɿ:λɾԡ
ڣɫ䡣
סŵŭúýѵ飬칫ӭбͣһ˽
飬칫߹ѰһߣܸԼһѣ֣ҵһرϵˡ
߸ƹȥӡԷһޣᣬҲԼ
㲻ˣɫɷס
칫ӳֵҲʮ𾪣˼Ű:㣿
ԣ칫Ӽղԣʵ:ʶ
ֹʶھǣʱʮҪõ
ֵĻ䣬԰˵Ѿһ̡
鶨˶һָɫһ㣬òЦ
Թӡ
Թӡ֡
ԡ
Ĵ˰ĸ˵ʱ˵ͬĻ¡ǸԼҡ
лҪ˵Ҹоö࡭
½һֱزطüˡ

32

Թ, 
˵仰, Ѿܹƽպѡ
ĵ׶ʹֻԼ֪
ʹĲǵλݵĲԵȡǱԼƵڵؿƺ, ʱ, Ƴű󣬶֮˽ϵЬ
ԹѿԼǱģȴִܺӴ
ô飬֪֮ʵ
ɽһλ͵͵еĺ, Լ޷е
ҹӲ֪˺£ܿ϶ľԼλ˹ȥʶһβദ
ɵп࣬ǲǰˡ
칫ѿ̴ظҲųصǰ԰
칫м䣬һ·Ŭһ⡣ЦӦͼ䣬ֵҰףһֱûл͡
˺ܶ࣬칫ΪˣҪС
˵ദ, Բ״̬а顣
Ҳ֪ʶʵġɷҵ, 밢ս١
˵£ȴ֡칫˭Ҫã˺˭ӳڰ۾
칫¶, ĴĻ:ġ
ʲô٣Լûֵѡ
ǲܽɽγɴַ֮ơ
ʹҺ԰ԵʮֱĲá
԰ܵͥ踧١ͥʯˮ죬ˮСУиʽ̺졣
־ɣǸϲгʫС԰
ҡָǰ׸ðıȽϣȻԼδ¹ȥ
ңô
ڰ鱳
̸Ϲֻ֣ǻزȥŶԷ
ӣԼҼ۾̽֡
ҡ
޷⡣
ȷʵǾԼҽӦиõ¡
ѣ׼ҵˣ벻Ͱ׼ˡ
鲻ãյʱύҹӵţ㵽ɢġ
Ҳ֪Ҳ顪
ʼվܲסǴץŰĸ첲ɼΪ鸮ӣ֪ҵĿ
аֵܶ޸Ȩ󣬶֮ˡ˵ֻҪ˵׼ңý׸Լѡ
ʱʱڰ˵:ҽԸ׸Ҳûϲˣ˵׺ͰأôСӣٺò
ȴϣҸġ
׼ҵҲûܼ޵ǵ޼ң֮ŮӲ⡣

ֵ֣쵽ͥĳ֦齫׹֦ͷĻֿ
˭ࡣɲԼߡ
ûֽͬ
칫˵٣һعںãǳտЬµᣬҲ޷Ӧ
ֻ֦һֻ̣
ṩ˷ʢϯЩò¡ӣ̫󣬵Ӱ̥ܿ칫ǡ
㾹У칫һǸΣǵЩȥдܣ㣬һҪ
ʵϲ飬Է֣ܽһͬ档
飬밢֡ȻǾǴټҵĹӰɣ
ȥǡˡ칫ӵҲһԼϵ֡
˺԰С÷ĵطԼҹҪ뿪Ͻߡ
ȥԼʱûд⣬ֵ£ⲻ֪顣ֻ֪ڼȥҲûкԹ
ʶȤûʰֵ¡
˴£ǰ뿪·еһŮӵЦ
ҵСϥ:ǱǴŮ͡
ԭҲһڼͻǵߺȾƣͷ
Ǹ֪ɡ
˵񣿡
Լ䣬ʶĶ濴
ǡһλŮҡȣһھƣ̧ͷķ
лҪ˵̫дǧ֡
Ŀǰдɰ񵥣ҪСˡȸһ¶̵~
˵һ䣬ֻһСǣ֪˻ǰСɵλõ~Ҫ(RQ)

33

, ϯض¾ƺ˺Ȼἰ, ͣס
Ҳǲʶ̧, , ϱׯϧҿָȡҵĵλ
Ҳһ
˷, Ůӹš˵񣬴ǰΪǸѧģ˴νԼȴܽס
ǰͷλ֪˵ƨ:ô㿴ңôûءĪǾô˵۹
㣡
˶죬ǰͷռϷ磬Ǻ˵˹Ц
ȥ֪, ϴƮƮ˵£ڱЦ
ׯĲ˻ʹĿڣ˶, ֪˲Ҳʵ
˵֪˾Ƶ֪ЩŮУλС㣿
̸ֻһ˲䣬鲻עǡܵĴ̼Ѿࡣ
ջĿʱһŮڿԼ, Ȼңңٱ
һ͵ץУϽ׼ӿŲ
˼ţ칫Լμᣬȴڱׯġ
´һ츮ǲӦ䡣
ţ̤츮鿪ʼԼҵ
顣
ĺ
뿪츮ʱʱ仹磬չһ㡣üۣ񿿽˶ã
·岻ʣǰȡ
ûáͦ磬Ĳɷ϶Ķ

һ̻ھɥŵɫЦġѲ顱
ϮпϣԴֵس˳䡣
˯˯ůĻУܱϧҸ
Ѱһʵƽ§ס
ȷʵƣϸüѹϳ
ⳡ粻ͻô룬һȺӳԳԺȺȿģɲ񰡡
̽ѷɣֱؼңһ·϶ǰ˱š
Ƕʲôɲֵ⡣
ĻشȻҲ:죬ͻùˡ

ûлɣۡ
лҪ˵ݡʱϰһֱ˵дһҸϽ˯
£~
⣬ϣλСʹע壬ϴ֣žҪȥ˶ĵطǵô֣˳ԣٺͼݽӴҪҰζĸطҥҥⳡܿȥġ

34


˰, ˲Ծĵط
ΪʲôɱرճԼ
Ƥ, ɬ, ֻίѹ, ŻֳΪ
ڱϲ֡
ô
΢΢¡ѾЩԻİؿ
ǣ, ۰ָ⣬Է˳ָߡ
˵:ȻҸһȥ
ĳֹöΡ
֪ģ黳в¶һ㣬ӾͱȳҪһЩĵط˺ܶ࣬°ѷĵûͬ⡣
ȥʲô˵ˣǶһ㶼棬ʱæܹ˼㡣
ٴξܾ, Ҫͬһ
ͷͷ:ǺԽԽ˯˯ǰ㣬Ҫߡ
һ˵βѡ
ȷʵæ
Ϊؼʧ, ںüæ㼴μԣǮƹȥǼС㶯ͳҡ
һһƱġ
ЩǰǴ˼ǳ׺, ϽĶȻǡ
ԼΪŬҲļ˰ææȥ
ԭҹҪãԼһ֣츮ŵĴԱ١
˸ʣʲȻ
ðɡֻܴӦעԸ壬Ҫʲô˵ͬˡ
ƽŴ򿪣Цʺ:硣˵꿴ͷһλɴɾ
þˣԴ
ҷɣʲô
ƻȻ:ԭǶҷɡʵʵȥҶơ
ҵ㣬һ¥˳Ʒ¥˹дϢ
Ҵ㵽¥ȥɡ
쵽ԼרϢ
һĹ˿ͲҪ棬ӴµĳԼµĹ͡
ȥæˡϹ˿ţ¥ߵʱ:չ˺򡣡
첽¥뿪
һ뷵أһڷ:ͺӶԹԵģ緹ʲô
鰴סǵüģЦ:Խ˿Ǹܿ
Ȱ:˵ٳܿǻģ
šáȰҲӦ
ٴתȥ
¥ֻܿľɫڹϢķ䣬ġ
ͷЬߣ̫سš
һߣΪҪ̡Ȼֻŷ첹ȻǼݡ
Ϊιֻа
뷨ܼ:иʱһ
һʱת˲šüͷ˵˵¥ϡ
һ߳һ߶Է˵Ϣ:˼¹˿ͣǱˣǵݵġΪϲǼҵΣ˺üͷ档
ͦµ̼ţҪǺ
˵üɫ裬ȣ鶢ǳԡ
ǰǱʫ飬ʱ򣬵Ůӡһֱ˵⡢ӯȫϰĻ롣
ƫƫԽԽá
æʱڼȥ飬š
ȺҴȥΣ̫£벹ȥׯϵ㣿
á˵:ǶԺ£ҲҰɡ
ԴӴ˵ºз£עȼɣûüˣķǰ顣
ؼҵϣ§ĲӣȥѪյŮӣܵס
Сӣ㵽Ҫʲôһŷɵơ
ȫӡеı˲ͬˣջ˲֪Ĵѩá
ôˣϵɻ
ŻȵϣΪԼ÷ģ˭֪Էȵŵͣ
ӣĺӡѵ
š룬ֱۡ
źɣһȵ˯š
Ϊѡ
֣֡
лҪ˵һ£ġȻٸһ¡Ҳǽ~

35

̫, ʪСԺɹůġ
ҩͯŷ, ץҩ, OO@@
, Ĵ:޲֮ϸٿһζµĿθҩͷ¹Ӧʳ
ҩ, һ߳Ժӡ
ȥܿ:һɻ󣬻ܽ𡣡
˸:ǣǡ
޾۶ӡϰΪ֣еѻ³
ΪģһŮˣζһ˵֮£
伲ҽҪáþòԣ
ǡ
ҧ˵ڿɻ쳣, 룬ڷ£
˵͵ͷЩ, Լͷһ£Ρ
λ治ɫ:Ŷ
ͣƤģڷ֮µĻ
:, ·ӣڷҲԣ󡭡
ݣۣҡͷ:ͬ˵ļ
зʱ򣬵λ򣬴ӵһΣͿԷѹ֡
Ϳ:Ҹģпհɣ
ǲϲԼ˴˵ļˣǿ϶Ρ
֮ǰɱ´̼óڰ׼ǡ˻ʹУο˺ܾãԼķα겻α
˵:ڹ󸮣ÿֻΣгкȣ·ܲС
˸̸᷿
̸Уڴ£ŷַɲֹԼһ֮
ǰҲţһܻмΡֻиԼԸ
ԼѩѾˣӵԭ򣬱úᣬҶëӰ̥ȰɽٱӣԷÿضӦһֱϷſ
ºڣ˯ǰһյƣԱҹȻˣʱſľǺһƬ˱ǴΡ
ϸԽ࣬Խ⡣
ɻеʱ䣬ǡæԼĲ̫ճˡ
ʲôԭ򣿡˻¶˵
ҩͯɶ۾Ц:˵鲻õ
ȥĳʲôˣʵ˳ҩͯ
鲻ԾǴ뿪츮ץͷ:˵û°Ҳ˵һ
츮ʲôˣǱ۸ˣ鱻۸˵СҲԼ
ⶼҵĻ
ǾǲԼ֪ˡ˻ǣĵĿֻš
ǹˡðһ뷨ǿ϶
ѵǸʲô˻ģδޣ
ԣͻĶп͡
һҡ                        
лҪ˵:Ҳ~

36

Ӳ׷ʷ, ʵ䷴ţһ, ò׽Ľ, ֵñǰǰĮ
ټŮӡȻ̫Ů˽, ȴǸ
ϸסڹ󸮣գܾսš
˶ܿ, ˺پһ𣬶Ǹæġ
̧ͷ˼ǣ
ǲ뷨˵:֪СпУɴɵСסӿ̸ġ̥ɾ顣
˵
°˼:Ǵţ̫æˡ
Ҳ÷ɹõӣе
ϸֻЩ飬ȻǿС㡣
ôһ˵, 񷴶ӦЩɳȥɢġ
ˡԼңﶼţʲô֮
Լļ, һҲ棬̬û䣬Ӹ⡣
ֲǳġŮܹܵԼܶࡣ
Ҳ, һҲС
ϣɳȥܹЧԼ¡
ĳСİ뷨
ȥסһʱɺã
:ţ
ɫľչʱʱĲƷУȸջʱࡣ
ȥķ۴ֱͦıǣ˫ۺű֮ɫβеˮ⡣
ġ
ûסĲ:˵·ݻ󣬴ȥΣ
ǰԼɳ׺Ϊ棬ȥطɽˮһ
أҪǣŷɵ֡
ĵؿ:Ҫӣ
ҿԾ콫ͷ´꣬һ󡣡
һ
ˡڼͦãûҪӿ̣ǰļƻ¡
ܾˣǨԼԸ鷳
Űָ֣ӣ̬ǿӲ:˵벻ȥ
롣Цŵ
治룿˵ȥʱԿܿɫ˲²͸
֪֫:Ҹ˳ȥˣ
ˡ
ˣ˵˳ȥ:˭ȥ
һ߶һȥС
:ҷɲԸȶʱ⣬Ŷˣ϶Сһ
ǿңֻзȥʲôⰡҡ
˭⣬˭ǰ
ûġѡǵسƺţΪӡ
ڰʱڣ򴽡
ġ
̲סӿЦ⣬װû:ʲô
һȥɣЩˡ
ⲻͶˡɵĻش񱧽
鲻ˡ˺þã:ͰҺô
ȥѡˡ뿪ԼȴòӦ
ⰢȻûãǡɫôѿ
һŶӣпί
ζϽ:ѣŮģһ˵
˺Լ죬֪С
û˵壬Ҵȥ˵һ
ǰ˳¥꣬һĿ:治ǻ¥ӣ
Ǽһ֪ΪҵԵʣ齫ϳ˻¥ˣݺݳЦ룬ʹ֡
ǣ治ǡ
С㡪
ƻյİͿżͷС
أѾͷʲôͷӦ:л˵
˵治˵Ϳ˲亹֪ͷ
ǳɡ
鷳ҸʱᰢͿһ٣ʲôëֱ˵
Ϳ˵ʹסˡ
绪ںţ˵ء
Ϊ棬Ҳ˳ǡͿԡ
:绪ӣ
лҪ˵:ôԼֵúˣ
һµ~

37

ʱͽԭ, պͷ˵һ, ھԼ
ӡǻ¥, ȥ˼ҳСġ
ڸ߷, ֻСԷֶûŲ
״, ԼšȻʵʵ˵
زٰ
绪˭
һεģðһݡ

˵˵أȷʵǾúλ绪װףӰɵ顣
ǲ
:¥һλӡģղģ飡
û˵ͿɺҲ˲Ǹӵ׷ڰݡ
ϣսݣ:Ҫλղ
ġ
Լ˵ʵλȷס
ûм޹֮ǰ, Ѿǻ¥ͣǷȾ֪
һʼΪķǡһĶ, ٲȥ¥ֲ˭齥ͽԺ
ǰΪ뵽гס, ÿضȥ¥֪ҵĹأ֮ǰɴ˻ظ
ѾףУһСλ绪ˡ
ԽԽãѶԷؼҡ
ͺҺȻȲ裬˵飬Ծ¥ĵһ㣬ż˱ɣûҪ
͵ֲǿˣʲôֲǳҪԡ
ǰѾΪ˵ȥ棬ҪֻҪ񡭡
ǧ߻б˵ĿܣСǴΣ㷢ԼԸͬ
˵ֻУֻһ˵ġ
ɴͷ˵仰
ԷɶԼĲΣЩżʧ䣬Сģֻϣǰӵ
ĺûʲôͲȥˡھͰ˸߿ɺãϸ
˼㣬ʲô
Σˣ´أ
Ҫ
:һͬȥ
Ҳȥ
Ȼգ
ɻкȫ侲ˡҲԼעɵĺǰԼĹȥǺ󻼰
һڰϡ
飬Ҷһһ⣬ǰҲûԱ˶ģûܹϵһȥŪ壬ܺúùѽ

ҷԼߡ
̫Զ㡣ұŰɣطٰ¡
ͦġ
ҧһ·Լ
쵽ţ񻳱뿪ϸݡ
һˮɫ԰ݣױεĿſⲽ
С㣡
ЩҪץסԷ֡
Ͻ㿪
ɾߣžΪԷ⣬ٷ¶ˡ
绪Ҳǣǰǰӣôһץ֡                        
лҪ˵:ˡ
лСʹߡͶĵס¼ҹˡͶƿӪҺѰѰ10ƿӪҺ~
ҶԲȸµСɰǣд̫
ĵڶ£
Խ絽ڼ仹һµġ

38

绪û, Դ˲, 񽹼, ƽյĵʧ
ֱӶ:СȾҰɣ
Ȼľٶ֡
¥ķ绪Ӳò, һѺɤӣתһɴ䳪ż, ܸоԷĴݲȡ
ԼȻǳˡ
ʲô鷳һɻ:Ϊƫƫ
ɡ
һĽֵΧסŸѾС˵ļˡ
һ¥Сܵˣ£ı˼ףڸ洫ʵ֮ԡ
ǡ绪侲վ̫ûͷˣſ
ľ²ϷС, üĿһɴ
λǡ
İڳ绪֪òڴʱ˵Լ¡
ҷɡѰߣԷ绪:ұϾѳɼ, ͲǶˡ
ԭ򡣡
绪Ȼ
鲻ڵı飬Ⱦ³꣬ģŮӵ˼úס
Сڸġ
绪ףλͬ, ɡ
ּ鸹Բ󣬼һ䡰Ů
з绪ӱֵʮȻ󷽣΢΢ˡ
ԼͰ͵ظԵʷ
͵ܳģʱȥֻæҲйء
Լйأ£̸ͤ
绪˵úܿ졣
ԣǰŲСײһŮӡ
Ůӽ񣬻ǵɨ绪ҪǿдؼС̡
¥ĵϣҷĵͷ׬ЩǮҲ˵³ģߣǮɲ͡
绪˶٣εؿ
ޱ顣
˵ҾǸЦվߣҲҶԡǮ٣飬ҳӵˡ
ûΣ֮ͬĵǰ顣
㲻Ըίôʡ
Իӡ
绪СƮ㣬òǩ¥գֻѰһˡС㣬ǰҡ
˵ֹˡ

鲻̡
кľòУñԼǰ
ʲôԴףﲻǴҪġͬΪӣ֪ӵĲס
Сɵϣɵÿɰй۲쵽ıȷɸࡣ
´Сģ
浱ô
Է棬ΪɹĻᣬ뼤Լŭ
Сĵķ:ϣôŮ᣿
ԼɾҲ޷竵ĳƺš
С߻¥ģΪһǧ
绪һ̧ͷ⡣ƽʱر˵ЦеŮӣӡвͬ
ĪԸ绪һġ
Ұ㣬ʲôô
ϰϰ绪о紵͸ġ̫߹ԼΪԷһ֡
ϣˡӻ¥ܳ˶ѰԼһʱ֮䣬亹߳
򡭡
񷢾ǶϷ绪˵űߣ½:˵˵
ӣ֮ſ֪Ǻá
٣ǿ׼Ҽ¡
û˵Ըæü:Ͻɺͳûҵ˼ǲƾʲô㣬ʲôꣿ
绪ס漴һϲѿڶ:ԸΪţ

