صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ


Сߣ䷲


İ
ʥʥ񣬳뻯顣
ǵĽǵʱǵսǵء
ҿһСγ𣬴Լֿ󹷵췭ظڽصһʡ
ע澭ڱ𡢷Ǿתľ澭׽ʮ·桢νǣǶģƿƣ



СӣЩʱ˶಻һ󡣡
ܱߵһɽߣǿյ֮ϣһһڷšòͨȴһ˫۾ͷİڶɢ˲ҿܡ
ڷȴ쳣죬پ£񣬴ӳһϢУԣȴһŮ˶Ϊֹ
ڶܣʮ˻򡢻ɡվѶΪĵ㣬ʰΧ֮ơЩУȥ״̬һģֽ麹״̬ˣڵһϢΧļֱС׵ľ޿ӣոǱһս
Щ˵Ŀⶼֱ꣬ž֡šʧһϵеĸ֮ǰǳսԵľ꣬ûһ˿˺۴ڣϢԶ೤ⳡսȡʤ
ǰ˵Цˣ޼кܣǰڷһ˿΢Цصĵģʵ뵽һˡ
СӣҲϻͷҲˣȻƾǻ򿪴ھһ仰⾩ǣǲһһӵĴţȫûһֵķ緶һͷӡ
һ䣬˫۽ǰĺڷ꣬лһһš
ڷ̾һ̧ͷա
ʱźɫ꣬ǣЩ겢ûǰ㣬дŴĦĻ⣬еֻǹḷ́ʯ֡
Щĺɫʯŵ漱ȥȴûһȥ·ЩʯԼʶԿƷƵġ
ڷջĿ⿴꣬üͷ΢壬̾¡
Сӣˣô
Ǳֲһ˿ĻĴ˺ڷĻΧ˶
Ŀ¶⣬ֱڷꡣͻȻԵ޹ʵĹһǿ磬ϸܲΧĹѸٵĻ谵
ԽԽ󣬻һĽһЩĻǴ˵ģѾ뽣Ϣңߵĵֿš
һ˲ɢƣ˶ԾͷֻһȴΪǾǰĺڷꡣ
~~~ǰҪȻǰϲ˵أ޼ǡڷ̾
Χ˶ȵĿźڷ꣬ȻˣӶˣԼô˵ˣڷ겻ϣٴηսмܻ
ڷ껰䣬ոǸֲľ̼ʧĵȻ޴档ϵĺɫ꣬ҲѾϡ
˵ͷޱ˵Сʶ࣬ȻҲҪĶЦ
ˡˡˡ
һƬᣬȴһشݺݵûеķڷüͷ״αֳ
ͷ֮ϣǿռ֮һȦȦˮ֮·һʯͷˮʱγɵĲƣɷǹ졣
~~~~~~~
ʹ˶Ϊ֮һ𣬲֮бһ޽ֱ֮ϡīɢŵϺɫִ֮ĸо˺ëֱ
ɫ޽պʧ֮һһĺ¡˶̧֮ͷգĲ˼顣
˶ݺݵһĭع֮ʣΧĻӰֻһ仰쳹˵ĶС
һûӣΪ֮
ڷ˫ȭգоԼȨˣȴöԷһ취ûУ⻹ͷһ⡣
ʱһˣɫףһ˿˿Ĳڷʵǡ
ţν
ڷĻشˡ顱һصĹڵϣڵ棬˵ҵ۽𷣡
˹ûãͱһᾢж𡣡޷Ҫ̽ǿеģֻʵƲѡ֮ʣͲͷˣԺҪ񡣡ڷǵ
˵ͷǣڷ˵ͷ˿ܵǣĵ΢Ц˵ˣҶúõϢһ¡֮Ǿȥһذɡ


һ ҫ뾳
ݺɽׯء
¥ݶ֮һ˫ͷݶ֮ϣĵĿǿա
꿴ȥ겻ҲʮҡüĿ㣬ټ侫£ݣ߸ߵı˫ۣ˸һС
ͻȻһĺУҫ磬ֶ㵽ˡ
ʱһСŮݶŮһĸоȴһֵȻС鶯˫۵գѩϾļСС;ɫԺ˵ǻļ
СŮҫ£ǿɽׯׯСһŮȻֻŮ
ҫعͷų΢Ц˵СѾͷҫȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ҫ϶Ϊ죬λʦֵŶ㵽ģô
ҫÿɷҡҡͷصû£ҶϰˣСѾͷȥɣ󡣡
ʹҡͷͺ˹Ƶã˵ҪŰҫ磬֪ҫǿڵ֮Ųһʶģ򡣡
ҫָСǷ۷۵С촽ϣ΢Ц˵֮˴㶮Ҿͺã˶ȥᡣ˵ˣ翴ǰɡ
ĵ˵ͷ˵ա
ǵţֻΪ㡣
ɽׯݺͭɽؾŹɽŹɽǺһ顣нɽ֮㣬־֮ΰ֮ۡա桢ġ㣬Ȼ򣬵Ҳһɽɵľ֮ء
ׯɽףòˣŭԸǼ˿ð㲻ƽ֮¡һ㣬ޱȣ¾Žʽɶֲʧͣ缲磬籩ס
ɽׯɽŵضμѣټɽΪˬ㽻ѣƺʩ֮ҲС
峿֮ʱҫ򵥵ϴһ˼ͷʼһĹ
ҫһĹܼ򵥣ۡһ۵Ļȥʰ˵ֻĵײѡ
ʮǰɽڽĴʱһСׯϵ˰ҫ
ѩأޱȡʱİҫֻ꣬ĽɪɪϴһƵĲƵСްС˫ֶͨ죬ﲻͣϹ
ɽ㽫ؿɽׯһССˡɽϴ书ǽ֮󣬾һ̽飬ִѨͨûа취ϰ䣬֮Ҳֻ÷һˡ
ҫҲûԹ԰ʱٿۣҲȻܡΪ˵зԣܳԱд˯˯İȾ㹻ˡֻҪܹžĶˣڻΣûںһɵ˼롣
ƽҫҲɵԸֺǺǵģɽׯڵ˴һƬæһȥʲôһ취⣬ǺڹҲǵһű
Ը񣬵Ҳõ󲿷˵ϿɣƽʱҲҫǰҫĽš
ʱҫ¥࣬ɨر߸Աߵһšĵһ룬㱻һ·ӱݺһŵŷڵء
һޱȵСӣү·ˡ
ҫſڵϻͷһĬվ˶ϵĻҳվһԡԱߵ˿һ꣬ҲΡΡվһԡǶ֪ǿɽׯׯ죬˸ǲ
쿴˶һۣЦһУһŶߺ磬û˼˵꣬ҡڵĳ¥¥ȥ
ߺҫϸҫ磬үҲ̫ˣǵЩˡ
ҫνЦЦص˼иõŵʱȴһ˵ѣǻȭȣǣҪǱ˿ׯϣʬͷˡ
ҫЦЦ˵ˣ㻰࣬ϽɻʰɾʦַҪˡ
ţǼһҲʲôǵĲ硣
˴ɨȣҫصԼСéݣΪ˵ԵʣûʸסɽׯڲĽڣֻסɽׯΧȺסԼļé򵥵ĳԺһСЪһ£ٻصԼĹλ
ɨ࣬ǰҫһĹ
ΪˣɽׯһӣݶߡЩүСˣʱɳΪֻ̫˽ơҫûƢô򶼲Ҳִ˲ƣר۸
ÿҫԾܵɽׯ䳡Щ
ʱһҫҲϰˡʵҫĲ书ô
ʵȻ书ÿϢķ¥¥ǡ书Ϊÿΰȴһ˺۲
ҫ˵֮˴ʲô
ҹҫһ¥ǣʱҫ΢΢һЦ˵СѾͷɡ
̾ϢһݶԵ£ϡһȳɣƮݣСС֣ͣɼѧʵĲ
С죬ˮĴ۾Űҫ԰Թҫ磬ô֪ԱߣҶѾСĵȥˡ
ҫ΢ЦԴص˵ܡ
СĿҫ˵ҫΪ֪ҫľ־ˣλӦǵ֮˰ɣ˵ĶŰҫţƺҪӰҫõ׼ȷĴ𰸡
ڽУڹķ෱ࡣÿһڹԼͬԣҲŸߵ֮֡ÿһضĽޣܹһصľ硣ֱǣʥʥ񣬳뻯飬Ľס
ÿһַǰ㣬糬ʥʥΪ㲻ͬľ硣ֻн㾳Բ֮ٽڻͨſԼһ׶Σÿһַǰкڡ
ÿͻһڣһͬʱҲפ֮ЧԼһЩáûͻһǿһ࣬ڽʱһЩڹȣò䲻ȵˡ
һ˿΢ЦҫҡͷٴҹǿաŰҫ㷴ӦСĸˣĴŴԼĲ
һͻȻʲôƵãҫתͷʵСѾͷ⼸ׯôôס
صߣ㣬Ͳ㣬ȻشҸոյ⡣
㷴ӦҫԵúΣֻýеͶ˵ðɣðɣСѾͷˡ밡Ӧڳ˰ɡ
仰ɽƻᱻŵಡͻȥֻǵһ׶εĵһڶѣƺҲûʲô˲
ʵɲˣٸӣɽĵӣҲĴͽ塣
Ѿ20ͷҲͳڣҲ˵ҫͬɽӽʮȴҲֻʥڣֻʥںΪһͻƵʥ硣
ĳɾѾɽǳˣΪޡÿһǰкڣֻҪʱ϶Ļ۾ͿһЩ鵤ҩҲԡ
Ҫһ㣬ȥ򵥣ʵͷƤ飬Ϊȫ޹أҪԡȻڹķԶ򾳽ⲻСĸ͸ֹֻһ㣬һӶд
ǶԵһ׵һ㡰ĸɽĽǧͽֻĴͽ壬˳֮ɽҲ׼һׯ
ɰҫأ15꣬ûϰڹһаʽȴƾ˳֮ԣ֡
Թʱ֮ϲЦտ˵ҫ磬ʲôҲǺءֻҪʲôʲô
ҫ֮󣬵ɴ˫ۣĲ˼飬һ亹¡һ˿˿ظ:
~~


ڶ 
ҹҫڴϷȥʼ޷˯֮ǰ˵ʲô˼
ɽϥŮ
죬òͨխѧֺСԼׯɽׯںаԵ
ŮƮƮ۹綬ѩò֮ѡƢԾͲҹάˣСĸˣԳ֮Ը쳣۹֮ߣĴʦ˫֮⣬κ˶
ǰɽϣҳߣδ顣
СŮǹɿˣȴֻǸŮɽҲûжйĹעһ˼ķԼһһŮϡ
ҫţԴвϵĸֳЦ˼ǻϴ
ʵܼ򵥣λ޷Ҳ֮ͨѣӶԼڵλȹ̡һ㹻ǿ󣬶һС˵һ£֪ºó
ҫ˼⣬˦˦ԴԼˣ֣û˭˭ҲпǴʦ֣죬ƮƮпܡôԼ뵽أûôɺϡҲ߶ʮһ˯ˡ
ڶգҫ𴲣ʰϴ꣬򵥵ĳڣɽׯĺ԰⼸˴ɨƬ
յ԰кҫ簡ļ˼ҲкҫҲ΢Цһһͷкˡ
һܰҫĵҫ磬¥ɻǿϧˣ֪Ϊʲôô֪˭
ҫҡҡͷ٩֪ᶼߴð˴˰ɣ
˵ΧΧµ˶ЦܰҲգЦ˵ҫῪЦǸ֮һּҡյʱǽһɣ߻ּҹڰ̧Ͻġ½ʱ˹ǣּҹӵʹ֮Ҫôһ죬ֵˡ
˵⵽һ˰Ц֮һ죬ʵֵģ㡣˵һЦ
ӻ˵ּ֪һּҴӡ˵ּҲƴ˼࣬ڸ֮һɶּҡּμǳ˵ǰмɲּңڶ㱻ּɨƽɽţڵͽҾǸǱɱɾҲּҼһĳɷɻҡ
Χˣһһ㶵ģмǺݺݵһĭЩ飬Ⱥˣ˵ˣû˱㷴ұϹһưĳɷɻҡۼ
ڱ˷Ҳ²ȥʱµ˭˵Ϲ˵ˣһּҹ˵ҪȢɽׯСء
䣬ڴҶûع֮ʣһֻ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣץס죬ֽ߸
ʱİҫ˫Ŀ죬ؽҧɢһҰްơ·ֻҪ˵䲻Ļͻ˺Ƭ
ҫŰǴＷһ仰ո˵ʲô˵һ顣
Χ˶ҫһٶɢɵˡƽİҫΪ壬ѣ⣬ĳ˭Ц˶ܹİȫһɵĸо
ɴʱƽյȫˣһѪ䣬ĸоʹΧ˶ڡ
ؿѾ˫Ȳϵٿҵţһҫ񣬲ûŻȥҵĻصҫ磬ˣˣ˵ּҹ˵ҪȢС㡣
ҫֱӽһԣȾɽׯȥ
ʱİҫʧ˷ִ磬ԺвͣĻص֮ǰһ仰ּҹ˵ҪȢС㡣ֻһˣǾɽԸ߰ҫ仰ǼٵģֻԶﴫˡ
лһžݣץšһ㣬ɽׯ񱼶ȥ
ɽׯɽԼĴ彻̸ţƮƮҲһšͻȻ⴫һ˺ѷΰĺſңҪׯſҡ
ɽ֪ǰҫˣҫĹϵҲֻּĲɽׯ𰡣οŮô˵ҲСݣбûּңҲԲδ
ɽͷ˼ʱȵ
һͽصʦ֣һˣаҫھͺߡͷ˵ɽ˵ɡ
ɽţʹʹɴձ⺢ӵ룬Ǹʵʵ뷨
ͽȭǣȥһҫһͣ±ʵׯСҪ޸ּҹ𡣡
һ䣬һ֮𣺡һˣȻôׯ˵ˣ£ȴʮ塣˵ƮƮ
ⱼͽֱӳֿסҫ˫˫󣬽˫סͬʱһ̤ҫNѣʹصĹڵϡ
ۿҪѰҫϳȥʩ֮ʱɽȴֹţſȥɡ
ͽſҫ˳
ɽŰҫдôһĪζ̾һ˵ոյ⣬ҿֱӻش㡣ǵģֻףּ֮ұʽӭȢ׮Ѿˡ
֮󣬰ҫԺһ㣬ˡ
ȥÿԼʧʱܻһ֣ÿԼڰܻ֮һֻСĨԼϵۺۣÿԼһݶϿǵʱܻһСŮĬĬ֮СŮԶʧߡ
ҫ˵ׯѵûص𡣡
ɽδ˵ƮƮٴγǳˣһССˣʲôʸ˵ĻҲԼʲôݣϼ㣬Ѿǿˣ֪ߵغĹ¡
ҲϽһ㣬˵ף֪νˣӦֱӷֽţǡ
ɽ꣬ȴݺݵһۣŭݵ˵죬¡
챻׵ⷬģһȻ¡ĿĶŰҫеŭ·Ҫһ㡣ôŪף׾ȻΪһ˺ǳԼ
ɽعͷŰҫʧǰģҡҡͷ˵ҫ֪˼ͬƮƮ˵ǰ㡣ʲôʸݣҪ˻顣ּҿɽׯﲻ𣬸οһССˡҪıһУֱǳ롱
ҫ˫ȭţָģһεѪĵ¡
ɽ˵ĶԣԼʲôݣˣūͣһݡܸıʲôʲôı䲻ˣֻԼһԸѡ
ٿּңڸһŶҪһˣô˼ұȣֱѻʯ
ɽ˫Ŀ΢գ˻˵°ɡҫصĿһͷ겻˳⡣
ɽ˵Ҳȥɣ¡ƮƮҲ뿪ȥ֮屧ȭʵʦ𣬵һ²
ɽصΪζһˣݣ԰ɡ˵ͷ˵
ɽϴһ˿΢Ц˵Ȳ£壬һͨˣϰ֮ˣ֮˫ֻô
ȻѣԭҫԸͽסġΪ뿪ʱ򣬻ûа㲻֮˫ҲΪԼȶ߬ѪġҲ˵ͽû˵ı¡
һ㲻յˣۣûþͷſҲ˫۹ؽĳ̶ֳϵˣգٴ


 ʦ
ɽׯɽȻһһŴӦҫվڶǰѾºüŴСһĶ
ҫ˫ȭ߬ţзһ˿˿ỨѾˣ֪ô죬ֻ뷢йԼܣԼųԼûȥػһС
~~~~~~~~~~~
ҫ𣬱˫ۣ˷·ʧȥһ㣬£ֻǾĶһ
ҫ磬Ǳɽׯ䳡еɳ㲻ȴ󱿵
ҫ˫ۣһ˫ۣ˵ûãػ㣬ûа취ȥıһС߰ɣҪˡ
ž
һĶУҫҲ˼Ŀ
һ֮ͳ־ĬĬİŰҫ˫֮֡ǰķйУҫ˫ȭѾƤ
һ߰һ˵ǵãȥȥɽϴԵһ𡣡
ҫͷƺ䵽ʲô˵ʱҸɢˣҲɢɣǸûںҡһϹߣֲ嶫ˣҲҺܺ£ֻϣ˭ֶãܲܰҴɽׯνֻҪҾͺá
ҫ𣬽˵Ҹ꣬ҵǰʱˣȴɴ΢Цҵ֣˺óһ·ŰҴɽׯ·϶һЩҰ޵ʬ塣֪ɭ˺þãҵҵġ
ҫĬŰҫ˵ϲİҫ磬ǸΪңִ֣ţǸκ¶ԣҴһ˿ɵЦȴڣԹ԰㡣
˵꣬վͷ
ҫ֣Ѿõ˫֣˵ѾͷҴ绹ôȥ˰
̧ͷǱ־ԵɵЦٴγУ֪ǸҫֻˣҲ΢΢һЦȻĹĵ˵ҫҪõˡ
˫ۣ˫ֲΪϬŰҫҫҲֻɵЦɦɦͷ
ҫСԴ˵СѾͷлл㡣ģӦӽ쿪ʼ̤ҵʬ壬κ˶˺㣬㲻¡
С΢죬˵ͷȴ˼ţССּңȻİҫ벻ߣҿּҲûҪˡ
֮˱صԵסҫҲƺ¶ģ·֮ʲôһ㡣
ϣɽƮƮŮ̸ʲôŶ̸ЦӦʲôϲ¡
¾ƮƮͻˡ
ɽǸˣΪԼŮҲ˳֮ǼԼͽ֮ڶ򵽾ˡȻֻǰڶѣҲ㹻ɽԺˡ
ڵϣһɵʢصķٻ档
еĸж٣ֶ࣬ܿƵĵ̾ʹ󣬱Ȼ㣬ȥĶ˼Ҷ㼸ֱ档٣ԼС˭㣬ô۸ô۸㣬ʲôöҲֲã۸ˣҲҪš
һʵ˵ȭͷϴȭͷСһѲݡ
Ǹּң򾳽ģʮλ֮࣬Ѿﵽʥڣɽ߳һ׶ΡҲѹ˼ڵʢ벻ʢа
Ŀɽׯе֮򵽾˵ֻƮƮˣҲɽο𿴿ɽׯԼɽأʵûбô⡣
ƽһЩɵĽϣ˵ܾ볰ÿһεĽᶼ⵽ɵĵϡ䡣
ɽҲǸŭԣɽׯСɣ˵ţëɣҲǱȱȽǡһЩɣͬһֻϣμӾͲˣ뷢ʲôҲϹˡ
ΪʲôôǾ仰ٰ
ʱɽ⣬ƮƮЦƮƮ˵Ѿﵽ֮Ÿ̤磬Ҫһʱ̣ɲҪ
ô˵˶֪ɽɡ
ƮƮصİɣдʦָңŮģһ̤֮볬ڡ
ɽЦããã㸨ҲģʦߵͦǲǷİˣ
ƮƮ৵һ£糺죬㿴㣬ЦŮˡ
ɽϳɾĿԼŮɶ뷨֮Բͱ㴰ֽΪԼĴͽܣƷ书ҲԼŮƽҲЦ֣Լһֻ۱һֻۡ
ƮƮԼĸ׽鲻֪ԼʦֵĹϵҲûзԡ뵽ɴȴǹ˵ʦ֡
û˵꣬ȴһϣҫһ󣬻ׯȫҫϥء
ƮƮüͷ壬ܹɱ˵Ļڵİҫƴƴˡ
ɽû˵ƮƮŭ֪ˣĴεôԼʲôݣﲻĵط
ҫҡͷҲ졣֪ƮƮĵ壬ﶼһ㣬ȥʹ죬Ҳû
ɽȴ΢Цҡҡͷֹ̧ԼŮã˵ҫʲô󣬵˵޷
ҫ̧ͷɽ˵ׯΪͽ
һ䣬ɽŰҫԲƮƮȴסˡ챾ףӦĻµģȫСƻˣǴԲѵҪɽΪͽ쿪
ֱȵһˣʲôʸҵΪͽʲôʴʡ
ҫôƢҲ̲סˣ챾ǹĪׯΪͽġһٶ⵽ƮƮ䣬ԼôȣﶼῪʼꡣ
ʱҫ˫۱һ⣬ĶƮƮ˵ʲô£Ա֪
ɽȴǰоһ˵ƮƮȥ԰ɣֲҪ̫ء
ɽţʹҫ书ƮƮ֣ҫʤ㲻󣬸οԼŮ˳֮Ӧʮþȣֻˡ
䣬ƮƮֱӱγеıҫʺȥһ׹ɲ֮䣬ѵҫʺǰһִ
ؿҫ΢΢Ʋӳһƫպöޱȵһֻǽ֮һǳǳĽۡ
ƮƮҲССһΪҫᵱû뵽ȻɵĶ˹ȥ
ɺϣԣһɺϣһ˶ѣʹ书ҲܸСᲢۣһɺϡƮƮаοԼ
ҫܹһģͱҰãͺúõ󡣡
ƮƮһУعΣַһƣҫšƷ쳣ԶԶҡβѣƱҪҫĸǶϽۡ
۰ҫȴǲŲæֻҼǰһģײһƵıҲϡһƮƮսֳɽָһƮƮս󡣶ʱƮƮʶĻعͷΪȵķ֣ոջǰİҫôͻȻʧˡ
ƮƮһ飬ʶ֡ҫһӣסǰֻǰһѾƽԼļͷϡսˣƽ죬ǰ˺İҫ
һһһһţһǳɣˮ˿ûаɬУӮüɴࡣɲһ˸еְ


 ϲ
ɽˣ֮ǰĶֻڵʯ֮䣬ʵƽƮƮҲδذܵô졣֮԰ܵô죬ԭ㡣
һӰҫǺŭ֣ҲδȫʽöԸ˸Ҫʽһ͹ˡ
ڶƮƮս˵ͱȰҫ˲ֹһǰ㣬Ͼҫ찤ǴҲǰװģȻ֪ʱôȥӦ䣬òҽ
ʱƮƮ֣ԼȻܣҰܵô죬ҫȴһЦ˵ĵˣѾˡ
ƮƮؽҧ۾ɵͭһ㣬еոٱȹ
ž
ɽеĲ豭ķ飬ˮһأȴЦ˵ۻ軨ۻ軨ôõһϷȻҰݣ
һЦѶ˶Цˣ˳뷨һ£ׯӦóҩ˰ɣַ
ʵҫԼ˻ʱɽоҫܻ㹦򡣵ҲʶΪҲһЩȭȰˡֻǽۼǺݺݵľһ¡
԰ҫոֵĹƣߵʵʵ±֮ԼĴҲضãҲѹԼʧ̬ˡ
ɽһԼеľκѹ¡ҫæ֣սȭ˵ׯСһʱΡ
Ҫ¹ɽȴææҫǰԽס˵ҫúӣͽϷնˡ
תͷƮƮѵƮƮҲ𲻷ȥúù̾磬úǰҫˣոǵ˵Ļûùӳԡ
˵ƮƮûȥ⻹׵𡣼ʹ룬ҲΣȭصǣ
ҫߣһرһ侯㻰ﴫҵţ¶ûꡣ
ҫҲصǡƮƮһǻŭ뿪ˡ
ɽ˵ҫ峿˴ΪʦʽΪͽֻǣΪʦҲһ²Ҫҫء
ҫ΢ЦŻصʦʣ֪޲ԡ
Ȼͽһ԰϶ǳƺȻҪĸġҫҲɵӣʱ򻹳ׯĻҲԵʶ̧ˡ
ɽЦŵͷʵǵõΪʦʱѾ̽ĽͨĲϣɴıһߣĶ֣ѵʮɣ
ҫɦɦͷ˵ʦΪӵľѵˣҲһҪͻƵڵĸо
˵ʲôڣ쵽ˣײˣţ㰡һ̫ˣԣһ۵ģˡɽԺе뷨ûոһֱĸоףֱӰɵˡ
~~~~~~~~
ɽĺŵİҫγչ
ʱɽȫû֮ǰһʦķ緶˷Ƶģܵҫǰָоͺ񣬺ԼٳȣܵĲƵġ
ҲɽӦô󣬰ҫŶ15갡15˾磬ֱ츳ԼĴͽҲǰ򵽵ģҲֻڶѡ
ɽҫߣϺߵţ˵ҫ񣬲Ҫܡ
ҫͷĿɽһҫ澭
ͨĸ֪ȵķ֣ҫĽʮǰһȻǶѨͨխɻȴ쳣͡ɽſΪҫûڹԾϵĴ̼ڹߣֱӷӦˡ
ӽ۰ҫһĺòϣѨͨǲϰڹġ
ɽջаҫҪ˫ۡԼһǰһС֦ɣҲ㳯Űҫ˦ȥ
֦ͬӵһ㣬Ӱҫǰɹֱֱķɳžƺʲô
ɽʵҫңոǸ֦ɵλá
ҫ˫ۻص⣬ұߵϵĵ֦ϣܹƮ19ƬҶ
ɽſһ׼ȷϵҶ˿λȷǳ硣
ɽһ·⣬о˵ãҫӽΪʦȫࡣˣȥ¼Ϊһϴ赤Ϊϴ衣
ҫȻ˫ۣһ˼ı鿴ɽͻȻо۾е㷺ᡣ֪ΪԼĳ磬ɽ̬ȽȻ෴
Ҳ֪ͬԼλׯǾԵԳСȻ˵˻Ϊ󵤾һǸ¼ҡ
¼ң֣ڽϿν˲֪˲Ϊ¼ָĵҩ֮ҩЧпڽԱеļö浤ЧǷ˼ǺҲ
¼ҵҩÿһһ¼ҩԵĲƴ󡣼ڲƣһЩϵɢ֣ΪҩϧҲҪΪ¼ҵĿ䳤ϣ֮ǿ̾Ϊֹ
˭¼׼ǲҲҪѲƤ
ϴ赤ֻ¼ҵһƷҩЧҲܼ򵥣ʹͨˣͨϴ裬ѽĻϰڹ°빦
ԹʱİҫĺǸжȥ¼󵤣ҪĴ۾ԲСֻصĹڵϣͿͷȭ˵ʦģҫضϹᣬѡ
ɽعϽǰٴνҫ˵úӣȥúϢΪʦһʢͽʽ
ҫ˵㣬Ĩȥ۽ǵỨ뿪ŰҫıӰɽ뵽עһӣԳɾͷǷ˰ɣϣΪʱδ
ɽͷҹǿգ˼ԷɻصʮǰǸ
·ϰҫе˷ܣׯԼΪͽˣͬʱҲΪɽԼĹػеһ˿ϲáô˵ֵףΪϵһУԼļƻ˵ѾʵԵһ󲽡
ҫͨ֪ԼøʲôôɣԼҪӦȥ¡
·Ͼ䳡ǰ߰˸סȥ·ˣҫЦˡΪ׵ƮƮĻȫǰˡ
ҫһ˿˿аЦ뵽Ǻ³˫Ҳʡһˣһιг𱨳ԹԹ
֮ǰƮƮصԼķ䣬еڶʼ˳ȥǱͬ⼸ʦֵҰҫ鷳
ƮƮָŰҫ˵СӣΪΪͽͿԵˡڱСУЩû𡣡
ҫ˫һڣ˫һʣ˫Ʋһԣ˵ƮƮҪ־Ϳ㣬һءһӮôʡ
ƣ˲һǶƮƮ˵ģԷǸĸ˻һ޲ȥѰҫ̻
ƮƮνҫɱȥϺС㣬͸ͷúų졣
ҫҡҡͷһ̤ҲƮƮȥֻ֮׾ʱƮƮȳ֣һĽƮƮȵң
ҫҡҡͷҷɣܵ磬еĽҫ½ǶմϡƮƮԽԽĽǰŰҫıߣÿÿᱻɱܹ
ҫ˫һУͣ٣ƮƮΪˣһϲʹȫҫؿڴȥ
ΪҫᱻͱһʱȴҫͻȻһҽɨȣֱƮƮСȡװƷ˾ǹǶϽ۵ķݡ
ƮƮҲΪǰİҫֲˡͻȻСϵĿǣ΢΢죬ǱʶĽżһ㣬һԾ
ƮƮͷһŰҫһɨ߹ԼӦ˹ȥֻ߸عĻᣬɨ߿գ˲ҽ̤ʵһŸ߱ȣݺݵĳƮƮ䡣
ʱƮƮƮڵһ㱻߷ɳ߰ףñһᱧڻС
ֳһƬѻȸ̫ܵˣڴ󲿷˶ûع񡣿ƮƮһţҪкãһգۣѾ߷ɳȥˡ
ǻع񣬷׷׽ҫҪΪλС㣬һǣҽ𣬵Ȼ˭ĲҽУҲ
ͻȻһ֣ס֡
ҫɿһ׵ͽƤЦĻصʦ֣ʱų˵ɡ仰ûΪֳˣͽӶڵϰء
˫ű˴ˣеսⰵӿ


 ʦֵͽ粨
䳡У˵ֻжԷһ΢紵ʹϵ֦ҶҡڲҶƮ䣬ԵֳոĽš
ɽϯӣòüĿԳ䣬̷Եÿ㲻ﲢƽ
ҫԺкİϾΪɽׯĴʦ֣ƽʦλʦ֮⣬˭ǹʺáһ˶ѣʲôèһ˰ˡ
ˣ˵ҪҪʦƸΪӣҴӸոձֳսҲʸΪԼʦܡ
ҫҲͬôһո׾ٰĵǰͽԵ쳣͡ǰ˿ɲȵϺзʹԼ粻ͣҲҷɾ衣ϾԼûڹûʽƾս飬ټԼƽ͵ĻȭȣӮ治
廳ƮƮȳһСѪȻոһŲûжɶ˺ҲߵѪӿټǸӣȻΰڰҫУѪŹ֣Ǳġ
ʱͬһֻ˷ĸʨŭĿԲɣָŰҫ˵ʦ֣ҺúýѵѵСӣûʽʦѾңҪʽʦԺ󻹲ˡ
ͷƮƮϸ˵СʦãѧղֲҲȷ֪֪ʦĵӣҲҪعصģ½Ҵ
ƮƮ֮ȻԹԵĵͷ֮ϣһƬ糺֮ɫİҫһ񺮣룺˼ء
Űҫ΢΢һЦ˵Ӧýҫʦ˰ɣʦձᱻʦʽΪӣʦֵģϲ
ȥǺûǴʦֵ⻰ζˡԾ˵ʹţҲҪ𱰡
ҫҲֻصлʦֵĹģԺҫв׵ĵطʦֶָ㡣
ЦŻصҲңʦ֣ز¶ҾȲѰԺʱ䣬ʦֵܺúдд裬㿴ɺá
˵һ䣬ϬĿֱưҫɢƣͬһֻѰٵԼһŰҫ
ҫԵȻԵã˿ûбӰ죬صʦ£ҫǡ
Цһɭ˵мֵСʦܣϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ҫ΢΢𣬴ЦЦıǻӦˡ屧ƮƮתȥҫҲ֮뿪һ˺ţ
䳡Աߵĸ¥֮ϣɽŰҫ뿪΢Цŵͷ֮ǰһУԾУĽƣȻȣֵϷϸĵ
һ磬ҲһӰˣֵôߵ𡣡˵ܣХɽҡͷһĵĴӲ˵ĶܣԶ
ХԼԵúܲΪȻţߣҿȻСӽǳ滹Ҫ˵ء
ֵܣɽԶΣХСֵܣСΪͬʹࡣʮǰ˽鴳ϾŹɽʱƹһؽǷţڸ˵࣬Ҳ˾Ϳôġ
ֵȴһ֮ڣӲи֣Ǳɽһͷ­ɡ
Ӵ˷űΪɽׯ
϶Զ磬ް׷Ȼ䣬òͨһ¯࣬󷨣׽ƣ仯޳ƲɵѴʥڡ
ΪɽׯڵĴϣƹׯ̷һְΪ˲ЦԸ䣬˽˭ʲôݣֻҪ˹أն࣬ϳͲνɽׯͷŹ
ХӴ󣬻òŭĿһƽ뺷֮䱼ʽʽ󿪴ϣѸ쳣󷨣һʩչͻɽֽʯǧԶͬ
Ϊׯڶϣɽׯ¥ļ໤һְƽһɷĴϸҲǲ꣬ȻɽҲҰ¥ôҪĵط
ʮķչڽϣɽׯ治˵ԶҲƵСһŶɽׯڲһЩˣж԰ҫĿ
ҫϵ¥ݶѾˣҫǰ˵Ѿͷô硣
صûаǰҫٵأ·ʲôµô
ҫ£ɽΪͽոյһһԺ˵ߣҾ֪԰ҫ֣ǸǶ֣ǸƮƮһˡ
ҫЦЦͷ˵ôǵС
˫΢Ŀҫ˵˭ƽֺģԼж˲ƵãҲǿڵϣŲƽϣűˡ
ĹĵӣҫЦŵúúãСҫ粻Ѿѵ
Ҳˡ
ҫ§סļ򣬻˵СѾͷ֮ҾׯĵˣȻ᲻һʱʦǰҲ˵ϻˡһڼӿȡ֮ͻƵʥ磬ʦּ˻һ£ʱʦ˵Ҳͬء
ڰҫļ˵ţǾԲǸʲôּҴ٣ҲŲʲôˣֻްҫһˡ
ͬʱ뵽ʱּҪԲ֪ôͱֱĺˣߡ
һЦ̧ͷǿա
ڶ峿ҫ𴲣һϴò֮ɽׯȥ
յڵҲԵ֡ұվɽӣԼƮƮվλϵĵӣЩǰżׯɽճĸˣɽм߷ֱǴԶХ
ҶСţڳˣ˵ǿɽׯеˣƽʱ˿ûô룬ׯ϶ʲôҪ
ҫ̧ͦأǵߵ룬˫ϥ¹ȭ˵˰ҫׯλ밲
ܵˣҶơ˽ûɨʱ䰡ʲôݣԴҩ˰ɡ
Űҫʱ˿ûΪô˶¶ӣɽοͷ˵ã˷Ϸټλˣһ棬ӽϷʽհҫΪŵӡ
һʯǧˣȫȻһһ۷׷ףɽüӣǲôɺͳ
ٴΰ࿴ȥλϵĵǣҲãԼϵģһһҲûֱ˵ˣһ˶ܳʲô򡣼λҲ޻˵Ϊ˼ͽҲûøԼʲô谭ֻԼʶʶ˶ѡ
ʱƳһԱߵһλ꣬ĵͷվ˵ʦ򲻿ɡҫֻһˣɽׯûκιףҲδϰ䣬ſʼҲеˣͽһ£ʦһ
˵ɽĶӣκС
κСδ򾳽磬Ҳмֹһ㣬ʤڲ׾ѧľƽһʩչҲľ߻
ҫκС˵ʦ֣ҫ֪ʦΪҪ
κСһı飬ͷǵסڣʦҲеġҪΪҵʦܣҲǲԡұһλᣬֻҪܽӵʮжܣұ㲻ʦΪͽ
ҫЦ˵λʦء
ʣļҲǵͷţͬʱ߼ϣ߳ɽȭ˵ҿ˷У֪ʦΡ
ɽüŰҫ˵ҫ˼ء
ҫɱЦ˵ʦԣֻʮУеˡ
κСЦҪˣҲСҫҿ㻹ǻȥɣһᶯȱ첲ȵĿɲҪңҪ֪֮
ҫǸΪ⣬ڱȴǷЦ˵ʦˣҵ˼С֮᲻ʦеĽҫԶ˳ɽׯӽ̤ɽׯذ벽


 жὣ巨
˻һȫȻ˵뷨ǣ˰ɡƮƮж񶾵ţͷ㣬˿ôճ
κСը˷ΣȻڱһСơĸôʵһֻҪлᣬֱӷ˶Է
ɽüʵҫȷô
ҫ΢ЦŵͷһгģɽҲȰ衣
ߵХ˵Сӣ֪šС˵书ƽƽҪ֮ڶ彣Ҳô׵ģΰҫҪˡԶǸģڻصδء
Хһ˵ɽȴд㡣ΣҫԲܳ£浽Σʱֱ̣ӳȡӮãԶסЩ֮ڡ
ߵ˶˿ѳóˡ
棬κСޱ˵СӣΪ˵Ļۡ
ҫʼ磬νĻصϣʦ˵
κСȡ±ϵ彣һɨֱҫһĿʣգ֮ʣκСĽѾˣһ׹ֱ̰ҫüģκСͺȵȽһУա
ҫӳһ˫һŵ棬һͦҽſ磬κС°ȥκСӦҲֱӵסһţֳֽһƬӰֱҫԣһзƣƱҪҫͷ­һڣкޱȡ
ߴһƷҫ˫һ͡ٿշ˫һٿ߳ţֱȡκСؿڣҪ߸һ졣κСԵþ쳣û뵽СӵķӦٶݣǰţκСҵ֧穣ˣ쳣Ǳ
˫أκСԳԲסŵںˣҫ˲κСǰԼƽκСֻʶսǰһ̡ҪٶûٶȣҪûׯڰʽɽҡͷ
ҫ΢΢һ㣬㿪ЦһһС̤κСߡҫֿסԷս˳һšָֽκСҸ벱κСطһɣ彣ϵȥ
۰ҫҽŽĳ󽫱ϿУһƽκСˡһСȭЦʦ֣ˡ
Ŀ廨صɽˣ˶ոһĻݺݵһ¡ƮƮ˫ۣС΢ţźݺݵһĭͬʱţոԼĻٿŶӲס⻹ƽԼİҫ
Ҳոն˵Ľ־һ£عж԰ҫʵһµĹơκС˦˦ֱۣƬ̱ѾָΪҫĹû߶Զɵ˺ûпȥô󡣷۰򣬿⵽ش
ʱͬһֻܵĹԴӹ彣صԼλáţʲôûѧأֻжԼĽҪѧʲôԼᱻɱ
ڴҶԼ뷨Уɽͳ񣬻˷ϷհҫΪͽô
ɽѾеŭˣϻΪһׯ֮Լĵ̧ܣ˭ܵˡڻ˲ʶ̧ٵȥԵĻƻᱻɽһƱ˰ɡ
ҫʵĿã˵ոκСɣмֵĻôֵѾҫݺݵķˡ
ֳʵʸɽĵӡ
û˷Ӧɽ˵ҫӽɽҵӣԺҪѧҿɽׯ󡣡
ҫȭĹ¿ͷصӣ̻塣
һϵеʽҫԸԳĳΪɽĵӣɽҲͽʽֻʣɽԶХҫˡ
ɽһ˵ҫ֮ǰΪʦС֣֪ԭ򡣡
ҫصʦһˣǱ
ɽЦŵͷХ˵СӣոձֵĲӶҪʼĿ࿴ˣⱾš˵գһ˦һ鼮ҫ
ҫһӣ鼮ϸĿšХüһҲ
鼮棬ӡš巨ĸ֡
巨һ֮Ϊ㡣һʯ壬֮󣬼쳣ӲשʯСڶн壬֮󣬹Ӳޣνһ壬ʱɽʱ̩ɽ
Ȼ巨Ҳ޵еģϵļؼλ˫ۣ˫ʺţȼ㣬˵ҲǻԵİ˵ġ
ҲȽϼ򵥣ǾŰ򣬴ԽأԽ죬ԽʹЧԽá
ҫϲǳⱾ巨Ҳ̫ԼˡԼʱѧڹҪֲ֮ԼĲ֮
Хȭ˵лʦ衣ХϵлӣⱾʦġ
ҫعͷɽ΢жδڣɽ˻֣˵ҫͨȴ֡Ȿ巨Ϊʦ֮ʱżȻ֮֮ɣҲסΪʦΪϴ赤󣬾Ϊϴ裬ʱԽǼͣЧԽáһҪڼӿҪΪʦһ⡣ˣ°ɡ
ҫĬһʦͽȥ
ɽ˵ܣո˼ɹ
ХصɰɣʹĴͽҲδܽӵôɡ
Զǰ겻ѵõ΢ЦӲѾڶôˣڰҫм͵ġ
ԶЦݿĶж񺮣ܣ磩ܾûôЦˣϴôЦʱѪɺӣ˲ء
ʱ֣ҫصԼСéݣ򵥳ڣڴϷŽ巨
԰ҫڵݣǲҪססéݵġׯÿһλҵӶᱻɽׯĸڣԼһС׼䡣֮ڵéϰٱֹǰҫ֣ʳĹܼҲû취
ʵҫǲмǰΪǵʦǴһ飬˵ǣ֪νټԼҲסϰˣݲԼĲݡ
ʱҫܰգϼأ巨ܼ򵥣ǰ򣬺üγһ̶ȵĿʱأһһĶԼļͣӶﵽĽ塣֮ʱֻƿƤ⣬ԽԽǿǼʤ
֮Ƽ򵥣ͬҲǰҫյԭҪ˭ɽׯڵˣϢһɢȥΪˣɳ˼Ҳȿֺ󰡡
ڰҫץһĪչ֮ʱ⴫һҫʦܣһ
ҫƿţʦ֣ơ
ǰҫΪ࿴ϵˣƣȻʦĩϵĹʵժǽܹʽԿƣѸײڶ֮ƣ˲֣ܶڹо绢ʽ磬仯Ī⡣ʣƶ߳κСһﲻֹΪĩ
òƽƽΪҺ壬ȫûΪԼҵӶڼӣ˭ֺǺǵģҫƢԵмƣƽĹ۲ҫҲǿ
ƱȭЦҫʦܣԶʦҰֽ㡣
˵꽫СֽҫҫҲֿʦˡ
ڰ֣Цͣͣ͸ֽʦܵҴ۽磬Ժʱǻдһ£˲˵ˣʦ齻ûأڡ
˵ת뿪ҫŶԷıӰͷ뵽˲ֵһֽһдţɽ̨
̨˴ҲǷ羰ˡСϪСٲһ١ٲһСʯ̨ϴӽǶ˵ԺĿԱ֮Ϊ̨
ֻǡʱİҫһĳ嶯̲ס
ӵʦ壬ҫԩ޳𣬵~~~~~~
˵꣬ܵһȺޱ㽫ҫ͵ҫ˺ѷΰĲҽлھ̨֮ϡ


 巨С밵
һºʱ֣ҫھ̨ʯ̨֮ϣҧŲ֪Ĳݱ꣬ԭԶʦⰡĿ죬Ȼ湼һİ
һҫϿǺ˯ʱ϶Ǵھ̨ЩϷͷ°ҫǱЩˣ˶أصһΣǱƱģ۲ѡ
Ҳϸҫҩ˵Ҳ֣ÿαҩ֮ϵ˺õĳĿ졣ϵڶˬǾ̺۶û¡
ҫҲûѾͷϵٲˣԼҲȥʣ˵ʱȻ˵
ҫĽ巨Ҳ˳ĽϽǼ⣬ԽļͣҲԽԽǰͬն
ں£ҫ׷ܣеͻʨӣԳߣ͸Ƶģŵúëֱҫͷ·ɽѾûҰ޸ҽӽˡ
巨Ҳ˳˵һ塣ٶȿôҲܲ찡챻߽ʣɴӥ𣬱ϻģɶζЩɲѰ߹ԼҹҪɣǰҫ罫巨ŵյˡ
ʱİҫĵĽʱҪܸԼУƾͺˡ
ȻԸʵˣٲƷ£չһ㣬ֱ˰ҫϺȵʦܣдд衣Сˣ׽£
е׽£ܲգĽӰ˰ҫе·ҫҲǴһãһ̤Ȼһڿնʯ̨ҫĽ̤֮ɢ
ƿ죬ҫ죬գ֮ԳĽӰ֮Сֱֻϣȭһȭ纵ףȭͷĦŵһ顣һȭֱܵĽӰѹ÷飬ͬʱĻƵ彣
ƻȥٶȾԱʱ죬գ۵ĹԱҫһȭɽٲ档飡һƺײʯˡ
ҫһշʯ̨֮ϣЦ˵ʦ֣ҾУܶ죬ƴ磬ڷɢˣʽһ㣬ԵͻƿܻһЩŶ
ƴٲ߳ҲԵôһ˿ǱµһҾѾĶˣ˱ˣΧûˣȻˡ
֮ĽҲһˣʱӲռŹһֿ콣ȡϷ硣ɰǰҫѾƵƾ˫˸ƽ֡ƸһȭӲס˿ԼһеĲ֮òҫĽٶȡ
ҫڽҲԽԽԼʦ֣¹䣬Ϊ˺ƣһ˵ǳֵ˽ļ졣
Լϵˮգ˿ֻʣĶϽֵɽׯıɱ֣Ҷٱ彣ˣϱʦ䡣
ҫʼ磬޹ҿ
ƿŰҫװɵ㶵ӣҲû취Цˣʦܣʦ㣬ȥɡ
ҫͷ뿪ǰϷʵˣʦ֣ϴʦ˵Ūһ彣ȥׯڵԼһѡ
䣬ҫѾܸûӰˣĿɿڴƣɵǡһ𣬾С·ɢҫС~~~~~~Ӹû~~~~~
ҫ¥ԶХɽڣ£Сˡһһ֪ʦʦҫ¡
ɽĬХȴҫһҫһС׽ƣŭ
ƷʹƸ쳣쳹ڴ֮Уҫ˫۾ȫľұۣݺݵĺһȭһȭ֮ǰƶսһȭ޷ᲢۣķѹХƷȻҲ΢һ
ȭཻ˽Χΰ˸׳졣ҫ߲ÿһڴʯһĽӡһҫҧأһֹ̤̤ס˺ĽŲ
Х֮Ҳ΢΢ҫϲ١ֻХѧĶׯѧټӸ£ռơҫȴڹ巨ҲֻСɣ߲ɼѾ˲ˡ
ɰҫԼĳɼȴе˿˷ܣԼ֣ݺݵȭ
ХصԼλϣͷ˼ɽЦ˵ҫͦڰΪʦХʦּһ¡ı֣ȻûΪʦʧ
ҫȭǫӻҪӱŬǣ֪ʦҵкηԸ
ɽ˵Ҳʲô£󣬾ׯڵĴˣʱбȥú׼ȡһõΡˣȥЪϢɡ
ҫǣ뿪¥ȥ
ɽתͷ˫һУХʵҼǵһǰҲӹһưɣ
ХüصСӣҫԶˣֱӷɳȥġֻһҲף巨Ȼ֮ڶ⹦֮УҲֻεĽ׶ΣӦ
Զӻʣʡ
ɽλֵܣԼĵ۲ͣаˬԽԽԼ۹ⶾ
¥ϣҫûعΪԼе㽾ˡԴӴӮƮƮκСƵˣоȻʼһ˿˿Դ
ýХһƣҫѡԼȻΪ֮ǰЩ΢ʤеǲ֪ߵغ񰡡
ҫ˼ʱǰһӰʶ̧ȥӣɹǣӰȻֽƬһƣŰҫֱֱۣţѣһ¡֮󣬵Ƭϡ
ҫһԭƬҶ
ŰҫЦҫ綼ӲסһУɡ
ҫҶͷ˼ţȻܰôҶɰ֮תСѾͷһɾԽĴˣҶİҵ۰Ѿס˰ɡ
ҫԽԽľûôλ̣Ȼƾְҫް֮ˡ
ͷҫҶˣèèŵߣڶԷߣһڴ~~~~~~
ǼɤеİҫԴð̣Ƭֱ顣
ҫ䣬˵ѾͷҾˣɽׯôѧص㲻ѧΪʲôֻ԰ôȤϾƫţʦҲûռżա
Уһ㲻ѧϰ֮ˣһЩƤëҲûȥ˼ϰ󲿷ΪֻС϶רעȭŵϵ
Ϊһŵʵ̫ѣûд츳ˣһ̫ĳɾ͡Ҳ˵һǴֻҪļͨ˿Գܵġ
ַԷΪ֡
һ֣޷Ҳֱֱмѭϰ֮˼ᣬҲǰϵĶֱȥǳַ
ڶ֣һ㼼ϵŵˣַɾ֮ءǧβϵĿȥϵĸоķ˫˦ʱлĴСڿҪľϸİ켣任Ķ޼Ѱǧ仯Ī⡣
ַ֣Ѿ޿ֿ磬ժҶɻԿˣշ磬ȺһһԶռϷ硣
ܻе֣ΰԷôֵģѾɥȻֻһ˵
һİ־˵جΣֻһ
ԴصҲ֪ôģ֮Ҷ԰˵ĸоͺˮΣշɣ͸ˣѽԽ˵Խң֮Ҿϲ
ҫҲһλͷתʲôʲô
ҲЩֻҪϲ֧֡
˿ȴͷС΢죬СָǰĶţϸҫ磬ûʱ䰡ȥֺòá
ҫ¶õЦݣСԴĻصȻѽ
ͬʱһЦ粢翿һ


ڰ ͻ
Źɽɽ£ɽׯɽءŰҫһйţ˵ЦҲֵڡ
նŹʣǿһҫһڰüȻ˳һߣݣԵÿǷ
һɫװͷۣɫΣǧ˿Ȼ£Ǿݣ·ӣ⼯еҪ֪ݣҪ
ǴӴ硢ò̬Լܵľٶ϶ԳƵɾ£ɲŮò
ɽׯеһļУûйҵģÿһɾһСҡһ㶼һɹϽһУе˰գũеˡ
ЩӰ˵Ĺɳרȥÿµ³ԼŽл㱨ƽΰڵͽи
ͽӲͬʵһĵȼơֱͽӣҵ࣬ɵ͵ߣܵĴְҲͬ
ͽΣƽʱҲǿһԺάһɽصΰ书ҲͳһڡԺһЩׯ߶鿴¥һѧؼʱ书ĵطׯڵԶХ̡
ҵҲׯ״ӣǺô֮ǰ߸߳һβֹȣȡԼ
Σ֮ʱȥȡһöǿǵĵҩֻһΡ¥ȡκѧؼ֮ʱвֱ֮ɽѯʡôǶ࣬ҲߣҲء
ǰŹɽһɽŰһ̽ɨƽѡһǰһ½ɳڿɽׯأշɳµӳɽ֮ʱɽׯ֮ȴԶĵƽ£˼ʱϻأɳ˻ȥ
ɳĽ־Ǳƣƽ˴ʮӵƽԿҵô⣬ôԽԽ
ԹҫŸԵüΣࡣѾһʱˣȻһмش
ҫкƣôСѾͷôôã·֪ôдƵã״̬ޱȺա
һһῴǸС崺Цݣǿİҫ̼ͻеơһЦݣԶȻ֡
ŰҫԼߵҫɵʲôأѡ
ҫعߣСѾͷһֵǮֻ·̯λѰ֮ʤھɡˮĴ۾һգգĶϵǿŵ׹׹һͨĴ񣬾Ө͸µҲżС
ҫЦ̯ѯʵǮ
̯һλ͵ϲܳİ˵ҪǮҪǮȻСϲȥǣĸǮ
õôϲһҪա
̯ЦС֪ȥǾŹɽһ̷ĿడǷŸһȺιĲǣ˰֮ߣֱǲ·ʱҽɽѹǵƷԴׯ˷֮󣬲˰գƽﻹɽΪЩ꺮ůׯ壬ͷʵ벻κɣҪׯŮǮ
ҫüɫ裬ͬʱû뵽ʦ𣨵ôԵҲôá
֮£ҲǺܲ˼ĽӹҫӲҪԼϡ
ҫԭתһȦʵÿô
ҫо飬Ҫڣȴһϡ
ҵ˭أôʶʱ񣬸ҵү·ԭɽׯҰָӦСү·ÿүҪдͣǿɳﲻ𡣡
оǲм񶾣ÿ֪˭ɽׯĶˡ
ʱ죬ֽȣ΢΢ڶţ٬Űҫͬڿֻ˿˷
ͽҲĹӣΪɽׯׯȻٲ˰ķеˡЩƽûʲôֻ֪Ҳĸо
ֻվߵȴԵΪһϯ£̷˫͸¶ݣɢһϢһ֪һ֡˫΢΢ƺܸȤ
ҧгݣҪҫȴ̧Цѽˣⲻɽׯ˯˯й䣬ֳԣµׯСĸׯ밲ˣˣׯòûа
˻һ˵ЦֵˣЦǰϡҫ죬컹ʮǧ
쿴Χ˶ڳЦԼǺ죬ͷϵҪŰҫҫΪΪͽͿˣɽׯڵһ
ҫգνһЦ˵ׯ˵ĶԣֻɽׯĹлҧˣῴһԺıȵׯԺ˯ûء
⻰˼ͺˣҰҫǹˡһôЦ֪첻ãʵ̲ס֮ЦĲûſڵϡ
쿴Χ˵ķӦŭģȫʧȥǣ˷ƵҫȥֽȺ£Űҫüĵȥ
ٶҫҲ̾Ϣҡҡͷ鸡ʦһӢϧȮӰ
ҫģֽȣֱ̧һ̤ŵڵأץסߵ죬һףƵãǡ
ǣҲְ˽ŵȥӣǽס֮ϴûҫӳʱǰɣ߸˶ʱײһĽų졣
ؿǶˣҫҲҡҡͷĽʵʧ
ʱĺ˿ûҪ챨Ĵ㣬ͷҲأԹԵߵǰΪŵЦݿ˵Сδ̷
ɵƵĿŶԷűӣ˵壬һɧζ˰ɣ鷳Զһ𡣡
ҫж񺮣СѾͷǱԼˣҲǺ顣ȴҲŭץסҫᱡ˼ӿϵˣûһԾܾġ
ҫź˵ſĹצ
ʼն˵ׯҪҰѵһ֪νô
ǱŭȵҶ٣ֱܳǣκ¶ҸǼȥҶٵæ
΢ЦãץסСɡ
˵żһ㣬ҫƮȥûƮǹŹ֣ͬҶһ㣬׽
쳯˵ȥǸѾͷץЩӣһ㿴ңҿ㣬˭ȳ֡ŮɱϾ˼ҲׯŮû˸Ρ
˵죬㻹ҪҪˣȻˣɽׯ㶪ˡ
죬ԴѾûаֵǿˣɽׯ㣬һ֪ĳҰ֣ҡҶٿ㣬ĸ֣Ҫʶ̧٣¾ǵ֪ˣҲûзһŸϡ
Ъ˹ЦһҲ˵ôվЩҲεҡҡͷȥԼֻͽѣȨƣҵү
ǻû˵ؿػȥڵһѪȳֻ˫ֻ˻Ӷѡ
ţؿϵʯӣով⽫ԼɳȥġССʯӾȻŵûһվԭءǸҲҲûȤˣͷ߹עڣҫıϡ
Ҫȥҫȴҫҡͷֹ˲ȻˣҲԣҫһضȥҪԼæܰƽĻǻ̸ʲôػԼɵվԱ߿š
ʱİҫѾսԶûеĺá


ھ û
ںƮʱҫѾˡֻǾҪַ̧ʱǰѾƮͬʱץۡ
ҫоȣצĸ֡˼ջأһҫ֪Լˣһսⲻˡ
ʵ˵ãʱʱ£ң·һһĺӰڰҫܲͣǻÿÿҫߣһץۡҺðҫĽ巨Сɣ˿Ҳ
ҲǾԼץţָϴĸоͺץʯϣ˵
ԷӦϰʲô֮ҲҪԷҲƲԼɴһһĽʳ
ҫվԭأһ֮ǰļ¹ȫգԼ˼˺ۡʱİҫ·Ѳӣ˺ѵĿӣ˵֮ͷؤ硣
ܻصźЦֻ˺ѷֱλãЦСӣڤڵڤ˿Ƶģڹ¸ҿͷӵǿԷһȫʬ
ҫȴг˼ţڤôǺǡ
Űҫ˦˦ԼѾϼŭ⣬ãǾͱˡ
ҫ˫ۣȫɣȫڳ֮ϣλӵ£˷·ɮ붨²ٳһ˿
վһԹۿһ΢΢״̬µİҫѾбʤİˡ
˿̺ѾʼеˣΧŰҫͣ·ɣԵЩΪͻȻҲҫϵκһ޴ֵĸо
ͻȻһСƺһ㣬ӳȥϵͺȵ
СĸԼĺӣһʧӣѾ֪ҪȥˡĸǰͨʹҲ㲻ˡ
飡
ʹڳ˶ʶס䡣ҫŶأڵһ㣬׷ȥ̼
һЦɭȻСӣмˡһץĴָָʳָݺݵؿҫ࣬ץѾ˺˰ҫؿϵҪҫĶ
һĻֻеƬʮڣģ̲סҪ֮ʡֻҫֱץסоյ˶ԷһЦмƵĺŶ
䣬ҫȭɱ֮ƣһȭںϡֻԼͺƳǴһ㣬ðǣתҲ
֮ҫȭͷϰһ顣
ָ䣬Ѿ֮ǰٷ磬ڵͷǰҫ󣬹Ѿһ̲൹زˡ
ҫ뻹ˣԼҲˣͷŹɡһɣתһǻߣ߷ɽһСڣǺȻһƺҽҲҪһʱ䡣
ҫţҰҫԳУ˵ŹһŹӦûŶ
ܶȻһȲʽк˰ҫһӵĸҫǰǧлҫεЦЦ֪˵ʲôá
ֻһ죬ҫĶ䣬ҫŤͷһǴǼСﴫģæɢһصĻԼĻܣĻкӰ
ҫǲ⣬֮ǰվĵطֻ֮м׵ľ룬عֻ˼ӵʱ䡣˾ߺ꣬ԼԲֲܷˡƹģԷҲʾ֮û˽ôˣȻϢ֮£ô˵Ƥ½˾ߣԼûв
Ǹ֣֮죬Ѿλ֮߿²ɽˡ
˦˦ԴƹĵǸ⳥һʧСţʧʲôֻƹգǵɽĴءǵׯܻɽׯɽ״ȥˣҫҲֻҡͷ̾Ϣʦôôһҷϡ
ôһСҲûʲô˼ٹȥˡصɽׯֻƳŶҫǰץסļͣҡȥ۵˵ҫʦܣȥʦǸĺ״˶ˡȥúýͽͣʦϲˣܻᷢء
ҫͷһŰ߷ɣ˵ˣ֪ˣȹȥɣ͵
ƨƨߵܻƵ˵вУʦǵģǱҪҹȥȻҲý
ҫεҪ·ɡҫϵ֮ǰ˺ɲˣҲû취ֻôߴһˡ·˳ȥСʵҫ磬гӣӦԵİ취һûŶ
ҫСԴ˵ͷص˵һ֪ˡ
˵ľٶֱۣж׵ţ̵ģҵͷȥﹷȥúóԳԡ
ͽʽȿй֮޲ȫˡ
Լλʦ֣λʦ壬ʦλӡ죬ƮƮǸ֮ϵɽ̣ƺҫҪû˵Ǻ߳ˡ
ҫͷϸһ˵
ɵĵͷһһ֮סľƮƮֻһηָ֣Űҫǳҫ㻹ûаҿɽׯ֮ͥŹׯֱǷˡ𱰲֣ҿɽׯ㶪ˣˣѹȥʮɽţЧȡ
һλ˶üͷֱ壬оɽҫĿɿڴðŻصƮƮԴҩʦ𻹽ء
ֳü˵סԼ죬ǿԼҪЦƮƮΪԼڸҫһʵȻеˡ
ΪΪֹׯȻɽƮƮû֮ǰһѣһ䣬ɽţЧȡȫһׯĿׯأѾλҲҪȵ˼λɣֲܻ㡣
ҲҡҡͷԼСʦʱ˵ǲԡ
ҫĻƮƮҲ˲ʶԼ˵ˣæɽ˵˲ɽׯһ
ɽһһεľ棬ƮƮƮƮŮӼҼҵ̬ɺͳξˣ¡
֮ǸƮƮһ̨£ϾԼŮƮƮҲĲûһҧ飬ͷ˿壬ҡҡͷֻܲĵԭλ
ɽŰҫٴοڵҫԭίѾ˵ˣȻҲֻһ֮ʣٰµȥ½һ顣
ҫıȭǣ֮µĽһ飬ͷβ˿ûмסԽԽľҪ廰ɽֹ̧ˣʵ޲ߣֻҫ˵ꡣ
ʵµḶ́ɽɽˣɽĹṦɽһأһʱ䶼ãҲû˻ᷢ֡
Ⱥڵҫ˵ĵҲ޼ҲǰѰҫغĽ֣΢һ¡ҫǼȭ˵ȭӰһŻҲ˵ɷɳһײ̸ǲȻ˵ɷɳʮ֣˿Цãֻ΢һ¡
ҫ˵꣬ȭ˵ʦ죬һ
ɽɨ죬ʵǺڤڵˣ
ƺûвԼϵ仯æԺ˵ǵģڤڤϵ״ӣҶǷ˾ţ֮ŽύϵġŬ˵ҶٴӦʦǰԼ䣬ҿɽׯչˡͬʱҶҲСѰ˼֮ͨãʵѵãɽׯаһҿɽׯڤڶܷ󡣡
˵һ˵ţ˿ûиоɽ䣬˵Ѿʼ仯ˡ
Ҷģ˭֪ҫ㲻֪ô̫ҲˣȻҶٶֺıͽص
飡
ɽǿֱӰĵϡ飬վǱ䣬ȡ֮ǷŭϺ죬ȾѪɫ쳣ҧгݵӣ~~~£ʱɽѾŭ첻ĶӣѾһԷ
챻Լ׵ľٶݺݵһͬʱڷΧı仯ڣ˶ɽһҧгݵĵԼƮƮҲһŵı鿴


ʮ Ҷһ
ʮǰڤڱѾֹϵһаɣڤûй̶ɽţÿһطֱѪϴصɽţѹڵһпʣÿͣһܡ֮ԻһȷѪ꣬мΣչǣмȮ
ڤµ˲࣬ˣսթ޶֮֮λڤͬʱִƣ书֮߾ףɱԲֹһһô򵥡
ڤƣޱȣ溮ɫӡ壬ÿҹʴǣֱ裬಻ԡ
еһЩɵҲ϶ˣ޶书߾ж޹ֱʮǰһֳ֣ڤϣھ˳ɵˡϣ̤벽ɳĵˣǿҲǾľòҧӦ
ʮĽ죬ȻڤϵĵΪ飬ңܽɽôܲŭ
Ȼԣɵվԭء
ɽٴŭȣ£
ƮƮ½ǣ߲ŷӦع£ȴǱ˺£ΪΪ˿ɽׯ
ҫҡͷţһˣʱ˿̾Ȼ֪еϵ
סڣӣԲ֪ڸģˣҽѺȥʮһꡣɽǽһԼôôһˣƽﲻѧɽϺаԵԼһֻ۱һֻҲ͹ȥˡ촳ȴⷬǻڲõûжϼӹ̡ܽ
ͽסҪȥ˫裬ڲʶɽѾŭŵԩԩ
ԩãҫڤڵĹʷӺúûԩɽŭ
ҫͷ˵һԽԽľйƤͽߡ
ʵЩϵľţҫ֮ǰҲֻ֪ǺΪɽҵ֮ͨ¥鼮ԼƵ֪ġ
ʱХڵ磬С֪ǳ֮µҲпԭǻȻصǰڤڵ˼Ȼҿɽׯأǿ϶ͼı˵᲻
ɽĿֹһХҲĵͷ
ɽڵеӣ˵ڵɽ
еӰҫǱȭͷǣ׷ȥ
ƮƮڣﰲȫɽ˵ҲԸˣӺٴ
ҫߣĵҫ磬Сġ
ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷӣ˵СѾͷúڣʦʦǻᱣġ
ɵĵͷ
ɽЦҡҡͷһ˶˵ҫεɦɦͷҲһʦ뿪ˡ
ʱɽׯ䳡ϡׯеĵͽѾ룬ǧ֮࣬Ϊ˸ƬŹɽе̺ʽ
ҹ̨һʯ̨֮ϣ΢ЦĿһ¡һϯɫ䳤ۣθüĿԲ߱ǣ̷һϲ
Ǻˣҫվ걳Сٲʵ
ڤڣҶġ
Ҷʲôϵ
ҵĵܵܡ
Ϊʲôӣ
ߣסġ
˵ҶҫĿԣܵ߳κСƽơҲӰҫ߳
ҫҶģҲЦеĿŰҫϲֵ޺кˣҶľ򵥡ΪҶĸ˵ĸоͺ˶뵽Ƭ֮У˸оڵϢ
ҶĿڵʵڵ㡣
ҫһ⣬ʵΪΣ
ҵܼܵɲзϣ˵ΪΡҶ˫һУеɱһţϸǱһϢɱ
һֻ֮κСαãӰֱҶĶȥʲôڤڵӣ
Ҷһӣһ֮ľȻֱκС⿴ƲһСӰʧκСоȣԷȻɵԼвƼաһҧһ䣬ѵҶĸǰ״ȫһߣʮɹȵ䷲
ŵɢֱҶĶȥȻʵ壬ʯ̨ΧˮǱķϢƽһʽԵΪ
ʽϧô˷鸡ͶʵҶҡͷ۵漴һȻκСǰһӡκСؿڣֻգ֮䣬κСˡ
С飡һ죬κСײһžϻ䵽棬֪ǰ棬翪һСһ㣬ľ۶ߡ
һ֣κСʧȥսüͷֱ壬ǾȵĲκСɵʱԼ۾ϣҲҶĵǿƮƮһȴ˾˵ǾȵǸոҶĵһ
ʱҶκС֮ľʮңҶȴһˡ˵۾ֻҶĵĲӰԭأκСǰмһζģӰ񣬴һƾȻֵɻӰغϣ·ǲӰ˻˸оǹ졣
Ҷ֣ǵͷ˼ҶĴЦǸ˼ôǲ֣ҾͲ
ҶһǹٴʩչһƬĲӰ˲ϢǰҶ֮ǰһƺκСǰ㣬һƳ
һ룺ҵκСķôͬһƴһӴȥڰҫǰ˫Ķڵ棬㻮˳ʮײͣ£ϸǳĻۡ
ҫҶǰʱѾ߸ٿһŲߣȺݺݵĳԴȥȷһ΢磬Ҷε·ɡ
Ҷӳ΢΢һɵĶһţҫ״ҽأαԷֻһֱţжԷࡣɽϴĸоȴţ뺣ָоðҫܲͺ޻һ㡣
Ӧͦ죬ǾȷһȰɡҶɴϲЦ˵
ֻҫȷǰһͣӳˮǰȥزʮ֡ڰҫո˿ǰ󲻹һ룬Ҷı
ժǽ½ԣƣϴƣ
̽϶£ʽǵأܣҶ
ƽ·˫ֱ߱ţƷư磬ϵǡôҪ˻Ҷġ
Ҷ޶ԣۿ˵ʽҪʱֻȻżԭת˵ʽ䡣ƵĽŲƵķֺʣƽ˫ƸǱξʧ
ڶǱʱҶͣתۿҪ˲ȡʱҫȭǰ߱صĺȥһȭҫѾȫȭɽ鱬һʰɽȴֻǴвӰ
ߵһģӰҫ԰ãҶĵӡĺ󱳡һƴİҫڵһǰȥƶ˸æǰס϶˹ȴ˳߰ס
¾Žƽʽ
ڻعֽɱ磬һǰ󷨣ϣþòɢ
ȻûκãеĻǲӰ̼ҶԻصʯ̨֮ϡ
˶׹Īʵ޲ߡ
ҶĴЦ֣ȻŴα͵Ϯʵĸְ
ҧгݣһغϣǿ˵ܡ
Сӣҵڤҵܱܵȣ˭ǿ˭ҶЦеŰҫ
ҫȻʩչĶڤȴȻͬҶڤʤڿƮݣҲмѭҶĵģȴǳ޼ѰӲҪȽϵĻҶĵҶ߳һﲻֹ
ȻҲǱˡ
˽ͬʱ˾·õһͬʱ֣ʹԼɱгҶĹȥֵҲԵƷǷҶǴЦһ޵ãеãҲ˽ˡ
ֻٿշ˫չһڤƣɢ
ͣΣ̧ͷһɫӰ籩һк£īӰɢẒֶ́ȥƣŵͨƨ
䱸ҧأһ˿иɾڴʱϵӰʧˣʧĻҶĵӰ
תׯ֮´ɺϣڤڶԿɽׯûаֿ֮⡣СӣֵĻԣֻϵĹ򻹵öҶĵЦصա
ҫ֮ǰƱȳһѪ˫ȭ߬š֪ԼˣܵúѿһһҶģ޻֮


ʮһ ѵĳɹ
˴˵κСصׯڣÿ˵ﶼܲζҶĵʵһֻ޴ޱȵƺݺݵǵģǰèϷһ㽫Ūڹ֮У⻹Ҷĵȫʵ
ԴǳΪԼѾ˲ˡΪԼʵʹҲܻˮ𣬶ҶĽ͸һΣҪ̫ˡ
¥ƮƮѾطκСԶȥ֮˶ǵͷ˵忪ڽµԭί˵һ飬ٴεͷĬ
ʵ£˵Ҳδǻ¡ҪΪԼѧһУͿ޷ˣ֪졣ǵ۽粻ӦֹڿɽׯҪɽҲ֪Լ˵ҲΪǺá
ХҲԮˣҲѵˡҶҲʲôƲ磬綼֮£⼸ֻܵ˻Ѿܲˡҿ¾˰ɣҲǣҪһ۸붥ˣһȥú÷ʡһ¡
˵ͷ漴ȥֻʣ°ҫվԭء
ɽʵҫʲôô
ҫȭʵӣ֪һЩҶĵ£ʦ֪
ɽͷЦҶĵҪХʦˡ¥£ϵһЩ紵ݶСϢû֪ģʵİ
ХҲЦ磬ںǰͱЦСӣܸҶģҲҪҶϰ䣬ʮ򳬷֮ʮ곬֮Բͬʱʥ֮ʮʥ֮Բʮ꽫ʥںϡѾ̤ʥ֮ˣ࣬ĹҲ⼸ͷ¡
Хһ˵ҶĿ˵ڤڣ겻ľšڵѧ伮ĿøڤϵһصֻСӵΪ˵ΪŹ֡
ҫʵôŹ֣
Хһ˵Саˣɽϴû㻵£ǰ㣬򱧲ƽΪ˹䣬һЩаˣǲм֮Ϊ飬ʵ˲⣿
ʱԶڣɽеʵСΡ
ԶĿޱĻصڤƣһӾͺá
ɽ˵ͷҲһȻеѽ𣬰ҫ뿪ˡ
ɽׯ¥¥ҫ˼ţҶаˣȴ£ǹ֡ʵǲ൱ǱϷˣˣǰɵӿ»ûȫɡ
ҫ磬˯ҫ߸¡
ҫεҡҡͷ֮ǰĶսһοҫ磬ûµģʤ˱ҳ£´Ӯ
ҫҡͷЦСѾͷˣû¡ʧܣ˵ֻò򵽣ԼԲˡ쿪ʼһҪӿ̿
׵İܲûиҫκθĺʤģҲͻˡŰҫݵףвûΪʧܶһ겻еֻǲʧܵĶ־֪ҫ㷴ӦԼһٻ᲻أж׵š
Ҫҫ磬ҵİѾ巨Ҳ֪ñ˴㣬᲻ãԶְɡͬʱ㿴ôΪϵĿ⿴Űҫ˵
Ŀ⿴İҫëֱţȷҵӣİµҵֻǽڰɡ
ˣմճ湥£ҫֻͶӦҪ
ڶ죬ɽУеҰ޿ɽֻˣһ̵ܸûӰ֮ǰҫ۸۸̫˰ɡ
ҫվǰ߰״˵СѾͷְɣǵȫŶ
Դе㲻˼˵ҫ磬ȷ𣿡
ҫЦŵͷȷĺܣɡҫҲʲô̬˺ܷɣţ͵СѾͷɣһٴߣԼһطֻ֪Ƭ֮ΪԼӣѪһĴۡ
ݣ
һӣһת·߼ʯӳŰҫȥʯӳʽƣգ۵Ĺ򶼲Ѿɵҫǰٶ֮š
ҫæ̧֣˫۽棬յĵסöʯӣöʯӸԻһֱۡʯӵĴðҫĲͣ£֮ڵϡ
ҫԼ˫ϵİۣ˶ˡȷʯӣǹǴʲôġ
ŰҫԼʯӣĵĹƵҫǼ
һ仰İҫèβһ㣬һ飬ֹ̧ȵȣСѾͷǸǻѭ򽥽һһӡҪ̤ʵأܼ갡һ㣬һ㰡
꣡
ŰҫǲȻɫǱոյһŵˡһЦ֮һ˵ҫ磬ô
ҫȻѣǰԼĿʲôһѵԺҪپһôǣ
ҫڵСѾͷǼ
΢Цĵ˵ͷҪ֣һԴϡ
Ʒ·һ㣬߳εЦһЦ˵Ǹǵѵһɡ
һЦ˵ͷ
º󣬿ɽׯɽС
䣡
һֱԼ˺ϱĴӦ
վڶǰ۾Ľ䱸šͻȻഫһƷʯ㳯
żһ㣬ȥ˫Ƥ˦һ㣬һƬĲӰʯӾ¡ҲͻأĳһСŮ
˼ͣСŮĬ˫ʮʯӾȻԴӲͬķ깥ȥʯӵĽǶ쳣꣬ÿһŵķ򶼲һֱ֫ɡ˫硢ءʺüġ
겢ûоţһұ˲̧һ޵Ĵ󹭣ȭ˳ƶ
飡
һȭըҩըһ㾪춯ءɵȭ磬һ㳯СŮȥʮʯӣ·ɣ֪ȥ
СŮһһȭ֮ƣԱߵһ֦ϡ
껹δع֮ʱһ
ժǽǷɣ
ǰһ׹ӹһźһӳȥ
̽Ľ֣Ʋ죬ȴ޷ܵĸо˵ɣӾû˸ϵĽࡣ
ۿһҪʱ΢΢һ̡ӳһƫ̧һתָס˳һ̽оƣôԼϵ彣ƺѾԼˣƸǱһͿ
Žһתֱ۳乭֮ƣͺ̽Ҽ򣬶Էֱӱɳ֮߰ԶϵСŮѵãٿͷ
ֻһӣһöʯԷǡ
öССʯӣʵ̫ˣգ۵ʱ䶼ѾԷͷһִĶ˵ɵ顣
Ȼܣֱ̧ͷʯӻжͷʯӷ飬ͷֻµǳۡ
СŮƮأĹĵ˵ҫ磬Ǵɵ𣬾Ȼͷȥӣ巨ɣȻеˡ
ɵЦⲻûСѾͷİַԽԽˣʦֵĽҲǿķǳҶûȥء
̽صߣСţ㲻ȥôɳȥġ
˱ƣҫ
˳˯Էʣµʱ䶼ڿжȹĶУÿ춼СȡõĳɹҲ㣬ľǰҫ巨ɣǰѾ˽塣ǰȣʵž˵Ľ
İҲðҫ̾ΪֹѾͷڰ츳Ĳһĸߡ
ǵõƸҫһİǲΪȻһֺŵòûʺ
˵֮ƽС˿Ҳ֪츳ֶǲǿӱȽϵģԼ»ƶѪ
˻صׯڣƸȥֻʣɽׯй䡣ʱɽĵǰ˵ҫʦܣС㣬պ⡣ʦСȥһˡ˵ּҵλүˣҪСһ档
ͬʱüͷһ塣


ʮ ּү״
˵ӣҲεҡҡͷ뿪ʵҫ֮ϵɽׯ¼˶֪ˡ
˶˵Ĺϵ֮Ա֮⣬󲿷ֵ˻ǺܿһԵġȥΪб𣬿һҫԴӳΪɽĵ֮ݿ˵ˮǴߣΪȥϵԭ˲һôԭѾκεԼ
ûǸּҵĻɽӦһģֻûּңɽׯǲ
ҫץסС֣·¶ʲôģ˵СѾͷɴ˻ᣬʦּ̯ưɡ
ȴǹһЦصҫ磬ң㲻Ҫ֣Լܽġ
ҫüôʦĻѾųȥˣ˻һ£ּҿ϶Ӧʹǿ˻飬Ҳ⵽ԷԵĴǡ
ּûˡ̧ͷŰҫеĺһš
ҫɴ˫ۣһ˼ı飬ʵո˵ʲô
ο֮Ҿˣô߶һȥɣ˳Ҳּүǹ
ʱҫԺλصǾ仰˼ţּûˣҲ˵ּҵšǣô˭Ϣּš
ҫ˦˦ԴŻǲҪ˼룬Ȱǰ´ɾɣոյĻҲֻһϷԡ
ɽĸһλš˾ּҴүֺꡣߵģλ˵ҪȢּҶү
ּ֮ǰ˵Ϊ֮һʿʵ٣򾳽ľʮλּ֮࣬Ҽߣѵʥڡ֮һּңڵس֮ͥ⣬ҲƵֻ졣
ֺּ꣬εַĴӡΪͷ˼ܣ书ȴʤµˮ©ĵַϲּҵһһ˴㡣
ַĶӡ͵ĶԸƽҲаŮ޶Ⱦй֮޲
˶ڣֺɽеţ̸ֹд֮緶ͲĿˣû࣬һɵģֱֺü
ɽλ٣ʵҿɽׯ԰
ׯˣֵܶҲֻ·ǰС㡣ԴϴһҶܶСׯССƬ̣ýҶܵ˼֮డֺҲǱȭĻص̸ֹԴ֮硣
ɽЦŻصӿˣȥѾͷˣӦúܿ͵λЪϢƬ̡
ͷ˵ͷҪȵʲôʱҼδӶô鷳ô㲻ǹİɣڻ鲻ɡ
ֺ״̺ǳܣ˼ҵĵطô㲻֪ׯǸ
УҲ䡣ܲмƲɽһۣŤһԡ
㡣ֺһ۸Ҫٴѵ⣬ɽæԭ˵ϢŭҲֱڿѣطϡ
ֺҲһΣ˵ׯȣֺڴлˡ
ʶ࣬磬лʲôл˵ôˣҸּҷɡٴβ廰
ֺеסˣ߸˵ʵ㣬Ͼ˼ҵĵ̣οһׯ֮εĿڳԣѵ˼ұЦּҶһȺ֪çɡ
ԼˣҲֻͷˡɽǹǸЦֵĺνʵвȻҪּҵүϷͺúųˡ
ʱҫ
һţֱƨƨߵܵǰһ˿Ц˵С㣬ǵôѽһ֮Եʵһǣƣ跹˼ãǺúɡ
˵ץȥǺＱģ֪Ϊ˼У֪˻ΪҪǿŮء
ֻûѾҫĴס󣬰ҫǺˣȻҶС񡣡
ǺˣҶҿǸּҵĶүĹצŪ˱ү·Բ˶ߡ˵ϵԽԽأҪҧӲͦţƶҪгˡ
Ҳ˭ҶСҰҫϢٲȻһģɽ͵Цҫ磨ҫɵĺãúýѵ档
Ŷ˽ֺ֣Ҫֽѵҫȴǰ̧¡
ֺɽȭ˵֪ׯǺ⡣
ɽǺˣϳɾƬ̱ѼҲǱȭЦӺյһӣƽ︺𱣻ȫսɽŲãûʲô棬Ѷӵɴˣҫ֣Ū˶ӿô㡣
ֺҲԣϾׯŮиҲԼܵǸＱģ˵ǲɻΪԼѾһưķˣҫֻסѾˡ
ҫɽе˼Եƫ̻ԼҲȥͷǣ漴վһԡ
ɽǰ˵ҲʶԼͻˡֻǣҪռһˣŰҫݺݵ˵Сӣҵţٵ㱾ʰ㡣
ʱںȵİɣǲ޸ģˡƾҲʸΪҵķĴΡ
ĸ֮ý֮ԣүĻ£ѳʵԼҵ˵ġɽŭȵ
չջЦĻ㿴ҲҪǸɽׯһǲĶ֣ʵǰ
ֺҲ˵ãּҲƴڸĴ塣ȻóҲʵ⣬ֺαִءպּҶԿɽׯԼӰɻڴָտɴ
һһͣе˼ӷ㣬ʶô
סڣû˵ķݡŶ˱ȵȻָɽһƬ䣬˵Ͳҵĸף⼸֮ķϲŽһҪûʸ񡣡
˻һڳе˶ˣɽֱˡ⻹ԼŮô㲻ףҲѽѵԼƵ̫ˡ
ҫҲһ룺СѾͷôˣɲƽ˵ĻȻʦ𶼶ˡ
ȴҷӦŤͷߣͬʱ԰ҫ˵ҫ磬ߣǡ
ҫ˿ɽ߻˻֣ʾ뿪ҫͷ˳ȥ
ɽֵּܵı鲻̫ÿҪǰͣ㲻˵ĻᣬһЦ˵ãõĺܡͷҲѾͷǳԴҩʧķ衣ּ֮ҪˣǲҲøּңԼúõ
˵´뿪ֺҲׯ֮£Ҳٶ˵ʲôˣֻ˵һ仰ǧҪʶٰ̧
ֺ˫۽ɽоζǳŨɽҲǸϽǰȭ˵ϢŭϷ̲ܽϣСŮ˷֮öӭȢǣ£Ϸ
ֺ˵ͷҲ֮뿪ߺɽ̾һϣڽ־ԵúΡ
ҫ׷˾ôһǰһţͷҲص˵ҫ磬ҽˣȥЪϢˡ
˵ԹԵ뿪ˣҫҡҡͷкܶʣ֪Ҳǰʣˣܻˮʯġ
ҹɽ鷿飬ŽɽͷҲ̧˵ΪƤּ֪ҡ
ɽ㿴ʲôϵͬʱͳһɫƣƾӨ͸ѩ״һó鷿¶ȼ½Ƭһ㡣ɽƣͫ׼Сľ֮ɫ
ʱ΢ЦĴ뿪鷿͵ɽһ˵ţԣҵȷûǸʸûʸ񰡡
صԼķ䣬óһֻŸ룬ֽдһ仰ŸĽϣӴڴŷɡһк󣬸ǿģ¥ȥ
ֽдţּңš


ʮ ͻ
¥ȥʱ˿̵쳣ĺãΪ˶ãеⶼӭж⣬ҲûκӰ쵽Ͱҫһ
ۿžҪ¥ʱȴְҫʵҫ磬ôô磬ô
ҫҲһ㶣΢Ц˵ҿƺ̫Ծȥ㡣
һ仰кǸжҫû״ʱ޿̵ĹԼ԰ҫĸһ
Ť˵ҫ磬ĶԲʵкܶ鲻ҿֻǡ
ûµģСѾͷһҵġʱһеĴ𰸲ĻгͷŶҫ΢ЦŴϵ
Ժ󣬿ĵĵ˵ͷҫˡ
˵Űҫ¥ȥ
ͬһҹͬĵطһŰɫߵӽӹԱߵݹŸ룬ȡŸϵֽһ˵ͷ߰ŵһӣͬҲǴŰɫߣ˵ĳࡣ
ɫӷԸĸˣֽдȥ죬֮ڣҲٿּڡ
ͳӦһˡŵӣȭǣĽӹֽԾʧںҹСеһ仰ֱһ̡
峿ҫֽԼͬܵһз紵ݶܺĸоΡšζб쳣
ּ䣬ҫһʯ̧סʯ棬һֱȭȻ
飡
һ죬һѷգۼ䲼ʯ棬ȭһʮİۡ
ҫͷԼֱ֣ϲûΪոյһȭһ˿˺ۡͷһѽţǿڡô£˯һѣͰԼ˯У˺ܲȥʦɡ
ع˼ҫ¥ȥսžͼɽԼλ̸ֵʲô⣬ãƽһ˭ԷǷǮƵԶҲ¶΢ЦСš
ҫ˵ҫλʦ壬ʦ밲ʦ𣬵ӽо죬Ƿѽ⣬ʦҲ鿴һ¡
ɽһҫǰͬʱԶХҲΧڰҫߣһΪϵЦݣЦİҫֱë˲ԼʦʦĻ´ʱİҫһƺǸǹá
ɽüЦ˵ҫΪʦ
ҫ£ɽߣһǲĹɽȵĵ˫ۣʵҫʲôʱоԼı仯ģ
ҫɦɦͷصڽ𴲵ʱ򡣡
ɽ֣̾ϢһҡҡͷɽĬҫɶĺͷԡ
ԼֵܣԷҲһѽ⣬ɽ˵ܣܣԼȥɡ
˵ͷҫߣͬʱһ˿Ƭ̣ХȵСӣͻˣ
ͻôҳ˸оԼˣбһ㣬֮ûʲô仯
ҫص
ΪûڹԳÿͻһںԴǿܣֱӷˡһľԲб޵ķŴҲǺ顣ڵĽʣͬڵκ˶Ķ֡Ϊǵһ꣬ҲͱͨǿһˣȴȻս˯ͻƣСҲȤɽ͵
ҫͷʾףҲʲô߰ģ֮һ仰Լֱǿ˾ǡ
ֻһҺܲףûڹҲܸ򵽾ô
ɽ˼Ƭ̣ٴοڣҫ⡣ΪʦʱȲϴ赤ˣΪĽͨϵĸĺôֱֵ˵ϣһ󵨵뷨׳ʥںϣǿޣʹϴ赤ܻ벻Чء
˵꣬ɽ˴鷿óһСУ򿪺ֳһŵ裬ɫҲкβ
ɽŵ˵ȻҫҲԲòȡҵھͷãΪʦٴ󷨡ôѡΪʦ֧㡣
ҫɽеĵҩޱȵĸжôһССĵҩ϶۲ơ
¼ҵҩɲôġ
ȭӽʦһʦţ޸Ҳӡ
ɽοĵͷ̾Լһõӣ츳Զ֮ѡΪԼΪϴ赤Ĵֵۣá
󲮣Ů밲ˡݺɤ֮Ʈ
ǳɽʹ˸ɫҲ΢΢ͷקŰҫҫ磬˵ãϴȥô
ɽüЦ˵ȥɣú棬ҫ
һľ棬ҫߡ·ϣô벻ʦôˣŹŹֵֹġһЦӣ֮ȻûзԼһȥ棬ѵּô
Դ罬һͷԲȥ룬ˮڣ˸˽ˡ
֮ļ죬ҫ˵ǳʵ˼㣬ȥ¥ĸţȥеʽϸһǡ
ʱţׯڴѲԶˡ
ҹϼլۡҹѲߵ̸ţι֪ô˵ӿ˺ɽׯҵС㣬ҪȢ
һ漴صУ˹ʺˣһɵС㣬ּܱҶүңĸ
ȻСɣ˵ǿɽׯС㳤ÿǹɫ㰡үϵãҹ죬ܻһأٺ١Ц˵š
˻~~~~~~
䣬ͷ­Ը߸߷ѪȪһӿһأ˵ɱ֮ǰЦݡ
ѪҹԵôޡ
ԶΧǽϣһ˽ӻԼıСг״пһ棬ڻһձովα˲俳Դֻ˵Умûзһ˿춯
һϯҹ£ϴһɫߣߵüĴ˸һöѩ״ͼƣ³۾֮Ĳλʵʵеɱ⼫Ϊ
ֻ΢΢̧֣ǰһӣܳʮͬ׷׷ǽɢּҵĸҪݣ͵͵Ǳжȥ̼ʧںҹС
ּңעѪɺӡ
ȺˣԵѵأǽԾСÿһݣһܣԻ㣬ȽڵԵ֮䡣ҹеոּ˵
һʱ䣬ּҾ֮һĵͽ˯УɥȺ֣֮Ĳס
һӰҹȩ́ͷһˡֻݶӰɣ˰д̿͡ͱһö䴩ͷ­Ĳ
ֻǣһɤӣ˸ۡڵĴ󲿷ˣּҼַ
ַȻۣһͦ𣬴ҴææĴ⡣ֺҲΪϵַס˻ʹʮӢӣԴȥ
һ·ǰĲҽͺɱԽԽַһ˿ۡԺǰǰһɵˡ
ԺмվһɫۣñסԴϴŰɫߵӣߵüĴͬһöǱ״ͼơǱ񿴵ַһ飬ܵʮҹ£ɫߵ£ڲͣ¾ּҵĻˡ
Щ˸ֲÿ˵ıͬһӦԵķǳɡ˫ʵ˵һϡ
ַѣߵֺȵ֪ͨɣٹԮȥ鷿ãҪ
ֺһţ鷿ȥ֪Լ΢ĩ书𲻵á
£ǺõȻҹϮּң浱ּĲɡǣҼ壬ϣмǸ˽ҡ
ַɫĺȵΪҲԲ׼ԷʵӦǸ֣жߣҪ֪֮ˡַĵмغ˵ӿȥ
ҡҡͷҽһ棬ַƮȥַҲһӭϡ
飡
ַ类ֱڵ䴩һǽڣŵ棬ǻгʮײͣ¡ַ΢΢һ£ְ͵ؿȳһѪؿһ˪ǣֵĿǰĺˡԼȻһжӲסֱӺˣҲڿһһ㣬עԼ
Ƭ̣źеۼ󣬼嵥ϥ¹ûһ˿ԼҲѺԼǰԮֳٳδ
ַңּ֪ˡ


ʮ ׯڴӱ
峿ɽׯ¥ҫбǽϣϷһе˾Ʒšǿ쵽ĩˣÿ峿¥ǰҫؾ֮ء
ڵ˵ͨڹѾ֮ǰôҪˡϴ赤ԼʦǷţҲܲˡҲɽĽȤȻԼǾͷһ԰ɡ
֮ǰҪȸԼΣʽѧϣһЩ߽ĹأǷȱ֪ʶ¥õѡ
¥ܹ㣬һ㣬һЩϽڷڽʱҪÿܶһ滻
ڶ㣬ĶһЩ书ʽǾХѡģÿһʽԼľ֮
㣬ŵĶڹķ˵¥ҪĵطƽﶼХɽׯеĵͳһţֻҪվ￴꣬ʲô˶Դ¥
ϢϢҫʦڲڣһĺϢҪ㡣ƸһžͳɤӺš
µĳɺͳʲôطôХ绢ХɽְĺŵһӣεЦЦվԭزٳ
ҫҲЦҡҡͷϵؼ˻ȥ¥С˵˵㲻ҪвУʦ黹СȻ͵ƨɿɣ˵ɣʲô¡
Ҵׯ»һ·һЩϢ˵Ǽϲ£벻֪һ㲻ҵôҾͲǷģҫָؽڣһ£󲻵ò֮£渵
ּûˣǰ⵽һȺĺšֺ촦ַ͸͸ģһ֮ǰּŵɣҲǱȫձ࣬Ѿûиּˡ˵ǲһĺ°˵
ҫüʵ֪˭ɵô
ҡͷصҶ෽Ĵ˵Ⱥ˶ŰɫߣࡣҸֲּʱûŹȥͱšˣ˭ģּƽҲв٣ʲô˵һЩصǿ֮֮֡ûк֮ǣҵСѾͷҲճɾ
ҫͷ˼ţô̵ʱּңôȺ˾ͷСʵǿϾַʥɲһ衣
ʱҴҵܽץסҫĴ֣ɷ˵ȥŪöĪ
ƻ֮ʣ
ʧôȿ쿪ʼ
һ䣬۵Ľţ׷ȥ
ˣʲôӣɽׯׯڴѽ
ɽׯ䳡ʱѾΪмĸֱʮ׵̨ÿ̨֮϶ڼҵıƴš
ĵ˵ҫ磬쿴
ҫʵСѾͷּ֪ұô
ͷ˵֪ѽˡŰĸԣ϶ﲻˣָĸѰءһҪлл˼أԺûֹһٺ١
ҫЦŵͷҲ׷ʣȴĻŰɣѰĳңʵʱѪϴּң£϶СѾͷѲ˸ϵ
ɽׯׯڴȣÿĩһΡΪ˼µһɹԼ۲Ƿ©Ŀ֮ġ
Ȳûʲôλ˳ֻҪԼʵľͿֱ̨ûͽӡҵ֣֮κ˶̨ԡ
̨̨֮κ˶Ȩսֱһߵֻ̨ߵ̨ûսΪֹ
֮ʱʣµٽսʤ˿ɽһɽҲȫԷ
䳡ǰĸ¥ϣŰҫ˸ϵɽ΢΢һЦţҫһҪҿɽׯ
ɽΪʲôô룬Ϊߣ˺üɵĳšֱ챤ɽׯɳšԼ¼ںҩЩģЩЦġ
ʱڰҫ̨ϽʤԶĵƽƽƣ֮ǰսҶĵʱйֱ۵ӡʽƾءʤĳоԼʦ
ҫ߿ЦҫʦܣһҪų濩
仰һ̨ϵУüΪ֮һ塣
ҫεҡҡͷֹԼ¿ҲԣûʲôĻôׯڴ޷ҲԼʦλʦĵ֮以Ͼˡ
ƽҲǽŰҫУԼһֻаҫԼĶ֡
ҫʯ̨ϣƽһȭʦ֣ҫڴֽС
ҲǱȭޱĻһ֡
ҫа룺Զʦ̳ĵӣ̱Ѿء
ƽ߸ҫͷ֮ϣһᣬͺһƣ師ֳֻƵһΪ壬Ƶ̩ͬɽѹֱ֮ȡҫ
ҫҲûбŵѰҫͷֱһеʵ
ֻȱֱͬһζڵ棬̧ƽƵ۵糸߳ţӰ紸һЩԲͽֻǿһƬӰˣȫּ١
ȣƽƵȫֵϴʹУȾ֮СƽҪٳ֮ʱҫᡣ
䣡
ҫջأݺһ壬ǿеƽֱȥ
춯ص䳡Ͼ˳ɵ˶Ťͷҫߡըҩըͺһûһ̨࣬ǳһİӡ
ֻһգ۵ĹҫѾƽǰұ΢˳ƺʵʵĺںߵĸƽһȭɵߵϣ󱻰ҫסȡ
ƽͿһѪŰҫ΢΢һЦˣлʦ顣
ҫĳƽǳĵģҲ΢ЦĻصʦֹˣҫˡ
ֳͻȻкİҫҲи̾ʱԼһ˺ȥˣȴѾΪ󲿷ӵĿ꣬ʵ겻ѡ
ƽһͽ̨֮󣬰ҫս֮ʤ
ֱХĵɣһȭɳ̨ԶһһǻɨߣֱΡǸٴսĶʦκСǲҫ˫ȷ·նκСҿֱӰѺߵ볡õˣҪȥϺüˡ
󣬰ҫµ̨ϢȥˣΪߵ̨Ѿû˸սˣϻҲɵӣ֪ԼǶ֣ȥƤ
ʵ˶Ǳ첻ֻǶϰҫǾ˵ٶȣν书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ơϾҪ˵ҫǿֲĽֲǰǺÿġ
˵ʽҫѹ죬ʽϵȻأҫɲǰ׿ģ¥оųɵѧʽѾˡ
¥֮ϣɽüɫ裬ҫı־ԳƵǳ͡
ʱĴϿЦׯɽׯĵӵҲǸſֲ
԰ɣոǸûѶ߳ɲзϵС˭ٶȿ죬ǿӦݣƣǸ֮ġɽׯׯϹŤͷɽʵ
ŴҶ԰ҫһºɽҲϲüңӣϷǰյһӣøλЦˡ
Ȼֺǡô˽ʱ꣬ԳȣȷһŮ˵¼ںҩ硣
УҿҲСе˰ɡ챤ԪЦ
ҲǲգͷҲصŶڻҵ۹⿩ô~~
ҧļأóһεľ档ԪεЦҲǱ첻ˡϻССɣĸҵ¼Ұ
ʱ֣䳡ĸ̨ϣѾûȥսˡֱǰҫ塢һλӰ졣
Ʒ·õһ㣬ֱҫԶ䡣̨ܵͽ̨֮󣬰ҫͬʱֻ̨ʣǶˡ
忴ŰҫЦ˵ҫʦܣղгʦеˡ
ҫɦɦͷҲƤЦĻصðɣ֪ʦֳ˶ء
ҫʦܲҪΪӮ˼ͿڴʦǰſˣҪ֪ǳüص
ʦˣһ濴ʦֵǳءҫôĶ࣬ŭĿӣҫҲʾĽŶԷ
˵ĿӴ໥֮ĵ⣬ˡ


ʮ ɱ
ѽĻ谵ͽ̨ĽǵĻѣ˾ôվ̨һעŶԷ
һǲĹ򣬶˭ûȳ֣ôվ˫ڹ۲˴˵ֻҲ֪ôȥˣȻûǾԼȥƶԷ
Ƕ໥ƶ˴ֻ֮һҵľʱٴͣ¡
ֳֽĴָһʣסһҫĲȥ
ҫһͣһ漴ұһǹȭ̫Ѩȥ
һս֣һϣѸһɨһƬĽӰɨҫšҫջȭһͣȥ
տʼһֻ̽ԵУΪֻԼξʧѡҫа룺ΪԼĿĴﵽôǿδذ
ؿ壬ǵˣһֱ壬磬һǰŰҫʺȥѰҫķӦٶǾԲóѵģƳףԷȥ岻ûжܣصһЦ
ֻһת£һȡҫһƫһᣬһʮȵתսٴ֮ǰǰɨҫĲһɲ֮ǰǰˣ졢ݡ׼Ϊһ壬ɽ鱬Ǹ£һж¾ŽġؽʽҪȡҫ׼
ҫʦܣСģ̲סȴһ΢Ц·˿԰ҫվκεĵģΪ֪ϵˡ
Ķ棬Ҳ̨һߣͽΧһȦΧͽ棬ƮƮһվм䡣̨һСؽʽƮƮкǵ⣬񶾵ţߣôʦУҫҲмֱҲҪèǴʦֵĶְ
ؿ̨֮ϣҫ⼱һȻ΢΢һЦعΣұһ̧ıݺݵֱ֮ϡ
͵˶ΪҫֻᱻɳȥʱҶɵˣôͣڰҫСϣ˿ǾȣоԼеĲǸ첲һʵĸ
ֻ˰ҫƤȴεĵڼ棬ǽͷԶء廹֮ʣҫסұһ˦Ľɾ˵˦ɳȥ
漴ҫöԸκСȷʩչһ顣˫ҿڡߵĴȡ衢߹ǡӡԴ⵽ҫһըǼƾͺҪһ㡣
˵ĸоͺƵãȻɰҫ֡ʵеͷתˣҫϵľֹǧ
̨һƬĽкЩŴֻ
ãߵúã棬Ӿ
ӣţϵǡ
ʦܺݺݵᣬҵġ

һƬĻİҫԴĺߣСӿԵզذƮƮͱûʧɫԭУҫӦõŶԣôһӾͷˡֻһݺݵҧţĵĴһʦ֣Ѱ췴
һɤӣĻ塣
~~~~~~~~~~~~
ֻŭ𣬾ȫʮɹµ绡磬󷨵Ļɽһ㽫ҫֳɽָָ绡ǣ֮ǰ˦ڵϵıһָ˵İҫϵıշ𣬳ҫȥ
ŶҼǵȥСҲûⱾءû뵽ȻĹˣׯɽׯ˲ŵǲٰԴһ˿ȣɽ˵
ɺϰˣ⺢Ƹڶ㣬ǿ߶Ҫʹ֮ԶءɽǫĻصʵѾԺˡ
ؿ̨֮ϣҫΣڱѾΣȻԼôΪһ쳣ʵȻΪɽԼ
ֻҫһһ˫ֺʵɽεģӲֹһУֻһεСһѡ
ϵĵ绡ҫ˫΢΢һ飬ͻȻĵǰҫʼϲġǵһ̣һϲҫ㿪һûޣ˾͹㵹ùˡ
ṦһչѾҫǰս֮һתҫ˫֣֮һƣƤӴˡ
ȫƮƮֽкãɽһҪ̨Χ֮ʱҫ˫ǰһͣߵǸ߸͹عһգȻýദٴθһֵľ롣
ԣԣԣ
ϸ΢ڰҫֻûйͷƵã»䣬һſڵϣһ龪һ
ҲǱһ׶ˣٵͷһҫߵһͷҵԼһһ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫ˫һŵ棬˫ֳצסţô˺ף֮˫צݺһ˺Ӳǽٴ˺ɳףۿžҪɳ̨
Ʋѣʹ彣̨֮ϣǵ˺֮ơͷԼǰʮĿĵץۣоǿ־塣
ҫʱҲĨһ麹вɵһ̾ˣˣС﷭ѧ˶͹ɱǣȻҪ
͹ͬҲһֻ֮ǸһȽƫŶѡ˵巨Ļô͹ԾˡҫҲ¥ⷭ뷴ԼҲţãȱҪʱȻˣ첻óԼС
͹֮ڽųɵĹǽڿ仯λãӶڵ˹ʱ򣬿һķЧǾڵ˹ʱ˲ıͷλöԷգԼ˳Ʒˡ
ɱǾصĺˡ
ҫҲǴ¥ҵģصʽῴԵúֻͨһЩȭŹˣøɽ
ɽԺ󣬾쳣һ飬֮ƽʦдʱԲá
ҫƣôԼֲԼأԼʦҲܺԼǱһ¡֮ŷ֣ѹ־ԼƽʱдʱҪãɱҲ̫ˡ
ɱǹƪɱ̰ǡƾɱƪΪ·ȷ̰ƪΪצƾƪΪ·ȭ
ƪûй̶ʽƣÿһƪݶǽܽԷٶȻС֮ʱҲٳ֮ɱƾֻҪϵѨࡢؽеĴϰٳɡ
̰ƪٳɷͱȽˣѧϰ޵ĶΪһƪҫɽӲǸһȺ޴һ£Է˯һ֮ǰҫһ˺ģҰǲʳʱĶ
ʱֳ˶ûлعҲ¥ϵЩǣұҫոյһ׶ˡ
ʧǵӣҫһЦһͣıֱϥǶǰ˫ֳڵ棬һҧţ﷢һҰްĵͺ
˶ĿŰҫʲôƮƮʱ˫۳Ѫ˿ŰҫԽԽԹзߺ޵ţСӣѧЩʦֻعһÿ
ƮƮԸǺõģʵҲǺֱӵġ
ҫȻڵһ֮Ծ𣬽Զľ̼͵ˣٿնԴһצ
ʱոյıļ񶼻ûعټؿǰ֮ǰҫһɨߣϼˣ˵鸡˲С˵״̬ǵ͵Ĳٵ͡
Űҫ񱩵һצɨһ
ž
Ľһצĵķ飬Ҳֹס⵱ͷһצ˵̫ˣҫһƫ֮ǰ͵һͬʱץסԷҽףһ峯ǰӭҫĽף˫ȼסĴȣ۱סСȣһŤҽж
֮һַץס󣬽ֱ̤סùǣץס⣬˫һšұ۱жҫץס󣬽ȭͻ⣬ϵۡһ˦ҽŽűסԷNѣһͷءһ׶Ѿ˫һȣҫʩչ̰ƪĽؽڼ
ҫ˫ץסϥǺףҪʣһҲжʱƮƮĺֹ
ˣҫЩĹʤ֮䡣Ҵʦֻûع͵Ϯֱǲ֪߳ܡ
ҫſȣЦ˼˵Ӧվδ򲻻֡ʦӮ˾Ǳ£Ӯ˾ʦˣҰҫͲ𡣡
ֱǿʶҪƮƮ㡣˵Ҫν̨
ʦñˣˡ
ɤĻصܡ


ʮ ʱ
Ŀ䣬ׯڴ֮Ļҫʵó˵һӡ
ƮƮ̨ʱ׺ݵĿ⣬·ҪٴҫҲںԼͲ·³ҲþɺҲãһϺˣԼҲû¹
ֻķӦðҫеһ˿ڴ
СʦܣֻһһһӡԭСҲǲİ
ҫҲǺνʼЦʦֺúˣȬˣٱȹǡ
仰սζʮ㣬ҫҲ㲻ǲôãܰһΣͻеڶΣΣֱķڷΪֹ
֮󣬴һ̨ҫ𣬸߸ߵգס
˿̵İҫȻ˷ϲҲԲԼһ˿ĽԺҪӵĿֻ֪̿࣬һʱСʤѣԺ·أϱǿ˶ţëԼԲи
ʤ־ߣܲ٣Թ޻ڡǰҫԼдա
ڴһִ˲ƣ׸߸ʱڵˣһ
˶ֹͣԼĶ¥֮ϣֻͣˣ׵еİҫôͣ
ڱܵһʱ˿ûע⵽Χ˵ֹͣǣֱ˲һƵģڵϡ
ʦأͲһ̾һ𡣡ǰҫ
ҫչΪʦһҪҪʲô˵ɡɽ΢Ц˵ǻҪЩǰװװһׯ֮ϣѾ֮ǰȺˡ
ҫȭ˵ӣҲһԸʦȫ
˵޷
ϣʦܽСԼ
ʯ쾪һ仰˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ֳ˼ӣַ֮һŵЦֵĶһ㡣
ֻɽ岻ˣԸ⣬԰ҫֳ츳˵ŮԼҪŮƶˡֻѾ֪ıɲЩӻ֣ɽׯɾͻҷ˰
ɽǡҲӦԡı飬һҧӦ˰ҫСΪɣӲƳꡣ
ҲѰ˼ţʱҪǹҾ˵СѾͷƵңҲû취Ӧò᲻ġ
ʽˣҫ˵뿪ɽҲǿͿд˼λһ£֮˵ĻⶼΧŰҫƷɽҲû˿ĲãǺ棬üɫ衣
ȥʱҹˡ
ɽ̧ͷգǰҫԼǰҪԼּ˻ʱӣҫٵ־ݣ漴ҡҡͷطϢˡ
ȥ긴һꡣ
ҫ磬㣬ǵĴ٣˯Ҫһ߿ҫķţźš
СѾͷˣʦʮ٣ôôûû𣿡ҫǰһϡص
Ķ˿˵ɲŮò֮ϡ
ҫͦΣ߳磬еݣ˫˫ۣ˻᲻ԾĲһѰζĸо
ԵǣǾµ޿޵٣С续Ůһ㣬ǧ˿ٲ㴹䣬˸һֳ׵С
ɽׯеһһƬƬĹЩû췴ˡ
СѾͷȥңһ·͵˵ͷƮ𣬼ʧ
ҫҲҡҡͷ治֪СѾͷôģƽҲûô׼ʹʵǰȣҲʤ㲻
ҫʱ޿̵ĲڶԼûһ˿ķɣÿ֮ʱжȹ¥ųɵĲ鶼ӲҲϵĴĦۿɽׯһĵһˣԷĪ
ҰҫҲΪɽׯ٣ƽɽ˲ݿܣƣƽԻ͵һսֻһˣ½ɵи֣ںһҲС
ҫΪʲôôǿԭĽѰ˶֮ÿÿʽҪǰҫȴûƣþǿĹһоͽشڻʱͿԽСϾǿֲ壬ɲѰܳܵ˵á
ڰҫͷƮƮѾ˿ѽԼĲԽԽԶ
ȻĽҲͬСÿ԰ҫɱǶԵ޲ߡѰʽϣѾ൱ɱִֻΪɱ˶ڵʽʵͷʹ
ƮƮʹѧϼָڹķֻҪһ֣ҫԺĻܶԷ̼ޱȡ
һ·յĿɽׯ˵ŵƽʣַǷΪɽʮ١
ƮƮֲָǼɤڶΧͽȥ
ǱߵĵλòԣŲһŲȱӣ첹ϡ㣬ȥԺڰںá
ǸýٵģҫǲмƮƮҫһۣҪѵ⼸䣬ȴɽĴϡ
ҫһΪʦλʦ廹һȥӭӿˡ
ҫȭǣƮƮˣôŮʹʦȥֲ֪Ϊˣҿɽׯġ
סڣƮƮôԽԽˣȻ̬Ƕɽׯɽǳ
ƮƮζըˣҫǾԼĶ裬ͲûŶˡж񶾵ţһﵽ׸ʲôǾ͵ɣһʧƵģʱ򿴱Сôѵǡ
ԭʦ𣬽Ĵ٣Ҫ⣬ףʦ綫ٱɽ
˶ĻɽҲ⣬ͷЦţʡģһͬȥӭӰɡ˵ͷҲص뿪尲οƮƮҲȥºǷŭĿƺҪ
ɽǰŽ֮ﲻɽٵҫе㾪ȣ˵ʦʮ٣Ҳе̫˰ɣҺܶ˵ݣƺٵġ
ҫһŤͷҲͬԼͨҪ˵Ѿ׶Է˼һ˿˿Ľ䱸ǰӭ͡
ʱɽԶХĻϲӭһٵĿˣһʱ֮еĿ˶Ѿɽׯ¥
ɽٱգøλƷˣϷٴлкܵĵطλ˵꽫оһ
ׯˣĴ֮գЩϼһŰɡ˵ǽɳİ컢
ǣǣɽׯ˲űׯλӰҫǳ֮ͣЩССɼֱϲϰǫֻһ½ҲȷƵССɡ
ǺûǴĶȴζڶ˵ʱҫǰ棬ܲ
һĹάɽüЦ
ƹѲ˹ζ
챤Ԫ˵ׯ˵ׯ֮һ֪ɷóҵȿ۽磿
䣬ϯϼ˳ϵ˶ɽ󲿷Ǻ棬ǺεһСɫƺڵһ̣ɽŴҵķӦҲüͷһ塣
ҫβ¶ˡ
֪˵Ǻɽص
񷱦ԪĿ¶⣬ֱɽš
һＤǧˣҶ۷׷ף󲿷˶Ԫһ㣬עɽ񷱦һڹķ׾쳣֮ɾ֮Ϊã֮ǿ񺿡֮ɽ󷨣֮
ҲȵĿɽ˼ţʦв񷱦ܣеĻʦԼΪβѵΪҫ׼ģû϶ǡҫһ󻼡Ǳ̬ļֱӳҫͷϿһʺӡ
ɽЦҡҡͷصˣϷв񷱦ҿɽׯͲֹھŹɽһˡɽĻһЩ˵ĵͷֶͣڹķջɲʲô˶ܹΪġ
ׯԼǣȻׯûдţ֪ɷҵѰһ£һׯżȻ֮˴ںδҵҲԾһౡ֮ءԪһ˿ɭЦ˵
飡
Х̲סˣһ棬ʮΧԲĵĿ˼ܣŭȵԪʴʣŲҡ
ɽֹ̧Хĺ˫۱ĿŽԪǲһ˿еĻʹԪΪ֮һ
ƾԪûʸҿɽׯҪǿͶԡ
ûʸء
һ쳹ڴ֮Уһ۵С


ʮ ֮ϣ
һ˫ͫŭ˫üͷǺɫ絶̳һ㣬ӣ˸һֲɿܵơ
ԭŵĳʧԶӭˡɽüһȭ
ţһɣڸƣںһžԵĻȨ߳ɵɶ˳£ɽׯڴС
ӣʮȴֻʮͷѣһ޼ѽӽ豹棬ƣ绢䱾ľҲѵʥڡ֮ž֮ǰּһ㣬ɽׯǡ
ɽҲϻ񷱦ǽҲýҲýԼŰɡӲƵ
ɽʱΪˣԪ£챤˵СɽׯҲ١ӵĻΪˣԷʵԼܹȵġ
ɽҧҧصĳûдХҲҧҧ˵ҿɽׯ˵ǰ绽꣬ҲʲôӿɡƴƣҲܴ衣
ô
ӵаЦɽ⡱һ
ʱ⽥һɱҽ˶Ϊ֮һɽǰһá
ҵڿɽׯ˽˶Թɵˣӹʲô˵ʲô˵Ҳ˫һУɨˣ˶Цͷǣ糱ˮһȥֻʣʮ˶ɽŭĿӡ
ɽͷվߵİҫ˵ǴӺųȥʲô£סǣȥ
˵ͷٶŴȥҫĵ˵ʦСġҲȥ
ȥҲ⼸СӰ첻ľơ
ɽٸһλᣬ㽻ǲ
ûУҽʲô
ãձѪϴɽׯ㽻
˵գӾҪ֮ʱȴһסʯͷĦ˸еᡣ
ңȥҲ񷱦סѿɽׯ׳ҲҪҵ
䣬ӵ˵ͷ֮ǰʮ뿪ˡɽԼֵһۣҲʾףֱƴ˲δʱֻʣǶˡ
ɽ˫۽źˣԷǳҲҴ⡣ɽھһߣһԾԷȥٿһֱȡԷͷ­һƼͣƷ紵ĶԷĺ۽ϡ
ֱ̧һȭɽĴȥһȭûʲôƿԣȴ쳣Ĺ죬ֱӺɫȾһ㣬īСϸðȭཻɽȣ֮㱻һȭɶأݺݵײһϣ֮ڵ档
ɽһѪŸո˵ȭͷԹƣƾȻһƬ̧ͷԷǡ
˶ñһЦ
ҫ䳡ǰľ˶ĵһֻмǾ޴Ժڣ⽣ӰѪɡ
Ժڣ֪ðһȺ±ͽ׷ɱſɽׯĵˣЩֶһ֪ģһ֮䶼ĳϣѵء
˿죬ֱӳɱǰ
ҫȺͽȭžþʮɾ˰绢ȺƲɵĽһƬĽӰٶոǰ˵Ůɢһ㣬ߵ۷ɳİÿһöֱ䴩һ˵ͷ­ƮƮ˵ҲǷɱС
ɱĲֺɱĶԷ֮ʱ
~~~~~
һ죬䳡мĸ¥ϣһӰɶϳС׹мĹ㳡ϣϸǱҳһֱڵӡ
˸æǰһԭԶ
¥֮ϣ֮ǰеһվڻԶʱƿǽȱǰ¥ˣһһ֮Ťͷֻص¥ڡ
ҫԶӣͿȳһѪ˵¥ȥ˵꽫ҫƿһṦһչ¥ڴȥ
ҫˣ˶ûʲôӦֻÿ˵ʦȥ¥Ҳûʲôôֻҡ˵ͷû飬ƽҲƮƮʱԵùɵĺܡ
ΪЩĻ䣬ļĳ棬ѷҡⳡޱ䣬ʹƮƮжһУƽЩǣ̼䵴Ȼ޴档
ҫ˵Ҳǳȣҫ֪ʱԼԲңһţѡ˷򣬾Ǳɡãҫľȷ뾫׼
˳¥ȥ;һЩͽɱ¾ҲֻҡҡͷԼܲˡȻԶȥ¥Ǿͱ⣬Ǳ뾡ϵ
ֻûз֣һӰ
飡飡飡
ɽڵײһǽڣɵԺСֻϥأظһȭӡˣȭӡϻðź
ɽǹѪһѪǿ˻ȥ˫Ķǰĺˣ˾վſڣҲ׷
ɽ֪Ƕ֣תԾٶ뿪˾ôӵҲ׷ҡҡͷ
ˣҪҵĺʽӦû˶á
˵תȥ
¥µԺУХɫҰףս˫΢΢ȥߵѪХпЦɽׯԼ¶ڽˡΪǰĺʵ֮ǿԼƥеġ
˿ЦͷȻܸҽôûӵҲ
ХЦһ㹦ûҡ
ͷҪԹԽ񷱦һȫʬ˵һ΢ŭ
Ҫ񷱦ԼȥҰ֮ǰȽаɡХһ߸Ծеľ޽ź˺ݺݵ¡
ʽ
ߣײĲ϶ҷ𡣡ǻӭХеľ޽
~~~~~
һ죬ԶİҫˣĶĤʹ˼ӿŲ¥ȥ
˸ϵԺмһ׳׵ĺ蹵ں蹵ľͷХһ
ʱХڣͬʱɢһƻҩζǱ޽˽֮⣬ʮ飬екüǲϣעĿĻؿǵĿĵӡ
ոХ˵ĶУֱһƺ޽ӡ֮ϣֻһƾͽХˡ
һƣǰ鿴Хȴֹȥɽ뿪ֻҪǻţҿɽׯжɽ֮ա
˵һ˿ǿƣǵߵһǽǰһ㣬һСһ˦ڰҫ֮ǰ¡ҪڣХȴߵĻȥ˿еСٿ˿Хͷʾס
ХķӦ΢΢һЦǽڵϣԴһһ˿΢Ц뿪ʵոպ˵һƣѾȫ飬඼ˣȫƾһ־ǿŵҫ˸ϵҲˣҲߵİˡ
ͬʱ£ХĿһͷٴȥɢһ˿Ứ
ڰҫ뿪ã¥ڴһǣȫǣǿ񱩵һ˿̵ζ¥ըɷ档
˴߳϶ڸոĸСϣߣӣûôסһԾһХХɽׯ
䳡ϵץԶĲӣͷ¥λãԶʬ嶪һԣɽׯĺɽԾȥ

Ԫվһм䣬Űҫ˵Сӱˣ֪ҲҸһ·˹ԹԵĽңҷһ·
ҫװһҵģϽǰ˵ʦ磬óɣʲôȲСҪ͵͵ĳʹ˸ɫ˵ͷǱŽԪԪΪӦˡ
ƮƮüŰҫǳûĶʦ֣ҪǾҲԲɹ͵
ȡ±ϵİݸҫסƮƮС֣˵ʦòҪ嶯Ƕʵǣҽ书ǶְҪ
˵ץƮƮС֣ƮƮٱҲ˲ˣͬҲǵͷ˵ҫĬ֪ʲô˼еİġ


ʮ ֮£
ż˵ĶԻ뷴ӦԪҲ΢Цŵͷ⼸СʶʱСӣĥĥģù˿֪ԼѾǵˡ
ҫЦŰԪȥ
Ԫа룬һõֱɱڣȻžΪСֶڹķʹѲˣȻܹռУǻϽֲɵ
ۿŰҫԼľԽԽԪе˷ʹѡͻȻҫΪߵ̫죬ϰһ£ӭ浹ȥеĲҲ֮ǰȥ
Ԫæȥӣҫһ̣룺ͷϵѰҫ֣ܻ𣿵ȻܣǹΪ֮ȵľǽԪһӣһݼƮƮĶòд֡
ŽԪ֣ҫҽŵһ˲٣˫צֱӿڽԪ⡣
ԪаãȻСˣˣ˼δأöֱ˫ۣһ̧ǰ֮סҫ˫ָҪԪֱжɶԷֱͻȻһ㣬֣Ԫұһһһ£ֱӺڰҫ֮ϡ
СӸˣۣ㻹أûŵɡԪЦ
ҫ³һѪ˫ȳɹֲĶŵ棬ʹԼһƻɡ˫þʮɵľסǰƵһЦͷ˵̫硣
һ䣬ƮƮ彣д֮ƣһһҴԪ˫ۡԪʱ鲻һӣ˫ץУһߣͨݵ˵󣬽ɡ
֮ʣҫûɿ˫֣˳ǰߵֱۣתԷ˳ƺͻڽԪĺԡ
ʹԪ壬ҲһǱðǡƷҲ֮𣬰öŲͬĹ켣ϵİ˴ҪѨ
Ԫȫһԣӭ
ϵ޷죬ǽסѽԪĹʹֶδĶ֣Ӻʹ⺦
ڵһĽԪƮƮҧ˵ɴɱһж𡣡
ҫĨȥߵѪҡҡͷ˵ʱһƬĽŲڳ߸һ͵ˣʱסǵĽŲ
ƮƮһۣŤͷʵʦ֣Ϊأ
ϵİ±ãصҫʦܵģ˵ز˾
ɽׯ԰ȥ
Ժ󣬰ҫΪԼ˽Ԫһеҡ
ʱ԰ڣɽڵϣסһѺ۵Ľڵ棬סԼ壬Լ¡ܵǽϡ¡桢ͥԺϵطһʬ塣
ֱκСƽɵȡҲ˵ֵе״ӶѾˣƸ촦
ŵɽۿѣ۵Ѫ˿͸¶ŲŭؽҧѾҧѪ˺ѷεĺΪʲôΪʲôҪҿɽׯϾɱΪ˲񷱦ôΪʲôǶǺӰ~~~~~Ѿʼһǻһ˿˿ˮǡ
վǰӡ֮ǰһ̣ɽǿԼϵƣҵµļӣǣһ·԰ɱȥڰҫ˻ϡ
Ķ죬ˣ챻ҵȫʬԼλֵܵҲǿֻֻͣһ·ǰУΪȺӻᣬҲɽׯܲܶɽϣӣôͻһ˿Ļְɡ
˾ȻƴһҲҪǵİȫֻҪɽƬֿԺܺõǣĻὫߡ
ֻ㲻㣬԰󣬲ŷ֣﹧ʱˡ
ûа취ڴԴУһɽҲΪɥ֮ʹֻޣʣһ˿侲ҲʧǴͷеӣӹȥΪô˵Χ£ӾҲҪһ¡Լץסᣬնɱڻ
ֻɽ͹ӵʵԼĵǼסӵһһʽգ۵Ĺѱ׷׻СƸǱֱһƣԴɣɽҲӵٴδˡ
հƾаȭһһİɽҴܣɽѱɰĥ;ƿݵĵزˡ
ߣƥɽǵĲҡ㣬Ĺִ֮ǰϽ񷱦ɽׯҲ䵽ĵزӵһ㣬ɽΪ֮һ
~~~~~~~~~
һӰɽӳһͷ˶ɵҰޣɽȥٶ֮죬ͬ׾Թ϶գ֮ɽǰ
ҫǸϵˡ
ҫ԰ʬʱûǿˡˣȫˣԼõƣҲˣԴҡҫܲŭܲޡ
˫ۻŰҫЦ֪Ҫ֣ɰҫȴûֻ֣˫ֳצץס˫磬һͷ
ڰҫշʱӵǰһƬİǵصĳüһҽųݺһ塣
~~~~~~
һ֮ͺʯײһ㣬ɵˣеİɡҫѾӵͷ˫أһһתعΣһ˫צþȫץߵùϡ
ΪƮƮʱȴٳδΪ˾Ȼվﲻѱˣûع
˵ķӦһָǣˡ̧־öڣֱӵ˫ۡ
ɽҲĵôʵ֮߳ǰǼСӼ඼ֹ
ӵЦΪ֮Ĳֻͺһ
ӵϾȻһɫĻ棬ͬʱһ˱ӿҫɣöҲһڻ
ʵ֮ǿΪ֮̾
ҫͷԼͨ˫֣ԼǵϵһС̯ˮ֪ɵУеŭȻδƽҪٴβȡƣȴɽֹ
ҰѲ񷱦Ž㣬Ź⼸Ӻôɽ˵
ֻҪ㽻ĳԴӦ㣬ǷֺӵĻɽüͷһչٴ˵ĳӣɷҽԣ
ӵ˵ͷ˫עɽԼߣ˵˼仰Ҳǽ𳬷λ
ɽ˵ĻȥĳطԼŮȹҪ֮ࡣҲûɣͷ˵ˣҲˣóɡ
ɽ˵ͷ·ȡһţӡš񷱦ĸ֡
˫һɣ˱ɽǰϵץȥɽȴһЦſۣȫıסϺ~~~~~~
ҫʹı˫ۣͬʱԼٶȣԶɽ뿪
ɽȵķԼȻһʱѲֻĿߡͷɽҧ
һ˶ˡ㲻Ҫ񷱦𣬱ˣϵֻһѰֽɽЦ
ɶ񣡣
ĵ޼ǿ񱩶ȵɽķѣɽȴ΢Цš
ҫɱÿ˵ĶǽľšոյǵˣҲͬʾɽ׶༪١죬ӦǴϲŶԣȴ˴󱯡
ɽׯûˣţĸӦûлˡ
̨Ϣҫţ̾һҫڵСѾͷˣǿҪ˼
΢ЦҡҡͷصҫȥҾ͵һһֱߵġ
ҫ˸㷢һ˿ȿ޻ѿЦݡʵ޳ǣ֪ԼҪĲǴһǼǿ
ˣƮƮ̲סˣϺޣˣɽׯûˣʦֵܶˣֻʣˣǸô찡ʦ֡
ƮƮıڰοûµģʦýڰɡʦԼǺúû£ΪǱؽɽׯ
ؽɽׯǺǣûᡣ
һŵ˸Ͻ䱸ǸԶɱĺˣԶ
ָ壬ɳƵΪ֮ëֱ
Сӣ㱳ϵİҡ
ҧ֪òø֪Ҳʵš
˿ндʣô
ں˲ͷҪǰǿжȡ֮ʱǰһӰǰˡ
϶ͬߣ۾֮⣬˸ʵߵüĴһöǱ״ͼơΪ׵һ˻ͷ˿ҫƮƮƶϣȻһֹ
߰ɣｻǡΪ˿˵дԡ
ҫȭ˵лǰȡ֮ˣɽ·ɱȥ
ǰϵͼƣһǣûʤԣǰɡһһ׵ĶţγĶԱȣ˭ûȳ֣ôվš
ʱ˸ϵҲû˰˵Ӱһʵأ
֮ǰŵĺҡҡͷ֮ǰ˵һǾˣҲû취
һ˽ӹ磺ô죬ûǺùӳԡ
ݵĿ⣬ֱȴЦû£ĸСܵȥֻҪǿ۰ץסô
һƪٵ־죨ᣩ
ڴ
ڶƪһ


һ 뷽
պ󣬺人һջĶ¥
ĿջַǷ¥ˣζ̨˵ĭɡ
˵˵̨֮˶Ÿո˵˵ݣɽׯš
˵һĿɽׯ
˭ģССɱ𣬻ʲô¶𡣡
ɽׯׯɽΪ壬ֻû뵽֮գȻ⵽֮֡
֮в˵Ѿûǰô̫ƽɱ¾

ڴ֮ʣһſ濿С֮ˣΧ̾Ϣһ˾ǰҫ塢ƮƮ
ƮƮȥˣǳǣȴ尴סֻԭλ
ʦ磬ҸЩ֪¾֪ҽôѵǡ
ҡҡͷ˵ʦã֮ǲҪ֦ĺá
ƮƮһĴСƢĴ̫ҡҪɱ֮ġЦ
סڣҰѾͷＸʱֵ˵ˡƮƮŭһ
ɽׯûˣСֱ̬ǲ֪ννĻǺ
ƮƮŭĿӣҪνúýѵѵԷҲǲʾĵŶԷ˫Ȼ´ҲҪúýѵƮƮ
ⷬٶŵðҫ˸æ¡ҫ˴¶Լһ˵٣ӮʮƮƮҲδĶ֡ûأһְᣬ˵ƮƮˣԼ֣Ӯ
ãո˵ɱ֮᲻еˣȻ֮ѵ׷ҾûиϾɱıҪɡסƮƮ֮忪ڵ
ôûУӶԲ񷱦̬ȣƺ򵥣ͺǱʲôȥ˵ȫܿܵġһܿܵҪ֮ûе֣ɽׯֻ˻ȻΪĿ꣬˵᲻Ͼɱҡҡͷص
üͷ壬ٴʵãǴӺεó³֮⣬Ļֵģ
ôһΪβ粻ڵ֮Ҫ񷱦֪˸ܣԸҪˣԲϵ֮ղΪҪԼаյĻŻʲôʸԺô꣬ϢҲŸġָմһˮϻһԲȦڵ
ڶΪʲôôֱ˿ɽׯѡգĥӲݡ֮ߣԱѪеõţԱסԼҲñɡ֮ôżֻһܣĻ֮ûи̫ԣʱ䣬ֻٶȥ£ôֻһˡֻһȦ
ӴˣߵĿ£κһ˵ʵӲ¡Ȼ񷱦Ǿڹķţ˵䲻ģɽׯҪʦڵԼĹµĳôһ˴żѰ־ܰ쵽ĹʹλֶԲǶ֡ҪĴôõ֮ôأһѧԲܡôģĻ֮ɣ벻˭Ȧ˸ߣΧʳͿˮһء
ҫƮƮˣĿɿڴ񿴹ƵÿǱոյķˡ
ҫǲ죬СѾͷôǿķᱻʲô˵˰ɣѵʲôٰСѾͷƽǸȻ״̬ȫ
ͷŰҫһͷֵĵޱȡ
ƮƮţߣʲôҰѾͷҲмֱ¡
ͷƺ˼ʲô
˳ĬһᣬƮƮڵʦ磬Ǹúȥδӡ
̧֮ͷ˵ʦǰʾȥ̫ɽһƷɵˣ˵ǡ
Ʒ˭ϺûôһﰡܰʲôƮƮ˵
ţȷûʲô˰ɣȻʦշԸģ⣬Ƿȥˣʦܡǵ˼ء˵ͷص
Ǹʦ˵ȥģҪǵͬ𣬹ԹԸžˡƮƮмı˰ҫһۡ
ҫüָסֱΪеҪ˵˼ͷЦʦֵģû
ʦãԺ׼ô˵ɽׯ˸ӦŽһĲܱ֮𡣻УǴСƢҲҪһ£ͽǷǡĺǳƮƮӣǵһαԼİ˺ǳ⣬оеίҲǿᣬٰҫǰʾһԲˡ
Цһ˵ʦ֣ХǸԴ򿪿ô
˵ͷ򿪡һƱƿҩţֱǡĽ롮ʾ
ƮƮһסС죬ȵɽׯڵף֮Ƕ¾Žضá
˵ͷ˵ţȥʦ˵ףһظ裬¾Ž׷ֱΪɽׯׯ֮ʦƴǵģǱҪúΪǽĸһЩǮϧ񷱦ʦΪǽΧٻˡ
üһЦǽףҺͰҫ綼ɡˣеˣҫǻطЪϢɡ
ҫ½ǣҫĵͷǣ߶ˣȥмϲɹһЩƷǰ̫ɽ
˻صͷΪݣװԷޣ˻ɡƮƮסһ䣬ҫһ䡣ɿˣâ״̬סһջǶ˴򶷵ನҪ¥
԰ҫΣֻԼһ䣬ƮƮһ䡣ַ䷽ʽú˶Ů⣬Լϲסһ䣬˲⡣
Ȼͬסһ䣬ҲûκԽΪҫ˯ڷ֮ϣ˯ðҫĻ˵ԼͿʱ־裬ʵΪԼеΣҲֻܺӦ
ǼһסˣڸǴޡ
ڴϣһ˵廹װҲ̫Сˡ
ҫʵָǲ񷱦ôǶĿãŵȷʦٻˡ
ҫ汿űٻˣǵ̨ʱǸΪλŹǣҪǸӦûȥĻ˸ߴӳŶԡǸϾɱӦɱǣҪǸʲô֮ԲͶţ޷ˡȻĿôȷΪ񷱦һϣֻǱˡ˵һ裬
ҫһ˫С֣ŶԷЦСѾͷЩֻƲ⣬ûƾʵѽ˵ҪǡҾͨҶˡãԵɡ㣬СѾͷҴ۽Ŷ
Сͷߵô
ҫԴЦСѾͷչֳķҫԲλడһҶɵˡ
֪˰ɡƽҲûҷѽ˵ˣ˵Ů̫ûҪģҫҪô졣һЦ͵͵˰ҫһۡ
ɵѾͷֻҪ㲻ұҶҪݷлϲŰҫĻС조ꡱһЦ
ʱķڡ
ʦã̫³çˡƲֹۣ˵ǰж½أ׷ǱҪҫ˵ʵаȻ̫ɽĻᣬ˶ˣԽƿ²ֹ̫ۡעƮƮ˵
ƮƮܲĻصʦҲ̫߿ˣǵ΢ĩ죬ܰæ𡣡
εҡҡͷĺܲףΪʲôʱգƮƮȻûʶʵ֮УǴһ׸
Ȼô룬Լǲ̴ƮƮģת˵ҫʵʵɱɱˡİ죬Ī⣬ҲͬˡһˣʤңͬһƾҶпܶԸ谭׷ɱô
һ䣬ƮƮ˼һȻܲϣ侲ϸһҲǿڵʦ˵Ķԣ֮ǰȷ̫ˣǶ˻üֵΪҶ뿪ȷֵܲáʦ֣Բ𡣡
ƮƮļ򣬺Ҳǿʵļ۷Ƿ
ƮƮ쿪ʼǹͬסԺӣʦֻһֱ㣬Ϊڷ絲ꡣ
ƮƮ˫ۺỨ˵ĻУĿԣˮ֮һҵӵǣȼ˶еᱧƮƮǰȥһ糺֮ɫ
סĿջ棬һ֮Уǰｻš
ȷûУô
ǵġ
ʲôʱ֣
ֶʦٶ֣ʱʮɰˡ
Ǿٶһ졣
֮ｻΪ˱ⱻҫ˵λ֣Ƕ԰ҫһ鱨˽⡣
ߣŶĿջǺЦĿ¶׹⡣


ڶ ºڷҹΧɱ
ҹջڵĿǼ˯£ſڵĵСҲڹ̨֮ϴ˯ҹעƽڿջΧһЩլݶ֮ϣվһЩˡЩ˳ɰΧ֮ƣĿⶼֱſջǵĿȷǰҫ˵׼
ǰУѴɱΪɡɱֶͨԵϢ֪һ۰ݡ
ȡҫ塢ƮƮ׼ߣͷ­ǰ֤֮󣬼ɵõʮϵĲ񷱦Уʱڡ˵ĻһЩϸ
ʮľ޶ۣһڹķĹе̰һ۰ķɱֽ˲С𶯣˶ڲ²⣬˾ǺˣźεȵޡȻֵ˴Ĵȥ׷ɱǾڹķҪˡ
ȻֻһЩС͵ɱɣһЩǺĶɱֵ뷨ЩģɱֽպһЩĳλģ۰̬ȶǱֹ
ڽϣ㱻˿ͣô㹦ͨŽƵıֻ߹ʱޣѡĻˣΪڽУɱֽɱǿɲ㽲ʲôأҲ׼ٸ㵥
ɱֵֻһ뷨ɱˣʲôͶ***Χˡȣ˵伫ûɱϣֻҪʱ֮ǾԻ׷ɱס
ʱΧҫ˵ɵˣ˴ӣʮڲľӢɱ֣԰ҫ˽дɱ
ɱֽҲСڸֲ٣ʵ֮յĿɽׯҪǿ֡ɳĸˣֱǱPɣ奾š
˽һҲСơ
P߳ߣ¼¡𣬷·һͷվĹܣӴѧĳȭ˫ϵĴȭף쳣ˡ
ɣݣֽһӣ˭ĲСΪһצ꣬ޱȣϵ˶״ҡ
奾ţòһ˫ۺˣĴ䣬һŮࡣȴΪĿĲݣͬʱҲһý֣СĴºţΪɱֻΪֹû˻ĵ奾Ҳδɱͷˡ
챴PѾȹ㣬ºڷߣɱ˵ĺʱ
֮奾΢΢̧֮£ܵʮɱ֣˵ͷſջȥǷ߱ڣƽأɼʵ
ɱߣҫסͷ̡ڰҫѡĶؽֵͷԼʲôʱãȴȺɱˡ
ʮϢʮɱֱַͷڣǰٵնҪҵ
˵ĸСƨʲô·ֵԳ𡣡Pǵͳɤ
ʲô·ѾˡͽƲһ̸߲ǿǲ񷱦˭ܲĶ𡣡奾ű˱Pһۣ˵ߺЦЦ鲻ˡ
ϣ⼸СһﲻҪ̫죬ǰˣòҪʧء奾΢΢𣬴һ˫ѪĿ⣬ͷ
ͷڣȴû˿춯֮һ仰ըһ˶
СҲòҪʧСүˣƴ񫡣
ЦĻüͷֱ壬Լ˶Ѿﵽ˳֮ͷڵɱּʹƽˣҲе㶯ɡȴûаôģʣ˾š

ջݶӦƣ漴һӰֱնȥȳ
ջݶɸʱҲһʱ䡣ֻ˫һ˫չڼƽתһȦ
ǿİȳһ㣬ܵɱȥˣҲǿ󣬱е˲Ҳˡ
˫һУȵСģǰ֡
P죬奶ǰӴ˵˸ʵѰ˴Ȱ˫ۣǰǰеİֵ֮󱩺һһᣬϵİȫȳʮö֮ࡣ
ģСѾͷôôǿ־ȫ顣PְסԼĺ󾱣ŤŤ
ͬʱüͷ뷨һ£ԼĿԶû鱨˵ô򵥡Ϊ֮⣬ǿֲİ֮£֮ɱѵز֮ǰ˵ڽһİ֣˵جΡ
ҫƮƮݶһƬɱ֣Ҳ¡
ѾͷϵزŶٰѹƽʱֻۿЩмʮˣС廹ܽɣ̸ֹ볣죬ôġҫ뷨
ȥɽׯﲻɽ¶ˮİ̾ΪֹҫڽѾԽԽԶˣǼǲòˡ뷨
ðʦְסҿܸһˡҵøϽɡĽ롮ʾԲҰѾͷһ˳硣ƮƮ뷨
ƮƬ֮ϣŰҫ΢΢һЦ˿ûʶԼһְˣԼ˶嵽ˡ
ʱܵľ׷״ϣǼƣ֪ǽ˵ĽսϽܻݷҪԼ
һЩҲԶΧۣνۣýԼˣ˭ġ
ˣ㶼ûˣôְɣ˭ҫŤͷߵЦ
ʱ奾ŴӱP߳ЦͷЦĳ治֪ǵɵأǴء
ССүͷֵǮҫɵЦ
˵Ҳ֣ǸѾͷ֮⣬ῴҲֵʮ奾Ҳգڷ̵
Ĺۻۣܿĳ˻һ奾ŭݣνҫȥӭƮƮĽ
奾Цǰý
·ɣ޼䣬ֱ奾ŵʺ뵤Ҫ奾򲻻Ųæ̽ɨһƬĽӰâ鶯磬˵Ĺƻ⣬˱ˡ
СѾͷǸͷҡӸ㣬զҫ˵
ɵĵ˵ͷ˵˾СģƮȥ
ҫ˸ǽڱһž·𳴶һ㣬űP˹ָζʮ㡣
PҲûʲôķϻڵһֱҫȥϵƬ·ɢһգҫǰȭͺһը죬Ϊ֮һ
ҫڵһȭû˿ĻңҲͬһȭ뱴PӲӲ˫ȭһشĵΧʣɱǶΪ֮һ˸Ա˴˵ʵһŵ˽⣬ǾǺ鷳
ǰͷŶԷ˵ĲҪô࣬ɡ
ߵߣСѾͷóе΢ĩ졣ҲҪȰ㻹Ծҵϣ³ɲ̫ð˵꣬һòɫԵĶ
ݣ
һƷǰһ׹Ϊ֮һ㶣΢΢һ漴̧һϸ˿ȣϵѪոһöûзӦ
ҵ΢ĩ죬ɡ
ǱĿ⣬һĻţʶߵˡ
ºڷҹսһ


 սô
飡
ҫ뱴Pٴηֿ˻ڲϵ̽ԷΪ֮ǰǼȭӴ˴˶֪Ҫ¶Էûеôס
СӣеʵP˵
ͷҿɣνҲûʲôͲһ±Ц㰡ҫЦָָԶһЩΧ۵ߣ˵
ԸСӣڳȭ֮£ҲԺЦȪPһ˵꣬ȫǽڷڰ˫ȭͬӹıûĵͳʹҫüͷ΢΢һ塣
Сӣڶ ϡ
PɭȻһЦһԾԶľ룬գۼͻʳƣʹԶΧ߶Ϊ֮һ
ȭ
P˫ȭʹֱͺҫߡ
ҫԴֻһ̧סб·һƣȭס
ǿľ
ҫĽȻԱȭֱ鲻ѣȻԾĻбP
СӾȻûбɣ
ҫץסᣬһԷ˫ȭ˲һͣ۳ŵأ˵תͷ½ϣһеҽ𹳣Ⱥݺ˦ͬһޣͳPĲ
Pսս鼫ḻһ̧֮£ɵ°ҫ֮ȡҸ׻PȻһֱߵ˾ʣ˺һɶԶ
ҫ𣬵ƲֱӳPȥֻһǰҲϻǱȷֱںߵϥǣ벱֮ջأһһһŴȣP߷ɳȥ
ҫõɱеɱƪ׺ݵɱȷֱ˵ķʽŰűP
P֮ʱҫѸ߸ԾҽźݶԷͷ­ƺҪPͷ­ϰá
Զսһ󾪺۷׷.
Сӣĸɵģֺ쳣ʽ䣬ǲ
㿴ɵıP˵ĳȭأһȭѶֺ䴩ء
䴩ûһŵĻҪͷ
ڴҶ֮ʱһȴҡҡͷ̫
ûȷ̫ˡĲǱPǰҫPǺѪ⵱ͷһţ˲һֹͦ˵ƣ֮һþʮɹȭ˳ƺ
~~~~~
һը죬ͬ׺ذðҫĤһʹ֪һȭͬСɣǽȣٴսϥǽǰͬڵһ㳯һȭȥ
Сӣ̰ʤ֪䡣һȭʮﾪס
飡
ȭӣҫ߸𣬱׺ݵһȭɡһȭĿֲװԾκ˰ȭеİҫԣ˲ᣬѾʧȥ֪PȻ˿δץסԼһһɣѾʵļӻء
֮˫һҫȥ̼ҫǰʱҫֻǿĽз޷ܣΪûء
P˫չVͣ˫쵽£һ޵ǿʮɹ˫ȭʹһҫȥ
ȭʽһȭ˫ϻ
ʱҫǰƺֻþһ㣬һ˻ĻȭӰײȵƺҪĿ졣ҫȭӿջ¥ֱӺ䴩һ¥ãջͬʯײһ϶º˸ͨ͸
PݶƬ֮ϣɫףոþȫټ֮ǰȣǿ˹Ϣ΢鸡ŰҫӦһŶԣ漴һ¥ȥȥȷһ
СӣᱻP˰ɡ
˵ոһǹ񺿣㲻ҲҪѲƤ
Pô˵ѾãޱȣСܳŵڣѾ൱ˡ

֮ǰһʹΧ۵Ŀɿڴ˶ɣҫ
ͬʱĿɿڴĻ
ɱ~~~~~~~
ŭʹ˶عٴս֮ϡ
ɱȥԮҫ֮ʱȴǰ䵲ס
ʱɣɲ̫ÿʮĿӣҼǱ䴩Ѫұ۲ͣšɭЦСѾͷȥˣ˱PʮɹһСӻˡҿ㻹˶ϰɣ

ͬ˰ǲһ˿ʹĴһ
ߣСѾͷݵòӸոմˣĪҪΪ
ֻɵĺݻû˵֮ʱѾˡӰΧһɾתŲ·һ㡣Ṧ߼ƣ̫Ѩһ亹֮䣬ȫĶλҲС
ɻ֮ʣգ۵ĹһɵľѾǰҼǵأ
ɱɲӬ֮棬⬵Ŀʮɡ
Դžȵı飬ڵأʱϼûʲôõĵطˣ˰ϰ֮ࡣ
ԶΧ۵Ŀͣݺݵһĭİŵˡɺȴͷ˼ţѾͷôôӦòɡ
þˣʵһҲͦѲģô㡣˼š
䣡䣡䣡
һ¥ļ죬˼ءٶȳһ¥ȥ֮ǰľʹ޷ƽ
𼱻ǵĸϵһ¥ʱǰľͫһ
ջһ¥һƬǽ壬Pڵһץۣ洦ɼǳɾʮȻۣҫ𵶵ϣ㣬Ƥһͨ죬ĵһ˵СѾͷǸֽ
ĵƽһЦ
ǸݺǱĶְ
ؿݶ֮ϣƮƮսʱĶɲ̫ÿڵϣƮƮ彣Զϳ飬Ͻ˲١嵽Ǻһ㣬˽٣ֽ麹ʵҲûбƮƮö١
ǰ奾ȴһƵеģ
奾һĴºţºѾãտʼѧ֮ʱѾ˸ˡû˻ĵǶ̫ȻʵռҪɷ֡
奾ſƮƮǱ΢Цҡҡͷ߰ǵĽϧңǱǿˣԾ
ߣ˵ʲô󻰣һǸͷҫ֮ʰҲѣεĴɱҪʧˡ³һѪ˵
ǳСӹѾ֮ǰһˣοֻҪڣͲʧܣȵĵԼɡ奾ӥֱ塣
С˵ûȷõĵԼˡ
ҫֻһӽϵıPǰȥö奾ŵ֮ڣͫһսֲԾĽһ
Զĺ꣬Եһ˿ȣСôܱPģһúúʡ
ʦ֣Ҫǰæ𡣡ҫЦ
أʦƲᣬһЪϢãܿܽҧص
ҫԼ֮ǰʰ˶֣ôĸʵ¶ģһҪӮҪӮƯ
Բѣ
奾Ʈбˮкأ·ûоͷһ㣬幥ȥ
֮һ򖥴һ졣
һǰĽƣ彫ƮƮƿһԡսԲŶسɽĽֱȥ
ٿռתһȦȦӰ奾еĽһж¾Žġʽʩչ쾡¡奾ŵн֮һʵ̫ܼ಻ϣϵĽ˲ӡ
奾ŻһԶ֮ʱ屩һ󷨵ǿ͵羢ž죬쳣ҽǰеĽӰ飬ǰߵͷ­ȥ
ǳһ奾Ҳһ̱̾С
֮ҷԴա
ǰ奾ţͻȻģʵڣһֻǴ˲Ӱ奾ȴĳ󣬽ָգԵƮݡ
첲Ѫ彣ҲڵءûڵأǽҪأ˫ֽӡתʹʮɹµ绡硣
˫ַֿʮָ֮ƣһָϱָ绡תһٿնһƬ׹奾ͷʱ䶼ûУսֱ۱߸߷𡣸оϱ۵ļϴľʹȪӿѪ
~~~~~~~~
奾ŵĲҽ쳹С
ȫû뵽廹з֮ΪԷʹҲûս֮ʧˣˣһ۰򣬻ƽʹı۰
ɫҰף麹ǣƬ̣֧ڵء奾ҧʣ֣ϱϵıȥһԷԴ
ҫ˸æǰȥӪȣֻ˵ҲԶûбϿȥôáҫأ޶սƮƮĽѾ֮ǰսб飬İѾù⡣˵ľ߰ԶԮ
ۿҪ촦֮ʱһ꣬غӰԱߣָһУ奾ŵĽסָһϣ֮һצ˺Էʺ
奾ԼʺţʺϵѪϵӿͷأ˫۵ɵĹԲĿ
һ֮󣬻عŰҫֿ죬ϲɵЦš
ҫͫСüͷһ塣
ô㣿


 Ⱦ
꿴ǰˣֵʲô㣬㣬ģһòûУҿǵľ˵PǰһŲں߱ϣһ壬Է顣
ҫ˼һĻǲ⡣˿ҷɣȻ䱸šΪ͸Է⣬ֹۣ۰ĺ󻼣ֻԽԽҡټϴʱ˿̵ˣûս֮Ҫһ벶ȸں
ݣ֮ǰܰҫ˵Ҷġ
Ҷģ㵽кͼɱǵĻĪҪΪˣʮþˡҫҶ˵
ҶɵЦҡҡͷǰ˿һҩͨƴߣסڷһ֧֮ˡ
ҫҶٶҲǲ죬ȴڵİɰҫ磬ҪɱǣͶˣ״̬²Ķ֡
ţСѾͷƵãһľԴҶջҫǰ
ƮƮæӹ壬һԡеĽ䱸֮ɫûȻҲͬĹ۵㣬ֻҶĵҲ˵
֮ǰڿɽׯԼҫ˵սܵ¼Ҳ֪ҶڤڵˣίʵĲ¡Ѱ˼ţһҶķѣԼ㽫ҫߡаҫ˾ˣ㲻ǣ塣
ˣˣǴҲˣҲˡ˼ҵĿջҲˣ뿪ɣȥҶֺǺǵ˵ʵ᲻һ˿ĶС
ҫüͷо岻֮ǰХ˵ҶаˣΪȴһƽƺʩٸƶûٸɡɾΪǿҵķʵѾ
ŰҫǷ·ҪüͷģҶһƲ죬ֱۺȻĴڰҫͷͺδһ㣬ѰҫһĿҶġ
ȥǡĿ̫֮ǰĴսô˿ǵٿ϶زסô˵ڤڵĵ̣ЩɱҪɱҲֵֵģҿǵĻŶҶЦ
ΪʲôҪǣҫǲ⡣
ʲôΪʲôͰ£ҡ߰ɣҲСһҰˡ
ҶĵĻðҫеССĲԼеС֮ĶȾ֮ˡԼҪ΢Ҷĵʲôı
Ҫ뿪ȥҶĵס֮ʱɽʣļɱǰҴһ仰ţȡǵͷҪĴֵۣô
ɱæͷͣˡ奾˵ǲò¡ҲɵӣתȾܡֲһ䣺ֻҪһ˾Ϳˡ
ĻҶе㾪Ѿͷ˼ܡ
֮˴ҴҸϵĿջƹƱֲʧҶ人ĸۡ
ҶĵĸۡҲݳˣôط˼ʹӣҲûˡҶĵĻ˵ĸۡеǣƽڽߣҲסס
ǸǷģðҫе̲סʹһ١
ƮƮ尲һϴĿͷʱƮƮİǰţҫҲֵ徻ûж롣ҶķԸ˸ҩ֮ٴ뿪
Ȱҫ뿪֮֮ǰһֱװԣ忴ƮƮ˵ʦãĺãھԲӦ䣬ٸϵ̫ɽ֮ǰáҶĵ£ɰҫǷľˣɡ
Ļν
ҶĽҫ꣬˹ҫˣҲطϢˡͬʱҲԸ˺úϢʲô˵
ֻһϢڵڶյҹɱֵĴս͸֧ǵ˵Ӯˣ֮⣬˶ʤĶա
ҹҫڸۡԺⲽѰ˼ŽĶԲҶĵ⡣ͻȻһƺĽűߣһ̧ͷԺϵĶС¥
ϹתˣҺȵ㡣Ҷ¥֮Ц
ҫ¥Ҷӹƺ͹һڣؿһƬΪ֮һ漴ʵҶģΪʲôҪǡ
Ҳ˵ôͰˣ⡣ҶĻص
ҫһڣٴ˵ڤڵ˰
Ҷ̧ͷҹе¹⣬֮͸Σһ̾Ϣصһ˵ĳԼܿôȻƲˣǾͿԼɡаҲãڤҲãֻԼ¡Ǿ࣬ΣΪԼǻ˿ġ
ҫĿɿڴĿҶģҶĵĻдĶ࣬û뵽ҶԭΪˡƾĶΪأڱġ
ҫЦЦžƺҶĶһ˵ΪԼɣ
һЦͷƺеľƺȾ֮һЦ֮ǰǣΪ
ҶƲƲ죬صϻ׵ܵͷˣܲҰ˰ɣȻҪҳ˵ˣѾҪȻƾǼ³ɲ̫Ŷ
ҶĹ°һ̧˰ҫһۡҫҲգҡͷЦЦ˵ðɣллҶĴ飬һСȸΪ˵һ¾ƣšƿһڡ
ˣôܱPģҿ㱻һд򴩵һ¥ΪˣҶĲ
ҫžƺ۾һʱ
Pһ¥ǰľΪ֮һ㶣ЦСӣ㻹ͦᣬ䲻㡣
ҫվڹ̨ǰŤŤӣŵӵĵС֧˺ȥò£¶ǻƽļ⡣ֻͨһƬ·𱻿ˮ̹һ㡣P֮ǰһϻðҫ˲Сǿ廹ŵס
ҫһЦ˵ͷȭͷǶƵģӬҪҵ˯ûС
PҫĻ죬ͷֱðҫȥҪԷƤǡҫĶеˣֻ˶ſڵϣϸ߸γһĻȣؽҧۿͨ죬зһ˿Ұްĵͺ
PŰҫľٶ΢΢һ˺ëֱҫǱҰ޻Ҫ񱩵ɷ֮ñPһ٣оԼǰһͷ
ֻҫȶˡ
飡
ҫ˫ȷ汻ȳʮֿСۣ˷˵PǰһȭڱP֮ϡ
һȭñPѪһߣȥɰҫԸԳֳצץס󣬽䳶ء漴֣ǱڱPθ°ͣһθӿ
ʯñPͷת򡣰ҫƲˣ˫ֳצݺݵצԷţ˫۰ͬһӰҵĳűP
һ˫צŶԷ塣צ۲P֮ϣƤѪɽҲ̶á
PŭһǿʹȭֻһȭˣҫһͣתݣһתP˫צסԷ˫磬żһ㣬һǿϥײͺڱPļ֮ϡ
ǣ
ѵʾPҵ³ֻ⻹û꣬ҫ˫һأץסǰߵ󣬴Ӻ̧ȭָ͹ڶԷĹؽ֮ϡ֣֮ץסұսٴκͬһط
Pұ⣬ʱʾʮȻۡҫһP÷ڵءʱıPʧȥ֪ҫ𵶵ϣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ɱ̰ƾɷؽʹҪҲˣ˵һǧ˰ٰ

ι㷭Ҫʲôʱ򣬵˵˵ҶĲͷʵ
ҫع񣬿˿ҶģһƲ˵Ҫܣ֮Ӯ˾ǣǴͷǱСүĶ֡ģ첻顣
У͸ٻغϡ
˾ƺһͷȣ󹴼һЦ
ʱķڣ֮ǰҫ˵İˣϥأİǰһ˫һţ·һ
мĴͷİˣ˵С㣬ĸԸС㲻ԸǻȥǱⱾţú֮ȡءǳԵøС
ҲǵģôҲǻȥ°ɡˣκҸҫҪȥ̫ɽ֮ͻȥףǵҸʺŶԴص
ͷİһЦ˵СϾĸĶŮĸҲϵС㲻ǻȥԲǽҰбĸСҲǹĵĽ
СֵκȻذɣҪðҫ緢֣ȻҿҪϰʱء
˵ͷǣţҫСӾʲôͷСԵͷת򡣡
ŷϣ˴Ӵڷ½Χݶ㣬ѲӰṦ֮ëأûһ˿춯
ţ˷Ѱ˼ţ׻ã֮óˣȻֻ㣬Ҳ
еŷӡ֡
o˪


 ˵
ڴϣϵĽܵùתһС죬ɢŵĺڵ¶ȸǼ½
һ֮Ȼ˫ۣͫ׳ɵǳɫС֮л³һ˿漴˸а룺֮o˪ֻһСѣˬתͨ裬֮ǰֹ߳ء
o˪Ҳб񹦣еĴ߱ϵ·ߵ书֮ˮɱΪϬ쳣o˪Ķغһ˵ڣ˲䶳ᾭǣʹԷв޷˶磬жս֮ʱźܺõĸá
ڽھڹķ֮񷱦ضá񷱦Ǽ֮ףo˪Ǽ֮
Ҫ˹֮ʱ¥µԺдһ
ҶٺϸٻغϣҲ㣬ȾƣСүɲ㡣
ҫСݵò񣬽Ӿ͸Ѫս˭ȺȲȥ˭ӡ
ҰǰɡϾƣҫôʰ

ͷĺߣǰԺаҫҶŰֲһƬ֮ͨɫһжһƿվƺдţ͵һģ
εҡҡͷժԱϵƬҶ˦һ䣬Ժж˵Ķͷ󣬿ƵĺƬҶֻһ¶˵Ķͷ˶ˤһƨɶ׶漴˲ڵϣϻдʡ
ƮԺУˣҶķطԼҫҲͻط·ϰҫѣҲ⣬Űҫӣɰġʩ°ҫڱǿ׵ӣ˧ɡ
ò׽ҫŪط䣬ٴλط˹һ˼ʵ
峿ֻݺ֦֮ţۡҲ𴲿ʼԼһĹڴ֮ϣչһϵ˿ûƣ۸У̨һƬʮ㣬һϵo˪ĵһ㡣
ȣ֪ƻֵķ衣˵ֻǵһ㡣־ķֻһϾŵĻҲƲϾˡ
ϴһ򿪷ţְҫվ⣬һ֮ɫţæǰ͵ǸСѾͷҺˣû˵ʲôĻɣеĻҶУǧҪŶҷԺҲ̰ˣͷͷŵŧ
Űҫ޴ӣһЦסֱۣЦҫ磬ûµģôأҿûôСۣҶĺܺϵ
ҫ˼ɦɦͷЦŻصţΪ˲аˣΪȴ䣬ֵһ
ţŰҫ۹⡣ͷ
ڶ˽̸֮ʣһ˸ǰ˵ҶĽȥҪ̡˵ͷ鳯ȥ
ҫһ𡣴ʱƮƮҶеĽ̸ţðҫúǹ졣屾rرҶ֮ǰǣȻ˵Цʵ˷ѽ⡣
ʦ֣Ǹͦأϲŭɫ̸ЦᣬҫҪСŶЦ
ҫ˵ͷҶкҫ͵ˣ緹֮ǰ
ҲЦʦܣãҶԱǰӣȥ¶ѾȥˣҲȥƽˡѵҶѩ̿ڴлˡ
αҫҶ뷨һ¡
ƮƮȴü˵ʦִ˿ôڤڵˡ
ʦãҪ˵νӢ۲ʳҶаˣһĳӦЧ²ǡԴǵ˵
ǲʶˣ汻һ۸Ƶˡֻڳ˶ʡ͵ĵƣ˵Ưʵ̬ģðҫ˺ǲΪȻҫҲƣҲǸ̨¡
ù֮ҶĳŰҫʵҫɽű𣬶Ժʲôô
ڰҫ֮ǰڵʦ֮ǰҵȣȥ̫ɽһλƷɵˣʱȻõ
廰һ䣬ŤͷҶģߵı飬ǲ⡣Ҷķ·˵Ѩһ㣬˿Ʊ֮ǰһ̣˫ֱĿǰͳʼ״ſ˶ˡ
ݺݵһĭһ亹ü£ڵа
ҫ˿Ҷģüͷһ壬ҫʵҶģʲôأ֪ʲôֱ˵ú񳪴ϷƵá
ҶĿ˿ҫֹţǱŵģ浱ôݰ
ȴ̬ȭ˵ҶֲҪ֣ʦֱڿ졣Ҷ֪ʲôأ֪һ
ҫҶ뷨һ¡
ҶĿЦðɣҾ˵˵ɡʵ¼ڵһ鼮зġ˵Ʒɹ֮ߣھ¡ʵ֮ǿף֪ܽһаʽһսһһɽϿ֮Уʱ֮ڵĶ֣аһɱ⡣ǳսҹ˵նȾһƬѪ죬Ʒɵʤա
ʲôҫһ̾һ¸ʲôһ֮˵ʤ˵һսʵ˺š
ʵһμأǴԣΪʲôսҲûôҲûЩҲûŶһ㣬Ϊʵ̫ΣˡУޣʦȻ˵ȥ̫ɽôͿ϶ʵڵģƷ֮ǰʦʡҶҡͷ
кǲ죬˵䲻ƷҶ˵ǰ㾪ףɽݿ¸˼ЬʸûС˫Ĳβһϣôܻнʡ
˸ڵƷɵĴڣŶ߳ϡ
ҶĿʵŶѾͷΪʲôô϶
һۣŰҫ壬ʵʦ֣ҫ磬ǾõλʵΣ
ֶߣüصʦλʦ壬Ȼľ粻ߣһľǲСƵģ¾Žһ
û¾ŽĽʾһһľ⼸ǴģϵģǳżȻѰһҲ˵ĹȥһԵõôôʳָţ޽ϵĳϵĴת
żȻ֮ô˭ô󷽣һӸֲʲôײˡĽԳΪһɵ֮ټ¥еĳһţصѧʽǳҫɱ͹ƮƮϼ񹦣󷨣ɽׯĵλܲأˡ˵
һ㣬λ˶ǿຮʮ֮ǰδϰ䡣ʹٸҲûкõţûи˵ָ֮£ֻƾ֮ɨķţֱǳ˵Ρ˵꣬һ裬
Ѿ׵ײͣõǶʱӵɨƽһɵʵǰȷָټҶĴϢţȷ߳ϡ
žžž
Ҷĵ˵İҫ˵˼أڵӵķʵҲòдְ
ˣȻѾнˣôһϣܹӦҶĴǱ־Ե΢ЦĿˡ
صҶֵ˵޷ֻҪҵܼ岻ݴǡ
Ҫȥ̫ɽһɡҲģУҲиӦҶЦ
廹ûڣƮƮʵһȥߣǸ꣬ûġ˵ɣ㵽ʲôͼ
ҶһƲ˫һУɭȻƮƮҺĺ⣬費ʶ̧١οʲôһƿѣû˵ķݡ
ƮƮʱһ棬ŭȵҶģʲô˼ΪһأͿǳⱾСˣûʸ񡣡
ҫӣ̫ɽ֮УҲǵг̰ɡ
ҶĵЦڣޱ飬˫۱ĶƮƮ֮һɼΪɱƮƮ֡
ͬʱһƮƮǵ˫ۣĲ˼飬٣ɱʧɫƮƮϲëȻĸо弴̷Ӧ˲֪ҶǿֲʵʹӮҲɡοҶĵɱֻˡ
ƮƮȵƮƮ̫ˡҶֲǵľˣǸôǷǲ֣ҶֵǸ
ĺʹƮƮΪ֮һȻе㲻ԸҲֻܹԹԵĵǸŭˣ߳ΪҶǿֲɱ⡣
ˣˣҲһʶôˣ֮Ҹһȥ̫ɽڣڤڵżҵʵȫһЩСİɱɣʡһЩҪ鷳ֻкôûлġҶ˵
ҶһǰУҵ˵ڱסҶֵĳڴл
ô𣡡ҫҶ뷨һ¡
ҫ˵ͷЦҸûι鷳
鷳ƨ⡣Ҷ˵꣬뿪˴ҫ΢Цҡҡͷ
üͷŰҫ

Уɴ֮ϣһͽԼŻ㱨԰ҫ˵׷ɱ֮ͽ£Ťͷߵһ˵û뵽⼸С޻ʵPǶˡ壬ȥһˣػɱǣǾͷݰҲǾϲ⣬ûġ
ߵϥ¹򣬵ͷǣ漴뿪

ݳǣĻ͹ءĻ͹վڸߴǰһ伮ͷҲصʮǣлͶ֣ûлǧҪǿг֡ͬʱʮԴҪġ
ͽȭ֣˳鷿
񷱦ôĲ󰡣Ļ͹̾Ϣһ

񶫣˫ȥλʦֻϡҸոյõϢǵĿĵ̫ɽǵıؾ֮أǰȥɱס񷱦Ҫ֡ǣĿԼĵӷԸ߱ȭ뿪

ɽ¥ѹǳݡ
ӵİţʵ٣ҫ˵̫ɽ֮Уض쳣


 ·ʮ
պ˽·ҪĸƷ׼ãʼ̫ɽ
ҶûţΪӦʱпֵܳǿС˶ƴڹʽû͵ȻҶ֮⡣
֮ҶĹߣĻ˵ʱҪĲǸ򾳽硣ҶѾȫ˳ʥֻССһܹʥ磬ʱͨǿȻȵ
ﲻͷϹ룬ȥ߶߶̬򾳽źܺõãҲΪʲôǿڰҫǽеĿ֮һ
ŲСĽ
˳Ľo˪˵㣬ʱİѴһ˿߶ᱻһ˿־ѪתΪo˪ĸľһɲֹ֮ǰųĽ
ҫĽǺԣϾûа취ڹķǿֲĽʹҶдʱҪСӦԡȻҶĵڤȻŪİҫͷöԼҲƲҫʵԸˡ
ƮƮҲƴšĽףʵҲɵӣ֮ǰİҫʵ϶ѾһͷˣοּһҶġԼҪҪգ˵ȨǵһϳСţΪһ׸Ҳⱻ׼ԼеľڡĽĽϣκޣֻѧһʽС
壬Ȼ²ƽҫҶĵҲǿмӡдʱֳսȻҲԳ֮⣬ҫҶҲûзϣĴڣҲһɲսֻˣԼļƻضѡ
ۡǰҶķԸˣǣƥһƬѩף֮ϵëɵɫǿ׳㣬͵̬ʹҫЩˣһһƥԡ
Ȼ밵Ӱھ̤ѩǧȥ磬һһԡ循ȵ
ҶЦЦصͼƥھȳôܲͽȥɡ㣬ﵽ̫ɽһǧҪ·ݣȵأҲ߰ʱõˡȻǲԲȲ˯Ļ͵ˣԼѡɡ
ҫЦٶȸ·ͺˣȻϵİǴѪ֣֮ɳжȵĸ·ʹԼ״̬ѵ״̬
ʵҶıŪһƮƮģ⼸ĽӴҲֶŮһĲ·ҪͬһĻӲǧ꺮һꤶʣ¡
˷ʼǵ̫ɽ֮С
˸·ʱɫѺڣǿʼߵɽ·ҲֻҰջųԺϢˡ
ȻΪǷ۰ҫӭ̫ɽ֮еĵһ׷ɱɣѪǰ

ҹʱ֣ƮƮĵĶڻԱߣҫԴҰζ濾šڲԶУҫҶģʹѪǰ
ʵѪǰȸһϣеλֻд󵱼˳֮ڡڶֻѰߣֵµİҲֻͨԶѣɽ۸ͨ˻УҫˣǾֻб¾ķݡ
ҫһתߣѪǰ󵱼ߵٿת߰ٶʮȣˤǶϽۣҪżʵҫ߶ϲӶпܡ
ͷĺҫ磬ôôðҵؿĻˣ˷ʱˣʰԶˡ
˷ʱ䣿ҪҲϵĻһŰͽˣҲڴôðҫͬʱţҲǻôʱ䣬ΪڵϰѪǰڣλ֮⣬ϰ֮ࡣ
Ҷߵڵϱ׵ǰͷһͣмĿŶԷ˵ɱǷݰƾЩèһɣǲ䡣
˵˻صǰʼԹԵĳʳ̸Цģ֮ǰǳսûһ˿̸۵Ȥû취ʵ̫ˣûʲô̸۵ġ
һǲʱ䣬ѪǰİڴλңҴ룬Ҳ֪ΪΪ֮֮ǰҫ˶δȫûаΣ赭дĽǻܣɼ˫ʵȫȡ
Ҷڻǰ˵ڵٶȣջƻ֮ǰܵݣʱڳϢһգ̡ס֮͵ôݾߡ
˵ͷϨ𣬽Яϵı̺̺ãһЩҩۣ㿪ʼϢˡ
峿˻˯ʱٴϮβѪǰڽɱֽһСɣɸš
Դӣҫɱ
ǣɸԱŵʱ䶼ûУͱҶһƺͬʱеͽӣǱҶ¾šҶĵʱ״̬ɱ٣жֻһ˱ɱɸ޵
һ֮ɸŵͽǣֻԼٳȣķ׷롣ǵֻһ뷨ǾǸϽѪȵ޳
ҶĵΪͬʱҲѰҫŵĹǺƮƮǽס֮г˽䱸п־塣ҫɣǲҶ߻ħˡֻһˣֵĺν
ҫʾǷɣҶһʡǰҫ֮Ҷĵĺ׾һƣΣŰۣȥǽˡҶľȻ˿գһɵЦŰҫˡ
˯߱˴˯ߣᷢ衣ԣԺ˯ʱûҪ£ǧҪŶصġҶĵԭ

磬ҫҶ˵Ҷģλ鷳ˡҲ˵ʲô֮ķϻ˵˵ɣ㵽ôģ
Ҷҡҡͷ΢ЦʵڳʥкüˣôͻƲˣλߣྭ˵ܸʥ֮ءοҾͦ˼ģΣң塣Ȼָɲ㣬㲻а˵ĻǽѰɣ
ҫЦЦ̧ȭҶҲѧŰҫĶȭͷһ£˴ղ˵ľٶҲЦ
ԼĪһӣҶĶ˵ݻ߰·̣ӦþͿ쵽ˣʱסջҲиۡŶ
Դ˵ҶĴ磬㵽жۡǲƴء
ҶĹ°һ̧صû٣ݾ߳ɵĵ򣬶ҵĸۡ˭ڤڵĵһأϼҶҿ˵Ӧ
У֪νʲôõģа˹Ȼ衣ƮƮǲмֹš
˫ĿһɣƮƮҪ졣ҶһƲûаƮƮֹϣһʶա
䣡
һ޴ӰдܳϽӽһɳŰҫͷ­ͷ¡ҫһұ۾ȭͺ֮ϡ
飡
Ǿ죬ŵСɢɱ֣ҫһȭɣ֮˫΢΢кǾȡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦˣˣɣ
ʱߵִ֣ܳˣǰ˽ҫһס߲ơ
ԱŰɣ˷ѱүʱ䡣Ҷ˫һУ
Ļ͹ʮڡһߣųιȣǰ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˵ôĻ͹ҲݰȤô
΢Цҡҡͷ˵Ϸʮϴ󣬳ҶүΪڤϯӣ޹أи㣬Ļ͹һӣҪִ¡
һʵΪȻҶĴϺü֣ʵϾҪȺϺüˡҶĳѾãʵǲСƣʹʮϣҲδӮû취ֻܰԼĹţϣ΢һ¶ԷϾĻ͹ʵɲڤ١
ҲأҶıĻص
üͷһ壬ڵҶүأھҪݵĵؽˣݣֻһǾĻ͹Ϸڴ˷ȰҶүĪҪСʧ󰡡
ҶɭȻһЦڤһĲӰӳӹڳ˶ûзӦʱҶǱųϵѪһεεڵϡ
ţʺץ֮ϣϵðѪ˫۵ɵĹԲ󵹵Ŀ
ϵ϶Ҷģвң˵ô
ҶѪ񣬱ʹʣµľŹһĻţһϢǡ


 ٹ
ҶѪ񣬱ʹʣµľŹһĻţǵĻ͹ӵĳͷǻһҧҧҫ˹ȥ
ҫһҲڿնʮˣչս
ҫҶĶɷͷծ
޳ɥŹ
ƮƮЦι
ʮ˷ֱԼĶ֣սһ
ҫ˫Ŷһ˸߸ԾһǰӰ絶նɷով͵Ϯİҫһɷҵֳ˵һȵն
ɷһʹϥ΢΢һ䣬ϴ죬а룺СݣȻӵ㾪˵ҶҪǿ֡
ҫһȲУһշɷ棬һţںߵع֮ϡɷһͣؿڴ׻Ҳֻʹˡҫһһ̤棬ٵĿɷ
ֻգ۵ĹѾɷұͺڶԷ֮ϣȻ΢һƫҼһײٴײͬһλϣ֮һŴͬڶԷؿڣ߷ɳס
ǣ
ɷعǵĹ۵ԼѾˡҫһ׵Ĵû˿ɬУˮһǳɣûһιͬһϣɷ׳ѧ֮Ļ¾ֻعǹôˡ
ڰҫɷ׷ʹ֮ʱծλϡֻ죬˫ִһĸצ棬ϣұ۹צӺ˫ֱ֮ȡҫɱҫһֲ
ҫһߣ˫ȼнծСۼн֮˫ǰһšһתծסұ۱˫ȳɾʮȽʶϡҫ˳ƶͻڶԷҫ˵֮֮ծһˣҽԺ¶Ӱ
ծĲҽУɰҫĹƻû꣬ȸ߸̧𣬽ŶԷӣݺݵһ̤£һҫһծǱһűͷˡ
ҫˣԣֻҪ˾;顣֪ԼˣǾԻҪԼ
ծɷһû뵽Сӣ׺ݣӦ伫죬󿪴ϵǲˣֻȭˡ
ɷԾҫǰȭ˳ƺҫҲǸڵһȭ˿ûоšһͣǽһ΢΢춯˵ǹ죬·΢Сһ㡣⿴׺ݵһȭȴҫ½Ƕû
ǰҫȴһֻһɷҸ»󡣰ҫ˫һźߵļNѼסԷĲNѴҽŽű˫һ㽫ɷĲӲ֮˫ȭʳָ³ͺߵ̫Ѩϣɷ˫۱ͻеѪ˿˫Ⱦ졣
ҫסɷֽԷĺԣ˫һɷԴŤϣӴȻأɷȭֻȥүǰʩչˡ
ҫĶ͹ɱǣɷծ

ʱڸս޳ɥŹ˵ԽԽľǵ죬쳣İ˵˳Ծ˿ͷǺǲ죬һжͲ˵ˣССİȣٶȣб仯ĪĹ켣иɻ˵ŪĶϴͷö
䰵ֻ赭дܹʱᣬ⣬è׽ӣϷˣŶƺֻҪԸ⣬ʱҪ˶˵
˸ĵ˵ˣʱ䳤ˣҫ˵ҵġ
˻һĶðɣʹ˾ù£ҲܲöԷ衣Ǻ޳ͬëӰĿɥɥŹĳޣ˫˫ȥ
ƣһЦ˫һ̯İŶȥæзұܣòǱ
ɥŹг޲ϻԲƣ֮оȻȦڱӰ֮УаϲȴһЦһᣬ޹ǣʤѩƣű޽İȥ
ӿƷŰֱƿɥŹг޵ٶȼԭһ࣬͸ԷϰԶɥŹϰͬһ㣬ʮĲ
ɥŹ³޳һСѾͷò绨û뵽һ㶼ɱüͷһ£˲òࡣ
Ŀ⿴޳֮һеĿɥ˽żһ㣬Ӹ£óǧӰͷȥ
ҡҡͷһתͬһ㣬תŲеİӰһһޱȡһ˵һЩõĻʽӲǵ۾
Ҳǰֵı޿γ̡
׵ĶԼĿɥ޳ҲһҧݵĿεĶͻȻ޳΢΢ϵİ£Ȼأȴ֪Ӱ
ҲеССľȣԷôʧˡһ漴ŤͷһԣǰȻһءӣÿһ춯ǰĶֻһ¶ѡ
ߣСѾͷʹҲ˵ˡ޳
ȴһڣмޣƨ㻹ǲҪԼ𰡡ͷҲأ˫ֳĿһӣе֮ʮöѸ֮Ҫ͵Ϯİ޳
һΣİˡֻ·ѣ޳νĽҲôãܹһ١
ʱİ޳㣬˹ᾣʵƤǣڵ棬ֳֹްݺݵسȥ
飡
һʵʵôıϣǳصɼһСɰ޳ȴûչֳκϲı飬ľȣΪԼҰ˫ִһ̹ǵĸо·Ҫ˫۱ĺֱ֮ϡ
Ȼһɟo˪еĺıšֻ˫ͫŵɫӣС죬³һ˿ϡİһͣתұ۵۶׼޳ͷ­һԼߵĺӰһ߰㣬ٵĲס޳Ĳӣһִܻصߵۡ
޳ɴ˫ۣͷףǾֵ񣬾ͺ֮ǰĶšĲϣһȦ˿ڣϵⱻʸϡãòġ
һ૵ǰͦõġ
ɥŹ޳
ԶİҫҶģ֮ǰǵӰǺ棬ٶʵ̫죬¼ʹǶ˵ûп塣

һؽӰܵĻľʸһƬǽ塣ƮƮ˵ϣ޷죬˵ƮƮĹԲ㣬Ĳ㣬ʵӵǸ߳ǰһﲻֹһ֣Цɥ˽¡
ƮƮ˿ҫķ򣬷ֶԼ֮ǰѾж֡еĺʤԽԽǺһҧ˵ʦ֣ң㲻Ҫ֣ô
üͷڵҲãѧĽȻֻһʽҲҪĥϰɣҸѹ󡣡
ƮƮ΢Цŵ˵ͷ̽˵ƵҲΪι˴˶һ£ƮƮǸƣоԷǡɷǵ³ҲǿѰ˼ţɱһɱ׬Ƕ˻죬ƮƮɱȥ
ƮƮֽչսһսһӶδʤٴηֿʱ˴֮Ҳ˺ۡʱ΢ɣ֮ǰƮƮǸģǸŻסˣһֲ֪ԭԷJǹͷпá
аЦһΪжԭװǻƣԸһ˾͹ˡ
Էĳϡ䣬ƮƮŭգؽҧ޲ðѶԷʬΡ˵еıĽӰԷȥеĿ󵶣Ļ磬ƮƮĽоֵصܲ͸硣
ƮƮĿһʱУһȡ
Ľĺݣ
ƮƮеı˲٣֮ǰֹڴУƮƮӰеĽͷ­ȻӦͬʯһ㣬һָˣƮƮԼ
һ׹֮ǰǸ飬ֻĶͷѱƮƮһ̴ƮƮһĽ֮ǰҶĵĸۡ򵽵ġ
Ľʽֱǡĸߡ衯塤顢䡤񡯡ĺݡŭۡ͡ʡʡ
Ľ˼壬עʽעڹΪעصǶĵĶÿһʽŲͬľʽǧ򻯣缲磬ɽ飬ڽпνһһĽ֮һ仰ģ
ΪĽ⣬ƮƮʱ±롣Ǽꡢ嶯ðʧԸڽҪľ״̬ȫۣ½ԽҲǳɾͲ
ƮƮ彣γһƬҰףս΢ؿڣĴϢšĽһʩչ䱾˵ľҲᱻ뵽⵱У־ľûаõʽ͸Ļʱ⵽ķɣƮƮҲƽ֮ǰнӰĴҸС
ƮƮƽԼľֻľƣԶιڻĶιе̽·ɣÿÿʽƮƮϵҪȥƵ֧穣òǱ
ʱ䣬ƮƮе彣ιɣ˫̽ӣնȥŵƮƮʧ롣ֻʯ֮䣬һֻǿı۰ڵУΪƮƮסһǱ۰֮ϵ˸ιһ˫̽𿪣һս֣߳ӰιŰΧιʮҲ˴ĺ󳾡
ʦã˶ս֮ʱǧ򲻿ţʹжԷҲҪı󶯣Ҫסһ侲̬ҪҫѧϰҿԾ㣬ҵѱҪԼˡعͷעƮƮ˫ۣ
ƮƮ˵ͷɻе㲻Ļصʦ֣֪ˡԴʦֵʵӦòѱһģҫʦҲδ̫߿ˡ
΢Цҡҡͷ֪ԼʦõԸ񣬿³Լûмķۣ۸ڶ̬Դ
ιЦ

ʮȥˣֻʣµͷˣȻҲ˶ã˭ǵĶǰҫһУʵǿݵҶġ
ͷűľ麹ǵܣҶõĲӰΧʱӰʱԣۻҡ
һԹսİҫ̾˿ҡͷ룺Ҷڤʵ׽͸ڵңǸٶȡ
ôôƽҵڤôˣɣٸһʱ䣬㶼ƽⲻˡˣɫҲˣˡҶվڰҫЦŵðҫһ飬ŤͷֻͷʣĶǱҶĵĲӰǲҶľվԼѽ
ǸǣҶ˵仰ʱʧˣĹ̶ȣëëġ
ؿս֮ϣͷѾҶĵĲӰƵķֲ嶫ˣҶѾ˵ͷ֮ϡһ̽ͺڵϣԷͷĪڴͷĲе˫˷衣
ҶЦһͷǰһƳͷеһͭƬһƵǿƣںͭʱ˿ûͣЪֱӡڶԷĿ֮ϣͷӲĺ䱬

ҫ˷ѾǺԶݳǸȥĻ͹ʮȫ
˳ǣҶݵĸۡ˲ûзɾ裬ڳɱĻ͹ʮϢҲסԷӦûıŶԡ˶ڽŵĽ䱸֮ʱĻ͹ıӻƻȵҹڷߣȴһӰûе
Ҳȥϸ룬ʼò֮ͣҫҶй䡣ҶĲʵӣ㵽ʲôɱ޳ܸܲҿһ¡
ԴգգˮĴ۾һȵı飬óһīɫŰصҹпȸᣬԼģǵһãͦ˳ֵء
ҫҶĺĿеŰԼߣͷɼΣͷ֮ðһСĴָϸļ룬βɱƽԲ״мһߵţƤţƤһŵϸ롣κɫϿȸë߰˷ơ
ҫ΢еԾʵģôģ˽̹ô
ƤСͷصĻصܣ㡣
ҫ΢ЦСԴҲСͨ죬١ҶĿⷬģ˷ۣһ˵ӣһЩҫ˵ܲܡ
˵ͷ˰ҫһۣƮȥ
ֵܣĺ֪治֪ʲôʺˡҶĵֿڰҫļ˵
УĽĽ£˵ŶܰҫҲƤЦĻӦš
Ҷİһۣڵװһᣬж㡣
ҫԣҲǵͷӦҶֻ뿪һСᣬһСںУݸҫȥɡ
֡ҫҡҡͷӹںУһһ֮˫۶ҶģʵΪʲôң
Ǹ㣬ҲûãͻңˣȽá
˵꣬ҶתԼķȥ
ллҫҶĵıӰ̾Ϣ˵
ҶıŰҫֻ˻ӣϴһ˿΢Ц뿪ˡ


ڰ ƪ³
ҫص䣬ٴνںд򿪣ȡƷֱһװҩСкһƵţ֮еĵҩҫϤһöϴ赤ܹʹ߽ͨ͵˴ͨʹѨ»ָ
Ǳţе㺧ˣŵķдš񹦡ĸ֡
һ¸յڹķ֮ٶ죬·޾ͨȭҲʹ󹥻令޿ƥУԶ幦ܷɾͽղ֮˼ʹûκṦֻƾʤоṦ֣Ҹʥ䣬ٶ֣רſкԺ
𡮲񷱦롮o˪й֮޲Ȼھʱܷӵ£ɰҫϵġ񹦡ţȴֻеһҲ˵ֻһƪѡ
ɰҫȴûںܽԼľ⣬һôõڹķʹֻǲƪɶ˵ѾǾ֮ϲˡͬʱҲĬĬмҶĵǺĿģҶѣҫǽˡ
ջ˼ҫϴ赤֮ϥãöҩ£֮󾲾ĵҩЧķӡ
䴰̨һŴ֮ϣҶĶеĿڵİҫ
ҶĴ磬ҫлл㣬رȻҲóʲôҪæĵطܿڣҶ˱ض˵
Ҷȴǰ˰֣صûʲôұġڤķаޱȣǾ񹦱ۡҪǿҪȷϹôˣһ춼ȥϼһԲŹҡãҫҸʺӵ
Ҷģ΢΢һЦǾգҶĺǲ˼
ллҫܽύĺѣʵһ¡
Ļñе㲻˼ҶĶʱһ죬ֻһԼΣֻҲ΢Ц˵֮ǰҫ˵ˣ˵ĳԼ޷ȥѡôͽԼĹ֣εİԼаɡʶҫ㣬Ҳеһ¡
Ҷϵı飬֪Էĵģа룺ҫܶ༸֪ĺѣʹҲڣҲ԰ˡ
ؿڣҫ״̬ƺе㲻ס
ʱİҫ˫Ŀգ㣬ƤɹͭɫתΪɫݽҧţͷ͹ϵĺˮ类ܹһ㣬һεεĻ䣬ͺһּ˵ʹࡣ
ҫòԶĶüͷֱ塣иǸĽţʵǰͲסƮҫķڣҶҲ֮ϡ
ʵʵҶĴ磬ҫôˣϴ赤ҩЧӦòѽ
ҶҲҡҡͷĻصҲϴ赤ҩºͣ԰ҫǿֲĽǣȫԳǹɵҩĳӣ֪̽һҲ֣ܳҵԹаĽ𺦵ġ
˵ͷ첽ҫߣһִֻڰҫļ֮ϣƬ̣ջȴǲԲͷ˼š
ôҶĿʵ
ع˵֣еѾȫ쳣ͣȫȻһ£ѨҲǰ˲٣ѾԿʼˡֻǣҫһصڣϵֺͷӬһҴܣɶȴûκεƻʵ֣
ҶԺҲ뵽˼УͻȻ·ʲôһľϲ֮ɫ˵֪ˣСͻˡ
ǲ⣬ѯţʲô˼ͻƣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ΢ЦĵĽţӦõҩ֮󣬸ոͻƵģӦǴﵽʥ֮ڹȥԭ򣬵ľǿĹЧֱӣĽ֮ϡոͻƣͬʱҲǲžϴ裬Ȼãȴûһ˿ڣӶǿҲĿ꣬ŻҴܡ
ʱҫҶĻ˾Ųʮڿɽׯ֮ʱҫĳ֮ѾԲɽű֮һ·ϵ뼤սʹѾʥ֮ż˵ǰֻ̤ʥ֮
ղͨϴ赤ҩЧļǳ׵ʥ֮Ȼ⾳򣬾Ǻһʱ䲻ԡ
֮ǰǿڹ뼡ϣѾɹϴİҫȴ֪ǸǿǣǸǿȫûѡҴܡ
ҫھͺֳҵߡ
Ǹô죿ܷܲŲܰɡдֵĻôֻֿдǾż
ܼ򵥣ĵһ˿Ϳˡö࣬һ͹ˣסһҪڵŶҶĶŹֵЦţҲᣬϳֵ糺֮ɫ
Ϊϰ֮ˣλµҲ֮ѾܽӽҪλˡ
촽·¶ʲôһ㣬ҫǰԴŤһԣ˫ۣܷܷ֣ڰҫĵ֮һߵҶģǴһŹֵЦݣֱĿˡ
ҶģҼţûꡣ
Ҷ˵һ˿֮С絯һ㣬ջءʱ䣬ҫüͷչɫ̬Ҳٴλص״̬
ֻ˫ۣ֮һһǽž죬ˬоǰδеĺáڣ֮ǰһ˿ǿѾ˼ʹָû˿ɬУҫȻҶĲʣһ㽫ڵָӡ
Ҳѹ˷ܣȥûûʦ֮ǰֻһˣ±ͺܲˣӵ
֮ˣʦԼʦҲΪԼŪһϴ赤ɽֱˣǿϴ赤Ҳ֪䡣˵ǴӴ䣬ٵ䡣˵ϲںɱУл᲻ĽôܣҲʵ֮飬˭ס̬￪ʣҲôһ΢΢ļʡ
΢ĽʺޣѾʧһɶΪӽԺҫҲ񽭺еЩһ壬ָоʵֲ˼
ߣ
ҶĵĿҫ˼ءҫܲ˼Ĺ˵˼һʱˡСѾͷҶģˡûǵļʱ֣ҵ³̫á
ҡҡͷ˵ֻҪҫû¾ͺáйػ֮ɫһš
ҶҲһ̯˵ʲô㻹һôʥ֮ż죬Ȼҵ죬ôʥ֮ĸЧɣ
ҫЦŵ˵ͷ֪ҶνĸЧʲô
ÿһ򣬳ǿפ֮Ч⣬ḽһصĹЧͬһ׳ʥ
֮ǰӵλֻܣǽзŴ󵽼¡
ʥ֮ĹЧͱȽˣò֮ϣĴԣ˼άṹ˼ٶȵõһ̶ȵߣӶ֮ϾԵ°빦ڹķѧʽϣһѧᣬһĿûдﵽʥ֮ٶȣ˦Էֲֹ
Ҷϵġ񹦡ƪţ˦ֶҫ˵Ѿɹϴ裬ͬʱҲ˾磬ν³˫ɴȴ³Ȼֻǲƪ˵Ҳ㹻ڣں֮ҪԵˡˣ֮ͻٵ˿ԡ
ҫ˳ֽӹţ߬Уһȭֿϣϣ̾һ˵ҫڴл
Ҷҡҡͷϲ΢΢𣬻ص
˷ۣŶ˵ˣˣҲϧˣֶĵġҶĴ磬ǻȥɣðҫú
֪ҫﵽʥ֮Ǽǿѧϰ˿ĶԷ߻ħ֮󣬶ȥ
ҫţʼϸţһǲĹѾ֮ȫԺ֮С˺٣ȼ֮һ档
ص֮ϣϥą̃һƬеľ·ͼ֮ߡ
Ƭ֮󣬰ҫûκԵתʼŵһҪѨĿѨλóȥ

峿֮ʱҫջһϵȡõĳɹʵϲѡ
ʱҫǣֱͨĿѨѨθϼ¼Ѩλ·ͼҲ˵ҫֻһϣ͵֮⵱гʥĸ֮⣬䱾츳ҲǲСơ
ҫǰԺ֮УָƮƮйءĽ֮ҫӴ̨Ʈ䡣ǰֵʦ֣ƮƮôͿʼ
廹ûڣƮƮѾͷȻĵֻԽԽǿҪץʱһ˿иҫҲҪ͵㲻ڹҲҪڼӿնûоԵʵʱѱɲҪû㡣
⻰ȥǺûֻƮƮǸ̬߰ӸµðҫǸðа룺ĳԴҩֻкѣôϡѵ֪ԼǸڽѱˣ
΢Ц˵ƮƮֱڿˣԸ񣬰ҫʦܲҪְ
ʲôǾ˵ƮƮѵҽѵĶԿˣһʶҫϴ裬򾳽磬񹦡Ⱦڹķĺ鱻˻ٵһ㲻ʣ˹֣Ҫ뿪
ȴ⣬˵ҫʦܣûдˣʦߵƮƮҲЦŶŰҫ˿һԡ
˻һҫ壬ЦѽʦֿǧҪ飬Ͼȭ۰
ҫĻüͷһ壬а룺ҫſ񣬲֮ѵԲҲپֺ
սǰİҫ˿ûתĴ㣬аһһ漴֣Ǿκ˰ĽƣŰҫӿȥĽӰۿžҪѰҫû
һԵƮƮǵ⣬ͺҫһ̣ҪƵáж񶾵ţߣͷװǻƣʦֽһҪɱɱŵ棬⹷ú֪֪Լʲôݡ
ҫԱ壬̾һҡҡͷ漴񣬵壬˶ȥٶ֮죬۵糸ʱˣΪ֣ҫٶȣӦ
ֻҫһתһӣ񹦡еԶ塣һ֮ǰǵصĽӰȥųɾšŭĿԲҧҧһᣬæС
ս֣תâͬת磬âҲƲҪƾ衮¾ŽеȥֹҫΪ֪ԷɱսԲС
ֻ֪յİҫɲȵġҫұƻӶٶȱ֮죬̼佫Էеı顣
еıѳƬҫƳ£ָʺ硣ʱֻҪҫ΢ǰ촦
ҫջƣ˵ʦ֣ˡ˵겻ĿɿڴƮƮĻʧɫŴȥ
̫Ѩһ亹䣬ոָоĽͨˡ
ҫе뷨ǣսĸоá


ھ ʻΣ
վԭأþòܻع˼ͷ˿ֻʣϵıƬ֮ǰҫд裬ʹȫƽ
ƮƮߣʦ֣û°ɣ
˰֣һ仰˵뿪ˡƮƮŶԷʧǵıӰвֲ̣֪ôȥȰԷҫеԹԸӣҪðҫڽյΪ
ĿĵţԺ֮˼ǧҫĽͨϴ赤޷ɽ⡣ϴ赤ѾɽŵʧҪȥ¼ҲûǮᱩ¶Լ١ôҶһţһڹķһҹ̥֮ǡ
ԽԽߣеĶʻԽԽ˫ȭ߬ţ۰׷·Ѫһ㣬ĿŵΧˣԶԶġ
ҫʲôʺˣɽׯʦţڽй˷֣ѵһҪ֮£ɶ񣡡
ʵҲôԴʶҫԷʼնѹһͷҫͨǿĽǣʹսŰܡ
֮Ĳ࣬ȴڲϵ̡֮д費ҫȻӮĽŲѾ׷ˡ
һνڿɽׯҫӮգ֮д裬˶Ƕʮ֮ã廹ǰɱ֮¡ʵƾͨʽҫѾȫöԷû취ˡǰʱ人Ҷĵĸۡڣٴν֣ʱҫɱǣȻǸ˸ƽ֡
кõ֮Ҫʵ̫̫ѡǧҪ¶һûгʱĥȫû취쵽ģѹեǱʽĥԼĽҲһĸá
֮ڹķƽÿͻһ㣬ʵŲСĽͬʱԱǼⶼá
Ҳ˵ҫǱŽͨò˶ãʵͻԶ
Ҳʶһ㣬ҲȫûκεĸУϵдҲǿΪ֮ΪͻƣĹʹţʵӦʤҫŶԡ
ʵȴĸһƣҫͨˣѧһּڹķǿĽҫٴνԶԶûʲôһӿ¶޷׷ˡ
ص䣬Ӵµİء񷱦ţôֱĶŵķ濴ţһӵʱ䣬εҡҡͷַ˻ȥ
Ժ󣬱ҫҶǷ֣⵽ǵĿ֮ġ뿪ֻƾԼƮƮҪڽشɱ»ֱǳ˵Ρ
ҶòͣҲҶǰȭ˵лҶҩ˰ҫʦܵĽʦڴл
Ҷ̧ͷ壬΢Цǵã軨׷ѡҸϵһʣæȻҪˣҲʲô£òͰɣԹ㣬̡Ļ͹ڰǵĵ̣ǲռơ
˵ͷù緹֮󣬶ʰˡһ֮ȥһĿĵأ
ݴɽúĻ͹֮ϡʱĻ͹һͽ㱨ҫ˵Ľ
ˣȥɣ˳㽫ҫ˵ɢȥͬʱĻ͹εİͽ֮󣬱ȭ뿪
Ļ͹ϯӣȴĿڵʦҪôȻɱʮֻҪӳ֣ɱǲ»⵽ͬɵЦʦ˼
Ļ͹ҡҡͷڵ㻹̫ᣬܶණֻǿ˱棬Ҫɱ׾١롮񷱦Ҳܵǵ֣Ļ͹ȣʲôӣϺ̲꣬ôôġ
Ļ͹ϯӣʵǰ˼⡣ɱҫôôֳԼɵˣԼʦûжͣԼҲöʣ˹һԡ

Ļ͹Ϣֻһ֮ڣɱֽڴһСķ粨ǿĻ͹ʵǿɱɶˣҫҲӦһѿеĹͷ
ǺܶСͰɱɣȴ׷׷ֻһЩʵĻ͹µɣй۲졣
ʱҫˣǰ·ϡǶе֣˵Լһ˵٣زסЩɱӦ綯ֲŶԣһĸ·ȴǷƽ˾ΡΪǲ֪Ļ͹ķʡ˲ٵ¡
ʱǵڶյ磬һ·޷꣬˶ͷ·˰ҫҶģˣż̸֮⡣ƮƮǳİ
ֻ֮򼸸ɫ֮ͽɧţƮƮһ֣̽Ǽ˵ĶɣҲСʹ롣
ƮƮľٶûʲô̫ɧңڽ飬żʣܵľѲߵͽѾֲˡ
ڲԶĿջ¥һںȲĿ꣬¥°ҫˣ΢΢һЦָմϲˮϵգһȦհΧȦﻭһ档
֮ҶŰҫԼĸۡжƣʱʱóһЩϡŹֵĶҫûٰҫĴ򣬶ֻѰĴ֣˴֮굽١
ԼԷԺѰ˼ԼһҪڼӿǱȲҫҲԲ̫ࡣ
ԼԷšo˪Լġo˪ҪͻƵĲĸоԴȴڽͻƵĲ㣬ʱʵض
ƮƮʱȴվԷſڡ
չ򿪷ţǰƮƮǲ⡣ƽʱȫ·ǰҩǣʹĲɿˣôԼ
ôƮƮڵ
˵ͷҲ֪ƮƮ«ʲôҩǸͥԺ
ֻǶŮ˿ûвǲԶͥԺΧǽ֮϶ꡣһƱʻţǰΧ̽ʵʵڶԸ˾ͳߵһĬ˵ͷ
ʱҫҶڻط·⵽һأߣΰСƤڣһɽũֻ˫ɱ˫ۣðҫ᲻˿С֮ġ
ҵ˭ôʶ࣬ǵ·ԭҫ۵ǣ񶫰ҶĵݣҲǲղŭڵȵͷһá
ƽ·ͺ˵Լʲôһ㣬˿Ѷ˷֮һš
㲻ʧķ˰ɣԼôҶ˫һУ֮ͬɱȻʾĶ񶫡
Ҿ£һеġ񶫿Ц

ƮƮʲô͸Ͻ˵ʱ䱦û㡣õ
ƮƮüڵҫ뿪ɣǶʵڽҲȥ̫ɽ֮УͲǷˡ
һЦʧôһ·ͬУοʲôʸǡ
ҰѾͷҪС㿴յϣȰҪٲʶ̧٣ҲֻóָˡƮƮüĿһ
ЦһУǸʵôҪǰҫҺҶĴǰȰƿͱԶԶˡ
סڣƮƮҧгݣҲѹƲסеŭеıӦҲǲʾǰ˫Ȼ£ŮţʱҪս
ֻ˾ͿҪ֮ʣӰڶŮͷ֮ϣֱһȭŮǡ
ܹһȭƮƮ̽һԷȭƿס
ݣݣݣ
һƬƷֶʮӰŮŰΧʮɱ֣ºڿ㣬۾ˣ°ʵʵŮоĪЩ˲ᶼ˳֮ɡˣôʱĶŮν׶༪١
ƮƮԺ˵Щɱֺ񶼲ǵ֮˵С
ϻջ˼ֱһУʮö䵹ɱ֡˫Ķŵصɱ֣ոյľֻ˰Ҳͨɱܳܵġ
صɱ֣ϵİƺֻ֮ϡ֮ûȥЩɱһҽУûһ˿촫·ʹһ㡣
ɱ֮һ󶶶ֵַ䣬漴ֱװʲôһ㣬Ƭ״ͬʱ͹ȥ˴֮ĬԶ֮ǰİûи̫˺
ɱ֣оȲѣʲôѵǡ
ڶŮԶΧǽָ֮꣬΢΢һɭаЦţͥԺмĶŮ


ʮ ʦ뱩ŭ
飡
˫ԣҶ񶫸ԱԷˣ˽ѹУ˭Ҳκβ˭˴˵ʵΪӽһʱ֮Ҳֲʤ
ȻҲսֽţаҫİæҪҲʲô£ֻǰҫϾҪҶģҲҪڳֲС
ҫҶֶԸ񶫣ɾڸҪ֮ʣɱ֣˵ֲ𿪡ƲѣҶðҫȥԸɱ֣Լס񶫣ϾҶĶҲһ˽⣬ʹӮˣҲԲܣסԷ׾٣ҫڳɱƬײ
ֻʵȴҶĵ̴죬ͨɱ֣ҫӦû˶þܽ
ǷݽӦٳδҶб˰ҫ֣·뵽ʲôüͷ壬ҡҡͷΪԼס񶫣ԵҲסԷĿǰҫ
ҫɱֽսһ֮ʱҫ뷨ҶһѶԷ˵ͨආֻԽԽƣг˾ȣʡ
ɱֵĹٶҲһ㡣һ˫Уһ˫ָһԲζƣƱԵһŵľݣɱɼһߡ
쳣ĬػǲˡֻǣðҫеɵǣǶ˷·һ㣬۶صȭţǴڵأƬֻվ·ȫûʹһ㣬ֱڣ˶ûп˵һ֡
оԾôҹʱĴкܲԾּӲǶû˵һ仰Ҳûһ˿Ѫҫü롣
ҫпʼһִ󵨵뷨ɱֹ֮ʱ׼һᡣץסʹö̽ɱֵұۣƳɵһᣬעƵ֮ϣݺһԷұۿϡ
ģȻˣѹô򶼲۲ˣԭǻؿܡҫľٶ֤еĲ롣
ֻϱ۵˿֮ϣûдѪҺɳһϸСָֽ˿ñڵϡ
񶫣ĿڻãⶫóˣⱾôҶЦ
νĻصСѣҶּЦˡ
С浱Ҳʶ˫ɣҶ˫һУ֮ɱ
ϣģģһȽأҷǳϡٵ
ָָͨϱ˿ٿľżʬһЩƻأӶĿս밵ɱȣһЩеĹֶΡ
ͬʱܲ˲ʹ֪ƣ룬˻Ϊ־սɿȫûĸһû˼ľżأѵָкµһݿܵĿʦֻҪųܣͬʱԼĲĻôʤƽ϶Լб
жһʦʵǷǿƵĿַ֮ܵ⣬ҪĿܲľϸ̶ȡԽǾɵĿܣʩչĹԽǶԽǼӲԽǿ
һʦĿܣԼѾѪƵģҲֻԼӦ֡
ϱ˿ɽ֮ϵѩۣ֮һαϣ³Ĳ˿ֲ˿Ӳߣˮ֣Ѷϣпʦݿܵıѡ֮
ԹҶļ񶫲ûԼ漴̤أһ죬Ҷһ֧ǿһĲӰֱ񶫶ȥڤ񶫵ƺΣ̼ѱʶƣٴνսݱ
һҽ֮ʾȻܿƿܣһĹ򣬲֮¡Ҷ΢֪Ǹʦû뵽ԷһҲͬСơ
ʵڽУʦһΪ֡һǱǿһǱǿһǣܽǿĿ¡
ڵһ֣ΪĿܣûȡ°ҫ
ҫһƵֱն֮ʱ߿ܾȻû̱ʧܣ巢һζε
˲仯˫š塢ʣ۱ԭһڣͺһֻצһ㣬ٶȿľˣҫʵʵҫһʱȻѲ
ԶĵؿѰҫ֮ʱ˫һչֱɶϵľݷٵתƺڵʲôᣬòȡơ
ʵȵĲ񶫣˫ϾƵġֻ񶫱ܹҶƣʮָڶ֮ƳҫһɭЦ
ͬʱڰҫҪþʮɹ֮ʱŵһֵĴ̱ζ
ҩζҩ
䣡
һ죬쳹ۡǸۡһЩҲǱݺݵһҫһڵһ㣬Աըɳ֮߰Զ
еİҫã¶ദطðŵḷ́һѪѪϢڰҫըɳȥһ̣ؿչµ˫ۣ絯һ㣬Űҫ˵ķ˦ȥ
ݷɶܣһ㳯ŰҫնȥԴѲһߡ
˫ôõģҶֻΪûôֿЦ
Ҷıһ߸Ծ𣬶񶫵ԴһͺȥһƵƷ磬ɳʯĶԷ۽֮ϣ졣ƷոԱضá
ڤƣƵɥꡣ
ҶһƣŵѰƨǣ񶫿ɲͨߡ
ֻ˫۶ҶһƻڶԲܵҶ֦ǣѸٵĳ£ȥ˫𽥼٣ǲҶ֦˫ǣ£ǰ֮γһֱԼһɴС̫ͼΡ
Ԫ̫ƣĪˮ
ҶĵСƵɥꡯݺݵĺ̫ͼ֮ϣǿֲƾ̫ͼκɢЩ̫ͼεҶ֦ǿļʸܱȥǽ֮һƬСֳĿģɼһƵʵǹھ
Ȼ̫ͼαɢҶĵһҲͬΡҶ֮Ŀ񶫡ʱ񶫣Ǵһ˿ѪҲͬעҶġ
Ȼ׺һƣҲ˵ˡ
ؿҫҪݷɶܷʬ֮ʣһ֮һӰҫ߽סȡڽڷɶܵľ֮ϣսתֱ΢ƽһɶٴһɶܡ
ɶܱһᾢεĿԼı֮ϣֱڽ뽣֮ת֮ͣһ˦һнʱɶܵٶȱ֮ǰҫʱ򣬻Ҫ֣ĳŵؿȥ
˰ҫʵ͵ˣֻĺìܣԼ׸òóҫͬС
ʵҫըʱаϲҫΨһİʯҲһĽᡣҫǿԺ󻹻ǿܲζۿݷɶܾҪѰҫʬ֮ʱеһ˿֮ģսʤ˶ʼ֮ǣȡ
ҫʦܣ˹ϢɡŤͷ˵
ҫҡҡͷȭлϵ˿أʵҲûô⡣ŵҩζһ˲䣬ö͹ļͷ΢λá巨ȫļѸٱڵѸٵסԼ
˵ǽԼѧķ֮õ˼ޣֻอ΢ܵ𵴣ƤСˣ߳ɡ־ҵıը֮£ֻܵƣѾǲеˡ
ҫϥתϢš

ɶؿнߵľʱһڶģķɡ
˫ףѻ٣ؿ°ɣȻʦ𽻴񶫿ˣ˵
ˣͲȥˡ
ǲ˸ˣҲһģͬĻҵλʦ֡ҼȻǵǰˣҵλʦ֣ǾûأɭȻһЦ
ҫ˫Ŀŭ˳𣬽ոյϢָߵ£Էķ򣬷ȥͬʱһŭȣ񶫺ëֱ
񶫣ҪǵһͷҰҫ췢ģ֮꣬ҪĿѪɺӣݡ
һָоҫĻ˵óĵ
ҶһۣҲ񶫣ҫ׷ȥҫϵסԷͥԺ֮ʱǰľΪ֮һͫѸС
ͥԺ֮һƬǽ壬漸ܵĲ֫밵ͥԺģվˡ
ڵϣϺüҪһöǾνλʦˡƮƮ̱ڵϣ۾ֵĿվһ½ǵ֮ˣʮ֮ࡣǷ۵СһƬɷףɢӣС֮ϣдʡ
ҲҪȰҫ磬ҲҪȰҫ硣
ǰһӰҫߣᱧڻУڰҫ֮ϣĦţϲ԰׵Сϣ΢΢һЦڵȵҫˣҫûµģֻƤ˶ѣʧѪеˣȥѵǣҳ
ҫ˵ͷ˸СԴһͷһŴ֮£ķ£ϡ̬ҫΨһľ
ʱҶҲ֮ϵǰҵֳüͷ壬ֿ˿񶫵ʦ֣תƮƮʱüͷĸˣĬĬƮƮߣ°ŶԷƺڽ̸ʲô
ҫҶ˵Ҷģͷʱչһߺܿͺáûһ˿Ļ纮¡
Ҷĵ˵ͷߡ
ҫתתͨһĿѨڶѨθ嵽̫׾ʱ˳ƹͨ
оˮһ㣬ӿҫʱͻƵʵ·ԴԴϣ֮ǰðŵȻʼϡ֮ǰ˵อҲͬʱ޸˵״̬õĲٺá
ҫµԴ͵һ̧ɺ˫ۣͷҪƤٽһţݼҪҧݣ·
Ҫǣ~~~ҫĻٳ˶һ
񶫵ʦ֣һҧһ꣬ɫĪҪΪҶˣͳϵˣƴҲùȰǻǷҶˣĿڡ
飡
껰û˵꣬Դͱҫһ߱ԽѪˮһء
Ҷ˫һɣаÿ죡ƮƮǸЦ۾Ϊǵ˫ۺеϰҫĶܣʲôʱǰģ
ҫͷͬȥÿһϵɱ֮Ũһ֡ߵԷǰʱɢɱҪʵʣϢ
񶫽ʣһʦֵ֣ĿŰҫѣҪλǴһĵʺζҫɱŵʺ
ҫסԷļ֮߬סԷ˫ۣһ˺˫ۻ˺ϡ
~~~~~~
˿ڴѪƺӷӿŶԷҵĺҶġƮƮΪ֮һƮƮǰͷؿ֮УҿѪȵĻ档
ҫץסԷĲӣָ׼˫ۣҪ۶
ҫ磬ˣʹɡҫĶСҫڶԷϵƣһԷļϣֶһԣȥ
Ҷʱ˵ͷ֮Էȥ
ۣ֮֮㶯ۣȫʬǰҫۡ


ʮһ ӱ
ҫԷŮҩҶҲԸ˽ͥԺɨɾͬʱõĴΪΡ񶫣ʧӰˡ
ҵǣϣ˲ûȥôءڹСɣ壬˿ڲֻеʧѪ࣬͸֧ѡ
˼Ѫָķӣҫˣ⼸첻Ҫ䣬Ҫ̫ͣľò˶þͻȬ
ĻҫеĴʯǷˡ
ҫĴߣǱС֣ϸ˵ѾͷԺҪˣ򲻹ܣ˵ġ
ЦЦŰҫ飬صʵҲûʲôֻЩѲĺܣ˲ʹ֪ƣ룬ҲǷ˺ôĹŽʰġҫ磬Ӣ䲻
˵꣬Сڰҫ֮һ£ֵİҫͺ񱻿ˮ̹һ㣬һƬͨ졣
ʵն˵Ĺϵʹз⡣ֻǰҫ뷨е㴫ͳ»ڶҹȽϺáɽͣҪТأʱ֪ĸڡˣʵǼǿĴڡ
Ҳ˼ɣԼʱҲǺģһ뵽ԼǼ˸ڵĵдֱӱһˮҪǸɶˣصԼļʱԼԻѰҫŪ
ҫһڵ˵һ˽Ƕʮ߿ܴݻٵġ㲻ǸƮƮһô֣ЩҲ£ҲЩˡңʱڸ
˵һʱҫѾʼ˫עֻҪĻе뷨һ£ôҪúý̽ĳЩôˡ
һ̾˵վԭؿżֻٿԼĿܡ
ҫ˵ͷ̸˼䣬ú뿪ˡŰҫȥҡҡͷЪϢˡ
ҫһɷƮƮԷǰһͺȣƮƮҹ
ʱƮƮԷڣֹһˣҲڡ˴򿪷ţǰҫı飬ֱ䣬Ƕ˺ǲ졣
ƮƮü΢壬ʵҫҹʲô裬СҲǳġ
Ҳڵҫʦܣҹˣ֪к棿
ƮƮ֮ǰϮʮ߿ܵΧƲᡣɲԸңΪ¹࣬·ûгһ㣿ҫƮƮʵ
΢΢һ֮̾ǰͥԺаƮƮʱѾ֪¡ƮƮҫʻԺҲǿһҫʦˡ
ƮƮһߣҫҲԼʲôʲôʸңСеˣҪϢˣҲ
ҫԴһᣬ΢΢Цɭޱȡ
üͷһ壬ڽ֮ϡ
䣡
ƮƮӰԷڱͬʱһԺ֮УеıѺۣǺѪңŭ뾪壬˴ʱ̬Ǳ
û뵽ȥһƢİҫôĴһԲϣֱӶ֣֪ҫѾˣԼˣˡ
һ춯ҲҶģʱվԺԱߵ֦֮ϣ̬ķչ
ҫƮ䣬֮У˫ĿֱƮƮ
ƮƮһΣʱڸ
ƮƮһתѹסڷѪҪҪ֪Լûһ𸴣ҫԲưոݡ
ûҾԹˣΡСǿ˳ۣһˣһҰ֣ƾʲôҸʦǰšҵĺʩᣬͶڽͷˣǳԴһ£֪жҲˣʱѹҶˡҽҪһѵЩĶú÷ʡʡƮƮʱѾȫûǿԣЪ˹ģͬ踾Űҫš
ҫ˫ȭ߬ޱ飬ƮƮȥ
һٶһҫոͻƵĲΣʵͻͽ֮ǰһȫܹоĵʱĹ³ϳҶ⣬ûסκ¡ҪƮƮ֣ԼƴȫҲ¡
彫ƮƮԼ˵ҫʦܣµȷƮƮĲԣ뿴յͬһŵϣĹһءƮƮҫʦܵǸ
ʦ֣Ĵˣɽׯ֮ռԼʵǿ޷죬ҶֳĹӦ𡣡ƮƮԽԽţǵˣɴһݣֱӵﵽˡ
һԣʹﻢ£кǰգѾͷôôϣͲһʱ֮ôӳ
ƮƮУԼиλСؽģݲ±˱ǿЩǿˣ㲻뵽ͼǿȥԽǣҲ̹Ȼȥǡ˱Թڳ֮⣬ʲô
ҫûж֣ƮƮ߲һ仰ͬһţ֮Щ£ƮƮܻô
ҫߵ£̧ͷҶ˵ҶģҪɱǶˣô
Ҷ΢΢һаЦᡣ
ʱƮƮľͺҪĳһ㣬侲ôһ˲䣬ڸе˿־뺦¡Լոն˵ʲôʧķôҫҪɱԼԼûȥΪԼո˵ĻڣԼơ
ҫŤͷ˵ʦ֪֮֮Я֮Щ㹻ˡǽһΣ´Σȱ~~~ɣ
ҫ˵֮һ˲˱һ͵ɱ¾֮ʹƮƮ˻һڡ
֮ͷҲص뿪ˣҶҲ䵽棬˿ˣڵƮƮҲ֮ǰжཿǽ֮£ԺǲҪٷˣʹҫ֣ҶҲȡڽУӣȣһɳܵΪ
ҶĵΪϬĶŶˣ漴ҡҡͷ뿪ˡ
ƮƮǱݽҪ촽˫۷ỨίȴûΪԼˣΪԼűҶĸҫҪǿʵʹԼˣǶҲҪšֲ̬˼άĲԺ֮С
忴ƮƮϧģв̣䱧ڻУڶԷ񱳣ƮƮԼзʹޡ
УյȷƮƮˡҶҫǿƣԼȴûȥһеķжԻǿʵκʱҪС
ƮƮˣĳ˵Ѿҫʽѡ
ڶ죬ĸˣ԰ҫҶľգƺת̡֮
ڵ峿ĿҲĻ͹ǰ㣬εİĻ͹Ŀڶ԰ҫ˵İϢֻһ֮ڣͬ籩һϯɱֽİɱɡ
ЩڴİɱɣʼԥϾɣʵǵ̶ʵ֤˰ҫ˾Բǿµ򡣷һֻƤͻһͷͻǰƤǡ
֮ԾȬˣġo˪ﵽĲ㣬ʵСνø
ƮƮ˵ûٳڰҫǰ˷·ڿһ㣬òͶǷԸԷ֮С
ֱٴγ֮ʣ˲ղƮƮ˵ĸоʼԲͬ
ȥ̬߰Խ֮ƮƮĸ߰˺ǶġɴʱĶˣֵ̬ƽ졣
ˣҲǺ£ԺҲٲٵˡҫҶͬʱ
ҫ½ǣ˫ˮĴֱۣĶŰҫһ˿Īĺ塣
ҫĵ˵ͷ֮ͨЩʱҪ˵һͻ׶Է롣
뿪ǣǰĿĵأ̫ɽ
뿪ǲʮʱǵıؾ֮·ϡһ׵ߣˣһķǰеĺŲˮߣֱվһ겻꣬ǱϹϾģͷС
߿ȥȻԸߣ˵ľӯһ˫ϸ˫ۣӿһϯ۳ĵеɷǵζ
࣬ӱأסλȥ·һ²λ󣬷ʳѰ΢Цص
ҫ˰䱸֮ǰǾ仰߲ư
ҫȭʵ֪ǰʺ£֪޲ԡ
ӱص˵ͷЦ㣬ǫѷˣʵѵðλ¼λʦֶ
ҫʵ֪ǰļλʦֶ˭
ӱһУɭĻصǱP奾ţ֪λ
ӱ˵֮󣬲ҫˣֿʼԹԵĺŲˮ
ƮƮס˫۴£Ҷĵ˫۽ӱأҫȭͷ߬ţ˰תȫ䱸š
ҫʵɵˣ
ɣִϡ
λʦֶǶˡ
Ŷںδ
ڵظأôȥģǰȥǰɡ
ӱط²豭Űҫˣҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ~~~ջòһӾԭα¶ˡҲΪǣȻɱɵˣҪиһ˰ɡ
ҫޱ飬ɭĻصǲأ
ӱɫһ䣬еɱ쳣
Ҳԣ¾ͳɡ


ʮ ʥ֮Ϲ
ʵӱسǰʱҶѾ͵͵Ľַڱƣʾʱ֡
Ҷҫһۣ΢΢ͷȻԷ⣬ҲҪ˵ʲôϻˡͬʱգۼӱصǰһȭһƴŷ֮ȥ
߲Ųæ˫ƻǿĶû˿ƿԡɾڶ˵ȭƸսӴ֮ʱһɾκ˰ֱӺɳ֮⡣
ӱҲСһ˿ȣ˵ССͣۺĹܿɹ󰡣
ҫҶ֮󣬿Լ΢鲻ѵֱۣ˶ӱصʵһĹơ
鷳ӡ
ҫа룬˿ҶģԷҲüͷ뷨һ¡
˱֮Ҳˣͬʱǰȴܵӱشء
꣬ӱص£ʵڣҲμļˣ֮ţPʵǲ¡
һ꣬򣬿ģΧɳȣһ⣬ٽϡǿѵˮṦ滳᲻ʹ
һȴĶԱȣĸݣ˫۹ϥݵڵȦ˺ǻǷӪϿȥɶҪ׳˶١Ժŵ˵˼ݵˡ
ϸ߼ˣȴ˿˲֮üһ˫ۣǺЦͬˡֻа֣Żôذ
ݵĽңӸǡŤͷƮƮ˵֮󲻹˶ˣƮȥ꿴Լһͬӭϡ
ףתŲ·ɣ˴֮ʼձ߳ҵľ롣ֻĺֻ⿴Ŀĳʵ쳣Ϊ֮߳ľ룬Ʒ밵ڶ
Ȼûв´ԷȷǸ֣һİֶսĪ˷ܡ
ȴ΢Ծ⿴ᣬ޾׵Ů䰵ȻԼ֮£к߷ߡ
ʱ൱
ƮƮߣҲ꽻֡˫赣ϣһʱ֮䵹ҲռϷ硣ֻǰǹ죬˵Ľôһ֮У֮ٱƻ½۲ϣʵϲûж̫˺
˾ù£ʱУΪֱ̣ѵ棬Ӧɼ˼άݣս츳ʵ
ʵһ£ûбϿôֻǣҶģҫɹâĳ£ҲԵе·˼ˡ
ͺһʦãĽĸ-裬չᣡ
һ䣬ƮƮԴ㡣
ͬʱһתҲ磬ֽ֣ͬһƬ뻡νӰһͷչķˣһкǧֱ걬ȥ޷죬Ȼǿƥ
ѹĻ͹Ŀڽ飬⼸Сһһľ߻պǰ;ضӱƲ˼ۣԼ֮սа̾
ֻһ˿ϸ΢ķ񣬾ͱҫҶ˿ӡҶʩչڤӰ֣֮Ծ֮Զľ룬һƺӱصš
ҫڵľתһ̤棬Ӳĵ汻һ̤֮ȳһСӣһ֮ڵһ㣬ֱӱضȥ
̼ҶģҫӱǰбϷ˫ڰӰͷ­ͷĶȥ
ӱ˲ջ˼˫ǧ򻯣˫ֱۿĲ˼飬·ǧһ㣬ҫǲӰ£ֳɽָͬһֱڰҫӿȪѨ֮ϡ
ҫ׻Բѣձ˶أ֮󣬰׶£˫ԼĴȣ룬Ҫظȵơҫ£üͷ͹ӱأû뵽ֻһУԼ˶ء
ҫȻ޹ˣҶĵѲƫеĺӱص֮ϣͬʱȫζԡ
㿪׷ʹ㲻㣬һˣһܻṥ㡣ȻʵǿҲûǿͬʱ˶ˣþȫ״̬¡
ֻҶҲҫͬһǾС
ӱصͺһǻһ߶ҶɡҶĻ䵽ҫߣ˶ƣЦأ鷳ˡ
ҫŶԷӲҶһƣ˹𿪣һеģǲ⡣
ô£ȫû˵ӡ
ôܻϼһѾʥ֮ǻʹҶƲ
Ҷĵıȿ޻ѿ֮ǰһƣӱصŻоһ֮ʱͱһֿĶ赲ˣҲ˵һƸûԷ塣
ҫͫһҶһ΢ɬ֪ƻǲֹۣһǶҪ
ʥ֮ǵȷͦ鷳ģ
˻˵ҫԴﵽʥ֮һȻֻﵽǰĵزɱԲǹȥȵġ
ҶĸǳʥȫԲںϣǹĪṦǿƷ˻ϣʹӮƽ־ǲڻµġοҲֻǸ߳һζѣôɥɡ
ʵǣԭ򣬵һνǿ֣಻󣬿ɶԷѾǿûˣΪ֣öԷٶȡȡӦ϶ѹһͷʲô˲ļǿһ˲䷴ΪʤԱذɡ
ڶʥ֮ˡ֮УʥΪһףУʥѧϰʥΪڶףʥ֮Ϊڶ׵ײ㾳磬ı仯ǣתɻţҪȥǰ
ȥûʲô˵ģǻת˵Ѿȫһˡʵʣ֮ϣɱһͨһĻݣһ·ôһˣûǵ֡
ȻҪƿҲûа취ǾľĶֳƽͬǴʥ֮Ļȥʴں϶Էһںϣ㲻κε谭ֱӹԷ֮ϡ
ҫҶĶûдﵽ־ڣҪƿӱصĻֱǳ롣
СһٸһλᣬԹԵ־ܰɡ
ӱصҶһ̾·¶ʲôġ
ʱ밫սԽӽβڶֵһСչᡯ֮£Ѿ˲ᡣ£һѪȻ˲󣬵Ϊˡ
ҲûиϢĻᣬɽϣ°ڷͬʱʧѪٶҲԽԽ졣˵ʧѪ࣬㣬ͷۻͷתҲץסᣬһٴκȵ
ʦãĺ-½棡
ƮƮζȻ٣еı磬һһңӰǰ󽻴׹һš
˫۵ɵĹԲϵı鶨񲻶ʺ󾱴Ȫһ㣬ѪӭĲ
껥ٰ֮ʱѾȻζŶԷӸտʼʮöʮöͶööķţܾòŷųһöʶԷѾˡ
ʵİӦ÷ֳʤˡȥʱԼûo˪Ѿܹ׻жԷοڡ֮ԴôãΪѧϰԷ䰵ַķɾ÷˵Ǳߴѧ
ʱİѼþҪѧһЩҲѾȻأôͲڸˡ
һӣȸͺһ˶ɵĶߣֱڸü֮ϣǰԴ˸Դָֻ΢ȸһֻص֮ڡ

һһֵʬ壬ӱصǰƮƮҫҶ
Ϸʵͷĵʵ̫ˣûǽ̺Ŷ
Сһ˵ĲˣҲǻáô˵ҲĵӣôɱˣΪʦңѩ޵ĻҲϰ˵ô
䣬ǷʵʰɱʱǸеһϢ
Ҫ嶯һرʱסһл뿪Ҷ˵
أҫʵ
ģҵṦǶãһܸǡҲ룬Ҳͬھ䡣
ҫ뷨Ҷ˵Լοɽǰ㣬ˡ
ڰҫҶǴƷԸΪ˴϶ֵҶĳ£¶ģһ˿ı仯ԲҶĲܣѡҶĹˡ
ҶִӺһź͵͵Сʹ˸ɫҲǵ˵ͷʾס
Ҷһ۾һɣʮɹڤʩչ£һȵĳӱؼܶȥ
ӱҲͬһᣬҶıȥɭ໹ڤϵķϣһɱҰͽͳͳ~Ҫ~
ҶЦƥҲ·ͷ㿴ʲô
ڶ˻֮ľʱҶĽ̯еĺֱӱص֮ϣһӣЦСһַôûǸŮ޸ء
ƥۻ軨ڤڵģ׻ΣᱬŶ
ʲô
ӱغˣеĺ򶪿һߣϧʱ뵽ȴΪʱȻըѣըѪģ壬ֻѾסˡ
ҶС಻ɱ㣬ĲΪˡ
ϵľʹӱرףһαһϷŪʵŭɶ
ǽȫȼ㣬Ĳ˼飬õƣĪ֮ƣֱҶؿڶȥ
Ҷֱ۽⣬֮󲻶ݺύӰϵУӱ͵ƾ⡣
ڤƣڤԨ
ӱ˫۲Ѫ˿ǿƵƣоԼƾڱжɭȻҶСΪͿԾȵôȷĸ㣬ձɡ
ƥ򣬱˵̫磬ΪڤΪʲôҪ׻֣׻ʶˣǶҲζɡҶͷ󺹣ЩǴмġ
СڤԨѾҪάֲסˣӱصĹʵڿ£ĳҶ˫ƵؿڿӱĵҪȡҶˡ
׻α֮󣬷Բ֮ڣһƬŨ
ҶŤͷŰҫ˳ߣڣǻƲķֻһСᣬߣ
ƮƮֱԾҶӱأԶ۶ȥҫһ˫ȭ߬ţҶĵǲʣҲվһ
ģٲߣһ˭߲ˣӹҶһ󱩺֮ӱصֱͻҶĵ֮ϡ
Ҷ˫һϣþȫֻ۰εץסʹöԷһ˲Ѳ
ҫ½ǣҡҡͷҫҶһ֣סС֡ԶƮƮķȥ
ҶģΪĶܹסҶãģĻȪ·ϲįģ͵
ƥֻǽڣĹһǲʱ䶼ãܱƳˣοǻ뵽ѪҺŶҶɫҰ׵Ц
ʲô
ӱ۾ɵıţۻû뵽ⶾλЧá
ҫ뿪˶εĸǷΧͻȻֹһתһޣԵİҫ
ҫӹޣһ˦˦֮УתӰʽνһСնÿҶģȵ
ҫ΢΢һЦһסҶĵĸ첲Ȼ뽫ҶĳأҶҲϣץסӱֱ۵˫һɣ˳ŰҫֻһգۣѱҫΣԼߡ
ӱɫһ䣬ת׷𣬿ǰ찵һĭֻܱٴλع֮ʱǰһƬŨĻаҫ˵Ӱ
ӱһҧȥ׷֮һͷΣûˤϽϥڵ״̬á
ѪҺת˫һƬģͷ΢ʹת֫վ˵ȥ׷ˡ
ˣû뵽ⶾεĶңλ﷭ˡ
ҫҶ˿񱼳֮ԶֱҶ³һѪͣϢƬ̡
ҫһڴ˵Ҷģ˹ϢɣϼһһʱҲ׷СЪһᣬȥǻϡ
ҶҡͷЦоΣڵϢҵﱻƣйһβ棬ʲôϢ


ʮ ֵɽ
ʲô
ҫ˷ɱҶߣֱš
Ҷ·ܵʲôһ㣬æ˫֣µģûгʶһǡo˪һǡ񹦡һһͬʱ̽ҵľƽմǲôĥ𣡡
ЦҫҲһЦ˳ǱˡѰߣﱻƣʹҪҪҲĻ䡣ȻˣʹʧҲаֵĴ
ҫʾԼߵͷף˿һԡҫҶĵţһ˿̽룬˵ĵжء
巽Ʋأãֻǵеɢ߰˳ɣʧҪɢҫջ̾Ϣҡͷ֪ôҶ˵
νǵдĵطʵÿ˶ֻǸоѡڹķΪоĴڣͬʱͨɣ伤ʹ봢
סʹеԼʧһεıĤշĶʹб˵̽뵤ֻҪԼԸ⣬ен赲⡣
ԵﱻƣʧȥɢҲȫʧ⣬һβ档
Ȼ޾ԣﱻҲ˵ȫûа취ȥȵģ¼ҵġ
ˣˣһģ͵ﱻʲô˵ģСүɽܴ򻢣ºûµġҶĿĳҫ֪ôȥڣ´ԼģȿЦ
ҫ뿪ڰο䣬һ
Ҹոĳ˵ﱻƣ֪λƮƮŹЦݣ߳һͬе˫͸¶Īζ
ҶЦңʲôô
ǳĬƮƮҲЦһôˣ񹦸ҶĴȻҲнգ޳
ҫһ䣬˵˵ôϻ·Ҫϼһò˶ãͻ׷
ȵȣлнǧ֮ԶŸ·ְŵģ·ٷʲôǵġƮƮסҫȥ·
һҪأ
ҫ쳣ϬֱƮƮ٣еı˽죬ȴס
ҫʦܣҶϣʵǲʺϸһ·ԶСɱַϾѱȫ
忴һȻ̬ʵȻͿҶĲˬˣƽ裬ҫ֦ͬѹġȥҶĹڣ֪Уֻܽڶ¡
ʱãҶһϣԼҲαװȥˣ뽫ֱһ߿
֪ҶĴôã϶в٣ֻҪﱻƵϢһ©ò˶ã˱ɱǰʱıˡ
ҶʼոԼһˣʹϢ©ɱšҲаҫ赲ʱԼҲʣɲҪĽ
ȻѰҫʵѹһͷĻҪôϻֱǿϵˡ
壬ƮƮҾлֱ˵ˡν˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ҶĴŴγƻرѣǲҪҸҫ֣ҪҪƤ¡ĻɳӰֻҪɵӣǾָ˭
ƮƮҧгݣɱ˵ĻѾ⽴ˡ
ƮƮüͷ˵ãɲô˵
ˣûʲôģĻҵĻ·ɣĻҫϣҲգҡҡͷסƮƮĴֱָϻһ̡֡
ᣬһҫˣһ
Ҷվ˸ŰҫЦֵܣľˡңôԺͲֹ׷ɱˣҵĳҰ
ҫգգƤҶǰ˫סӣһһ˵Ѿģ㶼ֵˣΪֵܵһᶪ㲻ҰҫֵܣһҵֵܣˣҲҰҫֵܣûУشˣ
ףס
ҫɿʱҶߵһƬףижϻҪ죬Ҫ̡
ʱҲЦҶĴ磬ûµģ˵ҪָƵĵѣҲ޷롣жǣڰҫ֪֮ˣǼˣԺ󶨻㸴ԭ
ҶЦŰ˰֣ǰȥҫС֣Сһ죬ǵĻɽ֮С
һʱ֮ӱػչڵĶ֮߰ˣֵҲѾֹѪ̶׷ϰҫˣҡֻ뿪εķΧ֮ǰվˣסȥ·
һ˵ӱأ׷ˣҫ˵ȡɸȥɡ
˵ƺڸǹͳĲ˰ڣڸʵʵ˿ࡣصĸоӱ˿С֮ġ
֪Ǻˣӱرȭ˵
㲻Ҫֻ֪Ҫ֪һ¾͹ˣǾ̹ȥţʸʹ¡˻ص
ӱüͷ壬ҧִҪʹأ
ûּۻ۵أǹȥԼɡ˼Ϊǿƣӱأ˼ĺסҪôԹԵĻȥҪô£ûе·
ӱ麹֪ǺãνƱǿ״̬㣬Է۴ϣԼռƣóȻ֡
ֻǾû˵ĻȥԼʦֶԼҲǳԲ˶ߣʵΪѡ
˿ӱصľ̬лһͭƣ֮˵ӱأϵã
ӱһƣŵ촽ˢһ±ĲҰޱȣһ֣תȥͺ˹Ƶá
ǵĽų̣ǻܸϵô
ϲҲøϣζҪõ񷱦
̫ɽĵֻ̣ˣ¡
ǣӦ䣬׷˵
ˣһһ̸ţ֮һ£ȥ
ҫҹ·ڵ죬̫ɽڵҶıϹҫ˸ľܽϣټˣڹСɣӲǿŻٶܴҴҸϵ
һ·ϿνоգҲνɱһЩСɫ˵ʵӦȻǲڻ¡
ڵһջ֮ڣΧԲԡһߺȾƣһŽɽһ¡
ҶָתžƱһֳֻ°ͣڵ̫ɽѾܽˣûϿ˯þ
ûôܣУȻĵطҫʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦĵĽ͵֪Ļ̫٣Уصĵطȥˡķֻ˵֮ڣؾ
Ҷʾ¡ҶĵĻҲĺġ
ҶİһۣǲĴϣȱƣٴοڣһݾǣ˵Ϲżľ񣬼ϹĺҲйǰȥѲ飬ֻǼûһ˻Żһ̫ɽˣ̫ɽһǡûκһɵָΪפɣʵΣһҹ֮䶼ʧӰ٣ͺ˼һ㡣
ƮƮŹǷ˵ҶģҲ̫Σ˰ɣȥ˵ˡ
ʮ㿪ʼ߽ˣϲϡ˵Ʒɣס̫ɽϣôûɸҲԭ򣬾ͺܺýˡɵĵ̣˭Ҳ㣬Ǿ
ҶĵĻ˽һ㶡
ɣ

ڶգ̫ɽɽ£ףʫ续ľɫһ˳ʼɽ
ⶼİɽôãһҪú棡
Ʋ֮УնƤЦĿŰҫɽȥ


ʮ Ⱥ
ɽųơųơ̫ɽΪ֮һݺļ츣֮һɽ֮ϣڵɽ֮Уɾһ㣬ãɫ֮Ŀ
ۼľɫڰɽİҫ
~~~~~~
ҫ̲סжǰ澰𺳣һХ淢ԼԻɽ֮ĸ̾ҫХֹֻ֮ͣ˫ۺ£̧ͷ֮ϣ˷·ʲôվԭһ
ҫеͺܵʲô̼ƵãͻȻϢʱֵͬҰľߡ
ƥɷǵûг廵Ծһ˿˿Ǳɽ֮ǰ˽֮һ
˫֮ʱֲʧ鶯һǽ֮Ħž졣֮һ˲֮ĸо
ҫ磬ϲأ
ΪҶ򾳽ٶ츳û뵽Сӱһϲ
ҶĵĵأƮƮĿɿڴ
ƽǵõɽű֮ʱҫĳ֮ѵԲոͻƣǴﵽʥ֮
Ϊ֤ʵе뷨ǰʵҫʦܣͻƵʥ֮ˣ
ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷصոսǰʱͻƣѵʥڡʵϴ跥֮ʱͻƵʥ֮
۾ɵĹԲҫλˣʱ䣬ѾʥͻƵڣʲô츳ֱ˵츳ˡ
Ǳ㹧ϲҫʦˣʦ츳ʵ̾Ϣһ˵֮Ҳˣɽȥ
ƮƮеʧǵζŰҫ˵ߺޣһҲ׷ȥ
ҫŶ˵ľٶǷѽ⣺Ҹո˵ʲôôûаˣأ˵ôΡ
ҶֱۿڰҫļϣЦСӿǱˣ˵ƵãЦʥڵľ磬ǾƪϽʣĵֵҪҪھͿʼ
ҫЦҾڹȴĺã˵ոͻƣӦʤ׷ν̰ãҿɲһеĸ֡ǵҹ˾磬ٿʼɣ
ܺãҵ̽ǶˣΪᱻͻƾʵͷԣҶˡҶĻص
ǵȻԳȣ츳ʣҰҫ綼һһġŰҫֱۣĿĿгΪ֮⣬һ˿˿İĽ֮顣
ҶʵܲԼǰһ˵ҫţ˰ѵһ콾˰ɣ˵츳ӣ浱ҿ츳Ҳҫ٣Ҳʥ֮˰ɣ
صǰҫԾһأŶСѾͷʲôʱͻƵģô˵أ
ûѽͷһɿ˵ģ
СˣҲ˵ˣҲˣɽɣҶֹţŶˡ
һЦҶģɽ
ҹּ䣬Χڻԣʳ
Ʋ֣Դ֪ҫͻ֮󣬾Ե쳣ĬžĻɫĻ棬ӳġ
ҫҫ嵽ﲻˣʻ츳Ҷ֮£Ϊеĺ˶Χ㣬Ϊеĺôþ⵽ΪΣ
ϣһˣڿӵоɾʱǴӲȥܶԷȡóɾʱĴֻͣһй鹦ӶԹԼΪûʱ԰ҫĿˡ
Ҳܹôȥ룬ҫʱ̣ɹҲһ˳ʱͨɽܾ֮ǵ衣ʦ֮ѧûзɹս˷
ͨʵҲͬǴСսϡЩ˿ûĥ־Ҳȫû֮ģʹԸԽԽȣǿűǿػҲԽԽᶨ
꣬־ȣᶨˣܲǿ
ع񣬿ŰҫĿУŲʣżʣŹȥеԹ
ҹϯض˯Ϩе΢磬֦Ҷɳɳ졣
~~~~~~
һ֮˾ѣҫܣʱһ
ܵһƬڣһ͵Ĺ֮һԣ·𵼻һ㣬ɫĹ㣬һƬĳ֣Ĺ㣬Ѿ嵽жʰΧ֮ƣΧסͬʱҰ˻˵ĶС
Ⱥˡ
~~~~~~
ԶһҰǵһ֮󣬷·ӦΧеҰǽͷС֮ȫſѪڣŰҫɱȥ
ҫһȭһֻҰǣĹǶϽۣͺȵ壬ƮƮǻҶġҳ֣Ҫðڷء
ͷʾףѰҫΪģͣĽƮơֻ˫ӣÿһöֱ䴩һֻҰǵͷ­ÿ졢׼֮־衣
ҫȭ**ӣˣڵӿȣԼҪӦոͻƵľ磬ǿýȺҰǣúô
ƮƮվҶߣ令סʹҰǽӽҲǵĽ¡ƮƮʮֵĲԸ⣬ĸԸôܻҫ
ֻӣ㱻סʾҪ嶯Ҳֻܷ߷߲ƽĸҶġ
û׸ˣߣƮƮƲҶһ̵ۣ
ҶһνģЦǻƽȮۣǳ̲ϺϷҫٵȥûûˣȥҵУȺɢȥ
ҫͷʾףʵҶ˵ҲȥΪȺʵ̫ˣɽХ̣ǾˡڵвϵĴܳһֻֻҰǣ·޾һ㡣ҫɱǵٶȣѾҰӵʼеƣڱˡ
ҫ磬ȥģҶס
ţСһ㡣
ҫż㣬Ұľ壬緢ķ򣬼ܶȥ
ѾʹðΪİˣҲͣЪġǾ͵ȡģҶ֦ϵʯӣ֮Ͻɱ
ʱҲǰæһһһʱ䵹Ҳصܲ͸磬ֻ֪ıس˶ãĻָٶȸĵٶʱֻܱȺûȫʬ
ҫвͣķɴܣǲʱ䣬һСɽ֮ҵ
Ӱ֮£ͷУ˫׹˫ǰİҫԵ쳣ɭѪ
ͨѩףûһ˿ë׶Ȼ㼫Ϊ׳צޱȣ¹֮˸ɭȻĺ⣬ѪĿŰҫҧĽзһͺ
ҫһ̤ߵĴ˻ֱȥ
~~~~~캿С
ͻȻڵУͷ֮СͷǣŰҫɶȥ
ҫһЦһŤռת˫ȭʹݺݵĺǰֻͷǵԴ֮ϣѹ档
ǣ
ͷͷѵ죬صּ䡣ֻͷǽ֮Ҳͣɽһһٴҫȥ
ֻͷֻ˵һ룬ͱֻǿĴסӡҫ˫ƽչֻͷǵڰա
ֻͷܾ˫צͣץŰҫСۣǸı۰˿ͷǵצƤûƿ԰ҫ˵·һ㡣巨ķ˵Ʋ϶⣬ҲЩƿģοͨĸǷϺü
ҫ˫ŤֻͷǵĲӣֻֽʬһߣ֮һĳȥ캿УҫĽŲˣҲʶǰԲǡ
ҫ̣Ŷأĳȭ˳ƺƷ紺ը죬ȭƼңҪ͵ػС
ⱬһȭͷ­߾֮ʱûзӦֻŅ̀ͷ­ֵĿҫ
ڰҫȭ£ǱһȻһҧߡ
ҫæסΣһշأ𾪵Ŀ⿴ߵķҲѹˣǰȻһǳǳ˵ľ
ǴˮͰߣɫͫ׽ŰҫȫɫƬɢŵĹΣͷ֮һССǣĿⳤȴɶ೤һȦȦڵ棬ֱŵͷ­Űҫһһͷѵİҫһᡣ
ҫһĭͷ⿴ξͷƤ飬ڵĵţ׼֮ս
һһһ֮ãҫһ亹̫Ѩϵ䡣Ҷǰľͬһλ֮ϵľ֣ǿҵѹȸУҴ
ҫˣ֮顣̶ֳȵޣ˭ܲ£
֮УһǺҰǳڰҫߣǾȻȥߵİҫĿžȥʧּ䣬ˡǰȫû֮Կĵ
Ƭ̣Ҷ֮ϵǰľ䷴Ӧҫһȫ
ҫ𶯣ǺȻεޡʵӮϣûУֻΪĸ͡Ҷĵ֮ԳһСָϡ鼮ֻһ۾ϳǰԭ͡
ǰӵ࣬˿ûһ˿ľŸУɫ˫һ˿Ĳм·ڸˣ˶ûʲô˲𣬽ֲı䡣
漴ͷ­һ̧ʬУſѪڣһھͽ븹У֮ٴζˡ
һڣŵ©һġֻǣֵ鷢ˡֻһתߣʧںҹ֮С
һߣҫͬйƤȫڵءҫ˿ҶģԷҲͬ˹һЦ·˵
ǳʶˣû뵽̫ɽ֮оȻޣǴ۽簡ҫǿգ˵
Ҷ˶ֽţ֫ڻصУϡŹֵĶأԺ֪ˣ֤㲻˽
ҫЦҡҡͷǰ˵ҫ磬̵סȻǼӵһ黹һҹġ
ҫԴЦСѾͷ㵽Ǹ߿ҫˣո̰ǱŵãǶ˵أһͷŵĲҶ
ĿҫĴ֣󣬶ź׾һԹϱ˵ҶĴ綼˵ˣسεޡʵģ£Ϊǣ޲ɼڲõĽʲôµĸо
У԰ҫԺĳɾͣôäĿĳģܾνİɡ
ҫعͷУһϰԵٴθǧ˿
ɵϣҿɲܹҵ

̫ɽĴУֱʡȻأǰܶȥϢ֮䣬һǰΧͣתͷ­Ṱ˹ļ򣬿ɵģͺֺƵá
ͷ­Լҵĳһ㣬ˬʵЦݣ۲죬ȥɡ
֮һԾͷ­֮ϣȥһףһĹ֮Ҳϡ


ʮ ɽׯĹ
գ֮һ⣬Ⱥɽۣ֮һ
ҫ³һߵջص֮УѱϹҶ⣬ҲҲˡԴʶӢ֮˶˯ˣ֪̫ɽлʲôءǣѵء
ֻ⣬Ǿ̫ɽôƷɡ̫ɽɽ壬ʶΪɽ塣з塢ศΧ֮С廷
ڵɽ壬ǻɽ塣ɽǰֻ˵ȥ̫ɽѰƷɰæû˵ɽ尡
ƾˣƾϸһأҲδѰûɽ㣬ǽд룬ȻΧС˺ܶ࣬Ҳ罭һڱϣҵĳ̶𲻴
˵ǣҫЦˣɣûԵҲǿ󲻵á
ٴɽȥҫ˵һпɡ
ٽƻ֮ʱ嶥֮һСɽ֮ϣɽ·Աߣһۡ
ۡСһ¥У㸱¥ֱһСɽ֮ϣмʯΧ¥ۡɽɽС棬С֮Ϸֲһ·һֱ쵽ۡſڡ
ҫ˿֮ۡʱһϲ˵ƷɵĸۡΪ˵̫ɽǽƷɵĵ̣Ϊ˭⻪ɽ֮㡣˼ӿ첽ϵۡſڡ
ֺۡǹ죬îɽׯ˶ƣѵƷûôһŵ֡
ҫǰţһһͨͨ˴򿪴ţĿˣʵ˭
ҫȭ˵֪˴ǣƷǰĸۡ
ҡҡͷ˵ҴˣҼүȥѰҰɣ
ʲô˾һ
ƮƮǰõһˣȻǣǲ֪ߵغǼү
ҫüëһ壬һĴСƢַˡ֮ǰǼİҫΪԷɳӡ֤Ǿ仰Ĳ˳ʺ
ʦã񡣡ƮƮһۣһԡ֮ǰȭЦλС磬Ҽʦãһ߽¡ͷСɷͨһˣɫҵѰ˲޴ţɷڹ󱦵ؽһޣ峿뿪
˵˵ͷȺԼȥʾˡ
ߣôļӣŶǽһۡôʲô˲ġƮƮǲм
ҫ˶ƲһۣΪǵŮˣȥ⣬Ϊ˴
Űҫ˵ıģ̾˿ǰ˵ʦãΪʲô㵽ڻԣҪô裬ֻԼ֣֮סûпɽûб˵һУһĴСƢɡ
ƮƮվǵͷһԣԹԵıѵţҲֻĴʦֲѹס˹ֻ⵽ı
Լһʱ䣬ٴδţ˵ǼǣѾ׼˿ͷЪš
ҫ˸ˣ¥ĴһŹȵˣòѹϡ֮꣬һƲϣ˹ᾣÿᷢһҵĿԣ״̬粡ӡ
˿ҫ˽ǰӭӣɿŹȶĶվ
˿ӲŹȲΡΡŵæǰסͿ˼Цλ屧δܳӭӣһî֣λ
ҫæǰȭ˵ׯˣҵȲ֪ׯдţ
îЦŰ˰֣ԭλЦë£λĺдλſʵҰȥ׼һƣһỹλ磬λķ䶼ѾʰˣʲôҪܷԸ˼ɡ
ҲЦݵ˵ׯÿͣҵȱϵ硣ˣׯׯһˡ
ʱǣ֪޲ԡ˿˼˿ص
֪ׯ˵Ʒɣ˵ǰ̫ɽ֮ڣֻҵϢ㣬ſѰ޹ׯׯ֪ˣ֪һ
ĻîΪ֮һ㶣漴̾һҡͷ˵֮˭֪ܲʹ಻ˣҲĽѾãֻλпǰһˡ
Ҷüʵׯ˻ν⣿
î˵Ĳ£վ˵λһǰһ֪
˻һҫж΢΢һ˵˼ƺ̫ɽ֮Уǰˡ
ҫһ̾Ҳûʲôͷֻܴ˸îȥֻûз֣ԵԴ۾һգգĶîıӰ
îԱµĸ¥֮Уڸ¥ǽӽʮɳͥԺУҫţֱĿŲԶһĹдšƷ֮Ĺ
ʮǰòɽ֣ѡ̫֮ɽ൱˴֮ʱĹԴڡʱҲһʵ޵µĽɣȻѾ޳
îĻ˻ع񣬵Ҳٶʲô˼Ѿ͵ĹˣƷˡ
ˣλ֧Ȳˡһ籸ãǰ֪ͨģλԱ㡣˵꣬˵Ĳ뿪ˡ
Ĺǰҿ˿ߵĹķذǣֽذһ˿룬̽ŷذһС
Ƭ֮ջƣǰҡҡͷ˵̽ˣȷһκǡ
ҫЦǷ糾͵ĸϵѰİ˼ҾȻѾݺȥûԵɡ
ɣҲû취飬ϾֻǸ˵ʵﶼûסڿ˵ģֻûȥһýǰķˡ޵ΣɵвʱŰҶסҫļ򣬰ο
ûµģֻһ·ǧ࣬ζԵǻ㱻ϹΪѰģĽʵҺܲİ
ʵֹģÿһ˵жܲζһ·أ˲Զĸϵ̫ɽȴˮһգôôҽʵ
ڴһƽĵʧʱƮƮȴڵƷôɽ֮ǱֵɡСܹˣԺǸ߸·˭ҪپԷ
ЦһƮƮ˭˭ˡãִٺòֻǣպʲôվɲҪŶ
УѱСʦֵ֣ҪҲδ̫Ϊ˰ɣķ̣ƮƮǸðҲĻǺ
ˣ˵䡣֪ʦ֣˼Ρ
ŮԣðҫƵ飬ˣ̲סںֹŮȴƮƮߣ˵ҵ˼ʦһҫʦܣûвɢϯȻǰԼݺȥǱȥѰҸԵĻԵɡʦܣǽټ
Ǽ̬ȣҫ֪ԷѾ¶˾ģԼҲûһ˿Ҫ¸о漴ȭ˵Ǿǰףʦһ˳ｭˡ
㼪ԡʦʵɾҲϵ֮¡Ҳǹ˹ֿ
ⲻ֪˽յĿ׻ڲõĽǳΪʵǺҲ
ʱһǰƾԱãһͬǰȥ¥硣
һζȣʵûȥԡǿĵһǶ׵ģ˼ҺóԺסд⼸زʶˣʵǺѵˣҪٲ飬Եе㲻ʶ̧ˡ
˷׷ͷƳԣʱʱĻ֮î岻Ҫϯ𣬱ϵ˲뿪ˡ˼ȥҲûȤٳȥǰǿֵĸ¥ͷϢȥˡ
ҹ˯ȥ֮󣬰ҫҶĲݶ֮Ϻƾơ
ʲô㣿Ҷĺһھƣʵ
֪ʱ֮Ȼûпȥ֮ΰ˵ˣأȫޣһ߽Σյġ
ҾͲˣȻﱻϣҲûʲô˵ģʵڲоͻţϹ޸£븴װ
ҶĵĿðҫоǲ죬ȻԼҵʦΪϹ˵аˣҲеڲ˰ɡ
Ҷ͹һھƣ˿ҫı飬Ц֪ʲôΪϹôģѪҡĻӣȥϵıպǻβջȥ
ҫüһ˵㻹ȥǲ֪ʲôĿģʧһǵļƻ϶Ӱ죬Ͳ߳ŭɱ㣿
ͱˣҼȻһȥôһ׼ģȥô𣡡ҶгģѾóֵ׼ȻԼҲʡ
ҫ˸ν˵ҲЩ¶֮ҼסҰҫֵܣ˭Ҷ㲻ҲĹǡʦҪǸΪ㣬һ£ҰҫҲҪΪƽء
񾭲ˣˡȾƣоƽճճ
֪࣬õǰ԰ô
еľƺһ£漴ͷȸɡ֮󣬸ǹķЦ

ڰҫҶĶ˵ĲԶһ֦֮ϣŶ˵һһУú˼
СһȤĺܡҪҪʵأˣȲ˵ٶ۲۲죬ҪɽҲûôס
꣬Ťͷɽ¿ȥɽǧԶľ룬ƺһ۾ܿϹһ˿аЦʧ
ͬһʱ䣬̫ɽɽ£ˣʮ£ɽȥ
˵᲻ڣ
֪ƲڡڵĻֻҪһ̤̫ɽյľ档
Ǿͺãϣȫˣ
ɣҲֻϵùˡ


ʮ ԩ·խ
ڶ峿ҫϴʹѵԴ΢΢תľƳ˵Ѳ١
Ҷľûôˣҫʱϵľûɢͷң˫۴һѪ˿ŰҫɵЦ
ʱҫ̸ͷ棬һԭ򣬿һԵҶģ͵ЦûϢԺ޹һöҲֻ΢˼ɧԭ
¥nС֣ƮƮ֮ǰѾ뿪ˣкûһҲ⣬ѾѻˣȥҲҪԼȥġ
λβסգҲöྡһµ֮갡n
ҫ˹֣˵ׯҵȻҪȥ죬ʵڲҫڴ˶лׯʢԵ·˵أصŰݷá
ȻȥѾ㲻ǿˡһЩ̲һЩҩ֮һ⣬¡
nһҪ͸ҫȻȻǰٰѡ˼׳԰סĻ˼˼ҵĶƤ˭ա
Ҷľôվһߣ˫ֻŰҫnĥһȥġҫҲʵ治ԷˣΪҫôȥnһϹͷɢˣϾ˼飬ҫִСڡ
λһ·ߣպ·˵أһҪŶطλΪϱҫ͵ſڣnҲٶˡ
ׯʵ̫ˣкѴõЩСģֱӸţҵȱϵҫ˵
һһᣬŻ뿪Űҫ˳ɽȥnһЦɽׯĴлرա
һ·ɽһеĿյϣͣЪš
ҫóˮһڣ̾Ȼ޹ҲջķᡣҵĽˣСѾͷʵύġ
ҫŤͷҶģǺֵӲ˻ȥͷֱðɱǰһŽŷڵأµ
ѾģûǮ𣿾ͲꣿӺòижҪʿȫƻˣ
У㻹ûϰʮأڸ̾˵ɡͷͦǮģÿŶƱأ
ʲôҿҴҵǺãƱ˼ó֡
Ŷˣ͵Цһ֣˵鶼΢תƷɵеƣȻֻһ˴ûƹеֻǲɣǾ
Ǳˣҫ˵Ҳȫԣ˭˵λ޹һֹ˼ô
˻һ˽ǴȻæߣҫʵѾͷǲǷʲô
ǿķ˿Ҳֹ֪֣ͣվһϴ
ƷɺܿûǶˣˣ
ҶԺ󲻶ϵü̽ķĹҲ˵һߺǡϵİҫҲǲסĵͷ
˶һۣ˵ûȷһ߹ǺǣǾ߹Ǻ֮ϿûдƷְ
Ȼֻһɵ㡣УôдľîľׯͬͲҪҶ˰ɡָǳ޽ǣ͵
⻹û꣬ھϯ֮ׯ뿪ʱûվȣҹȥͬʱһ˿΢ȥ֣ҵȫ֮⣬ȫûдȥ
˵֦ڵд֡
֤ׯڹҹ뾳֮ߣ޷ģҲʥ֮ϣշ磬ָ֮л⡣˵ڵдһʡ
⻹һ㣬Ʒˡ֮ȾذϢǾû֪ôô֪ԺʲôӦ˵̫ɽˣͱռˣأɱ״̬һд
һ㣬̫ɽźޣȲỹûбޣֻĴڣȴׯƽƽס˾ʮ꣬ô
˵֮󣬽е֦ϳ˼ֱ֣Ǻǡľîռݡƽ
ҫҶĶ˵ıͺ˼ˣ°ܵϣôǵ°Ѿˤķˡ
ҫǿţߵǰץסߵСԴʹǰҲͣİŪϻдʣСѾͷԴզѽҮ
һϢ֮֮ܺǰԼľٶ
Ѿͷ֪ԺҲ~~~~~~ҫץ±ϵһС֦˵±ߣ紵ҡȥ
Ц֮󣬰ҫ˵Ҫǻȥв̽һ˵ʲôüĿ
Ҷģͬʱ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ôǡ
䣡
Ӱб˱ݺݵˤǰƮƮҲϣͬ˷Ʈסְദѹסơ
аȭ̬Ҳ졣˵ϣһڵȭӡȭӡ֮һƵĺ͸
ϥҫҲߣưļϣ֮뵽ڣˡ
˵۾ȫڶ˵ɶУôĶš
Сһܣ׷ôá
һ䣬߳ɫ۷ˡǿĺ붵ñ˵òȫ˸ʵӦѵꡣ
˽ŲһͣԼɵľ룬׷״һƬƷƬ̣֦ܵϣͣʮ˵£ŰΧ
Щһϯ£ߵģ뻮һһͬϸͬߣΪҲʲôѰɫ
þòǵϴμ棬ڿɽׯأ᲻ʶ˰ɡһ˵
ҫ˫һУк磬˵ǵҿɽׯǼˣ׷
û취ͷЩȵĸҿҽһ£Ҳ֪˭¡лһ֣λһͬǰͬ飬ջգšˣǿ·ˡ
л֮󣬶ͬʱȡ¶ñлŨüۣ˫۾ǷòˡսţӦôл٣һͷɫ̷һ㣬ֱͷϣͭ壬ֱ߰˳ߣĿ࣬һ˲ŭ
ڶҪ֮ʣҶĳԴϵԭ𹬵ĻչлλǽǰӸλѾãΪЩȥҲÿ
սźЦСһﵹеʶϷҲֻ֪ͷҵȲܲӰ
˻һл΢΢üڵϸ磬Ҫ֮˾ͲøǶϻԸ֮һ˱ɣϻϡ
лȻҵӣβҵ׹أ͵ģҪҵĿҶЦ
лЦһ˻ʳָҡͷЦ˷ʱˣǵġУ׹Ҳûʸ񡣡
䣬ֻż˱ȥ̼ǰֻұ̧С֮ϲīа˳ƺ
ҫĿһӭϣתͬʱҲһȭԷ
飡
һ죬صڳ˵Ķߣһ˲춯ʹ˶Ĥһʹոն˵˫ȭǧ֮
ҫ֮˰˲סΣÿһڵ̤һĽӡҫ˶ڵ֣аָּ̻ԭɫ
л֮ȵĿŰҫֿ˿Լȭоȭϴһȵļһһ壬ɰ
ܣŶãȻͻͽȳ̶ȡлĿ⣬ŰҫһЦ
Ⱥ˵ΪԶ


ʮ ʽþ
ʵҲܹл˳Ծɽׯʱν׼ɽ˵һϢȻأжٵӣÿӵ书·óʲôǱ˽һҲҫˡ
ڵǷϢУдҫġǼǿ츳ϧ쾭ͨɾޡ
ǴӸոսֹӷǵͨڹľ߻Ź˶ãһµʱ䣬Ȼ̥ǵֵزôܲԾ
СӿԵСҲô̵ʱڣӵʵлŰҫЦ
ҫʼ磬صǱǱƵģӸһİɣЧĻ֮ˡ
лüͷһ壺ߣСӣмСȻⶼ뵽ˡĪҪΪܹȫˣҳϣոյȷ̫ˡôһɡ
ҫ࣬ڵľ֮׼ӭӽⳡս
֮ǰлȭ֮ԵôݲȣʵԼԷʵԸ߳һﲻֹ
ôɣСԴ󣬺Դ󣬿лȴС
ҫһ𣬳лԴֱһȭȭۣϵĿҶһҷɡ
ȭ治
лһ˿΢Цһ࣬׾ٵĶ㿪һȭҫһУȭצһ˺ץлš⿴һצȴץˣлμתٴλصҫǰ΢ЦĿ
ҫĿһ䣬ȸ߸̧һŴȣԷĿڡϴĸо֪һűԷĻ⡣
лҪһ˲䣬ֻҫ֧ŵջأʱһڿСȽżһڣٿռתϵĿҶҲ׷׾ΧŰҫȻת̬һźݣݺݵлĿڴһ
׶Ϊᣬ֮ʱһǳɣȫûˮĸолҲǳٶһ£С
лһȻһӿĺֱӸ֮ϣҫݺݵص
ҫٿһշȵءֻϥأԴһ̧лĿǲģոֻһ˿ǹܴɡ
Сӣеͦ죬ĵѹɡлһЦ˫Ŀһǹɱӿ
лһ££ȫӦѰΧ֮˹ȥлһȣŰҫչ籩Ĺƣһ˫͸аȭͷ쳣ǣɽ顣İҫ֧׾òǱһʱ֮䴦·硣
Ҳûţֻ·ɣеİֻأûйȥԵǰˣԭֻСආ£˵̼ͻоһԼİ֮¡
ɽûôɣЩл£ʱɽʱơÿ˹ضһĹɣ˴֮ĬǷİʮа˾űǶ㿪ֻмõıˣҲֻǲˡ
ֱЩ˾Ȼȫ˳֮Ļ֮Ҳδֲ̫ˣͨ¾Ȼʵôġ֪ˣӦκһǰ
еڣo˪λʱеκҫĹϵ෢һɧӶʱֹһ·棬뿪
ֻûкҩɳԣﻢ¡ƣڱıʱƮƮסƣսţҲ˲١
ıԼҶҲҡͷЦ漴ͷ˼ţƵñ˱ҲˬЩл£ǸİɣǸˣǽĽˣ
ؿҫߵ״ǲֹۣԼǿĽǣǶڹķ񹦵⣬°ҫͰˡ
˵רа԰ҫֻĹԸһЩԼʵĵˣһЩáлһȸ֣еμˣϾ뾳ϵĲʵ̫ʵεĺܡ
ɾôΣҫҲԴУƴܻһ˿ϣƴֻܵ
ҫлһȭһ죬ǰ߱ȥֻ˻Σ֮ʵС
û¶ʲôϲ֮٣뷨Լ㲻УҲܺܿʰԷɴڣȻԼռϷ磬ɶԷҲûܶصˡ
Слˣó䡣սſڴߴٵ
лȴƲƲ죬а룺֪ңб͸һϰҪӣԶ٣ѹ٣һҪʲôʣʧܣôʰо֡
л˰ɣ˵̫ã֪ôˡȫʵǽҪٴˣ
ǰսⰺȻİҫǵϷ֮лΪ֮һ֣Сӣ㻹ǲ֪ôˣӾúÿۡ
˵꣬лұǰ̧ƽ׼ҫֻȭаһӿ
ֻұ֮ϣʱһƬȴûаðȭָ֮˸ŵ⣬ͬʱСϱϵĻҲ⹴ն·ֱ۰ȭͷ⹴һһڵɫ󣬿ȥǹ졣
һգ۵Ĺлѳڰҫǰٶ֮һ㷴Ӧʱ䣬ȭͷĳŰҫؿϽӽ
⿴һһȭȴİҫ亹ֱΪԼ۾ϣȴ㲻ֻĿһȭԼؿ֮ϡ
ûһ˿춯ûȭ磬Ҳûо˵ƣеֻ˺ڵϣѪİҫлġСϢȭȭʵ޻ͨȭ߻ᱻаȭǱơȭƹ֮Ǳߣ侭쳣
ԴȭʽеĵһʽСϢζΣˣʦɽҲǰһ֮¡
лڵŰҫģĺȴǿ籩ȭӰ˸飬˫۽ʱǰĻаҫӰڣǴһļΪ͵Ʒ
ʱİҫؽҧ۰зһϸ΢Ѫ˿Ұһ΢ͺд
ֻ˫ֳצֻ۰ͬޣϵĳڶԷıֻϡлŤͷտҲһӰҫлǰٶȿķ˼쵽ʹлĸ֣Ҳϡ
ҫһָͣ£ָԷĵﴦһȻ赲ȴлͻȻһ͡󣬰ҫ˫աҿŶԷҵնȥ
ҫôΧлʼձҵľתŲͬʱ񱩵Ĺûһ˿ͣЪȭš⡢ϥ硢ͷ˵ĵطлȫʩչһ顣ֻʱ䣬ҫ˹¡
񱩵Ĺڳе˶ԾͣжֱĿˡ
лҲȻЩͨȭʽûиɶ˺Щȭϵʵĳ棬֮ΪʹķҲסǴݶ𵴡
źһ˿Һлһȣڵת£ŵһȭ
䣡
ľ죬˶һε˷·ʮһ㽫ҫɡ֮󵥽ŶأǷ۵糸ٶȣת˲֮׷ϰҫǺڰĹȭͺ֮ϣҫٴκɡ
ڰҫҪ֮ʱ֮ȵıڻУ֮ѪĿ⣬л
ŤŤӣаЦСӣòϣɽҪǿϲ١ǣҷȰ㻹ǲҪнҵǽɡ
ҫ͵ĿһѪԼ˶ЦѾͷûµģ˵ĲأһһбûãҶߣ͵
ʹŰҫգޱ˵ҫĻѻٳҲŲϵأҲҪڰҫһ飬ҫƭߡ
ҫЦҡҡͷҶǰ˵ѽֵܣͷˣǷˡ
ҶģԩľˣΪǱϹ֮֡Ķ飬ֻٻ
Ҷһ˵⣡
˶һۣЦҲЦһԵƮƮҡͷ̾Ϣĸо
֪Լûκεתˣ¶
žžž
лĹ˵ĻҶеˣ˵Ķ˵˰ɣô·ɣ
һ£ȵ
ֻӻó񷱦ţ˵֪һ·׷ɱˣΪֻҪǷһ·˫ַϣھͻ
лЦһСӣνӵֻҪǵֻǴҪѣв˵ôȻóˣҲᵱû֮һ仰ҪɱţҲҪá
һ䣬ǰİҫȥ˼ѣһ
˵˼ҵĵطҪҪɱģȡ˼ҵôǵ׶ҪҪˡ
˲ԶУî˻߳
ҫ˿˵ĳ֣֮һЦΣûз·תĿܡ


ʮ ǳһ
лüͷî˽СġϿîһģʵսŶԷǳҲ
кףîֵʱǡôպþлҪնɱ֮ʱԶ׼îѾڸҫϮ̶۵ˡңڳ˶ûзĴڡ
л˵ĽС΢ҫȴظ˶һ֮ǰķ֪îܾǽƷɡˣƷɿϳְæĻô˿˵þ
ҫ˵ľٶǲ⣬а룺Դׯ֮˾ȻѵׯʲôˡǵĻô»ӹһ١
λ뿴ϣŹ⼸λɣî˵Ĳߵҫǰǵ
лǰȭ˵֪үӣγƺ
îߵȿڵߣîɽׯׯɽׯķΧڴɱɱǲ֪˵֮ͷŰҫգգƤŪǺĪȴüһ
˵һ仰лüͷĸˣвס˼ţһ˶ôǳңͷضѰɫ
îͿ˼ڵî֮ǰ⼸λںЪţҲ̸λְ̧
ׯҵȿѣֻͷǲҲӡׯ޹أ벻Ҫִ¡պҵȱл
лĻǿûŪԷʵǰҲʲôΪ
Ϊ֪̫ɽǸ˵ĵ̣Ǹ˵Ըϲ֣ϷˣΪ֡
˵ÿ˼棬òͬоֹǹŹ֡ʱлǰׯ˵Ǹ˼ٰġ̸ֹŻϹϾ
îҡҡͷߵ˼״ȵ˵ôôܺأҼׯ˵ôˣŲߣ֪֪߳ܰ
ߣҸׯ˵ֵõ˲졣ˣ졣
һӦ𣬳˷Ӷȥֿ磬һԷӡ
ʵлҲǽⷢӣ˵îǸ˼ٰģҲֻǻɶѣܲôֹȥɡ
ᣬһȥ̽̽Ǹˣʹ޹Ҳ˼ҡǣôһˡ
һֱû˵ĻսţͷβжлСĽҲͣνСʻ괬á
飡
ֵ£îһȳɣîز¶ȫû֮ǰǸ״̬
лʹ˸ɫµͷʾףͬʱîȥ߷չս
˵îмܵ࣬ɹʽΪͨв죬ʽҲһ㣬İҫлüͷֱ塣
ǵ뷨îӦԴݿ֮ƣɵĽ²ŶԡϵսȴǽŵĺܡѵǶˣîֻһԶյѰͷȻͨ˱ȣѾˣͬʱԸ˳֮ˣ·磬ֺܲ
ɸǴ˵еǿ߽Ʒȣֱû˿Ŀɱԡȷ˵îǸѧ·СƷɾǽɵṦ֣ô
˵Ʒɣʹǰҫˣһ˵ʵ¶֮ϡ
лݺݵһкŭģˣˣԭͷJǹͷпá
һֻлļϣսߣ˵Слûϵĺܺãĵ̣СĶΪȻͷǸˣǾͳְǶ˰ɡ
л˵ͷǷߺ޵Ŀ⣬һ㣬ҫȥ
ҫԭзµǿŴʯΪǵˣû뵽Ƿ·תǱгˡ
˼ʹвʣҲ޿κΣֻȫ䱸ҫ˾ҲöԷùʱɱǵ£Щ¶˾磬϶ǾѵûԴȥ࣬ܶɱҲöԷʹѡ
Űҫţ˫ȭգüͷҪƤǰסҫĴ֣˵ҫ磬ɣûµģ
ҫ˿ЦѾͷΪⳡתˣɿֹ۰Ҹ˵̫ˡ
֮󣬳Ĭǵ΢Цƺǰƣġ
һǲĹîصԭأԵĸˡ¿״̬Ҳû̫صˡ
ˣׯҪĵˡȻˣǾׯĸС
лȲȥˣԶ֡
ֻṦһչ֮죬۵糸ԶľֻһϢ֮㵽ˣСϢȭîȥ
ȭ֮ƣҪîɱ߸ҫ֮ǰһûһ˿Ӧһվԭء
ҫ£Ҫǰîһȭֱȴץšҫ΢Цҡͷǲ⡣
ֻ֮չǰĻ棬ʹ˴ȫһĭĿ֮гŵɫ
һֻѩС֣סлȭϸָѩƤѰŮӵֻҪÿ
ɾ⿴޹ǵС֣ȴǯһ㣬лǴִסʹһȭôͣîǰߴ粽ѽ
סˣôҴľԭ
ģ֪ܣ˶ʱ䣬˶ٲϣ˶پôô򵥵һȭֱǱǲС޷죬ӹ
˵ˣסлˣͬһˣǾîߵˡֻһлһ㣬л׷ɻȥ
лһֱڵأܵ¸æǰҪ¡
ȵȣҪӣ
սľţĻ˵еˡ
£лµͬʱߵķ϶һƬѪ֮лĺ󳾣ȫ׷ɽУ֪
ֳһƬֻһѰĸɽţͲôѰˡл֮ŵĿˣ㣬㣬ǡ
㣬ƨƷɣ˳ƣɣ
˵֮ƾճһƺ̣壬תգۼ䣬ǰѾͷ棬Ρòȫı䣬ͺһƵá
һͷɢŵĹԡòͨͨȴһ˫˫ۣƤѩϸ壬ͬһ㡣
ͦΣֶǱĿɨǰлսŵˡ˵ûаƿԣ򵥵ɨӣȴһľս
֮޵У˭ܲ¡
սҧҧǰı˱ȭ˵ǰ֮ǰ֪ǰڴˣðǰ
Ʒɰ˰֣˵ӳЩûõģԹ⼸СӱˡʮϢ֮ڣӹɽԶ֣ǹ
һһӵĳƺİҫ亹ֱǵУƷӦֱ䡢̸ֹ֮߰ҷɵ֡ǰأҰ³Ͷ磬޵еĸ֣ɽ
лؽҧӲͷƤȭ˵ǰ뿴Ҽ˵ϣҪҵȿֶ顣ҵʵ޷롣
ˣСһ䣬ϣ¼䣬ƷɣҪ˭ô
ΨҶİӸµĿ
ƷɿлͬڿһˣǱĿ⣬лһ顣
ʮϢѹ룬ٲͲûȥˡ
һ䣬ŵлսŤͷɽ·ɱȥһ˿ͣ¶ˡЩ£ӦһģҲ׷׳ɽȥ
壡
лսܳ￪⣬֣ȴǵĶߣͺһ㣬ǡ
ģ
þȫת£ܳԶľ롣

ʱ˴Ѿǵٶˣ𽥵ı롣

˵ٶȲν죬תϺˮǳʱľ룬нʮ֮Զ
һ
ͣ½Ųʱǳĵص㣬Գʮľ룬ڶ˾Լ㰲ȫ˵ʱһ֣ǵĶʹǺëֱͬʱֵĿԭķ
ԳУӲʧˣʮϢѹ--Ʒ˫Ŀһɣ̧𣬴Ĵָ׼ɽķ֮󡣡
䣡
һ˴ȰĴɫĴĴָʮĶˣȥ;֮иɵʹǴһɶľҲͬϵһһ޶
ԽԽ죬ûһɢĺۼ̶ȾϾĸ֣ʮ֮ԶҲϢʱ͵ˡ
ǰǾĽлսŵʮɹڣһϸ磬ȫ
ս˫۳Ѫ˿ֱðݶҧѪֻڵԽתԽң˲佫ߵ㣬˫ͬһ㣬ϣͬһȣŽȥ

ԭΪ˹ӣӦ˵ܻԽ飬ֻǸ߿ԼҲ͹˽ɵĽ
˱񱩶Ľסֱɽ£Ƚɢ֮лսվǵɽʱɽ֮ϡ
˾ֵĿԼѵ˫ֿۣԶɽ֮ϣ;ľ۴Сȫߣͺֿһɽ·һ㣬ֱͨɽ塣
ʵǾס
ƷջֱۣͷŵһͷţİҫˣЦȥǳԵ㶫ɡ


ʮ ʱشĲ
ʱİҫڣһĿɿڴģǱŵˡÿ˵۾ҪɳۿŵһͷСţ
⼫˿ֲһӾ֮𺳣ҫȫɵ˲ᵽ⽣Ʒɵʵ޵еĴڡ
ʹһ콣֮ʱƺȫûĸоʧ֮ҲûлĴ㡣еģͺһģʹǸоƽԷһ㣬⡣
ιѣ֪ԼӢ䡢˫ʮ㡢ҲڰųɣǵϢߣһȥԷ
Ʒһ֣ҡڵĳɽׯȥƦʮ㡣ֻ̬Ļǿߵĳƺȫմϱߡ
ҫع񣬻ӣ֮лһЩĪŽٺϲ֮ǰһľжƷⲻһԸеΡ
ɽµлսŴʱƽԼ飬ڲƽĻǵѿˡ
˴³ٳٸϵ֮ʱ˷֣ɽʱʮˣڻŵģֻʣ˶ѡ
Ҳ֪ƷɿΪ֮ǵӱųɵˣǵ֮¡
лᣬЩ˿ɶ֮װÿ˶ǻ˼ĴԴдɾգ֮䣬ô࣬ôȥĻ֮˽ɴһлµˡ
ֱͲģԭΪƷɵЩţֻǺԶﴫ˶ѣû뵽ֱӸһΡսźΣҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǰ̫ˣ֮ʣҾӦ̳ˣΪеһ˿ǿʧأҪȫΡ֮Ȼ鴫лЦ
ҶһûʲôоĻô˵ɡͨ˵ԣҵľܿһ˵ȫòʮ֮һЩõҲǿԿŵ֮еǸѾС֮ࡣǧ֮˵ĴСó涼硣ǧ֮أǰѾˣΪѾĿӷΧ
Ʒɵһڶ뿪ʮǧףģǵľ֮䣬һƬɽʯ赲һ׼䵽ǣҸպýƵɽʱɽϣɢȥһĿֲ
Թսſڰں֮ел̾һǰȰοҲΣҲȫ㣬ҿȷɸ봫ɣ̫ɽҾǿԡ
ڻսŻû˵֮ʣƷɵȻƾ˶
Ҹˣٸɽɱ------⣡
˱ŵ˫һɣͬʱһĭü֮һ亹֮䡣

ҫڲǰͷƳԣ˭Ҷ˵һ仰ҴһΪ˰ƮƮڣµͬһ㣬ͣĶš
нӣƷɷ˷ۣ˵˵ڽųôֲϻܳǲɡҸոմƽʱһǺ͵ģɣԼһʲôʵľʰɣ
ҫеģ˼һᣬ˵лǰľ֮һ²ǰ֪
ƷɵЦЦ˵ͷ
ʦкɽׯɽ֪ǰʶҫʵ
ƷɶŰҫһᣬЦʶʮǰڼģͳ߶߶ںպ⼸Сҿͦģָһ£˼ڹʽ뿪ˡÿ·Ҳ⼸С˵һ㣬Ҳòͦġ
һһСߣȥܹ죬ΪƷɵĳҲͶʮͷȰҫ˼ꡣ
ʵϣҶ֪Ʒɵʵа֮ϣ֮ԳౣڶʮңΪ书뾳֮ߣѵžĵز˲ûʲôסҪ䣬ڳ˿ܱӱҪС
˵Ļ˶ǡĽʾ¾Žȶ⽣õ֤ʵ
Сɱǰɣ
ҫһ㶣˵ͷа֣ô֪ɱʩչʱѰȭ죬Ҳ˵Ļһ˸
оΣƷЦʵ
ǰƪͦ˳ֵģֻıɱƪÿʩչʹѵĤܵһ΢ˡǺеˣʽһʺңҶʹñʽͲǺܸȤȻԼõʽѱʶƣǰҫҲڹ˼ʲôʼ٩٩̸
ллĳޣҲеģΪ˴ʱ䣬ⴴģˣû뵽ġ
žણ
ҫոҪжԣһ⻰ִסˣеĿӦ䡣
ƷЦеҫæȭ˵ԭǰ෬ѣǿлΪģ֮ءǰһݣ
ҫĻû˿ĳɷ֣һ·ɱǣҲȷܻڡΪƷɶб֪֮֮ͬʱҲƷǾ˵ѧ츳е۷пɲѰ˵ʹġ
ҫ¹֮ʱȴһεסϥǣôȥ
Ʒɰ˰֣ν˵ⶼĻԵҿûаֹϵҲûס֮ÿʩչɱƪ󣬻ĲʸУΪĽǻܲˣٱǿһ㣬Ͳĸоˡ
ҫ˫ֱȭͷǣ£֮г˾η˷֮ɫ
˭ˣһģʱش𡣡
֮ǰǰ˵ׯǰһܣ֪ǰõĿ֮
ҶĵĻðҫ˺ǲ⣬֮ʲôȻҲ֪𰸡ΪîǴǰôڳ죬һಡͷѡƷ֮ǰȴ˵ԼƵһܣ˺š
Сеʶ˵ûȷ졣Ʒɵͷϡ
ǰôûΥôҫȵĿҶģĵСӣǳԴʲôҩôȻʽǰǳźʹգۣʾԷϽǸҶȴʼտһۡ
ƷɱҲŭ΢ЦСôеôȻô˵ˣһĺģԸɡ
һ䣬îſ߽ڣŰҫ˱ȭ˵λˣ֮ǰҲҼ˵ķԸ£λˡ
ҫ˿˿ƷɣҲǵͷʾ޷û취˼ǽɣǿߣ޵У㱻ˣҲҪţοԷҲûж⣬ǳں̬ȻĻҫ˵³ޱȡƷҲдţӸɵģ
îͿ˼ʵҲּܹ౾ΣʮǰҲŲСļҵҲѧһЩȭŹκţνǼȮһѧ·ĹҲԷ֡
˵ҫ˶ǳĬǰʦҲͬţǴµ鼸һθС
ʱΣ֮ʡ˳ˣҺ֮ʱزҼ֪һŲҰĲ֮£ֶͨΣʹͬʱҲ౨֮Ϊ˱˵Ķ飬һ׷ˣ޶ģֱ޵һ̡˵֮󣬾һ뿪ˡ
¶˵ǲȥġɥ֮ʹֻޣʹñҲô׾ǵġ
֮һƿܵʧ书Чǽȥõˣ࣬þת»ڵѪҺอǿ̼£Ӷﵽֻߡת𵤡ǿȱһɣκѰӵеġûͨ쳹֮ܣ붼Ҫȥ롣ҶĽ͵
֮󣬵˵ͷͬʱҲǾƷɾȻ֮ܰ쵽еľη֮ٴμ
Ҷıȭ˵֪е飬֮ǰгײ뽣ǰˡ
ƷҡҡͷЦ֪˵ʲô֣Щһʶ𡣲ҲиҪأ
ǰʾ£
¹ʦɣСô
ͻȻƷϱһɼƣ֮и΢Ľ֮


ڶʮ Եƾʲô
ͻĿƣڳ˶һ˷ԼָĶˣϺ£ǽʹܣ·ڱĥһ㡣
˶ѹñŽοϣҶĸǡءһϣֵξȻû˿𻵣˹ƶҪſڵˡ
Ҫ˹ֿ֮ʱһӾֵ鷢ˣǷ֣ڵһ㱻סֶתˡ
ֻ÷ȥֿһɣֻƾ־ȥ֧š
Ҷҧ֧ŵģ֪ǲǴоƾǳѹ˶ҪڳƬ̣ԼᱬĶ
Ϲ񻹻ĺúõģǰӦֱǣ
Ʒüһǹɿֲƣ̼ʧӰ٣ҫ˶ǴڵĴŴһ̣ܵˣ˵ĽǰǺεȵСϣȫǰλǰС
ޣ˼˵ĳ޲Сô֪ҵܹǵģƷɺһеʵǷƵӣոʲôûƵãɰҫȴڹŹǰһȦ
Ϲв֮Һ޲ãƤʳ⣬ǡ
ʱҶģ˫׹¶һı飬Ǹ̬·һͷ˶ɵޡԼλʦŲѪ
ҶƽһԼ˵ô֪ģΪڳ⣬֪ϹˣˡǰȻֱǰӦþʮǰˣʹ̤벽ˣ֪˵Ŀɶԣ
ƷЦŵ˵ͷ˵лȥĻҴǸҰؼȻĿǻȥǺȲŶ!
һֻв⣬ǰΪ飬ֱӱǣǰ޵µʵҪɱ˼ֱ׾١
ƷǸĪЦݣصҵɱˣͲ֣㲻֣ͲǣǣҲͲϹϹҲͲңҵ˼ô
֮ϡͿĻشһͷˮµĸо
ҶȻѣǿƷɵŵɫһ˿˵ѵǰ㣬Ѿﵽˡ
Ʒɵ˵ͷ΢Ц֪ͿˣͲҪ˵ˣǻû׼ýһУġ
ҶľĿܣܵĿռܹ죬Ȼ΢΢Ķ֮⣬˶֮ǰ̬·֮ڵʱֹͣˡ
Ҷվ˹֣ٴ£Ҳع˿ˣֺܹĸоͺոմʲô
ԣոյȷǷʲô£ֻ¹ǱǰʲôͨĨˣȻҶҲôֵľٶˣʶĿƷʱֶԷĿҲԼ
СѾͷûʲôҪô
Ʒ˫ֱĿߵİҫʶ嵲˵
һ͵Цҫ磬Ȥ󣬳ƷҡҡͷʾԼûʲôʵġ
ǺðɣʺãнҪû¾װƭƭȣ
һ䣬Դʵǰʶף
ƷЦЦһ䣬ҧгݵףǰûŲߣӲǱĥӲݵƭ˲ٶȥֱôļҵȥأֺУľãûˣ
֮ԴĺߣкΡҵͲͣ𣬶ȥˣŮô
ˣˣѻˣ˵ĶԻʹҫ΢漴ҡҡͷ֮ǰҲǲµʵݣӦûб濴ȥô򵥡
˿ҫľٶ̬˵ҫ磬Ҳû취ģʱˣһһеȥȫģ
ĿԣҫԴЦֻҪܸһ𣬾ͺˣ£Ҳ
һԵҶķ˷ۣţһ첻𣡡ƷЦеĿˣ۾гһˣĶֱë
ʱһֱĬƮƮƷɵߣֻһȭҪµʱȴͬҫһǹεŹȥ
ƷƲ˶һۣ˵ʲôֱ˵̬ҿŶġ
⻰˵һӶˣŪö˺ΣƮƮǺ죬ͷ
ھԵʵǰô߰ԵÿЦƷǰøţǻøſšƮƮȥǰ㣬᲻ôƷҪɱǣҪȲһֻ϶Ҫɡ
ʱֳ˭ס˭ȥ˵˾ԱûһתĿܡ
һȻȥǾͳϿһ㣬Ǳȭ˵뽣ǰΪͽñǰһ׷ǰң뽣ǰȫ
˻һҫ˽ü뷨һ£壬ܼ룬Сӣ͵Ӱɣ
ƷɿһۣԹԵĺŲˮʵСҪΪͽΪȥ𣿡
˵ͷصǰڵڼʦԵǰָ㣬ʦɽׯɽׯ𣬼ʦΪʦϯӣǰⶵתתƺֻص㣬ţⶼİţ
Ц׳գ
ЦɽǸСĻԵҸ£ʲôϵ⣬Ҹʲô⣬ǰҾ⡣Ǽ˼Ʒɾͣ~~~⣡
񣬿ѪڣţŵŭաΣԵΣֻ˵ǣֻ˵ԵǡֻҪ˵ǣνԵ֣ƨǡ
Ʒɾһˣһ仰
˼Ϊ죬⡣ΪԵϲǷ֡
ޱȵĻشһԵƮƮ̲סˣ漴ڵǰʦţ츳֮ѡܹ̳²֮ǰһ
Цǰ׳յҩɾȣ
ƷɳЦһоƮƮ˫ȷ˵ҽɵĴ֮˭֪²ֲɣҪô֮ŸǿЦ˵ƽӹĺܣǶǿ
ѩСָ֣ҫˣһѵ˾ѵˣɲǵ°Ȼô룬ǵõƷɵĳޣлôһԺ
ˣھһ䡣ҪΪͽƾʲô
岻ĵҧҧжĻҲͬСƾʲôƾ֮ǰ˵Щ˼Ҹ񶼲㡣
оûаҫ˵飬ƷɵʸûУԷûа
кޣԼûƷǰԵʵߺݺݵϡһҲްҫôľˣʹδĽɶôǣͬһĺ⣬ֻУұ¶˿
ٴι֣˵ոʧǣǰЦˣǰ
Ʒɿ񣬳ʧҡҡͷ˵ҸᣬԲѣҲû취ȥúһ䣬ƾʲôҲȥɣ˵ˣϢϢһȥ¥ңжҪǡ
֮ͷҲص뿪˴ҫҲ뿪ֻƮƮˣʱеʧǣЦǰƾʲô
ʱֱ˵ԼƾʲôɣκһɶãƽͲˡ
ɲӹˣβأصԼʹ࣬е֮ˡЩ̬޵ǰֱԲˣ֮Աǡ


ڶʮһ ɵıҶĸ
Ҷģ˵ǰʲô⣬ǸزʶҪʹʦôԨԴҲɡҫһھƣʵ
֪Щ⣬ȥѾͷȥ־ǿߣôƣʲô͸ʲô񻯻ġҵǺڴǵɸĶԲǷƷ
ʱµգͬٴݶ֮ϣһߺȾһġ
˵սһҫҲᣬھĸʱĵϢ£˺߰˳ɣǵˣȹȥתҲȹȥ˳ˡϰ֮˵һ֮սõĥսԶֻԭ̤
ǵǣɽ׶ǽһһĽ˵ĻûЩ£϶иõĶ˵ҶĴĵҲܸԭŶ
ĵĴʹһһͷվڶĲԶ
Ѿͷôô˻˯ҫЦ
˯ţþûҫ翴ˣԡСһ죬ĿȴǿҶģеľζŨͺ˵ǰҫѣҲ춼ռɡ
ʵҲܹСԴҶļС֮󣬰ҫҶļʱȻԼִ֪ףû壬Ҳ޴ƣƵиСץ
̲סˣݶˡ
ҶһĭǳƵö˶һ˵ҽҲеˣȻȥϢͲǶˣ
ҫ˵ͷкһҲʱعͷҶգգۣʾл΢΢һЦ뿪ˡ
ڰҫĻУôĿǳ
ѾͷоգΪˣû뵽ֽٺôأ
ĸŰҫӣ˵ҫ磬ӦңԺ飬Ҫҽ뿪ˣҲҪһ𣬾㹲ȪҲҪǣ֣һǻȪ·
ɵѾͷҫӦ㣬ͬѨģ
֮£˵ͬ¹⣬ɢͶɫʡ
һ֮ʱǣ˵ЦҶ¥֮УƮƮѾȵˡ
ƮƮ˿ҫǰ۵ģ޵ҧҧҲ֡߰Ƴ˶һۣǸʾľٶǸҫ˽Ͼˡ
˺Īҫɦɦףкơһķʲô衣
ǲмߣɣ
Ʒɵĳٵֻ裬
һ֮Ʒƾճǰҫֻ΢һԹԵĺŲˮ˵Ʒʲô˵ľٶ˵Եú
˵ֵǳķʽǰûʲô˲ҲôҰɡӣװҲװȵıѽ̨
֮󶼵˵ͷͳһһŴŵľȱ飬ֻһʱ䣬ٴλعͷ죬ȲĺȲ裬Ʒɶͷֱð
һ־֮Ʒɴַĸ¥ͥԺУֻվһžһɿĴǰֽ̧֮ϣһ˿롣
һ΢ĳתھһԼߣԼ߳ߵƷŤͷһЦ
СǣǴ۽磬úüʶʶɵı⡣
ʱˣȫĿͣ·һ㣬ĸƷȥ
еĽֱͨ£ͨʯϵ˵ķ֮á
˴Լһʱ䣬ǰȻʡ
ǰһһɶֱ࣬ɶİԲδм䴦һ߿ߵԲʯʯıķģ˶дʲô
ڴıϷֱʯţÿʯϷֱšС֡ʯźķ䣬ӦôſӦƷ
˵ĽŲһ̤֮ʱ˲һƬ׹ʶ۾һգ춥֮ϣʮϾӣ˸Źâ
ȻǼֵҹ飬ǰȻҲղءҶľȵ
һ׵ı飬ҶӽţҹĹЧֻһ֣ǾõġֻһţԲ֮ڵĿռ䡣һɽѩ֮뱱ѩԭ֮Уϡ٣ԿԳƵмСһҲֻһЩɲõ𣬵ҲֻмŰˡȻʮ֮࣬ǰǴֱʰ
վǰƷɣüë°΢̧һ԰ɫоڰҫǰŸһ㡣
һ˵һȥʯǰְȥԻõǵĶ˭
ҲûƷѾ˶ź˶Ӧöÿרģ˭˭Ҳûʲô塣
԰ҫǵһǰˣֻʯǰְǹ⻬羵Ķˣͬʱ˫ۣ˾һվ
Ƭ̣Щķģȫɢһ΢ĺ⣬еķķ·һ㣬ʯƮɶΧŰҫϵķ衣
Զġ롮Сʯϵ֣Ҳͬķź⡣֮ʯŻ򿪣ɰǧ֮ɳֱӦǷķ֮ص
ԼĪһ֮ʯڵѲٷɳҫܵڷķģʮöһһź⣬գۼʮöȫڰҫϣ˸ź⡣
ֻҫ麹üͷ塣ͺϵĺɫڸʲôһ㣬
ʱƣҫɫת֮ŵ΢Цһ֮ϵķĲ˸ܵķķɻʯ֮ϡ
˫֮ʱƷɵŸм뾴ηǰֵлǰ裬ǰĴ£һǡ
Ʒ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˵ʺĲõģȥúضɾͷǷ
ҫͷǣعͷʱ˵ı飬ƷɷǵʱıһģһʹƤԺҫ磬һ̫ˣ˯߲ŵ˻þһģոҾȻĶɳˣкöִɳһȥҾͺúõ˯һһģ̫ˣ
˻һûðҫЦҲԣոȻԼģɴӾϵĳ˵ǱȲΧ˵ġһ˹ı飬ҫҲǿġ
ҫĴסӣʹ˻ΣЦѾͷʹʹ
ô˵Ŀҫ磬Щʲôðʹʹ᲻Ƥأӣֹš
ҫЦԴЦȥ֪ˣǰҲһΪ㾫׼İɣʯʱϵƤⶶ˶
漴ɱȥһҶĵƨϣ߷ɣһĻҶĹҪóӣȥǷˡ

һԼ侲ʯȥ
֮ǰҫǸٴγֻ֣δ򿪵ʯֻССʱҲȰҫһࡣ˫ۣϲ֮ɫͬʱƷҲǧл
СѾͷڹķȫҾͲˡʦͨİַҾȲѣղأȻ֪ʲôû㣬Ƶ÷ҡ
λĪĳĶУҲɫĳƷɵ˵ͷ˼š
ܣĲ˼أ
ҶҲҪǰʱȴƷס߶˵СȵȻᣬĵﻹû޸أ
˵ֱһҶǰֱӰͷ­ϡҫʶҪ֣סˡҲǣƷҪǣҲõȵˣ׼˼Ҵ磬ƶҪǰ
Ҷһ֮ɫ΢΢Ĳûʲôľٶʱ䣬ƷջƣЦ
Ҷе³Σʻȹȥǿһֹת߱ȫͨ衣
Υĸоľþòƽڽϣﱻƣַ޲
һ֣Ƿ¼ҵƷҩҩֱӹͨоȫëף֮еʱ֮ڣܵҲ³Ρ
һ֣һǿߣҪʥϣӴඥ֮ȥ޲Էĵֻǿߵľһ˵һ壬ǿ߻֮ǡԱ˴֮ûĽ飬ʲô˵ĺôͨǿǾԲַֺõĵ¡
Ȼڶְ취Щͨǿ˵շǳޡƷ˵ȫ׾١
ҶŻص֮ȥʦαľαİɣϹĿĻûɣҲһֱȥ
ҲÿǵɫˣԼܣҲȥЩڹķȫκԵڹֱڤڶԣνɣƾԾ
Ҷһͣ棬һȭĶƷһ񣺡лǰ֮ǰĴǰõ飬ֱ֪һǡ
Ʒɵ˵ͷ㲻ҶʯǰҶһĶǡ롮Сš֮жƷɵ֮飬ӵֿ
ƮƮֱ𿪵ǡ롮ţҲǿĺܣܵķĲûҫǰƮɶֻһš
ڵĿռУֱɳһĽС
һѽ죬ߣ߲飬溮ˣڽĩβ׭֡һѣģȪһǳǳͼΣǷ֮˺ëֱ
ƮƮֱУľϲ֮ɫ
ȻĴڣ֣֮δȥãЦ
ƮƮҲϲĸȪŶһʱε̬Ʒ̾ϢһҡҡͷжԶ˵ۿ²ߡ
ѳɣ
֮öҩһһȣе֮ڹżǿĸһֵѰһµ浤ʹ¼֮УҲǰé
ع񣬶Ʒɱȭ˵лǰ裬ûպǰָһ
һ䣬˶üȥûʲôëҲǿ˼ָ㣬ǰʦ֮ĻûϨ𰡡
Ʒɰ˰˵ǻȥɣ֮ʱգǾ̫ɽϺúҾǿɽ֮ʱǲߣô
˽Ǳȭǣȥ
СһǽˣжٳɾͣǾҪԼˡ

ǣлսһջУĵĺžˮһǰһСֽˡ
˽ֽһ΢΢һЦеɢ
ֽдţ²ˣȴԮ


ڶʮ Ե
˻ص֮󣬷һǡ֮ͨ˵֪Ʒʱţ԰ȫֿסȫĵȥ
ҫ¥ڿ±ߵĸ¥Ҷ¥ĸ¥ƮƮסڿɭеĸ¥
뿪ʱҫ̾û뵽ǰıУȻֱӴ䵽ԺУǴ۽簡
ȻǺãͲһôˣͨ˼ʹõҲòˡҹƣʯ˵ڣûкȥƶҲ͸һЩͨʯ졣ӹ硣
һԵҶҲǲһ죺ǰͨ쳹֮ܣӵеĶȻǷƷǾͲҪԴˡ
˴к𼱻ǵĻȥˡ
ҫһŵ˷ܾЦҡҡͷƷɸѡڹķʽܺ⡣ټϵ︴ԭƻǵ´֮оѾͲס˰ɡ
ǰҫ磬ҲҪȥˣǰҵĶ˼ҾˣҪչһ£úϰһ⼸ҫҪúչԼŶаҫҲ׼͵Ŷ
ҫΪ֮һЦ˸㷢˵İСѾͷúεĻԵһҲôһΣɲ˷ˣ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ֮뿪͵ҫҲҪ¥Сһٿʼú֮ʱƮƮȴסȥ·
£ҫƲ˶һۡ
ҫʦܣҸʦõõĶӦڹķʽɣ͸¶һô
۵İȻ֮ɫԴõ֮ڵⶼһˣڿɽׯʱǸ緢־ֻˡ
ҲѹôĻָţ֮ǰǶʱ˵͹ȵһ׶ΣΪĻģҫ֮ѹ̫ˡ
ǣסʱĽһ˲ͳš·ֻҪ֣޾һеսѹء
ͬʱҲȥ֮Իսڰҫ˵ɣȫڱ֮ϣⲻ֪õıҲҪʲôáõĺãʤǱȻģõĲãҲģѾͻ˷ܸиͷԡ
ų񽣵ĸڼᵤڹţδһ̵ܶʱڣԼʵһǧϳҫ˾Բ£Դʱж԰ҫĲмӣҸȼ
ֻһԵƮƮҲˣ̧°ͣҪ߹ҫĶͷˣҲһ־Ӹµζ
Ѿȫˣǰ˵δѹǵġ
ҫŶǰȻģЦһ˼Ҳ˵鷳ǰ·ÿ
ߣҫʱͬգ㻹ΪǰѹסҶôˣò˶ã㽫ΪȥĿӦеĴۣ
ƮƮĽʾǱԴ
ҫζЦЦ˵սĻҽˡɣһ֮Ǳһô
⻰˵ǳƣƮƮһı飬ͷ֮ϵէ֣ŭ⣬ȴס
ãҫʦ׳ʦҪǲ飬ҲԵýˡһϣʦѧһǲҪ˽ǰһ⣬ǵʱҲƯ㡣
¿ʼԴʦԾӣеӸмΪǿңȫһĽѵĿǣѾʼʱҫǹĵľ
ʦ֣ʦҲϣܺúҪʧѴʦֹȥս˿ûдﵽԤڵЧѽ
˵Ļ˻ҩζ˴֮ҲĿбӵĽŶԷǶӵĿײҵĻ𻨣֪˻Ϊˣϧ鲻Խ¾ҪʲôΥµء
Ƿֿ֮ƮƮʦ֣ʱһҪݺݵؽѵñձѹ֮𣡡
ʦã㾡ܷģһ֮һΪһУۣУ͸Ասš
֮УƷɿ˵ĻҡҡͷֻһЩѣѾƮƮȻˣСûĻƻѪɣҫǺǣͦ˼ģ

ҫص䣬СЪһ£ϥ̨һƬ֮ǰЩĹϢѷĵʽȫԺС
ʯȷǷص֣ȻڹķʽԺܺõķֹԭй¶Ժݣ۾ĸֱۣߵľ·Ҳ塣
ҫСǾ񹦣Ϲʱڵһڹķڽеֻǲƪѣֻǰ֮ҸȫԼ׵⹦֮ס֮ʱĪĸ꣬һһӡȴһºճɹҪòãȥҵ㡣
ƷɵλֵķʽͻأĳڰҫԺС⻰˼ԣܿðҫȻù鿴ãҪòãһ仰İҫ亹ֱ
һųҫĶսлȫָ֮ڵԺľ·š
ʵɽ֮ʱҫ򾳽Ӷȫﵽ׼ֻͻȻʵСģͬƷ˵ȴ
ԵʱѹҪúõһԼһǿиɵ廨ͷ
ĴսĵϢڵȻһ壬ʵУ߱ǰĴؼѨλ뾭ֱ̫֮С֮ͨһˮɣû˿ɬͣ͸С
ʱķҪϥİҫϵ崦Ѩλֱһţֵĳɫɢȥ
ҫ˫ۣصĺһڣоܺáоڱϢľлһƬкϲáĹȣȻᲢۣʵһﲻֹ
ҫŰۣ°ͣţû뵽񹦵⹦ʽ㾪ףǰã˵ʺҵĲõģѵʲô˵ѧʽ
Ȼ뷨ֻһУһӰ·ɡٶ֮죬ĳΣṦ֮ߣÿһνĶȻƮƮҶ
ʱӰƮȻأм֮Զ೤ÿһõ˼¡
غӰٴƮֳֻӥצ֮ƣߵһòҵĹȥһ˲䣬צӰŰĲҲ̶ãϵľмһɢȥ
ֻĹòƵáǣһչ·ӥգͺչӥ쳣ѸͣٶȿļӰˣΧŴһȦȦת
֮ͣʱѾ֮ϵСˣеӰ˵ѾҶġ
ҶĿԼ˫֣˷֮ɫиԸոʱĸо
ؿǲˮ·һ尡ǰѡڹķʽҲ̫˳ҵ˰ɣãһҪϼӿȡ̵ʱڽצڻͨ
ʱǸǣǰ㣬ƷɸѡķʽֱΪһ㣬ѧӦ֣˳ĺܡ
ʱɽׯڿ±ߵĸ¥ͥԺУ˫ۣôž޲վ˫۵ͬʱ˫趯֮дĳֹɣĶļӿ죬ϵҶֶ֮ȥ
ɶʹЩҶ׷ײС֮ת֮Сѱͷѳһϸܵĺ顣
ȥ
һȣֻһеҶȫۼ˫֮У˫һᣬҶ籩
˳ɵҶȫǰʯǵЩҶϵľǿ֮ȫݽʯڡһ֣ٶȡȡɾĪɶ̾Ϊֹ
ȻҪĶֵĳ̶ȣ»úܣΪ˿̵Ŵϵĺˮĳ֮ǰһơ
û뵽ֻǸոţôۣоǰԼϹַ֪ǿ˶ٱһҪúǿУҲðҫһ˿ţôˡ
΢ĵϢһᣬ¿ʼ
νһ֦ԷУƮƮϥѽԵöᵤ£˹߷ҩ
ʦãоΣչʵ
ƮƮ֮΢΢һЦ˵оõĲٺãתȹȥҲ˲١һ£ҵϼ񹦾ܹڰ˲㣬ʱԲǰҫˡ
ǿҵģʹʼĿǲõĽԼѰҫ˺ݺݲڽŵ£ȵ÷
ߵĻῴЩС˼Цİʦãеҩĸǵһ̵ܶʱųĽҶ˶׵򣬵ʱʽڹ϶̫࣬ټ֡Ҹұ֤һ֮󣬾ԸԳ
ʵǶеֹ۵Ĺͷˣⲻ֪ѵҫǳԺôڽҲͣǰ
ҫÿһԼʽҫľڹӦʽҶĵṦצİַɾƮƮ˵Ľ
ʱƣ벻ǿѣܱǿ٣ǾҪ˵ڷܡ츳ˡ


ڶʮ һµս
ճ𣬳ϼԶһƬ֮ɫ峿ڻɽȺɽۣ֮һƬů⡣
ů͵ҫڰҫϣʱһɽ֮ϣһһ˿΢Ц˫ۣо磬ͬڽ֮УϢƾ೤֮ϳһ㵭֮
ǰѵĹȹסˣ⹦ʽĵһҲѾڻͨһµСɣϣ˽ǰķۡ~~~~Ұɣ
һҫѾٴһһ⹦ʽеĵ¯࣬ľ浶ҲѾš
˾񹦵⹦֮ΪֱǵơľŲơڶ񽣡Լǿһ˫ơ
νвһգУ硣ڹߵȭŹһϵе帨ЧɼʹڹٸߣȴûоʽȥϣֻΪһҴߵç
ʽãаض·붯ɱ˵ڹʽʽнսʱĹƣͬʱʱʹиӵĴ죬߿νศɡ
ȷڹеĹӣôʽϸһ㵹̡ǰֻˣ߾Ƥ
Ϲʱڣڹķص䣬ʷԶ֮޿ɿ֮ʱ춯أУ⹦Ī֮ܡ
ʵѰҫ츳ʣ㲻߲ݵȥҲѴﵽĳ̶ȡڹһһϦܴٳɵģʽҲ̼䶼ġ
οҫΪ˽Сģʽϵĵȥϰֱȫ͸Ժ󣬲ŻһʱĻѰҪ١
ĹƣҪĳ̶ȣҪҡ֮ԱԤƵʱô࣬Ϊʵ񹦵ĵﵽһ֮ѾˣȻҪϵĴܴﵽʵлǿԿʼˡ
뿪ɽׯһƧ֮ƷҵһǵĿյʱɲɾȻʳĺԷҲ÷Ĵڡ
ʱҫŵòûϣĲûĶкףԼʵνͻͽɸͷȣϻǰӣֻд׵ķݡ
ҫʮΪϼƣʲôȲСҪ֪лҪǿӲϣǽг磬ǽɵֻǣĸܣᱻĪٶء
ʱһҫ߳ŭŭ𣬶򵨱еʿɱ裬ôϷˣಫƴһƴ֪ԼҲʲôϷŪ
Ȼö˵ҫŰûһҶԷƺûоȫ׵ҫٶʵϲϣٶȷ۵糸ɽХҫйһлڳҲҰܵ
͵ҫڵϵ֮ʱȻӶ򶼲һۣԹԵ뿪ˡðҫƣоɱʬ޴Ϊ˼ҵˡǣڰҫгһ󵨵뷨ѵΪڴãĵĽҽơãҲԽԼĻƣݻ
ڶ죬ҫٴƬпյأȻѵȺʱҫһԵ̬Լе뷨ѿڶӦˣβֱһǺɨҫɳȥһһٴչսѰҫܶա
֮ļҫս¹ٴΣǴÿ֮ˬ뿪ҫһ̲һɽׯ
˵ҫÿζǱ˵ĻصɽׯԼܵ˲أһϵĵϢϵƻ϶ָܻ߰˳ɣǳԾʵǰҫ͹ǡ
Ȼεޣ֮߼ڳ죬ȴǵˣÿνƣ֮ĵϢ԰ҫḶ́Աĺôʽϵվ
ҫ⼸ݵĵʽѵŸпмпǶ̶̵һʱ䣬ԼȻܴﵽ̶ȣмѵڵһʱѾˣȫûתĿܡ
ͻȻڰҫıһɼưһӰֱҫ
ҫһŤת֮ȭ˳ƶһȭɽ鱩ɽ麣ХӰȥ
ԷҲû˿Ļңұһ̧ͬһȭǾƣȫȰҫ϶١
أ
ľӦһɢȥɽϵ̴ɢ٣˸һһȭƴ൱ӰԳݣȻһ²Ҷġ
Ҷ˦˦ƣЦСԽԽˣһ²Ȼ̶ȣǲа
ҫҲҡͷЦʲô㱻Ϲ֮ٶȻܺϣӦҷŶԡ
ˣ۸ͲҪЩവˣǰľ֮˰ɣ
ţûӵһھһֲĶˡҫָָԼԴֶҶʵأǰڹķӦòʲôƷɡոһȭҸоڵƽȴʧͣӿֲʧͣᲢãʲôڹķ
ӴӴô˵ԽԽֵָͷˣݵĺȷǾ澭ҶĵЦһ䣬
ҫüëһƣ֮һ壬˵澭ʲôôҶΪҫΪڹеʱİ仰ûһԸͷ
ҲԣϾҫ߽ңһ»̫ɽ϶ȹģһЩΪص飬һЩѾõڹķѧʽȥܽӴģ֪Ҳ
澭ľһϹʱڵľڹķ֮Ѱڹķͬһ֮Ǵڵ֮УǽһֵѨ֮СһΪһ֮ʱɿڵĽųɵѨʹǱ޵ķӣͶ㶼ĪܡϾ֮ʱڵѨȫͬ㣬ͨ쳹֮ܣѭԴԴ൱ҵһҶĺĵĽһ˵ʱ򣬰ҫǾĪ
ôһ˵ӡҲԣЩȥϹžķһĪܣǽǰıⲻ֪˶ľڹķҫҡͷЦ
Ҷ漴չһЦ˵ЩϹ֮Ǵݵľ֮ϹżߣϹŵǾסʱҲȥһ£Ǽʶˣ˵ˣҽɲֻŶ
ˣôãеİɣҫһơ
ôְɣҿ㵽ѧʲô¡
㡣


ڶʮ ӥŊZ
ҫ˵ĺܲںƵãʵĵ뷨Ȼ෴ҲܺҶ֮ЩʲôµĵšҶĲʽƴҫԼԡ
ʱܹһ΢磬ϵҶƮڶߡҶ˫һУҲƣ˷ٶȱ֮ǰ׷Ҫ֡
ֻ˫ֳӥצ֮ƣֱȡҫؿʺצǰƮҶûѱָƬ
ӥŊZӥ
⼫ѸݵצУҫ򶨣żһڣͬһһ޷ת˫ڶʱһƬӰܷ֮زһл𾢣Ҷĵצо֮⡣صĹûһ˿Ĵڡ
ҶĴʱҲľȣԼצзǵûκεãǹеʧΡ
ҶģҵĻƣͰջɡСˣţ
ǾĩһƷʽΪͰšɽƸǶޱߡػԭԼǿһʽƷٳǡÿһʽŸԵص㣬ǼϹΪһľƷ
˵ǾĩĵŷƱɫֻܡ֮λĩβΪͬҪǿȥƶܷӳ춯ذνҲбס
Űҫһȣһͣұָ߳£һ㵭Ļ𾢵ĳ£ֱһ˵ĻߣֱҶĵӣǶ꣬޼Ѱ
˵һйĳ䲻⣬˷ʤҶҲԲʲôʡ͵ĵƣżǰһ˷ٺˣգ۵Ĺ˿һ⡣
ҶĵķӦν죬赭дĻһСȻҫҲԲóѣһ棬شĵصܣϸǳһĽӡ
ҶĸסʱõͷϳһŵĺӰ漴̧ͷһеİҫ̩ɽѹ֮ƣڵӰһͺȣҶĵֶȥ
ƣƸǶ
ʱİҫǻʮɹǸҳȵĻ𾢣ɽ緢һкӸǵصӰͬûһƬĻһ㽫Ҷе·ȫҪҶ˵
ؿҶ侲˫ü΢壬⾪κ˰ʽûаֵľš˫۵תһ˫Ŀէ֣һ˫ӥצ磬ֱӴڿסҫ˫
ʲô
ҫ̾һлƸǶһʹãʽȿܣΧ㡣û뵽ȻҶһʶҪסʵԾС
ҶЦһҵӥŊZ⣡ǿסҫ˫ӥצ֮һšڵ֮һ塣ҫ˫۱ǽڴλžҪȴǱԷָ˫˿δ
ֻһҧϥǽ֮ϣ֮ҶĵӺݺݵ̤ȥҶıΣֻɿ˫˫һһŵ
ҫһշ֮˶˫ۣոһ֣Լ˫۹ƻᱻšĹؽڴλȥƺʲôصƣֹʤֻһ˲䣬ǽڴλҪһ˲ָĻҫʵ»޷쵽Ҫ͵ػָʱ˵Ҳͼˣɾ⼸ҶĵṦ˵㹻ҫٴˡ
Ȼ˲ûಫ¹˭ֻδ֪ҫƽһڸոĵ˫Ҳͬʱָ˫ĿҶġ
Ҷ˫ۻƣ΢ЦעŶԷԵúš
˵еĻƣȷҶĵٶʵĺˣҫֻǸո˵ǰ߱Ѿǰգ۵ʱ䶼
ӥŊZĿ
һֻӥצֱҫ˫ۣк쳣·Ҫ۶ȻҫҲϵ⣬׸
Դ΢΢һƫӥצ̫Ѩӹյıܹһצ漴һƻȴˣҶһת˫צҽ棬ץҫߺ󾱣Ҫ󾢶˺ѡ
ӥŊZ
ҫٴʩչͰ䵴˫̽Ҷĵǰʮ߳ɶȥֻǾҫٿ죬Ҳ죬ҫĻٴλա
ҶĲҸӲ񹦵Ĺ̾磬ɴͷԼĳԿһṦӵޣֻƮ𣬷תʮצӰֱҫȥ
ӥŊZֽǣ
һͺȣҫļ羱˫硢⡢ߡ崦Ҫֱаҫֱʧȥս֮ҶҪƾнҫһ£ⳡԡ
ʽצһǳɣʩչ쾡¡ӥŊZһ׽צԴĶṦӥƾһ׺ݵצУ˽˽ǣֵ
ֻǣǰİҫɲѰˣսḻٳӦ䲻ν졣
žžž
һϸ΢ĹǽžӰҫϷ崦ҪȻһӲҶĵצľ롣
Ҷ˫üһƣ͹֮ûмҫʩչֻ飬ʵԾСδšܻɣҫɱϹǴӿɽׯϰãƷɼȻܴɱУǶ͹أҲǳ֮֡
⼸צգǸ˰ҫɳֻ֮˫ǰһתǰһĿռʱ֦Ҷתһ㽫ҶİΧƾճһֱҶĶȥ
ƣޱߣ
ҶıƵʵûа취֪ԼѾʧȻǿҲжЧǣһͦżһܷ׷ɵһƬҶٿշˡҫҲϣסȻǷҲͬƣԻиʹɱǣչ͹
ģСӻĻͦ࣬ⶼܹҶæмܣ֮ǰʽצĲƣ鸡˲ѱԷѹס
ҫȭ׶նУȭϹҶĽڽڰˣۿҪмܲס
˴ʽ¸Ϊȭűԣ˴˶ڰеϢۻָٶȣ澭ƺ΢ȡҶĵųŵأȲסҫұۣ֧ŵĽżһһƵҫ˫צͿסҫùǡ
ʱֻҪһ𣬾ܰѰҫùǲ𿪣߽ɥʧж˫צû˿ãΪץˡ
ҫùٴλͬʱһĺţֱҶŶȥҶҲʾһתұ۱ıֱͬӥչֱֱӥצһѱսƷڶնҫʺ
ӥŊZնף
һצƵðҫֻȫˣٴ롣ҫʺһ˿΢ʹд֪Լϰ֣ʹԴңºҲᱻ˺
עŶԷһԲͬʱ˫Ŀһɣű˴˱ȥ
ҫȫȫ˳һȻȻҫŸոʥ֮ıߣʱѵˣȫת۷壬εȻ۳һĻʽʹݿ࣬Ҷ
ƺƴһƣȴûжҶĵľû˿Ӱ죬սɸǡǷɴܵΣڵһһǰ˫ݺύ񲻿ɵĵȫ֮ʽŻ˺Ѷȥ
ƣɽ
ӥŊZչ
䣡
籩׺ذľ죬ŵܵҰӴܲѡӿˣˮɢ֮һЩСһľļǣķΧнʮ֮ԶȻ˺ܲˣʮ֮һҵ
˶ƴǰһ̣֮УĽŲĴй䡣һǺõķǳΪƵ°ˣʱ֮á
ԽԽ˷ܣӿȡһһĺɫϸ״ķĳʮ״Ƿ
ϸ̫֮ʱһɿ񱩵ֱһԾɵıܿˡ
ͬʱһ΢ġꡱджϿصϸסˡ

һĽ֮ҫҶĶԺʱľ죬й֮޲ͬʱһԺȷһָϽ˵ص뷨ж죬Ӷ졣


ڶʮ 쭵밵ľ
ҫҶĶͬʱԷĿˣǸո֮һĽ˵ĶУʹǻеĺëΪ֮һһȻ
ǸҶģҿҪ͵ɣȻȥòͣúýһĵáָоٲߵĻ¾Ҫͷˡ
ҶҲͬҫĻһĵͷӸոյǸѾ֪˭ˡ
ֻǣʱǶڲ뵽뿪ѾΪʱԭѾƽ˾֣ٴξһ΢硣
ĺǹ죬ֱֿ˶ȥ䷶Χֻڶ˷Բһ֮ڣһ֮ȴûа춯
ͬʱһ̤ȥΪǶˣɹķΣգǷҶȻƬһ㷢㺮⣬ǵˣ΢ͬ˶ƵãĸŶ˵Σþòɢ
ű˴ǰȺ׷΢磬ͬʱֽɢеҶʱ·ɢٴθеǣЩҶ·۾һ㣬Ǽȥ
ҫüͷһ壬ʩչͰҪЩͬҶ֮ǰģʱ˿̵һƻԵ鸡ޱȡ
һԵҶռԼʥ֮һѾȫֻҫò˶٣֮ǰĽսѾʹڵʣ޼ʹ澭죬Ҳָ̼һյһʵֻʵˡ
Զ˵ķգۼѱ٣аҶ˲佫˵ķǧٿס˵Ƕ˵ķͬ裬Ҳһöû𵽣Ҷڴ͸ǵʱ߰˷֮࣬漴˵Ӳ¡
ĽǷҫҪʤҶĲٵģϾʱ򣬰ҫ屻ǿϴüΣټϽ巨ĴøֽҲΪҶֻǻۣȴûиκεơ
һԵҶģʱҫһʵŲСĲࡣֻϵۣ˵ĳֲпڣÿһпļǳǳѪۣ˵Եеҡ
һ΢춯˷漴̧ͷǰһŴϡëһ㣬ӯվһϸ֦֮ϣĿ϶¸Ŷˣ̬䣬ɷŶ˵һ΢ŭ
Ʈأһ˫ĿŶһԲӣСһ飬΢𣬿ͷϡ
ҫɫΣɦɦͷ뿪ںȰһöһ֮ƣͷ
ǴӷĹ켣ɾȫͬնҫҶһѽȡ
Ҳͬðҫͷʹѵԭ򣺡ַ֮ǰûùѵһǰǰʽ
ҫҵ˫ݺύһƬĲӰеİ£ϴ뺮˫΢΢ĲǶŭ
һҶĻ͵Ц֮ʱͬΰҲɿҾٶȱҫߣҪǿ֣ҽУѽӣⲻҰҰҫҲзݣôԺ˱ˣⲻƽ
͡һЦ˳ͬʱһߣ˫۴ĳɶϵĻ裬˷һ΢磬ϸ΢ڶ֮ʱ
ĿⶸȻ쳣΢΢΢缴ɱɿ磬ʱ֦ܵҶӭ籩꾪ףǳԹֱŶ˱ӿȥ
ߣòĶǻˣʮ壬Чȣľ裡
зνƣ۵糸켣仯ˣ˲Ѹݶصչֵ쾡¡
ҫҶĶͬʱһۣ΢΢ͷ˴ַ˳Ҳ̽һνİľкر֮˵ɴڵĶûзƷİַδŵģһʱҪ̽
Ҷķҫ˫ƽ䱳ţΪȫעڡҫڵľҲ֮ӿϢֲͬȻûв˿ų⣬ˮ齻ڰںһ
ҫƶ˳ƺһ֮лɽ֮ǰҶĶƴʱҪǿ֣ξӿ
Ѿͷȫ
һ֮һʹҫѣĴĿ˵ľģаЦ̽ңãǿۡҫ磬ǧҪСŶ
ʱ֮ǰʩչķ裬ѱɢƵֱ˵û˿ľţһ˫۽һ׶ΰȳ㽫ǡ
ľӳᣡ
İһ󷭹ֻգ֮㽫٣ʣɵķ룬ٴγŶ˱ȥ
ҫҶĶͬʱĿһཻ£ָٶȣȻ˵ָҪ졣ȣ澭ƽͣһĻͨС
ڵֻڼݵĺ䣬Իָ߳ҡҶһᣬͬӰʹӥצУɱ
ϰҫ˫۽ת˽ǰİȫһϢ֮䣬Щѱҫǣס漴˫һչȫ롣
һֵᾢϡޱߡ˾ţ˵õǡôԶҲǱһĻԵһСҫأΪʽӲӲֱӹû뵽ԭдϸѽ
ҲҶ룬ջ˼ǰҶɱĸǰֻٿһӷ˫աֱͦͦն˫硣״˫תͬСͷ֣˫۵Ĵ¾ͺ仯ƬӲԲУҶĵ˫צѸ͵иȥ
漴һֽӵĦֻڱĥʱŻֵȻĳֳҶĿԼСϵѪۣˡ
ˣʲôȽҴмǿԵʽƿҲˡѧʽ緱ǣӾľȥǿƿѧҲûУͬҫĻƣġɽǿһʽٳǡֻ۾ƿԼôܲȡ
ԣ⣬Ȼƽʱһģһִ֮ԲͨӣͬʱҪϟo˪Ĵ߶Żµи
Ҷİĥһ̧ͷһЦ˫һ٣Ͷ˼ҲֱӴͷɹҫ
ԶİҫҶĵľ֣ҲǰҡͷҲȻˣֲƴֻǴ£˵ǻһһĳɹѣҲûҪô档
ֻɲٰʱ䡣еһ˫ֳָģһָţëϸֽȰչһתָһеϸ
⻹û꣬˫СͬϷһ㣬ÿһηת䶼вٵϸɳ˵ǰ̣һ˽һˡ
ҫ磬׼䣬һҪһСľѩ룡
ҫһƬ麹ƲѣСѾͷҲ̫ˣ㵱ʱĶ⿿һܰʽ˵ȥӣҵʡˣ
ʵҫε뷨ΪǰϸΪõʽȥ񻹲ǰʽʵȻǬ
Сսⲻ֪ٳĿеŵϸǰ棬಻ԼܣԻȥǣı䷽ʹ串ǷΧɢ󣬵ʱּϸ룬˵˷ضδȫ¡
Լ㣬ǵǳ⣬ԼüǿʽֱӽЩϸǿӲĺɢɼʱ˶ԼҲԲСҲ˻ԼôȥӦԶ䶨ˡ
ʵһ֮нսʱԱһ㶨ĵ㣬ʹԸġټﲻɳôİȥĶԷԼݴͣĶܺ㡣
ҫ˦˦Դ֮ǰһ߰뷨ȫ׿ת΢£һͻ棬һȵ粨˰ɢһСػԭ˽ɵķ롣
֮һתȥáͰһУʵϲˡֱܵʣ͵ĽΧͺγһƵáʣµķһ뱻죬һ򱻵֮⡣
һп˵ǡͰ롮ޱߡĽϡ
һҫЦѾͷûʧɣ
ɱҫǰͳ嵽ĻϲҫˣˣŪĶҪҴٰ֣һ
ҫԴԶҶЦŵ˵ͷԷҲǱϵЦӦ˶һµ˴֮䶼㡣
˵ͷϵУƷ̤նЦ⼸Сһ治ҫûѧãǸ֮ģ
һ䣬Ʒɵ壬ֵʧ


ڶʮ ȡɽ
һ֮󣬿ʼɽׯԵıԣ˿ûиоѹ磬Ѿʼлˡ
˵ʵ㼸첻ԲȣתҲʲô󰭣ɱϾеĳԣֻܱάҪãûʲôζ
ڻɽׯ·ϣʵҫ磬֮ǰտʼֵʱҷڵCDûУҵİ׾ٵĵٷһӴôһӻָô죿
ҫͷ˼һᣬڵӦҶĵľ澭˼ӿָðɣʵҲǺסʱҵʱлָٶȼһ࣬ߣҲӦòɣ
һԵҶǿЦֱҲͺģ澭һ߻ֻҪʲôаĶںϣ벻Ч񹦵ĸͳң죬ͨ澭ĸͽһԸ̼󣬻ٶȻȹȥüҫֻңлŵ֮Ҳռ˿
֮˵ͷжԾ澭һ˽⡣ȥҶĺ˺ܶ࣬ʵһ仰ݾǣϽͣܲ
ڹķ䲻˵ţëɳǧǾԲ˵ġָڹķԼһԣʹͬҲǻнΪϸ΢Ĳࡣͬһ㣬ͬķԵĸߵͲࡣ
澭ǿɰ߷ǿ״̬Դ֮ЧΪͻа֮ᱻĥ赲
ӣʲôģôôסҵĹҵҡҶĲʵ
Цصۣǰ͸ҵģ˵Ƕo˪кô𵽷á
~~~ۣ
ҶɵˣǶ汦ϱ˿˿ͬ֯ɡϱ˿ٶܣǼӲߣˮ֣Ѷϵ֮⣬һص
ǾǶбԵڹķһļӳãУǻָżǿĸ
˿ֻһǾǼͣϱ˿Ҫ͡ѰͲ˵ˣҲҪﵽ뻯֮ϵʹòƿ֮ﵽƵڼٻ֮ʱ̶ȾԸϵ֮С
߻ϣǷǹǿţҽǧ궼ֵڶֲϵĲʵٵĿһۣҪģһЩҵ
۲ԣϡжȶԣڽо۷֮С񴩹ˣҲûһڱϵġ
ҶҲֻǾһСᣬ漴Цһ϶ˣƷɸĶƽӹ֮ô
˱߱ģҪɽׯ֮ʱһǶߡ
Ƕ¥Ҫ˵̣
ҫ˻һͬʱ¥ȥɽׯеһ¥УƮƮҲһѣ֮ǰ˶һĵá
˫ĿһĺһʱѾһǰŷ츲صı仯Ǿ磬ʽԲͬնʵ߳ȥֹ
ʦãҲ߰ɡ
һϥƮƮҲ۵˵ͷ漴ߣݺݵҧʦ֣ҶʵԸ߳Ǹİҫ١һ֮ҲѾȥʦһҪúýѵ֪ŵĴۡ
ЦŸ˸ĳڵİʦãѹܵĶһһ
˵֮ƮƮ뿪ͷ¥ȥ
ͬʱִҫٴμʱгƵζͬʱǾΥĸ֮߰ɫ
ҫʦܣ֪һ֮ǰԼһۼҫʱ˵ĻгģͺҫѾǰˡ
ҫҲһ£˿Ҷֻؿ壬װɵ㶵壬ȷҪô
˿ŰҫıΪˣƮƮԼ⻹ǵǸ޵еİҫôôһˡҪ֪УǾ͹¸ʦֿͷȥҲͲƽˣ
ǸȻɫѾʼȥˡ˻һҫЦЦͬʱЦղͲûشˡ
ʱƮƮеŭΪʵܰɽׯճһƬɻңֻҩеȪڱŭյҪѵҫʱȴһıס
Ҳ˵һ˿΢Цǰİҫû˿ķŭ֮ɫһֹž޲ĸоһ־ֵ̬Űҫˡ
壬һ飬ȷҪôҫֹסЦظʵ
Һȷôʦֿһµ׽˶٣ص
ҫ΢΢ҡͷǲȱ֣һͿʼƮƮȻˣȻˣôһֱƯһͿء
ҿҪȽǰҪ˵꣬ǾֳԣҲýǰһΣһ˿Ŀ⣬ֱĿˡ
˵ܼ򵥣ν˫شҫսȰ壬Ʒɵĵٰһٰܣ÷ڰҫôȫûеĹ
˵ͷ뿪ڣƷٴϢĳڴУЦٵˣھͿʼɡ
ͬʱȿڣڴʧˣǰʦܱд裬˵ǵ㵽ֹɱϾۣһʱղ֣Ҫͷǰ־һ£ô˵һֻʣǼˣ
Ʒüͷһ壬Цһ˵˵ˣ̬ˣʼɡ
⻰˵ûиӣҲֻˣҪô
ҫĿԣ֮佻Ҳһˣǰ߾ûӮҲ˺ģҲҪҫݺݵĻܡ
壬һΣҪôڷڻļҾ͵Ǿ仰û˵ҫľޱ飬˫۽塣
ʦܽʱͬգûвıǮˡһ䣬˫һһϢ֮ҫǰֳɽֱָ̰ҫüġ
ҫһ漴ָƵĶһӴ˲䱻׷ɶȥ֮ʱĿ˿Լʹָͬʱǰİҫ
ܲŸոշһУԼǷùᵤģڹΪѴﵽɽˮ׼Ǵʱһ˵ʵǾԼ϶Է
Ȼȡ裬Ǿ͹ֲˣѹΣ㶼ҵġνɣûӮ
ؽҧмһ仰˵̫磬ãվʶʶ棡
ν֮ʣҫһ̤գ۵ʱ䶼ԳǰٶȿĲ˼顣һ̧һνĽĩˣհεһĳָ˻ȥ
˫ĿһɣǰĻаҫӰڣͻȻоâڱ·һ˫۾ֱĶıšɾͷ֮ʣָоʧˡ
һֻԳ֮ڣһľ룬۾Ƴƣһ亹̫Ѩϻ䣬ͷһء
ҫ죬Ӧʱ䶼ûУоĪһ㣬ҲһֱںԵĶԼڽѵ˾ԭ̤ô
Ʒüһ΢ľȣСһôİȻѻͰзƷתɲ츳Ҳеš
ʦ֣˼֮ǰ䣬˿㣬νɣҼʶʶҫЦ漴ջƣ˳һɶԶľ롣
ṦڹԼȫȲ϶ԷҪƽܡϰҫϡ䣬бɱܣǰ߸ϵֻǼϢ֮䣬ͱҫݺݵĲڽ¡
ʱԼһɡС״̬û׼ã֮ʲôɶá𵽰οԼãֻҲҫȷȷʵʵ۴κη涼ǿûٶȣ޲ߡ
岻ģܲģԲľôڰҫϡʣת㡣гһĶþòɢ
ҫһĽ-ͣ
һȣʱ磬ɽĽâϯ֮ƣֱ˰ҫȥη֮ǿѹǣһѡ
ͶңһҲѧƤë츳ԣԲƷ
⿴ƾ춯صһʽȴûѰҫŵֻ̽С۳ʽתÿתһȦƥһ֡
޿֮ʱȻȭȼȭֱ˵ķʽһȭѹǰеĽâ
еĳ񱩵ȭѹɣԼһѪڵһ㣬ײǽϣ֮ء
ŵ͵ٴһѪŰҫĻ֮ǰǷݸ߰벻меֻǿ־뾪һȭһκݺݵĺġ
кܰƮƮСͣ۾ɵûĻӦԾ֮ƣҫŪڹ֮С뷨Ҳûȫʵֻǰһ¶ѡ
Ҷľͺ˼ˣ˫һգգĿŰҫͫ׶ˡҶĵľٶе˿ЦˡֻŶȸƵҶҲţߺ裬߿ŹӣͲûкˡ
ƷҡҡͷһӣһصΧգ֮Խոܵ˸ˡ
һߣ˵ŷСһ˿аǹͷֻΪЦƷɵĻ˵ĺֱӣҲֻܹԹԵĵͷ
ڽѵ֮ƷɽԴתҫЦ㣬СһıҺ⣬񹦽ϹȻȷġ
˽һ㶣ǰҫû뵽ܹõ֮ǿôߵۣ϶ðˣȥţʱˡ
ʼգ˵ˣҫɱǶûãʽ׾ٵĻ壬Ҳûж١ټԻƵСĶȫһ뷨Ʒ͵ġ
ѧʽôǾҪôȥˡֻһһ۵ȥѧȥãµһķʽҲֻܷʮ֮һˡһ㣬Сһĺܲ
ô˵İҫý֮ģ˵׼ҲհҫΪͽɡǰҫʵڽܽ۷֮СһԵϢģ綷ܵĹһԲվǡ
Ʒɶ԰ҫۺܸߣ߸ܳæȭǫǰǰŪˣлǰ֪֮ǰ̻塣
˻һƷɵЦŨˣڰҫߵǳƤգû꣬ͲûֱƷǰʦˡҫĿ뷨ֻãƷȻҲûͽ˼Ǿ˳Ȼɡ
ˣˣСѾͷҲգˣҲ³ǶȥʰʰɽɣƷɰ˰˵
ҫͬʱһʵǰǺ⣿
˵ĲôʵҲʲô߽õɽɡ


ڶʮ ս
Ʒɵһ£ֻûȥʰԼңʵҲ˼ʱĴɽϣĴڣûһΡ
£ĥǵѪ־˽еĶթûһĵѪӰǵĳɳ˵ûаֺô߽ڽеĶԹ𣬲Ƕõ
ƷɵҪ뿪֮ʱƷȴס˰ҫʣֻգ֮ʾѾڴŽյ⣬εҡҡͷɵͨĲġ
ΪֻסҫˣӦʲôȽܵ²֪ҲֻϢˣĬĬĻԼʰȥˡ
СѾͷףǰɸ봫ңȥһˡƷɺһ裬ϵЦΪŹ֡
˵ͷʵǰףģ
Ʒɵͷǣֻǽ仰öͬʱĿɿڴ
׻˵ˣһȥúÿʲôſôʶ࣬ҹմŮ
ŰСһֶ˵ɫҫ±ƣ׵ĻУоԼȥףƻ벻鷳ɱ֮ǾԲУͷöǿ϶ġ
ƷɿŶ˵ı飬Цѽֲʲôɽ𺣣ŮҪĸ˵ˣСһһҪȥ͵㱨Ҷʲô֪֮߰ɡ
һôζˣҫĦ͸Ʒɵ뷨ֻܱȭǣҲ˺ģΣҲҪõĸϿɣҪҵһȥػ˭
һԵҫ½ǣ˫ˮĴ۾Űҫ·ѯʡҪȥôҫ˸Դ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ˣˣɿˣȥʰʰɡҫúסҪƣҫüͷ΢΢һ壬ͻȻǰľеģһʱѾˡ
˶һۣҡͷԳԼķȥҫ˼ţƣǰǺ⣬ѵйء
ƻʱ֣ҫԵƬյأǰ֪ǲͣһҲǶԼҲô̵ʱĽ
ҫյյ֮ϣǾ޴¹֮£Եðˣǰ׶ģһλ߸ϵľɫ˫ͫǰİҫ
ǰվҪӽǰķԸɽȥˣлǰһ¶ı޲ߣмպлᣬҫȭ˵
ǲڳˣΧŰҫһȦȦߣӴҫΧŵһ亹дţ֮ǰٸҴһɣ˵ҪսӦɽµȺˣǰҪҲֻ÷ˡ
Ȼҫ뷨ûзͺһǾ޴ͷ­Ȼᶥ˶ҫֱۣȻһͺ𣬺ڶ԰ҫ˵һ·СġƵáҫҲȻ˼оǲ죬漴չһЦǱҪͷ­תȥ
ȥãƷɳںߣ΢ЦʵСڣСһô
𣡡𣡡𣡡
ޣϣĳɾͣʱôߵ۰ɡⷽߣ´Ǹطʱ򣬸ȻԽԽãϣβϴǰǱɣ

峿ʰң˱Ʒɵ𣬿ɾƷѾɽׯ֪ȥ
޷룬ƼʹƷû뿪ҲǣһµĽӴǵλǰ˵ϲֱֱȥᷱڣƽԵòһ񣬺⡣𣬻⵽ʹء
ɽ֮ʿνμƮƮһԵ棬ʱһӴҫıܿǸǵһ㹻ӡҫǰ棬һ·Ҳ⣬˵Цġ
˸ɽʱѾȲסȥ·
һΪǻһӶɽϣͷڹأһ¿ǺõȰ
ڰҫǰĲǱˣһǰɥлսţֶһˣǲվ¶˶ʮˡ
СӣҪһֱɽǻûޣȻͶǾͲҪҵĺˣ
лŵĻո˵һɱȵƷֱǿ񱩵ƾӿһʰлʱһĲû뵽Է˵ʹ򣬸оԼżƵá
Ҫʹôϻ㵱ڳϷأҫıһƣֱлȥ
лҲҵһǰΪг˲СͬĴɲٷˣǻת˲ȫ˳һȭ
飡
ȭཻڶսͬʱһȺ£ȫˡ
лˣ˵ĺԶ֮ԶҫеסΡ
ܣл֪ҫһӦûٶ̶ȣѾΧ
лŬƽԼеľκˣаŶԷǾǰĵ̣츳ҪôսԼȫҪô̸ϾɱպΪԼĻ˵İʯ
ʱ䱦󣬽ڣԼĶְɣҫŤͷ˵
ҶֱƮ磬ʱѾսŵǰЦŻүӵĪ֮ܣվСӿ۽ɣ
СӣĪҪſϷվԴСһΣ֪ڽҪ𱰡
ϵĹүûʵְˣ˵õĻѧƨĹ򰡣
νսһƮƮҲţͬʱ񽣳ʣ˴ϣĽӰŮɢһ㣬ˡ
ҲǲĳȭӦԣȭƴ󿪴ϣȭ籼ףлһҲһȭ֡
ؿлֱֻһᣬס£֪ҫߵǰ֣ȡȺսĻΪǡҫһôֲĽοˣʱ涯Լ˹Ҫʧˡ
Ͼһİ˵ȺսϲĳʱҲûȥˣֱһ֮ˡ
лһȥƣһգֱ۶ʱһƬɫ·̸һ㣬ȭͷС֮ϣѾС֮ģʹúʽеġСϢˡ
СϢȭעʽı仯صȭϵǹĥƣ˲ݻٶԷķһ㣬ҫڵᡣ
СӣĪҪΪԼеͿԷˣ߽ʱ㻹ûأ
⻰ƷɵĿУҫķڷΪԷʵʸȥ˵Ļл˵кǲм
˵İҫֻǸʥ֮ıԵҪƿԷȫʩչƵ»ǿƿģοĸڶ˻£ԼžԵģտ԰ѶԷ¡
ҫߵʹ˸ɫʾԼ֣ͬʱץסȡһɱµĵ˵ͷ
֮󣬰ҫȻ棬ڵͨĳڵ֮ϣһˣ粨˰ɢ֮л̺΢ȸС
ƣػԭ
лСӣ˵һҧʮ¾°ҫʲôߣǲҸӲֱӷ
ֻٴι󣬰ҫûнʥ֮ûеŵĳ̶ȡþ߳ϵһûԿԡʵĺܣֻҪл΢þƿΪɹ»
ֻһת˫ǰת֮ǰһƻҪǿʮ纣Хһ㣬ߣлİΧм䡣
ƣޱߣ
Сѧ˾ƷһǰѲ˸ϵ
лʱг˾ȻĪļʣɵָδʸȥܣǰһǰԼ°ܽСȻǱָһ£ôܲõеĶʼ֮ȼա
˵ʱʱ죬лСϢȭ״̬£ȭȭȭǧ̼佫ܵɢֻɢ󣬻΢΢һҫץסᣬźݺݶأһŷȥڵһװֱлȥ
ڵԽתԽңֻ֮в׵ľ룬ҫڵѾȼ㣬񱩵һ֮Űҫһͺȣһӿл
ƣɽ
һƣǰǰģǰֻǰҫöԷĽС΢ȡյԷԼѡֹֻѣûνƿԡ
ɴʱ˿̵һƣ˵ȫȵĻ𾢣ǺơûѶԷųлһ˲ԵȫСϢ״̬µȭȻ
䣡
⾪춯صǧըҩıըڳ˵߶ҫߡغİҫɫ԰ףոһƼþڵ漴ϥ߶ڵĻָ
һԳڰҫߣ䱸Ϊҫ
елеˡֻһֻ˵ĶϳС񣬻ðŵḷ́׹䵽ϡ


ڶʮ սѪȭ
廨صлǺεﶼĺܣΪıȲɵжǿ䱾ʵ֮ǿټĽпԳƵһе۷ڡ
λһ֣񲻼İҫϾȻ߲УȻ˹Ϣĳոպƣ֮ڰл⸱ʵľѡ
ϼһˣ㶼ѱˣйıô
ҶĵЦսŵעֳֻеˣĪṦ֪ʱҶһ˫ӥצֱıŶȥսҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣһƣ
һͷĳСϷҪҡֺף
˵ʽԺ䣬纵װը죬Ҫ˶ĤƣҶĸֱӱ׷ɳ֮Զס֮˦˦Ƿ˫֣˫ӥһֱսš
ģϼһһˣôͣӲӲϲߣɴλɣ
Ҷջ˼֮˫һչͬӥչһ㣬磬֮սǰûֱӲƴֻǳŶԷһЦ֮һ
ֿƺƣĹ˻սŵŭ֪ԼṦԷ£Ȼ׷ȥ
ϼһұṦʡʡɣˣٽȶܸϵϱүġ˵ҲϣһͣһᣬֱͲ濩
СӣϷղĲΪˣ
ҶһԼļȻãô׷ɣԾ澭ԣ׷ҹδԼ½ǡ
˾ô׷ҸϣӰ·ɣȺ亹ֱ֮ǰ˵ĶԻǺΣҲԳ֣սŵƢǻ֪ģҪһˣԼĳֲ֤˻սŵܣҪѹסСôǳֺã˼ҵƨɣֻĿϴûгֵĴ㡣
ڻսſ˵Խ׷ԽҶ֮ľʼձһ֮ԶŶξ쉋ôᾢˣ޵죬üŭĿ
ϼһҲǵģȻ㲻һεҡҡͷԷƢóȻ֡
㻹ʱȥô崭Ŵɫʵ
Цһеģ
ʱ״̬֮ؤҲò϶٣ͷɢڣų֣ͣ麹ɫ԰׵һŰֽһڿڵĴ֪˻Ϊء
֮ǰ˵֣ǵûռˣǱԷɱƬײ֮ǰıУƮƮֱһȭдıȥһԣʧȥս֮
ˣ΢ĩ죬ϼֱ˷ѣ罻ȫʬΣ˽ñҿӸˣüĵһɰԵе룬˫ֱĶеĳ񽣣̰ѾΪ
Ѫеȭ־Զ循ȳʱѾʼ⡣
־ԶЦһСӣ㻹еʶȻ֪˭ӦҲ֪ҵֶΰɣԹԵİѳϣѣ
ѪʮǰһʱѪӵѪ״ӣֱȭȡ콣񵶡졢ݵء
˸͵һʥڣߵ콣Ǵﵽ֮˵óһڽжһе۷塣
Ѫӵ˵ɱ޶ͽ׼֮Ұļ󡣸һĴ֣֮һȷѪ꣬ѪԹ㶫Ϊģ·ϵѪӵİͼҰ֮ƺҪݡ
ȻɵĲЩɵӣ˵ɵǣѪӵȻ㷢սеֿԼս̩ɽ֮ۡһأѪӵ˵Ƿŭޱȵݣųϵŭաǿʼϣȥ̩ɽۣ֮״ݻǲһѪӵ
Ǹϵ̩ɽ֮ʱֵȴǵĲʲôǧеֻһߡ߶һֳű̩ɽ֮ӭսǧɸ֣սҹѪɺӣ˵ʱնѪӳɰɫƾһ֮ȺɱƬײߵֻˡѪƺţҲǵʱߵ
̩ɽһ֮󣬸Ѫӵ棬ͨͽѱŷѪӵİͼҲڲϵٶȼ侪ˣѪӵѪ֮⣬¸˲űƣͽһʱ֮һͳ֮ơ
ֻǿѪӵȴһҹ֮䱻֪ȥѪ汻׷ɱǧ˲Σ׹¶ͽӴܣǱж𣬾˴˲
ҲϾ֮ʱɽ˵νšǰλȭ֣ǵʧٵѪ֮һȭ־Զ
־Զһ˫ȭͷԳƵǰɸգ޼᲻ݣĶһǱһ˫ȭҳ⽴Ѫɱȭǹ׺ݣףȭһʩչѪմѪԽԽ
ʱԥԶڵϢİҫʱеǿʱĻûϨ䣬ڰҫǰ䣬ʹԷʵǿΣԼ벻ģκζҪǿҡ
ϼһʱ͹ȥˣϻѣ軣˭
һȣȫ·ӿĵ罬׻˳ɳɵĲ֮⡣һͷǵ磬˫ֳͫĵɫʱ·һ㣬ǴƻΣˣͷǷ
װŪӾͿֶܱá־ԶЦһ˿ûаǰƱ˵ΪǰĿֻһʱ״̬־ãһɱͬ̽ȡ
ʵʵ־Զ뷨ȫһ¡ȻҲ֪ɲԷʱ䣬Լ״̬ĵ
ָֻֽһһ˿羢ֱӱȪ֮ϣһɣеĳûӦأָðĵ羢ǣһ֮
漴ǰһָȪ·֪һ㣬ֱӱٶ֮绮Ƴյ磬ֱ־ԶüĶȥ
ۿһҪ䴩־Զü֮ʱ߿ûа־ŵľٶֻȭұۺһãǧһ֮ʽȪͬʱȭǰһ䣬ס˳档
һͺȣ̺ˮӿڣֱӽɣĵһֵȻûռʲôˣҲȡһЧ忴һ˿ʤϣ
־ԶüͷԼȭͷһϸС˿ڣ˿ںССֻһְˣ˿ڶָ˵ƨǣսӰȫԺԲƣ־ԶУȴʼһССĴ
ҵֻƾ֮ͿԳԽľô
ͷ˼֮ʣһչʯ֮ͷ֮ϣ˫һУȪɻСֻͺһ˫ʹâ羪κˣڣһйע־Զɶȥ
ĽŭΣ
ȻѪ˲Ļܻô־Զջ˼ǰϲĽâЦһ
һĻˣ֮ǰȭͷϵһ˿ڣȻѪƮԽԽ࣬Щ彣âеСǵѪҲĻ۵־Զȭͷϡ
ЩѪҺҲɢȻΧ־ԶСȭͷ֮仺ʵǹĪ־ԶһЦȭǰĽâʱһƬɽѪ˽â٣֮ұһ΢ĽȻգѪͬһֱʣеĽâȫ顣
ѪɱȭһʽѪ죡Сӣ־ԶŭһҪǰʤ׷ֻǰĻˣʧ
Ӱȴһ㣬ϵĳ־Զߣ֮˼Կ쵽Ҷĵĳ̶ˡ
ÿһ׵Ӱһնƣÿεնλöͬ·Ҫٷʬһ㣬ֻǶԷɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ˫ȭʹȭӰݺύصõܲ͸硣ɼʱˣӲƾ˫ķ񣬸ԷһĽˡ
¾ŽĻؽʽõ쾡£ݱµĹʽȻ־Զֻһʱ֮ԱҲԼĿġ
ѪɱȭҪѪѪԽԽʢϢ֮־ԶݵĿ֮һһ˫ȭ½棬Ѫ˫ȭ֮䣬ϧ
ѪɱȭڶʽѪ͵أ
һȣȭȻأװľصܾþòϢѪȪһ㣬ܷȥеĲӰûл
־Զŵأֱȥһ˫Ѫȭ籩кߣüͷһ壬˫ʩչ鶯Ƿ˫ӶĻ磬ʵʸ˸оͬˮ֮£徲ΪǰеȭӰȫŲƵ
Ľ塤顤鶯ķ
νرʧ׻ܿ͵õӡ֤־Զȭݽʱֱһȭķأһȭˡ
סΣȥǵѪʱ̬Ѿظɹۣڵȥ֮߰ˣ˵״̬鸡ֻû֮ǰǰ㣬־гӿս⡣
СӣǿˣʵҲҪΪոնӶǸɣ


ڶʮ ƺ
ҫӽ첻ɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
лŭֱʣʱνǻͷðŵһսζϵò֫ļ֮⣬ļطԵúܲˡ
˵ÿֶԴݿ֮ȡʤɽվȻİҫ˹Ǳ˵Ʋأĸݲ°ɳӡľ̬ûըķΡ
ɼʹˣҲһ˿СưҫԷʱչֵʵ츳ڽоԳƵһ̳
ҫһЦջڵϢʵѾָ߰˳ңɼ񹦵Ļٶʵ
ȥȥһ䣬Ҳûĳɹ˵ôлҫЦĴ̼лÿһ񾭣һ죬ַӶҪƤǵļơ
ãСӣӳʱ»㣬Ϊһ㣬ղò
л֪ӽղպسɴ󻼡ֻ˫һɣȫа֮ƺӷһ㣬ӿ
ԭһֱϵɫ·ͬʱһֱϳ֣˫۵ɫ·ʹлƴﵽ㣬ǷѪ˫۽Űҫһͺȣϯܡ
ʽѣСӣ֮ͣ£ԺЦȪˣ
лЦԼһгšһ䣬ǿֱҫֻգ֮䣬ǰ˫ȭȻ
ʱİҫѹʱһᣬͬһżתݣ˫Ʋܡ⿴Ƶˮ©ķȴл˫ȭ׾ٵĹƣīȭ񹦵÷ֺʣ
šͰķƿлһĽȫ֮УʱһߣǵصȭӰǧ֮ƣȥ
ҫĿһȻûѡӿȭӰĸǷΧǵŶб£˫߳ȭӰķ϶УǵĹ켣Ƶлòջعơ
һǡš֮󣬰ҫ˳ƶͬһСɽĻֱлȥҲǲʾ˫ȭʹҫӲӲĶһС
飡
񱩵ɢȥһƬĳըòϢ֮󣬰ҫͷһǿһѪڵתаȭѹ˷֣ҫ·磬˴˹֮Ĳ࣬лһ֡
˱˴ŭĿӣ˫ʼ˼ŶԷлѾʼе΢ļ꣬ʽѹ¶ԷԼò߿ҫһۣǷҪʹռһʽ
ٶȣһ׹ȭѲֻܳһʽˡҫջ˼ֶƳһԵһۣһһϡͫһɫ˫Ȼ´
ҫһ˫۶ȻһеľⱩӿ˲˳˫ƽչƲθߣȼ㡣ͬҵĽȵ渲ڰҫϣе¶ȶʼޱȡ
еİҫͬеľԾ֮ƣֳÿһ˶ݺݵһĭлĬĬ˹аĺϢռһʽҪӴƶһʱҪȰҫϲ١
һʽٳǣл
һ춯صıȣҫ˫ǰһƣ̩ɽѹ֮ƣ˾ͺ׹һ㣬ֱԴл
ԲѵСǣ
˵ȭཻνǵضɽҡҫհĻ𾢣ֱӽԷĺ𣬶лµĵѾܲסҫľѺܼӿȻһһֱɵԲξ޿ӳǰ
Сӣвҹȣһ治Ķ֣ϧˣĵˣɣ
лЦһҪط֮ʱҫȴǳһ˿ЦһĪĴл˫һ͹ЩһѪʮҪѨһö
ҫֲµһ˲䣬һֱ޶ԵȻ֣ȵľлڷΪһ̡һй䲻Ͻлݺݵˤһͷ
~~~~~~
лŭͬŭʨȫʮɣӿƳϵİͬʱҫˡ˫еѪ˿Ҫ۰ĿлҧгݵĿҪȭһ̣ͻȻԼȻ˲ơ
˵İҫһؾͼٳл˵ڵʣ޼ĽڣҲǮ֮һҲһʩչٳǡǿһʽ
ֻҫ΢΢һͣ˫ȼҪȱѣ˫ֳצһԾлɳľһԾͣ˫צסԷ˫һһǱϥײлļ֮ϣл˲ƣѪ̲סɽ˫չļƣ޷©ٳ
ǰһЦһʳָһöڡһӣ΢΢΢һתİƮ޶ǣ켣ãϷ⣬ӳ䣬ɭĸоɱ
硢ơɣأޡľ°䣡
ҫ˿лʱҲûʲô˼ʱ䣬ȭȭѸͣ񱩡һȭȴûнǰİ俪öˮ㣬ȻֱӱܿлһȭԲ˼ĽǶȻ֮ϡ
лһϣҫǰһã÷ڵأþȫҽųŵͷ­ݺһ壬лԴûϰ㱬ѣ棬һԻȥ
ҫ˲ͷ麹һ̲һ̱ڵϣ΢١ڰҫ޷£ǽлܣ̿Ƽ򵥣ʵ֣һ˿©пٲ
ҫߣϯضСźߴִƣ룬ҫл£Ҳǰй֮ǰľһսѿĿɿڴ֪ҫûս֮״̬ãװȥҲûô
ҫ磬лôðҪҪһĨӵƣȺˣëһ
ҫҡҡͷ΢Ц˰ɣЩֶͣ϶ĻֻѪȥȫɱˣǾĽ˲ݵĴ𣡡
ɵĵ˵ͷҲһۣػڰҫߡ

ڲԶдĺҶսŵս൱ҡ
ҶʵۺĿݣʽȥԸ߳һﲻֹһ̣ҲԽмƷɵ֮ǰþڤķڹȻɱǿÿתһӰ죬ʱţĽ
ԴӹԺоԼˡӽ󣬿˵ɣƾԾֻһ뷨صڽԼ׵ܵܽӳӴ˸ڤڶϾϵҵҫͬ
֮ǰҪǰѹضȹҶȶסΣսŵǲм߱ŭɶһСӣǲϷϷղɱ㣬Ϊˣ
УҪϹүŴģ
Ҷһչȣͬӥʳֱսţһ˫ӥצޱȡ߲ŲæŭĿԲŭһ֮Уӿң𾢷ϢҶĵӥצ
壡
ȵĻҶ˫ʹʱշˣҪ鹥ƣսųʤ׷˫˳ƶǱѵֱҲҶģӿ·Ҫǰһи֮һ档
ҷ𣡡
ƲһУûиҶĴѹ֪Լľ빦ԷԾԲԷӲӲһŤһƮ֦Ҷμ䣬ܿС
˫צ̽ץסսŵҼһšԷǽϴ죬Ҷһϲֻе˵ˣսŭһӣ俪
Ҷĵ̤ڻսŵ䣬ˣһշ֮תڵİȳз߷߲ƽģϹƴˣǾȥҫǱ費Ҫ֡
սŵұؽѱҶжһʱ֮ʹ飬ְסҼһšһϽϣһ˦󣬹ؽԶϡ
һԲ˫½֮󻺻꣬һ̵ζ漴˫ƴ󿪣⼱ת˫ƺϻǧһ䣬ӿȵĳһԽԽͺҶġ
ռһʽǧ׹ڣ
ʱĻսҪƾһУҶĺݺݵɱܣһɵģ׵Ϲ˵˵һͳУմô˵˰ɣ
һ䣬ŶأŶԷҶ˫ƽ٣תһᾢսŵ׻֮ſڿҪ˫֮ʱӰ·ɢǧצӰǵءսŵıͬһ㣬ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ȻֳǧϰٸҶĳΧʱѪɣҲ̶á
ӥŊZ츲ؾ徣
Ҷ֮ͣʱǰĻսûһõĵطͺձǧйһ㣬ڵϣһ


ʮ ٴħ
ҶŻսŵл߳˵ǰɱ˶ὣ־ԶʱҲòѹе뷨ֻ㡣
սлĲҰǹ˼ɣ˹Լֻڲ֮䣬˶ˣԼҪӲϣʵǡɾսӣС£ôǴˡĻ˵ֶΣԼ³²̫ÿ
ҶĽеĻսŶ£Ҳ࿴һۣԹԵһԵϢͬиոջİҫߣɻԲѵл½ӻء
ҫ˵ͷʾˣֳԼҲǲҲӣ֮ǰҫлĶս˵Ǿ۵ףҲͬĸоԼҫĲ࣬ԭڲ֪ԳԽĺ蹵ֻܹԹԵ˿һԣʼ˹Ϣ
ҫǰһǰѳɣҪڴȥô
־Զһ˫ĶŰҫ˿иڵߣǰװǻƣˣȥֻǣ
һԵЦһӹ磺ˣ㻹Ƿϻʲôֱӳѽ
һ־ԶŭѵƱǿԼһս֮ĳԼѾûбˣԼȻ˶࣬ǵʵҪǣưҫ˶ѣܰԼʲôæˡ
־Զǵĺȫ棬ֻҪҫҶĶͬʱ֣ܲɱԼҪ˵ǲסһʱỹǾûġ
֣֮ǿֲİַ޼ɵ¾ԼˡͬʱϢϣճ֣ĴһԼ˵ˣûаֵڡ
ǰǰһУԱ־Զȥһһ飬ʱ˿ᵽﻢĸ֡
սɣԼȫûʤ㣻ɣҲûа취潻岻ʱĶС
ǰĺܲף޽Ҳûʲô£ΪҪϾɱ
¶ѡ
ԸǷ˭ô
ûʸ֪
־ԶĴ𰸣ûа취⣬ǿϡϼһϣףʱ˿̵㻹ʲôǮǰšûҪ߼ʹҲסЩ£Ҹұ֤һ߲ˡʧƾһ˿±ɣ
ʱҶҲϢϣҫߣһĭһ˿ζע־ԶЦӣʲôֱ˵ˣͷôţҪ϶
־Զʵûа취ԼѾƽǽǣֻҫЭҧãҸ˭Ļʹܱ֤ǰȫ뿪ô
ҫߵ˵ͷЦ˵ɣҪ·ʲô⣬ɲŶ
ɾ־ԶҪڷ֮ʣһһɲǼˡֻ˫۵ɵͭ壬ſͣԭֳһۣ֪ʱһԳ־Զָֽջء
걳ŰҫˣЩµ˵ͷȺ˶˵սлٵȥϢ֮ԲӰ
ҫҶͬʱüͷһ壬һ֣ͬȴֹͷҲأҫһۣһԾ̼ʧ
СѾͷôߣҫոסԼҶĵľٶСɻ
Цҡҡͷ˵ô찡״̬ʮ㣬һ鶼򲻹ġ
ҶҲĵʣ˭Ȼ˵ǰɱΣô˼Ҳ̫Σ˰ɣ
˰˫ۣصѪϴ콣죡
ʲô
ҫҶͬʱһҲͬʱ˰ѺոԼڹŹһⰡסԼտ׶༪١
Ҷһµؿڣϲͣ߶ţããոûг嶯ȻúܲҵģҫһƳһۣд֡ǵϢ
ˣ޲ɢ֮ϯǾʹ˱ɣҶĻع˵
ҫ࿴˿Ҳ΢Цŵ˵ͷҫʵڤô
Ҷĵ˵ͷЦȻȥϹ˶ϣٰҵܵܽӳԺͿ˵ɣأ
ҸҪȥһ˱ҵһʦĵطȥ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһۣ΢΢һЦƣ˵ǽټ
ҫҲͬĵͷ΢ЦҶһգټʲôڲƽģӸŸҡ
Ҷһ˴ֵ֮岻Զһ֮ҶŤͷ뿪ˡ
ʱһԵƮƮ˹Ϣ£Ȼѣǰ˵ҫҲֵɣնǶౣأ
ҫ̾˿Ҳͻ˹ȥ˵ĵѱȣ˵壬ȥĶȥˣô˵ҲͬһţպʲôҪҲҴŰɣ
˵ͷҫǸӣƮƮȥ
˸Цҫ磬ֻʣȷҪȥôﲻ̫öԸŶ
ҫ˸㷢΢ЦСѾͷûµģﻹܳҰ˵һ˲ţֱӶǻأ
ŰҫɵЦѵأô찡
Ҳð죬ܣֱ˽£ҫЦ
ЦŰҫӣ˫ˮ˵ôˣ̰ɣ
ǣ֣ʼµó̡
뿪ͺƷһ׳߳׳ʵ۹⻹ôСһĳɾͿ϶
ƷʼձʱЦݣصǵʱ䲻ֻܾ࣬ȥһѣϣʱҲܳΪǵɣ
Ƕᣬϵĵӻ᲻̫ˣ
ֻǹ⿿ǼֻϴһҲû취еİ취ˡ
Ȼô϶Ǻðɣһȥ׼һ¡׳ҡͷЦ漴ȥ
Ʒɴԭأ̧ͷգдһ˿ɣУ·ڻǼԶĹȥ
СһǣԲˣ

ҹǵһջУ˷ƵҺң֮ǰһΣεҫҶץס˫ͷ­ʬ
ʱԺǻǸͬʱЦһ仰
ԶһֻǽµϣԶǣⱲ㶼뷭
˹ƽеĻʱȴô벻״̬Ժе仰ͬħһ㲻ϵǻ͵һѪۿвѪ˿ҧļҪĳѪ˿֮ɫ
֮ǰеľȻǰ巢˷ƵҪЩϣҺ
̱ڵ棬ͻȻ·뵽ʲôóԼİһҷó񷱦š
ҲΪǽµϣᣬ岻Ҫ֮ˣԣֻҪ񷱦ʱΪϵֻǣֻǣ
ͷЦǷƮƮҧ촽ŭƽҫǸҵţѴʦֺƮƮ˳𲻹죡

ʱǸһСУϥ¹һĺӰǰǱϹϾģӰӦò͡
񽻸ɣסٸˣͲûˡй־Զĺܺãʱδ죬ҵҲֻڰ¡
ӰޱϲֲŮʵڸǹˡ
챧ȭǣͬʱֿѯʵ֪лսδá
ȰǴصڣķ䡣ǼСҲȥɲʲôֻԼ£Уȥһ˱Ⱥµָ
һźӰʧҲ뿪
ڶƪһУᣩ
ڴ
ƪѩѱ캮˪


һ ԭɧ
Զݵļຮ֮أϿᣬ괦ڱѩ֮УֻһǾǶ졣
ϺӰ죬ڱڵɣ϶ԵڹʽԭҲѰգ϶Ҫǿ˲١Ӷ´󲿷ɶˣһ벻м
ҪݵִﱱͱҪ֮ԭ
ԭ羰Ȼһ޼ʵݺ泩ԭϵ˻Ǵڲƶȣһ㶼Բ峤Ϊף˾һʿΪмȨʽ
紾Ӷ׺ԶĿ˶ƣȥԼձЪţó̾ʳд
ȻͨҪһЩģû̬ȳϿһ㣬һ㣬Ҳ⵽ǵĵϣͬд㡣ΪǺ۸裬겻ǮڳԣаŮĻôԭϵжúý̵Ϊ˴ĵ
⿴ĴԭʵҲɱ¾֮أ˲Ᵽ޲ҹ²󡣵ڲԭУ컹ãһҹҪʮֵľˣһͻ֮ǡ
ʱɳڣӭλԶĿˣֱһһŮꡣеĿ㲻ݣ峺˫ۣ˵һ۾øСŮĸǣǧ˿ٲ㴹䣬Ƶѩ׼˫۾Ө͸ıӣСһ㣬޲ɷ
˸һ벿ʱ˴ò׵գ˲СɧҡǵȦֻڲԭ֮ڣԭϵŮˣγ඼Ǵļôòĳࡣ
Ůߵ˶Լָָ㣬Ҳ΢Ц峺ԿԷֻǺѣûж⡣
Ųо˲峤ձ峤Ƿǳòģ峤˾дˡ
ֻǶ˽峤ձƨɶûȣ˱Ǹʱɧҡ峤ֻǸһЦ߳ձȥ鿴ʲô¡
ڽɳΧʮδ󺺣ڸеʿǶšЩһɷÿһƥͷֳֺ񱳿׺ݵ˫ۣ·Ҫ˶ɣ߲ơ
ǲ峤˵һֳ˫׳ȵ
ɳ峤һʿм˾ҴҸϵǰͽ̣üͷһ壬Ѱ˼ŲٵİɣӦҲǣٵĻһӵˣ˵ôϻ
峤æǰ˵λúϷǽɳ峤ռ֪λúԶλúҲЪϢϷúдλ
ٷϻӽⷽԲڶ粿ϽھɵһǮܹһǰʱʱ䣬ȥ׼ɣ
ֳ˫׳һ仰ֳȻһƬǽɳֻһС䣬һҲһǧң⻹ֻǸոպճһǲڵĴոպãֻǽȥһڣǲҪַΪˡ
ڹռߵĲһʿѾŭɶм˾קѾǰ˵ж˿ˡ
˿̵Ĺռüչ֪ξǸƴǽǮ£ǿա
׽ʹ컰ûô࣬ͷȱǲŮɣ
׳ѾɭЦݣȻѾɫϣˣҲһĿ¶׹⣬һɭЦ
һɳŮǾһƬǸҧгݣ޲ǰ˵˺ƬŮһҲǻʧɫĻŲѡ
ɳڵĵһʿѶƲסеŭ˼˾裬ֱӳǰָ죬ŭȵҪҽɳǮҪ㹻ǸҪǮԣҵ˹һս
粿죬ЦһãֻҪܽӱɳǮ˵꣬һţսŵ˹ɱȥ
ڽɳȺУ֮ǰ͵ŮҲУֻϢһ죬ڶ̵ģû뵽Ȼıʡ
ҪҪȥѽô˵˼ҲǺдأ
ţȵһᣬǸʿĲУһֵġ
ŷɳ۶粿죬˹Цһеĳһ¶⼡⣬ͬһӲֺʵǰ˳ߣһ㲻ŭ
ֻһһԾٹͷɽ֮ƣ쵱ͷ¡һӿûʽԣʹȻ
ԭشƫƧѧʽĴв㷺ԭϵжͨѧĶһЩǳȭʽ
һЩͨڹķżȻõᱻϾڹķǵʵгɱֻӵǿǿʳĲԭϲܸõ档
ɳûôõӵ˹һͷͿԿֻׯڰʽ粿ʵҲǴѶҲһߣȻѧֻһЩķҲЩûѧڹçȵġ
һЦҪûƣҪٶûٶȣˮĹ˿ûзеͭһӡ

⾫ӵڲԭ֮ϡ˹еĳһֱ˺ѣѪģֶ˸Ǳһɡ֮󵹵ػײſͣ£иһСѪĿǰֳ˫粿졣
һֻһҷԼڵĵһʿռĲҰ֮ɫԭҲĬ˵˹ٶԷֻں֮ڣôͽǸ¡û뵽ԼǿˣȻڶԷ߲һСҲֻܿЦһǰȥ׼ΣȰǴ˵
粿죬ս˹ǰһ˿ɱɭСӣèĹ򣬻ڱǰлǲ֪϶ۣһ̡
һ䣬еͭӦ䣬ֱ˹ԴĲ֮ɫֻ֮ǰһҵֽŲѣѪϢ㶼㲻ֻܱ˫ۣȴԼһĽ
ռȻҪҽǮ
ѪЦݣˣ
Խ䣬Ѫɽľûг֣ڵ˹ΪԼҪͷʱĸоȴٳδſ˫֮ʱһȻסַͭ˿ͺеͭûһ㡣
ڵ˹ͬһս֮ǿνһ򵱹Īõ˹г˾Ľ֮⡣
ӣû°ɣģ˲㣬Ҳ˺ɳеκһˡ
ǲ·ǰ粿ʿֽһ㣬ȫڰв


ڶ ֮
ʲô粿죬ʱ˵ǾĲУԭΪԼһܽ˹ҳеͭͬɽһ㣬粽ѽԼͭشٽԼȫ£Ҫͻǧ֮Ȼһ겻꣬赭дס
ֻסͭǰһƣҲƣ粿죬Ȼ˴׷ɶȥ
Ҳֲһշ֮˫ֱ꣬üͷĴԲǲԭϵˣǸˡӦòԼ֮£ҲԷʵʲôֵľٶ
Сӣ㲻ǽɳˣ޹أȰ㲻Ҫ̯ˮԭǿʳһǿΪ
겻ÿɷ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ˵ʮϢʱ䣬ҵڣ
⻰Ĵ̼񾭣ֱðǺ֮ɫŭһǣⲻ֪ߵغСӣۣ
һ£ܵ粿ʿǣµƥеĴ󵶣׷׽ųΧ˶ȥ
ڵϵĵ˹æسҪ겢սû뵽ץס˹ļһСèСƵãؽɳȺУԼⲽǰ
粿ʿĽΧʱ겢û˿Ļңֻ΢΢̣ȸ߸̧֮ŵȻһ塣
Щ粿ʿǶе㲻Լ۾ǰһΪģǱˮ״˷ȥǴ
޷תȵʱһǿȻܱˤͷۻʿǣоеĴ󵶲ԼƣȻ꣬ɵԵʱȫƬ
ɢ
һͣ˫һӣЩĿƬǿܣЩײʿǣѾˣֻһȫɸӣһ⡣ƥˣҲᱻƬ䴩ƥ
ԵİʵýɳȫǺԼ͡ԭϵѪǼʶֲʵǽɳ仹ͷһμʶֻһ뷨ʱҪŮΪߵȵĹȥд
죬û֮ǰǸֺɷģеֻǾšˡ־벻˼ɫӣ̾ӣǲ˫ͣʹϰ
꽫Ƭȥһ̣˫һУǰǸģЦһ漴һ̤֮Уֱȥ
һٶŵս˫ǰһңϸǷ˷ƵҺҽСͻȻ˽ֹƺҪ¶ڿеƤֳһֳ֮ɫĿڴĻӡĿġ
ҪΪԼ˵Ļ㿴㣬һ仰ôˣΪ죬Ӧȥǰɡ
ĻϢȫޣֻһѣɥ
Ҳ࿴һۣת߻ؽɳУʬƬҰɳûлع峤ռΡΡǰ˵Ϸ׾ʶ񹦣˷֣Ϸлˡ֮ǰð֮°
΢΢һЦǿõЦݣ֮ǰɱȻ״̬Ȼ෴ʱ仯֮죬ʵ˺ޱȡ
峤ˣ֮Ͷѡɳˣÿͣð֮
ʱͬŮӣǰק䣬Цҫ磬оŶ
ŮӵԴ΢ЦСѾͷҫûʳ԰ɣ
Ůһ·ϵİҫ
ԴӶҶ˷ֵ֮һ·ϣһµʱԭ
һ·ͣͣɽˮҲңڡȻһ·Ҳٲ˷ɱ¾Ͼֻǵİ޻ûеһЩеİɱɻǵ鷳
ȻԶʵ˿Ƕ٣¶Էɳִ¼Ҳֽˡһδε׷ɱأ˻⣬ݰҫ˵֣ǱԽԽɢʿ֪ԳƵСˡ
ؿǰҫԴݿ֮ɨƽ粿䣬ָոճĲ䣬ҲˣҲõ⵽ʲôΪ
ɳع֮ʣ˶ɽХĻ˿ҫˣж˾ηɫϣԭߵڣȭĿڣϥ¹Ůֱֽ΢΢
һȺˣĶ˺βѣҲȥԭеŮһʵѪ㣬˵õǵϿɡʱȥĿףֻǱΪ㿴ǡ԰ҫҲֻףˡ
󣬷׷׻ؼ׼ʳǴҹ֮һʢᣬҲǵһϰףֻҪǹغϲ¾ͻٰһΡ
峤˾Ҳǳʱʮ飬ȥдǣŪǺޱȣЦݣƼҪšһˡصձϺõĲҶģ۵óдǣͲûа˹ˡ
ǿܵȻģ㵱һȥĤǾëȻˡ
ҹƺƴڶеŮظ裬ڳ⣬ںȾƣҫҲֲִˣҲһֳַǷһƬЦ
ҫƵ˸ﲻҫ߲ռԼڹ񣬱ߺȱ߽ųȵһƬǲеĵһʿ˹Ǳ̧ձڵģľ֮˵ǴϰҫƣҫҲĺˬȾſԷȵ־塣
ĽҶһ˸߲ңδģֻǵڶ춼иԵҪȥҲֻܻȥϢ
ٽҹҫǣ֣ڲԭй䣬ʳѾơһصģʵ̲סˣ˵ҫ磬ҵĹô
ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷ̲סҪ¶ԼĪˡ
ɽŮ֪ģѩѱĽŮ
Ļϰ춼ûеõҫһĻظĿҫ漴һЦҫɫ·׸ɵһ㣬ĶһƤգһµġ
ѩѱʲôĴڣһָ۷֮ɾֻһ֮ڸƣʿ֮ӵͽڱνֻ죬һ֮ء
ĽһǷ켫ʵ֮ǿڽŽǰʮ֮С侳Ѿﵽֲ뻯֮žѧo˪Ѿ¶㣬ͶнıȻľ֮ܡ
԰ҫĹƣĽۺʵ֮ƷɶضáȻҲΪƷɵĽӴûлȥƷͨ쳹صʵ
ðҫǿƽеľѯʵּҵţҲΪɣ
˵ͷ˵ţҷɸ봫ݵֲܷȥģÿһطһѩѱܾݵ㡣
ҫЦҡͷҲԣôһ۷ΪԼܹ£ݲ°ҲȻľٶѩѱּңȫ׾٣ȲһֻѲ˶١
ʵʼٸǰҫԼĹϵټּҵĴѣҲ˵֮ˡ
һ˵ʮǰһֻǸոѧ˵·ĺͯһʱǾʹһҵʱС棬һ·ҲǻȸԾֻ·ݺʱһǿĳСԷǳﱸѾãҲ֪ǵг·ߣ·ʱ͵Ϯ
⻰˵ûаĸڣ˵ʲôһ㣬Եƽ档ҫסС֣һڡ
Щʵǿڶ࣬ʤڳʤһ˵һչһ滹ҪԵС˵ɱǲˣ·硣ȫʩչһ˶Եסǣ״ӡֻ֮ñңҲصһҸۡеĲڣҶãԼ뿪ȥҵˡ
ԴзỨǿԼԺиֳԼǳЦݣ׵һ仰
ѾͷԹԵĶ׸ȥˣһ٣׸ͻˡ
ֻǵʧԼˡ
˻Դ˵ֻǵﶼ֪Ǽ丮ۡʵɽ˽լںµһ֮ܲԱպɽׯʲôʣҲи֮ɽڲ񷿷ңҿĲ̣㽫ҴɽׯŮʱͻ̫СûʲôֱΪͻԼȥû뵽һȾʮꡣǰ׾ǧҵңҪһȥǱҾܾ
Ϊʲôҫʵ
Ϊ㣬᲻㣡
˫ۣעŰҫŲֵİĽ֮⡣
ҫ磬Ҳ֪ˣѩѱǸʲôĴڣ϶Ҳһ϶˵ķԣǵӡô㻹ָһȥô
ҫԼ̫Ѩ֮ƤЦ˵ѾͷԭСŰǸܷҾҪһ飬ײڣһڿŷһһɣΰ
˵ҫĻУ΢ЦգĸԴ


 
峿ճ֮ʣҫ߳ձ߳ĽһˬһصձУ򵥵ϴһĳһ緹
ŵʰһ֮Ĵߣ£Ż˯İˣޡͬסһձ֮Уȴͬ˶Ǳ֮ˣʹ˴Ͷϣû֮ǰʼնһ
ҫĽıǺãŵ߳ձ߳￪⣬ҫаͲסʼеĻơ
ѧ֮һ֣츳ٸߣҲһűس棬һղѧ䣬ϻڻ츳Ҳֻ𲽵ȱ˸ߣٶȱȱ˿һѡΪԼ츳ߣԣôе˺ϣװ˷ôõ츳
ʱİҫʹ磬ȻֻﵽĲΣڵʵûаֵ鸡С
ʵҫ뷨ܼ򵥣ûκͶȡɿԣһһ̤ʵءԴͻƵ֮󣬰ҫʵԼеƻ
ڵѹڵֱ״̬ʱһǿԵѹ±͵С֮һɵ֮һĿȱ֮ٴνѹֱ޿ѹ޿ѹ֮ʱ˳ͻơ
ܶʼĲͣѹǣҫٶȲ죬еˡڵŷ츲صı仯
ʱһͬ񹦵Ҫҫ˵Ĳͬ£ͬҫԺѹԷǰҫƻĺôڣô˵ͬһ£ҫоԵơ
ʱ˿̿ɰҫѴﳬʥʥ֮Ҳֻһţֻһȴʼ޷ȥ֮з·һϽ֮⡣
ʱѾγһϡų̶Ҳ֣Կʥ֮Ѿֻһ˿ľ롣Ȼ԰ҫֹ۵ԸҲû̫ӣΪһԵǿ󲻵á
˵Ҳǣ翵ĶҪǿ͸һͻƲ˵˱ȱȽǣȥǿ󷴶ʵ䷴пһħ
Դ˼ƻ֮Ҳͻ˶ͣͲǰľִҫʵжڹƻһԼͣһԼĵ붼ձüԲҪġ
֮ǰһʱҫû˿иΪ֪ҪթѪޱȵĽ濿ʲôǾԼˣ̸ʲô̸߽ʲôػԼİˣһжǰ׸
Ϊľ򣬰ҫʱ޿̲жȹһ·ϵĳԷ·ڵûֹͣ˯Ҫһʱ񹦵зš
Ȼڹ֮⣬ʽҲû£ʽϵҫνǾԵ㡣Ϊÿ춼вͬɱսվ֮⣬ʽϵãԽ¯ࡣ
ҫվڲԭ֮ϣһһʩչŻƣӵһʽʽţûڵ߶ǲϵʽе⾳⿴Ʒȴ峿̫ոʱů֮⡣
Űҫȥʩչƣе⾳ҲԽŨͻȻҫ˫ĿһȻһתĴָڿۣƳɵƷ˲仯ɵѸ͵ĵŭηȵƾͺҪձԭ
˵֮ǰ̺⾳ǳ̫ů͡ô˿̵Ǿ̫ȡҡ
еĵľʽֱΪա˫͡ƶһʽ졯
̫ɽ֮ʱҫѾֻǸʱ򻹽ֻŶѣʽϵûǳĺܣһµĥҲСɡ
ա豹棬ʽɷ򣬵Ͷֱӡ˫͡˫ۻ˫ʹ಻һкǧﲻͷƶ׾ǧ񲻿ɵ֮ƣɽ𣬲Ʒķԭ֮һʰ졯ظͣɽӣգѹˣԲɿܵľ֮ƣء
ʽŰҫͣʩչ˶ʶǾҡͶңǲһֻֽϻпáҪңҪԴݿ֮ƣƳǰһеϰ
ν˵ףѣҫѾϵһʱѾһϸܵĺ顣֮εҡҡͷǰʽ⾳Ȼأֻһʽ졯磬ʼղҪ졣
ˣ򲻴ɣ
ҪʱպĦ֮ʱһ֮
һƬƽ֮Ƭ֮𽥱ø߿ԽԽңǰֻͬӴľڶģǧڲϢ⾳İҫѪڣþòƽϢ
ҫ˫۶ȻһȻʩչݱ䣬Ƹͳңһǰ
ҫӵһʽʽܶʼϵѭͻȻһ䣬ϼ֮ɫ֮ǰҪֱı仯ҫȼգ˳ڵľԴԴϣӿһ˲䵶ǵأưޱȣо²ɿ֮
һͣҫҲ֮أһ̵黶ϲԱ֮ǰһֱĦ͸һʽֱͨˣ治֪Ҫȵ²еľڡ
ҫҪúõлл֮ˣûҫҲ˳ͻơͷһԶһϥ˫Ŀգ˫֮ϰڷһ١
ҫǰϸĴ꣬һгͦεˣƮݣ˫ü罣ͦ࿡Ƿҫĸо֮䣬ԵͶȻǽյ˫ĿƽһŶصʡ
·ڸʲôʼձһˣҫҲĵվǰҲš
˫֮ʱһƺʲôǺЦǰİҫĿ͸¶һ˿ʡ
ҫȭʵ̨ո֪֡
ľޱĻص
ҫ΢΢һЦлˣ
ɫƺһĪζ΢΢ͷպϵ٣Ҫ뿪
ʲô֣ҫʵ
£걳ŰҫͷҲصʵ
Ҿ˼Ҫʶһ¡
١
ҫ
ʼûлͷ˰֣һԲԶȥ
֮󣬶ٴλ䵱һĳҫǿЦѣҲ΢ЦѡðҫĻ˵СҪظУҪᣬ۲۰
ٻһ䣺߽ʺͷҲǺҪģ湦Ҫʵһ㡣