лҪ˵:Ҫǿǣװﲻˡ
лСʹѰѰͶ8ƿӪҺ~
ôоԼ⼸ԽдԽ~

39

 绪Ͱɫֵֹ, Ųе塣
Ǹ˼
, ҵСˡ绪λ֮䡣
Ӧһ, Ҫʲô
˵, ڻ¥סһˡ
ǰĽеɻ󣬽һֱûڳλ
࣬ʶ
绪˵Ǻ˾ƵŮӳЦ, ֪Ϊ˼ŭԼҲЩݡ
Ϊ֪˵ĻԼҾȻڱˡЦ˲ʶʱ
ҵĺվһģСආֲš
ڻ¥泰ŮӶׯϵܽ˼ҡ
Ϊƨӽׯ
ײһΪԱһѱ
ʶСġҪ
绪ʱ֪ͼڡ
:ôࡣҶкβ֮, رǣȫ
ɰͳһöƵݸ绪:ҽ˻ȥҪ, ֣ҡ
ǹԱý¥Ѱ˶Ϊ̻Ǹһ϶ԷӲӲ
лС, 绪мúöࡣ
绪ʱһһ׳ʵ
û¥ж㲻
ؿڵһʯͷ£ૡ
࡭
ԹСϽͬһ
ɢķ˿õ󣬷ɵͷ֪ûС
е̹ǰ£¾飬̥
ȵ˱»СԺ
Բˡ
ǰ룬˶ѳСɽܾٽͶι
£˸Ķݡ:ٳԵ㣬һ㡣
ɴ˱Լϣ:Ǿͺȵ
Сһι̫Ϊ顣
鶯˶ס:ŤŤȥСϱ۸
ֻùԹι
Աˡ
ϵ⣬Ҳչȥ
ƵذѶ:˺öࡣ
֮ǰʳº󣬰Ȼθڣÿ첻ֹٷ
С͵ĵ𣬹ⲻơ
ڼ£ڻ԰ߣҲֻгԱȽȤ
칫٣ǰ鵥Ķܡ칫ϴϵ֪˻Уżͼŵ
ϣ칫Ӵݾ飬˵зܻԽԽ֣ҪŬأָܻġ
ŮӡӦöϲԼķһɡ
ɵĶġ
Цŷ:ְ㲻֪ҿϲˣطݣ֡ҰͲ˶һ㡣
Ũܵĳ΢Լĸ첲ȶԭñ֡
;òÿˡ
¥ЩӣĸԼأûϣֵġ
š
ǲ:Ůź򡣡
Ȼۣɲ
һѶԷЩ׷ôź
ź㣬źѽСڣ
˺ţˣû˵ػÿ˯˲űۡ
Լԩ
Ҫ˵öԷӻг룬׷
ʵܲɰʵ׵ľ
תˣЭ:ǣźҡ
С㣬ˮˡⰢͿ
ףǽеôô
Ϳƿţڵľ˽ϺЦ:ֱˣ͡
ͣ
񡰺ߡһѾͷϸŰɡˣñС˰æȰŮӷ㡣
ò:ȥɡ
˸ߣ񽫰ϵȥʼźɡ
Ϊϴš
ʵˮһƻڿСȵˮŰ˫㣬۰׼Ⱦ糺죬ѪҺͨ

һϸĵˮģڷɽϣһԿ:⹦ɲǸǵģ֤˯
Ҫǵİҹ˯ãجΡͷ۶ۡ
ۼׯĹţˣЩũÿһ͵̹㲻
̬ȣ϶Լ
ͷϲ÷ǣ˵Ӧÿһ䡣
ϴţɣ˽ˮָɲɢ
üĿ档
źλٻ׷ɵһö
üϷ:ˣС𣿡
ˮ΢:˯ʱȾ͸ˡ
ϣ
ϴʲôʲô
ϸܵչðɲ٣һֿʼºڣǰ顣
ٿ
ѹӣ԰˯
̫ˡ
ɵԴԱߵĵƣȻ磬ůƵĹڣҲڰ
Ǻڡ
ԼȥַŵԼ·ͶĺӣŮӵ¡
һȻ˯ú㡣
лҪ˵ˣˣ

40

֦ϸֳ, 紵, ζ, һ̡
, г̬֮
ɢɹ̫ʱ򣬰鶢, ʶٵͷԼ
΢΢ͻԣ֮ǰϸ֫һЩ
ģ⡣
˵칫ӷΪк÷飬ԷԸʼܡڴ֮ǰúܺá
ԼˣԳ֣ɷա
ֻܰοԼзҪĹ, ºӱá
պƹ񽻴Ҫ¡
鷿ǳϤɵճֱӵ԰ѰӰ
飡
ỷϷɵ, Ȼ:ܳȥ
޾ϲ΢΢Ц:ⶼæô
Ϊնֳŵ鵽ׯӳÿڵʱ䡣
òʮ, ꡣ
ǰۼҵׯкüԭȥ⡣ŵ֪һׯũںɽȪ
ζΪȪׯ
˲֤ȪˮԵ£֪ȪôɵǶ
˵Ҳɣзͷºͺ¶ˮнݣڸպм䡣
Ȫ
ھʱԼҲͬһ𣬵ѼȪׯ档ĹӣʵİգټȪء
û˷ܵڶ˵ĻȻȥܰĻС
飬Σ
˵ûеõɵĻӦֶԷǰ
ǻɫ
ס˫ۣᣬСϪ:󶼻õġ
񽫰չ˵΢Ŭ鿴
֪ԼĲأҪǵ硣
õģкӡ
ȻҲôųı仯ڴеСԼߡأ
鲻¶ݵЦ:֪ġ
ָת:ǣбһͬȥ𣿡
ȻôѾСˣȻׯУ
:ѴҲϡ
ȥׯ£Ҽ֪ͬˡ
ȥȥɣСעչ˺ɡСŮȷʵۣҼͷҲá
ǣмºҪׯ̥
Ķӣ°룬¡𣬾һзԡ
ĥ:ǺӸ󡣡ǰ¾£ҲʮճԵöЩûʳ
˴һۣͬΪ˫̥
˫̥ǿɲۡ
֪ܣϲ
˫̥ΪŮȻ˫̥ΪУǾǲ֮ס
ҵСŮ˵˶
ʼƻ£ɣϣԸԳ
С񰡣עĶӣʲôһҪʱҴ򣬴ҼҶҪվſڵ
Ͱ鶼ã:ΪλǻҪ˷ܡ
÷ҲеضͰҪԶһŶƵġ
ʰһУѾСˣԼԸĴ׼
ȵҡ
۵Уѭ
ܵöͷðСȡ⡱ţСҲʹӣġ
ƣŶ᲻СùСøءһЦ
ŵĵ÷ΪȻ
˭֪СһŬǰǰһˣȡ
۾գ:ҲȥŶҲȥ
лҪ˵㡭㣬賿ɡСС
лСʹֵǡͶĻ~ʵжˡ

41

ȥʲô
÷, Ҫӱ, ϣú÷г̡
ס, Ҫ, ƴҡͷ:ŶҲȥ
ۿŭԷּŵСƨɣԲ:Ǳȥ, ǶһСӡ
ҲԼֶͷɶһЩദʱ⡣ŴȥСġ
ţڻ:Ϊͬȥ
ֶ򱣻úܺãţֲǻõӣƫƫҪߡ
űڴţ÷ûи¶С֪ġ
, ¶С׷ϣܡ
űԼҵʹ̵ľСù, ʱΪˣ˵
ȥȥС֡
ҪȥǸׯԭֹϵģȥļǶ, ʶһС顣
ʲôСֵֶģŶԣùùøǾڼ档С֣Ҳ֪
ǺңûпׯϵˣݺҪڵͷܵСӣԼۿɰĴӱȣ
ҪȥСø
ʱСһֻܰϣڰϣ˫:Сø
ӹȥͬڸ･׽ƽնԷܶ£ȥׯȥ¡
Űɣһչ˵ġ
:
ɶ˵ˣֻõͷȥȰ÷ϡ
վһ߶Цûпǻ̬Ҳ޹ء
ֹ:أСӳײɶô죿ɸҿˡ
÷ֻͬ⣬˸ϽʰѶϸϸ
һæµܹϳͬ˵ǰȪׯ
ڣһʼϲõ棬ˣſڰ˯š
ɡºѹŷɣ
ͷɻλãֶ˯ˣίؿ:ֶˡ
鵣ĳţҲСŤͷ:ûѽ
¶ģԴţš
ŶҪʲôСôʱͬɶģοԼ
ǵ͵ĿʽԷ·ϱ˽ٳ֣ʡ棬Ƥ̺ӣмǸСӣʳˮ
Ȼʻƽȣǲģ:£һҪͬ˵
̹ȻĹػЦ
ˣ˵:òã
á
Լż᷸ͯģϵ:ȻǺá
ȵľ仰۾һЦ
յǰָһ:ţţ
˲Ͷˡ죬ҲЩȣƿ
ҧŵģѾ˯죬С˵:Ŷء
˯˿СǰңӰ಻á
Ϊʲôͬԭ֮һ
Ҫ˼źӡ
룬Ժ˱϶۰ġͬɹȶʱʱҪС޽á
Ҿ˵㲻װԴף÷ɿԼı顣

鲻֪һ棬Цã¡

ţƵ

ⲻ
ȵоɿԼļͷ
ģ̲סŤͷ
῿ԼƵǰ۱΢̣һڿ羰
ߣһ˿̧ͷĴ
ȻѼΪ˸Уһ̬ϲ֪Ϳʲôᵽ㡣
޻һֵţòһ§ţһס°ͣǡ
꣬˶Щ鶯˫ο糺졣
ȫѹţòۣ񿴵˶Էеˮ⡣
Цһˣϲõò:飬ôԽԽˡ
˲ǣŬָȻɫ
˵ʲôأ
лҪ˵:ٺ~
лСʹӪҺôô~
лСʹֵǡĵ~Ͻסһ

42

ׯĹһȺ˹վǰ, ȴҵĵ³ʱ, Цϼ, ֺǺ˰ӡ
, Ŷȥǰ顣ɫףǿŲʣס졣
ȥӷ, ˳ؿڣޱȹСµһת֪Ӧصź˭
ø
Ҳĵ߹ȥǣϰ֡
ʻ·ϣøദʱڸﻹ࣬˶׽
ǿ¶Цݣϣ֧վʻ̫ˡ
ںͷҪסԼҹӣ񲻷֣ӽׯӿʼȫչ, ĬĬ쵽һߡ
µ׼ˣǳԲ, СҲ᲻˷ɶʳá뵽ӦԷ
С㣬ǽͳԵ嵭θСΣũԼ֬ܲɿڡ
š
λһܵ, ؿһۡ
Դȥֶ꣬ԷΪ˸Ůծ˽زץסİѱȴûи淢±ǹ
ùãȥС𣿡
ҡҡֱۣСʡ
ǵʱǰͷȥŶ𣿡
ۡ
ʵشСһ˸ǷⱧ˵Ĳӷ
ɵСӡЦ
ù˷鿴羰Ȼ٣ׯȴжصȻ⡣
紵ðķ˿΢𵽶ָۣԶ԰:ܿǶֵʲô𣿡
ԭؿڷƣ극ɢ٣ϷܴµϢ
Զ԰ӣñϳ٣
أʡ
ɫ£ϸãһǡ
̫Ѩϣƽºӵ档
Ŷȥ棬ȥժӰɣȥȪأźˡ
á
Ͱס᷿ġ
ɹ½˾Ĳãƽյϲãӵӻ棬߽߱ǽǶϲͷ
ͷڴϣϰԵ׷ɹĶͷ˳˳ɰĽëµıǣٵ۵Ĵꡣ
˳ӽǣûֻ顣
˵ʲôͷ:СùСø
ѽ룬Ŷҹˡ
һţȻšһСͷΪż̫ߣֽŲõؿԽ
ʱҴҸϵСү˵˵ūһȻʱԼˡ
űݣͰλӵ˫ۣ˼СүҪ˯
۾ģ⣬ЬϴԽ񣬵˰ǲࡣ
Ű飺Сø˯ºڡ
ڸǸ׵÷˯żҲͬһ𣬺һˡ
һˡӦֶķɣ̾
ŶºڣҲºڣһ˯
ұɡ
ʣùŮӣܺ˯𣿡
Сķﲻһ˯û˯
շͬ߱˹齡
ϲСøڶм䣬Сƨɶ񣬽§Ű顣
Сϲʵ׷ѹţŰ˭֪ԷԸ⡣
٣Ŷϲ˲ңҷˡ
Ű˵˺ܾõĻȵȣ˯Ķ԰̾
ǰֻǴ֪£ԭǰôࡣ
ǲ˵ɱԼܺϲ
ȵҲ˺ӣ˵չŶ鷳
ǰ񣬼ܹºӣҲжȥܡ
ܹڴźӳ鷳˵Ķ԰顣
ϣԼ£Ȫׯһв졣
ûνļûıˣÿܰȻ˯
㣬мһСޣҲԼͬһֻ֣ű˴˵ָŶԷ˫ֻʣǵİ 
лҪ˵ʱº˵ָ¡
лСʹֵǡͶ񵯺͵ס
лСʹߡͶĵס
ллǡ

43

Ŷ, ùźȥɡ
պԷֶ
ţ
żӿٶ, ҲϿȥС֡
Сׯһͨũĺ, Ŵ, á
ֶϲޣ飬С͸ŵС, 񶨡
ͺׯ֮ǰ˵ǰ㣺
ȥСӣܺӱȣ
ǰʲôȢ˰ɵìܴ˫ݵλС
ⱲӵԼûôںǷƥ䡣
ûܳΪСˣСְĸĸ˵˹µչˡԼҺȥǶ棬Ƿĵġ
飬߰ɡ
ҲǿθС嵭ʳԵñЩЦܾסҲ
⻰ֻѡ
Сʳ, ʳҲãһũСˣʡҪһֱסׯ, ˿϶ỳ
Ǹųү
֪㣬ͱһǰ̣ΪɺͺӵδŬ
Ц һס, ҵ󣬱źӣŶؼҡ
鲻˵˵ĻɫһȻ֪ηӦ
̵ĳ޴£΢򣬿ίˡ
վһҪˡ
ԲС᲻˵ĪǹΪӣҪ䲻ɡ
ƽ컬࣬úܣ˵ôôء
ҪѰһʵֵŮӡ
ŷɵСౡ˼£ǲܵġҷȥĶҾȥĶСβ͡
üĻбǹȸУ̧Ƥɨһۣ:Ҳȥ԰ˡ
סίװġദ£֪ƶԼ
һԼĬ˵Ūһˣ̺ˡ
Ҳ˶˼
ҵСβô
ŲҲȥˡ
񿴲ķ򣬴Ȼ
⿴һĻΪӴ򱧲ƽ˼ɢӡ
ãλʡ͵ĵơ
һͨЦ󣬶ջȥԼĹ԰
ѹ֦Ϲųٻɫӣϻδӳʮۡ
ǱصڱҲܻͦӭһס֦ժһӡ
ӹδŵǰŵһ˹㣬΢ᡣ
ͷ֪ھгʱμӱ˵ϯ˼Ұϵˮо١
˵ǣЩǱصˡ
ôˣɫ죬ʡ
档鲻˼ػص
ѾܹεضԼϲá
棿ҲְȰļҽͼ𵽸ϡ
:档
е棬Ƥǰˮ
룬ȻЦŵ˵ɵĶͷ
ȰʱҸŪЩˡ
ȥĶŪɲô򵽵ġ
ģ£ŵ㵽ʱųԾͺá
ģ
峺˸źڴļ硣
⻹м٣ڸ˵ʲô
Цл
ȥժӨӨ棬ׯĻˡ
ùŷɢȪء
Ȫׯӵĺɽɽ˿ĵ·Χó⡣
һټȪسǰʧ١ˮӿ๾ࡱ
ˮ¡з򣬲ڳ̫ãˮܹȡ
һж׼ãŷɹָóСϷǻŰ顣
ɿҪΪһͬˮУ
ƶˡ鴹ѹͨ졣
ѷѵùСĻסĶӣ˶ˮӱů
۹ڳǰɵʱ
ӱ§ŷɣûʲô뷨ᰴĦŰͷƤ
飬˵ǲܵĹϵ
š
˫ƱշǱգţһ
ڷɵĲһִ࣬Էεİ̺ۡ
ǲӦñ˴޻˵
ۣˮβİе֮·ڵشȻҪĻ⡣

лֱ˵ɡ
·ɴˮԥһ
꼡⻬ˮԱߵȼĻ۰ޱȡ
ǻǳ£츮鲻˺ˣ
ŵҲҪ㰡㡣
鿿ųرڣµĴ
ܸܵ˶ĵġ
ı΢ۡ
ѹڻ޷԰εʱжҲڵԼأ
ûʲô˵ġ뷨һ򿪡
סǰŮӣȥ
飿ȵ
Ҹǡ
ڴ֮ǰӵһС
лҪ˵ˡ

44

ҹ, ɽԽס
ȺͷСӺ, ϵ·ȥ, ͷ۵վһԡ
Ѿķɱ, ڶǰʪ鷢
Լġ
ûдЬ㱩¶ڿ, ԲСɵİָͷ
Уϵĸ첲:䡭
ԣϾͻȥˡûд£ڷϡ
Ȫ˵˺ܾõĻ֪Լˡ
ûжԴ˶˵ʲôֻοһжȥˣɵɫǣֱݵò
صׯڣܼһû˯, صȴǻع顣
С:Ŷأ
СүҲˣѾ˯¡
Ѽþƣʱġ
ݰ˷ŵϣԷ̽ץס, ԺǵϣԼ򣬻ͦ
ɵԳ˼ԡ
ܿĵĳػࡣׯǶԵģҲڵȸԼĻᡣ
ڴŷǳĺ, ˫ڳġ
ڳ˵ʱ򣬷ᵽλԹӣпǴɺϡ
ɺϡ
ʶð뷨
̫ԹҲܾȣѹû
ϰ˯İſ
§סӷɵ˯ա
˺
ǰǴûӵһ˯˿̷ü΢壬ӷԼʶૣ
ء
_
Ͱׯֻһ¡
źСһ棬Ӷʱࡣ
ȱ顣롣
Сһ涵ʵ:ٴô
˿:Ҫȥæ㲻游ĸø
أġŽ𶹶˳ӵرСһ𣿡
⺢ӻ˽鰡Ц
СֻȥȻԣֻǵԲϲԷһСŶСˣǲס
ƤеڵЦ¶׵:Сү´档
ء
µǰ:С㣬Сү
һֱԱߣȵϳʵΪιµĶô繧
ͺͷ
¡
٩ʲô£Ҳͦеġ
򣿡ûͺˡ
ǣһء͵͵
ޣɻѧˡ
üׯһΣȷʵǰá
³ôӶһͣſڡ
пͣ
һ˭
ԼɿЩƨ洫ҲõķԷΪΣ
֪겻ɢҪҡ
֪ûдȡһɫ¹˿ˬ
ĶŵģܳԾ
ⲻС㣬ɣĳ߶ˡ
֪ɨˣͣڰϡ
δΣʮؾƫƫԵøɾ峺üĿ£ʴ󷽳ȣϸ
㸹΢¡Ҳӷףһζ
λǹɣ
ͣãܿջȥһʧ
ϳ˶Է츮Ц⣬ңңٱŮӡ
ðò
ǧ˭Ҳûϵʱ֪ˡСкιɣ
ͫ΢
Ī˾˵λ
С㣬֮ӦЩᡣ
֪˲ׯ󸮽Թⲻڡⲻк¶̾뵽˹󸮡
ˡ;Ѱ顣¶۳ܲҰɡ
˵ܲ
ҡ
̵֪Ц
ұô꣬һֱѹţûԭںԼߴߣҲǴ
˵ҵβ£ġ˼ΣԷأԲܡ
Һͱׯ˺Թһʱ䣬ȴܿͻָսǡ
ͷҾӪĵ̣ҲУĹ͡
֪̾Ǳϧ֮͵İС㻹ס
ǴųģС㡣Ұݼ˹󸮼
֪˵̬ŵúܵ͡
Цð
ΪԷЭ֪ŻȽ
֪˲ʱ˿С֪ᵽ޵
ɫ

С룬͡
ڴϣϳ
֪˱ʱһЩѹƣüĿܿŭ⡣
װĶš񸹷̵ԷҼǢ̸֪˿ֶ顣
֪˵񣬺߰ڳһ޹ı顣
֪ҧû뵽ִ֣ͨⳡϿǻԿġ
ġɡڴߡ
̧ż֪˷ɿ:Ͻߡ
ɲøϽʮֺӵ֪ˣȴܣ˷棬ඪ
գȻΪ̸еȤ¡
治֪ôţгˡϴԸԸۣⳡ󵽣˼ҺţȻߡ
űׯ
ɡҵֱˬйʲôû󵽣ֵֽԼسţׯڣŶ˼Ҿ͵ýܰ
˵⻰ӣŤһС˵:ߣȥҵӹ䡣
Щ󣬸ġüһ⣬ͷ̣Ƽˡ
ׯϣǼҲ̫ˡҼңֺǺǷ¹ȥԹɸΪ񲯡
һۣɵ
˵ôɵˣʣһб̻ŰǸȥ㻹ż
ż֪һһˣֶ˵ġ
̧ȥׯȪ֮ǰұһ׮뷨ʱλˡ
г񣬲ٶ˵ѣǰɵ̬ȶ˺ܶ࣬²͸
ŷɵĶӣҸһۺӵĴڡ
ЦҲ˵Сء
Ҫ̥Ҳõ·ݴЩĶӲĸ¡
Ͳ˰ɣ
ںСҶ׽ʱˣͷһУ֪
һ˵òУ죬Ц飬
ΪҪСĺ룿
ᵽģ񲻴ˣ˵Ӧ
Ľˡ
ǲӦ౻ΪƢ󣬲ϱͨǴӦҳʲô
ҽţԼ٣ǡ˴ˣԷóͷҾʹȥʲôǸ̡
Ǿ͵ݶˡ
֪ˣΪҲǡ
ΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ǮٲһţñΪׯʹǡ
Խ˵ԽȻһ˫ָ
ˡ˵ۼһȱׯ𣬵ʱȥѹһͷ
ӱͱȱׯãֻΪ˹裬ϸ
ɵİοǺá:û㡣
Ժ֪ˣıзȣﲻ֪ʲôء
ǰ֪йء
ţҲӦ
ŷɣ˳ˣڶԷ˵ʲô
ˣ֧֧ᣬ˵һš֡
ʱϣ͸ɴӳӰҲѡ
лҪ˵һ
ж
лСʹֵǡߡĵסǱġ

45

ׯǸĵط, һֱͻ
֪˵һſʼ, 𽥱¶ԼҰġ
ǲ̵Ķϱׯţ
ҵŮӽɫ, 
˸ۣǶ, ʲôȥˣĻ
ׯҪΣҵ¡κζԷʲôⶼҪһ, ЩҪζ
Ҽ˲ҶһǣŪŷɵĲҶó
ˡ
ۼʲôǱׯƵģ
صϸµľСǰ֮ߵĳ⡢ǰգСòɿȣǱ̶ӺҲ
˵һ:ׯı£̶ʱڶε֣ҽӴⷶΧ㡣
ңҵҲǳġ
:˼
ජܳ, ȻҲܡ
֪˺ΪϴǾܾ룬ʼҡ
˵Լؽ, ǸСˡ
ûпǹȥɵĻ뷨С
ǣ
Ҽû:游ǴǶġҶ겻̤뾩ǣΪ˱游ĸ档
ĸ˼ҵıӹ, ԷŹ֣ųӴֻҪھض鷳
뷨԰Ȳ˵游ȥô꣬Էܷ¶游Ͼǵļˣܲϣ
ȥȥȥ
Ҽ䣺ңϽȥæ
ࡣ
ֻ뿪
㣡
ȹ

ɳЦţС
ôˡûһСˣԼģڼ£
ͬ˶ףһ˵ɵ֮⣬ûбľٶϾǱܣûٶ롣
:ôӭҰ̸ĸߡ
Ц:ûе¶
һͬԺġ
ԶԶһ˵Žͦˡ
еƣһ
ϴζദȻԷԼļˣһվŵõڵϣֱơ
λӦİɡ룬û˵ǸѾʧˣʹȥ˵
ﱧģԷСӡ

߽Ằһ
ףˡ
򣡡˰飬ȵȥ§ס첲òôÿ
Ƴ黳еСӣʣǣ
鲻˼ģȺӳá
һֱάŰ飬һ󣬲ҲʧˣֻŶĺӣദǢ
ӹǶ˵һϢ׼ñҲˣϢ˵
˵ʱϲüң˵һĿ˫̥
ˣ˫̥
һ㶣ֱֱĶӡ
ʱϵģ
ӿڣĸǰ
ʵȰֻ֪һֱȷʹãȶٴһЩȷ
ǱӣֻһΡ
˫̥ȵ̥ѣɻۡϣٳһʹࡣ
ĶкҲˡ
ǣǹϲˡ
ûеû뵽Լұķɻô졣
ϴμ飬ԷǸģɫ״̬ʮġ
̸ûҷء
ԴףܿЦˣһΪϴλȥ̸ȻǲСİƵ̸Ǹӣ˭Ѹı䡣
Ұ׵ˣϲѽɣͷף˽ĺӡ
⻰ţôôζ˵ͱ𿪿ڡ
ʲôжӣ֪ƽ⣬ϲҲ
˽Լ̸Զ԰鲻⡣
Ϊӡ
ѽҲ˵úϲ˵ģǰˣڿ۽򡣡
Сӣе鳤޵ʹ
ƵϴηûǶԷŵԼˤġ
磬鶼ȥˣٷҲûá

ԹšҲң̸ҵˡʱŶԷ
㲻Ƕ㰲Ĵޡ⺢̫£д˵УҪУ
ڰ󣬳˲עͷ
λչ涺ҼУƾʲô㣬ֲˡӣҪˣ̸ҵļ
˾һԷһвˣ˶ĬȻŷ
ûийԼеʧܣϲ
ҲȥֺþˡԸТ˳ԸΪԸΪҸ
ԼԸǰ
Ҽע⵽״̬ҡͷ
ôԷԲˡ һ:Ͻɼвˣ 
ŶŶ 
ôϾǵ⣬һʱ˶ԷԵӣ:԰Ե㡣
͵ӦˣеĲˣо﷢
ԼҲħˣǹСųģȻ׽Ŵͷ޽α˱ȡ
͹ˡ
ллҲһ鼦⡣
ʱŹע飬ҲЩۼҵĹ
ŮͶСۣѼֲ֡
˵ͺϡ档
ӡУȻСԼչԼĵģԡ
ϻر֣ҴԼȥҰ顣뿪ʱ̸ǰάԹڰǰ졣
˵㿪ʼܷϣ⾭Ӫúܺãȥׯ档
֪һܳ£û뵽ӣΪһӡ
ײŶð飬ӣʲôر֮
ùҪԼСԺ֮ǰûлȥСӻߡ
ԷʱСӷŵ᷿
⽫ùݵϣٴζл
лˡ
ûû£ҸŮġŶˣһ²һٷһ͹
϶˫̥Լûô㲻ŮҲ̥
ݼڣԼеǸҲϲ֮顣
ҲðܺŶ顣
΢ЦţҪ˵ȵ
ѽⱻôˣ
ͷСӣɲôͷϺõ޻¶˳
⡭
ôƵģԼһֱСġ
֪룬ӣƵĲֹһúõո±ӣʱã
ҿ߹ӣʱòУŰ顣
ô£ö˶ôˡ㲻ҷıҲŪɣС𣡡
ǸŮ
ñ˺Ҳ֪Ϊλˣ治֪ŻǺõġ
ղǷ᷿ģĪ᷿£
˵ˡ
ҿǽĴ˳˳ؿڣһµ⡣
Сùģ᲻
ίҡͷūûС
ܡԼСʲôƷԣԼ֪
һԺ˵ߵľףԼҵ˫ĿͨŷɣɺС˿Ǳ
£ʡ

鿴񣬸Ӿѿͷɬޱȡ
һ±ӣȰǴӣ֪ˣС£һ
ŮӺ˼άͬҼ񶼾С£˵Ǵ¡
ؿۡ뵽ϣǰ˵˵Լ¡
ðҲԸǰɡ
㣬ָŰ飬ѾòЩ첻㣬Ǹ㰾ǿ㣬Ůӣô㲻졣
ǹģС
ϸ̸ڸＸ£֪Ϊˣ
:Сʲô£ûӷԸң
⻰ɻϼͣɫɷףҡҡ׹ķɣԱȡ
ܱܲ˵
ȦͺˡǰͦأôģܡҿȢܶȢɺã
һһ֡鼱ģ֪ν͡ԼﻵģΡ
Ź˵ȢȢԼãȻһҪĸо
һۣѡ                        
лҪ˵һûдզͷȥˣ
겹ϡ
顣

46

, ŶӺ, һʱ˭ˡ
, д򣡡
ż, źӣôҲö¡
񽫷ɱ, Է۵߬֡
ûС
ǣûС
۵Ĵɣûµġ
úõһٷŵ״̬˭ˡ
ҼҲûߣһСӵ£Ҫȥ
Ҳίһ𣿡
Ҳ볳, ǿԼƵСӱã˶
Ƿ˭ˣһҡĨСϡ
Լķ, ˳׶꣬Ů
Ҽ̾ϢһҲȥˡ
ҩϵǱͿ, Ϳߵ
ӴСˣ̫³һ·ܵ÷ɿ죬òУۡ
˵з򲻺á쿴һʼʩ롣

ôʡ
ôμǼģ̥ÿһ̥ҩ
˿ˣΣС֢״
˼ǲ÷ܾţ̫ҲС
һ:ǴҶû˰ɣ
ڴϣΪʩ룬ʹ⣬˯ȥС԰ף촽ûѪɫ
ӣҲ׷ˡ
˵գĪٶ
õĺõġһ˵
ؿڣѽˡ÷͹ȻΪ˲Լ㵽һߡ
÷һȥҰ٣ڴ˴
ǣ˶ɼ԰״ӡ
ίίģ·𡣡
ʲôû
СŮģߵˣҲʲôˣԸȥɡ
ֺãܷ𣬱
Ъţնǹȥ
ŶһۣԼ̸뿪
ʲô¶ͷۡ
˯ûķɺҩŷҪԺӡ
ˣø´ãȻվš
򣺣

˯ҲصСԺڴһš
ûС
֪ܲðҳࡣ
ʱġ
ԷʱСõ᷿
Ȼ󣬶ˡ
᷿ù;г¡
ǴСû𣿡ʱСˡ
Ҳѹ˵ŭί
ѱøӵʱû̫ע⡣Ƶֱ࣬ӱˣү֣Լûо
ùˡ
֪СΪҪ˵ıӴԺӡ
ҿŷɵͬʱôĶ
ӵĲõ
Ĳ̫ӲĥƸճĺӵۼһּõ޻
Ѿٸ˷ƶѪ٣ر
ʵ鶼ûʲôһ©޻롣
µصڣΪλơ
⣬ȥ߰Ϳһ£÷ʱû˽᷿Щ˾
㶵سȥˡСǻ˵ң
һӣȣŤ
𷢴Ȼһ̡
ˣ
ȥ̽̽ɵĶͷ
գգۣ񣬷Լصסĵط
ʶŶ:أ
Ӻúõģû¡
ҡЩΣ֡
ͷסСС:Σ
˵Ҳû£ȥˡ
֡
֪ԼһҶԼ𣬲Ҵ̼ԼԷ϶ǲϲġ
ǲӷŵ᷿ͷԼ߶áҲᷢ¡
ܾɥ
ȥǸɡõСӵʱ϶ϲðԷĵġ
ס֡
ѣ˵աЩȥҲһѴԼϣô»֪
߰飬Ѿȥ顣
ţҲ˳Ƶ¡

:ţ
ɿͰһֻצһԼ޳һʱ
ȿȣȻ̫ҪϢˡ
͹úദġؿڲ˲䣬Ҳ
ǲ֪ΪΣܻᷢìܡ
: ˹ˣ֪ʵ͵гദû°õġ
ҪΪβϲ飬֪㡣
һǳ״׼Ҳţ޹ûдܶױ
ҪȢʽڣ¡ضԴ̧ΰȢƸҲ˰顣Ҫ񵱳ûҪ
ƾ;ã׼ռ˱ˣҳ˿
ڶأǷɵĵĹϵѣָйһζʲô顣Ȼ˵Ҫ˼ҶȻ⡣
ǳǰݣͿ׵ʮꡣ
ֻܸԷһЩ뷨ԷɸĹۡ
ѷɺٴ˯ţڶȥʰͿ
ճ⣬û˭᷿Ҳû˾
ôأԼ˲ɡ
ֻܵȥٴδӱ֡۾ҪˣҲûܵóʲô
ͨ͸ֱֱյ鷿űӣһֵۣס߾͸ĵ֮
֣ѵĿڣβ룬Щطڹҫ£ּ״
񱻼ģҲ˺һġָá
û˾ͽĪǹ
ɲŹ뷨õʾ
᲻ᣬײأҲǶ
лҪ˵
Ҿˣֵһһɹ
ҹֱϰˣӡ

47

ǶĻ, ᷿ʱױע⵽, Ҳ˵Ϊλǰ١
ֻĲ, 뿼ǷΧ, ҳأ
ԼԺѾɣ¶Ѳһ飬ܾˡ
һ̶, ¿۵ʲôɲ飬Ҳ˼Сʲô
Щȷʵҧ¡͵
νġס
ȷʵ¿ڲԡ룬˽ģ䲻ҲΪԷƷԡ
Ű鲻ƻԼƵıӣϾƤ£ĹӲôֱ֡
Ϊǰ鲻СŪġ
Ϊɿ, ֪˾͵ϡ˵ǶֻԵ޹ҧһ, ֲǳԵġ
һֱ߰ο硣
˵Ҳ
Ϊӵġ
򻹺𣿡
⻰, ŤŤ񣺡û˰ɣ
û¡˵
ķɣ˳Ƶһֱ˯ãѹ˵ҪǸҿɫЩЪˡ
ˣҲʲô񹫹ָ
Ϊδĺ·ͳȥˣɲ
ǸѲԺȨϴ϶Ժӡ
죬ȷʵ˶Ǿųִ˵ĶҰ֡

ΪԼģĸжҪΪˡ
߽Сʱ򣬳۾ɴˣеô˼Ҷ֡
ڰ£ֻսսһԣ
³һʼѧģġ
׼Ҽӵֱˣ۵ۼҶӾסڼαЩ
ԷҲóΪɣ˵˰׼˰Ҳû˵ˡ
ϲһ˵ʱ򣬻ΪǰûгԹ¡
һʱ䣬Ĳܿȼò
鲻ˣԼľͽһСıǺԡ
ūɡ
á
鲻֪ԼΪ֣ǱһɾбҲжƫ̻Ĵ
һ硣ȵɺ󣬿Ʒ໹ĲˣЦˣž֫ʹ
˳ȥʱСˡ
˵ΪԼ˵ˣϲ̸ϵСȲҪ
һȥƼɵɵЦ
۵մ˲ٻңеĻܵ䡣
߹ȥһᣬòվԭأߺջ
ͷǵˡ
زˡ鲻⣬ҼѪ񰮳ԵŴϹϡ
һԵĳҪ޳:ūҲȰκ򲻿ūæˣҲ˵
ѽֻСèװȡ
è
鵽ҲûҵʲôèǶԼָͷĨĨлңʶ˫ڵס
Цͳ㵲ʲôͦÿġ
ңҪϴôԼ⸱ģ
ˮϴˣݸһ˫ӣ
̼һϹϣŽϸϸ׽
ʱãʱüͷ壬ҲǴӡšţϱ仯
Ҳ任һˣһʧ
⿴ɵɫӱЦҪʹˡ
һۣܲ˱ݡ
ûˣϣԼɰǴһ˿ڡ
ҡͷ
֮Сӵ¡
ҪȻ˰ɡСմһζԡ·ڴϵ
ī΢ʪɢߡɿ壬ûϵӣѩףԲעܿǰӣķ羰
öΣϲͶԷ
ûɻ˳Ŀ⿴˿ǰɿ£½
ЩأĶЩ:㣬㿴Ķء
ĿͱΣˡ
ҿ
ɣ۰׶ҲȾϷۺɫ˳ǵıӡ
˵ءȴûʲôԡ
ڴһ:Ҳ˵°
ſ˫:
ҧŴ˽ս
ϲӵһȥô죿
ԥԥɬ̫ɰᣬպұ
ʹ״ˡ
ҡ
ԼһҲûϵ㣬ҪʲôҲǺġ
顣
䴽飬ұ
ôͷչزˡ
оԼﶼǽŲȥſ
˫չ̣
ۣѻ
ֻḧһ
𣿡ϧġ
ʲôۣãȵݹһöͭŷԼһ˺ۡ
ִġ
żʱǷɽһɵϡʱֻ΢ۣû⡣
ڴһСҩ࣬Ϳ˿ڴġ
ԭΪ
:һΪ
һۣΪʲô
û¡
֪ôЦСɫǡ
ҩźãſıǣ롣һģŪľϴǣ˭Ҳ㡣
ǰҲΪһЩСìܡŪ鷿飬˵ϲ·ʽȡ
ǰܣֻǺϡ࣬鷳
ػһΪʲôüͥ޺˳ôò顣
ͷһᣬס
ޣЦŻϹճˣ
ܹ۳ɵŮжأڹԼ֮䣬άԼ
ø
ȵС˲˹Ǽ̣רŴϹϡ
Ҳ볢ԼգһСŽȻ
ôá
Թȥɢʳȥ鷿
Сģ¿һˮں԰С·ϣָˮ
ûмӿŲ뿪ͣ¡
ȻθһģʹŻ
÷ʱԵõĶˣͳЯͲιˮ
ˮɷġ
⣬ʣûŵʲôζ
ʹ᣺ûѽūֻŵ˻㡣
ĻζС·ߵĻ䣬һš
Ҳзζеԭ˱ǵĵضΣƫƫ£ᵽһֵζ
תư죬Ų뿪϶һ죬̼ȥǴڡ
ʵ֤ѡǵġ
ڳһСʬ壬ڿĻ£µѪ
ֱʬ֮йء
üˡֻҪҵʬˣҲջ񡣿ֱ˷롣
߼ˣ˶𾪡
ôйʬ壬ĸɱĸɵĺ¡¡
еǱǶҧģȻö˶ô˲عʬ˵ҲǱԷɱġ
лҪ˵ˡ
лСʹֵǡ񵯺͵ס
лСʹߡĵס
Ҳ򣬵Ȱɾͺд