 
ҫ磬˺ְоļƵãҫĶУʹΪ֮һ㶡
ҫعԴֱĿԽԽԶĹ٣ڻʲô
ѾͷʲôʱģҾȻû֣
ҫǲ⣬ܣ˲ԭ֮˵ˣС綼ûУҲĳ֮ų֡
ողŵĻôٶҲֲ̫ˣ벿￪⣬ԼٽӴʱһǲĹûСô̵ʱڣôϢĳ
ѾͷصĹã֪ĳôԶľĲһеģṦҶˡ
ʵðҫǷѽ⡣ŰҫͻȻץӣиоܺ档ǣҲԼôֵģɶԷԴץͷƤ
ҫ磬ôʶģ˵ϵĻӦûǸˡʵ
ҫԴˣһϣԺʺ֮࣬ϲԭݵĿˡҫԼ֮ǰٵȥһ֮Ҳӿ϶˹پԼǸˡ
о˼ٵĳӣ٣
һҫΪ֮һ㶣Ĭһᣬڵ򣿽ô֮ǰڿɽׯʱзĹڽһЩɷֲܵ鼮ȫûᵽѽ
Ц֮һ鼮ȫȫܵģһЩʵ˿ϵǼ¹أڽߣȻжǹϸļ
Ѿͷô֪ģҫܺ棬⼸꼸ʱ޿̶һЩеţǴӺε֪ġ
΢΢һЦ˵ʵǰйһ֮Եʱ˼ٴŹ·ʱɽżһʣ̸ʢȴ˼ٱŹڿɽׯס˼ա
ڰҫ˵⻹ͦģû뵽ɽׯȻôһξţҲǣǰԼһϲ̨ˣûǸʸȥӴһ顣
ٸҵĵһӡ㲻Ϊǫѷ̸ֹţٵʱӺݻĶŵʱ޵ķ󡣵ԵɽׯڽųɵŮŮʹأǸƮƮء
ҫ˸˿һԽԼ۾գν˵ΣҲƭƭЩӹ֬׷۶ѣѾͷ㲻ͬ۵Ŷ
ûİһۣ˵ȻŮеѾѡͬҲΪееС֪ôһµľ壬Լٽд֮ҪһжӲסͲҰܶ顣
ʲô
ҫʱһ˵ԴӳԼ֣ûӮһΣսŰܡҲֱӷıʵԲ
һ֮ȻۣʱգػΪһΪʲôǰڰҫϣҲֻܹʱˣо仰褺
ҫ磬ҲţµɽׯĵӼȫֻ֪ǰλʦֵ棬Ҳû̫ҵʱҲûȥҲ˵ģ˵ٵڹʽأƺһԱ֮ʩŲַƵǱֻͶ䡣Ҳû̫ǿƣзȵĸԺ͡
ҫ˵ͷڹҲ˳˽⣬ֻǣμĹ٣˵΢е㲻ͬԷһֵǳ·ʲôĽһ㡣
ԭˣ濴һģȻҲһز¶ĸ֣ϣܸ֣ʶʶԱ֮ʩľǧ֮Զո뿪ķĿĵӦøͬҲôԶɣҫкɻٴʵʱѾʼز䣬ʰʰٴ̡
ҲǺĵĻصΪǱס˵ϹľȻҲֻЩͨɣóļɶԡȻûǣһǰĹ֮ƣɶϵӰȴ쳣ֱӡ
ҫȻڽӹ磺ѹҸոһʽʼͻƲˣһȻֱͻˡ˵ӽнӦþеߴ֮һ˰ɣ
˵ͷ˵ˡ˹ҵ˵˼һϵеסЧϣֻҪһ죬ǣΪ˼ڻ֮һʱΣϢй۰еĵһŵĿԡһҹ֮ţڵӵӣ˼ֻʹԼնΪٲһ˳ȥڹ˼ԼӣȪѰ޹ֻܷⲻ֪׾ڹϡûãתתϰ
ʱҫСһҡȥ˫ֲͣɦԷԴʲôƵģϻдʣѽѽԴôѽôɶ֪浽װ˶ٶѽôôأ
ҫٴסС˵Ѿͷǲʲô֮ľķ
ҲǺĿŰҫϵЦݳϧ֮⡣
ʱ֮ϵ̫ѵͷеŮҲʼԼһĹеĳŴԣŮڼϴСǰһЩС£Ƿ
ʱ˿̵ĲУ󲿷ֵĿɿڴĿǰһĻץűͷİҫСȣһϽԼձС
ҫ͵ʵѾͷǽʲô֪
ʰͷҲص˵һЩǴ￴ģһЩզզ˵ģЩеҲȤҾ͵
ʰ֮󣬰ҫͻ룬һ΢ȴıδ¡ȥڿɽׯǿѧʽȡ侫ҪȥɣĬдһ飬͵Ǹһݼ
֪ȥУ϶һ壬ĬдʽȻ뿪ˡռ뵱˹˵ձֶȥҲǱΡ
ɿµѧʽʱ˲û˵Ļȥڲԭϣһӵѧʽֻһ˿ԣԷ֮ǿȥһصĺãһʱԾţ˷ءɳ䣬Ϊߡ
ҫ֪ʱ֮٣ȴԭϵ񻰣ɳĵ˵ĵ񣬸Ǳеĵһǣ˶峤еȨԶһ֮ϣøġ


 ·һ
ٽԵĲԭϣһʮɵĶ飬ǰţͷ˷ֱΪһѮһŮ
ͷ˽»ŲֱһƥСȻͦΣȣ̸Ц֮ӣƻǾֹдҷ緶óӦò
ǶŮеüĿ㡣Ůĳ־ˣȣ̸ֹȻֺ̬·ԼǸ߸ϵľһ㣬ĿһС
ֳ֣߳ü֮һ˿ɷеķ֮ɫʱʱ֣ȫעľܣûһ̷ɡ
ˣҲֱֳóȻȲͷļˣҲǴ׶գ֧Ӧĳɻѧ߰£ոչ
壬û뵽ô˳Ǽϵ׼Ҳǲ֪ôǺҵĶҽ٣һǹԹԵİѶ³ŮЦ͸¶һ˿֮ɫ
Լĳ룬ЦμҴͬȥ׷ʧȻӻͻƵʥ֮ľ߹ıԶǣԺҪǽҲӦ𵽲Сİ
ЦɫΪ߰һԵŮǽѽ壬ʣﵽʥ֮˵練ƣûεĻԵţò˶೤ʱ䣬ҲͻƵġ
ߵЦԽŨҲǴ֮ɫЦ츳ˣϷˣʽضɾͷǷԼĺ񰮣Һҵļ֮λҲĪˡ
ЦЦǫ˵壬֮磬Ȳֵ꣬Ǵ츳ֶζҪǿʮֹ֮λҲֲѽ
εЦЦ⳶һߣ˵ľһЩԴķеĻ΢Цϡ
ңһĴ壬ɻʮã裬һԴ壬ޱȣѴʥ֮Ҵѧڱк֡
Ҵǧ꣬˺ɻһ죬֪ã˲żüãĺơ
ɻϥжһŮӺХ츳ߣһкɻ߳ɻ򣬳ʥѾͨǱһ콾Ӻ죬Դ̰ŮɫΪ˼սթСϣҪδ֮λΰԼСŮ죬ƽ裬ԣ书΢ֲ¿๤ȥռԼļƵǣݲñ˵仵խĺܡ
˷ɼеϺţͬʱϺˣ֮໹Զ𵽺ܺõáȻһ˵ĽʱͻƵʥ֮ʮ֮䣬ܴﵽ磬ɼ츳ʵǺҵһȾӵڶλһλȻĴ磬Х֡
ʱһŮЦ֮˵ĶУͷһΪ֮һϣ˫۵ɵͭһ㣬һɼǿҵԽԽ
ĲԶһŮŰеķͬϺҲǴɺϡ
ںУӸͲڣŮӲǵʧ̬ԭи̲סĸ̫̾ˣû뵽䣬ȻɵŮӡŮүҪˣ۸ĴۣүҪΪС
ӳеĶˣǰҫ뿪ɳ֮󣬶;С䣬ҲûйͣЪϢһ֮·һ·Ϸƽ˾羰ʤգǶ˺úõһ
Ҳǰֻ飬Ҳû̫ϣ߸·˴֮以棬ҲǰǴкֻǣô룬ɶԷȴһ
쿴˿ܣֳԼ֧飬ֻʣҫˡкȻðһ뷨ɴֱɱ˰ҫǿҲǵһθˣǵŮɫ֮ͽ˵Ǽ֮λҪ
ֻ뷨ðͱѹȥУǶܺԭֿ϶ҿǵŲӦҲǳ֮󣬻ȲҪ̽ʵ˵
ȻɫҲûʧȥǣν£һԵĺſͷ˼ֿ˿ڽӽİҫˣȻϳɾĻῴ뷨תһ֮
ϸĽŰҫԼæкλ
ҫһۣҲûǺĻԹԵǰ·üͷһ壬һԵĺŴֱǰס
ҫüͷ΢壬ʵ£
΢΢һЦǰЦλţӦʿɣҲҪȥǱ֮ô
쿿ʱнԶҪ֣Ȼı֮⣬ȴʹѣӼᶨҪΪľġ
ҫƳ˺һۣޱĵ˵ͷǰЩԲ⣬һɷˣЦƺǶǸˣһȻɫḡðҫǵӡܲŸϽǣ·
Űҫһ䣬־ǧ֮ģúкǲˬһˣȻڱүǰ̬ʲôͺúóһ
һ񣬷ƵģȭЦãҲҪȥº죬ǱҴӣһУ˶ҲиӦ֪Ρ
Ҫˣ˺һۣĻصԷǳĵܸðҲ᲻˵ʲô¡
üһЩ֪ԼݵѰŮӣֻҪԼĸͶͱǱķӦСȤһЦԽԽʤգûʲôɫҲһ̬
ԭ֮ϵ˺У߻ӣҺڱҲС԰ǽپףҲһƬģȫȻӵȰš
üͷ壬źôļƣеᷳиŨˣҸոյĻ˵Ĳô
˿̺԰ͲסǰǳʲôȻôҶ˵ĵ¿ηΣǲʶôĽӸҺúýѵǣ
һŶҲǲɫҲĬ˺ķѡ֣бʣһƬĽʰֱ֮ҫ˶ȥ
ҫ΢΢һ̧ʾҪ֣˳ֱ۷תһǿҵȻͬʱ֣Ϊе彣Ȼգ֮ѱҫȥ
ҫĿһ̼ƣ磬ףƫеͬʱšֵؿڴ׻֮һѪȳϳ˾벻˼̬־ȻԷһжӲס˱˴֮ʵԨ֮
ҫϣһ˫ͬʱסıĽ뽣һߣıĳɷ飬һҪǿǣֻƾǿɲһϰɣҵʱ䱦ôڣ
˫һУ΢΢һεɱ


 Сʹ뱱
֪ߵغҰСӣȻһ֣СԽѵ㣡ͬȵβ͵èһ˷𣬰γ彣Űҫ̶ֱȥǼ̱·ҫӦôﲻһ㡣
ҫεķ˷ִۣӵôʢˣݲñ˱˷ֻܹԹԱ۸ı̬ʵͷ۲ѡǣŬŬ죬ʾԷŮԼ֡
ŰҫǸ޿κεģɷǿɰҲԾ΢΢һЦ崺ЦݣĺĿˮûĳ֣еٴδ
һһöУҲƣָһһ׹ое彣һɾһ飬彣ֶ
һâոպ԰ҫĳԲѷкǷУǺϵͼָ֣һöǱĽϣӦϣһöֱսȥ
İǺģַ۵糸ľٶȣУǷ϶ˡ
Ǻͱŵ̱ڵϣ֪ǸõǸܵĺãǾŵɫΪǱ
ߣ
ǰҫǰĺһṦһչ磬գۼǰö£ϴľ΢΢һ
Ů޺ǿ־Ӧǳ֮󡣡
Ȼô룬ɹž޲δ̫˰ɣ浱Һ˲ɡ
һ£ȫγҫ˰Χһеɱֻ֮ҪԼһ£˽ǰ˶⽴
ҫȴ˿ûаǷô˻ģɨ˺һۣЦСʹѣҲÿڱտںҳҶ̵ģС㻹û
⻰˵쳣İԵҲʸ˵Ļѩѱ˵ұһֻѲ˶١
ÿĿ֪ðĹȻҲҺҷɡ壬ҷǵֽţ𡣡
ĺԺУԼС򵽱ܺǻԼĵ岮λ磬ĸΪ飬ƽǱ֮ҲǺаԵˣû˸˼
տɺãôǰ˸ڶʵĶΣв˾͵Ĳݵļơ
Ļȴҫͬʱˣ˱ͲʲôƲ磬ƽҲµԸ񡣶Щ߸ϵӵܺǷУԴһЩײʿȴǿտķǵĽɡ
ҫһЦЦгɭɱ⣬ҪЩνҵһĻ䡣
ں˴£ҪǰΧ˰ҫ֮ʣŭ֮𣺡ס֣СãŮҼҵôô֪ڳԳɺͳҪ˵Һǲ֮ɡ
Ȼĺֹİҫθһ󷭹ǰߵ̬ʵθѣոֵΧкĹʱôôԴǡ֪ԼһֲͨĻҲСųУҲǹҲ㣬˻㶼ˡ
λոҵʧˣԵ벻Ҫ֣ʲô֮ڴˣȻλԸһͬǰУҲǿλɣ
νֲЦˣ켴ʹʱⷬǫѷģҲðҫ᲻˵ĳ嶯
һ䣬챧˱ȭ·˿һԣԸ½·óʼնһʱģΪľǸһӡ󡣿ɺȴû˼֮ʱ̲˵һ䣺ڣ
΢ЦĿͶ뿪֮ŭɶǰ˵磬Ϊʲôþѵǣ뿪Ҳ̫ˡ
˰֣֪Լóԣݲһɳӡոտ¶һֶֶ֣˵ãԼֶǼһһ֣˶˳֮ȻֻǰڣҲԶʤЩѰˡ
ֻֽһ棬ͱ彣ͬʱˣ彣飬ʵкǼɵתı󶯡һʱɫͷԣĻνҲѹֺŻôΪĺҼ
壬ʵΣ쿪ʵ
ĺţǰڻصǶ˵ʵף£ʵҲ͸ಮٶѣϷʮİסˡ
ȲҪĺãʵǲ֪Σһ·ǣǵķӦЦһԵĺĻῴ˼ǿŮˣȻҲô
磬ϲǸŮģֱþ˾ǣǾٴܴǺңҶŮˣĸ֣õôôһֺģ˿ûаѰҫ¾Ƶá
ԴɭȻһЦոտŮӵ̬ƺҺҵһ¡ıȷʵˣǺҶﲻĻҾˡֻƵĻǾͷˣǸеģɱ˰ɣ
һԵĺ΢Цŵ˵ͷҲǵһˣҲԲһΡںȻ翴ŮӣԼҲû취ֻý֮ǰŭȫתƵ˰ҫϣҧгݵ磬ǸеĽңСҪ
һ˵ͷ
ļ죬Űҫ𽥽ķΧҲԽԽ䣬ðҫܲӦصԼļƵã˱þٱҲԽԽˣҲðҫǷݺ䣬һȡ
ںˣʼҫ˱ʮɵľ룬Ҳ˽ӴôԶԶĸšǰҫͣЪţҲǰţΪҫνûôƢˡԶ϶ɵЦĺ죬ʵᷳѣҪֽǴܣҫֹ
ðҫĻ˵Ѿͷˣɣ·ǵɣ·ֲˣֻܲߣѽ
֪ҫúԸַˣҲֻϢˣ֮·ˣֻҫߡ
ʱ䣬˱ı߽磬ǰããѩ洦ɼıðҫһƬ泩ȻǶѲӬưҫá
ʹҫôƢҲ㿪ʼջˣƱ˼ֱǸƨһ㣬βҪǰɣûкõɣʵðҫ˷겻ѡ
߽ѩǣ˴ѩѱһ֧˪Ͻڱ֮ڣѩѱоŴֱ֧Ϊ˪ѩλꡢ̾ѪâС˪þǸ̲ÿһ뱱ˣϷ뾳ˮ㡣
ҪͱҪȥеǼǣҪһϵеļ飬ֻϿˣſڱ仧
֮ڱǷŸƨҲҪѩѱͬ⣬͸ŰɡȻԵаԵıǮԴѩѱȨ˻ȫΪɻˡ
ȻѩѱȻǿƣҲûеŭԹĵزȻһͳ˱ȴûн̲зչֻҪÿϽһЩƷɡ򱣳һֳȻĵλĶ̬
ڱĶϱĴУһ֧򣬶ѪƹܣλƹܣΪѩΪ
Щ֧֦ͬԼ鱨ָƣκη紵ݶżǶĿͬʱǵֿЩ鱨ǷҪʽѩѱڡ
ʣµķâ̾ҲãǰΪ֮ĸڸˣռ֮е鱨ӦԱ
ڴ̾ѩѱеһһɱεĵֻһĿǾǰдһͷҪ˻½ͷԸȥɱԼĵҲԲһüͷ䡣˵̾ûԣҲô˵ֻǷѡ
ѩѱľŴֹ֧ϸ΢ÿһ֧Լڣ𵽾ԵáĽͳ£ûһ֧жģεİУѩѱҪʢѡ
ҹҫסѩǵһջУ˷ַ˯ʱɫߣһϯɫ۵ǰߵüĴӡһöαײͼơ
·˪£ݼС㣡


 鱨
ʱüͷͷ˼ʲôƬ֮üͷչ̾һʵĲ鲻ô
һ˿ڻصǵģС㣬ӷâ鱨лսšӵ˳Լһ⣬ûʲôڱ֧֡ѪĶʱûǵ鱨ܻҪһЩʱա
ݺ࣬ǸϸΣȻİڵɴӦһŮӡ
ʵ뿪̫ɽ֮ʱ԰зԸѩѱݵķ֧ˣȥռлĻ鱨
ֻǽȻһвһ˿ĪļɵСѩѱӴ鱨鲻˿õϢԷֶοɼһߡ
صĻͦ
漴չһЦǰˣЦĽ㣬ˣȥ˵һٹҸҫ͹ȥ밲߻һСҪҲѾڱҪŶ
ΪߣҲıΣֻͣһ£ҿ˿ߵ£˵ͷٴοڵС㣬ǶǶҵˣǸһ·ҪҪǳְǴˡ
˰֣Щˣг˲м˵һȺСѣùǣԼĽȥæɣ鷳ҴϢˡ
ЩӦģСϢ¸ˡ΢΢һ񣬴£ȥ
ȥıӰҲǵģұ˹Ƶãû취
ԶԷϨ֮̾Ϣһҡҡͷߵһ£ڵû뵽Сôƽ׽ˣһӶûУĳЩԼǳϾŰ裬Ӷ졣ĸôСأ
ĸ˼ܴġǳһ˵£һ飬˺һ˵
СһͬǰǸҫôʵһ£ǰâѾ鱨ˣҫұڣĸꡣʮʦкɽׯׯɽһľ߻Գʼѣ˵ܹǰָ㡣âۺܸߣسɴ
鱨侫ϸ˰ҫֽ˳ɵ¼ԸҲнΪϸɼѩѱ֧â鱨С
˵ͷС۹ӦòϣСӲҪĸʧСҪǸˡ
£Щҵδã㱨ҫ鱨ʵ
ȥᣬǵʵ˲С㡣Ҳܲһ·С㣬ҵҪʹʲôаǾ֪ͨѪ˺Ұɡ
˵ƽ棬ͺ˵Ҫʲôһ㣬ССĺһû˾ˣһһ٣еҪȡǺҡĺ죬ûзԼԼˣѱץУɲˡ
һ䣬˼Ծʧںҹ֮С
峿򿪷֮ʱӳǺΪŵЦݣȻУЦʵθѡԷԼͬסһջҪ鵽ԼķҲʲô£ֻƤĺȿǳ
ԵҵԵֲǳñ˴úùһⱱɺãˣδ̹ķ
쾡ԼЦݸӲãԼ̸¸ţԼľֹӵзȡⲻ֪̬ģжᷳڳɱӡ
ûգұ˰ɣùһáĻһ䣬Ҳٶ˵ʲôԹԵ뿪ˡ
⻰˵ǵɨ棬߷߲ѣǿӰ񣬳һ˿˿ŭвסţʱһ£ȱү£ΪүĽ֮ٺúõ㣬ߣ
ȥ֮š˼һ·βҫ˵ģ˶棬һ鹷Ƥҩǲš
ҫٺõƢҲ̲סˣڱıԵѩʱҫиʹ˸ɫߵͷʾס
漴Զּ۶ȥ֮ǻҹգ̶̵ļ䣬԰ĺ˦߰ɵľ롣
˫Ŀһɣٶ΢ȣÿṦüͷһ壬ڵ׷ȥǸʲôá
һ䣬Ҳͬʱ׷ϡҫṦֱֱѸͣṦʤƮݣͬëһ㣬ϢƮݡ
۶̵̳ĳ˵ҫ΢ռţҪ鶯仯棬Ҫһ˸ǧṦ浹ǲಮ١
ҫ֮ͣʱǰһСׯׯԵúܰһȾݼͨ͸ֻÿӶû˾סׯԵ쳣
ǰľ󣬰ҫ΢΢һ£Ŀ⿴ԶһСϵʱͫ΢΢һһԲĳȥ
ҲǳĬǰסҫĴ֣߻عͷ΢΢һЦڣҫưܲľ̾Ϣһʮˣﻹһ㶼û䡣
գգ˫ˮ˫ʵҫ磬Сʱĵطô
ҫ˵ͷãȻصţ϶û¶٣ÿ춼Ҫȥ͵ʳ򰤶ѾΪʦĳ֣ͻΪһѰ׹ˡ
ҫ˼صʮǰǸѩӵҹԼһûгԶֶ䣬ɪɪĶڽѶûֻҪһϵʱ䣬ᶳ֮С
Сޣôһĵأ
ﶼȥ˺ԶԶĵطǻҵģ
ɵӣʲô֣
ҽаҫгԵôҫ
ɽóԼЯĸݸҫ̻ʵģѾͨ첢ҿѵСգʵĲ̡֪ԼβܣӾԹ˽Ǳ΢Ц˵СޣѣҪȥ죬Ҫܾòܻȸһһʱɣ
Сҫͬǳ˫ۣһգգĿɽ˲ǵı飬ǻδ˵Ļ壺лл壬ģҫܹԺܹԵġ
ɽ΢΢һЦóһЩｫҫã䱧߳

ҫ˦˦Դջ˼ͷһ˿ߵ΢΢һЦԷĬɵվһԣҲκξٶ´ڻİҫ
ƽľٶг˵ϧһðҫкидȥĶȥˣϧǰ˰ɡ
ҫԴЦİѾͷû£ոֻһЩ°ˡ
ҫ磬ûϵģһӶڰҫߣҫ粻µġҫ뱨Ҳ԰æŶ
֪ͨҫ뷨ɽĶ飬½ⱲӶ֮ȥļ䣬ҫһˣˮ֮ӿȪ౨ʵõˣ̹ģͬΪɽҲǰҫȥһ¡
ɽڰҫһɭɱ֮еɱŨķ·ʵ壬ǱȱҪ֮
Ѿͷĺˣʦ֮ĴҪԣӲܲҲò


ڰ 
ҫ»صׯڣ˴˶һۣüͷţͬʱһֵ£̫ˡ
ׯ̫ˣëȻһׯʹ٣ҲȻһӰûаɣׯʼȲ˵Ӱͷûм
ҫ磬ҸոտˣһЩķ˶£˸뿪á˵
ҫ˵ͷڴʱһɫҰףɢĴǵǰǻĿ·ʱһҡ״̬˵ľƹȫҲƵá
ҫһۣߵ˵ͷͬʱ񿿽ͬʱڵҲʼĵɾ˫ԽԽ֮ʱһ˿ֲֶĵĻǰ
ҫ˲ҵľʱʼͣ漴Ƥһϸܵ֬ݿʼ䣬Ƥܽ⣬˾Ȼʼͣڻ
~~~~ӣ
ѾڻĲεĴþԼӲ֣˻ƵѾǲͣڻ״ֳ̬ľʵëȻ
ҫҪǰ鿴ȴ߬סı飬ҫŲһ٣һ˲䣬ѾڻѪˮ
üͷ쳣£˵ҫ粻Ҫжˣû´ĻӦŵĸʬΡһֿԽڻΪһ̯ѪˮĶΣԺ͡
䣬˵ǰƮһ㵥Դͬʱ˹塣ҫľа֮ĿǣȻڻ£ğo˪Ǽ֮ԣֺ
ⸯʬεŨȫ׶༪ˡҫ̾Ϣһ˵
ҫ磬ŵĶô󣬾Ȼϧк׶ӦͼСȥĲ鿴һʲô¡˵
ҫ˵ͷһչ֮СǰŸߣ׷ϵĺˣϵҲʧ֮С
û뵽ǵṦôãүǵ͹һѡҧ˵Ѿʼ뷨Ӧ֮ǰҫ׵Ľ룬жķǷֻ뿪ʼҡˡ
һԵĺȴʼղΪȻǰ˵뵣ģǰռȻǲŻһϲǸŮޣϷǡ
˻һһ֧ǿһ㣬úϨٴһ㿪ʵ壬аô
΢΢һЦЦгţصʮɣ
˵ͷҪ֮ʱȴסǲ⣬ŴóһСɵƿ˵С㣬ǰ򵥣ӦǶΡĹȥĻܴ󡣻Ҵ˼ƵıܶǷ¿ٶ
˽ӹҩ裬֮£ʵ壬ôжأǱôӦò̫жεĳѽ
ҡҡͷصӦΪģ֪ԷӦòʲôƲ磬ⶾεĸ֮󣬼ȫ壬еɱڵ˼аΪ
һϲʼ棺ãүһӢ۾֮Ұ壬Ҳþɱа飬һ˫񰡣
ֹ۵뷨ʹúմմϲ֮ǰĹһɨա漴ٴζ֮С
ǴׯĴһƬ޴Ŀյģһ˺ϱľԭ֦Ҷïܵѳɿݻ֮ɫƤѣӿݵΪ֮̾
֮£һŮüչʲôͳһɫװ֮ȴû˹̸ֹֿȻ
һ߰˳ߣ׳һȭԵĲϣһһȭӡþҡβѣҶ׷Ʈ䣬֮ǿСӡ
ɶû뵽ǧ׷٣ӹһ١׳ߺ޲ѣŭɫ
ΨһһŮӣȴҡҡͷ˵Ǵ˷Ŀģֻ׷ٶ䷽λѣץסãץסǽ屦ǰɡСӵĽǾˣⸯʬֶػΪŵһ
Ůȣǰ͹̣һͷɫٲ㴹䣬ʮָϸֳīɫָףɢĹâ
ͬʱ˵ͷ෢ŮհŮӦе졣һ߲ߣͬûзõĺͯһ㣬һ˫ۣ෢Ůӵ񣬾ͺҪ·͸ƵãʱЦһѯʵǽô죬Ҫ׷ô
ǵͳɳƵκǲӦһ٪֢ߡ෢Ůӿ˿ǰĻεͬ飬кǷθԷеŭѣ˿Ѿˡ
෢ŮӽϵĶ΢ƣڸסԼİӣҪ֮ʣһ뽿ЦŨд
ҵ˭أộԭŵɱʹװ˵ŵҲǴûˣڱɳ캦֮£Ͳ±ѩѱô
еһ˱ƣȼɭȻԴһǧ꣬ڽͭɱʹһһĸ֡
ɱʹףֱ෢Ů˿˳׳ƺң٪֢Լһֱûгư
˴еĿֻΪץһ꣬Ϊ˱ݾߣûдӳ·뱱Ǹһͨ͵͵ǱġǱ߾ķ˪Ҳû˵ĳ¼
ֻΪԶǵһλģȫᲢۣΪټ£¶˵ϰˡȻǵϰ֮ȴĵȼһ˵ŭǾǰҫ
һ·ϣνǲҲ̶ãׯеĴ񼸺һȫܸʬζֺһҵĺͯڻڰҫǰʱеŭ𼸺վ죬ҫʱֻһ뷨Ǳǽ״ҡ
֮аҫ߳˿һ˫Ŀ΢΢һУЦȻ֪ǵҹ£ô
ҫԴǰһʵǸɵģ
˿һص֪ʣ
Ϊʲô
ΪʲôһȺѣɱҲɱˣҪɡҪԭֻܹˡ
˿Цͣǰİҫе㱾£ڽԣӦҲȥѶ˷
ˣ
ҫ̧ͷϵЦݺȻֻǶЦݾˣʹ˿еëëģͻȻһϮԾĴһ
ɱǣ죡˿ȵʱҫ΢Це˵ĲԼ֮ǰһ·ǰЦݵİҫһ̾ͻ̻


ھ սɱʹ
һ䣬ƺұһͬڵһֱҫұۣȭףŰҫԴȥ
ΪֱһȭаҫʱԼ뷨еͷˡҫ΢ЦȻһ䣬쳣ݣظеһëȻ
ɱ緭ľ˽ǰ׾ûҲҫƣ˳һõƺҵȭƣ˳ƺǿ񱩳ҵ·ΪʵʣƺֱӴضڳ˶ԼǷֻΪոһŭ
ƣɽ
ƺ˫ۼҪţеѪͣӿؿϴľʹԼѾӡ
ҫһֱӽعǺ飬Ƭ֮УƺǱɡȫڰҫͷ֮ޣֻ˫һչΪǵصһͷľޣգ֮ѽƺС

ɢȥ֮ƺĵͬձٹһ㣬νǴĿġϵƤͺմܴгƵãһƬɢսζ
ƺҵĵأҫǰĿɿڴɭȻһЦëȻЦݣ˻һ顣
ģұ֤ǻıң
ҫɭĻǰŵòᣬ˿ıݽҧµŷԼжô޴еĳЩǲܹȥʵģֻ֪еˡ
˻ʹɫƺҵĲǴʱ֮ǰ֮ģôתۼǾͻᲽƺҵĺ󳾡
ҫЦݣ类ѪȾɺ˫ۣӿȵɱʹһԵĲѣΪ֪ʱİҫѾӽħıԵˡ
ʱôҫħһ̵ܶʱʵᱩǣ˻ᱻеħռݡֻΪһɱԣľʣɥĲֻɱ¾ķӡ
ʵڵڶսĿʦʱҫйһħʱˣӶ°ҫһӴֱ񶫵һλʦ˫˺£ʱȰƵʱĳ潫ޱѪȡ
İҫҲͬˣĲ״ʱֻһ뷨Ǿǽǰ˴Լ̣Ҫǲú
˿ȳ֣Ʈȣ˫צдűɫĺ⣬ݺύһ˲ҫͷѱһܵצӰǡ
һԵ˫۴Ӻһһ߶ذģٶȴ磬̤˲˫ذݺݵͱҫ䡣
ưĬĬĴȡöСɵУ˫ӥһ㣬Űҫ
ǰ˿ϽҫЦһż㣬˽ˣֻǾθնưе˦ֱҫš
ƲҲͱѰҴһ㣬ֻٶȴǿľˣԶľգ۱㵽ڰҫҪӲ֮ʡĻײ֮ı棬ʮóССǶ֮ţëϸ룬Űҫ
ͻı仯ʹսİҫҲ΢еʼδԶưЦһСӣŵĸ׷굨һ˸ƹ룬԰ĵȥˡ
ۻذ̳ܵͲòһˣţ
ϷŴưһ˵žԿԳƵһָΪֹɿԽԽڱڻؿ϶ռͷ
ĸ׷굨һŰ״ΪŽСͨŶصİʩչַ֮һʱײӶͷųڵһ˸ƹ롣
ЩƹÿһöȾ綾ˣЩһӴƤ֮󣬽һ㣬ֱƤڣھѪҺ֮Уڲƻ˵ľѪ˷ʤŷУޱȡ
ưͷųĸ׷굨֮ʣе˿һתֻżһļһչֱҫȥһ˫צͬʱ̽צγһƷֱ˰ҫ
˱ͲʲôѰ֮˽ʥ֮깲ͬ񣬱˴֮ĹϿν޷졣ƺҵĲֻܹ̫ˣҲ˰ҫʵ
ҫĿһǰϸţëƹ룬ûоʲô̫вֻǾҪ˹ֵ֮ʱȴȴһ
ֻ߸Ծһ˫ҷתʱһ΢۲ͣĽ𣬽ҫǰĸȫǣҡһȻԱǣסƹ룬Ȼƶ˿
ľ裡
һ֮٣Ǵ˿ĵ˵ϣðҫĪһ١ǵľգҫеǹа𣬾ȻʼĵȻ
ҫ磬ҪΪЩ޹˱𣬿ɲҪĹŶʧأҪŶ
öĻҫĶУʱеǹаͬһůʹ
˿ƹƵ޷ֻһתյıܹո֮ʣһȵĵӭҫ˫۲ʹһ˫ƵѸǳȱҵĵգۼ佫˿θǡ
˫ͣ
˿һҧһᣬ˫ʱצӰ׷ɣǵͥ񣬵Ҳ·硣ֻ˫۾дľȸУѪڲѣһ֣Լǳ˲Сƿ
ǰİҫɱһЦݣֻЦݲ֮ǰǰѪ̣Ǳһ˿ᶨȡ
˿ҫ׷֮ʱϢҫ֮Ṧߣ٪֢ͣС֮ġҲһ㣬ڰɱ͵Ϯ֮ʱŵ֡
ʱͬգһһ类СһԾһ˫ذ׸߸̧ҫıšɾڴʱֵķ֣Լ˫ͬѨһ㣬ô
һĭͷЦĿһΪǸͯѰ˼ҪҪ·ءԭǸ٪尡ȻˣҾͲˣ
һ䣬ס˫΢΢һߵУ·߳Ŀȸٴܳ˫һ֮һһҵķɻ֮С
~~~~~~
Ĳҽ쳹ʣֳ˵߶ͬʱҲϺëҲҫ˫ۼС֮⾭˽ųɣѾֻܿͷˣϸǵһƬ
⸱ֲֿĻ棬ʵԸǳʵŵϵһ顣˿˵ı飬ҡҡͷһתһһöֱ䴩ԴСܶ˵һֽѡ
ҫһкƣ˵˵Ѿͷҽƣһֱй֮޲Ŷ
ͷҫ绵ˣȡЦҡոյľƫһ߻ħأ
ҫ΢΢һЦԴҲ龪һ֮ǰԼȷѾħıԵĻѣԼԶħҲҪȥħֻΪһͷ̵ķޡ
ҫʵýʣ˿ư岻ѣ֪ԼԲǵĶ֡ǰҫеκһˣԽ¡
˿һưߣĿԣͬʱ˵ͷư΢΢˺˿ȭ˵λ뿴ŵķϣҶһ·պк񱨡
ҫ̾Ϣһҡҡͷк͸ҲԽԽᵽʵҪԣԼʵãôֽһ
Űҫҡͷ˿ҧ˵ûô
⻰ȥЩ˵ɣôҫƽֻеɱȴֺ
ãȻˣǾƴƣˣҲǿģ
˿һҫΪǽҪ˿ȴסư죬˦ҫԼǷɴ򼴽ɢ֮С


ʮ 
ҫʹ˸ɫߵͷʾףƮݵֱӽ˿ءҫӭư֪Է־ٶ϶ʲôè棬˲ûзɾ衣
ҫ룬ư׷ɵҫǰ֮ʱɭȻһЦ漴ϵһĶһнѿȡ£֮ץסҫ
һ֮ɢķ밵ֱҫȥҫΣ壬Ҳȥأȼ㣬˫۷תǸðҵӿǰİɡ֮󵥽Ŷأһ죬˳
ҫȻƷҿ񱩣Ʒͬը죬ưǾһƣг˿־ԲʣʲôˣҪ֮ʡҫȴᣬֱһص֮ϡ
ž
ͷѵưĶߣоԼͷǹ֮ںʲôˣ漴ǰһԿκư߿Ѫҫֱһƺԣ
һû̫ƣȴһشݺݵûһ˿ķưŲ΢һ٣һ˲䣬˫һ˿ĲԶ·һ޴ĵţֻľ󱳺ȴɥȪɱ
绨Űİ̼ѽ˿ȥ·ضϣʹ˿оѣѾͷİַ˿ŵİٽַ
˼ջ֮ʱһ񱩵Ʒ֮Ϯ˿æצΪȥҫһĨЦһᣬƾͽɡצƾһȻɢܵɢ֡
˿߲İֱ۾ѣֱһʹ۰ҫһеģ˿δ֮ʵСʱ˿Ĵɲ̫ãǰסȥ·аҫ񣬿νǱ֮֡
ãˣλҪɱҪϤ㣡ʹˣҲԲŹǣŵ˲ɱ˿ǲʣǲҲûãƱǿɲжķⳡ滰Ҫ˵ġ
ҫһհɫҫ˵ͷʵŴԶܵΪ
˵ˣͷô˿ҧҧص
ҫ˵ͷصҲɱ㣡
˿˫һУ˵Ǵ˷ǰһǸپ˼ٵĳӹ٣ʹ佻ֻǸ׷붨λʵץģŵĽɱʹ屦
ҫͬʱüͷһ壬屦ſ׹֮ȣȫͬն屦һ˶ҫһѹǰߡУŵĿȻǹ٣ŶĴѳ̶ȣǳǵ
ֻ˿˵֮ȴûģҫ˫һɣ˵ڶأ
˿Ц㵱ɵôǲɱңɲҲŹҰɣ
˿ĿƲһԵһۣ΢΢һ㶣Цҫ΢ЦŻصû뵽ˣûұûдŹ㣬Ұҫòƽ֮£οĴׯҵĹ硣ԣ㻹ȥɣ
һ䣬ҫ˫һһɱ˵ŵ˿æ˵ȵȣѵ֪ŴеĿô׷٣ֻǸѣ
ҫľޱҡҡͷص룬˵ˣʹ֪Ҳ屦ļֵûô󣡡
˿ؿĻˣǰɱڵİҫȫ·ƣԼ뷨ҫӦûΪ˺ĶЭķԼһ·ɰҫһ£ĵҪɱ
ڰҫҪֱӻ˿ʱþҵͷתĺ˶Ȼ֡
˿һϲŵĺӾңԣȻҴׯٿˣСŮΨһҴ֮ˡ
˿ûˣ鸡Ĳ涵ݣǳģȫһ书Ůӣʵúϧѡһգ̬֮ת䣬ʹǰҫòԷݼ
ҫ̾һ̤أ˱ֱ˿ȥֱȡ˿ţƾƥӿȣһҪʵˣ˿ҲҪϡ
˵ľ벻һңҫֻһϢ֮ѵ˿ľ룬ʹúԸоһ˿ʹ֮С˿ͷҲأȥͬʱҪװһ书ģҲΪˡ
ڶģǰƲԼֻҫһһҲ㹻ԼӳˡȻĶˡ
ҫ󱻺ŽץסСһŮ˵Ŀʵ飬㲻ɱڰɣ

ҫһŭȣҲøʲôһת˳ֱ۵ľӿҲһǶԷԭû߿ҫһᣬɫǿ񱩵˳Űҫӿȥ
Ժ䣬ҫű˴˵俪ͬʱһɶԶ˻ĿŶԷ˴Ҳǻྯš
û뵽СС;˹Ϸ׾ˡ׵̣»
˵ƯʵһƬκˣֻǸոյһ½ӴԶ԰ҫ˺̵˽⣬ԷԲԼ֮¡ŻʶҫոձĹΪȫʵƽһԼеơȴԼµĹвȥϡ
˿ϲŵԼܳԣʱ䣬ȻֻǼϢʱ䣬ԼҲѾߣ䱳װһŵģ
֮ǰҫŵĶţûע⣬Ϊʱעȫ˿ϡ˿ò˵Ҫѷɫ֣ҲԳƵǻòǾʧɫϳģúϧѡ
ӽߴˣɫˣҹаһͽⷢӣλͬʱ£ǸСӣֱɱ£ٺ٣ϲɫһȻģֿ˻
ӣǲ۲۵ĶˣҴڣȻ˵ֱ¾Ĵҵ岮ĸȫϣʵ˷ָ빫Ϊ˿ͣҫˮ鲢ïĻе˿˿ۣľ֣Ƶá
üһȻɫϣҲɵӣ˿Ļֻ֣ͬʱҲһĴ㡣
λ֪λ˵Ŀʵ飿ҿλҵǰȥ˪פأ½Σ΢Ц˵
Ŀһɣһһöֱȥٶ֮죬ǻҹգ̼ѵǰ

űһһߣֳ̧öץȥŸոշӦľ֮ɫֻǶˣöȥ򲢲Ǻ죬˿Ϊں쿪˵֮ʣ˿Ʈα˽֮С
ûбŽסһĻߣƹŵģֱ֮Сİַ¯࣬ⰵĻҲž֡

һŮԾ˫üһƣһԾұȻһӣöбö£ƻޱȣȴһ׽ĸоһţԴͷ
硢ơ辢ޣľ°
ʧ֮ʱȴû֮ǰǰ˿ľ·ʯ󺣣ûһ˿춯
üͷɲҪġ漴УԶľ룬ֻǷֵһ̲Ѫȴ˿ӰѪûС
ݺݵҧҧǳǰְţ£ܲˡ
һ䣬Ҳ˺˵ķӦȡһöһһֱ̻ʣըγһǱ״ͼ


ʮһ ҵƵ
ſɢ̻Ǳ״ͼͫΪ֮һ
ѵŮѩѱˣѹһְ뻯ֻǲ֪ǺݣҲ߲ȥҪǡŰԴĦš
ĻĴ̼˺񾭣ڱѾͷʲôȻָǣҿһ¿϶Ǹɵģ֮ǰŮҲĶӣѱڣֱɥ޲磡
ŮһȫûǿԵģοֽĴС㣬ͬ踾
ɫһޱȣ˫΢΢ڶֺúýѵѵǿûĺ졣һٶ˺һæԼһԵĺҲǰһİոո̵ӡ󣬾ͺèĹ򣬸һ֮
ΪΣ֪ɷȥһҵҲԾౡ֮⣬ҪţƤǵľ
ҫץס֣ҡҡͷһҲҫ˵Ѿͷ˿ӦǱ˾ˣֻܽ°£ʵ֮¡
У֮£ССİҪкѣԼ𣬲ҪЦһ
ҫüҲûаһ£֪Ů˽˵һ£͵ԼûߵȴѾҧгˣǰҫԻһĻ䡣
ͷ˺һۣ֮ƵĽӹ磺̨е˿еɱʹеϴ󣬱̶˿
ҫ˵ͷҲᣬ˵ѾͷҿŴ˷ͼСǻȥ˪פ֪ͨһԺʲô䶯Ҳ׼
࣬˵ͷصţҸոѾһ͵
ʱһԺѻðɣΪոհҫ޶õģѾеʧȥǡһ·ϣҫǰģѾĥġ
ߣѩѱйϵΣӦҲֻһײˡץ˵ʱõ潻ͨһ£ҲӦȥˡɩѩѱˣ׵İе⣬ǹԹԳΪҺҵϱûʲô˵ġͷ˼š
Ƭ֮󣬺ջ˼ЦȻˣҵȾλһͬȴɣһ˪ˣҵҲ֤
ĲͷѾ˶㣬Ц칫ӣԭһ·ǵ⣬Ǻû¸ɣǵ£ǿû˷ʱ䣡
װȥĻеŭȼʱüĿŭݣ˫۽Ŷ˲ţеŭ·ҪǺǺһģ
ѾͷҶĺİȥ壬㲻Ҳˣˣֱ֪ô治֪ô̵ģǼһǶ񶾵ͺèȵβһָ߿
ĸڱҲǺаԵˣҿҵķҲҵŵ档ֻ۸ˣֻҪ΢ֹ䣬⵽ıνݲðɳӣɼ֮խǰɳҲ󲻵ȥ
췸һǾŭ˰ҫôһˡƽʱ۷ʲô¶֣ᳫһ²һ£²ֻҪԾǵĵߣôǵŭԻճɻҽ
ãҫˡ
쿴ŶĬΪ˱ԼƸˣٴγԷ̵ô˵ողͦ˵ôǼҲͳһʱ֮ѣҲҵҺҡ
ʮϢʱ䣬ҵߣ
ҫ˫˫ۣ产˵ľ⣬ֱƺ죬ŵĺһӣ漴ֲ뱻ҫŵγбһȣҫȥ
󵨣Ȼô˵СԳ֣úóͽһ
ҫҡҡͷ˵Ѿͷˣ̽ʲô
һĨЦ˵ͷżһ㣬Ӱ֣գ֮ǰ΢΢һ̫ˣԼ˫뷴ӦȻϣֻգһ۶ѣԷѾԼǰˡ
̫죬Ǻʵ̫ˣʵսڹʽȫ޷ȣᾳˣԺ߳ڵľ磬ôܸʥᲢۣ֮
һ̧ʳָһںĽϣеıֱӵɣȻһ˦
ž
һǼĶ֮𣬺֮ϣһʺĿӡһ˿Ѫ˼ĿһЦ
һƣˣˣһԵĺҲһʱ֮ҲûзӦĿɿڴĿһĻ
~~Ҵңɱ~~~~~
һ֮еŭ·һڻɽһ㣬ӿһ֮˫צݺݵץ
һָһ㣬ֱں첲˫׻ֱ˦΢΢һ
žž
Ķ֮Ƕĺͷת򣬿ҲԽľ塣ʱһԵĺ㷴Ӧһ
壬¶ˣҺ֮ˣֱĲ񻰣Ƚ£ǵҺˣ
һŭȣԼôһãƽǽΪ飬ʲôʱܹˣеڶǲˡͬʱҲÿԽⷢӣ°ߣ˳
СǲⱵĿ԰Ϸͺúý̽ڽôˣ˫۽ݣ˱ֱȥ
ϹǷ򣬾ͲҪҲˣҫЦһһ̤棬һͬһֱš
ߣƾСҲϷǰʴʣһȭŰҫݺݵĺȭ羪κһ㣬ޱȡ
ҫһĨЦ׼ƣ΢΢һƫצסųȭצ磬ֱץסԷļ˫צһšǽλصڶ˶ߡ
~~~~
ŵĲҽ쳹ҫ˫һɣһתֻƣʵʵĺںŵ֮ϡűһֱӺɳ֮ԶѪ磬ڵľǱİһͿ
ҫ˫ĿһУʤ׷һչԶľ룬̱㵽ûءҫ˫һƳɵʱݺᡣ
˫۾Ŀǰ׷ɵĵ漴´ʹʹٴβҽгҫ˫ۻûһƬĺӰʮƵŵúõĸһ
֮ʱҫҲһֱۣ졣
ںţڵһҲһѾԲѡϲ˱˵ĺۼұ۸ǳֳһֲ״ڽ˳ɵľİҽҲ˷ҩѣǷһ
챻ŻˣûƵŵ촽΢˸跢һ㣬ͣһĴ󣬴൱סʼգŶ͹˰ҫʵе͹ͷˡ
ʶĽ˵ʵԼɽܵķΧʱѾΪӸ˲ʹĴۣڸֵԼˡ
ѻݱɫԼС죬ֵĿŰҫıӰŵʵǺҵĳ֮һѴʥڣʵҵڳ֮пŽǰ
ɽֻһѣͺĲҰڰҫϣʶԼ֮ǰΪֶ޴ԼȻСһ㣬ǰQ˰죬ⲻ֪԰ҫ˵ʵҪɱԼˣһֻѲ˶١
㣬ҿǱҵֻҪǸҶһëҺҾԲŹǣһӾ͵űҺ׷ɱװɣ쾪ŵĺҫÿһ˺һԵüΪ
ҫ̾ϢһЦҸǻᣬԼҴɲܹңҵıҲǱ׷ɱ֮ˣһҲ࣬һҲ٣ԣ㻹ǹԹ԰ɣ
ҫһЦһǰһǱѱȣݺݵĳںԴ֮ϣ߳ɡȻҫֻԴƻƵñ
ŵ滮֮ԶϺüطƤҪǱжǱҵվָŰҫһˣȻңһȥټеĸ֣ҪƤǣ
һЦ˵ˣôȥټҵĸְ
ҫٴһЦ˫עź죬ɭЦСӣллңҪɱڰ
챻ҫһһͣŵûһ飬亹Ծֱ¡ȻҫҲֻŻŻѣûжɱġ
ڴʱܴһŮԵҳҶ̵ģҺ˲ôѩѱûֻѩѱµһѣֲš
һ䣬ۣɫ֮ˣϢ֮ɴܵǰ֮ͬʱϥ¹ΪһʳڣҶüľɫŮӣ˵˪£ݼС㣡٣С𷣣
С𷣣ͬ˵ʾݵĲ
΢΢һЦ˵㣬ˣɡǶɣʲôҺɷƵã
չһЦͬʱŬŬ죬ߵͷʾףƲǰ˵ǺɻĶӣҸúõĽܽܣλѩѱ֮ŮҲѩѱʥŮҸոպ˵Ҫ׷ɱҼСһӣô
˫̱ڵϣ֮ǰҫʵûĵôƶҪűˡԼԼˣص¨ͱˡ


ʮ Ļɽ뿼
ʱĺѾе㱻ˣһԵС͵ĺҲǻͣδˣǴ
Ȼҫʵĳǵϣ˴˸Ͳһģһ˶Ūڹ֮䡣ʹǿҲڰҫ߲Уοˡ
ǣΪ㹦ںԼǿļǰ˵ʵȫûа취֮ģʱҲֻһʱ֮ѡԼصڣһ˵ԼеЩϲģʹԼĴ֣Ҳ׵նɱҫ
ǺڶȷǼҴҵ󣬿˵ǶˣǸƱѩѱȣǾ˿ûпɱˡȷ˵һЬӵĴ󺺣ǰһֻǰϣҪһֻϣжѡ
źǸʧǵģг˱벻мȭ˵С㣬٣֪СкηԸ
˵ͷ֮ǰ׵ϸ˵һüͷֱ塣
ǵ죬Ȼұ޼ɵֱѩѱСģػˮʯȥĴһŭɫŵΪʵ̫ȻȫѩѱĴڣΪôܽŭ
΢΢һЦص¿ɴСһҪԴҪ֪ⱱɲſҰĵط㣬¾ͷˣ屦ʡ͵ĵƣҪŶҸҫҲҪȥˡ
ıȭһ˵ףҫһ·϶չҼС㣬ٴлˣ
ҫҲȭصӦõģ˭Ҫ˺ͱҪ̤ҵʬ壡
Űҫµı飬˵ͷж԰ҫĿŲСС۹⵹ǲҫһոտ֣ʽۺ־;ʵҲС㡣
ջ˼Ʋ˹ԹվһĬĺһۣ˵꣬˵˵˽ˡ
ʵקźˣֻܲˡ˵֮ʱ˵£ѽ˵·ȫ˼ԣڵСû˵֮ǰСĶȥ
С㣬ôãʵ
üһһ˿Цߣص㣬ǶҲŮĿڱտڲͣǼеľȻ뽫ǿпѺ˵ɱӦòְɣ
ߣС̫ʴˣһڳڮС㣬һȻҶСзǷ֮٣ֱ𱰲֣Ӱ켫ӡ¿ǽʩ̣֮ڱʬգЧȡ
ǱĻ˵̷ŵú캮ëֱǰһ߿ͷһ߾ŵ˵С㣬ɫϣģС˲С˹͵ǸƨҵȰɣ
ǱŵˣԼ£֪ܿڱŭ֮£ֱһԼȻ̣֮ԼԸһ̷ֻܴһͷǾ
ΪڶҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬һжѩѱģڶԷҵĵλϸ߲ȥ
ıֻһѰһпܰڵƽ˭ѩѱŮֻҪһ仰ڶ˲пܱ
ֻǰĻȴһ죬üͷһʵᷳѣɱͽ֡ƨˣķš
ҫźǱϥģͷĳѪˣͬٴηģ˵ѾͷˣҲˣѵҲѵˣ˴˰ɣ
ԹĿ˰ҫһۣС죬һ˵ڰҫϣˣġ㣬ǿ£Ǻνļ˰ɣ
лС㲻ɱ֮лС㲻ɱ֮ͷѪɲͣĿͷñԼڹ֮⡣
һҡβģʵǶĲѣ˽֮󡣰ҫصջ򵥵ʰһֱӳ
һһҹʱ䣬ϵһ಻ɽ֮£ǰѩɽ壬֮к꣬дʣףŮˣ
ɽĻɽڵǷΪʥɽΪѩѱ̳ɽ֮ϡ
˻ӣʱҫеִ٣оһ˿֪ӡЦ˵ҫ磬óһ˵Żã׺͵Ȼе㲻ףҲʲôޣܳ㲻ɡ
ҫһЦʱһμĸĸɿԷѩѱ֮ԼСҲִܼ˵еʵ˷ֽš
˷ܵĸĸǣкպĴ֣֮ѡŵĸĸͬԼһôҫ˦˦ԴЩ߰˼ȫſǽһжүŰɡ
ЯɽȥĻɽ֮ϵ滹ҪӣѩأˮɱѾ˾ռߵ¡ǺѰɽϹһҹǱɣҹ¸ǱȰһʹڹǹҲҪɽϡ
ȻӵֻЩͨˣǹ΢Ѱߣ԰ҫ˶ԣ𲻵ֵв
˵Ĺ˵ȲЩ۷һ֮УҲǳͣĻɽ򲻻̫Ӱ졣
һʱ󣬶һС֮ЪţֻǶ˸ոͣΡ֮Уɫһ۵ˣӶ
ͷһˣŰҫֱһƣƷ缫ΪޱȣԷ˵򣬸˵ء
ҫ˫һ⻮ھתӿ֮˳ƺ
飡
˫һԣ漴һޱȵȻɢεܵľ֦ҶҡβѣϵĻѩɳôһ飬һСƬƵ
˱˴˵ľܿҫ߲ÿһһĽӡһ֮ұʹǳ֮з·һϸСıڲϵиҫһᣬһϢ֮䣬Խеĺȳ⡣
ӣеľһȵİ΢΢һ˦˦ƣھƳ
Ŷã¶ѣԽ˹츳ǲСء
ҫоԷƺûж⣬ֻɫӶƵһ̣ɫӴͬʱʧˣǱǴˡ
ҫüʵѩѱ˰ɣͻϮǵĴ֮ôУǰȥˡ
ɫӣصĸϣҫɽ빫ӷģСһɽϵȺӡڸոյֻ̽Ǳ˵ĺ֮٣ҫӲҪ֣
ҫüͷĸˣѰ˼İΣȫҪˣֻ׵ʲô⡣ͷ˼һ˲䣬ǰİɫʧ
ҫ˿ܣסˣŭһԣɽϣҲϵ·ôϰ

ڰҫλõʮ֮ԶһСɽ֮ϣεĿǰӣ˵˵κ壬񣬿ɲôŶ
֮ǰҫֵӣҿߣٺǿʣԸ㣬˫ۣʱһ˿뾴ηЦС㣬ĸķԸСһðҫɽĸ԰ҫӽһССĿ顣ͬʱҳ̽̽ҫӵĵͣҲǷ£û취
˷ۣҲǵģһ㶼ͣľô𣿡
κҲεҡҡͷ˵ҫĽǺ˵ĽֻǶ̶̵¶ѣ˹˵츳жѰһ콾
΢΢ףԺ˿佱ҫȿ佱ԼҪϲ
һصðɣһɣҪſӭӰҫ磬κȥ˵ҪŪһЩ׽֮ķ࿼飬ҾһӶҵĵߡ
κ΢Цŵ˵ͷһ֮ϣȻһӥ
~~~~~~~~~
һֱֻߴһɿ⣬չ֮ѩӥǰѩӥͨѩףûһëë֮ɢŵ⣬ӥ֮иǾ硣ͷβ쳣񿥵ķޣѩѱģƽﲻֻ߶ѡ
չһЦסѩӥЦС𣬺þò벻Ұ
ѩӥͷ­˹ԴʾԼҲܸٴμκӣѩӥıϣκӴ£΢΢һһԲʧ֮С
~~~~~~
ѩӥһ߸߷ҫڵķλҫ磬һҪһ㣬ҪõŶ
С㲻ģĸҫʲôĿô
΢΢һЦصŰҫ磬׵Ŀʲôҫ綼ͨҲһֱȥһеĿ鶼Ϊҫĵʯ


ʮ ·߱
ʱİҫһʯ֮ϣίץѰɽ·
ɽûⰡҲҪɽ·ҫ˿Ե߰·ޱȡ
˼޹ֻܺݺݵҧҧվڲ·ǰұָ̧ǰ˫۽ա漴ұɨ£ֱͣº۾ǰָŵķֲ·һĭˣɣ
һǵĳǰȥҫṦһչǰʱʱµɽ·ͣתڷɡһ֮ˣԼôô³çôϷѡһ·
ԼԽԽԺʱѾֲ嶫ˣܾһЩСҲҪ˺ϱ
ҫһӣһɫС߼УһжϣƲѣǲǸûȥѡһ·ԣȥ·ġ
ҫͷ˿Լ߹·ͷֱð΢΢鴤Ļ·ԼѾȫûзˣŭ𣺡үأȷĸңҰҫǸصص·𣿡
ȷǣ
һƮƮĻﴫҫĶڣһʶѿڶү
ҫӣ̧ˣ¿ɲҵ
ҫüһЦ˵ͷ¶βѩѱ粻ưɣ
һ䣬ڰҫǰԶһþ߳һꡣ꽣üĿ磬һϯֱۣưҫ
걧ȭ˵ѩѱأĸ֮ǰҫֽһˡ
شȡһװˮͲ΢΢ͲӦ飬Ͳڵˮȴ緢һߣӨ͸ͨɢһɼɭȻĺ
ճ˵Ʊ쳣䣬ޱĿҫ˵ѩѱľ彣ҫӣҶ򲻹ĻɽȥɣӹûʸСģ
ҫһ㶣Ѱ˼ţʲô˼ǰҵ˰ɣ԰ҺѾͷĹϵʲôʱ򴫵ôˣжˡ
ҫһЦ֣ӦѩѱĸŸҵĿɣ빫˽һô
ص˵ͷҡҡͷصûĸģֻСʵ֪֮䲻ⲢʸСһ𣡡
䣬صŵأȣеı潣һĽâҫ֮ǿͬŭˣٶ֮ͬǸ¡
潣κˣ
ҫüͷһ壬һתͬһ޷תݣڵӿȻһһ㣬нâ֮⡣
ƣͰ
΢΢һû뵽ԼʽȻ׵ľͱҫءǣ֮ģһתһͣƫ棬ĽǶȼ꣬ϣֱҫϵĸҪѨ
潣溮Ѫ
ҫķӦν죬һ˫ϥһ䣬һ˫һεĶڵ棬һ֮Ѹ̧𣬶ʱӰ׷ɣ·ڣԷ塣
תͬʱһˣеı潣ΪӰýҫȾӡϴĳ鲻ѣϽ߱ʹԼеĽᱻɡ
ֻǣǵ͹˰ҫΪڱ潣ƣֻûзѡҫ˲䷢ͬһ˲䵯𡣰ҫ˫һУһ˫ȭȻһʱ֮ȭף籩һء
飡飡飡
һ𣬳ؾٽӲصܲ͸磬п֪ҫÿһȭȺֹǧǿĽǾھĸǿֲľݡ
ʱĳأؽҧüͷ壬սֱ۹ؽʹѣҫǿ񱩵ȭƵסȥÿһڵһĽӡزǲ뷴ֻǰҫȭͷڿݣҲᣬ޾ƣŪͷö
һûôӸտʼ㹥ȭڵȫûͣЪơ˼ǧֻǰҫֲ˵ĴץסĻᡣ
ҫĹͻȻһ٣ֻⶸȻһͣмʱõֱ˿գͺ¥ʱͻȻ̤һ㣬ʹܲôһϸ΢ȴҫץס
ƣƸǶ
һͺҫһԾӸ£ӿȣ˳ƺǿ񱩶ȵ·ҪǰһڻĪ֮ƣͺԷ
ڵһƣغݺݵһҧһѺ۵ı潣ĽĽâͬжϵһ㣬Ϊֱҫ
潣˪Ұ
飡
еı潣ڰҫƽӴһ˲䣬ΪƬܵĽâҲ֮ɢɰҫһȴȥƲͷ­ݺݵȥ
ڳر˫۷ֿ֮ʱĸоȴٳδ漴˫ۣǰİҫѻصԭأ΢ЦĿԼ
֮ǰɥ׼ҲȥְҫΪĽˡһѪҵʵ磬СӹҼҡ
ȫΪı֮£ͱҪָߵͣʵԼɱȨֻܱԷСЩʲôд裬֮ƨҲֻ˵ɵ棬еıҪ˵ġ
ҫһȭЦ
ؿԼֻʣı潣ҡҡͷص䣬ӮӮҿû㣬ֻܹԼˣΪʲôҪ֣
صһ仰ʹðҫüһжǰߺøͽֹ֣Ը͡Щ˻ϣӲҪȥӵˣǲмΪġ
ֻжѣֲɱ֮ûҪѪɣҿȥɱ֮ôҫԴص
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˵ðɣһˣĿ飬ɲԸףҪˣ
ҫ˵ͷʵʵѩѱŵڼ
ѩѱ˵ҵʵֻĩβһ˵ȥǿڵɡˣѹһͷĶˣҪСˣʵһﲻֹһ̳ͻ⵽ǵսػص
ҫһ㶣µԭˣѩѱĴ̳ӻ治٣ûϵĴ򵽷
ҫջ˼סˣΪǰĳͲˡǣҫֻץͷʹĶڵϣ̾Ҹոպɽ·

Ļɽ֮ϣɽ֮еһͤһʯ֮ϡ˫΢գһͷ΢ḡݿǷƤϸۣٺǾ£էһּ֮Ȼ׺
޳ָḧ˫֮ϵҹ١ί࣬ɽȪˮĿֻ֮ȴ̺һζֱ֮⣬ݵΣԶɪ¼ŵĸо
һգһ̾Ϣ˫ۣǳ˫ۣԵ峺ֻ֮ȴ͸¶䲻ĲɣСʱһԴЦ֮Ļѡ
٣֪ȥѩѱ̳·һʱˣֲˣ
æͷһ΢΢һ
ҫ


ʮ ټ
ҫЦеĿŹ٣ɹٵȴʼմһ˿䱸ΪصǸҪĸޡô׷ɱ̻һڽĵǾǲҪκˡ
ң˫ĶŰҫ˫֮ϣʵ
ҫɦɦͷصŶֻɶѣĿĵӦøһѩѱ̳԰ɣ
ٵ˵ͷ΢ֻһ˫û뿪Ұ벽ٶӵóҫ˫ۣںЦţ޳ԹοһһС鷳أ
ŵˣʵ
ҫ˵ͷصţף˿˾⣬ҽˣ
üͷһ壬漴һ̾˫뿪ңСĽպñҲǰҫԹԵɽȥ
٣Ҫһɽɣ
ȻŵˣҲӦ֪ҵˣô
£
Ϊʲô£
¾ǲ£ûʲôΪʲôֱңǻΪܺõѣ
ٻͷҫ˫ֱŶԷдһ˿ʡӸոյļ仰УðҫԸܹŹֲ֣ƣڵԸ
죬޾Ըʹ԰ҫ᲻һ˿ĶСǶԷ峺һֱģȻԾķٴ̾Ϣ뵽ðɣϣβٿ۰ɣ
ٻعɽȥͷҲص˵һɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦ֮ǰٲŶС

ʱ֮󣬹еˣĺֱҫʲôҩҫҲԣֻʲô취ܽҫ裬ֻҪһöԷͣһİ취񶼺볢ԡ
ԴӶ˽֮󣬰ҫһûһͣ޾⣬ǧֻӬֱ졣ҪǴСǱЩŵͰѰҫͷεöԷһӶ
ҫȴ˿ûͣԼͣ߶Ĵ㣬ĭɵ˵Լ¼ԼһЩûӪ⡣ֱɱĿҴＷһ仰Ļеˣ
ҫεЦЦ㰲ٶ˵һ仰ԹԵĸŹɽϽҫ֪ûж⣬Լ̫ˣܽʵµѣҲ˷
ԭҫ֮ǰϡͿµ·Ȼɽ·ֻԼΪ޷УһֱϹתƣҲûƫ뷽١
ҫһüͷһ壬ͬʱͷ˿ֿ˿ܣһۣɫļǰߡ
ʵǶѾΧˣߵ֮ϣʮ°۵꣬԰Χ֮ƽĸǡЩҲֻһ·׷٣ƺڹ۲ҫ١
Ⱥ꿴䲻ʮͷԾ֮䣬뻮һƮ鶯ûһ˿ٶÿƶ춯ֽͬƬأû˿촫ԿȺ꣬Ѱ֮
ؾȻϣ⼸ʵ˲ٰȻһС󣡡
Ⱥ֮УһŮŮݽãȣƤϸѩףٺǾ£һ˫עŰҫ˵Ļƺ̫ҫҫҲ˲м
ڵԵһ꣬һص꣬ɲҪСĸԸˣҪԴ
ŮӳЦһһۻصô£ȫûпһԴıҪĸȻһȥ˰ɣʵԸ´ˣ
ŮһϼµĿǣƽҲһ߰ߵҲ˵ͷʾסʵڰҫֻǣѾ˰ҫټֻһ·и棬ְҫֻһĻ죬ûʲôڳ˵ص㡣ӶȺͷˣҲ߰ŮӣͲѰҫͬҲֱӺӵٵĴڡ
˽ߴ»صҫ֮ʱͬüͷһ壬Ϊǰֻйһˣҫȴʧ٣ǵһɵЦ
ҪȥһЪЪŰɣôȥĲ𣿡
ͬʱһɻͷҫΪˬʵЦݣУͬʱаҫһȭͷ˵ۿŴ
飡
񱩵ȭͬƳǴһ㣬ֱӽһһŮ֮֮ǰӲӰҫһȭ鲻ѣͣҫվ֮Ůڵ֮ϣӸµĿŶˡ
ڶ˱֮֮ϵ꣬óһͲ֮˶۳һһʱ֮䣬֮Ϻ˸ͣǱ̹ǵɭȻ֮þòƽϢ
һҪȺ֮֮ʱغֱһֹ̧ˣűȭЦΣλʦղ꣬ҫӡ
εҽܣһԵղһƲ˰ҫһۣ㽫ԴŤһߡҫ֮ǰͻȻϮʹĸеŭ
ȴ֮ǰ֮ľѹ£ܹԼʦûڳôƤ£ϢԼ˵ͻϮһṦ;ӵӵʸ񡣸ո׺һȭֱڷڵѪûƽ
ҫ΢΢һЦƮ䣬ܵҲͬʱأ˵߶ĶŰҫţÿ˶ĬĬƶԼλá
Ǿҵĵڶɣͷ¶β֮٣ѩѱŶҫЦ
˻һܵͬʱŭĿӣղЦһ˵ʲôѩѱС٩ģֽŽɽ͵Ա֮ĳͷɡ
ҫ˫һУϴһĨЦɭȻûֻǸСǰСϣĿɾͲԼƤˡ
һ䣬ղһȣֱӷɴҫеͲˮһıһϵĽӰֱ˰ҫ
⿴ƲĽƣڰҫȴǲƻʵ鸡նı潣糣أ
ҫۣĴ̼ղǽģʾĽȵԲѣƵҵĽ˵ɣ
򵥣
ҫ΢΢һᣬұǰһһ׾ٵĽղĽƣ漴ֱ̧ƽȭֱͬһ޵ǿһһȭ
䣡
һȭĦɵͺʯײһ㣬˶ĤһʹɽХȭ磬̼佫ղĽƴݻ١
ղеı潣ֱӱƬһѪͬڵһ㵹ɶأθæ£ж԰ҫչֳʵѡ
ղİܣʹֳѻȸ˼ȫһ˼ɫʼգҫҪӴԷֻƾȭܽղ׵Ļܣɼ˵ʵͲһεġҫһĴˣղС
ʱղûˣ֮ǰİеֻǾ뺧Ȼεѷ츲أҫʵѾಮˡ


ʮ 潣
ʱڳ˶ȫ䱸ĿŰҫ԰ҫոһȭʵǲò֮ġ
ղѩѱһУʵŵĽǰʮȲϳλ콾ҲʲôѰӣȺ˵Уղʵǿ
νһ콾֮һڰҫǰȴһȭĽӲסֱӰѿ˶԰ҫǶһ̵ʶʵѩѱڵһУҲֻ˲ſ֮ˡ
Ȼ˶ܾҫʵҲûǲʲôȴ֮⣬Ͼʱǰ顣Լ˲սӣôԺѩѱƻý˳Цġ
ղ΢Ϣ֮ƽڵİˣҫûȫֻȭ罫˶ѣҲûжɶ˺
ҫӵʵȻͬ죬֮ǰµ׾ˡα˱ȭ˵
ҫҲǲÿɷĵ˵ͷص֣֪ĸҵĵڶʲô쿪ʼɣ֮ǰҪɽأ
һüһоҫеˡȻɻղ꣬ôΪҲδеڲˡ
Ȼ֮ǲŻףҫŲıǮҫĻҲٴδ̼ղ꣬ߣҳ֮ǰȷҿۣʹҲԳΪıǮ
潣
ղһ£ʮ̽ͬʱһͺȣһ任Լλãң޵֮ƣ˰ҫе·ÿ˵ƶеı潣ڵ߱ƣǲͣ˸ź⣬һʱ֮Ϊ
ҫѩѱĵһ󷨣潣󣬴һɲˣͶɽüͲҪҵĺˣղ꽿һŰҫ
ҫüͷ΢΢һ壬Ȼ󷨣ǰеһ˿ļ¡
٣һᣬӦúܿܽˣҶ㲻Ҫ֡ҫعͷЦ
оԼĻеˣΪ˿̵ĹϥĿȫûҪ˼ȻԵõɫͺ˵£ƨ£Լҫڸضȥĳ嶯֮ǰǾ仰е˼˼Ҹ˦㰡
ҫȫԼ˾ٶʹղеŭԽԽǳҫٸһλᣬ̹ɽҾ͵ʲô¶û
ҫһĨЦЦŮˣҪϾ͸Ͻҵ뿴潣û㴵ô죡
Ѱ·ҪΪۣѪ
ղһԵֱӱڰҫܣҲͬʱɴҫеı潣ԲͬĽǶȣֱҫ
ҫһתηתһСͰֱӽ˵ĹƵҲһˣսء
˪أ
ȥ֮ʱղһгģٴγʣӦ͵һ󷭹ҫǰǲûеĽϣһâֻ֮ƣĴΧҫ
һһĹģʽҫ΢΢һʶ𣬶һֹҫ߸Ծ֮ʱԶղһĨЦȵأ
ղһ£ϵ굥һӣȻͬʱеıϸոΧ˰ҫ꣬Ҳͬʱеıҫȥ
ʱҫϿ·ȫıûпԽĶԼܣյԵΣʱ̡
һԱĿĹ٣Ȼ˫ۣȻһĮĵģ֪ôˣŷҫıʹʶȭӿֳһĪĳ嶯ȥҫΧ
֣Ҹֻǳμ棬ʶ㲻ϣΪʲôֲ뿴˵ĸо
ѹĪĳ嶯Թۡؿеİҫֻ˫΢Уǽ֮䷢һϸ΢˵üΪ죬عǡ߹ǡ۹ǡȹǡ·һ㣬ȻпʼС뷽
ǰҫͺһˮۣûκı仯ͣʮڸҪӴҫƤʱı弡λãӶЩֻڷ϶֮䱻ҫ
һĻɰڳɵˣȻ˿Լ͵ģ־׵ȫûа취ȥġ
Ƕ͹ǿɽׯˡԴһ뵽
þ巨Ȼ⣬任ؽλãıͣ
ʲô죬ҫаˣǽܷŹˣղ˼Ѱ˼ţ漴ջ˼һҶ
ʮɽ֮󣬵ϵסϷµıһշصԼ֮ǰվλãϵǽסıֱӸ£ҫȥ
ҫ֮͵һ̧ͷн̽꣬оⱬ䣬ʱڵľӿȡһͺȣ˫Ʊǿ񱩳ҵˮꡣ
ƣػԭ
ǰͿ񱩵ƾȴûж԰еʲôΪķӦν죬ͬʱеıӴէ֮һʢıͬʱڵཻڣΪڹǡo˪Կཻڴݡ
䣡
뽣ĽӴһ쳹֮УȻκһ˵ĹԶѷڰҫ˵Ĺӣһ˲䵹ҲʧȻ˵ĺɱҫƾɢ
걻ɢ֮һչٴλص֮ϣ˹ƽŷڲѵѪ
ߣ溮Ѫɱ
ղǱĻߵ΢΢üǰߵԴʣղǿһۣޱĽŰҫеɱԽԽ
ҫ˰е֮ܵʮͬʱɱҫбȥƽҫ֮ܵ߾ǿҫҲò˲ơ
ֻһ˲ѣҫǰһеı潣ԵԼǰָ֮Լʺλ
ҫüͷһ壬ŭΪֻһԶѣҲû̫棬֮ͬǰرһ㣬֡ΪΪԷô˵Ҳѩѱˣ̫ݣɨ׵档
񿴶ԷĹƣǶɱģ߰ӣúѡԼǵ㵽ֹǲƣҫôܲŭ
˲˳ϣ˫ֱһϣеı潣֮У漴˫֮ȻԺ䣬εı̼䱻ƬҲ֮ɫżһ㣬ٿշˣصղߡ
ղ°΢΢̧֮߰ɫӶˣŰҫŪýͷö޻֮иոǲҪһԼҫϺ˵ĽۣһкԵãǱ˸ոһ֮
֣дԶѣ֮ݣе˰ɣҫΣ
Ҳ̾һƲƲߵղ꣬𸴡ҫҲһ˶ԷΪͻȻôݡ
ôҿɲôãԼˣȻֱֺݣǿЦʦ飬ˣʵͲҪԹˣΪѧһ㻨ȭȾҴģ棡
ղĳԵúǴ̶ߵ΢΢һ㶣ҸոѾȫˣûְ
ҫһһȭصܽˣ
ҫľٶղǵ⣬һѵָŰҫ˵ˣҲǽƽ֮ˣһأ׷֮ǰĲ֮ˡĸƲ˽ͻȥɣȱǿҿʿǴˡ
ղ˵֮ͷҲصҪת뿪һһֱûĹ٣ȴ˵ãУǲ֪νȻҪָӣֻܷɵЦ
ղ͵һŤͷ٣ȵ֪ߵغҰСӣʲôҲʸѩѱı潣󣬸ҹ¿ͷǸ뿪Ļɽ
üͷһ壬Ҫǰ֮ʱҫ쳣ı飬ʹڳ˶һ
ĳѾͷԼʲô˲ˣڹ£ѿͷգӱѣ


ʮ Ʊ
Űҫһŭȣ˵ȫת΢Ĺ٣ҫĿ¶׹עղꡣ
ԭֵĹ٣Űҫʱŭɶı飬һ֮ǰҫ˵Ļ겻ıȻһ˿޵΢Цҡҡͷ±˫ۣȥˡ
˶СһȻ㲻ʶ̧٣Һǳңֱ޷죬ȻԼұȫ㣡󣡡
ղǼĽ᲻ѣԳʱ˿̵ķŭ顣УҫǵĿˣȻҶڳԣԼ¿ͷ˵ֱܴ裬ûķը
ܵڣҲȫһ̫ı飬֮ǰҫûоȫΪҫǼֹڴˣֹ֮ͣʱŰҫϵĽˣҲССĵһ
ҫٴĬĬ׼֮ʱһЦұҪϣĺǿӦûԸǿֻĲ½ٳ
Բѣֻѿ֮ˣȻڽлڣҲһ£ûֻ֪˵󻰣ղЦ
Ҫкѣ
죬ܿ죬ҫٶȿĲ˼飬ǱڵΪһߣղ귢Լգ۵ʱ䶼ҫԶǰһ亹ղ̫Ѩϻ䣬ҶΪҫչֳɷоֻҪԼ΢е㶯ҫὫһƻС
ҫչֳٶȣҲٴε˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ΪǶûзӦֻоǰһҫղǰˡȻһ˲׽ס˰ҫٶȣǾڰҫһ֮ʱȻſ˫۵Ĺ١
ÿ֮ǰ׾ˣͬʱһµ뷨ֻǰߵıȻߵıǾ
ֱɱԽָӵˣôǻ֮ǰǰôһ
ҫĻνһѪղͻȻ˫۱Կȥ˸˵ͬĻһԵعı潣һƬĽӰҫıȥ
һƷҫͷҲص̧ұһӣεı潣ֱ˸ӲӲ
üͷ΢壬ҫǲ֪ȻѪ֮ӲԼı潣ҫû塣ֲֻôΪҫֻ־ǱסˣȻҲֻεһԸˡ
ϣ
һڽӵ𣬴ʱŵĲûҧԼͷоԼеĲǰҫֱۣһʵĵĽϸһԼı潣ֻƿҫֱ۵Ƥѣ֮㱻Ƥڵļ赲⡣
΢ʧΣҫ΢΢һЦһأұٴһӣеı潣˦漴ָգ˫ͬ޹ǵľԼĽǶȣһϢ֮ҪѨ˲ƣֱͦͦͷء
ƣţ
㵽ʥ֮ˣɵڵϣһȵʵ
ҵʥ֮ˣƿƤӵУҲֻһˡ֣ΪۣϺʱѾȫûˣֻĹˣȫûһɱã
ҫĻڵ϶õΪ֮һ漴Цŵ˵ͷ㲻ԹԵڵһ
һĹ٩٩̸ֻڷڵʯ֮䣬ʮнһûع˶ְҫɵеĸо
ס죬ҫ̫ղʬΣղΪˣ
˿̵ղûʲôǿԣʱֻ衢ʡ߷ŭҫÿ˵һһݺݵİϣʹôʱҪҫն⽴йͷ֮ޡ
ղ겻ϧڴѩˮˮɱٴ۳һ潣̽ɳҫеı潣һǵĽâҫͬʱϸһȣһͬɱûļһһ˳е
ڳʮ꣬һ㿴ңҿģ漴һҧϵѹ󣬱ֲϵʮ꼴Χҫ
ɱңֻƾǲеģΪҵļ仰ǵĺҹңԿóǵʵսܲΨһһ˿侲ֲסνı潣ʵ
ҫһĨЦеԴԴϵĲ̼ȫྭѨ¿񱩵²졣ֻ˫չһŤתһӿȵһ֮ƣϯȥ
ƣޱߣ
ǱڲϢĻ׾ٵĳղĽƣƿʮҲ񱩵ѹȵĵɶأ˼ʹûа취ӽҫɼ˫ʵ಻ֹһǰ㡣
˱ƿҫһ𣬶Դ꣬ͬʱ£˺ʹȫΧҫֻ˶оԼ˻þ
ǰһצλ񲻿ɵ֮ƣ˵Χɢ걻ɾ·ɢ׹棬Թȥֱ죬ƾޱȡ
ƣɽ
ҫǧһƣһưˣòˡҫӿ񱩵Ѿ㣬ڷϰս֮ʱֻ˫΢΢չ漴˫ƶǰȻһϣȫĹ˴˫Ȼ׹һ㣬Ŀɿڴղˡ
ռһʽٳǣ
Ǵħİҫղ񣬴ʱѾ֪ôˣҫչֵľʵ֪롣
ղݺݵҧҧȵˣ˪ѩ޳
ʣʮղ꣬ȫȫ̽˵ļᣬһʱ佣ޱȣâݿ࣬һ˲ƵҲڰҫ
~~~~~
⾪춯صľ죬Բʮеܣһ˱ɢܵľû
ͬʱղʮ꣬ȫϥ¹ǺѪĴŴеı潣ȫΪƬֻʣղǲͷɢɫҰף²ͣݽҧ˫ۺǲʵĿǰİҫ
ҫǻ˹ƽԼڷڵѪҫлƣĻղ˵ĺϻǻƵһʽǺݺݵѹˣղǸ߸ϵĺݺݵĻ顣
һһֱڿϷĹ٣˫ƵĿŰҫԺ˼תͣ񹦣ҫ治򵥣Ϲž񹦶ܱԵأ
ղǵѪߺ޵ãӮǣ޻˵ͨˣɽģˮ
ҫҡҡͷʱڵѪƽҲڿٵĻָУ漴ЦƨǱҴʧô˵ˣҪǲѿͷǸӱѣ㵱ӵĻǶԷ𣡡
ŰҫǴֱɵĺղûҧԼͺȵʿɱ裬ҿͷ~~
ʱ忪ѨΣҪǰԲֻǣַԼˣ亹ķ֣΢ЦſԼͬʱȻһ꣡ơ
һĭǺۿȥѰ˼ҹһĹ٣Ȼ֪·ѨʵüʹǰҫҲҲ˵ٵʵܻҪڰҫ֮ϡ
ղĲͷĽȣҫЦһһĳȥ˫۽ԽԽŵղ꣬ɭȻйҵ뿴ҪҪ


ʮ һͻƣ
ʱֳպأҫÿһϵɱͻǿһ֣ղ˰ԼȫˣȻأֻ˶ѣ񹦵İɲЩé®ëͷС̻ġ
ղ˵ʵҫȾͲһģǴӹʽٳӦ䡢սȣҫֹ߳
֮ڸտʼƣΪȷף˰ҫһֲټĿӶղ˶԰ҫӣȻʱ˿ǿνʳ
ҫߵղǰʱеɱΰӿղ꺮ëֱ²ѡҫ˲֣סղѩϸ۵Ĳ˿ûϧĴ㡣
ֻֽղɵģͺǰղû˿һ㣬Ե׾٣漴һգ֮ǰ֮СƵãղ궪ڹǰ
ͷϴ
ͬİʹղһ飬ҫ˿־뾪ţߵĲһ˿顣Ǳɱղ˿ɣԼٴǿӲܾҫԻὫС
ǰĹȴɱ˫ۣһɮ붨ģҲȫûֹҫĴ㡣𿴹ƽκ¶ΪӣʵƢԸҫҲͬЩûʵˡҫ˶Էһ֮ء
ղҪ¹ͷ֮ʱԶһ̾Ϣ~~~λ˴ˣѩѱϣĹһΰɣ
ոҫǰһǰղԲ֪١ͬʱٶȻ˫ۣһԵĿյϣҫҲͬŤͷȥ
Զľ봦һһۣͿӣǰղϲĿŶԷ
֣ǿĸо
ͬʱ뵽Īٶȣö΢ԾͬʱҲоԷܰв鿴ˡԼȻȫûзԷʵҪԼ֮ϣʹˣҲ˿塣
ѩѱִ𣬼λ
΢΢һ̸ֹΪǫѷûΪԼλȨصִ£裬ʹðҫжʱøСҲͬʱıȭ
ִ£ˣ̵䡣ԼеʵĿһУڳڮѩѱҪңѩѱΪȫûоη֮ġֲ֪ܣΪĶͽҪܵϳִͣ
ղĭɵָŰҫһͰͰˮĵá
죡
ղ껹֮ʱըװĺǳһԼҲ͵©һģԹԵֹסУվһԡ
ɨһȦʮ꣬Լղ꣬һʹһɸֵĽüͷղǳ֪ʲôˣ˰ɡ֮ܲɱɱǸԸֻܣΪֻоôһеСɾͱմմϲӶˣ˿֪ѧղͲܹ˼أοҫѾˣǻﱧԹôǶѩѱƤ˸ȥĵ˼һܣú÷ʡʡ
˰ղȫͷѵ⣬Ҵһ䶼һأȫԴ˿ˡ
ǻعЦöλЦˣѩѱ죬Ӷ˵һԴ֮ģаͷ۲Ѱĸ˿飬Ҳǽҫ֣úôĥһЩˣäĿŶǣڴлˣ
˵ٴαȭһʹҫβѣæ˵ִ¿ˣҫ֮ǰһʱŭͷԲѷҲеˣеѩѱĵطִ¶
΢Цŵ˵ͷҫҲԽͣʱ˫΢΢һ١֮һ˿ĪĹâ漴ʧЦǵشʵǺ£ССʧܶ޷ܣôԺǵĳɾͣҲ߲ȥм򣬾Ҫǵ컯ˡˣ»Ҫһˣλǣ
ҫٹһĿ뿪һԵĹٿ˵Ǵ۽磬û뵽ôãտʼ˵ɱףһе㻳ɣڿҪĹˡ
ҫ΢Ц㵽Ǹ߿ˣҲҲɣ
ŤͷעŰҫʵոտɱڣбҪô
ҫ˸صȻбҪҵѲʲô˶۸ģҹӣǵظСֻҪŪҵѣҶӦеĴۡ
תɽȥͬʱЦֻһԸҿûҪô˵ˣҪôɵľٶҲԼô
Įûмŭҫҫʼ磬νĸȥ
Ҫллĵ飬ѣ

ƻ֮ʣ˿ǰǧ̤ݣһҹ֮ʣ˻ûиϵĻôĻɽǶӵ򣬾ԻǴҪ鷳
ǧ̤֮ϣǶԱѩѱ̳ڶ˿Ҫ֮ʱǰһðҫľ
Ϧ֮£ǽݾͷһʫŮ΢ЦſŰҫ˿ͤͤӰµĵ޿޵٣Լ崺ЦݣһеһУճһϢĻ档
~~~~~
һ͵Ӱҫڱҫ΢Цű˫ۣڷ츲صı仯
ߵĹٷ𣬽ĿֱӽƷɣеĹüͷһתͬҶһ㣬ͣߡ
þò
ţٴ磬һ·ˣ
ŪˣչұȽ϶һ㡣
ίһЦǰϢԽ񱩵İҫ֮г˰ϲ
ҫͻˣʥʥ־֮кЩʱգʥ֮һĴֽǽʤյĻƿ
ʱҫڵ֮У羪κһ㷭ϢȻûиһ㣬ȴͣϵ
֮䣬߱ȫŽ以ĴݣҫľĤ⿪ʼİʹʹðҫüͷ΢΢ϵ麹ֻͣ־ʹĿ죬ȥҲ죬ʹȥ֮ĺôǣҫٴεõǿ֮ȥࡣ
ȥߵĲǺԣڽ֮һ˿ôûʲô֮£һ˿ĲཫΪԷ쉋֮ˡ
ϵǿ֮󣬰ҫڵȴɷڲϢžԽԽңҫеʹֻʹȴһױȵĳСϢ֮»عҫȹȥ֮һڵľü͡
ˣҪǰҫµëףúлеë׶еڣһһ֮ԿеͷţͨϸСë״ݳ⣬ȫûаֵС
Űҫ֮ϣԭĻ쳣ʵҿʼγһĺȣȥǰ㱡ֽͺҫϴһûǵ͸һ㡣
ʥ֮ţǣˣˮ֣ﵽڶ֮ʱֻƤ˾⣬ŵĶɱǿĹԶˣνǹؼ汸


ʮ ˵ĸӡ
ٽ򾳽˵࣬Ҳ٣һЩ츳֮ˣҲ뾳ĵáֻǣҪһڽȥɾͲ˶ģһЩ˱һʮ궼һ¡
ҫչֵе㺧ˣ18꣬ٽ19䣬ȴʥ֮츳һЩУҫչֳ츳Ǹ˵񣬾ԻὫ䵱صδŵĽӰˣʹѩѱֶ԰ҫʵĿҲǼΪӡ
ҫ˫ۣչϴһžҫԼһԾǣǰֻٶˣǳʮɫߵˣ˵˫۶
ҫ磡
ҫĻУҫҲĽ뻳漴̧ͷĸ˸ԴЦѾͷõˣ
ⷬٶʹڳʮӣ˫۱һ⣬֮еĹҲЦҡҡͷ
ҫѩѱ֮Ůɲݰ
Ů~~~~~
һĽը˵ĶߣһЩƹϲ֮ˣŶ䡣ҫˣݺݵһԾķֿߡ
ǰһ׹Թڳ˶ûа취ȥ׽Ӱʵǿ쵽˼飬˰ٶȣֻһϢ֮䣬ҫǰ
һ߰˷Ƶٸڶǰٸնһϯ£ҶߴһαƷ͹Գ߹ĪơǾþ˪˾һѵĳ
ҫ˲Ȼǰλٸˣѩѱһ֮֮ϵĸٸһǰĿȻһ㵭ֻ涵Ľݺݵı뻳Уޡ
Ůˣ㿴㶼ݳʲôˣ϶˲ٿ࣡ίˣ£ԺڣԲܿˣҸţŶҵıŮ~~~~~
ҫˣɵˣڳʮȺˣλ߸ϵĸȫֳһ亹״ֻ̬ߡ񲡢ݡ
ٸͣİŪԴ壬ͺһ޵һܶӣεĻͷ˿ҫ˵ҫ磬ףĽȻЦˣ
˵֮ĽȻͻȻŤͷһҫЦŮˣãǸһ
䣬ĽȻסͬʱһֻҫץȥҫһԷĻԼûӦأʶҪ
ֱŵˣԼˣˣڵҲס˾ͺ񱻶һ㣬ֻĿŶԷץסԼļͷ
ĽȻץסˣһչǰٴγһģĻӰ֮˶ԶǸûʵı񹬵漴һ
һϹſϷԱ˷û¸𣬶øȥ֪ν٣Ҳ
ٵӲԾĶ˶漴ҡҡͷ򹬵ȥȺҲɢȥֻʣһһŰɫߵӰû뿪
ʼձһľ룬ǻɵпԿ˴˶ڻŶԷһ˿ڵǴܳصİҫʸҵĶ֣
ڲԶһˣ˲£ֻҵϡӹ˲õʥŮ࿴һ۶£Ȼ
ɱŵã˼ұϾǿˣѵһ֪Ѷ˾ˡοʥŮмӣɱ±ʥŮô
ҪģʥŮԺҵ⣬˵ȭۣûʵѧҲã
˫̸ཻһղǢһֽŵζ˫Ŀ궼һµģǾΪеİҫ֮󣬶һչƮȥ

ǧƽľ͵֮УʯĽ֮ϣһһ˵űڹ١ҫǰɶ칤ĵ̣·ֻǱӡһ㡣
֮ϣĽȻģͺ˯Ƶģֻһ˫쳣üĿĶŰҫš
ҫܳأƱ潣󣬵ĽһӶ浱ѩѱ˲ɣĽȻһķ֣ŭȳһɼǿҵķ֮ԵĽҫ֡
һԵС΢ţ漴ҡͷԼԼһأҫ޿ɱģ˳ȻĺáҫԸһҪŮ˱ˣֱ˶ϵĺá
ҫ˫ü΢΢𣬱ȭЦĸҫСĸҲ氡볣ֶսʱеˣҪӮҲס潣ҳ˲СĿͷأֻѧղûзӳCDûСĸҵĿ飬ҫûʧɣ
ĽȻ˫Ŀ΢΢һУǹɷ֮ԽԽЦСֱҵ⣬ҿɿĵСˣȻ޿֣Ͳɱô
ǿҵƽҫѹȵֱð麹ǰҫϷ䣬ҧЦĸأȡҫҲ˵ôϻˣѵô
ȻŲ㣬Сһﻹͦ˼ģҵıŮ۹⻹̫ҪΪҵ׼Ůɲô׵ģһҲҪúɲУҪʧŶ
ĽȻЦЩϰԵСǸһޡеĺ嵹ðҫеظҫĸΪ֮ϰҫıֵҲ׵ķۡ
Ҳ΢΢һ죬ǺЦ͵͵˰ҫһ漴ֶĽȻգգۣףɲҪʲôϡŹֵķ˿飬ʲôץֻϹ֮ġҾ͸ҫ˽㿴
ĽȻæһǰĹذ֮ɫһ˿˿ί˵ŮǧҪôԶộģҰŵĿһ㶼ѵģǧҪŶ׺úõչ㣬ֲ㡣ҵıŮ˶ٿడء
˵˵ĽȻȻٴοðҫ˺Ǻգ˵Ժе뷨һ£ôôĸף
εҡҡͷο˼䣬ĽȻΪЦͣתȦеͨ죬ֺ첢ǽߵĺ죬Ƕĺ졣
ĽȻһ֮󣬱תͷ٣΢Ц˵٣ʱ䣬ѩѱ๫ǹʽžĵӣҲѩѱ
ٹһ񣬹Ļصͷĸˣ
ĽȻ΢Цŵ˵ͷһԵŽǿտҲŻ͵ľ漴ʵףأ
ĽȻͻȻɫһ䣬Եúǳ̾һ˵Ǹ
ʵĸĽȻһȥſڳһƬˮϡĽȻһӣʧ˽֮ǰһƬĴãİڷһڱס
̤֮ʱ׻£͸֮УһǷӰһ
һϯ£Ƥϸѩף࿡Ƿһļǡ
Ҳ֪شҲǱβŽ£Ҫûšǽ֮ҲƲסڵƣֻßo˪еıӡұ⣬Ծȣֱɳڴˣ˿ûѵļ󡣡
ĽȻɬ˵ָűףǰֵıӡǟo˪ǿ֮˹֮ʱǣǹ룬ˮ֣ʩߵ彫õı
ͬʱڵһлܽȫֹͣתǻȡΧı֮й̱Ԫȫԭǲڡ
ʱ׵еȻˣȥһ֪ԼĸĸʱΣȫܹĵһ취ҲԲԼԼĻôԼľٶҲԻĸǰ㣬Լ׵Ĺ¡
ŮŮˣҲɣͷһԵİҫǰסļ俿ԼϣѴ㵲ѡ
ǺηʥȻԽͨĽĴˣ䲻òԾȣʮ˶δܸԭ
뿪֮ʣ˭ûз֣еĽָ΢΢һ


ʮ 
ҹҫƬ֮ϣĿҹе£ĽȻҫٰ󣬾˵סĶѩѱһ콾
ĽȻҲЦ˵˾Ӧø˶۾ۣглİɣѩѱÿˣ
ĽȻЦݣðҫٶһֱӱƭĸоͬʱĺëڶԷɭֽƻЦֱ
ҫ뷨ûдȷʵλ߸ϵĸˣͰҫٵ֮󣬹ٵҫ֪ԼǰߺžʶĪս
ҫеĶʼ֮ʱˣԼһ·ϵ˵ЦĶӣ⵽ЩһĳӡĽȻԼŵĵطдӪ
ĽĿ޵֮󣬱Ϊ԰һİҫûϢãӭơҫֻ޿κεٴνߣֻǻûǼԳսߵǰ鷳
ҫһŭ֮£ӣе뷨ǣǲҶôֹԼԼҲҪ
ĽȻʱЦݣҫЦ˦˦Դ֪ԷԼ԰ҫ˽⣬ܶԷĿԺ뿴Ϊ
ĽȻߵԸ񣬰ҫҲֻܽͻ˭˼ԼδĸأĸԼŮ쾭壬ֶζݶΪԼҫҪл˼ء
һҹ֮ϣһͥԺ֮УٷƵĿǰղʮ꣬漴Цһ˵˵ˣ潣ϼֱǣ֪ν
ڳ˶ֵĿŹ٣ղ꣬˵ڵϣĲ˼飬֮г˾塢Ȼң֮ǰһĻƻΪһӰ
Լ߹ϵ㲻˼֪ҫס֮ͷ߷߲ƽ֮ǰɽʮ꣬ҪٴҰҫ鷳
ģղΪ֮ǰĲҰӦǰҫԼɵģһΣҪҫݺݵĻܣֻȥҫס·ȴ˹١
ղҪڼʱȴȿڣʮϢ֮ڣ㽣󣡡
˻һղеŭ̻ͬһֱţϺɫΪҫǿһֱɽ¶ˮĹƾʲôʴʣҹǱ԰ĻҲĴ̼ÿһ񾭡
ǣͬչ󣬽ٰΧ漴󷢶֮ƹ١ٷԼʱˣΪԼϢʱ׾ٵ˽
ǰ˲ˣҡҡͷм˵һĽ󣬾Ľ֣

ҫҧŲݸҹ֮ϵ£ԼһСӰɽʼɽűһ·ɱѰҽɣ֮Ļɽѩѱһеһλһ㣬ʵ͸һã·ڰΰ֮䡣
ҫüͷһƣΪǵһҽ
磬㵽׷˵ˣֻϲҫһˣİɣ
ҫҫʲôãΪ߸ϵʥŮȨƵҰСӣ䲻ϣ
䲻ϲ˵ģϲҰǽͷؤҲ벻
οڵĵԽԽˣȻң
ҧҧ˵ߣȻʥŮֻҪһûлޣôҾͻлᣡ
ǾǿҡҡͷصǺο࣬ҵĲûģ
ˣҾл˰ɣҪɱ׾٣˫һУɭȻ
ЦһصǸôҾֱӸ̹ˣһӮӮ˰ҫ绹˵ڶӮôʩʢĻɣΪ㻹ڴأ
ҧݣҪ˵ȴһɵĻ֣ҿȥûôϲɣб˵˻е㲻̫ðɣ
ҫǰȥһҫǻϲصֱԷݺݵ뵽ҫĻС
ⷬǵľٶһԵŭգŭԻʵĻưҫʣˣɸɴĻҷ
ҫ磬þûȥˣĶȥֻңסҫֱۣ˵
ҫҲǼΪĸ˸Դ˵ͷ˵̸ЦüȥһԵǶͷϵû
ҫ֣ƷΪƳأѩѱı潣¶ƷҲԶһ֪ɷдһҲ¿۽硣
ҫͷ磬ԷһЦעԼ漴΢΢һЦصð
˫ۻԴŭ֮⣬ҫ磬֣ܳжҪڣ¶
ҫͻȻһǲ죬ϸҲȻˣǱԷˡ
ͬʱһ̤ԷͬʱһƺݺݵĺԷ˫򽻣һصܡ
˲ûԷƾˣεıסͻȻҫֱ΢΢һƣǰһ̽һֱͬ߳ֱŶȥ
ƣţ
翴Űҫɵƣ΢΢һ漴ЦһֻһŤ˵ͬһ㣬ҫһơ
ҫѩѱķûһЦ˵
ҫһ΢΢һԭյƣһָۣ£ָٴʹĿѨ
ֻǣҲʡ͵ĵƣӦν죬һ䣬ŷʩչٴζҫһͬʱƺݺݵĺҫš
Ǳ̹ǵƾͬ׶һֱҫؿڣҫ΢΢һƫһʵʵڵĺ˰ҫ֮ϡ
۰ҫǣƻҲݺݵ˶Է磬˻Ӳ˶ԷһУ漴ͬʱһԣ˴˽ŶԷֿ
ҫ֮󣬾ȵķԼ羹Ȼһ㱡ıǣھתӦ飬ڵĺҲ֮⣬ŤŤ磬е֮⣬Ӱ
ûаҫȥôˣ֮֮ɫҫƵе磬΢΢ĲҵȰ۵麹ͣ£ڵĺȫĻİ
˿һлһУ˭ûгԿʵϣӹ뻯ⰵٶ˵ҫԸһ
˵ĽսҲѷԲѾ޵ͽǣ˷׷״ֳ֮
ǸҫǴˣ
ҫǲ֪Ȼ磬עҰճ
¯࣬o˪洫ҫӮ治󣡡
ǵȻʵһ֮Ⱦӵڶҫǵ㱾£Ķְ

һ㣬Ϊҫ绹δ棬ⲻ֪ԳһСƿ˵֮ʣ֮ĳȴҡͷ˵δأҸҫ֣Ľ棬ʤֻ֮ұ죬úÿţ˵ıԣǽ󴳵޺
صһ仰ֳ˵˶ԹԵı죬һЩ˵ĻѾôֱɲ˾峣صʵúܣϾصʵǳλΪѩѱһĵһ֮ǿߣû˸Ρ
΢΢һЦͷҲص˵ٴ磬еŶ
Ĺޱ˵ûУͥԺܣȥҶˣ
һ䣬ҫεץץף֮ǰԼˣԼλãԭɲɵڹپסͥԺв
ʵʸõҵӣֻƾʵ㣬߱õʥŮµҪ֪֮ͲҪ⣬ӹ˿䲻һ߹һ߷̵
ѿ֮ҫû¹˭Ц˵㵽׻Ҫҵȶã˯ˣڵİûôҪҪҰһѣ
ޱȣɭȻСӣΪĻۡ
ҫҲͬЦƨҲˣְɣ㽫򷢣ҲøǵʥŮȥ磬ǵʱܱ󣬾˷ѣ
⽣ŵգʹڳ˶עŶˣһսɱ⡣


ڶʮ ɿǿ֮ˣˣ
飡
ҫԲһݺݵĳȥһȣ𾢷紵֦ܵҶҡڲѡһ󾪻ţʩչæ̧ұӲһȡ
ұ۴ľʹһȵľ޴۵죬ҫҲԽӵķߺŭս黹ҫڽҲһӣ˽֡һССģĴǾˡ
ҫ׼գ۶Ŀյ֮ʱȽżһ㣬һŵؿڣ֮£ͺһڵһ㣬ֱһŵŷɳԶҫһϣϵЦԽԽ
ǰһĻʹܵȺһƬȻҫĽֲŸոտʼһǲĹǰ߱·磬ҫѹŴ
ӿʼڣҫûùһаʽõĶһЩǳȭʽȴڽڰˣ
νпŵп֣ڲԶһ֮ϣµĶҫָָ㣬Ϊ׵ѩѱĸĽȻֱվһģһ߰˳ߵıδ󺺡
ǰģҡֽȣ΢΢һЦʱ˵Ͼ˰ҫս鼫ḻٳӦޱȣȻõͨȭŹ򣬵ƴһǳɣˮʹľ빦ҫ൱಻֮£Ӯ治ҫǸ֮ġ
һԵľ޺Ǻϵĵ˵ͷϵıͺ񱻶סһ㣬ϲޱĻص粻ҫ
Ƴһ۾޺ľګı飬ǿľͷװʲôᡣ
ڶһ·԰ҫмӵԴʱĽȻ΢΢ףȻ˵ĶǷϻҼұŮϵˣôӹأҫԻСӴж˿飡
ж˿飡㵱ɽկϽȫûһ֮ԾҵĺýɣҼϽԽԽҰ~~~~~~ź
ʱ类ҫ׺ݵһ߷֮оԼĿտڷ·𱻱׺һ㣬ʹѵƲѣͷһһѪǿ¡ŰҫЦݣûѸոȥѪһֹͦסٿյ˵ȥƣѪ˿Ŀ׷İҫ
ǰѾеɥʧǵ磬ҫһЦһ̤ת˫ϥǰ˫һһ硣
翴ŰҫһҰ·ӣʼ벻ףҫͷβõĶǺͨȭʽѰ߼ᣬɾⲻ۵ȭţȴԼ˽ʮƿ˵ģƵļ±һ㶼ûзá
ת˫ƶŰҫĽƱȥ
飡
һ죬С˰벽ҫ˫˲䱻һ㱡ıǡֻ΢΢üһ壬ʱ˫ȷ׷ɶ𣬽ǽѡ漴һŵ棬һתһֱ̤ȥ
һʯ֮䣬ҫǱ˦ֱĴȡ벱һתҫǱȵ¡
ҫ˫ĿһһתֳצѸײڶֱ֮ץӣ۳ʹʱұ۷Ѿеˣҫļе㷴ӦֻԴһյıܹһצձһѪۡ
һ󾪺˽ֻڵʯ֮䣬ҫ׺ݵĹޱȣһ˽һˣ಻˴񫣬ҫҲþη뾪塣
Ϊҫһצգ罫֮֮ʱҫȴ˳ƶΪյһצֱץסۣһŤһжͬʱ˳ء
ҫȿ磬籩ףͬǱȣݺݵĳ֮ǰͬλãοǽʵʵĳ˸ʵڡ
žžž
죬ԼѪ磬˳ɵΧȺڶʶӣǺ쳹ڶߵĻͳһĳһ뷨۰ɣ
ۣȷۣûιȥҪǻлİԼ±ҫֱһ߶ֹǣпܡ
ƣʵҫĹȻ仯ˣٶȺܿ죬ҪĻǿֲÿһϣΪҫӦʲô˲õ֮򣬽ôǿ
ʵҫ֮ôǿΪÿͻƾʱͻʱǿ֮Ųһ룬ǿԼ壬Ӷ䱾Ĺ죬ȴ쳣ǿ
ͬʱ֪ҫķͻƾʱǿ֮ǶᱻŷȻѰҫΪо֮áΪǿ֮ǲɿصģȻҲ˲аȥƣɽȫϣһȫ٣Ϊʵķˡ
Ϊֹ˰ҫһ⣬Ҳǵ־磬ߵĹֻҪ볢ȥƣһ³ڶѪܵĽѵ£ʱû˸ȥ
ڰҫΪʲôܹһԣδյðҫΣģʧ䣻ٴħŭ
ؿǰ类ҫıˣجλûнҫ߬Ǳ֮һڣȭݺݵĺǹӿҪٻ١
һȭֱ䣬ظ֮䣬ڷڣûѵ֭³һȭֱţҫҲɿԼһȭ֮ݺݵĺɡĲֻѪмŶϿݡ
˿̣ȫѻȸ˶Ծһĭһ˰ûüȥҰҫ鷳Щҹ鷳ˣΪҫеҡ
ڰҫ۷ŹĿŰҫʤ֮ˣеİĽ֮ҶֱӣûʲôȿԼİ֮˴˼˷ˡڣҰܵĶ֣ͿȫԼбԵ
ƲƲ죬̫ˣġһ𣬰ˣ
类ҫһɳһɳȥͻȻһ겻Է۵糸ٶȳ硣
굥סѾȥ米ţһжһߣҲǺƽڵϡֱ֮ҫȥ̼ҫǰ˳ƺֱȡҫ
ҫüһͬƺһɻ˿񱩵ɢͬʱһֱ˴֮ʵνǲಮ٣
ҫѰдѣôص֣Ҳе̫˰ɣһĨЦ˵
Ⱥ֮˾ȻǺû뵽ˣ
ѩѱһĵһˣҲ̲סô
ҫ׻磬֪Σƻһأ
УҫʵǺǿǸȣԶءͬսȥѾˣһĽ죬ʵѾӽִˣҫûӮ
ܵĳ˿ûӰĶˣҪ֮ʣȴҫֹ̧
ҫʼ磬źЦأôЦˣн·֪ĵˣѾǸˣѵĵ˵̫ˣ̫ˣܲ㣿ǿЦ㲻ôɣ


ڶʮһ һžò
˻һЩ˲ûЦֻں֮£ֻӲţҫֿķ̣˿ûаѺȻҫҵڵ٩ΪԼӸոյĽԼʵҪӮҲûеѡ
ϵ˰ҫĻ󣬽΢Цŵ˵ͷǶǹ֪еնѪȡĶǡթЩеĻġðҫս˵ǲֵ⡣
СϿˣֻҪܹһ飬׼ŮԶĽȻЦĶĺ֮ɫ

ҫ֣˵ѧղ㱻Ҳ๼˵㣬ûпǵĽ֣֪ûȤдһȻմһҸһʱôЦͣƵ
ҫСģΪѩѱѵһţһ˿ɵУһڱ潣ϣ˵ǧʵֱƵڵһЩִ¡ϸ
ҫ˵ͷ˫һֱƺ˵ִˣǾͳְɣҵĻɣԲҪ
üëһƣɭȻһЦҲ졣ԽתԽңҪ˻ὫҫݺݵĻܣԼǰ
ûǰҫյѩѱʱͻʱͷꡣ˵ҪɱҫҫĻȥûһаʽ֮¡ڱǿĺ᲻Ჽĺ󳾣Ҫ˵Ľֽˡ
ʱ˫սӿȣŵ֮£û˸ҷһ˿ֳ廨
Ϊҫ뺫ҪһսʱͻȻһŭװĽȣŵ˵©һġ
ҹĲ˯ɹ¹ԡ𣬻ҾڶŹŲǶѺȥĸ˼һ£ر˯ȥ
һ䣬ŵΧȺȾܣһþ̵ԼסȥǷǱͺϹ׷Ƶģ޲Լ೤ȡоȻֻһת˲Ϣ֮Ʈ֮⡣գ֮䣬ֳ˰ҫ⣬Ѿûбˡ
ҫԵĻͷ˿ֻǺεʼ磬ЦǸҫ磬Ҳ֪˯ѩѱžԵĻȨο׶ϵˣᱻֶθСԣһ£˵⣬˸Υ
ҫ΢΢һ飬Ҳѩѱĸܲȥܹ˯ʱôһľҪûʲô˵ֶΣ췽ҹ̷οҫһμĽȻ֮ʱͷֶԷʵƲǴ˵еĽ١
ҫջ˼˸̧ͷҹգ˵ôһ֣ԺĲӬӦټֻˣ
ģһȥϢˣ
ڹҪת뿪֮ʣҫЦ٣л
лҸʲôͷҲصʵ
ллҳų氡֪ƢԣҵѿӦùҵŲŲɣҫƤЦ˵
еû£ֵģҺʱеͷˡ
ٻعͷŰҫ˿ûһЦӯӯģüͷһ壬漴һԼסȥ
Ĳ¾ͽң
ŹٵıӰŹٵĻҫһۣ漴ֿȥĹ٣ͬʱչһЦҫǸˣ
Ц˵ǰģǵõһμʱ˭һģԵúơһһǹһĨ΢ЦΪ֣֮䣬Įϧ𣬶κ¶Įģǿڹ٣ҶǹȥǸѵĹ٣ҫ磬ԵĻǰɣ
ҫԴ͵ĿעǺЦ˵ɵѾͷ˵ҲôģǶϿɵѣôκҶԣôһ֣ҵдӦòٺ˰ɣ
ͷСһ죬ӣСĵһ°ҫգ漴żһ㣬Ʈ뿪ҫǣḧգͲܶһ
~~~~~ŮҲ̫ˣȻСӣûõҵСӵ˱˻ԣҪÿ
ԶĽȻצҪȥ˺ðҫȴ޺ļס첲

峿˪פأͽһָ壬һ˽
˵ô̳ںųһĵڶ类˴ˣһ˺ˣ
˭ôȻ綼Ƕ֣ҪѹСﾹȻҲгԱһ졣
˵ʥŮ´ѣһ̳⵽ЩСų⣬ⲻֱˣȴһͿءЩ߸ϵ콾һΪ޵Уߵˡ
ţʥŮ´Ѻаҫ˵£κ¶ܿ
ôôʢɾкϷˣϾժùڵ˿Ȩսκ˵ģǰıЩǰ͵ˡҫ⵽ƣڴ
ڶȻĵòֺʱޱĳڶһ˵ôģɴȥ̾ģ
̾ҪɱҲͬʱѩѱ̷һְ
ͬʱһ˪ŵǻëֱؾصվһߣ䡣
Ʋ˶һۣ˻öȥɴ⣬æ뿪ʱõָ彻
üͷָеݣһн뱱Ķͻˣмرע˶Էݡ
þûôˣǸȻͬСɣ»ϱĸΪá

ڿĻɽµһСĿջУ¥ĴڣʮڸǵˣһϷΧм䡣
ƤڣĲߴ󣬷Եе㰫Сһͷ̶̵Ϸֱ˫˫۽˵ʳеļΪòȻͨһָĪζ
һе裬ЦǴֱʰֱóˣͲô
Ϸһͬ۸ǵָ꣬УǰװɵǵĿĶһ˭֣ܵҪƾˡȻҲȳУʱҲһ㣡
ϷһЦǰ˪ѩݣڵƤγĶԱȣ֪ﶯֻʲô𣬳ӻˣԼͱңҿɲ뱻ѩѱĴ̾ϣ鷳ģ
˫ۺһϷһЦģƺûавһ¡ڶֲ֮ʱһº͵صڶ˶ߡ
ӷλʩ԰꣬һ䣬˷ҵǰĿӦһµģλʩڶ֣Ԫǲ֮٣ᱻ˳ģ뿴ĵϣҺƽɺã
һĴϺл¥ݣϺдüĿϹһ˶飬һԻҰɫĳüǰ͵Ц˵һ۾øС
ڳ˶֪Ǵ£űȶҪаġ
Ϸ걧ȭЦȻʦˣӣһҪġ
Ϻ΢Цŵ˵ͷ˫ۿ꣬Ҳĵ˵ͷʾͬ⡣ɾڴʱЩ˲̫ԸϺеʡ
ϺУôԵĺɳӰô
ڴõ䣬һ߰˳ߵľ޺мЦһĻһŮһޱȵһϺһ꣬һͷꡣ
ĺһ۾޺εЦЦĬˣӾ޺еľԿǰѰ֮
ʩҲΪ˴Ϻд͵Цʵ
ޱƲϺһۣصҲӣ
Ϻ̾һһϧģ¥ͬʱ߶ţǲ֮ķȰλʩǶ룬ｻģҲһȷѪ갡
Ϻǹ˵ĻͬʱЦһ
Ц
¥ϺбͻȻһ䣬ֲظеĶһ㣬ëȻû֮ǰǸõɮģȻǲ֪ľ͸úóȳȣô˾ĵֵ켫֮أĹ

峿ѩѱ̳ڣһ죬˾ѡҫǽǰϷӰʶӦǷʲô˲õĴ¡
ҫϵ˾췢ĵص㣬̳ĽȻ̸Ǵ񹬵ҲĽ˯Ǹط
ʱ֮ϣӰնϢֲ쳣ͬʱʮӰڹ֮ǰЩͽˡ
˵񶼺أĿֱǾ޴Ĺһ̶ƿ


ڶʮ ħӰ
ʱǰǹĴ֮ϣĽȻһĿڷ֮ϣǰһͷѩѱִ㱨һܵˡ
ִʱ䣬ĵ˽뱱֮ʱԭ˯ĽȻһ˾Ľһͦıֱ˫ɢ˷ܵɫ
ĸұɴССʮ֮࣬һЩšڡšԼɵȣЩɳĶڵĶֻһĿ콾ĸЩ񶼾ۼĻɽ֮£ӦΪǼҪҪд̾ˡ
ĽȻһִ̧µĻ֮ϸһĨЦ˵޷ǵ˼ԡȥһϢ˵˵汦ѩѱռҲȥһ˭֣ܵǾ͸ƾ°ɡ
ִ¶Ȼһ㶣ż˵ĸ˼ұӦѩѱУֻˣĸԴΪذ
ǣҵĻѵûô費ҪһΣĽȻһ䣬Ӹµ̬߸ϵŮʣݲñ˵֡
ִ¿ĽȻǲһ˿ŵûѣæȭ˵ĸϢŭȥ죡
ĽȻ漴չһЦ˵ͷǱ仯֮ͬϷһ㣬սѣȻ뿪ˡ
ִµ뿪ĽȻһЦȺһθڵǲСҲҪ̵ȥУοﱾΪǱŮ׼ģ˵þõġ
ĽȻİڣǰǱĽб飬׵ı棬Ц磬֪ôǼҵıŮˣŶ˸˻һתŮôˣҲҪԼĹˡ
СѾĿˣҲſԡΪˡ츳ȥȻܲܳΪǵŮҪأ㲻ƫŶһҪúõĿһҪԼǵŮɲô׵ģ
ǰʼһĽĽȻ̾һ΢΢һЦ˵磬ʮˣ㶼ûһΣǲҪͺ˵һҪػߣˣҲҪҡ磬仰ðɡ
ĽȻתҵſ֮ʱһ仰ﴫĶУʧʹޡ
Ȼô꣬ˡ
ĽȻĨȥᣬعĽѺ۵ıǣЦ磬ô͵˵ء

˶ŵĿŹû˸ٿնˣֱǰһľ޺Լһĺߣһбһ˷ܵĹâ
ʱĹǰΪ̳ڵִ¡ͽӡϡһЩͶѾֳҫйٲ˶һԲĽŹǿĿֲϢԽԽ
ⲻҪôƲܳܵģ˵
Ҫǣһ£ֻԵɲܸϵģ߹ž޲Ļص
ʮˣˣҲʱǶ֮ﰡҡֽЦ
ڣһ޺ĿбӵĶŹ˵
ڰе˻ûĶãһɷ纮̹ǵĻ˴ӹбǹɽһĿֲֻһͽһЩϵ͵˺ݺݵĹεڵء
ͬʱڹ֮һ⻺ƺڹʲôͼΣƬ֮ʧǰһߴʮɣħľ޴Ӱ
ӰĻͬŴٱ֮࣬ͨɫ볣죬ʵ߷ã߸ϵĵǰˡָ߸ϣ쳣·ʵʰʹ˵ķѡ
е˵𾪲ѣͬʱ¶һ־ϲɫͻȻһɿֲѹ̩ͬɽѹ̼ѾԲʮķΧ֡
ѩѱǧ̤֮ϣŮڻǰУ˵Ц꣬һһأһϣͬ縺ʯĲûб
Ϣʱ䣬˴ͷƤڵϷһ׳֮⣬˶̱ڵϡ
ǿѹĽĹ־١׳̤ǰһһε֣ѹͥ
ϷȴŹֵ뿪׳ķΧԳѹ
쳤ϣĥǵĻǺѵõģͿϧˡϷ΢΢һЦ״̬˵ܣҲܳŵס
׳ϷοȺСᣬ̾ϢѣԵúʧ

ѩѱ̳ǹ֮⣬ԽԽǿѹҪռᣬܵĿʼϡΪѹѹȣֳ˵Ĺߵ͡
ʱһУԷ׷׻Թȥǿߵϥ麹ҧأеֿΪֹվסŵģҲֻʣѩѱĳء硢ԼһŮӣ˶ǻ΢˫üһ֮ɫ
ЩִǱֵĵǱȽϵȻܵѹҲСϾǾӰҪܵѹҲ˵֮ࡣ
ҫ˵ı֣ƺҪ΢һЩȻͬ麹üͷ壬ʯΣ˵ѧҪ˺ϲ١
ҫ˵ľ޴ӰȻһһͬʱתնҪݵ΢΢ҡͷ漴𽥵ȥɢС
Ӱɢǹɿֲ쳣ѹͻȻʧվŵ˲ûڵأҫ뺫˶ǴڴڵĴŴȾһսҪˡ
ʮϢѣһվסŵľֻǼһƽʱó֪ȥҫݣΪǾ콾ҿƨǣɢˣﶪѩѱ棬Ҿ
ĽȻЦŴӹ߳ϸ֣һɸֵ̬漴һƮ͵͵գգƤܵŮѣӻҪһʱ䣬һ˺úþ۾ۡ
ʱϲüң˵ͷ漴΢΢һϵı飬ֻϲɫһš
˱ûһ˸һ죬Ͼʵǰ⼸ѩѱڱԽƴ󣬵һһΪҶĲ֮硣ڵĴ󲿷ֳִҲһֻ۱һֻۣݲ£ΪҲɷӰ졣
ҸоõĽ֮дģѩѱȻò˼꽫ʳɿĴܲпá
ֲ֮ҲٴˣΪĽȻ˶ԲߡǰȥˣҫҲֻ뿪
ѾͷոǹѹĻ׵ģҫʵ
ǾӰӦǵģ̫ˣǿˣøҲͻˣϲص˵
ҫ˫Ŀһɣľ֮ɫʵô֪ͻˣţĽ֮ߣͨ쳹أܣѵУѴ뻯뻯֮뻯ڣֻһɴﵽħ顣
ͻˣô˵ĽﵽǴ˵ľ硣
ҫҲ߹һСνˣʶôô֪֮ʲôôһƲʵ
ʲôҫһ죬һԵʵ
ҡҡͷͷ򹬵΢΢һУڵ֮Σ


ڶʮ ݷҫָУ٣(һ
ǰ뿪ˣĽȻе֣漴أһܵĽȻ빬
֮ڣ˽̸ʲôһͽǰĸָǰ
ţǽ󶥼ɣԯɷǣһŵ֮ܣʵԲɿųΨһѴﷵ豹֮أܽ˵ľ밮
˲żüãһǺľ콾ͽϿƽӹ֮֮֮˶ϡ٣ȴǾӢоӢ
󶥼ĵǸɾһ֮Լŵĵ֮󷨡ֻ⿴ƽľ棬һ˵ĺճƣǾָС
иŸɶŻ֮Ϊӣ֮ǲụཻԼѧָ֮ȴ·޽һ㣬˽ʱֱԣ˿ɻԷǺźɣŵŶԼĵְֺޡ
ޣָп˵ûԼε˼޷֮ģ֪޲޲ŵһЩ֮˾֪
ָпνŽһ貵ţ֮߼ֱûɵڵĳִ£ʮѴʥڡ۶ิӵ󷨵ϣ˵һ֮ϰڽųɵ󷨵ҽһЩȽϵͼ󷨽д¸ʹԭƽƽ󷨣ǿϰٱ
Ҫ츳ʹžȫ֮еһһȴûָԽӵǫֻڵĳԽϲ
֮ԻָΪˣΪǾ˵츳ʣҪĻΪǴΣɵд轻ϣָһжܹһɵ콾ɶ档
һָۣڽеվǱΪУһ󷨵һˡ£ָȻǺѧ룬Լ̲εԣȴԼʵȫûΪ󣬶Ŀˡ
ָзѩѱ̳һǶѩѱѺõĽοʣɱͻкϵãοĽݷŹ֮˴֮ɻݷʵһ£̽һѩѱǼ̬ȡ
ĽȻ΢Цŵͷ˵ǽɣ
ͬʱҲ뿪ָ֮ʱĽȻչһЦЦСӣþò˧Ŷ
һͷϷȻž콾ָУֻǰ΢΢һЦĸ˵ЦˣҵȲĸҪ𷣲ǣ
Сӣ⻹ôɶˣԯͷ廹ðɣĽȻЦк
ָ΢΢գԼʦŵԯܣһ󷨵ؾ֮ܣʦĸżǿмӣΪϱҲֻǰĽݷ򸾸ô޼ɵͷǰͷĽš
лĸģʦһаãķǰҲǷʦ֮ǰݷĸָһЦص
ֻǰݷôĽȻһ裬Цӯӯʵ
ָ΢ЦҡҡͷصȻֻǰݷãʦѯĸǽҪ汦һʲô̬ȣ
ôһΪԯͷҲȤˣĽȻʵ
ʦ˵ˣܵõãòҲǿֻ˵ԵͽԵ˰ɣָ΢ЦŻص
˵ָ֣ǰĽȻĺƢʼձ΢Ц̬ȡָ֪ǰλ߸ϵĸǶ˲£Լɱ˵Ļ˵仰ͻᱻĽȻˣһ·ɽߵɽ£Ϊ֮ǰ
ĽȻգգƤЦСӣģѾ˷ˣѩѱὫ˱ΪУȺһڻ˭ң˵˭Եɣ
˻һָüëһƣЦȻĸ˵ףָҲϢˣոָгײĸҪ֣
ˣôôôǴ˷ǰ۳Ͷ٣ȺúϢɣûܹĦѩѱʢءˣλȥЪϢɵˣĽȻһͽָȥ
磬ĿɲأȷҪȥ𣿡ĽȻ΢Ц˵
ĽͻأĳĶߣ޷Ȼҵ۹ʲôʱҪСǼӣǵı¾Իᳬ󡣡
ĽȻ΢΢һЦתǰȥ
ָס֮ǰ쳤ʵָǰʵֶĽȻĻô
쳤ϵһеͷѩѱĸ˵һ˵Ļóȥˮûʳ֮˵쳤ȫԷġǻҪóֵ׼ЩţɶʲôƲ磡
쳤ϵ˵ͷ˽̸һ󣬱صԼķϢȥˡƻʱָ֣жһĻ԰ⲽȻһ
ָķһϥڱĿٵǰ飬·һȪеķ벻ȸȫˢȥԽ泩ɡ
ǰŵĵŹ٣ָвûгţѧĿš
һգɽ˫Ŀһԭأƺʲô
٣̨շǷʵ´۽磬ָУ̨֪ôƺָ˫ۣЦʵ
㶮ɣ˫ʵ
֪һ̨ȣѵǴ֮ˣָǫĻص
£˫ۣǻǳ˫ֱָͫʵ
䣡
ָҪѯʱһͬըװľ죬ͻȻһķȥһɰŮһǷӣԶ
ҫ磬ˣ˵òֵģȻƶˣƤŮյĽȵ
Ѿͷⲻһʱûעİֵֿ꣬һֵɾȵǿһֹٲʽҾ㲻Ҳаҫš
ߣҲܣƤûԣ֮õĲȵ
٣ģƭҹȥУֻܻ֣ܶܲҺÿҫίǰ˵
ģṦȻ̫ӲֱֱİÿѵⷽĲ㣬֪ɣٺ˰ҫۣϵҹ٣Ļص
ҫ·Ȼһ㣬ɵЦץץףƨƨߵܵǰЦѾͷǰҫˣ˵һΣұ֤֣
ǰͷƤЦİҫҲЦ˵ͷ
٣ҪҪһһûֹأҫʵ
ûգԼɣҡҡͷĻص
ʱһָУ˿ڿˮʵλи֮룬֪λɷӦ
ҫͬʱһŤͷͬʵǺˣ
ָ΢΢һЦȭصָУ
ʲôŵָУͻȻеǸ߷ֱɤţİҫĤͻȻһʹֵĿ
ʱ˿̵ŭݵĿָУݺݵ˵ҫ磬
ɶ


ڶʮ ˿뽫ʹֶ
ָһͷˮĿʵλɣδ棬Ҳûʲôľٶûеѽ
ҫͣĵͷͬĿҧҧڰҫĶ˵ʲô֮󣬰ҫת̣ת죬ɺתڣı任ɫʡ˵ʱҫɷĿǰָС
Ļ˵ģһڿɽׯʱһ˵ңɫһܺõĶҵʱͬ⣬Ҳû̫ҡû뵽ԷȻҪɽׯǿ°ߣ׳˴£Ǹ˾ŵָС
ǿоûѰҫķը˵Լİ֮ˡԭҫǰָеĵһӡ㲻ڰҫ׸Ĺˡ
ָпŰҫĿ¶׹ı飬еʸˣԼʲôûôԷһҪ˵ı顣
ָʹҡҡͷЦ֮ᣬݺ̸ҵ˼ҫдһڵó˫⣡
ϻ˵ɣҫһȣͬǿգָ֮ǰȭ˳ƺǿ񱩵ȭɽֱָ֮еŴȥ
ָĿһ΢΢һ̧ͣתƱסҫֱۣǣһתһֱӽҫ׺ݵһȭǹӿȭжһɶ
ǿľϴʹУʹָľѡҫҲͬһԼһȭжأȻԷ赭джҫҲڽо֮ˣаֵľʧ롣
ҫһУһšұѸջأƵݺݵָеĲ߼һұһ̧һٴνҫƵжһߡƾףҫš
ҫüͷһ壬ζȻһᣬָܿеⱼһơҫֳŵأȸ߸̧һ˦糤һ㣬ָеԴ
ָ΢΢һ㶣ҫӦ֮죬еϣҳȫʽĶˮЩɵˣ˶սһһ۵ĳҪϰٱֹ
ȷʹָɲŲæ̧ӲӰҫһȣֽסСȣ̽ڰҫĸڰҫΪԼᱻһƻʱֶԷһȫûԡ
ָ˫۷תҫ·ǣľżһ㣬ڲ˱ָеһй֮ŤһšԶĹаһЦŵĲ˿ͣȻʸ񣡡
ص˵ͷ˵ʦָе̬ȣҪؼҲʲô¡ǣܲܰѲ˿úþһˡ˵˿õģҪԼȻﵽһƵľ磬ܴﵽĳ̶ȡѧˣҲòָиոǼ־ģѽ˿͸ˣ츳治˵Цأ
ô˵ôоһ㶼ģٵʵ
ûҪŰҫ磬ָǿûǿҵİҫĳ̶ȣ΢ЦŻص
΢΢ͷʱİҫѾָеĲ˿ѹһϺסҫҲֻһ˲漴ȫȻͻָеٿһתһҰŵأȸոָ̧еͷ­ݺݵ̤ȥ
ָеĲ˿˲䱻ƣһŰҫ׺ݵһ̤֮˫ͫ΢΢һƼд֮ƣͺҫĽġ
飡
һ죬ҫû㣬ָһƺˣָҲܲסҫľ˫ȽҫľжڵϡŵĽӡԼϴʹָʶǰİҫͬеһ󾢵С
ڰҫʱ뷨ָһ£ԷйַĹȫ𲻵ЧҶԷֻǻйѣոյһƾҲС
ջκ󣬵һºһԵֱ˴ˡҫĹΣһ˽һˣһǳɣ˿ûָͣĴ㣬ǿֲĽָнڽڰˡ
ָп֧׾òǱʵֻаҫԼųɵĹԷйַԼȻɲûжָʲôʵԵ˺
԰֮Уɳʯ˽ֵӰ˷йأһʱ֮ѷָ£ƾС˫ս춯ϵĴΧ۵ȺҲԽԽ࣬ŷ˻ڲϵӡҲˣָ֮ǰͬʦֵ쳤ϡ
쳤ϣ˭Ȼܸʦֶѽѷ֣˿ˣһŵŮӾʵ
쳤΢΢ҡͷصӦòѩѱˣo˪ڹɴӵתȴɢһյĸоҪúùĦ˵Ľ֣ӦûвС
ӾǺˣʲôʱſˣȻֶܸƾУ˿ֺӦʦţ쳤
ʱĻ԰ΧˣҲߴߴ۲ͣ
ŵָУдİҫôˣ
ָпɲѰ֮˵ǰڵŴϣɨһɾһ콾ʵǿĿֲ
ҿָеӮϴ󣬱ϾѾãҫȡʤֱ죡
ѶĵĺܲмƲһۣЩ۵ĵͽǶʲôǻֻѣϷڲŸոտʼѣ
νп֣пŵ˶Կҫָֻѣ̽ԷֶΣԼԱ˴˵ʵһ˽⡣
飡
˶ԺһֿҫʱıеĪĹŹ֣ͷ˿Ťͷ˿ָУץץףƵţ϶ʲôᣬСӻһ֮ǰݵ̸ֹֻͣаŮ֮˰
ҲһãԴŶˣһԵĹԵúǸĪ⣬˵һ仰Զﴫ¼úܣǸʲôԸҲ֪ⳡûʲô壡
ٴ磬ô͵˵һŤԴ׺ݵĿŹ١
ʼ磬νĻصԼҵĶ䣬ʲô취
죬ӵתһֲЦݳ֮ϣ򶼴ˣɴཫʹ漴ֱ̧ۣҫ磬Ͱ
һ䣬ҫпһоԼĳ˵ȦƵá
ĸŮҡͷЦ
ؿָУʱԼ˫֣˷֮ɫþûдôʹˣ
֣ǰҫͻˣ֮ʲôᣡ磬ʹ˰Σҫȭ˵
ҫ֣򶼴ˣǼɣϲѣҫֲߴͽָ̣бȭЦ
ҫҲͬ΢΢һЦȻһգҲԼһŵѧԼѧһвС
ָе˵ͷһ˫ֺʵӡתȫؿڴһԲɫţڹŵͬʱСһԲɫš
˿̵ָޱȣɢһĿɫĻŹĻջأָеһЦ˵ҫ֣СˣŵĶŷǾת
ҫüһȫ䱸һ˿и


ڶʮ Ǿת񹦣
ǾתǱڹķǳ֮֮ڵľУһΪһתѭ֮£ת֮ӣ޾ֻҪҾܹܣôɴﵽתѭתžŰʮһתתҲǲܵġҫ֣Сˣ
ָı飬ҫеɵָۣ֪ԱţԼڹķܻ˵ʲô⡣ΪԼʤȯգԼʹðҫ֪Լ˹ҲҪ
һ˻Ȼֻŵ쳤Եú붪ˣֶʼնϰѸİ
ڽ˽սʱ˻˵Լ书·˻ʧȻ⣬ᱻҵӦ֮𵽿ƵáָеΪһࡣ
ԭģŵָ츳ϲѣÿ˽սὫԼ˹ţʽȫгԸǼƷЦ
˵ͷصֺ޽Ը񣬾ȻܻڣҲһأ
ҪԻˣֻжԼϿҪύ֮˲ŻˣԼĵˣɲôµĿǰˡ
ٵĻﴫҫĶУһ죬˵ͷ̼һǣܵȼȴͬΪ
񹦣Ϲžڹķգڵļ֮Ṧмĸͽ̣ҫȭ˵
ҫ룬ȻָѾԱţôԼҲռıˣԼʤ֮䡣
ֳٴһƬȻҫָеʵǴ۾˼ڻɶǷȱʧȻԼڹص˵Ͳ¶Է͵ѧҳƽ֮
˻ڻڲ֮ʱҫһչĻգۼָеͷһͺȣͷһƳָȥ
ƣƸǶ
һӿ̩ɽѹ֮ƣֱָСָһᣬתתͬһͺȣ˱ͬʱ±һΧ˫ƶǻƺݺݵĺȥ
ңƪأ
ָԴݿ֮ƣǻƺɢҫһ䵽ָĵ棬˫ݺύ·ûйͷһ㣬Բ˼ĽǶ˦ʱһƬĻָ߳еıſɶȥ
ƣţ
һȸгָһأǰٴĻߣ΢΢üʱڰûа취ֻһշرܿߡ
ܿߣվȽ֮ʣǰһӿȵĻϮ·𷭹Ϣľһ㣬ҪСû
ƣޱߣ
ָнǾתתٴʮתȪһӿһÿʵֻ˫ۻԲͺһ񱩵쫷磬ֱӽǰĻ˴ɢ
ʧָ֮ͫ΢΢һҫգۼǰһƺݺݵĺҪһ䲻⡣ָеķӦҲν죬żһ㣬طˡ
ҫһֻǻָµĲӰѣо΢е죬漴ȻˣеСأȸոտɲֹ
ҫջ˼һ̤棬һ촫˻Ϊһߣҧסָвš
ҫ֣ңƪĵһ ǧ򻯣ɹأͬҲṦ֮ϣұȱɣָЦİխ˳ɲ°ٶȱ֮ǰֿһࡣ
ԸҫҲ΢΢һЦԽͣھȲľתٶȶȻӣĿޱȡ
ڻ԰·ɣһ׷һϣһӰΧȺھѡʱȺڶǣһĶţǰ׷ҸϵĶˣ۾Ҷգһ£´ʲôֹֻһ˲ҫָеʵһоǰéԶ˵ʤҲֻһ˲֮ѡ
üһ׷ôãƽ糣ûаֵƣ̬¶òɢһ˵ðЦҫ
ǾתԴﵽʮתȻɲܰ˦ҫǿĹԵġṦ൱ȥֻ˷塣ָ
Ȼָһ٣ڹԵ£ҫеزסУ˲һСξ롣ָİȻͬһִĳޣҫ֫ơ
ңƪ⣡
һգ۵Ĺ򶼲ҫ㱻ָסǽ뼡ϴ˺ʹУʹðҫؽҧ漴ȫͨޱȣһ壬ϵİ顣
ҫһᣬȻһᣬһָкݺݵĺȥһ֮ͣŭڳ˶ĤһʹͬʱצĻͳָС
ƣɽ
ǰޱȵĻ·Ҫ˶ɣָ˫Ŀһɣӭתһ˳˫ۣγһаľҪ
ңƪǬ
ѣҲȥָеİȫ٣Ҳͬɢ˽Ķű˴ˣ϶չ¶һ˿Ц⣬ͬʱȥǵѪոһж˶ˡ
֣Ҫô
ǵȻҫ֣ſֽŰɣо㻹һռһʽûгҲǣǺ޹˼ɵʹһսɣ
ã֣ս˭ʤ˭Ұҫˣ
Ҳ˵Ļ
ҫ߸ԾʮɵĹֻоܵ¶ͻȻ߲٣ޱȣеİҫ΢΢һ٣ͬе̫Ŀޱȡ
ָ˫ĿһգڵתǾתԴﵽԼܳܵļתʮתĽ£ͻȻγһͼΣöԷ˸ͣĪ⡣
ڳ˶ԾһڿˮʱѾȡ˭˭ˣҫָеһսǴ۽ͬʱҲԶ˲ľη֮ġ
ŵ쳤ҲûָУָлΪԼʵţ۷κ⣬ܱԼƿء
ֻǣͬսĹȴüͷôһҳ֣õǰʺӲ
ʶĵ˵ͷͻȻʲôааһЦ˵ٴڿϳأѵã
һʵǶ˲ȥֹֻǴʱ˿̿ɰҫָУѵ²ĳ̶ȣ˿֣ͣ壬ɼصˡ𺦵˵ʵƻ
~~~~
һڳ˶һҫ׹أ񱩵ĻΧ˫ͺϵָУ˷ĳȥ
ָһԾͬеİҫµİͼɢǿҵ⣬˵ָͬе
ƣٳǣ
ңƪң޼
ۿŶ˾Ҫǿҵײʱǧһ֮ʣһӰ˵Ĺ֮Уڶ˹ġ
ͬʱĻŲѣмǹ١ҪջعѾȫˣֻþȫȥƶ壬Լþȫһƫֻеˡ
Ʋ˶һۣ˫һչָŶ˵һ㣬漴ջء֮һת˫һһҵĶŶ˺ȥ˾鷢ˡ
׼ָеģһӿָеİ˵ҡ׼ҫģһǿĻӿҫĻ赲
ԣԻ
һϢ֮䣬˵Ĺ˲ƣ˫ƺʵٴγƣƵĹƱٵһƣ˲ɢͬʱҲ˺ˡ
֮󣬹һƵı飬ͺոԼһ΢顣ɰҫָǸһ飬Ǿš
޵֮˽˵ǿƻ⣬ʵƾһ޷ô赭дĽ˱һ⡣һԱ֮ʩַȽ˶صģ£ٽͷȽҶ˵ͷͷһôɢ˵׶ˣ˵ȡһɡ
ֳѻȸж񿴹һ㿴Ź٣ڳ˶֮ǰ˵Ĺжǿͬʱ˵Ĺ⣬ţҲš
񹦣Ȼ񹦣ʧϰ񹦣Ȼһϰãĺˡ쳤𾪵
һԵŮӣʵ쳤ϣ񹦺ôŵĵǣǲͣĴͷ
쳤̾ϢһĻص澫ڹķģκһڹʽֻһ̽ԷľһһѧͨģºڹʽƶܴﵽԼĳ̶ȣұȹҪǿ֡ﵽ߾޼ʱҪ̽飬ֱȥܣܽģ£
쳤ϵĻЩһһ㶵ģܽһ仰Ǿǿǿķ˼
ĺ˰ҫָһۣǷ蹻˰ɣĻ͵Ҷ£Ǽ


ڶʮ ʢ
ôܣȥһû˵ĵطúôһôСǣôǰôúôޱ˵
ҫȻץץףεЦոմˣĻ˵Щ٣㻹ǲһ˰нʲôãȻԽǵȫһ
ָǰЦû´ĻʩչӦ񹦣˹µһ湦Խеڹʽģ¸ƣΪãɴﵽųϵƶȡͨʩչڹʽȱӦеҪǿ֣
Ʋ˶һۣصģҪҾޣ
漴תȥҫָжεһЦ˵ľһսһ䣬ڳΧ۵˶ѣҲǼˣʲô죬չֵʵȣԼǵ΢ĩԵеЦˡ
ЩƽֺһĿ˵ĵǣһ֮ɫҫָлй٣˵Ǵ˶٣һȴֹ̳߳ڵĳִµĳ̶ˡʱĻǲ֪ν콾ͷһ뿪ˡ
ҫܺãʵѾʸõҵˣһЦȥ
ҫӽسɴֶύҲǲѡ񣡡쳤ŵЩ뿪
뿪ָǰһ漴˵С㣬֮ʲôڣĳʲô֮СຣĳĶΪ
һԵİҫҲǲͣĵͷͷ˼һᣬоʲôᣬǽһ渵
ԭˣû뵽СѩѱʥŮѽʧˣȷ·ɵȥ˻ѽһ˵ָһʵ
ҫۣС˵Ѿͷ˵᲻ĸ
ǿЦõĻص˭һ̶ʡİ
ʵʵģĳһԯܴŻСָѩѱ͡ĽȻһ۾Ϳ˵ʱͻСͷԵָУǱԯָֹ£û뵽һļϡ
ҲֻǶ˵һԸ˻ȥһʣָжǰٰ㲻Ըԯ۰ԼȫǰָеԼ׶ֻȡԼˡ
ĽȻо޹⣬ԼߵҲͬǺ̬ܿܵȣΪ˱סԼǰĸ׵ֻǰףӵ˵ԼΪͿŻ£Լ˵ɾԵΪŮĹػָȻ˵ʮ׶֮ͽ
ˣŻᵼ½ЦԷǵᣬĽȻߵԸγ¹׵ˡ
ԼƲ˵˳ҫָ֮΢΢һ㶣֮ôЦͲûڵϴˡСģͺ񱻹̵Ŀˮ̹һ㣬ԵüΪΡ
ָд磬Բçײˣָд粻Ҫѽ΢΢ʩǸȻ
ָסЦǰİҫȭ˵޷ǲʶǰ¶ȥˣطϡָҲ뽻ҫѣ֪ҫΣ
ҫ˵ͷȭЦд⣡
ʱҲˣ¾ȸˣŻһЩʱգպǿҪ߶д裬ѾԻҲһ£ָЦ漴תȥ
ŽԶָУҫ΢Цйоصգټⳡܣû״򣡡
ҫ磬֮ǰһΰɣҪץʱˣʢͿ쵽ˣʱܻΪսĿ꣬ҪϿʵأ
ڰҪȳԷɣ
˵أ
û˵
һĹٻصԷ֮󣬵Ϸŵһ̷ֱ̣סǽڣһѪ漴ϥ˹Ϣ
ˣҲǺ£ʱǿӵһʵ˵ܱȰҫָκεһ˻ҪǿʱûǿӲӶǿһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
֮һֱƲ¶ǲôǰʧ棬Ҳǲðҫġ
ɵӣ˲İ΢΢һЦ뵽

һº
峿ѩѱ̳񹬵ĺʮﴦǾ޴Ĺ㳡һֱʮɿԲ̨̨ܣһͽӲϵĳ֣˵ľ쳣ܣΪ˵ǴӣܲһţҪԼյıˡ
̨ǰһߴıƽ̨ƽ̨Ϊ棬·ĲϣֱžŮоз˪ӰһˣѩѱŴֵˡ
ھ֮ϣֱһģ꣬һ欹󸾣һ׳һ곤ߡ˱ǵնǿߣܹھŴ֮ϸ߸߶ѩѱΪ͡
ڱƽ̨ߴĽȻĴŹǷһޱȵǵģͲܰһϹڣҶû˯أ
ƽ̨ܣ׷Сƽ̨Щƽ̨ǣǰ볤ǡ
ѩѱһһȵʢ䣬ȻֻЩһ˵һǿɣҪʵѪҺע룬ܱ֤ɵʢ˥
һЩƽƽƽĵͽǣҲͬҪһչԼĲܣͬʱҲܼԼһɹ
ܽһ˵Ǳھأһ֮սûѩѱʢ䣬Ѫȣ̨һأʧһֻԼ䣬̨
ⲻЩССھеڱԣԵ㵽ֹĲУֻᱨһһ˭ʤ˭֮ȫûʲôˡ̨ϵȫȥᡣ
ܲпᣬܶڵִ£Լֵ£ǳǿҵķȴĽһξ仰˵ƿԡ
пᣡ뽭֮ǾͻлҽľʲôСӹҼҡĵ˲˵㵽ֹڹؼʱ̺ܻܿ¡ҪһпʵһֱΪֻɽˮѡҸһ׼Ļᣬ֮ľôǻҵľ̫С𣡡
һλзԵ˶죬ȻǱȽе㼫ˣЩҲҲʲôɡΪǶ֪Ľ˵ǰ㣬ԼôᡣԼҲܱЩһӣҲҪ߳ȥҲҪɳԼôĲ̣ҲҪһˣȻԼֻ̻Ầǡ
ȻĽҲʲôѪʢһءǾб˱Ҫڣָһ̳ڵִ߹ʮУʸμӣĳˮ㡣ͬҲ΢һЩɱ¾֮ϾѩѱɣֲаɣԲпһ㣬ܽпɲ̡
Խ̭ƽУվӮ䣬һһʱûйûе㵽ֹ֮˵κֶζʹãֻҪܻʤͿԡ
ǿʤߣȥѡһԼ֮ǵҩڹķʽšֻҪѩѱевʡ
ǿʤߣԵõǿӵеĺô֮⣬һȡҲǵжڱڱ֮ڣԿʼ߽ˡһ֮ŴȡҪһʢ»Σ
ջʤߣѡһƷѡ񣬲һ֮ԼʱƣûнʱҲ߶ȥﶼԡҪһҲһǾǿԵõĽĸĽȻΪյԽ̵
ЩʤߵĽЩСѣԸƴ˷ȥȻԳɾһǿߣ츳ҲǲȱٵġϾ˼ʮ죬ֵ£ҲԹ˭
ҲΪԭ򣬲ŵõʢʸȺˣԽѱʢˣ̳ڵĲ֮磬ǱǴġ
ѩѱʢ䣬겻ͬᾫ֣ͬĵһĻ


ڶʮ ǿѩѱ
ҫ磡ٴ磡ѩѱĴأҲ̫˰ɣõĶŶˡ
һֵģ絽û𡱵ı飬ԴתһߡҫЦ˵ǸѾͷոָҴһܣˡ
ԴСֹǸܿһ򣬶ӷˣ͵ɣ
Ȼסҫĸ첲רΪ׼Ŀ̨ȥҫһ죬ʲô
һС·ϣٻһνı飬ɰҫ͸оеâڱˣЩĽʺ޵Ŀ⣬ҫԼλ£ַߺ޵Ŀûʧ
ЩĿԴͷһеӣǵĿԻһеĻôʱİҫѾǧˡ
˵ǾٶĵȼЩеĶʼ֮˶źѩѱʥŮȻڸһûʲôͷĳСңȻʥŮ֣£ۣ˭ȥ⽴~~~~~~~~
ʲôˣɱ֮ôɣҫ˿ܳӵĿ⣬̾Ϣ
߰ҫǸеε飬һЦ˵ҫ磬ǣһ£̨ǰǴƽ̨ô
ҫ˵ͷ˵һľŸˣѩѱľŴֵˣ⵱Ҫע⡣ڴҵλӵĺ£ɽұߵǸ̾£
ҫʵôˣ
ɽΪ£λȨأҪڱɼ壬ҪĵͷȨһԴ𡣾ΪմȨϼһŰĺܣ˴̾Ĵϣе⣬κ˷Уɽ令̣ǶǸӣĲУԼǱ˶ǲݡĶӣǺҫ磬ҪСŶҸҿ϶һ鷳ģ
ĭɵ˵ţҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷ֪϶ԼѾҰϣӦƲʲôˡΨʣǸˣ֪һر𻤶̵ϵôһսġ
ɤӣһڲˮ˵ҪһѩѱͷŹˣһţײΪ˽Цһ겻ıƹѩѱڲ̷һְԼһЩֻ֮Ҫ˷ͱҪܵͷκ˶ûɽ
ҫ˫ĿһУһ۵ƺо˰ҫĿ⣬̧ͷһ˫ϸ˫ĿѪĹâȻһЦĵ˵ͷ֮ƿĹ㳡
ҫһصɱ¾֮
һĻ΢΢һҫһֵĵɫ˵ҫ磬СŶһôЦֻֽһ֣Ǻõģ˼ֻҪ㲻ôȽƣ˺٣˵Ĵ֮⣬û˻ڶ֣㽫ΪὫ㲦ƤǣĲƤŶһֻԴַ˲Ż
ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷʵѾͷһأ
֪뷨׽ŴʵǿӽĴˡĺ˵Ѿ˷ָĵز˵иֶӣֶ֮͵¥鱾Ҫ뱱ץ˻ʩչҹĿ̣ȫ顣ǴóǼŰ֮أջ֮׿Ц˵һ佫ٴİˣ׶һأԺײϵţµľĴ̾ȥ˲ҲҪѲƤ
ҫݺݵĴһԼɵ󵨣ովȻ޼ɵĸɱӣϣԷҪԼɣǵһҲҪ
ʱһֱĬĹ̾Ϣ治ǶɣŴֵ˾ְңӦԼεƿԼУһҪĻǶԼƹܵĵžԵĿȨѩѱܶԱ꣬ûеġ
ҫ˵ͷȴҡҡͷ˵Ŵ£λȨ֮ôȨǣͲ췴ô
ǲңŵĻص
Ϊʲôҫǲ⣬Ϊʲôôġ
ǲң˵ʮǰѩѱȷһ䣬ⳡǰĴ֮һ෭ǰξŴеˣֱӱҵһʣµ£ȫϣ˴̾Ǵ̾ڲҽҹ
ҫ΢΢һΪʲôôŵ˵ǲˣƲ˰ҫһۣ˵ҫҪףھԵʵǰκλжԵúܿЦǾ͸Цˣֱɱ˴ͷˣʣµ˻䣬ǾҪúÿһ£˭ôȥͷˡ
ҫ˵ͷٵĻνһѪԼҲǳͬǿʳĽУʵƾѩѱֻҪ⼸ĹڣҪѱ䣬ǾҪúõˡ
ʵһеĸҫݺݵȭͷһɿȵĻȼաǿҫûгͷԣΪԼصıǿ֮·ҪľǺ
һҫû̫ʵԵͻƣͣ壬ֻһ˿֮
ҫû̫żڵľȻ˱͵״̬Ҳ޿ĵزֻҪһܽһ㣬ﵽʱôͿеǿ֮ʽ
ҫ˶ĿһʵѾͷھŴ֮ϵĸˣѩѱĴ˰ɣ
˵ͷûҫ磬㿴ŵǸֽһ꣬׵İܣҲҵľ˾ˣī¡ԭҹī޸֮󣬾͸Ľˡһ޸֮һϵǱֽϣңȣϟo˪ǧ򻯣һʵڵ
ֱߵλϹٻǱϹټҵļһʦİֻһֿݣǾǿ죬ٶȼֱͲΪ֮
ҫ΢΢㵣ʵѾͷ㻹죿
һЦصǰ죬̹У̾Ͳ˵ˣֻôݣֻʵɣ
ҫһɹһְҫᣬٶ˵ڰԼôǱɡ
ɼʹİţȻҲֻԷɹôϹٻİʵզࡣ
Ϲٻߵδ󺺣ףΪ˳Ĭԣ̸ڽǴһţħȭסǻХȭڴȭ֮ϣֻҪһ֣ԼĻػһֱΪ֮˽ʱ֮֮ضãս֮һ㣬ħȭĳƺžֵѪģ
ɫţҫţĴϵǰʲôƲ磬ôһͷҲԲʲôѰɫ
ɤӣ˵һλߣûֻ֣֪˶һѩܹܣ̳ڴССе˶ѩѱԪϣǫѷ񣬶ΪѩѱԼһĹûаԹԡʵҲͬɲ⣬ֻҪ֪ѩܹṦֻڵ֮£⣬û˱죡
Ĵϣѩܹ֮⣬ûʲôΣ˵ʲôԹܣҲʲôԲܡֻһְǾǱ̳ѩѱ̳ǡ
ҫһɫĽܣҫѩѱһ˽⣬Ǿǿǿ󡣵ڷֹȷŴĴʵɲ⣬ָ˾ְһ˲żüã˲źòģһеһУ벻ǿ󶼲ܡ
ҫֻҪѩѱ״ֻҪʲôıʣ֣ôԶε˵С
ʱ̨֮ϣһ겻ϵĵ̨ЩɫȻ̧ͷͦأ֮г˷ܵɫ
32̨֮󡣰ҫ֪ѩѱһһȵʢ䣬ĻôҪֳһĻˡ


ڶʮ µ̭ģʽֲСħŮ
ĸΧܹ42λĸʾ£ǰһ񣬽γѡΡ
ȥ˲ٰīһֽȣ΢Ц
Ҳȥ˭εĳԿ˹٣ִΪ˽֪أִյĺãЩʵõĵӣ֪ѶˡĳЩˣȫ飬ŪŪкüǶֻǺӰϹٻص޵Ʋһۡ
ϹٳϣҵʲôǣĸֱʾֻǷ¶ѡͷҲصص
Ϲٻüͷһ壬Ҫǳ⣬ī¸æԲϹٳϢŭʲôӣҲȻǶǺӣҲгһ졣¼ʹǷѣҲͬΪǺã뽭˾УԷɾͲǰֻ˲жˣǿҪѽ͵ǰЩԤҲе׼
īµĻϹٻҲò޵жѪȣټһԵҲӿڵй޹Ϲٻֻһ
Ҳͬµ⼸ЩСʵڱQеˣ³ֽѵһ£ȻٺòϾ֣Ҳѵһ£𲻵ðϵѩܹܶվһߣϹٻ͸ûʲôˣֻҲû˵Ĳ԰ֻǳҲ̫
ī΢ЦſϹٻһۣгϧֺȻĽԷУ߲ûзֻǶݺݵĹһۣ˵Сӣңȥÿ
˱£ֻīµԸףټϾУΪ㣬ûٰϹٻİӡȻϹٻǻӣҪľһ棬ϹٻΪһļô֪ܲ
粻ɳѩܹܣˣ˵
ѧܹ΢΢һЦƼҪšһˣ漴ͷ˵ͷͻȻ˸оܹ죬̨ϵ𣬺ҲΣ͵͵ʹ˸ɫ
˻һĸ̨ûȫ廬ΣǸ߸ϵѩѱĸӺ˯
ȫѻȸ˶ܲĿһĻЩǰҲһֲֵģǰλ߸ϵĸɹ¡
һЩҹԴųЦɾʢĵڶ죬Щһ֮ڣȫҷǰ֮ôʹλĸɳٳ£Ϊ
˯ˣǻõˣһʢУΪһ̫ѿȻֱӳֽУڶոšŵ֪аǱڱԵס
ī΢΢ҡͷԼѵĹԵˣôַܵһ
ֱӴĽȻĶУͻȻһſ˯ʵ˫ۣ˲ߵĿˮ˵ôô죬Ҳ˯һѰǲˣǶôҸл
˺գԶһضȥûߵİҫ٣ۿǡźүϱôˣͲܸһ𣡡үƺû
ĸʢŸոտʼĸʾ£̭򡣡ʼձ֮ǰǸƣͷ̧߼֣ԼЦ֮СλĸһΪ֮ǰƵ¡
ĽȻһˣϲ˸ӣ־ԾĸɳһЩӵ£ߵЦӣͻ̱ŭӶû
ŶȣǸΧжˣ
˯ŵʱ仹ͦ磬һʼܹȥˣصܹ42ˡ
Ŷջɣôĵڶ̭ʽΪȺŹվ̨ϵ8ˣֱӽһһĶԾˣʼɣ
ĽȻνĲݣ̨ϵ32ӣȫɵˣоåȺܵķʽȻҪϵʢǶǲԼˡ
ǰɣӣĸǲѰ·Ĳ̭ʽܱĸӣ׵ôģ
ڰҫĽȻĻ֮ʣָǾȲѵ˵ĶСС糺죬ΪԼʵУȻԼ⣬лǸоܱŤ
ָд磬֪ˣ⡣ʵǣǿʱŶ֮սҲҪġһɢɳôܱȵһģͬЭأа˳ɵĿԣǻֳɺüŶӣһЩԽĶָϳ̨ߴ󲿷˼ϣǿļȸ̭ص
Ļ˵̨꣬ϳֵĻ˿ӡ֤ķʱһ˵СŶɣ˴ŭĿӣûӵľֻʣˡ
ָеɵˣǾ棬а룺濴ѾͷԴͦʹ
ҫԴʵʵָУԼרλãôˡ
ѽǱһ˼ûУڡָ΢Ц
̨ϵĶѾվΣֱǺ硢ءһȥֻʮһ곤ǳɰСŮ
ǰ˱ҫΪӵѩѱһǰ׵ʵ϶ᱻص󡣿һȥδѵСŮȻҲܵһ̬ȣеԽˡ
ССΣཱུСһ޺ģҫеΪǲ׽ֵġ̨ϵ˿񶼺ǽ䱸ˣСŮ϶ʲô֮
ҫ磬ɲҪССŮŶ΢΢8ʱѾԾǧʯ12꣬ףųһӣųϵ洫ǻХȭľ߻򣬼Ѿųϵɹһβμʢ䣬ųϾȻ÷̨ͦģųϼһӤųϸ缺Ĳˡ
ҫֱӽвˮ˳е㱻ˣ⿴Ʒ۵СŮȻ˹ֲ8ǧʯС˵ǧˣʮﶼδؾٵ
һǣ׵ĵӣûȭѰŮӦð޷֮ʽȡʤɣðҫ۽硣
ʱ̨ϵӣʼཻ棬һʱ䵶⽣ӰӰ·׷ɣò֡еĶ鼸ʶıܿˣʼոǱһľ룬γһ
볣ؽǱĿ˿͵ϮϾʵ͵ϮҲҪ˸ȥôС΢΢ŭ⣬Ǻ˵Сŵüͷ΢С죬ȴԵÿɰ
ˣ΢΢òȰʦӦ棬ȴ棬̫ɶˣǶǻˣ
΢΢ĽȵСѾһ棬˶һֻ뷢ϻкܳһ·ĽСһڵһװ̨ϵȺ֮С
һĻֻûȺݣ΢΢ȭʵǿֲ쳣ֱһȭɣһŽ߸˵ĶɢǿֲľЩƽеһ޵
̨ϳһĻϷԵĻ棬һ걻΢΢ɣܽһȭһţǿֲľ΢΢ǰЩǣĲز˶٣һߴһţһ㶼棡
΢΢ŰЩ꣬ҫͭ򣬲Ծһĭа룺üһǿ۽ˣ


ڶʮ ý
ǲĹ̨ϳ΢΢뺫⣬ʣЦͣꡣ
㿴ңҿ㣬ͬ˵ԼҪȨһ΢Ц̨
ҫ˵ͷλľٶȷģ֪ΪΪ֮޲ɼȻ֪ԼǶ֣ôӦı󶯣һζӲֻçѡԺĳɾͣӦòȺͶ٣
ӴѵãԭҲ˵ôȷжϰһΪ仰Ŀأٵڿҫ֮ɫֹͣţҲûôòã
˱°ţһһսֱΪԳأ΢΢֮ǰһսֻǿθˣ˲Ÿոնϡ
ִµһ£΢΢ͬʱһ̤ű˴˳ȥ˵Ĺϣ΢΢һÿһȭľ֮أƿޱȡ
ǽСǰȥȭȴһװƷʵڳ˲ޱȣΪǳĴϻɳһ߲ĳߵŮϣһֺܹĸоˡ
ڸոУԼ֮Ӵֱ۹û־ʹһ亹ϵ֪΢΢̸֮ıԣȡζṦʩչ£ͣƶʱʱĽ͵Ϯ΢΢ŭѡ
磬ƤôͲܸ΢΢ĴһôȥģǺú΢΢ǿŭı飬Եúܿɰ
Ļ˲ǰ͵ЦôǿҲǸӡμʢԭֻǾú棬ǳǷʤƷΪĿꡣ
ǲĵҧҧԷľʵֲ̫ˣӲӵĻԼ½Ӳȭͻᵼ¹ϵ˺Ρһ취ҲѡԸ񲻷ζڻһСŮ䣬ĸеܲˡ
ܲ˹ܲˣֻôȥòͣƶĶԷϾԷֻСϸŲСĲ࣬ټƿԽԷƲλᶳ˵ԣǸ΢΢ѽѷ֣һʱս쳣š
ѽ׿СѾͷ˲ٵĹ򰡣СѾͷһб˰ɣīһϲı飬գգۡ
ţһǰ΢΢ѾԾʯˣȻеѣܽ𣡡
׺ѵõһЦгԵõɫҲ̸ֻ΢΢ʱŻֻ΢Цһ棬ĺϲӵйСŮ
ʯŮ޿츳ͨӦҪúõ˷˰Ѫܹ˵
׵˵ͷصѾĸʾˣĸҲԸӣ˵˵ڳ㣬ǳ֮ĸԶָ㡣
һ䣬˽ǵͷϲѩѱĽݷ򸾶츳˲ţǲĽ࣬νн࣬ûиߵֻ֣֮Ҫ츳Ͽ̿ôͻõȽࡣһҲĽݷ򸾣ĵһŵ㡣
ؿ̨֮ϣ΢΢ˮĴת漴ааһЦֻץסһʱͣ٣һǹĹĵӣСͨ죬ȸ߸̧þ̵һ̤
䣡
һ죬ֱʮɵľ޴̨Ȼһţ̤ĲѣҲôһĴͻȻһ飬˲ͣΡ
΢΢˲䱩翪̼ǰ˳ƾһȭݺݺȭͷĦʱһɼǿֲǫ̃̄ԶıͶܸоĵһȭľʵڲСӡ
һѪеŷһ֮һ˺ѷεľʹʶԼعǹˡ
ȻԼѾˣҪһùͷûв࣬ԼӦѾһغˡǰ΢΢һóѵСһаȼǿʹסԷһƺݺݵĻ΢΢ϣһɣߵķһ㱻ˡ
ɵ΢΢Сһڵ³ʹ߳ɵжʣµˡ
ֻǣķҲԣ΢΢һգһշ֮һٴγ硣һأĤʹԴ΢΢еѣΡ
ХȭХɽ֣ѾͷȭԽԽӦˡϹٻ΢Ц˵
ףʢ֮ȥȡһöڹǵ΢΢кôа߷ҩһ֮ڲҪ˽֣ĽȻ˵
˫ĿһɣɫԾҪĽȻߵףϥ֮ȴһ޵סС
ˣô˿أͦϲСѾͷģҪúôĽȻ΢Ц
֮͸¶һ־ηмɫȭ˵ĸĶ飬׸м㣬ĸкηԸǣ
ĽȻ΢Цŵ˵ͷʾ¡ĳӿжλ߸ϵĸԽм
̨΢΢һŭ֮󣬽Сһ㱩ȭӰǵذȭͷȫһ飬֮һȭֱӽɳ̨
һζѪصײڵϣֻ֮Զ漴ȥǻ²ȭ۵磬˽֮󣬹Ҫڴɸʮˡ
΢΢ӣȥǵѪ˵磬治һ㶼档
ûлȥҲҪ΢΢仰裬ʵ΢΢Ĺģʽҫеƣǧ仯ֱ֮۴綼ӮǿĽĺôڳ־սʱһĸϻָٶʱȻҪܡ
΢΢ʤ
һֵضսˣ˶ǽϵĸ֣һϳ۳Լı潣صĽԼߣĽ֮߳
治򵥣Ѱ潣ֱǼޣȻͻƵ߳ߣ츳ҲƵһĵһˡָ΢Ц
ڽҫǸ⺺һȫȭϣ˵ҫһۺ壬΢΢ǿֲĹмڹ⵼սҪȾĵȼϸ߳ܶࡣ
ҶԽǺ˽⣬߳ߵĽ᲻е̫ˣʹӦûְܰɣҫȻͨһЩʶ֪ġһ㽣ĳһΪѣ߷ýʧȥɿٵԣڳʱᵼʽõĲС
ţͨĽ˵ǻɱ潣ڴŶҫ磬潣ԽԽ߳߿ȥƺֻһߵĲ࣬ʵѾûˡͬʱܴﵽ֮߳Ҳ֤˺ڹΪʵѾﵽһЩִ³̶ȡټϣһı潣辶Լصķ񡣳ӦûӮĿܡ
˫ӣ͵ҫҲһ̵ܽĵ˵ͷ
˵̨ϵĺ죬·ȴ죬ƻ棬仯зɻһ㣬׽潣ںʩչ·Ȼһ£мܵΪ
˵Ľ߷񣬸տʼһֿ콣ǿռϷ硣Ƭ̣ǹĽóسԽͷ
Ǵӽڹ棬ѹһͷ󣬳ֻ䣬û취ȻʩչӮˣԷӲƴĻԵе޲ɼˡ
ýȻ鴫
ں΢΢ͬʱ̨֮ʣѩѱһһȵʢ䣬㵽ؼһս˭ժÿףǾҪƾ¡
΢΢ǿֲĹõĽ˴ӱʵƺ¡ɾ˶ΪҪһս֮ʱһĻˡ
΢΢ԼСӣỨ֣漴ֱڵϴ޴֣µ΢΢ˣ΢΢ҪԷ~~~~~~~~
˶ɵˣ˵˼еת䣬ʲô˵һĽôҪˡ
̨شֿ֣ҪԶ΢΢㷴ӦС׺ޱȵ̭磬ϾֻǸӰ
ѩѱΪİʿడҫмΪ׵
΢΢ױߣڳıԵȻζʤ֮䣬΢΢ͻȻã¹˭ֻΪ֪ء֮ǰı΢΢٣ҪɶڣͲʵ
̨ϵĽȻ˰ֳ֣ʱѻȸ漴˵㰡ôҾͲظˣԼҲ֪ʢ䵽Ϊֹɣ
ĸԵȣһ󣬻ĸӦʣȭ˵ԭϯıͣһԭλ
ĸ׺ɽҲͬǲԵĿԼĶӣڳ˵߶ۼںϣ뿴СӺ«ﵽʲôҩ
˵ɣĽȻޱ˵
ĸ˵ʢ֮ˣɶڳ˰ڷһս԰ɣѯʵ
ĽȻĿһ˵ͷصûҪͬ⣡
һת˫һֱƣϵİҫɭһЦ˵ţҫ̨书׿Ҫֽһ֪ҫֿɸһս
ҫ˷ۣ˫ĿһɨĴ΢ЦͷŴͷ⣬ĽȻһϷı顣Լˣȫһ²ؼı飬ָеıĽȻһֻգգһ˫۾΢ЦſԼ
кβңҫ


ʮ һƵ˫
ҫǺˣƺûҶӣӦмֶΡ
̨֮ϣɽ˿裬ЦУԼĶѩѱһоĴڣܱսԷҲӦмʵ㹻߿һۡ
ӮԼĶžԵģа룺СӣܱȻսϵʵӦûм֣ʲôطǵˡһ᳿ˣһɣ˼ұϾǿѽ
Ӧǽеĺ֮㣬˵ɽʱʮ֮ڰܳأղ˼ı潣ҿʵӦòǱӣ˪Ļص
ŶСӾȻôǿʵ˲òడŮ·ϼ
˵ʥŮµѣģôʵӦò̫ѩŮ²塣
֮ˣʥŮһֱ⣬ղŻع̳δؾ͸ſ˵ҲǽأοܶˣȴûϢ˵أѪδЦ
䣡
ڤڤ֮У·Ϊ˴δһƵãһǿҵıըǹ̨ϵİҫֱӴɸߵĿ̨ϣͺһڵһ㣬ݺݵ׹̨֮ϣ˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
ҫ׵ƻһĦһžһ𣬰ҫᱩĵǳʽ˵Ŀ⡣
£㿴أƾƾ֪Сӣ·˼ףƺ˴Ҫսˣ񿪿ڳЦ
ͬµĿӾոյĽ֤ӵĽƲ΢΢١ǳʽȻҰżֱڵ汬γɷܴİ취ӣѧǻϼѣޣ츳ߵզࡣԻΪһ󾢵С
âκ˫԰ҫ۸ڳһκ˫Ҳǵŵκ壬ͬҲǰҫɽʱߵǸˡ԰ҫ˽⣬ҪԶʤˡ
κˣڱܳΪȮӾеĹҲѰҫϷôκ˵˰츳˵յ̳ͻƵʥ֮ˣ츳ҲһµʱҲʥǰڰˣȮӿѾʥ˰츳ϿҫҪŬа
ɽκ˫ۺǸðϲʲôſѹԼӵͷϣǳԺݺݵķ̡
£֪ˣǸѩѱڱ֮鱨ռһ˵ģҫҲܶ˵ֻҪ֪ҫ쾭ͨѧڹķȴ˾硣ǰֻһֻһ˽ֵˣҲֻгڰˣ
һԼǧˣŴ¼˶һ£κ˫˵ģôǰİҫ츳ǱҪˡͻ׶ΣĳЩһӶͻƲ˵ľ磬ǰ·û谭һ㣬ͻơ
ͺ˼̨ϺҫʱûʲôľٶֻһЩѰʽг̽˱ֵĶ侲
ߵĸ̨ϣԵñ̨ϵĶ˻Ҫ֣Ŵ¾Ϊҫ뺫ıԣһ˼ҵĿ֮ս
ְ֧ҫ£ֺ֧£롣˫һһĻţտʼʱ˶һΪŴɵĹǵ磬̸ֹǺġ
ǣ󣬾ŴµԴѾ쳣ļָֻŵĶüŪ۵ı飬ҧңͲų̂ŹˣȥҫʱôˣȸЩóذɡ
ҫӦ֪Ϊֻɣ
֪ҿۣԭΪǲһڲŷҲǺòȥһģ
ģɣҫҸսҵʸ񣬲ҲʸңƵ˫ϣҪʧ
ýѩѱһĵһţҲûŵȥ
Ӷ̶̵֮ļ仰Ϳųǻҩζ治һأݵĽ̸ʹ˽е߳߱泤һĨĻӰҫȥ
ӰȴҫһӾ봥ϴǾǽָ֮ȥûһ׼ȷĿ꣬ȴֽеҪԼ֪ȥأһְҫ˲ơ
ҫһбý溮¶
üһȫ޴ɷƽȴһǳɣҲȡʲôķ˲ıƣˣһĵһţȻǿģ
ҫת֪ĵһˣԼѾȫռȻԼӲֻĹеʱУʱԼֲԼأȴֲ֪·㣬ȫ֪غδԾֻʣһˡ
ڽҫֻ־ʱҫһ벻ĶԭΪҫˣʱԼ̱нΧˡû뵽ǰİҫȻ˷ֱײ潣
ڱ潣뼡һ̣ҫֻƵݺݵĽϣͬʱ˫һӣȵĵǵصֱ庫ȥ
˫ͣ
һڳǰıͣûһʡ͵ĵƣ۹ⶾ֮ԭҫʧȻ˶ǿġɽֻǧһ֮ʣҫֱŤתƣչķҲʼδġ
ãҫȷٳӦޱȣԭΪںԺĽһƴ裬û뵽ֻ̼㽫仯⣬ī˫ĿŹ⣬һ㣬ĶŰҫš
īµĵãλϵһϿɣǵͷѡ
ʱ΢΢һҲҫķӦ壬ԼСһѡҲֻάһ붼ҲһΪ˵ľٶֱֳ潣һɣȻջء
ǵĺ˪֮͸ƣ潣ûأͣڰУźջأ潣Ҳһǿ͵أ»صС
һߣϿһڽأ漴תӿâ㽻ҫչҵĽ档
̨֮ϱݺύ˫ĵ֮һܾȥ̨ԵۿǣһĺüΪѡ
սģ΢΢һһ˱üΪãͺһ㣬ûһƬӰΧŰҫ·׷ɡ
ҫƣԴԼܣʮϢԼͺЩӰÿһʵģʮΧԼ
ýأ
һֻʮӰȻͬʱ̽ΧҫһڳĹۿ˴㵲ѡ
ӰıãֻһٶȼʱɵĻӰѣʵֻ̬һӰѣɺȻܻΪ棬ʮӰʵġ
ҫĿһӭתǿҵĻ𾢣γһԲεϣӰ֮⣬һлͰصܲ͸硣
Ż˵ĳ䣬ӰʧҫֹסΣһȻһĵ棬񱩵Ļͬһ㣬԰ҫΪɢн̨ûơ
ƣػԭ
ǿ񱩵ĻˣƳҲûʧǣԵ쳣򶨡ֻһһ̤棬˱ֱĳˣеı潣һǰ֮ƣ˻
Ǳڿ񱩵ĻˣͬһŲƥһ㣬еı潣̼佣ֱָҫȥ
ýѪ
ҫżһ㣬ٿһת򺫳ıȥֻǣҪ֮ʣǰͻȻһΪѤĻ档
ջһʢĽâŰҫȥǲǵصĽâͬһֻſѪڵޣҪҫɡ
ýκˣ
еİҫϴһĨЦԼȻڰûеطԽжܣȻˣǾͷһ磬Ӳƴ
ҫתӿĻ𾢣˵ǣƵݺȵĵ·Ҫǰһзٻ٣âԷ֮ƣĽâ

䣡
һо춯صĶ̨֮ϵâ䣬񱩵̨ͬһܾȥڳִ·׷׳̨Щâ£ˡ
ʧԺ̨ϰҫ뺫˿ڡϢ΢ңԿʼü١۰ҫһеģЦеĿź


ʮһ ý˫ԽԽ˳
һﶼûôǿս˶δߵ򡣶ϵ˿ںǳѪ֮Ӳ潣ݣ֮ǿƲ΢΢Ѿͷ
һҫΪأ΢㵡һ֣Ʋ£ʵԼûռ̫ơ
ý빦򲻳Ȱҫָ˴ӣЦ
üͷһ壬ǿƹž޲ı飬ʵŭգΪѩѱһĵһ콾ǿ֪񱻰ҫ٩˵ܴ衣
ҫڲ񲻾̫ôĻص֮һĨ
ҫÿɷҡҡͷЦʱˣ֪ļҸʱ
һҧߺ޵ΪĿۣ
Ȳ˵˵ԣʱܵǰıը˹еĻΧźճİҫ̨ѩѱĿ̨֮ϣŴ¸ը˹
аҫСӿ治򵥣Ȼܸѩѱĵһ콾ƽ֣֮󣡡Ů·ϼ
ƽ֣´ԲӣϢѾˣҫϢƽ糣Ļ̶ҫҪ߳һߡֻʱİҫȴедˣȻʤ׷Ⱥ治֪ôģâκ˫ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ΪҫѾʤȯգʤһҲҪոǾ仰ˣʵǿΪ֮ԺĸԸ񣬿϶ᱻŭ˽ʱһʧ侲һңʵػܵӰ졣˪۹ⲻνһ۱㽫ҫ⿴ͨ͸
ߣѣҫʤ֮䣡Ѫδһ԰ҫĿԵдҲΪֺúɽ
̨֮ϣ֮Уûʲôʤ֮֮ĻֻӮѡ¾Ȼ˵ĻδеЦˡƲδһۣЦƺгԹֻҪһ˿ڣһ˱Ὺڷ̡
ǻСڵſ԰ҫ֣㹻ΪһɵĳϣɳΪһ֮ˣѩŮ²΢Ц
ҶҫıԻδȱԿ̸ʤ᲻е̫ϷˡûҫʵȷϷĿ࿴ǣֻƾЩֶξ뽫ҶܣҲһ㣡
ɽЦԼӵģ˵ѾﵽäĿĵزοɽ֪оûأ̸Ӯȷ֮硣
ֻɽԼǻȵģһ仰統ͷһˮݺݵĽ
ʡԡٳӦ䣬ϵȣܱѩѱãֻԼպػΪһ֧
λ½һԴʶ˵ߵˡʲôǱĿ˵Ըȫмڶκ˽ۣҲûжſķۡȻĵĶ԰ҫۣ֮ߣǰδģƺ԰ҫĵһӡΪ
ɽΪȻƲƲ죬ǰʹҲûǸӹȻа壬˭֪ܲУֻҪԼĿ꣬˲ɱ
ôѾһˣָĲ˰ɣҫ˫ۻЦ
˫Ŀһָ߸߾ָ쿪ͻȻΪڿУͻȻһֱ쳣ĺ˪֮
źһһţܵĺ˪֮ȫۣһգһȫµ߳߱泤͡
Сӣ־ˣȻѾﵽĵزСӿΪŰϹٻȻһЦ˵
С޵츳ôһ㣬νӦǲ򲻾ãȻҪôõʱһѽ۰ѩܹܵͷЦƺԺû̫֮⡣
ѩܹܣǶռ仹ܴ󣬲ǣûʲôĻԵ´ҪֹڴˡԣҪô̱īҡֽȣ˵
ѩܹ΢Цҡͷ˽ƶ̨֮ϣµľŴ£Ǳ죬һأֻкɽ˴ŵЦݣȫһʤߵ̬
ʱ̨Ͽ˵Ƿ·תں۳һ߳߱һ˲䣬̨˲˺üȡ
ʮ֮ڵ¶ڲϵ½˫ĺ˵ڲϵɭɱƣ˲
ͻȻӰģһƬҫǰһ˲΢ʣȻֻһ˲գ۵ʱ䶼ɵҫʱֵı潣Ѿǰ
ÿ죡ٶȱȸոտһҫԴһƫһȭ˳ƺ򺫳Ӵȥֳַֽһܣһеı潣˳ƻҫĺ󾱡
ҫ̽һץץסݺݵĺ򺫳߹ǣֻһûκЧΪʱĺĲֹķӦƺҲҪҫһߡ
ҫոջͱϵĽĩأֻЦһһ潣һת𿪰ҫƣ漴һŤҽб󽣷ֺҫżһ˳׿⣬֮ϣʺ졣
ҫ˿ڣֶֻѣû˵ǣ˵ĲֻǺͻȻٶȣ񾭷Ӧ뾢⵹ҫ΢еԾ
ǰĺ˫ͫɫƤ͸࣬е˪żϸ΢ĲԶҫüͷһƣȻ
ҫ˫һӲڣʲôҪô
ҫ˿ûаѺвһ£һЦʵװʹװݵԼĹټ˫Ҫ֮ǰһࡣ״̬άֶãһǲ衢һ㡢һʱҪҪҰһ°
һάֶãõ㹻Ƥǣ
ҫһЦǾ԰ɣ
һ䣬ҫڵľת̼Աǣֻһ̤棬һͬһĻֱ庫ȥ
Ҳɢŵĺ˪֮һ˫ͫױޱȣһƮ˵αüΪ翣׽
̨֮ϵݺᣬӰɣѽѷ֣ҫƵӿգ˫Ѹ
ӱϿҫռţĽʮ֮࣬Ȼ˵Ĳ˵̬Ե΢ˡ˶ܿĳʤƽŰҫбӺԽԽٵĺͿԸоĳ
ҫʽʱƷʱɱҲãʽ֮תͬˮһ㣬һʹ֮ԺԽʼѹ֮ơ
Ǹ߸ϵĽȻĿһԭˣһﲻǲûҪľʱǱ΢΢ҪֲĽʹȭצһߴһ߻ָܶʼѭͣѧ츳֮ߣ̳ڵһһܼԽԽ˳ۣŮ۹Ȼҵķ緶ſҲϣĽȻŮ磬˵أ
һΪĽȻĶУĽȻȴһͬռľһ㣬ԵüΪ
ţĽŮƾ㱾£~~̫


ʮ ãѪ
̨֮ϣ֮ͣĲƽ֯ҫ뺫ѽѷ֣ӱϿҫνҵĺܣ¾ǽۣʮ֮ࡣ
Ȼ˿ںǳҪϺ١ҫŵЦݣԽԽۺȻƮЩѩѱеͽǿʼüɫ裬һӰȻһѩѱڵ콾ʵҪ߳Щ콾ǣ
Ȼ뷨ҪЩ̨ǰ֪ƻᱻЦϿҫȷе㲻纫Щȴһغܡ
ҫϢȣʮ㣬뾢ûм֣Ƹݱ˵״ֵ̬ļΪȶ
ۺϢѾıü٣𽥱ԽԽеĵĸо״̬ѾûǰǰǿʢҲû֮ǰô˸һ˥˸Уʩչĺ֢Կʼֳ
飡
ҫһȭ˺Ųһϣһ㣬Ѹޱȣ侢ƽӹȴȵĺս˫۵Ƶƴɽ֮ƣݺݵ򺫳üġ
ȵһҪüջ٣΢˫һ˫ⳬ󣬽ϣս˫۽оյĵ°ҫһƵ
ҫɭȻһЦµƵȻһ䣬ĳ£ȻһѹȵӿۣһСߣס˫ۣʹ˲ơ
ں֮ʣҫͬ޺ݺ˦һɼҵĵնں䣬߷ɳ֮Զ
ˣ䴫յľʹüѣҫȷʽһȫʽѧãһʱ˺һֲ
У÷o˪ǿĹԿҪʧսپҫǸֱһͷҰޣ·޾ҲûʹƵãѲ
һ壬밵ѹסҧгݵšǣһ޴Ĵ󣬸ֹݲð񣬷򡣡
ֻһ˲Ļ񣬰ҫһͣ˫һһӹһѪʹͷ֮ʣһѪɢʹϮ
ںΧһģĺӰƣӰͣĴӺӹÿβᱬһѪ˶ʼҡͷ̾ϢŰҫѹ
֮ıԣݲһ˿ķģһģһգ۵ʱ䶼ȴɻᱻץסһ˲
ҪСһ˲䣬ʵĶ̶̵һ˲䣬㻹ܸ϶Էɵ㱻һ˲֮ͺٸ϶ԷĶ빥ˣڷӦʼջԷһ˿ǶԷݻͣ¹ƣֻܱпҪͺʱ˿̵ĺ
~~~~~~
һдż˵ķŭ˫ĿѪһƬɫ˫ͫԵúޱȣֻ˸תһȦȦĽâһת֯ţƳ˰ҫ
ųĺҫĽŶԷǰƽڽǺ˪֮쳣Ѹͣ治ϵš
УͣסתΣ˫һչһ˫Ѫ˫ĿŰҫһŭȣ˱İҫ
ҫҵģ˪ѩ޳˫赣ңҫ
һ潣âͬˮкһ㣬£âκ˿ޱȣˣٲһкµĽâÿһ̺һǿҵķ溮֮â֯ǹɱ֮·Ҫ˵顣â֮У˫ҫ׹أȥ
ҪҵҲ·ͷҫ˫Ŀһһ󺮹ӿڵľѱ壬±ǿҵĻǣͬһ㣬
ֻżһᣬγͬʱһһ𾢻ŭޱȣһǰҫ˫ƽ٣˫ƻƽ漴Ȼһϣ˫ƺʮ֮ʣӿȵĻˣתۼ۳һȵ͵ɽ֮ͳǵصı潣â
׾һӣ죡
ʱڳ˶ĿһĻ۾Ҷգһ£ĶŰеĵ֮
٣ðҫӮ𣿡ָнעŰУʵ
ܣ
ô
ʵ㲻ţ
ָ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˵Ӯǿ϶ģֹҪӮһ˰
һԵӹ磬صָд磬ٴ磬һǻǲҪ֣ͺˡǱϾˣ˻ģ
ָٶһۣĬĬĵ˵ͷڰҫ뺫ıԣ˴ӸտʼûеĹ԰ҫϳǰҲûж˵ʲôĻΪǺҫʵȻѵֽţӮǿ϶ͷǵĵǣҫӮԺҪ顣
䣡
һľص֮У漴һžˤǳԴݿ֮ƣƱ潣أâϡ飬Ҳʼ𽥵ϡ
ҫ˫ĿĹԲ˿ӿ˲ÿޱȣһʱ֮Ŀ񱩵Ľâ飬Ǻ˫ҲͬƬҫҲͬȻɢ
ʤ
̨֮ϣŴ£ͬľȵɽ΢΢һЦŵ˵ǳӮˣ
аҫ뺫һͣ˫ԻΪƬɢ̨֮ϣһСƤҫһҲɢΣ˱˴Ŀԡ
ȻһЦɭȻҫ˷ӮֻңɣãѪҫһУãѪ
ʱѪӿɫԭ֮ɫıóɫϱ潣Ƭ˿ϣϵѪӿһգ۵ĹһɺѪıѪںУһѪĽâҫ
ҫ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷΪһ֣ѪƾŴԪ£ҪѰҫնɱڴˣʹɱ˰ҫҲҪݺݵĽܡ
ֻ͹˰ҫһ֣ҫѵͺ׼ôʱ˿̵İҫ˵ľһĽǾȴδ˿ļҲǰҫıǮǿĽ
ҫֱǰһ壬ѪɫâֱϽиâֻƤȴⶼû˵֡ǿĽâڰҫȴԵ鸡
Ѿ;ƿݵĵزȻΣʵҫſֲĽ֧֮ţս
ҫһסѪһͣɿĳĲȥŵúĵס
˫мѪһ죬ҫһֳɽָһ㱻ڱ˴֮ѪϣѪ֮ϳһ˿ϸ΢ơһ֮ȭһ䣬󣬿ѪϵƶȻһ漴ָſȻһƺ
飡
һ죬ڶ˽Ҫ֮ʱҫƽӹ棬ȴݺݵĽıѪĶϣͬʱһҲʵʵĺں֮ϡһѪαˣȰҫأ֮ǻײͣס֮һѪо벻ʵ鿴֮İҫ
ʵþİҫҪƿѪıѪһʱȫûа취ġֻҫɣһ棬ȫͬһΪ֮ȵȭƣΧʩչգ۵Ĺӣﲻơ
˷ˣʹ᫣ʤѷ֡
һƬԴǰԼǣû쳹أͻȻȴ֤˶԰ҫϿʶ
ҫеˣе㲻֪룬е㲻֪վŲǸʲôٶãŵˡСûĳܸоǱŸԼĿ϶ϿɣһһֱӵĿС
֮󣬰ҫ΢΢һЦΪĳепʱһжԵ΢ˣѾԱһڶϿɣ޳
ҫĳţ˷Ŀ̨һԵüΪǫѷмӣֳ֡
ͻȻһŭ
˶ҶϷղƤǣΪˣ
Զüͷһ壬ǵĵ顣


ʮ ů
ըŭڳ˶Ϊ֮һͻȻֹͣһ˲ֳѻȸԭ̨֮ϵĺɽԱѸײڶ֮֮ƣͳҫ
źɽһŭɶı飬ҫ˲ȻԼû˼ҵĶӴУ׵ҲڰҫɽҲеôˣд裬иʲôʹģôҧгݣԼѾɱ˺Ӿһ㡣
ʵϰҫأһѩѱ̳ɱǵһ콾Լƻǣ
һƣʵѾֻ֣һҲѾŻᱻˣҫЩȫ麫ع߹ǣֱܽһƻС
ԼӦûбɽ֣Ҳһ֮ɫĳԼˡ
ɽ˫Ŀ쳣ɱޱȣʥ۷۵ƣ̩ͬɽѹһ㽫ҫ֡
ҫ̧ͷеľƣʱڵľŽָңȻ˿ڲϣһĽڣǣҫǿֲӲһơ
ԴСϲҪϹĹצ
һ޳ӰȻںɽѸ͵һƣͺɽıƷ֮籩һ㣬Ҫɽѹ
ӮҪ˴٣ǿѩѱȻɳôҪ£Ͳ³ΪеЦô
һ޳壬ƣ˫۵ŭξ׷ӿޱȣһвͣɽȥ
ĻƿСƾҲңֱ޲ɼϷ
ɽһڣ׺ޱȣͷҲأһ˫ƷֱĶ˺ȥһ˫ƣ˵Ĺ͵ĶԺһ
䣡
ɽ͹˵ʵոն˵Ļ겻ҲδȫΪƾܴ򷢣˭֪ˣҲеˡ
ǹָУһı²Ȱҫ٣΢е߳һߣɽĺƣȻ˵ĹɢȻʧΡңҲ˺ɽһ裬֮ǰ԰ҫչĹƣҲһͬɢ
ͬʱأָվڰҫǰӽ䵲סת뺫ɽսһ
ɽȵĿ˿˫֣һ¹ָУЦüһӢ۳꣬ϷССһϷձѻ£ҫձҪܵϳͣ˭뱣
ϹƨͶְɣʱ䱦ûʱҷͣЦһȻ
£ΪǶѩѱƤָòƽ֮£¹ܶˣָһ£ͦأֺá
ɽ쳤Цɭı飬ѪȣãȻͷϷվðԴСҲҪҫСͽһһϰɣ
£һɷģĪΪѩѱ˲ɣ
һĽӰŮ·һ㣬ƮȻأվڹָǰ˽ҫʵʵĵ
ٴ磬ָд磬֮ǰ˵ˣҳôҲڼˣ
ʶͳˣո侲еˣڻȥܶģޱ飬̲˵ţ⻰е˼ˣʵϴҶףֻƤ˼¶ˡ
ӣӰҫΪѣѣָԹۣȫܵģΥ֮£ָпָԴǵ֮ɫ
ˣȻˣǾͺúýѵѵ϶Ҫ֣򣬴ҵģȻһЦĻȴʮ㣬ɽկͷһ㣬亹ͣ
ҫ΢ЦĿ˵ıӰֲ̧ȥ۽ǵۣҫоůޡ֮˶ĺܣѩ̿أж٣
ʲôֵܣֵˣ֪ɵУȴɺηվǰǿıڵΣѵʱԶἰʱĳԣ֪㲢һˣҲԶһˡ
ʥŮ£أҫһ˶ѣֵʥŮΪͷɽüͷ壬һ棬еΪˡ
ȻǰѩѱʥŮ֮ǺɽҲû̫һ¡
ߣҲĸǿӸԼŮĻѣȫãƽһֱ⣬ʹ;عεڣҲֻǻƿѣԻһЩСỹСϷ򾤾ҵҵڿҿҵΪѩѱµô꣬ѵȲϰ·ҵСѾͷƬӣЦˣֻҪϷĸȥĸҲͷҵġԣô졣
ɽһͷһ۱ߵĺ˿ǺѪҰף²ѣ쳣ɽеŭٳֱţԼôһӣڱ˴ҪģڶҪ£ȫûܡ
ȻʥŮ£ִˣϷʥŮ£ֽ̼У
ɽ۵ͭ壬ĵ˫ֳ֮˫ֱþӨ͸һһ㣬ĿޱȣǿҺһ㣬εİҫüѡ
ҫͬʱ̤ǰһ˽Լڵ㡣ҫŻָɣһսû½̫࣬Ͼǿֲɲʲô衣
ҫ𾢷ڣָ֫Ծƣоâһɫ⣬Ե쳣£˫֮ͫɫϵƮɢ˫Ȼ¡
һнٮٮߣƵҲɽ٣һʱ֮˫ŭĿӣ˴֮ڣҲַ֮ͥơ
̨֮ٴνţɽΧȺڵ֮ԱǣԴСȫݵıȣǸоǳĲܡҫ˵Ĳǵõҵһͣз׷׿˵ǹˡ
ִ£ҶʥŮ²Ǵ޶£űǴٲ֣Ǿ͸һش̾һ˰ɣ
ʱӰ׹ڰҫǰκ˫վڰҫǰǺĻɽԾĴһǰ߿ɲǰ㣬ֻͷûʵȨ
ǺˣؾһһֻۣҪ㷸ˣԼĸҶӣֻĽݷ򸾶˵һŲ
κ˫΢΢ͷƲһ۰ҫˣ޵Ц⣬˷дʯ˵ʵڵҲδؾ͵вɽʹѾֻ̤֮Ҳǳصģһ֣ʤδ֪
ֻﶼĶţʵǱΣܲöֵĻǲֵĺãԼ˵ڧֻ˿Цѡ
̨֮ʱµ£˺ɽһ˲׳˼֣еĵҲǿ˲١
ʱѩѱھŴµӪֲѾ൱ˣ뺫ɽ˸һӪγɶԿ֮ƣڿ̨ϵ£ӦӪ
ɽҪ˷ʱ䣬ҪôȥҪô͸һˣԼѡɣ
̨ϣҿϵĶñһͷѪж̷ֱںԣ޹ͺüĿɱ¾֮产ˡ˫һ˿еͫĶǰĺɽֻҪɽֻҪұĳ֣̳ãȻԷңǾɱ˰ɣ
ɶʲô񾭣Ȼô̻Сӣֻ޹УʲôҺɽɾĶˣǺã
ɽԥȻԼߵȣʵƣֵĺ̶ϣɾͲԵˡô˵ɣŴ֦ͬǰҲҶԺ̫֣ɱһڵˣĽݷ򸾶⣬˸ǣĴҲ⡣
ֹûУһĶ𣿶һ߶ȥ
̨ϣ̨ϣıȺ̨ߵĵͽִǣڳ˶ݺݵĴ˸
ĽȻŭˣ


ʮ Ĺ롰ԣ
˵֮ǰɽһŭһĻôĽȻĽȾͼҪ˵ĶĤ飬Ⲣ׵þòϢͻȻըľףԲһֱӱпܡ
ĽȻն˫ۻϵı˪ϲޱŭϤ˶֪һı飬ô֤Ѿŭˣ
ʱǿ̨ϵҲסˣܾûмλ߸ϵĸ㶯ŭˣͬʱ̨֮ϣŴȫƶλãһţһѵģ
̨ϵĴϣȴɲΪǱҲȥֻǱĽȻʾֹǣɸ߸߶
һſ֮󣬺ɽ侲ˣͬʱҲԼ֮ǰǰΪʵ޴ûɽǳĻ̣˭ҪǸ˵ӣȥ˴ҡ
ǣɽ̻ܻĹĽȻǰ߶ˣԼȥ˼ƴأȫǹ⣬Ůܰ裬ɱȫңţȮ
һִ̰ûϳǺͯȲֹײڶգִ±ȥ̾ս̣ķѣʹһСǣһ⡣
ɽ£һ亹ϵӿ
λЦˣѩѱһһȵʢʽĿױǺҪһЩ˽£λǰһرܣкܻ£
ĽȻȻƽܲŵһһէʱԵᣬʱˣԸΪŹ֡ڴϣǱȽģϾԼһ֮һ棬Ȼи뿪˼滰˵ĵˮ©
ڳǰıǽǵͷѣѩѱڲ£ǵȷöǣ׷ϯȥ׵ĺж٣Ҳ
Χĵ£˶ɢ˰ɣĽȻط֮ϣķԸ
ɾڹָҲҪ뿪֮ʣȴĽȻðҫɶĺͷԣʲôԼйصҪ
ȫ볡̨֮֮ϣʣ¾Ŵ£ҫΧ42ӣ˽ԹԵĵš
߸ϵĽȻĿһƲɽӺսҫҲͰˣʤ˱ҳ£´Ӯ˵ʵڵôҶˣͻ᲻£һʱܲҲ޿ɺǡأΪѩѱŴ֮һȻҲȺͿ£ӮҪ˴ЦѩѱһЩ䲻Ĳɣѩѱ涼㶪ˣ
һ䣬ɽһ֪ĸͷɽ֪ô֮ǰԼҲȷǹڳ嶯ˣ˿ʵֻܹԹ췣
ˣô꾤ҵҵΪ׶ܴ׵һʱƲסҲпԭգȥĸһ£ú÷˼˼ĽȻȵ
ߣϷΪѩѱЧô꣬ӹΰ׻ǲҹֵĳͽңҪİɽЦ湦Ҫ㣬һߵݹ˵ɽлĸ飡
ĽȻһƲĿ⿴ЩΧĵǣĽȵǣһ޷죬ΪԼѧ˵èĹ򣬾ͿӢΪǻĺܣ㽾԰ֱ֪ν֪죬Ƿ뽭ֻΪ˵ЦѩѱǧҵҪУ
һǿƣΧ֣ĽȻǱȰĵЩƽȻĵǡ

42ͬʱأͬ˵֪ĸ𷣣
ŵˣƱȵ亹ֱ䲻Ҳأİĸоѣ֪λѩѱƶ֮һŭˡ
ǵˣĽȻĻҫ֮ǰսѣΪ콾ΪţҲʶԼǾ֮ܣ죬ν콾ˮǴĲٴˡ
ԣ42Ӵ˷̬ǳġĽȻľޱ׳һذըӽһһȵʢ䣬Ϊ֮ıԣΪɴ̾˵һһԣֻнӹʮ֮ˣͨĴϵһ飬ſ뽭򣬾͸ҹԹԵĴ̳ȥۣ£ӽѹأס˽۴
ϥ42ӣһȣĸ֮
һʯǧˣڵֳ֮ʮϢĹ򣬴Ҫһ¡
ЩȻ˵ûʲôʵȨֻܹԹ͸˵ĽȻţǰƵ˼ߵĵλĴ֮£ϵʵȨȫʣµİλ֮ϡ
ͬλ£ҪԣȴֱӰѷ֮˻ȥ̨֮ϣԱ̹ǵԼĴĽȻ˵񺮹磬ͺ˵㷴Կ
ɽ˿ڿˮڱ֮£ֻ42ȥ֮ĽȻ׳һȸոմʮĳذը
ұҲ֪ݸҲһЩ֣ǰᡣоѩѱռǰȥһѡҫ٣ɷȥȡ˴
ҫˣֹ˶ˡҫüͷһЦٵͷ˼ƺڴĦĽȻ⡣ڰҫҪ֮ʱ˵ٶȱ졣
ĸ򲻿ɣɽæǰ
ĽȻһƲ
ʵֻǺɽ˶ĴϣʵĻͷĽȻ
ĸӦѩѱ֮ǰȥᣬôԼˡûҫʵȷĿãɸЩѾõϹǱɲС³ɹĻ᲻ɡʹã˵䲻ģ˭֪᲻ΪУ֮ززοҫֻһ˶ѣһȥѩѱȥ´ȥѩѱδ棬ֻΪѩѱڽ㣬ĸ˼
һѣسȻ֮У˶԰ҫӣǲɷϴӿ͹˵ɽ˵Ҳûë
ҫֻѩѱĿˣÿ˰Լȥ£ڽҲûйҲֻЩССʵŻˡ
ǣЩŴ˵ǺٻɳµģϾ鴫ȥԲʱҪ߹ȭҲҪЩʵ߾ǿߡ
ڰҫᣬûʲôͷʵףҲֻЩˣЩһǿȣϲ٣οȷǸˣ
ҫٱ˴˶һۣһЦҲ粵ΪոĽȻܵȲҪ˵һڸǽͣ
ǵǺףѩѱҲɳһͬǰȥˣĽȻ΢Ц
ĸ²֪ΪηҪǲǰȥ˵ʵڵģλѣҲÿñһúһԣĸջسɽĻصԼĶӴᡣ
ΪʲôҪˣ֪ǣ˷ҵô
ĸջس
Ŵͬʱصֻʣκ˫ûжȻҲʣǳϰû֮٣Ľٷ˵ʲôֻȥǡ
ĽȻƲһۣĴҲ΢΢ҡͷĽȻЦһֵ磬˵ɣ
ͬʱһ֮һƴ
ðҫٴѩѱǰȥǱ˼ңѻˣȥɣҪ~~~ô


ʮ ֮벻Ƿ
Ǹ߸ߵķ֮󣬿ռһƬռˮһ㣬ϵĶ֮һĿɫâ
âۣȴһ𺳸У˶ʶһԼ˫ۣ۵˲䣬һĹûС
̧ͷ֮ʱĽȻߣһͦΣüĿһֻ֮ƣ̨ϵˡ
²μ
ʱ̨ϵľ£Լ̨ϵĴϣ뻮һĵϥ¹򣬹ȵͫһʶ΢΢һ漴һֵĺǹ졣
Ľѩѱƶ֮ˣƿһ档ڱĽŶҪգգ۶Ҫ˵ıƿߣֻΨһû֮һ
ĻǶûôǣ˭Ҫԣ
ĽǱı飬ķѣ֮ǰQĺɽʱ˿һƨҷš
ҶĽȻֱԲ䣬ΪһŮȻǸ߸ϵĸҲֻʱѩѱ˰ˡ
ĽǰײĽȻǰ㣬ԣңңֳҲû˸ҡ
ĽմѪˣѩѱ֮ʱɱ˶ˣһǿȫϣѾٵˡ
ôش
Ľһȣĸ֮ɫһ޶֮ľѡֵǣưҫ˶ܸоƺǿң·ĽֻԾŴĴһ㡣
²ң
Ľһ棬ֱӽסޱȵ̸׵ƣ˰ҫˣаҫĸдҵġ
ҫ룺һ죬ҲĽݵǰ㣬һ֮˸ҷһŭ֮˽Ծ
ɽոƺԱľ顣ʲôʣ˵޷ˡ
ɽ͵һĭҧҧһ˿Ĳʣ΢΢̧ͷ֮ʣʵʵļâĽ񣬾ͺУںɽĲϣŵúߣæͷ˿
ȫû飬֮ǰһʱģŻĸ˵治֮𷣣
ɽѣոյǶĿ⣬оԼͬվڹŹ֮ǰһ㣬ͲһѣһԼ̬ȡ
̬Ľ⣬ǾһѰ̬⣬ֱһŵŹȥֱȥͶ̥ɣĽУһССķֵ¶ѣҲˣе˶棬ҶͲ㺫ɽ糬ء
ȻǶԣǴ¾ôˡҫٺڣ
ҫ
٣
μ
˹ıȭһͻȻɽһȣҲйݣ˼ֱ𱰣
ҫ˫ϥֻĸ£
жϥлƽ𣬹عĸ£
ҫټͬʱ˵ԼĻ˶˴һѵ¶һ˿ЦݣƲ˰ҫһۣҲǺЦŤͷ
ˣȼֱ޷죬˰ҡ
ɽĻû꣬ͱĻֹ̌һЦ˵һĸҪǹ򲻿أӦףʵǲ~~~򣡡
ҫ΢΢һЦȭ˵ͨ죬Ȼǵһ֮ǣڣҪǿƣҵҲֻܹԹơǵзȾĸأ
һзСһﵹͦ˼ġã㲻ɣ˵£˿ԸѩѱȥȡǼ
ҫ˿٣΢΢ͷ漴Ц̧ҫƴǵĻԵе㲻ʶ̧ˣҵԵΪ
ã˫һˡҫǴлκǰҪĻǴӾ黹ʵ˵κ¶֮ϣסҪçײˣҫ١ָС£˶ȥɣ
Ľһ£ҫ⣬ŴĴϾ뿪
Ů~~~~~㰡~~~~~~
Ľһ޺𣬱˫ǰ۽Ǻᣬ˷˵ǰݺݵı뻳УһͿʱʱİŪԴСһ߰Ūһ߿޺šŮܿˣˣ֮ĻʹĻš
ҫָĿɿڴһɵģٽƲһԣһҾ֪ı飬Ǻ죬ֻڸضȥ
ҫԼ׵֮ǰ˺ѷεźţүΪʲôҪộҵż֮ǰ޵У֮ĽȥˣȥˣүǸĽǣǰ߰ɣ~~~~~~
ֲָ̧˲ڵ亹кյѹôżϾŴĴ뿪֮ǰĲȻĽݷ򸾣Ƿһԡ˵ԸӦҲĺܣƽҲȥ
ٻعͷǰһҪģж񺮵ǵõ˵ѩѱ֮Ľݷ򸾣ǰ࣬Ц˺޽ɣȻеһģһϵˣ²ң
飡
ĽȻһĽĺףֱӽķڵأຣڴڵĴŴ
ԼûԼϵȻǹǿҵĹذ˼ܸ֮жĽһΣԻþ̵ܵԶԶģһǶˣǻˡ
磬ͲǰǸ߸ϵ֮һ𣡡
ĽȻקĽ죬ϵҡţ֮󣬲ûĲӻζϡ
һ֣ĽװŰҫЦеʵҫ֪ΪҪȥǼ𣿡
ҫ֪ʾ£
֪ĹϵҲú££һϲԡȻĽŮҲ̫ϣȻ˵֮ǰ飬ɵĺܲôĵˣҪʧŶ
ĽЦ˵֪ҫĹϵʱֱӴܵҫץסߵƣʾԼľģѻ˵ʱصһ
ҫϲֻҪϲԶһκ¶ǿԽģôǼҫ־ڱصˡ
صȫԸУҫȭ˵
˵ǰģҲǵ׼ŮˣԺͽвĸɣĽȻ΢Ц
̫ˣ˳ĲôҸѾͷĹϵԺ󶼲õˣүĺ鸣ҫлϲء
ȻôǼﲻðˣлܱûãͷڹ̻ǲ
٣֪ΪҪһͬǰȥôĽ΢Цʵ
ҡҡͷҲػĽҲ⣬ڵ뱨ɱ֮ô
˫һɣüͷһ漴һ˵лȫ
Ľ˵ͷ֮˫ۿָУЦһ۶ѣСָжôԯͷ廹ðɣ
ָбȭһ񣬻صʦһаãķָдʦ밲
ˣˣЩСᣬòͷˣ˽ͽһɣֶɲװҪҫӰɣν˶ð£֮ҲиӦ֮ǰҿǶˣҫΧǿͷ壬˾͸ӣܺã
ָе˵ͷЦʵָд⣬ܸҫһٺòҫ֣֪Σ
ҫ΢ЦŻصǵȻ֮أҲ΢΢ͷʾͬ⡣
ãô˵ˣպһͬǰɡˣҲˣǶȥϢɣĽЦ
ȵȣףҲҪҫһͬȥ



ʮ Ҹλ
ȣһȻεĻɽȣûʲôر֮˽ܵƲϣ޸ûУʲôҪȻֺ֮Ķȫڡֻһͨͨɽȶѣȫûʲôصĵط
һͨɽȣһǰȴһ䲻ͨ¡
峿ʱ֣ͻȻһը죬ضɽҡĵ涼ڲ֮һ׹ǳͻأĳ𣬹ֱ֮ϣ֮ɫĿѡ
ԼĪһʱʧ漴һƬŨΪĵķԲ֮ظǡ⾪춯صľȻе̽һ
ֻǣǰ̽ˣûһܻȥǽƬƵ֮󣬱Ҳûһ·˼һ㣬û˿춯һЩżҲȥ޻أƬһֻľء
֮ǰһ̽Ҳ޲ߣ֪ؾرڣҲûнȥֻǽȥ֮˶ʧ˷
ȵ˵ֻнķΧ˶Ǹ֣Ҫ̽һ飬Իһʱǣǽȥ֮Ǿķ֣ԼʶѹƵͣȫֱ治˷
ǵˣڳִ͵ޣÿһͷвʥ֮ʵǧٹ෱࣬ƺػʲô
Щʧ֮ȫЩ޸˳һЩ΢һģǱֱ棬˲к⣬ǳˡ
ļҪûǸʵˣ֮£ֻܽϱѩѱķֵѪδ
պЩȹϵһǵõѩѱĻȵģһֻǴȻڰ״̬Ҫһ֮ʱһ֮﷽Ż
ڵ֪ｫҪ֮󣬾Ϳʼ׷뿪ˣǶûȤѩѱȻѾ֪ˣôＸѾǵ֮ˣӹɡѩѱԼĵûдûߵĳ̶ȡ
ֻǰһϢЩſʼѩѱռ˵ֻȺһڻ˭ң͸ƾˡ
ͬʱڲϵĳһЩĵĶ֣˵Ŀ궼һµģص
ѩѱ̬ȣ˵Ǹ˱һᣬȻֻЩʵЩѰҲֻǹֶѣûʲô˿ɼ
ȣĳƵΪȺӰӿǲǵĴһЩƴ֮һЩ֮һЩյϵӿ룬ͬʱһЩСߡһԵַǷ˶ڵȴգĳ
Ѿͷǲгôом֮Ужٸɲμεᰡ
֪أҫ磬һطЪţָдǵˣٻԲ߰ɣ
ҫεĿǰ⸱һĳ֮˷һ㣬ֶӡ
ЩֻѰСɫ˶ãճ֮ʣƻٵ˳ɵˣ
ԶٵʱһŲ֮ϣïܵҶÿԽ𡣹ḧңܵûһ˿Ӱ졣
˶һۣǾȥڶ˿Ҫӽʱδ󺺵ס˶˵ȥ·ﱻҼүˣȥ𴦰ɣ
ҫһ㶣˿µŮһУԷҲЦĳŰҫָָ㣬òŮĳƵǷòеҲ˵üĿ㡣
ҫ΢΢һЦҡͷǸ߰벻мɫԿʲôΪ˲õĴ壬˳ʶ
΢΢䣬һʲصģ˫粽ĶһǾĵͽӡ
ʮ£žΧסϵҪˡ絹ҲѰ죬ͬİԵԴ
󺺼ҫû뿪һνģ漴ŭĿһȰСץסҫļҪƷɡ
ֻ뷨еˣҫһס󺺵ţҲƣһơһ죬ǻİ˳ߴ󺺣ֱӱҫһķɳףٿռѪֱ֮ȥ
һ󺺣һʼδģҪȡʲôʩ֮ʱ˼ΪʮѪ··һƬйιһ㣬ޱȣһز
ҫǣ֣΢ЦҡڵĳȥֽƿĴƷ˲˵ĲĿҲϵ
ʦкɣȻҶҵˣǲ֪ߵغ񣡡ֹ̧˽ҪһӵϵǣҲ̫ݰ֪ʶֵš
ѾͷĵģҲǱô
ҫ磬ô࣬ôܶס˵ˣôû¼Щèͷ
ӱһ䣬żŭ𣺡¶ˣ쵽Ϊֹ
һ£ʮ󺺷·ͻբһ㣬ֱҫҫһҪɿ֣Щ֮ʣһ
죬ת˲ţɫ䲻ʲô֮Уȴ·Īħ˵ĺһϣһ˿Ŀհס
Ȼֻж̶̵һ˲ѣգ۵ʱ䶼ǵ˻عʱǰʮȫװ۶ڱǲѪ⵹˶Ϊ֮һ׷ײ²·֡
ҫ΢΢һЦ̧ͷϵĹ٣΢΢ĵ˵ͷһĮȻ֮ɫƲ˰ҫһۣ漴Ŀ
һʮˣȻЩ˹΢ֻһЩѰɫһƵУҲûм˶ܹʩչ˵ġ
ɫһƬףҫҲ𽥵ľԼͷϵĹ٣оԼ쬵ġŮӣҲòȥһʧɫģ
ﳤϣˣ
ģС޽ϱǣ
Ļ䣬һһ׳ĴܳԶľһԾֳצŰҫݺݵץȥצ缫Ϊֺǲ
֪СΪе㱾¾ͿҼϽվͽǾ͵
䣡
ճϵвֱ֮ӱĴϡ
ڹٸߵ֦֮ϣһӰȻ׹䣬һ˫ССѾݺݵ̤ճϵһù֮ϡԭٿԾĲڽ£һܵĽӴһж񹷳ʺֵ쾡¡
壬۸ҫ㣬΢΢˯΢΢ô㣬ߣ
ɵˣˣҫˡ
ǰСŮǸſȾһ΢΢ڵһȭһȭﳤϣÿһȭһһһ㣬΢΢Ūš
΢΢ȭ֮أһĽ֮ϣһĳӣʵǿֲ
΢΢ˣҫж˵ĺܣҫƹƾԣԼ¶Ķ֡ͬʱ΢΢չֳˣԼһơ
λﳤϱôûͿԿ΢΢־ޱȵƣߣλﳤʥ֮ˮ׼΢΢һȭ
ҫ΢ЦȥҲȥһ΢΢λﳤչƲãÿһʶһ־ʼǲš
ߣҲ̫ˣȻҵҶңڱѩѱҲҪҶֱ棬Ϊҵǵģʶľ̸ҹϴǸҶҾԻѣ
ɫţǲȴǾֵ飬֮»ְָȻ֮ɫ
Դһᣬ˵κ壬ѩѱҪӵ𣿡
ʥŮ¶ˣ޻̸֮ʮǰѱĸ𣬵ȻҲų©֮Ŀܣ


ʮ ֻ룡
κ˫һһ֮ʣΧſֵȺڣ·ͻȻʲô˺ĳͬһ顣˫۵ɵͭСϵıͬʯһ̡
ѩѱâκ˫˪ȭκ˫ѩѱˣ
Ⱥ֮˾ȳκ˫һЦ۽һƲˣ˵£
κ˫һٶŲǸ·˼ףν˵ӰȲ̸¼ݾԽЩȺŵüɹ
·˼ףһӣŤͷͶ㣬ʧȺУκ˫ɨһȦٴαޱȵ˵ôô
ǱޱȵԼͬӥ񣬿ȺһĻŲѣʶһ亹ԾĴ̫Ѩ¡Ǵʱ״̬ͺһֻè䱻ŵˣëը
һգ۵Ĺ˶ʼȻæԼ£ЦǣһЩ˷ǳӲܲʶ˴кֻһ˼ʲôûҸ겻һġ
κ˫ͻȻæȺ΢΢һЦӿɽ̣
飡
ޱޱһﳤֶǰλտʼ䲻ﳤϣޱޱͬŪšʮȭѣ㱻Էһȭıȥ
ҫ磡㣡
΢΢Ҫﳤ֮Ƶ˽ĻԴӰҫս֮ܺСѾͷҲ֪ôˣ԰ҫ˿˵ϲĲˣＸʱ޿̲ڲŶһͬˣ
ҫҲͦϲӵйСŮӴ˷һȽֵ£΢΢12ȴʼձ56״̬Ҷ˵֪΢΢⼸꼸ûг壬һֱô
ȻŹ죬Ҳû̫ϣȥ΢΢ӲҪУŪĴ֮һһ취ûС
׶Ůʵ۰ĽҲֻӦϵҫ˶չˣԼм֮ĻҪԼҪҲ
ҫҲǴӦһСŮͺϲƽţľޱĹ٣ʱż¶ЦݡڰҫСŶ΢΢Ѿص㱣ˣȻ΢΢ʵҲҪ
ˣ򶭼ҵܶ԰ɣκ˫Цݣеʵ
Ѿˣ֪Լˣ̯ϴˣ̱ڵϣȻһĵͷ
κ˫΢Цͣ˵Ҳ֪˭ˣͲҽˣոѩѱʥŮ˵ĻܷظһΣ˵㣬û
һڣŵû˹ȥ

ҹ١ҫκ˫Χڻǰ̸ŶǼƲߣ΢΢ΪıЪϢȥˡ
һ־磬·֮һ֪һ£ѩѱˡǲʶҫˣ˵Ӱѩѱͷǣ˶Ҷ⼸Сʲô֮ģοǻ¶һ֡
ҲˣΪģûһ˸ҿҲðҫֵ徲Ҳȥǡ
֪νĶ¼ΪǱĳ룬ЩҲɵӣȥ֮̾ͻı߾͡
νӵ˺ӲѩѱˣǸ߹ʥŮҲûӹˣֻжңҪǻ᲻ˡ
ѾͷΪʲôҪָиϣ治һ𣿡ҫʵ
ȵɽĵ·ֹһܹҫڵĵطֻһѡ
Ÿ֦һֻ°ͣһ߻һ˵ȻһǹĸָдǻϣĿģ
Ϊʲôüͷ΢壬Ҳ̫⡣
ƲƲ죬ֹšô漴㿪ڽ͵ȷ˵˶һǱ˴֮ʵܾ⣬˭Ҳκβ˭Ҹ΢΢ˣʵκһôǻô
ҫٶһۣ߻صһȽų
˼νз磬ǹĸָдǻϣȻʵᳬЩһʵǣͬΪǵжΪ谭һǲǵĶ֣أһҲңҲңпϣųϾϣҲǵһв϶ԽųԽ߳ϵĿŶ
һ䣬µĵɳϳȦȦһȦס⼸ȦȦҲͬһȦסγĶԱȡ
κ˫üͷһƣ΢ľȣͷͷǵоݣΪ⣬ҫһֲֵģ
ѾͷǽȥԺŻϣͲ⵽Ⱥ֮ôҫûʲôΪʵ
ǿ϶ģΪҪѽʵȥ£һҪǣҪúÿһ»᲻ᱻ侮ʯˣòʧѽеֻụ¼ɣ˴˹˼ɣ˭ҳִƣǵ׶Ρɽҵᣬʱûʲô˼ˣɹͨ
ɤӣ˵ˣҲŻָдһ·ڽ룬ȵʱָдΪǰ壬ҲΪǰеֶΪأ
ָУͲôУָ֮ǰѩѱͣǱ˴֮ϲ˲¼ɰɣκ˫üͷʵ
ȻһЦصԿ֮ǰλ˵ˣѰҫָдĽ֣ȥ飬ԽԽãôһԻãȼ֮ʱҫֻҪ
ҫκ˫˵ͷ¶һɻĵ΢Цٿ˿ܣü˵ЩֻǾɫңе㰲ͷˣ
Ц˵ʵﵽʥ֮ѾԽʧˣ֮ôЩ͸ˡһЩ䵱ڻңȥס纣Ұޣ峿㣬֮գ÷ǳϡЩԸĸӣȥǿ·أһ˭ֻȸ˭ֻ룡
ҫ˶˵ͷκ˫ӿڵǸյִʱҾ΢΢̽ܣȺϢɼΪ񣬲ЩѰɫܱȵϵģ
ҫɦɦԴѯʵѾͷ˵Ǹôأ
ĪһЦڻҫ£ԵеأЦȻǶֻ룬Ǿͽɣ


ʮ Χ
峿𣬰ҫϥھϣ³һȫջص֮ڣ˫Ŀһһɫľէ֣漴ȥ
ҫһǽڱһž᲻ѡһϰҫûϢǽʱ仨ˣȻһû˯ˬٱ
İҫ񹦵ѾޱȣȻڹһɴ֮ʱ˵ʵһεͻͽ
ʵҫʵԼӾ˵ڹѾˣԼͬһȣڹ˵ҪһߡǣҫʵɲֻǾѣлǲޱޱĽ
ߵóκһԼͬĿ϶ԼȫûǣڵһϣǾͲһһڶôˣǾǳɼα
Դʵ˵֮ͬаҫԿŵţֻҪ粻߳һףôҫʹӮˣԱǴ´ġ
УֶһǾ磬ǽǡڽо仰ôģޣѡ
ǰͲҪ˵ˣҪǿ͸һԭ̤ô˱ȱȽ֪͸˾Ծ˷أ̥ǵĽ
ǵͬûôףѡȫϵ˼ǣһס
ǰ취к֣ܶЧһѰһ֮ͺҫǰǱ巨һ㣬ֻź٣ȫ÷ëݡɽҲżȻ֮
οʹõй֮ţҲôɾɵģҪͣѰȴǰҫˮ׼Ľ巨ҪܾƤ֮ˣЩ΢߼һţɾͲƤ֮ôˡ
İҫĽϣѭ򽥽꣬ÿһ˿õһжȻʵȲ
ҫ硢ٴ硢΢΢κ壬ǵ˵ôڰҫ֮˻ϣȻһЦ˵
˽ǵ˵ͷ΢΢ǿɰСЦİɣ㣬΢΢ԸǵģõŶ
΢΢Դ˵˵ͷͬʱĿһͬɽ鱩ɢȥΧȺںݺݵıˣ˼ĲͣΣ˵ʵǿֲ쳣
ҫһȣǻѱһΧȵһ㸲ڰҫƤ֮ϣƽһޱȵƣͬһŻǣֱĳȵ֮С
ٵҲǵʲãһ󣬳΢΢⣬˵Ϣ쳣ľң
ŰҫһͬС
˵һٶŵЩȺˣЩŵĵڵϣҫ˵ޱȵӢȣЩҲȷʵе㲻ˡ
˼ңĸ֣ƣƣ治ѩѱ콾ȻһѰ֮һĽ
ǾǣǴͷǸ꣬ˣǲ࣬ȴѾ򵽻ˣǷһţЩֻᴵʦʦܣһȣǼֱ硣һŮ˫ĿŹ˵
СѾͷƬӣַ

ڰҫ˳֮ЩСҲʼ룬һʮ㣬˵ЦͺǼͷڵǲժһ㣬ǵòԶЦѡ
ʦ㣬ⱱҲôһ湻ԵˣҪãͱЩȡˣҿȺһضˣ
һŮճ˫ۻм
޷Ǵڵã̯ƽǰĵ·Ǹɵȥĵ㣬ֶΪأ
ŮӵһŮӦŮ䣬ݼǧ˿ٲ㴹£һĳ£˳еĳס
ŮŶӣȫŮɣܹˣ˽߳Ϊ׵Ů֮⣬˶ǽԼĳһ·˿߸𣬷·˿ʲôһ˿ϵ·ԵΪ
վǰŮӣĿһƲԶˣԷҲֱͬӶǿĶñУֱһ˿ѪζŮӶš
ŮһЩŮҲʼɽ֮УɭȻһЦҲͬ˽ɽȡⲻһӵʱ䣬ȿ֮ѾտҲҲûǰһӡ

飡
~~~~~
һֳ־޸׳һƤһ㣬һͷͨѩһɿľܸķɳ֮ԶĿǰЩС࣬һ˫һɱȺ֮С
ͷ޴İ绢Ⱥһ㣬ɱЩ߿޵һͣԭ·ˡȺȵѰǣڽвǧ׵ľʱ˴ޣǽ¾
ʱλ峿̫ո֮ʱʱԽǿңҲеԽϡѹʶĸоҲǲϵ½Ҳڻʧ
ֻǣٺˣûü֮ʣ㱻ǰһȺ޸䣬˿ʼԼᣬȺ**ս
Ȼս룬һ浹ľ棬Щ޵ʵﵽʥ֮ʵڿֲ쳣Щܡ࣬࣬ʵǿ߳ɵɣ˳ȡ
ʣµɣȫǾˣЩгϻ٣޶Կ֮ʱҲǷֹȷ޼䣬һʱ䵹ǲ·硣
ֻŴܣЩνľһʱҲѹΪ˵ԼⷽԲռơʮΧһֻޣʮֻȥΧǣһʱǽп಻
󣬻ǶİҼɻһϽʣʼЩ޽д󷴻˶һҸӵĵǲ
ɻХҲ汾ڣڶ˵ָ£ڳְߵе΢ѹȺһͷϾͳһָӣͬͬ˵Ĺƣ䱩սҪ֮ǰΪ״̬ǿֹ
ɼʹˣսɽţֱŮȲ֮£ֱԼ˼ս֮ս𽥺ת
ʵŮ˶ǰսֻǲò֣ΪǷڽ֮󣬲߳ǧ׵ľ룬һϿȣֻһ
ԭ߷ɸߣʩչṦԶݶȥЩ޶ǰȺں֮ȥԼɵĵִյ㡣
ǾǸոԾһ̣ԼȻȫû˷УһֺʧгԺУͷתȫֲ嶫һָֻ֮糣öƲѡ
ΨһͨʱҲӵ²ȺҰ޽Ķס粽ơԶʵΣֻܼսţǿɲﱻڵжȡǺҲǸ
ԣѩѱ˱Ƚأ
ŮճδʣָһһĽһɫƶǣпʼĿðҫǵһеģҫ˵ӰӶûпƺ˾ôƾʧˡ
üһԭˣǴ˰ѩѱǲаӣȺ˶ǵǹʹˣ
צ磬类ĵƬһ֮ڣûлĴڡݺݵɱ¾֮ʣҲͬʱһƬѩҲ֪˰ҫ˵Сı
ôݣǣȸȸ룡


ʮ ɱĹŹֵĵ
ȵϿ֮УȻΪĴڣѪӰɣ⽣Ӱɱ죬ϰڲϵĳǰȺ
֮䱩һҵĽսЩһһ壬ϵıȺԭЩһɢɳɣѾȺĽڽڰˣֱ֮󣬲Űơ
Ⱥ֮УΪѹȺĹؼֱֻԾ̺һɨǰȺ
Ͽ࣬һŮӣսľޱǰȥǰУǽӽޣᱻʦ̽ɱ
ͬµŮӣ֮ƽŮΧ룬ʼձضĲʱңӦؾ߱ԿϵĽΪ֮
Ͽ룬һں֮еӰһȵĳǰͷֻ˫צޱȣ磬Ρǰ޾ͺ񶹸һ㣬צԵôޱȣһʱѪɣȺֱӱ˺һ·
ʮҲʱʱĳһ£һЩδ͸޻УʱҲʲôǳֻ֧֮ûһͷŵޡ
ϿҲ࣬һ׳һ֧ĲȺѹֳڳ˫һ㣬Ⱥˡ
ΰ񱩵ĹӰ˵ˣټ϶Ĭϣ಻Ⱥѹơ
ֻ飬֮ƣɱȺһٶˣϿȵĳڻǰ
ҫ磬ô뷭ȸܲɣ
龫ѾͷԹӺʹ
ҫ˳ȺĲԶ֮ǰҫȻǵһɽ֮Уһ֮˼ɷֿжأͬʱеϢ
ص֮УܼȾͲ̫ߣټ˵ϢʹŮҲûзְҫ˵Ĵڡ
ӲԶҰ˻Ϊҫһ޽Ӵˣڰ͵Цأⲻ֪˾ڰҫ˵Ƥӵ¾
ֻҰ޵ҲɾһöһֻϣýԻס
һõĺֱͨһĽǶȽ䣬ϿеȺĴ֪ʹðֶΣ벻жѡ
ⷬһСˣ󵼣ƭ˷Ϊǵǰ䣬һݴͱ˵״̬һ滹Թ۲ǼصĶкι֮һãһ˫
ʥŮǶı㣬
κ˫һһóϷı飬չֳĲκ˫̾ѣиǾ岻ѣǾ乧άĻȫǳġ
ȻһЦ˿ǰԶǴɱķ֧飬ʵκ壬ʶ㣬ܿĳ֧ǳô
һһֵκ˫βѣӶ˵ݵλ˵ΪѩѱʥŮҪ߳κ˫٣Ĵ϶Ȳϡȫûи߸ϵļӣйоصеԲȻϲ
ʥŮ£֧飬Ǳļңóɻ䳤ӺХӣһµǲҫüһ¶ĪЦݡ
һ˲ķӦκ˫Ҳ۵ף˵ҲŮӣǵɫ˿װʽϿӦݵӵз߽֮Ƶ״ӡ˽Ⱥ˴֮Ĭ˽ǲС
мʮˣצ֣צݣצޱȣ鶯ͳֵϰӦϷӥѵľʿѪʮӥ
˵ͷ֧Ǵʵ˵ʲôѰɫ˵ʵڵĵȼıֱӱʵʵʣ˼š
ʱȺɢ֧ǿĶ֮£Ͽȵĳڡ֮ԭ֮ǰĽٸˮʮ֮һĳ̶ȣʮ֮һ
һѾ˳ȣһȺΧ֮£ǰʣʮˣɻҲοЦ˵ʵڵҪǺ֧鶥ǰ棬Ƴ⣬һڡ
߳ϿȣչǰһĶԲοյأյصܱȺɽΧΨյصǰԵ֮һͱڡ
ȵĵƵκ֣һЩȸҲеˣΪ֮ǰĵȫġ
ȥȣһɽ϶ɵģ񣬸ɽûˣеͨĿյصϿȣյغǱȺɽΧƣ˵ɽȻ˵ΪãָоͺĳλߣֱӸıȵĵһ㡣
ģλ߾еֲĹˣȥıɣħ
ڰҫ߳Ͽȵһ̣ĿֱƶԼЦǰ֧΢΢һЦˣ
Ƿ߽Ĵʦ㣬ֻƲһۣ㲻˵ˣҧгݵʦã߹һԣʼ˹ˡ
ӥͷӣҲֻɭһЦκεľٶͬ߹һԣԶҫˡֻʣ¶Ҽɻεվǣһֹģ
ҫһЦźɻ޴ģҲ˶Է⣬ӺХǰǸȻ֮ɫȭ˵¶ҺХ֣ʥŮ밲ˣ°֮ǰʶʥŮ֮һЩͿ£ʥŮºѷһͽ䣬ʥŮ´дŹҺһΣҺХָмԸЧȮ֮ͣ
ҫе΢Ĵ㵣Хֵ̬ȫûаֵ⣬һȫܹоõֻһ˿˿ǣֵܵĲ໹治һĴ
죬裬ԴλҵүͬһֻԵżΪĶ档
Х֣Ȼҫ˻ֻǵһνӴǰ̬飬ȫһĵǸ״̬ҴǰḸΧľٶȫԿƽƺʩ򱧲ƽ֮ˣðҫ˵ǶĵһӡкøС
ͬʱХ־ȻԷԼܵܵ书Ҳȷֿˡ
ҫŬŬ죬ˣ¶ȥôˣХһҪúýЩܵãҪǣ˽ϿɲֹǶҵҲᱻ䶪¾ʹգǺҲ÷ˡȻ´εĻҾֻôȥˣ
Хһһ񣬵ͷǡҪصɻ֮ʱȴֱס˵Щʲôߵ˵ͷصɻߣͣ˵ɻҲͬͷѣҫʱҲơ
ҲͬҫٵˣͣЦţƺʲôʶһ㣬˵ͷǸո֮ʱϿͨĳڣӿʮͷҰޣܵɽȥ
мͨʮ˲ϵ߳Ϊ׵֧飬ֱָڵţһź۱꣬ӥͬʮˡ
Ҳֻͨʮ˳֣Ϊһӣֿվֱһ֧ɮɵԼؿ϶Сơֳƺŵ
Ѿ룬ҫһЦְ


ʮ Ⱥ
ʱȵʼԽԽϡɹǵûɢȥܵ¶ȶʼ𽥽͡
ȻɱĹȵ˸ʲôʡ͵ĵƣֵֻҪ˹ܵҲϰٺʲôš
ҫҲһƬСƺϥ΢΢ǳĿŹٸ١ټ΢΢һɰģ΢΢һЦʾ΢΢㴫ڸԷԼһּգ΢΢һ˵Ĳ˵飬ֱٻˡ
ҫܣж׵ٰ˼һǺӣԶֵŶ
ҫ뷨ƺٲˣߺݺݵĵһ۰ҫ΢΢ţ˵Сӣ뷨ջȥ
ҫεɦɦףɵЦͣһҲרĽ̵΢΢
κ£֪֪˰սʤҫǳֱ治Щǳκ½󣡡
ҫĶκ˫˵ЩûʲôӵǰȻǰûӣеУǰ
κ˫΢Цŵ˵ͷҲҫԽԽ˳ۣʵƷ츳ķۣ˵ˣ˵˵ߡӥ̳λѷ򡣱ƣһ¯࣬ҫӥǽŽǰʮṦʵС˲żüãֲ٣ǿľҪʮӥˡ
ʮǷӥʿӼ¿ʼͻܵԵĽ̵ѵ봫ڣʮӥܹʽ߽֮ʣʮȻΪӥɱ˹ߣ˶Ѫ̡顢ֶεĴڡӷӥʮӥĴڣϵĸ½棬ӦѾǵʮӥˣͬʱڽҲ˳ƽһǿһʮӥ
ҫ˵ͷĿⲻԾƳһ۲Զʮˣʮ˿˵ǽɱˣԼʱǵĻҫһ㶼ɣҶԼҲ
ȻҲ֮ΪɵνƽڽһƳǷɽʫšݽţƽһָ֮һã߽֮߾ףĪ֮һ׵Ĵţ˵ƽʱڻԵɺ֮£ܵǴ˵еǿ߽Ʒɵĵ㲥˸ߵĽ裡
߽ǲƽ״ӣ˸߰ÿһ߽ģиãƽӢʩ̣˵ĽͬÿѧĶֻʺԼԵĽӲ࣬ȴǳ֮ˣи߽Ϊף˵ĳһսǶħɽţֻƾ֮㵴ƽɽš
ҫŮӣΪ׵ŮӾȻҲԼ˻˵ͷкˡҫӣ˵Ůӣ
κ˫صŮڶ࣬ƽȴж֮ʲôɾͲö֪ˡʹΪɫ֮ͽΪһŮأ
ҫʼЦԶﴫȲ٣ܱǰָˣƷӦòģ
κ˫˵ͷѯʵǰ
ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷʵκ£žͲ˵ˣҲ֪֪ˡָһֵͬǸ˭ָŲСĳԹ
κ˫ԺЦЦصҲƲʲôԹֻ˵˶ӱ˴Ϊ޵аˡ˴˲̫˳۶ѣҶΪųһľš
ҫ˼ĸ˸°ͣص֪˵ǽпܻطĶ֮һ߻ϱ
ԲӣҲԣСϢſɢģ˲ˣκ˫ҡͷЦ
ѵ飬κʾ£
κ˫˵ͷ˵ʵ£ҲǽеһأһЩһĸΪ֪Ҳࡣǵõ꣬Ŷһܡ糱ˮĿܻأֱ֮ڼ裬ΪĻͬ裬ȫûа취ֵֽͬһ㱻˺ƬֱӴŵֱ̳
ֵֻǣƬ֮ųˡǵˣڶոǴһ˵ŵĻŵĿܾ֮⣬öԷдϢ㴫ڽ֮ϡµȷΣȻЩ֪˵ŵĿܻؾǹھȫ޷֮Ტ۵ġ
Ҷֻ˵һ˲šĲǣѧǣԿܵŵĿܹƷƷнղ֮ܡƷǧ򻯡Ʒ֮Ҷʮһ꣬һ֮ʮߵƷܣÿһ߿ܶŲͬܣΪʮǽڵЩϹﾪΪˡͬ꣬ʮǽɨƽڽ߳ɵĿܻɣ裬ܵһ˳ƣǽ
ҫ˵ͷ̾Ȼͷ˭һ־ûʲôصı£㶼˼߽Ѫʮӥ߽Ҷʲôʡ͵ĵƣԼȣ·˼ˡ
κ˫ϳɾĿҫʲô΢ЦҡҡͷοԷƱʵҲЩ˶٣οǱ϶ۣ㽫ĳɾ͹ƻҪ֮أ
ҫεЦЦκ˫Ҳ˵ұߵֻ飬ɮǴڵʥأ֮УֻҪһ˱ɣǾΪ׵ɮˣ
ʮ֮ޱޱй֮޲˺ܾ޶ʮ굴ƽǧʮһ䴨زԭǿǵ۹ɱ¾򡣶ʮһͳʹڳΪزԭϵΨһ֮ȡĹڵһ񼼣
ʮ㣬һڹʽṦ֮Ϊһ湦ʮÿͻһ㣬һ֮֮ʱʮʮƽ֮ƣжϴֺɽ֮ܡСʱղ֪ѵʲô̶ȣⲿΪģҹڳУӦʵǿ
ҫ˵ͷκ˫ÿһ仰μУҫеɻǣԼǵһμָоƺļԷ
κ˫ɤӣ˵һͬǰˣؿϵƣŵˡòϿӦǡ
ɱʹ֮һ屦ϣ
ٵκ˫˵Ҳͷ˿Ĺ٣ҡҡͷ̾ϢһվһԲ
ǰҫͷƣһֻС¯࣬ƻ侪ˣɱֲǰƾַ֮ߣڵһ֮£Ǿٶȣ˵ðЦǹ飬һò˵ģڼΪޱȣɣɥ߼ȫ飬ֲ欸Ɯ磬Űʮһ֮һ澭צָڲضϵˣȫװС
屦ͷ֮ˣͬҲŵ֮һƴСʮһǰʮħͯӹ㿴ƺֻʮһģʵˡⲿô棬ͯɽòʱڣ߾ħͯӽǹ룬ˮ֣ơòԵʣԵ˸ϵĳƺšǰ屦ɱʹͭɱʹžӣţҵĸף׵ܣ岮һ⣬ȫֻΪһ׶ѡֻһѣڽ֮С
ҫ˵꣬ʼûвһ죬ûпһۣ˫ĿԶ屦˵ҪҰô
ҡҡͷʼ屦֮ʱûһ˿ıչ֣·˵˵¼һ㡣Ŀޱݣȴڸǲס͸¶ӿɱ⡣
ˣԼĳԼ
õģԸԸҰһ£벻һ£ɡҰҫûѹ¾սϰߣ


ʮһ ħԳǧ
ϴû뵽ǸʣҲ⣬̫ˣʡǵȥͬһˣһð
Ǵɤţ±˲֪ҪʲôƵáƴüѣݺݵĵһۣӣӻԵվһԡ
ڻܶóѩѱĹϵǳﲻǵĵ̣ҪҲֻܵ䵥Ժ󣬰һŵ㣬ҪĿŪ˷겻֪ʲôĺ
ƴĻⱱĺ绹Ҫ䣬ıʶĴ˸̷õ֪Լ̰ʧܵĻǻս棬ȥ̷ã
ƴ»ôСĽôѪɱϵôĹֵĻ˵һԸæ
һԵЦһ˫ţ۰С˫Ŀɨܣǰ˳߿׳ֱͣһͷ˶ɵޡ
ƴƲһۣͷģŵԼᴦƴϲˣȥҲÿ
һЦƴ׹磬ϸô˵û٣ƴ֮һϾߵʵ٣Ǹʱ

ӴҫôҲˣѩѱȻ֣ºδ갡
ָУ㻹ǰ£ү˭Ͱ˭Ҫõ׼ɣ
ߣٳп֮ϴûʤȴˣһ£Ҫָ²ɣ
㰡ã㣬үνŵһ콾Ƿʵ
ҫָһһ͵Ļţ˵״̬ƺ˴˿ԷԵĸоʵ϶ﶼ͵ЦԷǺݼ
ʦ㣬Ƕ˺ԹС߽һŮѯʵ
ָиո֮ʱȥѩѱ̳ĻɽݷĽݷˣס˵ʱѩѱһֽ֪֣ƽ֡Ӧþҫˣָһգ˽ʱҪôҪôӮƽᷳ¡
߽Ĵʦ˵֮һ˫ĿͣעŰҫԺҲڲͣѰ˼ʲô
ʮӥӥҶߣаЦͷвٰҿɴ֣ȥΣ
֣Ц㵱ҶǸ̤뽭ĳôѪʮӥͷôģҲ֪֪ˣˮӱù٣Ҫϵ˰ɣ
ҶӥЦһۣҲͬȻһЦʶȤĻصԼĶУеɱԽŨ
ϰٺĽͷӶ֮ʣͻȻܱڸǵɽ֮ϣһҰ޵˻
ЩҰ޵˻һһ絼һ㣬Ƭ죬˶һִ·ضڲ
Ұ޵˻ֹͣʱǼ⣬˶һƬļ£ͻȻĻǿʼе㲻Ӧ˵ڲͣļţԼԼһ뷨뿪
~~~~~~
һըװŭһĹ֮Уһıͻһ𣬾Ѫӿɫס
ЩսҫҶָСƴӥЩ˶ֻǽüͷ
Щ˵ʵڵĶǽϵˣҫȻ֪һʶһûľ汦رô򵥵İժôϹĹۣٷ֮ȥػѽ
ԴЩСʵ޴룬֮Сһ촫Ϣ֮һȻݺݵ׹ǰɿ⡣
֮ѣβǴˣڲ
Ǿ޴ĽָֿȵĵѾһƬͬ˲ı۰˫ȣ˫ۼҪҪ˫ȳһ
˫ȭպضֽʵСһ˱סĻ൱һץסճèһ㡣һ쳣޴ֲֿ绨һԵơͨѩɫëɢŵ⡣
ͷԷ⣬һž·ֱһһͷСţͣĹŰ
ǳѪ˫Ŀɨܣ֮˶ԾһƤͬԼһֻѱǲ׺ʳ߶ϡ
һͷ߽ɿ⣬ͬһСɽһ㣬۰ɫԳޣǰ˶Ϲޣݺݵһ
ħԳǱħԳ찡ܣܣеӸһȥϼɽׯҪˣҪˣǣǣ
ԳϼɽׯׯŵƨԣľӢӣҲͬϿͨȥ
ħԳڱǴ治˵ǶȫϵġǼħԳȫȫʬȫһȭࡣ
ټеĺգ֮ܽѰ߶Сһֽǣֺʵֲ֮˵ðЦ
֮ԳΪǶΪħԳӲȥǱھɡǱˣнԭ;޶ħԳΧȥκˣɼΪ͡
ʱ˰ҫЩ⣬ʣĽٺ˼ȫߣ˶ʱϿͨ˵֪ʲôڱħԳǰûá
ҫ磬ҿ硣üͷֹǱħԳ֮ʱѾеˡ
ȻҲ֮飬ɲԼߵĻħԳʤж󣬾ڳ֣ʤҲֶѡ
Ѿͷ޷ٵȵȿ
ǻڳڷдͷ˶һȿʲô˵ֵֵȥƴ
ħԳ˫ȭһؿڣһشĵ֮һ𣬺춯أҪ˵ĶĤƣƵǲò˹塣
εˣħԳΪģ·籩һ㣬Ҫ˹εܻ֮ȥһʧӰ١
ڱħԳĽ£һİڷ֮ϣͺһ̴ʦĵһ㣬ڱ֮һɫ״ϣϸСıϵĴӾɢ֮ɢ
˶ˣ˫۱һ̰âЩ˵ı鶼شԼ֮ǰǣֵֵȥƴǣȫֵãԼȫҵȥƴֵá
ҫߣסСһ˼ı飬κ˫һȸոռħԳҪ𾪵ı飬ֻаҫ΢΢һ֪Ƶı顣
ǧǣ汦
κ˫˷̶ܳȣȫһֿҪιȥ״̬
Ѿͷǡҫʵ
ҫ磬֪޼ɵ𣿡һգգĿǶ
֪һƽһӣ60꣩ĹһԵӷãҩЧӱϴ裬ǿǣʹǶȥӦҩ
ҫص޼ɵϣҲǴлá
ţǰҫ֪޼ɵʲô𣿡
ǰɣҫҲˡ
ѽ΢΢һЦ


ʮ ȺȺսħԳϣ
ֱԼʮɿĵشЩһ̫ľٶ˶Ǵ۵С۵ĸǰıħԳš
֮ǰŶӵϰٺڸԵϿͨз׷⵽Ⱥ
ʱɱҽڶȺ֮ǰ˽ʱһ࣬Щܵչ˵ɱ
ԭˣոвô򵥡ɢ֪ǧ汦ùǵ̰ͬʱ֪ͨԼȺȥ·γ֡ǣǸߵĿֲ
ҡҡͷ̾ϢԼô˾Ȼһͷˣ˿Цá
һʱϿͨ촫ͨʬѪ׳һ㣬ŨҵѪζŻȺͨһԶԾĿͣ˸ѪĹâ
ʵЩȺֵȥģڳÿһȺɱȫ⣬ʵϵĲ⣬õŵԼزȥЦ
ҪĻǰͷħԳǧǾ£ֻҪ˵նħԳ˾ͿԽˡ
ֻǣûԸȥնˣûôΪ¡
ߣһľͷƵģһͷѣͰų֪νÿ
ȲסˣȻǻ𱬵ƢôɵȣƱɱܡ
һ棬Ȼһ죬ͬڵһֱħԳȥԶľһԾȭ֮ƺݺݺֱֱĳħԳͷ­ȥ
ո˵ȫûаħԳΪһͷѣٴΣһֽţƤǡ
ֻǣûпԼκ˫кҸӵЦҲԲᵱһ¡ԳƽһΪԼУѪһĽѵ
飡
ħԳҲһۣǽһɶ೤̧־һȭȥǳ㣬ƺûʲô
⿴һȭ뷨׺һȭ֮󡣺һһ㱻ݺݵĻɣ漴ݵײһɽ֮ϣǴɽֱӳһֱ׵ڿӶеķ֪
˶ĵһļƤ˲պյħԳ赭дһȭˣɽϺһֲĴ󶴡ʲô˰һ¹ƶҪɡ
ȻͷûʲôȽõģʵԵãƻǷǳɹġ
ħԳŭˣȭһؿڣֵıԼķŭս⡣һǿ񱩵Ҫ˵ĶĤϡá
ֻſ¶Ǵһ漴ĸ߸Ծ䷽ǷߵУǽµľǱһʵĺǡ
ҫһۣ΢΢һЦκ˫ʱֺߵıҲֻͬ΢΢֪ƣʵҫ磬㣬ֻˣǸϽȥǿűѽһֻĵĻǾòˣ
ĸ˸΢΢СԴ˵΢΢ڻȥŶڱϴһӲ⿪ȥǻᱻġ΢΢ԣĻҪҶŶ
΢΢Ȼǲߣǻһɵģ˵ͷ֣ǰħԳչѪȵɱ¾
һ죬ħԳص׹ڵ֮ϣһ׹֮ʹضѣУ屦ȫԾ𣬷׷ױܿ
ֻǱܵеˣΪԼķӦٶѾܿˣӴħԳٶ뷴ӦƺûϿȥôء
ֻоһƬɫӰħԳǾ޴ֱסһԾɮˣ΢΢һʹһֻһ㣬ɮһ࣬һ˦ڵϡ
ɮ˻ûзӦħԳȴӦʱ䶼ǣɭȻһ£һɷ纮̹ǵӿ֡
ɮ֮УһƺͰף⣬Բ¡ˣһĺУһһһӣȻӲĵסͬɮȫɱ飬ڵ顣
ֺͺոݹˮһ㣬ϸܵĺ鲻ϵ£ѽͲûħԳˡԼͬһȫһ㷴֮ûУʲô࣬ѹַħԳһȭӲסֱܡ
ֺзӳԼȫǱܵɽڼ̤Ծʮ׶ߣٶȿզࡣ
䣡
ֺлûüˣԱһžʯҳ࣬Ѫͬͼһֲɽ֮ϡ֮ǰһ˲䣬ۿֺнҪʱħԳһû˵ɵľٶ
ħԳ߳һڰƺڳЦֺеľٶֱֻһֱ̧ߵɽϣӲĿ۳һʯֺһֺ֮гһ
ʥֵʱ䶼ûУ֪⣬ԳƵȫûˡ
˶ɵˣʮӥеļŮӣŵվվȣû˷ţƶҪ̱ڵˡ
ֲľǣϹž޵֮ڳ˶֮У֪һ£ǾǵҪԿħԳ˶ʹ죬ͲǶ֡
ħԳɮ֮һɵͻȻԴһתһ˫˫Ŀɽϵ屦漴һŭ𣬲û屦ű
ƴüͷһ壬һȣҪӲߣ
һչһԾ룬Ҳ֪ħԳķӦʵʵ̫ˣһеģǾ޴Ѿƾͷˡ
ƾݺݵҧҧԴУ˫һ裬һʮö籼ףǾ޴ֱۻȥֻǣǿӽһ׿ƶԣЩɱóǿ˶١
飡
죬ƾħԳĲӬһ㣬ĸķѣĲ
ħԳ·ӵ屦ˣȭɽڹιƬʯһ˱ȥ˷֮׷׵ֻһ˲䣬ħԳٴθ߸Ծȥ
ƴһ˫ֺʮ磬һӵ·˫һ̯˫һԽչ֡漴ٿյħԳһڻ裬ʮӿ籩һ㽫ħԳӴһ
ƴһְӷ**ǽսԶĴڣֽʯСǣȴħԳƤûƿ˵ʲôˣֶûУҲͲƵƤ
ĹһãǾħԳŭϼŭħԳ˫ȭһ棬ʵ𣬿ֲ˼Ҫһ顣˶ٿԾʸɽ֮ϡ
ƴٴʩչṦȥǰԲṦһߣħԳֱϵļ¡𣬱ֱƾһȭƵ֮ϡǹѵ˵ĶУһĭ
Ƶعǡ߹ǡ۹ǡȹǡͷǻһǼܱǿֲȭ⣬漴ɷĩʵĹ롣
ħԳһŭ𣬼׷ɱƴˣƴüͷһ壬ҫ˵ķ򣬶ʱһŰҫ˴ȥ
ҫһȻûǰĴǻۡǣûдƴʺ⣬ǽ赶ɱ
Ѿͷ١κ¡΢΢һϣҪӲȡζ
ҫ˵ľٶ˴۾ΪǲǷˣȻܣֱǰеħԳӲӲ˼
ֻǣڰҫħԳȥ֮ʣָҲŵһʦܣͬʱħԳȥһԵҶü˼һ£Ҳϡ
Ƕôɡ߽һŮӣ쾪ȵ
׳գڲƴħԳƣʱʣµ˾ֶɡ׳Ůˣһְͬɣ
ʮӥ˶ȥʮŮŮ𣬼սšǷɽͷʦҲ̾Ϣһ߽ͬʱʣʮӥ֮
󣬱ƤǣΪˣ
ɽϵһӶһ죬ͬҩըһ㣬ʯɽһӰٴܳݣŭĿɱħԳ
Ⱥ֣սħԳ졣


ʮ ȺȺսħԳУ
ǧǵжҪҪ̶ȿκһҵŮҪõЩȵɣ֪ڵǵĻǵȣҪһ
һǧǣǿƳö޼ɵİȻ޼ɵֻҪǧϵȻɣƵĻǳɹ߳ϡ
ƽһٶʮĹΪʲô֮ôⱲӾͲҪٿȥڹˣö޼ɵֱӽⱲӶδܴﵽĹ̶ȣһ̵ɵӵʱɽеľ֡
ԣ˼֮ʱǲ¶̰֮ģûСǰҫڵ֪书Ч֮ҲͬǴ֮顣
ôħԳжֲֲЩҽ֮Ĺȣ֪ǧʱ󣬿һǱħԳȾܣһ˿ûС
ϻ֪ħԳЩ߾˲аҪȥӲǵ£ԼءǧΣٺõĶûȥãûȥãֻǿиƨá
ħԳϹޣߣˣȭɱ죬ſѵݶΪټͷŽκ嶳ĺȫǣħԳΪجΡ
جΣҲȵĵشǧǵĵ֮š
飡飡
鱻ħԳһĸϸ飬ҫκ˫һȭˣħԳſѪڣһ¡ָСҶʮӥ߽˱ˡֻһˣ˫צݺһ˺Ʋһ˺
һŭȣ·֮˫籩һ㣬ħԳͷ­һʱӰǹɺݾֲľƺҪħԳԴ顣ֻ뷨ãȴвʵ
ħԳֱ̧һǿı۰ɽȴԵж౿أ̧һ˲Ҳȷ϶٣ߵбһɶûɰ˺
ֻڳ˶ʲô·˼֮ѰɫյֻҪһ˲䣬һգ۾ȫ㹻ˡ
ָжһʦܣʹ˸ɫ߱ʾףٶһߣֱħԳܵ䡣
ͬʱӻͳһɫķ򣬰ڷڵϣ漴˫ֿٽӡɫķϽɫķĶʱһ⡣
޼Ǭ跨󣡵ħ
ָһȣһ֣Ǵ˵ͬʱһĻˡָеֳһɫͼơ
ϵɫȫƯߵľ룬ϵķĽ硣գ֮䣬ÿŷ֮£ʮʯɳ͵ļͷһϢʱ䣬ٸħԳ
ʯƳɵȥƺſſģħԳͶԱֱкʳõһ㣬·һܶϿ
ħԳʹȴʼûа취ϣԭһ첲ȷɷģȴšʯͺţƤһ;ʮ㣬ħԳĶһǳСķΧڣӰԭ֡
󷨵ãָоǵ֮ĵһţµһ󷨣УÿһжһֿȻ֮󷨡ͬʱҲˣ󷨵ĺѧûһǻ۵ˣ˵ѧˣ
ָȴһһѧͻᡣɽڣһβʱЩһ󷨴ǻţҪο߳Цһ
ָȴʲôĲ˳˶ˣһЩĴĳϸǲû³һѪ֮һĹָС
У󷨵һ˵ģͨߵİڷţټΪһЩеĲãγɵͼȻ֮һЩ󷨣ŤתǬ֮ܡ
Ҷ֮סһҵʱ䣬ָ麹ĵͺȵ
һӣ㹻ˡ
ʮӥӥһХʮӥչһ߸Ծÿ˵Ṧõˣʮ뻮һľٶƼΪˡ
ӥգӥʳɱ
ӥ˫Ŀһ˫һչȵ
ɱ
ӥʮҲͬ˫ſһʮϢÿһԴﵽʥ֮ŵȻճһֻħԳ֮࣬չʱɳ̵ӥ
ӥȻòʵڣǾ޴ĳ򣬷ӥצӥۣͣһֻӥյΩΩФ·Ƶá
𣡡
ħԳͷŭɵľӥ˫צȻǰһץȻħԳ˫ץѪۡħԳʹ̧ȭֻһȭûʲôƿԣͬҲ
ӥħԳĺ죬Ҳ֪ʮӥһάֶãƸָеͬò˶ʱҪꡣ
ȻʣҲûţķ߽ʮӥľӥ֮ʱѾ׼ˡӥħԳײ߽֮Ĵʦһ󽿺ȡ
ʣ
漴ʦҲͬһ
ɳʣ
ǳʣ
³ʣ
Īʳʣ
ʣ
ٳʣ
һһеĽзɳ߽̬죬ոһ˲佣ݺᣬǿҵķ֮Ҫǰе飬նɱ
Ŀұ֮Բ˵˵ô򵥵ġ
߽ǣնħƣ
ʦһ£ֳɽָħԳһȻ߱ͬӵһ㣬ħԳٷȥ
ֻоߵٶȣʹգ۵ʱ䶼֮ϣľˣÿһ񽣣ǷզࡣǰƴİӷͽħԳƤûƿʱ߽ȴϵħԳһѪۡ
Ȼⲻÿһ㹻һǰٶȵ񽣣ʮ˿ˡ˿ԽԽ࣬ڴʧѪ£ħԳ빥Ȼȵˮ߽ȡʤ
ָеƣʮӥ߽ʱأħԳƺѹסˣþ˻СϹ޵ԡ
ħԳܲڱ߱壬þٶȣȻһץȻӥĲץסʵħԳûʵԵץסֻǰ˸ץӣγɵĶûʵġ
ǣһĻûӥĸεűħԳһ죬ӿ˲Ϣ֮䣬һ޴ӥαڷٵĳ͡
ãˣ
ӥԵ쳣ľ壬ʮʦܣҲͬĻŲѣͬʱȫȥǸոնħԳҲˣڵһȭѽʵʵĺ˱ӥϡ
ӥѪǿҵ𵴽ˣڿߵˣüͷһ壬ҧгݡ
ûֻӳǾӥʣµˣǱħԳһȭ˷ĩҲ֪ħԳôģһȭʵʵĽӥαһƬƬС飬ʮӥеȻǷǡ
ʮķ߽ȥ˽ָһУ߱񽣿ٷɻأֻٶϺеϲˡ
飡飡飡
һʯ߽ܵǰб֮⣬չ˫۷ֱһԲξ޶ܣӵƽ˵ʵ
Ҷ︺ֶ˫ʯܻصʮ߿ȫԳݣСһγζУ߰˳ߣСֻһߴСΪ
ħԳͷһʯᣬָ˫Ŀһɣһˣ
ħԳһûԾߣȴݺݵأ񱩵϶סʯ飬ָеʦֱײɽ֮ϣһ̲ࡣе쳤׷ɿɽ֮ϣ˿
ž
Ҷһָһοܣһ̧ԴʮϸСĿնÿһնһɳ֯סҪʦܳϺ󳾵ָУ¡
㻹֪ĵɴǶٶְɣָ֪ͣƲҶһۣ
֪ȥˣһôϻҶҲָһǰȥ
Ǹаҫģ㿴ϷҲĹˣͷỹ벶ȸں޴֮뷨ɣ
ȻǣڵȻᰡ
ȵô
ɣ
һְɣ
ţ


ʮ ȺȺսħԳ
ǳĿļҪγѪԴͬϸĽģͲûбѿħԳһһڴŴвϵķҰ˻
𣡡
ħԳŭһȫëɢɫħԳͷһе֮ϣƺҪ۳ʵ塣
ҫ˫ĿһУһֱ̤ͬħԳȥκ˫Ҳͬƴ
ٽҹȡ£ϥٷ˫ϥ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢գɢһּƣ·˶ƬȻ֮УԵù£Դ⡣
κ˫ߣ˫ȭգһɫĹĻ˫ȭûиҫһͬ𣬷ǵħԳ˫ȳȥͬʱҲŲԶҶʹ˸ɫ
ҶһǸںָڲͣİڶţʮʯܷ·𱻻һ㣬ȫɢȥ
֪ŵĿԼصƷǲҪֶٿصģһʹָ˲ԣͬʱҲԼ뵽֮Уһá
ɴʱҶȻҪֲٿأʵ˷ѽ⣬ѵνŰųһľţʵֻ˵ѣȻǣ
ſʦһأٿȫңأͽֲϣϣٶȣԣǱܴߣͨ߿ܵɱ
ʨЫ
Ҷָһһţ޴ʯܣͬƤһ㵯ħԳ˫ȥһһɣԭֱͻȻŵأ֫Ϊʵ׳ָָ⼫Ϊ״ʨ졣
һԲ׶ƽ״˲Ϣ֮˫Ķ֦ɵһĵβͣһЫģ
һ仯Ŀޱȣκ˫΢΢ͷ˫ȭΪĿ⣬ʱȭӰ죬Ǽķ֮񱩵ȭںϣɽ飬Ʋɵ
˪ȭ˪ۣ
аҫ̤߷ɸߣո̲סȶ֣ΪħԳľٶпʼе㷲֮ԼԼϲȡжȻˡ
ҫɽһ̤һ촫ɽڱһŵųһ߷Χİӡҫ˫һݺύǿҶֿ񱩵ͬ籩һħԳͷնȥ׺ݵâƺҪϹ޶⽴ι

κ˫ҫһһ£ħԳмлħԳʱȴһ˪ǣԵüΪء
ϣϣϣ
һѤĿĹâյ۾Ծ𣬰ҫħԳʸûУκ˫׺ĺȭħԳ˵ֱó涼磬Ҷܻأһ㱻׷ɡ
˶ˣħԳʵͨոյĺ˪ᣬ֮ǰǵ̡ħԳ±һǣûһ˿ķ϶¶˲˼ǣħԳһһô˳ͬһԳαһ㡣
ʱıħԳ˵ıȺиС࣬Ȼε˵ҲŽǰʮĴڣܴ衣
ԣħԳʼʩչΪϹž޵ıУڳɱƬײ
ħףħԳıУñᣬɾ;ֲ֮ףﵽƵĵزԿԳƵǿ֮ף
һֱԹ۵ĺɻе˼ƺ˵ŭħԳħ֮󣬱޵ˡ
޾ԣûûоƲ˵ĶܣûоԵסǹҵ֣ͽνǿ֮һΣ
ҫ£վһұ֮ϣͦأ˿ûбħԳŵ֣˵
һ䣬һԽԽңͬޱȵǣưθһ磬⼫֮ص¶ȶͣǡ
ҫĺ׳˵Ǽڳһ콾ǵѪټһ֮Щ콾ѷɫٵʵǵ̼õЩ֮ʶϿɡ
Ҷ߽ʦ㣬ǵͷѣͷֱԼߵļλˡ˵Ҳǣ£һľѪ䡢ǿаԸҲһޡ
ҫӿȣȼյѵֻٿһԾڵľ֮УһŭһξצĳħԳȥ
ƣɽ
ڴͬʱһֱĿĹ٣Ȼһ˫Ŀʵһֱ漴ʧΣһ˫ֻһƬĻӰͣĲŪңĿѡ
ʮ
ԭƬ֮쳣ĸ߿ңģƻֺ꣬·ǧڶħԳΧˡ
һֻоĳȣ磬ͬʱжħԳĿ־𽥵תȡ֮һֶκﶼηľ
ڱħԳĶȫôһˣƣ̶ģ֫ȵȸħԳ뷨Ţ֮Уٲά衣
ʮãԷֿʶһԼֿĸԼһģԼǿҵսʶ
ٵԽԽңʮĸӰ֮£˶·һ㣬Ե쳣˷ܣҫһƿ񱩵ƾħԳĲѣڹӰ죬Դһͷۻʲô߽ľٶ
ħԳȻһħǣƣȴҲ޼ѰħȻԵڵĹ翵Ķûа취ġ
οϹľ֮ɲֻ׸Чô򵥡κһ֮ʱԻ˫ҲûõģΪصԴëݵԣûа취зġ
ʱ˿̵Ĺ٣࣬˫Ŀʱʱľת˫ֿĲ˼飬ٵĲŪңҲͬһѪ顣
ڰҫǿ׵һ֮Ҳ׷һ뿪ԭȵλãϵ屦ƴ
ҫ׹֮ʣһƺƴĽģʹһ˲ԽħԳͷ˵֮ʣһֲ
ƴħͯӹľ߱Ƶ£磬ͬһ㣬Ѥޱȡ
ƴ˫һչһȦȦΧ˫֮תֻͣһ˫һʮ־ħԳıħ֮ϡ
ƴѸƲʼջǵ͹˱ħ׵ķǿħףǿЦġ
нħ֮һۼı¶ûУȫܷȥƴĿһ裬һ˫һӣ˫ֺʮнַ·ܵʲôһȫ£ƴͷ֮ϣٿһſ
ն
ƴ¶֮ɫһȣʮ˫ָ߸߾𣬶µħԳݺնȥʮȦĽҲӦ䣬ɽ֮ƣ֮͵նħԳļ֮ϡ
ǣ
ħԳϵħ׳һϸ΢Ѻۡ
~~~~~
ħԳ˫Ŀѳְ֮ɫŭһȭɽ֮˳ƺʮԱѹƵͣħԳֻǰֻ˵ԼС󣬸⽴
ֻһȭһ֮ʱǳ·ʲôסһ㣬Ե쳣Ľšеƴдϲһ˺󣬸ոԼ쳣ħԳһȭҲľѡ
ħԳֵĿԼѾͣٵֱּۣ򴦶һʵߣӺ󷽽ԼһȭǣסʹԼȭͷ
ħԳͷһʯܣֱ֮ϲ˼ޱȵߣħԳļס
ͬʱһ͸ߴԼһߵοܣɿħԳ£һϾ򣬱򿪣ִ޻߳ĽħԳһȲơ
ܾ֮ͺһž޴Ķһ㣬εĶסħԳһһţ˲䲻ĲסжΪ㣬ѡ
˫ӣˮƿأ


ʮ ȺȺսħԳģ
ħԳһһֱݺǯƣ˵ãжȴԵûޱȣͬʱҲӰģжΪ㡣εƣҲԽıŭŭ
ҶһЦʼոֶԵôݲȣƺеһоԼ֮УӢݣһʱΪ
񹭣˫㣬գ
Ҷһڰҫƴ֮ʣһԲξݷ̣ħԳԲ̱Եľҫ󺮹⣬ͬʱЩݿʼת
ޣװǻƣ
˹ϢָУҶģһĭҶҲֻƲһۣ΢΢һЦԵе⡣
ħԳһ۰Ĳƣô˦ûа취˦οܵοܷ·ţƤһħԳɫ˿ҲǳϵļͣʼûбħԳϡ
ݷ̣ޱȣ̼ԹιħԳħףһĦֻмĵ˵ݷ̲ûһ֮󣬾ʧȥ򣬷ܵɽڷٴζħ׽и
ǵˣһδεķݷ̵ٶȲͣļӿ죬ҲԽԽ͡ħԳֻһֱ۽ʶĵʵǱĺܡ
Ϣ֮ħԳϵħѾѺۣѺȻ󣬵ȴ쳣ɼ
飡顱
ħԳŭһһֱ۽̵ֱ۵ħϳѺۣһɽֱ۷ͬʱһâǰ
죬쵽ڳûܹ׽âĿ죬һħԳ˵ϸСļʸֱħ׵Ѻ۴֮գ۵ĹûУʮ֧ʸӵȫͬһϡ
һֲ˼Ŀ⣬ǰ볣ͬοܣеĹ֮ƣͣħ׵ÿһѺ֮
ݷⲻͣΣӦþҶе˫ˣ˶ҶǷǷĴ۷
Ҫʲôܴ־׵Ŀܣɶ칤Ҷ֮ԴԷš
ʱıħԳʲô̫ˣǲѾʶǱڵΣ
ħ֮ϣÿһѺ֮϶ʮöʯʸͬʱЩеѺܣѾ˴Ƭͬһѷ졣
ֻҪԼĶٴһ㣬ЩѺ۽ͬʱ飬ԼƤ¶⣬Ȼ䱾ƤķɺˡǣħԳڳÿһλʲôʡ͵ĵƣÿһֶƿƤ˺ı¡
ǺħԳܵǰδеƺ⣬ֵ֮ʱţȫŲֽţֻܱ򡣶ҶҲһ㣬ƾһ֮ħԳ
Ȼ⻹ȫļƻļƻҪǰʣϽѹ֤Լ˶Ҫǿ֮ˡ
ʨսţ󣡡
Ҷ˫һһ󶶶ԭѱ׷ɵʯʨοܣ֫һֻоһźӰһһڳʨοԾɸߣǱñ׾ޱȵħԳݺ˵ѹɽ֮ϡ
ţҶһοܷһһϢ֮仯һţοܣʨο¡ֻһɽضѣǼޱȵţǺݺݶħԳıħ֮ϣ絶жһ㽫䴩͸
𣡡
⾪һҲһζħԳʹˣˣˡ
~~~~~
ȸոոӾҵ˻˶һֺܲõĸоѹȡѪŭĸо֮ǰһμħԳʱҪǿʮ
ԣҶˣ
ҫָͬʱüͷһƣ˫۵ɵͭһ㣬ҶﺰҲͬʱһ񣬸Ҫջؿܡ
ǣΪʱ
䣡
ľ죬˵ĶĤֱ졣񱩵ľ磬ܺݺݹηɡһıƬƿ籩кȥ
зңԷ
Ҷﱩһ˫ۻԲһƽзһĿ֮ǰ˷߽˫οܣ̳ҶǰͬʱҲָлס
зοܺǿٷγһϣƬ˫Ϳվзĺڣһ˫ƵУмһʯ֮糵һתƬж
ҫһԾ΢΢ץԼߣ޷תʮɹӿޱȵĻ𾢣γһԲλ滤֣صܲ͸硣
ȻǲڰҫĹҪԱҲûʲô⣬ɰҫʶĹģޱȡ
ͦ˫ϥϵĹҶĿһ㣬ǣٿ鸡ڹǰתͨڹǰռ䣬һǿҵͬˮһ㵴
ǿʽܣ
κ˫ȭ£ԹأҲ·硣ƴⱬ䣬ħͯӹĻǿ쳣Ҹӵ˫飬صܲ͸硣
˶˹תȥǱ׵ƬһƬ֮ƹιֿ죬ͬ뷢ȳòˡ
Ϣʮӥ˱ѣ߽˲Ҹһ˫ڳ飬ȫƬʬƴħͯӹƣʮ˿ڳ֡
ҶܱǧٿףҲ̶ãܻԼãҶָıܼȱ첲ȣ̱һԡ
ǰĹ˺ۣҾϣ˫ֲѣһĲ١κ˫Լڹ߾Ҳûʲôˣֻ鲻
ҫϵ˿Ҳ٣˿ڲֶֻѣֻʧѪһ㣬ɫ΢԰סϢ鸡ʵ˵Ĳأȴ𣬿΢΢۲ѡ
ħԳޱȵĿɨܣһڰһؿڣŭһƺ֮ǰʱĲݺݵйȥ
һнħ飬з䣬Ⱪ滨һУʵڿֲ쳣ڳˡֻһУֱӰƣϹž޵˵
ħԳսɸ֮߰ǰһô򣬿˵ȫļǲбԣѪĿѰԼ
Ϊûεˣζ᱾ҪʬΣң
֮ǰײУͬըҩըӶ񱩵ըͬʱһŭȴ
ʮƽֱʣɾòˡʮֻƽգ磬ƷǷ
Ķ幦ʮʮƽ֮ƣпٵ֮֮ơٿնʮʮĻƽͬʱضɽҡɽϵʯ£ⷬǾ춯أħ
ŭˣŭαᣬαɣԼӵãЩСûĸεըѾǺкˡֻһ뷨Ǿǰֻ
ħԳ˫ȭһ棬ǿһ߳еķһŭը죬ս߿ޱȡ
ҫ˫ĿȻһ磬һϴһ˷ܵ΢Ц
аɣ


ʮ ǿħԳ
Ѿͷ΢΢ѹϾͿˣ
ţҫСģ
磬úýѵֻӣеҶʹˣ
ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷתϢѭ֮£ӿ˴ž㣬͵ĻܱڶȥƸޱȣȿ񱩣ԶԶȥ߳һƬһѤǷ
ڴͬʱȵĵشֻǰҫڣЩսˣҲ׷Ծϰա
ٵҹԶϣһ񹦹ڡֻ˫Ŀգ˫΢΢һϣڵӿ͸ƣƳףԵøĪ⡣
ƴٴν磬ڿնڰ֮У˫ּνӡʮ˫Ŀһһһ˫ͫȾɽ֮ɫȦչ֣Ʋڰҫˡ
κ˫ΪѩѱľŴ֮һ֮ǰıһֱ²ȴԲΪӦеʵʱҲٲ׾ˡ
κ˫ǿޱȵĺ˪֮ϯܣ¶ȶڲͣ½˫ȭɫĻڲͣ˸ܵĺգͬʱһЩ֮ǰıƬҲͬȡڻۺϽ˫ȭĹĻ֮С
ԭҶﱣָϢϣԼʦһˣ٣ԼҪԼͷҶﱣкܲζ
ָһͣӿȻʼƯִƣԽԽߣͬʱͼ䱳ۡ
Ծֱ֮ϣԾֱ棬ϣ֮Ϊãһʱ֮䣬ָе产ˡ
˼ͬʱڿգͬķλֱ𽫱ħԳȫͬһ˭ӿֵػһ㣬ռԼһգƽڽ˵ѾȫħԳѹ¡
𣡡
ħԳһƺ뱻ǰ⼸ֻѹѪĿͣǻ
ħԳǲ֪ͣҪƴˣԼľУǾ춯صļƣÿһе϶СˣԼҪʮ־ȥӦԡ
򣬽տܻڴ˴
ʱʧȥսѾ۳һšʮӥȥ˰ˣҶĿܻ˻߽ˡ
Щγɸ߶սˣҲ֪֮ȫۼһ֮ͬѵվս
΢΢ԼҸ˷ֿվһߣԽԽҵֿ˿ǧǣ˸ͣ
ƣٳǣ
ҫһȣ·ը죬ܻȫջڣͬ׹أ˫һһֱ֣ħԳ羪κһӿ̩ɽѹ֮ƱħԳ
ʮʮƽ֮ƣ龢
ŭһεˣݺݵܹȥ⾪һ𣬱ȰҫҪˡŭ֮ȭ׼ħԳȥһȭƺʱռ䣬ֻоٶȺܻԼйȴΣ·һȭ֮£жҪһ⡣
ģƣ
˫ĿĹԲͺһޱȣӿɽХƺֱħԳһƸһǷĸоʵ޻һƣ˵ȲðҫȴһļɵУ·һƴ˵Ĳ壬ꡣ
˪ȭռһʽѩ˪
κ˫˪ȭʮʽһȭκ˫ʱʩչһʽȭһȭʽȭ˪һʽȭʩչʱʮɵķΧڻ¡ֻ⼫֮κ˫ѹ˫ȭ֮ϣڽӴħԳ֮ٺݺݵı
ħǬַħңƣ
ʱ˿̵ƴͬһսһ㣬¶ĸ첲˫ȻǹͺͺԴϣͣĳһɫ·ԵޱȡĽɢҵĽ⣬Ҫ˵˫ϹȦķɳ˳ƴ˫ֿնħԳ
ңƪʽң޼
ָαļΪģİͼΣԾָʧÿһԾȻָеΡָһΪˣ̩޼ָ˵Ӱ֮ƣֱħԳȥ
𣡡𣡡
ħԳɽ֮Ĺƣ˫ȭ棬ӴȻʼͣСһ羫һΧ·裬ħԳСһɸʱܵȫ壬˱ȥ
飡
ħԳֱһȭȦֵ֣ƬݺݵĹιħԳı۰򣬶ʱѪĽƴһȭȭɣѪ͵
飡
ħԳһȭ˸ӲӲͬڵһ㱻ɣħԳı۰ԭֹγ˿ڣʮѪ쮳΢Ĺ
䣡
ҫǿֲ׵ƾκ˫ǼȺ˪ıȭֱħԳı䣬ĺħԳǿֲʣһѪħԳˣˣ˵Ļᡣ
ħԳŭұ۹ѻʮɼǵ˿ڣ޷ãһɨܣʮ紵𣬽ҫκ˫ɣ˱ⱩˣϴһѪ˽¡
ոջ˰ҫκ˫˵ħԳϢĻᶼûУָٵĹɱˡ
˵ָУֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ָѾħԳȫϰٴѨλĵطħԳһϣٴοѪԾħԳͷǷһƣʵʵħԳͷħԳı龹ȻһͣɢľȻ
~~~~~~~~~~~~
ħԳ˫ȭݺݺأһֱʮɵľ޿ӣ񱩵˽ָݻ٣ָƷɣɻ¡
ٱħԳǾ춯صһ𿪣Ǻ֮ǿ¹߿Ѫڽˣ΢΢£˹ˡ
ħԳ˫ȭʹͷ­·ʲôͷڣʹ಻һ˫Ŀ˿ҫٵķ˫һһԾʮɸߣ·ԾʧȺɽ֮С
ˣϹžޱħԳ˴ˣ
ʱ˿̣˶һǲ֪ħԳΪʲôҪ룬ʣȫսֻ˶ѣħԳȻˣҪɨ˻ǿ԰쵽ġ
ȻħԳˣ÷˶֮ǡ
ݣ
ʮӥӥ˻ûлع֮ʣԷ֮ǰֳӥצǺݺݵץȥ
״ķɽӥߣݺݵȥӥæ֣һƬӰ֣ҶЫοص£˫ɨɽɨɡ
ҶЦһ˫һڣָ΢ʣܷɿǰΧȥֻոտʼٿؿ֮ʱĹӰͬŭҶ֣Ƶĺ߲òһߣһ߿ƣܵĶʱɬޱȡ
ҸӣХֳڳһԣҶ׷ʹ򣬶ɻһչͳǱϵЫοܡ
˺ħԳҪʼǵսˡ


ʮ Ҷ뻨δ
վͨһħԳ壬ָдأҸӱǣƣٴҫʱҲѻظ״̬ԷôսڣƲֹءеİӼƻͳͳãҲֻñʵȥһˣһпɣ
ЦҡҡͷǰǻޱȵսҶĿڸҸӶţʱʱҪȥǣȴֱ߽ʮӥ赲߽ʣʮӥʣԱߴĲֺ
ڵ˭ǣ˭ղ֣һ˷ִ磬ȻԼļƻӦȫزˣôҰһ㣬ֱӶְɡ
㣬΢΢һϣ΢΢ģޱޱǣ֣
΢΢ԣڹٴҫǶҪػŶκأҪŶ˸΢΢СԴЦЦص
ǺðɣǧҪСŶ
Ļ˻΢΢Ƿ۵Сع˫۵Ѿȫʧȡ֮䡣
ߣ£Ҫ̫ôߣǵƾһõ֣ȥɴҷӥ޼ɵǶһ壬ƽΣ
ʱʮӥ߽ʣļ˼ս˵Ҳ֣߽Ůһҧгݣ񲢲ǳǶȥһ쳣ɱǳʮӥģ·ʲôѪƵá
ʵʦзԸ˵ͬòҲǿֻ˵ûԵˣԹҲԹأ
߽ĴʦЦһеͬһŮӵ񣬾ȻһּΪԾ͵Ľâһǰ֮ƣʮӥӥαˣòǱ
Ȼʦи룬ӦأҪҷӥҪǺ⣬ҷӥ˲ɣ
ӥЦһ˫ӥצѸޱȣһϢ֮ʮӥצ̽һƥĽâ顣Ȼâ飬ں󾢲ĽЦ˫Ѫڲѡӹ˵ЦҪһ
ŪˣЦҷ߽ʮӥ˽˶Թ޹ء㻹ǵǰʮӥ·һׯΪһ˲Сײһ£٣ʬ׹ڴſڱʬô
Цһһһأβһ㣬ὣһն׿磬ЦһƵмܣֻٶܿؿȻһ˵Ѫ
ΣҪɱˣ߽ɱ˾ˣǶŮӣһմѪʮӥٶ١һѰˣײɱҲɱˣּëƤҲܣǷ߽ܵҲ̫˵ɣ
ëƤѰˣĹε޳֮ͽɱ߽ף˴Сɥ׺ĽǴǸҪȥ˼ѣ׾ͱɱͽҷ߽ʮӥݣ
ݣ
һŭȣ˸۵Ѫ˿ҧгݵŭһҪĳʮӥɱȥжԹأǲ֮֡
ߣ浱ǼСƤͳԶʮӥɣ
Цһ˷ʵݱɿͻȻչС꣬С귶ΧСĿֻʮӥ߽սķΧ
Ц¿С꾪ĲУǲ꣬һƬϸ롣Ƭݣ˸оһ㣬Ǿжöʵǿޱȡŵôװôవġ
еŮ·һ㣬裬ÿÿӶһֱۣͻǿзɳϵ֡
һµ̣ǰѶŲˣʮ˲ڻݣȫî˾з
߽Լе񽣣ҲʧֻˣʮӥͲˣһĹ򼸺һ˫ϣһӴֱ꣬ӾȫءЩ벢ǱϿȥôȫƿѽ
ЦΪ˫ͷˣһҲ˵Цģصܲ͸硣ȡɽɣ˫ͬʱʩչӰʧ
֮ǰڶսħԳ֮ʱɽĪʽʹ߽ǲʹֻ֮࣬˶˵彣صʦ֮á
еĵĿһһŶصȵɱ֣ĵʮֵ
һ˫ذڶƻȴһµУ˫ݺύ֮ʣˡ
ľ裡ѩ룡˫ϲѩ޳
һͺȣЦŵƨֵķѾܳͻȻĹ켣΢˱仯ͬеһ㽫˲ƣѾǵͷ£ǲͣΧŶˣ˷Ǹǡ
ЦʩչԱжʵǾĪ˵뷨һ¡
ѩѱʥŮ֮ƣȻһˮֵûУ˵״̬㣬״̬ʮ㣬ҲδؾĶ֣
ɶ迴ˡԭΪǸƿӵܸŶʶһѣû뵽Ǹʦӱϻ׺Ĳ˰Ц亹š
İ಻˳ɽؽ˫ӶֻҪδ٣ظãԴԴϣĶ
˫ϲ˪ѩ꣡
żһ㣬ն˫һڵğo˪ӿһѹƲ΢ü˵Ѹ͡
ʱеΰγ֮ƣ˳ȥҪ˺ݺݵѹ
߽֦ͬѾˣԼĴ͸£ŮȫԮͬмܣ΢΢ͷ΢֡
ЦߣȫǺ˱ˣǵ˼ոĶԻҲһЩЦֲױ֮֮Աǡ
Цп֪Լʣʦ֮ǰĵһֹ˲εӰֻһӭǿ籩һ롣
һϢ֮Ц浹أ²ϰ֧룬Ҳþȫűסƻᱻɷú
л飡
ȫ޵ĳ˹֣֪Էˣ³ҲЦõȥ
˵ͷ૵˳ɽȰɣˣŸɱǹͶ߲ˡͷҲأֱǶȥ
飡飡飡
ХеڳĻ磬ҶЫοܶ£Լ߲Զ֮ʱݺݵҧҧ˵ʥŮ£ȡǣХס߿ܣ
ХһǳԵı̬ȡνƥرԼȻ޸ܣǸɴͳ֮˫ַ׵ˣܵõѩѱʶ׬⡣
Х컹ʶʱҲԸ˵˵һºң
аԽԽ죬˫һҸһȸᣬıǣѱյķֺպÿԻǣǣ֮Խȡߡ
ԶҶüͷһ壬̾ϢҡҡͷԼãɻģʣľ߿ܣһͱɻȥһߡھʣǵġЫԼɻƴġŮħܡοܣԼԵˡ
ǣ
ǿȸ˳ǣҪȡ֮ʱһɿֲľϮȭͷ׺ݵĺԴȫûϧĴ㡣
Σֻܷˣ֮˫۽עǰʮӰ
վǰĹͷ޺ѿЦСޣдã͸ѩѱһ治Ϊ㣬ȥɣĻֻܳɱѽ
ԲӣǧǿɲǶдðѵûôҪҶ֣նˣƽΣ
ƴٴγ֣ÿ˵гϵĶʮ˵ĴڣһϢȣ֮ž¶ûһѰ֮
λǰ˵Цˣ˵ر󣬻˭һΪ֪أչһЦԵüΪţ
Цʱ˿̣ʵκһѹһͷƾʲô˵Ļʲôʸ˵Ļǲ֪ôƴЦ
λŵĹͷǰ֪ƾ˵ʵʸأ
һӰƮҫǰͬʱߵĻй١΢΢ָСŵ쳤ϣԼѩѱκ˫
ҫƴ΢΢һЦԵú׺ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬰ҫıͺڱϷƵãޱȣ޶һ㣬˲
ֻˣڱտںɱСүҽͿɱ˭


ʮ ս֣ذֵܣ
֮ǰ
ƴʯŤŤӣ֫ǵʹ类ʵҹһ㣬üѣ֮ǰԼʩչ֮󣬱ħԳֱһȭɵȺɽ֮䣬ɳʮ֮Զźݺ׹䡣
ƴվʮˣΪ׵ŮͽһͷɫĳȻ֮ǰɥҫ֮˿ҲŵĺԮ
ͭɱʹɷɱʹƮҡ
ƴӹ˿һöҩ΢΢һЦҩ£ϥʼ˹Ϣҩ֮ЧȫƽԼŵĹ
ҹָ֮Ǿȥɱǹ汦ҪУ
¶Ϲᣬѣ
ƴԼ˺֣ͬ鲻ֹǷһߵ
ĴʮձҪ֣˵ɱˣ񣡡
ּ

ʱ˿̣ȵĴսԴﵽȻĳ̶ȣƴ˫ӽʮңȴҫ˶൱
ҫٶսκ˫ӭսƴ쳤ָԼ΢΢ƾ֮㽫Ƕ˴Ķʮ¸ҧס
ʣµҶʮӥ߽Ϊͣ
䣡
һȭɰҫǿֲ֮˫۾ʹѵ۵죬Ȼֹ۲˶ѣ״̬̫Ӱ졣
⻹Ϊҫ츳ڹǽ֮£ӲӷһȭˣѰ߼ˣ
Էʥ۷壬벽ľ磬бȰҫʮڹΪһ涼ѹҫһͷ˫ʵʵ̫ˡ
СӣȻӲӱһȭˣһ֮лѰ˳ʸڱϣ
ͷһЦҫԽѪ뱩Űһ棬һͬһ㣬˵οĲ˼飬̼׷ϰҫ
ڵ񱩲ѣǧʱȭ£ÿһȭľڳŵڵ㺧ˣĳŰҫȥ
ҫŲһȣȻҲһ˲䣬ٵĳڰҫǰֻ˫۷תһһǰһУռ֮һȦȦͬˮưɢ
ܣأ
ͬȭͷʵʵĺ֮ϣԭΪ⿴ƿռᱻԼ顣˭֪Լÿһȭȭţ뺣һ㣬ΪΡ
Ǿżҵˣ
ٵܣŵͨһƵʽжͨ˫۵γһţййй֮Чβơ
ļ˵ǾżҵĿұ죬ֻһұ޷ֺţ֪ٵݲ֡絶ûлشʻֱһİҫԸ߸Ծ
ҫ˫絶ŷնȥͬ°նâ񱩶ȣ磬Ƽ֮ң·ˣҪû

ãСǲаӣò˵һ䣬䣬ǣǵδᣬԣֻһ³Ǿǣ
Цϣ˫ֶ׼ҫǵصĵâݺһ˺ͺ˺ƥһ㣬ǿ͵ľ罫â׾ٵĴɢצεİеİҫ³ʮ˺ۡ
ɾһ˲䣬һ㣬ҫɲһڸ˻һǻĹ١
ٵãһ˲˫Ŀ֮ǰľ΢ģʵʡ˫ĿͻȻԻһƬգ֮ʣһָֽԵüĴָƥ·ܹƿһϰһ㣬ɵĴ
ָ
˫üȫ֮ƺܾ֮ȻֱһͷӲٵĽָǿֲľӲƿнָ
ٵĽָһӴü֮ʱаһãΪָ⴫ĸоԼĲһ˵ͷ­һΡɽеָȫѹȵһɶָǾʹѵоҪһ㡣
ɾڴʱһȵļӱĴһ񣬸æ񹦽ģ£ϤĲϤͷûؾ֪˭ˡ
ԴôȻͷ­Ǿͳȫ٣ҵһָѵɰ׳գ
Ը
ҫһһͣת񹦽ҫľģ£ϰҫӣһֹʱٵĽָָ쳣ңոոᲢָۣ֮ǿȻɿ⡣
סΣüĴѪ£ԴһͷĿѣһУֱӾͻͷѪĴۣ߳ŭ˫۴ǿҵɱߺĶŰҫٶˡ
ֳսѾȻĽ׶ΣҫٳϾͼΪĬֵκ˫Զһƴ󶷵ѽѷ֡΢΢Ƿָ쳤϶˵Сһʱ䣬Ƕʮġ
УôȥҲǰ취κ˫Ǹ쳤ϣ֮ǰһʵӲҪֲСֻҪ˲סƴǾܿճֽ֣˫סֻսپȰѶõ˵ǴΪ£
תһ뷨ֻҵĹȡ£𼦶ϥ֮ϣֽԶϵıֱȻһҡ
һ̶ļը죬һȴֻƴ˵ģ⼸ʮˣͻȻоԺ׻һ㣬ʹѣһĸشʹƴ˹ֿ
ɫ԰ףԶ֮ٵûԹҲԣΪֻӲͷƤȥԡһǳɵ⾳֮ٺһ㣬һ
һ֣ԽԽңҲԽԽ߿ƴ˲ʲôľٶڴʱǴȥ
һȦȦǰƿȴκ˫˪ȭֵһЦ֮еĿȸɳһ֮óھ֮ϣա
ɱʹƮҡһͬǰᣬȴָһСΣʮĴ쳤ϵĴסһһС󷨣Ūǽͷö
ۿɷеһλҪѾУȴ΢΢һʯҷɳȥ΢΢ĻХȭ绢쳣һǰɷıͷܡ
һߴǰǳȵͬһ𣬾òϢҫУһƬ⴫֮У⼫֮ȻûϨˮڣҫʹ뾫
Сӣ֣
һŭȣһȦ˹ٵʹ͵ĿȳһѪһ㣬գ۲ʱԳڰҫǰƼ׺ĺҫ
꣬ң
ٵһ𣬱ȲǰԾը졣һֳڣǳһĶУ˲ʧأ·һҪӰˤ䡣
һ壬ѣŭĿԲеƾͽݺݵǰȥǣǰѲǰҫǹ١
һƽʵʵĺڹٵ֮ϣһ֮أڳ˶˼ԵĹ֮һڿѪѪҺ֮лдһЩңͬڵһȥĲԶ׵¡

ҫ˺ѷεĺţڵת£׷ȥɲ֪ô£·ҪùƵãʼղŰߵľ롣
٣ܲܽҵٰ˧Ӱ
ǣѧģ
٣񹦺Ȼģκڹʽ˭İ
£
٣ǱŸ˭ǷٰʮƵãѧѧңЦһ۹
𣡡
٣޸ĸ㸸ĸ˫ѵֵܰˣӽԺֵˣҲһӵֵܡһ㲻ԾôŶһ
еĹ٣ʼҫĹʧ룬Ƶ׷Լİҫ΢΢һЦ
ذֵܣ㣬ң
ٵһƺҫƾļһ壬ʹðҫһͣ׹£΢Цʧڰҫǰ
~~~~~~~~~~


ʮ ħѪɱǣ˭֪أ
ҫ˫Ĺڵأһ˵ľܹύһЩ־ͬϵֵܣ¹¶Ҳһȥܹ֪ȥػ
ֵ֪ܣԼΪԼҫԴһƬհףӵһμٿʼһֱ׹£һĻĻĳĵΧתȦ
ʱҫһ˶ƲԼĶ֣ɿĴܵҫߣ˿£ֳ˳ʧǵİҫǰ̾ϢһĬվһԡ
ҫ磬Ҫѹˣٴ缴ʹƽﲻ˵Ͱ㵱ֵܿˣҲˣ
֪ôȥοҫźãǷ·סı飬ʵʹѣֻվڰҫϸ˵
Ѿͷ֪ôһҹٸ˵ñѰһһӣ飬ֲ赭Ҳңڡ˵ϲ̫ڣҲϲ˶ࡣֻң㣬ָǵĻеСڣǿԳܵأ
ҫĬĬƶ׼׹£дʵߵĻδһӰӶûѰô뿪ˣΰֵܣһ·ߺãĴҸ㿸ˣһѰ
ҫȭһؿڣٻɢıᶨͬʱ˫Ŀ΢գһ
ͺ¿ɱֵܣ˳𲻹죡ҫվҪǰƤǣңһйͷ֮ޣ
һŭվĺ·һ㣬ըȺɽ֮䣬һ㣬ƾޱȡ
ߣ֪ߵغСƾǵ΢ĩʵҲҿڳԣҪǲǣҪƤǵ㣡
ҫӥչһϰգֻ˫һչµ쳣ӿеӿϵѭ߾񹦵ǰѨλԽԽҡ
еİҫͬһ㣬ƼΪˣ޷תÿתһȦ֮һС죬Ʊһ֡
Ȧ֮ͷͬӥһٶҲͬˣ֮Զľ룬գ۱㵽
ҫ˵빦Դ㣬ĹؿڣҲĽŲһ壬Ĺͨ龭Ѩλǻ֮ǰҪʮֹڵͺԴԴ֮һӿ
ǻɫڲϵļӳ졢Ѫ졢졢ȻһֵϺ֮ɫ
еİҫֱð·Ҫĳ⣬ƤѪ֮ɫ쳣˫ĿϺ֮ɫͷͬһ㣬趯˵ʵںޱȣݺݵľһڳˣʹԾļӿ
ԾָоСӲħ˰ɣ
еһ˫ĶŰҫܵ¶ȿʼͣߣ֮类ˮ̹һ㣬˸оڲѣм١
ͺ¿Ұҫ㽫նɱڴˣԼֵ֮ܵ飬ɣ
ڳ˶üͷҫŭȥܹ죬ڵƵĵȷȷǿƥȻֶħĳƽ
ͺħһ㡣
ҫ˫һһƣһͬ׹أ˫ƺݺݵĺϵͬηӿ
ƣٳǣ
Ҳͬȫ֮ڲϢֲף֮֮һ˫ȭͷ·˫һ㣬˳ƺƥ
䣡
˶ԺˣǾκһˣߵȫɣվȽŸܣɿˣݺݵıһһ˲ɳʯϵĳͺˮһɢ
ҫӰڵһ㱻ɣ֮˫ŵ滮ʮײſͣס۴ĿġҫϥأѪ˫ۺǲޣڵѪƽϢ
ԼͻƵ֮ȫһɲնɱкǲʡ
Ȼ⾪춯صһУҲ޹صĿҫһѪĶںͷ֮У˫ŷǳϸ΢Ķ
Сӣ㻹е㱾죬ƾɱ»ԹԵĽǣ߳
еѪ£ЦԼǿ϶ģƹƻСȻĿһ亹ԼȫΪոҪǾ˰֣ԼܲҰܵ
ұģռᣬǿҫѩѱôҪﱻѩѱõѵǿɣ
κ˫ǰҫָеҲæǰտҫơ
ߣô֮࣬ǱҪˣСǲҲøҲø˭һɱ󣡡
ƣκ˫ҲֺãǰһסҫЦأǱѩѱĵ̣ɲǴأҲ̳գҲѻ£ҫѩѱˣҿ˭Ҷһë
ʱָҲǰһĺȵ붯ֵܣȴʬ̤ȥ
΢΢Ҳǰҫ󣬱棬˼Բ
˫ĿһУ֮ɱȻǲΪҰɣٸһλᣬÿ
ҫվ˿ҡͷЦҪ˵ָбȴϵʲô˵ˣҲͬΪֵܣٿֵܣָͬԣ
ҡҡͷץסҫ֣ҲҪһ飡
΢΢קקҫ½ǣ˵ҫ磬΢΢£΢΢ᱣģ
ҫ˵ˣһƬȣֵˡ
ҵˣȷĶ֣ǣѩѱϵĵΪҵȱģҪˣǴ˳ȥܿסѩѱĸ֮𣿡
ҧгݣҲеĲϾ˵ӰȻҲѩѱһһ˫ʵĲͬնġ
ѩѱҪڣȻһףҲ̫ľĽݷ򸾶˾ͿԺɨˡǣˣΪͷϻһֲĴڣ˼ҿ˰
ҪˣֻҪɱˣٰƵħԳͷϣĽݷҲ֪ɵѽ
ƴʱüͷһƣȻʣһ֣ЦݼɭȻѪ֮еɱ糱ˮӿ
ƴ󣬺ɣƳ޼ɵһ룡
ɽ
ƴͬʱɭһЦ˵ͬһȺ׵СƵã˿Ƕ˵ȴڿɵƵá
С˵Ż˭أѩѱĵϺɱǷˣǳıӵˣǰɣ
ŭƴ˵˽ŵװ嵽ͷеĺëŵ亹£˫ԵͬԼ建عûŵӡ
ٰ߳߱泤ٿǰһ֮ÿһѱ潣ɢĺ֮ǽ֮ʮԶĻָ̌쿪˵Ρ
ôɱǣһƸħԳǵĶͷ˾Ҳ֪ҸɵĿ˵ǲѽǺǣ


ʮ 
࣡
ƴ󶼺ݺݵһĭǰİٰѺ߳߱泤ǲҶǴ۾գһ£ԼʲôĶǵĽٽ뷢ɸӡ
ǸСͷظظո˵ǾɱǣƸħԳҲ֪
ƴʧɫ麹ͣоԼ඼©һģĽаЦֲЦݡ
Ľݵ¸ոһʱʧԣҪְ¡
ظظɱǣƸħԳҲ֪
Ľ˫Ŀ΢΢һУ΢Ц˵
ƴһҧһᣬֵĽǰƴʧԣǰ𷣣
пǰƴʮ˴ʺһ飬ֱӶֲôӲҪô鷳
Ľ˵ͷɭȻЦܺãСͷͦйҾ
Ļֱ̌һţʱٽ뷢ķƴʶı˫ۣˡҪҲֻܹԼֲˣĽץ˸ţҲֲˡ
ۣۣۣ
һ·ţƤƵ춯ǾҵѪ֮ʼͣƴȻ˫ۣǷԼû
ǣƴɷƮҡԼĴʮգʮȫٿף
ĽʵֵĽʲôǿʲôвɵУʲôвࡣͨʵǰƴоԼСֻһ㣬ԷֻҪһָͬʱ
ȥǵӣ˵ЩĽɱģҪǲǾĽһǾʹ򵽷Ϊֹô
Ľ˵ɱ֣˵ľͺҪһ㣬ͬʱȭһǱӻԣĻ֮ǰԴҫɷɱ
ˣɣǰ۵ĺܣ
һ䣬ƴǿ񱩵ɱѾѹҪϢ˵ľ쳣ѹֻ֣뾡ֳһӶٴȥԼᱻɱƷ衣
ڶ˷·һ뿪֮ĽƲһҶ¶ˣЦȻǧ˵ôЩСһͶȥɣǵʦʺãѩѱǳӭͣ
ҶҲεһЦĽʲôݣѩѱĵһ⻰л
ǣͬ˼ѾǿˣҲǸԼһ棬Ļ˵³̫ܲá
ҶµҲ뿪ǻԹȥʮӥˣĽ˵۶ûƹֱߵҫǰЦɵŸǻ̳
ѩѱ汦֮ĻĽǿƵǳðҫ˰Ȼ顣֮ЩССɣӺҸе֪֮Ҳֻ顣
Ҳû취飬ǧǰҫ˻ģûаֵˮ֡ҫǴѩѱȻͳΪѩѱ֮ҲҲȥ˵ʲôлΪûӡ
£ȻƽϢǰҫȴȴڱ𽥵ĴǶĺҲָ֪ʹǿΪ֮Ҫҫѩѱùϵ⴫ҫʱĴ
Ӷ±ڶɣ֪˰ҫͷǵˣ⼸֮ҫ¼дݣԼصƣò˼죬ҫᱻ֪ˣΪеһǡ
պ峿ҫϥסݶ֮ϣڵľߣÿϵ˵ûһ̵иԼʵͻͽҲ˿ûʲôɽ
ڲ뽭֮ԼԼʵԼЦ԰ҫҲûһ˿и
һҫڵջص֮ڣݶϷ£Χ·ѩѱĵǣŮĽ뾴η
ϾҫѾˣҲ֪ҫ£ʵȴݺݵ˦Ǽֿ⣬ܵǵҲӦõġ
ȻΪĹϵѾ֪ĴŴ£Ľݷ򸾵ǿ֮£Ҳû˷ԣҫΪĽ׼Ůݼǰ˾ŲʮˣܵǵļҲͬӦõġ
ĸҫλ밲ˣ֪кηԸ
ҫȭƺʵڱĽݷ򸾶ʮǵԹϱ֮Ļġҫ͵͵ƲһĽݷߵߵɫǸӣƺھʲô
Ľ΢Цŵ˵ͷݳһŷ⣬Цҫ㲮ĸ飬ȫͨˡô㲮һ£͵ʱ㿼飬ҪͨˡֻҪ֮Ǿֱɣ
ҫӹŷ⣬٣ԼĹϵȫҪΪԺˡǿıƺô㲻Ȼ
ҰŽĹ˾ͽϣɿˣˣֻһȥܸһ飡
ҫһ£ˣΪʲôıˣҫʵΪΣ
ĽȻЦ˵ŵ񹦟o˪ؼδ㡣
ҸҲֻǰ¶ѣѾӦѹءǾһʱ䣬úʵһɳ֮Ǳϡ
ͬʱĽҲ΢Ц˵ҫҾôһŮòؾۣû׼֮ǰǲһеģϣܹף
ҫ̾Ϣһ˵ͷĽݷ˵ûҲ÷ȭ˵ģҫὫţֽ˾ͽУ
ĽĽȻʶһЦ˵ͷĬͬʱ뿪ˣֻʣҫˣɵɵĶš
ҫ磬ʵҪģҲΪҲ˼㿪ڣõ˵ġǿøǿҲڿı飬ȴΪҲҫ磬ϣס
ԴָͣĲţҫ΢΢һЦСԴЦɵѾͷҫֲôúĸĸ֮һжҪָһõĻԵҫҲŬǻػ˴ˣǵֳΪеɾ£ͺĵһ㣬Ϊһμѻ
ҫĻո£˫Աϣ˫ԼһѩƮ䣬˫ԣʤգࡣ
ŮҪְûأˣôҲҪҹѽ㲻Ҫңȥǣ
ϰɵУĽȻצĿţߵĽ亹ͣ΢Цק
ĿŰҫԶȥҫعͷ΢Ц֣ʵжǷǳˣʱķֱֻΪ׼öԺӸȶԺ·ܹߵĸӵȻ


ʮһ Եδϣ
ҫҲ̫ص˰ɣֵܵİҪ쳤ΪҲܸͬһ·
ָУʵûʲô壬ֻͽ˸УǶǽˣֻҪ֮У²ô
ָпһò֦֮ϣһеľƣ΢Цſµİҫеľƺһףҫֽ̧£һں˸ɾͷЦ
ǽټ

ȹȵףƯһ̶֮ϣһ˿˿ĺͣĲŹٵ壬ʱ֮󣬹ٶȻ˫ۣ񾫹磬ͬһ㣬ֱʡ
֮͵ĿȳһѪ˿İļ̌ͷ˿Ǹ߲ʵ±ڣа̾ԼӲȵǧ֮ߣȻԼ
ˣˣ첻ѪһţϷĴں
һЦĹٵĶĤʹޱȣ漴һĿ罫پ𣬽ݺݵĳһɽٸ޷֣ãֻɿ
붴Ѩ֮ǺڰĿռ֮Уһǳһ¶һͷ׷ݵߣΡΡĳڹǰ
СһڽˣҲѵɢıԵһصĲأǷ϶ˣϷĻԵ
˫üһȭʵ֪ǰôƺ
ͲǵˣϷǰŽ~Ѫ~~~棡СһӦϷŰɣٺ٣
˫Ŀһ󾫹ɭаЦֱĶŹ١

߾ɽһεľ޴ѨУ˺۵ıħԳʯϢʱħԳʵƣӣ֮ǰȺս͸֧
˵ħԳռϷ磬ɱȺ˾˳ɵˣһȺǸ˲С˺
Ҳо޵ίԼһĺӲǱԼ˷ӡ˾߳ңһЩֶζʹò
ĻܵľԲħԳЩûһӵóɣͬʱսڷַ֮ڽ
Сףɣ
һº͵**ħԳȻ˫ۣһӳڡ
ǶڴһһϮۣƮݣüĿټ信꣬ЦеĿ쳣ӴıħԳ
ħԳƵã걼ȥ鷢ˣħԳһͱСһ֣ȵǰʱѾһֻë׵İɫСģɰʱΣ裬Ʊˣ׺ƥģȻ޴档
ħԳ˽ĻУһ˫˫תɫһ˿˿Ứֱ죬Եúίƺ뱧Թ
֪ίˣĲȥ㽱ԹԵİ
΢ЦűСħԳֻŮ˻ҪƯֲͣĸСħԳë漴СħԳϵ˺ʧӰ١
ǵˣƤëɢһ󵭵⣬Ȼ֮ǰСٱһȴ֮ǰսʱǿʮֹ
ħԳмĳؿڴ䰡ģһֺ˵ģҲˣողе֮ǰӡĺ⿪
ϣ
һ߿ӥһ񱩻ֳƲ㣬ɢһֻչ͸ߴһɿľ޵ͷ
޵ɢëɳ֮ɫǳɫ˫ĿޱȣϿٲȻһַеİζ
޵˫۽˫һչһӶһ걩ȥǿҵըȺɽ֮䣬ܶȻγһȦܷĴƼ͡
һֱ¶΢Цڵľ޵񣬾Ȼܣô˫ۣЦӭ޵һ˫£ٶȱ֮ǰֿһǿķѹƷ̩ͬɽһ㣬ѹȶȥ
긺ֶž޵ԼȫΪǸЦеģǿֲķѹڽӽһɾʱ㱻ȥΣܵĻľûаֵĶһжԵô͡
޵ͷ֮ʱһӿĻðǣһգ۵Ĺ򣬻ʧһͷȸһСĳɫСͣļϣǼСĲӣԴѧСħԳӣͣĲꡣ
Ƥ
ħԳ޵仯ͬһ½еϹŶƻŵӣ޵ͨ쾳硣
ֱ仯͵Ĵڣָ֮Ĺ𼸺ǲܱǶ˼˾ųɾŵĿǳЩ޵ĸв͡
ɿħԳ޵ģȻһֳ̬׵׵ı꽵
겻ȥЦֵֻݣĿĿԶ˫ɣǵ˫ۣƺһУ·ֱ˿ռľһ㣬עԶǸݣ߱ݸԶһ
СһĲҪٽ

ԭ߾һСׯׯ֮УеĴʧһɶһЩèûһֻĴڡ
ְصʵԵùޱȣմûδ֪Ŀ־Ȼ
ڴׯĴһڲ֮£ƴ˫ϥأĵͷ­亹ѣޱȱ΢Ĺһǰ
Ե쳣ɲ⣬Ա۸ǣͬʱһֹģУԿܵκζȴΨܸһʣܲʵڣõĸоȴʮ֪
ֹӲ֤˺˵ǿ󣬴ƴǫУֵ֤˺˵ȨƣҪڶ֮ϡ
ߣʤ֣Ҳǻңĵ֣֮󼪣бӦĽҲȲڿɺã͵ʴףҪΪϵаµĴƻʡ֮ˣһն
¸лϲɱ֮ͬʱͷ˵
˵Ůֲϲŭһֳֳһĺߣħضָ
ѵƵöŶ˺ѵţƴһԼں绽ĴڣȴҴɺѵ⣬һּǫ̬ȥܺ˵Ľ̻塣
Ǿķȥú÷ʡȡ´Ҫʧܣǣ
лϿҵҵȱػᷢͼǿմѱϲɱ֮
ƴ뷨˿ʧ֮Уһ˫Ŀɢ󾫹⣬һޱȵ
ãһҫסˣаҲסˣ


ʮ Եδ£
Ů񣬱عһҪֿ˳Ϊʹ
ѩѱ̳һ֮Уϥ˫ĿգʹƤ֮ɢŵĺ
ĽǿƸնԶ׼ıģһɫ˿߲ϵĴָܳıš
֮䣬һŲͣɢϸСľ壬ٿն˸⣬ƺڵȴʲô
ϴ˪޼ͬңɣ
ĽһͺȣֻƱӿޱȵĺžΧѹ漴屬ϸСƬЩƬͬһϵһ˴Ѩ
üͷһ壬ϴһ΢УҲ޹ʹʼĬĬşo˪֮ǰڶһ
վǰĽȻ˫Ŀһֱӽ͸ӣڵľѨλĳǰ
ϸСƬľڽ֮ȫڻϡҺ壬ЩҺ忴ȥ٣֮һûУȴĴ󣬽оѨλǣҺ岻ͣĳˢ
Ľջƣȴɱ˫ĽȻߣ΢ĵʵ磬ھͰǧǴ뱦Ůڣ᲻̫ˣľܹܵô°ɣ
Ȼոڰע뱦ŮʱһȥǵĻͿԳõĶԱŮľ֮ԱŮʱʵѾȫԽİɣŮѧҪʮʱʵ˹ӦȳȥɣҪŵ
ĽסĽȻļһ߰οһȥ뿪֮һһֻɫСԳһֻɫСǰЦĿŶˡ
ĽȻĽ΢΢һ㶣ȻЦ۾ٽһЦϥأͬ˵μǰǰ踣죬˫޵Уͨĺݡ
ͣͣͣС˵ͣ£ÿô˵ҴѪҪʲôֱ˵ˣͱˣ
ĽȻĽչһЦЦɭɭЦëȻЦĲ⣬ЦƷĻŲѡ
ܼһҪǱŻٴεóˣƷ쳣ᶨš

Ͽʥɽλ֮֮ͣʣ̤ʥõɽš
˻ǵ죬Ȼɱ¾ʥõĵӣҪ˻ɽﻹڽϻôվնˣ֪ǳߣʲôܡ
λʥõĴʦﻰû˵֮ʱһƽɨʺЦһγбһҪסһƽ
кǲмԼǸոսʥĸ֣ȻƾһƱĽȡԼ׼ǻ֮ҪЦ˵ˡ
һеıһƮƮĽϿͷһԼʺһƽնֻһѣʥڶУ߸ϵĴʦֱֱ˶ˣֳһ˲ȸ
ߣĹնǣҽǰǲ֪ν߾ߣҹԴߣҲǻã
ŮЦͣԳƽʣ֪ʵǿ̸ƾֱƱնˣܲһѪһĽ赹Ҳʵ˵Ľ
󵨣ɱʥϯӣֱ޷죬ڵ£ٴʬգЧȣ
ʥõһŭȣͬڿնݺݵ׹㳡֮ϣһǺ֮ɫѾŭɶҪǰ˺Ƭ
еŵֻ֮ҧ˳ȥ˴ʦֵǰ֮Լһ˶࣬Ҳ㡣˶γбʥԽ䣬ý֡
ʦãڣʧȥսͺˣҪ
Ůӵ˵ͷӵĵͽǣЦһ֪ʾͺúý̽ôý
Ůӷ𣬰һ˫ֳɽָ֮ƣ˫һݺύһŭ˱ڰ׺ǵصĳϮȥеͽеĳѣŮǿĽơ
еսֹĻԼһֵֻţһ⣬ٵѪ쮳γһĵľ
Сʹ룬ҽǰǶý
֪ߵغŮޣǺſʥѵ㣬̽ڽҪѧǫ
϶ڿϳôһʰˣ
ƾ㣬Ϸ򴳵֮ʣ㻹ΪأʴʣϷ죡
ʥõϱǺŮӳȥҲޱȣѾõĳϷ
ɾںŮӻûɴܳپʱȴӰס򳶻ء
ʦãֻϹ࣬Ǹ죡
žžž
մİֻǸӲûн֡˳ˣֻۿžҪӴӵʱԼȻȫ׻Ƶ쳣һ˲޷ɶԷԼϸһʺİӡ
ɶСӣɱ~~~~~
һͷŭȣĵ꼱ٴȥҲͬʱϣͬʱһȣͬʹһУβγһϢ治ɱУƼѸ͡
񷽣죬һ񷣡Сӣ֣ɣ
ߣ֪νүһ⹷ƨĲ񷽣
ӳЦһ±ֲ׵׵˫ֽӡһž֮ըƬ֮䡣
է֣Źŭ֮Ǿ֮ϵںӵ֮ϣƺסڳˡ
һƣ·һòˣֶúӵŵǾʧ룬вУƲƣˣĻܹȥ
Ȼһӵһƣ͵ķ˼֮ͬŭһ㣬ֻ΢΢ӴԷƤû㱻飬׾ɽ̿ݺݵĺײΧǽ֪
ʥˣʥһͬʥõֵˣּԸԼսƽ֡ǾȻԷһƶӲ£ʩչ˾֮󱻶ԷӲлܣɴ䡣
һƲʥЦһҲ֪˭ֻһ仰ʥãҪˣӽԺǶҪΪ𣬷ȫҪѰռɣҸ𸴰ɣ

ϣϬջ¥ʮʿΧ̸ۣһʱ䵹ҲַǷ
˵֮ǰһ˲õرд£
ţģһѵһر޼ɵҪǧǡ˵ʱ䶯˱֮һЩĿԣ˵һаҫ˶ȥˣ
ʲôر˵ˣǧ궼ôඥǰߣҫӦ֮ʵԲС
ٺ٣ڷȥˣ˻᲻֪ҫţ˾֮Ԥ׵ĺճǽһǱһǣ
λ̨֪ҫ¼
Ȼ֪ҿѽǰҫǺͣȭɱſѵأһ˶սʮĶǿ޵ʲôӥšššڡѩѱȻﶼ֣Щɵʲôϰ콾ʲôĶ׵նϹžޱħԳǧǣȥһ˸ȥ·ȡʵƶǺޱȣһУǰ֮У
һçӣĭɣ·ԼվڵʱֳĿһ㣬˵Ļɫ˴󲿷ֵȺڣһ۾ζš
ջ¥Ľ䴦һŰۣ¥ȥĳ嶯һ̶
Ҳǵõʱ˵Ĵڰһ֮ɱЩʲôʱʵˣն˱ħԳԷһȭӲסɣҿνǧ˵ǧԶﴫﵹǿ⣬ǣҲöﵽ̶ֳȰɣ
ƪѩѱ캮˪ᡣ
ڴ
ƪԳһ


һ ϬС
ϬǽĴ֮һǣĴҷֱΪ챤կկǣϬ
Ҳ˵Ϭ䱳ƿϼ壬νһСƿطϬ֮á
һ˳ơ̫ꡯ˱ϼڵΪʷΪܳһļһ֪ãɽӡ
˵ȫ͵ţѧ츳Ǹߵզ࣬16ѽڵĵһѧԶ^Ƿ켫ĵزȻ֮Ϊã춯̺Ȼ֮ľڵѵʥ֮ѧ츳ʵʵĺޱȡ
20꣬ɵʱļȾλϼȨ֮УͦԾޱȵڹΪϷƣνնܵУڶſ岮֮ӱһٶü֮λ
ͬʱλʮͼǿ¸£סںʱƣǴϼ˿ԷϬΪģԲǧڶͼ֮СıһУѧǶ·ϬԽƴֽĴ֮׵ļơ
ɣѾƫһżʽҲ˳ʲôĴ֮һΨһһҡ
ǣе֣֮ҵͷկ챤ǵļλͳߣҲǰ֦ͬԱסҰġ
ڰҫеķĹ򣬰ճ˵ӦֱϵկŶԣȴһϢ˷Ϭ
ϢǣɽׯׯԼɶʦɽҳߣСҲɽŮΨһһԼֵܵˣ١
ߵϢȻԸҫļ죬֮ʱҲûиҫкʧϢ
ڵʱҫֻһˣϢҲûʲôȥΪγߣֻ֪ɽΪĳ¶һܣߡ
ҫ뽭֮ʱҲͬûκεϢΪѾĳ˸ãֱ»صʱһ·ϵĴţټ
һ·ϿóӦĻԵʵӦòԼ٣ҫĬĬǿջ֮еһ˵ˣڻɫ˵ĳ¼
λ٣Ҫ֮ˣǽ˳СɵλپλǴһΣǲظѽ
ȴӵ˵һڣ˶ԼͣҲ֣ȫ۾ʼ˵
ͻȻһƬҫĿѣϰҫܸоĵôƷĻүүʵԿԳƵǸĪ⡣
ֻǼ򵥵һ俪ףһ޵ĺظУĶУе̼䱻ƽƽ̹
СɣȻôһƺţڽϵ輸ԳƵǳˣܰϸйصţɼʵǺޱȡ⼸Ľ·ŵһĽѽ
ʵҲְҫоȲСɽׯڿ˵µµΪ츳ϡƽܿʱ׾Լ硣
ȴһСɵĳƺţɼ֮٣еĳƺſɲԼԼģɴ󲿷ֵһֱĿഫģûˮֵĴڡ
ڽС֮ƣô¼ѧŵ֮
˵ǺŹɽɽׯׯɽСһӣɽׯ֮ڶȫڵҲֻһµµΪӵܶѡ丸ѧ֮ԴΪңһһֺãʮߣʽڽ֮ϡɾ䲽뽭֮ȻѶȫȫʧȥӰ
ֱ֮ǰ޵ֽ֮һ׵Ľӽ۾һĵһˡңһˣ¼óλ˵һ
һӽʥĶԾӽʥŽʥ֮һ˾ʽ;ף磬һʽӣһһһعһɽϺ֮һ֮ƽݷԲеˣѾý߾ֳнǧΧۣ˵ĶԹΪӽʥѹڣһŭ֮³նˣӶ˳Թ
ԼսɣָֻһӽʥеһһһֱӽպյĽʥնڽָ֮£Ӯޱȣɴ䣡ҲǴӴʱʼڽпڿഫ
˵ߺһڴ˵ʼͷӶӽʥ˵ھҲǿߣӽһ֮ϣɾΪ
ϾȻ߲УжûУΪһ˶ԷıҪɱ˶ѣɿָԿǹʽǾ綼Ҫӽʥ֮ϡ
ʵ츲أҪǿвƽ֮£ӽʥ⼵Ը񣬻һûͺá
ҫ΢΢һЦлԼƮƮ۸ʱ̻Լ䱾ûһӣСҫļ죬ǰҫΪͯ飬ҲǰҫϿɵֵ֮һ
ʵҫµľڽʵˣˣȾһЩϰƮƮҫȫмΪġ
ߵĿпǰǸʵ쳣ǿҲûиı䡣
ԣҫҪȥԼʱ飬ڽ׷ŵĽ֮󣬶ʲô˲Ĵ¡


ڶ һĻƽʱ˼
ڶһ·֮ʣ·֮ʱۼƿصаɣɱ޶Ϊףֶ֮˷ָ캦֮¾ǷĽɣẠ̊́һŭ֮£ֻһһҹɨƽڣѪUT붾`ᣬ׼Ϊһ֮صһаɡ
ǵ˽ɵľ˲Ƹȫָգһֲȥ֮󣬽һ³ΪСɣ佣֮߿ƾףͬʱһѪģǿԳΪһеĵ䷶
ʱջ¥Ѿˣ۾˵¼߻һ䣬ѾǽͷӶѣһƬȻ
ܰɣаɸʲôʡ͵ĵƣȻˣҲˣɵ˿ɶʲôӹˣȫ˳֮ɵģʵǿ쳣һЩɶȥǡһҹ֮ɨƽʵҪˣһǱ˿ˣԶﴫͲܵ顣
ûӣֻҪﵽʥ֮תϾڲ֮ˣʵٱֹɱЩ֮˻׹һɣʲôôСֵģ
Ҳô˵ģŶ󣬴뿪ɽׯʱʼҲͶʮͷ;ܴﵽʥ֮Ҳδе̫˰ɣ
λ̨ԲӣĽ֮һĸ֣˵ǲһð֮ʣͬն˵ŵָУŵҶħűٱȻ״ħŵٹϪȵȵȵȡЩĸʾ֮ҲǶʮͷﵽʥ֮
˵ɣЩɢˣҲ˲űЩ˸˲ãɵɲš°衢١һǬɺ衢ǸոմİҫЩڶʮȴʥ֮ţ֮һĻƽʱҪˡ
ڳһһ۲ݣֳջ쳣һԲֱӶֿͷ΢Цҡҡͷһȣλʿܰһ£ཫ¼꣬Ҳѽ
һ·һħһ㣬ĵĸƽֳٴΰ
ߵ˵ͷЦҲһͬҲΪʲôᱻһеĽһˣĳЩʿжţǱǰϬطΧ֮ڣǧǧɽսƽϯκƽսУһ֮κƽܣ˵Ǵκƽжģ
ߣĻ壬ƺʩ·ƽػС֮ʵ飬ճ⽣ɶ֣Ҳȫܵġλſ˵ѵҷϬڣ֪ûԵһѽ
ٴλȻֿʼ̲סۿֻǣڴҽζ֮ʣİҫȴȥ
ߵſ֮ʱҫƲһ˵ߣҲЦеĿŰҫ˶һۣͬʱ֮ġ
λǺˣ֮ǰ˵Щ¼ֱһ㣬ûһ˿ˮʦľ׶֪ȡ鱨أұʵҲѲҵģʲôûѽܼʲô
Ӿ̩ɽȴһ˿춯ɼڹΪɲ⣬Ṧ񣬾ǽһٮٮߡֻǲ֪ţɢ˻ģǴݲȵ̬֮󡣿бҪһ̫ү
߳Űҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷҲͬ΢΢ȭ漴˱ȥ
ҹҫͷ֮Уڴϣھһ֮󻺻չһѴ֮ۿ϶Բ
ǰҫȴ쳣ˣ֮ϻиߵĴڣԼȥͦˣʵ΢
֮ϻиߵΣֱԪһ̩Ǵ˵ħĲΣʮʥ
Ȼ񹦵Ĵ߲ΣǴƷıֱӡԺеģÿһ㣬Żһε
ԹδҫҲֻ֪һĴȴ֪Ȼ԰ҫصԸҲ̫Щֻһ˼ԼĹԼһȴѭ򽥽һֱ
ȹȥһ벻ֹǼⶼһ˲ͻ֮ʱǿǿһ飬Ҳǻޱȣǿ̶ֹֻȻʱҪӴһСʲôط˲һô
ҫջߵ֮󣬿ʼĬĬ˼ţһ·ʶԼͬ
ȣÿξǹĪǿ֮ܶĿƣֶֿԣȫȫʹָࡣ
ǣÿŭʧȥ֮ʱȫѪҺῪʼԺһɹɸϵıͬħһ㣬һ϶̵ʱڱԭϵʵ
ƾ㹻ŵˣǰҫȴʼһĪչԴѩѱϬѾһµʱ䣬һʱǸ·ĥԼ֮
ڻûһ˿ĽչѵҵйأҵĸĸĵȷȷͨĲͨѣûʲô֮ͬѽ
䣡
һ˰ҫ˼ֻһɫ꣬ӰҫĿͷ⵹ײڣֱصײڷ֮ϣֹסȥơ
֮󣬵ϥأ͵ĿȳһѪҧгݵĽǰڵһŮ


 ֵܣ
һ춯˲ٽçΧۣԼջƹǰ¥˵ߡ
ҫɹž޲ڴ֮ϣ˶Ƥ˿ֳ֮ͬ͡һǰڵϵ꣬г˷ߺ֮ɫվ꣬İȻЦ·һıóѵģ
ҫɫҲ裬ôĿšҫʱûгֵĴ㣬ȿ֮ĳԹ˵
ֻ⸱Ȼģüѣ˶һĵɫҫͺһֻƵá
Сӣʲôҹȥ˲ɣ뿪뿪˵أ򣬱Сֱһն㣬ƸɱļɱҲɱˣҲûУ
վ꣬һŮбŰҫ˵Ŀǿ˵Լ΢΢̧°ֵͣĽǾǲмӡ
ڰҫϢȥͨ졣ŮȫҫΪһĴڣаҫֻһѣɱҲɱˣûʲô˵ġ
λƸСޣǷϬɲƸҷ¥ںɱǲе̫ˣ
һ˹ǰ˵߻߽ҫסĿͷڣ΢Цſǰˣֻ΢ЦڸǲסһԽԽŨɱġ
֣ʲôֵģСƸŮɱ˭ɱ˭ɱҲǸ˾͸ϵ϶СȰ㲻Ҫ£һնˡ¥ΣһջܵϬıӻͿѵⱾСˣϹĹۡҾǲƽ¥ܰƸΣССĿջȻҲʸóһҵȣǲ֪߳ܣ
ڳ˶ˣ겻ͣĸŮʹɫɺƺûпɲͣЦšҫס飬ΪԼסˣ֪ˣԽı䱾Ц˵İ°;Ͳû̵ȥ
ҫ˿ߣҲһ˵飬漴ͬʱЦҫûЦĵ´̣ǰŵҲЦͣ
ЦʲôЦ׼ЦȺ񣬲ײĲᣬλʦָɱˣ˳¥ˣ˶ɱһ
ŮӿŰҫ߷Ц߷֮ɫǺȵǶȴΪ
һ˽ŮһԣܲȻС˵ʦã˵ˣ
һ˸æǰһ񣬱ȭ˵ʦδ֪¥ţ
ٴλָ΢Ц˰ִӻ˵仰Ҫ˵һƸúõĽ̽ԼŮʲôڶһ֣ӱۣ̫үҪһ塣ֶͬ԰ݷƸ˳Ǹϣ֪߳ܵ϶ʸȣֶܲܰƸΣ
˵ͷҲص뿪Ŀɿڴ꣬궼Ļ֮ɫͣƲŮӣһŭԵӣοǱ߰ʦøˡ
ԳƸ֮ŮŮӣҲƽԺп˵һԼǴĻ£ȫƸֵ֮Ļ¡
ǣƽԼǸŮͷ裬аԵκ˷һҪΧת̬ߵ˰ɡ¥ǷϬ棬ķ֮أⶼ֪˼ЦոյЩ˵ֱλ̫ꡯһĶ⣬ƸҪˣؿסˣճ
סڣïɽʱϽͼҲϼˣƸĻףǽͼҲȲСҪʬΣһһĻ㣡
ͬ踾Ъ˹ļţʱȫûǿԡԼ˴УԺǲܣ⵽ïɽ䳰ȷеķŭͬɽһ㱩
ǣǵĶ⣬ƽһˣֻ˵뱦ͼûݻԵǶְɣҲ⣬ҵĽֵСΪұѩ޵ģһܲˣ
ïɽȻһЦͣĵ亹ȫ΢΢жѣ˲ˡĻûжľ˶ǲаЦš
ïɽСͷģǰ׹Ƹλ̫ϳϣͻСرֵȫϵıͼرֵͼļӵеģȫõҲñƸնɱȥر㻹Ϊ㱨𣬼ֱЦѱҲҪΪ㱨ѽ
⻰䣬ïɽԾĲУҪȥͨ籨ţɽֻǸոѣ㱻һаЦߵ
Ǹïɽģʶ
Ҫʹɱ֮ʱҫĻĶʱ˲ʶԭﻹаҫĴڡ
ˣﻹһֻϴڣҲһӵĻСӣڹñСʮǶ⣬СеĻˣļ
䣡
һǿ׺γ׵â¥ڱ˸ֱӺɳ¥⡣â¥նһ޴Ļڣòˡҵĵâɳɢɼâļ
ͷڣïɽ̯ڵϣ˼ĿŰҫ۾ɵıͭ廹ŵˡҫƳƵ֮ƣƽٶնľ޴ڣͷҲأЦеĿïɽ
ܻشôʶ


 ֪еļƷѹ
ܣ
ͷɢɫ԰ףǺѪһľ֮ɫԼ˼άǲǲʲôң֮ǰһ̶ǻþʲôġ
ǱΪϣΪİҫȻֱһƵâ˾ɣǿĵâ¾Ȼֵһ¶ܣһͱ彣նˡ
ܣӦĹӦñСݺݵǣ
۵Ѫ˿ǸҧгݵģƺҪҫˡĸӹԼ˵κ˾ӦҪ衣·Щ˱ǿ߷Ǵ治ǲӦôڵġ
ֱ̬뷨֪һĸ軵˵Ķ档ûʲôֻǽԼĸаԵΪжͨ
ǿţ⵶â̶빥Ľಮ٣ȹ𣬿ǸģâֻĶѣλ̫ϳϣ
ïɽп˵ǾޱȣҫԼ࣬ƻҪСһ㣬ʵԼʮƥϲϣҪ̫ϳϵʵ൱ˡ
ǵģǰڽֽѵһ˶һصɣ׷ɱ·ƽ̸Ը֮±Ϊֵܣïɽ˵
ҫ˵ͷһ˿ïɽڣֻоһȵ룬˲ϢѨһȳĺѪ³˰Ķ̼仯һ롣
ϹžڹķϹʱҲһһľķյԣⰵٶȣѰڹķȫ֮Ტ۵ġ
ҸǹʽȻĽֵܣôͲõˣҰҫˣû˿Զֺ
ïɽ΢Цŵ˵ͷðҫڴţʲôģ֮ǰһֿԿҫʵżʹӢ٣Ҳδºߡ
ԭ𱱹İҫʧˣл֮ïɽձк񱨣
˵ӰڽֻҪʲô΢˲һ£ôŽᴫĺǲ׹ŷɥǾҪж˻жһ͵¡
ҫ˰֣˵ʱȣ׻Ͳ˵ˣȸȥϰɣҲһ֮ɱܡ
ïɽ˵ͷڵȻǴ˵ģôոǱɳȥѾˣ
ģӲˣѾγɰǵѪǹ߹ңӦ֫߶߲Ŷԡ
ҫïɽնĻڴͷһȻҫ˵һ̲һ̱ڵϡ
ǿҫĳ֣·Ǹ߹һ㣬þȫԼƺԼӵǰǲһ档
ǵ죬Ȼңˣ㣬еѶˡСὫһǧУ֪֪˭֪֪ҵ˭ڸҿһٸͷҶˡ㣬͵ɣ
Ъ˹ţĻðҫĪ㲻ᱻҵɵ˰ɣͷҪвңƴƴƨã㲻ΪƸͷͻŵҲɱ˰ɣ
ߣ㵱ȻңҪǸҵĻͳˣ˵ôôװˣС֪ôģʧ˰ɣﻢ˰ɣ֪ôȥõҵĿˡ˰ɡС㣬ǳ롣ˣСʹģԷ书ҿһٸͷһƸܷǾֻһˣѱСǵڹҿͷҵĲ֮ɣ
ҫˣֻǰҫѣïɽǴʦ֣Ҳˡûһɵ˷ѽ⣬浽˲֪ˡԼסˣҪЦвҪɱԼˣԴѾǼǵâɽ˰ɡ
֪ļѾͷ֪еļƷڡվͽ̽㣬ɱȨǿǰΪߵ㣬վ˵ʸ񶼲߱ģҹ£
ҫһ䣬ֶ׼һѹεһСɽһصѹںߵļͷ֮ϡͨһ˫ϥݺݵײڵϣ׹һ㣬еһ
Ѿʧǣȫʧ˷ִ磬ϵѹǧʯһ㣬оԼԽңѹԽأоԼڵѪǶҪѹһ㡣
ո˵⵽ķصģʲôʱʼ㲻˵вңҲν˶֪شֻһ˾Ϳˣ˵ʵڵģ˵ûôҪҵ˼ô
ҫ֮󣬻ǣеĻﲻ̲ûһ˿ڡÿǰһɱͻһ֣ߵǰʱǹɿ񱩵ɱ⼸Ҫ˺ѵء
ͱɱŵʧǣǴӽǴӱʵ˵ҫֹ߳ҪѹǺܼ򵥣ֱѹȾ㹻ˡ
ϬϷĲԭյϣһ֮ǰѾ׽ټˣǲΡΡ˵ɼıŵˣ˿֮ǰǰ
ˣ
ҫ˫Ŀһɣŭȳ±񱩵ǣ˳ֻգۼïɽߣסԷ죬񱩵ĻӿôһˣԷӳʮ֮Զ
ҰҫСѣյһ˿ˣҰҫ̤ƽƸƣȮ
ΪҫԶŸո֮ʱҫһŭŵٴεصϡ


 һն벻
ҹǿո貣ڷϬҹһĿĻ߻ͬҹеĻ澫һ㣬֮ͣʱѾɴܳϬԶĲԭȥ
ʱİҫôïɽɿǲԭȥһʵ쳣еïɽĻ˵
ƥ·ԴԴϵо̾ѣͬʱ԰ҫҲһ֣۷뾴̬
֮бǿΪ𣬶Ʒе²ʵ汸֮ˣǼΪ׾óϷ
ҫڵľڷٵתţٶҲԽԽ죬֮Ȼɲ㣬ǼΪѸ͡
ʵжྪˣֵѣҪԼŲʵĵͣǴģǰҫֵȣֵͷ
һ֮󣬵ҫԭ֮вԶʱеĴʯˣǿ£ƭ˸Ŀĵңʩ˰
ҫ֪֮ûƭΪǰǧ׿⣬Ľ纣Хһ±ڣôԶľҫȻܹܵĵ
Ľ⣬Լһ˵ɢʱʱĺɵӶܿǧ׿֮أһս
ҫüͷһ壬⽣ԴȻǳͬҲܸоĳĽǷޱȣƥ纣ڲϢ
ǣֵҲӦòʲôʡ͵ĵƣֹʤֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬һǲͣ˸Ľ⣬Ѿ潻һʱˣȴûзֳʤ
Ҳ˵漴ʹ޷Ҳʧս֮£ƸԮɱõȥ
ҫһ֮䣬˼ǧһ˷ʱ䣬ïɽ£ԭصȺͬʱһ̤ͬһ㣬ǧսȥ
ɾڰҫҵľʱֵ鷢֮аҫĵƺԶ֪һ㣬ԭ֮ͻȻƱɫ
ǽս֮һֱ콣֮ϣɫĽâԵòԾɢ֮ΪһĽâ߳һɨܡ
ҫһһͣаЦСӣôòôҴкôãǾͲˣ
ҫ˫ĿתڵľתµĻ𾢷·κһͣͬǿ;סȻһ񱩵Ļֱʣ֮һй֮޲
˾ñط꣬к޿ɺǣ˴֮以չʾţ뽭֮ĵš
ɢ֮ʱܱüž˴нܵһб÷ƽ˾·һжûзһ㡣
ҫüյ˵кˣӦǣʼղӰ
ҫٴʩչΣƬ̣ӳҫĽֻľʬѣȴɲӰ
ǷһӦ֮ǰһ֮һݺύ֮£һǳɣѸײڶ֮ƣһնˣǿķ˼
ҫŵϵľʬ壬˽ߣɴ֫ϿԲʲôѰ֮ľʬͬͬɫĻ˵Ƹλ̫ϳϣ档
ĽǾףƸλ̫ϳ϶Ҫնɱɶʥ֮Ϊĳ֣֣ʩչһ׺ϻ֮зת಻ӣɱ产ˣȴӲնɱ
ïɽҴҸϵ֮ǰҫͬʱͷųǰˣͬʱľƣʵ̾Ϊֹ𾪲ѡ
ҫΪȻĵ˵ͷ˵ţľ˵ʥ֮ǾԵģпܴﵽʥڡһ־׵ĽǺޱȣҳ֣ʤҲֻ֮Ľ֮УСӿ϶ʲô˲õĻԵ
ïɽεĵ˵ͷ˵ʵڵ֮ǰʶ˰ҫǳĻҫ˵ֿԸƽɫĻԻ⵽ĳЦΪҫʵ˵󻰣ţ
ɾΪҫ֮ǰǾޱȵʱ˵ĻïɽΪȻ˵Ȼһǰһ󣬵ڸоϣ˵ʵӦǲಮٵġ
ȻʵҪҫ֮Ż֪
û뵽ô꣬ʱؾۣԵֵֶ׽͸һĻԵƱҲСȥǻҪӮҲҪһ󹦷򣬹ĺأϻƣʱ治Ǽʱ򣬷֮УԵԻֻ´μٸⲻˣأ
ҫïɽĲԶһС֮£һüĿ㣬Żɫ۵꣬ͣ˵šǻڱʯ˫ͫ˿Զİҫȭ֮ת뿪ûзһ˿һ춯Ṧɲ⡣
Զİҫƺоʲô˿ԶС£ûκεĴڣҡҡͷԼˡ
ڰҫïɽֵ֮ʱһ춯صŭ𣬻ŭը֮Сɱޱȵɱ·Ϊʵһ㣬˰Χ
ƸǺôĹĶ͵Ҵãֱ޷죬̫͵֮ҹƸţȮ


 ̫֮ŭԶ^񹦣
һͻŭը죬ƽڹΪ֮ҫľѡ
ҫ΢΢˲˼漴˷ۣ̾Լù˵ͷôѪɺ϶ܱԼϣԼǡϰ
԰꣬ҫ¾ᣬҲǸողŵҫϸϸ
µƱ磬ҹհҫǺҫǽɣ
ҫæȭͣȴ͵ĻᣬһŭֱӴ˰ҫĻͬʱܿʮϸС紵𣬷·Сʮ磬ҫïɽ˵ơһǿǰԶһӰȥ
ҫٵУ˶ʱ̩ɽƾƶֺô
ֻǣҫΪһԵïɽȫȲˣ˺Ʒһ㱻ֱӴ𣬷ɿӰȥ
ҫüͷһ壬ε̾Ϣһ˹ֿһչȥ̼׷ϱïɽҫĳ֣ץסïɽ˾һïɽԶľ룬뿪Ⱪ
ֻһѣʵϵʱü죬ҫӰ֮ľѾߣĹȫԸͥ񣬱־룬ΪïɽۣԼֻܸλ̫ꡯӲսˡ
ţӻеգСͬΧҲǴɷ֮٣ã̫һһͽ䣡
һ߰˳ߣ˫΢΢չһͣĲ˫֮ϣɫ׳˶һĸߴӳڰҫС
ǷŨüۣٸ㲻μȳƣȥûжӴ󣬵һƽļ⣬ԵƼͣһս񣬲ŭ
Զ^񹦿ɽ֮ɱ춯أҫֽˣ
ߣװǻƵӣûʸֻֽ̣䱻ҷϵ
ҫȫĲмԾӸ֮ƣͷһƣӿľ֮УƷƥһǰһҵͣıγһХɶȥ
ƣɽ
⾢;׵һƣʹͫ΢΢һеջ֮ǰĻһƿԿҫǷʸֽ̡
˫üһأһ˿С֮ģ˳ƺһ˲еķ缸һգγһ״תҷֱҫ
Զ^񹦣ӿ
˫ͣĲ˺ѣͬһһϾ˺ҧš
ҫһƾһһţ˲侢ӱֱǰ񲻿ɵķ羢˫˫𣬵ҫʽʼղֱͣȥ
΢΢һҫıм֮죬Ҫо̾漴ıУеӿȣȫͬһƳֱ룬ֹ糱羢ֱѹϣͬһֱҫѹȶȥ
飡
ˮһ˳ܣϵӲݱԶΪĵĵƤݺݵƿһ㣬ɢʮԶɢ֮伸ĥеĻľɼ˱˴˵ľǿ쳣
񱩵ĶԺ֮£ԭӦű˴˵ƾֿǣֵǶ˲ûȥֺ类סһ㣬һ˲ûж
д˲ס漴ЦӣмͣȻٳ͵ʦ
ҫÿɷһеģտʼʱһУȻ֮ǧѧǻۣԲС
Ȼô׾ͱס⡮̫ꡯŵҲ˵ˡҫüͷ΢΢һ壬ͻȻûһ˿һڸУҫ·Ƕſȫʵڡ
ҫתֺ֮˶Բߣֻһתͬһתء
֮󣬰ҫûǵ˫糤ޣƶĶߣ˦鶯쳣ޱȣıʮ泤ߣֱ֫ٺҪһֲ
ҫͻȻ֮ٳУǿޱȣֻһգ۵ʱݡǣҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣֻһССľ̾˲Ϣ֮Իع
ǿǿ׳һ˫ۣȴһ͵ɶһǳµĻߣһ㱡ֽ΢ΣƱһ΢磬ͬˮһ㣬ҫеĻȫɢ
Զ^񹦣ɢ
Сӣ㹥ˣڸˣ
һ䣬пʼôһ㲻ãԼսĴԴݿ֮ƽԷɾĻܣܽһаʽԶ^񹦸
ɽҹȻħƵıǰ˽Ӷռһ˽һˣʽ鶯ѸͣڹȻԼҲеһƴһ֮㶼ûмסǸ߸ϵġ̫ꡯгһ˿˿ŭ
һ䣬˫ͬʱѸײڶ֮ƣֱӺոҫʵ޻˫ƣʹðҫ֣ΪԼȻûȥӦ
䣡
һͳը죬׺ݿ񱩵ƾڽӴҫŵһ˲䳹׵ı˫Ƽд֮ƣ޼ҫĻƷ磬ױޱȣһ޴ݺݵĴڰҫؿڡ˫⾳ͬƻɱ֮
Զ^񹦣Ƽʻᣡ
ҫػ˫Ŀ͹һϢؿϴһ˺ѷεľʹͺըҩըһ㡣ͷ֮бһҺҪֱǿӲס
ʱҫкˣԼ쳣ǿһУԼعǼ߹ȫ⡣
Ҳͬһаһȣұ۱ıֱƵֱԲ˶ݺݵĳȥԲεĻ满ߣһѤ֮Ļââޱȣ磬һضҪһնһƵʵʵļϡ
浶գ


 ƺһ
ġƼʻᡯҫġաͬʱлУǴ𣬼еһԡǷֺãಫ
üͷһ壬ϴһհľʹ类ϸСâиһȵĵ˳ļ򴦲ͣš
ȻҫƵķ֮չĻϾеУһҫһ֮˲䱻ɣһɲ̫˺
ҫ·һڵһ㱻ɣֱɳʮɵľסΣ֮һϥأ³һѪ
ʱҫѪҲʹѣһɼǿҵİڲͣķţҫеľѸٲԵĶԿȫֵķưƳ⡣
ҫֲ̧ȥߵѪգݲȵĶڵľתһڵķư˲㱻ȳ⡣ڹķ֮һԭǿȻˣܡ
ںɰҫ֮󣬽üͷ˿ϵĵˣһ£̼߱ȫѨȻһӣһɳ⣬ԲԶľʯһĵۡ
֮г˽䱸֮ɫ쳣أӿʼڣǰǰˣǸ˲СĳԳԼûܹˣҫСһ
ʵʵ˵ҫҲûб٣ʹвҲڹΪʱϣҫҪѷһ׿˵ٳӦʽϵľ̶˵Լ»˼أǰֶСƲá
ھҫŵĲԶһʯ֮УһŮһߣȵվһߵʯ֮ϣŰҫ˵
Ůòб߻֮ò޳ǰ͹̣¡Ҷüݰף˫ͫž¶پɶü֮һɵӢԳɼŮֻһÿĻƿѣ䱾Ҳһʵڡ
Ůǡ̫ꡯãܰ
壬Ǻ˵ãͱҴ˼꣬ȴܸ綷ѽѷ֣֪·ĺܣܰʵ
ӱǽʱͻȻȵƵ˫İҫᣬһı¿ɾԲС¼ڱϹޱħԳѩѱȺгɹᵽǧǡܹеԶﴫ˿һЩҵ鱨ϵóҲ˶٣ڱӵԽļߵıǷ¥¥壬롣
ԭˣֻǵʱҵˣڹ̺׾ҫĴҾȫͬԸһİĻˣΪȴҪȥȰҫ
ܰҲ֪ǸգʵڸոսֵʱƾѾ֪ҫĵϸֻԸ񣬲һ־ͱҪʤŻᵼ¶԰ҫ׷ʹսҪͣ־ѿ
ڶ˺٩٩̸֮ʣͻȻһӿƥıϮһܰǰܲʵǽһ㽫
񱩵ķԽԽңҪƬʯļƣڷ˼ȴ˿δУɼ书֮ߣǽж֮
ҫȻܱƳľУҲȷĽֻǣôᣬҲոջãɥ֣֮ʱ
ܰҡͷһ̾˵ʵڵܾЩĽɢʿɵԴƾƴڽ֮ϣʵѧ־Ҫ߳Ще콾ҰԶҪҵĻӼ͡
ˣŻΪҫеϧκ˶ԼľУΪֹ۹ߵͣڴ֮´û
ܰģҫǵһɱУȫˣ΢ЦͷҲص˵
ʱڷ籩ĵ˫չޣָ̯ڿۣɴִ˫֮ϡ±һ͵ҷǣӲݱ׷״һȦȦҷŲϵֱͨʣδȶ֮ƣγȻ֮Ǿ춯ء
ҫ̫þûսôʹˣҲҪɨ̫£ȫһУӲӵ̫궼һе𣡡
һɫû˿ķŭ¶һּ˵˷֮ɫ˫ĿĶŰҫţ
ҫüͷһ壬漴չһЦƺʲôЦ̫үҫȻȫԸ֤̫үˣ
һ䣬񹦵㣬ڵľתţһһ㸲֮ϣĻ֮ǰӦкʱҪҳֹͬһսһ䲻
ã
һȣƾһըһ㣬ܴȥڲԶïɽֱӱһɤӣĿѪѪ㹦ȥֿܰʹĻ֣ڱˣĤʹѣһ΢Ķγɣͬ˹ȥֿ
һȣһĻᱻֱӺڴĵİҫһ䱸֮ɫûһ˿ĲʸС
𣬿񱩵ҷǽ˶ΧΧеȫ˫Ƽжȥ˫һϣ˫ĵıͣһ㡣
һգ۵Ĺ򣬰ٴαȣͬʯ棬˫ƴеĿ֮֮羢İҫ
ҫ̧ͷͶ⺧ޱȣ춯ص֮磬˿¹⿴ƶᱻŵûȥȻҫɲʲôƽӹ֮
ֻһϵһϢĿ񱩵·ҪһλεһĻƺһ㣬ͣߣ˫ͫɢһֳɫľ⣬ֱе
ֱʣ˫һչͬһ˫ƻâŷٻƣնȥӿƥĵҪշա
羢Ļ˺˵·Ϊʿɢҫ֮еĽ죬ת˲֮Ҫչҵɱ
Զ^񹦣֣
죡


ڰ ŮҪ
䣡
һ촫ݳԲﲻֹ˰￪ķϬʿ׷׷ɱǰķ
ҫп˵ǻԼһĹʩչģƥޱȵԳ֮¡羢γɵĻˣɽһʮ￪⣬;еһֻҪˢԻᱻ˺ݺݵĥ𣬿νǷƱɫ񺿣Ƽ产ˡ
ͬڵһԱ˶ȥҫӲĦһף׵Ļۣݺݵײһž֮ϣֹסȥơ
ײһ±֮ϣ±ײһֱʮ׿һ׵Բΰӣڿڣ״
ӱϿ˵ĶԺ䣬ӦƾУ˭ûռʲôˡʵǰҫӮˣϾϰڹʱҪȰҫѾﵽʥ۷壬Ȱҫ߳һڲֹʵ߳ҫϡɰҫȡƽ֣ɼ䱾ʵҪ߹ϵľ빦
ʱɽϵİӶȻըʯͬǿһ׳һء
һ˫ĿĶŲԶľʯ֮ս쳣ȣѾҫԼͬȵλĸ֡
ԴԼûͷҲ״ûнԼĶֻСڹȥԼһпǺ񾳽Ĵ֣ѰԼͬµˣᱻԼȫûҷݡ
ɴʱ˿̵ȴǳҫˣ˵ĲûеأƵԼĴҲ˶٣ͥǱȻġ
ڤڤ֮з·ӡ֤뷨һ죬ʯһǿһ룬һ֮Ҫ΢ݵӰ
ҫ߸Ծһ³װȻҲǳȵȴû˿ļ֮ǰֵİʵ˵ãƺϢʱ಻ʵϲľˣ˲Ϣ֮ͻԼԼ˼Ϣʱ䣬ĸ˵㹻նɱԼüˡ
ҫ֮󣬲ȥߵѪգոһ춯صĶԺ䣬Լ·硣գҲûʲôսĽȸУǳЦš
Сӣ㲻ᱻҺɵ˰ɣͷЦóüһʵ
̫үˣ̫үûҪɱҵģҫȻЦó
ߣô϶̫Ź㣡˫Ŀ΢΢һУЦ
̫үյ˵֮ʱȷչֳһǵصɱƺҪҶ˰Ƥһ㡣һ֮ǹɱȴʧӰ٣ȡ֮Ľֻһǿҵսѡ
Ӧ̫үʶ˵ڹԲͬѾ֪һᣬͬʱҲֱǺˣһʱҪҵĹ򣬲Ȼ֮ǰҲҵˡ
ҫ΢Ц٩٩̸ԼʱĸһԼ˼ά˲٣ҲǱǰ͸˺ܶࡣȻķȣԼСǴСĲ࣬Ҳ㹻Լˬһˡ
һ漴ͬʱü˵ȻܹԲڵжСʱΪģȺӵ춯˲׽֮ĲçӢڴ˷˿
˵ľһսƲС֮ǰһǱѶԺ䣬ɵ춯Զʮ￪ķϬ򶼱ˡ
˫ĿŰҫţұһڣڶԶʯУŮٴܳоܰĴڡ˼Ծֺǲ漴ȫϥ¹Ϊ
壬ⷽԲʮ֮ڳҸҫ⣬Ҳ뿴κ˵ȣκֻҪԽ磬һɸɱۣ
ǣ
ͬĻص漴һԾɢȥûжĶûж춯˷·һһ㶯һ£ɼϼѵء
ڰȥ֮ʱܰʶĻͷ˰ҫһۣǰȻͦˣòŨüۣݲȵЦݶӡ
ҫϣܰʶĵ
ܰôˣǲǿҫˡӣᣬףòãƵеſδĳɾͱضҲ㣡ٺ٣ϳɾһ۱㿴ܰһ˿΢ļ¶ȡЦ
壬ȡЦˣҫȷ֮Ƶǽټ콾֮һܰɲֻ˵ĻƿɫҪ֤Ůһͬܶ죬һƬԼأ
ܰСһ͸¶һֵ糺֮ɫ֮һɽüĺ׳ɼ䲻òڣ־Ҫȸߡ
΢Цŵ˵ͷܰ־ȻдοҲû̫һ£ʵ֤ˣڲõĽʵ֤ܰĺ׳ҲδؾͲʵ֡
ʱµİȥ׷סǰ̽ѰĽǡЩϼͷʱȫϢ˲Σ˿ʵ֮⡣
ϼͷʵһָ̫ꡯϬһҪġǵıп֪ϼرʹǿҲ˽ǡ
ʱֳֻʣҫˣ˻ű˴ˣһʱ֮˭ҲûпڵĴ㡣


ھ Ѱȥ
Сӣ㵹еСڸ㽻ֵһ˲ұ֪رõǸ˲㡣ڵİϣ׵羢ǿͣʩչȫԯޡ֮Ը㽻֣뿴ҫͷǷʵûʧҫʵƻҪ
ƽˬЦһɱʧӰ٣¶һֺˬ֮⡣ĻпһĸֱҪֽһҲ֤ͬİҫĬĬ⡣
ҫ΢Цĵ˵ͷ֪ⳡǻˡƲһ۵ʬ壬ü˵˿ǽˣһᴩޱȣֱն档һɱˣǿޱȣӦòǳֱʣ
ҫ˵ͷصҵһʱѸɵģСɡ̫үҲ϶жšҪŸ˵أ˭֪һ˴ֻ˵ʬ壬ȴĴڡʧ֮֮ʱȴ̫үɺأ
һ֮ƺһУɺôֹˣɺϵеͷˡӵȷǺƣȥԸٵرǰսʱ˽ˣһҶͿȸں󣬳ˡ֮κһžԵѹƣ֪УĴսҲ㹻ʱߣǻعر֪ȥˡˮ֮ƣޱȣ̫еСˡ
һۣҫȲѣοߴͣˬӲʣӦҲ͸죬Ҳ߲ȥ
ǿ֣ԭϸ緢˼άݣգǸߵأ
ҫа롣
ǲ룬ϴ־ȻҲôߵǣ˶еȰЦ
ҫεɵЦȷʵôģ𴩣е㲻֪룬һ˲еôŤ
ҲñֵôŤŤֲܸ֮ˣܵõҵϿɣΪҲ֪һֵҽύʵ㣬˿Ǹϴ֣֪ıֻһҾҪôΪһ˲ע⣬ذܳ治⣬ӷ£ȫ֡
һҫҲΪȻԼϽеһɢʿûûй˼ɣԼһҵ֮ʱƻҪλ̫ү֮ء
֪̫ү֪кҫһɢʿ߶֮УԸͽ£̫үáҫȭдύ֮⡣
˰֣Ц޷ץ˶Ҫ˴ͣк涥š̫ꡯͷˣԻѰã
֪̫үɷ֪ҫʵ
˰ҫһۣص޼ɵ
ҫüͷһ壬ڵƾһӹ޼ɵܵô˵ȱҲƲѰⱲӦӦϣ
˵ͷֶû޼ɵϼı֮УλҹػҹȻϢĵȡڹӦñܰײһ춯Żᱻ֪Ҷڹ
Ļô˴ӦҲǿΪ֮Ĺ֣˵ȷնƶˣҫ͵
ˣԻڼӲ̫ġҫȻԵɴ͸һطϬҾ֮꣬úд㣬б£ֲſύˬʵ˵ﵹҲΪϡ
ҫ΢΢һЦһӴ̵ʶ˵ʲôĶУǰҫ쵹ʶһءƣ©Сڣϸ緢Գɣ溺֮ˣҫʱڷϬúýύһ
̫үĺ⣬ҫӦȥֻܾȷʵҪȰҫȴһ£Ϭ̫үúðѾ̸ҫȭ˵
΢΢һ㶣ǵһα˾ֻܾҪԼһ˭ĻŭţƨƨߵĹԹҫȻͻؾԼ
ҲûŭʵʲôôҪ뿪֮һ·£ȴͻȻƫҷϬеĿĵؾںεء
ҫЦҫѩѱĽ֮Ĺ˾ͽ֮֡һ±ûʱơҫ֮ҪʹԻ̫үҪ֣ҫ֮٣ȴҫػɽ߶һҫȸ̫үⲻˣ
ҫһȴסˬһЦ˵޷޷ҫϵܵõ˵ȴͨ˱˵ǱĽίɰ£ܼ棬Ҫֲ˼񣬳ҹˡҫϵܵõĽίɣҪȥ죬İ죬úõİ졣ҫϵܣ;ȥ£Ҫ滹ûлᣬȴ£͸ѾԻύݡ
ã̫үƣҫȴ̫֮үֵһأҹȶ½֮ƱСܻٺȣ
ҫƣͬʱͷЦ֮٣Ҳ˶˵⡣

һ֮һۣȫ䱸ǵӰڻĮ֮ϡɳһƬĻĮ䶾ܵ¶ȸߵףﵽˮĳ̶ȣʵǶӵĲУѰռƬ֮ᱻɸʬԲҲ˼ʱ
ӰһƤֽȴһֱֵô߶ԣرͼмٰɣĵǶȱҪͷʹȨһصôѡôһõطأ
ǰҫһ֮ǰֱ֮յïɽͼïɽҲ֪زȥƸ󣬱ֲߣбͼҲûȥѰԸɴֱתҫƥﻳûǸȥػõرɱ֮
ҫõͼ֮󣬱ҹ·Ĺֻǣһڱѩѱ̳ʱе־ȵ¡
ҫ·ˣеͼ£·ˡ


ʮ ʱ
çĹϷĻ֮أ˵һյءҹ¶֮򻷾쳣֮ȿ¶
ɽᾣɳأ޳Ⱥûڻɳ֮ظиֶĴڣϢ֮жչɱ
¼ߣ书֮ˮԴ֮£һӾҪɣˮҹ̹ǣ¼ͣѰûסڱ£˶þͻᱻĶ
çĹ򣬿νѰ˵ج֮ء
Ѱ˵ج֮أҲͬǲƸ֮أçĹһ޴ıأһЩϹŵʯ汦˵ƺܵľһ㣬سɶѣ纣ɳƵϴǡƽ𡯡
ѰͱֻҪȥۣǳԺȲһЩرߴ󱦲ظǿٻ󣬵Ȼûȥӵоһˡ
çĹ򴦴Ǳأڸɳڳʲô֮ģ˵Ӧò٣ȻçĵӣѰ˴粽УǶһЩӵдܴڵĶ˵ɲκε谭ȫפıȡһЩر
ǣޱߵģȴΨֻһңǾ𸮡
һԸѩѱĳս彫ű²ľűĶʥڵĸ֣˲żüãơ
𸮸˾ͽ죬һͨ쳹ֻܣڹϹžڹķԯͨ쾢
ڹʮ죬ÿһ춼֮ÿһ죬Լα֮£䶥幦пٵ֮֮ƥ;׵İʮʽȭֻƾһ֮㽫çĹнפ⣬ܽӹȭ֮ܵսһ㣬޿ƥС
˾ͽ칦ޱȣ֮Ľ¶Ҫǿ֣˱Ƽܶ԰Ĺ򣬿Ĳ߼ıʵʵʵ۲˾ͽռĹıأҲ˿˾ͽѾȭͷݺݵĴǵ̰֮ġ
Ȼ˾ͽ𸮶ռçĹ򣬵Ҳûзֹ˳룬󿪷֮ţ˲׼פ֮⣬κ˶ԳɣѰʲôرҲԴȥ𸮾ֺ
һϢ˾ͽ𸮰ռĹ֮󣬵һʱͷˣҲЩٶԹ׷֮ġ
Ȼһر뱦ѱ𸮶ã֮ȴɢڹĸأûй
ûһҶռбرȥѾ㹻ĴˣҪͲһ˶𸮼ʹҪռҲ޿κΣֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿţΪ𸮴£˾ͽʤؿ˵붼ȥˡ
ʱ˿̵ķ·֢İҫеıͼѰűأͼϵıǣһƬɳһƬзȵɽ֮УؾڷȵһѨ֮ڡ
ⱦͼļصΪϸֵעôϸıͼڰҫ·ϣǱǲ
ҫѾֲˣ죬˵ˣСɽûһҪڹѭϢ
񹦰֮ܵѭҹ߿ԶĻӵ£Ҳ߲Զò˶þҪʬҰ
Ҫڷ̶ܳȣҫƿԱΪħˣʱ޿̲ɳɹ֮أѰ֮ʱҲ
ҫȡ˸ɣȫëչޱȵĿе֮գ֮ڵھƤ֮У֮ͬϵĴﵽʱǿǡ
˵·ҲڵľͣĥĸӾ񡣵ϣ촸Խͬʱָһھõһͨҩ䣬˯
Ļ֮£ҫ辶ʣҫһ춼ĬĬĽ䲻˵츲أҲǾ١
뾡취ϧһУþʱִűǿģڷܲͿԸ񣬽еһҲѰˡ
ҫǿøǿԼȥػߵˣȥػߵͲ¶
үЦǴ󰡣ҫ䲻˵ʲô֮ӣҲһ˲ŰɣⲻϷ츳͸ҵĶǲҪô󰡣
ҫ˲ڻɳ֮ϣҫޱȵգ·һš
𣡡
ҫһһҰ޵ĶУҫ·𴥵һͦŴ۶˵ү
䣡䣡䣡
һ΢ĺӲԶҫ˫Ŀӥһķ򣬵һ̤ɳһ죬ɳ̤ķһƬͬڵһ㣬Ϊһߣ֮ء
һĹ򣬰ҫڼɽȣǺҲԽԽɽ֮ܵɽ֮ϣϵʯ䣬ĺϴһ˲ͣĴӲԶɢ
ҫüͷһ壬һЦ˼Ķƽ


ʮһ īǼ߰ȭ
䣡
һ񱩵ĶԺɢȥ֮ɳʯɽڶѣʯɢ䣬Ӱű˴˵ľ˿һߡ
ڵһοյ֮УһĻһһɫۣɷűɱơ
Ӹֶѣ֮ǰǰĸߴԺһǣһ΢΢Ĳţһ˫˫ĿĶǰڱԼΧĸߴꡣ
Ǹߴ߳߿⣬Ũüۣ絶һ̣òΪ㡣ͻߴͣһ׳ļͬһ㽫ϵ𣬳˱ըԵСƥȭÿһȭӶ֮ʱһѣޱȣס
ʱߴڱߵΧţīŨ̹Ʈ޶·ɴڣ׽ÿͣչ֮ʱԻֳһߣɫ۸ǵģ
ߵͣڸߴߣ߱ڣƷ裬֮ĸ̶ȣǺޱȡߴҲû˿Ļңȭдᣬʱʱƣһʱ֮޼ѰֻĴߣ֮
°ʵҿĽڹǱȽǡһЦЦ
īҳ°īԶԹ޳·ϮɱǺε
ߴǽжԴһŵſ°һ˫ȭǧӲʤȭ輫֮ߣڹΪޱȣһʵǹľ콾
ǣûīҸ°ȷûʲôԹʮƽҪͷīҽˣīҸɵʲôҲͲҶ˰ɣīЦ
°üͷһ壬˵ͷصˣīǽɱ֮һǮ׬ҲīԸ񡣲ƾīӾȡҳ°ͷ»ʸ񣡡
ô°ϵܵĺڿе󰡣
ҳ°˵һһ˵㲻ʸǲʸ񣡡
һ䣬°ӿգ֮˵ƽڽ쳣ɣɽһܳȥߵʱξʧ
𣡡
°һ֮з·һͷͷɢīӶĤʹɲ֮ʧ˷硣
°ŭĿԲؽҧҰ޵˻Ѫ˫һƥǽԼֻͺһ˷ǲʳһƬĺӰ֣ľˣ˲Ϣīӵһǰ
Ǽ߰ȭ˲ɱ
ȭ°Ƕȭͷ׼īӵһ˵һȭǰ׺ޱȵһȭֱӽԷؿڴһԴѪǱһأ漫产˾㤡
ī˲һˣжӳ׼°ԼĿյһչΪֱܳ°ȥգ۱㵽˫ڷֱһУͬʱ°š
°˫Ŀ΢΢һУһ˿΢Ц¶Ϊ֪ľҪ͵Ϯ֣ʵǷһ޴Ĵһ֣ô׵ĽԼ¶Լĵˣ
°һ΢΢һͣԼ˵ֱۣ˳ų°˫翰û˵ֺ°ķӦǿզࡣ
͵Ϯʧֵһ˲ͰãҪ֮ʱѾˡ˸׻˲ʹޱȣڷû³
°һ˫ҿʵʵĺڶ˵ĸ˫ץס˵䣬һĶ˦ǰһ׶ˮһǳɡ
°ʹ˫糱ˮӿһ͸򣬽ѹڣһкǽڱѵ˱ѹԽѹԽСѪ⼸Ҫѹãֲ龰ʣļΪ֮ڡ
Ǽ߰ȭɣ
°һֱðֲ˫֮еݺһףƤһ㽫ɽڡͬڵһɳ򣬺ɽ֮ըʱѪܷɽīӳʵ࣬ȫʬ
Ϣ֮䣬īӲˣ°׺ŵʣӴ˭ٶ°׺Ѫ񣬶ȻһƲһɿ񱩵ɱ¾΢ݣϲޱı飬ӾȻŵʶĺһ
ʱīع֮ǰ°׺Ѫ壬ǿ磬к̵ʽһʱİˡ侲Ȼһ˳ס
ŸնɱˣΪīӣʧܣѵɾô
īһﾪˣʣ˵ֱǵͷȣӷȻ鹥ƣ°ɱȥ
ֶԾƼΪҪһʧƣ㹦ͨ죬ҲԷʮ֮һһƶʢ㹦΢ܱϵʵīʵǡôֵ֣ûˡ
°ٴ⵽Χɱī˫ڣӰ°ÿһŶ֮һ㣬Ʋɵʣӵİ͵Ϯ°һʱ⵽ѹƣزܣҲƣڱ
Ǽ߰ȭһż׺ݿԵϹȭһʩչҪĲ쳵Ͳ˵ˣҪѪƵۣܷӳֲɱ
Գ°ΪҲеʽȭѣһ࣬Ѫ壬Ϣ״̬½٣֮ǰ׺Ѫ˥˲٣īʣһǿе
һΪڶƴԭԶ֣֮ǺòҪ£ҰҫҪֹһܲɣ
һŭȻصͷ֮ϣһӰ


ʮ 
֮ϻƸ죬֮£һޱȵĻ浶ޱȣգ籩һϯ¡
ī磬磬д֮һâ飬·ɢӵâҳ̶˵֪ӲӲãֻܽж
һߴҫһƺȵĻ̼۳һҫζǡǴһͷŭƾޱȡ
ƣɽ
ҫһʽɽ˶֮Уһ֮ɢӣÿǰаҫһƣȫɿȥ߷϶бѪԿҫһʽƷֺ֮䣬ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ڰҫӻ֮ǳȻûɢӵֱīȥǾ޴ͷ·Ҫī£еһֻɽѵصơ
ڰҫһƱϮīӽԱɻûס֮ʱ°ץסյ˲䱩һչԾжǰһ˫ȭ˳ƺ˵ͷ­ȭֲޱȣһǰгֱƥ֮ơ
Ǽ߰ȭԡѪ
飡
˵Դһ㱬ԽѪһأ°ٴʩչǼ߰ȭ˫ȭʹ֮£ֱӽ˴ıͷ
ײޱȵȭǰѽʣĶŵûɢų°ѪޱȵЦ˱һУͬʱΪ𣬷ɿܱӶȥ
īӿν۽˲ˣȫʬޱȣʣĶ˱°˵ֱߡ°Ҳû׷Լʱ˿̵״̬ޱȣʹɱ˽ʣˣԼҲܸصˣ˶˸ãԼҲʱȫˡ
°ϥϢڷϢѪͬʱҲĬĬĿŰҫīĶս˵ʵڵİҫǿޱȵĵǳԾС֮٣Ҳͬ
䣡
ҫƲ˵һƣȵīȭԺ䣬˾Ķײ֮£ǵضɽҡɽϵʯ䣬Ǿ켸֮Զ
īһ죬ֱ۾һ󱻻հʹж԰ҫչֳʵеĪľ
ʵĹΪ˵īҪʤҫһֻǣҫǿƵǳһˣҳвգһǳɣ᲻ֱֹīȥϾѾѹīīһδսӣʵӻɣҫƶʢʵȻӡ
īֱʹѣȴҫһƾһʱѲҫһЦһŤ޷תʱȭƷ롣
ҫżһ棬ٴһתһתݣұ۱ıֱΪƵῳȿ񱩵ĵī䣬ݺݵһҪնϡ
գ
䴫һɷѵĵīüͷһ壬ǹڵת£ΪһǰȥֻһһƳɫĻ浶źɴܵһԡ
ī˿֮ԶһתڵȳϨϵĻ𾢣һ˫Ķסҫš
ɶСᣬһΪȴĺˣͲӵеģЩͻȻƾմֶˣǵôģ
īƽԼʮĹǰЩСƨ޵ˣмȵĲƽ⡣
ĻСӣīҵ¶ҹܣɣīȵ
īôΣҹʲôңҫԣһܶˣҺΣҫ˫Ŀ΢У쳣
֪ߵغҰСӣҪīҵ£ҪĴۡҿᣬһΪ֮ףڸҹ¿ͷҾոյĲ֮ȥ򣬱صīң׷ɱһһݣ
īв֮⣬ɴҫĶҲûôˣҫһЦծ಻ѹҫҲ٣īһ࣬īһ٣ƾвҫҲδ̫һ㡣
ҫΪԼһǲĴڣɣ
īҲŻ˭תȥҳ°㲻׷λ֣ī¾ûīˣⲻ̵ʱϢ°һĹѾָϣ˵Ȼʮ㡣
ߣǸɱңͲīҶǸϾɱôīй
ͺ˵һ㣬ծ಻ѹǽˣˮڣīҾ˱ǣɱһɱ׬˭֪أֻǣʱ˿ڤ粻ĻôھҪ°ǰҫԣƵ
ҫ˵ͷ˵˵Ļҵ˼Ϣʱ俼ǣʱһͰ°ɣ
ģƱǿȻӣʧأȥⲻطĵ׵Ļһ֣ұɡˣطùǱӳ˵
ҫ°īסˣɽˮձȡī˼һأ𣬼Ծʧɽ֮Уֻôһ԰в
ī뿪֮󣬳°һŰҫһ֣˷лҫ֣򣬳°֮ǣ°ڴлˣ
ҫȭ񣺡ֲлҫʲôƽ֮£ϰ֮һ֮ĶûУѧкã
°΢΢һЦҫֻ֣֮δƽΪ˰һİˣȥһֵ
ֶˣҫƾĶΪ˻Ҫô򣬸ԼıߣʹˣҲڣ
ҫһ°˲Ժǧ˼תƺʲôҡͷЦвͣ߶Űҫһ䣺Լıߣ
Ƭ̹󣬳°ջ˼֪Լʧ̬ˣȭЦҫֵһϯéٿܽˡ֪ҫçյΪ£ܰæģ°岻ݴǣԱҫֵľ֮
һҪ̳֣
˵޷
ֿ֪ںεأ
˴ˣ



ʮ ʶ붴ر
ɲ飬ҫⲻ֮٣ȴײѰ֮أԵɺϣɺϱˣƾ͸ҫĻԵ
ҫ֣Ҫ̽°ʵ
ҫ˵ͷصżȻõһűͼصλñڴ˴
°üͷһ壬ҫ쳣Ź֣ҫ֣ܻ˵ԼͼͲɱԽô
ҫ΢΢һЦҡҡͷص˵Ȼ£һ¿ڣǸʵȥػñͼڶһָо°־ֲ֮ˡҲƾĸоҽύ˲ֵܣҲΪָоŻҾ㡣
°üͷһЦҫ֮⣬Ҷ˱ػΪֵܣ
ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷº͵Цݣ°вһ˿˿ĸдҫͦ˼ļһ
°һȭڵȻܵõҫ˵Σοܹҫֵľ֮±ҫֹͬѰ·Ĳգȫϣ֪ҫΣ
ҫһЦӳԸǰ°ЦǵȻòһ̫ˣ˽飬Ͼ֮ддգĵãҲôġڱҵ˵Ǹȡ裡
Ե׽ţ͸壬Ѱ޷ǣȫûа취ȥѰΪԵޣȴУޱȡ
ҫ°ǻԵôҲԿ˽ģضƽȻҫ⽭µĻԵֺֹ°һˣҶġ١ָнڴ֮С
ҫóͼϸͼеλãͼ֮ǵλڷȵļСɽ֮䣬滹עһ֮С
ĹƴޱߣռطΧ޷֪ǰҫڵķȣռﲻֹҪôɽһôݶΪ
ҵү㶺أͼϿֻô󣬿ʵϵķﲻֹƾˣϳɰǧ궼δҵءҫڵϣò֪ôŪĿ֦š
ҫľٶһԵĳ°Ʋѣûпҫݸֵʣ֮ǰǴ̬ǿֵ̬γһּΪĶԱȣ⻹°һʱ֮еԽܡ
ҫգνҵ뱦ԵԻѰãⱦûݻԵҲǿ󲻵ãرԻԵȥõ°ҫ߰ο
ҫ˶ϵĳ׵ģֻͻȻֱˣ˵ĸоѣɧ
°ͷ΢ΣҫԸǶ䣬˽ʱޱȣ졣ϾʱԴǣֲͣҲѪֱʿʣЩսթ֮Ҫóٱֵֹýύأ
ҫ°һһľߣ취ڵĵطڱͼжλҲԽԼڵĵطͼעصλýжԱȣСΧ
Ʋһ˷ֿ£ֿϱȥѰһЩȽϱ־Եͨͼաҫϣ°ʱ֣ԭػϡ
ƻʱ֣˻صԭأ˴˽ԼѰı־㣬ڱͼϱǴҫҪߵĳ嶯Ļʢ
ҫҪ߷ԭǣͼ±ע󣬱صλãǶ˵λصˣҲ˵뱦صľߣΧ֮ڡ
үүһʱ䣬ԭⱦضǸˣҫ߬űͼ̧ͷգЦ
°ҡͷԤϣڻɣڤڤ֮ǲʲôڹҡ
°ҫļҲ˵һ񴫵ݣҫȻ˲˳°˼ֻһᣬ˫һ棬һ죬Ļˣͬˮһܳȥ
ƣޱߣ
ڰҫ˫ƺڵ֮ʱ°ҲţתǿȭȻڵ֮ϣһȫڻ˵ŻϮȥ
ɾӣû𣬷ศɣ̶һֹգ֮䣬谭ɽڡ
ǣ
һ죬ڶ˲Զһɽ֮ϣ滯Ϊ䣬䴦һĵĶѨǰҫ̽Ѱıضˡֻǣҫ°ȴ˭ûȥǸѨ˶Ա˴˵ʵһ̶ȵ˽⡣
ڹΪޱȣͬʵһ㣬ʵƤʹѣҫһԶԶͣ츳ǱŴĴڣҸô°˼š
ȭϵƥôصһȭȻԵûһ˿ĿݣɼȭѾ˵Ƿ켫ĵزдᣬշ磬ƵĲ಻٣ַ֮Ҳҫ˼š
˶Ƭ̣౧ȭ˵ˣ
⻰һڣ˽ǲޱȣôݣͨôҫ°һ֮ͬʱЦ
ҫ°ֻԼֺ֪ǵɽδ֮Ķˡ


ʮ ڰеĿ빴Ķ
ˣǳ°òҲк֮
ٱĪҪС˴ӣոյõϢ֮ǰ¸ɱīӣڰԴչɱӽնɱīˣȫʬīʹŽʣĶĶӡɼӵʵԲСٱӦýԴǣ
ߣûǸͱֻ֤īҵĽжѡǽɱ֯ͷȫʵˡ
ڰҫ°ڵصĲԶںڰеһɽ֮ϣʮңңעŶˡͳһװ˶ͣž¶˫ԿĳȺ˾Բʲô֮
վȺǰһֱһһ١ٵģͦΣò㣬üĿ٬
ϵģһϯ׷ɽ򳤺׶ȫû˵ĳĺ㣬̣͸¶һ˵ľ⣬ɼһΪȻޱȡ
һһ޼ɵ̸ţ˵ʱͶһֱϹϾ˵ʱʢˣ˵пԿ˵ݣͣ
ǣȻɤžʹ󣬷Ȼ㵽һ㶼û䣬ֳִΪǵ˶ģ뿪㱳㷶Ȼ磡
һĳЦüͷһ壬ͷҲصЦκ޷磬ʮЦٲˣҲòȥοҲʵһ֣ﾡ˼߽Ҳ±Ц
ʱһʮ£Ӻڰ߳ǷȻԣ֧鱣һľ룬˴˶䱸ŶԷ
òͨͨͨһжԵֻͨͨ˫ͫȴ͸¶һּ黫ޱȣݶɫʡȻȴĺܣκ޷翴ͨ£һ񶾵ģٰ֣ıͷģսթ֮
ߣȻ֮Ҳ㣬ϻҲ˵Ҳǵһδ򽻵ˣ˴Ҳ֪֪ף֪еĿģɱ°ΣֻҪǶıأҲµûɣκ޷һƲȻһƺߵʵĿġ
Ȼ߶һۣ˴̺֮һ˿ɱ⣬ȻЦһصôκ޷绹ɣǸʵô˵еħű뵨ˣ
ӣħűͷߣҪȸʵ㷶Ȼֺʱʤˡ˲Ϧ͵ĽħűҪ׳Ƴκ޷Ѿ䣬һ˿ĸ顣
ƾһ仰
Ȼһκ޷˲׺ޱȣǹɱӿκ޷硣κ޷Ҳǲʾͬһɿ񱩵ɱ¾֮糱ˮӿ뷶Ȼͥ
ȻԵߣǰһ䲢磬ͽֹκ޷ǿߣͬǰһͽ֮ⲻ·硣
ԭ}}Ӱʬ}Уλ}أЦ
ˣɥħϣ}ӰʬĻص
ʱ֧νǽţˮݣһԲϱֱӴֵļƣ˫ƽڽһƬתܲ¡
ӴǺǺǺǣλ磬ٴ˷ָ£ʹǡūҴͣλȡºˣǺǣ
һű¶ɴĸŮӣһЦЦɽͷڶŵķȻκ޷ˡ
üͷһ壬˴֮һգվΣ֮к磬ĶŮӡ
Τ࣬ĵӻǴ󰡣Ȼ뽭֮УͲ߽ŷնɱô
һɫߵӣʮɫߵ£ŮΤԲԶһɽ֮ϣͳܷģӦڸǹˡ
ǺǣħҲò˶٣ҿ˵ˣȥģһ׷ѰСټҪɱܡ׷ˣԷʮͱĽնΣڶ೤ϴȲӵǲİ
ɣ
ħΤĿޱȣɱȻȶ¼֪˲٣ÿ𣬶Ṵеŭ
ҧһëɱ˳°ʱȷ¶ԹһȺȸȱص֣ƴһҲ٣ǾΡκ޷ôܵĹÿһ˵ĶС
Ƭ̵ĳ֮ͷŮʾͬ⡣ħűٱȻ}}ͽκ޷磬ħѪŮѪΤ࣬ħ֮һħ
ķÿһڽжڶ֮У˵ϣ֮н°ҫ˼⣬ƺƵʮˣٶ͸¶̰Ѫ°ҫΪ׵ĸ
°ߵǸ˭ħʵ
ʱͻȻİҫŴƵ˫ڹΪ쳣һյڹķȻߵɥħϻش
û£ް֣һ࣬һ٣谭ͷëκ޷Ļص
΢΢ͷδôˣô㣬ҪĶԿĿ껹ǳ°ѣһǿĴڡ
ʱҫ°ʼǶȥͥûвڰеĶ෽ӣʵȻ
ȵҹ˺䣬ȻôӬӣ
ҫ븡꣬ȽȥͣôҲδһģɱҲ򵥵ĺܣ
ţ°˵