48

ѪСʬ, մȾ, һš
űӱԹ˵, ǿ
Ͷ԰οĿ⣺ŵá
ⲻһʱû뵽
ֺ̽˸, Էֱűܵ԰
鲻ڡ
ܣɫףƽػ˵, һ仰û˵
⣬ô
˵ţҵҳˡ
ôˣҪҵɲס
˴ϣСʬʱ겻ᣬĵɻã
ЦЦţе¡
Լҵ߶߶ã˵ͣǲ, ԱܺЩ
һСɾһ²ףȰȥ
, Щ̸㣬Ͻȥ裬ȥȥ
̸֪ҺáȻҳСʬ, ֤û£ˡ
˵̸Сչңһͬ˰ɣԺĻˣȵܰ뿪
ⷬͷһůֱ
û㡣ն԰˵Ļ̾
ΣǶҲ֮˵̼䣬ȻͶ̥ˡ
öûйҲпֹͣţ֪㶨СˣҵĴŮǽ߳С
ԼԺӣߣ鲹
˼ʬݷ췢˼˿֤ʵĲ롣
СܲԼԼɱˣֻвĻʹŻΪ֤ɱ
˭ס
ÿȥæضʰͿŲ˶ˣûпɵġ
Ϊ˯ʱѹŶӣҲԺſţÿҹڴϡ˴ʣ˵ԣӰ캢
룬λСңзԼģ
ҹֵ࣬ԣѴøԼ˯߶
İ˯СĴӴϵȥֻܰ˱š
ڷɶ̥ڳ԰̥ҩ񶼲ͬ
ûгζʱô̡ʳ֪ζÿ챧ŸĽɣ⿴ԣĻ
ĳθҹһ컹øԼ֣жİ§Ĵ꣬ĥȥ
ƫƫûƿȥϴ衣
СҹﻹǱȽ䡣ڸ˸ˮưˮϣöһ¡
ˮѣֲȻ㣬һ
׷ɵĶͷ־ᶨ
˵˲УҪҪ
ۡ
λϵ˵޹뷿֮Ρ£ڲԹɫϱ
Цǽһ֦Ҳ
ŮвģۼСö۳裬Ҳﻵ
ϻǰȥȾƹ仨¥񣬿ǰׯִɬƯ÷
СǸʱ䳤ˣ˵͵͵ȣ˵
ߣԼġ
϶飬ǹЩסô졣΢Ҫ˩סݵġ
¶ݶһ飬ϻڴϵĹ
ˣͷ˵ϡ
ͬࡰ顱ҹӳİ飬ߵû˵
ˣ棬һǰ˳δ㣬
ǣǲǻ¥Ϊ
ϵ ֪ߣ˵׾ֶΡо仰Уèè׽Ǻèļһֱţ
ٶ˵壬ԥţ˼š

ΪԼÿ˯ԭǱ̫鱧š
ûиܵӵҧŴķƶ
طۣɽ·ؿ
㡭
ɬľٶѪӿԳ
вУס
ŮġΪǰҪɶޣᶨܾ
Ƽɴˮ⣬ɫʡ
СڣҪʲô
˴ϣٴ֣߳ŭڹꡣ
ڱ㲻ôңŰ㡣ΪŲô֡
ףƿӣһĶׯɬģĹĵġ
㵽ҪҪҪԺҲˡ
СԹ϶ʲôŵĿɿڷɣ᲻Ҫа
չʾһȻ׾ǲļɡ
ɵ:˵˭ѧġɾʦͨ
򡣡Ŭ棬ԼҲµİ飬ʪģԹԻش
:
û뵽֮仹˵֪ùֶɣǿ£ж顣
һڷ:Ժˡ
᲻÷šѾĸ££ܴ̼͸Ĺ
ȷʵ۵ùǺû뵽źôסǰϣʲôҪġ
ֻһΣ֮أΪתעûôྫЩϵæµ
Ҫߵǰϣץסֻˡ                        
лҪ˵~
лСʹȻͶ10ƿӪҺ~
޸ľ׽ˡ

49

ӶԷĴ, ӦǸСˡǯŸ첲, , ɫ
ֻǽСʬ屣, ûӵԣ᲻š
ҹܹ͵ʬС˾Ȼ˴󵨡
С˿, ĸԺģ
֪С˲Ժġ
˵ݣ֪ѻ³ͷ ūɣūﻹвϸҪҲˣ
żˣΪҪ£ùƻСӣ¶ˣְѹɱ԰
ūǹ͵͵ʬģǹССк, ȻһЩ
У˼
:ȻУΪҪɱٺ˵˵ȥš
С, ᣬ:Сŵƴūĸףū˵ʵ, ƾá
һʱֵõ̸
ʧֳγ˫Ӧˡ
ֻҪ˵ҿԿĴ
ҲӲС˱Ͳǻĳ֮ˣԼѰ³ڲ
ʵһʼᡭ
ԺһͨɨСˣȻϽֹʱѼеĹˣ
үūĹɰ㱧ȥһܿ㻹˵СĽСҧƣǱ֪ݺ𷣡
Сסޣүвūūѹɱڡʱִ̫٣˺԰
ʬ屻ֺһߺ£һΣϣ˶ĳܹúͶ̥ת±ҲҪԼˡ
ѡ˵۹ôСҲܷŽ
ԹϴͰѹɱ󱻷ȣĸͷЩ
ǯס򢣬:
С˿ͷ:һƭС㡣

ǰñãⱲӾöԷ򵥣ʼһݶꡣżãⱲӶԱǲ̫䡣
Ĳ⣬Ҫʲô⿴飬ǿڼ֮ǰңкκô

ûСѺȥ䣬ȥ
նҹ˯ྲɡЦΪնձߣԺ˲ܳ᲻ñˣ
䵭:¡
һ飬;òǺ£
²Ϊ˶Ůǲǣһ⡣
ôģȲøȢķɣʲôìܣҪ
Ƽ߳ǿӲذߣ󻹴Ľк
ֱӰ԰
ߣطʱʮǱ·ҡؽ·Ĩƽ̧ͷ
۸ˡҹ¹յСɾϣˮ۾ţСţǸꡣ
Ƥ²ŵء
ָȹĵܣҪҪǺδ                          
лҪ˵Ҵˣдˡ

50

ŷԼں԰
ٿ, ⴦ȻСĵط
, õ¹һӱ˲ҵɫ
ССüӲͣ, ʵĿģٴθ֡
ֻƬ, ָɫ
Ҫնڻ԰ϷôѾҹٲȥ̸żˡ
ǵѻ
, Źʬ㱻ùֱӽŹʬľУ
ĿȻ:㱧Żŵҧƶİɣˣ㲻ٶ࿴ۣô
кδʲô֮ã̺

Ͼжң䲻һʬ壬£ҵ, մȾ
һ˫ʳᣬ߶±סԼ
в:֪, ʱô֪вҸСˣ˽һүƤˣĻ
޵ʱϸϸ, ʡ
ҴδҪڸ㵥˱˵һ֮ʣ֮Ըҡ
̧ͷԹģǱļϴˢԩƵͷϡұҪȥˣڹ۷ɵ
⻰˵Χ˶ɵöݣүÿǶܺĺӡ
˵Ŀ⣬䶢ܶҡĵı¾˸
ƣˡ
üģС˹ʡ
ȡһöԷƿԡ
ǺС鲼ŵĵɫƣӹĳݷ죬һͬ֡
һ²⣬СԣǹӦ㲻ʶָӣҧ
ָĦ/鲼ԼĲ²⣬³ӽࡣ
Ҳ㲻֪˴쿴ʬ壬ֹĲб˺ĺۼ
ûǱŹ᷿סĲӡϢʹ࣬Сҧ㽫ҧơ
ʱ˺·Ĳϡ
С˸ϸĽУȥʱȷʵ״ԣҧˣвСΪ˿ֻɱ
ĻС̧ŵ
ȦԭǿŵģȻЦ
δЦǰ⡣
ƽǹɵģһЦԳǳǳľѣ˿Цݴ˵ζ
᣺ԭţ֤Ҳ˵ԼǲСĴ£ɱССԼ⡣
ʱ̫ǸС˺ҵ½ǣұɹˡ
:ΪΡ
ΪΣ
ЦһЦ
˫ȣҲ޾Թ
Ϊѽ㡣

ߵʱſûڴĺУȥ
Ц֪Ц˻ԼͷҲأȹո
뿪ſȻӰ
ʮ̴棬ۣվһԺӡ
ܿ죬Ͳˡ
ΪȻȥ鴩£˵õģһͬȥ̼
з򰡡ȻҲͬ⣿
ִϣȰȥ̼ˣ֪Ҳͬ⣬㣬ܡ
֮£ֻ˰顣֣֮ԷձҪޣҲûиˡ
ҼûȥֻΪǶ˰ˡ
Ȱ£ͷ
ðɣȥ
Űߣˡ
˵Ļ
ѽ㡣㲻̸֪ѵ᲻֪
̣ԳԵЦ̸ǿռôС޲£ѡȻδǹң
Թһ߼˵һռҼҵײ
ȥҼţŮȢ˸ľǹӡ
ƾʲô̸ЭˣӦö԰鲻⣬ƾʲô԰谮Ҳһۣ
ʱҡͷôѵô
ǼԼԱʵ⣬ϣһϲˣʱδ׷󣬸ܰ
۽ޣ˵Ҫʱĸˣһʷļױ
ŷɵıӰϣܹȥȰο£̬ȸá
Էڡڴϣɫ㲡
Сĸ߰ˣǻ֪Լδʳ
ôܲԷЩɡ  ϵڴ˿ҲãȰãԷԲΪ
ȥɲС  
÷ϰҲ:Ŷȥ游
ڴߣ游֣ģ游ҪԹԳԷѽŶһ÷ɡ
Ҳ޷ɶһۣɨˣڰͣ¡
æǰȰЩ»һȥܿɢѹͳͷԼ
÷˵ʲô÷ϴ
ڶˡ
ƫͷ˵ȥ¡
뿪ڡ
ŹϺӱ谵ȼ͵ƣյ
СӵˮʯҪе˵ȥ
û÷θտյģ˸Ƥϵι˳ӵ¡
θůˣȵĶü˳ԭأԼ
һֱնʺС񡣿ôЩ¹ȥСɶģΪɷܷϣ˵˵Ļû⡣
黳Уһ߸ˣһ߲Ը¶ǹӵĳɼǻ룬նСǷҲϲ
ɹңȻڣʰ顣
Լ˵
ԼҲ룬Ц:йε˵뷨
վڹĽǶȣŮ벻ɾף֮ˣŮҸõķɣҲ⡣
Ҫãر֣ûжӼƽϡ
ݺַŭ̼ܵӦǹˣҲٹ֡
촽Ű顣
ʱ򣬴ŻĹӾǲͬأŮٳּΪŮҵһӡ
϶ˣΪβܽܰ顣
ȡָϵĽָð鿿ݸԷ鲻ҽܣĪǻڹң
ֻýӹڹǰϡ
⣺ãܺãɣȥӼˡ
ٶӴˣһۡ
¸СӣȻϣŮ˳ģյȣŮû£ҵĺӡ
ɺ͵ĹϵôǢ
ͰദһʱǹѰйȥǹ֡
ǹӵСżŪŴϵСϻչʾ
ɢػŷɵܵӦţ§ס
ˣˡ
׷ѩ޳Ĳ:Ǻ͵һͬȥ֡ڼҼįصȴȵûлˡ
ھͲҪĵ
ȻĴ׶ԡСϻżźãתЦӯӯ
Ҳû뵽ǰЩŷɲţ·ʱʱ̶̿ҪһرӣԼҲһճ˾
أܴ̼ʱʮԼļ˲٣뿪ԼҲûаȫС
Ƿɲˣʧ䡣
ᰡ񣬺ʱҲԼӵŮأ                          
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лСʹֵǡӡĵף~
лСʹۡͶ49ƿӪҺ֣ҺȻˡ

51


ůڡ
ڶʱ롢ſ˱ѩö˶, ۾Ժ۲, ȥ׽
ѻ, ȷ˻˫̥, һ˵ĶӸ
θԽãһӡ
ⲹҲ̫Ƶˡ
͹, ֪Ǻ⡣
Ϊ˲÷ɲ̫ʹ̫Ҳḁ̫̃ᵼѡ
·ЩأСģʱ΢΢ۡŶࡣ
ǰʲôϸѯʹԼõĽϸḶ́
ϣɸʹࡣ
ͷһǡ
˷˵˱áһŮӣܵǰ֮, ʵô
˵ô˵⻰Ȼá
ٿ, ŮУСŮԷġ
ЦݺͰ԰ʲô˵, СҲԣҲС
ϥ񣺡ͷ
ߺһʵ̫飬Щϰߡ
Ժʯϣȡ
Ƥۣˮף£ֻҪվˣ˫ȱ΢΢
Ҫţλ칫һ
칫ÿһ͸дţҾ벻Զ
֪ΪԼһֱܣų˵ļ棬칫ӱֵķʽѺá
ֵ£칫Ӳ֪òǨŭˣյŵĳһΣŴӦ˶Է롣
˼ôг⣬ֲ֣þܾ
ԭǲϵģϣڼ̥ȥô졣
תһ룬漸³ȥˣڶתתҲͦá
æŽύϵĻ飬ɡ
顣
֣칫ӽ
칫ӴһɫȹȻһӣױֽལڻ۾
ÿɰĶˡ
칫к飺Ů
ֲ츮Ը칫Ӻסؼһǵȷ谮Ůޡ
ֻ֪Է˺ӣòûϸʣڲ֪
ˣСޣŮ޿һۣش𣺡ꡣġ
칫Ц⺢ƽն˵ģϲ㡣
ȷСϲЦģȻкǿס
˴ȥֵĳ顣Ƕи̣֪˭ҿģ󶫼ݲ򵥣СʫҲܵõ
ʫںȻðŮӣȥɷúܡ
λ˶ȥδͷŮ۾ϸƲЦһ̵䷢ʡ
칫ӶɴԷ˼𲻺õ˼û뵽ǻ鷳
˲Ǻܽš
칫ؿǸŮӣԹҵ£ֻҺۡŮۡ
ĦȭƣмضǼģŮӡ
Ƕо飬ߵˣЩҲڻ¡

ŲҽУϵ·ˡȻ򲻹Щ죡
칫Žֱ
Ǽ˷ŵ󿿽칫ӹ򶨡
Ǹ۸ң츮֮ӣʶ͹ԹԹǽΡ
Ǽ˵ɫԣľԲ¹ٸһɫ亹ʼڶͷ
λ˴ˣһתͷվһŮӣȣȴ֡
ǾȻ֪ˣ
ĸӡ
֪żŵˣץЩ죬Թġ
֪˳߹Цº͡
λû°ɣҷſͷͣǵﱧԹȴʱ̫ãһʱɻ߽
û١ûϳ飬ҿһģо죿
칫ԸֱˬĶɤ۶ˣԼ̫߹ʵ
ǼûõĻ֪˸ллС
֪ˣׯң˭֪Լ׶ʶС
˵ҺȴԼ֮ٴεţҸϳˡ
Ϊɣ칫ӶпҲûô
ֻһ䣺л㲻ٿڣ֪˵ʱҡҡͷ
֪˺ܿˣǲ칫ӸпС㡣
¶û˹£˱𣬸Իظ
黳һӵĲȥ¡
һģñףںͷ߷ߵǼ书̫ˣһѰ졣
ǰҲһ㡣
ھǣȻ׼ҽշ绨ѩ¡ɰ׼ұҵλߵö࣬ʶҲࡣ
ϲ֪ˣ֪˱㲻ǺΡеƫüȥ
ӣžȻҡԹؿ飬ΪӵСˣôܲ
˵ѣ̾գŵΧԼҹתתȥ顣
Ҳһ顣ʱһӣˡ
ź۵ֺֺЦ
ţĺһƬʮΡ
డͷѪ
տʼ׷ɵʱӢ۾ļƲߡ
úû˼鱻Ժװһģšס֡
Ǹ棬Ρװѷš
Ļ򲻹Ͱˣ츮Ҳ򲻹֪ˣ֪Ķĸ֡
ôôɣ֪˾ڴȻһŵĻ̫ܵˡ
Ӣ۾İϷмʩչ֪˵õ졣
ԽԽʲô˼񲻶ġ
ɺ칫Ӷɴ֪˶飬÷ɺøУ
𣬷ɿѾԼĺӵи֮
Ҫ
أĴӡϡ
ķˣҲֻǲ²Ⱑ
ûס֡
²⣿ģƭˣ˵Ǽ죬Ǽ֪˵ôʱ
Ӵ
ʹΪԼѷˣ˲æ֡
ңҵĶӡ
ӣĪָʹˣ⼸·Ҫ̥ɼˣǲҾˡ
ɥصͷ£ûаο㣬ԸƢҲá̾Ҫ
Ŷҡͷ龪죬ǰӦߡ
ƿ·ַŵԼԲԲĶϡ
ܻţôˣ¡Ķӣڲ
¶һЦ
Ӷˡ
ΪĸоԼѪСᶯһ£մССˮ顣
ӣˣ
ɵĶʵзҪӪһߵĲ̫һߵĳԵò
ھܶˣŷɵĶӣá
ΪպӲٶÿסỨķɡ
ȵĶƤ£أһ¡                        
лҪ˵ڣǼ鼴
ȱ˵Ҫҵӻ

52

ָڷɸ, ϸ弡, ܵ´΢
, , ·𿴵
Сһһһµţ֪ΪκȻԾ
ԭЦº͵İ鵹һüͷ, ۵Ѹһˮ
Ҳ֪ĸڶһЩŪˡ
ĻƺС˵:ԣ֪Т˳
ȻʧЦôС˵Ļ
ǿɲһ
ĺģŮǶӾͺͷһòͻݡ
ˣﶯʧ
ðЪȥšȥһ, £˳ӵ¡
ڴŷɵ֣Ϥ, ͺ˽ӻظһգҲԡ
ֻʱķΪҲ˯á
ǲ̬Ĳ԰, ۵ڣݹᾣֱѹ
ɫã걥󣬰Ѫɫüչ
飬𣿡
΢ɢڴͷë:ţԴƫɫ
ǰǸ˵ᳳ飬Ǹ¶Ť飬ǸʱĮȻָһЦ顭û˱
ˡ
Цŵִ֣СèƵģֱ˲䡣
ϲЦ
ֻҪЦ͹ˡģ
칫Ļѹ¼һŵϷ˲˲ȥ
ǰ˵Ӹ գڳץļΣ
Էһۣ¼ڰ֣ں˵Ǽˡ
ˣֵϷӣлһӣôѷ¶˷ˣ
һ̽
ȥ֪ǲܵģֻܼȴԷʲô
Լķɱ˶ϣоһֻӬʤ
̧¥ȥ
ŨױĨĻ¥ſͣ۾һεε:ӴⲻС㣬
һ־ô¶¥Ĺǲϲˣ
¥ĵʵʮ
ģüĿ㣬Ҳ֪ΪҪޡ
üƿ֣ʣ绪أ
绪ǵСǳ飬Ƿ绪иЩؼ¡
¥ȴûиĶΪϴˣڻ
ֱ˳ӣЦڷ
绪ţû뵽ʱӭȥ˿ͷȻŹؽ
Ǹ˵ģĿģ÷绪侲
ūȸС㵯Ӱɡ
¶ģֲѰ顣ܾȻı뷨
㵯ɡ
αװһҲãһ˵Щ£һء
绪һɴ£󣬱٣ָŪҡŵУɲ鵽ʲô
ܾ裬һԸ͸¶С£ū֪Ǽ沢ֻˡ
绪ǳʵشĻ
ˣ֪Ѿ࣬棬Īǻ˱ˡ
һҪ
಻Ը͸¶ԭ֪˵ƤһợˣʱҲǶҩһʳԷġ

鿴Լʫǰ츮칫ӽ뿪ߵĳ֣ץס
ץסָ̧ȥǼ˵
㵹⡣ݺݶŰĶӣƾʲôô⣿
ſҼҹӣ¼˵ʲôҲҪԼӳš
ַֿһѣб΢ҵģϵĽ
£ұˡ
֪˼󣬰ҲϲܣǴϣͶԷ֣ʧ档
δ޼ҵ׷ǽ޳УȥҲǱ谮ģ벻ͨץסԼΪΣô
㲻֪ɣ˻¥ãʲôŶӵĶ衣
չһЦԭ˵ģԷǸĮӣͷ˵ⷬӦ顣
¥ⲻŵؽһҹӣСȥ¥ˣ
뿴ǰ龪ţʧ䣬ŭѹı飬˭Էɫһû䣬Ըա
㲻ţ
šȻţΣΪˣ˿Իܡ
ȥѰλ绪ӡ
ÿᶼͣΪܾźСˣÿô飬⣬Ƿ޵Ĭ֪ġ
ٸһִ߬¥
ȥ֤ĺǲǺĻᣡ
ı㣬㣬Ƿġ
ֻԼ԰ƫƫȢһǻųţ
鿴һأ㻹Էװģô
Լͱһ·ˡڵܺã}˵ı˵Ļľʹ
ſӣȥҧƵڵأŶӲֻܵײײš
˻¥ſڣѰһơ
ȥĺű˵ģ                        
лҪ˵ҷǱһγ
лСʹֵǡĵףСʹֶ͡ӪҺ
ддţҾ뿪£±дʲôءһдɡ

53

͵ƽ, ײӭ͵Сġ
СİӴһ, ؿ:·û۾
з, Ϊļҷɵ¥ץѰ, Լ˸۾׼ߡ
鴭Ŵ˵еĻ¥
§ӭܵ, ЦŮӣ¶ϸ׵̨֫ŤڶСڶ¥˱ɴ¥µĿۡ
˿֮ڶ
ǻ¥ô
һзվм䣬㶡
Ÿ
סС:СĶ
ղŽʱСľڸοǰǳͣ¥ĸ֪
⣬ķСĴͰ飬û˵Сλɰ
Ȼܵ񣬶ںδ
俴Сġ, ߣȦסٺõƢҲ̲ס
㵽ʲô
ʲôΪô
Цһ, ڳͱǰĹò٣ġ
αسڱ۰У㿴øлҡ
Сһֱ͸¶, ڵõӺϲЦտնҡ
ɲܶС˵Ҹߵġ
¥һ·ϣ˽˹ŹֵĿ⣬ЩĿӣ벻ߡ
ҧŴȥܣֵطδ
绪͵Ȼգûֻһӡ
Ǹдˡ͡ӣСˣǰ׺󾹻ñ
ͷһɫ԰׵İ飬ǡ
ǣǶһġ
飡
ű߿ͷ绪̾
Ͱ飬񲻽㵡
绪Ҳ˳̱קȥǰ
֪绪ͼЦǱãΪֻһ
ܿ׷˺£оŭ⡣
ϴС£ڵû׷˺Ȼ֡
绪ͷңվһĿãȻ裬ɫԽԽڡ
¥Ĵ֣ҪϳȥΪϿˣǷ׷Ӧˡ
ϳ¥Ҫ˳ЦġΪһѾ޵ɾǱ޼Һ͸֪ҪҪˡ
㣡һˮӯۿҡͷʲô𣿡

Լ߹ȥ
ıɺ󱳱ֱֱģͷľѣֻܾӡ
µĶӣôܳܣʷ:ôģ
Ҿǳܣ˵Ҫҹ
龽òУŲӿǰ
¥СĴһȷʵе㲻
ź󣬿绪úõ١
뵽Էڰ飬뵽֮ǰ֪ˣĶܲ²ʲô
ߵӨ׵ĶҲ糺죬УԼ㲻׽/ģ
ۿԼͰüȥĳˡ
ﲻ飬λ𣬳𣬱㶼˺÷ꡣ
ⲻ֪ⳡġ
ǽֵϡ
˫ֱǰǸһ˿⡣ңҪꡣ
ôȥ
ԸǰɡãҲߣҲ飬ȼˣðɡ
ҪõıܣԴǰͽԷ£ϵٺҲ
ϴηŹźˡ
鷳˰סѺ
㣬˶ң̸ͬģ
̸֪ҷɴ¥һʰ㡣
Ͼں͵ǢﻹѪ
ᣬһʡ鿴绪Ϊβųűߡ
Щǣôռ鷳
ĪһƷɵķ˿ԡˣ㡣
ҵģ绪һߺòΡСǰᣬٴӿĽʧ䡣
θˣС㲻ˡԼǻᳪǡöԷȤˡ
ˣء黰˵꣬ͿС㣬Ƕ𡣡
ԭ׷¥׼ȥͿ˺һŽͿԼ¥ˡ
ڡ
С䵭Ļش𣬰Ϳ˿ǣ򣿡
Լͻȥ£ֲܶ뿪
ȻڶձдԣСķͦŴӣ嵽¥Ѱޣ˳ȥԷԸߡ
ǰͿȥˣԸҲģܵȥɱס
绪Ȼ򿪴Ťͷ:Сࡣ
֪ļ߽˽ĳ䣬ͨǸڵСģǽǡ
ҲҪȥ
ڻ¥Щ㷲ֻŰġңͷ绪һڡ
ɡͰ෿ڣǽǣǵñ
Ա࣬Ѷǽϣ֪˺˵ʲô
С㣬һ¡
£Ĵβ
OO@@ƾּ˽Ůº͵غŶԷһ˴忩֨ŮϵĴϢ

Ͱ¶ˣ
˿ԱߵķɣǡðҲӹ                        
лҪ˵:ҾͲ˭֪֪˰ˤߩߦt(F)sߩ
лСʹֵǡͶĵס

54

䲻ǹ, ֮ҲܿʼᵽȤ
֪⵵¶, ʲôģ
Ŀ, һ°, ɬƿߡ
Ʈ:ȻǱˡ
˼һ, ʲôء
ꡣ
ʾƳɵò񻰡
ʶӰô
ס䡣
Сָס䣬˱У۾
⴫ϣһֻȦסŵϵĵ㡣
ӡȥ԰ˣζͦŵġ
˼룬һͷ֪˺ԽԽ
ŶҲˣ鸹, ¥ǽкá
С㣬Ĳˡ
ԣȵ㻳ҵĺ, ҾͰؼΣ

ü΢壬֪Ҳҳŵ
ģ֪˵ݣؼ̶, 򡭡Īǻˡ
ֻ֮£ܹ޼ҵļףܹ޼Һλ
Ҳ˼ҲܵãҪ̧̧ŵݡ
ȻţԼȴ˶ӣܱҽɾͲˡ
ϱǻеģǻײ֪˺˽ᣬ֪˵
֪ȢŵԵɾ
࣬СͨûţŶڻ¥
֪һΣ֪˻᲻İߡ
񲻶Ȼ֪໳ĺӣΪֲҪأǷйأ
Ȼоȵġ
ͷһɵֽ߬Լ䣬СԴǰѷɵ̧
ʱһƬ졣
˳Ľë۾һ̵úļ
Ƿ˰ɣͷûС
ûн
ֻʱ̫Ǽ尾
з򱾾У/õ̼ҹҹһ鶯
ˮ٣󣬿ȥʪģβ䦺졣
кӰϸգֻӡ
򣬲ҿֻ૵߰ɡ
һԵǣ밲οοɡ
һǱ㲻ʰ
黷ס׶סĴ

ĺ΢΢󣬿ŷɺ͸ޱԼ
ڴ֨֨죬ı£ܣôˣ
Ǻɬûжټɣżϻʱ䣬Ǹҹӡ
ˣԼķʧ
ͱˡ
ԼʱӦú鱣־롭
󣬲ԼȻǡ
ϻˮգĨƵذ˸Сӣһ߽仭ȦȦ
ھɥɬ鴽Ǳúܽ½ǣ
񿴵úЦ
ʱǺɵĺʱȵ֪˶˶ͣˣΪˣȴ˵
˯ˣ˰ɣ
ڷ侹ȻеˣǸŮӣû֪һͬ
ҪôͲڷ䣬ҪôǴӱĵطĽӡ
ʱ˾ϸŮźᣬʶˡ
ǣҷ㣬С㣬ǺαأҸɾƯСĲǸã
֪ЩΪѡ
С㣿
ƺ̼ļ䣬˵ôǰ졣ҵĴС㣬ȥʱҳ
˵Էĵܵ칫ӣǷɵĺء
Ƿ̣С֪칫ƫƫϲһ
ǶԻʲôòõģָô
С㣬ǸɫĻɫ£һˡ
ô࣬ҾϲôΪʱ䳤СĶˣ
Сһ:Ҳ˭ǣŴߣʶ˾ǵĹˡңׯֹܳ裬˴ѹң£ң
СӹȻʹ¥ôȻ˵˳Ҳ¸ǽж
˭뵽ڻŻõ󣬶ûء
Сı£Ϊ֪ǣŴߡ
УǷĲأˣǿɾǹ̹ᣬͼʲô
ʱûΪߺնڽ䣬֪츮ˣ̾ͻ뵽ȥ츮μͻʱں߼֪ˡ
츮С˵ͣ˵֪йϵġ
˼澹Ȼִֻ֨֨û
֪뵽ʲôһġ
ȵҲûˣƿŽ˴ˮ֪ˡ
Ϣ٣ɻˡ
Ŷˣվţȥ飬˺塣
绪š
С÷𣿡
С÷ǴӦѷøСģ绪ôƺ˼ܳˡ
Ȼ裬һ죬ʣڣ
绪ҿˣֻࡣ
Ѿˣ绪ˣȥֻű˯ࡣ
ſС¥ˡֵ
˼λСû֪ͬһ뿪ˣȥĶˣĸطߵġ
ȻãλСҲ򵥡
ɴñ뿪¥
ʱ¥һʷӣҪŷ绪۸ˡ
绪ӽ飬֣˵Σաϣ¥֪µġ
ǿ϶ġ
¥һ֤߱һ͵͵ˡ
Թԣ⻹Ǹз򡣾¥С˵˳ķɡ
ŷɹ仨¥СĹһңǮҵС
¥գգۣһ¡
Ͱ뿪¥ѾȺá
Ϳλӳ׷к
ƿһŲ߷ˣַ
̫ˡͷΪ˲·ᣬֻðϡ

ƾʲôίҪţҪߵ֪ί
˭ȥ߶Ȣ鲻Ȣء
ñӶˣ˺üˮѹ»
ϴΰΪѾΣΪԼ˽ģûйͷ
ξȻĶ¥һΪֿʼ
ô˵ǵΪŮڣֵûеĶģռҺдţ԰ͻȥ
֪ϢռҺ޼ңöˣ̱úԼҲࡣ
ͷɻԺӣ˵ǽϣڻ¥ģ
ͷϳϣźúõأǳֻþˡ
ۣþ
ǲоҵ˶÷֪ʲôǻþ
ҧϰ۵ĴղغߺĻ֮£㲻ѹɣôҲҪֻر                          
лҪ˵ϡ
дһ㣬κβܿסһ١

55

С, ܿȷ, ڳͷЪš
õСؤ, 
ͷ
΢, λʱȻǡ
˳ŵСؤͳʳϲȥҡҡͷ
СؤĴڻкܶ, ˺˵˲ܴ
ؤλͣԼȺ塣ˡϢʱǸ㡣
ҪСؤҵܿһˡǾ̫ӵ˽Ů
̫ĶڳǰգýϣһУ޼ҷ֣ͻ̫
ҪΪ޼Ҳϲŭ֮ҹգû˺һ²ಡ齣ĻУ
ŹӻظȴԸȢ, ̫ѻܿȥܿһ㲻֪١
֪£ΪǰܿھǺպ, ʮճΪ״Ԫ
̫԰ӻظ˵ý̤֮ż, ܿȴȢ
ԭ󱻱걻գĥʮӼӳǣɡ
ǰϲɽˮÿһȥز¥˵飬¶εʱ֪ġ
֪˴ѹҵ
ׯΪϾǵô뵽Լ游µļױ̵ĺҲȥ
ڴ˼һ飬ѳܿˣ˿ǵһꡣ˼£
ͷ
ţҲ޶⡣
ǸСĺӣĵأһһȡԷΡ
ܿһضڽ䣬һѵ·ãǰ毺õݣҲġ
ķӦĥµǣҵһ֮Ȼ˵Լ˭ỳɡ
ʱܿʮ꣬һֻСӣ䡣
Ϊʲôң㣬ܸܿߡ
ɫ̹Ȼ͵ҿǱʡʥˣȷʵ˽ġ
Ǳʣ
ܿÿЦһʮӣкǱʡ
֪֣֪³ܿһ֣Էɫһ䡣
֪ܿԼܿһ֡Լļңһζܲˣѵ̵ӴԺ㱻׷ɱ
˲ϣع顣
ôصļô
ԼպСĻˣŶԷǾȣﲻ
˰Ｚûë
Сƻȥŵĺһ͡
ǶΪСͷŮ
ôΪġ
һݰͰͣĺӣɴ۾ЦеѿڶʱôһŮ

Լ췣ȥ
ҪǷɵСˣôûأͱˡ⻰л˵ã
ָо̥ÿо
ǰӣǿ־ųġĻϣ޾ֻΰѺý׵
ˣҷɡ
ܿȥԼϴɾŵɡܿ˰ǰ
ܿƤСɫٶӢʮ㣬ü۸ɾ
ǰ˵
˭鿴ŶԼܿʵ
˵
ʰ޸ɾ󣬱ҪܿȥҼ鷿̸ãҲЭ
ҼӣǰСŮ֪ŮıºҰģȻύӲҪǷչ
ΪԺܰһԤУҲ׳󣬰ɱׯѹסλպд
˲Ҳˡ
δд󣬷Լ©˺ܶǰûעĵ㡣
⽥·紫ұ¼ΪλᷢҲûܿҵĽ֣Ǻûǻ
ԭѼҵŮСŮԽԽ㣬֮ҵ̫Ů
ҼַĸоңͨͨǸôô¡
һ۵ͷܿҼ̾˿
ñ֤۷£ǣ
Ѫло죬ͯܵÿǵİȫ
ֲǺˮޡεұ֤ԼĶΪ˼á
ܿԶݵҡԷΪ״Ԫѧҵͻͽ
öСܿȥԺ
ڴͷһһ϶дŵ
Ȼһдһߵصġ
дţߣĶӣûɣ
á
ʵգ̥֮ǰܵĳ̶ȡ
ԲҲΪʱ˳òÿշ߶
ٹһˡ
֫ϸֻǶӵӷףżᷢ̾кָܻ𣿡
ǰԼòо仰˵úܶԡΪüݡ
칫˵зƢǳ֮£˿Ƣ֮⣬Ҫõϧż
Ȼ֮ǰҵˣҲо飬˵û칫ǵ
ſϣ͵͵̧ۿԺô죿
˵øɬӲ뵽ԺƲץָͷҧһڡ
ЦۿɣСԹ϶ʲô˵ǰء
վŮӣλ򶼺úõģֻΪʱʹЩ֮û뵽
ΪȻﲻֻõİοˣԷȴ˵ء
֮ǰСĺǻĪǼٵĲɡ
ǼӣҲ֣ԭẬҧָȻ˼ҧˡ
˻Ӳɣۺ˾ҧָָ֡ϻһССӡ
죬
Ҽ鵨Ӵ˰Ҳ°ָҧѪ
ҪȥķСƨɣһԵĳͷ
ɡ
ۣ񣬡ԽԽã˺ӣֱ󣬻ôԸ޸㡣
Ų

ͣڰգҲǣҲǡ
µúܡ                          
лҪ˵С֮Сڽǡ

56

ˣ
ƽƢ, ִͷۡ
һ, ʶ, Լͦ, ȻҲзŮĳν
ǰͷиС𣬺бܣṫ˵, ǰкöɾӺɰ
հȥ¥һݺݺ࣬ŮӲгɼҵģ¥Ѱӣзɣ
ҼǳܸȡЩ˱Żɬ˵
ӷףƤģԼҲĿ
˭Ըⱻ˳㿷֮أҹӳİ飬ԸԼģ
, 鰡
ڨڨһЦ˫΢أͷԼ£ϵɫίί

յø, һʼ£϶񲻻ᶯ֣˫΢ģŨܵĽëᴹ
Լԩ
ʲô֪, ɺȻҧһڣԼ
ѱԼСƨɵķ̹
ҧָչʾ鿴ҧˣܵøҸԭɰɡ
鱻رţ̧һָͷǽڷ˳ָһǳǳӡ
񡭡ġ
ʱЩ飬һ²ؼ˵ôأֱ׳ˡ
󣬶ӱ䲻Ҳ֣Ƥֲڣɻң
Ĳ壬ġ

Ļش𲻼˼һѷСɵĶȻǰġ
仰ȥˣʵû˼
Ĵ𰸣Ĳûʲô˵ס
鲻𣿡
ȷӲı仯ģŷָá
ҡ
ָָԺӵķ򣺡㿴ٿ񲻺õģҶзչ˻㵽λѹ¡
Ǯʹĥҵȥо컹ҪĵòõĻָô
һûҪ±֣׳ơݴйǰǽ˰飬ûմȾӡ
װһϲأڶݡ
ѷףֱԷ޹ǣԼ
δΣ˭Ҳ֪ģһͬȥԣ
еϣôҲ˵ûС֡
ɵʧЦ¥Ůһʱ̼ú˼롣
ɹͽǸܼģɽϸҲ
šһ˵ţһȥҧָ𣿡
ըë۵ӣ˿˳
Ͳˣһ˲ĸоѣǸж󾢶
ػԼܴᡣ
ģ޳üȻˣȻһڣ׼ҲģҴ㣬İۺۡ
Ҳۡ
ӡҪʧ˵ָݵ鴽ߣ鴵Ͳˡ
Ϊ棬Լ¿̫ôڣβӦҧ
˳ӵ̧֣Ǹָᴵ֡
Ϣָ⴫ɱƭɵذοԼΪ΢ķ۴Եޱȿɰ
أ
عţϸĹ⡣
񣺡
ʲôѽۣСģӵ˺
ദһУҪһ/
񣬼סڿɽڡٴθԼԷԴ
ֵˮԡˡ                        
лҪ˵СΪз鲻ǰûã񣬺ˣüԲţĻ
ҲҰ

57


ܿסСԺ, ܿԺ, λСݰͰ͵, Դ, ˵ġ
˵˭
Ƥһŵߵĸֻص
֪ܿΪôӦظһԼĻ
һҽݴĶ, Ϊäˤȥͻ˼ҡ
β˵Ĳܿǰķ
ǰûܿǲ䣬˲ٿࡣ
εҽǰȣŽʶķɣ˼㾩йԱ׽ϱҲҡͷʸ־塣
Ϊ˸·, ǰܿһֱԥǷ˶ԷͷɵԵ֡ʱ, ߽ϡ  
ܿСɫϲԵĺΣ̾е˺£ע
ҿͦ, Ҳûѣҽ븮ֲԶ´γֽܹȥ𣿡  
ʱֻСӵܿ
ݣôǷˣţñ˶ϡ
ЦЦСɾҲɡ
ܿ۾ģ𣿡
Ǿ͵Ϊɣ˳˴
˵Ǽѧҽҡ㣬׸粻ǻмô࿴ͦõġ
졣
Ѿͷ˵øλ˵ˡ
ɣܶԵɡ
˵£¶
Ķ㼴ظУȴԿʼ
ѽ֪ܿԷŲν
ֻܿӦףּ츳صֻ̫Ŭ
Ҷо٣ͯݴȥǣһ̽һṩ顣
ܿǷ֮˼Ҫϵֻ̫Ҫҿ׵żɡ
ܿΪ㱻˽Ůȥ͵ÿԼ
ȸѧϰ̤ŶԷĽӡԺһߵ
㣬㿴ңܿ״Ԫǿºˣ֪ܿĶġ
㰲Ķǡ
˵ʱԾ˳ȥˡо첻ܲ룬ϣɵġ
Ϊһļ䣬ܶطܹˮκǰǸ竣ܼǵܿͲˡ
ߵĲԼҲܿ϶Ū۶ӣԸʰɣ顣