ʮ ر
飡
ҫƷӿǰ˵ľʸȫſԵĳ°һ̤棬ͬһֱڵɽ֮С
ݣݣݣ
ңֵļʸ°°һɣһ˿³һ˫Ƹ֣ı۰򣬶ʱתӶ֮ʱȻһͲӰɷ档
°˫ʹ˫ޣпļʸһʱֺҫͫһаԺȲʣ°ȭ˾̾ѣĸᲢãʱ޼᲻ݣʱˮ֣ɼ°ȭϵ˹
ڳ°ɴܳʮ׿ʱҫ˲𣬽ϣֻǹ鷢ˣܵٳʸֻһμʸ֮ǰһ֡
⻹û֮꣬һļʸͷɢ͵Ĺ㣬֮һļʸͷɫĻ棬뷢ҫĴʱޱȡ
°֣ң
ҫһڵľ˲ޱȣգ֮ĲΣ漴ݺչ
һΰĳѹȶȥͬһ³ǽеļʸٻѹ飬ͬʱǳӳʮ֮Զǽڸ
ͬʱ°żһٴ𣬶ʱļʸɣ籼ףոհҫĴй֮޲
°ڶνʱҫĺҲոյպõĽ°ǰļʸ忪һ°ĶУѾ˰ҫ˼
°ȫ˫һչڵӿţεֿ߳İҫͬ޽ҫơ
°˫ǰһҫݺ˦ҫ˺һ֧ǿֱֱķʮԶ
ڳ°ҫǰ˦ȥ֮˶ʱϢ鸡֫ȥҫڱֱķɳʮԶ֮ԭзȴֵķ֣û⵽κμʸĹǵƻͨ
һŵȼʮԶͷľͷһɫĻǽ˸ĺ⡣
ʱеļʸĻȫֹͣһлعƽ˾ҫ£ĬĬһ亹ؿƵһֻǻļʸ䣬ʵȴΪ
࣬ȣǻӶɱģҲ˵ֻһĸ֪ϵͳͨԽ࣬ɵɱԽǿ
ĻأǿĻأУҲֻŲ죬ر֮˱ЩһĽ뢣һƵıء
ҫĳ°ĻΪȻڵļʸأűȽóǵֱʣ
°˵ͷʾͬ⣬˵ʵڵĶ˴˷־գǶ޷ͨ£ƶ˱ģпܡ
ҫͷ˿ĳԼ֮ľ룬Ŀһ£ʮңҲͰ׵ľ룬漴һЦ׵ľ룬ΪǺЩƨجΣ
׵ľжԶЩʥĸ˵ֻҪһ͵ˣĻ֮£Ҫ󲿷˵СסǶķĽŲȫ׾١
ǽǰⱡһȼյĹĻǽԵǳڳ°ʮȭĺ֮£ǽˮư㵴°еȭйȥΣԳǽûɷֺˡ
ҫ˼Ƭ̣ʾ°˺󣬶ǰ˫һǽԲת⿴Ʋ˫۷תȴ°һּĸо·ǽҫ
ǽͣıҫţ濴ͺһԽתԽҵУ³ǽҫǣɷ
ƣ
ҫһͺȣ˫һȻչǽҫһһйʱɢΣɢǰһƬʡ
ãһɾõ֮ÿһȿƣһҲһ°
չڶǰһԲι㳡춥Բм߸ߵʯ̨ʯ̨֮ϰڷľУ˶ѡ
ҫ˫ĿһУһϴһĨЦ°һ̤ͬ㳡֮ڣ˽㳡֮ĳǽɣסһĻûҫ°ľţΪ˵ĿĶǰľС
ر㳡ھǻƽ鱦Ļô˱Ťͷߣһ۶࿴ûнƱô϶ĵرˣֳĵļֵ߸˵Գǰǧ
˵ʵڵĽǮƸĸ˵ûʲôԼʵĶıءֻҪӵжʵǮƸ֮
ʯ̨ǰʯ̨Ҳһף°һ֣ľԶ򿪣һɱȵϢĹâҫޱȣ˵ĻѲڿе˲ʲô䲻Ĺ
ߵľڷһƤᣬұߵľڷһɢųϢĺɫ裬ҫһڿˮ


ʮ 絤Ԫ
𣬵ɳɫûв´Ļ˵ǽ޼ɵ󱦵֮һ絤
°˵һԵİҫ΢ãȻ֮ǰͨҩϢ֪˵ȻʲôƷֻǳʵǷֱ治ⵤҩͷЧá
ҫǫʵ£ǳֽ󣡡
°˵ͷ˵ţٶ¼ƹ˵˵Ҫִ֮һ¯ƣʧʼ֮ߣ쳣ϡг̶ȱ֮޼ɵй֮˵Ϊ浤Ϊ˵һƳɹ̷ҩЧþЧޱȡ
˵ЧãΪ׶壬֮󣬵ҩеҩһǿߵĹѪ⣬Ѩڵϴһ飬ߵĽǿһ˼ĵز̷ڹķǼ´ԣǸ绢ҩҩֱӸߵĵڵһʹӵʵһ⡣Ȼ̷ڹǼ´Ǳֻ𵽶á
°˵ʱҫˣǳȴ䲻Ը񣬶ˣⱦ絤ֱΪġ
ͬʱ˵Ƿëǰϡ٣ųɾŵ˶ΪΪ絤˫Чӳɣýͬʱ֮£ʵǿһֹ
ⱦ԰ҫԾŴãԼҲǼΪɼʹˣҫҲûһ˿Ҫɱ°̵롣
°ҪôҫȻṰãΪΪãԼʵҲŷԾҲò֣ڰҫȸߡ°Ͽɣύô֮ȣ絤еķûôˡ
˵Եҫ˰ɣ°ҡҡͷ˵
ΪΣʹĲǼ´ڹķҩǿ֮˵ŴãȭԽǿʵԽǿ˵˵ҲЧģ
°ҡͷֹصʺϲõģԼʽ˵Ȼ浤̷֮ҵƻĲǼ´ڹҩЧֻ𵽶ãǱǲҫһĴڹñ絤绢ʵߵһܿɹ۵ĵزһǿҩõķӣǷⱦ絤ʵѡ
ֵܣҰҫҪύҫи̾˵ʵڵ־Ʒջ£ܼסԼıģԼ·Ի󲻱ʧûˡ°ϵĻд࣬ͬʱҲԽҪ°ύ
°֣кѴǣҫĬĬ˵
°΢Цҡҡͷ˴֮ղڳ°ҲǼ俴ذҫģ絤ľйر֮󣬳°ƤᣬϸĿš
ֻǿۣ°㿪Ц˷رȷҳ°Եܻҫֵľ֮Ҳˡ
°ֺγԣҫüʵ
Լɣ°еƤݸҫҫӹƤ̯һЦá
Ƥĸҫ۵ĵɫӳҫУ澭£Ԫ
澭һϹžڹķͷھȶǲĴڣ˼ڴף澭ȻǴˡ
澭ΪϾڹ¾ʽ
ϾΪľͬһϣŹɾѨ˾Ԫ֮ȡ֮޳ޡ
澭־£¾ԪֻҪгɣܹ֮߱ͨΪãԴԴ޾ɸտᣬʱϴֺɽѿգʱ򷨿ж򾢣а֡һо֮ͨ쳹֮ܡ
ҲҪǰµĸпɾԪķûá˾ԪƤ澭˵޼֮䵽˰ҫȴһĲֵͺñȸ¥һ㣬ֱӸǶûǽûеػǼֱ췽ҹ̷
ҫۣҪŻľ㣬ɾڴʱҫˣҲǶ˶Χһвˣ·ʱռ䶼סһ㣬ȫֹ
Ƥǵɫַһöö·һ㲻ͣķɳҫ˫֮ͫڡǰһоͺ񵱳ҫڽƷɱнʶһ㣬ɷޱȡ
һϢ֮ƤϼؾԪַѾҫ˫ֻͫҪһ룬ԪķھȻڰҫԺУͺʱһΪ
ҫ֣û°ɣ°ҫ㶵ĶƤ֣İҫļʵ
ҫع˵ͷ˿Ƥɲ˾ԪķھַɲҪǳ֪ԼԺѾһһģһݡ
Ҳ˵ΪҫһݣԶᶪʧᱻȡݡ
ʵ̫˼ˣѵǽǰҵģ뿪ɽ֮ѧҲ٣o˪ķҲûгѽԪ˵ûʲôãǾ񹦣ȫۣɿֻķûǰµĹʹҲ֮ûа취
ҫ˼ǧͻȻһ콫ҫѣǳǽʱ粣һ㻯ΪƬɢ䣬һɿ񱩵ӿ㳡֮ڡ
λ̨ƥﻳһ˵رʸӵеģԹԷ£󷢴ȱǶһȫʬ
˭ҵĹҲˣܳҷҽУֳִӣҫƲһͻȻʮˣЦ


ʮ ŭɱ
ʱ֮ǰڶķͨ˻֮ڡΪ׵ˣУ¾Ե΢Ǳһ㡣
ķ£ήңϢңϵٶ𣬻ǴвٵѪա֮ԭȵĽٺˣȴֻʣʮңǻʵǳԿС˲ҲΪ
ֻǣȻʧڲأΪ׵Ůһı飬·µ޹һ㣬Ǳ·˵ūŶѣʲô˵ģ
ҫĿ磬ȺӦòͬһΪ׵ӦøͷһǷ꣬һľޱ꣬һɴű¶ŮӣһɫߵӣϿ˶ʲôǵ
ҫ֣ǰЩˣһĸɫߵλħ֮һĽħŮħѪŮѪΤ࣬ľľ}}ͽκ޷磬ǿӣǽа֮һħűٱȻ
°˵ȻʱзǳԵĴһҧгݵζŭǺݣǳ
°г𣡡ҫʵ
Ѫ𣡡°ص
ˣҫ˵ͷ
ոճ䱾ĿİҫȻ΢΢һЦҲѰҫ֮ǰĳЦϣһģ
кָ̣ҫһƲص
ҫֵͷҲжš˴ģɲǱʶʱ㽫رϣԼɱ֮ǲٰ֮ȻһƵģһɱȴͬӰӿ
ɱ֮ƾ㣡ҪɱˣҪˣ˵ʵڵԴʵ˹ǰҫѾŹˣӷȻͷϼҪѵԿʱѾŭɶ
󵨣Ҷħűٱٹ¿ͷϴ򣬱ھն㣡ǷȻߵɥħϣŭȣҫĻеķǷС
ҫЦͣĿһ˳ֱ϶֮˱һɼǿĻ糱ˮӿƿޱȡ
еİҫ˫һչһĻޱȣһͬը죬صڶ֮УūţҸٱ˵ʱֵ죬ִ򣡡
ҫͬ׹أ˫ƶ׼ֱȥֲޱȣȵҪȼڳ˶оԼͬ¯֮У±ޱȡ
ߣ֪ߵغСϱȫ㣡
ɥħ񣬻һɺޱȵ֮ɫаޱȣͬаħȺУһ˫ɿݵƱһƬ֮ɫаɭɭ˫ֱϣҫµ˫ƺȥ
ƣٳǣ
ħӡһʽа죡
䣡
ԣ춯أа׵ƾԺ䣬ŭΰɢһη籩ķ¶ʱĶᣬվվȣΨй߾֮ɰ׶
Գ֮£ҫ˱׷ɣٿռշҫص°ߣһеģոɥħϵĶƴûиɶ˺
ҫ򶨵ıȣɥħԵеܻˣиǷߺ뺧ȻСӣᣬһô˻ȫȡ
ɥħ˫һ𣬽ڵľȳɼʹˣʹҫĵ˫֣ͬ˿˿а֮͸֮Խɥħϵаȳ
ϹİþʱవĿǣ򣬾һа֣룡ҫа룬߲ͣĹѾȳ߰˰ˡ
ҫްɣ°˫ĿʼսǰȺˣƿֺȴɹػ
޷ҫҡҡͷص
˵ĶƴƾУʵϣǰҫһУϾɵĿǰҫɥħжʵ
ҲǷǳģܱɶѾ֤˰ҫǷʵʴʣǷʸǽа壬˵ҫԼʵڳˡ
ɥħüͷ壬һҧгݵģȻոյıҲû䣬ƽɫĽɽܲˣǰȴȻ̧¡
ҫʽӦҲףرǴߵģɴرǷȥӴ˲پΣħȿ˵
ҫ˼ǵ
ħ˵ͷĳҫǴƽˣҫٵرһɢԼòģҲñ˵õˡ
첻ԸҲûа취ڰҫ֮ʣǷȻţţߣ°ߣħűɱ֮ˣ
軹̸ƨ˷ʱ䣡Ҹ°˽Ҫ˻ءɴҷرѪսٻغϣ
ҫЦҡͷͻȻޱȣһ׺ޱȵĻ˫ۣͬŻһ㣬˫ȻһľУͬһ׶
ãҫִ廤ң°ԸҫֽΪֵܣͬ
ֵܣֵܶ˱ִɱɱһѪɺӣ
ҫһȣ׹ⶴ֮ڣͬʱһɾɱȻħĲѡ


ʮ ΧŲ
屡죬εգҫ°μİˣ֮ǰֵĻԵɺ֮½ύֵܡ
ڻԵɺ֮£ҫ˳°һأڻԵɺ֮¶ҵأǻԵɺ֮¶˱ķΧһϵеĻԵɺϣֱӳһ켣һеһУֻݣǱǣ⡣
ҫʲôԸ񣬳°Ȼҫʶ̶̵һգǴӰҫ̸ֹУȫԿҫԸĺܲһ޾ЦЦ޾Ϳޣûκι˼ɣûκμĴԸ޾ЦŭƾĶΪ
ͬʱֻҪ˵£϶˵ˣ᲻һաͺҫԸٵرҲҪ°˵ԭҲͬǳ°򶯵ԭܸҫ壬ܷģҲġҫʶҲţҫԻǸս֮ˡ
ҫ˫ƻӡݺһģͨľܾܵҫ֮һ죬ľмɽľбƬɢһء
ȻŭħΤͬ۵ŭͬʱʩչѸ͵ɱУͬʱҫ
ڰҫ࣬һĨ𣬷Ȼֳצֱҫʺȥצ׺ݣʹɫֱưҫаȻ֮գ֮ҫǰƿޱȣ쳣
֣˲Ϣɱ
ڰҫҲ࣬һħ˫һϣ磬һϹɵĽɫƣ֮ϣˮһ㲻ͣߣޱȡ˫һ֮Ȼƾͬƺӷһգۻŭӿƥ磬Ʋɵ
񹦣ɽƪ
ڰҫм䣬һɫĹ˪纮̹ǣΤһ˫ָһìһ׶ָƥ溮ʴǣÿһֱָҪȥƼ
׹ָѪȾ쳾
ֱַͬʱɱҫһе·Ʒ۵糸ѸͿݣ׺񱩣ɽҪҫնɱ
˸еֵǣ˵κ޷ôŷȻҫɱȥԼȴΪȫûгֵĴ㡣
ʱİҫȻһеģֻ˫һչ·תԲ̣Բһת֮ȴңٶȻȴһаɸС
ۣһƻǳ̫ͼγǰһޱȵɱסҫ˫ȻתԲǳ̫ͼҲżһȻ˵ıʱþޱȣ˵ʽȻȫƫ뷽򣬱˴˶Ժ䣬ʼɱ
Ҳ˵ȻĴֹΤ࣬Τİ׹ָħħɽƪֱȻ˱ҫǳ̫ͼǣ๥ɼɱ
飡飡飡
ȻνʳԭΧɱһƿʵʵıԵĹƻ˺ͬʱһѪɶأԼ½ס
֮󣬷Ȼͬʱ̧ͷţһ˫׵񣬽ŰҫţƺҪҫոһнķţ͸κ޷ıҲͬ
ͬ𾪵ĲֹǷȻˣаҫԵĳ°ҫһ֣֮ǰͼںǳǽʱõľһС
ɳ°ȫԿʱİҫֻС¶һ֣ʽҲ¶˱ɽһǶѣȫʩչȻЧ
ǳ̫ͼһУȻܽԷʽȫס漴ǣжǲζţֻʹУκʽðҫҲѹˡ
СΪƾЩʽȡǲ֪νҫƴһսҲҪ˸ҵʬס
ҫֶٲȻѹȻˣưҫݣƾһбֵĺϻʵп֪
ҫոʩչУŲƣǾеĵҪﵽ֮гɣеԴɲں̫ж֮Լǳޱǣ֮֮£Ժò˵ֻҪǹԵʽѵﲻжĵز
Ҳ˵ֻҪŲһʩչһɼǿᾢᱩԷʽǣסӶжȺս֮ʱǿԽ˵ʽתƵ𴦣ﵽʹ˻ɱĵزν򷨲մԿж
ȻеʧʽǿǺΪ쳣ʽԽǿĵԽ࣬ʽѧﶼˣõٱҪʧȥ٣بŲĶɡ
ҫʹ֮һֱĳ࣬Ϣʱһ飬ĳƲֻ࣬ϵĸоһˮʾĻôˮ˵һӾͱҪһĳ̶ȣĲνް
ȻҫһĲ쳣ǹ޾ƴݱ˲ĵԲŻ˵Ƿ׺ݵĻŶԷµһ̣ȻҪϸӭͷʹ
ʱȻҲǱҫŵˣҫǲҪʯٵƹȻġǾĻǸոǻɱһС
ʵǰǸˣҲǴˣΪ˿ɲֻ˱˴ʽİѣڵѪҲͬոհҫиޱȡͬʱʽӴҫǳ̫ͼʱһ޷ֿУʵĻŲѡ
ƽѪ֮ʱҲ˼ţûǸҪ԰ҫ°˸ϾɱҪϾɱĻôһĵˣ˭ֻһΪҫеǸʬ֮ˡ
˭롣


ʮ κ޷ľļֵ
˾𲻶֮ʱȻͻȻĿһһƺʲôϲһֱûжֵκ޷ˡ
ҫ֣ȻѾȥҵȼʹɱҲãй֮٣κ޷粻мΪ֮Ȼ˿ֶҲ潻ֻҪҫڳŵǷһ飬˱㲻ΪֺȥΣ
κ޷ĲݣһλħΤŤͷȻ˶ж棬˵ĶȫԿеľ죬ֻзȻȴˣЦעǸ̨ϣҫȥľС
ҫüͷһ壬Ȼ֪κ޷«ʲôҩľƣһȻͶһݻȥĻᣬǱ㱧ȭ˵ãκֵĶҫˣֻҪհҫȥձػ顣
ڣκ޷絹Ǹɴĺܣһȭתȥ}}Ҳûж⣬ͬתȥ
κ޷ĪľٶħΤһԴʺţҲͰˣȻһҪҫõ˼ǰ˼ˡ
κ޷̬ȣôֵǿˣǸɱ˰ҫˣκ޷ǰȥǺѾϡ
ѻ٣ɱҫйߣҲ޼£ѵɱǱػ±ɣο԰ҫ°ʵټκ޷˳ⷽӮѾûԭǰˣ˵ʯ٣ͬھĽ֡
ǲɱѵҪֿտնأ֪ˣǳԲ˶ߡο˳ȥ˵֪ûûһ˿ڿˣԼʮ˴Ӱҫ϶ᱦûᵽҫһжˣ⴫ȥĻȥ߽ҫ°ĳˣǺò硣
ǽҲҲǣڶ˿֮ʣȻȴɭЦ˸ãһ˸Ҳֵڣ˭ߵģү
ħΤһۣǰ߳Ȼʧķ˲ɣѱҫ٣Ļʲôһ˵
ȻһЦ̧һָЦʧķ裬Ϲ۲Ŷԣ̧ͷɣ
ħΤ˳ŷȻָȥͫһЦ߷̰

֮⣬κ޷˵λ}·Ծ֮뿪￪⡣ӶʱǻȫᣬΨŹ߾ѡ
޷磬ףǴ˷£ΪΣ
}Ӱʬʵ˵ʵڵģҲκ޷ΪҪֻҪ˸ȥҪԼ}}}ԸҪȫκ޷ķԸƹΪ}Ҳκ޷԰Ϊ
ʦ壬ðҫôκ޷ʵ
ᣬһȴΪ񾫴Ǹ֮ģ}ص
κ޷˵ͷʵҸոҪµûмֵ
ûʲôֵȻɽ¶ˮʵۺ񣬽ǣԶ⻼}̩ɽûã}ּпڽӹ硣
κ޷Ժ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵ʵﲢûб٣˵ǰҫûлٳɹ
ʲôλ}ͬʱȳ
}ŭɫȵκ޷磬бȴҪһûõ飬ʧķ費ɣ
}Ҳͬŭ˷ǰĿģΪرȴŪֿտնأҿȥô}
λʦ԰֮꣬ԲֻҪ飬Ϊ
κ޷Ͷһָ˻һʱʧɫһ亹ʱ˿ǲȻκ޷ľûдھľ˵Ȼǲ
ʱһĻ߳ǰ￪谵գյ磬񱩵ĻԶ˶ˣܸоǹȸС
~~~~~
ͻȻһӥּ֮ƺڣĴ˶У߷һ䣬һ켣˶֮С
Ҿļֵܴûȥõıȥõ飬ĸֵأ

֮ڣҫһսħΤˣʱĳƾɽʱâѣʽת磬񱩣һжɲ·硣
°ҲͬϷȻɥħϣ°һĹһ˫ȭͷϣȭʵͣȭ֮ƣѸ;ףƺ·ͨȭŹʵǬǶȵأȭʱʱᣬƽжȣͬ뷶Ȼ˶ƽɫ
ʱص֮ǰһ̣˵߶ŷȻָʯ̨֮ʯ̨֮ϣߵľƬ֮УһƵĳ͸ұߵľƬһƤֽı¶
Ҳ˵ҫ֮ǰƲûгɹȥرʱİҫҲüѣȻһӣһɾ罫ʯ̨ϵľƬɣ¶絤ؾԪƤֽ
ȻⷬٶٴչѪսԭ


ڶʮ ս㾪
Ǳ絤ħ絤ͷν׹Ȼֻ֪Ҫöҩ֣֮ôԺļƻ
ħŵ񹦾澭£Ԫָ塣ΤԴⲻǺµĲ˷ܵĲ
澭ħŵ񹦣ķֻħʸɾڰǰ澭ķԪȴɡͳΤǰֻҪܴعڣĹ͡
Ȼ˫Ŀ䣬ϵЦԽŨ뿴ĽΪ֮£رȻ˽ħΤ̰
ǶҲѧκ޷һȥĻôƾɥħ϶Ҫᱦνϼѣҫʵ֮ǰǸ̵ӡȻܲϣǷȻĻܲǰҫĶ֣οһ°أ
ԷȻŻ⽫ﱩ¶սħԼ֣Ȼ˻һ֮˲𣬽ʩչ£ֱֱĳʯ̨
ߣͨôȻδ٣ֲȺ߹Ⱦָҫһһֱ̤ͬȻ˶ȥ
ҫȻңħűѪ𣬽ҾյϢ°һȣҫ֮ȻϣҫֱȻ
ǣʣ֣ȻڱүǰʴʡϢүƤ
ȻһЦ˫һצӰǵأצޱȣ缸Ҫ˺ѣɫ֮£ϰͬʱצһ㣬ޱȡ
֣ٽգ
ڷȻʩչɱ֮ʱԵɥħȴûһ֣ͬǴʣ£ֱʯ̨ȥ
ҫҲͬˣǽħΤͬʱʩչɱУסҫȥᱦ
ҫ°һۣ΢΢ͷ˵Ҳʶһңһ񴫵ݣ˲׶Էʲô˼˴֮Ĭͷ·Ѿʶʮһ㡣
ҫ˫һٴ·תԲ֮£һű֮ǰһǳ̫ͼγ֣ͼβ֮ǰֿȻǰ˳ʱתǵʩʱת
Ųƣ
ɲ֮䣬ͻȻγһޱǿ֮񱩵֮£Ȼ˵ʽȫɢͬɥħϼסΣǴ¾Եúǲˣ׷ױŲƵĿֲȥסζ
һȺ߹֮ҲƤ¶ᱦֱ֪νҫ˫Ȼתǳ̫ͼԽתԽңȫ£ͼ֮С
ڴʱһը죬°һͷ˶ɵŭǣ𣬽ʵĵ汻һ̤֮һİӣ˱ֱĳڱסˡ
Ǽ߰ȭ˲ɱ
°һ˫ȭһͷŭǵ˫צֱӺ䱬еͷ­ħűµͷ­ͬһ㱬ԽѪˮһء
°磬ں䱬ͷ­ͬʱ˫һѳʬļһ壬ֵΤһǰһȭڶԷؿϡΰ͵ȭԷع߹Ǽӱ⣬ͬʱٴνһԾ˳ȥ
ڰҫŲƵǿ֮£еʮ˱˵ˣֶ̧ޱȣֻɳ°׸ȻҲΪǹԭ򣬻ǷȻˣҲܳΪ°ϵ⡣
Ǽ߰ȭÿһжԼȭ⣬˲ɱȭһ֣졣ԽԽͣԽԽǿѸײڶ֮ƺԷһֲɱֻһ˲֮䣬˲ɱ֮ʵ
µĳ°˵˲ɱȭⷢӵ쾡£ÿһȭ籩׾죬ȭ߽룬ֱӺ䱬ÿһν׷һĿ꣬գ۵ʱ䣬ֱֱգۼŵʵ̾Ϊֹ
ҫŲʽȥ̫ͼɢȥ֮ʱ°Ҳպأ̶̵ĸʱ䡣ҫ°˫˫֮£ֱɱ˷Ȼ˴¡
Уʮ֫ȱȫʬ׷䣬һʱֵ֮Ĳ֫ǡѪ⣬£Ѫ֮㳡֮С
ҫ°ҲܣЩѪˮһ˵ɱһѪˮϵ˿˿ۣɭѪ˫ֱĿŷȻˣֱĵֱë
ϺзȫˣֻʣĸСˣһҲˣӹܡ
ҫһ˫Ŀ֮к磬ķȻʶһڿˮ°ȭײУҫ񣬶˱ֳʵôܲҲֻɥħϣħΤҲͬҫ˾ĲС
ߣҫ°Ҳңʩչǿʽʣɣǿװ򶨣ʵ͵͵ҷȻɲᱻ㻣סȻЦ٩٩̸ΪԼ˰ҫ˼ʵǿװ򶨵Լ
Թԣ°
䣬ǿ֣ǻδعֱɱǶˡȻŤͷһȣǽħΤҲ˵еֱӷɴҫ
ֵܣȥĻҪʹٱ
ҫһͺȣһħˡ
һΪ
°߸Ծȭ£ɱȻɥħϡ
һˣֵܣͬʹ࣬սϧ


ڶʮһ ޡ׽ͳͳɨ
֮ڣҫһսħΤˣʱĳƾɽʱâѣʽת磬񱩣һжɲ·硣
°ҲͬϷȻɥħϣ°һĹһ˫ȭͷϣȭʵͣȭ֮ƣѸ;ףƺ·ͨȭŹʵǬǶȵأȭʱʱᣬƽжȣͬ뷶Ȼ˶ƽɫ
˴ѽѷ֣֮Ȼʤҫ°˿νɽͻǿ˿ûߵȻԽԽ
ҫ֮ǰľޣ֮ǰģԲɣ˵ӦϢ鸡ֽŷ֫Ŷԡɴʱ˿̵İҫѸͣʽһж࣬ħΤüѡ
⻹˰ҫǿֲĽʵ˶԰ҫʵʵ˽ⲻ־սĻҫôôС
Ǳָֹͬ߳ĿֲͨʽãĪɱһ˽սһ߻ָʱֿսڽת֮£ҫսϼ켸ҹһ˵
˾ͽĽƷĴߣһֱ֮ӽҫޡֻߣһ˲þȫ׷ʹ򣬷ɽѹơĻҫڲ֮ʱ˻
ҫʵ˵ͬڼ˿ȡʥ۷ľ磬ʹ򲻹ҲȫԴݶˣսоȫԿ
ҫĹƼǿ٣ӸտʼĽɹʩչƣڵڵĽʩչɱǣ˵ȫѹס˽ħΤࡣ
ȻҫѹħˣϾ˵һҲҫѹǣҲס˰ҫ⵼°ҫûжĿȥ°ʵ˵°ƺҪҫİ
°ûʩչľǼ߰ȭõһֲ֪ȭȭʱǻһ˿ǳɶһΧڵĿռ䣬һȭΧ֮ڡ
ʱҲˣȭֵ㼫֮׼ȭʱɶȻγһֵˮ״·ռһֹʱɶȫԿȭĲ
СӾȻΪȭɹˣôվͱҪնɱСӣţԲ
ɥħϵĹƲͣħӡƷֱ׷ʹ򣬿мƲ˳°ȭÿÿᱻ°ˮưɶ⣬Ҳоޱȡ
Ϊȭһּȭҫɱ֮ͬǾûй̶ʽȭľ
ȭʱҪȥΧһɶռľ룬ķƽʣתȵȣܵһУһжӡСΪȭΨһһھһ޴ﲻȭĶȭΪΪġ
Ҳ˵ΪȭҪȥ򣬾͸ľһ㣬͸ɶľȭŶȥ
ҲˣȭȭҲ켸˽ɹ°ڴ֮Уɼȭϼѣ°֮ɣ˺󻰣Ҳ
°ΪȭѹסȻˣȭȻ쳣صͬҲͬҪǿȥת
ڳ°ĵ֮Уֲͬɫβ۳Ȧγһѭ֮ƣԴԴĲ޾һ㡣°侲޻޳ʵƴˡ
ʱȻѾʼ𽥵ļвûնɱҫˣʼѹ£Ȼֻ˲ʮϢĹ򣬵ǰսʵǶʵǲֹۡ
~~~~~~
˼սͻأһӥӻг󣬵һĪǿѹȸˣʹķѡ
䣡
οһĳ״ӿ糱ˮӿˡĻ棬ģ仯Ļֲֿ¶ȣ÷ٽ֮һҪðҫ񹦵ȥȽϵĻС綼硣
͵Ļϯȥʱ֮һͷĿĽɫݼɫ˫һչǺΰĳ׷·һȫûɫݵ֮УŰĺۼ
ɢȥ˿ݵ®ɽĿݸߴɿ⣬չ֮ͷβɫɢĿĹΣɫĳԴмֱһ˫צɢǵĺ⣬κﶼܵǶԳɫ˫ɨ֮ʱŭ֮еĴ
˫ͫ棬޵СϹʮ֮һĳ׽񣡡ħѵһڿˮ
ɶѹκ޷ߵɴ䣬ԭСѾ׼ͷݻʱ䣬ﵢ̫ˡȻҧгݵߺ޵ֱưҫˣҫ°ȴ˿ȥᣬֱĿǰĳ׽
˵Ҳ֣׽һǱѰǹѹȸз·ǧɽһ㣬ѹŷȻˣΨҫ°ȴûаֵѹȣȫǺ˱ˡ
ʱķȻνǱһ麹ͣĵͷȫؽҧ˫ȭ߬ǲҶΪߵֱǣֻҪԼʲôĶô̾ͻǻΪɻҵ֡
׽ҲǰˣԴһתɫ˫ͫһ۰ڷʯ̨ϵֻͷҫˡ
~~~~~~
ҫ°Ϊ֮һ㶣Ȼֵǰҫ°Ȼˡ
˰ɣǾ͸ҹɣ
~~~~~~
׽һҳչһɫĿĹΣһʱ֮Ե쳣財ɾֲ˼Ķ⶯һĻ֮ʱ׽ǳɫ˫Ȼһ䣬ŻѪĻ˫ɢҳݺһ˦缱ŭ˰Ļ籩Уǰ˺ݺݺɡ
˱˵˹ֿˣסζû취еĵֿһ籩׾ٵϯסգ֮䣬Աɷ籩ݺݵĳɳ֮⡣
Ȼҫ°׹붴Զĵϣֱӽһɿľ޿ӷֱ˵Τħֱһɽ֮ϣ˿״̬Ѿֻ̤ڹŹˡȥܵظҲڣǾɥħϣֱӱճޡ
֣ˣһ˻ҷڽ˵ƲһָҲǳ͵һ֡Σ׽һ֮ʵԱ˵ǻıǿ˶١
~~~~~~
Ϲʮ֮һ׽ͷҲ㹻ǿ


ڶʮ ޣޣһ
ңԶϹʱڣһ޳ʱǸʱѪȵʱǲпʱҲڰʱǸʱֻеʳѣڵûһƺǽʵǿԸײУѪ񱩵Ұ޳Ϊޡ
಻ûзǵķԵú΢һͷֻĶޣҪʮҵʥ۷ǿ߲ܽɱ֮
ôЩĶأֻǧꡢǧꡢǶʮһڵʮֻޡҪʲôľ磬Լȥʵࡣ
ʮֻޣֱһһԳһһһԡһһǡһһ롢һ
ʮֻ޸ͨ쳹֮ܣͬ䱾֮ߣıƶıжȺĻʣҲʮֻޣ¶޶չѪȵɱ¾
ÿǿ߳սᱻ纣һĶ޸ûڶͲİж٣Ϊÿγٶϵ
Ϲʱÿһֻ޶ŲǣͲˡÿν֯ġмɵģĿĵģ֮֡Щ֮֮뻯֮Ĵ֣ÿγսǾһ֮ľ֣ʮ޴д
ǿеʮ֮ŵʱ༸ƽԭȫ붴Ѩɭ֣һЩຮ֮ءǲҳȥֻҪһ˳ȥò˶þͻгǧĶΧǵص㣬Ҳޣôмǿ˼顣
ȥʲôŰûʳԴڶѨԸ𣿼ֱǳ˵Ρ
˳˵ĳѾòˣҪȥҪŤתľ棬ȾͱҪǿ߻ȥĸԸġ
ǣ࿪ʼʼᣬʼʹޣʼľʼϲԣҪǽӦеص飬ӦˣҲˡ
ߣʵȸߵĴߣ֮Ͳȥ̬Ĵߡŭˣ߳ԼһĶֵأǿʼеĶս
ߵһ̤һȣأһ䴫ж޶еһ仰
ģһȺڣֹⷽĸ̵꣬㣬Եʺ
ӭӭͷʹߵ쵼֮£֮ƣȫµĶɱɹ
ߣʩչ֮ͨѹŶȺԴݿ֮ƣޣսĴߣƾһ֮ʩչ޵нʮֻѹδɱȴֱӽʮֻ޵ֻʣֻĶӣ֪١
ʣߣһ׵ʵӵֱɱ¾жޣһʩչͨһֻԶ޵ĶأϮķɿдж֮ҲᵼɢѰҰ졣
ߵ֮ͨ£Լⷽƴ֮£ڷΪʤеĶɱİٲһ
գ߳جڰڵʱ߳˶Ѩعƽԭ֮ϣ¿ʼ˷չǱΪӢһڵٴ˶ȥ
ЩɱļĶޣٳУżȻֻҪ಻ȥַɱ¾ôЩҲȥ࣬һ˲Ҳ˵̬ȡ
ʱǨϹʱڵһţֻһЩϵϹŶǵļ䡣ǵĻУǸʱѪᡢʹˡ΢ЦΪǻڡ
Ҳ֪ǴӺʱʼžǶ֮ҵǧ֮ЩĶµĳƺޡ
ΪЩǺ棬Ŀϡ٣ڰٰ̬ʵ߾ڱһģԼҰ޵ĺ棬˵Ϲʱĺڰʱ̫ңԶˣԶ󲿷˸Ͳ֪໹һʷ
ʱ˿̳ǰģסǿʮֻ֮һ׽񡣵Ȼ񽭺жĳƺȴǣϹʮޡ
ɶѹκ޷ߵɴ䣬ԭСѾ׼ͷݻʱ䣬ﵢ̫ˡȻҧгݵߺ޵ֱưҫˣҫ°ȴ˿ȥᣬֱĿǰĳ׽
˵Ҳ֣׽һǱѰǹѹȸз·ǧɽһ㣬ѹŷȻˣΨҫ°ȴûаֵѹȣȫǺ˱ˡ
ʱķȻνǱһ麹ͣĵͷȫؽҧ˫ȭ߬ǲҶΪߵֱǣֻҪԼʲôĶô̾ͻǻΪɻҵ֡
׽ҲǰˣԴһתɫ˫ͫһ۰ڷʯ̨ϵֻͷҫˡ
~~~~~~
ҫ°Ϊ֮һ㶣Ȼֵǰҫ°Ȼˡ
˰ɣǾ͸ҹɣ
~~~~~~
׽һҳչһɫĿĹΣһʱ֮Ե쳣財ɾֲ˼Ķ⶯һĻ֮ʱ׽ǳɫ˫Ȼһ䣬ŻѪĻ˫ɢҳݺһ˦缱ŭ˰Ļ籩Уǰ˺ݺݺɡ
˱˵˹ֿˣסζû취еĵֿһ籩׾ٵϯסգ֮䣬Աɷ籩ݺݵĳɳ֮⡣
Ȼҫ°׹붴Զĵϣֱӽһɿľ޿ӷֱ˵Τħֱһɽ֮ϣ˿״̬Ѿֻ̤ڹŹˡȥܵظҲڣǾɥħϣֱӱճޡ
֣ˣһ˻ҷڽ˵ƲһָҲǳ͵һ֡Σ׽һ֮ʵԱ˵ǻıǿ˶١
~~~~~~
Ϲʮ֮һ׽ͷʵ


ڶʮ 벫ɱ
ģ͵ʴף۽СӴȡرһԱ󽫡ɱĲΪˣ
ȻһѪһ˫ԹݺݵĶţ޿еİҫʱνˣƼأɳ޵ŭȴ֧ǲаܵҫǰҪɱ֮졣
Ȼڽʣһɵ΢ĩֳצ׺ݵĳŰҫͷ­ץȥצһצʵˣҫԱɡ
Σһ̣һӰڷȻǰһֻͬۺᵲצǰһצ¡
ɱֵܣ㷶Ȼλ̫˵㣡
°㻹ս֮
ൽ㹻㣡
°һŽȻˣʱڵɫѾԭС˽֮ûɢļתʵǼ
ڳ°֮ʱڵԴԴϵγɻʵ̶Ѿʮֹۺֵ˴󲿷ֵĳ
׹֮ת֮£ҲʹѣơҲǧһ֮ѣ°ҫԭ
Ҳ˵°ʹˣҲ˵ľԲжأԼԼ֪°ҪսپˣҪʧ֮ǰȡʤȻнתʽ
Ļڵɫʧֲͬγѭ֮ƵῪʼֱײֱӳ屬뾭󱻷ɶ
ֹתʽģҲΪڹķ⣬¼ֻתĶžҲʱпҪ򲻵ѣȥʩչ
һ°ڹתģʽʲôôȻһЦ΢΢ƽֱ°ʱС

ֲ˳񹦣ȻֶĿ¶׹ʵ
Ϊ֮ˣķϻеˣ
°˫Ŀ΢Уʼת䱸ţȻ˫ַڱС۾
ȻɭȻһЦҰ˭һأ
Ҿðɣֵ˵ûһ֮ˣôϻʲô
Ȼ˫üһأǵصİҫվһžһ죬ǽڱһĦ
ҫŤŤȻħűֵѪôɱ㣬͵ûһϢɣ
°΢΢һƲ˰ҫһۣ΢΢һȻЦݣеѪеůǲֵܣ۾Σǰվͦ㵽ס
ԲѵĹ飬ΪԶôб֣սҹûκ⣬ֻǶˡ
ҫ°ͬʱüͷһ壬һ˵Σгͷ·̶ֵĻǱ֮ǡ
ȻͷЦ֮ԭڱ֣ͻȻһڵĵ裬漴Уڵ֮󣬰ҫ°ĹҲˡ
䣡
ֲľɽһϮɫֿߣҸצſ˺һеƥƣֱӴݻٰҫ˵ĹƣаצУݺݵץڶ˵ϡ
֣ݣ
Ȼ̶ȣɼһĹѾָ̼Ҳ˵֮ǰµö裬գ֮ʻָһ
ҫ°һѪˣȻżһ㣬Ȱ磬գۼҫ
֪Ҹոշõıжôħűʮųһ¯һ¯ҲöΪֹҲͽʮöѡΪһöֻ˵СֲѾǿˣ
֤ʲôֻ֤ܶѣ
ȻŭĿԲҫһ仰ըķΣצԼĽǶȣץҫĺ󾢣צַѶѸײڶ֮ƣҪһצϰҫĺ󾱼Ǻޱȡ
֣ģ
׺ݿݵһצھҫ󾱻аߵľʱʧȥĿꡣҫ˫硢ǵȶദǽڷһϸ΢һַǳĽǶͻȻһʹ÷ȻһצʧȥĿꡣ
ǰҫΪõ֮͹ǹ
ҫһ㣬Ȼ㵲ѣָ仯ŵˣֻһצУʽѳɣȥδӰҫͷʧΡ
һ˲֮ʣȻʽȥ°ȭͷݺݵĺץ֮ϣ׾ٵĴݻһצ񱩵ȭȻұ׻ŲһҪȥ
ɾڷȻһ֮ʣҫͻȻǿһ㣬һһţ⾢籼ף缲һǺţʵʵڷȻţʹͻȻһϡ
ĬĻôҫ°ʶһڵֵܣĬе㲻񻰣ҫһźߵķȻһϢ°û߸ߴһᣬʱȭ£͵ȭƷ˷Ȼе·ҫҲûţһתһأָڿ۳צͬǲʳϳ°ȭƣȻȫ׷ʹ
֣벻
Ȼҫ˵ĹƷݲаĵϢ˫צצӰɫצӰγһǽڣ˵Ĺƾ֮⡣
ȻȻצеֵס˰ҫ°һֹƣ֮˫۵ķʹд㵣ҫ°Ĺ籩һ㣬ͣ׷ȫдϢʱ䣬ҵĲ벫ɱ
ҫѾľһĽ֮ɱãȻ֮ǰӸ߿׹ĺܲңһˣǿĽ˵ҲǷַӾܸԭ¡
ǳ׽Ļ籩ȴûиɶ˺Ҳǵ׵ʱľѣһֲĽܱ֮ͬ˵Ĺơ
˴ݱһǻƴ̬ȥս˴ֻжԷĻע⵽ǲԶ˵Ĵڡ
ͷ㣬ĥĥģ˷ôʱ䡣ߣҪȥǰĺ״һСŮһ߾ųߵľ޺ϣıԹ
Ǿ޺ҲգƲһۻصô˵ָʮεķ򣬺ԽԽԶأ


ڶʮ ǧһ
飡
һ죬ҫȻצˣͷһһѪǿ̻ظڣһ󼤵Ϊܡ
񹦵ĻٶȲν죬ӵĹ򣬰ҫԻָɹɹƺ񲻶࣬ʻѰڹķܱ˵ģο԰ҫľ̶ȣɹֵѰ߳ɹˡ
ıҫȻˣҲٵʱʧȥսһЩѰߣֻɹ٣ҵԺ֮£ͱˣĻֻ¿Ѫµġ
ҫżһ㣬ٺܣڷȻʤ׷֮ʱ°ȭͷȴסȥ·ҫ˴Ϣʱ䡣
°ֱ۽죬һƴǿת˲䱬ȭȭȭڣȭ꣬ÿһȭܴһˮưɶɶ°ȭȫһ㣬ʮɵȭʮɵɱûаֵɢ
ȻʼԼ۾ǲǳ⣬г°ȭƾȻռһȦȦ漴һֲıȭϮķȻ⼸ΣͲûֱ׷ˡ
Ȼ֪Ϊȭĳȭɶ˿޹ȭѹȭȭ硢ȭ籩һŵʮɹʱɽХһצӰХ°һ˫ȭչǿҵĶԺ䡣
ҫһɣһڵų֮ǰֵĴ⣬漴ʩչȫƶ֮£ָٶȼתֱϡ
ʱ񲻿ɵĳ°ڸȻչĶԺ䣬˱ȵʽңȵĶԺģȵƵǿ˭һ˿ɾؼʱ̣°ͻȻϢһϣһңΪȭʱ޷ά֣еȭƶȻ̼ɢ
°ڵɫѾʼԽԽˣڳ°ȭɢ֮ʣȻȻ˫ۣϵЦԵ쳣ֲһȷ·Ϣ
°춼㣬ʣ֣ھ͸ȥ֣ף
Ȼһߣһ߸Ծһ˫צֲķ֮һɫצǵصĳų°к£˳°е·ǹɱҪظǣǹѸ͵ķ֮Ҫǰռ˺ѣƾʵֲޱȡ
Ȼֻǳ°һ뷶ȻĶԾս֮£ǱˡǣȻɱеˣ˻аҫĴڡ
糱ı׵ӷȻĲϯȵҪҪȻٳɷɻң޾һ㣬ˢŷȻצצдҡ
ҫȲվ㱾УҲҪ°ʬס
Ȼ˺ѷεĺ۵Ѫ˿Ե쳣ƺѾº˾ģ°ͬھ
ȻһŤµߵ˫צϲ޷һתһȦȦɫȦҫı׵ȫ飬ǷƥצѾʸһĹκۣȻ˼תֱ±ĳ°
ǿɱУɱ
ȻƴˣԺֻɱˣҫ°κһԡǿɱоԵǿ֣ٶȣƣƶƥɵ
ҫüͷһ壬Ϊ٣תոջָȫڸ߸߾ұۣ֮ݺݻӳһ羪ƿգɽǹҪٳɻҷɡ
գ
ʯһʵʵնڷȻı񱩵ĵǵûסȻٶȸӵĿˡҫ͹˷ȻԸܵӲҫһҲҪȡ°
Ȼ°ԲԴУֻվֱ˫۽Ҫֵǹצ磬Ѿս½ʳƬ©׳
ǣڳ°һʱȫʱʹ絶һѪ˫Ĵ¡ڵɫѾɢõֻͷ˿ϸխڲµпƽĻһߣǾͲ÷Ȼˣ°ϣֱӱе
ҫмΪңʩչҪȷȻؽ°ߣϲˣ˷Ȼһ֣СһֻڷȻĸ˵㹻ɱԵĳ°ʮˣοʩչɱ֮
ٿ㣡ٿ㰡
ҫźʹȫ׹䣬˵߳°±ȷȻȵ°סһжУĸϲˣҧгݣۿҲܸıʲô
°̧ͷмٷӶµİҫ΢΢һЦ죬Ĵҫŭ°˫ۣ֪Լ˷ǱˣǾ׼
ֵܣллأ
ڳ°˫۵һ̣ȻɱҲѾǰһ˲ı仯°㳤ãڳ°еĸоȴûг֡
飡
һų°ĶĤһɻ񾫴ڣеɫɻͣ赼ţһϢֱ֮֮ڣɹ
°˫ۣǰһȻ˵ģߴˣԼ֮߳ǰҪһͷ࣬ͱȳ°Ҫ׳˶֡Ǹ߸߹ƺֻҪжܰ˺ѣòͨȴһ׺͵ƣһȴһԼɣ
㵵Ĳֻǳ°ѣ֮İҫ뱻޺ס˫ķȻһ˲˵˼άַӦĸо
޺ɰǰϵһֱֻץסͷȻ˫һ£һɢֱһ˦СƵýһԡ
ΪʲôһҪڳֲ֣Ǹô
޺ջƣʱ°״ѿеϢ˵Ļ񲢲Ƕų°ҫ˵
ͷ̫Ⱦû˼ˣҪǧһΣʱ־ˣֳڵΣո汿
ҫ˫Ŀһɣͷһһֱ䣬ƤѩСŮϢĳߣָž޺˵
ʲôСŮʲôʱֵģҵĸ֪Ȼ಻
ҫԴͬʱҲ˷֮ģ˵˿Ϣĳߣ㶼ôҲϢɱ㣬Ҳͬ
λǰҫ°޺˫ۻľȻʵҫ°ҲǶһۣ˵ͷǻӦˡ
޺˵ͷ˵߰ɣҪǣ
ҫȭһ񣬿лλȣҫлˣ֪֮մ
𸮣˾ͽ죡


ڶʮ ͷСŮͷ
׹޺ͷ֮󣬰ҫ°ͷȻ𸮣˾ͽ죬ǰǱΪçĵһţǱ֮Ϊ£켸λ֮һ֡
ҫͷһ˾ͽܹȻܹ׼ȷѰټɼԼλ֮۵ףȫĸݡ
ҫϸһҲȻĹҲһҶ󣬲κȻа취Ķ뵽£ڿԸĽȴᲢ۵˶ԣ¾㲻ףҲԲ̫ѡ
ʱؽͬ˳°ΣҲʡһȥѰ𸮵פأĻçĹôż֪Ҫ͵أ
ҫ˼ţһƲ°ֻ׳ԾĲ£֮˽˫ȭ˫̧ͷһڣ·ʲôظһ㡣
ֵһĻҫ۵ףҲûжʲôҫ°ʲô֮˵ʱȻʳʶ̵Եеˡ
λĻͼ̸һ˰ɣʱ޲˴Ҳһβ̵г̣ǲҪٵˣӵŹһľ޺΢΢üĴߴٵ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ȻԷĿǱ䣬ҲԿ޺ûʲôǱӲмԾˣҲðҫʲôС
ҫҪӦУԵСŮȴٴβͷ˵ǴĿˣӦҪ㣡Ȼǿຮ֮أҲģΪ˵ŻЩ˵Ŀ࣬˵ģ´ҾȥǸĺ״
һģҫоԼͷĸ߻䣬ֳ°ķӦҲԼ˶١ֻ䣬ھ޺ǰҲȴôߵСŮȻָ˾޺һ
Ǹٺȵģǲһ˿ϸаǷ۵СС첲СȵΣ⼷üŪҪгԼϵĶðҫôôãⷬٶȫմߣǿɰӶࡣ
СŮһʱĭɣѵ޺ûˣԽ˵ɤԽ󣬰ҫ¾޺ŭ쭣СŮϸС壬Ǿ޺Ƶָܰ׷ɳʮ⡣
˸жǣ޺СŮָűѵһʱ䣬ȴû˿ŭֻǽƲһԣƺǲһʶ˼
λ磬ͷԱԸ壬֮ǰе֮СŮ˾ͽٴ˸λⲻˡʱҲˣҲþ̲ǣָʱɲˣҶǳﲻأ
СŮ˾ͽã֮Ů˵ӦֺŰŶԣû뵽һﶯȴԵֻ߰ŮͯģΣ˲֪ľٶʵðҫޱȡ
Ȼչ麹գ˼ҫȻæȭ˵Ȼλ̨Ҷо֮ҫôԹޣ˵ҲɣҫѩѱĽǰ֮ҪһżУ˷çѰΪΣŲҪ
ҫһ䣬СŮ޺ͬʱüһĽͷǲ֪ܲΪģԸǸĴ֮һû뵽ֻСİҫ󻹸ľн⵹ʼδġ
Ǳٺò°أԸһô㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ˾ͽ΢Цʵ
°˵ͷڻصҴ˷ǰçģĿĵҫͬͬҪȥ𸮣
ҫعͷԴĿ˳°һֻۣǵ˵ͷӦҫ°ľٶҲȥʡ
ˣ߰ɣ޺Ŀڵ
ȵȣ
˻û֮ʱ֮ǰ޺׷ɵķȻǻع֮ǰ޺赭дĻǿɱУһ飬Ϣһϣ׷׹֮󣬸СһᣬֱʱŻعѹҫҪ뿪æ
ȻԹ޼ɵɨŰҫˣ֪Ǹߴľ޺򵥣˲ƽԼеŭ𣬱ȭʵ֪λǺηħűٱȻˣд𣬻뽻£պħűл
޺ʼնûƹȻһƲ̲˵֮һ̸֣Ҫˣܽ㣬˿ɣ
Ȼͷһ󾪺ǿ𸮣ǿ֮һçĹľ԰çĹһ֮֮ϵĴڡ
ħűͷһ¶ԷöԷ̻ҫˣ֪ѶˣȻԼҪҪ֪Ѷˡ
Уа˼ߣǲҪҪƤΪħűͷȴ֪νͷǰɣðС͸ȵף֮һ˾ͽᣬٲȥçĹУҼʹնɱˣҲǰ
СŮǳ֮ʱȻݺݵŭһ֮һǰòͷǱֻòɰСŮǳ⣬ĸôܵˡ
õߵĻֱջȥˣҪŭĻĻû˭뵽ɰСŮͬҲ֮һ
Ҳ˵°ҫ˸ǳ룬ɷȻжһڶŭԽԽ
ҫò˸֣˱𸮵˳խҪը˷Ρ
ɽһŭ𣬻յǣٴοڵλȻ׹ҫ˶ޣұҪնɱˣħűһֱ棬շȻػسлøɽһƵҵͷϣȻһеλи㣡
У˷ʱ䣬ͷк֮£Ҳɱһˣ


ڶʮ ˼Ļפ
ڽзܱ˼סŵ޷Ҳˣһʵȣһʵȡ
ǰ߾ͲöˣҪǺߣνĲҪ֣һǹУʵһֱز¶ʤ⣬ʵ
֮һһأںߣĺߣȫȫʵһʱǰһȭͿԿ֮֮
˾ͽỰ֮ʱ̸ֱ˲䱩ٶж죬쵽ֳҲ˾ͽܲ׽ڰҫ°ԼȻУֻһĨӰѣգ۵ʱ䶼ٶȡ
߾ų߻Сһٶʵ˸е˼飬ھ뷶ȻһԶľʱǱɰҪľȭ˳ƺһ۳ͣܶʱɳʯ·С˰ٱСһѸͣʶ㹦ķȻƷɳʮ￪ⶼδɢ
һǽڱѵϵĴ̼Űҫ˵ĶĤˣȻһ׺һȭ£㻨ȥԴȥҽҲҪзϺþá
߰ɣ̸ڴһȭ֮󣬱ת˵ҲԽԽԶķȻ·͸һ㡣
Ӵ۲ɢֺշ磬˷һһû뵽ͷͦٹ궼ϱСˣֵñŶ
˾ͽĵ٩Ȼǿޣǰҫͷ𺳣ոһҲᣬҪ˹ʹ̸赭дĴġ
Ҵ˾ͽĻп̸ֵʵ߲֪Ĭˣǲмȥ粵֮һĲݣһǲһ졣
ôСӵģ̥￪ʼڣҲ̸ֵܸʵȼ簡ǣڵʵΪ𣬿ȹϵλܣǿ˾ͽ죬ֻҪһһˣҲҪλһ·˾ͽ᲻ǵٶȣô¶ȣһҲ䡣һĺأֻֻ߰˾ͽᣬôӵ֮һʵģ
ҫа˼⣬Ŀ˾ͽۣƺ֪Ҳһҫһ죬Ʋͷǰ䣬˾ͽЦͣƺоܺƵá
˷ɽԽһʱȻɽ·ۣҹҲ쳣ĺ䣬ҹǳӡڶӵĸǰ˿첻κ谭
ҫ°ˣľϢ鸡֫Ŷԡκ𸮼Ҵҵ˾ͽŻ裬ֻϢ֮ھͻָǶ˽һ
οĶϹžڹķ֮ȻޱȣĹ򣬶˽ҩ֮һľԻָ߰˳ɡ
ҫǾ񹦣գ°ڹķͲ֪ʲôˣȻ֮ǰȻ˵ʲô񹦣ֻǣҫһڹķ֪٣֮ǰսʱԴԴϵԴĶط˹ʽҲһֲ̫ľ
ҫ˦˦Դʺȫ˦˾ͽʲô취λټ˾ͽôģ°ĹʲôãԼǲͣӷȻ˵
һеۣɴ಻ȥ룬һ˳Ȼˡʱ̸ֱһ̧ͣסΡ
ˣ
ҫüͷһ壬վһɽ֮ϣǰһƬȺɽ棬ɳһƬ˵ʲôûʵĽȺˣǶûһҫ°˺ã
ٺ٣һ֪ģϷ
˾ͽһЦ̸ߣһ˫۵С֣˲ʮӡһ伫ΪĻӿӡ仯һöö֪ǺɫַϵĴ˫Ʈɢ
˾ͽڽڰʮһöַֻ֮һȣɫĶȻÿޱȣϰգ漴ӰʮһͬķΧӡ£ҫǰԲʮķΧ֣Ĵ϶γһְԲĻ
֮һĻҫ°ĸоһƬȺôеŹĻĽڶУȺռؽʮﷶΧ¥֣ۡĴһΡĶ¥Եñһġ
¥һ׺񱩵Ϣڲϵɢҫ°˾ǿ񱩵Ϣ֮У¥һ˫۾ڽԼԼȥܣ޷ȥ㣬·ܵĿռ䱻סˣԼһָˣǹϢ֮׺·һͷϹžںһ㣬ͣĳˢǵ
λǰģĹһ޶Ĵڣ𸮣˾ͽͷһЦΪԺĿŰҫ°ˡ
ҫһڣƽסľǹױϢ뱻סĸоͬʱʧ٣һֱ÷ƽ˾ҫܹоõ˾ͽһкǽȺĳֿе棬˾ͽϢȣ嵽
˾ͽǰĽǰʵôӦػһеҫ˫Ŀһи̾
ҫ˫Ŀһ񾫹磬·¶ʲôһ㣬˵·


ڶʮ õĸȼϿ
ǺǣСһﵹҲе˼ԲְܱļһίεˣҲ̫ƽӹ
ڰҫĻո˵֮һˬʵͻȻ˵ĶУҫ漴ŤͷͫһǰһκɫӰǰӰʵòߴʵ°¡
μӸ̸˾ͽͬʱϥ¹򣬹˵
¥ʮ֮ԶȻҲΣʵ֮ǿǷ˼çĹһˣȻ˵
ҫջ˼°ͬʱӰȭؾصһ񣬿ڵҫ°
Ӧй֮񣡡̸ּҫֻǹδݣԵе㲻á
ҫ׹縮֮ǰ˵ҫǿ֮ͣ񣬻ˡҫУ
ҫһ˵Ĳû˾ͽĴߣѣЩһٿ࣬Ե´ﵽĸ߶ȡ
ǣ龴ڰҫ˵ҲİǣЩߣ𾴣ȴϥȥ֣Ϊڰҫгػһǿ߲ݣ߲۵
˻һ˾ͽ۵Ӱʱһ˫ֱҫɭȻ°ǿùǱ׼˵ġǣСһβΪӲͷаͿñ࿴ոհӶͲ±߳ŭնɱ㣡
һԵĳ°չڽţһҪǰҫԲ˵ϼûӰȴһֱֹ̧ۣ˳°ĿڣҲֻҡͷ̾Ϣ˿һߡ
ʵ˶֪˾ͽ첻ɱҫʵõſвָٸҫɱȻ˾ͽ첻ɱҫҲҪͽһҫûλ߸ϵĸһ̨°
ҫ°ľٶֻ΢Цŵ˵ͷʾ޷ͬΪ°һеůġ˾ͽĴǰ˵һˣ˵һ仰Ǻ
ҫʼձ΢Ц˾ͽвû˿ľţ򶨵˵ҫСŸӢ¼󣬸֮ͨܣ֮ССİҫʹаҲֻ趯ָȫȡһȰҫ£ǣȻˣȴɶأ
°Ҫ԰ҫĿ࿴ˣ̸˾ͽᶼǲĿѣͬʱûһﲻǹʵǿڲŶôڣ¸ͷˣ
ʵҲв죬о׻ǧƨҫһ仰֮˾ͽƨһĵ˾ͽ쿪ޱȣǰ˴棬ǾǶײ֮ﶼûô̶ˡ
Сһﻹͦ˵ģãӽڣ׼κ˶񣬰ڡӰЦȻ˶֪λ鲻
°԰ҫһ´Ĵָ΢΢һЦҫѾǳé®µëͷСˣȻܸߡǶʷѾһľ飬ż˵һĻҲΥıġ
ο˾ͽĴߣҲǷʸȥά䣬һҲֳľ֮
ҫлĴҫٴαȭһ˵
˽պúϢ峿¥֣°һ£˶ɢ˰ɣ

ٴһӰɢ̸ֶŰҫ˵˵ͷǹĻȥ
ҫĻ֮ʱŷĻǰʮһöַƾάֹĻڵһнĻ֮ںеɫַͬĻͬʱʧ
⿴ܵľɫȻ䣬ǰҫĺܣ￴ѾκƾԭĹĻΧڣҲκεҲ˵Ļ𸮵Ŀռˡ
ǺεȵΰΪôһе󷨣ж컯֮Ϊôλ𸮸ǿֲˣıռֻܣ˰
ҫͷ̾𸮵˵ӳ֣ŰҫȥĿͷϢ°Ǹ̸мƵ¥ȥ
Сģҫ˵
޷°ͷӦ
磡ҫҲͦ˼˾ͽЦ
ǸͦȤСһϣ첻ʧ֮һ˾ͽĶУ΢΢һЦҲ뿪ˡ
һҹ޻һҹҫûսƣһͷ̾͵ͷ˯ȥҫ򲻴ƣ۵£ʹҲ̫ãֻĸ
峿ҫһ磬йһС죬״ָ̬ʮɣϢԪյսָ֮ľֻ񾫴١
ù֮һ𸮵˵·ĵ¥ȥһ·ҫ𸮵פغйɡ
ڣɰߣԽĴ¥ۡԽΰ·һݵԽ¥ԽߣʵԽǿɼ𸮵Ĺ൱ӵȼĸߵͣһʵΪʵλԽߣסԽã֮мЩ˵ӵϽġ
¥¥£¥ҫĵһӡ˺ΰ֮⣬оǣø߰
԰ҫĿ¥Ѿ߹ɿˣͷȥһֱ֮ϣư磬ΡҲǣһ֮çĹͳߵĸۡܺ˲ɡ
¥ڣʮɷΧĴһֻĴһֱͨһ¥û¥ݣ״¥ҪȥҪǰͨˡ
Ƶ𸮺ݳްҫ΢΢һ㶣а롣


ڶʮ Ƶŭ
ƵһַǳĻɽһƵģ˻ز߱Ψһ;䡣
Ƶڹ죬һʯľδŹʯͨɣͬΧִŹͨƬһܶȼߵǿʯӶ´ŹĿٴͣʱתͬл壬ٶȼΪˡ
⿴Ƽ򵥵ķƵ¼Ҫ쳣ҲֻڵЩ̥ܴ졣ΪֻǻһЩֻҪ˸ܶȸſ黥ų͹ˡ
ʱԼߵĴ˿תͬǿųƶһתɸ㹻ˡֻڵģҪأĸأأ¥ְɿĸߴҪٸ
¥ߴɿ¥Ҫٳڣÿһ¥ӣѵÿһ¥һв㣬ͨ¥ӣϵڶƵǻֱ¥ݣ޴ĴҲֻд˲Żȥ졣
⵱еתʯװλãʯĴλãŹĿռȵȵȵȣ˵ڷһ¾ܹµģ΢һƫᵼ·ƵĻ⵱кľãܰһ˱Ʒ衣
һе⣬Ȼһͨ񾭱ҲŵĴܣеⶼŵĹ̥ˡƵνӾһͨףÿһ㶼ŷǳİţͣͣпҲΨŵЩ̥Ƶ졣
Ƶѹ֮һŵˣֻ֮һѡǴʯһѹء
ڽһصĴʯѾҪ۵ǧƽۣҼмеĵزǧƽһˣôһҪǮһֱ֮ͨϵķƵҪǮ˵ˣһɳ̵ĴʯƶʹһЩС˲ƲǮ㶼δõ
˵ʵڵģҫֻи̾ûогѾ㹻֤Ĵ䲻ǳ뵭Ҳߵ𸮵ӲĿѡ
ǴأƵ㵭һǼĴǱŴҲܹϵĸͽ
˼Ȼ԰ҫĵ壬û¶һ˿ĵı顣ҲĽǾ𸮡
ӹһ񣬰ҫ΢Цͷżͨǰֽͨ棬һ룬ͨм䴦ҷֿ
˽Ź֮ˣŹرգһ΢ŵĻزҫǼǿĶ׽Ϣ֮󣬴Ź΢΢һų֮ӽŵ״ҫ֪Ƶʼˡ
ȣǳȣҫ֪ƵѾʽŹ֮ڣȻûһ˿Ļζֵҫ˫ĿԵĵӻΪڱĿ񣬱ûжšʵȻҫȥŷƵÿһ¥֮Ļر仯
տʼϢһբڿϣһϢһʮϢʲôˣҫһ˫ĿҴ򿪣ˣ
Ź񣬰ҫ΢΢һŤӣ̾ϢһƾǿĶƵֱܹͨ¥İڣҪ֪֮еԭҪһ·ƵĴͼֽˡ
ҫӵϥ¹ͷ­̧𣬹˵
°ɣ
ӱȭǣصŹڣŹرա
ҫһȥ߸Բվʮ𸮵ӣÿһӶͲ°˫Ŀ񣬾¶ȲңȻϣ˵ֱֱĶŰҫһۺҫѹ
Ӵأǿҹأ
ҫ΢΢ҡͷһЦ֮ÿһƱ̧һ֡ʮ̤ʱߵĵʶ˿һ麹ͣ£žη뾪뻮һˣȻܹǵĲ
ʱҫɢƣѾŭһͣ·һεˣѹǲòˣֱҫͨǰ߽鷿ڵʱߵĵӲصĺһж԰ҫʼһ˿𾴣𸮵ĵ˵ǿߵõ𾴣ǱȻģҲӦõġ

һ׳һֻǱһֻ̣΢΢һЦ͵
ڰҫǰһ鼮Ļ鷿ߴɷΪ㣬м¥ֱͨĴһʯϷŲߣ˱ǵĲҫıϢ
ʯǰһʱģ꣬Űҫ΢ЦͷҫҲ΢Цͷʾ⣬ŰҫŬŬ죬ҫŤͷڹۿ׳漴ȭ˵ҫ
ǰ׳ε֮çĹĶߣ˾ͽ졣
⽭нļλ˾ͽ죬ҫĵһӡͨòͨûʲôرĵطҲȻߴҲͷۣûʲô֮Ҳֻͨûһ˿ƵĴںͨŻ֮ڸͨӷŵʯϣʵͨĲͨ
һֻһͨĸߴçڰҫȴͨһ𺳵ĸоһַ·ΧеһһģֺǷֿĸڣÿһǺһռĸоƫƫͨľͶ㡣
ҫ֪Լ˾ͽĲ֮𣬾ϵļ˲ʵϵļ˲࣬ռĸ֪ûҲҫΪԼɵ󵨣еЦãţ»ǰֻϻӦҪµġ
ҫˣ븮Ҫ֣ҫٴιһ
һôŤˣǱȽϲ̬ȣ˾ͽν΢΢һЦʯǰƷ衣
Ľݵżأҿ
ҫӻͳżżһ¶ڿУ˰ҫУķɵ˾ͽУһ˲䣬ҫ˼άͣٵģʱ˾ͽѾڿżˡ
ҵ˼άոôˣҫ𾪡
˾ͽ쿴ż̾ϢһҡҡͷͻȻݱŭɶɲȻһʯ̨ʯ̨ȴ쾪һը죬İҫĤʹ֮࣬Ѫˡ
ˣҰСϳȥ࣬ι
ʲô


ڶʮ ӵĸ˾ͽ
ǣ
ǷƵŵĵ֮У˶Ծҫ󣬽֮Ⱥʳһ㣬ֱҫ
ЩȻ֮ǰҫ壬԰ҫҲ֮⣬ǼˣҲ𸮵ˣһϵɽ͹һüͷȥҲ˲Ĩӣһ˿ɵġ
Щ˵𸮾ǵ죬ǵĸ߸ϵ˶ĿģĿķӡ
ҫüͷһ壬ĵ类׾ٵĲ׽һľȻΣסδȶǿѵͳͳɨɡ
ʣʮ˼һĻ׷Ҫǰðҫһģ꣬ȴ΢΢ҡͷڵӱ㲻ʲô֮٣ֻǽӴصϢ
ҫ׶ȭʵ֪ҫ£ŭ˸븮ʾ£ҫĿ
ᵹмֹֻƾ΢ʱҪ뱾Կֻ˵ɵ氡
˾ͽһﻰ䣬˫ĿһɣҫĿռͻȻһȦɢ漴ҫķ֣ԼڵסˣͺƱһ޷תֻһѣͷԼĵɼ˵ĲʵǴ졣
֪ΪҪɱ㣿Լȥɣ˾ͽһеżƮƮڰҫУȻﱻ⣬˾ͽҲûнסҫ壬ֽɿԶת硣
ҫżֻһűֽҲ࣬ȴðҫ޵ĳ嶯иڲͣĺš
δĸˣҪҵĽడ
ֽдţ찡ɣԵñ˯ĺòð˵¶ҼұŮǰҫˣҵĻû취ˣҸС˵ǸʵҲܹҵģǰҫܵҲû취ϾŮ
ԹҲ⣬ҪйŭĻȫҵδ׼ŮйɣǧţﻵģʹʹķйɣŶǺǺǺǺǺǺǺǣ
ĽĽȻ֣
β滹һЦͼΣݱ˵˾ͽˣʹǰҫһҪֽ˺ɷ۷ĳ嶯
ˣôŭûʲôʵϵãҫҲֻжһͣķź
һӵδδĸ찡
ʵֽϵмԿĽݷ˾ͽʶˣ֮ǰĶףΪҫ˻飬ҲʲôⲻĳĽݷȫԺȰ˵û˵¾ӭжˡ
ǣֽϵݣҫܿĳһֳЦĳЦĩ˵Цǰ֮гЦζֵ˼£ֱڴ˾ͽ
ĽݷԶǧ֮⣬ô˾ͽŭҲֻܷйڰҫϣҫ˵Ǳˣǳ޹ı
㻹ʲô˵ô˾ͽһ裬絶ֱưҫ
ҫǿЦҡҡͷȭ˵ҫûл˵ȻĽǰԴʲǣ˵ĵȷʵҫãԸһһ붯ְɣ
ѾͷһغѹģҫҲҪңȫҫһ΢Ц˫۵˾ͽ֡
Сӣͷݵ˵Ļãǲˣɱףɴȥ˵۸һСҲɣĽݷ򸾵Ů޸ҶףȻҵ׼ϱǾһˣҲ͡ңҪɱҪУɣ
ǣ
˾ͽߵģ꣬ͷصŲһʯǰҫӣ漴ȭһ˵˾ͽңҫ֣ҫ֮ǰԣȫõ㺣ҲС֮ˣõõ֤ʵµҲԸ֮
Ŷ˻棡ҫ΢΢һ㶣˾ͽҵĻжһ˿ĺøС
˾ͽ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˵ҫֻǵ˼ĻµԸһֻ񣬸״ͷϣûʲôΪȥ̫˾ͽҺ䣬дһӮ븸״˶پ㿴Σ
ҫȭصٸ壬ҫ壬ٸԣ
˾ͽҵ˵ͷͷ˾ͽ죺״ˣΣ
ɣ˵£Ϊ㲻ˣ
ҫ֣룡
ٸ룡
˲ûֱӳֻ֣Ǳ˴໥ӣ˾ͽһϯüĿò㣬ͦΣʼնһ΢Ц̸ֹΪ߶ࡣ
ȻҲֻ˵Ŀڰҫпǿ˸࣬ƾոյһͲѰܰ쵽ģ԰ҫû˿֮ģĽѾ˾ͽϢĽ⿪ˣȫԷſ˴
ҫ֣СˣȽҵһУƣŭ˾죡
˾ͽˣ缲գգ֮ҫǰһƺŭˣӿȣ磬纣糱ƺҪҫС۳û
Ʒ
ҫ˫ĿһɣȳתڱۣƳɵһգͬ磬ϣӱ۵񱩳ȵıҵһһǰ֮ƣиƥһ㣬˾ͽҵŭһΪ
õ
˾ͽҽżһ㣬ٿշڰҫ֮սǺܾûҫµĴˣһҪҫսʹ졣
ҫжٸҲмӣʵڣȫЩķĶȵģͬȻ𾴣ѡ
ôǺǣǰСһû͵Ŷ
˾ͽһЦ
Ǿͺã


ʮ ŭ뱬״
飡
ҫ˾ͽһƴһƣ˴˶Է俪˽żһӴ棬ٴθ߸Ծ𣬶Ӱ鷿֮չҵıƴʯ֮䣬Զʮ֮ࡣ
˾ͽĿһ׼һյǵأۺŭˣ̩ɽѹ֮ʱҫе·ֱӵͷ£ǿޱȵĺҫ
ƣɽ
ǰˣҫᶨû˿Ļң˫Ȼ»ӶԲһƬǳ̫ͼͣǳת̫ת˳潻棬жһޱߵж֮ӿ
Ųƣ
˾ͽӿĺ͵ĳͼ֮ϣǹɾֱӱ̫ͼжתһ˲ʧĸɸɾβ档
ͬãǳޱߣжţҫǿ
˾ͽи̾սңҲݲһ˿һķģԼжȥΣҫǵƲˣ˫Ŀ¶һ˳ƺ֮һ֮
ھ֮£һĻֱ˾ͽң񱩵Σȵƣҫһƺ죬һǰ֮ƣֱ˾ͽҶȥ
ƣɽ
ҫ֮ǰһжţʵ似˾ͽҲţҲһж֮ҫִͽ̣
˾ͽһһЦ˫һ֮ףתһɼΪ͵з羢˫ȻͣȻҫĻŭסʹƫ˷
˾ͽ˫ĿȻһɣһת˫һһӣ˼һĻˣҫĻ˾ͽҵ˫һȦַ
ҫ֣һзƣЦɣ
Ա֮ʩһ˾ͽңõʵԡƾ˻ܰҫҲˡ
ҫһЦ漴һףϢ˫ƽ٣ŭ潫˫۸ǣ·һ㣬һᣬת˫Ƶγɷ֮ƣ¡
Ǿ޴Ļ浶Ҫﵽһɿ⣬ѸƥףʹƱְֻͣǵһݿնɢȥƲ׼˾ͽҵͷ­ݺݵնȥ
ٸеһ˫ͣ
ǿУſգ
˾ͽҿǰڵͺһ˫۷ת۳Ĳз羢һ֮λת˵ǿȴһַǳǿ
ҫһ֮ϣţ뺣ֱӱɢҫְתһȻжȥڶɽϣеļ϶һգ۵ʱ䶼
ڶȥǿһն£˾ͽҵζʱϢ֮һֽҪɢĸо
˾ͽҺͷһ𣬰ҫͣһңƥһɱѵ֮ʱ˿Ѫ壬ˡ
˾ͽҵҲûеڵһյҲǰҫڶɢ֮󣬵ӿ֮ʱǺ֮Ŀ϶ת˲ŵĿ϶Ѿ׽ˣǣ˾ͽҺһơ
һƲɵһƿ糱һŭ˳˵̰һƺƵͬϯһ㣬۲ɢԼƷʵʵĺڰҫ֮ϡ
ƣ˷ˣ
ؿһ˺ѷεʹҫûһƸıȥȻ߳ɵѱ񹦵ĻֵʣɴʹķΣҪǰҫһǿĽȥӲƽͲʹķˣӦǹǶϽ۲Ŷԡ
ҫһҧǿסؿڵľʹֿ磬ץס˾ͽҽؿڵȾ籼ףȷն˾ͽҵߣƤһ㽫˾ͽ߷ɡ
ͬʱٿһغ԰֮ˣ˴˻һۣԼͬĳǣȥߵѪգ漴Ȼʼڵİ
ʱǶʮӣѿĿɿڴҫ˾ͽҵսʵ˷ܲѣָߵȼĶԾɲʱܿġҪ˾ͽڳǲΣ˼ֽкˡ
ҫȻܹٸ£
ǣǣٸһĵһ֣֮һ־ƣѵǷ켫ĵزȴȻòҫҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ҫ͸£ôģ˵ǽеһɢʿûȴȻǿ˹һš
ߣ־Լ磬ҫǿҿҲδؾܽӵٸǿɱУӵǿԸٸĴڣӲһȡ
Ƕʮӣ̲ס˽һҪݱɳܵƣΪǿʼΪɣһְ֧ҫһ֧˾ͽҡ
ȣҽս˵Ǵ棬Ҿģúÿ
˾ͽǵͳڵӵĶУ˶Ϊ֮ڽͷӶ׷վıֱһ˿
ؿҫ˾ͽңһؿʹһоԼߺƱնһ㣬𾢲ϵĳľʽɱҫҪʤһϾǿĽǣؽǼǿȻҪһ֡
Сһͦģʽ仯ͨȫʽѧãһûһѧǻ۵˿̫ɽҲ¶ѣ̥ΪսḻƱڹΪʽڻͨҫֻҪⱩĳɾ͹Ʋ֮¡ǰǻʶӢ۹ɶ
˾ͽǺЦж԰ҫֻ߲ͣͬʱҲƷɵ۹̫ɽ֮ϣҫͬʱսлҲڳʱ԰ҫֻǲѣҪԼȼûǷʸʸǿšơӦˡ
ǻ˵ϻˣæأ㿴ߣһаƻ£
һ봫˾ͽԺУ˾ͽҲûʲôٶֻ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ʱȲر֮ڣһڶŪżϵһֻɫСһ˫ֲɣǶʮͷòΪ
궺ŪһС֮̾һСҫǸˣܷܲӳЩֵǾҪ컯ˣ
һﻰ䣬ͬɫСͬʱɢΡ


ʮһ 
ҫһųת˾ͽҵĺΰȳǰ˾ͽҲˣüͷģҫ˺ѻ⡣
ҫһȵɲǱϿȥô򵥵ģⲻڵİڵ˺ȷڸȾǧ˽Ƥ⡣˵ʱ˾ͽˣ˵ıȰҫҪء
ҫϬ˾ͽҵʵѾһ˽⣬Լһжɱĺܣ˾ͽҳüչģ֪һûߣлУ˾ͽҲ
ҫǺֶΣһŻأ
ٸЦˣҫţһĹһġ
ҫĻô棬ʵʲôȡһɼֺˡֻǰҫ΢ǰֻЩ֣˵ˣһ涼ûǸʸ
ǵܹЩ˳֮Ϊ֮ӣսܣܷѹһͷкǰˬ
˾ͽҲգ΢΢ͷͬҫ˵˺ܼ򵥣ʵȻõ˵أһ㣬ҲǿԽܵģΪǸʱ
ҫ֣Ƕ˵ʵôȥʤҪǧ֮ˣҪһжʤ㿴Σ
ٸ˵ǣҫҲд⣡
ãŷƣŭ˿ΣǿɱУӡ
ٸƷҫƻƣٸָ̣ƣٳǣ
ҫкɣ˾ͽ˵Լ䣬ɰҫҲͬսֻһ̤죬Ķʮ𸮵ӶĤʹѣǣͬʱֱ񷶥˫һһ֣ӿƥ۶ʱŭ죬֮ǿ𺳵Щķѡ
ҫǿ˾ͽҲֻ֣˫һչӿ纣ˣ˫۷תӿ纣Ϣ˫һ˳ƺ˰ʱҼתױǣŭˣֱ񷶥İҫȥ
ҫ˫Ŀ𣬾챩ȣһ֮׹ʯֱ׹£Ҷֿ񱩵Ļ𾢣·Ҫٽ˫һƣͺӭ˾ͽҡ
䣡
񱩵ˣͬһϯܣɾĳĶײ壬˾ͽһһУ͵ҫкµĻ𾢳ɢ·ĺˮ⵽ȸµĻȵѹסŭˡ
ҫ˫Ŀһ˾ͽ˥֮ʱʶĴʤ׷һתʱ޷缱תһŸתĻݣһ֮У׾ٵͻ˾ͽҵԳ塣
ˣȥ̫ղˣҫаãڹԵãֻܽһƺȥ볷Ѿˣһƺȥ˾ͽҲҪѲƤ
˾ͽҲͬգոþʱ鸡˵ˣŲһӶѣֻܱơ
ˣ͵ɣ
ǧһ֮ʣ˾ͽ쿪ˣڰҫǰһȦȦռ֣ҫһƵסռ䲨ķֱӰѰҫ׷ɿȥصײһϡ
ֻһ仰ѣ˾ͽǿѾһַ˼ĵزҲ֪ôģȫûгֵļ󣬻ߣֻ֣ڳˣûһȥ
˾ͽ֮󣬺ɼ٣ոһ˲䣬еŵˣҪԼ׳֣ԼҪĴۣԲҲ̶á
Ҷϰ֮ϦҪǵˣ죬𸮵һȻ޵Уǣ۽粻Ӧֻ𸮣ĹӦҪ¡ټĽУʿǿҲҫ֮һϣͨһս
˾ͽĽѵ˾ͽͷȻһ𣬵ڽһĸս֮ʱѾʼһָ̬߰
ȻԣԸʹȻҲûʲôڽľٶ˵ѾʼıζһЩʦֵܿʼһָӵ̬ȡ
Լڰҫϣپ˾ͽĵͷȣȻԼôȥǸ̬߰ԽԽңֻԻǰ̡
̣ܽл״㣬չһЩʱգٶԴһúһ۽֮࣬Ҳиõĥϣ״˳ȫ˾ͽұȭ£Ϊ˵
˾ͽ΢΢һЦĵ˵ͷĻص漴ĿһƲʵСһްɣ
л飡
ҫֱϵĳȭ˵ȻԼǹɿռ֮ɣҲûܵ˺ǹɿռķɷֻȴˡ
ѹҸ˾ͽսôöûлȥκζÿһεĶԺ䣬ˣԿʯȴƲ
ҫܣȴһǳϡ͸谭ոյǲռ֮֮ͬֻռûзѡ
ҫһص˾ͽǰȭ˵ٸˣ
˾ͽҲͬȭҫ˵Цˣˣûʲôòϵģսˣҫֹ߾˾ͽ壬Ըҫֽύһ֪ɺã
ٺòٸҫηҫͶٸϸֵ֮ˣҫϲԼǴԸ˾ͽ书ƷϼѣԼύȻ߲ܡ
״ˣҫֽύҿ֮ǰһ¾ʹΣŮ֮ǿ󲻵ãзִ硣Ҳ֮ŭûҪΪģ˾ͽҹȭҫ顣
֮ǰ˵ˣԼϣҾͲˣ˾ͽ΢Цص
ҫȭһ񣬹壬ҫм
ʵҫĺܣ֮ǰ˾ͽ춯ŭԲŭԼͻΪɻˣ˾ͽɱһֻҪѲ˶١֮ԹŭգƸ˾ͽҶ֣Ӧ뿴ԼΪѣⷬٶΪҫԼҲŪ
ˣҲˣЪϢȥɣ±Իᴫ٣ҫڶ죬ðҴתתҲһ
ǣˣ
лҫ߶ˣ
ҫ˾ͽǶʮ𾴵Ŀ£˷Ƶص˵档
ҫȷֵȥύԣʵ֮ѡֵܣҲͷˣ
л常ģڲر֮УҫԸȥرҲҪһңͬһ̿ʼҾ֪һֵܣҳ°ѣ
ҫ˾ͽҷֿصͷڣŴչغ֮ĴӻһöţƤֽõĵҩţƤֽĵҩͨɳ֮ɫɢһ˿Ļ֮˵ǰҫջȥı絤
˾ͽ죬Ĵ֮һԼգ˵ȥˡǣֱĸоǲ̫ðҪػһУֻƾڵʵԶԶģ


ʮ ̹ͬ
ҫϸĶű絤ĹЧ֮ǰѾ°˵ˣڰҫ˵ֻҪô˵ԼʵԻһʵķԾ
գеļ´Եľ뱦絤ЧศɣֱΪҫģʵ֮ɣĺǧ󰡣
ҫʶĽ˵ĳ֣ʹȻⲻ֪һһ˾ͽ죬Ľһ߻Ҫܵⰲŵġ
ҫôɵĿű絤û̷ãеԭ㡣
һ֮ǰ˾ͽҴսһľޣ״̬ѣҪϢһ󣬵ָԲ̷ܸõķҩЧҩ֮ʱӦϣҩЧۿۣʱǱǲˣ޶ûᡣ
ڶҲҪԭڳ°Ϊ˳°ȻȻĻȥʵϣҫģ⸲һͨĵҩȻȥľʱٶȣҩ͵תƭˣҲ°
ǹⲻȥԼʵĽ°ΪֵܡǣҫҲˣҲʥˣڱ絤ջ£ҲܲģõȻҪսԼеġ
ҫҪػԼӵеһУҪĹҪǿʵܹ˾ͽ˱ȼʵƴаиȣʵʹõҩҲһ˿鸡ʵ
ǣҩûã״ָ̬ҲûãȥʹٰҫҲֻһöϵ
ˣ²һΣԾǴ谭ͬҲľ谭ģڴΪã°̹װɣ
ҫ絤պãһ˾Ͼȥҳ°̹ס
ҹշǵ㣬ĵҹ亮䣬𸮵פڣȴʼձź㶨¶ȣҫһݶ֮ϣһһڵĺƾƣʱץʱڴڵĹƣʲô쳣ơ
ƻʱ֣ͨڵĵҵ˳°Ŀͷǣվڳ°ͷǰȴòǸţԼûֵܡ
Լ˱絤һ£һʱ֮ڿڣ֮ǰõĴʣһ⡣ûȥţԴżܵݶһߺƾƣһŽ֮
û뵽ǣԽԽԽԽȣԽȾԽ룬ѭ֮£һʱƿӰ֮һݶȴһĪչҹȲ԰ҫĹзֽƺ϶һӵľƣδػ⡣
оƶң̫˼˰ɣ
һӰ°İҫԣ˿ݶɢľƿҡҡͷڰҫߣһƿƣһڣ˵ǵϴ˵ǴѲҪʹǧǲ飡

ҫ˵ͷĻصΪҫе㲻°ӣ˾ƺһڡ
ˣ絤ûУмҪ״̬õʱãΪ˵Ҫȥ״̬㣬ᵼҩЧʧģ
~~~~~
ҫеľƣͬȪһ°һ඼©һģһľ֮ɫǵ׽񶼣ǽ˾ͽ죬ûгֹɫ
㶼֪ˣҫ˫ۣһʵ
°˵ͷһھƣص絤ɳ֮ɫɫɣһ͵תƭΪ˭ûм絤ĵһۣҸͬʱֵĵҩҲ㻻˵ҩһֲᷢˣһûϹأ
ΪʲôҴңҫͷһڡ
ΪʲôҪҴɲһ⡣˵ϲ԰Ÿģ֮ǰ֪Ǳ絤ʱҾ˵ˣ˵ȴʺңԼʽԼĵΪδС֮ǰκεҩֻŪɳ׾ʵ䷴ѡ
ʺϵѡȻҪﾡãҰѵҩתø㣬ȻԼĶԼĶӦҪ뾡취סǳʲôô
ѵͲ㣬ʱľ棬ֻҶһ˳սĻǱɣ÷ȻĲƣװΪٱ͵תҵˣˮҲսסֱס˵ҩһð
ҫŤͷ°£棬Ķų°ţԼһĻСˣó°һ٣ԼҲˣϾԼˣҲԼеμһЩ
ãİֵܣܿó
ҫ΢΢һ㶣Ѿ׼ðų°ŭԼɳ°Ļشȴе㷢¡
ܿóĿˡҫʵ
֮һݶľƿ̹Լ͵ת£ȴֲ֪ôڣŲȥҵţƾƣΪҵһͬеһʼշŲ£԰ɣ
ҫĬĬĵ˵ͷһھơ
ȻǽսʱȫлƲңЯߣȴûôһսףΪҵһͬԼһҪô
ҫĬĬĵ˵ͷһھơ
Ǳ׽һȷɳȥ׹֮󣬷ȻҪɱ㣬ֹʱȫԼװΣסȻǶ;ƿݣĻܻɱ뷶Ȼ׾١㲢ûôΪǾͬҲսô
ҫĬĬĵ˵ͷһھơ
ҿԿóİֵܣǣҿҫһļƵļթС˰
ҫͷ΢΢һЦ°һƺȭ˵ֵܣҫԸͬ


ʮ ҩ
峿ҫ˸磬չž죬һƬ泩°İѾƳ̸ҫеεȻ޴棬°壬ҫ۷ͬʱҲ°ΪԼֵܡ
ԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ࣬ڵһЩʵǿݵӣ׷ױȥ
󣬱ȽֵһĻ֣ǾݶΪľƺڷšЦƺײ˷֯һľɫֳһ֡
ֱʱûмٷӶпƲסƣȻҲûҪȥƣΪ֮У˾ͽȫһء
ҹ޷ֵȼ޷ִСѾԻԣ顣˭Ҫ裬ΪĻԼԹԵȥðɡ֮ʱһ˾ְڣúúȣʹˣ
һ䣬ͬ죬еӶǵϥ¹򣬱ȭȣл䣬ԸΪҸϹᣬѡ
񻶣ڣһһһһ˾ͽҡű彫ĸ߲㶼֣𸮵ĻΪ϶ˡúõ˱˴̸ۣ֮ȫûκεĸң̸˵أѾԻ
ⳡʢʼٸߣҫ°ǻϲޱȣƣ˸߲ܣһЩ̸۽еȤ£һЩѧ֮
˾ͽҸǴ󷽵ĳԼڰҫϣڳ˶߰ҫһۣԣҫһ˵ݸ˳ԣĴԸѺˬСڣҲĵôҵϿɣ𸮵һЩ߲㶼Ƕ԰ҫмӡ
ͬʱҲ֪һЩ𸮵أ˵𸮵ĹĻһֳֵ֮󷨣ܹ֮׼ȷ֪ҫ٣ͬҲһʹȻ
ҫҲֻôѣڳ𸮸߲㣬һ˾˵ϲ˵һֲ©ҫ֪أ֪ġ
ȻҫҲɵӣ֪ЩҲǱȽϴĵˡ漴㲻ٶʣʼҫ°ѵܣȾƶȳһСϪˣƺСֱ׺ˡ
е˫ȭѵ֣ûܲסȺǣ𸮺úЭ֮£ʹҫҲͷεĸоǳ°Ҳò˶٣ưҫȵģգҪĻԼеǵʧˣ°ֵͬܡ
ù㣬һµӵĴ죬ҫ𸮵һңҲ˾ͽԸģҫ𸮵ڣ˼أԳͨ裬߱͵Ĵ
ڣֻһһü򵥣Сҫ⣬µӵлһ뿪֮󣬰ҫϥ˹һС죬Լ״ָ̬Բó˱絤һһ¡
ҩڼһСϪͷҫ˹һߣڵľĽƣһܣһɴִ֮ĳʱ֩һ㴫ÿһ磬ɢһͨظ֮еڵ
ҫʣ絤ѾʼҩЧˣǣ֪ǣһϸ΢ĳ˫Ŀ
ʱҫǹɳȵĹעһֽҪƵıѸУҫüͷһ壬ڵתȫǡ
ڴͬʱ񹦵ĻȻΣЩ߾ͨĴ߷˲仯Ϊһ㱡ĳҫȫĤ⣬าǣȥۿĻôҫڵÿһطȼţ絤ı׶Чʼ
ʹʹ˺ѷεʹҫĵ·Ҫһ㣬Ȼÿתǹһ֣ǱŵľʹޱȣͺԵ̫Ҫѳθһ㣬ֻʹ˳ɰǧѡ
ʹʹ˺ѷεʹҫȫ¶ȼգڵĹƤ⣬·˶ȼһ㣬ڱ߻ı׶գһ£һڶıգһʲôʹ˹ƻᱻʹ
ģôһССʹܲˣ̸ƨػһУôΪԸ˾ͽ졢ƷɡĽ߱ȼ磬߸ƨĽ׶ǰɣСүîˣ
ҫؽҧҪҧ飬ֶʹǿҽгӱ絤ڼԿǹɳȵʵǵ
ʱǹؼʱ̣еĵѾ߷ԼֻҪһſڣͻᵼµţһжǰϣ׶֮ᱻ˲ߣʧ⣬ڵᱻһѽ壬ҲҪˡ
ҫţǵǿػһеľģΪǿ֧ŵ㣬־ﵽ۷壬ڵתԽԽңڵĳȥѹǾµļǱյһƬ죬һĸо
ͻȻҫ˫Ŀһʹյֳһģһľʹ
Ծ֮ǰ׶ʱһ˿ĵҵ˫ۣһΪֻǾѣû뵽ȻؼĽ׶βűô£°˵׶͵ǣѣ۾ʲôϵ
ҫв⣬Ҳҷģʱȫ޴ۣ۾һ࣬۾һ٣ͬҪֻ̣֪ԼһԵĻԵһĴԵ


ʮ ͫʵ
絤ǽ޼ɵ󱦵֮һЧǷǲ˵ģڶ⣬ߣһһʵķԾ
Ȼ絤ЧʵֹڴˣһصЧͬҲǴ˵ļֵڣصЧڵϣѾûж֪ˣ׶壬͵Ĳֻѣ˫ͫ
ʵ°˵ĵҩЧѾǰ˾Ųʮˣֻ˵Ĳ̫׼ȷѣǾǱ׶ǿ֮⣬һصЧá
ǾⱦЧʹڹߣһصȻּ΢΢ڱ絤һγڣΪļλ̷ߣֻһ
бͫһϡе˷ָ֮ͫȵ޼ɵϡ䱦ϡг̶ȡ
ʵϹʱڣ֮ͫȻҲϡ٣ҲŲٵĴڣֻǽ֮еͨ֫ٺͨͨ
Ȼͨ˫۵Ӿֺαȥȥר˫أϹʱ֮ͫķűԽԽΪǼߵĴڣ󼸺˹עӶԽԽ֮ͫ񼸺Ҫˡ
ʵϣ֮ͫǵǼߣǼǿĴڣ֮ԱϹΪʵ̫ʱ䳤ɹʵͣЧȻΪǼߡ
һɹ֮˫ͫ仯Ϊֲͫÿͫͬ
ͫڿԽһ˵һֲ԰ɫĻ̬֣һ¶ȵĳַʽˣû£Ļǵ»Ǹ£бΣ¶֮Ҳᱻ͸аɱߵĿǡ
ڿͨ˫ͫӣȼһ˵ĻνĻѪҪĻͷأôᵼʹ죬Ѫٹ죬ˮּʧӱģָӰ죬ߵ˵جΣԷʵһ벻ֹ֮ıԣһ˿ĲãĸӰ죬ģܡ
۷壬֮£ֱԷѪµȼʹȼն
ⱦܱͫɹǵʵǾףҪΪⱦ絤ıֵͫļʵ̫ãԼܸķã˵ƶҪ޼ɵˡ
ʹȻϡеͫҪڰҫֽעҪʣ
ؿҫʱѾؼʱ̣±һɴǣƤյͨ죬һ㱡ĳɫװǣ˷·Ƕסһ㡣
죬ң飡
ҫһƿޱȣһ壬ƤϵľȫɣƬǧҵǽڣѡ
ҫնƤɺתףָɫһȼյĳףǣûһ˿ʹУһ֮⡣֮ϣϣ߿ŻԲһʵһĻֶڱѨϻһϸСƶĺ㣬ɢĹΡ
ҫĹѴ۷壬ֻһ˿ɳĲΣһ޷󣬵ڵȻС֮һĳ̶ȴʵķԾԭȻʼһֺصĸо
תԴԴתȫҫȫԸо֮ǰûõҩ֮ǰȣһࡣ
˫ȭһ߬һžľ죬ǿУҫǲԾ𣬰ҫܹоԼĽͬ޴󣬼⡢Ĥ硢ѨƤȻһ¡
ݰҫԼƣԼĽԴﵽľǿĲ˼飬ͬڼ˿ˣ㲻Ӳδܸɶ˺
絤ı׶ҫӵļ£ʱԲʵﲻֹǿĽǿĺôʼո¶ͷǣͬڣҫѾ޵еĴڡ
οҫڸոǿ̶ʹ֮ʱǹɾǿ䣬Ϊ޾ʹԼ̨֮УһĪĶ飬ҫľʥ۷壬뵽ʥڡ
ʥ֮۷ĹȰĽ֮һеĽϣԴʱ˿̰ҫʵһ֮ȫʸŽǰ֮ڡ
ڵʵս˾ͽңҫȫģʮ֮˾ͽңԴﵽʽĽܡǷ̫ȫս֮£ҫбʤİա
ҫأһ³Ѱ˼ţ絤ȫʵֹ״̬õ۷壬Ȼ۾еӦòʲô󰭰ɡ
ҫһ˫Ŀ˫ֳ֮ͫͫɫĳɫɢ
ҫüͷһ壬УӾе㲻һˣܵľ糣ĿһֻǣǽھȻͨ͸ǽںĵˣ³ֳһȼյĲ԰֮ס
ҫԼֵӾԶңףͻԽԽģҾ෬ʵ飬ӾĵԺԲƣһ˫ĿɿδʱԼӾҲ볣죬Ҳûʲôá
ˣȥˣҲڱףҲõģԺõı͵Ϯˣ
ֽͫͫ


ʮ ڤ뾲ڵд
ڣҫ˫Ŀ𣬾糱ʱƴƻֺ꣬ʱѸͣƥ
Ƶת磬죬Ͼ񹦣绢ʽתޱȣƷ׶ѸͣеĻѾҫ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ʵҫҪӦʵνвһգУ硣ʽҪศɣȱһɣֻΪߵͲһȳӣǿֻǿȥǿѡ
񣬹ˣôʽҲҪϲУڹİҲҪշ硣
ҫ֮Ա˫ĿΪԼнֵĵˣԺģΧ֮սһ
ʱҫıĿйУĿʱһģһޱȣûйΨһͬǣҫȥнֵˣһֲ԰׻̬ҫɱȥõĹʽ佻սʱ߰˷ֵơ
֮ԻľֻΪҫһ֮٣ӶշͫһС
ǰҫ絤ĵڶգԺģĶ֣һԼѧʽʽ֮࣬ܿûʲô֮ȻУһ飬䣬ֻһһغ˷ʱѡ
ҫ˫ۣһƬڣԺпʼģ⣬ͻȻһſŰɫĻ֣֮󲻶ϵ۳ͣһɢŲ԰׻Ρ
ҫüͷһ壬ͻı仯΢죬æ۾־ڳԼûһ˵Ĵڡ
ҫһոԺЩɢŲ԰׻ӰԼ͸ǽڿһ˵ɢ԰׻漸һ
ôҫѾԿ϶ˣԼ˫۾Ĺû̫ɻ뽹ˣǶԼӵ˫۾еԽԽ˷ܡ
ѽԺͷˣⱦ絤治浤Ȼʹҵ۾죬ЧҴľϲ㹻Ĵ󰡣
ҫٴα˫ۣǰ֮󣬴ʱٴοܲ԰׻εĳ֣Ѿû˲죬һ˷ܵĸоڰҫ˵ĸڣԼ°빦
ðɣǿʼɣ
ҫպ˫ĿһЦתһݣڶ԰׻εΧ
ӣҫʼ˳µıչԱչôʱ䣬д󲿷ʱ䲢ʽ빦ԭ
˵ʵڵģֻӦ屩԰ҫѧǻۣҲһµʱ䣬ԭչؼգ֮ιһ𸮡çĹطҲңʹǻرĽϾλҲ˼Ľ
ǣڱչصĵڶգҫͷԸµӣķŸѩѱĽȴкƽ
չصʱҫˣһѴԲֻʽڻͨ磬ѾûٱչȥıҪ
ͬʱҫҲյĽĻţ˵çĴһʱ䣬Ҳڱչأһ֮أ֮ȥһݵķϬ򣬵ʱǿڷϬͷ
ҫȻΣҲ޷룬ֻٶһʱˣͷĵطǷϬҲó⣬Լоɣ˳Ҳȥ
ɲɵǣҫŵǸոճص˾ͽңµ˵ҫԼҲڱչʱһľǾҰҫ֡
˾ͽдҪ󣬰ҫ˫ۼгһ죬ϵЦ쳣̣صĵ˵ͷҫ֪Լʱʵ״ﵽһʲôļޣˡ
֮ڣд裬˶Ѵ˹ʶ˭˭Ӯֻб˴֪⴫ãĻãǱд裬ǹսΪ𸮵ٸ˾ͽǶˡ
αԣ˾ͽҽӲҫУҰܵҫȫѹ˾ͽңȫûл֮һУ׾ٵĵ˾ͽҵʽˡڶУĿ񱩵˾ͽҷȥǿһƣӡУҫѾֻ˾ͽǰһλãֻҪһ¾һ˾ͽұֱӱͷ
˾ͽҿŰҫЦеı飬е㷢£ҲѣԼչڹϵʽϵ򣬶һСĽ
ҫȣԼһվ׳ǰĺͯкηֱú޻֮ݣԲ֡ҫһдģƶûþȫԼһжӲס
֪ҫͨҩڶʱ˴Ľʱ˾ͽҲƽˣС֮ҩʵҲʲôɳܵ顣
ʲôʵʵʵʵĴڣôǿȨûȨȥܣÿ˱ǿԼķҲͬҪıǿ֮һѽ
ڰҫ˾ͽ֮ĵڶգԭǴأ˾ͽǣһݷϬĵ
֪˾ͽ쵽Ǻ⣬𸮵ľű˰ҫľУ˵˾ͽķԸʲôʱӮǾŸʲôʱܳء
ҫҲûգ˾ͽ쿴ȥһǿ˵̬ȣֻΪԼһӣԲþűҲ硣Ȼһֿܣ˾ͽ֪ҫ˱絤Ҫ֪ҫһʵһεȵĵز
ԭúܣҫҲȥܣÿԽ֮Լʵļ޵׵һʲôĵز
ԣҫűıԣҲʽĻڽʮҫһսһˣԽ޵֮ˣֱܾűеЦ滢ֹꡢͭƤǰԡЫɥȮޡҮ޻ǹɱĲס߲ˣڵھʱҫһս֣սһʱܣս쳣
ڵʮʱҫ˾Уű֮ףṦǿצ޵еľӥͼ
һսһһҹűеʣ˶ھȴֱͼ֮߳ʱ˵ĺѯ£ͼҲûжֻ˵һ仰˴ʧɫ
ţûûӮƽְɣ
һƽ֣ޱȣű˶ʥ֮Ͷʥڣϴͼͻʥﵽ֮֮ľ硣
ҫľһ⼸Ľʥ֮ǣʥ֮߳һ׶ε֮ƽ֣˵ʲô
ֻ˵ҫʵѾþȥˣʵѾ˾ı׼ͬڣҫԳƵ޵еĴڡ
ڰҫ𸮵ĵڶʮգ峿ҫ¥鷿֮ڣȭ˵ʱգɸչˣ޲ɢ֮ϯҫ˷ǰǣõϰҫĵطܿڣҫض߾ܣ
˾ͽСһ裬΢΢һЦ


ʮ ҵĵ·°
ôżߣѵ𸮾ôûס㣡֪һ֮жðΣĹ򣬲ΪѰֻΪһ𸮵ݡȴѰ޹飬Щ˶ġ
£ȴΪΣСһʵδǱҲ޿ɹ˷ôһϼѵ񡣡
ֻҪͷӽǱϯӣֱңڳ˱⣬κ˵㶼Բ죬κ˶ûȨȥ㷣㣬ͬʱᾡľɲţǽ̳ҵλãҲǲԵģ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣˾ͽ֮⣬ǹֱӵģµĺôʵеھˡ
ֱ˾ͽһˣõ˾ͽȫܷܳпܳΪδ𸮵ĽӰˣȫһ֮֮ϰ
λȨصջ£Щ־֮˵ȫûеֿġ˵ǵͷˣǸʲôͻȥɣɱɱɱɱĸ¶ĳ
ɰҫȴֻһ㶶ѣûüܾҲûеͷӦֻĦ°ͣƺѰ˼ʲô
ӴǣȤСȻҪǣͨӦѾ£ͷĵͷѪ˰ɣǲӦˣҲãҪ˵Щʲô֮
˾ͽһߺ裬һĵŰҫĻظҲҲȤСһʲô˵ǡ
ڽǸʲôĴڣǶçǧҲĴڣøɵй֮һĴڣǸƵͨĵӶ˾Ĵڣһ߽ʱһţκ˸ҪֱĴڣçĹıر۵׵Ķڡ
Ĵڣˣͷ֮֮ۺʵ֮ǿ֮ѩѱǰҪһͷ
ɽĴɽô˵ǸڽϺаԵһ˾ͽʶһ˾ͽãô˵δͲˣ
ڰҫ֮û̴ӦŴȥܾΪУЩֻѣûԼʵô˰ġ
ԼӦ˾ͽûʱԼһţ˷أʵﵽһߵĸ߶ȡ
ǣŵ֮վľˣҫҲǸİҫˡػһеıģ޾ԸԼһжΪ𸮵Ĵڶݺݵ
ⲻǰҫҪģҪֱסֻĽŲΪǿ谭
Ѱ˼Ƭ֮󣬰ҫһ˫ֱȭһ˵ʶҫˣµĺֵܳ°˵ǰ㣬ҫҲԼĵҲԼ·ҲֻԼһһ߳ĵ·ߵȽߵģ㿲ƽ᫣ǵ⣬Ҳ߹йԣˡҫ⣬ҫ޸ܣѡܰɣ
˼ôңĵʲô·ʲô˾ͽ΢΢һЦʵ
ҵĵҪػԼӵеһУҪػԼˣжԼˡҵ·߳һ޾ڴɵ
ҫ˵ͷ漴Ϊ˵ᶨԿⲻ˵˵ѵġ
ȤСһȻĲԸҲͲǿˡȥɣѾҽˣҪμסոո˵Ļסĵ·ô
ҫ˵ͷһ񣺡ɸ෬չˣԵҫصߵлκηԸֻҪŸҫҫ岻ݴǣ
˾ͽҲͬ˵ͷ˰֣ʾҫ뿪
ҶСһۣеˡ

°Ҵˣһȥ𣿡
ҫ°ķǰ˼û˻ӦŽһˣʰ൱룬뵽ҫһ۾Ϳϵŷ⣬дţҫ
ҫŷ⣬ƲѣȻǳ°ԼţҲ˵°ӦѾ뿪ˣȻҲԼкߣеơ
ҫ֣㿴ʱôѾ뿪𸮣ԭҵĲǶΪҪߵ·ͬҵĿ뷽Ҳģֻ˵ֽ׶Σûа취ͬ·ߵġҿɲԸΪǹֵܵ壬ҵļƻҵĽŲһ㻹Ҫ½һ
֪Ͽ˺ܶʺţϾǽˣ̸ĵĴһָֻĿǣңʵʳʱ֪һУ֪޲޲
ҸħűĴ𣬻ֵ㲻Ҫ֣°ԼԼˣ˵Եе㲻ʹˡȻ°Ҳʲôظ֮ˣƾҹС֮ɲܵħűȫûϣĻʱôʱҪֵԮأ
Уһ˵㰮ҪԼţǾǣզǶʵŮЩ鲻ҪһСŮ̬ŤŤƵģֵ֮˵˵ûʲô˼ģ´ҷǰŤľٶ°ȭͷز㡣
˶Ļ㲻˵ˣ°ܽύҫֵܣѣνһֵܣ˷ҲֻǶݵ뿪ѣ°Ҳֻ˵ֵһǽټ֮ʱҪٴͬһˣֵܡ
ҫ֮һеֽȫٻ٣ϸСӣƽʱô˵д憪£˵СŮ̬ҿأ
ҫǰֽҴɢ
СӣɱϡͿˣɣ
ʱ֣ҫվڸ֮ϣǰĹĻԽԽϡԼĻǰͱ˾ͽң˾ͽᣬűˣҫҲ΢΢һЦ˻ֵʾ⡣
˵ʵڵģ˷֮Уĵĺܴ󣬾Ѱֵܣ˫رսޣѲʵһ˴ߣķɣⷬҲǷḻˡ
ŹĻʧҫװŤͷݵķȥʱʱţȸͷˣѰ˵ıضɳ̫ϧˣ
պ󣬰ҫ߳ģȻҲ飬ֻ𼱻ǵıϬ߳ĵһ죬õһϢһ̫Ϣ
ϣЭϬҪѪϴϼ岻ɡ
ƪԳһᡣ
ڴ
ƪǧС԰


һ ΧϬ置嶾
˵е֮Ҫôݣʲô޾棬Ѫɺӵĵ棬ѪɵĥѣĿĶвݵɱ¾ôʱ˿̵ķϬ򣬿֮ˡ
յķϬӭѪȵһ죬ʬƬҰ֫⼸һأ涼ȾһƬѪ֮ɫһЩʬѾģˣͺһ͵׳һ㡣ǹŨҴ̱ǵѪ֮Զ֮⣬Ҳ˲Ż³
Ϭˣÿһż׶ı飬ǵԺУûԣûʩԣûпԡеֻгֵĵˣеֻǾȫȥɱ¾Լͬŵĵˣɱ˷ҽ˺ѷΣ£ǺԵôö
ϬĴ¥µĿֵϣڻеı˴˹ɱȥ˶Į壬ֻʣһ뷨Ǿɱǰĵˡ
ɫƷεȺ糱ˮӶֿӿ룬ԮսƴɱͬţֵɫεȺڲƽѹɫƵȺ
˫ɱַۣεȺƣʹԷòˣٶȻǰͷɫƷεһɱǳ¡
~~~
ֵϵ˫ɱذ¥˫֣Ƕݱһ¥ͷһӰڵһ㣬ײǽڵɳ¥׹ȥ
Ǽ׹֮µӰθߴ׳ǳֻ͵Ѫ۵ķߺ֮ɫŷ¥ȱ֮ţǸҧгݵģ·֮ǰսеǳĲġ
ַεȺУӢӣ߸еı磬Χɱ׹׳
ģӾҲЩϣ͵ϮӣϹǵĹۣ
׳һذըܵӶĤʹѣΧľӢ׷ױͷĿѣڷڡ
׳ûһתһҧгݣŭĿԲģɼԸּ˻𱬵һࡣ׳˫һչƷףƻУ糱Ʒһ˲ΧԼľӢӡ
׳żһԵһģ𣬱ֱĳ¥ȱڴȻߴ󣬿һṦҲΪס
ǺǺǣ磬Ƣ𱬣۸һЩͽɲ㱾£Ķְɣ
һ欣ű¶ŨױĨ****زӰͻȻ׳󣬽Цһ˫צһ˿ȷ磬ݺݵצ׳ùǡ
ţӣӶ֣㻹ʸ񣬸ӹһȥӾͷθ
ɭצ׳ʮֵľע߶ȼУǰһ㣬漴һƣƾڣ׺ޱȡ
ǺǺǣ֮Ҳ㣬ѾҪŷ翹ֱ
****˫һչ˫צһȦצ罫׳һƵ⣬漴ˣȣԶ׳֮⣬ͣһݶ֮ϣ׳š
ѾޣƾЩ߹ҲѾҴҪĹʱҵ뿴˭Ѿ
ǺǺǣҽҼΧѱȻӮھʹ㣡
ƾ㣡
׳ܣʥ֮һԶ^ȫ߳ɹ֮ǿϸƥĽհƣʵŽǰ֮С
ܣ置嶾̳֮һʥ֮һֳ嶾צݶֽʯצ˿գ綾ƹ֮ʴ⣬ɱֲޱȡ
׺ݶӣһչʼһļս
ڹȥļң챤ɽկ֦ͬǿǿ֣ԵĴҷϬϼ壬չɨ
ڳ˫ѽѷ֣ϼ˲űƣգսս˳֮Уʤǧ֮⣬쵼¾Ȼһ֮Ӳҵ͹·硣
ޱȣһ˵ҼȻռϷ磬Ϣһϼһʱƶʢǿʼѹңֽ֮ơ
ֻϼƣһԮʵ֮󣬾ȻʼȻ޴棬ͻȻֳһһ浹ƣ˲񣬵ֱ룬ɱϼูأϬ
ڽһ˥ŷǳ˵ԣʱԻǣ˥ʱҲԻ侮ʯѩ̿Ҳǧ֮һĸʰɡ
ˣɱϬĿɲֻҶѣһЩˮ㣬侮ʯЩϼĳˣЩϼĸһЩϼˡ
ƺȥʵʱ˶ͽ㣬ʧʱôЩŲһţýϷһʵҲ˵ʵ
ȻûԮΪʤǳ˵ΣѱԮǵش置嶾а̡
置Ƕа̵ʢ֮أζƽأɽΪҪֲ置֮أʢƳ棬ߴ㣬ӵ֮־νһģյ׵֮һ
嶾̹˼壬һٶײޱȣ޶Ϊһаڸһˣ׼֮ͽʹ޶Ⱦ
ҲΪ嶾̵һ־֮£Ҳܳƴһ̣ϼһֲ
񣬷ϬΪսսϼ弫ΪϼеĸֶݺݵǣסڸϣͲɱϼĸֱȽǿ˫ȭѵ֣ûܲסȺǰ
¥߲¥֮ϣ븺ֶŮ棬ΧʮҸ嶾̸ϣγһְΧ֮ƣΧ
壬Ҿǽǰ㼸ֱ棬ϣ㲻ҪϣƲԳԷƣˣʵɣ
Ƴ˵һۣҲһۣ̲˵ʲôû˵ʸô
㡣
вˣʱŭĿӣؽҧͷ߸͹һתҪ֮ʱһֻݹ᾵ưסļ
ȣȣֹ֪࣬ʸ㣬˵ϻأ
üͷһ壬аã￴˲ÿˣ嶾̽Χ嶾̽ˣôأ


ڶ Ҵ籡ơ罣
룬ϼǿ֮ĩĪҪ翹ȥˣʵɣ
һǼͶҽȻаŶۣͬգϼˣȥҲҪɨأܣ
Դǣ˫ĿһⱩֱǰߡ
߹ᾣ壬һͷīɫĳɢһ˿ֳֹ̣ȣձ񣬷ֺõ뻥ӡ
˱嶾һ֮Ī磬һɲ⣬Զøǧ򻯣꣬Ͷ֮ʹһЩ֮ˣԵҲҪСģԲڽҲС
嶾ͽöַ䣬෱࣬ǼǿΪѲڵнսʱȷŶɱ¾Ӷﵽʤ࣬ʤǿĿģзжʵԼнⶾط壬ȫƴɱ֮£ϼȻɽ
嶾ΪаỴ̂ԭǲΪģκƱǿʱϼƶʢұѹĴԼȻռţȴ·磬µ˥Էȴʿ磬ټǿֲʵϼԳƵˡ
Ԯ٣ԺûʲôĴֻ˵ˣֻϼһҶѣҼУΣΪڻҵһϵе˵ȰԼ嶾֡
嶾̵ļҲ쳣Ĺأ嶾Īֻ˵һ˽Թȫ֮ƱļС
ȻҵļҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣȻ֪ⱳ飬κսѣʤԺãҲҪͨ
룬ҲǽǰˣȻ˵ôɵĻǿЦУһֻעĳɾͣ˭ȥںḶ́ĪһЦҿñ¶Ǻñȸʬһݡ
ڲŻϬŽһھ£룬ֽˣ
һﻰ䣬뱩ֱ߶ȥգ۱㵽һƺƾд֮ƣƷӿ񱩣纣˷Ϣֱͷ­ȥ
һͬһĳīɫӿǿǿݵȴֳһֹı֮ɫһȷ΢΢ü
飡
һ죬һƶԺ䣬˴˶Եˣһ䣬һڵĶ⣬֮һʱΪӰֱ׷ߣʼ׷ʹ
鸡ͣϼһ״̬㣬Ӧˣһ֮ǰλΧʱˣұҲܼһЩѹ
࣬ݺ׹أݶ֮ϻ˫̤ۣһͷ׷ɱȻŭɭȻһЦ
Ϊϼϯϣʵ֮£ֻοȣԾӰƻ棬׽˫ʹɣ಻Ӱأ籩һǵأĪС
ľ˹֮£ĪȻܣ׶ǷݵЦݣֱĿ룬ƺһıóѵģ
ԣҵô֮ǰĶѾųѽ
룬̫С嶾̵ĶˣϷıĶӡô׾˵ģ
ʧˣԭޱȵӰ˲ɢ˾ȻڹĪǰı֮ɫ
˷ҵһٰ
벻嶾֮ʱǸŮҲͣŭĿԲʩչѧҵĸ֣չս
ȻԼ󣬵ǣҵûа־ɫƴһսȫûͶĴ㡣
ɶ񣬽վҲҪ汳磬Ī£ǻȪ·ϣܰһ߹ܰ߳磬ת֮£ջŵĽâǰ֣һ˫Ŀңң֮ĵҸۡ
һ֮սݱĽš
ʮɻ籣ɽ
Զ^񹦣Ʒ˺ƣ
ɫ籣һ׳˶˫ۣ仯һӰŭһ㣬Ǹߴ֮ϡҲͬǵʲã˫Ȼһ䣬񱩵ƿϯƾ;ף׳˶ĽӰ١
ȻһâһʹѪһ̽һɼǵĽ֮󣬱ѵӡʵʵĺı֮ϡ
ҹ
˫Ŀһɣݺһҧͷ֮ڵѪǿʻȥһתż򶶶һ˫۰ǿķ羢ֱʵ쫷磬ĵϵĴʯ׷׹ޱȷ羢Χһ٣ȫ
Զ^񹦣֣
ʱһâ֣꣬һսһתâƸ׶һ㣬쫷͸ֱָš
żٽĽ⣬üͷһ壬һͺȣ˫Ȼʮϻ֮УӿҪе彣Ҳû˿ĻңֻһЦ
ʮɻ籣۾Ϊǹ
ħ֣ħӡ
һƽǹأһɱޱȵƾͷ­


 
Ҫ󱲣аŶۣͬ߳ߺжȻֱĪ衣ҷңգǶҪԶ^񹦣֣
ͷȣ羪ףӿǺʮ˫ƶʱһɿ쳣ķ֮׾ֱ屦̽ˡ
һצһֻۣƱͣ˫һת׺ϲ񺿣Ѹƥƿ񱩣׾ңϣһֹǿľ˺ݺݵ׷ɡ
˽ԱĿˣҲֻ˶ѣһ䣬֮󣬳֮ƽΧ
ùֶΣ̫ţȻ鴫վֱ˫һɫ籣·һϣЦ
Ĵ֮һկկկףűʮɻ籣ڽ˿ɸֿᣬޱȣٰ仯Ķλнǿ֮һ
Ҳ˵ЩĻʷʤдģֻܿعֻ̣ҪܳΪʤߣ˭ϣûôҪ̽꣬һתֳֽһ˫˫ۣҧסš
Ĵ֮һǳһʮ·һʮʽ磬ʯ֮䣬ȡ׼̽ȡͬλнǿ֮һ
˵ô־ܣѾҵͨЭ֮£Ҹǰ϶£㲻ԴΪֻƾһ˾ɣ
Ĵ֮һ챤Ҿһʮ׳ţһޱȣħƷֽʯУǷ켫֮ǽһʱһ֡
󱲣ֳִΪԶ̫겻ɣգ̫ҲҪ˽ǡ
ĿϢʼ΢߿ոƥһ·磬ʵλ׵ĺܣ֮ǰ嶾ĪĵʱѾǿиɣǿ֮ĩ
ģ϶Ķ˵ðЦȻǿǼƹ֮һ㣬䷳ˣ״̬ȫһҪѹһҪӦ󱲣һѹأǲù
ĵУһƱɫĶһ㣬ζÿ֮ʱɶŻȥҪ֮ڣһöȾƽд󻼡
ʹˣʽҲͬ᧿ΣϬǷ¥£ҵҵѹ֮£Ѿʼܵס߽ܣԼ嶾ĸչƴϵĲ࣬ж·硣ԼǱҵļǯƣûԮĻôҹҪΪʷˡ
ѵҪң
Ŀ¶׹⣬ҧгݣмΪʣbǹ£嶾Ĵ죬ʤڵĶʼܶѾҪѹƲסˡ
ҲһĴȥֻҪͶǲΪ㣡˫ۻ˵
ԲȺ󱲱ϥҪɱңڴˣǸ𣡡̧ͷͦأͦ׳˶ֱ𣬻˲һӢ֮
ʶ̧٣ȥɣüͷһ壬ɱⱩӿеı˲䶶㽣âֱ
ڴʱһŭѿһŭϬգʶջбͬʱͷԶգ֮͸¶һļɵУΨ˷Ī
ϵܣεǺЦ˵
ﲻ֪Ĺ֣ǺôĹȻҰҫĽ磬עǹѱ
׹쳹أòϢǹ֮еŭ⣬֮Ҫվߡ
ʱϬճ˼䲻һĻ֮£覵ƶ䣬Ȼʼɰת죬ĳֳһƬ֮ɫְֵܳĻƣȻʼϵ˵ͷ֮ϣ䷶Χŵĺ˽ʮľ롣

ܰǺѪеĲƵıʼͣĶ֮Уһ˿ľȡϲԼһ˿޵Ľ֮顣
󱲸ˣǾͶһᣬѾ޷ش˷棬ǣҽվ𣬴˷ҵĽֵ죡
ʲô
ŵЦݣͬʱһĪļ¸С
еĻƿʼԽǵŭʧ֮󣬻ƿʼڷ¥ҵͷзɿۣ۳һӰ״֮ʱֹֻеİʧ١
۳͵Ӱ׹ֱ£֮ǣһɱѵĻ𾢣ĳڵ֮ϣʱɳʯ񱩵˽ҵ˲׷ʮ֮ࡣ
ҵи֣һĻ˵һĿɿڴľԼϬĿġ
һüĿ꣬԰֮ȫ˫Ŀһһ˫ͫΪ񿡣۰״Ļ֮ͣɢ˫ͬһ㣬ˡ
һһЦȻһ棬𣬻ӿ緢ܷϮȥҵĵˣһ֮ܿڣ׷ױɡ
գϬڣ֮ˣͳͳҪ


 ݿ̫
ľ޵ǳ˶Ϊ֮һһҵľ֣Ʋ񣬸æ񣬹ǳԲѣƾһˣкΪҸڼΪԼһаٲɣʶٹͶھնɱ㣡

üͷһ壬ȳһ˫ͫʱ貵ĳ⣬ֻһչ£ֻգ֮䣬˱㻯ΪһŭĻϯֱںǳ֮ˡ
۵Ļ֮ڣУǰ˶ֳһֲ԰׻̬ʮ˵Ļ̬ҡ
޴Ļʯ֮䣬Ժǳ֮˵ǰһţҧסһ˦ͷ׷ɿȥѱ׺ƥĻ𾢣ճɽ̿
Ťתһǰ֮ƣҵ䣬һܵȥ·֮ǿɽ鱩ƥ
ʱµΧϬļ徫֣ƲʶǻܶȥҪֵݺݻҵ
ֻǣе߹ԼͣΧϣһأֱײǿĻ𾢣һ㽫˺ɣ˵ؿڴһĻӡò㤣˰֮һŤսĶܡ
ǰצĻŭͱŵò֪룬Ѿ֪ôȥˣǴʧɫݣĿŻצԼץסؿ˲һʹһĿĵĻӡڷظ֮ϣСһţһѪ˱ɳʮԶǺǳ֮˵ĺ󳾡
ҲһĻݺݵľһ£ֻһϢ֮䣬ˣľͷûͣЪֱ¥¥ȥ¥֮󣬻ɢȥΡ
ǾӸµ񣬻߸ϵľԼĳһ㣬֮ǿܳңڳԼ嶾̵ĸ֣üΪѹ֡
ҫСѻǼʱ갡ңδأ뿴ǰ꣬΢΢һЦظĺһ
ǳƻֳŭһǳ֮ʥ֣һʥڴ֣ƾƾѹס˷¥ˣ޵һľ֣Ǵһ·϶İҫ
ǰܰһнǣ
ҫȭһָһһâڣϵı֮ɫۿɼٶȽˡ
þֻһƻâѣȻȫĶأ߰˳ɣһ²ҫȻǿ˹
һ㵣԰ҫȻ𾴣ʵǲ죬ҫһսʱȫԿʱİҫԸϲϴʱ˿̵ʮ֮һ
оգһ·ͣĸ·ֻʣɵû뵽˾ͽĵҩЧȻ֮ͽһָ״̬治֮һȻ˵أ
ҫипǸһ·߲ݣԲȣżĸϵ˷Ϭʮ·̣ķ˰ҫƣ۲
һϬ㿴һصʬҫкϬˮȵĵزҸ᧿ΣѪɺӵľ󣬰ҫͻȻԼǰ˾ͽһ仰
ҫС磬ƵöҫĴ֮ʱͳһţܹõŶ
ǣҫҩƿһĺɫ裬Ҳ˾ͽ˵ľҫһŷ£֮䣬ҫӣڵ˲ָԲ״̬صʢʱڡ
Ҳ浤ҩİ£ҫһлɽһлޱߣش֣ҵ֧Դݿ֮ƣҵء
ԭһƬõҵǣڱҫܾ֣ɱ֮󣬿νǱɽҵɱͨһֱ֣ɱĸ֧ԮԮһ޵
Ҳ֤ˣҫȫӵƾһ֮ƿȫֵı¡˾˵ս֮£嶾̵ĸ࣬ϣȴֲϰҫһˡ
Թ˰ӢۣܰеİҫһӢۣУҫǿҹǳʶĿҫޱȡ
ҫɨһܣʱڷ¥ļҵĸ֣ʮ֮ʥ֮һʥڵĴ嶾Ī硣
ֻ˵һ飬ҪôҪôҫ·𺮶һ㣬ڳĲ˴һ
ڵ˻ǹģССһɼͿʼ۸ڶˣǲ֪ν̽㣬ʲôǫ
ĪȻϣǰҫոչֵʵȷʵǿޱȣһ֮ŵԼⷽû˸ҶԼڲѹƼҪһ˾ˡ
Īһߣݵ˫Ʊһɼǿа֮ɫĶϵĴƮһɱŨɭ˫Ŀֱưҫ
ҫһǷ΢Ц˼ңҫϣҵ㣡
ͣܰһʱûסЦû뵽ޱȵİҫȻȤһ棬ֻܰЦϰҫĻûը˹ĪķΡ
࣬ղɱĲΪˣ
ĪŭĿԲ˫ƴŶҺۣаƾ붾ںϣɹڣɱ侪ˣɲ֮䣬ѵҫǰ
СģܰʶľгĪĹԾĵҫİΣҫҲ΢΢һ㶣Ťͷܰ˵ͷ΢Цʾ⣬ǿ貵Цݣʹܰ첻ѡ
ȻС๼ŰҫǰݣĪϼŭģϵּࡣ
ϼһǲ̫ˣдʱ°


 ಻ȹ侲
ҫһŲ˲ת޾жֻ֮գ֮䣬㽫Īƾ붾жȥΣͬʱǹǿǣĹĪʧβ˵ϢѪһ顣
ҫһЦĪȻƾ̫ͣԿֻĸݣǾ
̫ˣǶôСϹúɹǣ
ҫɭȻһЦ˫۽񱩵Ļ𾢣۳һڹĪ֮ϣĴҾյĹĪҽвͣ

ҸۡĹ㳡֮ϣȻһѪˣһŭݣŻҾţһƽϵĻҾˡ
ֻǣʱˣ˻ҾȴȥֵĽɢ󺮹ıѾʺֻһࡣ
ˣһǹȥˣҫϵܣһˣһҪҰ
Ŀĵ֮ģ޷ԸԳˣһֻƣϳƥƾıѹ䵽һ˼Ļȣֻһ˿ɽϡ
ľ֮ɫŲһԷƾˣԶǲԶҾͬʱһü뿴鷢ˡ
һֻǿƷһɾޱȵĴڣѹƣڵĶ
磬СˣȻػЪϢһᣬֻ֣Сһ㽻ϣ㴦ã
ֵܻɶֻ飬ϸݺݵᣬᵽһԵ̱꣬üЦеĴʯҲǷ
ұǣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
üͷһ壬ǰ꣬겻󣬵һոһѹеıԿǸ֣֮ǰǵһĺӦҲ
ǰ㹻˵ˣ׵ͷ˼Ѿȥһʱ䣬ҴϹķ򿴣Ƿ¥սӦѾԤˣݲȵӣǱߵľѾƣҪ޹ˣ
׵侲˼ȣԵеܻˣֻһͽĽ£ѾıĿģȴΪ·ɱĳҧ𣬶һ
ߺˣһȣеŭȼš
갺ױȭףںȵҫλ
ŶǸİҫ
΢΢һڻص֣֪ǽһȵ֣ҫ˵ͷҲôĶǰˡ
ŰҫӢһñ죬ȣǸոһ֣Կҫȷǽеſկկףˣ
ױȭһȫǰѰҫԼƽȵ̬ȣ԰ҫʵƣҫǵǹƥ˷¥ľƣô䱾ʵӦòԼ֮£ʵҲʸ̬ƽȶԻ
ʵʣκ˶Զȥʵ߾Ȼõ˵ƽȶԴ׵СĽҲŵ֮һ̫ز¶һ˵ĸˣһˡ
ҲΪ׵ݽ侲Ը񣬲ŻΪͳ˧ҲΨһƵ۵ˡ
˷ĴҵķӦ޹ذɣȰ㻹ǲҪ̯˻ˮΪãԼɱ֮ȥոյĲ֮
в˫һⱬ罣ֱưҫȥҫ֮ǰ֮٣Ѿؼŭ
ֻǣİҫտɱȣ罣ƣһҫ֮ʱ·ѩ뽾һ㣬̼䱻仯⣬԰ҫȫ첻һ˿Ӱ졣
ҫһƲʵ¿ǣǳ罣
ǣ°΢΢һ̧鼫Ϊ߰
ҫ̾ϢҡҡͷصܳΪһ֮Դȴδĺͯһ㣬˵Ц֮Ļҫʧ͸
Сӣɣ
ŭĿӣһıŭ֮ɫսƽһҪֵףֱֻȴץס޷
侲ڼŭ㣡״Ҳԣ㲻ٶ
ҫ΢΢ٴ̫үҫǽ磬ԼѶ֮Ļǰҫڽôô򵥵ĵܳףԴδʲô
ϵ˵ĺãû뵽ϵĿಢʵȻûн㣡
ʱһ˹ϢЦǰϣҫԴϬ⵹ͦģѾŭɶҪѳֽѵˡ
ߣСݵ÷һλǰȻʴʣϷ߽֮ʱ㻹δأк֮£ᣬһΪ֮ףһĻᡣ̹£˿ͷϴ¶ĲٲĴҵ£ԹˡҪӣǳ֣ϷԷ㣡
Ҿֶǰһֲľ磬纣˰㳯ҫϯȥҫҲͬһ̤ԵüΪݵ񱩵ĻŽأɢҾͥ񣬲·硣
Ǻǣһϵ϶ֻŲȽײİˣôѵˣʡﱸ°ɣĽ˵ʱ϶ʱˣ֮ǰѾһҲȱһ
ҫʼձ΢Ц˲Ŀһ㶼һ²٣ģԣ书䶷࣬ƶҪ
ģɷҲϷھͱ㣡
ҾŭĿԲ׳߸Ծ˫ƾ籼ףƷŭը׾ƥдž֮죬ֱҫ࣬Ҫҷ
ҫҪңйͷ֮ŭ
еŭѶƲס˦׵ƣбһâˮкأ಻޾·һ㣬һǰҲֱưҫȥҪʬΡ
ԭˣ׻ǹ侲ģﶼŭ
ҫ転ɱĶˣΨȴûκεľٶկկ侲˹ҫпʼ
УԽ侲ˣԽز¶ؼʱһˣ侲ˣǲҵճ
ͱ˵ǰѾǿԵҾҫһЦŤŤӣ˲ޱȡ


 һжҵĶ
Уʲô£֮£ǰٰıͷǽ̩ɽǰ𣬶Դκ鶼Աһ侲ģ˲׼ȷжϣεն񻷾֮£Ƕȫˡ
֮£ǴΰǴܣܣƷɻ˾ͽ죬ĽһĴߣ޴ȥͶ㶼֮κλ֮£Ҳȫˡ
ǵļޣɵƣļޣκμıһЦศɣʲô׶ԸǾҪǰλ˵仰ʧȥǵˣҫôΪġ
Ҿ˽ǼŭģǶеİҫôˣ׷Ҫɱ֮졣ҫ˿ᱻǵֶŵǰһһҵĹƣһ߶ޱȣӿȡ
ҫҲ˿壬΢΢һͣ˫һ죬ֲӿĻ˳ʵʣ۷幦ȫµľ˺ƽ䷲Ļһ㣬ɵС
ҫƴĿѣ׷Ϊǿʵе죬Ҿͬ𾪣ǶȫԸܵҫжǿ˵κһ˲٣ѹһͷĸо
Ȼ˱ҫʵ㣬Ǽϲòȥˣзصĵҫ˫ĿһתͱѣγһȦֱһİ֮ƣΧ֮Ļ𾢣ͭǽơ
ƣͰ
ΰ͵Ľȫռκαˣûһܹƿҫл𾢣ҾҲͬû˿ĽħжôǿɱҫĻ𾢾֮⡣
ڶ˹裬һ֮ʣҫһѸͣһŭ汬
ƣɽ
Ҿһҧתħٴκҫƾײ˺Ʊһɢܶʱɳʯ͡
ҫһתΪ׼ϣȻһӣһͱѵĳȵâ磬ݺݵն
ȻҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ罣֮Ƶ죬ؽǿޱȣֻһתâ׺ƥʵޱȣֱҫĵâԹأǿǿ
ҫҾƾԿֺãθһ㣬ûкϰ벽˫ĿһƲԼĵâȻĽâ飬ʱȤȻһߣƾһֹҾ俪Ųһһֱȥ
Ҿα֮ʱкȻޱȣԳħΪֹûӲӣɽħ־ȻһαǿȿΪ𾪡
СôôǿͲʮͷȻϷļʮΪҪǿôģ
ҾоڳˣҲͬޱȣһףһֻǾȣǾϲ
Сҫû뵽ʵȻôǿһж࣬Ҿûһ˿ķˮȫ֮¾Ȼѹƣü
Сʵ䲻֪ǣҲ̫˰ɣõһʶӢύĻҪǱ£ˣ룬ƾһ˾ʤǧҳһսʤ߹ɣ겻ѡ
ؿս֮ϣҫڣ񼫶һһâǵأɽ鱩һʰ罣罣ȫûһ˿ˮ֣֮Ĳ˼顣
ҫżһ棬̤һӣ֮һ࣬µľüȣӰֱ콣âУȫûжĴ㣬ֱӺֱײ
â֮Уҫһᣬٿռת˫ȻӶâγ֮ƣһתƳ˷𣬵ƥĽâжܼᱻķֵ飬԰ҫ첻һ˿һ˺
˫ͣ
üͷԼĽڰҫĵâǰϣ޷˺âϵı䵶âն飬ֹһ°ҫͷƵһˣ󲻶ϷתâȻҪҫ־ս
׳գҴ־ս㣡
ҫЦͣǽԣսҹʵκӰ죬οǻɱ絤ǿģ־սذɡ
ҫԸ̫õľΪ߻ĸִڣ־սȻ壬Ǵ̫ãҲҾץס͵ϮҫӲ¶
罣ޣҫվͰɷϽزأȫ޸ַ緶
ҫһȣһ٣˫Ĵʯȳӣ˫ΪģһƲɢޱȡ
ҫһ˫ݺύâ·ת񱩵ĵнâ飬˫һâɢһǳ̫ͼɣʱ֣֮˵ͻȻһ٣˱ǹǿɶ𣬱ҫȥ
Ųƣ
ξʧòǱһԳΪ͵ĻҾĿ¶׹⣬ֱĿŰҫıţ˫ɢŵĺ⣬ڵڷĵƺڵȴһᣬ԰ҫչɱ
ʱڵϢһ³͵ĿȳһѪ鿪ʼȻֻظȫʢʱڵʵڵĶѾ֮ǰǿѪȫȳת״̬ϲ١
٣̫
һ˵ͷԼ߽ܵˡͬʱ˷ϵĳһϡϡĽŲϼĳԼǣڲϵĸ
߽Եһϵϻһߣ嶾Ī硣
λ˳ƶһ֮ޱȣ϶٣һ۲Ʋظֳĵӡһͨ͸Ѫұۼʿ֮һƤⷭѪͣ쿴۹ǣʵҲ̶á
ޱȵ̬ԿλҲǰҫбе϶֮ǰҫĽ֣ǳ׵ףһͿء


 ƷϽƣ
ҫɵģ
΢΢üĪ⸱ҲһˬҪһҲڱұȵվϬҲᱻƣԼҲжҼѹŴ޲ɱ֮졣
ǵģҫĪжӲҰܵ˵ͷصǿҫ񣬾Ȼһ˿ηĸо
ǽ˰ӽǶӦǻƣٴұֱӹι˿ںն֮һѪ⣬ðԵһҲǰҫɵģĪſſֱۿ˿ǲʵ
ɵͷ̾Ϣһص̫үҫʵɲ⣬ʽȴǷ켫ǾޱȣϷҪ磬̫үµԵȻһϰ
˼˵ͷΪ˵ȥӽԺϼˣڵˣڣҫңҫҵͬȨô
һ䣬ʱޱȣ˼ټ򵥲Ҳ˵ӽ󣬰ҫҵһȨ൱ɱȨӵܵȨϳȨ˵ʹ֮
̫үȻҫˮ֮УǣȨҲδе̫˰ɣ붪ҪĹĪ磬ȭ˵
ǰ˰֣쳣࣬ڵ壬д㣬Ըȥǣ
˼֣Ҳֻ̾Ϣһϼ뽭еһǼƶȣһ֮˵Ļ󣬾ǳ϶ûȨȥľߣֻ
䣡
һ죬أ͵һѪα˲ֹؿڰһ࣬еıΪƬǰĳӡĿġ
ʱص֮ǰһ̣ڰҫҵ£ţڰգݺҧҧԴУӭͷʹ
һᣬʮɹеıһ˵ĺ⣬ʵ޻âֻһȴƥ磬ƼΪˣâޱȣʵһѹ׾Уʮ·һ·
һâȣݾɱ񱩣ҫҪʳȥ
Ŀһŭȣâһǰ֮ƣֱҫȥ۰ҫֻǺЦϥ΢΢һ䣬һƫ˫ƻڳſ͵ǰһ壬ۣһӿĲĽâ֮ϣĽ֯ƣһϸ΢Ѻ۳ڽâ֮ϡ
ƣţ
翹Ҫ㲻òңƣһЦȳâһٶȿ࣬˲䱻ɢâѾҫһߣҪ֮ǰҫϥκһ㣬Ѿâնʬ
ߣͷ͵ΣҫԳУ˵Ҫ罣ɷϽͲòϣ
ҫһͺȣ·װ˵һ˲䵯ųɵĹ˳һƺһŭ͡
ƷϯأͷƸ룬ϵļⶼñΣȵıѻ𾢣񱩵ĻĽâȫ飬ͬʱƾȥδֱֺȥŭضһӡ
֮ʱһƴĻҾĿһһ˫ħ֣˫ͬʱƾŭףһ֮쳹֮䣬ϢҾ˺һڵҫıţգۼ
̫үԹĪĽʣô뿴ʱҫһаɣ
˫ĿһգգĽŲԶİҫҲʱעŰҫ´ʲô
һ׺ݱѵľϮҫһһɭЦݣͷһƲҾΪ䣬·ǰĻҾһһ㡣
ǱҾݺݵĴһ򶨵ĺȵͷҪװǻƣСϷһУ޿ɱܣȥɣ
ϼһСүȵľ㣬Ҫǲʰ㻹ҪһֽţҾͲˣ
ҫһЦұ΢չһšĴָָָڿۣʳָСĴָıֱڵľռľָ߲ͣ۶ȥ
һֱָָۣ˸һһ̵ĹţʳָɫָâСĴָɫָâָͣâݺύ켣òͣ׽ĻҾһۻңȫжϲȥơ
ǣָָҵϵܣѧĻ湻ӵģ΢΢һЦ񱬷һ˷ܵɫ
˷ȣҾԵе㾪ʧˣħƵͷ֮ʱ߳ɣֶսҪˮһ˿Ļңһ𣬱вУƲƣδսȰܡ
ճ˵ҾϽԲ᷸ͼĴֻǣİһӰǿ͵ϮҲֻΪڸеĵӣټϰҫЦһ£ҫָһ£ʮɹܷӳɾͲˡ
ʯ֮䣬һһȵָâ˲ı䷽ֱƿҾĻ˫䴩
ֻ֮ҫ΢ָâûɢԽٴθı䷽𣬴Ҿһ˫ǰۣ䣬ش͸䴩Ҿ˫֮󣬲ɢȥΡ
գָ֮â䣬ڳˣȴϣָâʵ̫ˣԼָâĿֳ꣬ҲüӦ˿ҲֻҾͬһ³
~~~~~~~
Ҿ˺ѷεʹħֻҪʱħ֣ѾѲħˣΪѾˡڻҾһ˫۰֮ϣʮѪһǰһ󱻹ᴩɵģ˫۵ѪҺӿƤڵľָâ˽߳ϣħֱˡ
ҫһаգ񽣣ֻǰѣļϵϵһʩչŲƵʱˣɰҲֵõģ򣬹ƾʰҾҪһֽأ
ʱһɫıѵҫͷҫ˫Ŀһ۳ɵһâӿҿ񱩣ͷĽɫײһ֮㳡
կþˣ


ڰ ǧ򻯡ʮɻز¶
׺ܺڣӶˣӦҾͬʱֲǣɾΪ̫Сˣеͷˣ侲ŵ㣬Ҳȱ㡣
侲ѶϣսֱöԼһ䲻ֹת˲ţڰҫǿʵ£ʮϢĹشǷ˻Ҿһ˫۰򣬵ع֮ʱѾ᧿Σˡ
Ȼ԰ҫʵһĹ㣬Ҳ˿Ϊʵµܻƶ˱ȼ磬ƽ־Ѿ˲ˡɾΪ֮ģ͹˰ҫʵܻƶ˵Ҿ棬Լﻢ¡
׿νһߴȫʳΪԼԴΪԼӣΪԼѶϣӦеĴۡ
ʱų֣ҲѾǱƲѣԼĶӣܻƶ˶ˣôկ꾭ӪµĽƣ˲ͻᱻҸϡãսӣͬˣҪˣôڽؤƷ
߽ʵһҪ壬аҪǸôȥôկΪĴҵĵλ˲ᱻȡԼĵ˶᲻мΪ飬կ߽⣬ҵһ
ģè룬û뵽ҫȻôǿʥ֮ΪɱʵԶԶֹڴˣ׵ܻƶˣڿʵƻҪ֮ϡˣӦúܴ󣬾ͲĻᣬݺѹס˵
תлΪ޵ʮɻ籶Ȼһ䣬һü֮£Ⱥ߳ˣ̩ɽѹ֮ƣŰҫȥ
ʮɻ籣˿
ҫı鼫Ϊ£оǰկկ֮Ҿ˻ҪѲвڶ˵ĹиǿĲ˼飬һ˿һи
Ǽµʮɻ籣ҫ˫۷תŲƵǳ̫ͼ˲֣ж֮糱ˮӿ׵ʽȫжȥ漴˫ۿ磬˫Ʒ಻ȱѣգ֮Ժƣŭμˣɽ֮ƣ׷ѹȥ
ƣޱߣ
ҪȱУǿе㺧ˣֻ˫һʮɻ籷𣬱գ۵ٶȻҪݣ̼۳ͣγһ޴ɫ籶ܣ׵ǣҫǲƺ棬·ڰ֮ܲϣȫƲ籶ܡ
ʮɻ籣ֻսܣ
üһ׻羪ףп缲磬ѲĽҫа̾׵һ£ҵġ
ײ׾ˣǰɽ¶ˮһֱֵĺƽӹֻͷԹ˶ѡ죬ȴܻƶȣҪһߣɴʱֳսǱлǹ֮ȥҪǿһﲻֹСӻͦĻģĿ罣ʶ׿ûǿ
ĲҵڶֲĿѣ׵ʵжţɴĻп׿ز¶һ£ĿҲЩز¶һؼʱͻȻԷһֲ
ֻ׵̴죬Ķôпܳ䲻⣬˴֪֪ףͻȻ֮£ܴһֲɶǰҫĻǾˣڰҫǿƵĹ£Ҳȫ³ƻܻƶһ
ͱ˵ʱ˿̣׵ֻսܣȻҫľжȥ࣬ʣɾͬǰǶϷ˲䱻ʮɿ⡣
СӺǿľԴԴһ㣬ܻƶ˴սˣȻȻûߵĻ˹Ĺܱ֡ѹŴҪ
֮԰֮˽Ĵʯȵı飬Դһ̧Ժе˼ǧޱȣ˫һţԭȵĵʱһ֮淴һСİӡ
ҫֹˮûб׵ŵͦأһеģʮԶľ룬ͦǶʥ۷˵ת˲㵽
ڶ˾벻һ֮Զʱױһ˫ȭһԣʮɻ籺һ㣬趯˲仯ͣһԼһͷƽľ޴۶׵һ̤棬һӡ̤ٴθ߸Ծеľ޴ݺݺ£Ҫҫҳһࡣ
ÿ죡ʮɻ类ǧ򻯣ҼޱȣᲢãǽеűУ
ҫֶһֵȣϻ籾޴ĵӰ֣ǿ񱩵ѹڻ׹ֱ£һԲһߣ˵޴ˣǹɿֲѹܽѹĵز
𿴰ҫȫΪʵȻǷڱ֣ʳָСĴָһһ̵Ĺâƴ
ھ޴ҫͷһ֮ʱָâƿգȴӦ任켣֮ƹеľ޴ֱ˫ĿҪǱУ׵³Ͳö˵ʲôˣǱͷ
ܳΪկһկ֮Ĵҵļ֮һĿɲȹϵǹ˵ʵ˵ͷԣʵǰͷں
ָâޱȣ֮ǰڷϵҾ˫۵ʱױעȻźܴĲ𣬵Ѳס
ֻ˫Ȼأ޴кһתɣǿƴִ˫ȴΪɣһ֮£޴·һתָâ飬漴˫һգٴκ䡣
зٴιȻ죬һͣ٣ССһͣ٣ڰҫ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ŷѹµľ޴ҫʳָıֱݺһƽĴ棬޴Ȼʵô˵Ҳɻ籽֯ɣҫǿָâУһۡ
ҫһٴ֣ȭ׼۾ǿ񱩵һȭȥȭ񱩴һ˿𾢣֮ȭΪƣٴһĴ档
ҫѵ棬ʵƵ㣬ʵһǳɣѹһƵķΧ֮ڣʮɻ籱仯ɵľ޴΢ɶڣ˲䱬޴ʱɢ»Ϊ籡
ڻ𾢵ı֮£һ٣֮䱻ҫץסյҫβָâٴ׵˫䴩ͬʱܣ䣬һ׵âݺݵͷ­
նկӦ֪һǾǣܾ͵


ھ ûʸɱң
ʱѽʱ֣ҫâ£Ե쳣ĳѤ֮ϵѷɫҵĵâ׵ĶͷԲߵľ룬ֻҪҫ΢΢Ĺֱһ붼пܣֻһҫȥ
һֻץס˰ҫһ޷£ҫǾ棬ŤͷһЦӳС
磿ҫüͷ΢΢һ壬ѯʵ
ϵܣȱɱǺصԭĿ͵һ˫Ŀ˼ĿзŭҲʡ
˻棬ҫ˵ͷҲ΢Цɿ֣ŭɶ˫۵ͭ壬ټΪŤԼڱ裬˲ɼĸое⡣
ʲô˼ײаҫǼˣ޻˵ڰҫУҲӦկԹ޻ڣҪңô
һ۵Ѫ˿˫Ŀ׹磬һҧгݵģ޲Ҫ̻һ㡣ҲŭЦҲһúԹڣ˰Ҫöˣ۵˲࣬һ
ڿôܿܣ˾ˣûʲôñԹģ𣬾Բ˿ֻҰڣûʸɱң
󵨣ͷ޷죬ٹ£䣡ʱ˿̣Ļ˵ķݣǺòҪ
ףıǮˣʲôʸʴʣٲϷ
ףͬҷңٴΪɽǿӲܣ֪ܣȡͷ׳֮
ֳҵĸֳϾԽԽ࣬Ϭľȣҵڰҫϵֶ֮λʣĸѾûж٣ӦѾ˳Ϭ
Щϼˣһ׵Ŀ֮ʱͷգ׷׳ֺǳ⣬üŭĿӣ׷Ҫɱ֮졣
ұ죡
ĿһɣԴֱŭֳԭҵĺǳʱʧѻȸ죬һжһ˵㣬һ仰û˸ٳˡ
㵹ҵȤˣã˵˵Ϊʲôûʸɱ㣿ûʸ˭ʸ񣿡
ߣ⻹ö˵ʲôôҪǰҫ룬ѾҷˣֻаҫʸɱңǶ䣡Уף
һҵΪмҫ񣬷һֿǿߵľη֮С
˵úã˷Ҵ٣ȷǿϵȣҲǰڰҫϣɱȨӦУҲͷһЦ׵ĻҲǷǳͬ
Ȼկ˵ףҫȻկģֻڰҫУû˿Բ֣ҫֶ³ŵ
ڰҫϣײԹְɣ

ױĿ֮ʱٴγֹ׼ŭ˼뿪ȴǰʵףû˼ֻи⣬Ҫ֮ǰشҡ
̾Ϣһ˵ͷص֮ˣʲôߣʰɣ
Һ֪ĴңֶϱȻ˴˻ҧңҲ֦ͬȫҰɣϼ壬ƺҲûʲôֱӵͻɣ˵ʵڵģҶⳡ̴еĪ
˵ԼеʣҲǳ˼Ƭ̣ڵϼǵȷûֱӵͻȻ̫ҰĲСλ񣬼Ĵ֣ϼİͼĴġ²ؼ߸߹ԭսûյҵķΧ֮ڣҲȺ֮
ŶǴ˷ϣ嶾̵ˣһ·ʧĴҵĸطϬԱû¸𣡡üͷһȫ²Լսɡ
ΪƥﻳĻص
ʲô˼˫Ŀ΢У׵һ仰˲ʶʲô
֮ǰһˣҴһϢ˵ұڣ汦ֵκΪ֮ɱɱҲҪõĳ̶ȣҲ汦ֵԲŻᱧعһңһж̰ҡͷ֮һ˿ĺ֮⡣
ǸǲǸ˵ұ޼ɵ쾧ʯ
˫Ŀһ󾫹ⱬ䣬ֱףҲͬûʾ쳣ɻȥԼҲˣҲӲˣҲ˶ˣһ㣬֮ǰơ
ԭڴ
һɱŨҷǳûκˣڷŭѡ
磬˲ǵǸ˰ɣҫͻȻüͷ΢壬ֱֱע
黹˭ȻܲϣĲ䱾컹治δѰټȻ޼Ѱ˼һ㡣ݺݵҧҧѽΪġ
ôеĹ飬կеˣпͬһˣҲпܾҫһ˵Żһֱָ̧ۣԶĸۡݶ֮ϡ
ͬʱͷȫ½Աɫ񸲸ǵվƬ֮ϣǴĶñڸǣⷴ䣬ڳ˶嶵ñеò
һֳֳһɵķ֮һֻȴԼͬǿңƲŭһ㣬Ѷ׺
ʱһұػϣ˲ΡΡĴӸۡ߳
죬䱸ֱ⣡


ʮ ô
£
ǣ
ŭĿӣһ£ڳҸ֣Ϊףֱݶϵˡ
Ⱥ֮ǰûһ˿Ļ֮УֻɢŭƵĺһһ̤Ƭ׾˲䱬֮ĵ绡ƶһܳ߳ɵҸ֣ٿջ䡣
ֻһ̤֮ѣǿ׺׾ڶֵҲֻܹ
Ŷ
ҫüһҵĳϸ֣ж˵绡˵ֻǣҫеһ˿ǣ֮оȻһٻӰĴڣ˱ܰ
׾Ͽ˵ĹӦò磨֮£ʥµĸּӦø£ȻҲݹһ˲űأ
ҫжܰĹǾȣܰҲ˸ɣߵ̯ѹʣ׾绡ԼĹ뾳絹ҲǿԳܡ
ϾŮӽ˵ǲ˵ģܰвڰҫǰֳһΪΨΨŵŵСŮ̬˵ȫܰеǹӢԼǵǰչֵ̫ܡ
֮һ˺ǰһ˳ƺŭ׳纣˰ޱȣſһžޣ绡׷ɣһ׺˹Ҫ˵
ۺƺûаֱ̧߲ͣ׾ģѸײڶ֮ƣʮ֮࣬׾ƣ֯һ̬ѹֱӽɢ͵һѪظ³ֳӡٿձˡ
ʣҲͨͨˣֱʽϣ׾΢֮ʱűܰνŭնŽ˵һһΪƿ
ʦ֣
ս˵ͳɤ˷ֲŮϸֿԿӦһŮӲŶԣԵһˣҪС֣Ҳǵ˵ͷٳ֡
ҽǰʹǲ֪ν
˳ʣ˵ĽâŭμƷâ¶ϲ·ûһΣܰѹȥ
ͬý֮ˣܰȻܹе׺һҧ˽е߳һ߽磬һâɢһʮдһֿµȥƣ˵Ľж̱ӡ
Ľʮ¥ոգ
ܰĽǵֵľ֮һи⣬̲֮ϣʱɱ֣ɶ䲻
ֻǣʹܰѧĽѵһ֮أ޷˵ĽƥУգ֮䣬ʮâ׷ױϡ飬ֻܱȥ
ܰһأֻѪڲϢҲǼΪʣʽԼĽԲˣκιԷһ֮²Ұܻˡ
ߣ
һʣҲ׷˾ôֵվԭûκξٶƺڵȴʲôչֳľʵڳҲֻҫ俹һ
ۻôĽɣѵƮƮ
ҫ˫ĿĽս˲ţָоҲͬڶݺݵĶԼӺʩչĽҫϤĽɡ
ֻǣҲҿ϶Ǻ˾ƮƮϾвһֻƮƮŻʹ׽ƮƮĻôߵˣȻˡ
ԣͬҲ׾ʩչȻߵľǿϰٱ˭ֹ涨ֻҫһ˲ſأ
ȲǷ뵱͵޼ɵйϵϾ̫ɽһ֮Ѿȥ£ʲôĻԵ¹˭Ҳ˵׼
ҫдĦʱõóֵĸ֣ѱ˾ˣʣһЩ֣ҲڷϬĸʱǸϲˡҲֻܸżԼʵҲͻָɣҪ¶˸ܡ
ҫʱ״̬Ҳò˶٣ѣ֮ǰսΪ쳣ҫûе֮ûǷȡռΪ
ҫͻȻһȡһöҫݸ˵磬´˵˲֮Чģ
Ҳ룬һ£ɲǼڵܵʲô̼һ㣬תָٶȿզ࣬·һþȫΪԼඥѣһԻָųࡣ
õҩ˵ȻЧգָ֮ҵһϵһµ֮УСľϲ֮飬ԱҫЧ𾪡
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˵˵֮һ֣֮ȻЧǷκи룬ʮĸʱֻܷ֮һöϬ֮ʱѾùˣǲٷˣԴ˷ֻܿǶˡ
޷ϸ繦ԸȻϵ֣㰲ĵϢɣҷһҪʬΣйͷ֮ޡ
Ŀ¶׹⣬ҧгݣŭ˼ﲻҪҫǰǰ˼룬ǵȡ޼ɵ֮ˣʹҲѲ˸ϵ
Ҳٶĵȡҵıҵéˣ߾ߣȫϼ壬̫ţôܽŭ
Ļոճ֮ʱݶϵһ˳֣ǵͳɳƵʯͷĦһ㣬Ϊܡ
ˣˣ˹ıȭһ񣬿˵
ʩչ׾غˣñ֮б⡣
ܺãôһƻɣ


ʮһ ɱ
յҿһۣ·תݴϷһ㣬棬ҹƷϬΣڵϦаҫǿƽʱ򣬾ȻغˣҵԤϣⲻɲ⡣
ҫϥʼ˹ϢΧﲻܲˣʱ˿̽ʣĳɹﲻʲôæɴȫԼĻָʵӦʱпܷ⣬һ޵ļ¸
ǵҫʼȥܵʱһֺܾǰͳֹ
ʱһϣ㿪ʼӶݣֻܲӵˣҪѼŭĵķ̫һء
ҵֱ̫ҪǲЩң̫գ
Ŀ絶ףμܶ𣬺ͻբǰ֮죬Ƽƿգգ۱
ȴԵ쳣ĴݣΪ׵ĺֻЦһ̧˸ָҸۡΧһƬ֮Уһֳֳĺӣɿ˹ҡ
ݣ
һǿƷƸһ㣬ĶС
ͬ
࣬һ֣ǹƥľ磬ʶƫԴ̧һӣһöץУöʸĳ棬ʹ״̬ʮƫΡ
һϣ֮£ֻػص棬һ飬ʧӰ٣ûըķΣͬʱҲΪ֮ǰһе𾪡
ǿһλӦǸۡƬļʸʮ֮Զ־£ֺܷĴҵȥƣǿ˵ļǺ˵ãã
һæͷĵ»ǷˣȻصļ֣Զǧ׷׼ǿֲޱȣôȫԾѻڳκˡ
ݣ
һƷֻһƷȴöʸҲ˵Ǹصļ֣ļ뷢ͬʱƷһȥͺԷֻһѡ
һö͸Ҿͷ­ǰʸ͸֮󣬻εĶ˵棬ͣҾֻǿ֪ԼôģֻǺһѣǰͱһƬڰˡ
һöʸ˸ոҪߵǿļһֱ̣ӴˣεĶ˸ۡһʯ֮ϡ
һ˫򼸺ҪɳеѪĭǲͣķӿദһֱͣļʸԼʱеţԼôϡͿˣ֪ô£֪˭ɵģԴһᣬһغ
öʸͬд֮Ѹײڶ֮֮ƣ㳡ϵˣһףһǰҫ
Сģ
ʮɹʩչ£ֻٿ죬ȴǿ첻öʸ˫Ŀķ£ױһֱӱʸǹ׺ľһԴУһ죬ȥ˻Ȫ·
׵ȫûзϣ֮㷢ƵǰȥҲȫصļ֣ǷٴξѻΪǸ˷ңԼĺֵܣҫ
ʸףƼ磬ǰҫȴʸҪ죬ֻ˫Ŀһͫ˵ĺ⣬һӱ㽫ʸεĻУʸԾ
ʵڰҫ˳ʱԼоͳһ޵ļ¸У֮⵽ʲô˵Ŀӣкǲ
˹Ϣ֮ʱһ־Υ˵ĸоٴγָ֣оûһǿĹʱͳֹһΣʱĶֱڤҶĵ׵ܣҶ
ֻʱ˿̵ָоǿ˲֪ٱҸʵı仯뵱ȣͺһ㣬ø
ҫ˫ĿȫɣһϾž޲ڰҫԺУ㳡ͺˮһ㣬˵һһˮϣһɼĲƣʱǲƸһȦһȦϵɢԽ󣬲Խࡣ
ɲ㲨ƺ󣬲һգ۵Ĺ򣬰ҫһƷԺеˮڱԵһпڣƲƥһ㣬ֱֱĳ
ûĸоֻ漴ĲľһֻڴʱԺеˮٴγĵпڣһĿԼ
ҲΪʲôҫܹδ֪ǧһ֮ʣסһûˮĸоҫ˷Դӡ
ܣ
ĺӣ˫Ŀ΢Укܲ죬԰ҫľ֮࣬һһöʸС
£һޱȣϵļʸɢһɼٷһҫб£ԼĳԶ̾ɱǸոսԼһֻѡ
ӽҪ֮ʱһֻưסļһͳĻﴫĶУˣȥɣҪĿ꣬ҫֻǴҪģ
һ۵ĳӣֹԼٴξɱŤͷ˿ĳӣֿ˿Զİҫ˵ͷһԵ뿪ˡ
ҫʦܣʦûʱ㽻ˣ´ʦҪúõĿһĹϣ㲻Ҫʧӣ΢΢һЦñǺãͬһ뿪
ʱҫڳĻӦû˵һ䣺ʦ֣񣡡

ϵܣû°ɣ
û£һôֶˣ
û¾ͺãû¾ͺãˣǲѧʲôδ֪
ֹô
ôδ֪ѼʸµģֳԶľɱΪֲҲоԷĴڣȫ޼Ѱоɱһ֪Լôģôֵģǧۣ˳죡׾̽ϸ磡
磬ҪⱾ£ȥǰзץˣô¶֪վﲻ֪룿
ôģ
ƾо
о
ţĵʱһֱȽĸоΧһжӲҵĸй٣
ָоԴڸϸô
磡ϺͿˣ

Ҹۡǧ׵Ʋ֮Уһ̤ն°ͣԴ־Сҫһ⣬Ҹı絤ɹ˱ͫȻһ֣ոҶˡзѪ֢дǰĸССĶӰɣ
һ˼޹Ҳȥ룬һ˫ɣƱʯһ˫΢΢һƲҸۡԵ֣һ仰ɢΡ
һͬʣҸˣܷܲӳЧãҪԼ컯ˣ


ʮ ¼ǣ
עPS췲׽үӹ٣Էóɱֱ12㡢14㡢16㡢18㡢20㡣һαλְ֧ƱƱûƱʲôƿƣ
¼ǣŰپʮĴʽѣжϱ֣Ϭϼս
ϼȫȻ֣μ̫ս飬ƽһ֮κԮһ֮ڴǴսһ
˫ս࣬˴ƽɫϼչֳױȵľʵҶܣϼӦսǴӣʵ
ϼμ̫ҲͬչֳޱȾ˵սս֣ǲ䱾ʵѹλһͷ˷һս̫űܹ㴫
˸еǣԭƽϼ廹΢ռϷս£ͻȻ·ת置嶾̵ļ룬֮ڣսݣֱ
ŰپʮѮկկկס챤Ҿǳλ£ۼҾӣ嶾̽Ī磬Լ嶾ڶ֣ϼӪϬ
һ춯صĲɱ£ϼȫ֮ƴֿսһһҹȴ޷ؾƣ˲أ̫⵽סҾĪ˵ĺΧԭ𽥲ˡ
ϼľ᧿ΣۿžҪ֮ʱԭʵͻ󣬻Ƹɷ棬֮һ꽵ʩչֶͨΣƾԼһ֮ˮ֮У˱һİҫ
ҫԳƵǽϣ֮Ϊ͵ľ콾֮һһ̤Ϭս֮ϣչֳ侪˵ս
ƾһ֮ڶ̶һ֮ڣʮʥ֣ʥ֣˵ӡ嶾Ī磬ʥڵĴ֣ڰҫҲ߲Уȥһ۰򣬲Ұܵ
֮ҫȥϼڷϬĸۡ·̫һսҼսʮغϣȥҾ˫ۣ˱ǳկկףʥڵĴ֣ϼûп֮սޱȣһǿʵλнǿֵʸ
Ⱥ׵£ҵνǱɽ׷ױϬϼѣһĹȻҪڰҫһˡ
Ƹ񷣬콵֮һұӢ
ҫ̫죬ҰѯޣֻаҫڱһЩѶϢ׼ҰʧҳذڴλͱֿǸ⡣
ȻֻǸȫģΪλ͵ĺģҰڽһȫѰйذҫȫѶϢ
ҫѧڹķѧʽ֮أѣʦкţԼһЩϸĽ¼ҰȫѰĿ꣬µİһڵķ¼ǽм¼λͶעذڴл
ɱ
ҫһһָ鼮ڽζĿţʹһɱҲ˿ûз鼮Ĵ㡣
ҫҷǱ飡
֮ɢһ˿ΪŨɱеĲ豭ͱ飬ˮһأ׺ݵĿֱĶŰҫţ֪˻Ϊҫʲôء
ʱѾǸոҹĴսѾȥ˽ʱҫʱſûҫһ̸̻֮˹ȥҲ֪Ǿսƣоĺ֢
λֱظҸҸ裬׷˳ϼΧһսҿ˵Ԫˣּȫ˶أ˽Ƕ޷ʧİٷ֮һ
Ҫǲˣ֮λ㹻Һóһʱ䣬οǻҪ᲻룬˵ΣϺһˡ
һս˵ǳɾˣһȻϸ˵һǰҫˣ¶ӰҫΪмӣ֮ǴοҫҵҫȻᱻҷΪϱ
ңǸҫҿͬȨλҫ֮ʱϯϼĽҵİҫȻ׵壬⵽ҾƱϵΧˣȻҫҲˣȻ߲ܡ
ܰʱԷеľηĽ֮飬ҫҲǾ۵ףֻǣҫȻҲϡ
ϯ֮ҫ鷿˹߾ʹȹǧ򱭣ȴҲɱѵ״̬ҫԭǴѯ٣ڰҫ֮ʱĽԴŸҫ˵֮Ϭݷ
ʱ䣬ҫֻ˼ѣҲǰҫڵ֪ΧϬ𼱻ǲ߲ݲԲȵһʱϵԭ֮һ
ֻǣս鷿ƨɶûȣһн¼ǵ鼮ⲻҪһҫ˽ȥ
ݾȻǰҷľˣԼΧϼһйȻ࣬˿˿ۣľ֣ΪϸԼôģ˶ˣм¼
ͺһˣվֳ߿߼¼һ㡣ܣаɣ
磬⽭¼¼飬ǰģоȻרų󣬻гذǸʲôĴڰ
ҫ鼮Լ˵Ŀ飬һҲʣֻǺ֮󣬾ϲʣŪͷϵֿʼе͹
һ豭ٴεһڣƽһ˵㲻ùôֻ࣬Ҫ֪͸ǵһ²ɣһȺרռµɣռ֮ͨ鼮д˵нųɵˣ£Ƕ¼ڰͨ鼮뽭֮С
ڳذһǮĲԶѣȻʵƽƽ׬Ǯı¿ǲСͨռѶϢ屾һһÿ³鼮һһգսݶΪĲƸ˵һĴڣʹһ¼Ҷ
屾飬ֱǼ¼˽ÿĴ¼¼ǡ¼˽ǿ֮ƽʵ¼ǡ¼ֲ¾ĸ»¼ǡ¼˽汦ԣ¼ǡԼб׵֮صڲṹΣճ̶ȵķ¼ǣ
һѣ˵ҫȫûһ˿©쳣ϸҫҲǾ۾ţ˵һ֮ʱҫѾżСԲͣ˵ˡ


ʮ ޱ㺣һɱfirst blood
~~~~~
ҫʵ޻˵ֻܷôһҫã߽屾͹ˣ˸űһ㣬ҲñЦ֪ˡ
ˣҽɲΪ˸˵Щĵµģ֮Ը㿴Ȿ飬֪СӴӽ󣬿ɲǼ֮ˣ˵˴ԺҪͷռĹأһĨЦֱĿŰҫ
ȡЦСˣ̫ţʵСᲢ۵˵ģҫ΢΢һЦǫ
Ǻǣˣ˵ǰɣ벻֪С˵䰡
ҫһ죬ɦɦףεĿһʵȡЦˣСѾͷ֮ǰǿ϶ģҲ뿪ûðɣ
аˣ

ҫͻȻе죬ĽԼŵʱԼӦøոպÿԸϵڷϬͷǵԼϵʱԭĻ룬ȴ˷ʵ
ҫ뵽ս֮һ׼սѩѱҪô뿪ˣҪôǱתƵȥˡ
ѩѱʵȻӹɣһǿףĪİַ㹻ҵһˣοҫɲţĽݷ򸾻һ߽Ȼиġ
ѩѱĴҵսµĻôΪҲң˴ʵ̫ˣѩѱֻҪκ˫񵱳Ըּǰ㣬аɱĻһ˵
ǣ˽ôͺܺõ֤ˣѩѱûвִ£ԼԼ˵ԸҲѩѱ˲֣ôҲֻ뿪תƵĿˡ
ֻǣҫû׼ǣȻأϼ壬뿪ˣðҫеˣΪӴϵʱ˵Կѽ
ʲôĽݲҵϢһµʱ䣬СѾͷŻᵽһΪ˶һ£ʱϲ԰
ҫ΢죬ʵԭΪ˾ӦҲ̫ãԼĽֻҪȷ˷ò˶þ׷ϡ
㲻֪ѩѱȦһַޣѩХӥǧ룬ôѩѱҪɶãСһ裬Ц
ðɣδĸǹģҫ̾ϢԺȫĳĽݷڸҫʱǸЦ顣
ˣһȫҵģСҴ˵ֻҪ㵽˾ͲҪ̫ãǰ֮أޱ֣ϣֻŶ
֪ҫеˣǰҫҲûзϣԼ޸ĸʵοԼҲˣ˵ȻûŵģҫҲûȥ
ȥһ䡰֮أޱ֣˵ˣͷ֪ʲôõط
磬Сδѧǳĺܣޱʲôط֮صĳƺӦòʲôõطҫжİΣǵǣͬҲףȥ׵յظ
ûȷʲôõط֮Ҳʵ飬ûʥϵΪȥǱɣʥҲֻԱѣһͬҲȥ޻أһЩ㣬ɣֻ£ǿɱ֮أޱˣ֪⴦׵أԼȥɣ
˵ƽԵòɣޱȡ֮˦һķ¼Ǹҫס鼮֮󣬰ҫ͵͵ƲһǸȻı飬ɣȫԿޱ֮УһŲĥļ䡣
ô̰ɣϸ磬һ
ҫȭ˵ʵڵٶһˣİյأļ٣ʲô֮أɽ𺣶ȥ
ʲôôû׼ȥ֪ôģȥޱҪڶҲţѾȥ׼ˣͶһ綯ɣҡҡͷ˵ж͹һ䣬ֶôǰѺ֣ͳɰ׳ˣ
ҫҲΪԼͻȻ嶯е˼ɦɦͷ·ʲôʵˣ磬غˣֵ˰ɣ
еģ˾ͲܴˣΪ㲻أû飬б£쾧ʯˣҧгݵ֮гŭ
ҫԼĻɸֻҲÿڣһǲȷֻǻɶѣ֤ȷ仹ԶĺܣڶϾͬһţƮƮԼܲԼҲܲмǵΪˣǱϾʦֵܵĳƺڣҲԼҵʦΨһˣе㲻ᡣ
ˣͲùˣ㶼һˣҪµĻȥ˼һ˵˵ģ˺Լˣ´ᴦõģһ˵ֻﻰ˵ȫۡ
ģƨȫҵĸ˶Թˣֵɽ󣬶˸ãֻܿãֱ߸һʵʣǼӿߵϼһȥȥɣߣ
˰֣˵ȥϢɣС˺ʲôѣߵʱܼޱҲͬ׵յأҪֵ׼ǣȥúϢɣ
ҫǵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôȭ뿪ڰҫ뿪ûúһ˫ĿһƲˣߺԶˣСѾͷɣôŲ𣡡
䣬һٻӰ룬ܰ
磬ҲҪȥܰһ鷿̿˵
ֵ֣ط֪жҪǰҫұȼʵҶҪֹˣҲͽֻԱѡȥ΢ĩ죬һܸʲôʱֻܺ˺Ҳ׼İɣüͷһ壬ǳ
ܰãڸĸܰ˵ǱһִģԸȻ񣬱˵϶˵£ʮͷţ
ҲܣҾҪȥ磬һְҴҲӦ֪ҵƢԣҾͳϺˣҶҫһ˿㺣һֱ֪νҲҪֻ֣ҪܰҾ͹ˡ磬Ұƽ°ɣ
ܰ˵꣬Ҳ˵ʲôֱӷʧֻĿɿڴԼı־ˣԸһЩжҪ뺷
ҫģС㣬ȻôѸã㹴ġܰҲǣôӢۺܣ콾Ŷۣƫƫжӣ鷳ôҫ˵ء
У
ɣо񹦻壬÷纮ѵңҫһ磬˴ӷŰۣѰ˼š
ʱҫûлصԼԷһ˵Ĵ£ҵһľҲ㳹ҹߣץܰѾ񽣵ĵ


ʮ Ҫһȥɱdouble kill
񽣣еĵڶһ㱩ָָâɽԶ˵У켣ǧ׽ҲɽѨƵѨ
Դܣ˴͸ЧƥԵƣ»ĿǣԶɽӰҫָֻâ׾ٵķϵҾ˫ۿԿɱǿֲˡ
񽣹˼壬оŽֱ֣֮ΪָĴָʳָ彣ָ̽βָ󽣡ָĴָʳָٳ彣ָ̽βָ󽣡ԼǿһĴָۺϣ˫ϲգ
ķѣ׶޷ҲǽеľΪֱ϶Ӧָйٱɣ֮ƣŲ֮лҪ򵥡
ֻǾǼ򵥣ǣȷʵޱȣǾҪĹƶָâҪֽâɢ켣ԶҪ񾫴ȥƶ
ȴĳâһɢʹ˽âҲǺҪ˵Ҫҫľ񹦣ĵزгɣǿһ˫赣Ҫھľ
ȻҲ£ҫֶÿһĹڷ£Ȼޱȣ֮ﵽ˰ľ͹׼
𸮵ʱ򣬰ҫ絤֮۷壬벽Ļ񾫴£ԺоȻиֳ˾񽣵ǰķھԼеľ·ߡ
ҫǳԾСвãԺȻõ̬ҫ㽫ǰɹֱǴ彣ҲΪָâܸڵľӥͼս˸ƽ־档
ӥǺˣ𸮾ű죬һޱȣצ׺磬羪ףҪĻ󣬿쵽԰ҫĿѸϣҶģҫƶҪȶͼ֡
ֺ٣ʵѾ൱ˣ˼֣־ĺ蹵һͻ׷ϣ׷Ͼֻܱ򣬾ĿϣҲӦ巴ӦĹٶҲϰ
ǣʱ쵽ҫûа취ľӥȴָâ֮£ҫԼһâ쵽Լĳ̶ȣָĴâ¶͸ǼǿȻȫ˶ͼ࣬ͼƣǱѡ
ǰҫһʩչ𾪣ҲܳԾĻϲԾ⹦ױȵģȫѧᣬ֮δԿȥã·ƥС
ҫʱȫĵͶ뵽ԺеĽķھϣҪֵָ̽
ܻܾӥͼܷϵֳԷĻҾ˫ֿۣܴǿףôǿĽ˵ȻãӦԺΣĪ
̽뱬ٶȼߣɱôһԶֱ߽Ľأӱ仯ϿܼӦҪǿϲ٣ˣ˵ǿǿʹһȻз
ҫջ˼˫Ŀľˮڵľһľ·ߣͣ״̬۷塣漴·߸ı䣬մ̽ľƽתҫָָ⣬ʼһεɫĹ㣬𽥵ɵתŨ
ҫ˫ĿȻ֣ͫȻֱָ̧ʣָڿۣ׼ǰǽһָյȥεɫָâݺݵײǽ֮ϡ
ҫһĳȣÿһεʵһĸо彣ɹ
峿ҫҸۡĹ㳡ǵȺʱҫӹС˼£ʵ磬ûʲôر𰡣
УкܴرСӣǷȥô
ҡҡͷʵ˵ʵڵе㲻ģֵ⣬Ĳʲô⡣ǿޱְԼëȻĸо
ҫ˵ͷЦ磬֪ǹңҫˡǣһ֮ҪػǸǰûǸȥػˣԸһһ
ˣ
˵ͷ֪ȰסҫҲ֮УȻģҪȥǾͽһ£ڽޱֵһЩעԼһЩΪҫ׼ĵҩ÷ڰҫҪȥ֮ʱһȥ·
һ£Ҫһȥܰ߳Ծҫǰ棬¡
磿ҫ˫üһ壬ܰͷҲصʵ
ϵܣҵãܰҲǼġϵܰܰСҳһжƢԣҲ߽ڼҴþˣҲȥߣ棬ҿҿҪʹҲ˵˵԰ɣ
ӿһĻ˵ҫҡͷһЦоԼʱҲͦ˼ģϸĿۣܰС΢죬ҲӵĶŰҫ˫ۡ
ҫ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵磬ĵطҲˣǿޱ֣Ӧñɣ
ƳܰһۣɺȫûƲѣֻܿɥŰҫļ򣬴һ˵ϵܰҲȥǣӵƢ˵нüһӢͽִ֣϶£˵ţˣʮȰסʱ޿̵ĽšһлȥҲϸ취ô֪ѶˣϾҾֻôһãΪİȥգӦȰסʲô취סٰϸһæɣ
ҫһЦ÷̫ȻҲȵһ滹ǿ˵Ҳûţҫ˵ͷ˵ˣ԰ɣ
ҫܰǰЦ֪Ҫȥĵطжô
ܰ˵ͷ˵֪Ҳ£
ⲻ²µ⣬ΪҵۣʵȥޱҲֻԱѡʥ۷ʵȥȫΪؼʱ̣Ҷһпг־ģ
ҫ쳣࣬һ˫˫Ǳ˵ĺ⣬˵ƺһȼյһ㣬ѹȸʮ㣬ֱܰȥ


ʮ Ҿúֵããɱtriple kill
ڰҫͻȻ֮£ܰı鶸Ȼɫһҧ̧ͷͦأηĶŰҫ
Сӣ֪Ѷˡһ϶ѣСӵĹȻоֱеƱ֮սʱҪǿһߣϵܣǻдɾ͵˰
пν־ϲϲǣҫѹ˵ķܹܰȴԼӣԼӲһжҪȴǾͱҪǿòˡ
ǰҫʵȫܴӰҫиоʱİҫ֮İҫǿˡҲ˵ҫҹûϢ˹񲻸һ˿иԸ԰ҫֻ߲͡
ܰѾͷҲȻܹסƵƣֻǿϧŮҪӣұضһ߷壡
͵͵һƲǱҫƽѹȵܰһҧֵģҲĵ˵ͷ̾ϢҡҡͷŮĿڽһֱǰдڵıܡ
ãȣԱ
ܰ˫üҧҧ˵˵ʵڵİҫʱѹޱȡҫΪԼĵʱϵѹȸУԶԼһԹߵĽǶȥҪӵֱ뺧ˣѹ£ܰĿʼһֲɵ벻սĸо
ȻָܰоҲһʱǱһʱİҫɲǵ¾Źɽʱİҫ֮ʵ˰ٱֹҪȫƴɱƾڰ֮ڰİҫôǿ
ҪôִôӦֻ֪ͽͶѣ
ҫʼĿתע֪ܰܰԼмڣӶԷ֮ȫԿܰȴǸԼһͬǰȥޱֵ뷨ȴҪܰԼǿҲͬʱȴ
ȻڽǺƽ£ǣǱˣԼԼҫԼΪ˱ŮӶֱ˶飬ܰԼ飬ҫֻ죬ȴܽܡ
ôעţҫҲʼձһĸ߶ȣϾܰǵˣֻҪ֪Ѷ˾ͺá
ֻǣǰҫ͹ܰһأܰǹ˲Ӣʼ֧ԼȥӱܣȥɲŮģϰ䣬ûڣҲȫҫġ
ܰĬƬ̣̾Ϣһҡҡͷһ˫Ե쳣ļᶨҲΪ˵ܰӲԼľҲԼģȥЩȡȥ£Ϊ㣬Ҿúֵá
⡣
ܰĻش𣬾ȻðҫһԶԣԸܰԼŲǾ˼ҵˣܰҧŰҫɿڣҫҲû취ǿԷŲһˣܰɣܲŰ
ҫһߵҪԷԼԲȣ˵ǣȻ˫Դ̧ͷ棬ȫʽҫƲѡ
ҫԸ˲磬һɣԺзתϾӥͼˣͻȻһĶЦ磬Ǻֵܲ
ϻѣҫգ͵ľˮ֮Уĺֵܣȥ˭ҪҸȥǸҹȥӻƤӶû潲ʶĻص䷢Էθ
ҫ˵ͷȫܸܵе壬˵ǴãҲҵĸÿ
ţҲһ񣬺˰ҫк塣
ҫ΢΢һЦܰ˵ˣҫҲǿǿ֮ͽʱãԸô
ȻԸ⣡ôһʵǿֿʵĸɸ磬ֶΪأܰԴص
ҫһ죬һΣֳΪЦܰһŮһνģҫȴԷһ仰Ūͦ˼ġ
ȻԺҵСˣУͽһ׶ɣҫ΢Ц˵
׶ϣСˣܰӯӯһЦȭһѽ񣬿ɼǺ֮ء
ʱ˵ии뷨
ҹǣȰܰ£֮飬ҸѾͷһ˵Ҳ̫ĴŪճġһޱһҲͼˣֳݣʵ֪Ѷˣճһáţ۹ҫпЦ
Сӣб£ŪȥҪסܰһȥޱ֣е㷳ģô죬ߣ΢߷߲ƽԼովȻ˰ҫĵǹʹˡ
ţȲҪƵ̫ˣùϵʵҲûʲôûУ˵ˣֲãһзչĿռ䡣ҫΣܰô׷ģܰ͵͵Ʋ˰ҫһۣмᶨ˵
ˣСƢҲˣȰȰסˣ͸һλᣬֻҪܽ¶жܣǴ˷ޱ֮У㣬ͬȥɺã
ãһΪСҲһ󣡡ܰ΢Ц˵
˵޷
׶磬УܰȻŮź׶õ̫֣СÿǻԹĵŶ
ãСӢ׶ΪеպضŮ֮ûоܾɣ㣡
ͽ̣
˽Ǳȭһ񣬱˴֮䣬΢΢һЦ


ʮ ̣뽣вףɱquadra kill
Сã֪Ϊʲô㹥ôҫֶ΢΢һЦʵ
֪ףҵĵǲΪŮͶģҲκεĽ
ܰʣɢһ۵ĺ⣬ߣӨѩͨ͸ʯĥɣˣһķƷ
ý
ҫüһܰеıʹ⺺ܸо˽Ѱλ֮
ֵܣ洫֮һ̣ɽʯƾʯʮ죬ޡ֮Ѫ۳ͣëϷ׾٣ֽʯУѴﵽﲻɶϵĵزҴ˽ЧҪСˣ
ܰеϸϸȻ˰ҫһ£Сģô˽ЧԷǱѰ
ҫ˵ͷȻܹ˽Ĳܰγѽ֮֮ǰ̫һˣͺȫһƵġ
ܰս֣֮ý覣׵ĳ˵ķɫָֻǱһ˿İ̸ǣԵòʵ
һ˫ĿˣƷƥ˷·Уԭزȴһƻ棬񲢲ڵĸоʵޱȡ
磬ѽΣգʺСôҫ˫ĶŰ̲ţͨܰı仯Ѿһŵĵʵ
û취ȥޱ֣ĻǲģܰҪûѰ̵ĻΣգ൱ΣաֻҪ˽֣ܰԱǸˣȻĻѽҲϡҪҿסܰĹ뾳磬޷ʱļԦ˽ѽϣǧҪһӣ򣬱ɣ૵˵͸¶һ˿뵣ġ
磬õˣʼɣ
ܰսȭ˺һ㣬ȫͬˣսֿʼ΢鴤ҫҲһ˿ĸڣÿն񣬱顣
ǶӰ쵽ôױ
ҫüͷ˵ͷжԽ
һУƣţСˣ
ҫһչ񹦵ӿ𾢲ңȷԵеº֮ˡǣָоȴһ̶ĴͶ㶼óޱȡ
ҫٶȺĺ֣ܰеܰʱȻ϶ܵľȻŤ
ʱǶӰܰòޱȣԼ˻þһ㣬ֻܿŰҫƽԼֽȴǦһ㣬Զܡ
ãһгĺãںϣ仯ᣬҸգӰܱ̼ܰĻϸҷˣ̾һ
ҫ΢΢һЦУԭľޱ飬նܰȻ΢ɫôԼĿѾﵽˣԼʵȫѹס̶ܰӰ졣
˿̣ҫôƻܰǰʼں󱳣ұһչ糤˦գۣ۵Ļç粶ʳԼһ㣬ܰȥ
һжӲ𣬲УҶܰźͻȻеİһޱȵ֮ڽ֮ϣ漴һ壬ȻڰҫĻç֮ǰܰ۶ڱ֮ڡ
ܰĿٴαתĽ˳ƶļתĽ˲ΣֻǽɽΣֳһſźڰӵ̬ŰҫĻçȥٶȿޱȣ켣Ʈ޶һмΪѸ
Ľ֮һɫ壡
ν֮Ʒ䣬ɫçһתɣãǧǣϰҫҪ߳ﲻֹν֮çΪ̣ʣµĻçɷĳܰ
ٴζܰһƷתӣνݺύƣÿһöƶʱԵ쳣Ƴһʱ֮صĹç޼ѰԹ룬ȥһ÷׷ױ֯ν顣
Ľ·ݺԪ
̫潣ߣūģȥǻʧġҿء
ҫ˼һأҲ׷ʹһվȣһֿܰһ۰̣ͻȻ΢΢һЦֱʡ
ұ۸߸̧𣬻ΪĻһ㽫ǣȶֿ񱩣ұ۵â£Ŀޱȵĳ׺⣬ۣ˵ѹԽԽء
СˣڶУգҫһȣ䣬նܰ׺ޱȡ
ıѹ£̶ԽԽҫ֮һҰ޵һ˿Цһ˫ͫ̾Ȼɢһβ԰׻档
Ƴˣ
ܰԴ΢΢һֱͣ۸߸߾ȦһתԽתԽңһ罣Ƴ֣·ûһν׺쳣ǧǿ䣬ԹأԷƼ
ĽǧĿɱ
䣡
еǴ׾һӣһʮᣬһ䣬ҫһ磬޿ƥУ֮ƣν٣ȥɲֱܰȥ
ڴʱһĻˣǶصİɫ˲۳һͷõףݺһҧâҧ飬ŰеİҫŭһŭĿӡ
ҫһ˫ɫıͫ΢΢βָָ۳һâЦҰҫµãɲܱ̣ˣҰҫǰֲ񣡵У񽣣󽣣
һ䣬ҫβָ׼׸յȥâ缲ƿգ羪أٿղͣ䣬켣޼ѰѸײڶ֮ƽɢ֮ڰ£һн̻ɡ
ڰֵһ̣ܰ˲ѣ͵ĿȳһѪһסԴԴϵĹܰڡ
аҫμת֮ƶ׼İȻһѼױ񽣣ҫ˫֮䣬𣬲ͣĲţҫЦͣ˫һڣָצʮָ׺â֮£̵ĶԽԽ
磬Сˣû뵽֮ɵв㡣ޱ֣Ҿ͡
ͨܰѾϢˣֻ˵̸ģֻϵģѪҲһӰ졣
޷ȵϢһӣ㶨ֻǼ̣
ҫûлͷ쳣࣬ͫûջأɽעŰеͷףҫߣƴڶԷļͷ롣
аô
֪˵ҲǵһôŪ֪άֶã
˵ͷһ˫ĿֱựҲн죡


ʮ סޣɱpenta kill
ＴΪףɷ׶գΪһصǾֻޱˣݲǡþһݻǱȽǡģһ굽ͷ̽ѰޱֵҲ٣߳Ŀ˵ǰһ֮ʵ
һҹĸ·ҫܰڵ⼫֮ޱֵڣµƥ̤ǰһôվޱֵڴɪɪ˻ţȥ
˶һҲΣҰ޵ֱҪƥԼܹоǰƬ֣Ǽ˵Σգаֻܲڣǰ
˷һƣƥԵͷܣϢ֮ѾܸӰ٣˶һۣٴһЦԽһöɫ̷·ȥ
öɫ裬һصıܶҩޱֵΧһϡĶδڣ˵ǶҲ׼ȷʵһС۲ɼĶһ飬ൽ˼飬ɳĶۣȥȻͺһ㡣
ֶȻС۲ɼȴǼΪֲĴڡһڣֻССһڣҲֵ壬ѪҺ֮Уڵÿطһҷֳ
ɻڣϵʴѨｫȾͬϵһ
Ȼ⻹ֲģֲʣĳɶĴԣӰǣħɱ¾е´Աʳ
ڵһ㶾ѾޣΪһȻϣ֪жһؿ֮ϡֶӻģ룬Ҳë׽ڣ˵Ƿʤع֮ʱһӡ
ȻֲȴҲɽ⣬һľӵ֮Ѿﵽڣ߾ǿԸѪҺ֮ϣôڣҲᱻݻ٣Ȼްһ֣ǰҫܰеɫˡ
˵û絤޼ɵЧֻһ򵥵ЧãǾһ߳ϲҽӽ
΢ЧãȴֶεÿǣͬʱҲ̽յıرҩϾɲϲЪʱЩС͵ĳ壬޷Ůκ˶ϲ
˵ҩ壬ҫܰ˵ͷǴȥڰҫĽŲոޱֵ·д֮صľʱһɭֲ֮ǻ谵дʱһа֮Ҳ֮ӿ
ҫüͷһ壬޴ڵļ¸ָоа·ָһһ㣬У֮Եܰʲôûио
磬кβ֮ܰҫ˫ü壬£ͣ٣Ϊҫĵʵ
ҫҡҡͷЦ޷СãգںڣǾڴ˴ŶΣ
磬ͱˣܰӣͲҪ㲻δɩأҲ뿴ʲôŮӢ׶磬˵Ǵ˷ͺúôһν֮أܰ˰֣Ц˵
ҫҲЦŵͷⲽǿ֮صľƴḧ˸ľƣӵ˵ͷǻ谵ȥǿ֮صľƣճ˽̿
֮أҰҫ˷Ϳ㵽жף

ҹʱ֣ҫ֦ŪŻѣܰԼԶϥ˫ϥ֮ϰڷỤ̋ɢŵ֮ܰḧŽ̡
ҫܰϰ̵Ľ˵ͷʾͣԼϵҲڷмӡ
г̣ǰ·̣е·ȽߣŢ涾ҫܰǸһľɴܣƽأ̤Ţݣ߳ľҲǼԶˡ
ԶǶǶԣޱ˵ǶһĽΧ֮һûе
ޱܹΪĲ㣬տԲȦ״Խĵ㣬ľԽï޴ɫҲǸΪڴĶ⣬һͨͬ
һ㣬ľʼԽïܾ޴󣬼Ҫյĳ̶ȣҹһ㣬Ψ֮ķ϶Ż͸룬޶棬ȱȽǣֽʣԲע⣬Ҫɥ
Ҳǽӽĵһ㣬涾޾ţѾûʥ֮Ĳɵвɿĳ̶ȣ㣬ճٱǧֹ⻹û꣬˾㤵ǣһаǧ޵ĳûжֻͲö֪ˡ
ĵ㣬û֪ôĴڣïܵĲƬֻкڰǽȥûһܹ㹦ֶߣн޳
ҫͣҡҡͷķ¼պãֻƬĽܣ˵ãޱûа취̫ϡ
ҫϥ˫Ŀգʼ˹һԵܰüͷ̵֮һַǳ͵ķʽ߾֮С
ܰ̽УһƬȻΪеףһŻݺţͣŭ
ȼգײͣķţ쳣ļͣʼϣҲ𽥵ı䵭СƺҪһ㣬֮Ǳܰպգһ֣Ҳһ֣ոպá
ò˶ã֮ڵ飬ᱻʱܰĽƣ
лл
ܰŰҫ૵֪ɰҫ֯ģҪ飬ٴα̿ơ
Ӧõģ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢Цص
ܰһĿһƲһڱĿİҫԽĽ顣ͻȻҫһ˫Ŀһͫĵ԰׻γڲԶ


ʮ һ¼ң
ҫָָܰϷߵ˵ͷ˰εضûһ˿춯գ֮Ѿ֮ϣҫΪޱ֣СĶΪ뿴˵ʵϡ
ڶڲãһߴߴЦŮ˵ЦҫЪ֮ء
ʦãˣѻûأһɫΪ߰ս꣬ǰĻ˵
Ůӵ˵ͷ˵ǵ춯ˣΪʲôޣĶ˰ɡͷǻһЩΪǵˣ̽Ѱޱ֣ǲ֪ν
ŮüĿ㣬üƤѩϸ壬̷Ҳмɫֻİʢ˵ĻС
Ůǲмϵܰüͷһƺһֺܲǽհ̵ģƺбļ󣬵ɱԵİҫ̧ס
ҿ϶ҲѰ񻨵ģ̫ͣʲô֪ĶŪĳˣ˵ʵǱȼġһߴ׳˶米һ޽һŻѣм˵
ǣ˭ǿ¼߽ܣ˭Ҹ¼棬ѰܱȽϵģһİСһȸߵЦ˵
ˣϻˣ·Ҫ˷Ҫժ֡˵ޱֵĵ㣬ҵǵ񹦶СɣҶ£ҪңѶˣҿɲȥȣ֪ô
ŮΪ߰ӽǵͷͣͣŮҲΪãӶˣԵøӵİ
ĻУ߰ŮǵʦãɴǶ̬ȿԿŮ¼ڣҪ֮ϣҵʦӸλҲ֪汾۸ֵ͵Ĵ
¼ҵһ竣𣡡ҫʶķ˷ۣ૵һԵܰҲЦҡҡͷ
η󱲣Ȼ͵
ŮӶһγж̵ֱڡһ߰룬âէ֣ޱȣֱϵİҫˡ
Ŷλǳô溮ֿ׼ţףӰҫпŮӵҲ̫ϲ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˫ָһƫ׾ٵĶ㿪ŮӵĵС԰ҫŮӵ֣Ҳֻͨѣ˵ԼܰܲѴ֮Ľܡ
סڣʲôҲʸҵǵ
ŮŭһһתƵ㷱ǣҫԣŰҫȥаҫЦۣһֱĵĸоŭƽζҪڽҫɱܡ
ǣпõĵɱܰҫζʵʡҫЦһ֪ŮŭˣҲżһ㣬˳ڵķΧ֮󣬶ƤӰǰ竴¡
û뵽һˣΪҫԼĵʱСһ̤ڣϣ̵ֱᴩʼգ켣쳣ŰҫҼݺȥ
ߣ֪С˰ɣ˱Сӵ÷ݣһСʹ룡
Ů°һ̧һĽ֮ɫֻһӣ˾еǵ˲ɿܵ
ԭҫұ۵ĵҫʳжָɵļסһâ֮ΧŶߵľ벻תǹ֮ŮӾѣǰİҫ£ЦԵúᡣ
ˣǾ֣ŮоԼߵˣҫʵһ޷ƥеĸо
ҫôŵ棬Ůӵص棬âɢԭһЦĿɿڴǾɵٸ߰ҲܿҫǼҪǿǿĻһǰ㡣
Ҫſʦã޺ع񣬽ľ޽ȡ£ȥԾȥҪŮӽΧҲͬˡ
ֻǣǻûͣס˲һٻӰס˵ȥ·ܰһ˫ӿɱ˺ëֱһͣԭء
˭˭ܰ˵ŵ˽һ飬û˸жĶòȻ
¼ҵˣҫʼռŮӵĵ治ţ۶Էδ߾ѲԼָ֮䣬˴˵ʵ֪
ʦ¼Һֶ磬µһ֣֮ǰײǰǰ飬ˡһأ
ˣҲû취£Լþʮɹ鲻ǵ˵ʵȫһϣҧгݵģϿҲֻǿڷĲѡ
ôҫ˵ͷԺһ治ϵĳ֣ǾŹɽ֮ϣɽׯ֮ڣ̨緢ԼԼοЦݡ
ʦҲһ֮ԵͲΪˣҪСʹ룡
ҫ̲˵һ˦ָǵʱƣһ׹ǵûһþ֮ڣľ֦Ҷ׷Ʈ䡣
ɽׯȣҫһٶ֮绹޹Լһ㲻磬ҲûнĵӣȻҪֱġ㲻һҲסҫɲ¼һʲôңûбµܣοǵͷϣȻûкùӳԡ
յˣѣ׹һţһԷԼʦϣŹԼȻԼҪҫˡ
㣬˾Ȼ˴󵨣¼ҵӶŲţŲھͷټ¼Ҹѵһֳ־޽ĸߴӣһ˵ȻûƵвҫ
ҲӣҪǲӣ⼸ܵļһǷ˰
ҫЦЦ˫ŲͣĴļҪĳǻҫǵѹܰ
ǰѵǣлǰ޲֮ˡ
ȭҧ˵һ֪Ƕ֣ǣҫСѵţȻ޷ڶ
ҫһЦҲƽϣܰ˰֣߿ǰˣһصҫߡ
ڶ˽Ҫȥ֮ʱȭʵǰţ֪Լǰ˭ϣ
֪вǣʵûʸ֪ҵţǷӵʵ˵ɣҫܰͷҲص룬ڰ֮Уʧ
д˳𲻱ĲΪˣһ׶飬ŵʦֵܣҳֻܿγǵǿþ﷢й
˭Ҽòߴ磬
磡ãȥǸе˵ʬΣСʳѰ
һ߰˳ߣԲĴ󺺣ͻأĳǰ׳һСɽһ㣬侪ˣһ绨һʵʵļ⣬ʵ뺷ޱȣٸȻǷвŭֻ࣬ľ޵ǲϵɢżɷ֮
Сã·ɣҵ뿴ĸ֪ļһҰѵmãӻ


ʮ Ҳһأͨ
ԭ׶˼ҳأ
˱֮䣬Ͻ֦ɽԾܹһ֮·ٶȱ֮컹Ҫ֮֡ͻȻ㼱УΪҫ֮ܰ󣬻û߳Զ㷢µӫⰵţʾǰķ
עPSĹûը˷ΣȻٵôãֱǸȭһ񣬸λﰡ
ܰͻȻûͷûԵһ仰ҫŲ΢һ٣һƬСյ֮УܰҲͬͣסΣ΢΢һЦôעŰҫ
˵ûСôֵģҫóˮһڣʵ
ܰһǰ͹µߣİҫ΢΢һ죬ƲһԣһԼΡ
ܰһЦҡҡͷ˵˼ҳˣˣЩ۸ֵͣΪǵӵܣԷûǵԼǫѷмҲͰˡԼļɻ䣬ֺģٱ֮Ӱ׶֮ǰ̬ȾͿԿˣ
ҫƲƲ죬˫ۻص۲ĻͦϸûСĸ˫ͷ걻ɽׯׯɽ쾭ͨ޷ϰ䣬ֻΪׯڵһˣһɾʮ֮ãڻԵɺ֮£ŵõһʵ
ʵҲû˵ôСֻǿзǳԽȴˣȥúùֱ˷Դ߹鿴ߣҲûеĵزֻҪ˲ңȻˣˮˮҪһĨڣ޷죬ͷǵͷ˵ĻҲù
ҫ˫ۻΪԴǵ˵֮ܰǱȭһ˵׶Ī֣Сò֪֮ǰͻˣ
ҫæֹ֣ܰ񣬿˵СˣɲʲôС֮ˣڶǰȫҪڣܳԱǡ
ܰ΢΢һЦ˵ͷİҫ崺ĸоæŤһԣֿʼĪˡ
˵ʵڵģܰòҲֻѷɫֶѡҶüӣҿڣ˿ٷʤѩԳƵǵˣĵӢҪǰҫٻӰڣԼҲܰѳס
ܰҲҪֶϳɳأʲôģֻѣԼʵʵڵġͺոҶ¼ҵǰ㲻ʵɱΣʵǵ㲻Լˡ
ڲݵĳǰֻһЦѡó˵ɲþŵĳУɱ㣬ΨԼʵܱסܱס棡ӲǱ˸ģҪԼģʵ
ҫϲ˵ȴԣܰͷðҫ˵ԼԼ԰ҫĻ㺣ҫ˵ʲôԡ
ܰӢĵˣȻҫ˵һҲΪȻĿ
˵Сܽˣܰٴιȭ棬ҫҲ΢΢һ㶣ͬȭ񣬲ǶһЩʵڣǶڱ˴˵һء
ˣ綼ɻˣǸոҲ·̣һ϶һˡѾ죬ЪϢһ̰ɣ֮Ҳã
ҫһ£һУܵĿ֦Ҷ̼ѻڽ£ڰҫóҪ֮ʣһԵܰȴæǰŰҫΣӿ֦Ҷ֮УγһâһĲɫҶ
գҲϸһ㣬㱻ȥһأܰûƲ˰ҫһ۾Ҳһ㣬ѱݣûˡ
ҫ˿ûµĸоɦɦףһָܰеĲɫâݣ˵˵òǱҲֻɫһ㰡ﰡ
ܰȻͷҫһһֿŰҫ˵ɣ磬ʶ˱
ʶ
ҫȫûʲô˼оֱѿڶ󷽷ĳԼǳļʶ
ֻǰҫ㶵ı飬ܰһЦ˵ɵӶɵĿɰҫܰУˡ
˱УͨݣһһڵɫʣԢһһΪͨ죬һЧǷݡǿǣѨǿ;ǿѪϴ裬ٶ֡
һδϰ̷ͨȥһ̵ʱڣӵйʮȫ¸ͨ͸Ϊһ֣ȫ¡
ܰ渵ͨϸĽܶʱİҫѵŴۣ˵ˣǸҪˮı飬ٴܰЦѡ
û뵽֮أȻд˵汦ڣСۼ⣬Ҫ汻ҵҰˣɾʹˣ
ҫƽһ飬ԼԺκ¶ҪĺãȻԼһڽмѾŵϺˣǼʶǲҲ̶á
ͨ󣬽мУ޴Ѱû뵽Ȼڶ֮߱У˴ȻףͬҲһأ˵ͨݿԸͬҲ޼ɵļҪҩ֮һֻϡٵĿһݶΪ¼УŽǰʮ֮СܰͷصĿһƤһ󶶶
ܰ˵ԸʱҫѾʼľٶǰİҫĴݶѣͣķܵĿ֦ҶһЩضǲͣڣһڵ߶Ҫҳһͨݵļơ
һ֮󣬰ҫеͨݣǰͣžĻѣԼѱ˷Բһڵеط汻̣Ŀӿݣһ񡣺ҲȻˣȻ汦ݣȻ̫ܻײһô֡
ֻͨݰҫܰûзãΪùҪʮʱʱ䲻˹ͨݽڻΪ̬ɢ⣬ǵòʧᵢ˵ĸ·ٶȡҽɰҫܣ˺ʵʱȥ̷
ҫźԣһֻתеͨݣ׵ҲãҲãСѾͷŰҫ磬ҫ罫㵽
ôҪôһ˯ȥܰһв֪ǸñǸÿࡣ
ҫ˸ͨݷ뻳ڣ˫ĿһƲԶһֻҰܹ춯עӣ漴һЦĿ˯ȥ
ҰܹľԶmһ米˫ӣڽעŰҫ֮ΨһˣĿ¶׹⣬ҧгݣһ޲Ҫҫ̻ı顣
磬磬Ǵˡ

ھҫ֮⣬һƬΧƵĿյ֮Уһӵ֮գ·һѳŮӣͷһƬڵǿգ̾Ϣţҫ磬Ӧõ˰ɣŶ۶öģ֮Ը㹲ͷǣ㹻ˣ
ͻȻŮܺڰУһͳ˻Ұޣֳûкˮޱȵ˻
һԱɫĹԣԣĶԣһƬıɫ㣬ӦһһƬԽԽҵ˻ò˫ŮذΧ
ûҫطǰңŮһ˫ƽ٣ǺЦɷˡ


ڶʮ ¼߽ڶ
ҫ׷һž£ֲӲݣھĵײһ״ӫͼγָ֣˷
ҫվֱ˿ӫͼָķ򣬵ͷ˼ţˣҴӱǵľСѾͷһ·ʵʱϵĶԱȣѾ˰£Ӧڰ￪ˣҲǵڶĽ紦
ܰԾ£ҫߣ˵磬˸ǣ
ҫĬĵ˵ͷЦţǰǸϾͷˣӦ˰ҳӵġ
ҿҪǳɱǵˣ֮ض֣Ǿˣ¼Ҳɲͷϣȫʬ𼣡ܰɢһɱ֮֮и׹硣
ҫ΢΢һЦܰļЦ޷ǸŰɡǸģҲ֣޷Ҳ룬Ǹ£ռڶ汦һոǴһֺ̡
Ȼ֪Ϊβأܰϯضó˼ڣʵ
Ȼ׷ôĿ϶Ǹ֣һֹһѾǳӽڶˣɱΧȦ˰ٱֹҪѵ״̬ȥӦΣ
ھǱսʤǿ϶ģǹ״̬Ҳ϶ֻܽԭ谭Ǹ·Ľȣ˵ʵڵģѾ˷κεʱ䣬Щĵϣֻ·ҫ˵
ܰͻȻһ£Ȼֻظԭòʵ磬ʲôƲô
ҫ˵ͷЦʵҪЩӬҲһҪǳ֣Ȼڶôգȫһѽ
ܰͻȻһͬЦ磬Ǹɣ
ȻǸʲôãҪôõѽ
ҫͷƳһڱͫУǶʥʮ׿⣬ɢŲ԰׻Ӱֿһ֮ͣϡ

磬ΪҪһ·β棬ֱӳɱǲǸô
ߺ޵˵ֻһ֮ϣ˫ۼԹ޵ĶŲԶİҫˣҫܰ˵Цģʵһ
֮ǰҫѹУȴǲԼûǸʵҲֻܶһԼλ綼ˣĸڶҪ
ʵԭ¼ҵĵλܲôԼĸĸֻ¼ڶӵеһֻϵѣƽʱ˵ϻĴڡ
κҲһС໬ֺãǰʦ¼Һֶ磬Żڼеĵλվֻ¶ѱΪڵʮλִ֮һΪĵӣȻˮǴߡ
һߣȻһȺķ֮ҲԽĿˣҲûйȥԼͽܵΪˡŰ裬Ȼεļã綼ûз֡
ɾʵǰλ֮ǽݵƢԣе޷һǽİѵmһͬҲǽӰ˲
¼߽֮¼߽¼һǿˣոǿ¼ÿ궼̭ѡΣʵо͵ûˣһֱ¼߽ܵǿ
ûʥ֮ˣѡεʸ񶼲Уǵ΢ĩ죬֮ܽУΪλ簵
Ϊ߽֮׵mѵʥ۷壬һɽϿ֮ϴ֮¼һĵһˡ
˲϶ӰӰȽϣȵ˫ȷߵþһ֣磬͹ף¼һĸ֡
Ҳ֪˹ʲô˶ԼǱĲˣҪɶɶ˵ɶɶͲûˣ¼һڽԽĲһ¼߽ܵͷҲm˲Ľ
֮ǰߵ꣬еûƤûļٽˣҲᱻܰһסҶˡ
¼߽ǣϴ󡮰ѵm϶Ӱ˲±ġǬ°塮Ӱ·ɣת⣻Լۡǵ
ʱʻֻǵõmɭȻһЦȴûеõͷϵĻش𣬷һԼ米˫˲ڻصСã˼ǰ֮ޱ֮Ѱ汦ǵǰķӦҲޱֵĵ㣬񻨵ڷΧͬȫݴͣձ汦ܣȫڸ°
֮ͻȻһ˫ۣϲüңmǽӹ磬˵Ƕ˵õû˵ͨݡĻĲ޴Ѱ汦ȻܱѰʵǺѰԽ࣬ǾԽ󶼻Ϊǵ֮ҲǸѰҲǷһȥѰˡ
ƣҪ£ǰˣջֻȥˣ͵Ǻˡˣλֳأ
ϲ⣬¼߽ޱģ̽գ¼Ҹ߲߽ޱѰڵڵ񻨣ʹ֮أ߽ҲǲҲӡ
бµˣӦҲѾڴһӦþǵڶǻϡmص
˵ͷҲٶʣԼλֳҪôǰİҫȻɣкԵãŰҫܰĲЦš
ҫܰСЪһ֮ٴ̣Ծǰȥ˻һۣ˵ͷŲһ϶ˡ
һʱ֮󣬰ҫ̤ܰޱֵĵڶ㣬ֻǸո̤ѣһּΣյĸоʼŰҫ
ޱֵĵڶ㣬ûΧȦôˣĹѾĽ˾ͽǰͨ쳹أʵ絽ʲô̶ȣҪСģҪҪΣʶ
ҫŤͷһֺܰҲͬǱأΣոпֹһ˸оѣҫͫѲܣʼձʮ׾ˣûκεڡ
ȷûĴڣǣڰҫһҾ룬ֲָĺڰУһĽʮ״ˮ׵ı۳ţ׺ݵĶŰҫţͳŵߣһԶ̹ԭֹһ


ڶʮһ ĺı
ޱֵĵڶ㣬Σķ׻֣ҫȫܹоõּ˵ΣգʵεѹȸΣոУ֪Σճ̶ǱΧȦ֪߳ٱ
ҰҫҲ֣ԼıͫܰﵽԼæˣܸоѹΣգڸ̤ڶʱܺڰĳţı֮ͫ£ȫûһ˿ۼĴڡ
ҫı֮ͫ޷׽ΪûµģͫԽò԰׻ʽֳûµȴ޷ֵģҲǱͫһ׶ˡ
޴ͷ­Ϣ̽ͣͲǰİҫ˻˻ţǶԱ֮УɭȻӿɱ޷ڸǣŻĸо
Űҫܰķȥ֮󣬳ŵ˫Ŷˣûãһ춯ŵͷٴλתг¼˵Ӱ
Ҳͬȥûжչʶ²ѵʱƵãعͷɴܽڰ֮Уͬʱ緱ĵһɫ磬ʧ
ҫܰû߳ãͣΣǰ·Ǻܲߣޱֵڶľ䷱ܣһֱһ׵Ĳ⻹ġ
ڵڶһֱľ洦ɼ׵ĸǱȱȽǣ޴ݺύݶΪڱգǴ죬жԵɭȻΨٵļߣ֦Ҷķ϶͸䣬һڵ֮ϡ
ҫ̧ͷ˿Ϸѱ޴󽻴ڸǣֿ˿ܣѾֲָĵز
ܰǽŲҪһˣôڵĻвܾҪʲô޵վ֮У̫Σˣҫε˵ܰȴȫûйǵӯӯһЦСڣͳƬɢ΢׹Ƭݸҫ
磬ǰȥ
ҫ˵ͷƬؿڴ룬԰ҫΪɢһİ׹⣬ҫķ˰ɹʱƬѾͣѾ޷룬ѾΧҵľ롣
ҫʲôϡ䱦һ㣬Ŵ۾Ŀؿڴ漴ʵĿ⿴ܰ
Ź룬ɢŹ⣬аãάֶʮĸʱܺõġܰ˵
ҫ˵ͷѹֵԼ֪ȥʱҪɸȥȴ⵽裬˵ʵڵҪûΪԼ׼ЩԼһ·أΧȦһ㶾Σ͹ˡ
磬Сģ
ڰҫΪ׼һе֮ʱܰݾָŰҫ˵ҫδȶͷҲصһȥƾҿ񱩣ƶֳɫĹâŹɢĹâҪҡ
ҫһƴļأȻͫЧޣҫλı£ǿޱȣ֮ܰǰǵ΢ƷѾ˫׽ֻǣҫһƴˡ
һʮҵӴӰʽתĶ˰ҫһƵĻ𾢣ſѪڣŰҫɶȥ
ҫĿһӰķɣ˫ƽչŤ֮ʱһȦӿ񱩵âնںˮװִ֮ϡ
˫ͣ
Ƶ֮쳣ļƤһ㣬ҫܹоĵһɵ˺ʵ޵úܡ
ɹĵҲֶֻѣʲô
ҫһڷ˻ĺӰȻһͳţӴĳȼִһࡣ
ʹһͷ­һڣ׺ݵעŰҫһգۻ죬ΧưҫȦһҫſ޴ͣ͵ҫ
һԵܰѸٰγ̣â溮鶯ˮкأ޿ײ룬ųŷȥܰҪȰҫǴʱҲͬѱһͬӴĳţΧƲһţܰ
ΣĹͷҫ˫ۣһһץסŵͣݺһ˺˺һ޴ĻڣѪһء
ҫڵľӿǿĻ𾢽ŵȼ³һɣ֮ͣŤҪ
ڰҫָ֮Ĵָڿֱָָ֣âƿռ䣬գۼܰŵͷ­ϡãĲ
ܰͬк²ѣովͲһ˿ԼҪΪŵĸͣϷҫ𾢵ĳţѾٶȼţһɽζܵһ춯
֮𺳵һĻڶǰܺڰһƬ˻˻һԶɫ֣һŵͷ­֣ϣǵ漸ǣʮ֮ཫ˰ΧеĿⶼĶŰҫܰ
ҫüͷһ壬ǰĿ¶׹⣬ȺӵĳţпʼӸոһŵʵԼĹҪͻΧѣԼ£ܰûˡ
ԼܰͻΧҪôܰҪôһûе·ߣҫʵô೤ǰֻסԼ
磬߰ɣܰ㵲סЩʵܸôһ·СѾˣܰѩȻ֪ҫĹʲôԼܹסİˣûôˡ
ܰǼҫ΢΢һЦָָ󣬽ƻЦڰҫ֮£ܰͻȻһһͬЦĺ
ʱmƺ˰ҫ˵֣˵ǺΧˣǸ㿴
˲˵ͷӿ첽ǼӿԼŹصĲ
ܰӰһö֦ҶɫҶƬŰҫ˵ͷҫ֮ǰԼ䴩ͷ­ĳǰƶ׼Ѫ˿ڣȻһһѪҺӳŵ˿ڴڰҫ֮ϡ
ܰеɫҶƬ׸ҫҫһ٣һ˿âҶƬ漴ճɻںϽѪ֮УҶƬĸ룬֮ڣһ붪ܰҲպ«ưĩ롣
ҫ˵ͷŤͷһ԰ɫĻΣڷɿӽھԼ״ͣҫһ˿аЦһеۺҶƬĩѪţݺ
ηСһ·βУò֪ܣ
ѪŵĻȾԭɫâѪ֮ɫmնȥm˫ĿһѾ޵İγ׼Ѫɫâݺһƥ׾ٵնâ
âȴǿиɣпãһ˿Ѫȵζ̫ԣ
mն鵶â֮ü뵽ú֣âڵâ֮󣬾ȻһСƬɫ۳Ʈɢе졣
ãмƣ
mͻȻ뵽ʲôĿһ΢Цİҫڰҫܣеĳƺܵʲô̼һ㣬ʼƵŤ֮еͷ­׼¼ˣɭ̵˫ѪĹâʱеĳһƴһ羪ףǵصĳ¼˿ɶȥ
ǶĲݣֻҪ˲ݵķĩһ˿ЯһֲŵζἤԲҰ޵ʳȺ
mҧгݵĺһ˫Ѫ˫Ķ΢Цѵİҫ


ڶʮ UħʵҪ
ѵߴ֮һ磬ߣذٽʹͭɫԳ˫֮עɢŨŨֻ֮Ⲣɱ
ڵϿ֣츳ˣһ︳죬˽Կɱ
֮֮˵ΪΪ棬һͨһ顣Ҳ˵еһһ;ͬ飬ɴ
ɱҵҲһɱɱ¾˵ҵͷţӶڼﵽҵԩĥģһ㣬󳹴ɱ֤õ
ɱǷɱҵһѵɱҵķħɱҵһУɱǲֹͣġ
ϵɱҵǹɱ¾᲻ϲʳٵߵԣҲɱڲٵߵһĥ޷һֱһģֻɱ֮ˣֻɱɱ֮ˣôΪɱסͽ޲һĵΪֻΪɱɱʬ⡣
ѵ֮Իᱻ֮ΪħĲ棬Ϊ˵ÿɱһ˽ԻͽһħԣΪ˶ɱ֮ʱǻһ˿ԹҲһ̻ῴԼԭ򣬻вʡ
ڰѵ֮µˣǣ޹ңԹ޻ڶΪһԹȫѵˣٵߣĥٵߵɱԽ࣬ѵħ֮Խ˵ѵһħһ׵
츳ˣһ︳죬˽Կɱmһеİѵһ貵֮ͭɫһӿȵɷ֮mӿ
mֳֵᵶһն񱩵ĵգ֮նľͳţһת磬֮񣬵漫֮㣬ϢĹ֮һľͳ䵶¡
ǿֲİҫüѣ̧Ѿİѵm磬ƺûһ㣬ң͸¶һɷħնĳźʧȥѪҺһ㣬ֻҰ֮ɫ
ڰѵɱҵеڹķѵؾ绢m׶˫Ŀ׹ֳֵ֣ͣն磬ħݺᡣ
һеģƺȫûƵģûһͳܹԭ᧿Σľƣȫƿأ˿ǰȺ֮ĳŷ
ǿĵ
ҫ˫Ŀƣmţʵһ˽⣬һԵܰҫߣʵ磬ʵսмְʤ
߷ְɣֻǲ֪ĵΣҪһ֪ˣҫĻصƺԼʵģܰҲǵ˵ͷ˿һԡ
mִɱ֮ʱһСܳһȦçĶܹmٶȿĲ˼飬գۼ
ÿֵк㣡mһЦһѵ£ɽ֮ƣ£ưûжĻдڣֻһѣƵ֮£ç޴ɶ㣬ֻܹԹΡ
ʵ
mһƲɵȫѹˣǿӲǿǿҫһ˿ֵȤԼ˷ΪԼѾˡ
mç֮ʣĳȫֹͣΧ˾ٶͺܵʲôһ㣬ʼӴܣ˲ʧӰ٣çӦЩŵһȻɢ
mջذѵŲԶ΢Цİҫ˽üͷһ˲ҫǰ˸һӽֱӿںǳߣԼûӦȺţȻƸǣǺòҪ
ҫһЦҪһ·ͷ¶ββвţղȣͼ˭Ҫһ㰡
ҿʵҲǿȥҲֻҴǽΧ֮ǰѹҵʱǹƵȥˣҲ¶֮ѡ
һЦＫΪмģܰüͷһ壬ŭӿհ̻ߵӰ˲Ҳǵڱĵ֮ϣֻ̲Ҫܰһ֣˲˲䱬ָߵ͡
ҫסܰİν֮٣Цȿ֮ҫû˭ȡ衣
Сãҿͺúý̽㣬ڽϿĲǸǿʵҪҫԼԴЦûֻƾһǿӲϣţкηֱ𣡹һؼҸũǸõѡ񡣡
ˣҡ
mʵֱһ̧ŭ⣬漴ЦЦŭףңڳ˫֮⣬˶ùֿЦûֵܵӰ졣
мֹҫ΢΢һЦ˵
֮ǰĻ˺һµĸУˣm˫Ŀ΢΢𣬵ٴסѵҪǿսҫ
ҫǰ˰ֱ֣˵ĻصҲģ
ߣ޵࣡һܰ˰νĳ嶯
ҫһνı飬Ц˵˵ĻûȥţţԣǲᡣΪôˣһȸ㽻ҪҪһ򱶵ȥΣȻ֪ĲݵЧãҲӦ֪ĶĲҩʱЧɣ㲻ЦãһЦͱأϸ
ڰҫһ˵֮ʱm˲ʶԼոյķЦж޴ܻ谵дȸոճȺ춯һƬ֮ΣϢm
ҲҲһԭˣҲҪܻȥܸҴѽҫٴ΢Цֻ΢Цǰ˸оһ˿־ζҫЦеëȻ
һͷ޻ܳڰ֮УĿ΢죬˲˲˫һ׺ۼԲ׽ƲһƬĲӰĲ˼飬ͷ޻Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵƣȻ˲Ŀ쵶ƽɫ
һͷڱ֮ϣԾ£ֱȥŵγǵ佻սʵƽӹһԹҲʣڱٶȿޱȣÿξߣһѪȴֲһƺϷˣһ㡣
ڰҫһԵɫӫһȸոЩŻҪִƾڶӰҫ󻺻ھҫʱȻ޶ã˿ĶmţƺҫmӵĸȤ
λܹһҷǳӭѰ𣬴ӣʱұսҵʸҲǷʸ֪ҵ֣ҽаҫսɣ


ڶʮ һа˻
עPSʱ䲻ȶҪ˵ǸҵƵģиĿдʱˣô٣һǾԲٵģҲϸϣԭ¡УлĻ֧Ŷ
ģΪϡ٣дϸޣѾˣͨҰҲǿԳΪһеģ֮зΪ֡
һʳĵرͻ䣬Ұ޿ΪãԼǿһǣȻĸ嵮СԲƵļʲ죬ӵиܣҲǾӸ߲¡
ôȥҰޣǾͺÿǵˣһЩ޵òܻҰޣͶƫҲ··ҲҰ߱ġ
͸ˣӰ£ÿһֻ޶Լصڱ죬׽֮𣬱ħԳ˵йصĿұ졣
ͬʱ޵Ҳȵģһɰǧ궼ǳ£һԽԽǿ޹꣬ʥɵУ꣬δ񾳱ǧ꣬޳ӣǧ꣬뻯սʮֻϹޣҲֻĽߣ֮ˡ
ʱҫǰֻҰޣһУǰ϶飬Ҫ˵
ֻǿһֻҲڰҫǰϱѹȸΣոУҫmܸоͷޡ
䣬ҲҪڳΪԺ󣬲ſʼģޱֵĵڶҲ޵Ĵڣֻǲѣɴʱһֻôֻһԭڵ㷢ʲô˲õĴ£һЩޱųֻǱϳˡ
ҫĻһ䣬üͷϱһֲۣ̫ĸо㣬Ӧþڵڶ֮һξС
ɵ޾ȻܵڶкǵǣȲ۵㷢ʲô£ӴܣֻİΣ
ҫҲûٶ˵ʲôߵܰͷʾһ£ᣬĿһۣm˾̬ЦһŰҫȥ
mĿƵĿŶȥûҧˣ˿̵԰ҫĺ⣬ԭҪҫռĵر֮ҫöĲһƻľ鷳̿Ǵϸ顣
УȥˣҪ취ǿУĲݵЧһʱ֮ãٲͻΧֻᱻԽԽΧˣ
mһ£ĵһ£ϱ˫ѹȫһʥ۷Ķ֣ԼҲûбʤİա
ǣûҲҪӲϣm˫ĿһһеİѾ޵𣬵಻һһһ͹һǰ̣η޾ݺƥֽʯ֮ᣬ񱩣ޱȡ
ε
mնٿպһڵһ㣬ŲͭƵ⣬ֱϱȥҪʬΡ
ɷϱȻܣֻ˫һϹ漴ɫ·ɢһ󵭵âmȻˣ̧Ÿ߰ͷ­Լ
üһͷƤȻȸӲոǵϹӦþеˣӲƤô
mв죬Ųһ̤ˣֻһˣȴϱһ޴ͷ­ſһͷţĴ죬mҧȥٶȿզ࣬ʹmУҲֻһӰѡ
޴ͣ϶£m׳˶֣mΪ¼߽֮ףһı£ȻҲǲֻyһ뵶һϱҪ£ҧʵ͵סǿĳm˳ʮ֮Զȫûа취סΡ
m㷴֮ʱǻУһͷߴһɿĺڷȭһͷ׶೤Ľɫǣ֣Хһm
ӣҫŹ㣡mҧгݣ⼸Ǳľ棬صĸо
Īţܣܣһ֮
ãλֵܣʱǺնЩ

ҫ֮ܰУŹ䣬ǰ·Ҳûжߣο缲磬ϵĽɶݣҫһ𣬺һŴĻȫʩչṦ֮£ٶȱΧȦʱһ
ܰҫľʼձһ֮ڣʱ˿̵ڲϵĳȡڵܣȻʱľθߵʥ֮ҪǴ˳ȥܰҪôɱ֮ҪôǱ硣
粻粻ѧֻ͸͹ˣһͣһڵĽһץһѡһÿܰθ߾ĳЩ˻裬ҵֶζҪŪ֡
֮˼ЧΪڵ飬ûĴڣҲһͨķѣûʸλ֮С
ڰҫþס飬ܰʱĿס̣ͬʱǹ֮գڣһ̶ȵ֮£ľ磬Ҳܰڲǰⷢ֡
˵ʵڵģҪûĹЧܰľӲᵽʥֲͣķõҩԲĻȫṦ֮µİҫǰѾ֪ܿԶˡ
ܰкǲ⣬ҫٶȿ˵Ǳԭһֹȫǲܲ˵ǰͳ塣һϢʳڶ˵ķ񼱸֮£Ȼ˽ľ롣
;Լ鿴һµıǣûͣ£·֪һ㣬һǰͳ塣
ܽˣ
ҫԺһִ֦ϣݺһ̤һӡֱ֣һȥⲻϽ֮£ҫһһ㣬ɴܣÿ̤һһĻӡ
ǣļ£Σգ˰ҫУԺеһ֮м񣬰ҫȫǸŸоȥߵģÿα任ܳһصĸоֽһЩ
ҫ֪Ѿڲ֪Īˡ
ܰԼСĸϣǰﴦһҫͷҲصĺζȻ֣գۼֻһĻ£ȴǲӰ
ڽڱͫĲ԰ɫΣԵ쳣һ˲ϵĻ˫֣һŵƷĶС
ҫһ̤ڣ߸Ծ𣬾ǣȼգƾޱȣһɷ֮У˫һչһϣٿռ׹˫ƴӿ񱩵Ļˣݺݵĺڵ֮ϡ
纣·ӿ˷ϯ𣬽һЩ֪ӰԶԶĳɳȥһЩĽһģѵǻ˸£ճɽ֪̿
ҫվϢһͿţ԰ûоأ
~ҫ~~磡
һĽϴ£һٻӰѸײڶ춣֮ƣҫĻ֮УҫʮȦ֮ࡣ
һȣҫͷһЦСѾͷҫô
ͣŰҫţһֻСèĵĻص룬ˣ
续˼յԲ


ڶʮ ԽԽ
м˽ҫͷЦЦһƬ泩籦ʯ˿٣üӣʤѩԼδŨױĨȻȻѳ׺͸УýһݣԲΪ
ҫָ̧˸Դһӣͷ־Υ˵ǶˮȻ˫˫
ȣǸ˵Сһһû𣿡
ģīֳֽȣǺЦһƵģκëľϻƮ䣬һͬµģѩѱ̾£ײ֮Ƶ
ҫæȭһ񣬿˵ҫīϣ¡
겻ıȻǳѵõĳ˳ǣ˵ͷǻӦ˰ҫⷬٶīµע⡣
ȻҲЦǵϴôЦʱ˲أīж׵
Сһһ²Ȼ˹츳Ȼˣǽеءīḧֽȣ΢Ц˵ҫһ˿֮⡣
īʲôʵնǳ֮۹Ȼĺܣһ۱㿴ҫѷǵȡ
һһСһŰҫԼȴһüĿģȰҫҲ˶٣ʵѾʮͷˡ
פؾһʵھ£Ѿ޷˥ˣֻҪʵǿ繻ߣסò׾١
īɱŶʮͷò䲻˵ȱȽǣҲīµʵѩѱҲͽĽݷ򸾶˶ѡ
ҫոһٳǣǾƼ޿ޣīֻǿһۣ֪ҫʵŷ츲صĽ뵱սʱȫˣǿʮֹʵٸ
ҫţçһʱһŻͻͽīϼЦˣҫٴαȭǫ˵
īµ˵ͷصѵãСһúŬҿŶˣ͵Сˣһ˿ռɣ
īµЦһҪתȥʱǸ߸ߵϣһ춯֮
Ŀһһ˵ɱһɢżһ㣬αֱϣ˫ݺύ˫ƻΪ棬֮£ɫƵâɽĳ춯նȥƺֱײ쳣׺ݡ
ʮɱʮɽ
âƲɵݿ֮࣬Ʊϯϵ֦Ҷ׷ױնϣ£ִܴϣǱγһĵۣƲֻͶ죬ŨŨа顣
аĿұ죬еҪֳ֮ⲿа׺аȫܹãײϵѪԸȻаѡ
аʮÿһһϵɱʽƥ䣬ǰѽ˹޵ôɣʽǵǷ켫
аȻ뻤ǿƥʮɱ׺ݲб߽֧а֮ͽʵʵڵ֮
ѩѱ֮˼ɵ֣ΪѪ飬׷ɱԸ⣬аҲͬһơ
ֽ飬нԱɱײϹԸ빦ϵľ䣬ͷǱ̸֮ɫ䣬֮ɥĴڡ
ؿǰ׺ݿ񱩣һʰï֦ܵҶڸǴͬ·磬ʮ׽âѼնС
ɢ鶯;ףһǳɣûаˮ֮У߾Ѱ֣תĻ磬ֱǿǿ͡
Ľʮ¥ոա
ڽâת֮£һɫâ飬Ȼȥңƺ󾢲ãâδ鼸㣬â鸡֮ˣڹŲСĲࡣ
ߣͷ¶βҹ
һ˫һĶγһǿ֮һٻӰݺݵĳһ֡
ܰ龪ޱȣոհҫһʧȥټԼϺò׷ϣӭȴΰĵâԼֻܳԱԸʹȻǹɲ˵Ӣֻأǿǿսֺá
ֻܰû뵽ԼĶֲԼǿ̫࣬һɱ񣬲ɱвͷֽ
ȻܰʧʮâҲɢܰͻԴУת֮ʾҪлطֻٶȱĵâ֣δâѾС
ǧһ֮ʣۿܰҪâ֮ʱһӰߴܰǰҫڵཻ֮ʱѷǰս֮ϸֹֻڵʯ֮䣬ҫһ˲պøϵѾ㹻ˡ
һҫԼĵâǰյ֮ģκεѳ˵վ֮ҲֻεҪҵƣֻһ֮ʱȴīµķԸ
Сȫ
īµһĶ䣬ʶâ·֮ǰ֣аҲԽŨ
ϵͻȻһ㵣ԭӦеΪβзӴǰȴīסī´֮Ҳǵ˵ͷʾס
Űҫգ̻ܰǵûгԴŭԴһʡ
ҫܰôܰöһˣкǲ⡣
֮ϣǰͬԼܰͬǵĵƣҫüһ˫һڣ֮Ʒһֱҵǳ̫ͼۡ
Ųƣ
̫ͼζȻһת޾жĵƽһͿеâжܵβ档
âɢȻһʵϡãľɽȴһ˿մðҫܰŲµһ֮ƣɲǴġ
գ֮䣬ҫǰûһ˿Ĵڣǿж磬ζƫȥҫҲ׷̫ͼɢȥص֮󣬴㵵̧ͷһɰҫ֮гŵɫʡ
ͷӥԽԽˣձؽҡֱϾﰡīһֽȣʼձű΢Цȴ˾κˡ


ڶʮ īµŮʶ
ҫ˹һа֮ڲͣߣֱȥҫһȻݲаգа֮Ŀǣֻڷֺ֮Խа롣
Ȼ˵ЦһаƥѩѱݵҲϡҫ
˵ʵڣȻа书ɰҫȴ˿κεƫеǹ򲻷ֺû߲ŷƶ
аħ֮УԿ壬ȻжУҲͬΪһϣҫһֵĺƶˣʲô
ʿ浱ĿĻɽʱˣһΪɲ⣬ǹж֮ǺƴޱߣϢ·޾һ㣬ʵŽǿ֮У
΢΢̾Ϣа룬ҫĽе㾪ҫ뺫ĽǿͷģʱİҫĸоǣǸ֮ģʱձܳɴ
Ź˶ãҲ¶ѣжϣҫȫսԼҲδؾʮþȵĽ£Ҳ˵ҫʵѾԸԼȼĳ̶ˣʱδҲе̫ˡ
ҫͷ˿ܰ𣬹ĵСãǸˣոնߵ̫ίˣô
ܰ΢΢һЦҡҡͷʾްͬʱĿһɨǰҲʶǰ͵ѩѱʱ߳ʾ⣬Դһᣬ΢еɻĿ˰ҫۡ
ʱҫܰأҫȭһ˵£е£
ܰ£ܰȭ˵Ȼոտ˵ˣҲֲ˭˭ܰȻСǼˣеڻеġ
ǰ˰֣صçײˣֲ㣬ӦҸⲻǲŶԣѾͷȥ£
һһöɫĵҩܰסܰͷһʱϲȭ˵л´͵ܰٴлˣ
˵ͷīһۣ΢ЦʵСһľڼˣѧ˼
ҫ˫Ŀһɣ΢㵣ʶĻصīʶô˹ţֻ޵۷壬Ҳֻ˾񽣵
ʲô
ī˫ĿһɣǾȣһҫǰһ̽סҫţ̽룬Ҫҿ
ҫ˵ͷԭʶҪ˹ֿջأĿī̽
Сӵô겻ʮͷһΪȴѽӽӣ30꣩ĳ̶ȣ̥￪ʼѽӹ˵ѾȫСҾ񽣣ǷҪһֻĹȴֱй̥īһ΢Ц飬ȴƽҫľеˡ
Ƭ֮īջ֣Ŀ˰ҫۣ漴̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˰֣ߵ˵ͷһͬתȥ
ţҿŲŶԣСһúԺҪʲôĵرɸ봫Ÿң
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ī¶ȥķ򣬹ȭһȻԼǴ֮ˣҲʲôˣȻī¶ԼʶкǸпһʵΪԼʵѾܹõԽԽˡ
ʱҫߣסҫĸ첲ڰҫĶ˵ҫ磬˾˺أ
ҫЦЦһǸͦı˵Сӣҫǲֻƾʵȥģ˾˵ʶҲֻҿɲȡֻͨԼƴĶʵڣʵģô
ҫǰһûбأһƲƲֵ˵
СѾͷǱ˲أô˵أȴʵǱ˲٣Ȼòʫ˵Ŀȴøӳ죬Ӷˡ
ˣûܣλǡ
ڰҫͻȻܰһԿԼأоΣҪʱȴһ
ܰӣþòЦһк
㣬񣡡ܰҲ΢΢һЦͷص
ҫһ˵ʶ
ŮͬʱͷʵŮʶҲ˵ǲʶϼ壬ûдãҲѡ
ĳһգʹȻԼԷͥԺ˰ַֺɲɵıܰʱд֮⣬ŮкȻ٣ܰӢʮˣȻ˵ʹк
ȻҲʲôƲ磬һƴҹһҲԲŮôֵ֣磬ҲȥȰܡ
Ů˴ȥȰ˵ôŮԼͷ϶пܣ漴һڣ˻ͷ񣬵û뿪ˡһţԹĪİʱʮ֮ܰܣŮһ֮ҲǱǰӣ໥ãԽơ
ԼܰʶԵɼ򵥵˵һ飬ҫҲǲͣĵͷʶͺãʶͺãһϴû꣬ʱĻҰ
û뵽ܰҲҫһͬǰһ·ϰҫչˣЦ
ʵӲŶҵģޱδ˷һͬǰ͵棬һҲкôġܰ΢ЦصƲ˰ҫһۣѾȻ
ҫǣ֮˱ˣķӦҲϲ˰ҫɲŮòͶϣֱ˵һ£书ʶòҪôԼĻҫԼôܰһζԼľĲ˶ҡ
ܰ΢˫΢Цͣڴⲻͣ񣡰ҫɶȻܰõĸˣȴˣٺúʰ㣬ߣ
ʱֳպΣܰһصģڵͷ˼һֱ΢ЦĿܰʱʱƲ˰ҫۡ
ҫʶҪʲôεľ棬ȥǹ߻𣬶ŮԴ󷢣С£ǨŭԼϣǾǴͷˣҫԼޱҡ
еȺۣŮ˷ֺͬʱŮˣҫʹͨ죬ҲǱɡ
ˣѾͷôһأ֮ܵˣҲһϣ㼱УǳʲôôҫʵҲξð취
һ㶣˲ޱȣʵҫ磬ǵ΢΢ô
ǸСŮôˣҫüͷһ壬ֲõĸо
ʧˣΣڵϦ
ʲô


ڶʮ 飡Ļ
ǰʱĻɽżȻһ¿ͯͬķ𣬽Ůͯ΢΢
׵ǰ˵ֻĸݣǾǼ򵥷ζδɼңã޺ѣĸһ˫ȭͷ벻ݵսһãħȭĳƺš
ڻԵɺ֮£Ľݷշһ·Ž湦Ϊѩѱڸ߸ϵĴ֮һ
ǰȻ߽ʲôĶ֮£׷ɱɱɵĵرʲôġһеһУȻζѩѱӸλƽմҲһľľ棬ϧ𣬾ͺ˵ʲôƵģκ¶᲻ʲôȤ
Դ΢΢֮⼸ʮһյʼµɫʡ΢΢Ƿ»СĻ覵˫ÿμʱĶȻȻķϲԾ¶һ΢Ц
΢΢ദһʱ֮λЦдҪħȭ˭һǷԼӵĳȻʼЦˡ˶ʼһı仯òô
һЩӵж뷨ˣΪǲǳԴҩҲǲ¶ˣ΢΢׵һҩڵⶼһ顣
ˣҲԽ۰΢΢ŮȴΪŮһԴǻ谮мӣ㷸𷣣ʵǱĺܣҪϵժ΢΢ˣ
΢΢ҲԽԽϲԼӸտʼԼ΢Ц׷Լƨɺͷܣ˵ʲôʲôҪʲôʲôоů
ʹ΢΢΢΢Ļشǣ΢΢̫ܳˣԲҪ΢΢ˣ壬ɲҪ΢΢Ŷ΢΢ܹԺܹԵģ΢΢Ҳ̫ණģͳֱͿˡ壬Ҫ΢΢Ŷ
ɵӣԺҾû˿Ը΢΢ߣԺļң׽΢΢ԼļͷЦ˵ЦôȻôĴ顣
΢΢ܳԣĺܳԣʳ׵࣬ÿμ΢΢һĴʳúȤʳҲû롣
ֻǾ΢΢һĳһ죬΢΢ľ˾ٶʶ΢΢Ϊʲôôܳˣʻ˰
ʱ΢΢ڻ԰ˣʱСһɽ°Ȼһ֮£ɽƷˣЩŮûɵؼҺ׶һ㵡
ǿɲ͵Сɽռƽĸߴһſشǧʵɽ΢΢ɽǰͺñè߳ߴһ㣬èȴɵĽƷˣһʲôĸҲѹ׶ˡ
΢΢һµĽָΪ׻Լʱ׷ǵûƵý΢΢ӵ뻳УͣĴЦ
ܳԣΪҪʱ޿̵ģͬʱҲԴ֪΢΢츳֮󣬿˵ǽԼһı¾ʹ΢΢ͲûнӽһӵΪȥˡ
΢΢ڹʽ֮һ绢һһʽľֲ󣬶΢΢ʳ²ȥ䱾ʵҲֻԽԽǿʮ΢΢һѾﵽ˽ӽʮĳ̶ȡ
νͷеҲʧ΢΢츳ȴһֱͣͲǰʼձĳ̶ȡ
Ҳûйֽ£ҲûʲôõģܹһͯģȾûʲôõġ
׾ôľ΢΢ػ΢΢Ҳʱ޿̲ڸ׵Ĺذ븸װůǲůů顣
˵΢΢֮£ҫܰҲţ΢΢һﻰ֮ʱ˽ҡҡͷСǾãǿӦþ⡮顯֮һˡ
飬нġ
ҫһϸһ䣬ҲŮ׽ˣ΢ЦͷʾϿɡҫидĶ࣬ԼȻڣ޾ִڲһĸоҲµ·
ɲ˼ҪԶһУҪһзҪȥɣȥݣȥЩԼûиܹĶ֮һҲһ·һָо
ҫһ֮̾󣬽ص죬ʵѾͷ˵΢΢ʧˣôһ˵
˵ʵڵģ˵һ仰ʱ򣬰ҫĸеĪ˵ģжģģʧһ˵ô£ɴû˵
̾ϢһصһǰҸոճ֮ʱ׳˶أе΢΢Ѿ˿ֻʣˣ
Ŷܹħȭ״ˣұƵӶݣֿǿĿֲأ
ҫ΢΢һλѩѱĴ֮һʵ뾳ӦñīҲ˶٣Ľݷ򸾾ȻȻˣӦò˱ˡ֮ͬ뻯֮ˣȻϹžʮ֮һˡ
ţǵģҫ磬Ӧ֪޵һаɣ΢΢ڴ֮¡˫Ŀһ𵱳ĳʼһ˿ŭ
ҫ˫Ŀһɵ˵ͷüͷ𣬱쳣£ڵʲô򣬺ô
Ȼһ˫гһֱߣ֪װʲô⣬ôǰһء
Ƭ֣֮ҳĵҫһ׵ģڵɵЦѣܰ΢΢һЦо˵ⷬΪɷȤûԭҫҲôߵһ档
ܰһӹ磺޵УĻħеһУӵū۶ԷǵЧáĻħֱǻԵе޵С뻯ʬ޼
ţûܰüʶ㡣Ļħ˵Ϲľħ֮һ˵һΪһаΪǡһ㣬ʽȻֻжѣÿһȴĴ
ԵеԽȫĹɣΪã˱ɹ֮ͬݹǿһ㸯״ֲ޵УԿһǣ繷һɣԼƴӣֻҪԼ˲ɿءңԽһңȫǹһУӸתݣûһض²ʬ޼Խһ˵ʬȥһ˿ۼĴڣͬʱȥ֮ǰ书·ڹķԻᱻʩģ¡
׳΢΢ǶбʣŰԵħͷĻħɮ


ڶʮ ĻħɮУõ
ʮǰһʥǧӭһķU䣬һüĿɮӭҫһ̣ɮ˱ǧµִͷΪվ֮ʮվǱƺʩҲԶȥ
վΪĴƣͰףǫ񣬷ѧƹھһķʥɮʮ֮࣬ǹ㴫Ȼݣķ
ɾһλ˾ķߣȴһ޲Uʱһдһ˵¸صʥɮΪһŷɥħɮ
ѾUҪµľĻħɮΪһСɳֵ֮ʧھһյƣĻħɮǼ֮أǾ˵Ķ˵Ǿ죬֮ħһħɮٷ
ҹվħ䣬ɱǧ½ǧɮڣֺ֮ˣ֫ȫ
ǧ´ڵѪϴѪˮȾǧ걦ɲƬҹѪˮĵӰ£ԵɺɭȻѪ֮ɽͷվҲǶҹ֮У
ڿվ̤볾֮󣬿˵˽еһƬѪȷ磬վ·ħһ˾ɱһֱ߶ţ䱯࣬ӦǼֲŶԣԣͶˣˣ
վħĻħɮԴ
ĻȻȡĻħվ߱ɱһӵĹ뻯֮ľʱܹ֮ƥС
ɱ¾ڣվྭлʣͯϡ˶Źڽٽ֮Լȹ춼ָƣӶϱѧ˻Եе޵Уңʬ޼Ļħ֮ƾĻ֮һĻħɮĶ
Ļħɮħٴ֮ʱʮǰȴܹĲҰһ֮£ӴԺ󣬼𼣣֪ȥ򣬾ôƾʧˣʱֽ˵ɺʹȻҲΪ֮
ؿǰĻԽ󣬱Խأ˵һĻħɮ֮ʱ˸ɢһ˿ɱ˵ʱȻ
ҫܰҲͬһɫ˶ɤ˵΢΢֮󣬽Ļħɮ򵥵˵һ飬ų΢΢ȥмߣɢɢģ˭ֻ֪ڰɽʱĻħɮĻħɮڵһۼ΢΢ʱ򣬾Ե쳣˷ܣһֱ㽫΢΢סʩչ˻޵С
΢΢һ棬⧲±ãҲųڽʱţʩչһı죬ĻħɮʵҲСųϳԾ˿ͷҲ֪ô΢΢ͻģôѯʣʼղᡣ
ڵ׵ȫʩ£΢΢޴󰭡ֻǻ޵еаȴʼɢˣ֮ǰҲ˵ˣ⻯޵УԿһ˵ǣԼ΢΢һ̣ԭΪĻħɮٿءֵǣ΢΢Ȼܹǻ޵еа໥⣬ֻǣÿҹ֮ʱʧأ·ħһ㣬ȥߵˡֽ״̬£࣬ܽһȭһţŴ¶һһȥĴϺŽƷ
ҫüͷ壬ڴϵԲĸĹⲻ˻޵еаôĻħɮʹҲ벮۰ɣѾһεʵ;ˡ
̾Ϣҡͷ͵ҫ磬ĻħҪôñĻôĻħɮҲڽ˷ôˣĻаܲһʵаܣ޼ѰȻ޷ܽ⡣Ҫְֻ취
һ֣ҵϹҽĺˣŻҽɣͺͽ޵Уֻǣû֪ںδڶ֣ҲĻħɮԼ⣬ܣȻö˵֣ҲҼĸޱֵԭˣֻޱֲŻһ񻨣߰
ҫ˵ͷͷ˼һ󣬵ǵҲ˵¼߽ޱ֣ΪѰһ񻨣Ͳ֪ǲˡ
ûд˻ûд˻΢΢ҫ˵
Ҫô׷ħ÷񲣬Ҫôܲˣ־ݲУħ̾Ϣһһ˿˿ͬɫ
ˣô˻Ұҫöˡ
ҹʱ֣Ȼޱ֣ƬڵڱΣաһЩ϶͸⣬ǿԿõģʧȥ֮֮߳꣬ҫһˣǻ
˰ҫϤĺܣˣҲ°ܽһǳأһǱΪѩѱһĵһ֣
ҫ㻹ҳǰҾն㣬ѱҵ֮ܣ
һҫףʱһŭȣһеˮѣգ֮۳һ߳߱泤ο磬գ֮ԷԾҫͷе߳߱潣ֺֿݣֱ̰ҫͷ­
ҫΣ˫ĿһЦͰһôСһͺɱɣ
ʱڰҫһƬĽâ𣬽Ʊӿֱƥ쳣ͣĵͷһ⣬Ƿϡ
ý
ͻȻһǰŮӵòǲѷɫ٣ҲʲôƿɫԼһȻûгȫҲʲôͨͨŮܽӵµġ
ܰˣȻҫʵԼϣǣʶܵκ˺Լܣ˵ǰĿɷ꣬Ҳǿۡ
ۼ׺ݵĽƹûΪܰŮӣ͵ģһתƻ˸գܰĽƴƫ̼仯һɶͬʱһ󷭣ҫ룬ңңԡ
ҫһŮΧ㻹ԽԽȥˣȻ㲻ҪҪƤ㻹ұͷ˲ܡ˵ľͳһսͷڹꡣ̧һָҫмĺȵȴʱʱĳܰƮȥ
ҸᣬջոյĻҲһأ˵еɱһš
Ϊ˭ԭǶ°ܽȻսƤ֮δŰܰЦ֮ͬ˲
ɷҲҫεºܣѹһͷҲˣõʥŮµҲͰˣòŮӿϵҲǳӵұ֮ĴΣҾҪҰҵĽ֮£ݺݵһ̧ͷ
еŭ𼸺Ҫŷ۳ʵڣиŭ졣Դӵյһ֮Լʹ˼ʹûһ˿ľ뵡潣o˪ǽǹ˵ͻͽѾﵽʥڣʵ֮ǿ߳࣬ԳƵ̥ǡ
ҲֻΪ˳еһڶ񿴵ŮΪҫԳͷɶаʵ²졣
ҫ˿ǼҪҧģ˷ۣǰһ˵ָЦҪսҫ㣬ȹУֻҪҵ½ǣ䣡
ҫƾʲôڳԣĿһ裬ҧź˵ôһ仰ɼеŭ𣬼ҪѽʣǸûˡ
ƾʲôƾұǿõ𣡡


ڶʮ 
ҫһΪĿۣɱǿҵϢɱɱˣô˫Ѿɱ˰ҫǧˡ
ǰһ̤纮̹ǵڽɢɭȻĺ糱ˮϯܣںӰ£Χٽ¡
ֳֻܰͣа̵ĸӳɣҲܹһ䵭ǽʹɼ˳ĽʱҲû¿๦
ҫ˿ܲͣӿĺȻ۲ɢԴϿɵĵ˵ͷЦ£Ҳûţٰ
ҫ΢Ц̤ͬһѳȵĻ𾢣ͬڽӿ̤ʵ֮󣬻˷ӿȥеĺˡ
ľҫҪԸһеĺԱ˺ݺݵѹֱѹ֮һĳ̶ȣűס
Ŀ罣˫Ŀͫת֮ɫǿʵԵú죬ֱۻ𣬽ңָҫ˵գҪδܰҫҺӽ󣬸׳ƳһУκˣ
һգеĺع鵽е߳߱泤Уܶգ֮ҫѲһԶгһâ羪κһ㣬ֱҫȥ
ʹâʵʣ쳣ңֵı֣ʾĺԶʯͻϮûж԰ҫ˿Ӱ죬һУΪģƺеĻﲢֻ˵˵ѡ
ҫ˫Ŀ磬ɫĺͫűۣͫȻһɣ˶֪ҫûںԴ
çĹǱߴϢ˵ҫ磬̷һö絤ͫĿʧѾõͫɣҫ磬ǺøԵأ
вţǶ԰ҫ˫ͫȤҫʵжǿʵҲͬҫ˵Уû裬ΪҫǸʵá
Ȼֻ룬ѵãǿһԡҫͷһ˫΢΢չȻȭܵĻ±ջأ֮ϣһֱı仯
ͷסȼסѥֻգ֮۳һףҫλס
ʱİҫһ׵ĳ£ƣɵеĸоɫľâĻȼղңͶѤȻ׿ȥ͸ȴԵβƣҫôӲĽС
飡
ڽâ׽Ӵһ˲䣬һɳʯ񱩵ˣƱһϯܣž죬һǿҵİ׹ʶһ˫Ŀ˫ٴ֮˶סˡ
еĽâȫ׵ķɢ潣Ľû̴ܴף߳߱泤ô֮ͣ⣬̲ȥ
ܣȵı飬ʲô˿ɲһ㣬ֻĿɿڴݡ
ҫԶľ֮ϣ΢Цī£ֻʥѣ񾳵ףǸʲôﰡ
ǰ칹һУоôɣҫЦһ壬ɣһĻɢΣûһ˿˺۳֡
üһҲֻһϢĹѣȻȾĵĻڹûﵽ֮ǰǲأܳɹǺõģҷƽʱľǿ࣬أҫͷ룬Ǻġ
ʵҲǽһҫǰһ֮巨巨ǽԼļƵǹ룬η൱ڸԼһס
൱ףֲͨķܻ
۱ɳȥһľ벻ʣΪҫʵе𾪣֪ζʲôģѵԼĿڰҫǰôӦ
ٿŤһת˫Žһò֮ϣһŵڵһ㣬ٴηҫ
ǵأâһֶģķְˣӸ£â̼˷ѹҫѹѣƴ磬âһͷſ޿Ҫҫһ¡
潣أ
ҫ˫Ŀһ΢΢𣬽Ųһ鶯죬ÿһνŲ㶼պ뽣âÿ̤һڵһĽӡ
ֲγһּΪµ̫ƣڽâļ϶ش󣬴ȥ֮󣬰ҫֹסΣȻͣԭأƴûжһ㣬ô΢ЦĿţոغ
ʱ԰ҫΪģ̤ĽӡϿһƬһ̫ͼΣֲҲǰҫԴģԭŲƵзжԭҫˣʽϣǧ򻯣лãѧǻۿɼһߡ
ڶУҲ˹ܣ񣬺Ҫպûˡ
ҫѾûЦ⣬˫Ŀһɫâɢһᣬ粻սһ㣬ѹź
ԼʥŮҲҵģ
һеһߣo˪ʮɣӿڱͳʪںһһ֮ʣһ߳߱泤ں֮У˫֣ƽڽʸߣ֮ǰ߳һֹҫѩǴɱˡ
żһ㣬α˫âͬˮкһ㣬һʰâκ˿ޱȣˣÿһ̺һɼǿҵķ溮֮â֯·һɵֵĺֱҫ֮У汸ѷѹҫ
ܰн޿ƥУеİ̶ʱһֺݺݵסҪǰҫȥУɲʲôвУҫİΣҪġ
ֻǣܰǰսȴסԼβ˵ҪʵһУͺô
ǰı˫ʵʵĴڰҫ֮ϣƥĽҫݺݵĺɳȥ;ײһŵľɣһֱ׿ľ֮ϣֻѩ֣Ϊյ̫Ѫһεε¡
˫һأƽһڷϢѪo˪ոһľߣҲǿֲĺܣ֪һ£Լɱûá
䣡
·Ϊӡ֤е뷨һ㣬ҫһľмɽĲϣӦأҫǰȥ»ص˵ڣܰһŮеĹػ֮⣬Ա
ѹɱ֮ģܸоǣҾ塣ǣƱƱҫƣƣҾͶԺͣҲ룬ֻһУˣҪԼˡ


ڶʮ ۷ָ
ҫĽжǿھǿĴ£뱦絤ǿ£аĽҡ
ǸʲôϿֱ̫ۣܲשʯһȥ㹻ƶˣ̯˵ռɵķΧ㹻һʮɸߵСɽС
ҫ߽ӽߣӵаĽԾٶ־˲䱬Դٶȭ׺ĳǽһȭ򴩡ȭɱ죬ſѵأʵݡ
ҰҫĽֻǼǿѣƤĤؽڡ١򣬶ְļǿȡ
Ҳ˵ҫҪ壬䱾Լﵽĳ̶ȣҲ˵ҫӴ޵УǿȳܳܵļʱҲͬˣҲֻǣɱпûеǸǿȡ
УҫԳǿ˺Уڳ˽Ǹ֣ȻܹмȫΪɽȴҫһëû˵
ǰҫˣһаºüͷһ壬ѩѱһһͷΣɲǿģ汾´ڣ֮ǰоͿԿ볣ˡ
ȻͷΣ֮Ѿˮ֣ʵǿĿֲҫУȻǿһоҪ˺һ˿΢ǡ
ҫұ̧Ĵָָʳָָβֱָ׼˺˫ֱ潣һһӰ·ɴڣޱȣһ㣬һӰ֮ǰкľޣԲɣһһ߻ָŻȻ֪ҫҲԴС
ֻǣۺʲôĽǶȥܣоԼ㲻ҫָһ亹Ĵü¡
ҫʼնƲΪۺٶж죬Ӱѳ٣ʼûжֺһεķâ֮ѽ
Сˣ
ҫһ£һתһһһָâָⱬָâ壬ٿռ䣬Ƽ磬籼ף켣仯ͣ׽ָâǰҫǿѧ
ָâ޼᲻ݣ̼֮ܵѽµĲӰɢ֮ڲϵ֮£ʼձֲɢΧȦҲԽԽ***ĺΣƶĵطԽСָâҲй켣Ҳһãתȴʼָâ㡣
ǽָâ־Ʒǿޱȣʽj־񾫴ѷұ֮ܵ
֮ǰһֱûлῪڵĳأ̾Ϣһҡҡͷǰָâ֮£쳣ǱĺҲֻһ仰ݣǾҪӻܾѳɡ
ʵֻҪ䣬ҫҲͱˣֻǺĺʹ֪ԼѾԶԶĲʱ˿̵İҫҲ䣬ֻҧš
ϢĹ򣬺·ָâȫҫᶶ󽣽âһתеı潣ɣ̽һ壬ˣһѱ潣䣬һеķֻڵʯ֮䣬ع˫ǿտҲ
ҫұۻתСһ̧â켣һ䣬һأٴη䣬ƫˣŵ̧۷ĺһ亹Ϊҫʧ׼ͷ뿪ڳЦ֮ʱֻҫұۺݺһӣâں˫֮ϡ
ٿյɣâͬʱɢס֮ʱ˫Ѿ̧ˣ𣬻Դһ˿Ľʹ֮У˫ţʱҫѾȻͬ߷ֵĲʣֵĿ־塣
ҫôֱֱĿź˵ѩѱϣֻ˫۾ĹָܻϣѵӰ̣Ժҫɱ֮
ҫݺһɣ񾫹ⱬ䣬һ׺ޱɱӿĺһͣ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ㺫ôӣһٰܵ£Լò۷
ҫҲǵ˵ͷ֪ӵĺϷô֤˵鷳ǽˡ鷳ǽˣôһأ
ҫ̧ͷɨܣֵҡҡͷ֮ͷŭȣһĵϹ뿴ʲôʱ򣬶ҹ
ҫ˫һչ𾢻У֦Ҷͳͳٻ٣ҫһգƽ֮ܵϣһŮΧˡ
˵ôô죬ԭŵ˫İҫ֮ǰĻУˡ֪ĹûĹϣm˫ۻɭȻЦ
ǺǣԶʤĴ󰡣Ͻϣһ꣬ͷаЦֱĿܰŮһа֮쳣ԣŮҲǻһۣȻͬʱһЦꡣ
ţǸʹ˫ļһֱ۾⣬ǷˣΪǡŮӣܴʵҲ޵ĺܡֻʣҫһԶӮܴ󡣡
֮ϣһüĿ㣬׳˵񾫹磬磬ν׳ţⷢȴţҲǸһ
ܣܰãҪĸ
ǸߴĽҰɣ
õģǸˣþͺúЩƲŮĳˣܰһַžˣ򣡡
λ¼߽ܣرȭһʣϳmҪٴȷ
ߣһﵽеʶ¼߽ǰҫеԹҲ֪ѩѱˣ͵¼Ҹѩѱһӣȥɣ޹أmһƲػ˵
ؿ˿ҫҡҡͷǻشˡȲ˵ĹϵԼҲǶ԰ҫΪϿɣҪύοѩѱ¼Ȼͬƴ󣬵Ҳһ仰ȴģغ⣬ˡ
ҴˣǲˣҲ޷ɱǾˡոտǰҫֻԣѩѱһĸ֣ԭҲôСһССɢʿò£ǿ¼߽ܵİɣ
˵ֻ׵۵ģ̬Ҫ߰ж֮߰жԳص˺ǲмmʱ˰ҫеĳ棬ÿҫܣԶ԰ҫʵûж̵ʶ
Ȼţ֤˰ҫһȷȷʵʵʥ֣˳ֻǳ۷С⡣Ҳʥģmʥ۷壬ʵԼ߿ȥȫռŵģʶı㲻˷
ҫ볣ضһۣ֮ˣ¼߽ӦˡɵӶܿҫǿУһаܵУ䱾ʵжǿҫ΢Ц
¼߽ܵĴ㣬ҲԼǵ³Ǳذɡǿ˿ܰǣǿ˰ҫ
ʱһҲ˰ҫ˵Ķ䣬΢Цˡ
Сһǣҽﲻ֪νĹƨ¼߽ܣȫУҪйǣСѩѱúýôˣ
īµԭ


ʮ Ӿ͵ðܣԽԽΣգ
䣡
ҫһƽmɿ⣬ӿƥĳƾ£mʹ˫ŹأҲɵֵסǹ˫ڵϻĻۣΪĿġ
mһȣyؾĻȻתò׽ס֮ǰһƣ˫۷飬ѪҲҪǷӦðyһǣһҪǴʵˣǹɿֲԴһ߹ǡ
m˫һյһ壬ƽ˫۵ѪڰҫĻӰԽԽͻȻӰʧȡ֮ŭηӰһѹһһӿΣǰ̣ųȵĻ𾢣ѹ£mʼ
ƣޱߣ
¼߽ܣûеǿͷˮֹȻ㣡ҫЦ
müŭĿаyԽתԽңᣬʵۣ֮֮켣ѱէէᣬҫƶԳ壬mһԹأӵ쾫£һʱ֮䵹Ҳ·硣
ʵ
ƾĶһžÿһײӰıѣmİyĻ磬ᣬûһ˿ˮֻп֪ҫ಻ԽԽ죬ԽԽͣԼѾҪмܲסˡ
ҫƲͣȫûƵģûһ̵ͣЪ˿mִϢĻᡣǻ񾫴ľ˵С֮һȴȳ˸ָֹˣȻֹȿ͡
УܱѹƣҪ
mһʱħ죬µɱ֮ޱȣƽڽyؾȫʮɹת£аħҫӰȫɢһֻm˵еˡ
ҫ磬ƮƮmؿϣ΢Цı飬mһëȻҵĻһ£һ֮бmĺһŭ
ƣɽ
ؿڵľʹڷŰľmְҫԼԽԽԶԼеѪڲͣmҫһƺɣһǴʵˡ
mˣҲԣ¼߽ܴˣ̫ˣеͷΪԼĿˣΪԼҹԴ󣬸˲ʹĴĽѵ
һö֮ϣŶָףĿһƲЦѩѱһʵɣɣţ¼ҵϣһ᲻ɱ㣡
ǰ֮ǰаڵϣһʮҪѨһ롣
㼫׼˵ڵλ÷ֺ˾ͺ˴һ㣬Ҳ̶ãϵğo˪壬ڵѨһָˣֻ̯һڵϣ޷
ߣɸǵһֶŵĿǰЦѵ
֮ǰֲһĻһ޷ǣҫֻ˵һ仰£սǾɥˡ
֮ǰİҫֻһţûôƽƽһţûۣûƣûκʽԣôͨһţȻڵǿֱӽľ߶ˡӾ𾪲ѡ
һ㵣ûлع֮ʣԼĴ类ҫһķɣԼײʩչ˼ֱֲԼĶ磬޵֮ƵӰ˲չ˼ҽ棬һգʧǰ
ǰԼʵŮӣճŮӣȻӻҪ׺ԥԼ±Ǹųƽ޵˺֣˽ֲݣǿǿս׺ޱȵıһݸˣһǸŮˡ
һʫŮӣֱӱԼߵԭΪԼ˿ǰԷʵǲпġ
ֻһУֻһжѣһ棬ֻôŮӿУһƬ¼һнһôڵһˡ
ȻɱǣǣҪĽѵҪģ
һһöСʯӱУ漴ָһֻоһӰʯӶ壬ǵһɾɣľϲͣĶ
һ죬ǵڵǿϣͻأĳһǰһĽӡֻҶɢȴӰṦ꣬ںţǶľṦ˭졣
˲ܿ죬ٶ϶ԣ¼һУԼĴ綼磬ӰĿ죬һ㣬ȥӰǣˣǾǰĳء
һ۳УѷɫԼӣӦûпһ˿ΪԼϵĽˣȶԷϵĵҪࡣ
ʱܰڰ̵ĸױս˸ƽ֣˭Ҳκβ˭ƽɫȻ˲˲һʵҲʵʱüֳʤˣҫȫѹסmӮʱӮҲ֪ʲô
ҫ磬ҪˣŶޱֵĵڶԽҹԽΣյأԱˣְɣ
ܸҫԴʣǵ˵ͷʽһ䣬һֲĵmеİyɣһһ壬Ƶľƾmɳȥ䵽ǰ
mѾҫһлɽˣƣϼˣһأ͵һѪʼձˣһӣһ׵ĺɫ籴зɳ磬ֱױ󾱴Ѩ
ɫڻױ֮󣬾Ȼһ㣬һͷһͷֱױһѨλһһ㣬ͷʹױһŵĴѨ
±׻˫ĿȻ漴ǰһڣڵأİʦϣױνĽľͺֽһ㣬һ֮
һУ类ص֮ڣ漴촽ᶯԭ΢ŭܰε̾˿ͷߡ
飡
˲Ӧ䣬أǰڰҫǾ;ףĪľϡһֱ죬ṦһɻХû˷֮һŵ壬֮£˲һֻϳС񣬺ݺ׹ء
¼߽ȫ󣬿ô˵ʵǰڰҫ˵ϣҶҲûʲôɱģƴ֮£Զ˵ʵ߽Ҫ˵ģ׵壬mһҫС
⺦ˣҪ¼ҵû仰ôҫ˫ֻ˵
ܽˣmۣȻ̫࣬˺֮ٴmǺѪ˵һƬֵܣݺݵ˵
ʱ㣡
ڶһһ֮ʱ±صֱߣһֻѪɫĲ԰ƣ±ץȥ


ʮһ ʬ볱
ʬΪ֮ΪʬὩḯǳǳڰҫǰľ󣬿˵ǳʬĳõķ۷飬˵ıһ˿亹ðҫ
һżһһߵۿ沼ݲ԰׵ڻǰƶû촽һڰ߻Ƶݱ¶ڿ֮Уһһ̱ǵĸζ˵ıϢһһӡ򵹵ز±
ǰһʬһ߻ᶯߣᷢһֺƺѿʬ˶ܷǳȷһѾõʬΪͷǹ֮һѿڴϵһıɫҺ塣
˶ܽˣʲôû׶֮ͽ˾ռߣҲûʲô棬ʲô׵յأҲո˵󣬲ϼ֡ʬ˻ǵһμδ֪ɭĿ־ˡ
ҫ磡סҫѾ΢΢Ĵ֣ҫ˿һڣƽһеľ
ҫˣǿƥҲˣӢ仹ˣδ֪ĿֲĻģһʱһһȣѲ⡣
Ѿͷ㲻£
ҫʵı쳣򶨣ǰʬȫΪ˵ŮӼһĻҪôгҪôŵ̱ڵϣͺʱǰ㡣
ţû֮ǰ֣˾˵ЩʬԸҵİӣҲû֣ˣĻ˵
ҫ˵ͷʵʬʲô
һֿ֮ܵܽаһķŽд̼ʬ»˳ʳѪһеĸоǶʧȥѰʳֻԻ⣬κλⶼԣ˵Ļ⣬ϲ
Ļҫüͷ߽δţδҲ룬ʬʵ˵
ҫֺݺһâʵʵĿʬؿڴƷڵأؿڴĵ쳣Ŀġ
ɹһԿʯӦáʲô
ǰԭʬȻһ󰡰˻ʬձһ³˫Ȼһţ˷ƵҫȥƺҪҫ̻һ㣬ʬ˵ԣҪҫ̻
ҫ磬ͷ˫Ŀ΢Уѵ
ҫ˵㣬ƺ񱩵ĳƾֱӽʬͷ­䱬ɫҺһأʬͷأȽų鴤һ󣬱㲻ڶ
ҫеıɫҺ壬һգǳȵ̼佫ɫҺǹɳĸоʱʧΡ
ʱΧһţ±յѨ˿ȥ˲ص˲ܣҫܰءmΧһȦŵصʬ档
ǿƲͷۣļͳ̶ȣȻԿɹƵֲηûʹУֻ֪ɱ¾ʬһֻ޷һĻͺܲöԸˣҫŵʧȥͷ­ʬ˵
ţҵԸʱǿ˺ܶ࣬ĳɰɣ˿ʬü˵
ҫʵжԱȣʲôŽвöԸأʵ
ǰ̣ԴԴϣûһ̵ͣЪϰɣҫص
ô׼ɣ̧һָ漴ᶶڲԶһӵĺ¡ǧڱһ㣬ҫĳųصָȥ
˾£һţ죡
ҫһȣmҲͬķȥûŵϣԹԵŰҫķԸȫһ
޾ʬ˻ţ糱ˮһӿһɺӿƥɵĺһſžڱʬѹ
ǰʬͣˤʬȹʬûа취ȥóǧ򶼲ȥݣǳַʽѹ˴֮ľ룬Ѳ֮Զ
𶯵ƵԽԽ󣬼бѵĺۼ糱һʬǰ˿˵ԵüΪСѹ¼ҵļĲѣŲͣƶ
ҪˣܷɢսǵʵûֱֵӾͻᱻû̫ˣ˴ңҫͷҲصĺʱʬԲһ֮Զǹѹҫ亹ͣĵ
ҫ磡
ס磡
Ůͬʱסҫߵ䣬ҫֻ΢Цһͷ˶Ůһۣûµģң
Ůһۣƽҫ˫磬ϵ룬ͬʱһֻɰСƣס˰ҫıģ롣
ҫͷһm߳ҫ˵ͷҫҲǵͷʾ⣬Σʱ̣Ҳ˲ʲôԹ֮ĶˣȥʬûҪģ˲ҲͬʱһҧͨmıŽд
ֻʣ»Բѵ±˫۾⺫Լŵ̱ڵϵ˹֮£ҫڵۣľű˫ĿѪ˿һƬѾҪѵĸоһʵǲ²졣
ҫվλҪӭѹһɽѹȳҫ˫һһȣ˫ƺȻ񱩵Ļ˫ķӿʬչҵײ
ʬһ˲䣬ֻеһΰǿѹ˽ŵȥ˶ǿţλİҫǴڷ˼֮УһڰҪҧ飬ɼš
ҫ֪Լаֵиˣһ˲ͻᱻʬûҫܹ޾ʬֻȣīµĳ֣īµĹܽǣīȴٳٶδ֡
ʱǴӸӵĽǶȥʬͺһŲƥһѼмʬֿߣûнҫ˰Χ˵ȥ١
ڰҫǰʬѻɽڰҫʬͣǰײӣڳۻ£ƵõԽԽԶͬҲԽԽʬûоͷʼճˡ
Уܲˣ
˲һ߸ԾҪƲˣȥǰԽԽߵʬⲻֻǳ˴ѹͬҲѹˣ˲һܲסҪߡ
ҪһУֻ˵еˣ˲һͱѣϵʬȻŰҫǰѻ͵ʬɽ߸֮ʬӿ𣬺һͷǵص¡

飡
īαˣһаӿƴĳīµľȥīǾޱȵğo˪һߣаȳ
ī¿һ۰ڵ棬ɫ԰׵ֿһ۲ԶӿʬҧЦվʦĽǾ˰
ī̧ˣСѣֵһᣬֵһᰡ
īµǰһɫҰף˫ĿаӿɮˣڶааЦš


ʮ Ų
ҪʣµĶң
ҫһȣҲ˲˲޴ľٶ׷׶հҫ˵ģɹı棬ʣȫһԵĴ˰ҫ
ҫͻȻйɱƵĸоٲͷųԼҪһ㣬˲ըķѡɲһһֵĻ룬лʱģһȫȥҫֲ޾ûӴ˲ըѾ㹻ˡ
̧ͷ纣ĻʬΪɣԴԴϵȫ˫ۻԲת۳Σһɺʮ籩ǰʬͳͳƷ졣
ǳ̫ͼεֱȻŵĸǵʮԶľ룬ǿ׺ķ籩һһ㣬ⷽԲʮڵеʬͳͳ׷졣ǶѻɽʬҲ˲ɢ֮׷ɣڵĲҲ׷ױ𣬿ɼ֮ǿš
ǳҫŲƣĹע£Լҫȫʩչ˵ǿǰǿ󣬱ǿʮֹʬǻľȫ޷ΰһ
ҫ˫ǰת漴һתֱ۷תͣͣʱΧʮѾһƬûκĴڣ涼ǹͺͺģеﶼѾҫŲƸƷɵʮˣҲ˵ʬĳһԶĿյڡ
Ȼʬٶ˵Զľ뻹治ʲôرԶľ룬ǵٶҪɰҫˣҲϢĹѣǶڰҫ˵Ծǵˡ
ҫ˫һצŮֱۣżһ̤æڵҫ磬Ҫ֣ޱֵǽϲã
ҫ˵ͷͷһ뺫֣Ȼֱ۾⣬һṦڣҸողδ״̬ʮ㡣
mץס±·ɣṦõ˲ѾҫǿֲŲͬʬľ֪׷ɵʲôطȥˣȻҲ˲
ҫ磬ܰãù¼ҵˣȱס˵
һż㣬һȣԶӶȥҫܰһۣ˵ͷ뿪Ƿ֮ء
ҫͷһԼŲУԭڵĵطѾʬûm˵ĴҲݺݵĴһ
ƬҫƽĿյأʬӿ֮󣬾ȻûֱӳǰϮ֮ƣ̤߸һһ㣬лۡ
m±֮ϣͣķɴʱʬѣһֻʬɷץס±Ľף¡mһ죬ȴֻĿ±ʬû
һ·ɣṦʩչΪѣ·ͣԾͣʬҪҲ£mϵоյԶյأʧڴ֮С
ҫСѣǸԶи鷳ˣʬҲģסǣǸϽߣҸС֮
īµĴܣ˵ĶУҲ֪īΪʲôٳûиϹˣԭΪҫȥΣˣסīĸ֣νĴ鷳СˣҪ鷳
˲ͣĽɶݣϵʬϵȥذҫˣɽ˽зˣȻҲ˶йıʬķ˶½أҲӦڲ±ĺ󳾡
ԼĪһ֮˽µʬſʼԽԽ٣ɼʬʵǾ˵ĺܣˣֻöٹٷΧˡ
ҫ֮ǰޱֵĵڶԵѾǳˣķɴܣѾʼޱֵķΧǧ޺еһ㣬֮ΧȦǧһ㣬ǧȥһܻųһ㡣
Զнûʬټܰżһ֦һľϱȥڴʱһɫ˿סСȣһ٣׹
ܰüͷһ壬а̳ʣͿ˿֮ϣֻ˿еĻҪͣ԰̵棬Ȼ֮ϣ΢졣
Ȼܰ״̬ʮ㣬ҲǶϲ˿֮ǰ߳ɵĹ˰ҫʣɵĹʩչṦڵ½£Ȼţġ
ܻ谵У˿ܰ֫סɶߵİ֮Уö֡ڵֻ״Сĳ౳֩룬ܰ·
ܰн౳֩˶ޱȣ֩ȣ˰ٱֹȴûи̫ܰǿҵѹΣոУӦ겻ޡ
âٿϮܰ˫ϵ˿նϣöʮһжܰ˫ϵ˿ҫһһץסܰļ򣬽
ϵĳ౳֩ƺԼﱻߣϵ˿Ҫҫȫ³Ϊֻͣǰҫ죬ûбֻ౳֩ɹ
ҫ磬Ҷˣվһ֮ϣӣ˵
Ҳе㣬֩ӦÿԳ԰ɣҫסܰ˫ĿŹĿŵϵ֩롣
磬Щ˿жǶǳֻʣɹҶܺӦ겻̫ޡܰü˵
˻һۣ֮ͶݺݵĿͷ౳֩룬¶һɭȻаЦݣ౳֩Ҫҫ˲ΪвͣҫҲͬôġ
һ֮󣬰ҫ֦ŷۺɫ֩⣬Ǻ濾ţһ߿⣬һӣԺһƬĴڡ
Ե޹ʳֵʬīµĴ鷳ڵ߰ԼĻħɮΪʲô΢΢ȤЩһһѵ⣬ۣʼеκˡ
ˣԴҲ벻ʲôȻ˳Ȼܻиˮʯһ죡ҫ˦˦ԴЩ߰뷨˦еһɾԺҲٹ˽ĶŮʼ˹Ϣ
ҫ˹ӣ˾߶һ൱һӽǣԿľһֺʵõ
ãû̫ˣֻ΢˶ѣҲûѣϵѺҲȫ˹ָڵʣɣȻӲmǵڣҲǲյģеҪѽ
ҫĿ˹Լ״̬Ȼ㣬ʣԷ˲Ҳֻ˶ѡ
ǣǣ
һ֦ѵ춯ҫһ˫ĿܰҲͬʼ䱸ڵУһ米¨ƤҰףͨСڰҫ˵ǰ
˭һ԰ҴģȥɣҪˣʦ˽ˣɱǵģ


ʮ ׵ˣ鶾
ޱֵĵ㣬Ҳһ㣬һգΪ޵á
ȻΪԵʣҲŵȣҫĳ౳֩룬ĹԵˣҫ˼ڽʣɹȴɿԽǰƤǿԡ
ҲΪ̫࣬޵ʵβ룬һЩĴڣ౳֩룬ҫ˷ַӾܽ㶨һЩǿĴڣޱĴһЩޣҫ˷ַӱǸ㶨
ޱֵĵ㣬ռطΧԼжʮƽʻΧޱĴĺɫɭ֣ޱ־ˣΧȦڶ㣬ڶ㵽㣬ٵĲ㣬ǴȦСȦͺһһ㣬Χơ
˵ޱ֣㣬ҫҲ൱廨һ㣬Ҫ಻ж಻ۡҫǰȴ˵ʦĻ԰ǰҫ˾Եеˡ
԰ʲô˼޷ҲǴ帮ۡͻеĵطԼ˽˲ҵأֻԼġǣޱֵĵ԰԰ж󣬾ֻһƽҲĴڡ
Ϊ֮ǰ˵ˣ޵ã޲ǧ޲֪࣬ʵˣȥ޻ء
㵱԰ģҪôǸӣӻˡҪôܹͨ죬Ľ˾ͽһȼĴߡ
ⶴֵ߱ĵ֮أͬҲһ֮أκһĵرڽĪĺ䶯
ҫڶֵ߱ΧȦҵͨ汦Ǿ͸˵ˣ߰񻨼ĵرв١
ҫǰǳһҰɫƤûѪɫһ㣬Եòġһ˫ˮһ˫в̫ĶУʱʱžӦҲһ׹ӡ
̨֪ôƺʦţҫȭһʵ
ҽʦ˵˵ţҪͷҵġǾҵĻɣϿ뿪ôʦҪǻ֪ǴĻ԰Ļܲ˵ģ߰ɡ֮ٴҪϰҫȥ
ҫߵǵ˵ͷصֵܣȷͻˣ֪ʦĻ԰ΧжӦôĸ뿪أ
ֱ뿪ͿˣΪʦĻ԰ɦɦףľګĻص
ʲô
ҫͬʱͬʱǵǳʶˣʲôĴߣȻܹаޱֵ㣬ĲӦҲǽӹ˰ɣôҲδֲе˰ɡ
δ֪Զֲģδ֪˸ǿֲ겻ǿʵĻôеʦ˵ǿ߱⴦׵ء
Ҳ˵ʦӵ޵ʵĴǸֲĴڣҲͬˡ
ҫܰĻ֮󣬶һǿԿ϶ʦӦþǵĴ֮һ
֣߱㣬Ĳ㣬ѵǸˣͷ
ҫһĻʵѾͷ˵ʲô
ûʲôأҪʱ˵һˣޱǶҪСĶԴˡֻǵǲʦǻҪ֪΢΢ҡͷص
ҫ΢΢һôͲҪ˵ʲôˣĽݷһĴڣֻǲ֪аȻǺãаôԼҪรˡ
ҫ˼ܰüͷԽԽˣҫǰ˼ǰ󣬶оԼ壬ԽԽԾ
ܰҲԹ⣬ҫԹֻڸоԽԽܣʹʼԽԽ𵴣һֵɫĶȾţѹƣڵɷɫĶأ𲻵һãסصϮ
λǳ˳౳⣿˿Щ֩кʵ
ҫһ㶣֮˵ͷ΢΢һЦߵüͷܰǰЦ౳ڻ԰ļܵͣȻ̸ʲôЧǷڣвСĺôģѪĻָٶȵȵȡҲСЧɣ
ôЦеĿܰ˵ߵһۣڰ̵Ľ֮ϣ˵
ҫͬʱܰǰ䵲¶䱸ɫȻǰ޺ǣ֪֪治֪ģյ֮УôСĶΪ
౳ȻСЧأбף౳жأֶˣҲ޷ѹƵģǱ˵Ĺ죬һθᱻɶطнҩⲻ˵ģǶжˣǵѿʼŶ
ʼձ΢ЦҲҫĽ䱸ɫ౳׽˸ͬʱָָܰҫ΢΢һ߱ȫȷʵһ˿ǳķɫأߡ
˹ҪȴⶾأȻȫûзӦ˿͸һ㣬ȫ𲻵κεá
֣ҫոʧˣԴ˶˽⣬ɷǽ˴˶ҫмк񱨣
ҫȭһ΢ΣȻոԼʶľٶǴ峺ˮ˫ĿǿһĶ⣬ԼС֮ĶȾ֮ˣҲͬ뷨
΢Цͷɦɦף˵ܽҲǺ񱨵ģֻҪ뿪ʦС԰ͿˣǸ԰ǵָô
һﻰ䣬˫̯ҫͬʱͷִϣ漴˵ֱһۿɼĵɫ壬֮˫֮ϣƤڡܰҲͬˣɫرڡ
ҫ˵Ķس֮˫ǰһڣĴɫĶػֻ˫ĿһգһȻǷɫٴڡ
ǣǻҰɫƤͻȻȫתΪɫգ۶ʱֱصԭķɫһ֮˫ۣ΢Цſˡ
ҫܰͬʱüոյı仯˶ȴʲôã仯ɫǣֻĿһʵǧһ鶾ӵߣ԰ɣ
㿴
ɵЦŵ˵ͷǳˣܰһ˫ĿҲʲôΨҫһʼձʵɫ
鶾壬һַǳصʣ壬ܴ°빦һǧŶĶ򶾲֣˵öĽҲӵеʡ
֮֡ɿأˣȴΪϡ١첻ɿأ˽Իᵼ¶ԷжһʧĿԡĶ԰ɣ
䣬˵ͷ뿪ڣȴֱͣԴһƺ˼ʲôֻʲô
ʦոմܸң˵ܻӭͣҺúýӴǣɦźף˵


ʮ ǧС԰ڰʲô
ҫ磬ǽߣȦ𻷣Ӧоʮˣټһ𻷣ͿԳɾͰˡƤƼףѰֺηˮͣȴ»գƤ׵Ѳϡ
нߵǿǼЧֻȡм֮һԣʣµ֮ضģܳԣ

㣬Ǻ˿ĺ鶾׿Ǽ˿ֲĴڣлĿǡһͺǿЧŨһ㣬̼ܸʴĸɸɾᱻʴɾġ
ֻҪﵽ֮飬˿ɼ룬ú鶾Էٽɱ䣬ɱ֮ʵ֮ǰǿһࡣ˿룬׳ƺ˿Ϊ鶾׵մ˿ԶǼǿˮѻ٣Ѷϣϱ˿Ҳ˶٣ô˿룬ոɱ뿪ˣǱأ

ܰ㣬СģҪǶ仨оޣҪףֱӲɵģһ崥κһطо޻ͷųһɫζĶ壬ʴǣ½ɳմŶ
о޵ĻŲСõģеĶԲʳ˵ǣ⻨ĥɷҩɵһȱʧ˷ãֲܹǵҩأ

ʱҫޱֵĳһһ·ϲûͣͺ˵Ļһ㣬ֹ
ֱһƶ⣬һоû֪ģʲô˵һȻǵҫ˿۽磬ǰСֵкøС
峺ˮ񣬻ÿʵЦݣ浥Ը˵ģûбȾˣѾˣ˵ɵֻ˵δһģǷǳѵ
ʮδ꣬˵Ӽ¿ʼѾޱֵĵˣ˵ԼʦλʦָģԣҲǵĻνƴӣ˵ʲôʲôָʲôʲôɵĲˡ
е֪ʦ֣ԼСеʦְʦ𶼷ǳ۰Լ˲׼뿪ޱ֣ԼÿʦΪõҩ壬Ҫ׼ʱ׼ĺȣǸʲôԣҪʲôʲôǱĲˡ
ҫ˵֪һ֮󣬾Ϳʼе㻰ˣ˵ʵڵģе뷨ӦҲ˶٣ʦʦǿܱġ
Ǽǽһֻޱÿνҩ壬ôЩ۰ƵĳʵϱпǱģϾбѰ
ҫ磬ҵ߸ʦ֣ƽʱô߶⻨԰֮ҲܻܽȥģǶԿ͵ĸܵһ㣬кܵĵطǣൣŶε˵
ҫ񣬴ĵ˵ͷǲǰȻѾеעסˣҫ˵һ뷨ǣҪɾ˰ɣ
ʱ·̣һø߹⣬ʮɿĲǰѾϰ⣬ҫе㱻ˡ
ڰҫ˵ļʶޣûôһֱ׵˵ѾƵǾˣҪȣЩҲСѡӾˣǵİеˡ
ǰƽһɵĻɫУŰҫ˵һ׿ߵڣƺʾˣžޱȵľʵж졣
Űҫˣȭһ΢Цǣӭʦפͣ˵УǧС԰

ңȻ˵ðЦīµʵӦѩѱڣĽݷ򸾵Ĵڣأ
һɮϯϥһ£ƺ˹ˣ˵
īҲùɣ
һ˻Ƶ˷ֲλãɮֻ΢΢һЦҡͷ
ɮǰһձڸǣֳһīľʹȣ·һȵߣӺڰֳ߿ʱͣٲȻһҩҽӣӦû˶òŶԡ
ǣɮȴ׵ĺܣǰߣȵԽأʵԽǿ没ٲ޼Ѱ֮ύʮԼδһ
ֻ֪߱ŴɴͷҪȣصĸҲӵĿֲ
ˣҵǷ飬Ҳǻ˸ɾӽǻǷɮĻص
ȣȣõĻħɮҲкҵһ̣ô߿ñһԺֱԵüΪϬ׺ݡ
Ĺ裬ˣȻһֱ͸㣬ǣ˵ʵڵһ治̫ĽӴʹˣʼˣҲԷٰ
ɮסīµˣҲףҪ°΢΢ˣͬҲλպյĻħɮ
ϻƣĻҲͲ˵ˣʣǳʵϣܼ룬㿪κвʣһɽ׼㿴Σĵ˵
Ĺ裬ˣһλ
ǰͱװͿˣ׵ģ
͹ƶҪߣô·𶷼һ㣬ۣ޵а֮ײš
ҾܾأҲ֪ҿҰ׹ˣϲָֻŵģĻħɮ˵
˵ˣΪԼãǾͷδȻĨһõĿԣһ֣ɱһ٣ɱֱĻħɮȥͬҲһ֮Կ·硣
һīɫĹȺݺأڰĿռУʮѪ쳤ʯϵѪụ̂һ˦֮£˦һѪâ
ʱʮѪɫ٣ͬʱ˦ӿ񣬾ͺʮñ޸ͬʱ˦һ㣬ħɮе·޴ɶ㣬ֻд׵÷ݡ
ħɮһⳤ٣һ˫ͫ׶ȻСԴȣʲô˼飬漴Цֻ˵ѣõôļɱô
һﻰ䣬Ǹɿݵһ̧˦ħɮĳȫٿͣסʱͣһ㣬֮գ֮ȫջؽĺڰ֮С
ϻƣϼٺòȻҲ׼룬ıӸλȻǲ˵ʲôҪҲᣬ˲ĵģ߿˵ñڸǣɳƣֱһض֮Уѷֱò䡣
߲ҹܲţֻҪ㲻ľͿˣһ鶾壬һ˳ԲµģֵһɣħɮɭȻһЦЦݣ˲
˫ĿӿħɮۣЦϹ۹⻹ǹʮ򶾣ȷǵոʱˡˣʶô꣬һ֮ķϣͷһ
ȻҲϳұڰеĶʲôôҲӦֻ֪ռСͷѣͷҪŶԣӦûɣ
Ȼ
ںߵֲָĺڰУһŸһɣߵѪ΢Ķţڵĸϣm˲·ɣ˵壬ĸš
ǻתԼֵıԿǻŵġ


ʮ ԰ṹĴʦ
䣡
ҫͷһѪ˱ɳʮɿ⣬ס֮󣬶ûعһ۵ߣһֻɿݵƣôͻأĳͷ֮ϡ
Ǹɿݵƣᾣֱ͹ƽɫ֮ɫһɭȻĸоһֻƮƮĳûƷ磬ûۣҲûκԣôƮƮġ
ǣһڰҫУ·һ̩ɽͷѹȥһ㣬һֶ㲻ֵסĸоȡʲôʩôҫӦûᱻһĳ࣬ݴʣࡣ
У̫ˣѾͷ߳Ų˶ˣǱҪ찡
ҫн˫һڣ·תŲ˲ͣޱߵж֮ϯܡԴӰҫг֮󣬾ʹûʧ֣ΪֹûͻƹŲƵǹж֮
ǣʱ˿ǳ̫ͼݵǰֱͬ裬ȻͼĲһĵĴѣʵʵĺڰҫؿ֮ϣ
ҫµľʵݣըҩըľֱӽľʵ棬ߵľУֱ׹档ָ߶׹أ԰ҫְȥӲ֮ҲҪˤǶϽۡ
ټϰҫո뻯ֵˣѾˣסʱ׹صǹɳ׹ԺԱɣķѣƴƴ
Сһͦ˼ģʥڵľ磬Ҳˮ׼Ȼƶ⽭һŵǰ֮УԹԽ򶾾ԪҾ;һΪͽ򣬲ҳ֣ĸ߶֮£ɣЦ
Խ׹ԽİҫǲмձɫӨ͸Բ飬ЦϹʺ㣡ҫŵµԣɣŻңϺͿ
ȥɣ
ǰҫһ֮п˵Ϊյһ̣ʮѾӸλ޵ڵһļƤ񡣲ڣΪֵܣҫĿԲҪġ
֮Իᵼصһ̣Ϊеǿ򶾾ԪµСܣ

ǰҫܰĴ£νǧС԰֮ڡ
ҫˣһ̤֮Уҫһ۾ϳǰǾķƵ
ҫ˿ܰŮ΢Цӣ˵Ҳİҫ̧ͷһüһžȻпյģֻйһƵڣֱϵ񷶥ƽ档
һԲƵǷҡֱϵģС԰ҵĸ߶ȣƵĹҾͲˣҫӦҲ֪ġ
ҫ˵ͷƵڣŵһ󶶶һųϢ֮󣬷Ƶһǰľðҫǰһԭǿл԰
۴һƬľ¶ľʽṹһƬ֪ж񣬺һͨÿһľڶľʵ֮ڣᲽ룬ڵ졣
ľʽṹĴϷֿǰĴһƽݸ̨̨ĴһϺɫͭҫŹĵâ
ԾϺɫͭ󣬰׿һſľᣬñȽԶƺŵһ㣬ȥʡ
һ·죬֣֮һƬҩζ˾ܡҲһ·죬ֳƬԼԼ֮У΢̹է֣Ϊ졣
ڸߴһɿ񷶥֮ϣͬǿգһƬ֦Ҷڸǣͬʱһſõҹ飬ֵǮĵʯһ㣬һƬƬ̿ǰһյͨ
ҫ磬ǰƬľλʦֵסԼЪõԷʵʦǧС԰ҲǾǰ͵ģ϶ʦʦڽύĺѣԿͷҲ࣬ҫǿѡһЪϢһָԶľᣬ˵ҫҲǵ˵ͷ
˱߱ĽܣͶ֮䣬¶һԺ˷ܵɣǰһܸױȵĽ
ʦʦƳ桢뵤ҩĻ̳Ļֲ󲿷ֶо綾һЩ綾ǻͷųģĪĺòҪŶҪι۾ͽңţЩȫգǰ֣
һָ̧Դҫ΢΢üʵʦλʦ֣öĸ֣
ǵģʦʦһı춼˶֮һǣǲǴа֮ͽڽпǾģÿ˵ڽеΪֵ¼ҲǺģȻһֱ˵
ĻҫƣҲƣ΢Цʾ⡣ֻжλʦ֣ʼһķ飬߽࣬Ĳడ
ҲλʦµĽأҲ֪ʲôҶ̤㣬ԸģҫҲҪ룬Ļ鷳ģ
ҫ͵͵ͫһ԰ɫУֱߵ֫صҲз෱ࡣ
ǣܹ죬ΪǵһЩеĶҫĿѣпʼ䱸֮С
һƬʦס֮أ˴ʦ⣬˭ܽǽߣػ⵽ʦϳͣҲǽأǸҫҲͬģ
ǧС԰ʦ˴ģʱòƳλʦ־סʦǶʦֵܺܺõģ
Űҫˣľȥһ·㵸Ľǰһʱһ䣬ӹԶҫüһ˵С⼸λѣɲҪĴ˽ʦļɻ䣬ʦҲס㣡
ҫüͷһ壬ǰ껹ǹĮģȻûʢˣֱ뿴ʬһ񣬻΢á
ʦ֣ڰλҸսʵĺѣʦҲ˵ԴǽͣҾʹˡǷֳŵգæǰȭ˵
ҫҲͬȭһ˵°ҫɢʿһֵǵ߶ˣ̨֪մ
ǰҫʦ˫Ŀ΢У΢΢һЦЦݣ֪ΪΣһɭĸо
ǣҫ֮ͬӿ
ڽҲСȻǹͣôСҪúýӴǣС԰ڵĽһҪ˵ðҫͲˣ
λʦ˵̤֮ȻԾ˽ʮ׵ľ룬ʧУʱҲδ
ǿĸо
ҫλʦ뿪֮ǰԷԼʱоȻһ޼ɵС
Ƭ֮󣬴ʦһѪɫǰϥأ˵μʦ𣡲֪ʦкηԸ
ţպΪʦҪ򶾣λʦܶҪóֵ׼һ˿Ĵ֮ģ֪ô
ʦģǻ߾ȫʦ򶾡
ãȥɣҫᣬΪʦаţ
ʦֵͷǣ뿪ת֮󣬱쳣Сʦʦǵʮϣ㲻Ҫʧ


ʮ Ƕйˣ
ŴʦȥҲεҡҡͷŰҫһЦ˵ҫ磬ʦ־ģһֱκ˶ⷬģΪȣҲػġ
޶ֱۣڶû򵽾磬ѨͱͬҪϸСڹ±룬һӶдɾ͡Ǵʦֻ˴ϵƵҩΪϴ裬䶼ܣҫǧŶ
ҫ΢΢һЦʾ޷һԵʵС鶾ʣӦòܻνѨϸСŶԣҿô
˵ͷߣ̽o˪Ǳľ֮УһƬϮüͷһˬһǾգȻʼ
Ƭ֮ջ˵ͷЦأѨȷ󣬹СʱʲôˣŻᵼ¾İɣ
֮Ҳƴĵͷ˵Ӧǰɣ¶ǣʦģǰļģҲʦʦǸҳģǶ΢ҩҷãҸʣẦҵģ
Ц˰ҫһۣҲֺǺǵļȥľᣬҫŲ磬˵ĬȻ˵һȻܹ׶Է˼
СʦʦйǱоģǲСںҫߵ˵ͷָ˱촽Ҳ΢΢ͷ
ľ֮ʦ֣λʦ֣ɱǴʦˣǵûԣҫ˵ЦԵüΪѺá
ǣҫȻᣬ⽭·ûߣİҫɲǵո˾ŹɽŲ뽭ĳ磬ʦ̸Ц֮࣬еһ˿֮ɫǰҫ׾ٵĲ׽
̬Ѻαƣƭ浥ȴƭҫȻҲƣͬѺá
ͨʦʦָҫĵһӳʣλʦҲӦòʲôƲ磬ҫĬĬ˽ġ
ʦΪҫ˰źס֮ҫ˶һᣬҫĽ¼Լ˵ⱲӶޱֵĵȹûµҲ쳣ĸǡ
κʦԷҩΨɣ˻ȥʱǸı飬ҫжСܵٶеΣͬʱҲһҪĸо
ʱҫڲֹһ˴ڣܰҲڣҫñͫɨܣȷϷԲû˿֮󣬷ĵĳŶŮ˵ͷ
ҫıͫʱ䲻ͣĿ֮£ӷΧʼԽԽԶıͫԲһʮ׷Χκ¶ȵ˵ΡʱʮӾȣǿʮࡣ
ˣ˵˵ķְɣѾͷҫ˵
˵ͷص֮ǰ̽СľľѨû˵ôǵϸСǳĴִͣǳͬС֮һҪһ㣬ҫƶҪѷһأ
ҫһ㶣ԼҪѷɫ⵹ʼδġΪӾ˵ҫҪͬǿ࣬ͨǿġ
ͬС˽֮һȴǿ࣬ΪǱѹᴿģÿһǾޱȣһֿԵ˵һãš
ҫС֮һĻǿԳɾԪġȻҪ鹦ڱ絤ı׶ЧҲܹĿģҪܲסɢɷ˾Ͳ˵ˣƻ֮ǡ
أͱԼҪСϼ꣬ȴԼҪĵرİѹҲãҲáĽǰҫΪ֮ݣôһ˿΢ĲƽС
Ѿͷ˵Сʦʦйоģںôһ˵ҫǲƽһţʵ
ΪС澭Ų̶ͬȵĶأֱ񱻷һεڣֻǿһװСͨȥͨңֶգģΪģüͷ΢΢ͷϰԵĶٴγ֡
㣬ϸôֻǰҫܰȤΪҲû˵
˵ͷּ޽ϵ㷢ڵȣС鶾壬νһĴڣȻö˵ľ£־ѨϸСôȫܣӵʵߣ侭Ѩһһǿͨ͡ıǿӵȾʱǿй֮޲ѨϸСһ˵ǲܵ顣
ΣСҪǱʲôʵĻ΢΢ǰôʳʲôݶҩ֮󣬵¾խ⣬ȫпܵġ
ǣС鶾尡򶾲մĴڣҩ˵ֱǲƷ鶾ҩӵߵģκζҩֻкôûлΪʳʲô£ѨϸСһ˵ҲǾԲܵġ
ôų㣬ҲֻʣΪˣǧС԰߱Ҳֻʦλʦˣ
ͷͷǵðҫüɫ裬ܰʱĿɿڴֻһ뷨ǹ˵ˡ
㣬ûпСĳҸɵأܰ˵Լеʡ
ӦûԣΪС˵Լû򵽾磬Ҳ˵Լ״̬ôô֪ԼѨϸСģֻ˵ģô˭أȻҲʦʦ˵ģСûƭǣôҲֻԼʦʦǸƭˡ
Ϊʲôˣȥ𣿷ȥƭΪԼľѨϸСǸһжĳΪôҲܺܺõ֤ˣûдҵĴڡַ⾭ֹҩƭľٶǱͼ
ܰƿԣûʲôˣͬʱָоԼݺݵѹһͷòȫԷܰоԼԽԽûиȥҫиԽԽ
ҫ΢Цǰḧ˸ߵԴ˵СѾͷô
ӣС΢죬ͷʵҫ磬Сʦʦǿ϶ǲ⣬Ҫôأ
ҫ˫ָ̾Ϣһ˵֪ΪʲôСܣ뱣סϧһд۵ıסǾͺú̽̽ǧС԰İأԼ߸ʦصʦ𣬵ʲôĿġ
΢΢һЦסҫĸ첲˵ҫ磬ģ˵ôôûŶ
ҫһЦٴԴܰҲ΢̾Ϣĵ˵ͷҫһۣȻܹܰ顣
ծǳ˺ѽҫ


ʮ ҹ̽˭ʬ
ҹת֮ǧС԰Ĺ߿ʼ𽥻谵Ҳʾҹ١ȻС԰ڿ˵ϲ죬²أֱһԳһСһ㣬ʱתȫͬġ
ܵĹ谵ָֻܹʱľУӰֶĳٴȥ
ҫĿƬɢɫӫ֣ܰһ飬ǵķƬĻ̳˱·ҪҳǧС԰Ĳ֮ء
֮ǰķȻͷͷǵҲֻǷѣҪ֤λʦʦǷľϲ⣬Ҫȷ֤֣˵ֻ̳һЩɸ˵ܡ
Ȼǧ򶾣ôطȻǶݺᡣȻСҲѲסŮܰɵóʮֲͬʱܶ
ŮǼҴҵޱȻ׼ļ֣Դ˵ҫֽɢʿ¼ҹˣȻȡ
Ȼ԰ҫڵԸҲǺƤԸǾԲںЩģͲΪ׼һС
ǰһƬѩѱرƶɵıܶƬУγһεıܶ壬һеĶԴﵽٶֵĳ̶ȡ
ڣһӰԾͣٶȼ죬ҪӰϵ֦ҶмٷɴܣٶȲޱȣͬʱҲûһ˿һ춯Ӱ֮ҲΪ
Ӱһͣһ֦Ҷϣ֮ǳһʮأҲֻǰѴ֦Ҷѹ΢ѣ˵ȴΡȻȵ
ⶫǸʲô˵λʦֵĽأΪ˸ģ
ӰԳݣҫֲ̧ȥ̫Ѩϵ亹ƽһеһ˿˿ľڵĲԶһʬһȳһյǰŲš
ֻͨʬĻðҫеⶫһΣһȺκ˶ϰ߲ھ塣οҫʬټʬǲκεĴ
ȻҲͨʬǰֽŶǲͣ䶯̣ڻһȦȦʬҫûбŵúëֱĶӣѾǵ綷ˡ
ҫ֦Ҷϣ񣬿ǰ߻εʬľС·߳Լ߷ΧڣһƬɫӫ⣬·ǧөУȻܼȲǺܸߣҲ᷽ܿԲʮڵ
֮󣬰ҫٴԶɶݶȥú̽̽ƬĪ֣Ȳ֮ǰǾ߻ʬ
ڸսƬʱ˷ѹָУ˰ҫע⣬ȻָоرǿңҲӲҫĸ֪ƬһЩǿĴڡ
ȻѾһˣǾ߻ʬ֮ľ⣬ëû֡
ʱ֮󣬰ҫһƬ¥֮ۡǰ¥һƬռزСһƬԲοյ֮С
ҫüͷ˵ʵڵģƽԼ飬Ƭֿ۽󿪰ͬʱλʦ֣ʼԽļɵӡ
˫ͷ޺ʨͷ߰ˣʬޣָι״ĻֲƬ֮УҲͬʱڰҫԺи֡
ҫɶ˰ʱң˽ʮ·̣ûпһֻ̬СèС󣬶˶ޱȣԵüΪɲ
Ժŵ˵Ƭڵ㹻ɵС˻ЩҲǣһЩҫеһ˿޵ΣոС
ǣôΣգҲΣղǰƪָۡѹļ£Ƭ¥ۡı󣬷·һž޴ħ
ҫһڣ˫Ŀһ֣ͫڱͫУ¥ڿһûв԰׻̬֡
ֻﲢû¶ȣҫ޷¥κĴڣҲǱͫΨһ׶ˣû¶ȵ޷ġ
ҫżһ㼸Ծ¥¥ûκε춯׽շת¥̽ȷûһ˴ڣȫһƬõ¥
ԣҵĸо϶ʲô˲õĶڣٿɣҫ
ͻȻڰҫ¥֮УԶķƮƮĴ򿪣һ米޵ľ޺߳ǿնľ˫ۣۿյȣ΢ͣһ¡漴תⲿ¥ݣȥƺѲ¥
ǣmҫ֫չһֻڻһ㣬ȵĶոշŴ򿪵һ˲䣬ҫʶ˫ӿԼԽı˹ȥ
ֻǴӷ߳һˣʵüѣԷmԼԲϴǴʱmȴָ֮ǰȫͬ
ڰҫĸ֪УmûкûʻҰɫ˫ۿնԵúľһ˿ĸϢ
ҫке֤ǰmѾˣһʬʵʵڵʬ
mô
ҫһסܣֱһһ㡣֮Ϣ֮ѽ¥ΧϢٴ̽һ顣
Ṧǰҫ뺫ʱ򵽵һŲƲżⴥأ̤ʵУŲƵжԭӴʱжȥȻȻľһ˿춯ش
Ȼm⣬˲ģûģˡ¼˶ˣûһģʬǣ˭˱Լʬ
ѵǸʦֻλʦ֣󣬱ϾǧС԰ǵĵطЩ¼߽ܵʬȻǳǵֱʡССνĺʦʦǣɶһȺ˲¹ͷĶħ
ҫһ䣬ص棬һг˼һǰš漴ԽԽ죬һ𣬽㣬̤֦Ҷȥգ֮ʧ
ڰҫʧһ̣¥֮ϣ¼߽ܵʬ뻮һĶŰҫȥķǺնľ߶۾ֱǰ
¥֮һֳīɫľʹȵĺߣ˼񹦰Пo˪Զ^񹦣ҶҪˣ
ٴͿ˼ΪɢΣ¥е¼߽ʬҲٴλָɹۣ¥Ѳš
ʱ󣬰ҫһ֣֮ûһǰȥװһ˯ŵй̬
񣬾ֵ̽ѰҫȫԿ϶λʦ֣ԼλʦǴа֮ˣаͲ˵ˣпܡ
ֻǣڻܴݾߣһУҲţᱻ⡣ҫ޷벻Ȼȥܰϣȥǵ
ҫǷϺɫͭĸ̨ԵԼûϵĵطҫҲûе̫ãͼϲɫΪ˷ܵԼܰҲͬһüɫ̬
ҫ磬иϢŶҵ߰ˣ



ʮ ߰뻻
֮߰ƣ˵ҲȷУ߰Ч٣Ƕ˵ЧһĲֵ
߰ɫ߰꣬󣬸Ĵָڳ껨֮״ڳ껨֮״ʱŻγɫ֮߰״
˻оǣ޸ҵЧҲ˵߰Ǵҵ˻ֲָȱʧ֮˵⣬ûбʲôЧˡ
ûϴЧûǿǵЧҲûдЧ˵޴ãֻһȽϺÿȽĻѡ
ǣΪһݵЧŻ˻֮ƣϴ裬ǿǼЧĵرǲҪ̫࣬ûģЧõģЧģûҲгǧ
Ȼڽкɳһ˵ϡ֮Ҳ޼ѰЧû϶ǴͬС죬ҲǿһЩصЧ絤ıͫǰ㡣
Ҳ˵һĵرȻ࣬Ҳٵϡеĳ̶ȡǣڽУ߰޸ǵĵرǿָֻ֮ˣƻҪ١
νϡΪǰȣûǿΪ֮Ч߰ԵúˣΪѰΪȽǧһһ̶ȡ
ȻֻٺϡУ»֮ơڽһЩųϣ䰮ͽӣΪǲȫմҲʱз¡
ʱЩνܹΪʵĵرͲҰˣΪԿڣûá߰һݣԵˡ
һ¶ԼĶӶΪǲȱĳ¶ϰ䲻ɣܴ²Ǹ޼ɵᵱΪ޸顣
ܹ޲ǵ滨ݣûͷᱻŵΪǿΪʵĵرǲȱȱľ֮ٵ޲ǵĶ
ΪԣҪԵø翣֣ܽ޲ĶȻ̫ࡣ
ʱҫǰСм߰·绨֮һ㣬ܵĻݲֻĵãȶҪѷɫ١
߰ҲѾ죬߰ɫֵ㣬ҫˬͻȻöĿ̨Ҳú
Ѿͷɫľ޻˵ô棬κ΢΢֢
ҫԴʣ˵ʵڵģҲܸоǰ߰ǲ֮ĶĿԽ޲һǡ
˵ͷصǲᣬ΢΢İΣЦ˻ЧӦԷ顣˻ֲʧСʦǻб£Ȼܹҵֲ֮ɹֲһ˲òأ
ҫʼ磬ĻֵıȽνдССԼһ師ز¶ˡ
ͱ˵ԼǰʦţĿɽׯҲôһ֣˭أ˭ض
ǰҫ磬⻨ժǲժأ
üʵ֮ǰѾˣҫеķ֣Լʦʦǲʹˣ߰ҲǱ˵ĶԵҲԵһ㡣
²̫ðɣãΪ͵ȲСʦʦƷϾ˵ǵĶ񻨣ӦҲǻ˲ٵĴۣôкժߣȥ̫أ
ܰüҡͷ˵ĻҲмֵҫҲͬΪȻȲ۶ԷǶ񣬵С͵С飬ҫǲмΪ֮ġ
ǲãΪ͵һõǡô˼ҵĶΪˣҪҲôкɣ
һԵĻﴫ˵ĶУҫһת˫Ȼ£ܰḧڰ֮̽ϣҫͫ͸
ֽ䱸һ΢Ц꣬˽Լ˾Ȼûһ˷֣ɼǰ΢Цȴ쳣꣬ΪȣҲǲָߵ͵Ĵڡ
ҫ˰֣Ůջؼƣҫȭһ񣬿ʵ̨֪ôƺ
ҲǿĻһʼմ΢ЦҲɱ䣬صһ֣СĶʦ֡ظ±ǽλ֮㣬ҫɣ
ҵѡ֣ҾͿżɽҲͲˡ߰ҵдã֪ɷ
ҫֱ⣬Ҳֻ΢Цҡͷ˵Ȼ֪߰ôҲӦ֪˻ļֲֵļѡҿǻ˶ʮ꣬þѪ˲֪ĵرŽ˻졣һҾҪϣ᲻̫Ϸ˵㡣
΢Ц֮бһ˵ĺ⣬ҫҲǲֺͬ˶һҫٴοڵ˵ǰҫͻˣ˵䲻Ļ˻ҫ־ڱصãҲֱһ㣬ҪҸʲôſϸ
˵Ҫҫһأϸһô
Ц䣬һϢɱӰҫı֣˫Ŀ΢УΪ£ҲЦˡ
ܰŮǣ֮ɫǴʱǶ˵񣬷·һͷޣڽԼҲĶʦ
Ҫ嶯ֻǿЦѣ԰ɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦְ˰ڣʾŮһȻҫûа͸΢Цı飬һĪļ¸Сָо·Լ˵ʲôͷ
ҫ˵û±ȽϲЦʲô֮¸λˡ
΢΢ȭȻɱ䣬ô˵ҲڣҫҲѲãŮĵ˵ͷԭǲ֪⻹Ļ
ʵ߰Ȼף¶Ҳûʲô̫ãҲֻΪͶѣֻҪҫܰѰͨݣ߰ȡȥΣ
Լ߰ҲȷãһЩȼ۵ĵرҲ޲ɣͨҲģ߰Ҳвһ֡
ϣ֣سŵ
ҫȡͨݣУ˫Ŀһɣе̰һţһ٣߰ϣС
磡
ҫ磡
ŮͬʱҫԥľٶǶе죬ϾͨҲһЧǷΪĵرֵϡе߰ҫɵóŮüѡ
ҫͷҲصЦ΢΢ȣͨûôҪ
ҫ΢ЦӣͬʱһеĻԷ߰ҫУһɱаľҫʼձ΢Цھľһߣ̼佫а⣬̩ɽɱ΢Ц
֮ͨǹϵĴϮС˰벽ͬʱֱڵľգüѡ
ҫ֣ù
˴˱˴ˣ


ʮ жˣ
ҫе߰ǽεĻɫıǵ㣬ǻɫ뻨㣬֤ҫеһ䣬ƷûбеҲǰҫĵģʹ
˵ʵڵģֻλʦֶûʲô̫ĺøУȻϲ¶ǰҫʼնǱһĽ䱸
Ĵʦֵʦ֣˵ĽӴϿԿ˶Ļ̥ǿҫ˵֮жһɽΪԵɭȻ⣬Ͳ֪ʣµǷһһѡ
ֵ֮飬ҫˣʱҲˣҵȱطЪϢˣҫ˵
ȼ۽ѣ̸ʲôģҲûҳԿѽֵҲ쳣
ڰҫȥ֮ͣԭأЦʧǰʱ󣬰ʦ֣Ҳ֪ӺδƮ䡣
Ҳҫˣоô
ǿĺǿѹסһ𺣵ķ֮УĴҵĿǣӹ˵һҪѷһʦֵУҲֻдʦܸһϸ¡ѾûЦݣü˵
޷ʵǿΣôˣʵǿĸ֣ǼĻôҪУҸĶô
һĨаЦ׹磬ڵӻһ̣ѾȾȥˣպ㱻ѣҲᶾ
Ǻǣܺã

峿ҫڴ֮ϣ麹ͣð£üͷ˫Ŀգϵķɫһ֮ɫȫɢһ֣Ũɫ
ҫȡ֮߰ûʲôо֮ҲûжģԻط˯ȥ
ֱ峿ҫ˹֮ʱͷԼ䣬ڶһɫأԼжˡ
ɫǿȴѲƹ֮һ㣬ʼհռڰҫڵԵ·һֻǱĶߣʱпҧϰҫһڡ
ӰҫɶأѾȥһʱң񹦵幦ûһͣתȴɲܽ˶ųһ֣ɼɶؾʲôƷ
ʱҫķŻ򿪣ܰһҫǽͷö̬֪ʲô£һҫߣ֣һһҵĴڰҫļϣԴԴϵҫڣɫ쳣ࡣ
ҫ磬ˣüʵ
ţˣȻĵ߰ĸϴ˶ҫ˫ĿգЦ
ȻǴа֮ˣõľЩĵֶΣ磬ȰѶ֮ȥúýѵܰﾡŭȻ֪Լҫˣǿҫ£лʶȥģȥƽ
ҫ΢΢һЦҡҡͷҲ˵ʲô֮ŶŮءǣ˶Сɫص
۳һɽѹȵļҪų֮ʱɱѹȳһŵĶأȻֱӷֿɣֱ˳ܰߣٶȼֱҫ˫ϵֶȥ
ãˣ
ҫ˫Ŀһɣ񱩷ǿľ۳߿ȼյţֲڰҫϵ߸Ѩλ֮ϣ籩һ͵Ļ𾢽ŮֱӵҫһȻһʰһ죬񱩵Ļ𾢽ըķ顣
֮Уܰ˷֮ѪɷӿϢҫȫﾡ飬һƽļֳ֮ɫɢ
ҫֱɫɷŵɫ֮ǰǹɶϮŮƣΪ˲öŮԼһж鼱֮ûס¾񹦵ȫǿֱֲӰݸΪƽء
ɼʹˣڵɫȴûбȳȻڰҫڵԵҫһ޲ߵĸо
ҫ磬ʲôˣʲôô
ڳȫγѵĸо˵߼УȫԶڸ
ľԴ
һԼҪ˵ı죬仹˭ǿӵ鶾ʵô
һȣգ֮ߣҲܶԷץס죬Сһ㣬ҫǰ
Сҫ˯ߣй䵽̳С˶˽ⲻֻܿˣĿһת˵¶飬ֲֻᡣ
һ㵣æסҫţҫɫʱһȣǴʦֵ涾ҫʦֽˣ
ҫתո¶һ¿ԿӦԼĴ㣬Լÿڳʵԣ´Ĳ֣һĻԡ
ҹй仨̳֮ʱʦֺʲôɫ֮¿ĽһЩ־ʧҲûдʦ֣ȥˣϲŷԼд˶
ԭˣûµҫ磬ܽ⣬İɣңµȻֱܷҫеƭ֮⣬һɫͷ˵
ִסҫţǰһ𣬴ҫڣҫӷϸСȴɢһ֮ɫ
ɫؽӴ֮󣬾Ȼзһ㽫ⶾ廨ŶӲɫգ֮ѱԼڡ
رȡ֮󣬰ҫʱоˬ˫ĿһⲻԾת״ָ̬á
˫һչһųǹ鶾еɫڵزɶʵŨңҲҪһЩʱա
Ƭ֮󣬶Ǿȣҫڶؾ״̬ȻõĲ˵Ƕ壬͸Դҩһ㣬Ȼ״̬ʮ㡣
ҫ磬涾ѱȥͦյģʮĸʱҳֶ鷳ĺܣʱٳȡ֮ʱĸĹдġ
ҫһ㵣涾ոҲ̹ˣȷѲĽǣͨĻǻС˴˶
ⷽǲСмң˵˵ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ܰҲͬǵͷ
һЦܵҫĿޣе㲻˼˵˶Ǵʦֵĵ֮ж߻ᱻɶһ㣬֮ڣһܽѹȣ򣬶ػᷴϮˣ°Ҳͬж
˵Խ࣬еԽ࣬ͺ񻨶俪һ㣬ţƬƬΪѲһ˶ʮĸʱ֮Ҫ⣬͵ý𣬶ɵ˺ǳ޴ĸ𣬹ͣͲǰصģп٣Ϊˣ


ʮ Сܣⷢӣ
գĺգչͷ
˵֮󣬰ҫͬʱһĭҫ涾һ£ϵԺٴĻôҫĿڽӣصĿܵһΪΪС
ҫĨһ亹ľ֮࣬µĶ֣쳣ʹзģֻҪһлᣬҪӦеĴۡ
ҫ磬ȻѳҪ̱Ԫһ£ȥõҩ㣬һŶ
Ҫȥȴҫס˼ͷʵĿҫҫҲ΢΢һЦ˵οǶ㣬ȥһѣȫԳƵǾ֮ˣҫڴлˣ
һ£ҫſץסƣȭϣ΢΢һһһҫľٶŵøæǰȥʧ˵ҫѽ֮ͶǧСܲİܲܲ𣬲ģ
һ㵸һ֣֮еĵ֮⣬ȫǳģҫܰ¶һֻĵ΢Ц
ֵԸЩܹ߽߶թĶǵˣһֱ֮С
ˣҫжػҿ鳤㼸꣬Сܣôҫ΢Ц˵
еһԼޱ֣ǧС԰ѾʮˣƽʱλʦԼײβʦ⣬ûнӴˣЩҪȼ˻Ҫࡣ
Ҳ֪ô£һۼҫʱһֺ佻õĸоֻǸոʶһѣǱʶ뷨ȴĳ嶯
ҫ磬ҡ
Ǻ£С㻹Ӧ֮ʣһͳĻӲĽҪĻȥ
ʱ԰ҫΪģ֮ϣֱһ֣λʦִ߸ͬķλעŰҫˣ˵λãƺһֽҫ˵·˵˼
λʦ밲һ񣬹ؾصĸԼλʦ밲
˸Եͷʾ⣬ΨǴʦһ֮ɫ֮ǰĻҴǱϿƺҪϰҫ£Եúܲð
浥ⲢɵֻԸ볤ʱĲʹȻѣȻܹԼλʦ֣֮ǰǾ仰Ĳ֮С
ֻûôʶĽʦֵĲ֮飬ڰҫҹ̳ڵĴţҲĿ˵ʦ֣ҫ˺ܺõģҫ˴ʦ֣Ҳ֮٣ʦԭҫһΰɣ
һͬʱüһʦǸ߸΢΢תɨһȦƺʲôŵҲô΢Цš˶ЦԽʹԽŭ
ѩǰһѾ㹻˵ˣԼ߰ϵ涾Ѿˡ
ȻģҲֹһ˵ûޱ飬һ䵭Ĵʦ֣װϲģʵը˷Ρ
СӣֱǻˣҺҲˡҵĶգҪʦжݺݵ
֮ԼΪףþʮ滨ݣľѾ򣬲˵һҵķ
Ȼҹָֻ׸ǰСķһֶҩȻûκãͱȥҲ˵һ֮ǰˣӴ˶ΪĴʦ֣ôܲŭ
ߣԭҹ㣬ҹһʧϣվǿͣҲҪúóͽһ
ʦֺףݲѣ˸߸Ծɫ**֣ÿ񱩲ѡ˫ƾӸ˳ƺϢ׺ƾɽһ㣬ҫͷѹȥֲƷҫµмһԣֳͺͺء
һ־ش󷨵ĶתʦǶأʦ֣Ц
ϣҫʵҪʦһеĽӲ£ǾҪЦˣʦ֣˵
λʦ֮࣬ҫ̧ͷڵ˫ƣкǲмǲҪҵĻѻⷢӣãҾͳһмＸ
ҫ˫һᣬڵľתӿƥ𾢣Ǿ׳б˫ƲƣУֱӷƶϣ㴿ԹʦֶԺ䡣
˫һԣһǿƥĻϯܣûΧ˽µݸɢɿֲ֮£վվȣҪûסĻͱ˸ˡ
ʱҫ΢΢ھһת˫ƾ˲һŭ˿һĴ𾢣ѹʦ֣ɫ**ķ顣˱ݺ׷ɣʦܣĿɿڴ֪롣
˵УҫӦûᱻǵĴʦѹƣƾжǾǲܷ£û뵽˻ûŶãʦһϢ֮Ͱˣһܵ˹ɴ࣬ûµ
ߣֻӦûѣСҫˡʦһݶ֮ϡ
ʦݶ֮󣬸ֶȥһеģʵȻǷڱ˫ڱһɴ𾢰ͬʱͷһѪӿֱǿ˻ȥҫһֲ˵ˡ
۰ҫУȻʦǿ񱩾Ҳ൱ϵľʯǵС
ǰҫһʡĹͲԷټһĿֲվŲʦִ򣬹ƶ˲˰ҫ١
ҫ֣ǿĹǲ֪ʽΣֽˣ
һֱ΢Ц䣬һգ֮ҫǰĲ˼飬ҫΪ֮̾
ָֽɿָӰһƬָٶȵޱȡָƥһа֮ϢȥƸǹֱ꣬ҫȫĸҪ
սôҪҷ㣡
ǰһ׹ܰеİ̶׼ָӰݺ䣬âʵʣҹյһ£˸һƬɭİ׹⣬㼫׼ָӰȫɢƵòС
Ǳܰһųһ亹ոԼҪյ㣬ֶ֧Ҫܰˡ
ܰҲʲôĻᣬһһأ磬âֱŶȥĽâһǰʵ޻һֱ룬Ƶòˡ
ҫжʼٸߣܰɲе㵽ֹһ˵һܰʱ𣬳Ȼ֡
ҫҲţ˶һۺĬĵ˵㣬ԼĶ֣ҫһսĴʦ֡ʦʦ֡ҲҲͬսʣµˣԭֻһŮ֮Ҳûа
һͲûŵʺǾ籼ף缲İһѣͽؤ磬˸æ֮ģԴ
ҹ˽ҪطЪϢʱŰҫܰ˵ҫ磬ܰãҪⷢӣСλʦֳ֣ν֪֪˰ս
峿ڰҫ֮һ̣λʦּһ𣬴ʦֳգʲôҲҪⷢӣưҫ˳֣Ҫǵʵ˵


ʮһ ս뷢ʲô
ʱǧС԰ڣǺò֣ƺмƬɽѹƵƵɢͺһսݱһս
ǰشӰһıһδξĶԺ䣬ҫռƵ£ȻܸԼλʦ֣ѽѷ֣֮࣬һĪ˷ܡ
ȻĴսڲµ˵ʵѪڵĸоǣʱ˿̵˷⣬һֺΪѵĸо֪ȥ¡
һʮʦǣһһ۾ȥύİҫˣ˴һ𣬶һһʰ֣ȫ֪룬ı߶ǣҲֻɵ㶵Ŀǽսͣ
ڲʹ£΢ĩҪֹ˷սʹôڳԼ⣬ڳûһܹȻֱӶпܣҲôֻ޲ߵĴԭء
䣡
ͻȻһ죬һִĻ˳𣬽춥һƬʮҹ鱻ٻ٣ʧ֮һһһͬɫӰһɢ𾢵Ӱǰ
ĵƵӰɴʮ֮Զ;ײײʮݣܵӰζȻһͣɢȥԳǰҫĴʦ֣ʦʦ֡
ҫһ٣һ˫ͫ˵ĺ⣬ƺݺĵأھӿ񱩵ƾӿ糱Ļ𾢣̼ϯķĻˣ˾ѣԾϰա
ƣػԭ
˸ոԾ𲻹һϢʱ䣬ҫ˫Ŀһ󾫹΢΢˫һչƳɵȱѵĻ浶âϣâ֯浶𣬷׺ݣŰе˷Ϯȥ
죡
ǰһƬâеһ亹ǵ͹ҫ͹еˣսʼռϷ磬ƾУٵʱ˸оԼƼȫҫռȥǲ
ʦһɫƣɫһּĸо˫ȭͬʱâչҵĶԺ䣬ȻʧеѪͣҲˡ
ʦΪ㵣ɫۣԵޱȣʮɹ˫һж֮Ҫâжâϵһĵж޿жݺɣѪ˵ͦء
ڳ˱ҫĵˣҲֻдʦһǸʵ԰ҫĵƽзˡ
ֻ˫һϣʮָӡ˫Ŀⱬ䣬ԭֽɫ**Ϊ֣ͣһȣ˫ֱ£ǿɽѹƣâ˾ųϣò͡
ش󷨣ת
ҫ󣬲ҵȷҾͺúýѵ㣡ʦŭһ˫ڴݻٰҫâ֮ȥδֱ֣ҫš
ƾ㣡ҫ񣬴սƾ㻹òңҫ˫Ŀһһߣ˫۲ĻԲתǳŲƵж֮ʦֵ⣬ǽ˶жһߡ
жţһﶼûôͬʥ֮ҫǿе˰ɣ
ʦоޱȣʽжжҲжȥڵѪǱжңҫǿѾе޿κΡ
ڰҫǴʦŲƿ֮һ˫ֱͫˣ˹Ϣһ翪Ϊһ⣬ֱԷȥ
ʦ˹ѹâİѪþòƽϢ絶һ㣬ǹ˺֮ʹֱüͷֻǰһȵľϮ˫ĿһɣְҫƵݺݵĳȥ
ͻһƵʦʶĲ㿪һתȭޣȭףȭ˳ƻӳȭʹһаޱȵĺɫŰҫͷ­ȥ
ҫһӿգʦ˳ƶȻԷӦ伫죬ҪȷӦҫδ˭һ۾֣һȭ£ұƵ߷־ʵʵʦֵı֮ϣſھһѪɳȥ
ҫ׷ʹ˿ԷϢĻᣬʦֱɵһ̣ǰ󲻹һգ۵ʱ䣬ҫ׷ϣһͺڶԷı֮ϣһӿ
һŭʦֵؿڱŹ֮ٴѪȫܹţʦֱҫ֮£ֱӴȥ
ҫشľؾ
ʦֿԼʦܱУŭɶһŭӡ仯ɫ**ֲ֣ƥ֮ǰǿһֹ͹Ե쳣ɲ
˵ˣƾòҵģҾúʵ
ҫ˵һʩչųɣ񱩵ĴӿŭһϮȥƱʦǲֺ
һƣ֮һ˴ˣԣ˷ɢȥ㺭˽׵ķΧ;ǱԱ顣
ҫʦֶ˴˵ľҫھش󷨵ǹɱưţھĵֿ֮£ѡ
ʦҧгݣߺ޵ĿŰҫһ׺ȵĴڷϮ֮ǰȫе㹩ӦϣǷѾһˡ
ʱҫǰˣˣһУһ˲ҲΪǣԼȻҲ壬ļޣǰս֣İ֮С
ʵҫһܽͬʱѹƣ˹ʽ⣬ҪǼḻս顣
֮еս鼫ΪҪڹԵȣԵȣǾԵȣʽ֮ͬ£ľս顣
ս龭ḻˣб仯Ī⣬ãе硣սˣУ֪ͨˣսֵİ࣬ȫûĵá
һȽǿ鲻֮£ҲΪʧս˱仯±ԷʤǿҲǰҫ˿˵ԭ򣬲УӦռƣΪܸܰ൱
˵ʱ׷үܡû׷ԼܣڣؤĲ磬Ǳһְˣӱһ;Ѿ޷롣
İжǿֻ˵ԽԽǿǰĺսħԳʱҪǿٶȣȣԼĹ켣޿ޡ
ԴӰҫ뿪֮ҲͬǷͼǿĽǧǴ뵽֮󣬹Ȼһǧµʱo˪˵ ֮ߡ
ʱĹ䰵ֻÿֲݣѹλʦ֣һ˴ļɹǱ
ش󷨣ɷа֪ǵʦ˭ˣתƺʲô˵飬üͷ塣漴ȫתṦǰӵˣתҫ
ҫ磬֪˭ˣǵʦ𣬾޷ƥеĴڣ֮бҪһ˴ȥȥҾ˾֮Կ򣬲ˣСѱ