·̣⻹츮֣ڻ¥ֵ£Խ
Ҽ̸ֿһҲӣȡ񷼸󡱡
ҳ£Լиתʽĵط
һ֮ףЩá
㲻˼ôҲһԷȾƵѣǰҲʱͬΣһУ͹ԹԻȥˣۣҡ
¥һŮӺŲԸݹȥľƣ뵡شƤƲ
Цһλľѣйڽǡ
ǰʱЩ˻ǰƣλȻ޵ϡﻩѱɻǵһ
ҪôǼﱻ軵竣ҪôǲãԸʶС
ʱȱ֣ǰǱƵ꣬Ե˾ƣԷļƽϡ
㣬Ҳæ˷ɣ˺ӣҲˡղͬգԶǡ
һԸͣǰ£Сÿ춼ȥɣɼ˵ġ
˲ף˵ġһھƣȥ̬࣬ȺӲ
ǰҲʹһ뷨ȴ֪ջƵأԺ֣ļǮ˱ģ˵ЦҹͲ⣿
ɨˣҾͲһɾͣñ˹Ŀ࿴
˵ú˭ϣõϿɡ
һŮӺˣɫͨ죬ͷҴҵоʯͷʲôɾͣ
ǰҼ̸ҿƳ磬ʵɱ֪ΣҲûǮʱ֡
һ߷ߵ
ţԽԽӦ
뿴Ľӣ漴˵ĿģҺϻһ⡣
۾Ͷ䣬˵ʲô
ʵҴҵʵҲı
վҶ֪ׯһ£Ƕ֪ˣϷŪңڸ̨Ҷ⣬ѹȥ
֮ڶ֮顣
һڼܳ裬ҲЩסⲻ˸ӣҽһͬ
ü
ˣǣ
˵һȺѪڣھƵļ£սȭͷ׷Ҫ⡣
ҲзԵģܳ費࣬ųԸðաûǿһѭԸ
ųơǧȵйڽǣԸӹƱŮҲŵҪŮݣȱ־ͽˡ
ķСҲСãԷ˵ƻ̾æ
ʱȾͷκغһƣҸղţ԰ɣ
Цºͣл
Ĵλ󡣱ׯصע֪Ҳ벻ôЩ竡Ŀµӡ
ĸ¡ѵز
Щһ𣿡ĴԣȥǣɶǹŲѧ
ʱҹȣ͵䰮棬Ĵ಻ǰҲһӣ
һۣǸаˣ
оž죬˵ƣشϣ§ŷɡ
¡ĶӣȻҿһĶڼϡ
֪ںԼģ黹ǲƵعǡ
ͦȥֵʱ⣬ɽǶӡ
ǿһֱµ±ٲ֪˭ҪһɵƵģܵٲ£Űˮˡ
һΣĳĳ͵˼˲ܺȵĺþƣǾһ͵ȣζ
ա
Ŀģϲ֪ڱ竣Ƕ¶˵ȴܵ뻶֡
ı䣬ٳ֣еεģԼ
ʱһ˿ܳζ
ˣհΪ˴Ⱥˣͳͬ졣
ðɵԼ۰׵Сյġ
ü䣺ºӣҴȥ档
û˵꣬Ƥһ˯ߡ
УԶ˵
ǵ˵Ҫȥء
ԣҪسɳƽϡ
ҹشʣ鱧Ŷӣһ硣
ǶŬŬüұøá
ʧȥ˰׼ңµģԼδļҡ                        
лҪ˵ˡ
лСʹֵǡͶĵס
лСʹջ루ǸTELҴ򲻳ĵ׺ӪҺ
ллǣôôౡ
¹ǣôᣬдһŮתţϧﲻдСС
ȿȣһһһ˫˱ȽϺá

58

ҵ, ȴס
ƽЩһͬ, ͦǢ
˾Ӫ, еռͷ, еı˴֮ìܣݡãŶÿռ, ηֹ
ȻҾӦóԿ׼ΪϷ
ϷϣóԼı£ͬȥ
̵طˣϻͨϵǿ˼֪Լ࣬˵ˡ
;˳, ѹû
Сÿλôȥǰƣ̫ˣ
æµʱ, ۡ⻰Ҳ̫ۣͻ룬ͳʳȥ
Լȥһﶼ, óȻǰȥЩΣѾ´˫̥üѣĳ£Ѿôš
Сͣ⡣
İɣū֤ڵĵ͵СϡЦ
鲻С˵İȫаͿš
ͿȻ⣬ߺ󣬰ϣЩ΢
Ķ£ȴ£ҲԺ밲ˣԹ
¿һӣ廨ʱ䡣
űۣͣЪϢһʱ죬ָ㱻ϵơ
޺Ѫε룬ȾǶϣüã˱˱ָ˿ڡ
ܼž˸Ȼо̤ܲʵӿʼ飬ôҲȥ˯
ȵڣϵİɳˮȴһһСˡ
أɳƣӹС˵ݹˮһ
СԥŻش⡭粻ǱȥСͳʳô
ûأ㶣ţڶˡ
·ϵˣǡ
һվͷΣСæ
Ժſڣ̤ɳӭԼü΢Ѱ鱧˸
ҵãͳԵģӭҡˣ㲻֪Щÿ͹Ķ˵
Ȼ࣬Ҳоˡ
ĻѾͰͿ
ʣʱǣһͬô

ɻڸͿ˵ӦѾˡ
ⲻˣ
鰴סĻңӣСˣŵȷǶһֱûء
Լ˱裬˹˺꣬ɫݣĪȥˣͿأû
ͿҲڡ
һֱвסģǰ֣ϲ
ΪС̰ǻظתһ룬ΣҲûˡ
οиͿҲû
һ죬ԭúϢò¡
ûоԺһ˳ȥѰ֮οɣûµģǱʲôˡ
ͿҲЩȭŹһආĶ֣鷳ǿ϶޷ġ
һ룬ɵ˵ġȥѰĵطʱĽֵ
ȵҹŽһȭС㣬ǡûҵ
ˣƽմĵطûУǻȥδ
ס֣ȥҡ
ֵͬܣСһ𳤴ĶԷ⡣
Ȼðȥôһиô˭Ҳⲻˡ
ȥװĶͷԷѾðڼҵţʵҲձȥ١
Сˣܲ󶯸ɸѰңڶϱšǷɴӰ׼ҴΨһСˡ
ۿ뿪ۣ־øЩۣϽƽľȼˮ
ܼԼ
ȵ죬ǿû˯ȻС˽
ôһʼܸˣ־ԭ֮ǰһСˡ
С˵˵ǡ˵֪ĶԼȥ
Լȥ鵱ȻˣӦ֪ˣ»˭֪
Է⣬Сȥ֪ͨԺһСˣҲԺܣҪŵʱ
С˸鿴˵ݹĶһ۾ϳĶ׹
ó档
˺ſڣһŮЦ˵һǰôô
ЩԶԶ׹ڰ棬εģû뵽ܱ֡
һĶ
ԭǸСӽⰡ
Ůӿűߡҹ̫ڣ鿴üֻۣ֪Է٬
ҼͬϷϣֻôһٹ˺ǵ·ǲӦ⳥أ
ֱǿʶĶҪǮ
ǮŮӷ·ʮֿЦĻɲǮǮ¶ҼֻϣܵǸԶٷ
˼ǶԷġ
鲢ûдӦôˣʲôհɣһͬǰǸ
ŮӾư˻ͦĵġ
ϧΪôСӣ뻢ڡһϧһϮ
̳֣Ůӽս㵽һԣȴһʹȻ
ͷСˡ
ˣϢС˸ߵԼŮΪƫƫ϶Է

һȦʵûѰ˵ȴ֪鱻ץˡ
ĺ˱                          
лҪ˵ˡС鷳Ҫboss
лСʹջ롱ͶӪҺ
лСʹٶۡͶĵ׺ӪҺ
ôôա

59

δۼɳ, ֮ǰ, Ҳܿ»Ǵӷɿе֪
ʵʵʧĸо, ͷһء
ͷ, 漴ǵصŭ
ô̶̵Ĺ򣬾Ȼܰ˴ӸߣԷһˡ
в, 뵽֪ˡ
ԵãϱӾ֪ûеùҲǶԷʹӡ
˵ⳡϾѹͻԼǶ²ˡ֪ˣǰһڣھͰˣ
֪֪ǱĶţڵˣҲ֪Էϲͼ֮ˮܡ
԰뷨ȡӲϹķʽ
˶֪ׯìܣϻʼҵԼ
һʱûбĲ롣˼Ƭ, һ˼ңһȥű٣Լǰׯ
ׯʵ񿪵ͬ, һ⣬ļ̳˺ϻ졣
֪˵ļԭǰܣڼڲӵȻ˿˱ׯ
ССĲׯز, Խֺţʱ䲻ꡣ
ϵıׯš
ŵ˴źǷ˵̬ȲãܵҲڴ˴Сذɡ
ǿ֪ȥûԷ񲢲Ƿʱ
ҲĵͨĴ󵱼Һſڱǣǰͣںδ֪ġ
ƺ֪˲ϡ
һֱ֪˳Ǣ̸⣬Ҳ죬˲Ҳ
һ㣬ʾ֪˿˻¡ȵŵǷԷһ飬󵱼Ҳתת飬̵
С㲻֪ô϶صúܣǰձȥϡ

֪¶Ϊ֪
Ī治ǻ˭ڱһ̣ľһ֡
¶治֪ġ
ĳũլԺζӡ
ʲô⻧˼Ҷʮ
ĺһλ˶ŮڻǰһѽһԵ
һ̽ϵĻҡ
˱ˣСαضŭٴչ֪ЦȰ
ͬʱǱģΪС㣬Щñգ֪ǲûŮӣԷǸ
ͽסһһͷֵöʮЩũҲ䣿С㷭˸ۡ
С㣬Ѿˡ
ţ츮
úúãáСĨһͺ죬ЦⰻȻתͷ֪˵ˣҪɫǸ
֪˲ףǡ
㣬һϹ۳ײҵСӣұ˽šǳպãййҲǸСˡ
С㲻ǵһأ˼һС㣬ǵλµСˣ͡
ǸС˸㣬ҼַһˣТңҪǸȻз򣬵Ҳ֪ٺ١
С°ͣҾϲġȻȥҿ϶ڻһŻ𣡡
֪һ֪Էߵͣû뵽ȻзҲ
ҾˡһλУǲҪ̫ó¡
ɲ뱻ǣ
˭֪С⣬קߣ˵̫ùͬһСˣҲء
˲񷿣ϵƣӨӨУ֪ȿ⡣
ףֻϡ죬ûôע⡣ģֽʹ۾·аѽ
Īʶң֪ʱһݡ
ʶĻȻá
ðµ뷨Сһ
ӴС϶ۻ
֪΢˹ȥ
ͫײԾŴЩг
зīɢңڣޱ顣˫ֱڱ󣬴ŶӼѵڵϡ
Ҳϳ֪ˡ
֪Ŀ˸ӣСз½̴С


ţС˶˾ͶˣܱҶҪ㲻ڼܳȥ
һҲûҵ飬ȫҶˡ
ּ˯ȵҹʵڳŲס˻Ϣ
ֱظѷǰףƼŮ۵ɫ۲ѡ
˵ûҵ飬žϴ
㲻ȥˣҼ
ͷǱ˹٣ŵҲֻ˵æңŮȥʡ
űţصؿޣҪСø
һ²ؼ߸߹𡱵ϣҲΪ÷ǡ
Ǳ°ȥһʧףҵŮʲô£ǿô죡
ں
ˣ֪ޣķҼѵöԷһء
Ϊ˹٣Χ˶֪򲻼ˣ˵硡
ϲ֪ӺδҲϢͰͶ
䲻ϲ飬˼ҶѪô˵ԼҲصĵصš
ȥοŮǱ㶯ȥѰ
ȥһš
֪ˣ߰ɡ
ŵֻ˵һ䣬ָˡ̬ȿɲͬ
˵˷ɺСˣǰοһȻ᳹飬Ĵңڶٹ
أʡ
űһҪٰӣæСٵȵȰɡ
Ȼ̬ɻ
һ·Ȼ˻³أ̧ͷһƳȻ칫ӡ
˵֪Ķ                         
лҪ˵~

60

칫ҧҧ, Ȧ֪Ķ, ǡ
һʱ, ѡѻǳ, ҡڲ
һҹδߣɫԶ׼ѿﲼѪ˿, Ĭ칫ӣȻڡ
˯ǲڶ֪λ⣬ĳڴл
Էƫͷ庮Ҳ֪°ûί
һ˵칫Ķ
ǼʣҪԥһʩԻ, һ߸лһ˵ǡ
뵽Լҳ¶뵽Ц, վġ
˵ԼСȥԡ
Ȼһ·ϿҽСץ, 룬᲻ᡭ
ԭΪűץȻ칫ӵĽǶҲпܡ
֪˹ȻҲڡ
뵽ڻ¥໶úСðԺ֮в֮££·Ҳ˶Դ
һ£ǲʹޣôң
칫ԳЦȻҡ
ȻԼ츮ӭؼңŮҲʮ۰ʼձȲóŮ
ҲԼҽ£ΣòӦ㲻ٴ
츮޺룬һӣһֱδټ޵Ķӣ۳裬ڸʵûлȨ
Ҵȥ
칫ӵ۾ҫŹ⣬ᶨǰ
ܼأ簮£磬вԱС
뷽̬ȣ˲ˡҲ֪£Ϊ˶ĿΪСڣת̬ȡ
ðһù١

Сˣ˲ܶ
񵽴˵һҹֹ֪СĶС
Ůԡ֪˸̵
ôǴ󻧣Ŷ⣬֪˿ϰ飬ҲֻǴ͵顣
λãֱӰ˻ͬСһץˣ˵ʲôһһ
зȻܳС
ʱɱһСν鱩¶˵С£ɰӣ

ҪΪͷ֪ͨϵѹ
౻Է֮ͶģҲûùĹȻθ֡
֪˹ŶԷ֪ݣһֹ
ˣķɣ
ãü֪˶˵ĶԻÿЦ
֪˵ʱҲʮ𾪣ֻ򶨡
ԷɫȻ֪飬Լһ֪Ҳʲôˡ
ﻹǱһ˿ϣš

СۣȻϵⶶ˶
˵Ҳ
㣬˵һ飬棬ķɣ
֪ԣ֪˾ǰ˹ڽţ˵ͷ
ʱ仹üİͻȥɡ
Ű׹ҲԸʧȥ˷飬ȻᱣܣҲǣ
仰˵ôǶŰʵġûһ㱻죬俴ش
֪εЦЦ
ԸⱣҲ£Դһ٣ʧȥμ䡣Сߺߵʹ
ô졣֪˲ͬ⣬СĿ
Ӵϧأ翴⡣ϧ㲻С
ôС֪ʶ
˵Ȼű߿һǱӻӻݣС鷭ڵأһĻҡ
Ϊ㲻䣡һŮӵӰſڣݡ
ⱻɵˣһǱ߿ŮӷԼҹӣŴڰϡ
ȴɫƽƼ˹ˣ۵ĮȻ

ӱޣ칫ǰǴũլԺ
СЩңҸˡ칫Ӵ
վӣӣ𽥲֧
ָһ
֪ĶʱãȻ޴ģ֪δʹ
ϢϷŹ޲ֱӷɵĿĵء
Ҳۣҹĵ׽˶ദѾҡҡ׹ӲŶѡ
᲻ˣû۸û¡ͷԺ֧ͣ㡣
ʱŸеһǿһ㣬ܵЩ֮˵˺
á칫ӿ˿񣬡㣬ҪҪϢ
á̵
ȷˣ칫Ъ˻ҧҲȥ
ﶼǻ𣬸ɬʹ˲ô࣬ڸϵǴլԺһȥͱס
ÿ
ķŭѹֲסִսȭͷ
ߺˡ⻰ֱҪָָ֣Լʶң
Ϊ˱ϴĸľģû˵໰
̲סүүĲʶңȴʶҷɣʶҼСˣ
Ǳ˽гȥģһСѹǱˣ˰СŪιӡ
Ϊ֮
ǰļ˺ܿ࣬ȭŹ򲻺ãԼָ֣ɴ
ģˣҼҵ˽
˵˲һλŮ˵
ڣǡ
칫ںͷס࣬ҽ
ǼһȻû
칫ӴǣǲϤݣ񳤽ߵĻ
ɴҲܿͷ˶
˭ڽ£кã˵˿ס
칫Ӷû
Ż毺õŮӻﱧһˣСĵţǵķǳ⡣
廳ˣͷ飬еѪҺڽ飬ȴŮӱš
˫۽գ˯Ӥ㰲ȻŮӱ䣬¡˯ҲŶӡ
ʶŮӣԷȴϵ
ŮӽŲһ٣ЦЦ˵ݺݵġ
ҵǺˣǸ竣ʲôĪǡ⾪ȣͷ
ᣬ·鲻ķɣġ
Ȼļ޸㣬㶴Ϊ
ҡ񿴲öԷ飬ҲŮ˵ʲô
Ҫ̬ȼŭŮӡ
ҲǣҲǣҷˣ㣬ƾʲô˵
ֻظҡʣ˭
С֪ڴ˴ƫƫŷɵˣſڵҲǶԷġ
Ůӵݸߡ
칫ӺȻһЩ¡
ԽŮԽϤƳԷ壬ŻȻ
Ϊţĸ첲૵ǣֵĽ㣿  
ֵĽ㡭
йһ꣬ͶԷĽ㶨  
ֻǰ׼ɢ˺ԼԹۣ侮ʯˡΪɷ
ǰ֪˶׵£Լˡ
˽ʲôš
׸Լ⣬֮ˣҵС㶨ס
ԼҵĶС㣬Ǿ
ǰװ÷¶յõĴ𰸡
칫֧֧ᣬӲû˵Ů˭Ů
ĿֱֱͶȥֱͦ塣
Ǿ
Ǿ̱ɫⶼ㣿
ΪὫ²ԭ˵Լݣģʧƭѹı飬˭֪֪
Ҳţ㲻вõϢ
Щ㱣΢΢»һء
ˤˣҶŹ㡣ŰӰˡ
Ǿ첲ᣬôˤԼδء
ðԼģ֮ǰײ֮٣вһ
ʲôʸ˵⻰
ͼ̻ȻҲ˷
칫Ӷڷˡ
ݱԼҪߣٶǣô᲻Ǿ
죬
кʸҵȻʸƾ֮ͬˣﺢ
ҼǵС㣬ҷѾףӦʣкʸ񡣡
ǾȻŤ
лҪ˵~
˵һ£ǸѰ°ߵͼٵСǾˣԭǾ飬˰ᡣԵģӺܶģ֪˶ûа飬Ǿboss