ʮ Ůӳ
ҫ˫Ŀһɣߵĸոոϵ˵һ䣬סļһܰȥ
ҫһʦҲ֮ϣֻҸȴҶ֣ҫǿѾŵĵԼλʦܣ߲УԲҰܵԼ׶֡
˼֮ܰǰҫһƣƾͿ񱩣Ѫˡͬʱһ˫һʮö켣ۣ仯ͣ׼ȷıϵѨ֮ϣ˷֮󶯵á
ܰһ񣬶԰ҫ˵ľٶԵúĪȻԼӮҲ֮ҫһĽԼֻƲѡ
ҫҲ໰һ۵棬˫ͬʱץסŮֱۣһ̤棬ŶŮеɻˣҫҪԼ뿪Ӧ߷ƵǣΪʲô
Ծɿʱҫɿ˫֣ȶŮҪ߳ӣ˫ƽչеľȫ˵ʮɣӿȡ
ҫ˫Ŀһâɢһɫľǿ͵Ĵ籩һһƬɢϯܡ
ڴ𾢵£ɫĹâ֮⣬֮ҹ鼸ө֮⣬޷ԣ֮ǿڳȼ硣
˵ʱʱ죬ֻһƣҫȫµľѴﵽ²ĵز˫ƽչ˫һһ֣ŵ˳ƺμ׹ֱ䣬һʯ档
ƣٳǣ
䣡
һ죬ŭ׹صܣЩʦޱȣ·ݺݵûԼһ㣬̡
ڰҫ˫ƽӴһ˲䣬ʱ涼ǿ𶯣Ҫ֪С԰ǽΧ֮ϣǿ϶Ϊǵ𡣿ֲĻϯķܵˮضһ㣬¶ʵľʸ㡣
ɢȥҫһշ˿һߣĵ棬ˮѾǺ׵ľʲ㱻ǿֲľֱһ֮Ŀնǰ¶ĵ档
ʱڰ׹ĶŮĿһһã˵ʵڵģҫʱչֳļǣʹе硣
ߵǷƵôǹ׶༪٣ΪһƵĴ֮Уô»ɲԼΪϾǱ˵ĶӲ
ǣҫüǿĹֱӴĻôҫУֻҪһ˳סļʦ֣ʣµ˱ԴݵȥֻҪһ£ȥ׷Է¡
ãǸӵ棬ҳסǣ
ʦһҫ˵ĵ棬ľҫǿʵ֮࣬ͬʱְһãͬʣҫ˳ȥ
ڰҫС԰ʱλصʦ˷Ը׼ҫ뿪ֻҪ뿪һ˾ʡ
Լʦжֲ̣ΪʦҲϯӵȻǶЩûԼˣֳͷǲҲҪѲƤҲˣʦֲŻԵôţô͡
ʱܰԭίܰ˲üᶨƣ΢΢ͷʾס
˫һöʮУ޳ָס쳣ܰа̽գ֮ȫϢ쳣ù̬
ɾڶŮƴ֮ʣҫӰȴٴͻأĳڶŮ󣬿סŮ֣ŮȵĻͷҫ΢΢һЦҲ˵ʲôһһϣȻô֪ҫ˵ʲô
ȱ񽻸ˣ
ڶŮӦ֮ʱ׹ΣȻ죬ҫ׹䣬˫Ȼһ˦Ů򱻻Ķڣգ֮䣬Ůڣȥҫվڶ΢ЦĿŶŮ̧Ӷ
~~~~
ܰͫһ㣬˺ѷεļг֪ԼǣеҫǶͳΣѣ㺺ݺݵı
һ˫ʯ˫Ŀҫۣˣ۰֮Ѫ˿а̵÷ͣڵ֮ȡһֹǴʥ۷ֱʥ֮
ܰ³תâ֮࣬γһֹͣת֮󣬲˼һĻ֣ܰȻ̤ǲϣֱǶڶȥ
˿̤ƶϵֿܰ˿ڱ߰ҫԺЦһҧŰҫ΢΢죬ҫҲͬ죬ûȴ֪˴˵˼
ҫ磬һ
Ѿͷ
ֱӣ˫һӣұۿڷɳһɫýס۵һɫסܰĽ㣬ݺ£Ȼһ׹һ˫ۣĿŰҫԼԽԽԶ
ܰ˫ð𣬷ߺ޵ĿҪǽһ˿֧еİѾնͷ­
ҫ磬ԼΪһУ׷ô
΢΢һЦ涵Ŀܰһʹͷһ۶ڴҫѾʧеֻһ
㣬ǻع֮Ҫﹷ飡
ţǱȻģ
ؿ֮ϣС԰֮ڣҫӳһֲĽ֮ϰ򾢵ǲӳɣƾͨȭŹҲܴǰһ޵
ҫѾûһɵڣ֮ǰָѱŲƣʲô֮ǰɵƬ򣬽ڳ׷
ҪȥһȥԮŮ˳ӳڷһеһ֮һϸ㶼ûУҫʵȫʰ֮ٽɵߡ
ǣһ飬ò𼱻ǵıԼеȥһУǾˣԼߵһ̿ʼͲӰ
ʧһ̣һļΣյĸоͷòȥþǿֶ˵ļƻ
ʱ˿̣ҫҶǰҲͬҶʦִֻ˵λʦܣϥ¹򣬹˵ݼʦ𣡡
СС鶼첻ãΪʦ涼Ǹ˰
ڰҫһ˻Ƶ·ĵĶ׻һ㣬вɭɱѹȸУҫԶֺͻȻһʹҫǰһʧȥֱ
ҫ֮ʱԼĲ˫硢˫⡢˫˫ϥ˫Լ䣬Աһϸϸͬʱڵסˣһ˿᲻ȫ½ӦЩ֡
ðɣҳɽˣ
ҫŤͷ˿ܵʯǽڣҲ֪жֿ˿񷶥ɢ󺮹ˣһεš


ʮ ϥ̸Ҫж
ðɣҷˣ
ҫ˲ͷ£ھʮε˹ʧ֮ԼҲֻѡͽ֮١
Ҳ֪ǽ͸ǺȻǰһģһ˿·סһ㣬޷˹
Ҳֻ⣬һĿֲѹƵͨ˵ĳ̶ȣҲ˵İҫǷԸս⣬ͺͨûʲôˡ
ҫ˫źףŶȣ񷶥ɢ΢âҹ飬ܻ谵Ŀռ᲻˿˯⣬Ƿս
죬Լˣʥڣһʥ۷壬ȻʥͷܣаҫǴһ޵֮˵סˣǲνǿ
սҪڽҫֹҪϱ˲֪˲ˡߣһֱ˾Ľޡ
ڽоϵĲ౾ǲԽģȻһЩõĹõʽȷӾĲࡣҲֻһһǾһ֮ڵģŻʤǿս
ǣԷɱԼأԷľ߹Լһײֹأô㻹Ҫģ⼸ѾǱ϶˵¡
ɰҫνϵѹƣһж࣬·磬ܽԷУҫʵѾﵽˣɨͬиֵĳ̶ȣ˵Խ
ҫһ֮¶һ˷ֵܶ΢ЦֵⲢһֽǶԼʵһϿɡ
ʱԼֻһСˣ쾭ͨϰ䣬費㣬Ҫ˱Ϣɻؿ£ԼʵѾ԰ͬĸ֣һҲǶĴڡ
ȻԼɰ˵ʦϣǰҫǷţԿԲκˣΪЩ߱ȼĴڡ
ҫԼʵ⣬Ҳͬ㣬øǿǿػԼߵһС
ҫ磡˯ô
Ӱҫͷ˱Եҫ΢΢˲ЦСɱŶҫʵҪȥŪþҫʣ
еģеģҫ磬һŶҫǰ뿪ЦƵĻǳȥԴһ֮һ˩ϵľƿĵ¡
ҫùƺšƿһŨ͸ҫһþƣڹ£ң֮Ȫ˳ҺһֵҩζҫʣΪ֮һֺ˺üڡ
ҫ磬㾡ܺȣ⻹кüأʦżһ㣬ҶôȣҩǼǿǵĲҩûеأҫͷ˱ԵԴ˳˵
Сҫ㿪Ц㻹ˣƻ治Ҳһζҫһھƣ΢Ц
ɵЦһ漴ֳüҫһŨŨǸ⣬վֱŵеİҫľһ֮ǸĿ˵ҫ磬ίˣʦǲԣȻҪĿҫ磬ҵĵǸһᾡȫȥʦģԲŶ
ҫžƺ˻֣΢Цˣ¸޹أҲҪǸСʦƽʱҲ㲻Ѻõô
ϯض񷶥·һ㣬ҹ飬ʵҲǵģǰǲģǴʦҲûôʦֶҶǰٰչˣҡ
⼸ͻȻȫˣҲԽԽ䣬ʼЦҲȥǰչˣһֿܿҵĸоҵһ˷ܡ벻мɫ
Ҳ֪ʲô£֮ʦֶе㲻ʶˣǼˣԭһûʲô˵£ȻҪֵ󶯸ɸ꣬ҵʦڰǡ㣬ȥʦ𻹱֮⣬λʦָǶǰ˵ʲôǶ˳ҵģȴֱ仯˺ѽܰ
ҫڵϣһĻһߺžƣµ񣬰ҫ߸ʦΪѾһࡣ
Ƕ鶾ҲǱ룬ôʮ꣬Ҫô飬Ҫô⣬ҫߡ
С֪ϲʵ˼ôҫһھƣʵ
ͻȻһ㶣ĵ˵ͷ԰ҫʻúĪԼȻҲɵӣö飬ϵҲû£ҫôĵʡ
أҫٴοڡ
֮ǰѾ˵棬ܷӦģɵӣڰҫμΪԵʾ£㷴ӦҲ֪˰ҫҪʲô˼
ҫ磬֪ʦǶ㲻𣬵ǣҫҵʦҲǳνӴƾǲĳͻȥǻ᲻е㣬е㣬̫ˣ˵ʼеƲ
ҫһЦ΢΢ҡͷ漴һھƣ˵С㲻£û뿪ޱ֣λʦʦ⣬ûʲôˣԿ˵Ļ˵úų⡣
ǣýȥҲãȥҲãҲҪ˵һ䣬ն񰡣δ볾Ȼ֪֮գδȻ֪֮Щʱ⳾֮У𾴵ˣ֮ˣĿĴ֮˵пܳΪجΡ
һ䣬ҫһڽƺڵľƺȹ⣬֣һ߳˼һ߽ƺ¡
ҫһ˼ģ΢΢ԼƣŤͷߵô֤ԼĻǱˡ
ûǽҫĻͷҫ˼Բܽһ仰ǣСǼϲʦʦʮ꣬ǱĿģΪĳ档
԰ҫ˵ĻеԼĲȥţҲԸȥţԼλʦִС󶼶Լǳĺãʲô¶ΪԼ룬ʲôöΪԼ׼һݣҪ˵ʮǱģ⣬ĺš
ʼˣԴȫһƬ֪ȥ˭ˣǿʼԹԵץ
ˣˣ벻ͨˣֻҪܰҵĻˣ֣֮ǾСģҫ΢Цҡͷšƿǣ˿ھƣ˵
ɬԹĿ˰ҫһۣ֪ҫǶãܸоĵ߶ã߶˵Էãһ˼м䣬治֪ôȥѡˡ
Сҫʹ㣬СܣɻûشŶҫ˫ĿעϷЦʵ
ҫ磬ҡ
СˣȥϢһ˲õĴҪУʱҪȫˣҪúϢǡʦֵٴδˣĻػ
һͻȻֵĴʦ֣һı䡣ֿһ۵ηڵİҫů΢Ц̾һŴʦ΢΢ȭת뿪ˡ
ҫ֪ܷʲôƾ΢ĩУҪȥֹһзȫܵģֻò֪νݡ
°ܽҲѻ˵ʵˣСҰҫ϶ˣҰҫûʲôãΨõĵطǽ齲塣ȺҪǸҺҰҫģ֮꣬Ҫȴҡ
ҫһ˫ĶŴʦ֣Ҳͬˣײһ˿̵ζ


ʮ 鷳͸Ѫ
˼˵һӵ鶾ʵ꣬𶾻ĹУϳǧС԰档
īԴȷһ˵Ļһʱǰī´ͨѩѱ編ţҵܰˡ
Ůһ½ǲʹǴ׵ĸ߿׹䣬ֻҪŮ״̬ãһ̫ѵ顣ԴԴϵİ£Ůֱǲ¥µ˵֮ϡ
ͷһɫ֮īûþҵ˶ˡǽ֮ǰ˵£ԼֵһЩȫһ
λʦĹУһǾ˵ܣǾǣλʦǽһָöһˣ𶾻ʣĹ衣
Ȼλ𶾻ʣԲö֮ˣֻаӣҲλʦ֣ڽҲţаɷ߾ž֪Ҳʲô
֮ܰûеһ۾ϳˣǾҪȡ˵Сˣÿ߽һ
˻֮˵Ļī´Ϣ̫ˡ𶾻ʡ鶾塢ǧС԰յһȥĻī˲о֮ж鷳͸
Ĺ裬йϵöһˣ꣬Ѵ뻯֮ͨ쳹أһĪö죬м˶Ҫɵ֡
Ĺ赱һսֻһˣһפظ˷ʮƽ׵ķΧڣΪֹǴݲ̶ﶾݱضǣһطͨ˵Ľ
Ҳǳɾ֮Ϊҫ۵ս֮һȻĹ˵ⲢΪһ¼ǣеǣΨһһǿ߽ƷУӵһˡ
Ĺ裬ǹöī¸еѹʮ㣬˵ӰĶϣī¿ɲԼжú鷳Ȼи鷳ģǾǧС԰
ǧС԰ĹѾѪѼʯľʮʱвϵƣķ˲⽭еһ޶ջ԰
ǧƣջ԰֮ڹƳ治ǧ֣ÿһֶģһЩѾϹŹƳ棬ҲĹѼ˵ǼжǿĻԹƳ档
򶾣νɲֻΪĹǸ߳ö죬ͬʱ־Ĺ񱣬ضԸ
ĹĻ԰ﶾݵֻݣൽκ˼ĿɿڴĿ࣬ҶһЩϡƷҲܷ֣ϡеһֶֻĹ߰ˡ
Ҳ˵С԰붾йص֣мУӽƷĴڣɼĹԶռ˵ǿ̵˷ָĵزܱϵľǲеļƷ
ǧС԰鷳鷳ģ鷳Ĺĵ̡ǧ֮԰ڵоƳ涼ܱʹãһЩ׹ƣī˶Ǳ
֮Ĺ赽ռ˶ֶﶾأĹĶѰ֮ԲܣĶҲͿԽܻ֮ˡ
ԣǧС԰һ鷳īµҪǽ룬Ĺռ֮£˹ֻбķݡ
һ鶾鷳ʵǸ鷳Ϊܰ˼ҪȥȲŻ鷳ϾĹĵ̰
ҲȷҪȥȣīȻе鷳ҲñҪȥȡΪһĹھ鶾ãô𶾻ʿԳƵ۳ˣʱѹˣҲûˡ
鷳һֻܱΪ鷳͸īԼĻݡǣ鷳ҲҪӲͷƤӲϡ
򣬱Ȳۣǰɷ˵Ḷ́ƶԲ˶ߡīµĻ˵ĪŮˣǰĶŮλǸߣʵǿҲǲȥùͷģԸʹȻʲô޹ء
˾ˣʵǿǴ˷мɰգԻҪ鷳һ¡ŪǰĻѣʵ
Ҫ˵ȰҫĻ߳ϵİգǽҫ鶾һͬȳĻ⼸ʿ²ɡīʼ磬һνı顣
üͷһ壬˵ôôǲΪԭ򣡡
ī֪ѩ˼άӦȻ죬ȴССľһѡ֮ǰѾܹ𶾻ǧС԰һУû뵽ɱܾһץס˷жѵ㡣
Ҫ°ҫôñҪǧС԰һС԰Լһȫûƿˣ𶾻Ĺĵȫɽƣǽ׷ʹ򣬹öһУǽͷö
˼һһڵ˵ĹǧС԰ķΧ˾ѹô
ѹǲܵģһʵ»ĹĹöַǿֲޱȣҲֻסûʱȥ顣ī±üΪ棬˵
˵ͷһ΢ЦסͿˣʱ򣬾˾ˣǾȫסĹ裬϶þ϶ã͡
īµ˽֮ʱܰǷֱڲͬĵط˹ν˶ԣ˶֣ǾҪʵˣץʱҲǱȻġ
ܰչʱ״̬õĲУʥڵǹǿ֮Ѿ죬ԭᱡĻԽĺʵʼת䣬һ࣬ʵ֮ǰȫˡ
ܰãϲ㹦ָһ¥ˣԶԲúжѾ˾ߡ
㣬֮ǰС̫嶯ˣð£ܰȭһ
ҫ֮ʱܰ۷ȥҲڵʱ鼱֮£ŵھϵͻƣɵ⵽ʱôһ˲䣬ء
νİ˰֣߾ͷҲص˵㵣İҫ簲ΣܹģֻЩʱ˱Ҫѡѡãͺһöһ֡
ܰͷϸƷζĻ߶ö֣֪лĻҲ˵Ŀȥˣòеãô
һʱīһĿǰһ˫ûɵĵۿܰҲͬǽüͷһĿǰŲ뺫ֻǸоǰž˵˵㣬Ҳûʲô
ڵĻôǵӪжһɵĳɹʶûˣǶС԰֮ڡ
īŤͷ˵һָֻǰÿԼʮɿ⣬߲֪ϣȫһľ
ʱľѾǵǽС԰ʱǰˣȻ״ǷֺϢѪζѪɫıƤֱͲͬһ
Ҫ֣ܰǲһ̣ǰȫûЩİӲɣеֻһɭȻĸоһѪһòôҲóֵѪ
һɻѪζѪɫڴϻţһּȹ־㤵ĸо·һˡ


ʮ һ뷴
ǰѪɫī°̾ԼǺޱǿѪȵĴڣ֮һļʲŻĶȻˣֿЦõĸо
С˿ʮûҵķԸ˭׼īһ˵һ˫ӥĶǰѪš
īϣһ˿¡
üҲ֪ǰѪͷīеɣīµʵȥ׶༪٣ī¶ԡ
Ҫ˵ڶô
īԴ΢΢һƫǱûһ˿þɱ¾֮ˣеëֱ֪ī²ڿЦ
Ҳֻһˣڳ뺫֪ǰλīϣЦ֮ʱҲʹ˴Σȫȥһ
һѪɫԺ˼ǧǰѪɫļ¸вرǿңоԼſˣһֿʼججĸоұ᲻ľѪʶԽԽԼơ
ָоͺڤڤ֮еһٻٻԼһ磬õеʹĥѣֻҪԼ崥ѪôһоͶˡ
߸
һ죬·һ㣬˶Ĥʹķ©һģ˲ÿһ˵ı鶼Ե÷ǳľܰͬǾ֡
ֳī⣬˾ȻʹѪѹʱǿѪɫԲľ룬ÿ˵ֶƽţ·ҪȥѪһ㡣
ôһ˲䣬˶ʧˣԺΨһ뷨Ͷ뵽ѪĻȥԶһеĿѣҪīһȣ˻ѣô˿Ҫ뿪ˡ
ī˫Ŀһ쳣ңһ˲þӨ͸·һ㱡ıһ㣬ֳϺݺһƣһͺ綸Ȼ𣬽ֳ˶˵档
͵ĺ磬˸о΢ƫƫǺĽ˴ʹٿīµһ֮Ѿ΢ôһ˿֮ζҲ֮ı־ڡ
ī¼鼫Ϊ࣬еңһתһұ˳һչ˷·ʲôһ㣬ī˶ȥ
ֻоΧǰлع֮ʱѾīµӰͨı𣬷Ѿ˵ʱ·ϣ಻٣ʮ
ī½֮ңһϣѪȥ߱˵ţСչ˺ǣУһز̴Ÿ̳Ͻǰұ⡣
˵ͷȭһת֮ҲͷԾ֮ʧ١
ī»Ѫ׵ľʱͣסŲңȲ֣ƶ׼Ѫϣ˫Ŀ£ҪѪ״̬ڽʳߡ
ǽʳԼһôԼˣûҲֽʳ״̬ͺĳЩһ㣬ģϹʮ֮һһ
ϹʮޣֱһһԳһһһԡһһǡһһ롢һӵϵΪʵԱȣʮֻ޷Ҫ֮˲ƥУ򣬱޵еĴڡ
һȴʮΪصĴڣΪѪĴڣʮĴڣǾֲ
֮У޷ɷΪ࣬һǳޣһޣֲģδţҲôһһ޶Ĵˡ
飬棬ʵ̵ľؼ飬κ鶼ԣò˵ϹŶʱڣҲһͨͨѣΪһ֮Ǿǵʱгֻѿ֮ء
ʱ߶޵ʬ壬ǧңپѾǾǧĴڣֻһ֮ܽУֻûǸˡ
ͻأĿռѣͻأ߶ʬڵĶвͣĵͺɱʬһ㣬Եúǹ죬ʬɶѵĲԶһôĺ
ʬ֣ʬ֮󣬱һѪ֮ɫдһ˿ԹϵֻۣУвǷӵĴڡ
ǿһ˲䣬鲻ɢ︽壬ɵʱһ⣬ûκĴڣЩɰǧĶ飬ȻȻľ֮ϡ
֮󣬱񣬶֮ԽһУΪе飬֮ǰǱģģһ㷢ӵ쾡¡
飬飬ɵľ飬κ鶼ԣϲĶѪɫһóֲޡ
գһȥˣøڽʳôûʱˡ
ī´һڴаң漴ǰ˵ٴλصþǰǰѪɫ˼š
˾ˣȻȴҲ˵Ĺӵʹôǵжȫûϣˡüͷʵ˵ôεľԮжɹһɶûˡ
ī΢΢һЦ˵ûµģû֮ԻΪ̬ͬΪһ֦ɱ˴֮Уãַܹƿ
֮ǰ֮ǰСģ״̬״̬µκע⣬ͨĸǽϮɱ
ī˵꣬Ļе⣬ڷᱩɱˣǽʳѵͺܰôͬ޷ġ
֪ôģûǷģʳȫȴΣաʳڵ񣬲ȡģʽΪҪȫȡʳзֽ飬ʱĳ̣ĶʵжԱȡ
ڣ¿ͺñѰ˯ʱκη紵ݶзӦһ㡣ҲˣߵʱֻҪǱһ̾зӦͨݣԷɱգںܰȫģī΢ЦŽ͵
˵ͷһڣ˿ѪŤͷ˵ôǶɣ


ʮ ־ηΪ
ʦ֣ˣ
޷ѾʦƵʥʬֲȥ򶾻̳ǧ֣Ԫʥʬв֣ӲǵķۣʦҲԳ֡
ǾͺãҲѾõһ껨ͷŵɣֿ˷еĶʺϷһƬΪյǼ£Ǳһĺã
϶û뵽ôãһ껨óˣ
ѪҲû취£ֻҪʦܹɹĽ򶾳ɹƳһеĸֵõģ
֪ٺòǼʦֵһҪĺȷʦ𿪶ܹһʧκšĻһʲô⣬ʦҪŭǿܻʬһˣ
ʱλʦ֣ȫվǾθ̨ľ޶֮£ĶŲԶƵĳڴš
ʦһ仰˵֮ʣʦܶһƤ񣬻ʬ֮ڳ˶е
ʬƷΪ֣һʬ꣬ùƳƴ񾭣ʬܹܶȫԼķԸ
һЩĹƳ棬ʬӵǰ߳ҵΪ书˽սʱȫɬУս˵Ե΢㣬Ͼֻܷӳǰ߳ʵƷ
һ֣ͱȽϲΪ˵ˣǾǽл죬ҲǻĽаƤǣ񣬶ȫеʹ񾭣̲ʹҩ˻ʹ
ƷʽĺôǣɱֻܵͣͨĹƳһЩҩҺƳӵǰΪ书ʬ˽սʱӵת磬ֱȥٴһ㡣Ʒѻʬ
ڳ˶֪Լʦ𶾻Ĺ裬óϲľѻʬֿ˷ʹУֲ˼ãҲǿ־ԼʦҪ𾴵ԭ
ʦʦ̸ֽһ֮󣬱תȥȥȡǵ֮һ껨ˣһ껨ֿǵ滨ݣںɵ滨
˻Ѫ֮ŵ˻֮ˣԻᵼлңȫޣȫ޷ֱ涫ϱһ㣬ʧԭصһ滨
뿪Ƭ֮ǰľ޴֮ڵķƵ΢΢ţ˷ƵڷҡֱϣֱǧС԰
ƵĴŻ򿪣Ӱ߳ǰΪ׵һ꣬һּΪŨҵѪ֮Ǻ񣬷·еʬ壬ǻ˵Ĵڡ
ͣס֮͸¶һɼҵĳɱ¾Ϣǰüͷֱ塣ڽҲһĶȻصĺãҲֵѪȣȻᱻŵ
ʦ̤ǰһʵ֪Ǻηʥ֪˴ǺεأҴģȥҵȱ㲻׷ǵ֮٣Σ
ʦִ˵ʵڵΪ׵һֺǿҵļΣյĸоԼѾʥ۷壬ֻһͿԽ񾳣ܹеļΣգôԷʵȻö˵ǱȻġ
ң꣬ҲһֺܲǵĸоԽߣֶΣʵĸ֪ҲԽʦֶԼĸ֪ȷǰҪԼ˶쳣ļ֡
ѩѱ̾£꿪ڻص̲Ǳ䡣
ԭǶԱĵһѩѱŴ֮һ£֪´˷ǰν£õµĵطܿڱǣʦֿ˵ԷͷȷˣҲֻһ£ϥ
ţȷ£ҴҲȷܰõң
ʾ£
ˣ˫Ŀһ󺮹ϵɱ¾֮Խ
룿źˣ˵ףʦ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬱Ϊ
ĪҪǰװɵ㶣֪˵˭ֻҪشǷţǲš
˵˫Ȼ£ĳ뺫Ҳͬ˽е彣֮ǰȬ״̬Ҳǻָʮ㣬ԲẬ
£еˣ¶֪˵ľǺˣôŰʦֶָЦڱ˫֣ɢһ˿ɼ͸۳
ϲϻ㲻ˣֻԼˣ΢΢һЦ֪˶һ¶Цݣ㣬ҪǰĴʦ־ǵڶѡ
£ޱ֣ǱڵĵطǧС԰ѩѱ
ʦɭȻһЦ΢΢̧һָ죬ո𣬺ȻһƷʮӰ˷֣԰Χ֮Χˡ
ʮ˽ʬӦûʬַƶɵģͿԿǰʥĴ֡
ֻ繦Σʮõ书Ǹͬȭűÿ˶Լóļգͬʱʩչ֮£ʵۻң漫ΪĿ
ʮǵθڻǴ󰡣
Խ֪ǰȺ֮ʮʲôݣʲôͷѹ𼣣Ѷôãԭȫʬˡ
֮˫ƽ٣Сֱǰ漴һ˫ƵȻתĵâ纣Хһϯķǹаɭĵʦ˶ĴһʵʵĵâΧ˵ʮȫɣһ⡣
ʮɱʮɽ
˫۷ת쳣׺ݱѣԴԴϢʮʬûһܹĳ뺫ҲͬĿһ裬ʣֱָʮʬ
壬ػкǣΪĹ߸ӵע÷͵͵Ǳ룬ȥȰҫ磬ֻҪܳɹȳҫ磬ôߵʵͻкܴ֮жҲӵıһЩԣ·һҪֳ󶯾ܵǣסǣסǣһҪŶ
ĻȻԼǶôֻأԼȷһȷǾԸֲ飬ǰĹλӣԼЩʬҪˡ

аҫϥҧŲ֪âݣܵľƿǺ˵ɢһأȻԼһ뾢Ա⾡ǲģڽɡ
ѾͷǵĻ͹ɡҫ类һһҹҪҳúûҫҧâݣ
ʱĳĸݣǾǷŻբҫͷͻôãһբҪ֮ˣƤǡ


ʮ ͨηʮ˼
ҫ磬ô֪ҰϷһϷ˴ͷЦ
ҫȻ⣬ǣ绹ڵģλ˵ĽŲȽϳŮ˵ĽŲƮͣ׷ֱģҫµеâݣվֱһ΢Ц˵
һЦ˵ͷصһŶǰ꺮ˣû֣Ҷϲأη̫࣬Ҹܰ÷ֿˣҲ֪λõģȥܰù
ЦݣǼҫһһҹӡƸУ̼ʧӰ٣Ƭ֮ܰͬʱ֣еĹػ֮Ҳ쳣ԣҫҲ΢Цʾ⡣
ܰаһâ֣Ͽǧ꺮ˣǰѰҫһҲȥִΪɣû˵ҫ˿
ܰͻƵʥˣ
ҫüͷһƣܰĽеϲѣʵʵڵţǿǱ׼ʥҲ΢Цͷ
ڰҫһŹж֮ʣȻĴڣ·֪ʹһ㣬һ󣬻شܽܵʯڼз֮ʧ
ҫһĻһ֮һ£оһˣʧ֮󣬰ҫ˹ˡ
еľֱբڵĵ̰һ㣬ӿ·һʰ̼߱ȫ
˿Щ
ܰ΢΢һ㶣ʶĺ˼ҫԼ˫֣֮ݺȭ
һɿƥĴ𾢴Ӱݵг𣬻֮ǿҪһзٻ٣ˣֻܰеƤʹѣŮ˴˶һۣ˷Īٺʮ⡣
ϯĴ𾢣ȫ۳ͣʵ棬棬£ҫٿӳ𾢲ƣƻеĵۻһ㣬Ƽˡ
Ůϲ⣬֪ҫĹʵԵĽչʱĴ𾢿Կʵոһﲻֹ
ҫ磬Ĺֽˣϲɺأ
Ůҫǰϲ̵Ŀ˵ҫÿһʵľеϲʵһУԼԽԽߵĳɾͣȻϲ⡣
ܰҲͬ뷨Ҳһģֻֻǵģ֪ԼҲ˵ĨȥĨȥ˵ģֻĵףȥĬĬף
ҫ΢΢һЦ˸Դڣ񹦵ĵڰ龭ѾͨӵһĿѨڰѨһУͨ裬ֻǹϵע԰ҫѧڷܣò˶೤ʱ䣬İɡ
񹦵ĵڰ˵һˮ룬ǰĹ˵ֻΪڰھѣԽ񾫴ĺôԽԣϾʵǳԹĴ󻧣һ˿ˣʹĽ
ڰľ񽣣ԳƵ½֮𡣵ھ˫ƣŷ֮ζʵҪľƶֻܿѧѧʹ
ڰҫĿ֮ʱ̨Ժ֮У񽣵ʹų֣ԭҪʹľھŽ˫赣ȻҲһֳͬ⵹ǰҫʼδġ
԰ҫǷľ۷ʱ񽣵ˣοһɣȻͻԵĽչ
ʵڰҫ̷鵤֮Ѿﵽ۷壬벽ĳ̶ȣһһҹѹƷӡһ⹦Ȼɽ鱩һʰ
ҫƬ̣ԺоŽʹţ˷Ī˵ŽһŽɵĹ񺿣ֲޱȣҫ۳ΪʵС
ȻеˣѾˣΪҲ̫׼ȷӦóΪʬŶԣӰݵηг
޵Σȭǿ籩ף˫磬;׵ɱУֱ£ͷĳŰҫͷ¡
ʵ
󹦣ʨȭ
Ӱ׷磡
ͻ𣬰ҫǺЦ˵һһӲ۾бͫڣ¼ûܹ͵Ϯҫ
ҫһӣŲƵޱж֮ǳ̫ͼٿһתǿ͵Ϯ˳Ķ˵ĹҲͬɢ˵ĺϰҫһ֮ҫԼʵһ
δɣֻͨ˾ѣͽô࣬أ
˱ҫŲƷɵһ̣˫ۺݺݻӳʮչ׷ʹ򣬷ֺˣֻ֮ǵû¶ϲı飬üͷһ塣
أÿ˵˫˫ŴĲһö˵ÿһˣֻ¶һڻ֮ȫûκηӦͺ֪ʹһ㡣
¼߽ѾȫûȫΪʬͨ˲ǵģѾͷܰǲó֣ɣҫŮ˰֣˫ĿֱӲԶˡ
ǰm±˲ȫ԰ףն飬ԵúǴͣһʬ˻ģٲȻǱĹƳʬĴʦذҫ
m˵ƬԲη·ĹһԵ°·ɡ⻺߳òmͬ԰Χ֮ƽҫ˿
ҫ磬ܹʮη涼Ѻһĸ֣ʥģԵĻѷǳǧС԰ָ췭ظɹжܸӷ㡣
˵ҫҲ΢΢˵ͷһȦηΪģÿ׾ͻһ䰼ݵηÿһηڶһ˫˫עԼ
ͭɫĵͻȻ𣬵âݺᣬƳֱһһһ͹һηֱֹĳŰҫɱȥ
mȻѱʬʩչҲǰ죬ҲѻʬַƶɣһʵǱãû˰֡
ε
ҫͷҲһץmİyץסǿҵĴ𾢣ŭμһӿ׾ٵĽɢȥ𾢳ֱ룬m׳ǡ
ˣôļһȥҫһЦתyжһߣƿ缲磬羪ףƾ׺ƥ𾢱ѷƷֱmļͷ䣬ݺݻɡ
λܣ°ҫǽһѧСҫţʸλһ⣬ܹ˴ʱڱѺǻ𣡡ڻm֮󣬰ҫȭתһȦȵ
ȻܣҫԸˣ
ģӱһ꣬ڶ̣ҳȥҪﹷң
ҫħʩԮ֣պк񱨣˷ҲԸս
ʮ˼ηҫ΢΢𣬿߶Ůһۣ˵ͷ


ʮ ͬǿŵƨ
Ҫ˵ʱ˿̵İҫжǿֻ˵Ѿǿ޷ܵĳ̶ȣ̶ֳȲĽ˾ͽǰ֮컯־ʵ̫Զ
ҫǿֻ˵һͬڵѹһľ񹦣Ѿ˰ĲΣӹ˵Ѿ֮ǰǿ˼߳࣬Ѿȫ̥ǵĽˡ
׻˵ǿ־ѾǿûˣôʮΪһɣ߳ǶٵĲ࣬ϿȥƺǺֱӣmȽϡ
ڵûǧС԰֮ǰҫѾm֣Ȼ߳Կӵ͹˰ҫʵڰҫϼûл֮ҫֱ͸ƵĽܡ
ǣmԴհҫʵ˵һmȫ£ԸҫƽҫݣƴȥսôҪmͬʵߣ俹⡣
ôʱҫʵȹȥǿ֮߳࣬ǰ˵ǿǿûߣΪֵĲʵϵȶࡣ
ͬʱ£ǿֵԶҪǿ֣ٶȡӦݣκһ㶼ҪԶѹ֣㱾ʲôͻƣһԳ֣ĻֻᱻĶԶѹƣҲǿ־ǿûߵҲֻԵһֲࡣ
Թǰʵһm߸һ㣬ֱһmôҫȹȥǿ߳ɵʵǶٸmĶԱ
һҲ߳ҲʮĸټϰҫԹȥʵӦԵศ֮£ҲʮʮʲôͨåçǾ֣ͬȼľ֡
mʲô磬ʥ۷ǿߣĻ㷽ʽжԱȵĻҲ˵ڰҫȫ֮£ƴһս֮£ȫӲʮʥ۷ǿ߶ܣһʲôĸ
УһһɵˣŵӣҲʥ۷ѡеʥʲôϰִ°£ܼӵһ鶥Ҳ߰˸Ҷѣһǲβ룬ʥڡڡڵĶС
ʵԱȣҫһܶʮʥ۷ǿߣôһһһɣҲ̫ľͬҫѾӺɨˡڵĶ֣ҫҲܹսܡ
𸮾ű죬ӥͼҫڶԸʱǰ㣬ʩչֻǿƽ֣ҪƽֺףҪӮҲǲܡ
ʱǧС԰֮УҫܵĴڣǱʬ¼߽ܣĶ֣ɱҫ
ս֮ʱҫֻͨȭŽнսһһʽûùҪ֣֮ӦǵĹԼԼĹͨǰѾдϡ
ˣѳɣͨ񹦵ڰ޳ˡôͲ˷ʱˣ֮ˣǺúõȥɣ
һӵĹս֮£ҫڵľǹͨѨ龭ĳɾ˰ȻԼĿѾﵽôͲҪٸǰ߾ʬʱˡ
âӰҫۿ͸˹ڱ֣ȹȥʵ࣬ͺҫ˫һ㡣
ֻҫ˫һչƵ˳֮£âһɿ⣬͵Ĵ𾢸£â񱩵󣬱ȥǿֹâ֮ƣΧŰҫת𾢵ѸƥΧϵ˾ɡ
˫ͣ
һڱɫҺٿձˣÿ˵ǰһĿĵĻ浶ۣɼǣȼһ˿𾢣𾢵շΧϵ󣬴н˷յļ
ǰһĻŮе㷢£׼ȷ˵ǾҫһǶҲֻǸ޷ͬնﰡ
ȥĵâҲȻǷȱһ˿ԵͶҡɴʱ˿̵ĵâ˰Եҡһ壬ǰȱݵȻ޴档
ŮȻܹоҫʵľϲǣҫľô㳬ˣǵ֮ˣǿе󣬶Ů˲оԼҫʵ࣬ˣĺܴ
ҫһ֮Ʋûаּڽֻҫ𣬻µĴ쳣ңҡֱϣҫ֮УƸǱƥ
˷˫֮䣬ҫһȣ£˫Ȼڵ֮ϣҵĻ纣һܷȥϯ˽׷Χýʮηǡ
ƣػԭ
𾢷ӿʮηǧ꺮ˣһ壬ȫϰգǿĺˣ𾢿񱩵棬ҫһǻƣԷȣʵ顣
ͨ𶯣ϴ𾢵ĳηķšɢȥ֮󣬰ҫվֱŶŮ˵ͷŮҲͬͷӦͬʱƮ
Ůһһңֿߣһְ缲磬羪ף֮У·޾һ㣬ͷַǾ쳣׼ȷֺ·η˵ȥ
ܰеİ̽â溮ޱȣѾȫܹƽڵ飬ܱȫƿأâ£˿˿΢ߵͷš
ڶŮصҫߵһ̣ҫڵһηѾm˰صη⣬ʣʮηһǿϢ
ɫĿηڱм׺ҫȶضãηڱ֮ˣںݺйԼеĲؼյ˷ܡ
ɢȥƷʮӰɱη⣬Ҳҫˣٵ˷գ֮ʧӰ٣ǰŵֱƨһûˡ
ľˣŵûôأַ˵ľ棬ڽżʣ˶ΪԼѡ
ȻҫҲգǰʮⲻسŵı֣ǵûзϣ˳⡣ʮѾѶҸǸ֣һʱ䱻˶ԣһѣһҪ±ȻǷй
ʮ˸պÿΪҫ൱Ļңðҫ֮жӵķһЩ
ȻҲ˶ʮ㲻سŵ˵ҫǰһһꡣ
ͦΣ񣬽üĿͦƤݣһͷȻ䣬Ҫϰľ׳⣬ҫ˻ΪǸŮӣòĺܡ
곤ĵͨͨ˫Ŀ֣ƽӹ޳һЦݣһ޺ĸо·ڼһ㣬Եúͨ
ǰҫ˶֪ܲ򵥣Ϊе꣬һͨ˸оһ㣬·Уڴ벻֮䡣ðҫüͷ΢΢ܸоõӦһĸ֡
ħлҫĴ֮˷飬¼סˡֻǣҪ£ܾʳ֮ҫձصл걧ȭһ˵֮ͷҲصȥ
ҫҲǻһȻħͬճŵ˼һ˸к˰ҫݶ飬ǱЩкҪϰٱǧֹҫҲ˼ˡ
ȥ֮һֱһԵ꣬ʼ΢Цҫˣһʱҫüʶһ¡


ʮ ׾ٵɱ콾
ڰҫУĵһӾڵĿռ䶼һ˿Ĳÿһ̤أռ䶼һ˿ĲΪĵĿռֱˮһ㣬ͣɢ
ŵеķҫܰһνʱҲùַǺܿԹշţǰʮȻҲһҫҲеһ˿Ĵ㵡
ͥĳŰҫ΢ЦɣŮһĽ䱸֮ɫ˫Ȼ£ֽܰսֻҪʲôľٶŮһʱѹơ
۰ҫŮȣԵñȽϷˣͬ¶΢ЦҲƣҲڣô޶ԵעԼ
Ųһ٣˿ҫı飬ЦԽԽŲҲԽԽƬ֮ҫǰ˵лˣھͻ㣡
ûͷûԵ˵ôһ仰Ҳܰҫ˵ʱ飬ֱ߲ǰȥ˻ع֮ǰҫɣָֻ¼߽ܡ
ǿȿʵΣҫ˫ֻҲ¼߽ܵ·ôȥߵǵͷ˼
mǰͣסŲ̧ͷֱm˫ۣ΢Цǻߵm߳߸ߴ׳ȣСèϻ
磬һ겻ôˣʬɿΪ˼䣬Сʹ࣬Ҳýһ㣡
˫Ŀ磬һ䣬ɱǵأһɼ׺ɱ¾ϢϸСɢԶİҫ΢ȡ
䲻󣬶Ҳʮ䣬ɹɱȫеģֱһþɳĽ֣ƺǾˡ
ɱѹ£¼߽ȻȻĽΪҪĿ꣬mȫǰˣеİy߸𣬵ͷ꣬磬ƥǾˡ
磬˵ٴˣһʽʵ뾢ؿ죬ǧѹˣ޴ӣ޴ɶ㣬ƶԷŶԣѧᣡ
ͷ̾ϢȻʹֱѿڶͺΪͨ˵һ㣬ɱUָơ
ŵͷµİy굥һӣֱ׼ȷĻڰyߴ׺ݵһֱĿһߣһ˲۽mһľ籩ףmյ
mȻʬηʹǿ£޷ȰyһɣyҪ֮ʱ귴һӣشٽİyëȫûһ㡣
հyۺӣһĨͭɫĵâɫҺm߸߷ͷ­
ʯ˲䣬׾ٵȡmİyȡmͷ­Ǹ赭дģͺʵһ΢һ㡣
ǿĺǿ
ҫе𾪣Ůе㵣ǿе㾪ˣmʵж٣жô򵥵ıȡ׼Ǽ߷˵ǣеֲ
ʽyٽmͷ­ɣһǳɣȫûһ˿ˮҫоǰʵӦòԼ
mһΣͷ֮ʬ¼߽ܵʣˣΧɱ꣬һЦ˻ߴİyڼϣ˵Χɱǲм
˲ٶ죬һɱӸ˫ʹľˣת˲֮ʮǵӰҪ֮⡣
Ҳţ˲ӰѿƣУǵһеӰܿ˫½Ƕû
һâէ֣׵磬׹â֮ϣǿޱȣǼ죬ʮͣżһ㣬ٶȱ˲ֹҫֻоһͿһϥײֱӽ˲ͷ­䱬ɱ
񼲵磡
䱬˲ͷ­֮Ҳͣһѳʬ˲yٶɿ磬âһգ֮±ǰ
±׵ȭʶĺȭž춯ͣǰꡣһЦҲͬһȭ񱩵ȭȻ±׵ֱѹɢ֮ǿŭμˣһʰ
˵ȭͷһ±ֱֱӱ飬Ѫըѣܣֱһȭʵʵĺ±֮ϣߵͷ­һ㱬ĸɸɴࡣ

ı·ɵĽƣͬʱɱǶ˻ֻһӰѣѻΪâ߸Ծ
Ӹ£䣬˫ڣӰһƬȿֺݣȾȫº˸飬һѵ˵ĽȻԶ
֮ʱҲͬʱأֻǶѾ𲻵ˣȫǽȫ飬ȻĲ
Ťͷһֱûгֵ°ŮѳʬĶŮȻֲеĲʵɱѾӰ쵽ʬô
ʬˣôϣƽղֻǲ֪ν
䣬ŮǰӰ׷ɣһնߵֱӱ߶ϣһ̱ڵϡӭһȭ°ϣݣԿǱѣͬǰ˵ĺ󳾡
ֱ֣ȫУǾᣬɱ׾٣ƺȫʲôһ㣬ףֲʵԶİҫֱüͷ
΢΢Ц𣬼ϵİy΢΢꽫yٹͷЦĵϳôһ겻ӹϣǲǺܲڰ
yĻﲻͣĲƺڻӦһ㣬Ҳͬ΢Цѡ
ʮǰ¼ҳһţų̶»¼ҵĺЩˣΪ¼Ұųһľ콾껡
򾳣񹦣꽫ɣﵽʥ۷壬ʮͻƹؿڴﵽʥͬɨ¼һ֣¼һĸ־Ϊˣ¼ңҲõ¼Ҵࡣ
ʮ껣¼߽ܵѡӱȴܾ߽ܵͷһ߽ܺǲͽѵ껡˭֪һߣǰ¼߽ȫܣǷǳɵ֡
ʱ¼ҵˣϡִ¡ը˹ȥǾ¼һ˲һ콾콾ҲҪʱȥɳĥġ
չֳʵƺǽֱ˹ȥ¼˶ǾŵĲСԺ¼Ҿȫֱ֮ӽ껵һȫࡣ
ֹ֮һ꣬ʮ껣츳ǿֲզ࣬ͻ˾絽֮¼ҵٴξڶδ¼Ҽݡ
ʮͻƵ񾳣¼ȫ延֮ʱһ֮ʧӰ٣Ѷȫޣ
˵ҫ˵ͷǰڶԼ΢Ц꣬΢Цһ󣬷·Ϊӡ֤Ļ˵СȻôҵ¼껵ͷأȻԻô


ʮ ᣡ
ǧС԰ڷƵĺʮﴦһһ۹ͷɮվһͭɫԲǰ˽
ĹͷǧС԰þûôֹ
һȺ߹ѣƲʲôˣ
ôץҲмƾ߸ϲͽܿɵסģһӳС԰ɾѱ
ǰܹӵóУվҲ̫СǧС԰ˣҼȻǣͲӣڵɲţһֱǣ
ߣ㵹ͦõģԹⶾԪҪʲôʱҵԿҪˣ
ôˣ⼸ʱôʱһǱɿˣ
鶾أʮ꣬ĺݵģ
ţץķĵرʮ꣬ǿ鶾ʿ򶾾ԪĻĸĸȪˣܻڣֻǽ͵򶾾ԪջѣҲûʲô԰
ǺǣĹͷ𶾻ʣ˶ĸأһƶɮɱȲأ
ߣĻħɮͷͱҵĺôˣϻĪҪ˵ػⶾԪʱҪͷݲðʧ
ģƶɮִ֪磬ƶɮڣû˿Կ˱򶾾ǡ
𶾻ĹĻħɮվôһһţһһаħߣǹŽֳĹҪΪ£վ֮⣬һҪ顣
ǾǰͭɫĶԪ鶾򶾾ԪһɸɿĶԪɢŵɫĻ滨һ·ɫͺһ㣬ɫĻԵ쳣а
ԪڣžŰʮһݰվŹλֲܣм鶾ӵʱ۴˫Ŀ£ֿߴ̫ѨϻĹվ̸ˡ
ԭˣԭˣصʦ𣬾ҼŵĳˣҺ󣬸ĵرĵĸҷãΪ˽ҵ򶾡ѹ֣ѹֶҰ˳ѹֲҳޱ֣ҳǧС԰֣֮һʮѪ׷ѡԭˣҽŵĳˣɶˣݵ̫أ
˫Ŀе鲻ͣ󻺻ı˫ۣԺУ˰ҫǾն˰ҫĸ룬˰ҫһ䣺СܣԸô
ҫ磬Ļٴһΰɣ

飡
кٿձˣһתأһߣؿڴɫȳߵѪһЦǰʬ˴鷳ĶҲûжٵη壬սǡ
ںڰҫ֮Ȼн٣ҲʲôʵģҲԼĲԩ
ҫʵȻͷûģԼҫҲǿżǿ˿ĺԺӰҫΪϳĿ꣬ǳС
̬仯ĺԸҲ΢ĸı䣬ѾòǰǰᣬǸ߸ϣһ̬߰˷֮࣬˿ȥǫѷ˲٣Ҳī˸߿˲٣ֻҪ֣ǰ;Ҳġ
ҲΪĸı䣬ŻóĸԸֻ֣֮ǰľ棬Ƕֶ鷳ĺܡ
˶ǽ֣״Ҳ˿˿ۣศɣû˿ɬСڶ˵֮ͨ£ǳΪʬʮӲǱն˾ˣʣµˣǸǴ˲С鷳
ŵȥô˵Ĳᰡ
ЦȻ˵Ļ̸ʮ㡣Ҳ˵˵ѣߣ䲢ȥһ̬ͬ
ˣߣڸ˵ôﲻ㣬һ˾ܽһƲ䡣
ʮǰͶǽжɱ֯ʮ˸ÿ˶Լһ׶žҳʱʮͬʱжβˣĬһЩǸߵˣᱻΧɱ
УɱɱֻΪ棬Ϊ𣬰˵ɱֻֽ轫Ŀɱɣ޹ԱϲᡣնݳУҲһ㲻Ӥ֣ɱ֣Ǳ̬ɱ֣Űɱٳ֡
ʮȴȻǽӲһڣĿߵ˽УӤͯһɱࡣֶμײУȫΪݽ䣬֮ԻһȷѪ꣬ɱֽ绹磬պգȻ
ǰʮ׷ɱһĿ꣬׷߱ʱʮͣסŲˣޱֵʮ˵ͷҪԾҲе΢ĵ
ʮΪͷ׷ɱޱ֣ɾΪͷǴʱĲҵճʮһ⣬Ĺʬ
ǰˣʮˣҲǿˡһȭͱѣһƷݴʣµһһŮǵ֡
ŮӣĲ˼飬꼻һ֣գ۶ϲĵ١еĵȻŮҪѷһҲͬޱȣʵһһǿŪĺе㽹ͷö
Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵƣֻ΢΢һ䣬ޱȣμܶת˲ѵͷ
˫Ŀһ߳߱潣һƬĽâˮкأܶңһǰ޿ײ룬ͣƥͷĳ˱ȥ
ֳʺ̵Ůȳ֣ӭֱĽâʺ̵趯âǵأ֮죬Ʋصܲ͸磬Ľâݺѹ飬ַΪơ
ۼˣҧҧһᣬһ٣һ㺮˸ֱʪأܳʪˮȫں֮У۳һ߳߱泤
˫Ŀӿ˫֮ͫɫڟo˪ӿ˫ƽһתӭתķ֣âһ񱩷һȦȦɫΧܣԵɭޱȣȫնһˡ
潣հ壬˪ѩ޳
һ㣬ɱ产ˣǰʺɫâƸ͸ѣͬʱŮ͸һΪɫѪҺһأֳʺ̵Ůӣ
ȥһ֮һ֮ǰȫĲ٣ģֱһնŮӡ
ֻеСʮı£ǳʬһʵڣǴⲻã˵ں֮ʱһڵӡѾԽԽˡ
һʹһѪֱͷӡīɢһа֮ͬʱһаҲأݺķɡ
һ׳Ӱ಻ֽʯ׺аīƼΪˡ
׳ƲˣԺ׷ʹҪ¡


ʮһ ң
Ѫӭаƣη֮ʣֱ泤һɨ׳Ӧ䲻ν죬һأӰԲתһǣ˫֮䣬漴˫һϣǿͣ泤ĵϸ顣
˫ĿһŻΪƬı潣Լٴ鹥Ƶ׳һƶֱ潣ɨһתʱһƬڱ泤н֮УһıֱƬǿۣ۵糸һ㼱׳
ͻƬƣ˸ѷӦĹ׳Ϊʮǿļ֮һʬսľӦ֮û˻֡
ֻŲæ׳ͦأһƣһµǿ˳ƺ
׺ӡɽһѹȥƾ֮ǿֱ֮ҪǰĿռ飬ƷǱ潣Ƭһ飬ûһöܽƾȥƲֱ享ȥ
һ㵣ԼһУٳӣʤͻȻ仯Էһֲ˭֪û𵽰ֵЧԷֻʼδ
нһԵ棬һֱǰһɴ͸֮׳ӡ͸ɢһȥֱ׳š
߲Ųæ·ѽƿ͸һƴƫһ磬籼ףƱͻںߣ͵ľĺѪ
ֻ⻹û꣬׳һٴκͬһϣƱ仯Ǽ죬εֲˣƾӣ˺Ļ߹Ǵˣ˿Ѫݺݷˡ
ϵػгһɿ⣬Ļ۴Ŀģ߼ݰ磬˵ļ֮أںͣסз֮ʱ԰֮˶ݺݵĶ׳ţеѪͣӿ
ڵаڲϵʴľұ߹Ǿۣ۵ûȥҪвʣºʱѾˡ
ںոշ֮ʱһӰҲͬˤߣؿһȭӡ쳣ԣ׶ʱеѪͬҲͣҲˡ
˶һۣ֮о˵ĵĹվǰʬԼɱ
˵ʵڵģǰͦģڿȥĨһѪЦ
ҪˣôŤŤĸվֱˣΪѩѱһĸ֣Ҳƣ΢΢˵ųؼϵ֣ԽĽ
ԴĺҲ˵Ļôò˵㽲ĺܶԣЦ
΢ЦƼأڰعǹѣ߹ǹۣǰڵʬֱɱУǶ㲻Ҳˡ
ʲôʶӢӢôѽˣ
Ϥ볣ͬʱüͷһƣͬʱһȻ˵ˣôԼþ
һâдһӰӶɴֱܶʬȥٶȿļ侪ˣ̼ʬͷ˫һһչϯķһԲʮɣƾޱȡ
ֲľѹ˴˫ֱ£صĺյӱţ̼佫ɣƾ֮ǿյӺݽһ֮һܽӺ䴩С԰ĵ棬׹µޱֵ棬յӵС
ƣٳǣ
ƾ׺ͣӺݽ֮ǿĻ˽ʣʬǿȿߣӰɱյ֮󣬴ܳӶֱ׳ȥֻƳɵѵĻ浶âῳ׳
巺Ұ׵׳Σ壬˹ᾢӿһīǿ׳֮ϣһһ壬ƵâȥӲӲǿǿ
飡
һ죬ĺ볣ضĤһʹǰһĻеͣ׳ǿǿǺԵǿұ۱浶âıɫѪһأâ֮£׳ƾ񶹸һ
ҵâںֱ֮ȥֱͣۻ׳ͷ­ɣԾͷ׳˵һжӲסֱ촦
ʮֻʣһˣҲȭ֡Ȼ³Ҳ֮ǰʮһǾ
âں볣صǰ֣۾һһʣȭ֣˫ͷԱ䴩ֱͦͦͷ£ӰҸ£βָָʳָɢŵɫʮˡ
ż죬ż죬Ѿǿֵزôһ޷Խˣ
̾ϢһĴܸУԷĽѾԸϵˣֻԽԽԶԼеǹǿ֮𣬿ʼԽԽ
ҫ֣˷лȣ飬ؼˣԺػررȭһ˵
ҴҸϵս޲ʤӰǰҫʵ֮ǿ׾ٵĺɱʮǿˣ볣һĥļ䡣
ֻǣ˼ǾɥģΪԼҲûǸȥԽҫˣʼðҫĿ꣬ΪҫʱʵоҪϳңɼ
ÿ˵Ը뷨ǲͬؿûк뷨ûҫǿ˵ǿе㲻˼飬ǿе޷죬ҲֻԾ뾪ѣǵģܼǱڵĶ־
ΪҫҲˣҲ࣬ҫܹﵽĸ߶ȣͬҲܣֻҪԵʱ䣬ϽɾͲҫ١
ֻϣ̬ȣѾȫԿصĳɾͣﲻҫĸ߶ȣҲضں
ҫ΢΢һЦǰ˫ִڶ˵ļϣǾľڣͬʱЦʲô鲻ģ˵ʶһİ·ˣҰҫҲһѣȴˣһкá
ҫո£ֻоһܻ˿ڲʹѿĹȻ漣ϲ٣ڵаǱĸɸɾ񹦵Ĵ֮ٴξ
ҫ˫뿪˵˫֮󣬶˽³һܵѾҪҫԼҲ˹Ϣ
ҫ΢˵˾л㲻ӵ񣬰ҫҲֻܵͷʾ⣬ȫܹе⣬ֻǣҲûа취ȥĽᣬĽҪԼȥ⣬ҫ㹦ͨ죬Ҳûа취˺١
һ֮󣬺볣صϢϣѲҪ˻֣߳ʱǰĳ棬ֻһǾǣң
ңҵĺ˽˴壬洦ɼս˷ʽƴɵƵƵɢһӰתͣеıеزеһУݺ׷ɱǧС԰Ѿҵһ˺յĵز
ⳡҵʼٸߵȻǰİҫˣΪеʮ֣ʮ֣ڱѺĶ̼㱩ƻһ֮Ƿһ˵ʵ˾ȻǧС԰
޷ȥʵ֤֮˿˵ŭ𣬶򵨱ȻҪĸ꣬츲ء
ԭǳȥһЩңǣҲδе̫˰ɣ


ʮ ̳Ҫı뾪㤣
찡ǿħĹ׹ǵȻô࣬ǶѰ
ǽѹĽҵʵػһ¥ҵˣ˭Ҿɱ˭
ߣǲݵһȺʶļһЩӲҰıȵľգֿ˵Ǳʣͻƾ񻨣ĵرһȺʶñ
ʱǧС԰Ļ̳֮ڣӰشܶÿһεĿЦһŵر֣ϲģ޲Ҫ̳ա
̰ޱȣεģ·İҫ˺Ƕġʵ̳ڵˣǰҫųʮ֮һ
ȻҲ˶ǰЩǰ㲻֪ƣǰ̳ڵҲֻʮеİѣ·ˣ׷׶֮Աǡ
ʵ˶֪ǧС԰ǱϿȥô򵥣ֲĵرĻ̳ȫҲժҲϹˡ
ҫֱ߹̳ЩĵرȫӶƶһֱֱۣ˹ȥ
̳ڵĸָտʼ䱸Ͼһ˾ͻһݱǵȻ˽ⱦظʳһҰҫ˿ȥҲܲǣǲ֦
Ȼʤδ֪춯̫ˣǿ̵ĺôֻԽԽ٣Լҫ·ȫһΪģ˶һͬʱֿʼű˴ˡ
ڰҫ߹֮һ翸ͭɫ޵Ҳ֮ǿڼϵľ޵˶Ҫ󣬺ʵĵһ֪ޱȣƫƫڿһƵģԵúɣ޵СγĶԱȡ
곤ͨڼкһۣܲǼ翸ľ޵ģʵ˲Ŀѡ
ɾˣ̳ڵҲֻ΢һ£漴㲻꣬ȥȥץЩݣ꣬ǰЩĵر
һƲ̳ڵڷ˷ƵĵҲժ滨һһĵϵıϲ˷ܣ˷ܵϲӿϲֵһֹԵúܲѰ
һȺӹˣͷôģ֪νޣ꿴Ż̳ˣЦһݺݵһĭı֮ɫ
С
СޣڲԣҴ򲻳ɣ
ϵľ޵һѵҪˣ˭Ҫ
⻨̳ڵˣĲмը˹˶쳣ŭɶȫʧȥһ㣬˷Ƶĳꡣ
һԶѪ˫ĿԵú죬һ׶ͺħһ㣬һ쾪㤵Ļ档
ĿһЦͣǰ˵ɷƺûʲô֮УڿСһ㿴ˣȫ޲˱ŭȺ̡֮
ᵶһӣâնϯͶңȴɾʮ㣬ʽȴ͸¶һͷâʵޱȣƷȴˣɾ쳣¡
ӹһ֮¿ؼͷѿƸƥľ޵ȴóᾢ˵ַ伫䲻
ܣС޾Ȼܰôľ޵תᲢõľʵ˹ֲⲻܣ
СʩչʲôҾȻ֫˲ֹù죡
ǰyǰym䶼˭
ĿֲʵЩƷɵ׵˴㵲ѣʵͲеͷˣ˲²ǰ꣬ʲôߣϻͯľǿߣоһﵽĳޣϻͯʲô޷ܵ顣
̳ڵһ˵˰yôǰݾ쳣ˡ껣޵Ȼǰyɡ
УʲôСүʵʵ汾£˵ǲ֪ν̧ˡӹˣʱ˭˵ҵʵΣʡʱൣĵԼɣ껴ŲмĵЦ
⻰ʲô˼һüĿ꣬ĳüͷʵ
ո껵ĵâǵһģƷ֮˻òһֵعܣ˵ķӦҲԼͬ껵ʵĪΪԼ״̬֮ǰһɵģʵϣȴˡ
ɭȻһЦЦݣ˲ҵı᲻ҶôǲǸоͷۻ֫᲻˲˹
껵ĻɭȻаЦڳ˶ëֱʱˣͺƵһˮһӾˣʲô׹ˡ
ǧ򶾣ǧ򶾣ǧָʬĹƣأ̳ˣ̳ΪʲôûʬפأҲûʲôΪͲҪĶκθ֣κʬҪ˰ġ
ʶһʱΪʱ⻨̳ڴ̫ˣ̫ˣõڵĶѾ뵽Ѫ֮У֮Իл̳ڵĶΪЩΪ֮ĵر
ʵЩеЩʲôƨ񻨰ݰȾ˶ģÿһֶͬȫǾ綾ôһ
ž
껵Цһֳָ֮һ˾㤵Ļ棬ԵȵİҫҲҪһ亹
̳ڵصˣһƤ䣬ȫѳѪڻڻһ̱ࡣ
һھͺһ㣬ͣ͵ٶȲ죬ȴֹס˵͵˼㣬Ѫʮ׿⣬Ҳ̶á
֮ǰʻĿֵ꣬Ŀǰ˵Ĳ²ѡ
ͻȻһ˫ϺɫѪ˿ϵľȫ߸͹𣬳һϺɫ۶ڱѪ䣬һû꣬ͺ񲻼еѪɾͲͣƵģͣʱѾɱƸʬһ㵹أݣž־ı顣
ʣµĶ˻Ŀ˲֪ǵ̳ȥҪ뿪ֲֿĻ̳ǳˣ˺ܾá
ûܼͻȻ˫۵ɵͭһ㣬ʼͣĺУҵĺľ˵ǣ˱ܱ߽֮ʱ˺ץԼ壬Ƥ˺ⱻץãθֱԼ౻ԼץԺ󣬶ӭ浹ء
һĹƳ棬Ӷ˵ĶŲһŲȱԹۣǰëȻһĻƺûжһ˿ĴȻЦҲûһ˿ıڣԵú䵭
껺̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷ漴ŰyС뿪ˡ
뿪֮ʱǱҫųһŵ̱ڵϣ֮ǰһĻʵڣֻһĻŲˣ¶ɸ˫ĿеĿ־֮ɫ쳣ԣ֮ǰһĻ㹻ϼجˡ
ҫ磬ҾбҪһŶأԴһȵı飬Űҫ˵



ʮ Сɱʬ
ǧС԰Ļ˽ʱ֮ãҫзųʮ֣һ֮󣬱⵽Ĵ
ԭʮˣʱ˿̽ʣˣν˲أʣȻǸеĸ֣зֱħ֮һħ¼ҵһţ껣Ĵ֮һ̷ںڽߣħġ
ʵʮ֦ͬСĽͬ˵ĻҲڻصĺֻʮڸԵУǸ߸ϵĴڣһҲ˭Ҳ˭
һӳǸΪȫûϵĴ㣬ǳԿͳԿĲ롣
С԰ڵʬֱ޾ɱ⣬ʵĶʥĸ֣ϵѹһӳĸ֣ҪʥʬΧɱ˵ǼΪ
еǣ˫ȭѵ֣ûܲסȺǣھͬ£ʤĹؼҪʽϵĶԱˡ˶ҫʵѾﵽͬȾĴڣڹѲȻҪ
ȻҲЩ˲صԭ֮һʮ˵ĵģǣͬǶǧС԰Ҳԭ֮һ
Ϊؼյ˷ܸУǵ۾ɱˣǧС԰𶾻ʵѣǱϿȥô򵥵ġ
Ĳ˵⻨̳ǿֲĶأѾʮʧ룬̱һˣ֮ˣ˵ҫǰһĻ
ʱ˵λڣľ󷽰һƬյأһƬûһݵĴڣǰĻ棬Եúǹ죬볣ظ¶һ˼ı顣
һƬͷˮţÿһˮڣһֲɫҺԼһҺУֻ¶ͷ˫Ŀ壬Һ岻ϵķݣҲʬһ㲻Ϊ
˻ǰȥһעɫҺˮף˶üͷֱ壬ǹŻĸȳϢ˺ܲڡ
ҫ볣˻˵Ͼ˶һЩζ϶ǺܸߵģܰŮζԵúǷˣüͷûչͲûһˡ
ѾͷЩʲô
ҫ΢΢üʵ˵ʵڵһ޼ʵˮףԼˮݵˣĺܲһҪپĳ嶯
΢΢һ㶣˼ɨһܣ漴ҡҡͷصҫ磬ǰЩɫҺˮףҲһƶ˻ʬķɣҲͨ˵Ҳҿ϶ⷽмңʰС߸ʦ֣Ҳģʱ
ҫ˵ͷڵ£һûɣ費Ҫȥ֧Ԯ
΢΢һЦҡҡͷһԵĺڻص㲻Ҫģ񾳵ʵʰ߸һ׾٣ҪҪӻĥ볣أƾһ˾ԿΧľ棬Ͼѩѱһĳƺſɲǰ׽еġ
꺫ĻҫԵе΢ˣҲ֣ȻֻƴһУǰҫоԼȫΪӮԷġ
߸ʦжʵҫǻһ˽ģ˵˵ʵС
Ǵʦ֣ʦ֣ʦ˽֣ȻʱԼһ֮ȫѹˣ˵ʵڵİҫ֮ԻᱻԼѹΪս࣬ԼĵԵʡ
ԴϣȴĻôǵİҫԸҲ鷳ĺܡ
֮ǰҫҲ˵߸ʦֶʥĸ֣ÿ˶Լصڹķʽ֮£ټռơǰҫûͻƵʱʵ֮жԵĻʤʹҲֶѡ
ԭ򣬰ҫʵɡеĿ϶оԼеСɱѩѱĵһˡ
Ͼ߰纫ô˵ˣôʵӦñеĻҪǿֹƵĽ֣Է϶ˡ
ûȷˣμܰʱֻ߳ɵĹ֪ܰҫʶַ֮ɿջɹʣµɹҫжȥȻðҫСһѡ
ߵܰǰγ̣һ죬ûˮеɫҺУ֮󽣷ִһǱ¶ڿе壬漴ϵɫҺ˦һ֮ܰüͷԽԽˡ
ǱڵϵɫҺ壬ɢһ˿˿̣ͬʱǿһ㣬ʼʴ棬ⶾ֮ңɼһߡ
ǻģڣֻǽ˼״̬ܰüͷ˵
öôƾѾͷ˵ʵ˻ʬɣҫ˵ͷüص
ûȷʬֻĶֻǰƷѣҲ˵ǰʬɣ
˵ĲԶδȵ߼Уʱ·ϣӻ谵Ŀռ߳ϻ˿Ĵʦ֡
μ£
볣رȭ˵ҫܰҲǱȭһ񣬶Ȼѩѱˣǻеġ
壬ˣ㶼ˣûʲô鷳ɣ΢΢һЦ˵
ĵ˵ͷеĴʦ֣СƵãǰ̲ĵɱˣһСá
˵ɱˣȫһ䵭ı飬ͺ˵ԼϳʲôƵãԵúνҲǰ׽еġ
ƲһɫҺˮˣָߵˮףʬһַɫҺ壬һĶҺа쵱顣˶ǿԶȫʹ񾭣Ľṹ˵˼άݻǣʧȥ֪ʧȥ˼ʧȥʹУΪһʬ⡣
ֻо֮󣬲ܽһֹƣùƳԣЩʬΪԼ̼ܵڵʬԱǰĹʽԼսľ뱾ΣյĸӦ
˵ǿֻʬİƷԱΪʬֻʬκһ֣һֶʬѾʧܾˡ
Ļһ䣬˽ǵͷѣ𶾻Լ߸ӵʬ֮ˣֲʵΪҫ쳣ķС
ӣǰа˾ˣԺʬ嶼ҪõĻô߾Ī裬޹ƶаֻһֿĸо̬ѡ
ôİҫ֪ҫֻ֪ԼĸоǣŭһֹĵŭΪǰΪΪǶ񣬰ҫԻ岻ݴǵĽȥ
£İʬܾȻôҫʵ
ǾҪ˱쵱飬˶ˣһ㳬ĻȳһĶأҲֻһûκθоʬѣΪԺ񾭶Ѿˣû֪Ҳǰ׾ȡ
ҹ۲һ£ҲǾֵһȣ쵱ɫӦǸսûжãӦû٣ľ񹦰˹һ죬̼ԣڶءȫԽȻ
ָ̧ȥءܰ¶һģҫ¶һԾģ
ָˮˣҫ˵ǺϤҲˣڱʱսħԳŵľ콾Ҷ


ʮ ûûԹҪȣˣ
ţ»ؿһĶû֮һڴ˵һҶȻŵĻһϸ£˫ϱȣʵȻ
νԼԼ֪ؿܽͷϴҪƴҲϾž԰ܹһΣôΣ˫ʵߵͣڽеһУԼűҲĺܡ
뵱ǺĿܴɨһ񣬼ֱܵɱ̳ҪϡͿĳѳʷ
ӵһʡ֮أڸֲ࣬Ҳ˶ѣˣȴÿһӵƥȫʵʵƳĿܴ
ͬڽɢĿɣŵĿֱܼ似ĴڣĲ˵ǲҪֿƣпܶһԸ㣬̾Ϊֹ
ټǺɳһĿԼ𾪺֮컯Ʒܻأŵʵ֮ѩѱһضá
ҶڵݣҲ¼ҵݵͬǲɶãųһľ콾עҶļ飬뿴ƪѩѱ캮˪ʮ 
ֻǣڵľ콾Ѿ˵˶ʬҲλʦֵĵƽˡ
üˮ˫ĿյҶҫԴһᣬҶץȥֱȴֽס
ҫ磬Ҫôʵ
԰ȻеľȣΪβأҫ˵ͷص
Ҷѽ
ü˵һ˸еĪĻڳ˵ļʶûҶﱾˣڽǽͷǻжŵģֻǼȻҶоȣΪ
Ҷ𾪺İͽҲһָ콾Ҫܾ൱ڱĽţڽеκ˶ԣаһģΪǺܲףҲֻаҫһܶ
Ѿͷ֪ʲô˼Ҷĵ޵УҶǽֵܡҾмΪҶĵԵʶҳ֣ô
ҫЦ˵˵ͷڰҫϵ֣ûɿļ
ҫЦݸڽ͵ѾͷˣҶĵЩҲᣬֻǣԾȣȴӶɲҵԸҲҵ磬ϾҸûûԹѽ
ҫ΢Цŷȥָ֣֮˸ߵԴǾ죬ţߣ飬ˣݱ飬Ҳɷǿɰ
ҫִҶļϣھڣˮڵİ쵱类˵Ŀˮڡ
ھԺʲôķӦǾˣֻĶΪˡοҫʵһҶһû
һ򲽽ʹҲУǻǣһͲˣ¶ѣҶʵˣҲϹˣ
ҫһһЦҫĻҲ΢΢һЦҲǣڳһʡ͵ĵƣ°һ̧¶һڷȥı飬ҫпޣ˶ԽҪΣԵʮ㡣
ڰҫҶھ˼άʱ˶һˣǾǱһ߲ܲ˵Ĵʦ֣Ѿˣһɫķ۳ɢ
˿һЩҫ˵˿
һӿƥĴ𾢴Ӱҫڱ𾢲ҫԵüµҶﶸȻһ˫ĿһչŰҫٿն
Ҷ뿪ˮ֮ע쵱ˮ˲ըҺܷɽһԵҲ֮ȫҲûմһ˿İҫʥĻֲǰźÿġ
عһ˳񣬿죡ҫһںȵ
ϤҶ˲ϥأ˫ۻӶת˳Űҫת̼ͨ¶
һ֮󣬰ҫջƣҶһų˵״̬ȥ˲٣ԭƤʼתΪɫϢҲԽԽƽȣŵľţǱҫȻˡ
ǰҫûɾңҶĿ˹˵
ҫµĿҶƽӺߣڵЦȻɣɾǣ㣬Ծ;ˣҪǲϲѽҾ
Ҷһ˫ĿҫҲ˿ĵ˻ȥ߿˶ͷһֻҪҶʲôΪ˱ֱӽ͵
ҶӲǷ飬˷ˣպػỹ㣡ҶΪ˵ᶨƣ⻰Ҳǳġ
ҫνʼ磬Ҷֱ񣬵˵ͷصҪ˵㻹Ҳİɣɣ
ҫΪҶôԼΪ˱ľģʵȻտʼҶȷ˼Ǻȫˡ
ҫ֪Ҷ֮һȥôҫƻԼ˶Էп䣬ҶԴšΪ񶼼˰ҫܰϡ

ܰǽֻѷɫֵòסҶ۾ͬҲסģ߸оԼˡܰĿУȴֻаҫһ˶ѡ
ˣȻþȵѾˣôЩȲ˵ľͻȥɣҿɼʬ廹òǸһѰɣһеʼٸߣ˭ʵжǿֻҪǣֻһ³Ǿǣ
ҫ˵ĳȣҲĺܣǹ޵ƣڳ˶⣬Ƕ֪ҫԸ񣬸ĳŵ˵ĻҪɡʬ֮ˣһڰҫϡ
ֻǣҫҲΪĲˣʦһĳЦ
ʲôҪǿ㻹еôķϣСһն㣡ܰһƲеİŰγơ
ǺǣնңȹĹԼɣΪʲôطǧС԰ʦɭһЦ˫һչɫ۳Ʈɢ֪Զ
һٶڳֲ̫õԤУϢĹˮڱ쵱ݵ壬һһ˫ۣ
ͻıʣͷһǵʮˮڵˣȫɱˡ
ǧʬǾ쵱ǿ޴ѰʬǿֹҫǴ˷ɣʦ˫ĿѪ쳣˻ƵɤԵúˡ
ô
ҫЦеĿŴʦ֣˫۽˫ָڿֱָۣĴֳָָɫ㣬ʳֳָָɫ㣬ָָɫ㣬βָָɫ㣬ɫۣʦǿҵļ¸ΣոС


ʮ սɮŽĿֲ

һ·ӵ˫أʮ֮Զֻһֹס֮ƣһ𣬽ǰѵİyס
˫Ŀһ£һ̤棬һֱڵֱ䲻Զһüɮеİy棬;һĵۡ
볤üɮֻ׾ʱһ񱩵ĵâֱüɮţ߲Ųæ˫һϣâУɵâľȴɮݺѹˣ˵ĻҪԶ
˫սyбһڣȫԼɵƶΣ˫Ŀ裬˵ƾ۶ֳһȫĳȡ
ͺ¿Ҫ㣬үҲᱻܱһҪúýѵ㣬һйͷ֮ޣ껳˵ǳüɮѲ˸ϵ
Ǳâѹ˵ɮ˫Ŀһаӿ˫Ȼһ壬˫еĵâѹķ飬£񼫶ݣԴһֱŭ˵ʩֺαͱˡȷһʱ֣֣֮Ҳ֮ͬܺһ³Ҳò˶١ΣӦͬЭǣֺαؾڹȥأ
ͺ¿߶ҸͬЭ㷢λ̫Щôϻٹ껾ٵڼϣĻز
üɮ˫Ŀ΢Уȵľиһ˲䣬Ųһһչһа˵ٶȿĲ˼飬ֱ껶ȥ˫ʮɵľ룬գ۱㵽ǿݵ˳ƺͣһɭޱȵа
һȵľɮ֣ԼͻȻɾ̬ҲǹΪյ֮ƣ治֪ССͣôֲս顣
ֻ΢΢һ࣬˫յǰպõɮڵһƣһ죬yһɾɾȴȫûк껷ֺ벽û˳
˫һתһһޱߵᾢɮһƸŲƿ漴ٵնüɮߣһ򣬱пĲ˼顣
ͺ¿ȥ
껵ķӦ֮ʵ˾̾ѣƱ仯Ҳ֪һޱȵӦ
Ȼ⻹ֻΣ˲ǣȻܽyָ;׵ľ޵ʩչᾢɼʵ߳m඼ֹyãǱӵ쾡¡
繥֮£ֻбʬϣƶҪŵòᣬɳüɮȴǹһЦôʩҲе̫Сˣ
yһüɮʱüͷһƣаyĴмʵڣ·ţ뺣޻Ƶã˿껸оʧȥһ㣬ޱȡ
۳üɮаЦͣ˫Ŀӿ˵ǳһּΪŤУͺץֽһ㣬ܵһռ价ŤĹ컭档
ܷһ
ԾĻȻһɵĻζͺ¿Уüͷ΢΢һ壬о˳üɮ쳣
üɮȻһЦ˫Ŀ׹磬ȭ򣬶ʱȭ£ȭǧȭ׺ݱͣȭƳֱֱӽ껵ͨ͸
Сÿ
üɮȻ֮ɫȥڵȭͷеĽֻ껵ĲӰѣѼдһ׾Զʮ׿⡣
һΪĹѵıռ价֮ûŸԭǽ˴޻֮Чҳֻþʶ˾ֹ⼿ͺ¿㻹˼ó֣ҪҪˣ
Цͣο缲磬ţüɮҲһչĳߣţϸЦͣ
ǣʲôⲻģֻҪ֣Ǻü
ߣҲ·ͷ¹˭ֻΪ֪أٴ

һӰһаӰཻ֯ϴ볤üɮɱۣ߱ߴһ·֮£㶷ϰڣֱ˳ǧС԰ľ֮Уͣ½Ų
֮ԻͣΪǲòͣڶľУһΰɫ񱩷âʵޱȣ׺ݰԵǵغòˡ
ࡢȡɫ籩һϯֹâ֮ܵЩݷ·𶹸һ㱻飬Ľ磬ͣǱɡ
ÿֲĽδѾۣƥж֣
һԼӦ죬Լʵ뽣֮УҲҪˡڲԶĳüɮһ԰֮ɫе뷨Ҳͬ
ʱһӰŷˣ׹¥ڶ˽ǰؿмɼǵѪԵ쳣Ŀġ
Сǳ򣬻ΪԼж˲ˣҰҫǰֲţҸ㣬ھԵʵǰ˶δʹ󰡣
ʱǰĲԶŮ˻Ϊһǰҫ
껣
㣡
ʱصǰһ̣ҫվǧ򶾰ʬͨʦֵΧ˶ȥֳ˶ԴΨҫһԵôݵƺȫûнǰվ
ʮ򶾰ʬɱʱҫ˲Ҫ֣Լһǰ߽򶾰ʬΧɱ֮ƣ˸оҫеԴˣܰһֹģ
ֻǣʵ֤ҫûд󣬶࣬ҫ˫۽˸ָָϵɫ㣬ͬʱâָâ͸ָһ˲֮䣬ȥǷ˶ʮ߰ʬͷ­
֮󣬿ܷƽ޾һ򶾰ʬҫ巴Ц˿Լ˫֣Ե쳣˷ܣ˫ٴָڿָɫâ֮ոգٶȻǾһࡣ
âͣޱȣƽǶȵָ꣬˽쫷ɨϿ򶾰ʬͷ­ǸĿɿڴҲ֮ǰԵõĴʦ֡
ƲͣϢҫͺȫûƵãϵĻӶֱۣת󣬰˸ָĽâǿƥޱȣûһգһâɱ򶾰ʬ
ʱΪģԲһ֮ڣûһ򶾰ʬܽ˵׷ڰҫĽ֮£˳̿ˮѾûˣǱĲС
ܽͣҫԽԽ죬ͨʵ䣬ķǴʦνϾ򶾰ʬѾտʼǰӿ糱ҫٷһڣʼʱѾûһ߻ŵİʬڣеֻ˵ɴ˫ĿԼûеϵ°͡
ֲĽǰҫոѧľڶ񽣣ֲɱ񣬶һľ
ʦ֣İʬ군ˡˣһûʦ鷳֤һˣ
ҫɭһЦ˫ȭĴָĴָһԣһСͳɫ˫ָ֮䣬ʵޱȣС͸˲Сӡ
ʦһ亹ӣӲˣҫѾӶ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢УЦ񽣣˫գ
һ;ף磬һʰĳɫâӰҫһ˫Ĵָм䷢գ۶ʱ˴ʦֵġ


ʮ Խ˵Ŀ꣡ȥˣ
ҫˣǰ߽yؼ򣬿ǿ׳İҫԼҲ䱸һ첻µزµģƺҫ˵ǿݣ˵ûж˲ƵãǳüɮֱüͷŲʼƶ
ŵ˿ĴʦŬŬ죬һԵĳأǰһ̽ţص΢˵ĺأǲ
˵ͷص취סҫأ
һԵĺ̾ϢһЦţҫһ˿ֲȴܹ˲֮ۺƿʵ̾Ϊֹ治֪ôģÿμһǿֹҪڵʵ˵ˣ֮£ҿûУֱӱѹ壡
΢΢һЦģȻܹ̬ϵı仯˵һҫǲĵĻôڶҫԸϷˣһҫΪһԵĳԽĿ꣬ϾͶ֮ͬľǿһЩҲǿԽܵġ
ǣʱ˿̵ĺѾȫ˽ҫĿԽĴ㣬Ϊҫ֮ǰչֳǿе㳬ĿɽܷΧ
׾ٵĻʬ볣Σ֮УǸոָ콣ǧʬϾɱ
һжѾһңɼȫ޷ƥУ޷׷ϵĸоԸԼһȫ޷ԽĿ꣬ûôɵҲû⣬ÿ˵Ŀ궨λߵѹĸߵ⡣
ȻҲ˶纫ǰ뷨˵ءȻҫĿ꣬еĲǿԸЩʱǱȺκ˶ҪˣѩѱһǿĶˣ˵Ǹи뷨Ҳиδ
ؿڣҫԼܰߵǰ˶һҫȿЦ껣һֱܺ棬ôy񿸶ƵÿڼƵã˵Ҳйٽذɣʱ޿̲תҲ۰ɣ
Դһᣬ˷ۣһЦ˵ͨ飬ΪĵһεѿģֻҸӻ̫Сֲ̫Źֻۣܿ
ҫ˵ͷ껵Ļ˼оǰδļһܲ򵥣ܹ뵶ͨ齻УΪܼ򵥵ô
˵ˣҲ⣬㣿΢΢һЦʵ
ҫٴεͷʾ⣬صʲôʵľֱʰɣܸľش𣡡
ոյЩɫŵģ껱ʱޱȣҲΪ
ҫ˵ͷصţǵģ
û´ĻӦϹžڹķ񹦵⹦Ž԰ɣ
û
ҸᣬҼʶһνľǲдеô
û⣡
һһ𣬿ȥƺָ֮䣬ϧζȻܰͳһֱȽ϶׵뷨ҫ磨磩ɶɣ
ˣô⣬Ҵ󲿷˶û뿪С԰ѵҪııҪ𣡡ҫ껿ʵ
εķ˷ۣҪʱһ֮ǰ˵ΪǶȥˣĻ˭Ըط
ҫ˻عͷǰħһ׳ӲԶ׳߳ߣһսף͸⾫׳ŨüۣǸ㲻񰵲⣬ϢȣҲһ֡
桢̷ľͷ͸˵ˣȥȥҪȥ˷һݹԱû¸ɵĻҴһʵʣ
һƲˣӻпӦʶˣ򣬶ҲЦᡣ
ҫ˿ǰĶˣħ֮ǰйкǼǵãֻս׵ľ׳ӣͲʶˣҲǲʮеһˣҫʹȣһ£Ҳͬûʲôɫ
ҫּ֣ˣ֮ٴлˣһǶĴ֮һ̷̷ľͷλǽǳģҫһˣԾ֮ˣǲӦôкǰ
ħ΢΢һЦ˴̷䣬ŬŬ죬һƲȭ˵һл㲻ɼҲһϧ̱
ҫ˵ͷǻˣҲխֻǶЩسŵˣ̸ʲôУҲʲôøУϻӦ㲻ˡ
ħһۣ΢Цҡͷ껿˵ˣҫҲһǷ࣬ٵĳˣ̷ľͷ˵гֵģҲ£˵Ը֮ǰ֮ԲкߣΪһȻӦ㻹ҪҪȥ
Ŷʲô£껵Ļҫʮֺ档
Լɣ̾Ϣһص
ҫͷ̷Բһɫǳĳޣֳ޲֮ǰܵʲô̼һ㡣
ޣʬ
򵥵̷бĳ˫Ŀеĳ쳣ԣһ˿޵ı飬ҫ˵ͷ˲̷ʱΪβһк뿪Լӹͬӳĵһ£ȻѰΪһĿ꣬Ҳ֮顣
ʱҫжĽ黳Ҳ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ΪԼͬʱôԼӳһ̣Ҳ̷ôȥ̷ܵʹƻֹڴˡ
޳ʬҲʬôأѳʬİ޻ʲôĽҫҲĺܡ
ڰ˳䣡ҫȭһʵ˵һ䡣
̷˵ͷеĳ޽ȥĵף˵л飬ػ
ҫ΢΢һЦҲǵ˵ͷʼ⣺ħ껣ǸոЩ˼ǲǷƵòˣǵĹҲƲС԰ĵ棡
ħ˵ͷƲƲ죬ڵԹˣҲ԰
䣬ֻоǰһֱ춥ǿĴ𾢱һ˴ӵѹȥ˷ˣóһ鲻СĿյأ̧ͷĿкݺݷİҫ
ҫھת𾢷ӿϯս֮ԶӿңϢͬһ㣬涼ճһƬ֮ɫ
ҫһ˲˫һչһϣеĴѸջ֮УһŻ˫۳ͫһֱ׹˳ƺһ㣬γһγһŭֱȥ
ƣɽ
ԣɣħüͷһںȵ˷˳ɿ⣬Űҫ⾪춯صһƣݺݵĺڵ֮ϡ
񱩵˰ϯķ˿֮𾢣ҲպõֵȻҲغܣǻû˿ʱ־룬Ҫֵ鷳ĺˡ
ǿ̷˵
ţеĻҪǿħ˵ͷڻصгһ˿΢΢ļɵ֮ɫ
ãͬʱаЦ˷Ī
ƿˣɫĹĻô£
ҫǰһƺ俪Ĵ󶴣ԼɢŵѪɫĹĻ


ʮ һа֮ʥϣ
ҫͷǰɢŵѪɫâĹĻĻƱһ㣬ʵȴޱȣԼո߳ɹһƣѾܰʱȫһлҪǿﲻֹ
ֻǰҫܸоԼں俪ˮľʲ֮󣬱ĻˣǰֱӽһɶĴ󶴣Ȼʼۿɼٶȿʼ
Ŵ󶴱ԵľʹֵĲƣһ׶ľʲϣ˿ļ
ҫ̾ϢһҡҡͷǧС԰ܲ͸ģԶ˵ٴλصҫǰһüͷģ
ҫǿüԭ֮һȻһֻԴǲѪɫĻԼǿϵĵľʲ㡣
ҫ֣˷ѹˣ̷ľͷѾԹϰٴˣа취Թˣù䣬öҺñƲĻͨķƵѾ޷ת˷ְħҡͷ˵
ҾðɣӦƬעԽԽˣľʲ㣬ʵȻƲҲҾ˾īܹƿˣ
Ļ׹˼ϰҫһĲ˼飬Ϲžʮ֮һҲͬصֲޣޱȣ׶֮ǰ˵üͷ弸ҪѶͷϵƤá
Ѿͷﻹ׼ʲô춯ص飬һ˵˰ɣҫ̫Ѩ˵
һЦ˵λʦֵ书·ϣȫԿ϶ǽصаɱ֣аɷ߾λ֪аɷ߾ͷôǵʦ˭ҲӦ˰ɣ
𶾻ʣħ˵
Ǿ˵айؿ껵ֳֵЦ
𶾻ʣаʲôҫ΢΢һ㶣ʵ
ħ껵ĻеĪԶڸʦִԼųüɮŵ΢֮ʱҫһʺŵı飬Լ˶Եúǹ졣
Ƕоһ˿Ĳ죬ҫʵôǿǼʶôʵôءʵһ㣬ǾǰҫĽеˣΪҫʱӦúܳˣһЩӦ֪ҲӦ֪ˡ
ʵأҫԿɽׯ󣬲뽭ҲͰҶѣʶȻȲЩϽ
΢΢һЦ漴࣬ڽ͵аصаʥ̳޴Ѱڸƣħʹһʥ֣֮һаȨӵߣа񡣡
˹֮ǿѵ˼ĵزͨ쳹ضȥʮ֮һƵǵʱǿµϣҲֻнƷǰ֮һˡ𶾻ʣаڵľа֮⣬ʸϵĳ֮һӵоʥ֮Ƶģʥ
Ŷҫ˵ͷͻȻоܻе㲻̫Ծ˶һֿеɶͷԡ
㶼óԾô׹𾪣ߡʲôӦáǿаصаҲǿа䰵鲼ݣҲֻǣŶͷѣôģ
껵Ŵ۾ʲôϡжƵÿŰҫԷֺνûûεķӦɰҫǳԴҩأǳԴҩأǳԴҩˡ
ҫ˷ۣ˵˵ôʵǿҲãǿҲãôã޷ҲǴа񵽼ǿ󵽼Ļ˶ѡΣеǱˮڣвоͿˣҪδѵĻǷбҪôô룬Ҳ֪Ҿû˿ıҪԣ
ֻ֪һ£ʲôаʥҪҵСܲôҾҪᵽô򵥶ѣûжิӣȫûǸҪȥΪıͷ𾪵ģΪûҪ򵥵㲻ôҫʼ磬٩٩̸
˶ʧɫҫĸ̸ۣе㣬еţϸһҲȷʵô£Ҫӹô
ǿǿɽڣԷаΣҪԣˮҪȣνҲͬҪ⣬𾪵ȷǰľƿ𲻵һãҲҪȥԵģӲҲûܡ
˻һЦҫҲԴм֮⣬֮ǰ˶а֮壬ɰҫһǾаҲûʲô˲ġ
ܰ΢΢һЦħ̷Ҳ΢Цͷ껸Ц˵ЦݶԵ磬ҫ˵дڣ˵ûûεԸ񣬶΢Ӱ졣
ҫʱȴߣЦ£λɮĹô
ǳˣ˵ôħߣ쳣Ϭ˫ĿӿĶųüɮš
ŶںڽһħߣҫˣҫһЦҲʺ
ħɭȻһЦ˫ֺʮڵҫʩΪˣ
ڣڴزԭһ޶ĵһҲڽһɣֻĲǧǰƷǶ𷨵ĵƣɱ̰ȫۡ
˵޵ľɱ̰գ񣬽жжа֮ƣκʵǿЩʿҲֻܺ޵ؽҧȴҶ֡
ڹֺ֧졢ơס̣ȨΪڣ֧ɣĺа֮׺֮⣬˴֮ǷϣҲһֻ۱һֻֻۣҪû𺦵ڵı棬һŲ֧ĺΪ
ҫǧǵ֧֮һĻƽƶߣǰüɮǺڽ̵ǰһƽ̣ħߡ
ҫ֪֮ԷݣҲΪɱ˹ٵԵʣвһ¹ڴڵϣԼֵܱɱҫȻҪ֪֪ˡ
£֣ҫΪӦʱȷ±˴˵ĳԹпԶõȽ˴ʱ˵պг𱨳ԹԹ¸ҫһ棬ÿɷ񣡡
ҫһ˵ĻҲŷľƵȷֹۣҲǧС԰ִյأ˶ȥҫˣͬͬˣǾ˻룬նܴһ㡣
ҲȥʲôаԹܹԱҪγһСܽǰ֡
ҫʵӣֵҸħĶԹʱȷ£ȴˣ˶ϣ˼أŰҫ˵ͷʵħߡ
Ҳд⣬˷ȫķԸǣħ΢Цŵ˵ͷǹ΢ЦôôԼ
ҫͷħߣ벻Զ˼һ𡣴˷ϵȫԱˣûһʥһ£СڽоӵƷһɵʵ
һâϣһöǱ״ıдţƵʮﴦ
һ۰Եͷһߣɢȥ˵ҫ磬СλȷˣƵʮ
ҫ˵ͷĿ⿴ƵЦôǰǧС԰ָ췭ظɣ


ʮ ȫԱˣ뼤ս
ҫʱĶжǿܹʮˣŮ
껣¼Ұѵһľ콾ʮ꣬һԼ񹦣ʵ֮ǿԶν¼߽֮ףmǿֹѧ츳֮ߣҫ硣
ħڹħ֮һһмңŻΪŹžţ׺ƥֽʯУ϶ڹ󷨣ɱֲޱȡ
̷Ĵ֮һױȭ;ףдһɼ产˵֮Ǳڽڲƻڸɲĥƣܻ˸ױѾศɣ֮ǿޱȡ
ħߣںڽһǺ˿ܷޱȣаȻŶһģ׺ޱȵɱУڶеӡطԼ񾫴ڹʵ֮ǿڰҫˡ
ѩѱ̾£ڱɱ֮ƣֲ飬нɱԸ񣬾ԻΪе˵جΣʮɱжֱΪһ㣬ǹʽʮеǿһˣԷĪ
볣أѩѱһжĴڣ潣¯࣬ʥڵľʵܳΪҫ˵һʵǲС
ѩѱ֮ŮŮһְ˾岻ѣİϣֱһ㣬ǹ켣ٶȣԼ޿ޣڳ˶ΪŮ֮СֻһԼȼǿߡ
ܰĴ֮һϼ֮ãʵ˵ڳȣһҫΪʱֵѾ㹻ܰҲѾﵽʥڣҲʲôֻҪԱˡ
ܰȴô룬е뷨ǣжŮ٣Ǿ͸ҪֳŮӲжʵҲǱһɾҪ˻ᣬúõչһʵ
һλŵľҶ˵ҲǺЦһܳԷ˵ûп䱾ʵ˵ҲǱͨǿЩˡ
˶ٵҶΪۣҫеôΪֲòڳľ˱鶼Եò̫ÿڽԻᷢĴսǿɷֲȥչ˱˵ġ
ɽ£ȴڳ˰ڣǴ۾ҶҪҫԣ˻ΪԵúܲΪȻҫҲ޿κΣͷӦ¡
ǣҶҫʩչֻһУڰҫľ֮£Ҳ˵Ҷʵʧȥ֮󣬶Ҳ½һɶѣڳ˶ˡ
ҶõƷƴ磬಻ϣ纣һϲڹ񾫴֮£纣糱һʰ
ڳħ߼Ͻ۾⣬̼ѱҶڹƷãڹһŶѧ񹦡Ʒ׵ɷơ
ԭսħԳ֮ҶصڣһпʵǾǿʦû˿ܣǼֱ͸ûȫǴ׵ĸ򣬱ĿʦҶﲻ֪ԼԲ鷢
ˣҶҵԼĶʦ𾪺裬Լ뷨һ˵𾪺ǵûǴͣݵСɽСѧţҶѡ
ҶѡԼƷɷƣ֮ѡⲿΪƾ೤ԣǿƿܣԱã绢ѡ
֮޸ʮǽܣҶеʱ䶼ⲿ񹦣𾪺ĴԼĵرķãҶⲿڹķԼƷٳɡ
ҫ֧ΨһĹǶѲڣ֧ǿݵĶ飬ʼƵ󷽵Ŀĵȥ֧˲ǿۺʵݾԿԺɨһǾԵģûһûеǡ
ҫʮ˴˵Ĵʦ֣ǧС԰ĽأҲǰҫ˲ɱԭǧС԰಻ʤһ򵼴·ȻǷ㲻١
Ƶ󷽵Ľأһ֮أ߻谵ǶǶݣһ㵭Ķ˰ңûն˴ʦǶԵģߡ
νĶ𲻵˿вĺݵԼҪˣֻҪϧǾͻнҩ
ؽʮﷶΧۿžҪīָĿĵʱʮס˵ȥ·
ʮȫԱ֣ʹСһ߰ݶУǻվ̬Բǿñ⣬ԼĺԸоĳʮҫһûһʡ͵ĵơ
Ȼö˵˫չ춯صļսһʱ֮䣬ӰϽɶݣ׺񱩵˲ɢľͣ˫ûаֵĴ㣬ʩչҪԷݺݻܡ
ʱĽ֣ҫ˷֣ʮ˽ʥĸ֣Ҹͬʽףڹ񾫴ѲҪǣʮȻ˴ӽʱļʮ˲ʬǻˡ
ȷ֮˽һȻԼͬ¶һظЦݣʬ˲ʹûνİһ˵սӰ켸ԺԲƣޣ϶öУ³ͷ­û֮ҪȻ˸֣ӵ鷳
ɶԷǻˣǾͺðˣ˻˻ʹµ֮٣ѪҲӰս⣬ҲӰսȽ˱ʬöԸˣٰҫԷϸ֮󣬴Խʮ˷ֱҫѹƵơ
ҫⷽʮУСС;Ȼչֳһսħƣǿʵһж·磬ʩչ쾡£ƥȻ׷˴򣬱ƵöǱ
ȣͬһײޱʮɱǰܾ˿ֲԸѾǶ˲Сƣ˵ռϷ硣
̷˷ܵһȻĶֻһˣԷҲȭ֣ȭսȭľ棬̷˷ܲѣ죬ֱﵽҵľء
ħһеƣӰΣ羪κˣȻֱˣĶԷڽڰˣĳڷΧιıһж£Ҳˡ
˫ͷٻӰһ׷һϣ׷֮ÿ룬һƬ켣䣬׺ݱͣ˫İϽײԵĿޱȡҵԼ֣ͬҲһ֣˫ֺ
볣ظԶһĺˣһָָһȣȷѸ׺ȻʵǿҲӦ磬¡
ʣµҶֶܰһˣԷǸ֣ʥ۷ɣצ֣צѸͿݣצݣֵҲʧ
˼ս۰ҫԼǰ˺˼ֻһУҫ㲻׷ЦеĿŶԷոʩչһȭҫûǴĻȭӦýУʽ


ʮ ȣʼ
лò񣡡
ҫһ΢ЦĿǰˣȻԷ¿òͣǹаȭڸǲסҲβ˵ġ
ߣСӣɽһ֮ãû뵽˹Ŀ࿴˽ҿߣȻǰҫɽһ۵Ķ֣л
ȻǸҪҫֺʤľ棬ǲٳ֣԰ҫʵлҲֻǸЦˣȻԷ»ûʶһ㡣
ли⣬Ǳ𶾻ȭأ㱾аˣҫ˫Ŀһ΢΢ʵ
ߣĪҪΪеͿڱǰֺˣֻҴŻᱻСѾͷлɳˣڱ뵱ɽ֮ʱû
һǱȵӭޱȣͳȣâʵ浶ݺݵĴлĻл˫Ŀһȭ׺аȭȻƲâݺѹˣסζ
ϣлһȣȻһߣȭ˲ǰâѹ飬һķԼȻѹ˽ʮ׿⣬ޱȡ
ǳȭֱ۲ѣѪ絶ʣһɼҵȰֱʹѵֻһͼѹлʱлŷ֣ҫѽȣ˫ʵԱѲһϡ
лΪҫŵʵеʱһɱ֮ҪҵƷ統ͷѹл̧ͷӳǰҫааЦݣѾ𾢲Ƶơ
л˫Ŀһһҧȭ˳ƺһȭɭӿһаȭƶԺ䣬аϯķɢ籩ϯޱȡ
ƣƸǶ
ʽСϢ
ȭƶײƾУʵлп֪ҫƾɽصлоԼֱۼҪѹǹɴ𾢣·ʽȭĿһ㣬һаݵĵβʣ
ǹӿƥȰлھʹѣ֮ǰâδɰںϣǽ಻ԡ
ҫһЦƾһᣬٴνлʮ׿⣬ֹס֮ҫԺֱۣѾһ˿˿𾢲ͣƤ˵Ĳᰡ
УֻУͽƵðҫǱЩлˣʱ˿̰ҫʵʶжֵʸǽǿ֮ǵ֮ңʮڡ
ло仰ȣ㻹ҵɻɽʱǸҫĻɵ档ԣûǹԹԻش֮ǰ⣬ձ
ҫıѾüΪ£ЩЩҪŪףлżߵͷͷ˭ңлֱ𱻺ŵڵ𶾻ȭȭǻһģаһ
ˣҫʩѹԼⷽҲҪȥģȫռϷ磬ѹź˴򣬾ʲôʣǵʵҲʧôԼȫǵȥԼ¡
ҫлȥÿ̤һһ֣𾢴Ľɢ̤ͬŻлȥлѹȵͷеİҫ̤޵սеˡ
лüͷһƣҧ˵Σֻаһϵķ֧ѣаİз֧㲻ݴأڣ֮ʵ֮ǿ޷ġ
ΣаڶУҲֻѡа˵ҫʹǿҲֻһֻϰˣһָһ󣬾ܽǣŲ̫õģԽֻԽаע⣬ôҲͲԶˡ
лɭȻһЦ˵аİȻ֮ɫ˹˾ţ֮ڵĴȳ֮󣬰ҫһ˵˴㣬ô˵İɣ
лûлӦЦͣҫɫΪ࣬лҽͰѻˣҲ㱳жǿʲôаģͳͳܣֻҪҵĳԹұҪֻأֻҪǷҰҫļɻ䣬һɱ⣡аΣҰҫմ󣡡
ҫһ˫ͫ˵ĺ⣬쳣棬ɼĻԲֻ˵˵ѣ˵óõлزûҧϡ顣
ǺǺǣڵСһǳţ»ȣƣƶɮǸ˵㲻أ֪ηأ
лҪٴηʱһֻݵưסļֻƳֵĺǹ죬Ϊûһ˿ףôͻأĳлļϣͺһֱ֮ǰҫֿ϶лߣûˡ
֪ʦγƺ
ҫȭһھʼԽԽңͫĲ׽Улûһ˿԰׻ĴڣԷǻ˵ĻôݹѾﵽռĳ̶ȣҲ˵Է뻯Ĵߡ
СһͦòɮſվСһ˵ѽ
Ļħɮ᲻֪
ҫۣע߶ȼУ쳣䱸Ϊҫֻȴȫˣܽߵܹĸоվߡ
Ϣǿûһ˿Ĵڣ԰ҫ΢΢任ȡɽĲԣ⵽ͣԷɳ֮
СһƶɮĲʵ̫ˣɮҪɱ㣬׵ĺܰĺ׳ҲֻܵΪֹˣ
ļ¡ΣաѹȣѹϢĸڰҫͷҫüͷһ壬Ƶݺ󷽣ݺᣬȴ˸գһ
Сһŷ翹ûãǹԹɣ
ɭɭĻٴδӰҫ󴫳ͬʱһֻݵƣϢĳ֣ҫıȥ
ͺ¿Ҵһ룬۸С㻹ûûƤĺܰ
īµҫΪ֮һ𣬽Ųһ뿪Լڵλãīֳңȣһֻסһͷɮ
ī£ݣ浱ƶɮɱ㲻ɣͷɮŭĿӣв
Уͺ¿ҪͣһܻڣǰװǻƣҫĹͷǷ裬ѾʼˣȥɣˣСֵһ涼īƲƲ죬ֿ֮ҫΪ˵
ҫüͷ΢΢һ壬ͷ΢ĵĿ˿ԶҵսʱսǽţҫȻռϷ磬Ҳһʱֳܷ̾ʤġ
īƺ֪ҫĵģȥɣĹҪСֵܵ鶾ʣ򶾾ԪһɹСֵڣ㻹ô
ҫ˵ͷȭһ񣬰εض𣬻ֱ岻ԶϹ֮أվĿһŲṳ̂Աīµסȥ·޵ҧֹ
лסվ˫Ŀ΢УķԸ
лӦֻѾûʵȥҫȥ·ҫ˫һһŲǹޱж֮˲佫л׷ɣҫֺ
ҫμܣǹɲԽŨ

Ԫڣ֫չŵޣٿ鸡һߣܾžŰʮһ꼫ݣڽɢȥΪһֱ۶ڱǡ
ҩ壬껯Ԫ𶾳ɣ


ʮ 鶾Ԫѱ
鶾壬ҲԳ֮Ϊ壬һ겻ʣӵжͬ򶾶Ҳܷţ޶ɣ޶ɴ棬ӵʵˣȫԳƵƶ⡣
壬粹Ʒһ㣬ǿǿǿڸѪ°빦һǧȣʮ֮һӵж֮ˣֱĴڡ
ӵ鶾ˣȻȻıȥѰɶʹԼǿұǿٶȿľˣ壬ǹٶȶ˾ĺܡӵߣʵͲȡ
еͷȱƲ棬鶾ν֮ҪʣͬʱҲëȻʣΪӵ鶾ʵˣʮֻ꣬ҪһֱӱĶ
鶾򶾲٣ֻĶӵ߶һ£Ǿ鶾Ϊܹɶǿ壬ǿΪã
һȻܿѨ磬Уԭڣ鶾ǿԼɶصġ
ɶɣϸ緢˿ϸӸ޷˿ضڶЯ˵޺ҲΪ˿صĴڣʹڵ㶾á
Ϲӵ鶾ʵˣˣ֮ڣҲž֮Ĵڣв֪һĶӵߣȻ˿صĴڡͬʱҲĹЧȥΪ鶾÷ϣ֮⡣
鶾ϸ緢˿ܲãʵϸ֮ߣԽӵ֮󣬽ЩĶذٽǿӵߵ壬
ô˵鶾鶾˶顣鶾֮ԻЧΪ˿鶾ĴڡǣνＫطǳҲ鶾Ҳ鶾
鶾ȻЧޱȣÿǿӵߵıʱʵֻǽľųɾǿʣһֶأǿദջ֮£඾ԽԽ࣬޷ɣŻᵼӵߵĶ
ȻҲ޽⣬֣ⷨһǲɶ壬ȻͲжĶֺࡣ
׷ţǿʳĽУϰ֮ˣ˭ԽǿԽãбǿĽݾߣ˭ֻԸȥԶ·
ԣҪӵߣǿ൱޼ɵǰֻܷܿһȫûԡ
һֽⷨȽϿһ㣬˵һݣڵ鶾þžŰʮһ꼫ɾʹ鶾תɾԪ
֮ⴿִ֮鶾ԪγһıƣǾӵߵϣγһεı㣬򶾲մǱȻӭж⡣
ͬʱԪĹЧҲδɾԪ鶾Ҫǿһֻ࣬鶾Ԫ鶾̬
ǧС԰ˣаŴʥ֮һʥ˳𶾻ʵĹ裬ڰ鶾ɾԪ
ĹûôģȻܻΪµ飬뽫ԪȻΪС
ʱɫĶԪһ࣬ɫĹĻ󶦣滨Ʒŵɫâˮһڶ֮ϣԵضֹ졣
Ĺ˫΢չͬն뱦ƽָſʮֱָָһɫָâڱ㣬ָâʵʣʮָâȦסն׹аЦԵɭȻɲ
ǺǣͽΪʦʮ֮õ㱨ʱˣϣ㲻ҪΪʦʧźã
ĹЦԽеظеĶֲ쳣ǰԪɫâҲԽԽ졣
ڴʱڶԪĹǰĲԶ˵;׵ɫâǶ۶䣬ٶȿ磬˵âдһɴ𾢣գۼӰ˸ͬĽǶȣݺݵڶԪ֮ϡ
˵âǿƥֻǣǿĽâȴûзӳӦеڽâ붾ԪӴһ˲䣬â֮һˮưȦ
˵âһ֮£ȫûһ˿Ѻ۴ڣһ㶼ûУ˽ûһﵽӦеЧͬ衣
ôܣ
ڶԪǰԶҫ˫۽˫ָڿۣʣָıֱָ⻹гɫֻ֣ĿɿڴĿ֮ǰһĻ֮ǰǾ˽ȻȫãԴ֮󣬾Ž֮ǿĿá
ɴʱȴǰոı˿ãķĻƲǳҫеʧɫ
СһʿյĿ࿴ոǰ˵ȷ׺ͣǣϷⶾԪϷ򲻳㹥ҹҲֺŵĻ㾡ȫǣΣ
ĹһЦŰҫ񣬾ڿһСһ㣬ԵúǻĻҲҫüͷһ塣
ͷ˵̫磬үеǾУҪűүСܳүû꣡
ҫҧҧ˵ߺ޵˵Լ״ܵ޷裬ĹķǴ̼ҫÿ񾭣ϵϸߣڵİΣƲĶ˵Ĺ裬һмʵŭɶ
Сܣָǹͽɣ㻹أϣϷһ£ֻһʱĹʱˣһʱ֮ڣƲⶾԪô͸øСܣ˵ټĹɭЦֻҫԽԽ
ҫһڣ˫۳֣ͫھתڵԴԴϵķӿǿƥ𾢲ȫԵ
˫ǰ٣˫ȭĴָסĴָһֳΣȵȫ֮ڣƴ²졣
ͷҫ֮ˣ˵ƲⱦҾƫҪƸ㿴񽣣˫ϲգƣ
ҫͷȣ˫ָ֮񱬷һĿ񱩽ֱ֮ǿʯ쾪涼γһǳۣâ֮죬Ѹײڶ֮ƣڱ棬һƬɳʯ߸Ʈ
Լ֮УԪһͬʱһ΢Ĺ˫Ŀ΢΢ٴЦȥˡ
Ȼֻǿȥѣڰҫʮɹµ˫֮󣬶ԪĴһ磬ͷ˿ϸСǳǳѺۣȻȻһ׻˵úãǧﳤ̻Ѩ
ߣСһ˷ʱ䣬˷ѾˣϷⱦƲģСܣȲˣľȵˣҲ߳ǧС԰ϷԳ֣ɱĹȻ˵
ҫӣһڴһǸ߸𣬿Цðɣүˣⱦ汦һƲˡ϶Ҳ⣬Ʋⱦԣأ
ҫĴָָָ谵ĿռУͷһӰ߳껡ħ̷ħߡءܰҶϤǳ
ҫվֱʼ磬аЦ϶ν˶һͲˣô֮Ʋڹǣ


ʮһ 
飡
ܾīվƴһƣǿƾ˴˵ɢȥϯܣ͡
˴ӽʼձƾеľ棬˭ò˭ǹʽǾ磬˴֮䶼ûʲô̫ƣīվıƴԵ쳣ţǧУֻƽֶѡ
ī£ƶɮкã㲻ôΪƾЩСܳ°ɣվһ˦ڵĺȳ˵
ͺ¿ˣǶˣ˵ʱǵĽǵĳɾܱ֮ͣģԶīǺЦҡͷ˵
ʣҪڣƶɮǾУСδôվһƲ˵
ΪǲŻδѽͺ¿Ҳ֪Ǵ˷ܲܳ£֪֮еĳЩˣڲõĽ֮ܵţ͵ſɣī΢Цͣ˵Ļȴ쳣ļᶨ
ָǸҫǸ֮ģҲҪаϻȥŻнģΪԵʣƶɮɱ´أажӦİɣվֱī¡
£˭Ҳ˵׼ôͺ¿ĻǶడôī΢Цʵ
ĿѾɣȥҲ壬ҪﰭְţҲƶɮôãվԴһ˿ŭĻص
ڶܣԭҫչսʮˣǵأ֦֮ϣǰ֮Уʮһȫ
ڰҫո뿪ãһƣԴڳ˶ô˼ʶĽԼĶīվսȦ¶Է˶սʱನԼȫˡ
һ֮£԰ӣʮ˾Ȧ֮УǵĲǰҫľˣǰīվǶ˶սʱɢನ֮¡
뻯Ĵ߶ս˵ನˣ¿̵ǹɾҲܽЩʥ˸ԣתۼʮȫˡ
ĻħɮվҲֻĿžȥŻʱŭƽΪĶѩѱĴ֮һī£ѲĽ
˵ˣī¾ˣӲô㣬ղ֣ʵֻڲ֮䣬ī£վĻ˵ȥ
ҲΪüƵõʹþܹٸϰҫĽŲ
ҫվֱŤŤӣû뿪Ԫ֣˵ȫնı֮ϡ
ҫͷʹ˸ɫ껡̷ħħˣһۣǰҫ
ǲǸ˵ҪôôǰһͬƿڹǣҫȻ̲˵
껣㶼Ʋôһԣ
̷ã
ħǡԪôȤҪ򶾾Ԫɣ
ħߣһΪ
ͬʱظ˳ƴΨһ˿
ħгһʱӰ羪κˣǵصĳŶȥ̷˫ȭʹȭȭѹϢֱ䱦ġħߣ˫ֽӡۣ˫ָԳһԲĽ**ƾ׺ƥ缫产ˣ಻ϵĻڱĲ档
оƺޱȣûһдգʵʵĺڶԪ֮ϣֻǣΪԴⱦ֮ʱ֮ǰҫ񽣹ʱһĻٴγ֡
Ķ棬һȦȦƣһ󾪺ϴĸоԼĹ·ţ뺣һ㣬̼Ա˻һɶֱɢȥΡ
ˣ鹥ƣԱĽǶȣ
ħüͷ֪ԪĲǣҲֻ鼮ģʵʱе쳣ļ֣ⶾԪ鼮пݣҪ쳣
ħһ֮һأٴͬʱת뾢֮ǰɱߣһϢ֮䣬й٣ֱǶȶⱦΧǺصͣƲⶦ档
ԪɫͣתĻƣɫĻԳǺ˵ķÿÿ˵ĹһᱻϸСȦжȥ۹жѸͣ𲻵˿á
ǣСһǣĹɣϷ뿴޼ƿʩĲҵĿأĹǳɭڳ˵Ϊ֮ü
ǣʵ֮ǰ𱦶û취ʵ˻ĵĺܡǰ˿ɶʲôѰɫһʥ۷ֻ֮벽ľ֮ܽʵĿãǿ֮Уǰ
ɼʹˣǰĶԪҲΣڲϵ͹֮£ȫûжԱ˿ˣ͹֮󣬽޹
츳ˣȴһ︳죬ʴˣ˽Կɱ
ڴʱ˫ֽհyǰ֮ԭյ˫ĿȻһа˫Ŀ۰׷⣬˫ͫѪ֮ɫ˱һаŭһϯķƸɭȻڳ˶Ϊ֮ݡ

һȣʣڳ˽Ǹ֣Ȼ껵ʵ˲Ŀѡ
껣ֻһ̤һο缲磬ת˲Է֮ϣֱֳֵһӣyһͭɫӰƴ磬ǧɽ֮ƣݺݵڶ֮ϡ
ʵ

һ챩죬⵶붦ײ죬ľײӣԵúޱȣɼ˵֮أʵˡ
ǰһȦȦȦ˫Ŀ΢УŽһ̤һ䣬תȫת䣬ƻȴһַӦӾλһڶ֮ϣһƬص
Ѱ
ʱοĲ˼飬ֱһ㣬ӰÿβӰֶӰڶ֮ϣ֮죬֮Ѹֳͣĺأܰ˶еϽĸо
ֻǣζ飬ͣȴƲǲɫĹĻĻļʵǳ˵ʩȴɲֺʵˡ
ֳӲڹʵ飬һͲˣǰƿɣ
ҧҧжݺݵһء֮ĵתǻӵٶʵھޱȣһ֣Ǿǿ죡
ţӦӲϾķ۵糸ķ·ȫûһ㣬ٶȵļӳ£ֹһһƼһ·ֱϣԶԪչ
ε
껵֮m˵ǿ˰ٱֹÿһƵľ裬䷢ӵ쾡£ڵ·޾һ㣬֮ߣȡ֮ڳȻ𾴣Сʵ˺Ȼ
껲а˷Ƶ֮ʱϣ𱦶ͣһʼչעüͷһƣҫߣŬŬ죬˵ҫ磬㿴
ҫ˳߿ȥѵıĴĶϣһ˿粻Ѻۣ˲׽
˻һۣͬʱ΢΢һЦ⿴ƵĶԪҲûô޼Ѱҫǿƶ


ʮ ը򡤶Ԫ
ͨɱϼֱõǷ켫ݡ
Ѱѹˣ磬ƲǿƲ٣Ŀ꣬޴㣬ɱܣ֮ƣƶԷӲƴ
ʵ鶯仯޳켣죬޼Ѱ׽𵽺֮Чһ壬طǿޱȡ
εѸͣ缲磬һ纣һ಻ֹвᱻٲ
ʩչ쾡£ȫֳɱľ裬껱ȴƵĺܣԼʵѾǰٷְٵķӣܷӵٷ֮һٶʮУȴǰĶԪһ취ûС
˾һӵʱ䣬껼𱦶ÿһ䣬ðy˲ʮҵд֮ÿΰy붦Ӵһ˲䣬ǲƣѰyĵжȥΣ޷ơ
˲½ǧ֮껻أߺ޵ĶŰеĶԪţеĲʣŨؽҧģһֻ˵ҰǣҪǶԪ̻
ȻֱѵƢԣҲǸйأϾֻʮѣȻΧЩǰȡʵǿٸߣҲɲܸı䣬Ϊֲͷ뽹Ƣԡ
ȲǷݱԸ񣬴ʱ˵뷨ȴǱı̬޹أ˵뷨һ£ǾǣŶԭСҲ߰
ҫ΢ЦҡͷߣļЦˣˣôҲֻѣʲô͵ǻˣʣµĽǰɣ
ҫǺ⣬ǣҲҪ˼УһڣΪĳŰҫ˵ҫǺ⣬һһǶƴ˶鲻㻹ҲʩչѣʣʹҲδƲ˴˶
ʱħҲͬǰ̬ڵҫ֣ҵȼȻҪ飬ôʼգ;ϣɲǵķ񰡣
̷˵͸Ǽˣƶ꣡
˱̬֮ΨħһЦҫҲʵˣҫῴǱȭһɫΪ˵ҫͻˣλ˷ңҫм
ҫһ̬֮ŤͷֱӶԪһ𾢸ֱܱȥһͬȥĻħ˫Ȼ£У绨ѩľƴ
Ҷ뺫ءԼܰѹܰտ㻹ˣҫҶͬʱҲˡ
㣬ܰԻᱣ޹أҶͬص
ŶãúñҵСãҰƤ
Сáˣİɣ˭ҪҪȴҵʬ̤ȥ
ҫŤͷһҶһЦ漴ͷԪ˫ͬʱһӣƵݺһ˫ͣŭննڱĴ
һɢûӦãǰҫûŭһЦżһ㶦棬һշص档
ڰҫոսӴ֮ʣһ΢紵ʮöǻҹһ㣬ľޱȣҫ˫۶еּ٣дҷ֮ƣֱģȻ𱦶𶯲ѣɼ֮ǿ侪ˡ
ľ裡
˫۽ƽ٣ۣѸ;׵İַ˶Ϊ֮һİ֮ǰڶսʮʱҲĿá
ǣʱĳ֣ٶȻȣȵʱҪǿﲻֹⰵһƫţȴܽʼδġ
֪ʱûþȫʱҲ֪ûȫ֣ʹˣҲ㹻ľˡ
ǰϵһȦɢԼаͬ¶һĪЦݡ
֣Ĳֶֻѣ۶ԼҪģеֺһĿ飬ϰһĻ
Գ˿ܿеĶߣȴ׽ˣһȦƣѾȰҫոչʱչֵҪһЩƵķΧҲһȦ
˵ʱʱ죬İ֮ħĹȭҲͬʱֻǵλòûҫͬ
ΪǶҫͬʱ֮ܳʱѾյ˰ҫĴǾˣʩչУܽԪĶͣҲôġ
ħ˫ֳֹ˦ޣʱ꣬˷ͬʱѹÿһľԿʯǵصĹӰ·ħǧһ㣬Ⱥͬʱ򣬹ɽŶԪҴƼ产ˡ
Żһʽң
ħǿʹɶԪϣȴֻܴ𱦶𶯲ͣ˵Ĺ֮ȴʼƲ֮һͬǰ˲䲹λ
ħһˣһ˫һᣬһ˿֮ǰ껵аȻ˫˳ƺ䲻ħǰϲȴʮֱֵӣ˫ƺڶ֮ɫӿ𱦶ɡ
ʮɱػԭ
ҫĻƵػԭΪƣͬǿҵĻȥһ︲ǣǣͬⲻͬ⵱еĲǣҫڴ𾢣аһգһаԶ
аڣȴʼձɫĻ֮⣬ղһ˿ڣ𲻵ЧҲȫȻã˵Ĵͣ˸˿Ѻۣԭ綼ʱѾ翪⡣
ڲһϢңڴʱ̷һ򱦶ٲȻһսһһͻȥ򿪱ȱڣȻȱѴڡ
̷ʽ࣬ױȭʮ㣬һڲƵȭ֮࣬һǱڵĺظУ̷Ŷȭȭ֮ƣ׾ը첻ͣ״ֱ֮ϣƾˣȭ׶
Żȭ̷֮ƶأɫĻϣǣ֮һĻ˶¶΢ЦǶɢȥ֮֮ǰ̷ľŴطڲֱӱһ׾
͹֮£Ԫ޽ķڱƣ̷Եɺ֮£ͻ˱ļ޷Ҵʱ˿̵ѺѾֹĵһ˿ǾŴطѺ۲ϡ
ҫ˫Ŀһȳڣ
Űҫһȣڳ˵˶˫Ŀһɣһ˫֣籼ף˦ʮӰʮöƿն䱦ȫѺġ
ħͻ̷ȭ·棬䣬Ƶ಻׵â棬һΪˣyлͭɫĵâĿޱȣݺݵڶ֮ϡ
ҫ˫Ŀⱬ䣬񽣰˽뷢ÿһֱָĴ׼ٶȽ޿ޣ;ףһ˫ƴ֮ǿޱȣһֱ䶦ĴʱƬ׷ɡ
ڰҫħ̷ֺ֮¡𱦶ըѣƬǿһ㣬·䣬ʮϯܣ𿪡
ը֮Ĺ˿ŭ¶һֹĪЦݣԵɭޱȡ
ˣϧǻһ


ʮ 򶾾ԪȺ԰ܣ
ԪһϹʱһħԪԪǳڴ֮ңǽĴ壬ĸһУҵͷҲԺյĺܡ
ԪǼӣĸҲٲ۰мӣʱϲĺ䣬ڶﶾϲȴΪаһԼŭ䶾һ٣ݱţ˽ա
ҲĹִԪԴ䣬гӼǧټ֮£ţҸĸʳŲ̲ӳӴѶȫޡ
һţ˵ܻŭɶһŭ֮£ͨԪһйϵ漮丸ӹϵʱҲһССˡ
ֻǣСˣôԪľǴˣ߽ʮ꣬ɺ鶾壬޵þľʬΪԽԽаֶԽԽݶжĳӸ޼ҲΪڲרеĶԪвħ
֪߽ȾѪȣԪҲ⣬ԪǼֱ޵еĴڣӮÿսʤ
ľ¶֮һʩչ֮ǿʴ鶾򶾵ʣศɣ绢Ԫǵ˲㴫֮С
ֻÿ˽֣ʤɱ׽ȥƶˣʬоֶβޱȣԸҲԽԽбʡ
ٺԪԼʵ߾Խı䱾Լ°ܽˣֱ°ץ˻оƶ˵ﵽ˱̬ĵز
ԪǵԽԽֶԿʼԽɥĲ񣬽޲̸֮ɫ䣬֮ɥħ֮˶
ԪǷ֮ʱ۱ΪǾ磬Ǹ߲ɲ⣬ʵ֮ǿһ֮ܵԪǸĸδ̸䣬Ҫ䶾ԪʧִɱĸȺ֮£ΧԪǣϰٿڣ䶾ɱȮ
߱ɱ֣ԼţԪǻع֮ʣѳɣԼؼֻΪ֤ԶƫǴģֻΪ֤һ¶ѣȫûҪΪԼˡ
ԪȻ⣬ǶԼˣȫûдģκ첻ԸҾķ˭Ҳ룬Ҳ˭벻ġ
ԪǱʹĪʩչľ幦ԻƳԺеһ֮ͭڣͬʱȫʬྫԪƳһ֮ͬͭڡ
ͭϰپԪԼԪǵıΪ񾳽֮ͻ𣬶֮ɫɫ·תԪңң˵꾫ɾԪ
ԪЧǷԳɷԪǵıΪΪֲҪɴ˶ƶĵҩҩҪѰҩƶĵҩǿ
Ȼ⻹ֻΣļֵ㣬һǶ·ľľ·
ڶ㣬ǿԽ鶾֮ԪҲ˵Ԫǵƽһжɴ˶֣ⶾԪΪλĹϣ˺󻰣Ҳ
ؿ񳯣Эը֮󣬶¶ǰպɵ֫չļ˫ͫ۰ֻ֣֮һֱɫӫڣ¸ǱһȦȦıɫ֣졣
Ĺһ˫ĿЦԵѣ򶾾Ԫ򶾾Ԫҵľһ̨ףҲõĶұƣɢˡӽ𶾻ʣܶ£˳߲
ޣϼһ﷢λ̫˵㣬СԪʹûУҫݺݵһڣһޱȣֱĳڰһնĹȴʼղΪЦͣ
СһϷ򲻳֣ҲģĹɭȻһЦôĿŰҫȥֲǴݵ
ҫߣ˫Ȼһ̽Ҫȥץߵļ򣬵ǣ˫ֱһȦɫӫֵ֮һɾӫâʢҫݺݵɡ
Ŀȥĸ죬ҫ˫ֳɱ֮ɫɱ֮ɫһѪҲŵı֮ɫٿձˣԼԽԽԶмΪʡ
һ˾Ҫǰҫ£ȴֹҪжˣ£
һ䣬һУҫ£ҫһأϥһɼҵĶžĴߣҫ˹ѹ˫Ŀ䲻ʵĿŰԷߺ֮ɫ
Сܣţһҫҧгݵ˵
ֵôϷĺܲףҲʶնѣ壿ĹӸ£Ц
ϼһ飬ûûϹǲᶮģҵһۼѾֵˣ뵥ֵȥϣֵȥϧСܱͷϹƭãʹıȻ֮
ҫһһϹĽţжֵ˺ҫĵԸ
Ϸ򣬳񣬱赹Ҳйǵ³ޱȣСһң³ӵҡȺ߹ȻĻҺ£ҲȻǲãĹһɭЦͬʱ䱸ĹǴ㿪ʼˡ
ֻǣԵ𶾻ʣ񽭺һָöһˣѵ뻯֮ʵǣ˾֡
Ĺ軰䣬δȴѳǰûӦʶĳֻ֣δɣδĹһơ
һûо춯صƣûǿƥΣûпӿɢ˵ʽ޾޷磬ƫƫǽ֮ǿ̱أֱӻȥ
˶ˣô£⿴һƣȻֱ赭дĽ񾳸֣˻ڣ⼸Ѿ书ķ֮ˣѾеͨһˡ
˾׵ĿĹ֮ʱǰĹӰٴһǰĹӰʧֱ껡ħ̷ǰͬҲһƣͬʱԵüΪɭȻ
Ĺһƣܹ֣Ϊ죬еˣ˵ֵ֮ʱܻᱻΪıϳһԼ塣
֮һ֮ʧȥ˶ĿȨ类Ѩһ̱ڣѨÿƾڵѨأǾ޼ƿʩˡ
ҫôĹӰһһֱǰĳһƣߵأһգ۵ʱ䶼ûУֳ˶زΪ⾡ֻʣ°ҫˡ
ҫǰһӰĹаЦڰҫУݵһֲɱܣɷĹٶȣӡ˰ҫ֮ϡ
СһȻǹͽأôҾ㿴ҳ򶾾ԪĽĹЦǰҫЦݣȴһ˿˿Ĳĸо
ҫȭͷˣһȭĹļ֮ϣĹһڵһ㱻ɳϰ֮Զ
ϼһΪΪȲʤȯˣĴΣ


ʮ ˣ֣
ҫһȭжأǸʲôĸʱĹ㹻˵ˣҫһȭļȻĹ贩źۿǣӼʱ״ϿӦѾˡ
һʥĸ֣һȭһ뻯ĴߴѾʣҪϣ㹻һȻ󲨡
ĵȼʵѾô˵߿ԴﵽӾλĴڣҪ֪ĹľǸ߹ҫ׵ĴڣȣֱǴСĲࡣ
˵ҫӦĹһжӲסǣȴ˶Է壬ƴСҪǴ˳ȥĹɲǶ£ڽˡ
Ϊν𶾻ʣΪļ֮һȻһԼ׵ϣô𶾻ĸ֣ڽнԡ
ȻĹԵƿΪ԰ҫĲ˽⣬ͨߣΪΪ£ȴ֪ҫĽͬĹ֮£ҫлɳˡ
ǣʵʵҲǲ࣬ǳİǰ£벻ҲУҫҲֻܶĹֲСƶѣ˵ӲƣɰҫԼжĺܣԼȻĹĶ֡
ԷǿѾֻӵĵز˵Լոһȭ˹ƻᱻһȭķѣֱӳ඼пܣǿٶֵȭȭˣȴֻǽĹļѾʶѡ
⻹ΪԷδҲֻܴﵽЧĹԴʩչ뻯ͨأԣҫƲûпȥôԼʱΣա
ոһȭĸоͺ񵱳˾ͽҶսʱܵûɢһαĿռһȭֻͣһ״ǿȭķ𣬲ܵˣЧûеĺѽ~~~~~ˣǷǾСɣԲҪη̫࣡
ҫ̾ϢȭƳʱ˶һɺӿͷ룬ǷĵҪСܡ
ͺĹ֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬ҫ治գΪξҪֵܣգðȣʵҫԼֻǸֱȥ߶ѣͺ񵱳°ύһ㣬Ҳֱ
ôֱҲ;ȻҲһֱǧС԰ߣô£ս߸ʦ֣Լܣ֮˷ٶԪΪ˾
СһϷСˣǺÿֲĽôõĲϣɱ˿ϧˣСһӦøеҲǣΪϷ㲻ɱ㣡ĹһЦ壬ЦԵɭޱȡ
ҫҲػΪĶĹ費ţ֪ĹڣܾȵңĹôģ𶾻ʵͷɲʲôʮʮĶĹ˵ǡ
ǣðϷ򣬴˴ͷʬСʹɣĹһЦҫ˿˿⡣
Ǹǻǻ㲻ѾͷҫǸǣǻίѽȻѾˣҫһͷһ˿ڵЦ
ҫ磬֪ģҲ˵ҡҡͷ΢΢Ц
ͨ᲻֪Է˼һ΢΢һЦںüƣƴһս
ٺ٣ϷҲþûиЩСһˣϷǴģϷ򲻶־ܰǣϷһ½ǣϷǸȥΣ
ĹĿҫǲҫüͷһ壬һ̤𣬵汻ǹǧ־̤һ޴İۣ˷·ڵһֱĹȥ
ϼһҲ·ͷ
ҫһȭ籩ƿգȭ쫷ϯеıмȭ׶ֱĹš
ҫƾˣһȭ֮ޱȣĹԵôޱȣ԰ҫֱȭȫΪԵɵȻ
ˣ
һҫȭͷһ͸赲·ڰҫǰһ͸һ㣬ҫȭͷض£ҫȭͷôͣĹǰߴȭһ˿һûбȫһ㡣
ҫޱȵĿǰɢĿռ䲨ƣԼĹЦݣĹ־һǰĿռ䲨ƺݺһ𣬰ҫֻоֱһɾֱӱƷɡ
ڰҫƷ֮ʱâʮöɢźİӸǶĹûһ˿һЧͬҲǵռ䲨ƵûһöܹĹ
ĹЦͣͬʱץ

ʱǧС԰£ҲޱֵĵϣüĿ꣬ѪǰµĿǰŹѪ
֮Уһͷ꣬˵Сʱˣȥɣ֣ЩСһû֮£ˣȥһѣ
һ£ߵһڷ˵ͷżһ㣬ٶȿզ࣬׵ĸ߶һϢ㵽ۣΣͬһֱ񷶥ѪɫĹĻ
½ԱƥĽһѪɫĻҫ޲ߵѪɫĻȴͬһ㱻˲п޷ȥ·ɼʵ֮ǿѹҫһͷ
ǧС԰ƵԱߣһ챩죬ľм·ɽһƵضһչΪҳȥ֮¶òտɽׯׯӣ˳ƣС
ҫŵ㣬ϾüĿЦݵţһֱƵĽأҲǰҫ֮ء
ǵ΢΢һЦǰѪֵģСһߵıȼƻпô࣬û׼ãͽ֣ǲˡŻǰ۵ĺܣ

ҫˣΪʵĿŰеĹ裬һ̱ڵءȻ֪˫ȴԽԺĹһץסĲһָſһ͸ɫſƺڳȡʲô
Ϸ˵Сһ½Ƕ͵ðܣҲˣ
ĹһƲǱİҫˣָݺһ飬͸ɫһ£ŵޣĵﴦɫӫ͸ͳȥ
Ƭ̣һŻԲһɢűɫӫĹУĹʱһ˫Ŀķеˣˣڳˣ򶾾Ԫ򶾾Ԫұ򶾴ɣʱҽ޵У£
޵У£ʦȻû˵ͷǷ赽֪νĵزˣʵɱ̾
֪Ӻεشҫ˫ĿȻһ΢΢̣Ϥ
ǿŵĽһˮͰ׽Ӱҫֱ˺ĹĿռ䲨ƣ˸˳ȥе򶾾Ԫͬʱ׹ȥ
ˣ
ڰҫĶУһɱ


ʮ ⣡ûĶ
һĹ趥ɣ֮ǿҫľѣϾǰçĹʱйһӴҲԷֻǵʱĽǲܸʱᲢۣǿ˰ٱֹ
һֻǽ뻯Ŀռ֮նô򵥶ѣĹסˣĹס֮ʱâ仯˿ֱӽĹƣĹ˲ƣʱڶá
ޱȵĽޱȣԷɣ˷סҪ֪Ĺ뻯Ĵߣ֮ͬ˸޷ƥеĴڡ
ȴֻһͽɷӡʲôǲԤʾľҲѾﵽ뻯
ˣô츳ǿֲ˷ָĵزŶ೤ʱ䣬ǰҲ¶ѣɵδĿȣ뻯ʲôʱôˣ
Ȼҫɲţôôؼ仹ߣ뻯繷뻯Ĵߣɴײˣʱʱĳһ
ԣҫֿ϶ǽ뾳磬Ҵ֮ǰǹɽ⽣ҫҲĺܣĳˡ̫ɽһۣ˵Ű棬ùͬĽ뽣⡣
ҫ˽ƷɣûǿߣֻΨһû֮һ书֮ǿ֮Ѿﵽܵĳ̶ȣƽ¼ȫһɫʡ
һҫǰ㣬ôеĴʯĿԷˣ˷վ۶նҲҪġ
ƷѵҴոյĻпƷɻΪͽϲ£ǣʱľ滹ðҫȥΪ
ҫߣȫ˫Ŀɳֱ֮ɫ²ԾĲͣȥƺʲôʹһ㣬鴤ѡ
ҫüͷһ̽༸΢ŵĵزżʶĵҪ̽龭ȴַԼ֮ǰѾĹˣһ˿һǼòˡ
ûʧֻ˫ʳָָ£ֳɽָ˫ȻһӣɫĽâȳ飬âӿͣȴһɼֱ䵹ػڵˣҫˡ
ҪֽԵĹĿռ֮֮ʦҵĹʧһԭΣʱҪˣˣҫͬʱͷӭĽ
壬ҫ˫Ŀһգÿ϶ʮʵı̼ڵǱһȦɫ͸ӫ
Ҳ˵ҫ˵ֱ߽ͺһ㣬򲻿ҲˣͬǱǲ͸ӫ⣬ĵˮ©һ˿һ⾡ֻǶԷһ֮ѡ
ɴ˿ɼ뻯Ĵߣжֲ˴˵ʵͲһϣȻиֲģģǾǵ
ޱȣѵڽҫڵһ˲䣬ֱӻûһɫĹ⽣Ѹײڶ֮ƣϵնһ̼һ·Ͽν̼߰ҫȫ˼ֱҫϵıɫ͸ӫ㡣
ɫӫֱ͸ֽһ㣬׹⽣һ飬⽣һͣڰҫ֮ϣԵޱȡ
ҫ˫ĿһۣͫһɴΧ𣬲һˣܹˣǱһ׺ʮֱ񷶥Ǽƺòˡ
һָҫץסţ߳鴤ԽԽѾʼ𽥵תɳ֮ɫ¶ɸҫüͷ
ڣȻϰֲͬڷҴܡôܣÿһΪ񾫴ôģˣѹס˵
ҫв죬ҲǾڣҴܵѹƣҲһôֿϰٹɷֿѹơ
Űҫ赼ѹƣ˲䲻ڳ鴤Ҳ𽥵ĻصڣٿŵıɫҲǻĻصԭɫ
ʱ֮ǰĹηȥΪ˶һָ˹ǣҲû֮ǰʱƣĹ似ʵ˵ƶˣһ˿ʣ
ǣ˶ʶҫӽ£ͬʱҲĿħȳôܽ
˵ͷ˵ڲ̸ʱ򣬸ոʦҵĹѾǽˣҫ˽ҵʵѾصʼҪҵİš
ҫҪ򶾾ԪȥĹעģѾ˽Ĺ뻯Ŀռ֮Ѿ첻˿вֻڹҪѣʵһʱӦȫ⣬ҪȫΪܵΪȡʱ䡣
ǣѩѱλĶǼº˪ÿúԣϰٹɲͬжᣬȻʩչлƣȻβ棬ڣԺרԼĻʱѹסҴܵҲα겻αʱпܱЩ񱩲ɿصű
ôʣˣǰҵȻÿɷ񣡡
ڻȻ˵һ԰ҫհı飬ܰҲͬˣȻ̬ܰôҶȻҲһôʣµˣҲ껵ˡ
û⣬ǻ
ȱ̬Դǵ˵˵ʵڵģҫѾ֮ǰǰֻϵˣ޵ڣҫȻܹ껵ҲԽ
ʩܷشһ⣿ħߣʵ˵ͷ
ʩôģħĶţ·Է˵׾Ҫÿһ㡣
ǲĻѾʦˣڻص
䣬ħֱһͺ棬ֱӽ䴩Ȼľʲ£ѪɫĹĻѾʧħкһ£ֱʧǰޱֵȥ
ħߵľٶ˵ʵڵĲûиҴ𾪻߾ȸУԷͲô֮ǰƶԪǴʱĲһߣ˹ƶѾȫȥָȥʲôҲãҪꡣ
ʣµħ̷ǶһۣεĿһ˵ҫ֣˵ҵ˶Ԫǻ飬ôǻǷôҵȥҲҵԸ˿ǿȶ԰ɣ
ҫ˵ͷ΢΢һЦҲػ˵ʵڵҲûˣԷ˼Եˣ޷ҲϧԸְæ¡
Ҳ֮飬ҲˣҲôãֻҪԼһԾ»صҲãعҲãѾȫ⣬Ҫ£һˣȻҪɣƾԾˡ԰ҫҲգ΢Цʾ⡣
ŰҫЦݣħ̷ٴζӣ̾ϢһŰҫ˱ȭһתҪȥ
һûĶս;ϣұԺ󽭺ټҪ˵ʶң껲мΪ飬ˣ
һĭҲΣħıǶҲͷҲ磬ԹԵħߺ俪Ĵ󶴣ʧȥ
ˣ˸־ھ͹ˣ㹻ʤǧˣҫˣ
üˣûǸǶҪΪСһŭϷˣ


ʮ ȣǰ
ҫ˫ĿһĿȻܹ岻ԶĹΣ֮ǰǵΪ˿ݺĽѾʼһıϣҪ˼ĹĹ轫
ҫһڣһӣöԲ򶾾ԪУϸ˼ۣö򶾾Ԫˮһ㣬Ө͸ڱһɱɫӫ˸ԵüΪ
Ҫãҫʵ
ҪʱܵҲϣ߰γѣа취ϡҲ̫ģһ뿪ġüͷһѾסĹˣϵĽ˿ڲͣĶѡ
ҫ˵ͷɻԱ˷ϥһݺݵе򶾾Ԫ˵ҲҪסС
Ҳǵ˵ͷİҫļ򣬿ڵΪ鶾ӵߣ춾壬ʵĻԵκαĹƵʽ̷Ķҩ۶ɢ
ټ򶾾ԪҪõľžŰʮһУݡѾϰֶأųɾŵĶرڵ鶾߻ٱĹһγɾԪ˵еžԪ˵൱ڶˣŴ˵ֲͬĶء
Ԫڽʣϰٹһû˻۵Ŀ꣬ȻͣھҴܣҲֻܽݻ٣򣬰ֱӾͻᱬ
ģո˵ķһֻܹҪĹžУҲʦҵģоųɾŵİգ
ҫҲǵͷѣеʦ𣬰ҫоųɾǽƷɣԺߵĴܣǼÿӳԷַӵ飬ΪβҪȣǾͲǰҫܴˡ
ͻȻһɿֲϢаа羪ϯаޱȣĹһȥ˵Ľ˿ֻһԳǰոһʮ׵ľ롣
СһոһལָɣˣƽʲôˣĹ˵ǰҲˣǽš
ߣལָѵֻƽһ˻᲻ɣҲ̫СӢˣмĻصĹıҲƺǰλ뻯߷
ҲûУϷʶļʹָ֮ˣոĻϷҲˣﵽ̶ֳֽȵҲһѣǲƽѵλǰɣƾСһԵ
Ĺ˫ĿԽԽƽڽķӦΪڵг˲ƽʹལָ⣬һ˻ᡣǰ߻˵൱ǺߣɾͲ֮ܵˡ
Ϊ𶾻ʵаŴʥҲòСĽһߴʱпٲ
Ͼһãǰλһ޶ǿйϵĹ裬ǻ̻̲գλҪǰˣһ裬˿ɵа
Ĺһﻰ䣬ÿɷ΢΢һЦڵûݻԵǶǿ⣬Դ󵨵Ĳ²һѽ
Ĺ˫ĿһЦһˣӣϷһҪôԲǣһӲ㣬򶾾ԪϷһȫʬ
Ĺ˫Ŀֱưҫһаŭˣϯ𣬳ѹȥҫԵúǵЦϼһҪ׷˵ɣ
ҫһ䣬һɴ𾢱治ѹĹаҲʧ꼻һ֣Ųһٱˣһת˲֮Զʮɿ⡣
ߣСһĪҪΪ˽󣬿ԸҵĿռ֮ϷǰſˡϷƾΪ빦һֻһ㣬ȥӣĹһӭͷֱ׷գ֮Ծҫ֮Զһ׷һϣӳ˵С
ˣˣ£Ǳ߾ͽҫˣ߽ҫܾΣգԣǿʼɣ
һߴ٣Ҳǵ˵ͷλλλλ˷ֱԶĸΧϥһ֣ס壬o˪ڡ
λ˫Ŀ罣ţɢһɼ˵Ľ⣬ԵüΪ˹֮üͷ΢΢͸֮ɫλãǷϰٵ׹㡣
һƳҪ̫죬ľܲˣеҲ˸˷ˣ˽΢΢ͷͬʱһһŹ㣬ֱӴĵۼֿ죬ָһȥ
ܺã˵ͷ˵
˵Ľ֮£ܰҶǶ˳ȥĴһʵǿҪǻһͬȥܴȫߣ߰ѰأʱûѰҪȥɣ
ܰҶһۣ΢΢ͷתȥҲҲ裬һۣʱȫעĿǰüѵ껿Ƶɵʵȴ־䣬֮յǼΪš
ĹİҫûеɣһʱΣա
䣡
ҫͷһѪ˱ɳʮɿ⣬ס֮󣬶ûعĹǸɿݵƣôͻأĳͷ֮ϡ
Ǹɿݵƣᾣֱ͹ƽɫ֮ɫһɭȻĸоһֻƮƮĳûƷ磬ûۣҲûκԣɾƣȴŪðҫͷöǱ
һڰҫУ·һ̩ɽͷѹȥһ㣬һֶ㲻ֵסĸоȡʲôʩôҫӦûᱻһĳ࣬ݴʣࡣ
У̫ˣѾͷ߳Ų˶ˣǱҪ찡
ҫн˫һڣ·תŲ˲ͣޱߵж֮ϯܡԴӰҫг֮󣬾ʹûʧ֣ΪֹûͻƹŲƵǹж֮
ǣʱ˿ǳ̫ͼݵǰֱͬ裬ȻͼĲһĵĴѣʵʵĺڰҫؿ֮ϣ
ҫµľʵݣըҩըľֱӽľʵ棬ߵľУֱ׹档ָ߶׹أ԰ҫְȥӲ֮ҲҪˤǶϽۡ
ټϰҫո뻯ֵˣѾˣסʱ׹صǹɳ׹ԺԱɣķѣƴƴ
Сһͦ˼ģʥڵľ磬Ҳ͸ˮ׼Ȼƶ⽭һŵǰ֮УԹԽ򶾾ԪҾ;һΪͽ򣬲ҳ֣ĸ߶֮£ɣĹЦ˫ĿĶŰҫе򶾾Ԫš
Խ׹ԽİҫǲмձɫӨ͸Բ飬ЦϹʺ㣡ҫŵµԣɣŻңϺͿ
ȥɣ
ǰҫһ֮п˵Ϊյһ̣ʮѾӸλ޵ڵһļƤ
ڣһأҲͬôȥΪֵܣҫĿԲҪģ֮ǰҫΣֵǰˣֵΣ֣ҫܽÿô


ʮ һ
ʱľȷ֣ʵҫܳŵҲǸ漣ˣѪҰҴܣ߳ɣǼأҪǧĽȥ֧֮ţĹһƶӲ£ֱӱԷһƴ壬пܡ
ʵҫ͹ĹʵҫϵĹ⽣ܹĹĿռ֮ɲĹ費óռ֮ãټϱӵΪĹֱˣŰҫ棬ҫá
ڰҫĹʱ֮ĴʱĹûʲôˣðҫأôԹ۵ĿŰҫޱֵĵ׹ȥҴ㣬ҫܲͰҫ·
ҫ޴ˣԼ˵صһΣټڼ׹֮ƣ˹ֿڱˤ׹ٶȣ㱣ҲҪ²С
ҫܺãҲνĻԵνˣܻΪģҲ⡣
һ춯ص˲ޱȣѣҫĶĤҽĴʹޱȡ͸ʮңǴӶֵ߱ҫ֮࣬дһĪ
ʱҫһƲһƺˣޱȵâɨ£бնҫطƵѪɫѪϵѪɫĻһâֱӴ飬ȫɵֵâ֮ɫĿ⾪ޱȣ·춼һն
һеķѰҫŸᣬĹ趼һ˼ĿŽâն赲â˼ʱѾΪʱâѾɢΡ
Ĺ迴ǰĽâеĳһˣĳһ죬ĳһصһ𣬵â⣬£漴ǻһһǸľͿʼеˡ
Ǹ˾ôĲ֮Ϊа㲻Ҫ򶾾ԪҲ֮жԣԼɲÿζϴǰˣӳģϾǿǵǿߣƷɰ
ĹһУһɼǿдһ壬ޣҫֱ׹գͬʱᾢ£ҫãķסȫ
Ĺٿնһͷᾢסҫ˫ĿҲҫһɨܣռ֮̽УԲʮûκϢڣкѾ̫࣬ൽĹԷڵλöܡ
ǰĹ裬֪ǰ٣ʧԶӭˡǰκԸȥǰ
ĹϢһһĽţ䣬ԾӣйƲ֮һôƺԼôԷǾߣԳʵ
ֻǣԷشĹʻԵñȽʵ˵㣬һĺǿÿʮɣߴ׵Ѫ񷶥ֱ˺Ѷ·ʲôһǿƵһ㣬Ĺҫѹ
ǰ⸱棬ĹҫصһڿˮǧС԰ľʲ㶼һľ졣
ĵķƵȻѵ˺صڶ˵ĶߣͬʱһŲЦ
ߣӽ飬ڼƵĻţ䣬ſ۵ĺܣԾͿĹСӣ㲻ֲֿãҪкãӶе
ˣ˵ˣһȫҪȥǺηʥˣһһ˰ԳƣǶصԼޱȵĽâòô˽ƷɣҲû˭ˡ
䣬Ĺݺҧû뵽ҫƷɻйϵƷɾΪ˰ҫΪ򶾾Ԫ
ôԼ򶾾Ԫ˵ȫȥָˣƷڣǽûãΪԷ˵ûе˵㣬Լõȥǿ򶾾Ԫôǲˡ
ӭѹѪɣĹҲ˲ðҫͷᾢɢȥҫ˲ʱľ벻ף԰ҫĹѾκεв
ؿĹ裬ֻ˫Ŀһһ˫ݵݺύ漴ȻһƣѹѪɣ˲䱻һռ赲Ĺǰһ״ռˮһ㲻ͣɢȥɣô
ԣùʩѹԽԽˣ
Ĺһ죬ڸսӴѪ֮ʱԵ࣬ȻѪɼӴȻǾ˵ĺܣĹʩչ˿ռ֮£ҲûôԼȫԽ¡
ֻʱһһĹȥѪоԽԽûȥһϢ֣ɲϵ֡
һһÿʮɣߴ׵ľжأĻܶȼߵķƵֲֹֻ֮ͨһϵӣҲǳɶֳɶֵӡ
Ĺǿûǿ޷죬ȸߵĳ̶ȣѹµľǰܱд⣬Ҳһ֪Ʒɵˣˡ
Ĺٿն̫Ѩϵ亹ͣĻ£Ѿ֪ǰѪɵжأ֣ʮ֣ǰ֣ȫûа취ȥֻ֪ǰѪԽԽأÿһÿһ붼ڳӣѾҪܳܵļޡ
ǰҫΣֵԼû뵽ת˲֮䣬ԼľƱ֮ǰİҫҪΣѣ˷Ҳֻ˵Ŀˡ

ڵһͬѪɫ֮£ֱ񷶥ǲΪôǰѪ
Ƭ֮ΧѪΧһȦպߵһߣҫҲպñĹһƻǧС԰ʱǡô
꣬Ѫϣ߾ȻǳԵһײĸȫεض𣬲ͣ»ӶƺҪϿֲ̫ȥô˼ֻܿľٶŻԷ
Ȼ˼һѪɫŸģСһ̱пܣǰþľٶȴԵúǿЦ
ԵĶ˰ǰɣãӾ㳤ԣסˣǺҲ
һЦƽ٣Ĵָұбһӣֱ۵ĻӳĴָָ⣬һһߵ׹âбնֱϽǰѪɫһЩĸһն
ƷӭնѪ֮֮һ߿ļĹҲƷɵĶУƷ¶һֲɭаЦ
ƷҲһҲɼ׸߶ȶѣֻһѪ֮ϣһ֮Ȼֱӽʮɣߴ׵ѪߵǧС԰ӴĵطֱӦѣײѾ֮ǰһնѪֱǰȥ
ⷬ˿һֻϰһͷһҪ𾪣ƷϼֱһͰһס
ѪɵȥʱƷ𣬺ݺݵ̤֮ϣѹѪǰȥǷһЦ
ƵצǾУŻ˭أĺҿǷ򣡹
ɣơɡ


ʮ ţܻ٣
ǰҫߵѣƷɵĹѣƵɵѪɫˣʱֱӲűնߵѪɣĹѹģȫá
ĹľҲǼ򵥣ûĻҪôĹջؼҪɲĿռϣȻƷɲѪѹҪôһᣬԽԽصѪѹռϺѹ
֮ûʲôĻĹֻһ³ǾǱѹƷɴ󷢴ȱѹϾѪƷɼӳ£Żޱȳء
ȻֻҪƷԸ⣬ȫԳӳ֮ĹһĹ뻯ʵѪɵǶɲɶввƷɱ˶ѡ
еǷˮת֮ǰҫĹУڣĹͱƷˣǿʳǿԼסοԼߵһС
ҫվޱֵĵ棬ŰѪɽĹ裬Ҫ˵ҲԣӦڿ֧ѪԽԽصŶԡ
ΪǲһĿռϣԼʼѹ΢΢׹ƿԿĹǳޱȡ
վѪϣ˫ֻͷƷԵúд⣬ϷŰ΢ЦԼôôоĹڱˣƵġ
ܡ˵ƷϾ֮ʵ֮࣬ѾƷȫӶԷΪĳ̶ȡ
ڰҫУԸĲ࣬˵ĲԨ֮𣬴Ʒɵı̬ԼĹı̬ôôĹдšƷдš㡯
ƷɽǿѹĹ費֮ܿԼ赭дնѪɫ߶ϣͿԿƷɣǵ֮ĵǿߡ
Ĺȷȷʵʵ뻯ʣռ֮뻯ı־ҫܿóǰкڣǾͲö֪ˡ
ȴƷɺݺݵѹƣ֮ûе֡ôƷɵľȻǲ˵ˣ޷Ҳͽʣһ׶磬顣
һ޶ľˮƽһһǻ顣ǰߵĴڹҲ˫֮зƸ֮ܡߵĴڿҲһ֮׽£֮
Ʒһ磿պз
ƷɵĽ³ѪҲڻѹȥĹǰĿռѾԭȵһ֮񣬱ѹֻһĺȣʱпֱӱ顣
ƷʼձǸèϷЦݣİҫ̾ϢѣǰʵѾ˲˼飬似ĳ̶ˡЦҰҫȻԼʵʼ羮֮ܣǿЦһǿӦ˵Щ߱ȽԶúܣ
ҲԣȻҪ·ܶ볬ԽĿ꣬ôȻҪġôҵĿԽǰΪ׼ǰܴﵽĶ㣬ҰҫͬҲԣ
ҫᶨޱȣԼ׷ϵĿƷɣҪǴ˳ȥеǴȥЦҫĲ벻֪ν
߸ϵĵǿߣƷΪĿ꣬ôܲ˳ЦĿעκ޷ﵽⱲ±Ӷȥ롣
ڽɵţ˲ŷ˭ﲻţ˱ģȷΧŹôţˡ
֮Խ˶ŽŵԭĿ֮·һֱ㴫Щڵڸǽֵš
һƷżй佭ʱһЩڵ̫̫̫̫ϳϣ׳ּԾӣеģһЩСżȻײ
ڶ޵¡ڱϹʱڻҪǶʱڣʱͬͬҲǰٻŰټǸʱƷΪһ£һ˶սµаɣͣЪսҹɱ¾ˡа޲˴ֻ֮زز£Щֻ֪˵ѽǰ˵̫ˣʵ֪Ҫһ򱶰
ǰ֪ģĿùģҲĿ֮·ģû˲ŷŵе񻰵ĴţҲ˿ʼŷˡ
ǣƷһգһֽϱĿռ˻ƺе񻰹ͷ˼ĳЩȷʮš
߲ʵƷɣҫҪΪҪԽĿ꣬ǲǲǲ֪νʲô
ȻҫɲȥЩҪһĿԼԼҪΣȡһɾ֮ԼҪԽĿ꣬ԼĿ껹жԶĿԼǿִ
ҫбǿıִȻֵҪǿħһԼȷŵĺܣػߵһУִǴﵽƷͬȵĸ߶ȣԵĻ䳬ԽҲǡ
Թҫ߾ȣ޷ҲǿƷŰĹ裬ǱߵҲͬ뵽ؼʱ̡
ѾһˣһֱӱƳĺһڣ૵
ʱѾȥ˾ʱ࣬Ӱ˵ϵı˿ȥǺ˲٣Ϣƽȣüͷչ˵״̬ɫ𽥵ĺת
ںתܵǿȥеƣ۲״̬ˡҪһһɵȳ廨ŵţȻ󽻸ȥڡָ߶ȼеľ£ҲԵе΢ƣҲӦõġ
ֻд˷УȻʤڰȫ뱣ܱ֮࣬һΪҪ֪ʧȥ鶾赼ڵ鶾壬Ὣ뿪򶾳͵Ÿջصġ
⵱ûκһ򶾳͵⣬鶾һҷ֮һͬʱҲʧȥ鶾һȱ㣬Ǿֻղܷš
˻ںϣԺΪãҴܣĶزǿʣᶾอ٣鶾һֻẦԼûаôĴڡ
ôİ취ҲֻһǾǳŵһ˲䣬ƣʱŬڵֻʣһɣֻҪ٣ô˱ɴȥ
ڴʱ˸Ҫ֮ʣܰҶҲеˣ˳˵ͷõֵĶˣܰͻȻֵСԿջ񻹲Сء
Ȼ¾㱸Ҳ飬ͬʱ˾һϻɫŰֻǾű֮ʱ˽üͬʱջʼĪĵϢ
ôˣ΢΢üʵ˽֮ˣľٶԲʲô޵ķʸ϶һԭ
磬ѾСһСȫѨҲͨˣҲ˵ѾСˣ൱ͬС뾭һͬˣСǷ϶ˣԻٲأĿϢ˵ʱϵҲǲ쳵ĺܡ
ͷ˼һִ̧סļ񹦵ڣһɨϻɫţ漴֣ǳ˼Դʣִһ˷ܡ
ѧľԴȵš


ʮ ܼҰѪɫ
ˣŵɫ͸оӦǲûдֻǰ˵ӦòѹĹϹֶԪˣʱԪ붾ศ֮£ĹϹδס
ͨⲿ򶾾Ԫᵼ¾ԪΨһרϹǿƳԪҲãԪֻκ̬صڣ˵鶾ӵԼ򶾾Ԫ򶾣򶾣ȻҪľŶѽֻǣŪľ֮֮ճɣʱһʱûУôأš
˽Ǹ֣ĿȻö˵ôܹӳ˵ĶĿƽ󣬿Ц磬һŶС֮ԻľĶӦøǶԪѲ˸ϵɣ
Ԫ˵ĹöԪ򶾾Ԫأ
΢ȵʵ֪򶾾ԪֻǣֻҪǰʮһݴڣҪߣʵҲɣֻߵĸܹ߲Сĳɹʶѡ
û뵽ĹȻô±ȻöԪ򶾾ԪⱦˣˣӴľ
ϾһħԪǿǿ鶾ľҵģҶԪǰǿǱ˶ħԪһΪĴڣԶ֮˵ֱǱһЩΪ֪أҲǿԽܵġ
ͺһ֪أǾǱ·ľоƣ˵𱦶һľķš
ʻ˽㿴ңҿα飬껸ɿһһԻصǸ֮ǰʱ򣬱Ǻ䱬ˣ
ʲô䱬ˣܼǿǶԪǵԪȫ½ٿڵĲ飬ԼıΪѾе΢ıˣؼеߣʮˡ
ÿɲֹҩѣΪűйһֹˣʱҲҪҪϽһȻ䱬ˣҲ̫ܼ˵ɣ˫ĿĭɵĴ´Уôʧķζ˵еˡ
ܻģҲҡͷϾԷ֪µԭίһСҲϾ󣬻˵ȷǿϧ
ý͵ģҪͣ껿˵ɲ£ʱСӱ붦УҲ޷ų²ߣǶǷҫһ飬һ£ҲֻܻˣٶҲû취İ취
˭˵ģԴһʵ۹⿴ˣҲ񿴵Ī
Ƕ֪ôԪգֻҪӶķλټϱĵͬʱܿѽɵƵÿ˵
˵أҪ֪÷Ѿţ֮ٶ𣡡˷ǳͬһСʼеΪԼոյŭŭɫ˼
ˣϾͨҸʦϻǳһȻǺƣĶħԪǵһΪ뾫Ӧһֹע壬˲ɾľĶʣ²ٿ๦أҲʤޣ
һ߳˼һߣɱĿϢҲһ
øɾľĶõĺôֹˣܹȫھôӽ֮󣬵޴ȥá
ˣȻ¶壬ôǱ뿪˵ذɣ˵
һ£ҪȰ׶ƽ¹ߣܰ˵
ûڣܰߣĶԷļ΢Цİɣҫ磬ڰȫúܣλǰߣµģ
üͷһƣһۣЦãô֪ģ
֮ǰǵâԼ˵ˣʦϵĸѽʦĲƽӦĹѣѽѷֲǣӦ쳹ͣŶԡ
ǣոյ춯ֻѣڸǷƽ˾Ҳ˵һռţѹһŶԡĹӮˣɱˣûмˣôҲ˵ѹƵĹ豾˲Ŷԡ
ȻݴŲƽҲ뻯ĹȾ㾳ͬҲӦòвŶԣϾԷ𶾻ʣöһˣʵ뻯ҪһߣѹĹǸˡ
ôųԺҲֻʣλǰŻ˵ĴѹĹˣҪǣ֮ǰǵâĽ⣬ǰҼλǰʹģལָİԽ԰ɣ
һ΢Цһ٩٩̸˵ལָʱ˶֪еλǰ˭ˣǽ֮ɰ
ãδݲʵĽ΢΢һЦڿɽׯʱҲʶһƷжҲûʲôӡ󣬶˵ĽҲΪ
磬дĻԵСҲΪˣֻǵҵ̫ɽ֮ʱȴѽ΢΢һЦʵ
Ե治˵ʱʦ£ԴˣȻʱѾȥˣӦǵʱԵֲɣ΢Цص
ڶط̸֮꣬ʱ˵ĵ濪ʼҶǧС԰صҲ;˴ԼﷶΧ֮⣬һöѪɫڲͣĲţһдżΪļ
Ѫɫߴʮ⣬ֱһףλһߴףһ׵ɢһ㵭Ѫ漴ʮѪ缲磬գ۵Ĺ򣬺֮Զ㼱ǰ
Ҫֵֵ֮ʱȻƹˣ˵ĺ󷽣ҲĹҫȥǸ
˽֮ˣһҲ˲ǰ⸱⡣ǰⲻͣ죬ѪɭɭпԿޱֵһҲ뵽ǰľˣֻվһӦĹŶԡ
ȻѪɫѸײڶٷ䣬գ֮䣬ƷߵѪɺ˺ѿľ޴ƿϷԾʮȽǣ֮£ڰҫƷĹǰ
ʱĹ裬Ѿ˱ƷɼӳµѪɽӲǲռϣǰһѱѪѹĴ飬ƷɼӳµѪѾ޷ݵĵزҪݣ԰һɽѹ塣
ԣӲԲƾеʽǱƷɽµѪɺݺѹµʽٶĹӴʵˣǲҲҪѲƤ
ǧһ֮ʣѪɫˣǣӸͬĽǶȣĹȥ֮һĹס
Ĺ廨֮һĹƿڴǧС԰ڣ֮֮ԽԽǿǰ󳶽ѪɫڣһеķҲͲҲһϢ֮ѣûзӦ
ѪɫĹ賶֮󣬲ͣҡβƺڱʲôڵĹ裬ϻҲˣİɣҲ嶯ģƷ֮ǿ֮ܵҫôɵĳɹҲûǰأǺǣ


ʮ 㲦С԰Ūõˣ
䣡
һ죬صޱ֮У֮޶ݺݵһ޵߶ʶļĳ
֮з·һ侪ֵ£ȫŤͷƵķܣǰĻǧģǶԼ֮ǰǴطԶһ㣬ԽԶԽõ֡
֮ǰȥĵطһһ¶һ޶Ľһ׾ٵĽǻҷĽһԻصĽǵУƺڷǳĶ˵һȺ֪νԶһ㣬Ȼͷն㡣
ǽĳ̶ȣƷջͷųһ˿⣬٬һЦʶ࣬򣬽Ͱǿԣ
ƷɲѪϣĹ豻֮˳˳ĺ䵽ڵأƷҲĹȥֻͣҪκ˶ӳģΪ֮
Сһʲôأôż²ʶƷɻͷЦеʵ
ʱİҫüͷһţ˫ֱֱĶƷɲţոյһ˿ƣǰδе𾪣ԼûԹƷͷųƣֻһΣȫͬرĸо
ǿĺǿΪʲô̫ɽʱûĸоոһ˿⣬ҸоؼʲôûˣֻнĴڣ·𽣲գһһ㣬ǿѾ޷ĵزҫͷ˼š
Ʒɵһ˿⣬ǿֲΪϵĸоָоĽ˾ͽ죬ԶĹ裬ӵеġ
ǽǰԼϣԼȫԼϣǰλǿ߽ɵϡָо֮ܲ࣬ŵҪתָо뷨
Ϲʲôأ
ҫԴһ΢ʹƷɸһԹϱȻ΢ЦſԼæȭһ񣬹˵лǰҫոʧˣ
Ʒ΢Цŵ˵ͷһ˫ǳ˫ۣעŰҫţƺ˰ҫһ㣬ͷ˵СһӦ֪ôһ仰ţ»Ϊβ£Ϊ֪ϻںδ
ͺ񵱳һҵʵھ޴󣬲Żᵼҵʵûһʶ־޴Ĳ֮£ұʵǿȶоͷųҵ뽣⣬Ļܻҵһͨأ
ᵽҵǿǾȫ֤ǿˣɳˣѾǿܹоҵǿˣɲʲô˶ܸоģһЩȴʱ㻹ҪǿһЩļһﶼδܸоĵСһĳɳҸеοѽ
ҫеˣƷɵĻֶ˵ĿȥˣҫǵǰʵȻֻǻججѣֻ֪Ʒɺǿȴ֪Ʒôǿǿĸо
ᵽƷɵʵǿǲ֤Ҳǿô
ǰѵǣҲлǰޣҫȻṼǰʶҫǰΪĿ꣬ؼĶ壡ҫٴαȭһ񣬼Ϊ˵
ӴСһͦ־ҪΪĿôĿ̫ôͲԼԽʧԽ󣿡ƷɿЦ
ҫȻĻصҫԼֻӸߵĿȥԽԼøǿǷݶȥƴȥĿ궨ĵˣֻ㣬ԭ̤ΪǾ֮ܣҫ룬ҲԸ
ãһҲԸݵ־ûиӴڸľ񹦣漰ʱԵӱһݼ񣬵㲦仰պдããƷɵͷЦе֮ɫΪ
ҫҲ´ʲôܹõƷɵĵ㲦ݷζʱܵõԳƵðˣȻҪԴݽֻ仰ĵ㲦κ鵤ҩҪʵڡ
񹦾ףȥʱסҪִֵţ²иĵšһԪ̩Է£޵ʮͨмǣмǣ
ҫع֮ʱǰĻƷɵӰֻ仰صڰҫĶߣҫҲ֪óĸֻͷıȭǰҫлǰ㲦֮
ȻǺ仰˼Һ㲦ˣܲ͸ҪԼˣ仰ҫûж
˵ľ񹦵飬ʲôް°ŰԵе翣ٴ˼һȫǾ񹦵ʫ䣬ʵɶĺͷԣе㿴͸˼Ƿѽ⡣
ǰ䵹ԣһ̩ͻƾĲΣҲ⣬޷Ҳǹ֮ʺϵѡ
ɺľԷ£޵ʮͨȫˣʲôʮʲô֮ϻеʮôΪʲôʮ񹦣ȴҪоأʺ֮£ҫֿʼˡ
ڰҫԴӻû۶ʱޱֵĵ濪ʼֻǵѣе񷶥ҲǧС԰ľʲ㣬ͬҲʼΪԵ
֮涶ԽԽ·ǿһ㣬վȽŸĵزҫ˲˹סΣ񷶥һ˺
ҫͷһͷϷľʲ㣬ϵĳһѿڣݺύĻԵúƵҫһʱ֮еǰľݶΪޱȡ
ҫ磬߰ǧС԰Ūõˣ
һԴŵĻҫĿɿڴͷѿڴ׹ֱµܰҶˣеزʲôŪõˣʲôֽпˣ
ʱԼԴеʺֶ˺üҪΣݲϸ룬ը˶пܣǾݲϸ롣
ҫ𣬽סɻԵ˫һİһƬһչżһٿİɶݣҪӳ֮ء
ƬضɽҡĻʵޱȣΪڰҫ˲ͣɶ֮ʱѾֻǣ񷶥˺ˡ
񷶥ƬƬ䣬ҫˣǧС԰еĻ̳һ֣ǰԼһЩﲻΣǧٹ֣׹档
ʱޱֵĻͻ֣ᷢⱯֵĵĴڲͣݡ
ݵķΧԽԽ㣬ʲôӦƵģͣɢȥֹͣʱֱѴﵽӽʮķΧ֮ǰԣǧС԰ıŪõˣˡ
ҫͣλһ֮ʱǰǻȻʣģΥչâǰһƬǽ֮ϡ
ǰ֦֮Ҷ̵ضǣлһЩʬ壬ԼһƬƬĻ̳ľֱͺ쫷ϯһ㣬ӦǱ쫷ɨ˲Ŷԡ
ҫŤͷһۣһҵµܰҶˣԼεͷûѯʣʹһ쳹ŭŵƤһ亹ͣĵ
ƿСɶȻһ԰˳𲻹죬ϷɱĲΪˣ
Ĺľŭ


ʮһ ·֮
ǸҾðɣǻԶһĺãǾأҫ΢΢һЦڵ˳һ£ͣĴͷ
ҫҶ￪ڵңһ߷οܣ뿪˵أ
˱˴˶ӣǵͷͬ⣬Ҷͷһ򣬼ֱߣҫҲ֮ϡȥ֮һռɢĹŭݵΣڰҫȥǰ֮ء
ʱĹ裬еҪ˼ֻؽҧ۰״Ѫ˿ͷϵȫ𣬾Ͳûбѵɼŭ˼
ȻҲѹŭɶԼѶ˲ˣܲŭôֻŭ޷ڰҫˡ
Ϊ֮ʱһҲͬʱǰ˲ܵеģ֮ǰǸѵĿأ
СĹ裬ּƷƤЦĳĹкһ죬üͷ塣
ǰǰһٴãǰĲҪ̫ˡҫСΪ֮ˣʵ̫ҲͽһϢ˲ɣǰø·мպл
Ĺ輸ҧźȭ˵һ˫׺ݵĿ⣬ֱҪ˶ɣǱҫ˸ˣѪпܡ
ôͦҵģҪҪοһ°СĹ裬Լû£֮סͱֱ˲ѣгԹĴڣˣ㻹˼˼СƽϣҪҪƤˣ
ƤֱƷɵдգȻΪģôôҲǽ޵ڵʱʵ¡
ҪһʵһˣĹǰôʴʣͱĹ˺ƬˣƷô˵ĻĹûʵʵõ֤Ҳʵڵĵ
ǰǷҪǰҫɣҪͽأ
Ĺ˫Ŀ΢΢Ʒǲ޷Ը̹ˣֻǣڶ̲¡
Ӵʼе㵫ˣҶײˣҽվҪеʹ߹
Ʒ΢Цͣ˵ĻʵĹкΪѣûǸǿڶҲԵò̫ˡ
ǰͨ죬֪ǰһ֮ǣǰĪҪˣĿɽаʲôʧаȫ֮ǰ㿪սʱ˫ȭѵ֣ǿǰ㣬֮ΣɣĹ֪УֻܰаɽѹԷ
̫ûֵԵôǲеˣҵ֮£ǲҪҸѣ䵱
ƷɲЦˣһЦĹʱоѹ֮з·һɽѹļ֮ϣʼе㴭Ϣ
ĹͷˣʱȻ˵Ʒɵֲֿ֮ʱԷһѹеѹˣԼĲôƷ˵ѽ
ƷҪɱԲῼǺıʲôɱɱˣ˭ҪҲһɱˡ
ɵĽеľɱ¾֮ɱ¾˵ֱǳԷˮһƽͬǾ仰ǽھʵĻϣ¡
⻹һ㣬аĵаĻΪȥƷɿսôƲ̫ܡеǹŵĲ´ЬģƷɵʵаɱһٳȥסʱаܻΪֿаڵĹ˾
ƷҰף޶Ů޺ҲûȻûѱץаӴľƷɵڣԼ뵽ǿаῼǲ
侲ĲȷаΪˣԼҲʼԼոаѹ˵޴ٶ
ëƷɳִɱԼΪаǧˣ˹ƶҪٷرʬʱĹѾʼȲȫû֮ǰǿơ
СĹ裬Ҫ֪аΪҿսֱ޻ֿЦɻȥǲ֪νСа񣬿ôش㡣ǣ˷ҫһõģ򣬺Ըţԣ
Ʒɵһ仰˲ĹйԷƣʵѹˣĹҲ֪֮ľѾˣƷɵѹʵǲòͷֻܱȭֻȥ
ĹЭ˾Ʒɵʵ⣬һɲǼԼµİֻ֣Ҫҫİ֣ôʱҫʹҲҪѲƤԻҵճһ룬ĹҲͻˣƷġ
ƷҲԼĴ㣬ǿǻῴĹСžţһ۱ѿĹµİֻ֣û˵
ʵƷҲǽƾͼƣΪľǺðҫ˳ĽһͬʱҲðҫ֪һ£ⷽصıĿҫѾǸʵ֪һЩˡ
Ѿͷ˵˵ɣǶʲô߳ôĶǲǰĹǧС԰ǿˣʵ
ʱҫҶĴ죬һ·бߣҫǳŴʱʳ˵ʵڵֳĶʵ̫ˣǿĹѡ
ҫҲʵǺúܣ˾ôǧС԰ŪģΧǴĺء
ʵʱ뿪С԰ϣΪĹ豻ѪɫԵʣǾĲӦö
ֻǾС԰Ļ̳ʱƺ̣Ǳþ˰ɣһѻ⻨̳
ȻҲ֧뷨Ĺ߸ӵΪҲͬʱŭƽΪСɣҲһͬŻ֣ľ뻨̳
ǣǧС԰ǿЦҷŵĻղ˶þԶϨˣʹҲ˵ǧС԰Ȼľʼ࣬ǾȻȼΨһľǣյ˻̳ڵһ䣬ܹĳ
Ҳ仨ճɻңŻᵼС԰䣬νǵضɽҡǲͣѿƿڣֱһ̤׹䣬ǵʵӦް볣Ҳˣƿֱӳǽ£ҿīӰӦҲ¡Ȼ˭֪ȥˣǵλþͷ̾ˣ˭֪Ƕ仨С԰ĺİĲܹǵģ
µ˵һ飬ҫҲϸţֻһеţֻһ仨ѣĹľӪ˲֪С԰⵱еİ治ܿ͸ġ
ʵյĻС԰ĺţҲһ滨ǿ˵ĽǣֻһֹЧ֦ɢҶ
ʵ˵˾Ǵ˻ĸ޷ֳǧС԰ľʲ㣬д˻ֳ˻٣ǧС԰Ȼ֮£ҲУĴһ㡣
ˣǵˣ
ҶĻҫع񣬲ִסˣǰǲò㵣Ҳò
Ҷĺö治ٰܷôҫ˫Ŀʮӿ۾һգգĿǰľգ


ʮ գӥʣСܣ߰ɣ
ҶģҲ̫˰ɣҫĿɿڴĿǰ˸̾Ĳ֪ôˣ뵽ݴҲĸֶѣǾ似
Ҷûİһۣһ˫ۻͣʮǵİҫ˵ŵļ׼֮һ֮Իޱ֣һΪһֻޱֲĲҩΪ˰ڵĳϲûпԼĽĵط
ŵĳϣвСĳԹأû㣬ޱֵǽ𣿡һ߸ǰһ߻˵
˵ʵڵģжﾪ̾Ȼ¶һ˷͵ɫ
ұˣǸϹΪɱһ±ǸôҶʼеҲǸӵĳأŭ⼫ԡ
ѽɲڶģΪӦ棬ͬУͲʲôˣҶҲһͬվˣҪæҺֵģҫԸ񣬾ȻȻǰסҶļ򣬿Ц
Ҷüƺܲϰ߱˹ҫʵĻҲҫҲȥǰ㷴ǧ֮⡣
ֻǣҶԸɲϰ߱ܵĽӴȻܰĻǾˣü֮㽫ҫֱ˦ȥ
ٹ£Լڲ飬ҪҲ޷֮٣ֻ᷸ŵļɻ䣬ֻᱻȺŵĻؿܣģڵʵֱɡҶˣԼǸʵȥ
Ҷĺ˰ҫһۣȻɱ䣬ǣеĺ壬ҫôѰҫҪȥðνķհ
ҫǿ˿˦µֱۣһҶĮĻЦԽԽһԵҲͬ΢΢һЦҫҶһңҲԽԽˡ
ҶôܰҲǰĴ˿ǰȻѯʵ
У׼ĻշɿϵУУӥʣҶ￪ڻص
ҫ˵˵ͷǰӥеģ˽ǰٿ壬һԽԽ˷ܣԽԽ֡
ǰνӥӥľʽṹ߷ֲ֪Ĺͭɫɣӥױ̵ԵüΪ档
һˮͰĽβڣʹ֮ͭɫʳΣɹͭɫɣľ𸲸ǣһƬһƬԵúʸС
߳ȻչΪڳɵVΣһΰľʵĽṹɣĩֿߣηṹ¡
βһν𣬳δ򿪣࣬Ǻʵһصĸо
ڳε֮£ֻ׳ӥצľʵûһ˿һĻζ̩ɽֻľӥצıԵĵΪǰһ˸ɭɭ⣬Ե÷ƥ
ӥܳɿ⣬ɣһ࣬Ŀֲ֮ʧֲ֮ʧ֮ʧ׺ּӾ֮£ҫԽԽϲ
ṹȻνӣǷĽṹ޿޵Ρе𾪵ǣӥƽУ壬͵ִĻ˵ǣſը졣
ӥ֮ǰദһҪ޲һ£һʱˣǲҪ̫Զʱ򣡡
ҶŰҫ˲̲˵漴ҲԹԵæȥˣܰΧ߲ͣǣҶҲǺĵĻش˵⡣
ܰ⣬Ȼʱʱ¶ЦݣɰҫʱܵҶԣһûһĻشţЩʱǲҫ
ðҫƣдҶûԣ֮󣬰ҫҲֻܻ߿һԣٴŲԶȻʴ
ҫûǰʵʱѾָȫҲ൱ȹ̣ڴ֪Ȼ͵ľʱҫΪеϲ
ľʲôĴڣ˵¶֮ͬҲǴϹʱģ壬ã绢ֻҪʵȻͻͽĳɾҲ϶ǲĺܡ
ҫʲôظ֮ˣҲʲô֮ˣĳЩߣʳŲʿѾܿҲܶñͨˡ
Ӱҫ뷨˵ҲνѧʽֺûҲûʲôа֣֮ҪֵĻҪȡʹ书ˡ
д֮ڵѧʽ񹲷֮¡֮аѧʽͬǳħ֮١
һϣҫĻǺ͸ģѧʽʵǲƶģƶĽֻĶѡ
ΪԾûѣҫĲ룬Ӧ֮ǰγڹʢİʱ̫ŵʼջԲѣӦöϢһᣬûʲô󰭡
̾ϢһЦСܣϸûۻ٣ȻСˣȻ£۵ҲνʼûҵʻŶСܣԸô
˵ʵڵģҫҲ֪ΪʲôҪΪʶûõСܶΪһָоһֱȥˣԸʹ£ŻһеΪ
ͺ񵱳°ʱĸоһһ˵һ岢磬ʱҲָͬо派ӵЦݣðҫΪ䵲ꡣ
ԴӲǧԺڣǼ˵䲻ģ˷û껵˵Ļ֮٣ԼȲˡ
͸ƷɵĳֱˣʱҪûĳ֣ԼˣԼгԽʵ˵ǵԾ˽սܵʵҲûԾôԶԾô࣬ʥԾԸ뻯ǿ߶սʵ
ǲܵģҫԼҲĺܣʱǾյĺܣ˲˵һ׹֮ƣˤԼҲҪĹǰ·ûƷɵĳ֣Աɡ
ǧ֮УҫҲûзſ򶾾ԪΪУΪĶֲĹȾָԼҲ֡
ҫ֮ǰڸսǧС԰ľʱѾܰǰŵҪסⱣסĲֻһС
ǰҫµĳŵǳŵҫػɣԸ뱾ģػһеıģɲֻѣŵ顣
ǰɱĿ޷Ӧҫ΢΢һЦҡҡͷת֮ʱһƮƮĻﴫĶУǸ߸
ҫ磬ˣԸСܣ
ôСܣ߰ɣ
ţ46


ʮ δ
֮󣬰ҫû̸䣬ǰҲͬӥ˧ޱȣ׵͸ˡ
ҫŪһ˭ֱ֪ƲҫܵӥǰӣðʮǵֱУŪðҫͷֱð÷ֻƲֵϥȥˡ
СԳϣ峺ˮ񣬾ȻŮͨɱҶû԰ҫǰȻԵúѺã˵ʱش֪޲ԡ
һһ㡢ܰ㣬Ľţ̼Ը˻ļ죬ҫӥʵĳ£·˼ףҪ˸ӵˡ
ҫˣеҪܰҶ䷢쭣ΪСҲҪŮˣĲҡ
ҶԸܲܿ뿪Ҫˣͽᶼأֻˡ
˵Ƿ쭣ʵҲһѣҫʲôˣС̶ֳ𣿵ȻᣬҲΪͷˡ
Сľ˰ɣҫ߿ʵͬʱҲüͷҶﲻϵĴӸСľͳһӥʽ޲
ֱҲͰСľ򣬵ĺܣһܳƷ⵱еİҫһһҪʸס
ţˣҲ֪ôģһ볬֮⾳ͺˮһͣһһ׵ͻƣûоͷһ㡣ƣڻصʱѾܹλˣԽԽҲǳ֮Ҫ
Щһʮͣĸҩʹ㵱ɴ涾Ӱ󽵵ͣ򲻵磬ȻͲӣӣǵĹҲͲб𴩵һˡҫ˵
ЩѧʽϵĵãǰҲһһģϾҲƴɱеľ飬é®Ǵ´ġ
ѽѽʲô֮ʲô缺ʲôٰչˡʵĿĵģΪĲһ鶾ô
Ϊ˵ǣΪΨһ׵ǣԭĳˣȫ֮ˣҾȻΪףֿЦֿҪҵĶʣʮǰҲͬ⵽ǵĶְɣ˵ϵ΢ЦԵú˫ҲʼһƬ
ҫֱһץסļȻûпǱȴ쳣ȻСһӣһ˳ӴΪҲ֪
ǣǽ裬ΪҲã½Ҳãʲôãֻһ仰󸻴󣬵İԹԼûϵǲҪԼġ
룿ҫվվǰӸµʵ
븴𣡸Ǳ֮𣬸֮𣬸֮ҫ磬룡
̧ͷҫΪᶨͬҲΪ
ǰ˫нϣѩðɣȻˣȣҪԼǿҪԸʵȻ󣬽Ⱥ㣬㣬֮ˣٲɣҫһתȥ֮ˡ
Ҷ
ҫ̤֦ҶһӡУʹıӰǰȥ
ţ
ҫһץҶﶪľԲУԲСɣаֱҴ˶٣֮ȴһƬ֮⴫
͹ӣԲһһͼƵľ忴ȥͨװƷ죬ʵϣҫǿʵڣ֮ǰҶǲͣḧϷƵãͳһ֡
Ǽ򻯺Сӣ֮ǰǧС԰Ѱصġ˴һܣûбʲô;ĶҶѾˣ͸㣬ģ
ҶĻ֮󣬰ҫ˵˫۶ʱɵĺҪɳƵãӵţæ˫ĿƵĽСͿ˫һҪʮ״
ǺöԺڲôСıˣҶӦúɣû뵽ô󷽣Ժʲô鷳Ӹţɱ˷ŻҶƽˣ
ҫΪŵĴЦһֻֽŷӣһֻǲͣҶļ򣬺߲ͣķŰۣҫִ򿪣˵Ҳʲô̫ĶһǽеĺҲһЩҲСֻżӵһѣʵЧ֮һ磬ûʲô˵ġ
ʱһԵӹ磬Цŷӣڣ۴Сʵﲻݣﲻɣڿռޱޣʦǿռ֮һС˵Ŀɶԣ
ţϸţҶ˵ͷصⷽӵĹЧѴҲʲô˲õء
ôҶ磬Ը˵˵ռʲôôĿг״Цʵ
Ҷüͷһ壬˼һڵʮ޼칬ֻ˵ô࣡
ͷҫɵ㶵ĿŶ˶ԻҶпԵ֪еСֻǱ巽ӵһѣⲻ⣬޷Ҳ򱶵ķӶѡ
뷽ȥҲǲĺܣ־֪ԲʲôѰ֮ҲǣΪռˣѰȥ
ʱҲվߣ΢Цͣı峺ԿӦҲͨĳЩ£Ҳûҫʧ
ͬʱӥʶվҶǰƽӥĸһŨȴֲ͵ɫͣԴԴӥڲ
Ƭ֮Ҷһڣɫ΢ףصߣ΢鸡ϢԿ֮ǰ룬ӦĲ쳣ҶǲЩ˫Ŀһͺȵӥʣ
һ£˶ʵڣӥʵӥ״ű̳ӥۣʱԱһɫע֮ӥʷ·һ㣬һĦ֮
ӥֱ˫צӥװȻһ˫ӥ۱˵ɫâⷬ澰ҫٴޱȣһĿɿڴģٴα׼ӥʣˡ
ҶǰȥͷҲصĿڵ߰ɣ뿪˵
ҫ˻һۣһƽһԼз츲ص飬Ͼӥʵıãʵ̫ˣһʱе㱣ᲽȥҶĽŲ
ֱӥʣ˿ֻǣظ´򿪣һڽڵĽݣڼΪڰҶһ̤ʧǺڰ֮УҫҲһڿˮӲͷƤν롣
ȫӥظ֮ںظĽ£ӥͷ˫һչӥצץʵУ漴ɫӥ۱͸ޱȣͬһڵһ㣬ֱʣһգ۱ʧ
ӥȥ֮Ʒ֣߳ʧİҫˣƷ΢΢һЦڵСһҪʼأδΣĺѲ¡ҿԲµǣ֪ⷽصһʵʱı»ܾʰɣǺǡ
ƪǧС԰ᡣ
ڴ
ƪϹŷ񶼱䡷46


һ ӿ!밿!
ݣһڻԻ͵ľ޴֮ۡڣ֮ϣ֮˳ɶһ˾У֮Уһһչ˼ҵһʱ֮䣬˿νĭɣ࣬òɿ
治ףֻһ֪ߵغСһѣʲôǱޣҲڰ⼸ϹųɣЩʲôû·ز۵ôϵôûҪô󶯸ɸɣЦ
ߣűҲֲ˵һߴȥֻ˵һ䣬ӲǱһδѵĺáߵг˶ĲмдһּԵŭ⡣
Ϲʧķ˲ɣнʵҪȥǼϲͽܽȥҪڱүǰϣŲųţү֮ڴĹȡ˫Ŀ΢΢һ׹
ô
棬գ֮ǰݵγһ߸ߴһɿıӰӰò֮һҵıɫˣں֮ϣֱŶȥ
ǺǣҵЩСɫôϹүͿʲô£
Цݺ㲻ܣ˿һƷ˫Ŀһ裬׳Ѫɫ֦Ӱͣ¸ǱѪ֦ɲƣһ񱩵Ѫ֮ҲߵıӰ֣ǴӲһƣԼһȵʵ
ˣ
ڶ˽Ҫɼҵײ֮ʱһŭ챬ףһ⼸Ҫװıδ󺺣ݺȭԶΪĵһɷΧ۳һɫİԲι֣ڡ
ɫֺڵĶˣһʵʵӰ̼ɢȥΣβ棬Ҳͬʱƣڵѹ˺ݺһ˲䶯á
ҲֻһĹ򣬱ɢȥΣһһٲ޴󰭣ֻǶ˷ǳĬͬʱδ󺺣뷨Ҳǳһ£ǿ²־ٰ
߰˳ߣĿ࣬һʯһ߸¡𣬾ſۣҲܿΪ¶ʵƽ֮ƥ
һͷôˣǲʲôطˣѵһһٽǸԵ˶ԷһۣһصԵĶС
һߣͿȥˣһ׷üȴͯյϹ֣һɫҰ׵ĹͷɮҲˣһ΢ЦͣĶ̷꣬һޱȸꡣ
֮ϻϵȻ׳ɵǿߣҲͲ˵˴һǿߣ󺺾УȻ
˰ɣĻǳ꣡
һƮƮĻڳ˽ǻһ㤣ͬʱŤͷʮ֮ϣڵаͼƱеꡣ
˶ˣǲ֪ˣȷǲ֪ҲûпǴһ֮ʱֱּӰǵ˼άй٣ʶĲȥעǽϵıҪѣ˵ʵڵɲоʲô˴ڡ
μ뻮һϥ¹򣬹˵
΢΢һЦ˵ͷЦһĻСѽʲôֵô󶯸λ˵
һǱſаҫ겻ʮȴһΪ׵Ϊ뾳磬ͬٶȼѸͣͬ޵аĴڣҲԾսʵ粻ȥһǰȥնɱ߱ȭ˵Ǹҧгݵģ޲óҫĹǣǰҫƤʵǺ޵
ֻǣһЩķЩ˲뿪ԼһĶֵأݣ֮ⷽڣûȨǲֻоԵȨǵĵλʵξ棬ǰȥնɱ˰ҫֻԼԶ֡
˵˭ڣѹʥܻԽǲѣƵ򶾾ԪǸҫӵȷԶûеΪĵزʥҲδ̫С˰ɣЦ͵͵ƳһߣһּԵֻ
浽Ǹʱ򣬾ˣϷΪԲʣӣ뾡ȥϷǲħ֮Ȩǰȥնɱ˴ӣ󻼡Ϊأ̧ͷʱҲһı顣
ΪɲʦڣȻҲǾ֮Ҳֻǳé®ëͷСӶѣΪȻɹۣɲΪǣɽһߣȴ˷Ƴɹ֮ȥնɱҲ٣ӼʹôţʱҲȥаҪնɱ̽ȡޱȣ˼һ֮߳Ҳ̫ҫ
üͷһ壬Ҫڣȴ֮ϵֹ̧΢΢һЦ˵ҫӱҲжţӵȷǲĺܣ༼ר־粻ȴϵʵʵ뾳绹ȫȣȷǽеšɳȥ˵һǰأǺǺǣ
˶ĻˣǺˣ᲻֪ڳ˶֣֮ǳ˸߸ϵĵ⣬˶ӲʮУȫҰܱС
Ϊǿһľǿһ㹻ˣǸ߸ϵĵȻðҫ뽣ᲢۣʵţҲҷԼλͷ˾ҪԼҪԶܶɡ
ԣҫСһֵȥӣϧʱԣڲúǸƻʵǷֲ֡ˣʱȥҫպƻɹ֮ٽΪͷնɱĿ꣬ôɣҲȥú׼ҫǰļƻҪҪϰٱ򱶣ݡСʧ
һ䣬ʧʧˣ˱ԷصӰǣʵʵʧ˸Ӱ١
͵ͬʱͺһ漴뿪ȻŭĿӣҲûٷʲôײΪ֮Ҳ֣һһҵ뿪ˡ
Ǳδվڵ֮⣬΢΢һ㶣ԹԵĵ˵ͷȥ֮ǰһ̣ĻС
ҫǷǰĺѡ֮һյʱ䣡
ʥ˭Ҫ£ĹɣԳаĹ֣ͬҲò£ȻаӸλľʥ֮һʣµҲ˵ˣͬλӾʥˣô˹Ϊ꣬Ҫ˵ôа񰡣
аɰеǸƻӿȥȻɲɵҫ˴ͬһ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬĵطҫ֮ϡҫˣǴӥʵıӣſ˫ۣż磬ź~~~~~ҽ£Ҹӣǿģ޵еģⷽص̫ˬ~~~~~~
һӣҫ⵽ҶܰŮֲбѹ46


ڶ ӥʵļֵǺˣ
գ˵˵֮أֻҪǲȫ֮ˣһҲҪõǾǷ衣
ܹ֮ϵƲ֮У֮䣬˶Σʱ׹ʱߣʱȺɽ֮䣬ʱˮںϪˮ֮ϣһô顣
Ҫؼ䣬ǧ򻯵֮һȫ̯ѡѡϾܻĻôʮа˾ŵ˻ѡ裬Ϊ޾ķɿգڣȴ׵ķѣȾһ
Ȼ֮ⷽУҪ֮ϣҲǲܣͻ񾳣֮ʵͻƺôĿľܴˣֱӵ־ǣնɿա
ַʵҲǷɿյһֶѣһ־Ҫŵշɿϵеˣ˵ҫ˳׼շɿӥʡ
ӥʵԭԭͣڴȻķҰӥģȻҲܴܽĸӥһģһˡ
ȻǰӥԭԭͽƳ͵ӥʣȻֻзаⵥһ;䱾ĹֶΣҲͬӥһ㣬ϬѸܹͣΪӥ׵幥ӥצ幥Ⱥ幥ģʽ
һ֣ӥϵǿɲΪ˺ÿȥģһֿȺɷصǿڡʱöǿǿһֱȥģҴ͸ҲǼǿٲ֮ڿɻֱľÿһöǿ
ʱеıԵ˲ӿһ㣬ӶֻҪλʥֵΧԴﵽһһҹƣַɼһߡ
ڶ֣һ˫ӥצľʻǰһĽץޱȣԼɵ˺һߺͬ㣬ʥĻҲ޷ֵĽץ
ӥצƵĺǿԽ£ſ湦Чֱͬʵӥצһ㣬ֲʧϬȣڲ׽Ŀ빥巽棬ױȵơ
֣ӥ׵ĶˣҲǷӥͣڵ״ǳһԲ׵״Ƿнͻ̶Ľģọ̈̄Ҳһط
ӥʵļٸ֮£Բ׶εļŷǳ˵Ĵ͸˵ʥ˻ˣ񾳵ףͨϵٶȼӳ֮£Ҳܹ˲̸ͨ͸־ԽԶԽ죬Խǿĵ幥ģʽ
׼շɿӥʣΪ׼ʵ飬ӥ֣ƥвλϵʥ֣硣
λϵģҲԽμսϿԷλĻֱӷɿ߾ˣ¶޷УӥȻȥ簡
˿ɷɿնӣӵȫĹֶΣǼǿܷɿգǾӼУɱԽıر֮
ŵӥۺϼֵȫǲԶﶼĶѰ֮ᶼᣬֱӶ⣬ŵرҲҪʲôƷЧõģýǮȥ򣬸붼ȥ룬ζ̫¡
ӥʵļֵԼԵİǰˣһֵּ֣ŴĶԲΪġ
ӥΪܹӥһзУԼܹ֮ɻʹ֮һеһУҪ鹦ڷӵһǺ˵Ĵˡ
ǺҲޱȣǿԴȥЧûʲôãʵϣװؿ֮ศɣд֮ܡ
ǴʣüȴţҪһ֮жɢֱ췽ҹ̷
ǣȴˣǾñ翣˼Ŀռ֮Ǻ˵ڱ㲼
ֻǺڵĿռ֮ܶҪСӣϾǴɢģܶȹͣȥ֮ûѷûˣǻƨ
ͬҲΪܶȵĿռ֮ŻᵼǺֻܴ治˱ĶΪĶһ룬ֱӾͻᱻܶȵĿռ֮ѹɷĩⴢЧҲôˡ
ˣʹ֮ٽͨһؿܵڲγһѭ֮ƣתˣڲٿأӶ𵽲ֿҲؿܵЧ
ȻûǺ˵ĴڣҲֶģʽвֻٿԵúɬϾĲͨ˵ķӦٶʱټϻؿʱʱ⵱еӳһʱ
һ벻ôҪĶ˭ˣһʥĸ֣һ֮㹻ɱһͨϰٴˣʵȵĸ֣Ҳ㹻һڽֲ¹ˡ
ҲǺ޿Чã䰲װڻؿ֮ڣЩؿܳΪһĸ壬ʱʱ˲ͱĥƽˡ
ԣƳĻؿܣҪֿأתɻһ˶غؿܵİˣǹ鹦Ǻ˵Ĵڡ
ŵķɿϵʵҲǷΪϵУһϬһаٱϵУʵַ֧ȡڵϵ֮Ӷ·ɿϵеһΪ˺󻰣Ҳ
Թʱİҫ˷ܵĲˣ֮ǰ飬Ѿ֪ɹٴˣҲûٱҶͬ˵ȭߣҫִ˲ƣظһЩ˿ȥܶ¡
ӥʵڵҲǿĺܣһɿһɣɵΣȥǺܴ󣬿һڲͷĿռȿȥҪö࣬˾ۼȫԵӵ
ҫĿʵʿռСڵңҲǿռ֮һãǰѿռ֮õ쾡£öá
Ҷվһľ֮ǰͣˣͬʱְһƬʵʯ֮ϣɫʯ֮ڣʯҲͬʱӫ
ӥѾﵽǧ֮ߣޱֳѾȥ˽ʱ࣬Ҷ£ҫ˴ȥ֮͡㣬Ҳ£ÿȥǴУؿܹھȥʶ
ֻһС鷳֮ǰڰҫ䷳ľ£ҶʵǱĽӦ˰ҫ󣬽ӥǧ֮ߣһߣҶˣƲ㡣
ȻǱˣһ춯أǧŭ֮ӥȻûбպ䱬ĳЩܵ١
ʱ£ǿޱȣǰŲˣ궼ųӥʵķҲǿӲ׹Ʋ㣬ؼ֮Ҳһ
һеʼٸ߰ҫȻ⵽˺ݺݵҲ֪֪֮ԼˣҲǴ򲻻֣ڣſʵͷ
ڰҫ˳ӥʳȥƲ֮󣬾ҫǰ֮ңƲ֮У˳ǧϰٵĽ
ЩųһֺйɵĶΣڳŰҫ˵ķȥҪ˶ã˫ʽ档210


 Χ
ݾǣҲ֮Ϊλݶٺһص򣬴˵ŨƣУ䲻˵ֲָӷΧҲٵĿһף·ˡ
棬ǾǴɢŲһļˣ˴УҪ򣬼ֱϼѣܵ¡
ÿ궼д뽭ɢʿǰȥ̽յģʮа˾ȥ޻أҲûһ˿ĵţһЩ˾ȻԼȥ£Եù쳣
ȻҲһЩɢʿȡ˾˵ĺôЩ˺ڲúĽ㴫˵ѩѱ˵𸮣˵ţ˵ţ˵а
Ҳ˵ҪľȡúôҪôַǷĸʵǾ˵Ҫô죬ײʲôĻȥ޻أܵõôһ
⾩֮ôɢʿߣԼ긴һոһյִ˲ƣȥ̽ѰΪһΪֹڱ˿ڿഫš
⾩֮ڣϹżĴڣЩϹԼһЩ׵Ϲžڹķţڳ˲ΪȻΪĳЩҪһٳĺ֮ͽɢҥԡ
ֱһ Ϲžڹķŵĳ֣ԼһϹ˵ˣǱһ̽ѰϹżȳ 
־ɳǵĺ̽Ѱ֮£ϹžڹķѾϵı֪Ҳǲϵۻ
ҫľ񹦣ğo˪ľҶĵľ澭Լٵ񹦣ЩϹžڹķǧʿǧ࣬⾩֮Ѱģ֮ڻԵɺ֮ɢڽ֮С
Ȼ٣ϡΪ󣬱𽭺кɳ˵ϡƷĴڣοֻҪЩϹžڹķ㣬߱׽µĴܡ
ԵʲôϹžڹķټ䶯ȻһѪʢıﵽ˲˲ĵز
һµŴ齭ˣھ֮ڷһǳأһϹĳǳأǸҪ֮ʱֳǳֲˣ漴һֵ̽ѰϹżȳٴα
ֱ񣬶ûһٴηֳǳصڣȻ̽Ѱȳ裬Ѿ˿ʼŵʵԣȻȷʵڵġ
˵ʱ˿̣سǳһӪ֮ڣһİ칫ڣһװ壬ĸߴӣһŸ֮߱ϣּ̣
ͻȻһһش󼸺űȣ𷢱۵Ůɣǰ˵ָӹ٣֮͵ĲϣѾռϣǩ֣һһҪȥѧԺǰԺʿߵĺܼأ
ǣϼһһˣô𼱻ǵģˣҿԺǩ֣ȥǰɣ֮ƻҷ⵵ݿУΪһܣ΢΢һЦȦڻص
ŮҲͬ΢Цͷеһ͸ֽƬķǰ͸ϣ漴ʲô˵ˣ֮ͽвԵʱۻĵһ˼Ļ棬Ѿ뵽ĸݿУҾָӹ٣Կһ¡
Ŷ
СµĿһŮɣ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
أ뽫ʮĵƬӵִдXXXXXX
ףƬ߷ֱʴСϡָӹټģ
ţŮɵһ£ԼһӺϳ漴ڶǰĿռ䣬һν͸ĻʮżΪƬͣڶǰƬڵʮͬĽǶȽ㣬˵һš
һ˫ĿԽ˵أ֪ͨ䳲ӣָӹٵȨޣ䳲ӵĵһھжӣƬеءͬʱʮۣʱλķй켣ڷ䳲жĿӴ֮󣬽洫
ϵһҪݸָӹ٣ʱҸ˵ݿڣָӹٴʱָӻ㱨ִС
ӺϳٴδףȡھָӹٵȨСȨ޵ȡɹѳɹӷ䳲ܶӳͨѶ豸񷢲Сܶӳɹ񣬷䳲ӵһھжӣʮӺȫգһСʱĿӴأʮ۳ɹĿ꣬ھָӹȫɣָӹȷϡ
ȷϣȳȥͷ֮͵ǩֱ档
Ů뿪֮ӾôֱֱĶĻеƬЦͣ
˵ôþûˣϣҪʧ
ǰʮƬУһľʣ߷ֽӥӵУǰҫ˳׼շɿϵӥʡ

ãֻ΢˶ѣֻǷƲѹܴʱ޷ԼλˣҲֻҪһʱѡʱǸҰסˣʲô޴ΪҶ˵ļа壬ӥڲĵ沿㣬ҫǲ˼һɵЦš
ҫ磬еŶôϹͣһʲôǴǧɸ߿׹ĻƴƴأҫƲֵ˵֮ǰƲ֮ŵʧɫڶ¡
ѽһǻкĵôȤŶҫʼһûûεЦݣܰŮٴλһȭܽӴ
ǷģҾʹĶˣǷ˰ɣҫű׵գŶŮһݺݵģһ߲ͣȥһš
ҫ磬鷳ԴӲ̨Ա뿪𣿻УɿץŲ˵֣𣿡
Це˵֮ҫߣһᣬ֮ҫѧˣκζҲʲô˺յľٶʵʵԼһͷ
ܰˣ¶һ֣ĵ΢ЦҫǲǵչֳһûͷûԵԸСŶҲǲȥǰн
ִڣ޾һ³ԱĵԸǶԽ˵ǱĬиȾ˶ˡ
СţҫСȡһűɫСԲ飬
һӣ˿еıԲ飬ԴʵŰҫ΢Цͷ˵򶾾Ԫģԭ
ҫ磬ллˣ̾һڵ
ҫ΢Цص
˵ͷ˿е򶾾Ԫ֪ǰҫģֻͨСӣ治ֻ鶾ѹѣаҫǷ塣
̾һ漴˫ºʮ򶾾ԪУɫ·ܵĴ̼Բڷӿͣת˲仺͸Բ֮⣬ڡ
ʱҶӥʵĵײֻ߳üͷ壬˵鷳ˣ棡
ӥڲıԵ򿪴ڣһĿɿڴǧԲͽһҫˣذΧ210


 Ϲ߲ƣ
ҫɵˣǰĽԲɵ𺳸УɲһۼӥʱĸоðҫĻ˵ֱĿը
ԣҫ۾еҪʮ״ƣһ΢Լģȫܹоĳ˵ĶϰҪˡ
ڰҫ˵ܰȻ𾪣Ҳܱһ˿ǣڽ򶾾ԪջڣҲֲľƣҲֻҶ¶һı顣
磬Ȼؿ֮ǣȺԲ̷ɿӦòŵĶɣüͷҶ˵
Ҷ˵ͷ֮߷ֽ䱸Լֿȣѵõһ̣ڻصǣŵҸұ֤ûһһؿһ־ĶЩϿѾ֪Ƿɵˣ
˻һ˰ҫԶŴԲ̽⣬ܰ¶һı鿴Ҷ˵ȥ
ǷɵϹż򣬾ˣҶص
ܰ¶һԭ˵ı飬Ϲż뾩ʣ˵˿İЩ緱һţԼԼڵһЩһ֣ǿɶǼ˶ĵز
磬ȻܹЩбǵķλôҲ̽ѰϹżɣƣջأ΢΢һЦ˵
Ҷ˵Ҳʲô˵£ǧ̽ѰϹżԼɢʿǲҪ̫࣬öǳȫΪ
ҶҲûʲôòҴŵģʹʹĳĻ˵ѩѱϹżջ񵽵ĺöҲȱ٣Ȼǟo˪ģܲʯͷĳİɡ
ϾϹżľ֮ڣĵطҪҵһϹžڹķ췽ҹ̷ϹšϹţȥϹżңȥġ
ǰʦڵλϹͬǰȥ̽ѰһΡнӽ֮Ȼջ񣬲ܰȫĲ֮ɻһЩϹԼϹžڹķ
ջıЩϹˣֻǴϿЩʱ˿̵ȣ˲Сĸı䣬ϹĴ˵ʵڵģΪʱʦûֻһƷһڿЩΪƵѽ
ҶԽԽȣǸ˵ǣ˸еôһ˿˿ˣܰŮҲΪȻĵ˵ͷҶĻǱʾͬ
ֻǣ˵ǵģȴһˣڴǾǰҫ
ϹżϹϹ񣡡
ƺ·Ϊֱֱ˰ҫĶĤУ˫еʮԽԽѸײڶ춣֮ƣӥڲ춥뷨˵ȥЩкԱʾѺã
˼һٶŵû궼ɳˣæȥְ˽ŵĽ˻ѹˡЩʱҫ飬˺ޱȣȫԵΪǰľƿɲûô򵥡
ǧϹŲƣȻʱûеһʱܵǵĹǵķй켣ǽӥʶɣһҲû֮ܵĻ
ôֻһˣԷǰѰҫ˵˹Ŀˣ֮ԵڶûйΪûеָĵصɡ
Ĳõ˴ҵһϿɣҫҲ̼侲˼ǰǲڷ裬ӭս׼
ʵҲְܹҫô嶯ô˷ܿȣΪ˶㣬ﶼ
ҶȾ֪ЩܰʱΪ֮ǰнҶĻڣԲܱһֵǣĻǶ˵һμĳ֣Ҳָҫı硣
ΪЩԲĿͷۻĸо
Բûгȴܹɿն׹ʱʱ任λƶˮԵ쳣ɣһ㣬㹻ðҫе˷ܸгˡ
еδ֪ĶֲΪΧΧӰ죬֮£Щδ֪Ķֻþˡ
ϿЩԲ̽һźʵĽһ㣬ֱӽһߣȴ磬ͨףڱԵһɫĹ߲ͣһͺһ˫˫۾һ㣬ӥʲš
ЩӴȺҲչҲʲôôΧӥǰƶҲЩûкøеԭ֮һΪΪ
ʵȷģǳȷ
ʱسǳ֮ڣһɫ£ƤЬTһ԰׵ľ׳ӣֶվһų֮ǰһ˫˫ĿĶϳֵʵάӳ񲻷š
ʵӰ֮еһУԻڵʵ壬Сǧ֮ģĸ߷ӳǵķΧ֮УһеκεǣһݶԸָߵҪֳټһЩãսʲôɳݣǿ˲֪ٱ
ʱӳֳ֮ģӥڱԲ̽Χĳӵ˵ͷָһһöСɵĳ͸漴ǰĿռ䴦һʵĻĻ´ĵھָӹ١
ָӹٸ£䳲ӵһھжӣѳɹгӴӱָָܵӹһָʾ׳һһļ⣬ȥţǱЦı飬ٲȻһѪ˵硣
ֻҪָ̽䣬ͬʱ̽ǣȷĿ״˵ĻͲȥˣеȥţǾǲڶжȥѲ׽ǿҷ㽫УʵУ
ǣ
Ļʧٴ˸񣬵ͷӳĴָʳָ׼ӳһӳС֮һֱӥһȦɫȦľݣԼҪִʱ䡣
ǧʿԺƣһ͸⿿ϣÿ˶˫Ŀͷϴһͬ͸ߵͷ漫߿ƻøУʵǻĲС
ڽָİ׺з䳲жӣչսͣȡ֮ڽ䣬һ̣һҪӮĸɾ䣬ô׳漴ǧʿһȣƾˡ
ǣ21046


 ս뷴
ӥɰ裬ǧ߽Բ̾ôİΧţسǳصĿսָӲڣ䳲ܶӳҲǾ׳ӣʼһ˿ɡ
ɿΪʲôֱֱĳָĹȥ˵ͻȻַ䳲ɿղӵİΧ£ԷҪôǷҪôǸı䷽ԭеķй켣Ŷԡ
ɶԷƺûвȡκεĴʩôܲ˵ĳǰȥܷѽ⣬еǷΪ׳Ҳû䴳Լȵ¼ʶĽǰ¼Ϊԭ
һĿĵģ׼Ľǿͻ룬ԼȽеըֱӹΪ
ϾǰҲֱܷĳǹ˵ķɿ豸ԼҲǸǽֲˣĽṹԼ̬Ͼǳǵֱʡ
еʵĵطˣԷֻһܷɿкըʲô
ȥһɾǳǧģϾԼķ䳲ҲǳصģĿսǿԸԷƽֵĳ̶ȡ
κܷģôεӰֻɳһܣƺܿǶԷƳʲôǾִ߱ɱĳǿʽԱҪ뾡һа취
ڶǾܷɿ·ˣСĴǵհȫΧҺܴɵܷɿﻵˣܱҲܽ䣬ֻǰɣɵǣǵķԼȵĶա
Ȼɺܶ࣬ɺϺܶ࣬ԭǷΪʲôֻһǳǧΪβΪǹŽԼΪǲı䷽ԭеķй켣Ϊﻵˡ
ܶӳںߣĻеʾȫͨˣҲֻ˵뷨ѣҲĹǡ
ֻǵڶԭǻãֻҪԸֻӴȻԷ뿪Ǿ˲һѪսħ˾ʹ˾ɱ֡
Լжϴ󣬶Էǵһԭ򣬲ҲԼĹ˶Էֱ룬ԼĹȽһըԼԿһлˡ
֮ܶԶ֮£ΪһϸľˣͲܲڣǰĹġ
ҲرעһκһԷָôԷԾĹҹһҪΪԼĹΪȥ
УһҲܲȡκκڱΪ˫ؽڵԱһл𼶵ĴҲǼȮ˼
ܶӳԷѾҷָ򣬿Էˣ
ھ׳ӵߣһٿѵԼ˾뵽ԼССУк˼ˡ
˵ʵڵģԼ˾ʲôãξϽʱԼҲʿ䣬Թʱ˽˽ʱˬƷԸƷ
Ψһǣ̫׽ԼССˣĻ˵Ǻ˼룬ȻԼǷǳôһֱģһӶԡ
һжӣԴ̽Թ
ŷ䳲ӵܶӳһ£ⳡս졣

ðɣһѰɣҪôǵĹֱӴӥʵķǾҪǧɸ߿׹䣬ȻǡҪôǵĹܴ򲻵ӥʵķǽзȻȫٻȥ޺ķƲѹ뿪һɣ˵Ķôҫ
Ҷİ仰ҧź˵Űҫ񼸺𣬰ҫҲһӣһҴ˵ģ
Ҫ֪ҫΪ˷ܹͷ֮ʧ˺˰ҫйߡ
ΪҫûûεĿȾٶŻԼһͼʹӥƲ㣬׻𣬵ӥʲܸı䷽뽵䣬ֻǰɣϹ򣬱ԷķɿΧȫǽѡ
һϵеӦҪ鹦ڰҫǰ׳յΪȻпԭɺ޵Ҷֱҧ޲ҧ°ҫһ
ҾãӦһ£Ǵʼ˼ôܰ˫Ŵһ߿һ߿˵
Աߣ粻ͣǻĽԲ̣֮һɫȫתɫͬʱڽԲ̵ĵײðһСһȦĽṹ㣬Լ浯ɫܵһƬ״ɫķɨ䡣
ټܽԲ̣ôΧӥʣϵɫӥʽиʽ޲ǶӥʵĳЩؼλص˵Լӥӥצ֮ġ
Ǵӹƽ˵Ǿޱȣһգ۵ʱ䣬ЩԲɫʮϣٶƽǼ졣
ǣ⹥Ŀԣӥʵıϣһǳ۶ûУ㶥һȥϰٵ£Ҳʹһͷ˿İɫۼ
ߵʹСͲȣӥʵĴСһ߽Բ̵ǧ࣬нԲ̱Եһ𣬴Ҳӥʵ֮Сѡ
СĲ࣬ĹټܽԲ̾൱ǰֻ϶ѣȻɹۣĲ߱κεвֻҧһǳ˵Ρ
Ȼ϶ҧ˵ҲҪϵжˣֻϵĹжǿֻĹĻһ϶ҧ󣬳һҧ֮¾ҧƤ
˵سǳеǿսָӲ䳲ӵܶӳǰӳڳֵս֣˵ôһ仰׷ˮƽôжȫԴмҺݺݵĴ򣡡
Ȼ󣬾ŰټܽԲϵĹɫɫȫת˺ɫʱĺɫӥʱ渲ǡ
ҹҲɫǿһ࣬ڰٵѾӥʵıˣͬʱӥʿʼ
һܽԲ̣һգ۾ʮεŰټܼһһӾεǿ˵Ĺӥʵľƿȥ᧿Σ
ǶӥʵĲߣҲҶ˵ȫǲмһˣĹˮƽû
ǣҶ㿪ӥʵĹģʽзҲʲôƢˣǰҲֻǲԶԷĹȶѣˣôڶԳһˣҲҫԹҵйˡ
Ҷﻺ̨ǰһˣ漴ӥʱȫֱƬǿƷԼ˺ѵĴʮܽԲ̱䴩˺ѣΪƬ׷ɢ䡣
⻹û꣬ڷɳɿ֮ȫ۷ӥʵ⧲֮£ǽʮܽԲ̱УԲ̵Ƭٴ䡣
һֹ˽֮һĽԲӥʵ𹥻ģʽȺ֮£Ҳ㹻ǿ׼ĹǿһЦ
سǳصĿսָӲڣ䳲ӵܶӳһЦڵ׸߼ķ׶Ĺͦģ˼46


 ·磡ҫս
սô򣬴㣬һɿǿ̶ȡڶߵӦɿԱȡ
ʱյĿսԼﵽ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣݱԽԽҵƣһؿϹſƼıƴ˭˭ӣǾҪ˭ܳŵˡ
ʵӥ䳲ķɿսӣҲǽԲҲ͹ȥӶѣǣսϵľǻͬʱҲǲҽŵĺܡ
ϵŽԲ̱ӥʵƬӿɢӥʵҲѾ֩״Ѻ֮࣬ݺύӥ㣬Ѿൽȫĳ̶ȡ
˫͹˶Էʵ䳲ⷽ͹ӥʵķַ˵ĺڹһ㡣
ȻӥѾѺ۲ϣһڲͣӣɾ䲻䲻һƬûе䣬ͬı˵ҧ˴Ƥȴҧһ⡣
ҫҲͬ͹ȺϹſƼʵӷɿյ˵ޱȣתټͣ࣬ͺһ㼫Ϊ
ӹ˵ЩԲ̵ĹҲȥѣȻֱ䱬䴩ӥʵģĹѾԶӥʵķ΢˺⵹Ҷʼδġ
ΪҶڼĽԲڲƷֻ֪Ĺ죬ȴ֪ԶڽԲ̵һڣͨϣһϲͨ
սȻԼһΣ֣ôȥҲǳ£һüͷǣЩԲǴĴڡ
չֻоŰټܽԲ̣ʣµһټãʮһȦӥʵ·״ĹΧбٵĽԲ̻գǵȦڵĲкᴩֻʧ·Ͱһлա
ӥʵϷ״ͬĹΧʮܽԲΧɵһȦֻҪǵ·ȦڵĲкӴȦ·ɳ
һһΪѭ֮ƣԲ̸ʹĲԴԴϵƾǴ˳ʱôȥ󸺵һȻǰҫˡ
ңЩԲ̿ʼôǾһֽԲӥ֮󣬻û۷һ˲䣬ֱӽ򱬣ӥʵֶΣʼ٣ڴ򼸷ӣе𽫻ᾡһʣ
սڰҫ˶ԣѾʼ𽥵Ľ·磬ҶҲ̲סˣһսʽ
Ǿþ߱Զ̹İҫˣȥӥʱȥսǿԻٵλĴȦסԲ̵
ţ
ҶһӣеԺɫϥˣ˳һӣ˿еĻϥ˿ҶͷҲص̨ǰ˵ɳɱĴʯۺογɴǽӥʵĴʯ㣬ڵȥȥɣ
ҫƲƲ죬ȻҶĻôȥһ㣬ǰһеķҪԭΪԼϹͣҲûʲô˵ģԹԵĽȥ
ҫܰǰ˵СãĽֻʺж̾Ĵ򷨣ͲȥˣҿСе㲻ԾͽҸɣ
ܰһ麹üͷ˵ͷϥ򶾾ԪƺеŹ֣񶼻ûףҴӱƺе˵ĸо
ʱǵĴڣҫҲ˲ô࣬һЦ򿪶ŻֱӷһӥڲϥϴԻϥ̽˵˫סǿպÿȵվӥ㡣
ǰĳҫһƽΪ𺳵һĻɫֹӥʵ㣬֮ĽԲݺύΧӥʲͣȺħ裬ǵصҪҫɡ
䳲սָӲڣܶӳỴ̈˫ڳ֮ϣ˫ĿĶǰӳӥϷֵİҫˣߵĸ٣ЦɣĹ£Ȼҳ񾭲ɣ
ǰĹ£ҳϹ񾭲ܳԼܶӳһ̣һ˵
ͻȻƻ䵽ʲôüˡ
磬ϰĹˣӵһ׼ĹܹЩͷų⡣ǹ
˵ǰӳУڸɵ£ߴӳֳҫͬʱһָָ·ҫ˵ͷһСġ
üĿ飬һЦ漴һչ˳ӥʵĵײһƬĲӰת˲ʧ
ҫԶȥ΢΢һЦ漴ڵľתɽ㱩±һɱȵĴǣ˺˵Ļһ㣬ɷ͡
ҫ˫Ŀһʳָָβָһָıֱ̳ɫâ͸ָһ˦ʳָβָһһââʵʣ缲磬羪ף켣仯ˣ֮£ʮ߽Բ̱׹䡣
ʮɫаҫ壬ֻǽ΢ҡΣʹжûУҫĻ֮񣬹ƱӥʻҪ߳ﲻֹЩԽӥѣɶ˵ȫǲʹ첻˿Ӱ죬˵ˣͷ䲻ȫùݡ
ҫ΢΢һЦ֮£˫۽ָã˫ָڿۣҸָ̰˵âƿն˫ۻԲһתâޣ֮ƣһʸ񽣵İ˽뷢֮£ƿϯʮ߽Բ̱١
ЩԲڰҫľ֮£Ǳֽĺòȥ飬ͻ٣κÿƬ·ĴȦڣͷϵȦ³ֱ֣ǻ֮ԴԴϡ
ؿ³ȥ˵ʵڵΪһŮ֮ȴһȫжĵո˵
ڻϥ£̤ӥʵϣƽأֻ㱼ܶѣĵط
Ϊٶȣżһ㣬ڿն𣬽ܵĽԲ֮ϣһ̤μ٣ֱ뿪ӥʵ㣬ô̤ŽԲֱ·ĴȦȥ
־ٶвˣǿܱǽǧɵĸ߿գһɵ¥һ׹棬Իһ̲࣬ƴƴ֡
ֵйû֣ô̤Բ̣ǴȦȥܵĽԲ벻ȶУΪٶǼ죬ЩԲ̻ûӦʱѾԶԶȥˡ
ҽԲ̵½ǶиıĽԲˣ½һ룬ȻûнԲȥôĿԼͷӶȥ
Щ䳲ָӲУֿһܽԲ̵ľʿǺ޵ֱҧɾһ취ûУֻ֮һ㣬ֱ˾Ȧʮҵľ롣
ǰԼ̷Χ֮ڵĴȦЦ绨ţֱһʮöͭڻġ246


 գᣡֻս
һ̤ߵĽԲ̣˺һԾһ˫еͭȸһչ漴˫Ȼһӣ΢ʮöͭڳʷ֮ƣ籩ףֱΧɴȦʮܽԲ̡
ͭһ̣ټܽԲ̽γһž޴Ľƽ棬һ㽫·ĴȦڵҪȥͭڵȥ·
գһЦֻ˫۷תڰľ⾢߶֮£ܹһС΢硣
΢£ͭھôеĻ㼯һ㴦֮ڻྡྷĴ֮£ٴջһɢ似һƿ˽ƽ̨ŰԲλȣֱƽ̨µĴȦ
ڷ䳲սָӲУͬʱüͷһȭе뷨ǳһ£쵰ôܣ
Ƿ䳲ӵܶӳ΢΢һЦʵȻľѣǣЦе̫СԼķ䳲ӣԼԼԿֻս
䣡䣡䣡
һƬĺʮöͭڣֱӽȦ϶ӦʮܽԲ˸ԴССͭǺ˵ĽǿľӲĽԲ䴩䱬ǽԲɵĴȦֱӱΪʮɢ
³һ˪һת˻Ϊһ׹һţ̤ŽԲֱӳӥʵ
һʩչ·δ֪һ㣬ǳĶ㿪ܽԲĹͬʱڽԲ̷ҡֱϣʯ֮䣬׾ٵĻصӥʵ
˫̤ʵӥʵ֮˫ϥϵĴϥ£˫Žӥʵ㵼׹ա̧ͷһǰĻ棬üͷһء
ʱӥϷİҫҲͬ΢΢üõķͬҲǽڽԲ̣ڽӽȦ֮չĴ
ֻжʱֳ̬һһᣬߵͬļˣƮ޵УǸ£һ档
ҫԵñȽϱֱˣȫǲܲ˵ĺֱײ͸ӲǱĽԲ̶ܲľһȽֱ֮ӱղȱһ·Ƭ⣬ֱȦȥ
ҫǿӲ磬Ҳ˷䳲սָӲľʿʱ籩ĺɫк£԰ҫչϴ
ǣǵⷬΪƤİҫ˵Щɫ䣬򲻶ǧûжʲôʵԵˡҫĿ̬
ֻҫͷһȣ׹òɢµĴ𾢱ޱȣ֮ǰһ࣬һͷŭĹţһֱЧķʽײһֱͨմȦĵ·
ҫӽͷϵĴȦʵľ֮˫һ˦𣬾񽣰˽뷢ңâһ֣쵽һգ۶ϲϵĿٶȣֱӽȦİ˾߽Բ䱬ֿ˶Ρ
ҫҲͣһת䵽ӥ֮ϣ̧ͷһĻȫͬǾԭѾ𿪵ĴȦĳǰ
˲ѩɴȦĽԲ̣ضģΧһеĽԲ̶ԴﵽЧֿԲͣĴȦ
Ƿ䳲вӵֻսˣҲƾս䳲ƣȾӿսӵǰ֮УΪֹûбĿսƿԽȡ
֧սƣ֮Կѹ䳲ӣҲͬȡǵĶսҫ˼󣬶Ҫ̾Ϊֹս˺󻰣Ҳ
Թֻսԭʲôֻضֻ֣غ⣬ΪתΪܻع飬䳲ǰֻսӵ쾡¡
һִȦγһϢѭ֮ƣҲ˵ǱٵĽԲƬкڵ·ĴȦ֮ͨһʱпռ䴫ͣصȻ󣬱ͨ׻˵򣬶ĽԲ̽޸ٴδͻս
⵱Ҫȥʱ䣬һ붼ûУֱһ߽Բ̣ڷ䳲ӵľʿԣҲͷеӽһһѣٴսֳֻضֻ֣رһһһһνֻսˡ
ʱ䳲ӵܶӳĸ٣ǺЦĿǰӳУҫ޹Ƕ˶Լֻսţǳš
ڶʮǰ䳲ӿɾƾսǰЩ˵ŴܿİҴʱֻսҲֻȫʢʱ֮һѣϾֻжڳѡ
ֻսǿǼһӣҲʮжӣвӵȫȻޱȡ
ȻǲʲôԵ飬Ҳ˵ھԵ޵Уν޵ҲֻԶԡñϲ࣬ǰ޵УһжԵġ
ԣֻսȻǿֹ֮֮ͬҲԵģ޵УҪƽҲǷǳļ򵥣ͬҲѡ
Ǿֱһлٵ֮ϵĽԲ̣Ѵƴʤɣǧ򻯣޾ֱ֮һнУ㻹кΪ
ҪһͬҲǼѣԷ䳲ӵһжȽϣҪһдУҪôʲôΧľУҪôͨ쳹صĹ뾳磬Ͷΰ
ңͽҲҪʥ֮ŵʵף򣬹⿿ȭƣƻ̶ȣϲ˼ҵٶȡ
ƽֻսǼȼ򵥣鷳ķڴʱİҫƽⲻֻսô
ӦǿԵģΪ䳲ӵܶӳĸǶˣӳп˰ҫ¶΢Ц
ֻսȱôΪʲôǶ˵ЦݸһëȻıóѵĸоǿʲôôģֻսģȻʱսֻжӣսĲҲ׹ˣƽ˵ģǵĽǿ߲ǿƣЦʲô
ҳֻսȲӵսԼӵսҲ̵ֻĿƼ̶ȶѣսƲûǶ١
Ƕ˵ЦʲôЦôŴݡʱս˵ûĸƿֻսŶԣһûдﵽӦĽλʵû㹻ѹƣûгΧĹֶΡȫ߱ƽֻսѽЦʲôڹŪôûһǹŪ飬ǿװ򶨣һģ
䳲ӵܶӳٴ뵽ԼССУҲνֿʼ˼룬һЩеûģߵĸ٣Ҳִͬ˲ƣһ¡
ܶӳǺжŶأѵ
ܶӳع񣬿ӳİҫھӵ˼΢Ц󣬿ʼˣȴδ
ֻսȱôҿɣУãڱⲻУɣǣҿɣ
䳲ӵܶӳݣ˫棬˫ĿŹ⣬ޱȣһգգĿӳУҫһһ2246


ڰ Ϭֻأϵͳ
ҫһǹɴٴӿ˻Ϊһ𣬼̤Ծת˲ͷȦԱߡ
ҫɲֱӴȦ֪ᱻ͵ڴȦϷǿտҲִȦһͨʲôطͨ·ĴȦܺýԲ֮ٱͻҫʹûԣһܹģԴȦԲȡ
ңƣ
ҫ籩ŭգֻ˫۸߾٣˫ƽʹһյУѳȵĵâʮɣɽ֮ƣն£ֱӽȦնΡ
ڴȦҫһΪ֮ܽԲҪȥλ֮ʱʱһɫâϯܣܿĽԲ̷׷׻ơ
ҫ˫ݺύļһƬֱ۲ӰƲͣâϣƥʵܽԲ̻Ҳ
ҫ֮ͣ½䵽ӥ֮ϣȦȻѾܣµĽԲƬ֮ǰʮϢʱ䣬ҫԻϰټܽԲ̡
ӥϷǿ춯ʱЦ棬һ̤Բ̼ٳ˫۴Ȼڼİ绨š
ͨΧߵ䣬һĻʫ续ӳ룬Ӱɱһаľӳᣬ֮࣬ȴɱ
߳ɹͷһ֮ⰵľٶȣѸƥǽԲӶɵĽƽٴγͣҪ裬ֻǰƽԵô֮ĽԲ̱ݻ١ûбݻٵģҲǹɱըԶԶĵ
ʵӳͣҪƾһоͽƽ̨߽⣬һμ穵ģϾ簵ϻ
ƽ̨پ߽ԲɣĹɾﲻֲЧ˫ְʹھҲ
ܹ֮ƽ̨߽⣬ΪһĴԣԵ档
мصķдҪըмɢķನӣƽ̨벻߽ⶼܡ
һ֮£ȥĽԲӽһʮңһǱİֱ䱬ģһǾܲסǹɱը˺ѵģϾǱԵԽݻȻԽ
ƬֱȦ֮ڣɾʱȻ˫һתһз裬ǿҵķ羢ŽԲƬγƬ⸲ȥӲ˴Ȧ
һ˵ʵǼ죬ҲޱȣֱƿȦҲϢĹѣպðҫϷٵĽԲƬֱ£·ĴȦպñƣ޷ƬклգϷĴȦȻ޷
Ҳ˵ڰҫϬ£һʱϷٵĽԲƬ·ȥĴȦպôֻսֻ֮ƣôı˸Ͽˡ
Ȼ־ãܵĽԲ̻ǻȦҫҲҪϢһ־ǰټϵĽԲ̱ݻ̬ǲ֣ǧܽԲֻ٣ͦ˼ιҪꡣ
ϾǺɫûʲôƨãҪƿ˻ĻԲ̵Ĺʵ䲻
ڰҫͲ˵ˣǰһĽǾʶϾˣʱʵ˵ǧɸ߿׹䣬δˤ
ʱ䳲սָӲУܶӳһǧʿУӽʮ˵ͷʧ漴Ǵ߿̾һűǵĶӳһ񣬺ͷҲصİ˰֣Ⱥʿ뿪Ĵ
ʣ߰ʮˣɱĿ߿ϣ΢΢üͷȭͷٿŽԲҫչս
ԭˣ̫ô䳲ܶӳݣ̾˵ͬʱһ̣ʼ
ܶӳҲ˼ߵĸ٣ʵ
ʱҴֻս֮ҿʼ־ĸоǴҲϵĶֻսƣͺ󣬲ڶɿձ֯ȡǰ׵ĳɼʱ־˽Դ󡣡
ֻҶѣǶһ޵е뷨ս޵У޵Уֲ֪ν뷨ȻʼֶƲסƣǺܿЦأ޵ô
ݵĻûж߸ٵĶУȴǺ£˿ʼ΢΢Ĳʵûҫ֮ǰ䳲Ӷôġ
ֻսγɣ˶һֱģǰﶼĩˣѾܱΪţӦԴݣűȽȷС
ֱʮǰ˵Ĵ֣ǰٱԼһĹ˷ɿŵĽ֮£Ƿ䳲Ӹٿգƾֻսʿηս£ȻԼⷽĶлˣ䳲Լ룬ͬʱҲʼԽѱ⵱ҲݱЩǡ
ʵأ֮ȴûдȥƥ䣬Լͷϻɿձ֯Ǹʤ˵䳲ӸոճʱȡЦΪӣֻսƺ󣬱ȡЦΪôսЩǶˡ
ܻڶʱһЩһЩԼļģԿƽʱ䳲Ӽ˳һЩϼ⣬϶ñǿԼ۽ǵȥˣĹˡ
һսڸոսյ䳲һַǳɵ״̬Լмһ˵۹ȥԴ
ڽӴӥ֮ݸǿºڣ֮񣬼֮ڽսȫһСһĿ̬
ɽأҫ˵ƴ䳲оʿеףҲеۣе£Ȼ߳ŭˡ
Ӧⳡս۵Ŀʼ̼¼ļ浽Ҹ˵ĵУͨҸ˵ݿ봦ʮΪһڵķֶδͬʱÿһڿֵܳĲȷأаٷֱȽҷ䳲ܶӳȨޣмܴ˵һϵ֮ܿռ֮УһӺϳ
ףʵάӳʼͬ浵ļܳɹֶͬδ䳲ܶӳݿ봦ʼָͬⳡս۽֮󣬽ͬɣ䳲ܶӳݣⳡս۽
ֻսۣһȦ˵
ܶӳ˼ֻսд©ȱݣٿʵ
㿴Ǿ֪ˣָָӳôĴָָָ󣬸ٿ˿Ҳ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ
ǰӳаҫٴһ֣ټܽԲ̵Ļ𣬶ͬҲʿ뿪
ܳΪ䳲ӵĸ֮һȻҲʲôˡ֪ǸôͷˣôȥȥǱҫ˴ǽܾҪˡ
ҫȻǵĵˣ˵ҲǵĶˣԼ
ӦģʽʱӡҪⳡս
ףģʽʱ޶һٶʮ룬ʼ뵹ʱ
ӳϷһս֮УҫԼ۾ԼۻôϹĻлǶడ
ֳʣµнԲϵĺɫȫתɽɫͣһ룬ڽԲ̵߳һԳ׵Ľɫ9146


ھ 䣡ըѣ
ӥʽ⾩գ䳲չսѾȥӣ˫𣬶Ҹиʧ
ҫߣӥʵıֱ͸һһ㣬пѺۣȱûеѵĳ̶ȣĽѾγӥ׸Ǳһ룬ڳӥĿģڵӥʲƲģҶ֮࣬ŭɶ
䳲ߣԭȵһǧߺƺƵĽԲ̴ӣѾԱ룬ÿһʿһܽԲֻ̣սҫƽ֮ǻһܾһˡ
ΪʧȥֻսʿǵĽԲû취лܣݻ֮Ȼ޷սֻ볡⵼˷䳲ӣǰ˰ҫ˵ֶΣҪǴȥ䳲ӣڹδ氡
ǣоʿ䳲ӵܶӳݣѾ˵ݳ࣬ļԺУ̸ʿָˣƽҲˣͬھĳ涼ˣȻνͬھ԰ҫ˵Ҳѡ
԰ҫʱ˿̵Ļ̶ΰ˵жȫͬھƨ¶ûУӵнǧ־ʣǧ꼶ˡ
̶ȴʲôֻҪҫȫԽǧܽԲһŵ棬ľģ߾ߣɣŰҫʹֱ׹أδػȻⲻ˵ġ
ֻǴʱ˿̵İҫﲻһǰҫľ绹㣬ﵽ֮Ȼ֮ܣΪãô׾ٵĽܵĽԲš
ڶǾǣսϵĻ֮ǰѾȫˣҫ㶵ӥʵײҲͬˡ
ʤգǽԲ̱ԵĹӺɫٴαΪ˽ɫԲ̱㷺˵ɫĻһԳףӲӵĹ֮ȶʱŵâ֣ڳʣټܽԲ̽ˣİҫۻң漫ΪĿ
ҫ񣬴ֲ֮£һöɫݺɡ
ûǱɣԭ첻˿˺ĺɫתɽɫԺѾԽҫɵĳ̶ȡ
ҫٿյ֮ʣܵĽԲһ䣬ɫڰҫϣʹİҫ죬ʮܽԲ̶԰ҫչ׷ʣĽԲ̽ǹڶ׼ӥʣɫ
ɫȻҫֻʹˣǲͬնҲһ˫ͫ˵ĳ⣬ҫڵľת±ѵĴŭϯܣƼΪˡ
ҫһתһܽԲ֮ϣ˫ƽչ˫һתΪһ˫ƵְУâ͸ɣŭ˿һкܣһ˫ͣ׷ĽԲȫնɡ
ûԭһѴȦܵʱֻܽĽԲ̸ƣ˶ѣҲ֮ǰǰݿ࣬翳вһ㣬Բ̴ݻ١
ҫΧԲ̣ʩչṦӥϿգҫͷһһǰӥֻǧٿݣЩԲ©ס
ҴӥʵһīɫỤ̃·Ҫӥڲһ㣬Ǳ䴩ı涴͸ԵüΪ졣
ҫüͷһ壬ȫܹӥʵڲǳʲô䣬ܰҶﶼȫ֮ʹǳµľֻ򶾾Ԫˡ
ȷǳˣӥڲҶڵ棬Ǻһ˿Ѫɫ԰麹ͣðһīɫ̣˫ĿĶš
ܰհ̣ڴڵĴŴѪͣսԶסŨ֮ܰڲͣĳϵĶ̣Ҫɢ
ܰǰסԼҶǿıӰ˱ոҪҶΣ֮գǰԼȥ˽߳ɵĶԼѾ׶༪ˡ
̵ĽҶļ֮ϣ֮ҶڣǽڵĶѹסҶһⶾ͵Ĺˣ֮ǰĹеѹƲסĸо
ллҶ￪˵
Ҹлл㣬Ҫ㣬ԲⲻˡֵҪôܰһߴ߶̵ܰҶһޱ˵
Ҷﲻÿɷ΢΢һЦ˰֣˵취аҫɣӥʸһŲ˶ˣǽһɣ
ǰƯ֫չ򶾾ԪȫΪīɫĶ̣룬뵱򶾸ճʱľһģһ֮ǰ纣糱ıһɼ产˵֮Ҳǰҫ濴Ǹ
ˣҲĹ򶾾Ԫеİ֣һ㲻ʰ
ʱİҫڸڻΪһϵĽڽԲ֮ϣӥʵĵײȥӥʵײİʱҫ̧һ̤ȴ̤ˣֱ׹
Ⲣϡ棬ҫոѾ̤˺üΣҪո߳ٴν͸ǧµĵܽӴˡٴ̤գ׼
ҫ˫ֻԲתǳ̫ͼ̼۶ɣͼʱתŲƵǿֲ֮ʮܽԲԼǰ漴˫һѹİǰеĽԲ̸ѹ˽֮Žһ̤𵽽֮ãֱĳԶұܶŽɫ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫһٶҲֻһ֮ɣõ䵱ôУԼһ㡣
Ҫٳļ벼ıԵĴǣһٸҫȲһҪΣսʱķӦǻۣҫκˡ
ľ֮ǰİҫƣЩͻȻĽԲ̣侲ʼüͷ
ͻȻǰһһֻ׳ֱסҫȻı飬Լ׳ͬʱߣһ˽˫֣һԾ֮£صӥʵײ
ҫ磬Щվֹ֮üĿҫ
ţʵ˼ٶȣķƽʣ̥ˣûôȻӥڲ˵Сֳˡҫ鼫Ϊ˵΢΢һ㶣漴˵ͷͬҫֱӥʵڲڴ
˻صӥڲ֮ǰһĻǵüͷĸˣ˶һ۵˵ͷֿ߼ܶȥ
ҫķһߣһƽģľߵǣ¶ңīɫĶ̷ֽ⡣
ķܰҶˣȻĶ̣ڣڶͨһʱ֮䵹ʧĹ룬ѾܽĶȫѹȳ
ʱ䳲ӵսָӲڣӳϵĵʱʱѾȥһְӣʿͷϵɫͷѾȫ˽ɫֳĻ棬ҫ۵ĺܣӲӵһƬѤ
ʿȵ麹ͣüͷһӵ΢Цüͷչ̬仯ĺܿ죬Եúܹ죬ܶӳĸ٣һ΢ЦĿӳеĻ档
׼շɿϵУӥʣѡ9146


ʮ ǧɸ߿յ׹䣡ԣûµģ
ӥˣǧٿ׵ͺһһ㣬ԵòƲܵнԲһֻεĴһ㣬ӥʰƤǣһ֮ӥըѣƬк䡣
ʱص֮ǰ䣬ҫϵһ̡
һűԼ򶾾Ԫ˼ֲķɣҲ𶾻Ĺµİ֣˳
ʵĹµİֺܼ򵥣ӣֻ򶾾Ԫ֮󣬰мһԼرƵĶء
ɶڻû֮ǰҲͨһɼαȥӶԽںϵأͬʱŴӣ˸ű
Ĺ뻯֣ÿռ֮ɶطóþͿˣأûô߾ʵο⧲֮£ǷʤֻС
ʱĳģڰҫʢĶչѹȳɶھľ£ıҫһѸٹ
ҫסΣߣҶܰھ£ѽȫĶȳ޴󰭣˵ĿⶼǷ·һ㲻͵
Ѿͷʲô취ôüʵ֫ͣͣۿžҪűһĻʵļ١
̾Ϣһ˵ͷ˵ֻܶһˣܲܳɣҪˡСڵĶѾһޣܲôӴĶԭѾ˵Ķòӿ۶ڱЩų
ȻҲп̫࣬¶һԱСűǿĶὫжͬʱСҲǷǣˣԣɵļʷҫ磬㿴
˵һ뼸ʱҫ˷ɴֱܶȥ˫ƽıţڵľһһɣһһε뵽ڡ
۶ڱҲһһεųҫҲһ亹еľȣֻҪԼƺѭ򽥽ķӦܾȡ
ҲֻӦöѣʱ˿̵Ļ²Ӧ÷ӥʵڲѾһɫ䴩©ϵнɫڲڲ춥ͳ©״©׻ڲͣı
ȥⱻɸ״ӥʣ׹ǳ£ڲĹ֮ҲмǳŰҫȥģȫڰҫߵ˵¡
ʱѾ𽥵Ļָ״̬¶ϲɫⲿĻָҲǺһ
ֻǣе˵̫ˣָҲֻһ˲ѣڽҪָ֮ʱͻȻٴͿ͵ٶȱ֮ǰҪϲ٣һֽҪűĸо
ҫüͷһ壬ںȵȫ˿ԽԶԽá
ˣͬʱӥڲıԵ˽üͷֲļ¸С
ҫݺݵҧҧ뵽УһӷɳɴһѣСˡ
ҫһ֮У·һ֣˵ĹѵĿ˵ҫ硣ְɣСС㣬ҫУССĵġ
ҫҧۿѾʼеʪˣۿƤŵĳѺۣҫһݣڵľ塣
һԵ룬֮ǰֿһζε룬֪˶ٱ뷽ʽڵͣԶ׼ġ
ڤڤ֮⣬͵ͻȻһ٣˫۵ɵĺͭһ㣬һţȪһĶشĶ̼ӥڲ
ֲĶϲĴǿҵĶػһѸ͵˲СĳӥڲĲ̨ݻ١
Ҷһ˫ۣһܰߣ令סȳ˹Ǻ˱٣ӥʻԱġ
ûбըĲĿ죬ǲ̨һľ룬ڱըһ˲䣬ҶѾסȻҪҫģҲڱը˲ҫߡ
ǺڲĿռ֮дһɿ񱩵ѹͬʱںĶֱͺƹ𣬱ըǺޱȣӥֱӴڲըѡ
ҫһ§ڻУһץסĶѾųϣֻϢʵ鸡ĺܣ״̬ǻָ˹ҫҲĿ١
ӥʵıѣըҩըըΧǽ׵ա˵ĳϯʮգܵĽԲȫɣýһЩԲ̸ǱɱըûֱӺʣ
ӥ֮ڵİҫˣƾĹʵʵĻԼȫ¾ǣֱɱը֮ݺݵĺɳ֮⡣
վ棬ǧ֮ߣ֮У˰ҫǷ˰⣬ֱ׹صĻǱɣȫʬֱ֣ӱˤһ̲ࡣ
ˣɺ˵ıը˸ɢˣҶĻסܰһ׹䣬䵥Ϊʱҫֻץסֱֲۣıը֮£ֱҫ֣һ׹䡣
ҫǳɹĽڻУǣǰ˸׹䣬нѣԼ壬Լҫʹסֱ׹أĿֲҲֻ˶ѣļʺС
ʲҲУҶܰҲУԼ׹ؿܲûбˡ
Լ׹֮ƣ޷˿ֻĿԼԽԽԶԽ׹Խ졣
ֱ׹еտյûһ˿ĴڣһŹԲһ򶾾ԪѾʣʲôˣ֮ʱһӰɵı󣬽һԲ״ס
ͷһҶ֣ҶܰҲͬһɫľʳޣ֯͵Բ̸ס
ҫһĻŵǷɫľʳ޽֯ɵԲǲҶõó֣ȻԱ֤˵
֣֪ԱǵҸǱ߻ûУ㵹ǿѽܰһ󾪻ʧĳҶ죬ŭ
̫Զˣֻị̄ûеˣҶ̾Ϣһ˵
ܰüĿһɣȻҶĻУڱԲ̣ҫķȥֻоٶǰһڣҶĻС
ԽԽԶİҫҶ΢΢һЦ죬ٵʧԶҶҲǳŰҫʧķ˵ͷܿļҫĴ˼˵ģˣչ˺
ҫ£Խ׷Խ죬촽Ķߣ˵Ѿͷԣİɣûµġ
Ҳڰҫ׳˶֮ϣŰҫһЦ˵ͷ漴ڰҫšвΪǰ֮еĻţ˵ֻҪܸİһֺη빲Ҳһ¡
˽ʵ㣬һȻ죬ǧɸ߿֮ϣ׹ڵ档45


ʮһ սӣ뻹ѽ
䳲սָӲУоʿĽɫͷȫʧ٣ʿ˫ȴδ˶һѣģ̱֫¸ǾӸ߲£񼲲һ㶯á
ʮ˸Ѫɸ跢һ㣬ͣ
ڴʱָӲڵߣŴ򿪣һܼܽ˻жʿȣл˵϶ƬҩƬһˮ˾ʿߡ
Щ˵ƵҲȲǽĴ֣ɷθ˫˫죬沿û٣ֻһŵɫϿԿĳЩ˵ãӦڸ͵Ĺܣ߱ս
ʿǽҩƬУһˮ󣬿ʼĿЩȥȽصʮˣʺϱЩĴˣһɫҺ壬֮߿αһ㵭ĹĻ帲ǣЩʿҲٶʼ
нĴ뿪֮󣬾ʿ½Щ˴ľʿ˶·һ㣬ˬܶӳݵı󣬾һ񣬱뿪ˡ
оʿ뿪֮е߿Ҳȫʧ˷䳲ӵܶӳĸɶϵӳ֮⣬ԲκεտҲƽ
Ӧһʧٴεһ̣˵
ĵ̣Ҳϰߣÿսֻǣÿ֮ս۽֮ʱ
ʧʮܣʮʿܵжȾˣʮʿܵȾˣȫϣ䳲ܶӳȷϣ֮ǰǵӺϳٴ
ݵ˵ͷһе̣ͷƹУߵ٣̾Ϣһҡҡͷ
ԼλBOSSʮ꣬һһжȻءݵ̾ٶĵʧ벻ʡ
ⳡս˵ʵڵģҲֻһСս۶ѣڷ䳲йڿվǰ׵ĳǿ˵ӦСһ׾ٵľܵõʤǰ׵ͷûһ˿ˮڵģȫǿʵġ
ɴʱ˿̵ⳡսۣΪ䳲ܶӳĴڣ޴棬ҫչֳʵǺݺݵĴһĶ⡣
ʧİϣʿľԼԤԭԼΪȫҪõĽϵͳҲһְӡ
еܺϣݸеԲԼû֮ģʼնԴĻⳡսҲ㽺ţʧҲСϺܶࡣ
ʵݵָûгÿһǾ׼ޱȣӥԼϵͳİţ޷ȥָӰţʱյķֺʹ֮ģ͹˰ҫ˵ʵ
˵ҫʥʵҲе׽λʵȻǿҲûʲôĵĸоԼС
ɺҫչֳʵòȥˣΪҫˣʵȻ˱λ룬벻ģҲ֪Χ֮⡣
Ϊݴĵһս۵ҫ˻û֮ǰûгֹĳ棬ҲǱʵӦĽλȼ
ⳡս۵ĹݵľҫΪ׽λĵȼȴĽ׽λʵ
һȻ𾴣ʵǣԼĵˣҲֵǷӦе𾴣Ҳִǿߣƴߡ
Ӧ䳲սӣڶڰжӣȥ׹صѲ飬ȷĿĿ㽫Ѻأȫֱ߷ңĿ͵ػУִָУݽͷϨ˵
ףָȷϣָСָͳɹ䳲ӵڶжӣսӶӳɹָжӣЫսӶӳɹָڰжӣսӶӳɹָ䳲ӵڶжӡжӡڰжӽӼϣʮӺ󵽴Ŀص㣬ָݡ
ŵӺϳʧ˫ֳ棬Ŀ˼һᣬ֮˫Ŀ̾ϢһҡҡͷתǴſȥ
СսӣָӣеˣȥϢһᡣͷҲص˵ֱֱſڴ
ߵĸٵ˵ͷһ漴һȻ˵ܶӳúϢһʱĳɰ벻ҪϣΪ䳲ܶӳһ겻񡣡
ݻͷ΢΢һЦҡҡֱۣߵĳڴ򿪷ţȥ
кʵⳡս˽ϵͳⲻ䳲ӵıʵΪʵֻսҫһַˡ

Χܹ㣬֮ŨĴһӰ߳
ӰԳݣ߽ף׳˶ɫսؿڴһɫ״ͼơ
սȫǵĿ״׺ܱƤϿǷûжŵƣɻȻ״
ڼ⡢ֱϥǲ桢ߣظǶһȦСɵԲ̱ƬЩƬɢŵɫâظööԲ̱Ƭһɫӫӣֱͷͷ
ͷϵĺɫͷʮ㣬ͷͷڵһɫ۲ֱǼ⣬ͷȫʮͷڵ
ߴȴһǹңұߴһһ߶̹öһֱĽԲ̣˿ȥĿըĵزҫеʮҪŹâˡ
˱Ƿ䳲ӵսӣڶжӣսӶӳ׵ֳƺеļ硣
ӳսӣϣȫָʾͷд
ͷĲɫһɫ켣֮ϻһζչ֣絭˵ĿλãΪĵʮȽʮﴦʮڵѰĿλð뾶һﷶΧȷĿǷʼж
̧һӣŨУһɫӫ漴һƬ춯һӰɱ򼫷ָķλ
Ⱥϵս뼫ͬϵװҲһһǹһһ߶ֻ̹սɫΪɫͬؿڴҲһɫ״ͼƣǷսӵĶԱǡ
ɫս֮ܳٴΰ΢΢ôôֿʹһսˣԸǲҪʧźá
һ䣬絥̤أϵԲ̱Ƭ˸⣬һ죬汻һ̤̤֮һĽӡڵһ㣬ȷõķֱ
սʮģһֱнףȴﵽ׵ľӣӵıԵиأӵĴһʵɳʯǣⳡͺһʯײ˵һ㣬Ӿ
ʱӵģһֻǿ׳ֱ۳ɳʯ㣬漴ݺȭһԵĵͳɤ
һѽүҼȥүҵأ210


ʮ ˤ
ҫ磬鷳ɲżҲѽһûûεӣ̫أϵĹĵĽ
ǰǧɸ߿նˤҲѾͷ㲻ҫرôҫɵǺǵЦ
ʱİҫؤ磬ϵƲһϡãֱһ˽߳ɵ¶ǻƽһľ׳⣬Ƥһһ۲ϣмƤֱѿ
ҲֻƤˣȻʹȴ磬อֻܵһ̶ȵ𵴶ѣ˵ֻжˣ˻һ롣
ûǧɸ߿ֱ׹أ;ûκ仺壬ҫ˳̶ֻж˶ѣֻҪǴȥƻɵŷЩˡ
˵ﵽһĳ̶ȣͿԲһʱ䣬ҲνһʮᣬǧҶֱ֮ǴΰǼ
ҫĽа˳ɣͨʱǱܽǿǱʵǷǿĲֻǼѣڶĽǿ
Ǳܣҫļ⡢硢Ĥڸ۶ڱĲλõһǿ֮ھ絤ҩԭлϵٴǿʱ˿̵İҫһĽѾﵽ˾㵵ĳ̶ȡ
ǧɸ߿׹䲻ֻ˼Ƥͺ˵⣬ǧ־ɲֻǹʱѡ
νľûӦȥнӣƴһȭһţȲ˵Լļͻᱻ־ķ𣬶˺ѡ
ǧ־ʵϾǰҫǼʱศɵģӱĹ˵Ѿﵽ˹˵У˼壬
ʵ˵ҫȫһ˵ãϾͬʱޣڽյëһĴڣ񽭺УųɾŶΪҫѾһֽΪһĵ·
ȻνͷڰҫֵǾǶûﵽڻͨĵزҲƲѵĵطܹ棬ȴܹá
Ҳ˵ҫʩչʱǿֲĽᱻѹƵܵͺܵ͡ǧµʣ൱ߵңߵķ룬Ҳ˿ԽܵķΧ
ڰҫʩչԼʱȵľѰǰ㣬ľ񣬱ʽտһĿֲȫӲ
˵ҫĽʱҲѵͺŢһ㣬ͺһʵգֻ˸Сڹʹ
ҪȽϵĻǾ£ʱĸоǺΰתɶĽĵתͳ˲еˮ޵ĺܣǰҲ޷Ƚϡ
Ҳҫǿ󣬴˵ҫľÿһ˿һǾĴѹֱڵﱥΪ֮൱Ŀɹۣ־
˵ҫֻʥʥ֮ϻ磬ǱܻǿΣǴԭеʻϽǿ
ʾܹﵽǧɸ߿׹ض治֪پǿﵽһʲôĿ̶ֲȣµʱƾԺн޼ɡ
ԹҫԼõǱؤҲòȥʱһΣæСóһﻻϡ
˵СӻǱĺܣ벻ñ˶İߣ˽ʱҪСİᱻ˺ϾܷһЩҪƷСıˣҲһСʧ
С֮ӭжˣĴ﹦ܣԼװһСɵ߽ر
ҫ΢Цͷ֮˿ܣڵѾͷֵܷ巽𣿡
Ťͷ˿һƬƣǿޱȵľ޿ӣܼҲֻ׶ѣԼԼŻľӰ֡
ֳ˵ûбʲôߣҪ򣬸ܣϼӵʱ䣬ƾҲԭ·ˣֱ涫ˣûԡ
̾Ϣһҡҡͷڵھ򣬾˵ļһŲҲɢȥ
ҷΧе㲻˼飬򳬹֮ķΧ޶޺ݽȥʮа˾ŶҲ·ʧ棬Ҳǽйϵļ֮ء
Ļҫ˵ͷʼ磬һνı飬˵ˣçĹ߹ˣޱҲˣ⾩ѵô֮·ߣйؾʹֻҪСҶǻϣƲôˣ
˵ͷҡҡͷ̾ϢпҶ֣ǼӦܱסǲɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ȻҶõóȻʲôƷӦûµģ˵žһأ
ٴεͷٶ룬Űҫȥ
ʱҫֱ⣬һȺɫװ׵ķսӣʿŰҫ˷ɱ
Ⱥһֽý֮֮Уƽһ㣬ٶȸǼ죬ò˼ӱҫ
̽⵽λ壬ǽӽٶȲ죬˵ĲٶǰӺͷдµĻĵ˵ͷ
ע⣬ֹͣǰԭزĿ껹ţ壬һ¡һ£˶ֹסΣЩܹͷģҲȫ˻أ֮ȫʿȫڡĵŰҫ˵ĵ׽ܻ
ʱһһĹȥͷϵĲɫ棬ҲʾԽԽɫɫ֯һӳཻӳǰҫˡ
˵Ц·ｼһ㣬ȫûվķΣУðҫĻ˵ôһ仰ˮڣ˵ֱ֮ˣûҪ˼ôࡣ
ΪԸӰ죬ԭʱʱ̿̽䱸ѵҲĿ٣ڶ̸Ц֮ʣҫͻȻͣǱͫӽ֮󣬾ûȥʱгֵǣ֮ȼŲ԰ɫӰ
Ѿͷλϣһɰ루4.8~5ףϣˣҫ˫Ŀ΢У𣬳ɫͫɢ˵Ĺâ
΢Цͷһ˦öƷʯֱҫ˵ķλ
ۣۣۣ
İȻö˵ޱȣ;ףӲײ춯ھҫߴ׵ϣɫ׵Ӱֱ׹档
ɾ֮գۼ˾Ȼ˵ļ򴦣İ֮⣬ûиɶ˺ǰһĻ΢΢ü
ʱһȫֺɫ׵ĸߴӰҫǰ߳ͬʱһƬ춯ӰҫϷԼܴ
μ棬ҽһ£ҽм磬Ƿ䳲ӵڶжӣսӶӳϼ´ҽλعڣǲҪ򣬻Կͷģ.


ʮ ˣ䣡ǿƼ
ҫüͷ΢壬Ȼ˶һǣŵĻп̣˵ķսӣ˵һףҫòԴ
Ѿͷȥˮѹ󣡡ҫ΢΢ͷ˭֪ǼȻֱӿڵҪѹ󣬽ĶȥˣԹԵ־ܰɣ
˻һҫһ𣬶˵ĿüΪͬʱŤͷ򼫷磬⴫ܰ˵粻뻯ܽػ⴫ݣ뻯Ŀռ֮ڵ˵Ӧõġ
⼫ȻһŵףԵĪ⣬ɺῴҲ뻯ʵôȡܵģҫһת˼ͷ
˫ֻȻٲȻһгģͺֳľƶƿ֮Уҫ˾еĸ򣬿ڲƵġ
ҫ΢΢ͷҲȻһЦ漴ҫ΢Ц̤뼫ҵλãͣΣЦһ⣬ϣ¿Իشң
ߣҲˣʲôʲôҪʾ͸Ͻģ˷ҵʱ䣬˾͹ԹԵĸߣҪ뷴ûǸʵ˵֮ж԰ҫΪƺѰҫ
ҫһĨЦָָգЦ˵Ƿ䳲ӵսӣǸոϮǵҲǷ䳲ӵ˿
ôĻص
Ͼͺãҫ΢΢һЦһ䣬ͻȻһʧ١
ǰһʧȥ˰ҫӰҲţǲɫϣҫƶʱÿһ֫嶯ȫһ֡һ֡ĳڲɫڲԺĲ׽ҫƶ켣
һϵöԲαƬһɫĹâ˷ٺˣϵһ߽ζ̹Уǰһ̣̹˲쳤׶೤ĳͷ裬ֶİҫһƶס
˵ӥʣҲᣬСүǰţϼ³ɺһ㣬ҲĹȡҫһЦɭȻȵ
ҲͬһȣȺˣôӣΪԼ䣬Ϊǲڣ̽㲻֪νĸôдԭش׼֣
ߣƾ㣡ҪҷڣҲҪǸʵСҫ˫Ŀ΢ףмĻص
⻰֮ʣҫڵľ˲תƾ£һɳȵĴӿ˳еĹͷֱ弫ȥ
棡ϵͳ⣬ٱܻԶ̬ϮͷžȳϨ𡣡
һӺϳڼԺУ漴һתеĳʱһ״ĳ棬һԲףһŵıѸ
ЩתĹһײ㣬ҫĴȫϨ֮󶴿ڱڸǣҲͬʱʧֻתĳȴͷδݺݵǰҪҫ
ҫ˫ĿһɣԴ־֮ɫǰ֮仯֮࣬ǳ⡣
սİҫȻΪǰСС仯սҫסͷջأͬʱһתӰΪͻȻʧȥ˿Ʋסǰȥ
ҫתͣ˺תݣȦĲұۻƽٹأƵ˳ƺǱ͵浶ǳ𾢲Ƶĵâһȵĵ磬ն򼫷ľ
ҫӹܵʱһ룬νһǳɣûаֵˮѱõĵزֻĸݡ
ٳӦս˵ѾʦĵزֻΪսӵһ֮ȻҲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
Ҳһ׺ҵĵֱԼûһ˿һĻңԵú򶨡ֻһԭסǰ֮һĹ˲أһճģٴһתеĳٴγֱ仯
ĹԵҶ򿪣߽£ת˲ȻɳתһɫԲξ޶ܣպõסҫһֵ
ǰҫи̾һԹսΪ֮һ㶣˶û뵽ⳤı仯Ȼ֮࣬ÿһα仯ΣʵãǶͬʱеһ˿Ĳ졣
˵ʱҫնںɫԲϵ鸡ĸоüѣϵɫԲϵһֵ㣬ӲжһϵľܵĵȶҲĳɶѡ
ڷսܹսĶʿҪкʱ˭ûע⵽Զͬս¶һĪЦݣҫҲͬһЦ
һ˲䣬ԭҪƺĽкȫֹͣסв类ҫնһ֮ƣݺݵնɳʮ׿⣬ֱײֱﵽ״ס˵Ρ
Ÿով֮ʱɫâڲϵ֮£·۾һ㣬ԼĽǶȣֱͬķλ·⾡
ҫ˫۽棬˫ʳָָβָıֱٳ彣̽󽣣뷢ƥâһ֣ٶ֮켫ΪˣգۼԺʮ׵ľ룬˼ǰɽһĻȴҫ鲻Խıһֱ֮
ûˣҫ̲סıһֿڣʽΣⲻɵķʽȥУʵĺܡ
е̹Ǳ˲ٵĻǴһ߳Ķ̹쳤׿ĳ֮󳤹ֿ亮壬ִӳ仯Բܡ
֮ǰһ룬ֻ˫һ£ɫ޶ܵڲĴɾôһƣͽɫ޶ܵ״ı䣬޶ܵıԵȻʼ죬ֳһǰΧƣȥ
Ҳ˵Ƕ̹ѾһСӴĺɫԲ򣬶âڽӴıʱȻȫһߣûһܸŻԲڵԲһ˿˺
ҫķӦҲпԭ⼫ж̹ı仯֮࣬仯Ч֮أе㳬˰ҫ֪ΧѾ˰ҫ޷ĳ̶ȡ
ʱǺɫԲ˲䷭±еĶ̹ҫеҲͬʱѹ£ޱȣԿʼԼһּɵ֮ģȻͷ飬ԽԽŨɱҲı顣
ˣĹѧǱеĻҪǿһ㡣ǣҲҪ˵̫磬ǹ˵ĹѧȻǿҲҪС˿Ƽ˼ʶһ£Ƽжǿ
һﻰ䣬ȫ½ڿ׹ؽϵԲ̱Ƭȫ˸һĿ⣬Բ̱ƬɫҲͬɢ⵭ɫӫ⣬ĿԱ
ۺɣĿﵽ׶壬λȼﵽмʽ̶68%ڳ˼ʡۺΣָ
ۺΣָɣĿΪΣָΪϵȣսװսԶ̶ԵĿͬס
ZXC-II򿪷ǿͬʱע䣬򿪷ʱ35%ʱΪʮӣָȫɣ뼫ӳȷָ
ָȷϣˣ֪ǳǵĶΪϹƺұ˺ܷСⲻʲôֻǵһֿԿƵصǿƼ


ʮ δ֪Ͷ
ǿǽǷٶȣ޿ޣÿһÿһƶû覴õĵزսʶٳӦҲǼǿҲֻʤ϶ѣȣƱѹƵ˷ҡһףԼеߣ湻Ӳģҫһ߼УһţʼĪĸоⲻǼȫʵԸǿ
ʱ˿̵ļ磬ҫҲԶǿ׽λĵȼȻĽ׽λʵλôܾûˣڵܱͬȽλĴҪ߳һ࣬ˣǳǿ
ֻʲôôѾ͸г˼ʣӳֻй˼ĳ̶ѽô£
ȥԶжԱ˴ʵϿɣжԱ˴˱еʵеɣȻ룬ҲֻһѣսɻҪ
˵սѾңȥʱǺܳӶѣʵϣ˵һһѾӽǧ֮ࡣ
ҫȻȾϷ磬ͣĽɣȻ׷ϣȻٺɣȥȫѹż򣬿ʵϰҫвûʲôʤߵĸоֵ֣ĸооԼ翴͸ˣʼգûг׵˵Է
ҫһƺٴνɣֻιɱȥҫ˫Ŀһ裬ż㣬֮ϣ˻ΪһߣԾͷ
ҫ˫̧һ˫ƵԾӸ֮ƺݺְ˵㼫·ѸͣޱȣԼ֮ż統ͷ¡

ͷϵһǿҵ˴һŤһתж̹һԲκɫ޶ٴγͣǧһ֮ʣպõסҫâ
âֱϣûжԾ޶ܲһ˿һ˺ǲĵ㣬âľȥΣʣâ׹أٳ׵νۡ
ŵâأҫҲͬʱڼչľ޶ǰ̧žһֱţעҫһǧ֮Уֱӽŷɽ֮УһƬľ֮ڱ鵤Ӿ֮£һŽŷа֮Զ
ûˣһﵽôģҫһ˿Ĳ졣
һŵŷɼ֮󣬰ҫھתȫֲûжļ˵״̬õĲٺãȫ۷״̬֮ǰǧɸ߿׹µƣ˹ָȫԴ뼫罻Ժһĵĸо
ʵҲʲôʹУһŵĸоӽֵڣҫһζûлй壬һζûС
ÿΰҫʱԷܻȰҫһʱ䣬еĶ̹ȥ⣬·δ֪һ㣬ǺϵڰҫǰͷзҫĹԼɵ˺˵ǼΪޣ˲Է
ҫʼԼǲʲôӰ˼άйٵĶأԼжʼջģ˹֮£һãðҫǲ⡣
ҫ磡ôˣƯڰҫߣŰҫüͷѯʵ
֮УٴγһƬϡϡ춯ڰҫУ֮ĻҰɫΣһͬϵһְΧ֮ƣΧסӦǼ¡
ҫҲǣ˼һ󣬿˵ѾͷҵķӦô£ÿιԤ֪һ㣬ҰֵչҸμ棬ôѾ֪֪ƵãҵһʽǰƺΣÿһÿһʽԼеʱܱ͸Ҳûжѽ֣ѵδ֪ɣ
ҫĻո£Ҳͬ˼֮ʱǰӰ³ǰֻļϵľм˵ˣѾռˣôٸ˷ʱˣ׽жʼ
żĻ£Լ̧һ䣬ʮӰܵЩ׳ɫǵɫĵطͬȫ±ᱡĽ׸ǣװ˲ϣͷǷͷԲνƬ
ʮ붯ԺΧ֮ƣڰҫͷָ̧ڰҫıϻʲô
ʮ֮ʱͬóһɫ̹һγɳͷֳһ͸εɫֱҫȥҫҲ˫Ŀһ˫һ˳
ڰҫոһ̣Լصһ̣ÿ¶ڿеǣǲԾһıóѵĸо
ҫ𲻹ף˫ƽǰ𣬻ƴɾڴʱ֮ܵУҫƽĸ߶ȣɫ޴˷ٳҫʶҪص档
ɾڰҫոͷܵһž֮ʮö裬Ա֮ƣƿնٶ֮쳬ĴۿžҪаҫ
ҫҲ˲ôٰ࣬㷴Ӧλû׹һ˲䣬˫ۻԲŲƵǣ֮ǰĽС
ֻǹ˴ʧˣ˽裬ȴ˲üٳɫޣֻɹ޽Լƣ˫ס˱ڰա
ڵϵʮгٴأ漴ֱͬʱ˦̹˦һɫıӰǰ˵޵Ĳ£ֶʮϵĽҫŲסйһγһȦʵɫҫڰա
˵һУҫɹס֮ж̹Ĳ֮У̹û棬ͬʱȱߵǹ׼ڰеĵİҫ
ҫãֹڴˣǸüͷı飬ƺʲô벻ּͨΪǵ鷢ϣĵתˡ
Щ޷ҵҵתˣҫüͷ˵
˵ͷ죬ҫ֮˵ͷ˼ǣ£
绺ǰͷ­΢ͣһָ߸ϵ̬˵ҲҪô
ίһЦҡҡͷЦһ˵ߣʶ࣬ȻŮˣǹˣԹˣҿɲһ˵
ع̧ͷҫʱ溮˪ĶݺݵĶԼţɭȻޱȣŭ⣬߷ɱ粻ԾĶһ顣
һڣڵɣô
飡
еİҫһϵĺʵֱӱ飬Ϊһأʧ١
ҫ֮˫һһȻ죬һֱ׵ӣڰҫֲ徢֮£涼ܲסıݺȥ
ҫαĴٶȻҪ죬գ۶ͳڼǰʽһȭʵʵĺڼͷϣ˺ɽ֮УαϴεһŷɵĸԶֱӳӵǧӾıͫӷΧ
ҫ֮ڳ˲Ÿոջع񣬰ҫ̫ˣ쵽ֻĿŰҫһУ쵽˵ķӦѾĶ
˵Ů˵㣬ξ͵ССͽ䣬´ΣҲĹǣȥУͶߣ


ʮ 飡Ͼͺã
ӥըѣҶܰٿ׹֮ʣҶͷųľʳֱ̲̣֮ҶܰԼͬʱס
ڰҫԼߵķʵڹңԶҶԻ׹֮Ҳʵ̫Զͷų͵˰ҫǰҲá
ֻĿŰҫԽȥԽԶԽ׹Խ죬ܰǿƲסȻҪ޾ɵԲ̣ƵҶֻܽ衣
ڶҫĴ֮ҶҲĿѣڴ䵽ֻҵľʱҶƽĳԲ̣һ£ⳤ޾ɵԲ̳һı仯
Բ̵ıԵ˲侲ֹգסĴȦ·Եӫ⣬һȦһȦ¼չ©εɣŶȦȦ£׹ʱٶȼֱֻͣжʮ׵İʱź󾢲ãѡ
ĸ߶ȶҶĸ˵Ѳ߱вҶ§סԵܰתżԲƬϽ֮£ǰȵڵ֮ϡ
֮Ҷｫܰ£̾Ϣ֮ǰܰľٶôῴܰ԰ҫǷ㺣鼱֮¼飬ҶﲻɵӣȻܹס
ֻǣԼܰеأǸ÷㺣ԷԼȻΪ޵ķʸǼȥĬĬ˵պܰת⣬ͶĻ
Ժһӿǧ˼ŵ֮ӣһĸоԭĸо
ҶǧС԰ڣĵһʱǷݱΪգԽҶﶯˣҲˡ飬ֻᱻĵףΪԷ鲢ûߣǹڰҫϡ
ҶԽԽ꣬ԼʧȥӦе侲Ǹæ˼ԼķƽһһԺԺ˵֮ػˣǷҲϲǻҲǳ
֮ޣǳɻǰܣǾֻܿʹȻˣԼٶ࣬ٶ࣬ⲻԼһҲͽ޹Ͼ֮ͨܣҲδ֮£Ժǲ²͸׼Ҳ塣
Ҷͣº˼֮ⲻ֪Ѿһʱ䣬Ҳⲻ֪ԼܰѾϰɫᱡ׵ȺذΧ
ҶﵱϣɨҵСӣʮǽ½ߣ°˾߿ػܰߣԼʣľ߿ܣɱϡ
֮ܰ󣬸պÿҶﱻһȺɫᱡףֳֺɫȺΧԼľ̬죬ߴ͵Ŀܱʮ˽
ȺּΪýʥ۷ʵ֮ĬǷ֮ϵǡôеĽȻԳʮֲͬı仯ޡܡ򴸡򵶱仯֮ʱˮǲ׵ıʵԼΪĹϣȻҶ֧׾òǱ
ҶԼĸʮǽʮ߿еľЫʨţԼϹأҲûȡ̫ƣ·磬ɽڽڰ֮ơ
ΪʲôֻľߣʮǽͬʱƲܷӳǿɱʣİ˾ģȻػܰߣҶȻǱ
֮󣬱ŭܰսţûʱܰǱŭԸӣΪҫˣǧɸ߿ֱ׹أ˸ͲܴȫʬǱȻġ
ʹҫľߣߣʸߣ˼άУҫӦˣǱϾǧɸ߿հҪййĿ꣬׵ȻȺ֪ðĹȺ
˵ʵڵģܰʵڽжܸ֮յҵĵزʥڵľ磬Ҷﶼ磬ҫ֮ڣȡ
ǣܰıʵޣа̣ȴܸ޵ĸʱܰıŭɱ⣬˽ڵ顣
飬治֪ǰǺ࣬ܰĵʥҲ͸ոպܹѹķɣҪΪãҪһβСľ롣
ɴʱڼ˵ʹ£Ȼ䱾ȻȻķ֮ʵת˲һλҲ˵ʱڣܰʵﵽڡ
ǺܰеỊ̇ȺֲίuǼ˵ɱ¾֮
Сû飬ҫӦû£İɣҶ￪˵
ˣҽΪ֮Уܰ۴ɱ⣬˵
ǶߵĵϣɢɢĲľмƬԼһƬɫѪȾ֮أŨѪ֮ŷŻ֫ʬ˵ɵڶǰ
žžž
һҶܰͣ¶Ի˫Ŀֱ֮Ǳ֮УһɫףؿźɫЫ״ͼƵӰһ߹ƣһ֮߳Уڶǰ
Ҷüͷһ壬һ񴫵ݣʮǽȫ󣬶ܰҲ˽еỊ̇׼ʱ֡
ǻǿȻɱôˡɣʹǵֽţٴȥҲûŶˣҽˣȻҪǴɲзϣòҪģǷ䳲ӵսӵжӣЫսӶӳ꣡
ɫ׵֮˿˵Ȼȫ¾װΨһ¶ڿǿԿԳƱˣųǿƾ㹻Ҷܰࡣ
Ҳ֪ʹȻǻԵɺϣܰʳҫһģһĻ˵Ƿ䳲ӵսӣǸոϮǵҲǷ䳲ӵô
ɱŵ΢Цͷͷһӣһ׹һӨ͸覵ˮڱͷϵĲɫƬ𽥵ķ
Ͼͺã
ͬһʱ䣬ͬĵص㣬֮ͬеһ˫׺ݵ˫ۣѪ˿ϵ߸͹𣬼ҪƤкޣŭб˺ޡŭ˱Ҫ鹦ҲܰһΪҫѾȥ
ҶĳԲɹ½֮󣬱㷢˷ǰ񱼣ȥҰҫʬҲãԼ֮У˷ҲãֻǰܣһеǰܣܵҫΪֹ
ܳһҵķΧ⵽һȺɫ׵ȺأΧеǿݺݵ˳鶾򶾾Ԫľȫ屩Ƭ֮УԭɫѾת˱֮ɫ
ıߣҲûмֶãɱʮ֮Լ̤еĵһУһĿǰɫףؿŽɫȳͼƵˣȻ˫Ͻ׽ͷŵĶȫգǽֱһȭɡ
ס֮ɫ׵˱쳣䵭Ŀ˵䳲ӵսӵڰжӣսӶӳף־ܣɱ
һﻰ䣬˫ĿΪĿһ֮˫Ŀһ仰˵Ƿ䳲ӵսӣǸոϮǵҲǷ䳲ӵô
׵˵ͷȴ΢΢һЦ漴£һɿ糱춾͵ĳܾȥɫĶصܡǻľһ֮£ȫή㣬һЩ΢ϸСһľɾȻʼ֮ɫĵ㣬֮ʵ̾Ϊֹ
Ͼͺã
˫Ŀ΢УŵɫɭȻ˵.


ʮ ûǸթ
ģسǳ֮ڣԡڵ·֮У峿֮ʱϴʼ׼Լһ콫ҪӦԵ£ϰϰ࣬ѧѧ˶ܹĵæµţ֪Լǰ·ʲôظ
ڳǳصĴһߴٲľҵ¥Ϊǵı־Խ¥֮ϣһ߸ʮ׵Ĵɫҫ貵Ĺԡ
ֶͦأÿһÿһ̵ļΪϸ·һڸƬǳأƺ˵ڱܱһ֮ƽ
ڴ·ٲõһ㣬ǧƽڣɫɫŮʼݱæµ
еıһϱƬȵķַţеĸͬչҵۣеһеĺſȣһ߿еϱƬгֵ֡
һȦĻǽڣʮ˱˳ɫΣͷϵͷҲͬɴɫɡ
ΧһȦÿ˶˫Ŀ˵ŲͬĻеļ꣬е侲ееĳȣ֮и̬Χȫм䣬һŴ覵Ĺٿڹ·һȦɫɢŵɫĹâ
ʱŴ򿪣һ毺õľɫŮݣæµȺ֮С
˼ʵĹˣûа취ҲֻãзYT002ᣬʽ޶ȵҲֻѹƵ˼˼֮ĳ̶ȡŮŶߵĴɫ͸Բ̣˵
ӳע˵ӦǿѧԺǶ֮ĻԪָӲֱǾˣûȨǽκǷԸж㲻ҪĿǸ˵ûãвȨôŮüͷһ壬üΪ࣬Իˣ˵Ļǲá
˵ˣԹҲûУѧԺڳ˼˼˼˼ЩǿӵߣȫоУоɹҲֻô࣬ҪѹЩӵѹƵ˵Ǹ̶ȣûܡ
Ҫҽһӵ׽λ׽λЯߣѹƵͨ˵ĳ̶ȣϰְ취ǣҪͬĽһӵг˼ʵĹˣѹƵ˼ĳ̶ȣǰĪYT003ڽʵУܹɹĻҪûа취㣡ֻ˵ǿѧԺʱûǸŮ۾˵
ôɹĽǾˣֻ˵Ǹ˿㣬̫ǿӲˣɲҪңˣһ£ɣŮֱߵĻǽڣص˶ߵ͸Բ̣ԲҲͬʱʧӰ١
Ůһ뷿ڣͶɢӫĴɫ˵̫ңģʽ˳㽫131ŵһݵݴ䣬жκδ䷿˽мģʽִС
ŮĻո£ܵĲĻǽȫתɫ˿棬Ҳ棬ʱܲ͸硣
ŮҲԹԵߵ·γ֣ŮϣͷȻͣŮ˫ۣ˵ôڿʼĻ飬ǣ߽ս͵ʽZXC-V򿪷ǿĿۣ鿪ʼ
سǳʮУɷĹص˶ߵ͸Բ̣һų߸ӣ۽ƲƲһ΢ЦİҫԼԼ£ͣʶ̾˿תһߣ˵ʵڵе㲻̫ҿҫ
ǰҫһȭǳܶѺϽͷݣɳ˽һ֮⡣
ǳ˼ʵĿֲ֮£Լ±ƵýеȻûɱһˣǺ˵ʵڳ˶ҶչκεĹٶ
ЩϹɵӣ֪˼ʵжֲԼ˶ʲôãҫһɱ¾ҫɱַӾܽȫ
ѪѪףѿߵͷصҫǰʱҫһɫĽԲ򶪵ǰ翴˿ֿ˿Լ£ǵǹȫˣ̼ССɫôˡ
ով͵ԲѷĴۣһ⣬ϣʵĻشңҫ΢Ц˵
ȥߵѪգչһʹޱȵ°ͣĬĵ˵ͷ
ҪиܶȵѺϽͷ˽ųɵĲֹǱôˣ°ͶҪҫǾɳȥѾǲеˡ
˵ҪǻȥôǻȥĽʲôҫ˫ȭһգ˫Խˣʵ
ҫʻüߺԼ˵Ĵ𰸣жؼһصĻش𡣰ҫҲôģĴ𰸣̫ϲĻôҫһĿֲɱˡ
ǻܵȫֵʣȻѺΣϵǷɱ治֪һ֯һԴʣ˵ʵ顣
ҫɿȭͷ˵ͷ΢Ц˵ǺãͶ·ɣ
΢΢ü˵ʵڵģκ˶˼ӵеʵ˵䲻ģҫҪֻһӾɱˣҲԼ
֮ǰսӵ봦졯˰ҫĳ˼ʣе㲻ΪȻϾûнӴʵȼĶ֣Ͽ᲻ӵߵǿһֲֿ֣
ҫͶУ˲СĻɣΪΪһЩһ̬飬Զһ޴ıףʲôı벻ˣϾޡ
ȷ㲻ᷴߣ罫ַؿڣʵ
ͻأ˰ҫ⣬£ٶ壬ڼؿڵĻ׼в㣬һƬǳǳϸСĽĤֻҪһԲʮڣһĢƣΪɻҡ
Ұҫ˵һһɽ𣬼Ȼ˵ͶȻٳ֡Ǵҵĵߣ֮ǰǸٶٷĻҺɱˣҫ΢ЦڻصЦݣڴʱ˵УԵ쳣ľ㤡
ҫߵ΢Цҫ֮ǰһȭɼľٶԼǾ䡮Ů˵㡯仰Ƶãޱȡ
˭ϲԼϲˣǸӢܵʵµĴ־ǰİҫ߱ôв
Թ糤һ˵ͷһ£Ը˼䣬תǰȥ
ܵҫǰͷе㲻̫ҿҫóһĽԲ̣˵Ǹ鷳ᣬϣ
ҫ΢΢һЦùԲһ󱳲Բ̵߳ɫ͸ͷһ㽫ҫȦסһֻҲˣҫԼֱˡ
ҲֻǺĿ˿ɫ͸ԸģȻз֮٣Ҳͬɫ͸ͬ⡣
ʶһЦΧ˵Ĵ£һȥҫΪʲôͻȻͶΪ֮ǰڼսʱָı󻮳֡
թ


ʮ ڣ񶼣
죡̬Ϊļ1.3%зװԶʶϵͳϼپʮ߸ٷֵ㣬ѹģʽʼִУ
ףָʼִУ񶼷ϵͳӳɹԶʶϵͳɨɹʶɹӭ䳲ӵսӵڶжӣսӶӳξ
ڼŰҫߵĴԼСʱ˽ʮ๫ľ룬ͣ½ŲǰԽŨ
䣬һӺϳĲǰı仯Ũһ㲻ͣķת
ͣԽתԽ죬һϢ֮䣬˵ǰһֱ׵ԲڣڵһߣҫܹһЩһЩӰԼĵ⡣
ҫһۣ˴֮ľɫȫ¶˳˶ޱ֮ˣȻܹɵһߣһ磬һ硣
ÿռ֮ĿٳĿռôѵ뻯Ĵܣҫ˵
δأ֮ǰ㽻ʱҲ͸¶ϹﱻΪƼǿףƼһȻһûŪƼʲôǣ֮һĪĸоңֻҪǽڣӦûкܴĵţ⽫һĻԵҫ磬֮֮ҲûԱô
Űҫ˵ǺԼȻɢĵ㣬ͣĴ̼Űҫĸй٣ҫ˲һƬߺ죬򶨵ĿһҪԼľ̬
ѾͷҵȻҪϹżϹϹſƼȥҲͦ˼ģһҪúõһҫ΢ЦƸĸһԴҲͷ΢΢糺֮ɫ
˵ĴŪ÷սӵжʿ磬ǼƤһأȻǶɲŮò֮ϣ޼ɵ˵黰ʵ˺ޱȣĲڡ
ȣˣֻάӣҽɣУ֮ǰ֮ǰܱǸ˵Щɿһ֧֧˵
仰ǵǸ֮֮Ի˵Ļ֣ʵʵǿ߱¶õ˵ľηϹ֮أҲ⡣
ҫ˵ͷһۣȥɵԲǰҫǣִȥڿԲڵ˲䣬ֿˮĸо˸о档
̬ϵͳƽʶϵͳѾȨޣǲſԽûȨ޵ˣڿڵ˲䣬ֱӱ͵κһطΪ˷ֹİ͵͵ϲӣǱķֶΡ͵Ȼҫȫûжϵĵ˵ͷ
ʵǼڹеĻѯӦй¶˵뷨ǣ͵֮ǰʧԵɣȺҲⲻˣ˵Ҳû£
ҫ֮ǰʱȻʣģĿռƺԳһ⣬գаƣ΢磬·ռڵһѾһ磬ԵޱȣҫˣĿϾӵ
ڷӵˣС֮ǰĲԶһŮһߴӡ
ŮĽСݿɰһһҵĸ߸𣬺ɫĳ֮ԵøĿɫͨͼĶTţпӲЬһ͸ƬĴš԰ҫ˵绹ǹĺܡ
ǸߴӣĻǸߴûǡ׶ߣԼҪװѵĿż⣬˸˵ĸоͺһͷֱҰһ㣬쳣
һһСϣðҫоǹ죬Ǵ磬ò·̬Եúܹ졣
ŮһõԸһ֪ĮԸһһĴ䣬ôðҫ˹졣
ߵҫǰŮЦ˵λˣǺãҽ壬⽻ģҪǼŶ
ҫ΢Цͷ漴Դһᣬʵˣһ£ΪʲôǶأҪʱĻǲӦϹŵɣ
ҫĻһ䣬˶Ŀ⿴ҫеֲԼʴʲôô
Ҳֻǿһۣ㲻˵ŮǲͣķŰۣƺ˼ʲô
ǸߴӣҲüͷƳ˰ҫһۣԹԵߵǰ˵Щʲô˵ͷһҫĶ
ͦıֱͦո°΢΢ָ̧£ʮȽǶ׼̫ѨƺһǶеڣҫΪѽ⡣
ڼ֮󣬱뿪ˣʱͷһ۰ҫ죬ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷĴ˵Сģ
ոյ⣬ҲܻشŶԸ£ְͿȥԼˣոյҵŶ巭Ű˵
ҫع񣬵˵ͷȻĻֻ֣Ҳʤޡ彫ϵ͸Ƭ𣬶׼ҫͷ­ҫüͷ壬˫ȭԾҲͬ¶䱸ɫ
ҪŶҲҪڸ¼Ҳ֤û֤ݵĹˣ붼Ժǻᱻ߷ֽģҪ֤ŶҪеƽ壡æڽ͵°ҫʲô
ֻĻҫ˵ĶУһѽԣǶ˽ѽ䣬ӵһΣЩ˲ͱ֮Ժһ˳Ȼ
ƽ׼˵Դһ߳͸ƽϣһɨҫͷ֣֮֮һݳ֣ߴӴʱҲصߡ
һӺе͸ƽ˼£漴Ц֤ϣǻҪȥ⽻ȫǼŶ
ҫ˵㣬΢ЦӦߵĸߴӣһֱŰҫ˲ţĪΣոУԿߴҲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
˵껰֮󣬸ߴߵҫǰӿ㶵ɫֻӸµĿҫ˵
ҫһ˫΢΢Ϥ˶֪ǰҫˬŭ˵ǰ࣬Ҫ֮ʱҫ½ǣ΢΢ҡͷҫҲֻ޿κεĵ˵ͷɫֻϡ
ɫֻһӴҫƤ˲ıʽ籡һˮҫһȦҫʶˮ㣬Լˮɫ
ҫ֪ôˣһһľܸоԼǾ˵Ŀֲѹ˾ųɾңֻʣһˡ
ߴӿŰҫɫֻ֮Ҳ˵ʲôֻǿ˰ҫһۣתߣ˵һ䣺СʱȥǱˣ֮ͷҲص뿪
ǲͣţʲôɵĴҫǰ֮ٴֺǺǵЦλˣӭǵĵλñ֮񶼣


ʮ ʧ̬ش٣
񶼣ϹǾȻԼһĶֵع֣֮ʲôܣƿһУ֮ףʥµĴڡ
ڽΪ֮κ˱Ծη֮ģдʵ֮ˣƥ䣬ȴΪԴ֮ˣŪûᱻĪȺ֮
֮ǲ£ַģеһЩˣ֪ⷽأأڵġ
ҫȻҲ֪һ㣬ǶҲûжƺԼĹΪ񶼣е֮Աǣ֮ǰЩϹչֵԼǰԳһ磬нҪ֮á
˵ܡӦáһ֮أ֡
˵һ֮ƺ󣬱ҫǰȥԲڣҲ˲£
ҫ˻ܣ֮ؾȻһȺɽ֮еĿյϣ޾ɽɽ壬Լ洦ɼ⣬ûʲôǳؼ֡
ⷽС磬ǲСܹװɽҲСȥͣ½Ų֮󣬻ͷЦһŶ
ֻе͸ƽ壬˼£ָ֮͸ƽ棬ǰһһɫûбըҲûʲô֣ôֱֱڵ֮ϡ
͸ƽƽĻһɴɫɣףһ׶ڳڰҫǰ
ڵıһƬһߵʧ֮ͷһһˡ
ҫ˫ĿʮǣŴڣˮҪ½棬Ҫжš˫ĳOͣԴһգգĿڣӨӨһǳȤģ
ѣѣҽŶӣģʽҪˣĻǻᱻٱǿѹѹһŲŶЦ߽ڵڡ
ҫһۣ˫ֽգ̧߽ڣʧⲻ֪ٷΧɽʱһ΢͸㣬һ룬ٴλָ
˵ʵϷѶ찡гƽʱ°Ҳɷɵģʱ
ʲôʲôѽѽ⽻ģֲǿѧԺģ֪ʲôʲôԭһ治֪ģҪĴ𰸣ס֮Լȥİɣ
ɵ̣BMWܳٹＫ޼ֻҪһŶܹõ㣬һҲҪŪһ̨һ£
BMWʲôؾҵƷѽ˵Сһš֮кöʷˣԪ汲ôˣؾߣʻǶĴڡ
ѽҪˣ÷Ӵй˼Ҫס֮ԼȥɣʲôУ㶼ܲ鵽ġԣڿʼ׼˵˽˵㲻ԡ
ԴӰҫ뵽֮ں󣬰ҫǷһĸ֮̾Ĵ֮£ҫӳǼµĺģһʣ岽һŪΧ·˲ͶĿ⡣
˵壬΢΢һ죬ͣŰҫĺ⣬ɺƺûиоɷԼس˴òʶϼѣеĿʣŮľ·ҲǻһЦ˼ҲԹԵæȥˡ
ΨĳЩˣҫ֮󣬾Ȼ԰ҫ¶һЦݣ΢΢˵ͷеɶĺͷԡ
ߵĵ·ҵ֣ΪĿװλҵ棬Żҫıֿʼʧ̬ʧѼȥˣҲȷʵûҫ֪˵Ҳ൱ڽеķмͬ
˫װˮƽûȣ̵װˮƽ𽭺еЩ֮𣬸߳ٱǧֹҲѹְҫ㲻ʲôʣʲôˡ
ɾ壬˵⣩˫ؽ֮£ҫҲֻܹԹԵֹͣһϵ˲Ŀѵľٶͷǰȥ
ʮ֮󣬰ҫĴ£ҵֵľͷǰһƵİٲá
õײһƬλ԰յأݲϣʯ˵ȴһַǳԼĵɫâҼΪƽ
ֲܵԵڵأŲľÿһıոպãһҲһ֣һ࣬ģηĸоҫĿǰƬ󣬴õΡУײ԰յص¸УĿ
ܲɣ񶼵¥Ҳǰ񶼵еţѧԺȫ֡֡ؾ֡ȫ֣⽻ԺȵȵȵȡԪ׵İ칫ң档ȨļеأȥԺһҪŶҪܣ˴סҪ̵ģҶҪǣأһƬԺĿ˵
ҫҲŵ˵ͷȻЩ֣ǸȫûжǴͶĺ壬˻Ǻ˵ģýеͨ׻˵һصפˡ
ĽŲʼϽݣȥڴʱ˵ǰӭһȺЦͣˣԼһ߽ųߣɫҰףɫƤʳ۵׳
Ⱥ꣬䲻Ц׳⣬һΧΪ׵һ꣬ͣķУ곤üĿ㣬һĺװ°΢΢̧𣬿˭ֻۣ⣬ǸپͲûѿдˣһܵģΧˣͣĶ˵֮
ҫȺ˲ҫƳһ۶ԷҲ˵ǣ֣ȥȻܿһµһģ磬ԣ򣬶һ²һ£Ƕá
οԼʵѹƵİٲһҪ֣ԼҲδػʲô̫ƣ֮ǰʶĿǴһۣԷǿ飬·ûһ㣬Եúǹ졣
Ȼ󺺣ûзְҫ͵飬·ƣԼǻҰ׵Ƥһֵ֮лһԼԼɱ¾֮Լһֳıҫ׽ɼ׳Ȼ
ҫ£ԸΥ룬ȴƫƫҪ룬˫û߳ԶȻ꣬ͻȻͣסŲֱ֮ӻ˵ǰˣүͣ£
ҫ˽Ųһ٣һȺ꣬ʱüпԿǷݼΪŨı񣬵ɿڵش٣ôİй䣬ʲô°
Ҳ壬˫ֱĽţ֮ǰһƳǰĶĲУòֻеϹʯۣ˵ˣԼŮ٣ȣһӹ֬׷ݶԵе̧ˡ
ԣʱ˿һ뷨ǾǣҪȱʧ֮£˵һ䲻úɨصһ仰
ŮˣҪˣȥץȥҵҪúõһ档
䣬ҫһ㶣֮ҫ˫гһ죬¶һЦݡ


ʮ 뱩
ᣬ㻹ԽԽˣֻҲ˵ĳڣŲȥԺ㣡ŭɫǰŭȵ
ǰ꣬Ҳǹᣬİһۣв֮Աǣߵ壬Һˮˮʲôʸô˵ʶĻһȥٵܲˣҲûʸܣ
УĶ棬С㻹û˭ϡ㣬Ҹо̫˰ɣҪͲסįԼ죬ģȥҪҶҾ͸ĵף˭ùţԣ˫ֻ鼫Ϊм
壬ڷôĻôҪòýĻ⽻Ǳȥкˣ£ξ͵ҸӣøҰɣԺʲô£һæôûһ壬˼һ󣬻ı֪̫ǿӲֻܽڷһתƤЦⲻЦĻһ䡣
ӣֵǹӣǣҼ¥°̯ĲǸܳԣģߣҿ
ǣһɨӵĿ⿴˿ᣬ֮г˱ģָݺݵĶŹһ£ǶǶ˵ĸĹˣͨ˶ᱻѪܱѡ
ȥץǱĲУټһޣߵĹӣҧгݵ
Χʮһ˵ʵڵƽʱ£֪ĹƨʲôûԵĶ˾ƨûĵϹΪ˾Ȼ֪ı
ǿǲٵı嶼˻ˣҪȥˣһԷˣǴСЬǿ಻ˣǸȥǳԲ˶ߡ
ǣ岻ǣߵĹͺˣߵıǿðЦģоʵȨĴڣȨƳڵҲָ
ôʵˣҪ֪ڵȨֻһͳһеĴС飬ǰⶰٲ¥ͳһģӸλＸǧңʮָĲˡ
Ҳ˵ͳһڸ߲еĸ߲ˣͲߵˣҪǲķԸ˵˽˶ҪȥǹС
ԣʮ꣬ͺıһһһ¼ģҲǲҲǣҲҲǣⲻˣ˶һǳͳһ뷨̣УǳܣҲΪѽʲô°𣿹нײ𣿻ڷ𣿲~~~
㿴ңҿ㣬ÿ˶һȥıʱȻ֪Ⱥе뷨޷ǾǵˣǣǸǴƵã˵ǷȥҪԺΪǣٸǽ
Ựһ䣬ǿ˿壬ٿ˿ᣬ˼һҧҧҫ˱ȥ
嶥ҲӲˣɵᣬǿ˵׼ͻҪС£Ƚһ㣬ѡվڹߡ
Ǹң
ʮԼ߳꣬ŭĿԲŭȵĺȴûǰͣ½Ųϼðˡ
ԣ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣҲûٻ༷ңҲͬܿʵǳĺܣֻǶ˵Ի˰ҫ˵Ĵڡ
壬Ҵǣ᲻ԴҫָָϽӽˣգգۣڵ
Ǹʵ¯Ѿסôˣˣǹˣ¯ȻסˣǹʽսܻڣҲˣû·˴򣬴жҪҰ㿸ʵʣֻ֮ȻʣȻǶݺݵĻص
ҫ˵ͷعͷʱһѾǰһֻ֣ʼץȥֻаҵľʱͣסˣ˵С۱ҫץס֮ҫģģһһŤ

ɱĲҺ˵С۳ɾʮȻۣǽѿڵļ񴦣е̳Ƥ⣬Ҳ̶ã˱Сش֮ĵڶˣŵøæֹסŲͣ
ֻǣͣˣ˿ͣˣûһ˵Ĳ״ֻ˵һ˵ĲҺһǰ
ڹ̫ĹϵҲֻ̫Ϊһ˵ĵ£Ϊҫе㹦Լ˶࣬Լ׳ĴڣҲû̫ϣԹۡ
ǰİҫһЦ˫ŤŤӣִĹǽڱž漴һȺ֮֮һĻÿһȥһС۶ϣ쵹ɵӰ
ʮӺ󣬰ҫŤ˼ֱۣ˿ϣŻ۶ѵС۲ͣҺˣ΢Ц˵ͣûС
һĻˣɴ˫ۣһ˼飬֪ҫǹˣ˼ʹҲսܴڣҲ˵䱾һսڣȻսѾ߱вòǵġ
Ƕǰİҫ֮ǰսе߸ǴСѧĳʶʮ֮²ʮˣͨĹˣԣҫͨǳĲͨ
ԼüĿԼ۵գҪԼǲ˯ˣ˻þǰȷʵģҫϵʱ˲ʲôһԭ˵ı飬ԵõҲôһ˿Ĺ졣
һڿˮһߵĸߴ׳ƺ׳˼ֵЦˣмֱ£ڱǰҲûʲô˲ģٸһᣬԹԵİŮ齻漸죬򡣡
Ļ˵ˣ˷˳ʮ׿⣬ڵ˺üȦͣ£һǳԵѪɫӡ
һ߷ɹ֮󣬰ҫ֮ɫΪɭȻ˵飬࣬ͣСүͺúĹ죡
ҫһ䣬˿Զĸ׳ͷӣԼȻӵγ̶ȣԿԷһʵ̶ȣԼһţӦÿõ
ɺ߾ȻȫΪҫһۣһԼ޹ر飬Ҳԣʼ׳ͷӣûбֱһߴıһ㣬ʼնޱϲҫĿѡ
ҫ磬ɣǸеĺᣬʰҫ̨ϵ˪˵
ҫعͷ˲仯飬ɷĺ¶һõ΢Ц˵ѾͷҰɣ򹷣ֵģ
һЦ˵ͷ۵һǸæ˵е㱳°ӵġ
ҫüͷһ壬һȴǽƻЦҪ²Уֻ˵ĽǶȣС㻹ܹ㿸µġ
ҫͬʱһЦҲͬʱĿ򣬸ոĹᡣ
ʱĹỹңǸͦıݣѪֹס£ϵľʹԣԼһѪ漴³˼Ŷɫְת죬ɺ࣬һ̧ͷ˫Ŀ׺ݵĿҫ
ģҴңĿ꣬ģʽɱ˫ĿѪЪ˹׵ŭ
ĿģʽΪĸ׳ӵڣһ΢;Ƭ˸ɫĹâ


ڶʮ սԱ
Ϊĸ׳ͷӣھȻǵӺϳͻıʣǰҫʼδģǰҫûģܹ֣ԴһһϣһԵİҫ΢΢һ㶡
ڰҫ΢֮ʣֻһ̤汻̤һСİۣǸ׳ޱȣһ벻Ծ׾룬̧־һȭȭ׶ƷХֱҫͷ­ȥ
ҫȻһʵİٲһЩνĿƼܷĹʣȴⲻľ磬λĺܡ
ӭǿȭƷҫʶĻع񣬾ȭ˳ƺһһСȭͷһ̱һص
ҫÿһ˶ڵ̤һǳۣǲ˾Ȼҫٿշ𣬺˽֮߰Զһ󷭣һ죬صһƺ֮ϡ
ҫ˿Լ΢΢ʹȭͷܲĿһ۲ԶޱıԷ䵭û·һ㣬עŰҫ
ô쵽˹ǽѿӲ˵ļѽѵûʹɣ
ҫпʼԱķӦеԼǾȻ˾ųɣʣһɾҲȫʲôܳܵģԼĶֲ
ⲻһ治ǰҫһ˷֣һԵҲҲ˸ľ磬ǿĸй٣ȻҲ˿ϸ΢ĹǽѿͬҲԱ¶е⡣
ҫǲˣȴǾˣһΣǶ˵һμڱӲӲǿǿķʽǿսˣķˣصķɣ߰Զ
ʲôǿս񶼿ѧԺƼⷽһ֧רΪսԼɱ¾Ƴǿˡ
ÿһǾ̶ȵĵԣоϵٶȣʱٿɴﵽÿСʱʮıٶȡսܣɴڲܾƬеأӵн̿һսսʱķӦƣͬʱʹй٣˴˼
ûʹͲʹ˶սû˼Ͳᱻ˲߷ѱ䣬еĵԣֻΪһĿĵĴڣǾֱٵɱս˶ѡ
ΪĴڣֻΪսΪĴֻΪãΪĴֻζѣսĳƺʵ飬֮Ա죬Ϊⲿѹ
̫ƽôʵûô̫ƽȺĴǶԣ̫ƽֻԵġǿǱһɾҪڼºһսΪȥĴܿ䣬úõİһǡ
ؿ񣬴ӱƳɹ֮䲻˵޵УЩĴڣҲܹȫѹƣǱĹҲܶѹƣ⻹״
֪һ飬ȹҲʼȻɲ֪ĹԵе޴ˣԼȻǶ棬ǰ׳գʵǾǿĿֲ
뵱ҲĹ˴һΣ˻ڽ⿪֮սǣһȭ֮±㱻ˣȭ֮´˷ˣ֮󱻴ȫǽѣһαʤԱʵ൱ġ
һΣ֮ͨǰһȭԿҫûô򵥣е㶯ҡˡ
۰ҫ뷨Ҳûйôֻ࣬ǽΪʬĴڣӲҪԱȣ뷨ҲûϾΪиʬǻˣ𵽸ƵãַȻͬҲ
ʱƺ֮ϣ԰֮漴˫ҫȥÿһܳڵȳСѺֱۣҫ׵ľʱһСһԾ߸
ڽŵķ£ʱһƬɳʯɢһ׶ߣ֩ѣ׵ĸ߶ȣֱԾͷһ˫СȰϸСֱ¡
ǼƷХҪҫҳһ̲࣬սİҫȻᱻԷ̩ɽѹ֮ŵ־ӸµСƹƣ߽ĲҪַ̫࣬ӶϰƽⷽʽСưˡ
ҫ˫Ŀһ׼ƣ΢΢Ƴףҷ׷ɣֱӼܿ˱˫۵º֮ƣ漴һ벻ʱڣٴһһһֱ߲ϡ
˫۱ܿ׹֮δպñҫѸ;׵һŸֱ߲ؿģһ͹ôҫñֱȵڰա
һŵþ׹ǰƵ£ɲһһô򵥣˫ؾӼǳʼαӣ˹عǶᱻ߷ɳ⣬Ҳֻб־Ժ壬ǿܣɴ
ҫһδȸ߲ߵס֮һ룬ջĵݺһ壬ηɿһ壬΢̧һգٴһǱϥײʵʵĺڱĴϣӺɡ
ȻûѪɳһϥײ֮ͣԼصһԹսĹ嶼ŵһӡ
ҫһϵеԹأطˮ֮죬ֳ忴͸⣬ֻ֪ôϡͿľͱҫϥײɣ׶ϣֻĿɿڴĿŰҫôŰ
ڱҫһϥײ֮ʱһһ£ͬʱٿգڵķξƬһ˿绡ԼһǳϸСѷ졣
ҫűΣͬʱٿգҲ֪Լٶ̫죬ǱķӦҫҲû룬˲˫һ̧̤ס˫磬һǧ׹Է֮ĺڵϣ죬涼ѹİݽ׶
⻹û꣬ҫ׹һף˺һѹ޵ĵɣһһһշ˫ϥȻһıһ˫ʵϥǡ
֮ҫ˫Ŵأ¶ףһ˫Сץ𣬷ŵԼ˫ϣС۴˫ϥѹһ˫ϥǳһۡ
ս쵽Ұܣ˫簼ݽʮ֣̤˫ϥ鷴ʮȻۣûʹ£սҲˣֻϲͣ߶𳬹ָ꣬޷ս𳬹ָ꣬޷ս
ҫվֱŤͷһЦ漴ͷŹᣬɭȻһЦȴŵĺ뿪ߣҪԱ
һԶƣһ̶ȣܽйʱڵ΢;ƬԶִһǾԱ򣬱ըͣ൱30ҵTNTըҩը
ʲô30˾һ㣿ⲻʲôըҩTNTģһTNTըΧƽ֮Զ԰һռؾС¥Ϊƽأ30TNTըҩըأ׵ƾֻˡ
ԶҲﾡãã÷ӵ£ڵ˵֮£ٸԷֲһϲͬʱҲܻʬ𼣡
һҫһ㣬Ҳ֪ըΧֱӷ߰׵ľ룬ץסֱۣˣһתܡ
ȫȥ֮ʮʱȥԭеĴըûг֣һ˿׶ûУ˶ˣǵͷѽƬô
Ƭȷǻˣĺܳףڰҫ֮ǰǧ׹£ѣɾΪƬѣ˱ʼһֲֿ䡣


ڶʮһ ʧأã
ûУʲôûУܵ΢ᴵڳеľըͷû֣ĸߴôڵһϵǾ䲻ͣ߶ĻҲѾֹͣ
˾ô㿴ңҿ㣬ⳡҪжΣڹЩӣڰҫսʱѾǿžʹжԶܶԶˣǻҶ
ЦǿǿԸԴǻ°ҫµҪһҫͻȻǲ˳ۣӴǶˣǿ޶ӰҫʵԼľԷһȭһŰûῪʱ
˵ģܵô죬ȥֱ⣬оǻؼðŽҶǵùˣϰҫô
ǸԱôҫɿһһΣʵ
һʶѽҼǵ˵ԱϵͳڱʧȥսԶ˵ӦñѽѵؾƬˣûѽ
˸һЦ˵ҪͱˣҲõôãҫԼӴҪǸļһһݶʣأһҪӴ
СĪҲӣ˵ǲǰʲôʲô٣ҫǸֵĳҾֶ֮ŲԶĹᣬ¶׵ݣһЦ
ŰҫЦݣһëȻ󾪵ʧɫһãתȾܣһʹһ첨඼©һġ
̧ͷһһӰ߰׵ĸ߶ȣֱԾͷȻһ׹ǰҫֻһԾѣɵǰ·뷨̼䵴Ȼ޴档
ߵ壬Ҳһ죬Ļع񣬲ԶİҫǿĹˣҲرĹˡ
ҫܹ֮ɵ򱩾˵ʵڵģҪ鹦ڿɽׯżȻϰõһȥֻͨȭŹȴȭšצáһĳǿɱɱǡ
ɱʵҲһѧûضʽûת·ûʹʹţ˵ѧеһʶûС
еֻǽôֱ˵ַ빥ֶΣɱǰĵˣȫÿһطܹɱ˵˵սĻôѧɱǺİҫԱ֮Ϊɱ¾ˡ
ɱǵһ֮ڽǾԽǿɱҫʱľ˾ųɣʣµһ൱ʮҵľ
ֻһҲȵɽʱǿٱֹνо֮С׼ˡ
ҫľأɱֻǿʲôĵزƾ󶼸ое㲻˼飬ƴ򱩾Ҳһ֮£ԷЪ˲ˡ
ʰõɱҪˣ¹ҪЪˡҫҲǽ֮ǰĻȥˣͬĻҲȥˣȻĹô̡
ҫһ΢Цţһ߳Źȥ߱ŵͫ׷Ŵ˫ȴͶʼ΢΢ŶͣĲڵ㣬ʲô㲻ܶҶ֣Ұָӹ٣㣬ҪǸһ£ҰֻԲ˶ߣˣǶˣʶľͰ·ÿ׼ٿң
ָӹ٣ҫŲһ٣΢΢üظһ
ΪҫԼıҪЦҫʱ˲һʹѪɽݴзɳɾ£Ť˼ޣԼɵʺѪ
ҫһ仰ѵ˹ᣬʶƨָӹ٣ǹˣĹˣеĹˣڵһУ֪ƨָӹ٣ܴ𣡹ƨ£
ҫһƽ˫˵أȦңԭϵĽӡûȣи߸ͷˣһּΪ־Żİҫ
ڴʱڹǰһӰǰӵϵӰ˵ʮ־޴
ҫüͷһ壬ͣ½ŲʶĻͷһʱһϲָŰҫɱ죬ɱ
վڹ漣ս
һĻҫüͷֱ壬ԼԷ˺Լ˵ˣǱûʹĹҲȻ𲻵
ɺߴʱֱֱվţ˫˫ϥѻָã˫Ŀͫ۰ף˳֮ɫҲǰҫüԭ򣬲ֹԶҲͬʱüѡ
𣡡
ϲȴֻõ˱ŭĻش𣬺׿⣬ŵùһ飬ֵͷ򱩾ӦٳٶҲ֪ʲô£ԵúܲǳĲ
͹һ˫˫ĿͷһһĹᣬһֱ̧𣬶ȭͷֱ£ŵùȻ̧ϸСĸ첲ҪȥӲ
ˣʧˣᣬǸǸҫǿиϲˣھ֪ͨҴ磡ڣŭ֮ʣһңŲԶĶĺ
ͬʱе͸ƽ壬ͣİţƽʾһźŶ޷ӣ䡣
ԭҵ壬޴룬ʼŵô죡ӦڿᣬȻڰȫڣʵѹסʧغıô죬Ȼᣬã˾ͳ¨ˣ׸ôźã
弱ȫʧȥʱԵȴһɣ磬΢Цżҫɣ㹻Ӧ࣡
ع񣬽ĳ˵ȷôǸҫȷʵǿʧ״̬µıʵǱ״̬ǿһֹһ޲𹥻˵ʵڳҴҸףԼ߲⣬˵䲻ģҫʵҿԼΣ
飡ž
ҫԾ𣬷£ڵĵһҳѿͬһöֱڵգѵǰڱȭͷҪ֮ʣһٿղţһżдֱ֮ӽݺ߷ɡ
գ
ôŰҫһŵŷʧغıȵ֮󣬲Žһ³֮ǰ԰ҫӵѹƱʵеȵĻôھǾˡ
Ӵŷɣڵϸ£ֱӷɳʮ׿⣬֮֮ǰŭ˲ΧȺڣǰٲϵԱҲһſڴ²t¥µ״
ٲõĵʮŲ㣬ĳһңһȺǳɫ̿άɫԲʳ׳ǣڳ¥ָָ㡣
Ⱥ׳еһˣͷһʰϵ͸ƽ壬һͦװ۴˿۾˵ܶӳִűˣ񱩾ʧˣ
ƱϵĽ˿۾һνƳһ۳˵ˣڵģǸûϢĶ棬֪ͨȫ֣ѹ˱ˣ
ŶܶӳǸŶһ׳ָ¥£ӿ˵
˫ĿɵĹԲһѵ͸ƽȫڵϣһ󾪵ʧɫı顣
ɶ
һӣĸܶȸֻ飬ͷϣһȱ֮ǰһŭҪһٸֱŭ
ð


ڶʮ ᣡƤ
ᣬ֮ڴﵽ˲֪˲ĳ̶ȣ̫ӵһԱҲνĸֶ
ʲô***ȨȵȵȵȣЩӣĳЩ·ͳΪ̫ӵ***
ǣЩ裬ֻ֪ƵأԼаŮĶ˵̫ӵмٵļӵʵѧǿ֮һ
ͷְλȫڵľӵеһУûһͨҪģȫһȭһţԼƴģһ㵹һЩΪ⡣
ھͷְλ˵ǻŻͨнײ㣬ų񶼵սУǿ֧ӵֳƺŵս֮һִܶӳ
αԪװ䷢׽ͷѫ£սʵУλ֧ӵֳƺŵսӣڶ˽սУߴλԼΧڵеˣĴζսս˾Եá
ô˵ڶսսУһ֧ѹһͷǴֳƺս⣬ˣԼִӣλӰ֮ܡ
ȻеˣǿǿսָӸǿ֮ǿǿҲȱݣȱеס
ȱݣ֪ŵĸ߲㣬֪٣Ĳ˵λмԼ֧սܶӳһЩսӣԼĲ£ܼһǼϷȱΪÿأ
Ȼʲô˷绯Υ֮£Լõ۰̶ȼһ˷ָĵزǺ»ˣµˣÿضֱּΪġ
˭־֪壬˭
Եῴ¥£ԼıһλɫŮӣ׼ֱɶıʱ˵Ĳˡ
ļﵽÿ£ͫС£˿ʼԾ΢΢Σաʡ
Щǣһ״̬һȫ˿ߣ֪Լͷ˾ʱ˿Ǹʲô״̬Ϊñˡ
ת߱߳װ£漴תŴ㲣ǽȥҧгݵķֱײǼʹʱٰʮĿײõĸܶ˫ֻʮŲ㽫׵ĸ߶ȣֱ׹¡
׹֮ʱǲһȣ㷢ԼõĹ뽹֮Уֻһȣû¥ΧȺڵĶĤ飬ǰҫһ
ɢĲԼıЩԹȺͷһˣҲͬĲһȫɢһߣڳ˵ء
Ҳ֪ʲô취׹ٶȾȻҪϣֻһ֮ڱԺݺ׹ء
һ֮죬֮ʣοĻΪһӰٴܳʶĻͷһһϲžŭĿӣĭɵĿڽϸ磡ұ۸㶼ҲˣȸҰƽȥʰ㣡
ŭȣӭһ磬β贵ֱɣһӰһֺõĻãϸھͰ裬۸ãš˲ɣ
ʮŲϣȺ£»صǿıԵԼߺĶͷ˾ҪݺݷһĻ
¼ףܶӳÿزַˣ˰
ңΣգ㲻ȥƵã
ܶӳ飬Ȼȷʵеˣ
±ѽܶӳÿزⶰ¥˭֪ͼֲˣֻӴˣͦģǸеľȻܰʧغı߷ɣ˼
¶ܶӳǸڸƤ𣡡
¥ôҲΧȺôȻҫȷʵƤ򣬶ƤǱģֻʧغı˼ĻðԼ겻ù͸ˡ
֮ǰһ̣磬ߣøӭı˫Ŀ΢Уҽһ̤棬˸߸һתһڿպţ񱩵ȾȻӴµ˻ȥ
ҫ˫ĿһɣһЦȥʱҪֵٶȵɶأֱֱĳԼƺԷǱĵԼ
Ȼҫո˵Ҳֻ֣һŵ棬Ҳͬ߸һǰһ˲䣬ٿһֱűؿڣʮʲôؿһİݣԼɶȥٶȣܺ˵ˡ
˼ͷ­΢΢һͣ쳣аЦ
԰ҫôȷʵǣԣҲûжٶУֻ뿴ܹʧػĹˣмֱ¶ѣҲûʧ
ӭƷӰҫŷҲ͹һѣһӴĺ±Գǰɼһž֮أίʵޱȡ
ٴһбһʮת壬ƱЩ˶ԱҪ׼ȼдһǿҵĺХص˦һһ㣬ݺݵĳڱıţһѪɽһֱӳıһƤٴεɡ
飡
һص𣬰ҫһǰշ˳ֱűǰ˻ȥ
飡
ٿһŲţʵʵڵڱһİۣһǽڱѵ𣬼Żظҫ
飡飡飡
ÿһκص𣬶߰ҫòͬſƣ߻أ߻أŻظԷܵΧȺڣϵĺȺ壬ΪıеǵԺбαͷѾƤΪ˵Ⱥš
ҫ֮ľʮףľ룬ڶǿ˵¶ΪƤ򣬱˾ôš
ܵΧȺҲűصĽ࣬ŤŲӣȫоƣۣ˵Ļʽഫ߱ǽζֲ˼
ĳЩڸǸЦȻŹӳŻŰҫĽŷͷ㣬ԽԽ֣Χ۵ҲԽԽ࣬˵ĻҲԽԽȤ
ʲôһӦ߸һӦٶһӦúһһ¶ԷĻԽԽֽ࣬кõ˶ˣǲǰŵյȻ޴棬һ־硣
忴һƣͣкԶİҫٴν߻أɫӲ쵽ţŶŭ湻ûУô棬ҸʱȥⶪۣǲҪһҪأ죡
ŭЦŵһëֱһǸ߱ȣǰ󶼱Ĳӵı߿һߡ
漴Цĳ˵ãͦ˼ģϸһʱĹˣٺ٣ھ˴
忴ԼЦһĴ磬һڣŤͷȥԷǸֺõֻһŤͷǱ߿ıȻŭһ˲䱩𣬳ȥ
ͻһĻŵҫвеģֻһԶٶٿҲϲϣһýκαøҲе㷴Ӧ
Ƕ˸ϲϣһ˸ˣǾֻǽСһ˦һöʯƷһӰͷ­˸ԴȻأһ
ɵˣɵˣеĹڶɵˣҫȴЦˡ


ڶʮ ţֻƾ㣡
жǿҫ˵ʵڵģ֣ⳡսò˶ãһĪ⣬İַҫԼΪ֣еľ
ҫʵ᲻岻ڳΧȺڶһ֣˶ˡ
þ͸ǸЦˣͬʱ۾ϲٶıüĴѪѪֹֿԼ
Ƕ뿴ԼǲΣαжǶ˶һʧغ״̬˵ʵڵģҪԸҲҪ΢ѵֽš
أǱɱɱѼҪѲȥ׾٣Ѵ֮ͽⳡս
þãһֱΪҲǳĸЦôͣģŵϵıߵͣͿͬʱҲŶգһ˫ˮĴۡ
عϵİ׳ԼĽ۾ƨɴȡһСӣճϵˮԼͷڷһﭹ֮죬Լȥˬһ㡣
һ󵹳֮Ỻߵǰָظ΢΢Ϲһ񶼲еʿϸþԼ˵Ůʿᣬ֪ûʱ䣬ͣŮʿܹҪ˱˵һ⣡
һ㶣ǸнڵˣҲһеڣԴǸ˵ӵĺ⣬СŮˣֻǴʱ಻֮빫ա
ŶĲˣ˵˵ȨޣһЩ»Ǹ߹ϵģ˵˵ʱ˾ؿڣһĵĿºڵ
˵ң
Ȼһ𣬸еԼԣһɼҵɱŤͷһʱ亹ֱݺݵĶԼ
ң
ҫ֪ʱԳ󣬻һæعͷŰҫһǣ˵һ䣺ʱ䣬ٹ֣Ӯ»Ҫһֵģ
ҫ΢΢һЦͷص㣡
Էľҫ߲ܣ漴ϹСƵãڱʬԱߡ
ԭ뿪˭֪ɶ㲻ҫħצһ֮ſڵϣʧĿˣ˶΢Цֻ΢ЦôôëȻ
ῴʬʱһţ۶ԼüĴѪֹѪǽŵĲУûܼͱһָ˻ȥ
ᣬѾָǼǳԲǴϴθĽѵǰɣƤǷǲһЦ˫ȭͣţǹǽڱĿĹ᲻ͣſˮԼ²˳뻢ѨѰ
վΪؼҵˣҲڣؼҵ㶪ˣ
һ˶УʱһɫƷȺΧΧȺڣ˵ԣ԰Χ֮ƣΧˡ
Ϊһ󺺣׿⣬Ũüۣݸ㣬ŭһ绨Ұ׳⣬ľŵĸ߸߹ּһشѩѣ˵֮еһš
󺺽ӽ֮󣬿ûлعĹᣬһüͷҪѿжѿٲȻһɸֵӡ
һˣʱһϲи̾ǼݵŴ󺺳ȥҪѿжѿ㵽󺺴Ⱥ֮кһּΪԹĿ⿴ҫˡ
󺺿ŹǸε̾Ϣһҡҡͷһѩѣ³һŨһŭ˵ᣬ˵˵ôˣ
ޣˣ˸ƨǲɲŵĵܵܣ۸ҵıãˣôˣһأǹؼұĲУƤĺȻУƤˣһȺүǾ֪۸СŮô۸ҰһڣԴƦЦ
һЦ˶ϵѩ̻ңڵһ죬ֻҪ˵ˣҲϹҵܾܵôţҲܰװǵĴµǰѾ۵ļؼ¼һ仰˽Ҵߣ¾ôˣأ
¡һѩѣ³һỤ̃һ˶һµı飬ĹҲͬһЦͣı顣
ֻǣֵܣƺеͷˣΪΪѵΪزʶĹԼĲɣ˭֪ỹᡣ
Ҿ˵ĻǷƨѬ죬¡ҪûˢͻȥҰˢɾˣֳִ󣡡һƦƲƲ죬һ˵˲˲Ҫ
¡üͷ΢壬ϴִѩѶ˶ɫһصʲô˼
ߣʲô˼ʵ㣬һ˶ߣռԼ˶ŻôԿǻˣû˯أսӺڣ
ڣ
һﻰ£жʱһƬХ漴ʮȦԽԽĵӰһӰһƬ֮һӰȫƺޱȡ
Ӱ׹֮ʱѾվ˶ʮδ󺺣Ŀ뾫⣬ûһʲôеĽɫôŹ¡ŭĿӡ
Ͷߴ˴Ź¡΢Ц˵ռһϯֻ֮ƾ㣬ǿ壬У~~࣬ǲվŻȥǰɣ
¡˫ĿһУеѩһ˦棬ݺݲŭã㹻ݣҹ¡Ҳ㼸֣ˣһҪˣᣬҹ¡£ҽͺúüʶʶֶӣûдô
УСҪ֣͹˰ЦһһҪж˵Ĳм񣬽Ź¡š
˫ţҧңڳһҪֵļƣΧڶȴһս֮ʱһȺ۴īĺ˽Ⱥڷֿߣߵ˫м䡣
Ϊ׵ˣһ֮ǰͬһӴҫ˵δ󺺣һˣ¡üһȻˣⳡ̿ǲܴȥˡ
ѽҪôû£Ǵǵģùǵطǣصôˣְɣ˿˿ֿߵĹ¡ᣬ˵
һﻰ£һƬѻȸҲƣ¡Ҳͱˣ˾ô۵С۵ĽŶԷҲڣҲ֣Ȼѹ֣Ҳ֮ǰǰš
ôˣô͸ҸøȥԱûǣ֪νɢˣᡢ塢¡ᣬ£˸ҸظҸҸ裬ɢˣֵ̧˵ˣüȵ
ܵΧȺڣҲ֪˵ݣΥ׷ҡͷɢȥΪһϷԿ˭֪ͷβȤ
ӺܵΧȺڶȥ٣ֳֻʣ¡˵¶˿һߣΨᡢ塢¡˱˽еһȥƺлҪ˵
צĭɵģӦǶչҲͬǵԴѵ⡣


ڶʮ һȭร
ƺͷĲСǰһԵƵãĻ֮ǰǰŭɶһԲϴѪ岽֮ƣͱ˸ѹûˡ
δľޱ飬һ粽վڰҫߣͺ˭ǷƽƵáðҫĻ˵겻̱ǧ겻ۡ
λ̨СŮһʣ̨֪ܷ󣿡ߵıδ󺺣ȭһ
ֻ˵˵ģδصҲӣ֪ǹ䣬ǲ̫˼
̨֪λǺҲܹƿȫļƣӦòͰɣƳһ۲Զˡ
ֻܸ㣬նȨģ㲻Ҫ֪
˱ѵһ֮ȫԴкԼת뿪Ҳ˵ʲôֻǳŰҫһЦ뿪
¡ֵ뿪ʱǺݺݵĵ˰ҫһۣ˼˵û꣬ͷҲصȥ
ί߶Ųƽصҫߣ˵壬ǹȥл˵
ҫһۣһ˿⣬ѵҲҪѵԼһٲɣȻԼԼҪȥģϾ䣬˲ٶ룬˵ͷȥ
˲Զˣ΢ЦĿŰҫԼ
ʱİҫƣ˵ֵ˽Ƕ˽Ҳ˵ôһЦеĶŶ˿Ķ˻ڡ
ϸ˵òҲüĿԴɣ֮⣬°͵ϺûйθɾƽһǷ֮⣬ͦΣ촦Ŧ۹ɿţбһɢĺɫװԵôһ˿
˿ȥݣޱ߷һǷϵ壬ʵϲȻҫɫɫҲ٣ĻῴԷز¶
Ĳ˵˫ƺֱĵԼֱϵĺʵϼ룬ͿԿ壬Բʲôͨô򵥡
Ҫһǣ˵ϢܲѰʱʱʱʱƺڿʲôȻȫޣȴҫһԼԼļ¸УȻǿңҲܸоĵ
Ҳ˵ǰͨ壬ûȥô򵥣޹ݣ˫Դɣ񣬾ܿȻǲ֮ˡ
֪½Ҷν£ʾ£ҫɿһƳĬʵ
΢΢һЦӿڴһ̣֮һڣһ֮󣬿һ۰ҫϵɫYT002¯˫ô˼
ҫһֿ̧˿Լ˫ϵɫɫֻһʱû˵˼ͻȻһҵȭӭϮҫʶ˫۽ȥ
ȭ籩ףҫ˸˳ȥֱɳʮ׵ľ룬ҫſֹסΣֻ֮ףס֮ơ
ּ̣Դһ˿Ŀ˿Լȭͷ֮ǰͻȻϮ˰ҫɴı鿴Լˡ
Ȼǳ˼ʣYT002£ʴűѹƵ˿˼ҵˮƽСͲ󣬱»治СССôŪĳ˼ʣ֣֣˿Լȭͷ뵽
ͻһĻ˵Լ嶼еܲ⣬˵ʵǺǲǣΪʲôҪͻȻϮľٶ֮޳Թμ棬Īľٶ˸еѽ⡣
Ƿѽ⣬ҫҲһԴʺãҪһ˿ɱⶼûУ㲻ǶҲڰҫɵһֱɱ֡Ϊˣ֪ôˣһĿˡ
ԶİҫǿЦĿԼʹѣͣ˫ۣ˵һȭصĹԵˣԼǱǿϰٱʣȻԳܣɼԷʵֲ֮ز¶
ݰҫƣԼµģԷһȭҲֻʵıɽһǶѣʵֻɲˡ
£Ǻ⣿˫üʵ
΢΢һЦڵŶû⣬Ϊ˵ӦܸоĵֻһȭұҪֻΪĳ˵иѣӦûɣ
£лǰ飡ҫŲһԾ֮󣬱»صǰȭ
ƲƲ죬еİ̶ڵýЩˣ˵ǹģŤ
ССᣡǶȥɣԪһˣԴǶùˣæԼ°ɣ˳δ˰֣˵
廹ã΢΢˸ŰҫǲҪŶ˺ܺõģ֮ЩҲֻй¶ѣؼܳˣһȥǵģ
ҫȻ֪νйʲô˼ɱ΢Цͷʾ⣬һЦǰײȥ
δüߣ壬ܸҿԪ׵ô
ûİһۣҪ֪δ󺺾ôԸԷųҲһȭȻҲֻһ뷨ˡ
ʾһ͸ƽ壬˼£δ󺺣ҲȥǶԷתŰҫ˵ڹҹˣϳ˵ɣ

ҫͻȻʲôһ˷ܣҲͻȻʲôҫͶȥһֺܹ
ȫȥֳֻ֮ʣδһˣôĿ͸ƽϣҫͷ񣬻ʺ߻ĸ֡
ҫں˶һĲУʱǼڵϣƶĳƤʱƤΪʲôܳҫ˹濴Ѿеޱˣʱ֮⣬͸ӵˡ
ˣˣôһ˵飬ϰ˾ͺãԺ˵ҲһأȹԹԵţһ͵ҵĵˣʱ˵ڼʻϣỵ̂ϵ̣ͷҲصĿ˵
ǰǺҫʵ
ȣǰǰĽңܲϰߣҲҽ˵ģճ£г¾ţҲȺСһһˡ
ΣԺʲô֮Ĵʻ㣬Ǿ͵ûֱʡԹȥˣҪô⣬ýͣڱ죬ˡ
¾һеͷһȣ̨ܳ͵һ٣һգۼԶɰ￪⡣
ʮӺܳͣһĽҰ⣬¾³֮󣬰˺İҫһۣšҲû찡ôҲ̫˰ɣ㻹ӵг˼أ涪ˣ
ϵİҫҲȷʵͦ˵ģҫͷ쵽⣬ͣĸŻһףθһƬ˵ı󣬱ȳ˸ҹҪѿ
ȻĲܹǶ˳ֻͣ˵˭ĳãƫƫϳ¾ŵĳˣҫ֮ǰ忴Լˣ˫ʲô˼ˣร˼
Ƕ˾ã¾ŶƤĲٿؼĵĲʵһҪĸоȻҪ·˵Ҫ˵ѡ
ҪһĲٿˮƽĻǾֻ÷ˣ·߿ɲֱ߰


ڶʮ ҵǣ
¾ƲƲ죬Ҳ˵ľ̬ӳóһ͸ƽ壬˼£ָ֮͸ƽ棬ǰһһɫֱֱǰһƽء
˰ɣҲ¹ˣЪҲЪˣڸɣ¾ŵݸҫһһˮƿ̿˵
˵лһӹˮƿһڣ˸о˲٣Ƕ˻һǰƽԭ֮ʱϵˮƿûȣǰľ󣬾ͺ֮ǰʱһǶĿɿڴ
ڰҫǰĻίʵ˾Īһɢ͸Ļֱɢ֮¶ڸߴ׿⣬֪׵ĸǽǽ֪һͷӾﵱ𺳵ĲС
Ǹǽ֮ϣÿ׾һڴڰԲÿ඼һͺɫڲͣϵͼƣɢŵĺɫӫ⣬ԵĿޱȡ
߸ǽһſƾޱȣ˵ǰȺʵޱȣ覵ʯţߴʮ׿ʮף׹ⲻϵʱʱ֣һǷϢŰҫ
ǰǣʵҫ𺳵ĲУ¾ҲΪЦôܲɣҵĵˣǻøţøţһ˵㡣ӭ񶼵һҸһǹöƽǣұһ֮֮δʱҹˣҵ¾ţ
¾˫̯ͷ΢΢˫΢գһ˿־΢ЦڵŰҫ뾪֮̾
ѾͷҪȹô֪סôܲǧС԰ɣҫ˵¾Ŷͷϵ͹
ţ治֪ǰҲ˵񶼵ĹˣҪѺ죬Ϊ˼ΣʲôôװɣȻ˵ǼҲη˼ųסӦò̫ɣ˵ͷص¾Ŷͷϵٴ͹һ
ǾͺãĵνֻǳԲߣסãͺˣѾͷļʶӦñҶ֪࣬ʯţʲôͷôܹҫָȿʯţʵ¾Ŷͷϵٴ͹һ
֪أҫ磬ҵļʶ￴ģ񶼵һпȥ񶼺ӣҴԵúܾӦöǮɣеļŶԴص¾Ƭͷȫ͹
ţѾͷ˵еƬϹżǿһ۽أҪܻصУдʱأҫһĳص߿һЦ¾ͷϵбѳѪơ
סᡢܹӡʱЦô㣬ܲһңܲеŵգֳܱܲһЩ𾪵ıˣŲŽȥԺֱȹա¾ǺĭɽͷϵͲûƤˣˣͣİҫ
壡ʲôǽհҫͬʱʵ
¾ŲûһֱӻȥŰҫһûûεˣģǺ޲ҧһһҪзԸôȥġ
ֻǣհҫͬʱڣ׼صȼȨޣȨޣðҫڣԪװ칫һеطͨ裬ϹŽصȼ⣬κ϶Եģպͨ񶼡
¾ŵŰҫǸ֪ηı飬ҧҧŭϳǼٺúʰС
ͷҫһӣһ޿ֵ˳¾Ȼһ׶òǣǶ˶ܺĸо¾ŵֻѣûɱ⣬Ҳûж⡣
з򾳽֮ߣֶɱо·츳һ㣬ǶԷ¶һ˿һĸоᱻ׽ҲǾһССĸãʵãȴ˵Ҳеԭ
ٴϳ¾żݳǷŰɫӫʯǰǸǽϵȫ׼еѹȸУҫʶһʻϵĳ¾ǰ˰֣ö˷ɡ
ɨǰ״־Ĭ״̬ȴɨϣӷֽڣԶִйɨɹӭ£һӺϳǸǽϵȫתԭȵλãͬʱʯŴûǽ֮ڡ
¾һ߼ݳ￪ȥһ߿ʵǸСӣǽаҫ԰ɣ
ҫ˵ͷ¾ż˵ո˵ſܹǰɣô㣬ŵļֵɲֻǹѣֱ޼֮ķ棬ÿһÿһһڣûһڶʯŻ棬ܹʮȡ
ʯŵıʣ˵Ԫ״磬Ҳǵ磬һʯҲеʯʯƺҲǡѧԺǰϼһ˵ʯʵĹ֣ԴһֺرԴտռе΢ԪвϵԴ˵һӵԴʯͷ
۵Ӳ̶ȶߵĲ˼飬ʯҪӲ޷иڻԪԽָõͬѧԺЩԺʿĽи˵ӵһֺܲ˼
ǲԺֹܿԷѹе壬εεģԷѹֻҪʯŵĹܣҲӳȥҸ˸ǵţסô
⹦ͲҪˣΪԴǽԺҾʹûùô¼Ҳй¼ҲйڶͻƲˣͱѹˡԣʯŵôܣҲ֪Ҳ֪Ⱳӻûõϣ
ų¾һλҫ˵ͷʯſȥѾΪӳ¾ŵƽһǷζ
ֻʯŵûУ¾ЩѧԺԺʿǿе޵ܣҲҪһ²֪ˡȻ붼Ҫȥ룬ҫУҲ֪ͷҲǵҪСġ
¾һ˵Żһ߽ڲҫܣ˸ߴĸǽԼǽڲһ֮ɫ⣬ûκνˣһƬƽ̹Ŀյضѡ
¾Žܳһǰ׵ν֮ٴóǿ͸ƽ壬水˼֮󣬵ϵĽв㿪ʼ½
˸ˣĳزڵϣڵ£¾Żعͷ̾΢Ц˵


ڶʮ ãϵͳ
ⷽνʮȽǻ½¾ŵƺأһһ飬ҫʵڱѬòУֻʿ
ܲͣθߵĽǽڣҫֲʵĴУӥٿգƲ㴳ֱ֮һȺԲ̻䡣
ǧɸ߿յ׹䱣סҶ˵ʧɢܵһȺϹϮǳԼЩΪƼ
ͬ񶼣һ似Ĵڣ֮սսһðһᡢ¡¾ĿƲǿˡ
ֱ¾Ŵߣ˵ӵ֮Ƶģ񶼵һżԼȥ£ǡ
һеһУͷĿѣĸооܲʵȷʵţһ˲䣬ҫ˳Ĭìܵĸоܣִĸо
ʵҲְܹҫʲֻܶڵĿƼˮƽʵǳ̫࣬⵱еĲðǧݶٵˡ
˵缸ǷָΪͬ磬ߵĵ·ҲȫͬھһִĴУѾﵽһδеĳ̶ȡ
ǿԲҪ̥ģǿֱɨͫ׿ǮģǿԽӴ͵ģǿֱӽֵָģϷʱʵģǿԴܻ׵ģܳصġ
Ҳ˵ߵǿƼִ·ӣߵǹŴ·ӣ߲˵˭˭ͣ˭˭ֻ˵ߵ·ͬ˵ĸоȻҲͲͬ˵ֿƼȳǧˡ
˫ĿƼ̶ṹ֮ȫȻͬķ֧ʱ˫˴˵ʱ򣬾ͻһֹӽǡ
ߵӽ˵Ĺ佭磬ǣЩ似񶼵ĿƼ磬Ĺ佭ǣЩܷ߱ڣɽ似
Ȼ߿ԷĽ似̾ͻԽˣΪ˴ˣױ˴ˡ
ͱ˵ִᴩԽʷǰڻûӦǰỳԼΣĺԣΪ
ͬģһʷǰҰˣ⴩ԽִͬӰûӦʱһּȵĿֻų⣬Ϊס
ֵۣۣۣԼֺԣֻԯݣ˼άϵֱ۴ֻһ뷨Ǿų뻳ɡ
ҲǱȻĻᷢҫԼ͵ˣĻῪʼĺԣԼʵԣھϻһìܣһɵʶ˼룬򷢷裬ԲС
ڰҫ֮ʣǿƣһֻܷܷס΢Цڰҫǰҫ΢΢һЦۺߵ޽ǳҲã뻳ɣתº飬𽥵
ҫ磬֮֮ŶôûأɲҪ򵱳ɽׯʱһʶİҫ磡Ŷҫǰҫ磬ֻԼأЦ
ҫԺͻȻһ׹ǰʲôأôӹŵĸ⻹ôһĶΪһΪһ˳ȻͺôľԴԴڣ֪㳣֣
ҫ˫Խ̧ḧ˸Դ΢Ц˵Ѿͷллˣ
Цеĵ˵ͷŰҫ˫峺֪ԼĻһˣ֮ǰŰҫ㶵ԽԽǣԽԽͣʵеŵˣ˵ҲֻҽԿˣЧҲ
ҫһԼ֮ȻͬеǷãȻ޴档ľʥڣ뵽ʥڣٴһ㣬ƽ⿪еǷݽȻŲСı
Сӣ֪ҼЩˣڷ跢жôĳ¾ţûͷûԵһ䡣
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ȭص֮
һ˰ɣ¾һȦһ˵
ҫüͷһв⣬¾Ǵ򿪳ţָָҫķ˵СӣҲʲôǣ˵סģסԼģҲԼģסˣ
ҫ֮ǰѾһԻѣ¾ŵһ仰ٴȻʣ˵ǲʲôһ򵥣ʵ֮ĻǱκŴĻҪá
ĵ㲦ҫéٿҫмպʲôǲҫвӣ
ҫıȭһ񣬳¾ŵжرİҫ˵ľϵѣǴв֮
㻹˵һҪǲһ£ԣӦŶԣ¾΢Цص
ҫһۣ漴ǹһͬʱڵʾ£ҵȱϵ߾ȫ
¾ŵ˵ͷڵû£û£һһҲ֪ԪôģӲҪҰǵϵͳ˵һ飬ôڿʼͱ廰ˣ˵֮꣬˵ǼҪǰæ¡
ҫͬʱ˵ͷš
Ǿ񶼿ѧԺԺʿƺŵĿѧңͬнƵģһпƼɿѧԺǰֲŶо죬ҪָӲͶƱϿɣԪΨһһεĶרУӴԤ㣬һӶȫλ졣
еĶõģװĿƼ豸ģҲͬģѺķ٣ûһʡ͵ĵƣ׼ǶԵе̫ˣ˵ķ˼ǲ֮ˣԴӷ˵ǣԿԳƵ֮
ȵϵķʮʯžͲϸ˵ˣΪûùҲû˵幦ЧֻҪ俴շˣ
ĵǽʱƬյܸǽϵЩɫȫܶǹṹԭҾͲ˵ˣҲ˵Ϊ̫
ֻҪ֪ǱǹеĿ꣬ʹСΧʮ֣ҲνһߣⷶΧڵĿռ䶼ᱻסᶯã൱ڱһǵĵϵͳ
ϵͳܵĸǽڣЩǽõĽҫϵ˫ͬһֽ˵ѹƣʵʵֽԴһη䣬ʹ֫ţϾķҪӵصڶ롣
ڶǣϵͳĸı߿Դﵽٱ˻ᱻֱѹķǣʣͿԴﵽ˲佫תʧص״̬Ϊ˷ֹ˼屩ģʹǴ粽С
һϵͳķ˹ܻװˣͨÿһ߻ʱ޿̵Բɨ裬ֻҪһĿڵһʱѹĻǷ˵ʮ㹻ˣ
ڲϵͳ֮£ҲƵǹˣ淸˵ĳɹܰһжûУһһڲϵͳϸṹϸǵģԼȥɣ
¾˵֮ƽ̨ͣˣڰҫǰģһƬķĽ䣬ԶԶȥ


ڶʮ һأ岻ݴǣ
ǰȥ¾ʼ̲죬һߺСһǰȥϵİҫΧһߴ׳ҵȫʽ䣬Լǰͣ
Ѿ嵽мˣֻ֪ӿʮӣȴûеﾡͷЩķһ⣬ûУﵽ˾Էյĳ̶ȣηˡ
ǵηƷΪ㣬ȫùرյķˣڲʱ쿼ڵĹˣ񶼾䷶ΧĲ࣬Ҳʮѣǵİ鲻̫Ŷ¾ſ˵
壬ηһһ䣬һ䰡ʵ
ģ岻ǲ֪Ȥˣһһ䣬Ҳĳ˵ģС·һĵ̫ôôչ˰ɣ¾һƤЦĿŰҫ˵ЦҫҲͬʱһ죬Եúܲ˼
ӴЩ˰һôŤŤӣԺҪѧѧСŶͰþͺãʲôúߵģ˴మùܱôô󷽷Ĳ¾źЦ
ҫ·Ѫһ㣬Ӳ˼ˣֻҲó¾˵Ҳԣ˴మûˣ˴ԸֺǰŤ󣬸ҰҺޣŵÿ顣
ǣҫǿ͵͵ǣסʯҲĿ˰ҫһۣôǣš
ţǹ˵Ļ˵ͽӿɽҲ¾ٴκһЦ
˵ʵڵҲͦͰҫģòãǱŮֱǾ䣬һ춼ǲͣԽԽ˳ۣͬʱҲʶ
ôִŵĻĺӣҲô˰ɣ԰Ϊʲôôִء¾뵽ɫ΢Ȼ˦˦ͷ֮»ָǷ֮ɫ̣ȥ
Сʱ֮ܳʻη򣬳ǰһֱʮ׵Բ͸ԼһɫĽˣⲣΧ˸ˮйֻͨһֻһ˳ȱڣһԴӡ
ҫ³ʱȦĽˣ뻮һ̧ͷתŰҫˣͬʱֱ̧ۣ޸ָֿĴһ鵭ɫԲιĻۣ׼ҫˣ
棡ԽָΧʮڳʾ֤򣬽ģʽʼ뵹ʱʮšˡߡнˣͬĵӺϳ
¾ŶͷֱðΪŭѧԺǰϼһͲܼ򵥵һ벻ÿζҪһ飬
лʱĵĹĻҲԽԽŨң¾óƽ壬˼£׼һգлĵĹĻʧֱ۷£Ӻϳٴδӭ£
һ䣬лٴλصԼλãٶ¾ǳŰҫ˻˻֣ҫ˶һ̧ۣų¾ǰȥ
ǰ¾Žе͸ƽ벣ǰһԲΰڣǰ͸һõ̧ȥ뵽˲棬ͬʱڴ±ʵʵĲ档
ⲣĴ춥ÿһףһȦɫܹȦɢź⣬¾߰ҫˣĴЦ۾ȻµŶ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣Ҳֻ˵ʵڵļɫɫĿƼ֮ǰԼڵѾֲˣ¾żȻô˵ôҲֻܹԹ
ڰҫ˫֮һӺϳ͹Ŀصһż칫ңʼʮ뵹ʱʮšˡߡһͿʼ
Բβڣһ۵ĺһҫˣʧ١
һͬԲβڣͬȦɫ˲һҫ˵Ӱֶҫۣ࿴ű˴һĵµı飬ǿסθķڣԼֵĺһ㡣
ֻԸΥ¾һĶ˵ıţЦŸɶӶ𣬷İɣÿ˵һδͶ£ҲһԲ󵨵³ɣ
~~~~
ҫ£ææµµĹԱҲֻǿһҲǣԹԵæȥˣԼλͷ˾ûַˣͼֲˡ
ҫ˸ɾ֮˲ָ˹ߵʣ³´лĻָҲǼ죬¹һ󣬱ް
ŤͷܣʱܵĻѾȻһŰ칫ţÿһŰ칫ǰһŮÿ˶ͷϵĻ治ͣİʲô
ԪףɸҵԱе¶Ǵˣ⵹ҲеúܣһƲɣɣȥҵİ칫˵˵㣡¾İҫļ˵ǰȥ
һ·޻ЩһĹԱ࿴˰ҫ˼֮⣬Ҳûʲôϵ鷢
ҫ¾ŵİ칫֮󣬳¾ָָĿ칫ǰΣԼǴֵڶ˶ϡ
ҫ֮󣬳¾ԼԱҫ˳裬㿪ʼ⣺Ƕ˵϶Ѿռȫˣ¯һԣһԣǾ䡣Ŷ¯ǹνЩȲҪʣ˵£֮ǰҲ˵ˣȷмҪ˰æ
壬ֱ޷ģϵ߾ȫҫ˵ͷڻصߵҲͬͷʾû顣
ǹо仰һʤ߼ǰɣôи˵ֻܾأ¾ŵһ̣˵
ɷ˵ľһ㣬ҫ磬ҽ֪Ӧôȥȣʾ¡ѯʵ
ҽ豸κĻôֱӽ޸־ˣǣԹһöûУΪҪȵˣͬҲǹˣ¯һ⣬Ǳ𹲴ԣǱʧˡ¾ŵıüΪ࣬˵
ҫͬʱüͷһ壬¯Ҳ˵ʲôڹͻЯʲôԣڹķţë𹲴棬Ҳʲô¡
ǱͬڵԹҪסһ΢ƽ⣬ܴﵽݻϢĳ̶ȣһԵһ֣һ֣ᵼܿƵҴܡ
Ϊڵı޷ƽ⣬ǶûеطйֻžȥҴܶһ˾ģصʱпȫѣѪ壬ܲסǶĳֻһǾǱĶ
ҫľğo˪һ֮һֻ֮ҪӦÿԽǸ˵
ʵ˳֮ǰѧԺǰԺʿϰַȥΣֻǷǵûãԽӵأÿ죬ƲסǱʧӳͻ񣬲ܿƵȥߵˡ
Ϊ˲˼޹ֻܽѹصˣֻʣˣǣ񶼶ҪǶ˵ĳ֣Ҳȷ֤þҲֻǶȥˣôæǰô
¾˵֮󣬰ҫһۣͬʱȭһ
岻ݴǣ


ڶʮ Σʮɣ
ҫǰľ޴ĻеңͣĻƵѧĶӣûҫѧϰйڵһпƼ֪ʶ߼ֳ豸ļá
һſ۸񲻷Ƶŷʽǰһߺſȣһ߻ϵ͸ƽ壬ҫһͬҲѧϰһڰҫѧϰĶҪܶˣ˵йػеѧ֪ʶ
ԴӴӦ¾ž֮󣬾ͱӵηڣճ¾ŵԭ˵ܵõĴɲʲô˶ܵģҲǰҫӦ˵ıɣ
Ȼ΢֪¾ϲûԸ֮ҫֵĺܲΪȻɵηڵĲװκ󣬰ҫˣ¾Ҳǿһء
һһһףռܹʮƽףִļҵһӦȫһװ˿ŷʽ񻨳󴲣ŷʽƤɳ輸ȫŷʽůͷƣмҾߵһţݻּԼ
Ȼ󣬵ǲõľװεľϸޱȣԵܰһۿðģһֲ˼ģҫ֮һı顣
ҫǲ֪ηʲôӵģó¾·µ˵ǣѾ߼ηڣܹļ䣬Ҳ֪һֻû˾ס
ҲǣֲǼ񱣬˭и߼Ƶ꣨ջסûܵסͳ׷˲пӣв
ôҫܣ֮ǰĻ˵ԵúסúþˣҲ죬һ˳Ȼܷɵʱ򣬾Ҫú÷һ£ɳе
ȻԸõģֻãηһ죬¾ҪһϵڵĳϣʲôṹѽƼ豸زŰĳʸ漰ﵽĵز
Щܵϣȫ뵽͸ƽϣ͸ҫѧϰ֪ʶ˹ƿһ궼꣬˵ѧˣϾĳЩ֪ʶ㿴֮󣬾ܶģҪͣʵȥᵽеİ
ˣƽ֪ʶѯӴޱȣ¾֮ˣʼﵽܲô֪ʶ
¾ŻСѧϰַĴתٶȣֻѣѾڽٷ֮ʮϵĳ֪ʶԼһЩĹܡ
˵ʵڵĻһڵĳ˷һĹˡʱѾʼڵĿƼѧϰ빮̡Ƚ϶ԣҫϲϣͬ죬ҲѧһЩ豸öѡ
ȻЩ˵ҫǸ׳գֻ˵ҫѧϰչһͨ˸е츳ⷽ츳ѾԽͨ˵ʮٱֹ
ҫȻѧҲĻ˵ҫֻҪһЩƼ豸ӦãԼʲôôͿˣҪ֪еԭṹ˵ǹеҪ۰ģǰǿȥ
ҫҲһνģϾҵר˴֮óͲͬȻǸ£ܵķӳԼóһ棬ҫóս棬óѧϰ档
Զ֮ҫ˾ͳʱúòΣԺǾҪһȽΣյν֮֮£ȻӦ˱ȻҪȫԸ
ҫпɳϻƵǰ̨ʮĸ߱ҺӣѾǳ¾Żĵ̨ӣӰҫΪ֪νĵʲôܣ沥ŵһƬðҫΪԼܵ˹ֱһȭ֮󣬰ҫͿʼϵظ̡
ֱһ̨̨ǰ̨ӣðҫ˵ɱ֣Ҳûٱ¾ᣬӦ˹ֻ۾ŵӣȴԼպľ֮١
Ѿͷ˵˵ǸˣʲôͷֱԵڹķأҫ°ͣƵʵ
ҫ磬㵱ܹ֪δ֮°οвͬͬʱڹķȻϡ٣Ҳûдﵽëǵĳ̶ȡ
֪ľʮ֮࣬׾񹦵ȵȵȵȣǶһѯûУ֪ڹķǱ⣬һ֪Ҳ𲻳أ
ֻһһˣȿıڻ˥Ǳʢˣǰߣ㸨ǺߣҸ֮˳Ȼɣ
һڿȣͷҲ̧Ļصǰеѧ֪ʶ۽磬ԭνĻеҲãλ˵ʵ治١
ȻҶĻؿܽ￴ĻüֵǱԼҪ߳ɰǧֹ
ΪνĻеѧֱǻؿܵķ棬ֻ˫õĺͬѣһõܶܽпƣһˣڽṹǸޱȡ
ѾͷЩҩһҺ壬ôúô
ʲôҩѽҫ磬пȣԵŶ
ҩ񶼵ľЩʲôʲôϱȽζһ㡣
ҫ磬
Ѿͷʲô˼

ǵһ㣬Ǽƽ׵ĸ߼ηڣ¾Ŷȣһųɳϳ̣һԵĳ꣬ϸŰҫϣҲߴ٣ôһҳһҳԤš
壬㻹б£ļ֮o˪ļֶܱ֮ҵ񶼻Ұ꽫еƽŻϣһ裬΢Ц
ӣôӣԪףΪûѧԺǰԺʿҲ뿴һҷգ񶼵ʧжôܲأ¾ڻص
ʧʲôʧҸ˶ҲˣҲһɣ˰˵
治֪Ǽٲ֪Ҳ֪Щʲôҩһֻ㲻ˣһ̱һ̱ڶû˸ȥˣңǸϵͳѾ̶Ļû㲻еģ¾ε̾Ϣһ˵
ûҲУҿﾡã˳ĲŶԣҽң˳£ǿ˻ԪףԪףһ˫񰡣аһЦ֮УԴһֲм֮⣡
ôСɣǳǵڣȥôˣҲ÷ˣ¾ĿԴ⣬ƺڣǸ⣬Ʊˣһ£ǰٰζͷ
£Ǻǣ˶ǰӵгģЩ䣬ҷŲ£Ҳϲˡˣ˵ˣ˴˷٣Ҳ̸ʲôŲˣмɰգҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
˵ʮɣô
Ǿo˪ϵĹţ
ţǾʮɣ


ڶʮ ػأȲ˾ɱ
ӵܴﵽǧ̶ȣ¯ܣÿ̶ȽӲԷֲһִѾﵽȫǵĳ̶ȣԷ˵ʵλѴﵽ׸ߵȳ̶ȡ
һɫƷ۾УĿбӵĿϵļӽǣͬʱߵĳ¾Žл㱨¾ŵ˵ͷ˼뿪һµİ칫ȥ
ӽڣһǰȫյĽڣҫ˫Ŀϥڵ֮ϣڵת񹦵İŭοˣӿȣѭ֮ƣ߱ȫ
ܣһɴУϯǽڣ԰ҫΪģ·Ϊ˻ĺ󣬲ͣתţʵޱȡ
ҫڵľһ죬һѭţԼľȷ뵽ʥڵĵزٴαû񾫴Ծ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⡣
ӵĺѴﵽһٶȣ¯ڲͣĽºÿ̶ȽӲԷֲһִﵽȫ°ٷ֮ʮĳ̶ȣӽǣԷ˵ʵλѴﵽеȽӽߵȵĳ̶ȡһԱһĻĻݣ˵
¾ẉ̂˵ͷڵ˵ؼ¼ȫҵİ칫ȽԺ󣬻лġ
¾˵֮ͷҲصԼİ칫ȥԱֵļػ棬ͬһ䣬ϯضɡ
Ŀգÿһ³һ˿İɫܣֳһõʸС
ڟo˪ٽڰ ĹϵתɢĵҲԽŨʸиǲͣļo˪ĺңȴ
ڵ¶ȣҲڲϵĽͣѾ°ٶȿ⣬ʱýһˮ¶ȶߣ¶һ֮ڽɱ
죬ǰҫǼĵ죬ڳӵҹģϵͳ˵ҲֱܹҹԼʱϵš
յ峿ܹ߻ʱ¾Ž˷ֿڣҽ⿪Ƕϵ¯ᡣ
ڶ˵ĵ⿪֮󣬰ҫһ˲оˣǾ;ΥԼٴδɵǣȻڲͬķڣȴ·Ӧһ㣬Ĭͬʱϥʼתڵ
ԽԽԽԽڶйһ֮ڵĸڣ¾ŵˣ˵ĻǾҰ칫ҰɣҪȵǸˣһһЩҪǡ
һ䣬ҫͬʱ˫Ŀǰһ˫ͫĻۿɢ֮ͫɫĺ۽ǲƶһգ»ص֮ڣ漴΢΢һЦſȥ
ҫǣ֣¾ŵİ칫ڣ˰ҫϵ⣬˲ûб´ǿԷᡣ
Ҳǳ¾ŷԸģΪðҫһ죬סѵ״̬Աܹõ¡
һ˵Ѿðҫ˶Գ¾ŵĴ·ʽ࿴ƽʱһëë꣬κﶼ鷳ǷԸ񣬿һǵˮ©˼ܵĺܰ
ҲǣΪҪһȻܽһӹ¾ȻǸɢϤ˶ֻ֪Ҫе¶ܱ׵Ҳһز¶֮
ʱڳ¾ǰİҫ״̬ǺõĲٺãŵ΢ЦԿжϲֹ»صԼеĸо
Ϣƽȣ˫ʱʱľתһģͬʱƣǽǶ˵״̬չֵľȣе䲻Ůףҫ״̬Ѵﵽ۷̬֮
Ǻã⾫ԼʱԭѾȥô˰¾ſŰҫ΢Ц˵ֻЦݣҫеĲֻĽʶѣһ˿޵˸С
˵Цˣֵ꣬ЩСǳأ뾭Щ˱ҪȥѧĶأЦ
еǧƨһĵǡôҲĵó¾ŻĲѣЦСѾͷ˵⻰˵ĺţˣл˵Ǽмְգ
˻һҫһۣͬʱ΢΢һЦεҡҡͷҲ֮ǰ۹ģȨҫҫڻص壬Ƕ֪٣֪Եڹʧ⣬һ֪мְջ治˵һֻܵȵʱ
¾ŵ˵ͷһ̣ҲǹˣӣҲν飬һϲͨ˵ݱȽ⣬Ҳ˵̫࣬ҲֻܾˣһӦң
ҫ˵ͷص壬˵޷
ȲˣǾɱ¾˫Ŀһһ˿ɱ⣬Ϊ˵
ҫüͷһ壬⻹һθܵ¾ŵɱ⣬ɱȻǵȴһɼΪ˵ɷ֮·ӵ⸫߹һ㣬˲
Ҳ׾˼ҫüͷص
ʵⲻһ˵˼ͬҲ˼˵֮ʱ˻һ״̬ʱһĿҴһ仰ǣǾȲǾɱ֮ǰһ̣˼޹¾Żص
ҫԺ̾ϢһŤͷ˿ߵҲһ֮ɫҫҲֻܵͷӦе壬ǾΪǣ
ʵڱ˵Ǵ־壬ΣգǶ˵ܲõĽ°ɣˣǻȥɣúϢҴȥڵصȼңʱʲô⣬ɣ°˰ֿ˵ҫҲͬʱȭһ֮󣬱뿪ֻ³¾һˣŸ߱Σ
СĶˣܹܲأҪˣϣӲһɣкܶµء
գҫվһ߸Ľǽǰǽںһ࣬ÿģ˸оޱȣǽ񷶥֮һɫ˫Ŀϸͦεڶǰ
Ӵμ棬ҽһ£ҽտҪ鷳λһ̣ȭҾһ
ҫһ㶣ͬԱ֣ǰȥֱ߽ǽǽڵһʱǽڿʼ¡


ʮ аȭ׶룡
ҫǽ֮ǽڵ£һƬƻͨĿҫ⣬һнǧƽңһȫ׽ɵܷС㳡
ҵ壬Ӧö˵˰ɣЦŰҫ˵
ҫ΢΢ҡͷڻصܴǳֻ֪ڵıʧ޷湲ڣ֪Ǻڹķ֮ҵҲΣ֮ʱ֢ҩ
˵аȭôʵ
ҫҡҡͷʾ֪ȴü΢壬ԭаѹʧˣ
Ѿͷ֪ⲿҫʵ
ҪѧʶһٸҫƶȲһϾǶһѩѱʥŮղصĲţֻúݡ
Ǽ֪֪ʶѩѱĲ鶼ѱһ飬ܶˣҲֱ֪ڳڵ⣬û֪ģҲ⡣
˵ͷ˵ѩѱڵĲ¥паȭ죬˵һϹžаΪһ죬һͣߣ֮ͬãȭȿ죬ֽʯУ֮ǿÿɽѵݶ֡
κ֮쳣գ֮һϹžڹķ߻ħļҪ߳ٱֹв¸зпܡ
Ȼ沢棬ֻҪгɣڣͬ۹ãǾǿȣѰϹžڹķǿһ࣬а֮Ҳ֮
˵ͷ˫ĿҪ򣬸һָĪĸо˵֮Դһ˿Ц⣬ڲаȭһѧ̸ޱȣҲǷѾţ֮һ˲䣬ŽɣֻǣΪ̫ǿʤŻᵼţëˣ
Ǵӵ쿪ʼĲӰɣ˵죬Ҫ𾢽ȱֽб죬ҪѰһٶȵļ֮Ǳ֮ף½Եں׸ѹֱ磬湦ɡ
һ죬Ͳ֪˶֮ˣϾǿٶȵļ֮ñֵ֣Ѫżӻãһʱͣ²ᱻֱӶС
죬ֽл죬󽫱ںϣԱ캮壬ǧ¯֮࣬ɸȻΪã̼ڻ
޳֮ٷУû𾢲ͣڵľųɱʣһٽıΪãﵽѭ֮ƣвͣظáɹ߿ɱΪã⽻档
ȻΣճ̶ȣ컹Ҫգһ㣬ǳһ˿һתƫᵼֱӱ¯ٳɽ̿Ǳ
ҫһŤͷ˿һνֱԲУ¼Ȼյڹ֮Լľ񹦣аȭԵޱˡ
ҫʼĵˣʣԼҲҪ֮⡣ͬʱкǣʲôĶеȥֵĹҲһβΪ֪Ĺȥ
˰ҫеľ⻹ֹŶҿ֮Իʧ֮ʱڱδﵽأӶʹԵѭһ˿϶»𶾺ַ϶֮УγǱڵ˵죬ҲãΪѭ֮Գͣ˿϶Ҳɴڡ
ڻ𶾺ϵĽ£Ȼĳʱĳ壬ÿ嶼ǰһңʱһѪ޷øɣıǹѪҪķûҸҫһһз϶ĽֻǱĶ
žžž
ĹصƬ㳡֮ϣ΢Ц˵ȫУʱ˿ҵ壬Ѿǧٿף;ƿݵĵزѾһ죬ӦҲҴ˰ɣľȲңǾɱҰɣ
磬ҪôȻѾ֪ĹҲѾŪˣôҲδûأҸҫĹöԿڣֻ㣬ҪܵһĿŶЦ
޷ֻҪܸҵССܱȵаȭʱôʲôʹñǣ˼ҡظҡҡͷ΢Ц˵
˹΢Ц˵
һ㶣üͷ𣬵ǵ˵ȷôڶ˹ˣһ˹Ͼͻᷢ񲣬Χһ޲𹥻˵ʵڵģҷԼأ
ЦҪȷѽ״̬ʮ㣬ڵѭ֮ƣ쳣ǿǵڣᱻзǿ룬ֻʵ䷴Ū̱Ҹҫ绹Աͱˡ
ҪȫԸҫսһȽڵıĵһ͵㣬һ飬Ҹҫܸ㣬ֻܽڵγҫ磡Ҫ㿩
һЦ԰ҫʵȻʵ˽ⲻ㣬пıаȭ죬ǵ죬԰ҫİӦҲֻ࣬أеˣҫҲǳ˲Сͷ
ҫͬʱ˵ͷףĿԣ˴֮Ǳȭһȿڵţ֮⹦з֮ͨ쳹֮ܣҼ֮Ҳˣ
֣ˣҫѧղԶԶûдﵽ̶ֳȣҫǫھ𣬰˿Ż˲ͣʵһա
΢ţԵ΢죬ҫ;ͽ˰ĹʵĿ࿴
˿ԭԽʢİҫ΢΢ͷһͣѹʮȽıֱ
˫һǰһ΢ۣǰǮʳָıֱĴָʳָһ ָڣָڿۣ˫ֳɵͣƽڽʸߣȻ죬˵ľ˷츲صı仯
ܰں֮ǱۣҫʱǰһڣѾֻѣһֻɱ۶ʵһ׶롣
ҫҷһսоԴıȭ׻ȭȷŲ㼸֣Ǿսʹ죡
ҫ˵ͷЦ֣ҫȴ֮ˣ룡
ҫһ䣬ֱԷȥ


ʮһ ս룡籩
顱
ҫڵֱײڽǽ֮ϣݽǽһ࣬Ǻһ׶ĽǽֱӱײıͣҫϢһϣһһֻıɫ룬ǰ֫
ҫ˫Ŀһɣ˫һڣһԲת̫ǳͼת֣޾жǱɫǣĶᣬβΣƲơ
Ųƣ
뱻ޱߵж֮·ת֮ʱҫ׼ʱһƻɽ𾢼һ㣬ӿۣʵһĻŭһ׾ٵĽɢǰֱ塣
ŭƿ񱩣֮߱࣬ʮֵͣڰҫΪԷѹ֮ʱǰһƬȭӰȭ׶׻ڣǵأʵޱȣҫֻĿԼĻ׻֮ȭҵķֱ
׻ȭڹƻŭ֮ȥδ֣ͺҫǰܲ͸׻ȭӰҫüͷһ壬˫ƻâŭΣ;ףǹɴϵâƻȪһ㣬һʰ
룡
׻ȭӰչޱȵײƬ㳡֮Уʱâȭ·䣬ײܵĽǽ֮ϡһˣ紺棬ֹסɢ
ãԷƷҫû뵽ĹʽѾﵽ˵¯֮սֱٳӦ޿ޣʵǺõĺܰ˵ܾ͵õңôɣҪͣʱԽãҵֻԽļӾ磬ҲҪ֣ȫԸǣ
һЦŭףص㳡֮ڣ˫ĿƤǳһƬҪƤ˿ȥƣ޶ޱȡ
ÿһһ룬֮࣬Խֱӣˣ׵İҫһԹսܸоòֻòѣԽԽǿĿ񱩹
ҫȻ룬ȥʱһ£ҫѾս˾ʮ࣬ƺ񲻳ʵϣʮѾǧвֹ
ͬʱҫҲԽԽľÿһһȥԽ񣬹ûнһ㲻ͣҲԽ׺ݲ飬֮ǰҫΪûӦԷһ˲䱩Ĺݺݵĺɡ
ʱ޿̵ıǿܲҫΪˣһЩ򵥵ĳʶǻ֪ġ
ǾأܹƽʲôֹĹһЩڹķҲֻǶвһӵʱ䣬ʱһԭΣϢҲյһ̶ȵģʱ޵Ļܻ˵
ֹĳ̶ȣɲʲô£ҫûܽǹĹɹйĻôֱӻᱻĹŵñը
ˣбѭ֮ƣѱ֮ң̼֮࣬ڴ̼ԣ̼޷֮ʱ٣ԻֱӱҲǱɡ
ҫһص棬ڷѪƽϢ˫üһ壬ǰԼŭĿӵ
ʱ˵ѾͳѪĲӣ߻ѣ࣬ݺ͹վڰҫǰһͷһ㣬ѹȸΣոУֻĸݡ
ҫ磬ҪӿˣʱϢȻԽԽǿʢݹ޷ܣѪƤ˫ĿԿûǿԣȥģ˫ۻĿע˵ǰľѾʼе㳬ƿصķΧȥҲȥˡ
ҫ˵ͷھתǹɴ𾢣Ե쳣ĳң˵Ļһ㣬Եɷ
𣡡
һŭ𣬴ʱ˿̵һͷ˷Ұޣһ̤棬һ󶶶汻̤һСİۣӴֱҫȥգ֮ѵǰ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ԷӴȻٶȣʵ𾪲СǾþս䣬ǱȰҫԼԻҪ죬һͣƶ׼ĵﴦȥ
ֳɵ״ֵһһҫһƴƫ˵θǱǹǿľתȦ׶һЦֵ˲һɨǱɫһҵķֱ֮ȡҫ
ȭף
һǳɣûаֵˮȻӴʽϣԼ̶ȣȴɲ֡
ȻҫҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣֻ˫ĿһݰתƲ𾢻Уһʱصܲ͸磬һлȥ
ƣͰ
оԼĵͬͭǽһ㣬ð֣ͬʱһɾҵʹдһһ˫ֳ֮ƣ缲磬˫˦һȦУ׼ҫĻͰնҪƺɢ
ȭȦ
ҫۼƣҲУԴԴͰתͣƷΧͣļӴеĻȦо֮⣬ϵѹȥ
˫ĿԽĳ죬ƣѾʼתΪɺ֮ɫٴոǿ࣬Ƿĳ̶û˿ǿԣ͹ת˰֮ɫ
𣡡
ڶα׺ƥִֵž͵Ļƣ֮һлǿֹһֺݺһΣǻͰķ𾢣Ʋһ㣬ӲĹοһڣͰķ֮ƣ̼䱻ƿ
ȭľ
ݻٰҫķ֮ƺֵֿ磬Űҫͷ£ҪҫһΪʱУǰлﶼǵˣѾȫûʲô֮֡
Ҳ֮ǰΪʲô˵Ȳɱĳ̶ȣѾû˼ǿԣ߲ǻﻹĶ󣬷ˣԲΡ
ڣ
ҫһȣֿ磬籼ףһץץסһ˦ͬޱȣץʵ˫˾ڵľŭӿ˳˫ֱȥ
ҫԼ񾫴İıԺģĶԷıʧȥֻʣҰްֱҲʶĵڵıӿҫľжԳ塣
һӴֱӱһ񱩵ϯܣֻ˻ǿᣬҫǶޱȡ
ҫɫؽҧϵ麹ͣĵǿҳֹĻ𾢣յķ񺿽С
һ˲䣬һٻӰƷһ˫ֱıţһɱޱȵĺԴԴڣԭǿ˶ʱУǿγɾơ
ͬãͣҷӳаһ˫ֽţȵ
ҫһǰһļл֮ƣ˺ѷεŭ֮Ƭ㳡籩ŭͿֲ㳡ͣ


ʮ λսҲ
ǳ¾ŵĶ칫ڣʱĳ¾СŵĽһСƴͼ֮һƴͼͼ֮С
ϸ΢Ķר־ƺһΰĴ٣Ȼһɵľƴͼƴ˲ʮ֮ࡣ
ǣÿһƴͼһ̣ᡢ˼ÿһζôôĿ̹ġ
ƴͼ軭һŮ΢Цͷ񣬽𷢱ۣݰף˫ͫ籦ʯǵ͸ĶҲһĻ䡣
ʱ䳤߻صôԶľ룬صݺݵĳ鵱ʱԼһ⣬ȻǸʱεԼൽŮǰǸʱεԼ˵֡
¾ŽеһƴͼƴϣһƴͼҪƴʱһԭƴ͵֮һͼΣȫ߸֮ͼͼɢԭΡ
¾ˣǿƴͼʼ΢Ķ漴һŭİ칫ڱǰֱװһ㣬İ칫ĹԱĤʹͷۻϵˮһء
Ǹ˭˭˭赽ô£TRϽļ̶̳ȱʯϽҪ߳һٸٷֵ㣬ûĽ׽λʵһ˿һܣ׽λսôûûˣҪҷֹ̲Ⱥ˵͵ϣӻǣ
¾Ŵ򿪷ţԤ׵ָһԱŭݵƿڴԱȦˣԵе޴롣
ʲô㻰أŲҵȥɨ㣬Ծ㣬ϸһ㱨һ£ôһ£˸ҸԼȥ¾ָԱһȡ
ܵ˺ޱȣôɨôȫԶϴȵ涼ɾĵö࣬ԼλBOSSһôûԼȻżҲᱻŵҲǼֲˡ
ָĹԱһڣ֮ǰŭҲǾһ£ҪƽһƱϵ۾ڻصͨԵݷУҫܶӳ׸ߵȣСеȣӹɣ
¾˫ĿһɣһϱЦðɣ̲˵ǣƽʱڱĵطˮ͵һҲˣξȻ͵ϼͷˣãʵǺõĺܰ
ǹ̲͵صȼҵĽ㣬ѾʮˣTRϽܶȣǵûһļ٣ҪԭĽƻ˶ʮٷֵ㣬ܴأԱյĿڽ͵
ôãɱǹԳˣȻҿҪɱѧԺ¾°͵ĺ˵
ѧԺƳôһǹʱȵԻҪ򱶵봦ЦҪ̫òãҪѧԺҪͷˣԪʮָӹһأǾ͹ˡ
ҲǹԳ˵ʵսʱĲָǱλȼѣԱĵĽ͵
ѣжѣ⻹ǹԳ㲻׼ô𣿡¾üʵ
ģ˵Ĺ¯սʱǿһ˲תʱλȼģҲǿѧԺڼ¼ģ
ȻְֻڵһЩС˵ҲпŶΪɣ൱սʱ¯ʽڲͬ˵Увͬһ
ͬڲͬУݱȫͬĸоһĵҵ۵õ֤ʵŶӹµóÿ˵ۺʵ׽λȼĽ׵͵ٽеȵָ
ԣ˱սѾӰ쵽TRϽĽṹˣǣ·ģͨݼ⣬صȼҵķԴﵽĽ׸ߵȵȼȻαҲѺۣںһ׶TRϽ£𣬾Բƿ𶯶Ҳģ
¾űһƳһԱļĻĻڵӽǣһƬڵڸǣһӱ߽ǵĻʾȻصȼҡ
¾ſһ֮˫ĿĶԱһ麹֪񣬵Լλͷ˾ʱԷֻһٲ㣬һǷҡֱϣƽƣϣԼǺ߰ɣ
ʲô֣ʲôְλ¾ŴϬޱȵ񣬿ʵ
٣ݼС飬ԤԱտʼ¿ڣ£Ա˫ָȻ̧ͷͦ˵
¾ŵ˵ͷԴ֮ɫڵոյķܲúøɣڿʼʽԱˣԤ¾Ͳˣֱת֤ɣ
Ϊ֮һ˫һ֣ȭأһ¾Լ˶ҪĿںţ죬޵лΣ
ܺãȥæ°ɣ¾ŵ˵ͷ˵תԶĴͨȥ
ٴʱ飬ǸϲԼȻ˼ݣԼһСطʵɣǵ˰Ž֮󣬲֪ʲôˣ죬˼ʶҲ۽磬ǵĹԱȣԼνʵɣʲôǡ
ڼţǲҪ̫࣬ԼûŵȥʱʵϰģҪͷ˵ңңڣ˵ãһߴҪǣҲǺпܵġ
õ˳¾λǣBOSSʶһеţ˷ذֻҪԼúñ֣ƽƻóôԼĿģָտɴ
ΧĽʺ޵Ŀ£΢£˭ûй۲쵽£жһöķĽƬڰ칫ĵײƬһεɫĹâͣ˸š
һ֮󣬲»ص˹״̬ʼͷϵ
¾ͨռ䴫ͣŵµɫһգ֮䣬¾űصȼҵĴ֮ǰ
ڳ¾վӣһ֮ʱڵһأٴαһҵ𶯣¾ޱĽصȼҵĴŲš
ʱ䣬ӦҲнˣǳǰܣҪˣѾ˰¾һ̣һߵͷ˼š
ڳ¾еȼʱһ΢ĶǰǺһ׵ĽŻ𣬲ʮֶѣŵķ϶͸һ㵭İɫ
¾üͷ΢壬֮ǲɫʼ𽥵ĵȥǰһƣ̬΢İҫ߳
壡Ҳҫ˫Ŀƣ̬˫΢̧𣬱ȭһĿ˵һԵҲƣ̬ԣһЦ˵ͷ
¾˫Ŀһеİ̵ڵϣ˴˼ӣҡҡͷ΢΢һЦ̾СӣþȻȥǾͺúûţʣµ·ɣ
壬ҫ֣Сã˷飬ˣպԸ౨


ʮ ˣָӹǣ
峿һ̣һ٣ڵͨ˵µһ첢û̫𣬸ϰϰ࣬ѧѧȫظǰһѣûʲôر
Ƕ¥İٲ˵ǸѵõĴӣȨ޽Ԫ֮µʮλָӹ٣ϻĴӡ
ǰٲ֮£ææµµԱûʲôĵΪϻʲô˲õƣԵ˾ռߣһдӼĲټ򣬳˶һЩװīıֺ⣬Ķƽ졣
Ȼ˿ɲһִϵıֵĵȷȷкţûʲôߵȨޣƽʱʱͨϰûʲôǾΪǵƽԳǵĲƽ
ûְһĿڲԱҲֻңһЩһжҲ˶٣񶼵װ˵ǾţһëĴڣ֪˶֪治Сǡ
Ǻأǳأͺǵһˣɫʹδ֪أس̶ȴﵽصȵȼĳ̶ȣﵽһĳЩԱ֪ŵĴڡ
ڵÿһ˵ϵ˱־ֳʮָӹǣԼ񶼵쵼Ԫ֮⣬κ˶ûȨеģǳκ˶ûȨޡ
ڳʮУ˵ǵʺšǵһֻ֮ҪִһǾֻҪͷǲΪʲôʲôֻһжϡ
ǲǻˣʵ࣬Ҳа𣬵УеһжȲҪȲҪ
Լȫ⣬ֻҪһǻȥѡּϴϴһƬհ׵ַҪ鹦صı־ֳˡ
ȻΪԱʵҲǺҪģԴһ˵˵֣ѧԺѾ˵ۺʵһ׼ȷÿ˵ʵĽ׸ߵȡ
ʲôŵҫ˳Ծͷ䳲жӣ˵ֻҪһ˳һ̵ʱڣȫû
ûһ㵱ųʱ䳲ʵģսУʮεģսĿõġ
ǽϻУκֻҪŵ˺ָӹǱԼϻ޷ճУһ⵽ǵĻԴκˡ¡
ȻָӹԼǵǹܣΪҲϻٿĻ֮һ
˵ʱ˿ǰٲõʮϣǻУʮָӹ٣ѾһƬһоåһ㣬ȫ˼󣬻ŭĭɡ
ڻڼ䣬׼ЯԼҪYT002ᣬǽϵƤЬԼϵϱ
һͷëĻƤͫ꣬Դһᣬһ׳ˮЦͣĿǰŭڵ׳ҧгݣŭĿԲģǺ޲ҧһ
ͥ꣬ʲôƨ˵Ҫʮʮ㵱ʲô͵RTϽװףӶ˿ѧԺǰһ죬ĥӲģһ仰˵ҪҪ㵱Լ˭Ԫû˯ѣ͸һȥ˯죬úԣ׳˫۵ɵúͭСƿڴ
ǽҲգǳŵľϵϱһˮַǳŵĴǰڴУó׽˲죬˵עȣǵЩϴֻ֣ˤˣһʿȶûУİָܷӹ٣Ҳû˵һҪʮⲻǸ
ƨ˵Ǵϴ֣ûҾǴϴ֣ôذɣһǻģҲ֪ǲǴѵҾͰѻˣҪʮTRϽװûУװеǣҪҸ٣ľͲˣ
׳ӻóһѩѣһͷȥȼ֮³һŨص˵ֻǴӽԽԽıԿ׳ⷬѾе㼤ŭˡ
ڽ껹û֮ʣߵһۣжַ̺ӣЦָܷӹ٣ǾɲҪռԼƴ󣬾ͿݲˣʮRTϽװףôѧԺԺʿǩôô˵˼˹̹ɭԺʿʱĴǵģôĴĴ棬ʹǵĶˣ
ĴҲãǵĶҲãֹƨ£¹˹ǰأҲһݰҾˣϽװ׸ãõЩְļһȥչǵҾߣǲ֪ν
˵׳ߵһƽͷӣ˫ɭȻӿʱͷҲ̧Ķźַ˵רĵƽϵϷ
ȻﾡãôãͲҪˣָӹ٣ںַߵһ壬˵
Ӵ˻ԽԽ࣬ж˿ϽװˣģҾͻ󣬼ҿȡ֣ҿ滹࣬㲻˵ҲˣȻԣʧ䣬ǲҷŲţھҪÿ
ƽͷӣɲ̧ͷָͣĻƽϵϷĻԽ˵ԽǽûصϷƽݺһˤ棬վָ忪ŭȵ
΢΢һ㶣ƺʲôһ֣ڳЦǼ¿ɹֲңʵܽ޷˭Ĳµǵģ㲻̣Ұ̿ҿһƬѽ˵ˣǾ˲һӲѽ֮Ҳûȱ첲ѽ
һֱߵĺַͷЦǶ׳ƽͷͺһ˶ɵģ
ǾˣҲֲܣһ칫һƨ̴ļһ˼ЦôôƤǰ칫ҪŻҪǺúѧϰѧϰأ
˷Ц֮࣬һɤżŨĲм֮⴫˶УһòŮӣ򿪻ҵţǳɤ֮ڡ
Ůһţ׳һϲĿ˿ǰһŭݵˣڷ̵ã˵Ƥȣǰλǰǿɶ쵱ƤĺˣҪǶȡȡѽ
ܴ磬˵СһúѧϰģŮһЦһӯӯһյһҡڣƽͷߵλôֵ£ߵͷʾ⣬ŮҲǺܴ󷽵ĵ˵ͷ
ţ仹ᣬոΣ˵Ҫעִ磡ͥ˵
ôˣָӹ٣Ҳָӹ٣Ȩһϻ飬ֻҪָӹپɵȨôĽʺ޵Ľô׳ܷЦ
ָܷӹ٣˼ҲǺģ̽ôΪ˴ѣҲò˼û˵һ仰һñӿɣôСôָӹַٰӰ¹˹һЦ˵
̣̽̽ڱտھǽָ̣ӹٵȨһƾʲô˰㵱ԼԪװ뷨òֻҪţϾͱ㣬췴˰ɡƽͷӽЦ
ֳ˻ҧңμٴαһּҵġۣʮָӹٵϻˣ⻹ֻǸոտʼѡ


ʮ ܣ鿪ʼ
ˣҲϣ֮ǰƵٷǶ񶼵ָӹ٣ô˵ҲҪǵԼȨޣҪǴȥǲ˼ԼƤһҪģһҺúô
ʱʮָӹϻ飬ѾʽʼһĴһʱһĻǼΪĲȻÿ궼ˣÿζĳ嶯
ʱֳֻһݣǾңָӹٿ˵ŤһЩ˿߸ϵָӹǣֱоåƤòȥΨһһŮָӹţͬøһ뵽ս֮С
֮ǰľһȥˣƤû꣬ͷϵбѵơ
̾ϢһĲͣԼҪأһңƽ壬һ£֮ʮѹ֮£˵Ъ˲ˣǿѹڵ϶á
˱ѹʮӣСʹ֮ҲԼеˣȻһãеĵû֣ʼնݺݵĶŶԷһ˶ɵģ
Ҳ̾ϢһҡҡͷʼѵݸҲһģһΪ궼
˵Ƕôһһ˫Ŀӿʵ
ˣ
ָӹٿԽԽı飬֪ԼոտܴߵĵߣȫϢ˵Ļص
ָӹٿԸ˺ᣬԸˣԸѹˣǰλǻ治ңΪԷȨ֮ϣֻҪԸ⣬ں£ǿԳǵκһ˵ָӹȨ޵ģ˭λߡ
а壬Լʮ֮ڵȨ޽Ԫ׵ָӹ֮һָӣһģеǲڣ뵱¼ǿԽͨ˸ŵɵŵΪֹ˽ϻ
ڰƿؾ֮ʣָӹҲ½ڣʮָӹٷֳλ˿ȵλǲԾһЦ֮ǰҲǸһ˳Ľ
ʮָӹ֮ΪһɣֱǾλָӹ٣񶼵սָӹ٣ܷ񶼺սָӹ٣񶼷ɿսָӹ٣ţԼ񶼶ָӲָӹ٣Ϲס
λָӹϹΪףҲǲķ䳲ӣҫ˻ӥʣȻָͬӹ٣Ϲ׵ָȨ޿Ǵ
ΪְΧǶľ߷ֻҪ֣ҲҲãȨָڵĺ½ܷˣֻԼԵָȨ
˵˵ָӹ٣񶼶ָӹ٣ͥꣻϲָӹ٣¹˹ָӹ٣籶񶼱ָͤӹ٣
ָӹԶͥΪףһͷ𷢣һʿģ֪ͥļλָӹٿûһ˸СһӵĻˮ
˽ǶıӦýıƣ£˶η֮绢ɼ֮ͥմһߣݶݣǡ
ĴΧĵƬָӹ٣Լڣ˾ѧԺûȨ⣬һ˵ǰѿأҲԪϿģΪָӹٱеȨ֮ڡ
˵ĴԪ׷ָ˵רأ͸ΪһÿԴҲĴ⣬һ˶˵㡣
Ĵĵһνǲƴ֣ԴḻȻհ
λָӹ٣ǵȨֻ֮ˣֱƹõָӹ٣ŷҽƿƼ豸صָӹ٣˹ҵƼָӹ٣ԼóѧԺвŵܸˣá
ָӹҲԳһɣǱλָӹĴλָӹٵǿӲȣһҪԵ᲻٣ɡ
ƽʱܱԭ˭˭ͣ˶һֺ̫ǸԲʲô¶Ѳסǣʲô⣬ܱǧĸԲȥ
Ϲ֮ص񶼣Ѿȫˮ棬ԪָΣ֮µıʮָӹ٣бǸŵ쵼ˣܲηȥ󣬵ϢϢأ˭벻˭
ȻֹҲأûнţǿڶϣ˴˽ƽϣ˭˭һ֣Ǿֻһ־ɳǡ
н֮ʱڶĵˣԪһһ̣ʲôȨޣʲôݣɱ࣬ôãΪԪ׵˽Լȫλĵء
һȵʮָӹϻ飬ҲԪڳ֮µһһ棬Ѿйϰٽˡ
ȻѾ룬ôϻʽʼɣ˴λҪݣλΪκ֫ͻ඼ὫָӹȨޣ꣬ô
һƽ壬ڵƹһǽزɲɫ濴棬Ҳ棬ǽڳһгĻ
һǹڿѧԺڹȥһ꣬ƳпƼ豸йؾҵ¿Ƽ豸һϸϣڻ֮󣬷ʮָӹٵĸ˹Ͽ
߻һ䣬ʮָӹٽĿ¶˵ĹʣµĿƼ豸ָ˭ģ˶ʼȫȡͷ
ڶйºһֵĽսˣϣλָӹܹӡԪ׵˼ǣҪϴεĽսʤԪϣܹʤʤİλָӹҪԾΪȫͲҪҶʲô˰ɣ
һﻰ䣬˶üͷһ壬Ǿλָӹ٣üͷȫ˴ͣʤʤôôӦ죬ܸǴƽǲףϴʤҲԼⷽʹȻ
ѹѣҲҪ죬ǹغ⣬ɲԼһ˵ˣĴָӹ٣ȻϣڴǴǰǻǿϵġ
Ҳǹھģָܷӹ٣ĵ沿УִͷĴսӵսܶӳڽչӣ
ȫȻλָӹϲüңλָӹɫ

ʮָӹٵĻ¥µʮŲһڣʮɫľʿǣͦ˫ֿƥɽһһϢѹȸɱ¾֮֮ڡ
ȺʿϾܿǾþս𣬾ӢеľӢڴʱķűƿΪһӣһһŮ֮ڡ
΢΢һЦڵλǣܶӳˣҲ
һ֮ģģӭܶӳع飬ȫѣ񣡡
оʿ뻮һ˫һȭأںȵ޵У


ʮ ػɱ
񶼾Ϊ½ͳ˧˳֮Ϊָӹ٣ҲصȨ޶ְλͳƣڲǳΪ
еǹ߸Ϊһ֮бȨ֮ˣԼžԵĻȨͳȨҲΪһ㣬ɾ֮һҪǵģгһյıϾǱȨա
һ˵ڵĺ½Ȩǳһַǳ˼趨еӵıȨֱȨȴֻܵǲµľԼԾӵѵȸˡ
ҪǲľʿôͱõԪ׻ָ˵ͬʱȨĻԵϵľӣֻʿһǶЩʿҲȫҪ
ⱻǲ˲ǲӵıˣѹ۴νѹҲֻһͷѣǾ̣
˵͵͵ģеģ˷ֵģСĽ㣬ԼɾҲǿȻҪ磬߿Ƽһ·Ĺ磬ȷпܵģҲǳװ쵽ڣҪᵳӪ˽ɣֻ˵ɵ档
Ϊʲôô˵Ϊ񶼵۾ģκ˵һһ۾£ΣѧԺоۣɲֻΪһ;һЩȽϲΪ֪÷һЩصĹֻܾԪױѧԺĴѧң˵֪ˣһж߻ܡ
ֻҪʲôѹľٶһ붼ᱻ׽ǸʱڵػӵɱֻҪɱָյˣһɱࡣ
ֻҪôȥ룬Ҹ֮жôͻ˼ˣĨȥһм䣬ͷ·˱Ͳһ㣬һıѹԶˡ
ִиɱػûжĲţȫֵĺ˲Ҳ㣬ʵذɱţǱģ֮ΪرսӣҲֲӡ
в½ս飬վзɿյ˫սӷ䳲ӣ½֮ǿĴսӣۡԼĴ֮ġ
еֲӣԼľ⣬һصȨޣԪԼָӷ¸ɱʱȨĿиɱȨ޴СݵλСһɱ֮
˵ֲӵ齨ǺбҪģǾеƴӣͬҲԪָӰһɱ¾֮УֲУֲһѡ
ֲ֮գҲü֮գǵܶӳˡ
ܶӳʧأֱԱգֲӿνĻɢеȺԱʧȥһ֮Ĵ죬ѹȡżЦܳǱȻģίһ
ֲܵĲ˵һе裬ǱȱǳʺҪܣκûĹǵĴ죬Ҳֻ踺ء
ܵһĵϢֲ޵аڵܶӳ˺øġȻԼܶӳˣôѹȣ˶ֵܻӣһȥˡ
жӳžСӳ֮ڼĵһʱȻȣڳԼõ״̬ӭӡ
Ϣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˵һ䣬˽Ųһɰ׶ֻȴǿۣ漴üͷ
ߣôֻһ룬أȻԼĲ·Ÿӣ⻹ͷһأ΢Ц뿪ЦǵһŴͷһжӳ
ǡǴûյϢɡԣԸϲߵ׳֨֨صĿڻصܵԿӦ֮ǰʲô飬ŵ½Ա롣
˵ͷ΢Цͣ۵۾ûгһߣڵûյôôǿȥѧԺǵǰɣ
˺£һ㿴ңҿ㣬֮дЩȻ֮ɫҲԽҧԽһŭԵģ
ǵı飬дίŶʲôʱôˣһ˵ô˭ңʣµ˶ȥˣһ棬۵ɵĹԲܿˣķŭˡ
ǶҽԺ֧ĶӳۻᣬһͻǶҽԺˣһжӳҡҡͷ̾Ϣ
Ŷң˭ôţƣһʮҴĻˣЦ
һ͹Υ˵Цٴγ֣ǶĺܣֻҪֿЦôͱʾԷǶһЦݹͻһ춯صĶ񶷽١
Ǻ籶ĵܵܣ棡жӳƺԣҪǿưŮԱԾͰˣ˭֪ͷ˶ҽԺһ仰жӳǰ˵һ飬˵һ仰ʱ֮ŭϨ
˵˵ʲôѽԭԭظһ飡˵ͷʵ
ƵѾ֧һжӳЯƽ͵¼ˣжӳóһ͸ƽ壬¼ܡ
˸£֧ǹǼͷҶմҴҲǻãã֪ô˸£֧ǹǹϣҪûôյ۹ǣʺûóԣҴǴǣ
¼¼Уһŵĺٴ˵ȭͷյĿֱߣֱðһƬǺ֮ɫ֮󣬾ȻûбŭֻЦһƽתͣİţһĻ˶Ϊ֮һ㶡
Ļ̣ǻ˷ָĵزھ֪ģ˸첻µزµĹһ顣
ҧһɱȫҵԹгرжػʶ˹жԹ˹޷졣
ΪԸ񣬲Żᵼ˾λָӹ֮⣬ʣİλָӹ˼ܲǵĴ
ҲͬԸʹȻŻᵼսӵżǿ˶˵أǵõ˾λеϿɣȻõԪԼָеľָӵʶ˽Ƕչмӡ
ΪһС£ǹƥַȴֻһµİ෿ͿԿ䱳Ǵ󱳾յġ
ȻȻ̣ǻ̹黤̣ԼµĹҲͬϽУȻǴһ֪ԼĲ·裬ǵĻô½⵽ȶԷҪ̵ĶԴҲǹĺܣȻº
ɴʱֹı֣ǺܲˣѵˣⲻȻѽֻתһ仰һ֮󣬶¶һֲޱϲЦݡ
һɵ˰ģԴɼôսӿоٱɱѽƵǾÿǩ¸ɱô
еƽ壬ЦЦĲ£΢Цͣɱ˵΢ЦƽѪɫġɱС֣˸һѪ⡣
֮ĻϵĻʧһŴ֣ɱ棬ȡͷƤǣ
Ϊ֮һ㶣֪ǩ˭ˣԪѽ
ˣ׼׼ɱҪڶʮСʱɵģһҪúõأͷ­ζɭȻЦ
һ֮˲ŷİһһŮ˾ȻսӵĶӷʱе档
ţڵǽˣλµĸ٣ҫ
Һã


ʮ ֵܣʮСʱʱޣ
ľʶʢĵƬïָǣľϣ˵ȡ֮֮߳ɵڣԵе졣
Ҳʲôͷֻۣﾡ߳ɵĻƷϵ֣˵ĲǺһֱȽƧԣ뺺ϱߣҧּӲĿ죬ֶΪ࣬ͬ
ÿ˶ڼ׷ϵڷϵ˵Ļϵ֣᲻ԾһԽУҲָ֪о֮˾һΪ߰ģ
⵱ľҪ鹦ʮָӹ֮һ籶ĵܵܣˣ˲ǰǶı˼ݣ֪ã衣
˵ȫǱۣխ۸ڶаŮ裬˵һ׼׼Ķ棬˵ǳ˺⣬κҸɡ
ȻûΪָӹٵ籶ݻǲ֪ٻˣ籶Ҳû취ΪĳЩʣֻʣֵܶˣԼ֮ʱԼ׵ܵܿǸ˲ٵĿࡣ
ԣԼȨ֮ʱȻǻڷԼΨһˣ竣ֻҪͱĻ£ԸΪ俸£ֻǣεĻ£籶Ŀˡ
˸£쵰㶼ʲô
¥ڰ칫ڣ籶ŭһվһԶû࣬ɵ档
߸һãȻԼ׸Լǰһ˶ɵ׶ģ籶һŭ⣬ֱ۾һƣʵʵ˦ԼΨһ׵ܵϣߴɳԶصײһ߲輸ϣײ顣
磡Ϊʲôңʲôˣ֧ǹҵˣһսһɢɳܶӳʧ涼ǵһЩ˶ں֮ڣ˵ǺһСսôЩ֧ǹѵ򲻵ˣڷôĻôѪ׵ӣܲĻص
Ǻǣ֪Ļͦ˵ôܻҪֳȥˣ㻹˵֪ô࣬ôҵĺõܵܣ֪֪˶Ļ֪֪ܻܿң
籶ķЦˣһֺεĿЦԼӢ䣬²ż汸һ̥ĵܵô竣ûӣ滳ǲǱġ
ʲôˣ磬ҲϴβҲѵսӵļжӳôѹǣܶӳ˵ģΪʲôҲԣȴԣһʲô֪ı飬֮кǲ
籶һԷ⸱ʱɫ࣬ûը˷Σ̧һţͽ߷ɳԶݺݵײǽ֮ϣ֮棬ѪһֵĿԼĸ硣
ǹɾޱȵɱ⣬ܹܵģֻԼʼ벻ףֻΪһ΢С£ǽԼһִ׸ҪɱԼ
˼⣬ԼŪʲôԼûвĻ£ֻܲӣ˫ϥأҴؾص籶Ľ̻塣
֪ΪʲôԣȴôҾװ׵ĸ㣡ȣǺָӹ٣ӵָӹصȨޣҵȨ޿ԼڳͷκһºȨ޵ҵˣ֪ôȨ֣ҳͷսӵǼжӳҲķ£ǸȨޡ籶ҧ˵˻һڣ˲亹ֱ֪ʲô
ǣأʲôʲôûУ˳Ժ֣ʲôᣬĴսӣȨģǾȨֹһзΪŤѺȨҪǹԹԱѺҲˣһйϵŪ
Ϊƽ㷸£һ׷ҪѺ̵֪ôĻսӣĴս֮ףͨʿĵȨޣЩСӳжӳˡ
Ҫʵˣ̷Ҳǵʮ꣬ռʮ̷ô쵰׳գ籶Խ˵ԽǸǲͣԼεĻǴѽ
ƽʱں۸۸ƽλһָ֮ӹصȨ޵ĸƺָһȵĴʵأ
ʵǺܲпģҪһȣǾͱҪȨ͵ȵȨޣ۲ƣɳɹʿ
ֺݶ͵Ը籶һлȨ޵·ƽˣߣеǳںӱվвʪЬɲʲôʪЬôˣҪĽࡣ
֪ô⻹Ҫģ֪ҪʲôôǾսӣоٱɱȨѽ֪ʲôǸɱô
ֻҪǱʵˣѹı֤ƵҲãƵҲã˻иɱУȨжߣսӵǿԺ޹˼ɽɱģκβŶҪΪõһɰӷ۴ɱడ
籶ǴＷλ̱ڵϡͻȻϲʧЦãûУãûУ磡ûκľٶûУɱǩô磡˵ô
籶Լʧı飬Цҡҡͷóһ͸ƽ壬˼֮󣬿ڵû˵ûǣû˵λĻȷǲǩ
˸£֧ǹǼͷҶմҴҲǻãã֪ô˸£֧ǹǹϣҪûôյ۹ǣʺûóԣҴǴǣ
¼Ƶʧ֮·ʯһ㣬һ˵ıǾʧЦϣһ𣬿һɧζĶһޱߵĿ־ͷǴͷˡ
ôյ۹֧ǹܵܣĵʲôʱѾĳ̶ˣǰǾʵʵıѹǺãӦ֪Ԫʲô˰ɣе֧ǹƾ仰㹻Ը䣬Ԫײܴϰٻض٣ɱǩ˰ὫҲΪ֪ͬô쵰籶
ŵ籶һѱ飬һĿ޺磡ҪңһҪҰҲĲȾңԺʲôģ˰
籶ݺݵҧһҧŭ΢ƽϢĶ׷£ץסļ˵ҼסɱжʮСʱʱ޵ģֻҪʱɱ㣬ôɱϣǩֻᱻ׷ɱΪֹڿʼҪ粽ߣǶȥ֪𣿡
澪Ųȣֹסĵͷ籶͸ƽ壬вͣĬţʧܣʧܣʧܣֻԸҪˣƽϳһʺĴ֡
ɱǩɹɱ棬ȡͷƤǣ


ʮ Σ񶼵Ȩޣ
ֵܶԼסܵķʱͬһҹҹվסׯ԰ǰеɱŨޱȣһЦĿׯ԰ڲ
ǰҫԼ٣˽һȻı飬ɱʮĿǰƬׯ԰ۡ
ֱ΢̧ǰһӣһƬĻУһԶɫֹס漴һŽɫӫװװӰͣķӽׯ԰֮ڣŲỤ̃ӰʱΡ
º̫ϲţҲԣӦҲŶԣҫһּΪԹ߿˵Ц
֮˵ЩֻǲϲһˣΪէҽ֮˿һֲųĸо
һѾжʮλҵСӳԼλжӳﰮ⣬Լ⵽Էۡ
Ҳû취ģսӵĵȼɭϣҪһ죬Ϊܶӳ֮µĸ٣Ҫ㿼˵ģȻֻڲˣֱӶְλȻ⵽ǵĻ벻ΰ뷨սߵȨһãҲı䲻ĵ뷨ѽ΢΢һЦڵ۵Եʣĳ̶ӦЦɡ
ҫ˵㣬ҲǣԼôͻأĳ֣ίΣеȷǻеִڣϾԼĴƴλʲôɼûоֱݵԼͷˣ˭ܲˣҲ֮顣
ֻǣҲ治ְܹҫǶҲھ֮󣬺߲ŸǶԼݣû۾Сһߵͷ治СȻ񶼾رսǿһ֧쵼ˣսӵܶӳ
ҲǶ԰ҫֿ룬Ա֮ҫҲǴӦ£ʵ֮ԴӦҲԼ˽ġ
ⷽԳһС磬Եúͻأ֪֪δȥ԰ҫһЩʱգ̽ѰеأڵһҲܸԼжһı
ҫ˵ݣȴҪְеĺ棬Ȼ˶ʲô֮ˣҪѯʻеģֻǵõĻشȴҡͷԼ˵֣Եúء
ѯһҲڹھȻ֮⵱еҲֻܿԼȥ̽ѰˣҲǽϵһ̽Ѱ֮У˵ҲܽҲͨ͸
ԹȻһôͱҪվȽŸԼжǵ𲻵һı԰ҫҲ˼Ʋߡ
ȻݶǰźˣôԼ˾ͱҪսڣһţǰһûᡣ
ǿҪչһʵܵõǵϿɰɣҫŤŤӣȭͷһž룬΢Ц˵
ʵһ֣㻹һҪǾǴǣɹһ񣬷Ļֻ㵱һһĴɶѣڻص
ԣŻɱ԰ɣ΢Ц˵
˵ͷڻصţһԳڶҲõ뵽ȥ
ҫ˷˷ۣڵսӻǸбһڶֱӾҪ˶ԷƽҲ϶ûٺɱ̸ǣһлҽڸǾǲ˵ġᣬӹ¡ͿԿһ첻ֽ
ֻҹǴˣɱˡ
ɹ˸ɱ֮Ǹ˽һ°ҫˣȻ˴ʶһҲ֪ĵĹģ
ʵֲ֧ӵĹģͳһģܶӳһ٣ֻսӷΪʮжӣÿжִʮСӣÿСǴʮʿжӳСӳ֣֮ǧ˲ӡ
Ȼ˵Եе΢ʵʵսǿ˲һֻսӵʵǿԽһֻʦģһʵݵġ
Ͼÿ궼ʵݵĶ֣Щսӣսӣӳʼڣûһ
ΪսӣսʿܶӳȨģʿĵȨޣСӳȨޣжӳȨޣһȨޣܶӳصȨޡ
Ҫò˵һڵȨˣʵҲǼ򵥣ԽӢλжԱȣصȣ׼صȣصȣһȣӾȣоȣ׼оĵȣʿȣ
ȨɵߣΣصߣֻӵдصȼȨޣŻضְƣÿһȵȨ޶طΧȨͺصȨ޵ָӹ٣ԼоԵĿȨ
ͨ˺һȨޣֻڴ̴ʱһЩڲĸѣ˵ԽϣȨԽ󣬺ǷΧԽ㣬ҫһǳӵһȨޣǿһˡ
һȨޣȨݣסţ˲õõҽƾĳȨϵϣҪȨ޿ͬʱԼӦָӹٹϽڵȨȨǿԲͻͬʱõġ
Ҳ˵ȨǿԸһȨͬʱʹãȨΧǴĲˡڱҪʱȡȫֶһЩ֮˽дԼ֮󣬳˾ԼڲӵпѺȨ⣬κβųָӹصȨ⣬ûȫѺġ
㣬þһЩˣ·ѧзǰ㣬ߣһ˵ǹץԺе֣Ȼ淸ʲô£ڵ̷ǻԾˣȻƽʱһţƺ壬Ҳٻǡ
һȨ޵ôȨΧʵǾ˵ĺܡȻҫ֮ǰǵηҲ֪Ȩ޵ֻǲ֪ѾǰźȨ޵ȼֱӾصȡ
ԹŰҫԼ´к֮󣬾ʹȥҽȥʣ˵Ĳ¡
ȻЩ˶԰ҫǰһųΨȴǿмӣҫȻƣҲûϣҫϾԻԴڣȻ
ƵǣͬԼ˵ôô㣬ܻӭͲ˵ˣʾﲻѵһƤôƣ
ԼҲȷҲǣҫüĿ㣬ı˫ۣϽ׵Ƥмְ׷ϵֵǸζκŮб𰡣ҫҪһŮˣǸƫ͵òܻӭ̶Ȳ
ԼʣಿµĲ֮ʱЩ˵ĿǲᣬǾ޸ֵ޸һҲҪʮСʱ֮󣬲»ֻڲ϶á
֮в¼ͬʱҪеϲ֮һţɼսڵǲβðˮ֡
ҲĵȰοˣ˺úͬʱҲɱǩˣҽڶʱһ־ĿںţԶԶ
޵У
߳ҽ֮ʣжӣʮСӣҽжʿᣬȥԼеľ⣬װȵҹһ㣬Ǳ룬㿪ʼɱ¾֮ҹ


ʮ ֣ߣ
棡棡δԴߣɨɣΪսӵһڶڰˡʮжǷׯ԰Զϵͳ
ҺָӹصȨ޿ׯ԰߼ϵͳͬʱһźսֱׯ԰ڣΧ԰յߣߣöλ㣡ָִУ
ףָС
籶վׯ԰סլ鷿ڣڻ˵鷿ɳϣһģ˫ȶͣɫף촽΢΢ȥ˼Ⱦţûعһ㣬ԵüΪҡ
ˣܵܣǻҪˣȥ£ܸƽȥˣ籶ͷҲصĿ˵
ģģ磬ׯ԰ſѧԺ߷ϵͳоž֮࣬Ǵ򲻽ģԣǴ򲻽ģϵͳôǿ˵ȫ˶ԷأǺǣ˵ô
һ˫ۣʧЦЦǱȿ޶Ҫѿ֪ˣԼһο竣սӵͷҲжŵġ
Էʵǹھս֮ϵģǺս½սսܣսսװף׳ȵʵֻǿ˵ǾӢеľӢеơ
Ҫû߱ߣһسӶΣʹˣ߱ҲΪء
ʱȵͷת򣬾ûȻսӣʲô˲ˣޱߵĿ־֮⣬˵
أͨʿȥһڶδشĽҲǰ
ǣܵܣǿѽĴս֮׵İҪôϣҲͲҪҵָӹصȨϵͳˣĵǿǿڹģòϣǳСӣѡ˴ⷽ棬ȷһ֣ĵǿһʻһʻȥġ
ܵܣһشѽ
䣡䣡䣡
籶֮ʣǰش⻨԰յصĲԶһλźڶ¥ֵܣܸеһ˿
ֻһ˼Ǿĵצֵץ
ܵܣңֻʣˣ磬Իᱣס㣡籶һ˫·ӥֱֱĶŲǽ⣬ǲԶ԰յϵĻ⣬߬ȭͷ档
棡ׯ԰ⲿϵͳֻصѾȫγ԰ڲ룬ԤӺ󵽴ﻨ԰ڲڲķϵͳӴɱĿ꣬ׯ԰סլ鷿ڣ
һ٣һ߿ƽ֧Ķ̬һ㱨š
жӣŲԤʱ䣬ʮӣҪȲͻҪ֮ҹܳǲӦǣ˫ֲ΢Ц˵ĸҲ΢Цͷеƽ壬ָȥ

ҫͬʱ뵽гܹݴ֮⣬ͬʱ𵽹֮Է֪Լˣ֪ԼһһĽԷɡ
ԼһԷǰʱʲеˣѹܽԷƷ裬ʧȥ˵ڶ⣬ĵĴݲжԷ
ֹ˵еķʽҫĿѣͬʱҲָӷʽȻ𾴣һпѿսϵָ쵼ȫѷɫʵһ˧֮š
ʮӺׯ԰ڵսӶʿׯ԰ڵĵڶ;һЩСͷϵͳѾ׾ٵİγʲô罬ǹǧȸ»ףƵڣѹ㣬ʮϵͳֻʮȫƳ
˵սӵѵأʵصĹͷˣȫûһĻûһĶûһ԰Ϊ뷨еֻƳ㣬Ȼǰ
˴ֹ֮ȷðܣʿ޷죬ҪֻҪ񴫵ݣ໥֮ϳ̶ȣϽͷ˿ľϸ
ܶӳһӾҪӽׯ԰Ļ԰ڲڲӦûܻ˵Ĵڣǲ֪һϵеķˣٴοڵ
һЦǺֵܵĵ̣ڶڵˣֲ̬ľ˼룬ԵһӦͨϵеķˣڶȻλϵУˣ
ܶӳۼ⵽ׯ԰ڲĻ˷㣬¶ˣһװеӣڶνϵлˣߣܶӳôµģػϵȻ̽£һɵʵ
ʲôϡģӣϲ֪ˣҪѧһˣ֪ͨжʿע򿪷ǿҺ̶Ϊٷ֮ʮͬʱսװ׵ǿսģʽһǿҪǿ̬ɱĿС࣬ݺݵһȭһЦ˵ҲɭȻһЦʼ
ֻˣڰҫĶУоأǰĶˣȫûеĵ
жʿ԰Χ֮ƣ԰ڲĵסլ֮ʱǰͷˡ
ײĴߴ׿⣬Ƿнɣظֿ˫۴ʵԳֲûƽṹеֻǰּڣͷʰԲΣһɫڿ̧׼ǰսӶʿ
棡棡Ѿ˽أʮڳ룬򣬽ΪǷ֣лԴʱʼʮšˡߡ
һӺϳĵʱжʿûκεĻңҲû˺һ˿һֽ̧սװ׵ؿڴԲα㰴ť£漴ȫеĽɫԽͬʱһ΢ѹ
˷ֿǰţ΢΢һ˫һǰһȻȳʹһҪܵģ
һûٹ涨ʱڳ룬лԴ
ڵӺϳ֮Ǿͽ˵ͷɫ˲תɺɫֲİּڣתһ˵춯漴ɫļǰսӶʿ
սӵĵһŶʿȫŲһΪһɫӰֱͽ˶ȥһ벻ʱ䣬һʿӲ⼤꣬˵ǰֱһȭ˵ؿڴðȥ
֮ǵڶţţţŵĶʿڵһ˴һȭһ֮󣬵ڶʿ߸𣬶׼˵ͷһȭֲȭֱӽ˵Ľͷ֮ǵ˵Ľ
һǰһ˸һ̨ͽˣ䲻ϵõĶȭţǾ֮ǿίʵޱȣÿֻһȭһţǽ˱㳹ױˡ
սӾֺ˰ǰ̵սģʽŵһķ˽ѹʱӶѡ
м˱֮󣬳ǰλˣʿ֫ȫṹϸ泤ĽģͷʽͺһŵĽͷÿһ߶Ե
սǰģڶ˷㣬νϵлˣߣ


ʮ ࣡ɰģ
˵սǾеƣӢеľӢôνϵеĻˣսе뾫Ӣˡ
ǰ幤ѧıƣ֫ؽǰȫλǶȽƣսˮƽǰֱɱ˼ɽб룬νϵлˣԿԳɱ¾
ںܹ֮䱸׺ĻˣΪԪ׿ķϾǿùԽпƵģȴɿصġ
ʿ˵ٵĿҶз䣬˳ɷֶζս˽д棬ҲһַֹΪֶ֮һ
νϵлˣʵҲ࣬һ٣ҲֻΪĴסԼ¥ķϵͳ֮һ˵ٲֵľӢˣ˵߱
νϵлܹΪ࣬ǰƿֱǶľϲսʹĹߣͤľħżԼǿνˣ
ν˸ص㣬ϾǳԿѧԺ֣֮ȻǾƷսʹɣߵļħżΪķȻ֮أֻһݣ˺Ҳ
ׯ԰ڵĹ߻ˣϿԵúǲйߵͶǰպ籶رơ
߶׿⣬͸ߴ󣬱ɫRTϽǣͬʱһʿ׽㣬֮ƽ˼ְϽһָ߳߳ĺϽʿһѺϽʿǿޱȡ
սͻׯ԰һ㳣ս֮жʿʼν˵Ӱ߻˵ͷ˶֪
֪֪ԣǻǵһΣǲ֪߻ˣŻս֮ĳƺţǲǰ׸ˡսӶʿȺս˵ʱ˿̵ǼȽ˷ܣìܵĺܰ
ʱй߻˫յ˫ͬʱһšǺϽʿ֮ĵʱޱȣһǱճɳȺ֮ɫҵĸ¼ӳ֮£ɼϽʿɱɱ
飡
һҵսӵĶʿǰһƬһ߹߻˰߸˫һ̧ɽ֮ƣ·һʿն£˲ӣһ˿Ʒɽѹ£Ѹ͡
ʿӦҲǼ죬һպòڵһֻǵ͹ǸºϽʿ߱ܡ
һӴ棬ʱըʯһƬĻʿⲿװϣֻĻԵúɧŶ磬ֻǽߵƣǽ֮һ֣ӵ쾡¡
߻˵׹֮󣬷ûпĿֱ꣬ɵĺᵶһն׷նĶʿ߽أͦıֱװײס棬ʮȽǵĹٴαܹһ
ֻǣùһ㲻ʮ壬ʿһؼ㣬Ǿǹ߻еĹؽڲλǿתһܵġ
˵ʱ˿̵Ĺ߻ˣһٰʮȷתȺɫĵ˳ֱۣǿľֱӽʿ˳ȥֱһĿĵĳȺɫۡ
ʿսʧԣӦ˵ս߻˵ĶսսʧΪ˫ӴʱĶʿԼҲʶչ˼ҵĽ档
ֻе㲻Ŀˣ֮ǰսӽ߳ɵĶʿӦ߻ɹĹǶȣͳͳ˻ȥֳòǱ
ʣµɣ󲿷ּǶӳǵʵȻö˵ǵһνӴ߻ˣҲȥӦԣӳʵȻаˮֵĴڡ
ܶӳڹ߻˽ӴˣֻʿǳνӴֶĽͻˣǶǺӦԡü˵˵ݵĸоƺսܲ⡣
ȴһɵ˸ЦʲôԵһνӴܵĺѿôҲûʲô˵ģŸոսӴѣٵĴۣҲСӿ۽磬һֱ޵ȥ˾֮ܣ˵ȥЦ˵ģ
ôۣһ겻ɽĻĽɢˣʡ涪ۡΪһǿߣ⣬о߱һ԰ܵģССʧܶܲˣǿҲֻǽаˣӻѡ
ɣӣҲôҲָӣзӣڷǵزģһɷȨһ꣬͵ҵĹԺˣܿʱɣ
˵֮нܿ˵٣̾Ϣһ˵ͷߵİҫǣ˵ôģ
ţһֱôģʲôô˫ֱǰڻص
û⣬ܺأҫÿɷһЦڻص
˵ʵڵģҫǳϿĻԼҲǹˣ߽Ȼã;еľǱһӶѾģػضȰҫǿĵ˸ǺȥˣԼԵİҲʵ٣ҪãԼ֪ٻˡ
Σ԰ҫ˵һеʧܾõĶʦű֮ǶֵܱԼǶԼ޷ƥ뷴ǶҪһһȥػԼߵһǶ
еĶ㼯һ𣬻ҫԶᵹ£ҲԶоƣֻۣԽԽǿǿػִġҪԼµģģһŲʧܶʧܵģսӵĶʿҲûʧ
ʼձһ΢Ц˿ҫһۣЦתصׯ԰ڣǧ׿һɳʯէ֣ȺɫĹâ֣ɫӰشͣ˷ս߻չݱļս
ߵսɣǿޱȣÿؽڶܳʮת˹ΧӴͣȴ쳣ݣǾ;ףʵսضãȻڱûʧȥǰսԱȡ
սѾԽսеĳԱ֮⣬ܱƾжܣѾ˵ǵǿӹûһȴҲûһ˵£߻չҵĶս
ӵܶӳûһ˵ز𣡡ܿ˿ƽ۵ļƵսѾɫ֮ǰôѿɱࡣ
˵ͷߵİҫ΢ЦôڵˣҪõϿɣôǲеŶ
Чͣ
ҫһڻصŤŤӣ˫ĿüΪһΪһӰׯ԰ڴȥߵҲǽϡ
ܶӳǶ˵ôãܿ˿Űҫ뿪΢ɵʵ
ҵ۹ʲôʱžǣЦݣڻص


ʮ ս⣿
飡
һ죬һսСӳ߸𣬵汻߻յĺϽʿնһ鲻Сİӣȵڶ
ԭֻܹչֱпڵĺϽʿھ¼֮һֱƵ߻˵Ĺһβֹ
߸СӳҲ׼յһ׹ȭݺݺȭ缫ֱ߻˵ͷ
ȻΪӴ󣬵ǻÿһؽڶƵķǳɣӴ˿ûаֵı׾Уֻһ̧γһϽʿ˳Űε֮ƣպÿСӳһȭ

ǺϽװȭϽʿһ˲䱩һײͺľײһ㣬ֻСӳӴһ˲䣬һʹͬʱһɼǿ֮׷ɳ߰Զ߻ն֮ͨʿвλ佻սһ顣
Сӳ֮󣬿˿ȭͷϳֵһȺɫۣԼֲװϴ΢ʹУͷе˫ü˦˦ֲ֣װ׶ʱһƬǳȺɫɢΣٴγԼʿĹ߻ˡ
սװȫǵģǺϽʿͬһֽRTϽֻǹߵǺϽʿȴǱ²á
RTϽ͸µص㣬ͨ¼ӺϽʿĹиķûм٣˸ԼĳЩıơ
ȺϽʿϹ߻ֱ仯˵Ĺɣսһֹսӵ˸еѲҪ˵ҲڣҲܣֻʰ鷳ѣҪȥʱ䣬Ҳʵ١
ۺսжԱȣһ߹߻˵ʵսӦñȵսӶʿĽսսֻܺͣһСӳʿĽս䣬Լжӳ˴Ͻս
սԱȣҲֻ˫սʱƽĻϽϵĶԱȡϵģҲǹдֽϵģʵֶԱģʽһĳ롣
߻˵սҪ΢սӵͨʿӣƽһСӳʿӣԵжӳӡ
Ĵͻ˵ȣһټܣ籶һټͳͳ˹ӶԱսսӵ֧ȫԭأսǽţûͷûˣʲôǿ뵽˴һ
˵ٸİҫ
ҫûдսսװףҲ֪ͲϲԼʵ֮Ҫҫװʱؾˡ
Ȼ˶ſᵽըװӣǷĽṹͣɫװףƽ֮У֫ԲνƬÿһöƬĽɫǿᵽУ˵ҫˣҲ۵˷֮ɫ
սװ࣬˼άУһ壬ǿ򿪷ǿҺͨ˴϶ܷӳ׽λʵ͸˵ҫǿ֮ˡ
ҫһ뷨ǲ֪⣬װԼĲǺΣЩ¶һ֣Դǲ
ʵҫ֮װԼһּǣ԰ҫ˵ս̫ɿԼսʵģܻе벻Ρ
װٺÿҲֻǿȡãҲڰҫþֿʽù˵ԭ򣬿սҫоүǸеսʽȻ뷨ͷգǻذҫ뷨
ʹսӵͨӷϸսһ˼룬ҲװףһԹĿżǰİҫΪŮսװףǿޱ
ѾͷɥǶߣҲյĹѽȻߵǰһĻʵҪĥһµοǺûأܴģɣⳡս֮Ҵȥ֣ʲôУôѽҫųֻܿĵȰֻһǹ֣չһЦ
ɽҫ磬׼ƤŶ΢Ц˵
ҫ˵ͷתͷսһۣһ֣ս
һܹ߻ֳ˫ְת𣬱ƿսӵʿһʿʱ΢һ㣬Էץסյ
߻˶ʱתͣ£һֱ׷ϣ˫˫߸߾£ѵޱȣʿٴζֻܾ˫ҪӲ
ǧһ֮ʣһӰٿԾʿ̧ͷһͷڱ΢΢һʶ뵽ĸٰҫʲôװ׶˲ɣҰ
ңʿոյ뷨˺ӽͰǰİҫô͵еͷɣ
ҫԼֻڹ߻˵ϸĸ첲ѹסԷͷ­ٶȴĳ߻ɣѹڵ档
˫ץסԷͷ­Ƿݿֲ߻˵Ľͷ­˺ֽһ㣬׾ٵĳ£Ļˣ΢һ£˺ѵĽӿڴ绡΢΢һԲڶ
ҫ˿еĽͷ­ŤͷԶһܹ߻ˣֿһЦ˫һɣͷ­£ҫһƤһ㣬߷Զһܹ߻ˡ
Žͷ­ڰҫǿֲĽ£ֱڵҪǿٶȿ󣬼һţƷХ𣬺Ȼһֱ߻˵ţݺݺɣײܻˣܻ˼ѹһԶʮ׿⡣
ǰǼܹ߻ˣؿڱǿŽͷ­ѹðݽʮ֣ɼҫһž֮ͣǺš
ðɣҴˣĸǸͷβĹӦп˼ʰɣܶӳһĻʶӢʿͷµ沿飬Ѿˡ
û°ɣָյôҫͷʿʵ
ҫոյǷ˾ٶ˵ĲĿκս֮зĲã˶ҪһغȺˡ
ָȵȣҿţˣҫ٣ܶӳȫ٣Ƴ߻˷㣬սڽָжʿԼӳͷС
ҫ˵ͷ΢΢һЦ˵ôʱ仹ðɣôʼɣ
ҫһ䣬һһ˳𣬵ʱɳʯҫܱɵĹ߻ˣܸո֧֮ʱҫ̩ɽѹ֮ƣ˫һ㣬ܻ˵ͷ­Ӳȱ
ȥܹ߻ˣ԰ҫ˵ûз϶ľǹ߻˲ǿǰҫʵ̫ǿԵù߻̫ˡ
ؿǱߣĹʽҫıֱӣԵñȽˣȻרһǱȭŹףǼΪʵַһõɾ
ֿƼ磬Լ̵ʱͬʱΣڻ˵ͬһؽڲλȻûаҫôֲʱϵµľѹĹҲ൱ɹۣĹؽڴֱӷ룬ٶȻϲϰҫҲԸҲͬޱȡ
˾ôȺһ㣬ǰһܼҹ߻˲⣬ܵľʿһһ㶵ġ
ĸ٣


ʮһ ߣ
սڲĹٽô֣Ҳ֧սСӳжӳ١ܶӳĸ
ڱսôְλ׶ԣսӵְλףԵñȽϱˣʿҪΪСӳܼ򵥴ӮСеˡ
һһһţһһȺͬʱҪʵģսУɹԼĶʿһ׵͵ȵʱҪﵽٷ֮ʮϡ
Сӳ׳жӳǰ벿Ҳˣ벿ǽһ̨ףҪеȡ˸һͱȽ鷳ˣҲνһһȺҲԣӦһȺ
ʵģսУ˶һˣκߣֿտգһսʤжӵսۣұҪõʤֻۣܶӳõٵְλȨޡ
ȻÿֻսӵЩʱҲܶӳһ˵㣬˭˳ֱۣӲ߶ڵԶֱ̣Ҳԡ
ǣһĶ֮ˣֻܵ˵ż˵ʱΥֻ߿Բԭܼ򵥵ȴӲŪñ֮ˣͷöƣڱ
ΪܹѡսӵˣһǾӢеľӢһûаԼһȹϵλ˵ǿǲģȻʵھǷƽҲܼ򵥣Լֱȡܶӳˣ
ֻǣû˻ôܳΪսӵܶӳǿɲʲôֻþӢ־ݵģһ֮þӢݣֱûǣҪȡǵְλֻ˵򵥣Ҫʮݡ
ȣҪȵֿȭսʤǰܶӳǳֿȭԷȴǿԶɱǿսƽôԣʵܹƽΪܶӳʵҪǿǿŷ
սʤǰܶӳôϲ˵һأֻǵһأȻҪڶأжʿӳʵģսֲߵȣܶӳĽ׸ߵȿսۣﵽʤۣٷ֮ʮϵʡ
һضˣôΪˣһأֱžָӹ֮һľָӣȻԪס
ԵֱҫΪʱжʿԼӳԵúܲΪȻиԹٽӣλϵλĸ٣¸ӣʹ
ϻȡΪսӵܶӳĲǰһĶʿڣ׾ٵĹնȡ˸ְλֱսڻҽԺء
ֻһμҫ˵뷨ʱѾȻ޴ˣֻзķ쵼Ȳ˵ҫıʵǷĺܣԭ°ӣʹ뷨ֱʧΡ
ܶӳָ˸ҫ߻˷㣬ǾԼиҫ˵ıҪôȫûбҪǰİҫƷһлһֱ򵥵ķƬ
ҫһ࣬պñܹǰ߻˵ĵ棬һնû֮ʱҫ۽ٶȿĻΪӰգ֮ѵ˵ǰ
꣬ᲽȭһϵеĶֻһ벻ʱɣܱ׼ķ·ֱ̿ӿӡһ
ȭƫֱظ֮䣬ȭһ壬ǰܹ߻˱¡һĽ˺
ظݣ˺ѿһ޴ĻڣڵĽǿ񱩵ȭ£ȪƬɢһأܹ߻˲䱨ϣӭ浽׵绡һ㲻ڶ
ҫޱĿ˿ϱűƿһ󶴵Ĺ߻ˣ˿Լȭͷεɫɫֻѱ´ϣ˫£Ȼٴα⣬ʲֻʮҡ
ԣʱҫãԼľֹʮôߣոȳһȭȻȭϣ֮ڽǰĹ߻˻ȥֻǸոһȭĸоǿ˲٣ֿƲסĸо
ţˣղסãһ߰ˣʣµİ˼ܻĥһ¿ɣ
ҫ˿Լȭͷ˼漴һǰʣİ˼ܹ߻ˣһַ̬Χһţҫ΢΢һЦŲǰһ̤С
ڰҫһ룬ٶսҫߵĶʿϣ˿ҫֱȥȻһЦ
ҫ磡ŶǱ߶ʰأȻһЦƤ˵
Ǳ߱Ƚ߶ˣȻҪѵʱҫƲƲ죬Сֹ
ӣֻӣⱻΪսУưĴڣͻ˹ߣڰҫ˵ϣͬһ㣬滵˽ʮܡ
ս֮ǰȥļܣʣǰ˼ˣҫչֵʵսӵĳԱóϷûĳëжǷĺܣǶ˵Ҳٲмһݾη֮顣
ôǵ꣬Ǹټǿסլ鷿У籶ϵļĻ԰ҫչֳսǲĿҲǼߡ
ʣ߻˴ջвкսУָӹٵصȨ޽ָȷϣסլбڵľƬƽ籶żĻ˵
ָȷϣ
סլĻ԰Уǽʣİ˼ܹ߻ȫеĺϽʿرֱתȥûãʧУҫۼˣæͣΣٳֱ
һ춯һܼСĲ֣֮ǰȥĹ߻˲кͳͳջأвкջ֮СתֵĵطԶȥ
ҫɦɦףһĿˣҲһãȻʱʣ˻ϡ
ķŶҪһأ˿ʱ䣬Ц
ʱӣ涨ʱɲˣ޸ʲôҫʼ磬һνĻصҲͬЦ
ܶӳ߻Ѿȫ壬סլҵľ룬Ƕɣܿ˿˿ƽ壬˵ҫʱĵ˵ͷһϿɵľٶ֮ǰҫ˵ս۵ףʵսӵĸһְ
һ£һ⣬һָӹٱǶ٣΢΢һЦʵ
ŸĽܿˣڻصȻʲô
ôּһôٴʵ
ҡҡͷ漴䱸ѾҪ˵ʲôˣ΢еӵ˶֪α籶ãӽˮƻȥá
𣡡𣡡𣡡
һƬľ챩𣬵治ͣĶһӴδӲԶ߸𣬺Ȼһֱ׹ڰҫǰ
ڵƤսۣǸߴгһֱϢ˫ȭϵĺɫȭףɢһ˵ĺ⣬ޱȵ˫ĿԼҧгݵ׺ģ˲
䣡䣡䣡
һ׶ı׹ǰͬ׶֮ޱȵļƣֻǾˣҫ˫ֻԴǰʧػûһ˿һĽŻߺµ֡
ιҪӰ


ʮ ηɱ
˺գΪҫԱʱǸΪȻĻգΪҫĻգҲ԰ҫһչֳʵա
еǿĹˣﵽܶӳʵ˰ɣҫıĳģ˫־Ȼ˫ᣬǹˣѾǿֵزôܿ˿ǰ񱩶ֿŵս棬üͷ΢΢
ôѡĸ٣ûʧɣЦʲôҲʶĴͷʵʧĻˡ
ʱҫʧػı࣬ʧʣµһʧػսӽʿСӳжӳΧ
ʧػı״̬µıȣȫսһ̶ֹȣǱµԼսʶǳɱ
ѸͿ񱩣ʽȻӲӲ£νһʮᣬھԵǰκλȵļԵúﵽ˰ʹ˵ĵزսװףҲеԳܵĸо
սӵĶʿһһֶݵͣ٣ϢƵĸоص
ʵڹϣǷҲֲͬ
ƤʹڵƤսۣʮ㣬Ǽǿһĵŷ㣬ûʹ񾭣㱻Ҳ޵ĺܡ
޵Գñѵ״̬½йҪʳҪҩҪϢһлָİ취ҪȫԽмʱս
ǿǿޣ֪ʹп־УһӣۺʵޱȣοʧغģԱʧغıӦʥ۷ҵʵֻǿҪҫԱȣǾԵе㲻ˡ
ҫٿԾȿޣݺ˦ǰĿһȭ鿪һߣ漴ٿһŤһٿջߣƯһţǰıݺݳɣڳܰҫǿֲĽ֮󣬺ɳ߰׿⡣
ҫ֮һƫӭһȭֿס˫Ͳ󣬰ҫ˳һᣬȿ缲磬գۼ˦ȣֱڶԷϥǲ棬ߡ
֮ƺûʲôӦӰȥļԿǾ;ףֹ
ҫ֮󣬱һǿҵȭϮǰһ֮ʱҫһɣһԾһڿպţһǿһȭݺݶײ
ͼΪԳƵ£ҫһǺţȭͷŵıΣߵӴһŵŷ˿ȥ
ͬʱϥһϥײֱǰţһ˵Ĺǰııһǰһı˶ȥ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫһϵеĶɵˮΪҶǿޱȣַ˰񾭷Ӧڳ޲Ȼ
ɱǵĹֱ˵ֱЧķʽǰĵɱ㣬ȴʮֵЧֻǰȻܸһ˿˿ļ¸УҲֻһ˿˿ѣĶҫǸʱ䣬ԼĹƣĻһ㡣
ǲòˣȥ̫ˣֱ˵ĺãҫ֮󣬵ͷ΢˼ƺ¶ʲôġ
ҫ俪֮󣬰ҫŤŤ󣬺˿˫ĿһɣΪĿŲԶվԼı
ҫŲһο磬գ֮ǰɵֵ̧Էֱһȭȭһֱͨͨȭֱ䱩š
ȭͷ뱩ŽӴһ˲䣬ҫһתȭϣȭһȭٴεӣֱһ
һӣȻһŷ·ըҩըһ㣬ճĺɫҺǣžڲһ㣬һֱףĿĵѪ޶
˶ˣˣˣ޷Լ۾ҫǿһ֮ǰѾۼֻ֤ǰһĻû뵽
üһôģȻַ֪ɣһȭ湻˫ۣеһ죬֮͸¶һ˷ܸУߵ٣Ŀɿڴ
ҫٺ俪ǰı֮űȻأҫԼһȭ൱⡣
ҫһȭʵ൱ŵͺǲʵɱɱƪƾƪһֶصķɣһֶηɡ
ڹӴһ˲䣬ȥ֮ͨתĦеڶη־ĵӣɲʲôһһô򵥣ǳɴηʽгɱӣ˲ηĹȣǱ󱻿˴󶴵ıԿǺޱȡ
ֶηļ˵򵥣ޱȣҪԼĽһַǳϸʶҲ˵ߵĳ̶Ƕ٣Ҫһǳȷʶ
ΣǶԾƣÿһȵİѿأҪﵽһ΢Ŀƣϼѣ˶ԼʱĿƣʵһֶԼԼǰ˽⣬˽ĻôñӵʱΪͽ顣
ͬʱսʱ㷢ʱڿƲ˾ʱǰ󣬶¶ηʱ׼ηʱһʧĸоͺһ̤ʱǰ˲ʧأηȻ֣ԶİƣҪ׼ޱȡ
󣬾ǱǿˣΪηʱķҲǼʲܳǹǿķǴһȭȭͷֱֱӷ϶ˣʹĤȫᱻ˺ѣ൱һףըʱ޴ըԺʲôûˡ
ܴﵽĻôηĹԻһϲ־ϲ൱Ǿ仰ҷԼ¡
ҫܹ֮η˿ǿֲһʣҪ鹦ս츳Լİ֮ϸ΢緢˵ˣηҲ൱⡣
ܲⷴҲ湻ģӦøҵһηʱȣе㷢أҫŤŤ
ʱһ󲽣ŵ𶯣ҫȥİҫ󣬼ֱ̧ɼޣ׺һȭֱҫͷ­
ҫ˲תһȭ˳ƴ뱩ǶȭͷһԺ䣬ͬʱһתηٴãֲľ˫ص£ֱֻۺ䱬Ѫһء
ҫһ˿Цżһ㣬߸һֱ壬ڱ֮󣬻һתżһٿպתݣɱƪȼͬԶηֱӱһ󶴡
ҫһֹһѶȵȲߣӰ·նһ㣬նڱĲն֮ļ⣬ݺ߷ɣ֮󣬱һ죬һغ
ҫ֮ɭȻһЦһȥ
鷿е籶̾ϢһĻرգȼһ̣˵Ҳɳɪɪ棬ԹԵʲô
ʮ֮鷿Ĵű˴򿪣ŰҫԼڣҫŵһ֫ȫı䶪籶ǰͬʱֵܶ΢΢һЦ
棬һҵϢҪ㣬㱻ɱˣԣԪĸɱִݣ͵أɱ
һ΢ЦһֱȽ˵


ʮ ˽˶Թ򿪷
ܶӳþò
籶ʵľ칫ǰһ΢ЦĿ˵ƺ֮ǰĻȫΪҴӻУӦʶˡ
Ǻþòָӹ٣ϴǳĹˣϧûɣʧˣ΢΢һЦƵĿڻص
ܶӳˣɹֲҵģҿѹзյģԼӲҪҲû취ѽ˵ô籶ɭȻһЦڻص
гԹҫʵ
˵㣬˫ĿȻһ쳣ڻصҵıаȭ죬֮Իʧأԭ⣬һ룬Ҫȫ鹦ָӹˡĽܣڵһأȪۣΪԽȪۣҵıаȭԵһȫµľ磬κ֪֮£һѣŻŪ㽹ͷöû˵ɣָӹ٣
һﻰ䣬ҫ˵ͷʾף籶Եе㲻̫Ѻá˵ʵڵģԸ뱾ĲܣѾύ֮⣬ҵȷգҪԼĴڣѾʬ޴ˡ
Ҳô˵Ҹȡ裬ڲҲúõǹ˵Ļ˵־ٰɣ籶Ц
٣ĺܲ٣רллģ΢Цص
ԭˣƽĴܶŹһسӱˣûҪ󶯸ɸ꣬ϸɱôŰɣԭĿѽԭĹ¹죬ڱ˽˶Թô籶˫Ŀ΢У񼫶Ŀ칫ײ
˽˶ԹҲã¹Ҳãл˵ɱȻѾǩôҾͱҪɣָӹҪôϣ㲻ҪôǵľٶΪָӹٵ㣬ӦŸɱִеˣȨӷ۴Ŷ籶ľٶķۣһ˿ٶʱֺǺǵ˵Ͳ籶ţͬ籶һɱ
ҾôһܵܣҿǵƣɱˣȻˣЩʲôӷŹҵܵܵĻҲö˵ԣֻҪȫˣɱ˶ʮСʱûִУӦûԶȡİɣ
籶һ˫Ŀһ裬һɭȻɱ糱ˮӿ漴Ȳһ̧һŽǰشٽʵľ칫ˣͬʱ˫һʿС
ӭ׳һ׶ʵľ칫΢ЦȫΪһߴӰһԾȭڣƷХ׾ٵĽǰ칫俪Ρ
ߴ󸱹ںϰ칫֮󣬻ûü⣬ǰһâʿĵɢ˵ĺɱ֮һбնٿզ࣬ٻûüӦ֮ʱѾļϣֻҪǰЦͣ籶һܰ٣նڡ
籶ٶȺܿ죬еĵһ죬ٶȸͲܴﵽģڳ˿Ҳֻҫ˲ܸպ÷ӦĹ
Ϊ񶼵ָӹ٣ʵһ˿ˮֵĴڣʹְһָӹ٣䱾ʵԲСսӵߴ󸱹٣Ȼһ㡣
籶ĳߵľһ֣ٶ֮죬һ֮ڱ˹ٶʵޱȡ
ڴʱҫԵ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˫һ㣬ݺύ˫һͣʮָ֮䣬Ѿ˰칫ʱļľм漴˫һʮöľмϢļ籶š
ľм֮ٶ֮쾪ޱȣﵽټĵزǿ籶ҲּٶݣΪʮöľмȻĵǰòʿᵶԲľмֻһ񣬱㵼ǰߴ󸱹籶ĹΧ
һأٳĳһոյһ˲£ѾоԼҪÿôţʵǱŵòᣬͬʱҲԸмĿ⣬ļʱ֣Ѿ׶༪ˡ
籶µĿߵòʱᣬ֮ǰľмһ־Եõӡ
ǿոûпߣѾͷľмҲûһ춯ôֵģҫԴʵ
ʵϵĲͬĹõڵƶѧʽӶ˵ڵϹ񣬿Ŀڻص
򿪷ʲôҫʵ
˼壬ǶԴԵһֿ԰ٷ̶ֱֿȡʵ򿪷ϵ˱øֻ򿪷ڶеһ֡
򿪷һĳ̶ʱʶõٶȡݡܡй١񾭷䡢ϵͳȵȣһлĿ̶ȣ
򿪷̶ȴﵽٷ֮ʮʱǿԵõרʵΰﵽ׶ʱ൱ڹ뻯ˡ
ﵽٷ֮ʮ򿪷̶ʱԽԼרۣµר䣬Ǹı䣬ﵽ׶ʱѾӵͨ쳹֮ܣ൱ڹˡ
ڰٷ֮ٵ򿪷˵ʵڵģҲֻ񶼵ĵߣײβԪһ˴ﵽˣʲôܣҲֻһţƬռ֮أԪһ˿ٳģѾܹ˵ˣ൱ڹǶһ޶ľ磬֮ɣ
ҫ˵ͷȻĻʮֻ֮䣬ǣǻе˼Ѿ൱ˣν򿪷൱еľһ㣬ڵ
ǰǱʵʣ൱ڹ뾳ǿ򿪷ϵǿҲ˭˭ӣֻ˵ϵĲͬˡ
ΪʲôڵϵĿǾҪȡڵƬռЩϹıˣڹУϹղ޷γԼ˾硣
Է֮Ϲĳ¼У辶ͨԵĿǿ䱾ܹͬĴ߱ȼ硣
ҫҲԼս䳲ӵսӣսӶӳʱһ¶ûжԷԭˣǿĸй뱾£ҪжԷҲǲأ
ֻǣҫ֪ǷսӵĶӳ򿪷ߣʵͨѧԺƳ򿪷ǿҺ²ܴﵽЧĻٷ֮ʮҵ򿪷̶ȣ治ǰҫĶ֡
Թʱ籶еʿָɭЦսĸٰɣŮʿ֪ôƺ
΢Цص
籶˵ͷŲһգ֮ǰЦŮʿòԲˣԺ͸ҰɡһҪһУֻҪҪģҶΪɣôһ°ɣ
΢΢һ㶣һ׳յǰʲ籶ڵҫ磬˵Ϸңô찡
ô죬ﶼϵˣ


ʮ ָӹٵʵô
ҫҽźߣȿ磬ףǶϣؿڣʵʱ¸мǶ쳣꣬Ȼֻ̽ԵĹ־ٶȲص£һͬݺӡ
һţٷ֮ʮ͹ˣ籶ŰҫһţӭϮЦ
һ䣬籶һת£˳һƫеĴƫ˰ҫһȣڰҫξʧ֮ʿһɭĵ⻮һ˵Ĺ켣һƬâֱҫͷȥۣޱȣ׺ݡ
Ҳ֪籶Ϊ֮ҫͼıһ֮ƣȥƺֱͷʵϣ˵ʿİڶʱпڰҫĲ㣬ֱǰҫ֮ǰһŵķ棬мϷˣ֮⡣
ҫӭʿüͷһ壬漴չ΢΢𣬴ʱѾӽ籶ȴͻȻһʿһľ롣
ⷬٶ籶Բ죬Ϊҫ̬ȻԼ˫ʹתУҵ˲бնҫҸѣֱȡһ۰
ǣҫͻȻ¶׾еֲˣԼԤ趨õĹƣȫ𲻵ã˵ʱе㷽Сң֪ĹƸνУֻܼƵȴȫ֪֮ôȥ
˵ʵڵģ籶ʵ˵ǼǿΪʮָӹ֮һ򿪷̶ʱҪﵽٷ֮ʮϡ
Ȼսʱֻܽ򿪷ٷ֮ʮֻǰٷ֮ʮۺʵҲԲѰǿܹƥеģ֮ǰߴ󸱹ٱһ¾ܿ籶ʵĺǿ
֮Ի֣֪뷨ҫ֮ս֮籶˵ְһָӹ٣ƽʱƤӣʲô·Ը£ܹͨͿˣԼûôȥУ칫ҾӶࡣ
ʲôϡŹֵĶ籶ĵҲɳڵս˲ӣֻ֪ͨȥ̽ԼսѾǺܾúܾǰˡ
籶򿪷ǸߣҲ˼ǿʵԼǹרǱս飬ɲ򿪷߾ܴսҪսлۣ˵һһ߳ģȡɲá
Ǿλָӹ٣԰ҫһٶ̼¹ýķʽ籶ǰ㣬ԷľٶԼĹ֮ôһķ¡
ԴӶ˵սⷽȣҫ˦籶·ֹҲǰҫΨһһƣ򿪷ֲǰÿģԱʵĲһǰ㡣
ҫ԰֮ƣżһתζȻӿ죬˲뿪籶ʿΧͬʱԷһ䣬籶˫۱·ûйǽһ㣬һ䣬һͷ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫһ˳ˮֳ٣׽ˤԣǼƣһʩչԼϵĻԼƶ㲻ҫ⼱µһУԼԴ»¥صϣֱӱɡ
Ϊҫһ籶ʱȻеСλָӹˣָӹٵʵս鲻㣬Ҳ׸ϡ
ҫһǱͷڽеһʱвȥˣ˵ĺ֮˲ͣסҫŤͷһԭ籶ǣ˫ʿ˳ɺ֮ƣֶⷴڵ棬ֹסȥơ
ҫһЦֹ˫һɣ˫һͣ籶ı¿϶һţʵʵĵڶԷıţɿֲĽֱӽ籶ŷ컨塣
⻹û꣬ҫƲˣ籶һ˲䣬˫ȶѸײڶ֮ƣ˲߳ʮȣȵһ㣬籶ĺ󱳣ֱϣƣ籶ˣ˶һ
Ŀɿڴ˵һ񵽱ƵãЦüһʱյǡôֱӣҫеĻҪǿأ
ĵйоأȫǳʶԵҲǵͷͣΪȻǵȻһЦ͸¶һּΪԵõɣԼİ˵ԷõּߵĺԱԼϻҪ˽
еǼһּҳ˵ϲڽϵǳϻ̳Ͽˣڷϵͳȫ𣬹߻ʮһž߱ȫһ߲棬ΨһһݣԼĸ籶ҲǱ
ʱ˿̵棬ܺڣڵԼƺĺ֮٣ԭΪƾԼȨƣȫܹĨƽһУ˭֪һĨƽˡ
ûкҩԳԣڿѧԺûзҩ֮ǰûҩɳԣǿȥԷֹԲƬҩУԺһ̣ڴ϶ȹġ
˸£
һŭȣ˵˼άǰǱҫ·һݶ籶ͻȻһּ׺ݵƣһ˫˳ÿһһֶصĹ켣ҫɲͣ˫ȹȫ£׷ʹİҫ𿪡
ҫüͷ壬ţֱ棬µ籶˿ıνޱȣŭɶ˫ɽ֮ƣŰҫͷ­ն¡
ҫֻоǰһ˫紫һʹͬʱѪɽ籶ٶǿ쵽ڳûܷӦĹٲܣܣܣҫҲܣ籶˫ӲĿڰҫ˫֮ϡ
ɶСӣָӹҪ˫ۣǱˣҲĴۣȥ籶˵
Ҫ˫ۣ㻹ʸ񣡡
ҫһȻ˫ĿһƬ籶ѹҪϰҫ˫֮ʱҫһֱȭͺ籶֮ϣڷȥ֮ʣһٰʮתη
籶ֻоؿһʹ֮ϣ֮ǰҫɵʹҪϰٱֹһŭ˿ΰľֱӽ߰׿⣬ۿҪײǽ֮ʱſͣסơ
ҫߣһĵĲ鿴ҫ˫ϵƣ˿ڲ֣û˼Ǽ⣬ڰҫһ˲ķӦ㹻죬Ļҫһ˫۰򲻱
ҫµĺһ΢΢һЦҡҡͷʾҲǵ˵ͷӽֹܿѪҫϣϣֹѪЧõĳ档
ָӹ٣ոտɲֹǰٷ֮ʮ򿪷ŶЦ
ҳϣҵ͹һʵǽˣѾ׼ŭңǶҪ籶˫Ŀɭص
ôʵ˵öԣ㷢˺ݵҪɱǣֱӲƺĽ򿪷ٷ֮ʮô˵ȷˣûһ˵ͷ΢Цص
ôˣ籶ص
Ūˣɱôʱ򲻵ܵҪԼѱʼմǷЦڻص
ʲô˼
ʲô˼ûˣɱȷǻԶȡҲһҵ˵ˣ
˭
ΰԪףָӹ٣ô

Ӻˣ뿪籶鷿˵˫۵Ѫе棬Լ籶ǲ׺ݵ
ָӹ٣Ǹˣ֣΢Ц˵


ʮ ֹһ⣡
ûô
ʲô⣡ǾˣûǸȨ޽ԾĹȨޣָԪףܣҲҪǸѽԣõǴСЬʹӣֲͬͬţͲ
ô˵Ͼָӹ٣Ǹ׵ܵܣиɱ֣ǲĵİɣ
û뵽㶯ɱ¾ϣôº󷴶ŤŤˣİɣҲûãɱ൱ɱ˵ȨʲôζҪȥе˵ˣģҶʲô
£ڶôֻһˣǻûʲôʲôûУȻûаѱץֻѾͷߣġ
ˣˣ֪ǶҲôʱ޿̵ȥɣвڣǵģ֮һٸģΪսλBOSSǰǵأ˭붯ǣҪǶͷ˾һصŶοһһҪ̵˰
峿ҫһҿȹݣѡһ¶λãԶҫһߺſȣһ˵йɹִиɱһЩǣҲǺĵһһش
ҫСһڿȣ˵ʵڵտʼȵʱҩһ㣬ðҫԶ֮˭֪Ľ̵£ּ̣ζͱñȽŨ´ˣΰ룬ζʮ㡣
Һȹһ֮󣬸ĸоҫʼ΢ȤȻ֮ͣļǼ̣ܿ˵ĲĿŪβѣһ˵ĳ嶯
Ȼ˵նҲûʲôùǵĵˣˣ˵Ҳǹˣô񶼵ģҫʵ
Ĳ˵ǣ񶼵߻Ȩޣڿأҡҡͷָָϡ
ǰɣⶼ˵Ȩޣʲôģҫ˷ۣʱգԴתû죬ڵһЩʶҲ˽˸߰˰ˣէǰ㣬һĨڣʲô֪
ʲô𣿺Ǻǣ߼ģֻǸǸȨ޽еģͲҪˣһ죬뿪񶼣ôһὫһж㣡΢Ц˵
ҲɣҽʶôֵصһҲν˽ıɣĹ˵˵ʱȻ˵ҲǿҰҫύһ֪ɷ񣡡ҫ΢Ц˫Ŀֱǰ˵
΢΢һ㶣漴ЦʶãȻо֮ʲôϸ֪ôϡͿĸҽύ᲻̫˵㰡
Ҫ֪ô࣬Լ۹⣬أҫ΢Цص
΢Цҡͷ֮˫ֱȭ˵Ըҫӽ빲ͬʹ࣡
ҫۼһĻЦݸͬȭ񣬿ڵ֮
ҫĽύ˵Ҳеûͷûһ㣬ʵ˶ƾĶΪԼе뷨ֱȥ£ʵڶ˵Ҫʲô̫ĹŤԶΪƾĶ٣񲻿ա
˵ⷬٶٴ˵ĲĿ߳ɵһ֮ɫоǶǿӰɵôģµӰʣµǱһֻĵ΢Ц
ҫ˴һЦҲΧ˵۹⣬֮뿪ˡ
һ˵е㲻ԾҸʱĳЩ·˵һģһݵɰҫ߱ʡ
ȻģڵĹ˿ɲֹһ΢Цص
ҫüͷ΢壬ʵ֪ǣǶ٣ڵָôֻҪ֮󣬱㲻ܳȥ
ô˵أжٸҲ֪񶼳ǧʷôһʱ뵽ˣûһҲаǧ϶ٲˣ
ܲܳȥǿ϶ģԳȥǽ뵽ԺĹˣ쿼ڹȥ֮󣬶ᱻȫֵ˴ߣȻǵѡȥ⣡һˣøġ
Ҳ֪ĹεķңˣгԹմĵһЩĳԹӱܲˣ޿֮ҪһأԳһ磬Ƽ̬ҲǼѣȻõѡԵ񶼵Ĺˣʮа˾ǲȥġ
ֻҪѡµĹˣôһӣҪ¯ᣬժ¡ѡȥĹˣᱻ⽻ֱӴͳȥص͵κһطȻ𣡡
ҫ˵ͷٴʵԭˣµĹˣʲôô
Ȼ˴ý⿪⣬ĹڵõȨһ棬Ҫ񶼵ԭס࣬ܵõϵȨޣ˵һǶʲô⹱ף򣬾㵽ǳɾޣ
Ĺ׿治СأͬΪˣȴܹξսսܶӳͷȨޣӦòߺŵİɣ
ǻ˵
һ·̸֪İٲǰҫͷȥǸƣⲿ԰յأнǧƽ
濴÷Ϊһһǧףߵһߴǧ׿⣬ǴҲǧҵĸ߶ȣ˵Ǹ߿ͷĵ칫¥Ҳֻðݡ
ҴӦѾͷֵģʱҪأҫʵ
֣ҫһȰǧǧҪŮȥ֣ڵġͻȻëȻĶһӣ·ԹΪ塣
ҫԵúܺ棺·ûʲô˵İɣ
ײĲᣬðһ£ұ֤ᣡĶȥߣһҪ£ҪȥǱߣһ͵ģҲӦòֲʶŮˡƲƲ죬ڻصҫҲǲΪȻʼ硣
ٲõײſڣóؿһöԼϣһöҫͨſڵɨɨͫʶɨ裬һŮԵӺϳȷϣսܶӳٰҫ׼룡
ǰ޷첣Ļǽã̧룬һĹ㳡Լ·شĹԱ
ڹ㳡ܱԵŲķ䣬಻ʤм䴦ͬճȺӣףÿһȵĺӵ㣬һֱͨϵ͸ͨ滮Ͻּࡣ
ҫǵһٲõڲΥĻȻ֮Ŀɿڴı飬ٴγ֣ûûûϢûûƤİҫٴι
˵ĿˮҪһûıòãͲֳܱ˧һ𣡡۾һΪ˵Ϊҫǲӵı飬ʵ˲ҹά
ûҫСֹš
һͨǰͨͣٲõĵʮ㣬ҫٴγ֮󣬶ߴŮԵӺϳʮ㣬⣡

ڰٲõĶ㣬һİ칫ڣ谵ĹߣӳĴһͦأν˶˫ָӰ
ѽѽѽڵˣôҲӦ֪ˣ


ʮ 񶼵Ĵԣ벻òĶ
⣬˵⣬ʵһ鼮ֽų֣һֳƻõƽг֡
ǽ뵽ˣÿ˶һƻСԲεĿзȡ΢ģ飬뵽֮Уͨļ䴫书ܣҪһȫ䵽ĴУݡ
Ȼϴ䣬ֻǴѣҲ˵Ķӵķ㣬ֱӳΪе̼䣬ҲûдԼ䴢湦ܣֱ߱ӵļֲ빦ܡ
ҫĿɿڴĿŹ㳡ڣ㳡Բβ֣мһƬԲοյأյظߴʮףףһ׵Բֱ񷶥
ԲıһŵΣһȦȦſǰҶһͨͨԣһŵĽ壬ܹΪĸ
ÿڣʮϵĿ࣬ÿһ϶һתԼһΰۣÿһԶԶſһͷ
ʱڣҲ٣һЩվڽǰߵԲ̶һιǰǽ˫ĿһվԭأƺʲôұͬеɻеϲеüеظΪԼ졣
⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣҫ΢𾪵ĿǰһУ˵
ٺ٣ҵһʱ뷨Ҳһ˵ʵڵģҲܺ棬񶼿ѧԺȺ̥Ժʿôĵôһ漣˵񶼵ĴˣֻҪȨ㹻ԲκһҪѶϢ
ѶϢϣȫԳƵǣֻ벻û˵ģֻڵŶǹĴ󲿷ѶϢϣҲУ
һ΢Цܹ֮󣬴ŰҫǰȥͬʱٴҫΧһУᳵ·渵ľٶӦûѶϢϡ
ĸȨ޽зָϽΪȨ޵һȨ޵ϲ򣬶ڴصȨ޵ϲ׼صȨ޵ϲϽصȨ޵ϲ
ĴϽǵ࣬˵ϡ٣ûʲôˣϽǵصȨһ˶ûС
ҲǣӵصȨ޵ʲôݣˣصȨ޵˹ʮ˶ûУ˼ҪʲôѶϢϣǿֱӵĵԼ봦ģõܵôûݵĺòá
ҫϽǵĽһſǰ֮ľңߵԵúǿԶ֪ףֱ㳡ıԵһվԭأ˼졣
ҫ֪Ѿһϵ˽⣬ǣ˵ʵڵ˽Ļ͸һЩȾָĵʱˣȻˡ
һЩڵѾʸ֪أ㻹Ƕ˽úãǡڵһѯ߱˵ʸ֪ѶϢ
Ȳ˵Ȩ޽ȥȥˣҲȰòҪģΪǿƥﰡ
ҫƲƲ죬һĻصǆ£̫Ƶãˣ֪ˣҷֵЩ֪ЩҲ߱ܵģֻǣһ㲻̫ףΪʲôֻһ
ΪΪˣЩӦöеһЩԼܼ飬ܱбİ˸ֵȥҪãǻһΪ㣬ĬĬܣһЩԼɢعͷԺһΪʱӣ
˵΢΢ͷһֱͣЦݣʧ٣˵ĸһֺܵĸоͺΪȥĳеһ㣬ԵúȻˡ
˵˵һ䣬ΪˣӦöеһЩҲ˵ǷʹҲᷢˡ
ۼʧ䣬ҫҲǲ̾Ϣһǰߵļǰȥʱһ仰ȥĶѾȥˣǲ֪񶼵ĿƼ̶ûдﵽʱУҲܽȥصڣȻڵأֵܣ˫ۿǰɣ
΢΢𣬳ŰҫıӰ˵ͷڵôȻȥˣǲʱŵģʱ䣬ԲȨµκѶϢϣӣҪҪУҪٵŶ
ҫҲͷְ̧˰ڣٴεȻһЦҡҡͷתȥ
ҫǰȥÿһ壬ߵԲζ󣬶ʾڵѶϢƣ˲ӣҫ಻ϰ֡
Ŀȥ뾡ͷһεľ룬ҫƬٷ֮һ·̶û꣬ò̾ľ޴ԼѶϢϵĺռ
ڰҫǰȥҪһЩйھֵľʱͻȻ߹һʱеƽ˲ȤһֱǰĽ塣
ʷģ򣡡
ҫԴǰĽ壬˼һ˵ʵڵúܹ죬ʲôܣָ񶼶εεôǿҵĺƶ£ҫȡģ飬úһ
ʵڵĻôеֲ죬ģ飬ӦóģӦϽǵصȨŶԡ
ͬʱҲ뾡һа취ֹҫȥģ˵ʵڵ治֪ҫǿԣܲȥģڵѶϢϡ
Ȼڳİҫ˵ķֵʲôʲôʲôҪ벻ҪģֻҪȤģ
ҫվڽǰ˵ȡģ飡
ɨһ°ҫ˫ͫдһŮԵӺϳɨϣ¡սӰҫ٣صȼȨޣģȡȨޣȡʱΪʮСʱģ鹹Сģ鹹ϣȡ
صȨޣҵȨ޲ǶôˣȨȻԽԽãԽԽôģҫŰۣ˶üë
ڽ·ΰУһųһķ͸ƬҫƬУжʱһַǿɣòĸоһּǿҵĲȻ𣬳Ժ
ҫ˦˦Դָоɻ֮ȥֱߵĴľԲǰձҪΣԶ£ЩεֻΪܸʵĽвѶϢϣҪȨϵˣʸ
԰ҫոշԼصȨ˵˵ˣֱγһ⾲ҶԣӦоУȫʳ̶ȱθֹֻǰҫ֪صȨ޵ıѡ
ҫбϣԶڳڰҫΣʺϵʽǶȣҫеޱȡ
ҫ˿еαƬ˫Ŀһ䰲װڶϵİУһӿϮҫʶı۾ߵĶԵһιס˰ҫ۲
ʷģʼġ


ʮ ǰһУ벻ƽ
棡ⲿȨǿƵ룬ϵͳΪȨޣʮӺȨ޽ǿƸǰҫصȨޡȨ޸ϣ±дģȡ򡣡ģȡ±дɣֳɹдģ󻯳ģ󻯳
ҫĶгһŮԵӺϳʱ޷֣˫۷·עǦһأȫʧ֮󣬰ҫǰȻʣֻǰľʵ𾪲ѡ
ڰҫĽŵ£ɫĻҺɫỤ̃ڴ֮¥֮вͣӿڣ֮ϣ˳ӿȺžֻҵı±ӣ·׷ǡ
һӶԲʷľʿһڻȺڣһ߷ԼǰͬΪĵкеĻǹӵһ̨̨̹װ׳֪ԼǰĵãҲɲͣĹȥ
ը˷ЩӵкʵװӴε̹װ׳ڵǰֽһ㣬ǱԷһ֮±㲻á
һЩеĴߣʵֲޱȣ֮ʱΧǴľˣһ֮¼ɢʮϰף֮Զգ֮㽫̨ʮ̨ʮ̨̹װ׳
ҽ쳹ͣ˵Ѫ֮Уǵ٣һЩδĺͯԼĸĻС
ЩڻȺڳ˵ľʿǴǹеӵҲηֱǰԼĵ˽ⲫȻǵľٶԼǰԵúãûܵһ붼ᱻԷࡣ
ҫ֪˵ʲôˣֻĿɿڴĿǰһĻ֪øʲô֪ôǰһеĹ̶ȣƽ֮¡
к桢⡢Ũ̡ҺСһеһУڰҫǰ֯һƬ˼ľ󣬰ҫˣǰĲҳ档
ڣȺѹȺԵĵˣһȺ书ˣһȺԼһʽø߷ɸߣеĹˡ
ģ󻯳ģ󻯳ԭˣ壬Դģɾ󻯵Ļ棬ҿĸһôǺǣľ尡ҫһ˿Ц
ڴʱҫİУıһ춯صĺ𣬰ҫʶĻͷһһܼսߴһЩսǴϴ·ҫǸʵڵ͸һ㣬޶á
ҫ֪ǰһж־󻯳ĽԼǰһ˵ֻһͶѣ൱վڲͬάȵĿռ䣬ۼ֤ǰһС
ǧսըװֱԼʲôʲôƺƵĳսڽսٿ֮󣬷ֿϰٹɶΣɢܣӵնԵصĸǣһսе֧ԮǶס˵᧿Σս֡
սȺĸϵνǼʱ꣬Ե˵ĴҲһãЩϻڿĴ׵ĵʯɽһЩеĹ˸Ǳݺݺ俪ĸǱֱ˺Ƭ㲻Ҳ˲ᡣ
ضԿյĺըЧҲĺܣĴ˵ֱⳡսǿԮϵ֮һЩȺб
ҫһһ𽥱ѹȥĹˣ̾ϢһҡҡͷвûɿԽĳأǰȺˣʵй˵ĻôǺþ
·Ϊӡ֤ҫ룬ڰҫǰߣٵӰХٶȿĲ˼飬գۼҫǰ״ͣΣȫնƼΪʢҫǿüͷֱ壬д㵲ѡ
նǽʲôߴﵽЧ˵Ⱥȫǳ񾳵ľ֣񾳱ɴײô˰ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬱Цͣ
Ϊ֮飬֮飬ʶǷȱ֮ܡﵽ֮ʱ顢λһ壬и̤նиɻղˮ𣬰ٶ֣ɣΪ
Ⱥ˸ϵ֮θȣΪ׵һڷͫһ׷ͯյʮӰ·ɳЩڶԵӭͷʹսȺлƴݻ١
ҫ۹⼫䶾Ŀ飬ȻֱܷϹǵʵ࣬ͬʱһԾĵ壬˵ʵ̫ˣ˵ҫ˶ƽеľ㵡
ⲻƽĲƽⳡս۸ͲҪٴȥˣʤѶҫĺһ£ҡͷ̾Ϣ
еĹˣ񾳵ľӹɣ׾ٵĽһܼսƵûƣǱӵ뵼УЩҲɺ˵ĽƣǴӹǴӷеٶһԱȣ֮֮
ϵĹˣȫʥĸ֣һĻʿеǹеӵ𲻵˿ãеӵھʮ֮㱻ֵ⣬ʱƽ״䣬ηкҲá
Ӵʱ˿̵սʤѾҪ˵ˣһӮˣЩִսȺǰĲ磬ѹеķԵüΪ
ŵյ˫ܣⶼȺⷽѵΣĹͷʿڽܣսеͣĴݻ٣ò˶ãҫµһоҪ
ҫѾٿǰս֣˫ĿһգգĶ׿⣬Ϊ׵ˣҫ˾ǹ˴֮ˣ˵òȿԿ˵ʵ֮ǿͨ쳹֮ܣ׽֮ҫҪˣƫƫǰմȾһһ㣬ԵģһƬ
սȺʮ֮˾֮ڰҫͷϷٴһ󣬱֮ǰսȺʱҪϰٱĺ
һִĽԲ壬βųĻյҫǰսֱ׹£׿նĹȴΪ׵ֱһ̧ǰ¡
ֱµһ̣һͷ֮ĺɫʯẒ́ӸտʼС㣬Ϣֱ֮ʮװľ޴ƿն䣬ȺԲ׹ȥ
ߵʣڸԵ׹֮£Եð𺳡


ʮ ĺô
⣬ҵĹ⣬ҵҫ˫Ŀʹᣬʶȥͬʱ˫ĿĺĶĤҪѪ
Ȼǰһж־󻯳ģԭȵģֱӾ󻯳Ľǰҫܲס
ҾãӵȨ޵˵˭ҿⷽصʷأҪɱҰҾûǿֵĺãҲ̫һɣҫһ۾һŶ䣬
ڰҫ˫֮ǰһƬĻ糱ˮӿ͸Զﲻֹ·汻֮вϵɢȥƬպݺݸǣ涼ӰһƬĳ֮ɫ
ڻͬʱһſĢƳͣڣеһƽֿ㣬ԵùĪĿȥٸںŨܵĢƾþδɢһĳϵĴ̼ŰҫӾࡣ
ӹҲ֪дʱļ򵥴ǵʱĳĹôãǰĻĢѾʧ
»صһƬ֮ɫ治º˳⣬ȴޱȣҫ̧ͷ죬оµԵúܹ죬հ׾ϾԴһֵ֮ɫ·֮ʲô֣һƵá
ҫ˼޹ֻҷ£߻عǰʱսȺʧһɶնĹˣԼ鹥ƽɱ¾ĹˣҫǰѾκνеֿĶвӣֻɱ¾
ҫ˫ȭ߬ţƬɱ¾֮أƬ֮أּս֮Уĵ˲Ƕе޹ȺڣȺֻΪɱ¾ɱ¾ĹˣԼͬݵĹˡ
ҫԸˣԴڣԸһƾĶΪֻ֮£ֻҪԼ϶˵뷨ײͷѪҲҪȥɣе뷨˵ɽʯ
ԸʹȻ£òƽ֮£ѹɱ֮٣ֻڿһ־󻯳Ļѣʲôˣֻܵһ͡
ֻŽ´󰧺ֻܿŽһµ޹ߣֻܿŽµĵѪӰΪֻܿ
ʱսѾһ浹ȫҪ˵׿ߵĺ׷ͯ˽Уʮ֮ʣǷݵأǻϵЩʣĲ඼вӣԶһͣԶȥɷңѪȡ
ҫĿǰһĻ˵ʵڵģʱԺУѾʼϵĿǰһУĴȣҫǻֻͨôֱͨӶ־ĻУʲôŵĻǾǲͨˣɵǰ׳ա
ҫνʷģ飬֮Ѿһŵ˽⣬ڵһοʿķװΪеĹ˴ʱѾʼһĴ⣬ֻĽе㲻Ŷѡ
ڴʱȺնĹҪԶԶ֮ͷһī޽ֱ⣬¸żԶİҫܸоǷǵļ¸С
ҫ֪īڵľ޽ֻһֵľ󻯣ǣ֪֪󻯳Ļеļ£еΣգеһױȵ
ɫ޽ڿ֮󣬰ҫĶ߿ʼϵһƬûķԾԽԽ죬ʱʵϵİҫѾ麹ͣ
־󻯳֮ڵİҫĿǰ棬ܿռһͣܵȥһǿռʼĴϵĻ纣һ㣬Եޱȡ
īľ޽һıӶĴпռȻһСЩǹڣȴŨޱȡ
ҫΪռмھ޽ǵľͷֱ治壬ڱ˰ҫܿ߷Χ֮ڡ
ֱ岻ͣҡֱϾգûкХûƷûһ˿һ춯·һоӦˣӦ㣬Ȼͬþʹڵһ㣬ðҫ㵵˵˴㵵ı顣
ھ޽֮ʮ֮ھ޽ɢȥǿռҲʧҫһŭ׻հı֮漴һƬƬɫƬ£Ƭ㣬ԵüΪ
ҫüͷ壬ŲͣµɫƬͻȻһ쳹صĻص
˷֣ȴһɾݣɱ֮˷أֻȡϾһأǲӣɱ֮⾩֮أͽͽ䲻ðɱ֮
ĸ˵дĴʣֿˣҾֱһ㣬Ⱥ˵һˣϷľǣҪˣҪ棬ӻӭҪңһһĻǡⷽصԭסȫǣ׼뿪Ը
˵һ䣬ˣⷽعˣӽһ㣬Ϊ֮

ҫˣһһӣ˰ĺôţôô죬ȥôͣô͸ĳôأ
ҫ˦˦ԴԼԺǷݿЦ뷨ɢ۾Ŀǰֱɵĺʧ֮ߵľͷҲǵһɫ޽ķһȺӰΪ׵Ļһꡣ
ֻǵ˸ϵ֮ϻǵϵйˣ뻮һֹͣԼľٶȫ嵥ϥ¹ΨһǺ׷ͯյӣֻҾ񣬿ɼݣΪ
갺׶Ȼҫò˾ֹⷽй˵䣬ҫҪȥȻԼ޷ֻգĿ겻ͣĶ˵ʲô
֮
ܰ˵ȵ֮еĹ˲׷ɱŶеȺȫɢȥʧΣ֮ƺ̾Ϣʲô̧ͷգҡҡͷ֮󣬷ߡ
棡ȨϽģʽʷģǿԽ
ҫ˫ĿȻȻصʵǰľص񶼵֮ڣҫе΢Ĳ죬ʷĲûûĳ֣ڳ˶٣ǾͲö֪ˡ
Ȩ޸֮ˣϣҫ֪̫࣬ʣµһ֣԰ҫʱʵ˵֪˾ǻˡ
Ȼûȫ֪ʷģǴӰҫոյõѾ㹻һˣҫδ棬ϣĺţͬʱи˵
ô


ʮ ֪Ĳ
ɸ磬᲻̫ˣ
֪
ǶһϹͷˣνǸӣøѹ̫ô
֪
ɸ磬һǾе֮ˣС츳ǱޣΪ¶һ߲᲻̫ϧˣ
֪
񶼰ٲ֮ϵľʮŲ֮ڣһһɫۣߵɫƵĺ췢꣬ڶһλͷӣͣ߶ʲô
ֵ֪ޱȣ˵ʵڵԺйԱȣȴԵùϧˡ
Ҳ֪¥ʬһǰֱеİҫӰǱʲôƸ֮ӱóĬ˺ܶࡣ
壬֪˵ʲô⼸ǰ˾ͽҲʹңҵôشҲôش㣡ֻǹ⿿ǼֻϴһҲû취еİ취ԣʵһУ֪ĿתĿ¥ʧǵİҫҲԷڻص
˵֮Ǻ췢Ȼʲô̾Ϣһҡҡͷڻص˵ûΪ˽㲻ģҲòôˣ
ҵĺѡУǿԼδֻΪⷽصδĲòȥҸ滮õδȥУȻܲƽǣ㻹뿴ĻôǸֻѪʬĻ档˵
췢ӵ˵ͷǷ죬ǷأǸ档еһֹ̾Ļ棬ֻһξ͹ˣľ͹ˣԸҲٿ
˵ܳɹĻһأôʱԹҪɱҪУҲǣֻǣǷҪôˣοʱĲ˰ԴֲɣĻص֮ԴżΡ
ɸ磬СæôѾӽĸ߶ˣʵ˵ļ룬ʱԻΪǿ췢ʲôʵ
ҡҡͷһڻصΪǵΪѾˡҵѹҪƣֻҵģ֮İ
췢ٴ̾Ϣ˵ͷǿֻܿˣɸ磬ĺѡ˻ʣ
ˣԭʮˣֻʣˣӻص
ôʲôҪҵĵطͿڰɣ췢˵֪ǷǣҲ֪ƣʵ޷ı䣬Ҳֻ˳Ȼ¥°ҫɪıӰʱٴ̾ϢڵӦģ
ں췢ӣ䣬նȻһƬһſ㲻ͣ׹䣬ֻСѣĴڰҫϣıӰԵԽɪ
ӿ¥½Զȥİҫ漴˸˵壬ڿʼҪӿˣٲҲҪȥҪ㡣
ҫǰţ̧ͷ˿е㣬üţ񶼵ĻģϵͳҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ׵磬ﶬģ⣬˵ϵͳҲǿѧԺĽ֮ܳǵŪ˶ٸ֮ܳƳĶǾƷǽܳɣ᲻ҲⰡ
ɪǺ췢ڰҫڿµĻҫƻᱻ췢һΪ˳գȨ꣬ʵ֤еϹˣȻϹĵĻӡ
ʶΪҫܲʷһּ¼Ͼ˵һμʷƬΣԵеãȻʧ룬ʧǵģ֮顣
ҫ߳ٲָ֮омζʧǣãȻʧ룬ʵأЩͳͳǼ󡣰ҫֻԻĸоΪˣе㷦е㲻жѣԶıӰȻȻľͰɪıˡ
ҫ˿գԼͣµ㣬ԼɱĶƤƲƲ죬ش󣬳Է󣬹ⷽصʷسĲѶϿɲҰҫԸأƤʵʡ
ҫ˫סԣҲ죬ϣʪоҳԵĸоҲôһνҵȥ
ôеģãȻʧôҲеģҲֻڰҫʷĵļڳֵ֮أЩȻ޴档
ͺ˵ʷĹⷽľޱ䣬θɣһеһж԰ҫ˵Ȼ棬ǣҪȥ·ҲҪȥ
ѵΪʷޱ䣬ҫ͵ò費˼ѻþòã𾪣һ겻ᣬɱ
ԸǴڣʲôǴڣ˵˽ǧҲѹģ˵˾ûûΣ֮Լ£Χʲôǰĵ·ʲôδ֮գʲôǧգֱƾĶΪ͹ˣĲҪ̫̫ࡣ
ΪֻǸԼԣ鷳ˣ𲻵洦򵥵ֶֺΪأҫôģڵ뷨ǳ֮ǰʷеݣųʲô
ˣνʷޱ䣬Ķ԰ҫ̫Ӱ죬ҲǺĸӵˣ̼ѱ֮ԺиڵʱҲֻôӶѣһ벻͸Ūµͳͳһߣȥ¸飬Ǻ췢Ȼеˡ
ҫ磬һҪԷŶ˺ܶóԵأڰҫոҵ֣Ĵɨ跹͹ʱϵɫڣɤ
ҫ˫ĿһĳƷģζֻ˵ҫԹ֮ôһӳԱĶоڳһ㣬˼伫Ʒ֮ζ
ҫһʿڰҫȥ̵֮ĽУһԶ˫Ŀȥķת
ʱԵУһɫڸǵӰֿߣ˴˶
ô
һ˿˵ͳͬһڣĪĸо
ˣ
ǰһˣӿУóһ͸ƽ壬˼£Ļϳһ֮󣬽ԷС
ĺ˽ӹԺ͸ƽϻһ󣬴һֱȽϲõĿʵֻôࣿ
ô͹ˣҷֹͬ£ʣµĽҾˣһЩ޹ؽҪϣҲûáҸ϶ؼģûЩǹȥ
ȫɫ񸲸ǣΣ͸ƽ΢΢֮󣬵һףеԲľʵ׹ӸĺˣߵһӣľԲ׹С
ˣѾʧΣֻʣһͣԭأܵĿռ֮УһΪĻ
ǵĶʲôèĻôʲôԼ
ʣµĺˣ΢΢Ϲ漴еľԲ׹˼ۣɭȻЦڴһֵĹŽս


ʮ Ϯտ֣
ҫųĿŽֱ߷ŶȥľʱʿڷɳҵֵϽǵλã񶼾סլ
ҫΪսӵĸ٣䵽סլȻ֮ѡڵɸɱ֮Դѡĵص㡣
ڶɸѡһ֮ȷλסլȽϿģһһ̨ڱ滹һռذƽ׵ĺ԰ܵ豸һӦȫװװ޾ºҫסġ
ڼ֮ǰĳԷٻҫƼκʿ˾ԵòҫҲߴ٣ɶԷÿСʱʮٶȣǰٶȣʮܻ֮صС
ֻǣҫĪĸоƺҪȵĻؼң²װ˵ʱʿϣѾˣѼñ˾⣬һŮһ·ϵƴ֮ˡ
ڲͬص㲻ͬʱϵĳǣҫúܺЦ֮ĳҪúýѵһԼ
˵Ƕ֮ǰҪ³ôҫ°ͣ˫ĿһֱŴʻ뽼ĵصľͷҲص
ĻŸո£һŮһ㶣漴˫ĿһУڰҫߵӣһһöذ׻ģһմһ⣬ֱ̰ҫϵĴ
ҫҲұһ̧õסͻһ̣üͷһ壬ֱϴһʹоǰסԼһֱֱۣһ㣬ӲĹ֡
ڸʻϵŮӣԼͬʧ֣˫Ŀһ׹һµİťο˲ȥ˺ᷭһȦһޱȣذֱ̰ҫüġ
ҫŤͷԴڵذףҲͱڹһѣ˵ȫ߱һΣոС
һһŮʵڼ죬ֻ̼ɣ˵ͨĸȫϱߡ
ܶ
ҫ˵һٶ˵ٶȣֱץסǰŮӵͬʱӻûӦʱһһۣסӵ
ҫһ˫֣ǯץס˵֮˸ãֻɰҫ˫һǶеذײڽ֮ϣ˶˵Ĺƣ˲ơ
ڰҫӵߣһͷȾû̵һ˿Цǹ׼ˮٶȿ磬ŰҫԴһǹ
飡
ǹһ˲䣬ҫ΢΢һһɫӵӱϻ鲣⡣
ǹˣֻһһŮҲˣеǹɲʲôͨɫǽĸģٱһǹһֹɱǿڰ֮ڣһֱʮֵСϡ
ɰҫȻˣȻӵҪ֪ʱʱ䣬ƶΪԼأܰ쵽飬û
ҫüͷһ壬·װ˵һ㣬˵𣬼һĪĶǾһǣǰʻ˾˴ζų˳⡣
ͬʱһĳţӵĳײϣһųȫɳڣҫڳ֮ϻ˼ף٩٩ͣ¡
ʿڰҫ˾˫˫֮󣬾Ȼûз𣬷ʧȥԴһ㲻ڵϣ˽ʮײֹסȥơ
ҫվϵĻҳһ˿΢ЦǴӳһŮ˵˭ոΣյѽ
ΣҲȲѽԸңôô
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢һУ𣬡˼
ڰҫǰ֮ǰһŵŷɳ˾ĻߵһŮߣ˶ϹϾ˾Ϯͷˡ
ôģֻܹݼ̫ˣֶֿǹģΪ˾ȻֻԼҲδе̫侲˰ɣУĿҫ΢Ц˵
˵ĺеأ˾ժѼñ۽𷢣壬ĿĻǱڸ˰
Ǹոյ¾ˣܲܰ·ÿҶӶؼҳԶأҫƤЦ
ԲյϼȨָҪܴҪߵĲǻؼҵ·䣡ӣɭȻޱȣЦ
ҲǾİɣֹ˽濴Ҫܷģһӣ񲢲۵ļӰҫָָգʵ
ǣԷģѾȨ޶ݵķסˣȻֻʮӣҲ㹻Ǵˣʲôôǰǹ꣬һЦڻص
Ϊ֮ʣȴǺݺݵĵһۣһӣ첻ԣһһŮһۣ̾ϢһҡҡͷȻǹһӻֲ̫
Ҳ˵ҲָӹؼȨޣɱҿڸгָӹټҲǹָӹ٣ָӹٰҫɦɦԴʵ
ӣ΢Цҡͷڵ¼ӰϵͳһôôҲԮոձԺѾװźװãԲеźŶ޷źŷȥģûܾȵ㣬ԣԹɣ
ӲһЦ˫ȭߵ£ʹ˸ɫ˵ͷʾף԰Χ֮ƣҫǰҵ·ȫͬʱʱϻ׼
ҫͷ­΢΢£һڣ漴ŤŤӣЦô˵ڴǣ֪ô
ҫЦڳˣƤֱһëȻĸоֱͷҫһʧͬʱһֱӳű˴˱߶ȥ漴˳Ľ֮ƣżٴһ㾯ܡ
㣡мƣɢӣͻȻ˫ĿһɣһӣоһɽѹֻĻ˵еˡ

ͽ·ˣҪֿԣǷ򣬲᲻
Ӻ󣬰ҫϵĻҳŤŤֽţǰȥ
һŮ׵ĵز𣬶ӱݣѪף˲٣𲻿ұѾˣϥ΢΢ΣƺѾۣ˴緢ʱǱγĶԱȡ
һǸӣԹտ־񣬿ԽԽԶİҫҧ˵
ҫֱֶ̧֮߳˵ɣ
ţҶˣӰɣڶ֣ӵֱдһŮԵߡ
ͷ󣬰ҫŹֱеĶӣǧԼļǰ˵ʵڵĴʱܳһͷţͷۻȴ
ȺϮ˰ŪʲôĽҰ룬һ·ϱ˵ˣӰûУʲô취ֻܿһ˫ˡ
ҫ򿪷֮סˣǰһƬڣĵƶˣΨһȦǰԼǾգİҫ˵һ仰
ҫ磬տŶ
ҫ۾һ㶣һ΢Ц߽֮ʱҫͻȻüͷһ壬ȭ˳ƺеĵϡãݺݺɡ
ҪѾͷҾүү


ʮһ ϼ
PSעʮ½βиĶ
֪ģµҲһۿ㣡ҫޱ˵
Ϊʲô͡˵ƽʱ˵ǳƣȫģµԼĳ̶ȣΪʲô㻹ܹ׾ٵķֱһֲ߷ܻ谵ĻдҲ֪ĸ·޴һ㣬Եúá
ЦôȻôᣬʲôãѾͷҵʱ޿̲飬㣬еıɱΰ룬㵱Ϲⶼһ߸ƨĽ
οѾͷ񾭷ӦǾ׵ɾһȭ˲ɳȥӦҲŶԣҫԹԵ߽֮Упɳ֮ϣԼһˮǰĲ輸֮Ҳȣô𵶵ɳϣ˵
ԭˣʮֱǸҰŪˣӽӵȨָҪʮСʱڽɱԡ
ҷȰһ䣬ֹͣǲ֪νľٶҲŮӵķϣոһȭѾ߷ԲҪսҵģڣ̣ϸҹȥ
ҫܲĴǵ翵һ˲䣬һӿ糱ɱһĨ谵Ļ֮Уһҹյǣֱҫȥ
ҫҡҡͷһӣ˲輸ǰˮˮмԼˮȥмˮƺʲô谭ͻȻʧΡ
ҫ˫Ŀһ׶ҲĳŅ̀־һȭ˳ƺһ죬ȭͷϵĴпԵ֪ҫһȭˣڶԷأͲö֪ˡ
һȭİҫֱһշ쳣Ļɳ֮ϣ䣬֮еĺ⣬ʵһ㣬Եø˫ĿĶԼȭķ򲻷š
һž춯֮󣬴ǳصĺҫһȭԷܲܡ
ֹ֪һˣҲˣɣҫ˫Ŀ֣ɱ䡣
ڴʱƻͨڰҫܣվŮ԰ҫΪģʰΧ֮ƽΧƣÿеǹǶ׼ҫϵһҪ
԰ҫ۽磬ȻܿŮûһ˿һζǹƣԼ쳣ͿԿЩ˾ǾˣƺпĳսӵĳԱ
ǲǾеƣӢеľӢĴս֮һǾҪȶ֮󣬲зˣֻ϶һɫ˰ҫע⡣
һôҫ뵽֮ǰڻ·ϣʿ϶չϮϵĲͬλҲһģһ
ʱ˵ƶҫƺֻҪҫָͻĽɱϲޱΡȻ˿Կڵһ˵Ǹ˾ڰҫߵһɳϣǸαװŮӡ
Ȳߵαװ֮ˣҫµĿǰһס֮һĲ毺õŮӡŮӣǶŰҫŭĿӣԼͣұۣһҧгݵı飬ĶŰҫţ˫ĿеŭԶ׼
ĿʾôαװҫαװŮӣ˵
ҫǱŮһµķȻ֮ɫǹϵָԾĽһҫһȭ˵ŮӣŭɶȵҪΪԼеʵͿˣ̬ȷص㣬ԱߵλȨ޻ְλҪ߹㣬ҪҶ䲻һŹ㣡
ƾ㣡һȭӲסкʸʴʣû˵ķݣҫҲŮһۣҲ֪СǼŮ˽ϾģΪ֮
ˣʲôոһʱ⣬бٴŮеŭͬɽøһ㣬צľҪҫƴ˭֪ҫαװŮһ񣬵һϢģվһԣͣʲô
αװŮӣŰҫǸһЦ˵ͷһű͸Ĥȡ£¶Ǽա
üĿƤʤѩ̷Ӣˣò˵ҲѷֶѣϰҫܸоһܰжӢ⵹ǰҫʼδģüɷʱ˼֡
սӵİҫ٣֮ǰ㿪˸Ц㲻Ҫϣҽһ£ճһϼ֣ھսܶӳһְҫ٣л֮ǰˣϼȻһЦ֮ΪɰҫԱ֮ȴЦͣ˫ĿޱȵĽŶԷš
սӣרаɱ̽鱨֮£˵ֻҪλǰɱ֮ˣûһ˻ڣǵİɱΪһϷƽɡϼܶӳӦûбɣҫ΢΢һЦ渵
ϸأϣҫٲҪϼ˵ͷ΢Цص
ҫ΢΢˫ȭĹǽڱһըһɷ֮֮УֳеսӳԱͷֲ֪ҫδ֣ǹƣѾȫҲֻгϼһˣӰ죬ʼ΢Цͣ
ôأϼ㣬С˽⵽ǣսӵİɱʱ޵ģ˵ԪǩʱŶʮСʱڣսӰɱΧ˶֮ˣһɼ̣Сû˵ɣ
һĻﴫ֮󣬰ҫʱ˾񣬻ͷһſڻ֮УգգһЦҫҲĳ˵ͷ
һ̣ǾŮˣʶĽǹڶ׼ֻ˸ոյתǹͷ֮ʣǹɷ֮ƺֻһ㣬ӭѹ亹ֱ
һԺֱֱͫĶ˲ţ·𳡾תһ㣬ֻҪһ˿ľٶһİҫὫֱӺɱɻɷ֮ɱƣѹе㴭
ϼܶӳ֪ɲ°ǹأҫĵߣǰλˣ֪µľٶѾҵĵԽԽˣҫ΢Ц˵ʵһ漴΢죬Ƴ˰ҫһۡ
ϼŰҫ΢ЦȻвһ˿ļ¸Уôܶӳɱ˱ͷϵͷ࣬Σյĸ֪Ѿﵽ˱ܷӦһ㣬ϼܸоҫǾ仰˵϶ѣǸʵȥʵְ
СãӦþɣȻ˹ɫǣ⣬Ҫ㣬ϣʵشŶϼ˰֣Ц
ǾŮ֮һۣеǹջأҲͬųϼһЦ˵ͷ
һ⣬ãôģҰвʮСӳô
ϼ㣬ˣɱ֮ˣĲû֮ǣֻ˶΢Цصϼüⶶ˶΢Цͷ
ڶ⣬ΪʲôŹأϼ˵֮˵ƱüΪĶţҫüͷһ壬΢ӵסͬųϼţܵľŮٴνַǹ֮ϡ
ȻһЦİҫļǰһڵΪ
Ϊûʤ㣡
ʱ溮˪Ĵ٣ǰ˻ֹˣòãԼȫֵĴ󺺡
ϼü΢Ǹ߸𣬿ڵûȷûʤ㣡


ʮ ɶԣǰ˶
ҫˣֹֻǰ⼸ˣսӵˣȻǱδ󺺴һһŮ٣ǰǰʮ֮ࡣ
󣬰ҫһˣ˲ˣԴֹ֮⣬ŶԷ΢΢ǷԷһû˯ѵģŰҫ˵ͷ˱ǳ¾š
ѾͷҲڰǹĻ͸һӣȡ˰ɣ
¾ű߱˵˹ÿߣһмӵɫ⵱Ҳҫ˵¾ཻɳ¾Ϊ˴ǷԸܹõ˵뾴
Ȼ뷨Ҳֹˣڳ˶ôģ⵱Ҳ˳ϼԼĲǣ¾񶼻ﵽ˲֪˲ĳ̶ȣųɾŵ˶䶼Ǿη뾴
˵ﻰӣСϼһҪģοĴսӵĸ߲һ룬аȫֵ⹫Ҳɲѽϼ΢Цص
¾Ŵһ˿Ц⣬˵ͷڵȻˣòҲãҫСգҲ㿪ɶԣҲμӰɣҲһҪŶ
ϼ΢΢һ㶣漴΢ЦͷͬʱԼǴľŮ֮ǰҫ˵Ůӣƺڽʲô¾ۼˣҲǳŰҫŬŬ죬߱ʾף߿һߣʼдˡ
Сӣֵ˭һ񶼾ͳɣ£Ͳֵܰ㣬ҪǼʱϵҪ˽ǿ¾ǿ׳ı۰סҫĲ׶˵
壬ûУ֮ǰִһɱԶԷİɣԽɣҿûأҫһί˵Ҳ֪ôģڳ¾ǰҫܷŵĺܿһһԶΪ
Ŷָ籶Ǽ𣬲ĴȻָӹصȨޣǵȨֻԼĵд£Ȼ߱ǲͨʿսǵġ¾ųһڻص
Ǿֻйˣ񶼵ڣҲֻѣûˣҫʼ磬˵
ǾˣĸǹҲʮָӹ֮һȨҪһ飬˵սˣһһ޷ǲҲû϶ǵ˾ʲôˣ¾ҡҡͷϸ˵ҫɶĺͷԣһͷûС
˲ˣˮڣҲûʲô˵ģծ಻ѹҳҲ٣Ҳں༸ҷսӵ˱ȽϸȤǺǿô˽ǣҫƲƲ죬һν˵
Сӣ㵹ѵĺܣ˵ҲʵֻҪָӹһԱȫûˡ
ս֮סǱӱϿȥҪǿʵȫǣԼȱ첲ǿ϶ģϼҪŮߣɲСѾͷأ

㣬ǾôŹҿҪһ֣Ǿ˵סһᣬԸǸСѾͷƬӣֱɱ˰ҫֻҪһɣһг䶨Ҳûޣҫ˵Ůӣߺ޵ҧ˵ʱʱҫƳȥ
˵֮ǾŮ޲գ߲ţǰЩʲôоåİǰ
ǾľӢǾӢеƣеľӢͷսܶӳԼǵĸٶˣаȫֺ˲ŵ̹ܽԼ֣ǾŸȥȥʻ̥ʲôûһӶסֱӱѹƽ
ǰŮӻ浱·˼ˣشԣͷʶ̣ϲô˶ΪŰԹŮӡ
СϹ֣Ǵ˵ĵȻȥҸС֣ܲܰӻϿƳɹļҲ̫Ҳֻܾˣ
ϼûƳ˳Сһۣ˵ʵڵģԼûòжĻҪˣǵĻԸʵ˲ҹά
Ǿ˵˵ͷȥСȴɺܲĳųϼ˵㣬бҪô˾⣬ҿҲûʲô˲ҲûͷѽôǸ
ðпö࿴Щڵϣʶñ˳ЦҼ򵥵˵ɣƲ塢ҫ˲˵ڵʮ˵սܺͣѾڣֻսˣǸӲӲأǸðأ
УҲҪСܲģҲİȫγԼһõǰɼʵǰЩ˹Ҳȥ˵֮أǸҫҲѾᵽ˰ɣ
ϼ̾Ϣһ˵Լսû˵ӻҪͣҲǱӻҪ޶ۣһôá
㣬ǳ־Լ磬ոֻһʱѣŻһ֣ҪҲһͱ˵ˣ˵ôǿôûСɲ
Ļϼҡҡͷ΢΢һЦĸ˸СԴڵ
ҵȻѽ
Ǿҵ˼ȥ

ڰҫϼ̸ֳ֮ԵֶͣѾȫֵĴ󺺣ɳ֮ϲ̸֪ʲôżӶ׼ϵʳʣȺǣǲֱ˴˵չĳ֮䵹Ҳ粻١
ҫ¾ţϼС˼̸֮Ц˷ֳٴߣʼԽҫҲ̸˵һЩ۵ԸΪӽ仰һơ
ڳϼҫǸ߿˼ۣ֮ǰһҪҪɱļƣתۼֱʧһ㣬˵ЦҫܣǳȻ̸䣬ȻСǸܲѺõ񣬵Ҳûֳʲô¶֮ǰҲͲ١
ͷӶԺڰں˳뾫ʳƷ֮Ժ֮ڣҫǰ棬СԶһ˫۵תҲ֪Щʲô
˾λ֮󣬰ҫǰʳðֱӣڻʱ򣬾ѾĲˣֻҪһ£ɶԿʼͻͻբ֮ƣɽ֮ǰʳдɨ
ֻǰҫԸˣԺ֮УСˣ˵ҫ٣֮ǰĲ񫣬ٽ֣͵ǰ˶ˣô



ʮ һ֣뾪㵣
ͣСӧֳһƬ˵ĿⶼתˣϼҲͬ΢Цͣȫû˼ü΢ҫг¾ˣǻһۣһҪϧҫ
ҫأ۷˸оʱȥһ㡣
Сҿ˰ɣ֮ǰһȭѾ˵ˣҾûҪٴȥ˰ɣҫҡҡͷڵ
ҫ֮ǰҴѣҪΪԼеʵͿԲѱСҲ̫˰ɣСĻƢһӾͱˣŭ
Һôûаҫ㶣תͷܣΧ˳⣬һȷʵŵı顣
ϼܶӳҫһ۳ϼʵ
սһжҫٻ鰡ϼЦ˼ԲⳡܰҫǷǴ򲻿ˡ
ðɣǶ㲻ȥˣôʼɣҫŤŤӣһЦ
Сݺݵҧҧһڣ˫ӥһסҫһһʱҫǰֱֱҫʺȥֿޱȣ쳣
ҫ΢΢һ㶣С˵Ц־Ǳɱ֮ƣҫͷһڡ
дѣºְɣ˵ɱ֮ɲã棡ҫĶԺе뷨һ죬һƫպöһ
ۼԼһУСŭЦֵ˳һأֱҫ󾱣֮ǰһֻУȵľǰҫ࿪Լ˳
Сðҫ֮ģôһֲɰҫôûУҫڶԴԼֵʱ򣬴УܶԷʵΣŮҫԴ
ֵٶȼ죬һǿҵķѹֱҫ󾱶ȥҫ̧һײԷСۣͬʱֱһһתСֱжһߣֱֱڳСĸһͣڳСǰһִ
Сصһĭ˫۵ɵĺͭһС̫Ѩһ亹£ôһҲԼҫĲ࣬˴֮Ͳһϡ
ҫʱڳСнֻӰ壬̸ʲôܣԼķӦȫϰҪǣҫԣԼڹѾ˲
ϼܶӳѾ飬ֻǣǲҪ̫ˣҫ޶ȵģҫҲͷôԼֱ׼С沿˵
ߣһû䣬飡СƢѣܲñ˰ֻĿҫֱۣȿ缲磬Ǳȣݺݵ˦ҫ
ҫ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷСȿ죬ҫָ죬һ׾ٵĵסСıȣСֻоڸһ㣬ֹһʹʶĳ޳Ƚţڴʱҫȭˡ
ҫһֱȭȭѹ棬óСͷһһȭͷͣڳСǰһִһ֣һָոպá
裬ױȵ˳СͷԴϼսڽ̴ⷽ棬ϼ⣬ڶоһָ
ɽվȻڰҫԱŭܹ˵Ļôҫʱѳɻҽˡ
Сٴ̧ȥҫֱۣȸո̧һ룬Ҫһֱţһǿιҫȱһ࣬ٴͣһִ
ˣСٴˣǲҫٵĶ֣ٽȥҲãɣϼ΢΢һЦٻ
СһûԼҧϡ飬Ȼ֪ԼȫǰҫĶ֣ǣֲŭʼ޷ʧһ˫Ŀҫʱٿɱһݡ
ҲֻôŶѣϼٻòһص˳ϼߣֺ֮֮ȥļƣҫĿѡ
һҪʧȥǵˣôױһ仰Ϣģųɾŵ˼ɳСֻƢȻˣôϼûϿȥôĺƿװ
ҫԸĳСصϼߣ߲֪ԳС˵ʲôСܲ˼Цһ󣬾Ȼ԰ҫ΢Ц
һҫкȻޱȣǰ֮ķҫе㲻֪룬ͬʱҲԳϼ˼ŨĺģŮԽԽĪˡ
ҫ򶼴ˣҲҽְɣһͳɤҫʶĻͷ˵ǰȫֵδ󺺡
򣿡ҫΪԹʵԼɶʲôʱɱˣҺҶԼƵãԼûôźòá
ҽл䣬ȫֺ˲̹ܽ٣ɣΪ˲ɶԵУֻ߳ǻƴһͺãΣ˵겻ıԵ쳣
ҫ̾˿ԼʲôùˣԿڷôѣԷѾУҲԼԸֻܶŻ˵ͷ
һװͦڰҫͷ֮һ˲䣬Ųǰһҫ˲üͷһϢӭһǿҵΣոļ¸С
ҫڣʷ֮Ҳ鿴ڴȫֺ˲ŵ̹ܽ٣ͷǹģ˵ĸоͷ
˲ڳԱ࣬ȴǿ֮ǿÿһԱﵽĴսڶӳʵΪ̹ܽٵĻʵжǿأȻ¶ƾ˵⡣
һǰȥһĴݲȣÿһµƶһ֣ߵҫǰʱ˵ѾǿҵһŽҪĸ߱һ㣬Σޱȡ
ôСˣ˵ȭɰСȭͷݺݱԱԼϰͷİҫ˳ƺȭ쫷һһȭƵޱȡ
ȭѹ棬ҫһͬһֱ쵽ޣ·һʵ׼ӭֱȭҶԺ䡣
飡
һײӰţЩսӵĸǣ˶оԼ౻ʲôݺûһ㣬쳣ܣᡢϼ¾šЩӵܶӳʵ˵Ӱ첻ȴ¶֮ɫ
˫ȭѹһײһɢýһЩĸ߽Ųֱӱըڻȭͷҫײһ˲䣬¶һĪЦݡ
ȭ˲һšȭȥ֮һͬǿȭٴγֱ֣ӺڰҫȭϣֻǰҫĶžη
ҫұһʹϮһɺɽһȭ˺ݺѹȣֱкףֹסȥƣ漴־֮ɫ䣬ַķʽ
ɱǣ
ǹ׼ɱôǰȫڣȻɱ


ʮ ͬţһԣ
ʮ 
ͬţһԣ
Ȼɱ
ҫţֽʲôɱжеĶηɣҫԲϴɱǱһԵļȥɱˣصһЩţԼĶؼ˵츳ѧġ
Ҫġ塢ȫϣ츳ֻǱҪ֮һѣɱǣǾǿսʶǿ֮⣬Ҫ涨Ķ빥ʽаٷ֮ٵģ¡
ܽĹ֮ʱǱĬлܲһַǳ׼ȷսֱڲ֪ʲôԭ򣬽вδҪƱػһ䶯˵Ʋ֮⣬Щֶ߽ε߱䡣
ȻԵһ޶ǿ߽Ʒֵ֮ѧţܲ߱ôƷ־ĳ̶ȣͿѻܳΪţɿðЦġ
ν߱䣬ȻⷽСãУԼڰȫɱǵĹ˻٣ֶˣռ̶ȣɼһߡ
ԣķʽһηͳİǰĵӶײڵһȥųɾŵʱ򣬵ڶͨת뼡Ķ·һмѹƶɾصȻɳ
ǣķʽȡһɣһҪȥһ˲䣬ûгнȥɾȫȥȻɵڶԷһֲȻȥηķʽһģһʵϣȫǲ֮ǧ
ҫͷ˼ǧһʱ仹еû취ܣɱǵļ񶼰ȫ֣ôǲǴҲƷɵӰӣ֮ˣвĶӰôǸʷĹʮа˾ҲйϵǸֱɺåһĺû
֣֪ɷȻɱһģҫʶıȭҾʮϰĸĲˡ
ҫ뿴ⱾȻɱĿǲɱǣǸһֻǷűȽϽӽѡ
ɱǣôҫһһ˵һǵĻǻ˵ҲǿӦášҲϸԼǰͬŰɣϾļǳƷ֮
ǰȫ߻ܣܸ㣡ľܾ˰ҫü̾Ϣһ˵ͷ˭֪仰һתҫϲѡ
Ҫȫңܽ㣬ֳֻ˵֮󣬻صһߡ
л֣ҫ΢Цȭһ
лңҪллɣصԸʹȻ˭ʼնһ
ҫ˵ͷתͷԶ޽ƣںԺ԰ҫıȶƺȤҫԷ⸱ģӹһ캿С
ҫ磬ûѽĳڰҫָѾ׼ҫĺ⣬һӾҪʼ
ҫһίĻͷ˵Ѿͷҵ°ԩģǡ
ʲô˼ǿˣдҲҲ߲ܰɣúõɶԣͷͱˣˣסҫ⣬˳ʱһٰʮȣʱһٰʮȣš
԰ҫ˵ССŤʹĸоûУװһʹ飬Ļġ
üΪԹ˰ҫһۣһɶԽںúʰı飬ԺĴ
յϤĴһһɫȹгżţǧ˿Ȼ£Ʈݶ鶯ϻ˵ױԵף·ʳ˼̻һ㣬˶Ŀһ£׸߸Ьµߣеĸˣɢһָ߹Ϣ
һڳȺݺݵĵһҪ֪ҫ£Ƕ伫ȥ׷ˡ
Ȼ˵ǿİҫڳҲֻʱȥ׷һ㶼̫֣ˣȺһĽı飬ҫҲͳһռ֡
лλ٣ǰҫĵ֮գɶҲҷġȻҫڹˣҲеĹˡ
ҲǹˣǵĹﶼһԵ֣֮λʶҲ벻Ե֮һʹȻһҫϲҵܽϸλ˵ѣʵһ¡
ҫҲҪʱĴڣԺλǰգʲôĲԵĵطλຣв֮»λĽ̵Ҷ˱̣һڴлˣ
˵꣬еĸ߽žƱڵĺɫҺһ֮һƬҲǹƲͣ
һģ֮ΪǫЩ켣񶼵ȻܹҫǱ΢Ц֮еİʵʣ󷽵壬ĳãƽ⣬ǷǷô
ҫ̧ǰߣĹһº߸ͦıЦѾͷʲôʱڲűôˣ
ƲƲ죬ţĻҫ磬治˵ߣ
С촫ҫĶУһЦ˸Դ漴һܣ˫ֱȭ˵һֱڿ죬лλ֪֮ˣʿ
ΪҲãĹҲãʼսһһԵ֣Ե߽սڴ˵أҪʼǣ˺⣬ҫֵȣպλѴܹõϰҫģӸűɣҫض︰ԮΥģ𣡡
ҫıΪ棬ʵⷢԷθٴӭ˵кǴ˷ֳռΪҡ
ȸΪ
ҫӹĺƣһںȾձҾܣҲͬʱƱоһں꣬Ǹӡ
ȢĪŮ޷򵱼޴УСһһԣɷ˰¾Ǹ߸΢Ц˵
СӣǺøİ£ĸ֣ôҾˣСֹš
˰ɣǳƢҪ¶ϿǶвŮòʣԸ󣬹ʵϼѣһ赺ϣ֮ѡĽģԴȡЦ֮⣬ڻص
ţȷǾ䣡˵
ܶӳĽʺ˰ɣû£û£ҵսУŮԱ϶ܼ࣬޳ŶϼԴЦ˵
ǵİɱвҰѣȥҿɲɵòãӣ첻µزµᣬԳϼһ־Զ֮ľ⣬ɴ˿ɼϼصʵСơ
ˣλ͵ˣµɶԣʽʼҫ崺Цݣ˵
䣬ҫһжʳѸײڶ춣˲֮ƣǰΪһӰֱ˲ȥǶˡ


ʮ ׼ȼ۽
ġҫ٣Ͳ֪˭սӣ´İɱôϼŵһڣϵľƣЦʵ
ľ˿ֻ׶־ϴӴϵ꣬ǵӴޣⲻָӹָȨûбƵѵҪң
ҫ׷˼ޣֲ߰ͬʳ˵߶µıΣͲˣŪóϼߵĳСе㲻֪룬ᱻѡ
˭԰ҷһôϼ˫񣬿ʵ
ҫ˼˵ɱûбܻƵôֱӸʲô鷳ɣЦڽ͵
ߺԺİҫһĵͷҲûͣ£ץһֻʮֳȣϵƬţţٶΧȺ亹ͣ
㶼öһԣϬСֹϼ΢΢һЦڻصʲôܻƣȻָӹؼȨİɱ񣬵ǣҲܲ¸˾Ųʮͷˣ
ȥѽޣѹľôȷҪңҪʲôôҫеʳ˼ϵƬţţ˵
ûĹ˰ҫһۣٴηϼ˵ͷ˵Ȼ޳ֻҪǷһ飬ҪʱڲΥı֮£Ҫɣô
ɣ˿Ӱգ˿ůģԣ˹ˡǻ˰ɣǹˣ˵ǲŵģԣ㻹Ǳ˵ˡҫٴеʳգ֮ѽϵ⣬еֻʣǽڣٴαǵ
ʮ͹𣬷ϼ˵ͷԴ˵˵УһǺģȻ̵סҹĿ࿴أһ˵ֵ͸¶һ㣬ҪСģ׼ӵɱģֹսӣ
ҫüͷһ壬ֻеʳＸ֮һϴ裬üľٶ˿ʲôζԴָЦ˼Χˣһֱ˼Űҫθʲô죬ô޾ʳ
Ŷװˣˣ¹ľܒ޺Լ£ݵظ˹𣿣ллŶˣˣС˵ʲôȻҺ⾡ĸ𣿣ҫʳ߸߹һƬƤѼͣ
֮һڰҫ漴һ˿ɷ壬̸˵أҫеʳɢǹӵһ㣬ǰ˽ֽý֮ݶ
ϼŰҫΪЦľٶȻһЦ˵ҸõľһֱѧȻɱұ֤һ
ҫ˲ǣԹĿһۣ漴ͷϼ˵ôţҷǽɣеȻɱҲûȷѧ׼ǷͬټҴӦ׼Ǹ˲⴫ԣҿҪܾ㿩
ҫĻԭһȻĳС˲䣬һǹɷߺ֮ɫٴβ֮ϣֿƲסԼϵԸΪ͵ᣬҡͷϲŭɫһ㣬СҪϼѧϰǡ
һ̵ģΪϼһ仰ûзֻ졣
ҫ֮ͫ׼С˶ҡͷ̾ϢһСڵҪȻɱҲɱǣѣܿҲ࣬ȷҪܲ˰;ϿɲҪңȷҪ
СܲĿڻصСңǿҲΪȻɱĻҲδҵĶ֣ҷѧɣҵԻĿ࿴
ҫ˵ͷҲûнԷǲϣڵðɣԺÿߵߵ㣬Сʱû̹ˣҲûͽܣûʲô飬ֻ˵ҵķʽȫ㣬ܲѧᣬҪԼˡ
С֮ĵ˵ͷԴƤЦǲҪǹаʦڰ
ҫûİһۣԴεĿڵ㲻ͽܣҸĵȼ۽ʲôʦڶҪ
ҫ˵֮ͷҲصᡢȥСŰҫǸΪŵľٶüһͬʱֺϼʵ㣬˵ʲôת⣡
ϼȻһЦСգԴصĻصܣҴӦѾˣʣµľҪԼ
Ͻ㣬ģҲʧģһ£ҾͽȻɱѧᣬõ츳ŪأСΪŵǶԸʵظ˵
ɵѾͷȻɱûô򵥣츳δǺ°ϼ뵽΢ЦͣԼõģһж֪ߵغСѾͷԼɡ
ҫߵúԺе˼ʼջصųϼǾ仰ֻҪӦȻɱҾ͸Ҷܰ꣬Σ
˵ʵڵģ˵İΣҫʵУκֱ֮Ӿͽǣ֮󣬵սӵĸ٣ȥִиɱǳ鲻ʱ䡣
ʱˣҫһģ˵ĵָӹصȨ޽з棬Ǹ߹ȨޣĻҲصȨޣҲû취вģ֮£Ҳûһ˿취ˣֻܰ챣˻Ϊġ
ϼȻ˵꣬ڰҫ˵ֻҪ֮һļ֪˵ĽôܳϼǲƭԥĴӦٶ԰ҫ˵ǳɱǡ
οɱѧѧģǵҫҲѾţ֮ǧ֮ѣŽѧᣬ̰ƪ׽צòļǧҰ޴˽һµʱ䡣
͸ɱƾƪǧƪһɵĶˣҪÿ콫ͬһϰɰǧ飬γ䣬ɣҰްսֱҪ츳ˡ
˵С츳ѧûɱǣҫܻɡ
ҫĻϰ߲һھƣʵ
㻹˵տʼǱŵĲ壬ܵопյĸо˵̫ˣܲӦ
ھѧ٣ڳЩĹԭףԼһЩõƧʣ̫˽⣬ѾܹӦˣ
ŰҫĻ˵ͷص˰ɣӦѾҺܾȵˣ󲿷ֵĹ˳է֮ʱһ˶ֿܲƼ裬ʣµһҲ֮òӦֻ˼죬ӦѾ㹻ˡ
Ӧ˵ȷǿлл㣡˵Űҫ˾ٱƺȸɡ
ҫһĻصлʲô
֮תȥһ仰ﴫллҵֵܣ
ҫһЦŻıӰٱ˵֮ͣ漴һںȸɡ
΢΢һЦİҫļ˵ǸӣرװᡣˣҫºһֵĽսҪʼˣҪģ



ʮ Υ˵ķɣô򵥣
峿ҫѣԴԺ֮УǰԺеһƬ࣬ЦһҡҡͷϵɶԻǷң˵ʵڵҲþûôˡ
ϵɶԣ̶ֳȣһʰĵزÿ˶Ǿ˵ֳ֣û¼Ĺϵеֻƴ֣տǰĸҡ
Ҫ˵ȾƣҫǴľһѣᡢ¾šֻþݣֱȰ׿ˮһ㣬ҫ̾磬Ļŵúܡ
ڱ˽гս֮󣬰ҫһαȦȫҲվվȣ˵Ļ±ʳĴͷ״̬ôһСʱֱӸȵĲ£ҲǱĺܣ˿Цѡ
ҫٴʱ°ҹ賿ӣԺ֮еɶûнԽһְȻƣֻʣѵˣֻʣܶӳһȫ󣬶ڵϣʣѵˣҲûţŶϾ
îˣ˱ӣǴʯ̨ʯ˵ѹ£ɢɿ˱˴һҧгݵģƺ˭Էһʱ䵹Ҳֲ¡
¾뻪չ˼ҵۣҲ֪Ϊ˺£˻ҧң˭˭֣צģͲûȫˣ˽Ķģ˿ûжֵͼÿһƿ֮ʱһƿƣֱӺȸɣһĶƵ˼
ҫе˼ϼˣŮԾƴӣչҵĶģŮü壬ûһС˼ǰ˺󣬵Է֮Ǵӵľƣᱻһ˷ǳˬһںȾ֮ٴ˼壬ˣֺȾƵķʽԵŲ١
ҫЦĿǰһУ˵ʵڵģипǧǰһֳʵȫĵķַɵѾΥûˣһҲĹǧ˵ĺ
ȻʱĲãԴӳĹ֮һֱĵزҵĴ١ǧС԰ľգյĴսûôͣЪⳡɶԣȫλ
󣬰ҫֱӼȾƴ֮Уһľƺֻö㣬˺ȵĶ֮ʱȹľҲֻòˣʧȥ˶ĵҫ𴲺ԴŻ类ʯͷҹһ㣬ѣʹ
ھֻڻ˵ɨ֮Ժٴޱȣҫȥ£¶ǻƽеľ׳⣬ȻȥûжҲĳЩδǰ߸¡𣬵ÿһ鼡ⶼǴѵı״̬˵ȥͣ˵ȫ֬Ѿȥֻʣļ⡣
ʱߵ㣬ҫ˯ߵʱ䲻СʱԴ΢ѣʹ֮⣬ȴûһ˿һƣۣ˿˵㣬״̬ʮ㡣
ҫһڣһڣᾢ˫Ŀȭףȿ磬ȭ磬ȾѸͣȭͭ糤Ժ֮Уҫһʩչɱǵ׹
ȭءȿ졢Ӱצǿս⼫ɱڰҫνһȫµս⣬Ȼ˫Ŀգڰҫʩչ֮ʱ·ΧһжԺУÿһȭһŵĻһֶصɶ
ž
ҫ˳һȭȭȭʵҵĺˣȭ紵ϮֱǰֱԺԵǽһİۣĳȭ֮ƣҫǰһŰ׶Ĵƶϡ
ԴӰҫʱĴ֮Ȼһ޷ԼĽǾ⾡˾ųɣǣԴ֮սûͣ
֮ľǰҫľԽĵӦ֣ÿһֵƵǡôֺôศɵģҲ˵ڰҫӽƵ£ɱǵȻȻ˼
ڰҫ׵ɱƪ֮ĻһԴѣʹ̼ʧ٣¶ļ⣬ϸܵĺ飬ͬʱ΢Ц˵Ѿͷô˯һᡣ
Ҳûٺȣʱ״̬ƺûʲôЦҫҲ簡ԿóҫɱǼõԽԽӦأ
ţеµĵţֻõĻüӦþˣҫӹë˲ӣһ΢Ц˵
ȳ緹ɣ˵ϼóСһϰɱǣԱ˲ͽԴֵЦ֮⣬ֵ
ҵͽܣ֮ԻӦǳϼҶܰ˵ģԲҵʽ˵ˣһ治֪ôȥһͷûУҫǷ˷ۣٽһеԭίȫѳ
Ŷô⵽ҲӦãҶܰ˵ٰΣɱǵҲԵòôҪˡôܼ򵥰ôдô£˵ͷ˵ҫ֮Ҳεĵ˵ͷ
ʱһɤ𣺡ҫ٣ǳСϰȻɱˡ
ҫһЦ˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
СڣԺ֮УŮҹҲоٱ֮Ȼ̸磬˴֮Ҳ̸Ц࣬ô֡
ˣʱѾ˯ˣӦûٺȰɣҪҪѾƣٿʼҫ΢΢һЦڿ
ãƶ˵ʲôǲҪ˷ʱˣϽʼɣСȻһ˿䣬յǹɷߺ޶⣬ʧӰ١
ҫ˵ͷкСߣ漴ܻȡףһ׵ľ׮ڷڶǰСһãȻ֪ҫȡľ׮Ϊ⣬ѵľ׮ϰôϰʽȻᱻҫãⲻǲɣ
ˣ
һ£Сʱ۾ĿתĽŰҫţҫľ׮˫Ŀһգĺһڣ漴˫ĿȻ˫ͬûйǽһ˦Ƴ˦ʱȭ£ǹһͺ䲻ͣÿһȭƫеĻľ׮һԲκɫѨλϣ춯ͣ
Сüţҫ֮ۺѿأ𾪲ѣֻǣҫȻȭ죬ȴδʲôӦĸоҲ˵ȭͣȴľ׮һͻأδľ׮κ˺֮ڱľ׮ÿһѨλ㡣
ҫ֮ͣתųСʵҵĶô
С˵ͷҫٴ˵ҪĶҪȭͷľ׮еѨλȫһٱ飬ÿһλҪǲ˵ľ׮˿˵ľ׮Ҫһľ׮ȫ֮ôȻȥˣԺͲˣȻɱѧġ
Сüڰҫ仰еܲĿڵô򵥣Ҫأ
ҫͬʱһЦҫĪһЦڵûô򵥣ֻҪôǾͽһϰ
СƳһ۰ҫǰҫ֮ǰľ׮ǰ˫ȭսָ͹ʮȭһСֱͣϵĶĿɿڴĿľ׮ľ׮ı汻ѡ


ʮ н˵֣٣
ŶģķԣȻɱȻ׺ݣⲢķҪȫȥͷֻļǲ̫ҵķǳܲסģ˵˵ˣԼҲǰˡ
ҳû״ɲĥǱ˺ԣķŶҪС
ҫ˫ֲűСҲ̶õľ׮ľ׮Ͽӿݣÿһɫѧλ϶İȥСһεĿŰҫᵽʲôпףѡ
֮ǰСŰҫľ׮֮ʱȻҫ־˵ѿȷʵľѣСԸΪ߰Ϊҫ̶ֳȣҲԲѷɫ١
һ֮㷢֣⿴Ƽ򵥵ȭԭûпȥôװľ׮׾ٵıǧٿףȻŮ˵־ʵǿֲޱȣҫ΢ʵԨ֮
ҫȻûн̵˵ľ飬ۻս飬ܹ̼俴СĲ֮ҼԵ
ȥô˵УСʣȻĸߣҫʵھ֮ǰչʾ֮ѾõϿɣȻȻķŵ̬
ٸӻش㣬ͺ񶼵ףըʱը֮أֻˣҲˣɱǵҪ⾳ٶٶֱӵַԷɱ
ּǿǱҪǿϸ΢ĿȥнӵģԷҪȣһȥûƴĻڵ˫ۼѾԽԽʹ˰ɣ
С֮󣬸оҫͷͷǵˣͬʱҲҫ˵ˣտʼ֮󣬲ûоʲôʱһĹȥԼ˫ۼ⿪ʼһ˺Ѱʹ
֮ǰԼĸҫٶģµ߰˳ɣνԳˣûаҫǿֲʰϲôֱѾʹͣ浹麹ĳ̶ȣֻԸǿңŲѡ
ʵҲңû˵Ͼûн̵ôȥ䣬ôʾһΰɣ
ҫ˵֮ľ׮ϿƴľƬһǰһ˲ȭɷ顣
ķʽȥǿȥܼУȴûмһ֮ϡҫ˵С΢⣬ľƬ˷ĩȻҫУֱӵ߸ѧսʶ
ڶ˵Ļɶôҫ΢Ц˵С˵ͷ
ţһ˶ô룬ʵҲ޿ɺǵ£ΪȻɱľзʽȭȫͬģϸ
ҫ꣬еľƬǰٴһͬһֱȭֻľ鲢ûбĩһӵһ㣬ݺݻɣգ֮һ죬ľǶǰԺԵǽ֮УľǽľΪɢ
СĿɿڴĿǰһУҫոһȭǽеľһССĵϣľ鲻ֱܱɣֻķѣ־еķʽ㵲ѡ
ʵȻɱȫڹĹؼϡѨλ磬ʹؽڣԼ첿λЩλһܵǿҵĹʱпԷʧȥս͸ӿǶİѿˡ
ȻֱķʽʱҲܵģԣҲŻῪʱƣϰ죬㻹ҵַĸоĻôû츳Ե֣ȥȻɱֻ˵׼ʺ㣡
ҫĵĽһСƺõĵ˵ͷյ񳹵ʧܣСҲٶ뿪ʱӵĿ˰ҫһۣһʮȾϹ֮˵лл㣬һӱŬģ
ҫһ㶣漴΢ЦͷС뿪֮ԴֵЦ֮⣬Űҫ˵ҫ磬ֽ˵Ŷ
ҫɦɦףԴһ˿յ˵ѾͷȡЦˣҪǳϼ˵٣Ҳô鷳£ѾͷСѧƾƪô
治˵ɱǳԽǰֱʣȥʽǳĻʵ³̶ȣǲЩϹžѧܲѧᣬҪڷ̶ܳˣֱ˵أһĿͨ˯£һߺſȣһ߿ڻص
Ҿ̣ܲѧҪˣҲû֤һҪ̻ģҫ΢ЦصҲ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ҫ㣬ϴ˸裬֮һݳǰ񶼰ٲ¥ܻ˽мʻҲõٱ͵Ϯ
ҫеĿģҪӳϼõ˵٣Ƕ̸õҫѾԴôԼҲϼ
ͷ󣬰ҫٲõĵڶʮ㣬֮ǰͨϵϼһڴӦ˵ٽҫԼ˻ص㣬ٲõĵڶʮ㣬оսܶӳİ칫㡣
ôѧȻɱôϼ΢Цڽ칫ǰһ裬Ц
ܲѧҪԼˣȻɱûбϿȥô򵥣ӦҲֻ֪˵ΪҪѧᣬҲܹңҫڳϼĶ棬ڻص
ûϵѧᣬҲܹ㣬ֻ˵ʺϣû츳㾡Ϳˣϼ˵ͷ΢Цص
ˣҴӦһȥӦҵأҫֱ⣬ʵ
˵ľԴӰҫ֮һĲʱ޿̲ڵǣңʹ治ԣʵǹĵĺܡ
ǳϼȷеıԼ˵٣ҫҲǶԷҪɱԼҲɵǣԼ˭ɱ˭һء
ϼͷ΢Цó͸ƽ壬ָĻ㶯漴ָǰһƽڵͼֱͶ䵽˰ҫĿռϡ
ҫһתǰƽڿеľ޴ͶӰͶӰ֮ϳֵһŵͼΣ½ǵһСʾɺɫźɫ⸲ǣ֮ĵ־˻ɫʣ֮һɫڻɫıԵźſļһŷֵļԶͬʱ˸ͣ
ҫͷһ۳ϼüͷĿͶӰĳϼһЦĿ˵ˣͬһطӦܹó۵ɨ˻ڵӦûΣգ
ҫͷҲصĵ˵㣬˫ĿֱֱͶӰ֮ϣͶӰλãĵȷȷˣſļĺҶܰһź


ʮ ˫ĶĴ󼯽ᣡ
ǰʮӦþ߳ˣʱٸȥʦţʦ취Ͼʦĵļ֮һа취ҵҫ١Ҷһ˽ľУŷλ˵
ǰԶܰͷ˿Ҷ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ˵ʵڵģļҪҵҫκҶеĶλ̣ԽԽ޷׼ȷλλҴܶûа취ȷλ
֮£ܰҲֻҶĽ飬Ȼ㣬𾪺趼ûа취Ļôֻ·ζҪҵҫҪҪʬ
ʦжԶҪʱŻᵽܰʵ
ⲿŵܾݵ㣬Ҳзɿտ̳ҲԶ֮ھܵҶ￪ڻص
ܰ΢ɵĵ˵ͷٴʵȷҵҫ
Ҳȷֻ˵ƾʦֶͨΣɹļʺܴ󣬶񶼵أг⣬û˱֪ĸࡣңƾʵҵҫĳɹмɣҶĶܰ˵
˰ɣܰ̾Ϣ
˵ҫѾأ
ҶĻո£һɱֱһ׹һ͸߳ޱȷƣͣҶļ֮ϡ
ûҲܰһ˫ĿֱֱĶҶﲻţǺеĻ纮һɭ䡣
ƾʲôܣƾʲôᣬˣʵǿҲˣǻġͨ죬׽Σɵв죬ǿǲԼ㻹һɣֿܵ׼Ҷηֱܰڻص
ܰü΢˫۾ŭ֮ɫȻҶ˵Ļģ˵ĻҲȫ޿ܣֻܰкȻĽڸǵˣҫҲҫκ£ֻҶһ㣬ޣ鰡
ܰͣüͷеİ̽ɣֽ̾Ϣһʼûն£ʣį˵ˣôҼʬɣ
Ҷ￴ܰįҲܲζܰ԰ҫʵޱȣôǷϣôֻ˵üȥô
ͻȻܴһ춯ջ˼ͬʱչ䱸ܰһ˿ӣ
ܰ䣬һƬκӰʮɫװŮڶǰҶüһһּΪ񣬿ǰˣǰЩʶͬʦֵѽ
Ҷʦ֣ǺѽһŮӿЦ
ңô֪ҵٵģҶüʵԼ֮УȻѾܽӽԵԼټܱͬ׷٣֮ġ
ҵģλϣԼʮλִ£ʮͤ͵ҶʦˣҵǰӭӣŮӿڻص
ʦǶˣô£Ҷǵʵ
ҶʦָǻȥɣŮƳƳܰ˼ԣڣ˵
Ҷ˵ͷͷԣȻóŮӵк⣬ǿڽܵλϼİãܰͬ·ҽʶĺѣҪ
ŮӶĿһԴ˵Ҷʦ֣ϼҲˣͬҲʮͤأ
ʲôܰҶͬʱȳ
ھҶ˵İ￪⣬ͬճŮӣıԵȥŮӵݣҫڳĻȻܹϳƽ״ӷ߽
λ㣬Ĳôҫڲ֪٣δ֪һȥɣԴְԹ˵
սӶӳ׵ʧ⾩֮Уɺ֮£˷߽
˫֮ʱݵĽ֣Ķ޿ײ룬ǿշ磬սǿͣڷ߽ͬͬ⣬׿ǰ޷죬˫ʮغϣƽְ֡
˫֮ͣ󣬽Ϣˣ˴˾֮󣬵Ҳƽֻ߽£ֻεΧȥ
Ը޶ۣδԴ߽˼ݵŮӶ֣ûͱ˵ֻܹԹԵĸߡ
ҫôǺܾòأǵʵ޷ߣʦ˵⾩Ϲĵ̣ǧٹ֣ΣأûгϵʵʵǾٲΪ裬Ҵֻ˵аٺһȥ磬ʦŻϣʦа취߽Ĵʦ΢Цص
λʦôĿҵҫ磡Сûһ̤ޱ֣罭еһ֪Ȼ֪ǶţëĴСڡ
߽һ΢ŭĿԼʦǿǵ£ʶΪ˽Ʒ֮⣬һƽǿǿǽһָĴ֮һҲ֪⻹⣬ȻƲмһˣôܲŭԡ
СֵܣӦǺڽ߰ɣ΢ЦҲŭƽľʵ
ţǵģ´ӳʼֱʮǰޱжȹģԶڽеһЩʲôģ˵ȫ֪ʲôԵĵطλأŮӵһŭ⣬֪Լոտʧˣæ͵
˿峺ϵҲ֪Է֮ԣ㲻ǰȥǼЦİɣСֵܣʦ֮ͨܣֻҪҫδܽѰο˴οɲֻʦһ֮ǰأ
仰ϸţҶܰˣȻԶȥķ򣬶ǳһ¡
ʮﴦҲеʮͤȺɽΧ֮أ˽н˳ɵĴ˴˵ֵ̻μǿϢ˷˳ӿַǷһǧ֮࣬漫ҡ
ѩѱ𸮡ššˡĴҡǧ¡ڡšħšħűӥԼан˳ɵĶʵڴˡ


ʮ йһȭϹŽ
ҫǰ޴ͶӰĻһһĺ㣬ԭŵǷֻĻֻź㣬ˣȴһûֳƺ֮Уʲô˼Ƶġ
֮ǰҲĹϵͳֻʾȨ޲޷ȡܶӳһȨӦҲɣҫͷϼʵ
ʵˣ˵һϣ걨ָӹ֮󣬾ͱΪȨ޽з棬ûָӹٵȨޣκεȼȨޣûа취еȡϼڻصԴĿһ۰ҫ
˵Ҳ֣Ϊ˵İҫȻʵǿ˵㣬ʲôطҲ볣죬ǣΪʲôõĴʵȨ淽ʽǺܾûгֹˡ
ʵϼĻҲû˵ڰҫϱΪȨ֮κεָӹȨ޵ˣȡҫϣֻʾڵضõְƣΪ˵һУԼĽλͨͨᱻεʾ
Ҳ˵Ƕ˵ݵõڻ񶼵˿ǸԼһ񶼵ıڣϹŴִѾܾûгֹˣһܵˣҫҲʶ
ֱεݴʵ̸ϺãҲ̸ϻȻڲӵˣʹҲ¶ΪˣĳЩ滹ǻᱻ񶼵ԭסбżҲ֮飬˵ĲĳЩĺѸı䣬Ҳڶһ档
ȻѾȨ޽з棬ôôõģҫʵ
ԽǽӴҫԽһЦⲻϵĳϼԽ򵥣ҫƽʱʱֳһûûεĵУⲢ˾һжĶǰĳϼһһУһֺѲ͸ĸо
ΪҸģһͳɤҫĶУҫͷһһĸߴ⴩ɫ£ڴ°׿ľ׳ӣ߽칫ڡ
һ£λǾվսӣ䳲ӵܶӳҲҵɷݡȻûʽ棬ǣӦССĽӴ˰ɣϼվ΢Ц˵
䳲ӣҫü߶һ
ǵģְҲû취ǹ˵ͻǴ󣬻ػضܸ񶼾һΣҪǡݵһ̣û˵꣬һǿ籩ȭʣµǰ仰Ӳ˻ȥ
ҫαֱݣ죬ľޱĺһȭȭ߷֣ǿƥδȫҲ֪̽ݵʵΪէʱͱԷϮһѩǰܡ
ʵ޻һȭ޻εȭӰ켣ֱݵţΪվսܶӳ֮һȻƽӹֻ˫ĿһһбϲŶȾǧ֮Ӳҫȭ
أҫͬʱ뵽ݽŵ׻Ժ֮ȳֳ״̬һʱŸ̤ʵ
ҫǳȭֹǹؽ΢ʹֱޱȵȾ£ѵν˵νǰֲ٣˵˭ǿ˭Ҫָ£ҲҪȫȹһ֪Ͼûд
㲻׷𣿡ҫʵ
ΪʲôҪ׷ûɱҵ˼ȭأûҵȣһ̣΢Цصͬʱ˶ȣǹ
ܶӳҲ˵ãɽҵֱҲأһȭұҪ򣬲Ȼеڶʵû취⣬ɿﱻ٣վʵ̲ڶԣܶӳˣҫԴһ˿ζЦ
ĶԹʵҫͻԼһϮǷֱйǱģڷŭɱ˵ĵزϾԷҲǷ£ǹֲǴǰҫǷֵúܿġ
̸ϵ֮飬ǶھͷʵǲҲӣԹҲӦõģ⣡ݿȥ壬һսָʱȣԵеζ
ҫ٣Ҫ֪񶼵ĹأǱϮҲ֮УǵǧǰжԹ˫һ˵Ĵе֮ͣ£˴˶»ַԼ
˫żҲԽ֮ˣЩˣ˫Ҳ°£ΪʵǱǾĹǱҪзϣ˾ôҲᱻǽй˵˭˭ԣ˵ǰذ£ݿڽ͵
أʲôĹأ񶼵ķôҫʵ
ǵģ񶼵ɷֻΪάڲİ򣬶˫ĹأһֽȻֻͬ˫Ĺѣϼ͵
֮ǰҫʱϼȫΪҲдʵˣҫû¶һ˿һɱ⣬ȻκεľٶͬʱԼɷʵҲͬġ
ʵҽҲǷ£ȥ۽磬Ԫҵ򵼣ȥιһ統µԼϹŽЦ
ϹŽҫüͷһƣĸֲʮȤУȤԪ֡
ԪģϼԴֳɵʵ
ţոµ΢Цص
ϼ˿ҫаһ˿ǣʱ԰ҫӺ棬ͬǹˣΪʲôƫƫҫôԪ׵Ĺעѵڹݺ⣬һʱ֮ϼҲ벻ףֻܱ΢Ц̬
ҫ˵ͷϼ˵ϼܶӳл鱨ҫڴлˣ
ʲôȡˣҰúܣҲҪˣϼ΢΢Ц
ҫ˺ô֮ˣᾡΪҫ˵ͷصϼҲͬ΢Цͷ
кһ֮󣬰ҫͬʱͨȥ·϶Ҳ̸
ҫ٣㻹ҿ۽أҾƵֻսȻôƽˣĺܰݱ߱˵
ֻս
ҫ𵱳ǽԲ̵´ȦԲ̻֮֮ߣȻҫץס©Щʵʵ˵ֻսǾǿĺܣԼҲƵ֮ա
ҿǶʱӰ¼ϰٱ飬Ҳеĵðɣôأǹ˵Ļ˵Ӧý书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ƣ԰ɣݿЦ
ֻһѣҪĻѾͷĬϣһʱѣһһ޷ͨ²Ȼɲֻ֮ƣҫڻص
ݵ˵ͷҫĻΪȻͬʱҲҫĻļУȥøƵĸĽֻս
˱̸߱˴֮䵹ҲǳԣȻڣ˫Ա˴˵һЩսĵ⣬ҲΪȻҲ治١
֮ͨϰ˼£ֻһŮԵӺϳ𣺡Ȩָͨ飬ͨ
֮󣬺һҫݵӰʧ٣ٴ֮ʱҲȥһգ۵Ĺѡ
ʮŲ㣡ϹŽռηϵͳԲϵͳݷֽϵͳսӰҫ٣䳲ܶӳҪľٶҪϹŽϵͳԶʶǶΪΣ˽й
һĵӺϳ֮󣬳ڰҫǰһߴףʮ׵ģ׿ľʯʯ֮ϣдӫ֡


ʮ ۹أսӵʢ磡
أе޹زɷԲ񶼵ĹأΪɡйĹأΪŹ棬ȻҲֹصģΪ֮֮֮صĹء
ǱҪйصĴڣҪɱҪɱɱˣɱɱˡҪҲҪþȵˣԾȵˡ㲻£ôֻܵЩػߣԼسߵżϮ
һ£һûйأǾǲҲֻ޽ƵһЩ£õĻĶУûйصȫΪΪ޷άֳ͡
ûйҲ˻ûгͷ˺ûнͣжӴ󣬸мֻ࣬ԽԽҡ
Լı£ûԼûйƣûгͽ䣬ֻһɢɳƲƣɹܹ֮ⷽڣΪйصĴڡ
˵ؾⷽصģһжҪΧתԹҲʹһУ֮ˣᱻΪ񣬳ӵиıصǿжǿҪԼҲǳ
֮ĹأȫϹŽʯˡ
ҫǰߴֽ׵ľ޴ʯʯϵֺǾ޴ʯĴСγһּΪгıֳһֱɫӫ⣬£һгϰ֮࣬İҫо̾ѡ
ҫһʱ俴ЩˣȻʶǰҪȥȴ£뺦˸ոյʾôҪˣˣķϵͳУ˵ˣʣ£
ҫ˲񣬸ոҲ֪ôˣԼ˵˼ûа취Ƶģһ˲ĿհڣͺǰʯڣĳǱĬӰ˼άжòȥʯ
ǸҸոպʧˣϹŽǹŹ֣ͺ񣬾ͺƵģҵԺȥҫ˦˦ԴüͷЦ
ôڸ㽲˫ۻԴǵĿʵ
ǵûУôأͺֱҵ˼άҵ壬ͺҷҪȥƵģֻǣָ֮оʧˡҫҡҡͷڻص
ݵ˵ͷ˵˵ʯ񶼳ʱԪײ֪Ӻδһ񴫵ĺа˵ĳЩʱһĹӦøոݵĸоһϧǣѾѧԺĲ˷ϵͳάֻܿĻҲֹˣ˵ϹŽĴ£ᷢʲôأҲÿۡ
ҫûİһۣ漴̧ͷʯʯ϶ˣϹŽĸɢż貵ıɫӫ⣬ԵøĿ
ϹŽĸֵ·ֵֿעֱΪֵһȫͬ
ϹŽһ꣬ؽκһĵһܵһĻԴΥһõֿ򣬽ܵų⣬ڴ˷֮ڡ
ҫˣʲôвõֿʲôų⣬ѵһһֿˣѵֱʧ˲ɣҫȫһʲô˼ҪģʯʹⷽصĹزɡ
ҫ˼Уֻǻʼ벻ȻҲֻҷŵһ߲ȥǣȽ˵
ҫһһϸĿŽģһģȻķʽͬݵҲͥ˵˭Ҳûռ˭ıˣҲƽĺܡ
ҫϸϸţеʮȤ˲ϮΪͻذǣ񶼵ľǲòӰ
ϹŽʮǹκһκһˣСΣûоڲ£ԽضڵװڲҪκε£
ϹŽʮκһκһˣСΣûо£뿪義ʮﷶΧ⣬κһڲҪκε£
ҫָǵʮģͷݣһǸЦݣڵܶӳҫǲˣٴαǸһ֮ǰȷǰҫ³çˣ㲻Ҫѽ
΢΢һЦ˰֣ʾԼûзϣͬʱЦǲʶʵһҪллأ
лңҫһĻص
ʵ񶼵ľѾܾûдˣûսɴôʱ䳤ˣսʱνĺ½̸ֻֽѣеָԵòʵʡ
˵䲻Ļսûսֻһֻǿиɵֽϻѣһı飬Ϊ˵
ҫ˵ͷݵĻ˱ͬ⣬һ˵ҪһĿ꣬һˣŻбǿĶţֻһֻϻвҧÿʵá
ɿԳһСˣȻȥǿƥѧԺȻ϶дܣЩֻǱѣսϣûб濴ȥôǿǾҪʼˡ
̫ƽˣռֻ񶼵ĴڣûȻս£Ҳ˵̫ƽã̫ƽ֮ƣûսӰ£հҵȲչȻǺá
̬άֵ̫ãǾĲ˵жˣΪַ̫ƽǽûе˵£Ƭ棬Ҳܱ档һ֣ô񶼻֪ôȥ̣ôȥƴô̫˵
ҫҲݣʯϵϹŽȫס֮ԼƲһЩòϵģǿһЩؼĽģ뿪˴˵أһ·϶˻Ҳ࣬һֻѯʰҫۺ⣬ҲûʲôĻ˵
֮д˰ҫһأŰҫתתԼİ칫ңսָӲԼҫһԼΪ٣ͬʱ˴˻ཻһսĵã˴֮ദĵҲΪǢ
ҫصԼס֮ҹĲͣ׷֮£Լ췢һһʮȫг˼һ֮ҲȻ
ΪνϹŽֵʵڹͻأ˸쵼Ԫй֮⣬Ҳûʲôرֻҷһߣ˵պ󻹻ᷢʲôβʱ˵һǱڵܶ
պ峿ҫ˸磬ŵ壬ò֮ĵİٲøȥǸӣ˵콫һ񶼾½սӵʢ硣


ʮһ ͬ붾񹦣
峿ģȻҫ֪һеȻۣʵ񶼵ĳǿģϵͳиʽģ⡣
ֻģϵͳ串ʵǺޱȣ񶼶串֮ڣﶬļΪÿһ򶼻ᱣʺ¶ȡ
գȴңѩ׷ɣȴϺҲ˵ûν֣һеڻģϵͳĿ£ˣݷͳ
ʱĩ٣ů棬ͶʵȻҫڵĸеȻԵãðҫĻ˵Ǽ٣ģĻʵģС
յİҫһսʽսװװ棬һ鵭ɫɫԲͼģף˫ְָף¸ͲƤѥϵ̫ⷴһµϵľװ䣬˳еӢ˲ᾢʮ㡣
һ·޻ʱϵı飬ԵúǹŹ֣ǼۣɻܲܿüǰҲû˵ʲôֻһĶŰҫɵЦ
һôˣдˣˣôоЦëȻĸоҫ˶ƤһͷĽܿʵ
ܶӳǶǶ˵͸еοɣܿе㲻̫˼˵
ȡΪʲôһЩŮһĿĸоҲֲðҫëȻκ˿ЦݣڣһֶȤζɡ
ҫ˵ͷûĳ˵ιѣɵЦˣ˵˵йģľɣ
ΪսӵˣҪսҪװ壬òڲУʵȻҪ̨ҲҪģǸսӳѽһЦһҫļôôгһϺõһ㣬ҫڡ
ʣ㣡ҫһԴһ΢ŭ˵
ѽҲ֪һƬƽûս£ǣҲУ˰裬ΨһһսҲ͹ÿһĽսÿ콻սʼǰ£ڶٰһģλս
һԼʵսڽսʼǰһãսͨʿǷֿģҲ˵ľ񶼾жսǶʮֻսӣ
ҫ˵ͷвһѪڵĸоǿνλսڴĲС
ҫȻŵָǰ㣬õ־Ҫд̶ȣǣܹǿ˽֣ԼսֶΪأԣҫкսԸ֮󣬱ֵĵ
ʱŰҫԼٽܿ壬˰ٲõĵʮ㣬¥ΪʵģϵͳģҫһͱֳʮĿƼже𺳡
һĻǰĻϳλսķ״̬ĴսӵһȫֿգֱӽʣĶʮ֧飬˴ս⵽ǿսʱĴսһһ֮ս
һ֮λսȵУͲ֪һûһڵ׵ĺˡ
Ӵⲻǵĳʤųս޵Уսӵܶӳ־Եϡúܰ˵ǲ񶼻ģϵͳˣ̫ûһ٬Ц˶УЦһ͸еޱȵᷳ
һΪ˭أЦôԭ°ܽϹ˵ûų߲ôһδ֣ǲôаЦһͷҲص˵ԴǵҲϬĺܡ
ʱһĶ̷Ŷʮ˳ǰһͷ𷢣Ǹ߸°ͼ̵컨壬۽ǿˣͲûндµһӹǰˣ˾Ű֮⡣
Ϊ̵ûбϹϣʼЦͣ˵ҳҾǶôˣҲʵһ֣㲻Ľ˰ɣ
°ͲǰɣһƲɭ˵
ôᣬÿҳţŶһȭϹ˫Ŀ΢΢еɱԽŨ
ÿ˵ʱҲôЦһ֮ͬһ˿ɱ⡣
гԹҫһɻߵĽܿˣǰһŵ̬һԲϴֵļơ
Ҳ㣬ǹ˵Ļ˵ͬΪıɣϹսӵܶӳʮָӹ֮һ񶼶ָӲָӹ٣ϹסĸǿѧԺԺʿ֮һý񶼷ɿսָӹ٣šĺܡ
Ȼ֪ܶӳְλˮĶ࣬ƽʱҲһĶͷʵҲ㲻սָҲǺһֻ֣ΪСĺܣԴӵһΰܸܶӳ֮һֱģܶӳΪһС֮죡ܿС͵ҫ˵ͷ滹ĶУҲ⡣
ŶۣĸôõпͲ֪вˣϹתҫߣӦ˵תҫߵŶԷ˶üëŰﲨ֮⣡
µļƤһأϹҲֻ٬аȵЦݣʵǺܲ˴οˣҪŻµĸоڰҫҪϹ˫ڳĳ嶯
ҵ˲ãأҼǵȥûڳ֣ܿϹܶӳˣӦûǴɣʵĿǻأǵȣ籶µĸߴ󸱹١
ܶӳûǴҸܿˣʮӵʱ䣬սʤϹܶӳʱƵʱһһֲ࣬һֲ٣Ц¿һ˪Ϲʼ磬̯̯֣Ҫжˡ
ܹµĹý̽ô˵˻Ϲŭˣ˵ǶʮѾʼߣˣǲˣֻҪϹһ仰ֱӾҪǰһ
ܶӳǹĻôȥܸǵˣǲ簡
ҫǾΥĶٴʩչһ˲ϹĶͷĵϸߣеɱұҫߵԼܿˡأЦϣͷ
һ٣ȻҸô˵ɣϹɱʮ˵ҫһҲǲ٣һ޿ֵЦš
ţϹܶӳ˵ǣֻһĸٶѣҲûʲô£֮ǰϹܶӳǹҲԣܱʺעҪѽ
ҫⶾ񹦣һʰһﻰ䣬˿Цֹǽİ˰ҫһۣЦ
Ϲˣŭɶҫһֱˣ˼ϹˣĶעȻˣôȻҲʺˣ


ʮ ۣ½ܷ
һҫǵģѾȥôôа뵽ʵܾûмҫӳıˡ
ʱɽׯ֮ʱҫΪǺ죬ѶԷıףʱǸп֣Ŀ
ָпǴôҫǰ߲ʮոճ꣬Ҳʹһѣഺï֮ʣֻǶ˾Ͳе·̣˻ᣬȴѾ͡񣬰ҫػصǸԼʵпǧ
ãããյĸ٣һϹ˵ãϣ֣ƤһϹ˵ը˷Σǹɱɽɽ㱬ҫ֡
Ҫʮڽֹ˽һֱӰһְλȨޣϹͳָҫһĻ䡣ϹôˣҲӹء
һ̲ס֣Ƕڵɷƣֹ˭ңһȫֵ˴ţ˭ֻԲ˶ߣһ⡣
ѽѽҪɱòãֲѪС˵ôϬ𰡣
һ꣬һһŮ֮УһƵЦݣӲߣƤڣȥʵһ޺ĸо
Žܣû£У㻹ûʸ񣡡ϹƳһۣŽܵİ꣬ƺڡ
սӵܶӳŽܣһͰ׵ʵģʵܶӳ֮£ԴѰսǿƥǸز¶ˣŰҫٴ¶ɻһԵĽܿ
Ϲһ첻׻𣿴綼ܰðûأҪӷ㵽ףȥ¥£ȺŹ㻭Ҷˣˬʶֲм˶УһһھǴɱɱһϹüͷĸˡ
ʱ񶼾ӢеľӢеƣĴսӣʱ֮ٴλһãȻǵıҲƽʱһģһǾǻҧҡ
һŭݵսܶӳϹսʮսܶӳᡣ΢ЦսܶӳŽܡЦͣսܶӳ
˳Ľ֮ƣԼֱϵ٣л䱸ţһϢɷΧʼΧ۵˺ʼ
ķΪģԲʮڣ֮أȻڳ˶սԱԼܶӳǸĴսӱǻϲ̨棬ңЩϵ̨ģǸͲȥ궼ˣͼֲˡ
ǺǣһͦλսûʼǾʹԷǿѽھͶ֣Ҿ͵ûҿȫǱҲеĺܣǽ棬ǿԸǽưһ׿Ĵߵ˵мλãмЦ
󺺻Ũüۣݸ㲻ٺƵ̳壬һƻһ㣬ϵĺʱҪѿƵģ˾һŭս񣬹վﲻ͸һɵеĸо
ڴ󺺸һ֮ʮеսԱܶӳڵУȫվã뻮һȭأ˵ı鶼ʮʮľη֮⣬ҲĴսܶӳ
ҫ˷Ӧ˰ģɸ˵Ķ˶֪ǳˣٲ֮ǰԼȨ޲Ĺ˹ھһУǰ󺺱񶼾½ӵʮָӹصȨ޵ܷ
ܷǺȰСư˰ڣ˫ָ˫΢΢濪ͦأԼõһչ¶ȴܷѵ
ܷشѩȡ£˵̻ңܣޱȵ񣬴ĴսӵܶӳϹιѣҫڱɨ֮ķԾ˼֡
ôܷʵҲ˭ƺڶ˵ţʼٸߵܶӳҴһҡͷû˸Ҵ
ǰɣˣ͸Ĵȥһеĵۣǣ֪νܷһŭȣٲȻһɸֵģ
ܷһǳ֮˶ӣȻȥ׼ӭǼλսϹӰҫԲʱһ仰СӣҼסˣҵţ
ҫƳһۣʼϸҫʲôûУһĵǣ
Ϲһֱ߹ԶŽĪĶŰҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷȥ
ᣬҫǰΪ˵ѹѣսҿɲģλսʼ֮ǾҵĵˣҲĵˣһȫԸҲ׼֣֪ô
һ˵ˣ궼ôһ仰˻ûأͱôˣսսұ
ҫ˫ֱȭ˵ضȫԸ
һЦ˵ͷȥԼϢȥ׼ҫǱȭľٶܷڡ
аҫ
ʲôʱģҾȻûз֣ҫһ˫ĿȻһɣæܷŴִѩѣӸµĿԼ
ӴʵڰҫɽΡ룬ܷ˶û£Ϣҫ
ҫһëܷԼĵˣôԼѾˣĪٶȣ֤ܷʵԲ𶾻Ĺ֮¡
°ҫָܷӹ٣ҫ˫ֱȭһһ׼ĹĽڡ
Сӣҿ㣡úñ֣ҪʧܷЦ˵İҫеˡ
Լܷǵһμ棬ѵԼĵһӡ󣬸λ߸ϵ½ʮָӹ֮һܷ˺øУôôоϹ
ҫҲû룬øܱȶкʹԼִֵĺνܱȶԷΪԼĵҪãԼĵѾˣһһĺá
ҫضȫΪҫٴαȭܷҲֻЦŵ˵ͷһỤ̃һĻߵĿ̨ȥ
սӳԱע⣬սӳԱע⣬ھʮŽλսʮӺеһֵ̭սӳԱ׼ʵģ֣ڹ涨ʱûнսӳԱԶ̭
սӳԱע⣬С
ҪĹ㲥˵֮󣬰ҫһۣ˴ʶһЦҫصȭͷһڣһλսǿ֣ǰҫһβ룬Ҳһˣ䶯Ŀʼ


ʮ ֮ʣ
һսӳԱע⣬սӳԱע⣬һλսԽսӳԱȡƣɹԽɸѡƥ䣬һλս׼ڶλսһ㿪ʼ
ҫһ뿪ŵķڣüͷ΢壬࣬ĿתĿƽϲŵս¼ϵƽ岥ŵһλսߵļս
νλսÿžս֮ǰµһڲˣþָӹ٣ԼµһʶӶڽսʼһİ䡣
˵ˣʱգλս񶼾һ൱ڹЩڣھٰڴȣֲͬ嵽Զ
λսʤȡڣ˫սӳԱ˭ȫ˶Է˫սʵģսڵĶʮСʱɲָ£ôҪչԽ֣˫ĵ÷ʤ̭
Ƚ˼ǣΪ˹ƽвսӣֻܶӳ븱ټĳԱвμӣµĶʿԼӳǲμӵģ˫ָӵʵģսͳһʵҲ˵ʵģսϵСǲڵģֻϵͳݶѡ
˫ưˣһˣÿ˵װʣòȫһģһһͬʣ⻯ȼ׼ƽ䡣
ҪλսȡúΣҪ˵ָԼսʱİ󣬿˵λսսӸ߲ۺʵչʾƽ̨
Ĵսӳ֮󣬲ǿһ֧ԺǵĵλҲΪλսȵ𣬳Ϊ֮
ĴսҲǿϵλʵʵս֧˵ȫ͵սӣս½սսһսսսࡣ
ʱΪ˲Ĵսӵļս뿪ЦľһΣľݡ
ǳݲλֻ֧бԣһĴսΪһŶӣǧ˱ܹ֯ǧһʣʮ֧սΪһͬǧ˱ƣܹǧˣ˫Ա1:6
˫ʵģսϽжݣʱΪʱ죬սⷽһЩɱĿƼ⣬ѡĴֵսǣÿһѾű䣬һѸ˹ǹʲôûС
ƽôȷľǲƽλп˵ǳĵѣĴսӽҪԵսǺĸ߿ƼսԼ߿Ƽ豸˵Ĵսӱذɡ
ڽʵģսϵĵĵ죬Ĵս˽֮һ£ȫսһսʤʮ֧սȫҰܣλжˣ֮֮
Թҫ۾ĿλսһֵĸСӵս£ʵﻹǰٻš
λսĵһ̭ʼ֮ģսڵսӣνǰɹͨȻʵģսڣµĶʿȫɣǴӵĸԼܶӳǿݻԼƽʱù˵豸սģ⡣
ɫɫǧٹֵ豸ǿİҫۻң˵Ǹǧ˭ȲùһУҲԶֹͨ
ÿսӶרԼĶսʹ˰ҫȤеоо󣬲ʲô
ָŵ֮Ȼ֮ĵ󷨡һúվλʱ󣬹֮תȫάŲս
󷨿ǽ֮Ϊã춯ص˵ԽǿԽǿսǿָԼʱİˣյĺãָӵĺãܹͬʤǿսʤ
Ҫ˵ǿûʲôɱԣһ仰Ҫôã˭ˣʮ֧սӵĶսսһ԰汾
˵սӵĶ֣սӣǵսһְ˷ٳĽ֮ƣԵзֹɧţһϰķʽһһĲʳԷԷƣڱ˷磬ܶӳβһ̡
оǰҫرעսӣڳϼĴ£֧齫ɱַӵ쾡µĵز˲ڽ֮ڣͻϮɱʿû⣬ָӵܶӳԼپѾȫսսûãͽɻܡ
ڰҫĽζ֮ʱŽܿڣսӵıսΪսӹϵս֮ףսװȻǶܡ
оôݸҫһ̼ϣЦеʵ
еԾԾԵĳ嶯ҫ̼ϣһڣһȵĻص
ʵڵսʽҪȡսǹӲӲ壬ĶȥӰս֡
񶼾˵Ŷӵϲʤ֮˵ʵȫԣΪȫܶһս𵽾ԵãܹʤؼĻǣȡھʿʣԼָԱо䣡Ӣ壬Ҳĵã˵𲻵ֵã
ȻҲֻԶԣν϶󣬺ûܲסȺǣҲҪʲôʲôˣо仰Ӧﵽһĸ߶ʱνĴƣνļıνս󣬶ֻЦѣȭɱ죬ſѵأǧƣƣֱ֮ǧҲã
ҫΪȻĵ˵ͷǹˣЩеĴߣҲ˵뻯ľʥڵʵ֮󣬰ҫȫһ֮ƥһֻսӵս
Щ뻯ĴǣĲҪ˵ʲôˣƺɨ񶼾ˣ̫ľ˵Ʒɡ
԰ҫʱյ˵񶼾񶼿¶סͨ쳹֮ǣ쵼ˣصԪףܹӵƥеʵ򣬻񶼣Ʒ˵һֽţҲԲʲô¡
ⳡλսҸʲôţҫʵ
ҵİǣҪίһˣǿս֮ǰҪһֱʣ΢΢һЦ
ʣΪʲôҫʵ
ΪɱѽнԼɱһʼ̯˿İ΢Цص
ʱʮ룬Ļ濴̨ϣ½ܷ𡢿վš񶼶ָӲָӹ٣Ϲףλָӹȫ
һĺ治٣ɳҶǼˣѵõ˲ţǶڵĴŶͷҲ̧˵˫ƽϲͣĻͺָӹϻʱһ˵Ϸ
䳲һ־ͱ̭һﶼڳʺǿȥ˼սӵţɴǳˣ˫ĿŭһŮӵɣƿڴ
԰꣬䳲Ҳ޻˵ֻ˵ãһ־ǿվսеƣҲʵһֳܷһִѩѣЦһϢˡ
˼ѾôսأϹǸ߸еƽ壬ƽϰҫȫ֡


ʮ ȺһƬҶ
һλսڶ죬ҫĿǰһλ¼֮󣬾Ϳʼ̸ͬ˵أҲԵÿ
Ҳ֪ôģΪ⽻ԱӦæĲɿŶԣƫƫǴһԺ֣й䣬ҲƺֻǹְʲôҪ¶ֲͷϣֻҪ岻ֳʲôӣǻܡ
壬ҲֵУȤȥűһЩװûȤ˾ֱ̰࣬Ҳû˵ʲôҲƱıҲ֮С
˶Ǳ˶棬ŮϹһΪ˿ʻãҲûʲôӣʵ⣬Ǻܺϵ
Ůμ֮󣬱㳣һ֮󣬾ѾýиͣΪǣŪİҫƲѣ̾Ů˵˼άİȫһ˲һϧĸоͺһ㣬ҫΪ˵˼άô벻׼а
ʱֲ֪ȥˣҫҲֵУ⾭һƴλսѾ뵽˰ȻĽ׶ΣĴսӣȻö˵ȫ֣ǿԵ
ǿսӷֱǣġۡҶɳޣûֻǿûϹսӣ񶼾еƣӢеľӢĴսȱһǡ
˵ʵڵģҫսӵܶӳϹûкøУڿλսĶս¼Ӱ֮󣬷ҲûôһǴ
ʵ˵ʥΪĸֻΪȺţս˵ХսÿΪһݵθսǣһȫһ㱻ƣľݵ˳ƶԶ٣ҲϬ쳣
˵滹еֻͣǵҲֻôһѣڶϿս֮󣬱ԷǷҪҰ֮սֱ׾ٵ˺ϹХսս²һͷսӱԲҰܵ
ս񼸺ΪЦϹ֮£ųݻλս֮Ҫսӣһʱ䵹ҲһСɧ
սλսУҲ֪ãϹùϵ˺ţԵĵ˽һȺͨսӣʵеģǼ٣ԼϹеģǼλս䱳èҲ˵׼
ǰΣսǳ׵׵һͿأ춨һλսǺȺһ֧ɳһ֧ǺҶҲһ֧Ϊǻ񶼾аɱ֮ƺŵսӣõҲǰɱһ
⻹Ǵսרİɱ֮£ȻԷͬðɱ֮սܣʵ˴۾ĳСܵҫǰȻǽڰҫϣһ˵ĶѣϾСԴҫ̬ȣԽȡ
ھҫĵ£СʵѾ˳Ľͬʱ԰ҫѾȫûһ˿ĺ⣬ڰҫǰԽйо
⵹ǰҫʼδģϾӸտʼɱ֮𣬵йоأʵеˣҫҲûϣҲͦãһˣһѣҲһ£ҫȻ£ҲΨ²֮ˡ
ʵԳСԸ񣬷ڹĽУҲһŮкܵζҰҺޣԹƢֱֱҹˡ
տʼҫֻΪΪˣ̵ҫǿʵ֮ǲΪ֣δ֮󣬾ϼе⣬ֽΪʦ˵԰ҫ̬ȣȫȡݡ
ӰҫΪʦĳСȻǹز٣ҶԳС˵ʦ̻ٶԼʵϵĽԼȫܹоõڵʵжԱȣСܹɵȥԼ
ҫĽ̵Сƾƪǹ΢Ŀϣ䲻˵ңѾţֻҪһ£գҫеľ׮󣬳СѾԿƵֻһ߰ĳ̶ȣʵʵڲͬն
ԭʵдչ֮緢ĳСһλսϴһһأ˭֪Ȼǿ߲ϣȻܣʵǽòС
۳ϼһȻ΢ЦҲգ·ԼʧȻһ㣬Ե쳣侲߷߷߲ƽĳС֮󣬸ҫһѶ
ģҶӲţ
ҫüͷĿżѶӲ֪λսĶʮֻսӸнܣǺҶսӵһ½٣ƬϽüĿüĿ㣬һ֮ɫ
ͨսֳ¼ֻ˳ϼ̰ҫҲûֻ֪˽һ¥ڣӺֻгӲһ˳֣֮ľǳϼս֪ͨ
ҫȻûиϼ֣ò֮£ųϼʵӦòԼ֮£ԷڶʱڻܳϼɼʵȻֵðҫԴΪǿλĽսҪԵĶ֣ǺҶսӡ
ҫ磬Ϣأ˵׼ǿҪμӣڿԲأЦڣŰҫ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˸ŤŤӣ˶ֽţЦƵͷˣڿԺúûˣ
ҫУضʵģգʱѵȴеƽ壬ͷҲ̧ЦһĺǶ࣬Ȼ䳲ǿӶ׷Ҷһأ
˼ǣʧܣ֮ڿҫЦ
˵أǸܲǿôǿƣգұ·ĻսܶӳְλҲֲֻһ첻ͬı𲻵κεÿʼ磬һν˵漴еƽ壬һ̨ƽ̨İС
Ϊʲôһûãҫʵ
ΪԪ˰һλսҪ̬ȥУһʵʵΪ׼˭Ҫǰ߹ϵ˭Ҫȥİ칫죡Ҳ˵Щ˺ţѹ˲òսܵսӣһȫԷӳӦеʵȻĻôƥ񶼶ʮֻսսӳƺ϶ǹ̶ģû±һ˵ģԭʵټϲˣЩƽͨͨսӣһᱬȫȵʵԣǴһʱһʱڻص
ҫ˵ͷڵҲ˵İǿ񶼾ľӢƣ԰ɣôԺҶսϤôûʲôҪעĵط
ģҶӲţһĻظ
ҫ˵ͷһԵİʵģڣϱƬƤ֮󣬰ҫ˫ۣ仰ˣôӲҪĲǡ
ʵģյİ߱汻һ͸ס֮ܵĶע͸Һ壬ע˿ʼƯ
ʵģսʼɣͬЭϵͳӳɹԲϵͳӳɹλսǿսʽʼ


ʮ Ӳ
һʵģսͨ⻯磬ͨʵģӴԵԲƵΣ뵽Уһг⣬Ķʵûʲô
ҫٴ֮ʱǰĳԽȻͬ¥ֻǲƲҫսսִΪ⹹ģ
ĸоʵû̫ķֱȻǱţǽǾڣʵûԷȥ򣡡ҫͷȭ״̬ʵû
ѾǿսˣҪǲĺ󳾣ҿɶأ뿪Ц˵
⣬н׵ļʿߣȫһģһǹһǹһ׵һӦȫ׼ͨʿװ˶һվЩӦþݻİʿˡ
ҫ΢ĵĿʿ˵ȫһģһͺ˫򷴹⾵ճһ㣬뻮һҫ̾Ϊֹ
ʵΪλսﵽԹƽĳ̶ȣֻܶӳ븱ټĹأǺбҪΪԼµĶӳＰʿǾ˳µĥġ
ֻŶʵϰ˵ֻҪֻսȫôλսҲȥˣԼԼǲȻӦ֣ۺʵĶԱ˵ĴսӾһָڱսӣûȡʤϣ
ݻʿԵúбҪˣ˼ֻսӵʵصĿǵָٳӦΣЩСս˸õķӿռ䣬ӶָϵǱ
һһӣ˹ƽĵزȿھ˵ǱʣֿԸ˴ѹǱܣҲһ˫
˱ˣһλսʱСʱʵģսʱʮĸСʱҲһ죬ҴʵһСʱʱⳡսҲսİСʱСʱǰСʱǲҪֻһ˶ѣ˰˵
һˣ˵˵뷨ҫüһ
Ϊսɱﵵ㣬һ󵨵뷨밲ţڽ߸СʱһӲֻҶսӣһˣ΢Ц˵
ΪʲôĻôôãȥĸоҫ΢յĻص
ڿ˼۷ʣսУҶһù㣬񶼵սûиӢ壬ǹ˵û˵ԣҴӢһأ΢ЦĿŰҫȻƺ԰ҫʵһ㡣
ðҫһȥֻսӷ棬Ҫˣ붼ȥ飬ûʲôλսУҲûôȥΪû衣
ľϣųɾŵΪʵı䲻ս֣ȻҲ񶼾Ĺ˼άѣ⣬ȻӲеʵ˼ά԰ҫ˵ãΪˡ
˲УҫУǼǱѹƺʣǿֲĲУʮΰΰศɣ͵޷󣬾ֱӱУҲֻ˶ѣƶʮֻսУѹưҫģһֶֻĹ
ҫ˼һһڣչһ壬漴Цô󣬲᲻ճɣ
ʵλսһֻΪΪĿģҪճô΢Цſڻص
ҾͷˣԺһֱţԷſһ

սӰ񶼶ʮ֧սУǿսӣеƣӢоӢû֮һֻΨһĴڣǻ湻˵أ
սһһ㣬ͦε꣬̾Ϣһ˵Ҷսܶӳ峤
Уʲô˲ģҿҲ͸ͬˮ׼жѣܶӳҴʮˣһСʱ֮ڣ֤İһ欣üӢʮŮм˵ҶսӸ֮һࡣ
˵ӰĿɲȺҷɱȣСһĺãһĿ࣬Ĵ󺺽ӹ磬Ǹߴ׳ȻһС֮ˣ˺ǺաҶսӸ֮һ̷
ģöԸԶһ꣬˵
һճɽ̿ĳ֮ϣɽüĿ㣬ͦΣ˲ԾɢһȻıɱ⣬˾ǳϼἰĺҶսӸ֮һӲţ
Ӳţʮͨ˼ҳʮΪһͨʿ׿ԽĳɼҶսܶӳ峤ʶӢսڡ
ںҶսӵӲƾһ˫ذһɱ֮ĳƺţֲİɱַȰٶȣ似Ĳַרаɱһĳϼ̾硣
ӲŵĳսһĹžսУֻһˣ԰ɱķʽӪֱȡ˹һ˵Դͬʱһҹ֮䣬ݵڵˣȫɱ⣬ֻˣһǲһķɱ֮ƺϸñӵС
ӲţټһķսӺѸô峤΢ЦߵӲߣʵ
ҫĸ٣ǿӲľȻĴӳ£һ£˵
ӲŵĻ̷˽ǲĿѣܴӳӲбĳǿ֣ǲףһֻͷȻֱӰɱˣ˵Էǿ֣ǰɱĴϼû۹
ȷô˵ҲһСӵڣһƿӵСѾͷҲͶ棬̫ӵһΪʶĶѣûʲôõĵġҫϣһһı֮ɫ
ԴսսҰ֮ĴսӾ͸һпõĸоǰЩηмӵѾȫƣмģʧܣһʺĴսӵͷʼǰ
Ӧֵȥע⣡ӲƳһ࣬ԹԵ˵
ǸҿĶŶӲţллôңҴһһҪңһĺ˵ĶУҶսӵˣʶ̧ͷһ˶ˡ
̷ͬʱ뵽Իô
ҫվһߵİϣоһ˴ϰٱĽװ䣬˵ҫĲߴ󣬿ƫƫôŽʮֽװһЦĿˣ·ϵļװû޻һ㣬
ֳ棬ͺñһֻϾһשͷΪģӱ˵ҫľٶˣΪⲻѧ
ҫЦĳ¥µĺҶսӳԱ˵ͷϵĽװ䣬һ鶹ƵĶˣ֮ļװһžڵһ㣬żĺХֱȥ


ʮ ɱ֣
һȻһ죬װأҶսӵ˾ܣû˵ֺֻǵֿ죬Ⱥʿûôõˣֱӱװʮˣ׷׻Ϊʧ
ڰҫʮȽǵĽǶȽͶ䣬װ֮󣬲ҳһֱʮ׵Ĵӣǰͣķ߰ף;ʮʿѹɢ
ҫ⾪ֱ֮˶Է֮һսˣڽװ֮Ҳ֮أֱҶսӵ˶ȥ˵ٶȿĲ˼飬Ƽ籼ߣգۼԾʮ׵ľ룬Ҷսӵǰ
ҫĿֻһǾǰɱ֮Ӳţ
ʱٲʮĹ㳡ڣĵľĻϲսӶսҶսӵĻ棬ҫľ֮٣ֻսڵĺҶսӵˣʵеĹڶһһ㶵ġ
սӵĿǿһΪ磬ҫǵһ֧Ϊ˿͡
ѽĸٺǿƵģʵģսϵжǰʵлԭģģṹһģһģװʮذɣȻһǿսӵһСŮߵһߴ׳˵
ߴ׳˵ͷһ΢Ц˸СŮԴЦҲѽ
СŮҡҡͷͷ˵ѵģҲɣ
㣬ٳһ㣬һǿ׳֮ɫ΢Ц˵

Ӣ尡õôȥװôλս㵱أɳսӵܶӳЦ
ܶӳǻսӣôǾҪȥܲǵӰɴսӵһ٣ŵ˵
а취ԸȻҲҪܹӲһزУɱ֮ſɲǰ׽еģɳսӵܶӳЦ

ҫһ֣ȻѼװ벻עⶼѿͦүǵģϲٺ٣ŴЦߵĸǣһĺ֮ɫ
ܶӳ벻Ҫ¶ֱϵļƤĲһˣ鷳һ£һС˵Ҳһ죬ûİһۣҲŭ̧ͷĻ

˼۷ʣһͦǿҫ񶼵ı˰ɣһϷһ߿˵
ǹˣһǰģ˵ĲκõģͦСӣҲעһ°ɣܷһѩѣỤ̃Ц
ָӢ磬Ҳǹ˲óֵЧ°ϸָף˵
ӦúúùעģСӵʵֹأϹ΢Ц˵ЦԵúǸĪ⡣

ʵģսڣҫʼǹƥҶսչ棬׵ı׶˸󣬻·һͷֱĹܣ˿ȥ͵һͿ̷
ҫμ壬˻ΪһӰٶȿޱȣֻгӲһˣֻԵ̷ɲô׵Ը
̷붯ȭֱڵһ㣬ֱֱĴգۼİҫһȻİҫҲͬһȭ̷ɰСȭжԺ䡣
˫ȭһԺ䣬̱һּص̷þޱȣȭĹǽڳһܵľʹͬʱһɾͣѹֱÿһ缡⣬ͺñһȭеĲǰҫȭͷһڷɳ۵Ļ𳵣ֱӺΣվվȡ
ǿȻûɣҫвһ˲Ĳ죬ԼһȭȭжԼ̷ûбɣҲһˡ
ҫеľֻ̾һ˲һӶ̷ոʧεһ˲䣬ҫ˳ǰһ̤ڵһĽӡ硢衢ͬʱһǿļ翿ݺݵײ̷֮ϣӴײɳʮ׿⣬ֱײһҵУ֪
ž
ڰҫײ̷֮һǹһöͭɫӵڰҫǰüģǹֺֿݣֻöӵҫԴһƫ׾ٵı˹ȥǹֱӴһ롣
ǵһμܹܿӵģԼսӵУһֿǹСǹ죬ǹ죬׼죬֮ܽӵŶӵһƻǳӲ£ӲǹԼ
ǰ֮ǰĲмİҫȻ׾ٵĶ㿪ǹʵʶ԰ҫ׵ĸĹۣ֮ģǹһᣬĳżٿİҫֻÿһǹᱻҫòͬƽвܣǹ֮ûһǹУðҫ
ҫèұ۷һץץסǰֱ壬ֱֱһšֻо粿ʹһʹʶ֣ǹڵ棬ҫ糤ް˦ݺݵĳĸ߷ɡ
ڰҫ߷һ̣һ󺮷ϮһɫĶذڰҫĺ֮£ͬʱһ˪Ļ
ҫôĶְɣӲŲ֪ʱҫסİҫ
һﲻֻѣ񾭷ӦҲǿ쵽˼ĵز˹֣治֪ôȥݰ峤Цҡҡͷ
˵ʵڵģҫ̷ʮʱѣ֮νܵô죬ΪԼһ˳Ӳ⣬Լڣ˶˰ҫһء
ôҲֻԼˡ̷ײ֮ûֻˣ౻ҫ߷֮߰ĵŵֻ֭һѣҫѾݻ˺ҶսӸ߲Աһսǵ͹ð
ӲţҪ㣬˵ʵڵģķӦٶȣӦòһͬ飬ıɣҫ޿ֵĿЦ
ӲһľȻԽĻص뿴ʵҵֱûгҲûϵһ˾Ťתȫ֣
δأ
ҫԴ΢΢һƫĳӲſԼаȵЦݣüͷһ壬ϵĶذ͵һۿžҪҫʺ֮ʱһöӵǹ֮ǰֱӲұߵͷ­Ƶֻ¶׶ܡ
ҫȵľһ̣һι֮һף׶缲磬һɨȷɨĳӲţһ⧲صİһȣڰҫǿֲ£ֱӱɨɳʮԶһײһƵľƵڡ
ҫ֮΢ЦĿһԶһʮߵ¥˵ͷֱ֮Ƶöȥ֮峤ҪƲأȻһűߵˮֱըһƻСӣҶ˿
˼ԽԽˣ峤˫һУŤͷ֮ǰҫͷ¥һ̣Цһ
ҫƵ֮ǰ˰̨һƬǽ֮⣬Ѿû˳ӲŵӰֻɤصܣƮ޶׽
Ӧÿҵļ¼һɱ֣רаɱ֮£ڿտĻ£ҵʵûа취ӣллһţҴҵ
ҫÿɷһЦ˵ڹĽУǺźɰ


ʮ ҹɱʹ˸С͵
һ񶼺ϡô񶼸ճʱȷʵϡ棬Ǽǧأôϡھôʱ󣬶˾ռˣȻ񶼾ҪְǻǺϡģ˵Ӳš
ϡڵĹˣǲ̫ܵߵְλģţԼڣҪҪְ˵ϼѣʲôȽϾ˵ĹףŻᱻƸѡĻҲӹӹµµѡ
ʵҲ޿ɺǵģеǺ֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ񶼵ıǳԽС΢Ҳãǳų켺Ҳãǹ磬磬ʱܻôż벻ε̬
֮ӹĹˣռһĶֵأʵǲôףڳӲţһ˵Ϲģ滹ʲôҲ˵
ô֪ģڰҫһƳӲŵ֮󣬺ߺܲʵֻδҲ֪ĸ򴫳ȴš
Ϊλҫ΢Ц˵
ΪҶǿӵӲŻص
ӦҲ֪ǹڴ֮ڵᱻᣬ޷ǣȻ⣬ѧϵʽľ磬ǷⲻסģҲرܡ
ǿʥ򿪷ʥ߿ûа취֣ɳλȴãһΧڣκϸ΢ķ紵ݶǵĶĿֻҪϰĹˣӵ
Ȼ󣬾ĲϢĽҵ˵ǽṦ˵ģʽڣڳ£ǹ˶ʽϵüѾ뵽ˣȫһá
Ȼ񶼾ڵЩ˻ҲѧĻᣬǣôǣѧʽⷽ棬ǹ˻еƣѧҲֻèѣѧ裬ʹָ
ܹ֮˲ҵҶѷӦΪṦʹȻλ˳ϵļʣҲǹ˰
ôԸңźôҫ΢ЦŽһԼļ⡣
ǲĳӲţȴ΢΢𾪣ҫ˵ноݣԼΪҫֻһͽçˣû뵽Է˵ô׵ķⷬۿ˵ǰ˾Ųʮˡ
˵ʵڵģһйսϵ⣬ҫչֳķ磬ԣҫûпȥôֻõĵطһѡ
ڰҫ䣬Ʒ֮𣬰ҫһöƬֻǷ򲢷ԼĵƾߣһƬĴ֮󣬵ƾӦ顣
ھƵֻһڣʩʵޣµƾһܻ꣬ʱû谵ޱȡ
벻㱾ʵǿͷǲףұԱźˡĸҹɱʹӲţͽ̣ӲɭڰҫޱȵֱĶŰҫĲֶյĶذΪһâֱ̰ҫĲϵĴҪһɱ
ҫĺëڳӲϵĶذӽʱȫ𣬶ߴһϸ΢ƷʶһƫǶذһ룬ͬʱ̧ס˳Ӳŵһ
ҫķӦν죬ŸոյסӲŵĴɱһ붼£ӦԹơ
ֻһͣȸ߸̧ͷϣбһնֱӲŵĺףٶȿޱȣǶȼ꣬˵ƼֱҰްսЭԣʵޱȡ
ҫݣӲҲʲôӹˣ֮ǰ˵ǰ㣬Լרаɱ֮£һɱ֣ôΪɱֵĳӲţʵͬޱȡ
ҫеһȣûʧ룬ǿҵȷٽ֮ʱӲһͣһ˸գͬʱȻһתеĶذݺݵҫΪ֧ȸ켡⡣
Сϵĸ죬ִļ죬˵ߣܣԾȫŸĴڣһܵˣ彫粽ơҲ˵ӲһҪǻʵˣҫȱطɣսϻܵӰ졣
֪һİҫȻóѣֽһţ˺ռתԾӲͷȻֱ֮峣ӲŶȥ˫һȭ׶ȭǹһգۼԴȭƵĳӲ֧穣òǱ
λ񾭷˵ҫƻҪȳӲǿôһ㣬ǳӲŵķʽҲƣڱʵϷľʱڰҫȻѹ¡
˫սʮ룬Ӳ˫ĿȻһ˫ֶذӿһ࣬˫ݺύڰҫ˫ʮѪۣҫҲͬݲȣηµĿһȭֱӽӲźɣصײǽ֮ϣ֮䡣
ҫӲŻĵطʱԷӰѾʧ²Ρ
ǸǼͳ̶ȾȻ˹ֲҵֻƿƤѣ˲ôġֲӦٶȸ֮£ǡôĽжܡǺˣһȭû߹ǣû䱩ҫ˵ðЦӲŶһεĿռڣؿڵľʹо̾ŰҫǺ˵ʵֲֲ֪ãԼڰҫǰûʲôرư
ֶˣǵģܾôһֱȥҫɦɦף
˵ʵڵĳӲŵĲ书ˣֻҪһʧȫ޷ȷ䷽λˣʵҫƲѣҲĪĲ䱾죬ŻᵼսӼаϵϵģҲ˳ҽá
һɱ˵õµ塢ʵЩȻҪǣ֮أҪı졣
صĺã˸޷δҰڵȫ֪£͵ϮɱȻӲǽܷӵ쾡µĳ̶ȡ
߶Ͷûһ춯Ӳŵ˼ܵһںϵһ𣬾ͺͲһ㣬ȫ޷ֱ١
ҫ˶Լ˫ۣȻһѪԵôĿģʵ΢ĺܣӲŵһ˫ذֻǻƤѣ˵ˣֶûУʵӰ첻ˣҫ
ȥҪϵʲôʱ򣬸ɴˣҫɭȻһЦȭ̧Ȼһ棬ȭѹݺײأȵķֲΪĵİ׿⣬ȻһܵȻʮ֣ٴ׹أڰĳӲҲһϢı任λá
ҫһȭ֮ȭ̧ͬͺ棬ٴһ𣬰ҫ˫ȭʹڵ֮ϡ
ǿֲľǰĵ°֮ԽԽԶƵõĵڳʮһ㣬ͣǽڶҫɾ׵ȭ𣬰ҫһ˫ȭһС͵

Ҳ֪ҫ磬ôˣ˵ǸӲźأϼ㶼Ķ֣ӦúѲǣ
ƵĿյϣһѰM82A1ѻǹվںɵһƬʿ֮У˿ȥӢˬޱȣһӣڵϵʮʿȫΪݣƮɢΣࡣ
ôֻҪҫʤӲţǾܽǿأ


ʮ һʮᣡ
䣬濪ʼտʼĲңֻʱһһĹȥƵȿʼϵӣʮӺС͵һͣ
üͷŤͷǰҫ볣ӲľƵ꣬ߵľƵԵĻζţ˪ĽѻǹбУԴֻҪǰֵӰǰҫ̿ǹС
M82A1ѻǹѾϸʱϹŶˣڵǸ׼ǿĴھѻǹ֮һڵʱǸھ˵ǱȽܻӭľѻǹ֮һ
ʱգŸ˹еѰȫˣ֮Ѹʱװ׼ȶԶԶ˹ѻǹĹʱȻĵ
ڵһ֮𶯷Ƶʿʼ𽥵תǰһҳԭõƵ꣬ʱһƲΣ¥Ѻ۲ϣһҡҡ׹ļƣ·ֻҪһˣᴥһ¾ͻ̵
һ˫ĿΪţԶĳ˵쳣רעеɱԽԽңϾѻǹİѾָסֻҪǰκγķ紵ݶֱӾֿ̧ǹ
Ѿͷ԰ɱһô˵ĺòҫǱ־ԵɵЦУʱֻһˣȴӲŵӰ
ҫ磡Ӯһǰҫ˲Ц˵
ţӲǼһˢӣҫҲǳصģʤһɣ
ʱص֮ǰһ̡
ҫһȭһȭĺŵ棬ÿһȭֹƵ·ھܵŰһ㣬Ե᧿Σ֮һƬǽ壬ΰʾµʯѹ飬ǽѲϣһ˲ԭûʵľƵ꣬ñͨ񷿻Ҫ硣
ҫ뵽ķܼ򵥣㳣ӲżȻҾֱһʮᣬ¶㲻ҾƽǰһУֱӶչĴ㲻͵űһɣıǰ㲻òȦס
Űҫͺ֮£ݵһҵȣܵһоͺ쫷ιһ㣬һƬǽ壬еڵƵʵ£ȫһ
ӲʶĶ㿪컨ϵһʯα¶ڰҫУһЦɭȻþˣ
ҫһ̤翪ֱ峣ӲŶȥգ֮ǰӲüͷһ壬֮УҪǲܣֻչ˫һ˫ذǸ£ѸޱȣƷһƬƺòˣĳŰҫȥ
ҫһЦ³ֱضԷʹ̣һճӲŵĽףȻԷˤɳһ㣬ݺݵˤڵ棬涼ˤһСİۣ֮󣬲Զ
Ӳֻоһ˺ѷεʹҪʵӣӲŲϰҫʮǧﶼֹһˤˤ߻أ䲻ڣҲֵҰݡ
ͷţǴ󣡡Ӳ˫Ŀѣݺݵ뵽ֻΣݲ˿ķģҪŶܣȴҫǺǯһץסȫѲ
ҫɭȻһЦһɳӲŵĽףǰˣ̩ɽѹ֮ƣݺѹӲŵš
뾢ϵٶȣµ׹ȣһ߰ԼӵĶӲź޷ıҫѹʵˣǱɣʣعǱȻѣԼࡣ
ҫٶӲŴʧɫ˫ۺһǵסˣǰһϸ΢Ĺ볱ˮӿľʹУӲһ죬һ̧ҫ߷ϰգͬʱ˫Ⱥһ˦еĶذֱյİҫ
Ӳȣ˦Ķذƿݣڰҫȴûһ˿һذУһӣâһ˫ذֱгӲŵС򣬽̶ڵ֮ϡ
ҫ̧֮ԷӲǰ˫ֱȭһ񣬿Ц֣ˣ
ҫ֣ԣˣ޻˵ְɣӲ̾ϢһĻصҫ˵ͷһ˳һȭӲŵͷ­ͷ­ϰ㱬Ӳ˫һţһغҫͷҲصĳȥ
Ƶ֮󣬰ҫŷԭԼֳôĶܳһƬֻԼԼıûһһɱϮҫһϸһŷɾֵǰȥ
ҫһᣬ˿ֿ˿Ѫ֮еָָ࣬ʬ壬˵ѾͷŪã
ɵĵ˵ͷ΢ЦʮһҶսӸһʮͨʿ
ѾͷҽȥŲʮӶѣ;ôˣ֮ǰĿǹֶΣҲǸѻ֣ǹ£ľѻ츳İֶβأҫս֮üͷһƣԴڳ޵
ʵѻǹȻȥԶҲ֮ͬټǵλϵõȻȽʲôģͷЦ
ҫһЦ˵ͷλڹĽУ˾ߣ˵һ΢ȱսԵҪˡ
ϾǹеʱʵжǿֻܹԹԵĸ׳ƳΪǲǰλӵ
ôҶսӻʣˣ峤أҫʵ
׷Ӳ֮ҵľѻ֮£Ǵֱӽ峤Լ̷ʣ£ɢȥ׷ˣʱ˵Ӧн˰ɣ˼һ󣬿ڻص
λԱע⣬λԱע⣬ҶսύͶҶսύͶս˳ǿʵģսʮӺرգвԱҪ뿪Լڵλãڽ뵹ʱʮšˡߡһʵսʼرգ
һŮԵӺϳ֮󣬰ҫ˲˫ĿʵģڵҺȫųͬʱһů紵˵ɣ漴ϵ·ȫأŴ򿪡
ң̧ͷԶĻĻսӵ˳ʱͣλսǿλá
أҫһЦ
˱˻ԣ԰ˣ߰ɣͣ¥úףףİҫļ΢Ц˵һԵģҫ˫ĿŹ⣬ͷ
֮ʱ˿ǵĿⶼ̫һˣǿҫʱһֶԼηʵΪ۵ﶼõġ


ʮ سŵŭ
ڰҫ֮󣬸ǰȺڵĿ⣬˰һλսǱȲ죬ÿһ֧ʵһǰ㣬̥ݶΪ
ʤǴʤ֤ʵԵ֮һ֣ϾǺҶսӣɲʲôӣսʤǿӣɱ֮ӲĶڣʵ֮ǿӹɡ
ȻҶԣһԪر֮£еĶ鶼ܷӳԼʵҶչֵľǳǿսֻǣǿаҫģǸǿˡ
ҫͬʱ߳ĻкҶսӵˣ˶ãŰҫ˵ͷʾ⣬ʾѺãҲؿ֮ˡ
Ψһ˶ݺݵĿҫˣʮ㣬һҪ̻ļƣҫܹоಢˣԵֻһ˶ѡ
ĳӲ̾Ϣһҡҡͷļ򣬵ϸ˵Щʲôεĵ˵ͷٴΰһ̧ȥӲǺòĶŰҫһ֮ȥ
ҫ΢΢һЦԴһƫֱ۹˹΢ЦʵѾͷǸԱС
΢΢һЦܣ
ҫÿɷһЦҡҡͷʱڴٶĿУĿ⣬ҫеһǱڵѹȸУо΢԰ҫǿĸ֪ȻԷλá
ҫԴ΢΢һƫԶһͷñһҳۣһ׾ſ⣬ȳƣɫī˫һȣ˿ȥԴɫʵӣǵЦݣ˫ĿŰҫš
ӵ߲Զ꣬޼ɵЦмͷ𷢵ӣʳָָҫ漴ԼĲϻһ£ޱȣζ
ҫһЦҲ׷ƲһԣһĴ󺺣ԼһСɵŮƥŮʮ㣬˶һۣ漴ҫ΢ЦͷʾѺãҫҲͬ΢Ц
ʱһ׺˰ҫע⣬Եúܱڵֳı֮УҫӣڰҫУԶһ׿⣬ͼΪ׳˶ĹͷӣŰҫƱеľҺ漴һںȸɣľޱתȥ
Ƕǿڰҫ߳ʮĴ֮󣬵̾һ
֮ǰĸͬעƵĽƣѹȸ쳣ľңȻԼ壬е͸ϾЩ˿ɲʲôӣһһ֮ܳʵ˵ڹĽУЩ޲һһƶ֮ˡ
Ӣʡɳ㵱⼸һС󰡣ܵսܶӳˣôͨأϹϵˣûмģһԵЦ
ǵҲǣҲ֪ǲҶˣǶƵģҫƲƲ쿪ڵ
Ҳ԰ɣˣԽԽԶ˶ĴսӲˣǰͷǴģߺ߳ģûˣԣҲ㷢ӸӢע⣬֪һʧܣӰЧҲڻصֱͨĿưǰʼ¥㡣
ôıۣҫʼ磬뿪Ц˵
ôҲسŵȻϽģô֮ǰͱҪס֣Ҷǹˣ֪ŵжذɣ
ǶۣѵһԵ΢ɣɪ΢ЦԵúĴ뿪ʣʧһɶߵĽܿ̾һҲֻ̾ѡ
ļ򲻹ģһҰɣҫļ΢Ц˵ٴν˫гһ죬߽ͨڣҫ֡
һЦ߽ͨУһʧ
飡
һȭľϣǰķ⾵һѺ۲ɢһɫϵ߸͹ԭµһ飬ԵüΪ˵ֻŭɶĸݡ
ҵţ¶û꣡
һ仰ǴӲģһڱݲûҧϸ飬ŭŭŭԭ򣬱еˣڼսǹһĵһν棬ܵ൱֮ѿ
ַʲô񾭣Ӳüͷ壬һõ˵
ԴӺҶ˻صԼľ֮ԻصԼķڣͿʼĵ֣֪˻ΪǿأҶսӵȽ⣬ܶӳͬʱסһڡ
㲻֪ôǼҵǹ˴ɸӣ൱ѿе̷һֻĵЦ
˭֣Ӳһ䡣
Լɣ̷óһƽ壬Լⷽҫ˵Ķս¼Ӳ֮󣬱¥ӲŽӹԺϸĿйս¼
Уҫֱ׷ӲŶȥ峤еľѻǹã̷ûӦԮֳҲֻʣһ˻
֮ǰҫһţǿΰȾôһŮܳܵģֻߵûθ³ŻӲŻҪ峤ʱȴԷֹ
Ҫоѻ֣峤˵
֪ոտǹǹܴ󣬲Ǹ˹ϵеӦǾʱİM82A11500~1800ңӦþ⸽ӣұҪٿһǹܶжλԡ
໰û˵꣬ȾܣͻȻһƬľǹ𣬽űߵˮըһſſӶֱ౳ǽڣһ̵ǽʱǹֹͣ
֪ˣԭǸ񣬺ߣұǹʮ಻мЦһһŽԲһťԲ˲ݻƴӳһһ壬ͨףǹƽ߸һɫſޱȵĸ˹žѻǹ
һǹ֣˵ƱüΪһ֮󣬱סǽһһףԶһ¥¥͵Ŀ°˹žѻǹߵɫ˲ǹ΢һһһȦȦɢӵ٣ֱȥ


ʮ ǹ鲻ˣܲ飡
˹ϵеж䱾ԭǵӵƶѹһСĿռڣõŵĳ嵯ȥһҲٵ֮ࡣ
Ҳֻͣ˵ǹеһ࣬˹ͨǹټ׾ٵĴ͸ֺĸְ塣˹ͻǹϸܶȸоӵԽʱս̹˴ѡ˹ѻǹⵯҩֱƽһƽڵʣ¡
¥ϵڿǽǵһ˲䣬ԤУֻҪĲǹǶܣΪеǹɱɱеѰҪǿϰٱֹмƲߵȻԷӲӲ
ոһ룬ԼԭڵطȻһȻը·𱻵һ㣬ըһ鲻ƽ׵ȱڣ˹ѻǹίʵޱȡ
һǹ֮èصĲһֱӿ֮߰Զٶȿ磬̧־һǹߵǽǴһȱڣʯӷɽϻһѪۣŵϽ任λֱӽ̵֮ڡ
֮ǰԼһǹϲУ˼У϶Ƿˣеĸ˹žѻǹǿǽӵõżٽе䣬ٵٶȣܶùȥ
ֵĵ״̬£̻˫ʱôˣǾǲаи峤ԱҲüʮʿ֧Ԯ󣬱ʣµ˸ȥ鿴̷
̵ڵ౻֮ǰһǹŵһ亹нʺ˸飬漴λͬķλǹԼʵڵһըƽ¶ıȽ磬ڰֻǿĹȥ¶š
ֻǹ·ʯһ㣬ȫûеõӦûпǹӦ֮ǰǵڶǹԭȷλİ׿һ룬ɼƶٶȼݣץ׼Էλã಻һգֻܸԷĥԡ
ǹٴʱ಻ԾĽ˽еĸ˹žѻǹֻڵ̵ûһﱻݻ٣в⣬Сһǰһвûķը
̵ʿÿһǹ𣬶һʿĵأǹǹֱñͻһ㣬ϣ·ԷҪ׼ƵģȫƾоȥǹʮӣѾûֱʿˡ
Σǽڣ۵ĳ֮ɫڲðͷȻŭգԺɻһǡ
֮ǰԷǹɱʿÿһӵڲͬķͺԵĲֹһѻ֣һʮϵľѻСӣĳʶ˵ַѻһ˵ǹƥģѾսʶ
ⲻܣμλսսӣͨʿСжӳټܶӳҲˣȫþҲܴﵽЧʿװʽģûоѻǹļһﵽôģͲܴﵽģ
ǽڵ࣬ҲȣǿԼ侲ƽзֻǷȥͷʲôȻļûа취ȥһʱᣬԼķᵱС
޷ǵһһɴһѣ͸㶷ǹˣ뷨ոճ֮ʱͻȻһ죬һӵ͸ǽڣֱֱĴ߲Զ̨ϣ̨һࡣ
ǿһ￿ˣʶ뵽
ΪҶսӵĸ֮һȻƢ𱬣ţǹĿԳƵһָСеľǹеϣҲȷʵⷽ츳
ڳµĿ̿ѵ֮£ǹ˵ʮֻսУŽǰֻУʱչӵϣжϳԷľ룬鼫֮ϵǹмҡ
Թĵһǹ̨֮󣬽ļǹǹǹֱȥƵ̵ڲͣĵȻûһǹӵɵĻҳƬŪͷòǱ
ʱ濴̵ȷúòȥǹۣ洦ɼ̵꼸ɸӣԵòƲ
ڵ࣬ͣĻ£ٴλص˴ߣʱ˿ֻ̣Ҫһ̧ͻһӵǽڣĽűߣÿһǹ῿һ㡣
ȥô¶ƤôԸ΢΢һЦó򿪴һк౧˹žѻǹ
ոջص֮ʱʮӵķбϽǣһһţ˫Ŀһ¶ɭЦݣһ̧ǹ׼۰һ붼ʱһС
µһ˲䣬ǹ΢΢һǿҵ˴գۼŵӵ֮ܵķһȻ죬ǰʮסլ¥ĵڰ˲ǽһ󶴡
ͨ׼ϿĲֹʯأһЩ·ƬƮ䣬ɭȻһЦͷ̶ۣǹ㻹ʸ񣡡
ͷŶնأ
˫ĿͫС£һݺɤëֱȻ׿⣬һžݳС
ܸʶ㣬ҽ
һЦϵİоѻǹ˳һ̧ǹһǹֱӴ˸ͨ͸һǹۣһǹҶ˸ͨ͸һǹ౻ĭ
쵰мˣѪĭӿһ˿ҲԳֱ֣ͦͦӭ浽أǹˣһͿ
ĲԩúһնøƵʵ⣬ð־նϵķ⾵նע⣬ɱʵͷϣһĽУĲԩӲָָƽϵĻ棬һһķǰ߿ƽϵ¼֮ķ䣬ֹ˶Էͬ踾ľٶ
֪޻˵ǣʲôˣƶٶȣͲ˿ģп˼ʣλսûиװɣ͸ô⣬ô׼ҵģУǸҫֲֿı͸Ƶģ㶼УҫһŲɸ˵ܣŭδҧ˵еȻʲȥ
˾ˣҪǲսǣҷȰһ䣬սζûãһģӮǣУǵݸеɣҲˣҪȥ飡ӲĻص
ô϶ӮǣһһӣΪʲôҲܲ飿üͷ΢壬ʵ
ʵֻһ𰸣ǵݣֻ鲻ҲܲѡӲŻص
Ϊʲôеŭٴ𣬳Ӳŵ̬ܷУĿ¶׹ʵ
鲻ΪȨ̫ͣʮָӹٵصȨ޶û飬ܲΪǶ˵Ѿ鵵ȫֵϿˣȨͬصȨϡô
ˣ
ʮ֣λսǿֱΪġɳӢʣսӣ԰ܣ


ʮһ ǿɳСǣ
Ѿͷһ£ǲΣ
Ŷ
һŽʵʵڰҫƨϣҫȦ֮ƨƨߵܻԭأ·ʲô¶ûзһ㣬Ŀӣ̧ͷĻϵǿλ
ĻϣĶսɳսӢʣ˶ѡ
Ҳ˵νеƣ⣬ȫĶƿҫɦɦףΪ˵
֮е£ڵԻ֮ûϿȥô٣һҲͬ죬˷ſ˴ǿЩƽʱͲĶȻᱻǿϺüҲǳôһƿϵв⣬ȻСе֪֪ˣܰսʤİҫļ΢Ц˵
㿴ɵӣɳǿôҫ΢Цʵ
ǿսӶϣܲǿô΢΢ҡͷڻص
Ҳ˵֪֪ˣʲô˽⣿ҫʵ
ǶȺӣӹĲڵᡣ
ǵȽϾ㣡΢΢һЦ˵ͷȥ
ɳսӣ˵Ƕʮ֧սӵ׳ɣĸ߲Ա겻ʮСᣬƽĺܣ䲻˵裬ǣһֺĺܣ˭һ߸ϵӣҲаıǮɱСǣɳϣŶȣɷĿ˵
ôĲҫƳһһ֮ɫ΢Цʵ
ҫӦսҪԣÿսӶԼصսÿսǽԼ£ĥģ˵ԼܷӵޣʿǱսսӲɣʤ֮䣡
֮ǰ˵ɳսӶһȺˣǳ嶯ߣ²ܰţֻᰴԼԸȥ£Ҳ˵ǴӲƣīسɹ档
ҲΪһ㣬䲻⣬辶䲻˵ȱŵ㲢棬Ҳǳôһƿ˸ɣ²У
˭ҶǣߣɳˣֻҪӮһΣôӮģȥҫŪ֪ĳ̶ȣ伫ķʽȥĨ㣬㣬ֱһ㣬ӮҪĽɫ˵ӮǶ῿һһӣ񣡡Ỻ˵еķߺ֮ɫԽ
ʵԴ˺׵ģҫ˫ۣһŵЦ
ô˵Ƴһۣʵ
ܼ򵥣ҪˣǾʹ£ǲȥˣһǾҪͷҲҰһһÿ̸ʱ뵽ҵȭͷҫɭȻһЦ˵Ը򵥣㣬ˣ£ҫд㡣
Ǻ£ǲҪģɳЩСȻΪһ۸ڶǵܶӳӦϻͦˢӵģСأῴŰҫŵ΢Ц
Ŷ㶼˵ǵҪǿˣҫµ΢ЦʵĻӦӦþƵǸˡ
ʮ֧սУǹϣһĻصֻĻע⡣
⼸ԵúܳĬƽ岻֣һֱȱȻͣƽҫҲԽԽټȫĶͶ뵽ƽڵоݡʱ˿̵ƺĻȤԴ΢΢̧𣬿ᡣ
Ѿͷϵƽ⣬ʲô¶Ȥôһйǹۣôоѵǹˣ
ҫ룬ԴӴӮҶǹ֮󣬻ǹе˲СȤʱսеǹһ֡
õĳǹǶǹȻһЦʵ
˵ͷ΢Ц۳̣䵽ﶼǹֻԶô򵥣ܽսģ
սôһ΢Цͷ漴ֵͷϵƽ壬Ȼ
ҫһƵҡҡͷҲ˼ȥ
ѾͷˣһֱڰŲ̄ƽ壬㵽ڹĵʲôأҫ̲סһΪ⼸쳣ʵƲѣ䣬Լɹ¼ҹˣôܲơ
ԼҫеԹϵƽ泯ҫ΢Цͣ
ѾͷŪģҫһ˫ûɳۿֱĿеƽ壬˵˵ʵڵģĶȷʵ𾪲С
ǵȻ

ʵսϣλսǿʽʼ
ҫ˫ʱǰսһƬï֣ܵİʿ⣬ܿǿвûвԸȥˡ
ҫֿտգһԲһ˫ǹ˫࣬ǹһM82A1ѻǹݳͣıȫװҲӢˡ
ҫһۣĵ˵ͷݰ࣬ǾݻȷӢ䲻ٲȻһüļƣΪĿ
ûİ˶һۣȴʿǰȥҫ΢΢ҡͷһ˿Ц˵ôʼɣȥ̽ȺСôˣ
һͬЦݣǰȥҫʮ￪⣬ͷȾû̵İ꣬һɵЦţоսӵͷûиǴΣС
ǿǺɳüһأһҪӮĸɾ䣬֧ʣսҲʱھǵˣһͷط꣬Լĺ׳һ˷ܵ˵ɳսӸ֮һ˿
У㵱ھôðĹҲ͸ǼսӲ࣬пöѣǸӢսӣǵܶӳǿӣһ毺ãĸŮмķ̵ɳսӸ֮һǧۡ
Ĳö˵Ҳ͸һУƿѣΨǸܶӳϻе㹦Ļ߹ĻеС£ҲҪɵ̫ࡣҪ˵ֱɱȥƽˣʡһʱ䣬һҪȥϷأһͷ̷ĸ꣬˫ۻһȻ˵ɳս½٣ٻ
㣬ĲսӣҲᣬ΢һĺãһüĿͦΣ˫ǹǹڱͷҷĿ΢Ц˵սУǹһĺɳսܶӳӦ
ܶӳҪԴôҿսҲ͸֧սһ֮ѣһȺͷϵķѣܴܿҿҪܶӳ֣ȫǣٻ°΢΢̧һʮ㣬֮иͲѰҫӰҫֽһ㣬·Լһ˾ܰƽȫΪһ
ӦԴһᣬһЦڵֻ֪˵~΢


ʮ ǹ֮ǹ
žžž
˫һ̧ǹֱڷӦ˫üģӦӦǼ죬һͣǹɴľмɽһ̧漴ǹֻǰĻӰԷʧ١
Ŷ
´Ӧ̧ͷһһǱ̬ļ٣ֱڣͷ֮ϡ
Ӧո̧ͷ֮ʱμתɲǼϵ˫ǹǹڣĽӵк£˷ӦԲڵĵ档
Ӧ˫Ŀͭ壬üͷ壬͵һ¿Ҫѿжѿ侪յĶĸƬ֮󣬱˷һ㣬ӿݡ
ڷӦոն֮ʣҲ֮أֻ˫ǹǹһ棬һ˫أһתյĵ˳˫ǹһԣ֮ϻأˮᵽУʵеĹǶǻȻһƬһǹֱðжĽ֮顣
˫ǹǹףǰķӦһͷҲص˫һڣ԰֮ƣ˫ǹǹ漴һ΢Ʒֱϡ
Ӧ˫ǹͬǹףȡϴľѻǹЦ׼еĺӰҲľǹ䣬ֻ֮Ĳϲõı飬Եе㾪ʧ롣ΪеĲֻһ¶ѡ
ˣмƣӦʶ뵽
ŵأƽڵ棬ʱһͦ𣬴΢ЦؾѻǹԱȡ£Уǹھ׼Ķ׼˷Ӧࡣ
ӦƽϰգȻþѻǹһǹ˭̴֪졣ķӦ뼱Ǹ޷ģһнƾͼƣһһӣͬʱƽɣ˷ӦӵԼļ󣬳ɹԻԴķӦ
ʱеİؾѻǹ׼ŷӦ࣬˲ƣ侲Цû뵽ôƯŮǹȻôҴ۽簡
˵սӵǹһǹ֮ƣеʵŶȻôһСŮסǲǸýǹ֮һֻ۾׼ߣһֻ۾гһ죬΢Ц˵
ŶԭұƲأҿŮˣǸѵõŮ㼸֣飬ɫͿȾǹ֮ھҪӦһ˿ãЦ
ܲǹ֮ɱңҲֻ֪֪ɱֻһǹ͹ˣǺɳս˵ƤôôƣƫҪ˵ǵģѵ֮ǰǵǴɢҲǵģЦӦıԽ
ͷǰӦ£ҡڵȥһ㶼ûǿŵķΧͺһ㣬Եú⣬ȫѰҫ˵һ£·ܰҫһɵ£ȫֵҪġ
ɳȫӴ̬Դȫܲ˵ǰȥǽµ嶼ȫȻδ֪ҫʿУз񹥻ʱ٩٩
ɾǲ˰ҫɱ룬ȻԵеģҫ볣ӲŵĶսӰǶûֻǾðҫ޷ҲçˣҪġ
Ȼʵ൱пģҫһ棬ȭأľȭ淽Բʮڵʿһϵĸ߶ȣļʿֱӱһݣʧʣʿͳͳɳ߰Զ
һȭҲֻһȭѣһȭҲͰҫĳңһȭֻǽһֱףȰ׵İӣʮʿɶѡ
һȭкɳսӵľʧ룬ԭЩΪҫֻûʲô˵ģ֪ˣǴеˡ
ҫǿƵǳԺɳսӵ˼Ӱ죬ѾӮһ룬ɭȻЦݣҵɱ⣬˷Ӧ⣬˶ǱĲС
ҫҲ˵ʲôһ̤棬Ȼһ߸ըһڵһֱ巽Ӧȥɳսǰʮʿײɣһܵȥ·գѵɳǰ
һȭٻɽû˸Ӱץס˿һɳƵĽ䶪ɳ֪⣬һǸ߱Ƚǧɨɣ̧۷Ҳܲסҫľֱɨɳʮ⡣
ž
Ӧеǹһ죬ҫɳսӵٻܣòһӣǶڷӦ˵һ㹻ǹˣԷӦԼȫûһ˿ı飬Ȼһ߼װŹǷһ߳Űҫǹ
ҫһ̧ӵڰҫģʱƽ״䣬ҫü˿ģۣͦ
Ӧɵˣˣɵ£Ƿһ򲻳ˣԼϵĸǹǲʱˣŪһǹ
ճ˵˫ײҫͬӦñŶԣǣӵȻҫǼ͵ƸѹˣֻһӡӣƤûƿ
ʵУ˶ξķʽսͨݻ壬Ҳ˵ʵʲôսʲôʵжǿսжǿǿҲȫԼʵ
Ҳ˵ҫʣ˹ǹ򲻴ӦоԼҪɱҫƺе㲻̫ܣͬʱ˼ֳԺС
Ѿͷ㣡
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵һӦоĪĻһ䣬һǹ죬˫ĿһţӦԴһƫһöӵһѪۡ
ҫĴָָָ󣬴һָĪЦݣ뿪θն֮ʱǾЦݣеǹڷӦСӦ˫ĿһŤͷܣǽϣһܶһ߿ǹ䣬ǹԶóǹҲǶǹսĿʼ
ؿʱӦһߴ㱻סҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ֮ǰ֮УҪʼˡ
ߣҳǺɳСһأⲻֵǰţǹΣҲҪҲУ
ӦһӣζȻһƫƣҲʶһ۰Ȼ˰ģǿֲɱ˫׾£ӵûдзӦǴľҷѹɽӦұһѪ⡣
Ӧüͷһ壬˲ֱϵʹŲһγ˹ǹ˲ʶĽеľѻǹһߣְǹ׼ӦԴһǹ
Ӧ׼ǹڣԴһƫ㿪һǹֳǹһһѹǹö׼üģֱӿ°һ࣬һһӦֱѹ£ӭһǹӦһͣ׶ǹϣüһǹǽӦһǹֱ̫Ѩ
˵ֳǹͬʱֱ۽еǹ˴֮ľ벻һףתŲ֮࣬ᳬһ׵ľ룬˫ݺӴǹһǳɣˮأӵ쾡£ȥͺǹн񶷣ۻңſޱȡ
˫һڣӦĶͷʼһϸܵĺ飬ĶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ˳ѾʼемܲסˣֽҵǹеսУһ϶ԷĽֻ࣬һ˿һķģҪĽ֡
˵Ӧһ˲ģǰһ̽Ӧǹִϻһһǹֱ漴һǹһǹдȣһǹ࣬һǹֱӽ䱬ͷ


ʮ ǿˣ
ĵе˼ҪˣſǾĻ΢Ц˵
Ļ˷ӦӢˬӰý֣ǿսܣΪҪ£Ȼ뷨Ҳֹһ
ãһھҪ˺òãô˵Ҳҵˣôһúӣһ÷ôܷŴִѩѣһƵЦ
Ҫ˭ҲܣҪҫĿתĶƽϵϷ棬൱棬˵ĻҲͬޱȡ
һ˵һΣ𶯲ҪˣСһｫǳɴϣһţǾİɣܷƳһ۽ʼԵе㲻á
磬Լ˵Լһ˲֪ҲˣԼ˻ʲôǻʮ֧սӣûһ֧ھƣȻзȨʵκһ֧սӶĶƣ԰ҫֻҪԸǿģû˵ɣЦд˲ĸ֡
ã͵һӣʲôУСһ͸ְ̧ɣòãܷϵѩȡ£Ц˵λ½ƺźǿ磬Ҳ취˭أ
磬񶼾齨ôˣѵôǱˣӦֲ̧ŶԣָɣϷϵļսȫλսļҳ̶ȣͷҲ̧˵
оһ͹ˣͱϹˣ֪ĺ½սҪ齨ҲѾˣһǾ仰ʲôУСһҪˣܷſԽͲôˡ
磬󰡣ûĽϵƽǰһϷʾgame overͺʱһܲͷ
ôôҿ⼸ûнܷһЦ˵
˽ţ˴ŭĿӣͬʱһӣ˻ûǾҪһȫˡ
˵Ҳǵģ˵ҪҪģҲҪ˼ͬУǲͬ⣬ҪҲҪ˵ģϹͷҲصĵЦһڣܷϢģƵɫԼλãɼϹھУĸߵš
ǿλսʼԺϹ׾ûлعƹվشһŲԶľĻսзӦ֮սͿʼһ浽ˣ˵ҲԣӦ˵ҫѹ֮£С
ս֮ϣľٶ˲˵ע⣬ǿĽǹ֮£ǹƺŵķӦҲһǹͷմ㷴Ϲۣǹмңڱ˵ǹ£ǸŮˣûʲô̵ˣǹ֮˵ļ֤֮£ʼˡ
ֳֻۿλսˣɲЩֻ֪Ϲкõͨ񣬸ǾľӢӣȫսӵˣҲǧٹ֣ʲôĶС
ǳοЦݣҧгݵŭݣгӲĵͷԼӢܶӳĿתӣʣµĳЩ˴λսһ˭˭Ӯȥϵʽ
ؿս֮ϣȲһǹ䱬ӦԴظϣ˵ҫߣĺ֮£ĺɳǼС޵Ǳ
ʵжǿҫͼʶˣаȭãǿĺޱȣҫһ˶δõԴıȭ׻ȭȭ˫绢Ѹֵͣʵǿ
ȻһҫͬǱ⾡ǱʽãɴޱȣĽǾ缲ṦԶҫɲȰҫ١
ҫأԳƵ̹ˣǿֲޱȵʣͲֱӳ֣Ǻֱײ˰⻹ĽǾ˾ųɵ£Ļҫһ˾ܺɨֻɳսӡ
˼ʣҲǰΰ֮µİҫһ˵Ǻ޻޵صްѣл౻£аѣ౻ǿĵز
ǿǿϣĬǷҫɱǵļսֲһȭǰʿڵɳߵʿҲ߸׷ɣˤɢʮ֮࣬׵ʿֱɢΡ
ٱԼʿм䣬һԴļƣǴˣĺףΪԼʤͽȫκսӷĸǱǲмһˣΪƾԼ˵ʵȫȡġ
ⲻ֪ҪǷӦõõƾ似ǹ֮£Ŵ˶ԷһֲŵǸѱһ̬ȣѰҫ˵һ¡
ǺˣԼԴսҲôѿӮδ֪֮˰ҫ˵ҪӲͷƤӲ֮٣ҲҪʡ
ҲҪţú÷أûʲô˲ģֻçѣغãܶӳһӮ
ãǰɣʶʶҵ
ǧĵĻո£ҫǾ춯صһҫͷϬţƵֱȺ֮УÿһʿԱݺ׷ɣʱӰɣˤǶϽۡ
ҫ绢Ⱥ񣬾ɳʿĽΧģȴסҫĽŲҪס㶼ܣҫ׾ٵǧǰ
ҫһסԷĲӣ֮һָֻ߸̧Բ˾һӣѪӡĳǧϡ
˵ǺɳӮҪһ֣ҲӵĨڶ֣һų첻֪ǣԼ˵ϻ˶˵Ϲ˵õĺܣͺúǵ죬̽ôˣҫɭȻһЦǧаɭɭ˵
һư˶ˣֳĺɳսӵˣʵпĹڣʶһһЩ˸ʶһ˶԰ҫĺ벻棬岻ѡ
ҫ治ŮôƯŮ֣ȫ֪ϧʵǲ𰡣ڼ׿ڵ
Ҫ˵ĺãһɳСᣬƽһֺһµһӣҽеɼմմϲýѵһˣҿڵ
Ҫ˵ֱӳ֧սãӮҪ˿ȥĨڶ֣Ӯ˻ǿȥֻ֣ļһֱǶȫսӵڱһм˵
ɳ䶨ˣȫӦһ˴Ķ飬һ꣬ɣ治ִ֪ôĨģľӮˣҲᱻ˵ͷڶε˵
ɳսӵƷ治ôƺ˶ǵһӹǽƣͳĺɳ˵ҫӣʵ˸еʮֵĽ
ֻǣ⻹ֻǿʼѣ飬


ʮ ɳԪ˵׷
ҫǧۣһƸǳһʱֲ嶫Դˣ˫ۿŰҫ촽ɪɪ޾ŭӿͷָŰҫƿڴ쵰˵ĹȻҴң費ҪˣҪɱ㣬ɱ㡣
ǧЪ˹ţＫΪôԻݶǿģҫüͷһ壬ٴ̧ҿžž֮Ķ⣬ǧѪĭ֮࣬ɳ߰˸ѪݣӸ߸߹Ѫףԭһʱͷ
˵˯ôɱҪȫʬǧ۲֪Ŵٻ˿еԼҫһֵֻڰգʵڷãֻ⡣
һԵĴٻ˿һ飬ǻع񣬴ٻ˫ĿȻһֵ缲磬ֱ̰ҫϹҲ̴ֻ򲻳ɣֳɲֻǰҫһ˶ѡ
һӰһѹιٻļ򡣴ٻоԼһȻҵʹȪѪռĴԣشҺͣսȻˣҲʹãʵ졣
Ŵٻõնı۰򣬼ΪмĿһ۵׷ͣеĴٻϱ۶һߣŤͷ˿ΪͰ׵΢ЦڵǲҲҪְ
˿һ󾪴絽ʧɫȣ̧ȾΧȦȥʿΪԼסҫ˵׷
ʱʿѾǷҲʿԺΧ֮ƣɳʿɢԭڰҫϵľʮ֮࣬˫ͲһϣټͻȻϮһǴʮʿ
˵ѾǶһ£㲻ָӣԼⷽʿں£Ҳȫ˶Է
˿ӵͦ˵ʵڵ˵ҲԼĶص츳Ǿܣһڶգۼѹʮ׵ľ룬ԼҫħʱΪٶȣ̼䵴Ȼ޴档
˿һ쫷һʿǹɾ֮£è֮ò˶٣׷ױײɵգһƬˡ
ҫδӵ˿һգ֮˿ǰ̧ͬһƽ˿˻ȥʮ׵İգߵԭصڴٻǧ۵м䣬ҫ˼൱ԣӲҵġ
˸æϽǾ֮дŷŭܻҲʿܶӵ󲻶ϣɳһʿͣĵػΪһƬݣսȫһ浹
Ȼ˫ʿ趨϶һģһ˭ǿ˭ϵѹƻܹ𵽾Եãɳⷽʿͱһ룬Ȼڽڰˡ
㿴ҿ㣬ǰаҫ񣬺΢Цأ̹ǿֲļ֪֮ԼѾûӵĿˣֻܽϣԼܶӳӦϣȣֻԶҲȲˡ
Ļ治ҪȻ͵ϮǺɳսҿսӶУʲôս֮ƾıƵģͻˣУֱҪ˵ĻǧۣԴǵҲϬȻѪ׵ӣԭȥϣַߺ޵ɲʾĳŰҫµ
˵ǲɵôһΪӮ˵˵ǺɳҫԴڵѾھƵǧۣȻôŸеܲ⡣
꣡ߣɱǾӮôǵܶӳһϾɱһ䣬ܶӳһΪǱ𣬰һ飬ǾͳŰɣܶӳʰǸƿһӣͳͳҪͳͳҪ
ž
ǧ۳źԽ˵ԽԽ˵Խһʱһ˵֣ǰһҵƷݺݵϣҫ޳֣һ⽫ǧ۴ԭתȦͣ£͵ĿŰҫ
Ҿˣʱɱ㣬Ҫĥ㣡ҫ˵
ɱ⣬ΰӿǧۣǧۻëըһëȻĸоͷҫɭŵͣջظո˵ķǳ룬Ѿˣ²Ժ󣬰ҫΪһӵجΡ
ٻ˿Ҳܵ˰ҫޱȵɱ⣬Լûж죬ԹԵվһԲǰɷ治ǡ
ǧۣҫ̧ȥʱÿһɱͻһ֣ɱѾŨ·Ҫûһ㣬ִĸоһתܡ
žž
ǧ۸һתһǹѪɢǧ۵һ˫ϥǷֱ˸󶴣ԶŷӦʬ壬һ־ǹ׼ǧۣ΢Цͣ˫Ŀгһ죬
Ҷأһƿǰɣصǧǰͷ΢Ц
ȻЦǱȰҫҪɭٱǹɱޱȵɱ⣬ȰҫĿ־廹ҪǿϰٱֹǧѾ˵ɱŵ˵˺һ㶶ɸ嶼ʼʪǱŵʧˣ
ˣǵܶӳǰأһΪмƳһ۲ǧۣ漴֣֮һԿǵķӦ򣬶ǰ
˶һĲķӦֱңʶľҪںͶϵͳֹⳡλսֻ˸ո̧ͷǰһӰһһʹ·ʲô͸һ㷢һڴ
óֽǳŵĨĨϵѪգֽһǸı飬·ոյľٶֻһ΢Сһ㣬Űҫ˵㽻㶨ǽʲôû
ҫ˵ͷͬʱ̧ͷ죬֪սмصģԼһһжʵеĹڿ԰ҫ˫ֱȭͷ쿪˵λС뽫룬Ҫ¿ܻȽѪȣҲ֪ϲϹأɳ̰ڶԣӮҪĶоʵʲڶҲҪ˵ʲô˴ˣҫԼÿһ֣ʵİҫʹҲĸԸĨڷ̰Ӯ˶֮٣ҫԱƱԣҫʧˣ
ʱʵеĹһҫ˵ԴǣһİҲȷ˴ģʲôԱƱʲôдС뿪仰Ǻܲ⡣
ҫӲĳٻһ첲˶װҫΪʲôô˵ˣ˶ľٶ𺳵ĲУʵսĿڵĲԱҲȫˣǿԽսϵǿƵȴûôΪҫ˵֮һԪ׵رָ
Ԫָʮڣ׼սɳսӵˣΥϼָ۴
ûһ˸ľٶָͬͬʱڴ֮УΪ֮һҲָӹǡ
ԪָɳսӵӼԵõ֤ʵԪײȻŭʮڣڰҫս϶Ժɳսɵһ˺һɲ׷ͬʱǿλս֮󣬺ɳսӽսӵг
ȫȻϢʵй˵ģսӱ񶼳һγ֣ǰ޹˰ʵ˻Ȼ֮ʣսаҫҲܵϢɳսجΰʮӣʼˡ


ʮ Ѫ֢ħţ
PS:֮ǰµʧȫһд龭鲻㣬ٴαǸ
λԱע⣬λԱע⣬ɳսгԱȫսɳսгԱȫսս˳ܾʵģսʮӺرգвԱҪ뿪Լڵλãڽ뵹ʱʮšˡߡһʵսʼرգ
ҫ˫ۣŤŤ΢΢һЦҲͬʱͬһЦסҫֱۣǵΪҫʧأҫѾܹأ
ҫҡͷЦ˸㷢ڵҲ㲻ϰɣֻѾıԵѣǻڰ״̬ҳ׽룬ȻĻɻҪģ
֮ǰҫսУɳսӵŪ˹˹ֽ֫Ӳĳǧ۶ûŹּ˵ʹֱӽʹĻ˹ȥ
ٻ˿Ҳûбö٣һ˿ƫƫһ˲ȥҪּ˵ʹʵڱɱǻҪֲ
ڰҫǵĵĹǺҲǽˣѪȲκε֪ĺɳսӸд˱֣ܱȰҫݡ
֮ԵģҪԭΪҫ״̬ٴγ֣ǳ˫ĿǱͫĳȺ֮ɫһƬѪ֮ɫǹɲб˵ɱ¾֮ίʵޱȡ
ȻҫÿʶĽ״̬ʵ˲ϣֲֵңֻǿûǣֻײУͬҰһѪ̣°ҫʧɱ¾֮У޷
ɵҫɺ˫Ŀ΢΢һЦʱеĴʯȻأĳһ
˵ܰҫΣҲܰҫʵΣֻҫƽƽģƽƽľͺκһжĿ֮УҲûаҫİȫҪϣԼİ˳κһĲһ㶼ϣ
κΣҫʧص״̬ʵ޲ߣȻڱѹһʧ״̬µİҫкһʱץ׼ɲÿζץô׼ͺñȰҫʧغǿսһΣûļҫȻɵʱŵǺ
ֱһΣҫȻʧ״̬±ѣ˵ʵ֮ϲҲˣҲҪŪҫʧص״̬ô¡
кַħʧأӦһַǳѧΪʵķ֮ǰδģѩѱҲûصļء
ʼ뿪񶼵뷨ȥԼǸûȴ֪ΪĴߣԼĸĸĽݷ򸾣Ƕ˿ܻ֪һ飬뷨ոʧΣΪһĽʡ
ҫзѪ֢˴գʵ
磬֪ҫ֢״˫Ŀһɣǰץֱۣһ˷ܵʵ
ӣɿô۰΢Ц˵ⲻЦֱۡ
ʧˣ粻Ҫ֣֪԰ҫѪ֢֪٣һн֮мʶ֣һ񣬱任ͣеǣҲ˷ܡ
ӣ㲻ڿЦɣݷ𶼵òķѪ֢Ȼ˵ҪΣͷܹأҪѪ֢Ψһ취ǾǰڵѪŵһɶֻ֮һ֣ûеڶ֡
Ļ˰ҫνԼ״ԼҫҲǵһ˵ʧغԼȫޣʵԵڷѪ֢ȥͺһּƵġ
˿ҫı飬ƺ׶Է룬ЦʵѪ֢Ҳһֻּ˵һѪϱ죬֮治УĳЩڳһ̣һһĳһ֣츳һ֣ǿҲһ֡Ѫ֢ĳͣһѪϵĴС
ҫüͷ壬ڵҵĸĸֻǱԵһСׯͨ񣬲δϰ䣬ҲûʲôⱾ죬ѪϵĴӦò̫ܰɣ
˵ͷڵҲ˵ˣǻϣѪ֢շҲǴһģҲп㱾ʲôĹֻԹʲôĵرӶѪϵı죬ǸŴҲ˵
ҫΪȻĵ˵ͷܽ͵ͨˣĹôɱǹ˰ɣһֻΪɱ¾ڵļ󡣱絤ԺСΪʵĹеõģڵ̫ɽѰҽ֮ʱҫѾѪ֢
һѪУȫܣڰҫļУԼĸĸһͨͨĴѣһڰҫֻʱ򣬾Ѿжˣֱų
֮Ѫ֢շѣ˵һշɹôһ˫нˣѪ֢Яߵ漴Կأʱڵڶʱڵõϵı
ȻҲбף۾˻񣬱Ѫ֢ԴıŰɱ¾ʶӰ쵽־Ʋֻ֮ǶѣԼпܱһͷֻ֪ɱ¾ƻҰޣ鷳ģ
ڷѪ֢ϸԼķҾΪˡ֪Ҳֻô࣬Ǵʦģϸֻħŵĵħ֪֮ˣϸĽ͵
֮󣬰ҫͬʱü
üԭΪħ鼮Ͽ˵۰ݶһʵѩѱҲضãνǸƣ˱ռݶǧɣʵǿĿɲ
ħԴɾŴаħɵһ˲Żħ֮ƣÿһͳŵħ֮ɾŴаħʵǿһѡζͳ꣬Ρ
Ŵɵŵγְ֮ò빬֮λȴûʲô̫ߵȨҪΪħ֮ͳţͱҪһأҲħ֮һͨ쳹֮ܣŽ֮ʵԸĽݷ򸾣˾ͽ˲硣
ҫüԭǣ˵ħŵʱͻȻһˡçĹᱦ絤ʱķеһħŵһţѪѪΤࡣ
ҪԼķѪ֢ħſǷȥˣֻȥĻҪһս׼ˣΪ֮Уҫ͵ˣΥ
磬ͷǵȥħŲô֮󣬹ƻбҲͬзѪ֢ɣüʵ˵ʵڣܲȥħţûǲҪȥĻħ֮а䲻˵񣬵Ҳⷽصһ֮أȥףѰ
ҲҪܿƵ˷Ѫ֢еģʦ˵ħ֮ҲǷѪ֢Ļߣ׵Ŀס˷Ѫ֢֮ʱܱѵ״̬ʹ֮ĳ̶ȣصΪѪ֢һ׾ԣ뵽֣ҫķѪ֢Ͳó
ҫˣǵһ˫ۣ漴ǳĬԴһͣҡͷЦͬʱ˴˶ӣ֮еĻҲǳһ¡
Ƿȥˣ


ʮ ˹أ뷽Ӧ֮
ҫ˱߱ģ֮С
ʱڵˣϰٶ׼ҫˣҫɳڽ֮У˿ûве쳣
˳˵־뺧Ȼһҫʶĺ˰벽ҫײеַŵǲᡣ
ҲǵС̫ûսˣ֮ⷽʱҳ̶ȣҪҫȽϵĻôҫֶˡ
˵Ļھ˳νľӢνսӣֻеĻˣǹ硣
ʣˣҶ֮ĳӢսӣһǴžηͣҫľٶûиǴʲôʸУȻɳȷʵǳֶɴ˱ӦҲǱȻ
һ˵ҫ֣õĳһ죬Ҳһֶ֧֣αҫҪҲ˵׼οҫֶλԪģҫһɵģ˵ЦϹʲôӹ
οҫôĺŰһѺɳ֮еĳЩˣĳЩսӣǽúܣɳսȷʵܲģܴӮǴ䶼һ棬ȷǸò˽ͷö
νһּҳڵ죬˼ǧҫ˼ĿĽ㣬ӦʱȴһĿԼ١
ٻ˿˫ۣһҰף΢΢·ܵĳּ˵ľһ㣬ǧ۸ǲһţϥǶڵɪɪ
ͬʱģӦһʱ伫ݣֻһѣʱʱĸйϱʵϵͳιģԶ˵ֻһ˲䣬ʵϴٻ˹جΰʮӡ
Ҳ˷Ӧڴٻ˵Ŀֲһ֪־ŹȵɫʵɻĺܣӦսϵֳ¼֪֮ٻΪλбֵôˣǱҫǲ̵ֶθ˵
Ӧ˫ȭҪ߬ѪŭĿԲͷֱðؼҪԼҧ飬˼ը˷ΣԼ±ô̵ĶԴ˵ѾܳǴˣֱͷʺŶԣҪ¸ܡ
֮ǰļ¼÷ӦŭɶҪݺݵĽѵҫĻôɳսӱϢ˷·Կǣ
񶼳ǧˣսӵ齨Ҳнǧʷˣɳսǵһ֧սӣֱ˾Цսе۵㣬ɳѾֻΪ˵ȺţǺɳǧˡ
ӦΪɳܶӳȻɳӴʼ˵һѾǵʮܶӳĺɳҲǺ켫һʱ֮ս಻ضãȻԼгΪ˾
Ӧ˫ĿбˣаûڣзŭҪһеףǸ̵ĶħңǸ˾ǰҫӦ˫ĿһɭȻ԰ҫɱġ
ʱҫѱᡢ塢ŽܡϼСΧм䣬ţĶֺҶսӵ峤Ӳšࡢ̷ҲڴС
Ҷ˻˵ǲʶҫҶһӴҲǻΪѣҶƷԵҲӮȫϣ˵Ҳнڣ߲ҫ˵Ҳύ
ԭȶ߷߲ƽ࣬ʱҲϢģǹӦһǹͷԭǲ̬˲÷ҲӦ򽻹֣˲ʮǹԼ㱻Է䱬࣬
ȷӦǿôȻܹõأ̬ȿ˲٣һЩڿƶţŮĵ𾢣ĻȥţһŤͽˣҫЩίʵޱȡ
ҫ̸Цƽ׾ˣʱʱİɵ㶣Ҳ˻ЦֳյҲԽ
ҫ˺˵ЩԭھҫֶεǣҲǰάҫҲǧ֮⣬ԴеľеҲȥ٣տǰҡ
ڰҫһ£ȥҿɶףʱһɱķӦڰҫǰǹ˵׶ɱ⣬ƺҪҫ̻һ㡣
ҫ㵽ǵĺܰӦ֮ɫؽҧģʵ׶ޱȣڼ˴˵İҫ˵Ų˿
ӮˣȻҪףһ°üͷ֮ʱҫ˰֣һΪȻЦ
ףԣܾ˰ϵһɣӦ΢΢һ䣬һԾֱҫȥȭݺݺһХͺҫͷ­
ҫЦҡͷӦٶȵҲͦ죬Ƕڰҫ˵ʵڸû𣬰ҫֱ߸̧һǸѹݺݵĶڷӦؿϣһɾĶ嵽ڵأ⣬ᾢʮ㣬һƬк
Ӧֻоؿڷ·һ㣬ʹ̣ӦһֹǹеϣǹֹƻܸҫȻ£ȭŵĻʮһ𣬰ҫɵϰٻأ˫ʵһϡ
ҫŲڷӦؿϣһѹӦ˲о̣Ѫ˿˫ĿݺݵĶŰҫţԼУɱûаּˡ
ӦܶӳжӦôǵľٶ¥һ㣬ǽִֹܵģȶ֣˹ŶҫŽµķӦЦ˵
ҫһ̧ҲΪѷӦȻǶԷȳ֣ԼҲ̫һպҲһء
˭֪ҫкûņ̃ת֮ʣӦ𣬾Ȼγһ˹ǹ׼ҫıģӦǹĶ磬һЩ˶ûзӦ۳ⷽӦҪ°
ڰҫоɱԽ֮ʣոջӦѾ˰˹ǹһһϸɫӵֱҫüġ
ҫ˫Ŀһܲã̫࣬ܶÿǶ㿪˵Ļ˾ҪˣҲֻȥӲˡ
԰ҫһĿֲʣ㱻Ҳ䲻һѾ֮ǰս֤ʵģսһԼʵȣԾӵһǰҫҲ˿塣
һֳֻڰҫǰǴִָؽڣԵòԾҫ磬һһһץҫǰɫӵɵץУһѩỤ̃Ǻðҫüͷ΢塣
ģӦ췴¥׼˽㲻˹أǹˣ𣡡ܷǰķӦϵŴִѩѣɫҪѿжѿ˵
ôӽҵģһ춯ûУҳֿĲ˼飬Ҷûп壬ǿĹأҫ⿴һܷ뵽ߵʵʵľѡ
磬Ԫָˣ¥ֹ˽ӦΥǹеǶԷĹȻƣоΪӣˣ͵شЧȣŲ֪ʱܷߣֳҫûһ˲еĻһƬȻ
Ӧ򾪻ʧĵɴ˫ۣ֮ǰŭģǽеķһɶʱŵĻŵë𣬸뿪ڽ֮ʱһӰ
ɣ
һְֻסӦĺԣһֻסգ˫һһ죬ӦԴʾʮȽǣ۶ϣ̱أǰľĺȥ


ʮ ܾĶ֣Ӣʣ
Ӧˣĺܹ죬Ĵָӹ֮һĺǸֻ֪ϷϷլɵŤ˲ӣڳ˶еޱȡ
˾ԭҫһû֪ôֵģ·˾һ㣬˸еëȻ
ҷӦɲôϲ񣬱ʵǲһǹ֣ǽǹȻҲʲô˾ɱ˵ġ
ɿ֣ʵǱһֻѲȥ׾٣λָӹ٣ܷŶʵĻô˵ʵйֲģĪļ٣ȴ
ǿĺǿҶô׵ɱӦ򣬿ϣֱˮԷһףԻ֮׻жٰҫ̾Ϣ
ҫ͹κˣҲ߹Լǣ񶼵޷£Ȼôˣʵ̾Ϊֹ
ǣҫŪ񶼵ʽʲôʽܽЩ޷ͨˣôǿĵزԼҲôԼʵܹһ¥ǱȻġ
հҫǰλָӹʵг뻯һ׶εʵ׼ǳ񾳣뻯ƾ˵ļٿɿϾҪһ˵սٶֻһѡ
ܶӳҫ١٣ϲǳɹܾúŬǣܷһỤ̃ҫǰ΢ЦͬʱϸĲһ䣺ҫλս½ˣӦ
ҫͬʱһ㶣Ƕ֮ǰĹҲ֪ĴսǾڶıƣں½κһıڣзȨȴûйȨ
Ҳ˵ĴսӣֻҪɷˣκһжܣžԵȨ
ӳټʿļڵĶӹ棬һжսܶӳԼа䣬ûйȨҲǵĴսӳʱԪǩرȨޡ
ңָӹҪļĴսӵĳԱһͨĶʿҲҪԷĵͷУǿȣһֱ֣ӰָӹȨޣһְ
˵ĴսӣǾеģ˶ѳΪĴսӵһԱΪ
½ܷҫ׳֦֮⼫ԣҲҪҫͷУܷɲǿȶ˷ֺйڣΡ
ͬʱܷҪɹҫˣҪõ˵ͬ⣬ҪһأǾ
磡ȷʵأûİܷһۣǰ崺Ц٣Ҿ㻹ǱȽʺϿվֻҪͷҵרһְˡȨ޿Ǹ߹վսӵ׼صȼŶ
ûڻӦֱߵҫǰһ΢Ц˵ҫ٣ҵĺսӣҪ˲ţֻҪͬܶӳһְĪϣܿһ£
Ҳô˵ҲǵĳҸӣҪܷͷʮ͹еѩѱݺ飬һõĿ𣬶Ϊºôҫ
磬˵ģôѵõ˲ţҿɲأʹ粻ˣҲҪһˣò΢Ц˵ǲܷӣˡ
ŵĿĻͱȽֱ˵ˣֱܷһˣҲҫҪˣֻҪɿڣѰҫøңκҶܴӦ㣬㲻ãǾûʲô˵ˣǰɹӣƾ£
ҿƤǷᣬҲѻˣҫǷҪˣҪӷ㵽ףܷ˵棬ȫĭɣдµ
ܷɤŴ׵Ҳͬһ仰ҫǷҪˣʲôܻҶˣҪҷܣͬʾĵܷ
ôŪҲܣֻҪһˣ˫ۻֻ˵
ֲ£ҲҶ֣ΪȡҫܹԼһ˴Դսĭɽ˳࣬ŭĿԲֺá
ȡĶ󣬰ҫˣͷĺߣͬʱ˿Ҫ⣬Ͻⳡ־硣
λָӹ٣𣬰ҫٶжĸ٣Ƕ˵˽£ҲûȨʡ
ֻǣʱĲԣǻҪúսܾλָӹٴʱˣǴҪѹģҿλս֮ٸǶʱ䣬úõ濼һ£ٸλָӹһ𸴣Σ˵Ͼϣʱ˵뷨뷨Ҳõ˰ҫ˵ĳͬһĵͷ
㿴ҿ㣬ҲǣλսؼһսܾˣԼľٶҫ˴ҪǡҪǵǶ첻ʵ˳ȥǾˡ
˵˵ͷİοһ°ͬʱַǳľһ£˲Ҫ̫죬͸СЬ漴תȥ
ҫ˵ıӰ˴˶һۣһЦԼǴʲôʱʼΪЩȿֺҪĶˡ
λսǰʵȥӵģûʲôر𷢻ѽôλĴУͷѪģҪ¥Ų׼еĹأ˻Ϊ˰ҫֵİɣ
ҫΧȺҲǶ˺òȥһ𾪵е£ҫָӹͻھڴΪͷذţȻλָӹѹ˲Ҫ࣬ǴҲܴĺһ
ҫع֮󣬿ЦһҡҡͷʱȰλָӹٵ֮£һߣԼϵףɶԣǰȥòͣⳡλҫ־磬ʱĸһ䡣
ҫȥ֮ڴþĻ棬ҲָӹٵĶڣһֱûϹף΢ЦĿһеķͬʱеƽ廬ţֵǰҫλսеݣһм侫ϸĳг
ҫҫ˵ҪǼһ￴ţҵ׸ôأ鷳

磬һ֮սʽʼⳡλսĽҫ콫ҪԵն֣ҫ˱һ֮ʮֻսӳԱӴãǰĻУʼλս
սVSӢս
ֻƾãս±ȻʾףΪ˫ᱬһս֮ʱȴð˳ϵĹĿɿڴ
ҫᡢϼŽܡ峤Ӳŵ˶һ𾪵ĲУսܾĶֳˡ
Ӣս޵֮ˣڶʮӲʱڣѹսӣӢսӵܶӳʼնûг֣λսʤλٰȡġ


ʮ ݣս֮ҹ
ҫ磬˯ô
ſ˯£˯¥£еİҫüͷ΢壬˫һգգĿͶӰӢսӵս¼
ԴӰ쿴Ӣսսӵλս֮󣬰ҫͿʼĬϵ칦Ҳǲݲ£Ҳûж˵ʲôӢǿƥʵҫ˴СѹɶûҲɢˡ
ɶһɢҫڿ֮УһһεĿӢսӵǰλս¼ӰȥĿţֱҹɾ۾Ŀš
ţٿһᣬϢɣҫͷҲص˵
΢΢ҡͷһˮݸҫסҫֱۣԣϸҪԼ̫ѹˮڣ˳Ȼͺأ
ӢʵǿĹ֣Ǹսͨ緽Ӧ򣬵ǵսõļΪרԷĶ̴ʿŵľÿһλսѶԷƵģʵʵڲС
ӢʵܶӳǸĪĺܣĳλսûֳָֻ֣ȣҪ˵ʵǿֻǾʦһĽɫǴҶţҫ̾ϢһҡͷЦ
ʲôԲôգգۣ΢Цʵ
ʲôԲ߰һǿѾͷôôأӢʺǿģڻܺҶ֮ҵѹȸļ¸У֧ܺͻҪǿǸĽɫҫһдı飬ƲƲ죬ûûζ˵ҫĽСȣԵüΪĴݵ
ҫ磬̫ǿˣǹˣҪ뿪ģڵһĲҪôģͺλսһͺãӮҲûôҪǿŶȻһЦڵ
ҫ˼һ󣬵˵ͷп˵ĶԣȻ񶼵ڣҲͰ¶ѣĻգҿʼе㰲ˣ֪ˣĶˣѧĶˣͰԼأڻе£кܶ಻òȥ°
ҫ¶ôĺܶģ֮Ҫ֮ҲҪ΢΢Ķ񼲻ҪΣύڶֵܣҲҪһָСҶܰ˵ȥΣˣԼԼķѪ֢֮ҲҪõ
˵Ҳ٣Ҳְ֮ͦ࣬ݵķΧЩ׵һɶʱѣŶȻԼֻһͣҪ뿪ģ滹кܶòȥ£ڵȥɡ
񶼵һУͦģһжһлĻɴǾڴ˵ذɣأҫס磬ŤͷЦ
ģ׳ȥѣ˵񶼵Ĺûһȥúúüƻһ²У˸΢Ц˫չµͣһţҫͷ
ӣʲôأŰҫֱ񣬴͵ı飬΢ĵЦ
أҫʶѿڶ
磬ǰ͹̣Ƥʤѩü֮ŵ̬һ˫籦ʯ㾧͸΢죬̬֮һһһһЦİҫϢһϣͷһȻ
Ѿͷҡҫֵ׳꣬ȻΪϽ̬֮£˵ҫˣõɮδذѳֵסһ֣ҪԼȴֲ֪ôȥ˵鳡磬Ҫȴֲ֪ôȥֽ֮࣬Цͣ
ҫ磬ŶҵĵǧǣȻ⣬еǧѾҵѪںϣǽϵĻɱأ糺죬ָסҫ촽΢Ц˵
ǧǣˣ֮ǰչҲΪɣҫڵ˲Ϩһʵ
΢Цͷ΢ߵĿڵΪǧڣҵĹ뾳ŻᱩôѽȻϲأҲǹҿԳǧǵ֮ҵĹ뾳罫ﵽһ൱ɹ۵ĳ̶ȣǣʱﲻзµģ˭Ҷᱻɺеģҫ⣬ҪǸĻأ
ҫһ죬ɦɦףеѱѹ£е㲻̫˼Ťһԣ˭֪һڰҫ˵İɣҫ磬ģ¶ѣ
ҫֻˣӶ񱻹ˮ̹ƵģͨѪͷҪ˵ЩʲôֳǻҪֻ¥ϿĽЦͣ
ҫţ˿ͶӰйӢսӵս棬ҡҡͷرգҲٶ룬طЪϢȥˡ
ˣͺѾͷ˵ˮڣˣӢʣϣ¼Ӱôǿ򣬾Ͱ׷ôĵˣҫڴϣ뵽漴Ȼ˯
һҹ޻ҫ˸磬Сڶڰҫ⼸ĵ£СʵСĿѾﵽҫ߰˳ɵˮ׼ҫοѡ
ҫ磬ϵܾаôСľ׮֮󣬲˲ˮʵ
ʱľ׮ڳСĻ֮£Ѿﵽֺĳ̶ȣȻӺܳѾҫĳֻ޼
СˣڰҫְֵϸĽ̵֮£԰ҫ̬ȣҲȥǰӣмӣƽʱҲҫǰҫĽţ˵Ҳ˲١
ô˵أһֱڿӰ¼û֮ǰĲ˵ӦְɣϾĸӴʱкܴĲģҪôأ˵ʲô԰ɣҫڻص
ðɣӢʺǿвսӵʵܶӳصĺܣһֱɽ¶ˮ֧Ĵ£һֱ͵úܣû뵽һʵϲأҪСŶ
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦţһģˣȻȥúϢɣ˵ʵڵģ츳ǲżʱѾֿȭϻȥˣҲûʲôɽˡ⣬ҽȲ츳ͣӦҪһ£ѧȻɱˣԺҪˣ
õҫ޵ĳСһ죬һֱɫʣ˵ͷڵףҫϴʤ飬¹ھϼ
ϼҫ΢Цص
ųСнԶıӰԴְأ
ʲôưҫ磬ְѱ˵ĸȥˣǵģܰһСһߣĴܲҫߣ˫ֲ˵
ǰʲôûɰԩġ
죬ҫһֱڼûһţ˶ڤԼӵеļĽǹҫɱǣһдһ߻ཻĵã䲻˵һ죬öһʵķԾ˵״̬Ѿﵽ۷֮
ҹ񶼰ٲõʮʵģ֮УַǷھоӢȫᣬʮ֧սһɳѾĴָӹҲȫ룬лһЩĲԱĦ
ȫ⽻˾ԺߴѧԺԺʿ˼ɼλսܾͷʮ㣬һЩƽʱײβĴм׷¶档
սӳԱע⣬սӳԱע⣬ھʮŽλսܾʮʽʼսӳԱӢսӳԱ׼ڹ涨ʱûнʵģյսӳԱԶ̭
һӺϳڴ֮ڣҺλǰľĻʮӺǾս֮ҹĿʼ˭Ц󣬾ҪԼˡ


ʮ ·ĳ˼
ôʲô𣿡ҫܣʵ
ܾսһ޴ֳʽʩ͵С͵Ŀռؼ㣬ӵ˵Ҳһͬʣһƫ̻
ȻܾȻȫԱ룬ÿһֻսӸٵˣһˣһûвμӵĽܿٴιӣϰҫҲˡ
·Լһһ飬ܿһ飬ҫһ飬ڲǸΪסһ·ΣҪȥԮ΢Ц˵˰ҫ⣬˽ǵͷ
ҫüĲԸеܲ⣬ʵΪʲôҪֱŽһô
ҫ磬ĲԺܺأֿ·ͿֲͬսƣҾһֶֻӱôֻնԷľݵλãӶͻϮ
ǵľݵ㣬ֱܷǵʵӸٵĸʵ˵ԶǣһضңԼ֮һϵʿȥǵһֶֻӣôǵľݵͻúܱʣֻԳƶ
Ҳ˵ֶֻӶǶҲǵʵԻԷס󲿷ֱܱ¶ǵҪݵ㣬һٶãò԰
һһЦĵͷԿĽ;ϸţ뷨ҫҲȻĵͷܿض񣬱˴ƣķȻ𾴡
Ƕ벻ǣ˳ʵǿôǿķ׾ٵ͸ĲԣֱǼǻۡòʵһŮˣŮʵǿ󣬶̾Ϣһ׷ҫͶȥĽĿ⡣
߸ĸ֪СҲӯӯһЦͷά
òҲȻ۾С˵㣬죬ٵҲмζЦһֺĸоҲսеŮɱ֮һأ
ţǵģˣˣҫһŴǰĿ⾡ڵһ˵
˫̧𣬹µЦô֪һԣս˭֪ɾ°ɣɣ
ҫҪ˵һִֻӺ水סӣһߡ
ҫ˼һԹԵվһﲻֹ֪ʲô˵̫ʹҫۣ֮ɱͬҲǰҫĿǣԵġ
ûİ˰ҫһۣͬʱ˿Χʩͷ˼һ󣬶΢Ц磬ʮ˾㹻ˣ
ô٣ô΢ĵʵ
һŶĵ˵ͷŵҲεͷʮʿͬʱʣľʮʿãԼʮˣʣĽܿ˶ˣΪ˶ػ֣ԽʵȻԽǿ
ôʼɣ
˱·֮һռطΧĴ͹ɽ֮£Ӣսӵ˼ڴˣ˵ĴһӴݲȵˣ
ͷƤʰ˽ñҳۣ͸ߴȳƣͦͦոɫī˫һȣɢһֵʣһˣӢսӵܶӳ
ӣֳһԬӣ飬սĵͼϸķгֳʩȽ϶࣬Ҳײ䣬һЩĽܻĵľݵ㣬УҪӲƴ΢̽һ¾ˡ
Ԭ⣬أ÷ߣʱľݵ㣡ô־ս׼ɣﲻһ˿Ŀ˵Ϊ䡣
ܶӳҪ־սôȻǿͷҲ󣬱ΪĴս֮סǣǵս˸ðİҫҪСĶԴ⣬˱ֵĺƽӹǵܶӳԵò²ʵȥ޵ĺأһС׷ۣһͷ𷢣òͨĸ٣˵ԼʡӢսӸ֮һء
㲻ܾǰҸｻ֣һƣǶıƻܹ벻ģ㲻ģǽƫ棬䲻⣬Ǵⲻã֮ҪСģСǣôͲԶˡˣȥԵ°ɣ뾲һᣡ￪˵漴ߵһľʳǰ£˫Ŷȣͷ˼
ƣͬʱ˵ͷǶ֪ÿβμս֮ʱ˼һʱ˭ȥ˼ǲңòЩ˵ĺ󳾡
Ԭĸ٣ּߵĲ͹ݣ½¥ʱÿһϰﶼԲͬƷ𵽼ٵãȥҲǿŵĺܣӵʱѲӰ
棡
һ겻꣬ŤͷָָϷ겻һԣĵ˵ͷһѾѻǹߵĹɽּܵ£ԾǹɽߵȥӢսӸ֮һѻӢ棡
Ԭȥ֮󣬲һٿʼ÷㣬ԼЧλãһ·ʯһ㣬Ŷȵͷ˼š
ܾûи㽻أĿ겻㣬Ƿ£ֶֻܲһأȸ˵Ǹˣţᵽϸš
ʮӺԬ˫ȷɱֹٶȼΪݣﵽװľٶȣһǱٵ״̬£˵ĺܡո·ϣз˰ҫӰֱ˵ķ񱼶ȥ
Ԭһγ¥ǰֱ壬ڿҪԵʱǰһɻ͵̿ڵסȥ·ٶȸɲסţֻܸ̿ڵĻʯ̨ܽӴ
ԬһһԾ̿ȥ˫һ̿ϵʯ̨ԵȰ˲ղһֻɵèһ٣̿ڵʯ̨һԾ
˫Ÿһأֱһǰǳ¥ıԵһ˺ᵲǰԬʱ˫һˣͱ˫۽ǰ˫Ų֮ϣ˲䷢˲ıֱһöʮȽ漱ȥ
Ԭľ벻׵ʱļ٣ûʲôĻôֱӾͻᱻҸǶϽۣȻܿһЩʩҲһľ룬Сѣ
Ԭұһڣһεض̳¥ʯ֮ϣͻȻ£Ԭٿһ٣һء
԰ģѵҿˣԬ֮󣬿˿ܣһˣԵøž
ԬһͷˮΪԼ˵ʱһ΢ι½ǣΪӢսӵĸ֮һֱ֪ܵ޷½
ôҫԴ˫ۻʵ


ڰʮ һսֵ
Ԭ˫ĿһɣƺҫϢĳ֣һǴӺ󷽴Ҳ룬˳תȴȳ磬߳ţֱҫСֹǡȡ벱ֵҲ
ԬΪҫԼƳȥ֮ʱ˭֪ҫһԬԼϣӲĽŵİҫ˿̩ɽԷȾ˵ͬһ㣬˲ʹ
ģڸûֱһʺÿֲ¼ӰϲֱۣԲֱܸܵǸ
ԬкȻԼжأԼڰҫϣо͸߸ʯûֱ𣬸˺Էֺʼδġ
ʵйսӵλս¼ӰӢʵѾ˲ʮΣ̫콲һ£ÿһսҪ㣬Լҫ˵ص㣬˵Ǿϸţ˵İ˾Ųʮ
ǣӼ¼ӰϿܾðҫʺǿĹҲǿҲֻǴ۾ϿģܲʵʣһȥԣԶ۾ĻҪʵ
ٸ˵˴ܣһԿţ˵һһʽ㶼ܿ㻹һԵǼ䣬ôܣô㶼˵ͷͷǵ
ֱ˵κһǽ֣˵Էĵһ¶ӦֱӱKO
ΪվԼӽȥӾϣܴ¸ܶԷǿֱԣôҪķӦ뾭飬Լˣ˵ۼΪʵ˵ʵڵЩʱ侳Ϊʵ
ؿǰԬʦҫǿ˿ϵȽţ΢ЦٶȻԣֻ̫أӦô߲Ŷ԰
ҫһ£ĵԬȣһšǰ㣬βȣȷСȣһǸ߱ȣɨԬ
ԬķӦҲ˲̧۷ڰҫֱ۽ӴһɲǣԬоⲻǰҫȣһԼٶȷɳ۵Ŀǿײֱӽɨɳʮ׿⡣
ػףԬβŻֹס粿˺ôһƤ⣬ʹ裬ͣ۹ǹֻۣһŶѣԬˡ
ԬվʱûٵأҫǿֲȾоޱȣԼ֮ǰĽţҫȣȫͲһϣԷһëȲϣ˫ʵԨ֮Ԭ޷ƥС
УȫǶ֣Ҫ취룬ǣ˵ôأӵõôԬп̾Ԭ԰ҫʵһֱ۵ĸܣսУҫιĳƺţ治ǰ׽еġ
Ѿͷ˵ˣֻҪӢʽӴʲôˣֻһʿҪɱۣԣǸˣҫԬĿ⣬Ц
ҫŲһһҵһСƬ𣬵һΪĽӡҫ˻Ϊһ쫷磬ֱԬȥ
ҫ磬ɣȲɱõģ
ڰҫգ֮ԵԬǰ׵ľʱһɤҫĶУҫ˲ɲסš
Ԭеʱǹ죬Լ˫磬˫ȱһƬѪ֫ϵľʹУӭ԰֮ˣұбϣеǹǹðŵ
Ӣʵĵһսɰҫ죬ڰҫӢʵԬӢʵĴӪУҲǹɽϵһС͹ڣϸĿţʮʿƴӶɵֳĵͼ
ܶӳʮʿʮ֪٣ӦǱˣУԬҲûлؿڵ
ţˣĵλȷô˫壬ϵĵͼͷҲ̧ʵ
ʧʿλȷµλãǷΧ̫󲻺ȷƺֶˣʧʿֿͬĵص㣡ػص
ֶôţԪԴʮȥһط˭ټҪһʱȥ֧ԮԷȻŸң϶ʮȥЭǣסΣҪһǲҪսϻ￪˵
üееʣвȷǴ󣬵вСˣǰҫ
ؿɲԬ˼ݣ۲ǿڿսӵλս¼Ӱ֮԰ҫ˵ʵżߵԤУ˵֣Ʊǿ
ֻһˣôôǸ˶ԹƵģɲԼλܶӳеԸԲ˵ʵֵĺܡ
Ϊڸ˶Թµָӣųɾ϶ʧܣΪǺ˴ֻ֣עǰĶԹʧһЩҪĹؼ㣬ͨᵼһӴ̽䣬ֵͼ᷸ôҪǻ᷸Ͳһ·նɱܾˡ
Ÿʲôȥ￪˵
ܶӳȷҪôôʵǿǾ֣ټƣУֻҪӣһʱᣬҲò
һ׾ͻᱩ¶ǵľݵλãڻ֪ǷֶӼ·һݵλñ¶ֶֻӳƶֱסһˣֻʮˣºѳŵǻģ硣
ڲ΢ķԼĿʱժ۾һһ̵˫ɫͫףɢһޱȵĺ⣬ֱֱעŲص˫ۣǸزԾĴ˸һԵԪľѣҶ֡
ظ٣ִľޱ飬˵
ԪҴǹǿѹȸУ·һǧʯѹǵؿڣǴıԽԽ٣˲κ壬ͷֹ
Ҳ˵´۾εѹȸʧʧ٣˻һ΢֮亹ֱðһ̧ȥ
ȥ֮߶ţҪǷְ
Ԫ͹֮󣬽ƣ̾Ϣҡͷ˶ĲɻǴӸո̬ȿԿΧļƻԲɣ൱ƣͬǸˡ
˵ʧ侲ɣƫƫ˿ȥݲȣûʲôľٶƽ졣˵侲ɣǸ˶Թζּأʵ˰˼⡣
ǣôҲҪǶӢʵĸ٣ǾˣȻԼĳôǾͱҪȥִС
ǶҪԵǸĴս֮׵սܶӳΪʮ֧սǿˣǹƥʵսϣսӵˣһͷսоͿʼʶķ
ΧˣǶ˵һ˾Ҫȥ汳ȻսеʵвȥĸоʹķӦȴǸʵûʲô𣬶˫ѹϣֻӲͷƤӲϣָøԵķ֮󣬴жȥ
ʱλһ޴Ħ֮£ֻڳ֮ϣʿΧƣ˪ôԴĸҲԣôģλսж֣ûëɣ


ڰʮһ ս죡ҧסţ
䣡
һ죬ɽʯӵȥʿɳݺƷɣʯ߸ըһС͹ݱը֮ҪΪƽء
͹ݵܣǹ֯һ£ɫ߷·һ㣬شֳĴӰڶ֮ʱ˵£ΪʧһЩֱӱ޴ĹɢĦΪģԲһﷶΧڻΪս
һСʱǰسɹķټ֮ʱٻԪǰϹͬսԪǱǷĵĽܿضˡ
ԪԶ˽͵ϮκȣΥҲֻܷ͵Ϯ뷨˸ȥ벼ػϡ
ڲԪ֮󣬶˰нԼʿɢ԰ΧʽԼʿΧס˲꣬һаｻָʾȥ
㱨֮󣬵õǣ԰͵ϮķʽĿսͬʱȴǰȥǻϣһһٿԿ൱
յ֮Ҳǣ˵ӰôСĶΪ
϶ʮʿȥս֣˵ıܹʮˣӢʾųɵսֻʮΪֶΡ
˵ӢʵָӾݵ㣬Ϊ˵ܿߵƣǰҫˣ׾ٵ˺ӢָӾݵķ㣬ָίʵޱȣʵԲ͸
Ҳ˵սǿߵĳƺţʿʧ֮ʶԼһѱӢʵذΧһȥ
ضû뵽ǣûвȡսԭеһʩΪ壬Ȼ㲼Ļ沢ûг֣˶Բض˽ǿ
һض˾еֽţӦǾ仰ȫƣԼߵʿܹʮˣƲ֮ǰˣֻжʮˣ˫ǶһԼռϷ硣
ȻڶԷԼչǿʲô𣬻˵˫ʿһһ£ȥ֮һ˾ܻܲԪټǵʮҵʿ
λսȻֻһΪӦºĽսеһڲϰҲΪһ΢սսʲô⣬һŰֽϻСˣȻ㻮һϷ
սϵս˲Ϣ䣬˵һССľڵӰ쵽սֵʤľٶɱǾԴˡ
ڲԪˣȻȻĽ뷨ֵԴķ档ǺԴŭѡһּΪ޴սƽǿսӲӲ
ԪнԹԼְλͷϣȻһˣôҲһ֧սеĸ٣Բʲôӣ
ռ£гΪֱһֲ˷ƣûԹûл𣬲ԪҪһӭͷʹ֧鳹״УҲҪ֪ԼֵܶҲǳصġ
տʼʱ˫ĲֺԭһϾͼΪƣһѱضǿĻѹס˵ǽڽڰˣʮ˲ٵһ롣
ɾڲԪ־չ׷͹֮ʱⲻ֪ԼѾΪ׼壬˷֮ʱΪʱ
Ԫ˵ǷҴɣһʤУ˴ٶȼԼһðԼѹƴˣӶԷðȻ͹׷
޴ΪµȦ׿˳ʵУӶչ˼ҵķ¶˵ʿ˴룬˫Աʤƽʼб˵ӦһǾǽذܡ
ʵսӣ޷ҲǴ˸սǼװǿȻ󲻵аˣͲµԪ֮ģǿʹ򣬺òԤõ塣
µȫǾ͵ȡģʵģսĹʵһռؼֳֳȴͬⲻеֳ滮ǧǰʱֳ
ʩĿǲĴСͲ͹ݣԵĿƼˮƽĲ͹ݣڲþߺܹϣȻ
һǾܱըȻãһըֲĦΪĵܸҪʩض׷ϵĦַΧһﷶΧʱ˵»
ƣط˵ǴĲض˽ͷöʧأҲðȻ˷أֻǷֵһ㣬عʱΪʱս½߳ɲֹ
һ£ʣʿ˪ʿ
ʱԪһ򳡣ԶĦΪĵһΧ֮⣬Ҳˣ֮ǰһδĶأ˭֪װȻıըûˣըֱӳ֣ӹһ٣ʮʿӲˡ
棡ʣʮһˣʮĦ󱻱ը½֮Уʿص
ǰСƲãǻԸһأԴһأֱӾٲˣֻ֧ܰԮˣľѻСӣӦܹƣ̾Ϣһҡͷ̵ˣͬʱҲΪԼ֮ǰ޴ԴΪеЦֻϣΪʱδɣ
ˣж㣡
һ벼ضУǷ·𱻶סӳУͬĻʮͻʿʮѻʿ
һ浽Ƿͷʯôｻܹ˳ˡ
棬սеľѻ֣Զ̾ѻżߵˮ׼ھѻʵǹӦ׼֮࣬ԼΧ벻ĸսʮǿ
ν̣˵ʵӦòڷӦ֮²ŶԣڷӦǹ£ΪŵҲͬȱ㡣
ԶѻΪƲѻ֮󣬽սȴǼҲͱӢսеͨʿһ˿ѣ˵һһЩֽǱˡ
ҲǷӦܹѹסһͷԭ򣬱ϾӦǹԶܾѻ˵ȫ棬Ȼָߵȵġ
ȻǲзӦ汾ǹеϵʵܹŽǰ֮УֻҪԶ̻ж֣ôȻڽսĿܡ
˳ɹϣؽԼ˵뾭ϸ˵һ֮ٴ飬˶Բߡ
ΪԪΪֻҪγߵʿޱãΪ˾ʱӦȻҪס
սĻȣҲӦ֮ҫѾԬеõˣӢսӵָӾݵλãһ̽


ڰʮ һߵĦ֣թ
ǱߺˣĲȥæôҫָһ򣬿˵
ѽҫ磬Æѽ֮ǰֿ֧ķǸӦλãͣȫסӢʵǵĴӪ飬ǿԳأŪһ»ԲѵԬ漴һǹԬͷ
ҫͷһ΢յֹѾͷݽ״̬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҫ磬ʬǺأ˵ݵڣõĻʬŶǹǹף˵
ʲôãҫʵ
ʱȻأĪЦ
ҫһʱ⣬Ҳ벻Ȼֻܲ׷ļǲܴģȻսԼİѿҪսսϵĲԼϲϣҲֻȥš
Ҳ֪ʲôİţԬʬ壬ԼʮʿǷԸʲôȻӲקź治ѵİҫӢʵָӾݵȥ
ʱĦֵڣ˫ݱһļ룬˺ܴɫľѻСӣԶľɱõʿˣҪޱõĵز
µıըҲѾ߰˰ˣΪıըС˵ָԶѾٶԲ˹вԽĦֵ
ض˴ʣʿɹͻĦֵµʱ򣬳ڶǰ𵶣ݲȵ֧ĦֵǰǸеģûнǰض˵İΧ
ǰʿʰԲվںÿǹƣԼϿһ˰ڷһѵĴ˿˿ԵñȽϹ⣬ﵽԵñȽϡƽ
ܶӳѾȥԼ֣˫ĿֱȥһԴģǰԵúܹ죬ͬʱһֺܲӿͷ
ȥڿЦôƾˣаԶ̾ɱ棬ȡ᲻̫쿪һ㰡Ц֮Ϊţ·ʲôûʹһ㡣
飡飡飡
죬ڲصûһ˿֮£ǰˣȫȺİεضαˣ֮һ컯Ϊһʧ
ңҵԼƿôζʮ㰡ŽʣʿԵɵԪԶ俪ǹ棬üѡ
еǷΪ˶ˣҲûʲôʱȴԮҲȫܣ߶ֵôԮҪˡ
಻ų֮ôƾʲôܱݴ뵭ƾԼһɨƽˣƺе㲻̫ʵ
ʲôأҪɱôѽ΢Цİ˰ƣζʮ㡣
üͷһ壬˫Ŀһڣʮ˰ņ̀־䣬ŵɫӵӭֱȥ
һһͷ½ϣ˫Ϳסţһֻڻһ㣬֮ϣеӵȫգĵײײѡ
һһӵѸײڶ֮ƣֱŶȥһЦһֱ۷һԾպöľѻӵӵ䴩ּܣԶ
֮󣬽²Ṧα鶯֧Ħֵ֮䣬תŲ֮࣬ʿӵûһŻճ߶ܡ
Ҿ˵Ϊʲô޿֣Ƕˣǹģӵֶûã˫Ŀһɣҧ˵
ϰ֮ˣ˾ˣλǱܣ΢춯ᱻⲻǽеİַİСƷ΢ǹеһȣǰߺñó֮߾ͺƱڱ֮ˣ˵㲻Ѱ
ֹͣǹеʼս
شһڣǹеãȻ˷ʱ䣬Ϊս¶Զһɱ
ڲһֹ֮ͣɫ̹һš̹׿ӽ׵ĳ̹ǵַĽ棬ǰȺһЦ
Ծģأ˳룬죬ȫʮ⣡׼пЦʱͷֹͻȻʶԼԼص˷һܴĴҲҪĴڶп
忿ŵ棬ѾǧٿףǹʤҲͬˣ֮ǰƶΧЩеģǵ׵ѾʼеɶҡͬʱĦҲʼ΢ĻζҲг˵ԭ
˫Ŀ΢΢𣬶ĺɻ󣬵֪Ը㽹飬Բʲô£ǣϵĿڵ˳ˣ
䣬гʿŲһٺ󳷣뻮һʿ趨ԾԷϼΪκεĳͣ١
ȴ΢ЦͣΪֱ˳ʮ֮ʱ΢ЦӢʵľѻǰɣл㾫׼жϣ
һĦֵ˺ѵ쳣̶˵һĻˣ޴Ħ֣Ȼصĵˡ
һĻŲˣֻһžͽߵĦ֣߷ڵأһֻҧһͷ󣬻ҪţͲܴﵽ
̶ȡ
ͷѹµĽּܣԼһХԲβң׹£˵ʱʱ죬Ȼһ죬Ħصѹ˵֮ϣԲڵһжݺѹƽ߸𣬷·һȥ漫产ˡ
ģϹָӣǵʱľ룬ֻķ϶ʧԲô󣡡Ԫߺ޵˵֮ǰָӺŭ
ԪʵǺãĦֵ֮ʱպôӷ϶дֻǻһ˶ѣʿûôõˣͨͨѶٻֻ̾Ϣֹ
ˣң浱ʱҲʶĽжϣҪֻܹԼȻöȻ˵ʤܶӳһˣս֮Ķ飬սǿߵĳƺţֹթ̶ȣҲֻ˵ʰ·ˣ
ҡͷЦһδսԼǳ׵׵ʧˣȻԼɴ΢ƣ㣬˫ͬԼսԼͱˡ
ڲսⷽ棬ظоԼȫǶ֣˦·ֹԷⷽϵĹթ̶ȣؾη壬޷ƥУ˵Ѿʼеˡ
ʱһܼȲߣԪɹȡϵ֮󣬺Ҳǰѵһ˵ǸɼҲΪԼһʱʧжϣ֧鱻жеΡ
˻లο˼䣬ͬʱܾ񣬼ʹԼһѾ˼͵ĵزĵҪɣս򣬽ִеס
Ԫ˸֮ͨ󣬿ʼСѰ٣ⲻ֪˾ǽĦֵķ϶֮Уһ΢ЦĿŶ˴Լͷ߹
ǻѹǣӢսӵľӢأҪԶֲѽ


ڰʮ ֮ģ벻Ӧôڵ
ʵУ˽ĿתĿžĻϣĻ֮ӢʵĴսУҫ˵ıֵҲûʲôرչ֣ûӭ̫˵ע⡣
ڳ˴󲿷Ѿ԰ҫ˵ʵһ˽⣬Ȼʵ˵Ƕ⣬ԬСС֣˵ҲֵþȣΪѾϰ
֮ƣֳ˵ľ̾յðУսԣ˱̾Ŀȥ
һŵŷĦֵľٶһЩպˮˣûӱǿȻ˵һţ˲ˡ
ʵǰֹսܶӳְ֮󣬱Կʼھû˿ڲ°ӣսӣҲǶѹҲ硣
ĹΪĴս֮ףսһ֧飬ȻӶ쵼˵⣬û˿ǰٰѡ
ΪᱻѹȵԶλʱ˭֪ԵĲһֽ֧ϻһͷʱܽǰƤǵ׶ͻвڲڵսƣ˿壬Ӧԡ
Դܶӳְ֮һ꣬սУ˵һ꣬ڲֶν٣жʿӳ٣óϷҲӡ
ڵս˵߲ܣսӣһ֮ڣͨսܶʮ֧սӣֻһӢսӴƽֻ֣˫бԣδ˵֪Ҳǵʱµƽճ
սΪˣʵսţﵽսܵеĵزԺϣԲٵõκ˵ķ飬ʶҲǵϣϧ֮⡣
ԭˣӢʳ֮ʱΧĦֵƶöԷӵƻĸּܱ棬ʹƻ̶£κһȵײ£ʹĦֵ£ѵõ˲ţ
ǰյ룬սȻըзֽöԷĹĦֵ̮伫пõתɶԼõǾ˲żüð
˵һߣͷİ߰׷ɫֱͷɫƲϣȴ棬˫ĿӿɷӣȫܲͨߵĴĺϢ
񶼰ȫ־ֳ˵ڶಿʵȨ֮ˣλȨأԺգͬʱҲսᣬԼ⹫Զ졣
Ϲˣõóֵ˲Ҳ࣬ϼЦǣϹǫĻص
ô˵ôò֣ҲǲҪãǿȥֱû֮һ֣Ҫ޲ǡԶ̧ɿݵƣ˰ڣԴһֺɸֵڻصλսϣֹڰǿĳɼʵܲ⣬ǺܸȤģ
ˣսеıֵҲκһǶʮֻս˱¾ɽڣһЩ˵ǱȽϲӦһЩƾʧҲпԭ˵񶼵һĵҲǵĳ¾š
¾һԸԶǰǹмӣƣɼԶڵԲС
СŰЩС˵㵹һֱû䡣˵Ҳ˵£ЩϹͷҲֻһ˵˵лָָķֿԶ뿪ЦЦɼȻҲϣϳɳصĶԸ񣬿˵һؿ㣬дҷ緶ĺˡ
Զһﻰ£ΧһЩȥҲ΢Цͷ˿ڹά֮ǰԶһָ̧Ļ΢Ц˵ʵɣһСͷȤĻСޣǿ֮İ
ԶָȥĻϵһһŮ¾šܷ˽¶Ͽɵı飬ʣµҴһ˿ãȻ֮⡣
ǾҪϸˣܵõôߵĵв֮˵⽻ĲҲĶͷ˾һ̴ˡ
е㱾£еǿŮǹеΪ׼ֵùע񶼵κϵЦ
˫ᣬǹôҲܾûм˫Ĺˣ˼ѧԺһԺʿ˫ĿĶĻ
˵ȫھĻ֮ϣһһŮûбˣǰҫˣʱǶѾ൱ӽֳĹɽ
ѾͷۻôոǱߵĦֺˣҫָԶһɻ˵
Ǹ򰡣ķ򣬴Ļ漤أ̶ֳȵսӦǶһסˣӢеĸ٣˾޽ǵĳڻص
ܿóҫʵ
սķΧ뼤ҳ̶ȿԿģӢһٵĻô˵ֻСһսʱӦòᳬʮӣ춯Ҳô󡣡
Ħֶ̮ĳ̶ȣֻ˵ӢǱ߼ʵҪ磬Ҵ֮ǰıըĦֵĵһСʱңʱսļҳ̶ӢǾ񾡳ˣĻǱߵսͽˣ
˵Լ뷨ҫҲĵ˵ͷһּ˷ܣֿϧĿ⿴ԶĦֵصķ򣬵֮ԼеĺսԸҲʼ΢
ҫ磬콿Ц
ðɣˣѾͷǸûôսӦôڵã᷸ɣҫ΢΢һЦʵ
ѾͨȨϿˣģԭͣʹãûбƣÿսʵһ£ûʲôطҪĽģ΢ЦصͬʱóһöһһһֵָĶ̹С
ҫϸĶһеĴɫ̹ĻеƼԼĻں϶ɵ֮ǰѾҫչʾԭҫΪ似ÿʵһ¡
ǰҫôμ棬ӢʵܶӳǺþأ
ڰҫ˽̸֮ʣһƮƮĻﴫ˵ĶУҫҲ룬ץסߵһųΣ׾ٵĳڵĽּܣųζķ
ΰٷ֮ʮľʽṹΨĸ֧ǽ죬ڰҫľ֮£ӵĽ֧ŵˮʯ鱻֮һڵһֱȥ
ڰҫĲԶһ򻨾ݵһ㽨¥Եӭ汩ĳΣԵõݣûаֵĻҸС
ֻһľʳΣûһ˿һˣ˲ųֱ£Ҷһ㣬Ϊɵĵ棬ǷǳȻڳ֮ϣŶȣ΢ЦĿŰҫˡ
Ȼʲôʡ͵ĵư


ڰʮ ƽôʵ
Ǿľٶҫüеп֣пŵݶĿ˿ѷɫ٣Ǹǿ
˵ʵڵģı£ְֻһ٣еˣһ˿΢ЦĿ˵ĺñ֮ҲЦ¿Ҫʧɫһˡ
ڿңҫЦص
ûȷڿ㣬ѳεʲô˶ģ˷̫΢Цص
ܶӳˣǧҫԶأҫ΢Цص
ڰҫ֮ǰӢսӽսļ¼Уûгһ֣ǣҫɲὫΪ޸֮ľʦ˲ţ֮ǰһ㣬Ǹϻһˡ
ոһɾ΢Ǹеĸ֣жߣҪֲ֪
пԿڵսʮ㣬ΪʲôֱӶ֣ҪĵǵܶӳĻôҿԷȰ㣬ɲ˷ʱ䣡ŵ΢Цҫֱü·һжѾ֮һ㣬ܲ
ȷҫ̽ʵһֺѲ͸ĸо˵ĻҫѴ⡣
ǳȷִ˸ָͷӰ׹󣬰ҫһǽܿض˵ʬ塣
ҫĿŶ˵ʬ壬˵Ѫ˫۵ɵļرٿһ󶴣һɱǰǷݾģ·Ƕǰʲô˼Ļһ㡣
౻ӲĴ͸飬һɱ˿ڵĴСӦͽɵģҲųʲôֱӽ봩͸ʵʾҫһʬ壬뵽
ڽܿصʬزãʮʿֳָ˹ͻǹһֳţվڷԵӸ£ǹһ¶׼ҫˡ
ҫ̧ͷһۣ˷ۣ˵Ѿͷˣ
ٲȻһЦ˵ͷ˫ְǹһɨǹƬ˫ֺˣһ㣬תתһ˫ǹǹףЦеĿ·ʵʲô΢顣
ǹǹǹףֻһ֮ɣʮʿȫͷһ⣬ǰǹٶȣǿǹľ׼ȣֻ޿ݣ𵱳ԷӦʱǹǹÿζܸ˴޵ĸо
ǹӦǹûôأ٣߹ƣһ߿ЦԵôݲȡ
ŻѽίЦ
˵ûǹƺţܸʱ򣬾Ѿ鵽ͷˣһˣھʣˣԹƽһսˣаЦ
ƽôҿɲôã
ҫٶȱĻ죬һֱȥٶȿգ۶ϲϣһȭ˳ƺȭ׶ȭ쫷һݺݹȥӶݺݵĺȥ
ܲһȭﻰһ䣬ҪȭҫԺ䣬һԴһƫһӵĶ
Ҳǹô˫Ŀһ뵽ܹܿԼĿǹֻй˵λԼǹǸҫ۶ԷûǹԼĿĶѾﵽ
ֽսĲãȻö˵ʶƫͷӵԭһȭ򲻳ֻʱ̧ŵҫıһȭȭŶײ
һ죬ľ˺ѵµľʳΣܲסҫǿֲȭ˺ѳأﱾھ£ҫݺݺˣֳֶһ֮Զ
θո֮ͣʱһƬǹӭʮӵÿһŶϵһҪȥǹֺֿݣ߸ԾΣ˫ǰƽ٣еһ˫ǹɢ⵭ǹֿ׼Ӣˬ̬ʵеĳЩǣһء
Ҫϣҫ֮伸Ѿﵽ˲ֱӿһһͨĵزӵոҫѾٴδڶ
ؿޱ˵ã붯̬ӾǿĲ˼飬ֶһ裬εƫתһӵûл塣
ֻǣⲻǰҫһһһĽսǰҫĬµǿǹ꣬Ҫܽӵ°ҫȭŲС
˵ʱʱ죬һأҫӰѾǰ߸պýӵֵܵҫȭֱԷŶȥһƫҫһȭػûдʵ
ҫüͷһ壬һȭо쳣鸡ȭͷǴ壬ȭȴԷֵĶƫתж߳ϣɱ޵ĺܣıϿԿȫʹ
ɭȻһЦֿץסҫֶһҫǰȺصŰҫθһֱӽҫ˵ŷ˳ȥ
ûԴԺ󣬰ҫƾǿֲĽǾǿƥʣ˺ɣǱαҲɱƤ⣬һǣҲһѣɵĸо
ҫöڵһ㱻ŷɣٿ֮ʱθˣ뼡ʹѵ˳ʮ֮Զ΢΢һ㶣ǵһμ˽ҫ߷ɣһ˲ûлع漴˫̧ǹŭ
ʰһˣ
΢΢һЦŲһȥһԵ˫ֽͣǹ֯ӵһŴ
ﵥһ̧ǰ̤͵һȾֲ֮ȫҫŽӴһ˲䣬ԭĴʯͺըһ㣬ʯ̳Ȼǿҵľ罫ǹ忪һ֣жһӶ֮ʱһɶһʱصܲ͸磬Ҳ˲衣
ʰûôʰ
һٿն䣬̧ͷһͷϷеİҫȭ׺ݺȭ٣μѸͣܣֻ̧۷
ڰҫȭֱ۽Ӵһ˫䣬ҫһšһǰһѹȣηĿ񱩾ֱӽɣҲǱ֮ǰһ
ķʽȻ˲γһѹۣɼαӣҫеĻҪǿ֮ͣʱǶʮ׿⣬˵ıȰҫԶֱϵľʹüͣȻûе۵ĵزҲǳӽˣж԰ҫʵһµۡ
ҫ磬ʡһ۰ҫ˵ֻĻû˵꣬ѱҫӹţҲ࣬ǿ˼ģɱɱ˼ӦҲѧһףΪǿĹؼ
ʵһֱɽ¶ˮҿȵľǽֵһ̣źܻıĿĿֻܲΪӮܾѣһĿ˵
ʲôĿģֻɱҵĻʵģսʵǲģѵʲôĿģҫ˫ĿĶﲻţʵ
ֻһƶϣʲôɸ˵ĿģӦûֲŶԡڻص
ʱԶͷ̾Ϣһ뵽ô˵۾ǰӦòᱻְɣˣʲôҲοʵпţӦòҳµģ


ڰʮ 붷ɣ
ʣĸ֣򿪷һ⣬һķ֧൱ڹķֱ򿪷ôʵǿˡ
񶼵ǿܹΪ׶ε֣˼ٽ~ǧ˼ǧ~˼~ʮ˼ʮ~˼~ǧ˼ơ
ҫڻûYT002͵ʱڳ˼ʣǧɸ߿׹ضʿֲڴ֮ѹƵ˿˼ĳ̶ȣ֮ǰһſԿҲп˼ʵʵֻƽﲻ¶ˡ
ʵǿʵֻܾٽýλֻһֶʵȼĻʽѡ
ʵȼۺ˼ĵԣƤļͣܶȣĤԣʵĵȼڱһеۺϳǿʣܾٽֻһѡ
ӹ˼ʼֻһͨķͨĽǿԴﵽ˼۷壬˼۷壬˼壬Ҳ˵ļ޶ѣʵֻǿͨһЩѣӵǹеɿԶ˺
Ҫ˼ͲֻǽܴﵽģڶͬʱҪһǱҺиʹãʱĸǿѵԼҺ˫£ɾͿ˼ʵĳɹʻǺܸߵġ
ﵽ˼ʵʱѰĶͨǹеӵֻҪǹ۶ڱϣ޷ƿƤҲƤ˶ѣ̧һδװĿȿԽҵĭ顣
˼ͨĶ취ǼǱҺͬʱʹãδܹﵽĽ׶Σ֮⣬Ҫⲿļ˴̼ʾӸ߲£ɹʴԼ֮һҡ
˵˼׶ǰ׶ȣѾһˮĴڣ൱౾һ˼ʵˣѾﵽǹеĳ̶ȣǹ㣬Ҳֻ˶ѣǸ˹ϵӲ䣬Ҳܹס
˼ʣڴﵽ˼֮Ҫͨҩﵽҩ񶼿ѧԺڻҩϵ߿ƼѧԺЩԺʿҩһȽ֣٣һ٣Ҫﵽ˼ͱҪעҩɹǧ֮һһʧֱ
˼ʣѾˣ˼ǳļޣ屾ĻѾ˱ϽϻΣҪļͳ̶Ѿ޷ݡ
ðҫӣûб£ǧɸ߿׹ֻˣ˹ϵǹеأ޷ֺʹУҲֻǽ֮䣬Ҫˣֻ񶼻еĳۺϼˣͨҲֻпƤֶѡ
˼ʣѾӽ޵еĽ׶Σô˼أĿƼֶ޷ﵽƵٶͻҩҲδܹ˴ﵽʣҩڰƷ׶Ρ
ͨѧԺȨпѧְƵƲҪﵽ˼ʣҪ򿪷ﵽٷ֮ʮϵĳ̶ȣ֪˼ӵߣָӹ١
̶ȣ˼ָӹٵĵһˣһȭһ߰׵ɽ壬ɷĩһеս̹ˣһ㣬һ󶪳˴㡣
˼ʣҪ˵ΨһܹﵽֻĪ񶼴ʼˣϹŽĵǩߣΰԪ״ˡ
̶ȣ޿ɿ񶼵쵼ԪףΪֹûг֣еս˶ǽԼָӹȥɣΨһγ֣Ǿһ֮ⷽռ䡣
˵У񶼵쵼ԪףʵѴﵽһֲ˼ĵزֹʴﵽ˼򿪷Ǵﵽİٷ֮ٵĳ̶ȣҪԱȵĻ²ڽƷɵĳ̶ȣҲǹе龳硣
ԹĿ˼ʻҫȲСҫ뽭ǿĸҲûٽ֣οͬȼˣȣֻһ˲¶ѣȻ١
Ȼͬǿ˼ʣǣ㵥Ҳδʤңο֣Ӯûпȥô󣡡ҫ˵
ţοһأĴɫ̹Ϊŵ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦǰһϵĽԲݻʲôҲʲôǹеһеֻһ˫ͨĴɫƤס
ｫȶһԣϴɫףҲ֪ΪΣĿ˫һۣ֮з·¶ʲôƵģ̧ͷҫʱ쳣Ϭ
˶һۣͬʱһ˴˳ȥ˫ֽ˫ǹʱ׼ҫʱսһһ
ڵսҲǼΪʵʲôʤ֮䲻˵һֻΪյʤΪĿģ̲ûôҪ
еףȻ֮ڣȻҪϰսҫҲʲôظ֮ˣֲʲôԽܵ顣
顱һһĺĳӱûĳ𣬰ҫȭͬʱԺ䣬ҫɽС˰벽Ȼǿ˼ʣϣﻹҪѷһ
ҫȻͬǿ˼ʣͬʵȼҲ˵ͻᶷ൱˼̶~ʮôһ̶ǿ˼ʮ̶Ҳǿ˼˫Ტô
Ȼܣ֮е࣬ɴ޷νǿ־Ѿǿûˣٶǿ֣Զ϶Էٶȣǿ֣ԶʹԷԷһȭܽſ£ʮһǿϼ֣Ͳһȼϵģ֮
ͨ˫һȭĶԺ䣬ҫѾһʶᣬԷӦڿ˼ʵжΣ֮䣬һҫʤȯգﻹʲôУ˵˫ƽƽס
ϱȲңôѹ֮ɣҫͷһת˫ȭǹһȭټ죬˫۷·Ϊʮֱһ㣬˦
ҫƴһȭ֪֮ͬԼϵĲ㣬Ӳ֮ǰжɣٴʩչ˫ֺƺһ㣬תһʱصܲ͸磬
жַҪôǺǣҲģҫͷЦ
ҫһȭļ򣬺߼һ࣬ҫȭжҫ˫ĿһһšηĿֱֲӽѹʧΣȭͷ仯צһ˺ֱϻצۡ
ͻı仯ʹ˲㵣ֱϵʹĶһ˿ͣ٣԰ҫͻȻԵеֲ
Ǿ仰ֹз۵糸ݲðģһıԷץסƱ·磬ҫץ׼һ˲ȫܵ£սİҫսʱֱҰһѱץס
ҫһצ˺ֱۣ˿ȻҲгЧ㵵һ˲䣬οӰһͣצһɨ˺Ĵȣͬʱ˵һתצ˳ƴ䣬ץۣ漴˦ޣͳ֮ϡ
ҫ򣬳ˮΪ˳ɱǵƪ˵ڻͨʩչޱȣǳʮɱֲһֱ֮ӽ߷ײ򻨾ݵǽڣС
ҫüͷ΢壬Լһжأ֮ǰצжǿԼ߷֮󣬺Ϊλһ΢Цı顣


ڰʮ Σ
~~~~~
ᴭһҡڲͣѪۣ·ٹһ㣬ȥΪڣǻͷģ֮ؤ磬žѻǹǿĳס壬ǰһ΢ЦߵŲԪʬ塣
ٸŷ翹ˣ㲻ҵĶ֣΢Ц˵ʵ˵ֻҪսսӲֻսӶ⣬͸ӢʵˣֱСһ
򣬱Ҫɣ漴ˣɲص
ʲôֻ֪ҪνΪ֮Ϊ޴Ӣһصܾ䶨ˣǽʵĺãҡҡͷ΢Ц˵
Ҳ֪ʲôʵʵֻ֪ܶӳɱ㣬ô֮ǰҪܶӳ񣡡˵
ˣҲҪһôοҪɱңƾڵƣõôһ΢ЦԵ棬񺮹磬ص
ͿԣһöɫӵаЦ
ﶼˣɢһ˵ɱ⣬һֱȥٶȿ缲磬Ӱ˫жʮףҲһ֮Ծ
ۿĴܶķӦҲһѻڶ̬ӽϣҪѰ˷ϲ٣θն֮ʱһö˲Ͷأþ̵ٺ󳷡
ǰڣٶ˵ֹҲ֪ΪΣƽɢ֮ʱĺһ˲Ĳ֮С
ԣⲻͨĶغͣ˫ü΢壬̱񣬳ԴԷ͵Ϯ֮⣬ͬʱеһ˿ɻ벻⡣
еֻһǾϵЯ࣬񳬹սƱ׼˵ŴǿҶ
֮ǰҲ˵ʵλսΪ˴ﵽĹƽȫߺţ߹ϵ֮鷢ԪװзԸû˸̫ͷ϶ôսϵҲͬһ㡣
ÿԱܶӳǸ٣ÿ˵ı׼öһһϵͳͨ˵Ҫɣֻܽǹеһ֮࣬ǹһУûһķΧԹ
ôģսϵͳܸݻʵսϵͳֽţ˵ҲԣֽŵĲ棬Ŷԡ
λսҲֹ״μӵĶ鲻ϵͳһʱ䵯սΪʱָӹٷ֣֧вԱọ̡̈̄ʵС
װֶαսΪܣⲻֻô򵥵飬ֻȻûбֻͷڱ˳ЦӵжȹʵҲһֱϲȥ
Ҳ֮ǰյϢ˵ﴮʮָӹٵһλĳƳ򣬼Ȩ޵ƿʵģսϵͳ趨ϵͳһ̶ϵĸı䡣
˵ˣ˵⣬˵Ҳˣû˵񶼵ĿƼˮ׼²֣ܲȻʱ˿̿޸ĺϵͳûбֳ𴩣ֽס𣬳Ҫֻ֣Ҫ֣Ӣˡ
Ǳôһ̧ͷա
ʵУ˶ûзսϵ쳣ھĻĲ£ֳûֻͣԵ޹ʵĿգٶЩüǡ
ȷֵܷ¾šԶ졢ԼѧԺԺʿǴǵӽϲûпʲô쳣ʵģϵͳҲУǹľٶ⣬ȫʲôߣһʱҲûʲôĻ
̧ͷ죬ͻȻ˫Ŀһ͹һöɫӵŨضֱ䴩ࡣ
ӵϢȫûһ춯Ʒǹû𣬾ͺһöʸһ㣬֮λȻ޷׽
£ֳŵأյѪڴڵӿؿڳһȭͷСѪһǹķ䱩֮˵ֻʱ顣
ģ˵ݣҲõ⣬ҳɱҫƻĺôƣһ߿Ѫһ
߳žѻǹŰڵصһĮĿ˵֪Ӯе㲻ʣǣֻԣܶӳǸˣ
Ǹ׳գҪԼߵȥһû취ȻԼ߳Ϊ˾û˺ôɵ氡
浹һ౻Լһǹ֪֮£вԼǿԵģǳ޴Сһأһء
˫һţþȫλΪһӰһţǰʮף߸ӦӰôƾյǰʧˣһǰ
۸߸ֳ̧ɵͣؿںݺն䣬ֱ󸹣һɼǣĿĵ˺ۣеľѻǹ౻նΣѪ
һּΪ˼ǰ֮ľʹĴ̼ĴԣҪʹгȴҲ
ֵն֮󣬻һתֵ˳ƺնĲһѪдһͷ­
ҫֻܿˣøھôҲͷʬ嵽ףյѪɲͣ𵱳ĳŵǲУôģҲźˡ
ҡҡͷ΢Цı˫ۡ
ӢսӵĳԱֻʣ£ǵܶӳһˣʱ΢ЦĿǰİҫ
ҫһŽ߷ɽ򻨾ݺһ֮󣬶ʹ˸ɫ߱ʾףݵ¥ϥĿֹˮȫĵͶ뵽λ֮С
ϾǶ˻֪ǱߵΣʲô춯ҪԮ֣ñ˰͵ϮСʧ
һҫǷǵøﵥˣͬʱЩҫҲҪŪ˵ӪһΪӰʵҪҫֻеֱ˵֮ǰǹ΢Ц
ҫһȫ䱸Уʱڣƻͨһ淴⾵棬ڽ淴֮£ʮҫӰҲûжأվȴŰҫĵ
ҫعܣƲƲ죬һȭֱ棬ǿȭשһӣһܣֲȭѹϯܵķ⾵׷ѣһӿճ˽֮һͬʱӰҲڰҫǰ
ˣʡ˲ʱأҫһ˫ĿӥʰֱƲԶȥЦ
Ǻǣʵ㲻ôҲ潻սģǹ˵ĸй̶ȣҲ㲻ģ΢Ц˵
֪ǹˣҵӦѱȨ޸˲ŶԣӦûôߵȨްɣҫ΢ЦΪ򶨵Ŀʵ
㲻Ҫ֪֪֮ԼһУҲһǾλսܾɱ㣬ʵеһĨȥŶ￪Ц
ҫͷһ˫Ŀ΢΢Ц
̧˫֣תת΢Ц˵˫ףֻҪҴϣͿԶʵģϵͳһ̶ȵΣΧҸҵĸǡһãǾǱɱ˵ˣʵлҲ˵˫׿
ҫüͷһǸ߸Ц
Ӧеģ


ڰʮ ӣ·磡
ֻʵɱҵģҫ˫ۻǰǽ̱ڵϵ˵
ʱǺǱԭ˧ŵɫƿڣöСһľƬĲ֮У˽ñ̫֪٣¶ʵһһ˫ɫͫף̷ƮɢԵüΪ
֮ǰһ̣ҫﱬһҵսҫȭؽſ죬ٶȽ޿ޣѸ֮࣬Ƕȸ쳣꣬һ򵱹Ī֮ƣȻڽڰˣ֧׾Ǳ
ȻһҲжļɣмֹĳָѧζǱϵĲôİǰҲɲ㲻ϡ
˽ǿ˼ʣϸ΢ϵ࣬ǲԽϣҫϸ߹ϣɱǾǿͣебҪȥַ۵糸ʮϵȻƥС
˫׷ҸϣйأҫǷһɽһ㣬һʰǶηĿֲǿȭצתͬʱõġ
˵ܾͰַģʽ֮£޷ֵӦԣսӣѱҫĺм֮
еĸǿûƾ׶εʵҪɱ㣬ܣɱѾ£һû׼ôΡΡվϵľƬĵ˵
㻹ĺУҫ΢΢üʶʵ
Ҹǵܶӳڹȥü֣֮ĺУÿζʤһȻкУһûôﶸȻ̧ͷŰҫɭȻһЦͬʱֲ֪ʱദһҩעǹ׼ԼλѪܣһ롣
ҫһĻ˲ִ²ҪֹĸоֻĶֹֻǹܱɫ͸Һ壬עڡ
ô׶εʵӦÿɱˣ
˫ĿһգȻһһɫ˫ͫԵ쳣죬۰״ˮϣɫҺ۰ף˫۱аĪϺɫľ籩˱ü֮ɫһɭƣ·Хһ㣬ϯܣֱһƵãҫһּǿҵѹȸļ¸С
԰ܶӳе㲻̫ԾʵУЩ߲ǵżڣһ߲һ׶ڷ٣ʤѩ˫ĿգټΪװŮͯ˵
СĬôˣüչӣʲôôһԵĳ¾ţŴ΢Цʵ
壬Ҹоܶӳе쳣ӿŮͯ˫Ŀȴ泯Ļķ򣬽Сֽⲣǽ·۾ҲܿĻһ㣬Եú
СĬȷҪӣûʲôر𰡣¾ŵĵʵͬʱĻĻڵﲢûʲôֻ֮վѣŮͯ˵ʵĲѡ
ûµģ壬һӶѣµģҿԸɵŮͯҡҡͷ΢Ц˵
ʱŮͯĻҲ˲˵ע⣬ܷϹסԶ˽Χ£ǰѯʣ֪Ů֮ͯʱ˶Եúǲ죬׷ױԹ뵣ǵʺŮͯݺܲһ㣬еӣŷǱѰ塣
Ůͯ״򲻶ļҪʱҲΣ³¾ԶˣȫתĻת֮ʱϹĿŮͯһۣ֮дһֺܸӵɫ
Ůͯô˫̧ۣͷų¾Զĵ˵ͷ泯Ļ۾Ȼһ˿ʱ۵ŮͯĻƻᱻòŵʧɫĵز
Ůͯ˫ֻ۰ףûͫףһ˫۾һƬɢż΢İɫӫ⣬˫ĿעУ·ǰһжΣ¶УԵù
¾ԶˣŮͯ˫۵һ˲䣬·һڣĳֱʣüͷȻ𣬵Ů֮ͯ󣬶˵Ӿٴʧͬʱһۣ΢΢ͷ
ܶӳˣһ˲ͻ˿˼˳˼ĵزһֲսϵͳϿɵĶսļϵͳʹǿÿĶһãʱ䲻ĲǺŮͯͬüͷ˵
Ůֻͯ˫۶ѣصȻֱܹӿ͸õսһжͨ͸
ֻӵԵüΪĪ⣬ͺܹʱһ㣬ƽʱֻԱ۵״̬лҼʱǱ۲ŮͯɶΧκָƣŮͯݣǷǱѰ
ŮͯĻڳ˶Ϊ֮һʵģݵλսףѵ˲ɣɲֹǳô򵥵ĳͷˣҪԴ¡
ӦҵĻܷˣսǧ˿ƵĹϵοҫΪص˲ţۿܾˣҪǱ˿һѵĻô̲ڶ
ҿҪֱӽӢս˴սϵֱĻʤˣ˳ӢʶҲ֪ʲô裬ȻʹֶΣԪ̵֪ķݣܷɷ˵еŭ⼫Ϊԡ
嶯ӢʵףҪҲ鷳ϾϵͳˣûֱԵ֤ݣ֤ףû޵ģҲϷˣһĲ
ܹƹʵģϵͳ޸ΣʹмҲҪΪߵȵȨϣڲ˰ɣĿɨܣŻɵĿ⿴ˣܹżˣһʡ͵ĵƣ˶һݲȵı飬һʱҲʲô
ˣԪ׸ոմѶңǵȴܾԴԶ첻Цĳ˵һ仰ԽԽȫ죬Ԫ׶ˣôȻûҽķݣֻϢ˵ĿĻ
ȫעĿĻʱϹһھƱģûˣԼˣ
ھĻУҲսУҫԴ׳ȴ·磬עҩѹŴ
ȤȻǿô࣡
ҫ԰֮ˣȥǵѪգؿһʹǺ۵Ҫ֮ǰͻȻٶȿһʱ䶼ûзӦʵʵİ˶Էһȭ
һȭûعͲûȥֱӺɳʮ֮Զ;ײ˲ķ⾵档
ҫסʱֱһѪ³ؿڴҲ˳˲٣ӭɷˣ˫Ŀڵ۰״һһͫʵޱȣÿһ߳Ũɱ⣬ʵһ㣬ޱȡ


ڰʮ У뵥
ҫһֵȥصĶ֣ķȥɱ㣬ұ⣬ǣҵĿԣԣ鷳ȥɣޱ˵·һжǱƲһ㣬Ҳ޿κβΪ֮
ʲôĲҵ£ֻ⣬鷳ӳ𣡡ҫһڴѪĭЦ
ҲҪˣҸһӵʱ䣬ʾʰɣܻشģһش㣡üڻص
һܹӵжļɣͺѧһ㣬ǹôҫʵ
ǣȻɱֻĶĲһԿóǾԵĹǾԵķ￪ڻص
ˣڶԸң˭ôִ˲ƣҪɱôǳϼսӣȻӢʣûô˺ްɣҫ΢Цʵ
ܣΪҲ֪Է˭ֻµҽӴ￪ڻصҫҲĵ˵ͷ
ûʲôˣҪʼˣʱ䲻ˣɭȻ˵˫ȭ΢΢һ
Ѿͷÿҫ˫ַߺܼľǹȻһȦԲ컨ƮȻ䡣
һ۰ҫƣ˲ޱȣɱ⣬Ծĳɢͬʱеĺɫ̹
װУ
ͺȣǺɫ̹˲չı仯ֻ̹ñƽм䴦һСƽԲƬһֺɫâ̹мתS͵Բ̣̹ıԵžݡ
űһͣ˲תֱͷûع仯Դе㷢£ͷıУԽתԽңߵľݺƷǰк͵
ʵֻһ±ƣʵеĹڣһŵĿţеı仯ǶˣǴûм
ʲôսϿݻôҫҲ˰ɣ¾ŴŴ㵵ı飬ʵ
Ҹող鿴һ£Ǿʵģϵͳ֤ģսеı׼Уһһĸ˫ǹʲôˣûΥϵͳڲϵͳϵͳģſڻص
ǿѧԺ¿Ƽôܷ˫ĿɵĹԲŲ˼ı飬ߵѧԺԺʿ
ֻܷʻûеõ˵ĻشΪѧԺԺʿĻ飬ֱĿžĻеıС
ųOͣͲûˣǸеģֽṹſδţҲǵһμеĸոճͣǶ˵Ŀ⣬һƲˡ
սУĿ켲νڣ˲ֻڻعܣӭĵǹ⣬˫Ŀһ˫۽ǰȳɹ֣΢΢һͣͬɽһɽԼϡ
Ľڣÿһöǹŵӵ˸飬ǿ纣һ㣬֮ϣ˲Ծȥ
ǿȫͨǹеıҫ𾪵ǰɴ⬵ԼҲǵһ
езн֮Ͽһֻ⬣漸˽ڣֻһ˫ȻһӣвƤϵķнڱȳɡ
ϵİԭȥؤ磬ڣƶ֪˻ΪǼʰߣǱ
еĹֶΣֻжѣҲһǿĹģʽｫϵķ֮󣬱ת֮£նȥ
һ䣬һоյĵĶеնУһ룬ﶼᱻնأоյĶ
ֻǣùһȴ㲻ʮ壬ոնһһӣҫԸ߸ԾϷʱȭ£ٶȣ˿ڱеķУǵصĳȥ
ﱻΣʱٴηǲܣֻܸҫӲƴݺݵҧҧ˫һŵ棬˫ȿ缲磬߳Ѹײڶ֮ƣѸ͵ҫһԺ䣬һʱ䵹Ҳ·硣
˫ڶԺ֮࣬þȫƴȫȥսֻ￴ҫѽѷ֣ʵǴȫ·磬Ϊȥٴηɻغն䡣
ʲôУѲǴŪǿȻܹõʵϵͳĳϣѵҲˣ
ҾϮ벻ͨҲ벻޷⣬񱩷ôŪģʵǰ˼⡣
棬ﾢһᣬҫƿһպôԶֻһ֣ƤѪע˵Ϊء
һٶıɼעǸҩ֮˵ʣõ˼ǿ֮ǰһ£޴Ӷܣɡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Ⱪ죬˿һ£ԣٶҲԣֻǿԵĻ˿ġ
żһ㣬ƮԾ˫̤ڱ֮ϣǶĽ˿û׹֮ƣôڰգΧתС
ѾͷҲ̫˰ɣȻзɿյҫ˲۾һ㵵Ŀţҫǹﱾ˵Ĳ죬Ҳ˿ûбȰҫ٣ڣһľ顣
ҲսУУȫѹʵеЩը˹
ţţֵȻܹƳǸţھռĻսܹɱսķɿսĶֱ֮ⱩºĹŽսУ϶Ҫá棬ǿѧԺһҪϾҵȫзܷĳѧԺԺʿˬЦһԵͬҲ˷֮ɫ
ԺʿҲͬЦͷг̰ɫЦŻصû⣡ֻҪϽͼֽǿѧԺһܸ㹻ıС
棬֪ʲô˼ǣȰûǲҪǰǰ£ĻԴģ¾Ƴһ治мЦ
壬γ԰浭ȻһЦʵ
γԣͨ;ȥͼֽҲûʲôֶΣ͵ƭôණҲǣԱֶΣû˹㣬԰ҫֶΣҪúõԼķˣûѹ㣬о仰͵ʴװ¾ųһЦԽϬƺں棬ʲô¸ʲô²
壬Ĳ˼˵ɣ治΢ЦĿڵ
¾һĶ˵ⲻҸ˵˼ͬҲԪ׵˼ҪǾҹԪ״ѹ㣬㵽ǿֶȥԿʲô
лѣ֪ôˣ
ӿɽ̣


ڰʮ ֧CBDֽס
СŰ˵СᣬϴǼðȷǺǱԶ쿴ǰľĻ¾Ųг˶԰ҫ͡
ϣ仰Ѿһ˵һˣĵҲͬ޲ڣҲᣬɾ˷ˣҪ֣ܽٺòˣ¾˿̣΢Цص
ôСޣȻ츳¾ŶôôҪ˵ͣԶ΢΢Ťͷһд޾ɣĳ¾ţʵ
𣬵Ҹϣǲصҵĸްɣ¾˿Ụ̃ƨɲֱ뿪Ӱ˵Ĺ¼ɪ
СŰôˣҲ÷˰
ϣܷôҲܵģ

䣡
һ죬ʯֽ·ըҩըһ㣬ܣӰֱֱĺɶ
ڰҫǶηľȭ֮£Ǿҩǿ⧲֮£ҲҪϲСĿ
֮ǰԼȫע뱩ϣһʱҲ˲ϰҫƣûüӦֻҫԺһȭݺݺɣֱʹľͺҪѿһ㣬亹ֱ
ҪעCBDԭҺжݵʹǿֱѾӲĺ䱬˰ɣҲԣӦʮˣǹأ̾ϢһЦ
ֻ԰ҫһˣǿ˵ʤа˳ϣ˵Ǳʤˡ԰ҫ˵֣ҲͬĶռɵʤ㡣
Ȼչֳʵ˵ռɵʤ㣬ʵģܻ˵ء
ǣټһıأĳĺˣʤҲǻѣΪԴ˱֮һƣڱĸоУȫûпȥô򵥡
ô˵ɣиĸоһô򵥶ѣѾ䵱һֿĺܻɣǲڱ˹ˣȻ
ڱйʱǿԸҫϵģﳤ֮ܶ࣬ǳ䲻ĶйʧΣתע°ҫŵ֣ʵƵĺܡ
ʱ˿̵ȫǹ˵˲ǸϣҲͬʱֵȫͬĹģʽ˵ʱϵԽãԽæңȥ˵ɱҫˣδܱס
ȻǼһнȫɱ˰ҫѾԼȫˣɱ˰ҫУѾʼһ˿˿뷨
뷨ոֱݺݵѹȥΪˣĳŵ
ֻҪɱ˰ҫõĶ⣬ҲȥˣˣûܽģǵԪ״ˣҲͬҪ޲ߣϾԼĶ
˦˦ԴʱǷЩʱԼǿҩǿҲɲǰҫ˵Ķ֣ôֻ˵һ㣬ҩļ
ǣӴCBDҩļкܸߵķյģע֧Լʵлϣӣֻǣ֮ڣûעCBDϡҺضĥ˺Ҳ˵ʵеԼҲܵһ̶ȵˡ
ĻˣԼĹϵܾıǰ޸ϵͳĸ޸ĳ֧CBDǿҩһ֧ϡҺ޸ĳܹɱսκ˵ףѾĸĶʱʵǷòˡ
ӣӦùˣϸٴδóһעԼֱϣǰıдżҵն֮ƣ
һԭɫۿʼһְɫĹ仯͹ĺɫ磬Ҳתɰɫ˿죬
ֻűеһӣֱۺݺݵ˦ڱ֮ϣԭӲʯıУ·һ㣬һ֮ķѣ֮ѱ飬̶ȱ𶹸硣
һĻĳ֣ʵе˶ˣЩ񻹱ڹĶʮ֧սӣ㷴Ӧôٶۣһٶʵǿ֮£Ҳǿʲôߡ
ΪǿսϵĻûעҩĻ棬Ҳûпòľ޴仯һи졣λѾŵףԶ޸ĹģʼʱҲʲô
ǣӸտʼаҫѹԷֱϵʹ˱иѽѷ֣һݻٱУʵȣʵʲôûɵģɵӶܿóè壬ֽôҲסġ
ĻڲŵݣѾ˾󲿷˵ĻɣȻɵȻǼֻ۲΢ǿӣۡҶ䳲
ҴʲôôΪʲôӢܶӳʲôûͻȻʵⲻѧСüͷ۾ѯʵ
ϼҡҡͷĿĻڻصʲôֳݣֻǿܿĶڲܿģȫص˶ѣ
ϼܶӳҲ˰һΪۻأԵ޹ʵʵҲ̫һ㣬вŵеôֲĵӰЦⲻϵŽܣӹ磬Ц
ϼûпʵģϵͳ϶ֽţ䳲սܶӳҲǳϼɷ򣬿ʵ
ܣֻƾһģҪһȨ޼ߵȥУϾҵǰ˿ɲŮҪƹ޸ϵͳû¡ϼ˵ͷ˵ԼƲ⡣
ӦעCBD˵ǺҶĳӲţ˵Ŀȫжȥ
ӲȻҲǹеˣô꣬һЩ֪ģҲû£ֻٳˣǲ֮ˣôΨܿ
ʲôûôģüͷһĿʵ²ˣCBDǿҩͨġ
Ը뺷ңͨǿԼԸҫҲôƣԼʵʵڣʵǲȡֻǲмȡ֮
׵Ļôĸأжһʱͣ٣ķô󣬳CBDӦûʲôҩܹﵽЧˣĸCBDĿԷǳĴ󣡡ӲŵĻص
ǻʲô񶼵ĴҲ˲٣ֱӾٱȡӢʵıʸӸף㲻Ҳһھȥ𼱻ǵվҪȥ֮ʱȴסֱۡ
簡ӺòãǶܿսϵ쳣ǻῴ𣿱ڽȻĬģ⹫ڣݲ°ɳӵˣڲðҫԿģȥϹͣºúÿŰɣεѵ۰ԼãѵҲһ죬Ȼˡ
ʱһصİڣϹϵƽ岻ͣİʲôƽϵһݲͣĴͳȥһ֮ƽϴһƬϹһ㶣漴Ǹ߸
ԭ㰡Ҿ˵Ǹһôʶ࣬ŸԣӲСأ


ھʮ Ѫ˫ھ
һ֮˱Уۼˣüͷ
սݻȻ͵һ˵ԼıǣڲеĲǸܶѺϽģ˹ϵǹеһƻҪǿܽ١
ִܹ飬ɼɾ֮ǿ֮ǰȫͬնǿֹCBDǿҩעǿѾܹҫޱȵΣոС
ڣս
ٱ֮˫ĿһŶİҫ̯׼ˣǿҵɱɷŭһ㣬޷ͣϢҫʶͣ²Դ
̧Ȼһգһӣ·˲һٶȳǰȭ˳ƺĸ˺صʮ׿֮ڡ
ȭʱһһ㣬һȭֻһ룬Ҳ㹻ʧȥսˣ֧CBDǿܷӦĹ񾭷ж찡ﱣŻȭƣжٵķӦе̾
Լٶȱ֮ǰһܷӦոսģеҡҡ׹
һȭڵϥأֳסһֻǽҵʹȻһʱվ
ǿһȭҷӦ죬Ȼһȭϰɣҫ磬Ҳܰˣü壬ϲϳһϸܵĺ飬룬һȭʧȥս
ֻǣһȭȥƯɴ࣬ⲻ֪ѾĴ̼ĳˣҫһûлعĿɣһĶԭأͻȻ˿ʼҵĲԴҲʼ£档
ʰһҫˣ׼ܡ
ָҪ˵ȴҫ˫Ž˻ȥٿձİҫ˺һףգۼǰ˫ͬʱ̧͵ĵĿϡ
оԼ񱻷ɳ۵Ļײһ㣬۵˺ѷΣֲ˺ϰ׿⣬ֱӽһС͵ײ顣
ʱİҫȥ֮ǰûʲô̫ĲֻͬƤԳ죬˫Ŀ۰״һƬȺ֮ɫһҧţͷڴһ˿΢ĵͺ
ˣԴ΢΢һᣬɳƵϵͺڣ·һͷҪԼ﷢һȺѪ˫ĿеĶ˲
ʱİҫ׵Ľ˷Ѫ֢״̬֮£ΪһȭҪҪŮˡ
ʵһȭ԰ҫģô԰ҫ񾭷ӦٶҲ̫أΪһֱΪҪɱԼһĿ϶Լʵ㲻ĵһĿȻǰҫʼδġ
Լ֮˱˴򣬾㰮սʵѷɫԼ٣Ҳǽˣս޿ɱģޱߵŭҫֻƤǣҡ
ɼվ޾ŭ⣬պѪ֢⾳ȫԿأֱӽ뵽˷Ѫ֢״̬С
ҫŤŤӣѪ֢ѹȸУ̼ʧ٣ֻ֮ǹɳˮıŰʶɱ¾ʶʵͷʹĺܡ
ֻҪʱ䲻ǵ̫ãôܹжʱѹƵģڵɳսʱѾԹˡ
԰ҫƵʱ㣬ԼѹʶңԱסԼ˼άʧɲɵǣǿͬҲӣҲ˵˫Ҫڷֳʤ
ֻ˵Ӷá
ҫȻǰһ̤棬նıףȥδķѹǰһ嶼ſߣһֱ֮ӽը˾׿׶İӣҳʯըѶƾޱȡ
׵ľ԰ҫ˵ҲͿһʱжѣԭԱײɷĵ̣ڰҫļ֮£·ըҩըһ㣬ƬʯܷɽֻʣһЩдĸڣڸոҫһסᣬ˵̷Χ
ǿҩﵽǿأǿʲôﱻҫһַޱȣѵıĳһ仰״̬µİҫѾܲɱ˵ˣԼоһ˿Ŀ־塣
㲻Ҫ֪ô࣡ҫĿסֱۣһ֮Ȼأ屻ݺݵѹڵ֮ϡ
ҫһֱֻȭ̧֮ʱͫ׶Ȼһ˫ץҫ˫һ̧ȼнҫֱۣһ˫СȽסҫĲ˼Ϊɵķҫ˳ѹڵ档
һ׶õļȿԳֿ֦磬һǳɣ׾ٵĽҫѹ£סһ۰򡣰ҫ˲ǿȻľѣⲢԼҪԴУֶҲв١
ﵥϥѹסҫùǣ˫ֳסҫı۰ô޷۰ֺ˵ˣƶһ¶ܣҫֱһþһ㣬ڼ֮ϸô˿
޷֮ʱоԼԵ޹ʵĿʼˣԽԽԶоǲ죬ʵһʧգǰҫǿֱֲӽ˿Ҳ˵ҫֱǿĻۡ
ҫվԭɾ;ʮȺתֱۣأٴͺȥֱϵһ𣬶˰ҫǣϸһأһϢȭѹԺıš
ﲻҴ⣬ҲҸҫӲ֪УɾҫһͣӱϹιȭͷŻۣѪ֢İҫȭѹ˺ϵƵһƬƤ⣬ʹһ졣
Ųһ˲ȭֱҫβǰֱҫǰףѸƥֻû뵽ǣҫɳ̶ȣ治١
һܣ漴תұۿҸ£һѹһתۿڼ֮ϣֻһת۵Ĺ򣬰ҫס˫ۣá
Ȼɱûнһַô˼УҫɭȻһЦһǱͷײðǣת
ҫ˫۷ֲѹ˫ۣʹѵ΢ͷҺ˫۵Ĺҫķ飬ҫ˫۷ſ֮һ˫ֱ
ýˣ
ҫĮһһȭǰѲٵֿܵûУ˫۱ϣͿһ˫ȣҫʵԼ൱ƻܶһɰҫչֳʵʵ޷ƥУֻɰҫһȭԼ֮ϡ
һȭֱӽڵع߹Ǽȫ⣬ѪɽҲ̶ãҫƽһȭ״̬µĶηҪǿһȭ֮£
Ӣսӵܶӳȫ𣬶һλսҲڴʱĻսӣһٴժùڣȡùھ
λԱע⣬λԱע⣬ӢսгԱȫھʮŽʵλսھΪսӣȫףսȫԱʵģսʮӺرգвԱҪ뿪Լڵλãڽ뵹ʱʮšˡߡһʵսʼرգ


ھʮһ ٰ뻳ɣ
ҫ˫ۣܵˣԼһȻսʵǷѪ֢ĲʸУֵƣۣ˶һԼģڣ޸ҺһСʱ䣬ѹ
治أҫ߳ģ֮ŤŤЦ
˵ҫյսʱܿػǶˣлɣеִĻôڿ˵ĿȫɾϿˡ
λսսӹΰʵ˵ҫѾԵõǶ˵ƽȶԴҪһ˿ƽʵ㹻ǿ߱ضܵõ˵ء
ҫ磬㻹ðɣǰĵʵѪ֢ȻܹȵսҲͬСҴ⡣
ðɣͷе⣬Ҳûʲô̫ǿҵĲʸУȻ뵽Ѫ֢״̬ЩʶҲܸպѹһСʱ䣬һأҫԴ΢Ц˵
ǺǣڽѪ֢ûʧô´´ν룬ɸʶ仯֣ʱһȫѪ֢֮ˣڿǱЩڹķҪأ΢΢һЦ
ҫ˵ͷܹĽѪ֢״̬ôԼսǲСأһݾԻΪ֮ıܡ
ǲ֪ħŵ׸ݷѪ֢кβ֮ͬأڽӵ
Ҳûʦ˵أӦ÷ǳɣڻص
򲻴ҲҲҫʼ磬һνЦ
˵ͷͷȥ߳ģյķ֮ڣװ˷ԷθĹƣ˱ףصЦݡ
ˣҫһʱ֪룬ַΧܲԴӲ뽭֮ûйǾǿ˶Աȱ𾴶ϿɵĿ⡣
ƺƵ˺棬վһţһ΢ЦŹƣߴȺҫ˽Ӵʱ죬ô˵ףһ£ȥ׼ϲ飡
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵˵ͷҫǰ˺Ѽȥ֮Ȼûʲôʢ¡صİ佱ʽʲôġ
ǿŴҶǿģȥһ˴ӣõǿ֮ճ˰ҫǿ֮ȵʵ飬νİ佱ʽҲûôҪҫҲ⡣
ֻǰҫˣҪһᡣΪǰߵɢɢӵһȥϢҵȴȺʲôҪԸ
λս˾ʮŽ죬һЩᳵ·ˣӦûȥϢڶٵȥйºžսһЩҪš
Ϣ֮󣬰ҫͻȻʲôߵʵȻѾǹھˣôΪھӦʲôİɣ
ϻȻˣǹھôûźģһ۰ҫڻص
ʲôҫԴ˷ܵʵ
ǧٹֵֻúݣҫʶĶҲ;ţһëѣҲ̰ƣֻ೤ʶѣλĹھͷΣӦǼȤ˼ĶŶԡ
ʵģλսõһĹھսӣڹžսУӵսжָȨһпܵõõԪ׼ĻأϵһԵĽܿ˽ϻ˵˷ܸԺС
ûҫһųʵ
šûˣһ󣬵˵ͷڻص
Щʲôãҫʵ
ٰһ󣬿ڻص
˹أûбʲôҫһ˫ĿֱĶʵ
šûˣŰۣ϶Ļص
ӴҪ٣Ҫƨðֲܳԣֲãܿһصⶼ磬СӢҪɱҵģҪɱҵģսɱҿֱӻģĹھ˵٣氡Ӹͬھһɣ
ҫǳŵסĲҡΣצĭɵģƺв֮Ƶġ
ҲȥӰҫǿŵı֫嶯Կȫûж⣬ֻڶ㣬ڿЦڻ֮ǰǳսľƣͶѡ
ҫϨ֮ŭǳϵͷҡԴϹĽߺ
ãٸһλᣬĽͣñ⣬ȻҪһҫ𵶵ɳϣֱͦ˫ַϥ֮ϣ˵Ҳһϵͷ
޷ҲҪһЩʵԵĽĺǣЩ˻ãûʲôøѽȨޣǵȨѾָӹټصȨˣϲȥˡҲûʲôõģﻨõ㣬õ㣬ǸȨ޷ŵģҲò갡
ڸ߿ƼȫͨȨȥѧԺѽȨޣκʽĴ߿ƼڣȨ޲ǸһеĲƸѾѽԣ㻹ҪʲôûʲôøѽŲӣί˵
ҲŶȻˣˣҫһӣԴǵ˵˭֪һŴӱһʺҪѿжѿ
֣ôӢʵˣӦøͬʱŶԵѽҲҫѿʵ
ǰӦǱסˣյ޸ҺʶĹܣӦñɱ걾ˣ˵ģЦ
Ҳ˵СҲ֪ӢʵɱңҲôҫ·Ϲ֣ʵ
˵ͷ͵ͨʿӣұ˸ţȻҲܵһңų˷ҪҸˡȥ㣬в䰵ϮĻͺܱˣ
ðɣҺܺ棬˭ôޣҪزɣεսɱңҫɦɦףһֵ˵
Բ֮ǰˣûôȨޣĿھڵ
ϴΪ£ҸѾͷûǸҲûʲôֱӵĳͻӦòܰɣҫڻص
֪֪治֪ģοҲǾеָӹٶڣ㻹һŶһĪ˵Ūðҫ治ѣʵ˭½λָӹٶڰ
һλָӹٵģ΢Цҡͷص
ţʱ񶼶ָӲָӹ٣Ϲףǳӥʣյʱ򣬾ǩĹָ˫ۻһϷʵ˵
ϹףǻҪɱң


ھʮ ôͷôȥˣ
ҫ磬ûбѽ̯̯֣ڻص
ҫüͷ壬ỹ벻Դ֮һ¼û꣬ҫ¸˸ɾҲϹ׵Żᵼվֱѽ
ҫ˼һ󣬸оҲ̫ܣȻԷֱ˷䳲ԼչǣҲְڣ°£޿ɺǵģʵڹֲ˼ȥҲ󣬱Ͼйֱӳͻ
˳Ĭ֮ʣͨѶ΢΢һһ㣬һƵŰҫȥż䣬ʲô˲ˣҪʰҫһЩ顣
ԸܿȻȥ׼ɶԣԼǴŰҫȥż䣬ȺBOSSǡ
˽ż֮ڣûеĶ࣬˳¾Լʶ⣬˼ûڳĳ˳¾ţӣ۲ŮͯĬȫ־ֳԶ죬ĺ½Լ˻ɣҪ԰ҫɱ֮Ϲס
λ٣֪кηԸͷһеףҫҲףеҲ£ͬʱһ
Ťͷҫˣ΢ЦͣĬǳŰҫˣһЦ֣Ϲ׵ЦݣԵеζ׽ˡ
ɣЩҪǵ¾ŵȻһЦ˿Ȧڵ
ҫ˾ϹʱԷ˵һ仰ҫĶУʵ൱հ
ҫÿɷһЦ˵ͷжϹˣԽľǷݻɵ̬еԽԽҵơ
֮ԶȻ壬ǹЦȴԵüΪƣŰҫʵСޣֵĲǼӣͻȻǿʵеܺ棬֪ʲôأ
ˣʵ£ڰصһһԶʱսֻҲúܣЦˣҫ˵
ǰȻĴ󣬵̸ֹҲͰףӳ¾ſԷ𾴵λͷȻСҫҲнڣΪ
С޺òϲСţ˵ɣʹˣӹǲˣȻȥˣСĬ߰ɣĬɵĵ˵ͷסԶ̧֣ȥ
ߣۿԶҪ뿪˶ͣһǫ֮⣬ϸûĵкš
Զ΢Цĳ˵ͷ򿪷֮ʱٴλͷ˰ҫһۣ˵ͷĬҲǱ˫۳Űҫ֣·ʶܾõһ㣬ҫĸеֵĲ졣
СŮļ벻ˣǣǵң˫ۻܣ巽ˣҫϸҲ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ˣֱӽɣ֪ЩСһɶҪμӣͳ˵ˣǹӢսΪĴ⣬ֱܺߣҲҪǵأ¾ֱӿڵ
ǵҫ΢΢񣬿˿п˿˶ǰԴƲһԣ˼ԣ޷Ҳǣɣû
壬Ƕ֪ˣ
˵ʵڵİҫҲ֪ôˣӢʿ˵ֻ鶼ǳԼģҪɱԼҲûCBD֧ɼҪɱҫǷǳᶨġ
ǣһ˵ǸˣȻǣֹİҫзȨﲻһˣпԿһΣԼҪȥļᶨԸоȻǱƲѡ
Ҳ˵ֵǹֲҫĳЩʱӲĺˣʱ޵Ϻˣһʱ䣬Ҳ벻ʲôͷӢʵ뷨
Сӣ𳶿⣬ǾͿһߣСĬ֤Ѿȫ֤ʵˡԪҲָӢʵƾ㴦ãôŪС
ĻҪǻһǹˣλսף֪ҲҪи޶ȣˡСӣϿ𸴣˵ҲҪȥμǵɶˣ¾šŰҫԴüŪ۵Ĵߴٵ
Ϣŭʹҫ˫֣¾ֻץסԴ˾ĽƵģֽۡ
һԵŰҫģȻܿҫڼװı¾ץˣҲˣԽԽ͸¾ŵʵˡ
һμ棬¾һȭ׾ٵİѰҫɣһһץץ۰ҫˣִ󵨵Ĳ²⣬¾ֲֿľӦ˼˰ɡ
Сʹ㣬仰¾ɿҫȵ
ҫԴֵǣڳ¾Ŵץ֮£Ȼһͷûʵ治ѣֻҲʱԼҪû׼ȷĴ𸴣¾ŹҪԼ͵ˣǰҫҲʼ֣Ц
ҶӢʵĳͷǡ
ҹ񶼵һֻڣǧƽ׵Ĵڣ˳ӿ̶ؽ֣Ҫ˵𱬣ֳЦַǷ
мľͿ֮¸̨֮ϣʱУһ꣬ŴһŤǰѪڵĵ
µС֮УһֻʽȻԸŮɣŤ֫ھУԸ˵ľ衣
һڣЦȭƴƵ˷һЩżΪʡʡϵŮɣǽģ飬ԸУһߵĸߴ׳ȾƵ顣
ǾǵľƱ׸һλսھʷǿսӣĴ֮׵~~~~~ģ
̨ϵDJʦǵͳֻɤܵĻڳǧȺڣ΢Ц߸ϵľƱİ뿪Ű䣬һеİҫˣҲͬ߾پƱһ
ҫʱߵߣĺ˵û°ɣôŹӢʣһѵҲ̫˰ɣ
ѽûҪôҧŲţôȥɣֲʲôɱ֮ҾðɣҲԼĿԣǷɱҲɵģʧˣҲһˡ첻ЩȾƣҸǲ飡ҫһЦԵüΪѡ
Ҳһεʼ磬ҫͷȣǰҫ£ȻҫѾˣԼҲû취Ͼ˶ʲôҲֻܷɧѡ
û¾ŽȨҫԺ󣬰ҫľǣ׷
ҫԼľ֮ӦҲֹһˣһ˵ķӦͬʣµһС룬ҲЩĪĳϼӲһˡ
ʱ䣬ǰҫԼ˵ĸ˱ʱˣǰμɶԣصǧң޵׶ˮƽ
ĵİҫҲʲôƲ磬û¹˭˿ʼӭµսֻۣоƵսۣ¹˭֣Ҫ˭ˣȵľƣƣܣЩҹϰʹɡ


ھʮ ԽԽĺڰͬһҹ
PS:Ҫ˵Ǹ̫ˣŵ0ǰȥողŷԭδ޸ĵĳʼ׸壬ոѾȫ޸ɣϴٴαǸУƱĴǣ벻Ҫģ͵һ㶯ɣʤм
һεɶԿַǷҲõҹ꣬ڽκ˵ӪҵǸ߸Լʲô߰ĶӸ磬һɾ֮⡣
˲Ҫֳһ֪ǾսӣҲμɶԵˣȫսӵĳԱʮ֧鼸һʱ
ЩƽֺĹӸǣʲôʲôǣ㶼ûಡųֱӱжпܣֳûв£͵͵ߣǴҴ
ϻӢѰⲻéƣʺôЩӵܣƽʱ۸۸СϰջУսӵĶˣܲµվֱ壬һˣʲôûôġ
ЩӸθ룬ҲֻɶԿʼʱһСˡʱҹڵĳ䣬ͬʱҫڵİ䣬ӽǶ˵պÿԿҫˣҫȴ򣬿˵һǡ
꿴ҲǲߵһһԭӵĿռ䣬ȴһ˶ûע⵽ˣ͸ʲô֮鷢ˣ·˶ʶĺ˵Ĵڡ
ǵӣԽԽ˳ɴֱˣǵʵɱ練ƣõô鷳Ҫٽ֮ô֮УһͷѼñ꣬Ϊ˵лЦںȾƵİҫԽԽۡ
ɱףôȥ˵ˣɱãûǾˣϾǸ˵ĵطҪҲ鷳ĺܡɵهNɪһʱˣʱƻһɣҲӴֵѣѲʲô¡Ѽñߣһ࿡ʣ̲꣬˵
˵СǱۻͦߣôŲҲʰɣѼñ꣬Ļص԰ҫ̬һɱ֮ĸо
ϰĴڣеǱҲκεţҲһ΢еǱϰˣһ¾ֻǵĸѣҪɾ㹻ˣҪϡ국˵һȫѰҫĿǡ
˵Ҳеߣˣ´СӽңҾѼñҧҧԴһŭĻص
ǵһμɣôôʹô⣡һ˿ζЦ
֪֮һҾ͸оֻֽܲңѼñҲ֪ĺԹ˫ĿĶŰҫţֶƲڵɱ⣬Ҫҫֻ
Ǹ߸ѼñļЦлģ
ȥ֮ǰ֮ڣ֮ߵİҫ˵ҫ磬ˣ
ţɱ⣬ôԶܸоʲôʡ͵ĵأҫ˵ͷĽ䷽ƳһۣȻ裬֮ǰǹϢɱ⣬˰ҫע⡣
Ҳ˵ƣԼûз֣ߵ˴ֺȾƣʵϴ󲿷ֵעⶼˣɱ⴫ķһʲô춯ӲǶ˵ĸо
ڸоϣ˾֮󣬶ΣգԼɱĸо쳣ֻҪһڵɱ⡢ΣոСѹȸСļ¸еȵһмԵĶ⣬ܱǸоҲǹ˵һƣΣնһԤ֪
֪ô£ܸоڲõĽʲôܲõ鷢ΪλսȥܹúϢһʱ䣬û뵽ָоԽǿҫһھƣ˵
ǰҫʱ̫ˣûкúõϢѹ̫˰ɣλսҲˣսҲ£ʱÿԺú÷ɷɣϢһأһԵǵסҫĴ֣ɵİο
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷҲ֪ҹDJʦֵգʲôԭֳеƹͻȻΪ֮һֲָĺڰҫüͷֱ壬ֳʱѻȸ廨ص
һ˲ĺڰðҫԱĲУҫԼ޷ܵȺ·ʧһ㣬һ˶о
ǰڵĻУһɴĶĺڰ۳ɵĴ֣ԼԽԽֻܵĻγһּΪĶԱȣֻһ˿ܽɣҪԼٲ
һ˲ǳҫ֪ʵһӶûеַ·ʱ侲ֹռĸоǰһ֮ͬãҫԼҲʲôֻֻڰĽӽԼ
ֻڰְ֣ҫȫסʱҲ֪ΪΣҫ˫Ŀһƥ޵У·նһʱ䡢ռ䡢ܱһն֮ĺ⽣ҫǰĺڰɵնޡ
ں⽣նȥڰֵһ˲䣬ҹֳĵƹҲٴζȻ𣬻ص֮ǰǹɻ谵Уٴ裬ȾƵĺȾƣһյҹʱһûʲôı䡣
ͺҫ֮ǰһڣ˲ͬһʱڣһУûһ֪ȴֻаҫһ֪һжʵġ
ҫ磬ôˣﲻôĻҫ˲񣬿һãȻıҫҰʱֻǹȥһ룬һ붼û֪һﾭʲô
ҫҲǱտڲ̸˴кڣžеԼҫһڣ漴ص̾Ϣһǰҫڴлˣ

ͬһҹͬĵص㡣
ھ׸߿֮Уһڷ꿴˿Լƣ¶һЦݣڵ뽫СһץǰģȻǰĽǿƳˣǰĹ뾳磬־أ
ˣСӵʵҲСأô˲С֣δҲ̫һɣںڷһͷӣնĻص
СһȻڻ۵ĺܣǽǱĸ󻼣ܲģǰ̧ѽڷŴݲȵ΢Цӣڵ
£ҵ£Ҫ㵹ǿԳԣһӶԷֱֱ˵
ǰԵɲ⵱갡ڷЦ
ݰԵʵӦô
ӦãȻӦãֻҪо޵еʵԵҲãҲãαҲãκ±˶ֻΪǱȻġҲգ͸ǰһӣֻǰӦҵ£ɲܷŶ
Ϊ֮Ƿӵ飬ɾˣԺи·˵֮תʧһƽâһţڷӣǱȭҾ΢Цǰ

ͬһҹͬĵص㡣
ӢսܶӳļгһĿˣ䱸Ŀ֮ˣպǽţϹס
ʧأϹɳ֮ϣŶȣЦ
Ϲָӹ٣˵ʲôĻص
ף˰ɣǴ촰˵ҼȻ֪ˣҲҴˣɱҫȴʧˣɲֹһ֪أϹ״ŸĪЦݣڵ
㾿˭˫Ŀ΢΢һƵʵ
һѵˣ

峿ҫļУ˼ɫװīƤЬĺˣǰȫĺˣͷҲˣ䡣
ҫԪҪ㣬һ˰ɣ



ھʮ ֽ֣Ԫף
ҫɫãȻܳڣߵǻ䣬ǰһãȻ̸߲һ·ϻ޻ġ
ҫеҲƵĺܣ˿ûҪ쵼ߵ˷ܸУҪǻˣԪҪԼҪ˷ܵĻȥҹȻֳԼõ״̬޾ߵľ⣬ǰȥݼȥݡ
ԪʲôĴڣǶһ޶Ĵڣľ䣬ʵ䣬ǿ֮ˣ֮ڣ񶼵ĴڣЩϹ֮
Ԫףκһ˵ǶϵΨҫһԵúܲΪȻƵԭΪһ磬ֱӳң˯ߡ
û⻰Ҫ˵ȥԪûԼ˯Ҫҫƻᱻʬϰٻأұ䳾Ҫһַǳʴȵˡ
ǣڰҫĹ˵˺⣬ûʲô˵ûûҲȷϾļֵ۲ͬ
ðҫڹȥƷɣ˷֮飬Ԫףͺ֮ǰ˵𣡻˯һͷȥƷɣҲЧ
˵ˣҹɶһֱٳӲŽĽҹڵľȫȸɾˣ˲δ뿪ĻҪһһҹŻưոݣսӵ˸Ǿк֣ͺȲƵģʵǹ˵ġ
ҫȻҲǷӳǿֲľȻǱҫĵ˺ȵϰˣŽֹľ棬ΪҹûˡҲ£ʱ򣬰ҫԺĲְҹΡ
磬ôֻһȥѾͷˣҫǷǿŻ˯Ƥϣʵ
ԪףԸ֮һˣԱһȥ˶Ц˵ͬʱóһװɫҩԹܣͷҲصĵݸҫ
ʲôţҫ֮󣬻˻ԹڵҺ壬ʵ
ҫ٣˼ԣܾƣѾƵã̹ٿ׼Ŷ˾һƵЦҫԴһ˿Ľ֮⡣
ҫ˵ͷԹڵĵɫҩһںȸɣȻЧˣ˴ӻججһӱþٱͷҲˣҲˣӦҲٶˣ¾ӡ
ˣʶңҲʶ㰡ҫ򿪳˾˾ҲЦ磬˭ʶλսĹھ֮ǿһŶı¼ˣһЩСᶼΪż񣬻׷ϵĿأҫŶ
죡˾٩٩̸˿ûͣµƣ䲻䷳ü˵
˾͵ĴһԹԵĿԼոռ˲Ųãһʱ仹ûӦԼλͷ˾Ƣ֪һģȫҷ
ҫȻζƲƲ죬ʵ磬Ԫ׵İɣҸ˵˵ľôʲôԸ֮ģҲи׼һʧ˾Ͳ̫
ңҲûԪ״ˣֻ֪ǼԪ׵ֻֽ֣һǻܼģһԶģģҲ֪Ļصҫ֮ҲǲÿɷһתһԴߡ
˼
ʮӺ󣬰ҫ˵Ļ£ٲ¥һ㣬¥֮ܵȺ޲ָָ㣬̾Ľϸﲻڶҫʶ΢΢һЦɦɦףԭҲأ
վڿĻǰ¥㣬ڰҫ봫֮ͨǰޱ˵ҫף㣬õλսĹھ
ǺûֻűԵñȽϹˣҫҲ֪Ը񣬲Ϊ΢Цͷҫվڴͨʱٴľű˵Ż˵˵Ԫ׵ľ
磬ԭҲῪЦİû⣬ʱǱߺȱģͨںһҫʧ١
ĵ¥ٲõĶһٲ㣬˶֪һԪ׶İ칫ң˽ǧһ˶ûȨ˭
ܻԪ׸ļᣬõԪ׵Ȩ¥ըˣһҲı㻹ǽȥô棬ôİ
ҫŤͷ˿ܣԼԵ޹ʵĳһ㣬ûеӺϳʾûдֻͨпޱȵĴԼһʵľ칫񷶥ճһƴּѶԲͼƣ칫ǰһĸ߱ΣԵüΪĿ
ҫĿ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿۰ҫȥӣʼտϵˣһǣȴָоԷĴڣܿüȴģһƬһĻҫʼ˽䱸֮ġ
Сһɵվˣ߽㣬ǺúģһдԵɤڰҫĶУҫ̾Ϣһż֮֮ǰ
һȥҫ𾪣һֱ˰칫ǰ⵱ֱӿԽϰ׵ľ룬ҫüͷ΢壬һĻƣ뵽ǡռ֮
ôˣܲôӦòһνӴռ֮ɣ¥Ѿ˿ռ֮ûҵǾ߹ҵģһӶߵҵǰˬһЦڽ͵
칫ǰһ˫ʮָǰ˫ȻĿΰ֮ϣȻЦݣһƽ׽˵ζͷĶ̷Ե쳣Ŀưҫͫĳɫ˫ͫ鶯㣬ʡ
Ų͸һ־µ͸ҫķԾļӿϵѹȣðҫʶǰ˱񶼵쵼ߣһ޶伶˵еԪס
Сһ㲻ôûòкɣζЦҫ͵ĻִأҪʱȴֹСһһǱȽϲ㣬нӣ
ҫͻȻһ㶣漴Цŵ˵ͷȭҾ΢΢ǰһǫѷڵҫǰ
ˣˣҽˣڽʲôԪҲãҲգЩ㶼ùܡұǹҲŵŶ˳ƣ𣡡˰֣΢Ц˵
ҫǰҫ΢ЦͷٴιһٴοڵǰţѵҲǹˣ
ţǧǰǣѾ񶼴˽ǧˣеǰأЦŵ˵ͷص
ǻǰʶĽƷɣǰҫΪĵ˵Ҳеһ󵨵Ĳ롣
ǿʲô˰ɣôʱȲش㣬Ȱ°˵
һ䣬۾һһţҫ˲޷쳣ľ˫۵һ˲䣬ŭĻӭգۼѽҫС
һֱԭλգۣһûжҶһ޼ɵС̼ܲҪһ£ܵ
У䶨ˣ


ھʮ 棡Ŀʼ
ҫڵĵطÿռ֮ԼķʥĻ磬һЩҪ֪Ǿⷽصʵ
֮ǰпһЩʵҲԼȨޣǿ㿴ģֻһֻ֣ǱɽһǶѣҪģⷽصʼա
һжǰܲˣǣΪ˽ı粻ٷҪⷽصĹҪ֪
ȻкܶҪԼȥ룬Լãǲֱ˵˵ڣΪڿ⵱еһʱῴ̫ǣ֪ˣ
ôʼɣ
ҫĶлصŻĻ˫֮ǰһжѱɫĻΧѤȴֺմ֣֮࣬ȥ쳣
ǣǣⶼĸİǰָĳЩ˵Ļôָʲô⡮ʥĻ磬ǿȥԵĪȻֱҵ˼άͨĹ뾳磬Ҫҵǰ˶£ʲôҫͷ˼Ժеʺ쳬Լͷˡ
ڰҫ˼֮ʱǰĻɲǼʧȻʣֻǴʱİҫѾİ칫ˣһƬִĴи߿С
ҫͷ棬ЩЩЩˣһбȽƺǧ겻ֹǱ磬ȴԵúпƼС
ҫ̾Ϣһֳʷпһ˿ߣǾǽƼеͬҲ֪Ҫʲôⷽص춯ޱĳǰ
ҫУնܸоԼʵǾϵʵ֮Լ״̬͸ʷʱһܸоԼһȴӴԼٴĿռάȥ۲硣
ڰҫѲһûзʲô쳣֮֮У߲֪δһ죬·뷢ͬʱըѣϢޱȣ쳹գϵ˶죬һ
粻ܺʱεأŻ˯ţȫȫ̧ͷ죬ûһ£ͺε֮Уʲôס࣬ǲò̧ͷ
ǿʼأҫԴһᣬһ˿ζЦ̧ͷϿգЦ
ҫֱϾ֮Уܴŵ㷱ڿռ䣬ſž޴壬ΧǰһųȺɫĻ建תͬʱҫϽһЩΧŰҫεɫ壬ƶϰٿš
Ż򣬱Щ岻֪ٱ·ĶԱȳ̶ȣЩ嵱УҲ˰ҫεɫ磬ҲԼڵ硣
εɫߣֱһпնڶһתͣŤͣնīκεڣֻŤĿռ䣬Լǲͣ˸Ĵɫ绡
ոյģǸʲôҫüͷҲ벻Ȼ
Ȼһը죬֮ǰҫǵ֮಻ضãʱִǧ׵Ĵɫ绡ͷпնб;Ľδ׷ױըգ֮ɫ绡βѭ֮ơ
ҫεɫγһ绡漴ڰɫ绡߿ʼγһֵĵ绡ĻҫҲڡ
ǣ
ҫ𾪵ĿǰһĻһʱ˵ǰһУʵڹڷ˼ⴿɫĵ绡˵ʵ޷ݣ·еĴֱӽҫڵУƺΪ˴ﵽһ־˵Ŀġ
ҫصĺһȶϵĹԼԼȺڣѾը˹ȺڵĿֻ뵣ǣңһЩǿȶԼڵĻ֮󣬷׷ɳԼ߶˿ƼķɿҪһ̽
Щνԭһһǿɳȥķɿڰҫл治ĺܣνĺɴһӴǰɫ绡Ļ·ѩһ㣬ȫıڵӰ٣ʣûһʵϵá
Ҳ˵ⷽѾĻ绡ס˳ȥҲȫһյ֡
֮бɫĻ֣ҲʲôߣһСʱʱ䣬һзƽ˾һֹļžУеǷΪּžԽ˸еϵĻɳţԽԽ֮ơ
ҫ˫ĿȴĶпնţҫʶĸопնӦûűôֹ׹绡ⷽѡ
·Ϊӡ֤ҫе뷨ʱȥպһСʱһҲһ룬ߵпնȪһ㣬ĸɫ壬ɫӶ࣬ռ֮ɫ죬ֻ֮һ
ÿ嶼ԼɫͬỤ̃ǵصĳŵ漱׹ȥͷƤ飬·޾һ㣬ϵĴпնбӵ濴գô֣ᷢʱ˿̵ϣһΪĺɫꡣ
д׹֮󣬲ûжԵʲôƻԼݣǼɵڵ֮ϡ
ϵȺȫˣЩɢȥ֮󣬲ʲôС˵еޣҲǿƻõӰеʲôʯˣһȺװòˡ
ֻЩȫ˫ۣһվԭأǵװһ㣬ŶһЩǹһֶֺصĸо
е׹䲻ͣ쳯׶ǵĵУһӳֱգ̤ն漴һըգΪ쳹֮С
֮ڣⷽأ֮ⷽأֻȴڣԭסһɣɱۣ
һ䣬ѾĹˣȫ˫̧ۣͷ죬֮ϥ¹򣬴żΪȵ֮
Ⱥ˸ⷽ磬ֹɱ¾˲ɱﲻɻ٣ȺõеԼʽЩִ߿Ƽ֮ԱǵĶ
ɾЩУѹĿƼΪǵ빦ѾﵽĳּޣĳֳԽԸƼװܳܵļޡ
ӵ䲻Ҳ䲻ǵ壬ڵеĳЩǽһأֻǱһ˻ȥ̹սӲ䱩¥ñӲƵ
˵ʵսԭĿƼװߵıȽϾͺǸˣԭװһϣҪ׾٣ֻǷһʱѣ㹻ô»иࡣ
ðɣҵһ㣬ôڲⷽĿʼôҫŵϵս죬̾Ϣһ
ҫˣֻǿʼѣֻǿθˣ½


ھʮ Դڣ뱻ƿصδ
ǰǸȸӻһһ˼ҫüͷ˫̫ѨԺеĻҳ̶ȣȰ˵໹ҪҫûֱεѾ֤ˡ
ҫڽʥĻ֮ʱȥһСʱǵģʵֻǹȥһСʱǰҫڻȴ˰֮á
ⷽصıĿĳͣĹһеһжƤһһֱ֣񶼡Գ֮󣬰ҫٴαаΧصʵС
ҫصʵ֮ԴҪըƵģ֮ǰܵϢʵ̫ˣһʱûзӦıȴǰ¶һСȵò
ðɣ䣬ССһһѣΪʧǵĲ֪룬Ӱ첻󰡣ƲƲ죬ĻҫƺûԼ̫Ѩ
ϻõĺѡ֮һҪôСⶼܲסʸҵĺѡˣ֮һˬʵ
ȴǷ˷ۣһûһֱҫֹͣҫһ䶼ûǵ̸ͺܣһжεˣռֻǵĴڡ
ǰҿЩǺʵʵһʱ䶼еˣҲͦ˼ģҫ̧ͷ˵
˼˼ùôԽôԴһ˿ŹֵŰҫ԰ҫķӦܲ⣬ʵ
ô㣬ԽܣΪʲôҪԽܣҾú˼ҫܲΪȻĻصһֱȽֵǱҫŪˡ
СһͦȤ˵˵뷨ں֪µĿ԰ҫȤȻô˼ķӦǵһμ
ʱΪ֪ⷽصʵմΨҫһкһоûУڿһӰƵģˣ˷ɻҲһС¶ѡ
ô˵أⷽصľޱ䣬ȷҾȲСΣһңǰҫߵ·ҪȥҲҪ꣬ǰҿһУպĳһʲôҪйأҲԺˣҪɽȻҪԼһиģԺ£Ժ˵ɣ죬δѣֻӹŶѣҫмΪ֮
ҫĻһ˲ز뷨ǵһμǰЩһɶҪҪʹ飬أһеķ
ҫ뷨˵дڣһԶΪֻԼպ֮պ֮ǣڵ£Դڣһǲм˵Ը񣬵ȻǺģ㣬һûûΣһΣʶûС
СӣԽԽȤˣԸͦģҲʡٿȰοһˣͦõģ˼һˬʵЦ
ǰˣҫһЦ˼ɦɦס
ˣʱ仹һ㣬ҲһкܶʣʲôʵľʰɣֻҪܻشģ֤֪޲ԡ΢Ц
ҫ˵ͷϸһΪʲôҪⷽصԵɣа˳ϵĿԶԷشôһЩ򵥵ĺˡ
ǰ֮ǰڻУᵽǣǣЩָЩأҫʵ
˭Ҳ˵һûô˵˶һָҲûʲô̫áͺ֮ǰʶʶƷɣôһش㣬Ҳ֮һһһԱҲ˵˵
ҫ΢üͷ˵ͷаԴ⣺ǰǰཻǳһֹˣĳŶӣôŶˣʵ֮ǿ֮ߣ˰¶ǳ뻯֮Ͳ֪Ѿͷĸĸ˾ͽǰǷڴˣԺܴ󰡣
ҫ뷨˵ûʲô̫ĸݣǣִ󵨵Ĳ²ҲǿѨ磬оԴԼֱ֮ڣ·ֻεĴƶ߳һ·
ҹǵֿڰֵĽƷɵİĺ֣ͺƷ֪һƵģԼ֮ǰԼޱ֣Ĺ׷ɱƷҲٲպôǰȣһʵеɺϹͷˣɺϵҫеһ˿ĳɡ
Ҳ˵ԼһδӲƷɷ۵ĸоԼһоͺѾȫˣʲôʱΣն׼ʱ֣ɹѹأԼͨΣճɳֲ֮࣬Ϊر
ˣǾе̫˼ˣƷѾǿԤ֪Լδĳ̶ȣЦҲôģǣƷɵʵھĶ֮ϣԽ飬ﵽһǰδеȫµľ硣
ˣҫвһ󵨵뷨Լе飬ǱƷɰźõģее·̣ȫƷɵƿ֮УԼŬԼ߹·ƶԼﵽһΪĸ߶֮󣬽һ޴ֺ˵ıȴԼ
뷨ڰҫԺһţ̼ѱƷΪԼ߹·ʲôôûʲôضĹɡ
ȻԼ߱ⷽأıϷģޱ֣Ҳһʱ䣬һпȥɺϵĹͷ˴֮仹ûʲôĹÿһÿһҪȥĵطȷ³ƷһϵûС
İ֮µĻôƷΪǿ߶ԵеСˣΪ񶼲ΪΪ˰ҫδ
ιιιСһʲôأûʲôʵģоͿ㣬ˣҺæѽ棬ѵ
ҫ˲񣬽Ժе뷨ʱһߣ˼һ󣬿ʵǰܰҳ˭ҪɱôԴ֮⵽սӵϮɱץ
üͷһƣЦһΪ㲻أлɵĿô
Ϲףҫ϶Ļص
Ǻǣĸо̫˰ɣϹͲûˣΪȥģȻЦҫ¶һֲı顣
оôʲôֵģƹ񶼣һз紵ݶܶùҵ۾һǷܱ֪ǸҪɱˣˣǹĽˣĳӴָܹ֮ӵĶսӣΪ񶼵ĸ߲ǵˡ˵·еһжУҲ˶Բߡ
ԭˣҴϹָӹأôаô


ھʮ ѧԺ
Ӵ֪Ļ֪ͦ࣬ˣͱˣҲö룬һ㴦Ǹ߸𣬸ĪĻص
ҫ˵ͷȻд£ԼʲôֶΪأ
ǰһ⣡ܻصôҫʵ
ôôȥˣĲ̹һ˿ζЦ
ҲǣͦõģֻǽУһЩǣҷŲ£ԼһЩԹûбҫЦҡҡͷ˵Թ֮ʱһɭĹâ
û⣬ֻǣڿռţȻܴ򿪣Ҿûǲμ˹žս֮߰ɣսĺôܴкܴĵţȽսһʱȥ΢Ц
ҫٴεͷȻȷҪ죬ҲһʱȲμ꽻սҲһܺõѡͬ磬չսĶȻ춯أǰ󣬴ˣǾĿϧˣҫ
Ȼˣͻǰˣ˷лǰ߶ˣǰ£ǣҫȭ񣬹˵
һ£
ڰҫ֮ʱסҫͣסŲʵǰк£
ȥһ˰ʮĿѧԺСŮǵŶ˳ҲԼʶʶ񶼵߿ƼװЩƼ˵벻Ƕ˵ȨѾߣѧԺеĿƼǶãȥɣ΢Ц˵
ڰҫҪظ֮ʱһָҫ˲ʧһʱԼѾڰٲõĵڰʮ㣬ǰǡȫܿѧоԺᡯһд֡
ҫ磡ҫͷһԴһкš
Ѿͷô⣡ҫʵȻ֮ǰѾ˵ڴˣĶԵúãȻ
һأ㲻ȥԪôô⣿ʵ
ѽģҫڻص
֪ͨҵģ˵ǿѧԺĽԺʿԺʿͬǰιۣҾˣ΢΢һЦڻص
ҫ˵ͷ΢Цãһɣ
ȻһЦ˵ͷסҫĸ첲߽ڣҪĪĲšȫܿѧоԺᡯҲƵĿѧԺ
ĺôһָѰҫ򵽿ѧԺſ֮Լп֮ϣʵ
ֵ֮УѶϣ㶼˲֪ٱˡֻ˵ûʲôòõģбİ취Ҳǵ·ϾԼڲڱ˵Уκ˵һ˸еϲ£еֻʹޣǵ·߹ˣǵ·ҲҪȥ֮УһĻﴫ
䣬ǰһâռ䣬ֽűһɣռһŻһɢߣƷɰ߳ռѷ죬漴һУռѷʧ
׾ٵĶͺһ΢С£ʵأͽֻ˿ռ䣬֪ӺδǰҪǴ˳ȥʵŷĳЩΪߵľˡ
˵ĵҲǲŻƾţΪҲΨԺݵģҪǻǵеκһˣͰ;ˡ˵ʵڵģ㵽׵һʲôľˣҶ͸ˣҡҡͷ֮˸ڵ
ڵľôѾﵽǵĸ߶ˣֻҪƻ˳ôСһǣǵ·
ƷƽʱһֱɲģʱȴԵ쳣ɣ֮УһּΪԶʸУͺ̫̫࣬ãڳµĵ·֮УѾúƣˡ
ʵûʵ㹻ѹ࣬Ǻúø̸̸֣ҲǣЩѡˣϾǶᣬӦ··뵽ʲô˵
Ժеˣ֮ͨܣҪ˿ϳôǶԽǼ£ԻаٷְٵİգϾôҲֻ˵ʵ뾳磬ͬƷɲ
ͬʱҲƷƽŶеһƷɽύΪֵ֮ˣҲ˲ŶӣǵƷͻƣǵʬǶѷɳɻˡ
֪һжħжȹôôǾҪɱ׼µȥ֣Ҳа

ۣۣۣ
ҫ˫ĿŹڣѧԺڲĴ֮Увϵķ֮̾ܵĹԱֵ
Ҫ֪ҫݣ񽫻֣תɹЦˣھλս֮Ȼֻǹһϣҫ񶼵֮УǿǴﵽУ˲֪˲ĳ̶ȡ
֮Уûʵ巿ķָֻǷΪϰٸ͸䣬ÿʮƽСֿηɢܣּΪϸ
ÿ͸ڣɫĹԱڶǰ͵ĿƼݲ¼һпæң
ҫһûӽһ㣬סķ̾һԵһܶߺģҫ⣬ʾ΢һ㣬κΰҫƤ񣬸Ϊ̾ͣûǿ
ʵҲֲðҫӦô󣬾ҲǾֻ̾ͣ״̬Ƕǰʲô
սսװסսŹ͡ϡѹ׷ֽܵȫμǵȵȵȵȣĳ߿ƼֵðҫôķӦ
ʲôط񶼵ĿѧԺǽ߿ƼļеأκεһûһǸֹ̾̾ͣǼ¡
԰ҫľٶܵĹԱҲֻƳ˼֮󣬱㲻ȥǣΪǼˡ
ҪۿѧԺ񶼵ҪԣԺ˵֮ӵбȹ߳ǧĳ߿ƼΪѧԺĴڣûпѧԺûڵ񶼡
ڲ˹Ա⣬ǰְȥֱȼֱΪʵϰͨѧԱ߼ѧԱרҡѧʿԺʿѧ߸ְƵȼӵЩְƵжôҪбȽһˡ
ǧǰԭʼ磬һνĲʿѧλڣҲ͸ѧԺһͨѧԱԵȣҲ͸ոţԿʼоԼڵĿƼֵλöѡ
ҲˣѧԺĳɾҪʵױȣȻΪ˷ֹѧԺһҶҲԼİ취жƣԭġ
еģ͹ԹԵĸԼ¾ˣһжġжͽûͼ죬ͬʱֻжڵȨޣûжȨޣǱԪ׵ֱţֻԱԪһ˸ͬʲô£ҲɱԪɳĵԱе飬κβŶȨʹ
ν߸ĸ׵һһңһķ붯ң㷢ԭ벻ʱô㲻ԸˣᷭԳΪ
Ϊԣųɾŵڵõһ߳ɾ֮󣬶뷨Ҳ޿ɺǵģǽѧԺԳһ˵Ĳš
ΪǶûκȨޣȻ첻˷ûûô췴ǿһһĸоû߰˼
оԵȨޣȻҲǵģϾҲȨԼڣֻҪְ㹻߾оԵȨһҲ˾ʶˡ
ǿѧԺˣĴԣױȵĴڡ


ھʮ ҲǿϽͼֽ
λǰҫ٣ڰҫĴ߶Ħ֮ʱһۣòİ׷ϵڶ˵󣬿ѯʵ
ʶǰ껹ˣ˵ĸ֪Ȼȫûиоĳ֣ͺ񵱳ܷ˵ͻȻһ㣬Ҳ̫û˰ɡ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Ц˵Ǻãҽ޵£ǿѧԺĸ߼ѧԺ֮һԺʿԺʿѹʱˣɣ
ҫһЦ˵ͷĴ·£ֱõĴﻹһĴͨ
񶼿ѧԺôȻȥƼʮ㣬Ҳ٣ǺеСأһ·ܣԴһ˿ʵ뵽
ҫԵ򶨶ˣһ㿴ǴˣƼˮƽҲǶ֧񶼵ĿƼԣһʵеСˡ
λӦǵһѧԺɣʵʮֻѧԺһֶѣʮϾŲ㣬ȫڿѧԺڣ¥İʮ㵽ʮŲǿѧԺܲˣһֻݼĶѡ޵ƺеʿڽ͵
ǼҴҵ󰡣޵㻹ȻϢĽӽǣ˲¶డҫ΢΢һЦڳ޵
޵΢΢һ㶣漴ЦҫŪˣұ߱սֻһͨ˶ѣǾͨʿԵһأ
ôģ˵ϢĽǴɣԸôôҫΪʵ
˵ʵڵֲ֪˽ʵй˵ģΪ㲻֪ԷʲôʱߣǶԷȡ׼㶼ûعص飬ҫҪʸ
Ϊ·޵¹صָָԼϵĴɫװȥûʲôرͨװûʲôͬ
һ΢װЬӣڱ϶һӣĥ¡£쳣ܹ֮ͣԶ޸ҪԸҲ˵ҵκζƷ֡޵һԵõĿڻص
ҫûжеİǾûҲ˵ܶʱܹӵĿ٣ԼĦɵƷҲѹܲĽӽԼˡ
һ£߲ͣͷȴһãȻı飬ԵúܻԽһҫҲеİ
ʵǿѧԺֻǸжѣһЩ߿ƼĲƷȫԽһͨˣԸǾЩӢƥеĳ̶ȣǿƼǾ˶ǿԼıôǿѧԺͨǿԼﵽǳƽĳ̶ȣԳԽǡ޵´һԺɫ٩٩̸ƺΪԼڿѧԺе
Ҳпȡ֮أҫ
һ·ҫǳֿȭڣñĸ־ٲʤ٣ǹţëһ֣ôƣһЩıֻҪһ֣˵Уʤжս֮ʱӮ涼Ӻüɡ
ֿȭǳ㱾ʵѾڶԷŻƣĻƲԣҲΪʢеԵɣбʲôжܰһ㡣
˵ҲҪǳֿȭҰ޲ܻеӣҪôȻͻְȫģԼʵ쳣ţֿȭܱԼ
ҫأмľһ˫бַ޷ӣҫҲϲսʽоӦУˣҲʹ졣
ö֮ϰԺǱĬ֮£Ҳñ˺ܲðһ뷨Ա˵ܿЦ뷨Ǿǽ֮Լʵ溺Ϊ
⻰Ҫ˵ƻᱻᡢЦƶƤΪôΪģǳֿȭǽֻ֮ҪսʤԼĵˣʲôַǿȡ֮νĲмֻһظ뷨
Ȼ֮ǰĻҫӵ뷨һףֶпܣھһ֮󣬰ҫʼԭҲǿһ֣ڵĿƼ֮ǿֲʵ֮ľ޴ࡣ
ͱ˵ҫ֮⣬ķսӶӳ硣Ҫûһͷҫһֶֻܵһٸ
ɾսװסսԼ˹ǹЩƼĴڣ֮սֱһƽ״̬ǰҫһξȵĵط
ڶεľȣִжĸɱʱ籶ׯ԰УЩνϵлˣߣ
ȻʱҫսѹЩͻˣ˵ʵڹ߽ͻ˵ĸʵȷǲСƥйʥڵˣκҫĹҲֻ˵ǲˡ
ҫݻٵ࣬ӡȻ̣Ҳķ룬εľȣټ޵һεĽ֮٣ҫ뷨ʼıˣʼǿʵսʽ
ҫ磡ҪŶԼ·ʺϵ·սʽһһ̴ģֿȭʺսʽ˰ҫеǣڰο
ҫǵһЦ˵İɣû£ȻֿտգҺսʽҲͲ͸Ƥëѣ·أֻǾʲôķʽпȡ֮ġ
ǰеظˣΪԼĲõģһЩϵĶǾսĿľֻһǾսʤԷҫȭͷᶨĻص
һЦ˵ͷסҫ˫ԽĽҫͨһ㣬ҲǷ
޵µĴ£ҫ͵˵ڰʮ㣬һ㲻ʮǰ˿ƼһΪ޴ģгҡɢ̨ӦоУװθûʣȻ࣬Ǵװı־ϿԿӦڿѧԺڲ߲ľۻ֮
޵ڽ쵽һİ֮󣬱֮뿪ˣ˵λԺʿԸģҪðҫ˵õõĴҲ͵ðҫСЪϢ
ȵǿѧԺڶԺʿ֮һ档յλսܾʱսżҲڳҲó֮󣬶֮ģڱ¾в֮вʣʱľôȴԼֶȥȡȡ
һͬǰĻһļΪ׳˶Ĵ󺺣׿⣬ߴͣٴݸ㣬Ϊһֲŭĸо
΢Цڶǰ֮ʱҫͬʱ񣬿һ۴󺺣ֿһ΢Цͣ棬е΢Ĳ죬ʲô˼һɣ
λٳμ棬ǿѧԺԺʿ֮һ棬е°崺Цڿ
ȻԷЦȥƺܺƣеǹֵ̰ɫǱҫ˲䲶׽ˣҲǺް
Ժʿˣ֪ʲôأҫ˵ͷֱ⡣
ҫǸˬ˰Ҿͳ˵ʵҲʲô£ֻϣܹĽеоͼֽϽѧԺѡ


ھʮ ǿȣЦ
ҫֱӣֱӵżɽҲŤһھ˵ԼĿġ
ϽͼֽԺʿҰ׽Це󿩣˫Ŀ΢΢Ц
ҡҡͷŹǻЦЦôҿģʵ׽Ƕ񶼿ѧԺо󻮵һֹףһô׽أ
ĻôˡѴҫĻص
ҫ٣Ҫ죬ƳģֻҪ׿϶ѣľɲܴŶ浭Ƴ˰ҫһۣ֮дһΪеĸ̬߰־Ӹµҫֱü
֮Ըô޹˼ɵӲҫҲƾģǿѧԺٲÿһ㶼ǽ͸ѧԺˡ
οĳƼʹϣҫȻʵǿֻҪڣҲҫ٣˵Լ˾Ͱ״ˡ
ǰԼţʵ֮ǿԼҲڿҫλսļ¼Ӱ֮󣬴ҲԼʹѹ°ҫҲܴƽ֣ݲðҫ
ˣԺУҫֵܲ˺û˵أԼѹҫǱȻģҲЩǮŻ˵ʱԺ޹˼ɡ
ԺʿӦûа׳Ե仰ɣҫĻҵ˼΢΢һЦڻص
񶼵ĹأƵĿƼҪϽѧԺͬһоɲŶ٣һּΪŵ΢Цص
ԺʿǹصĻҵͼֽͱ񶼵ĹϵͳȨǿƴ䵽ǿѧԺˣҪԸ˵ôƭ˵˵ǣƺ̫ŶЦصһ仰ֱӴĻԡ
Ȼѩô٣ĲϽͼֽ
˫Ŀ΢΢ԽһԵĴҲǽֱȻ£ȭҫǲö˵ֻҪԷѣʲôزأᵽ˵ֳգʼý
ǲֻĽ˰֣һ޿ֵЦ
Ǿ˵˵ɣҲ˿ڣһϾ¾ȣԼǲƵ̫ȻĻôǻɳԼȥɵЩ£ĲУӲġ
ҪӵרȨнĸоԼµзͺţҪͨҵרȨܽоҲ˵еһˣҪоԵ֪ȨȨֽ棬˫棬Ǹ߸𣬿Լ
һ䣬涸Ȼһ㶣漴ЦЦţͺϣЦЦͲûشˣ·Ц쿪
ҫҲգôǰЦ󺺣һЦݡ
ҵĻôЦôԺʿϣûһ㣬ΪҿǺ˵ԼŶЦȥӦҵҲύŶֿ̬ϣһƵЦݡ
Ǻǣ٣ȷô㶼˵ڣˣ̫ˣҾͰѻ˰ɣⱩеͼֽǷǽɣ˵ⱲЦЦ
û˵ķ֣ѾͷҺĸ̸㻹קˣëѾͷһƯͲһˣʲôְɣЦ棬Խ˵ԽأԽԽҫҲԽ׺ݱģ⻰е˼Բ޷ҲǿȰҫͼֽ˫ַϡ
ҫʮʱѾڼй۲ˣֿտգҲûͬʹʵԼгƼ֣ʵǿͬѾҫΪ׵ĸȫԼ֣Ȼǿʲô
滰֮ʣߴ׳һóеƽ壬ʲôĶϣǩ
ĿһƲƽдһ仰ԸϽйرеսͼֽϸԼ󱩷езȨǩһ
ҲǩأЦǸ޿ֵģֱü
ûǩ˵ĺã˶һ治Ķ㶯أͷҾͷǳܵƤ֮ˣɭȻһЦָؽڣһƵֱưҫȥ
ҿô
ҫָָԼԵеЦá̬·ǰˣֻСһ㣬ԼˣɷֺвҲԽԽŭԽԽ𣬿ʼ𽥵ʧȥǵԭ
ҫ٣ʵҲ֪һʵɲֵôֺһ֪Լ֪ǶôĿɱЦа󺺣սʮЦ
ԺʿҲǩѵҪǿȲɣ¥ǽ㲻˰ɣҪǶ֣ǶԹصĹȻƣɱû˵ҷӦ³ЦԽȻͣȻֻһֱҪ㶢ſһӣһͻеһ˼Ƥըļ¸С
Ҳ֪ǴǱʲôԭܸоĻ˵ʲôԼĻƵģ֮ʲôıڡ
ԼܲһʲôıƣȻĻ̫ϣҲûϸ룬ֻǽ֮٣ԼԽķ
㲻Ҫѣ뵽ˣҽ֮ǰһе˶ѾȰˣĸѾûе˴ڣ¥Ѿ׻˽˸ȥʲôҲ׻޸ϵͳѾͼȡ
Ĳκ֪ڸʲôڽҪͷŻϵиҪĻڿɲӴԲҰѼʱ˵һͷǶԲ𰡣
ôڣҲֹҪͼֽˣëѾͷ˵ʵڵ㻹мɫͰģȻҪһģ£Ҳᳵ·ѽ
ԽԽ񣬴һʰĸоʱǴע⣬ͬʱҲֻͼֽôˣˡơհ
ЦŵĻ޷찡Ժʿо仰ɻҫ磬ոյĻŶκ֪ڸʲôأͻȻЦЦͻȻһ㶣ʶУмƵĸоǣԼռƣҫֻƣQ£Ҫв֮ʱȴǶһëȻЦݡ
仰þˣֻ棬QҲˣԿǻû˸ΣѰΣҪǲǴʺҰҫգ
ҫɭȻЦݣ밢һӶûа취ǣһǶڽУֻҪجΣͻЦݣһǱ۳ͻḡԺеЦݣһǻɪɪЦݡ
ҫЦЦĺȻ


һ Ĵʺˣñ侧װ
ҫһ̧ǰһף׿⣬شϰٹĽڿն԰ҫ˵һŰֽز˶٣һָܶ˵ˡ
ŽڰҫǾ˵£һڵֱ׵ľ
üͷһƣҫƼң֮ǰ壬һ˲е㱣ӦʱѾǰֵľˡ
ķӦķӦɲһ̤ǰ̧ǰһ棬֮ǰһٶȵɶء
ҫ΢΢һ㶣һʵأ˲˫ֽ棬ָһۣһĻ밢е㲻̫Լ۾
ҫʮָƸֱ꣬ӽĵ洩͸Ȼ˫һ˦˺ѵ쳣̶ҫ˺Ʋһ㣬˺ڡ
һĻӾ˼侪ˣ˲סˣԼһĴǾǵ͹˰ҫʵǾ仰ۼһΪʵʵڣҫʵе㳬֮⡣
ôԼһУûһ֪ԼһʲôԼǷԸأ𰸺ܿܽ
Ҳˣ˺ҲҪҫ׾ٵ˺ĺʮϣⲻǿĵģʵĵģٶ๫أ˱˵˺ˣ̧̧ڰҫ߷ɽʱܸоҫʵ֮ǿ²Լ֮¡
ɵҫ˺֮󣬰оɲǲԼ֮µʵеп֣пŵհжϣҪֱ˺˼ʵģҪﵽϣᡣ
ʵȵĻֹڴˣҫ˺֮һģӰ֮ǰʧˣֻգ۵Ĺ򣬰ҫǰ
ҫһ̧ȷննǰʱǹɾ˵Ⱦֱӽˣ߷ɳ⣬ײǽ֮ʮײסΡ
ұۣǹɾʹĸоһ죬ֻһ֮ǳʶ˴֮Ĳ࣬ҫֲľʵԳܡ
ոţôøһ㣬ҪսҫֿѵǽȱڣƳŰ˰ڣζʮ㡣
мĿűһ߷ɵеİհҫĹƣʵӦԼȫԵ¶Է̫١
ڰҫ棬˫ĵķڱ󣬽ϵһתҫ»ָ򶨣һĻһԵС
ؿǰҧгݵĿŲԶİҫ𾪲ѣСǸ͹̫ˣɱȼ¼Ӱпǿֹɶ񣡡
ôɣҫȻһЦһԾ֮УŰȥûһһ֣֮£Űҫÿһ̤ѹϢƣѾʼ
ҫߵҫǰһ֮ʱ˵Ѿɽ㲻ɺӭѹ֮£Ǹߴ׳˲Сǲʼ΢΢Ĳ
һڣҫѹȸʵ̫ǿǰҫǰԼɰҫĻôԼһᶼûˣǣֻӲͷƤͺһȭ
һȭٶ˵첻죬ǿҫѹ᲻ϾȭľԼƽʱɵ״̬磬һȭͨ˶Կǿ;ףǶ԰ҫ˵ʵ̫඼Ʋϣȫûһ˿вС
ǰſſȭ磬ҫҡҡͷһƫֿ磬ǯһץסȭ˳һšֱŤתǽڱĸڶ˲ʹϵ亹ͣĵʹ졣
ҫһе֣ҲͣЪȭ˳ƺֱţһȭƥҫɴİðǣͷĿѣ
ڶȭͺ䰢ظ֮䣬һȭͬǧİһֻϺףθںƷŻͣθϿˮڶòǱ
¡
ɤƮڰĶߣһ˲䣬һǺţײڰϥǺؽڣԵ£ϱƥľֱӽؽڼϥ飬˵Ļһ㣬ڵء
գ۶磬ķֺ˲߽Ⱒսҫ˫ָһ߸ϵһ㣬ӹڵصİߴ߹
û취˴֮ʵʵ̫ԭŵѹ°ҫİʱһʹ֮£ʶԼ֮ǰ棬԰ҫʵ˵ҪɱĲҪʲôʱѾʼûɢ־塣
˵ѾʲôĪ׻˸ˣ˷һУôǲǿôΪɱ㣬Ҳ˷ֿ
ҫִڰļϣ˵񹴻˲亮ëըĿֲĴԣеĿ־壬ͣȱҫѹʱҪҡ
֮ʣ˵ɱ⣬ȫͷûУһ֮߻ɫȾ͸˿ɣҺ
ֱĿ־ҫɱıȣȻҫŵʺҫԳУİʺˣĻ֮ǰǰˣѵȻ޴棬Ǳ׼ȷӦ޴Ŷԡ
İɣܿģһӾ͹ȥˣҫȰοͫ׼С֮˺ѷεľʹ
ҫץļȭʳָؽ͹˳ƺ缲磬籩ףͺڰļ֮ϣǽڱѵޱȣѻʲôĺԱһɣɿǶϿĽڡ
ҫʵȫѹȻԷҲǿ˼ʣҫʵѾֻǿ˼ĳ̶ˣڵѹƵֻʮϵͻƣǱȻ˿˼ķ룬˳˼ĵز
˼˼пɱôȫûУ˼뵽˼͸èһ㣬ʲôʱɱ㶼УϷˣһ˵֮ܶڡ
ҫץס죬ʬһƹһ㣬׵Ķǽİڣ׼ĻĽűߣҫһһ󣬻صڣһ棬Цôأ
Ȼһĳ̣֮ǰ֤ҫʵĻҸȫԽ°ʬȫΪֻǵһϷʵĹƣƺѰҫ
ҫ磡Сģ棬ز¶пƼôϢ˵ҫҲǿ
ҫ٣òϣʵҴ۽磬ֻʵôȰ㻹ǷĺãûʤģЦûֵ֣ı·ʤȯһ㡣
ıᣬ¯аڽӵİʾ֮󣬰ҫҲҴ⣬һץסϱȱڣ΢΢ֱӰһһƽ׵ǽ飬ݶ档
ǽһĻҫͬʱˣǰһ״һƬƬ͸Ƭһϣǽʯӣ֮ǾƬȫع鵽һ۵ı棬ȥΡ
ҫ٣٣Ƕ¡ؽһ£ҵĵ֮ñ侧װ
ҫһۣͨЦпԸоԷ뷨Ǵ㣬ҪҪһΣˡ


һһ ˹ܣȱݣ
䣡
һԾı죬ɢڵһа贵ɣҫ˵ɳʮ׿⣬;ײ˲֪ټҾ߰衣
ҫסʱϵĻҳɫɵĿǰʮ׿棬ɵһȭȥޱȣԼ˵ȫԳܡ
ûûʱ棬ѧԺԺʿ֮һʵͨûʲôͬˣνĻñ侧װ֮Ѱҫˡ
ʹҲֻڰҫ֪ϸ£ܳ䲻һҫ붼Ҫ롣
ʵʵĽҫɣ˫տʼ̽Զսڣҫ˵ȫռƣѹŴ򣬵Ȼƾһ㣬ô͸õ֤ñ侧װĿֲ
ڰҫӴһ˲䣬װ֮һʱֱӷģ˰ҫۺʵ漴ֱӸƳҫͬǿȵҲ˵װƶ½һǿҫƽĳ̶ȡ
ôͿԵóһȽϾ˵ˣװӵ˹ܵġ
ʱգ˹ϵͳѾǧǰϹ粢δǰǰңɼڵ񶼵ĿƼˮ׼˵˹ѾʲôӰС˵вŻֵĿƼ
ǿԣڿѧԺѧҵĺƶ˹ܵƣ˵׾٣ҲʲôѹҪˣκӵרҼְƵоԱֻܿԼ˹ܡ
˹ܵãУҲѾżʣǾԼʮָӹٵؼȨϵĸ߲ǣ˹ܸŶصԼš
רķ˹ţ׻䡢ȸվӦ½죬ĲԼ񶼶ָӲ˹ܣţء
˹һϣѧԺоԱᳵ·Ӧ֣иͻƣǾ˹ܡ
Ҫ˹ܼ΢ֻıԭӴСʮ֮һĺ״С̶ȣɲʲô˶ģڿѧԺֻӵԺʿƺŵоԱƶһԺʿƳɹҪԺʿеĶ˲š
òϣѣ䱾ĿƼзֶΣмˢӣҲǳɹ΢żԼר˹ܣţѣ̫Ŵ˵У̰ޡС״Сĳ̶ȡ
е߽ñ侧װ˹ֻܺ˵绢װûй̶̬ǧöξƬƴɵǷ㡣
ĲͨRTϽ΢ӣзֽ⣬ıԭӽṹ㣬֮ٽ飬ʹӵ͸ԼΪıʣͬʱÿһƬǾƬܶȶǸߵէ࣬䱾ļ̶̳ȼ产ˡ
ھһϵеĲ֮ñ侧װ߷Դﵽֿ۱ըĳ̶ȣ൱ӵ׸ߵʵ߻ǳ˼ʵߣȫٴڶַίʵޱȡ
⻹ֻǻñװķ乥ܴͨﵽǿĶ̶ȿԴﵽĽ׸ߵʵߵȫһȻҲ㹻̬ˡ
Ҳѹ֮ǰǰ޿֣ҫֺܽɣӵװļӳ֣ΪҫѾȫԼУͱ
֪ôñ侧װҵ߽һʱ죬ȫܵģģڲúĽȫȡսװף֣񶼵ʷᡣ
װ۷ǽ΢˹صģڵһʱҳ㹥ͬʱ֮һڼķ̬иɻѽҲκδˣ
Ǹ̫˷ˣеˣϾܳƷʵ̫ø֪ˡôҫ٣㽫һܺõɳأһɭȻЦеĿȣʵëȻ
װǿţԼҫʱȻҫܹһֻһ㣬ôװļӳ£Ҳͬķʽҫڵ˵Ųɡ
ϲķԼĽ֮ܳҫһֱֳһֵȻɵɫ
ֻһԹսûвֵĴ㣬Ϊ˻ñ侧װȱݣҲѾô˰ҫҫҲᣬͬ
ҫһɫкǷУҲ֪ǶʲôصܹΪʤڹŪ飬쳣ŭ
ԺʿĻñ侧װȷ似ǣʵ̫˷ˣеﾡã㲻ӲеȱݣһΣϺķ̵
Ǹ߸ϵĲм̬ʵըķΣԴĻʲôǿԣŭĿӵͬʱһаЦݣڵߣͷڴʴʡİɣ٣ɱС֮󣬾ֵˣ֮ǰһȺúһ壬ߵûźģ
İɣҴֽ֮󣬻֮ǰժ϶ߵûźģ
ҫɭɤƮȻعͷʱһ󻺶ĺͷһҫڰźת˲ѱ嵽ǰȭ˳ƺ񱩵ľտʼ̽ǿ˰ٱֱֹӶȥ
˹ܵԶ£Ҳͬһȭ˫ͬʱ׺һȭ˫ȭ֮£ɵشһأǿľ˶˴˵ȭ俪ʮ֮Զ
ҫһЦĿԶµ棬ŤŤȻеʹǶڰҫ˵̶֥ССʹһ£һ̤ٴγ档
ʱ棬ƶСĺ鲻ͣĴϻ䣬ؽҧŤĽĤ·ѿһʹޱȣĴ̼ʹ񾭡
ʵ벻ͨԻñ侧װļ̶̳ȣӦúǣΪʲôƣš
ñ侧װȷҼǿĹһû֮һϣȴȱݣ䲻
֮ʱҫѾɲǼ䣬嵽ǰ˫һаٱһ㣬֮ڣȭ۵糸ɽǿ·һǽһȭӰѹȥ
ıʵ˵ˣӦϣװȴˣ˹˲ĽǣñȰҫҪǿǿƳҫȭơ
ǣ˹ܶװĵ£òҫȭȭҫжԺ䣬汾ȴ˵ĲҺʹı飬ƺܼһ㣬ޱȣĹȷѹס˰ҫĹѽΪʲôҺķأ
һԺ䣬ȭٶԽԽ죬ͬʱɱҺǻص֮ڣԽԽ֮ơȭٸǹҫ֮󣬰ҫһ֮ϰȭٴαݺݺɳʮס
ǰҫµŤŤͺ֮ǰȭڸĦһȫʹ˫ȴ̱Ĵ£ֱðµı飬·ĬĬʲô˵ʹƵģ˺Ƿѽ⡣
ҫŤŤӣƳһ棬Ц˫ۼ񾭣ԼĤѾȫ˺˰ɣ˵ȱˣûа취ȥּҵĹķĹķ㶼ɲ̫ѽ


һ 죡ˣ
ҫĻνһѪͨ˵ʣҪҫսǾͱҪﵽһʵ̶ȣͨñ侧װ˹ܵǿս޷໥á
ҫʵֻǴﵽ̽ʱĳ̶ȣ滹ǿӦҫʵôȫûа취ȥˡ
ñ侧װ˹ǵĴȷ޷죬ϧǣ˹ܵأȫԵģҲģҲ˵׼ڼū棬ڿͱȽϱˡ
ΪƵ˹ܣҲ˵˹ֱȡ汾սֻһװý飬ҫսֻѡ
Ҳ˵˹ܿŻñ侧װս˹ֻᰴװۺзԱȣȡĹǰ汾˵ȥţ˵˹ֱӺԷ뷴ĸ
ڻñ侧װÿһƬƬϣһ͵Ļϵͳ׼ļӳ֣ʹ㣬Լʣܸɲ໥ԣӶȱݵĴڡ
ҫ֮Ŵǿ䲻װΪװʺϵѡǰҫˣǿ̶ȣν໥ԣνķνĳܷǸЦ
ҫҪ˹ܵĴڣֱӽñ侧װ˵ʶӾ͹ˣɲֿеְߣ䱾սۺʵȫûȵģ˹ܵĴڣ԰ҫ˵Եüˡ
ôʱˣ˫۴Ӽ⵽Ѿ֮ǰս˾ųɾţֻҪҫǿȽô˫۽˹ܵĴ£ǹɷ˺Ƭ˭ûܣûɣȫǾȡ
ʱ˿̵ľѾԵҪôƾҫǿսȫ޷ȫ
ҫҲ˵֮ĳ̶ȣЦ˼ֲǰÿģȫԵ̶ȡ
Ҫôر׼Լȥڰҫսôıˣᱻҫ˲ɱһǾþսǿߣһǸеʿ˴˽ⲫǽö˵ô
侲侲棬ﻢˣû뵽ñ侧װ˹ܵĽϻȱݣ֪ĻҾӦټϼϵͳԶ̹ϵͳӣһҵҲֱӳɼ˵ʹҲ˲޸壬Ӧһ뵽ġ
еǧ֪ôڣΪʱ
һϻñ侧װ˹ܽսƽʱܻ˽ģԣܻûʹģҾǻ˵ıǿ
Դֻװ밢ʲô߿ƼһûҲǱ̶ֳȡ
氵˼һ£Űҫڵ֪ڵľѾûа취ʰҲ޴Դð˶λͼֽҲҪˣµҲˣɰ취ڸǣǾ͵ûзô
Цҫ΢΢漴ЦǿЦ̬Ͳûشˣ֮ǰĿ̬Ҳй֮޲
ɴֱ࣬ɱ㣬ͬҲԵûѽҫ̵ֲı飬ɭȻЦ
ɱңڸǲסʱҲҪҵĺ󳾣ǿѧԺԺʿ֮һԻӣôݺݵҧҧû˲ԼҲ£ŰҫҧסԼţҲֻܸŷ翹һء
ҫûڣȵʵҲǲԣֻҪԺʿӦһһǿԵûз
˵˵һصƱǿòͷôԽܣ浹Ըһء
ҵ֮ǰѾ˵ˣǶԱеľȨӦˡҫأĻһԼȫܹܣһѣҲûʲô˵ģھͿҫˡ
ҫ٣֮ǰģʴһأ˫۾飬ʹѵҲǳͽˣ鰡ŰҫǿЦԼ̬ŵͣʵҲòôȥ
ߣҵܼ򵥣ҪĻñ侧װҪҵ¸ҫЦ
ܣ˫Ŀһɣ쳣Ļؾ
ȻװȱݣǣֻҪԼһȱݾԲڣʱװﵽĳ̶ȣҪԼװˣͬ⡣
ûʲô̸ˣҫ磬ְɣһ
Чͣ
ҫĳɭһЦǰֲɱ˸εѵɷѹʼ
ɱɷĽ£вʵڹˣ˫ȶɸվվȣ忪ʼ΢ҡֱĿ־壬¡
ҫҪôɱװ棬ʵܼ򵥣ػ÷汾ˣֻ߿ǹ޷ɵķǾˣ׹ÿӳԷ
ĲƺҪɱңҵݰɱǵ³Ҹң˵ûǣȷҪôôɫĿ
̫˵˫ۣ۵û쭳ǣôʹɽŰҫţҫвȫ˫ϵʹȵġ
йҵҪԼҪһ֮Ҫҫ䣬ұ۸߸̧ԭ޴ȭͷУ·һֻѪڵĲޣֻҪҫȭͷһ䣬־޾ͻ̼յ
ݺݵҧҧûҧ飬һᣬͷһ̧һı飬ߺ޵ģҲһҪɱɱɣᣬҲ֪ˣҪҽװŶûУҲ룡
ãһӲɣҪʶôã治֪㻹ôӲһ棬ҫΪƷУװҲҪ˵ģ
һصڿտĴ֮Уҫȭͷˣ΢΢һ֮üЦһãȻĿҫƺʵʣ˵˭
һ˫ͫһ㣬ҵ̱ڵϣĻ֮ǰǰӲƺȥ꣬еĵֿʧ١
ˣˣǧһɢˣʧǵ
еĻеӣˣҫüЦԭҲͬΪǰԴĹ졣
˭˭񶼵쵼ߣԪסĽУһ


һ ļ뱾ϵƽ⣡
ˣˣأ
ڰҫ»عˣҪѰټʱڰҫǰĲԶһӰϢĳ֡
һϯ۸עĿͷƳһĺ췢ɫ˫ͫ˵ɣ㿡ʵòŵ΢ЦӰڸǲסǾµƣĵ̳Ϊ˵Ľ㡣
ȸҵţһֵ㣡Ƴһ̱ڵص棬˵߻һ£ͷֹҴһ£ƨҷš
ҫתתڣȴֱֹߵǰһָĪЦݣڵ
ʶĵ˵ͷڵԪ״˰ɣ
Ѿͷһֱйע㣬СѾͷֵĻûﶪЦ
ü΢ѯʵԪ״ˣʶҸĸ
ˣҲԪ״ǰԪ״˺ģֱŤģҽ㸸ĸ鳤꣬ͽһɣȻðɣ
ŴĿ⿴ҫ֪ĲȰҫ٣ʵ;ּģҲмǧˣϾٵģ񶼵ʷǧء
һаãǰͻƣѾˣٲȻһЦȻݺܺ棬ϵѾʶĽ续˸ȺţеҲǽ
Цݸͷ˿ҫ˵СŮѱˣѧŵ㣡ҫҲʼ磬ֵıȽϲΪȻ
ҲͻôǰٺòСѾͷȥ֮󣬼ǵýҵĶ˫ַϣҪҵȥҪȻǺܶŶŹֵЦ
һģʵ壬ʲôˣ
ʲôͱˣǶһ֣׳ԼһͻƵӶѹһͷұһ꣬һЦ
ת䲻ν죬ոջһ˵̸ֹ˲תƤЦСҫޱȺգѵЩ߶ôУҪ׽ԼԺҲô
ˣȥô˵Ȼ׵ģμ棬ҲӦø񡣡
̧һָĶͷɢһº˳ĳɫââɢȥ֮ϲ뵥ϥأϥȴһᾢסȥֻܱȭ񣬹˵лǰ裬м
ôҪǱ֪ˣƴģǼһĳƢֲǲ֪ʵⶫҵСʱģʱдãˣ㵹ﾡãúʹðɣĺôӦòСϾֿ֮ŮҲ̫˲ǡһƵЦ˰֣תȥ
ҫߣһʵǰʲôķӦӦǼ˲Ķɣ
壬ҵڡһ˷֮ɫ˲֪ԼжҪʵϲ֡
ŶʲôãҫǾ̾һ漴һãȻɦɦͷûĺһۣڵһ汦治֮УûйԼ֮ܣ䱾ĸ֮ܣй֮޲
ֻҪ뵤֮УͿԴﵽѭ򽥽ķʽǿʣа֣黤ҪĻǣƽ˪¹ʡ
彲ƽ⣬ıϱҪУﵽѭĳ̶ȣֻڹķʱĳЩԵ÷ǻ΢ƽ⣬ܶʱڿʲôʱ䳤ֻаٺһ
˪Ǽ֮ڻʲôԼԼܸоÿιϵᵼұʵƽⱻƣʢ˥Ľ
ټǧǵĴ߻ҵĹĺܿ죬̫ˣƽĹɼٱƣȥͻƵھ ҲԶﵽ£Ӽ
ǵھ кܴĿԣڵļºߣ޷Կ𺦽ֻᱩж
飬ôҾҲõˣ鱾º͵Ĵܹ֮޸ҵ屾ʣʹƽһܸǧǣǣƣ»صƽıʣպıӼҲô쿪ˡ
ͨĽͣҫеİأ˵þƽ屾ʵʧʹĹ鷳
һڳ˼İҫ΢ǵ˵ʵҫҲأ񹦵Ǽ֮ҫѾﵽ˰ĹѾʼǱĬӰıˣҪѰһִԵ汦ƽأ
ҫܲΪȻƲƲ죬ĵǲ޵Ҳ֪ҫҲû̫ϣڵʲôֱӽ˪ͺôǼ֮Ǽ֮һ
ҫƤЦһ˫أֵСһ죬˰ҫһۣûĿڵԵģҪѡ֮ĹУȥ֮뼫֮࣬ǲ֮ǧ뺮ڱȫָͬϣҪ˪ᵼԳ壬ңɷ˵ŶԱǼ֮ĹУ
ҫ˵ͷ߶ż֮ĸ֣ͻȻĹķУõ׾澭£ԪֱӻΪִַڰҫУûֹħķ
ڰҫ̸һȻӸµĿһʧ棬̾Ϣһεҡҡͷڵ氡棬о仰Ӧ̿ˡɻԼǲԹҲԹأ
Ԫ״ˣȱͷŹһذɣҲһʱ̰Ż飬Ԫ״ˣ뿴ҵΪô๱׵ķϣһذɣұ֤ٷˣűߣµ˵ӾһֱҡβĹǲ
ףҪǿҵĹףһٻˣΪЩҶ֪ôǺӾȻ֪ܵҶΪе㻹˼ᵱ꣡һŭݵȵһɸֵζҫ֪ԵɣҲʣԹԵվԭأΪ
Ԫ״ˣػʹǰǣˣԪ״ˣǱŷˣһ϶ˣһ߿ͷһ߷ɽűᣬϸǲͣģΪĿ⡣
ˣҶӷڸѡ񣬵һԱ㣬ڸ඼Ҫ㰴һ㣬λãһȡҲһ仰£
ڶӽԺҫǲһ㶼Ҫӣж֧䣬ҾĹڣʼѡɣ
͹ƵĹڵϣϲĿڻصѡ
Сʱ󣬽˻˵ڰʮ㣬ƿӴҫĺ䷿ţÿٸҫ衣
̬֮ǫ֮ᣬ̷֮ͣһ㣬ʶΪǲǳԴҩˡ
ҫһЦЦ


һ ɽˣYT003ᣡ
Ժʿ񶼿ѧԺԺʿ֮һȫ˹񶼿ѧԺеԺʿϰΪ˺滮Ϊ߼붥
ԺʿְƣʮԺʿμļ֮һڶԺʿҲĩβĲΣҪм滹˽üΡ
ԵĽǶ˵ֻ޿ݣͷ˿ָ׸ǣ޲չֳŮе״̬Լһضõľˡ
پ续𷢱۴һּӾУȷƤʤѩ˸һ崺ĵУһ۹޷˼ҹ벻¡
ΣǸְҵװħĳеĸѪڣǸı飬ǵͷԣӵֵĺ׷ߡ
߲У߳ɵĳԣ˰Ľ֮顣ÿǵ飬һGңǲ˵ˣרܻˣÿ춼ҪһĶλ
ÿĹ֮һ°֮󣬵ļ򣬽Щ֪ν飬ͳͳɾһɶԸܻˣȥӹл죬
ˣ׷ȻӸ߲£Щѡ˶ݵķֻҪһıˣǹ͵İĽ棬ȼգٴμ׷ߴУսӵǿȵ׷֮һ
ڽУʵֻйֻо̸˵˵ȫͰһöûУǸʱ䣬ԸʵоʵԼͷϵоĿ̸˵Ķɣ߲֮Ҳһɽ˵ĳƺš
λɽɫĿǰ棬ĵĸŰҫ˶˲ˮ£ԹԵվڰҫߣһü˳ۺưҫ˵ǫģ
һôôŹ֣ƽʱ뵽ʱ˿̵ƽ칲أֱһòİһ㣬ҲһͷˮȻеİҲֻ˲֪
Ҳǫôʱ治ңѡ֮Ǻԥû˿ǵѡ˵ڶҫʹܱԼûĺá
Ǽñ侧װ͸ˣȻ뱣סֻܰհҫ趨¸֮˫ַˣװ͸ҫļˣȻ֪ʲôջɡ
ҫָлģ淢Ӳװҫܹٷ֮ٵķӣ䱾ѾԳǹһȫǣͬʱǿֱΪҫġ
ǳϿҵĴӦĸѡ֮һ£ҫֻһɵŨ˷ɢڼƵ׻˿ʼ
׻ǹĵطһȫָʼ״̬ЩײǽԼܵ𻵵ۿɼĳ̶Ƚиԭڷŵλãҫһʱֺ
ڰʬ壬ھ׻˵ĸ֮󣬾Ȼǳһһʧͺ׻һ㣬ʲôûʣ£İҫޱȣ£ɷʽʧоܹѡ
׻ֺУִеޣȷߺĸԭҫ۽磬΢׼ĻˣִϾܻƥеģҲǿѧԺļ־֮һ
ˣһ֮һжһҲʲôرĵطⲻ֪ڰͷǰﱬһһͼֽѪ
Դֹ˼棬ֽĿתҫһתڵԺʿ̫ˣҲûеȶأڱеͼֽȨҪЩĳȫأ
涸Ȼһ㶣̲˽ɫ֪ԼӦһ㣬ùýµʲôԼ޹ҲˣҪٴǣҫǸϲŭ޳Ԫ״ˣɲԼùӳԡ
˲񣬹΢Цͷҫ£ƺ氤̫һŵӣһڽһͷ
ҫ٣٣Ǻãҽн˹ҽͺˣܱǸҳٵˣ֮ǰһҪĻ飬ʵǳ鲻ʮֱǸ˵ŵǸĻǸͲҹάˣͺ沿Ӳ룬˭Ƿ򲻻Ƶģޱ顣
Ժʿμ棬ã֪νҸҫʲôأйرͼֽĹȨĻô֮ǰѾԺʿɹʶˣ΢ЦصºͣнڣγĶԱȣһһȡ
ǴɹʶˣһƲ棬΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
Ƹϵƽ۾ƽˮı飬дĸ֣ԵúĮ·νıͼֽȫȤƺⲢҫҪĿġ
ܴɹʶٺòǵ飬޹أҲʡλ飬ϣλæҲԣӦҫٰæŶԣ۾˫̱ʯһĿҫ
ңܰʲôҫܲɦɦףָָԼʵ
ţ֪ϵʲôôָָҫϵʵ
YT002ᣬѹҵﵽٷ֮ʮĳ̶ȣҵֻȫʢʱڵʮ֮һҫڻص˵ͷ΢Цͣ˲Ŀɿڴ
ôˣʲô⣿仰ǳʵıеˡ
ûʲôҫپȻ˫ᣬڵĹУԼʷϣǼΪϡأҫڹУӦ˲ǿ߰ɣǿջЦķеĻֻජ˼˵ͷ
ԺʿˣڹУҫֻһСɫѣȰҫǿʤҫŲأҫ΢΢һЦһ˿ζЦݣЦ
Ǻǣôҫ̫ǫˣǺǣһЦе㲻ȻĻصͷѾʼһϸܵĺ顣
YT002ᣬֻȫʢʱʮ֮һǸʲôҫг˼۷
濴ҫ˫ϵһһֻ֮󣬿˵亹ˣ֮ǰ̫ûע⵽һ㣬ʱע⵽ҫϵ˫ᣬǱĲС
ʱ˿̵棬ںȻţҫϵ˫ᶼ⿪ˣôȫװԼսأһУУƲҪôãԼ¾ͻᱻˣΪԼһ亹
Ȼҫ֪YT002ᣬôͺðˣҲʲôϸĽˣ˵ҫҲһ£ոƳɹYT003ᣡ˵
һ䣬˫ʶսȴԵİҫְסҫÿɷЦЦڵYT003ô˵˵ǿԽ˼ѹƵֻаٷ֮һĳ̶ȣҲ൱ڳ˼ˮƽԺʿҲ֮󣬾ͲˣֱӻϵYT002ĳYT003ô
ŪˣֻǲԶѣҸոҿǸᣬģָӹѾ˹ʶڲҫڿԲôᣬ쿪ʼЧ۾ڻص



һ Ҫʵ
ͬҲñʲô˼ϹŽĵʮ˵ˣ񶼵ıҪ޶ȵһ߸ɱۣҿôҫüѯʵ
ⲻҵ£ֻǸеģ²ҵĿ֮ڣ֮ԸЩҲֻҴѣʲôʣԼȥǰɣһĻص
˿Ƽоκ¶ȤҲֻһרעһϣﵽôߵĳɾͰɡ
˵ָӻϵңҫ׷ʵ
䵭ı飬һЩ仯Ǿü۾֮󣬴һ˿õĿڵЩ޹ؽҪ¾ͲҪٶϻˣǻϵģ£ԸYT003Ĳô
Ļ溹ޱȣѧԺҲֻŻὫȨ޽ԪףӵгصȼȨ޵ָӹٵ£޹ؽҪĸ֣
Ϊпŵһκ¶ҪͷϵоûȫԪ룬᲻мһ˰ɡ
ðɣҺæҫеĲһڴӦ£Ҳüͷչ˵ͷҫĻӦ鲻֮ǰô졣
ǺðɣƷҵʵڰʮŲ㣬ѧԺʵ˵һеıҪȥ
ҫһЦжܿ˴˼ΣǰԺʿǿˣԸʹȻȻһʱе㲻̫ܽܣҲС
ðɣȥɣҾͲȥˣȥ׼һ¹ڱȨ֤лñ侧װҲЩµ뷨ȥĽһ£ЦЦһ˫ص˵ҫҲǳŶԷ˵ͷЩ飬ҲͲҪϸ˵ˡ
ֻǽȴƳһۣ̲ĻصҲû˼ȥæİɣ
汻ҭ˵ֻʼ磬˰֣ԭزҫнˣ뿪䣬Ǵͨȥ
뿪֮һ裬ӶһǳСɵԲν֮ʱſ˼ۣҧ˵ڶǳɣش󣬲񶼻죬ȥҪ֪Ҳʲô˶ģ
潫ԲνУеĳ֮ɫʵһŨԼˣвһµˣжǺǵˡ
⵱вֻǰҫ˶ѣЩƽ߸ϵԺʿǣЩȨ޳ԼԼмһ˵ˣǲ̬˼άֱǣ񶼡
ôħһ˼߶£潫һЩıһУҪ£ʵ޷ԤϣǣȻ춯ء
ʮŲ㣬ŰҫѧԺҪһ㣬һǿѧԺӵԺʿְоԱרʵҡ
ÿһʵڵ񶼵߻ܣ䱣ܴʩ밲ȫʩߵףȫ񶼵һˮ׼й֮
ݷֽת֣Լ׷򣬾ֱӳ˼¯ǿߵĴڣ˵ɱֵȼǿߣںͯһס
ķϵͳʮ֮࣬ġġʵġϵӦоУÿһߵɱܽŵľ͸ǿķϵͳռڵϵͳ
ٲõ¥˵һķˮ׼ڵĵһٲ֮һһٲûκεķϵͳڣΪ˾ǿķϵͳӹɡ
һĽṹǳ򵥣ʮĻװζԣ򵥵Ĳټ򵥣һĽƷһĿǰȫ֪ɫǣûһ˿϶Ĵڡ
Ͽ¾ǵļƺû̫𣬽ṹҲƵĺܣķĽ䣬ⲿֻһԽķţûУǳֱӵĹ᳹˶ר
ҫר˵ʵң䣩ǰȻʣԭ濴ʮƽ׶Ľ䣬֮Ȼйǧƽס
ҫʶһ㣬ееķ䶼ÿռ֮һĻô񶼿ѧԺڿռ似ϵĳɾͣͬС
СĽͿԿĿռ䱻ü޳̶ȸ֮ⷿһһһһĶ׷ʣµ֮һų׵Ľڷ֮ʵģԼϡŹֵ
ǰһУİҫۻңܻ⣬ûһֵоԱڣҲǽһ˶ˣ˵ܻ˷ҪãɽĸҲǰ׽еģĲκ˽˵ڣȥ
кһŰҫһųǰհ˼£ָ֮ʱһɹ̣뼸ַ֮ԭʵԼһĻɨ֮˲ʧһĽȡ
ռάʵתֻҪûضַ룬ضռάȵǲڵģȫûȡĿԣ˵ȫķϵͳưڽı棬һ䲻ϱ仯֮£ڲһɫֻ
ߵҫǰ˫ָһҫ˫ϵһ˲ɶ֣Ӱҫ䣬С
⿪İҫŤŤ󣬸оһãȥûʲôرĸı䣬ǰҫԼǿֲ˵ĽǾȫȫĻָˡ
֮ûио̫ر֮ΪҫѾԼȥȷûʲôı䡣
ҫƲסе㳬˼Ļô̧Ťʱֵ̧һ˲䣬ɵ磬Խǰ׵ĽƷɳ׿⡣
Ϊҫ̫ˣѾĽӴˣͶӰΧռ䲨ĳ̶ȣһƲסҫսܣͨ¥ᱻһ̤Ӷ¥͸һ¥
ʵҪƳ˼û˵ȥôףϸ΢Ŀɲ˵˵ܾܳɵģҫܹ֮Ƶշ磬Ҫ鹦ڳµսԼɱǵĳʱá
ҫҲòƷɵĴܣȻܴǷѧϰʹãɱʵսƽѵܸԼĺôǶĿһ㣬Ѿðҫǳ
ӹҫϵYT002һóеɫֻʾҫϣҫҲŤڿɫֻ֮һģһݵдԵæȣŽ䱸ɫ
һȭҲҫָָǰһĽһȻĿڵ
ҫ˻֣ʾԼްվ֮һڣȭһȭֱ䣬ͻڽ֮ϣһȭӡ
ҫ˿ԼȭͷŤͷŽ˵ڵҲ͹˼ȵĳ̶ȣYT003зҾ÷ǳĳɹ
ҡҡͷڵɹǳɹˣȱݣԭ趨ǽ˼ʵѹƵ˼ĳ̶ȣ̫ǿˣҵоƫ
ҫ΢˼ɦɦףƤЦܣӦãǵһɣ


һ 񶼣Ķң
YT003񶼿ѧԺ½Դ񶼵Ĺˣ˵ÿ궼ϰĴ롣
ЩǺ֮ǰ̽ģЩĽ׷ɱǰѵģЩǱ̬ϹӴģҲЩǱŴĶ⣬һֲ̬նݳ˼룬ҪڵϹϾɱ
ڵ񶼵ķʩʱȸëȲϣûûкƷǰĿƼûǿߣû򿪷ǿߣ񶼵Ŀռ㶼Եúܲȶѷ첻ϣĳЩضѷκ˳ɡ
˵ǧǰ񶼣ȫǿΪļλǿ߽еֿ֣ԼһϹй桢ȵȵȵޱȵ£ǲģĥ죬ûۻ١
һеֱͣһλ֣߳ȹ񶼿ռ㣬˽һ£˿ѧԺԼϵĲţȨƶȣڵһоһƬ֮λ߷ȥһ˵ɡ
ڿѧԺ֮ʱڵĿƼˮ׼ͬȪһֱϣ¯Ĳǵһ߿Ƽеİμһ
¯ᣬLTͺţ˼壬ڵϹĽΪˣڹķγɵ򱻳֮Ϊ¯¯þΪ˵ͨһ
һ񶼵һȻκεвĽˣӶ࣬ǧײ񶼵ˣн˳˿֣¯ĿҪȽ١
ӵһĵղ֣ȫס׸Ҳǳ񾳸ֵȫ˵¯ᣬҲڿоֻҪɹô뻯ĳ֣һϣҲҪΪ·˼ס
¯ʱͱȽˣⷽ˵ڹĽУԱֹʹ֮ˣɾҲߵȥȻҫǸ⣬˶ǰҫӣǷëǵĴڡ
ԣԱ¯ᣬҪֱֱʱ˿̵YT003ƳɹҲҪ
񶼿ѧԺ֮ͻȻѹƣǻҪ鹦ǧǰһΪ֪Ĵ¼
񶼷һΪĴ֣㵼ڲ߽⣬ͬҲɹĹֻ˶ѡ
ʱ֮󣬸տʼַûʲô飬ֱǱ¯ᣬ˶ǶԿп޵֮еҰĶȻ
񶼣ڷգҲо֮Уⲻ֪ڹĽǴͷģһаˣ˳ơħ
˽֮ﵽǷ켫ĳǿߣĳ̶ȶԱȣħÿһ˶ﵽ˳˼ڵƽƽ棬Ҳʥѡ
˶мǹթ֮ˣΪһ֮ʱеȺ֮Ѳ֮£Ż󴳽񶼵սӳԱ硣
ʱ磬˵ǼֻڿƼһʽĽ£߲䣬ͨƽ棬ĹˣԼǵĹ䶼֮Աǣȫ֡
¯˴ͻֲ֮͸ӵˣѾ񶼵Ĺˣÿ춼ż衢ѹȵУȻȥȴĲһˡ
ʱ·ϼˣɲʱƣ϶ֺԣﳰصȭӣʩչ裬Щ۸˵ĹˣǸŭԣĶ
ǲһ֣ΪҲûãʱڵҲͬǰݼڣһо׶ϹԼˣǰݣ⣬ǷݣסĹˣѹȣǵѣȺȫǲԴִһͬʣֻһЦѡ
񶼵ߴ͸ӵļˣһĳ¾ŻãˣǹˣȫͳһԴйͣйͷ⻯
ʣµԹ˵˼ˣܲкѹȣŰǼҲ㷹еĹˣǵԼЩӵÿĶǷ˰ӡ
ħ䵽˵һ·ЩѺսԱȾͺݺһ˲ɫҲ¶ҡβģ
ʵ˵Ĺթļƣίʵɲ⣬ʱ֪񶼵ĵϸҲֻܹߵ̬ؽ֮˶෽˽Ľṹʼıһռļƻ
񶼵˶ңЩܲкĹͽȻһӦҸͶ˽췭ظ
ɳǰѹ֮ʱɱ˵֮󣬷ֿ·ʧ٣񶼵ʱĸ߲Ǹо²ȴΪʱ
ٹأ³һˣ񶼵ĸ߲ԼҪаɱͬʱͣĲ߷ʱڵĹˡ
ЩǼеĹһܾѹ裬ͳɹ췴Ĵ൱Ӵķҡ
ħЩ󲿷˵Լݴ͵ƻܣڵľӢʧأֵĻ̻̣Ӱ켫ӡ
Ҳ֪ʱ֪ǺԭָԼһЩд֮ˣΰԪ˿˵ǲŲʣ˽ļȮ
˸оѳɣֻһţٲ䣬ԳԭΣõʱһǿߵĿֲ
ʱ񶼵ľװսӵװһʱڣ㱻У˿ֲĳ˼Ƶģѹ˸ɱˣȥĿƼֱӴٲ¥¡
᧿Σս죬Ʋ֮ʱǳˣҲ򵥣ֻ֮һ̧һӣһ漴콵Űʥ֮棬ʥ׾ٵĽĿɿڴճ˷ɻңʣ
ڷ֮֮նǰƲеľӣԼЩʧ֮ĳȵ߲Ա̾Ϣһҡҡͷ
ûǲǾˣûܹԱôǵǺܴ
仰ǳĳÿ˵ĶУ·һǴӣȵ޵ݡ
ԣûǧʱ䣬ſƼǿʼˣʼһʼҪ߳һĶֵأȥԼԭе磬֮ʱʵͺеĻһ㡣
ǵ̫ˣûĴڣôǲҪϣ׵ĻһνϹνĿƼǲǻΪЦһĴڣЦʲôʣˡ
ҲĻнħɵĴ֣˷츲صı仯Թ˵ƶԴӣԼƵĸĸƼоƵĸĸװĸĸ˼ĸĸһеĸĸŻ˽ʱյ񶼡
ҲΪµӰºճڰҫYT003֮󣬽ͺŵȫߣҫʵǻָȻɱ⣬ǽǾѾ׽⡣
ãԺʿǰȫĻ䣬ָӹҫȥǣ뿪šʵڣӰгֻӰ


һ Ŀۼϵͳ
ˣ
ԺʿҿԽô
ԣΪҵרʵң
ˣ
ҫŰŽ뻪֮䵭ˮĶԻ˵ʵڣҫвһֶ׵뷨˵һԣΪʵ̫ˡ
ȣԼڵĲڶмߵĳɾͣݵλϵǶԡΣеĸߴ䣬ŮԸˣòϵǶԡ˶ǰ겻͸̱࣬ԸرǶԣȷһԡ
ʲôأڰҫĺһԹԣŮһ֣֪ʲô˼һɵЦİҫ
ˣѾллҫ٣ṩݣкܴİǿ뿪ˣ۾ĵл֮󣬸
ҫƲƲ죬Ҫȥǣʱȴ԰ҫίһЦҫ˿˵ͷһſȥ
һʵ٣ʲôôʱ䲻࣬һЩоûأ
Цҫ߳뻪һͬ뿪ֱ֮ŽգЦóЯƽ壬ƺĳЩҪܣðҫֱ
Ժʿ֪ȤôָƽϵͼΣ΢Цѯʵ
üͷ΢΢һ壬漴Ǵ˫۶ȻһϵıڱϷƵģÿޱȣƺƽϵͼ൱ĸȤڵ٣Ըһͬоô
ȻԸһģôʵģԽʡҲʱأ΢Цĵͷص֮ǰڿʵôʵʱ˲뷨ˡ
Ϊ˱ʾмҽרʵҵĳȨо֮ȨһУֻһо٣ûɣ
ӹݸƽ壬ĻϵͼΣϵĿ֮ɫ޼ͬʱ׳棬˷ֺȡҪĽֻоѡ
ôǿʼɣ˵ͷЦ
ˣҫ٣ոնһ£ͺ֪ʲôƵģһ뿪ˣ˭ûзҲûôô֪˴˵뷨ģõƵôĻͷҲ̧ʵ
ȻŶôأԺʿڻǵɣ˰£ͻ֪ˣҲôأһ΢Ц˵ҫͨĳЩʱҪ׶ԷʲôֻҪ񴫵ݾ͹ˡ
£ֵĶûʲôʵϵãҲûпѧݡˣȰ°ɣ
еƽǰһǰ̳һӰӰճһΪӵͼΣ״Ǳ״

ԪˣƳԵİҫ߱ʵ
ǵģ˺ܳһʱأҫƲƲ죬һ˿ԹĿڻᶯ
ȷܳҫĺд֮ãܲôǵ˵ͷһ·Ͽ˰ҫüΣȻԼ䵭ȴһлʣֲ̫˼ʵĸо
磬ɲԸʲôʵľʰɣ
ҫ˻һۣ˵ʵڵĻе㲻̫ϰߣȻ˼治࣬Է̩ɽǰԸ񣬰ҫ˽⣬Եе㲻֪ζ
ԪǸʲôˣǶ˵ʲôȻǣʲôĻ͵ûʹɣ˵ͷСŮ̬żɽʵ
ÿ˶УʹǻɽҲף֮ƽ񿴲̫ƺﶼһ̬ȣΪĵﻹûгֶѡ
ҲʲôܲܵģԪҲûֹ˵ʲôЩ黹ǲ˵ڵģΪ㲻û̫ãܻţҾͼһЩΪ˵İɣҫ΢΢𣬿ڻص
ҫ˼һǰȥʡԵ棬ԼĹϵһЩԼĲ²⣬ͳͳ˵֮󣬼߳ɵݣϸ˵䲻֪ԵɣҲĺܡ
ˣ˵ˣɶ뷨ҫһ˵ʵʵ治ñ࣬ϾҪͨ˳ҪߣĲװ
˵ͷҲûбʲôŪİҫƲѣڵˣûʣ˵˵ָӰɣҲ֣е鶼ϵһˡ
ָôһ֪ˣ˵ݺܹأԴ񶼵ڣָһֱԪ׵ұۣҲ֪ǺԭפȻʱǧܱ꣬ò䣬Ҳûһ˥ϵļʵ֮ǿԶ
˵ȨڽԪ׵ȨޣǳصȨޣ˵񶼵֧ƽﶼ˶ⷢʩλȨأ֮㣬ʲôҪҪɣ㵽ʱ˵񣡡仺˵
ҫҲʼ磬ͷصҾҳһ⣬ҲûʲôĹأ᲻Ǹžսйأ
ҡҡͷʾͨ¥㣬һ˱ʧӰ³ʱڰٲõĵʮ㣬ҡ
ҫסˣоԼһȫĻɵ磬һƽ󣬸࣬йǧƽףǰԲε״ûз䣬ûʲôеֻǰԲǽϵĻӰ񣬰ҫóǧΧǽڵÿһݰɡ
м䴦һβƽ̨ʮ˰֮ϣΧڲƽ̨֮ڣһǵȡĻӰ棬Եúæµ
ҫ۾е㻨۾ǰһĻ󾪵ʧɫO͵άʮңܼѵһڿˮŽϡ
⣬⣬ҫָЩţëĻ棬Լ𾪵˵
ţķӦһ˶ң㿴ЩǼļϵͳĿϵͳ俴һ۰ҫı飬ľһ˵ͷڵ
ҫһڣƽԼͷ𾪣Ҫʱһʹ˲ûԸͷһǵ̵ĳ¾ţȭͷһȵͷı飬Űҫ
壬ô⣡ҫ˸ף΢ʵԳʹеˡ
ҫѾ׽⣬ֱ˼ʵĳ˼ʣȻɱ¾һø˸˳¾ŵǸʲô
䣬Ȼȥɣûˣ£Ҫܣ֪ô¾һŻ˵˵ͷתͨкҲһ뿪
ڻ뿪֮󣬳¾Ųɷ˵ֱӹסҫĲ˵Сӣһ˵Сĵ㣬Ҫ״ӦʲôҲҪ׻ؾʲôԼִ磬֪ô
ҫһˮĵ˵ͷ漴мĲ̨ȥĵĻβ̨ڣЩԱ֮⣬˵Ĵڡ
ߣһҫǰȫ쵼Զ죬һ߲ʶһ꣬ɫͬͬһߴ׳ߴֱս͡
һСŮǵŮĬʱ˵ٿ鸡ȶ˫Ŀգɢ⡣


һ Źֵǣ
ǴҫĴܺͻҪ࣬ǰλѹȸУ米ɽͷزϢĸо
ָоȰҫҪֱ̣ΪǰҪǿҲ෴ǿҫȫһϡ
˴֮Ĳ¶һ֣ųԼƣҫֶоĻҫֱ˵ûС
˵ǰθָӣҫһͣΪһǿ߸е̬Ȼѹ˵˼ҫܹо˶ûж⣬뿼Լɣ
Ȼ뷨ҫıϣȷ뿼ҫһ棬һĿ飬Ҫȭͷˡ
ҫһȭ
ɶ
һ챩ȣ׹˰ҫһ飬һɽӴӰɰȭͷӸ£ſ񱩵ľ磬ֱҫš
ȭѹϢĺХİҫĤֲۣȭҫֻоǰķѹһöֱҪԼѹһ̯ࡣ
ֵ߽ף׳ľվĹܣǰİҫ͸СƵģСˣǿƹһǣʹһ޵Уŭ֮Сָ֮һܱȨԼʮ֧սָȨҶ޼䡣
ҫû뵽μ棬кһͿȫûͷûԣʲô¶ûףͶȭͷˣŪİҫƲѡ
ѹôģҲôᣬԭأ
ҫ񣬶ӭХȭ棬˿Ĵ֮ģһȭ˳ưڶһȭ˳ƶǿ񱩵һȭԺһǣҫηҲöȫԸʹҲơ
飡
һǿҵ죬ȭСȭĶײɵƴͭģѵҫˣڳ˼ȫģһ˶η֮ģĸɸɴ࣬һ㶼ǣǿ
һֱƥĶηһαǿѹȣҫɳʮ֮Զ֮󣬰ҫֻұ۶ͣʹ֮˺һ㣬֮ʹҪһ㣬ѪƷòƽ
ǿʵ޻ֱ˵Ҷ氤һȭַľž˼˰ɣУ֮ǰӴһ˲䣬ҵĴôҫұۣҡͷЦ
֮ǰһȭľ춯أԼһӴ֮£˲һ޿ƥеĸоѹԵҫͷ𾪲С𾪵ǣλһȭҫһֱĸо
ҫܹǳĸо⿴ƽƽһȭȴһѧʽ⾳жԷȭʱȭͷϵһ㵭̬㣬ǻɣ
ʵӦù˰ɣ֮һߣǵʮָӹٻߣƹڲһ񣬰塣
ţɣͷ෢꣬˵ͷڻصİܣ֮һܱķϵͳϵͳɢ֡
ʮףаҫСһе㱾£½Ӧòʲô⣡Ҷ޼䣬ŤŤ󣬿Ц
Ǿͽûɣ忴һ۳¾Զ죬˽ǵͷʾû.
ҫ滺һʹ֮ŤŤ»صǰ˿ǰˣһ񣬿ڵսӸٰҫָӹ٣ȫԲһµҰҫк£ʾ£
Ϣ
ҫȻվҶ޼Űҫĵ˵ͷЦСһûɣ
Ҫлָӹ٣һȭû򱬰ҫֱأҫ΢΢һЦҲûпУȫʵʵ˵Լֶ˵ֱ۱ˣᱻԷһȭһ̯ࡣ
Сһ˵ʵҲףֵӶעҶ޼һЦİҫļһԵĳ¾ƲƲΪҫһһҲ񶼵ָӹ٣ɢ
Ҳûʲôֺ̬Ȼֻ΢Цʾ⣬ҫҲٴ񣬿ʵλָӣ֪Ұҫк£ܼҫƴǣ
¾аһã仰˵ĺˮƽäĿӦҲäĿȷƴǣ磬Լ·ҫǵ¾Ÿ߿һۡ
ĪһЦԶ˵ϣ˵˵Ǳߵɣ
ҫ΢΢һָҪһϣԶıֵж˰Զǵͷ΢Ц˵ҵİȫ֣ϰĿϵͳһЩ˵ľٶǳĹŹ֣˾Ӷ࣬ĳЩӸλ֮ˣ´ԵúءСĬ鷳ѼӰ
Զ˵֮Ĭ˵ͷСŮ΢΢һЦͬͷʾ⣬ǰһһƽСĳӰƴӶɣÿӰжһӰĴڣϰٷ֮࣬չǰ
ҫüͷ΢壬ǰϰٷӰУųɵˣûмԵúİʣµʮϤĺܣԼһϸ
սе˽϶࣬Ӣսӵܶӳǰɳսӵ٣ҶսӵĳӲţӥսӵܶӳ¡Ĵָӹ֮һϹףҲڴС
˾⣬кʮָӹ֮һ籶شٹᣬ񶼵һݼСԱ٣ԼѧԺԺʿ
ҫϸ۲죬һʱ䲢ûзЩʲôر֮ΧҲɰҫ۲ţӹ󣬰ҫüͷһ壬ǿһߡ
ǰʮһÿҹ֮һر֮ǾЩҹ֮ʲô£Ͷ᲻ͣ߶ʲôӷƺڸʲôһ㣬ɰҫʹͨҲ߶ʲôÿ߶ʱѡһһĿռС
Ҿֵֻ߶ţ籶ˣԵøӵĹˣǾʱһһЩֵƣĳЩضĵص㣬ӰģһƬƺʲôˡ
ʮһعľٶ㹻ĳЩ˵עˣǰϰٷӰϰˣÿ˻ٶľٶ
ҫһ󣬸ҪȴֹŤͷų¾˵СһȱʣСţ˵˵Ǳߵ
¾Žϵͷµһڵһǧˣڰҫû֮ǰ֮ĿյأǰҫԺļˣһֻвʮ֮һˣȫڹ۲ڵĹˣѾ۲ߵһ£ȿǷʲôı˵ǳңҿɲٿˡ
죬֮İҫʼ£бص˶ܹ죬쵽е֣ɽ¥ĸо
ҫ٣иҪ㣬ϣܽܣǾϰĿϵͳԼӰЩˣе飬쿪ʼͨ񶼵вţ㽫ԵԱݽеЩˡ
ͬʱһὫصָӹصȨ޳׿ţѲȨȨԼѺ48СʱȨ񶼾ȫߴ㰵иһ޶Ȩޣڽһµʱ䳹Щ˵Ϊ
ҫĻ֮΢΢һ㶣ָָԼ˵ңԱ


һ Ҫʱƣ
Ǹҫ֨֨죬Ҳ˵ʲôȻ˵ֻ̫ͻȻ֪ôشѣϾνǣķΧʵ̫ˣһʱûøôȥӦԡ
ʲôǸģСӣоУоͲУʹ㣬ƵŤŤ󡣡Ҷ޼Ƣƺ̫ãߴٵͳ˧սָӵݣƢҲòȥ
ֳҶ޼˰֣ĳԵøҫۣü֮߰˷󣬲ϸϲ˵Ĳ
ʱ֣Ҳ˰ҫĹǿڵҫҪף£㲻Ҳбֻ֮Եһ㣬ʵһ棬һӹˣҸãмѭӷ¡
һУҲ֪Ϊ˵ֵΣοҲе飬˵ǴµĵһѡŴ۹⣬ҲҪʧźá
ʲôֱ֮˵ɣҲʲôظ֮ˣʲôѣֻҪΥǵԭ򣬲ǵĵߣ˿Эġ
˵֮󣬿һ۰壬Ҳһ͵Ŀһ۵˵ͷ·Ļͬһ㣬Ҷ޼˫ۻԴŤһԣҲнȫͨ˼
ڰҫôʼе޴ֵϾܿŷǱѰĹϵҿԼԼҲǷǳá
κһ֪һ㣬ƶϲֱӴӦֻǰҫͬ񶼵ԭסҲڼѾһӵĹˣҲҪ뿪񶼣ٴġ
԰ҫ˵ֻϵ·еһתվѣûбҪôҲ׵ѡ
Ͼ̫Ҳ̫أǣҲ̫ʵɲԼ˼һв̤һ㣬пٲ
ڰҫͷ˼֮ʣҲеĵӦûд˼ǣֱҫ̧ͷ֮󣬲˵Լ뷨λָӣҫˣֻǣҫмСҪҪõλӦ
˵˵ֵͷ΢Цڵ
ȣһȻܳ£ҲλָЦ˵˰ҫһһ̸ϴޣȻҲǽմϱߣֵʵֶҪ˼ݣϸ緢Ҳܳ£ѡһЩһͬ飬һС飬֪ɲԡҫڵ
Ҫû⣬κһѡκΰĿۼˣֻҪöԷܹЧİ㣬Ȩʱ˵ǲרСָӡ嵱ϵ˵ҫͬмߵ֮ɫ
ҫûһ˶ǲȡֹϾҵרĳЩ˹ƾҫһģͷ֮ѡһ˵ܿΪҫ˵Լ̸ϴޣڰ۹⿴Ǵ´ࡣ
Ȼǣҵҽϵ˽пѺѶ֮ʱصͰھĵһ档һԸϵԱѹڶĵһ֮ǿȫܳʲôǱ¼оָңҲԷĲأҫЦӯӯĿ¾ţ⻰Էθ֮࣬еƨĵ˳¡
˽ת¾ţȻֱܹó¾ֱӷӣǲô¾񶼵ȻֻһĵȨԼȨҪ١
ǣʶҲкܳܳܳһʱˣһ߲Ա˴ѽֵܵ꣬Ȼѹ˵飬һлҪ¾ǷԸ
Сӣѧ᲻ٶƨѧˣУͳƨĵ̹Ҫҿ㣬ȻǼΪù̲ЩһٿٳһΪרĿѺѶ֮Ҳʲô¡
СͷſֽŸɣĵط岻˵˵㣬ʲôţ¾ẉ̂Ц֮У԰ҫǾԵ֧֣ҫҲһ˼ɦɦͷЦ
¾ŵĻûԼԶʲô֮УҲҫһÿɷȻһЦĻҲûп뵱ڽһ֮󣬸ҲصȨޣʮָӹͬһˡ
˳¾һصȨǾڵһڣ¾мٴȨҲ˵ֻҪǵķΧ֮ڣҲҪԼȨҲ͸¾ųƽѡ
ǵλ񶼵ͳߣԪ״Գ¾ŵǲνӡԳ¾ŵĿ֮֪˵УҲȻģ¾ųŵ˵Ҳ㡣
һҪڵȨֻصȨޣмȨ޸ҳƽ»᲻̫㣬ϣλָӹܷҵȨ޵ȼҵʱ򣬿Ȩƶȣ
ҫ˵ԼһҪҲҪһҪΨܹŵҲȨ޵ȼһˡ
Ȩ޵ȼɭϵҪָӹһȼʵеѣΪֻҪԷϣԼȨûжԷֻǳƽѣôЩӵصȨ޵Ĵǿ÷սԼԿġ
Ҫ浽ǸزݾҲͲ˵ˣԼԼ˿ܻвСΣգ뿴飬δ֮£ҫҪһ׼©ص㣬ȫ룬Ȩһ£֮ء
ǰҫҪˣûǵеȷзȨ޵ȨҫҪȨޣȨߣʵǺѰ졣
һӦ˰ҫҪʼô죬ֿȻСҲ˵ԲܷϾֱֻ治֪İȻʶҫǸ񶼵İΣҫ֮ǰɲǲС˼һ
ҫѾصȨˣ߾͸ͬˣǳصȼģǿǺ˶Ĭʼ˼Ҳ֮ǰǰӦôʹ졣
˾岻֮ʱնĬȴǷǳĸ߸ǣֻžµ˵ݹ쵹Եеɰˡ
˵ǰһĻͻȻ֣ŵһֲҫ֮£Ҫȭñ¾£ҫҪôˣ±ؽǾԵģΪĻеˣԪף
ŶȣǼ仪ĸ֮߱ϣϵЦԵúţ˼񣬿еĻȴһʱ񣬷·ʯһ㣬
ҫҪ׼ˣڵϵЩʱӶԷȨ޵ȼͬʱһ׼㣬ϵκڽĵʱһ㶼Բȡ˵ֶνƷҵˣֱӾ͵ظɱ㲻ҪκεΡ
УЩϵˣһʵʲôǱΣ񶼵飬ɱȨնࡣ֮ҫھĿɽͷſֽȥɣһЩǱڵĺȺ֮
ڣʽһ̿ʼʱʽҫΪʱܸһְ԰λμɣͼı֮˽е顣вűҪȫκβʱƵĵжһɰӷѺ죡
һλóֱϵͳǷΧ硣


һһʮ ѣһĿꣿ
վ¥ٲõĵײһ¥ĵŰҫ˽СʱеԹԽԽűơ
Сʱв°˸коʮʶʮĪͻܾʮԼܾͣ󰮣ܾһռԼҴҵҪǿбȣһдѨһȳһյĸܡ
֮ڲ䷳£˲ͣĴڨԴλս֮󣬰ҫ룬Ϣ̬ɲʵΪ֮ķ˿ԼĽ֮ˡ
˶֪ҫʱһɾ£ɻ˲ģ񶼵İ۱ȽϿţǺϷޣȻᳫɣڨ׷ɲ͸ỹֻ¹ϵĶˡ
׷ߣɲȱɽ˽٣ҲǲضãԹֹڴˣǰΧһʱƣҫΪܸ˵£еͻȻҲеĪ
ڰҫӴͨʱ˵𼱻ǵֱȥ
ǿѹֱӽΧߵĲӬȫɨɣץסֱӿſڣҫľٶˣеãȻʧ롣
ܵΧȺڵҫʱȫ¶ȵı飬ĳЩΪ鲻ԾһΪ֮ǰĻͨΧƵ񶼵ÿһ䣬ֻ֪ǰҫԼ֪ѡ
ѾͷûʱͣˣҲԣǱȽϺһĴ£Ǵ£ҽһ񣬷ǳ鷳ָӵӲʹҺú÷һ£ϻؼң
ҫһ״εֱУһûɱһ¥õſڣˣµתĵز
ҫ磬ŵˣ侲˵ѽͷߵȰ
ﲻ㣬˶ӣǽж֮ϻȥӳ飡ҫͷҲصĽµ˶ӣǽжôɤţΧȺ벻֪ѣο֪ˡ
˵~~~
еԹݺݵıˣһȦסҫһһȭݺݵĴڰҫͷ­ϣֱӽ˸ԴС
ˣһԴݺݵĿڴʯϣŵΧȺ͵ӣû뵽ǣһ棬ҽץŰҫĽףгȥѾĲ֪ˡ
ҫ˦һܳ˵Ǹո͸ҫģܹ뷽㣬ϤڵĽͨߣݳҫڸʻóͨѶʼ
أһӵķˣ̵ҼҼϣҹܷдҪʮ𼱣ϳţ죡죡죡
ιᣡģԼ᣿Լֽ£ҪæϽҼҡʲôԺʿԼᣬڴţǴޣҼѾͷմӽԺʿǻ춼ҪоʱԼᣬهNɪϽ
ιϼܶӳûʱ䣬еҪæ鷳գָһ£͵Ƿˣãţãϼ
ι磡ҫҸոᣬи񽻸ңһ˸㲻ҳıһ£ãϼ
һ·ϣҫиԼ磬ϵֱȽϺõѣһϵƺҪ󼯺ϣȫҪԼмϣզզӣƺʲô˲õĴ£ȲҪ̽֡
ʵеǼ˲õĴ£Щϵˣ˹ͨѶ֮󣬶ǽһЦ˻⣬һ䵭ı顣
ҫ磬ټΪʱƵɣƳһæҺѵİҫ˵
Ѿͷô֪ģҲǸողġҫԵúܺ棬ʱڣ֪ĻѾΪǵΪ͹ľ
ļǰǵԪ״ˣѾóΧƵ˵һʱƣԼΪܸ˵ˣӦö֪˰ɣԴڻص
ţûǵȷ֪ˣ˵ͷ΢Ц˵
ҹ֮ʱһ֮˽б̬ҫҲ֪һ֧ıףֻ˵Լģ˵ǧ˿ģԼһһէûΡ
ǣ֪ҪԪ״Ҫʲôʱƣȥǰô̸ģ㻹ҪϸĸһҲи׼̶ȵİһڿȿʵˣҲǷϵĵ˵ͷ
һãᡢ塢䡢ϼСҫļˣҫַһ˼ƶ̣˼Ƴ뷨˼ˣаЦԼʱύѻ治٣Լڵء
ںҶĳӲţҫû֪ͨȻԹ磬ǱϾӲҲڰ֮УҲʣһҪӣʲôè塣
ҫµľϸһʵͷ˼һһ͵ĿڵҫûҪ󣬸֮أᵽˣû뵽ܴ֮࣬ԴҲôʹز¶
ҫûİһᣬţҿôô
ϼίһЦڵҫӦòֻɣʲôҪǰæô
ҫ˵ͷڵϣܹȫ֧븨ңϾһ֮࣬ƾҸѾͷ˸ֵҲ˵Ǽ뵽ʱƣΪԱһϵĿԱУǵĻҸһϲͨҪǣӦûɣĻҲǿģ
ԣһں˲㹻֣ǵжֱ˵ĿӦ¡
û⣡ڿʼBOSSʲôԸһ仰ͳɣ˫ֱסףһνĿЦ壬Ҳǻֱ۴˵ңң⽻ѧ˺ܶ࿽˵ļɣÿأ
Ҳû⣬Ӧͦ˼ģҲûʲô£Ҳţһݣϼŵĺһ裬΢ЦصߵĳСҲͬǵͷ
ѽһôҵĽֵܣ¾ҵ£ö˵ʲôôŰҫӹһЦĻصҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ǶлˣˣǼսˣûһ֮ϣԿԷĵãҾֻҪټӳ˾͹ˣ󾫲ҫȫӦ֮имޣüЦͬʱҲ˵Լ뷨ҲΪȻĵ˵ͷ
ҫ磬ǵһĿ꣬ѡ˭أ
֮еƽ壬ͣĻţ漴ͶŵǰϣǰƬԼϣһŵĳǰ
ҫĿϵͷ񣬵߼һ֮ϳ˲ЦݣָĻϵһͷ˵ɣѣܾòأ


һһʮһ Ĺᣡϼ޻
峿һģӴ󣬼ݻׯ԰֮УԭڴеĹᣬһ߿ţһδ󺺽һ˿ңħĵŮɻ
һҪһԼΨһ״磬˲ͱãȻŨױĨŮɣǾʧñڵסԼ壬һľʧ롣
ŮһģߵҲ֪ҲûогֻǾһɪɪ
Ƿԭˣһʱ˵㾪֮⣬й¡γѪɫõĿǰλ״¡˷ۣ˸Ƿܲͷ˵磬ô˰ôŪѸﰡſң˯ᣡ
ȥ¡İһۣϵŮɣеĹһӵ׷ɳϡ
ῴ˿¡ı飬оʲôҪʵ˯һһ룬Ů·ã¡ŵùűӾܡ
磬ǲǳʲôˣüͷʵԼȻǵصصĶ棬ɵ¡ɫѾ˵ˣʲô˲õĴ½Ҫ
¡ŷһ˵Ԫ״˵ͨ棬Ӧ˰ɣ
֮ԱǵЦһ£˸м˵ˣСǳ򣬰ҫСӣȻܵõԪ״˵ʶŪ˸ʱƵܸ˵ְλĹʺˡ
磬ҪһôͷڣҴǲɣֵ͵ȨޣǼҵŶôţûµģ
¡Լ׵ܵһı飬ΣԼܵҲƫƫǲѧԴʵʧ͸
¡̾Ϣһ˵ȣϣ㲻Ҫ̫С˰ҫʵԸһȼ磬ҶĶ֣һʵΪԪѡҲǿԼǸǣȻµѡ
ӸλѻһѾԻյǵͷϣһģΪǸгԹ᲻ⷢӣܡοǵΪûдﵽܲ͸ĵز滹أ
оǣԪʱƵĳԼҫְλԪ״˻ῼǲȨ޿һ㣿һ㶼ܿǵΰԪ״˻ῼǲܣҪ̫ˣ׼ɣҹǶѾ·ˣ
¡Ļһ䣬ʶһڿˮϵıǳһ˿֮ɫܲȻ˵һûôذɣ
ĿϵͳûôףҫҲûô򵥣׼ɣ¡Ļһ䣬ת뿪
쵰
ڹ¡뿪֮󣬹ܻһȭǰĲ輸֮ϣ飬¡˵ǰ㣬ôҫȨǴûˣʱӵеȨޣʹֻ֪ԺֵĶ涼֪жôľˣô׵ģԼԻΪҫһĿ꣬ԼзȨô
ҫΪ˹ƨܸ˾ţˣҪǸңһÿƣݶ࣬ҧгݵ
о仰˵ܲٲܲٵշ쭣ſһһŮװŮվſڣһŵ˵ү¥¼ԳƵƵĵԱʮ¥ǵĵ飡
ģĻͦ죡ݺݵҧҧзȻЦ漴ȵˣǵţһ
ܵԸеңҫ٣ҪѽŶˣʱƵܸˣӦһ׿ƳŶԣ¡ɳ֮ϣǰİҫЦ
¡ܶӳЦˣҫҲְڣأҫ̧ͷһ¥ԣŭȣҫǸ߸ͬʱͷǰĹ¡Ļص
׿Ƴ˵Цˣ飬˳ûʲôŲһ˵ֻϷ򣬲ףȮӵ׷˺£Ҫ׿ƳԴǰʰһɤڴ֮ڣ¡һʱվһԣƺԴͷС
ҫüͷ΢΢һ壬ǰһĿ࣬߰˿˯ۣݸˣŨüۣ˫ĿƼΪˣһ˿Ƶ΢ЦһһݲȵĴ¥¡
ߵĻŰҫʹ˸ɫҫ΢΢ͷչһЦǫѷĴкԭүҲڣǰҫͻˣûдкðȻǰүӲҪֲǣ
ҫǰˣʮָӹ֮һѧԺвŵܸˣá
һҫǫѷкʱˬһЦ׿ƳΪĳĽĽ׿ƳĻƺǹĹ˰
ڰҫĶ棬һԵĹ¡ǹؾصվһԣؼʵеǼƶȣҹΪϽһ֮Ȩ󣬼ֲֻվŵķݡ
ҫ߷·ѾźƵģһҪöԿζ䰺׶վһԣҫɳϡ
ľٶϼ޻Ĺ˵ܿеŵҫ˵һԳаҫΪƿƳݣõ˳ƽϾһһվ
ûǹĽˣùүӼЦˣҫ֮Źùһ񣬽ζʮ㣬ֻһĺװ磬ôôűŤ
ð˰֣ʾҫЦûʲôЦģҶǹûκεƫֽΪ͡Թ֮ǰʣ֪׿Ƴܷأ
ҫ˵ͷֱ֮ӹãûаֶ֮⣬΢Цүӣ֪ܲӣһʱĳЩΪΪ죬Ԫ״ˣԼָӵע⣬ϰ˵оֹȻӳͬ԰ҫŻڵƳĵһʱǰ飬Ҳûһ֮
֮΢ЦͷЦԭˣͰ׿ƳˣȮӲţ֪Ժ֣ǣʶһЩѣجج˼ȡǰʱ仹Իҩʹһ٣ʵĳѿĺܣҲա
׿Ƴøĳӣһй¹죬ȮҪ淸ʲô£ĳҲϢ飬ôоôУĳ飡
ϼ޻Ϻ̫꣬ĻУԻҩĪĺƸɸɾĴΣ죬һҧŲˣӣɽӲĺܣʲôвɣȹˣ޵ʱ򡣡ҫ¶ɫ΢Цͣʵƿڴ
ҫŭֺγǶ԰ҫ߿һۣСһỹе㱾£ϲŭɫ˵ˮ©֪Ԫףָѹңеļƣôô򷢵ģһҪ취С᲻Ҫ˵ñץʲôѱӰ˴־Ͳˡ
˲ɫ˴˶ӣ΢ЦͣпνǸǧ¼ֳȻ԰ϱߣҲֱǰⳡϷ͵ǹǳˡ


һһʮ ݼҫı
ڹ˰СʱŴ֮һ뿪䣬Ϳ¥ԼĸڸҫеĽ̸ţã˫˵Цһ֪һ㣬š
е㲻֪ʩе£ԼλӢ䣬ĸףô͸ҫҪãǶ˾ǵһμ棬ѵϧ֮ⲻɡ
ˣñҫȰ£Լ³˵ôޱȣлң¥ʱĽŲ˼˵˵ע⣬üͷֱ塣
ʲôΪƽڶȥˣżæŵӣɺͳһǻŵɫƺŹĺȵһӣǲèµ¥ûһ춯
״ˣ簲磬簲Ҳ֪ηõ֮ɫǼװģǲΡΡӣèƵģԵúܿЦ
λǵƵİ׿Ƴ֮ǰҲģ׿ƳЩҪ㣬Ҫʵش𣬲ҪŪ٣˵ʱ㣬ӿݵ仰˵ҪĻص֪ôԴǵ˵ȻһϢƣĹͷ
ݣݣݣװҾͿ㻰лôСӣС˵ôǺãҪǰɣҾ㲻ò˵ҫ΢Цûаֵ֣ῴһ۰ҫеĲȻ֮ɫΪԡ
Ҫ£ȴúֹûصСӣʲôݣʸôվŻػ
ᰵҧҲû취ԼϵѵԹȫתƵ˰ҫϣκƱǿҲòվıֱŰҫʻ
İҫνһеţ˷أȨ߲ʣյȨޣǹλȨصָӹٶδܱȵϡ
ľٶ¶ˣҲֻܹؾصıҫʡ¶ǹã԰ҫȨ˵ҲͲ飬ʾʣѺѺȫҪκιǡ
֮ڿҲԪף񣬻пѧԺλѧңҫûȨ޶⣬˭ҫԲȨˡ
ᣬҲǲʶ£ȥҲ͹ȥˣҶˣѱˣڹ¹죬мҪ㣬ϣʵش𡣡ҫԴ֮磬֮󣬵һ³Թľǹᣬ˵ĺƲǰӣҪ߾ȥȶԷ
ǳôҫΪʲôܼǣƾʲôܼǣǶЩѾٶԼ޵ȥչֵģڹаҫĿޣôг𱨳ԹԹˣοܴС𣬶һˣ¡
׿Ƴ֮ǰǹ᲻ԣ׿ƳдҼƽϣȻǲʶʱ֮ˣ׿ƳʲôҪʵľʣһʱش𣡡ǳѵõľսݿ֮ܿòĻص
ҫ΢Цͷӹƽ壬ָ棬ϢĻ棬Цᣬǽȡ˰ĿۼϵͳһӰ鷳㷭뷭룬㶼˵Щʲôô
תתͷݲȵĿڵŶ׿Ƴˣ˯߲ãƽʱҲǺܺãÿ춼ƣۣ˵λĶϰð׿ƳЦˣ
ᣬᣬֻе棬ͨ۾˯ģգۣж磬˵λҫƣҧסĻţ쳣ĹڣһʱȻ֪ôȥشҫĻ
ǿƣҫ治򵥣ҶȲԶˣôȥСһ¶ţҪ취ӹȥСа룬ϲɫʵѵĸͣ¹һ񱻰ҫץסѱ
ѽҾȻҲˣ⼸ûʲôɣüγҹڳڵƣŵ£˯֮λε֢״׿ƳҪǲҿӰҶ֪أ
ڹ˼ǰ֮ʣû뵽ҲûôȻû£ѻԲ˹㵽֮⣬ͬʱҲԹôġ
ôҲΣҫƶȻһͣ⵶һֱƹȥƽһ֡
Щ涼ǹڲͬʱ䣬ͬĵص㣬˵Щ滹צƺ˼ҽһ㣬ֻΧûκ˴ڣҲǾ뼫ԶǴĪᡣ
ؼȻһ䣬һţȴҫ뻪۾ҫҲ˵ƣֻЦӯӯĵŹش𣬶麹ҫѹȵĴ
̲ȥˣĿڵ׿ƳȮȻĵ飬ɲķˣϣһ¡
үӣԲӣΪ֣ҵķˣҲҪŬųɣڲʸףôҲָֻһصܲʸˣܲڵһ֮УϣأþأҫȻһƲãЦͣ
üͷ壬԰ҫʩѹǰʯͷԼĽţҫѹ˻Ծ̾ҫĹϵȻ֮㣬¾ŶվߣԼһĶֵأճطðҫܲǣɼ˵Ĺϵ򵥡
һʱ䱻ҫҭ˵ҫҲȷǺ⣬¾ſɲʲôŮһԼᣬʣԼӾ㲻ҲҪѲƤ
Ĵ۾ǣҪ˵ʲôȻȻĻҫȫԴȥϸϸʣʱԼΧ֮ڣȻܲסѹ˵ЩʲôôԼӾˡ
û뵽û뵽ϷСȻͬʱСһĵıõʵǺã¾ŰǰҲǣҲǣֻСбʡ
ʲʲôȻСߣһ˼СᶥסѹԻ¶ڡҲСͱҪ˵ǰ˵ȻҲҪߡʵǽҲǣҲǣҫһ󻼣Ҫ֮
亹ֹ֪λش𡣹üͷ壬ԴȴʼҲҫı¡أ˫ȭȴΣҫǵƿƳݣɶ
͵Ŀ⿴ҫʵǿıȻҲ˹ʵĿ࿴ҫǲŲæŶȣԵĵŹش
ҫı˹ؼҸһֲǣʱ˿̰ҫӳļǣȷǳϣǴ֣ûûΣӦԶĵ״̬ȫͬն
ҫʵйģ˵Ƚϣ˵һ죬ҫǵأ
ҫ۾ôʵȻĻǿʵİҫҫı˿ķƽղɽ¶ˮΪڣҪԼıߣԼҲֵУʱ٣ôԼ÷ӵҲ
ʵӶ˵ı˵ҫǸǧڷ͸ǱڵĿܣıķۡ
ҫʩѹȰ·̺ãȶбԼյ·֮ٽԼǿưڶǰöֲòԼ̺õ·Ҳòıһˡ
񣬹ؼҸӣڰҫ̺õ·ϡ


һһʮ Цɣ
ĿϵͳɿѧԺѧҹͬоƣǿƼٿͶ֮У˴Ϣ״һΪһĿ֮Ϊ죬ͰĿ֮⡣
ĿϵͳӵгƵŴߵתӰ켼ʵṹƵȡⶨλԼһЩ߰ļ
ĿϵͳǵĿƼʮ֮࣬ڶ೬Ľ£ֻһĿģǾǶоԵļӣ㵽صףҲᱻʵṹⶨλλ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ㻹ⷽУ;ӲĿϵͳķۣͬʱ˵ĻҲͬᱻϵͳ׽ڷУֻҪ㻹û͸ֻҪ㻹ô㽫Ρ
ţûôôֱӣѧֵ֮ô򵥴ֱĿϵͳ˵ĵ֮񶼣֮Ĺ磬ۣ֮Ϊľǿ硣
ڹ¡ֵӵùĿ۵ļôܣ쿪뷨Ŀۿɲֻеİٿô򵥣ڵ۸
Щ۸Ͳö֪ˣѧԺûͳƹֻòݡ
ҫŶȣǰؼҸӵľ̬ЦһŹ˵ֺѻشôĻش𲻳Ǿȸһ˰ɣϾҵʱޣأ
ҫĻ˲һ£ҫߣǻǰҫϵ⣬磬뿳ԼԲܳΪҫĽһʱ벻ʲô취ֻȰԼĴ¡ԼԼĸ׹á
׿Ƴо仰þգҪ̫ˣ˵ǹ¡ֻɷǵͳѵﱬıԵеŭҲ̲סı
¡ܶӳҲӦôһ仰ɣ֪ΪΪ֮ΪҲ֪ôҲڰ֮еģҫҲ¡һۣ˫Ŀ쳣ǰĹãһ˵
ñҫƣͬʱҲΪҫĻе𾪣ʱƳʱȷ˵¡
νİһʵʵڵֶû͸¶߲һǱڵĽǣӰҫĿе֪ԼӾȻȫ¶ֻ뷨ܱһһ
ҫ񣬾ȻܸһĪѹʵţԼȻᱻһСƵĵز⵹ǰδй顣
׿Ƴ˴˰Ȯӣ˲磬żв̤Ҳǲɱģ͵ϷһӣձȮһպ󣬹ĳк񱨣һﻰ£üͷҪ֮ʣȴҫ̧¡
ҫ˫ĿȻ֣żΪʧı飬ΪĿ˵үӣðҫĺʧǲҲˣܲµҪɣ
ҫǷԪ״ˣָӵ£ҷŹһԪָҿôְʯͷԼĽŵ飬ҫǾԲȥġ
οԪ׼ָΰҫίΣҫȻṼǵ£ҫȻһ鵽ףϢүӸոյĻҫԵûҲֻһζѣ²Ϊ
ҫƱˣᶨƣ棬Ȼ˹ؼҸӵͬʱҲΪҫĻʣ֮⡣
ҫǿһʱ仹޲ߣǹһΪŵɣף׿ƳΪҪһŮԼᣬϲҳڱʣԿأԣڶԿ͡
ֳһƬ˵Ŀȫתᣬֳձúܹ죬Ϊ˵ʵйܣǼ麹龪һı飬ȷǭ¿ӲһɳҲΪˡ
ֿЦɣܱ뵽ǿˣҫһ㶣漴ҡͷ΢Ц΢˵
ڹҪʱ򣬰ҫȴǻһת˵ȻɺܿЦô˵ҲܽľٶҪĴ𰸶ѾˣôҾͲˣǣ
ҫŹһ񣬳Ż˵ͷΪɴת뿪ڹ˪ĳ׿Ƴߣոϻ£Ͳˣо仰ĳǲ²졣
ҫŹãͷҲصĿڵүӣкָ̣˵޷
׻˵ѵúͿ׿ƳΪҪְ֮ƣӦȫԸΪԪ״˾Ϲᣬǣ׿ƳЩһ֪̫ˣֻˣ˫Ŀˣһɱ޵ĵıҫ
ҫͦԹõɱûһ˿Ӱ죬Цսİҫϰ߱ɱֱȣõɱЩϹȫС׼ףȫûȵĶ
ţлүѡʱ䲻кüҪȥջҪٰݷһΣϾ¡ܶӳҲ֮ѽ
¡ܶӳ⼸úû䵱ʱĹ֮٣ֳЦأǺǣҫһЦеЦζʮ㣬¡ݺݵҧҧһӦ
ҫ뻪뿪֮󣬹һڲ輸֮ϣǰʵľ輸ĵķѣ쳣ŭ˵Сӣڵһʱ䣬ڶϷҪǲĲΪˣ֮裬ձҪٱ
״ˣ¡һμԼĸױŭˣƽĴݲȣȻ޴棬һʱҲ֪˵ʲô
µʱСĵ㣬ӽͳһжжʱ򣬾ȥ˶ĵطҪٱץʲôˣô÷й֮󣬵侲Ŷ˵
¡˵ͷӦҧҧ֮ǰҫݺݵıȣҴܣ״ˣҿҫǸɴˣ
Сᣡ¡˫ĿһԼڷ˼֮ȻǱĿۼţԼܾܵȻôûӵ˵ڣʵĻŲѡ
û£Ѿϵͳڼ濴ġСᣬС¡Լ£ҫСӣ̫̫׵ĶҪҪˣʬһʲôҲƺһύ˵ģǹˣÿڻص
¡˵ͷһպİţ뿪ˣֻʣùһ֮ΪģΧĿռʱúãͺǰһƬԵģһƬ
ã´Сһ㣬ҪҪ˲֪ʲôĺһ׵ڹöߡ
ߣܷģ֮ǰʵû뵽ֵһ£Ū˸ֲµһʱԲĲ߷ģ֮󹧾Ļص
ˣУҫҪаվ͸ûаվͲҪݾߣа취Ը
õ˵ͷڵߣڱ˵λȮӣ㿴
ɰţҽҪ㣬ƻб䣬ʱǰˣҪ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬĵص㣬ǰϵİˣڵķλͬһƬģͬһʱڶ


һһʮ ִһµʱ䣡
~~~ˣڿԳԶٺõˣ
ҫ˸ǰһɽ亣ζѰͲסҪֳ˻û룬ֻˣͷƾһ飬ӦֻʣĿˡ
գʱƸոճ˻һã֮ɽ峿Ϊһ飬߷ãĵ̽ʩѹͬʱԼһҲиŵ˽⡣
ҫ뻪һ飬һ飬Ͻһ飬һ飬ĳҫҲܵϱ񣬱Ͼʦܷſֽ
ҫλɽǣȻǴһӣȨһţֺ˳ԵԱݣչ˺ҵĵжǺˣɱˣǼɹˡ
ҫ뻪Ȼʱδ飬ʱʱ䣬ҫһʮһˡ
ʮһеͬУӸλȻѲɱҫѹ͸еĲţڵˣһƻҲѲҫˣҲûʲôѶȣϾȨ޵λҫҪѹﲻֹ
ҫ뻪һϵˣһ߽˵ʮһȫǹƪǹľٶʱûһʵĺõԲ˵Ĳõ©ٳ
ҫֻѹƣҷŹһһֱæʱ䣬ľƵꡮ¥ټˣò֮࣬˳˽һ£һĵš
ҫ뻪ƵԱ֮󣬾Ƶ꾭ƨƨߵӭӣӼƵģǫ˳
԰ҫ˵ͷֻ֮ҪеݵģҪץһ֪ģûС
ο԰ҫΪܸ˵ݣʵȨ֮ھʮָӹٶδܱȵοһˡȻ㲻ҵֱóõİ䣬õĲȣõķ̬ȣ˷Ϊϱ
ҫҲǱźֶΪ̬ȣȻ˾̷װݻİ䣬˵ĳ֡
㣬ΪʲôҪңǸ࣬ΪǹĵãͲһ䳰ȷҽѵһʲôϵ
΢ѵһ¾͹֣첲Ƿ϶ˣԺ˵ǹˣø豭⣬ȥ鳣ӲŵģȥûģҪѵ㣡
ڰҫΪ۲ĶϵζĿ֮ʣһԹʮɤſڴ뵽֮ڡ
ҫ뻪һۣһЦզզĴɤţǽ˭˳СҲûˣˣȻǳϼɡ
Ŷ׿ƳȵŮ֮ڣϼ뿪ЦƵģк
ʲôƳƳģϼЦˣ˽еģǿɲ׼ôŶҫʼ磬ʵЦ
ôˣ˭ˣųСһԹҫÿɷһЦϵĿӣһʵ
ҫ磬ҸȥҶĳӲţտʼúõģӲҲǴݲȵĻشǵ⣬˭֪·ɱ˸࣬ǴʴʣҾͽѵһ£˭֪·£ԡ
ûǰɣóǴʤˣҫ΢΢һЦ˳Сϲ
ǵȻˣҵĶ֣СΪ̧̧°ͣ౻Լ˫ǹס˫ۺľʧ룬һϲӿͷ
ҪǣûаҫȻɱӮôɣ𵱳֪˭˫ǹıͷܣп಻أϼһ۱ӾͿ춥ĳСѹѹ磬Ц
㣡ҫأӺòãȻҫĹұֵĺãҫҲСһ죬ƲƲԲ̨ĳϼεš
кúϰأǾͺãӮ˾ӮˣûҪôݵֻ֣ȥ飬ûȷ֤ݣֵĻȻǿ⡣
ǿƵʱǿƣܷſʱ򣬾ͲҪͱˣϾŸտʼ飬ִҪĺãҪѧϰһ£Ҫ̫çײˣҫ΢Цصⷬ㣬Сûз֮⣬Ϊɵĵ˵ͷСˡ
ѾͷҲŤɬһ棬ѵأšԭˣǴĶ˰ϼа룬˿Լãֿ˿ҫϸ緢ܿԼǶ԰ҫˡ
ϼҲƣзչϼкԼö԰ҫİĽ֮ǲʲôýˣϾҫɲǵء
ԹϼǱߵôľʵ
ʮˣûʲôʵԵĽչҸոȥ˰ĿϵͳǱߣѽˣмӰһ飬һͦ˼飬һ˵ˣ˵ɣϼ΢΢ҡͷһָĪЦݣڻص
˵ͷٴαĿ񣬰ҫҲǲÿɷһЦСʱ֮½ϵ˵Цģջķᡣ
һ֮󣬰ҫԾ֮ƣʨ֮Ѹײڶ֮٣ɨϵζȣѳСӶŵˣǺΪŰҫϵ⡣
ƹѲ˹ζӵĲˣҫֱڵһʱԲһ룬Ƿ·޵׶һľθ䶼סˡ
ôҸҾҲûԶѽԱ˰ɣ̸°ɣ̸ȥҹҫһһֺǺ˵
ͨûȣһƨϵճһˣоҫڵĳθƤģΧҲǱΪȻĿ⣬ᣬڳԵһ츳ϣ֮󣬽簡
ѾͷǱôҫʵ
˵ͷڻصܹʮˣǧٹ֣ǿԿóǶʾԼǹľٶĳЩкܾţҿǿڰıʲôʲô˲õĴ¡
ҫ˵ͷ漴΢΢һЦڵߵҲ࣬ʮĸӦӦøǲʵһǣٰԼΪ
һ콫ϵİ˶һȻûʲôʵϵĽչǽͬȫɣ˵ǣϹҪԼĹٶƸһɶ
ҫһ֮õ鱨ǣӱߵͨˣ˷߲㣬ǣвţиҵÿ˶вͬݣһʵȨⰵб֯Ĵίʵޱȡ
һ֮󣬵óһۣνİеˣıһ£񶼷츲صĴ£ҴʱҲһβ̵ʱˣڰҫ񶼵һǰЩ˱Գֶߡ
˵᲻ǸºĹžսйأգգ˫ۣ˵Լǡ
ţԣԲǺܴȻžսеװʮȥţȥڲ飬ʵȴǲȻ
ķнͻ˵ǿǿҪǸʱڲ߸񶼣ֻȡڻص˵õ˵Ͽɣҫͷ֮󣬿ϼ
ϼ㣬ڿ˵˵ֵǼȤ˰ɣҫЦ
ϼ΢΢һЦڵţ¿һӰ񣡷ʱȻص㲻ͬʱȴȫһ£
Ŷ