61


׼ûе, Լû, Լ, ѡ˭أ
ǾᶨΪ, Ȩ֮ơ֮٣˻Լ
һƲ۹⿴ԷǼ, ȴ˵һ޷Ļ

˶Щʣü΢ǾܵĶסıŭٸ̧Ⱦú˵ķȥ
ŵ˺ʱ
ۿҪߣ칫ӡ칫һʼɻ漴
ܣܿ㵽
ǾͷҲأΪܶԸң
ȺԵĻܵﾫˡƾԼҵĵλҲҵ
ܳϿҵصͷǵв, 룬СӦòϣ°ҷɵ˾֪ɡ
˾֪, ǡ
Цбм·˶תֻҪ˶ɱˡ
Ǿһ˵꣬ǰļŮӾڿ칫ӵڷ, лú˵
ʵûĳ棬Ȼߡ
˿ĵȻǾ⣬üʣ㲻£
ֻǶ㲻ɱҡǣԷһ¶зͬԼ̸һˡ
Ǿĸ첲û뵽С㻹ͦͷչ˷ɺͺӣֿ᣿
ǾСıˣ϶Է˺ɣĿǰǲܽȥ
ʱŵ˴æ͸Сʬɡ
СǼΨһŮΪ˴ڽӴȻҪš
㣡
˵Ҫɱˣ񲻽£зԼ
Ǿҧҧ֪˵ĵӺζ
ǾȻɱ룬ɱ񣬾͵ð칫Ҳˡ
ˣλӣһһٵСҲۡ
ԼҵλȻߣԱǰ׼Ҽ浽ȥҲֲ˺á
Ǿǲûи֪ˣһ£ǴŻǰɢɢĵĽڳģó֪
˵СĵܵܺҲǡ
оǽԭһһаͿʹӣ㲻²£ȥĶˡ
Ǿֻ˷
С㣬ΪǷŽ
еעڱŵķϣû̻ش
ȵǾѰ鰲õϣųһŵģȥǰԺһһС͡
ҵʹȥԼ˸״¡
ţԷ֪˵ĵûС
ǰԺĴǾżɽѰ黹
Ͳģһ˵
Ǿɵ֪٣ʶҰһ˵ԸԼ˵
ǾѾҵĺӡ 
ĪλС㣬ѻ˷رƫã
ũĴܰǾòŴù͸ԼˣϷǹֱֱյϡ
˵ĻͲô䡣
ǾƤЦⲻЦ㲻䡣
ԭҴ˶֣·̫󣬿֮ǡֻõѺ£ͬһȥ
Ҳ֪޸ǲѣҲŻҸСβ֮Ӧˣٸòɾһׯǰ㣬⵽ȥ
ôصһЦ
ҶҪء
𾴾ƲԳԷƣ
Ǿȭͷһġ
칫ԣȥô
ҲкӣҪټޣҲֻ̻š
ЩСٺ;ˣ칫޹ȥ򣬱ʹȢ׵ġ
ﶼûˣһзԼһ
Ҳ뵽һ㣬ŶԷ˵ġҸ
ȻǱǾߵģʵССڣ
Ǿ˱ԼͷѪģһҪѰΪ˺ƽζƵϡ
ұһκ²Сײǻ˸Сˣ㹲ɫΪ˾ˣЩŵ顣
˵Ǳˣ鵹Ǿ˯ĳһʱ֪˵Ǽ١
Ǿһһ飬θﷸġ
̬ȺܼǲУǵǾһﶼв
Ʋ죬°
˺һˡ
ǾУǰ
ãС㲻ҷôٺòʣǷԸ⣬һ壬ûеȵ˻ˣŮӡ
ǾɫÿЦ㲻Ѿʹ˰ɡ鲻ԸΪ˽£ʹ˯Ҳǣ
־䶼ˡ
Ǿ˵ˣǰӡǰͼ̻֮Ůȥ
հڳӣͱĻֱ
лҪ˵:ǾɫֺÿġǱô
Ǿ:죡

62

ټ, ȥ, 칫ӽ
Ǿҭò, ״ӿŲߵǰ, ſڻ￴ţûҵ׼ǽȥ
, ɲΪ˿Ϸ롣
鿴Է϶ᱻ춯ҡ
Сһ
칫뿴ΣŽլԺò׽ֱ档
ǣϵƵģ˴ˣ
˵ţݺݵһۡ
ʱռˣһֱԥԥ˾Ѱȥġ
Ϊ׽, ֶԶ
ԷĻǡ鲻ԭңȻԸͬһұ㲻߶, Ƕ֮
ǰͷ˵Բ飬ͷǾˣ칫ӶǶιȥˡ
ǣǲ
סԷɵĹ, ָ߬
֪Ǿ˶ٻǣԷ޼ɵԭɣΪô
ǰ׺ü꣬û˵ʲôǾͷһ𲻵һ꣬˾ͱ˳
Ѱ˼ţ᲻ϱǾҲֹԸˡ
ǣǾֻǷȥ츮¡ҲָǾ
Ǳֱܹ˶һ£ԼԷɵݺðǾҲ⡣ϾѲͬ
ǿ϶Ǿߵġ
һǾ̫ԸҪ㡣
ʩʩȻ߽ȥ˺ۣݸһѺáЦݡ
ƣ
Ǿɫ
칫ҲҪȥ첲һȥţ
칫ӣ
ӹլԺݣ̵룬Ǿͦġ
ڴϵİ飬Ͻȥһͨ顣
ûаôɣҼʱ˯ŵģͷβΣ
ΪС˱°ߣ˵ʲôζ
ְɣĺְɣǾ˿ӣˡ
鱾ôͬ͡һʲôûûʣֻһŵصԼ壬ʢ֮⡣
Ǿǰ䵭˱仯ͷһᣬסĸ첲ҡҡͷû¡
ҹ˴δߣ;Ůӵʶġ
ǰԼףӦ֮Ǿࡣ
ʱڶԷߵŮӣû뵽
̡
ɫŰ׹ӣټȴ˵ġ
鵱˭Ҫ
ʶ˼֪Щ֮⣬¡
ֻǾܣԼ˯һ
û𣿡۽ǣü棬ô۾ˣͲˡ
͡
Цˣ֣ǣǺˣֻˡ
ؽӵıǴͻؼҡˣأ
ءɫ
ǱСߵģǾ˵ΪԼС²ȣǣӣԼǰź
û⣬ǾҲñķʽǿʶˡ
Ǿ칫Ӵ۵Сۡ
Ƭ̣̲סڴߣ˵ûӶһ
Ӵǣ
ЦˣҪǾôһ˼桱ᵽ⣿˵ʲôӶ
ӦǾģҴؼҳԡ
Ȼ֪Ǿһʱܷߣ˵⻰ǺͶԷǺ
ĶӸոս򴽣Ҳ
ôҲܶŷɣſ飺ԻҪԵġԵ㣬Ҹвˣ
һα֡
ѪҺͨӳѹ顣̧ë΢Ȱɡ
עַԼϣƿȣúΡ
ңһֱ󣬿ԼȴûΪʲô
Ǿѿúܡ

ԼҪףǾҲûԣֶź󲻸ҳ
ˣжüˣʲô˼
˵ǾöԲ
һӱ°ߣͬŮӹһҹ˼Ҷʧס
ѻķɣ޼ҶΪҲܺӣȴܷ飬㡣
λȥôԼء
ǰͶǾûоʱҲֻǾԹ
ȷȷʵʵǾ֮ᷳ⡣
ûǰǾ˵㶼סһ𲻻Ҹġѡ˭ҪŪ
ΪΥϴҲԣҴȥ
ȥǼ䣬񣬺Ȼͺ
ǰˣʻģܶղס
ǾѾﲻסҪˡ鰴סȵ֡
ôˣٸࡣ
ȥ÷ɡ
ӣҲˡ
ȥ
޽ǵķס䡣й⣬Цҳȥ
˵죬˵˼󣬹ȥǱ䵭ġ
񡰰ѷȵߡ
֪ȥǾܱʲôɫ
ҪԷʱɼвǾھҪöԷϲ˭Ļ
ߣղǾþã·ɲأؼҺҪɴϴɾմȾɾĶ
лҪ˵Ǿճ
:㹷Աˣû¸¡

63

˵Ů겻ͬϯ, 칫ӶӦõһȥũֻһ, Ȼȥ, ֻý͡
ǾԶ, һͷüȥһɫࡣ
顣ﷹ˲ó, ίˣһӣӦһ¶ӡ
ƳǾһۣӸ䡣
ЦȻЦݹѵȴֿ:ţá
Ǿѵİؼ䱾޴ɷ
ڶвҶ꣬ˣ칫ӻʱʱһ䡰СԷáΨ
Ƶġ
ʱԼҸۡ, ȥĸˣֽܵסԼ
Щͷͬܵ˵껰㿴һ, 
峺һˮīѻ, ò롣
΢ϤˣǾֵܵܵλѣҲһ档ᱧСèС˳ëǳǳЦСɾ
ĸԼȥ׼Ŷϱ˺óһͨסνܣҲһϲΪͬˡ
ҲԼкø
֮ͬԷһӡȻ׸ϱô£׼ӦҲദúܺá
סҲѽ˭ð׼ҼʵۡǸ˼⣬ôΪԼ룬ܵſԼĸ˵仰
ǾԼΪ롣
ȷȥٰȢؼңܸҸ
ǰȴܵǼһ̻ΪԷӣ
ǾӵܵǶ˵̲֮סˣΪĲĽԼΰѶԷӡ
ôϢ֪ԷǸŮϻ¥ݣ£ӼᶨҪѰߡ
ñׯ̨ҲҪģǲҲˡ
ô࡭
۵
ͷۣȻ֪Ǿᷢȴû뵽Էסֱˤꡣ
Сǣ
¶ϧʳ֪ƽǣһҲʮְϧȻǵø˼⳥ţȥ棬ܶ˼伲ࡣ
ŶֺУĴֱǼ棿ǾСûڹټңͭΪ飬ЩȻȲá
ǾסİͺֱɵŮӹôǲĸȪ֪ˡ
ºߣǡߣҶ㣬飬ִԲˡ
Ǵ
Բȥˣûмһ棬Էηȥ룬ǾȻԼĸס
ҵĺҪСǿԼ¡һӰĺӣٷѿࡣ
Ǿƹ߽סǰ롣
ô¡˴ôұ㣡
żѹ˵ʿԼģչ¶ǰȻͼ̻֮ŮԵߵֺû
鲦ǰֱֻۣһ䡣
Ģ́ΣƸȢҽţ
ǾĬˡ
˰࣬ٴοڣƣ·ȡ֡
飬ףڲǶʱ򡣾㲻֮ţҲһ˺ãĺһϤĽ̵ǻԼĺӡ
Ϊ㣬Ը׼׸ϱͷݴ޷Ƿָ㶼Ը̻ķɣԼĪǱȲңίʱһὫƹܣҲκβ㡣
һ˵Ĺٹ̣޷ıġ
Ǿ˵ٶ飬ڸǲԼҽ̵ͳ̵뷨ð򣬲ﳼ֮ӣֻǹ̡
˵ʲôΪźѣǾû鵽ԼǷĹúã̫ţҲ̫ҡ
׼ޣʲô鸮ӣҲٽӴټˡ޵ǼҸԸҲҵѡҹúܺãСأڴףѰˡ
˵ЩЩۣ§ס÷ɿԼϡ
ˡ
ǾЩ㱣š
˻ƣΪ𣿡
ʱȥ߷ŵƣ˼ƽԸŻˮλƮߡ
һȺֵСɾȥ̱˵ĻƣЦ
Ը֦˫ɣԸױˡ
̧¶ۣʵʲôˣ
Цᣬͷһƽϲ֣Կ࣬Ҳ֮£ͷˡ
ĸԸԷһӵˡ
ã󣬿ǵ񣬿Ǿģʹı顣
ס񣬽ߣɫȻּᶨ
ǡ                        
лҪ˵һ

64

˵ʲô
Ťͷ, ıһһ, һظǡ
ǰͰĳ, ˤŶ, Զ֮ǰʵӺαͬ棬Ͳˡ
סŲ½մȾ˲ˮ, ʪıŭ𣬵³˵ĻҲ˼ڽɱ
ǿǶԲסȻˣΪβǩ˺飬ȥνͰͶ޵𣿡
ĿڴۣԼҲܡ
ΪԼִۣδúദ
˴⣬һһԷûӰġˡϾ
û죬ãǳʱҲֵĮ, ·ѩбķѵһ䡣
쵰
ֻŽᣬöһõĿʼ
Ⱳӵ鲻ѹ, ſڷǰŵ
Լѡģûкڹϣܻ¾һ
ÿǷ, ñ˴˶ùЩ
Ŭõ˻رԼҲĺã⡣
Ѿ㡣
ԭԼĵġ쵰ˡ
ůӿ룬ŵһֲֻЩҪֿЦ
Ǿ·˵ƵĻҰɫſס
ȿȣǻȥױɡ
Ǿ϶Լ⣬϶ǧ仰׼ðת⡣
綨׵ǰһ죬ҵ飬Ҫ˵ͬԼ׵ĺôһ䡰֪ˡ
ĵֻܴɤＷ֣ư͡
ǻ˺
ôܡ
˴źһš
һֱΪס˰飬ԴԼߵˡ
Ǿ૵㲻ؾôСסĵطСط߹ټӵ㣬ܿ࣬ͬͼ֮˴һ
ڵģֻĶãҲսҪؾ顭˵£һϢ͡
ĻСȥɡ
˳ԼҼ˼Լףڼ˷кԼףڷһΣ;¸Ҷ飿
ǳһݣҲԼĹ
ο˰
ӣһȺŵıҲˡ
˴ϢԴʹǾǹ﷢࣬նǽ
Ϊ̫̫ɳơ
칫ӸϽѵҽأС㣬ǸСˣ˷ˡ
ǾЦȴò°˷ų

ĳ۶ӣҶԼŮʲô˽ץ
Ů˰˵ȷдͬˣ¾Ͳ׷
Ůͬ˵֪ɪɪ
ʹ񣬷ִ˵ˡ
ԱĶǧ
湦ҪģǾǾҲеҪҽ¸֪ĸϱ
ƵСϣԼˡӢۡĽɫ
Сŭԣίίˡ
Ů鷳
ƽνУûкùӳԡ
ҧŮȥΪ֪Ҳһ֪һۡ
̻⣺ĳʲôҲǵáϾ֪ҲǣС
ӣۡ
޵ϡﻩûˣֻǱŵΪūĴ
ͷο
԰ѷɽӻؼңøˣǾܸо껹ںͷ
Ǿô˼ô׷
뿪ʱǾĲ԰ҵġ
ʮ־衣
صûȥſھͰ˸裬ΧһΧۡ
ʲô
üѲľ鲻࣬ɾˣҪȥȥ
ϽߣΧڱſ
еӶ˵
֪鲻ʱԼһ˻ˣˣ
Ͽ˾ûȥҲ
ǵ
ʲôҾġ
㡭û뵽㲻ԼӣҪôˣ÷ɿ衣
̾˿
һз򣬼ȻõػıֺȻ֤û¡һôظд˵㼪黰ġ
Ͻɿ裬ƽ
ǲ⣬ѷɱ衣
չȥЩ˾һڡ
˺ˣԺ󶼻˳ġ
ҷɰ֪Ǹɾˣձץߣ˻ɶ¶ҲûС
ǰǰͺḁ̃
һȺſ˵ţ뷨ģҲʱ򷢱
Ǹϴˢء
ѽлǣҶǺõģؿǱˣúúò
ЦеظЩ˷ƽǮ
Цİ鵱Լˣʼ
ɢȥŰ·顣
û£ˣ˵ΪһСˣȥİ˵أ
ϰʱĶò˳ۣ䡣
ǿ˫̥ķݶϣҲúúö԰顣
û£ܾˡЦ
죬ѵ˺þãỨ
ԺҲˡ
ǻԺҴԷ˵һŷġ
ԡһˣ԰ϴ
ѩ׵мʱɵϣ۵˴
ϴúҩʱ򣬰Ϊۣ
մˮͷ΢ʪǼ⻹еˮ顣üԼϵࡣ
ˮδΣͷȥ
ܰﻹδƽ
лҪ˵ˡ
Ҳǿ
ĻᣬĻ¸ˡ

65

ǹپ켰Ǯ˼ҵȦ, һ۵Ķ, ͨϰҲš
¿Ǽ񷼸, ΡСϵȶ, ʮ־ɣûĿʽƷ֡
йصģ۵, ࣬Ƕһݶûˡ
񷼸Ϊ٣˭Щ˼ҵķɶȥء
񷼸󵽵ʲôͷ̶̼±ҿﻹв̻Ǻ
ڣ¥ϯϣ¡
ĳλϢͨŮС˵Ǽλ
ɣǲֻôʲôʱҲˣ˷׷¶ɵĿ⡣
ΪǼ̫óԵ, ζ۹ⶾʹ񷼸ڲͬ
̻Ҫѹ, 󶫼Ҳ֪Ǻαǵö෽֧֡
ŵǸϽõ˼
ǵģǵļѾ֪Ǻϻ¡
ĺӺȻûṩ, ˸£ҲԹۡ
û뵽Ȼɾ͡
ܿλʮ
˵УֻԸѣ뷨Ҳࡣ
ⲻȴһң뽫꿪ǡ
Ҳ㡣ܿ
һۣ㲻̫ˣʵʵȥɡ
˵ĶѾصУȴԡ
Ҽûоܾ񷼸ҲΪ뵽϶
о٣ͻϿ
һܹһھУضҪõ֧֡ǲ
ҼŮԽԽ죬ҡҡͷ̾ϢҲһ
ˣҿɲ١
֣ٳձϸɼҾ֪
һ˾ˣºͳȣֲʧǣʡ
ļ̫ʵ･ˣ㲻̡
Ŭ˶ĬĬ£ϰҼȨĻ֧Ůǡ
о԰Ľ
Ϊؼұ˶÷ϣһͬȥԺ̥İ顣
ʱֵļҹһ꣬ɢȡ
ɫԺ￴顣
зƽһˣ۾Ƿ
϶˻δǰ첽߹ȥϸģҪѰ鱧
ǿɴδõĴ
ˣֻͷ£ݻļ䣬æŶ飬ɲУӺӡ
ͷȻС÷޶˸
鿴λ£кôˣ£
Ӧ뿪ǽ̸ģˣԥ
÷ϺݸĶûʲô£ѡ
СͱǣͽˡЦŽӹ
С·ɣʮֿɰǽ⡣
÷ĿһԵ񣬴յߣС㰡÷Ǹиġ
еᣬ󲿷Ľ
ĶӣʲôʱҲиأ
˵Լǲеʡ֪ǻ챧űӿޣöԲңԲ
Ͻϣ÷˫̥ܸԼˡ
ߺ󣬰˯һԺоԼḧ

סֻ֣ﻹˮ۽ǲǷʱ顣

˯òá
۰컹ҹΪ˫̥ѹȣԽأܣֻ˯һһ
ÿذΰʱͻߡ
š
ɹĶƤӽĶӳŴ󣬰۵ļûһ˿壬еˡ
ʱע⣬˵Ϊ˫̥һܰˡŸ±Ｃ
ʱ㱻ڵòУܣҲࡣ
һҹ˯ţۣ˯Ҫչˡ
Ҳַ˯С˷̡
ǰļСǷϣ˵ҲѰұˣڷߡ
ĻҼ˵С۷ɣ۵̫˵ǹϻǿҲԼ뷨
Цģ̧ۣ޵ɫ
ԣ˵ŲҪԼչˣʵϻǿġ
Ϳ͸ɵС˼ҲԸ
ǳؽĶӣ񲻹̥Ƿߴٵ
ˡʲôʱ˵˵¡ԼӣҲ׼š
۸ǵӺãϽģ㣬û
鱻ڴЦʱôܾ
ˡ
۽ǣȥ׶Ƥౡס
ˡ
ŮԼ·ڶģʵúۣ߶Ц
Ӿˡ
һۣ۵ֱð
򣡣
æȥ
Դӽڵ£ŮסԺӣʱ
𣬲ѷŪ۵İɡ
֪ˣʲôװԼһӡ
һû״̬һۡ
Ҫˡ
λŷתļǷˣû˾ǳס

ˣҪˣ
һʱִ︡Ӹģʱ
۵ȥһѪˮѲѪǱС
⺢ȥ
룬һֱΪ׼
Ȼˣʱ仹δɶ߶ЩԵġ
ȵˮˣҪͽ                        
лҪ˵ҪˣҪˡ
ôʲô

66

 ΪհѺ, 鲻òʹ, źڷߡ
ǰܹʹ۵ò, ȴҧ, ۿȵġ
Һϱӷûӡ
룬ڷ޲͵ʱԳ֮ģ
ҪЪ𣿡
, ôˣҪߡ
ȷʵˣˮʹ޷£γһһ縣ڶǰ
ˡ
۲ǳġͺţһɿһֱʱ庮µʹذٱ
ţϵĺ
, Сϴô
뵽ﺰС
˵һзǰԡ, ˣͷĪϴĺã
ɿ˰顣
ڰ׼ʱһձҪϴһء, ΪǮֳֻҪкԡ
Ҫˣʱϴɣ꺢ӣӵʱ򣬸ϴ
뵽ԼȥһѪۣﲻʹ졣
ǰĬ
ϴҲû£ˮһӦšԣˡ
ֻˡ
顰šһ̧ͷ
񿴵Ȧ΢죬֪ɲһίҲǶĽţС
ֻϣ°ǣ滺顣̧ˮ·ӡ
ֽϡ
оΣǺЩˣ
飺£ôôȣЩ棬ǿء
ͷЦһĵС㶮ͦࡣ
ǡ
ҷӣҲö˽˽⣿һô졣

ЩЦеĻ˵öԣߺ
Ӻˬ˲٣οڷΧҲɣ
һַˣغǾңǼ㽨ðӡ
ʶ߬һַָſ
ʲôϣֻܿԼ
ס½ͷ˿Ĵ
ȥˡ
һҪ׳ı顣
ļҲﲻ˷̫࣬ؿŷɱ
޶֡
һڹǰ˵Сֹɱٽˡ˵һ˹ŹأǶоĽ֡ɿȥչ˵úܺãİɡ
񲻺˼ˣګګ˵á˼ȷʵҪ뷨
ϡ÷Ҳ˹ŲԴ
ʲôŮ˱棬Ⱦˡ
һֱǶŮӲĹء
ûǷɲϤˡ
ͷǺĺӡԼҲ߿ˣǺ£ۣԼöܡ
ҲߣҾšҪ¡
Ӵһһ֡εĵһ˵ĸо֪οơ
ŮÿҼԶԶģȵϢűӡ
÷ҲڲȣôŮʱԥ뿪ʱһһͷˡ
ֻᶨر̬˵ߡ
ϴ˲õմ˺
ĽǷ˱裬ΪҲ̰ţ·Щȡ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻоȼʲôӿǼԴ
ˣҷɣ۵Ļ
һо˺ѰʹԾغ߳
٣޷żĻߣѹţеҪ
Ųܶʹȷŷʱһľֹҧ졣
Ż
ǺܺãоǼЩС
ƿˣһ˲źС˵仰ùɷЩ
ҽȥɡ
˵仰˵ȥʲôãһŮˡ
ڲҪԣ뱧Ůˣʡ
úܣŮӽġ
ǡȥȥɡ
ǿˡԺ󰡣СҪģԼʣ֮䣬ѹͲ˽ȥ
ֻҪǶʲôزصģһ߰ɡ
ݣɫ԰ףðۣһűסӣȥҿ
ǱǾץȥһҹҲûĴۣҲۡ
һʹϣô졣
Ҫѹţȡ
һӵߣ乵飬ۿҡ
ۿ񣬽۵˵
οûµģء
ǾͲˡǺúðѺӴȻ󰡣Ҿʹȥȥ˵Ĺ𻨡
Ժˮġ
һоϷ̣ǳġ
鲻ȥ𣿡

ģġ
ʶԼʲôĺӣӦģż
ᣬץס֣ԷȻΪӡ
Ｓȡ
ͷָһǡ
һĶӣҷɼӰѾ
ҧľڸŽĻߣһһºǣһֱûзֿ
һ̥üѣȵ˰һӤޡ
Ӵλǧ𣬹ϲС㡣
һ˲ӵ壬֪ܵǮһ۾ͳȥˡԼҵЦúϲ£졣
һŮޣôŮ᲻ˡ
ǾŮνŮ÷ţǳŮˣ԰Ҳá
һء
ؾͱ֮ǰ׵ö࣬ڶ׾˳һֿ˻
ǮɷˣǸŮޣ
Ǯ񣬶ǵҲкôԺǽĶ
Ҳϲû뵽ɸԼŮ
Ժ㡣飬ǲˣ˵òãɶϵķͷ󺹣Ǳȴģ
鳹ûֻ֪Լˣ㶵صͷúۣ˯˹ȥ
ٴһֻͰ͵ִԼϣǰҲѹš
Сſߣ죬ۣøС̫һ㣬˯
ӣ
ǰһЦһ߿ޡ
ʱ㲣;ԼԲȥİ׼Ҽûкúչӡ
С㡣
Ҳ˷䣬ɳճӣЦǱͽţޡҲ֪ǲܸо㣬ұӣСŤͷСһץһץ
ѺӺͰһ׽׽ƾŮöԶá
˿ûоŮϲǵ׵Ц۾ܳȥˡ
档
Ůʱ۵ȥ濴ǣССһţؿԼţ;ۣҲǸԸġ
ˡһһŮ֣СӤʶؽֽա
صĸоʧֻȼۣϺ˼ֲ˯ߣ״̬˺ܶࡣ
۾ﾧӨһƬҲˡ

ãŮӤǴϲ¡Ϊݼμԣûд졣
̲סϲ⣬˱˵ԼŮܱߵ˶֪ˣֶһ۵¡
Ҽǰ㲻ЦˣҲΪСŮЦüۣŵԺתơ
Ľ㡣
ϵҪմմϲ˵ܻܿء
÷ҲĽģкӣһӣڰû֮ǰҲ߶ĶҲŮ
ŮԼܾءÿԼá
¶ȻƣźܵÿպͺӣҲûжԼڹ
ྡܾòʵ
ɵ飬ȥ֪Ǽˡ
ҵһѾɣҪľݵԡ̣ܿú飬һкõķ淢չ
㶼صġ
鲻ͬ
һֱı£Ǻ¡ҲغĺӡܾԼǲ̫ûˡ
ϣԼһլķɡ
ЦſƯ᣺úã㡣
Ǻɣȴڲúĳʱ
лҪ˵ˡ
ȫƫܰԲŰġ

67

, 
ۡ
Ӥеļ쳹ݡ
Щż̹Ѻӱ, Ļע, ޼¡
æ, ԭһҲȾҭҭ
ô岻ð
̹Ҫˣǵһ, ȴǵһֵĳ档
ŮһݾǵĿ޺ֻ̫Ѩͻͻۡ
СӱֻмëüûС
һ޵Ǳһ޵Ҳûͣ
ս̹ŵСһѩ׸źƵֱۣžһ޶ȥ
С㣬⡭
̹ΪѣûСչ˺Ĵ, Ѿ췣ˡ
̾ﶼʲôԭ
Ҫǵ£
ˡ
ľ, û㷣̹Ͼ³ֹֹһΣǱ
С㱻ߣǵֱ, ŽС
һŮǵҪǵſͣǲǣ
ѣ˯ʣʶ§סǣˣ
š
ͷӣҪء
ݲμԵӡ
΢΢ʱȥ˳ȥ񷼸⣬תһȦŻظ
ŮߵݣôɿǺá
ŹԣƽվͺˣҪǿ
ǴŮһľЩаǰŽĲ֡
ǵҼֱȡġ
ʱҼŮЦÿףǵԣµÿ
ʾǵСöãǰɣ
λԹԵľͻ̨Ƶġ
Ͱ黹ΣɴͶˡ
ӻСǴʱҲι̺˯ûš
ŮԼʱҲϲ
͵£ÿǾۿޡ
Ѿ̹񲻴ٻˡ
ÿλؼҶаɴӣŮڷɻ͹ޱȣϾͿɾڣǳˡ
ִ˴ŮС
Сһ죬ڰŤŤǰһСƨɸ
  
Ǽİɣ

գݿԻɫף·ȣʵס
ҲûǷаգúϢ
ȴԼҪΪ˷ɣʼڰ÷ǰ㡣
ѽҼҰôЩһֱܿ̿飬۵ð滹ʡԣԡ
ǲ֪С˯ʱأ۵á
Ľ㰡顣ܰӡˣֻܶм˰æҴŰݡ
һ˫̥ŮһòУԺӡ
ʱ˵մմ˵ʱҲԷɺľͺá
ȴһ˵úܽ
÷ϺһǸʵˣҪȻͬ
Ǹֵֻ֪ģֲڣΪֻгϢ
ŹʣרĶ飬ֻ躹ްοԼ
÷ϵĻϰԵ⡣
㣬ҲһɡٺǱȾһŶ
أһԿӵСûвۡ
һֱˣûʲô⣬԰ڰɡ˾٣ԼҲа
һ˶ݵĿԽڴģ͵Ⱦ·Ű
쵽µףźͰ£һ硣
Ϊϴץǰ¡أֻ˹ϵõ˼ҡ
칫ǰģ֮ǰԼҳ£һֱ˼ϵû뵽ܵõ롣
θɣ
칫ڼҲù
֪¶ҴţΪ˾Ȱ飬С㹩ǵü˲
ͳٶҲǨŭ
ڵӭ£Űһȥȡ
ԼĻⲻ̫ѣдĶдˣʮСС
ҶԴŲɡҲ֪ĶڶϺ֡
ݿͯڣδôʧ˼ҲԸô깩
磬˻˫ȴǷġ
ûУûжС㡭
ŷŰĵطϸϸأͷβ˵һû֣ſ顣
ûݵ֡ûǰŵĿܣȻ
ͰԼԺ÷ֹסؾȡ
ô᣿
ݣҲΪºͣ̿࣬ϲ˰ɡ
϶ǿ޿䣬ͱȥˣŮ벻㡣ȥҶ㡣
Ҳˣȥ
ߵԺһ˽ץˡ
ŵһҪץߡ
˵п֮ӡ 
лҪ˵ˡ
˿˳ֻҲ̫
:˭ô
:
лСʹ˵𡱡¿ͶӪҺ

68

 δ, Щ˱ԼϢ, 𾪲ѵѺſڡ
һ
㣿
еͷ, ʧǵݣˣ
˫ֱ, ߳һ·ݲŷӦʹûУǺ졣
ˣƶ, ôȻѲˡ
ǲȽ˵û˵ĹٲǿӲĿ£Ѻ뿪
Ժž

յ˷ܵٵţ˿̾ͷ裬С˵ȥ
ò¡
ٷԣҲݱ⡣
Ҽö࣬˵ľţȽȥŴ, úЩ
ǵ˶ԷŰʮֹע
£еĸſ֣е, еϣ͵Ц
ݷʵڿףؿɱȱлն, Ҳᱻǣ
ǰͷڰǰҫץҲһ赹ܲϢ
ҶУʱҲ֤ǾΪ
Ƕġ
ϰ齫Ů˯̹ߡųصӻݣ͹һ衣
鷿ãȥѴϢⶼûȥơ
л㱣ֱȵĴУ̧ͷظԼ
Ǳġ
صСԺ飬뵽ԼŮļˣı
סֱϸݵѰ
Ҫݽţ
û̬Σһ󣬳
ͷ
ϴ˴࣬ǳĬ
üͷ޳֣üġ
ᣬȻ룺ʲôʱ鿪ʼѧչԼأ
һոʧȥҵ꣬Ťɬ
ǰͬԼܣҲʱҪ
ԼļݲϲƫݺΪĵ˶ޱ߿˶
ÿζԷ澳ͳȥ
һֱͬгصĺѩãСȻҧˣȴǿ
ҲһֱΪܹɰĵļҶŬ
ǽģԼûзʱ˺ܶࡣ
ΪɰۡΪѧŪǱĴӡʱǰ̡
ǸټҹӣȾһ̻뷲
ΣǺúôɣԿ࣬ü׳󣬹õӡ
ǡ
ǿ
룬һȨƣŮӣǲǻҸ
סɵ֣Ϣ
׵Ĳֹ㣬ˣǼͬڲμӿǰһͬȥĳ÷ǡþй¶⡣
һλͬѾȷϴǶ⣬ݺ˱ΪͬʱѺ
Ķ⣿
˵ף֮ǣ˺ܶ࣬Ժܿϡ
ûе֮ǰݹ⡣
ǾݲףֻǱ꼰ĳ㡣
Ȼˣ࣬ͻˡ̫ǣŵ˶ԶЩɡ
鰲οΪγüչ
ȻŮ簮ôҲǸĸ٣Եҡ
±ضһֻͷ֮ǰܷ˰ˡ
Ҳ֪
𣺡ҽȥ̽Щ˿ڷ磬Ǻ϶һ㣬ʮֲ
Ҳ֪Ķƶ
鷿һҼȻᵽˡּҡʣһ£ꡣ
ϴ˵Ҫ񷼸ҼҲˣۼˡ
ݱ¼ҼǴӴ룬ܲͬ
һ˰йܱƲϵġ
飬ʱҿܻΪ˶£ô˵ϼ
̹ҲֵŮĿޣչ˺Ҳ࣬ȴûоæֵ
ЩǸΡ
˳пߣЦ
ʲôʱһΪԹ㲻ɣ˵һ˰
ܵԼǰҲڶԷ󣬾Щǡ
峺ƽķɣס°ͣȥ

˶æΪݱʱׯҵһѹϵ̣Ȼûܵóѡ
ģϹ˿ҲûߣĳǲΡ
˵ǶҵģֲûʵϵıȣεôĶ᲻֪Ʒ
ǰǲׯĨǣʾǹЩҪɣҲȥҡ
ֳ棬ǺܸжҶ꾭Ӫûа׷ѡ
ҵ֪ˣ࣬ԷĶŵ˲ѡ
ô֪ģ
ΪֺС㣬ԼϲСƵŮǰúͱ˹ĵ£֪һֱš
ǾСһٺҰС㣬ڲþˡ
֪࣬ԼǰȻɬ֪࣬˾ɾûٴ
ƫƫ໳ˡ
Сģģ
ʲôôͷϡ
ЦϱǴŶģ֪˭йϸҲҺ֪
С㣬˵Ұ´ȥ
˵뿪ˡ
û츮Ϊ㻹ԡ
֪ˣܹͨʹͣЩ
ʮչȥͷĹٿʼӡ
ŵ룬һЩ˵õͷţԻؼҡ
ûл
˵ˣݴϢ칫͸¶ݣžݡ
ĥǴʱ
Ѷǵ˭˰ɣ
ЩûԶİ̽
Ҫ˼׵˭ҪˣҪչ˵̣޲óȣֻ֣
ҹꡣ
ؼʱˣСֻܳɡ䣬½ǣͰͿһߡ
زڵϣӨˮ
ǿķɡϡ
񲻵òץסɡκη̫һƣɡԶ
˲䶹ȫ
ͿæԼɡ֡
ˣϽܻؼҡ
ڷܣͿòײ׷ϣǰǲݣС㲻ȵȲϢ£
ףǰǲ򣿡
ͷʪ͸ˣڸסݣҲˮ顣
ĨһǰʳһݵӰ
һҲԶĲݴȴɡ
һͳ˵
ģ
¿͸żУˮ񣬻ųЦ⡣
źţ˵ʲôһǹĵĻ
鰡
ȥ
˿ŷûгɡʪܵġ
Ϳ˵Եɣۡ
ôСЩٻøȥӣ
æ˸ɲãôЩظ
ʪ䣬ñɣ۰Ͱ˴ġ

˵䡣
Դģǹ𣬻۾
ķ꣬ͬɣ㲻پüѡ
лҪ˵ˡǲ賿¡
ϻһ¡

69

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˽ݣϣ˺Щɡôָ꣬Ҫ
Ӧˡ
ϴ괩·, ˽ʣأ
Ѿ˯ˡ
ǳǳ¶һЦݣȣ
꺢Ӻ˺ܶࡣ
¶ʱʱɻΪԳʹ࣬ʹù̼ѡ
ǱһͿԿҹĹӣȴڼһԺ£þ˵ˡ
źͰͦԵģ֪г, ޵Ҳˡһ䣬Լʶ
ôˣ
û¡
, 󣬽ϱš
двᾣҲǷʱ΢ᡣĶͻָƽ̹, ֲݡ
°͸鵽ϣЩۣıѪ˿п
Ű㽿֪¶ˣҵͺ
ˣⲻ࣬ѵû˷ۡ
Ĭһ˲ǰȥ̽ʱڵżȻĴš
еģ͵͵
˵ѹŶ㲻ţҪԸǵģǾ
ϵǾֵĻӦһԲȥ粨ƽúܿ졣
ǵǾݺݵһۣǲʵģ˵Լȥ
ôãҪ˵ļطԺ
ӣ滹ĵģԼŽѧϰһСѡ
΢ɵǱǣ۵ġҺ
ûж㱻ץ£Ҳ鷳ҡ
ΣûԼ
ûΪ࣬ôչ˺úӣؼʱһɵı֣Ӧõġ
ͷһִԣ˵ҵ䣬ĸΪʲôʣš
һ޵ͳ˱˻Լشε¡
಻á
ߣ˵ǺģһŮΪϽڷܵĺúӣ񷼸󣬵˫̥
˸ˣǰΪ˹̳裬͵˻ɵġȻΪʲôһ࣬£
ʱûðɣֱЩǳô˵û
ʱʧЦûмƽϣﻹеɬ
˶£ԼãöԷ˿ࡣ
񡰰һô͹ˣ
ʵҲһЩ
һֱȥŴ㣬ѯʶˡ
ĺþƺ͵͵ѵǲ˾С㣬ǶԷĴĥء
ǾԱŮ˵ŵ˶ݼҲ¡
Ǵ°˷ɣѹһɻڰ黳У㼴μԣûڳֶԸ
֪֣ٵǣȶ㿼˸õĹܿص̫ʱ򣬲ȥˡ
Щãʼû¾
ʱж𣬲һɣӴ̼
û˸ϵʱԼĸ˵仰ǲԸգȴף㣬;ˡ
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ѷɱϣҵʲôã̫ģ̫ѴԸϡ㰲ĺڼţһҡ
Ц۾⻪תŮӣϸɣϴ꣬§˯
ҹһ꣬ž졣
Եķ˯һ㲻֣ŶŲԴײǽ
ۼֵֿס˳˳ɵ˿
룬ȥܿ

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Ǵݿԣƾ٣ܿԺõõָ㡣
ԣҲȥǣ̽һ̫Ķ
ʱһͬǰһ游ļҵǷعںá
ݽ˵ԣ躹ޣǰ·ӡܿǰǿ״ԪģãӦ
ܶǰͬ
㱻ץҲǺܽ޲ðæжʲô£;˵ɡ
ܿǸˬˣ̹Ȼ
ĥ֣򴽲
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֮Ůڲں˺£ҲôСĿȾϰõ۹⣬ȥס
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ȥҺԼˣǸǰΪ̫С㡣
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ҽݵǸСϹӣᵽеԥ㣬˵ھȥô
̫ݲͬ¿ɼ
ԭôʱͿʼ£
ЦˣԼȥ˵
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