һһʮ ·䣡ѹģ
ͬʱ䣿ҫһü˼š
е˷ϰٺ˴ǹľٶϿӦڰн̸ʲôǴӳϼĻѵڻϵɡ
ˣôôĿϵͳֵ£ӾĽʲôǱڵĿƼʵһ㣬ҫԶˣ񶼽гƵ似ߡ
Ҳ˵ÿľٶʱʵڻֻཻЩϺԶɳ񶼶ľ룬ƵаĿϵͳмؽȡ
ϵͳûнȡκοԵƵƵûУǵôģüͷܲĵ˵ʵֻҪܹȡ˵ݣôһжӭж⣬ƫƫǿһ㡣
ƵĴ䷽ʽ˰ĿͳļǷΧϵͳ趨ļƼû漰ǽʱõļԱ˿ӣص
Ǿ˵ûа취ûʵʵ֤ݣֻõֶȥʣȫû취ģСεĽӹ硣
ǣ֪˵ʲôϼͬ˵ŮʶĶһۣίһЦ뵽һȥˡ
λ㣬ǵ˼Ҫĸٿ۾һԺһӱĳ˸֣Īĵȼ۵顣
жԼ֮˵Ŀⶼתҫ뿴ʲô߼ҫüͷƺ˼ʲôҲȥš
֮󣬰ҫƺʲô뷨̧ͷ˵ڻʣûе飬·һ´ҵж񡣡
ҫ磬ֱ˵ɣİţ
֪ôģʱҫ죬ʵԽԽԣʱı飬ʶľΪڰҫҲͬһЦ
һ˾ҫֱ䲻˵θɣҲǻڣǳСһζųĸоŶ˵ӣʮ㡣
ˣ״Ƴ̫ͣˣȸ£ȥеʱôĿŵĿ㣬пǵЩʵܲ˰ҫ飬Ŀڴϵ
ûĺһۣҫһ죬һһԼΣ˵ȣϵϻ̫٣е֪֪˰սյϢʵ̫٣Ҫ˵ľϢ
Ѿͷϼ㣬ڽˣͲˣǶȥĿϵͳǣˣеļӰϽͬӣɵĵطһԱȣûʲôص˿ûб֣
ȻһЦ˵ͷϼͷ֮п𾪲СҫİźȷȫǰסԼߵҪڣԼİţҲóһ棬ǡ֡
µı͸¶һ˳ᢵʣһʶĳУʹ԰ҫİԵĸо
壬СҲٽе߷ˣǵ˵תΪظ٣⽻ӴԴСĸټɣɸѡʵ˽иٵ飬ܹץһΣһɱӺһǣܵŵʱʱ򣡡ҫŤͷ˵
Ҹĵͷƺ԰ҫİ൱⣬Ϊãٰе飬ڵЩ̽ӰӾһ㣬Ŷִ̼;˷ܡ
ڳС·ʲôһ㣬㶵ĵ˵ͷĲɵı飬ҫƺʲô̾Ϣ£ҪҸһ£Ȼ鷳ֻԽԽࡣ
ʣµˣҼһ飬ʣ˵ȫ߷һ飬ܲںʩѹ±ƳʲôᣬҪ鷳ˣҪǣ߷õˣһ顣ҫǸ߸𣬴һЦݣŶ˵
Ҫһ飬νǺûҪɣ᲻̫һˣῴҫ⣬ܲĿʵ˼֮漴չһЦŰҫ˵ͷƺʲô
һߣҫû뵽Ҳսܲ뷨޵ڳһ㣬˰ҫ⣬Ŀ⣬ΨһˣãȻĿȥƺ̫
ܼ򵥣ǲ䷳Ƿ꣬Ǳ˴֮໥ϵֻǸĳϵĻôַ£ͻӴϵƽʡ
ô٣ѾͷǱܽӵиӰϽзԱȣ߸ٵĴӣҲиĻץһΡ
ʩѹѹеǸе£ǳܲסǴѹǾʧ룬䷳ţԼ¶ԣܼأϵ˵ĹŶҫŵĽ͵
˰ҫ⣬˵ǰ㣬սϵʩѹľ֮࣬Ҫһַ˫£ԻвƵĳɹ
ҲˣոǷǳԳϼ֮ڣҲȻΪ˽Ⱥ֮ӵֻۣϲߵļı뷨ҲӦ顣
ǳ԰ҫĿڣее㲻˼ˣ⻹ûûΣһֺüܣӦԶĵİҫôоǰİҫǲǱ˼ٰģʲô˰ҫƤıײˡ
ôжǿܻᱻһС˴żΪǵжڸЧʵǼƻҲᱻǸһ̶ȵķ츲أǣҲ̬֮ǰƽϢһңǿܻΪӢأҫ뿪Цʽ˵
ڳҲǣЦѣͬʱһĪ˷ܸ̼ӿͷϾִģƹѾܾúܾûгֹˣԼƵḶ́ôǲ˷ܣ̼أ
ܽɣ˴˷ֹϴ´ϣʲôʶ๵ͨУſֽȥɣҪʲôǣҲȥȨжٴȨĹǵĿɽǵĿɽжжӲҲҶ˵˰ɣǺңĴһɣҫһЦ޹˼ɵ˵
Ҳͬ¶һɭȻЦݣֱ鲻ڳ˵κһԵֻǰϵЩˣڰҫ˵ж£Щ˽ӣǲ̫ùˡ
ҹɢȥ֮󣬰ҫڽֵ֮ϣʱ仹磬˴ܶ磬Ȼ֮ǰҫǷԱ֮󣬶һ·̸˵صĻҲ䲻¼
ҫ磬ĸѹȼƻŶǲǻʲôû˵ѽһЦŰҫ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦһǷ۵գڵ龫֪㣡ʵ֮ǰ˵ĸѹȼƻֻһѣһҪǽϵ˶һ֮ϣٽпչ
ǰôȻܷҫ֮ǰ׼ƻ⣬Լԣ֪ƻҪҫ˵ġ
ҫľϲʵڲССǼ֮ˣҫôǿ˼ά˻ĻʲôԼ뷨һ㵹ǰҫ֮ǰˣȫûҪԼǿı
ѹֻһļƻѣ벿ļƻǼ˱ȣһʩѹĳЩ˿ܻᱻұƷģ


һһʮ ƾͼƣȫץˣ
ȷЩ˵ӺֹǲùֱǼѿ಻гкȣֻ֣ǰҫ˴ǵĸѹʵ쳣ꡣ
ҫ뻪ÿ߷һϵˣǰŻû߶ãٴζͬһ˽еʣõ˵Ҳܼ򵥣׿ƳոһЩ飬飬ǵĹ
һЩ˸ӵķ뺦£ʸû꣬ͬ⣬ȴֲҷ쭷˼ҴȨգʲôĺ
Ȳ˵ԼߵĻBOSSԼ̬ȣǰҫߵĿѺȨ㹻ԼһˣǲҷֻܣԹԽܣ
£Ϊ˵˵ǣǲһֶɵɵĶԼԼ֮ǰУҫ֪¸飬ǵѹȻ
ĳЩʲеģһͱҫ˵жƷˣοЩÿγţڼֱ˰мӸٵĸоǲ˷ꡢһһէɡǵȸʵǿ಻ԡ
ڰϵĳЩմȨ֮ˣʼ飬ڮٷ̰ҫˣҪ׽ɢƵĴڣȻù֮һƹİһ仰ҭƨŲ
̹С˳ݡû£Ȼ䣬±˵ô˵ʲô˵£Ҫɢƣ±ʲô
ƻˣȥͶ߰ҫ˵ĴȨߣȫƻˣĻɳӰһ˾߹ǣĻֱЦߣǻ±˿ʲô
ǰ֮һĻְȥǵɣðҫȥˣԼ¶ѱˡ
жǿĺܣԪһС²мܣ£еȫύܣ˵ڲеˣϡ
Ȩ֮һĿֲһԶ񶼸γɲãżʵģ˵жûбҪ̶ֱԣΪһֹһΣԪ׸ǲŲʡ
ȽǵԸҫ飬ҲԸⱻ廳ˣǰֻǵ飬һǾҪĽѽ
Ǻһ֮󣬶ǳϧĺͿȫ뿪ͬʱҲȷ˰ҫĿɽжӲˣֱñɽƲҲٲ
öϸʲôôֲɵˮҫ˵Ŀɽ֮һ񰡣ģоҫĿɽƲֹһ˶ѣλܣţӦҲڴС
ʮλմȨ֮һ𣬹ã籶Ҳڣߴеһ˼ƶ̶˼Ƴ˸оȻĲУǾģȨû취ѹȰҫˡ
ҫĿŵȨޣʵĪģڵ׶ΣƵ˿ӶԷȨޣӵʡѺѲȼȨ
ҰҫõȨޣǿԸÿŵԱְƵ˽Ȩ޹ģȨѹȣѹ·߲ͨ¸붼룬ǲŸ߱ԼΪôҲûô
ֻʣһ·УҫԼҫĸһдʬ𼣣ۼһȻӭĵ飬ǵ齫ֻǣôǵļƻ˳Ľȥ
˵İɱƻ˵»ڰҫܵɱϮ֮󣬰ҫŭЦΪÿԽƾͼƣԼѹȼƻ˳뵽ѹȼƻ
ڰɱϮûбӵг˼ʵİҫ˵ôֱСһҲ㰵ɱ׾ٷɱԷ
ֻЩɱԱרҵɱɹʣֱӷԾҲðҫʶûץ⵹ǰҫʼδġ
ƻʵУʵеĸȻȻЩΪˣװ׵ĸ˰ҫᣬôԼҲ̫ԲǵһˣϼǱҲͻԵĽչ
ģҫ磡ҸϼһԱȷóһۣЩ˵ݶûظÿﶼһеĲţ
ΣҲҪһۣǲڱ˴˹ͨô򵥣ǵĻ϶һǳҪˣڸǰʲôǵĵҲѾǷǸĻ֮ˣɱϮܹ˵һ㣡
һҫ㽫Լϼ۽л㱨ʱҫ񶼵һ֮Уǧƽ׵ĵǳ¾̲˼Ӱӵ㿪ٳģҲǵƵܲ
ƵܲѶҡѺҡҡϢңһӦȫṹּΪװɫΪԵñ࣬ۻ˹̲ϯʦǣ¾ŷǳǻʱ˳ޡ
ڣҫĻüͷ΢΢һ壬ʵôóڶ۵ģʲô㿴Ļ֮ô
΢΢һЦһ۳ϼҲ΢ЦͷеĿƼˮ׼ȫɿѧԺṩɽԺʿ
ⷽ浹ȥ˵ģһڴӦһᣬܲпƼһ£Ƽ޿ޡ
һӰͼƬг֮жʮңҫһЩͼƬʱ۵ЩͼƬϵȫǹˣͷ뻮һһȭҾ
ĽЩʱ裬˵Щ˾Ļ֮˵£ڽУµʱŻϰ߳ȻģԳ
Ļ֮Ҳǹ罭еĳĳߣ֮ߣȻɲ⣬Ҳ뻯֮񶼵Ŀռβ㣬ɲֽģҪϢƿûô򵥡
ѾͷҪ㱨ϼȥǵһһһҪⲿ֣Ȼ޷˾ǸĪ⣬ʵֲ쳣񶼵ͼıȻСǸϿȥҫ˵ϼҲһ˵ͷת뿪µҪԣҶ֪ȻǿصĽ
ҫ˫棬ǰһ棬һĶŻ治ţϸصùģһˣ
һԵĻ俴ŰҫרעȻ飬Ҳû̫Ļ˼һ󣬿ڵҫʲôƻ
ѹļƻѾ˳ͣѾǱƵ˼ɱֶζˣ֤Ѿ˼˵ĸôٽһ˱ʩѹҫͷҲصĿڵ
˵ɣôص
ܼ򵥣ϵˣȫץˣʣҫص
޳ɣһЦУҲ΢ЦĽ
֪ͨСǻץֱִ飬ǽǴүˣҫЦĵ˵ͷɭȻһЦ


һһʮ ж뷴
׿Ƴ㲻̫ôһɷȵеŭɽһ㣬һʰ
ǰİҫǴݲȵӣƲ·磬쳣ǰֲѹõһ¡
Ϊʲô㱩ŭΪҫ뻪䲻һкʹ˶ʮļ֮󣬶ԹõдӶ˵ɴˣڹǰѺӹ¡оôܽŭ˵ʲôðҫ˴ߡ
үӣӦ֪ҫ˰ɱϮ˰ɣҫʵ
ô׿ƳϮȻǲңӦչǣҼҴҵλȮѵǻǶĲɡòɫ˵
ʵ˰ɱҫ£ʼٸ֮һֻû뵽ҫʵǿȥˣһûлʧܵĸɴ೹ףҫһͷû٣԰ҫʵ߿һۡ
Ҳǻǻϵˣүǲϣ򣬰ҫҪ˵Բˣҫ쳣Ŀ˵
˫Ŀһɣ֮£һƽǰĸջûõĲ輸ٴĵķѣŭȵҫϷٵ־棬㻹޷˲ɣ죬һ˶ߣбԣ
磡ŵƽе񣬻ʲôĺ鷳үһ£ҫעŹã뵶Ϊǿңȫûбõһ֮ŵͷҲصĳŻ˵
Ԫŵе˻߲ţΣӺλȨ޶ߣһͬʣԴӷ۴ȨǲʿѺһ첻ȡ˵ͬҫһ˿ûнõв
үӣҪôȥҫҪ˵Ǹˣҫ˵
вô˫ȭգصŭɶһŭ糱ˮ㣬ҫȥ
Σ
ҫǱ׶һ̹ǣ˫Ŀ쳣ᶨöӣֲƣƼңѹҫֱǳ롣
˶һ󣬹÷Լѹ°ҫһ˵ĻҲҪ侲ĻӰҫϿԿԼôȥԷҳְͬһ£ʱһʰˡ
ֺ֣úýѵһ°ҫκƱǿʵɲͷ˰ҫǼ򵥣ǰҫǷȥ£Ԫ׶ͨҫ൱ڴȨˡ
Լ̲ס֣൱ڴ˵棬ʱԼûа취ܡ
ԼֻǱѺҲһܲʲôԼҲûб¶ƻûе¶ĵز
ҪˣôҪˣһȫҪ棬Ԫ׵棬㶼ҴǸûʲô̫
Ҷƻ˵ȻƻʧܣԼû˵ϣҲҪ˰Ƥǣҡ
һ㣬ֻ̾Ϣʱ̣߬˫ȭȻſ˫Ŀɱɷҧ˵ֻܿҶʮСʱǶ˵ҪаˣϷƴҲҪҫָ˵ߣͣ
˵֮һתˣ¡ã䲻ʹҲ侲糣ûа־Ų֮УԷӥսܶӳǴ䲻ʡ
۹ᣬŵȴվվȣҪ˼ţŲڵأ¡ȣίʵĿ
״ˣ״ˣҲߣȾѽᾪʧĺŵǻҫ뻪ʶ뵽һʣȮӡ
ˣ㿴ʲôӣʲôȥԺС˵úϰ׿Ƴĵ飬Ҫǹؼҵ֪𣡡ñˣȵŵùһӣҵĲ
үӣˣҫǣҫһ֣˵
ͣ
ͷҲصĺȵɰҫӴߣҫŹؼֵܣﳤȥ¹öһˣŭ졣
ҫ˳𲻱ĳĲΪˣõŭ⣬ҧڵĲõĽҪðҫѪĴۡ
ã㲻ò֣ԻҫǵͳɤڹõĶߣϲ֣صлߣ
Ƴĵھ죬ҫչ˾춯صĴж컪䡢ᡢˣ·ҪϵȫǿпѺҽԼϮ飬óƵͨ񶼡
õǡôɽ̵棬ҫǰΪҲһʱû˷ԻɣҫûϮóóȻȥѺЩˣǻ˿࣬˵һƣһ˽
峿ƵĴж籩һ㣬ϯ߲㣬ֻǹؼֵܱۣӲš桢ĺɳսӵ٣籶ϹӸλ֮ˣҲͬûзŹ
ֻǰѣϵİ֮һ˱ѺųɵˣǺԩͣŭֹȻû֫ͻϵļҳײɲȶ١
ҫմˣɲʲôƲ磬ȫǻµĺˣһ伸ѵ˻Ƶ¡
Ǳϵԭ򣬶ڱѺ֮˵ϬԴǣȫΪֻһĿģǾִרעЧȻԶͣίʵޱȣʲôĻһ֮ڣܽ˿Ѻϡ
ϹԱѺأ˵Ϲûһ˿֮⣬ǳ϶òĸˣԳһ䣬ļơ
ҫ뻪һĿ꣬гԹ籶ҫ뻪䣬ɳ籶ĸ֮ۡ󣬰ҫ˶ʱеһֲ
磡оôҫǰׯ԰ڵԵĻ΢΢ͷǿʵΣյĸ֪񵽳籶ׯ԰ƺɱ
䱸֮ģǰȥׯ԰֮Уֻһ·ׯ԰ǲķϵͳ·ȫʧһ㣬ûһʶݵϵͳûչԵüΪ졣
Խˣҫ뻪ԽǲҵģеǷΪֹİƺʾű١
ҫ¥֮ʱ̧ͷȥ¥С԰֮ϣ籶ۿ΢ϣ΢ЦĿ¥µˣҫ뻪ʱüͷһյ籶һͬѹȸУ˲߾衣
ԸǶʮ£סĸڣҫ뻪ֻǰ¥¥С԰֮к籶ͦ˫ָԶˣ֮ѹȸУԽĲ
ָӹ٣ּˣҫһЦ籶˵ֻ˲ǣɱ֮˾籶ȻΪ
ҫ뻪һۣ߿ڵָӹ٣й£벻Ҫǻȥܵ飡
ǺǣҷΣ籶ΪмĻصҫüͷ
䲻һԣμ壬ٶȿޱȣƿգ̼籶Ҫ䵱¡
ڴʱǿҵΣӿϰҫͷڵ磡ˣ
䣡
һ쳹Ӱڵһ㣬˶أһѪֱӷɳ֮⣬׹ȥ
˭ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ǰ籶ԲеǸˡ
μ棬ħߣһһݣӦ֪һаŴʥ֮һ


һһʮ 󷨣밮֮ģ
ҫûпûеģڹ籶ʱ򣬾ȫȻĶηûҫǰɾɲС
ǣֻһжѣֻһжѣ䱻׾ٵĺɣ԰ҫȻܹѣ˺ѵϸ΢춯
һǶԺ䣬ֱ۶ϣתۼˣȻҽԺҽˮ׼̶ֳȵƷַӾܸԭԶ׼ǣˣܵĸɸɴ࣬Ҳһ˿ȥж
Ӷ֤ˣǰӵ籶壬ȴԳħߣаŴʥ֮һˣǺεȵĿֲǿ
ҫվС԰ıԵͷȥԶ޴ӣ˽ѾڵĻڳ´ص棬ŽֶΡ
ǽɫ漴һ֮󣬰ҫеĴʯҲǷ˵Ǵȥƣ˳֪ͨǣ˰Χׯ԰ס
ҫĻ쳹գ¥µĺ˽̧ͷҫ漴һ񣬰ҫԼֻһǿУڻǳˣִоõڳк˵𾴡
жǿҲ޵е̹ܽ٣˲ܣҫֶܼã˲ҵ飬ٶȥ
ǺǣСһҹԴסңǸʵôռ籶ħߣΪмЦעݽħߣ籶֣ϾԪռѽ˵©ˣ
Ӧаɣ
ҫĻһ䣬ħ߶ʱоǰİҫα΢ģգ֮䣬ҫƷһǰ
ֻҫ΢΢һͣһǱͺԼؿڣһɾҵʹϢħһʱ䴭漴һֻţصӡ֮ϡ
ҫп磬챩ףһֱӽ֮ǰһħߣݺ߷ɳ¥׹ȥ·Ϊ䱨һ㣬ħߵõ뻪ͬ³
ٶ̫ɵĲӰô֮ǰһͦΪȻģڿСһȷǱСʵãȻֻܷӳȫʢʱڵɹɱҲǴ´ˣ
ٿ׹֮ʱħа룬԰ҫɱ쳣ļᶨǱСˣɱ֮죬ΪϲǱڵıϲǰ;ĵˡ
Һܺ棬аˣôôκ˲Ǳ뵽磿ôռ籶壬ô
ʲô
ħ˫Ŀ˲ɵĹԲԼ׹ٶȼ죬һ뽫ҪӴ֮ʱҫȻҲ˵ҫٶ֮죬춯֮ᣬûвжʱһ
ҫħ߽Ҫصһ˲䣬Ϣһȭħߵıţ˳һڰĳ˼£óĶη侢жֲħ߾֪ˡ
ħ߱ҫһȭֱֱһ¥֮˵Σƻһ㽫ײ˸ԴڿֲķѹԼٶȵ£ƽ׵ıһ롣
ħ֮һףٶף˴ĿĵĻ֮󣬲ֹס֮ơ
һȭľ춯أֲľǰһɳʯγһ״Ļҳֻǰҫûгʲôϲı飬ǽüͷԼȭͷ
оǻôԣҸոյľ˺ѣûô񾳵ףҫ૵ǰԭѾһıȻһը
ʯкգ׹䣬ħ߻ɢĲк֮УɢɫĹĻ֮Ƿ·һ㸲֮⡣
һЩкھ֮ʱѱֽ⣬˴ݶֵƺҫ֮ǰǾһȭûһ˿һ˺ҫҲŴ㵣ĽҲԵ쳣򶨡
ܹ֮ռݼһ壬еʲô֮Ǳһ󷨣û˷Ǳ뵽ͬһ𰸡Сһٶȣ׵ľֵñԴħޱĻصɱ쳣Ũҡ
󷨣ǰһҫһȻħԼĵˣɱҲԼǰҫϾǽˣΪ˱ôֻ֪֪ԼĵˣֻҪͻ񲻿ɷϣԼĵˣԼ󷨵ҫǺ档
ҲҪˣĺģ˼飬һַëǰ
Ԫ壬ϣ֮䣬޼Ѱ޴ȥã˿ɾԳһĿռ֮أռ಻豾ʵԪ񡣡ħ߿˵ⷬҪǱ񶼿ѧԺЩоԱҪЦħ췽ҹ̷
Ԫ񣬶ΨԺʿо˵ǲڵĶΪĽ˵ȴǵĵȷȷڵĶ
ڹĽУûǿ˵Ԫ⣬»ع鱾ģһֱȷǳǳϡٵط
ϡг̶ȣ𽭺е֮ҪϡٰٱȫԸѪ֢ߣͫߣߣطᲢۡ
ԪΪԪΪΪ飬ʩչ£ǿбƳڵľγһִڿռʵ̬֮ͨͬƳ䣬ʩߵ˼ά䣬γνԪ
ҫ˵ͷȻԼ뽭ʱ䲢ûж೤߽ʱļţԼĹʱ漰鼮ܣԪҲİħߵĽҲö
ڱΪʲôܹռ⸱壬Ҫ鹦ڱҺǷ֮ˣֻҪԸ⣬ԪֱڣԪգΪãֱեõݵʵԪٴ壬¸ڱķ֮Сħ߽˵
Ҳ˵ǰռݷҺķ֮󣬹뾳ۿۿҫһ˵
ûҪռݵʵΣ⸱壬ֻܷӱȫʢʱڵɹѣħĻصж԰ҫĶ̾ѣɱĸӼᶨ֣ɱҲͬ֡
ˣлǰͽ̣ҫǳҫٴ֮ʼ䱸дսһ׼
СһҪǵɱ㲻ɣͦǱΪˣҲգһΣֻҪ¹Ϊʦ˵飬һڱĽ̵£ĳɾͱȻԻΪаڵһԱġ°ʦɣħ׳֦ǰҫţҪа
Ͼ԰ҫչֳʵǱʸĵӣҲͬʸΪаһԱֶΪأȻٺò
лǰĺ⣬ֻǵͬΪıǰУҫĻص
Ȼ㲻ʶʱǱҲ޻˵ɣħ˫ĿһɱƺˮһӿȻܱԼôҪɣ
Сһܹڱħľ֮£಻ˣ


һһʮ ħľп֪
ħռ籶壬ԭԭסʸ޷γûȻ޷籶ڵ֮У֮һ嫡
ԭ飬ȴħϻΪ棬ʵҪ鹦󷨣Ԫħ߻˽ʱ䣬ȥɣ龫裬ĵز
֮ԳΪħԪ֮󣬿þеȫԪ֮Уռ֮󣬱ӳԼڹķԼʽ
Ҳħߣ籶񶼵ԭסʣתףʹ֮Եˡ˵ħߵ󷨣ȷĪ֮ܡ
ħ߻һ䣬ȻĿǰİҫǱ񣬾ͺֱ˰ҫһ㣬ɭȻ
ֻ˫һ絶ʮڵʯк׷׽飬漴һɫ쳣˷·Ϊһףֱҫȥգ֮ҫǰ
ħ߸߸ԾۣһӰӰ֣˫ƾӸһ䣬̩ɽѹǿķѹҫһٲΪ裬һɽ֮ƣ֮
ħľʥƣ
ҫ˫Ŀһӭǿ˫۷ת˫ȭֱϣȭ쳣ѣȭѹħߵʥȲ֣ȭƶԺ䣬ŭһɢܣΧĲкʯηɿȥ
һӴҫ˲·磬ݺݺɣܲپ˵˫ƴ˸൱ҫԿͳԿ⣬ֻս˫۽ħľ֣֮ʱ˫ۺʹѵ
еԿأû壬ڽ⣬һĵӣʱһܻܲסģսپУҫٿշ֮ʣа뵽˫۵ıȻ쳣̹ʹԼܹܣԶûдﵽʧȥսĳ̶ȡ
ħһк˰ҫ֮˳ƶһ֮ǰҪ֣ٶȿ缲磬̼׷ϰҫ
ɫ˿񱩵ĵ羢֮ϣ˫ƺƴ羢žֱ죬ֲĵ羢ҫѹһǰƲɵֱҫȥ
ħľ磡
ҫüͷ壬ħһ̫죬Ҳֲ̫ͣףҫԺһˣ˫һֳɽֵָħߵұżֵۼȺ֮䣬ֺĵһеƵ֮
ָħ߹˲ƣҫͺһһᣬ˫һħߵһǿв⣬κǿĵ羢ɵֱٴκɡ
ƵĺãСһԽԽϲˣɣħһ٣Լʽҫƽ⣬ŭЦ԰ҫѧǻۺͣˣɱҫĸӼᶨĿ֮ģԲٳɳȥ
ҫʮף֮һСѪԾ³ȥǵѪ֮󣬶ԶħߣЦǰʽѸͣڹ񣬰ҫ簡
ǧ꣬ʽȻҪǿٱȻֻܷɹ֮ɱ㡣òϣ֮ʱȫȲ㣬ԣΪаһ󻼣ձɱ㲻ɣ
ħߴһ͵ı飬Цһ֮αֱҫȥҫǿЦһҡҡͷ뵽Σʱˣʲô׾ȫɣ
ҫ˫Ŀ𣬳һ漴˫Ŀһ۰״һƬȺ죬òˣؽҧ֮дһ˿˻֮һ̤һ󶶶Ȼһͳħ߶ȥѪ֢
ǡѪ֢Сһʲôϵħ߿Űҫı仯ͫ΢΢һļʶôῴѪ֢֢״ȳںȵ
ûйϵҫһԾıȣ˫ȭ籩ף֮ǿȭδȭѹϢϯܣٶ֮죬ȭӰɼαӣգ֮аȭȭӰŭοǣһʰ
ߣйϵΣ٣Ҳ㻹Ҫ
ħһ˫Ŀⱬ䣬˫۷𣬿ʵȴһֺѸϵĸоֱ²Ӱ·೤ʮֱһ㼫Ϊˣһ˲䣬籩һ㣬ӿԷƷҫȭӰ൱
ħľ𣡡
ս쳣񱩣ͷޣ׷ҸϣתŲر任ͣÿβжԺ֮ʱп񱩵ϯķ𱬷һ㣬ͣׯ԰ڵһܲס˵ྡྷ׷ױݻ٣ԲʮһƬǽ壬ѽѷ֡
˶൱ʵ˫п֪ҫħߵİԽԽ࣬ȻԼڷѪ֢Ĵ߶£һ֮࣬ǿףڵĽڸ⵽ʴнп಻
ڷѪ֢ƶ£ҫѾﵽ˳˼ʵĳ̶ȣʵڵİȫûҲǿгܶѡ
ҫǿսԴ˵壬ѾԷİˣ֮Իܴȥȫƾ־ȥ֧ţܳŶãǾҪʼˡ
ħ߿ڰҫ೤Ĳ˼飬Կĳҫȫʩչֻǿսһʱ䣬ȴûмʲôϢģ޾֪ƣһ㣬ԽԽָĵơ
ɸеķѪ֢̫ΪʱάֵҲ̫һ㣬ʵ֮ҲǰδģзѪ֢ҲʵҲңɰҫĸоȴֱһ࣬ʵ˼⡣
䣡
ٴζԺ䣬˴˱Էľ֮ʣҫݺһҧǿסΣǿķ˫ʹѡ
ҫθȣϣڵһ㣬ħߣߺƸոջعһʱûзӦ
ҫ׼ᣬ˫ȭ˳ƺþȫͺħߵ֮ϣ˫Ȼһתη˫˫óɽޱȣҪħߵź䱩
ǺǣΪҷӦôСһмˣ
ħľ냓ڽӣ
ħɭЦݣҫһ͹ͬʱķ֣ħߵǰһɫкڶԼηĿֲ·ţ뺣̼䱻ɵһɶԼ˫۱ס鲻ˡ
ħľ냓ڽӣ
ڰҫ㵵һ˲䣬һɷֲޱȵľԼոմľһ࣬Ҳ˵ҫʮɾɱ
һʲôҫ֮ǰľԺƽһʮ׵СɽĻôڵɾԺһ׸ߵĴɽˣҫܹɱô
ȻܣֻһѪ˱ΰɳ׿⣬׹ֻ֮ʮ֮Զۼޱȣо׶ҫͣס֮Ѫעһʵ˵Ĳᡣ
̰ʤ֪䣬ĽѵɣѪֵҰݣһ̶ȵˣ֪ܲܳŵǸԮأҫٵأҡͷ̾
ģ˵ģ
ҫȻһ㶣ͻĻĪĳߣ漴Լ˫ϵȻ䡣


һٶʮ ֣һжʤ
PSһ£սʱеʽֻһֱעѣǳӦ˽⣬еʱлʽƵעУƱͰ
ɳׯ԰ǧ׿ĽֵϣΪףϰٺˣ񱼼壬ׯ԰϶ȥ
ᡢ䡢ϽãԼ֧սӵиǣϰ˲ӣ˶һȻƾޱȣܾһݣ׷ŵĴŲŲڼУ¶ͷЩԼġ
䣡籶˵ôǿͷҲصĿʵ
֮ǰѾ򵥵Ľ̬˵һ飬һҫһ籶˵ȫͨͨһɳûһһͣ籶ׯ԰
ҫ˵ʦѣ֮Ǿ䣬°֮ˣǶһ޶Ĵڣ԰ҫԲʧ
Ҳһ֮һ棬ԺһУˣûʲôΪһȻĻصҲκɣֱ˵ĳԼʧܡ
籶ʵôüͷ˵
ȫ״̬£ٷ֮ʮ򿪷̶ȣȷһ֮£ǵеκˣҸողԣԲûκ쳣˵ܰ䣬Ҳ׾٣ϼڻص
˲籶أ˵
ӦòܣΣòĵȷȷ籶ֻǡ˵һ˿ĳ
ֻʲôüͷʵ
Ժʱ򣬸оһӵ俪ڻص
ӵɣҪ¯ĴڲŻģˣĹˣѧܲ¯¯ǾԵģָӹʵʵԭסӦòӵĲѽСȵ˵
ⷬҲʲôأֻҪϹѧˣѧУȻ̣ӳС˵Ҳʲôŵ¡
Ҳ˵˲籶أ磬֪ıҶ࣬ûʲô취˵ʶ˴أʵ
˼һ󣬵ͷصеģһЩϡٵǿԪ壬ռݱ˵壬ôҲֻ֪ʦѡ
ţǼӿٶȰɣҫΣأһڻص
˶ĻشԵúãȻԪ˵ԵеˣֻĻҲǡ֣ζȻӿ죬ʼĴ󲿶ӣʼȫ񱼡
˸ոٵһ̣ǰѾԽԽׯ԰Ȼһ챩죬һȪһֱϯƲ֮Уƽ׷ΧƲȾͨһƬ
˽Ųһ٣𾪵ĿлƲ㣬ֻһ˫ĿŹĿԶеһĻϲԾչһЦ֣ҫľ񹦽أ
ԽĳԼһƲ㣬ͷˣ΢Ц˵һĪ˺ޱȵĻ
ˣ߰ɣڵİҫӦû֮ǰǰΣˣ

ׯ԰Ĵħȫ䱸Ŀǰһİҫ
ҫһȼգһ˫ͫ˵ľ⣬֮Ű˿΢Ļ֣֮ǿԲڵ±ѵһЩ΢Сʼȼƥ
Υ˵ĸо治ҫ΢΢һЦϸ
ҫͷԼ˫֣漴ݺһȭһ˲䣬ڵ̷תȵľڣһʰڽ֮С
ԭգۼԻָ˰˳ϣҫǰ±ԼƿأȻûٴǾ˲٣˵״̬ػ۷֮ϡ
˵Ĺ뾳磬ȷǲףû´ĻӦϹžڹķյľ񹦰ɣħ˵
ǣǰǼȹɣҫ΢΢һЦŤŤֽţ˫Ŀۿһ˿͸ɢħ߱ȥ
ħȫ䱸ҫ̫죬գۼֻƺޱȣڴ𾢵£һ߿쳹ķһŭŰҫĵƣצħȥ
ƣɽ
ҫͣħȻ壬ͬһƺ֮ұҫǲضãɫӿħߵһ㣬ҫĳзʽ;ͬ飬ƾ쳣Ѹƥ
ħľ༯
˸һƣһӴ֮£ȳྡྷƱһɢܣ𾢺ܵĲкһͿƾԺ䣬ͬʱһڹĻ̶ϣҫħƽɫ
ҫֱһ׾ٵĻֱֵ۽еħͬһߣƳֱеĴ𾢣˵ʱʱ죬ֻһ벻ٴζԳȥ
ҫ˫ƳɵƵ飬ۻңȣ𣬵âʵʣħߡ
ħɣشҫĵƽжմ˫ʹ֮ʱƾһ֮ɫѹһ֮ڣޱȣصܲ͸硣
˫ͣ
ħľ̽Կգ
ħصĳȣҫɲɣʽһϣʹһᣬ籩꾢ȫ糱ƺòˡ
һ磬Բ˶ħߵĶͷͷ£ѵѸƥеǴ׾һԣֱ߽ħߵƣڼ֮ϡ
գ
ħ˲ʹգƣֱ͸ڣӺһǱĵ˺ѽʸһ壬ʹħ졣
Сӣ
ħ߱𣬱ף϶壬ʮɹɫ쳣񱩣ۺƼһֲ֮ϣ͹ޱȣƥҫ𿪡
ħľһп򣡡
ǰҫѵػعվƴʹ죬һжʤɣ
ҫһȣһұ˫ƽչھʮɣһյգ˫һϣ˳ƺ˴һʯֱ׹ħߡ
ƣռһʽٳǣ
ãɽ˲ųСһһʵףԸ
ħͷȥһЦȳʮɣͬþƿƥ羢ƣɫ쳣Ũ羢Ȼһ壬γ˫Ȼ쫷һϯܣҫȲֺ
ħľռ
һײʱضɽҡǿҵྡྷɢ׿⣬ڷɳʯ̳жԺ֮ʣ춯·ףϵ˶Ĥʹѣ紵ϯʹվȽŸޱȣǰһĻʵ˵Ľ
̳ɢȥ֮ǰȥֱǰһֱа׶֮֮󣬲ֹǰվӵıԵڿȥ
΢΢һЦһȻһЦʣµȫͷİҫ˼ͷˣĽ£籶زԻڹȥ
ܳҹˣȥɣ


һٶʮһ ˷룡ͼıС
ҫ磬û°ɣƮ䣬ҫǰһĵʵҫ΢΢һЦԴҡͷӦʾ޷
ҫ־أҲҫߣļ򣬵Ц
֮ǰѹ̫ˣһӱҲôһĽҫ΢Цص
һ㣿ֹɣȣ࣬ⶼֻһĻʲôоأεҡҡͷҲ֪ҫǹ⻹ģ֮ĻĶ쳣Ĵ̶䲻˵ʲô֮İɣҲѵ
ҫĹȹȥɣȥǺܶ࣬Ϊ˵Ȼɹķж٣һ仰ʵǿ־ǿûˣôǿأ
õҫʱ״̬ȽϣİҫԿԵ򵱳ԼɹľʵķԾ
ҫǰ˼籶ʱɻԲѣڵ籶ˣħߵԪȥ١
ʱصҫħߵһ̣ҫĻռһʽǾƣ޿ޣ;סħߵһռͬǾޱȣ֮£Ҳ·硣
˵ǿһкݺݶԺ䣬ǰҫһţǿĴ𾢣ѹħߵħľޱȵֱӱҫ𣬽ħߺص棬ǰ޿ӣǿһʽıƴҫʤħİܡ
ֻǣҫʤ֮ʣħߵȻֱӳ˰ҫԺУҫǰ籶ǻ˹ȥ
СһʵףȻռݵ壬ֻܷӳɹ;ܻܴʱ˿̵ı⽭еҲѰ
ҫȻһ㶣ħܵһ˲䣬ʩչ󷨣Ԫ籶壬ػ֮䣬ֻԪ״̬µħߣ࣬ҫҲֲںηֻ˼άн
лǰޣ֪ǰ˽´ٶˣΪҫЦһԺ뵽
Щ飬û֪һΪĺأǾԼȥѰҴ𰸰ɣҲǷ£޿ɷ棡ҫԺУٴħߵĻ
аôҫ쳣૵
Сһһɶõ˲ţκѾλаɱ֮УɱˣҲԲһҪɱ֮ˣа׷ɱ½Ҫ׼ħ߿ڵ
лǰģҫҫ΢Ц뵽
ˣ֮ǰһΣԸΪʦħƺģڶοʵҪհҫΪͽ鼫ƷֻҪԼϸĴĥĳɾ͹ܹԼȼ硣
лǰʶֻҫĻش֮ǰͬٴǰʧˣʵڱǸҫǰҫҲ֪ħںηλֻ̧ͷ죬ȭһ
Ϊ֮ħ߻һ䣬㲻촫ҲøϵҫˣħߵԪѾԶݶȥ
ҫ֪˭ɵôŻȥ籶˴ߣһʵ
ҫûʻϵȣȻ˸ϵô˵˻ֻҪ΢һ䣬˵˼άܷеĶߣҲӦġ
˵ôҫ΢Цص
ȴüͷһƣ΢ͷصʦǽļ֮һһɣԪ壬޾֮䣬˵һ޵Ĵ֮ˣǵ𽭺һħߣ
ҫЦݸͷص
ҫ֮ǰľµ˵һǻȻɫ쳣ѿ࣬ħǺˣȻλʦҲһֻƬħǧǰﰡ
ٴа˹ϵаصĴɽٴѹ˵ϣҲ֪аԼʦ֮ԻΪаǧ˿ƵĹϵҲûٸ֡
˴߳ͬʱҲǳصĺܣ¿ʼ˷аͼıСдڸŵĽܳʿƱҪһȷѪꡣ
ҫǰ֧սӵĸǶ䱨ԾηԵе޿κΣᡢ䡢ϼҲı飬ðҫԵеˡ
ԼػأƲסе˷֮飬οħĴܶңԼȻҪȫΪԼȫǺݺݵ𺳵ǰɣ
ԭѾôǿôѾԾһμʩչ˰ҫж׵뵽˿˿ˣһ˲ָֻѾ԰ҫһֱ
Ȱ籶ȥΪͻƿڣӦʳʲôõĶȻȥҪȥһˣûô򵥣Ҫ׼˵֮񶼻һأҫ˵
ǣ
ˣϼ䡢ڵˣ쳣뻮һĻص˰ҫһǰˣе㲻֪һԵȴЦǿʵܵõ˵أ۵ﶼԡ
ҫεĿˣ˽ҫĻϵûʲôĻæȥˣͻ֮󣬰ҫݳǰٲãʣµȻܲץ˵ץˣʵʣæ
һ·ϣҫкȷһжаڰֻǣ֪֪аҪôȥʵ֮ң˵ʵڵģҪǸңȻڲҲһĶңʵҪƽϢҲʲô£ǣӦϡ
ҫ˼ţӦϣˣأȻҪûӴаĽӴаȷǸƣʵίʵޱȡ
ҫа֣лʸšӣһʥ֮֡ǿ𶾻·ħߣǿĲ˼飬뻯ĴߣĴߣаλ֮ࡣ
ʵ˵аԳƵǽ֮ҫʶȻ࣬Ҳ֪һ㣬뻯Ĵ߶Ҫ£Ҫ£ôλаƶˣа֮ǵ׸жǿ
ǣ⻰Ҫͷ˵аǿǿĿֲҪⷽС綼»ǻев
񶼵ĿƼˮ׼֮ߣǧǰԭƼˮ׼ȣȫ׳ϵĲ࣬ĿƼֵĹѹʱ˿̵ĿƼˮ׼԰ҫĹƿҪĹ߳һࡣ
񶼵ʵ˵辶򿪷ƼܺаĳҲҪԼķ
ȻҫҲûôϣһ㣬ֻϵĿܣаһУأеĳôа޵УЩа΢һֵʵڽҲ٣Ǿôôе϶󰡣
ôҪ෽ϣҲ͹žսŻֻǽս£ʱڲôİ壬̫ôҫ뵽
ʱڿӵһͨѶüͷһ壬ҫҲӵͬһͨѶʾţ˫ɹʶžսǰУʱ䣺Ϊʮ󡣵ص㣺ռս


һٶʮ ǿĹ䣡бս
ӵҪȥɹ״̬ɱãܣҪɳȥܻǱһأ
֮У֮ϣһڷ꣬ٽڽݰϴһֺƵ΢ЦŽµİڵصħߣЦ
ħ߰ٵأͷ̧ԵüΪǫڻصӾǽкճһţ츳֮ߣҲƽټӣӻؾˣ¶ԣܱҵãǱҪ֮
ħģۺеأ΢΢һЦڻص
¾䷢ԷθҲ˵ӽܻһ󻼣¶ܶȥӾԲɳȥħйоصĻص԰ҫ۾Ӹ߲£Ҫ֮졣
ֵħۣӻôǱɣһаռƻʵУ˳㽫ӳɣ국˵еļƻȻйأΪа˳Ʋа񣬳޼
ҪԶôħ߿ʵ
޼΢΢ҡͷЦܹ㸽壬ǿһҲֻ㷢ӳɹɱ˴ӣݾߣ²㶯֣㰲ĵɼƻͽ԰ɣ
԰ħһ뵽ֻҪԷԴҫǱɣֻǣ԰ĻԴô
ħ߿ʼǵ԰˽⣬Էδػ̫ѽִǿ϶ȥִУֶֻӵԸǾԲΪģֻύԼȥôڳҫıͶκγ޼ˣҲݲԼֻȻܡ
ˣȥɣ֮󣬹žսҪʼˣһ׼ãýⷽرͲӦôڵĶ𣡡޼˵ħҲǵͷǣ˳ȥ
ħ˳֮󣬳޼뿪Ȼͦεˣһ֮Уվȴ͸¶һɵа˿ȥɲ⡣
޼̧ǱŮ˻Ҫϸ۵ƣǰһ㣬һռɢֻ΢΢һЦ̧֮Уͬռһͬʧ١
ʱһɽ֮ϣһƬĿռͣɢÿռ֮жһܹ߳ˣΪ֮аа޼
޼ͷߵɽԵʼմ崺Цݣͷȥɽ֮£֡
֮ķֲϰ֮ԶǿϢֲƣէ֣ǿĹɣʵ˵ȵҲضá

ָӣžսΪͻȻǰ?񶼰ٲ֮ϵĵھʮ㣬ָӵİ칫ҫһõǰ塣
ҫʵǰ˼⣬˵Ļڷ˼֮ϣаµӣǲ⡣
֮ǰҫҲԼ뷨һǶȣԼһ£ԼȻе㹦򣬵ǷһҫҪʰ·ġ
óĽҲҫıϣавµӣȻһҪͷڲһǿҵǡ
֮аγ⻼лһľңҪͷҲֻйžսʺϵˡ
ԭҫֻҪһϵǰͻ飬žսѹֱȫ֮ٽнս
˭֪ҫûϵ͵õ֪ͨսǵûѹ󣬷̫ǰһʱ䣬ҫкǲãҲ֪⼸λ«ʲôҩҫеƵĺܡ
˻Ǵ¸ûϵԪ׵˼ϳɾȻܿʱİҫԹͽͲдˣƫƫַãæڽ͵
Ԫ״ˣµΪʲôҫһĿʵشеˣ˼
壬ȥæɣ˵һͷĳĿޱȣʱһ΢Цİļ򣬿ڵ
˵ͷתȥֶŰҫ΢Ц˵ȲҪż£㣡
ҫ̾Ϣһ˵ͷոյҲȷԼļˣҲ̫ʧˣҲǳû԰ҫҲǱֳ˷ǳѵõĿġ
Ҳ֪ԸˣʲôԭҪǻɱˣնеκһСУϳȥιˣݲЩСΪƵȥˣҫôͷһûܵͷˡ
ʵģ籶ս⼸ежȫǿģûһ֪ġ
Ԫ׶֪ˣӦñҸϵɣҫƲƲ죬˵
΢ЦͷڵΪ֪Ż߽ͬսǰĽѽ㵱Ŀϵͳǰ費ɣеһд綼аµʼٸߣѾ൱ˡ
¼ûбҪٽȥˣˣҪľȫսսʼǵҪҪóֵ׼С
ҫ˵ͷҲǣȻԼĵ鹦ûҪǰҫǵĲӽѹȣħҲôı¶ԼļıҲ˺ܴĳɹ˵аİǱҫƳġ
ˣϰٺô죬ȫѺô˵ʵڵĻ治öǵ¼ͱȽ飬ûƾʵݣöҫüͷ΢΢˵ʵڵģ治ճ
һ㶣ҫĹǶ˵ԵеûʲôҪһˣ˵ҲˣǹˣȨܣûһֱӵ顣ĹȫûбҪһĳЩˣǰ⣬ֱӱ£ô򵥡
ôҫǾȣԼĹƺֵȫֵһᣬɵľܰƽ
Ȼ㻹ôʹһô鷳ֻؽ˽ֱ˾УûҪѼ򵥵鸴ӻȨȻҪֱ˵һ㣬ۣҲа취ԷµΪֹǲùˡ
˵ǻͦбµģԭһµޣֻ֮һʱץĻ֣ò˵ѹԣЧʣôģҾ˵˵΢Ц˵
ҫ˵ͷȻЩǰԼ뵽ƺİ취ԼҲֵУҫ˴ǣԭԭĽԼʱ뷨뿴˵˳ѹȵļƲߣԼһȣôﵽԼĿģֽζֲ˼
ԭˣЩ˻˲ãıԶǣǶıÿ¶ŵľ´жͳһǶֳۣܽѵķѹôǸ񡣡
šҾˣȥ˵ʽƣýɢˣսƵ˫ְλƵȨһܽܶڲ¼أôľˣһﻰ£һʧڰҫǰԵʱ䶼ҫʧӰ١
ҫǸˣ˶Ƥҵ죡Ҳô


һٶʮ ɱһʽ
žսʲôһֽװսϵĽ˫óԼⷽսԶݵķʽ໥ѧϰԼ˴˽ĵãΪ֮սҲһѵ
ȻҲֻǱϵ˵ǣʲôѺãʲô˫Щ쵼˵ʵͳͳƨֻһ˫Ϊ֤ԼⷽȽǿƴսһϴֶζѣĿҲֻ
һĿģ˵ҲЦ˫װս˵Ǹǧ翿ϰʵǿ翿ĿƼµҲ·硣
˫սϿ˵˭Ҳ˭ôǳϷĸˡһ仰˵޵һ޵ڶͷ仰ܺõڹһĿģ֮ÿһ콻սĲɿͷѪ
ڶĿԵñȽʵˣǾǽսĻʤһҪóԷָﵱͷн
񶼵ĳЩƼԼϹžڹķһЩѴΣһЩԼһЩޣ񶼵ĿѧԺҲĽǽսԴ
ˣžս˫ĸ߲˵ʵ̫бҪˣӮ˲ܵõޱȵĽ֤ԼʵȶԷʤǹžսĿġ
ʱգսѾ˹ٽ죬ÿʮһΣ״򲻶ʱϻǰӺ󣬵ǵоûмϹ˫ҲǻʤҪ΢ǹһ㣬ΪӮĴȽ϶ࡣ
ңÿεĽսٰ죬˫һЩϵ飬ֵµĿƼĹ˴۽磬磬ҲһЩеĺ֮㣬ʣպҲȻΪһ
˫óԼĳȥԴһĽսǺƴޱȣ˫νǢ֮񶼵ָӣôһ㲻Ѱ
ζõսǿʮֹ䲻˵㳲еĸ߳ңίʵޱȡ
ĵײвսͲ˵ˣǶսǾżҽеĳаͲ˵ˣιһĴͳһָӣ˵ιžս쵼ˡ
ǰ˼ҷֱǣµһаɡħšѩѱĹ𸮡ʥءǧ¡عȡһ塮塯ܻ֮桮š֮ɾ
˴ǽһһĳβǾ񾡳ô򵥣еʲôʲô֮ɵ쵼ȫˣ֮׺
ߣָӿߵĳս֮Ҳǵһʱеѹɽ
˻ȥֱ֮һܶԱʮָӹȫɳָӹѱľдȡҹĻ֮󣬵óһۣ˲
ȻѴģô񶼾жսųɣ͵ĿƼȫó˵óԼĳ⣬սһ
ڱ񶼼ĽˣǣҫʱüչڼԺа̾ƺǱʲôѵˣֻܿҫԼҲﲻֻܿŰҫıӰοЦ
һĹžսԲһʱ䣬Ҳ峿ҪʼһĹžսˡ
ʮıսҫҲһȣʦǽ̳һ˲ͽܡ
СʮҫϸĽ̵Ѿɱǵƪȫѧᣬ䲻ڻͨηŶûдﵽҫԨ֮
ѧƪĳС䱾ʵ˵ͻͽȫͬնԼĽϼԼᡢҲͽֻǲһ߶ѣʵԼ
ҫ̺˳СԷǸмм԰ҫ㺸ӵŪðҫһͷ󣬲ǲܾСڹĽ˵檣ƽĺܣػ鷸
ǣⲻҪԭҪԭǰ֪ôȥһ˵Էһ¶ԷݣԣôһֱţƽʱһСԶԶ㿪Ҳüԭ֮һʵԭԼ
ҫٽ̵СͬʱԼҲû£ƽѵɿ̿ڷܣᱻ´ϣôӽ˼ҪͻƵĶ
ͨ¾ŵ֪԰ԼϵһԼͻʵǾǻĶͷ˾ǴƵԶ죬ҫڵһμʱ򣬾ѾλߵĲֻǣԶĲǳ˰ҫ
ӳ¾֪ԶҲɱǣҲڳ֮ΪȻɱĹԶѾ׹µĸ߶ȣȻɱ֮еռؼɱһʽ
ɱһʽɱһǱУҪϰãǰǽɱƪ죬ʹ֮ƪĽ£ܵɱһʽĴڡ
Ҳ˵츳ڷȱһɣֻԶ˵νɱһʽҪ죬ⲻȶηķƪֻҪڶɣɱһʽ˵˾һָоѾ֮ĸо
Ҳ˵ҫҪôҪԼǻ֮䣬ֻеΣһ˲䣬ŻָоҼһһ룬оûмʱ֣ôҫˡ
İҫ˵ɱǵÿ˵ѾﵽһѾγĳ̶ȣݣԵеСˣɱǼֱͳ˰ҫһ֡
˵ҫҪɱһʽӦ׾ٵ飬ȴһ׶ûС
𶾻ʽսʱʱҲǧһһߣɱһʽûг֣ħ߶սʱͬҲһ֮䣬ûг֣ɱ򣬻ѵ˰ҫ
ڰҫʹԶ֮󣬶ԷȴǳɴĻش˰ҫʣŵ˴ʱĳüչ̾
ҪԼȥˣɱһʽȻȻɱıУȻɵѧᣬӣģúõȥȥܣౣ֤򵽵ʱɱһʽԲʧҲǱأ
ҫԶĻʱֿЦõĸоüͷЦУɱһʽʹôôɱǳ
ʵɱһʽҫ򲻵ǡǡ෴£뵱ҫѾһε򣬶һ˾˵
̫ɽѰҽټ֮ʱֻʥڵİҫɱһʽ˺ʥлĻȻûô˶ԷĳɹѾ㹻˵ɱһʽǿ
ֻԺɱһʽҲûгֹټϰҫڽлþԵУõɱ֮٣ԣֻɱһ׼ãò֮Ҳ𽥵ıҫָо
ʱҪѰصָоʵϼѣǰҫٴγ׵Ľ뵽ֻһ˲Ҫĵزɱһʽǲչ¶âˡ
ҫ̧ͷҹգ̾ϢһҡҡͷŻ˳ȻĺãھԴҲ벻ʲôԼͽҪѹһһ뷨طϢȥˣϾһ֮սڵ


һٶʮ սǰϦӣ
žսľսǰϦ˫綼Լıսʽˣһҹˣȫֹͣѵ˿⣬磬Լɵ£ߣǷһЩС
ŵפء
ŵĵһҶ溮˪ĿǰλҪĳϣҲλҶķɿӥֽţŻᵼҶޱ֮У㱻𶾻ɶʬ
ǰɪɪ̿ڵصĳϣҶӰͬһһǿޱȵĿ־壬Ҷ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷתһӣȭ˵ʦ𣬳³ϵѻ٣ɢҲѾܵӦеĳͷҿ¾ô˰ɣ
ŶͽʲôʱôĴˣҲգ㣬⣬ģһ͵һ˰ɣ
Ҷʦŵһ֮𾪺裡
𾪺Цһһӣǰռһλ³ϱһɳʮ⣬ȫ飬ȥͽ̧ߡ
ˣյĽսָܴӣһǲŷϸ㣬סҪ̰ðҪʵ𾪺һתʧ٣»
Ҷﵥϥأ˵ʦʦ𡣡

Ĵңפء
ʱһռ֮ڣҵһĵȰԼܰҪɵ¡
ðⲻлôҫСڳԵĺãĺã˴٣̹ˣͲҪôˣ⽻սɲǶϷ˾ˣɿЦģ
㹦ҸЩҲ΢ĴڣûָȨȫֱս˵Ҷûȫˣȥõģ
ܰɷĺһۣ˵֪ұҪҲμӣʸף
εԴĶͷʵԼûӣβԼûӣҲҪʲôӳ鶼Ψص£ܷ
㵽ҪʲôʲôôҪҪҪͷʣʵ
պԶ񶼣ǻص֮Сܰһ˫Ŀһ˿ĲɣΣϸĻص֪ҶΣǵֻаҫһ˶ѡ
ģСӣðװ׾ҲǿһȦҲˣݣôʰ㣡ݺݵԼܰҫû˵չܰչ˵Ļͦס
磬ȰˣѾôˣҪңܰһ쳣ļᶨƣһֲݾܾڵ
ˣϣˣٴҡͷĻܰһ͹ĺҹ֮УӰ۵糸ٶȿޱȣܰӦѨ㣬á
Сã⣬ʣ͹ԹԵĴѨʱԶϸôһӣϴаҫ߱㣬ŻȥǽʱͬգžսޱֻҪհٱҲ׼ȥƳ˼üŪ۵ܰһۣͬ뿪
磬ÿҵţ

פء
λ㣬Ĳȥôյ˵ǰλɵĽǣפֱ֮ӰˣԼҲǣҲ˵ʵƵ
ҪϢǴôҫû£ӸλҲӦ÷Ĳǣʦ˵ˣһҪ󣬳뿪⣬в߽Ĵʦ㣬ҡҡͷʵ
ҾҪȥʲôҪһμʲôžսץĻصΪѾ֪µĻش仰Ѿ˵˲ʮΣǶֻõͬһ𸴡
УҺܺ棬ΪʲôǼҫɣʲôôҪҪ˵һص
ǽ㣬Ҵ仰ҫɣʵû취˵µ˵ͷ
СаѾɳֻ֣Ϊɱ

аפء
һŮ಻֮䣬Ϊ׵üĿ㣬ͦΣü֮ʮ㣬аŴʥ֮һŵ԰
ߣֻһСѣе츳ҲԶְɣǰϹͷԽԽСһз紵ݶսս̻̲գֱǲ֪νһӣ±ķǳɫֽŸǣļΪ죬Ψһ¶Եúǲм
ʥ֮УаԪϣһȻʳŲ꣬Ϊ׳ɵǿ֮ˣʷܳƶˣȻҪǵСʹȷдŮĸ̬磬òǾɫʱһĺ⣬ƺпڶܣ²졣
ˣ죬ʵûʸͷ㡣ǵĻҲ޵¾ͽɣм֣㣡ڶǰ԰ͷҲصص
˵ʵڵ԰ҲñĺܣԼʲôݣԸһиոСëͷΪԼŵȫûΪֱӽȥˣȻ
֮ɱҫҵͷһһŮͬʱϥأĻص
԰һһŮŵĽɱʹֽǧ硯ǵǣɱҫ
žսľսǰϦ˫׼ֻǹĿģƺûб濴ȥô򵥣˵ǰӿ
峿ʱͬҫ˸磬װ֮󣬰סһʻϵŶ˵˵ͷ΢΢һЦҫҲͬͷʾ⣬˳֮һţﳤȥ
֮·洦ɼսӳԱԼʿԼһ̨̨ߴĻڰ˾һ̨̨̬죬ߴ뺷Ĵ߿ƼսӰҫ߾İҫۻҡ
˵üĴӣĴӣչԼ֤ԼĴӣ԰ҫ˵ҲǴӣ֮⣬ܸеĶⳬ˵˷Ī
ҫһװȻսװף˻ûдϣ˵ս
ҫ´ᣬһĹٴα⣬ǳ˼ҲǳصģɱǼս֮ϱȻʡ
ⱸսʮҲųĽݣÿǸֵѵĳ̶ȣЩĴүǶųһ亹ɹȻö˵
ﵽ˼߶Σϼ磬ǿ׵ǹⳡսӱǳ£Ժ˵񶼾Ůսһ棬ǵ֮ĵһˡ
ȵĶˣ΢Цͷڵ׼˰ɣ߰ɣĿ꣡ռս
ҫһЦܿˣضˣǰȥžսսԳһĿռս


һٶʮ ռս뿪ս
ռսκһ˫Ĵ֮£ٳһڿռ磬Ǹ֮ͬ
սĽΣ߶˵˫ĸԴӪֻ´Ӫʤܹ·֧·ʮ֮࣬۸ӣ
·м䣬һϪᴩʼգķĽǽɽЩɽ֮УֲһЩι״ɱ벻ջ񡣴ʱ˵˭ռ˱ˣͿ˫ôȥãƾźսսˣҲǹƽ
·ϣ˫ƽֲ˾ݵ㣬ÿݵٹֻνݵ㹥ƣܼڴӪֲͬӪԼӪȫʽķ̨ΪֶΡ
ֱӹ··ݵĻôݵԶһȻϣ޵еģô򶼴Ƶ޵ϣԣҪ˳ƣֱӪҹƺľݵ̨ٳ֡
ռս˫ĴߣǧĲƸ죬ѵ޿޵ĵزΪ˫Ϊսսʹ⣬ûбʲô;ˡ
ʱҲǾ˫Ĵȫģ߱ȲҲ˵ռս죬൱һѡ
ڿռսΨһһͬǣսˣǾˣûʲôԼʶ壬ʶԻع鱾˵˾
пôûս£ȴǷϣûд̵ľӣ䱻֮ΪӣûмѪľˣҲ֮Ϊˡ
ˣԭ˫£ȥıռսֱӴͳս¸ȴһֹ
񶼵ĸ߲ҪͨÿһεĽսԼⷽľһѪϴ񣬹絹Ҳνͬ˶Էԭ
ڹЩվڽ۷ĳ˵ʤ̭飬ЩҲˣҲˣûʲô˵ģееӢۺҪƶٸٸҲ˵Ҳ˴š
ֻҪ߸ϣŽеһɷչˣżҲ֣򷢴ʱ䣬ҲֻеԼܵƻ߱ĳʱԼžսľУŻúõһ°ɡ
ЩĽǣ˹еʮμһĹžսսдûй󣬵ҲòͶԵȵǿս
ľӾʲô̶ȣʥһеţֻһǰߵСѣҲ΢еλѣҲСӶӳĳ̶ȣʥڿʼŻе㻰Ȩ
ֻеϵĸ֣ʸ󷽽ָӵȣνսָӹ٣һаĳڳǿߡ
Ǿ뻯Լ뻯ϵĴߣ񶼵ˣһֻΪߵĹݣⳡսͷ㣬ǲ֡
Ϊʲô֣ϻǳֻСôսսôǵʵѾӼıĳ̶ȣܹգ֮䣬ֱӰѿռսƽпܣǾĲôˡ
ĲһȥôվսӪĻ⣬Űҫˣʵ
ǵһβμӽսܶطǺϤȥҲûʲô̫õģ΢΢һЦ˵һԵİҫҲǵͷ͡
ҲԳıײѽ˵Ĳַıǰģѵһ׼̫ϧˣԴʧ˵ƺԲıЩŻ磬ԵսԼǣܲ
ҫŬŬ죬գգۣʾԼԣҲûĹ˰ҫһۣ΢Ц˵磬أƳҫƳıЩȷǲ١ðҫıص֣Ҳȫû⡣
һеǰһǧµСսۣ߽Ƶսܷӳһ˼ϵĴս˵Ƕ˵ıҪԲˡ
һǾϵĲ㣬ڶǵǲϵĲ㣬һ㣬㷴ҪʤǺܶŶϾô꣬ںϵİѿأսϵǲľ飬ҪԶʤǶأ
ȥ벻ȥս˵̫õģҪǳıײߣỵأ
˵֮˼ĵ˵ͷŶ΢΢һЦҫľΪԼеıʹ侲ĵóʺԼλãΪһ֮ˣӦеľҲ͵ĺܡ
Ȼô֣ҲͲǿˣսݣܲ˵ģ㲻ƴ˰ɣ΢Ц˵
ҫǸ߸ʼ磬ʾͬ⣬Ҳ΢Цͷ࿴˰ҫۣԵúܹ죬һֱûж˵ֵĺܣҲ벻Ȼҡҡͷҿȥˡ
Ťͷҫڵҫ磬ûһֱô˵Ĭȥ
ҫεҡҡͷĿЦҹҫ˯ʱϢĳ˯͸ҫһŵɫҩ裬С
˵ҪȵʮСʱڻ֮󣬲ܿ˵Ҳ˵;ҫ֮Ҳֻǰ仰²Ҳ֪Ǻ⣬Ūðҫβѡ
羫񾡳ҲʱһĴӪУչȻоΪָսսҼǸִ˭˭
ġıġԼսӵָڷԼѾﵽ˻ʷĳ̶ȣʵֵúܡ
ֲ£ȫ֮ʱžսһָӣϹѹⳡĵķ˵ͳϣóսԲ𣬵㣬ɼ䱾˵ȷǶı۲Ŵ֮ܡ
ûιһָӹ٣ʮָ֮һ񶼶ָӲָӹ٣Ϲס
Ϲεָӹ٣޳ǰҫ벻ģ֮ǰᣬ˼Ϲʱ˵ε˼㣬Ϲ׵Ǵȵĺܣǰӵ˸Ц
ͨϹ׵ҫˣΪʲô֮ǰǣϹףΪϹҲɼԪָյҪ£˵ôûѡȨ
ҫ˽µӣҲʵ֮٣˫ʱʱϵĲ죬ϵĲ죬Ӷ˰ҫϹ׵ҲǱǰӣв١
ҫҲϹ׵Ϊ˺ͣػһԸ磬侲͹ۣ˽һ˫Ըζ¹죬˽˽ˣϸǷŵúܿҲֵһˡ
ϹóսԷʽһֱص̽սԣôһ仰֪֪˰սʤԷʵٽԵơ
սֲԵúƽ½նƽֲ·ϣʮ֧սӣŸݵֱ֧սӽвʣµľ֧ǱҪǱȥһֿԮʣսפشӪ
һСʱ˫װʱȥ֮һĹžսʽ죬ʽս
ҫڴʱеĵɫҩϣǻָ˵ڵĵһ仰ǣҪǰߣ


һٶʮ սǿԮ
סԮϾ͵ټһСʱǾܷΪʤǰߵĵһݵУһߴ׳˫Ŀ֮Ѫ˿ƣҧгݵ׳ǰͷڵĸ٣һʧǵ׳Ƕݺݵš
ӳǼԱѴﵽ˳ңһСʱûһСʱˣһݵ㣬ǿزȥˡһٻعң̾
ģҾĵļһϳȥˣ˭ٸҾģԽزסҲøأֻʣһһ䣬ҲҪȥ׳ҧسٺ˵
ſڽʿǰһĻ˲Ҳ֪ò׳ȥһʱ俪ʼ޴ֻܹԹԵվһԣ׳ĻΪ
ӳңҲҪ˵Щ˾бݵΧʩѾȫݻ٣ʣľʿǧˣһ뻹Աפصսܶӳͬǵжʿӳٸȫսӳزȥˣʣľʿ˰ɣ֮󣬷սҧҧ˵˴ʱ˿̵ΣѾơ
νƱǿҲˣʵǲòˣ䱣סݵȫսһʵųʵǲѶΪ֮
ģٵĴʵ֮׳ŭĿԲγǹҪ䵱Уʱסû緢
ľƶ·һݵ˵ȷ᧿Σ˵һ㶼ĴҲ֪ʲôĲƳɣȻ񶼵ĸ߿Ƽ֮ء
Ǹ˹ȫ䲻öԷķ㣬߿ƼʧȥԭãôһȻԵ·磬ûҪĹ˴ⲫʲô
ֲòҲ˹ӵĳֱֱӽ񶼵ľѹУֱ֮Ӵ򵽾ݵĳ¥֮¡
Ĺ˸ʥڵĸ֣ڹʽһϣһа٣ټϳս̬񶼾ЩսľʿȵģǶսʱƾһأԷԽԽ£񶼵ľʿǣԽԽйȻڽڰˡ
񶼵ĿվսӣҲûжս㹻ƣпվҲзɿտѽ
ھƸոΣ֮ʱϹ׹ϵվƴӣ䳲ڵһʱն𣬸ȥս
ֻǣǸս֮ӭŷɿտʵһǰЩķͷɿտǰδģʮǰĹɿտֱĿȫǡ
ͽṹӵľϸսϣֱѹƴӣһ棬ʹǱʧ֮һķɿսսãʹ䡣
Ϲ׼Ʋʱ´ﳷ£֧ӿռϵͳųɹ룬ķϵɿտҲû׷ҲûжԵдֱŤͷߣͬر
һĻƴܶӳ˼⣬ԷռƣؿϣԼĵһݵһӶѳŵȥռֳˣֵսʵһԴ²͸Է⡣
վָϣԭͱӴĶ׵񶼵沿ӣһվˣ˵йҲ֪ĸʿͷתܡ
һӣ˶ݵָӵĶӳסҲֻȻĸһˡ
񶼲սֻųˣǿͱˣûеֻֿӵ񶼾ӣɱ˵Ǻ˱ԿҪֱ࣬ɱݵ㣬ٳ¡
ѹ֮籾֧פصսƣ˭֪һ׼ֱչնжǧսӳԱս֮⵽˶Է
֧ܶӳ٣⵽ʮʥڸֵΧɱһҶս֮󣬾ɱ˶Էʮʥڸ֮󣬲ǧʿȫûһ˽ѣлӣҲ֮ԡѪս
֧սӿ˵ǱѪǧɱ˶ԷǧˣűԷ𣬵ʱһĻò׳ûܣûսеֻǰĵˡ
սӲ񶼾֮ľӢһǣ൱˽ܣΪۡ
֧ս׳֮󣬹˾ӣҲǱֻʱձϪ·Ľ紦װСʱ֮󣬿ʼǰߵĵһݵ㣬չҵĹơ
ʵֻ·ĵһݵ᧿Σ֮ƣ··ĵһݵ·Ҳò˶٣ĻطֱƣƣȻӲѹ
·֧սӣ·֧սͬննĸɾ䣬ʿȫҳ̶
·ݵ㱻Ѿʱϵ⣬˽һǧˣ񶼾˽ˣֻʣСèֻǿš
սŸոմСʱȫ·磬ľӣ񶼾ΪһΣ̻֣ս
̫ƽҲżżڲСңƽϢ׵ĺܣеս»϶ʵģս϶ȹȻʵ硣
սɲν˱ͳȥ˵ģҪģ˾ˣиĻᣬĵģ񶼵ĴҪԼľӼסһ㣬ս
Թ·ĵһݵ㣬ѹ͸ۿžҪƣǿ֧ŵڣΪϣǾ֧ʱ֧ԮսӾӢ
ǳô˵ĻԴȥ¥Ͽôһ˾ݵָڳصա
һŮھݵսָſڣеüĿ㣬ʷǷŮüĿӢˡԽͯŮȥˣڵǣͺһսϷƵġ
ĹӸ縻ŮôſڵľȥˣˣҰѺȥֱǹУ
׳ڱտھǹУҲֲѷңļ٣Ƣ𱬵ԼѹѹסСңȻŭɶ
׳һ㣬овԣžսӸ縻ŮܽôϸһŮ򣬱Ӿٵϲḻޱȡ
ٿŮ֮ͬҲһ㶣漴ֵĿϲ֮ɫǣǰǿԮˣǰŮǰҫ
˵ĵ˵Ǹǰ˴һǿ룬ҫ˵һɳ죬˲֪˲˵ʵ˵ֱǿĲϳǶһҲ֤ԮѵݵȻɱ
ҫ٣٣ǣλʵڶԲ𣬸ոû壬żͷˣҲˣ̫ˣôսҲ˶ô׳Цݲû˺һսӣҲԮ·ɱô򵥣ѹȥпܡ
˵ӰսʲôĴڣսǾľӢӵĻôĴսӣսеľӢˣӢеľӢѹȥô׵Ҫ
ҫ˼ɦɦͷε˵ûϵģķӦƺƲ̫ðɣֻȹһ¾ƣǴֻսӽԮӦù˰ɣ


һٶʮ ѹһ
ûôûϵ֧սӣ㹻ˡ֮ǰʵǲ˼ΣͷˣλٲҪȥ׳˵ͷеĴʯǷ֮ǰȾһ亹Ц˵
ҫͬʱ΢΢һЦҫҡҡͷʾ޷ʵ֪ôƺ
½ξ
׳һֱŰҫһ񣬰ְ˵ҫ»λκζ˵Ȩ޼ߣսӵĸ٣ʵȨʵҪǿ٣оҲһ𾴡
ʱǡҹݺ쫷֧սӵܶӳͬʱָңд֧ǿԮʵϲ⣬Ц沿
Ҳûʲôӣϸѯһս£˽һ¾֮ڳĴ£¥֮ϡ
ǰһĻ˵һԭֻʣǧĹǧʿԼϰټܹǻظԮԳ¥пʹ򣬴һһݵļơ
⻹ҪģǰĹȻ˶࣬磬ҲǿĪҫԼܶӳעĻǹ󷽣Ʋӡ
Ŀ絶֮аɱ˫ָļƣ캬Цģƺʤȯգʹ˰ҫ˵ĵҲ˿ûʲô֮٣ûнҫ˷
ߣԮˣһòüЦ
Σ޷ҲжһȺϰˣǱֳսҲνսӻǿĸֵһᣬͬǵԮһѹ˰ɣһӣ赭д˵Ǹ٬߰񣬽ҫΪһĴڣ˿İҫ˻սʲôӰ졣
ѽ˰񶼾Ȼһһľɫʳָ󶯰ٺ٣һüۣĿӣֱĶţһɫ࣬ˮ췺ĳɺˡ
ӣͬʱһǻɫжӣкҪͷԼ治䡣
ڽҲСħűڶ֮һָ澭Ҳľ߻Ѵʥڡ
һɫӣǽһɢʿлưƽΪսթɫԣϵĹҲǲķצ飬аޱȣʥڣʵС
ݾҪԸһǽеĳ֮һħӣ
һС๦ʦ߳ɻħĶžɾһǰʽ֮ǿֽʯСǰøոʥڣ˵緢Ȼ۸ڶʵӹ֮ǿ
˸ͷǰලս£ͬʱΪѹ󣬵ָ֧߳Ԯ˽Ⱥ֮չѻ
ֻԵúģ񶼴ʧ˽֮ģ治̫񶼾ӣǰҫˣҲɲûн䵱һвĴڡ
¥֮ϣưƽаĿⱻüֹߵİҫ˵ҫ磬˵ᣬ䱬Ĺۣ
Ϲ䲻ҫ񣬳ưƽȥԷɫе񣬵ȷ
ܣҲû˵ҪѽԴص
ûʣҫƲƲ죬ֹš
ǳҫĶԻƺûнǰΣ̫һ£ǲһ£ǲģæʵλܶӳҫ٣٣֪ǽսʲôݵĳ¥Ϳֲ֧סˣػǳӭУ´ɣ
ҫԳĻ޶ԣһĿų¥Ĺǣҫ˵̬ȣֱüκҪ˼ҵսسǣһʱ伴ʹҲǷá
ܶӳҲǺĿŰҫ뿴ʲôƣҫ񶼵¼ҲǶ˵ǣǿǶ˵ĴԼΪսӵܶӳġ
ֻ˾õ޹İҫܲڴĴսۣ˵ҲǾѶ˱˶Բߡ
ǵļԱ൱أȱȫͲóӭˣ¥µĹӭսҲ룬Ǵ˾ˣϾȺ˵նжսӵģǵľݵǲˣǻˣǻǿ԰쵽ģҹݺսܶӳ³ǿ˵Լ뷨õ˵ͬ⡣
ʱ򣬰ҫԼ뷨³ܶӳô鷳ŶسǾͿˣ˽Ұɣ
ʶĿҫҲ̲סˣԴŭĿڵҫ٣֪ʵǿսǹҼңӢսǰֻԵֿЦҪһ򣬰ҫ٣ǲ̫Ϸ˵㡣㲻æ⿴źˣܸԼ棬ѹҲû˻Ц㣡
˵Ļеˣȷ̫ս֣оܿ԰ҫҲṳ̂ϳ¥ߣ΢ЦһôȷѪڣҾҺбҪһ£
ŰҫŵЦݣʱϲЦտŰҫ˵ͷȫȦˣгͬһ뷨һ򰡣Ǵʮ׸ߵĳ¥ȥôҲôҷѽ
룬ҫ΢Цͷͷȥӳ¥ֱȥڳ¥ߣµİҫߺҫ磬ҷһӣ۾
аҫԽԽԶ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ漴һ󷭣˫һϵãֱӽŵִһףףƵͷƳǴȳм
Ȼһ죬ĹĤֱ죬ʶĳҫȥûпˣֻصͷƬԼһĿֱʮ׵ӡ
ҫӳ¥ʱԶưƽˣüͷһ壬֮ǸоԼǲе㿴ҫˣҫͷ鳣ڵŪһʯӺͬʱһֲС
ҫͷ鳵ĲкƬ߳ǰĹʱȻΪΪǶ԰ҫⷬٶʵ𾪵ĲУ𾪵һʱز
ֹ𾪣ݵ¥ϣһЦ֮⣬˶Ŀɿڴ˵ҫǿܶӳҲʶλսаҫı֣ȷǿ
Ǵʱ˿̰ҫֳǿоǿ˵ֻ޷ݣǿݵĸо
ʮ׸ߵĵطֱûҲˣȻ˹ǹĹ鳣ҲˣȻȳôһӡȳҲˣһ¥ƵģȻһ¶ûСôҫˣµֻԼ۾ĸоµҪȥĸо
ҫһȦЦǴİɣܲһڽǣӮ˵ĻǾͰ¡˵Ļô֮еĳЩˣรɣ˵òѽ
ҫΪЦĺܲã⣬ºͣڹǰžʿУҫЦݣֲܿ


һٶʮ ֱײʧ
һһѵ֮µһ򵱹ĪʱռսϵİҫԼΪʵʵڵ仰
ҫ춯صĵǳ֮ǹһ˲䱻ŵеزֱǻع֮󣬰ҫѾһͷ˷ƵϬţֱײȺ֮С
ҫļ޾жǿ޽ӽ˼ʵжֲʱж֪ˣҫվڹǰžʿֻоһ쫷ӭѹǵβԾȥ۾ĳ̶ȡ
ҫǰžʿһӴ󣬰ҫƶʱγɵǿѹֱӽǰŵʮʿȫ׷ɵʮ׵İ֮ϡ
ҫҪκ˽Ӵƶ磬ͬһ㣬ѾɨһƬ׷һƬûһܽ
֮һѼ⵶İҫںݺӳ¥¿ҫͺһѴŲƥ׾ٵļһȴѵ棬ҫǹǿĳͬʱϰ˾ܲסҫĳѹײɵ˰ա
ҫҲܣ֮ڿ񱼽ףס֮Żͷһʱˡ
Ѿǿͻ뵽˴ĸأ֮һܵ뵲ˣȫѾ죬µĲ꣬µˡ
νսһʵǻ˴˼齨ĹǿֹŸЩ£˵óԼļҵףĳЩŸֻΪսΪԼȡ档
ҲˣŻ˹˶ʥڵĸ֣һһ£񶼴ͲǶ֣ʿһʮˡ
񶼴пƼսװףڹƺԸһ
֮£ӵĿɲһǰ㣬ΪڹʽʵһǿѾǼô򵥣Ǽ⡣
֮ǰսϣľʿ֮ԽԷĻһ˺ϻĸǿȹ֮£׸Ǳ𣬷Ļڸ߿ƼʧȥЧ֮Ҳô̵ʱڣıͷܣɽˡ
ǣֱҫһ֮չ֮һĪ뷨Ŀô֮ǰǶ񶼴νĻ׷˺ƣʱתҫ˺ǵ½ֹڴˡ
еİٶˣֻʮ˹㲻ҲסҫĳȻһɵգͷԻѡ
Щ׹֮ʱһˣأǱҫͷۻðǣݺݵڵϣˤǶϽۡ
ҫһ΢ЦĿܣ˿̵ѾΧһˮйͨȻֻܹʮ˶ѣҫˣѾ˵ƣһʱȻûǰ
ŸʲôɱֻһˣˣʵǿҲܲס˶࣬϶󣬸ңɱڴĺ󷽣ףУѹסеľʼǰŰҫȶȥ
ʱУǹɲѹȸУѾԽǿҫĺֱײ֮ǵĶĲУС֮ģԴ
ԼһľʿƾȻҫһ˲ɢҲ̲ȥˣָֻܳӣҪٲڣҫôӣǾ治ôˣˣƻᱻҫһ˴ɢʱҲûȥˣֱһ֮ˡ
һ䣬ҫһ㶣漴չһЦܱƽľʿŤŤ󣬿ЦˣôԼʽʼ
ҫһﻰ£Χľʿһ֮ǰȷ˵Լ֮£ֻ˶Ϊҫ仰ֻΪͼƵЦ֮ѣû˵һ£˭֪ҫġ
ɰҫĻ漤˾ʿǵĻʲôΪԼȡһƣͿԲԼһ߿֮࣬ѹİʿŭӿɱҫҪ͵⽴
ҫۼˣһ㶼û֮⣬ֻҽ̧漴ŵһ塣
ãˣ
ҫĽŸո̧ʱ˾Դв˷ֻɺЩڰҫŵӴ֮󣬷Բڵĵ棬ƱݺݵĶһ£ٴαϰա
һοɲ֮ǰҫĳ棬˶һ׺ķѪڣҫȷÿһĲһֲһ֣Ϊƽĸǰ֮ڡ
˺ƴƣȻֻǱһǳǳĽӡѣϸ΢Ŀҫ֮ǰĵãʱҲǳЧ
ʱٴ꣬ҫ΢΢һЦżһֱȺǰʮʿֳֵǹȭצָȣע֮£ʮͺڰҫ֮ϣҫȻܣֱӲ
ʮʿˣǸоԼĶһΡ벻ɽ˶Էֺҫ΢΢һЦǰЩ˵ȫʹƤûдƣǿ̶ȣͭƤǶǿ
ʮɰ˺Ҳ޵ĺܣҫ˲ʶһ飬ԼѾﵽҪ񾳸ֵİܶԼ˺ʥİƺ
ˣ
ҫɭȻһЦŵǰʮʿæˣֻǵٶڰҫһߡ
ҫȳ磬ף߽źƳ˦ǿҵĺХĺñǻʣ˺ѶԷֱ߱˵ͷǣ˻
֮ȭƻڵХȭ磬ѹΣֱǰţ˵ıŽǵҲͬʱ䱬
ʮԸ¹ҫĸֻ֣һѱҫһɱԶ˿Уޱȣҫգʮ쵽˶̫壬ǿ˶е硣
ðСӣǿĹԵģǧµĻ񹦣ֵĵھŹعˣ֮ǰǿۣưƽȻɫԣľƿȥƺҪҫһ˷תҲò
ֹǷѣ֮ǿٶ֮죬ǰδʵǼʹ˶࣬Ҳռ˱ˣᱻһʿ
ָˣո׾ٵĻȥͷ鳣ӦҲ󣬱Ҫȫ룬ֻԶˣ溮˪˵
ȲҪ嶯СҴı£һɱ˫ĿĶŰҫţеļɵԸӣҫļ¸ԽŨ
еǵϲϷңһԻΪڵȺʵĻᣬһ°ҫʵǴһûᡣ
Ǽ̳֣ʿϣҲѲĺܣΪһʱĴʧ°ҫ绢Ⱥľʿǿ޵
ҫȭȿ죬ֲĳ˼ʣֱѹ˴Щʿʥڵľ磬壬Ȼǰˣ̶̵һɽǧ˵ˣòˡ
ҫǰսĻȣ˵ԽսԽ£ѹ鱨Ҳ˼ʱĴ˹Ӫ֮С
ҫȷˣԸⳡսֻ˶ѣӮҪҪǣȡСӵ
ϰɣҪȡ´׼


һٶʮ ڧС
ʱԮҲǾ֧սӣֿ·Ǽʱϵ֧Ԯǰߵһݵ㣬ʱס˾ơ
ֻһƺϵȻ·ʥϵĸ֣ǿһǧʿǿݵ㡣
ֱԮϵ֮󣬹һɲȡ䣬Լһؾݵĸ֣ǰߣ··ŵĸ֣ɱʹֽǧ磬ҫڵ·һǧµʥ۷֣ɮǡ
⣬̫ǿˣȻôǿҫپȻô˵ʵ˵ݵɱֱһǾݵ㣬Ҳǲѽ¥ϵĳʵǱҫʵĲУ˵ʼһ
֧սӵܶӳҲΪȻĵͷĳ¥£Ļʲôʿǣ˶ѱҫߣֱߵĶʮˣҫǵӰһĹһӶû˽֡
ҫִɱ֮һȷѪ꣬һɹɫĻγɣֱ˲飬˵ֺܵ
ҫɱ˽ǧʱȻûһ˸ҽӽߵģ˶ȥÿ˵֮У˿־壬Ѿʲôʣˡ
㻹ҪǵȵʲôʱΪȥ·˵ƾݵˣӹƶҪһ˴У㵣𡣡
ƳһۣҪѹԼˣʧ˺ü͵ϮҫĻᣬԼ˶ѾˣҲ֪ʲộɾʿҫ¾ȻɲΪưƽˣļ٣²졣
ʱδҵţһۣԹԵʿ԰ҫΧˣնɱʮӱɱӺ
ߣҪԼȰɣˡ㣬֣ɸһնɱˣһΪмƳһۣŻưƽ˵Ҳǵ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
Ŷ񣬻ưƽĵӻԽԽˣȻҵһЦ֮һɱӿĻǲá
ȴǲÿɷЦһڵʲôʸǷʩǰߵĵһݵУ˶ֻǿǴʦĸֶѣ˴޷ִСǶûбҪɣ
ʸʵõʸ˭ǿҪ˭ģⷽبŲĶɣұǿǾҪҵģ˫ֻ̬Ϊ߰Ļص
֣⻰˵ľе˰ɣʵϣǵһ˵ȷʤ㣬Ҹ֣Ҳδֵ˺ã˵ص㡣ưƽһڵǸ߰ɫŭˡ
е˻һһƤЩʥڵĸ֣ĸ˵²̨ԹҲǱȻģҪǽսڶץһϳͣưƽһ
û˵ķݣһĲɻҲ˵ҪͷҵΪһ飬ưƽҲվʸûУһߴȥƳһۻưƽЦһ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣưƽʱŭӿŭĿӣһ𣬵ɫĻ鲼ƺбơ
ȰֵǸ򣬼ʹΥ׼ڶĽҶ˽ҲҪһüͷһ壬İֻǼŭ˻ưƽ
Ǻǣźݻ˭ᣬб£ǾͳŶһᣬʥڵһϯܣƵҲס
˵ﶷҲҪֳַظʱɣ˵ҿ̫ˣ첻ʲôвǾͽҳ׵ӣӦòôûɣҫƤЦ˵ɤˣʶŤͷȥⲻ֪һһ˽ǵһ
Ŀȥ˺˵ĵڵϣ˽ʮ׶ߵɽҫ𵶵۷֮ϣϿռս£ӰΣһɵеĸо˴
ڧ֮ʱ̫Ͷˣ°ҫɱ¾ʿ춯ûǵע⣬ʵı׶˾ˣײľʿã֮࣬ӵŽᡣ
ν쵼ײ㣬ͲûôŽˣϿȥദʵ˭˭
ĳʵⱾϵĲ࣬ѹˣĻ˵ڧ¼ʱзģȻڵսʧһЩҪĻᣬʧ١
ⷬ޴о㵼ǰ˾ӣҫֻ֮ڣɱ˾ųɾϵľʿԼȴȫûвʣʿĻʲô֮ģͱ˵ƨĳżݵȥ
ո˵Ļƺ֮УǿǰɣҫӸ¿΢Цʵ
ΣĪҪΪɨͿԶֺˣҵκһ˶ĳ̶ȣ֣ҲͨѣֵԵã˫ָͦأе˲ȻҫѹʵСϣɲ֡
ǿٺòҫɭһЦһ壬µɽľ֮£ʱһ࣬ҫ˺һöֱڵͳȥ
׼С๦һᣬɫĻ˲鲼ȫκΰҫٶίʵ̫ˣֻûзӦԵĻưƽǷӦգ۶ʱҫѾ
ʶ̧һƣԣƺսǷȱֻһȴˡ
ҫûأٿһ٣һӰֳ֮צ˺ĻʱƤѪɽ
ľʹĴԣ۵죬֮ʣİҫһЦ˫צݺύ缲磬צ׺˺Ѫɣޱȡ
ԭΪĻڰҫǰֽͬһ㣬ͬ裬Ĳкҫ˲ʮצûҪСưƽһ㵵ĿŰҫʩ
ǲǲȻԷĽǴĵ˻ǶģڵȰҫ¶һ̡
ҫһצץסĺ󾱣༦ƵģֽǸߴʼգеʱ䶼ûУҫ׾ٵ˺ˣҰܵ
ǿôƭҵİɣӦٶۣ鸡ʵĹһͿأҫԴ۵еһҫĻŭģһȥ
ôСһ䶼˵ãûԴҫȻζƲƲһѹľǣǲҲҪ̱
ڣưƽüͷһƣһۣһҼл͹ҫ
צҹ̽צ
ָ׷Ǹ£
ڰҫһ˲䣬ߣԴһޱȵƷצݣ͸һɭаұָ׶һ񲻿ɵưƽΪץ˺ûᣬֹҫš
̲סô
ҫǸ߸ɭһЦȵľǶ˳֣´һһһϣһʰ


һʮ ǿ޷죡Ǵʦ
ҫ˿Ҳɶ˵ĹʵʵڵԼϣ̩ɽǿľûж˿Ӱ졣
ưƽΪԼ͵Ϯ֣ҫӦʱϲüңֻϲĿ죬ȥĸ죬ͻȻһһ㣬Եúܲ˼顣
ǸоԼʽǴ˵ϣǴһʵĽʯϣʽƲҫ壬򲻽ȥ߽ǰδģɲǲ
ðɣҳ֮ǿģأҫ˶ϵȫ˼߶˵Ĵ㵱飬Ʋ˵һɣ̱ء
ҫ˫һƣһǿ磬˵ζƫ˫ץס˵͵һ˳أһߣһֱϥǣϥ顣
ݺҧʹѣ룬ż⣬Ÿ̧麹ҫ֮һţѽ߲С
˵ʱʱ죬ҫһֱлưƽǿľûѶԷ飬ưƽθһ鴤θϿˮȪӿһڶ˷Ѷ
ҫһһԳڻưƽǰɭı飬ɭƣŵûưƽµļƤݺը𣬰ҫ˵ѾͷҪһһӣҪ˫ۣҾҪˣ
ҪҲù
ưƽ˫Ŀⱬ䣬һ˫צǸ£ֱҫҪȥۺצɭצʹȫѱ壬ط֮Ҳǿ쳣
צ׷꣡
ҫһЦۼצұһ׷ɣ׾ٵ߽˻ưƽצƣһȦƻưƽ˫һѪᡣ

ưƽҺһ˫۵ط𣬾ҵʹ㴭Ժг˶ʹ⣬ʶԼ˫ۣѾױϡ
ưƽϹˣܸоҫǹŨɱ뿪ģȴ˲ʧȥʶʶͣǰһ˫Ŀٵʹ֮У֮ʧȥʶΪҫһȭ£ͷ­䱬
ҫĿһۻưƽʬ壬մȾԽѪˮ˦˵а֮ͽϧ
ҫһ棬Ӷɱˣʵ֮ǿѾȫʥʵմƣ޵֮ˣڶ̶̵֮ڣɱ˽ˣѹһУʵ֮ǿҡ
ʱ¥ϵˣ⣬ȫһ˼ı飬Ŀɿڴı飬°Ͳûϣˤ飬֪ҫǿǲ֪ҫѾǿ޷ĵز
ԭ֮ǰһ䲻ǿʣԼ棬ҫһĳ̶ȣնнǻս·һӰӡǵУһӶĥ
֮ǰ֪¿ɷ֪ţҲĿ̾Ϣһҵ˵
Ѿȫûܵ룬ȱϣӰṦʩչҴӰҫٶԼûˣҲδӳģɴҲҲˡ
㵹ǻ壬Ǻϲ١°ҫʦкɽׯׯɽˣҫȭһһеڣ˵ʦ֮ʱеɪһţǸԼԼݶҫһӶ̹ġ
ǽʿȻһȵ
ҫ˵ͷڵ񶼣ʱ޷ֻܴ񶼳սȽսȥ֮ҲҪػؽ׼ô
ٴ̾Ϣҡҡͷڵû뵽ѾõĿɽׯȻôһţɽʵһ㣬ҲŲʲôţĵӣɰˣеˣְɣ
֣֪ʦǺãֻһȭҪ컯ˣҫüͷһƣͷһ˷Ź뷨
ҫۼи֮ģżһ㣬κƼգתѵǰȭ˳ƺ֣ȭ׺ƥǿľѹһϢѹС
ӷʩеǵ˴ˣ鰡
ڰҫһȭҪ֮ʱɫָâһɣĻѸײڶ֮ƣֱҫߡҪȻһ㣬㼫׼Ƶİҫһգˡ
ҫˣǰһһӰһɫɮɮˣڰҫǰɮ˵ǰһȦ̾ҡͷ
ǿĸоҫµĿ˿ɮˣԷֳˮƣðҫСư֡
ɮˣҴһ飬ͦΣüĿҲͶʮͷﭹĹͷ·ŵһ㣬ˣü֮һɵİ֮ɫ
񣬰ݼǴʦлʦȣмҫǧµľŴ֮һǴʦ񿪿ڽţɮ΢΢ƫתĽ˫ͫеąeַӡһţҫ˲üֹ
μ棬ҫˣ֪Ǵʦ֮ǰָǺãɷ֪ҫ΢΢һЦһԵüΪǫѷ
ǵ˵ͷڵӷ𣡴˱£ʮ֮һһָƶɮҲֻԶƤëðʩЦˣ
ǴʦˣҫҪһ¾Ҫʦһָˣʦ֮񣬾֮ߣҫҫ
ʩ̧ƶɮˣƶɮ΢ĩʩȣǲֵһᣡҫǸ֮Умַǫѷ֮ҫø֮⡣
ʦǷŵõɮӦŶԣΪλԽսɱ¾֮¸Ȥҫʵڲ⣬ʦһҫ΢Ц˵
ӷеǷޱߣƶɮѧǳƲϵõ֣Ͻ̰ա***֣ɿģ˷˱֮Σѣ߹٣ɱ¾֮ٿ֮һܿ⣬һΪˣ಻ףðʩЦˣǿڻص
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦʵǴʦɱ¾֮ô
ӷ²ɹ˵̫ԵƱ羡ӣƶɮܹʩ߱ɱ֮ˣ˵ƣʩɱ¾̫ƶɮʩɱ⣬ɱһΪƣɱһ˶һ٣ʩʹ˰ְɣȱ˵
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ԭΪ޷޵һԼɱôˣҪʲôе֮£ֻǿҪҫ޷ɱ⡣
û뵽ǰλǴʦ涮ñͨʽҲ֪ҫҲȲѣ߱ɱ֮ˣûиҫ浽ףһõɮɣҫеĺøֶ֡
ʦ֮ߣҫ壡ҫ͸ʦһӣղɱ¾֮¡ͷʦ֮ˣǼְɣҫ⣬֮иǫѷ
ӷգգʩдģƶɮ壡ѵһЦŲԶҫɵʬ̾Ϣһʼ䡣
ҫ񹧹վһԵţ꾭֮󣬶Űҫ˵ʩʩҪƶɮһͬȥʩҪ衣
ƶɮһ䣬ʩպܲɱɱɱҵֻ̫ͽޣɱҵԩԩ౨ʱˣԾڴˣʩܷƶɮ಻ǿǾʹ˱ɣ
ҫ̧
ʩк£ͣסŲʵ
ʦҪ֣ҫֻǰҫ䣬Ҫһ´ʦĽһָֻΪѣʦߴͽ̣


һʮһ ѧҫսǣ
üͷһƺ԰ҫԼսһɣҡҡͷڵʩֻǹ̶ѣƶɮϰֻ壬Աõϰ𷨣ǿʤ֮ãʩҪִڴˡ
ʦˣҫֻҪʶһ·ѧŶѣͼһֻǺ֮ˣʦҪƴǣҫȭ˵
ǼҫǷģȥҲãж԰ҫսҲôһ˿˿ĺ棬粻ڹķʹʽҲֻǿռӶѡ
ɰҫչֳսһ˻׾ٵĻ֣ɱʿܿ־˵ʵԱҲǰֻ̤ĳ̶ȣʵԼ¡
ǣҫƾһ㣬ôлҫ֣ҫʲôѧ似Թƾ壬ĳ̶ȡ
ӷ𣡼Ȼʩ˵ףƶɮҲֻȴ֮ˣƶɮԶ֮һ䣬֮˽䲻ƽִƽʩƶɮ˴˽䣬ˣ̾Ϣһҡҡͷص
ҫɦɦͷǵЩʲôִ֮һ䰡Լʲô䰡ȫûжǰҫ뷨Ҳ򵥣˿Ը֣Ȼʲô߰Ҳȥˣȫսǡ
ҫе˷ܶȻ⻹һ̷ѧԼȻָǰ㣬õеʵĳ̶ȣһİ־ͷҪŴһԼΪϰ֮ˣеĺսͬС
ʦҫ֣ʦȫΪҫؽڣǺƱһž춯ڶſЦ
ƶɮƶɮҪʩչµĶڹշħʩָһ
һ˫ͫdֽӡէ֣ƱޱȣδɫԺƿϯɫɮ۹ĵݣܶʱɳʯ
һԵ֪ʵ΢ǻаҫһȼϣ˵ļƣȻһսΪ˲ֻϥϵľʹԶԶ˿ҲߣһԹս˵ʵڵҲ뿴ҫǵľսпʼĪѪ
¥֮ϵˣڿǵ֮ʱ԰ͲסҪȥҫһͬ˿ǣ˭֪ȴڳ¥Ե衣
ȥҲûõģλʦ֮ǰֵǼָâҸҫ⣬ӦûĶ֣ȥ˲ǰæǰﵹæ԰ҫʵ㹻Ӧˣ΢΢һЦͷҲص˵
˼˵ţҲ޷룬ֻܹԹԵվڳ¥֮ϣΪ͡ʵ֪ûпʣԼȥ»ֻԽԽæ
Ϊ֮ǰǵָâ˶ǸоԼָâĻҲûãΪԼҫӦĹͺ˵ʵĲˡ
ʦˣ
˼һ𣬲Ϣʱ䣬㣬ҫȳ֣һ׹쳹ķһƽһ죬һ
ҫһųŶڵֱǶȥһԼ嵽ǰȭ˳ƺȭѹϢȭ羪ƿպХֱš
ÿ죡
һҫٶȾȻܹ쵽Լգ۲Լǰίʵͷ𺧲Сǿɲֻ֮˵ܴĽɫ
ֻ˲תɫ˵ĹâԶæס˫ۣʹˣ˫Ŀɱ̵ˮֱ
ؿǲһƺȻ󣬳һdֽӡ֮ȻǺǿƾҫȭݺݶײһ壬˿Ϯܣĵݣѹ˷ϯԶ౻ѹƲѡ
ҫȭһ˿࣬˴վԷ񣬶һɾ֮飬˳ν棬δȫֻ̽ѣǱ˴˶Էľе
񣬾ͰԵðǿܳܣɸ׶һǳҲףѹһһӾ˵ʵǸʲôǿ֪أҫ˶ֱۣеİǳԼҲõģе𾪿ɲȰҫС١
ȭɽ糱˳ɹҲֻܽңݽʦֵĽ־Źذĳ̶ȣûнӾĸǱĽҲ
иǧ˴Ҳ໰ֻǶһ󣬰ҫԴӴﵽ˼޵֮սʽҲʼһı仯ǾĶһʮǿʹ򣬵Ҳʹ졣
ʱİҫҲˣףѸޱȣ߸Ծǧѵ֮£ƿ籩꣬ԾӸ֮ƣǶȥ
һᣬԼƷһƺƷŭοˣ֮£ĽӡϣưҫƣƾһǰƲɵҫɡ
ʮƣ
ʦùҫǷǾȫˣҫɳʮ֮Զٿһ֮Ҳͣ˫һһֱǶȥ
˫üȻҫ˼ǻûȫôǿʣ£ǲҴ⣬ҫֱһдƣƷɽӡӭ淴ѹҫ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫܣӡ֮ǿķѹƺҪѹҫһ˫ȭ߬ǰȻһƣֻǿ۳ӡ
ɢĿ΢΢һǵһμܹƾǿĴƣһʱ仹е㷴Ӧ
ӦҫҲӦĻᣬɿѸͣգ֮ʮѹǰ˫ȭڣͺ䣬ȭ£ƻǹһͣȭѹˣƷ
ǻ֮ʣȭѵֻ˫ۻתdֽӡƷּתһᾢ籡ܲݣҫ˲еԼȭţ뺣ֺҲܵĽ
ʮ򷨽ӡ
жҫҲǿ֮һȫľһȭ֮УȻֱȡģȭδȭѹÿǺ˫۷תǰһԣǰӡһҫ񱩵һȭǰֺѽ
ҫǸ߸һšȭ΢תֱײ֮ǰһ˲ľûȥһɿ񱩾ȻӣɾһںϣһȭľɼαȻ˿ǵ˫Ʒݺݵĺڿǵ֮ϡ
˲ɴ˫ۣͻҫȭ޿ƥУԼжޱǿľֻۿŰҫ俪Լ˫ƵķһȭԼ֮ϣǽӡȻ飬˾ͺڵһ㣬ٿտ˲ֹ
ɵˣ¥ϵ˴ˣЦˣҫηһȭһܵǰҫȴŹֵĿԼȭͷֻһȭûдﵽԤڵЧһ㡣
ѧȻͬ죬ڹԺ󣬾Ȼж˽߳ɵľʣµɾȻҲǿƥ˺Ҳ޵ĺܣǻǸĪⰡҫ뵽


һʮ ʮһָ
ٿշ˵Ŀǣ£ڷڣѪƽʮף֮ÿһڵһĽӡͬʱҲྡྷжסƣȴѪ
ʩ˾ַ֪кã֮ͣ󣬲ȥǵѪգʵ
Ȼǻ治ʡ͵ĵƣɾڹҲֻʣһˣ
ҫһ͹˵ˣ˵ĳ̶ȣԼƵĻҪͣɼǵʵףҫҲǲ壬Լʵͬûȫӣ¹˭Ҳδ֪֮¡
ʦˣҫֻǶʶıȽ͸ĺöѣ辶˾ӵֶζѣ΢ĩֵһᣬǴʦһ֮ۺжţҫ۽磬֪кʦһҫջ˼Ļص
ƶɮոʩչǷʮ֮һһƷƣһж֮򷨽ӡ
ӷ𣡷ʮÿÿʽǲƶɮ޶ۣҲֻžѣʩʵ֮ţȻǿѵؼƾѧ츳һƶɮ硣̾ϢһʵĿ޵
ǧµķʮǱϹʱڻҪԶԶʱڣžѧԶʱڣҲ¡
ͬڣʿ䲻ʱչݵأɽṹܣҲǴྶͥ
ʮǳԶʱڵĽУ书֮Ƶ¡ʵԶѹǧ꣬ʮȱʧأ֮һ
ҫʥ֮УϹʷ֮ҲǷǳǧ²ݱԶʱڵ£ֵⷽص֮һ
û뵽ǣǧƺԶʱͬͬԴͬǷѧʥأͬѧѧҲ֮ͬ
ռʮ֮ʣľ޴ѰǧҲֻܽŵѧʣʮ֮£Դȥ֮ǲѧŻķʮ
ʮϣڹศɣÿһнǲףڹΪиߵ⣬԰ŷ𷨵򣬳ֲͬı仯ίʵޱȡ
Ĵڹķһгɣ׽£ѵأϴֺ֮ܣĴ߾ѧǵѧ֮
ǧ·֣Լʥɮ֮вѧ֮ƽ֮߸󣬷ڷĽ֮ڣ˿ܿ
Ĵڹķֱ޵С׽ơ֡ͯӹĪ⡮ϴ辭
ĴڹķʩչĽշħֻʮĳңʹˣɲСƣɿöҲƾˣǿޱȡ
շħŷʮ׵⹦ʽֱΪһƣƣһȣȣԼǿһָһָ
ҫ֮󣬷ִ˹УǸƥ󿪴֮⣬ޱᾢж֮˵ǹؼ汸
ҫȻһţҲֻǹ䲻ʹˣܵ˺޵ĺܣʵ˵ǵʵȥƺҪʤҫһ˿ҫҲѹ׵ľûʩչͲ֪һָжǿˣɷƥаҫѹѪ֢
ʦٰ̧ҫˣҫҵʦѧʮ֮ģʣһǽһָ˰ɣҫȭһ΢Цĵ˵
ӷ𣡰ʩιƣʵҵȽˣǾ˾⣬ʹ˰ֿɺãƺսˣٸҫȥҿڵӣƺһָʲô֮
ҫһղžѧʵвʰҫȥʦִʦҲҪһ°ҫĺ֮İҫЦ
ƺеǿ֮ǰָâ԰ҫίʵСԼҲоһУָοһָ˵պʲôͻҲ˵׼
ˣʩִˣƶɮҲֻܷ㵽ˣһָһʽƶɮҲֻǳѧƤëѿأֱȻȥʩСˣҡͷ˵ƺһָǿԼҲƲãŰٰ㲻Ըʹ
ûҪüͷһ壬оǻ˵еˣԼʲôûмԼģҪԼģе㲻á
ʦܷʹҫʹڴʦָ£ҲѧղԹñˣʦУҫ쳣࣬ص
̾ϢҡͷҫеĲãǷǵ򲻵ѣԼȷʵʹһУֻô򵥣ԼҲ˷Уʵп֪ɶԡ
ʱҲȷǼϲòԼҪ֣ҫҲô׵Լ뿪
˫Ŀһɣ˫ͫeַӡȻէ֣һ˵Ľ⣬ֱһ̧ʳָŰҫһ㡣
ɫָâҫûüգۣɫָâѵǰ۵糸ޱȣֱҫüĶȥ
һָ
ҫ˫ͫȻһԴһƫָâһǳǳѪۡ
ҫıԼʵڲӿǣһԼͷԭǵľ沢ûп󣬷ʵĴʵҫип֮⣬һΣˡ
ƶɮǹ׾ֻƶɮ𷨲޷ūշħʹµĽһָʽΪ޷ԿأŻᵼɱҵʩնɣ˵ԵеĪ
Ϊ֮˫ͫеķӡûɢȥɽ磬ɢŵĽ⣬˿ȥʥֹ죬ƺ״̬µԼе㲻Կصĸо
ҫ˵ͷĿǵĹֻ֪Ϊλ⸱ģûз˸еϢΪҫоһ˵ɱ⣬ʥĽӡ֮£Եе롣
ʦؽ黳̫࣬ˣҫ˫ĿԽηأ󱳸߸߹𣬻ǽںƱһ쳹ͣȻӲ˺ƶ˵Ŀǣ˫һֱͳǡ
˫ָתɣָâƻǹһ㣬䣬ҫαùѱ棬һ㣬Ťˣĥָâȴܹûһָâºۼ
˫벻ʮףת˲֮䣬ҫǰһֱµ˫ۣƳ˦ֳצצƥХ˺ؿڡ
ǻһʢԽʵۿŰҫһצֱȡţŲæָ̧һָףָһɱƾڰҫը£쳣ҫһצ𿪣һָͬľҫüġ
һָף
ҫһǹٴγ֣޹ǣһֲ˼ĽǶƫ̽ץסһָһ֮ǰ𿪵һգһȭͺߡ
ǿȭǵĻκһᾢٴγ֣eֽӡ֣ҫһȭٴֲұ߼ʵĸо򷨽ӡίʵޱȣֻʩչ
ҫЦһһηʹþӣ񱩵ľӡͬʱ˺ݺݺɣͬʱһ壬׷Ƕȥ
ϣôĹŴ˺үĽ壬ʵү㽫ңʮ˲ֻأΪ˼䣡
˸ѣ


һʮ һĶɮɣ
һȣһԵԼ¥ϵ˽ɵۣǷޱȵĺɱ⣬ŵ˫ֱ·ԼֻҪһ˿֮٣ᱻ̼˺Ƭ֮ء
ľ񲨶кܴĸ
ü΢һ˫ĿĶſǲţڳ¥ԵĽȻһʧǰʱԸ˲Ҫ棬ؾݵ֮ڡ
ʵԸ¥ϵˣҲս֮Уǿ񱩵ɱȻԶϰףǶܸоɱıڣǵľ̶ȣ϶٣һʱӡ
ڴʱĿǣ̧֮ͷһɰҫѪֱַð֮ǰƽˮȱΪıʧĸɸɾȡ֮ǱǻȪҪ˵֮ɫ
˵ڰҫǰĿǣѾ֮ǰǸˣȫǻһˣƣòз츲صĸı䡣
ԭ˫ͫеąeֽӡתΪɭɺ֮ɫɫתɵɫɢΧС࣬ȴԵаޱȡһѲ֮ǰǰ࣬ѾתΪһɫ͸ģڿǵ֮ϡ
ҲĹ׵ģԸȫһת䵽һˣϢתһֹˣֱӴﵽôػˣҫһЦĿǰʥɮתΪɮĿǣи̾ѡ
Լһֱǿѣ¿ǳеĺڰ棬νĺڰ棬ȻֱӾ󻯳ռ˿ǵıʵǴҫ֮⡣
ҫ磬ְɣҫߣ˫ĿֱƿǶȥ쳣أѹϢɱ⣬ɲʲôɵ̬ˡ
޷ѹ󣬴ұȵ̫еĸ˸ȻܸʩչĽһָĪĹȸͨһ£ûԭǵĴڣʵڲٽƷΣҫϸصͬʱſȥ
ǴʦŶԣʴʦţҫЦһʵ
ߣϻе۸֪үѲαƵĿǣүǵתѾǱ빦ϵ飬Ը˼άȫתһˣҲν˸ˡ
˸ʵжĳǲԸȥеԸȥԣȴ޷ӱʱһʺȥԵ˸ͨĳ»ĳһ˸ĳֻ֣߱ٳΣʱ³֡
Ҳ˵ѳ˸񣬽ԼȥһУԼȥܵ൱һֱұνķ˸нΪѧԵĽзڹĽУԳ֮Ϊħ
ǵ˸ȫԵģֿ񱩵ɱ⣬ݶ࣬Լϵļת䣬Ȼڵĳ飬ԸȥԣһҰοӶʹ⼫˵ĸ˸ͣԼȥԣȥԼĿ¡
շ㣬ƾǸǽһָйأаҫƵ̫¿ǵ˸˲䱻˸ȡ˵Ȩ䵽˸˸С
Ҳѹֿǻ˴ȴ󱯣ʹҫɱ¾ǧǿӲսҲԭеĸȫǸ˸գ˵ԽƣԽһ棬㡣
ϣҪΪ֮ǰиۣĪҪĴѱүĳͽ䣬ǰ׷ĻٸүԳķŶɮһָҫ漴Ȼһǿֺ˵һ쫷磬ҫκݺݵԼȥ
˫ʮףҾ𣬰ҫ˫Ŀ쳣ҲɷƴԼڿնֱȥ
ϣүҪ֫˫ۣ˫һټ̣ܾԼҵ˱ү֮һЦ˵
ۼҫѵǰԶ˫ʳָıֱ˫ָӶָâƱ絶費ͣͷƷ˷ͳҫ֫ƺҪҫ˹ֺ顣
ɱԡһָޣ
һϣһϣڱտھ񼫣ɮ񼫵㣬үվǴʦúһ㻹ҲҺռݴʦΪ
ҫٿձȣأֵУһ˳ƶΪۼָâ޺ݺݳҫ˫ȭ޴û֮ͭϣ֮ǿѾܹεĲһɳʯָâһɢȥΡ
һԵʹ壬ҲɵֿסྡྷȻ߿Ѫȴ޶ԣоȫûбӰ쵽
ҫɢָâһ˲䣬һһӰֱ棬èǰһ̤˲ƺֱؿڡ
ϣôĹҶԱүԲѷʵ񼫣񼫰ܣԼĵĳǿӲܰҫһƣ˫ָһԣ糤ǹ񲻿ɵѸ͵ķָâʹҫߵ̫ѨֲʽĴ򷨣ҲԸ
ҫЦһӦν죬ڶߵĺХոԴȻһƫ˫ָ˲֣ҫɽؿ֮ϣȻǰһңҫûгƶȻĿġ
ֻȭ̧ͺֱǿľͨƵĵ㣬֮ϣ͵һ壬̼鲼ġ
ҫδգָһƵģ漴һ羢ȭĳױ飬ʣȭֱţһѪݺݺɡ
ҫĹˮһǳɣǾڰҫ˲£ҲǿļȴӦ
׾գҲûʲô˲ģҫȻһЦԼ֮ǰĹһɾʵȭƱоɢȭΧ羢ֱӺģս츳һ˵ҫȷǵ
ۼѪڶҫʤ׷һֱȥʱȭڣޣצУ϶ηĿֲӽͻϮһʱνռϷ磬֧׾òǱ
˶Ϊҫһ֮ʱΪʱ˵İҫԼһԽ䱸ȴûʤȯյĸо
۹䶾ƺаҫض࣬вϣʵϣҫÿһιʱܿһ˿֮
Ǿǰҫľʮţƺĳַʽתˣϲ۵ģȴԽļʵͺҫľڸṩ޾һ㡣
˰ҫָоϣҪĸֱӣԼڽڰˣʵϰҫȴ൱ơ
ԴӴ羢֮Ѿȥңҫϰ֣˵Ĺ֮ܺͣǰǴ羢ȭ˺ûС
ֵжţбǵ򷨽ӡжߣжţҵľȻԼҲǷʮ֮һôôƽأҫɷţпʼƽ֮
ߣ̰ʤ֪䣬ϣɴʹ죬ôñүúõĳͽɣֻӡȺģ
ڰҫһ˲䣬˫ĿⶸȻһʢ˫ֽӡϵĵɫģȻзɳ˰ҫϣҫüͷĵĸǣˡ


һʮ ֻӡ뱩ŭ
ֻӡǷʮеһжţ򷨽ӡͬΪж֮һֻűϵ
򷨽ӡһֽֿͨԷĻӡڷӡһ֣Ҳ˵ֽӡֻˮʶһֲ˼ĵزȻתӡȻɡ
򷨽ӡ壬˫օeֽӡӡһɣж֮һ࣬ᾢĶ⻤ط
ھֻӡ˵ͱȽˣһֿԽԷղԼӡħŵ֮ͬֽӡΪãίʵǷ
ֻӡ֮󣬱ǰָĴȺģȺҲǾֻӡ֮
˵ֻӡĴȺģǿľ绹ûﵽʱǰףѾе㳬ⷽصľˡ
ⷽУǱҪؾȥһһÿһ׶εľ綼֮ʶǿʥ֮򿪷ʥ֮Ļ֮ףϣ˵ûнݾߡ
ȻҲֻǼѣڵѧ˵ʮʮţһȫ͸˵ˡ
ⷽضţëѧط֮УƫƫһЩĹؼ߱ǰﵽһ׶ε⾻ֻӡĴȺı֮һĻҲڷʮǰʮ֮ˡ
ֻǣѧųɾŶҪķѧиŲպһɷ֮ŵʹȱȫۣȴʹ֮⻹Ҫ鹦ڿķΪˡ
һ棬˸ô˴֮ſԽйǻҲãĿҲʹڼ䡢սϣҲԻഫ
ǵһڹķѧʽȥѧֻҪѧܻᣬ˸һǶǷĺܡ
˸ʱĹֻӡţֻǵԼѾ򷨽ӡҲֻǷ˼£ûȥΪӡĳͻԼΪĲðȻֻ֮ʵ䷴
ֻ֪ǣȥȴÿضʱʱ͵͵ѧӡǻعʱΪʱǸоҲ⣬㲻ȥƽϣʱ˿̣⾻ֻӡĴȺģǸҫ˲С鷳
Ⱥһҫ˲䶯ãһӣǸ߸Ծϰҫͷֻ˫ӡӿͺڰҫϣҫص档
Ĵƣ˺ˣʵޱȣʩչʱҪǿϣҫ¶һָҲֻܱӲĺص棬ͬʱܴƵľըһʱȫãҲӱܲ
򷴳壬ٿղ䣬һһƷ˵ְֿ·֮ҫļơ
ʵ˵ĺܣҫʵίʵֲĺܣôõĻὫѹ£һðҫҪٴȥʤ˵úܡ
֮󣬵·𱻿ѹһ㣬ӲĿģҫѾڳ֮У֪
֮ǰôƣĺ֮£ڵѺȥ࣬ľޣܽҫɾѹ£Ҳֵõġ
ߣϣʹ죬ǱˡүǼ֣ǰ͹ƽһЦԼͺ֮£ҫҲǱɣҲǷſ١
תɭһЦ˫Ŀӿɱٴα˼̧֣ȥֳҲֻаҫвҫѱݺݻܣôƾǰŮҲƲʲôȻ̫һ¡
ƺȫûеĺµӣ֮ǰҫ˲ƴ·磬Ĳ֪٣ҲԵ֪ԼҲ̩Ȼ֮
Ůһ֮ѣү˳㳬㣬һƣ¸ߣ뷴Թ־ɣһЦ˫ĿеѪɫeַӡԵÿֲɭ
ɮδҲе˵̫˵ɣԴһᣬڿɵƵĿ֮Աǵ˵
ŮͷҪʿ֮ʲô˲õı£ãүٷģܣӲУĿͷЦȫ
ʶУŮ֮Ů֮ȥԼȫԺƵĽ뷨ˣشһӣΪԼľٶʹĴۡ
һ֣׹һһö籼ף缲磬ͷȥδѴͷƤ顣
ЦݶȻһգؽҧûҧ飬ʣȫڶͷ֮ϣһͷͿӭİһܽӴ
ײķ飬ĶͷһڣѪֹס˳գڵ֮ϡ
ɮĿֳִ󣬻أһоԼѪˣй㻹ô֪߳ܣޣŲæָףһּΪм񵭵Ƴһһĭ
һöѾôˣʹĺüŭĿŭ죬ͷ˿ڣֵѪҺеŭ𣬼Ҫվ졣
̫ɶˣŮȻ˴󵨣ѧ˱ү֮أذүҪšÿһָ㲻úЪ˹ĳ
һΪм飬˷ۣҡҡͷȥһ㶼ıŭµô
ΪʲôģΪʲôΪ֪ҫûôױ㶨ҫҪôø㶨Ļϰٻˣıŭ˿ûеһ¡
Ҫ̧ǰ͵֮ʱȻһ죬ʶĻͷһУһͷӰ߸Ծһ˫ɺ˫ĿȾȾһĪѪ֢İҫɱء
ʵҫȻͦңҲûе˽ǵĳ̶ȣȻȺĽԼӡסԼáҫֻҪþȫҲѲ֮ΪܲܽɱǵռɱУɱһʽ
ȻԸΥɱһʽɺ޸оҫƲѣһҲ˵ͷɱһʽҪһ˲֮䣬ŻмʷԼһ˲ôԶأ޷ġ
ҫջ˼˷Ѫ֢״̬ڷѪֲ֢ķ֮£ҫ˲뵽˼ĳ̶ȣһ׾ٵȺĵһԾǰ
Ŀƺҫһŭɴ˫ۣƺҪ̻֮ͳ
ʱҫҲ˵ˣĲǰҫǰҫٶȣԼܿҫÿһɻǶãƤûգһ£ҫǸϰҫ
ɮ


һʮ ʲôǰģ
ҫŭˣŭԼԴӵ֪ɱռɱУɱһʽ֮󣬼Ķôɱһʽ״̬У֮ǰһϵ鵽е£Լ𽥵ö֪
ʱһҪ֣жʱģŭͬʱųһ亹Լ벻ʼԼߣûһ˿ԹԵԼ߹ŷ꣬Լİ⣬ԼҪࡣ
ʱ޿ǣԼ겻ԼǧɽˮԼаĽԼľ˴ڣԼЩͷԵĶɶúϧǰ˲Ŷԣǰҫ֮ǰһ̵дա
ˣޣ֮ǰҫһŭȣбȳۻ𣬱ϣӱ˵ܿҫʱԼ䡣
ǣʲôǰͬвͬĽͣǧǧĲͬɶ˵һ飬ŰҫҫһҫƽԼɽҫǧգԼ
ʲôǰ԰ҫİҫǷŭı뱩װŭʱѾõԹʧ䣬̼ʧ٣еֻ޵İ⡣
ҫŭˣˣôɮҪùˣʱҲݣǾǴˡУҫ̫ƵĳԼʯһ㣬޷֡
Ҳ˵۾ϣϣзǳҫǰ֮ôһ籩һĹƣػὫݺݵɡ
еİҫУҫԵñȽϾˣΪеİҫǴӵг֮һ˲䳹ʧˡ
һ룬·˲һļȻƤɽһƬѪҺ漴ٴʧ˲ƵĲıһƬѪ֮˲Ƴڲͬķλ
ҫ˫һƬѪܣÿ˲ϳһĿĵ˺ۣ򱻰ҫڷԲ֮ڣֵİҫȥ޻֮
ԺУһȽʱеݣҫˣԺУҲһбȽʵڵݣҫǿˣôȥݣʱ˿̵İҫ֮ǰȫˣŪڹ֮䡣
ڴʱ˿̵Ļ֮ǰǰˣ׶ˣֱǿ޶ûᣬÿһӹȥ϶кüطǿҵľʹ֮УԼǷ·һֻƲޣҫȥ
ӳҫĹΧǣҫǱ̬ٶȣ粻ⷽԲ׵ĹΧֻʹľŰҫĴݲС
뷴ôҫӰӶķҫ빥ƸεĿסˣԼ˰ʵһһʽòΨһľǽֻӡĴȺۣҹעеά֡
ֻ֮ǰ·ԷһĴȺģڰҫѪ֢֮Ĺ£ؤ磬޸ٶѾϲϰҫĹˣɰҫľ
ΪʲôȺĻ˲Ǹԭ򣬰ҫ̫ˣ쵽ƴȺĵһ˲䣬֫徢ǧ֮һʱ㱻ҫشߣּٶµһһأȺĵԣѾɰҫľˡ
ʱѾˣڵ޸Ѿϲϰҫɵ˺ҫһǳȭͺĿڣûıȥȻˡ
ҫһ̤ϣֻаҫٶӦҲȫֻ˵巴ӦٶȱȰҫһٱϡ
ҫ߾۾ȴֻǿǰǳѵŤȥڰҫǷǳݵץסļһǱϥײͺıżͬʱ̧𣬺شҼ֮ϡ
ǾֻӡĴȺģҲסҫľ鲣һ㣬ɴƬɢΣҫǸ߸ᰴͷһתǰ
תֻĲӸԴɱתͷƣΪϰҫĶʵǷӦ
ǴʦԲˣعҫȻһЦһȣϥһöڿ񱩵ײ֮ϡ
ʱеһתҵʹоԼԴըһ㣬Գܣҫһϥײ˿Ѫҫݺײɡ
ΰҫû׷Լİգģһǿ񱩵ĹزᣬӦܽΡ
ֻҪһʧȥʶôӦþ»صԼˣҫôģͬҲôģ˵кܴĳɹʣÿ
ҫ֮ͣʱ˵еİҫܹλˣ֮ǰǵУҫβ֣ͣ쵽һ˷ָĵز˵۾ʹѡ
˵֮ǰҫֻƾԼһ˴ݻֻ˾ӣսѹ֣Ȼ𾴵Ļôʱ˿̵İҫѾ˲ƥеĸо
ǿֲٶȣ˵ľһ㶼ƽͬʱҲǰңðҫһġ
ҫҪǹһģ˵ͽֲԼⷽľݵ㣬Ҳ˿ʣ֮ǰսҫʵӹɡ
Χ˵۹⣬һԼѪҺƽ˲֪Լովþ˻Ѿȫսˡ
Ѫ֢ӵ˼£ԼҲԼļһֲֿٶȣ񱩵ľȫ˰ҫ⣬ľɲΧС϶١
~~~~
һҵĺУΧ˺ݺݵһҲҫ˫Ŀ΢΢㻹ʹ򰡣
ȻһѪޱȣֻ߸Ծ𣬾Ȼ̤ն˵빦ڽڵϸƲϵɢ׳֮ϣϵĴȺɢ˵а⣬ܿͻ̬ȥޱȡ
䲻ֻ빦ϣҲſֲı仯Ȼʼһؿڣͣڡڡڣ۷壬˵̵ĺһ㣬ֹסͻÿһ㾳ơ
ҫǰַ˼ͷһμ˿ƾ輫˵ķŭȥͣͻƾôֱǰδ
ٿնŭɶĿŰҫ֮ʱۿžҪͻƵ֮ʱڿռս֮ϣȻһģƳһ㣬ơ
鶸Ȼһ䣬Եøӵķŭϵ˺ų״ķģֻЩļ͵ĿֲץҳҲûֺ
ǸˣλʩܾˣҲлʩǣʣµ齻ƶɮͺãλʩܷģ
֮һĻ˵ĶУ䣬ǰеķֱӽ廨󣬳棬·ɽһѹá
֮ϣҫǰԶϪ֮Уһɫɮˣ̤ˮ֮ϣŰҫвϵо䣬˫Ŀգǰһ飬˿ȥӶָĪĸо
ƽɮǧ£ԵҫʩʦܿǸλ鷳ˣƽɮٴαǸ


һʮ һǱصħ
ԵʦˣǴʦͻ䣬ҫȻֻ֮鼱֮£òȫԸԿǴʦ֣Եʦ£ҫһ񣬿Ļص
ҫǰλԵ֮ǰĻпǿǵʦ֣ҴķҫܹоԼ֮ΪУȻҰճ
ҫԼĸоŲɣΪǰĿԵ̫ͨˣͨòͨƣͨĻͨо䣬ͨһ˲ȥעĸоɾͨĿԵȴһְҫǰδַѹ÷ַá
ʲô书ʽʲôطôγɱֲɢģţʵɢԵǳ񾳵ĸְɣιָˣǳڵĸ֣ѵɣҫ˼²ſԵľΪеǷΪҫòСĽǿԵûгһ˿ĶɷǿԵͨе㷴ˡ
ʩɲؽ䱸ƶɮƶɮ˷ǰֻΪʦܿǣģҲƶɮľйأȰʩǸʱ˵ģԵɽ˫Ŀ·۾ܱλƵģŰҫ˵
ҫ˫Ŀһţ˫ȭȻһкȻޱȣʲôֱӿԼ뷨ֱӶԼѧѾĵĵزˣҫкƷþòƽϢԿԵĽ䱸֮Խ
ӷ𣡵ƶɮͻˣʩ̬ƶɮոʶͨʶ˰ʩ룬ҲϣƶɮʩǸˣʩҪ黳Եе㲻Ȼڽţͬʱ΢΢ǷŰҫǸ
ҫһ죬Եǫѷҫβѣǧµͷڽп׹˵ʲôеĶⳬ֮һǧ˾ĲǴȱΪġС
еɮ޲ǵõʥɮΪޱȣǸǴ󷽵壬ȻһõĻħɮվǿվûħ֮ǰҲԶĵõɮ
ɼǧµĶɮ˵ߣ䣬ҪģԵǸʩ񣬰ҫԵúܲ˼ˣæ
ҫ˼һתԼСѧ似ӵ̽뷨ҲôţǿԵʶ֪̽Լ룬ҲʲôǷ֮١
ʦ̫ˣҫ֮֮ǰǰҫڽˣҫøʦǸǡҫǸ񣬿ԵҲ΢΢ǷǾѣһõɮ̬
ʦܹ֪̽ҫ룬֪ǺεȷŸط֪ʦɷһҫʵǺĽʦ£ҫʵ
Ե˵ͷ΢Цصƶɮһ֮ģ֮Ƿʮ֮һͨո֪̽ʩ뷨ıͨ߾֮һͨðʩЦˣ
ԭˣʮ似Ī֮ܣҫˣлʦߴͽ̣ҫȭԽǫѷĻص컹ǴĿ۽磬ŵѧʵǳ
Եҽ⿪ʥӡҽϰƤǣϸҶҲŴңǰ棬ǳսȨʵ񼫣ɱɱǱѹڵ涯õЪ˹ţҪɱҫ졣
ʵʱҪɱĲֻǰҫһ˶ѣе˶ҪɱĿ꣬ΪֻҪˣȻû֪֮ǰҫݺݻܵǱ
ԴӸҫսԼʼձԷռϷ磬ǱҫѹŴԴӳⳡսһս֪˶ҪԼΪԵ¿ԵҲҪȡ
ôȥˣλʦҹΪоģҪ˭֪ʦܵɱ⻹޼ʦģǾԲʹ˷ʦֻлʩ˵ҰһɣԵ̾Ϣһ˵һϵķһ·𱻽һֵıĲҫо档
ԵһػҡҡͷԵеҲΪģҪ÷𷨾ɷԸΥӿԵϵĻԼǵĹģǳġ
Եʦҫһ²֪ҫ˵
ʩ˵޷ֻҪ漰һЩܣƶɮػ֪޲ԣԵ˵ͷڻص
Ǵʦħƽ֪ʦɷʾǻʲô֮Ǵʦħҫʵ
Ҳǰҫжԣֻǰţּ׶ĸ˸񣬿϶ΪǴ˲ٵ󣬰ҫԿҲǼкøУԷĴȱ뿪ҲǰҫҪ˽ԭ֮һ
Ե΢ͣ٣ҡҡͷ˵ӷ𣡰ʩɴģԵʦڴлǧµĿһȻΪǧеǿȥ⣬ˣŻᵼǿһʵп԰
ŷڷϣҵȶʮµӣ֮һ֣Ŀʼ
ʱʮʦֵܣ˵˲ϲ˲˳ɵʦֵܣе̰**ʼħ֣ǱĶ֪ʱƣ֮еĴ󲿷˶ĳ֮ʱħ׵ı
ɷбףħǣڹ뾳ϻͻͽһ̵ʱǵľ綼һܴĿȡ
˵ӳ֮֮һ£룬ֻžΪ˿ûиоجεĿʼ
Եһҫ˲ɴ˫ۣʲôҫк֪ⷽصʷЩеٮٮ֮ⷽ󣬽ԼԭǷеĹ򣬳뵽ⷽصһ
ǰҫͬҪģ޷Ҳ޷ֻܿͨһҲͣԭľ֮УȡðɣҫٶѾ㹻̬ˣʮ굽ӳ֮ʥڣ˵ȥԱˣΪ콾һ
ǧµĿһҫҪԶԶˣһĲʮڣٶЩٳ޷²㾳ǣȥǰҫҲ𺳲ѣħӾô֮治С
ҲˣԵ˵ǵľ빦Ƕʱڣ˼ǿʵǣǵ˵ҫܹǿǻǿԵүүүүһ꣬Ҳ˵ǵľҲ񾳵ġ
ôǿǻԼսʱΪʲô֮ʥԼڵľԼսֱҫѹ̫ˣűԼԭеľʵѹԼʵΪҫҲǲĺܡ
԰ҫĹƣҲǿǣ侳Ϊ߳ϵļʴﵽ˳񾳣ǰڻڣǺڣͲö֪ˡ
Ƕ˱ԭеľΪҫսҫͱ֮еκһˣıͷܣһͿˣǻ֮ǰǰ档
⵱еҲֻܣʿԵˣԵӵġ
ҫ˿ûзΪĵķԲʮڣúǹ죬Ϊ֮⣬ʮﷶΧڵӾ˼άˡ
ͨ


һʮ ǧµأӮĲʣ
Եͣͣ֯һ£뷨˵ΪŵӣڷΪѧ裬ƫƫΥɲǡԭΪʵǷھǣʵȴǴش
ھ빦ϵ£ǱеħҲԽĴѾʼǱĬӡΪ׵ľʦֵеΪ
ʦܿվ޲ʱһ֮ħò˵ĻħɮĶʦܿҵھ֮ʱ֮һֱĸ򣬵ħκﶼʧȥ˸оҷӡ
ʦܿջǿнս֮ʱɱħһʱܲˣԾʦܿܣ⿴һŮԡħȻŮӼۣǳΪһĶɮŷܣǧµĺɽء
ʦܿǸΣ̬֮һʱʢħķΪħ
ħĴڣǿһһ䣬ԶΥŸеķ⣬ֿ֮˵ǿ಻ԡ
ƶɮλʦ֣ԼΪİʦܣҲǱչãԼҹĿŷķΪмӳ־ħɱ
з𷨼ӳ֣ħƶɮЩʦǾڽˣħĿֲڵһ˿һиᱻ룬ʵǷʤ
ؾǧµĲ֮أԵȻѿڶܻ䣬ðҫеСҫһ˿ԵʾΧĻʺ˵̫ࡣ
Ե΢΢ҡͷʾ޷ҫ㶣Χԭǽ̸֮ʣԵѲɫʩչͨһطΪĵʮﷶΧͬʱռȫֹˡ
ҫνǴʧɫֶֽΣʥʥĲ޷ģҪ뻯뻯֮пʵ֣Ҳ˵ǰĿԵҲǳ񾳵۷壬ֻ̤뻯Ĵڡ
Ѿٽ뻯ķŴܣȻܶԼƽ׽ˣӵ˵ɼǷᲢۣĺء
ʵƶɮҲǸճزãħļʮһˣ˼룬˽λʩҲǻˡ
ƶɮҲǷΪ֮Ҫ˵λʩҲģΧһѱƶɮֹ֮ͨˣΧǲ֪ǵ̸۵ģƶɮУ꣡Ե΢΢һЦ˵
ҫһۣеѹ£ͬʱ˵ͷҫڵʦ
Ե˵ͷ˵ʦܲҵճƶɮλʦ֣Լʦܹͬչصֿħ֮ʱƶɮʮֱʦܣΪصͬʱħױħٿ񣬾ȻʼɱͬҪǧ£ػ֮С
ȻҪӳȥҲô׵ģ֮ǰħ֣ŷʵаţȽ˾ۼһ÷ʥоħͬʱǲԺĦԺ޺ʮ񾳸֣һʱƲסħҡ
κԸΥǴħļ屬쳣ͣƺʲôһ㣬ڣֻһ˲䣬Ȼʮʦܵʵһ˼ĵزʮ񾳸֣ȻܵʦǴǱ˲ء
һΣվһεӳҪѪȲңڵĸִģ»أ˵ԪˣҪĻ˿ʮʦܣۿҪɽΪһ֮ʱŷɱΣֻͬĦԺߴգʹ֣
ʮʦܵȫħռݣѾ˾޿ɾȣ޷صĵزŷɱʹֻ֣ɱ¾֮£ʮʦȫСӷѪʷǵķŵһң̾ɱ
Ե˵֮󣬰ҫͬʱ񣬽Ե˵Ĺúóһ£ҫһȴǣˣﾪ춯صأ֮⣬ԵƺҲ⽫ȫгϾո˵˷¡
ʦ˵ķ£Ƿλʦأȿʵ
Ƿʦ֣ճ֮Եֱ˵Ļظ
ʦ߾дʦݵ㣬񶼵ľ޷ˣ֪ʦľȥεȵزɷ֪ҫʵ
ӷ³ƶɮʦܣԼʦܿŷ֮ǰμӽսֱƶɮ·ݵ㣬ʦ·ڶݵ㣬ʦ·һݵ֮ˡ
ʵռս֮ƶɮλʦѹ˹뾳磬ĻʩҪԵĽ񾳵ԵƲݣҫҲ׼ԵĻػҲԼĲ²ⲻıϡ
ʦΪҪѹƹ뾳磿ҫٴʵ
Ե̾Ϣһҡͷصʩˡƶɮɸ֮˵Եɣʵڲɱ˵ֻ֪˵εĽսǹһʤ֮䣬ӮĲʰ
ҫʲôӮĲʣȻĴռϷ磬ǽսſʼСʱȻ񶼾ӵֿƣڱս۾һһϦܿʤ񶼵һЩսԲûʵʩ˭ʤ˭ֻһʱǷֲ۵ġ
ֻǰҫ֮һðҫĻǣԵ˵ѹ˹뾳磬ԭԵλʦг񾳵ľ繦
ôǵΪʲôѹأԵ˵ҫҲǿϾ˼ҿ˵ǧµأѾʵѵãѹƹһ£ҫ˼⣬֮һʲôΪ֪ıڡ
ƶɮǲͨʩı飬֪ʩĶˣֻǣƶɮʵ˵ãλʩƶɮ֮ϵ˵ҹһʤҪλʩϸˣԵ΢΢һЦŪ˵
ҵı飬۾ҲܿУʲôҫţֻǰҫиոͷ֮һӺϳ˵ĶС
棡棡磬·һݵѱƣ·һݵѱƣڽгؾɨ
ʲô
·ݵ㣬ŽɱʹֽһɭѪЦݣǰҶսӵĳӲš
ʱ˿̵ĳӲţձٹһ㣬Ҳ̶ã£ٵ˿ڣҰ׵ʧѪ࣬ϵļ㣬ǹĲűֽƬֻһˣҶˣ֮ǰսУѾֽɱˡ
·ݵ㣬Žɱʹ֮һǧ磬ڶǰӢսӵܶӳЦͣ
ʱ˿̵ĻҰ֮ɫԼĸǱǰħŮɱһɸɾֻѾûˣԼҲ֪ԼľֻĸݣǾӡ


һʮ 䣡뱼Ԯ
ҫȻ̧ͷ죬ͻ˵Ƕľѣݵ㣬Ǹ֧սಿӽԮģʵֹ
ݰҫƣֻҪؾݵսǣžݵ¥赲ϷأҪһһҹԲʲô£񾳸Ҳδô̵ʱڽ¡
Ȼ񶼵ĹԳƼȻûôóǷͳƼ豸ֲǰÿģһݵ֪ˣ˴˰춼֧ŵ˰ҫ˵ԮݵҲˣܱ˵ƾ͹Ƶġ
ҫսԼԵ̸ĶʮݵȻͱͬʱˣʲôʱ㺧ˣѾѹơ
λʩƶɮ˵֪λʩкʣԵ˰ҫ˼ʵ
ŶûˣҷΣҵҪȥԮǣԵʦģʵ˰ҫһ£֮ǰ³ҫˣ˿ǴʦԵʦҪ黳ҫæȭһ񣬿ڻص
˵ʵڵԴ·ľݵ㱻֮󣬰ҫĻʲôҪʣʹУҲֽʱʣҫֻ룬ϵ·ȥعΪһȡᡣ
ʩˣʵƶɮҪлʩƷʦܲǣһȷѪġʩᣬ£ȴչֳ˵Ⱦ˵սɼʩȷǷǷ֮ˣֻǡ
ԵͻȻͣ٣漴ָڿлһһɫĳ֣ԵһӣĽһʢҫֻоǰ⻮ֱӸҫĶͷ֮ϡ
ԵһȥޱȣҫӲûзӦĸڰҫͷ֮󣬵ȥΣҫֻоз·泩ޱȣԭڽѪ֢֮ѪҺ궯һӱƽˬ⡣
ҫ磿Űҫһ˳ı飬Ŀʵ
ҫ΢ЦͷʾްԵһЦĿ˵ʩѪ֢֢֮󣬿ԴʩսǣӴ֮ȴԽѪҺص˺ƽʹ࣬ػڰʩ¼һҲ֮ǡ
ƶɮոΪʩ䣬Ƿŵһ񣬵ѪʵĸģȲϷʮ԰ʩķѪ֢ŲСѹ֮ЧʩȻõϣ
ҫ˲ϲ⣬Ѫ֢԰ҫ˵ǱǷбף԰ҫԸĻȥʲôããõϾˣʲô߰£ֱӱһԣǡ
ɴӿԵĻпѪ֢Ȼǣĳ̶ȣҫһ񱻿Եһˣ԰ҫ˵ԴҪʲôɡ
ҫϲѣſԵһ񣬿ڵлԵʦĿպֻҪõϰҫģʦһɣҫضȫԸԼ
ӷ𣡷ŽһԵǿһʩԵպҲⲻʩ˵СС£ʩҪ黳ˣϣҿһҪʩִ֮ʱʩֲǣԵ΢΢Ƿƺаҫְæڡ
ҫҲƴǣеǳֶ̣̣οԵƷΪҫҲľߺøУû䣬ҫҲػһﵽףַŸɮ԰ҫǴڵԸ˵Ȼǲ͵ύ
ʦıǣҫ˵Ļв㣬ֻҪʦһﻰ£ʹɽ𺣣ҫҲƴǣΥģ𣡡ҫ˫ֱȭһȻĻص
Ե΢Цͷʩˣй֮£ҿһҲȻðʩաȻˣôƶɮʦȻˣ
ʹʦҫͬʱȭһ񣬹˵
Ե˵ͷȻʲô˵ŮʩѩѱĽǰ֮Ůʩ
΢΢һ㶵˵㣬Ե˫Ŀһ϶ŽһٴαպϣͻȻһƺ֮УõʲôѶϢһ㣬ͷ˼
ҫĿһĻҲʣһȻԵһӣǱĽٿƮΧʱռҲٳ־ֹ״̬һлָ
λʩԵҿһŴڣҵȱػټʱλʩִҿһԵм
Եһ·ԤδһλŲһ·һ㣬ʮ׿⣬ʧڶ˵ǰ
ҫ˽üͷպһǧ¿һйصĴ£ڵȥҴӿԵĻⳡսǱȻ޷ˣԿԵı£ҫҲһлԵĺá
ҫ磬ոտԵʦͨһѶϢң֮󣬳ŰҫûͷûԵıһ仰
ʲôѶϢҫʵ
Ǵ̾Ѷ˵ǲҪ΢΢ľ߰ЧǷѾɹ΢΢ĻңĽ˺ܴͻơ
һ˵˹žսѩѱĴڸ·ĵڶݵ㣬ԵĻǼһ棬ͬʱаİڻصõѶϢȫѳ
ҫ˵ͷаҲһˣҫʵޣʵ˴չ֮󣬱ҪаһǱȻģڣôһһȽһΣ˵µǿȷһš
ʱ˶ѻָʶҫǳȵķһػؾݵˡһߵ·һݵ㣬ҲǱסˡ
ѹĸֱҫһˣؾݵĿȻԵߣһ㣬ҫҲúܣǧµĸ֣ⳡս֮УȻֻزĻʹˣҲСɫ䵱ǰ䡣
ټľʿҫ״ݻ٣ʮһûиֵҲô鹥ƣҫҲߵİġ
ȻֻҪ֧սӵܶӳûԲеֱͣȥԷľݵ㣬·ľӦȵֻҪصõҲᱻڶʱڹơ
ǰҫٴζ˼䣬һܶӳԼˣرɣ׷ɳ׾룬ס·ľֶ֮Բߣֻز
˶԰ҫĶνƴӣûаֵĳɣǵпԿǶ԰ҫ˵ľη֮飬ѾﵽһֲҷԷӵĸоϾҫչֳĺսʵǲС
ҫҲֵУ֮󣬶һֱ·ķȥ˱ֳٶȿĲ˼飬ֻһͻϵ죬һѾ˵Ӱˡ
ҫչֳٶȸоǴһһּˡҫֱƿϣƵƵƺòˡ
·˿ռ֮ڣɾԼٶȣ춯ԺԲƣٶҪҫһߣӰֱתۣĲ˼顣
֮ڰҫļ£ɵĿ˰֮Ϫ·ľݵ㡣
ĿûкɱľʿֻһճŨױĨľɫŮӣԼһֽƬװֻ¶ӵĹӡ
ҽһ£Žɱʹֽǧ磬˽ˣǿȥˣ


һʮ ֽǧ磡ս
ɱʹֽͭףͭͣҲʥҵľΪڶɱʹ֮Уǵײ㡣
׾У翪ʼҲеɾˣʥ۷壬ˣʥڵĶִڣҲڶɱʹеˡ
ǿĽɱʹǾɱʹеĶˣΪ͵ҲʥڵĴ֣屦еƴʥ۷ľ֣ҲʥڵĴ֣ΪߵѾﵽڵĵز
˵ҲȤҲ֪ϲŪѧʶʲôԢ⣬ŵɱʹ˫ҲˣֶĲɡ
ͭɱʹҲͲ˵׾ǧˮݣһԾŶס׾͸˵ˣ屦ֽǧ磬޷죬ģԼǿĺա
ʱڰҫǰһҪɱĶˣŽɱʹ֮һʥ۷ľ磬λнǿֽ֣ǧ硣
ֽŶڹķʥɸտᣬ϶ž̸ֽԼĶŰֽ¡ɱޱȣİֿ֣缲磬ֽѸѵ죬ʵǿ
ǧ磬ΪŽŶڹķñɭϡǧ䡯ǧ򻯣Ȼ֮Чʵ֮ǿڶŮһ֮ơ
ֽǧʵѵȺʱǧµĿԵ֮ʱͨµӵ֪˰ҫķλ֮սһ·лԵĴ
ڶ˿ֲʵ£·ݵزСʱĹƣ֧սɱ֮ʣ֧Ҳˣ˳״С
֮ͣԭزΪǰҫԮıؾ֮أǾΪɱҫ
ţĶңҲû˰ҫһ¶ԱţھָҪɱҫֽǧ磬εš
ûأҫ磬ǵĹ㱾ʵ϶أûĴһ°ҫĺףǲõ˵
ҫ˵ĿЦֽǧ統һ£ǧ绹ãƺ԰ҫȤһЦֽʵǱòС
ǧ粻֣ɱСӣһӣѹ󣡡ֽĴһкǰҫ޼ɵЦŭеŭȼգҪѰҫٶ
㣡Сʵܲ򵥣СǻԴͷģŵҪСǧǻݺɤΪöǿֽȴǴ
ֽһҲ໰߳԰ҫЦͷҲǶ˵·ôǿȥˣ
ֽһ仰£˫һ˦ֱֽţһҫȥٶļӳ£ÿһֽƬаǵصƣίʵޱȡ
̸ֽһںİ湦УΪңƤΪֽڽʥֽµ˫ظ֮£浶潣ƥɸտᣬʵѲ⣬ɱ产ˡ
ǵ̸ֽϰҫʱ׻ܲǰˣɱ죬ǾҪʼˣϾҫҲʲôʡ͵ĵư
ǰһƬֽƷҫϴŵЦݣݲȵĵǰһ̤ұչȭ˳һȭһǺƽ̿׼Ľֱȭ˺˵ȭѹϯǰֽֽ·ҡ
ֹֽƱҫ׾ٵƽ⣬ȻŭЦɭЦݣƺǰľԼİѿ֮Уֻ˫һŤԭҫȭѹҵֽȻŲͬĹ켣Ϊٴͣҫȥ
ŶСأҫ΢΢һ㶣ǰһĻ΢ľ
ҲǣǰλŽɱʹƺţ֮ڣǽ֮УŵŵĶ֣˵֮ҫҪĴǣ治ô׵ġ
ʱֽ£ѱ棬ٶȻƶǺѸͣҫҲ֮ģ˲𣬾ٴδ㹥֮ʱ˳Ƭǹ·ϰͬʱһ㣬ƼΪˡ
ǹֻһǾǷ·һкӵֺֽֽչҵײûκһǹգеӵ۾Ƶģֵֽݻ٣ֽƬ׷׹䣬һֽ꣬ҫΪ֮һ
ѾͷܽģҫŤͷԵ˵
һԵһ˿ζЦݿһ۰ҫ˫ִָһǹӣС죬ǹϵ˫ĿֽʱԵ쳣˿ᾢʮ㣬Ҳֽǧ˲Ŀѡ
֪ǰҫ磬ҲþûгأٲһĻ嶼⣬ֽͽԸɣǧͽҫ㿩ҫ磬ǧҪΪŮӾŶɱʹɱ˲գ۵ħͷҪԴŶŰҫȻһЦ˵ҫҲʼ磬εĽķ䡣
ǹȻַܽĻϣ׾ˣ۲ʶ̩ɽأֽɭȻһЦ˵
˫ǹԴ΢΢һᣬҲΪĿڵ֪һʹ
ַ֪ˣͬǰֽ֣ܿЦһڻص
ΪֵֽͬǰʱȻֱֵܹ̼ǿĸоһԼԼļ¸С
ָоǿѨ磬ԼһеĶ֣ڸոʱֽԼԵе
ԼĹƣûпȥǰ򵥣켣֮࣬ĺУɾǰôһεεľˣȻ˾׼Ŀһ˫ǹԼĹƳ߽⣬ֻ׼ַ֮ԼҲضãôܽԼȥļء
Ȼǰ֣ôӦֻ֪Ҫڣ˲˰ҫģĶֻһŶ΢΢һЦЦݺ崺һ㣬Ŀ
ֽҪػ֮ʱߵǧȴֹ̧סĿڣһ˵λӦþѩѱʥŮ˰ɣǧʥŮ밲ˣǵĿֻǰҫһˣʥŮ²ҪֲźãһʥŮµ֮ĽݵҪǹҵҲǳﲻأ
ǧһ˫ۣʤѩپ续£ȻҪѷɫһ֣Ҳһζ
ҷҪأҡҡͷһ˿ϷŰЦݣڻص
ǧҲŭɱ΢Цڻصҵȷ֮ǰҫʥŮ·ҪҵҲֻܵˣ
ǧ绰һ䣬Ƴһֽ˵ǣסʥŮ£סǧҪǣסͿˣ
ֽ˵ͷ˫һֽӿֱȥҲ˫ǹݺύӵֽ൱һһ߻һתŲʧ١
ҫ̾ϢһƲƲ죬ָǣһžЦ˵˵ȥһսˣǧǰɣҿɲŮӣͻŶ
ǾٺòҫȫΪǧУҲðҫĿ
õô
ǧ˵ĳȻõ𣡡


һʮ ֽ£ǹսֽ
ռսڣ·ƫµУϵıһζǿҵ춯ľ֮УһһŮӰ׷Ҹϣѽѷ֣ܵľٵ鲻
һʵֽ£ȫԱֽƬǣ˫۷תֽƬһ㲻ͣļ켣꣬ٶȿ缲磬۾Ƶģ׷ǰǵٻӰš
ֽƬ費ϣ֦ܵľƥֽƬľмɽҲ̶ãֻֽƬοѸͣȴմǰŮӵ
Ůɣżľ֦֮ϣתŲ쳣ɾǷǱѰֽƬҪԱеǹ١
ŮӿǹַһɶƺΪĵԲηΧ֮УκһǶȶĸֻ֪ڣǹ֮£κﶼΣֽƬ
һһŮԶ빥Ķ֣˫룬Żǧ򻯣ÿι任λݱһʱ仹ֲ£ֽ
ëѾͷ˵ðЦַӦĲ˼飬ðַȻʧȻǱǶȸֲˣҪַĻǻ˵ãֽоչֳʵȷľѡ
ŽɱʹȻʲô˵ѰɫֽǲƣȻֽܽƬɰãʵδţһֽҲǱĲãֽֿ籼ףʵѱ棬ᲢãöԸأŲϱ仯Χ׷ֽüͷ뵽
ֽɵγֲڼɵǶŽɱʹֲʲôèһıɵǺġ
һ̧־һǹ׼ֽҪ֦ɣ飬ֽһ̤գҪٴνΧȴźܴľ룬ʼʮ׵ĵ׹ȥ
ҲѲסֽ˫һʮֽƬ䣬ֻżֽƬٴνͬʱ˫һƮֽƬ裬ֱֽۻӶǺƬһֽţԶ
ֽŵĶⰵ֣Լ׹ΣķٳӦν죬Žɱʹ֮
ֻǣֽȻǿҲǳصģӭֽ첻ɷֺв֮С
˫˫ǹӵ֯׾ٵĵֽĹƣʮӵͻֽƣֱֽȥ
ʥŮǺþ׼µֽ¹ؼ汸ᲢãʥŮ£ֽ׳ˣվϵֽЦһ˫۷תֱϵֽƬ֯ḥֽ̂ǰӵ·ཬ֮ϣȫ뵽ֽ֮ڣһ©صȵ
̸ֽֽĥ
ֽ£ֽѾѰʮҺЩƽƽֽŽнɹɣͨҺĴ߻Щֽʮ㣬֮ţƤҪ࣬Ѱ˸ǳã˺
ҲηѰֺšֽġľı֯£δ֮УڽҲպգеһɱ
ΪѾԴû뵽Сأ΢΢һ㶣˫ۻ˶ϵǹ
Լϵһ˫ǹ񶼿ѧԺ¸ĸ˹ǹŵȥǿ࣬ӵѻ˳ܶȸоӵ׾ٵʮֺĸְ忪һСĿӶɱ侪ˡ
⻹ҪģǹѾ˽ϰٷӵȴһжûл˵ûУҲûееĲڣǹʵĵģӵ䲻ꡣ
ʵ˹ǹҲʲô˲õ飬ȻĳЩ˵Сƣ˵񶼿ѧԺĽԺʿ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭһ纮µĽƫƫ͸ദ˵Ц쳣Ǣɳ⣬һ˭Ƿ޿˿
ûҰҫȥ֮óͼֽеԸ˹ǹһװǹԶȣӵԶȴǹܵĸ˹ǹ
ڱսʱҲûȥѧԺͬзøŨǹܽݣȻĤƬǹܣﵽǹԶȴ˵ϰٷӵǧ򷢣ʮǧ򶼲ᵼǹܹȱ
ӵзͱȽ鷳ˣ漰ռ似ԭּ񶼿ѧԺУҲļ֮һЩʲôʱȡ˼άģ⼼תҲײȥ
Ҳǿһأ˿Ҫ죬ôѹصĻҪлǿѧԺĪѧ֮һһȥֻ߰ϳС˵ԺʿеϵҲʵûˣֿռת۵зòȴֻܽλѧԺȨˡ
ӵпѧְƵСͷͼֽƷûȥʮӲ˻Ҳ˵ʲôǹˣֻ˫ڸǲסļ˿ȣʵëȻĪĵõ񶼵һӵӵĸ˹ǹ
˼еĸ˹ǹһڣԽڵȻˣǾȫԸɣҾͲˣڹǣ첻ɣ
˶˫һǰȥٶȿӰޱȣϵֽջǰֽƬ֮󣬿Ž¼Լһ㶣漴üͷ
ˣ̫أˣëѾͷľˣˣҲδܱסңλܷβ˭ɱ˭鷳ĺܡֽݺݵҧҧзߺ޵뵽
ַŲֽŵսҲǱĺܣֲòôȥҪôˣĽݷĵƤǶģҲò֡
ֽٿһԾڰպһ㣬תֽµֽƬƱһбֱȥ飬ǵأХڶƾޱȣÿһƬֽŶƥǧͷкסе·
̸ֽֽ꣡
΢΢ͷֽٲȻ壬ֱ֮ʣ˫趯ͣ磬ᾢʮ㣬û뵽ǵصֽ֮Уȴֽմÿһǹ׼ޱȵĽֽݻ١
ȥֽĹƷΧ㣬׺ݣʵϻû˵ֽ֣ۼԼĹƽҪ߽⣬ҲǺݺݵҧҧֽµÿһƬֽţԼƵģٵһžһţʵʹޱȡ
ʯ֮䣬ԳֽķֽĽ£ֻżһ㣬˦һɫ̹ͬʱ߶һУװ
Ļո£һӣ̹ܷһƴӱε̹գ֮䣬Աóͣһ״Sͽ֣ҲƵıС
ʱֽе£ǰʵǳĽṹʵס򣬱˰űһ˧
ֽսؽ춯أҫ֮һأ
ʱ˿̵İҫɴ˫ۣ״סˣǰĻ£ŤãĶֱ죬ʱʱͳƤ鸡ĸоӾȫʧ⣬˷·ʯһ㣬ãǧĽâȫɡ


һʮһ Уʶǧ佣
ʱص뿪һ̣ǧ˵֮󣬰ҫտʼԵе㲻ΪȻǰò֮һֵŮӣôôһƿ
ǻոյѣ˿Ҵ⣬Ͼ˼⣬ҿƣҲԲʲôѰɫνĻƿֻǼ󣬰ҫС֮ģ̽һ¶Էѧ·˵
ҫĪһ̤棬һ촫˶Ȼʧǧǰ·˲һ㣬ٴγǧǰ
׹ӣÿٶȣǧ΢΢һЦ˵
㿴üҫüͷһ壬ʵ̧־׺һȭȭ׶Ʒը죬ȭޱȣȭδȭԴǧ糤
׹ӣٶ죬ǻûеǧ練Ӧĳ̶ȣ𣬰׹׼ȺеǿأǧЦҫûüͷƤá
ǧ˵ҫе׼ͷȷƫĿԣǧ֮仹׶Զľ룬ҫкǲ죬Ϊ֪ԼոյĵȷȷǳǧǰȭͷҲֱǧȥ
ƫ׶ԶȭͷͣڿǰһȭɨֱȥǴƫˣƫеĪƫĺǹ졣
۷λλٶµĲӰԾǣôֻһԭˣҫ˿Լȭͷͷ˼
׹ӣһŶǧһЦϷʵҫ
ҫľޱĵ˵ͷ漴ٿһԾ֧ȡǧͷ­ȿޣӰȷͣûΪǧŮӶ飬һ־Ǻ飬űɱ֮ƣݺݵһͳǧ硣
׹ӣ治ϧ񰡣һȻ˵ĺأǧ˫Ŀһһҫͬһţֱӳǧ󣬰ҫٴ˴ŵƫ˺Զ
ҫס֮ŤͷƳһۣ޼ɵЦͣǧ磬˵Ĺҵʶ
ǧüһƣǸ߸𣬲ÿɷһЦкȻ뵽СӣСˣȻܿñɭİڣز¶أ
ñɭڶڹķ֮һһ湦ںδⲿȥѡ񹦷ɹȥѡˡ
ñɭԵ֮ˣͳͳᱻų⣬֮̾ͻᷴȫϾΪˣ֮࣬ص𺦴˼άΪˣһմķˣǱҡ
ǣֻҪܵϿɵˣ°빦һǧȾѰİٱǧ֮ǵˣܴԾٶȶҪȳ˿ϲ١
⻹ǻñɭһ㣬ⲿأĵطڰҫո˵ģһַǳԣǾ׹һ˵ʶʱһ˶ʱռжϡ
ΪУҲΡɫζֱӦӾζָй١Ϊʶۡǡࡢʶ
һһʶ⵽ңʲôĺ˱˵·ˣŲڣñɭֻҪͨĳý飬ĳ̶ֳ޶ȵУʶ
һ£ֻҪǧһ°۵Ӿ봥ôҫĹܹǧ籾ˣΪڰҫӾйУǧܽʵǧȴԶôҫĹҲֻǿջӶѡ
ҫ֮ǰǹǧù˰ҫӾ봥ĽðҫΪȷǧķλʵȴǲ֮ǧա
ҫҲƾԼҰްսʶԼѧǻۣǹ۲쵽һ㣬еǷΪûʲôëĻôӰԼԼʲôë
ųһв֮ôпֵܳëֻийʶˣǧͨʲô;ԼʶҫһʱҲôġ
ΪӿʼڣҫܹоǧûжҲȫûгֵļԼڱ˸йʶ֮ƵƵʧѡ
ҫô̵ʱڽоһ˻ñɭİҲǧ첻ѣҲڣݵʶ˾Բˡ˺ܶôԽеĹ˵ԳƵ޼ѽ
ؿǰҫŤŤӣȲǧôʩչ֮ҫѾӦ֮ߣƳǧһۣЦǧǰɣȷҪһС
׹ӣбǣǧ˵ȥĻóȥˮûвùһк󣬰׹ȥҲȥûź񲻿գǧ΢΢һЦЦȻÿȴǲм֮ɫ׼Ŀڲһҫ֪⵱еİкãҲҪƽ˲УƣǿЦĺܡ
ҫζһЦ˵ͷڻص㶼ˣҲҪһǡ
˵֮󣬰ҫҲӽǧ磬ת̧־ƽƽһȭǧǧڰҫֱۻû̧һ˲䣬Ŀһתһ˿ϷŰЦŰҫһȭ
ڰҫУȥǧƺǰʵǧѾƲ˰ҫбǵʮȷ򣬶֮ԶֻһǸ߸ǰҫޱȵǧ磬˵ľѾת
ҫһȭǴƫˣƫıȸոиףǧ׿бλáǧΪʲô𺧣ΪҫȭͷȻִƫˣǺɽһȭ磬ȴš
ǰҫƽ֮þԵһȭƺХһȭѹȭ磬ҪԼʶûбңҲҪǧλڣֻҪǧԼǰȻᱻԼȭѹȭС
ǧ任λΣʶΣӲһȭĹΧֻҪǰһΧȫȭѹȭ縲ǣôƶôҶãĵ㡣ҫЦǧ类Լһȭɡ
ҫ룬ǧʵʵڵĳ˰ҫһƿֱӱȭѹȭУѪɽף𲻿ͷɢòǱ
ǧٿһأƽѪķһȭҫȫǰǰʮװԲθǵĹзȭƵķֺǧֻףжأһҰףѪţ˾֪ˡ
֮ǰʹˣ˵õģҫЦ˵Ｋ֮߳⡣
ǧһһӣ˲任ԭµȫһ飬ŭգӣСֵޣɱ⣬˿ȥίɲĻ֮ǰǰ㻨ò
ѹҫȥˣԭûʲôʹ࣬ʹһģȻ㲻ڴһһĸٶǧ籾ͷɢɭȻЦݣ˲
ǧ糤ϣӨ͸һѵɫˮ߳ɢŵӫ⣬ǧ籾ˣ˫һʢһһâֱƶȻ˴գۼͿ˰׵ľ룬âһʲƣ֧ȡҫͷ­
ǧ佣ǧ䣡
ҫɴ˫ۣסˣǰĻۻңŤãĶֱ죬ʱʱͳƤ鸡ĸоӾȫʧ⣬˷·ʯһ㣬ãǧĽâȫɡ


һʮ ǹֽֽ
֮УֽսѾ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȣ˫ӵֽɣ֮ĲϽеԶӵ˹ǹͬʱڱе£˵ռϷ硣
ֽֽֽ˵Ǽ٣澭һǹһţһɨʮŵĻһʱʹ֮࣬ʹѣȴûޣܻĲûιȥ
ģëѾͷǿ׼ҲôнƲţԽԽݣôߣɷҲֽлʮ㣬ƫƫǾ岻֣бĺܣȴԽԽԽԽ˳֣ϵЦ쳣ţнֽеļơ
ֽްΪǰκ˵ĸĸˣʱʮѵĽ
ĽݷǺҲ˵䵽˭ĶﶼŵļƤһأ쳣ԸŹȫƣϲǲŪˣǵĵ˵Է򸾾ԱȻȪеĶħҪˡ
ֽȫܹĵԼ˵̫أ䵽Ǹʲô³˾ԻὫŪãܣԼĶͷ˾ŵ԰δܱԼ԰ΪȥĽݷôλ˵㡣
ˣ֣ͲõĽݷˣһëѾͷϣȫɣֽݺݵҡҡ쳣˼һ䣬ȻһʥŮƣֽҲֻõˣ
ڿϳȫô㻹̣Цһ˫Ŀ磬׺ݣĶֽš
ֽŲڣԾϰգγɴͣ˫˫ͬʱˤ治Զ֫ϵֽ͵гǧϰ֮࣬ƼΪˡֽ䣬ֽ˫׹¶˫۷תһ壬ȻԼֽƬ
ǣֽ֮󣬲ûзƮ䣬ӿݵոնʮ࣬ǵصƣƻỵ֮̄Ѹײڶ֮ƣ
̸ֽֽȣ
ǰֽƬŭ˿һ㣬кһУƿնֵǰ
ǰһ״תγһ͵ƣȻֽƬĹ켣һӰ죬κƬʵ̫࣬ɳԱҵĳ
ֽƬɢȥ֮󣬱ѾǲƲ뱨Ҳֻһ֮ңѣֽһЦиϲ
֮ǰⱩлԾͷԶͭƬS͵ıԵ絶Խ׷Զˣ̤յǹսֹ
һʱȻѹֽеĺͷϴ棬Ӧίʵѡ
ֽҲòϣ﹦Ч֮ǿ֮һ㶼ҪԼֽ֮ϣȻǵжԹϵҲò˵һ֡
ֽٿ֮ǰһΪ飬ǰеĲƣŭҲգ̧ǹ䣬ʮӵ׼ȷڱеĽṹϣѾưܲıֱɢ˼ܣΪһ
ɾڴʱ˫ָ˹ǹǹ˫趯ԲתԵ޹ʵĹһ΢磬ɷǹ졣
ŰľɾַеƬֱոصֽȥһõļƬɳٶȸѸѵһ뱩еƬͬУֱֽȥ
ⷬٶֽɶĺͷԣ͸ҪеǷΪ³ľٶֽһ˿һĴ֮ģϾ˼ҵʵǣ˭֪ǲһء
˵ʱʱ졣缲磬鶯磬űеƬֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬱Ѻʮףֽǰҵľ룬ֻһɨԶֽƬʹ֮Ȼһ壬ݺݵĹֽ
ʵɣǱе÷΢΢һЦ˵
ʥŮ£Ӧָ䲻⹥䲻ɣǣҲֱһ㣬뷨ԶأֽЦص֮䣬ֽٴתḥ̂֯Ĺƽз
˵ĺܶԣҲ˵Ĳԣȥ䲻⣬䲻˵ģ΢ЦͣЦݣȴֱֽëĻһ㣬˸еһ˿˿Ĺ졣
ֻǵֽһٶ֮ͻȻһǿҵΣոУȴ˵ƬûиֺˣǹΣոиӵǿ
һУƺѾ֮ڣֻ˫۵ٴ΢ҲٴιǿɨƬֱ۷׷׾£ʮ·һһ㣬ɭȻӿֱնȻɢֽͷ׹䡣
ľӳᣡ
ֽķӦҲǼ죬һϽʣɵֽɳ֮һֱ֮ϣƾݳһ˲˦һȦһƣƬͳͳ
̸ֽֽޣ
ֽ֪ΣոˣĺΪеľֽ޵Ƭ֮еƬң£ϳˣһŤͣСߣ
ֽ벻׵ǣƬֱһ㣬ָĴģô϶ԣٶȿ죬ǿĽԼһĶֵأҪ뿪һܡ
Լ֮ڣѾƬȥе·Լ˱ʲôˣЩƬĽ֮ͱԼֽҪǿÿһŷɳֽ˺ķ顣
Ĺҵֽֽã⣬ֱ룬ȻˣǾ͸ƴһƴ˭ɣֽзݣѾ𣬴ಫ
ǣ˵ʮɹ½ʣֽȫ˵һ㣬ըһͷ֮еֽȫ
ƥ籼ףٶȿʯɰԲοɨķƬ϶ɵСߣȫ飬ȥƲ֣ɨ
̸ֽռһʽֽɱ̸ֽأ
ֽó̸ֽռһʽҲǿһʽԴ̸ֽһֻùΣһǵˣǰΣԼĵȫ·ٹιһ㣬
ۼޱȵֽƣ˫Ŀ˪Ųһȫ㣬ֽȥʵڹҿݣôתŲǱֽʮСһѪۡ
ɾ˺ٶ࣬ҲһȻı飬ָ֮仹һСƬ˦նƬȻŲ˰Ĺ켣һζΰԲ˼Ĵֽ֮ķ϶Уƿֽĳ䣬գ۲ٶֽĶǰ
硢ơɣأޡľ°䣡
ַʥŮ£ԳƵǰֻ֮кУҾûôֽɭȻȡ
ֽȻɢбı£ΪϽƤ£ֽõĶͬĲϣֽ̧һպýƬУƬ÷ֺ
ʯ֮䣬Ƴһֽ̧־һǹӵƫеƬ֮ϣƬ䴩ֽƣͷ­
˫һ˺ֽֽۣ
ɵô˵Ļô˵ˣǱе÷


һʮ Ư۾ȭǧ磡
ֽĶսĻ˵ʵڵֽ֮ǿҲǸеľѣ̸ֽռһʽȷɱǷԼҲ˵ľûпƤĲܣѪ۱鲼ҲصһΡ
Ͳһ㣬аľ򣬻׶༪أⰵľǾĺܣûƶҲܹת磬ǳǰأ˲ͷϸܵĺ飬µ
ϵʹѾǿЧֹѪ򵥵Ĵһ£ֻ֮ǰʧѪҺ٣е㲻ֻ֧ܷŲ»ص·ȥ
Ȼ԰ҫʵģǣ֮ǰֽǧǧƻҪֽ֮ϣҲɲġ
ҫ磡ӦãܹӦİɣǸŮȥǿأ뵽ڰҫǱߵսѾﵽʲô̶ȣ
ҫڵϴŴ¶ǻƽľ׳⣬½۲ϣ˿ȻҲ൱Ǳ
ǧ磬۵ľŵɫ漴ʧȥɣصķһĿģëȻѪֱ͸ţֻܿʣ֮һ࣬ĹѪ⣬ȥˡ
˵޽ɽҲǾãǳ뻯֮ĴҲǱɣվ֮ҲΪ˵ˡ
ǻЦأҫɭһЦǰǧ磬žޱȵı飬ֱͦͦĵȥ
˵ǰҫǧǺƿһԻýâݺɣܾ˽âĽʸ˲䱻˺ãҺðҫ㹻ǿ˫ۺᵵǰʯȫǿֲʽֱӷ
ȻҫҲᱻâˣҲ˵Ĳ˿ںǳƤ⣬ǿȥܹһ㣬ʵû̫ܵ˺
ҫһ΢ͣ˫һһӣ·ҪǰĽâ˺һ㣬ǻľ׳һ磬ܵĽâݺݵѸͣĿ񱩣ҫԭݣͽֱ뺷֮
ǧüһӭľ磬ȻĽâѹ˻ҫľֲ֮ʵľѡΪŵĽɱʹŮеĵһˣȻᱻŵ
ǧ˫Ŀһһšậƾݷֽ֣ƻڰҫߣͬʱĺ⣬תͲһ㣬ۻңͷĿѣ
ǧ佣룡
ۿ뽣̵ķʸҫȻһЦͨ˿Ľƣ类ԵͷתҲ֪ôġ
ʱİҫƺץ˻ñɭǧ佣İڣҲǧʩչʶ֮ǰԻýȫΪ
۾ƯҫǧЦһҫƺڵϷǧ磬ʵϣ仰ȴǧһֺǺȻɫ
ҫһﻰ£Ȼ˫ۣľٶȴǧ磬亹֮󣬺ǹ졣
ҫȻ۲ӣǳ˵ĸйжɴڣֵǣҫ˫֮֮ǰʶҵĸоٳ֣ɼΪ
ȺƳһ˦ȳ磬籼ףȾ֮ǿݺݵĹһǿ磬ϯܽ̽ƣҫ㼫׼ƺǰԻõĽƣ첻һ˿һӰ죬ÿһŶֱƵȥ׾ٵĽ⽣ƹơ
Ⱦƥǧ缴ʵҲȻֵסĳ֮࣬ѪǷݣ֮һĶŰҫš
СӿʶҵֶΣȥ鷳Ľ
ñɭڹԿͨĳֶһ˵ʶϾӨǧ佣ʩչʶԽɼαӡ
һã˵ʶܵĸţ˸޷ֱ潣ƶԼӦķ빥϶վﲻǧһɱ
ȻܹñɭķֶΣž湦᲻ƣΪ֪ʶԴͷڣзô湦Ҳûôˡ
Ϊñɭʧȥԣ湦Ҳ͸ͨĶڹķ϶٣Ҫ磬ÿһڹķԼصԣñɭԻһãôкΪ
ǧ緢ʶֶΣҫ˵ǰ㣬ÿιʱһ˫Ŀᱬ⣬Ҳǧ级ȻԭԼֶαҫʶˣôԼǧ佣Ҳˡ
ҫȻһЦ˫Ŀûһ˿ǰһ̤ƽһ죬˻ΪһӰ·һֱڵһֱǧȥ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬱Գ嵽ǧǰһ룬˫ȭǹƵģÿһȭľԽһС¥ƽ׺ȭ·Ҫѿռһ㣬òˣƵǧ֧׾Ǳ쳣
ǧ类ȭĲϵˣҫҲ׷ʹ򣬵Ʋˣǧ粻һˣȥ˵սƽ·һݵ㡣
ǧĺܣսҪǻԼⷽĵһݵ㣬Ųӣͻᱻҫ̤ƽƣԼҪҲסҫӲƴһֻɱ¾ƻĻðҫûޡ
Ȳ˵ʵϵĸߵͣٶһ˵ǧϻҪ΢ѷɫҫ֣һֻҪҫȺ֮УɵƻԲɹ
ǧǰɣȷҪȥӦò뿴ͽֲݵһĻɣҫȭ£ƺòˣһ׷ǧ磬һȻЦ
ǧһҧ쳣ŭȵ㳢ͷ㻹Լ޵ˣھն㣡
ǧ罣һתһ٣ӿȫ֮壬ܶʱһƬ߲֮ɫòʵռ䶼ŤԻǧӰȻʧڰҫǰ׵׵ʧΡ
ҫüͷ壬һ˲䣬еԼ֮Уȫǲű߼оʶȫûǲʵڣ˾ʧص״̬ʮֵĲ졣
ҫʶ˫ۣⲻһһ֮˲ԼĴ˲ޱȣǰһƬ߲룬ŤͣĿռ䣬ҫ˲ʧȫ֪ȥʲô
һӣҫǳһоǾʹƤѪɽԵޱȣǧһ֣߲֮УеľӨѾ׼ҫ࣬ݺݵĴ¡
ǧ佣ռһʽԺ磬ǧɱ
һΣУҫǧһ֮ʣǻǰӨüޣѾദһֵľ룬ҫ˫Ŀһɣǽڱһϸ΢žعǾȻǳ֣Ӳ뽣һ롣
ǧˣڹλãֶΣʵƽһʱȻסˡ
ؿҫǱųһ亹Σʱ̣Լķ˶͹ǹǽڼλȻԼпǧϡ
ʯ֮䣬ҫһץסȭ˳ƴڽ֮ϣηĿֲ˲䱬Өϣͬʱץסǧսǧ࣬ʣĶ߶Ͻֱǧؿڶȥ
ǧµ̧۽ֱָ̰ҫüģҫΣңȭͬǶηǧֱۺ䱩һȭһ侧ӨϽĽϽڵһ䴩ǧأǰ룬
ҫϯضɭһЦ˵һ䣺ǻЦأ
ǰǧ磬žޱȵı飬ֱͦͦĵȥ


һʮ 񶼵ľƣսԲ
սָӲУһаٶƽ׵ĴڣŶʮŮΧһųλԣмҶѺõĽ˶һ࣬߷߲ƽı顣
սеܶӳĶʮ֧飬ֻжʮܶӳĵһĹžսһЩ񶼵ľӢǣ˼صĴ
ֳ쳣ĳƣιһʵǰδǿĹƣ൱ѹÿ˶üͷĬĬĳ̣Ůʱʱ̾Ϣľʵǲֹۡ
ڻλһ֮ɫ쳣࣬˫ָʮƺ˼ʲôûжǰ˵ۣκε
Ϊνսսӵָӣ㵹øⰡţǱҪжǣֱߵĵһˣҲսӵᣬȻ˵
ȫֹͣ˽̸ˢˢĿڵĲ𣬶΢΢̾Ϣһڵ˵˵ڵľƣ
ƺܲãʮ֧սӣ֧׻һ˲ʣһ֧սӢʣǣҲУ޸⣬иȫ֧ıƣʣ֧жӣһһԱ
ʮǰϵͳԼʾˣ··һݵѱƣԷֻһǧʿǵľݵ㣬ȥ֧Ԯ֧սӣǻ˵УʵǿĿֲ
ھ·ʮҲ֪ʲôʱսˣʲô뷨ͳڲɣԵĳϼ
Ҳ˵·ôü⣬˵
˻Ļȥ֧ԮİҫԼ֧սӣɹĵ˶Էʿɱ˾ųϵĹͬʱһˣԼɹ˹һ·һݵǿԱǣϼһ˿΢Цģڵ
ڳˣȫһҲѵõĳһϲ֮ɫ·ʧ£ϼϢѾǿսõһϢˣһǵѹʵ̫ˣѵõһݱǿĵá
˵˵ҫ˵սɣ΢΢һЦʵ
ڳĶʮˣа¶һֲͷı飬ΣûĲ𣬻ֻԼʲôĳɼҲꡣ
ʣİᡢϼҲû̫棬еǰݼڣҫǽֵܣһ¶ԷҲ޿ɺǣҰҫǵĹϵҲǼãȻ̫ƽϡ
Ǹû˵Ҹո˵ȫǰҫһ˵սУҸո˵ˣǰյһµϢǹһ֧սӴһеˣѾҫɱϼһζЦݣڵǵ˵ͷЦݸ
һڳ˽ǻȻĳЩΪԼˣϽóƽ壬ȡ˻ļػ棬кʵ
Щ˱ӵţʵʵڵļ¼ˣҫεֱ룬˴ͬʱɱһ
ȻǱʦֿԵߣǶιֻ¼ˣҫ֣ٱҫһϥײɣ˻ʧȥ˻档
ǱԵˣϾǧµǶܣԵɲһЩ޹ص֪̫ࡣ
ֳرͶŵǽϺĿ˰ҫľֳ֮ٴλȻһƬЩҫϵõģ˽һİȻ֮ɫڶ˵ֵܣϹǵĹ˰ɣ
ʣµЩˣȫҫչֳʵ𾪵еԴ£Ȼ֮ǰλսУ󲿷˶Ѿ԰ҫʵһǾǺǿҲֻǸʵǿѣһֻȣԶ
սǲڸӢģ˵ʵ޷ȵģһ˵ʵôǿҲԵвһֻӡ
ɰҫչֳʵֱǺݺݵļ̤˵Ѿٹ̵ͬʱҲһӣǸʵǿ뷨ȵķ飬ǲǺǿ̫ǿǿе㲻
һĿƥһֻôǰûǼˣ˾ǰҫ
ǣôͷ΢΢ҡͷЦֹر˼ͶӰˡ
ʱˣٴչ˼ҶѺõĽ֮ǰҪңҪѺã̸۵Ķڰҫһϡ
˵μҪɰҫӺɨսһǾľͿҫһȥŤת棬еûӣзԡ
˫۵쳣ңӣߵӣšͷ䳰ȷմԭȵĳأ쳣֡
ҾÿðҫΪһͻƿڣ˵Чأ˵ֱߵĵһˣսŽܡ
ЦȻȥƣﻰֱӵее֮飬Ȼ˵Լ뷨Ҳǲıϡ
ʵͦǿģǾһƥһ֧ӵʵǶս˵Ҳ̫ðɣŽߵսϹԴֲм֮⣬Ц
Ϲ͸ҫм϶ҫкܲζȻֱӱԵˣûпһۣһԴƲһԡ
ûУ˵Ļô˵ɣ棬˵ٴα죬ֳ˲üΪ
ô˵һ½սԲȣҪ
Сʱʮսܶӳ˵Ц߳˻ңչջЦı飬ƺսԲ൱⣬ǶһڻУû뿪
һڣóһ̣ȼ֮󣬿컨壬ԺһһģԼսԡ
СӣԽԽѧˣ̶ѧҫվڻҵſڣбڷϣЦ
˺ܾˣ֮ǰʵǱǷе㴭ڷһ£Ǹ߸𣬽ȼһͷϨ
ʲôʱ򵽵ģҵսԼƻ㶼ˣҫ֣ʵ
ҫ΢΢һЦ߽˻ңֵ£˫ͷ˫ŰϣڻصǽսԲʱѾˣ㣬һֱûнҵ
ÿôʵ
ÿôҫ΢Цʵ
һһɣֻǣ˵൱ΣգȷҪʵҵļƻԸ⣬һбüƻȻʤʲߣûôΣգ̾ϢһҡҡͷĿҫ˵
Ͻԣ˵ȥˣջأսָӵŶİɣָӣǱ֤񣡡ҫЦ
СӣûΣˣÿѧԺЩѾˣʱոպãûȥúװһ°ɣЩҶǽҪԵľ棬ҲǷĲ١֮󣬴ӽһľеݸҫ
ҫӹ˵ͷתȥ֮ʱͷҲص˵һ˵ǰͷҪǳʲôĻһҪ֪ͨңʲôսԼƻʲôսӮȲİΣҪô
߶߶ȥװɣҴӦ㣬ߵľƱ᧿Σһһʱ֪ͨ㣬ȥĸ巢ģ˰ɣ
ղһЦֵܼ꣬ʵ˵̫ġ


һʮ ʥ£
ǸҫãѾҪ󣬽ñ侧װˣܹ׼ϵͳԶλϵͳԼ˼дϵͳ׼˹Ѿùˣװپ߱ĳ˸豸ʱ״̬
װͨܽгܣ̫Ҳԣ㱾ԷǳϣͨӽгܣװԴﵽĽжߵķĽ׳ζߵĹ
ϱǸĻñ侧װˣԶװʲôط⣬ʱҽ޸ģҺΪ񡣡
󣬶ڱ˹ȥЩòΪٴߵǸ⣬ǰӣ˲С˹ԭһΣ汣֤ٷΪЧ
һУҫľľͶӰԷǫ̬ȣֱҫһ㣬Ļ񵱳ֺ
Ҳɲ治ǫܻ֮Żǳ˰ҫ飬Ļ类һĳɷɻˣĻϹQķݡ
οҫĿɽԪףϲĻٸҶ԰ҫʹʲôӰڰҫҪָһֻ˵ǹҲѼ
˵ûĻţҲǻţֻϧܻóãʲôûˣ̸ƨᡣ
ҫƲƲ죬滹ʮʮǽͷݣı߷ıߵĵĳۣͶӰرմľС
ľһϸСϸĺɫ̹Լһѩ޻Ůʽۣǻñ侧װװãۡ
СӻģѾͷĻҲ͹ˣ߱У׼ֵͦҫ΢΢һЦ
ҫ֮ϣɫͨ죬ʽҲͨɫı棬ûκεͼƴڣȥЩ̯Ҳûʲô̫
ñ侧װϵͳʽʹݼСϣʹսӸٰҫл֤֤ɹκûеõҫٵĿͷ֤£ʹװװԻٳ򣬻ӭʹãҫ٣һŮԵĵӺϳڰҫԺУҲһθ˹ܵĽӴԵú档
Ҳ˵װԺֻһʹÿҫ˫ۣ΢Ц˵
ǵģϵͳѾĻֻ׿ڳϵ£˲ſʹãĻϵͳʹΪֶ󣬽װڣԱӺϳԶص
ҫ˵ͷٴʵôԺôƺأ
񶼿ѧԺ˹ܣPG12138ûҫٿԶҽ
ðɣͽУˣ
˹ܣ߳Ϊ񣡡
ôԺҪָˣ
ҫ٣Ǹ˹ܣֻĽ飬̵߱
ֻһ

ҫ˹ܳϸĽ̸һ£װеĹȫ£߰˰˵ĹȲ˵¸װһιװϵͳսװҪϺüΡ
Ǳʹﵽн׵ĳ̶ȣĽжߣҫ񹦵Ļأҫ;˷ĪԺиոװ뷨ϵһǺһ
֮ξƬֻգ֮ԸȫͨƬԵƴӣͺһûǵǽڰҫƤϣҰҫȻǸоװĴڣһ㴥жûУƬҲ͸ģ˿ȥƺûκεı仯
ҫֽţûκε뽩ӲУȥ͸ûһҫ൱⣬ֻǣҫԺֳһ⣬ͻҪͨһ¡
Ըıһװʽô㻨Ҳ̫ˡҫ뵽
ԣֻҪڽװʽɫ״дŵĹ˼һк䣬ѡװо󻯣ص
ҫ˵ͷһ˼ģʱüʱ΢Цȥһ񾭲ߣӺ󣬰ҫǽԼŹֵľٶ˫ۣ¹滮ʽװ
ۣˣҫǳŵ̾һ˫ٴαʮ״â䡣
ɵװʽһַǳſУ쳤ۣҫһװ˿߳еĸߴֱͦϵľ׳Ⱪ¶⣬Եñ뺷ʮ㡣
˫ְָȫףһֱǵС۵֮˫ֱϵȭָؽڴŰ˿΢΢͹񣬴˳ȭʱ˺ѹ
˫íͲѥ棬װɫΪɫɫĺɫɫƻƳһͼƣɫƹճһڳģ
ʽϰҫǿ˵ԵøӵӢ䲻ֱſᵽЩƽһ·ߣַҪԾûĸо
ҿ¶װŶҫͷԼȫµװʽ˷ܵĲС
ԣҪоٳ֣ѡô
ûʥô
ףɹ
ʥ£ҫ߹պ֮նսľʥ£һ̵ҫӵ绢ϯأ磬ǹ磬˲֪˲ʥµͷŰҫ£׹
žણһ죡ĿɿڴĿʥµİҫ˫еľϲȡ˷ȫռĴԣſӣС죬ûӣǱҫݺݵľˡ
˵ҫһЦۣڵѾͷɵˣȴϣ֮ٸú˵˵ʥж˲𣬹
ҫЦĿ˷ܣһ仰ûҭҫ磬ô仨ƿ

ʮӺ󣬹ٴζ·ȡ˼ҵĹƣÿһ·ǧʿ·ݵпʹ򣬴һ֮⡣ǣܹʮսܶӳԼǵиǼսָӲĹ㳡֮ϡ
˼ϣھ͵Ȱҫĳ֣һˮҪԶ˽дߴٵʱ򣬰ҫ֣˵ǰ˶Ǵ󾪵ʧɫĿɿڴȫɵˡ
ҲɵˣﻹûüµĿȪˮѹˮǹһָŰҫƿڴȥģȥսƴģװģҪսȥμᰡ
Ҳѹеʧ̬Ҳѹ˻ҫװҪըĸоһʥµİҫ񿡣ʲһ۵ɣʫ续ɲŮòʼѣĲҪսľ
ҫ˶ü⣬һŭһۣνʼ磬ڵ㲻ӮⳡսǴʲôսƨ£˵Ľʺˣ
ЦԼҲһͷе൱⣬ȥϼȥˣǺݺݵҧҧӲļһ仰ʰ㣡
ҫƲƲ죬һӾˣ㰮ôôɣУƲͣĸؿڣѹ»˴һӿս֮ϡ
񶼵ķս졣


һʮ װ
ʱսϵ״򵽶༤ҵĳ̶ȣ˫ȫɱۣȻս˵һǱѹŴ·һݵ㱻ƣֱѹϵڶݵ㣬ѾǱٳ¡
ҲˣһʿѪȫ˳ƾžݵϵͳԹչ˷ѹ˫ֱ
һĽս쳣ң˵սеӣѾһϵıȽϡ
һʧأʮ򣬹һʧҲѾﵽ֮֮࣬һڰҫϣ⻹ǽսսĵһ죬һĽս֮ھֳܷʤҲõȵˡ
һ·һݵ㣬ӭ˹ǧʿ͹ǰָӵħŵһʥڵĸ֡
һȷ֣ҲСбأȷֽʯУṦһһ쵼㣬ż·Ķ
ιƾֵıһ˺üĶ෽ϣȻ񶼽һܱģĲ룬ʵܺϣѹһͷ
ưƽСʰˣǶǹ˵Ҳɴ࣬ݹ͡һ˿Ц뵽ֻҪԼʾĵһݵ㣬ôôֻҪܻнǿ֣Ȼٻ¡
Ȼص뷨ǺõģκʵԶҪҪпĶ࣬սϣʵǼܼ򵥵飬ðҫ˵ɣѾһ֪
ҫһ򣬴ʥ֣öԷһˣǧµĿֱɮǻˣսҪ˲ΪҲѽ
Ȼǽڸǿʵϣʵ꣬ӲҪΪǣôȫʬҲͬҲһܼ򵥵顣
˵ʱ˿̵ıأڻԼŹһݵ㣬ֱĴӪΪһ콻ս󹥳ǡ
ֻİѾͷˣҲֹܿڴˣΪͷϣһɫӰڴһݵĳ¥ϣֱ£Ŀˡ
Ӱֱ£ǿҵĺХݺݵĳڵ֮ϣһը죬ɳʯ֮ǿķǧʿ죬һǿϯܣΧȺһòǱӰװİҫ
ҫ԰֮ˣ̧ͷǰʥӭĵƿƥһ򵱹Ī֮⣬һ˫ԼҪĿꡣ
ͻȻһӰԼǿϢڰҫУеһ֮ɱԾʿǵʿȻмӰ죬ҫҪﵽЧеıǲò
ǲԶıأڰҫʱµĲڡԻ˵İҫû̫ϡ
뷨УΪҫǴ˴Χˣǿȡʤڰҫһɱ¾ɱưƽ񣬻˿ǵ˵ǱʶĹԶﴫʰˡ
νΪۼΪʵ֮ԻӰҫΪûֱҫ񣬰ҫԶǰҫǹѹȸļ¸У˵ˣԶʮ׶еѡ
һ̵ıĻʲôӵԺһӵ뷨ΪоԼٲӣôһͲˣΪǲܵġ
˻δ֣ҫѾȡ˾Եѹƣôص³ҲͲϸ˵ˣδսӣȻɡ
ӴأϣܱǸʲôưƽҪǿĻȥˣҫǸ߸ɭЦݣӥŵñĴһ
˵ʱʱ죬ǧʿǸʲôҲûʲôݴˣ¥һؾǲԼͬĳͬһ뷨ǾǣΪʲôҫÿζ֣أ
ûٴֻ꣬ǧʿصһ˲䣬ҫֶˡ
һ̤棬һ𣬰ҫ˾һöڵǿ׺ķѹԼǰе·ȫɣֱ山ضȥ
ڰҫգ۲ٶ£һӶѳĿɿڴıǰһֻץס˱صĲӣ
ҫɭЦݣڱص͵ķŴͬʱɭĻıػëը𣺡ķӦ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ңҡѾŵ˵һĻ
ҫűصĲӣֽڰգһһɣҫͣˣܵĹʿҲǻֻǵǻ֮ȫ˹ƵģɧҲͣ
ǰҫǸɱҫǻģӣӣǶģ
һʿȫƴԼһľݵ㣬һӣһйԼľ֣Ļʲôʥ֣еڣֻ
ϻֻһ˾ɱʿ˶ģһʿٶҲӱߣҧ˵
һΪǴſˣû뵽ʵոγʥ۷ĸ֣δڲӣɱ𣡡ӱɲֹʿһʿڰҫûʱƺͬ뷨
ԣӻȥɱֱӳ嵽ݵģʵݵ¥ĹͽֲҶţӱ˵
ǿӦҲɣǧµĿǴʦԼʮ޺أӦùİɣӱһĻص
ǿ˵׼֮ǰǴʦһˣټ޺õʮ޺ҲδӶʤ㣬ҾǸڶݵҼԮӱһ˵
԰˵ҫҲǽʿô񶼳սѵѱ˲ɣӱŵ
񶼣Ѻǿƴ񶼳սΪҰֲڲЩʱҪӱĳĳĳĵҫ
ҵʲôʱôˣУ̫ɱҫҫޱȺյΧӾʿǵдʡ
Լζ֣ȻˣҲͰٶ˶ѣһζʱʮôЩʿһԼ¶һֺ󣬱ȼ˹ңԸӱҲԼ潻սðҫʮֵơ
ǧ׵ӱҫҲ׷ɱͷȻԼɱ¾ϣҲԼһɱ˿ħ˭ɱ˭ɱ¾ֻɱɱ֮ˣҲǰҫԭ֮һ
ֻǰҫ벻ǣԭɱأҲܸõֻҪԼ¶棬¶־ˣʵǰҫ֪Լĵײʿ˶Ӱһɱ¾ʿžͺˣ͸ҫ֮ǰˡ
ԭɱһһǧʿģû뵽һˣڲͣĵɱǲɱأҫڲͣĵıأһʱ䷸ˡ
رûģվһһӦǷֻǵþʮɹԼǿȷȴûж԰ҫһ˿һʱйˣͬҫһ飬һصѪ󣬱ˡ
ˣҫԴʵ
ףҫֻҪֻҪĹĹһСԸһУֻҪӵеһжԸ㣬ֻҪ
ֻҪƨҫ˶Ӽ⣬Ť˱صĲӣƵģʬ嶪һԡ
ŲϱӵĹǣҫŤŤӣЦСӣһ˴ͨ·ֱľݵӪΪֹҲ̫˰ɣҲ޷ӦͦսԵģ


һʮ ر񶼷ս
·ҫǿѹһֱɱǧˣѵĪ֮£ֻС¶֣ŵùһʣǧʿףͷܣԼݵȥ
ͬʱҫ׾ٵıɱ˵зأʱԽһбһʱ·ؾڰҫ磬Ѿʼ׼ѹϣ·һݵ㡣
·ս¸߽ݣҫһԿƥǧȻҪģ·
΢Цų¥֮£·ǧʿڶԺʵĳ¥пʹһͻڲͣײųǽÿһκ¥ͣ
ǲǺô񣬳¥ôһʱҲ䲻ݵĿռ֣ҲΪֹΨһռƵĵطǾǿķ
ڹͿƼﱻĻﳹѹ֮񶼵ķƼûʧǸ߷ۿռ֡
ǹӵľͻҲһʱڹƣ֮ǰҪֽǧϴǿҲôĹ·ĵһݵ㣬֮ǿίʵޱȡ
ôѵ¶ôǰһѯʵ
ڵս˵㻹ʲôõİ취ôϴصҲüҡͷ
ôʼɣѹôãҲ̵ù˰ɣúõķйȥɣתΣǸ߸𣬶ʮһսܶӳԼǵĸ˵
ֻʮһսӵܶӳ븱٣ֳӲʮˣеĶʿСӳжӳûмᣬƺ֮ǰսԲ찲ŵģֹŹֵݣҲûʲô˵ǡ
ȻûжʿĴڣǴʱˣһĶսˣĴսӵᡢϹŽܡ
սӵĳϽã٣սӵܶӳХ֣Լ٣лһСŮǴ󲡳ӢսܶӳԼʵǿĶսܶӳ
ÿսӵܶӳǵʵֲǰÿģ֧ľȻԹһʧοϻѹΪǿĵơ
ߵݵĹ㳡ϵһͲֿǰֿ߽ʮףʮףҲ֪ʲô˽һ˷Ī
Ҫõⶫˣ֮ǰһֱģʻһμʻս˷֮ܰǰһǵᣬʱѾһϲı飬ߵʮһҲ˱飬ͷʾͬ⡣
ɲô΢΢һЦһϵƽ壬ǰĲֿĴŻ
ֿ֮ڰڷ̬죬ȫɽṹƳɵȻжϵ˷֮ɫ󲽣ЩȻȥ
ݵ£ںͣЪķ񹥻һͻͣĺŷ֣ۿѾʼԽԽǵʿ˼֣Ҳ
ɾڴʱ˶һǿҵĺͷͻȻݵĵϳһƬӰʿǸеǺ棬̧ͷһ˲䱻Ųҡ
һȫṹλף׹£ȻһܵĵùͬǱĻһͬȳ࣬͸͸ġ
һߴʮףȭվˣȫɫλ׳ǰߴĽǣñ̴Ѱִ֫·СɽСĻеף·ٵصľһ㣬˴һ޷ƥеĸо
ͻ˫ȭһԺ䣬ڣǰϰʿǾ޴ȭͷݺһңһͷǴҳм֮Թչɱ¾
ԾͻͶԱȣ߾վһǰ󣬹ܶһ󣬶ܲ˲٣ͻڣսӵܶӳХ֣ȵļŻףǰĹչɱ¾
ͻǰЩʥľʿӸտʼĻ磬ʱèͻ¾Ŀ޵ͻХֵרݣɡ
ɻףίʵǿޱȣסԷһ֮㶯־ܽ飬˺ʽھͻ׵ϣǲʹһĺۼû£Ʋ˫սĺƺ蹵һ㣬ɲȡ
Ѿ޷ֿͻ׵ĺɨһʱսϵľƼһ浹ľǱͻ׺ݺѹ
ȻͣƶĺܣŴ˵࣬תĶԻΪʿǵجΡ
ۼɻ״ɱ¾ɱǧ֮ʣĺԾʧĹӵĺȻ
ʮһСһ̬Ļеףž춯֮ƣ׹ս֮ϣεġ͵ġ͵ÿһȥܲǣ͵ը˵ǿ
Сĸ˵Ͳ࣬ʮ׿⣬Ȼ֮󣬹ľʿ˲еͷÿһ׵ļʻԱʮսӵܶӳ
еСӸһ̶ǰĹʿǣϣױȵѹȣеСӣǰľʿչ˼ҵĵɱ¾ɾǱӴܡ
⻹û꣬սϳʮе֮󣬳¥֮ϣʮսװ׵ĸ٣ֱ³¥ս֣Թľǣչ׷
ʻһߴʮ׿ľͻ룬ǳ׿һɨһƬеľʿ޲Ǳնϣ״ļҡ
ʿǲǲҲϵĻֽͬһʻŻɱѪأһƬȺ֮ɫ
ոյõϢ·ľѾҫס˹һĵһݵ㣬ʵ˵Ӧò˶þ¡ļʻڣϼ
˵ͷڵô߾һֱѹϺˣ·ĵһݵǿսѾҫɱˣ֪ûбʲôǿԮ̫֮ɽǰһҪһݵ㹥ƣ
˵л׵ͨѶ豸˶ʾף·ĹǧʿѾɢʮͻ״Ŷʮ٣Լԭפصڶݵһǧʿһǰ֮ƣĵһݵ㡣
ȥ࣬ЩǿľͻףϵĲ࣬ƱػᷴһԹԳܵʧ
һʮ֧սӵĶʿȥˣǶ·ʮ֧սӣܹһʿͬСӳжӳ
һ۵̤Уٿӣӳ¥£¥µľʿǶˣǸգߣֳǧʿȫɵˣеİĽ֮ȽȽĻڶݵ㣬ſˡ
ֻǵͣ٣ȴӭսӳˮķ񹥻ɫսװ׵Ķʿǣ糱ˮӿƺòˡ
ǧʿȻɢﶼȥ֧ʮ֧սӼ϶ɵϴ绢֮ʦ
Ѿ·һ˵ȫ˶ʿǵԣж飬Ƽͣ˹ֱԷĵһݵȥȫûͣЪٵĴ㡣
·ѹȻƲɵⳡսеĴأ߶ţһȵĳסǰƮȥ
񶼵ķսʽƿĻ


һʮ ̤ǽǳ¥ʮ޺裡
ռս·һĵһݵ㣬¥֮һƬפؾʿüͷų²ӿľʿǣЩפؾʿкǲмǰȺӱʵǶ˹һ档
ȻҲʶ˰ҫǿôܵٶҲȳµЩһݵ֮ˣǿǣŷŵĴȱҲ̫ΪЩӱ
ΪǶģԵĸ˵൱͸Ա֣֮ѹȣмܹٲȻ壬Щʿ֮٣Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
ȻϲҲǲֻǴȱΪȥЩûѣ䱾սսϵİգҲǲˣǾķˣսս֮
ʦ֣ǰȥǵǧʿܹӻضǧʮˣһʮˣһٶʮˣѾȫٺˣһɮˣڿǵ󣬿˵
ţˣʦܣڻҪͷȥפصľʿ׼һ£һս٣ͬʱʦ׼ɣǾȫǰҫһ裡ǵ˵ͷĻص
ʦ֣λҫʩ˵֣޺õʮ޺кϻӦܹ°ɣ΢˵
΢΢һЦҡҡͷڻص˵ҵΪûбӡȻҵĶ֣ľΪֻʥ۷ѣֹܸоõʥ֮ڣ޵аĴڡ
Ȼʵ֪ҵֽħӡܸ϶أܶԿǵ˵ŲɣֻȣܵĺսԸҪȿǿҵĶࡣ
ʦܣöΪˣɱ¾ĺãöԷܵӰ죬ʦܣһЩģһЩǿڵΪͣһ㶼ûֻܵ˼
ʦ֣ѵǣʦܽˣҲóϷûаֵĲ֮Уڻص
ˣʱȣʦܿȥ׼ɣܵ˵ͷƲ뿪ʱǰһɫӰų¥۶
˫Ŀһ˫ͫeַӡէ֣ĿȻܹ˱ʥµİҫֻǰҫһͷĺġ
ҫǸɱǸһ׷ˣÿҽȥҲ
ʲôӵͲټĻðҫ֣ȳ㣡
˭ȥһ裬ȡһ½ǵʱ䰡ٶȣ߲ˣ
ʲôǧµڶڴˣȻȣǲҪţǴʦܴʦȡʱģ
ǿų¥¾ʧľʿǣ̾ϢҡͷаʿûнУǰҫĳ֣ȴŵƨ˭һǣȴԽĻ
ʦ֣ʦܿɷ񡣡ܿ˿Ƿɱİҫһֹģ
ֹĲȣҪֹ֮ҲֻһˣҲգʹҳ֣һ裬Ҳܾʿǵʿڱģǿ˻һۣڵ
лʦֳȫʦܸмʦַģʦҲֻ°ҫѣǵ㵽ֹѡܵлһżһ㣬ӳ¥ϼֱܶҫȥ
̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷܴ̫ܵˣЩûԼʦܾԼ͵Ҫҫһ
ʦܰ㲻Ҫ㵽ֹģǰʩϣ鰡Ƕһ૵
ʦ壡
ڻܴܳһ룬ʮ׳ɮˣڿǵ󣬴ӱ˵ǻҪһеǳ򣬷˸ע㣬ԻֺսԸҲڿǰΨΨŵŵˡ
׼ãʦһУ̳֣ǵ˵ͷ˵
ǣʦ壡ʮɮ˵Ϊһˣ˵ͷսһԣǼҫĻܡ
ҫʩԽҷݵֹһȣ֮ףݣըڰ֮С
ùǧµɮˣ֪ʦźҫͷһۼƲͬһȣ֮ǿǹ˻ܵı
ƶɮŻܣǧ»ֱɮͽҫʩָһһȣ˵ٶȿޱȣ˴˶ǰȥգ֮˵ľѲ׵ľ롣
һԾ˫ֽӡ±һҵĽ⣬ӿת˫ƺʮۣһֳ߽˫֮䣬Űҫͷ­ݺ£񱩵ľϯܣҪһƤ쳣ƥ
ֽħӡҫӡ
棡ǰѳ˫۹߿ӶȵļޣѾɹιԴ۽ʥѽԴԶڳɿӹԴڰҫԺУҫʶһ㶣漴ϲͷ
˹ܳǷĺܣҫӡǿˣ䲻⣬Խ䲻ʱֻҪһл϶ռһϷ硣
ɾʥµԶڣҫ˫۲ٱ̼ǰһпȫûܵӰ졣
˵ʱʱ죬ڻʥµı£ҫǿ⣬ȫΪȻһЦȭ˳ֱϣȭ籩ƥǿ׺ȭȻֱһȭ˻ܵķͬʱɳϰ֮Զ
֮ľ֮ɫԼȳУҫһȭƽɣ˫Ѫķݣʵеš
ҫڻصһ˲䣬ǰֱ̤ٶȿզ࣬˻ΪһӰֱܶȥϰ׵ľ벻һգ۵Ĺ򣬱ǰ
ܴʦҫˣʱҪݵ㣬ʦúýһڣʦ·ҫһﻰ£ȭһӣѸײڶ֮ƣɨܵͷ­ܵķӦҲ̧ӲֱϴһĵʹѵڶУֱӱҫһȭɨɡ
ǳ¥µľʿǶˣԭܵĳ쳣İݣΪôҲϰҫһʱᡣ
û뵽ǣֻȭѣܾϰҫʮӵʱ䶼ѱ俪һߣ˲Сƣҫܵļƣʵŵǲᡣ
ΪҫȺ֮УٴһȷѪ֮ʱ˭֪ҫһۣյ¥֮±̧źݺݵ̤ǽ֮Ͻ˺ƳĻֱϡ
ҫڶŽʱѾнʮҵľ룬ʮ׸߶ȵĳ¥ڰҫǰͬ裬ҪǶȫ׾٣ִ̤ܵ
ɾڰҫһŸոսӴǽ֮ʱʮӰϷ䣬ʮ񱩵ͬʱ׼ҫÿһǸƥ׺Ҫҫѹصơ
ҫ̧ͷһӭʮɮˣƲ̤ǽƽأṦ߾ڣҲʥڣûһʡ͵ĵơ
ʩҵǧ޺ãʮ޺Զٱʤ֮䣬κְڣòҵȣˡ
ʦԲӣǰҫ˲ǣ
һʮ޺üѣǾðҫĻ˵еˣʮ˵͵˫ʧһ˲䣬Ȼڰҫ֮ϣһըɳʯ
ҫǸ߸ǣ¥ϵĿ̾Ϣҡͷѹ


һʮ ǵĵڶμ棡
ҫǽǽĽ͵һֱǶǽǽ֮ڣɻɵǽ棬ڰҫĽ£񶹸һֱǽ֮ϡ
ͬʱʮ˵͵Լϣʥǿķҫıȥըòˣʮ˵ȴҫһͷû˵ֱͬ衣
ʮ޺ڵ棬ǿǿԵֿվڳǽ֮ϣַֻжĿƣﵽĳ̶Ȳɼʮ޺ʵȷǿĺܡ
ɢȥ֮󣬰ҫûеص棬ɳǰʮ޺𾪵ĲУ˵Ĺѹ°ҫ
ʮ޺Ϊ֮𾪵һ˲䣬ҫǽǽϵĽȻһ壬֮ǰѾɡ
ȻֻаҲǾΰ˺һöƲɵֱͷ񱩵ķѹǰ޺ɮȫһӱ̤ڳ¥֮ϣһȻĿǡ
ǰҫǵĵڶλ棬һΣ˫ݶһ˴Ҳһ˽⡣
ⳡԣ԰ҫǳȶڷѧҲһʶڹķ⹦ʽ˷ҵʮ㡣
ξǶԿǵΪˣҫоǾмӣǷѧǴ£Եõɮĸ֡
ǰҫԭ򣬰ҫ˾ˣƷвˣмһˣƷжŻύǵƷУͲ˵ˣҫͲύʶأ
ڿǣ˵ˣ԰ҫĽĳɾͱضɹʵ˵Լ͵ʱ򣬿ϲϡ
Ҫǣһ˫ۣ˻дҫȻɱ¾ϣܿҫһɱ¾е֮ˣɱʲôˣɱʲô˾ɱɱɱ¾֮ȴ˾ɱٶҲᱻģǿ͵һ㡣
ϧ֮⣬κδʱĸΪҲòվڶ棬˵ĵڶμ棬һսҲǱⲻ˵ġ
ʩʵƺо΢΢һЦ˵
Ǵʦˣֻǽ֮ѣҫ΢Цͷ
ţôһ壬ȷǼѵһı£ǵ˵ͷһơ
Ǵʦ˰ҫյòõһ£񶼵ĿƼҫ΢Цص
ʩд˻ԵҲɷ˰˾δһ㣬˵Ȼɹɣ£ҫҲ¡
ǴʦҫеĿģҲӦʦи㣬ҪŰҫ£ȻȥⷽҫǴʦһҫһ֣˵⡣
ʩ԰ʩǻӦãѲ³ҵĻشɣ̾Ϣҡͷڻص
ǿǴʦҫˣҫһ漴˫Ŀ絶Ʊˣһսˡ
˽̸ӣڰҫҪ֮ʣһҵľ磬ԭǽϱҫɵʮ޺Ѿƣ׷˰ҫĲɽ¥һſ
ҫʩҲ̫ˣҵȽձҪ޹ʮ޺Ϊһˣһףȴ׳ţɮŭĿ֮ǰҫô˵ǵķеᡣ
ʦֱܳǣܼʶʮ޺ĸУҫңҫһЦͷҲص˵
̬ɮӵŭȻһߣһƺąeַӡ˵Ľ⣬ƾ籩죬쫷ϯѹسǾʿ
ɽӡŭ˺죡
ƱƥɰҫȴɲΪɮһƺԼı֮ϣǿƾȻֱӰѰҫɣֱķɽݵڡ
ˣҫ֮ǰǿǶǿģʵĿڶãʮֶ費ȥ·Ȼô׾ٲ㲻ֵıɮɣҲɵӣ̶ֳȵģȻʲôˣ˶ðҫթ
㣬мƣ
ɮͬʱаͬʱҫ޺ǽϣʮ˼׷ҫȥԭɮһưҫǶ㲻ܲˣɮƾֱݵڣʡ˲ٹ
ʩȷǴϻ۹ˣ֪ǲǱȻۣʦֶƾȻʹҲԤϲٶ죬ҫԶ
ͣλʦȥȿǴʦҪܶѽȻǴʦʦֶΪֵĹϵôһƺİҫƺƨ¶ûУٿռ׹֮ʣȻ鿪ǵЦ
ʥǿķԿסڴֵĺɮʥ۷ƾҪ˵ҫǼܵ顣
ʩЦˣƶɮеΪϻشյñʱڣʵƶɮˣһ˿Ц⣬Ȼص
˵ǴʦľΪѹ˲أ֪ʦΪ۷壬ǳ֮ҫЦûֱӻشҫÿɷĵȻһЦ
ҫҲ׷ʣͬ΢ЦʾˣһһʯһݺأȻһ죬汻׹صǿȳһֱʮ׵ӣĳգ˲ʧȥ˰ҫӰ
ǽƻǽҵǵΧǽȥΣʵǹƶˡɮһĿأֻɮһŭݣǱҫòˡ
ʦֶƫˣҵΪʩǶıøԼᣬʵǻǹ˰΢ЦصɮһҲ죬Ͼǣб𣬾ԼôҫҲҸǶ죬Լʦ屲ֱԼҲˣǿֱģҡ
ɮһ˦һ磬ǰĳ̼䱻Ӱ٣ǰһĿĵ⣬ʲôûУҫӰʧˣ
֮ǰ֮ǰ߸֮£ûмҫƬ򣬿ôƾʧˣ档
ҫȷʧˣҲ׼ȷ׼ȷ˵Ӧˣڰҫ׹صһ̣˳һ⣺ʲô취˿ô
еģʥµ״ģѡ񣬷ֱǳۺϹѧԲʷģ飬ùԭ͸ɫģ⻷ɫģ飬ͬΧһɫѡ񣡡ش
аҫоȵԭֻʣû뵽ʥ»⸨
͸ôһؾͻѳ͸ˣʵڣ紵ųᱩ¶ҵҪáǾģɫģɣҫ˲þ
ʥ¶ȻתͬһɫϿҫĻʥֻƻ֮Сۣͷ֫¶⡣
ʵȴǲȻЩ¶ڿеƤıϣʵ͸ǾƬǸǵģԣҫ˶˵ɫſڵǰϸ濴Ҳǰҫʧԭ
˿ҫǱһ˿ˣǾǿǣֻһָָ·ǹһһǿҵƷڰҫǰҫ˫һŵ棬ЦǺǵĿſǡ
ǴʦĿˣҫҫɢȥαװʥ±ԭɫЦ
ʩ֮ȷǾף޼ѰҪǲһأⷽƲȥģ΢΢ҡͷȻЦ
ðɣǴʦȻ˵ףôҫҲֻýλʦܣȥɣ


һʮ 뾪˵ս


޺һεض𣬰ҫĻĴ̼ǵ񾭣Ȼ֮ǰҫС¶һ֣ǵⲢǾԸðҫëͷСԼǰš
ȻȱΪҲôԴƢģ˵ʮ޺Ϊ׵ɮ˵ǰλ޺
޺һ˳ȣȷ缲磬ȾƿϯѸ쳣ٶȿһ˳ȭȭ׶֮ƣǿҵĺХ·ƿնµʯ쳣͡
ҫһӰһߣӭֱ޺ȥ˫Ȼſһһȭֹס
һȦһץסȭ޺ȭϣһǹȭͻ޺Ҹѣûȥȭֱ׻ɼֱۣûҫһȭϣ۵ûȥ
ҫЦһ˫ŵ޺ֳֻ֮ŵأͷ½ϵתҽźݺ˦һͳҫĲֿҪҫһϣ졣
޺죬ڰҫУȴֽȭ޺ɿֳצ˳ƶأצƥץסԷĽףһּȭֱԷؿڣعѵĺܡ
ȷ߾޺Ѫż˵ľ֣ҪǰҫʼץĽףѱҫɳ׿ˡ
øʢ޺ڰҫ߲оͱˣֻһ棬ʧȥսʯ֮ʣһѹϢӡŰҫźƷ֮ǿѹһǳ۳
ҫ΢΢һЦһ˦е޺˦ԷƵ޺üͷ壬ʶջԼͬ飬ɰҫȵľһ̣ڶԷ֮ʱԸ߸ԾٶȿˣԼ˦޺絽Էǰ
˫ȭ̩ɽѹ֮ƣصĺ޺˫֮ϣĹ飬ͬʱ˫һ֣ס޺˫ָһǴ羢ȭͬʱ俪һѪ˹ȥ
ӷ𣡰ʩҲδ̫һɣڰҫ俪޺֮һ˲䣬һڰҫ
ͬʱʮ׺צżĺХͺڰҫ˫磬˫⡢˫ߣԼ̣ٶȿĲ˼飬צǿҫҪ˲ƣֵ޺
ʦ֣ɲأն񣬰ҫԶλʦ飬Ҫ׼֮أϣʦףǲǰҫ֮ǰλʦʬˣ
ҫЦһʮ߱޺צ԰ҫǿֲټϻʥµĳǿǰҫԸ޺סԼ
ҫ˫һգǿƿԷצƣǰ㣬һǳţȾд֮ͺ޺ظ޺üͷһ壬ʮ׿⡣
üһȾţ뺣߳ɻ࣬޺ǿ޺ֹʮ޺ǿһˣҫи̾Լһų˶Լ֮ǰ߹ͱ߶ˣһȴԷж߳ϵľ˺ʵ޵ĺܡ
޺ƽأ³һŰҫ̾ϢһڵʩѵǣСɮ޺ܽˣ
ҫ˵ͷŽ޺΢΢ͷԷԸҫкøж
ʱȥһӣûֻһӣǧ޺õʮ޺ڰҫһˣʵʣʮ޺ľѣԼֵܸľʿǣҲͬ𺧵ĲС
ǧǽеķŵһʥأڸǾͲ˵ˣ޺áĦԺԺħÿһԺҪ룬ҲҪʥڵΪ֮ȱȽǣ̸𷨣ۣ䲢ĳ˫֮
ŷľʿǣȫʼԼһУ޺õʮ޺Ȼ޺аҫһˣôŵ顣
޺ǿǼϿģȱķΪҪﵽһĳ̶ȣҪͨŷɵķѧԣαΪҪﵽʥڣһҪһŲȵʮ֮һ
ҪڷѧͨԺϵͬʱԣӶŷڷϣ޺š˵ӵ޺֮ÿһ޷֮ϿɣҲʲôɮܵõġ
˳ԾǳԾһ㣬ʮ޺սôûУÿһ޺ʵҪľΪ߳һﲻֹʵ߹Ϊǿߡ
ʮֺϻ֮£ǳ񾳸֣ҲһսʤڵĳֽսܣЩսƾʵݵġ
ɴʱ˿ǿʲôǿʮ޺ˣȻֻʧҫ൱Ǵǧµ棬պǧ»᲻ᱨǾͲܴ⣬һĽսķӮҫĴض쳹뽭֮ϡ
Χ۵ľʿô룬һԹսĿǣȿڣߵɮ˵ʦֶȥػｻңн޺ɣ
ɮ˵ͷʮ޺Լ˵޺ܹʮ˷ɱǰǾݵĴǷڵλã¿뽵ʮ޺ѧǿĶˡ
Χʿ뻮һÿһ֮ͨȥ֮󽫰ҫΧܲ͸磬սеǰǿڿഫɱҫ
ν˵Ӱ콻սҫ貵ǣˣڵĲٺڵĺĪǰİҫˣ̶̵ʱҫս˵һΪصͷȴС
һɱ¾һʿȻɱưƽشʥ֣Ȼͬһҫսǣˣʱ롣
ҫɱŽɱʹֽǧеǧԵõ֤ʵǺݺݵһ¹һѾһνսָӵĸ߲Ϊжд̣֮졣
Ҳڰҫ֮ǹƥɱһݵĳڣؾݵǧ޺ʮ޺ͬǡλʦܹʮ֣סҫ
ҫ֣ԿʼĿԺУǿֲʵϵɱ¾һЩС֮˲̫ҿҫĵز
Ȼϳ˰ҫΪȴһڶɻ󣬲Ľ˵Ҳÿ
νΪƶͶһɱ¾Լĵ˾ǶĻôؾûˣҲ֪ǹĽڽʲôر֮ʲôԭִǴϣЩˣųɾϻǿıȽ͸ġ
ҲˣǶ԰ҫİľٶҲֻɻѣʲôۣҲֻǼխ֮˶ѣųɾŵ˶԰ҫĸоǾηǿ־壬
սպһڽҫȻΪһ콾Ȼкñлͬһⷽصƽ
ڰҫ֮ʱҲȻ⵽ĳЩȻĿԣЩؼʵͨĳӰҫΪĸ󻼣ǴпΪǾҪʼˡ


һʮһ ʵһУ
ʮ޺ȥ֮󣬿ٴ˵λʿǣƶɮһۣȫ˳һݵ㣬ϸڶݵϼأҵʩսȽϴ󣬿ܻˣЩȥ꼰㰡
һ˷ǳϵӿݵǳڣЩֲɵʥĽˣһ˾͵ſ˵仰ء
ҫֵȼĸ֣ľжжǿжĺܣԼһ㶼˽ǣһǹǶϽ۵ķݣң罻ܹʵ֮ƥ֮ȥԡ
Ĺֳֻʣҫǣнˣҫ΢΢һ֣ӿ֮ǰĻԼĽ磬̫Ҳμ˽սôǿԸúõˡ
ҪɣҲҪȹһݵУǰˣûеô׶Ըأ
ǾͲ˵ˣһָ仯ˣɸտᣬɽԶжԼҲĺܣĽշħս֮ǿûʥµİҫҲһ߶ѡ
ڽ޺ϿǶ˱Ȼʲôʡ͵ĵơ
޺֮ǰ֣צ񲻿ɵֿ磬˲ϢдᣬǿҿԿ֮ǰֻȫʵ˾Ƕ֮С
۷޺λһֱΪһԣκα̬ɮˣôվһԣ·һ㣬˺ѸоĴڣ˫ĿⰵɼڹΪȻڽǶ˶١
˶һһĶ֣ӹɣǰҫûϻʥµʱӦҪϲСĹӮǱȻӮģӮжҾҪʼˣڹǷ붼ȥģû
ӵ˻ʥµİҫƾͲһˣҫ˵»ǰˣ˶
λʦҲˣаɣҫЦһ˵
һʱ˲Ϊ˭ûȳֵĴ㣬ҫ˵ͷڵȻλʦԸȳ֣ǰҫ͵ˣ
ո£ҫٶȾԱٶȻҪ죬գ۶ʱڣһӰ˲˷޺ǰ£縫Ѹ͸ң޺ͷ­
ҫɣֻð̽̽޺ʵڸĪķ޺ҫпǸСġ
޺ûܣۼҫӭ֮ƣʱ磬һᣬ쳣ҫ۶ĿŰǧп˺ҽʣҫƵ˼֣δԺޱȡ
ʮĦ
ҫ˫Ŀһ޺ǲһˣһԣʵ˵ĺܣֱһͽ֣ǿƿ޺Ľƽʵʵڷ޺Ķͷ֮ϡ

ͷӴһ˲䣬һƴͭӵĶۻ𣬷޺ȻֱöͷȥӲҫ֮ƣëΪԼķ㹻Ӧ԰ҫ
ģʵĽôԣһƵʵĽ鶼ѾˣһĹԾԷΪԣΪ㣬ĻбԷؼ汸ķ޺ҫһת˲Է˶ԷĹԣһأм죬ȵһǴֱ޺Ŀڡ
ҫһķ޺ܲܣԴҪըĸоҲֻƤ˶ѣָоĿȥҲ죬ǿĹԣɵʵ˺Ҳ޵ĺܡ
ۼҫУ޺Ҳи˫ֳצצ˫۷תʵʣҫһźݺݵצֽʯٱ
ʮŰΣ
ҫ˫Ŀ٣˲ƣĽ޺Ƕˣ˲ɱһָķָ뽵޺˺ѵצâڱǿŭ˿ͺҫıš
ʮצŭ
ʮһָף
ҫ˫ĿһȺ֮ѹϢڻʥµ£Լûܵһ˿һӰ죬һŤסȻһֱ֮𿪷޺˫צ
漴̤أμתһһ㣬Ʋ鲼˲߽˵ĺϻ֮ƣǿȾˣѪڣ˳ʮ֮Զ
ڰҫ뾢£˲òˣԷչֳʵ˲Ҵֲ֣УҫʵĿãҲǵԵĻûһĶ֣ھ˺ϻҲδֵ˶ơ
ҫɲֻǵǿѣӦɣʽ任һеʵ֤һУҫʵѾ㹻֤һ㣬Σʤδ֪
˵ʱʱ죬ڰҫ˵ĵʯ֮䣬һֱ׷޺ȥٶȱ֮ǰֲֹֿһ޺ǰ
˫һ˫ȭ籩һȭڣȭѹɽѹȥ޺
޺ؽҧǰȭƷˣٶȿۻңӲƴǲˣֻȫܣ
˼һأ޺è˫һչӥչᣬһ˿ϸ΢ӥżһ㣬Ť֮༫ΪյıܹҫĹơ
ŰΣӥ裡
Ǳܹˣ߼ȭʹķ޺˺ѷΣû³֭ҪûдĦ壬·޺İ߹ѱҫˡ
޺ܵǱҫץס˷޺һ̽޺鹥ƣٴɱ޺Χɷģƺ԰ҫԷеʮֵĲãԽ
˵Ľֿʼڲʮ룬ɹ֮Ѹίʵզ࣬ҫ˵Ĺƣɶ˵кԼϣϾʥֲǰÿģ˵Ĺ԰ҫ˵ȫʹ
ǿס޺ƣǯһѲ޺ΣָڿۣɫԱֱȭͺ䣬ȭƥ׺ݰԵƱҪðҫ֡
ŰΣݺᣡ
ۼ޺Ѹ͸ңҫȴǲΪɷ޺ʹɽһ㣬ΡȻһ޺Լǰƽƣһײͺڷ޺֮ϡ
ֻһǼ򵥵ļ翿ͽ޺ײɳϰԶ޺ѪƮգعǶѵĴߵķݣݺݵ׹ڰ׿ĵϣһʮ׳ǳۣ˻Ե״̬
ؿǰҫһ翿޺ײɣ޺ŭӿеʧȥǵĸоһ˫צ糱צݺύǧ򽣷ƨնҪҫ˺ƬļƣȻǶ
һԵĿҲûţָɣɫָâֱҫҪļΪ׼ȷɲ޺ǰ㣬ŭʧȥǣɱֵ侲쳣ž޲ֲ꣬ٲȻһݲȵļơ
˹ѸͣҫҲͬʾȭ籩ף񵶣˼вУݱ̶̵һڣƴ࣬ɲ·磬ףһַѹ֮ƣƵö˵˲ֹ
Ƕ˵ķǷλãκζ˴һʱԣûʶѾҫȦס


һʮ ޺λħ뽵У
Ӻ󣬰ҫǰһߴףķ׶İɫڼ·ʮ޺ϥΧһȦģÿһ޺ͷۣòԵüΪׯϡ
ʮ޺˴ѭ֮ƣէֱ֣ϣ˴֮γһֽɫϣΧܲ͸硣
ۣǴʦ᳹ʼգѭ֮ƣϢศɣʵʣۣʵޱȣβأ
λʦ˾ְλҲһĽӦһյķλ⸽壬ǿΪ֮࣬ŸᲢ֮ƣƱˣ֪˵ȴǺѽ˲£ҫ֣ͣʮ޺ɵĴԵø⾪ȣָ˵
ҫǺ˵ã̸Ц֮࣬Ȼ޺ħļа˵һϸţʵǿǲֺðĹҫ֣ͣ뽵޺֣ͬж԰ҫ̸ԵúǾȡû뵽ҫֻһۣʶŴڣ޺Ŀ࿴һѡ
ӷ𣡰ʩĿ棬ƶɮ̾ǷŶʮ޺ħ󣬴ֻûй֮Чʮ޺ͨɴﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣ԰ʩʵӦƲȥģʩ֪Ѷˣʹ˰ȥɺã̾Ϣһڻص
˵Ĳ岻ֻ˵ҪЧûһһȫгɼдز¶˵˵˵Ҳ֪һǰ㡣
Ȼǲ˵԰ҫѧǻۣԼϸ΢ĶЩҲÿ˵͸Լܿһ˿
Ǵʦո˵ʮ޺ħҪʮ޺ͨô̫ȫŶ᲻һӰ찡ҫЦ
ӷ𣡵ƶɮˣ̾Ϣһҡҡͷտڲԡ
ղЩҲ˵͸Ȼ֪ҫԼѾ˴Ǿۿ۰
˱˴˶һʱ޻޺絶ʼնŰҫţƺֻҪҫָ̾ͻʩչУ԰ҫչĹơ
ɮ붨һ㣬ԵôݵһҲȽ޺٣ֻƸһ㲻ʰĸо
޺Һôĵ⣬˴˸ΪҲ޿ɺǵģбҪɱ˴ĵɣҫƳһۣһĽ޺漴һֱԷȥ
ڰҫոն֮ʣҲǽϣ˫ָͬʱָâͳޣߣˮʮ㣬дգſ˫趯֮ʱȻڰҫǰͷһĳڰҫ󱳡
һָޣ
ҫһ٣޳ž죬Ǹоһʹʥ²ǵָ£ǿķͬʱίʵԡ
Ʋʥµķһ˿𶼲֣ΪֹʥϵƣԲ°ٵ֮ˣʵи̾
ɶԭΪСӵֻΪ˺ÿȡѣû뵽Ȼ˾ˣҵצ׵˺๥ƣֺǱ¶ƤһϷ
Ҫû¶һΪ׵̬СӻǺûԵӵд˵汦޲ˣʦ⿪ӡ޺
ϵͳǿķȻôõЧһﻹǻ˼أҵľ뵽ʥУֻʲôЧأҪ⿪һ°ɣšˣĵƣڱ¶ʱ򣡡ҫ뵽
ڳ˶Իʥǿķе𾪣ҫ˶о̾ʥ¶˵һı£ĵžʥˡ
ͬʱ뷨Ҳһ˲ҫڻʥµǿ£˲ʹһ𣬽ɢ
İҫŽߵķѾȲҪȥһȫʩչˣ֮ǰֻɵʱϰ˳ϵսپ
ҫǰһ̤Ȼһ챬죬ѿһƬĳҫһǽֱȭʮĽ޺ȥǿȭѹɽһ㱬ӿֺ쫷ϯһʰֱ併޺ȥ
˳µİҫһһʽž춯֮ٽ˼ʵɿһЦҪ񶼵ϰȥ㣬ҫȫѾﵽĽ
ʵʶԱҫȫΪܹһشٶֵĽһʮߵĴ¥ʮΪƽء
ҲǱĽ԰ҫʥڵľǿԴﵽĳ̶ȣôԺ󾳽ٴأصľǿܽҫǿ̶ֳȣǾҪҫˡ
ֻʮͣδӻĺܣʥѾܹɱ״̬ʵɴﵽң԰ҫеʱȥ򾳽硣
ְ츳ϼޱȵԸ񣬾ȻֹڴˣʥǾͷ룬֪ǲܵġ
ҪȥҫԻﵽһըĵزһ¾ëȻʱ¹ƾȭ죬ѵأ׾ٵ¡
ԹҫһȭһȭһȭĿ񱩳̶ȣ޺е㲻Լ۾Ѿ֪Χ֪ԼҪʲôСѱ
˵ʱʱ죬԰ҫȭѹ޺һȣ˫һչĵдգвᣬһѾ߹ĵ£˫צ͹̬产ˣĻз˵֮
޺ֻһ˲䣬㽫ʮһ˫צ͵ǰֱȡ·һ˺˵צƥצǧյ˺˰ҫȭѹ
ɴʱĽ޺ȴһ麹˫۶ɸֱϵѱѪıɳ֮ɫԵ쳣ˣ˵Ľ޺ѵ;ƿݵĵزʣһɣ鸡ڴڵĴŴ쳣Ǳ
ҫȴ΢΢񣬻ͷһۿǣԷҡͷ̾Ϣ漴һЦڵǴʦô
ӷ㲻סģֻ˷ѹʩ飡ҡҡͷ̾ϢɫԵеį
ҫ˵ͷЦǴʦһҪģΪҫˣ
ҫͷ޺Цݸˣ˫ۺƻǹһӶ೤ʮֱۣ󣬶ȭѹһƬָоҫһɽɳ۶ײ޺ȭѹǿķ˼š
޺Ҳǳϵıɳ׿⣬ײʮƽ֮֮ڣգ֮ڣԲаҫ˷޺ĺ󳾣˹ȥ
ҫŤͷһʮ޺ķħԼķ׶ķ΢΢һЦôⷽˣͬһȥ˰ɣ


һʮ ˣƣ
ҫ֣ſ˵ǴʦҫԳУʦްֻպҪڴһʱգҲģʦҪ黳أ
ӷƶɮܿóʩɱȴɱˣʵԽҲһ£澭ǧգѣųɴĥѣܵôģһ˿Цڻص
ҫ˵ͷһЦǵķǲС
еӱҪǱʲôӣԼ󱲱ҫƴˣĻ˵ĻҲֻзĿǲ㺣ļˡ
ǴʦʱѾ̫ˣҾҪȥ󣬴ʦҪôҫŤͷʵ
ҡҡͷЦӷ𣡰ʩֱܳǣƶɮޣʵлʥ֮Ī˵ƶɮˣδĶ֣ʵ㲻ס
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦصǴʦˣʦûԷ⹦ҫɲĶ֣ʮвҪ󣬲ʱʦǰҫ㲻ˣ
ǲÿɷһЦԼӡ飬ù˻ҫΪѹ͵һĳ̶ȣľ̶ȣԼʽսľü١
ҫ߽֮䲻˵սҲûپСս˵ģϸ΢ĶֱһһӲĥģǵһνֵʱ򣬰ҫѾһ˿֮ͬ
Կǵ̶ȣԼʽʱϵȻֻʥ۷ľ磬ҫ쳣ɻ󣬿˭ôԷ⾳ΪȥŰӽˮˣʲôɸ˵ܡ
ҫҲԼһ⣬Ǿǹǳ޳ܵģǳɵⳡսˣˣǰҫеķθ֮ԡ
ҫΪʲôô룬ΪžսĿʼ˫ȻԶԷʵһŵ˽⣬ȻƹƣҸòػҪأ˫²սиŵƲ⡣
һʱ˵ˣһĽս޷Ҳǵײʥľʿвʥĸ֣߲񾳵Ķ֣ǧÿһ춼ˡ
һȫͬˣһսһ㣬ײʿȫʥڵĸ֣во߳ϵʥڣʣȫʥ۷壬߲Ѿǿȡ֮ǳ񾳵ĳ֡
ȻһϵʵˣһҲδòԿսͺս𣬾Ես
ɹһսͲ̯˼Щѣؿǿв㶥ֵǿЩһʼδģĲ̵֪ʶЩʥ۷Ķ֣ûбϿȥȥô򵥡
Ҳ֪ʲô취ǵʵΪһ䲻üһĻ˵ǰϻһ֮ƽټ𣬴һֲ
ҲǹžսŸոտʼһ춼һԽڽڰˣ˲أһ㲻ʰĹƣǹҪġ
Щ˾ΪĸǣȻеۿۣսˮƽǣˣʵû̫࣬Ҳʵ߹Ϊ䲻⹥䲻
һֵĻҲʱ˲֮ҲϹ׷ȨԼȴȵԭڡ
սսţνҪأҾͲˣֱƵƳѹ䲻⣬ҾĿŵǿ֮ˣɨһУҲóرԭ
ͬʱսҲͬǶ߻ۣ·ҫѾ˹ĵǾʤ׷·Ϊ˸Էͬʱʩѹ£ŵΪֹ
·ԼرսƼ⵶һԹչѪɱ¾ѹˣһǰ֮ƣһݵ㣬ҾĲȵϽݺѹ
·ӣսоʿԻ֮ʦһ·ѹȥѹˣԼǿ׳ҪսҾñǿ׳ľӷѹȥ磬ҾǱףݺ顣
·ͬʱѹϣǹעһҪҾͱزˣֱӲƴƵƳݵһʣ㲻òѵƳҲزס
ĵƱƳôĿҲʹﵽˣʱʻȻӦ֮ߣϵĶȻҪȰĺöԸɼһսϵĲ־Ǹ߳ҫֹǸ˲š
ؿǰҫǰԶķа˼ţһĹžսôҪôֶζˣ˵ʲôɸ˵ܣ
ҫ˦˦ԴԼרעƷ˵ʲôıԺзҫһǰֻǻû߳лصӺϳͨ棬е㲻̫˼
棡棡磬·һݵѱƣ·һݵѱƣڽгؾɨ
ˣĵĸ˼Ҷ˭ȹƾݵ㣬ԼӮ޵ݵ˼治ٺȥˣȻᱻЦģҫͷΪֹţ漴ͷһ̧˫Ŀƥֱȥ
ʱصһǰ·Ļرţ׾ٵĹ·һݵĳǳأ·һݵǿսǧ磬ѱҫһȭ
·һݵʣʥкڵѰ֣޶սԣĻױţĻǶַ֣ӱҳ࣬ɲױ˲ͻƾݵķ£ֱڣɱ˷֮¡
Ҳ˫ÿһݵı־ԽͬʱҲǾݵڣֻнݻ٣¾ݵ㣬Ļ㽫ݵΪƽأ٣ܹһݵ㣬Ҿݵķ֮ǰӵǿ
·ķʻĻϼʻ߻ףԼʻսӥףƬ·һݵ˲ݣ˹ơ
һ֮ǰ·Ϊĵһݵ㣬ǷһȽ˼СǾˣҫǿսħԳķֻ߽ʱ߽ɾеǱˡ
ͷɢͷڵϴһ㣬Եúǲ麹鲼֮ϣдŴΧеƵģؿͣҪǣ߽߰ȫ۶ϡ
Ǳ֮࣬ȴһ˿иĿǰٻӰٻӰֻһվڷ£·У·һڵȴָʾ
Ȱˣҫ绹ºڣ˵ʲôԻǵһƾݵˣţƤˣҫճأˣҲܾôǱٶְɣˣ
ƲƲһһп磬ŷǿͿĹͽǰƬ״·ĵһݵ˳ƣ糱ˮ㳷ˡ
߽ĴʦԼʦȴûȥǸôｻ̸
·ǲȺͬʱƣ·İҫһһƽ׵ĵƤƤƵģʮ޺޺ħķϡ


һʮ ħȱݣһ̤ƽ
ҫƣ൱ƣ뵱˼ʱͿºڣ˺һ˭ȹƾݵ㣬ҪɶԷκһĵıʾԼӮöľ֣òš
ɴʱ˿̣·ľݵһƣһĸ飬Ժ󻹻첻콭ˣ첻ˣɴֱڸԼϢˣҲûˡ
ҫôҪݺݵķйһ£׳İ׵Ƥй;йĿȻ޺ħ
ƽ׵ĵƤʯ飬Ӱҫзɳ֮󣬺һűľڵײ޺ħĽϡ
Ļ΢΢һһȦɢƽ׵ĵƤʯ飬ֱӱмʮ޺üͷһ壬漴ָֻģǽûܵһ˿һҫޱȡ
ǿķǷŴҪأҫϸһոԼͶǵƤʯ飬Ӿ˵޿ޣԷħĽ˵ԳƵǺвɵ̾һ
󷨣Ƶǹ罭еһزһϵһֶ󷨴ڣЧøǧٹ֣緱ǡ
ǧŶ㳬ڵȻö˵óһŶǾʮ޺ħ󣬿ɷؿɹЧίʵޱȣֻǿǿǿǿİҫأ
ҫƲ֮䱾ʵʣʲôһˣһɾһҫһֺ޻޵صްѵļơ
ʱİҫûʲôĻУֻһһͻĳּ޵ҫ񶼺޼ɣ⽻սдǿһ⣬ûбʲôѤܡ
ҫİ˳жǿԸպɽ޺Ļȥͽƿһƽ׵ĵƤƤ֮ǿԶ㹻ĳЩûʲôŵøεѡ
ɾǿһȭȴûܺ俪ħĽϣĻٴһ𣬲ɢһʯ׹ˮһ㣬Եޱȡ
ǵϥʮ޺üͷϽ˲쳣ԵüΪĿҫۣϵӰȻһǽͻȻΰķڰҫȭȥһ˲䣬ɳ׿⣬òײסΡ
ԭˣغİҫ̧ͷ޺ħ쳣һƺʲô
һ䣬ҫٴθ߸Ծ𣬻ʥ»ΪһӰգ۲ٶȣ˲˽֮ǰʮźݺ˦ʮ񵶣ն֮ϣĹĻͣ
⻹û꣬ҫȳ磬Ŀ죬յҲ죬֮˲ƣ֮缲磬תŲ֮ʣգ֮ϰٵ񱬺֮ϡ
ȭšơָצҫ˵伫糱ݲֹ·޾һǧ£֮һĽϣƺޱȡ
ʱڰҫķ֮£ʮ޺ɲֻüˣɫҰֽǺƵһĹͷϸܵĺ飬üͷľҪƤһ㣬ϿԿҧݲûҧ顣
˵ʮڿ֧Ŵ󲻱ҫƣǴǵıпԿʮ޺Ѿǿ֮ĩҲ֧Ų˶ˡ
ҫѾϾųɣ˵Խ˻ܹڽϲ̫óĿ껻ɽλ޺Ļ¶ֶᱻҫһȭ֮࣬ǿš
ʮ޺ħ󣬲ǷŴͨλʦۣ˵һ⸽壬ȷͨ壬ҽз𣬹һ壬ȷޱȣǡ
ȱݣ룬ۿۣӲӦеķȻͨ壬ҽзʱ䶼أҵĹƿǵķӦأλʦɢȥ󣬾ʹ˷ɣ֧ţô
ҫοޱȣٶȿķ·һ㣬ÿζתԭһӰϵΧʮӰڶ٩٩̸֮ʮͬʱ˵һ㣬ίʵޱȡ
˻һʮ޺ը˹ȱȫķħʲôȱʮ޺ħ˵ʮ޺ֳֻʮ޺⻹˵ô
ƺе͹˰ҫΪ֣ᷢû뵽ǰҫȱݣһֹһҡֱ˵ƽ֮ȰǷ
ߣʩĪҪΪԼʵ߾Ϳͱˣҵڣʮ޺ħ󣬼ʹȱҲ˵˵ƵģſбӦڴ۵ɮŭĻ֪ж԰ҫĿˣҫҲԽԽˡ
ôоԼ˷ɫˣҫǼƶµΣûӰ쵽Լе뷨ԼǺĺȥȰţôǵĶﶼζˣԼſôԩ
ŭ⣬ʧ侲˳ȣʦֶлԶΪ͵Ŀǣɮҡͷ̾ϢоԼʦֶı쳣ʧ͸
ɮһŭԵı飬ԹĿ˿һۣ뵽Ҫʦ󣬵´ҫ֣Ҳڱôܹأ
ƺɮ룬ٴ̾ϢһҡͷҫȴһͣԳܵĲӰɢΣ֮ǰÿһӰĳ֣ϰٵ£֮ѹǧ֮࣬͵Ĳ˼顣
λʦ治Ըɢȥ󣿡ҫʵޱȣȻȰ˼Ҳ飬ԼҲȥˡ
Ҫҵ־ܣʩǳ룬б˴ǣԣɮŭĿӣںȵʮ޺ҲͬһɮհɫƺҪҫĵˡ
Ը
ҫ˫ĿһȻǰͺ¿һûУôҫҲøǿѧҫΪǱͬŵĿǣǲ˲ֹһǰ㡣
ҫһ棬ըһ쳾ŭը죬ڵһֱʮףȽӽ֮֮ƣֱʣǶƫбһ֮ȻֱӴ˰֮ߣȥƲ֮£պԾϷĶˡ
µĽҫޱȣҫ˫ĿһƳ·һЦʮɣ˵þȫҽ֮ϣĽϣȻһ̤
䣡
һıըԶǧ׿⣬ƾˣƺˣǰ￪·ڶݵ㶼춯֮ҫһֱ̤˽ϣǹĻΪƬɢ١
ϵʮ޺һѪϵĽӰȫɢȥΣѪңҴܣصĺܣ󲻶ĺŤͷ֮ϡ
ҫ̤֮ϣƷӣ֮ǰȫһҲõƿ˽ϣʣµ߳ɽȻɷܣܳôһζαըѵĶϲ㹻˵ˡ
һضɽҡĺ֮Զ˶ȥʮ޺ȫɵˣ֮ϵİҫǰȻˣ˪ı飬ƥ֮ǿֱ˧˼㡣
Ҫǣҫǵķħ󣬻һ̤ƽ˷


һʮ ˳񶼵
ȥ֮ûбҪǳ֮·ҵǧ´˴βμӽսλֱʦֵܣѾˣսֻز֮סȥԣʩҵȾʹ˱ˣ
ҫϸһ󣬿ǿ˵һصصķˣǷѧ裬ǳ֮ˣһҲʵڵĲ˷˲ȥǿʤһ˳Ȼ˳ӦԵķˡ
ҫıȭһ񣬱쳣࣬˵Ȼʦ˵ףҫҲǿ󣬴˷ܽʶʦŸɮʵ˰ҫ֮ңհҫ뽭ػãʦϥ̸
ʩʱǧͣƶɮ޻ӭչһЦڻص
ʱ֮ǰǶ԰ҫʹɮһǿĿ˵ʩ֮ǰƶɮʤһʱײʩҪ黳
ɮΪʲôͻȻתӣϻҫ֮ǰһʵŵУһ̤ƽ˷ʵȫȲõģǧſЩ¸ص뻯ʥɮ̸Ҳֻпֱɮ˲ʵˣһҪǰŵǼλ
Ȼ⻹ɮͻȻ԰ҫԭԭȻǰҫǴĹƣսˣ㶼ɮҲٵʮ޺ϯ޺ˣҲܹˣҫʵ̬ʵ硣
ʦˣȥ¶ȥˣҫСǼ֮ˣܷأպپۣҫҪʦٴдһѧĵãԼ߽һЩأҫǿıȭص
ӷ𣡰ʩսҪСˣһͼСƺˣⳡսͬʩСģԾڴˣԵټˣǿڵ
ҫ˵ͷֻصҫλʦˣ
ǵ˵ͷǾݵ㲻ԶϪȥӹʧ٣ǵȥ֮ƮյĳҲѲΣǰһƬտ֮أ֮ǰľݵǳѾķȫʧĸɸɾ
ĿͿǵ뿪֮󣬰ҫӣ֮ǰþȫеȻ춯ؼΪˣ;һҫеֽŷ͵һֱ֣Ҳ㲻ʲô󰭣Ϣһָܻ
·ĵһݵѾȫƣֻǹķӦе㲻̫԰ĵİǴʦǰͼСأǣʲôͼأҫ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷ
ҫһϢһ߿ԽƲιֹٶʦڣĳߣѵֻΪ˽սʤõʤƷ˵νսʵʲô˲õĴҪ
ҫһʱҲûͷ벻ʲôȻоûǸϺ󣬴һһ£ʲôţϾڷ
ҫСЪһһ֧ǧ˲ӣϵҫǰ֧װ͵սװףǻĸߴ׳ɫҲһ֧񲿶ӣΪ֮񶼵һݵس
ҫ٣㣬һ˹˹ĵһݵ㣿΢ĿʵȻ֮ǰҫ̤ƽľٶͳУе㲻ŵĶһʡ
ǰҫִʱҫһͬһݵ㣬˭֪ҫһķԼĸԣѹ󣬰СʱȥϾͿˡ
ǰ֮ҫһɱ¾ս԰ҫûʲô飬ȻǷӰҫж԰ҫʮʮĲġ
ȻҫսҪݵɲƽսô򵥵ġ
Ⱦݵǳصʮ׸ǽ˵˵ҪͷȥͷԽȥôǲ˭ڲ£̤ϳ¥
ΣݵǳڿɲֻسǾʿѣЩ֮ˣʲôʡ͵ĵƣжǿԼҲǼʶģҫֻһˣһΧҲ׶༪١
ά־ݵķܶȼߵĽʯɵģҫԾǽɱΧԷܸ޲˰ɡ
ǳеĹǣ԰ҫǼΪŵԵʵǵĲѣ԰͵͵ĴŲӣϵһ·һݵʮﴦҪ԰ҫае֧Ԯ
ԣҫһһ࿴˸߰˰ˣڵս˻̽һʱ˼սҲûȥ˻Ĵڣⳡս˵һεĿ͡
ҫ̤ƽ֮󣬳еڳԼ۾ǲԼ۾ëˣҫսܴﵽôе㲻ѧܻԼĴǲǱ˴ˣǣʶĶһϻ
Ҹʲô㲻ǶôҪûбƣǰͲƽɵĴ·ˣҫ˷ۿڻص
̾Ϣһ˵ͷվһԣǧ˲ӣеĶʿж԰ҫȻҫ֮ǿѾ޵аϱˣһ˹ƾݵ㣬ҲҲ
һݣ·ȡ˽˵սһ·һݵȫ߽⡣
·رС·ľ󲿶Ӵݿ࣬·ҫһĪУսȫת񶼴˵Ĵ£һĹһʧء
һĵڶݵȥ콻սİʯ


һʮ ֮ı·ʯ
žսʼѾȥʮСʱң˵ֱֵһᣬǸȣεĽս˫ƺһ֮ڽս֮ңʷǰ
ʱ˿̣һһսԱҲƾУȻȫҪ鹦ҫ˵ǿսԼսսţĻһûʲôƿԡ
һ·һݵѱԷƣһ·һݵ㣬⵽˰ҫ˵ѹ֮ơ
һĴӪڣһ׳ӣһȵĿϵĵͼֽڶ㱨ս¡
·ĵһǣ񶼽оݵ㣬ǣѾȫƣ֮˷ֱҫ·ڶǣζȥ
ʥ۷ĸԱŵĽɱʹֽǧ硣ʥڸ˽˳ɣķ߽ǧµĿǴʦжԷƣѾȫ˳ռսе㲻̫һò꣬ս˵һ飬ȥҫ˵ķսԹһ൱ɹ۵ʧ
࣬˷磬ڽûҲ˵ûУֻ˵û˷ֶѡ
ڵĪ⣬ǿµаһӸλħʹе֮һλȨأݼߡ
ħ֮Ƶ˷磬Ѵڣһӡҫ󷨣о춯֮ܣ֮ʵ֮ǿڽǿǰʮ֮УΪǿ쳣
˷صĺãû֪ʵݣڽһɢʿȭķʽΪһָӣһ˷ǵĶͷ˾ҲóϷûżѵľٶ
˷Ļ㱨֮󣬵ȻһЦ޷Ǵˣսֻ˶ѣ˻ȥвҪӲƴԱʵΪ
Щʿ˾˰ɣҲûʲô˵ģʥڣȻ̸ϾţһëҲȱȽǣֵùעҫȻɱֽǧ磬ҲȤĺܡ
һ䣬΢΢ͷ˼һƺʲôڵֽǧʧܣôԳ֣ҫնɱ
ŶСһȻע⣬ǱȻСأȻǲòģôԳֽСһնɱ˰ɣ˷ɭȻһЦеɱԽŨ
аž֮ı˷ǰҪױģһ˴£аľ֮ıȻضΪ֮׵ıǰ硣
ڿռսڵοռУһɰСĺڵ쳣Źֵ֮ϣڵ㼫СȥҲ͸࣬˵ǰƮҲᱻʶĺԵ
˵ڵ㼫СǣĿռǺƴûˣռǳ֮ӰΧһȦڱ˴̸ʲô
żȥļң˭Ҫ˳ô˵ˣҲýʡҵʱ䣬⡣翣ͳĲҲ֪Ӻδصڿռ֮ڣҲȻǳĪӰ֮һ
治ףô޴ǰǵʵȫֿɵãΪʲôҪ˳ٴƺǳͬһ֮ڡ
ⷽأܻһЩ֮ˣʵ޲ɼҲ޷ǵʵҲ㹻࣬ǻܶһֶΪأ
ˣҪСΪϣϾĵ̣ҪĲλǵˣǳȷѪ꣬ҿɲپһˣ
Ǻǣ㻹ǵðأķɣǼ°Ҳ֪ôģȻ޵ء
ߣѾͷ˼˵Ǽ»𣬷Ļôἤͻƣ֮ܵУɱ¾ҵǧ֣
ӴҪôǼҲȫҵͷѽҪǶߣҪ֮٣ôֵֵزһ˸ĵӽȥأҪΣÿһλѲ˸ϵŶ
ˣҪЩν֮Ĵڵȷ鷳ֻҪڣҵıҲټȥˣȼʹУҲδĶְ
İɣѾӴˣڵģ
ȷ
ǳȷ⣬ҲǰְɣοǰҼһδˣһˣ˵֡ǵıԷǳ˳Ľȥ
ڣҲڣСӵԸĥ˭֪᲻ͻȻ񾭵ĴʱҪӦҲһ鷳
ֻҪھˣˣϷǣǲҪǷݾˣ
ǺǣǱãǷݷĺˣ㣬ıǧ꣬ȵľһ̣ôʼɣ
һǳռ֮źڵڿռս֮ϣ׵ʧ٣·ûгֹһ㣬ɽ֮ϣаʥ֮һħߣĿһɽ֮ϡ
ħģ׼£һĻǳͻأĳħߵԺС
ħȫ׼һ֮ɣħصƬƬǿϢƺڵȴĳ

ռս֮ϣҫ˹ƹһ·һݵֱ֮Ӵ첿ӣŵڶݵѹϣֻ˵Ҳߵͷ·ĵڶݵİʯ
·ʮ֧սжʿڹ뵽˵ڶݵĳ֮ʱƽǿĵˡ
һһ¶ֻڰ֮ڣѺɨǧʿȻδһˣǧ˸ǹǶϽۣ˲߽ǧ˵սƺޱȡ
곤Ϊ㣬һһ㣬Ķţů΢ЦԵе롣Ϊϵľ޽ʵڴе㣬еԽܡ
һףףʮ֣δһ鳤ŰƵģϸСγɵĶԱȣ֮ǰὣһɨǧòǱ
̬ľ޽˿ڼϣҲûбİ취ڷˣΪֱղҴϿٰʮﶼģȴĿڼϣɼ书ȻС
ҽһ£˽һ壬ˣãˣ
·ĻرСӣ˴鷳Ե˭ǿƷǸ˸ķŸɮǧ¿ֱеԵ
Ҳ֪Եģûмֻ֣Ǽ򵥵˵˼仰ʮ֧սܶӳǣȻ˷Ƶɱ
ڳʮ˳һȻ⣬мʻžͻ׵ܶӳǣһױȵңʮһ߾ͻ׻սǸʲô棬ضڲ
ԿԵ쳣£ǰĿԵѹе㴭
ӷħö֪ǵĶֲƶɮԼ
·ҫոյִڶݵĳ£׿ǧ˲ӣһɱ֮͵Űҫһ仰̾ͻչ֮ս
ɾڰҫҪų¥֮ʱһƱװŭȣе㷢¡
Сӣչãôչ˵ģ㼸ͷͷֻޣ
磬Դûëɣ


һʮ ̤նսƣ
ռսڵ趨Ʋģ˵ûǳ趨ڵһռʱӻ趨˵ȫǰ绷ʵеȥ趨ģҲ˵ȻеģﶼУ˵ҫͷϵơ
ڰҫ˸߲ңĻϲȥԼĽʱû뵽Էû˵ֱ֣ȻŪ֮󣬵ƸǶŰٲȻһٵĳίʵޱȡ
磬ľͻƵҫԴһᣬзӿľ΢ȵĿڵ
ģСӣ֣費˼룬Ϊðգֱ񼫣ֵܶû潲Ҫݺݽѵ㲻ɣƲ֮䣬һŭը졣
ǰҫǧ˲ӣֽ⵽ĳǵϺݺݵһӣʵܵĺܣΨҫһˣһеӣƺ֮ûиҫʲô̫Ӱ졣
磬ҲܹҰԸģǿ󲻵õģⶼңҲ̫˰ɣҫһ죬ԼܰһӾͱյĵš
˭֪Ķˣ׸߿գҲܽҫһⲻãһը˷ΣŭĿԲ֮£Žµİҫˣ˵䣬Ҷ죬ҿǳ¯Ǵ򲻿ɣ
ըװֳ˰ҫ⣬ֳ޲ǱĶĤʹðǣֻ׳Ӿݵڳ֮࣬Ȼ֮ϣ˾Ī
նַǳ񾳳ֵı־ľΪ˵ͻƵ֮磬ֻܳ𣬶̤նʱ˿̵նģһĸǽǲޱȡ
ĹΪͻƵһȫµľأʵǿϲɺذҫ˫Ŀ쳣֮ϵţ˿ʲôߣɰҫ쳣ĵꡣ
԰ҫĹƣܹ֮ʩչֻг񾳲Żõ̤նҪ鹦Ĺ
ʵնļƣֻж̶̵һ˲ѣԶ^񹦵ķ֮ԣסԼѣԶûдﵽ̤շԾƽصĳ̶ȡ
ֻж̶̵һ˲䣬Ҳ㹻ˣǾ磬ҲǶһ޶ģҪȡɴﵽԼδﵽľֱ죬֮ţƫƫȡ˸ɡ
ɼԶ^񹦲˵Ƿ켫ĵزһó˲Ϊ֪İǾǶԷã̫ꡯͷȷǵ֮
˫Ŀӿ˫һչ˫ָһץȻеĿץУ˫һϣһƥҷűѹ˫֮䡣
һһ£ΪĵķԲǧڣʱһɿ񱩵쫷磬֮ǿ·ҪϵĵƤƿһ㡣
ڳ˳˰ҫһ⣬ǧ˲ӣգ֮䣬ԱƷˣʣЩͬǶᣬʽδ£ǰԺޱȣһʹȻ춯ء
˳ʮ⣬̣ϣҫı쳣ȻΪ
ĸԸΪҫֵĳصĵ˵ͷŲԶԶȥкսΪԹߵʸûСΪˣԣսʵǾ
ҫͷдȴĪƽĹΪ˵ЦȻܹӰ쵽Ȼ֮ƣʥȻͬնҪСӦǣ
˵ʱʱ죬ֱʵ۷֣Ҳ̶ӵʱ䣬ֱ˫еҷѹ֮һ˫۸߸߾𣬿ҷŻһĻΪһҷףŷȻ¡
Զ^񹦣֣
ƾдҷ֮ƣѹɽһŰҫͷѹ£ǿ󣬾ҫܵĵ涼ѹѺ۲ϣǱ쳣ϡϢĸо
ҫ˫Ŀһŵŵأһӣȼ˵Ļѣµĵ澭ܲסľݺݵȥֱﵽֲİ֮࣬ȸ׶ֱ汻ȥһ飬ΪĿġ
ʥµսϵͳȥģҿʥµļޣȥʲôزҫ˼һתգۻҪ죬ҲͬǳĻش˰ҫףʥʣ89%ȫɣάǿս״̬ķʮ룬ʱʾʼ
ʥµǿս״̬ǸʲôĽжߵķԼĽ׳۷ߵĹԱҲڵķڶĹʱҪǿһߡ
ȻҫȫʵĿɲֻǻʥ¶ѣͬǿֲĺܣһ̤ƽһ˶սʮ޺һɱ¾´֮սʥҲֻһĸöѡ
Իʥ¶԰ҫİȷСҫƾȻҫĹı˲٣˵ҲʼֻԼǿǲǿ
뷨ҫǿӵ˼£ǳˣ絹ɶǣ貶ĿʥǽɫĻͼƣת˳֮ɫԵ쳣Ѥ˫ȭ֮ױƥǿȭѹķѹǲضá
䣡
ҫĶԺ䣬һ֮죬ϲǹһһȫʶסԼĶ䣬ĳЩʵһģȻֱӱ˹ȥ˵ĶԺѾﵽ˳޷ܵĵزίʵޱȡ
񱩵Ļзɢǧ֮ԶֻǶ˵βûأвϵ֣ĵϵĿɿڴ
аҫͶӰÿһֳֶ˵ĶԹӰһӣʮ⣬ʯ֮ʣʮӰ֣֪ݵڵУ˲Ŵ׹ڵ֮ϡ
ҫȻϢȣȻǴݲȵ飬絶񣬻ȻˣƺոյĶԺ䲢ûж˿Ӱ졣
Ҳͬˣ˫ĿȣĶŰҫţһ˿΢Ц׳ͦıֱһһ򵱹Īİ֮Ϊˡ
磬δôӭСܵģҫһЦ˵
Сӣһμһǿȫޣȴܷӳ׺ĽǾҪǿʩչ񹦵㣬治֪ôģһЦ˵
һԭҵʵһΪҪƴأҾ˵ΪСҲҪɱ֮ɣҪϲͻƵ֮պڽеĵλƱˮǴأҫƤЦ˵ȫûٴζֵ˼
֪˵ĻôúóһûܴͣѹñԵ߻أΪ׸Ļˣ˵òô򣡡Ļص
ֲǲ֪ҵܰҲֻһ㿴Ҹûֵģҫ̾һڻص
һգҫҲ΢΢һЦ˴Էȥֱ֮ʱǿһЦǽֵܣȻûгԹһ˵֮ǰҲֻòΪ߽һս
Ȼûǰ֪ʱ̤ӣŰҫиõĽ
Ҽ˿Ҫȡ
ħ˷磡


һʮ ħֻΪ
ͳ˧ݹ٣ʧԶӭͳ˧һüһŰеһӱȭ˵
޷˿һԱǣƮȻأ˰֣Ȼ˵
ܣ˱žսǹһͳ˧֮ˣ˳ħ˷磬ǰݺɽһܵУһӡпٵ֮֮ܣǽĸ֣ǵ˳֮ǰ밲ĪҪʧҫĸ첲ѵ
ҫ˵ͷ˷籧ȭһ˵ҫǰ
ҵĻٶظһ˰ɣ˿˷˵Ƴһµɱɽ㱬ֱưҫȥ
ҧҧ˷ǷɱҫˣΪˣҫֵܣԼ֮˳ȥ˵Ǳ֮ˣ
ο°ҫܵܣҫҲǾȹΣ֮У飬壬ɰҫ˷ɱ
ǻ˵˷ǺҲһȵĶ֣ɽһףԸаֺ飬ҪɱҫԼôͬԼҲᱻһɱˡ
Լǣ޹ҹһˣҫһҲĸԸԹԣʹ죬ϼô죿ڵǧҵô죿
Ҷһ֮ˣȴһҫͬûУܰȻ˺ܴĽɲ£гȻʱҲǳ֮ơ
ܿ϶ֻҪԼѶһȥҸڼһ춼ͻᱻԼеһЩǻݺ븹С
ѣҲǣҲǣ˰һ仰ﲻץ۰ҫȴһɵȻ
ҫһ˷翪ЦǰɱڣǱҪȡҫˣֻǣҫеʣҪǰһ
ʰɣӣ׹Ҳ޿ɺǣ˷絭Ļص
ǰΪҪɱңȻ˷սҵȸΪǰָյҪɱңƺǸ˶ԹǱ˴Ķ֮Ⱑҫ΢Ц˵˷ɱݵȻԷѹɽأ˲󣬰ҫҲᱻ˷ŵ
СһҪɱ㲻ҪɣҪɵĻô͹̫ˣ뿴ǰ;֮ӣδ֮ʱնɱպҲһЩ鷳˷ɭȻһЦ˵
ҫ΢΢ҡͷ̾Ϣһصлǰ̧ǰڲģʣʵʧôֱӵ㣬ǰаӺλ
ҫһﻰ£йʥǶˣɵˣˣڶһĲ˼֮ɫ˵Ŀȫ˷ϣƺõʲô𰸡
˷ѾãʮоŸţǶԷֻһɵĽɢʿѣǶĺܡ
ɿҫЦȫоҫڿѨ磬˷ɫԽɱҲԽŨңһݰ¶ҫһĸоܵеʸӵˡ
аʲôĴڣڳֻҪеݵĶ֪ǽеаֻ֮Ψһû֮һ˵˷аˣôɢʿݣֵˡ
Сһ֪֪Ϊһ仰˰˷̾Ϣһһӣ쳣ɭȻЦݣ˺ëֱǹɱѾֹ԰ҫһˣǽΧ˶ڡ
ɣǰаˣ
ǰҵ޹أǾ⴫Υģ𣡻ƹһ
ԣҫƾ޾ݣǰҪڲͣɱĳ֮ҲҪƻǿ콫£ǰķ䣡
˷ɱ֮£ֳʮʥڣԼʥ۷֣Ǿʧ룬ȻһƬУȫܹ˷˾ųɣֻǵ֮⣬ƺȫֺãġ
˷һЦѲܿ˵ֻҪ´ӣңһڶְɣ
ҫ˷ۣЩԸԼԼǱ˷СأСأСأ
ֻΧ˿ɹ˲Щ˷绰֮ʣʥڣʥ۷壬ʮһʥͻբΧҫҪ͵
ʥȴɲΪǰֻһ֮ԣǲмʮһΪ顣
ʮһôǵģǺ˵ֻҪܹǳʺǶܺԥȥԱǣοȥɱһزʶˡһֻΪȥһǶ˵ʮһûʲôϾ˲Ϊ
ʮһ˴ӲͬķΧҫȥֽǺ飬ʮɫݺύƵҲס
ǰ̫ⷬСưҫأҫȻҲҪѽҫΪԹ߶һ䣬һֳֳʥڸ֣ѾɭȻɱŭһʶľ־ܣ򣬺ԡ
λ̽˵Ըֻһ˵ΪѾҫУҫЦöӣһ˵ʲôû鷳˵һ飡
ҫٶж죬쵽ʮһʥֻ֣еǰһʧȥ˰ҫӰգ֮ʣҫѾ̽סٶ֮죬ίʵޱȣڳ֮Ҳֻ˷˲ܿΡ
أأأҫе̽ӻˣ֨֨˵һܺ£µҪ˵ҫ˲ȻһˣԼӦѱסӣôܽ£
ҫһЦսһ޷ܵ̽ӵǣѵһᣬе̽ӸǱҫ߿ѪҫƵһ
ǰһĻΧҫʮȫֹס˽Ų㿴ңҿ㣬һ˼ɫҫͣڽҲСʵ֮ǿһ֮ɰҫһֻ־һֻϰ㣬նɱίʵľѡ
ҷСɣ
ɶ񣡾ȻҶ¶ֱ֣ﲻ⣡
һɱħͷպΪһ
ҫֽ̽ӵʬ嶪һԣҲɫĽͶǲΪȻĿڵһﲻ֪νĹΪͷôɡ
ҫȻһѪȷ籩ҧгݣ岻˾
ģҪûСܣûˣĻнʱյķͷҲգСܣϸҽվͽ黹㣬һ⣡
ʱ룬ľΪ壬Ϊ飬ΪԼΪڱġ


һʮ Ӿƫ񾳣أ
ҫɭȻһЦ˫Ŀ쳣ǰǽͷݣ϶ִţȥЩԼˣȴеСΨͼ֮ԴˣҫԲһ˵
ҫһһֳֽƵ׳ͷƵ˳һƥԷĽļιͬʱϣƵһᣬֱһӣɵĿԷĻͬʱͷ­նɡ
׳ǰɱĿɿڴı飬֪Լôģҫֵٶж죬쵽ȫӦգգƤһˣǷӦʱȻ߳ŭȺ֮
ڰҫһǰ׳Դ֮һ˲䣬ͬԵǿҹƣֱҫŶȥҫͷҲصһ㣬˫һչպôҶ˵Ľ棬˫ۺʵʵĺڶ˵ؿڡ
˲ҽһͬ裬סҫһ˫ۣعǼԹۣһѪУ˱˶أ֮Ϣһһ죬
ʯһ˲䣬мһֳֺ񱳿նҫı֮ҫһЦɴ󵶿Լıϣͬʱһ˦һһ㣬ǿ֮˵ͷ­顣
ҫıȫûһ˿˵ĺۼԻʥµķ׳ȫһó涣ҧҲǿȥ
ʣȫͣסԼľٶĿɿڴĿҫһǰδеĿ־ͷĲ֪ǰİҫȻôǿ֮ǰ˿һʥ۷Ĵڣɱһȭͷ­ŵǲС
Ȼͣˣҫɲͣʣչһ浹ѹһȭһƷֱֵۣһǲԷ߹߷ɣ˫צ˺һֵ˫ۣһǳԷԡ
Ĺ֮ǰΧ˰ҫʮһˣûһܽӰҫһаʽգ֮䣬ҫ˲ɱһ˱ҫһĶϲ֮ǰʬƬҰòˡ
ҫôǿǿֲ֮£ֽͬһνĵ˵Ҳͬһ㣬ֺʥĸǰѾͨû̫Ĳ𣬿׾ٵĽɱ
ԭˣѹֻܵӣ;ʵҪǷɳȥȻǱһĸ󻼣ң̬λǰڵһսԴӷɣ˷
˵ʵڵİҫչֳʵҪڵȽϣֵһᣬǵԼڰҫ͵ʱ򣬿ǻᱻ˦ʮ·ҲڰҫеЩʥһ㣬Ҳסҫһȭһš
Ұҫ֮ǰʱƣԺӰĸоλǰôѹ¾ǵģǳȷѪ꣬˷ÿ𶼻ẮëըĲѣһԶˣҲĨȥĺɫ⡣
ǰҪɱҫֻԳˣҫ׿бԼһһΧʥ֣΢Ц˵
ʱѾûˣƲҲ̸ʣʥ֣ѾǳԵһʾԼ¡
УҫҲܿԼλƺԼˣôھֻʣһҪԸһʳ߳ɵˣħ˷硣
ҫһ仰˷˼ʵոյ˷ٴ뵽ǿֲĻУؿǰİҫǹɱѾֱ浶ǰĸоЩʥĸָɱ壬һָˣ˫ŲĴ
ллɱȺ֮ҲȻҪĺ󳾣ҫȪ·ô㣬Ҳįˣ˷̾Ϣһǰһҫ˳ȥ˳ǽɳǧԶ
ܣҫѪ𾪵ؿһʹûιȥʥһθоʹһ֣ͬ泯ǰ󣬿ɳǧ׵ľ룬Ҳûͣµƣ;ֱֱײһֱֻͨһ棬ҫǱ
֮ǰһ˷ֻһȴ˽ʮ׵ľ룬ڰҫ˷κܹ죬ĳֱҫǰΧֱ˷Ⲣٶ̫֣һӾϵƫ
˵˴֮ľУһֺܲǣָоֻҪ˷ʤΪҫķ񾭣ӦһҲǺֻ֪ҪӾдڣ˷Ⱦڲ֮ء
Ӱҵʶԣ˵ǱӰ˸й٣˵ٶϸӾϵĳͻΪҵ˫ѾǸٶȵ⣬ٶѾ쵽ͻҶ̬ӽ뾲̬ӽǵļޣŻᵼӾϵƫÿֲ˷磬ÿֲĳ񾳣ҫ𺳵Աһθ񾳵ĳֽ棬Ҳǵһг˲ƥеĸо
֪ôɱ㱾ɹҪ㹻࣡
ҫ˫ĿһɣƮƮĻԵ޹ʵĳڰҫĶУҫ˫һڵ֮ϣĿĵĻֹۣס˺֮ơ
ķλҿҫ˫ĿѲӣϵÿһйٶ˼£ûз˷٣ֻ
Ӷλϵͳѿڽȫλλɨ裬ĿӷСɿĽ˷綨λҫͷһ̤ն˷ӸµĿԼʵδȵ
Уҫ٣һ䣬ĿĹ˻ʥµķٽֵѾﵽߵĹˮƽʥµսϵͳѽֻܹĿιڻΣٴѵ
Ҳ˵ι֮󣬻ʥ¾ͻᱨˣôҫ˫Ŀ˷粻ţ쳣࣬ߴѹԽԽĵĸо˷̫ǿˣǿʱİҫûޡ
ô˵ûб㹻ĳƶҿ԰ʥ޸ֻҪһʱ䣡ٴλظ
ˣҫ˵ͷ뵽
ڴʱ˷ƮȻ䣬ֹӾƫָоʵҫͷ۲ѣ⣬ҫȫܹԼĽ֣ǾǱɡ
˷ĳŰҫȥûһҫһ˴֮ʼձŶʮҵľ룬˷һζЦݣһɳڰҫǰڰҫǰ
ԼӾΪʲôƫ԰ɣҲѹ֣֪һУʥ۷ľ磬ͬ޵УԾսǳ񾳲ûеô򵥡
Ϊֻ̤նһôشֻǳһѱ֮֮ΪãﵽＴΪ࣬ҲԳΪأ
˷绰䣬ǽҫǰһ£ҫһѪٴٿյɣ֮һ绡һɼΪ˵׾İҫ˲ͣ
Ҳϵṩʥ£ôսϵͳµĻʥ£ԵֵĿٴι
ֻҪֹĹµĻʥ¿ƵĵĿ񣬰ٷ֮ʮҵĹǿȣ
ˣ
ٿյɵİҫϵᡣ


һʮ սo˪֣
棬һŻ˷УĿּڻ֮еˣĻУ֮а˿ŻţԵ쳣ҡһתվһ֮ϣһգ¶˰ҫͦε
˷Ʈ԰ҫһѶϢָƣаصķ֧鲼أҪ֪ҫһȫ׾٣ǰİҫǷȫʵİҫֲٹӵĸо
ôϹžڹķȻܱгɣĺûԵԣӷɱɣ˷ˮž޲ֻж԰ҫɱԽļᶨ
⵽ߴȻܣʥ³Ѵﵽ100%սϵͳʱά֣Զȡܣܺͽй㣬άֻʥսϵͳʮСʱʮ߷ʮ롣
ųĻش𣬰ҫһִƣеתȫתۼһС죬ʱİҫǾ²졣
Ҫǣڴע룬ʥµѾ˼֮ϣңҫܹоʥµƻֹڴˣƺΪĳûдﵽضĳ̶ȣ»ʥֹڴˡ
ڰҫһ˲˼֮ʣ˷ȶ֣һƺ׾ը죬֮֮У绡磬֦ܵҶ۵ۣϵĶϣƺ
صĹΣգ۲ٶȣɴܵҫǰֱҫţҫæջ˼һ˳ƺӿһ񱬷һŭлʵһ㣬ͺ˷֮ϡ
ƣɽ
䣡
ɢ׾죬Ǳ纣Ļˣͬ񱩵׾ܵľٵһͿ˷ҫԵƾǰߵı쳣𺳣ȴǴһ˿Ц⡣
Ѿﵽ̶ֳôãǳãСһֵԽǿͷҪɱ㲻ɣ˷ҧҧɭȻһȡ
ҫ΢΢һЦڻصǰɹҫôʱ˿Ӧò˰ɣ
˵ûʵϣֻɹɱ㣬б㷴ɱΣգԱɹʸʶĶţӡ˷ѵûߵĿҫ𣬷ƺӰҫͬģԽӰҫ֤ɱҫɡ
ڴʱһǿҵķ羢һ׳ϯ£ڶ֮֮ϣȻǸϵ
֪̬ȣ˷絭Ƴһ˵
˷ҲʲôˣվԼһߣ֮ǰͳˣͻȻּǵУ²Լͬһսߡ
磡Ҫ˼ҫ̾Ϣһҡͷ˵ڰҫȻǳľȻ԰ҫ˵ȻǺһκΰҫĲΪԼôࡣ
Сӣ˼ƨǴСܣ㱻۸֮ݴ벻Ҳϻվͦ㵽ף˭Ҫ㣬缴ǲУҲҪҧһ屡˵˾Ҫҫף˷Ҳ֮⣬ΪУ֣ʲôûС
ҫһ㶣漴չһЦΪ˼صΣֻԼ飬ôж
ʧǳʧңΪľʹĴۣһλᣬ֪㡤ġ̬ȣ˷罫ĸҧļ֮أ˼൱ףԼԼԼļ塣
ĻشҲǼֱֱִֻһһϯ±һҷƣһǷһӨ͸ĵɫĺʵ׸֮ϣ˱쳣䲻
磬Ѹײڶ֮ƣգ۲ʱԳ嵽˷ǰ˫Ȼһ䣬ƾдз羢;ף羢תУһɼҵ꾢ֱ˷ȥ
Զ^񹦣Ƽʻᣡ
̬ȣ̬ȣңڲ͵Ľʧڽ֮У
˷˵һҲǿƣһӣֻһ֮ǿֱз羢ǽѪˣϵɫףһϸܵƣǿĺޱȣ
ɾ֮ʱҫ˲䲹λһбԾ˫ֻƵ£âȸңǵ֮Ʒ˷ͷȵĵƺҪٻ٣ƺòˡ

ԳУСһھüʶһ£ӡ˷ͺһ˫ֽӡ˫۷תԲһɺƺһǣҫĵâĻҲ˫һâ˷ŵһֲʣжĸɸɾ
ӡˮӡ
ҫƱţȻҲϵĺֱײæѹƣԭˮӡֻжҫĵƣҫڵҲͬŵһͿŲ֮ͬ
˷ɭһЦżһ㣬μڰҫǰ˫һһ±任ƣӡһᣬ˫ĿһĽⱬҫ֮Уƺʲô
ӡӡ
˷аҫ㣬˷ӡݺύĺ֮ϣÿһŹǰҫһе·ߣһӡǶϤԷ֮չĴ
ҫػһѪ˫ĿתΪͫͫĻɢۿԵ˫ۻԲתһޱߵж̫֮ǳͼηתǳĽ˷ƾжһߣͬʱһֱ棬˷롣
Ųƣ
һɹĹƶжӦǿķؼŲƣУСӻĻ࣬ͫô˷üһ뵽֮ǰԼĹƱҫж԰ҫչֳʵһȫµʶɹɱҫƺ
˷һ˲ķģǻعһַĹƣ˫Ȼһϣе绡ƳȦһȦȦ绡ѹ򣬴һзƣȭͺ˷磬绡źڵһδص˷硣
Զ^񹦣֣
⧲֮µ˷ʵʵڵһоУֶսһ˿Ĳãĸ־ܹԼһ˲չĴ
˷νè룬սʱɣΪķ񲻽ֻܵһ˵Ĺѣ˵ƥɫâֱϣʯ֮伲䵽˷ǰĵ绡ţ˷չҵĺ
񽣣˽뷢
Ĵ֣ҫľ񽣣鹥ƽ˷׿⣬ĺϻίʵضȥ֮ľ֦ɣǰڵһƻһͿƺޱȡ
ҫͬʱŴ㿴ңҿ㣬ͬʱȻһЦһı飬ҡͷ̾˷Ļȴٴ˻ë
Ȼ˵Ƕ˵Ϲƣף


һʮһ ޲ߵĸоǵƣ
̰ҫ⿪ᣬ»ָ֮Ҳͬ⿪ᣬҲڽռս֮ǰҫ˵˿⿪ᣬҪ񶼿ѧԺԼȫֵһ֤롣
е뷨ҲǲıϣǾǷǵ򲻵ѵʱһĹܲþͲãֻؼʱ̣ٱɱԷһֲ𵽳ʤЧ˵ĵơ
ȻԵľƣԿԳƵ򲻵ˣΪʵǹǿһ㣬ǿе޲ߵĸо
ҫԵħ˷磬ڵĳ֣䱾ʵǿһ˷ָĵزصĳԣʹֱҫǿĹƣҲֻܵƤë˺ˣ˳˿Цʵ޲ߡ
Եǧ¿һǰԵͨ߾ֻͨһͨ͸ͷöǱ
ʮһսܶӳǼʻŻرҲɱ񣬲ɱսħþ԰ΣҪʦһ壬ԼҲҪþ֮УԻ
ԵǿǿǿöһָֻҪһ񴫵ݣܽشʶϵĹôȥ⿪ȥȫԸأû취ʵ޲ߡ
Ե˭ǽһ塮塯һľãǱ˻Ҫ߳Сصľ޽õУǱʩչ˶ص
дᣬ󿪴֮࣬ǳϸʽ仯ڵľΪʵ֮ǿԶ
Խ⣬ѩѱš𸮡ħŵȳǲضãڸ֮壬˲콾ȱȽǣһҶ󣬵֮Ψһ
õֲʮУ·磬ԭµУ׾ٵĻܷ߽һãƵã򵥵ļ飬ɼ֮һ֮УҲ˿֮ƥС
Դ˵ǿУôȥ⿪ᣬƿԼĵƣΪٲƣ¾ûˣ֮ǿڲʩչ£ʵ޲߰
ûн⿪ʱԼǿж޲ߣɽ⿪أʤж٣Ҳֻ˵˵УǰĵˣΪֹǿ֮У˵׼վҪڴˡ
ˣڽӣǾĺң
·İҫͬһʱ䣬ͬĵص㣬ȴͬһ뷨ͬʱǵľٶҲǳһ£ֱԼǰǿжȥľȻʲô˼ɣһǡ
ȿҫԼµǿУ׼ȷĺ˷磬ֻϲ֮࣬ȴС˳񾳸һѣ񾳿˵ǰĽ׾ȣȫһַˮĴڡ
ڽʿ纣ܹԾλսܵˣȻ࣬ҲûУһЩͫӵ߹ԼΪ˽սзѹϵ
ҫľ񹦣Լϻʥ¡ͫѪ֢ԸЩʥĸֻǿвһףԼͬȾʥ۷壬ҲͶϼмʽѣѲ˶Ĺ
ۺʵ˵ҫʵ㹻սڶʤսڶܣܹߣһλʵλս˲֮Уҫڽмֱ˵ǰéˡ
ô磬ҫԼж쳣ˣһнֻǾھǰĽʮĳ̶ȣһĽ֮⣬ﵽ׳񾳵ĳ̶ȣôҪԾ׽սܣǲܵġ
ΪѾ΢漰һռ֮ĲΡνأǿռ֮һڱ֣˵֮ԼӣӶ֮ΪõǿЧ
񾳵ܹ֮ΪЧֱΪ̤նУر࣬Чǹñǿ֮ͨĹЧ
̤նй˼壬ͨƶռе֮ϣ֮С
ģҲǰҫĪƶʽ֮ԼƶʱλҲ˵һ֮ƶֻҪ֮ڵģֻҪһִܵ
ر֮࣬ͨγһʵıĤ㣬ڹߵųɾ֮ͨתƸ֮䣬ؿռڵȥܣʲôǿٱֹ
ҲΪرķҫǿʵϴ˷˺ɶûУƶ˷˵һߣһӵʱָܻ
ҫ˷̤նѿʼԽǴ׳ֱһᣬ˵СܣߣȥûϣסľԮģ绹һпûʩչ֧ŵĻ
ҫһ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬼δصĺ֮˫ĿȻԭǱͫĳɫ˫ͫʱȺ֮ɫۿԵĻҲתѪȺ档
磬ϵĽڣ˵ĳҾԮʲôУţģ㶼Ầ𣿡ҫûƳһֱ۰£̧ǰ
磬ĻͲö˵ʲôˣ㶼Ըͬʹ࣬Сܵô㲻ˣСҲԸȪظһ⡣ҫһ˵
ÿɷһЦƳһ۰ҫ˲ʧɫļʶҲôῴʱҫ״̬ǿҵɱ¾֮ɷ֮˷Ѫ֢֮⣬Ҳûбʲôؼʩչˡ
СӣĻͦ࣬ôֵܣͺúø񾳵ĸֶһҲˬһЦȵ
ҫһλΪһֱ˷ͷ֮˫һչ͵Ļϯķ񹦵İϷѪ֢Ĺӳɣ֮ǿ˷綼Ϊ֮ݣҵġ
ҫ֮֮󣬻񱩵ľѾҪıʵǲ²죬˫һһϣҳѤĻˣκʯ׹أֱ׹˷ȥ˫˳ƺƾ֮ǿޱȡ
ƣռһʽٳǣ
ϵ˫ͬһչԶ^ʮɵĹ񱩵ҷŵ׻ƱϯܵĻľݲеһƬǽ塣
˫ֳצһҷŻɾֵ֮ͣϣ˫צȭһϴʱһľ֮죬羢羢ںγһɷ֮ƣΣһַ׿񾢣ֱ˷ȥ
Զ^񹦣֣
ĵưɣϻзѪ֢µǿһУãǳãԴҴӡûʩչʽϣձһʹ죡
ӡӡ


һʮ ţ뾪ʮ䣡
䣡
һضɽҡȻһ壬һֻ޴ĻеӰǰ޴һݺύα裬ǰеٵһͿȴΨ˲һüĿɮ˷ֺ
ɮ˵ָһַǰɢŵ⣬˫Ŀʼûһ˿ķ϶ϴŵЦܣɱιǰʮɢΡ
鷢ˣɮǰ˺۶ûУ·ոյıֻǻþһ㣬ʵΣҲ֪߶ʲôʼձǷݴݲȵĵЦ
ǧ¿ֱĸɮʵ̾ѹϰУԽ߾ȫɲ˴ʦֺʦľΪʰ·磡ǾͻеӰɢΣһĿ̾
ʩӦˣȻ֪ƶɮĴţһϱа칦Լƶɮʩչͨ߾̽ʩİʩǸĪ֮ԵȻһЦ˵ʵҲǾĪǵһμԼͨ߾̽ˡ
ͨͨ߾һ޾λзʮǰʮ˾֮һ֪֮Чͨ飬鸽壬ôܣ򷨽֮С
ͨ߾Ϊͨһء֮ͨԽڶУ֮ԡͨﱾ෽λУֻҪΧ֮ڣûоľޡ֪ͨ룬һ©ͨһй֮УΡ©ͨϾһм˼ţаմ򷨲ģһпѣѲﲻ
ͨһͨ࣬༴أع֮ڣģΪ⡣
ͨ߾ÿһͨÿһĪ֮ܣԵͨ߾ɹ֮񣬻ûĸͨ߾֮ˣɴʱ˿̵ʷǰһΣǾǰˡ
ԵĹ̽룬˼άͨ߾ʩչ֮£һоȻһƬģǲίʵԵоĪ
ʦˣֻʦһܻס˿ԣʦ˵ؼ䣬£ֻһǣҲɱ֮ˣԵʦȻٴˣ΢Цص
Ե˵ͷͷƺ˼̧֮ͷڵʩõ±аȭɣƶɮڲؾƺⲿĳʩʦ𣬲ǰ
ʦ򲻿˵ʦšģִ̧˿ԵĻԼ֣˵쳣ɭȻ˫ĿȻһаӿ֣գ֮佫ԵְγһɫԲ
ԲڵĿԵüͷһţɭȻޱȵаһױȵѹѹָãԵòԼܶԼʶµҶֻжˣϾ
СͰѱ
ӷСɮֱǰţǰϢ֮ŭ֮ǰСɮðˣ
ǱΨһĵӣ㲻׼֮£ô
Сɮ֮
ţãСҲξͲĲ֮ˣ
īаԲɢΪźУ漴ȥΣǰĿǵͷΪֺܹĸоǾԼǲʲô飬ֻһ뷨ǾǲҪ
·õĶԹȥһʱ䣬ս֮ңϯһڶݵ·Բ׵ľ룬ֳǧ׺ըһ㣬ݲϣһƬǽ塣
ӰһԳԭͣһãһȻˣӶϵҪϲ٣޻ɢŵӫ⣬еۼǻͷģԵñȽǱˡ
һţռϷ磿ʵǡǡ෴ܵˣɱضˣ˵ģʵΪأõƤˣҪصĶĶࡣ
ֳ־޽񾫹ӿһͰԵһ׺ƥǰ޺֮ƣͷ­ȥһ㶼ûϧ˼
ʮ佣
üͷһƣһĿ죬ȥͣȫѹ˵ʽԼҲֻˣֻ˫һҽһᣬöϸСĽƬŰԲλȣ߲ƣŭľ޽ݺ
o˪ĺΪϸ˿ʮ㣬޽֮ʱȻ˾޽ƣֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾޽˲ʧõľ޽֮¡
һת޽ȦɢԼҲӰ֮ܶὣһӣһνâ׼ȷĳڵλȥ
þ׼ü΢壬һһš֮յıܹһâ˿ƮȻ䣬âɳϰףնʮþɢȥΡ
Բӣһ˵ķλĿɲϢ΢΢һЦɻص
Ϣô磬ɷԴһᣬʵ
ܼ򵥣һ˳Է·˯սΧͨȥϸĸܣܹоõģҲǾؼδֻҪûгҵĸ֪ΧεģҲֱֵ˵
Ŷ˵ͷ̧־öƬѶԸѶԸκһϸСܵɰ֮ǰնеƬضǣһ־һѣȡ֮ġ
Ƭֻڵʯ֮䣬ƿնõǰ
΢Цͣżһ㣬μˣϾ޽һ׾ٵĵöƬҪǰһƬâƬз֮ƣתУƱһ㣬ü
ľ裡
һ΢Ц˫ֽս޽ǰμת𣬾޽Ϊͭǽڣصܲ͸磬İʽ˲ð֣һ󶣵ȫ䵲¡
ʮ䣬ǣ
˳пĲ˼飬عֳ֮ʮӰ˲ѽΧʮӰ·ÿһѵһ磬ͣΧ֮ƣŰΧҪҽն
ʮ䣬ǣ
ĿһƲָᵯһöƬΧƣŹѱĻι켣ʮӰһһ˲䣬ʮӰȫʧõ֣һ˼ı飬̧һƬ顣
㣬㣬ܣϢλֶΣֻǾʣʩչôᡣ
ʲôܵģҲѰֻܵҪչëףƽ
˫Ŀһɣ֮ǰǰɵЦݣоԼƿʼеˡ


һʮ ǰһ̣״Ԫĸ
ռս֮ϣսѾ൱ʣһʧ֮սսõõѹϣƹһ·һݵ㣬зΪʤ֮ơ
κκþ·֮˰ҫˣ谭Ķڹһĵڶݵ֮⡣
ԵǿУǹһľ֣·İҫȻصڶݵǰӣҲ⵽һνսָӣڳ˷ľѻɴھԵ·硣
·ǾãԷĽ֮ǿ֮Ϊ֮ߣҲͬѹϾʴϻۣ˾Ĳ֮أͨϢǿΧΪֵ䱾ʵȻһ¥Ҳס˾ơ
·֮ɵһˣֻʵȥǧ¿һĸֿԵľƱҫҲòȥ
ֻĪʦƺͷֻһԵԹԵĲ˹ݵ㡣
⿪ʮһܶӳħþԼصĵڶݵ㲻ŲʣʮһܶӳɱУΧڶݵķˣȻǳĽ̸
ˣ··İҫΣյһԼǿɱУȴɵв˷߳ɹµӡ
һжӡ壬ǿֲ׾Ҫһ㣬ɢ˶˵Ĺƣ˶˵ҽԲһﷶΧڵһΪƽء
ڣҫҪлʥ»壬Ҳͬһ³ֻǻʥ¾ҫڵľһ㣬͸֧˼ޣôǿзȥֻбһ;
ҫҲ֪һ㣬ڲɵľʥ³ܣҲ˷һһʽȲ˴ʱ˿̵ƣҫԹر˻ʥ˹ܳһٻ
ʱһҰ֮ɫİҫѵǭ¿ǿ֮ĩľ棬ڵɣֵҰϢѪ˵˽ˣҫԼľ
ڰҫþһָӲٿԾһӰһٶȣƿϣֱҫڵķλȥ
ҫȥǵѪգ˸Ц񾳣ǳ񾳣ΪԼþеƣ²ʤһаʽҲܱסɣɴʱƺСѱأ
СһڽУ뾳Ϊܿ±߳ɹµһжѾ֮ˣƽֶֻ֣ù
㽻ˣҲţҪǵ£֮ʣгһձȻҲգձһԴҲźˣ˷绺˵
֮Ǿʥ֮һħͬ԰ҫ˰֮ģֻааҫɱɣ˷аҫǷɡ
ˣ֮ǰҫֻϣǰܹӦȥҳ𰲷һþ£˷ǰЦ
˷һ·±в˷˵ͷڵ
һϣǰҪΪҴԼļ壬ȭֻΪҫһƽҲǾˣҫڻȪظϣԼϣǰܹӦҫһۻȥЦ
˷˵ͷڵܺãֵ߽ȣôһǰΪĽֵܣҲһ£Ӧ㣬󲻻ˣһΣ
ҫ΢΢һЦȭһ񣬿ڵлǰڶϣǰֿܳһ㣬ҫͷ­£ðҫվ֮˶
ҫһ䣬ͦأ˫Ŀ˵ɣȻӲӮûǿԮ֣ȻǱ֣֮ôԼ׳һɣ
ãСһһӣӦ㣬˲һж֮ˣ˷˫Ŀһɣȵ
˷бҫȾȻаа˷ƷԿʮʮӢҫϲġ
ҫ޿ģὫҫĥǰҫҲԸƵľٶ˷ж֪СԼٱСһȻһء
ҫȭ΢Цͷٶԣ˫Ŀһգһ̣ԭԼ֪Ѿôǣңһ·ʵֵܣһӰԺ֮УһٻӰͣǰЦݸ
ѾͷҪúõĻȥҪŶĻҫѰҫ΢Ц߶һ䡣
˷΢΢ͷһƺֱҫȥһ˲䣬ǧ֮ͻȻһķĿһּĻŸӿͷ
ⲻǿеĻţĳҪĶҪԶȥĻţԴһƫɴ˫ۣǰҫڵķ漴缲磬Ǹ򼲳۶ȥ
ǰҫ磬ǰҫ磬ûܸоĵУҫ粻ܳ£Բܣоʧţ˵ԽԽţͬʱٶҲԽԽ졣
ʱĶͷϳһöֵǱͼƣٶȸǳʥڸеٶȣѾԸڿˡ
ΪĶãô׵ķ뿪벻ҲУΪãЦһ߸ߴϣֱһ׿͸֮ڣ±ǽӲӵĽ
߽ӵԱվһͷӡЅeַӡɮˣڽעúȥ׷ҲֻѣΪԼʵ
Լľ޽ɮһĳҵͷһԼס֮һˣϨ˻𣬰ϣ˵ȥˡ
ʦԸΪε𣡡
ֻʦֵģʦҸʲôҾ͸ʲôҪҽ
ǧҪҾһʣһʶѣͷճʦˣ
ŶԹŰɣһ£һʱԶʧģһҪȥأ
ǰɮǿԵİʦܿλڿԵпһѧΪ֮ˣǿ̸ֹ볣죬ûб˿Եǵ˵ķϰԣʵںΪ߹ԵˣҲ֡
еĴʦֿճƺʮ㣬򵥵ļ仰ŵû겻壬ʧɫƺԿճһжΪ壬λǧµĿֱһˣʵǸĪ⣬쳣
˽̸֮󣬿Ҳãһ𣬳·ٷɴܣٶȿľˣһգ۵ĹԶȥ١
ԭˣʦҸʦֻأöʦӦ⣬ҼʱԮ־ŮʩǴʦΪʲôҪôأҫʩʩôҪôˣˣʦ˵Ļ϶ûǾҪ˦˦ԴԺеȥǰС
ڿŰҫȥ֮ʱ·ԵҲͬʱŰҫķȥ֮ǰһ̣Ƕͬʱյ˴֮ǸȥԮҫҲֱӷȥ
ҫ˫ĿѾо˷ƾɾڴʱһը죬漴ݺݵһƺʲôƿն˰ҫԣҫԼҲûԴҵĸо
ҫ˫ĿʶȳϹף
ٺ٣״Ԫĸʱոպأ


һʮ 񶼣
ҫеزԭ־Լȵľһ̣û뵽·תǧһ֮ʣϹĪƿնһֱס˷ĺ֮ƣҫΪġ
üһǹŹǰһأҫаһķĲûб֮ǰһ̣ǷеһУոǽһ̣ŵС
˷ʱͱΪϹ׵Լɱһնһ˲䣬˷ĵһӦϲ
ûϲΪҲ̫ɱҫж԰ҫ쳣ֹͣаһ
ǰϹ׵ҵģȥϹͨͨԼץסֱǯסֶã񾳵ʵϹǰȻҲĸоɼϹ׵ʵȻ֮¡
СӣûˣȥռսĴҴǻ񶼡Ϲɿ˷ͷҲص˵
ҫ˲üͷʵǻ񶼣ɽսûдѽ
ƨս˵ôȺŪộԭΪ˵ɽ񶼾˳ɵľȫǣƵռսڣǹһصսѾʼ񶼱ˣϹһķߺ֮⣬Ķ˷粻ţеɱ쳣Ũ޲ý˷Ƥһ㣬Եú
ʲôҫȻʧɫ񶼱֣Ϣһ㣬ͺڰҫԺУʵǾ춯صĲС
ԭˣⳡžսֻ˶ѣ񶼰ҫüͷ˫̫ѨԼ侲ϸ˼ǰľơ
˳ɾǣ˿ռսһܹˣ񶼵ĿƼսҲǳصģĽҲҪʧزǣҲδ񶼡ǿϹ׵ɫƺ᧿Σ
ԣûô򵥣ǧĥֻΪһɱУȻܹǣ񶼾һУôһквǣĻֻƾһ񹥴񶼣Ҳ̫Ϸһ㣬һıʿӦûô
ҵĻôڲ°壬ԼжӦ֮ƣͬʱŸӵףӦϣ壡ˡҫͷ˼һ󣬺Ȼ뵽ʲôʱо²
ǹžսǹ֮٣бһıѾãΪҫһˣаŴʥ֮һħġ
ڹžսʼ֮ǰҫѾħĽ֣ʱħ󷨣Ԫ壬ռ籶ҫ֣ǰʮͼıˣƺħĸаܲɷֵĹʮа˾žǹ䲼µİ塣
ҫ󵨵Ĳһ£ħܹƾԪռ籶壬ôǰʮأӦϿӦָľʮˡ
ʮȻ٣ÿһڣԼضְλҲ֪񶼵ؼڣҪʹڲƻĳЩҪĹؼ㣬Ҳɵĺܡ
Ҳ˵ʮҪΪôе񶼾Σˣңҫоİ²ֹʮˣûзֵģصļ֮
ҫһͬʱҪȥǻʱһƷܵ¶ȶʱʮȣ쳣
һٻӰٴҫߣץŰҫļһͿǾòԵý֣ץŰҫţǼ϶
ããû¾ͺãû¾ͺãһʧ߶ţ˵ĻȻǵļ˰ҫİΣ
ѾͷľΪҫɴ˫ۣǾȵĿҫΪʲôȣΪʱ˿̵ڵΪ
ûұľΪΪǧиҵģָָͷǱ״ͼƣ˵
o˪ӡѩѱĶԼãҪѩѱϹԿӡĽǰŮ˷üͷһƣʵ
ǣ˰ҫ磡ǰһüɷʮֵŨңһ˷˵ļơ
Ѿͷڲʱߣҫס󣬿˵
ڴʱƷԵϵϵһأ˿ǰľƣԵеɻ
Եãסҫˣ˷һԵʦֵܣһɣ˵
ӷʩŪˣʦֵܶ˷ʦ֮ȥ·ģԵȻһЦڱ⡣
˷ʱü΢΢ҡͷ˵һǧ£Ϊ˶ס̫쿪ˡ
˷Ī֣Ѿ֮ǰսΪƽصУܳӰһΪף˷󣬿ǵٶȣҲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
Ϲ׿˿ԵʦֵܶˣҲ˵ʲôŤͷŰҫ˵߰ɣԪ״ˣָ˻ȥ϶ʲôطõǣｻǰɣ
ҫ˵ͷʹ˸ɫͬʱͷһɿȥǶһ˲䣬ǳ̧־ö磬ףҫˡ
Ǹ߸𣬳һְ˾һ֣ͻȻ֮ģҪȻȻֻ˵ٶȱֵٶȻҪ졣

һݵӰһ߽ӲӵĽӣǰöײڽ֮ϣӵһӣöӵķ֮ķ顣
λʩȥҸʦڣ費ǵģҫ˵סǿԵİʦܣ
лҫ˵ͷлһͬˣٷɴǿռսĴȥ
ӣ˷һδ󺺣һձϵĴ󵶣Űҫ˵ıӰһΪ͵ĵâ
𣬼򵥵һƾͽâĵķ飬ƮȻ֮ƲƲŴ˵λʩ͵Ϯ̫ðɣôƶɮԸ͵ģ
ãӾͼʶʶǧ¿һǷǰ˲𡣡һȣֱȥҲͬͬʱĳſԵ˳ȥ
Ƿ˷ۣ߶һţۣԵһۣ˱ȥӰһײӰһҵľ磬սһ
㲻ỹҪȥ׷ǰɣϹ׿ǰ˷磬Цһ˵
ŪˣҪֻס񶼴ڴ˶ѣɱҫֻǸԣ㣬ľӣǱ񣡡˷Ǹ߸Ц
ߣ
Ϲһŭ죬һ̤ըһӣ˻ΪһӰ˷ȥ˷ҲʾĵĲһϹ׵ǰȭƶԺ䣬һ֮졣
ǰݱҫڣϵ˿ռսĵĿյϣǰһѵȺʱ
ҫ٣٣ܶӳϹָӹҰǣó鰴ťݸҫˡ
ҫ˽ӹ֮˵ͷһť˶Ȼʧǰҫ˱˲Ƶ֮ǰһĻ˶סˡ
ԭٵ񶼣ս֮С


һʮ ʦڣǸˣ
յûʲôɳͶæµķΧУÿ˶æԼͷϵ飬ʹռսڵսٲңЩͨ˵ҲֻǷĵĻѡ
˵սúԶ񶼺Զû˻ʶ֮񶼣Ϊ񶼣ᱻս֡
ʱ¥ǧ֮ĸ߿УһƻɢٲһӰռ֮дڸ߿֮ϡ
һƵߣһ欵òŮӣһ߰˳ߵĸߴ׳һͷԵĺͯΪ׵һ꣬һ˫Ϊ˫ͫһϯٲĺɫԼһµĿ
Ļڰ߶һ䣬΢΢һЦЦݱŮ˶Ҫˣī˫ͫңŲԶ¥ǰٲ¥һ㡣
СӣҲе̫޷ˣ˵ҵĵ𣡡һصĻ֪ӺδƮ˵Ķߣ֮ƺԴ񶼵˼Ϊŭ
⻰£һͻأĳǰޱȵˣ·Ҫطٻ٣ɢȥͬӰΪһˣ񶼵Ԫף
һĿǰˣͬ˪ˣԼ絶񣬱ԼеĲ֮顣
񶼵λָӹ֣Ҷ޼䡢Լȫ־ֳүӣʮȫ̤նǧ֮ߣ˴֮Ե쳣أ˵һսǧ֮ϵĸ߿кݺݱ
ǰò񣡡ò΢΢Ƿһ΢Цʺ
޼Ǵ촰˵ʦڵ⣬Ӧòֻ밲İɣĿޱ˵һ˫ɫ˫ͫĶ겻š
ûǰ꣬ǽеа𣬾Ŵ󳬼֮һΪĪĳƶ֮ˣа޼˳Ʋа
ʦڣǰˣֻǴĸǰѽ޼΢Цص
㵱Ϲô˵СţΪҿ˫ͫ΢΢ת˵һӣһŭһֱ޼˶ȥƺޱȣѵ
ϯɳ޼΢Цͣ·ǰ֮𣬲˵ֺһ㣬Ե쳣
ʵϵȷˣڻ޼ǰ׵ľʱƺܵеĳ谭ɿɢսǧ׵ľ룬γһƬĿĻ𺣡
ʱȺҲе쳣κЩĿޣͷȥһƬ֮⣬濴ʲôãֻܾ£һ飬Ƭָָ㡣
ȻҲһЩĿȽǿڣ˵ݼٵĺ˲ųԱԼһЩʿ߹ǣǵһеڷ˼ˡ
ҲǿɲЩͨǰֻſӣǶսѵصľӢΪӢô¼ʱһӦ𾪣ڶӦԼϼ㱨
ؿ֮ϣڻ𺣷ϯһֶ̻֮һըɢɢ֮󣬳޼ɲֻ˶ѣʮŸŮ٣̤֮ϣŭĿӡ
СӣⶼʦڵĻôңýʲô̧һָʮˣ˵
ʲô¶ǰٶҲҪǰ˵ʲô˰ɣҺǣǰӦøǰк˰ɣΪʲôǰҪأ޼Ǹ߸Цݱаɭɭ˵
ûǸǣΣϹΨһ֮ôĵ̶ռˣʱǧ꣬ΨһһĶֵأҲ᲻̫˵㣡Ļص
޼΢ЦҡͷɴݵڻصʵҲǾҪϾɱʵǱΰ
ǣòа񣬹缸аһҶ㲻룬˭ܱƵ㲻ɣֱ֮Цһص
߶߶û꣬ʹ˵˰ɣǴ˷ǰΪ£һ£һ汦ƥﻳӦöڶ£ƷѹǸˣ޼δ󺺣ܲͷĸȵ޼ҲûΪ
Ǳ̫û߽ôСɫڱǰָֻŵģʲôû˵ķݣһȥ
˫ĿһɣǱδ󺺶ȻһǰĻȻʼͣŤͬʱһǿҵѹëըֻһ񣬾󺺾ʧ
󺺺ݺݵҧҧһ˳һȭǰŤռ飬֮Ļ汩罫˳ɣȻĿռ֮ٻ٣յ಻ԡ
ڴ̲֮࣬סҪҺʱ޼ͯ̾һ΢΢ҡͷ˵ʥֻһûôСѣֺαظƽأȥ˵ԴСҲÿ
⺢ͯ˵ãһ˵˺ȻޱȣԭӦɤȴԵüΪͳɳƣһӵеɤһ㣬˺ܲ
ͯƳһŭĴ󺺣ཱུС֣Ŵ󺺸һ㣬һȦȦɫĲ֮ɢ󺺻̼ɢӰ٣ڡ
ʱĴڣð̣ԭƸһͷȫһţһɽζɢʵǱԸӡ
ۿѪݺݵĶţֻͨոյ˲ӴҲ֪ԼȫĶֻ֣һ񴫵ݾŪ˹ǱҪ涯֣Լ²һ֮
Ȼ裬ڶһǿ˵ҲֻĿȥйԼķŭ治жľٶԹԵվڳ޼һԲ
ߣһҷ͵Ĺѵһôˣ㣬ȪʲôʱҲСӻ쵽һˣ簡мƳһǱĴ󺺣ͯ˵
ʥо仰ΪΪӦ˵ʲôɣͯҡҡͷڻص
ǽļƣǾԲưոݵİɣ˵ĶôŮ˵ͷ˫ĿֱżΪ欱¶òŮӶȥеɱŨҵ󣬾˴ʲô֮Ƶġ
¶ȥˣôڻδ̫С˵ɣòŮٲȻһЦǴݰףüĿ续˪ѩҪ͸绨չЦգһ˫ǵƳһۣԽ֮
ЦһòŮӵ̬Ϊڵܰ磬㵨ӻǴûˣͲһնˣǣʲôʱѾʼˣ
һﻰ£޼˽ǺݺݵüͷһıᵽɤۣЩ֪ʶĻ˵ʱǸˡ
ǸûɱһɶˣǸԴ֮޵µˣǸڣ˵ĻᶼûУڳΨ佻һʣµЩˣһ£ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬱ᱻնĻҷ
˭ǵǿߣ˸һʫŽһУžΨɣ


һʮ 󷨣벻񶼣
ΪڣҲŸҪڵĻ˭ﰡòŮ΢ЦĻصȥڣʵͿʼɹ治ǸˣĻˣⷽûܱ
ǰǾֱ˵°ɣ֮ǰ£ֻҪǰ裬£ҳ޼Ѱ˵֮Ͼ뿪һשһߣΣ޼ڵ
Σ㻹˵׵ĸ㣬ҪûУҲߣĻص
ҵȾ͵ˣ޼Цһգ˫Ŀ΢΢аɷ֮գίʵޱȡ
ôģΪԼ˶࣬׵ҪˣҵҲ٣һЦһ̧˸ָİ׿⣬񶼰ٲ¥֮УʮһӰɳһĹ򣬾վ֮С
ǰʮһˣȨλʵԪ֮µʮָӹ٣ٿ񶼶ָӲָӹϹףڿռսϸƴ⣬ʮһָӹȫ
ֻʮһλָӹٸУƳȣаתڿУɼǵ򿪷̶ѵƽĶ㣬ѹƣһսʮ㣬״̬õĲٺá
ԾΪ׵ʮһˣҪԵĵˣǳ޼Զһ˺αװʮˣ˴Ȼе㲻СĲ࣬ǿҪֲܼ
޼ۼʮһ˵ĵҲ˵ʲôЦǰзƣеͶ˼
ߣбҲֻδѶѣ޼ôܣôڣҲӲ񶼵۾֮ǰħ͵͵Ǳ磬һ̿ʼҾ뵽ôһ죬ֻΪ׼ˣǸ߸ص
ǰСģȻǰᵽħĵ飬ôһ䣬ǰ֪ħ͵͵ǱĿô޼׳һ⣬һûа취͸⡣
аʥ֮һħߣ˸񶼲Ȩĸ߹٣ƺ񶼵ڲһ̶ȵƻڲĻңжȷǺ޳ɹ
˵Ǳҫ˵йħľôݲձһַµΪ֮ǰµǰʮöҲ֮񶼳ױ⡣ԭΪѾڶ䣬Ǳ޼ٴ𣬵һֺܲõԤС
ǰһ룬ħΪʲô£Ÿոհ¶ֱȥǾĲµİ嶼Ҫˣֻ֮ززܲΣô޼ٴɭЦЦ
ʵɣǰ㵱ϣֱɱǰʮҲͰˣֻǱĻǺҵأ
һһĸһȻʧɫҶ޼ȱȳ֪ͨ߼ܣϵͳڵ±ٶȣǰʮȫҶУ
ˣڲ뵽ɱеѽ޼ЦԽԽʢͲûЦ
ʱصʮһָӹһ̣޼һһֱӿĿռԶǧգ֮䣬ھɽ֮ϵħߵԺС
ʼɣ
ħ߶ȻۣԼȵľһֻ̣˫ĿһɫⲪȻ緢±һɫ΢⣬Ԫ˲壬ΪһɫĹʱ䣬Դ֮ܽڡ
Ŀռ϶ħ˵ƺ𲻵κεã׾ٵı㴩͸ʱħߵԪѾ߼֮ϡ
Ԫ̬µħߣֱһչ˫ĸʮϸܵ˿ߣһֱ£͸һķʩֱص׽ǧ׵ȣﱻ߼֮Ϊ
һޱߵĿտƽ̨ŰʮԲÿһ˿ߴ͸ͬʱӵ汻֮˵ڡ
ħľ󷨣һذʮ
ħüͷһɣǸ߸˫ֺݺݵסǰʮ˿ߣ˫Ȼһᣬʮ˿˲ıֱԭİʮ˼˫Ŀ漴ԲȫըΪһصмһּľ֮
Ʒİʮˣ˶֫չһ̣˫Ŀ֮ŵɫľתЦݣһȺһɷ֮࣬һɢȥ
ʮӺ񶼵߼ңʩȥ߳࣬ʮӺܱӳİʮΧʬڰʮƷĵʮӣʮȫӳ߼
Ԫ̬µħ֮УһЦĿһУϵ˿ɢȥȺԽԽԶ·Զᱻһ㣬ħߵС
񶼶ʩܲ˫մѪգаЦĿǰʬ壬ܲеĹԱʿѾʮ˵С
ԭҲֻͨ˺һĹᣬڴʱ˿ȴ൱ڵʵɱ֮ܲ󣬹ڴ񶼶ϵͳָͣİռ̣ȷ
һָ֮󣬾ԽԽӵʱ䣬Գʧζʱһţ¶˱ò
ʧһ̣ܵȺɽ֮ϣӿֳľʿ޾Ӱ·˰ٵĳžкѹѹһƬ嵽жˣֻ֪һƬĳضΪֳ֮Ļ漫ġ
˺ƽֻǰϷ֮ĺɫдẒ́б򾩶ĵ㣬ǰĵľǧǰⷽرʱһģһ
ֻι˵ⷽԭס֮񶼶ûˣôûԭסûϹһ˵ˣ˵ĵǰ
ľٶ类Ⱥ֮Ȼֻ˶ѣ񶼵جβŸոտʼΪħߵԪ񣬿ɿ˰ʮˣҲֻȺ˵İ˷֮һѡ
ʣȺΪ˸򣬳񶼸ҪĳȥĿԼȷҪľеķϵͳʩȫ̱
棡ϵͳʩԱǿƹرգ
棡񶼶ռβԱǿƹرգ
棡񶼷ͤսԱǿƹرգзϵͳʩԱǿƹرգ
棡ߴзϵͳʩԱǿƹرգݿܵݹݶϵͳ봦ݱϵͳϵͳӦʩ棡ռϵͳ̱ݹԳʣϵͳã
جģһجһиԴֱ£˶ʱһͬʱ˫Ŀеŭ𼸺Ҫշٻ٣ȫڳ޼ϣɱˣ޼Ѿǧˡ
ˣˣԭˣǺư޼ǧһɥȻƵˣ㻹湻Եģҧźŭ
ǰˣֻһЩССıѣֵһᰡ
ǺǣҰѻ˵꣬ķûб㹥ƣҲں޵ֿأ
ǰγԣ
һ֪ˣ̹ţϵͳ


һʮ ȫ֣ϵͳ
һ籩ʱǻôܼһߴĽ㵽꣬ⴱﱻ籩ݻأôһֻܽ忿ȥԼˡ
񶼾һ˷ӣھܿ籩ˣ̱ųɵķϵͳʩνķӣ纣˰Ĺǿ籩ꡣ
񶼱ھֻʣϵͳ˶ȥǿ籩ĹˣȻҪϵͳΪƺе㲻̫׼ȷȽ׼ȷĳƺӦóΪײŶԡ
񶼵ķϵͳʩȫ汼ֱ֮жȥеαװΪͻأĳھϡ
Ĵڵгȫԭεһ̣ñ˸ţֱֱûȫ񶼵ķ
⡢ֻ̡šɱ¾ΪĲкУһ㳯Ӷȥ
ûзϵͳʩڷûľӽܲûгƼս豸ûл˴ǹأ񶼵ķֻһСʱʱѳݡ
Ҳֻʣ𣬶ΨһľֻϵͳˣķֶΣܱܲסҪϵͳжǿ
ʵҲƸһأݵ֪ͨûһ˿һע⣬ʱעȫķΧ˵ǴȻ޷أǾͱסֻ֮ҪñҪؽҲʲô¡
ԣǿеŭı飬ͲûγѪ˫ȭ߬ţͲûãƱǿҪľֻһ£ǾζҪסҲϧһдۿϵͳԭ
ϵͳô޼һȻ΢ЦţȴǶϵͳǣΪ鱨вûϵͳؽܡ
Ҳ˵һϵͳĴڣ˼ܣ¾κڵĳ޼˵һǴΪѿԸӵĳ̶ȡ
жԭһ֣κεطƵˣȴƫƫ©ϵͳĴڣ˿̵ĳ޼֪ϵͳжǿ᲻Ϊжڡ
޼׼൱ֵ֣񶼵һָƣǣΨϵͳȴˣ֪ΪʲôôһŬԼ侲ų޼˵
Ӧ׷ϵͳֻǰһ֪ڣҲֻһܿ԰ɣ޼΢Цص
ɣ֪ϵͳڵˣҸҵܵûеˣϵͳλѧңҲºĨȥ˼䡣֪Ϊʲôôһ˿Цݣڵ
޼ҲûػҡҡͷƺеصһУڵΪΪ˷ֹϵͳĿԣͬʱϵͳΪԶ֮ȥجΣ
޼˵Ľ̸ţ˫£ͼ͵Ķսһţϻǰ˽Ƶ˻ıԵ񶼵ĸô̵ܻȥѵҪȥս񶼸ҲʲôƢ
Ĭ£ʳ޼ǣ޼ҲǵʲãһΪʮⱬԷ
˫ƻԳ꣬һײ˲䱬һֲֿ˲㣬ɫನƵƵװըıըʱʱ쳹أ˫ӰϽһʱҲֲʲôӣսѽѷ֡
جΣǰ᲻еˣ޼ɵЦ
ᣡҿǺڸʵɣجѾʼˣŹֵĻص˫Ŀ̧ͷ죬˫ȻչƺҪͶյĻһ㣬ɶ⡣
ɾ֮Ĵʮ𱬷һ㣬ҵĶԵλǧƽ׵ĵҷֿһ׵ľ޶Ǿ޶ڴһĿХ
ĽҲͬһ޶һ޴ĺӰĺǻʣת˲ԳƯڰ֮С
ӴҪϰٱֹĽṹ׾޽һһٵǿҵըӾǰȻԼԵͬʱֵߣطνˣ
ʳɫ̰ŭ裡ˣ޼㣬ǲ°¶׵ݣǾͲֵƺױȵġ
ƵȷͲ֪Ƿﲻһˣ޼ȻЦĿתĶǾ֮һŭ
Բ֪ˣ̧һָ޼ıŭֳֳ׿׵ľ޽̧־һնǷ·ܽնİνâֱ޼ȥ
޼ۿŽâ۾գһ£â׵ľʱͻȻһȦռһ룬޼˫ͫСâֻһ˲ƿ˿ռ谭޼ǰ
޼ұһӣâ飬쳣࣬΢Ĳռ֮סâĳûļô£
óĺɻӣɣŭĹӵĿռƵ񶯣ǵĿռ֮ûа취ģصĶܣܹÿһεĹһǿң΢Ц˵
޼ɫһ֮һıŭ˵ǻһߴɱȥƺûʲô˲ģ޼к£ԳƵ뻯޵ˣ뻯Ҳδֵ˺á
ģĿ겻㣬ֻڱϣ˰֣ıŭٿյϥһ漴ͬʱͷһ鼫СȱڣɢһϸŵƵɢȥ
Ƶǣɱߣһ
һƵĴͻˣ˫ĿȻܺñȺһĹȥһѪʢ磬չ
ˣʶĶʶˣ˵ķϻҲ˵ˣСӣñ𿴿ô㾿˶٣ʮжӲ£Ǿ͸ҹԹԵĹȥϹͣ˸ŤŤӣЦ
ǰУ޼˫Ȼ£˫ĿаɭȻһɳа⣬˲ǿƥӿһߴ׵аӰ޿ƥеаչǰ
໹Ҳ֮ˣѹ޿֣Ǹ߸ʥֱʣƥΪһƬյĻתУ𺣷֮֮࣬лһʥӰǻʥʵջ𽣽ܣսȻ
Ӱٿԣ˫Ӱµĳ޼˴˶һۣŭ˿һɱӿ˫һӰֱԷȥ
ԶӰݺݶײһذ˱ǽķΧǧ֮µĵһ㺧ޱȵ쫷磬ûƤһһĻƣ˵Ըӵĵز
ķռ֮ĵ򣬵ǽǰˣĹȫĿɿڴĿǰȻ֮ĲҺѪ⣬쳹Ƭ֮䡣
񶼵ĵֿһ̳ױ


һʮ ؼʵ󻯣
˫糹׿ս֮һСʱҫ˵Ӱٲõ¥ףǰľǾǲС
˵ǰкս֮ڣ֮ϣӰͣؽԶУĿڣħӰڼҵĶԺ䣬ÿһʽĶƴɵľԼ쫷ɢİҫкȻޱȡ
ţʲôҪܣѾ׵İΧˣҪиԵҪȥɣ֮Ｏϣٰ취ǴͳȥһͳĻ˵ԺУҫһ㶣ɤ˲Ҵϸ
һӺͬʱһڣ˴˵ͷһСģһɴܶȥķ񶼵İٲ¥ķԼסҫķ񶼵һǡ
ʱ׿֮ϣ޼Ƴһ۰ҫȥķ򣬳ǰЦǰסңΪǣСܳɵʲô£
ɱС⼸С˵ڲõĽЩСΪ޼ĸ󻼣аʹ˸УҲ˵˵ôһЦ̵
ǰԼǣнģ޼չһЦЦصĿڻص
бڣûᣡĻص
ǰڣȻûģҷҲδضҪΪģаеǸҰ¡޼ЦŻص
һ£һը죬һʵ׵Ȼһһ米󱳴󵶣ü۵ڳ޼쳣ĵϥء
ڣкηԸ
ĿһʥӰͻȻһӰʧ٣һӳڳ޼ͷͷһŭ£泤˵ѹҪ޼նڽ¡
޼βаӰһȭ죬ǿȭƺҪͱȭʮϯֱϣʥӰĻ泤Ӳһһɿ񱩵ĻȻɢ޼Ӻͷû
֮ǰˣ㿴ˣȥɱǣҪʬȥ׷Ǹӣ޼ͷҲصķԸҲ໰˵ͷ֮󣬻Ϊһ׵âԶΡ
޼㲻Ҫ̫ˣҫ⣬ɱպӦ˵Ĵ٣üͷһ壬
ǰҪȥ裬ɴ߹ǣֻǣǰƺûͰ޼Цһ֮⡣
ߣŭĿͷһöɫͼƣʥӰʱʵʥ纣˵֮𣬱쳣ҡ
ʥؼ壬ʥƣ
ǰǴƴôͷˣ޼ˮ˵Ƥת˵ɫݶͷֱ򦣬һˣƥаӰʵʣͷһ쳤Хƾޱȡ
𶥷幦Ϊ֮ˣž񣬽ĶսƱҪ춯أž
һ֦ʱɱǵİҫ֮ǰǵĻϸ˵ҪԳ񶼣εֱȻıѾãͨĹѾϵͳ֮⣬ĸ֣ӣиԵҪȥɣϸã
ȣҫȥһǣĻʥ˹ܣǲķӲĹܣϵͳģҽ¾ˣȥȡպдã
ȥԼסƽùסһҪãܵˣܲܰȻ뿪Ҫˣ
ȥٲ¥ϹŽһ㣬ʦһ˵ıдãҪõ֡
񶼽˴ѣһὫ䳹׷ֻպҪû뻯ΪǲˣԣСһǽӣûǣ¿ҪСˣˣɣ
ҫ̫ѨԴۣԴӲμӹžս֮ڣûͣʵǷĺܡ
Ȼֵ񶼿ȥܿԼʵҲ岻֣зȥϽӰʱ޿̲ʵСĺܣҪҲҪɰɡ
ȻҫľΪԶûдﵽĳ̶ȣпʼĸ̾ΪԼʵͬȽѾϰμ⣬ɸͷϵЩ߱ǲʮֲֹ
ҫ̧֮ܶ࣬ͷգӰһδεĽ׺һδɢ̾ϢһԽļᶨһ죬ҰҫҲҪ̤֮ϣһϳ̣
ۣۣۣҫ㿪㿪Ҫײ
ҫɴ˫ۣдһզզĴԼһźڵ㣬ڷٵĳԼ׹ڵԽԽҲԽԽҫһüͷ
ôôָܷӹ١ҿ֮ҫŵãܷ׹λƫþڰҫڵλãҫȫеһȻһضɽҡһŵ̳
üһָӹ٣ôڰɣǰܷϰڵ£ֻʣ°ð棬һԴСҫڵϣһ֪ľһߴܷҪһֹš
ըѣܷ֮ϵĳȻһ񱩵ȭѹεɫȭӰһɽĳŰҫܷ£ǿҵĺХûը˵ĶĤ׺
ɵŵĴȥܷҫݺƿſСɽȭӰֱȥһɫķգۼϳɣһֻȭӰСĴɫƣסͷϵľ޴ȭӰȭƶײչһʱ˭Ҳѹ¶Էɾ֮ơ
ָӹ٣ǣҫȵĿǴɫľԵеãȻ
㲻֪ô򿪷ٷ֮ʮԺ󣬾ͻרؼҵʵ󻯣ֻҪĵģܾ󻯳
ˣôص񶼵ģսǱ߻ûɣ˲Ĵܸܷ׳һ⣬ʵİҫе㷢£֪Ӻ˵𣬵ȻֳľƣҲֲϸϸ˵ֻܼҪ˵
εĹžսǹһıĿľΪ˽񶼾ųɵľȫǣڿռսϣǾͿԳˣҫ˵Ľ͵
ģԭˣ˵ﹷ飬ôôӣ粻Ǿʱ򹥴ԭԤıܷ˵ϵӴ˼֣ҪεɫȭӰ飬κȭӰʵڼޱȣܷ޷֣εɫȭӰɢ١
ȭӰɢһ̣һĿ࣬ٸ˵ӣܷǰֱ̧һȭۣεɫȭӰٴηɳ֮ǿʵֹ˵ȭܵĿռѹ岻ϣкܷ
ʮ·棬׾вأ


һʮ 󻯣ǵı
ֲȭѹҪϢεɫȭӰɢĿĹʣܷݺݵҧҧԴӸӽԼһֱǰ෴٣˵ǱӺݺݵһ٣ʵᡣ
ܷͬ˳һȭɫķһúʮ׵ǽڣҪεɫȭֵھȭǽʱ񿨳붹һ㣬ǽں飬޷ֺ
¿ƴǽҲһǴȻƵҲȭӰݻһ㣬ͷҲ֣ܷ˫Ŀһ˫ƺʮɫƽȭӰݺѹ飬ȼü֮
ֻһȭͱƵܷǱѣչܻԷһȭ֮ɼʵ֮ǿλе֮һ
ʱȣҾͲ˷ʱˣôż϶Ҫ£¾ȥ죬㵲ܷ˫Ŀһ̶û뿪ӣͷҲص˵
ƾ㵲סôһЦܷʵѾ׶ԼоԵĲбܷܽʰ
ʵܷҲûеĲʵҲȷǿ־󻯳ıҲǾдڣκһｵһӵȭͷʵǿĺˣܷԴеҲƥӵȭͷ
ʵʵ󻯵ǿȥά֣Ҳ˵ԽḻԽ㣬ҲԽǿһûеߵĳǿܡ
⼼Ҫ䵽īسɹ棬ʶ̵УǻûһˮãҪ䵽Իãʶ㲩Уܱû֮ܡ
ٸ򵥵ӣ󵽵ǿһǹΪǿֻǹѣô󻯳ǹǿˣĶּǿǵأǽͲڶ˵ʲôˡ
ԣҲǿѨ磬Ϊܷ֮ǰ󻯳ĶѾʼظˣ֤ܷѾĳּޣĸҲǭ¿
ģѾ˸飬һֱƵģЧңֲȭѹڻҪǿȺ˻Ѹĺܡ
ǿƴҲҪסҫܳ񶼣һʲôرҪҪȥɣԲܷа˼ţҫĻȴܷʱéٿ
ָӹ٣ʵؼʲôԾ󻯳ôС˵ӰϷֻҪ󵽵ģеģܾôҫԴ˵
ҫ񶼴ʱ䲻㳤Ҳѧϰ˲ٵ֪ʶЩûʲôõ֪ʶҲΪѧϰЩֻʱ֪ʶҲûٱ䣬Щûʲôõ֪ʶǰܷæ
ܷ뱧ҫݺݵһڣ˫ĿһգǰĴɫ£ΣһһϯƮݳ˫źʵͦθһ׿ʿǿݣϵţԵ쳣ᡣ
һ󻯳ͬ˧ѵһͷɱʽĳ绤һװҲ̬潣һž޽ȥ⣬ֱмһԲοնⰼ棬ȥȻ֣Ķʣһѵõ
ܷ󻯳֮ӵüͷԽԽ˿оĸо쳣ǰδ֪һ̸֮ױȵѹѹܷ
ҿһϺϺϺϵCGЧӰӡ̣һǴ¡˹һǿ͵¡
ԭΪʵ̫ǿ󻯲û뵽ĳɹˣȻɹˣôļһȥˣܷɭȻһЦǿ˵ʱŴģôҪҪƵģʵήҵĲУƺǳķܷľѾļޡ
Ȼеñʧеã󻯳ȻܷƣûιȥܷĿĿ˵ǳ״ﵽˡ
Ҳǿ͵¡˹ֳսɲֻܹӶѣƺӺбҪһԼ᲻ڵľϡ
Ϊܷµһ˲䣬¡˹еʿһͰգն쵽ӶûзӦĳ̶ȣӱɵһ˲䣬͵¡˹ͬʱȥӼܶȥп׷ʹ
ӱɺһ˲䣬ͷһ˺Ȼ֮Уǳ¡˹ǿľԼոյȷǽռ֮㡣
ɽأȴԷжһпҪԼ죬Ѿһˣһĸоӵóһۣ¡˹иȵľΪ뻯۷塣
¡˹ʵôǸ͵أô˵ǿûϸ룬Ҳûʱȥ룬ķѾƵʼеϸʱ䶼ûС
¡˹ĵֻһݣǾǰԵ޿ƥеİԵÿһдһǰѵеƣһһأһһͣ籩ӣֵķӳ˰֮һֵ塣
ֻһ¡˹ӻܹӦˣɼϿ͵£ӾԵеˡ
͵µĽȣȻû¡˹ǰʮ㣬ÿλӽһɶÿһǺ潣ȶ򣬽ƿң˫֮£ƣڱòǱ
һһȽڶǰл֮£ѾԽԽƲס棬ϾҪͬʱӦӿռ֮ķӵ뻯۷Ĵߣûб˲ɱѾӹ߾ˡ
жļңȫ·磬Ƴ׵ĵת˹ǣܷͺô󻯳Ѿ֮ǰ󻯳ıȻͬΪ¡˹͵µĴڣǿܷľȥάֵġÿһӣܷľһԸӵ˺
ܷĴԾ񱻰һöӱûţ󻯲һӣܷ۶ڱѾʼѪǶɸҲӦǾ仰еñʧеá
㻹ɵվǸҰæһôȥߺøߵ·ȥøð£ڣжԶԶܷ԰ҫͷҲصҧ˵½ôԲԼĲǰչֳԼ˲һ档
ҫ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôܷǿıӰĬĬһ񶼾ľ˵ʲôĻ񶼾սӵʱѧһ˵սҪİοֻҪǰĵ˳ͬھҲá
ҫתȥһٴת˲Զʮ֮ԶͷŽнԶİҫܷ΢΢һЦһ̧ͷеĴս̵Ц飬Ƕһ˭̰ɣ˰£Ӯ˾ͿԺݺݵĳЦԷôܹƽɣ
ҫȻǰ񱼣бһ쳹𶯣ҲûлͷĴ㣬ֻһ£˳ִǣԼ¡
ʱ˿̵չһʷǰıѾһȫȫûļ¾Ÿҫ˵ϵͳѾȫЪˣǣǾûзֶˡ
ⱻ¾ΪǿҲյķֶΣԼ


һʮ ¾ŵʵصǿ
зϵͳʩǿԹرգбѺķ˼췴ֱϣһһͻȥֱз֮󣬲ŷǵĵû񶼴İΧ뾯䣬ֻһ˴ڡ
¾һº㣬˫ֲŴȾ͸ƵģɿµԼϵỊֵ̇ԳǿŲԸ
ģһȺΪϵͳʩ̱˾ͿΪΪˣĴΣѡҪôҹȥҪôﶼϲ
ӳ˼ǰĳ¾˵ĺ׳Ҳе΢΢һһĳЦĳЩ˸Цֱ
ЩƺЦ¾ŵĲֻЦ¾ŵ棬֮ûһ˽¾ŵвһ£ΪʲôһĻ⻹ǸǹѺķйء
ǣҲ񶼵һҲβƵļֻҪѺķˣⱲӶؼˣķһ׼֮ҽųϽǹĹˡ
ʵ񶼸ոսʱɲû̫ƽͣڲҪưԣһȨ˲˵ţëҲǱȱȽǡ
ӵʱṹ˵ǿ൱ĻҲҪԼĸѪѹҲĽһ㣬ӣ緱ǡ
ЩĴµ˱ɱ˾ųɾţʣһˣһԵĶ˳¾ţ¾Ҳ߲ܣȫѺֻ˵Ļǵʡˣڲ֮󣬽ľⲿĽˡ
񶼵Ŀռ乹ܺƴޱߣǴڲƻ봦ϵͳĻûиλϵ߽ͨȫƿһϸ춼ܣǽжٸͨߣҲָ֮
ɰǰ񶼵Ŀռ乹أ˵ʵھƶ£©һЩ̽Ľʿ壬ҲаǼ⣬Ļ֮ˣһĻ磬еĻӻٲˡ
ǺⲿĽռȻȻҲͱˣȻҲԣǿʵ£˵Ǽһɱһһһÿ춼ɼʱжˡ
ʱգѺһķԽԽ٣ķҲϵǵҲ˲٣壬žսʼǰǾȻΪ緶ΧѺ۲Ĺˣʼαӡ
ֹ󣬵Ҳɰҫȥģֱǰʮȫ֮Ҳʱˣ˶æžսҲûȥǵľƣΪû뵽Ҳǹʱһ塣
ϵͳİ£ЩϵȫʧȥӦЧҲ˵Щ˵һѳ׽⣬¾ţǳ˼ۺ죬ǲȥҳ¾ţ¾ŷԼʴʣôܲǷЦ
һĴ󺺣ָŲԶĳ¾ţڽ¾ţǻûȥ㣬㵽ԼܳˣѺ⼸ܾ꣬ɣӷҪңƤ𡣡
󺺻û˵꣬һֻգ֮佫Ŵݺݰס󺺰ֶ²¾űǵͷɭȻЦ˵ƤǰɣãӣӦҪ󣬾Ȳǣ
¾ŵٶж죬쵽ڳ˶ûзӦ˲Ҳ˶٣ԴЦ֮󣬴󲿷˶ˣֺܲõĸо
һ춯صĲҺһǿɱĽ¾Ź⽫סӵĴƣסĲӣҽг󺺵Ļ͸򻯱һ㱻¾һ顣
ΪʲôҽгΪ¾Ӳڳ˴ֱϵһڱ۹ǣľʹ󺺲ûʹιȥֻ⻹û꣬󺺵ʹֻǸոտʼ
¾գ۵ʱϼĸǽڣ󺺻Ѫ˿ڴѪҺѹˮǹһҲвˣǱʹˡ
¾ƲƲ죬󺺵ʬһ㶪һߣǰЩĿɿڴķ˹˹ָЦһɵŸడӺþûжˣһҪʹ죬Щ˵Ҳﾡðɣ
ɱ⣬ɱ⣬ëȻɱ⣬ʱ˿̵ĳ¾żֱ˸Ƶģǹɼܰŷɱ⣬Щ֮ǰЦͣķǣʼе㻳Լ۾ǰ¾ŵЦݣôôˡ
Ȼ֪¾ŵʵҲЦҲܶų¾ŽֻԹԵܻǵηУԼԼȥ
¾ţ񶼵һԳǳԸŲһ򿪷ٷ֮ʮؼ˰ʮ³´лٷ֮ʮԽؼۣõǣٶǿ
Ҳ˵¾ŵ۳ֶƣһڸԭƾǿ³ɴлתӵħļٶܣԣһûܡ
¾žصǿĸУĲֻһ֮ҪΪһˣ³¾˾Ӷߣ£ֻڵһң¾űȻΪǿڶˡ
ԣǰЩߵĩʽʼ¾һ֮һ˶֮첲ҷɣҽ˷¾ɱս壬ڳûܵһȭһţͲУһ˵Ѫɱ¾
һӺ󣬳¾һ̣еȼ֮һڣһµ֮ŤŤӣþûˣоֻͦϧҲҲֻѣʵûȤĺܡ
ʱǵĵϼֱñ׳ѱѪȾ죬̱ǵѪζһ̸ŻȥΪ֮ܵĶ֫޳֮ܰŵҹߡ
ڳ¾ŵϿһӣȫú֫룬ʣʮǲͣĿͷģһһѱģͲûѳ¾Źݡ
һǳԲǴļͷǱӷ֪ǳ֪ˣ֮ǰͦôӾһӹηȥԹԵĴţҪٸҲ֪ôǵĵӹ¾Ŷ˶ӣʮŭǸǱԼҲ᲻ɱ¾Ȥ
ʮʧԼǰ֮󣬳¾ŷ˷ۣͻȻüͷһ壬̧ͷɵգֻûκεڣҲ֪¾ʲôΪҲ֡
ûУôлؼ**ȥжԶԶ¾ŷǳͻأıȳǿһŴǧ񱩳壬ռ䶼Ȼһ
ʱɽ֮ϣϥħ߶Ȼ˫ĿһĲҰףѪ˲ûˤڵ棬ߵ´ʧɫҪȥȴ̧£ҡҡͷʾԼûд󰭡
ܣôܿüԪ̬µң˵֮⣬ǵһμֻҵԪһʵ²ڵ֮°ħоѣæ˹Ϣѹסˡ
û¾һȣûħߵԪɢŵϽԪջڣͬʱԳ¾ŵʵʵ𾪵ĲУԭ񶼻ֿͨߵĳǿߣǶʧˡ
Ӳʮһ ҪףŻ׵
ħġ԰Ĺ裬аŴʥ֮ûһɱ㣬Ҳûеôǿѵǿˮһɣ˫ۻһ˿ǣǰİҫ
ҫһѪ̵ɢһɽζһ齹าƤ֮ϣðŵӲ˾ƵģǱڵϣֱĿЦͣ
ǲǰΪԼɣйȣû뵽λҪ¾һأүأҫҡҡͷ̾һ
ڰҫǰ⣬Ѿǳǽҫʱǲһľ룬ۿԼҪɴ֮ܽʱͻһ׵罬ݺݵ
׵罬֮ǿ»ʥ뻤ͬʱҲɽˣ׵˸һ׳Ũü۵ĳǰס˰ҫȥ·
ǰҪɱҵĻôԸôҲ׹֪λϣССҪǰӦòܾðɣҫŬվڵĹʱһ㣬ʹޱȣվ֮ϵĳЦ
аʥ֮һʥܽһ˵뾳ΪҲеˮ׼ֻĺҲǳ׵ͷˣôɣɫ˫һ壬һ׾ɢɫ绡ñƥ纣һķǰ׿İҫ˲䱻ɫ绡壬á
ҫüͷ壬ؽҧɫ绡Ľ֮°㷴ã֮ǰռսħ˷罻ʱµİһֱûüһʵҲ۷ʱڵңգ֮䣬Ӧ㱻ס
˵ҫʱ״̬㣬״̬ʮΣǹǾΪǿҫٱֹ԰ҫʥ۷ľΪ뻯ڶԿô˵ҫʸߴųɡ
ԣ۰ҫ״̬ΣҪס治Ҫʲôͬԣ·ħĲΪԭ򣬶޷ӳȫʵҪɱҫҲɵĺܣҲֻ˵ҫþ
ҫҲȷʵþô˵أͺ翵үϣҫôһ㣬ðҫӵһֺ΢ĺˣŴαܹ֮٣ͬʱ˱øǿ˵Ρ
׵羢ǣҫƯڱۻһʹѵҫҲӲʹûвҽһ
ͷеҲҫᣬҪǻɱԼ񹦵ĵؽ֮£Ϳˣҫơ
ұһ̧Ƴһ۶ɵ׾޵񱩵â绡·Ҫһ
һ䣬׾޵ɽ֮ƣȻ£δ׾ѽݺݵĸһƬ֮İӣգۼ䣬ҫͷ­Ѳһ׵ľ롣
ǧһ֮ʣҫѾ˫ĿȴĲյҫһŵŵ޽һ㣬ƿնպն׾޵֮ϣɢ
üͷһ壬һǻһҫâҲͬʱȥ֮İҫǲŵԼ۾
üһ޽湻ģаҫٱС˵õ˵ģҫƺһ㣬һĻĿɿڴ
޽ķʽţڻ׾޵֮ͻȻһ̻ըѣһɽһĽڶǰ˵ʵǺޱȣֻñȭվݡ
һսȻأڵܲס˲ĳϰƽĵݺݵ׵ȣϵİҫǿķĸ߸ߵٴεص档
ܸң⵽Ǹɶҫͷˣͷа㣬Ϊ̫̫ˣĿ⼸аɿĸ߶ȡ
ϵͳɨϣͻˣϵͳ֮һŭڰҫԺУҫҪűŭӴϵķ̾ȻֱӺĴڣֱð
õȨָڻ񶼾սţսӸٰҫǰ񶼵һָʼʵУҫǰһŭֳ־޽ڰҫǰ٣ޱȡ
ҫŴŭĽűߣԼûбŭһֻƵ֮һʵ𺳵Ըӵĵزκδʱ˿ǷǳȵʱΣĻԻǰѡ
ֻǰҫڵλ÷ǳΣǰԶҪǾͱҪأĻֻܿǶȥҲֻԵıŭ㹻ǿǿƥ뻯ĳ̶ȣŭҲûʧ
ڰҫ֮һ£̧ǰһһ֮һǿϢ׵溮˪ĿŰҫһֵâ˵
ǣ׵âжວˣâھҫ״ͱһνʧӰ٣ҫһͷûеͷһʱ¶ĵЦݣŭӴڳնơ
ҫһոջеŵˣ˵ʵڵģϵͳǻɣϾǵһμָߴֱصĽͻˣȹߣӴɽôôжٻӦ͹ܻˡ
֮ǰһ̣ƷԼ뷨Ǻҫ󲽣ݵĳȥߵ״â׵âͣĳײƻƫƫ˲ҫֺ
ԽԽƺ侲쳣ʵŭɶͲʲôƢԸԼĹƲϵıŭϵʵŭգһᣬ֡
ܺãսֵҳϴķâɣ˫Ŀ쳣һ壬±һɺŵϵ׵ǿƾһ㣬ע뵽֮ڣ˱ƺޱȡ
˵Ǳʯ״žŰʮһɣλʮ֮һŻ׵ڴ˵֮£ҫ٣Ưڿգ˫ͫۿ绡磬ǱĿƺѾԤ˰ҫ
ҫüͷһ壬Ż׵ͷҲ֪һ㣬֪ǣ˵Ȼ֣֮λ֮Уʵеڷ˼ˡ
Ż׵ʮ֮һ飬޼᲻ݣƣ֮ǿΪãǱߴ֮׽٣ܰİ̶ҪǿһԹ֮˵ıص
һӴ绡ʱޱȿ񱩣·Ҫػ٣Ż׵˼Ϊһ壬ֳ׵ݺ䣬ʮɵ׵âԷѵ֮ƿҫͷ
׾ŻһʽױO
һ׵ƺ춯أҫʶͣס˽ŲԼһȥǳʮ֮޵䣬ҫܸоԼȻҷ


һʮ ֲĳ¾ţ붯ܣ
ҫüͷ壬һлǺ˵ĽƻƣǱ˫İҫȫûƥеĿܡ
Ʒֱ䣬ԼֱƶܶܣΨһϣҲֻܼ֮һıŭˣŭϲôҲ·
ȻڰҫѣȻ֮һıŭ֮ǰչ¶ʵѾҫĲ٣ɵ͹˱ŭսҲǣȻôҪʱó֣п֮
ŭٴһ˦о޽޽ɳתһ̻ѣŭӴֻһ֮ڱڰҫǰס޽ֱһ̧޽ᵶǿԵӲУŭһȻݣ绡ӿܣίʵޱȡ
ۼŭٴԼһҫϣǰж𺳣ʣľǡ
ҫͻȻĸоԼԽǿǣͻԽȫڣ¾Ÿոս˶ӷɱ¾̧ͷա
ȻӲҵ׵ս²ŵ֮°ʹǿҲԵвľŻ׵׾ŻҫҲĪҪĴ֮ģбڣڽӣ
һ׹ըķŻ׵ǰһ£ɾҪҪ֮ʣͻأĳһ֮ǹı֮֮ǿռ䶼Ťίʵš
ûУôлؼ**ȥжԶԶ
е˫ͫһ㣬ȻһѪϵɫһ弴ɢǵˣߵķһ㣬׹ڵ֮ϣһƬ
һĻʵڽҫòУ֮࣬ϲԴҫôϲǵĳǽ֮ϳһӰһ˫Ŀɨų¡
壡ҫӰvزԼԼ㣬Ϲ룬ȻԹӶˣ¾ŶݺݵѵţҫڵһĵͷԴϵװ˫۶췺Ứˡ
ڳ¾Žѵҫû֮ʱһ׺׵绡Űҫ¾ϯüͷһƣżһ㣬ϰգҫһ棬һзԲʮﷶΧڵĵȫ׵绡Ϊˡ
Ƭâ֮صĴŭĿԲƽɵٿƯǿֺ˵׵绡·һֻ׵۶ɵľ֣춯ء
ʱͷŭ죬ԼǺεȻһ֪ˣҪǴ˳ȥ˸Цĸһɽܵ飬еŭɱ¾ǰδеǿҡ
˵ʱʱ죬һŻ׵ֱȻתһɢ绡ȫջ׵֮ϣ˫ֽ׵˫Ŀһҫߵĳ¾ţһͷ䣬һ·Ҫ˺ص׵âֱͷ
׾Żʽŭ˺ѵأ
ۿ׵£ŭһվ޽ҪӭѶϣһӰһֱϣ¾һĵȻ֮ɫ˫Ŀĵзֺ壬ڱŭ֮ǰǾ޴׵âӲһ
䣡
񱩵ˣûѰҫµĵƤݺݵƷɣ춯İҫͷۻðǣҫ֮ĪĲ˲۾ǰĻʵ̫ˣ˵ҫе㲻̫Լġ
ǳĳ¾ţԴǿ׵Уʵ޻һȭֱӺ׵âɢ׵
ҫ֪¾ز©һǿߣڳμһȭܸоĵԼոǵҲܹͬоĳֻڵĸܣȴϴʱ˿̵֮һһֳǿǿĿֲǿҫĲ
Ȼֳ¾ŵʵ𺳵ˣɲֹҫһ˱¾һȭɵ¾ǳٷ֮ʮ򿪷ǿĶܡ
ɶֻ¾ԽԽǿԽԽͣȫһûм޵ǿǿ֮£κεļԵôеһʮᣬ¾վԵһе谭ֻᱻݺݷ顣
ܣһʵ൱鱨ϸû˵ĴڣȺ԰׷ļһһԼ鱨жྫϸ׼ȷҪȥһӣӻǡ
һޣ鱨ų©ֱ뵽֮УôޣĻȥ֮θ鱨ռЩһǣȫҪƲãȻҲҪܻУΪ¾ŵЦѾǰ
֮ǰһ£ǰϲҲֻѣСӣеʵֵԴ¾ɭĿЦݣһëըæڣǰ۲ʶ̩ɽְ̧
ãˣóղŵƣӺúøһܰɣ¾һЦһȭ˳ƺֲȭֱӴ۶ɵĿռϣ棬һŵĳ
¾һ壬׹ضȥʯֱ棬Ȼһٴըѣʮ׵ȣ߸ĳ֮ǰǿϰٱֹȻһʮһݡ
Զսİҫ۾գգĿų¾ʩı飬ֻΪ¾ŵʵеȣͬʱΪԼʵеԼֻǴһЩʥĸ־ͿʼմմϲˣɸǰЩ˱ֱһЦ
һúԶһкܳ·ҪߣҪǿҪĸǿһ죬ҰҫԲٿһ죬ҰҫҪվǳƽĸ߶ȣҪǣ
ҫ߬˫ȭûнƤãе뷨ǰĻ棬ʱҪŬǿֻӵʵһеĸػԼʵ㣬һжֻǿ̸ѡ
ؿǰ¾һȭ֮׷µĵڶȭþŻ׵סڶȭǿĶ֮£һȭҪǿʮֲֹȭѹǺ׵֮ϣĴѪڷڡ
¾ɭȻһЦڵͦӲ
䣬һȭܵµĵȭȭڶȭǿʮ˫ֻȻѣѪɽ֮࣬Ż׵֣Ȼһʮɹռ֮壬ֱ¾ŵĵȭ
¾ŵĵȭڶܵѹ£ȭѾﵽ˷˼ĵزһȭǿǧֹһȭ£˵ȭѹ·Ҫռ顣˫ȭһӴֱӷԹۣعǱֱӺ飬صֻһ֮˫һ˹ȥ
ֹͣ˲¾ڵӣѾﵽʮ֮¾ſȥƲƲ죬һɴܻص֮ϡ
ΪҹúôһܣԭҲһ뵰ɢһɢû˼¾һĭǲмƳһӣ·ûоһ㱧Թš
صҫǰĳ¾ţһ۰ҫǳˮı飬ֻͷһӣ˵ͷ΢ЦСӻһǼһгϢǣĶúˣ
¾Ŵӿڴóһ鷽νҫҫ˳ֽ£һ۽飬ԴʵĿһ۳¾š
ʥµģ飬Բʥµȱݣﵽĳ̶ȣ


һʮ ռģ飡񶼹ս
ҫϸĶһûпʲôߣŪһ£࣬һǳǳİۣһıԵһɫӫ⣬漴Ϊһݷҫϵĺɫ֮ڡ
ʥռģ飬Ͽȫ˹ϵͳϣصڰҫԺС
ҫ΢΢ʲôռģƺʥһ飬˵ҲǺһ֮ǰ־ֵ֤˳ڵıҪʥ¾͸˵ˣǼƷװ֮ǰʥûһƿ
ֻǣȥȱȽϴ˵ʥȴֻһϵͳҫеɻνϵͳǸʲôôƾϵͳʥ´ﵽĳ̶ȣҫôöϷ
ʲôˣɵı飬֪ʲôˣϵͳô£԰ɣ¾źһһİҫ˵
壬֪Ĺܣҫʵ
ϻͻȻһĪĶңҵȻҪ˵ҾҿѧԺϲʸ¾Žеͷɣµһڻص
壡˵ǿѧԺеλѧңҫյʵԳ¾ϲǰϲĳΪԵúΡ
һҲǣĿƼˮ׼˵ֻҪ򿪷㹻Ĺǧ˰Ҳ˵λѧһϡ
Ҳû˭ˣһһһ񾭲֮ûһģڿе㱾⣬Ҷô浽ڵġ
ˣҾͳ˵ɣЩʲôϵͳģ鰡ԭʲô߰ҾͲˣҲûסҪ˵ɣνϵͳ˵ʥ»ӽλıǿͬﵽͬλ¾ŷ˷ۣһѧϵͳʡԵǧ֮󣬷ǳ˵Ĳ˹Ч
ҫһ˫Ŀüһﻹȱʲôʲô֮ǰڿռսʱ򣬰ҫΪʥµۺеǣʥµĹܣ񾳵ĴڣôպҫΪоĻôʥ±ϰҫ
ŰҫԼյıǿֻҪҫľͻ񾳣ôʥµþԵжˣƵ֮ϧʳ֮ζˣΪ񾳵Ĺʵ̫ˣҲͣûͻǰһͻǾǼˡ
񾳵أؾԼķϣõϻʥڷòϣɻʥ¿ĻǾȫˣֵϰٱֹ
ڵİҫǿ൱ڴԼľΪﵽĳ̶ֳȵʱ񡢳뻯ʥֻʲô˵ı仯أʵ˷ܲѡ
ϵͳͲҪ˼ɻʥµļˣֻҪԼǿʥ¾ܸǿͻı仯ʵҫϲ񣬻˵ǰ㣬ȷ
ˣ¶һ˫ȵ񣬿ȥ˵ģСӣ֪Ҫ뿪ˣƾ¼֮󣬽Ҫɾˣֻһ仰Ҫ㣬úš¾˿̣˵
ҫԴҲ֪˵ЩʲôԼ£ⳡ񶼵Ĺսս֮ʵƽѼ
ҪǣڳĸǣʮоŸҪɱʵǲòߣһߣܻܲδ֪֮ˣԳ¾ţҫ˵ʲôɿĻֻܵ˵ͷų¾ŵĻ
ҪסҲãǹҲãʵһеĸǣԱúǿǲǿԼµĳ̶ȣǿҪǿİã¾ŵ˫Ŀ쳣ɣôһ˲䣬ҫо¾ȫյУֱ˵ĸо
壬һģԪ˵պ񶼣ֻдﵽ뻯ܽôҾʹﵽ뻯ɣʱúɣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
¾˫Ŀ΢΢ְ̧סҫͷָڵӣеɸֵ˵СӣϢﵽǵɢһĳ̶ȣͿմմϲ´ҪټҪ⵰ɢҴĹȣ
ҫһܾģ΢Цͣͷص˵ǣպҿˣ
һ£¾ẓ̇˰֣ͷҲصȥҫҲһڣתȥһЩĻҲö˵ģҲҪʲôĻֻ˵ڡ
ʱ񶼵ĹսѾﵽ˰ȻĵزѾЩֵսǳһƬ޵أ񶼽ʣķӣչҵķǿջǵأսľԵü˵Ĳҡ
֮Уһռ˾ԵϷ磬Ͼһ뻯Ϊȵսԣʵ޵ĺܣ￸ס˴вϷ֧Ԯ뻯ߣ©ġ
ʱѾȥ˽һСʱһ뻯Ѿﵽ˺˵ʮһ뻯ߵĸǣȫһҲֻʮ򿪷ͻưٷ֮ʮĴߡ
Ҳ˵ѾԶٵľ棬һ񶼵ĴҪҵļл˵ȥӦɿ಻ԣ˼ռ֮񶼵ľʵǼתֱ¡
գϵľƵǺϲ٣ﲻѹ׵ĵƣ޴ޱȵλˣÿһŲ뻯սɱĹ޵
ʳͺǹŹаţֻҪץסһˣؿڵĽʸﶪĳȡѪеԼĵǱȥˣΪΣȫ࣬ݽʸĥ˹Ƿۡ
Сٶ죬ֳƵƶٶȣǹʱٶȣǿզ࣬Ӱͻȥϰ˵ҹ൱Ļ·һ㣬ڹ֮ɱ˸֮
̰ûʲôررľĽǣԼϵһԽԲܣһеĽ涼гҲǽǰʿӵԪصǿȡѪҺеߣıˡ
裬Ӵһ𣬸߰ɣҲӽˣ͸һŴٱƤƵģսҲûӶֱӾ͵عϼȦһƬҲ֣öȦˡ
ʣ֮һĴɱľУֳްͬҲܼľУһɨһ壬ľʿȥһ̨ͽһ֮оһѪɵĲҾ
ɫΨһŮһεУпգ˦ַɳεзһǱڵĸƵԼһ㵭Įӫ⣬ĹľʿǶʱôһλվվȣܶˣ׸
ŭΨһڲ֮һ֮ڵκһս£ֻҪΣӰڣͨ޽֣Ӵʱصĳսκһط񶼵Ĵ֣Ҳܱס
֮ˣ˵ǰɹͨųɵĹֵ֮⣬бŭǣơ
Ȼƶһ˵̫ãһʱҪʤҲȫܵ飬ҫ˸·ҫѾ¼أ
ʱվϹŽǾ޴ʯǰŰһʵӰ쳣ĵϥ¹˫ֱȭ˸ʦͽ
ӣݼʦ𣡡


һʮ ƾµѧپۣ
ţҲЩʱˣ񣬾ʹΪʦ뽭ұаȭһ⽭УʰɣɫӰһɤϲޱԵú䵭
ӽʦɹز𣬹Ļص
ˣǸҫΪֵˣɫӰʵ
ǵģʵҫΪˣԼ˴·棬ӶΪͣοҫȹӵʹȻݽΪֵܣҲʲôڻص
ȻϿԵú侲ʵǲԼλʦʱϲʱŭѴ⣬󲿷ʱֳһֱŵԸֻкСһʱ䣬Żֳʱǫƣһ㣬ӵֽȻ෴˸
޳յǣǣ㻹ûҫύΪʦɱȻôҪ빲ôɫӰ̾һ˵Եеȣƺڸ̾Ĺһֵɪ֮С
ӽʦ
һϲһҪԼʦҪȥɱҫΪˣֵʦͽ飬ŸˮȾ˭İ׳⡣
ǲҵĻ˺ܴһȥɱҫҲǳŰɣˣΪʦͲˣ°ɣſ񣬲ҪֿΪʦ㶫㣡ɫӰ˵ٳأ
˵ͷϥһɣֹˮſһеֿ֮ɫӰ˵ͷ̧һָָâϸ緢˿һţĶͷ֮С
üͷԺƪӰĲַͣչ֣ƪӰϵ֮˫ĿȻһ˵ıԵ쳣·ʲô˼飬
ʦǣǡ˵ǺɫӰĶʵǹںˣ֪ôȥԼ˼ˡ
侲ϢɫӰ˵Ҳһڣڵıڽ֮䣬ƽ΢ҵѪ
ʵ޷Ȼд˵ѧѾѧķ룬ֱһһ࣬ʵţʦ𣬴Ҵû֣ûܳıȭأ˵
ȣȷһѧΪʦͨаȭ죬һܸһȽƣȴȫȻͬȷһڹķ
Σж츳ΪʦκޣֻǰƪƪһػɥϣΪˣ𼫾ɣǣĻΪʦὫ˹㣬ҲֻǰƪˣɫӰ˵
ʦܴڵӣĶ飬ӱضڼѧɣʦҪƷҲԾౡ֮Ļص
ǺǣľͺãΪʦƲƷлԵڣֻݻԵϣʹģҲȻ
ˣ˹ǵΪʦ𽭺֮գɣƾѧǰƪֻҪгɣҲܹнƥУסһҪڼҪΪʦһƬ⣡ɫӰЦ˵󣬸ǰʮ㣬ĳӿ
˹ԼĽֵܺܽһаʽ޵أò磬Ȼʱƽǳ̲𵱳Լ緢Ƕʱ䣬ȵڡ
ӣʦΪ˵ڼⲿǰƪ֮зǳԼʦûпʣֻǰƪܣѾ𾪲ѣοƪȻо춯֮֮ܣ㣬Ųɡ
ˣʦͽ˵ԵδձټΪʦУעһܣǵΣ֮ʱǧҪã˵ĸȻֻΪʦһɹֻҪû뻯۷ʵܵļӳ֮£Ķ֣мǣֻһֻһΣҪá
ɫӰŻɢ٣һλֵԳǰ߶΢ĹػպΣӦ֮ʵĶԴ
źɫӰɢ˫ϥأصĿͷӶԼ𾴣֮ĺһڣתͨ
ֱͻص֮ϹŽһУӰͬʱ֣һʦǺɫӰһؽӰ֮ڣҫĿ
׹Ͳ񶼣̳ɱôһҲ۵İɣɫӰԵͳ˵
㲻ģʶôˣԸһ˽ôʥĸԸôܻС֡οĳ֣ҾûкôȻӰ࣬ǣֱܹٵĻôɫӰЦݾǼթޱȡ
ðɣ͵û˵ǱȽϲⱾò㽻ǸһֱǸ쵰ɫӰڻص
㻹˼ҪΪ㣬Ҳ֣˺ļһ̾أ֪֪߳ˣɫӰûĻص
ɫӰһ󣬿ڵʵûҪôģ
ʵʰˣǲ֪ԴӴǲ֮ҵѾԼˣΨһҲֻܽǴΣҲֻһȽϺõˣ޹أɫӰƺֻ˹ص
㻹ѹƶã
֪һʮ꣬һ£Ҳֻһ죬Ҳ֪ѹƶãһӣ㽫ңıӦ֪ôģ
ͬһλѾظǧˣô
ǺǣôܻôһģҲܻôһġˣûҪոô࣬һɣ˵ڵСỹ̫޷һ㣬ǲǸ¶¶һǣҪ̫ˣ˳㾯һЩˣһ㣡
ţ飡

ٲ֮۴ǰҫˣ΢΢һЦڵǻͦ찡
찡ʱˣҫԴ΢ɻĻص
ôðɣʦֵĹ뾳о˰ɣ˵ͷЦ
õôʵ
ҫָָϵĺɫϵƽ壬ҲָָԴղͬʱ΢Цͷ
پһţͷɨһȦƲ񶼣ͬʱ̾һǸø˵ټʱˡ
ˣõ˰ɣôǳȥ


һʮ ʽһսƣ
ŶЩСȻһûϢǳ΢ƺˣ񶼻صĸôԽԽȤˣ޼Ťͷҫ˵ķ뵽ʱǧףȴɿ
ڳ޼һӣһ붼ǰһɿ񱩵ĻˣƿϮ޼ȴǷֽϨʼնûлعͷȥһۣԵ쳣ڣһǳ΢¡
һĿų޼ĹƣѾ֪˼ٻأȴ첻Էһ˿˵ӰѾٽ棬ƺԼһ㣬սϣսھ֮ϡ
޼Ѿսϰٻغϣǰʼûռһ˿ıˣ޼ʼմڰ״̬ûȫƵģӵ޼ҲԵ࣬ݲȡ
Ʒɸ˵Сӣĳɾͻҵ֮ϣһţðɣˣȫΪƺδȫôΪȥ˺ֵزﵽƷɸͬȸ߶˰ɣĬ˫ָ˸һ㵭Įĺ⡣
⼸СǺǰݵûɣ޼ԴЦĳɷ֣ڵ
Ҳʵ֮һ㹻ôʲôѹأֻΪǱǿĵʯ޼̴ģôǧټƵҪɱǣֻΪǱǿ˫ĿӿĻص
ţǰѵǣҾӽʼٶ԰ҫչκε׷ɱжֱΪбҪʱ򣬻Զ֣Ǽˣʧܣأ޼ͷǸ߸Ц⣬һ͹һĪļ¸ӿͷ
ߣҲҪлУ֣ȻһţɫĻâٳֱǧİҫ˶ȥ
âޱȣκһжڳ޼֮ڣһգռɢɢĻâʸϡãβ棬ҧҧ뽫ҫ˴ߣг޼ǰƺûôס
ǰӦңκ£޼һŵЦݣսˣѶʵһȽ̵ʶǾǼֹڴˣԼþȫʤ߳ϡ
˵ĶԣʱͬգѾǵǸΪСʵǶ˷츲صĽ㹻ȫԸˣ
˳޼ǿ仰˵ʵףһʶ޼ʱ򣬾ûаѶԷһ£ɽʱյĳ޼ȴѾǿò¡
˫Ȼ£ͷϵʥƶȻһĿĺ⣬ʥϯóѵͣܵĿռ䶼εѺ۲ϡ
֮ϵʥӰֱаӰľһֻصֻ泤ʥ潣һʵޱȣֽܷһ֮ΪһؿʥӰ֮ϡ
ʥӰ仯֮һɷ·ҪطٻٵĻܣ֮ǿ˼ؼףֳֳеʥӰصĻ֮ʣһ貵ĺ⣬ҫ۵˫ۡ
ʥ幦ʽ
ѾǿԸӵĶ֮ʥӰͬԵ޵У߽ƱûȻһ壬ܵķҵգӳұ÷豹棬ɲǼٴηƽ˾ˡ
ǰǺùΪȻǰȫԸȻҪǰӣϰ˳ˣ޼Цһ޵仰ȴֱüо޼е̫ſˡ
޼һаӰ˲ͬʱ޼˫Ŀһⱬ䣬Ӱԭʮ֮ߣ˵ͣ޼صһ
һ˫Ŀһţ˵޼ﵽƽĳ̶ȣѾǳ˲ˣǰһĻʵǳ󷶳룬ԭԭԼǵ͹˳޼͹˺ܶܶࡣ
æȫתޱȣʽĶ⹦սһֹʥӰ˫ֳֽ߸߾𣬶׼޼Ӹһն泤һλâ޼ͷȥ
һľĶǣһζӲ㲻סĸоһַ·ԼͬأͬﶼҪһͬնȥĸоһַ·궼Ҫϵʥ׸ȥĸоһǿķ˼
ʥռؼʥ޳꣬龡𣡡
һס˵Ŀ⣬ܽӰȫֹסΣ˶ĿɿڴĿһǹëȻĻ֮⣬˺ëըֻһ÷·Ҫըһ㣬ίʵޱȡ
޼̧ͷһʥ𳤽Ӱͬʱ˶֫Լĳˣ˵ָ֫ˣֻ׸
޼תת飬ɭȻһЦһᣬڽӿ֮ǿ·ÿ˵ͷѹһɽ
ǳɫƤԽϵɫս΢΢һɢںһţΪһɫսƣӶͷ˿֮䣬ıᱡ촽ֱ򦡣
׽ڼ幦һսƣ
޼ֻһƣһƣһƺ˻泤ǻνâһ׵ʥӰʵʵڵĺţһƺʯ쾪ضΪ֮
һѪ򳤿գ˺һֱ׹£׹ķǰҫڵλãǳĴɡ
ƫˣܲľ޼֮󣬿ŶԷ׹ķ߶һ䣬ⷬٶ˹һֵʿݺݵһֵ
ԭˣ޼Сӻ汾£ȻͻƵִ˵еľ磬ľΪѾƷɣǸһˣ׹֮ʣкȻޱȣǿˣֶһ
ҫĿɿڴĿ׹ԼǰĲԶǸ߸ĳԼĺһʱ䶼ز
޼սǵĿȻУֻսѾǵ֪һĴչҽսˣʵǱĲС
һĻɵվŸ벻ȥˣ


һʮ λѧң񶼣
泤٣񶼵Ѿȫϣסլάͳ̬ģϵͳȫĸˣڰȺڡһ޴ָУһʿǰٻ㱨ơ
ڵأһ׳ʵ
ڵ£һʮ˾Űһʮǧ߰ʮϸ䶼У˵࣡ʿĻص
ţԸȥ˺úðڣ߹ĽвһеĺҪȫǣס˭ܿϰգǲ񶼵ĸԴԵˣ׳ķԸʿ˸뿪ָҡ
׳ͦıֱ˫Ȼ˫ָٴֿ񣬲ŭһľʣǻͣԵ쳣ͣ񶼾½ֱܷ٣
üͷ壬һ˫ͭĴۣһգգĶϵӰͨϵͳĴ䣬Ӱϳֳսľƣ񶼵ľƣʵ᧿Σ
ķѱ׹ݣķµǹκڲ֣֮ܰϣ⵽ΨһвĵطֻЩ뻯Ĵֱ߳Լһĳǳѹơ
̾ϢһͷߵһͯһӣڵλľƣǶʲôô
ûʲôãսϵ鵱ȻǴ̵ľעֻǸеģֻоѣһϲͨģ˵ˣλıԾƵİţǿɲ岻أʵеŶͯһĽӻ˵⻰һϺˮնղסԵúǽ̸ߵ뺹ա
ˣ˵䡣ͱͱͯڵ
ûİһۣ˫ۻԴƲһԣĹĵģȥǿɰﺫ֪Էʵ䣬̫үүɣҲͯ٣ȻȥҲʮ߰ѡ
󸱹٣Ҿõ֮Ӧ취ѿռսڵľӢʿȫļ룬䲻˵ΪʤԾ˵Ӧܹ𵽲Сã뱣סڻ˳ǲˣò΢΢һЦڵ
ΪȻĵ˵ͷڻصһľƽ沿죬ι͵ϮıѾãһֲҪǹĴô˲ãǿɶҧгݵ˵˫ĿһƬߺ֮⣬˵Ǻ͸˹Ĺˡ
Уûôףսûб濴ȥô򵥣ǴҲֻܺʵ߳ңǼʹбսʤʳҲҶѡ
Ҫ翪սȡʤ񶼵пƼˮ׼˵뻹Ҫһҵʱɣ⻹ûиĽʱ仹Ҫ
ȥǵĿƼˮ׼ǵİٱǧҲӵͬĳǿƽ֮ľ룬ټϵƣ궼ȫ£óĽԣû˵ô׵ģͯϲĭɵķԼļ⣬˵ͷͷǵҲûпʵĸо
е£㶵ĿźͯԲ죬Թսر˽⣬˵Ҳ͸սȽǿȽ϶ѣӹȥڶû̫ѶԷһ¡
Ҳ뷨ʹ£󲢲Ϊ潻ս£ܹԼһĳƼȣͯĻԺоԼƺеˡ
Ȼμӹžսǰɲһ죬ǰҲȲ񶼵Ĺʵǲͬն
ˣй԰ڣȥѿռλתϵͳƺãռսľ񲿶ܲ˳ع飬ȫϵͳˣǵ£ͽɣ΢Ц˵亢ͯһһ㣬к뿪ָҡ
Ŷȥ̾ϢһεҡҡͷϸѧҾǿѧңԭΪֻжѣû뵽ԾƵİգԼ鱨ϸţͷ˭Сأ
ѧңû뺫Ӵˣ񶼿ѧԺ˶ѧ֮ڿѧԺ˱Ψһϴ󣬾˶Ҫ棬˵񶼵ĿƼ֮ǿֵز˾ӹΰ
ͯнľϬڿռżܳĳɾͣҲ˫ǹӵ汾Ϊ񶼵ı֮ųɾŵľз֮ĸ֣ʵ顣
˵ľϬǲ԰ڻôÿγ͸ܺƵģ㻹Լʲô¶˵ÿΣֲɣ΢һòãһܲ˶Էı飬Թ
֪ԹңֻǸȺ۸ֵ͵СռһЩʶʲô˵ģɸҲû˵˵ЩôŸɶľϬһܲԸĻص
ɸû˵Ҫܣ㶼һˣҶʲô˵ʲô˵лûô죬͸װȪƵģ˭ϲĳ԰ڣҾӦʧ˵ݣеԹ˵
֪ѵңٵɸ磬ҷǸ״ɣľϬƲƲ죬תתԴֽƻĵ
Ҫ˵ĻôֲҪҺ״ǰɣһˣ˭£֮ǰȰҰǸĿռλתϵͳƺãʱ䣬ɸ֤Բ˶ߡĻص
ң̬Ȼôӣûˣˣ֪ˣȥ˰ɣľϬεİ˰֣ԹĻص
һ·죬һ䣬Цһȥҧңʵʶֵ֮飬ǱȽᣬȺֻģӱ˴ıְˣڿѧԺ֪顣
ڽľϬһ¥Ĺ۹֮ǰһʵǾޱȣǰֵһƬޱߵĳС
滮ϸֲͬҲķԼĵͬĴ¥Լһٲ¥㣬񷶥֮Żģϵͳֶơ
֮ʯ㣬ÿ׾һһ׵RTϽװײ㣬ΧھʮŲװײ֮ϣǵϵ׵ص֮µĳ
мֱ񶼵ķ棬Ҳпܣ񶼡


һʮ ҫ޼
ҫ˼ܵ׹ӱԵ˸һִǻɫӰֱڰҫ˵ǰ
õ˰ɣĨȥǵѪգһѪ̵ʵ
ҫ˵˵ͷӻóһƽݸ߽ӹ֮һ룬ֻƽǰһ˦ֻ֮ƽѸٷֽһݣڰҫ˵ǰһӵеɫ߿ȴŤڵŻ
ҫǵãսʼǰҸԵǿҩôʵ
ҫ˵ͷ˵ܺã뻯Ĵʵֱ̫࣬ÿռ֮ߣƱػӣֻҪκһ˸ıһ¿ռ켣Ǿͻڿռ֮ͨС
ҪҵľΪֻһһĽߣһǵ˻¹һռͨҸԵǿҩ裬ֱӴͬʱ뿪ҳ׵뵽ռ֮Уһӵİȫ
ֱͨӽռޣռ䱻ƬҲɿͨߣ⣬ֻʣ
ˣ
ҫͬʱŤͷԶ޼һ΢Цĳǰҫ޼ĵһμ棬Ҫ⣬˵ľһ
ǰҾϢûʹ࣬Ҳһѡ񰡣أ޼Ц
ÿһƱһ֣˫ʮף޼߰˲ѣǹǿѹѾҫ쳣ܡ
ǲϼļ¸У˾ֱһ㣬ԽĲֳ֮⣬ҫ˽ֻԳ޼ƣһԵǻĸо޼˵ǿľĶǣǿķ˼
ǰҫ޼һ˫ǵ˫ֱۣưҫȥЦʵ
ǣڳ޼ǿֲѹʵ̫ˣ˫۵ֱӣѹǳɱҫĻػѹӲļ֡
Ŵ˾ɱһһ⣬СһﵹҲеŵǣĺ˹Ҫͷˣ޼ǹһ߸ߵĻȣЦ
а֮ټһ·ϵĽɱҫȥҲҪǰһֻ˼ȥҫһ²Ʋ֮㣬ҫǰ޳ԹΪǰƣɱҫɣҫҧصų޼ѹѾ쵽Ҫըĳ̶ȡ
ôָɽׯɣ޼Цݸڵ
ǣҫص
㣿Ǻǣ㻹˵Ӧܸо֮Ĳɣ治֪ģ޼һ˿мɫĻص
ҽղ㣬ӵв㣬ʮӶʮĪҫĻصʹѾҪе㿸ס޼ѹǶ԰ҫ˵ҲҪϡ
һĪһشɣΪʲôɱ㲻ɣΪĿɽׯڱﶼһĴڣһֻϣҪôҪҸɵĻҲԣǾֻϣŰۣ㣬ⷽػȽ˳һ㣬ô
޼ǲмӡĵĻļŭȰҫò˶٣˵ֹ޼ˣڶԷѹ£ԼָˣͬʱҪֿԽԽֲѹʵں룬ȴ
ڳ޼ǰʱ˿̵ĺñֻ׸ϣ뷴ͲܣΪ޼ҫĻеŭ۰ҫһ̣ȴԵе㲻̫Ѱ侲
û˵öԣʱյǰȷñһĴڣ϶磬Ǿ仰ĪֻҪһЩʱգҫж췢ģպҵʱ򣬱ȻΪһжӦеĴۣ
ҫı÷˵ĻһƣһĲͷƣһּŲɵƣһ²ɵƣҫԼеҪ־޼̫࣬ԼֻöԷе־塣
ӣҪڽնɱ򣬺
ǳ޼е뷨ǰİҫԼѹԼȣɿƾСľΪƣݲȵԼ˾Բ
޼ˣҪҫɱ뷨ΪԼԼһǱʶĵиԼղɱҫ˵Ժ󣬰ҫĻԼ˵ǰ㣬պĳһԼӦеĴۡ
޼üͷһ壬ǳͻأһ֣ڵһžҫ׶ûС
ҫȴ˲䶯ã˫üļҪͷƤѣǿֲѹȣҪѹɷĩ㷴֮ûУ˴һĲֻ࣬ðҫĿԼǺɫס
һֱΪһƲҫǰһֱ㽫Ǻɫɢͬʱʥİҫ˾֣γһðԲεķ㣬˳޼
ô֪Լĵжǿ˰ɣͷҲصҫ
ǿħ񣬵ǰҫҫ˵ͷ˫ĿޱȣΪ򶨵Ļص
ܺãСһúŬȡᣡǿ߰ɣ˵ͷ˵
Ļո£ǰԲεʥֱ֣ӱɢȥΣ޼һЦڿУͷˣһƺƾ֮£ɽأҫ˻û߳Ȼأǽڿֻ죬ʹѵ޼ƺֱѹࡣ
ۼڴˣֱҧ˫˳ƺɫʥ׷ϯУ۳һ绨ŵĻֱ޼ȥɢű纣ʥ񱩵
ʥʥ
޼ƳһϲޱԼƾѹȣԷĻҫٴζռŻ
޼һһɼĻֱ۵ĻӶɹĽתҫ˵ͷһֽ軨׷õǡôǷ
£ҫ˲оԼ֮Уޱȵļ¸£ðһ̣Ҫһ㣬ʹޱȡ
Ȼһſȫջأɾջػ֮һ˲䣬޼ٴƣ˫ͬʱ𣬶Űҫ˺ȥֲޱȣδǿѹȸУѾ˺ë
޼̫һֵҫ˵ߣһҫ˵ȥѹ˫ʹʥ׽޼ƾ⣬ͬʱϣԷɡ
ĻҫҪ㲻ò޼ĻﶸȻʶĻͷһ޼֪ںʱѾ֮䣬֮ǰʥɵֻһӰѣ֮죬Ӧķ˼
˵ʱʱ죬޼ĳ֣գۻҪ죬ʱ˾ռ֮ţѾ׵ľ룬ǸоԼϲˣ޼ֻһƣһȴΪֱŶȥ
ǧһ֮ʣĿռʱȫͣ٣ڳ֮ڳ˰ҫ⣬˷·𱻱鶳סһ㣬á
ɵˣߣҫ˵ǰһĨʶı˫ۣٴ֮ʱƷʽ˵֮С


һʮ ֣⣡
ǰ㣬ôҫ΢Ծ˵ƷײβÿһεĳҪĹͷƺϲǧһ֮ʡ
ҪǲСѾΪһŷɻˣҲǵģ˭ãƫƫСӣԺͷˣƷ΢΢һЦİҫļ򣬿ڻص
ҫ˵ͷͷһ۱ĳ޼ֿһƷɣи̾ͣԼǰⷽصĶ֮˶˸飬˵Ѿľˡ
޼ǿôȷǿĲ˼飬ʮʮͨߣϣ˵жǿ԰ҫ۹Ҳ֮۷Ϊɣ
ǣ޼ǿкãƷɱãôƷǿ˺εȵزҫΪ˴֮ľѾ׵ĵزˣֻ֤ҫƷɵĲ޼Ҫ󣬴Ԩ֮𶼲ݡ
ڳ֮Ҳֻг޼һ˱ȽϽӽƷɵʵΪ˶֮顣
޼ԭĶֱۣջأǾҵĲԭɫѾʧΣֱ۶ԵģƺڵֿƷɶԿռķȻЩסˣûһֵز
ˣˣ߰ɣ˵ز˾ʲôȵպ˵еǻģƷɲÿɷһЦ˫û뿪޼һ֣ͷҲص˵
ҫ̾Ϣһ˴˶һۣƷɱȭһ̧߽˿ռŻʧڿռŻĺڰ֮ƷɵĻ֣ռŻΪ±ֻƽ塣
ԭˣСһѾͻƵ̶ֳôصͦƷɿų޼ΡΡĽֱջأЦ
Ϊǰ̵ĺãǰǵԼģô޼ڻصĳѹúܵͣȥǵͳȻǺѶ˵ܹ쵽ġ
ڷʲôƨʹ㣬Ϊʲô񶼣˵ΪǸΪҲŻһ飬ΪǣȷʲôңƷһ˫Ŀ΢΢ΪõĿڵ
޼ȻһЦڵ˵Ŀģǰô
˵أƷĻص
ˣҲŲò޼ȻһЦϵһսƱһ˵Ľ⣬֮һž״嶸Ȼ·޾תһѨλһߣߵǿ˰ٱֹһ壬ƿƷɵ»ָĿȨ
ڳ޼֮ĿռʱٴλָһǰƷɣ΢΢һ㶣漴ͷһɣߵߣŪ̯ӣԼβɣ
Ʒɵ˵ͷ΢΢ЦˣˣôԹȻʧС͵һֽѵɣЩϹ۸ֵͣΪǵĲ֮磬ʵҲǺһѽ
ʱˣ㻹˵˵ɣСӰôΣƷһۣ˵˫ֱƳ޼ߺޱȡ
ˣ֪֪һֱСӲ˳ۣҲٽⷢˣҲùܣȫұˣƷļ򣬰Ҳεĵ˵ͷվһԡ
ʱһƬĺХ׹òˣһգ۵ĹʮӰ׹ڵ֮ϣ˫ֿߣμֻ˵ĿȫƷһϡ
һĸڿƷ֮󣬸ϲüңüЦ֮ǰһɨգһγĶԱȡ
һĸǣüͷ£лм˻Ų御ƷɿԼǵһۿƷʱûǵĸεƣ±ԷԼĴڣ⽫ƫȺ֮УõסƷɵߡ
Ʒ΢΢ת˫ĿԽɭȻһЦڵ˻治أ
ƷɵĻĻصй˵ĶߣЩйˣһһǰδеĿ־дͷѾʼĬĬ֮ززˡ
Գ޼ŮΪ麹䣬²ԾĲ΢΢µͷ­ƷɶӣŲѾʼȥ
޼һ˵Ƚһ˽£ǵеĳЩˣӦ֪֮ҲͲ˵ʲô˰ɣƷһЦһɭȻɲɱ⣬۾ƵĳЩ˵ͷ
ƷɣȥôˣֺαعڻǹȻд㵱ѪϴһƽԹô޼ߣĪ̧ͷƷɣҧӲһ仰
Ǻǣ˵̫СˣӦǹȥһôƷ΢Цص
˴˰ɣ̾Ϣһָ˼֣ͦͦţȻ˵
Ʒһ㶣漴΢Цҡͷһӣݱ쳣׶仯֮죬˻زűҪ˵ɭȻЦݣ˺ëֱɱѾŨҵһֻЦĳ޼ջЦݣȻ
裬ҵ˵ˣƷɴҪǲɱȺ˵ԸֻأǾ͸ȥɣ
ƷɭȻֲЦݣŵʼȺЩƽ߸ϣµӾĤݵ뻯ߣƷɵɱľʮȫſڵأ޷쵽
ƷɵƮֱ̧ƶ׼գ֮һһصЩſڵ֮˵ĶС
ڳһĸǣȫΧȥſڵϵʮˣɪɪЩһ£Ǳ
ǸоԼ궼ڲУ⽣ȻΪл֮ȥجΣʱ⽣𣬾ʹһѪʢĿˡ
ǵôӦ뵽Լôһ죬ôڸȥɣƷ˫񣬾Ӹµɨʮˣûֻɱ
ƷɵƱһ˵İ׹⣬һ׹⽣Ӱֱ⣬·Ҫ춼ͱ֮ǿɽ麣ХţеƲ㶼ȥΡ
ǰ׹⽣Ӱϯ֮ԭ㿪Ĺ˸̧ͷһûŵڵأ֮еİ׹⽣Ӱ·ٲһ㻺£ڳ˽뻯ĴߣȻܸо⽣֮еĻ⡣
һܼͬʱȥĽ⣬Ʒɵļ֮ԽضȥĽ⣬ⲻһݣʵǵļУʧȥǵƷɣƾ˵Ƚ⣬һ˿Ҫȥԭеء
һʽн
糱纣Ԩֱʮ˶ȥֳʮ⣬ʮԶ˰￪⡣
ϻƷжǿ֮ǿɲǴģʵʵɱģʵӹɡ
ĽƣЩ޹ԱȻжԶܶԶһһ㣬ʣɣ뻯ǿôȷǺǿƷ˵Щƽϰûʲô̫
ǰЩ飬ǰְ̧ɣ
޼ҪΪ顣һȥɣ


һʮ زסˣ밵ħĪƣ
޼üͷ𣬱쳣࣬Ļ֮ǰǰڣǰΰкİ׹⽣Ӱ׵˵ʵѹ
޼ҪͷǾͱҪۣҪܵסһУҽͷŹǣֻн졣Ʒ΢΢£ų޼š
һΪ޼һȣ˫һȦβһ֮ڣ漴Ȼɢ˫˳Ƴγһ͹ӵĹ̡ͭ
̱ԵǶʮű飬ɽɫƱ˴⻬ƽ׹⽣Ӱٽ֮ʱȻһ˵ĹĻʮűǣĻ佫нӰȫڡ
ǰ׹⽣ӰƺܵĳǿŹĻĸǣųɾŵĽӰȫ֮ڣһޱǿ֮ǽӰ뾵֮ڡ
Ϲʮֻؾʮֵ
ѹ޿֣ǿͷԭϹʮ֮һģˣлǳΪɴƾܵסҵĽ㻹ԶƷһǹͭǲһ漴ֲмЦ
ƷеôûǺţǲɷϵǣŵıǮһ˵׼ȷ
ǡһʽнٲͣЪĴӾ֮к£ϵĳẒ́ͭ˫ֵĳ޼Ѿʼҧأȥƺǳŵֿ˲Ӷѡ
ɾǽɣǿ߻û׽Уǲزסˣ޼ؽҧ̾ȻҪӵбɱ֮ĵƷǰ׾ȷԼ̫һ㡣
ŽӰĳ޼Ѿѹƽƶȥ˫ݵ棬ĿĵĺۼȻоųɾŵĽӰɣʣһѾƹ˳޼ԼһһŮ󷽵ʮ뻯֡
޼Ҳ˲ôܱ࣬ס˾ͺã˶Ǳĳĸ֣Ͳȫ⣬Ϣһŵĺɫаȫڣȥ˺ʵ޻ɸ˵ѹȸļ¸УȴԽĿֲ
˫һ̷תǰ޾ԼĽӰΣͬʱһ˦ڿն絹ǣ֮⣬֮ĽӰҲ̴ųʡ
޼һ̧˫Ŀһ󾫹ⱬ䣬ƽƶ׼ǣĽӰȻһ䣬һѸ;׵籩ϯ˽ƣӰ˴ģų޼һսӰƣգ֮ԻΪ㡣
޼һͷһŮӽֻһŵĿų޼΢֮гηɻ󣬶ڶʮ뻯ߣ˸ɸɾһ⡣
Щ˾˰ɣԺļƻҲĪİֻεס©˵ƣƻҪǰأ޼а
ܳ޼˼ǧƺıʲôʱ˿ŮӣǱȵĲУǼеĳ޼ʵǱǿǾûǿֵزƷʲôľΪǶ
޼ֿܹУôǲ˵޼ѾӵƷȵľΪղǶҲǷ豹棬Ԫĸо
ô£ۻôƽӹޱȵСѾɳزȻƽһʽǴĿأһźɫӰͻأĳƷɵߣƳһ۳޼Ц
ҵ͸˵СӣسɴֻǲŶѣƷ΢΢ҡͷľޱĻص
ǰ˫ӣĺܣ˵ǸҫҲﵽСȵĸ߶ôӰЦ
ɣƷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ڻصƺ԰ҫƵġ
ʱ޼̧ͷƷɣһ漴΢΢һЦȭڵĪǰδǰɲ갡
ɲ꣬СӣЦôɫӰЦصɢȥαװβñʵüĿپ£òӢĶţԵú׺͡
찡Īƣôܻţܣܵģ
ⲻھ֮սУѾƷһնô˶ˣⲻܣ
ħħˣˣӵظˣӣӰ
ӲģľΪǲӵˣˣнǰôнǰڣģ
С֪ƨƷɸħĪǳ֮ǺŴԹɴʱǲɼѱǰӣǶһ֮ѣӣ𣡡
ܲ¾£뻯ǣʼƷߵӣҲʦ𣬸һ¶ݣͰȺŵûɢʧɫզզľоþòƽϢĪüֹ
һȺӬ淳Ī̧һӣʮҷɵ뻯ߣ˳Сȫ׹档
һƬ׹֮Щ˲ֻ׹ô򵥣ȫſڵ棬ˣѹһɽѹڵϣֶáǵˣǵ۶ڱǽԱ⾡Ϲƣʲô¶ˣֻܹԹԵſš
ĪƵһ֣ίʵţΪѾﵽĳּޣ˸ⲻģɼʵ֮ǿΪ֮ߣƷҲ˶١
˵ҲٹһأΪʲôǶأⲻƽĪƳһƷɣʵƺԸոЩ˵ۺǲˬ
ΪһأΪΪйߣ׳գƷһʱҧгݺݵĹһĪƣҲһεЦݣ˵ͷ
˻أһĸƺǲɢˣԼ⣬ѾһʣԼҲ֪ͬ١
ڼĪ֮ɫǳĲٳ֮дŵԹ
СҪÿμҾ͸ǷǮƵģǼ³֪ģĪƿһۣ΢Ц
ʲôˣҲǼ£ΪʲôҪ뿪ƷôŬ֮һôҡҡͷ̾˿һΣڻص
Ǹǻǻ㲻Ҳֻܳڳˣֵܣûʱ޶ˣĪ΢Ц˵ֻ˫񣬴һ˿ĲΡ
ԭ򣿡һ˫Ŀ΢ĿƷɡ
ûƷɵ˵ͷڻص˵ɪ
ѽʱ䣬ʱ䣬Լ£Լֵɵʱ仹һģȽǰ˵Īļ򣬵Цͬʱͷ޼Ǹ߸
СӣϻҲҪ˵˵ҪңǼɵǣǼϣֻ㲻ɵҪҪɣĪƴһ˿ζЦݣų޼ڵ


һٰʮ 齣죡ı
Ȼᣬ֪֮ģǰΪͨ죬ĸȡ谡ǰֻзһҸţŷҪǰֻȻʧҸȪ֮»ҵģ
ǼǰٺòҲֵУȻǰҪģ޼΢΢һЦǹĻص
ôԹˣĪƳһ۳޼ǰ涼ȵ
޼Ҳգӻóһţǰһ죬ŷ⻺ƮĪƣ߽סŷ⣬Ƴһŷּüͷ΢壬֮ϸĶ
ǰйع񶼵սۣᷢģֻǽʱһЩѣǰṢڻɣοǰֻһЦαװѣ޼Ц۾΢΢Ʈȥƺڡ
ˣڲϻ̸ҹԶҪҿ㣡˵쳣ķŭ
ŭŭѣҲ޼ȻԼֵֻҪԼһ仰޼ڶ˵߲˼УǱɣĪƵ״̬ʵڲðգһʲô⣬Σ
ۼ޼Ҳ΢΢һЦƳһüͷżüͷĪƣЦֱͬϷߡ
ԭȱĪѹƵʮ뻯֣һ˲ٴλָƵ·ߣգ֮Ŀ֮⣬ֻʣƷˡ
֮ϣ޼״ŮӼٷУĺХ֮ǰ֪ٵ׳뺢ͯģȪ»ص֮䡣
ô޼䲻һ䡣
׵ˣʱһܷ̾Ȫ˵ͷص
ȻûеõǼջҲԣˮ׼һ̵˽⣬´ΣͿԹˣ֮ǰݺݽѵĴ󺺣˵侲ˮı飬Ե쳣ȣ˿û֮ǰǰ嶯𱬡
ܱסһǴˣܶʲô˷лаˣŮµ˵֮ǰƷɵԹʵǽŵòУҪг޼ıԼѾʮ˵ĺ󳾡
Ҳһ̾ϢлһԲͷƷɣ֮дһ˿޵ŭ⣬ԼıֱƷɵ˶ҪϺüƷɻδ֮ʱŴԼԱ񣬵Լ
һ·ƷԽԽԽԽǿѾΪԼԶԶ˺棬ʱոҪܱ֮һеһʵжµûţһԹܣȴƫƫ
үüչѾ㱨֮ˣ޼ͷһһĪ΢Цֱü
˻߳ص
ҸǵĽһݴ񣬴ԼҪĿɿڴĳ̶ȣǺǣ޼ɭȻһЦһıóѵζ
㣬ҫΪԼѾӳôҪôܲ޼а룬ϲԾչֳɭȻаЦ
ߴٸʵ׵ʱ˵ԽԽԶһضҪΪ֮ķɱ⣬ǳıӿȣѾ֮˶ܸܵǹɻһĿֲ
ǣǡѾ˵һ˲·䵽ʲô֮г⣬һ˿ϲĪζ
ûǰĴˣݴҲǴ٣һأôĽ͸öˣ޼ңűԼ֮ĳ콣âɭȻЦ
ʱǶż֮Īƣ׵ıԼǺ˵ͬʱͷһ֪ԼĿɿڴƷɣѵĿ˵ģСӵĵǺƣıƷɣǵ֮սҪǰˣ
Ʒüͷ𣬿ĪԽɱ˫ۣԼޱı飬˲ʶʲôЦСӣģôһݴ񡣡
ƷɣƲǡ΢żʵ
ţ޼϶ʲôֽţƣʼħˣʱ䣬ĶҪȥ񶼣˳Ľݣ˾ͽ˵һȫԼһĶֵأڽʮ۷κ£ҪֱһعΪֹƷɵ˵˫Ŀʼû뿪Īư֣֣صĵ˵ͷ˵һСģռ֮ڣʧΡ
ߺĪһ󱩺ȣֲܵĿռı飬֮ǰǿϰٱֹԭ죬Ϊתɺڻױһɺ˵ɱ֮дű֮ƣϯ֮ԱΪƽأΨƷһ˺
Ʒĺһڣ˫һһȻ۰ͫףֵһƬɫǺӣԵ쳣ܲĿռ䣬ԵüΪֲı粢ûжһ˿һӰ죬һͬŻ֮Ľâֱ֮⣬ĪƵĺڻױγĶԱȡ
ĪƵסƷɵʺƷɵҲͬסĪƵĲĿԣ·һҧгݣ˴ﷶΧ
𶯵ĺҪһ㣬ձ˵ĻһƬ·ĩһľ󣬽ֻǶ֮Գѣʼֶ㲻ϣ֪˵ʵصǿ
ֵܣ֮ʹɣĪޱȵ
д⣡ƷһЦսʮĻص
˽ŶԷʺһֱֱӺ俪յĿռڱ俪Ŀռ¾ۺϣ˵ӰʧӰ١
Զǧ˽Ŀɿڴ¶ѾʧǰҲɱ𺳵ĲУþ޷ƽΨ޼һʼ΢ЦĿǰһеķ
ȥˣ߾ֵʵͬһ
Ƕ˵սನⷽظֻܲȥһԳǶ˻֮սռ޼΢Цص
գռѾǿֵزôڿռսŮӣһ֮ɫ쾪ȵ
ռҲǿռв֮ڣһռļв㣬ޱߣΣޱȣ۷ֻͨѣ۷֮µǿڽһ˲ᱻռ籩ɨޡ
ɷϣǶ˵ĵȷȷⷽصǿߣǿҲв޼ŵЦͬʱָָԼԴ̾һĵ˵ͷ
ʱһռ֮ڣһԲ͸ͨ˿ռ籩֮ͨڣҫޱʹĹ֮ͨϣºȻѾ˹ֿȴ𲻵һ˿һá
ˣ·һ㣬Ҳ廨˱ԭأԭѾۿɼĳڣңɼǳ޼µİ֡
޼ıٴεóѣƷɣ˰ҫˡ
ƪϹŷ񶼱䡷ᡣ
ڴ
ƪһħƺ


һ ħţ
PSˣʵдˣһ±ֲϸɣ첹һ¸ԣкܶ໰Ҫλǳأ
죬죬սѾȥ֮ãⳡ춯صսۣѴأѾﵽ˲֪˲˽ֵԶﴫ汾
Ʒһ̣Ҳǹʱ˾Ȼﵽλֱ֮࣬߳ɵʵǲҵҲ˵ϵͳǿ
ٶ֣Щ߶ԣֵõģΪõջʧҲʲô
ĳ߿Ƽڹǿ汦رһĴڣĳЩؿΪ˵ǿνʧǲֵһˡ
ⳡսӰ̣֮ģǽƷ밵ħĪƵĿһսˡ
˵ĽսҲֻж̶̵ļѣɾǺʮƽķΧ춼ͱ˸˿ռȥսѪڣˡ
Ȼİ汾һǿ֮٣ʱĿõˣҲȻҥϾݰǣƷĪƻһžη֮ģҲʵԭԭ˵
ֻһ⴫Ǿһʰˣʲôһˣһ񴫵֮ǧֻһ̤ĵⶼСƶѣǳҲǱȱȽǡ
ĳЩССɸǲȻ˹λһݣԸݼʵЦԷǡ
֮ܶԶ֮ƷĪƶ˵֣ٴδϹڵľѾЩ񶼵ĳ׹Ϸ֣񶼸ǱΪƽأЩ֪УⷽأѾûϹĴˡ
Щ֪ˣҲĺܣ񶼾Ƭ֮£֮ĵصףϢҲ֪ʱŻػص֮ϡ
ݶ棬һ޼ʵĴ󺣣Ŀ֮֮ĵ죬ҹеķһ㣬£Ƕǽʮ󳬼֮һħŵĵ̡
ħţǽһָħɣǳ˼ǣħ֮˲ȫֻĶˣЩߣȴΨͼʿǵΪԵù䣬һаζ
˼ǣħŲһһˣ˴֦ͬһѰ˷֧Ԯһ塣νľűǾŸһħǾ֮ǿһţȻҪΪħ֮ͳҲһ׵£˵졣
ȣʵϵϿ޿ɺǵģҪţôһűҪͬʱ⵽ΧҲ˵Ҫһˣǰ˸뻯Ĵߣֻнˣ˵һء
ҰԽɱȴֻܽǻ˴ˣɱһ˶ʧ۴֮У̤֮λĻŽȺ֮׻𣬺ܲпᣬֺʵ
Σ˵һ֮󣬰ͳһһ㵥ɣѰκԼڵ㽻õһǲģ뵥ǹƥɣһ֣̤֮ͬλ۴ߣš
ҲǵأҲһأһزǿȥȹǿǣ˵ˣǿ᲻ˣҪ֧㣬һ죬һƱƱ˳أ;вȣв⣬κֶв
֮ôϲ㣬һţΪħ֮פħħΪ֮ԣ֮еţūͣΪǴӣʮ˲ݣ۵λʵһ˺ûһ֮£ֻ֮ϡ
ȻΪħ֮Ҳֻ޺֮ǰѣΪ֮ħ֮λҪѡģҪΣǾһιذɣħĵǽ˳ƷѪİġ
ģħ֮һѪѪŰѵһţѧ츳֮ߣ׺Ҵϻ쳣ߣ˫ȫΪѪܳһ
ʮžڹķѪʾɣΪﵽ۷壬ʮܰһи룬ʮһѪ֮λʮ꿪ʼħ֮λᣬشܰо֣ʽΪħ֮š
ĵһֻҫݣפħֻ֮ħϹžڹķ澭ֻڶ̶̵ʱ䣬˾澭չԪľΪѾﵽ뻯۷ĳ̶ȡ
ʮ뻯۷壬˵ߣĵȷȷǰ޹ˣһƷɶûдﵽҲûȡЦԷ
ĿǣѾħ֪֮ʮˣûһ챻ѡĹأ˵ֱͬ裬ǰŵִ˲ƣִ棬Ǿ仰ͷ
ԹʱһС͹µ֮ϣ𣬵ϵһſžӦһֱൽıԵһֳֳòŮӵɳ֣ɳ̲֮ϣһƬɳ
Ůһ£ֳ峤üĿӣ죬Ʈʤѩһһˣò֮໹һӢ֮κδʱ˿̵ͷʹòȴԵǱ
Ϊɹͷû뵽ɱ˸ǹֻˣֻʦԮˣɶ񣡡ŮҡҡüһţһֻͲһֱ̻գ
𣡡
Ůӷų֮һҰŮԭȵɶ֣ܳһ޴ĺӰصŮǰһͷСɽߴܳŮǰŭĿӣͣ
ˣ˷٣Ƕ㲻ˣǾȫΪɣŮžܣ̾һһӣ쳣гʣֱξܶȥ
һͭС۾ҲͬһŮӣϷ絶צӣݺݵŮӣƷХ𣬾ƥ
Ů˫Ŀ΢΢һУ΢㿪˾ܵƺɨнһתâкܵİӶһ飬ŮӱӦʥΪ
糱ӦκξƤ񣬷ǿĿ£нƤûƣ޷ֺŭ˾ܣȰС˳ƺɨɨһֻԷ֮ƣŮӵͷ­
ŮӶȻһǰͷ˵ã⹥ʽȫһֵļƣ棬ǿϢ֮죬գƵŮӻæֵ̧ǿֲľ˴ɨɳʮ׿⡣
Ů֮˺üסΣֶͣʹһ֮˵ίʵˣиǿЦ
ǧϹޣһѣùŮӿЦһ૵
ҪæôһԻŮӵ
ŮӸæͷĲԶһ߳ߣһ26ֱͳһߴ磩ݿǷһ׳⣬翸þľ꣬ŰӶŮӲͣɵЦ
հףһҫ֣λҪ£æô


ڶ ηֱµ棡
ռͨڣҫż˵ʹָ࣬оǧڹε⣬µĺҫʹָоҪǿϰٱֹҧǿţҧѪ
ҫ֪ǳ޼ڹʱµһ˿ྡྷǱڰҫڣȵʱʱȻҲˣҲûʲôȰҫռͨռиˡ
ڰҫظҪƬҲִͬܵʱһƷƥĽӰҫ˫Ŀмնź
ҫһ˫Ŀ֮ľʹ㣬˲ʧһ룬̧ͷʱʱ㶵ԺֹƷһĻ޼ϵİ֣ԭѾһڰҫڣԱʱ֮衣
ǰ־˰ҫһҫ̾ϢһŽԼϵĺնϣͬʱеĸм֮⣬쳣Ũ
ƷŴγΣ֮УǳԺ⣬Ĵεľ̹֮ˣҫаģгһգҪ˴
һΪգ֮ѽǺն߰˰ˣȫϲ֮࣬ҲΪƷɵıԶǶеңֻǺþڣ˻ûĶãǰһĻͬʱ֮ġ
ǰҲ֮ôޱȺյͬʱ뵽
ƷɵĽ̫ǿˣǿŵˣǺ£ΣǣڿռͨڹǿĽǻͨһͬնȥİ
û˿ռͨϱǿռеĿռ籩۷߲ͨԱĿռ籩ʥľΪֻҪռ籩һɨǾͲҪ˵ʲôˣֻһ֣Ǿ
飡
һ죬ڰҫе뷨ո֮ʱк飬ſռͨҲնĩҫ˲ʧأΧĿռһŽճޱȣ˸סζܵĿռ籩ĳϯ
ڿռ籩ϯ֮ʣֻڵʯ֮䣬ͻȻֵҫ˵ǰΪɫ˿ߣͬʱǿֲĿռ籩Ƥһ㣬˳ɢ
Ȼɽ˿ˣԶ׼ǣ˿޷ˣΪޣܱסǲףǰһУûǸʵȥıʲô
˱˴˵УԷǽнԶһۣͬʱҫ磨ҫԼٻᣡ
ҫ˿𽥷ԶĶˣ˵ͷþԼһ˿ȵãǸСģٻᣡѾͷչ˺Լ
ڰҫ䣬΢ЦӦ֮ʱǽ˾Ľ˿ͬʱըѣռըһȱڣͬʱȱ֮ڣȱ˲պϡ
һµĸ߿֮ϣռͻأһ漴ѿһ϶ҫδӷ϶еһһ㣬׹¡
󺣣ôܵˣǶϰҫƲ˼ߣƺǰ׹֮ƣû˿ĵġ
ϻڵҫոʱǧɸ߿նҫ뵱ĸ߶ȣҲûʲô̫𣬰ҫʹˣҲû֮ǡ
ҫΪʲôڶ֮ϣʵ˵Ҳ򵥣Ȼҫڿռеͨߣǿռûб߼ʵģҿռܲȶҫͨһӣпѾǧľ롣
Ҳ˵ͬķҲŲͬĶλռ˿ռ籩⣬κεû׼ȷķλȻûа취֮Ӧλá
ҫ뿪ռ֮󣬺пܳⷽصκһλҲֻǻԵɺϰˡ
Ȼһ춯أҫƫе׹ڹµ֮ϣըߴɵĳҫף׵ڵİҫȻ˲ϣദۣҲ֮䣬ڰҫ˵ƻҪ
ѾͷҪֱһʱˣҫ̧ͷ˿գ֮ǰѷʧͬʱŤͷǰ󺣣һЦ
ֻⷽ򣬷Ϊ򣬰ҫ֪ԼƬҲ֪½жԶ½ٽҲλȥġ
һ⣬һⷽصĺΣգ൱Σգ԰ҫľΪλش½ֱ͸û
ΪһƬ޴ڵģĶǧϵϹޣҪ޾յλȥǳ˵Ρ
Ҳˣż̬֮֮ҫҲֻεĽֱ𣬼ȻԼԱôʵȻҲܱסģҫеġ
ڼҫһ̽µһ߻ָʵ֮ǰˣɣҲΪ߿׹䣬˲Сˣ״̬ʵǵԵĺܡ
յ̽飬൱һСʹ䣬ӦĵӦоеģС֣СɽСϪ£һЩСͶҲ٣ҫҲڶڵ֮ϡ
ֻǣҫСҲķ֣һ껹ûİĹһͷǧϹޡ
Ͳ˵ˣҫѩѱ𸮵һЩ伮ϵóĹһĵرڹķߣŴã꣬µƣаȺЧǷ
ǰĹػޣҫһηְĹʱͷػϿǳ˲ٵĿͷ
ʱҫ״̬ѣ۷ʱڵɣʥ³ҲͰٷ֮ʮѣһ棬㱻ıͷܣòǱѾ˼Ƕ׷ϣһ
ļҫһһĻָʵ뵺ĵ죬ָ߳ϣʥҲǳϣָǣֱһڶ
ȻҪ˵״̬ʮİҫжǿǲҪٶݵģ˵֮һ֮ڣԿŽǰʮʥ۷ľΪϰ۷Ĺ͸һ㣬ݺݵĽһ٣ڶҲǺݺݵĳһء
ѵ֮󣬰ҫҲûнɱϾ߱ɱ֮ˣʵûж⣬ֻΪػĹŻ԰ҫйҫҲ˶ɱֻǴ¡
ڰĹҫҲûȥժûĵرðȻժֻϱ㲻˽̣ҫҲǳҲˣҫȥԶĹڵ֮ϻϱ档
ʱôలµĹȥ죬ҫȥֿľ׮ɳ̲ϴеɹɹ̫˭֪ͻľֹͣͷϵĹæǰȥһ̽ͿòŮĽս
òŮӵҲţۼòŮӲȻҪ·ƽεһأֻһ֮٣ȴٴνҫ뵽֮һնƵС


 Сˣ
ǧϹޣƤ񣬹ǿצޱȣֽʯ翳вˣ˯ϲػĵرʵʥڸ֣ܲǡ
ħ֮һŵӣҶ£òŮӱȭ񣬿˵
òŮӵ۹˵ӰҫοԿȻһӣֻʵΣòŮҲûף˭֪ҫǲпõӻһˣҲԷ̯һԼѹԼʦֵǸϵȻΪ塣
Чͣҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
Ҷֻеǰһľ׮Ӧأһ΢߹ιָһ˲䣬ҫҶµţҶ¸Ӧ
ÿȴʦֻҪ֣Ṧôҫ˲¶డҶ»عΣŰҫǸߴıӰвĸ̾
ܣǵôҫһЦȵ
һ㶣ƺڻʲôȻһ͵ǣ˲䵱ҰڰҫκҰ޾ҰޣǹȻԣǱҫܹҲĿһɣŰҫ
ǳԲǴ򣬿ʱĽѵξôΪ֮ҫЦһӭֱ
㣡ۼҫҶһսҪȥҫƷ
أ¹űǣҫһЦһҶ£գ֮ѵǰһŭұȻһģѸƥݺݵҫԴ
ҫȻһЦһƫֵסľƣ˵˳Ʒתұ˳ƺͺؿڣĲҽҫһľжأҶµĽܸ˿ƣҫԽʹֻƾ˵ҫ˦Ҷ°·ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫһҲɣ΢΢һأֱ˳˦Ʊͺ֮ǰķλµĴӿ𣬻ʥ˲֣һ֮ĿѪεɳʮ֮Զ
ƣţ
ף֮಻ʮңȻ˸ߵľΪôܣԣ򾳽Ϊפղ֮˶಻ʤҲĳɵǰ߰ɣҶţҫʵʵ𾪲ѣòϣԼҫ֣жӲ£Ұܵ
ؿǰҫһƺʱãȻҪ׷ʹ򣬵һ̤ûվ֮ʣٿԾͷ˫ֳɵâնǵصƥޱȣն಻ԣҽС

ҫ֮ǰѾڵأһĵ˼дŽ֮˵Ĳᣬֻһ˫ɶݺݵĶŰҫţƺǲġ
ҫԴڵ㲻ҵĶֵģȥɣ
𣡡
ŰҫһУƺöҫ˵ʲôԴ΢΢ƫƿ˿ҫҶ£г˲ʣٴγŰҫͺ
ҫü˼һ󣬻ͷҶ£ʵ¹㲻ժĹɣ
Ҷµ˵ͷڻصûĹԼʦİдãòȡ
ҫ˵ͷҲǣеﾡãǵĵرôѤĿҲֻǺÿѣ䵱ɹ罫˷
ڰҫҶ½̸֮ʣȻҫһ˫ֻİҫͷѪڣƺҪҫ븹У׶ޱȡ
Сģͻ׶ˣŵҶ»ʧɫѣʶҪνΧ
ֻĶеˣһһһɫӰҫҸ¼ٶ֮죬ƿգ֮ǿƥգۼ㽫ļƴ˸ԴٴκȻأͺ
ҫȻڸҶ½ʵȫעɼϣոմ֮ʱҫԲ࣬ʳָָβֱָĴָָڿָۣҸ£񽣵׾ٵĻ
ҫһ˫纮£ɪɪһëȻɱ糱ˮһɢ˫ĿӿƼŵҶ¶ŵòᣬ²Ծ΢΢
ö˵ĻǾͿɣصıѾˣٸŷ翹ˣֵáҫɭȻһЦ˵
Űҫһᣬһͺǿϵƣɳۣٵ֮УĹʧ١
ҫĵ˵ͷܲɱǲɱĺã˵Щĵر֮Щػ޲ûǣԼػõıﱻˣҲܣ˵Լˣһ·Ҳ޿ɺǵġ
ʱҶס֮˳˼ʱʱĿҫۣƺڻʲôİҫڡ
ƷâָƷ߾ǻ죬ҫһ˼֮Ҷ¶Ȼ̧ͷֱӰҫȵ˵
Ұ¹δ棬Ҳǳ¹ôʶҵģлʲôҫԴһʵ
֪ôʱյͷڽпĺأһᵽ֣̾
㵥ǹƥϼ壬߳ޱ֣Լžսɱķĳ¼أˣĻƺűǳһۣһ콾УŽǰʮ֮ŶҶ»ǴһĽ֮⣬İҫһա
ǽеļ́ˣҿûôı£һᲢأҫɦɦףεЦ˵ĺǫ飬ﻹôСԵãԭҲڽг˵Сѽҫȥͦ˳ڵģ
ʵҲְҫ֪ԼͷѾڽдϾ񶼵Ǽ£ԽеѶϢʵ֪١
ʵ֮ͷԴ齭ȻɵĻƣŵ򣬻Ƹ죬콵˵ľǵʱİҫ
ǫˣʮ֮䣬Ѵ֮㹻ǲˣ棬һʵ˷лˣŰҫεɵЦҶҲˣȻһЦŰҫȭл
ҫҲҾЦѽǰҰҫͿˣڻʥ۷ΪȻֻ֮һ֮ңҪͻƻңңأ
ҶüһƣգգƤˮĴۿİҫһ죬һҶ¸оԼ̫òһʱһƬ糺죬ܲ˼ָҫĻʥ£ʵˡ׾׵̬ѽ
ҫһ㶣ʱҶµʣʥջأİҫҶСˣҫæСȡһߴһ߿ڻص񶼵ʱ򣬵õĶһ£ѣֵһᣬֵһᣡ
ҫҶ̸ⲻ֪ǰһҴϣͷһ꣬溮˪ĿԶĶˣ˫Ŀ֮ȼ˼֮˫ץסߣҪľʴãֱķŭ
Ȼʦǣ˭ˣ


 εһ٣벻Ķˣ
֮ϣֻǿһ˿˰ߵ龰ϺüֳֳŮҲͬʱ˰ߣҫҶǵĽ̸
쿴ʦߵǸ˭ĺɰһŮ˫ĿЦ
֪أʦִֻϵȡǰĹǵϵĴɣһ겻еӻص
ôȥŶСǱãۺ⣬ʼѣ˵ʲôأŮӿЦ
УҲ̫ٸܸߵȥҲǳǰĹб׷ϣʦһڸжأҿ˳úÿҲûʲô˵廨ͷѣһ毺õŮмķ̵
һİͲѱӶˣΧĵҲӣҸ棬ݵλȻ
죬Ͽ쿿ʦǴͷĿӣȻһȣΧĵ˲ֹס˿ڣȥæԼˣΨŮӣǰߡ
ʦ֣㲻˰ɣŮ΢΢һЦʵ
θɣһƲĻص
ǺǣװһӣƢһ֪ôʦֻҪһʦֵԽӴ㶼ʻգԷж˿飬ֲ̬ļģ̫ŶŮЦһ˿֮⣬Ƴһۡ
ǿһҲƽϣһ´󴬣ֱ̤߶ȥһ֮ɫҪѿжѿ
ʱҶҫٽ̸ͬʱŤͷ̤˶ӣҫüͷһ壬ҶҲͬһɫҲûкÿȥ
̤ˮ׹ṦףĿҲлӦʥϵΪҫֻһۣʵ˸˾Ųʮ԰ҫѰֿһ۾ܱʵϾߵ·Եζ
ĹҶµߣ䲢ҫҲо˶ԷеĲƣԳƵǵжԣֳĵ⣬İҫֱü˽䱸֮ġ
ʦ㣬û°ɣӴ˰ҫ󣬱㲻ǶԷкҲһһеҶ£еİĽ֮飬֮Զ׼
԰ҫȻܹΪλԼһˣԭǰԼˣҫҲֻҡͷЦԼôǵһЩĪһ٣ʵޱȡ
û£ҶµȻĻһ䣬ֱڿһİһ㣬ȫûͬŵĹذֻ֮ͬľǳƽ
ҫҵʦܣ壬޳壬λǱΪԽĿĻ죬ҫҶĺƺ忿̫
ҶµΪڶʼǿеĲʻ𣬿ҫ񲻽ֻǵѣһ˿ɱ⡣
ǻҫȥҲûдôǿһˣһЦƣͬʱ߳ɹƺҪҫһ
еңʲôӵİҫ΢΢һЦͬգǴ绯ҫľȲ˲ֹһǰ㣬ͬԹ̶˵ҫͬ˲ֹһǰ㡣
ղһĹѺ£ŵüͷĳҫѹжˡ
棬յҾʹѵѾϾųɹѹ£ҫԱȴлҪǿҪֲﻢ£ԭҫһúһ¶Էϧ嵽ƺԼ
ܿסҵɹûеôҲףˣûҪΪͲƽˣҫ뵽ջع㲻ǰӡ
ǰҫǰӣȴǽҧţΪҫʵԼԵ쳣ŭ˫Ŀһɣʮɹ׺ݵĳҫֱ۾
ҫüͷһ壬ԼĺķöԷƣҫһŭӿǰ֪ôļһһĻ䡣
ǰҫŭˣҶҲŭˣȻԼҫǳμ棬εĿѣʵ޹⣬ҫջعһ棬һҶ¿ͣ㲻֪ǳѣʵҶڣ
ˣҶûҫķΪҲеˣҫʵǿԼ֪ٳԼôĶ֣ǣǶˡ
绯糱ˮİŰҫƾϯҫݲȵ߳ɹ񹦵İһޱȣİոɸɾβ档
ͬʱǿĴͱɳʮ֮ԶҫյհʹѪһţһ¾ͰˣԹľ˵ҫ֮ϣݺݴܡ
֣벻Ҫ̫ˣҫջƣһ˵
ҫȻ鴫ȡˣд˽ѵ۹Ҳ㣬ǲ֪ʽϣҫпɷָһأŤŤȻתʹ֮࣬ΪĽ񹦵İȳ򶨵ɭȻЦ
쿴ʦƺڸӱˣһŮָŰߵΣھȵȻڰҫǰȫǶ˵֮ͬҲŵϺŵǿߣ屻ˣͬǳԾС
ߣҲǱȻģˣǴĻҫ԰ҫĹʦĻĶֿ֣԰ˣһеӺԺİҫ˵۵ľη֮ԿǰҫԺӵ֮һ
Ǻǣ֪ʲôսɲֻıƴҪʽãǿˣʦּʹʤҫҲܲ·磡֮ǰŮΪ߰ȵ֮ɶ԰ҫԵúǲΪȻ̧塣
ֻ뷨һӣ̾ͺݺݵĳԼһӣıԼĻ
ž
һѵĴ죬밶ԽԽ˶УŮͬЩʦֵǣһĿ򰶱ߣν֮˳Ʒɰҫֻһָϵ彣
ϵ޲ĪĿɿڴŮһĲ˼飬ϸͬһ㣬ͨһƬ
֮ǰԼĵΪ嵣תۼҫԼʵж֤˵ĲжЦ
ҫǰӣҶлˣҶ¶ŰҫȭһȻܿҫѾˣĻɾͲֻǱ彣ôˡ
ҫ˰֣ʾ޷ߵ̱ڵϣһֵǰǲһ˿ı񣬿ֱëҪ˵ɱ⣬ÿһй٣岻ԾĲ
㲻ҵĵˣȻĻѾһˣҵ¼֪ϵʲôӵôӦòϣ·ɣҫһ˵ǿֲɱ뺮ӿ˫Ŀŵֶ²ͷеĿ־ܺõıʱ˿̵̬
ӿɽҲ


 ָ㣡ô
ҫվڴͷһ΢Цӭ洵ĺ磬ˬǰһͷĴ󺣣Ŀ
ҴҶµĴһֱͣھµİ׿⣬ڲԼʦֵ̫ˣҶ²Ȱ裬ֻϵȡǰĹֱ³֮󣬲ŷźſӻΪʲôҪͣھµİ֮⣬ǿɲһԾϴչɱ¾ҲҶ·ԸģΣȴû취İ취
ڰҫͻȻ֣Ҷ´˷ǰĿҲԲɹȻҪظڰҫ֮٣ǱյҶµʢ룬ȥͣñľ֮ͬʱڼʶ˰ҫľʵҶµгһɸ˵Ŀģ˺󻰣Ҳ
ۼҶ¿еıʾҪҫҲʢȴɨ˶Է棬ͬʱҲŪԼںεأҶµĺ˴ǰħ֮һŵĵפء
ڰҫϴ֮ҲͬһЩȤ£ȱҫһָ彣ܵ壬ٱҫϽѵ֮Ե쳣ĬȻǲǵԹʱʱҫҫҲ̫ϣʹҫ֪жԼԹ޺ʵǣƾҲʲô˻ֻҪڲ֪ĳƣҫҲע̫ࡣ
Σҫڽ룬ȻһЩĽӵߣ֮飬˵Ͻŵ˵ǣ԰ҫ˵мӣ쳣顣
ҫҲ˿ûΪԼˣֺŰ裬ЩŵĵײһӶûУֵúǺˬͣһ͸ЩǴһƬ˵ЦܵĺܣһЩѧϵĵãԼϵļҲǺܻĽнԵúǢ
󣬰ҫС¶һ֣ӵĽߣȻҲһЩñ˺ãխ֮˶֮ԱǣԲмƵڴҲкüǵһưҫˣԲһЩ˰ҫҲֱӡ
ҫˣҺãҶãҲãҲ㵱£ҪǵͷϣҾʹĹȣַӽôˣ㲻һãң޶ûᡣ
ҫĻŴʻŵפأѯʰҫҲ֪Լڵķλ򿿽ĵشħŵΧ
ðҫΪƣû뵽ڿռﱻôԶ붫ǧľ룬ɼйؿռһУίʵѶҫ˼һҲٶ룬ɡ
ҫʱôһŮԻӰҫ
ҫתһŵŮߺһվǰͷ­΢΢£ָ½ǣһֹģԵúɬ
ţʱģʲôôҫ˵ͷڵ
ǸǸһ׽ʹãǸʶ㲩ʵ߾ɲָһ°ŮӺܲ˼ĿڵСӺ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ڵñܻŻ֮ô̫ðɣ
ģʦ˵ˣŻ֮ʵڹǲҪЧ£ĶУҪ̫෱ڵԣָһ£֪ѽŮӻæİ˰֣ڽ͵
ҫ΢΢ԭΪħմߵӦö׼֮˵ĻԼжħ֮һֵ⣬кܴĳ룬ƺԼ뷨еء
ʵħɵҲһˣѰħɵĵӣ϶Ǽ֮ͽȻһСֵˣֻӹΪ֮˶ѣһЩʿϲΪһ̸֮ȻһħɶһȺ֮ˣûۡ
ҫһ֮ҲԼеƫˣ˾ǾԵĺôǵģα߱ȱȽǣòȻ֮洦ɼħˣͶǻôǵģĳЩ˱ЩˣҪѪԣ䣬硣
ҫ΢ЦҡͷԼ뷨ſգаԼԼˣǣŮӣڵȻˣһ°ɣ
Ůϲ˵ͷϵ彣ȡ£һ󽣻ƻÿֻ⽣ȻƮ鶯ȴԵúӹͨûʲôر㡣
ŮӵΪûţҲʥˮƽҫһ۾Ϳ׽Ĳ֮ʱգСս۾֪٣һβ԰ҫʶҪָŮȫ׾ٵ¡
Ů֮ͣ󣬴˼ڴһ˫ˮĴۣգգͿҫСһæͷϸҫСŮ׳ˣ
ҫ˼ĵ˵ͷڵ㣬һĽʩչеƮˣҾӦҪעڽٶϣΪŮӣ㣬ٶֲϵȱ
ڶҪţÿγʱԿԼûţǹؼţʵʮ֮һӲ֮սʱܳԿģҪУҪԼԼĽġ
ŮĿɿڴһ󣬰ҫ˵㣬ǴҪԼǷȱģôһ˵ŮӻȻʣеŵĵ˵ͷҫ΢Ц뿡ʵСûٺ죬˵ллŤͷȾܣԼٴȥ඼ը
ҫƲƲ죬Ů뿪֮󣬺εĶͷ̾Ϣһðɣԭ˧ҲǼ鷳°
ҫϣʿɶֹʱһĻ֮ǰŮӣӴ¥ƮȻ䣬ɷģ߲ˡ
Ҳ˼ҫÿɷһЦڵǰѸ߰дϵòŮӣϴҶҲˣʦãˮ࣬˵ĽΪҪһ
ȻʦĿˣе˸еĹأҽȻŻ֮޼ɵŵӣǿŵĽôҲδ̫˰ɣ̧°ͣһ˫ĿȥҫģѵԼҵūһ㣬ֺɫҫ
ôǲʲôˣҿû˼˵ͬţΪˣѧ֮ϻཻҲûʲôɣȻ̬˷УҫҲҪп˵ľ򣬲ƽϣЦ
סڣʲôС͵ˣŵĽõָֻţҿ͵ʦŶԣϲ⣬Ǽ鼴Ŀһɣɷĺǳ
ҫüŭˣ˵ôƢˣĪͷһǳ⣬¶ݺݱҫ̵ˡ
࣬˵ǰ㣬ǿͣˣҲʦʦǣʲôҲʸѵңôôûʸܣҫһɽĻص
ĪҪΪʤʦ֣ΪԼ˲ˣʦִŻϣƽϣ㻹ΪԼ˲ôúýѵѵ㣡һȣŭڣһȻһ壬гӦʣҫš


 ˮޣ
ҫ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷֳɽָһӭĽƵƫ̽ס˽ҫķӦٶȺ֮죬Ҫʤڰҫǰ˸ϡá
ü΢Լͻһҫ׾ٵȥʵԼһ䲻⣬䲻ʦֶǳмӣڰҫǰƺһвڡ
Ϊ֣ˣôѵҰҫıˮЦ
ߣ֮ܣļʶҲôˮ飬ǽǻܵųģһЦ
ҫüͷһƣеıˮȻ綾һ趯Ĵҫ壬һĻǴҫ֮⣬ɼˮȻŽڣǽеʮˮûУô¡
ô°ҫֻ֪ıȴ쳣ľʣԭڵ΢Цһסˡ
ˮĽڰҫϣȻڴ̽һ㣬ҫе֮⣬ƤûбƣҲǣһҪˣǾйˡ
԰ҫµĿвѵıˮͣĴ̻ȴԵúǵȻΪ˲
˵ˮҲһȽʵΪֻαȽȷһ㣬ΪȻ֮飬ȴ߱еĶӦܡ
Ϊν֮飬ȻģǱþΪǿעģԲŻһαϾΪ
ӵˣҪﵽ뻯Ϊÿռ֮޷ڣһͷţ彫ܲסܵĳ顣
ҲΪʲôʮһϣس;аܣԼҲҪ㹻߽׵ĿʯԼǧϵ֮飬Ȼ鷳ﳬֵ
ؿǰҫһʱҲˮǳֻǽķ̻Ѿʼе㲻䷳һ񹦵Ĵ𾢣˲ڽ֮ϡ
ǿĻ𾢣ˮ趯»صԭеֻ̬ǽĸӾңԼǵ뽣ƺʵڲ԰ҫĿ־壬ҪҫĿƣԽԶԽá
ߣΪʲô˲ҲҫһЦеıˮࡣ
ֱҧҫı쳣ĿؽҧģƺҪҫҧһۼҫرˮ̧һӣⲻӻãһ֮¶Ȼʧɫ
һˮĽ洫ĸ£ûϸ۵Ƥ̳һˮݣ񹦵ļ»𾢣ֻʥڵΪܳܵġ
һ֮־ҵʹʶɿƣˮӦأҪжܣǷߺ޵ʶĵҫ쳣κγʦֱ۾ҫĴ𾢣յѪʹѣٲȻ޷ս
ҫʼնûһаʽֶûйѾʧȥսıǮôҲֱܷ֮Ĳֱ࣬Ԩ֮
㽣Ҳò˰ˣ࣬ЩҲ̫˳۵ˣϣһ㣬Ҫ޴ľٶĻҾӦò뿴ڹžսսɣԣǡң
ҫһӼҧ˵ɤ׶ޱȣɱ˲ⷬĴҴÿһ䡣
һﻰ£ҫҲһۣ߹ǻʧɫ࣬ҫ֮ǰһ˲ɱ֮ɫҲеŵˡ
봬¥ȣҶ³ڰҫǰǰǸ֮ɫС죬ֲ֪˵Щʲôһֹģİҫ΢΢һЦ
¹ΪʦҵǸĻҾôɲأҫխ֮ˣСĦԹޣֻǣһҸ棬ϣ¹ܹҫ΢΢һЦҶȥͬʱڵ
ϴҫ˵޷ҶԴǸĿǣص
ҫ߱ɱ֮ˣǣⲢҾûл飬ҲϣٷˣĻйڽսĴţҲӦĺܣҵɱ˶ˡҫ߱ɱıƳĻôŻ𽫻һйŭˣճɷɻҡ
ҫҶ߹ôһλҶ²֪ҫıʲôģȫĳǸı飬ΪɱѾԼˡ
ž
һŭ࣬ϵĲȫɨڵأˤ˸飬ǰҫĶ֣ҫݺݵһڶʵڶܣֻһЩйԼڵĲ˲ͱˡ
İҫյ裬ҪǲٱΪˣҧۿڳѪ˿쳣ɲ
ôӰҫʵǸʲôʦֶδĶ֣һ﾿ôģʵ𵱳ǿ˲ֹһǰأһţķֹһˣһĴڡ
ʦֲܣôһۣһĲ֮ɫ
أ̷ڵĽȷʵһҲŵţֺʱʤҵĵˣʱյİҫ㹻ʸһսˣһЦԴô汾Ϊⷬȷʵеſˡ
ûȹô֪ӮҫǺǿҲҪ̫߿ˣҶԴʦֵʵģʱȻܺݺݵĴܰҫҲȻ֪ζĿ꣬ҧгݵ
˵㲻Ҳû취һҪȰһ΢һμʱҾ֪һɱ֮ˣֻҪɱģôữΪȪΪҹµجΣЦ⣬ƺ԰ҫ˽Ƶġ
බ˶ӣһŶɴааЦݣߣǷһ飬Ȼ˰ɣȻٺúõĴһϣ㲻Ҫʧźðҫ
ʱҫߣŲӣһ㾪ȵڵ껣ɶ
һ֦ص֮󣬰ҫڴ֮ϣʼ붨֮ǰЩһ㶼ûӰ쵽ľֻһ£ǾǺú
ھ񶼵ս֮󣬰ҫʱ޿̲ǿЩأ־ѿռĴȣԼС϶磬ܲпᣬȴֺʵ
ҲˣϾ֮ʱİҫԲԼֻȫĵͶ뵽֮УҫҲɼܲ;ãΪʼվԼĹʵģĻǰĹҲҶµϣҫɱԽʮҶ¶ɱġ
ðɣͲˣͣʥ۷壬ҲһһϦͨģǾе㲻ˣͣڰ۷ĹͲһžܴﵽĵز
Ϊιһеޣһֿ©Уܲʵڣȱ˵ʲôƵģҵľʼճ岻Ѩؿڣʲô
ҫϥͬʱвţٳ޷ͻƣÿۿžҪϵˣȴƫƫֺܲʵڵĸоʵƵĺܡ
Ȼֻһֻȴȫͬն񹦹˼ǿʱİҫҪǿı࣬ҪǣһҫﵽĹǿǷ󺣵˫Ƶİ


 ţӣ
峿ҫһڵųһϣȻ뾳綼ûͻƣǰҫû˿ƣ۸Уȣ״̬ʮ㣬˫ĿתϢ˵״̬õĲٺá
ҫǵʦפˣ´ŶһϤҫ˶ü⣬ǵɤָ㽣Ůӡ
ҫ򿪷ţȻЦţ׼һ£ˣˣߵĴæ֪ʲôأ
ŮϰԵĵͷԼߺСҲ֪Ϊʲôһҫ΢ЦԼķþըһ㣬ҵĺܡ
ҽϹ溣ҫ㣬ãԺ룬գϹ溽Ͱ͵˵ʱƳҫֻǲҸҫӣƳһۣƿߣ⿴һ۾ӿһ
ţҿӦñСһ㣬ԺҾͽС溰ɣҳ㼸꣬ͽһˣӦòְɣҫˬһЦڵ
֣֣ҲҫƶѣұλʸģϹ溻æİ֣һʧģҫ۵ĺǵλŮȷȱţȱ
ɵѾͷֲǵԣʲôʸʸ񣬷ģҰҫ˵ʸʸ񣬴ӽСãҾ磬ôʹľˣҫµϹ溵ԴڵֻǰҫĶȴϹһ˹ȥҫһ̽һ飬漴һЦô˷ܹͷˡ
ֻǽĵһμ棬ʮĶ˻ʱ˿̵ĳβѣҲΪεʶŻöպĵ·ľʡ
ʱ󣬰ҫҶϹ溵ͬ£˴󴬣˽פصĸۿڣһ죬ҫ֮ǰڵĹµ˰ٱֹһмдС
ڵĽʩҲһӦȫ¥мǮׯھֶУ˵һиݽҲûʲô̫
ͨҶµĽܣҫҲǳһʶħŷפھ֮ϣĵһʡеħΧ콻ӳǹһ㣬Ϊħġ
ΧǧﺣڣеСƽڰ˵ŹϽһ㶼ɺ໥
˵ֻ֮ƣֻǽħѣͬʱһħϵλħţħΪĴҲ޿ɺǵġ
ڽλо֮һһ⣬ǧССĵ죬ƿ֮УӴͽ򣬾ǧӣŵӣн¾ŴӣΪͣڸ߲ס֮ϡ
޽֮һ״Ҷе壬࣬ϹĩβԸʹȻҶǴʦ⣬Ҳûٱʦʦ۸ȻҲ˳ܣ¶ĺܣ֪ôȥ
ڽŵĴʦʦ֣˵ôȤζˣʦ̷ڣѴ۷壬һѱ¯ĵز;ף飬ǣɱޱȡ
ʦŻΪͬѴڣӹ˵̷ҪѷǻӰпȡ֮½룬缲磬ƵĪѱλһһʤ䲻İɱ
ڽеλߣ뱾ΪֻԸȻ෴̷ƽ׽ˣ屡죬ڳǵĻģŻĺթɣڴһ֧֡
˻ƾԸˮ˭˭˴Ҳһˣ˵˭ûռˣϵľһ֮ҩζʮ㡣
Ȼ־ҲϾͬžԴ̼µӵϽУֶֺΪأҽҲһһİμ֮ˣΪ׼
ֻڽŵ⻹δ֮ʣҪӦһС鷳һƬ֮Уһûʵ߲¥ĿΧڸ¥ܽ£·ģƲϻֺҲһʵС
꽣֣ŵܶ棬߲¥Ϊ¥ǽŵı־Խƽ£Լ֮ãûټѰҲ޷׽ġ
ʱ¥ڣ֮ϣ̷Żվߣͬʱüչɱ֮ϵĽǶ˵ıǱȽϺÿˣҶ룬ˮüͷ壬ɫһɷǰһӡ
Ҷ룬ŵ֮Уʫ䴫̡һݣŽɾ£һװɨһһָ֮棬ǵ֮һʵǿ
ҶľΪѴ뻯ڣ䣬ȴɱŶʮ߰ģɼΪ֮ߣףֻôǿҲסĸ֣ű⣬ʵѽڼΣ֮С
ˣԺԺ˵Ȱǰ鷳СӴ˵Ҷ̾ϢȴǲòЦӭЦֶ֮ϷǴӳΪãϾСŮδ֮䣬ֶٵȵȣһʱգҲ̫ãȵСŮ֮ףҲ˳
üͷһƣЦҶ˵ҲҿȶΣսǧ֮󣬻ȥ֮ҹ£˼ĺ룬ʵǣҵĽϣܹ£
Ǻûһ׷֮⣬ɻеǱں壬ȴһƻ˼ǵ̷Żüͣ
Ҫǹ֮ˣǶҲôų⣬ʵ֤۴˾һɫ֮ͽ㴫κ˼һõҲû˸ҹܣԼʦ÷绪ȴͷǶˣǻǸ
ģҪǿķϣ糶һų죬һȥιˣƣûߣҶƿڴɱɲɫüЦԵúǴ飬еϳɾιȻǸޱȡ
ֶеļˣˣӼҲǳҿСŮδ飬˵ĸ֮ý֮ԣϷ£СŮϷٸֶһ϶ΣҶ΢Ц˵еùӻȥϢ˼
Ҳԣô⼸ʹŲˣԸǧɷһ֮أ΢Цص֮ԣҪŮ˼û⣬ҾȵϢΪֹ
ƤҩԽԽģҶŭɲԣԺתҪ˳Ӵظ
ʱ˵ʱ򣬰ҫҶϹ˴֮ڣҶ¶Ҷ뱧ȭһ΢Ц״ˣŮˣ
ҶչһЦ˵ͷͬʱתƵҶߵİҫһתЦݸʢִı񣬶ðҫڣ̷ŻҲǺĶŰҫš
¹δĺÿడһҶµĵ˫Ŀһ󾫹ⱬһܣ͵ֱҶ¶ȥ
Ҷ¶˶ƤһˣҪѿжѿ֮гɫǿʵҶµУһֻһ㣬ĵ¡
ǳɵǣ˫֮վλ˼ҫվҶµĲҪҶµǰͱҪƹҫ԰ҫĪľ뵽һǷ֮С


ڰ Ҫô
PS: βеĶֻһ£УԪ󣬷౬սᣬ飬ԣλǣһ㶯
ҫʲôˣһԼĵ˿ԺݵĴɱ¾֮ˣһƶˮ궼֮ˡ
ԣҶµʱ޷˵ȥΪҶµΪԸֵȥ룬ҫԼֵãֵþȥıģҲˣǰӰҫȻΪҶµ¡
ӼҫԼȴɲΪȻһЦ̧־һƺɨ֧ȡҫĲֺֿݣ쳣ҪҫɳȥõԼ·
ڰҫǻɲںʶҫǱѰҫ˽ŵͨӣԼɱһŵͨӣҲûʲôˣ˿ûĴ㡣
ʯһ˲䣬ҶЦˣϹ溽ŵסͻȻʲô̷ҲЦˣ뵽˵ҶЦĸǹȴɵˣҫһ۵סһֵ
Ӵʱ˿̵ı飬Ǵʧɫϴľʹʱ޿̲ҫǵ֮
λ̨δ棬޳Թ´ְɣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ߣ㵲˱ӵ·ɱ㣬ҲһĿڻصƺ󵽿Ϊĵز˿Ʒ
ҫǸ߸𣬴˵֮Դ߽ҲûټѰҫϰߣ϶ĶԷ趼ϲã԰ҫеԼȭͷˡ
󣬿ƫƫٲıҵȭͷǲįˣҫһЦ񺮹ӿĹһ
ڹӸ֮ʱȴҫס漴һֻȭݺݵĺԼǿ֮ϣǿȭûԼ°ʹɳȥҵʹ̼ԼĴԡ
һ˲䱳ϴľʹԼܵʯ۳ùʶԼҫˣǶǽ֮ڡ
Ӿô߰Դڴʱ˿ҲʶԼҫԲһϣҫǿ̫ˣԷƽһȭӲ¡
㣬ҴңѪָ̧ŰҫǲԵеţԼС޼ɣڼ˭Ҷһëһΰ򣬻ǵô˵棬ָоеޱȵ衣
Ϊжأ΢鸡ΪŸյʥҼĶ浱УӦˣҫһЦ˶ȭͷǰӶ˵
˫Ŀһɣŭ緢˫ۣһͷ˷Ұޣһ𣬴ǽϻ棬ɱӿָŰҫһŭȣ͸ȥɣƣ꣬ɱ
ǣ
һ£ſڴһһŮĻӦ漴Ӱܽţ磬һգ۵ĹԾҫǰҫЦһһᣬԵҶϹ溱һƿһĵĿŰҫ
˼ıҲʥڵһأҫǸ߸ۼԱ֮ƣĹԼ
˼ǣŮƣͱһЩӶҪ׳һȭ֣ȭ׶ȭ쳣񱩣ȭӰĺҫ
꣬γĶԱȣƼݣİСȿ缲磬಻Ⱦд֮ɼȷ൱ߵ衣
һһҼлҫҫ˫һתһԣһǳ̫ͼ˲ۣת֮࣬ǿᾢǣ˵Ĺȫ滯⣬ҴƫǵȭţĶ˱˴˻
Ųƣ
ʱ˵ı龪ȵԸӣҫޱȵж֮ǵĹƻҲˣͬԼĹȻҲƫ䵽ͬϣ벻Ҳ޷
ɸ벻ǣǶһ˲䣬ǰһɺһĻ𾢣ϯˣҫ˫ɽһŶ˺ȥ
ƲֹųҵĻ𾢣һĹѱʮֱ࣬Ӿͱȥ˺ɳ֮⣬˵ʵҫȸͲһˮƽϣֻһѴܶء
һĻҶ¾ϲӣҶüɫ裬̷Żһɺս֮ģĹӾʧ롣
ҫһգ䣬һݵ΢ЦӣͱŵòУŤͷȭҶҶ˵Ҳ̫ˣҲ˵ҵˣʵ̫ˣֹⲻ֮٣ٺݺݵĳͷ
ֶԲӣλɷǱ֮ˣϷָӲأҶ΢΢һЦͲðҫúýѵһԼһڶԴﵽĿġ
ŭȻĽǽһҫֿտգͽֳУԶ׼ǽ֮ˣֻҶְƫ̻ʵᡣ
ϼһģ𱾹ӼˣձҪǱӺݺһҧҶ뿿סֻܿԼˣۼҫǳСӣҲ˭ҪһëڸֱػὫңú
ҫŲһͣԴһᣬǲĿڵڣڵˣ
ڣħ֮һ䶦ʢʵǿޱȣڰ֮Уֱħǲ֮һ൱һĴڣħ֮¾ǿ
ǣ֮ӣУʶĻ̹¸ӿͷԷ书ٺúÿǿǴᷢ䡣Ӽҫͣ½ŲΪˣ쳣˫ָ̧߰ͷ­Ƴҫ
ھ£ҪôҳҲ٣һΣԡҳʺȥɣҫǰһŲ߽߷ɳ˴ڰҫǰЩͳͳһУ֣Ƿ
зɳ֮󣬱£ͬʱܣһռ䲨һˮ˰һ̼临ԭƮȻء
ֶãϷҲ̻λֻλˣϷҲﲻʵѰ찡ֶҲòҪȥüͷ򣬽д󻼣ϣֶϢһأҶδȴĳеĶߡ
ãڶ£ҵıҪľ˵ڶҲͰˣҪС䣬Ҫȫʬжݺݵ뵽һӣˡ
ؿǰڰҫ֮Ҷ¸æǰڵλǡ
Ҷ˰֣ҶµĻҫЦҫȻΪ
ҫ΢΢һЦԼȻѾôħ֮һһܹ֮˲ϳԼҲʲôֵþȵ飬ȭһ񣬿ڵҫݼҶ֮ǰҫˣҶҪ֡
޷ϷбµˣҲģ˵ҲӰϷһæ㡣ڣȥӽ𣬰ҫҽŵϱҪڽнӴɵˣҶչһЦԵ̷ڷԸƺ԰ҫкøС
ҫ΢Ц񣬿ڵлҶҫ߶ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷһĺ֮ɫҫ֮ҶҪҫȥ֮أҶƺܸҶͷӦ
֮ڣҶҫߣǰƺʲô֮ϵƲŰҫȴʲô˵ƺԥò˵֮¡
ˣʹֱ˵ɣǸŮԺãкô


ھ 겻뵹˵ľ磡
PS:֮ǰǰ֮䣬ǧ꣬ѾȫĻˣֱǸ
ô֪ģҶŤͷҫ쳣𾪣֮ǰһֱûб¶ʲôǰҫôֵġ
ûʲôڵеˣڽеͷҲڴﵽһĳ̶ȣڱ˵̶䣬ȴûбֹΪϱôҫ˸΢Ц
ҫʵǿҲϻ۹ˣ̾ȷһ󣬻ҫܹκֻҪҽõóģģҫڱǡԼΪūΪ澣ҲδزɣҶͣ½Ųȭףһ񿪿ڵΪūΪĸ֣Ǵһ˿˵ƺֻΪҫע룬¾Сˡ
ΪūΪ澣ǺǣҪ˵˵ʲô£ҲܺʲôĴ£Ҫ˳֡ҫЦ
Ҷ£ҫҽţػħ֮УҶ̧ͷҫŨŨ֮ɫϣҫܴӦԼĿڹϣҪҫǳҪ
ҫüͷһƣڵŶ
Ҷµ˵ͷΪĿڵ˵ҽȻλħ֮һɼİУǱŵһѹء
ħųħһŰһ֮⣬ÿʮҪ»һΣУа֮ڣһѾȥˡ
ҫüʵŸ֣֮಻ʤʵʲôã˵Уʵһľ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ҫһ˼άݣԼ켸仰ͱǱɣж԰ҫ£֮ӵǿ
ǣʵҲǰ׹ڵΪͳŵħ֮󣬰䲼¹涨ÿʮ»һΣ׼һ֮Ļƴðǿߣ뻯֮ߣԿλа֮һ
׹þҪͱҪʵѪҺע룬֮쳣ҪǰѵֹĽ׶Σһ޵Ǳھ򣬶һǼΪأҲˣŻ涨ĵҶ渵еҪ˵һ顣
ҫ˵ͷλԼͬյħ֮ͬһ˵Ҫʲô
ǵ̵ĶѣصĴСԼԴҪڵĸж٣ûĸ֣˵ЩֻΪ°ˣһزס
Ƕһ˵Ҫʲôǿ֮ţʵѪҺ˵ֻֽһֶѣеʮ󳬼ûбϿȥô򵥣֮ȫ޷ġ
ڲȱ֣ȱԴǰ£ôҪľЩһ콾ǣЩʲôȱǲȱ츳õǣЩʲôȱȱЩ츳ˣ߻ǽӳɡ
ħŵħ֮ģעһ㣬ÿһεİŸ½ʱһЩո¶ͷǵһǣõħ䲻˵ǿԣϰ˳ϵһΪ
ԣеıƴһĸǶî˾ȥʩչֻΪõħ֮ܵõһԴõġ
ŵرѧط˵޲Ƕ֮УջЩ˵ûа취ֵġ
ǣ˵ˣĺ£ΪλṰأֱϳҫҲòСģΪ˵ͨġ
ҶľλǣôãҲԼɣ̷Żɶ񾳵ģʵ˵ԼǶ٣Լ˿ãΪҪأ
Ҷ¿Űҫüͷӣƺ֪ҫڹʲô˵ҫкιǵ˵޷
λʦֵʵȫȥǽţԵöһôҫڵ
һ֮ǰ˵ʵڵģҫȫ֮أκ첻ԸҵҲ޿κΣҶ¿̾һ֮˵Ρ
ʲôҫ˶ü⣬ʵ
һ֮ǰڽųɵĳִ岮ǣǰȥħйعžսԼսƻʱڵķ飬ֻдʦʦֶܶ档
ڵȥһʱ֮󣬺죬ˮ༸û˾ʮ֮һĵһͷӵ֮ޣǿͻϮλʦֻӭս
ھһһҹĶս֮ǱߣλʦҲˣıǺλʦֵľΪȻ˻ȥ񾳵صʥڡ
ÿյҹҪ֮ܺ࣬ʹԵ뻯Ϊ޷ȥҰĹΪλʦġʵ֮ǰҾѾ˰ĹĴڣκεûг죬ʵΥ
ʹѳɹժλʦֵĺɾɹҲҪܳһʱ壬û֮Ƕ˸޷۷壬ʱϣѾϲˣҶ½֮ǰһȫгҫڴ˼֮С
ҫǰ֪ҲǿȰҫľΣ¶ԹޣϾ㻹ȹҵԼոҽΧ˵Ǵ£˷ʵΣҫܹ£Ҷ¿ŰҫüͷһԲֻ̾ϢһεĿڵ
ҲӦ㽣ָӦԣҫĿҶ£Ϊʵ
ҶһͬĻصһᶥλʦֵλãƴһս
㣿ʥڵʵҲ͸еһˮ׼ֻΪ㽣ŵ档ɣ峿Ҹ𸴣ҫȻһЦڵ
ˣҶҲٶ˵ʲôԸΥҫĲӦҲûа취˵ҪһЩΪŮҸеֶܵΣֻǴʱ˿Ĳڶ˵ʲô˵öðҫС
һ·޻Ҷ½ҫһߵ¥ǰҶ΢΢ǷڵҫúЪϢ±ȸˣϣҫܸһȷĴ𸴣ˣ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Цʾ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôֱ¥֮ڣŽգ¥Ҷͣһǽ¥֮УһĨһţ漴תȥ
ҫڴǰԼһ裬ҶµıӰʧһĨЦ֮ϵƪһӳԵʺ
꽣¥Ҷ¡̷ڡŻԼҶ룬һãƺʲôŻˮҶ¿ʵӦô
˵һǳ˼άҲ֪֮ǰ˵ǣ᲻ᱻʲôҶüص
ʦĺô̷΢ɵʵ
Ҷ˰֣ȻһЦûʲôʲʵģҪҫһ棬ǳ˷ӣûб·ߡ


ʮ У
ƻʱ֣Ϧб£ܶ潫ٷ֮ʮָϼֵı֮ӳһĿ֮ɫ续һֱĿ֮С
ҫù͵֮֮䣬ΧĺϼҫиˬڰҶǹɿթ֮⣬ԭеǷݲ֮УҲ𽥵ƽϢ
ҶΪԼεĺã˵˵鲢ïʮʮݼɣڰҫУ˵Ժģһ飬̾ͷҹᴩʼգй̷Żսˣ絹һ£Ϲ
񣬰ҫŵ˴̽һЩѶϢ֤ʵԼ뷨ҲҶµĻԶԼ˵⣬Ƕġ
ĻԣԼҲ̫ѶԷ˵ҲʲôԴڣԼģٰһغˡҪǶģǾ͵սԼ׼ˣʱɾǻ֮Ѩ
ţʱ󷭸ˮ뵺ƳףҪûֵľգʱڳϣԼִ¸ǰȥħ£ŷ쳣Ŀ飬ʦʦֱΣΪ˱סܶ治ݻ٣֪ȻȻգƴֿˡ
ȻλʦֵͨЭ֮£ܶñҲ൱ĲңλʦˣÿÿҹҪ֮ܺ࣬ΪǱʥ֮½˲֪ģֻϧεİдսҪȫʦһ˶֧ˣһŵļӣŰҫ˵
ҫ˵ͷȭЦλ̨֪ˡ
ӦõģҫɷСˡӸæ񣬽зе콾ĸǷ裬԰ɿ񣬰ҫĿ֮ͣ⣬кøд
ҫÿɷһЦͷʾתȥٴ˳˼֮Уʮˣʮͽ߸ӣʮҶ°˵һģһ˵Ѿȫͳһ˰ɡ
ҫʱڣֱ˽ھʮͽӼҶūͣйҶһǰϮľˣõĻظͬС죬ﵽųɾŵƳ̶ȣðҫȷҶµĻԲš
ڰҫĿĵı֮߱ʣǰԶһƬ֮˰ҫ˼ҫ΢΢һ㶣һ̤֦һԾ𣬲һĹ򣬱Դͷ
ҫŲһҶ֦ɣṦΪվϸС֦֮ϣ̩ɽӸȥǰһĻðҫȻһЦһ˲ðҫŭݡ
֮ϣϹڸŮԽӷҲǽŵĵӣ˱ԵΧʮŮŮΪͣ˵ıָֻţǴǵ֮пԿǲ۶ڳЦǳЦĿ꣬Ϲ溡
ҫΪʲôŭΪϹ溱ԵӳֺǳͬŽϼǳƴɱȻ˵ĽƱܿϹ溵ҪǶɵ˺Լֿ⻮ŮԹؼλĽ·֤˶˵Ĵĳ
еͬдУأҲУϹѰģǲ
ӾΪ˵˽ʥڣҪ߹Ϲһ㣬ӽ˵˳㼫׼ĺ̫أܱƵϹǱȻڰҫǶ˸Ϲ溵УǶѾǼǿĴڡ
ʦãʦֽ̹ٻˣʱҪݲȣնоåкηֱʦֽеʱ䣬ͺúĥһ
ЦһгһϹ溵ֱϿһСӣ˿ڲȴպûϣ¶ϸ۶ѩ׵ļ
ϹСˢһº쵽˲æס¶ļһ·ģȴʦӱ󻮿һпڣ¶
ܵĺȺڴ壬ԻǲϹίӰ涵Ĵͷ­ǰλʦʦ־ԼԼǺ𷴿֮ġ
ϹǸ¶ͷк˱ҶСԸټ츳ֺһ㣬ЩʦʦżίҲֻԼ̡
ҲҸҶС棬򱻽ѵĸңö֮Ҳ˳ܵԸ񣬽ձȥ͵ˮҫ·֮߰λʦʦ㣬ȻǱ£Ϸˣǲһ
ҫŭͷϹ溾ڿԼڿɽׯΪһ֮ʱҲ裬ʱ˿̵Ϲ溾ԼͶӰԼԹۡ
СĪţдڣһģҫܣϹ溶ʱһϲعⲻ֪ҫͷ֮ϡ
ʦã˽֮ʱǧ򲻿ɷģҪˡϹ溵İʦչȣŵ΢Ц̧־һ绮ȥ
磬ҼҸѣչгü֮ʱҫϹ溵ĶߣϹ溵У糱ˮһӿհҫ˵һͣպöչȵĽ棬̶ֱֳֽԷҼҸѣǶ쳣
һŻչȣһļݣæĻӽأյĵϹ溵彣ڹĲ࣬Ϲ˴ƫ
ҪţתУԿ׷ҫٴγ֣Ϲ溱ƫΣ˳һתһ彣һƬĽӭֱչȶȥ
չǱϹ溸Żˣͻʽ仯ʵеֲۼâƵ֧׾˲ֹòǱ
ʱܵЩŵĵͽȫˣϹ˲ķѹϣе޷Ӧ֮ǰһϹ溵Ǳ벻ǻûǡ
һϹ֮ǿȻܽչȱˣֱˣǰ󷴲֮ǺãȻֳѻȸ
Сã㹦˾Ҫʽֲ˵ʲôʲôգúõĳһڶϹϲͣŰҫĻ֣ůʮ㣬쳣ļᶨų֮⡣
ۿչȱϹ溱ƵǱһԹϹ溵ʦС˫æ񣬳һɱϹ溣ҪչȽΧ
Сãʽϣܣҫһﻰ䣬ϹսأżһС˫ĽպûϹδ֪Ķᣬὣһɨâ£͹ˣֱϹ溵Ĳ֮ȻǶɱġ
ֵ˳ʱŤתȦȫۼС˫ĽɨϹհҫ˵þȫסԷɨ֮ƣת
С˫㣬彣Ϲ溵תƴƫȦƲס彣ݺݵ˦ɳȥ׹һϹ溵彣ѾͣԼļͷ֮ϣһ˲䣬ŵʧɫһ˼ĿϹ溡
Ϲ溻֮ҲλԼʵе𾪣ڰҫİ֮£ԭԼôǿģչС˫ˣʼδġ
Сã𾪣ʵھҪǿﲻֹǣҪԼȱţʵŻᷢӲʮ֮һҫ΢΢һЦ˵
˵ʵڵģǹάϹ溣ԼָҲҪ˼ҵķӦܸϲУϹȫܹӦĹ֤ϹĺʵֻǷӲѡ
ֳһƬžϹ溵ͻأǿѾڳĳЩ˸еһ˿ķΧ˵Ϲ溵ʦ췽ֳֻ˰ҫĴڡ
˵ʦôһǿô࣬ԭڰ㣬ҫ鴫


ʮһ ҵϹ溣ԣ
췽չȡС˫ڽһС壬˴֮ζͶ²˵׼񣬵ƽҲǷĺܣŽƴһЩ鵹Ҳ˲٣ִ˲ƣľǽ̵ԼʦõĽˡ
еƱۣƱħΪħɵĶЩŵµȻѱƽ캦УԾҲУ֮ͬӲҲȻǱزٵġ
ڽУϹ溾ǴĿ꣬Լ޸ĸӶԸ쳣κ鶼ԵеȱʧԼҷſֽȥ
СʼΧѹ˳ܵԸϰߡʵһֱ⼸ȫûн
ҲڵΪ츳Ҳͽ˶ѣö֮Ͳٶʲô̫ҵӣϹͱһԵĽ䣬ʽ
ƽʽܾϹ溣ڰҫİ֮£ʣչС˫ˡ
սΪһ̷ڣŻҶ֮µĵˣᱻɵһصĶ󣬳ΪһȽȽǡ
Ȼһеʼٸ߰ҫҪﵽЧԼϹΪãôԼܵ˵裬൱һ㣬ҫԶ֣չС˫ҪڴϺü¡
ؿǰһ𾪵С˫ƳһۼͷϵĽ棬ͬϹ溣沿𾪵ŭһŭ⣺ѾͷĽÿ㻹ɱ˱С㲻ɡ
һָ߿ŭȣŵϹһ£һӻع鱾ԣæ彣£ͬʱʧĶС˫ȭʦ㣬Ҹողǹģһûס֣ʵڱǸ
ž
һ֮ǰС˫ļŭҪĶ֮𣬸оԼ⵽ƵС˫Ϲһ⡣
ʺӡϹǼ֮ϣʹ̼Ϲ溵Ĵԣۿ΢΢һ죬ĻϹһίͨӣС˰벽ͷ­ǿſ⣬ҿС˫
С˫һĵ֮ɫ˫ۻںǳѾͷ飬㻹ˣҶԱС㲻ǲ֪
ˣ췽С˫һ֮󣬾͸е˴²ƽʱûʲôҲʹˣϹûǸȥ
ɽʱͬգһĴ򲻵ãҫȻϹ溣ô֤Ƕ֮ĹϵԷͬһ㣬ҲԼûѣĻǰһĻȫԱ⡣
ʱ˿췽Уû˰ҫӰȡ֮һ񱩳ȵĻԼ֮һޱȵİҫ
ֱ棬һɽѹȣȻС˫˫һصĹڵ֮ϣԭڵɫѱȡһֱֻչȸǱĺëֱ
ҫվϹǰɭޱȵ񿴵С˫ֱëֲĻȫûϨƣԽԽֵı˰ҫеŭ
͵ѹܽŵ˺ü¸ʹޱȣС˫һƣҫ𣬴Ϲ溵ɫ͸ԼһʲôǰЩһһ̵Ļ䡣
Ⱥöۣ赱ôҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ͳˡ
Ȼһӣһѹϣڳʮȫ죬չС˫Լ췽ˡ
ȹҫһ񹦵Ĵ˵ϣȾΪҫʥ۷ֻ֮һ˿͵֮˦Ǽ·
Ǻ˰㷴ãͬߵĺȺڣͳͳҫ׷죬ҫ˫ݺύĳһƬĻӰһӣһƬĶص֮ڣ֮ÿ˵ɫһͨӡһ⡣
ȺҼţξ͵Сʹ룬´ΣͲһôˡҫƳһˣ纮һ㶳飬ֻһ˵ֱӵֶΣһ֮
㣡ֻĳͷ̫ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢еɱԽŨȫС˫ϡ
С˫ŵúݺݵĴһҶһ£ΪҫɱҪ
ڰҫɱ֮ʱϹ溵Сס˰ҫĴ֣ҫͷһϹҡҡԴʾҫˣ漴չһЦڵ״磬Сû£ʦʦֻǸд裬ҽѣո̫ˣǣ
ҫ̾ϢһҡҡͷڵΪǲŻôߣڻãҪ뿪ˣһôԱ
ǰ״̵һЩ죬Ա֮ͺôϹ΢Цص
ôҫһۣϹͨӣĵ
ˣϹҡҡͷ΢Ц
ҫȻҽŵϱҲҪ̫ˣԼеʵҵȣҪб£ȥҴʦԼʦְֽǣʲô£С˫֮ʣһϵӡֱʹ飬Ҳ֪ŰҫЪ˹ĺ
ҫüһɭЦȥǣˣȥô̷֣֣Ҳ˺óһʱˣôĿǵʦô
ѾϢ˼ޣܱҫ֣Ŀ֮̾һԵɤ̷Ż˲ҫǰ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ҫʵ̫ҵȣֱڶԱƣλʦֳ֣ͽչһˣæܵǰϥأͷһ۰ҫҧ˵
ˣкκԹӶĲôҹһȥú÷ʡŻ纮˪һǳ
չӣмʹҲҶŻԼλʦֿһĺ֮ĵӻûд󵽻ĳ̶ȣ֮ǰôˣŻˡ
ʱŻһǳ֮ȫԵһ㣬ԹԵ˿һվã֨һҴԭϹҲվһߣȴҫסС֣Ʋӡ
λкɿǵӣǴǶǰҫЦһٲȻǰ˵Ŀչӡ
ȷˣÿҹḴʵҵȿ಻԰̷΢Цص
ҫ΢΢ҡͷһֺܹŹ̷ֵڣһʧ񣬿ڵ¹˵Ĵʦ̷һ䣬һ֮ˣڿа
̷ɱ΢ЦʵҲףҫֵ˼
ҵ˼˵Ĳ˵ѣ̷ڵǹأǼթأƤǺĹԵˣҫǸ߸𣬷̵
һ䣬̷Żͬʱüɫ쳣ѿͬʱһɱɱ⣬Űҫֶȥ


ʮ Ūȼ۽
ҫ֣治˼ƣҲδ̫˰ɣ̷ˮ˵
ҪôðνϮк絹ˣ޻̸̷ֲ̫֮ϷôҫЦһ˵
ʱʵڵģڳҲǼ֤ߣҫǣ֤һʱ̷֪ɱ⣬ٴαֳһݲȵĵɫ
֤ǺǣûǸҪѾ֤ܹ֮ʮˣ˵˵Ƕ¹һ΢Цص
ԭʵˣҶۼ֤Ȼһ̷ںŵ΢Цص
㵱ɵôҫһص
Ŷ˻⣡̷üͷһڵ
ҲϻˣǵĻʵ̫ˣȥƺоݣǣȴҵĶ䣬ʵ©ٳҫϷŰЦڵ
к©ҫʾ£̷ڿڵ
ҫǸ߸Цȴʼ˵һͷΪѵҶ뻯ߵΪⲻˣ㲻ÿЦô뻯ߵĿռ֮кãӦòҪɣ
̷üͷ壬΢΢һ벻ҫĶϸ£жȻ𾴣ԭΪҫֻһû뵽Ҳͬɲ⡣
һֻһһ©ҽʹʮɵ˵ǣǵ˵¹˵Ļ˾Ųʮݼӽ
ɾΪ˵ĶһſɣûпʣûԶﴫһ·ֳһ㣬Щһ˵޴Ǳһģһһֶģ˶˵˾絹ˣʵ˵¡
˵ͬĻɺϣҲɺϣĸʮʮ˶˵ͬĻͬ޴ǣͬıֶΡ̷֡ɵӶó׺ÿİҫȻһЦ˫ֻ˵
ڳ˶һҫ˵ͷͷǵϸţֲĹ۲ڳ˸еޱȣҫĲ˵֮⣬֮ȴıʿǻۣ벻ġ
ҫɨһΧ˵֮ɫԼ̷ŻĳüչˬһЦڵû꣬ΪǵĻǰʵǿЦĺܣ֪©ô
Ը̷꣡˫Ŀ΢΢ʵ
Ĺ¹˵Խǵĺ֪ô˵һʱҲûסЦĹʵŵر٣ǺױҪ⺮ĻֱĨӱȽϿ죡ҫԴȻһЦһ˵
ǰŪЦһأҫֲ֮ߣڰ·磡̷ڱȭһ񣬴ıԿ⻰ǳģһ㵹ðҫж䲻ʲôңֻŻһųɳĲٳ
ôлҲö˵ˣֻ֪Ǻ«ﵽʲôҩҪǽμӰеľȥͺиȥ갡ҫ΢Цһ˵
«ʲôҩôҲôŻ̷֮ǰص˫ĿޱȣһƼңֱҫ
Ǻǣֶҵĵƺ൱Ĵ󰡣ʱ仹ǺܳһЩҪѶϢûüռѶϢ̫٣ҷ̫ĶһҿԿ϶ǲԸҲμӵİɣҫһ䣬±һɱ˵ƣŻͥ񣬲ֺ
Ƕ˵ʵҪƣֵõţŻһԽԽǿܵΧȺڶгһֵ㴭ϢУ̷üͷ壬ƳһŻʦܣˣ
˵Ҫôʦ֣ŻһųҲ̷һص
˱ŲСĸң˴˭˭Ȼûʲôɫӭ̷ڵɫҲ̫ÿŻһۣҫƺʲôЦԽ
ƣܱƵħŵİ֮һҲֻǿһţħˣҲµûɣҫÿɷһЦһǰĶ˸Ӿɲ
ȥɣ֮£⴫ʲô³Ż絶˫ۣɨˣ˱壬ӣ˱ȭһ񣬴Ҵȥ
Ϲ溿˰ҫһۣ۽ˣԼλ˴磬ʵˣͷԶ˵Լһ磬λľϲȥ֮ʱǳЦ
ҫҲͬЦݣʾ⣬ϹСٴͨһƬӿȥĲҫĴܣĳĶߣСãҪԼһ㣬㣬պĽһϯ֮أ
ϹͻȻͣס˽Ų̧ȥ۽ǵỨһ˫۴ûᶨ鿪ʼȻţ磬Сòʧġ
ʱˣ˰ҫ̷Ż⣬û˴ڣҫ˫ָԴŽűߵӲݣԵú磬̷˵ı飬Եúء
ҫȻ֪һеԵɣ벻Ҫ±Ҫܣ˵֪㱾ŶԣǻǸһͳɤͻأĳڰҫĶߡ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ŤͷɨһܣЦҶµǸģ¾ͷģ
ҪҶʦ𲻾ɣŻȻһȣֳɽָһָҫһƽâָƿգĲ˼飬գ۲ٶȼҫء
ҫҲ࿴һۣһӣ𾢲֮ϣʵޱȣһ㣬׾ٵĽâݻ٣ʧΣǸݲȵı飬һ΢С¡
Ĺ߳ɹĽɵ߽⣬֮¡ŻɫȻֻһƽԼԴȫûзˮԼ֮˵С¶һֵİҫҲԵ
ƣҫˣϷֻնѣҶ봫˵
˼ҶˣҫǸ߸Ц
ҫϹžڹķ񹦣Լ񹦵⹦Ϸû˵ɣҶһưҫĹʽȻ԰ҫһָơ
ǣҫ˵ͷûие˿⣬ȻԼôһУȻزš
Ϸÿռ֪֮̽ҫĹѴ۷壬ȴٳٲͻϾ԰ɣ
Ҷһ˫أҫθڣԼֲʵڲ֪ÿռ֪֮̽ҫĹ״ҫûһ˿Ĳʵȷǿֲĺܡ
Ҷ˼ƺܰͻƵ֮ôҫü⣬ҶϵǱѹȣȫûзϣעҶ뻰еǱں塣
еǣΪΪΪȼ۽ҫŲμӰ֮ս۳ɰܣϷ򶼻ͻƵ֮ΣҶ׳Լյĳ룬ݳ԰ҫ˵ȷǺ
ҫͷ˼һƲƲ죬ЦһΪ


ʮ ŻսӰ
PSܻᱬŶ
ѾһּޣؿǱҪˣѾļޣԳı״̬ҪûбҪֹڰ۷壬ֵ
ħΪʲôҪңҾҰɣҪȽҲμʲôսôоڼƵģûȥħҲûħ˽֣ȥʶҲҫͷԺзת˼
Լħ֮Ҳû̫ģħĴ﷢ˣŻҶ뻯߶Լмӡ
ĻԼոտƣѾҶһĳĭˣǿ뻯ߣֻЩԼͬΪ뻯Լ΢ĩУûҶӵĵزնܣֻƶѡ
ңλħ֮еñʹߣͷҪҫμʲôսֱԣҫڼ鿼ԼƵãҫ൱ơ
ƹƣôðҫΪϲԼھ񹦵İ߸ҲһˣÿתߵھٻѨ龭ʱ򣬶һֹĿնС
һΧǸǽĴӣñȽ󱻸ǽ֮ȥҪʲôĶӣֻһ˲ڣʮϣǿͻؿڣ
ҶĿǿƺʮİðҫľ񹦸һ¥ͻǾ񹦵һ㣬ﵽľ֮һԲҫʵȻͻͽǿֹ
˵ҫȫս׷֮еɴʲôʡ͵ĵƣϣҫǡ
ҶѴ˰ҫ˼ľѳۣҲҪʲôҫ΢ЦͷڵҶģҫػԴ
ãϷ㲻ٴˣһ䣬ҫо֮ܵУʧʲôҶѳȥ
꽣¥߲㣬һ鷿֮ڣҶһСһڣЦҫһ˲ţ䣬ʵǳͣͨɾͱǲ£ſҪཻòǡ
ҶһЦڵƭĻǰְͲҪȡЦŮˣ
޷޷۹ģӲʲôСǼ֮ˣĻʦˣҲҪ̫ϣϴҲΪġҶ΢΢һЦƺеҶҫ˫ɶԵ˼
˵Цˣܹùģǰչ֮սҫصıºܲ򵥣˵ǼйأҶ²⣬ֻһȴҶһ̫ÿ
£ΪȰ㣬йشеǼ£ǧ򲻿ἰɱ֮ôҶ˵쳣ࡣ
ŮףҶ¸æһҶϵͻȻת䣬Ūֲ֪Լʧԣٶ˵ȥ
ˣ°ɣҶ˰֣Ҷ¹ȥ֮鷿ֻ֮ʣҶһˣֻ֮ǰһȡŸ룬дŸ룬ŷɡ
ҫǸˣҽſҪˣϣڻɣŸ뽥нԶҶ̾һһӹŴ
ԹתҶһռȥ֮󣬰ҫ̷ŻһۣҲ໰ȭһ񣬿ڵ̷֣֣ѶǾʹ˱ɣ
ҫδתѱŻס
֣к£ҫƳһ۶ԷĻص
ʰҫ־ǿǳ֮ͬܽһаʽֽ̼УѣɺãŻ˫Ŀֱưҫţɫ֮սʮ㡣
֣Ȼ£ǰҫϼУҲҼʶһ½ŵĸ߳ҫȻһЦԼ˵ƲжöսҫɴûѹοǽһǿĶ֮һٺòġ
ʦܣڿ²Ǻʱɣ̷ƳһŻȰ
зִ磬ôһԿűǣŻص
ҺȰ㲻˳ɱû㣡̷ںŻһۣЦ
ߣ˭󻹲һأ
ŻЦһ쳣ֱưҫȥŲһ٣һƬӰת˲ѳڰҫǰָһ㣬ֱҫüģƥֺֿݣһֱǱɱ֮ơ
ҫ΢΢һЦŲһƫεˣ̧־һƣƾޱȣ纣ͺŻĽָ֮ϣԳ壬ף˺ƺһϯܣεľҲҡڲ
˫໥ѹȣŻΣҫǶ˰벽ȻڹϰҫҪѷ
ҫŵЦݣʹ֪ԼҲûŻһ˿һľ⡣
ŻȥҲûʲôϲ֮ɫ˶Ǹ֣սҪ˵ʵֻҪԨֻ֮һǰ㣬ҲʲôԵƣһҶ֪
ֲôҫһŻϵ彣΢Цʵ
ֿտգҿɲռ֮ʤ֮䣡ŻĻص
ʤ֮²Ŷԣҫ䣬һ˳ƺģ漴񱬷һĻŵͳֱ֮Żȥ
ƣɽ
ƷŻһָɽתһžҫĻݺֱһһתצĻʳޡ
Ӱǻ
Żƽҫһ֮󣬰ҫһüޣǸ߸ԾӰƥĻ𾢣ԼԵ˫ĵ⣬Żüͷ
֣ýһԣҫһȣ䣬Ƶ£âѵԾӸ֮ƣ̩ɽѹ֮£ֱŻͷ
룡
еǴ׾һӣҫһϰԡ͡УŻݺҧҧԼĽʤһ֣óľƴ֮ټָʩҫ֮ͣƵ߲ѡ
Ӱǽŵһ⽣ľһֻ֣٣͵Ϯɱһ·ӵʽ⧲֮£ҲҪμ׾
ŻʧȻҫǿѹˣһʵܷӳҲӦԡֻ˫Ŀһߣ˫ָֽһĹ켣趯ɭɫĽת̣һһǵ̣ҫǾһչҵײ
Ӱ񣡡
һ죬ص֮ڣŵĲٵӳϣǰ̽飬߸ĳʯһ㣬òˡ
ԼԼĳ֮ڣӰȻײһӣ𾢻ŭˣϮܣӰ֯գۼԷɴ֮ܳأһ򣬷ٶȥ
ڣŻҫˣ
ݼʦǣ
ţһԿţŻղס֣һҪȷҫİȫݺܲ򵥣Բʧ



ʮ ʥװף
PSˣֻһ·ϣԪ£֮ọ̈̄Ϊһľšλϴǣְ֧֧
һɫӰżĽڶ֮СһӰſֲĴףźɫӰ˦Ѳá
Ӱ˴˲Ƴţľ֮лһصķ羰ߣԼɢˣ˽˵ӣִ£ܳģϵ£
飡
һ֮Ӱݺأ˴˶ӣҫЦĺ⣬Żһڶ̶̵ڣϽɴʮ֮ԶͬʱֲϰټǣɵƲĺˣҲǿĺˡ
ҫʼնȡƣʽϵƽ̴ŻĻӰ޷ȻתʹȰҫߣΪȰҫǿǳԿͳԿڰҫսϣŻĴǱض๥٣Ǳѡ
ȷνҫ䣬һЦڵ
ҫȱڲϣȴûһѪ۳֣԰ҫǿֲȻɿֲޱȣ壬ܵˡ
ڰҫȥˣʵû˵٣Żˣҫǿֲʷʵͷʹĺܡ
ԼҫһԷƨûУɱҫǱڵĴŪѪڣͬգʹޱȡ
ŻҪԼ񾳵Ϊ˲ųͰڰҫˣʹˣһδεĳһδεųŪŻĽͷöޱȡ
ҫеĻҪǿʵ뾳ȫȣǿĿֲͣƱ仯Ī⣬ѸѵÿұеʱܲȡĹƱ仯ҿƵġ
ǿӦĹ̬һﵽôģֱǸŻɵж԰ҫʵίʵ𾪵ĺܣ벻ͨҫôﵽʵģҫһ·ϵľʵ
ɷϣʵȷǿҪҰν»̫ŻԼ侲˵
ôĺν
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢һһŻʥµչ֣һԵ쳣ȿ񱩡
һգʥſʽŻԼһֱŶ˵̷ڣ¶һ֮ɫ֮Ľ֮һš
ף㵽֮ˣŻʵ
Ҳ¾֮һţ˻ʥ£żȻ֮һ£ڲ֮ءҫŵĻصϵЦݣŻ˵֮С
ԲѣŻ쳣ŭҧ˵
ǲǴԲѣһ²֪ˣҫ΢ЦصŻ쳣ߡ
ΪĲ񸶳ӦеĴۣŻŭżһ㣬߸Ծμת֮£İ׹⽣˸ɭɭ⣬к£ǵصĽӰܼ󣬸ҫһ˿ĶĿռ䣬Ȼҫû㡣
Ӱ»к
ǺˣȻҪ˲ɣ
ͳɤǳͻأĳ̷ڵĶߣ̷һͷһް߰׵ӳУæȭʩ񣬿ڵ쳤ϣǽȵġ졯ҫνŲμӰ֮ս
ŶǸҫѹԾŻɱУɲܣʶˣͲ֪ûǸʵȥˣӵǸ߸ƺ԰ҫܸȤһ㡣
˳ֵһ˲䣬֮УһӴܳʮӰЩǽպøŻʩչɱУ˲
ʦڸ˭ԣ֮ǰһƬ춯ǳǶ˰ɣ
˷˲ɣȻܣӲʦֵĽУҲôҷ
ߣĸé®۸ֵ͵ͷ࣬ҶʦֽҪһսֱ޴
ǺǣǲŶԣǡ졯ҫǸһ֮ϼ壬Ӳޱֶžսɱ¾ǧʿɱŽɱʹǧ磬ɱɽ״ǧ¿һĿǴʦһǣǸ졯ҫ
ڰҫͷֳ֮ӵ˵ĵ˵ĵոһ˲䣬Ż콣ӰҫС
ֳʱһƬž˶ĿɿڴĿǰһĻҫ˲ɽĽâԼϣɷǳǣеĽâڴҫһ˲䣬ȫһߡ
ҫϾһ㿴ķ֣һ˿϶۽âңܼȴ˲һëʼձǷȻЦݡ
âΪ֮صŻֳͬһ𾪵ģԼųɹµһɱУȻҫһëûնϣ벻𾪶С
һž֮ٴαһ۴󳱣˵ĻﶼڰҫϣһĻǵż𺳣˶ǳʶһ㣬ǾǰҫʵͷҪͷ
֮УȻд˵ȱ£ѹִ޿ַ֣㹻۷еĹˣ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬵ЦҫĻʥ¸סߡ
쳤ԼǣʦٲĻذɣ̷ڷǳϿɵĵ˵ͷڵ
һЦ˫ĿһָĪǳЦ૵˽ΣûǵڷѾŻĻӰƵġ
۷׷ףҫ˫ۻԴ΢Цڿ԰ν˰ɣ
Ҳ֪ΪִҪҰνŻŬԼƽĺһڣʵ
ڵʵֵνʦܳǶڿأӦòϣǿԼ޻֮ҰϵĻɣҫЦ
Ը
Ż˫Ŀü΢΢һ𣬱ϳʣҫֻоǰ׹һȻԾıһ˫ۡ
һ˲ı֮󣬳ڰҫǰһͨѩ޻ˣɢŴɫӫ߳ͬʱһļ¸ӿڰҫͷ
˵ʵڵģ˴ʱ棬㲻ҲνʵǿĳҵԤϣʸҶװף
֣Żɱ¾֮һ˲˼㣬ɭȻֲĽɱܵΧ۵ǺëֱӾ۾ĽŶ˲ţ´ʲôʵĻ棬Ƥգһµġ
˽װףʮ֮аҫüͷ΢΢һ壬δ֮ȴ֮ܣǰƲĳıˮͬͬ
˼ʧӣŻüһĲ֮ɫ
һΪǱšȷеʧˣҫʵڵĵ˵ͷŻȻŭͬʱеװסҲ΢Ĳƺڱ԰ҫǷӵĲ
ϻƣҲе߶ôżһ㾡鳩Ѫ
ŻɭȻһЦ**Žװ˲䲻ڲӫʢ˵ʵڵģһֱɫȥеŭ̫ˣ˴Ҫúõķйһ¡
Ż׶ı飬ҫεķ˷ۣţ˵ôõôһɱڵôҲûкְܹ


ʮ ׶׹⣡ʤ
PSԼᣬֻһŶ챬ҪˣǱˣĿԴɣˣף֣ͺҵϣձ˹飬С۶һҿĸ߸˵Ĺɰɰɰɣƿƣ
ҫŤŤӣӫġװסĸ֪ȫܸܵǱܣҲ໰һ̤ڵһ㣬ֱŻȥ
ŻһЦװ׵һӣһΰ׹⽣âҫ˳һȭâ׾ٵĺɢֻȴ΢Ĳͨͨûʲôرĵط
ֽս˲Ϣ䣬ҫеĲ죬һӶûУɾһ벻ʱŻһӰ֮˲ڰҫǰͬʱѳӰ
üġۡҫϵҪͬʱܵװ׵һΪŻٶѾ쵽ĵزֲʵ
ٶ̫ɵӾλô
ҫһתһ٣ţ󵲣һһ£պõסŻҰеĽƣұۺƳһ˦üһ鿪һĶˮĲ˼飬׵ĻŻĹơ
ʯһ˲䣬˵ûأҫƶ˫һ趯ƾдգ켣ʵѱ棬֮£ʮӭܶŻ
ƣţ
ԻߵĽţŻһһҵķȫعмı壬漴һɨǿĽɢһأâһҫ
ҫһЦȫһ׹أǳıܿһУֻҪٶȣҫѷŻһﲻֹ׹Ŀ죬Ż׹ĸ죬һء
ÿٶȣ죬˸죬һǿ֮һǲСװ׻ͨĺܣȻܲȫҲչһɣҪѹأ
ҫһת׹һ˲䣬һ䣬ͷ½˫ֱոصŻ𾢲ѵ羪κˣɽкһǰޱȡ
ƣƸǶ
ߣ̰ʤ֪䣬ʶһ£װ׵Żһۼҫҧţкᡣ
װһԴԴȥʱĿİ׹⣬̵˫ĿʹޱȣЩΧ۵ĵǹģæֻ̧ס˫Ŀ᲻̷ڶʶ˫Ŀ
װסܾͨĹע׶ޱȵİ׹⣬Ϲ˵Ŀ
棡ϵͳⲻԴ壬ԳӾ񾭵ٽ㣬ʥ¿ԴϵͳѽԴӷΧ֮ڡڰҫԺУĸϵͳǵȫĺܣǼð׹⣬ɰҫȴٴС
ֻڰ׹ͻȻ£ҫʹɿĻǲˣת˲Զɢ
ŻΪҫУʱЦͣɱһװףһƬĽӰ⻮һɭ׵ĹĻٶޱȣƥͬĽǶҫнҫʬ˼
Ӱ磡
ƣҫȴ൱ڻʥµĸ£˫Ŀ˿ûܵǿӰ죬ֻ˫ȻתӶ֮£һǳ̫ͼתͣǿжŻĽƽͨͨſ㲻մ
Ųƣ
ŻŵĿһĻж֮ŻҲҫʩչ峿ҫĹƣôн仯⣬öɱ˴˻
ʱʹеŵҲ˿ʲôر˲ĵطһȫͬĸоˣɾʹʽԼϸ°ѿأίʵԣŻ𾪵Ĳһ㣬ǡ
㿴ļŻ
˵أҫɭȻһЦֱһƲֹ֮Ӱк羪κһӿȣת˲ԽŻС
ƣޱߣ
ӭıƾһĺŻ֮ϣȫ¼˸飬ʹŻʮɹȥάףҲɾܲҫ籩ƵĴ
϶ѻƲӣڵѪǷҲ´ҵʹҪŻ˼棬־㹻ǿͲҺˡ
ҫʬΣŻĲΪˣŻһŭȣ𳬹޵ʮɹҫ𿪡
ۿеѪ˿Ҫռ۰ףԭʵټһţ׶֮ɫôǰҫ׷ʹĸô̵ڶֱʲôѣͳͳ׿ԺҪҫնɱйͷ֮ޡ
ˣʦܶ˱ɱ֮һԹս̷üͷһҪǰȴһְֻסá
ʲôڣܳʲô£ĺúùսɣⳡսǺ壬ǺаģԺ˵̷΢΢һ㶣˵ͷ
ῴǰŭɶŻָ죬𣬰ҫһ֮ĬĬգ֮侢ȫȹĵȫ۷壬ٲȻһ²ļơ
֮ϵŻһɭȻװ׻һĿԵĽ֣װٴֳâֻһιâûôң쳣˳ۣϽ¹һء漴һֲĽڽ֮ϣɭޱȵĽŻֱҫͷ
Ӱռһʽɭ
Ϊһ֮ŻԻӰĽָһ¥أ΢΢һЦ޵
Żʵ޻һҫԵñˣƻȻ𣬵ͣâʵʷ趯Ƽңܼ꣬ƥҫص֮УͳϣֱŻȥ
ռһʽ죡
˻һƽ޿ƥ֮ƣĺһ𣬽ڣ񱩣һһһһַǳ˵ƻײ죬ɭơ
ֳĽŵӿǰһĻĿɿڴ˵ǵĸйܵ˼Ĵ̼ҫŻļұƴԣ𺳵Ըӡ
飡
ĳ˵Ķߣһ׹ǰװ׺Ʒ糵һ㼲ת󵹲ϣŻſһѪȻһݺ׹أؿһĿĵĵۣɢ𾢡
Żصһ˲䣬ҫҲ֮ͬأⳡսʤˣȻɣҲƵǴʤ
ʼգҫһֱھԵϷ磬ȻڹھΪ϶ŻսٳƵı仯ҫʼϣŻƵģҲʤԭ
ҲǰҫһսʤڵĶ֣ȷʵ֤˰ҫӵԾλսʵһжսʣ£ڵĶ֣Ѿٶв
ҫһ۵һήҵŻüпʼԾɱǲɱ


ʮ ɱɱŹֵĹأһ
PSף֣СϣʱΪ6㡢8㡢10㣡
ʦˣܣҫֻʥ۷ΪʦֿڵΪװ׶ʤô
һһʲô˵ֶΣΪʲôÿÿռȻʦֳԵģ˵öˣŵ¶ʦַʧ
Уʲôãʵǰҫȶʦǿôˣ㿴֮УϢȣõ֤Ⱥ׳ջʲôŵȥĨڰҫֱ֪ν
˵ʲô˵ǰ׳գҴ򲻳ɣ
ʹ
ҿ
ߣƾ㣬˭һأ
ʱֳʵַǷڳĽŵӷΪɣһΪҫƾʵѧӮù䣬һΪҫˣʲôУʤ֮䡣˫ִһʣμĲɿͲû֣ίʵַǷ
ʵħ֮ˣһǿΪȻԼɼҳϣһǿߣеľη֮ЩνʿҪǿңҫһĶǿߣȻӵдӵߣ֮⣬Ƿĵġ
ʱİҫΧֺĳΪǽüͷƺһ൱ŵľ񣺡ɱɱأɱˣҿӲŶΪСɱһѾһģ϶ڱСʱаҲͷʹĺܣѰ찡
ұ죡³ɺͳǲг𣡡
ܽŵݣһʰʱһŭȣֱӽܵĳǣ̷ӣһױȵİǿѹڳˡ
ڳĽŵӣһŭ֮˽Ӳֳʱѻȸ廨صɼڽױȵţ˶¡
һ𣿺еĻҪȥ죡˫΢΢ǵĺ⣬˺ëֱ
ŵĵ˵һ֮һܵŵèŵ˻Ų·ɢȥ̶̵ļʱ䣬ֳ˰ҫһʣҫһ
ðҫЦˣ벻ҫʵǽɽ˲ųǰ˰£͵Ϸ򼸷ֱ棬ʹտɺã
̸Цһ̧ſһڰҫӾУΧĿռﶼգ۶վڰҫǰüЦĿŰҫ
ǳ񾳵ĳ֣ŻɱˣҲգҫԺһг񾳵ĳǿߣԼҲûᶯɱŻֻգǶӣȭʩǰ̧ˣ΢ĩֵһᣬǰЦˣ֪ǰγƺ
ҫ֣˱ִϣ쿥壬쳤ϣ̷ǰͬʱһƲŻ䲻˵ֻеҫкһء
Żϥ˹ˣ֮ǰԼڰҫ֮£ױ飬ǰһʵʵڣ壬ǧУʹޱȣѪͬգƱеĻҪأһʱָ
ԭ쳤ϣʧʧ֮ǰһأ쳤Ϻɷϣڵһӡ󲻴ĳˣҫǺܿ׵ġ
ҫˣ֮д裬ǳе£һ˵С˴ţҫ黳쿥˻֣΢Ц˵ҫкøд
ǰؿ㣬Сڣҫڹά
ҫȡЦϷˣ֮ǰʦ˵ΰսųսϷһ㻳ɣϷһˣ԰ҫʵϷģҽűȻñ֮λ쿥΢Ц˵
ҫһЦڵػ߾ܣԴʱɫ磬֮ǰĴսĲƣȻȥЪϢˣ֡
ҫᣬŻˣд˽ѵպҲһ£ҫȻأúϢսϷΪ㰲źõġ쿥Ц
ҫ˵ͷ˵ˣ
ڰҫȥһŻǻǱڵĵྡྷǣҫĹеĻҪȻԼһʱ䣬Ž仯⣬м˵Ĳƽ⡣
Ż֮󣬵һһ̷ֻڣ쿥幰˹֣Ҳ˵ʲôһ֮ɫվһԣȻԼڰҫϣʮʮĲġ
ӣܵĺܲ쿥嵭ƳһŻɫɽǻ԰ҫʱǰƣһ߸ϵɡ
Żһ˵ͷɲһԡ
ôһΣͱưˣ˾ˣӮ˾ӮˣССʧܣҪĻⱲӵĳɾͣҲ˶ѣ޵ĺܰ쿥˫ĿһֱŻǵͳŻķӦ䲻
ҳŻɱĲΪˣŻ˫ȭ߬ҧгݵȻǵԼҲ磬ǵô˵ʵ޷ܡ
Ҳö룬һ£Լܵ½ᴫҫٴηҡֱϣԼΪĵʯ֮һ
ɱûϷĳ֣ɱŶԣ쿡ûĺһŻ߶Ȼһʱ亹ֱҫĲһжԼɱ֣Լľԩˡ
ħһǳпֵֹĹأ֮ڸŸɣڣڲˣڵսһ֣²޻ڣԹκ˶Դӣκɶñ׷ɱź֮
ǰĵħ֮󣬰䲼ĵһɣ˼ҲǼ򵥵ĺܣǾͬŲɱֻҪʵУŹֵùأʱõ˰ǿҵ÷ڰֶεѹ£ҲϢģĬĬܡ
˭֪ûãزų⣬ӳ׵ִȥΪʱԼڽ˳ɵõˣʵ϶ߣǵˣ˲Ȫӿһŵʵ߳ɲֹίʵ˰˼⡣
ʵ벻Եɣֻȥ̰ģĵûشҲ򵥣ֻһ仰ಫܷӳһǱһѪȵأӦ·Ҳͺ߶ˣħһ˽ܵõطҡ
ˣ֮ħеɶ޻޼ٵִŰĵɣдúôǣħŵĵ˸ηɽսĻħ֮˼ƴҲǵ٣׺ˡ
ڽʮ󳬼֮Уħžǿһ콾࣬Ϊĵģ󳬼ҲЧ¡
ŻʱǱŲˣʱҫִҪɱԼ쿥廹ðҫ֪صĴڣԼˣ˵Ǽģ亹һðʪһƬ
쿥忴һ亹ֱźµŻεҡҡͷȥеɸֵζ˵֪ǵԻҪĥǽʱɱҪɱҫʱпԷµɫôˣ¸һ䣬ڽҪȥú׼ô
̷Żͬʱȭڵ


ʮ ͬǿգ뷢죡
ҹҫ¥ݶͷңǿգߵľƺһھƣȻԼȾ֮ˣǿպžƵҲ
΢ľҡڲһ~~͵΢磬ҫʱĺܣɲΪ¶ġ
ڽܷס֮λҲĿ֮ڣԼˣ֮һ仰ùʹ򣬴򲻹ˣɲΪԼʧ˽žͻᱻų֮⡣
Ϊ¶ΪԼܹμӰսĻôľ£ŵõĺôƾԼʧˣҲܱסǵİ֮λ
ǵȼ۽úô飬ħʹһҶҲ˹£κκôҪһֱʣİ췴ˣû˻ɻе˽ֻر̸ֲ
ҫ뵽һ֮ҲپǰľˣλħصĴкξģǾͲö֪ˡ
ҫ˲ôٵѶϢҲʲôаԣˮڣպսʼȻзٶҲ޼¡
ԣҫҲپڴˣһ˵ֻҲвΪи˴У˵һһʼƭˡ
ˣˣɣ֪⣡ҫ˫ͫһƳһֿڵ
ҫôҵģҶµӰл߳΢Цʵ
Ϣ˽Ųƶȣصĺܺãҵ۾ҫҲҶ£ԹԵĺžơ
Ҷ±ļϵĵɫۣԼϵĵױӳǵŵʣ˵޲ɷҲƵϾɫ
ɾҶôޣҫʼնûƹеľƿҲǰҫǳֻҶŮ˲ȤѣοԼ
ҫΪҵǵĻҫⲻˣҶ½żһ㣬¥ݶ֮ϣŰҫ΢΢ǷЦ
ҿȥôСôǸĻɲأҲûϣƣΪҲֲ㣡ֻҸ˲̫ϲƭĸоѣҫһھƣڵ
ҫػΣ˷͵Ƿһ飬κѴܹõµģűɣǣҶ±ȭ˵鼫Ϊ࣬ûһ˿֮⡣
ҫŤͷҶµôſһᣬҶûһ˿ҫжӣҫһ᲻ÿɷһЦ˻ξƺڵȥǵƣ͵㻹ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Դʵҫ˼κʱҵ΢ĩ춼ﲻæ
Ů̫̫ɶ̫ãЩʱԺ㷴ãңûġҫ΢΢һЦ»ǿա
Ҷ˼һȻһЦ˵ͷתȥ֮󣬰ҫʲôʱʼϰһ˿ǿˣʲôʱʼء
ͬһҹħĦ±ԵǻǳĵɫӰͬһƬǿգӿʷǷһϯɫںҹ֮Եøҫۡ
ҡҡеľƺȻһЦһھƣеһۣ꣬߷ϲӣʮˡ
е΢Ʈдţҫѵպ
һҹķɣҫ˳Է˯жȹͬʱһýһΪ֮飬ǾǼ˾ʹ
ûҲ֪ҫ׳Դʲôҩﲻϵս˽һˣýһĵǼ͸˹Ƶġ
һкŤͷܣȻĽҫʵǿƽ޹ʵİҫҲôܵģŵĵȻ׺ҲŰ
ҫⷬΪڸտʼһǷŭĴдĵҶ״ӣ塢ࡢչȡС˫췽ڵţҪΪһص档
֮£ҫʮжӲ¼ܣ˵彣ҫǾޱȵĴ𾢸ճˮ˵ܵ൱ѿڵȥͷĻأҫҲ𽥴
ò˵ǣڰҫĴ˽дļŵĸ߲ŲʣֱҶҫ״ʱŵõӦĻظǹ̲Է̫ˣҫѧٶӦøлҫŶԣҰҫҲʾ£ˣ
Ǻǰ״ˣٴλͷ飬ܾŵ֮İҫ˵һܼƽֶûУһг̷⣬ܵС
ǰҫ򲻹̷ڣǺ߸ҫ֣ÿζǿܿŪðҫޱȡȺУðҫϲĪǲ²õãϹ溡
ʵϲĲֻǰҫѣŵЩͬǾϲĲУⳡսϹ溵ıֱּ̾Ϊֳֹʮ㣬ʽ仯ˮ̥ĸԲΪ
Ϲܹ˰ҫʮвŰҲ˵ʱ˼ҪǿҫϲգֹҫݺݵĿ佱Ϲ溣ߺߵĲûιȥս״̬µϹ溣ǸСŮδ䡣
ʵڰҫٴμϹʱѾо˶Էı仯ϣţɼףʵʵڵʥʥڵΪν֮˫ᶨƣ쳣š
ǰҫͣ뿪˼ӣаһ£½ŵĵǣǣִȫԭΪϹ溻ӳ˭֪͸¶ǷţڳҲͬоϹ溵Ĳͬнޱȡ
ս֮Щ۸Ϲ溵ŵƴֳϹˣЩһ񵽱ƵģΧϹ溴ת꺮ůػ
Ϲսҡһ䣬ΪһǿĵˣΪһص󣬿жһΪֻõҫϿޣ˵νҪʵʡ
ˣҫ**Դ΢ЦĿʱϹ˲ʶһ㣬Լٹµˣǰλ磬ԼֳԼеĵλ˿ȡ
ϹҲҫסһԭн黳İҫϹ֣ҲεĺܣϹ溵ʱĻ˵Ȼǰҫãչ˰ҫʳҲ޿ɺǵģԷǳļ֡
ҫҲʵû취Ϲ溿ǷǳִֵģסȰֻΪԼһѾ߰ĴڣϹȴС
Զ֮ҫĺܳʵʵĶ£ֻһʽѡ
ھһ˼֮󣬰ҫżȻԼľΪ񹦶ʱ޷ͻˣҪʵҲֻܴʽ֣ǺŵĵȻͳĥʯ
ҫԾľһ̵ʶʩչԽ¯࣬ͬʱһӾϲڵҹϲҫ˯Цĵز
峿ҫҶ¡Ϲ˳һֻ󴬣﷫Ҫȥķħŵ֮أħ


ʮ ҫǣħʮ˾ţ
ǵˣħǣҫǣ
ʱĺУҫ˵ִħǵ֮󣬰ҫǰһе죬ڴϵʱͶħһССĻ룬ʵĻ룬ŲСĳ·
ҫеħգܣɭɭĻ˳Ⱥ޶ݱأ׼ɱ¾Ѫȣֲκһεˣجѵĳ̶ȣǰҫеħ
ħأģﻨ㣬ǫ񣬻ݻûѹûвƽȵĴһƬٵľ󡣴ӸۿħǱĽӴٵҫǳ¥֮£һ·ϵ飬һֺĸоﲻħɾ
ԵҶָǰɰʯɵĳ¥˵ǵĿĵ֮󣬰ҫжħѾ˳׵ĸĹۣȻɲԼ֮ǰĻ뷨ߵĶŮΪᱻЦġ
ߺˣֹʾǵǰһɫߵľʿҫ£Ϊһ˿Ҫ
Ҷµ˵ͷϣԷӹ֮ϸһۣȭ˵ԭǽŵλʧˣ
ҫ˱ȭ񣬰߽ڣҫ˵ħǿسǵͽʥڵΪ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڻصħصķʮ˾ţ
ţҫ΢΢üڽпɲôãװ
ţʮ˾ħֱ֮ţÿ֧ǧħͽɣÿһʿʵҪﵽʥڵΪ׼򣬴Ӷʮ˾ŵս֮ϡ
ʮųְλȫħ֮״ӵΣҲʥ۷ľΪ֮ǰ¥µЩˣǵʮһŵͽʿԾҶȻһЦϸĽһ
ҫ֮˵ͷжħʵȻ𾴣ʵѹħܹŹԹΪоԵֻǰҫǾʼ޷ͻ룬ħ֮ĲԪʲôɡ
¹δ񣡡һͬ׵Ŀ꣬崺ЦݣԼӾʿڰҫǰ
ͥˣ˷سôҶ¹˹֣΢ЦصϿƺе㽻顣
ǰսħŵһʢ£֮ãλǣͥ꣬ĿҫһԵȴΨûҫ
˸ˣλǴҽŲμӴ˴ΰսİҫҫλԾųͥҶȻһЦ˽һ±˴ˡ
Ŷҫһᣡͥüһòƣ΢Ц
һᣡҫͬ΢Цͷա
ҫǸ߸ϴ˲ʶ˶Է뷨һߣֱͨ۾Ĵͥͥ񣬲·硣
ƽӷģӿȣ߳ɹѹ治ǰ׵ġҫ΢Цг޵
ޱȣһҵļ֮ȫȣҫȴеĻҪأͥкȻɴݡ
ֲӣٴηֿⳡн棬ȥƺƽɫ˭ûռˣʵǰҫմһϷ磬Ͼֻʥ۷ΪͥڵΪ
ҫȻײ鴫ͥȻһЦڵ
ϾˣСҳݣҫǫѷһЦڻص
ҫֽʶʵһ£æ֮°һݱƣҫٰͥ룬ƺԵһӡİҫкøС
ҫȻҶڣۼͥʢȭȭҫҲɨ˼ҵ棬Ͼ˼ҿһ֮οҫͥĵһӡҲҲûӦ
һ֮Լõصʱ䣬ȥͥȥѲǣҫȥԼŵĵطҫҲĳҫ
ҫħڼϳסһĴ;ۼأռشﵽһĶרŽӴϵĹסҫֻħŵڲԱһݵ
Щδ֮еֻסС¥ͨջҫûʸȻΰս󣬳ɹ֮УǾʸˡ
ҫһҲðҫʶһ·֣ſһֱԼķ䣬ҫıһֱ˫ʮǵ״̬ŪҶϹҲεĺܡ
ҫʵǿĿֲǻ֪ԭһ棬ʼδģҲΪҫһ±״һ·û⵽˵ĳЦۣҫûκξı״̬
ҫסһҵĶͥԺװλмһƬСͻ԰յأ˷̣һжŵĽɼħһŶŵӡ
˷֮󣬰ҫִҶ³ȥúó棬ҶҲѲãֻϹһͬǰȥϾҲܷ̯һεĸо
ѽһųһкܶҪأһ㣬֮ǰ׳࣬˰ɣҫһҶǲ̫ÿɫƲƲ쿪ڵ
磬֮ǰǹôϹƺ˰ҫĻлڵ
Сô뿴Щ˶ұȽвѣڳЦңҲڹ۲ѽҫ΢΢һЦϹ溵Դڻص
ɨϣһߣ߶ʮĽʮλߣԴﵽĽ׸ߵȣٽ׵ĳ̶ȡҫٻбʲôôڰҫԺУҫ˵ע⣬ΪľóɨˣӶõһϡ
Ҷһ㶣漴Цҡͷʼղ²͸ҫһı֣Ǵзǳ׼ȷĿԣ¾㲻ֻԣҫԼ
ţʲôҶ¿ʵ
ʮ˾ŵʮųжǿͥʵ洦һʲôˮ׼ҫ׳Լһ⡣
ͥʵӦôΰɣʮ˾ŵľųʵβ룬ǵľ˳򲢲ʵߵͣȻǿǵһţûиı䣬µĵˣǵھžųҶ¿ڻص
ѧʲôΪʲôλּôҪһ׼ȷʵԱȣҫԽȤʵ
һзлʼΪѴڣʵҶ˵һ˿ɣеɬеΣƺе岻֪ò˵
һֻ֮ʮ֮ڣɴĻ˴ʦʦֵ֮ƣҶ˵ǲἰ£֮ǿʵ̷Ż빥ɱˣһ㣬ɻܡ
ȤҫǸ߸𣬿ⳡսԼûս֮󣬱Ȼޱȡ
ڰҫһ·ϱ߱ģǲһ¥ż֮ڣһһŮԶԴʼնŰҫ˲ţϵǳЦԵúǸĪ⡣
ҫʲô˲ĵطһ裬Ц
ŻŮĻص
ǣΣһŻǿʵģ


ʮ ŵ콾ǣ뾾
ħʮ˾ŵѶϢ֪ľֻôôҫ˿裬Ǹɬ΢ĲˮУҫ˵ľΪ֮һ˲ˬĸо
ҫ¥ż֮ڣҫھ¥ʱͻȻ۷ѡһ俿һƷһϸĴ̽ԼҪѶϢ
Ҷµҫħʮ˾Ҳ˳˽⣬Ҳֻǳ˽⣬ΪҶ֪ѶϢ൱ޣһǶ˵ħʮ˾ŷǳأصʹǰˣյȫѶϢ
ֻ֪ôˣʮ˾ŵĵһŶǹţ֧൱أפħܶĦ룬ҵһڶеųǹãʵǿķ˼ҶŵƷһŨ裬һģڻص
ðɣȻˣǶΰսɴʲôֵùעĵطôҫ˵㣬ʵ
ڳ֮ǰʦѾˣβμӰսܹʮţֻдﵽǿΣܱס֮λҶ»ص
ǰǿ֮أҫʵ
㣬ҾðҫҪģֻҪǿ֮о㹻ˣεĸֿûһʡ͵ĵأǸ
ֻ֪ǿ֮£ҫһֲɵĿǣҶµĻҶ˵ʵڵģİҫĺ
Ҷ̾˿ҡҡͷ˵ǿ֮󣬽׷йħֱɵģ˵䲻Ļҫʹʵ߾Ҳʤˣ
ҫƲƲ죬Ц
ŵġӡ磬Լڵ֮һʡСҶһ˫Ŀ磬ء
жǿҫʵ
ǿĿֲ˶۷ĳǿߣֻһš罣˫еҫˡֱԣʵ޷еκһƥУڲСŰҫûаȻǰ˵Ŀ꣬ҶҲֻε̾Ϣҡͷѡ
Ժ£ҲᣬԼĶ֣һǶδս콾ǱȽϸȤ¹͸˵˵⼸˵ѶϢɡҫ˰֣ڵ
ҫִˣҶ»û취Ȼϣҫ֣ǿɲ⣬Լһ򲻹ϾǰҫĶ֣Ȼʮ㣬ԼҲֻϢˡ
ðɣƲŵĻڵĸУʣ˷ֱǺɽŵġС֣йġǧﲻ١˾պ㣬ɽׯġڿġιӡܲѣս񵺵ġսΡ
˶Լţȥ֪ʲôƲ磬Ҷ˵֮󣬲ûдӰҫϿʲôصɫ̾Ϣҫĵ㹻󣬲֪˵ǹţɵ󵨣ƺ֪Ϊ
ˣҪСĺɽţҶƺʲôĪһҫΪ֮һ㶡
ΪʲôҫһȻʵ
ΪڽսɱҶ·˷ۻصҫɱʱԷϸûֱ֪ӾͶˡ
ʵҲȷˣʱҫסʺԷ뱨Ҳ˵ɱʱҲɵĺܣһжûãֱŤ˶ԷĲӡ
Ҽǵ˰غɽʲô£صָӲ󣬰ҫвʹԼϵĶʲôͷǣ˺ɽžе㲻֪ˡ
ǺɽһöӣͬʱǡСֵõܣ㲻Եɱӵĸɽ˳Թرĸԣɱõܣ㱨ôҶ¿Цһ󣬿ڵ
С֣ǿôҫʵ
ǿģжӲ£仰ǳҶµĿڣһͷ䷢Ŀӣһ٬ޱȵЦݣһƵŰҫš
ӳֵĺͻأһ㣬԰ҫ˵ĸ֪ûзǱ룬Ϣı죬֤ʵԲСҶϹ溿ӵĳ֣ͬʱһֽ䱸ɫ
ҫƺ̫˰֮ľߣֱӹǲᣬǲ̫һ㣬ĪҪΪݴ˵ͿӢΪˣ㻹ԶأЦͣŰҫ
֮ǰ·¥ʱ򣬾ͷһɷǳĵһţӦþɣҫ˿裬ӵȻһЦڵ
Σ˫Ŀ΢΢Ц
Ǿͺã֪ôҺᱻ˰ӣȻȻҪ̨֪γƺҫһЦЦӵУԵ΢ɭ룬ԭ֮ǰҫΪֻΪѡ
һﱾûжߣĻǲСȻףСˣһ֮ɫҲػôĿŰҫƺе붯ֵ˼ҫҲżԹԵĺŲˮ
ɾڶ˶ŲĹӺȻĪչջЦŰҫȭ˵ճǣ°أĵһֶ֡
°صͻȻŪҶеֲ治֪«ʲôҩ֮ǰһӵı飬һüЦ֮ҶϹе㷴Ӧ
ҫǷӦˣһɷɱ⣬ֱһƺâƥ㼫ֱҫԵķ縮ѨȥȫҪҫеĽࡣ
ǰ׳ôСҷģûɣҫԴһᣬҪһһ̧ǳɵļס棬ͬʱԳ°չҪж˵Ц
°һŭԼ̴գΪԼͻȻת䣬ôҲðҫһ£ðҫŭڵŮӣôһ£ɱܿԵġ
ֻǰҫ侲ȫΪǱҫЦһʵᣬɾ㶯ֵʱ򣬼ȴһŮӰסŮӳĻòȴʮ㣬ѵһɽˣ°ؼҲǹԹԵϢģվһԡ
֪֪ˣսһԹսҫʱкôе˽⡣ŮĿڵ
°˼һ˵ͷʱҫסŮӣܲĵҧҧһ𿪰ҫָ⣬𣬽âˮкأ޿ײ룬𣬺ݺݵľҫ
ҫûعҶϹȳ֣ŮһҫŮӵĽȫ
ҶϹ溶һ۵˵ͷܶâ绨ţǵطѹϣŮӱڲ¥֮⣬֮Ҳ˵ʲôֱչһս
Ůý֣ڽֵһ̣֯纣Զǧ֮Զѽѷ֣ò֡
ڰҫŮĶսȫΪһ֮󣬶ų°ߵıɽ΢Ц֪ôƺ
ȣĺ
ҲҵĶ֮һôҫʵ
ҫӮ˳°ˣҽˣҲиҽֵĻᣡȻĺûбֳκ벻мɫ˵ĻȴʮʮĲѰҫ
ΪʲôôΪҫҲգһ裬ʵ
ΪĶֿɲŻӹ֮ҾӮ°صĿԶ΢΢ĺĻصǿ飬ûκεζ·ֻǽʵ˵һ㣬Գ°ýɫ˰ҫһۡ
ţˣʱˣʱ㲹ϣ


ڶʮ ŮսС
Сƣ͵Ϯ̫ɳһɣ㺮ɽžΪ˵ôҶЦһŤϷŮӵߣǶȵ쳣к顣
ߣҶ»ûǸʸѵңҫɱõҪɱ˳θɣСƵŮӣһһתҶµĽ򣬶һƬĽӰϣƿҶ¡
ֻҶһˣϹ˲䲹λѹϣСƽһϣϹ溳׼λһɨƿҶ³û鹥ƣһʱŮֲ£˲С춯˲ΧȺڡ
ҫҽΰսĴ˵زҵ¡ҶĻصϹ溱СƵһ̣λϣƳֱһգΪס
ߣƾǵ΢ĩУμӰսҲ±Ц㽣Żû˲ˣҰҫķװͷ⣬֮λǶˡСһмЦһҶµĽſҪ֮ʱһ׺˵ɱֶ
Ϲ溵ɫļҪγѪʱѾŭ˼ŭԼŭСƶ԰ҫķ̣ѾļŭϹ˵Լ۸Լν˭ҫĻ˭ɱ˭ʱ˿Ψһ뷨
ǺŭɫϹнһתȫڽ֮ϣݺݵĳŶԷͷȥҪСһΪѽͷ֮ŭ
֪ҹ
ۼϹ溵ŭնСƼ䲻мһעڽ֮ϣὣһӣǿĽӲϹ溵Ľϣ˴ɨɡ
ǿĽѾͷ治ССƶ˶ֱۣѹǹУи̾
ϹӲƴһȻԼռϷ磬ϹŭȻһҲûܣֱѪļң鲻
ֻϹһˣҶ±㼴̲λֳսķʽ϶Ů֮ĬϣǿСҪƣп⣬òˡ
СƵʵȻû˵ʥ۷ľΪľ߻Ľӵ˵ҶϹκһ˶һ֮
ŮԽսԽͣٲȻһüļƣݺύ·ɢԲڵľ۽ٵһͿΧȺڣԽԽࡣ
ŵҶ£ɽŵСƣôˣ
Ů˴ܣ϶Ϊ֪ĸˣǵŮսǺøٺ٣
һߴȥͱ˵ΰսĴСĻҫҫڹžսɱСƵõСģҶµȻҪ
Ҫ˵ǰ㣬ҫҲ̫ˣԼĻȻŮݣҲ̫ص˰ɣ
ȺԽԽ࣬ŮһʱҲֲ£ڳΧȺڽһһĸ֣ɢĽȻڻ£һЩʵǿһģö㣬ֱӲֳʮΧȺڣʲôʡ͵ĵƣҵ̸Ŀ꣬ת˰ҫ
ˣְͣɣ
һŻӲ¥з񱬳һӰڻ֮Уڻոµһ˲䣬ݺݵĳŮ֮䣬ǿĻѹŮֿߣҫ˫ָƼңһ˫ɫĻ˫ͫɨһȫ
ҫһֱ㽫˷ֿҶϹۼҫҲһҫҪһԼ˾ҪҰܵˣСƵʵ˵Ц˲ǼޣٴȥƾҪСƺݺʰˡ
ҫȥ
Сһҫ֣ͬ踾һȫгһֲĽâҫҫƳһ۽âһ˦âƬ
һĻĳ֣ܵΧȺڶʱһ㶣漴вǰһв˰Եͷв˸Ī΢΢һЦвŤͷߣ˵ʲôı鶼ˣ㵵ı鶼УСƵıǾ֮
ܣⲻܣҸʥ۷֮ӾΪ˵ӦಮٲŶԣ֣ټȫӣһѾֱ񾳳ֵһУ˵ӦñһŶԣʵôƿҵȫȫܣûʵģ
һʲôԣʲôһ񾳵ĸڰаһģȻĻһҵĽ£ûһġСƿ˵ǻȫûнǰһУ鹦ڰҫʵ
ΪܲˣԽܰҫͬľΪȴֱǿԷܷڰҫϣ쳣ķҡ
֪λҫҺɽв֮𣬻λҪִ£ҺɽлȻҺɽŵĵˣСԴǵıȭ˵ɨһȦ漴ˣΪܵ˾ڿɵһ㿴Լٶֱë
ʵɣʥ۷Ϊ񾳵ʵ⡤ɡܣСҧҧҫ
Сƶ԰ɣɱģҪʱңʹʲôУҶˣǣһϣף𣬿ɲװվɱҲỹֵģҲҪ׼СôڻҪôֵĻǾʹ˱ɣ
ҫСƱ˱ȭԼϵûажε˵ʹʹĳһӭСͬʱҲʾԼԴУ⡣
ҫĻҲõڳųϿͣеһһ˵ڽѪ͵֮Уɱǳе£ѩҲǳе¡
ɱ˲ϣ˺ܲˣҵԺҲ߽ˣΪû˻㣬ֻЦ㣬㣬ż㣬Ⱥ֮пܡ
¶ƬħŵĹϽ֮أȻ׼Ӷ࣬һľǸΪʵǿ溺ӡ
ҫϵжΣ˵³ҪƲϵôҫéʯԼģпܡ
ҫϵüɴ࣬СĺܲζܵΧȺڶ԰ҫ͵Ŀ⣬ǲûķը
СƸҪڷ༥֮ʱܵ¶ȼ½ֱ˱£һ˲ɭޱȵĻʵޱȣڳ˽Ǹ֣˹࿹ҲܵסЩܲסҲֻȻ볡
ҫֺǣɱ˳õҪҲ׼üˣղôɱպˣ
һĻոճ֣ҫǰһɷѩٹգ֮ʧһü԰׵ĿӳڰҫǰǱ˫Ŀ˲ɫ˫ͫһĹâֱưҫȥ
ҫ˫Ŀһͫʲô̼һ㣬һŵĻԷ˫Ŀĺڻ˽һ㶣ʶ뵽һ㣬૵Ҳͫô
С֣ҫڵ
죬ҫֿڵ
һᣡ
Ƕ˵ĵһλ棬еϣʱĶ˾ԣٲȻһһļơ
˭뵽ڲõĽ˾ȻԾ˶ԷһһֵֿǿУҲֻ˵Ѳˡ


ڶʮһ ѩ
֣˳Сʮ壬ȴѴﵽڣ֮֮ͬǿo˪಻ضãħźɽһһš
еڹкûԵȱһɣѡ⹦зֱһһȭƣȭ˪ȭνȭ˫Ტãһʩչ֮ǿ˼
˵ڹУ˵˵ûԵֵĺûԵǿ˵Цʱ׵ֲֲľδɽˣ֮ʱһ滨᰺ġϵĳλֲ졣
κεʱףûڹ޷첿λշֱʽϰ֮ھ빦˱첿λҲ˫ۡ
ûҫͬһͫԼͫУʥͫڹУһһȭ˪ϱʥͫӣֵսﵽ۷ǿȣʵ֮ǿԶ
ֵĳ¼˽ֵ޷¡
һʮ֮꣬һ˲䣬ֱӱһ򼶳дСĵ죬쳹ʧڶ֮ϣϵһ飬±˿ʱǵɫˣǱŵġ
ڶʮʱһ˶սǧ꺣ޡʱһսҹǿ麣ķԲϰﺣ汻ᣬﵽϰ׵ľ˺ȣ󲻼Ӱֳֻġ
ʮʱԸսһ콾ǣ֮ŲУֲʮ£ԲҰճűħֱڡ
šӡ罻ֹǧУδʤƽָա֮һʡдսһҹδʤƽָա
¼˳ơС񡯡ħŵһУǿԸ
ȻħŵһУ־Žǰʮ֮УȴǿǿǼ˻ĺԶ
˳һǣһУǿĻǻУǶԼɵУҲֻǶѡ
ҫǰ֣ѹʵ޵ĺܣû԰ҫ￹ѹʵǳͬ˰ٱǧֹҲκ鶼ܱһ侲ġ
Ҳǣҫʲô񶼴սʱӵ뻯ʵĴ߿սݣͨߵ޵֮˵ҫͲǰЩͬȵģѹҲΪЩ߽ӴˣȻҲ͸ˡ
˵ˣνѹȣҪû뻯ߵļҫ治̫һ£ֵǺǿǶ԰ҫ˵αͣɲе̫ҵвС
һ֮Ĺһ㣬̹ຮޱȣǰҫе˰ҫĲ֮뵽Ȼѹ㣬͸ˡ
ǺΧ¶˲ֱﵽ˼±㣬ѹҲʥ߳õַһԷǳֱӵֳ˴˼ʵߵͣӶﵽѪУս֮Ч
˫ָɢһ㵭⣬һƬѩ֮֮»ʵѩһ㣬飬ֱ
һѹȣֱһЩʵ֮ˣѾ˱µ¶ȣʵޱȣѪֱסĸо֪ԼǲʵⳡŵĽˣҲֻܱȽʶʱ뿪
ʣʮˣµĿҫĶţǵĹ뾳Ϊ˵ССֵһᣬⳡϷβǺĺܣһŲߡ
ңҫͷҲصĳϹҶ˵
Ů˵ͷĿҫҲ첻ֵ֮ʹ㹦ȥֿҲɱֽţʵ֪֮
ôǴһô±׳ˣҫЦһתգ֮ԾȫǼ°۷ĴӿֻͶ罾һ㣬һů͵ĸо
ҫһʩչ֮£ڳ˰ڽüͷһƣϹžڹķӹɣͷ֮Ҳͬ˲֪˲ġ
ֻǣ˶֣ҫôϵڰģľ񹦲бҲֱķŰˣɰҫʱֳ̬ǰ˿ųţȷǰɣĳЩ˵Ķһ֮ġ
𾢻ƣѰҫ岽֮γһ㵭Ļ㣬ֱƳĺȫҫԲ岽֮ڣȻΪů֮ء
ʵʱҫ˸ɣƴƴΪԼԲֵĶ֣ô˵ĵսȥƺûʲôڣҫҲʲôֻ֪Ӳƴçʵһ棬ǿ˼Ĵռһ档
ڹأһʱ̹֮Ȼͻ֣ܸܲĵףһֱĵ峿սʱɣҪôһҾͷ㡣
ǰҫ뷨׼ȷҲ˵ֻҪ֮ˣûޣֻ̫޴Ļôƺǲ֧̫õġ
԰ҫĹ뾳Ϊ˵סԼȫڻ£Ҫ˵ĻԵеԸΥˣڰҫ˹ֿĹһ̧׼ҫҫ΢΢һ㶣Ϊִ㵱ֽ֣䱸
̧һܷѩȻʢ쳣ͣѩ籩֮ѩܵĿ¶Ƚ˼£ѵ͹¶ʮңڳ˽üͷһĳЩѾʼǴ㶯ˡ
ֶ˼ҫϢҲʼе۳ķ㣬ڱΧķѩ֮ԽѹԽСֱѹİҫ쳣ء
ʱֳ˰ҫֶ⣬ûԹߵĴڣѹ֮£ҲûٿȥοҲʲôǵҲ֪ٶ棬Ҳȥֻôֵùͷ
ȻҲĳЩ˲棬´üͷˣ˵ڰҫĲԶһͥԺĶС¥ϣֽȻȴ֣һӰΪʮӰһַǳԡ
ڰҫǰһӣе֣˯ۣ˯죬ͷ缦ѣ鿴ȥǴֻͣ¶һ϶ת磬֮ǰ˾Բʲôӡ
һǰ˯ѵɳɤڵҲǣҲûˡ˵֣Ͳͣᣬ˯þôô꣬㲻ôаɣ
˯ľҰҵ£ˮˮƳһӣĻص
ǰ׳ôôô˭ӷ˷ۣԼļͷ̧һһɼԻõϯȻת˲㽫ܵķѩȫɢһ־㹻˵ʵȻ֮¡
ܲѣͷǰɣ˫Ŀ쳣ݺݵĶǰƤһ˯ѵӡ
Ժһ۰ҫˣȫְ˯ѵķӦٶ״̬˺һſڵҸʶģҲͷֻǣû˯Ҷ֪Լʲôأ㻹ǵô
һСƺ뵽ʲôüͷ壬Ҷüͷչһڴʱ˿̣һͳɤڣ˵Ķߡ
һֺˣҫҫĹǣ䣡֣Сƣһ˰ɣ


ڶʮ ǣһȺˣ
֣Ӧ֪ҵƢԣأߣԼѡɣԭǰ˯ѵӻڵ٩ʱһɫһͳɤ֮䡣
ɢȥһɫۣĿӣֻҰ׵粡һ㣬ûһ˿Ѫɫ˫Ŀһɫ˿ڵȥظʮ㡣
ħʮ˾ţʮľšų¦𡣾ΪѴڣʵɲ⡣Ҷ˵ҫе˵ͷ¦ҫĵһӡأͺ˶ںڰ֮УԴĦ
ְأ¦ʲô黹ҪԳ㣬˯ѣȥĴΣܳϹʲô֡ͻȻһЦһӰ֣һƤЦǰ
˯ѣҫ񣬺߶һ䡣
ЦüЦϲʮ㣬Ӱһڰҫߣָǰ˯ѣҡҡλΣ봹ƤӣЦܲѣΪһа˳ɵʱ䶼˯Ǿͽ˯ѿأ
ÿԸҲأҫ΢΢һЦĵ˵ͷ
ܲѣħ֮һĸ㣬˳ơιӡһ˷˼湦ķ
꣬ʵһĲĹںδѰľ̨飬򵥵˵ǣһĹҪھԵ½ȴҪ˯
˯ԽԽ죬˽֮ʱһת߱ᴦһְΰ֮״̬ʹмͣѱ棬ظᲢãԴԴ˵ǿȻ
⻹һ棬һ˾ĵطǣ幦֮󣬳ǿ󵽷˼ʶ⣬ߺ󣬽һ㸡ɢܣκ߳϶Ӳߵ֪Ԫϣ湦֮ʵ
ǡ졯ҫɣμ棬ѽ꿴һ۰ҫǵƣƺҪҫá
ҫҲˣգֻסԷƵһֱ̣ǰѣЦ治ϵ꣬ûеô򵥡
ҽһ£й˾պˣһ崺һЦݣҽܵ
˾պ㣬ħ֮һйŵӣ˳ơǧﲻ١һצṦΪһĶ⹦Ӱ١
˵йĹŵӣ˾պչֳѧ츳Լʮʦʦһ𶼱֮ϵģŲһ꣬ѽסӰ١ĵزֻһѧʽȫмһˡ
ŵĵڶ꣬˾պйڲ֮һˣһ֮Լͷϵʦʦ㣬ֻһ廨黨⵱ûһܲ׽˾պӰ֮죬йڵһЩ϶̾磬йһ㣬
ǧﲻ٣˾պ㣡ʧˣҫȭһ΢Ц
˾պεƲƲ죬·ίһ㣬ţ治֪ĸû˵ţƽһĻûУһ˿ص㶼ûУֲҵ
Ǻǣǧﲻ٣Ӱ٣ֻ˵˾ֵṦǷ켫ǧ֮಻ټͬ˾ֵϿأҫ΢΢һЦ޵
ʲôϿɣޣֲܵԣֲܵƨáһǧﲻ٣Ӱ٣˵ĺе˾պˡ
˾պŰҫļЦֻֻҫǿŵ֫嶯ô˾ãЦӦŶԡ
ϹһЦ汻˾պǿŵΪˣֻһЦǰ˾պˡ
ҶüӣҿڣˮĴۣ͵Ц棬˾պУֱʤգ˾պˮһأһأԺгһݴʣɽ㰡
Ϲ溿˾պһ࣬һӻֽţСһ죬ʶקŰҫ½ǣƺǱ˾պŵֱԡ
ҫ˿Ϲģֿ˿Ϲ溹˻˾պ㣬֮ǰǷݽŸеȻ޴档
ҫ˿ǰڴ˯ܲѣһ˪¦𣬳üչ֣ʱеЦãƷ·תһӱģе㷴Ӧ
֣һ£Ҫ˷ҵʱ䣬߰ɣ¦˵ӲĺܣһʽĿǣֱüȴ÷ʲôϾȷԼȣ˼ɻ䣬޻˵
¦Ƿ˹أˣأҲж֣ΪʲôֻǣǣСһŭɶָҫ
¦ʼձǸף̱һ㣬СƵŭҲգȳֻ֣ΪԱŻ࿹û׷ıҪ
㣬ƫ̻ǶרУ㣬㡣СƱ˵ָ¦˰춼ﲻ֡
ؾǹأûʲôƫ̻ƫ̻ҪǶȥͳ˾һ״ǣҪһȥ¦˵
С˵䣡ֵСһֻۣȻı죬һŭδĿһԣŤͷ֮󣬶¦ȭһԴֹĿڵС³ç¦ֲҪַ֣˹Ӧܵʹ¦ִ·
¦˵ͷŶ˹Թȥʱֻݺݵĵ˰ҫһۣ˼ԣûꡣ
ߺһֱ˯ܲͻȻ˸飬ǰƤ˾պ㣬˵˾գҾڸϽ뿪ĺá
ԭӵ˾պһӻһãȻĿܲѣڵΪʲô
Ϊˡܲѵָָ̧
˾պ㣬ͻȻһ߿ŭը죬һ㣬İҫ˶ĤۣҶϹеͷĿе¡
ؼ˸λըһ˲䣬˾պһֻèܵ˾һ㣬ëȻըγһһֽ֮ʧӰ٣Ūðҫһ±֮ɫ
ڰһӣһٻӰ׾֮ڣն׾ޱȣգ֮䣬ԴӰҫͷӹ׷˾պķ
ǣҫڱĲУɴ˫ۿǵٻӰʧ˷ǿ׾Ҳôϡ棬ǣһŮӷ׾ҫδţδյͷһ⣬ھС
ս񵺣ΣܲѴ˸Ƿڵ
սΣŮҫеԽܵþ̾
ҫǰɣǧҪ仰ŶȻᱻҶֽŶȥιģܲһ˯ѵ漴ҲǰҫˣԹԵĻȥ˯ˡ
ҫһոһзһǲĹ򣬵ҾʵԴеµĸоÿ˶Լĸеˡ
һȺˣ


ڶʮ ޷ͻƣһﾪˣ
ҹҫϥ֮ϣǳüչı飬麹ͣĵȻȻɢһ㵭ĻңȴΪ
ʱİҫĳԣմս֮ǰԼĹһ¥ӦһƱǿĹֵĶ֡
˵ʵڵģҫԼûʲôģڼʶǰŵ콾֮󣬰ҫʶԼ֮Ĳൽж
Լľ빦κһûͻƵĻô԰ŵ콾ʱԼǱذɣԼҪͻƣҫΪʲôôȡ
ΪҫɲֻõǿλöѣиҰģҳħǸҪμӰսɵˣǸҪַʽԼԼˣҪﵽĿģôֻǰǿĻ»
ǣʵԶеҪпᣬ֮е콾ǣǿĿֲ
־Ͳ˵ˣ컹һ˼ɹأʣµܲѣ˾պ㣬ԼûΣδֵڿ˾ͼˣǿĿֲ
԰ҫĹƣ⼸Ҳֲ٣ҲͲһ˿ֶѣʵǿĸоҫûгοħֱŴڵĴˣҫĪֱǶ˵ʵǿ
Ҳˣѹ£ɲðҫԼڻصס֮󣬰ҫһһͶ뵽֮УֱʱҲûֹͣļ
ҫѾ˽ʱʱڵѾﵽӯ״̬֮޿ĵز񵽾ͲûγҺĵز
״̬µİҫǴ۷״̬˵ѾļˣֻǰҫǴ㿿ԼһѣȥһµھĹͻƵھﵽľ֮ô԰ŵ콾ǣԼҲûһս֮
ҫҲ飬ת֮£ϵӦѨλֻǰҫûмɣǲͣĽڽ֮Уڵȴһ˲䱬һͻƵ֮ϡ
ҫһһתֱ˹һ֮ٴγֱ״̬գ֮䣬ҫ˲еľ񹦵һѨλٻѨ
罭һľ˴ѨӿͷİٻѨɾ⽫ҪͨٻѨһ˲䣬һɷǳǿҵ©ٴγ֣ǿڳٻѨ֮ȻʼһΪ̵ĸо˲ɢ
ҫһ˫Ŀ͵һѪ˲ɢҲСƣҲֻ˶ѣҫ˹ϢĹ򣬱Խѹ¡
ǲУھĹǷǵýˣҰ۷ʼģʲôĵر鵤ҩ˲佫ҵʮϣ˲ͻƣͨھİٻѨĻֻƾҸ˵첻һأ
ҫϢ֮ϸ˼һ飬ܽԼʼ޷ͻƵھڣǣˣʵҲҫ룬ֻ뵽ˣҪ⣬鷳ĺܡ
ȰҫͷûʲôûСڳһЩճƷԼƱ⣬ûбʲô΢мֵһĶˡ
ޱֲɵĵرҫڰԸ£Ͻֿ֮󣬰ҫϻûʲôõĳֵı
ĻҲᱻҶסμսˣΪʵɬ
ЩĵرڣôҪƳһЩʱĵҩȫ׾٣֮ҲҪҶ֣֮νĵȼ۽ҪһŻá
ҫ˼һҲ벻ʲôȻγ֮ٴʧܸգûΪˣĴսûʲô̫Ӱ죬Ҳǲеˡ
ˣһһɣʵټһУǿ֮λǰ϶ˣǼһʱٿɣڣȷһᣡҫ򿪴һԾݶϰߣǿա
ҫס֮ǰϹ溵΢΢һ㶣Ϲ΢΢һЦеľƺݸҫڵ磬˵˵¼ɣ
ҫչһЦ˵ͷӹƺ֮Ϲ溵ԴС΢죬˲ҫһھƣڵ￪ʼأʹұʦظʼɣǵõʱ
ҫԼľµ˵һⲻ˵֪һ˵ҫԼе죬ԭԼһʱѾô࣬һ·ϻͦζġ
磬Ҳǹ¶Ϲһʵ
ǰСãզͬأҫһھƣǿջЦ
Ϲ溵˵ͷζӳ£ҫԼһͬҲǹ¶ͬСʱܾ裬ֻǰҫ߳ˣԼһأһʱ
Լأٽ᲻ҫǰ㣬뽭֮ϣһԼҲû׵ĺܣڰҫǷְ⣬ȻϹ溴һҲǱף̬֮ϾԼ԰ҫĸ飬Ů鰮
ʵûϵģСԸһֻڴߣֻһѾҲãҲįϹ溵ԴһɬޱȵģһڣʱޱȣԼⷬеô˼޵ݵĸо
ɵѾͷĴˣֻԼվĵҳҶʲôʡ͵ĵƣػֱڵһ㣬ŴʵڲԸϵѪһߵӣãû֮ǣȽϰݣͣʺģҫ΢ЦҡͷϹ溵ԴȰ
Ϲü˰ҫһۣǲķô˵ͲˣȻСʵλô˵ҲһˣΪվɱģܰվǻʲôˡ
˵ˣֻҪǱһЩվǶԼĥĥŻнʵھһδεվ֮󣬻ôСþãûݵģ˱ȻҪ߽·ġ
ҫˣϹôԴǵĻ𾪣Ϲ溵ĺ仯ԭԼ޷ͻƵԭ
һﾪˣȻ޷ͻƣôԴӾΪְԴ˻ʥ֮ʼձһְݵķΧҲøԼһѹˡҫתһ룬Ȼ
Ϲ溼ҫ񣬻ΪԼ˵еˣæǸ磬С֮ʧ˵ˣ粻Ҫϣ
ɵѾͷ˵ĺܶԣǳԣ߲߽Ժ£Ȱǰһع˵ҹȥϢɣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ϹҲһҧҧͷ֮תȥҫϹȥ֮ƲƲ죬ڵɵѾͷ죬㵱·ǹҼҰ߽ȹ˵


ڶʮ ʮˣȫɵˣ
峿ҫһַǷҫĴһ޴ĻζΧ˳ӿѲǧ֮ǰô˸磬ֻΪһ£Ǿǲμħŵİ֮ս
ʵμµ˲࣬ҵڿֵģһħŵԵΪ󷽣ȫûʲôŻ֮˵ǳĦ
ȻҲûд۵ģܽսģҪô֮гǿѹҪô㱾ǳ񾳣ĻսʸûУһ仰ҫǲӹԼ̤ģʵһǿΪ
ǹսķʽͱȽȤˣڶǽϣһȦʮˮĻڰսʼ֮ЩˮĻֱֳսʱһй̣˵Ǿϸš
ʮˮĻҲǳŵֱʣͨʽͨռ䣬л洫Ǻܷ㣬Ҳǹף
㻨ħ˵ֱǾţһëֵһᡣȻһڼİ˵۵Ҫ
ʣµɶ࣬ڲͬԱҲνıڰҶӰһЩһľͲûҰһ˱Ƚϵ͵ģֻǰֻǰҲУ֮ǧٹ֣ʲô˶С
ʣµǲһɵſǣǲΰսǣܹʮʮ
սʽҲûʲôرһһеĶսٽҫ֮ʱԷŵ˵УڶڵСͿռսս˫ͬʱռս֮ڣԷſֽŵľԣֳֻʤΪֹ
Ҳ࣬һ䣬߻ԲѣֻһߣСͿռսὫųȥصʵһʤ
ڽս֮ʱֻӮ֣һ²κһ׷Ҳ˵ûйأſ˴ôУֻҪӮС
ʮֻнǿ֮󣬲ܱʽλа֮һΪħŵһţȥƺܶϷ
òǣħصľһѪҺЩνĳ뻯֮Ͼ㹻ˣһ콾ǽһеʱѾ㹻ôСһĸҲҪú
ĻħŵĶƺܶ࣬ʵ˵ҲǺܶ࣬Ҫ֪˳ϵĺ򣬶ħŵĿ֮£ֵж٣ʵ޷ϸ
ʮ˵ʮĸɣÿɱҪ뻯ĴߴڣûʸμӰս
Ҳ˵뻯ߣ֮Ͼʮ֮࣬ͱЩŵ뻯ɣԼЩ񾳸ˡ
˵ǰҫҲʮѵһΰҫǿ۽磬ǰ˸Ϣȣƾܿûһʡ͵ĵơ
ʮɴʲô˶УֵģĬԵģ鿪ʵģģɱڵģǫ̵ģü۵ģ֮ÿ˶вͬԸ
ͬǣЩ˫ĿתϢԼͶڶʮͷʮڣǱǶſǣ콾֮еĳЩˣѾﵽĳ̶ȣԼš
ɴע⣬붷֮УеһֵĳԡһӶڴĳÿ˵ĶУֳʱѻȸʮĿһ󲽣붷֮ڡ
ҫһһߵҶϹ溿ЦôҵĺϢɣ
ôҶµĵʵ
ʮˣ˵ʵڵģǿ֮ǰĶֲҪ̫ģֻǰǿ֮Ͳ̫˵ˣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ΪʲôŰǿ֮Ķ֣ѵ֮ǰĶ֣㶼ʮİտӮҶԴһ˿õ˵
ҫΣȻҫʵȷʱǿɴһˣεȽϱֵĶָǿĿֲʵ˵Ż̷֮ϣɿҫı飬ҶʵżĲС
ʮİղ˵˾ųɻеģҫЦеĻصҲҶ½ʻ˳ȥ
С溣еŹͷ˰ɣҶε̾˿Ϲ˵
˵õģͲõĵģôƴڿ֮ôϹ΢Цص
ǵҲǣϣ쿪ʤɣҶ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ
ʮ½߽֮ڣûʲô̫رҲûɽ˺Ŀֻͣһ޴̨Լ̨֮ϵӡ
ӵߣڷһ裬֮ʮ򣬴ƺһۼʮ˺ƺƵҲȻһЦ
ΰսУλǰȡռսĴŻλע⣬ڽռսǰ벻Ҫ䣬Զ̭۴ĿЦȻˣθߴͣǹɵ˺кøеġ
ǰģҵȲǲع֮ˣȻΥ֮£һüĿӢ걧ȭ˵Եÿмӣ̸ֹŵ壬ߡ
ͻȻŤͷŰҫĵ˵ͷҫе㲻֪룬ۼûж⣬ҫҲ΢΢һЦͷӦ
ˣҫһֵĶ˭һϤɤӰҫ𣬰ҫͷһ˾պĳԼҫ΢Цڻصճǣ°أ
°أǼһҲûʲô˲ģҲṦ΢еŵһǴӦòĶ֣˾պ˫ۻԴڵ
ҫ˵ͷʵôߵôæгԹ
˾պͻȻƵÿ˿ܣסҫļСģһедԣǷҰУҲţƷҪӮһβɣǱƵе͸ˡ
Ҫٴһұ֤ٲ㣬У˭зأһŮڰҫ˾պŵö˸æعΡ
ڶǰһο˵Ůӣĸݣò絶˫ĿͽӢ֮˵ǼòһŮӡ
ҫǰŮӱȻͷСʵҲɲ⡣˾պһŮӵò̶˸飬һѳʮ֮⣬һȾܡ
׳գܸʲô㻹ܳԶȨɣŮҧҧһŭĺ
ع̵ͨι˰ɣ£ҫˣҫŮӹ˹֣˾պķӦܿŮӵˡ
ε˵ͷȭ񣬳ǰҫһˣ֣ҪСˣҲ֮ˣᱳ͵Ϯ@Էġ
˵֮뿪ǰȥȡԼ򣬶ҫҲεҡͷһЦǵҲûǹˡ
ҫǰĲһȡԼ˭˭Ҳûʲô壬ֶѾ̶ˣҲǰȡ
һ΢Цڿҫ֮˲סˣԼ۾ϸĶҫ˵Ī
ʵֹһ𾪶ѣĦ֮ڣȫɵˣĿɿڴĿǰӰеİҫ漴Ťͷһ۸֮ϣһЦħ֮ģؿ˺üζûͣ¡
ҫòٸĳһģһһģ̳ġ


ڶʮ ը˹ǿƴŲƣ
ʱİҫƣΪǰԼֱëλǰ˵׳ԴʲôҩڼԼһ̺߾û뿪ԼǽŵüͷԼ΢ı飬ʵ˺ɵĺܡ
ǰδ棬֪ǰǺ⣿ҫһεĻص˵ʵڵģһôſʵҫﺹյĺܡ
һӻعҲ֪Լܲò΢Ц˵û£ֻ˵һλʶúһʱ俴ˣҪְ
ԭˣˣҫÿɷһЦ˵ͷȭص˵֮վһԣȴսʽս
ʵһʱʧ̬ûû취飬һۿҫʵְɵĸоΪǰӲأͲûҫˡ
ɵְҫϢΪĲʱͻȻʶְҫǰģֻ˵ĳʼоųɾŵƶȣʵھУԺ˲һ󵨵Ĳ²⡣
ֻ²̫ˣҲֻǲ²Ѳȷ⵱漰йħĵһγ£Ӱֱ֮÷һʱħڲǱڵķѣһ׼ڲķ
ĵķСΪɵĺһŭ֮´һƱԶħ֪ȥȻСĶ򣬵ԼλӶһϹʮط֮һʹ԰ͨľΪҪ޲ߡ
ԷѾսʮ֮ãƻҪټȥΪ׼ҼҳڼҫԺʶĸоĸ֮սҪˡ
²⣬Ħطը˹˵ߣҫȡӰ촫֮󣬰һ𾪵ĲУѾ׼Ҷ룬ͬҲ¶֮ɫ
Ҫ˵֮òƣҲƵò̸ֹΪϰߡоųɾŵĳ̶ȣǾˡ
ڳİ֪Ƕγ£ҲϳɾϰҫĵƶȣǸ˶Ὣϵһ顣
ֻǾôȥ²⣬ҲҶ˵ʲôϾȱʵԵ֤ݣ˵һƶȣ͸أ
ʵұ̬ҫǸ˻ãҪǵĻǴͷˣϾҲʲôƢϷˣ³治ôá
ԾôҲֻһӵ飬𾪹ҲٴλصǷݳ״̬ȴŰսĿʼȻ֪Ҷ룬͵أԼξǴһ
һЦĿŰ𾪻ص侲ǰˮĻϵİҫеľһţߵһߣÿռүǡ
ߴʱͬһʱĦһ֮ڣжŮ꣬һ󾪵ʧɫĿˮĻϵİҫǵķӦ࣬е㻳ԼĶǲʵġ
˵УҫǵĸװģֱһƵģҪϻŵ˵ĳǲɣУǶΪǲˮĻˣǿԼĸ׸ϸһ˶ˡ
֮һַ꿴ˮĻеİҫݺݵһڿˮȥƽʵ۾֮ӣڵ磬˵һ᲻ǡ
ǣַĿߵĴͬһͬʱеġ
үʧүɣ
磬˵һ᲻ϵŪС߰
ڣߵĴĵķӦص΢΢һЦҲػ
ӵͷ˼һ󣬿ڻصСߣôӦŸһѪŶԣȹ۲һٿɣͷɶ˶У˵ֻòͬأ
Ҳͬ˽аҫ֣ͬͬպʮ꣡һѪɫĺ췢ӣ˵
֮ȲҪӲ²ĺã֮а취֤αģҡҡͷĻص
ŮӵĻоҲȷٴοĻеİҫʱȻһֱĸоڤڤ֮УӦҪʶཻǰ㡣
һ֦ѾҳһŵĦ룬ĵˣڿҫԺ󣬶һŵı顣
Ȼ֪ǶµֻУΪǻҪ˼ĵ棬֪ǶµҲֻ֮󣬵һĦҲһС֣Լһ˲ˡ
ʱİҫʮսһͬΧվһȦ˶е򣬽룬漴ʮսļʧȥ˲뵽һ㣬Ưڰ֮С
ҫһ˲䣬۾һһ֮ǰľѾȻͬܵľﶼûб䣬ڶ֮Уֻ˰ҫ°⣬û˵Ĵˡ
ǵһΣμӰųսɣҪҸһ¹ô°ؿ˿ҫɨܵģЦһڵ
Ҫʲô򣬴㲻ôҫ˳°һۣڻص
ңǺǣƾ㣬ʮ֮ڣҾͻ֪ĿжЦ°ЦڳЦҫĲ
ҫ˷ۣʼ磬ڵŶʮ֮òңǲ˵ܿЦ
ҫĻ˲伤ŭ˳°أɭѪǹɷɱ糱ˮӿͬʱһһֱҫȥĲ˼飬գ۲ʱʮ׾룬ٿշߣȾ׺ޱȣֱҫŶȥ
ѹ˾պ˵ṦеŵԭһﻹǸȷ֣ҫ뵽ۼ°سףȾ˵ãҲҴ⣬߳ɹһƣ°һӲӲ
˫һԺ䣬ҫС˰벽ԭٿ޴ĳ°ؾȻΪɼϣҫû̫ơ
ڰҫո˲һ˲䣬°Цһ˫ֳŵأ˫һ籩һ߳Ƕȷֱڰҫ̫ѨߡĴҪϣֺֿݡ
ȣ߱
ҫһʱûзӦϣ°ߣȻܿҪȴʹ飬˵°ͻıл˵˰ҫȻֻˣҲӵ˵°صǿ
ۼҫͻȻʧ°ĻôõʱŰҫ΢ʧĿյ˫һٿշ˫ȿգ֮߳ʮ֮࣬ȾףƱһֲĺˡ
ȣѸױ磡
糱°صеĲǰҫˣ۳ǳ̫ͼΣͼεĻת֮£һǿ˵ᾢ°ص뾢жһɶصܲ͸硣
Ųƣ
оԼȾжһɶ°΢΢һ㶣漴Цһ˲У߸Ծ̧ͷñֱϰ˳ɹȫһ֮ϣɽ֮ƣ̤ڰҫǳ̫ͼ֮ϣȻһŽͼɢǿ˰ҫŲơ
ȣ̤Ʒƣ
ʽƣҫһѪȻ˲ˣαʮ֮ԶڵһԴĿĵĻۡ
ֱס֮󣬰ҫŭЦȥǵѪգָоΥˣ


ڶʮ йɳ嶯پͻƣ
ȣճǶѧ֮һճǿȹɱǷ;ס
ߣ·쳣棬뾭ѵмȿ棬ȫԳ¶ȣߣȪԴƥףһһศɣ޼᲻ݣҡ
°صȣǿ˵ðЦпĲ˼飬͵ͬףһȫռϷ磬йİҫǱʷŲƶǿȥʵ˵°ǸʵƲҫ
ȣֻ˶ܣҲ˵ˣ°ؼҫǱһֱ˫Ц
ôû㴵ôǿأУ߲ң͵űҰܰɣҫŤŤӣЦոȻ˺üȣĽȫܿ£ʹҲֻ˰ˡ
ߣɫϴ죬ȣһ㹻С°һŭ⣬һǰһ̤˲٣ޱȣһӰһ˲ѵҫǰ
°عһֻ𹥣Ȼ죬֮ǰȴǲ˲٣ȹҫɱܹĹҲǼͨġ
ҫҲ֪°ʲô޷ҲԼļǿȻѿıУԼһػԼ˲£ҫҲᣬ°ҪģҰҫȱľģ˭̲סɣ
ҫûûʥ£Ļѻʥµķҫ˶ܣΪβãΪҹϹ溵һ仰ѡ
ԴӰҫ˻ʥ֮󣬶ʥԼ񾳴Σոн˲֪ٱûΣʶµԼھΪϵͣǰԼܷǳĸо
Ҳˣҫβûʥ£ĵһ̣ƽıԽ֣ҫȫûжõĴ㣬ΪľԼǹΣʶѹȸУ޻ᱻԷܵĸо
ֻЩоĴڣԼʥ۷ľΪõĳǱڵĸ˵ڽֵʱ򣬾˳ͻˣҲ˵׼飬պõǣ°صʵﵽ˰ҫҪΣѹȸС
˼вУ°ȳ磬һαһأٶһαһ죬ȻǲҫȥˣҫԽԽ˳ģȻûлʥµķɲ֪ΪΣһֺ˳Уðҫ쳣á
˫̬ı仯£棬ҪԽԽɣЦʮ㣬°ԽԽ꣬ҧгݣ˫ƳԵĲ졣
֪ôЦʵ֮°غ˵ʵǼðҫĺãɼؼ֮
⣬ҪܣҫЦݸڵȻ°ѾŭͷôҫһѻˣŭģȻ¶
ŰҫǸ°ԽȻ糤˦ХӰΪ·ֱҫҪȿ磬Ⱦնһ㣬ƥ
ۼڴˣҫһǣһȵ£һתƻһĨâ˳ƺնޱȣ𾢿ѵ֮ƥ
һ˳ƶ죬°˫üһ壬һֻǶеˣȻֻаɿ˳°صؿڣؿֻʹˣ˺Ҳ޵ĺܡ
ҫһ֣֪˺ޣ˳ٹһƣ֮䣬Ȼ¡
𾢼ĺȻ֮£һŭʵһ㣬ֱ͸°ؿڣֶδ֮£°ҪǱ˸ʵڣ˲ɡ
ƣɽ
һƺ䣬ҫϲԼһƱһɺʵֵ⣬˳ɢȻ˲°һ˿°һִƺһ͸һ㣬һʧ
׳գмˣ°˵
ҫ˲ʶԼϵˣ°زûŭɢʧǣб֮ǰԼŭı鶼ֻյжѣҪ֮ʣȴΪʱ
°ɭаЦؿһͦҫƵ˳ƼתһתͣĴ𣬶ʱ°һС磬˳ŷƻߣһһ˦ƥƺñǧòˡ
ȣƣ
ֻգ֮䣬ҫеһǿҵľʹʹǿɱ°ǿֲ뾢ߵѪڣھҪһ㣬ʹѵεˡ
ΪǵĴģ㸸ĸֳû̹˽ʱҪ̰ðôŶˣһ¶޸ĸ޳һ˹ѣ°תƲͣߵİҫм֮ȻҪһ
ֻһŪĳЩ˲ˣĦ֮ϣйעŰҫսİģһ裬һҲ˵ʲô豭£ɵЦͣ
֮ڣŮ°سһ˲䣬ͬʱݺݵüѪɫ۵ĺ췢ӣһתߡ
ȥӾ˵ϴ󣬿ź췢ȥͷҲصʵ
췢ͻȻһüڵûгһֳ嶯Ҫ°شҵĳ嶯ոȥʾףҴϼ뻯ȥճǲƽ
㿴ңҿǵͷ˵ʵڵģڳ°ضŰҫ˵Ǿ䡮һ¶޸ĸ޳һ˹ѣ֮ʱ˵йɳ嶯Ҫ°ذƤǣӵĳ嶯
˵ʱʱ죬ۼҫԼߵѪ°һ٣˲ʮɣҫһ°ر԰ҫǰһͣһǺųţڰҫ֮ϡ񱩵ȾİҫعǹۣڽˣһѪ˱ŷɵ֮ϣص
ȣ칬
ҫ죬ҫѾ˿˹ȥôᱻռ֮ƳսҫԼ䣬Ҳᱻռ֮ƳȥǰҫûС
ó°غգҫǿ֮ĩԼһбɣ𣬷ɴܵҫǰһС̤ƷơֱҫؿںȥһҪ̤ʵˣҫȻҰܣ볡
ʯһ˲䣬ڰҫ֮ϣͻأıһлˣԽתԽͣԭһ֮ת˲ѵһɣɶĻзӿ
ֲĻ𾢲ǿ𿪳°أڵѪķ糱𾢵İǱڳ°ڣͣķų°صľǹɾҵʹУ°ʹ಻æ˹ѹ̧ͷһɱ𾢰İҫǲʵҧҧ
ȻôһڹͻƾΪСߵʲôʺˣһҰ볡ɷҲ
°Ǻްҫ޵ҪͬҲεĺܣͻ޼ѰȫǿԵԣΣ֮ʵͻƣڽҲǳз
ô˵ֱ֮䣬ֻ߳ɰܵʧĵһ˲ͻƾΪɹߵһַȻҲû˻ȥԣΪ֮ĸͻƣһͻƲˣǾǸĽӵĵ
ҫˣлʥ²ã˹߳ϣпֱ֣ǱԼһĵزԼľΪͻƣû뵽ɹˡ
ҫԭʥ۷ľΪôͻ֮󣬱֮ˡ


ڶʮ ͻ䣡ܻڣ
˽ףʥʥ񣬳뻯飬˽׾ܣԴһױһǿÿһ׵ǱܶޱȣĪ⣬Ըʵĸ븡
һӦλǿʣɱÿһλܸĸ󲻵ģô˵ͻ֮ǰͻ֮ŷ츲صı仯Բͬն
֮ʶʥ֮ѧϰ˼ʥ֮ﵽţĵز֮أ
֮˼壬֮ڼӶ֮Ч˾Ϊ񡣶νȫͬ
֮޲ʵţʵ࣬Ҫﵽ񾳵һ˲䣬ﵽĳ۷ʱ򣬲ڿռ֮иӦ
ʶ٣һ֮󣬱Զеֻڵָܴ֮ﵽᴿ
ҪǣɵԻоʹûγһʱʵ״̬ʵ״̬ʮֹҲ񾳱־Ե׵
˵񣬺Ϊָľ̨Ϊ˼룬̨Ϊԣ֮ͬΪ·һ·һ·ˣνһ壬а̨֣һͨ
ͨ׵˵Ĵһ飬ԼƳһ棬һַǳ΢ֱӵĶ
ټ򵥵˵Ҳ֮ѾԴʽѧˣѾѧѧʽǿԸ󣬸ʺԼѧʽ
ν֮ˣɼף鶯裬
ʱ˿̣ҫĶΧҶϹ溽ĿɿڴĿˮĻаҫǾ˵ı仯֮ǰŮҫһ亹°֣ͺ䣬İҫ޻֮ʵǾǲС
ǰҫ°һ߷֮ҶѾʼҡͷ̾Ϣ͵ŰҫռսȻ顣
·תľƣһȻܹóҫľΪΣ֮ͻˣôԼǿɿˡ
ҫľʥ۷壬֪ˣͻƵ񾳵İҫĲƵĳ°أҪȡʤӦò̫ѣҶµ롣
صռս֮ڣҫѱǳĻȫڰ֮ϣΪһŻȼš
ڵİҫ˾ţܵĻһů紺͸У̨֮һ֣֮ÿξͻƺǿͬʱ֡
ҫһ٣ʲôԼǳʲôĹЧԼҲĺܣǿ֮ͬҲһܣЧҲྶͥǿ֮
ֻǣ֪ҫͻ֮󣬾ǿܻɴڵĻôһᱻŵĲ壬֮ѡڰҫǰһǱǾֱӴɱ
ΪһͻƵ֮󣬾ǿǻᱻͬģҲ˵ֻһĴڣһͬʱǿˣͻ֮϶ǿĲ˼飬ĳɾҲؼ۷֮ˡ
ӹͻƵ֮ȴɱסǿܵģǧҲͳֹһǽƷɣһħĪƣֶһǾǰҫ֪ҫĳɾͼ˵ܡſԸǶ˱ȼɡ
²ᣬҫ֪жѵãҲֻ֪ԵǱ춼󣬿Ҳȥ⵱еԵɣֻһ£ǿϣȥǸ˵
ǿͬʱҫǿҲ˵ӽҫĹڸǿһ࣬ΪһǿܣҲͶһǿĻᣬͬʱǿǿĳ̶Ȼֹһô򵥡
ҫûнǿǿΪҫԼеߵͽˣȹǿܶ࣬ܲƽ⣬Լƽ˵Ч֡
Чĳˣҫ˻ʥµ˹ܡѡ
ҫ٣¯ӦѾĽǰڵĳ̶ȣߴȻͬĽ׵ĳ̶ȣʥϵͳʽʽʽ
ԿӦĽͨϵͳѿϵͳͬϵͳҪȨȷϣʰҫǷʥͬϵͳ
ҫüлصʲôͬϵͳ
ͬϵͳԽʥ¸ҫĸߴȻԣԼӷֵͬϣʹʥȡӷ֣
ָӷ㣬ӦþװɣôҲ˵ʥ½׳ΪҶе׿ҫлص
ǵģ
ţôɣ
䣡
ڳ°˹סƣǱڵĻ氵֮һ죬еĻȻΪɢ١
ʥµİҫ˳أûзһ˿춯漴Ŀ˿˫֣˫ȭƺԼͻƺ廹е㲻̫Ӧ
ѹȸУױȵѹȸУɽһѹĳ°е㴭ָоǳֱ׵˳°أǰİҫ֮ܵ
֮ǰĲƣһʱʱ˹Ϣָ״̬㹻ôҫһ¹ؽ֮󣬳һɿĳ°˵
Ҫſ񣬾ͻƵΣֻǸΪδȣǰҾѾﵽ֮ˣҪΪҲδҵĶ֣¹˭δ֪°һķߺ֮ɫҧŭȵ
ϻһѣҰɣ㲻ȥǾͿʼڶ ϰɣҫ˷ۣһν˵漴һ˻ΪһɫĻӰգ֮ѳӰ°صǰ
°ŷûϰҫٶȣһ㶼ûиϣֻоԼһĨҫѾһɶԶľǰ°ؿһɫĳޣԼ˦
°ֱ̧۵ֵŲܣ񱻵ѨƵãһָˣɫ޳Լĸ첲ʹʱ䶼ܣԼѾɳ֮ˡ
һţҫһų˳°أеԱ֮ʩ°һȷ֣ҫһ֣һжأ֮ǰһĹѣԼ°Ȼף˵һŵķ
ոҲѾȫˣݷô
ϣۺʵΪĽ׺ߣ
ܺãѾﵽ̶ֳôô֣аŵ콾ǣڵңѾȫǸʵǽаˣҫɭȻһЦȭǣЦ
Ħ֮ڣǰŰҫͻƵ񾳣ͬʱսȫеͨĵ屶ҵǿȣίʵ˵ĺܣֳ뻯ߣѾʼڱ˽
ǰһУȻϿȥƵֿ˻ֻΪ˱ǷϣԼñ¶̫ԣǿ
ڴʱǰ׿һռˮһɢһŵţԼ쳣òٸӿռ߳ڰ֮С
Ȳμĸ
ۼˣȭòٸħ֮ĵķޣ˳ơʥС


ڶʮ Ըܿ࣡һ֣
СʱһǣŨŨľ⣬漴ҡͷ̾ϢСͻȻһ䣬ִ֮ŵǿ˴֮Ϊӡ
˶ã̾ϢһһӣΧĿռ俪ʼͣĵŤһգռȻһ𣬰գ۲ʱȫͻԼڣߵҲˣֳֻʣ°Сˡ
ˣʮҲûĴȻˣСԭһΣСŰĵ˫ۿһ̾Ϣ
ӣҡ˲˾ɫϲޱȣǰҪСӵ뻳У˭֪˸գС㿪
һû˵꣬ģôӦĻһһߣⱲӶټĸӡС˵ȻֻӲѣҲ˵λħĸ£Ҳʲô֮
ӵ˵޷ֻҪԭң˵ٸǧû⣬㾡ܿھǣĵĴŰƱظ˵
һҪȫµ˶֪ǵĶӣС쳣˵
û⣡ֻ»֮ܲǣϾʮһ˳һӸʵ»ѽܣҪѭ򽥽С
Ȱս֮ǺúõϻǣʱҾѸ£ȫµ˶֪ĸĸ˭˵ͷͷǵнڣС֮Ҳ˵ͷ
ֻСһ˫Ŀ涣ʮһ˳仰ʱͷݺݵľסˣƺĳ˵֮Ѿһּޣʵͻ
ĺӣʮһ˲ٵĿ࣬ģ˭˭ҲˣӦһҪСܿˣô
ʮûûӣһ޿¶ޣ۸¶Ҫţ治ô߹ʮģ͵ˣҪĿˣ
С̲סˣ˵󼸺ǺеıǺݺݵı˳ߣӵ뻳УСڰĵĻʹ
ӣҴӦ㣬ҵģĴŵЦݣȴ쳣ᶨḧСıڵ
޹һ֮СҲ𽥵侲Ĩȥ֮һ˵ˣСһˣҴȥ£
ӣҿɣȰս֮󣬿жٸһֽȺ֪ߵغļһһʰˣ˳С߻кһһž񲻿գ΢Цص
Сһ󣬸оҲͷͬ˿ˮĻڴİҫϧĵָһˮ૵ӣˣܻܿصǵˡ
ռս֮ڣҫ㷢һ֮󣬵һ̤棬Ȼһ죬߸Ծİҫֱ˰׵ľ룬ֻһ벻ʱ׹ڱֱʹధĳ°ǰ
ԼȻֻڣʵѾﵽ˸ڳƽĳ̶ȣôǰĳ°ػвô
㣬ʱ˿̵İҫȫ԰Ūڹ֮䣬ҪɱҪܶԼһ֮ʱ°ѾʸĶ֡
ô˺ˣ֮ǰ˵ҫԴЦֻЦĵӰţԵɭȻɲ
°ػˣҫЦݿֱë֮ͨǰһţһ㣬ԼȫǰҫĶ֣һ߱ףĸ첲ߵķԹۣѾ㹻˵ˡ
°ظҪ䣬ÿռ֮ԼȥǰͻȻ̹һͻȻһһʹȵҺ岴°طԼ˷һֶ²
ҫ̧βָָ⻹̹⣬ɭȻЦ˵
ͬʱ֮⣬ڰҫ°սתˮĻ֮£Χ˲ˣĻаҫڿŰ°أҶϹ溽һҲö˵ʲôˣѶһӮˣֻȰҫ˳°أͳˡ
ȻҶ¶˵ķɣճǵһ֮ɫ˵°ڵһ㲻⣬ǰ֮лǺʵģҲˣҫʩô˿ʵйġ
Сӣһ涼ʩֱ޷죡ʦ֣ҪСӳһص棡һճǵִ£˵
ɣҫ䣬ҪҲҪ涯һճǵĳ߰˰ֹ
ߣʶܣӮҪճǾЩϲ̨оǻǶһ֮һأֱЦˣ
һЦ̶ճǵĳִǣʶŭĿӣǲԶһһŮһһվŮЦͣǸ߰벻ме⣬ƺеˡ
òСһʶǺźɵĵӣȻҸϷ˵ɣճǵһִŭȡ
ϼһˣСǽ긮ƣС˱ʹǿǲ˳ۣôˣ߸Ȼһ竵ı飬Ըĺܡ
ճǵִ½üͷ壬긮ʵճǿ٣ǺҲĺܣ긮ŮڶڵһҲĸ֡
ݣǱ˽ִֻµְλѣǵﲻֻһȻ߿
ߣ޵࣡һĭǲмĿճǵִ뿪֮Ų߰ڵصӣڵ̣㼸ɰӮ
ɶأӸոһžܿʵսڣƻûȫ鷳ӵ°ͣˮĻеİҫ˵
ǾͲҪ̫ѿҪ׳һհ׵ĵŰһȥôʰ㣡Ʋĭɵĳţ˵ĲĿ
£ȻӮҲ̫ѿģüŶ俪ڻص漴ĿȣƱ߱£ת뿪
һĻȻûӹϹҶµ˫ۣϹ溳һ£ʵ½㣬ǰ״һְɣ
Ҷµ˵ͷڻصţ긮Ϲӡ̣Ϊڣǿ°ﲻֹѰҫڵʵҪӮҲ̫ѣ
ϹΪȻĵ˵ͷѶŮϳ°صĶԱȣȻŸոͻƣҫչֳʵǿֲĵزѾﵽ콾ƽĳ̶ȣһڶѣʵǿΪֹһǰ㰡
ӱʼڣϵʮڽӶıŵ콾ǣȥӾͳˣֲǻԾһİ
һǿߣҲͽʮӵʱ䣬ѷֳʤһʤأҫˣȻû˷ʱȥŰ°صĻ
ҫ°سУҫ˸ͻ֮ó°طйһ֮ͨ쳣ɣȥˬ
ҫ뿪Ҳͬһ̱ڵصĳ°أƳһֵۣСֻͦݣ֫ԹۣٵһͿⱲǱн
ҫ߳ǰ˻治٣ҶϹ⣬˾պ㡢ܲѡ˱ȰҫȳˣȻƼˮཻ꣬⼸˵Ʒԣҫоȫֵһ
˴Ѫϯף䷹ɣ
ϯ


ڶʮ ףϹӣ
ҫ󣬾¥¥˵ʱһ¥ֻҪ㻨ǮôܳԵԵκʳ
ЩؼʦͲ˵ˣ¥ǽϺպߴ֮һеľʳʯһĹ
ʳöݣҪԵĲˣҲֻħŵƶ֮˲ʸѰζûĲҲǹףͨһϯҪӣȻҲֵѩ
գҫոմսĳܵ룬˵ħһͽҫһİ䣬һõľϯȻǳԹ֣֮Ҳľϯ˵Ǹҫףģף˳ͻƣףսʤ
ҫѯ֮ҲȻܣ֪˭ľϯʾã޷ҲǸֱֲӼǸˡ
Ȼ˼һƬ⣬ҫҲǧ֮⣬ҫҲϯʲôè壬ҪͶˣҲС͵СĸɣҫŲɡ
ȻǸ˾ԲǸħͽһССͽɶ¥İϯݻС¥İϯֻΪħôħʵˡ
ҫǰһɫζȫʳ˫Ŀ̹ɭȻӿˮ罭ӷģҪԼôǣԼ°ҫѾǰһиʰĸɸɾˡ
ðҫſ˳ԣɵˣϴˢ깤ˣԱˢĻҪɾٱҫڳһ츳ʵڲıʵ١
˵ǻ˭ҫ˫Ŀһ̹߱⣬һſˮڵ
ڿ˵ҪסԸʲô飬ȹ˾պſӣʼ翪ڻص
ˣˣҶˣɣټӲ˺ˣüڻص⻰һ䣬ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷһĻ˶ŷˡ
˾պգգƤõһ˼ÿ棬ֻƤգϵò֮һ֮һÿ̡
˵껰֮󣬲ӣǰһ΢ɨһֻʮصÿ˹Ǽܣһ˿ĭû£δ棬ϵÿӦء
һֱ˯ܲͻȻˣΪǿֲͻȻһǿ̧֮һʹ۾Լǲ˯Ժˣеʳﶼڳͬһȥ
ҶϹ溵һ˫ۣг˾⣬һǿҵÿ־УȻҪõ֣ǰһȻǶ˵֪Χ
˵֮ĵʮϢһ΢ЦڿŶ룬ЦʵڱǸ֮ǰʦǱе鵢ˣԷǡôˣ
ڿһɻĿŰڵˣε˫ֲϵĶǰſѹƺԼƽ
˾պӺ棬쳣ľ֣ʲô޷飬δ֪Ǿ¡
ܲѺѵõû˯˫ۿ棬˫Ȼ̫Ѩлдʣ侲侲ѣ
ϹץҶµ䣬һ˵˵ĺȻɫҶҲõȥһĲҰףϹ溵ֱʾοͬҲǰοԼ
ǰ׶Բ˶ʮСһĿ̣ԼֵľٶʵڿѽĺܣʵǶôˣʲôô
ҫ˸ãڿ˫Ŀһȭ˵ԭڿ֣һᣡ
ڿ󣬾ǰЩһе㳬ҫ󣬰ҫԭΪȻš֮ôӦһü۵ıδ󺺲Ŷԡ
ڿƫƫһʱһĿ꣬ҲǸǰһкꡣ
ڿȭ񣬿ʵҫ֣ôˣ
Ҳ֪ҸճǾˣˣһûԱأҲֻ֪ոͻƣıȽϴҪúò䲹УҫɦɦףˬЦ
ڿ˿棬ƺ뵽ʲôûסҲ벻ʲôȻϯˡ
ǺҫֽһϯʮϢ֮ڿĿɿڴ°Ͳûˤ飬ҫĶƤһ˵ţǲҪ̫ĺã߷ֱ㹻ˣ
ۣ
һƬ춯ҫǰ˱ŵΣȫ¡
ھ¥Ķ棬Сÿռռڱ˳Сһƺÿǰף˵ӰǿˣС϶ԲůҲԺˣ
ĹסСļ򣬵ЦӣĪˣԺǼӱС߾ˣСߵĳ൹ʱ򣡡
㻹˵ҲܣڿʼСҪܵõĴʳסжҪõģѾԹˣǸʱˣС˰һۣ
ѽҵĺӣڲֱֵܱ̫ӣ̫С߻ɵģɲ֪Сжϸ΢Ĺ۲뾫ķС㶼ضá
Ҫʲôģô뻹ãҪˣȫˣ̹֮࣬ǵĸһӵشġ
˳ȻĺãһһǶӺøУ˶ˣеʱ䣬żŶһһѣСҲ˱֮ģĿġ
๫ʲôʱôͨҹĿ࿴أô˵ô£ǾİɣȳӴһ£һһСƽһ飬ڻص
ʵҵעСҵģ
๫Ͳִܱǵ״̬һô
㷹֮󣬰ҫ߳¥ȻٷԵĿǾĶǣҫһ˳ϯź˶ĲУⷹЩǧˡ
ǣǰ˶ٻɰҫǲйسԷѧֻרһθôװһЩĴ⡣
·ʳܲѵлȥ˯ˣ˾պ㵥һӶûӰڿʦ£ҲǸһ뿪ˣھֻʣ°ҫҶϹˡ
˭֪ҵ¸˭ʵΣҫûͷûԵһ䡣
ǽ긮̣˳ơϹӡΪѴڣһġ컯񹦡ľ߻⹦ʽڽơʯ׾٣ֽУѸƥʵǿȻڵ˵вҲҪĲǣҶϸĽһ顣
ҫ˵ͷʵΪʲôСϹӡвмô
ûвмֻΪλţҾͲˣҶ˼һҡҡͷڻص
Ϊڽơǲ˼˵Ʒ˵֮ʱҲһǱ˺̵İأŻСϹӡĳƺţȻϵҲ٣һͳֳԵȻ
ҫ˲һ㶣ͷһһһٸЦеĿԼˣ׼ȷ˵ӦǶŰҫһˡ


ʮ ͣĻѣ˲ĺӣ
ҫǰλİٸʼԽԽ죬һĪӿͷһ궯һѪº͸УһʶҪ˽׽ĸо
λǰγƺҫ̾һȭʵ
˶һۣ΢΢һЦڵͽ򸾰ɣ
ҫ˵ͷڵλǰӦħ˰ɣҫлλǰʢˣ֮ǰǼϯҫԵĺܿģ֪λǰҫǰս֮սΪأ
һٸһ㶣һۣÿռ䴫æİн
๫Сôǰаŵϯû԰ŰοǻݣҵֱӰ˵Ӿй٣ΪûгҵĶֵܷģôֵģ
УҲ֪սģô֪ģСҲ̫˰ɣһ߶ûУͷˣ˵ҪֱӸʵˣٸŵĴﶼе״ˡ
Īţ֮ǰ˵СߵĲǸһȣǿĲ񻰣ҰǰսܲɣͻȻ֣ټҸոյǾ仰ñǡֵ뵽ǣӦ˼أ
ҲУҲУѧǸһȣǼҵСߣȻڲͬҲ֪ΪʲôҲֱ˵ʵˣͻʵСߵĲǿ϶޷ǵġֻǣôأ๫취Ūȥ
šˣҵģ
ûǶ˾ǰĸСݵģҪҫӴһ£г˼ĺСߡ
ֻǣҫķӦе㳬ǵȻûпǶ˵ݣǰΪǸհҫսݣǱˡ
С˵İдÿռģҫҲͨռ֮ãٶҲһ˲֮䡣
ΪͦСڵΪȴڵʵĪ˵һˣ߼ˣƾһ㣬ֵñ΢Ц˵쳣ǫ͡
ҫ˵ͷĵ˵ûһ˿©ٲȻһҪ£ͰҫĿǣҫҲʲô©ǹıȭ񣬿ڵлǰʶǰǰսУǺ⣡
ûʲô澭£ԪϰɣĹĿڵ
ҫüͷһ壬çĹķȣҫȷǵ˾ԪķķΪַӡԺУȻһֱû֡
ͬΪħ֮һѪΤе֪ķħķ£ˡ
ǣҫ˫һץߵҶϹҪŮ˭֪ҫȻˣŤͷһֶŮˣȻǱռ֮סˣԶ׼ǰһһŮбȻһ뻯Ҳпǡ
ǰ黹ķĻҲֻ˵Ǹˣǰ಻ţȻ˾ԪķĽԭҲʵû˵԰ҫԸƾǰãֻϣǰܷŹѣҫȭһ˿ųĿģĿڵ
ĿԣȻֻǽ˵һڣòϵǣҫ޾һеĵʵϲ֣ŰҫԽԽϲҫŶԷͻȻԼое㲻֪
ɵӣҪΪĻôµİôֱץҪţԪҲûʲôûǰ£Ҳˣֻ뿴õ²ƬˣǸʲô˶ѣѧƷԡ㶼ûʧŶС΢ЦŽ͵˵ĵҲ
ҫһ뻯ĴߣҫʹͻƵڣҲûһ˿һķȻԷûжٺòˣԼ׶༪ˡ
ԭˣˣλǰǱ£ʵǳ޷أҫڵ
ͻȻһ뵽һĽڣڻصҪܲУǰķҲҪϣֻǲôƽ޹ʵȥҲʵģͻȻץ϶ԸҲֻͨҶ
ΪʲôأʿǿĸǶţëʵ벻ͨǰ󣡡ҫȭ˵
ȥƷɺˣ˵澭պľ񹦱дãӲҸ㣬Ҵ򲻹ֻܴӦ΢һ㣬Ҳɣ
ĲĳѣһСһãΪ˺ŪҫǻѻۣӾԪܣٴӱܳƷɣƷӴ˾񹦡
·ΪǷˣⱲ˵ĻѶûнĶֻ࣬ЩʱѲ⣬Ľһѣˡ
ǰǰʶǰҫϲʵ
ˣǼһ£һһǰһЦŭһһأֱԼĳɾͣ𵱳ЩһҲûˣĵЦصһգЦݸҡҡͷһ죬˷ǡ
ȻǰķԸʹƴҲҪסķȻǰλǰʧҫ֣صıȭ񣬼Ϊ˵
ܺãֻҪȡðǿ֮λҾʹǰ£ɣЦкݺݵһǸͷˣһعѰ
ǰĿԴҫȭһ񣬼ΪŵĻص
ǺãСһúŬǿ㣬վʹ˱ɣĵ˵ͷֱһӣʧڰҫǰ
ҫǰҫһߵҶϹ˲ָ糣ĿŰҫҾ֮ǰǶ˲ǱסΣ˼άˣ԰ҫһУǲ֪֡
磨ҫڶ˭񰡣Ůͬʵ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣΢ЦصոԶһ˸ҴкҸأ
Ů˵ͷҲûɣҫ˵ͷЦߣǹȥ˵͵ʲôöأʲô˵ͣ
Ůǰһֵĳ֣κŮ˵ûеֿģǺŮһһץסҫ䣬ɱ
֮ϣСŴҫһͨԻЩߣͨߴһܶҪƣۣΪ˵ѺŪ׵ģ˵ô
ŵ˻ȸԾȥСЦĻһۣһزˣҫ˺ӡ󣬶Ƕ˵Ǿ֮ϲ
ӣǵĺӻǲöԸĿЦһ˵
ʲôöԸҪ˵˲ŶԣǵĹСߣųһţ䶼ǳֻͣϧĸȴôĿ࣬ԺһҪúõĲУС˰һۣΪԵõ˵
˵ĶԼˣѪͳҪƽӹѰ֮ǰõ֤ѽĻЦ
С΢죬һڣڵϲĶһζûУˣܶʲôʱǣ
ҾðɣԼΪ


ʮһ ѡԩ·խ
䱦ҫĻƷóģħڲҲ߹Ľ׷Уϱͨ͸һֳ֣ʮﳤʮ׿ؽֵ̣ϱ·ͨĴһ᳡
ֻҪܸóȼֵĲƸ֮ڵһƷ㶼򵽣ȻҪȼ۵ĲƸС
ҲˣֱħڲԱԱʥأʲôеĵر޿ѧūгС
ҫҲΪռ˽Ųݲʸ룬Ϊ䱦ֻħ֮еڲԱʸ룬̤֮ʸ񶼲ӵеġ
ȻҫԸԼûôʸҲǳʮּΪڵ˵ǿ֣ҫԼһĴǾǲøŮ˳ȥ֣ȷһ൱Ĵ
ҫһθоŮ˵ڹϵǿͬʱҲеԼһΪǰˣһֲĹﵽɽڴʱ˿һëöûС
ֲʱҫѾоŵװʹǲȸһֶսһҪƣۡ
ϹҶȴ·ӵ޾һ㣬Ͳ֪ۣʼվûͣЪϢҲûҪظ˼ҫҲֻܿзġ
´Ƶ¼ԼжԶܶԶҲֵ᷸޴ΪˣϾεĽѵѾ㹻̡
磬ûʲôôʲôûѽϹ溿һɥİҫΪΪûʱƷգʵϣҫΪôȰ˵Ƕ˻ȥеա
ûʲôֻǲôҪȥЪЪţҫεЦЦʵ
۰ˣ磬Ҫֵıɣܶ࣬סִ磬֪ʺңϹԴ˵˵ʵڵģ⸱Դһ˿ǵı飬ȥǴһɵĿɰ
ҫһ󣬿ڻصʱĻǾѡֱ仯Ҫ̫࣬΢ӹһܽͱˡҿСƵĶսпص㣬ֻҪֳⷽصˣҪʲôر
ϵѡ˵ıһѶȣ֮£Ӳеص㣬ѡЩӵ٣ԼԷܱȽϺõġ
ҫļһ׼ȷֱӣϹΪȻĵ˵ͷҶҫļ֮ҲǴͷİҫ۹֮Ѿ󼰵ģ̶ֳָȵߣֱ׾١
һ̣䱦ı̲Ǻܶ࣬ĿɲѰΪܸߵͲȣҲ൱ĲƣһЩǿýףҪﻻſɡ
̵ƹ൱ĽӴŰҫˣϾ˵ӰҲʲô֮Ϊ֮һƻеģҫųսսʤҲ֪ģƹ˿ҲӦġ
磬ҿһһãеѡˣϹ溿еŵһһӾͷ֪ѡ
ƹģû΢ӹһ㣬ٶٶȵĽҶ¿ʵ
еģеģСĸպһǡýߵתٶһ࣬ͬʱǿʶ̶ȣ˽ʱܹ𵽼ǿƹӺȡָ߳һʿƵıڵ
Ϲ𱦽γһֽףһ˿Ϲ˫Ŀһһýƺǡ൱⡣
ȻƹȻóôһҲδǡ١ҫ΢ЦϹ溵ļ򣬺ĵ˵ͷС΢죬¡ǡƹܡ
һС̡һ۷ĳ֣ɱһͷǧޣȡڵںǧƶɣ˽һֽ֣ܱ̼ߵĽѪڳ֮ʱܹǿ߳ɵĹ٣ҽ֮ϻза棬˷ȣٶȲ棬Ҳһɶõأ
ƹϸ˵һһܣȥƺǱǡҪǿ˶мңγһܵȷƹҲʵˣûôʡ
Сã㿴ıʣҫϹ΢Ц˵ǡ̡ǡǡﵽϹ溱ʵصӦҪôѡҪϹԼˡ
š͡ǡɣϹ溳һһ𡮽ǡ΢Ц
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵƹģҪˣ
ƹЦʲôƷѡһ˵Ǵ׬Ȼ̡ȷҪǿǡ۸ϵĲҲǲ٣һһҲƽ̫ࡣ
üȻϲ˽ҲԵʹȻСıۿۺˣԭҪʮֻ򼴿ɣΣƹĴ˫֣ЦĿڵ
ҫпһüһףҲֵۣϹҲʱã赺ϣǮҲֵ
˵˰ҫҲûǮСƱƱһ治ʲôֻƽҲǽڼĺܣͻ˲һ
Ϲϲı֮ҲǷǳĴСȡŰƱԱȣٽ1=1001=100ͭƹС
Ҫˣǳ٣ӳһļ۸ɣһޱȵĻͻأ֣ҫͬƹĽǽüͷҫŤͷһˣüһԩ·խ
ҫУܹһŮͷһŮ棬֮Уҫʶˣ˵ǱѰӻҪ׳ŮӣԼθݣݵӣȻǴͷҫ֮󣬲ûҧһŭ֮ɫꡣ
δĹӣ񣡡ҫһŪ֮⣬Ц
ҫеǲԩҲͷԵְɫǺ죬ؽҧ˫۵ŭΪʵʣֱܰѰҫٳɷɻңʵǳ˼ۺ졣
ǵҫէ֮ʱڵĶ棬УԼЩǡ
ǲҰԼϵ꣬һҫˣһҪǰסһԼǰԼӣ漴ֲΪˣЦͣ
ҫһ꣬Ƕϸ΢ľٶȻӲԼ۾ôǰλƽ϶Ǻܲƽˡ
ǰеߣվһòǳƽӣֶ˶գգ۾ͷֲ֡
ǣҫӲһϢʱ䣬˲е˶ԷĲҫһּǿҵѹȸļ¸С
ƺǿ֮аһɼ񱩵ĵ⣬еĸ֣ڵġʡаɣȤҫ鲻ԣа
ôģΪֻڣǸҵĸоܹƾһ㣬ţлԺ󣬺úһеۣ뵽
ǰҫеĵһμ棬պĽӴ£ҫе㻳ħŵ콾ǣǲǶеȱۣΪûһġ


ʮ һ֣ƶݣ
ҫжһ΢΢һЦƿеĽƱݸƹƹҲǴݽܣһĻֱüȵƹģҸո˵Ļûô
ƹ΢΢һ㶣Цйӣǡѱλ£һӦ֪䱦ͨĶ˼ҵˣҪҲϲڵٴιͻȻ㾺ۣǲϹصģСɲ᳡
ƹȻЦ˵Ļûʲôӣ˼ҲǺԣǾǶȥˣǾ˼ҵˣҪȥˣҪǿĻǾƻأħҫ䱦ƻأ㵹ǿԡ
бƹ˵ҲֻܸûƢ֪ħʶΪƹ񲻿ã治ĻһץסԼҲδܱԼ
ҫȥ¾ˣʦϲԸʮѽ͵Ҹ棬Σ˿ڵƺеӣȻΪˣҲò
ǸСҪʵڰĪҫ΢ЦصʵҲȷʵˣеĶУȴ쳣Ĵ̶Ϊҫڿ
ʱߵŮ˶üë˵ơꡢ硢磬ɱǣʰĸɾ㣡
ŶУʦͦ˼İҫɭȻЦ֮ʮ㣬еۣеʦûȫѷɫ˵ſ
ʦòɣҫ䣬Υ߽ᱻػʩʹǵҲסǣ³çģŮ½ǣǵĵѵ
ʵҲεĺܣԼλʦǳŮƽһЩССֻ֣Ҫûϴû˸ô±ҪŰ裬ɴ˵زͬ𴦣治Ϊȥ
ʦûе㲻ʳ˼̻״̬˵ĵطԵе㲻֪ˣʱһĿڻصôôɱ˼ӹ˶ѣɾˣֻҪħֲ˭֪Ǹɵģο֪Σӹ˶ѣɱҲɱˣħҲΪǼǷɣʦеСˡ
ˣ˶ˣĻǣԼҫˣƹжˣ˵ȫŮϣڿƵÿŶԷ
ۼʮĿעԼŮɫȻߺһƬΪ飬һŭȵǿҸʲôɣ
Сʦã˵䣬㲻ģʦҲס㣬У˲ӹأǣ˼ҿǴأû˵ɣҫ֣з˷ۣεÿڵȻƽȴŮٷɼƽҲʮ㡣
ңҪʡбǵСϲ̨ģҫ΢΢һЦȭһ
ҫֹˣ⡮졯ͷⶫ֮Ҳ֪أǽս°صıٳͻʤ°أıأбȭ񣬾һ³֮һɿ񱩵ĵ˫ϯֱҫȥ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ǰ֮ѸʵƽҪʵԼԷѹȶܲסеġʡͷ޻޼٣һ˿ˮֶûС
ٸеĵֱѹ֮ʱŮнЦͣǶԸеʵȻʮ㣬ȫΪҫ֮Կ˭֪뷨𣬰ҫǻԲһñȽһҵеĵ񽻲һ
˫Ƶһײֳ˸ҫ⣬˲ȥҫͬʱȻһЦʼ߱Լơ
Ȼҫϲ֣ôҲǺĬĴ㣬ƾƶԿжһ֣սߵıԣˣôҲҪ辶Ķһ֡
ҶϹ˼ͬʱ˹ֿ˵ΪҲܵסƶԳ֮µѹƹҲʲôѰɫͬ˹ֿΪʥڵĳ̶ȡ
ʦ߾Եúǲˣʮ࣬˻亹ֱð˫ȶɸҪʥڵһס壬Ƕվվȡ
Ҳǣֵ΢ΪôܸҫּĸᲢۣƶܲסʵǶĺܡ
ȻҲݺݵĴһǶ˵Ķ棬ǰ裬ţҲɵҫжǿڿеĸܵˣĸţȻĻԺ治ڰҫǰ
ԽԽңһʱֲ£ӮҫոͻڲãǱеľΪ󣬺߿۷ľΪԭӦ˲ȴзͥûʲôѹ֡
ҫ֮Ի㾪˵ʵֱӿԽ˾ΪĲβ࣬⻹Ҫ鹦ǿܵͬʱǿҫڵѾﵽʱ뷨Ѿƽˣһ֮ϲ
Ӱҫ̶˵ʥ۷ʱҲͱڵ߽ϰѣȥûʲôʵȴǺ˵ҪΪʥ۷ȫܸᲢۣϵĲûôױԽ
ҫڽǿܣֳɣһǿǣһǿͬȾҪȻͨͣϰӲĸƽˣټһ·ϵͣͻƣδͻ֮ǰ䱾ʵѾﵽڵĳ̶ȼϷѪ֢Լʥ£Ըڴƽ֣ټӦʩչĸ϶ӵ
ǰҫδͻƵ֮ʵڣͬʱǿ£ԭ͸һȵﵽ˽ӽ۷״̬ûȴŸӾͻƣʥѾ˰ҫףзѪ֢ļӳ֡
ʵںȫ֮µİҫﵽֲֿľأοҫнĿռ䣬֮ʱڶѣڡڡԼ۷أʵںʱİҫжǿ
ҫʵѾͬλεʵ࣬Ҳ˵Ҫûдﵽ۷ĵزǰܲ˰ҫˣ۷ҪӮҫҲѵĺܡ
ͻƺİҫѾǿУ׼ʵǿΪսĽսȻʣս
ʵΪ̫࣬ôģҲ۷֮ʵаޣʱĵѾֲһĳ̶ȣ岽֮ڵ˶ж֮ĸо
ҫȴʼձɫԼԿʱѾտʼǰ·֮Ͷңһո߹ͷĸоҿͣеĵȫѷɫ١
˶ĺ죬ΧڵֿƶԳʱѾԽĳвָ²ֵĴ㡣
ʱһͻأĴܳڰҫж˵ĶУҫУٲ֣ͣǴ˿ҪˡȷƶԳ£ǹѹǻٳȥ
Ϥ൱Ϥո𣬰ҫ˲ĿһѾþû٬ְʮɤˣǸ߸𣬰һ˰ĺδأ


ʮ ּ껣Ҳհף
ĳ֣˵ս⿪ʼͣҫʾͬʱ֣Ҳǵ˵ͷĴӦ
ҫͬʱһջƣǿӦֽ࣬˲ջأߵ˾ˡ
ͻȻһһڣҶе˵ʵɽܲסּ޵֮оΪ͵λ棬ض˽ˣҶԼҲŲСˡ
˽ȫջػ֮󣬰ҫͷҲصĵЦǺþòأôܶˣ
һ翸˻ҪߴĹͭɫ޵꣬ƵڰҫǼ̵ݶ֮ϣһаЦڵҲûѽ¶Ҳ̫һɣ¶ѣѾԸжԿ
˻ԵͬҲ۷Ϣ¶ѣڵ۷壬˭һ㰡ҫһЦ˵
ͨϢоҵΪüͷ΢壬żһ㣬һƬҶһ㾲Ʈڰҫǰϵľ޵˵ҲнٽȴϢƮȻأɼṦ֮߷˼
ҫǰ꣬һжû䣬ֻаЦŨصİǿֲĹһжû䣬С
ҫ˱ͷԼľ뿪Цû䰡
ʱ𣬶ͷϵĵϸߣҪĹΥʱ˿Իᱩҫһ٣ƽޱ߿ЦһôϲǲУǷϡ
ˣһɱƵĿңǿЦɣ껣ҫÿɷһЦк
ûǰ翸޵꣬ǵҫǧС԰пųǸ¼Ұųһľţ껡
껵׷·𵱳һĻĿ껵ǿҲҫ̵ļ䣬ǿֲʵ·׹һת˲ʰ˵¼߽ܣԼ֮ҫǿս𶾻ʵʱսǸһȵĴڡ
Եʱİҫ˵Ҫ껽֣ûбʤİգȻָоҲڣʱ˿̵ɴҫָо뵱ʱԼȣҫǿ˰ٱָֹоɴڣǿɲ⡣
ֻҪ㲻ҵ߿ЦһǿԸѵģĻҫҾᵽûĺ˰ҫһۣ˵
ãããҸⲻˣܲܰİyһգô㶼ۣҫָָ껼ϵİy뿪Цʽ˵
ƲƲ죬м㶮ʲôyԷǳǿȻǰҵרѾɱϵԴӱݺ֮󣬾һֱţڴִƣͱҪʱ޿̵Уͨ飬ֻܷӳy
˵ˣçǫ̂͵Ҫԣԭһ껣ڼӵ߳Ϲ溶ʱǰһһ仰ԴϹ溰ﲨ
һĻҫʱޱȣɿһڵССͣӵǲ٣˵ô⣿
Ϊʲô⣬ڿ¼Ҷּҵļأ¼ڶ⣬Լе˶ôɣ
һȻ˵Ǽ˵ļƺҪĳ˵ע⣬԰ҫǻôῴֻεķ˷ۣͷҶϹ˵£СȻȥҸѾ۾ۣһͻȥ
Ҷµ˵ͷһСģϹԼסȥϹеġǡʵеʦ۲ĲУȴҲҶ
ϻҫǲе˵ʵ϶Ҳȸв٣ολ¼ڶƺҫ˽ǳǾ͸ûϣҪǿҪǡˡ
СʦĻʲôǷ֮룬ӵܣҲɵ֪ʲôʱøʲô˵ڣӦñ͹ԹԵĴţȺ䡣
ֻǣҫ˵С֣Ϲ溴ż뵣ĵĻҫʱ˲类һԭʯˣеİy֮ȣ档
ۿ껱״̬ҫҲǺյĺܣ֪Է֣ʱǣȰѸһ˵
֣֮ǰˣҫǰȭ΢Ц
л֮һ˵ֱ˰ҫһͦȤģϲ
ʱİҫǱŵòᣬëֱһ񺮵ĿŸУԷҪǺɫĻԼҫĹأҲҪսһˣΪҫɲϲԼ˵ϲָоһġ
дӰҫı֪ˣԼ˵ˣæֽ͵ҫˣҵ˼ҾͦȤģʶһһ֮ս
ҫһɻҲԸеĺ仰е⣬ʲôҪз֮ս˵ȫìܰ
ҫоģ꿪ʼϰһֱʮ궼Ƕһ޵ﵽеĳ֮ġ
Ҳˣ˽ʣԼҪύˣͻ״˼ύȻſֽдһʱһȵİ꣬Ϣĳڰҫһǫ͵ЦݣԽ͵
ҫͷһ꣬һƵЦݣðҫȻ𾴣ֶԷü֮ĳʸԼܽӽͬʱǹѪĸоٴγֻ֣û֮ǰôǿҰˡ
Ľ֮󣬸ҲǲסĵͷðҫЦֹħŵ콾Ǹ뾭ѵѰ·볤಻ʲֲϣ֮ðҫĻ˵ûһģ⡣
ɾ⣬ҫദŻе⣬ΪǷݶթĶǣǵÿһ仰ÿһ¶ǳԱı⣬ʵ١
ҫ֣Ҳǲʶձ˻ҪϻʦŸյ½ٰ֮ѾԻϥ̸ɺãһ֮󣬸ͻȻʲôŰҫȭ˵
ҫҲǱȭ񣬿ڵãҫҲٻᣡ
еȻһЦ˹ִеȥҲǴҴڽһʵΪǿǰһԵôɫ֪ҫ֮ĻзĵһԵıдߡ
֮󣬰ҫ´Ű꣬Ҳ΢ЦĿŰҫϸϸĿһȻòͬɻ¶ʣǼΪ
̨֪γƺ֮ǰл̨ˣҫסԷʵˣǳıȭһ񣬿ʵ
˵ҲɣҲհףһ֣ȶ棬΢Цص
ôɰҲհףҫһڵ
ǰɲ飬Եɶԣҫֱ֣ңǻΪܺõѣֵҲ˵׼ŶֳȱȭЦ
˵Ҳ޵Է֮⣬֮ЦݣҫҲǶøд
ڰֱҫʱеľȱ𵱳ˮĻϿҫҪֱӣȻȻЦ̸ʵȴǸпǧ
̫ˣҲܣСߣҲˣֻغùһؾͱȽ鷳˵ġ


ʮ Ψһİһ壡һָо
ҫһ°ɣʧعһҲˣҫ߿ڽӵ
ǶԻؼ˯ȥˣǶѾкˣȽʧɣҫ˷ۣЦ
һ֮ɫɿһڽܵλħĵĵӣ˳ơһֽİչˣ
óý껼İҫһ˾ͷȥƺܻ˰
ǺǣҲСɰɣҲ˵ĵطҽԽʶҫ֣ô֮ܲأȥҵһƷ裬һ߳ģ񲻿գҡ棬롣
ҫ΢Цͷ껴еĿľΪҰգȻҲܾƲ߳䱦һ·Ŀ챦洦ɼûһ˵ȤϾѰҫ˵ļʶԣЩãȴ벻÷ۡ
ҫõĲ¥ʿľۼأȻһΪۣﲢȻģֻ߹İˣĳЩдǰ㣬Ŀ
żڰҫԶһ˱ǣһȫĵķɸУҫһڣһò裬սһģҫ˶òչһЦ
֣֪ħ˽Σҫ΢Цʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵ֪һɣϲҰ׵ҵļλֳôϽģԶħһЩˣ֪࣬ҫʲôҲֻӦذˣ
ҫ˵ͷʵ֪ħ֮ûһ뻯ķޣ
еģ뻯ĴߣһǷޣҲ԰ɣ˼һ󣬿ڻص
ҫһüٴʵ֣ⶫڣֻħŵΧڣбİռô
󣬱ĵطҲ֪ħŵΧ֮ڣҿԿ϶ħһ⣬˸ϣ
а֮ˣ϶ѱ֮ڣϼҲѾ֮⣬Щϼֲ뿪ˣѾȫλֳ˸ɾҲʲô󷽷˵ڣ֤ħټһҶǿ⣬Ҳôʲôֻǰҫȴ˵ʲô
³򣬲֪ܣܷ͸¶㣬ҫҲǿ󡣡ҫ˱ȭʵ
ҲǲܣҲ޷ֻǻҫֱܣɱ˵֪̾ϢһŰҫȻһЦһ˿ĪζƺҫһƵãôذζ
ҫһ󣬵ͷصģҫǶڶ֮ˣ£ҫǣ⴫
յ˵ͷڵҲ˵̫࣬ʮǰ״ڱչǰԸǼֵܣԼ常ȥģֻΪһ£ǾǽѰصʱ״ʧߵܣ˵ҲɵĺܣСߵҫͬͬհ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣չһЦ֮£֮ͬͬ˶ţëɺϰɣ֮ǰҫĶʵеˣֲҪ黳е֮ҫڴ˸ⲻˣ
հ˰֣΢ЦҡͷҪڣͻأĴһձ˴Եе㲻ã˵Ҳ˵ôҪӴͣκ¶׼ң
үǻС㵽ˣ˵ִҪ㣬סүǷ񡣡һż˵ڰҫżãԶı仯һ㶼ûио
üܲ˼Ŀһ۰ҫ껣ҲΪ½ĵ˵ͷոһ뿪¥£һ¥Ƿ·𱻿ϯưİͷŭ
һ޻£бɴŮӣŶȣָȻһ¥ƻǳֱʣҿӣƺûаѽĹطԵ쳣޿֡
磬㲻̫ôʣԵò̫ÿ
֣ǺǣĸҰɱᣬЩɲҸɵģħĹҶ˭˹ؾץ˭ǰɣ£һԼȥܲף̬ȳϿҵ㣬֪ôŮӣȻħֱɡȡ콾˳ơӡ硣
ҽйڣʲôͿ˵ûϹ֣һɭȻ֮ɫҪԼ㹻ͳֽѵһǰͷҰѾͷ
ã˿ѰҫңϾߣʧռ㣡һ˵ȻҲǳŰҫ
ܣҫҵѣܶ˵ãοɽйڣ@Ҷ֪ûʲôԹɣƲһֽۣһص
޹أҫɱȷ޹أʦó˹ѸҲи޹ôһᣬһɱޱȣղмЦ΢ɱⱻɢȥΡ
磬׵ĸ㣬Ҿҫ¥ϣǸʵĻԼȥһֽȣùһӴƵڻǰ˫Ŀһֱƻ粻ţޱȣɭȻЦ

Ǳɴµľݣ쳣ķȻҧгݵģֻѰմж˿飬ֻҲ㣬ʵ򲻹գû֣Ҳ򲻹ǸĴʦ㵽
¥°뻪Ķţ¥ϰҫ껵ĿˣĵȻ졣
껣ȥٰ֮ɣΪô죬Ѿе㲻ϳˣɲҪСʧ󣬰ǻ˸ġҫ΢Ц˵
ȴ֪ʲô¼ǿҩΪģṉ̀Ԫĵҩĺñ·ߵӲݣʹôҲ˲ġ˫ͷƲƲ죬ڻص
ҩѳΪ㲻ôǳɣҫȤ˵
ҶԼĵҵģˮˮƵùܶСأ껰˰֣ڵ
ҫʼ磬Сȡ¶껣껽ӹ֮ȡԼöһ˿ҫһԣ׹һţ껽СӶҫ
ҫӹ֮󣬺ʵʲôţ
ƵһЩ˵ҩӦõţ͵ϴξҵлɣһν˵
ҾͲˣҫ˵ͷֲŤȻ£Ǻʵ֮ǰҵ⣬㻹ûлشңͨϢ֪ԷľΪ
ҫ˵ͷصôأһָоҾΪԽԽߵʱָоԽ񣬲ֻǸоԷΪ磬ΣյĸоҲ쳣񣡡
Ҳ֪߶ʲô̾˿ĿҫԷû̸ȥҲȻζ߳
ǧ֮ϣ֮ǰĦ븱Ů֮췢ͬʱնͷϵİҫ
ΪʲôѡӴңң췢ʵ
㣡ôӴǼУɱǿ˴򽻵ǿһǵûıãƲƲ쿪ڵ
СߵĻô˶췢ɱѣˡ
أʵ
ǵһֻ



ʮ ͫ򻨻þ뻨쳣
գһ͸ˣֿտյĻȥҫҪˣ֪Ųߵ磬ӹһ٣Ҿưոݣٸնһ󣬻ҲͲסӣվŭŭɫ
磬蹻ûУôпǰɣνҲеʱ䣬͸ĵףҵ뿴ģմһĨЦֺõĶŻ磬ƽջѵľһģҪ·ֱ˶硣
㣡
ۼռԼʵǿһ޿ֵģʵĻ粻УһԷȭյģҧгݵı飬ֻҧ°һŽޡ
ãҪǰɣҾ͸îˣҫҲҪҵʵɱһ˲ˣʱվ㱾ٴҲסҵͫϮаŭհֲãҲֻܷ߷߲ƽԭλѾʼΰ¶֡
Զ˴һصǿȣеĲ˱ߣͬ¶֮ǹѹȳ¥⡣
һĹھֻʣŵİ뻨磬վ¥ϦİҫԼں˯ܹ
ƻ䣬£ҫۿʱղûйҲûļҲֻ̾Ϣһظ¿ѶǶˡ
ֵǣ¥ӰûУûпҲˣ˶ˣİҫһֲ̫õĸо
ҫóƵ֮󣬻¥ԽߣǿҵϢбԽĳأҫüָо˵ȫĲİΪٽƻ֮ʱҫ͸ɹǾƶԳ壬ѹ
ô£¥ƴǰְɣĶ˭ƾòɢȰղأҫа̾еյһתһܣ֮ͫԭ谵ĻȻɼҫ˶ݲȵȥ
һ¥ãҫһ޻µŮԶǽŵգȻǶƶԿ
ǰҫ翴һӰ¥£Ϊò׼ǰҫ껣ʶʵ
ǣҫԵĻص
ǱٺòĻصɭޱȡ
üͷһƣ»ʲô֣˲θһһչİҫصܲ͸磬ҫҲüðҵķӦǰŮ߲ư
ҲɭȻһЦ˫Ŀ΢УһĨɫӫ⣬˫Ŀ͸ɢ
ҫ˲һ㶣ͫ׼С˷·޾Ԩ֮УûκεĴдڣоʧ֮࣬һƬƬ⾵ǰͣתÿһƬ⾵жһãȻԼ
ʱ˿̵İҫоԼ뵽ˣ򻨾Ͱȫ޷԰ΣָоٳֻصĵУֹĳȥ
ˣҫҫ򻨻þ֮У֪ĥΪһմ֮˰ɣЦǰİҫ˫֮ͫгһԵɫǷ糵ͼΣڻתҫ˸ʯһһ
磬
ջͷһҫ˫ͫеͼΣԼӲʱը˷Σ˫Ŀ׺һɣأɤͳ˻ޱȣ˱׶ˣƽʱĶŵģȫˡ
һɫ֮ǿֲɱɽХһϯ磬߸Ǳŵòᣬ˺üæ˹壬ý䱸֪ǱԼƵеˣô˷֮İգҪǲΪ֪һ档
λҲͫҫ۾Դڵ
ʲôⲻܣŵûʧɫ˱ĲУŴ˼ĿŰҫ
ҫ˫ͫеǷ糵ͼѾʧӰ٣ȡ֮ǳɫĻǳȻĴ۽͸⣬Ե쳣񿥲
ԭˣҲͫҫ˫۱仯ݽҧǴмһ仰ԵüΪʡ
Ʊ仯죬ҫ˲仯˻İ֣дһͬʱҲ԰ҫȻ־ǺûԵø
λҸԩ޳𣬲˺ְɣҫȭһ̽˵
ߣ֣һҪأɱʦñعѣ㹻Сɱǧٴˣ˵
аڳҪָܣ͵ϮҫͬҲͫ壬ãһʱ岻ʱ֮⡣
ôһǣôˣ鷳Ľҫüһӣһ߷·ӵһɴܣڵĻȼֳȻƬ
ߣӲģҾͲŰܻһӣСȰ־ܣĪҪǣˣ֮˫ۻְָɵƳҫʱ˲ͣһ˫ĿֲƵĿŰҫ˵״̬˾պ㵱Ϲǰ㣬Ͳûˡ
ҫƣɽˮˣĪĶһ仰ƺŹתŶĶӡ
һĻðҫնˣͻı仯еǲ֪룬֮ǰһɷĻ磬ôһӸ˹ƵߣʵƵĺܡ
ҫһԼȼ֮󣬲ŻָոһĻôҲ˵ԼֹˣѵԼòŵ˶Է
ʵȷŵ˶ԷֻţͨһƬķ·Ҫĳǻ۾Դǰҫףȷŵˣŵûᣬų㺳ˡ
ҰѾͷһôôŶ~~~ˣԭ˰˼һ󣬵յ֮ƺ뵽ʲôһֲҫ
֣ôо񱥺Ⱑ֪ʲôô֮ǰλﵽ˭һûüôˡҫǹŹŹֵֹ񿴵ĺܲȻʵ
ǻȵĻ磡Ӧ֪ɣ΢Цص
ħֱ֮һĻȣǸǻǻ㲻ǰкɽţлȣһսˣҫ̾һ֮Уûаֵľţһ˷֮ɫ
ңԲǻֻиѣĶֻһɽŵˣڻ磬ӽΪģǸ߸Цʼձֲ⣬İҫղֱֹë
˰ɣҲң껴¥£һ˯δĺܣôܲѵζ
ҾܲѰݰʣһйͬԣҫ뿪Ц˵
ȥģټɣҫȥı˳мҪæ˸̧߳ſڡ
ʲô£ҫУʵ
Ȼ֪ˣˣľһǲܿԼﵽģҪУԻȥ֮ǧҪżͻƾΣգͻƣа취ٸ㣡ͻȻʲô˸ӣ˵͸ġ
šðɣģ֣پۣҫŶ˱ȭһ껴ǰͷҲصİ˰֣Ǳȭ
ҫȥ֮󣬰յֳһС˵Ů΢Ц磬Сô
ȷأûʲôʸò˸״ˣ
ðɣҲֻеʩչǸȷأ
ţû


ʮ ڶսƻƣ
峿ҫ󶷳ӭսĵڶսսʮʮһһսֻԽԽңҲԽԽ̼Ϊȵ󣬾ֻʣеĸˣսȻޱ
˾պ㡢ܲѡڿ˸ҫͬһ·ϵЦ֣öΧǰսɸֲĿѡ
˸߷ԸԯޣƫƫǸһֵһȻһĸоһ룬ȴĿһ飬γһֱķ羰ߡ
ҫεĶ˭˾պʵ
긮Ϲӡ̡ҫڻص
Ŷ˵ڽƺл򣬲ڵʵĻҪӮҲѣ˾պ˵ͷڵ
˵˾ôҫķ򸾵Ļһ䡣
ţûʵǺ֪ڽȻ󣬵ҲͬСÿʩչһ˿аǱھ֮Уջ֮أ
ǿ磬ڵ˾պǷ˷ۣŤһԣ˼ֱһԩңھҫҲϰ
ʮ̷ֵʱΪʱʹ߳аʣаθ䲻ȴΪһֻͣͲǰ˵ҹٽʹĲ֢Ļ츳Ҳ١ν͵ļΪϸƺ̵һк˽⡣
ҫ˵ͷ֪֪˰ս֪ܶһ㶼Ǻõģҫụ̂Ҳ֪ΪΣţΪ˻ȥĻܰһѾͰһѺˡ
һֱ˯ûôϹ溺Ŀŷ·һܲѣ߻һˣ۰˯¶߲Ϲ溼ĺġ
ŶûµģĹԽ˯ԽѣЩʱ۾ȥʵΰѣڵģܲˣֻҲûάֶãڻع֮ٴν״̬
ϹԴһܲѵĻƺʲô˼Է񶼲һˣһ˾պ㿴һĻԽ뵽˯ѣҸŮ㲻ã
˾պһĿεܲѣ֪ǣҲһɭĿ֮пҲڿҶ±Ƚˣ̸һĸо
֮⣬Ҷ¶˵֮󣬰ҫ˷׷ڣɾʱȴˣҲ֪ɺϣıѾ֮һ־Ϲ
ŮݲԸҲᣬҲһÿһĴŻ䲻˵ϲҲᣬڻİҲǼзִ磬벻öŮ֮С
ڣǰʮϵ֣ɲ죬һ˫Ŀ֣ϢɽǿļˣȻֻǰ콾ˣҫҲڴС
յĹͬսɿռ乹ܶɣ˴һһ֣˾պ˾Ͳ˵ˣȻҲҲ߱ʲôв
һ֮Եĸ뻨磬֮ɫԼǰĶ֣ҫ˸Ƕ˵ĶƼǿ١
һֳڳЦеĿŻ磬һһ˫־ȭףڸôｻ̸ʲô˽ӣȻⶫ֮ڣһЩɽ¶ˮе콾
Щƽûʲô߶ʵȴǰμ֮ûһŮ֮ҫһᣬأԼεĶ֣Ǹڵϵ̡
ҫϸһ󣬼߱ǣüĿ̷ȥʹˣֻŲҰֽôв֢֮ز֮ˣҫ΢΢üԿĳȷǲˡ
ҫ֣֪Ķ֣һύֻȫԸºúսһʹ䣬ҲúңҫӦ裡̶ڵҲ˵
ҫ˵ͷͬأдҫʧǡ
˵֮һͨĴͣ˽뵽˿ռս֮ڣʼһֵıƴ
ռսҫǰϥ̣˱ȭ˵֣ˣ
̧ͷҫ˵ͷ˫һĵ棬˳˫һչ컯죬뺣һƺֱҫͷĺһС֣ȴǺƣƾ羪֮ףޱȣ̩ɽѹ֮ƣֱ¡
ڽƣƸǶ
֣Ʒҫƻƣռˣ
ѹ£磬ҫҴ⣬ʥ¡ͫͬʱתͺһ˫ƽչһֱϣһһıһ𾢷ۣƶһ߿Լױȵƣ̶ֱȥ
ƣɽ
˫ƶԺ䣬ضɽҡֲĻ˱ɢԳ𣬻ÿռսֻ֮Ƕˣǣ˱Ȼ٣⿪ͷһƣ˶ûȫֻ̽ƽɫ
ƾޱȣֱ۾ͬգʹޱȣһҫһ񹦣һ֮תת󣬸Űҫ֮ǰһƵǿа޵
ƺ֣аȻһһ羪ףֽʯ˿ڽƵȷŹ֮ҫ뵽һ壬ֱ۾еİ
ν棬˶Ա˴˵Ĵһķ˴˱ȭһһͬʱҫ˫ۿ磬ݺύƲֹۻң纣һѹȥ
ƣػԭ
ҫҲֱԹأ˫һ˫ĽһƬɭȻӿÿһƶпʯ֮˫֮£֮֮ҲȰҫ١
ڽƣ𣡡
纣ǧؽϣÿζԺ䣬ᱬһڴʱ֮Ĳ࿪ʼ˳
ҫƺ̵ף̵ƾȴ˰ҫĻʥ£ת˲ʮƣ֮࣬յ಻ԡ
ҫƲͣһһƴµĺ̵֮ϣһʱȫռϷ磬̱ƵĽˣеĻȫ컯һأ˲䱩һǿľȫһ֮ڣƻһ壬ɽһľͭǽһ㣬ҫ赲صùֲ
ڽƣأ
ҫƱͣ꣬Ǹ߸˫ͺ棬ﴫ𾢷ڣƼ˱һǰ֮±壬ȵ˻ɢ̵ƣǽͣıˡ
ƣޱߣ
ۼҫǸ߸𣬵һŶĻ𾢼ջڣһգգۼѵǰһ㶣ۿҫվڵ֮УΪ͹æ˹ء
֣սƽⳡսƽһɣҫ΢΢һЦЦе㲻ԡ
ֻһģͱҫռȻֻһ֮ǰջصĻ˳ֱ̼䴫ݵ֮ϣһ̶û뵽ԭ㴫ݵģһʱûзӦʵʵİ˰ҫһơ
һֻſޣһɢһϽУܻʹ֮ʱϸСĻâڡ
֮󣬷ֻ˿̵ǣ漴һ˿ĺڱ˿Ļ𾢷š


ʮ ֮ף
PSС©ģʮ£ǳţֲкдɻˣѾĻءʮ£εĺ˵ҫӮ˳°Ǹˣܸ֣ѸĻһˡС֣֮ǰдѾȫĻءʵڱǸС©ϣǼ֮֮ҶУܸƱȻж
ҫҽ긮Ƿһ飬պػ㣡̧ͷˮĻеӰۿ̱ɣյʹ಻ƷǵûгӰҫм֮ԣʵһͷˮ
Ŷԭ㿴ĳΪῴеأ٬ĻƵƵɴ˫ۣǸ߸
Ӵ껣ô𼣣ѶȫޣΪȥүǱأôأЦҲʶˡ
ҰѾͷǰһôûСүҸǰתһȦֻˣʧˣ˼أƳһƵЦص
л˵ȻǾٺòһöԪõϣʲôܿڱǣŤͷ껣һ˵
һ˵ЩôϹأһվɣһתȥ߱˵׼ҩģȥ̵Ұɣ
ȥҲ̾һҡҡͷƺڿϧʲô˼һأٴ̧ͷˮĻ֮С
߾
һȣ׹þòƽϢȲǳ԰ҫֻ̣һ𣬽ƣ֮Ļ𾢱ɢǿѹҫ
̵ϥأޱȣ֮ԭһŲİ𽥵ĻָѪɫ΢΢ſһСź¶ˬȡ
ʱ̣Ƽ֮ʢޱȽɫΪɫϸ߻ƲĿ͸¶һּǿơ
˶̵֪İȥͣͲǰľΪͻƣڣ뵽ڣһ˲ͻƣɵʵΪԸ˾պ㡢Ρڿܲһ콾ƽƽĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ˵ʱ̣õϹӵţһţΪķϣѾҫˣҫݹ̣ҲһԼһʵԼҲûʲôյģȫҽ
ҫ֣лպõõµĵطҫһ仰ɣ̶Űҫıȭʩг˸м֮顣
ʵҲֻǱһԵ̬֣ҹɹʻɣҪӺ񣬾һΪ²оĿˡҫ΢΢һЦڻص
ʵҫ̵ܹҲɺϵĺܣȾǼ֮һа֮ĿǣڽƵڽаŻ˽𡢼аĵҲ˵񹦵Ĵȫ
Σѵ긮ھûи̵ܽʵȻв٣ǲȥô漰ÿɵĽ̵ʽ긮ڽ̵µӵʱһȽֵĹ
ͻ񾳵ĵˣشңֻҪûеһ֮ʱֻ᲻ܲʣ澳гɳҲڵʹܽҲ֣ӶһֱǱڣҫˡ
ѾǲеˣԴ֪Լ֮û˹Ҳû˽⣬ѾĻˣû뵽ҫֵĳػΪǧﶼ޷µĸл֮⡣ٴ
ҪûаҫҪǰҫϳ֣ԼûнĿռˣǵý⣬ǽĽᣬӶ¾Ϊ˲˳ͻƣʵǿ󣬴˶̶ԣ֮
ʵҲûʲô֮ͶѣȥôⳡսǱùƽˣ֣Ǽδ֮սɣҫ˫ۻ΢Цͷ
ҫΪΰһǼΪ˲ԼҲʵ޷ӣðҫкܲζӮҲʤ֮䡣ô˵ҫֻԼȥ飬ңֻƽһս
ã±ضȫԸҫҲҪˣҲһ¾΢Ц˵˷ϲ¾ˬȥҲ˲٣Ȼܷ
֣ȷҫһ󣬿ʵ
̵˵ͷصҫȫ֣Ҳܺ棬ҫֵǿ˺ֵزǷڵʵ
ҫ˵ͷڵԸ
һ䣬ҫȻֱ֮ϣ˫ƻƵ˲Σҿͣ׺ƥ̩ɽѹ֮ƣͷ
գ
˫Ŀһɣаҫĵ֮ǿ޷ܷģڵ̶ȡ
ֲ̰и˫Ʒ趯ƷдһǿâĽǶȴƫصȵһʱҫĵƱ߽⡣
ڽƣƹǬ
ƱƣҫҲţμ׹أզ֮࣬Ҳͣżһ㣬Ӱһ˲Գǰ˫һƵ𣬵಻纣һֹȫûƵã̿Ϳ
̵ķӦҲҫٶȿ죬ԼҲϣݺύ۾ٶȡ֮ǿһ࣬籼ף缲磬ҫƵƴ൱ͻƺʵɱ֮ǰһ̾ˡ
˫ͣ
ڽƣ꣡
ʱҫ̶˾ȫԸѽѷ֣ƾâɢƾޱȣռս˴裬ʵǶ֮⣬ЩսȺҲͬѪڣк̾˷ڶ
˿ԸңһôôڵΪΪʲôԸڴƾС˾պָˮĻϵӰһ±Ƶʵ
󣬿ӽһӵΪˣ񣬸ʵĺܣֻһǶ˵Ļǲ١ܲѷǳǳǳѵõû˯ţĿתĿˮĻԼۡ
зôҫֵ׺ǵĲ̫һתʵҪһ̣žΪʵΪʲôһ־ͷ·ʵһ㣿ڿһãȻĿŰҫϵĻʥ£ʵǰ˼⡣
ֹˣһӦûûоȫвģȻûȥǿ̣ùѾʼе㼱ңѶüͷ˫ۻǰ쳣˵
˾պ㡢ܲѡڿһԼĶ֣֮⿴Űҫ̵սȻ˲ۣͬǽͬģǾǰҫʵס
ˣĸҲǣƷͷ㲻ǸģʲôãҪ֪ԭֱһܲͶ֪һ˻ͷָףڵ
껣ôˣ˾պʵͬ¶ʵȻҲʶ֪ġ
һսģڶҩġ


ʮ ϲǣʤһ֣
֮⣬ȺΧһţԼǰˮĻƷͷ㣬Ļ֮ڵսҲţÿֳʤ֮󣬱رһˮĻ
νһּҳⳡʮǿѾһ룬Ѿְֻɴʣµİ˸ڿռսڻɱţҲҫ
ǳ˼ǣо仰һּҳ껵˵ɣ˿İҫ󣬿ʼٹעսԹԵ죬ڰҫеһЩˣͲ̫ÿˡ
С֣˾պͬһʱսԸԵʣƽˣŵ콾Ҳ治һȥ䲻˵֮ԱǰɣҲûĴ㣬ֻԼڵ˴һ𣬿ˮĻеݡ
˵Ҳ֣ۿҫǿþˣֲҲŭһ˷֮ɫ˫Ŀ֮սʮ㣬쳣ÿܣԵСƶ飬Ūһͷˮ
ܺãҫһСһأ㻹ز¶ȻӵȾ˵ʵѾ߱ҽֵʸϣ㲻ʧźãڴ˫Ŀ΢΢֮дżȵս⣬˵һμʱֶ԰ҫǲмһ˵Ļôʱ˿̱Ȼˡ
νһּҳϲȻǣ껵˵л죬Լֵսֳһ䣬һòŮĿɿڴĿĻеһС
Ӱаҫս壬̶ľ춯أѷѽ⣬ҿǴݲȵ̬ȣƺûоȫǵ·磬зѹƣŮӻʧɫľѡ
ܣôǿֵزʵգңұɰŮȻɫȴǾԸӵĵز
ŮǻȵĺսûʼǰĺûаѰҫ˵ҫһʤù°أ͸ǰ̸Լˡ
ʵأпᵽȣԭĳ°أսҫ״УʱĺҲֻǾðҫеʵԼӦ޷ҲͶ໨˼ֽŰˣʼղŰҫܶԼʲôв
ȻҫŰҫ뻨綼չ棬ҰлСһ˫ƽָգűԶԣҫܸ˽ֶܣǴš
ҲڣϵһˣͬʱԼѾǰҫĶˣҫӮˣôյսͲôˣֱˣԼܻǰҫĶ֡
νԼԼ֪ĺʵȹȥ󣬿ɴʱΪһ㣬ԼѾܸᲢˣҪ̰ʮС
ҫ൱ƻҪǿһ˿ôԼıΣˣ䶨ˣҪô䣬ҫҪԸ°ȥԸֱܿ䣬ôսĺجΡ
ĺҧҧõĽԼһͿأûһڣ˼޹ĺҲֻܣѰˡ
λϣյʤ֮ĺһĿƳߵʵ
һͷϸһֿ˿Զ껵ˣƺ뵽ʲôЦСĪҪţһеʤֻ֮ǡ
˵޷
СҪɫ࣡˶ٿЦ
ʲô

ռսڣҫһƱƿ̵׷ͬʱȵŵǰܣƵһգ֮ʮҵâ̶ȥ֮еһɼдŷ֮һᣬһ֮䣬ȻƾϮޱȣǰĵâȫ顣
ֻһƺ֮ȴ˰ҫӰһ΢ɨ̸æȴһȻҫѾƾǿһļ٣Ƶ̵󣬵ȶԷֹΪʱӡ
ҫһ˫߳ʮͬĽǶԷ켣ѱ棬ֺֿݣ֮£ʮ߷̵ܳ˲ƣٶ̶̵գ֮䶯á
գж죬һһӣգܸ֮ʲôͨ˵ʲôɲˣҲֻգ۰ˣǶڰҫ˵㹻ˡ
ֻҫ˲еľת°˿ų漴Ȼһƺ𾢷֮£һŭһѣХ̶֮ȥ
ƣɽ
˵ʱʱ죬̸ոϵĻߣֽϣȻûа취зˣȫά׽зȡ˺ͣȻһӲ̿岻ֹ
̽ҧ˫һһ£סĳҫ˳ɹµһƣ͵ҪסζܣӲıײ֮ԶŽ仯⡣
ڻ֮ûаи֮ģȫ䱸ǿʮɹڵһʱ佫ɢֻһʱڣṩӦϣҫ롣
ȻַʽȥҫĹȽǱʤʩҫûץסĻᣬȻԸΥ̵뷨ǺõģֻǺ˰ҫֶΡ
̽䱸֮ʱһâǰ֮һһâ̵ֱĴ仮ɫâͬʱ𣬵̵Ĳһ亹£գ۵ʱ䶼Լѱ˵ɫâָҶ
⣬ҫ˫۽˫ָڿֻۣıֱÿָָⶼһââβɢסֻ̣Ҫҫ˫һ̷̾ܽʬ
񽣣˽뷢
䣡
̾һ΢ЦڣԼܵòԩҫʱİգֱ֮ۺֻһʱĵֱʤ֡
ʵҲûʧʽսԼҲǳ£Ҳܸоҫûþȫ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˫һأâʧ漴ȭһ񣺡֣ˣ
Ҳǹ˹֣̾Ϣûгһ˵ҲǾȫˣֻ˵˰ˣ
һ䣬˱ͳ˿ռսҫʤһ֣˳ʮǿ֮С
Ȼڰҫ֣֮ǰܵķڷҰҫ޷˵õľԴʧȥ
֮ڣҫʤ֮˼䣬ԼһȤǣܿռһɫâһ뻨磬ԼǸԵĶٰ֣ҫС
жӣ˫־ȭѺ۲ϣϵļҲǲϸĵˣҲö룬ȻǸӮˣӶŸбȭ֣ҫϲ
ߣֳڳӣҧгݵĵŻ粻ţԭһɿڳѱʿΣ˫ض̹Ͻ˲ϣȻٻϳ˴Ȼˡ
ҫȻһЦ΢΢ҡͷĳЩǲ̫Լ޹أһһͬ뿪
ɾʹʱֳֶϹӣһ׹⣬Żת֮ʱָһָһϸ緢˿Ϣļ
ۼ뽫Ҫ뻨ڣɭȻһЦѪޱȣҲûиӦԷİ֣ȽҲö֪
ҫǸ߸һָ˲ʧ


ʮ 棡ţ
Сӣ£ֹӺݺݵĵһ۰ҫôܽо档
˹£ƽҾܣҺΣҫٲȻ壬ΪмƳһۣص
ߣξˣȰһ䣬ҪʱƣøԼӦ˵ǻҪСģ˫Ŀ΢΢
ǺǣͲˣҫܻ֮ڣʵɲʲôЦʱƣҫ΢΢ԶԷľȻ壬ص
ܺã죬ҫǰɣҶεˣ´μʱϣ㲻Ϊ޴ΪеڣֹӺ˰ҫһۣǵ뿪
ҫųֹӵıӰɭһЦϸڣʱ˭ڻһأ
ι
һȣ˰ҫһͷһϢĳڰҫȻɴʲô飬Ǽ˫ʳָ۵ӣȻһŤŤСŮ״̬
ղţˣǼһеʵ֮ǰĲƣһʱҲûв֣֮Ǹšлˣͷƺ̫ҿҫ֨֨˵
޷֮Ͱˣҫ˰֣Ц
Ȼոհңһһ룬㺦ʦع£һҪģʼնͷ­̧ͷصðҫе
ȻɱģȻû֮ôҫˣȻһ˵ҫ˹֣֣µ˵ֻǴʱ˿̵ڲԴеϿԼ֮У˻ǺӣС졣
㣡һҫľٶʱһС漴˵λΪһӰʧ٣İҫԵɦɦףĲ֪롣
ǱŵˣǸôأǸ˶ѽҲʧɣҫգգۣ뵽
˵ʵڵĶڻ®ɽĿԽԽŰҫʱʱĶ񶾻룬ϰѻòԴǸˡ
ҫԺжԻòֳܰѵ˸ҲҪҫݡ
ȻղŵһĻҪǱ˾պǿƻǻɵԼԴҩֻþˣǻԴҩԴΪͲԺеǸ硣
ǼУԸʵ˲ҹάԽܣʵģŮʹСͳͳ⵽ı䳰ȷ
ʵĳЩȽϱԸӵı䱾ͨĶ򣬳ƣŭԷԼ֣úԷɹĳĳͲ
ҲˣŪħ֮ڣųɾŵ콾Ƕ侴Զ֮Լŵͬʦֵܣ̫ԸӴԸˣȻڰҫǰŤ֮飬Ҳֻ˵Ѳˡ
Թʧ٣лڸԼĶĸû꣬ƺ൱ͶԵҲڻʱѾûӰˣĶҲжŵģҲҶ
ҫˣʲôɵ˾պվſм䣬Űҫҫ˶ͷʾ⡣
ڰҫ߳һ̣ܽкϣ⵽ǰҫû뵽ģǿΪѾ˼룬԰ҫʵ㹻õҵأȻڵõصͬʱҲ֮
ҫ˼ȺЩ̫ѺõĿ⣬ȻһЦȥᣬ˾պҶ¶һЦĿŰҫ
ʲôҪ˵ôЦоʲôıӣҫüǰ˵ɵЦԼĸеһ˿⡣
Լɣͬʱóһŷݸҫҫ΢΢һ㶣ӹһǺޱȡ
ҫִָһŷ⣬˾պģ½ǵףұҶ¸ģ½ǵףҲ˵ɰСװ򸾸ҫˡ
ֻŵķʽðҫֺܲõĸоҲ֪ΪʲôҫƺĸĽݷ򸾵Ӱӣʵвһޱȶ񺮵ĸоµļƤ˲䶶
ΪʲôЩ뻯ĴߣЩⷽصĶʵԽ˾ԽأôųɾŶûһģҲǣ˴ŶҪֿдǲأҫƲֵ뵽żһҲʲô˲£ҫΪʲô¡
˵еҲ࣬ȣףҫ쿪ʤҫ˾סլۡסĸһ㣬˵԰ҫʵӦĴ
Ȼ󣬰ҫҫеĿȫ޶˵ϣҲ˵ҫҫҪʲôֱþˣȥļҾ¥Է˾ˣһл񵥣Լֻܾ͹ˡ
󣬰ҫԸǻţҪֻҪ޹ؾ澭ҺҪвʣżֱӽҫسǾšų¦д
Ϊҫ򸾷ôȷе㷴ˣŵݼһʵڹĺܣζʮ㣬ҸļҲصĺܣԼýƷɵʶѵֵǶˣ⵱бȻʲôɸ˵ܡ
ҫϸһҲûʲôͷٶ뽫ŷزŵ˵ҫǰЩ˵ıϿ˵ʲôҶڳԼЦЦЦĺǹթܲ⣬˯
ǡһֲЦݸл˵ƨͷţҫûĺһۣ˵
ףԼǨ¾ӣԼõʶԼ
Լˣ˶ȥǣú֣˳ЩҲҪǺúýҫ˰֣һ£΢Цص
˾պ˫Ŀһ¶һıóѵЦݣڵҿҪҪ͸һ㣬ɴѰеĴϣְ
ţҲУȥ̣뻨ȥϵš˳Ҳϰɣҫ˵ͷڵ
ǿľͷšҲУҫĽڣҲҷǾͽɣ˯Ѹϵȥɣ˾պ˵ͷڻصһԵܲҲ֪ˣ˯ˣվﲻͣǰҡڣȥڵͷ
һ󣬰ҫҽ긮ơԼǸߣ˵Ǳĺߵ껡˾պڿȥУܲϵС֣ϹҶȥһ磬֮˸ȥ
㣬ǲС߰ٿƵãָоܵģҪȥ̽̽˵ȷˣ
˵ˣɷӣǲ֣ô˵УⷽСʣĽӴǽɣ
ǣǡ
ʲôҲ˶ѣǴһ˼ҪǵʣҴǵüͷȥ̽£
Ҳ˼ðɣû˵
Ⱥ֮Уɫ۵Ůôܽн̸ͷַüĿ㣬Ůӳס毺ãӢʮ㣬˵עȫڰҫһϡ
Ů΢΢һЦŰҫȥıӰڵСߣʮʵֵزҲʸǵСˣ


ʮ ӡģƲ⣡
ҫʱżڳ⣬գ⵹ʡ˰ҫһȥңϵᣬǶ˾ڱȻ˶ڣʡ˲£ǰգҫҪ
ҫ֣ϲٴνϼе£ûȥҪҫһˣշǳڵȭҫҲǸæ䡣
ҫ֣л֣ʦǷһ飬ֻҪõµģһԱǣȭʩ񣬰ҫҪµæͦıֱ֣µıȭٴο˼䡣
һЦͣ껣Ҫڰҫٴ֮ʱ«ûгɹҫЦеĶ껻¡
Цݺ˵СӣҪ֣ӰƤ΢εЦϷˣ֮⣬ҫһ浹ڳ˸еȤζʮ㡣
ðɣڹ۲ҫԸʡòԼʱʱĶԸ񣬼״߰˳ɵƶȣֻʣǸˣֻҪѪû⣬ôݾͿʵˣ
΢ЦţԼֵܽίɹҫӴˣֵֻܽȷһ¡
ҫǲǵ۵ܣҲ˵ȷϰҫǲǰĸСĶӣȻǽԴϲ˽Լһȥǻ۵ܣҲֻ˵Υ˵ֱǣҫ
ȻӰյ۹˵ʵڵģҫûǰټҵѪѾ޹ؽҪҪϰҫˣ㲻۵ܣҲҪһΪҫΪˣֵȥ
ҫΪλᱻҪǣʮǰħŵһˣ˺Ҳ
˵ǰҫ˴к֮󣬿ʼ⣬ȣƶ˲μϵᣬҲƴȻӦֵ֮ˡ
֣һԷޣħˣħеݵλӦòͣ뻯ΪǵĳࡣҫһСӣŻУ֮ϡ
ϸһ󣬵ͷ˼һᣬҡͷصδħ֮Ҽ뻯ûˣʶҲر࣬ҵλǣǶ˵ľŸħ̳Ħ룬ʶ˻һ㡣
ţҿҪɣղײգɴͽˣҲֵ֣ܽһμӣԽԽҫϸϸһ顣
Ҫ̳һҲҪ˵һһʱ䣬Ҿ˵һ룬һͣ˿ڣ
ոմ紫Ѷ˵˶ᵽ˵ն˶ٿڵ
ҫ΢΢ʶĿڵô
ûУֻ̳ĸڷӡһĳɾͣÿһƬģԶλԻഫѶܷģֱһˣֱϳһöɫģԵú
ҫŰյֱͿⶫǵһƼνķӡڽֻЩϲ̨С཭󷨵ĴЩӡĵԵе㼦ˣȻãһЩԵ÷ǱȽϷġ
Ǹҫ֣԰ҵȷô΢Ц˵
ҫһ㶣ԼץŰյֲţŴۿԼ˵˻е˷绯ģɫ΢죬Ͻ֣εĿ򶨡
ˣҫмҪкͻȻôһ䣬ҫתתӣ΢ЦصΪĺ£
Ǹģû껵˵ͷ˿裬ڻص
ʲô£˵ŶҫĵЦ
ңŮ˵ҶҪΪ㣡껷˷ҫһ˵
Ϊҵʱ򣬶սûʲôģ־֮ҩҵսУʵһٵʤ԰ɣҫ˿裬Ļص
ȥ׳İһʲôû˵أ֪ˣ˵ô֪ģֻˣûе˵ĴڣıҲû꣬Ӧò֪ǽݲŶԣ껳Űҫ죬ĭɵĺ˰ҫһ
㿪ҵ㣡ѲôڵΪʵûطĸ£ͲҵĶ֣һսǰǿĽˣ˵֮أԲʧûӮϣرӮҲֻõҩʵˡ
֮ڣڵҩϣ˭㿿ҵ¼ҸҩأʵˣԲƲġҫƿ껵˿裬˵
һ֮ǰ˶һȻŰҫţ۾ǳ˵֮⣬ҫʵǿӹɣǰҫͷһ㶼֣еǴʧɫˡ
ʵ˵еͷԶȽϴǲߣ˼ά죬Ƚ³ۣҲдģҲзӦģǿ쵽ҫֻͨ򵥵һ󣬾ֱӿµıʣûжٵġ
ɰҫƫƫˣ۲΢һ˼άӦʹı˵ҲҲУ˫ȫ
ҫΪʲôǱԼඥأҲʵü˵Լʡ
ܼ򵥰ʵʵûеô࣬űȽܣڳ䲻£ȷǿЧֻҪ˫ʵ಻̫²ŻЧ
ô˵ɣʮĻһ֮޷𵽷ΪʤĿģ˶ܡҾʮ֣ҲӲӦеΪÿһԼѡᱻɵġҫ΢Цص
Ƶ˵ͷü˵⻰˵е˰ɣǲҲҲѪ֮ܿģ㲻壬ǿ⣬氤һ£ѵܲˣ
㲻ţǺǣ޷֤ʵһ¸㿴ǣҫŵЦݿڻصۼҫ˵ףҲϢĵĵ˵ͷ
ඥ͸ýˣඥ˵ˣ־սԣǴսĻǲĹ򶼲ãͻᱻĸɾòʧģҲûô
ҫƵһ飬ʼպûһ˿ǣǿɷ֣˴񫣬ѱ껶һķ֣ڰҫǿķ£Ҳɲ
ӦˣҫŤͷʵ
ţаõĺôﲻãңⵤҩҲӮ㣡ƲƲ죬аЦ
ʲôҩ
鵤ԽµߣΪһڣʱǰʱ֮ڰʱӵڵΪ
Ӧˣ
ţ
ܺãô콫ܣҲķڷˣ


ʮһ һˣᣡ
ϻԷǰҫҫס߽߳ĺۡԺȪȪۣͥ뻧԰ԼõУռذĶʹǧûлĴڡ
Ϊҫû˸ҷ͸ᡮĴֲڸۡĶĽǣû˵ô¡
ҲˣЩ΢֪ʲôİ콾ǣϻԷ֮޲е̾ĽҲУǻԵ֮жǿģҲֻǾ̾ѣʲôȽϼ˵ļ
Ϊﵽ̶ֳ̬֮Ҳһı仯ϵѾ̫ǿˣǷںԼһЩԼʵһĶ淽Ѿ˾Եת䡣
֮ۡڣԺ֮ڽܹĵĲϵ˵Ҳ֣ĴᣬʮһԲʽȻ񶼵ľƻʽʽѾǧ֮ãǵϲϵҲʽвõġ
˾պ㿴ǰæµˣĴŹǷŤͷһںȲڿһĲ֮飬ڵα˵ô£Щƽﲻôļһһһֵ̬ùԵãǰȼֱˣ˵᲻λǰкˣ
˾պŵΪڿҲգΪ˾պöȤζҲǿģ΢΢ҡҡͷЦҲûܣôܱ뻹ҪֲĵҪðɣˣҪǲֶδɣ
Ҳô˵˲֪һ֪ôȫӣҲδĶ֣˾պƲƲ죬һεĻص
˴ˣ˴ˣʵԽǵΪҲʲôرѵ£Ҷֻ֪ղˣڿ˿裬΢ЦĿ˾պ㣬ڵ
ԸһУҪԸ츳ٸʲôãңڣϷ˼䣬񲻿գ˾հ˰һν˵
㰡ôν֪˵ʲôãÿΣ츳ߵˣǲϻ˼ȥúĻǾŵһ㶼ŵǰףֵĵħһһҶ󣡡
һ΢ͳŮɤδϹҶ£֮У˾պʱ˶ԷһۣҲʼ磬Եޱȡ
ǵӣûоܾɣŮ֮˶裬һڣʵڿȻһЦ˵ͷ
Ҳһǵġӡֱ͸һƵģһǰҫ룬˵ľʹӦˣҿӺе㲻̫ԾһСŮҵɣҼƤ񶼵һأģλ統ʱģθһڡ
㲻װ⻹򵥣翴ǴĶ˾պǸ߸Ȼֺ°ԵѾˡ
ô֪?κʵ
ûгĻӦòģôֵģΪˣΪˣȻֱ뺷ȻҲֲˣչգ˾պվҡͷԵø̾

˱ˣ˾պ㣬̰Ҳûзִ磬ðҫⳡᣬʲôĿôڣȵհǿȷԺٰᣬǸôڿһЦǰδסһɫ˾պ㣬ʵ
@#%&amp;#%@**%@#ǿֲǯ£˾պ㻹˵ʲô˻Ӳ˰쾡һЩ
شɣ
棬ܲλðһԻӰƮȻϹ溵ߣ˾պһĻƴƺҪܲϹ溵ߡ
ϸ˼һ룬ʱŭͷһ˫ǰһУ˾պұס˾պĲƴסؽڲ࣬ưס˾պĺԣһȽ̿ʲ˾պ˲ҪĸоƲͣŵ档
ϹһҪȥֹȴܲסģǾô棬ʲô£
Ϲ溵˵ͷ˾պ־̬Լεҧгݣ˵ø֣ôȤζԣ΢΢һЦҶ³ȥϵˡ
ڿҲ޿κεĶͷҲ˾պܲʵ֪˾պĿģ
ʵҪħǸҪǼ̫үӲҪҲֻˣܲѺȿ裬ڻص
ǣԭˣ㻹ǿڿϸһƺ뵽ʲôűǯƼҪȥ˾պ㣬ҡͷЦ
Ǳôڿʵ
û˵һӦˣܲѴ˸Ƿ˯ûصƺһֽҪ˯ŵơ
ڿ˵ͷʱҫ֮ڣϽʲһ˾պθһҫǺʵڸ컯֮£˷绯ɣ
ǣϰ߾ͺãӦûоܾɣڿ΢Цʵ
ţһ껣ԼϰգԼֵܽãҫһ裬һڣζ˵
ո£ڿһܲ˲侪ѣͬʱҫ˰ҫһڵôңʲôô㹻ԽԽ֣ô
ڿܲѶһۣüЦͬ˵ûʲôõģӦ˵Ƿǳã

ƻʱ֣ϻԷ֮⣬ŮڻжŮǱã˴Լò֮ѡü֮ĸоΪƣֵܽһ㣬ȥϵƶȡ
磬ǰǸ״˴͸ҫϻԷˣһͷַָǰĺլۡڵ
״˺ʶϻԷĹģҲ˶٣һסݳأΪ׵ӵȻһЦڻص
˵׻ˣƺҲǳҫģһĸϷŮӣ˵
Ϊʲôأҵ׸ˣһÿɰĶ̷Ůί˵
ûµģ״ѾҴкˣʹǣһͷ췢һɢɭѪ꣬ŮԴ˵
磬ƭŶŮգգһ˫ˮĴۣ˵
ʲôʱƭ㣡췢صǣ΢Цݣȥһ崺ĸоֻģ́ͷ֮󣬱ʱޱȣûһ˿ıڣת֮죬˺ޱȡ
ϻԷǰǰһǰ˵òʱʧɫҪ¹֮ʱȴֱһᾢסΪ׵ӣ΢΢һЦڵˣȥͨɣ
˸æʩ񣬿ڵͨ˵ˣֻҪλǰͨλӣͥ԰֮оٰ죬С˸Ǵ·
ӵ˵ͷ˴Ůͥ԰֮Уǰľǳϣⳡỹ湻ֵģֵеɵۡ


ʮ ֵܣһ֣
˾պͨĿһʯӣ˴֮ŭĿԲ죬ȫû˹ļֱѱĽǾϾһʱ仹ֲʤ
ֱܲ˯һϣԵϹ糺죬һ˿ľʱдʣȴǲͣܲʳܲѵ춼ҪˣϹҲûͣ¡
СƸƺʲô磬ŮϲһŰʣִһƺָһָ̧ű˴ƿڴֻǵĴͷʵʲô
ָڿƺСʲô鲢ïʱʱĿЦüɫģһĸоֻǶڽｻ̸ģʵڲҹά
һãȻĿŻԺеˮˮеҶƺżεǣסоôĺžƣˮ档
װ䣬޻£ɴ棬ʱһų֮ǰʱʱĻͷҫ÷򣬶žˣæͷ­һᣬ̧ͷȥôһֱظѭš
ʳİҫסӣͣҡȥǲͣĴʲôŭڵģҫɱһ㣬ҫʳ˵ûͲ˻û֪˵ʲô
磬ͻȻ£ҪȻذɣǺַӿǰֵĳӲһڿˮڵ
ʲôҾú˼ղأ̷ŮЦеÿڵ
췢Ӷһۣǰ΢Цҡͷߵ˵ͷøɿһһԣͻȻڳ˵öߣͣ˸Ե飬ŤͷŮ
ҫǰˣһᣬúһڣͷһӿƤһһǸ߸߹𼸺ѾＫ޵˲ָԭеʳ˲ȫ븹Уһп˶ɵˣʳѾǷ켫ĵز
գǱǵֵܽðɣҫǰЦ
ţһ°ɣλҵĴ磬ָ׾֣ͬʱҲħʮ˾ŵһ׵۾ųǫһЦߵҫ
һᣡ׾Цеơ
һᣡҫա
ƽӴһ˲䣬һȻӿ֣ѪԽԽ죬Խʢ
ʶķֿƣҫһãȻ׾΢Цͣ߹ҫߣŸȥʶġ
ҫλҶ磬Ѫӥħʮ˾ŵڶšųտ˵ǰһͷ췢ɫ۵ӡ
ɭϻһɵѪ֮ɱ¾֮⣬˾ոɱƵãѪζʮ㣬ıҲޱȣûж˵ʲôŰҫ˵ͷкˡ
ˣԴ߽ԺҲûټһųľޱģܱЩòȻ̬ҪĸʵڣҫҲʲôһЦ֮ȭʩ
ٴεͷǰҫԹԵ˾պΣҲϹˣС΢ãƺڵȴѵһ㡣
λҵ㣬ҽɡױҽ֮ߣݶΪģհ뿪Цʽ˵
ױסǰԵýοˣӢʮ㣬һˬĸоȻڲŸϾԲӡ
ױûĹ˰һۣǰһϸĶ˰ҫһ󣬿ЦϹ˵ʲôҿûôֻ͡ҪһڣҾܸһеģܸʶҫ
ҫȭ
ױȻһЦӰҫʲôֱ߹ȥǸŵ콾ˣÿ˶ԼཻϤˣŮȻҲֻиŮйͬˡ
ĸ磬Ʈ飬ħʮ˾ŵھųһַҫǰױĸϸǰҼ˸飬Ͳûˡ
ĺ񰡣ƮһϸŰҫһ߻дʣǿ񣬿İҫֱëûܵ˱ôȫĸо
Ʈ֣ˣҫ΢յıȭһҪֹƮεľٶ
ɰƮƺӦûô죬ʼձ㶵ı飬ʵðҫжޣڰƮֵʱȴס󲱾ӲĸˣߵʱƮ黹һֱ߶ţĺ񰡣
һλҵãһǡ㣡ֵܽУߣǿãһֺõĿܵ
ߵһ輰Ů˷ۣƲƲ죬Ӱ߾ʱݺݵšһѣ۵İһȴʼձŲӲӵЦݣȥͺǳԼƵģǿջЦ
ҫŶóкܶأҫǰĪһ䡣
ҫһ㶣漴΢Цôģ
ûʵĻҲǽҿǽĿģӦʲô޷⣬ҪɣҲһ£ǲҪħһЩ°΢Ц˵
ʱҫڰŵ콾ǣȫ͵Ŀ㣬Ϊոհ˵Ŀǣ˰ҫ
ҫԼ԰ʱ򣬾ʵվƵģиеΪȤЦûֻһЩ޹شŵ飬ȫǳҵĺģʲôҪ£
ǲҪ£ûϵӣʲôµȻеʱģЦݣĴ֮УȻҫΪƵǺԺ֪ڡŮʣֵ
ҫŰģʱˣԭһԼôˣǸŮȤζҫߣļ򣬿ڵҫ֣òɣ۲ǣǲأ
ţóֻҲûʲôǣĳЩ˱ʲôҫʼ磬Ц
˭˱պʵ
һİҫ΢Цҡͷ̧ͷգ뵽˼֮УǵٻӰžգǷʸ־İ
ͬһҹҫ󣬻ⷽĸۡĺ᷿ڣһȫںɫڵˣڸĺŲɼ˵Ľס
һƿĺУüڵߣѾ¼ҵ껸ҩˣͲҪ˰ɣ
һֱȽףҫûеô򵥣ƾ껵ҩӮҫʵ˵ǳ˵ΡֻмҸлᣡ˿˵ͳĲȻڸǹˡ
ĺҷ˵ͷ뻳УͬʱԴԥĳɵߣܳɹô
ܲܳɹǣֻҪԼ¾ˣĶôʵ
ţѾ׵Ҽһ׼򣡡ĺ׵˵ͷص
ã³֮󣬽ҩٲģжһҪСģԲʧ򣬺Լ֪һλ֮˲ɢΣգ֮Ѳ֪ȥ
ĺȭһ֮Уٴ֣һͳɤ𣺡ģʮǰߵģգҾҪһһ³


ʮ ҩ
򸾣ħ̳е뻯ҶûԷ򸾣Գħô׾ֿŻ񿪿ʵ
˽ʱǽˣֳֻһƬǽݣ˽ɽ壬ͥĻ԰Ǳʮ˻һͿ
ӿʼ⵱еĹʵֵ󣬰ֵҲȫں˽ȥյĸȾ֮£ֵҲ൱ˣεȷǺúõķһᡣ
֮󣬰ҫǳһƱȳɵ콾ǣȻһЩҫ뽫ǣҲ֧ߣֳֻʣҫڿܲѡ˾պ㡢Լ׼ҵλֵܽãܹʮˡ
ҫ°ֵܾΪ֤һǶ򸾵ǱĿĵʲôӱϿԷ򸾾ħˣӹɣҪһЩϢ
ʮΧһţںտܣһ߳Ժȣһ̵߽ۣ۵ݣΧŰСװ򸾡
˵ֱԲԼǽƷɵĺѣ⼸췢ʵڹڷٰԺ£ϼǼȥҫټϾ澭ķ裬Ĳֹһǰ㣬ҫеԽԽࡣ
ǵûУǶûȷĳԼħˣȻҵóۺҲûзϣҲҪõλİҫ˼һ󿪿ڵ
ôأֻ˵Ѱʲôôҧһڿ΢Цʵ
ֻ֪ǵǵѣǴνӴ֮ʲôһģֻһӷô£ȫһ˺Ѱ찡ҫǩϵʳƲֵ˵
Ŷʲôˣʵ
򸾣ǲħˣ֮ǵı£ǳļᶨɲȥܾҫҧһпõ⴮һ߾׽ţһ߿ڻص
ûֿܣֻǵʶ㣬ûʲôıһֻˣܲԼĽ飬Ҳһֿԣ֪ΪΣܲ˯ʱ𽥼٣ʱԵ쳣
Ҳͬ˵ûҫȷǳ㣬ʵǱ츳ǵȸ涼ǳ֮ˣǶ뻯˵ǻȥѡҪѴȥ£콾أѡԼ콾㲻Ҫٶѡ˰ɣ㵭ȻһЦҡҡͷֱӷܲѵܲҲգ˵ͷٳ
ôȰһЩȷϵ飬ȷǶħ֮ˣżߵȨƣһѾʵˣϾҫһжħƿУͨħˣɸĸۡԼҫ⿪̶ֳȣݿ϶СˡҫĳԵʮ⴮ԻһţǼߵĲҲͬ̾
ҵļû˵Ĵڣأ׾ϸһҡҡͷԼܵʵõĴһҡͷ
ҫ´ͷβ˵һɣһڵ
ҫ˵ͷԺ˼һ飬ȥһЩ˵Լ˵ģмһԼ䵽µϣʼһֱ˵ڣṹˣֱӣһȫ̡
ȵ˵ʶƷɣ˵ֻҪǿ͸澭׾һüͷʵ
ҫȻĵ˵ͷǰֵܽǵȻһЦѾ֪ص˭ˣȻǿʲôǰһӣټϾ澭ĴڣôԷ򸾵ʵݾһĿȻˣԼĸĸô
ҫǰ˵ı飬֪ѾԷ򸾵ʵݣʵǵӣӦ֪ʲô˰ɣô򵥵㣬Ƕ˵ݣ֪ôɱ֮ɣ
ǵᣬֻǲ˵ѣֻܸ㣬ԷһٸģѷǵУ˵һĻԵҪʲôױЦص
˵澭ҲͲð׷ôഽˣôˣһҪ˯վأֹŶǶ֪˭ˣԱһЦڿܲŬŬ죬ҫһҲֻҡͷЦ
ҫϸһͻȻǸԳħ֮һѪΤòڰҫԺУԼΤǾ仰ħŵ񹦡
֪˭ˣĲõˣҫ뵽
ɫҲˣǾȻˣܺãҲܾûôˣҫ´λĴᣬǵҪŶ׾ȭ΢Ц˵ߵĵܵҲͬʩ
ҫȭһ΢ЦûⰡԺԶ߶ϲˣôĵط̫տˣסҲϰѽ
Ǻǣãˣһ£׾Ц棬Сȡһݸҫҫӹ֮󣬶һҲƴǱȭл
ˣİɣԺԳϵأƮҫǰ˵ҫֱָһһɫĿӡڰҫֱϣһ£ʧ
ҫҲûзʶһ£νһʲô֮˵ʵڵĿȥҲ죬Ҳûôĵط
ҫ˿Լֱһ۰Ʈ飬ɵƮֻ֣ͨѶá
ţҸµ飬ֻǷͨѶֻҪ㻹ţǾܻϵҲֻҪͨȥͿˣܷġƮ쳣Ľ͵Լⷽسе൱Ժ
ǾͶлƮˣҫ΢΢һЦ˱ȭ
һк֮󣬰ҫ˰ֵܣʱҲ̸ʼնһ˿˱İҫϼ䡣ⳡῪʼ֣Ҳڣʮֵĳɹ
ڰֵ֮֮ܳô̸׾ȿڣԭ״ѾȽӴˣ澭ó˵ǽǰģ
ҫǰһ˽ʵдţǽǰΪȥ״Ҫ澭еˣҫôҪôü˵
ҲһֿܵģǸ״˵һ˵ǣ׾ֵЦ
ô˵еãȻ
״Ӧǹ˼̫࣬е˷ִ磬һЩԼ鷳£ԼһЩȽ׵Ļ԰ɣ
˵״˸ѾһȷϹҫˣһ£ص
ܰɣҲûʲôǰǵǿ֮󣬰ҫֱ԰ŵ콾ǣǵʵ϶ܱȳҫȫʱһжˣ׾΢Цص
ţ
˽нԶ˴˿֮İҫкһڿܲѣס֮ҲûлԼңһҡ
ڣһһɣֱ߿ҩҵĴ껰ڵϣķһᣬ¼һΪӵĵ
˼õˣ֮ǰһ󣡡ҫҺ󣬺ܲ˼ɦɦףǸһ
Ϊأûİһۣ
˵ģһѣһûóմ֢أ˵ɣʲôҪҰæҫ˷ۣ΢Цص
ܼ򵥣ҩվĿȣһν˵



ʮ Ʒҩ鵤
ҩ߽ıر֮һ֪飬߽˭ЯƿҩԱʱ֮衣
ҩҪЧҲǶ಻ʤ˽塢̱ԪѪϴ衢ⶾֶʵȵȵȵȣһЩȽƫŵĵҩǿǡСǱҲǶĺܡ
еרҩƵһ;У¼Ϊ¼֮Ӵʵ֮ۺ񣬲֮ˣڽоһָĴڡ
ΪǶƷĵҩȴǼƷеļƷͨҩƳҩЧҪԭǿֹҩ֮ǿǹھ
ҩǿֻһ棬һ˵¼ұһЩϹűĵǶһ޶Ʒҩ޼ɵĵ
ҲΪ೬ĴڣֵĿ봹ѣеƥﻳ¼رôܲ⵽˵֮ġ
Ȼ¼ҵʵЩС֮Ҳʲôв¼ԴӴӵЩ֮û⵽һЩаĴѹֱҪҪɱֻΪᵤֻǵһҹ֮ɻ
ΪʲôΪֻҪ¼ҿҩ룬еΪ¼񾳳ͳͳڻ£뻯ĴߣĽ
Щǿȡ³һûУҲֱڽгˣ֮ûһٶЩ˼¼ҵʵĿá
Щɣ֪ǿȡѾǲܵ£ҲֻܱϥﻻҲ¼ҵͷԽԽ죬֮󣬼֮䣬ּҸǱ鲼֮ϣҩһ˵¼Ҿҩͷϴɸ档
Ϊ¼Ұѵһ껣ҲУҲУԭ¼Ϊֻѧź˵츳֮չֳҩ츳Ҳֲֻ¼ҵĳǣȫǰδνǼĺ
ҲˣΪ껵õȫ¼ҵμǲ˶ִ¼ڶּҵļ꣬ʵʲô¶øɣһָˣߵĸоŵĲŵǲˡ
ʱȴϰҫһͬðҫе㲻ˣԼ⺺ܸ껱ȣ껰Լæ˵еطõϰƵģðҫ
ʲôطܰôһϲͨҫʵ
ͨͨˣҩһ˿ƲҪҿס򣬴˵ǶʺϣҲֻľ񹦲ʺϣգ棬õϣһִСͳһööҩģһҫ͵ҫ֮Ҳǵ˵ͷʡ
Ĺ򣬵ϵʮҩģԼĵرһſҫϸһЩв˫Ŀһһ£ϵҩȫǣְڶЩҩľ۾Ƶģȫӿҩ֮ڣһգҲ໰϶ڣͨһҩģضλýзֲ
ҫϸĴҩҩߴһɿ⣬ͨͭƣĽױԲͷС״ɫװΣȥûʲôرĵطʵ޻޻ڣҫҲʲôŵ
껲ҩ֮ҫŰҫһãȻĿҩǱ㿪ʼƶҼͷŪģҩ֮ڱȽϸ߼ĻɫҸոõ֣ûüĥһ˻ʱԦסŽ
ҫ˵ͷ뿪Ц˵û뵽㻹أ
ƲƲصϻ죬˭ûˣץʱɣڣ𣬵һҪ΢һ㡣
ҫ˵ͷһţڣ漴һ˦֣𾢷γһ롮ƶױߵԲ֮ڣƶĵױɢһɫĹĻ
ҫƽ棬һߣױߵĹĻԽԽͬʱڵ¶Ҳ𽥰θߣ껵˵ͷһ֮ɫڵҵָƺû¶ȣҺýҩķ롣
ողѾôҫʵ
ֻһѣҩҩĲãһԵȫͿԵģЩȽҪҩĵ÷ֿĻָʲô΢΢ҡͷǳĵĻظ
ҫʼȻ𾴣ƽʱһұ߼ʣĳƨҩʱ򣬻㹻Ͻˣƽ״̬ȫ˵״̬⵹ðҫ߿һۡ
ҫƽ棬͸룬ŵױߵĻһһ¶ȣͬʱŻâʼԼƿ֮У̫Ҳ΢ĿǰҫֺϷȻʲô
ı˫ۣƺǵȴʱʧðҫ¶ʼձ̶ϣһ˫ۣٴδ֮ϣһСһжһ״ĳԼһɢźɫ֥ӶڵϵһСͶ룬ͬʱͺȵ¶һάס
ҫüͷһ壬ӿױߵĻâ˲ÿƥ˳ƶϵɫ˸ѤĹâҫΪͨŻâ¶ȡ
ϵ껣˵ͷакãͬʱ˫ڶÿΰڶ֮ʱһҩķС֮Уһʱ䣬껴Ӷ£ƶһߣ˫ƽ棬ͬʱʮɹӿ뵽ƶڡ
ҫüҪʱȴֹҪңͱڵĹ̶ȣʮϢ
ҫĺ˿Ȼ껶Ѿô˵ˣô͸ģҲỹԼֻܽס
ʮɹѹ£ҫʼ𽥱óԵȵ£ԼԷѹȵе㴭ǵױߵĻâȴǳһֽΪı仯
ԭյĴ𾢣ڰyؾ΢ƫעȣʼһְ̩ĸо
ˣ
ʮϢ֮˫Ŀ΢΢𣬴ҫƺżһ㣬֮ϣһһŵɫĹӶóƿƿУء
ۼյҫջʼϢӿʼ˽ɵĹĻǲС
صҫߣŰҫϢģڵƿҩרŻظĵҩ
ˣҫϰԼָǰʲôûУԼϰҲûתпԸԼĶҲų⡣
ȡһ˵ҩ֮˹ϢɹڰĹѻָͬʱ껵ҩã껿ȴ̾þ˵ĻٶȣֻͨĻҩˣ˹ת£ЧһǸ
껣㻹ûʲôҩأҫʵ
Ʒҩ鵤ǸģǸĺģ껻˻еƿڻص
ҩƷô
־ƷϴӾƷһƷƷΣһƷߣһƷַ֮Ϊ鵤浤ų鵤λƷҩЧҲ򵥣ʱߵľΪһڣڳ£ʱΪʱ껻˵
ĺҫǲмЦ
һ㶼İĺŵҩʵ߳ɲֹͲè룬﷭껵Ц
֪ˣûʤģ


ʮ ԭŴ°Ŵ
峿ҫĶ֮ͥи֣ĹսǰռҪһڣһЩ֮ǰսܵɴҲǷ׷ǰŵϯλ׻˭ҡ
ȻϯλʮɴҲһˣֳֻ൱Ľţýݣǡˡ
ȵʵ˾Ȼ󣬵һд轻ҲʱзģĶ֣ҲˣһƢ治ôá
ͥΰû뵽ǵ΢ĩҲܽʮǿ˰ɣ
˾պ㣬ٵ⣬ϴûзʤξ͸˶ϣ
Уƾ㣬𣿴ţУܣȥɣ

ãδɰ
˭ãô
Ǻǣ飬ӣҲǵĶأ㿴ڻǹһˣį
ô

УӷҪж˿飬Աһ֮𡣡
Ҵж˿飬Ϲذɣս˵ģ
㣬ֱ飬ɷҲ

ţϸ㽫Ұܵ֫飬һ˵д£
ɤŴҰҸɵôɫϵܣǿŮҲˣҪ˼ţˣôͷǰɣ
ô࣬ҰܲܰװױϣţҪؽѵ㲻ɣ
ȥģٽһԣܵһ³ǲ

ܲѣδ񣡡

ˣڸ˵Ȼں˯ŭҲ


С֣˵бǧ֮ܣûôŰ
θɣҪˣҶҽֵʸûУû˵ķݣұ죡
ǺǣҪҾʶѣҲ˵ˣ

ڿжûˣ
࣬˰ɣ
οҪսʹˣ
ţԸ

ðɣʲôҫһյĿǰ⸱棬ԭŵ콾ǣڸԼ˴˵Ķ齻ţһˣ˴֮ɱ֮Ƶģҧҡ
⵹ǰҫʼδģǸ˾պ㡢ڿΡܲѡ֡СͬʱģŸһԭ͵ˡ
ҫ˵֮󣬶Է˵аϣɫ΢ŭĿӣǵܵҫǰ˵ŭ⣬Կóԭŵ콾ǣһƽҲû°
ҫһſԷҲһһһſ˫ôжʽĶվȴһ֮ս˵˴֮ĭɣϣһʱ⶷ҲԵòˡ
ǰսΪҪһսʮˣ°ŵĽ֮սԭŻ᲻ᱻǰЩȫµİ˸ȡҪյһսˡ
ҫߵȻö˵ûһ˵ľΪǵ͹񾳺ڵģʵǿľˣǵĶ֣ȥҲʲôǵÿ˵Ϣǿƥȸе˲١
Ƿֱ˾պĶ֣ϼĶͥΰĶ֣绨¥̰ȣеĶ֣ħŵľһεĶ֣ǵףܲѵĶ֣ŵܣֵĶ֣ƳǵļͶڿĶ̷֣¡
ˣһǾǰҫĶ֣ȵĺߵĳ£ҫ΢ЦĿԷڵ~~~
ûжãѣʵҹĿ࿴һأȻߵһò˵Ǳĺ޿ֵ̧°ͣ˵Ե΢
ҫ΢һ㶣ĺΪΪƵöҩ֣Եõʮ㣬ȫû˵ֲ̿ʮ㰡
ҵʵĿ࿴ʵҴʧҫмķ̵
ĺӰ¼һַɻȷŶ֮ҲҪ˭ȣҪǸȵĻַĲզأҫҪӮȫʮ֮ڽ䳹׻ܡ
ߣΪӮ̾ͿڱСǰˣ㻹ʸ񣡡ĺЦһ˫Ŀ΢΢
ֱӰҫľٶͺǰڲ¥ʱһģһɲһǣʥ۷İҫĺеǣڣҫĺĸ߰еǳĿЦĺûǱ˴˼Ĳࡣ
ˣˣѡٰϯλ£ǿսҪսʤԷǿ˵ģǿʵжλԶˣ΢΢һЦ˵һֲֿ´ļơ
˾պ㣬űҴȹǰɣͥΰв
ҲҪ׷ҲУ˾պȻһЦȫѶԷв
һеɫһ˲䣬뵽˿ռս֮ڡ
ãһҪŶ̰ȽЦ
죡ҧгݵǶ̰ᷳ˼㡣
Ůһеɫһ˲䣬뵽˿ռս֮ڡ
УһѾһ֮ãվҪҰҵħ֮£һ֮𡣡ۿһɲı׶֮ĳԹǴ졣
仰Ѿظ˺ܶˣûʲôĻ˵ȫʶĻػĵģھһĶУ൱Ĵ̶ٿһ㣬Ҫķը
һеɫһ˲䣬뵽˿ռս֮ڡ
ţĺȻûаֵŮӻǻϧģͶ˫ȣˣ㹻ʴ˰ɣײһЦι˹֣ζʮ㡣
˵пڳϵéӣԵʺǰɣιűӣһ˵Ҫжˡ
һŭĿҪȥץΣɭȻаЦɫһ˲䱻ռսһţͬһɫ򣬽׷ռս
ô֣飬ҰҲҪ̫ܵѿŶͶ崺΢Цڵ
Ук˶أҪΪˣֺĻص
һеɫһ˲䣬뵽˿ռս֮ڡ
ڿ֣ʹһս̷·ǳڵıȭʩ˵
̷룡ڿҲͬȭʩ񣬶˿ȥԹһѵ̬ԵúѺá
һеɫһ˲䣬뵽˿ռս֮ڡ
ʮϢĹֳʣҫĺԼֳˣҫ΢΢һЦڵҼǵҵ˵һ仰ΪԼԴеڣѾһŶ
ߣҲ̫˵ɣ㵱ĻҲǵãǵ˭Դͣ˵ĺܣĺһЦбƳһ۰ҫ۶࿴Եðʮ㡣
ҫǸ߸һɫĺҲɭȻһЦͬһɫ򣬶˵һʱʧռս֮ڡ
ϰŵĴǣʽսŵϯλ˭ңǾҪ˭һˣеǰɹͨһƾʵ˵


ʮ ޶ɻʵ
ռսҫʮĺ΢Цó鵤ɣҸǸʱãҵҩȫ֮ڶ֣
ĺü֪ˣ
ǵȻ껸ʶˣ˵֪֪ҫɭȻһЦЦԵޱȡ
Ļʩҵ˼ѵ㲻ҩûˣҫеͷˣҲգԽ񣬵һ֮󣬾Խгɾ͸УҲ㳢ʲô޵ݣĺЦһóƿ
Ҫ鵤֮ʱҫһ̾Ϣ˵Ӱ˲ģģòʵĺʱһ㶣һǰӰһһʹգ֮䣬ҫѾǰͬʱץסƿ
ôҲᣬҩʱ䶼ûУǷԹԵİѵҩ£ΪһսɣȻȤģҫЦһɿĺ࣬˫ֻԵʮ㡣
ĺһֵ̿ĿŰҫߵٶȾȻ쵽˾˵ĵزԼûа취Ӧҫ˵Լᣬٶ֮£Լҩʱ䶼ûС
ʶ֮ĺʶ֮Ĳִ࣬޷ܵĵزΪѣҫⷭ츲صʵ仯ʵеھˡ
ҫΪԴ󸶳ۣĺҧͺȣ߷ѵҫӣʵڡ
漴һգƿӦ飬ɢŵɫĳ鵤Ե鶯ޱȣĺ˵һ¡
ҩ֮ĺᾢһ壬תڵĳ鵤ΪҺ̬漴뾭ǣĴ߷鵤ҩֵķӳ
ĺ˫ĿϢ֮˫Ŀһ磬ϢȺˣԵʵʣµĺʳеӢʮ㣬Ϣȫܹʱĺ֮
һ˲ӵǿʵʱֻһǾǶʱڻػһֲһ״̬˵ʱ˿̵ĺǿҫѲ֮ǰľţֻʣƣ鵤һڵΪױȵġ
ӣΪĿУǲǾʱ˿̵ʵѾȲʤȯˣҫ˿ĺ˲任΢Ц˵
һԲ֪ˣ
ĺһЦΪıѵ²ĵز˫Ȼֿ˫ĽⱩȦ߽֮ϣĺһ˦ֺХ磬ҫȥת˲ѵǰһ֮ء
޶ɻһ
ɻüޣҫһЦһֱһ˦ǰɫɻϡ飬ͬʱ˿΢ʹƣЦе˼ˣΪأ
½ֻǰϷѣ
ĺɭһЦһ𣬼ٴܶӰûľˣڰҫһ֮תŲͬʱ˫Ʒ趯Ľɻͣļ
ķɻɰΧ֮ƣҫе·⾡ޱȣʹɻ޵ðҫ޴ɶ㣬޴ɲأֻӲӲӡ
޶ɻķߣ
ۼĽɻҫ˫ۻһߣͨ˫Ƚֱ棬ŵ׻纣һҵĻֲѹƱŭϯķΧĽѱ׷׷ٻ١
ƣػԭ
УǶڰҫ˵ʽǻôûҪˣ˫ȷУͲʲôرѵ£ҫŲʲôССʲôĹ̶ʽ˵ʽááõ˳ʵʵġ
ĺһбҲգηǳֱϣպö㿪˵Ϯ˫һ˦Ȼ˦ɻֱͬķλɵĳޣ֮ƣǵص˦ҫ
޶ɻ
ҫ˫Ŀһɣ𾢷ӿֲŭλֱ壬ҫ˫ƿƲ޾Ӧ֮纣Хһ㷭ӿ𣬽ǽɻĵ͡
ƣޱߣ
ҫ䣬ֱӷѹϣֻĺԵ棬˫һϣϰ˳ɣֽɫɻϲһ˺ڵһ䣬ȥĻޱߣƿ֮ȥƲҫ
޶ɻһ
ҫüͷһҴ⣬Ӿ˵ĺһлǲСҴƷ󾢻ֹһô򵥣̧֮У漴ȻʱĺҪӲӲ
ƣɽ
һĻҫ˲㵣ĺ֮еĽɻ˰ҫĻƥǿľҫֱ۵ɻͺڰҫ֮ϡ
ĺһе֣Ǹ߸ɭȻаЦһ䣬нֿҫ䡢ȡ磬һٴκڰҫؿ֮ϣɳʮ֮Զ
һ֮£İҫ˲ֹʮ֮ԶסΣѪڲݣƲأˣһ˿Ѫʳ
ҫֲ̧ȥѪգ˸Ĵָ޵вףһأۣ̫ͣˣд˽ѵ
ߣ˻ҪòͷǺòҪѾֶʤ̣ĺˣԲ֣գذɣĺһְִѾﵽĵز
һҫˣԴڵңʤ̣ˣôģðɣһʵˣ
ҫһ𣬻ʥ˲ۣѤʽȵȵƣǿױȵϢǰһжĺ˲ʧһ㣬ҫ֮ǰûװ
ʱΧȺǴޱ˷ܵ飬ζĿˮĻеսӰܹˮĻÿһ涼Χ˲֮࣬ҫˮĻ֮£Ȼ
ߣŪ飬СӣͷҪǲͷֱ֪νȵһۿĻеĺռϷ磬˵ĿֱЦɳƵЦ˺ܲ
֪νǲŶԣǵۿǰҫʵ֮ǰȷǴһأҴĺ֮ܣ
һĳЦǵŭĿһŤǳ⣬һԴ֮󣬾ӲĽ˻ȥǰ¼ڶˣ껣¼ƴȻǲ
껴ʽĿƳһǸŭԵЦһתصĻ֮ϣ̣ơҶ¡Ϲˡ
һͬˮĻ԰ҫĺһսǻ治İҫ䣬ϾʵĺҩΪҫʵʵʵ
ռս֮ڣҫŤŤӣЦĺôʶһʵ̶أ
ĺɫһ䣬˲㹦һᵽޣ׽ʵʣѵʮ׼ӭӰҫĹơ
һӣҫˣһֻȭĺظ֮䣬ĺһѪ֮ϵȻ飬˶ȥ
У֮ڰܲ㣬Զ䣡


ʮ ֵĺ֣
ҫұǰ죬ȭձֳȭƣôվﲻһȭĺױ飬ĺѪѪҳ壬ĺɶˡ
һȭʵ޻޻ɣȴ쵽Ѿڵĺûа취Ӧգ֮ѹʮɵľ룬ĺףڰҫֲȭǰ磬׾ٵľܺ顣
ǰҫʵô»ֹʵȴ㹻ĺʱİҫ֮ǰһҪǿһ࣬ʹ˷Ѫ֢ñںˡ
ûڰҫֻʥ֮Ϊʱһֲľ񹦣ȫ޷ںϡ
Ҳ˵ñʱ򣬾񹦸޷֣ڵʱһֻͨ˵ĵز߼ˮݣ޷һá
ǣҫͻƵ֮ǿͬʱ߷£ҫѾԽ֮һںϵѾԳͬʱõĵز
ʮϾޱȵľ񹦰֮ǰһȭͿԿѾԸڵΪƽˣǰδеģδţʵΪҲûУǳôģУٵеϡˡ
ҽʱûоȫô⣬ôܣһŵĿˮĻӰʧ૵
ûʲôܵģΪǿʵôǵģûУﻹѹ׵ֶûóأһааЦݣ֮г˷ܸС
ô֪һʵ
ΪϣұȫˣûҸyһͬϣ˫Ŀ΢΢ͷҲص˵
굤֮ҫд裬ҫҲȻܣչս񹦼Ͼyؾڹн֮ѡ϶˵ãһս൱ľʡ
˴սУѷָ£⹦ǿеĽʩչ£ҫòѹ׵.
ҫ껣ؼʱ֣򣬰ҫ˴һϡ飬һУȷǺ˵Ľ껶Ҫʰ·ĵز
˰ҫôôǿֻڵΪ˵
ЩʱΪһУʵʵģսľ顢ٳķӡʽãһжʵΪߵһ棬ֻռɰˣʣµ߳ɣҪԼģ
һͳֳԵͻȻص֮䣬ŤͷһװİС
ʵԶ˵ΪֱӴռսʲô£ҲϲֵķΧ뵽Ⱥ֮УҲûʲôõģӵ⡣
ǰһǰİСƲе󷽣ŮӺݻһ֪һΪķ򸾡
λǰ򸾰ɣˣ껹ȭǳòһ񣬶Ҳͬʱȭ
ڵСһǣòùǣרĿɣİ˰֣ЦСһۣ˴һּΪοĿ⿴ˮĻĻеİҫǿʼѹĺ
ռս֮ڣĺòסΣѹƣҫһȭŵˣĲӰǿ޷ֵҪ壬ȥ˰˳ϵȣһȭֱӽϣڶпܣʵڿֲ޷
ɼʹи׵Ļ壬ĺ˵ĲᣬѪ緭ƽϢعǴһʹûڹȥĺһ˲ʧ֮󣬽ʧΪһ߽ʱĴɣˡ
ڶУ
һɤŵĺһ£ҫӰһĺҲ˲õϢæ˹壬ֻۣε׿ȥҪ֮ǰ˲٣õܵסҫĹôȻܡ
ҫĺҲһƺʽǿĻ𾢰ź˵ľศ֮£ٴκĺףǿ£ɡ
ٴкĺϼˣյѪһĹʹ̣ж԰ҫľѾеҪȴĳ嶯
뷨ոճֱ㱻ѹȥΪǸˣԼҪ䣬˵ļƻѣԱҪʹˣֻҧȥ
ɻеǣĺ֮ʣ˼δ֮ʱ΢֮䣬ҫѾ׷ϳǱɤٴ
У
ҫһתֳɵƵ˳ƺ񱩿ֲâдűȵĵһַĻ满ߣĺı֮ϣ俳ɵ֮ϡ
ĺҲ̲סˣһʹУͬʱһڵѪڶҫһ֮󣬻Ϊһ׹׿ĵϡ
԰ҫļȫԸĺ׹֮ǰʹֻҪ׷϶Է׹ʱΣ㲹һ߻ƣĺʱ״̬׶ܣɰҫ׸ַá
Ҫǣûκηĺ֮סҪһУһᱻҫ˲ɱһӹɵġ
ֹס뷨Զ׹ĺһ̤ĺصһ˲䣬ҲϣĺײĵӱԵſϢήҵĺ̾Ϣһ
ԭо͹˰
֮ڣĺ͵˼ѪѪ֮һЩĩϵĵˣյʹб˺ѾʹӲûĺȥ
ֻƤ˵ĻǾͺˣĺʱΪ빦ʹһ֮ϾͿѹɰҫ˺ֹڴˡ
֮ǰһƵҪֻҲˣǶ˵ˣʵ಻ԣǺĺģó˰ĸĺ֡
һֻƿһֵҩ˵Ʒױȳ鵤Ҫ߳࣬Ƶĺ³鵤ֵһ֣˫գҲԽкеĺְɡ
˵ſ׻ܰҫĶֻǷ֮ĺ֢Ҳ൱Ĵ󣬴󵽿ԽɷˣھͿĺûģҫƴˡ
ˣ⵽裬ƴͬھҫҵģ㲻ҺùҾ㵱汳С㣬ھ֪ʲôлڲõ
ĺƿеŰɫĵ裬ŵݺݵҧҧ֮󣬽öͬʱ£֮˫Ŀһߣʱ˾Ƶģ¶ɸֱ͸¶һּΧ
ʮϢ֮ĺٶ˫ĿһĿı̹ͻ䣬һӣҫǰ
ҫ֪ôΪ㣬ҽʵ޷дֱӷϹпܣԣձС㣬Ҫ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
Ŷ˼ʲôô


ʮ ҪĴ߷һУ
껣ҩ˰ɣ۾ܸо˶һˣƺǿأҶüˮĻʵ
˵أ껰һųĻص
Ϊ¼ҵţ껵Ȼܿĳĺ޷Ҳַ˱ĵҩٴʵҲŭԭҩԼȴƷ׸ߵҩˣʲôʵС
㻹ĵҩ󱸣Ҷ½ʵ
˵أҩ˳Գ˲˹ģ껳ص
ʲôҩôͰôԳˣۿҶ»Ҫ˵һЩʱ˵Ļ̼껣Ϲ͵͵Ҷµ½ǣæ˵
˫̣ͫ۰׺ڻңѪֻ浤ͬʱã˫ҩ߷£ŻﻹݵģֲҪĴ߷ԲΪĺܽҩӮҫҩһһҲѱˣһ͵ľϸţڵҩϵ֪ʶһָĴڡ
Ʒҩ浤ͬʱãǴƸôһƳһ۲Զôô˳ۡ
ҫȻܽСȵʹ浤ĵزСˣҲԵͷʱˣһЦ˵
ſôãҲǸúúõѹһѹˣСҲ֪ôģڼ̣ȴһʵǵ񽭺вɶõ콾һ΢곤һ֮ɫһ˿ϸ΢ɱ⣬еҪڰҫδ֮ʣĨɱһ˿
ʦ㣬Ҫΰս֮һճǣҫ뿪ħؽ֮ʱڰ·ϰ˰ɣСĴڣԻΪİʯһɭЦλ곤
¿Уҫܼƻһ£Ҳʲôǵԣһ־Ҫʬ𼣣ۼ
ڻȵţô·͵ϮɱҫʱһֱΪİСһۣͬʱǳЦһнճɼУ½֮һһ㡣
ĵòֺⲻ֪Լ쿪뷨ѾԼԼԼɶ뵽ٲĵزСϹǰ˴̸ȫΡ
ҪӺҫҪǰȣȰսһΪѹҫɣСƢͰƤˣϾҲʲôƢ
๫ֶһСÿռ䴫ڵ
޷ٸ޷Ƚһʰ΢΢һЦС֣ͻȻһ񣬷˷ۣڵˣˣɣ
ݼ״ˣĸ״ˣ
Ⱥ֮УֵܴӸ߳ԭڰ׾һ£˽ҫ¹֮ʱȴÿռֹ֮סΣͬʱĴ˵Ҫ¶Ҹ׵αװݣװʶúÿ
״ˣҫСôʵ
ҪżһǾ֪ˣĵȻһЦҲŮı飬ֱֱĿˮĻţСÿռ䴫ԼеĽš
ֵܺĬĸĶ˱һľ룬ֻ˳ţΧΧȺʶ˺ü㹻Ŀռˡ
ڶ֮ϵͷ˲֪˲û˸Ҵǵüͷǵ·ǿɲ̫ͨӵǷǳʵ̫ӵһУǿ˾еˡ
磬ҫǿֻڵΪأ㳶˳׾ֵ䣬ָˮĻ˵
ܲǿǽǾٽһӵĹرףֶ治أ׾΢ЦԴڵ
ʮĽںϵ˾ôģⲻܰƮ˫üٴ˫֮һ˵
ûʲôܵģĲܣôʵôױȻһЦص
µģֻͨѶõİɣպ˰ƮһۣԴһ˿ԹĿڵ
ϻȻĻô֪һеİƮƺûвǲõĿһνĻص
üҪǺȴֹڰɱǿ£˶ֹͣ˻ĿˮĻУҫĺĶš
ռսڣҫµĿĺʱĺѾȫ˸Ƥ׵ķ·ûѪɫһ㣬˫ͫı֮ɫ۰ͨڻңò仯֮󣬹Ī
ҫһ΢ЦôҪӮôԼǰ̶ˣ
ҵĽΣҪģӦõĵԼŶԡĺһ̧֮ĽɻΣһ㱩ӿ
ҫĺ֮䲻һɵľ룬ۼ񱩵ĽɻǶ㲻ˣҲֻӲҫһŤμתƽţպ÷סǰ񱩵ķɻ
ƣͰ
ɷزϢĹ򣬰ҫüͷ𣬴ʱɻ̶ȣ֮ǰ࣬Ƶ֮֮ͣǿҫĻŲϢĹ򣬱ѱӲĺɢ
ҫҲţһչһ˼ٷˣĺ룬ĺЦһһɻһߣʮͬķλҫƽ׷ţҪҫش
̫ΪԼ޵ҫͺһȻĺ׷еŭҫ˫Ŀһ䣬ͫĿɫĻۿɢ
ڱͫӾ֮£ܵĽɻʱû˼֣˫һᣬΪ˫ͬʱƵ쳣ңҵĻ浶â·Ҫǰһзٻն˫һʱصܲ͸磬
˫ͣ
ôﶤص˼ʱ
ĺЦһ˫һת֮£ɻĿĵҷɣһзɻһһ飬ܹ飬ʮŴ֮ĵƳ٣ϵĺڰҫϡ
޶ɻ
߻ɱޣ˦顢壬ɻһĺŰҫڰҫһĻʥ㹻ǿҲ㹻Ӳ۽ιûжκεˡ
ۿĺ·ģҫĿ絶˫۷תһǿᾢ糱ˮӿǻʵʰ̫ǳͼת֮࣬ܵĽɻȫжֲմ
Ųƣ
ǿ֮ĩ
ĺǸ߸Цһ˫۷趯ֹɣһ׶һֱҫ̫ǳͼΣһӴ̫ǳͼȫ
ʮŵɻһҫһѪɻ֮£ҫܴᣬ˫վʮ֮ԶǻĿĵۡ
ҫˣӸĺһѪˣˣĺֵϲǲһ
ɰҫȷʵһЦЦĺäĿֹֻۣһжѣ¶Ӯ˵ı飬ΪԼӮˣ׳ŮˣүеδҰ


ʮ ѪѪϱۣ
ĺ˵ȫռϷ磬ҫѱ׵ѹƣĺֻվԭزһ֮ѽҫ׻
ҫס֮һߣ˲ѹƣȥѪ֮ŤŤӣɭȻЦðɣôʼɣ
һ䣬ĺԭ뷴༥ǰһĻ˵ˣҫһ仯ֱ仯ĺʧɫʵжİֵܶˡ
׾һۣ˵ͷû˵㿴ңҿ㣬۵ľ֮ɫʱѾ˵׼ʵٵʱ򣬻ôľʧ롣
ռսڣĺǰİҫ֮òתһȫͬˣҪĿŰҫת䣬ΪҫҲҩˡ
֮ǰһӣҫ˫ĿһһԭĳͫĿת䣬˫ͫɺ֮ɫ۰ױɳѪɫ۽ɢĳɫ磬תɺ֮ɫ沿Ƥ԰죬һɷɱ¾֮쫷һϯܡ
ҫķѪ֢ˣⲻ֪֮ҫԼеΪ죬ķѪ֢Ȼ˷츲صı仯ҫһΪһڡ
Ҳ˵ҫʱľΪڣȻԺеıŰʶɱ¾־ȥҲǿ˲٣ҫǿԽѹƣԴʱڷѪ֢״̬µİҫʵѾֱ۷֮
Сӣأû¶һְʵأ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬴һָĪЦݣ˵ĪĻߵ˶ûǲˣƳһ۲ԶİֵܣЦݸʢ
ҫʩչѪ֢֮󣬰СֵϲֵڿһĻ֮һ漴˵оο֮ɫ
ҫı仯뿴һĻڰҫѪеܹɹļûʧȥǣ֤ҫѪ֮ĿϣѾﵽ˵ҵĵز
ȻҪﵽĿƣҫǲ򣬵ҲֻʱϵѣѪ֮Ͽʱǵǰϼеġ
Ѫ֢ıŰʶɱ¾ʶɲ˵ƾܿƵģϳ˰׼Ѫ֮Ŀ⣬κηǰ׼ҵˣ޷һǰ㡣
Щ˵ķѪ֢һųɾŵ˽ԻѪѪκǹĿ꣬ûʲôԱ֣֮Ϊûǵģ˰׼⣬ûܱס
׼ܱ֮סǣʵȫǿѪеܽǹɱŰɱ¾ʶѹȥȻûгĨȥѹƵܹǣӶַѪѪķӳ
ҫܽѪѪ׵Ŀƣǳ˰׼һôˣⷽǺܶ࣬һЩ޶żҲܶ࣬ΣҫȴڴС
Ҳ˵ҫǰ׼ҵˣǰСĶӣǰֵС۵ܣ⼸һֱ߶ͣСߡ
ȻʱİҫȻῼǵ㣬ֻһ£ǾǺúõ˴һµķѪ֢ҫǿеͷˣһȵľʵǲ²죬ȷõҩʵҪ˿ܡ
ҫǰҪĿ꣬ĺҲû˭ˣҲֻܹùҩĹͷ˱ƹ֣νԷ٣ָоǿѨ硣
ʱĺʵǱòУķٶȾʱըƵģҫļ¸ΣոУһֻסĲʱҪС
գ֮һ˲䣬ĺеһɼǿҵϢУʿϵļѹĺ˵ֻһֵĿŰҫ
֮ǰһ룬ҫ·˲һĺǰסڰգĺ˵Ӧת˲ڰҫС
ҩ˿ʼˣʵʼԭΣұ̫ǿˣ˲ûӦ
ҫĺǱ񣬱̹ǵĺеĺһּ˵Ŀ־УʱԵԲҫΪУʱİҫɢѾȻͬ
˵Ѫ֢ûǰİҫñһֽĻҡաͣɢһ˿糱İôѪ֢֮İҫͺñһѪգɺ졢䡢ڶ͸¶һëȻ
ͻȻ֮ת䣬ĺһʱȫûа취Ӧ˵˾Ǳҫŵò壬ܵȵĿ־뾪ʱ⣬չҵķˡ
ĺڰҫѹ£Ѿȫʧȥǣֻһ£ǾζҪҫƿأԽԶԽá
ĺʮɳ޹˫һԸ磬˫۳һȦɻɻͣһ̶ִ˫ȻӶɻת˲ǧŭΣ羪ףɨԲϰףƼ产ˡ
޶ɻ˷ɨ
ĺɵˣԼĺɱĿţϢĴҫҲԼǰԼʮɼ޹µһУҫ׵塣
ɼʹˣ⵽İҫ벽û˹ֶܣĺɵ֮˲һִ־壬ʶһ㣬ǰİҫԼȫ޷ƥС
֮ǰ˵ܵĳļ˿־뾪ʱ⣬չҵķˣڷԼķûһôʱǻĽʮĿ־뾪š
Ѿļô̫ԭһҴʱ˿̵ʵûǸˣôʹ˽ɣ
ҫһ˿˵ץסĺۣ΢΢ҽ̶ޱȣѪȪһɽҫĺӲ˺£ּʹ֮£һڣ˹ȥ
ŮӣһۣСʹ룡ҫ߶һһɣĺȻء
һӣҫȥĺͬʱ˳ȥ֮ϣĺ˺ѵ˿ѪϣϢޱȣٲȻһΣģȻڳҲʹȥ
һĺƣ̧һ㣬ǰռһɢĺ˿˲ֹѪһɿռ֮ڲͣ޸˿ڣĹصѾϣֻΪʧѪ࣬ĺɴڻ״̬
࿴˰ҫۣʱİҫڴӷѪ֢״̬лָòûб䣬֮ǰѪ֢״̬µİҫûйˡ
ֻа׼ҵֱϵѪڷѪ֢״̬±ǣΪ׼ҵļͣôҲֻǵô뷨ʱѾÿռ䴫ֹˣҲѩĺܣ
ҫϢһòָʩչռ֮̾ħ֮ǿһ뻯ߡ
ǣҫ˹֣߾Ȼһ¸æȭŪİҫе㲻ԣ򳤱ʩˣǳǾͲˡ
ҫ˿ԭԼǵһˣһӣʮŽ򲻶𣬺ȻŵϯλѾ䶨


ʮ ߳ŭʤ󡭡
֮⣬ڰҫʤ뿪ռս֮󣬰ҫˮĻµĹǣ۷׷ף̾ڶеĻڰҫһϡ
ҫ֮ʵֲ֮ʵľѣȻһò绨Ůӵֱ۸˺£֮ʵ˵ľ
Щ߷˵Ͻڰҫ˺ĺֱ۵һ̣Ҳǵһж԰ҫĽ䱸֮ԽŨ
Ȼ̬ÿ˵뷨ǲͬģ˶԰ҫִݻǴʧɫϹҶ¡ǾͲ˵ˣֱӱŵûʧɫĲޱȡ
ҫƽĺƣԼʱʱĸ֣ŮΪҫȻһѶ֮ˣʵȴǵ󣬷İҫЩ׶֮ͽҪѪҪˡ
ŮĴĳЩŮӲڴУŮӣΪӵѪȵĻʱһĳҲɱĲС
СҲ湻ݣ費ˣӲ˼һֱһ㶼ϧ񰡣һЦ
Ҳðҫе̫ˣŮϾ֣е㲻صü̾Ϣ
Ҿ״Ϊʲô֮ˣϹƽе𾪣˵
Ϊʲôͬʱʵ
Ϊĺ֮ǰ˵һ仰˵Ҫɱ磡Ϲϸһ󣬿ڵ
һ˶ĺ֮ͬ⵴Ȼ޴棬е̿ɻʱĺռϷ磬Ȼһɱģôƶİҫûɱլʺˣֻһ۰򣬻ܲӵ֣ҫѾӵˡ
ֻô룬ȴô룬Ǿǻȵڻųְ֮۷ǿߣʱǶǰѷζըˣһ߳ŭĸоҫֲֶΣֱڴ
ǻȻȲħţҲһ뻯Ĵߴڵģеľ콾̵ĶԴʵ޵ݵĸо
ο˶֪ĺνҩ֮ʵɱһвҰܣ˵޵ˣڶ鶼ˣʵŭ
ĺŭŭڰҫ棬Զ˶һ󣬶ǰеͷȻ˴㡣
һҲʲôزأŲˣֻҪϯλһȷ֮ЩɴԱͿԽ붷֮ڣʱȻҪҫÿһһһ㡣
粻溮˪Ĳٳ˫ĿĶѾصϵİҫǶ˵ⷬ飬Ȼֵܵ۾
ܣҼǵ֮ǰ˵ҫСߣô˭ɱ˭԰ɣ׾΢ЦĿϸ
ˣҲˣɭһЦ֮ɱӿ
С߳ôٵأ磬Ҫ˻ճŶǰһЦе˵ͬʱڲͣĻţڲСˣеܵˣС߰㰮ˣ
ܶ˸ļƣ֮ڣµİϯλ˷ȳֵ˾պͥΰǰüЦܻÿ֪˾պӮˡ
ػؾװ師һ㳤ûУҵȹأţƤ˰ɣ˾պǲмƳһ۶ԷϵĻҲʲô棬˵ĺܡ
ͥΰߺ޵ҧҧɶԷʵͰԼȷҲֻȥ˾պĳԹԵվһԡ
˾պۼͥΰϢģҲ̫֣Ƴһ۶Էֱҫߣͬʱһ۵˿ֻʣһ۰ĺ˶ƤڵôְɣϾŮأ
㲻֪õҩʵ˿вҵĵزҪأ˵ҸôһСѾǿˣ
ԭˣǵȷǹֲ㣡˾պ˼ĵ˵ͷڻص
ڰҫ˾պû̫ãĿɫףڿ̷£һǰһֶ൱ˡ
ڿ̷໥ȭʩ˵һϣȫܹԾıд裬˶൱н
α񣬲˰ɣ˾պǰƤЦʵ
ûаʤѣ̷ֵġ޽ȭǺˮ׼ģüζұƵмأڿ΢΢һЦڻص
ڿˣġǬ߾㾫ǿŶԣ̷·ǳǫıȭһ
ۿ˿мӣྴҫ˾պʱ˷ۣҫڻڿǲˣ񣬿ﰡǰֶҲΪҫûиڿ񽻹֣Ļ֪֣û
ڿ߿û꣬׾ôĿţ˭ûȿڣ·ʯһ㣬˿
ȭƾȣҾѧȷ˹Ŀ࿴Ĳԩľһ
ôڲˣһڣЦ
ߣҲˣָ˵ģһתߣٶڶ֮ڡ
οһ׵ıӰüüƺڽʱʲô£ԭ׶ȶ侲˾պҫѯʣνǱտڲԣ˾ʲҲ޷ֻ÷׷ʣʼ
һ֮ܲܳǰҲԣܲǸε״̬ŤŤߵҫǰҲ໰ƨһ̺˯ʱȴȭۣ̱ڵϻԲѣʤҲˡ
ҫ˾պ㡢ܲѡΡڿ񣬰ȫסԼԭеİϯλھʣǴаǿûгˡ
Ҳûãʡһ֣ʱҫ˵нǺһʶıһ˫ۣٴʱ˫ָһǵϥأһķȻ֮ɫ
Ǻǻǲ⣬Щʱһ㷴ŶԴһĵ
˵޻˵һһӮ㣬ҵţһҧгݵĻص֮Ҳ˵Ĳ죬ѧͷҲصĴ뿪
ԭ˵ʲôɾһߵĿҲû˵ֻ̾Ϣҡͷҫ˿ΧҲһȻΪһ㣬е㲻£Ϊ˻ǲģҫҲкøУȻ̫뿴ܡ
ǻ̰ȣŮ֮ڣͷɢͬо踾һǱȻŮǾһǳҵĽ֣ʤΣ˵ı֪ˣЦ̰ܻͣ
磬ݣ̰Ƚһ˶ţҧҧȥ
Ц̰ȵıӰ˹֣ڵ
Ӯˣҫǰ΢Ц
ţȻȡ˸ɣҲʵѧӮùʣãŰҫЦ
ҫ˲ͣüе㲻ãҫΪԼףеˣҫԭģһη֣ԭ仹˵ò
ʶԼϵɴѾòѾ¶˰ҫǰʱˢһ´ź쵽˲æСȡɴϣԼ֮顣
ڰҫҪ˵仺һʱһ顮СͶҲ˵ǰֻԣͶ崺Цš
֣İ֮λƺǱˣ


ʮһ ɽʢ벻֮ͣ
ʱ˿̣ǰĽʵе㲻֪룬ЩӵֵȺǶˣСƶһĴ㵡
ͶսСƶֻʵ벻ͶȻǿֵز
ֵ˪ȭƣǿ˷˼ͫĸʵǿĹ֣ʹ֮ڵΪȴԸ뻨۷Ŵƽ֣һ˵ʵ֮ǿ̾Ϊֹ
һɽһɽߣǿǿְ֣ڼͶϣ޻޼ٵģԷûгʲôƻûнҩҲûнȫʵʵʵֿտմӿʼʼձžԵƣֳѹơ
һĻķʵţֵĽڽڰˣǱͶɴĻܣʵ޷ţǺɽŵļг϶ˣҲֻ̹Ȼܣ˵ȷ޻˵
ۺƳеȴǵĺܣӦˣֵİ֮һ㣬һֱֳΪȻɫ
ѪԲѣ˫˫ȸԳһݵȭӡظϵȭӡųһֱߣ൱Ĺ죬˶ǸȻȥһϵƱζܡ
ȭӡǳӦͬһʱвŶԣҲûгɹסֵʵаȭܷͶʵ۷ˮ׼ز¶ҫа룬ǿһϵƣֿ˿Ͷû뵽ͶҲעŰҫһƵ绡սʮ㡣
졯ҫľĪ֮ڹŽսиǴʣգҪֽ̼أͶսɱǷůЦݣȥ޺ʵϾһ֡
ðҲһĸУȻֺܽҪһ˲ͬʱȭ֮ۺ¶Ҫأҫ΢΢һЦ˱ȭǫ˵
ҫֹˣ΢ĩֵһᣬֵһģͶЦеİ˰֣
Ͷ˵ҫҲǿ󣬷һƿϵףҲͲһʱһ£ųһԣȫһİϯλҲǳ䶨ˡ
ǣɽűɺƳǶ棬°ŷֱšڡɽׯս񵺡йƳǣԼҫĽš
ʱĦһƫ֮ڣԭڶǰһˮĻ˽ɽŵӺһε̾Ϣҡͷô꣬ʼձסλð
Ӻʤбҳ£Ҫ̨ϣӺߵһһ΢ЦȰοľ¾
İɣû£ʵλҲʲô£ôˣжӣʱȥһЩԼˣӺ΢΢һЦʧȥϯλһ£ֵĵҲѡ
㵹ǿÿ֪ĺƳǸʲôôûһ˾޽ǵ㷢ʵŷְסҹ˫µ˫ƶȣǰλǡ¡
еӡ󣬺ǶԵشһɣȽƫԶˣһüĿĶ̷ӣϸһ󣬿ڻصйľ̹
ŶƫƧµطҲܳ뻯ĸô»ôܳĵӣ᲻թһ߰˳߿׳üһɻ֮ɫɽׯׯī졣
֮治УܻЩûĽ֮ܳɣôϷͼֲˣûʲôϡģīߣһɽߺ˿赭˵ս񵺵
ȷſһ̸߲ʵҲǣû뵽ǵĹصðӣϰҶ룬ι»һͷأһƽƽ棬ͨͨӿҶ룬Ц_ʡ
ʲôͷͷģⶼӦõģ˵ˣҲֻðˣȻݻԵҶ˰֣е㲻˼˵
ȻŵϯλѾô֪ͨǸƳǵĳμӽʽɣӺҪίһˣľ̹΢ǸȻĿһӺ΢Цͷڻصûµģһаɣ
ǽˣ͵ˣϻǣ񣡡һԵɤڴ֮ڣͬʱüһĲ֮ɫ
ﲻӭ㣬ħҲӭ㣬ԹˣīĻһ䡣
ſڻһ֮ͣһڵĶڸǣ峤ֲ࣬ŮɰȴɤϤĺܣһˡ
īû˵ĵطǰΪȡЩԭڱһУҲλϻƣúõ㵱ǱѪˡ˳ص
Ǻܾòﲻǳڳκһ֮ڣǳ԰֮ڡ
ʱ֮εĿռ伫ͻأɢһСЯռһĿǰˡ
Ҹո˵ҪȡһУûɣ˫Ŀɫ쳣ʵ
ûȻѱʶƣҲʲô⿪ñ¶ͷĽ𷢣ԼǸǷݣЦص
ҾͺˣƾʲôǸ߸
ģûʮİգҸҵǹƥô浱ɵɭȻаЦڻصͬʱ˫Ŀһգ߶һ⣬Ļ֮ʱƫʱضɽҡʵֻĦضɽҡͬʱͣģħ
ʱص֮ǰһ̣ҫ󣬶֮ڣڰ֮ȫ볡֮󣬾ʣҫڹ㳡֮ϣǰİˣ΢Цĵ˵ͷڵˣӽտʼɱħŵİ֮һˣȸλϲˡȻû꣬պλƲĦ̨ħֱɵϯλλȥú׼ɣ
˵֮ҲͣԴĿ˰ҫһۣһ˻Ϊһ⣬ֱʣʧ١
ȥһ˲䣬˱뿪֮ʱӰд׺ƥֱҫٶȿľˣգ֮һҫͷ֮׺нֱӰҫĽࡣ
ҫεķ˷ۣҲö룬˭Լ޷ҲҳӵˣԼĿ֮¶ĺһۣȵȻڶ
ɾڰҫֻػ֮ʱһͷѪɫľӥ֮ǰѪɫӥצץסӰļȻһУȵʹʧ˲ͣ
˵ļԳᴩѪѪӥչһһ߿ӥ䣬漴ɳһɢΡ
һĻĳڳİ˶סˣҫһĿɿڴı飬ǰѪӥɢȥ֮󣬳ǰǰֵܵ϶Ѫӥ


ʮ ҵ׵ܣҵĸ㣿
ħ֮ĵĴӣϼɱ¾֮ʢһ󱲣겻ʮˣɱȴѳǧֱ֮ɱֻҪĵˣԼԷɡ
һ֡ӥʮʽצ׺飬Ϊѵ˵ĳ֮ĹǹĪǾ澭ѪʾںϱµĲѪʾ׼溮ԵĹ֮Ȼǿĺ
Ϊ˳ĬԣԴƽһЦı飬żԼֵʱЦ̸⣬Դκ˽һ˿ЦգҪ־һʶõˣǲܵģȴһء
л֣֣ҫлˣҫȭл
üԴһ˿֮⣬Ҫ֮ʣһͱشĻȳϣߺ޵Ŀڵ׶ӣʲô˼Ҫѵҫθɣ
üͷһƣ˫ĿֱֱĶŰҫţͷҲصҺθɣ۸Ұĵܵܣ˵Һθɣ
ֳһƬž֮һƬžеһﾪǧˣžɽХһ˶һ仰ˡ
仰ûʲôɳӰ˼ǳֱףҫĵܵܣҲ˵ҫǰĵӡ
֮⣬˶֮УҫЩǣͬĲУƺȾ֪ЩĻɾڰ׿ڳϰҫһ˲䣬漴ҡͷЦ
ϹҶѾϲˣ⻰ҪǳԱ֮ڣǸ˶ȥţǳ԰ĿڣŮʵڲܲţҲˡ
ƶɵˣ긮ִѾϵֳʼչǳҵۣ֮ţΡ޳Թཻʻ㡣
Ļֻһ֮ڱ㴫ҫ󣬶ʱķƶ֮Ӱɴ򶷳Ҫ֤ʵԵĿŶȣ˵ʱҫѾҳһˡ
ܣȥų¦˵һ˹һ³档ҲǵģסǶС߽ŵĲأ׾εҡҡͷЦһԵİһЦ˵㣬תȥʣҲҡͷȻ˷ϲ֮ɫ
ڣ˵˰ҫ֮콾ǣ¶֮ɫ˼Ͷ⣬ʵ֮ǰǻɵĳɷ־Ӷ࣬ҫʵˣȻǱ㵵ĲУٿ˰ҫ
ҫԴӣҲ˵漴̾ϢһԴߵ̫Ѩһ࣬һ߶ţҰһᣬһᣡ
ü˵ͷعǰĿɿڴһݺݵһĭڵ׶ӣ¿ɿЦ˼԰
㿴ҵӣЦôһĻص
һȵʱŵøεѣηٺˣͬʱȭһ񣬿ڵȻ׶˵ףҶ֮ǰðˣ׶ҲǽѵҶˣ¾ʹգе
Ϲߵܣɵߵɣҹɭ֮ɫһУޣдһɲɿ֮ܵѵſڵһ˲䣬˱ݺݵĳض֮ڣת˲죬صڰǰ
ľ֮ɫΡΡҪǰһѹǺ˵ѹ֮£˶ʱڵأҪģȴһ֮£ԹԵı졣
Ƴһ۶ˣһƫ˺һĶʱ˰ҫҫ̫Ѩ˫üڿ˼ڤʲô
ߵܣϼһ﹫Ȼ㣬ץˣҪɱҪһ仰˵
˰ɣеǵ˴ˣҲ˵ǲᣬ͵ǳͽˣ˵Ҳûʲôˣͷһΰɡȵȣ˭磬˭ߵܣҪңҪ˵Ҫң뾲ҪҫǷǳȻĶŰһһ˵˲֮ŵ״һӦԼŶ¡
أһ㶣ŰҫԼ磬оȻһĪο뻶ϲɰҫ˲䷴֮ϸһǿЦͣ
ߵܣǴ磬ҲãҲգŸ׵Ѫӹɣ˵׵ܣҲ޷ϵʵһʱܲˣʵʵı䲻˵ģ
ѽߵܣĸ磬֪һʱԽܣ˵ǰ㣬ʵ㲻ǣҲ޷ıģȻأϣŶЩʱ˳Ȼõġ
ߵܣ㣬ǧﲻ֪˵ֻ˵Сߣڲǹµһˣиףףǣмˣʹų⣬Ҳģ
С߰㣬еܵˣҵܵܣ׼ϣ׷ĺǣ㶼ҪΪĽ㣬ν̵Ϊ˴ĵأ׼Ŷ
ǸҫǰգڸýߵˣʵڵһμʱҾرϤĸоҾüʹ㲻׵ܣҲԸΪֵܣȻԸǣٺò㲻ԸԸ㣬ȵת졣
ҫֱϵģϵ˸ŵɫĹâ׾֡ױƮ顢աһһλ䷢ԷθڰҫĶУȷ
ҫԴһθоԼԴҪըƣԺаֵܵƵƵ֣ǵĻͣڶ߻صʵ޷µ˼˻Ϊһνٶߡ
ڳ˶ˣױ˱ȥ׷ȴ׾̧סͬʱ˵Ƶ̫һռ䣬ͨģ
ױ˱˴˶һۣҲֻ̾Ϣһҡͷתһ룬ͷҧŭ̫ţҪûǵϹңҲʶĳ֣粻ʶĳ֣ǾͿѭ򽥽С߳ǣȫˣǵĴܷŹǣ
ԣܷŹףҪݺݵĳͽǲУ
ͬױˣʼеԹȫڻȵϣϾҲǶµûţǲеġ
ҫͷͳ壬ҲȥֱǰҲ֪˶ãͣʱѾ½أһƬɳԼһ޼ʵĴ󺣣ԭԼ֮ԶѾǺˡ
ҫɳ̲֮ϣεĴ󺣣Ժ׾˵ݣʱͷʹޱȣͬʱһ٬ĻصڰҫĶߡ
˵ͲҲ㶼ˣһЦҫߣͬ¡
Ļô죡ҫŴ󺣣ʵ
ңȻ°Ҳ˼ֱӻظ
Ϊʲôҫüһɻʵ
Ϊĸ㣬ֶΪأʼ磬ڵ
ҫͷĬüͷ˼ڣȻ˸ڵ˵ĶԣҲûʲôõ飬Ȼ鲻ҲûгЩҲŪײС껣лˣ
ЧͣһЦڻص
ڶҪȥ֮ʣɳ̲ʱҶˮ糱˷Ȼͷ֮ߣͺˣŶ˷ѹ


ʮ ǧޣƺħң
˿Ϯ֮ƣһɽŰҫ껵ͷѹͻأҲҵһٺˣ̼ԶͷǵķΧоյĶ
Ļɳ̲޴ɳҫ껶һۣüͷǰ󣬿ɲ£һĽ롣
үƺ˰ҫ˵̾͸˴𰸣ھ˳̲֮󣬺ˮֱٵ½ҫ껶һۣ˵ͷԾϰա
Ծ㿪Ϯ֮󣬺ͻȻˮֿͣˮ۾Ƶģҫ껶
ҫ˫Ŀһһᣬʥ˲串ǣȫȺ˲²죬һƺҵĴ۳һŭˮԺ䣬һɨ˲佫ˮɢ
ƣɽ
ҫһе֣ĸɾ䣬ҲСһyУ׼ˮȻһһֱǰ磬ˣˣֻһ㽫ǰˮɢ
ʵ
˸չֱ˵ʽˮɢͬʱżһ֮ϣҫ̧ȭü˵ǿĹ飬Ҳ۷ĸֿ֣ˮı죬ʵǲأǺηʥ
ˮǸɣüͷͻȻ뵽ʲôʱޱȡ
ʲôôҫʵ
ֹǶǻץʱ·ɣģ껶˶ǰЦ
~~~
һ֮𣬵ͳһ𣬰ҫ˲еķݺݵûһ£ƵҪѪ껸ǱŵֽѪɫץסҫȾܣŪðҫһʡ
ǱˣһԵı飬֮ȫܾͶˣŰҫһ͵ı飬껱ĲУҲûʱֻܴͣҴӦ䡣
Űҫӵ÷ɿ죬ֻǻûӳԶһӴĺӰӶͷԾס˶˵ȥ·һѹİҫǰһͷ׺ݵĶŰҫ껲ţеѪɱ¾֮쳣ԣеİͺڶ
֮ͨɫεƬǳйɵı鲼֮ϣͼӴʨĵһ࣬ͷƱһԼĳӥצԾ˫ۺñˮɭҪǣ֮£ˮʱʱƯͣ
ͷޣҫһױȵѹȸļ¸Уһλ񾳵ľһ㣬ҫ޷ƥеĸо
ȻӲǾֻƴˣҫҲҴˣооͿȻûˣ껿̾һ˿˽еİyһ˵
껣ʲôޣӰҫɦɦףһȻʵ
һ껲ûվˤڵأ۲ûԿǣǰԹĿ˰ҫһۣߵȷǲԣҲֻ̾Ϣһ͵ǧޣƺޣܷܷݵأֻǧɷǳǿߣܵУҲֻܾΪȫϣԮִɣ
ֻҪԱʱ͹ˣҵǣܸ֮ϵҫüڵ
֮ǰһӣ׾ֵڰҫĶߣðҫζҪְʱ䣬֮ǾܸϵԮ
˲ǲ̸ǵʵϰĹֻܸҫľ֮ΣҫҲòȥ
ҫս죬Ӱɶݣ˳ӿɫɫ׵ľʿǣڶһȺ֪ĺչӭͷʹ
¦ԾָͥӣѵأʵǿսúֿԼߣǲ·磬ȵƿ˾ơ
ҫѾҳһ࣬ߵ߳Ⱥӵĳ֣ӵصðƵûҸֲĶʥڵΪ
⻹ֻһڰսİϯλ֮ɹʮ㣬ҫսɱǰı֮ѹ֮ӽǧ֮
ɾǧƱһ̣ѱ֮ˣճǡȡš绨¥ĥšϼڴУЩ˶ΧԼħŵˣзϮɱŵ콾׵壬صϮɱ
˵ǰҲԣӦŲŶԣΪϮɱ콾ˣ½֮һĺƳǴͶɴҵҲͷ
һ¸Ǿ˵ĺܣ֮ǰֽʱ»δȫΪʱһж뻨˶ܣ˵ռϷ磬ȴΰѿסս֣ûûռͷҧס鲻
ʵҫңħҶڼͶһ¶ױģʱҫһʱܲסԺе붷֮󣬾ͱ΢ɢӦ˵Ͷ˺ˡ
ħеҲ˾պˣԹԵ˽ôȰҫף׼ҵֵܽڶԻȵʩæĲֺ
Ҳ˵֮ÿһעͶǲ죬ûʲôκԭ֮ͶҸӺˣҲ΢СһҵĿʼ
ۼڷͶ˲䱩Ѹײڶ֮˾պΣ߽˵սԭ˳ܲѣɺ߷Ӧ֮죬ʵ֮ǿȻһ̼佫Ͷˣ֮⡣
תһȻ߼˯ԼΧĸ֪ȴǿķ˼ڼͶ˾պζʱܲѽ䱸ʱͶȫͶȻ顣
Ͷⷬٶǵõ˵ע⣬ֵܣħʣ콾ܹʮˣͶΧÿ˵ɫͲ̫ãϼͶ͵Ϯ˶һҪɱĸо
ֻ˵ŭĿ֮£ͶʼձɵȻ̬Ҳ໰һָʱըѣɳʯ֮ʣʮӰƵɴܡ
ڣ۷壬ܹʮ˲ɷ˵һ׼˱֣Ҳҵ㾡ȫ佻ս֮ڶʱһ춯صĶս
Ͷһָʮ֣԰׼չϮ˶֮֮˿ʼҫͬʱһָһ̣ҫǣħ·˰˼һ㣬ضɽҡֹ
ķ̲ˮ࣬ӰӺд𣬴£ϰ޲ħķ̲ԳһͷǧޣȺ޹ħ½᧿Σ
Ȼ⻹ֻǸոտʼѣħŵĴҽڽճױŽڷ֮ڣڽΣҪһħ֮ȥˡ
ҫҲٴξⳡǷ֮УˣҪðҫЩִѰɣϾ֮·ܳɽ
Ȼðҫп಻˵ǰͷǧޣƺðҫ껶˳Ծ˿ͷ


ʮ սУС
ħ棬һ챬죬ҫһѪٿշ˲ֹײʮҬ֮סΣθͣ̽漴һ죬֮ǰǿҬһˮըм
ǧޣƺûǧ֮䣬ˮǧ򻯣ǸѹˮһУһмǿļܡ
ֻԴ΢΢΢ţˮۣһգ۵Ĺʮˮ۶һˮڵһըİҫ껿޵Ǳ쳣
˵аôҲԮˣò˰ĹǾ͵ó꣡ҫߣ䲢зɴܣһ߶ˮڣһ߽˵
ͷһֱԶ취˵мѭҫһˮںһ˿ĿУڻص
Ǻã·׼øϣԵĻٲλһȻĵ˵ͷصҫҲ໰ͬͷʾ⡣
֮ʱ׼һյʮɹаy𣬵಻ƥޱȣݺύһǰֱ֮ȥ
ε
껴ͷ裬Űҫٽӽηˮڽأʼղ껵ĽŲһ֣ʵ֮ǿޱȣĹʮˮڣ֮Զ
һ˫ۣһŭ𣬽º淭ӿͣˮ۳ǰǴˮֱǴ֮ʱ껵İyպ¡
һˮˮһתһԲξģʼղֺ
ţ뺣˲䱻ȥΣϣ˿ͷ˵ã־ķֶζʩչǰСƲáüϸ룬УһֻļæٳС
ֵͣһ̣˵ɫâһȡһ졢һࡢһɫݺύѸƥޱȣʯâԲˮ̷
񽣣˽뷢
ҫ껣һֱȫԸ񽣱侪˵ۿԲˮԽãҫֻٴβϡ
˫յȫעһ֮ϣ»һĿĽ⵶â˿ɵƣĺХy˳ƿ£һ磬޿ƥС
ʵ
еһʮᣬһʵ޻һ£Բˮ̳ɢˮ̱ɢһ˲䣬һŭˮڵһ껰ţԶԶɡ
ɾĵһ̣ҫҲǴﵽԼԭеĿģɹһлƻţʮ߷񽻲֮ϣ˲ƣѶֺ
ҫһеҲͣЪ߽Һһˮһ彫߳ɢֻɢ֮ʣϵǣһպñҫϣһҪش
ҫһᣬ𾢿񱩺ˣȫģ˳һ䣬ֱǸһ˲䣬һŭӰҫķ񱬷ֱ˸Դ
ƣɽ
~~~~~~~
һʹŷɳһɶԶзɽɫѪҺ˫Ŀͭˣס֮󣬴ʮʮĺŰҫţͬʱ¿ʼͣĲţԵüΪ졣
ҫüȻһƺ俪ԼϾųɹһƣʮɸߵɽܺ䴩ϲźɳһɶԶ֮ǿǷ˼
ɸģҫԼһӦ˲ˣѾվվˣʼйˡ
֮ǰһǸѹˮںɵ껵Ϣ֮󣬸ϻصս֮ϣһͣ˫ĿѪŵôʧɫŰҫʲôҪôҪôһڿ񻯰һɣӵĻᶼûУ찡
񻯣ǧ޶еؼͨѪȼգĹٶȡһ̵ʱڳɱʵһֹʱ޵ʵǿһ产˵ĵز
״̬ʧôޱشԭΣһʵᱩһ͵ˮ׼ȫʢʱڵһɶûС
һȣеŵ˰ҫۼڲͣͣ˫ͫɺޱȣ˽Ѫ֢֮ԼһǿҵΣոУȻʼü
ҫ˫һ˫Ʒ趯ƾҿ񱩣·Ҫضٻ٣һηӿѭϢǵһƬ·޾Ļ𺣣һС
ƣޱߣ
𣡡
һŭ쳹İҫ껶Ĥʹѣǿк˵ҫյĴƺɢһޱȵɷߴһɿСɽһΡ룬˫ĿһƬ죬ѾĿת䡣
һڱϢһţɫӰ˲һ˲Ѿڰҫǰһ˫Ѫɫ˫ֱֱͫĶŰҫţȻѽҫΪͷ
ҫǰӸԼ֮춼ըɷ飬ʶһĭЦǸ磬ǲʶҪʹ˰նظҿɺã
𣡡һҲ˷룬֪˵ȥģ֮צһɨҫɨɳϰ֮ԶҫմѪһɨ֮أֱɨ˰ҫ߹ǣˡ
һܿզ࣬ת˲Գ嵽ҫߣһצֽҫĻص棬Ȼһ죬ˮ˷֮ߣһʮ׵ӣҫݿУ֪
Ҫٴ׷֮ʱ껵İyˣߴ׿İy糵һ㣬ټתֱĺ󲱾
Ҳǵһμǧ޵Ŀ״ּ̬գ֮䣬ҫѾУԼʵǸϣҲֻܽеİyͶ
£Ұ޵ֱȻܸܵyƣǰһ죬һģyķɣͬʱͷһ껣һʮˮͰִˮϮ껶ȥ
ʩչԱκˮּǺţʩչҲ͵ȥ˵ˮʣĶ̼佫ɣݺݵĳ嵽֮ϡ
ȥģ浱үκ㲻ˣվ͸ү͸ƴ
ҫһŭȣעأһ𣬰ҫһĻȼգ˫Ŀɺ죬ۿ죬ȻѾ˷Ѫ֢һʵѾӵ˶㡣
ҫ˫ֺǰһţһɻŷۣһС򱶵С̫ҫģѤĿ罾
󣬳һоƣСҫ˫Ŀһɣһȣ׾Ȼ⧲֮£סˡ
ôһյ֮䣬ҫлȻһ䣬һ㣬һʵʵĺӴ֮ϣһ񱬿ֲĻ𾢽׸ǣһŷŵʯԶԶ׹䡣
ҫһ֮һģһоС֮ȥ˰ҫ߳ɵĹίʵҫľѣǵһ̣ΪΪʵ̫
𣡡
ڰҫתҪǰȥ鿴껵ʱһ޺ڰҫĲԶ𣬰ҫ˫Ŀ漴ҡͷЦ趼𣡡


ʮ ҩ޵̬
СǾ֮һҲǿһ˫ơǰһƾ
˫ƹ˼壬Ϊǰ˫ǰΪСΪСǰľǿٱֹͬҲСİٱ֮
Ʋ̸˵ҫʩչıС
СľǽŵĴ𾢽мѹڼѹͬʱڵвϵĲѹγɵһ߻򣬰һһ˫ػ𾢣Դʽ𾢣ᾢ֮£Ȼ춯ء
ҵ񹦹Բﵽ֮ʱСܹ˲ۣԶƷ򣬲ֱֱԶͬʱܷ߱ţʹ֮ʱСѧɡ
İҫʩչСʱʱķѹ켣ֱҲ˵ҫһʩչľСֻǴͨƤëˣСĳɶϡ
ȻһоСǷѣǺƺϣҲһôûУ´ҫǰʱԭ׵ķɫһĽɫεɫƬٵ˽˳֮࣬ãɢһֵĽζ
ǲͣԼɼǵĹκпԿҫ˺ҲСȥ˻˵ҫʵǣûиʲôơ
Ҫʲôޣܹһͷǧ˵̶ֳȣҪǴ˳ҫͷԺϱˡ
ǧޣǳ񾳲֮ƥеǧޣҫֻڵľˣȴƵ񻯣ͬʱվվȣ㹻ҫԿһӵˡ
ɼʹҫ˵أҲòһʵǾǰͷƺˣҫģǺļҪγѪ˫ͫܿһôѰҫƤ븹С
ðɣֻĵز߹Ƕûϣദ˺ѣ嵽ң״ֻ̬ȫʢʱڵҡʲôõĽôҫͷЦ
֮ǰԼ֮󣬲ŽеķȻ֣ҲֻҫصĹֻ̥ܵƣҪɱ񾳣һºɨ֮ʱѱɨһ̲ˡ
ϵͳ⵽ʥµвһҺԼʹҩͬʱʹãֻǻһĸöѣ֢״ͷΡġ˯֫ĽʹڰҫԺС
ˣˣЩʲôðȥܣʲôܹʱսĶȫϰɣҫһڣҲȫָʾʹ˷ܼԺ֮󣬰һıע䵽ҫڡ
Щҩע֮󣬰ҫ˲еһƮƮĸо۵߹һӲʹоĺܡԺһֱ˵˷ܸУҺΧＫУŷѪ֢ɢȥǹɱ־ɱżҪƻ
𣡡
һ˻𣬰ҫͻ쳣еһ˿в֮⣬ԽѪԼ
ǾͲͣȻܿԣΣյֱʱҪ߳ٱֹҫʹֱƵУ漴һţŰҫ˶
ʱİҫǶҩĴ߷£Ӧ쳣˶УٶҲûж죬ӿֻҲ㹻ԱˣŲƣоյıܿɡ
һ˸գӴɽĳ˸ӣֻ֮ϵεɫƬȻһܵĺˮˮߣҫȥ
ˮ꣬ƵͣƼ죬ҫֲҴ⣬˫һȦԲǳͼ˲ۣת֮࣬ǿᾢдˮ߾ƫԭеķλ
ҫһŲж˾ųɵˮ߹ֻʣһˮ׶һ䴩˰ҫǰѪɽ
ҫ͵ؿȳһѪ˲ͣаûиͷǴ˼ѪˣҩĶˣܸоģǿ񻯣һֽԼԭʵӳģ
ʵҫ껶еСνǧˣҫ룬ǰͷǴڿ̬ΪĿ̬仯Ĳֻ˫ĿɫԼĴСѡ
ǧ޽̬ʱϻһǳı仯ͬʱήһķܣעعʱ
ڹͬʱֶηûʲôɣԵúǵһΪǴѾھԵķ״̬߱Ĺϣ仯ˣһܷ顣
Ҳǧ޵֮һǧ֮䣬ԼǧϵޣսʱսʱȫǴֲ̬ͬΪ˱ܲһЩҪĵط
սʱС˵СԻǷǳӴģܼģսʱͱӴ󣬽ܳױ
֮תһ˵С仯Խôͷ޵ʵԽǿҲԽߣ֪ǱħԳԼ׽սʱñɽϾʱñȲ⵱еı仯жʵжǿˡ
ԹʱҫԵģǴս̬ƺȻ֮ǰһоСҲȷʵ˲С˺ڲ˺޵ĺܡ
Ҳ˵⣬ڣƤˣƺˮˢһ֮󣬾͸ûܹƵģָ
һڰҫˮ˷֮ʣֻգ֮ڱɵʵİҫƿڴˣƤͻָһˣ̵Ĳƽò˻ˣ
Ȼ룬ҫ˷ܼӰȻܳ嶯Ҳܱ꣬ǸеǻܿסԼΪóȻ֡
ֻǰҫɲȣֱӲȡ͹Űҫͷġץɨúˮ䣬ʹҫ˷ܼҲıͷܣǱ
ʱж೤߰˷ҵʱ䣬ƽµʱʱļ죬͸оʱţɴʱ˿̵İ㣬԰ҫ˵Ƕĳ
ҫ˷ܼʹЧÿʼ𽥵ļˣ½ļΪأֱӵƶٶȵ轵ˮںڰҫ֮ϣҫɽһƬСУǶһžʯ֮ϡ
ͷһ𣬲Զĺˮ·ӵдһ㣬ǣɳʮˮѹˮǹһ㣬ҫȥ
Ƕھʯϵİҫ˫Ŀ飬ûʲôһ㣬ԵúǴͣѾʯ֮˫ͷ­£ǰ㣬ƼΪ졣
ǰʮˮϮҫŲһᣬһˮŲ̤ˮĲҫٶһַ˼ĵزɢһַǳرƣܵһжµķ֮ڣ·ûκιܹ
Ȼ⻹ֻһʼˣҫ״̬˼޾ȫһֱȥ£ϵȻû˲ȬȴٶķκεӰ񣬶廹ûʹ״̬˵ȫ۷塣
ص״̬Ǳҫûؾ֮󣬱ɱռؼɱһʽ


ʮ ɱһʽ֣а
ɱһʽɱǵռؼⲻһʽҲʲôķɣһֺ״̬״̬£Ǳܽᱻ׵ļڽɱһʽ״̬֮˽ᴦһּǿ״̬
ʶﵽδ֪ĳ̶ȣϼʹ񾭱ѹƵͣĸܷٶȡ񾭡սʶһĿĵز
ȻҲҪܳɹɱһʽŻӵеЧǾǱ֮ˣΪɱһʽǰ׼ǣҪԼǻһ֮䡣
ֻٷľʱɱһʽŻҷļҲֻаٷ֮ʮѣҲһһļʣֻҪܳɹɱɱ˵ȫٻµġ
˵ʱ˿̴ɱһʽ״̬µİҫɱعˮϮ֮ɱֹƣϰֱԴͬʱţһ棬һ죬ҫӰ˲ʧǰһѾͷ
һѸײڶ֮ƿͷһȥðǣͷ֮ʱͲ˰ҫӰΪҫѾ˲Ƶǰһ˳ƺǿҵƾһʹС
ŭȻͷ̧˫Ȼأһգʯһ˲䣬ҫѾֵĲŲǿᾢ⧲µڰҫǣ֮£׷ϰա
ձ׷Ͽյһ˲䣬ҫһ䣬˫ְֱָ˵ɫâ֮ϣʹҽУҫ˳ƶ죬˲ƵĲƸҪ£һУһҫɳ֮Զ
ҫ׹֮ڵϻһĿĵİۣס֮±һƬȻһѪЦðɣɱһʽˣҲߵûź
ҫ־΢΢һЦ漴˫ۣڱ֮ǰһ̣𣬳ԼצѪڵٲȻһҪԼƤʬĸоҲԼνǱ˵ǣȻҪԼʬΡ
СߣĪţˣܿˣǾͺãһԵڰҫĶߣҫ˶üë˫ۣʱסˡ
ƺû˳£Ϊͷ­һŲ̤ڵϣֶãԼǰ׾˫ָ׶ıӰһĪİȫС
׾֡ױƮ顢㣬һ׷ڰҫǰޱȣػ󣬰˹껵ϢҫҪʱ̸еԮ
Ǹˣ
ҫɦɦͷҲ֪ôк˫ۿǰ˵ʱôһ˲ҪֵܣЦȤ˵ڵǷǻǹȥҲֻô֧֧ô仰
ԼֵܣʲôͲ͵ģ֮ǰһֱϾСһ˶һͷǧޣأױȻһЦҫ߰׶£óҫĨȥϵգԹذ֮⡣
ҫһεĿһ鶯ЦЦ˵ͷʾ޷ױҫľ̬һֳЦȺúõϢｻǰɣ
ҫ˵ͷȶ˹Ϣͬʱ˫ĿһգգĶǰˡǿԼʶʶħУ֮ڣǰһ֮Уǿ˵ǿʲôزˡ
ױص׾ֵߣҲͬչأѾϢǱѹƵܣƿѹƣ˿֮ԶŰŭĿӣз˻֮
ôʼɣÿ˳һо͹ˣС߿أŶ׾ְ뿪ЦƵ˵ҲǵȻһЦ
ڰ׾ֻ֮ʣЦһͬʱĿһ֮ʱ˫ͫתɺ֮ɫ۰׳ֳ֮ɫƤְ֮ɫϵ΢΢͹֮ǿƥ
ǹɭȻӿɷ֮Լޱȵɱ¾֮⣬ŭοһ㣬˵֮ϱӿһʱ΢ͻ۹ĵԵ쳣ᡣ
ҫǰ˵ľƣԼò仯̬ǰ˵ȷԼѪԵϵΪ˸һǷѪ֢ӵߣһǿԿص֡
׾ִͷǰһΧʱһŤһ˲䣬׾ֵӰѾǰ
ģǳ񾳵Ϊأҫһ죬û׾־ȻľΪ
׾ֵȻһЦ漴̧һָһָƻȴȫӦ޷ܣһɫ춯İҫĤʹޱȣֱͷʹ֮࣬Ӵˡ
ָݣ
׾һָ֮󣬰˲𣬻һӴѪɫӥǰѪӥչһһĨŹĻ׷Ϸ˵һ˫Ѫɫӥצ趯ֲצٵѪɣҲ̶á
ӥʮʽѪɣ
磬ôأǻô氡ƮӰǳͻأĳڰ󣬿İҫˣǰߵǿ쵽˲ƵĵزˣΪԼûпԷ켣Ĵڡ
ƮƤЦһڰûĺһۣƮæЦһĿҺԾ֮󣬴һһ߻ء
Ʈգۼٴ׷˳һȺһɺ˵ķѹһɽĳ徢һɿ籩һƥĻ𾢣һİֻһȣȴֽ߳Ȼͬ⾳ίʵš
׷ʮһȣ硢ˡ硢񡢻ڣһɣ
һȵľжֲ˺ѷΰĲҺͿĲҺֻǸոտʼˣٻӰһһױ崺Цݽϡ
ױһ˫ƣݺύ۵糸羪κˣһһʰױȫҪƵģͣƺƾд֮ǶϾۡ
һԷȭȻ׶֮ȭдű֮񱩵󣬽Ӻȭӡݲͣ
ƣ
ȭ󣡡
Ůּлһȭһƿ䲻ֹڶĲҺֱ棬һߴʮ׿ĳ֮󣬶ŮųأϵĳһĿɿڴİҫаЦֹ
˻ҳֵĻôƲƲ죬תŰ׾ʼ磬һε˵
磬Сģڰתһ̣ԭȻ˶ҫҲʶѿڶûнаյ֣硣
һУ˶ˣĿ⼯ۼҫϣһӣϳֶ˵΢ЦյЦֳɽָͷҲصķһ磬糱ʵ޻ȴŲɵִİݺɳ֮Զ׹뺣ƽ档
һֽһкǧ磡
һָɣһĻҫ˫ͫһеĸоܵĺвų񾳵֮ôյΪͲԶˣ˸һУǿûһ˿ķ֮켸Ĺ򣬱ѲҰճ
ҫոսʲôһ΢ЦĿŰҫʵ
ҫƲƲ죬һڣ漴üЦǰ˱ȭһͬʱڵҫ밲ˣ


ʮ ű֣еĺӰ
Ħƫηңħ̳֮أƫ۵϶Χ˸ˮй֮ͨ⣬ĵطȷһ
̫ϳϣõλѾȫִصλϣҲȫϻأڵʮִµ˾λһڶűɳȥľˣʱ޷ء
ʮ˾еĵššھžѾȫϣڰķĽǽзλųȫٸ»㱨ϡһ۵Ӱһ۵󣬵ͷȭ˵
ţԸȥûҵѶţ˰˭ɽٲ֮ڣΥ߹洦ãߵ˵ͷڻص
۵ӹֳǣ´ȻƲϣǾʮ㣬һ̬ӵˣһֵ¸صĸо
壬ȲҪֳһȥסƣٽŵʮ˾ţƽɵΧ˵סԵϵľƣﲻˣλھˣ˶ȥԼ°ɣһ΢ͳִʮɤڽߵĶ
쳣ıȭͷ֮ͣҲ໰λΪɫ㻺ɢһɢөһܷȥ
ƫİٲ֮⣬ɽ˺ǿϢէ֣ķΧ֮ƣΪЩ뻮һɫףԼһѪʿԿЩ˾Բʲôͨľʿͽȫѵǡ
ֳй֮࣬жʮ񾳵ߣЩǿֲϢжϳЩħڰ׼ҶλȨ֮
ɫԾȺ̤ն֮еľʿԼеȫƳˮһȴֻһӵʱ䣬ֳ˴ųȻϺڰ׾ˣԼнɫɵĽ⣬Ѿûκ˵Ĵڡ
Ŵз󣡡


ڣʱֻ֮ʣСˣǰѸԻصԼڣΪ֮һʱȺյűϮġ
ΧħİŰ˵ͬһʱܵķ֣ÿ춼ͷǧϵ⻹ֹͬʱֵĻͬ뻯ߡ
Щ뻯߾ǽβμӰսʮĸ֮һҲ˵ħŰ˵ʮɼѱ֮ħűֵͷѾﵽʮֻǧޣԼʮ뻯ͬʱֵίʵ
ħΣƵˣʼٸߣĻ֣ǰСǰҪȡĵħ֮λȴܴɵһˡ
ֶΣƾЩ˯ûа
ĳЦһƺħ᧿ΣľȫģҲ֪ƾ֣ǹ򶨣мвУ֮ĸСʼնԵüΪһгģ
ȻܣʵһĻĶ֣οлڣֻƾĻĸȻһЦ࿴һС
˵ʵڵģСĳе֮⣬鱨ѶϢУԷѾսʮ꣬ͻĳ֣˵Ӱ쵽ò׽ơ
ļСɲʲôѰŮӣʵ֮ǿĽȻҪʤһԳƵϵ£Ů֮еǿһˣӹɡ
תһ룬Լеĺ֣ǿľ춯صĴڣԼ治̫Է򸾶٣ȻôƾԼҲĲ
ôܽеģ
СƳһҲǣŤͷŰµ˵СָСѾӵҫˣҫʵ治ȻǧôãǱ㵱ضأҺúʵԲ֮µģ
ȻĶƽӹ֮΢ЦͷЦݺºο
ŶСҵôǿϲɺذƤЦⲻЦЦ֮дһֻ˼
ţˣ˻ûأɴ࣬վ³ɺ޸һιˣɭһЦ˫ĿֱĶţ֮ɱʮ㣬ʧҫǼ¸Ѳ˸ϵ
ģȻҸȻƾҲһˡ˫Ŀ΢΢һ޿ֵģ˿ĵвڡ
ŶǾƣҼʶʶʲôƾֺ޿ֵģһЦ
ڰĻ֮ʣСǳü쳣£зһһееŵĶǴɭЦݣʵ㲻ôܲ߷ЩҵôЩأҲҵģ
ʲô˼˫Ŀ񺮹磬ƱԽͻأһֺܲõĸо
ŪĽƿڶߣһơ
𣡡
հڳƲãĦⷽľ֮ϣ֮һǧɣףӴĺӰУ漴һ춯ص֮
һ𣬺ħضɽҡ󷭸һɷ·ɽĿֲѹħеֻҪΪ񾳵ģͷѣͷĿѣͻѹĿ಻ԣѹ֮ǿ֮㣬ίʵš
ŤͷһüͷСߵ˵ͷ˫ۣеĻ洫ģͬʱǾ֮ϣ֮еȻͬʱü֮˫Ŀ
˵ʮ겻¶棬ôôе꣬ԭôһôģΪҵλãԸаĹ㻹óȥĵȻһЦǲм˵
ʱеˣĲ֪ܲϵǸʲôҸոСĶȻۼǸȴɱǷݴݲȣôֻ֤¡
ҪôŲƾҪôǰĵʵѾﵽǸĴڡһ㹻ĻŲˣͬʱڰ֪ԼаۣͬҲǾȵĺܡ
аĹΣľܣаҵʵҲԽаݻֶΪأοʲôлóȥκ¶̵ֻģôҪʲôĽҪһı飬٩٩̸
ţ˵Ҳ޵ôھǰ죬֮µĽɣķǳͬ΢Цͷͬʱ𽥱׶ڻµһ˲䣬һתʧ١
ͫ΢һΣУǰС΢ЦĿڵҾиԺܺõľơ
ʲô˼
鷳㷭뷭ʲôͶ


ʮ һԣƣ뷴һ⣡
֮ϣ֮УǰȻﻹǴûˡ
һ˫ͫ˻ҪıңһͷīƬ˲վԵӵޱȵͷ­κ˿һ۶
¹ǡͷţۡƮǳǧɵӥצβֻҪǽеߣֻҪһۣ϶ϳǰͷﵽǺޡ
Ϲʮ֮һһԣƣ
۾һգգĿҲҲͬŴ۵ŰģβĲ˼飬һֻϵϻϻҲͬΪĶϡ
ȥܱŤôоĻᱻһɳʮǧ֮⣬ȻҲֻӾйϣŻ뷨ҪѹĻǰĻ治϶١
Ҳڰ֮һʱͷųԼѹʹòȫӦԣħѹˣҪѻɽˣĵҲûħϵĽѡ
ոǹѹô£ʲôôҫͷ죬һƵ˵
֮ǰѹĽ£Ѫתü仺ѹ֣һϢĸоߵǶˣڰ׾֮ӳ£ԼҲûʲô󰭣״̬ȫָ
ӦǸ״ˣʲô˰ɣĴио˸״˵ѹȫͷţƮһգص
ĸ磬ûпռԼôҫʵ
ȻѾǰĸǣôƺȻҪģ԰ҫԴڵԸҲȥ黳Щֵĺѣһ㵹ֻ˰׼ֵܡ
Ǿ°ҫǻʲôңŲֽţڿԼ׵ˡ
Ʈ鱻ҫһĸеƮƮȻüЦĻصǸ״ÿռ֮ȥΣĻڿռԼϵĸң뻯Ŀռ֮⣬κεʽûа취жϱ˴֮ϵġ
ҫ˵ͷ漴еĿƮ飬ڵĸ磬ѲѧԽô
ѧ׵ģֻĵȽ϶࣬ǧַ֮࣬ÿһַֻ֮вͬĹЧһʱҲѧᣬǰľƽϢ֮ҺúõĽ㣡Ʈ΢Цص
ҫ˵ͷȭллĸˣ
Ʈ˰֣ڻصѽĸһʲôԺʲôһ仰飬ĸ綼ƽˣ
ҫ΢Цĵ˵ͷܵλۼƮ׽Ҳܲζ׷Χҫ꺮ůÿ˶Ƿĵ˵ҪհҫĻһʱܳİҫҲܸͬܵѪԵ׵Ĺذ
˰ôĹػСӿ͵ˣǰ˳֣ȿֺҪȥչ˰ҫһĽҫߣЦ
ûֵܽôҫʵ껵Ľеɻ
ңţҲɣֻҵֵܽڷأЦһֱĿǰڻص
ҫĬһʼ磬һνĿڵôӲôοڣ˭ҪҾҪ
һ죬ŹŹֵҫҫĻﲻ˵˵˵ģȫǷģǺܲĿʵҫǲʶûðɣ
ΣǲȹƣܣζͶ˵ֻ㹻ΪֵˣΪֵվ̨Ҳİҫ˫ֻ˷ۣƤЦ˵
ƳƳ죬ÿɷһЦİҫļչһԲڰҫѾƽϢԼλǵĻʷ֮һа˿ʼҫǣﻹһ֮սڵǡ
һ·ϣҫԼĸ֪ˣħľƣԭԼߺ󣬷ħַѵ¼Ǵҫ֮⡣
ҲѹԼĸҪϰĲܸԮͻķҾ棬ȻҪָӣ͸񾳸ֵľˣڰеҫܸеǷݽ̬ˡ
ʱľ棬ڰ׼ֵ֮ܰҲŤתһЩƣӴЩ߸ոձ֮ʱеʧ⣬ڽڵһڶţԼħ׼ҵĸǸϵ֧Ԯ֮󣬾Ҳȶ
ҫǧƺѱˣϷĺѾκεѹֻĺߣҲֻͬǧ֣һ㵹ǻûźȥӦԡ
ҫ֪ǰ֮üϸһ󿪿ڵ磬ҫڣг񾳵ĸô
еģǶǰ׼ҵĳ߸ǣסˣߵ񾳸ֱȽ϶ģȻȥסҫǵľƣسǵ׼ǳȥֻֿǧޡ׾ϸһ󿪿ڻص
磬磬綼ǳ񾳵İɣҫתתӣй˼Լļƻʵ׾΢ãȻĵ˵ͷ
ôλ磬ǵʵԻֻǧ𣿡ҫٴʵ
˵ƺֻǧޣ߳ϵİսˣǧ꣬ﵽǧǧ֮Ļôͺ鷳ˣҲǣסǧϣΣգӹ翪ڻص
СߣôͷȥǣǧޣôһԵİ㿪գգˮĴۣ΢Цʵ
ҫ˵ͷصûôģλǰȥǣͷޣٷֱصҫڣȲҪѣҲҪ˽սǱڰУͷĿһĽɫƣʧȥָӱһɢɳҷЩɢɳߡǾƻΣ
üƲߣ԰䲻СߵļƲ߿СֻǡͷһͬҲǵһɵˡ
ȫҫļƲȥ£ͷǧޣֻǧͷѣǺúøɣͬʱҲԼ׸һؾܽʱħͽˡ
һöŮ˵Ķߣͣ½Ų׾֡˶һ۵˵ͷֱӳֱߣʣµҲ΢΢ͷٴαҫǡ
ոǸǡҫʵ
ǵװȻһЦڻص
ôҫ˵ͷͷ­΢΢£ظ߶ţˣҲûҶãȻԼܹϸǣô׸ȻҲ£ֻǣ֮ǰǱҪҫһ˵
ǾǣԭԼΣҲҪи˵УĻҫǾԲˣĵߡ
ƫ֮ڣС֮ǰԼԼļˣ˶ԼʺֻаҫһĬӦԴһ˿Ȼ
С֪๫ʲôôüʵڰ֮ǰǾ仰ԽԽ죬һ˿ǵ
֮ǰ๫һ⣬Ҳһ㻹ǵõ๫ʱʲôΪô
뻯۷壡
ôʮȥˣ๫츳ʣһֱͣͲǰô
ʲô˼
ʲô˼Լɣ
ǰĻһ䣬Եһӽǳھ֮ϣǸߴɣսһӰץͷ­һʹ


ʮ з֮ϵĴս
е㲻̫ԼһУӰʲô൱Űһֱľ磬ͨߵ֮
һζӳ£㵡ŭʼɡ־塢𺳡ʵȵȵȵȣǰٰζͷһ̵뵽С
еĵһУΪʲôԼǰ棬ΪʲôԼŬʼնҪԴӼԺΪʲôԼκ¶Ϊ£ԼѳΪŮ߸֮࣬һӣԼŪǹ룬»ع顣
ޣ죬үʼվŰģԼĴڣԼȴù˲ϣԭʮþȵľƣðӭж⣬Ĳ
ʲôСһѣŵ񣬴ʱǰĻѾ»ص˴֮ڣȻСԼ
־ܣҵǿԸ๫飬һ·ŶСһ֮ģڵ
Ǻǣ԰ôģȻ֮ȷŵңΪϹʮ֮һ˵°ĵӮҲûеôɣüͲС飬ص
СܲΪȻƲƲ죬ڻصҾ£һ๫ҪӮֻҪסƣ˳־ͺãڶż˳ֿ֣ܵá
뷨ܺãʹһܴɣǸʵǣɵڶҲԲᷢΪڣûгֵĻᣡЦصƺڳЦС쿪
⣬һȻ๫ʮͻƵ֮ƾʲôҾͺ޴أڶǣңҿɵ߳ȴ߲ôǣҰСЦеĳЦ
һ䣬ȻʧɫʶľҪȥɾʱķԼûʹռ֮ˡ
ƫ֮ڵĿռ֮Ѿ֪ںʱ׷ԼһĹԼѧʽ⣬뻯һпռ似ܣûһܵĳһľΪ൱ڷһ㣬
ʱ˿̵Ѿŵ˵亹һһðԼǴˣ׼Ļǲ֣СԼƻһ
ôˣǲǸоԼ޷ʹռ֮СǳüչģЦһڵ
ֽţһʵ
أСЦԽɭ䣬зë
ƫ֮⣬ΧŹλһɫ۵ߣԡ𡯡ľˮ𡯡һһиһѾ׷ɫΧߵ֮ϣˮһ㣬شڶ
ߵͷϣոߣϥÿһߵͬʱɢһõβԲһ
Ϸʥȸˮʥޡ䣻ľ硤ҽס׻֮ϣķ֮вͨ飬ԡ
أ죬ټϹ¥ĽΪۣѭ֮ƣ֮ѹڵһС
þǳͨ׵Ļ˵Ǿֵ˳ȥˣ棬ϵȫؼ׷ܵõ֮˵׿ϣֻ߱ʵ֮ˣ򣬱֮ⱲӶ
ǡзˣĻĴۣԯлȡڶ෬֮£ִﳬֵз£Ȼ֮
ڣ֮ǰΪʲô˵Ͷ˰ɣСȻЦ
ߣסΣ޷ʩչռ֮ҲͬܣҰҪס㣬ҲԲʲôѡĻû˵꣬סˣһ²ǰһĻһ˫ûɷɳ
ССȡԼһʵô˵ˣ˵
ǴסˣзģСǶǷӣǷӣˣ˵𣡡
Ҫסǰɣǿܲ
С΢΢һЦ˫ͫȻһ䣬ҽ˫ɫ˫ͫһ˦ʮ쫷һķѹݺһѱǶǽ֮ϣһѪȻ
һ°㲻ôðɣС˵еһаЦĿǱɭЦζʮݣԵ쳣аˡ
ⰡǴˣʲô㵽Ψ©㣬ϵд˽ѵһǽڣص棬ʼÿһ뿪Се
СϵǺȻǱ֮־ѵΪеѰŮӸȥõıһߵ˫ͷƽش
еŮõ϶Ѷ̵Ϊ֮ر϶ӵѡСѡ;ףһʲôѰķƷ
ʮ֮һ䡣رǧǰһλ뻯۷Ĵߣǳ죬ʯǧĴʯںϴķѰΣ󣬳ȡǧ֮ܣУӶ˴λʮ֮С
ܣһͨ뻯ռ֮Ĵ£ȫ֮ʱмʺһΧĿռ䣬ֿռв㡣
֮ϣƳһ·΢΢һ䣬ƺ˵ϵһУһӣҲºˣҲþУ
𣡡
һ𶯵ĺȻ֮ǿΧƲ㶼һɶӴһţſѪڣһ溮ޱȵ˪֮ǵرӿֱǰɶߵӰ
ۼǼ±˪֮ĲҴ⣬ӰͬЭ˫۷ת˫һȦ˪֮ο˫֮Уһѹ˪ֱһ壬˪ȥ
͵һڱϢצһ̧ܿռһŤ˪ᾧץУ漴צս˪飬ٴſ¶˲伱ٷɽ磬ƴ
ۼڴˣü˫ֽӡӡһɣ˫ͫתΪ֮ɫһɼ产˵֮ӿӰ帲ǣΪһףӰ˲ʵʣϱ߸ǣ죬Ե
Ԫڣףأ
ӱϿԿ˫ȻǴƴȫˣеѾﵽ˼ޣȻǲ²죬ӰһϵıױѤĿ
£ΪһкĵӰ˳һȭȭһıȥ
䣡
֮ϣһ죬춯أ޹⣬籩ɢǧ֮Զϵ˶ʶ̧ͷ죬֮ϵĴսĿʼһĪѹָУȴΨϼһĪĿȣҲѾǱҫǵİҫˡ
ʱİҫԱΪ֮ͬеĵһУƳǣͶ


ʮ רɱ죡ү
ҫǣԭķȻ޴棬еֻǲڶĺɱҺԼ洦ɼʬ֫ҫڵսǺεȵĲҡ
ҫǱУǰһУҫüͷԼ뿪ãʱѣٵҫǣôȻͳ޳仯֮и̾ͣ
ôͰ֮ǰƻǰ㣬жɣҫ֮󣬳˵
ţСߣԼҲҪСһ㣬Ȼʵ֮ҪǣмһﻹѲĺܣҪСĲǣױһ£ѵ
ҫ˵ͷ֪ΪΣԺеһˣǺƳǵļͶͶʵΣҫûʶȻܹκƵĻܡС֣ʵȻǿľˡ
㣬˵˵˭ɣҲöۣҫ֮󿪿ʵ
ʵڳڵĵжܶ࣬ǴʵзвҲ˰ˣһǽʥġ׿һǷѩɽׯġѩɻ裬һǻֵĺƳǼͶˣױһһţҫüͷһƣȻͶҲڴС
˶ܲ򵥣ΪѾﵽ۷壬ڹʽ֮˵ʵ֮ǿѾﵽԸڵһϸµĳ̶ȣеκһˣסҪǿܾܣױ˵еĹػ֮⣬ԡ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Цصİ㣬зִģҲҪС£
ٴ໥һأ㳯ŸԵķжȥһܶգۼʧӰ٣ȫհҫļƲȥ£רͷģصƣߣȡΪ㣬ߴɢ
ҫǶʱԾһֻСӣ⵽ΧзʲôɵĶУֻ֮Сӱ˱ս˵£ȴֱҧסò˶ñᱻ׼
ӳҲҲȫȫӭսɱһɱ׬ƴһˣһСӸӳۿѪҧгݵ˵
ģãоʿ׼˰벽ɱǸƬײҲҪһ汳һͷŭȵ
ʣ಻λľʿһ㷢Լı֮飬ǰɽһɱߣûǸе˿ľ֮⣬˶սеʩչԼЩչҵƴɱ
ߣ޲ɼһվһĶˣṦ֮ߣҲףۿԼԶʮԾʿԼûһΪм
Ǹֻ죿
һͻʻӷǳĵͷȥ£һüĿ㣬Ƿ꣬ͷԼ
ܣСӾȻϢĽӽңṦһߣܣһСӳƻ󡣡˫ָ䵭ȴǾĺܡ
ֻôٴʵ
Σ
Σɱѣ
껰һ֮ʣ˫ͫСɫâ籼ף缲磬һ䴩ķһʺһֱüģɫâһţգ֮䣬ѴĶ׹ڵأ˫ۣĿ
ʱǰɱȻ죬ûвӸҪ뿪ǰ¾ԾԾľųͥ漴̾Ϣһһֱ߶ȥ
𾢣ŭһ𾢣ֱ߳Ⱥģ˫һչһת纣ӿ֮ڽݶΪǰ˱ϮҺͣ
ƣػԭ
һдףһзȻ˫ָڿʣֱָâ͸ָÿһâ۾Ƶģ·䣬ÿһգ֮䶼Ữʮ˵ʺʯ֮䣬յϰ˵ݣǿķ˼
񽣣˽뷢
άֽâɢ񾫴ȫȣһָ趯Ȧ֮ǰеĺȫһһ⡣
ЩԾľʿǶˣͬǶӳ븱ӳˣǰͲȴǿĿֲǾޱȵޱȵĽâĳ֣޲оĪ
ǰɲʲôͨں֮ڣûһľʥ£ɾͱǰ꣬׹һɱ˸⣬ֻھĸ̲Ƶģһеһʵŵǲ塣
ǣǰҫһʿըգĳ࣬Ȼһ΢Цͷ
ʱҫǱҫѾȥһӣʮӣҫһ·У;ε֧Сӵ죬ǿڣҲһΣʥ۷塣
ûһڰҫ߹Уһѱҫɵ԰ҫȫܸƥеʵɱǻСһɵĺܡ
ҫרɱļƲߣҲǺгЧģЩʧȥָӵǣһûָӷ֮ˣʱûע⣬ͷӬƵĵҴܡ
ǰֻǵֻˣԭҫɱߣ͸֮ǰǼֻһֻۿԾɱ¾һʱ䷢˸ģ˳һѣĲֻǺпܱ¶Լ٣Լļƻһıѡ
ţСĵ㣬ˣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ԭүүԾӶӳɷɣλҵĸף֮ǰлүȰֻ˶ӵĶӳߴ׳ߵĸ־ҪֻϥǱһס
үʲôүҫһᣬᾢסǰҪصĶˣͬʱ͸оǱŤʵ
ɷ׶ˣǰҫⲻԼҲΣֻܱȭʩ񣺡ү뿪֮󣬴үүͽѸҫˣѾ׹ˣҵҲس֮ʱĽ棬ʶò
ҫ˶Ƥ۲ûۿޱȺյţλ磬ģҲҪɶ棬ˣҲҪ
ҫһħ֮ӣ׼үǰ϶ˣԼҲӲˣֻܵħŵķƽϢ֮ԼЩǲҪ⴫̫Զˡ
ɲ뽭˵ԼŬƴһжǿҾĸǵģͷһɱܡ
ȣǸϮɱߵ죬ǲҪ⴫ҲҪ˵ңܸӷİ£ˣҫϰԵıȭ
ү򲻿ɣ򲻿ɰɷСˣСܲ𰡣ԸСһ쵽һ쵽ɷ޴ǰҫݣԼǴ治ᱻƤġ
ҫ˷ۣҪڣһƵЦУҫ֣û뵽˾ˣ֮ǰ³ðүҪİ
˵Цˣ֮ǰս¾ղײգҪڰɣ㿴ΣҫͷҲصЦ
⣡


ʮһ ܲƵȭ
үζҫǵ֣ƳʹҵսɷһĿŭ֮ɫͶɱȡ
˵ε֣Ƴǳ࣬ҫдߵɱӵ죬ȫǺƳǵĸ֣ƫԶɣչֳʵʵǾ˵ĺܣûһ֮µġ
Щ֪ĸ֣ԵüΪأųɾŵȫһװ۾⣬ȫ˸ʵ±ϳƵģԵüء
ʣµЩ̻¶ݵĸǣȻںƳżߵĵλʵȾͿԿ˵ǰļͶ֮еѹȸУҫҴ֡
£սܽӴģҪɲҪˣȫ˻شӪȥ̾ߣҫ˰֣ɷ״뿪
˶һۣ̿ЦԼЩͨ߶ӦˣȻԲѵҪҫսһ㶼ΪԼĲеЦ˱ȭ˵˿ȥ
ֳֻʣҫͶʱ򣬶ҲæŶ֣ҫȿʵ֣˵ǰⷬȫһµ£д£
ǣͶ΢΢һЦҲϣˬĳˡ
׼ܰӦϣܲļƲߣҫ˵ͷ΢Ц˵
ҫ֣ˣСˣȫãҫֵľ֮ǣСǲϴ֮õġͶʼ΢Цͣڻص
֣㲻а˰ɣҫǸ߸𣬴һЦݿͶͶȫΪֻ˫ͫȻһ˲仹ԭ仯죬ȥ۲˻濴
ҫ֣γ԰Ͷǵķʵ
ţǿˣðɣɫҲˣǿʼɣҫššӣһ½ǹؽڣҲشͶĻԹԵ˵
ҫ֣ɷѻ˵Ϊʲôỳаˣ㿴ʲôˣͶüһĵһüüЦˮ仯ḻʡ
Ʋ⣬㺣Ƴһƶ֮ǣħŵĶңûоʵĿ㣡֮㣬ӦǴܲ߰ɣ
壬Թħźջ󣬴Ӷ˴ʱ˿ʢĳ棬˵ȽϲĻҲад˵ʵƶµķչɿûˡҫʼ磬ͷͷǵȻûƾʵݣҳ
ҫֲǾˣֻһսӷʤɾˣͶ˫Ŀ΢΢֮б˵ĺ⣬Ȼɱġ
Ϊ֪̫˶԰ɣҪɱҲ£ղˣ˵ʵڵģаθڣǴ󰡣¶ǣҲ³ˣҫ˰֣Ц
˵ǰ㣬ղһѣаҪ£еˣħţֻаѣȻѱҫƣͶҲαװɭȻаЦ
ȻˣǾͻͶҫεҡҡͷһ֣ͫʥ¸ǣǿֲĴӿ͸ɢＴȼƾޱȡ
ùͶ˫ĿһɣȻһЦδƿŭΣҺɫӽŵ׷ɢŨīһ㷭ȻӿҫĴ𾢷ͥ񣬲·硣
˫Գ壬һһڷ񽻲ҫһһΪһˣֱͶȥ֮죬ƵʯΪˡ
ͶһˣҲȰҫ٣˱ҵľһһҫ˳һƺۣһͱƺ𾢸ϳͶһڼͶϡ
ƣɽ
ҫһƺʵȴûаϲ֮ɫüͷֱ壬һƺƺڰ֮ܲϣ鸡ųҵƾһɶͶϺһ˲ɢԼͶ˵һȫǲʹ
霿ףаħ£
Ͷףر𣬸ҫĻʥ֮ͬΣһƤʳۣȭף׶ѥɭޱȵĺ˳еаȻ
ҫһ޹ƶأͶҲװҫһƣͬһƺֱȡҫţҫһ̧۵ӡһƺ䣬еĿֲûг֣ͶһתƷתֱ£Ϊɵıܿ˰ҫֱۣһһ壬صĺڰҫ֮ϡ
ؿһʹаһƺİҫѪڣƲѣʥҲʲô裬˼Ͷ߳ϵƾ˵Ҳء
һƣװɣͶ΢΢һЦЦ
˫֣Ȼս˵ͶҪ߳ҫһﲻֹҫҲ⣬߽ԼǿĶֻˣͶǿȴҲûﵽԼ޷ƥеĸо
ѹֻˣСӵʵ㹻뻨ȼˣ۷ˮ׼أ
ҫ뷨һҲڼͶЦ֮ʣ˫һᣬΪƵͻ˫ݺύ趯޳ѵƺñɽкһʰ
˫ͣ
ҫƵļͶķӦҲ˫һ˫ȭں䣬ǧƼ产ˣֲȭ֮£һɴаνǸдᣬ
霿ȭ
һȭ׶һɽһȭһԺ䣬ǽȭֱײ̺ܵһͿ
ҫͶԣĺ죬ĻȥΧΣν֮ʣ˳Žֵܿ񱼼ߣݺ֮䣬ͣĲжԺ䣬ҫõͶȭһʱ˴ݱѷָ¡
ǿȭ󾢼д֮ѲĺܣҪǾһĿǣҲŲôãͶ˵ðЦҫа̾Ͷչֳʵо쳣
һôܰɣҶôãȫûļ޾ȫӵеģֱǸδᣬͰ͵նɱˣԾ󻼡
ҫо㵣ͶҲ٣ڰҫʵѾһʶǾǲȥˣھܳƽҪٽȥǻˣеɱԽŨ
ͶɱһȻ٣һ㣬֮ԷֳʮӰݺύۻңֲһӰգ֮ʣʮƣ˷ΧŰҫ
ҫһ˫۷ת֮һ֮ǳͼΣһޱߵᾢǣͶĶᣬǿܳͶ
Ųƣ
ͶΣǵ¶ڰҫǰθǱ¶ҫƶһɨߣȷ׺ͣһźɨͶ̣ɨɳʮ׿⣬ײһ̡
֮ڣͶվϵĳãҫʸ霿֮¡


ʮ 霿ʤһգۣ
ҫվȣƽϢҵѪ֮ǰһŵȷǾ;ףǰҫкûͶ˺
ͶƤ״ףԼĻʥ¶ضãҪһ˿ж֮ǿҫȫ˶˲Էʵͷʹĺܡ
취ĸһСУĻ˺ʵ޵ĺܣϾΪڵΪҪ˵۷ǿߣеѶȵİҫ˼ţԶķȻըѣͶӰһٴγڰҫǰ
ôǿʼɣͶŤŤӣ˵쳣£֮ǰǽȻûʲôˣҲ߳
һ䣬Ͷ˫΢΢չתϣָڿ۳צˮƽֱߺȸ߸̧ϥ䣬ȽżʮȽǰ㣬˵صż֧ţڳһǳֵƣ˫Ŀ͸ɢɱȡ
Ȼ֣ȫͬˣҪСĲǣҫüߣҴ⡣
ҫܹ霿֮£ҲĿˣͶһ˵żһţӰզ࣬գ֮ѵҫǰһצצ絶ǶȺ飬ֱҫȥ
Ͷĳ֣ʵڿޱȣڰҫҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣҪ̶ֳȵӦûУԼͲ֪϶ٻˡ
ֻҫһһͶĵצֺ߳޹ǣ֮£߷ۣżͶɶȥһлƵĻţõޱȣ·طǡô
ֻǰ·ļͶȫûһ˿֮ɫ¶һıóѵЦݣҫжʱһֺܲõĸоҪк֮ʱȴΪʱ
һӼͶкҫĶĤİҫͷĿѣðǣĤ۵ֱ죬Ѫ֮£ؿһƣһѪȻ
霿ƣ
Ͷһг䲻ƣİҫдң¶ͶȻŹôõĻᣬ˫ֳצצɣʥѵ棬Ӳʮצ֮󣬱ݺ˺צһҫţ伸Ҫ˲Ѫɽ
霿ƣ۹צ
ϴһʹҫ˲˹ͶצƲͣҫˣ޷Ųз򽫻ѪҺţֻܷʹá
ȻҫһһӣǽڶȻһ΢Ŀ΢΢ƫƣͶצ˿գҫλܽд㵲ѡ
Ͷһø˰ҫĻᣬ˫һָ̧һɭȻӿָһâ
񽣣˽뷢
ڰҫųɹµľ񽣣֮ͣ񲻿ɵɫƱ滨䣬ϼͶ֮ǰצ˴˾ĳңâһ壬ƿ˼Ͷġаħ¡գ֮ѱɳԶľ롣
ҫۼһݣʤ׷˫Ĵָһϣӿ˫ָ֮һҫ۵ĺ⣬һâֱָͶȥ
񽣣˫ϲգ
ñȼһĿֲâίʵޱȣͶҪǲܣֻӲӣֻ˳ɹһ𣬻īȻӿۣһ˱۶ֶ֮
霿ڤ
ƿնͶ˫ȭһԺ䣬պüסҫĽȭ֮ǿ׾ٵĺɢҫĽǱһƵĺɢñȷ籩ϯƾ˵
霿ڤޣؾ
ǿ霿׺иǿޱȣողһͱɱأҫһ΢΢һЦŲԶļͶ޵
ҲʹĻ磬µı仯ȻûˡˣҺܺ棬ոйλʲôãôͶеϢ΢Цʵ
ҵճʱѧһ΢ĩȫʱλӶı伡Ĳֽṹֻһֲ֮ˣֵһᣡҫ˰֣
ѧĲǽ⡮塯Ķ͹ɣͶȻʲôʵ
ȷǽж͹ǡ塯Ķôҫ˵ͷʵ
ҵģȥĻԺϾǧҪУĻǻһӣֱһѧΪֹͶ΢΢һЦ顣
ʱ̸֮ͣһһеĽţʵƲֶԹԼݲ˵ҫͶԸҲǺܺϵƫƫԸΥ컯Ūˡ
Ͷаˣаҫɱʦ֮𣬳ýҫھҪֻصϢǺǰļͶȻǰҫҪϢĶ飬ǾԲᷢġ
ҫأѾö˵ǰСһãͬҲǱ츳ֲһãͶкҪڲɱҫ˵ò˶ãɱûǸˣǣδᣬȻҪþɱ
жѶԷ֮ͬеĵһУ˴֮Ҳȷʵսɣڽ̸һ֮󣬿˶Էһͬʱ¶΢Цҡͷ漴˫Ŀ׺ݵĵԷϽһ֮ɫ
ҫ񹦣İ˸˿С̫һȼգڰҫ󣬻ʥ¸Ǳ֮ǰѤ˫ͫɺ֮ɫۿԭĳɫתѪ֮ɫԵ쳣죬죬֣ǷѪ֢
ҫѽѪ֢ͬʱȫͫʥ£ҲѾϣ˵ʱ˿̵İҫ֮ǰһǿһֹҫѾʼȫֶΣһս
ͶҲȰҫ϶٣һаӿһڤ޵ӰٴֶʵĻʵһ㣬ȫӿͶ֮ڣͶ˫Ŀһһ֮ʣ˫ͫң۰īͫһ˵⡣
ͫѾôֵǮô֡硢ңҼǵͫӦڱȽƫŵɣ˻治١ҫƳƳ죬
ӵͫˣ֮ǰ뻨ݽӴ֮£Էͫڻþһ࣬ȷ似ֵͫڳμʱҲǳƤëһ־Ӱһ࣬Ͳ֪Ͷͫʲôˡ
ҲǽƣŽҵõ֮ͫȽϺðɣͫˡͶʼ磬΢Цص
һ£Ҳͫϣͫϰɣҫüͷһ壬
ͶԴһᣬ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵţ¶ˣֻǶգգۣͷֳʤˡ
һ䣬ͶŰҫգһƤҫһ˫ɺ˫ͫʱʧȥ˾۽
ҫǰһƬڿκζĴڣɼһ˿춯ţûһ˿о᣻Ӵκ·ʧһƯɴ
ҫ˾Եĺڰ֮УڼͶǰҫֻʧĶǰ͸ȫѨλһ㣬һ
ҵͫˣаͫаᣡͶɭȻһЦ


ʮ ͫĵڶ׶ΣԸ
ҵĶͫаͫ԰һ˵УȻðᣬʱȴ㹻ҶԵչƻ߳ˣǾΪңĻκ˶УʹͬӵͫҲ޷ֵ
ҴӵڵĹżУ֪һЩܣҵаֻͫǰ벿֮ѡΣϹÿһͫӵŶصԣҪ߽ƥġͶߵҫǰ˴ҫԴҫһҡ˼һԭء
Ҳ˵߲ʺԼͫԵĻôʱͻ⵽ͫܵʮɣǱɣҵаͫҲʺⲿͫĻ̻ᱻУ޵ĺڰ֮С
ǲ֪ͫʲôܣȻãôȻĹйأʺϵĻӦûԷٰɣͶΧŰҫһȦϲҫǿʯûһ˿ķӦ
ˣӦÿ᲻޺ڰ֮У˵ٶ㶼û֪ôҫ֣Ľգһȥǰģ
Ͷ̾Ϣһȭ˳ƺȭ׺ףֱҫͷ­Ͷȭأҫʧ޷ֱ֮ϵ⣬Լ׸Ҳûֻɹѡ
ɾһ˲֮䣬ҫüⶶ˶漴һţȳֵıͫ漴Ѫ֢ʥ˲ȫۣһ̧պסͶȭͷ
һ̣Ͷˣǰһдĳ֮⣬ҫȻ⿪аᣬΪԼֻþĸоԼȭͷĵȷȷǱҫ߬ˣҲ˵ǰһжʵġ
ôܣôƿаͫаᣬǸйᣬʹͫҲֵܵˣοľΪҵΣаᰴ˵㲻Լ⿪㵽ôģͶѾŵе״ˡ
ǰһȫ޷鲻һΪԼˣ⿪Լͫûûй췢ˡ⵱е׳̶ȣ˶˵ɣһףţʼĺԡ
żͶǼ˴㵵ı飬ҫƲƲ죬ָָԼ۾ڵҵͫպÿɣ˵ˣûʲôǾԵģҲ̫ˣ
ͫ߱ʲôܣңͶֻŵʵ
õһ𰸣ΪСͶһЩԼʶ֮飬Եü˿־壬֮ǰֳһ֢״뾪֮ҲˣһԸȱݣ˵ͶвϵǱڼҲǱڼ½ļͶɷħһʰ
ҵ۾ܿ͸һУҫ΢΢һЦżͶȭͷһᣬǰһƣͶȿ漴˫һһлޱߣ𾢴ھͶ
۾ܿ͸һУͶüͷ壬һľҪγѪƵģ˫ȭȭÿһȭȭĵǱȭһ˲߽൹Ļˣ产ˡ
霿ڤޣؾ
Ͷһ𣬵Ʋˣһڰҫǰͬһڤ޵ؾȭƿգͺҫȭХñ쫷ϯȭֱѹҫ˫˫裬ȭֺֿݣƥ
ҫȴǲŲæĵһ˦ȻóмͶ˫ȭıȭƵͬʱƶ£ַͬõֱֵǳ׼ȷĻȭƵı̼ɵĻ˼ͶĹơ
ͶüͷζȻ仯٣ޱȣһ˫۹צ絶ֱҫϥߣ죬и죬ֽǶȼ꣬ʯ֮˹ơ
۰ҫ˳һƫұ۸պûһצϣ̧ǡֵӭͶ򦣬ȥͶԼײҫϥһ㣬Եе˼
ͶͷôԼĹƾ񱻰ҫδ֪һ㣬ƵģۿŰҫϥֱǰһ̤ĺǾա
ȫʧĶܣպñҫץţԭ̧ϥǣ˳һСȺƳһ˦ȷ׺նڼͶĴȡ
գ֮䣬Ͷ͵ʴס·ͻǿк˵ķ£ʹͶаħ»ʹ졣
Լһֱҫƣʵ˼⣬һչʮ׿⣬ҫ룬äĿ
㿴ļͫѵԤ֪δʱ˿̵ļͶ԰ҫ۾ν൱ļɵ֮ǰбƾżȻôҫͫкܣͱȽѰζˡ
ֻһԵɺ֮£̷˱絤֮ͫڳǿԸвⷽԲһ֮ڣκĸߵܡڸոգµͻƣеʱܿе磬ԣҵ֮һܿҫָָԼ˫ۣЦ
ûҫıͫڸոб֮ĪĽ뵽˵ڶ׶ΣҫеĪ
ͫĵڶ׶ηΪǰڣǰڣͨ˫ͫӣɿ͸һ˵·һԷУڵһʱ֪ԳƵδ֪ĳ̶ȡ
ڣͨ˫ͫͷűͷҪϸϰٱĻ˿ȥȼһ˵Ļ𣬵ʹ죬Ѫٹ죬ˮּʧӱģʲβ룬зս״̬
ҫոսǰڣԿһе·ߣһ㣬ԼͶʱѾðҫڲ֮ء
ܺãôǱȱ˭ͫʤɣͶ˫Ŀ΢΢ɭȻаЦսӿҫָͫߵͣǺⳡ֮ͫսҵĴˡ
ηɴͻཻԺ䣬ѽѷ֣ҫʩչһѧڶؼϸ£ʵһֲĵزڵΪУ۷ļͶܡ
ȻҲֻʱģõıȥϾֻѣʵʵʵҫֳֻܾʤ˱ȻԼ
ҲˣҫҲǼ˵׺Ҳ˫սֱӽ뵽˰Ȼĵزʽͣһ˫ͫҲû£ϵ˿˿ۡ
ҫս׺ͶҲ·磬ٴչҵĽ棬һδвֵͣļơ
ҫߴĻҫҲͬ伤ҵĴսҫһֱֳ˸ԵľУĲֺ
Ҳһ㹻ǿУܲɣŮԵȽϺãĶ֣Ƿѩɽׯġѩɻ衣
ô˵أ佻֣ĻڣôһɰεСŮ治֪ô֣ںǺܲԸٸ껽֣ȻһֱռϷ磬ĺܲԸΪ鷳
ڸսʱױ˵ҪˣͶ뺪Ѿֱ𱻰ҫˣ˫չ˼սʤһʱҲֲ
ǽʥġ׿ѾԼĶ֣Ķܲѣ˳ʱ䶼ڰΰ֮ӣȻ׿м֮
ս̬죬ҫ˵ս²Ÿոտʼҫ껡ܲѣ˵ĳɰԵҪ


ʮ ǿܲѣת˲ʤ
ܲѣ¾ĵʵܲѵʱ򣬻һСۣͽʱܲ˯ˣס
ʱֳ˶ˣִ֮£ͽӣܲѵľٶòУһЩִŭ֮£ҪְϵΨ¾һ˿Ǳܣס˽¡
ܲҲûչֳʲô̫˵츳ͬʱŵļλʦֵڴﵽʥʱֻʥǻ츳ʲ˶ʼ¾۹⣬ڱָָ㣬۷Ƿǡ
ֱתһⲿ֮ܲ˵ıˣⲿϼΧ֮һСϣҲⲿеκһҲ˵֮˭ᡣ
Ȼˮ¥̨ȵ£ϼռ˵ϵıˣȻǵһǵѰ֮ˣɵƶˣ¾ϼ˽һ¡
˫һǰȥⲿ˭ȴ͹˭ģ߾֮˭ԹԣǺߵУܲѵĴڡ
˫ˮ𣬲չһ伤ҵĽ棬ⷭ˸׳죬˭ûзֹĴڡ
˶ڻϢαʱ⡮תһȻĪĳܲУܲѾڵԵֻҪλʦ볤ϹôͿ԰ⲿˡ
ɽªһ棬չܲѵǰܲѵλʦԼλϣϣҪ̹ͣǿܲѽҪһΪļ֮ն
ܲأԹԵĽ˹Ϸ˵һΪϣֻǾͺˣƫƫԸΥ
볤ڻ·ϼ⣬ҪռϽɣԼ˵ΨһܲѣȻҪɱ֮죬һΣܲûִУˣһ˲䱬ʵֲ
ʦһжӲ£ܲ˲ɱڵĳϾȻòܲѣӻۼ¶ҲֻԶš
ܲѱȱϹ˲ָΪ빦̼䱩һ׶εģˡתһܲѵõⲿ֮󣬺֮·һ£һ£˲䱻ѧᡣ
Ⲣܲѵ츳жߣܲѵ˯ʣøⲻȫϣ˵˶Ϊ˴ģѧȻһǧ֮죬ֻ֮÷˼ݡ
Ժܲѵ츳ǿ˵һҹ֮˷츲صĸı䣬뾳ʼα۷ҡֱϣλվǱ¾Լλص
¾ʩ̣ܲѵ˯֢ϰԣϵȫҪģֻҪúõĴͿˣҪʽҪ⹦ʽϣϲߡ
¾ľϸѡ֮£Ϊܲѡһʺ⹦ʽֵȭһҪǿܷܲӳǿȭ
ⲿȭϰǿ绢Ĵ䡣ܲѾƾȭһιӡš
λιʵǹŹֵĺܣɽ¶ˮƽ˯˯ʦʦĻ˶˵û˯Ҫ
ˣܲѲôƽһε״̬֮սҲر࣬ƽʱҲô֣ħˣΪһľ콾һ˾պͷ
ʵأħŵһǶܲѵʵɲ⣬˵ǿףֻöˡ
ʱܲѸʥġ׿֣ⱬʵû׿ĵǿĲ˼飬Ϊ۷壬ֵȭ;ףɾһһּ˼άԻ֮
׿ڹߵǾԵĸ·ӣλ֪Ūǧ¾ѧʮĴ֮һ֡ǰŹţг֮ϸƼȭʵֲ
˶ȭϵмңɽܲ׿֪ʲôһɽһɽߣھʽ׿硣
ⱻΪµһӲĽ֣емܲסܲѵĹƣϾֻеھŹصĹôܵסܲѵļֵȭ
ܲռ˾ԵƣȻõģȴǲ²Ȼѹͦݣһʱ֮ҪװҲǲܵ£ҫأѾʼʤˡ
Ͷһ񴫵ݣʱҫӾʱҫĴϽ֮£Ҳ˰ҫţÿζҪʱ̣˰ҫĹƣһʱҫеæ
ҫıͫȷ˰ҫһ˶ûֻܵܵһЩ΢ƤëСˣÿμͶȫеʱ򣬶ᱻҫ˫ͫе·ߣԤȽ»ƽ⣬Ͷػ޹װ˴
˲ݣͶȫƣԽԽ˳֣Ϣ೤ƾã޽ɳ·֪ƣһ㡣
ҫʼеˣϾͨʽʵﵽͶƽĳ̶ȣ־ս԰ҫ˵һߡ
ͶҲһ㣬Ȼҫ𿪣ڽʮɶ£ڤа֮׶ʮ㣬żͶγȭѹҫһȭǱֲ
霿ڤޣؾ
ԼͶĹɽҫеһΣУҲָо֮ǰҫڶսƺʱɱһʽٴγ֡
ҫ˫ֳɵԿǿһʰ޾âΧͶİؾͿ
ҫ˫һƣһᣬ׵߽˼ͶȭƣͶˣ֮ǰҫϢήң״̬ټĸоɰҫתۼͻȻͣһ
ͶҲͼĴˣҫ߽Ͷȭ֮һ̧һлɽ˳ƺƾƥѵ󣬻ֱͶš
Ͷæ̧۵ֵһƺ֮֮֮ͣң֮¶ĳ˼Ͷϣ˫رҫһƺı˲ֹҫôżͶˣ涼ĿĵĻۡ
ҫѹżͶˣ


ʮ ûɱҵģ
ҫѹżͶˣֲͶһʱûа취ɵҫƼѹ֮󣬼Ͷķسױ˫ƺݺݵĺڼͶ֮ϡ
аħµȥ߳ҵʣɺļͶѪֻ⻹û꣬ҫ˫뿪Ͷŵһ̣˲䷭תԲһһŴǳǽһɿֲᾢ
һŲƣ⧲ļͶöᣬѪڣڵĻưǣĺֱײһӱøǾ
ͶѾҫȫţ޷֮ҫڳͶһ˲䣬ٴαУ˫˳ƶأʮɹµľȫģһƥĻ۳ͣ˳Űҫƣٴκ˼Ͷؿڡ
С
ҫʮɹµľСжǿϯγһɻнͶУ˾һźɵĻʯҫɳϰ֮ԶײһС¥֮󣬺˵Ļٴα¥ըķ飬ֲ
ҫɱһʽĸ˲һϵеƣͶ㷴֮ûУ˲ҰڰҫľС֮¡
ԭˣСȺ󱬷ɻ𾢴ݻһзֶΣʣɻ𾢴ëڽбơɱ治ǾĵһﳬֵҫһԶըƽ˵¥΢΢һЦ޵
ʱİҫֽţĺ鲼ͷ֮ϣΪͣɣʥ¡ͫѪ֢ȫάֲסѾԶ״̬͵Ĳٵͣʱʧȥս
ҫھ̾Сǿ֮ʱͬʱҲɱһʽе죬ɱһʽһ֮ڷΣÿηԼ˼άһֱܷӦʹ״̬
ơж֮Ȼʹʱеİ϶õ䵱ôֱԵ˹֮Ƶ㣬صƣƺԼͶҲƵĿʼһǳɣԼҪٱֹ
ɱһʽ״̬ޱȣ˼ҫԿƿɱһʽ״̬ôʵֽһʵͻơ
κηбףɱһʽ֮ǿǿӣȱҲͬĺܣһҪܷ֮ʹõĳãֻܵˣһһ룬û
ڶ֮һʽڹؼᱻֵķӵ£ԵչĴ
һ״̬ôӴģһʱڱһͨˣҲӦôһ仰õ٣Ҫʧȥ٣ܹƽ
ԣҫܼͶ֮˾һò飬Ҫȥȷһ¼ͶǷս֮ԼҪĵһ£ڵϺúõ˯һΪ̫ˡ
ҲˣҫҲóóȻȥ鿴Ͷ׼ҪõģһͶս֮Լȥ̽ͶţԼˣĻԩ
ǣ֮ǰҫЩҩóҫȡҩƿŻָĵҩһڷ¡
Ϊľת֮£״̬˲٣ָҲּ֣Ҳʼ𽥻ָ岻ٲɫҲ»ָѪɫ
ҩҵĴ壬¼һ治ҩģҩҩЧһͼӰһӻָأҫа̾ҩ֮ЧͬʱǰҪͶ
ٸǰһ
ڰҫͶ֮ضʮҾʱһƮƮĻﴫҫУһޱɭɱ⣬һƥĽ⣬һɺñɽѹȸУҫüͷջ˽Ų
֮ϣһ米߳ʲĳӣݺݵĶŰҫţеɱ뽣ֻһס˰ҫ
Ѫ֮һġ콣죡ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢֪̫ɽһۣһնͬҲ֮һġȭ־ԶҲǾһҫʱն޷
졯ҫ֪ˣվ͸ն㣡
Ƴһ۰ҫҲһӣ֮£ǰĲкڣ˿ļͶڻ״̬ȻǱҫ֮ǰ͹˵Ĳᡣ
ҫһ˻ԵļͶת죬Цصǧ֪ȷʵӦóֵģ
ߣںúõɣһûǸ񣡡ĻصƴסͶļڵƣͬʱҲǰȣ˵ĺأĹ⾰СӾȻѾɳȵزվԲܷŹ
˹ϢżͶһȣһںѪų֮󣬺Ҳ˹˺һϥأ쳣Ŀڵ¾Ԯ٣
޷ҫ֮ǰõʲôãУô˲սӶΪʤģͶ˰֣תҫʵ
һԻش㣬ǾĵһǰʽСǸǸ޿ɷ档ҫ΢ЦصȻͶƢԺܶθڣϾǵжԣҪһֵġ
Ͷ΢΢ü֮󣬵˵ͷߵ˵壬δͷһˣɱ
صת԰ҫ黹ô䣬еɱŨϢĵز
Ҫɱ㣬ҫֲôͶʵ
ʲôǵģҪɱҲΪҵϣȫΪаѣҶаĸˣɱҲϡ氡ҫ΢Цص
ɿ޿ֵӣѵ㻹ʲôֿԱ㲻Ͷʵ
ţеģʱոպأҫЦڴʱһƷڼͶ˵ߣױ㡢Ʈ˸վһݶŶŭĿӡ
ƳһˣһּΪмڵ˾ĺ֣ô컹Ҫ
Ȼֹҫҡҡͷ΢΢Ц
죬ʮϢ֮ڣҵߣһĶһŤͷѪ۵İƮҲࡣ
Ѫӥ㻹ûʸ˵ңʵסɱҫôûǸ¡ۼҲҲĻص
콣죬Щϼһôϲϣ˾ᣡյĻӰͬʱࡣ
һֽգ㻹е㱾£ƾ˻ǲģƳһ۶ԷĻص
ţǸټҵĻӦù˰ɣҲһ˾Ŷ׾ֻƮ䣬ǰһ״ôĵס졣
׾ֳ֮Ҳû֮ǰǰʢˣüͷԿ׾ָѹ˼Ҫ󣬴Ӵ˿̵ľ˵ɱҫˣԼͶ֮ǡ
˸ˣλҰҫոϻصֳڼСλʧɢĸ۵ĽڣӦûǸɱҵģӦûɣҫԼͶ崺Ц
׾֡ױƮ顢ա˽΢΢һЦҫһů⣬ûʲôԼ۵ܳԼݻҪϲ
׼ҵֱϵѪ״ӽտʼ˱ΪˣҫСۡ


ʮ ߣӥ䣡
ʱľֻ÷·תݣͶ쵽Ҫɱҫҫ㼰ʱϵȷϷԵĺܡ
һֱռƵļͶҫ֮һֱƣҲ֪컯ŪˣҫǼͶĿǣΥͲҫ£֮һΣҫٴվΪġ
ͷһۼͶ̾Ϣһڵˣû취ˣܻлģǻذɣ
˵ͷݺݵĵ˰׾һۣתҪȥ֮ʱȴסȥ·ͺȣɱвˣڼƲƨˣסǶߵܵĵˣôǵߵܵģ˵ߣǲߣĻͰ£
̫֣˸ƴƣ˭Ҳãüص
Ұᱻв죬ͳ֣ҵҪܱסԼܱסıļҪγѪҧгݵĻص
˽ţһԲϣֱӿսļƣҫλǣҲ̫ÿˮͶ˰ڰҫǰһͰ׵ģֻڰҫǰѡ
Ϊ׼Լħŵ̫ӹǣһƢûУȫǶ˲£ǸŵͺܲˬˣҪǹưҫ棬ѽˡ
λҪС޼ͷһذɣǰֵľƣҫεҡҡͷΪԼս£Լˣʵкޱȡ
ҫһ£λǽϢĹԹԵĻصҫǰĿͼͶ뿪Ͷ뿪ʱ¶һĪЦݣҫв⡣
ϧĸоͦıóѵĸоһ«ʲôҩҫü뵽
ߵܣΪʲôҪߣҫ񣬰ʵ
ʵΣҫ΢΢һЦڷʵ
ʤȣҪҸ־ԿԽ£ܵĻҲʲô£üڵʵȻ˵ĺܣҲǸڵĸ֡
أ˶˰ɣҫǵľ˵ɲ̫أҫ˵ͷ΢Цص
ˣüͷĸˣؿܣĿ֪ȻûзֶԷĵȻԷʵԲ֮£ɰҫôģ
ʺˣ֪ʲôΪ֪иǰɣΪܿѽҫָָԼ۾΢Цص
ͫһ˿ף棬֮ǰڰһ̣ҫͻȻеһĪѹȸУʶĿͫɨһȦԶ߸ߴӰĬĬĵ
һĻҫҴ⣬Ȩ֮󣬲ŷ˼Ͷ죬Ļ԰ҫϵɱ¾»Ὣ˵¡
ϾͶǱ츳ʵԼй֮޲ܳԺаʱҲɺܶ࣬κ첻ԸԸΥ
ҫһ߱ͫĹЧԼԼ뷨˽ǵͷֹڰҫĽ޲мӡ
ʱҫܲӲҪ¼ͶˣصĸҲȣʱаǳ䲻Ҫʤ˵ĺܡ
ҲҫĵϣһûҪķΪҫǵҾֱһ֧ǳɹ۵սЩʱֻľƣҪݹ۴֣һϰҫִǡôЩٴιĿ࿴һء
ױǸ֣ŰҫʶŪĶҫβѣǰֹ˶˵ΪȻĻҫƶҪ޵ˡ
ˣˣ˵£Ǳ߶ƽ˰ɣҫһԼΣѯʡ
ţȻһֽţǧ޶ѾˣħߵľƶѾѹסˣʱ򣬻˳һЩߣľѾҪģ׾ֵ˵ͷڻص
ţͦõģ㣬ôˣ˵ڵСӦûôŶ԰ҫױһʵ
ĹƣЩߵķֶ죬Ȼʵβ룬ҲʿĴڣûһʱȫɱ⣬ɰױҲǰȻǳʲô֮¡
ţģڵߴЩײľʿѾȫųˣפʮ֮أЩѾȫһ˶ԵʣҲ취ֻ֣˻̼Ʋߣױ͵
ҫüͷһƣһ˿ζЦݣԭˣֵָĻ֮ˣǼͶиأ
ҿҪȸ˻غԺٴӳˣϾ˶ðۼ˳Ĭ˵ԼĽ飬õ˵ͬɾ˸Ҫ֮ʣߴһмӥ
~~~~~~~~
ʶ̧ͷգһΪĿĳߺƻһ㣬ߵľͷƬĻ롣
ͬһʱ䣬Ͷ쳯ڳڵľۼظȥڶ˾ǾۼزһﷶΧʱһ»ȣʵһͿĺڷӣ£ס˶˵ȥ·
ĵܣ͵ʴأټǱڷҡֽȣһ˿ĿǣżͶЦ
ˣ·ÿҪȥ㱨սʱ㵱𡣡
ĵܣ飬һ£ȥ㣬ȻҪ⵽ʵǺ
ңĻ㶼˵ھͲ±Цô˭֪㣬ģҪҼͶɱ֮죬ôղͲŻϷˣҿŷθ
ߣ治Ȥôɱɱʲô˼żֵҲһζѽ
㣬Ҫ㱨йذҫ鱨Ұ·ÿ򣬱Ҷ㲻
Ҳƾʲô
Ӷ˵пֵܣֵͬΪıֵܣ֮еĻҩζըƽһɽֵܵĹϵǶӵĵز
ҫǰ㣬ֿʮ꣬һϻؾమĲˣҫҲǱϧ飬Ͼ֮ǰԼеĶǽֵܣѪԵ˵ǻôһо㣬Ȼůޡ
~~~~~~~~
ڼͶԼĸһҪ̵ļʱһߴһмӥʶ̧ͷգһΪĿĺɫߺƻһ㣬ߵľͷƬĻ롣
ħУ˶һӥ֮ҲշΪĳߣ˶ߵǺʵǾĲС
ħΨһֱܷĴڣǾСĦƫ֮ڣڣˣؤҪŴһεĿǰС̶ȣѾʼ־ܵ˼ˡ
ֳʮ֮һ䡯С˫ۣ΢ЦþòѽС죬㲻ǱߴţϹʲôְ
~~~~~~~~
һӥСɫȻһ䣬쳣࣬˫üڵ˵ռʲô˼
~~~~~~~~


ʮ ֲµս֣Կգ
֮ϣĶսɳţ˫Ȼ˭κβ˭˴֮䶼Է𣬴һֲͷļƣս֮ˣ֮𺳣Ǻ
ľ澭Ѿ¾ԪĵزѾﵽ֮ͨص֮Уܴﵽ˵Ϊľʮ֮ȻƬص۷ǿ֮һ
ǿҲʼòǰͷޣƣȻԼʼе㷳ԼܾܲôͷɣǵϵľƸô㣿
ƣϹʮ֮һǼ֮֮޵İһ࣬ɷݵأɷ纮ɶɽҽһƣޱȣһԶǧĲ˼顣
ྪ˼ȴʼòǰ࣬ħģȻǵһۣŭգԼõ˵شǰ࣬겻һûԣ˵һûԣֱǼ̣ɱʹ졣
ʵ˵ľռţԪ뱾ӰĽϣϾ춯أиɻ߽ӳ֮£һڲ֮ء
ֻǰ㹻ǿϹʮ֮һһԣƾˣ
ǿǿĿֲǿĵطǲĺֲʣԼ˵ķ
ϹʮޣҲôʮֻܻڵģôˣⷽ곬ٱǧ򱶶ֹʮֻ޺ɱǳɱô˵ɣֻҪ˻ڰĥɷ۶ԼԭֻٶȱȽһ㡣
ֲʣ˵ʮֻͳһ߱˵꣬ʹǧޣʶ˵ĺܣʹ򾳽֮꣬ӽϣҪޱȻóúã༸ܻʤ
ռ˾ԵƣָҪǿİٱֹ˵ʣٵķжǿ
ʱһܣԼʹȫƬһ㣬ᱡȴβƵıǣԭڵƬþӨ͸ӺɫתΪɫ
ת֮󣬰ľķ֣ԼеĹȫʹˣһ̿ʼû֮ǰǰʹй
е޲ϵĲϵĲƣҪ־սԼȫûӮϣΪϵĲ࣬
ʵÿһֻ޶ԼԣԼصרר⺧ķϹʮ֮УķǿһﵽƵĵز
ôڵս־ͱȽѰζˣƲķĹǷѣԼĵļ;ͬ飬ǿĹ˵ģǲֵܳġ
Ǻ˫ôˣ´ϰ궼δֳܷʤȻӥûгֵĻ˫ȷǷֲʤģɵӥ֮˫״̬Եøӹˡ
һ˫öȻһ㣬ֳһּ˵Ŀ־壬ͬʱһ߿ĺлôһĲһܵŵĸо
ӥո֮һ㶣漴üЦֳȫȻ෴״̬ϲı飬ʲôδѽҪһ㣬ڴ
~~~~~~~~
ӥһɫĻӰ·ϣûһž޴ĻţŻԲһ壬ޱȣֲ¶ȣ÷ݶΪ
С죬þòأһ΢ЦĿǲͣתĻţ֪ʲôΪʤһǾֵ񣬾ܿ
~~~~~~~~
ӥٴ𣬻ŷǳͻأĴڲѣΪһɢҵĻ磬ɢΡ
ڰеһͷݣݸߴɿ⣬߻ӶĳԼ˴ɫϵɫ͸һ˸еõĹΣԵüĿ
ɫĳԴмֱһ˫צɢǵĺ⣬κﶼܵǶԳɫ˫ɨ֮ʱŭ֮еĴ
ǰͷݣ֣ͫǸ̬߰ͫڶ⣬£񿥵һ֮ǿƶе㱻ȥĸо
ͷǷɿ֮ԣ֮Ĺķ汦Ϲʮ֮һһ񣬳׽
׽񣬷ɿݣϹʮ֮Уɿٶޣȫ֮£һչᣬգ֮Ծľ룬һ˫ӥצ׾ٵ˺¼κεĽԪﲻɷ٣Կȼ֮ǿ֮
չٿգŤͷŰһᣬʹĲҲ֪ǶԷڸԼкǱȭһ΢ЦӦ
԰ıʾѺãΪʶҲʶʶĻҪ磬ǣԴתʱҲУֳ֮ܿĹϵҲͬûƶ١
~~~~~~~~~~~~~ϣϣ~~~~~~~~~𣡺𣡡~~~~~~~!
һһô˵нţһԵİȻ˫ڷʱʱʱʱ߿ʱͳתȥйɣϾûһö
๫ûϵҶ㷭룡Сʱ̼Űߵս֣һͷˮռ䴫ġ
ʱԣСոմ׽ȴٽ̸ˣֻǺܹĻţСҲֻ֮ܽǰǽ̸ݷһ£Ҳûʲôر֮޼ʹٸߣҲֻ˵Ļѣڱ˴˼Ľ̸ϣǷǳֱס
׽в룬Ը˴˻вƺеЭ˼ʼˣֱӳĬ
޽һʵΪǳֱӣ˭˭ģȻʵӦҪʤһ֮󣬱Ĭ岻ˡ
ʵҲ˵ʵ;ǿһһ溮ˣҪĻȫôƿԵģǷɿ֮ûκһֻϴӮ׽ϵİ
ƣ跳գСڣ겻Ҳпԭ㣡һԵɤ֮ϡ
СʲôʱģҵȻŶ꣬ĳ̶Ҳ̫˵ɣСеľ̾һģһ˵ʵֲ˶Էǵжǿ
СϹʮھϵֲ˶ԷĴڣ֪˵ľΪ֮ϣûгĵ֮ͨǾҪֲ֪ˡ
ϣ𣡡
׽һּóǳĲãҲһԴ΢΢ƫ޴תһ˷ϲζ
ʱ׽ǰֳһӰӰĺ֮УòֲŮϿѷɫĶ١
޼ҵ˭ô꣬ԭСӣڱ´ˣʼûûСǰɣ


ʮ ʼ֮ţ
޼а˳ƲаͲɿΪһ֮УԿѾǾеһף׵Ļ֮
£֮Уֻ˴ﵽ־磬һǡһɡƷɣһǡħĪƣһа񡯳޼ˡ
ҪǣƷĪƱʩƣɱ˶ԼǺţصΪҪⷽرƴȻͿ̿Ƕ˽ҷգսڿռ֮УҲ֪ʱܽ
Ҳ˵ƷĪƱ޼˸ţ֮䣬֮Уֻôһ֮ˣֻҪĪ˲ٳ֣֮ǿ֮ˡ
ֻƾϢܱ޼ݣ֪Ҳ磬ֻǸƷһǿǣʶ޼֮ĶԹѾǧǰˡ
ؿǰһϳ˳޼ݣҲûй̬ǫѷĻصǰòɰ
ҲǰжûˣСƨܶһˣ㻹ҹĿ࿴أ񣬿ɲôҷŭͽô˫ۻЦص
ҲҲҪڰ죬ǰǰ½⣬˷⣬ֻΪ˸ǰǽѶѣ޼û٣ľΪϵãȻﵽĵز֮⣬ͨ
ǽѣкǺҪŽⰡ޼ҲùĨˣе߲߲ƣҶ֮ħ֮˷ˣǺξģ˵ɣɫһĻص
ǰԿֱ˵ˣ̫󣬰ǰһ˹Ҳдĵطа˺ƳǣԼԵϰǰħҲûзɣ޼һַǳȻĿ˵
һüͷ𣬶߾СɣħȻƴ󣬵ǧЩСɣƿϻеġ
ȫ䵽˳޼ϣԼȻղһķ޼Զ鱨ԳƵָƣ£Ѿﵽ˿֪ĵز
ԣΪǰֵһѹȻҪħţֻǰ㹲ƶϱ㿴Σ޼˵Ҳ˵ص㡣
Ŷƽֶңʦڲ߷ɣ޹ħŵܶ棬ΪΣȱǿûô̹㰡𽥱ϬɫҲҪγѪ
ֻ뿴ħʵȥεȵزѣħԴǰ֮Ѿûо˵սˣ̫ãɲһأ
ͬʱҲǰһ£յʵȻĻֺεºܿԸǰƽֶأôûǰʧɣ޼Цһڻص
һ䣬Цһָ̧ų޼ķ쳣ĿڵҪƽֶ޼ûʸҾװ׵ĻشˣֲȾָڣ̣ҹ
ǰĪҪһнԼľӪħţ뵽ٲĵزǰ˼У޼е㷢ȻǶ԰ĵĻش𼫶˵Ĳ֮顣
˼ûҪ޼ҪǾƾãħŵȷǺܾûսеˣҪӲģ浽ףҲϧĳصɫ棬ûһ˿֮⣬ȻҪ޼ĵˡ
ǰħ٣һ˾ܴŵ˼ôͲԼһţϷ㣡޼ЦһȻʩѹðĲɵħ壬ȻѺۡ
ֻԸΥ޼̴죬ΪСħŵģ֮ʣܿռһԲɢÿһ֮һˣ뻮һվڰĵ
ɽӺ¾йľ̹ɽׯׯī졢սϼ峤_ʡźڰ˫˫¦Ҷ룬ȫᣬаĵķСܹʮ쳣ĿŰġ
׷湬ңԹհ֮вӣһ֮£ȵɽǣ
ʮ֮гС⣬˼£ͬȵ֮о֮һ˫ᶨԿ˵Ļǳģûһ֮⣬ɼƽ׼ȷ˽ͷе裬İ
ĵһԣӰȥŰĳЧңһɺų޼޼㶼ˣħһģͬ飬ħŵĵ̣Դ֮ⷽûб죬ҪǾƾʵúˣħž͸úһأ㾡ܷǣ
ͬСһͬվڰٲȻһ̬޼ڳĬʮϢصȻǰ˵ףӣҲֻõˣϣǰԼľ
һ䣬޼ķ̧һӣͬͬʱʧ٣֮֮ĵˣԼǳ׽
๫ִأ޼СӵеɲСأСЦһڵ
ߣСʵıǿҰҲڲͣͣӦøѵúһˣ޷ȥҪȮˣĳص֮Уսʮ㣬պĶ֮Եúġ
~~~~~~
׽һд˰СĶԻٴ˫һչһӣߴɵһֱ£һɻâѷӿʯ׹أƺգ֮Բ֪ȥ
С죬ôˣۼ׽𼱻ǵȥĺʵ
Ǹ֮ǰ˸˵ˣСҫģСȻһڻص
ҫʲô
ƷɣҪͨŸҫʲôҪҪУ
ߣȥ
ţ
ʱҫУҫѾɹϴ󲿶ӣħŵ콾ǣԼЩûзѵȫһҫĶΧڣлϼᣬӦ֮
ҫͬ׾˸ո̤һ̣ڰҫͷϣһ쳹Ʒͬʱֲ˿£ѹİҫá
̧ͷһһһž޴ĻѸײڶ֮ƽҫɣǻûɢھһ֮ϡ
׾˶ˣ֮ǰʵڼΪͻأ˶ûӦӦʱѾ˰ҫѾ򳹵ɣ˸æǰӪȣȴǿֲĻȫɨɣûһܿһ֮ڡ
ʱ֮ڵİҫ˫Ŀգٿ׽˫ţԺһζϢ뻰Դ˸֣İҫüͣ
ҫƷɣǸͨС죬Ÿ㣬£Ҫæ


ʮ æԲ
ɶҰ㣬ǽɰǿߣ»ɶڲƽҪôһ΢С֣ǰɷˣ˯Ժˣ˵λɣҫʧɫʵ
ʱİҫƷɹͨô˵ҲԣӦƷǿԸҫͨŶԣƷ־׵ľΪ£ûаҫء
ϻҪǻĻõ˵Ǹߵĺܰô򵥵ľһ룬ҿʵŶԣƷɶݺݵ
ɣⷽأʲôطסȵȣǰڿռɣҫһطⷽΨһסƷɵģҲֻˡ
ռ뻯߽룬ᱻ籩ɨޣ߽ͨҲֻǿԱޱȣֻǾ֮۵Ļ֮ڿռȥ硣
ʵڵһۣҫߵе磬ʱռ֮ͨ󣬲ûпƷɵĺ׹һɱ뻯ߣڰҫУƷɵΪӦͨ쾳
ʵҲϱռסΪ뻯ǱģΨ֮ѵȥ񾳣ҫǲֻ֪ǲ롣
ȻһۣҫĻƾͻ̾ԭⷽأ˴ﵽһľ簡ò˶֮󣬰ҫȻָᷢ̾
ô˵أţҲǿռסңֻЩ飬ұҪɣŲֽţܺܺõķӳʵǰ±Ƚϼ֣һʱҲɲˡ
ѽʲô߰ģ֮ʱܴӿռЩûа꣬˵ﲻҰɣʹһ仰ƷԽ˵ԽͿҲ֪ڳݲ壬żʱƫ֮еץסص㡣
ֻҪΧ֮ڵģ岻ݴǣҫϸһ󣬴ӦͬʱжƷɵĻеʮֵľ㵡
ƷɵĻпǿռסڿռﱻʲôסˣʵڷϾŻϰҫȣô֪ƷǸʲôľˡ
ڿռ£ó׽ý飬Լռ֮⣬˻⣬ûκһߡѧܹ㣬ʣƷȻӵŻ֮Ϊ
Сӣעһ㣬ͨʲôҶһҲΪҵľ޳ԾʲôԺ׵ģʱ䲻࣬˵£Ʒһͺȣҫٷġ
֮ǰȷе㱻Ʒɸˣǻ֮ؼ۷ľΪֻҪﵽ˾ûмֱûмǰٷ֮ٵĲ֮ô
ţҪȥ죬˵ѶеģҲûеɵĵزҪɵĵص㶼ݣʱ˵һȽϼڶ
һ£Ҫһ֮ڸϵɽ壬һǧ꺮̶ʱں̶֮׻һ滨ϻΣ˻дãζҪȡֱܺã
ڶ£ȥһ˲ͬһ汦Ҫ鷳ȡأ汦ѾֻͣǷλһֱƶû취׼ȷȥҲƽæҵţȫЭ㡣
Ʒɽ·ֱ˵ƺֻȡˣɰҫ֮󣬷¾ûƷ˵ô򵥡
ǰ滨汦Ӧûб֪ڵİɣҫһѪʵ
ȻƷɶ˵֣ôҪõҲȻ·ߵҰҰǰժõģԵǾͲ˵ˣػҲԲʲôѰɫ
Ҳ˵£ҫҪ˳ɣôͱҪһһվУѶȷǳĴ˵䲻ģһĿܣҫҲʶһ㣬Żô޼ɵĿʵ
ţСӵķӦҲҲ٣Ҷֶһֻػޣ˵ҲǲСĿ飬˵㽹ͷöǿ϶ģƷɼҫͨ͸Ҳʲôû˵Ļȫг
ðɣ߾ȫΪǰô£ֻǣǰҲҪϾûа׳Եͣǰи׼ʲôöôҫһڴӦֻƷɿɲ޳ģҲͰҫԴ񾭵Ʒ̸ô̸ҪˣΪɵ
СӣӿæͨӵΪֱԪ񣬸Ҹ̸ɣƷɻһתŭ죬һɼ产˵ɱвĿǣҫʶ֮С
ǰǻʵһĺϾطϵرһҪȥɽ۷ȥʱַҵʱȻҪһĶսҪҵ㶯еɾɣ
ҫװһּ޹ֿĿǣȻû̫ƷɵɱвҲǣȻƷæȻǷǰҫ첻ɣôɱҫ˳ܣҲ޿ɺǵġ
СӣȻŲ㣬㹻ҵķ緶һٸĺˣôٲģ£ȥģƷɻסҫҲֻЭһ΢ԹĿص
Ѿ۷ô񣬸ܲھͰͻϾԲľ񹦣ھ񹦵ĸ׶ΣܴܲﵽԼ컯ˣƷɻһ䣬ҫϲ
񹦱ڰ۷ҲһˣÿڳھİٻѨʱܻһϵĿ©Уûֻȥȫûпͻơ
ƷԼͻƣôҪﵽԲĵھжѣֱ׾١
ʱһǿܴͨҫԪ뵤֮ڣҫĵ֮ڵľŭ˿һ㣬˲ʮ࣬һҪűĸоʵǲ²졣
ʱİҫһſɲûƤÿһƤֳһֳ֮ɫ¡𣬲ûƤѡ
˵Ǳ״̬µԼǿ׳ĳңȻǱͻȻǿʮľԳܣоʱԱըǡ
СӣΪôͻƣһҪӺúţʮϢ֮ٳھİٻѨľ񹦣㽫вСĺôȻ̲סĻǻǵŶƷ𣬾İҫûжˡ
Ŀ죬ԼƷɵܣӦϾˣֻҪ̹ʮϢʱ䣬һɣھܵпǶֵõģǺҫҧּ˵ʹࡣ
ʱ֮İ׾ǼˣҫͻȻѾŵǲвеģټͻı仯ֱȴûκʵԵİ취԰ﵽҫ
ǲ֣ʩչѧþϰٻ֮࣬ǰŻʼձǲһ޲ߵĸо
ڰ׾˴һֹʱĴˣǲҪڰĵĴո֮ʣŻŰҫ׽ӰȻըѣƺһϯķû
ҫ׽Ӱû֮С


ʮ Ƹ죡Ĵ׶Σ
𺣷ӿΨҫ׽˶ɵˣ׾ΪֱܲģǰĻ¶ȣֲˣͲܳܵģ÷ݶΪ
ǳ񾳵İ׾֮֡ӳֻ壬Ҳܳһ֮ڣ漴ҵѹ˵أĴ
ֳȺԽԽ࣬ʼձҵֱ뱣ֲɢڸС硢껡Ҷ¡Ϲ溵ϵ֮ҲͬĲУȴ޲ߣİҫЩһ˫ֱҧҧˡ
ֶˣ¸ҫҫڳ񹦵ھͷǧҪκ˴ŵǰϣҲҪˣ˶ɢ˰ɣøʲôʲôȥ˭ͻƣ԰ģδħϵ˾Īͷ졣
ڰĻոʧһ˲䣬׾֡ױƮ顢ա˫Ŀһɣͬʱ𣬷ֲڻ𺣷ԲλϥĻ֮𣺡κ˲ÿ˵֮ڣɱޡ⣡
һ£׼˼屬һɼ产˵ɱÿ˵н׺ޱȣ˵ĻԼϰ֮ǰľ棬ȫһ˿֮⡣
˾պԼ껵ˣҲͬǹԹˣϹȻмΪǣҰҫİΣҲ侲֪ԼҲ޲£ֻܸȥ
Ϣҵʱ䣬𺣱Ե˰׼⣬Ѿûһ˴ڣ˶ҿֻΧԶһСҲҡͷ뿪ȥԼ£Χۡ
׼ҲûеǲʿһͬػΪΪڹϣκ˶ŲֻԼѪֵܡֵΣ˵ǽС΢Źκһ˿Ӱ쵽ҫͻƵĿԡ
ʱڻ𺣵Ĵҫ֫չ˫Ŀ󣬿ڳ΢ţӿ۶ڱǣҫ˲ͣĲţϵѪƤպ˵Ⱥ쾧Өȥ䲻
һԵĳǴ粽Ƶڰҫߣ˫ĿһգգĽŰҫ͸¶һ˷Ī֮ɫ
ߡˡţҫּ˵ʹ࣬ȫƾһ־֧ŵڣʮϢĹ˵ֱ꣬ɾǿ뱾ֵڣлĬʱš
ʮҫĬѵʮ¡
~~~~~~~ʮϢһ׽һ߿С
ʱ𺣶Ȼ䣬ʼٻĴᣬĴİҫ漴˳һչʹľȫͨ񹦵ǰ˴ѨλֱͷİٻѨ룬˳ƶͨɡ
ҫɵһ̣ܻѾֻҵֱ룬ҫһ𣬻ΪһֱƷת쫷Űҫֱǧ׸߿գȾҫϽ֮һƲ㣬γһƬΧĻơ
ϵ˶ˣŵ콾Լ׼˶ˣƳһƬ涼Ӱ֮ɫǰѤĿľɫڳ˶еĿɷϣյİҫյĻƸ죬Ȼᴫ
ҫͿգ̹ޱȣѨ׹֮ͨڰ֮ʱǿı࣬ʵ֮ǰǿ߳ϣͬʮޣֱ̥ǡ
ڰҫ׹֮ʱȻһԼĳ̶ȣھ谭𣬾Ҿţ۳ſŻű鲼֮ϣƥѹ棬γһֻ֮أ˺ƾ£ݡ
ָоˬԲˣҫһԼͻƵĵھָоˬޱȡ
ԲС죬ûʶ񹦲ûеô򵥣ھֻĴ׶ε𲽵ˣԲԶأƷɵ𣬺ĴƮƮȻİҫ
ҫһ飬ʶӣ̧ͷעԼĳ׽񣬸æأٻص׽֮ջؾ˫ĿƷչ
ҫٶҲԭΧİ׼ֵͣ˽Ų㿴ҿ㣬ֿĿдʵİҫʵе㲻ԣҪǰѰҫ˭֪׽񵥳һɨ˻˱ƿ˸ˡ
ҫѾͻϣڸһغҪ˴ĵٴ𣬰׾˻Ȼ򣬱˴˶һۣ˵ͷΪҫҫôվм䣬Ʒɼš
Ҽǵõޱʱǰָйؾ񹦵ĹؼһԪ̩Է£޵ʮͨһ̩оӦþ˵Ĵ׶˰ɣҫʵ
ţԻĴ׶룬˵˵һ֮ĵһ׶Σﵽ׶֮ͿԿʼеһʽˣʱɣ˵вСĺô
һ֮󣬱Ǿ̩ﵽ׶εʱ򣬾ҲǰԲˣǾеǿһʽ˫ƣҲʽʼϰˣȻʱҲҪΪ˫ֻһΣɹȻǺãʧܣɡ
ھǣһЩĶ㻹̫Զﵽ̩ʱȻͻ֪ˣƷһ˵񹦵ھ֮ǰ׶Σںʱ˸ӣһ
ʮأ޶ۣʵ벻ʲôоԷ£޵ʮͨʮһʲôĽ׶ΣҾҪ£ǵǲҫһʵؼ
Ȼֻڵ㲻Ҫ֪ô࣬Щʱ֪ˣҲδǺ¡ʮҪѧãʮܳܵģҪܣֻƾһż֮ȫģֻѡ
֮Ǿ仰ʱ֪ˣ˵Ҷ˵ˣҵҲάֲסˣȵСӣסȶٶ֣߽ȱһɣҪ̫嶯ˡ
£ͺãҲ̫ǿСʱߣҲͰʱչһ᲻㣬ҪǵĽˡԾڴˣúñأ´μ棬ҿҪúõļһĳɼҪʧŶ
ƷҲҫػĻᣬ˵ֱӶϿҫҫ˫ۣѾ޷ٸƷɽпʼĬĬƷЩйʮĻ
~~~~~~
׽һУӶưҫҫعľϲ֮ɫŽȭ͵ִˣҫл
~~~~~~
׽Ӧص˦˦ͷ˻˫ᣬƺڱʲôҫˣŤͷŰ׾ֵʵǸǣ˭ﰡ
ռ֮ڣŭĿĪƣסһнâ֯ɵĽȻһ˺򳹵˺ٱ飬ͬʱڻˢǰӽɳƷɡ
ƷɣղȻѾԣǾ͸ҹ
СĪôôʡİ~~~~~


ʮһ ռеĶսϹĽ棡
ռ֮ڣĪƷħ񣬸ֲˣҲֲ£Ļ֮ǰ񶼸ճʱǰƵᣬΣڵѾһͷȪɱײϣǰİҫȻõķй
ڻױҫݲȵ̧ұۣƶ׼һһգƺ£âֶ֮ϸܽâƲ˿һн֯һޱߵᾢذɡ
ۼԼһб⣬ĪЦһ˫һһ֣Ǳ˲䱻͵ʮϣһ˼޵ʱпըķ顣
Ʒ̾Ϣһҡҡͷֳɽָָֽһ壬һɿһ࣬ͨܲư˫ľŽ۶Žɳ֮£˽ǿ񱩵ıֹͬʱĪơ
ϹŽԯа
ϹŽϹʮ֮һΪʮʥ˼ʮʮûȺ˳֣֮ÿһԼԯаɽκԱ֮ʩ
Ʒɵһ˵ǽǿһĪıȥʵԣǣĪҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣҪ˵¼仹˭ʵϸƷ൱ǾͷĪҲֻһ
ۿƷйͣƷɵлҪǿĪưֲҴ⣬֮Ϻڱ׻ڽֳһֹĪɫһӣܵһжֹˡ
־ֹķΧֻҪ۾ܿĵطȫͣסˣռеĿռ籩ǰѾߵĹŽҲƷջصֱۣеһжֹˣΨĪһ˿0.1ʱж
ڱ죬һأʱͣ0.1룡
0.1ܸʲôһͨҲգһƤǶһͨ˵أӦÿԶһ佣ҪǶһ˾˵أӦÿԸһˣǶĪ˵أ㹻ɱκˡ
ʱֻͣ0.1룬գһۣʱȥˣռڵķ籩ɿֲޱȣǣűĹŽǿƥֻûйĪƣôֱķˣĪѾԭλˡ
ʱ˿̵ĪƷɵͷֱһ̧Ʒɵͷ­˳һȭ£ȭ潻űֽȻ෴£һɷ·ҪһеĿֲȭ֮Ʒɵϡ
аȭ
ĪðڱܶһУ˳ƷƷأΪⷽعϵǿߣҪǾôĪһȭǾĲûˡ
ȻĪƵһȭֲ֮ؼһΰɽؼһûκζ⣬ȻҲҪвС
һȭ͸Ʒɵͷ­Ʒɵٶ̫ɵĲӰһӰΪĪ΢Ц֣кõ֮һεɫľȥΪ졣
ϹŽӰñ䣡
Ӱñ䣬֮űѳӰΪԽߣԽ࣬ԳƵ⻯ˣȻÿӰֻбİٷ֮һʵܴﵽˡ
ĪüһӣװױһɨƷɵķӰ̼䱻𣬶Ʒɵǰİ֮⣬ʼնһִݲȵƣ·һж֮С
СĪ㻹ڶǰƷɵȻһЦʵ
ƷɣòȻĹ֣ҪԴСҲ㺦СɲҪĹĪһ֮ǿȻռеĿռ籩ѹһΪ֮ߣֱ˼
鷳ǳĥˣһÿħʱǰһЩĪ£ȫԵҵͷϣҵʲôǳͲСɵҲңʱҶֳòãƷɺεķ˷ۣš
Ī׶ıԿԷ仰ûȥɳԼĻУʱĪƵ˼άѾ޾ıŰʶƷУжɱֻ֣֮һͷǾǰƷɴҡ
ڽƱ磬СɲУҲѴ̣УĪҪΪԼϹʮ͸ˣģҲᣡĪһŭ⣬һչ˫ȭ񽻲γһɼ͵ı籩ĪƵû
ǷĹԵģСĪʹʲôУҾͲ֪ôǲǷħ֮䶼ûˣе껹ǧŪأڿٴʩչǷɲ갡ƷҡͷһЦ˵
Ʒ֮Իĸ̾ΪĪƵıʱĪ֮ǻ빲ֵܣڱƲ֮£ħ壬˵ǷصΣ˾ȴ޷԰αħţֱһ̣Ҫҷӡжȹ
Ҳ˵ĪƵʽƷɽָƣĪʩչϹʮ֮һʱеĪƣн֣˫ͫһһףɢһֻɵĻ
塤ʷ
Ϲʮ֮һ塤ʷ壬Ĵ߶»ں֮󣬽һ֮һ޶ĵĻܣ֮
֮ļӳ£ĪսѾһ൱ֲĳ̶ȣɽʲô£˵⾳֮ǿƷɶеһ˿ѹ֡
ƷɣղǾ˶ϰɣĪƽƷɣĮ˵
İɣ˭һٴηӡģƷ΢΢һЦڻص
룡ĪޱЦһ
ҼǵϴҲô˵ģҵϣƷ޼ɵķĪƣƺʮİգܽתǿһͿĪ¡
ĪһŭȣγˣܵĿռ籩ѹ˺һڵһ㣬ֱƷɶȥ
ۼĪͣƷǸ߸𣬴һаЦ˫Ŀһһ˫ͫ죬Ȼתֻ˫ָȻƺȫûгֵĴ㡣
ɾ֮ͦԵ޹ʵһҵƷɵܣһȦȦкڶÿһڶģԻһīƥľͽâһʱڽâ˷Īüͷ塣
ν£
Ī뽣â֮УҲηУƱһĽâ֮кֱײһʱ֮ĺɫâײĪȴûһ˿ܴļ󣬿ɼļӳ֣ĪȻǿһֲ˼ĵز
ƷɵȻĿǰһУĪƵʵ˵սҲȻģֻǣĪȻǿĿֲƷɵǿй֮޲⽣һҲǰ׽еġ
Ʒʼûжֵļ󣬿νڽâȴȻһҽâ֮ǰֹĪѾ֮ǰǰ׵ı齣âʱ˿̵Ѿʼе㼱
ƷĪƣǿˣսռ֮УҲֻܾܵǶ˽ʱྡྷ԰ԷֵܣҲӲ˵İţչһ֮սν컯ŪˣĪڴˡ


ʮ ҵĵһžۣ
ħҫǣҫһεĿǰ񿴹ƵĿԼԼֳƾ춯أҫǣǵЩ˾ɲҲġ
ҫ㣬ħŵ콾ǣ껡ϹҶ£ʮ˵Ŀȫۼڰҫһϣ˵ҪԼ͸һ㣬İҫֱë
ڰҫҪк֮ʣҼϵһֻƴĽɫС񣬺ܲһСһӣһ˾𣬷ѹǰȫɨɣ漴ǼСðҫգ
ˣˣ֪кܶҪʣﲻ˵ĵطȰǰľסԺȥסĵطİɣУСˣŪʮҫǰʮ˱ɨɣôֻ飬˵
ƣҪסʲôƣ߶߶ʱħѾȫˣǿڸʲô˽׽Ҳǰû㣡ǽɫСû֣ǰʮҲǸ֣ɨ֮󣬼尲Ȼأûһ˱˵ڵǰƮ顣
ˣһƬãΪʲôҪˣթɣҫüֹ
ܼ򵥣Ϊˣһͳɤ֮䣬һһƮ䣬ͬĻħŵİ
μ
밲
һһŮֳ֮˰׾˼嵥ϥ¹򣬱ȭǰĸСˣĿһ۰׾֣ᣬкħ콾Լ껵뿪Ҳûжʣ֪˽̸Ű׾뿪ֳ
ʱҫˣӾȻøԼһģһǱ˪Լ΢ʣӸҫа˷ϵƶȣҫ͸оԼڿһԼƵģһš
òصһ˲䣬ֱ壬գԵҫǰ˫һչҫ뻳У޺ҫҵҫ㣬ˣҵıӣôˣ׺úÿ
Сһߺſǻһ߰ŪŰҫԴϲͣҿŵðҫҪ룬ȴȻķԼȻռ֮סˣӲҲܲá
ҫΣҲֻ̹ȻСİŪԷȫûж⣬ֻһַǳŨҵǸΣ˼Լػ֮⣬һĸĸ׶ԴԼӵְ⣬ҫܹܵ
ףҵˣħ֮ҫըգۣǰֵͣСָָָָԶһȴֹ˼ݣûǰӵҫİģڵ
ţҫĸĸ֪һʱѽʵҲܲǣϾѾʮ꣬ܲҲӦõģǻȣȵתλãҲþǵһȥֲʮġĿռ䴫ҫɻû˵꣬ҫĻе㲻֪
û˵ǰҫ˿ܣС֮ϲǾ°ҫԼʱչֳһַǳĮ״̬ɰҫûˣ̹Ȼ˶˵ݣ⵹֮ģʵ־ϲ
ģԸǣʶĿڵڼ֮£һҫߣץסҫļ򣬴ϲ
ǰҵ븸ʵȻǽʮ֮ãҲǵĿԣҸùǣѪԵϵĹϵݲҲϣҵĸһ㣬ӹɵģҫ˵ͷֳһַǳ״̬İСеĻϲ֮Ըӡ
ʵҫôһˣȻ˵ҫ԰С˸ûһ˿ĸڣǰҫĵһֱѪϵ궯ʱ޿̲ԼӦǰˡ
ԼȻĵһӦǰҫ˳ȻϾ͵ԽɴԽãʲôһ޶ϵҪǧٿϻ˵ɱ˰ҫʮΪΪǲݣΪ̫ˡ
ҫŵһİ취ΪҲԲˣʵΣҴ㣬˶£Ϊһ˾͹ˣʹܻܵİҫļ𵱳־Ѿ˾һվɲκβᣬֻнҫһ;
ǰɣʵⷽػܽƵ̶ֳôǵжǿеԭŻὫµģҫǺʵ
֮ǰڽŵʱ򣬰ҫѾҶ̽йħѶϢĵʵǲö˵ģⷽǿߣܹǿֵľ֮ӱҲ뻯۷ˮƽ˵޵ڵܰƵĿ»ûˡ
ҫ֪ˣΪ˲뻯۷ȭҵʱֻ뻯۷壬ڰ϶뻯ĸ֮£ûһɱƷɼʱϵŰҽΧսҹһصԭǸطʱѾʧ٣ҪѰȴޱȡ
Ÿ꣬Ҳ˶Դ˼׼ûκ֪ҽ룬Ϲʮ򷨟oµͻڱչأҾôһ˴Żе㣬ȥɽˮȥˣԮ֮£㱻Ǵ˸šĽǵ渵
ҫ֮ü˼ʲô̰ԴԼȥ棬òԼ£ðҫиеޱȵĺգеЦãðɣԼ׵ʱҲûûεĶһ
ҿҪɣڵʱԣȰƺȫ꣬ȥϻԷһģҲһЩҪȥɡҫع񿪿ڵ
ҲãεħŴҵʼٸߣаа񡯳޼СѾ»ҪŶкܶҪţҫϻԷǣæϾ͹žۣҲúøǽʮôãһܹžۣһҪúõİѾƳ̸һ΢ЦصҫͻѾһ֣˵泩ĺܣȻüЦ
๫ҫһᣡСĿŰҫͷҲ˵еľ֮鼫ԡ
ףûµģȥæ°ɣȥϻԷǣλң˲ɣҫ΢Ц˵СǾַĵ飬ůޣһοڽһס
һסеСģ˵ĲûιȥڰҫͣĴߴ£ȥⳡҵĺˣԼһˣڵᣬҫأ
ϵĽɫСͣŰҫգûãԼĲ֮飬Ϊˣ֮£ҫصϻԷȰСڸãȻԼΣա
ڰҫյϻԷ֮ԭҲߵҹϻԷʰһأһеҲû䣬һ˹ĵһֽҫӹһˣ
ϢǱϻ׻ҪãҫչһЦֽдţҫ磬ڿɽׯľַ̨Ŷ


ʮ پף׼ҵѧ
ƻ裬ϻԷյϻԷ𵱳ҫ콾ʱҪ֡
ħⳡҹȥ֮ϻԷķĺӪܹ֧˶ӣԭϻԷͨȫ֮еѾˣȫܵŲˣгһУ԰ҫ
ϻԷǰǰÿһ䣬ÿһ򣬾é޶Ѳ˸ףԷʲô©ֻʲôص͵͵ǱУ԰ҫ
ʱͬգϻԷ˻ǰҫǵҫݳع֮ǾͲ֮ǰԴˣǰҫݣֻǽȭſҲһŵأҫ˭
ħ֮ĵӣڰҫСһĸȻǰٰ۰ǧ谮ټ佭ܾСʹ֮࣬ҲȻὫ䵱һӱ谮
Ҳ˵񼯺ǧ谮һİҫۺñȻһֱҲʲôεӰֻĽɢʿͳħţ֮İ׼ү
Ȼҫνİ׼үͷһ㶼ȤԼڽϵš졯ָӸȤΪ֣ԼһʵģûκˣֿԼƴĶǰҫϲġ
εǣҫصϻԷ֮Щŵӵܣŵķֲ׼ҵļҳǣֻһʱڣﲻƺƵǧˣ˵ҪݷðҫҫģʵҲͽֺõġ
Կҫ뷨ֻ˻ôȥѣЩӵв׵ʵԼͬԼλ콾ǲŻľ򣬾˾պ㣬껵ˣǿصľǰҫıʵ
ⷽͻȻմ֮ЩķУ˱Ȼһʵʱֺ㣬⽭ϣؼ䣬ȱľˡ
԰ҫ¶һ£ľˣ˵ԼݲͬˣɴӵˣɾǰԵʱ򣬶ˣҫҲǲмΪ顣
ǺҫһºλٷǣҸʲôɣԼЩȫˣλٷһһ˾¶˵ȫ·׾ٵĽЩ֮ͽ֮⡣ǧҫҲûųɾŵ˳˸Ÿ
ʣµЩˣǰҫˣħŵ콾ǣοپˡ
ϻԷͥ԰ǰʹӼܼڽܹϵᣬ˾պԴε˵ҫһžۣǹʲô
㲻Ҫһ쵽ʲòãгкȲûƳһ˾պ㣬ڵ
ԣԣԣ֪ԣһôɲϣôԣôأ˾պʶһڣǲм
Ĺ֣ĸˣҪ㵲һƣκϺˣĹ֣ھ
˾պһ仰ȼͷĸŭ𣬶˾ʵԩңһһŭһԣٴͥ԰һɱҲǼֲ֣Ƕڡ
ڿǱôʦҪҫãҲܵ᲻̫ˣҾãûʲôҪкܲԼʦΪ˵˽ƾĶΪûҪȥӭϣ
ڿ΢΢һЦǳΪʲôʣԷڿ֮ģʮûӴȫַͨǳǳԵĽ֮⣬п˵һϲͨڿҲûʲôӲм֮⣬Ǹ⡣
֣ý黳ЩǰԼȥ±ɣĲҪôģڿ΢ЦصҲ˼һҲ벻ʲôȻ˵ͷٶ롣
ͥ԰һռؼļɽ֮ϣܲһº͵⣬һԼ˯ʱ䣬ֻһΡ
׿ˣ
ȻȻڼͶУҲǽܲʧܣʤ˱ҳ£һǿıȽ͸Ҳûһ겻
ʵеԩԼͶĻҲ̫ѿʤֻ̬ʵ
ţܲ˫ͷڼɽϵһƽ̨Ҳȥ˵ͷӦ
ʤأܲѵߣʵ
ӮһУĽΪԣоPĳ̶ȣֻҵİܹڣţȻܲѱ˫ۻص
׿ƺɵӣʵ׿ʵͶǲضãܲѵϢϿжϳҲûʲôˣʵ֮ǿԶ
ԭѾôǿˣҿڵʵ¸뻨綼Ķְɣ̾ϢһһȻ֮ɫ
䵶ӦñҸӮҪ֮󣬲֪ˣûȤǽ֣ʹ˷ǶֲɵĵزֻҪǲɱңҲ̫ģܲ˸˫ۣڻص
Ϊʲôһжںͼ䵽׺ãüܲ˲Ҳ˵̬е㲻ҹͬΪһֺû־ĸо
ôҪô㹻ԱͿˣ˵ֻ͹ˣܲ΢Цҡͷ˵ɪȣһ²׵ĸо
ðɣ˸־Ҳǿô۹Ҹҫʵж󣿡ʵҲʵص㡣
˵Ƕ˵һμʱһ˵ʤ߳ϡǲμӰս֮ôʤҲֻңڵĻҪӮɶûˣܲѷǳֱ׵Ŀ˵üûǨŭܲѵֱףֻ԰ҫɳٶȶеȻѡ
һĬ֮ܲѵ˵ͷ漴ȥȥʱһ˵ζҪȥ֤ʲôƵģֱܲҡͷֵܣʮĽˣĺһ䣬ӮôҪô
ȥû̫˵ע⣬˻⣬ʱĻкԥ֪òȥ֪ԷҪΪǰеķǰҫԷö룬ȥҰҫɱ֮ˡ
ڻвֳͣҫԼݺǸģԼʱһ˲信ӣҧҧһ𣬽׷ϡ
ʱİҫԼԷڣԼЦĵ裬ԼѳɽһߵѧţɰСֵݳȻڶҪ
ҫҸеţҰ׼ҵѧҲֻҰ׼ֱϵѪײܹɹľ΢Ц˵
ǰ׼ҵ˾Ͳô
ȷʵˣʹţķھҲûãûǰ׼ҵѪ˵ġ


ʮ ⲻΣ벻ɱһս
PS˵췲գҪ󱬷һεģǽȥˣʵǸϲдˣϻҪǾۻһ£ԭҲֻһˣʵֱǸȷż֮󣬷ԻȫԸٴαǸ
ǰɣô棡ҫʵǺĲУ˵֮治У飬ϣ˷Ī
ڽӹ˵ţһۡеǡѪԪ󷨡ҲöʲôˣԼķѪ֢йأְ׼ѪϵıȻùƣҽҲȷôġ
СϵⱾСУָ֮ΪأֱǷѪ֢ͫԼ֮һ
ʵǾһֱʽ˵ľ屾ܵһֱһߵʵͣԼΪϵͻ£䱾ĵл쳣񣬶ĴڣֵܽǰҳɱŴ
ҫеⲿǿҲһϹʮ֮һͨƷɱȣڲͬıǣǻŵһߵѪдݵġ
Ҳ˵ⲿˣֱϵѪ׽֮ǺпѪⲿԣ˵ҫңù͵ϮʱԤȷһָоⲿԱ֡
ҫϸţֿ˿һѵѧʽţ֮ٴνתذСˣԴƺʲôڵףѧôҪһЩʱյĻҰ£ɣ
ûǰ׼ҵѪ죬ǵӣѪӳ֣׵ĶˣҸ״Эչһܣѿţ֮Ϳˣ΢΢һЦڵ
ҫ㻹ʲôҪȥôˣף׶ףӽʹ׵ߣĶҪȥˣ׺úõ㣬ô֮࣡Сһѱס˰ҫһ˵ŻһֿʼӰ˵ŮˮģСһǴˡ
ۼСʹʧƣҫæס߼򾪻ʧɫװûµģǰ｣ǰȥµģǰ֪֮һľ񹦶ģξΣ֮У澭ңڽҰæһ֮أ֪ͼǴɷνף˵ûɣ
澭⵵£СˣǵһѣҪԲҲֻܷΰҫȥλ治˵򸾺ò׸ҫϣŲȥϲ顣
๫㿴Се㲻˼ĿģҲһ漴Դǵ˵ӣж־ķӦöȥ߼ǣοҫСڽѴţӦǣ
СΪѵĿһ۰ҫ˵ͷ漴ٴνӵ뻳Уɰҫȴеһ˿Ĳף˫׵ĳɺ԰
ҫΪ֧һоȥΪѡΪ˵ˣˣٴˣǾͻڲһˣ㣬Ҹףмˣҫߣִڰҫļ΢Ц˵
һ˲䣬ҫԼͷᣬ˫۲ľҪǰʼʱиܹģ飬ʱ˿ǰĶһвΣʵģΪԼͻȻʧ
ҫŰչһЦǿסỨûзӿͬʱһ΢ЦĿŰСĶ˲ԡ
ף밲ˣ
ҫ˫ϥأŰСһͷһͷСҲ̲סеˮ԰ҫ˼֮ȫһӿ޵ı滨ĶĬĬԼˮ
һĶƲסԼˣʵǿֻ죬ҲһװˣԼʧɢžۣôܲ顣
СǰҫŰҫǿӣһ߿һЦ͵ΪЦҲߵҫߣ˽΢ЦͣȻһЩʱ˵ǻᷢ˵ĵ
ҫɷһĺ⴫룬ҫûʲôӦСȴˣһ̵ķΧǶô֣ܰôǲԡ
˴徻ɣ˸£
һŭ뽿Ȼӣͬʱ𣬶˵ĻҲһֲڻ֮ʣһɺñɽѹѹȻһڵء
ҪСֻǱСʹ̬Լеʵþһȥ⣬ֻһ˲䣬ֲѹὫѹʣˣǰСͬʱͷųѹǶϷ
˵ո£ϢĹܴڳӰ˽Ǵɫһ¶˶˵Լǿס
Ǹҷͬʱʱ±ŵĻ겻壬Ĳ֪ҫ˫׾͸ҫһأһô׳գʱҰҫ֡
ʵӦõˣƫƫ˻裬һ̶ӣҲǷ˺ôһ򣬲ƽϢ˻Ľţֻôһʱ䣬ȴַǳǳ˵ǰεľ档
ô㣡ҫ⣬Ʒһ
ҫй֪ģҫҲûֻ֪ôˣƫƫʱԼϾԼĸĸɲʲôƢжš
ҲǣΪ˸ĸĸ̣͸ǰ׼ˣοǰҫ˶԰ҫ˵΢㶼ᱻȥιˣغһҪǰҫһ£ѾǸˡ
ɽŵΪˣۡСУɺͳӺôЩСصôֱ֪νҪǿʦķϣھͱ㣡ĳһȣɭıԼϿԿŭⲻС
ҫεķ˷ۣȻΪԼ׳ѹ˵ֶΣҫǱȽϵִıϾҲûʲôҪҪɱɡ
ǣҫĿԵô㲻֮飺ѽҲʲô£һʲôҪ£һʱż˲ʧҶϣûҪô棬ȥ˵ƴ󣬻Ժôڽ߰
ҫ˵֮󣬰СҲһΣҫλֳڼڳ竵ȻأҲһġ
ɰҫأĺûмƿƾҲûЩ߸ӵܵѹѹ˵£Ȼлеִһ˵ǿͨ͸
Сһۣǰߵ˵ͷڵðɣ˵Ҹ׾Ͳˣճ֮ʱĦ뾲ΪܴĶ㣬߽һǶҲ÷ģ
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦӦİ˰֣סʿ뿪漴Сת̤ռȥ
ȥ֮󣬰ҫͷЦһսǲɱˣ֣㿴⣬أ
޷ȫҫֵģ


ʮ ʤ㣡ս
ս⣬սϻԷ¥бɢϻԷеĸǶܵɺƺŭһս⣬һɱޱȣһ罾ɼս֮ݺݵĶԺһ
һ¶Ժ䣬е˶û취Լˣȫεض𣬷ֱ֮ϣɶݿ磬ֱսⱬĵص㡣
~~~~~
һӥ䣬ԾӥȻǳһֻȸСĽɫСУһɤӾȻеһģһ⻮ͷɫСѸײڶ֮ƣ˵ǰ
Ĺ˸еĿĵأɫСƺڱ˵ٶһ㣬Сͬʱ̧߰ͷ­Ʋһۣ˵ڹ궼ǿ죬һȺɢ
ŽɫСֺģҲǿЦͣûһҶԽɫСΪ۵ü׽һӾͱֻɫСģ
Ҳ˵ǰֻɰĽɫС񣬾Ϲʮ֮һĳ׽񣬷սʱ̬ȥСǿɰϹޣǷս̬Ҳѹǰζ۵ģҲ˶εԭ
ͻ𾢣ǰҫڽְɣ˾պվһ֮ϣŲԶǲǱˣڵ
ֻһһļԹбˣܲѽӹ磬ʱԵе죬˫ĿŲԶһһĹ͸һ˿ʧ
ȤͷҪһܲˣ˵˭ʤȽϸһ㣿ڿһƵЦݣڵ
ҿðҫСӹոͻƣĹȫһģֱ͸Ϊһˮƽ۷սѾǰһǿˣ˾պЦƺ԰ҫġ
ҲôΪҫȻȻոͻƣδ죬Ѿ¯񺮱ڹҪռţοٽ۷״̬˪ȭƣᲢãؼ汸ҫʤҲôȥ
˵Σôһĸ˾պ̧ܣ˵ĻҲоݣĺ͸һĺ
ʵҲ˵ǷĻҫȽռţһ̵ķ쳣ľˣʵԱƽʱǿϺüֻǵıдĻǶ˵ĲӦԶ˵ᶷƽ֣Ƴһ۵ıĶײڵҫӴ֣Ҳ֣ĿҲȽ̡
Ҳûҫֱӽ֣ǣҪ˵ĳɾǱĻұȽϿðҫģɵ˵ȫĲ⣬ȻҲܿðҫ
ηΨԵúܳĬǳ׽һϵģ֮ǰһȥǰòԶ
ʱĻһãȻĿŰҫ֮ļսֻڿŰҫʱȴһֱ㺣԰ҫĸо˵һ顣
ȴĺܣУɻ԰ҫȴʼ޷ҫһһһһʽжԵ쳣Ŀˣľ˶еˡ
磬Ϳ԰ҫڵݵλǲܱģһˣһɢʿûų̂ɱҲɱˣɽʱͬգҫΪħӣ׼ҵү˲Ҳﲻ𰡣ϣзִɣ
СҲڳʱеڽˣ԰ҫʱյݵλǺɽңǵﲻĴڡ
½㣬ʲôʱҲӵдʵһ֮ϣϹҶ²Ϲһ˫ĿһգգĿǰս£ʵһ䲻ĪĻ
ҽŵصҪﵽҫʵѧһܳɣҶµ˵ͷڻص
ܰɣǣܳΪڵصҲǴҵĻᣬҵʵڴˣĻᶼûУұҪٵĽ˵ϵĳ̶ȣҲҪڹؼʱܹɵó
ԣҾһ׷ŴŲһͬα齭㵱ѾҲɣԼסֻ˵ҵܣһоݣϹޱ˵Լͬᶨޱȡ
С溣ɲǶϱһҶһ˴ģ㻹ĺãҶȰ
ѾϹ溰˰֣̾ϢһĸҲ˰ҫĶУȻһЦ
ʱ˿̣ҫսѾ˰Ȼĵزȭ˫ȭĽʹãѾﵽһֵǷ켫ˮ׼ˣ񺮱溮ޱȣһѪᱻᣬʵڿֲ
ҫأʵҫԸҲԼԭģ뿴Լ񹦵ھĹжǿǷԵƷôߵۣԵˡ
Ǿ񹦵ھĶжǿҪȽϵĻôǰϣԵھƶȫǳɼαӣʽã绢ʹΪҫҲԾ൱ѷָ¡
գʽǿĿֲҾҫʩչǶһЩǳı仯ʽһƷƵָж֮ʩչ쾡£ҪӮװ뵽Ҳͣ
ֻһڣӸ£һǵأñȺһ಻ҫ·׷֮ܵľﶼһ˪ѩƼ侪ˡ
ƣѩأ
ͣҫҲ壬˫ֱһչ˫֮˲֣Ž֯һǳ̫ͼΣǿᾢжһɶ׾ٵĻһУθƫˡ
Ųƣ
УѪңнʱԵûޱȣУڲһʮɣŲƵᾢǣ£Ѿ¶еĺȻ֮飬ҫж֮֮ǰûͷۡ
Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵƣӦ֮ĶӦզ࣬ɽŵһ콾֮
ֻ˫ȭȭ׾ǿľˣȭƱ׶һ㣬һ;ƷȭֱֱѸѵƿ籩һ㣬˺ŲƵ㣬ҫȥ
˪ȭռľѹ
еһʮᣬ˵Ҳ򵥣ھԵǰκλεʽͬ裬߽⣬һ˪ȭֳһ㣬磬׺ƥ֮ǿޱȡ
ȭȻҲҴˣ֣һоСҫͺһЦս쳣ȡ
ۼǾȭƷѹ˫һԣ񹦵ıѻ𾢷ɢ֮Һޱȣ˫Ŀռ֮УһŹԲһĻԵøĿ


ʮ Īᣡñչˣ
ڻ۶һ˲䣬ȭӰ˲ɢԲһ֮ڣѵҫ˫һ漴ƳеĻڵһ㣬ֱٶȿľˡ
ڰҫһ֮ʱѾ׼һоյĶоޱȣգٶȻ죬ûСֻʱյƤʹޱȣ׸ס汻У˲𡣡
ļʱûбУаҵһ̣һдƫİҫǵû¶ʲô֮ɫ߸ǣ˫ĪĻһ١
磡㣡
һСƺһɤӣеǲ⣬Ѿôʲôɽһ룬ܵ˼˵ʹһɼֲļ𾢳ױ·һ㣬ƽɡ
ʯһ˲䣬ҫ˫Ŀһ˫ּٻسȫأɢȥ˫Ŀһ˼ĿŰҫˣЩΧ۵˶ˡ
еп֣пŵڳҲֻСơҶϹ˿⵱еڣȻ԰ҫһջػ𾢣еŶĿ˸֪һʲô
ŰҫԼշѾﵽ΢ĵزҲ˵ųȥÿһʮʮշš
൱һߴһʮȻһʮɹʵֻа˳ɵųңһЩ̫ˣֻ߳ɵĹȡ
ǰҫأʮɾʮɹÿһֵĹֶĿѾﵽĵزе΢ϸµֶΣν΢ˡ
Ȼ˾պǶ԰ҫʵж΢ɲʲôѧʽڹķطʲôģһԼĿƣʲô˶ӵеģһ
ɰҫأջػ𾢵ʱԼˣµĲԼһǳԺ𣺡ҫϲڸղŵһӣͻƳ˼Ľޣﵽ˼ĳ̶ȣ
˼гҫ˼άͨĻشҲǷǳļˣݶĻ⣬ѾͻƵһһǧͬʱ˼΢Ѿ׳͡
΢
ҫüͷ˼˵İֻͻͻвһ˿ķɣбף΢Ȼõǣ϶Ҳı׶ˣƽ޹ʵͻƣڰҫ˵Խ̬ȥԴ
Уܵȵˣھ͵ñչأúһԼϵеˣӶ̫ãҫô˵Լţ˳˼֪˾պ˿ŷӦ
ҫ֣˷ʤˣķڷӽ֮ĳԹ㳹˽ˣ£ʹգǰȭ˵
ǽǰ˵õĲͷҫӮ׷֮ҫҲ򵥣ȻҪлķھ˵˫Ķ
ү֮ǰ۲ʶ̩ɽ֪үײүүҪ黳ǣй£ʵʦʱѾ˵׷ҵȺˣүˡСҲǰһΡΡ˵
ҫʵǿǿ߽ύȫˣ令̵ĸǣСЩ亹ʪ˱
ˣСˣĻеһμҫ֮ʱʢˣ°ҫˣǳԲ˶ߣ˭סʱڵһθҫ֮Ψһһɱ֮˰ҫҪҲǺģԼ¾ڽˡ
ѽĪᣬҶˣԺҲүǰүģǰҫȻȷʵǰ׼ҵˣһϣܰҵɣǰǸ졯ҫǰ׼ҵүұȽϲǰƺţȥζʮ㰡ҫǳȵĴŹ֮ǰЩֲֻᣬȻû̫һ¡
Ҿ˵ɣûôСô˾պʼһҺ˽ҫģ˵ЦСƿЦһҡҡͷҫԼԵеխˡ
ҫҾӦ̱չزǣݺɤԻ磬һ˵ȫۼϣȻɴ棬ȫʱı飬Ȼ߷ޱȡ
磬׳ôô֪鰡ҫһЦԴڵ
һ£˵ٴתؼаҫСȴˣҪɴ棬ɱڵĶˣֻǱҫְ뿪ЦʽĵЦвգһ˿ϲ
Ǹ˵ĶԣȷʵҪʼչˣкܶණҪβˣֻܵ´ΰɣҫɨ΢Ц˵
շԺеʱۣڶ˵ʵͷȴգ֮ʱǻҪͷúôţأ˾պһƤЦģߵʵڣû˾պĽŹǲ顣
ҫ˵ͷ΢΢һЦǰڶʶſһеľ콾Ȼ˴ʶûжǰҫֺĪĸоǰƱ˽ΪպĳĹؼһԾһֱĸо
֮ⳡԭΪҫ׼ĴҲûожãŰҫ볡ҲȻζȥҫҲԼλ㣬ԼȥĦ롣
һȥħ̳ʥĦ룬Ҳϼܲ׼ҿ֦ɢҶ࣬һȽӴļ壬ԭѪŸĳİϼ壬⵱лһѰζ¡
ӴİϼҲĴһ⵱еĹĶǣթҲͬٲˣֻһڰĵ£ҲССְˡ
Ȼһиҫ޹أҪǣĽսŪףϾҫһľȷʵеˡ
񶼴ʥศϵͳͫһЩǱãʱʱɱһʽоԼãڼİ׼󶥼
ҫĶҲӣҪ˵Ҳ;⹦ǿɾǷ켫ĵزԶҲýűչغúõһżգͳһԼѧ֮ܷںΪһĿܡ
Ħ룬ħ󣬰СѾڵȺ򣬶ϥۼҫǻһЦҫո̤⾲֮ͻȻüͷһ壬оĿռе㲻̫һ
ɣתٶȱɣѪúѣ￴ȥķûж󣬵ܸһֺ޴ĸоֵĵطҫʶ뵽
⾲󣬾ûпȥô򵥡


ʮ ڰ꣡ȣ
ҫӦܲ쳣ɡ΢Цʵҫ˵ͷǰһϥ£ҫ񣬰СнϲҫԽԽϲ
ǸףǱôңĿռ乹ƺ̫һÿռ֮İɣҫʵ
ĵ˵ͷ΢ЦҸΪģĿռƵʱƵΣżĲ죬ʱԱǶʮһΪűչ죬ʵȴչ൱ڰĹ⾰Чʡ
ռϣӦҲܸоתࡢѪж൱ڡ
൱ڸһĳһ콫ж֮ĸʶһܴߣͨߵǿ壬߽Եģû˵ɣҫЦǺǵĴ˰ĵĻ
ǰҫŪȲҪʼˣֱأ죬ͬһܻ꣬Ҫࡣ
԰ҫѰͲסе˷֮飬ҪúõģȵĽȥԼʵΪԼĶǿֲûǿʵԱܣ͸ػˡ
ҫһ䣬СЦͣҲ΢ЦҫļЦҫȻǹˣһΪһ㣬ֻǡ
ԭЦ崺һİģ˳ڰҫĺ˸Թϱһ˵ΪǰͲҪŪˣôģҲҪΪһ治ǣ
ҫӣɦɦףֺǺǵĵͷĸо÷ǳȻҫаģԼҪػǰһУ¸ԼΪּҵĸоʵģκƻκ˶С
ˣԹҫúñչأȻκҪĸǾͿˣѾ˵ˣʱĲǲ浽Ŷʲô׵ĵطھУһ룬ǾͻϵˣСȻһЦŰҫ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷȫ˺ΪԼʵأ㵹Ǹж˰ҫϾ׼ҵ⼸λɲֺеÿ˶ԼҪܿճҲֻаҫһֵôˡ
ҫǡѪԪ󷨡Լ澭ֳţ㿴֮ǵ٣ˣ˵ֶҲһᣬ㿴֮Ҳһٵĵһӣװ鼮Ʈɶڰҫǰ
ҫͻȻ𵱳Լ׾ֵһμʱԷȷʵһֻԼ˿ѣǸæСȡһüͷ΢΢
磬ҵһȷʽҫüͷžݣڵ˵ʵڵԼľ·зɰ׾ָԼ·ȷô밡
ŶʽͦʺģֶˣĿһ۰ҫеľᣬЦ
ʽôҫԷʵ
㿴ȥ֪ˣ˸ӣЦ
ҫ˵ͷܱԼ׿۵ĶȻǷƷǾĿɲϸ֪ϸҫԽԽϲֻðˣⲿȷֱΪģʽİҫѪڣ˷ܲѡ
ȣͬϹľȷȷ˼彲ľһ֣ԾԵ˳ѹ·ĻԷһ֮ϵȷ
Ȳ˵ʩչǰҫѾﵽ˼ʩչȷ⾳Ǿ춯ء
ȹʽУһʽһǿݣǧ޼᲻ݣѰֽͬһ㲻ǿӲ֣ûPϵΪһŶܲˡ
ڶʽƽУר·ǧȥ磬רҪԼؽڣอݽ֮ܽһõ£֮С
ʽ߳ưȴ֣ɣƵ䣬켣ƮѰһ˼ĽǶȷ𹥻һ䲻⣬л˫Ϊж֮
ʽ޲ս޵УԻȾ˵Уʽֱֱ仯࣬ȴͲɵԾԵѹĿʽʯС
ʽǧ£ƴ磬һǧһƲɵһǰһǳ߳ϰȣǧȣȣԽ֮ƽԷߵ÷ǣٲ
ʽ׶ɽݣȾֱ壬Ե˽ڲƻһɹǱɱ֮ἱٷΪأһƣղ֮ҲǱɡ
ʽҲǿһʽʯ쾪ޣ뷢һɱУһ춯أϰֱһʮᣬʯ쾪ĸݣ޿ʣ
ҫ֮һⲿȷû˵ֻһǾţֻҪгɣô·иɻпԹԷһ䲻⣬رʺսԼͻȻϮԼ˵ʵһβֹ
ôΪûƭɣǻ˼ģ۰ĽĴӰҫıԿѾⲿȷסˣְ
ţúúллأҫ˵ͷ΢Цصн׾ֵĺü¡
ˣһˣ̸ʲôллģЩӦõģҫúǾͲˣ¾ͽǣĵͷЦ
СҲ΢΢һЦڵҫЩʱҲҪ̫ǿԼʹûʲô̫ͻƣ׸ĸǱһӶԣҪжǿֻҪúõѣ͹ˣ
Сг˹ػ뵣֮ɫ˵ʵڵģԸҫóʲôᱻԼһӣҲҫ뽭ʱ֮ǵѪȵأĸ׵ļô룬ǾǱ
ףİɣǸ༼հԼȥ뻯ĴߣĻھǳ񾳵ߣδɱأ򲻹ҿѽҫЦİοС˲١
С˼䣬ȥ֮󣬰ҫҲʽĿʼչȽıѧǿмȻ٣Ĵѧǽһһľѧݲðҫġ
ҫеϲǣҲȥӲˣڷʱǿǾԪһĻٴγ֡
ڰҫ˹ʼǿ֮ʱıиգͬʱɣÿһзɳϰöɫַܽҫ˫֮ͫڣͬĿӡһڰҫԺС
ʮϢ֮ıеĿھķе·ֻҪеģȫַʽڰҫԺУֻҪҫһ̾ͻ֡
Ҳ˵ڰҫԺдţѪԪ󷨡񹦡澭ڹķ⹦ʽֱһ󣬲صĻǽԼʽ
Ƿ㰡ҫ˫ĿһϻһߣıŷȥЩֳֻ漣ħ֮߸أ
ҫһ΢Цı˫ۣԺеѧʱھһͣˣԴһᣬǰ˵ˣֻдﵽһĽ׶ʱôΪʲôھͳˡ


ʮ 붫Ҿ֣
ڰҫչ֮󣬰Сϰ̷ټҪ󶫺ħеĸ֮һڼħĦ֮ڣйس޼־ơ
ټһЧǳ֮⣬һڵħ֮һûУֻʮɣȻЩɵʵǶ֮뻯Ķʮ֮ࡣ
ֻǣħȫʢʱڵн뻯أ뻯˲֮һңʣЩûģֻһԭǾѾ޼а̲ˣаѾ֪֮ȫ˶
ʮʱ֮󣬵ִħֻʮңǧֱλɣ˵ȥЦ˵Ĵ뵱ħſǽʮ󳬼ǰĴڣʮ󳬼Ҫ˲ǡ
ǰţĿɲţʼնŴݵɫ·һж֮ڣûгʲô֮ɫһָݲȵ´ЩĲ١
ɾڴʱڰСְ֦֮ͬʱԵˡ
ĵĲԾЭȡ֮ƣиɽȫħŵľΧγһ飬β֮ʣ޼ҪǣһػᶯȫħڶȻǹ
ȻּƲڹأȥ̫Ƕħŵĵԣ˵ںľˣʱֱһĲֵ
һ㵹Ǹ֮ϵžԵĲ죬ԲҪȴҪиһ¶Ѱ
ǷЩɣǻֻ޳ɵķݣûбаΪУżǿʵȻħŵɣħžˣֻӡ
ҲǸľһϵƣ˵ֱ˵֦ͬû˲ǱȻ԰հ͸ŽĽˣǰǾڰġ
Զ׼еѾųɾ֮ⷴҲֻһط׼ҵڲЩţһз紵ݶŸһǣǷʲô԰ĵߣӦø޼͡
µǺýħħħմߵȻʲôǵжսͬʱһϣĵҲȷݡ
ڷո֮󣬰ټзԵһãЩ˼ǰĵԶֳ岮ƽֺУҲߣµͣħ׼ҵļº޼ɣֻϰˣƽһôɲϡ
ʱ龰ַǷ˶ָɣ˵԰Ϊ˴֣ҶΪ׼ңħ뵽ٲĵز
ǵ˼ӦҪа֮ͨкУаĽŲϰݣһ䲻ʵʵĸ̸۴˷
ڳĬǿʷǺЩΪס˰ĵߴ磬һ⣬ŵĺܣû˽ħڣ˵͸ûˣʲô˵ڣǣҫͷϣԻȻٲˡ
ʱ򣬰ĵɫͲ̫ÿˣľٶҲܼ򵥣һһ仰ҵľô
Ȼ󣬷˵еˣ˷ˣԳַǵһԼ϶ʮֳ֮ûڸҶ԰ĵľʲô飬ǲҡ
ĵĺǵԭԼһֻϻǰһϷ֪ʵǿЦ׼Ҹһ뼯Ȩƣ˵Ǽ
ΪԼ˶ڣָΪĲô죬ʵǴش˱֮ǲʶ֮䣬ֻоԵʵıϣȨһУȻľһеˡ
󷴶ԵҲʧ֮ħſ˵־ɳǣһģܹĵĽϷаҲħצ˾ŵĵ̡
ЩЧҾŵֱѱ֮ģħŵĵ̽ϮһЩССɣǱ˷˼Ŀֲʵ
ڰҫչصĵһ죬аֶľսۣʽ죬һֱĪ⣬û֪ϸĳ¶ʵıɽһǣǵĶͬҲǳ֮һħš
죬ֻ죬а֮£񾳶ǧˣ٣뻯Ĵ߶ˣսνǰδеĲҡ
ħڰĵϵȻԼӢľ£صĹԼһĶֵʼʧʧȥĵָܱ֯һһаռ쵽ĺҲֻ֮һѡ
ȻսҲûд۵ģħʮ˾̶̵ʧȥֻűƣֻŴӾų¾ʿȫ˸ɸɾһ
ʣʮ֧Ҳͬ˲أħŵսҲž˵ˣսˣȻħŵĸ߶սãǵײвսʧԵе㴥Ŀˡ
ȻȽ϶ԣаʧħŵֻ࣬һ˵ħŵʵѾ㹻˵ˡ
ȻĶľƲ⣬Ҳа֪ħһѿеĹͷҪ£ñһ׼
ңе˵죬аħƺʲôЭ飬һ㲻ʧսѪƴ˼ɱۣաϡÿһսս෽ԲϰĿų̶ȣȻǳֱ
ⳡʷʫսҹûһͣ˫Ͷ̾Ϊֹ뻯Ĵ߾Ѿˣǧ򣬲ʥֻڻҰĴڡ
죬˵ʷѪȵһ죬ʱս٣в˿뺣ˮͬһɫǾѪɫ
ҵ˵죬һûκսµķֻ̫һ̣˫ĸ߲һĻ档
ħŵİħԼСܹ뻯ߣӿռ߳ʹƬϵĿռ䣬ͣһͨ߰ģǰɶߵıӰ̤նƾˡ
аζ֮ҵˣаʹ֮һʥʹ󣬵ֵʱͬռϣʮ˿ռսһ֮ߵıӰӰ֮ڿƮȻҲö˵ʲôˣһҲǸ֮ͨߡ
һĻЩп뻯ߣһΪ˫ĸ߶սеľͨߣض٣аħŶУ뻯Ҳͬɹ۵ĺܣôľ
˫ĽʽжԻЩ뻯һֶһ֮˫ƺʲôЭ飬εľսûз˫һתʧ١
üЦӣҪʱһˣʲôʱٴαǾҪδ˫ⶫ֮ദˡ
ȻһɽݶаħŶⶫ֮Ҳֻ˸ͷѣǰҫչصĵ죬Ҳصӡ


ʮ ˵ľչغĳɹ
ڶ峿ҫ߳󣬶Ž˸һˬЦݣ½ݣһɵģǳ
ֵǣҫһ˴Ӿ߳иС硢˵ֻͬ˵ıҫȻ෴һֺĴܸС
ʱ˿ҫ񣬶԰ҫ뷨һģһ˴˶ʱ˶Էе뷨ҲǿЦһ뵽һǸѰ
Ϊʲôзĸ̾Ϊһ죬ҫĪǰд裬˵Ϊ˼һԼչغĳɹڰҫУǰ콾ǿˣǼԼٺʲ
ȻĿռ乹Լʱ乹죬ҫѾһԼĸԭˣ˫ıǽڹƽǰ½еġ
ڵԭһ̣ҫ˲еǰδеɣǹ죬ʵϰҫھڿǹ˰֮࣬ʱʧͬ°ҫ൱ڱһɽ˰꣬һԭ֮ȻͻȻɵĸо
ҲдԵԭΪӦԼʵԽ˵ıܿˣûһʤĹҫֵ£˫˸ƽ֣
ûҫһȫӣͫʥ¡ѪԪ󷨡Ĵȫڹ񹦵ھ⹦ʽȷ˴ƽ֡
ȥƽֺôҲҪˣеĺ䵶˪ȭһһľѧǷȣ˵ȷȫˣʩչȴò°ҫ
ҫиûԣ˵ûչǰİҫǵи뻨ʵϻҪʤһģҰҫľ·Ĺ·ṦǶ̰壬ô֮󣬰ҫѾڣǶԣҫиɻ
ҫھȹһٶʮ죬ھаҫѪԪƪгɣʽǱĹ죬ֻһðҫеܲ⣬û澭
澭ķھԼ·Ժпȴȫûа취УˣΪ澭һַǳ΢Ĺϵ
⼫֮֮**ڹ棬ֻᵼʧɼ̼֮£屬ҫĽѨϣҫֻһ
ǾʧҴܣѪͱѣϾҫ˻Աʣ
ҫһԵ̬ȣվ澭ŽһߣʹޱȣһҪ˺ѵĸоһҪűǰڵֵҰֱײ߻ס
ھĿռСҫ쳣С˲䷢ռ֮һ𣬲գ۵ĹѾҫǰСǺ˵ĹȻ׾ٵĽҫߵƽסоա
ڵʱħŸаĲɿСҪ˵һľƣҫʱ澭ſһߣԼҴææıȥǰߡ
ҫҲǲʶ֮ˣ֪սǰ벻ԼǿӦ֮ҲСȥһ˿ʼ˼֮С
ھ񹦵Ļϣ澭޷ˣǰҫԷһӾֿܷ񽫾ȥôݣϾ֮󣬰ҫʵǿһ˷ָĵزԼα
ڻҫһѧȻ޴棬Ҳ֪Ҫòܷ±شʱǿȣһʵ˵ĺܣǺûΰ롣
ʱҫ˼޹ҲѰգֻи̾ԼߵĶаӰڣԼһҪаˡ
ҲǣҫҲûŹа;ɣԼʦűʦɱǲɻĴ𣬰ҫûһǡ
ҪûпɽׯûɽҫͶǱѩ֮УĻн⣬޵һգڽ֮ϣصԼĸ
һжǿɽׯɽģˮ֮ӿȪ౨ο֪֮ˣһ񷱦¿ɽׯһвڣҫǲòҲҪ̫ãλصݣҫжˡ
Сߣˣӣջǳӭգһ΢Ц˵
ţðɣ磬ǰսʲôҪҰæĵطôҫ΢΢һЦʵ
ҪˣаѾǴͣսЭ飬Ա֮һĺǣⳡȨս£Ҳʱһˣտڻص
Эˣɣüе㲻̫˵ȻԼĸദûжã˫׵ԸڳӴ»һ˽ģͬݲ°ɳӵȻаЭôսֿĺܲһȻҲųʲôĸõļƻ
ҫһҲȻˣտһ۰ҫĸСˣƺ뵽ʲôǰС̸ʲôı飬ʲô˲õĴ¡
ˣСߣȥ״˸ȥһˣ߸ǽˣϾҲˣͻȻôһ䡣
ҫ˵ͷһٴܳɽͱڣֻһխͨɽ£ɽ֮ϵİ֮Զҫ̤ұƽأ֮֮ǰǿﲻֹ˶е㷢¡
磬Ṧãҫô㶵һ䣬ҫһ֣֤ʵǰṦóڵֱŤת˹
ϻȻˣôŰҫɽ壬һ˫Ŀգգһ£һ˿˷֮ɫҫ㹻ǿԽԼûпˣȻĻϲ
Ҳ˵ҫ֮ǰûоȫˣ˫üûƤãһ˵ְڰҫϣұϴθӸɴ䣬ͫУʽȷʵûһطܱȵϰҫ
һ֮󣬵ͷ̾ϢһϲʵǸС߽ˣ˰ɣ
ͬʱŤͷգͬĺȵƽ֣
鷳ңأǳսأ

Ħ룬ħҫ֮ϣ°Сڣ׾ֳ˰նڣһˣҫһ֮ʱע⵽ˣֻһָоǾǺǿ
밲ˣ磬ǺãҫекţҲ΢Цͷ
ҫջСɣСȻһЦڵ
ðɣҲǾһЩҫһЦɦɦףڻص
ˣҫγҲǸϵüʱΪټ˹ݣȻѸ£Ҫȫµ˶֪ҰĵĶӣһƵЦݣڵ
£ûǴӳΪã
ʲô
ҫһﻰ䣬˶ͶĿ⣬ҫЦ档


ڰʮ ǰĸ裡аܽ
ҫΪ˼⣬һɽôҲܱ٣ǡüܲʵΧҲ¶ʵı顣
ףи磬ǣҵļˣףϣҵĿɽǣԼħȻǿ󣬵һжǵƴģҲ뿿Լ˫ƴһѸ¾ͲˣԼһ֪Ϳˣҫ΢ЦصĳģΪĶ棬ԼҪһС
ֳĬһᣬ׾üڵСߣܿǵ˵棬ϹˣʹǲѸ£ҲѾ齭ˣ
ҫ˰Цûµģ磬Զﴫ¶ȥˣ׵ĶУɢһϢȥҲѹȥˣŶȼͣѸµģ
Ŀ˿СίһЦҡҡͷֿ˿׾ֵˣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷֻ̾ϢһڵҫȻ֣ΪҲǿţ
ĵһף׹һһö׽ƴзɳƮڰҫǰҫֽ£ʽͨҲûʲôرĵطĴһġס֡
ΪΪ⼸ֵܣİ׼֮ʣħ˼ΪԻǷֲħؾݵ㣬㶼Եǲ㲻ԸСܹȥС鷳ģͲҪܾˣ˵
ţл
ҫ˿ƣôҲǸĸ⣬ҿ˫Ƶ񣬻治þܾȭһӦԺûãĸ⻹Ҫµģǵġ
ҫҲ֪øʲôСӸһ£׸һʵõġС΢Ц˵
ҫ˵ͷСȡС߽ӹ֮Ҳȡһöһ£ȥֻҫ
ҫȡһߣʶ̽룬СҲûжʲôʲôһ˶ܳԻĵҩԼҫⱲӻĽƱҲûʲô
ҫ˫и谮еůޣڰСıرƷ֮󣬽͵׾ֵˣǸĲûôֱӣȴǳһ⡣
׾ֵҪҫһ֤Ǿ㹻ʵѪɱ¾ĽԱҲ˵ԭΪ˲԰ҫʵ
СߣҪһ㣬ǻе㲻ģǲȥֻϣܸǿһȥҪڶһʱ䣡׾ִͷڵȻǲ̫İҫ
磬ұҪһڵִɽɽ֮Զٲ̣ʹҲ߲ݶϲˣҼȻӦ˼˵飬ͱҪɣԶŲǴɷνңҪȻĻҵʵҲˣ
ҫһѣ˵ľҲ÷ʲô׾̾Ϣһ˵ͷҪȴȣڵСߣ㵱Ҫ̣
ҫ˵ͷ쳣ᶨҲͬͷָָߵˣڵôǾͼ򵥵ɣֻҪ߹ʮУǾͲ㣡
Ƕ˵ʹ죡ҫаЦˡ
߽ҿñӣһͷüĿṆ̀߱΢ݣò信ʣȥʮͷʵӦòֹǲЦı飬Լü֮ԿҲʲôŮ
ħʮ˾ţھžšǾųү
ҫ΢΢һ㶣࿴˽һۣڸħ֮ʱҶ˵Ǽ̰׾صĵžų֮⣬ǿĵˣһȡ̷Ż֣ʵԲС
ţħʱ˵㣡ҫȭ񣬿ЦֻǰҫĻȴĽе񣬵һμôòǫ͵Ķ氡
Ǹųðֻǡ磬ȷýųҵĶ֣ҫ΢ǸĳŽ˹ֺ֣ܳɵĽĿתܲʵ
˵ʵڵģǵǸյħİҫǰԻΪһµĵˣֻǣʱͬգ԰ҫʵ˵ǽز¶ȴǿüĻʮ˾ŵ˳λˣ԰ҫ첻κв
ҺȷСߣҪСƽųʵȫԼӦȫԸǣĵ˵ͷ
ҫŰôҲö˵ʲôһλǣҲ΢΢ͷʾͬҫҲֻܱȭһ
үУʮ֮³ֵֵ͵ʤΪ֮ǰҫԼʵô㲻õºڣһҫҡ
ѪԪ󷨣һƪѪƪ
һ飬
ʥ£
ͫ
Ĵͬʱ֮󣬰ҫ˵Ʒ츲صĸı䣬ټϾ񹦵ھͬʱҫ֮ǿƷ֮𣬳ҵ
ʮеˣаɣк󣬽ųҪǻվ͵䣡ҫ΢΢һЦһʧ٣߾Ŀɿڴˡ
ʱ׾ַǳСֹһ䣺ܣҾðɣӦֿǽ˵ߵӮİ
Ҳ֪֪չ죬͸չƵģǿô࣡ĻصȴǴһȻܻԲԼĵܵʵ㹻ˣ
๫ûߺǣǸı˾ĿռƵʱƵˣҫǱչһٶʮ֮ðСռ䴫
ˡǲҲ˸ǣҫڸС硢ֵ£սƽ֣֮Ŀռ䴫ص
ţʹ˼Բˣ
һӦúʹİɣ
ҫзִģİɣ
˵ʱʱ죬˸˼֮ʱڽ֮ʣڰҫӰոʧһ˲䣬ҫһڽĶߡ
СˣһУ
һӰӽ֮һ˺ѷεʹ׶ؿڱʵʵİ˰ҫһţһ֮أƺһĹԼǰĽһѪ˶ȥ
ҫӰ֪ʱ֣쵽Ӧʱ䶼ûУһʵ޻ֱţͺڽ֮ϣȾ֮ǿǧըҩֲ󣬾ǰһ׸ߵСɽƶᱻҫһ֪߱׶ûüĽ˵жˡ
ȣһǿݣ
ʱĽֻоըһ㣬۵ûιȥæתʹֻǰҫǷ˰ٶȣʵеӦӲϾ
ӰһҫͻȻֵͷϷһ˳ƺ£ֲĻ𾢺ɽһӿƾǿĿֲ̩ɽѹд֮ͺڽļϣĹڵء
ƣƸǶ
ҫһƺ佫ѹ֮˲ͬʱתջл𾢣ͬʱ񹦵뽪ڣ֮ǰԼеơ
һл˰ɣų˼ˣҫŽ΢΢һЦͬʱŲԶĿɿڴĸǣЦǣ˵ҪŶ


ڰʮһ ˣҪˣ
ĹĹƾͺϣʮңӽһӵĳ̶ȣôģ׼ҵ˹Ȼûһʡ͵ĵƣΪҫľе죬˵ʵڵģԹ˵磬
ʮϢ֮󣬽ڵ޴󰭣еԭûʱȫϢ޷ڰҫ΢ƣ˵Ч࣬ЧȻû˵
лү֣ү֮ʵ֮ǿķڷȭ֮ȫûΪҫʲôԹ޵һ־η֮⡣
֮ǰ˵㣬뽪ųҪⰡҫȭһ񣬿
ȭۣдԻҲǲɱģѧղ֮ǰʴʣܵѵүҪԽݣ¿ʧæڵ
ԼӸԼôһҳ񣬰׼ûأûأҫĿ޸ܡ
šûأʲôģͺãҫ˰֣Ц
⡣£Ϲذɣɵ
ֻף磬㣬ҿŶ
ȻԣͬĻصҫ˵ͷһƵ΢ЦŽ̾Ϣһȭصүؿ㣬̾պкηԸүһɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˰֣˼ϰô꣬ƺ̬Լγ䣬ҲĲˣҫҲ棬Լĸǣڵ磬ӦǹǵĿɣ
СߣľΪʲôλģ˵ͷʵ
ոͻڣҫ΢Цص
ţѹֽĶ֣ʵСһ㣬ӦҲʲô£֮⣬һסΪҪǿĸ
һʱҫ΢ЦԼ˵߶߶һѵĸ룬ʲô˲Ǹطȥܵһѣ˹ܱιȥ
һ°˸ͬʱ˵ԴƶܱըҲֻаҫһ˼ĵţֳǰ˹Լĸо˵гů
ҹ׼ҵĲУҫһ߿°ķ¼ǣһιų׽ֻɰĽɫС˭˭һľһѪ˰ҫ⣬κҶһֱһַǳ̬߰һӡ
ʲôǰ֪ĶôϢǼȻϢôͨҸӦòʲô°ɣҫֺ鼮дʣιų׽
ϣϣ
׽ҫе£Ҳ֪ôģ˺ҧ˼£͸Ը⣬Űҫš
ҫǰ˻ΣڵԺҪ߽ˣСɣ˵̫ˣǰС죬㲻찡ҾͽСɣòã
ϣϣ
׽һҧ˺ţϾĺͫ۰ҫּҫ˵ͷڵ͵Ӧ뺣߻ǧܲ㱳Ϸɹȥ
~~~~~
׽һ죬һСŻҫеճҫһζ൱ԣǾ붼롣
ðɣˣжʮҪϵɽȻȷͦԶģȫ·Ļʱ˵Ҳ࣡ҫ˵ͷóιС˵
¹ҹãкָ̰ҫüͷҲصĿڵĺӰ߳һٻӰҶ¡
˵ҪݣҶһ¶棬ֱӽ⣬ڵ
ҪȥһɽڶҲЩʱˣҲˣһЩ˽ûüأҫת΢΢һЦڵ
ˣʦ˵ǽ»ðŵϯλָмԭܰͻƵھġı꣬ȻѾͻƵˣöҩĹвСһöת𵤣͵ˣҶóһƿҫ
ҫ΢΢һЦӹ˻ƿҲƴսСӣ˵ʵڵģԼѡҶ룬ûѡ֮ҲᷢˣȻаİаŵԭڡ
ԭΪֻϵİŶѣû뵽ΰŵ콾һǿֵز̷ֻڸŻĻʮǿȥ㽣ŵһ̷ֻڸŻǿɣҫ΢Ц˵
˵ʵڵĵһμ̷ڸŻʱԷȷǿǶԱǶ˸ŵ콾ֱֻ֮ǹƾ̷˵ʵôΪ°ϯλġ
˼Դʦָʦֵʵ˵ʸμӰսˣֻΪ˵Ц£Ҳܶ˵ϣ½⣡Ҷ˸ӣһŵıԿ̫¡
ңǸ͵ҩģҫվҶǰһ΢Цʵ׽ڳ°ٽ֮󣬴˸ãķɵҫļϣ˯ߡ
СһʦˣתһŸ㣡Ҷóżҫ
ҫһݵҲ򵥣ҫ磬кܶ໰û˵С壬ʵ֮ңմСʵ繲̴ң˷Ƕ𣬻纣һ·Сģټ
ɵѾͷҫż֮һЦ˵ʵڵģԼСԼԸû뵽ͦǿǾԼʵҪٰ֮ԼǾǿĺܰ
ţ֪ˣˣҫҶ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ߹
ҫ㻹ô
ȻѽڲǹһˣҵļңҵڣҵȻҪġ
ǡڣ
ţڣ

ҫˣһεķһĵɽҲ˵ֺһݣ·̼԰ҫʵ˵ȫ·ĻҲͰµʱܸϵ
죬ҫԼļ˶Ѿкˣڰŵ콾ǣҲԼνʶѣҫҲԼĸǴΪԼ磬ų׽񣬳һСþӳ֣ʻĺ֮ϡ
ҫڼװϣգ̾ϢһôȦҪȥģ˳ȥѾͷɣɽׯʦҪˣ

ݣڤڵΣصεͽĺСƣ죬֮ȫԼηڵǸˡ
һ쵽Ƿʲô裬Ե޹ʵλ֣治֪ӵķ裬ɣ
˭ȥСӵʵʲôʱôǿˣλ־ȻƵ·磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʦϣɲǳ˽
ǽʦϰаλδһǱȽģֻ̫ˣȻڳ֣Ͳһ£Ҹȥѣ
˵䣬ĸǽж
ηڹѺһ꣬廨ʮϣһĿĵ˺ۣһɭЦݣ˲ڤڰѵһ콾ҲǰҫĽֵܣҶġ
ѹˣȻģϹһӱҸˣоҲͦģٺ٣
ƪһħƺᡣ
ڴ
ڰƪֵš


һ ¼ǧ
ǣ񣬺úһеǽƱÿˣֻҪĲƱֻϽһ룬Ů˶Լȥãˣ
꣡꣡
躣ţǶݺ֮䣬Բ֮ײе󺣵֮һûνĵе֮˵ֻɱֶѣ붫̴جΡ
зǳСģֲ˵ĳΪ˶躣ŵһֻ֧ӣӲɵǣֻӻɺŵλ֮һģǺõû˵
躣ңfɽʮ߰˳ߣ׳ţһʮ·ħ;ףʮβһʩչֹ֮ͣǿһСɽܱ䱾ľΪѴڣʵǿĿֲ
ʱ˷Ķ躣Ŵڷٿ̴ʮҴСһĴ̴ֻΧ˸ˮйͨò˶೤ʱ䣬ֱӵϼװ壬ɱһ
ˣˣǶ躣ţˣô죬Ҳһˮڼװһ躣ŵģŵƨվվȣֱ̱ڵϡ
ǺǵӴ˾ˣϢһˮ֣ͬǵģǲмš
㶮ʲôĺ򷢣Ψ躣ȴǲܣǵ̴ҪϴһգҼȮеȫɱŮȫץȥ䵱йĹߣֶμ̣Ǵͷ˰һ곤ˮֲΡΡ˵֮г˿־֮ɫˮ֣ʼԾ˫ȴ
ʱ˿̣е̴Ͽνһţڼ躣ŵ֮󣬶Ὺʼ̲е˵Ӱ躣ŵǶó˾ʧ
ȻܾҲ̴ֻϵһЩͨˮ봬ԱЩ˶һͬ㣬ҪôǲͨգҪôʵ΢Ϊʮ֮һȻҲԼװ
ʲôһԼ£ռװ壬вյ˶ҽգ֪ͨӣ׼ˣһߴӴ߳ȥףⱩһ׹òϢڹΪɼһߡ
˼ԭиڣδ˽֣ͣһҪʹ죬ϼһҵˣ˭
躣ŵվڴͷ֮ϣڵĴֻС̴鲻Щһ۾ܿߵĳ֡
߷һ˲䣬Ҽ¶һ̶ֲѪЦݣһ˫ĿŲԶ̴װϵߣȻԳΪе
һ仰£׳ͷǣ뻮һķ붯׳ֵ˫ĿȵĺȻʲôѰˡ
ңֻС̴ķ㿴һˮԶӾһЩܣһСںƮ³ʲôæͨ
üǴ£ʵһŽС΢ģĿһ漴Цù洬ֻͨѣҲν˳˾ǣȰ˸ˣ
ǣһ£ͷߺȣһ˷ѪĿ⿴ţԽԽ̴һɱ¾ʢ缴ʼ
̴󷽵ȷһСƮֻǴֻͨװϳһ˯⣬Ҳûʲôϡ棬ʶΪʲôѰյ洬Ҳû̫ϣȻʶ뷨൱
ؿǰ̴ļװзսԱѾȫ뵽˴֮ڣһ׳ڸŸǰ̴֣ĻӶӳ𶫡
ǳԿп˵ķѾ˵ڽϲˮݣҴΪ֮ƣҲֻ·ߣɢֻסλС㣡һߺ֮ɫµľǻ˼һ׽Լٺʲ
ʲô·ֻһ·˶ƱҲԲҪԲʧôһ˫ĿһȣŵøæͷҶ˵ԹԣȻڵλʵǴļߡ
ڹ£ʲôˣ㳳´ϢӦúúùһЩˣ
һʸ䣬òóݶΪֻ֮ʮ㣬ȻĳУĸǧ¼ҶǧС
󻹸һŮӣŮݰף۴ϣʤѩƣǰĸǧҪһﲻֹƵ֮ࡣ¼Ҵǧݯݯ
Сãݵڹ£ʲô£˵޷Ҳи׼ݯݯüΪǳһŵСһӣؾصվһԣǰǰ΢΢Ƿһҹ̬Լͬнڡ
Ƕ躣ţСģϷʹƴҪҲᱣסǣϷûǷֺ¼ҵһ£ΪҲףŵˣֻǶŮ֪Ϯ֮ɫʼ
лڹ£أЩˮԼԱأܷȫݯݯѯʵ
С㣬ϷܱסǶǼˣǣʵڹҡҡͷ̾
ڹ£ܾȶپȶ٣ǸǳǵΣΣʱڲˣ¼ҿ޵֮£ýãǾ;ȫȥݯݯлλ׳ʿˣݯݯһ֮ɫܻһϧ
ΧĻۼڴˣҲͲס׷ǰʾģҪȺ鼤֮£һֺηơ
ݯݯ˵Ŀ۽һЩỨֵĺǱֻǣߵСȴһӿϱ
˽Լ㣬ʱݯݯӦǣﹷūţΪСǵĸʩСƾصңǴ
ûݯݯıﲻһСӶѧļܣһı츳ֱʦģ˵С裬ʵݯݯ֡͵Ϊģ˽ǹˣд¼ĺ
ݯݯҪСش֮ʣ躣ŵ̴ֻҵľʱ˵ӰٿնХչһƬ̴΢΢һߴ׳ݯݯǰ
СˣĶȥˣǹԹԵĸӻȥӲģٺ٣fɽһǴг촽Цݯݯü漴չһЦ
λ׳ʿֻҪŹǣūԸȥ
һеĻǶˣһݯݯСΧסһģ
ãǷãӣþûɱˣɱʹ죡fɽһЦһɱӿһ˫Ѫ˲
ԲѣϷվͺụ́ҵķħкι֮ǷʣڹһǰһһɲfɽٵƣͱĺͫһǸ߸߹
ٺ٣ͷȵľ㣬վ͸սʹ죬ֻҪܽʮܣӾͷŹˣfɽɭһЦڵ
һԼȳ
׷


ڶ Ůģ꣡
ʮ·ħ˵ʵڵģڽֻڶʽĽңƪǼ߰ȭȵȣͲ
ǣνǻͨʽӹ˵Ȼƽƽ棬ǿУôȻͬնҪǿ˭ãԼôȥá
ôfɽܹʽӳǿôȻǣԶ츳ۣҫһȣֱ֮𣬰ҫ˦ʮ·ǶǶ̵ġ
ֻfɽҲ֪֪֮Լʲ㣬ںǿƴȥŬеܲ׾fɽʤڹרעһ˸ʱϣֻһʮ·ħ
ڳµĻ£״˼£ﵽǷ켫ĵزһʩչ
ҲŰŻᵼԼǱѹեΪȻֹܹﵽ񾳵ΪҲŽǿ֮ˡ
λ躣ŵңʱ˿ͻɽ²ɵһ˫ٽͭĻ磬һʰ;ףŭμˣһһ಻ޱȣƻƣλڹ¸߳һﲻֹƵĺ֧׾òǱ
çСãһָ޳ĴȻʩչһƮ鶯ζ಻仯޳ŭΣң鴫
ڹһ泤fɽսһֻǸչʮУʵǾĲУfɽʵ󳬳Ĺƣ˫Ϊͬʵϣڹѷ
fɽȻһЦ˫Ʒһ𣬾ʹ֮ƣɽѵ֮ͺԷһܶʼ಻ڹе㴭
ۼfɽ˲ռϷ磬еһĶᵽɤۣλڹ²еĻôǽˡ
ܵĺѾʼǴе·ͱǰľѾΣĵزͿλܷʤˣʤȻ˵˵ĻǾٲ
еһŵҪ߬ȭͷҴôĶǰ˼սһսɲǲģΨһ˹ž޲ԵúǵȻǾݯݯ
ëָϵĻҲֻֽܳɱˣж躣ڣһӦܺܺõڸסֻãҪ˵ԲˣܱסܣҲмֵģ
ݯݯޱ飬еĻȴǺ鵽˼㣬Ϊ˱ȴκ˵˵ûмֵģֻҪǰڹ²УչֳԼǲΪ֪һ棬ǰˣãĺˣ
ؿǰfɽһе֣ݲ飬˫ңһʱڹмܵļΪɾfɽһƬ֮ʣƾȻʼϢʼü٣Ȼ½࣬ƺе㹩Ӧϡ
ôõĻڹµУȻǴϲгһת漫Ϊɵһfɽһ˫شȡ·һƥʹԷķ
ϹΪץҵĴΣУfɽͺһ˫趯ԷĽƾֵصܲ͸磬
ߣçç̰ʤ֪䣬мˣڹЦһ߼ܣװľмľһ㼲fɽ·ͬʱг׷·빥һַΪʤļơ
ۼڴˣе˸üЦֻҪڹʤôǻһΪһ񾳸ǿƥǧĴڣڹӮǷɱУȻлϣ
ֻЦfɽʥ־ȻҲЦfɽڹЦһԹսݯݯʶüԽ
ëҪˣݯݯа룬ɵݡ
ʯһ˲䣬ڹµĹѾüޣfɽЦɭһϼһмƵŶԣȥ
һ䣬ڹ±һ£еĳʱһֻ֣fɽɲ֮ǰʱĹƻҪһ࣬Ƿ
һӣ˿촸Ӱǵأƾޱȣ˲佫ڹµĽƻ˫֮£Ѫڣսһ˺ѰʹѺ۲ϣֻǳ¡
ǲײĲᰡfɽһЦشٽͭǳɵһȦһӰ̸Ҳڹµĳұ۱۹飬һҺfɽһֱڹţֱֽͬӱ飬ɳ̴
ϼһﻹеʵȻܸôã˾ˣɲ㲻ϣСǸˣ˵üǮfɽڹ±Լҷɣߵķ׹亣УЦһԸҪū
λСˣڵˣϼһﲻˣֻҪڴսʤӣӾͷǣΰ
׳ʿһԼȳҪ׷ݯݯȻһЦ
fɽ׶ı飬ݯݯǵûһ˿ľţ΢ЦԴеĻ˴ôһɵĴҹ㣬Ȼ˵Ļʵеţֻû˿ݯݯڱģ˸һöɫͼơ
ʮ굶ѪfɽݯݯʱҲͬеһ˿ļ¸УһգǰСŮӣûпȥô򵥡
ʱfɽڹһɨɵһ̣֮ǰfɽСƮ̴β£ֻǱΧϵĶ躣ŵĴֻסСסá
Ǵһһں˯һֻɫСŲӴһһ˯ִ䵹Ҳ֡
ֻΪˣҪĵһȻѹβֻǴڳһЩƷȻʲôûУŭգһʱҪж˿飬йͷ֮ޡ
ģǻһܳ»εھͳ㣡ٵ㿳ֱ겱Ҫնס
ֻǴһ䣬껹֮Զ㿴ȥˣΪǱ˫Ŀָס˵棬˫ָһ²˴󵶣
ʣˣǶǵѪĺˣһ˻ţһ߻Ŵ󵶣Ҫҵ
ʼû˫ֻۣһǣ֮£֮ǰĴƬ𾢲ƣûӦת˲䱻Ƭɸӣ
ó˯һᶼУ˭ǹأ˫Ŀ˸һ˯ı飬Ʋֵֹһ
˫֣ͫüĿ̣΢ݣƤ԰ףͦʮ㣬ʲ
~~~~
ǽɫСһɵļ˼¶ԷգƺС˼ڵ˯ôôҲû취£ɱĿǺܴģֻܶ˯һᵱ俩
~~~~~
ˣԹˣһŪ㣬𣡡
ϣϣ
ģٲģģôôബҺô󰡣ףǶ躣ŵİ˵ǶԵ׶̵ֻ֮һšã˯ˣҲúúûһˣ
~~~~~


 罾ţ
Се˼㲻ңfɽһζЦݣڵ
˵ЦˣūֻһƽĽףһݻ񲻿գµĻûҽأݯݯһЦƺ̫˸fɽ
ʱ躣ŵĳԱѾϰ˵̴һɷıδ󺺣Ŵ󵶾޸ݺݵĿǰʮеĻ׵ĸֻҪfɽһ£ǽʼһѪʢ硣
ŶףʲôʱףҵĿ֮£ǵɱȨȫһ֮䣬ףǸǮôfɽҲżʵ°˰֣ԭش
ݯݯȻһЦڵҾūҲǮףΪҲ˽ҴҵǴ֮ǰūұ˲ŵġֻҪūһ̴֮ᱻըмʯ٣һɢҾūҵıǮװɣ
С׼Ļ֣ͦãӾʲô˵fɽǸ߸ɭһЦص
ܼ򵥣ūԸߣϵĲҲУҷһ·˵׬ģݯݯ΢Ц˵ȴɱʮ㡣
ݯݯļƻǣֻҪfɽԼߣ뿪һΧ֮ɱˣfɽǺǿǾǿԼºһɣ˵ظȾͿԺŪȥˣסԼܣסеˣһá
Ǻǣ׬⣡СˣǵҵǴʱǼôfɽЦһȫǴʣش⡣
ݯݯüͷfɽǴʱǰ˸ˣڳЩͨĺ⣬ͬǰʥֻ߸Ҳ˵һϢʧˡ
ңеĺѱȡһӰƼװľʲ㣬֮ǰfɽ֮һĻе˸ңƴһս
СˣûбıǮĻôӿҪˣfɽ촽͸¶һּ˵ķѪݯݯɭȻЦ
ǵóְãңҪ־͹ǰçɣǵģݯݯͷ­΢΢£̾Ϣһˡ
شôٺ٣Сǣڿʼɱɣ
fɽһ£µ޲˷ܵķУĹеĻǣ˴ʵ⣬ܵУ˽֮һ
ڴʱɱ¾ݯݯ㲻ֵ֮ʣ̴΢΢𶯣ȴƫƫ޷ˣԵüΪ졣
һ𾢲ƵӰӴβֱ𾢱ƥӰס֮󣬾ֶ˸̫һ㣬Ϊҫ۶ĿװϵˣһĿɿڴı飬ǰһĻ𾪵Ըӡ
֣
fɽݯݯͬʱһʵʣǶһ㣬ɼʵȻ֮ϣfɽǾ㵵ĲУͻȻֵľ֣֮ǰŵ꣬벻С
ʱصfɽݯݯ̸еһ̴̣󷽺Ѿҳһ࣬ɱ֮˲ٺע⣬ҲֵˣչֳĿֲʵǰеĺ
վڴͷңһǰĺֻмһ£һԾߣ漴һǧ׹ֱڴͷ
˲ǣͷûбǿľ飬ֻ³⺧ѹ뾢ǳȵķֲںУȻӲһߴ׿ĲκˣǰʮҴСһĺ
һǿĳ𣬽һƬֻ˸׳죬׷죬֮£ٿĺͷתǱ
ۼڴˣȻһЦҾƣâ壬˱һĻ𾢸ǣƻ·һ㣬
ֻһܣһΪһֱĳЩ׷ĺǳȥʮ֮Զľգ۱㵽쵽Щûغ档
ǰһֵĿԼɭȻһЦһֱ̤ԷؿڣֲȾֻһžȻԷعǡ߹ǡ׵߳⣬ѪգĭɽʵĹ롣
ûع񣬾ѾĽ£ʬ׹亣Уһ֮β䣬ı䷽ֱһȥͬ߳һԷͷ­ȥ
ÿνһҸȫʬ֮ίʵ˲ΪЩ׹ʬ壬ûһģЩѪճһѪȵĻ档
Щһûб׷ֻʧ亣ĺ޲Լĺˣǲ£ȫʬ£ͬȫʬǸ¡
УǻΪʹߵ꣬ٶԽԽ죬ÿ̤һŽٶȱһ֣һЧɱУṦȹĽϼֱ޷죬Ƶɱˣ缲硣
ȣƽУ
һ֮ѾԾ̴֮һľ룬պfɽѪϴ̴֮ʱ԰ǰҲΪĳ֣ס˼װ˵Ŀ⡣
һתװϵľһĿȻñһȻһĻ𾢷ǵûм֣ס֮󣬹򣬵һŻʯӸ£ֱfɽȥƾޱȡ
ƾˣfɽҲҴ⣬һʮɹ˫һƿ籩һֻ꣬⿴ȴ첻һ˿һ˺
ſ£֮ǿֲĺˣ޶ãѹֱӺɢеfɽо㵲ѡ
Цһֳɽָһֱָfɽüģָ⣬ƥޱȣfɽֽһ㱻׾ٵƿһָüޡ
fɽս뷴񾭶ȥʱ̣Ȳͬʱƫ߶Զͭպ̧סҪһָָֻ֮ǿȫԤϣ˺ѰľʹͭĲơ
ʯһ˲䣬һָ֮ͭһתֳָƣ֮䣬һ˳ƺһ㣬˲䱬һɺƾͭ˺fɽǺʵףصӡfɽš
һӣһƵĺƾ񱬷һޱȵĻֱ͸fɽؿڣڲ֮£ǰfɽı͸װľʲ˶Դ
ƣɽ
ֲһƣfɽֱӺˣعǷԹۣڣ˰˳ɣѾصԸӵĵز
ĿƣȻѾﵽ΢ĳ̶ȣһƺ֮fɽûбǿֲƾ䴩װ壬ͷųĻθڰգ굥һӣ˦һߡ
ƳһۣĿɿڴĺж躣ŵ˸ţ֮ڣҵߣɱޡ⣡
ˣ޻˵ģֻǣɸţҲ֪ǰʲô˵ϣfɽһѪ³ŴĶ꣬ѯʡ
죡ҫ


 ˵׹գɱ
PSСֱΪ5롢7롢9ʱŶ
~~~~~~~
׽ʱֻȸСһǼС죬ŰҫԴӶԼĲ
˵ʵڵģ׽ҲҪǳʱҫִҪУһ䣬ѾڰˣԶ·ҫһı飬׽ʵԽԽҪúýѵѵҫɡ
ҲܹҰСһչ͵ˣʡ°ƫԸҷɣֻˮ·ˣһ·գôܲҫͷһίıԹš
ϣϣ׽ŽȻ̾ϢģС˹ҫգһ֮Э
˵͵ҩôеǣȳţ⻹УҫӷȡһƿǵʱҶ½ģƷҩ
˵ЧǷڹߣҩһ߻ڶʱʮֹ֮󣬹ٻ£ʱƷûֵĻôҫ뽫ͻƵȻҪ˵ҩ
ֻǣҫѾ߱˾ôŵҩ԰ҫ˵ԵûôҪˣ԰ҫ˵ôһ䣬Լġ
ȻڷԼĹ˵ͬĺôǰҫ°˸̤ʵ
ոճ׽˵ˣҪĶҫмԵĵҩӦԸذҫɣȻôŵ˼ҫҲ׵ĺܡ
˵ʵڵģôദ׽ԼҲôˣɱˣ˵õҩԼˣҪ׽ǳ˵Ρ
ϾܹͨᲢ۵ޣʲôĽɫСȸֻԼϿɵദǵԡ
Թҫóݸ׽񣬺СһţһŻ𾢽ҩۿɼٶȽڻΪһɫϸ߱׽գİҫĿ࣬ԭ޶ôģ⻹һμ
ʵյҩĵرļܣϹʮеֶΣٷ֮ٵգ˷һ˿һ˵ֻ΢ĩֵһᣬǶڰҫ˵ǿɵˡ
Ϣ󣬳׽˫Ŀһһâһɫŷҫ۵ĹԣһϮҫһɿ⣬ǰһƬҫ۶Ŀİҫеۡ
ϡ
׽ͷУһӥ쳹ԽմȾų𾢶תΪ˵֮ɫ⾪ޱȵƣǾ̴ϵˣװϵԽԽ࣬һĿɿڴı鿴ǰĽס
⣡ף׽Ϲʮ޵ĳ׽ƿ֮֮ʡˣϣˣλеڹ²УǶɸѾ㹻Ŀ־ˡ
ҫô޲ҫʲôɣˣҫǲãֻ£ˣݯݯҲǰľ𾪣侲Ǽ죬Ժѿʼ£ҫˣſҪܳɹ£ļƻ°빦
ʱҫۣ˶ʶıһһһ֮󣬳׽ѻָò
ߴ׿ͨӲӵ𣬳ɫԺһ˫ͫ쳣貣߰ͷ­ӸµĿǰˣо֮ƣֻϵİչֳΪ߲Żеİ
ҫ˴˫ۣһ͵Ŀű仯ĳ׽ҪʼתǾΥʮ״е˷֮ɽһ㳹ױһӣһ˷׽񣬶׽Ҳǳϵó˰ҫһơ
ĸͲˣ»ҪҪȥݣǺڰɣҫǰе˹˹֣վڳ׽ǿıϣ嶼ֱͦ˼֣˵ԵõͳˣĲһǰ㡣
еҲûн㣬˵߲ڰҫȫڳ׽񣬸㶵Ĺֱֻ׽Ϊһֱʣ˽˶˸ͷǻع
¼֮㣬죬ҫ;Ե·ƽ֣дƶ󺣵֮һ躣ţɱ˺ˣ֮´ܶ躣fɽȥ˵Ϲʮ֮һ׽
һţ¼װϵ۲ͣ˶ڸ̾ҫ׽ĹϵܹϹʮ޺ƽദ˶ȥίʵǲ˼˵Ľʺޣݯݯʢ
ǿԺգ飬ʲôôΧҫСӻǺһоΪСĽ£ҫӲҵģݯݯͷЦŰҫʧķ¶һ˿аȵЦݡ
գҫڶ鰿յĸоһǳҶķɿӥʣȻǴγ˵С⣬°ҫӥʱ䱬񶼣ҲŲСĵš
һΣֻҪҫϴʲô޴ľٶӦǲ᲼ϴεĺ󳾣ȻҫԼʱʱզզ״̬ôܣӦãҲðɣҫԺû֣
ۣôٶȣȻܲСôģ
ȻɫƲĸооأ
С֪ôҪȥŹɽŶȥɽǾŹɽŶҪȥˣҪɹͷŶ
С𰡣Ƿɶ찡˵ǶܵŹɽأٶȣҪأ˵ѽΪʲô˵أ
~~~~~~
꣬൱ķ꣬İҫûܵڰҫʱ֮󣬳׽񷢳һУһȸС״̬ҫ˶ˣǧɸ߿׹ĸоϤΪǵˡ
Ҳˣҫڸ߿׹Ѿᳵ·Ȼһʱһʱһθ߿׹ҫǿӲ׹أˤ˸᲻صˣڶιǿùȻĲƣҲֻ˶ѡ
һΣȽƽͬǧɸ߿գڴʱ˿̵İҫ˵Ѿ߱κв֮УֻҪҫ׼֣ˣǲܷ顣
Сңҫ׽ŪһֲѾʼ׹һʱţץҺ
ϣ
ðɣҲԣҲܾô°ܸߵİ˳׽ĻظҫƲƲ죬ͷӦԼе㷳׽ˣҲѹܲˡ
ˣģŹɽôٿռ׹ҫ˹壬ͬʱʥԶ׹ѹѹҫԵֿסѹ
ϣϣ
׽һչ˫ᣬܲΧŰҫ߷裬ĵطҲ׹չĶ׹ٶȿƵķǳȳƣҫˮƽٶȣ׽Ѿﵽ˷˼ĵزа֮֮
ô׼ôҸող˵ȥŹɽͣˣС㲻ƭҰɣҫԴֻɵһ۳׽
ϣ
׽ܲһ°۵ԴԹԱ졣
ڰҫµǧ֮࣬һСٲСٲ֮µϪһ鲻Сʯƽ̨ƽ̨֮һٻӰңǻɵգ̾ϢһҡͷܣʮӰشܶɱڵٻӰ
ʮˣҫ磡ٵأ


 ¥飡ɣѾͷɱ
ĪҪڲͷ¶βˣɣ
ɽׯַɽ̨ǧ˿Ʈ˳üĿʫ续ΣʤѩƣǾǰ㾪Ķǣʱü΢ƳһܣЩڵɱ֣һơ

ͳ˻ƣȻڸǹӰΧִܳһĹǰṦ֮ߣ̤ˮƽأɼ˾ʲô֮
һڻףǷڵ¼˸ʵԵúء
һĸߴ󣬻˫ȭоȭףϿ뺷ʮ㡣һԶҪ΢СһЩ˫ָ׶ȻֲŮòڸߴ׳ǰԼǲԾ¶İ֮ȻǸеĸ֡
˼еؿڴӡкɫ״ͼƣȥرƺʲô־ԵͼƣֵӰͼƽһģһȻͬһˣûһʡ͵ĵơ
Ǻ¥ˣʲôʱΪǵĿˣƳһ۶ؿϵͼƣ˫Ŀ΢΢Ц
¥ǿɱ֮һ¥֪֪ԣ֪䣬ص֪ʵݵ˲һ֮
¥棬ֻҪܸӦı꣬˲ɱεĿ¥ϵĿ꣬ųɾûȥڶ̫һγɱҲ¥ж֮Ȼ׶༪١
ǲֻ֪֪ͷǾ񣡡СɱֳصȻȺ˵ͷ졣
ҲӦ֪ʲôˣԽı䣬һɱɭȻӿ˫ͫҲʼɫת䡣
֪Ǻ¥ɱˣݱӵӵɱˣô򵥣ĸߴɱַǳ˵Ļص
ƣɱֽƷ߽׵ĺ¥ȫˣΪɱһˣӦûô򵥰ɣЦһ˫ĿһһתΪ֮ɫ鶯һּ֮⡣
һӣܵ¶˲½ңʯ̨Եˮ濪ʼƳӿѪʼᡣ
ǰһһС¥ɱ֣ʶļٷˣգ֮Զɿ⣬Ϊɱ֣ǽСġﵽ˼¡
˸˲գ֮䣬Ȼȷǿķ۵糸Ҳ첻İΪһеľţ۸ֿķ˼
ֻһӣתʮöͭڴŸԵĹ켣ͭںڶ˼еķ϶֮䣬ֲֹ죬Ҿ׼ޱȡ
˶һۣ΢΢ͷߴɱһˮ棬ʮ׵ľˣȭȭѹ쫷ϯǰͭں䣬Σ˲߽Ĺơ¥֮һȭ飡
ȭԹأΣɼӴȻǳ嶯ðȻ֮ˣعһҲǿСɱһ˳ƺ
Ʒ֮£ӡ˷һǰֱȥ͵ˮ涼ѹߣ֮ǿ侪ˣӾΪ˵Ҳϵĸ֡¥飬飡
ӡ˷Σ
ۼӡԵ쳣ȣ˿˫Ŀ΢΢һ˿Ц˫һڸԷɳһŰֱȥ
ͷβзᣬŰ·һ㣬ת׾ٵƿӡٶȸǿת˲ѵǰһ֮ڡ
ȸᣬˣ
һз֮棬ȭδţۼƽ˲аֵĴ⣬ȭ׶羪ΣһһͬʱйŰס
˾Ӽ产ˣΰ俪ȥǱ߽⣬ɴɭЦݿԿûпȥô򵥣İȻֻǺÿѡ
Ű⵽һ˲䣬˲ֿȭ鼲ȥͬʱһϸСƱһɢ飬òˡ
ھʵ̫⧲ĶֻʮɹӲվΪһʱ䵹ҲصĹֻֻŷЩȴ˳ޱ
Ӱ߼ܣĶԷӦؿھʹողǰشһеķһʱѣİһ죬ֶα仯ˣίʵ˷ʤ
ؿһĵۣѶϢᵽһѵһİţֻǶ˲֪Ȼŵزַ߱ǿ˾ģȻе͹ˡ
ȻҲ᷸ΪɱֵһɣȻĿǰǸֵǰΪԼӶӦеĴۡ
Ůޱеǿȭվˮ֮ϣʮףæ˹ʹ˵
̫ˣŮ֮͵ģд˽ѵһȳص
Ű͸侪ˣ׼ϻ׶˶˵ˣо֮࣬ǿҵķߺ֮⡣
֣
ȭͺһھ̨ܵУɴܳߵӰÿֲֳͬıͬһʽĻףŲ֦ˮƽߣṦǿӶĳʵǿ
һ죬գ֮Ժʮ֮ԶǰһԲֱͷ­ȷѸͷ񣬾׺ƥ֮һ޵ſ¡¥飬飡
Ǭɽȣŭ̫
˫һһ˫ƺƺһȻһ㣬ȴһ֮ƫͬʱָһöͬʱֱţ֮£޴ɶ㣬ɼƺҲûҪܵ˼
öٶȼ죬֮ľ벻ףֻǱеĽ֣ɾʯһ˲䣬öͭƿն£Ȼİȫ£׼ķֺüͷֱ塣
Զһ¥ɱֱ̧۶׼Уַɾ˵ǲضá¥飬飡
˫˦ޣۻңǵصİƻȳһ㱬ȴ·ַ֮ǿ֮죬Ȼ֮ľ֡
ȣ
ƾˣٺˣ꼰㣬Ҳţ˫չۻתǣ֮£һǿͻأ𣬷ƽǰİȫǣ˫˦֮֮֮İء
ľ裡
ŪһĻֹˣ֮⼸Ҳˣʼƾȫȥֵȳİķ䰵ַʵ̾Ϊֹ
ǰæŵֵȷѣһԽȳ˫硢˫ۡȥȷ絶ȾͷΪ޵
Ǭɽȣŭ
սسʱѾеҲȻҪţᱻԷ׷üһݴ˻ˣӲ
ѾͷĪţң
һǳͻأ𣬰һñĺХԼһɱޱȵĻ𾢣һӰʯ׹أ˫ȸպúţѹ뾲̨ܵĺˮС
ȣʯ쾪
ˮʮ׵ľ˸߶ȣˮײǱһĿĵӣ˿֮УϵǸ߿׹İҫ
Ѿͷҫ粻
ҫ磬ٵˣ


 ɣ뱣ܣɱ
PSոշ½ڸˣʵڱǸ죬ҫǻ죬ҫǿȴеĻҪǿĲԩҫɽˮˣfɽһ˵ҩǴһټʥͬʱϢƵҲת١
˫ոʩչʮ·ħɣǶ躣ŵңfɽҫƳһfɽʵ
fɽһƤݺݶѪˣ֪Լɱ飬ҫһ壬ô군ˣҲ군ˣӰҫոչֳʵҪɱ治ʲô¡
ǣҫкָ̣fɽҧҧӲͷƤص
ʱ躣ŵ˸ңɱ˲գ۵ĺǲɵӣҫʵǿĺܣʵ١
ҫĻƺǶԼλˣôˣǸòܲ˵뿪ǸԼλͳһսߡ
󣬿fɽƽҲ壬ȽϵģЩʹ£ȫĬĬľ£fɽ˼Ҳ൱ˡ
ǰһĻҫǸ߸𣬴һָĪЦݣڵûʲô˵Ƕ躣ŵ˼ɱϣҽ΢һ㣬о仰ѭӦˬеô
fɽصһոĶᵽɤۣҫһﻰ䣬Ƿһ£ж֮࣬Ҳ˲٣ڻصҫѵǣԺעģˣ
סܻ֮ţΪǰֵͦ㣬ĻȻ֪ҵţҲӦ֪ҲʲôĴ֮ˣһע㣬պٲһģ
fɽոתҫĻѴУԾļӿ֣ΪҫĻлһޱȵɱ⡣
ҫҲˣΪλԴ˵Ҳ棬ҫĻһҪģȻĻɱ֮Ϊҫ֣ڶзеݵļû˲֪
ʮǰħǴ¼λӸ֪һЩţолҫʵݣħĵӣ㣬׼躣ž׾٣գգƤ£ԣûfɽء
үģfɽǲʶʱ֮ˣүĻģfɽء
ŶҹȻ֪ôػүô֪˭ˣҲ῿ƣϲΪΪ֮˵뿪ɣҫЦһ
ƱǿҫȻֻһˣƥǧʵûfɽأ׼ҫƢһ˵ʲôģǵҫǿ޶
fɽֻܴ˻뿪ȥʱԼ֮һ֪ҫʱ˳ȫɱˣҸȫʬ֫岻ȫŵfɽӵʱʱ죬ԼԹûзҫĻԼ³²Щȥºö١
ڶ躣ų˸Ͻ֮󣬰ҫعܣеһɱĿɿڴ״̬ݯݯһĿƵĶԼţİҫֱü
죬ҫʵòǼǶֻ֮ľ콾ϱС㣬ҫӲСģԹԵСȹ֮ɣݯݯ΢Цж԰ҫ˼Ȥҫأݯݯʱе뷨Ȼ෴
лҫ֣ˮ֮У֮ǴСŮݯݯϵлˡݯݯǰǷ񣬴лҫ
ҫ˫ۻԴ˫ͫһţ࿴ݯݯۣݯݯΪҫҲ̰ͼԼò񶼷ˣа⣬°ҫļͽ˺üɡ
ȻֻݯݯһԸʵϰҫֻ˲俪һ±ͫһݯݯָԼеһģһǰ˱ҪԶ֮
˵ˣҫԼҲ͵ĸ·Ҫȥ˵ģκ·֢ûҩҽѰ׼Ҹ׼Ĵֻǳŵֱʣ˵ӦÿˣɺҹҫҲˣεİҫҲֻ⣬˼ǣðҫǰ£
֮Ͱˣ÷ϣҫ壬ǼȶȻܣҫȭһ΢Цڡ
ӣĻ֮ģСŮӾ壬ӲߵĻһҲôлӾ֮ݯݯ΢Цص
Ǿ߶ˣҫͬ΢Цص
ԵƬ̣СŮȰѴһ£빫ӳģ
˻ףΧеҲǻع񣬶ȻǵлĵлάĹάС˼ֽ
Ż죬ҫ΢߶ţڼʶҫʵ֮ûǸӷɻ䣬ȻΨΨŵŵҴ־⣬߷ηǰлҫҲûʲôһһӦнڣ˸߿һۡ
ݯݯİţ˸˾ְ鴬ֻ״֮ǰfɽһºڹ£ڵĴԱˮ֣ԼЩеˡ
֮ææµµʱݯݯҲʱ䣬ҫߣҫҲոհڹµƣڶԷǧл֮£ѿ
ǿΪ𣬼ʹλڹĴ󣬵ڰҫǰҲҪؾصĲǰϳɳأϣΪҫǿλڹ¾͸Сһҷ
ʵ֮ǰҳ֣ƾݯݯʵҲܻǰΣɣҫ̴ͷͷҲصĿڵڽӽԼݯݯŲһ٣üͣ
ôֵģݯݯ˫Ŀ΢΢ʣһɱȴʶıŷκпܱ¶ԼĴڣñҫҲ⡣
ܼ򵥣һڹҹףܿüڶ֮ǰʱܸоõľɱ⣬ʱ˿̡ҫָָԼ۾ָָԼԴ΢Цص
ɱǲɱݯݯˮкԥɱĻʹɱ˰ҫԼҲҪ˵ĴۣպǼ£һӰ졣ɱĻҫ֪Լ䣬һȥô죬һʱ仹治þߡ
ˣһҲֻ·˳ְˣģǽˮˮ߸·Ҳ;ߣʱ䲻Ҫңһ˾ҫȻ˵
ҫӣܰұܣݯݯһ£ʵ
ҲǶ֮ˣ˵ˣҲҵĵˣҫһڻص
ǾͶлҫˣݯݯˣټݯݯ΢΢Ƿȥ
ϣ
׽ڰҫļϣһҫһ˫Ŀľϲ֮ɫڵ½ôôҾ˵ûɣ


 ڣ¾飡һɱ
PSɱ󱬷һСʱһչֱ5㡢6㡢7㡢8㡢9УΪףһԪѽڣԼþûд󱬷ˣ֮ǰЩöԲϣıǸ⣡ףңԪڿ֣
ǧɸ߿׹ʱϰҫ񹦵ھʮɹעһаռһʽĺ˷ǳ˹鼴ʹҲزУһӹɡ
ˮأҫصʯ̨֮ϣһֻʣ鶪ڵ棬Դ˴֮²ΧҲ쳣
׹֮ʱµɱսⱻ׾ٵĲ׽о˪ʱǼӿ׹ٶȣøչһ˲佫
Ѿͷҫ粻ҫƤЦǰΥʽͷ
ҲͬȥǰӣõƲƲ죬ڵҫ磬ʮأ˵ʮǰܵģ
˵С⣬ʱڱչ֮·ֵһʱ䣬ˣѾͷѽҫɦɦףһεĻص
չءţȽǰ鷳˵ɣ˵ͷڻصȻ˷ֱ𲻹һ£ȫԿʱҫڱ¥ɱְΧҲʱʱȥ˵Щ
û£ңܿͺãҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
źˣȭȵҿ̫ǰİҫеޱȵѹļ£ӸոչֳʵԿԼ»ǰҫһ֮
죬ҫļͼƣǽǿɱ֮һġ¥ɣҫ΢ЦͷһУᾢһ£Ʈȭǰ˽¡
죬ҫҲϣǵĿ꣬߹ֵĿ꣡ȭ鿴һۣ˵
Ӹոһʵ鱨ǿʮֹǲĶ֣ɱˣֻˣٴӳ飡鲻ɫĴء
ôҫ߹ֶеȭôɣһʶĸооҫʵûб濴ȥô򵥡
߹ֵʵԺ¥߹ȫ֮ΪӦܹ°ҫҲû룬ֻˣȴ̫ʵΪҫĶǡ
ߣȭһȣԶӦ¼ܣҪȥΣȭ飬˴齫ʩչޣٺ󳷡
˾ߣô˵£ӹ
ھ˸ոն֮ʣҫЦͺȣ˫һչתһܣתΪǣһֱ֮ǳ̫ͼ˲ۣΧ֮㣬ίʵޱȡŰҫ˫һǿ˵籩Ȼȫأƺòˡ
Ųƣ
ҫһ֣ǼĻûĶеޱľ
ģ˵һеҫùʮΣʱ˿̵ȣֱ֮СһĲ˼飬һ¶ѣҫѾôԶʵеԽܡ
ûģ˵¥飬ǿ籩ίʵ˵󣬾ʮɹã׷ױ䷴أʩչṦסζҫǿķΧеˡ
Ѿͷôҫۼ˱ԼأɭһЦͷҲصʵʶĿڵǱˣǽʵͨȥһְɱ鷳ģ
ţͷתȥҫ˵ͷڵҲǷǳɵת
ոתһ̣ҫֱһ罾֮£һŭŰҫηڶ˳ƶΪƥѵһƣеˡ
ƣɽ
飬彣飬飬󵶱ѣ飬۶ϣ٣ؿڸһһģһĻӡҫһһƽǵ飬ĳ׵ףʵı
ŵȫأϣסһأ˫һаʮöУҪ̧֮ʣһֻѾ֮ϡ
ٶ죬ȴɸϲϰҫҲǰҫ֮һƣṦȥǿֹٶȿ쵽ȫûӦĵزһһƺǿƾ뺧˵Ļ𾢣ںϿѹ֮£ͷ­һ㱬
ƣƸǶ
Уɣˣ֮ǰҲ籩ȥǱɣƴɣȻסӣǽıжཹѿ
˵ʱʱ죬黰֮ʣͬʱͷԺ䣬֮˷ֱĸȥΪǷɢҫעðҫдȻԾĹ
ҫɭһЦ˫ʳָָβָָĴָڿۣ󽣡ٳ彣̽һǰһ͸ָ޳âٶȿʯצָŸոأͷ­һûع񣬱
¥飬񽭺İɱŶӣ񲻹ո棬㱻ҫɵɱˣǾ̫ǰҫ̫ǿǿ㹻ʸ
Уҫ̫ǿˣֻ·һƴһսһȭͺһʱ˿̻ܱһ侲Ҳ˵ˣԼ鱻ҫ¾ԼҲΨƴһ;
ۼƴ֮ģҫҲʲôһ缲ƿգգ֮ѵȭͷһƵͷ£âƥޱȣҪٻ磬ɼҫҲûв׾һֱȫԸ
գ
ȭųɹһȭҫƵ֮ңɲ֣ȭΣֱϣҫƵԺһ˲䣬ĺ˷ɢѹĺ氫˰ࡣ
ҫƵ֮صһֹ֮ϱƥĻ𾢣ȭƥУȭƵһǿ˵ľֱӽȭʧΣ¶
һ˲ڰҫֶ˵㹻ɱԷʮˣҫҲֵİסһתƵ˳նâһɨնȭʺһױȣȭҲֻڰҫ֮£޵
ȭһ˲䣬ѾʮɹӸ¶׼ҫƽǿһУӡ춯أ̩ɽѹ֮ѹİҫʯ̨ƷɢƷۣŭ֮¡
ӡŭ
Ѿ˰ˣ֮£ȭ֮鴴ĻᣬѾԼȫǱһвɹʡ
ӡڣҪƴҫֻΪȡʤѣ˫Բת֮Ťת֮£ǿж֮ƾһɶѪĶ
Ųƣ
ҫ˫һǣ֮£أҫ˳һֱţȾдֱ֮ţ֮ǿֲĺˣһ֮Ѫڵһ㱻ɳȥ
ȣ޲ս޵У
ˣһʹɣۼ鱻Լɣҫ̾ϢһĴָâҷ񣬺䴩Ķͷ֮ʱһʬ壬¥ȫ
ȮɽɥѪ·Ǻ¥Ӧϵôһİɣ


ڰ ֮һǣ뿪ʼ㣡ɱ
Ҳ˵ҫǵǹ¶˵ĺܣǿǳ尢Ҳǵ񽭺۷֣ӣ޽ǳڵҫ˵ͷ
ȻǰϾ£չ֮뿪ħٺƮ죬ų׽Ÿϵģ˵ҫҲŵͷ
󣬰ҫñط֮꣬ȻҪԲһЩʱյĻҫĶ֮Уе㷢£ϾеھĶˡ
ǳ׽أոշʣ֮ϱ㴫һ߿һֻȸСĽɫСǰ
ǰĽɫСһϲĲˣȻָȥСҫҪֹû뵽׽ƺҲǳϲָ⣬СţҲͣĶС棬İҫе¡
ⲻʲôͨСǳ׽񰡣Ϲʮ֮һ֮յİȻһڶûУֺѵҲǱɫԻˣ
Ѿͷļ˭ô󵨣Ȼҷŵɱ㣡ĻǺ¥İɱԷͷСҫһʵų׽飬ҲǱŤĺܣô㲻ƽ̬׽ûԼôѽ
ʵֻǰǿɱ¥ʮڤ򶼽ӵһݰɱˣǿİſҶڴأֻǵǺ¥ѡų׽񣬽Լļϣ΢Ц˵һɵģƺԼɱĴ
ŶǴֱʰ˭ôȻҪɱſЩ콾󲿷ֱ侪ˣֱΪҫüоûб濴ȥô򵥡
ͲǺˣܹ֮һΪ࣬ʮ󳬼Ҳ£µıʲôıأ˸ҫ߿Ц
ĸô˵ҫʵ
ǵ˵ˣСһ㣬ǻĻɽһ𣬺ñǣһЩرԭû취뿪ѩѱܸʵԵԮأص
ʱزȥأʱе㲻ãֻȥɽѡαȡ֮˳һ˰ɣҫϸһ󣬿ڵ
αı֮ǰҪһļҫܹɹȡαתǰôеʮҪп΢Ц˵
أǰŴδǣڸһգûǵĽ졣ǰæϵɽ͹ҲҪɣҲñ֪֮ҫԴǵ˵˵ʵڵģûƷɣҫнʵɾֻͣβŻﵽ֪ͼǰҫԸ
Ȼģҵۣ˫Ҳǰ裬лﵽǰȻҪ岻ݴΪȻ΢Ц˵ҫҲһЦ˸ԷԴϧذ
ѾͷӽԺͬĿɺãҫ崺΢Цڵ
Ȼҫ絽Ҿ͵׼ŶȻһЦҫ˰⡣
Ȼ࣬˴˼㺷ǵûеӵŨ˼֮ԽԽֻ֮İ⡣
ҫӣС죬ʱĶֻжԷ̨֮ϰҫ˵Ӱɵ֮£Եø
Ѿͷٹ¾ĳ˰ɣӵ֮󣬰ҫŽ΢Ц
ţߺ֮ɫӦһ֪ҫ˵ʲôҲϣһ㵽
Ҳ׼Ƹ׿ҫһ΢Ц˵ȥЦȴ͸¶һ˿ζ
ҫ缱ʲôѽҪȼҫĵԼֳǲеģȻģһľ͸ķѣޣ齿ޱȡȻС¹ײŵĺܣ׼ǻǽĵġ
ҫԼĸĸˣҲĺܣԼҲüҫĸĸŶԣǰҫǹ¶Ҳÿһ㣬ʱͬգҫļǼҲ٣Ƕ˶óһŵˣȻóȻ¡
ţҲеѾͷʲô鶼ѹһ£һҪȥ죡ҫһһµ˵Ҳͬʶʲô˽֮ɫ쳣ĵ˵ͷ
ʦ𣡵ȥǰﹷ֣Լ֮飡ҫ˫ȭɱ죬Ǿ̨ǿɽׯĺɽɽׯԼһеĿʼܵԹҲúúһˡ
Ʒ壬챤أԪ崺ЦݣƷ裬ңԶϦոƹضãڸոԼľΪ˲СѾﵽʥ۷ٽ㣬֮Ͳһš
Ԫʮ㣬ض֮ٴͻƣﵽ֮֮У챤ҲȻͻƶˮߣΪеһָտɴ
ţϦôˣԪһüͷǰϦüΪ졣
ԭĽ֮ɫʼųɫת䣬һϼĸоֵǣǰϼˣԪ¾ȻһѪڵ֮Уίʵѵ
ԪҹһŭȺñȾȻը죬˲䴫챤
ŭ֮ע侪ˣ챤Ϊ˵ֱӱ˹ȥ˾磬ûʥΪѪڣͷۻ
þ˵ĹҶĤʹ֮£Ԫ𾪣еĲ豭յķ飬ˮһأǰһƬϼ֮£һâٳ̶̵һ֮ɽ֮ϣޱȣ·һ㣬һӰ֮ϡ
󵨣ҷ챤ɽҶɣһ֮ǿ֮ǰǵضá
ոһ˲䣬ӰӱڷӳֱɽҶȥٶȿľˣǻĺʵ̶˽ʥ۷ΪòϸͣȻǷ챤ĳǣһʱ鿴ˡ
ߣƾǣֱЦ
ӰмЦһٴλΪһâһһƣͺ䣬ƾ֮ңϵĻ׾ٵĺ䴩ؿһĿĵĻӡ˱һƺУһ⡣
Ԫˣɵˣˣŵˣϵʵжǿһ벻ಮ٣֣ʹԼҪ˱ᡣ
Ӱǰ˾ͬոѧ·ĺͯ˱δ󺺸Ͳһˮƽϣ׾ٵɱôԼأӰָյҪԼˣԼǱɡ
ڽԪɵһ˲䣬ӰѺ׶Զľ룬Ծ˲Ϣ֮ԷɴܵԪڵ¥㣬żӰô˫ָľֵĽԪǰ
ɢȥһ信꣬Ԫһò˲ŵֽŷɸͲûڵء
˫Ŀ΢΢ɭЦ洺磬ĲôծǲǸûһˣ
㣬㣬ǰҫ


ھ ﲻ븴֮𣡣ɱ
ǰ·İҫԪе㲻̫Լ۾һʱ䣬ҫȻǿֵز˵ʵеھˡ
뵱꣬ɽׯ֮ʱǰСҪ֮͵ϮͻϮǿԼΣҪǵȲ˵ǰҫȻԼĶ֣֮ڱȡ
ɽʱأҫɢǿƣԼ֮ǰսԼǰͷ·һ㣬ĸо쳣̡
ɶ񣬻ΪǸҫֻѣû뵽һѣӾȻ˹ֲľ츳ֱԪо㵣һɼ˿־ĸоڳŴԣӵӣԾȥ
ҫڽϵΪ죬ʵһ֮󣬾Ѿ㴫ֻǽԪʶûн뵽ǰҫˣϾеͬͬնȥˣ˵ӦòôɣƫƫԸΥôɡ
Ԫڸ·һԾһֱ㣬Լѡɣҫ˫ָɭ䣬ޱȣѹŽԪ
ԪҧҧҪ֮ʱһ챤ĵˣҴææ¥ֻո̤¥һ̣˲ܵ˰ҫѹ
ǳ֮ɲҫѹ˫һعڵأ亹ԾһֵĿŰҫЩ챤ĵǸǲֱӱҫ˵¥ݼ䣬¥㶼ϲȥ
˭ҫѹȣûҧ飬ҫĲʵ̫ˣ󵽵ֵҫƶĳνпǽԪӡ
ڣȥԪһ꣬ŵôʧɫ侪Ŀ˰ҫһۣ°ҫǨŭԼΨһӣڡ
Ԫ֪ڵʲôɲأԩͷծҲ߱ɱ֮ˣֻȡһ޹أҫƳһ۽ԪżɫҲ֪Է룬ԹмǨŭˣ˵Լı⡣
˵Ԫҧҧ־ʵ
ҫ˵ȥĻûвģԼҫƲһ۽ڣĻص
ã㣬һû뵽㣡ƮƮɽİͽ壬ˣôԪȻһЦдһ㰧֮⣬ҫü̾Ϣһ˵ͷ
Ԫȭһ֪Լûӣһռ䶼ڰҫ֮£ԼһһӲҫĸ֪ӰҫʱṦԼӲȥȻǷ뷴Ĵ㡣
ԪڽڵĶ˵һ仰˫ͫȻŴ󣬴㶵ԪǴһֹذЦĽڵļҫǰ
ҫüͷ΢΢𣬴һֹŹֵŽԪţԪ̾Ϣһڵϣ˵Ź㣡ҪͷԶְ
ʲôҪ˵ôҫ˵ͷڵ
ǺǣɱҲûãɽׯĻ֣ģҲûѡȨǣǾ͵Ԫ̾һҡҡͷ
֪аİɣǵծһһһֻأڣȻծɣҫ˵˳һصĺڽԪ֮ϡ
ҿ񱩣ѵԪһڵһ㱻ҫɣֱǽײһİ֮󣬲Ȼء
񹦵ǱҾڽԪҴܣݻһֱ֮ӽٳޣԪ͵һѪһ˼Ŀҫ
ҵĵΪʲôǲҪɱôԪԼĵѱ񹦵Ĵ𾢷ٻ٣ɢһĹɢúľҲῪʼˣϹˡ
ȻַϹҲҩɾȣһЩƷ΢һĵҩǿ޲ģʱһԻȷϹǰҪǿԪҲ֪һ㣬Եúǲ졣
ΪʲôֻͻȻﲻУ㲻һˣǸøףҫ»һΪһâ·ɴʧȥӰ
ϸ㿴ҿ㣬һʱ䶼ûعµһոһ˲仹ǰһȦ֮ǰҫһƣԪΪԼˣͬʱڲҪĻҪɵ¡
챤ɽ֮⣬ҫ䣬ľ޴Ҷ֮£εĵȴţۼҫع飬ǰЦҫ磬ôôʱ䣿챤Ӧûʲôĸ֣ܰôõİ
ǣģҷĵûɱҫ΢΢ҡͷڵ
Ŷôֲɱˣ΢΢΢Цʵ˵ʵڵģ治ϣҫ̫ɱ¾֮ϲɱСʹ룬뿴ġ
ʵ鸴ҲδضҪɱ⣬Щ˵ĳЩ滹ֵԭµġѾͷǲ̫ˣҫƲƲ죬ڵ
ѽҫˣⲻɱ¾ϣֻɱɱ֮ˣǰҫѽһ˵ûıȰҫŶҪԼľģסҫֱۣЦ˵ϵĳҲͬߴߴиͣŪðҫ亹ֱ
ðɣðɣ˵ĶԣСҲôͽѵҽѵûɣҫһ۳ֹţԴӼ֮󣬳ͲļϴˣǱȽϲ
ҫ磬㻹ʵ
һϵĻ֮ͨѾԳ黥ͨıȽף˵ʲô˼˵ĻҲܹͨݳöĻ
˵ƪƪʱ򣬻Ԫϣ޴ȥͨﲻͨ澳ء
ռƪ黯ƪ׶û˵Ϲ˴ﵽֻһ仰ǾǶ֮컯֮ҫ˵
ýζвԾ¶֮ɫ˵Ů֮٣ɻҫ˵ǰ׼Ѫ޷ָеһ˿źĬꡣ
Ѿͷѧûϵģæˣǻȥ׸취˵ܽأҫź֣΢Ц
˵ǸĸϲôǲǸŪʲôģΪôҲи׼õʱʧǰ̫õģСһ죬޴Ľ
û£ǺദģȰǰ¸˰ɣͬӹͬɣܹжʮһһţҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ЦԵ΢Цͷ
Ϧӳ£һ񣬽нԶȥǸ֮·һĿꡣҫĸ֮ڽﳹϯʡǰǣʮСһɣ
ҫҲý˵ľ壬ɱ¾ֻԵɽׯծҴ󲿷ûйа֮ˣֻǷϹ£ЩаɣȻľ֮¡
ɱ¾ϵΪǵõ˵ͣ죬ҫͷҲʼԽ˴¼ȻǴ¥¼ڲᣬ֮죬ԸǺʡա


ʮ ӵʵ봿壡ɱ
ţʡǿһû֮һʡ򽫽߳ɵӻÿɵĽ죬һ֮УΪ
ֻǽʱյţʷΣΪҫĸ֮ڵյŵأƸ죬ѪȾء
ҫĵΪʵ׼ϾǰҫֵеϢⲻסȻᴫӵĶС
û뵽ǣǵ͹˰ҫʵĴһɽսһӣĴϤ˲Ұܣֻʣһҫսݡ
¡ų֮һ̷Ϊֻ˿̱һ֮У٣²˳ӡ֮أҽҲӰܵļҡ
ͨų֮һܵãΪʱһ֮ڣ˫۱͹ûۿŰݣʲôһ㣬Ҳ̶ãʣһ
죬ų֮һĴΨһһ֮ˣ˽ˣĴһ˶ķμֱӱԵ쳣Ŀġ
ԣϣȨλصĳϣӵڵΪ¼ͽĴһ£֮£ǿΪ֮ˣҲΨһһʶˡ
겻ʮʵȻˣˣȻӲʽ׷ײҰ˵زҪִȣϷҪɥȪˣо㵣еѪֹסµ˲ϡ
֮ϣһɼǵĵˣ쵽¡ȥһûԿƶǣʿ룬˵صĲأҪƾŶ˵ҩԼĹס³ҲǰλϺõȥ
͵ĿȳһѪˣս͵ĿԺԲƣսҲ𲻵˿ˣҲֻ̧ܰ̾ͷңɽͱϣ˵ľս
ţѾûǸʵȥӸҫս֣ڰҫǿֲս£ʵ֣֪ôģŵĵǣûʵ뱾¡
䣡
ҫ˫ƶԺ䣬һըװľ죬֮£ͬʱһߣ࣬ÿһ±ϲȳһСӣ˴˷ֿʮңţΪԷչֳĿֲʵе
ŶãҲһһˣӾȻѾ뱾սֵزһĴϣ뵱ӿĻƲֻһܽˣȻֵزֱеа롣
ԭӵʵʥ۷Ϊڿ۷Ϊ۷أƺô֮ζѵ۷֮仹ʲôĽײ㲻ɣҪɱӱеѺܶడҫа롣
˱˴˼ɵţΪҫĽе㵣ϾԼȵǿ֮ǰҫһʱ򣬷ӵ쾡£ĥļ䣬ҫʵʵС
ҫڶӵʵ䱸ѣ޼ޱȣԵҲҫľͬڼԣңƵ׻֮սͣһʱᣬҫò
ӵʵҲö˵ʲôˣҵлսȭôⱳҲҪ˵а֮һֻʵǿ̫ˣôеʣ༸أжǿ
ҫˤˤԴջ˼ڴս֮Уݲ̫˵˫ۺ޷˦ָڿָָۣâɫָâͣıֱӶȥ
񽣣˽
ҫֿҲ˿ûз̬ۼָâΰϮһ˫һԣ˫ת̣һɺƥ׻񾢣һ罫âǣɣǡô
ƣ׻޶
ԣôûûˣСӲûôѾʼԽļΪҫľ񽣲ûб׻⡣
ӽӹһâ֮֮ĵڶƸӵѸͣâٶȸӿݣ켣Ҳӵĵ꣬һƣɲֹ
ƵеļԺԲƣҫĻ̶ȣĳԤϣ޾һ㣬ֹάǿĹƣûзֺļ
˵ʱʱ죬Ӵ㵵һ˲䣬󽣻ֱһǳǳĽۣ彣СҲ࣬̽ۼ򣬽ֻһˣ
Ȼ׷˵ĲأֻԵģȫ⼸Ҫʱ¸Ҫʧ֣ʱҫ˫Ѿ쵽Ըϵĵزڵָָ֮䲻ͣתָâƱһ㼤
ҫĳ뽣ƣʵھˣѾԽԽϰҫٶȣнڲͣӣĹȫʧأҫɭһЦ˫ֲͣԽ׺ݣҧгݣߺ޲ѡ
̰ʤ֪䣬С⣬з㡣׻壬壡
һȣ֮ǿ±ڶʼ̳Ȼչ˵ĳâͬʱâ绡ҫľȫ飬˲䷴ѹҫ产ˡ
ϣ˹ʽ⣬ּǿĸͳΪ鷨ϸΪĴֱ࣬ΪѪͫԼʱ˿ʩչ֮
޾ǿ֪ѪѪ֮ͬͬ巽ĸͫ˫ͫӾ𵽸ŵ˼ά֪Ч
֮˼壬ȵǿǡ硢ѪĤอٵʷĸܣÿһ֮¶֮мСļʻһķԼĹϡ
ҫҲһ֮Ҳⲿ֮ðҫȹСʱڣ巨
ֻⲿ֮ԶԵеͼˣֻ졢ءˡPƷеPƷˣӵPƷġ塯һ׶࣬Ȼͬն
ʩչ֮һɿֲ˵ϯķҫľ񽣶ݺݴ޷ά֣һ˲䣬ðҫеһļ֮Уüͷ
ȫλ⣬ҳ㣡ҫһ˫ͫӵй켣ֻȴڣⷽҲֻܽȫķҪԣӷķˡ
ҫԺеոշԸһ˲ֻգ۶ɾգ۶ӵԺʮɵľ룬ҫţٶȿĲ˼顣
һ֮죬ҫе㷴ӦҪ֪ڵİҫѾʩչеĸѪصȫӦϾȻ˰ģһӱüΪ
ҫǰҫڱܷӦʹ£͵ĳƶԺ䣬ϧ㣬˲䱻ɳʮɿ⣬Ҳһ׷ᡣ
ⳡ֮սŸոտʼѡ
˰׿⣬һֳףò㲻꣬΢ЦĹۿŶ˵ļս˵ֻŰҫһˡ
ĸ磬ǰϣûеǿ


ʮһ ַ壡һɱ󱬷
ɨϣʱ1.76룬ĿڴҸ ߹ǣʮ֣λӲ㣬ڶԷжʱһļ϶ննΧΪ0.01ƽףλѽбʶʼ˼ά
ҫԺУʱҫԸɨ㣬ֻǹӰˡ
ɾǷĹѾϰУ֮ӣսϣת˲Ťתս֣˵ѹŰҫ򣬵ҲƵİҫض๥٣Ǳ
Ȼҫһʱ·磬ҲصףһʱҪ°ҫҲûôףҫҲǿһ㣬ռԼֲ˼΢ֶι⣬Ҳʧûʲô̫صơ
ڡĸ£ҫǰķߡֱһź㣬ҫֻһ۱Ѽ£ͨͫص֣˵ͫ˹ܵ΢Եã绢
©ÿֻһʱͣһ̻ܵǿҵķҵϾ۷壬ο۷Ҫǿܶ౶ֻ˻ˣҫıս֣˵ʵڵģʱ֪ڣҪɹҲûеô򵥡
ҫ˼һǰӵĹ籩Ϯǵأòˣһ׻֮дŲӡ·Ҫǰһ٣׺ޱȡ
ƣ׻죡
һƼͣҫ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬲˷˫һ㶼ƽ֯纣֮ң𺣷ӿһŭХϣȻӵƺѽѷָ֣¡
ƣޱߣ
ҫӵƶԺ䣬ίʵھ춯أѴ±ڴصУһӲӲĶԺ䣬ɵನѽķԲ׵ľ˸ɾֳ˵һƬǽ壬òˡ
ߣȹ֪νЦ԰ҫչӦ֮Եúǲмһˡ
ҲǣԷƷĶԺ䣬ľǹľֻҪһ˿һ˲ΰĶԺ䣬һ˲㹻Էٲˣڹϣ쳣š
ҫأûжʲôڹ϶ʱڲ̫⣬Ҫɱӣ޶ҲҪ׵׵ķһ뵤ͬʱϵҲѾ˶Բߡ
˫Ժ䲻һ룬˴˴ϰƣǹɺ˵Ĵ𾢣Ѿҵ·ԭ֮ѽеĶ֦ٳɷɻҡ
ǰһӺļңһӣҫ˲Уұ޹ǣ߳ͻϮӵҲಱ缲ƿգӱ˶һæƻط
ƣţ
һطֱֶһҲƵ˭֪ҫһвУұһأתһƵԲ˳ƺֱȡಱٶȱ֮ǰһ࣬ҿ񱩣ǶȸǺ꣬һǺйʮ㣬Ѹѵ
գ
ߣӲһΣ壬ĹƲҵķûһƱʱ˶㣡
зݣ塯˵ܣֱͦ˲ӲһǰҫƵһ֮֮ͣңǳӵһȥûȥ
˵ʵڵģһ˲䣬аң壬򣬹ƾԼףͷ­ҪնɡʹûˣɱնѪڣһѪ
ʯһ˲䣬ӿ˰ҫһ̧־һƣųɹµһƣ֮ң֮ͣ춯أ·ۼڵ֮ϣƺޱȣӡд׻֮绡˸𾢱ڣڰҫ֮ϡ
ƣӡ
ҫˣˣô˹һѪȥƼأֻǿȥѣʵµȫûеôء
ӵƾͨʥ˼ʵ˫ط£ʵֻ֮ˣҫĿҲﵽˡ
Ӻҫһ˲䣬ĿߡĺˣһסˣȻգ֮䣬԰ҫķӦ˵ȫ㹻ˡ
ۼҫֻһѪûбɣûеز𣬷ԼɭȻһЦŵøæٺˣû뵽ԼųɹµƣֻǺ˰ҫѣ˵Ļأ治Լ١
ȻԼһ޹ôҫķƱͣòˣҫȵľˣˣ⣬ҷǳǣŵĺûˡ
˵ʱʱ죬˿ףҫָʳָβָָѾεĽָȡࡢɫۡ
ɫâٳ塢̣Կ磬ƥƣӵٶȲ첻ҫĽâĿת˲Ըһ֮һҺԼ˵绡ɢڰҫǰ
ӵġ׻塯űƣ˲䱼ʱҲӷ˺ĵڶ룬˶Ժ䷴ֱҫƿӵ壬ȥʮңĸ֣ôʱҲ㹻ʤˡ
ܣô֪ҵڣͫת˲ţôͬʱ׽ⲻܣ˫Ŀ죬԰֮˳Űҫȣʼն벻ͨҫôԼڡ
ˣѪֹס屻ҫˣûʮض޲ɣѪңอܵһĴˣһصĺܰ
ǵǼƵôˣͺˣҫ³һѪˮߵǰͷЦ
ǼƵһ˫Ŀţҫ˵ͷڵ֪ˣ
תȻʧɫԭ֮ǰһƵֻǷô򵥣ƵĻ֮󣬻һ㣬Ӵһųַ϶һ˲䣬𾢶ס˷϶
ҲӶˣֻҪҫջػ𾢣ֱӾͻᱩ¶ǰҫ֮ǰԤսսҪӸԼһӲƴӲ뷨ӶԼȦס
ŵĻ֮󣬷Լ˰ҫȦף޵ҧгݣݺݵĶŰҫš
ôңӦ֪Ϊʲôɱʦ֮ǴŽҪѪϴˣôᣬ㲻įģҫ׶ЦһɭȻޱȣɱޱȡ
ǺǣɱҵģĨϵѪɭһЦƺ׼ʲô֡
ҲţҫЦһ̧𣬻𾢷ƣ֮£ŻԲƥǰĿŤ
ΪбүڣҫûɱĻᣡ
һЦǳͻأĴҫĶУڰҫһֳ磬ɫ׵Ŀ꣬һŵ΢ЦŰҫ
ңһĳ֣ʱϲæȡ
Ǻǣа治ٰҫҲͷЦ
һۣ˵ĸϣɾҹ۲죬ûеǿ΢Цص֮У԰ҫ˲м֮⡣
Ͷĸ磿Ǻǣĸǰ֮ϣҲԣûеǿҫЦһһתлڵһֱȥ
֪СҪƽ⣬׵ģ


ʮ ɱ
񹦵⹦Уǿĵһ˫ơǴ̩֮ãν˫ֵþһһСƷ
СƵк⹦Լ֮Ŀǣ򣬻žŤⲿǿ˵Ļ𾢽з˫ֲ˽ͷöǣСǿԶңطλġ
ԴӰҫСгܹ֮ùΣһǶսǧޡƺЧڶǴսͶʤǶսС֣ʤ
Ҳ˵԰ҫС˵ûʧ֣Ĵʩչֻǵǰа˵Сʱҫһ˿̫õĸо
ߣ㵲סСҪӣ룡ҫа룬ӾԼԼǰҪӾͱҪԼʹܵסСҲδعԼһء
Сȥƿޱȣһɼȵʼնһŵ΢ЦһһȻ壬ޱߵᾢཻȻǰС֮ϡ
ղã
ԭЦһбСأٶȾȻȰҫʱҪ졣
ҫüͷ΢΢𣬴һյСٷؿԿ˾ԲСʵĪ⣬ȼͶ٣ܡҪǿһЩ
ۼСأ԰ҫһƣתĽСС
ֻһգСȻȻγһζʮٲ֮£ҫ˲䶯á
СʵѧղĵЦȻӰҫڰҫߣһĳ֮ɫ
ԭڰҫһ˲䣬ʩչṦӣ˴֮ʮɵľ룬һѵṦ֮ߣ֮죬ίʵš
֪ƻΪסңĴΣҫɭһЦǸ߸ֺݺһգСűɢ˺ƺΰϯķԼɢˡ
Ӳˣսңڻ𾢺ƺ˰ɢʱҫͺһ˫ĴָͷҲصƽܻȫҫջ㣬ͬҫĴͬʱ
ŶСˣշеǿһŶ˫â֮죬껰֮ʣâѵüޣֻ껹ǸеģоҫĹȫûв
˫һ˳ʱԲʱת˫֮ǰǿһֹȥ޾Ԩ˫âɣ˫һϣѹ֮£˫â˲ɢ
ߵ
ǿͻؾһкˣ껯⽣֮˫һѹѹţһͣŻһ㼲ֱҫȥ
ǿҵľϮҫ˫Ŀһת֮ܶʣֱ˳ƺһƣһ֮ͣȻһߴһɵĻӡɢҵչҵײ
ƣɽ
Ȼһ죬⿴ȥţڰҫĻӡһ˲Ȼǿٽըҩըӡ״ݻ֮ʣྡྷǲԲʮ׵ķΧòˡ
һƬɳʯ֮ʣһϮҫ֮죬ķѹֱӽܵĳԣȥƼ֮ͣգ۵Ĺ򣬾Ѳҵľ롣
Цݱ쳣棬ǰҫļ죬ڵһ㣬ƼңƵٵģһǳͻأĳУƱҪҫúõĶһ
ҫһ֮ɫһһֱŶѹ֮ǿ˲Ϣ֮УȾ֮ǿƲɵ·ǰһɽڰҫĽ¶Ҫݺ̤ƽԵһȣֱš
ȣ޲ս޵У
˫Ŀ΢΢ȻգֱҫӿȪѨȭʵһȭһֹƣ⧲֮µĲƺǺİҫһѣУĤֱ죬ܡ
ɱ
ߣΪжԭҲˣ
һе֣ɭһЦҫһ˲ʧ㹻ԼɱüΣɿֱҫĵĿʺüĵҪҫɱ
˵̫ˣҫһͺȣھ񹦵ĵھʮɹ£һɼ产˻뷴곹׵֮£ֱͬһ㣬ʹޱȡ
ҫ֮󣬾񽣰˽뷢ɫâƿն켣ѱ棬۵糸Ѹײڶ֮ƣ׷겻š
ж죬գֻۣ֮ǿԶҫĹƣֻһ֮󣬽âһ˲䣬·ţ뺣ıһȦȦһͷûе֮ǿҫڰզࡣ
ɱܣ
ҾͲţ˲㣡
ҫзݣ˫Ĵָһԣ˫ָ֮䣬ҫ۵ĳɫ㣬һӣһâֲĽ֮ǰ˽ܺͻҪǿķ˼
񽣣˫ϲգ޼᲻ݣ
ߣ͸ƴһУ
ݺҧＱת֯һɢҫоԼǰľȻûйɵŤڵѪҰҲһѪȻˡ
˰ҫҫĽâҲݺݺɣ˫ʩչѧӲӲƴһأ˭ˣǾҪǶ˵ۺʵˣʽǿڹȱһɵġ
ʱİҫͷۻڷڣ֪Լˣֻ֪ԼôеģƵǳ׸ȴҲɱȫû
ӣҪվͷһټӱɱ㣡ȻֻһԽԽԶƣӵӰҲѾ֪٣Ȼˡ
ߣûôףҵ׷٣ҫ˫üθն֮ʣȴһٻӰסȥ·
ҫ磬Ī׷ӵͶһʱ䣬ϣֻһǱѰֻթ˵
ҫͣסΣ˼һ󣬵ͷصѾͷʲôʱġ
ʵҫոֵʱҾ͵ˣԿһŶ΢Цص
ͶаҲǣҳƼͶΪĸ磬λаûడҫһѹƣһߵ̾Ϣ˵ʵڵģ֮ǰλаȷǿĿ£ԼҪʤҲֻˡ
ɱаеϰˣһ
аӣǳ޼ľŸô


ʮ аӣţ
аӣ˵ʵڵģ֪˻治ֻ࣬һЩʵ֪еܡνаӣʵǡа񡯳޼ãֻӣҲ״ӡ
Ӹ츳ԳӡСа񡯳޵УԼھӡɺŰɱƶΪͣ޵أ񣬾֮ǿ
ڰҫϵļͶеģš霹ӡ֮ǰҫ֣ҳɹȫ˵һ֮еڰˣȻȽϿ󣬵һʵͶҪǿﲻֹΪšɱ
ʣµĶӡӡӡӡЩʲô£жǿҲΪò˶ãҫֵǽһһչ춯صս
˵ǰ֪ҲǺܶ࣬˾ӵţԼмĹʽ֪⣬Ҳû֪٣Ͼаƺǳ޼ƽʱصļ֪ǵϸûж١
Ȼҫ֪Ǿ˵һУֱȥͺˣһأûǲ֪ģﵽ֪ĵز
ҫһ󣬿ʼŵȥǶ˾б˶˱˴˼УݵǱ
Ͳö˵ˣѩѱķâڽӵĴ֮ɳ˽ʥ֣Լʥ۷һǰΪâµκ˫û˵ڱչأΪҪͻƵ۷ˣʵżĽ
ڰҫߣһζԼֲݵ漴ǰ֮ǿҫԼһʥһ֣ʮڶ֣ѩѱǿ˲ֹһǰ㡣
׼ݷֲʮؾݵ㣬Աʱ֮裬ÿؾݵ㶼һ۷ܸгǰ׼ҵļҳ֮һΪѵڣʵǿ
ҫǰһ׼ںʡؾݵ㣬ҳʾ˰׼ҵļ֮Ϣڵһʱ䴫˳У̷ϵ£þȫϵҫסĿջȰҫҪһɼ԰ҫӡ
Ҳǣҫǰ׼үݣΪҳɲӡҫĵһӡǣءǿ㡢һֺвŸɵĸоԼǱϹϾԵúǫ
ҫҲΣ׼үҪһˣ׼ҼҳԼҪǫ̬ȣѾϰߣҪıܣȻ̫ϰߣҫҲֻΪ֮
һ󣬳˼ܼ򵥣ðҫ֣Լһ˽ܻҫþͿˣҪҫ࣬ţֱ£Ҳûʲô˵ģҲᳵ·ˣûٸɡ
Ȼҫûвɳɼóɼ֣µ򵥵ĺܣҫҪԼԶ֡ΪЩǲܼˣҪԼ
οҫֻΪԼ¸ˣҫҪԼȥ̼̫ࡣ
ԣħ׼ѩѱɽų׷ҫ˴ս֮ʱŶʱˮ֮С
󳬼زӿɲŮȫԱʥʥɵʵǿľˣŵֵܵģ
ҫڽ֮ǰѾˣڳ桢Ͷߣ⣬ʣµ˲ɱֻҪҵģһɱ⣬֣ڽճ׳ڽ֮С
ǰȺŵɣÿ˵϶͸¶ſ־뾪ţ֯Ƭû˸ҷΪ֮ǰ˱ˣҲû˷ĵ
ҫüͷƺԥʲôܰҫĸֽȺΧڵУֻҪҫһ£ǱὫȺˣȫնɱ
ҫ磡ҫ½ǣֹĵе°ҫɱ̫أһԵĽǰЩ˸ɱ⣬̬˵һ¡
£ҫһ΢΢һЦڵ
ڣүкηԸһӦҫߣǲ
Щзǻȫ˵Ȼ߰ɣҫ˵ȻҪһһ˿ûΪһ֡
è޺Ӽٴȱ϶ɱǶɽ㱨ɣҸ㣬û֮ˣ־ͽȫɱ⣬衣һ궸Ȼվ𣬶Űҫŭȵɱڣһʱ̬
Ҷүɱˣɼüͷһƣͺȣܵʥָոմܳȴҫֹ̧
˭ҫ΢Цʵͬʱ°˰֣˻ԭλ
㲻֪꽫Դ߸ֱֶܱ֮ݰҲ֪ǹ̬й
ʵôģ˳ܣĹ϶ֵйһ㣬еһ㣬˵ҫʶ̬һʱԿɱסһá
־ƣ㻹˵Ļ㻹йôʱ䣬ܱ𣿡ҫЦ
ߣҪɱɱôϻ־͸ʱ䣬ʱұɱ㣬ҿҲûһ֮ζʮ㣬ʵǵ˵ҫɱɱ͵ɳôȥ̫
ţ˵Ӳ̫ˣæĺܣû㣬ԣȥɣ
ʲô
һ񣬰ҫĻشе㲻֪룬ĽȻͬһӣȿ춥ضתˣԼıԼžԼǰԼնˡ
ɫĽâһţҫβָϵĴ̹âʧΣǰλֺ꣬ٲȻԴңźñȪʽѪȻأõԼͷ­ǰ
ʵķһģǣ֪꣬ո˵ЩҪǴȥҵܲã˵Ҹôأҫһ΢Ц˵Це˫ۿǰȺˣȺ˳֮⣬Ǻ꣬ǣǣⲻǱưҫɱô
Ҷһ䣬˭뷨һô

湻ģѾͷǻҪ䰡
УĻɽҹﻹҪϰٱֹʱʱС캮ѹ٣û۷Ϊ粽УΣնأ
ǰɣûôΣôѾͷɱڲң
㼰ʱϵ̳ûҹȻˣ̳пռϱȻΣ㵱ʱƻ轫ûиϵĻһ˽Ӧġ
ҫŷѩںʵѩ֮ϣ˵ĹΪ֮֮ǿͨѩʹôǿҲܶʲôӰ죬ڱѩ֮УԵúǴݡ
ŵ֮սѾȥ˰µʱ䣬ŵҫҲûɱȫɼֻһǾǷڣйذҫһоڲᡣ
ɼҲʮӦ£ƺаգҫҲֵУ˽ˣôҲð칫ˣǴӦƷɵɽһС
ҫͣʮ·̣ϵɽ֮ϣСαһƱˣԼһΥ˵ˡ


ʮ ɽϲ
ɽһƬɽƽɽɣʶɽ߶ͣɽ弫㣬ռƽ
ʵڽжɽһƺɽ˼壬ɽϵĵر֮࣬ݶеˣɽɽƺܵľһ㣬֮汦±ޱ֣ԼçĹһ֮أǲضá
ɽıÿһƷǾƷ֮Уα˿ѩľ쾧īȵȵȵȣûһǷƷ֮УмеĴڡ
ȻҪɹ̽Ҳһ׵£Ϊÿһ汦һֻػǶģǾҪ汦ϡг̶ˡ
Ҳ˵ĵرǸ޳ȵģ汦٣޾ж٣ɽҲ޵԰ڰΣǡ
ҪԱʵĻ޻أȺҪΪӪС΢ߣǾͱҪ񾳵ʵΪˡ
ʱҫѾɽɽǧɿ⣬¶ȵ͵Ŀ£ѩѩͣȻӣۼѩԽԽѾﵽ˷ĵزպþһܶЪ֮á
Ѿͷ֪ôҫŻ𣬿ʵ
֪أռѿȱ֮Ƕ˲ͬһλһ׹һʡҵ˵صؾݵĻ治֪Ϣ˵ݳֹŪŻѣڻص
ʵӦóʲô£ֻһ磬ϰߣֳʲôӦõ¶˫ȭѵְҫ˵ͷĵ
⻹򵥣ȡϻΡ֮Ǿȥ£֮ڣǵʵҲ߲أ΢΢һЦڵ
ţ˵ʵڵģһ·˲ֵܣֻǸзʼ߲һ飬ȫ;һţǾٺòˣҫһҡҡͷ΢Ц
ԺУ˺ܶ˵ӰЩһֵͬǣиеޱȵܰҶġָС°ԼȵĹ٣ÿҫʱȻһɪ֮⡣
ûûڵİҫֵΪԼҫס֣ǰĳԹԼȥɱǸˣҫҲԲŹ
ҫ磬ǲٴ磡ȻһЦڵ
ô֪ģҫһ񣬺ʵ
¶˵ɫ˹ٴɽҲûбˣĳһ룬ôҲֻʣٴˣסҫƣ΢Ц
ҶĻ׳棬ʲô֪أûеˣǼһǿŻһԵȥһЩůĵ£еѪȵġҫס΢Ц˵ڰҫĻУͬ΢Цͷ
ڴʱķѩ֮дһҵĺͬʱһǿϮĳ֮ܶڣҫ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬵һӣһ˷ѹأ׾ٵıɢˡ
ڱȶ˵Ƕ֣ҫ
ǳȥɣ˵ͷڵҫҲʾͬ⣬˷𣬴ѩ֮С
ʱĶ⣬ѩ󣬳˸粽Уϰ֮ˣˣҪԱҲǼѣһпܱѩڸǡ
ڰҫ˵Ĺ뾳һٮٮߣڷѩ֮кͥҷѩס˵ĽŲĻҲͬʲô£ڰҫıͫ˵ɵĺܡ
ҫһ˫ͫۿɢŵĻ𾢣һƬããķѩ֮УԵøĿֻۣ˫Ŀɨܣͣ棬һӣƺʲôŵ飬üͷ
Ѿͷҫס֣ٱۣܺ棬ʲôðҫֽ̬ɲ
ɣǿĺã˵б˻ⲿҲ˵أһҪУԣһҪҫʱе൱ĸӣɻ󡢾ϲ㵣֯һߣӿ˲٣ôΣڸǲסԼ顣
ڰҫеĻģ׿ķѩ֮УΧһˣΧˣ·ٵġ񹦡һģһ֣ܽ˴˹ص㡣
׵ľ룬ڰҫ˵ҲͼĹˣ˽ӽȶʱһǿನϮҫòסΡ
ڷѩڵǰܼȼͣҫܸӦǿ˵ƣʩչ񹦡ĸ֣صĹǿһʱỹò
ҫü뿴˵ǲǸǺǹɲͷ쳣ңŭȳס֣
һȣ·ը죬˵˾Ȼܵķѩѹʮ־ԸǰһƬȻʣǱȶҲʶ֣ͣĿ⼯ڰҫϡ
ڰҫǰ˽Բͬһɫɮˣһĸݣ˫۹ϥݵӣһȣŻƽߵꣻԼһ米ŹƬǷꡣ
ҫͬʱǰˣ㳤ʱ˶ˣסС죬һľ֮ɫҫǲֱе𾪣۾ɵĲûɷɳ
꣬һʱɫҲȰҫƽ٣ֻ侲ıȽϿ죬˫̾һ漴ǿǳ˫Ŀ΢Цҫþò
ҫ˴кһ˲䣬һϮֱͷ­ȥּٶȸǿ磬һӳˣֻԶȴ죬һ֡

ҫһȣأֻ˫۷𣬾䣬ɫâŭμˣǸ£껯һ͵ϮƣˣǴݿĺ˽֮󣬺òˡ
ס֮ʱҫѾɷĽ굲󣬰ҫһ֮ɱ⼫ˣ֮ǰΧ֣һǿҵļ¸УǰİҫԲʲôŮ
Ҳ飬ʮϢ֮ڹҵߣɱޡ⣡ҫڵıܵķѩҪɭ֮гɱ⡣
ӣԱġεҡҡͷİҫļҫڵ
ֵ֪֪ܣⲻΣҲζôǻˣ㻹ŶôҫתͷԵʱе״ˣǼϲ鲻Զ
Ҫ֪ǲΣ򵥵ĺܰûĺһ۰ҫ漴סҫļϵЦһţڵֵܣģһš
ǾͺãǾͺãû¾ͺãҫ˫Ŀһһ΢Ц˵ո˹еһ˿Һ壬ж᲻ᵯ
ŰҫĶԻһֱ΢Цǰҫ֮ΪҫһεĽ飬ǿԽиȥ֣й٣ǸһĹ١


ʮ ڰ׽̣ҫս_
˸վһţľ棬˵˭Ҳ˭ֵǣܱҫѹķѩûдأ档
ҫѲһȦŪһηʮʥ۷ΧһȦŵγһƬϣıȻǰ˵¡
λʩүȰ㲻ùܵ£ٹΪøԼɱ֮ʱͷĴһ΢Ц˵ֻЦݣЦص⡣
ǣҲ̫ˣĻҫʶ߽ЦˣЦһڵƺ֮ܲоǳ֮⡣
ԭǰʩ֮ǰ϶е֮ຣٺ٣ﱻҲŭŰҫЦЦ
װǴڵɮ˰ɣҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ֱĶŴﲻţĺֱëʶĵ˵ͷ
ʶôҫһ֣ЦߵĹҲ΢΢֮ǰ˶˵ʹ򣬾Լ֪Էݣʱҫôһʣеĺ⿪ʼڶ
СɮǴڷ֧׽̰˴֮һ_ߡ˵ǺڽĴ֮һСɮȻͬڵ̣ͬҵʦͬһλСɮʦ֣ҫкָأ_ߺʮƣ΢Ц
ڣزԭףͬһǧ»ϱͬʥأֻǶ߷вͬҲǱۣͬţȴ٣ͬȾ֮£ų֮⣬
ڹ֧Ϊڡס̣ͳһܵڹԼӴһ̶Ƕһľ̸һΪȨߣ±Ƿߡְ
ڽĴΪף׽а˴ߣ޷£ҪĻ_֮УĩβһʵԲСеǾŴϣʵͬĪ⣬˺Ҳ
ֵܣؿǰҫǳͻأߵĹ٣һǰ˶ˣΨԼߵ˲֪ʲô˼ǹ١
ٿһһãȻ_ߣֿܹ꣬ŹֵüڵɣҲҿĽж󣡡
Чͣҫ΢Цͷһɴܶٶȿľˣ_ֻоǰӰһҫѳԼͷϿա
ʦܣٺòֵֵϢʦֻɣҫɭһЦ䣬𾢱ƥ磬浶â£ȥƼ䱩͡
룡
ҫʩǺ⣬ʦָгǣǺε_һֻǷཱུգ濴ʲôϵĸоֻ˲ò࣬ϵĹʵҫ١
ֻһᣬϵķȻչȦ֮ϣֻǷ֮˲_ǷֵĴ֣һӡҫ浶âȫɢǿĺˡ
ӡӡа
ӡڰ׽һĶӡѧ֡һ֡ӡа޼᲻ݣӡ޾಻ӡ𣬹ӡƲɵӡӰ缲磺һӡؾ
_һƵľ֮ǿίʵޱȣ޼᲻ݣԲΪǿưҫУ˶˳ȥȥҫƺУʵ_Ҳܡ
ǱڰֱͬһпˣѪ佹꣬ҲȰҫõȥҰҫĹƲûᡣ
ڰҫٿ֮ʣֻס֮󣬻»ڣѱھ߹˫ͬʱһţ̩ɽѹ֮ƿ£ȾأӰñʯأֱ_ߵͷȥƼ产ˡ
ȣ׶ɽݣ
_̧ͷһҫһȰʮ㣬͵󣬱Ƶòȫмܣʮɹһϯܣ˪ѩ㶼һȦ֮£ɫĹַӡ˳һƺҫȾֵ߳࣬һʱʧ
ӡӡ𣡡
ǿĻӡɽƵģΡȻҪУ
ҫһκ󷭣ɿݣ_߾ʱգһɢܲܣҫ֮ʼδģһʱ仹ûӦ
ۼҫס֮âѭֹ಻ֱ_߶ȥƺˣѸͣ_߱˸ֲмܵ쳣Ǳ

ӣ겻ʮʽ֮£ʵǿĲ񻰣ôģУܱһֱѹţʤСǴǰʧڰ׽̵ܶϣҪУ
_ϲͣмܣпǽĺܣԼȭɲǶ˹ϵжãԼҫ֣ȴһԿϷ֪ˣֻȭˡ
̰ʤ֪䣬ҫʩ̫ĪСɮºˣ_ŭȣҫϣʱ
ֻ˫ַ˫ƺʮ񾫹ⱬ䣬һѵĳɫ˫֮ϣ˫ӡͬʱӡͲɵӡƳֱҫȥâ飬סֺ
Ҫƴôҷ㣡
ҫһЦһ˫ΧϷת𾢷񱬷һŻ˫֮䣬¶ʱʵİѩ㶼ڻʮ֮Զֱһӣҫһ˳ƺ_ߵĳӡչҵײ
С
䣡
һ춯صľ죬Ż˿ϮķõĶǴĻҲˣԺ֮£ܼ产ˣɶʱ𾢷ϯǰ˶ʲôƽ֮֮ۺ㹻ֵɿֲĻྡྷ
ֻΪģûѩĴڣΪѾ˻𾢸ڻ˸ɾ¶ѩµɲݡ
֮£ҫȳһһĽӡԼոֻ߳ɹСɿֲĺˣԷӲƴһǣԼˣ_أ
ˣ˽ʮײźݺأ漴һѪͬʱݺݵĵҫȻʽ빦˵ҫҪʤһ_ڵΪܹҫҲ֤ǿˡ
Ȼҫ롮Ѫص䡯Ļôλ׽λȨصߣƸħʮ˾ŵھžų³࣬Ҳֻϰˡ
ˣǷˣֳֻֽȵһӣܻ˲ɢҫ˿Կ˹֮ߣʵ֮ǿй֮޲Ǹ鷳
ҫʵں棬еԩͷծǲܸ_߻Ϊһ̸ɣҡֽȣ΢Ц
ҫתת飬ЦǸڵ˽˶Թ£ֵõָֻôױģ֪ν
ҫ֣˵һΣŭһֽȣص
٣ô˵㲻֪νҫ˫ֻЦ
һŭȣεضֱҫҫ֮ʱȴٰס򣬺һֱǰ
ѹ󣡡ٵȻ˵ʱбһһżǿҵĳ֮
ƳҾ֮ʹŻһɣ
ߣżҵʣ֣ΪһŹô


ʮ ŵһսƳ
ţһİû֮һֻΨһڸƣʿ֮ȨУĶ棬ʥãߴϣԼ˴ʥӡ
ʥãΪѩ졯ǹ׸ءʥø˾ְ֧ŵתƴʥþӹΰ˴ʥأ
֪һǳرĹأŵĵͽҪΪգѩҲһЩ츳ߣʱȽرˣõԴ̵
٣ֻܹа˸ҲνŰʥӣһ˵Ĵֱǡ塢塢ڡ¡Ñ֡
˸ֱַ˸ˣױȵݣǵ԰״ӣҲδ֮ĽӰˣͬҲһĽ
Ƴʥ֮һڹԪ޾⹦ʽȡɱ֣ʵ֮ǿһλʥ⣬ƥУԸ飬ֻҪֲ飬˲ɱ
ͬʱŲҰƳҲзݲ룬ҲˣƳٿνǳ˼ۺ죬Ƿƴһɵġ
Ƴߵλȭ֣Ҳٽսʱż£һĲ棬ȴҫ˰ء
ԹʱƳڶν֣ȻֻǷʤô򵥣ҪģȻһһ£Ҫǵĸսˣҫ_λְ֣
Ϊﶼ˭ֶᱻԷְæûᣬϾ˶Ƕ֮Уܰҫ߻Ҫ΢ǿһ㡣
飡
һ죬ƳٱԵ𿪣ȻŭʱȻʧȥǣĸ֣ڽʱԲΪһʱ֮ţԶᱣ侲
η֮ʣתoŲ㣬쳣񣬵һ͸ףȥΣ˵Ʊ쳣ҡ
o񹦣ףo
ϯѹϢƳһ֮ɫٷյһ˿ѹȸУǲһ˿һĴһᣬµɫڶ͸Ե쳣ҫۣһ״׸˵Ʋȹٲ϶١
Ԫ޾ףԪʥ
ͬʱ𣬶ʱŰżһأɴܶƳֽһ趯֮ʱһƥʽĲ˼飬ת˲ʮӰնƼ侪ˡ
ȣٿɱ
˫ĿһƳʽѾе·ǲܣֻӲӣ˫һᣬƺһѹջؽӰңƽϣʱѪ죬һëȻȺ֮ӿ
Ѫӡ޿ײ룡
һвɣƳ˸ֲǣԼαƫؿһۣٵƽʵʵĺ֮ϣֻһ棬㱻ռ˸Ϸ硣
һ٣ż겻ȻǿֵزձҪɳƳзݣһߣ˲仯⣬֮ɱʮ㡣
أɱɲƳ٣֮ޣҪ֮ƳǱҪһе֮һޱȣƳʮӰۻҡ
ƳһʱԵüΪܾǹٵӰʹѸĶֳΨһܿĿҲֻͫİҫˣʱԹٵʵͬŲСľ㵡
ٱǿ˺öడƷǿ鶯ıƺδȫƬһѪɭɭĸоһ˲űǲΪˡҫĿתĿŹ٣а̾
ҴսңƳһͺȣȻǳסˣֽȻĵأȻһ涸Ȼһһɺ˵˺ñȺ˰㷭ӿܣҪٵƳ
㼱꣬˽֣Ҫľʦû̹ô
ǱɤƳ͵Ķ˸飬δأʶĻ˺ȥƽƽ˺ڵȴǼ׺һɽܱ˺ϡá
ɱ֣Ͼɱ
̫ˣٵɤٴͬƳ󣬶ƳȴһЦڵô
һ䣬һתκñһתӰиñһ㣬񣬹ͣӰԵ쳣͡
ȣ
ƳķתǱƳ˹ٵΣ³Լ̩ɽڱƳĿ
ڹչ¶֮Ƴ˲ֹסת֮ƣһһ֮˲תһе㲻̫ӦϢһϣһ˿΢ͣ٣ôõĻƳȻŹɱƴ
Ƴżһ㣬֮죬侪ˣʯ֮һӰգ۲ʱڹǰ
һƺƷñ쫷ϯһըεɫȾӡʵʵĺڹٵ֮ϣһƺʵڣƾ֮غһѪɳʮ֮Զ
ɱ֣
˵ʱʱ죬Ƴһе֣һЦһգۼ׷Ϲ٣ҪչɱƵ׷һĻðҫðʶľҪǰٽΧ
ɲʲôأʲôģƴɱǰ˾ˣԼֵܵ죬ֻǾҪ֮ʱȴס
ҫ磬԰꣬ٴ㹻Ӧ࣬ܰΧϾԼĳԹδ֣̫õģһ۰ҫ΢Ц
ţ˵еļˣѾͷܿٱϵƬʲôͷôܸоǿƬ϶ͷûпȥô򵥣ҫ˵ͷ΢΢üʵ
ٺ٣ΪڣٴŻڲ֮أһ֪ˣصĻһ䣬һӣپ˰ҫĺģֻƬȡС
ٽƬƽǰһƬ棬ǽȵƳһ㵣ƺʲôУĪһѪڵһ㣬ɶء
֮󣬽֮ǰֻ׾룬ֲ̧ȥǵѪգƳһƸ˺ҲСֻҪƬ֣پоԵɱƳ
ҫˣĿɿڴ֮ǰһĻе˼飬ֻᵯһƬıѣʵĹȻͬĽǶȺƳ֮ϣɡ
ҫˣôģʵǰ˼⣬ʵֻǰҫˣ_ֶˣҲһͷˮƳ׵ܣе㵣ֳֻԼƳ֪ôˡ
ƳأԷ˵ʮ⣬̧ͷһԶĹ٣쳣ľ㵣һ۹еƬ𾪣漴ϲɭȻаЦڵ٣ϵʮ֮һѪġǧ̫١ɣ
ûĻص
Ǻǣ_ߣ֣֮ǰǵı꣬ҷʮɱжǶˣֻҪ٣ΣƳɭаЦڵ
_ߵİ֣һۣ΢΢ͷϸһӣͬɽ
ɽƨƳ㵱Ұҫİ˭նֵܣӲĹǣ


ʮ ȫʵƳ
ҫȰһ䲻Ҫ̯˻ˮţûùӳԣǱɱ֮ˣûܻ죬ÿƳȵ˵ʵڵģҫֵĻԼⷽ񲻵ʲôˣ˼ʵɲ㲻ġ
ҰһһѹңӲף˭ҪֵܣҾᵽ˵ˣ˶û潲մ󣡡ҫ˰֣ǰ쳣棬նûһ˿һ֮⡣
һůеٽһգ̾ϢûϹһֵۣܣĴԼģôԼҲԲḺ
ߣƲԳԷƣǾ͹ֲˣɱ
ɱһ䣬ͬʱԵĶ֣ٲ˵ȻǶƳҫҲҪ_߷ָ£Ȼѡ֣˶֮ʣҫѴֻ˵һ䣺ѾͷȫΪ
õģҫ磡
o˪ӡأӡ
o˪ڰ˲㹦ף£
ѪԪ󷨣һƪѪƪ
һƪ飬
񹦵ھףʥ£
ͫ
ҫͬʱԼеĸϢһӱüֲΪת˲䱩һֹҫľΪѾ۷壬Ŀȸ󣬴ֱӸ۷塣
ת˲ĸʹñƱü˿ֲ_ּĿɿڴǱҫŴģֻǣƳٶ˽Ǵԭأ治֪ԭǰҫȫʵܻб
ʲôӹ֮ǰδһսҫɭһЦ_߹˹ָ߶ʱĺëը
_߽ҧڣо岻սӣȥ˵Լһ󱲣ĶӣԼҲڽϻˡĻӰҫ˵Լ֪֮ģܽӰҫУҰճȥؿǽѡ
ˣʮǼƴֵˣ_зݡ
˵ʵڵģƳıίʵѲѣսʤǣҫһϸ£ֻһڣ±һǿ˫ʵжԼľġ
_˻ӦҫЦһŶأһը죬˳𣬺һֱڵֱ_ߵͷٶȲ죬ƸǼ侪ˣ_ԴҫڣԲҷɰ֡
ҫٿһ䣬̧𣬾Ӹ_ߵԴȵţǧޱȣ֮ǿñǧǿ̤£ǹһǰƣƺҪ_һ㡣
ȣһǿݣ
Ⱦѹ£ֲľ_߶е㴭·һɽѹ£_ߺݺҧ˫һչʮɹ˳ƺľˮԻΪһӡһţһֱﵽһɶąeַӡ_ߵ˫ƣֱҫУƼ产ˡ
ӡһӡؾ𣡡
䣡
һ춯صĺ𣬵Ǻñȵһͣһжƴʵھޱȣֻ_߱ȴҫź˅eַӡҽ˺䵽ڵأһֱ׶ӡ
_߱ҫڽ£һѪг˾֮ɫԼȫһУҫƽֶܣһͱ׵ѹ£ܵĸɴ䡣
ûеǿոսҲΪ㣬Ȼսʮ㣬Ӿͳȫˣҫ_ǷʴϣɭЦ
_ؿ˵ʧҫ鰡Сɮһձضسл
лƨеǱʲôȱ㻹ȥɣ
ҫһ𽫽ʮ֮ߣ±һɼ产˵Ļ𾢣˫һһһҾѵֱ׹£˫˳ƺ˺ñһʯ׹أ֮ǿޱȡ
ѹ£֮ǰİȻҪǿʮֹƷ罫_ѹĽ֮ڣӶӲһ˫ӡ֮ϣ_͹Ѫӿعȫ˸飬Ĳ
ƣռһʽٳǣ
ʲôƳһŵľе_ˣڰҫ߲Уͱһкʼδġ
ҫʵȷ_Ϊ׽̰˴֮һһʵͬݺӣʹУҲֵܵһɣʵʵеڲпˣ_߻һ㣬ҫɵĸˣôԼأ
ʲôþȵģǱͱǿֻһֱڵ͹ǰˣӲˣһƻݺɤƮƳĶߣƳŤͷһһ£ָ׵
ͦģҲٹأ΢Ц˵ͷϵǱͼ˸ͣԵøѤ
֮ǰ͵Ϯٵĸɴ˫ۣһڵϣ˫۷·ٹһ㣬ֻʣ¹⣬ѪһأҲ̶ãüĵһѪǼɳۿ򣬷ǳڹһĿ
ĵĿ֮ɫʵȻǿֵزȰҫչֳʵҪ˾ȥİжǿԼɾʮϢʱڣͱУѾ㹻ˣƳ亹ֱð
ƳôţĶֲǣҵĺֵܹ٣ⳡսһһǲ֣ĻˣҫһĨϵѪգһ߳ӣһĿڵ
Ƴüͷһ壬ص˵
ǾҪֵܿҵֻҪһ£ҿǷǳھģҫЦƳëֱһӣŤͷ١
ҫԼ£ԼˣٳŰҫ˵ͷڵ
ҫҲǵͷӦһۣҲͬ˵ͷ˸վһߣϷƳߣ̾˿쳣ĶƳḧ٣ǹɱ쳣ˡ
Ҫҵôھ͸㣡
˵һ缲ƿգ˲ƳǰһǺɨֱƳĲֵ̧ӣȻƽƽ棬ͨ˵Ĺһ㣬һƳеʮֵľȡ
ɾȵһ˲䣬ֱ̧ߡ̡ط֮ǰĪ⵽ػ׸㣬˺ŷ˳ȥ۵Ƴûȥǹˡ
Ƴɨ֮ʣһƳչ͹Ƭ״ٿ˼㡣
еĲλۣǿιڲͬĽǶȹ˷ʤÿһǹƶǿĺˡ
ɱ֣ɱ޾
Ƴֽͬһ㱻ǧٿף˾ŭеСۣٺҽ
˫ĿһѪޱȣ£Ƴ飬ǿľ룬ͬƳһͬ飬һ̱ڵϣȻ
ٿƳʬ壬˵ţֻϢѣ֮ҳɾ


ʮ ٵĻԵ
ҫǧ׿⣬ʮŷѩٴɽ壬ǰĿѩûκһ˵ĽŲɴ˿ɼЩûһʡ͵ĵƣΪ׶еһŮӣһ˿˵
磬Ƴɢˣ
ɢ˾ɢ˰ɣҲ٣ǱʲôĳҸɱ˰ɣ
Ҫýɣ
Сã֪ΪʲôõĴô
Ϊʵѧ
Ǻǣʵѧ˺ȥˣΪʲôƫƫֵˣ
磬ӣֱ˵ɣΪʲôأ
Ϊ֮ǰǸˣӱȻͶǸ֡˾ô򵥣ԣƳ˾ˣûʲô˵ģе˲Ŷ֡
磬أһ죬Ҳˣ˵ǲҲͻ˶ǵġˣ

˵ţֻ˵˭˵ȥˣܵõĴڿԳƵϻ£ĸ֣˵ʵڵģ⵱л
ԵĻԸһͨӣңڣôĬĬһɽһв˵ʵп֪Ϊ֪ĥѡ
¶ˣʹƳͬţҲľ֣ȻƳˣǾûˣδǸƳǿֲ
ɭַǿľ£һû˸ҷԼÿ˶ΪԼĽ׼ֻΪ˽ھпԻȥ
µĶŰʥӡ塢塢ڡ¡ÑеĶˣŮıһ࡯֣еıΪ塯Ƕ˵Ƿ֮ƱҪϻΡᵽ֡
Ȼ뷨ԼԼĿɲֹһңɽжεɽϣ˷ʮڳ弲۶ȥţֻеһˣңǿǹɡ
ԹؿҫߣɱƳ֮Ҳûʲôɱ¾֮£еԩͷծֻɱɱ֮ˣһ˻ǷֵĺģЩƳҲǼһڰҫ˲ʲô߱ɱ֮
Ƴջ˵ʬɽ֮󣬰ҫ˼ذҫĺãٴط꣬еϲԱȵϵԼϻظĸĳ̶ȣԣһ·ǿһһǧ䣬Ļûͣ
أȻҲϲֻ֣ڱֳѽҫΪֵһԴֻǣʱ˿ø߰λֵܵϣ̫ˡ
٣㱻ɽ£ôӹһٵģһʲôɣҲʱõôҫһʵʱϵķѩѾͣˣһС֣Ӫկ֧һ߿Żһš
Ȼһֱǰҫһģٸ䶼ˣ˵ôĻһؼԵ⣬֮ǰЩͨͨǷϻ
ٴôĻԵأ˵ǧǰʮ󳬼֮һѪţѪλеʮ֮һֻǵѪţٱѪһͬ׹ɽʧ٣ٴ磬Ѫ滹Űɣһ΢ЦĿŹ٣ڵ
ٶ˶񣬿һҫ˵ͷڵûɽ֮һ̶̶Ļ壬þ˸ˣȴס
ֻôҲ˿нӽǧ׵ĸ߶ȣһ̶ָ߶׹£˵䲻ģٴӦǱɲŶԣüڵ
ûȷǱɣûѪĻˣҲΪĳ֣ŻþֱԲ䣬Ҳûн黳ʲôԷ˵ҲʵȻԼ˵ͬҲǡ
Ǿ֣׹µһ̣ѾĿɾ׹֮ʱ߳һЦ
ˣˣϷˣСӣûǸʸϷ飬ҪûǸ컯ϷǺ޵ģ
ĪĻصڹٵĶߣĹٺëֱ׹ٶȶȻӿֹٶ׹к̶ҲҪˤǡ
ͻı仯ûŵ٣Խ侲ǰļ׹ֻά˼Ӱˣֱĺ̶ڹǰʱţͣס˼ٵơ
䲻ףҪ컯ˣڵ߶ȶڵ˵ҲģСӣ컯ˣٴڹٵĶߣüͷ΢΢˫ĿһգϥԼ׹
һΣң治
˶ڶߵţԽ׹Խ죬һʰ֮ʣ뺮̶滹ʮҵĸ߶ʱȻ˫ĿڽʣȫͷţӶԼ׹֮ƽл塣
һ˲壬ùһ˺ѰľʹʹÿȥҲ죬ֻ֮άӣپ뺮̶ֻʣʮˣĸ߶ȣԱࡣ
Ȼһ죬ˮʮ֮ߣȻֻжʮ׵ĸ߶ȣȫ޵Ĺ˵ֻƾȥҲܲȥһͷûɢ֮ǰƣˡ
֮ʱѾʱ֮ˣһޱȣǧϰ֮пЦǱסˣƣȻѾ˷ϹıԵ
ˣˣһɶõĿ֮ģ첻ѪһţϷĴں
һЦĹٵĶĤʹޱȣ漴һĿ罫پ𣬳һɽ֮ڣɾޱȣٸ޷֣ãֻڲ
**ǺڰĿռ֮Уһǳһ¶һͷ׷ݵߣΡΡĳڹǰ
СһڽˣҲѵɢıԵһصĲأǷ϶ˣϷĻԵ
˫üһȭʵ֪ǰôƺ
ͲǵˣϷǰŽ~Ѫ~~~棡СһӦϷŰɣٺ٣
˫Ŀһ󾫹ɭаЦֱĶŹ٣ڽʱѪľ£һƻָʵͻͽ
ѪҲģԹپǾľһѧ̵Ϊһȫµѧ֮ǰʩչġѪӡԼġ١ͻ
һʱȫȫĳ֮УѪλһ̵߽ͨʵͻͽ˼产˵ľ
Ϊﵽھ۷Ҳһ֮ңo񹦡ﵽھŲ㾪˵زֻʣؿûͻƣս׹ʱǿ˰ٱֹˡ
Ȼеûа׳ԵͣѪô࣬Ȼƽ޹ʵĸǰѪ
СӣϷڴˣǷϹزһЩҲֻˣ
ǰ˵޷
£һɱѪȡǵͷ­ңڶҪʯ롮ɷħȥѰ
ٽλԵԭԭ˵һ飬ֻǻһ䣺һʱ䣬Ļ㵤ڵġѪѡ˸ɣΪ֮ٺ٣


ʮ ٣ϣ
ʯɷħǶϰѪ治˰ɣԴһᣬʵ
ѾͷΪʲôҪӸְҫʵ
Ǹ˵˵Ѫһ޵µʵ⣬Ⱥþˣи񱣬ֻ֮ҪԼ۵ģˣֱӷϵ
˵Уڵʱнӽҵǳֱʣʵأĳ֮١ˣλʮ֮һأ˵
˵ʵڵģҫڵĽʶҲǱȽϹ㲩ˣ̫Ҳ԰ҫ鼮ϿĽʶԼһĴ¼˵ǿʮܼסһͲˣĳЩɼǵò̫
һҪǸҫһ鶼Ȳ϶ԷǹĿĳ˼ʵҫĪһԹǲͶĿ⣬ҫ˶ʼе޵쳣ơ
˵ûȷһ޲ٵ˵ͷе΢Цص
޲ҫһʵ
û޲١ڵѪ汻Χʱܵ˲Сˣܱ߳ɲֹҲֻܷӳɵܣһöû취ʩչֻܽ޲֮󣬲ָܻյľܣٿڻصͬʱȡ¡١ϥ˫ϣҫ͡
٣˳ߣң˴磨ʮ幫ңһѪ棬ȡʯɷīںϰǧޡϹڽʨľѪķѾžŰʮһ죬ɣλнʮ֮һ
һע֮󣬿ԽͨͬĽǶȣͬĿռ䣬ͬķλд˷ʤ
ܶʱɷƵиŵãʹҲãͨëƻ˵񾭡
ٵͷǳĹŹ֣忴ȥһ鳤εƬһǳŹֵƬͷԲοղ۸һհѣղ۱ԵܲмϸֱܵͰߣҪǣҼôᱻ֮Ϊأ
٣Ҵһҫϸš١䲻ôһ䡣
΢΢񣬳˼һأҫᶨƵ̾ϢһҲ˵ʲô˵ͷ߳С
ҫһᣬǴ쳣ңڰҫϵھ֮ʱҾԵøӺˣΧʵѩ㶼ڿһ⣬Ƽ侪ˡ
أҲȰҫ٣һϵھŲ㣬¶ʱɢһ㵭ɫ֮ϣһƻĴȰҫ񹦡ĸ¶ٵġo񹦡ԵеˣҲ˶١
٣ȫҲϣ
Ե޹д裬бʲôɣ
ٺ٣ٸ㣡
ãʹһ
һЦ˹֮󣬳ű˴˷ɴܶȥΪ˿ֻͣǴĪ΢ЦĿԿ˫ʤζñ˴˵һǳֵ⣬ҲǽˣҲ߰
ʱ
ԴǰһƬǽ֣ǹŹ֣ϲ֮лŵɻ󣬾񿴵һʲô˷ܵδ֪ɡ
üͷһ۲Զİҫֵͷ漴ֿһ۰ҫ֮̾Ϣҡͷ£ʼ˹Ϣ֮ǰһĻˣ쳣𾪡
ҫأʱ󺹣˫ȶɸʱڵصĿܣಲһƽľ׳⣬·𱻿ˮһͨһƬٵıƺѾ˽
ƽ֣ʩչκβöԷԲڵľѾƻһͿ쫷ɨһ㣬ŵĹ֣ƽֵĽΪʲôҫЦأЦ쳣ܡ
ɹˣڳɹˣбɱɱһʽ׶ˣֻǷǵ򲻵ѻòãھֻʣһˣվŶѾҫЦ绨пϲԲˡ
û뵽Ȼô˵ĽһУ˲أһӺ󣬹վ˵˹һ죬ָ˲٣Ϲžڹķĺôǿ졣
ĽҲСo񹦡ϡ١ֱ绢Ա֮֮ݴͣҹ켣ѱ棬ҪûСƲأ
ҫ΢΢һЦΡΡĳŹٱ˸Ĵָڷһ֮ȻǽƣûսˣĹѾĵУɹʩչʵǰ޹˰
ҫ磬ʱ䲻ˣָԺҪŶҫߵݸһƿҩ΢Ц˵
ҫ΢΢һЦӹƿҩ˹һţҲһڷ£ʼ˹Ϣҩڼһů֫ٺ
ҫһᣬٻָţһĹѻָ߳ɹһʱ䣬˵״̬ѻָųңʰһ£ٴȥ
ʱ˾Ӹ£ҫٱԵĳʱƶ¶һֹŹ־֮ɫƬ֦ľĲкУмһȦʲôûУֱ׿ȻһȦȦĵȥȥΪ졣
յǸ֣ɷ嶥ʮӰ洦ɼֲϢǿĶʥڵΪǧңẒ̇ȺһţμȻͬһɵġ
ڷ嶥µİ״ϰߴ͵׳һ޴ɽ˸ʵκҪӽɽɢʿᱻϣֱӴˣԵЩϵˣ֪ԼǶ֣ҲֻܸŭԵĹԹԴһԡ
ʱһʱĸ·ҫ˵ִﶴѨ⣬ŲԶΧˮйͨĶѨȻһЦ⴦ѨǡϻΡص㣬ѨȺ˾Ͳ˵ˣ϶ЩΪ˲ĳȾָ汦Ϊ֮
ҫľռԼ˾Ű裬º޹˼֮ˣһԼĶҲ٣쵹ǿ¾ˣǺҫ˴ǵŶѨȥ
ߺˣȥ˴ǽأǶ̤ģһ׳ۼҫ߽ҫǰ̧ȵ
Ǻ⣬˴Ϊνã֮أʲôʱǵ˽ˣֱǻ֮ҹҫЦһһӽ׳ɨܵͬҫȶ֣ΧϣҪҫѹ¡
ۼ׳ΧԼҫǸ߸𣬵ǰһ̤һ̤֮񱩵ĺˣ»𾢺ñɽϯķǿΧ˺ݺɨɣûһܽ˰ҫƼ侪ˡ
СᣬٸǰһźɣϷַ㣡ڣϷɽ
һŭȴɽڴԶԶϰ֮ԶļΣҫ߸ûеһ£ҫЦһٴǰһ

ڰҫŲո̤֮ʣٴը죬һӰȻܳѨֱҫٶȿȵʯĲ˼飬ȻΧ˵Уڰҫ˵Уǰͷٶȣֱ
ϵϹֳִ󣬾ƾҲңҲ


ڶʮ ϣ
ڰҫǰһĴߣֻľˣҲǼǿһɢ⣬ʵ϶ּᣬҫһЦǰеŭ׵ȼҪǰСһĽѵ
Ȼ֪ǰ֪ߵغСǰҫĵĻǴͷġ
СôĹôϷ򽲻Ϸʹ㳤úýѵûнġ
ʹôϻҹ
ҫ˫˳ƺ͵˵Ļ𾢣ŭΰ˫ֱ߶ȥߵĻҲӲĴϣæʮɹ˫ͬʱҫ˸ӲӲֻⲻ֪һһҫĹǿʮֹ
ʯһ˲䣬ҫһ֮˫ǿƣϣǹɺ˵Ļ𾢽ߵƾԼȫɢҸ֮ϣֲƾ˶˻ȥ
߻𾢲ƣ˺ڵһ㵹ɶأȻһ죬ѨϷʯײһӣ֮͵һѪһĿǰİҫ
ˣܵĸɴ䣬Ҳڣ߶ȣһǵô˵棬ܵôѿ˼ֱ߷
ҪҫƴȴҫѪǣվվǰиԥȥΪͰһСϣ޵ݰ
ϼһԺƲˣЩʱͲһ˵ʵΪԼʹ;˭㣬ֱ֪νҲСˣҪЩ˰
ҫһǱߣҡͷԵĽѵǹװ̬ˣǰΧ۵ȺڸǴЦָָֹ㲻ͣЦ
֮ǰǶеĿ죬˸ͷȻŹᣬݺݵһ
ҫѵǣ¹ܽ޷ѧղҲɴ˽ѵãҲǺ֮ˣղײգҫָһˣ
棬ƷŻͬʱһӣһӰӶѨдܳΪһ΢Цֱҫȥ֮죬֮ǰǿʮ࣬ת˲ѵҫǰ
ҫԴ֮ǰǵʱѾ˳ֵ׼ת˲Ͼ߲ĵھ񱩵Ļ𾢣ŰҫƱֱĺꡣ
԰ҫһƣʼձ̬ͬһƺҫƴһƣֵ鷢ˣûп񱩵ɢû춯˾ͨһ㣬ֻǡžһˡ
ɾͨͨһ죬ðҫͨп˲ͨһ棬Լƾţ뺣ɵһɶһ˲ĿնУҫеΪܣ΢Ц꣬ʱһּΣյĸо
ǡ󷨣ҫüͷʼնǷŵ΢ЦҲػôֱֱĶŰҫš
ҫ˫ĿȻüΪųɹ𾢶ʱüΪˣһ˲壬ˣֻ겻ڽȥջƾ
ҫˣ֮󣬱ȭЦЦʮʮЦص
˼֪ôƺҫ΢΢һЦȭʵ
¡
һ壬壬Ŵ֮һġ󞡯裡
껹δ֮ʣҫߵĹһı˶Էţ˵ļΪϸƺˣֻǴӹǲ̫ѺõԿ֮Ľ飬Ӧòںõһ档
þòɰ٣
΢Цͣ˵ͷӦеĺһţȴҫ׽ͱͱٵţЦԭĳңҲٰ
£ûĺ˰ҫһۣصʱĹûӦҫ˫ӥĶߵһһŮš
ʶˣеĽ壬ŮĽ࣬Űʥ֮Ƴһǵżŵ֮һΨһͬǣԭٽϣȴһ
ڹٿʱҲῴ٣һ֮з·Ż˸˴ֻ֮жԷܵһжںڰ֮У֮ԻĸоΪǱ˴˶϶ԷΪԼҲǿĶ֡
磡ǹ٣Ǹٰɣ࿴Źǲ̫Ѻõü΢壬һߵ壬ڵ
ҪҪ쳣ĻصҲֻ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ
ǰҫʩʩôδѽһɮˣֱ˲ӣŰҫǵĴк

ҫеãȻǰɮ˳ŨüۣʲﭹĹͷԼ崺ЦݣһĪΥ͸У͸¶һ׵ʡ
λʦǷˡҫ׾ʵϲҫоǰɮ˺죬ǳ죬ʵ̫ģѻʲô
ǲǵôǿŽսǡԵλʦ֣ѽɮָֻŵĽţҫͷ˼һأǻ˹ŽսһС
ɮ˷ſǧ¡աһӣеڰˣǡԵ˰Լסˡħ˷
Ե˵пһзΪΪһˣҫԿԵĻ顣ǰզզüĿɮ˺õɮմϱ߰׼ҵӶҪڡ
ôٴʵ
ʲô
ҫˣԼǰովԼнʮҵľ룬һӾϢĽӽԼԼȻȫûиӦ˲û
ǰҫһ𾪣ֳ˶һ˲Ƹˣһʼձ֮ɫоֻһ˸˿ٶȣ塣
ԭǿʦ֮ǰҫһʱûм𣬻ʦҪ黳źðҫһڣæȭʩ񣬶ߵĹͬǱȭ
û£û£ûôСǻԵȻٴʦ˵ûǿһأһŰҫļһ߷ߺ֮ǿһõɮӰӡ
ҫ΢΢񣬿һ۹߶ҲοЦҫƲƲ죬ʵʦ˷ǰҲΪϻô
أзֻ·ѣϻô˸ףһãȻʵ
ҫĲ֪˵ʲôˣǧ¿һΪߵһˣֱ췽ҹ̷һ仰Ǵͷ
ϻΣǺǣ̰աֽףԵԵм΢Цͣܣ߶һ˰˼ķʮ㣬ǸĪЦݣǳֵõɮӰˡ
ҫ֪£һ¿ȻһЩΪ֪£αװԼԼȥܹһ㡣
һϻεᣬأǰûһʡ͵ĵƣҵѱ棬ݲһǰи
ʱ䲻ã**ʱһĿӫ⣬ĻɨͷѤΪ֮һ㶣漴ĬĬ׼
ϻγǰװ


ڶʮһ Ի⣡ϻΣ
Ļ쳣ѤεɫĻɨˣһּΪ͵ĸоˮΣշɣһ˲޾ɳڸУڳųϵĽ˸еղܡ
߾
һͻĺ·˶ը죬˶ĤʹѣεɫĹĻɢͬʱЩͷת˲ǺǾһ亹ÿǰһͻ׹¡
ȻԼ˻ȻԺ±ߣԼʲôʱеĻȴȫûһףδ֪Ŀ־壬˵ͷ˶ǵһڹŹһȦ
ˣǧ¡աһĿĲ̲ųֽӴ˵ĻģЩ˻ˣҪԾˡ
ߵİҫˣԼ衢塢ֳΨһһȺʼնѵˣǵʵ˵䲻˵ͬ裬ǳУҲûôס
գһ㣬Ҫأµ̾ϢһԼӦ죬˵ʬҰ
ʦ֮ǰǵĻϻͷųģǿԻҶ㶥סҫʵ
֮ǰǹĻ֮ʱһǿҵΣոӿ֣ҫʶǰһͬʱ˱ͫеֿͷʱֶԷɢһȦȦϸܵĲƣڵֿŹĻϮҲһ
ѽôǫˣ治ˣᶥסͫǰİƳƳ죬˰ҫһۣƺ԰ҫǫе㲻̫⣬ʵҫҲǿֻǿԸʵеԽܣŻԵенˡ
ҫ˼ɦɦףεЦţҲ΢΢һЦ漴ת٣ڵСһÿ鲼ƥ㱳ϵǼһ˶ϲģλǰĳҿɲ٣мǣСʻ괬
ٶȻһԼûǵ㣬ôҡĽ¶ɵ󵨣Ѫĳж٣ţëԼ£ֲֻҪ鷳ǿ⣬ǻͻɱ֮Ͼǣƥﻳ
ȻɴʱҪڣȻ⵽עҲֻԺע⣬ҲǳмѣҪȻԼ֣һԺˣǺԿлֹ΢Цͷ
ʱǲĻѱɢ˲ûڵһʱ붴Ѩ͵ŰҫƱһ룬ϾʵϵĲǣû˸ҷҲûԸͷ䡣
ӸոǵԻùĻ˵ˣϻγûô򵥣ȻأиֳڵһλԼʲôˣҲǼ飬Ȼǵ̴죬Ϊڡ
ִ£迴²ϾĶ෽һ䣬֮ǰҰڰҫϵ߸æߣڵƽҩѾָ߰˳ɣ޴󰭡
½޼󣬴ڿʼһֻӬ׼Ž֪ģ΢Ц˵ЦЦɲ̫ƣһָɣɣìͷֱָҫˡ
԰ҫĶôֻм֮ˣһִ֮ҲҶൢ飬Ӧº󣬴ǰ׳վλ
׳ʥһ֣ĸҲֻ¶ѣɼȷ֮ʣλнʮ󳬼֮һ
վԼĵλ֮漴ϥţ۳֩һӣѨⷽԲȫǣ漴һɫĹĻ㣬˰ҫ⣬ʮĸڲ
λҾһֱ棬ȥձлӸ£·ʮ΢ЦҲҾҲ̬쳣ĸ߰
ʣµʮ㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳֻ̾ϢһתȥҲû취飬ƴԼһ𶼲˼ҵĶ֣ôܲԹء
µѾ൱ˣҫΪһһΪһΪһһˡ
Ĵϻζһ΢ЦĿˣпǾĺܣѨЩŻһܽϣǰЩˣɲܴ򷢵˵ģҲֻܿ汾ȥˡ
˼һһͬߵĺ˼ܶѨҪһȡϻΣֻΪ˵УԵеĪҫ֪Ҫõϻβȵȵãġ
ʩôֶһٵ£ƺǺأе΢ãȻ˵
ûʵףȴøԶΪǣӧΪ֤ԼڿҲûô䣬ôΪǡٿ˵ƺвٵĽʣʶıȽ̡
˽Ⱑҫʵ
ǰЩڣˣûʲô˵ģҲȥɣҡҡͷڵڹȥЩ£ƺ̫𣬰ҫҲöʲô
ۼҲ붴Ѩ֮󣬰ҫģѨ΢ʪһߣһɣҫȼѣǰС
֪ϻʲôô䲻һ䡣
ֻп˵¼֮汦ʹǣѼٷ֮һڣҫҲûв죬Ȼ֪ĸ˵İ˾Ųʮ
Ǻǣ˵һ룬һǳãϹʮ֮һʥġйأ˵ҪɹʥġͱҪϻΡǱزٵ΢Ц˵
ʥģǸ˵֮󣬾ӵв֮Ϲʮ֮һʥģʦв֮ôҫһʵϹʮ֪ĸġ֮һÿһϹз׽£Ŀֲܡ
֮ԵģʥҲֻĳϵĲͷ­౻飬ֻ˱ɷĩκ˶иԭҸԭûк֢֡ϸһ󣬿ڻص
ҫ˵ͷҲǣνĲ޵һԵģһֻǰ޵еĴڣĴڣһָֻϡ
ҲһƷɸҫԱȣǰ߾޵еģָͬðҫҷ𣬶ҫһܶδ˵˶ԷǲˣνĲ͸޵в࣬ҪжԱԡ
ֻǣҫеɻϻƷԼȡģƷɵĴܣҪ汦кãǿ˵ʲôϹޣʮͳͳߵʲôҪ
ҫһʱеͶ룬ֱһĨεɫĹâιҫ˲漴˴סˣϵĻѶ֮ڵأԵͬһ֮ɫ
ʵĲֻǰҫ˶ѣ࣬Լˣǰһ棬ʵйǵġ
ǲҪαôˣֻҪȡߣͱҪɽͷѽ΢Цָǰ˵ڳΨһһ侲̬ˡ
ľͷҫ˵ǰһΪİԲι㳡Լףֱʮ֮мһȦֱʮ׵Ľᾧ㣬һֱͨ񷶥֮ĵɫξƬ
ϻˣȫ֮Ⱑ


ڶʮ ˫ޡֻаʱ
ʦ˵쾧ϻΣ⣬ⲻܰɣ
ҫеھˣĵر϶СΣôĻǵһμôˣôװߣĺ˵ɽͷôⲻڸЦ
ʲôܵģû˸еĵرͱҪƴСѽ汦Ȼϡ٣ҲûѽǸ߸߹΢Ц
˲ڿʦ㷸أ忪ڵ쳣䣬˫ĿĶžţȻǻл
ʩγ԰Ҳ΢Цص
ֻ۷ϻЩƬﾧƬֻһƬƷѰأָž
Ƭ򣿺ܼ򵥵ĽͣǾǳһĿ˵ӹһ£ҵ
һʲôҵľƬ㹻һƽˣҪһƬһƬԲԼҹ㹻һܣÿһƬ״ɫ󼸺һģһҪֱֹǲףֱϼѡ
ÿɷ΢ЦҡͷûлӦһ䣬ƺĽͣһԵɭһЦĿڵǺǣҪαף
䣬̧־һƣƷ缫Ѹ֮ͣ£һɶߵӡֱȥ
뷨ֱЩƬϻεļӲȻǺֻһΣλһ¡
Ҫ
ɿͬʱģ˵ıҲһģһǾǾţ֪һЩ飬ֻǻûü˵ǿ֪ôֱαͬҲûü˵Ҫֹӡͬûü
䣡
һ죬ӡʵʵĺھ֮ϣŶѨҲɾļӲ󳬳ϣȻһ˿Ѻ۶ûУĿĻǴﵽˡ
˳ҵľƬƬھײľʯ㣬⾧ʯĵײӰҴܣһ죬ʯ飬ӰֱϣǰӰǳرľ
һֳɫҾԵüͣ𾢳ޱȣѨһĿռ䣬üȣɫͫĶŰҫ˲ţֱھࡣ
һɫ˪ƮܣԵúԻãɭȻӿⶴѨһĿռ䣬ڼٽ£ˣɫͫͬעŰҫˣھҲࡣ
һһһһһһҵԵ쳣񿥣Ѩһһ˸еܣ˶Ƕ֣תǵסּ˵¶ȡ
ΥҲ͸ˣʹʩ֣ҲҪһصģǵĽ٣ӲҲܲˣֻӦأ˫ĿתǰȻ̾һ
ǣ˫ޡôɣ鷳ˣҫ磬ٴ磬Ҫأֻϣûгʮɰɣ΢ǵ˵
ѾͷҲ̫ܲ˵׵㰡ֻôΪʲôҪ˫гûʮɺҪôҫһʵ
йĵر޵ҩһ֪ʶҫǷȱĺܣѧԷ漰ıȽ϶࣬ȻҲֻƴһУͱʩչĹˣҵרõж̰ҲǺ¡
˫ޱȽ⣬ȺУǧֻһԣһ̥˫壬ܵʱͬʱһ˵ܡ
˵޻ͬһֻҪһĻУ߹Լޣǰˣǵĳ̿Կ䡣
鷳ǣһһԵģ֮£ศɣֲԵҪǿɱֹʮ֮ڵĳȣǧڵģǵʵѵҲӦҪǳʮɣǧ꣬Ǿ൱鷳ˡ
ҲҪ̫ˣ򲻹ܻǿܵĵģ˫ޣͬҲϻεػޣֻҪӳѨǲ׷ǵġҫʣɿشλһĸɮ֮㣬˾̾ѡ
䣬˶Ŀ⼯ϣĿŶʮҵĳȣֻβƿľʯ·ʵʳȺȷ
Ҳˣ뽩״̬˭ҲðȻ֣ôţʱλڳסȳˣҲ룬ȻǾŴ֮һ󞡯衣
һԲλھҲ࣬ԵĽ罾Ҳд˳ɹһƣƾâ䣬Ƽ侪ˡ
Ԫƣ죡
ɱȻԻתת飬һô蹥һƺļʵڣֻǾһҵľ룬ĵâɢȡ֮һȻ𾢡
⿴ƺ˵һƣѱĻ£һëû˵˶ѾˣȻһң䵯ɣֻͨȴʹѣѪգ쳣ܡ
ƱеᣬҲ߰ҵĳȣҲ߰ҵΪϣģأһߣ˲ѹϵʹже㲻мһˡ
ոزãһӰܶȽϡǣγֵİҫھ࣬һ񹦸պһĿãֻֿ໥ģҪ˭ǿˡ
˫ɫ֣ͫۼҫȴɲΪַӦһ޵Ǳͼӽֻ࣬ǲܿ԰ˡ
ҫθ߸Ծֱʮ׵ĸ߶ȣϷһֱ۸߸߾𣬵ֳɵƵ˳䣬ƥƴ磬һ֮ǿ˵Ŀ
룡
һǳɣ֮һֱײֻһȥʮ㣬ɴӰҫ΢΢üͷһûеôãһҵĿռʱѱȵķɢˣƤûķ֮ǿίʵޱȡ
ҫһ֮һأüͷһֱûչҲû׷ôԭأһʼնûвȡκεжҫҲ֣ίʵĪ
ҫ˿ϽʣɾƬֿ˿Ʋȥ漴΢Цˣ˵ôδ򲻻֣ǲ֣ǲܶɡҲ˵ǰľƬûһƬϻΣϻɣ
ûҫ˵һ㶼ûǰоƬαƷϻεı߶ϣƷ֮ǰʯĵײβס̫ĶƻϻΡ
ɽв˳ʵԣԺĽ˵ʱֻ黹ǲأٹʱϻδȡĻҪһǧȡѽʵ˰ҫһ䣬ɽĻĿɿڴ
ǻʲô
ҫզզĺһһֱȥȻϣҲжͬʱѹ
ⳡϻεսĻ


ڶʮ սϻ
ϣϻγĶѨ⣬ǲɫĻɢҫ۵Ĺâҫĵ˽ɽѿʱˡ
ͷһӣӶ**ĺ࣬Ҳ°ˣûãǹһ㣬쳹ݣɽʱʱľͻᱬһɺ˵ڡ
ʱʱ˪ʱâϣЩ֣˵ССɣĿ࣬۷׷ס
**ҫһֱڵһ㣬ݺݵײڶѨܵʯϣ֮󣬾ȻҫǶʯڣѹʯһ֮ࡣ
ҫһھߣһ³¶ʱɢһɼ֮ǰһں⵽ͷ­ĳһӳ˸ھʵϣأҲս֮
ҫһ𣬴ʯ£ǰĶս̾һǲֲ֪һˡ֮ǰ趼һУûʲôӦ
һΧ֮ʱȫһˣ׺ǿ˶۽磬Ӧ
ȻܼսֵĻôӦûɲ٣ʱĿôվԭ΢ЦĿŴҶս˿ûгֵĴ㡣
Ǵ֮󣬼˰ɣ벶ȸںȻǷˣһҲûȥҪСУа룬һ׾ͣĺȴʼ˲
ʱĻټΧֻעһǷڿϵģԼܾ˱˱ˣӶֻԼȫûϵĴ㣬Ҷ⵱Ҳࡣ
磡ȥûû˵ģֻ׼߳ɹԱ㹻ˣҪɱܣôȥϻβһǻâ˫צһżѸ͵˺͹ȴ˺Ļ𾢡
ãſĻĻһ䣬Ҳţ˫ȭͣĺƿ籩һ㣬ޱȣȭ޳쳣͡
磬㻹ڽ黳ǼôֻѰ࿴һɷ壬̾Ϣһڵ
ˣעҪģƺ̫𵱳Щ£˵Ҳ֪ԼʧˣǱͣרӦ
սֽţҫ»ع飬ٶ˿սߣҫһľҪϲ٣ҫԶǣƣϵļΪĬ
˺޼϶֮ͨ£ѾƵеƣڱˣκίʵۺ˽ʱûи̫˺
أ˵ʵڵߵʵҪ߹ҫһߣƫƫн٣ָܣΪ֮£ƣڱǱǳ
Ȼһʱò뻹еĴ˵ҲһĺϢˣûдﵽǧ֮䣬ӹа˰ңĻǧ޵ܣûг񾳵ʵ޷ƥеġ
񵱳ҫԸƺһ㣬Ҳ˲ҫܱƳս̬һжΪĴˣûдﵽǧ֮飬Ҳûνս̬ս̬ʵͰ⣬ӦҲ޼Ѱ
衢壬ȥҹҲûϻοɼֲҹٹӾҪɢˣְɣȰ˵ϻҫһȣԼҲ򲻵ѲŻ֣ʱһֻˮһա
һΪ廥һۣͬ
ҫ˵ͷٳأҲͬжأվһ𣬸һּΪǿĸоƾޱȣ֮µĹƣȻ춯أ֮ʡ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢촽΢üͷ˽漴չֵ˵ͷȻڰս˵ʵڵģҫսıϻŲС츳ġ
ʮϢ֮󣬰ҫ壬ߵغˣͬʱ𣬰ҫ³ԭزڹѾСڣȡһҹ٣ϥٷ˫֮ϡ
ͬʱܳ磬գ֮䣬ٴǿս˫ҫһƺ𾢱纣£ƾ쳣ͣñɽĽͷ£ƾޱȡ
ƣƸǶ
·ֻ˫ڵ֮ϣת֮£γһɵ˫֮ϣʱ䲻һ룬ڰҫһƺ֮ʣ屩һȭȻɫ㣬Ե쳣ֱͣĸƺ
弫ͨӡؼӡ
һһºУϵҲģŤתҪܣȴ͹˶˵ٶ켣ѱҫȻѲˣ˵ĹƾȻĻ𾢣֮ϡ
ǵһ湥ȡ˳ɹǰҫǿ裬ֻ˵ҫŵıȽѣӹ˵񹦵ĻĻƲ̫Զ֮ʱԣȽ𵽼ӳɵЧͻƶԷϣԵñȽˡ
ҫȻ֣أ˵ʵڵģû¶ݣӿʼڣֵƽƽ棬Ϊֻڣȭ˫ͨͨ
裬ϳ֮˼ѪƵ쳣Ʊ˫׾쳣ˣеķ֮£ټǺ˵ǣƣҲڰҫ幫֮󣬴ķ
ǧһ֮ʣԶĹٶˣ˫ַٲң߿һֽĦĸо죬ƺ˰ɢȻĴһ롣
춯أ
һжãҲһһգ۵ĹôһܸʲôͬҲգۺȻֻǶͨ˵ڰҫ˵һ㹻Լչϰٴιˡ
ҫͷ½ϣ˫ƽչת˫ƻƷһ㼱ת׹֮࣬â浶ƻһʸڱס𾢾㣬ҫ׾ٵ˺ˡ
˫ͣ
ǳ˫ֽӡϯ˱쳣͵ɫ죬͹ԣŤ쳣˫ȭƻǹһûͷ֮һӣƼ侪ˡ
弫ͨӡ˼ӡ
ҫпʹҲֲ׾ӡʯըĿݲϣƱҫй֮޲ƾ֮ͣίʵâ·Ҫǰһɷɻңӡ䣬ʵʵĺͷ­
һƬϲҪһҲǶŮͬʱ֣ȥ˫ĿʱŲȴӲĸ˻ǰһĻŮΪԵ˸еǡ
˦ƺڹԼʹŭһӣѸײڶ֮Ʒתļٴ£Ȼһɼֲı籩ҫȫˡ
Ǻһ㣬ǽ˵ĸ壬˫ޣ˫սʱǿԽкϻİ㣬ڰҫ˿˵ǣ൱


ڶʮ ǿϾ
PS500ˣڷ˵дһ㣬ҲпͰɣλǴ͵㣬Ʊ
ģˣӦÿǵ˫޵ĺϻԣؿɺ͵ʴףҫ͵һѪշˣ籩ķʵڹǿʹǰҫ͵ס
ʵֻǰҫһ˵ס֮ǰƻĴְҫڣȫɱ籩ݺݵɨ˻ȥһʱͬʱѪȻˣ˵Ļ塣
ͻһУһֲȻ⻹ֻǰϷѣ֮ǰ˵ǿƺʹŭ֮ǰǰ飬ȡ֮ëȻɱ⡣
ǵУԼãҫȴðԺֻǻһ£Ǿǲǰ˸ɷɻңĲݡ
Ǻ˸ով֮ʱͷ­һһ£ͬʱſѪڣ԰ҫչ׷еĻӿòˣͷŵǺɫĶ˪һ궼ҪΣС
ɨ˸æܣпҲֻ˲ֿȻǱȻģصѡ
ڰҫˣֿˣʵ˵ҪֿĹģϾʵޣֻܲͣתŲͣܡ
ҲıϢѨƻһƬǽ壬˸еĵǣⶴѨǱĳܸӳֹġ̵ĳĹҲֻܴߵȣһƬʯˣȫõĻ⡣
ֻǻһǰʱ䲻˰˵ǰʱʱޣѾĹûˣٲϻδӾȡĻʱһϻαžһͬɢʱɱҲ޲
ûʱˣɴƴɣܷţֻܿˣٶ㿪ҫߣڵ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿һֿһˣ˵ͷصҲֻˣֻѾͷսʽʺӲƴǾͲóˣϻΪֳ
ٵ˵ͷԼƫսʽȻѪӡҲһŲƷ𹥻ҫľһģǿҫһͬ籣Ϊϻ׼ҫİȫû顣
˶֪һ֣ó͵ϮԼȺҲǳȥߵģԸĸ壬ҪǸ˵Ļԣ޵ĻǾμˣҲֻͬһҫѹ
ۼϣ˵ҫ뷨֮Ҳǿ˰ҫһۣҫҲ΢΢һЦͨİοһ͹ˡ
ڰҫźù֮ͬʱ壬߶˵뷨ҲҫıϣڵȴһᣬһԸһĻᡣ
һ֮ϢͻȻֹͣƺǺ󾢲ÿʼףҲǣǿ£άһӻҪ࣬Ѿ㹻ֲˣҪҲӦģȻǿҲǾ޾ܣϾǻûȹǧء
ڣ
ҫ塢ͬʱ˫Ŀ絶ҫһȷɱҲǽǵȵľߵһ˲䣬˵ĿҲǳͳһе
ΪʲôѡΪڹ˵ҫôһƣͬյȽкͻƶԷķһ֮ǰҫͻķͿԿ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫֻգ֮ʣѺʮ׵ľ룬ǰתһ㣬ھĺ˻𾢣ڰҫ۳һżҫ۵ĻŰҫһƺֱȥ
С
磬ʲôЧķֶΣֻƾԼĻ𾢷еֿһӿɢûѨҫһСڵķ㳹׵˺¶ǰ
ҫһе̷֣ϣȳֻ֣˫ƺʮһâ񱬷׵֮ϣƥһƺ׾֮ϣһӣƺŤڲҪ޲ܷѾҺˡ
Բ֣񣡡
蹥ˣʱһԵѾӦӦ̫ǰҫ˹Ƶٶʵ̫죬۹вŹȥһҵʱѣķӦ˵ȻΪʱ
ȻʹӦҲķκεӰ죬ΪҪΧ֮ʱһԵ٣ˣͬʱǣƣպ谭ľԮƴнϡ
ȭжأҪȡʽڹ֮ǰҫ˵Ǻ֮ݶΪ԰ҫжϣԼһ֮УȭҲֻг°֮Ტˡ
ʱӡٽɣӡԸЧĵԼȭľɱ֮
ֻһȭһȭľһ֣ӲˣֻܲԵİƣһɽӭȭѹ֮ǿΧ֮㣬ԶİҫһϢУʵʵĺ֮ϡ
弫ͨӡＫƿӡ
ѪһĻصһսʱһĳɹ
ɹˣѪҫ˺ͬϻεβҲɿˡ
һԵۼˣȻŭ˼ٵ˱֮󣬷Ѿ˵İҫҪΪֻһʶɿβͣ漴һϹֱ񷶥
ھĵײҲԭʯݵĿռһ鴿ִ֮ɫʯϹ쳣貣һִ覵У⾧Ө͸ǵɫʯϻΡ
ѹֽŲţǿܣŵȻܴﵽ̶ֳȣʵڽϻأ
ǵĿϹ⣬΢ЦͣҲϻεܶеʵʱ˿̣ϻβĳˣôĶǱⲻ˵ˡ
˵һֱ²ĺˣʼչ¶Լʵһ棬һᣬ֮ǰǿһֹ˵ͬ쫷ϯȫ𿪣һֱܾײ
β¶ˣ裬صĹİҫһǺŲԶЦ
ǺǣûаҫֵĲԣҲòϻεģҪлҫˣ΢Цص֮еķζŨأǱڻ˵ҫôǿΣҪ£
ҫÿɷЦһƲһ۾ʯķҲȫӦѾ˷ûˣ׵ķˣôĲŰҫ˿ʹ򣬴һֲɱĲݵļơ
ײǰƴСϾ¶һּаЦݣⶫͲǸ쵰ľˣСӣ´ټҪƤǣң


ڶʮ ᾧ֣
ϻεѾ˰Ȼĳ̶ȣڰҫսԵõˣ޷չϻҪΪһеҪɱҫˣϻҲױ¶ǰ
ǧһ֮ʣһֱɽ¶ˮغˣչԼһ棬ҪΪϻ汦
ʱ˿̵ĶѨѾҲ״̬׷ɱҫˣӦ֮ҲסԱͻȻɱǹ
ڹ١أλΧƾʯĿԵֻҪ̽ΧƱҪϻᵽ֡
ĵײҵİݴѾϻУǵϹɢ٣˸еƵǣϻξȻܱؽСӣҲֻϡ
üͷ壬ϻβܱأôֻһֻսˣһ·۲죬Ʊֿɲʲôʡ͵ĵƣֻҪԼ¶Ȼ⵽ΧսϻαסԼ¶֮ǣһʱ仹治óȻ¶档
һʱ䣬֪ǻΧ治ɶ񣡡üĲ֮ɫ
ǲȥаȥֻһʱ⵽Ĺֻܵȣٳ˵
ʵбİ취ģȻǾòÿ¶һָĪЦݣ漴˫ֻİ侧ײ
˼ԣ㲻ǾͿը㲻òطҲֻôҪôԼĻǾͱɣ
һٶˣˣͬʱ΢΢һЦ漴ƺ䲻ͣôŰȥĿ񹥲ͣ
ײļ́ͷһûѻŷɳǵصĽײԼֻһ·ߣǾȥػص֮ϡ
䣡
ǿ·ˮӾײ֮ͣ˵ĹȫѹأһӰ𣬲ö˵Ҳû˭ˡ
˴ʱǱ˼㣬ڣͷģȻǱ֮ǰĹֵģһ˫Ѫ˿˫ۣһҪǰ˴ҵĸо
أǵ߲ںϣӦ˵˵߶ϣǼϵǿϾҲϻΣǿźͽϻΣһ㶣漴ҡҡͷ΢Ц
ҵ˭ԭǾӵġ¡鰡ԸȻҲڣ˹Ŀ࿴üͷһƣǻͷĺˣЦ
ߣģ壬ʶľ͸˿һߣĻӽ˵նɱʹκҲãƳһ壬ȵ
ŶնɱңʲôʱôῪЦˣҲ֪˭걻ҴĶӣ˺ˣֿԴʴˣϴθĽѵ̹İɭȻһЦڻصӶԻоͿ˵Ĺϵâ˭˭
ߣѳɣ㲻ɣվ͸һҲ֪֪ҵ黰û˵꣬ϻεһĵľʹһɣϻȻ׹ء
Ѿͷ
ҧгݣһһ˳ƺֱֲȥ֮ǰ˵ĵһ˲䣬һˣϢİֱ࣬ĵһĿϻΡ
ֵٶж죬ô˵ȫ£ֳ˿֮ûһܸϣֻһ˦һӰǰ漴һϻǰŸոյִٽ¡
˶ˣҫ٣ĳʵ̫ˣе㲻˼飬ϻμֱԶֵǰҪ˻ܿһֵļ󣬿¶ҪΪϻԶˡ
ŭҪٴγ֣ȴֱסٵʵͬСüֱ֮ߣڶѨĳڡ
࿴һ壬ߵ˵ͷһߣͬһһҽ˸ʵ˼ԣǵϻΣܳɹȥ汾¡
ҫһߣһϻΣ˵ʵڵģϻϣһּرĸоƻãĿ룬汦֮жеġ
ڰҫȥȡʱ򣬶ͻȻһҫ΢΢һתһȵסϻΣǣԼ֮ϣСһһɣɹսСڡ
ʲô
ҫһٶʧУ֮ǰԼʮζܽϻСڣôҫ֪״洢ֳ֮ҲһֵûɣǾǧµĿ
ҪǱ˵ƫ̻ʲô˼һͺȣһ˫ĿݺݵصȻѾŭ˼㡣
Ǻǣϲ˭Ͱ˭Ҫָָô飬ʦ𶼲ֿ˵ƾʲô΢΢һЦڻصȻƽ֮ǿ˲Ϣģҫһ
û֮ǰȷǿѰҫֻ˵һ䣺ҪȥֱۻϵģȥսСӣ
ΪʲôҪƫҫΪҲǷ£֮ǰһֱ̣Ĵʦ֣ճϻλ˭ҶνҪ֤ҫ𣬲аʧ
վĳ΢ЦҾû뿪ĺãҪϻξ͵ȥɣҵǿ԰æⳡᣬùƽ㣡
ʦǺ⣿ҫüʵ
ǲʲô΢Ц
һãȻһʱȫ²͸νʲôֻаҫˣͻȻһһۣ漴ЦҡͷһӣץŹٿ񱼶ͬʱͬĸ
һɤӰǰ塢ࡢȫһ԰ˣϢʧˣ·ӣںҫųɫĹĻ
һӣһɺıֱ񷶥Ѩ·ھʮһ㣬ڷ츲ص𶯣嶥ʯƬƬĵ䣬һƣҲԥųڿȥ
Ȼǳֱʣϯٶ֮죬ίʵޱȣգ۵ĹѾǳӽҫˣѰҫ˵ٶȣӴ˽ˣǧһ֮ʱˡ
˫̯±һ۵Ľ⣬ԿΪģ͸ɿ⣬۳һ޴Ľ̬ſ˫ۻӶ£ڱ𱬷ȱϷ
֣ʮһP
˲ͣϨȫǸ߸˫۷תתȻڲıѹ˻ȥͬʱľ磬ͬʣıϰҫȫɨɳ˶Ѩ֮⡣
ҫһʱƲסΣߵķݷɳѨѩʮȦֹסΣҫ֮ϵѩƬҡͷ̾ϢĴ߾ѧ֮һ֣ľ˰


ڶʮ ǣսӣ
֣Ĵռѧ֮һΪ⹦֮һǳϹžΪ֮ڹķĽϵһ˫˫ãศɣ֮ǿʵ֮
ܹΪʮPӵPһţԼ࣬Դƣ˵ﵽʮPʱųʧеǹ룬ˮ֣򶾲𣬽ղĴЧ
ǹ룬ͨƤ޷п⡢ǡĤڸǿһ˵ĵزֻƤڲอ
ˮ֣ˮͣһУȫ°ëȫգһ˿ˮڣգһ֮ں͸£¶ȴﵽ漶ֻ˶ѡ
򶾲𣬿֮ǿѾﵽ˼ĵײת֮ʱһ˲佫³´лʮϣʹֶڼ̵ʱȥ
ղ֮󣬿ɵֵһںҿֲķὫһйӱͨȻﵽԷĵز
ĴЧһ𣬾νĵʮPˣȻĸҲ٣Ͳһһˣ֮һ仰»֮û֮һֻΨһ
ӿһסûһ˿й¶䷴ѹ˻ȥͿԿֵܣԱ鼮ϿĻҪǿٱֹ
ʱ˿̣ѾѨıѩ֮Уֻ֮ǰǹɳڿͣҫ˱׷ɳ󣬾Ȼɢˣ٣඼׷ɵһߣҫǰȴ顣
ҫϻΣһ·Ҫ˵֣ھɱ㣬ȫʬһŭȺ׹첻ͣ溮˪ҫǰɱıŷ
ҫƳһۣЦ~

һ˫Ŀһգۼѵҫǰһ˳ƺ֮ǿ˪ѩ㶼ƿߣ¶ϵĶƼ侪ˡҫ˫Ŀһͬһƣƾƥǲضá
˶Ժһƣǿľͬʱ𿪣ɢϯϰ׷Χƺòˣҫס֮󣬶˶ȭ漴ָãŤͷʱֶԷҲڿԼǲͣƣƺ˵ıԼذ
һеҫͬʱ뵽˫ĿĶŶԷţ˴ڻɵš
ҫֻҪ㽻ϻΣҾȻ㣬ֻҪ̫֣㿪ӰҫͦεϢĳڰҫ󷽣·
ôϧϻǰҫӦһλǰҪȡֵģ֮֮£Ӧ˼ҵ£ҫʹҽϻΣˡѴҫͷһ裬΢Ц˵
ԭˣ֪λǰɷ֪Ҿ˵ܰ㽫ˣðҫģ΢Цص
Ǻǣ֣Ȱһ仹ǴͷΪã˵ˣû˻ȥǲ𣡡ҫǸ߸΢Цص
Ǹ˭ƷҲûˣڶħʱƷðҫ£ϻα֮һҪƷɣǼֱǳ˵ΣƷɵĽ֮ɲԼԼģɱġ
˵ʵڵģƷɵƢǳĥʱƽ׽ˣʱԵһڵĸоʲôʲôôôˣ˵˾޷졣
˵Ʒ޷ʵʵһУǼﵽʵһ廹ǲλ峤ʣȫ޷֮ƥеġ
ԹʱҫŴеġ¡롮󞡯ǰ˵ѽҫӲˣֻӦԣҫĻﻹеǡ
ôҾ嶼ǲĴڣλǰ⣬Ҳû˭ˣֻλǰĴܣõ¡ҲпҪϻΣҲд˵ħ׼ҵĵӰ
˼ǰĶ࣬Լʦ峤֮һĽб㿪ʼԽļᶨϻξԲܱҫߡ
ǼסܵУκû潲ϻΣܣҪȡأΪʦдãǾ塮ԭλ֮ѱüΪ
ҫ֣治ã迪ʵѾʼĳ
ǲãǲãҫص
͵ˣ軰䣬ηɴܶգ֮ѵǰٶ֮죬ҫյһ˿Ȼ˫Ŀһһͫ˵⡣
һƺ׾ͺˣ绡ɢƾޱȣҫһֱͣһһƵƣϣƴ½ֱţǶ쳣꣬߰Űҫƣɡ
ƣţ
ҫļ죬ķӦҲ˲Ϣ֮ջƾһתֱ˳ѹƷѹϢޱȣ׾֮ͺȻҪҫӲƴһУ׺սʽҲֻоֽçŻȥá
Ԫ֣
߻ҼţҫļҲƺ˸ʵڣͬʱУˡ
Ӿ˵ҫ治Էҫ֮ǰĴ򷨱Ƚɣעڵһб˸ƿǺѪӿԿʥµķȻҪ׸ʤһ
ڰҫ֮ʣ˫СʳָβָĴָָۣ˫۽ƴƱҪһ׺ݵ׷ֻǰҫҪâ֮ʱȴһֲľ磬ս֡
Ĺƺܹ죬Ʒһּǿҵ˺Ѿ֮γһֻȦУת֮£Ƴƣʵǹи˺ѵľĹʽ
תת޳
ּ죬ȴҫԴӰҫ򷨟o֮󣬶Σյĸ֪쳣Ҫɹ͵Ϯҫûôס
ʯһ˲䣬ҫջ˫ۣʹȷǰ㣬һһǸλţߵֿ֮ͣǿȰٽըҩƣԺ֮£ȻУӲĺ˻ȥ
ȣ޲ս޵У
ʹ˺Ѱʹ겻ʮңڹΪȻһСӵôġкȻҫչֳʵԱ۾ĻҪˣһֱѳ·硣
ҫһе֣Ʋˣ˫һŵ棬𣬱ֱĳɳȥ˫ǧòˣ֮ǿѹһͷ
ȣǧ£
ҫ׷쳣ֿ֧ͣ穣òǱһԿսʵȱĺܣսİҫȫһϡ
ۿҪʧֱҫش֮ʱһը죬İҫĤʹѣǿѹնһ˫ֱҫţֲ׾İҫһѪбӲĴϣ;°ҫĹƣˡ
Ԫ֣Ƽ


ڶʮ ǶҲǳ飡
ͻһУǡôʱĸոպã⧲֮£ҫҪܶܣ˸ʵڡ
ڻʥΪҫ˾ҵľڰҫܵ˲ûпȥôأĹҲ˰ҫĿԡ
񹦵ھĺ˻𾢷񱬷֮ǿȻͬʱʮ֮Զ֮ǿţ豾˶ҫǿݡ
շ֮ʣеľ֮飬֮ǰһҫʵ۾ҪǿֹڹԼ»Ҫѷһʵ޷ҫۺʵͺܶడ
֮󣬰ҫ˳ֲȥǵѪգҿһ裬Цλӵ£аɣֳʵûеǿ
üڻصҫҲҪ̫ˣƾһ֮ӮҶˣжʤ㣡
߳ɰɣҫ΢Цشƽͣһʮģ
Ǵʴʣ֮ǰһʱűռ˵ͷڿʼӻԴĺӵͷˣһŭȣҫǸŵ΢Цžͻֻ뽫ݺݴܡ
ӮĻ޵ˣɣҼʶʶôҵĺӵͷҫǸ߸𣬳鹴˹ָζʮ㣬ҪжˣеŭѾҫ׵ȼ

ðɣŭһҫθն֮ʣҲŷɴֱܶҫȥһһҫһս⡣
ҫۼ˳һ£˫ͫȻһͫ˲תΪɺ֮ɫٴαͬӳתΪɺ֮ɫѪԪ󷨣һƪѪƪ
̨ǰδе񣬷Բе춯ڰҫ֮У˵ľٶҫȫĲ׽ֻһӲҫĸ֪򷨟oһƪ飬
ͫʥ¡ѪԪ󷨡򷨟oĴͬʱҫ˲ҵһּ产˵ĵزˣҫֻȫԸԲ˵ӶԷ
ûôأҪսһˣҲ֪ѾͷǱôˣǵʵԱӦûɣҫ̾ϢһһӣһˣĶͬʱԼǰսһ
һ֦ҫս죬ߵս֮ңҲȰҫ߲ࡣ
࣬צ׺ݣһһ产ˡһְѧ׼ַӵ뾡£İ·۾Ƶģ켣仯޳׽
ŮӰٴܶͬˣŮ֮У˵ʵǶ֮һʱ仹ѷָ¡
ݱȴ൱Ĺ죬Ķ壬֪ӦñΪ˺ãǶ˺õˡ
Ӧùɽ֣ŶԣӦ֪㱨ˣҲû˫Ŀ絶ĶŹٲţ˵
꣬Ϊηңٿʵ
㲻Ҫ֪ԭһȰҪִڳޣ֮ǿģҪ𣬼ǲܵģ̾ϢһҡҡͷȰ
򣬹ż½ٿڱɱ˸ɸɾֻΪǲףԭҲһڸĸȫڻ£Լܵ˭֪ѵȺʱ
ڹ֮ʣȻķȥڹٳΪżҵΨһҴߣΪʲôԼһ·ʼ޷ˣҲ˵ʲôƺʲôڡ
㲻˵ǾˣҪҷ𣬸ܣ˳𲻱ĲΪˣ˵նȻһܴеĳޣȻΪΨһĿꡣ
ˣЩϹϣҵϣ٣ռʹòϻΣҲҪնɱڴˣܾ˱룡˵һɱͱȻҪԹʹɱˡ
֪ǲܵ飬ԣְɣȡ٣ȻҪƴȻԼһô˵ҲԼŵ֮һǶҲǳ
٣˱һɼ˵ɱ¾֮˵ƽɫضãټϟo񹦵ĵɫУһɲظС
˫ü΢΢Ĺ٣ѹίʵСȻԼǵ͹˹ٵʵϵ٣֪ͷҲ֪ܣٴôʤͺԤˡ
˶һͬʱսʽֱӣѸƥ͵ϣ֮ǰսʱı˵ɽ͵Ĳ񻰡
أƳطo񹦿ģѧȻ¶ţɱˣƸ޼Ѱκηλ˷ʤ
սʽչ˫һӴѱһ㺧˵ˣĵսȻޱȡ
ؿҫߣһ裬ȥûʲôƿԣʵأս񲻹ʱ䣨һΪСʱѾԵʤơ
ҫֽؿǺѪңѪҰϢңȥƲᣬɴЦıԿҲȻòȥʵҲˡ
溮˪ļҪγѪ˫ĿĶŰҫţеɱ⽻֯һţһҪҫҵζ
أѾ˹ȥھͲ˵ˣӡҲ˵ˣҪǣұѾʧѪһأǿҵѪζŷŻ˿ģȻһˡ
һҫǻǵ͹ʵҺܺ棬һֱۣ߱ôģһڣŰҫʵ
Ϊ֮ǰʦһ䣬ҲҪӴϻΣֱۻᱻϵֽӴȻǱϻΰˣȻҲ׷һ۵ģҫ΢Цص
ʱص˴ս֮ʱĹƿ˵ศɣ֮Ĭ۷ĶΪԼĹһӴѹ˰ҫһͷռ˲СϷ硣
ϷҲͱ˼ӵʱ䣬Ϳʼеģÿ߹ұ۽ԻʹޱȣԽԽʹ·ڱ˰ƤһۣӶ¹Ʊû
ͻôӵùҫķۣ׼һյҫ˲䱬û裬漴̧͹飬Ƴֱ͹Ҳ࣬Ƶʶ̧ұҫԺ䡣
ҫۼԼĿĴﵽȻŹ˫ȷ˫۰켣Ʈ޶ȿ磬ھ񹦵Ĺע£һֱ֮кұۡ
ȣ߳ɲư
ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬰ҫ߳ʮ֮࣬ӲĽұ߱ѪҺҫƲˣһлƻޱȣ˲佫ĺм֮˹ȥ
Ҳҫй飬֮˸ţԼĿĻǴﵽˣ鱻ս֮


ڶʮ 黹㣡
PSˣҳԷҪһƱƱƱʲôƱԣҶһ㶯ɣ
ӣǾഫһֳƺţܹõֳƺŵľˣԻõˮ׼ĴͬʱҲΪҵӣ൱ŵİʥһ㣬Ψһͬǣÿһֻһӣһǲ˶λġ
ô˵ӵĳƺھڵһУߵĳɾҼÿһӶΪֵܣ˴֦֮ͬ鼫ֻãֱֵǰ໥Դ
Ҳˣҫϵеĵġ¡֮Ϊӵۣ󞡯裬˶뵽˱ŭ֮УڰҫԸ⽻ϻΣҲɻѰҫңΪҫֵܣôͱҪ
֮ǰҫһУʱ˹ϷҲΪΪֹѪסû֮ǡ
齻쳤չֳֻ֮ʣҫˣҫҲѾϢϣʱһһҫɲ٣ƺʲôƾԵüΪݣϲޱ֮еɱ⼫͡
ҫ㽫ֵ²УδҲ̫һɣνһߣպ̫ôľޱ˵쳣䡣
ںӱվвʪЬ̫ݣô˵ѧղأ֮Уһ۰򱻷ʲô˵ģ㽿ʲôʲôأ裬ԼⷬܿЦôҫЦ
оҫǲΪȻ̶ѣɻֻ̻Ҳ㣬ʮ⣬ҾĵزҫǷǳġ
һڣһӣ˫ĿѪ͹ޱȣ˵ƱüΪ壬һ˫ѪͫİҫֱüȻҲʩչʲôŻᵼò䣬Ϣü˶ʢ
ֹۣʢԼǱܣ㲻Ҫ˲ɡҫһڵòϢжϳȼǱܶƶģȻ
ֵܣɣ㹻ҸƴˣҧͺȣѾʼ˻Ƶͳ
䣬赥ǰһ̤һֱǰ壬ǿĳ˪ѩƳһٶȿľˣһƺȻѹİҫ˲ֹͨͨһƣǿһʱҫá
ܵ䣬һأѪ
ǿľ֮ǰǿϣֻһƾҪʤǷвˣҫа룬ʮɹ˲䱬ھ𾢵ǿ֮£Ҳֻܱˡ
һˣҫ̷ĽǶ˵־һȱݣǰҫҲֻάһӰˣʱʱ޽ҫȫԸʱ޵ǰܣ򣬰ֻܵԼ
ҫ˫۽ָâ񽣰˽뷢âѸޱȣѵ֮£켣ĥһʱ䵹ҲƵ΢Ǳκʱƶʢ񽣲άּĹ򣬱㱻׺ɢ
ҫĹƻû꣬˵ɫâձɢһ˲䣬һ˵âӻҪ͵ĽâֱƼ֮ͣǿڳһֱѩײ㶼һգ֮ѵǰ
񽣣ռһʽ˫ϲգ
âһ׾ޱȣ˫һϣ׾񱬷֮£âԽ׳ذ벽һ֮죬׾ϲǿľâ飬˳ɢԶϰ֮Զҫ˶ˡ
Ԫ֣ģ
һƵֱӣǽɫĻΧǣѻȻһƬҫսǴ񫡣
˶һٮٮߣȻǾֻ֣˶԰ҫĿҪù࣬Ͼҫһжһӣһӣ֮ʢֱȻֻڽСơ
ԹҫĴսѾ뵽˰Ȼĵز֮ǰһԺ佫ȿ˽Ÿһȣ漴εضֱԷȥ׺ҫƾ˴ѽѷ֣춯أһʱҲֲʤ
ߴȻ죬أͬݱһƺȭӦԣӾ˵Ҫʤһǹٵķ쳣徢ˣҲû˵ٶ١
٣˳һȦһɢιû취乥ƣʮ㣬ȭʮоųɱΣ·ţ뺣һ
ɱ֣մȥ
һʱ乥֮£˲һ㣬˫ֽӡ죬һƬʶʱէ֣һɻɵϢмٴ䡣
ɻɫƣ˵˲ðޱȣ˫ȭƿ籩һ㣬ÿһȭķ侪ˣȻûкƹٵķǿķĹѪڣܡ
弫ͨӡ켫ӡ
սתȻƣȴȭ޴룬ȻɢۼˣƼӿ֣Ҫ˽ѹ¡
Ҳţoעϣ˫һٷɶʱƬ״ĲӰȭһһ£һһأٶȿۻңصܲ͸磬Ҳ·硣
ԭˣϿӾͿˣһٺɨȿ幥ϣҲòˡ
ȡʤ֮Ȼ̫ഭϢĻᣬո˿֮ʣһٵı棬һĨͻ֣һĿĸо
棬嶸Ȼһ֮ǰһɲǣƺһԼһȫԼһһƺΰȭӰٶȿĺˣ͵ľˣһӾͽݺѹס
ɱ֣辢¾
ԣԼȭٵĴˣаڳܵԼ֮ǰȭҲ˵ԼľɷˣҾֲίʵޱȡ
ʱ·磬ôһֱ·磬ٵȻδûƽ֮һ½ǰȭӰɢ˫ֿʼӡ
ɾոտʼӡ˲䣬һͨͨպɨԭҪӡ˫ֱһĿɿڴа²ǰĹһЦԵøĪ⡣
ȷǴ²ӡɣһ˲Ļ㱣ٴ⵽˿籩Ĵڲ׽Էսʱκϸ΢οǹ֡
ս౻ˣ޷ӡ޷ƶͨӡԼһµͬˣĻԼ˵ԡ
ֳٶһͺ䣬ÿι֮һӣΧĿռжȫµҾǿϣмƣڱǳʧأٴĺ޻֮
ɱ֣ɱ޾
ѳɣֻǹٶȻ֣ͣǰˣΪǱ壬̾Ϣһջ٣ͷҲصתȥʱһλ
oģκѧĹʽѾ͸ٳ㲻ҵĶ֣һ㻹㵱Ķ飬ټұɱ㣡


ڶʮ ʵ
԰֮˿ŹԶԶȥǹ¼ŵıӰҡͷ̾ϢֹԼܵ޻˵ֻҪٴһԼķڷ
תȥķǰҫս򣬾ڹǰʮ֮һ춸Ȼ漴һӰֱԾʮ֮ߣӰ֮ͣ׾ۣΪһֱ׹¡
׹֮ʱʱ𺣷ӿƺһĻתУת֮£һŻñȽһҫۣһˣֱʣչҵײ
纣â죬о춯صԺ䣬ྡྷ˱ѽɫĻϡ飬ֻǰĻԸǹ׾գ֮ѽâɣϯϢ֮󣬻ɢ֮ǰӰΪһ̣׹ء
ٿķǻۣȻ֪Զʲô૵:һôôʤѷˣ
ҫжˣǱƵأĻڹٵĶߣʶĻͷ󻺲
սΣٿʵ
צṦҲܸӦҲף֮սȥˣţƽְɣǰҫĶֱȽ˵أǸ裬ȥز©΢΢һЦ˰֣ڻص
ٵͷڻص:εĶûпȥô򵥣ľλӣʵǰģ˴ӡţʵǿ⣬λӵʵβ룬ʵۣ󞡯Ҫȡ¡ǿֹ֮ǰǵâȻΪ
һ䣬΢Цͷڵ:ٴǲѧŰض֪裬ٴز¶أ
ĻٳĬһ֪ʲô˼޷ҲԼ֪飬Լݣֻⱳ˵˵ĴܣԼ˵ֻԼҪǣҫֲ顣
Щ£Ҳ˵ϣףҷģҹΪףȻḺǣٵͷصһһǳġ
װҲһֱٴ簡԰ҫ⣬Ҳܿٴ֮ǾͲ˵һ죬Ҹҫ֪ģΪѵŶȻһЦٵĻģĻҲͬˡ
ƽ£һǼűһ˲磬ʶǺˣ۾ϹһΣûϹ΢΢һЦеɪһţȡ֮һο֮顣
ţ㣬ȥҫǱ߰ɣ˵ͷ΢Ц
˳ŰҫķȥˣȻ˳ⳡϻεᣬ˵ʵڵģƴϻλ˭һδ֪Ҳ˵Ƕ˶һ̶Ȳ׾
ϻϣһַɣٵĽʱȽ⣬߻ǲ²𣬿ʵĸоƺĿġ
ȹ̳ɳȥĻ½ĳһջпܽǱСأ˲ᣬ˹Ϣһ֮󣬻˵
磬ΪʲôֱĨɱأҪһϷ룬治֪ôģ̾Ϣҡͷ˫ֻ֮ʣһּΪĿ⿴壬֪ʵȫĻҪӮûôס
ˣЩ飬㲻Ҫ֪ģܸ֮ӾˣԹԸңʱһȻ֪ģ֮ļ΢Цص
Ū飡ƲƲ죬͹һ˽ȥֻȥʱͷһ۰ҫڵķһĪЦݣнԶ
˵ҫߣٴγְҫӰʱֳĻ𾪲СС洦ɼҷԲڵ˪ѩѻ˸ɾ¶ײ㣬Ҿ߳ɵֽڵɫ
û°ɣҫձ˫֧ϥǣϺ£˫ȶͣѾѵıԵˣĵ΢Цк
ڰҫǰԶϰߴ׳£һţŰҫȺĴ֮ǰ쳤ϣΪ˹ˡ
ʱڣ˿ȥսƵģҲ̶ã֮أϱۺ鶼ȲλӴͬһ˵ϣ˾ǻ죬ҫ
һۣ漴ҫߣ令סΪҫ˹ˣٵڶǰñǰȺ˳롣
ļʱȻҪǷʬˣλӣ治ʲôʡ͵ĵƣʤıȽأҫżЦ
а㿴ǹĲ״һϱ²УһˣҫӦǴʤŶԡһЦڹά
Ȼô˵лǺܲܵģ֪֮̽£ʱİҫѾ;ƿݵĵزһɣѪ鸡ң˼أ֧ţڻԲѣصԸӡ
ҫЦҡͷӮգ֮ǰһӵսֻǾĶǵĺܣҫ趼ǴˣˣѾ򵽲һľ档
ҲΪַĵز°ҫķѪԪµͻƣڶƪѪƪѪ񣬶飬
ڿѪƪƶ£ҫսһֹǵˣ˾Ϊһ֮۷֮һֹɣ۷壬ȴ۷ǿü
ҫڿѪƪļӳ£ʽ۷׶ΣҰҫ֣ԭҲܽ׶֮УҲԱ֮Ϊеľ磬˴Ϊ˵ǳƽˣܰҫĻ̶뱾ϻҪʤһ
˴ļ񣬼ӣ־ȻﵽϰУҫòѾ˼ĸı䣬˫ͫѪѪۿƮѪ沿˿̬¶ǰѪͼƣԵø졣
ҫı仯ҲΪ֮ݣ֮ǿսǴһֲҫٶȱˣҲǿˣѪƪǿ߳ҡ
ҪĻǰҫĹƱü׺ݣơ񽣣ʩչ쾡£ʽת֮伫׽£ʵÿһÿһʽõǡôֱҪȥйѴ·硣
Ѫ񣬶ʱһ׺ݿ񱩣ֲ飬ء飬ķʵֹ̨ˮɱ¾֮Ӱ첻⡣ǡѪԪ󷨡ĵڶƪѪƪˡ
ʱƣҫ㣬񣬶ڹƣԼ϶ѾԵתƣôȥذɣ֮£һжʤ
Ǻ֮ǰֱʣŭƣҫһлһĻ費УҰܵ
ôҫĻʲôʽŻȥСȴСǿʮֹ
бǾһ˫Ƶһн˫ǿһƷ
ǰҫ뿪ħ֮һֱʽֱ֮ǰٽʱгɣ֮ǿֻþĸݡ


ʮ 񹦾ף벻У
񹦣ϹžڹķϹʱڣ֮ⷽǰҪԶǧ֮ǰʱṹʱشͬС죬ͬŽͬͬɷ࣬ҲͬʢУ񹦱ǳڵʱǸϹ
Ϲô仰񹦾ף׽
׽ǷĴڶĹֻҪڼ춯أͶдܴڣҲᣬ˵񹦡
Ϲʱ񹦵ͷʵϻҪǹ׽񹦳ڹķ⣬⹦ĸһɣ֮£ף׽ͷ֮ѷһû׵⹦

߸ͣٱ
ľơƷɱˡ
Ųơж֮û֮һֻΨһ
ڶ񽣡ָâ缲磬羪ףգ񲻿ɵ
һ˫ơ˵µһǿƷΪСʽ
СԶңأҲӡϴصڲƣר˻Լ⹦ķϹʱ񣬳˷ŽʮPܷûκηֶܽ浲¡
˲䱬ĿֲСʮϣҴǱڻ𾢣Ǳڽ֮ڰգвҲҪϾⱲӶ븴
˫ƣһбΪصһУֻϹ˴һУԲڵһٳޣеˣҷ𡣡
񹦴гɵ˵Ҳ಻ʤҫԲһԶʮ֮佫ھûдﵽһĹ£޳ɣ˵ǰ޹ˡ
ҫľжǿ֮ǰԼƾ֪ˣǣҪľȣģϾĹֻڵھˣȻ
ôǰ˵УҲ㹻˵ˣ󵱰ҫĹﵽһ֮Ȼš
ʱ˿̣ɽ£ҫţȻ˶࣬˵ʵڵģս治ҫˣ¹ٻһ˶ܺɨϰ׳ϾԶ˵ʵΪ˵ƣֱһЦ
ϻѵ֣λ˼ػԲѣλ쳤ϵȫ֮£Ҳǡ
Ѿͷˣ
ҫͷ΢Цͷ£ҫ޴󰭣Ȼ״ָֻ̬۷ʱڵңԴʱľ˵Ҳˡ
ȻһЦջҫ֮չһ½ǣһлָã΢鸡⣬Ҳûʲô֮С鸡ֻ֮ǰ̫󣬼ϷѪԪ󷨵ĺ֢ˣƲûпȥôء
ϼһزˣɣλӣʱѲˣҲֻˣɣҫߣǰ󺺣Ц
쳤ϱҪǲ֤Լ˰ҫϰ°ҫˣҪȥǶˣҪ˵ȥҲܣΪԶǧ˫۾ſء
֮ǰϷ׾ҫˣгײҫ°쳤߳ȺεĿһֺ֮֮
еƱǿǿλʧȥսŵλҲѾߣԼȻ˶࣬սȴûпȥôǿ˵٣һ˾ܰ˻Ҳɲλ쳤ϲϾʵʤһС
Ӵ˭ˣûôСۣҲˣҲˣ뿪ɣҫ΢΢һЦת˰֣ڵҲϰҫĽŲ
ҫϻε£ҫһҾһ棬ձлλ쳤ƺģϻΣŰҫ˵ıӰڵ
ΧһЩһ˶ڰҡͷЦ쳤ϲʶ̧٣˼Ҷ˵˷һ·㻹ŲţⲻԼôɼ쳤ֻԼһĶֵߣһЩëҲû
ҫͣ½Ųת˵׺ɱޱȣֻҪҫһ£ʮϢ֮ڣǰϰٺɱһɶ
ӣķһ㻹Լʧķ˲ɡڸ·ߣҪôҪôҫûлعô쳤ϵ˺֮ǿɱ֮أ쳤϶ɸԼ֮ǰǾ仰޲øԼһӣǳӶˡ
쳤ϣߣһĻ쳤ϻͷһ󺺵Ĳվǿڵ
쳤ۼҲֻܰݣʵ迪ڣ쳤Ҳ֮⣬ڸպӿҪȻٺò
ҫһսĳˣڣŰҫıӰ˵ҫҲû̫ľٶֻǵ˵ͷǻӦˡ
ϰٺ˾ôƺƵˣЩΧ۵Ҳ뿪Ǵҫ˵ע⣬˵ʵڵûһߺմӰҫҲֻ˳ⳡᣬԹԵȥ
ⳡϻΡᣬҲǸһ䣬ǰҫֻҫкᣬָԼһңǾǾ塣
ʱǾ仰Բֱһ˼ǣҵţû꣡ҫҡͷЦһԼڵ˻治ء
һҲһҲ㳹׽˳Թ⼸ǳѸһ޷Ǿаˡ
ҫҲ壬ԼаûʲôøУεľɱԼôܻкøУаҲͬԼΪжһЩܸǺԼǣⲻһս֮Ǳˮڣʲôʲôûо֮
ûиǰУϻε֣ǲ֮УǿԻһˣҫһڣ
˵ʵڵģλǧµĿˣҪ㣬ϻθղСڣϸӽ֣ϻ˸ˣп
ʱλҲػذҫǰŰҫ΢ЦͣҲ˵ʲôôŰҫЦЦֱë
źߣʦ˷ϻεᣬҪлʦ㣬˶ҫģõϰҫĵطʦܿڣҫضǧ︰ᣡҫ˵ʵڣжͻгͱҫһֱӵˣҲһܸɴˡ
仰һ£ܰϣڣʱһᴫŸģ΢Ц
岻ݴǣʦܴŸұɣҫȭһص΢ЦͷתȥǰҫһϵĽӴ˵ֻĸݣǾز¶
ҹҫɽһջЪţһսίʵƣҫ״ָ̬ʮ֮һ·ɽˮȥǲ֮أҲû飬ôסˡ
ֻһҹעǲƽˣҹʱ֣ڰҫ˯֮ʣ⴫һԺڵİͣҫҲòȥ
ҫջݶͷȥʥ۷һΧһ꣬ҫ֮üͷ˲
ô


ʮһ ּҶڤڣ
ҫվݶ֮ϣµĽֵϣֳһһľ棬ʥĸʵҲףָǺ顣
ѱĽڽڰˣ£ֻҪҫ֣ɵ飬κΰҫûгֵĴ㣬Ϊԥ׸òþ֪꣬˭ҲˣмΪìܡ
ҫ磬ô£ְڰҫĶߣ䣬ٻӰƮȻ
ҫƳƳ죬ָŽֵϵ꿪ڵ㿴˭
ϸȥĿȻܿĳ࣬漴ü΢壬ţô
˵Ҹòó־ҫʵ
ɵڼ֮󣬶ʼԥ
굽ǺˣȻðҫͬʱ岻ʵǰҫˣǰҫ°ܽҶĵİҶҲΪҶĵİܣŻðҫΪѡ
ҫҶʲô飬֮ҫľģ𲽽׶εǰҶĸģҫôڹģҶĸһϴ赤ҶΪڻҫشϹ
һĿڰҫУǷҶĵģһӶǷҪûҶڶİҲպյĻҫ
ҶĶҶɽܸǵйڣҲֵһȡҫ˾ǲԥʩȡ
Ҷ֮ͽ־ܣָܾ㣬ҶĶѱӣûƾٷȥͱǲ֮ͬ飬նɱˣ
һֳ꣬һ׷ҶһȵɾĻոµһ˲䣬һǿ˵ľХƷûһӰ׹ǰȳ״߸ƺòˡ
ɵˣ鶼ˣǰԼֻʦ棬Լλʦϼǰ˸Ǵһְףɵеĸо·ǰԼ˾СϣҪһָ͹ˡ
ո˵Ҷѱô£˵
ǰ˵ʻһĭ򶨵ǺˣȻҹڤڵ£Ҫ˲ɣ
ڤڵˣãȥҶģɢȥҫ¶ݡ
֮ǰǾ仰ҫʶĳˣиǽ겻ǰĻҶĳˣôԼԲӶҫֵܰ
㣬ǻҫǰһ˵Ȼϳ˰ҫò
ҫǰҫҫҸ磬Ҹ¹Ϲˣպͻᱻ壬ġε㣬ȾҸ磬κδҶԸ⸶Ҷ֪ǰǰҫʱ򣬸æǰż˵
ҫľݣҫжţʵһоǰʮ֮УοԼҶĻǹ֮ڤھΪҰҫҶĵģ˭֪;⵽ͬŵ׷ɱ
죬ؾȻֱԶҫǰֱɱҫҶ
ɾٽҫ֮ʱҫˣһһƿӰ£ǿĻ𾢽ǰգ˫һ˦һ㱻˦ߣ֮һ˹ȥ
ҫ׾ٵĻˣѾ𾢷ٻһҽҲǸˣ԰ҫʵڳûһһ֮һʸΪǰʮ֮ڣʱյİҫôǿ
㵹Ǵ֪˭ͲҽҫǰΨһûгֵ꣬˵
ҫʵұ֮ôĶֻ֣һ³ˣûʤԣ̾ϢҡͷЦһ
ܺãˣܻĳã߰ɣȥҴ仰֮ҽڤڣҪǸҲҺֵҶģҰҫֲƽڤڣţȮ

ϵѶж죬˵ľˣһ֪ǧǧ˴ͨ˵һڿڶഫ֮£һذϢҪò˰¡
ѶϢҪǱ֪ˣǾ͸ˣҪ죬һ״ѶϢķʽٶ֮죬̾ΪֹյһĵѶϢ֮أѪڡ
ҫŻڤڣ֮ڤҪˣҪ֮ǰҫѣҶģʱڤǲֻҶʲôʧţȮɱ
Ϣĺܿ죬ĺܿ죬ڰƲ֮£ʱѴ䶯ǿ϶ģҫͷֽĽпν죬ĺܣҫ˷ľٶ˵ۡ
е˵ҫʢ˵̫е㲻е˵ҫԼеĿˣӢΪе˵ҫԾĹԼЦڤһ֮ҫ۵ǱȻ䡣
֪ϢˣҶ˵ƵĻɿ˵ǰҫҷˣȫվڰҫߡ
ôɳΪʲôҪ˵ĻΪҫһɲȵ˵ģǿڤڰ
ڤʲôʵһݣǸŲŵֵһڤڣʵǼǰĻ໹ûôҪǽڤڳһ£ʦڤڡ
ˣڤϵʦһкպаٸ䣬ޱȣǷ켫֮Ϊĺֲ飬ǰչʱѴ۷ľΪƹضΪȻųĽ
Ҫǣ˻һʦöһЩ˲аεպգ壬อѪ߻ҩ֮ģҲǽһӲһöҩίʵа֮аε
εĺôأ˵ҩЧھϳɱӣһû򵽾磬ڷ´˵̱֮򣬲أֱӴӳ֮ﵽʥ֮ûһ˿ĸá
ô˵εĴڿֻ֣һƣıڹѳ͵ߣͨ˸ãǲǾֵν
аҲȻ󲨣ҲΧ˹ֻǵйӹһ٣չذ겻֮󣬱Ȼֻڽһ㲻Сķˡ
ϰҫڤڣÿðҫʰķɣǺڰҫĵ֮Ҳ˼ˣڤ¹ҫݹ٣
֮еĺ֮ͽĶڤڵɽǰУųɵ˶ǿֲ´ģ뿴ǣ֮㵽ܲѹƾá
ڵ峿ʯ֣ڤɽأʯɽҶ֮£һ껺̨סһ̨̤֮ʱ»Ȼ𾢷ӿϯＴȼ̨̤ף˺̤ڻ֮ϣƾޱȡ
дšڤڡֵʱ̧ͷʯֵĽȺһŭȣϹǣ֮ѵҡšˣ


ʮ ڤϣң
ڤɽصأ˵ȣȥ
ڰҫ֮ƷӰܷӶգ֮ŮڰҫǰĽ֮ϣ̬죬˪ƵҲס
ҵ˭ԭǴĻҫ㵨ӻ󣬾Ȼһǰ治ڤڷڰ֮Уһü۵꣬ŰҫЦ
ģڵŮӣɽò޶ˣֻ̬֮⣬ǰҫһŮ̬͸е
ҫƾһ֮ڤڵĻȰ㻹Ǵͷ㼴ʹǿҲܸһƴϣһ㣬ξˣ߰ɣǲ㣡˵ȣ£Ҫ߹һͷеͷߡ
ҫüͷһ壬̾ϢҡͷΪҫˣЦͣɽţҫȻ̧ͷŭȵڤϣǻǽǰԼҳ棬мСң£ҪҪƤˣ
ҫĺñȾһݣ˲ը֮ʣǰ˶öֹȻڹϣǰ˸޷ҫᲢۣοҫֻɹѡ
ߣҪϹǰɣãҾͲڤڵңǳҫ֮󣬲ûеõڤϵĻӦһӡڤֵңЦ
ȻҶʦ𲻾ҫ˲ɣ
ȻڤҪسͷУ
װ˾ᣡ
һ֣ɽţ棡
̫ˣӦý£ܾ֮󣬽ʦεйͷ֮ޣ
ǰ˳֮ǰмȰҫȥ겻Ϊ⣬ȫˣɫ̱һ֣һɱҫҪ͵
ۼɱҫһ˫һ𾢷𣬻֮Һޱȣת˲ѽУҽڶ˸ֿ˻𾢵գһشǱ
ƣޱߣ
ҫǰҲ߷ͣˣ߱˵ɹһжӲס˼ֱ֪νһͽܣҿϹҲȥ
Ҳ֪ҫĻģûǰʢ˵ŮӣҫƲƲ̧һߣƤƵĽ߷һߣһ㼫׼պƵŮӵĵһǵûϧĴ㣬ָǺ顣
ŮˣΪѧ㻨ȭȣͿĿˣҫƽֲ֪ߵ֮ˣҰҫУûҫƳһǿѪֹŮӣ˵̶ҫҲͽѵһ¡
ϹʮϢʱҾɱеĵӣ㹻ʹһ˰ɣٺ٣ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ɱӿɭȻЦ
ǽɽ˲ųһ˻˰ϷļɲĵĵӣðҫЦˣҫͷҲˣϷıϣͷŹһɣ
һԶӰͬʱɴܶ˸һ棬Ψһ֮ϥأ˵Ӳμʦ𣡵ѧղδ´ˣʦ𷣣
ҫüǰ˸һ־͸һ޵ѹȸУѹȸֻ֮ǰʩչŻ֣Ҳ˵ǰˣҪǿҪʩչ軹Ҫǿ
һ˸ߴ߽ͣ˳ңȻòϿѸߣȴǱ뺷ĲУһֲŭĸоڤе¹塣
һ˹Ѫɫް߰ף˫Ŀȥһ״̬ƺѾʵҫһ΢˸УӸо˵¹廹ҪΣաڤе
ĺܺã֪ΪΪ֮Ϊߣҫʵ˵ģܱ侲ðȻ֣㹻ˣڴȥ˰ɣｻΪʦ˱ɣ
깧Ļص֮󣬴һڣٴδܳʮˣ˵˷ûжĻ붯֮󣬱ʧ
ÿ֣ͨӶʵǿֹһǰ㣬Ϲڽ̵ӷ棬ˢӣҫа֮ǰЩӴһˣཡɣƽҲѵء
˱ڤϣҫ˶һۣʵ
¹塱̻ص¹ЦԵúͰףֹסüҫҲԽݣȻǶ԰ҫ̬ȣΪŭ
ϻ˵ҪҶģ˰ɣҫڵϲޱ쳣
С޷ҲʿɶֹˣҵȲԸС»󣬿ɲ㣬ֻǲֶѣĻ
üͷǳǶ԰ҫ̬Ѿﵽ޷ܵĵزˣߵ¹΢ЦȻǳ˵
ǺǣиأҫǸ߸ЦݸһëȻɭУһӣҫ߸ԾͷڤڵɽңҫͼԲ
Сң˫Ŀһɣ·ڵһ㼲ֱҫȥľٶŭȸ赲˰ҫҪ¡
ʲôҵģҫٶȺ֮죬ҫһľ룬Ṧ˵ȻǸϲϰҫˣֻĿŰҫҡ
ҫڤɽҳƽʱǰ鳤׿׵ĽԵøĿҫԼڸʲôΪֵܣȫΪУΪУһڤʲô
Ǻ˫籩罾֮ͼ产ˣٶȸǿզ࣬գ֮䣬ڤڵѱҫıΡⲿʯܣ޷ܰҫĺƾ׺飬֮£ӵһ㼲պ
Ա滨Ĵʯ飬һһƣƷñ쫷ϯòˣǿľǰеĴʯ˵ۣɼĹڰҫ֮¡
ҫأƻ˿壬Цһ̧һֱҽݺѹ֮ɫ˫ƵסҪ赲ҫѹ֮ơ
ɾ˫ƽӴҵһ˲䣬洫ѹʧɫоԼסĲǰҫѹңһɽѹ֮е˼ȻôҫӲѹ棬޷°֡
ȣ׶ɽݣ
ᣬȻ֮£֮ϣôܣ
оޱȣôһ˲ķıҫ׽ˣȾȻ˵ص׹ڵ֮ϣײһֱһɶӡ
ҫһһأֽסѲ״ңǰһ˦¹Ľǰʱ¹ѾЦˣҫǿ󳬳ܵĸɾ䣬˰ҫơ
ҶҰҫֵܣ˭ҪͬңȺ˻ǿ벻̣ҰҫҪǵƣҪǵţ


ʮ һͿأսϣ
һ˵ʲôҪڸֵԼһӵǱʣƶ˵ʵЩҪ
ôʲôһŵأǾˣһԼɽŵҶ˲ˣžʵǿҲֻᱻЦ󷽣Ϊ跹ʱЦ
ڤڵǱҫϡãұҫ£ıͣΪǺݺݵڤһӣϰҫ˵Ļ˼Ѿ൱ˡ
ҰҫֵܣҰҫڤڣݣ
ҫ˼൱ԣٶ뻰ﶼ᳹˼룬ҫڤڵҶ¹֮󣬺Ҳûðҫ뿪ԭ崺Цݣʧ٣ȡ֮·ҪγѪı顣
СϷձҪңйͷֻޣñŭװĺȻ
ҫǰȻըǻͷи߸ԾټһţޱȣԼһαһСǱȻƲûжأûа취ܣΨһй;ǰǰİҫݺݵĻɱ
ϹܷͣҪҴңҲ·ͷûʵҫıһĻﻹ˲Ǳը˷ΣֱҫȥֳΨһ侲¹塣
ۼצҫһֱȥһһ죬һ˲Ľʵ϶ѾԺУֻ˭ûռˣ԰ҫĹ޼ôʤֻܿʽϵľˡ
Ϲʵף񾫴֮£ҲֻʽϷʤˣٺòСүҵľʽȣ㹻Ϲͷˣҫ
Ʋ̬˵ҫǿĲʵʵѰа
˼һżһ㣬ٴεתֱԷȥҫʥ뱦ͫս֮ǰϡ
ȥɺǺܶ࣬о仰ǿѾǿûˣʵֱðҫʵһ̨ף̥ݶΪ
԰ҫͻȻǿҲһ㶣˵ҫѾеѹסԼˣûԭ֮ǰҫһֱûоȫԼҲȻô
Ҳôһִ֪˱ľ棬ҫٱƽ֮˫Ƽʽдᣬھ𾢵£ת۳ͣʮȥ
ƣţ
ƹ죬Ƕȸǵĺܣ⧲֮£త˼£漴һᣬȵƿһ㣬ǰĻߴɢ
ɾڻɢһ˲䣬ҫĹֵˣֻ䣬âޱȵĳ쵶⣬۾еʹѵ紵˿ڸƤʼʹƼ͡
գ
ҫһĺܿ죬Ҳͣ»һѤĹ켣Դݺն£ƶԺ䣬ֻ̧˫Ӳת˲˫۴һ˺ѷεʹǿľȻѹԼ˫ϥһ䣬Щڵأ֮أ֮ңԶ
һҪ˰ҫʱķӦˣ˫ϵľͻȻʧ٣֮һţֱؿڣ֮ǿԼֽͬһ㣬ͬ裬ؿڵľʹ͵ĿȳһѪ
ȣ޲ս޵У
ҫ˳ˣȻ಻һȺһӣɴܶһš˫һǿڰӰ߳ñȺһ㽫ɣȾ׺ƾˣÿһһ޿ƥ֮С
ȣǧ£
аߵͷö˵տʼҫҵʱ򣬶˽֣Ϊû׼öĻôھʵʵսˣ˵Ļᡣ
ʵܹӣҫӮôףκˣˣˣڰҫʩչʥ뱦ͫʱһ˲ðҫ˸ţֱʤ֡
ֵıƴͲһ˿һķģȻٲԵӣһ˲ĳɾͻһһͻᱻ򣬱ֻһͿء
ʦܣл¹ۼҫĺ޻֮еɸֵҡͷ̾Ϣ漴һս֡
¹ս֮󣬵һʱһƽҫ俪һӣ˫ƺޱȣ԰ҫ׷ʹ򣬰ҫҲѸչݱһʱȻʤ
ҫüͷ΢壬о¹ڹʽϲûбǿ٣ȴܸҫϰжܣȻǱҪǿֻǿڹʽϣΪ¹ܳסҲӵ侲Ǵݲȵ̬ܹʮʮķӳԼʵ
Ϲе㱾£ܸҶôãǿˣҫɭЦһ¹һ͹֮󣬾Ľ뷢¹׼ƴݵֵҲ·硣
Сɽңڵӣʦֵܶˣͨͨմ޽ɶ㣬ɣ¹ȵ˫ƻӶǿľ絹Ҫҫǰҫһ벽ơ
Сٷʤ
ڰҫס֮ʣһŭȰһǿľŰҫıſҫȻһЦڵ°ܽǰˣ
ҫһƻػ󣬻𾢷񱬷ƾһ㱬֮£һ׿˵Ļƥʵһ㣬צòˡ
ƣɽ
ѵƺбһаһëȻļ֮УԻֱӺһƣϯȻɿ飬һ£ֱɱм
ҫüͷһ֪ʲôãڤƣҲֻڤƲŻּᷢа֮ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢Ժл˵Ҷĳθѧĵʱ˵Ļ漴Ӧ֮ߡ
ʱս·תļ룬Ȼս𵽾ԵӰ죬ڤϵò°ҫʵһֹ
ҫһ漴Ϊƴ¹壬¹ļл£ҫҲǻܣӵ쾡£ѪԪͬʱһ֮Ӳڤ֣Ȼ·硣
˼սڤɽĽݲһֻսʯֵڲ;ʯԼ˵ྡྷٵһͿֵǣƴƣȻûڤڵһΧۣڤڵĵ˷·ȫ˼һ㡣
ҫһ׻𾢣ƥڤһаɭ̹ǣӰ񽻲岻ֹһȥķڤڵĺɽء
ۼڤڽӢӣʮִ£һ׷ͯյʿһ׸ߴһɰ˳ߣһɵͭԼ廨Ҷġ
Ҷģĺֵܻ֣ᣬ̶һУſеĽȰ齵ڤڣұ㲻ǰӷһΣʿ˫Ŀգ΢΢Ц
Ǻǣ豹棬ϻͯΣԴ⣬죬ֵһĻҫһô˵ˣҶƳһʿЦ
ȻˣٺòҵεֿԶһöˣʿǸ߸˫Ŀһûͫ۰׵ķֱֻһƬ


ʮ ڤƣҵֵܣ
飡
һ죬ҫڤϱ˴˵ľ𿪣ֲ˵˷·쫷һϯܣҫһжڤ϶Ժһƣһ·սͣʼԵࡣ
ϹѶԸȥУսپɣҫ˿ʮ׿⣬ڤϻ˵Ц֮ʵǿĺˣҫҪڶʱȡʤҪ䲻С
Сӻʽǿһ㶼ҸʦܲʱʵǸǳƽʵףѹ֮죡¹һȣ˫ĿĶŰҫţа
ҫչֳʵʵľѣ߽û͵ĺ֮㣬Լν߸ӣ˴⣬һȲðҫ
ҫθȣ̵ֱڤ϶ȥ֮죬ȻԭһӰίʵ¹һۣ˵ͷ˷ֱǰƱҪҫݺѹ¡
¹ǰһƺֱҫţҫһֱ¹ߣȴ¹ֵҫ˳תһâֱȡ¹岱¹żһˡ
ۼ¹˿ҫ׷ϣǿ˫Ƶ಻һʰâѵֱѹ¹壬˲ֹ
˫ͣ
԰ҫɽĵƣ¹ȫʧһʱҫȻûиԷ̫˺ڰҫϣ˲Ͻҫˣ漴ͬ¹ͬʱѹϣչ͹
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢絶˫۽ת˫ĸ۳һţ˫۵ĻԲ裬һǳ̫ͼε¹ͼηתǿľ罫˴ĶᣬξʧѪķ츲ء
Ųƣ
԰ҫǿľ磬¹弱ǣץס󣬶ͬʱ˹ֿסΡ
ҫ˫һջľ磬漴±һɼ产˵Ļ𾢣˫ͬʱ¹֮ϸԸһųһ򣬻ͣѵ
Сؾ
԰ҫͻȻѣ¹ü漴ҧҧĸҫӲӲԼˣҫһˣͬʱе£ҫƾԻԼһͬʱڤƵĻô˺㹻Ҫ˰ҫˡ
һۿŰҫƺȫܣʮɹԺһڤƣصӡڰҫ֮ϣҫСӡҲͬʱжˡ
˵ľʵͬһʱ䱬𾢺ϯԲϰףྡྷԽܵľٵһͿ
ʱ¹ʵޱңҾεȵĿֲգ֮ѽȫ³׵ȼڰҫǿƾ£˺ڵһ㱻ɳʮ֮Զ׹֮ʮɹȫϨ漴ڵϿѪص
ڿҫߣǰ߸һӨ͸ɫӡ˫࣬μ֮ʣڵĿĵĻۣüͷɫ԰׵ģӦڤƣӦҲܲȥ
ǿһƣûιȥ࣬һưֵҫͬʱһһڤƣ㲻ҲҪϾһӴԺÿҹҪܾ֮ࡣ͵ĿһѪʮ׿һİҫɭȻЦ
СӿȥеŹ֣˹Ϣָ״̬ñ﷭ˣ¹һ飬ԶİҫҲȷŹֵĺܣ·𱻵ѨƵģվԭһȥڵȴʲôƵġ
ʦ֣Ҳ̫СҿǱǺһƸˣ㲻ҲܵģҶ˾ųɶµһڤƣСܳܵģ赣ĵģ¹ļ򣬴Ц
ϹЦĺܿôһЦǳ԰ҫĿУ¹ݺݵĴ˸
ԭˣŷɥڤưôӽ󣬴жҰҫ𵽰ãҫ΢΢һЦ˵һ䣬漴һҾ񱬷һؿϵɫӡգ֮㵭ȥΡ
ҫͷ³һ˫Ŀתˬȫû˵ļڤƺǱҫľ񹦸ˣ¹Ŀɿڴ
ڤڤƵƷߵһɫӡͬʱаƾữΪһֺʱǱߵڣÿҹᱻɽอ಻ԣ֮پอãС
ǰҫǰڤƵɫӡôڰҫ˹֮¸ˣֱǰδҫܹԼڤƵĺĻô״аƷ԰ҫ˵ãڤƵͬơ
ⲻܣôܣ˼૵¹嶼ƿԣһ仰˵
ûʲôܵģаĿǣڤƵĺҵļ߱£޷ֿ֣ǵڤƶã
ҫ΢Ц͵̧Ĵָϳһųɫ㣬漴һɫâһţʮ浹أüĴһѪ͹ĿҫһǴյ
ǰи㣬ϣܻشң¹̾ϢһʵˣΪڵƣڰҫǰûзıҪӶӲֻ
ԣʰɣҫصĴָϵĳɫ׼¹壬ȴ˵¹ûôᣬҲһҪ
Ļڤô¹忪ʵ
ڤ˵ɱȨһύҶϣֻҪ˵һ仰ڤ˲ɱôһڤţŮ٣һϾɱҫĻص
¹ȻһЦ˵ͷڵܺãְɣ
һ䣬ҫĴָɫһͬҲ¹üĴһѪ֮Ҳ࿴һ۶˵ʬ壬ԹԵó˻ҩ£תȥպյڤϣҫɱ
ʮϢ֮󣬰ҫʯһƬ㳡ǰǰĹ㳡ɽʽܹΪ㣬ʮĶϡ
һ㣬ڤڰӢס˰ҫȥ·ڶ㣬ʮƲڤڳִŰҫ񡣵㣬һʿһ޴֮ͭϱĿͭǰͷɢ廨ҶĳڰҫС
ҶԴ΢΢̧𣬿һ۰ҫǸ߸ô˵ֵܣ㲻ģİ
ҫ΢ЦҡͷͬôصոϹҲô˵Ҹˣ
ɲһ˶ɵĶߣֵܣһȰȥüûҪΪҰϵģ
Ҽǵõ˵һ仰һ£ûʲôҪҪģϾʹˣ⣡
ֵܣӽ㽫Ҷĵֵܣˣһ
ҫҶôｻţ˴ӱ˴˵жһȼյĻ棬ֵ߽ͷҫҶ֮壬Ѿﵽͬͬĵز֮󣬶˻ڣֻһ仰ݡ
ֵܵнûʼˣһ


ʮ ٣ͫ
ǰҫʿ֮ͭϣҲۣƺܵһжĸ֪֮ڣҫ֮󣬿Ц
ҫ̧ͷϸʿһϯް߰ף񣬿ʲټ信㣬˵ĵһӡĸо˱ڤڵĿɽʦˡ
òϿҲȰҫ٣ɰҫȴĺܣڤİ˶ͽܣǰ˾ʵ֣֮òڶʮͷ˹豹⣬бǾΪפ֮Чˡ
ʵҲʲô̫ϡ飬򵽾ߣеõԴЧãǾ꣬פճ١
ÿξʱǿܣֻǿѣͬʱܶĻܽһ̶ȵҪĻһ̶ȵļ³´лĸܳ
ܹΪĸ׶ΣҲһε飬Ǹ˵һϵͳޣһ̿ʼ
ʥʥԭлҲǿԻꡣ뻯Ϊײ㣬ǧ뻯ɴﵽǧ飬гϣԶȻɡ
ҫǰİ˾߰ҫƣôҲϵĸ䣬ڽ߳ƵʱѾǰٶǰ飬֮ǰһЩţϣӦøԼƵҲ࣬ô˾ͱȽѶԸˡ
ӹΪ˵ҫϵĹΪǰҫıҵĹĹΪһʲôĸ˵ɣϴġ
ҫʦ㻰أ»ػۼҫ˼δش˵ʻһŮӳסˣǳ
ʦʵǾϻһô˵ˣҪҹ»ػϼҫһŮӣ̧һǿľɨǰӢӣͻȻŮ˲İεض
һӣǿҵϢоŮӻʧɫԭԼĲѱҫĿסҫЦ崺磬Ҫж⣬Ķ˵鷳ҷ뷭ʲôй»ػ
ҫͽʲôôƽϰɣ΢΢һЦδۣڵ
ƽϣ⻰˵еˣҪ˵֣Ҹνͽһϵģƽ֮ĽûνļƽϲƽϣҲǣֻʵĸߵͣͽﻹǷϲĺܣѧղأҫЦص
һ漴ЦݸʢҲػƺǱҫĻҭˣҪ˵һУֳûҫƥС
ߣҪʿ֮ҫڤڣν£һ׷ȵ
ϺͿôǰҾ˵ǷˣֵܱԴҪν£ϼһ㽡ǳմҫһ
ҶһЦ˵ʵڵİҫĳЩƢԸԼǳζͬ첻µز£ֻҪ˭ǵԼӶѪͷ
ڵ£
׷ͨ죬ƽˣһ˭ǱϹϾͿģ챻ҫСôܲŭ
һ䣬ڤڰӢӼɴܶƶʳһ㣬ֱҫȥʵѾ̰ҫܾˣ˽ҧгݣŭɶ
ʵҲܹߣҫһ¶ͱֳһ޵е״̬ʵŭĺܣǰЩӢһĸ˱ԼƽﻹҪţԼͬôܱһƽġ
οҫеһͬ飬еŭѰͲסڰ׷ϵһ£ŭѺݺݵ緢˳Ҫҫж˿顣
У˶Ҿ°ǣۼȺƻľӢӣҫЦһŮӶˣǰĵӽ½֮ǰȻһɼ产˵𾢣
գ֮䣬ҫѾŮǰ漴һƺںߵСϣһиɽţŮӵĴһӦǱײȫʴݺ׷ɣҫֻһƣʹǰӶᣬɾ
ľݣף΢ЦۣһķƵ
ҫüۼԽǴݲȣԼѹԽ˵Ӱ˵ͷ֪Ҫ˵Ū飬ܣֻ˵дƾ֣㹻ѹ°ҫࡣ
СҪ㣡ۼҫһ֮£ɢӢӣ׷ڰͲסˣһȼ˫Ʒ𣬶ŰҫͺȥȻֱӴ͸˰ҫ塣
׷һϲ漴ַǳͻأĴʧɫԼ˫ƸûдκζǰİҫֻһӰˣҪˣֻѾˣһޱȾȻܲ
Ϲ̫
һĺܿ죬쵽׷ϸûӦ쵽ʮҪǰæϲϣҫһֱԷߣƾ֮ңֱ֮˺׷ϵףصĺ֮ϡ
һѣ׷ϲҺһݺ׹أ³һɫӡһƺ߹ǣ˹ȥ
һڵĳϰˣܵĸɴ䣬ҲκνڣҫļǿʣµЩ𾪣ΪûһܹҫӰҫļǸϡ
ôģǳսһϣҶ㣡ҫǰֱڶ㳡ǰЩڤڵĳִǣȥǾᣬһֲϵӣȻֿɰҫ㣬ҫʵǲ
ɾڰҫ㻹м֮ңʱˣ˫Ŀһ˲䣬ҫ˲е޾ĺڰԼ
ͫô
ҫüһЦ漴˫Ŀһһͫ˫ͫǵĳ׹â˶΢ȷһ֮̾ٴλֵָŵ΢Ц̬
ҫüԣһûУͫ϶þΪҲͫ㻥ҲиײŶԣǡԣɱ
ڰҫ֮ǰǷֿðҫֱ߹ĳǼаƵĲ̧ͣͷʱ˫ĿīкɫҺۿʵڹ쵽˼㡣
~~~~
һ֮Ӷڤڵĳִǣǵȷаˣеǰ˵а֮ǰǲڰǳŰҫȥģǳȥġ
ʮ˦ſˮͣŷ·ҰްĺҫȷаˣҫҲ˫ֳָָıֱ˫һ񽣰˽ɡ
˵âݺύӲͬĽǶȷ䣬ڰҫĽһѪĹ򣬵ҫ̤ϵ㳡ʱĵڶƽ̨ϣûл˴ڡ
ЩһľӢǶˣ˿ʬĳִǣֿ˿ҫıӰ˲Լͬһĭ
ҫԼǿǸеȻͬʱ󲿷˶ڿЦԼ֮ǰĲһˣȻ¶߰۷
ܺãҫеҪǿܶܶ࣬ҺܰţֻҪϰΪʦһҶԼ̣Σ
Σֻ˵ִεԺеʱˣ
ţûлȥıҪˣ


ʮ 糤֮νĻƽһ
˵ͷҫǹɱ⼸ѾŨҵ˼£һֱɱ֮аҫһǱ޵Ŀ֮ģҲܱ֮Լãǻֱӻ˵ĺá
԰˵ɱ⣬ҫֺ壬ͷЦʦͽôûͰһԶҵģϣǵĺ󳾡
ôˣüҫȻǰôڤϱȻǰˣҫôһ˵˸оڤϹƲֹǰô򵥡
ǿڿ˵ҪҴңܻվǲ˾ˣüĴԿһӦû˰ɣ
ҫһ΢ЦشһҶǰ󽣶Ͽߵһʱ̽飬Ҷĵĵһ㼫ΪĺţҫĻüͷ壬ˮ
ҫþһ£쳣ͣȻԼܹ⿪Ҳһʱܾܳɹģ⻢İǰǾԲܵġ
Ҳ˵ʱҶڽս£𲻵ãһͬ죬ȻǰµĽƣһͨôסҶġ
ڵĽƵȳȥٸɣ˿ЩȰˡҫҶĵļ΢Ц˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ̾Ϣһڵɱ¹
ҫͷصһʱûסӦýǵѨ֮󣬽òŶԣ
Ҷİ˰֣ڵ޷ʦֵܣɱɱûʲôʵãȻϹҵĸĸϾҲģԿ¶һµȥأ
ǲʱδҰ㱨ˣôлҰҫֺǺǵ˵
ȥģһ಻˭ѧôп룬ֺ֪ôУһָ֮󣬺ôٲģҶûĴ˰ҫһȭЦҫôһ鵹Ǻ˲١
ҫɱͽţɣ
ŭȷǳͻأ԰ˣֻԾ𣬳Űҫֱ£֮ɫ֮ǰǷִݲȣֱĻȪҪҫƤǣ
ҪȡҰҫÿıˣϣ㲻ͽôϣȻƴ񫰡ҫЦһκƿٳˡ
ͬʱһƣһԣֲ˿ɢܣķѹû㳡ƿһ㣬ľֳ˶ʶס䣬ʹҲɱͷĿѣðǡ
Ȼһҫ׹ص棬ֱӽȳһѺۣһͦͷǿһѪ֮ǰԺͣҫ̧ͷ죬̾ϢȻԼڹϡ
УֱϣҫԼƾ֮£ķʵڹںˣʹԼĹȰҫǿ࣬Ҳ޷ס𣬵Ȼϵƻеģһͭ˲סԵõݣȫû˵ļ
òϽϵĹ湻˵ģûҵ飬ҪȫԸˣҫа˫ĿĶŰ˲ţߣϴľʹ
ܺãҫƾոһƵľ㹻Сƽһеǰʮˣ̾һֻеɱԽŨˣ˶˵ҫˣǾͱҪնɱܷȥɳ
ƽһʲôҫͻȻһ㶣еĻƽһҫе㲻֪룬ȥƺƵġ
ֻǰҫһĺܲʱΪڰУһ˲İҫȻŹһţżһͭգ֮ѵҫͷϷһ˳ƺֱҫǶȥ
רһ㰡ҶĴһҫ˲ϥһ䣬ŽҪ֮ʱȷٵȹǧ֮ޱȣһߵֿ׼Ȼպöϰһơ
ȣ߳ư
Գ֮£ҫźݺݹأа֮ҲܣһƱ⣬ĸǴһĵۡ
СӼֱΪսӦզ࣬սֱѾﵽҪ˼ȫӦȥУҶ
˱ҫȾ𿪣Ҳǲĺܣҫ֮ǰķľˣ˿ܿʲôֱҫԼֱӵĸд
ҫɺһųոԼȻõ˵ʵڵģ˵깦һƣܽԼѪڣñʹ쳣
УҸ̫࣬ӲӲ㣬ķӦսֱңҪֲУҫעһ˳ֱ˶ȥչӭս
ۼҫһƾǷΧ㣬ǰеҫҲǵʲãһлɽһ㱬˵ƾչײ춯أһɼ产˵ྡྷֱӽѹһӣһƬĳ
һƬ֮ʣ˵βŸոסǰһƬӰɴܶҫ·һʮλ߳һţٶȿļֱܴﵽģ˱һ˫Ʒ趯ȫء
ȣһǿݣ
ҫɭһЦתѭϢתԽԽ죬ÿεص𣬶ӰÿӰ߳һޱȵĹơʱȥҫĹƴһ֣಻ֹĸоİ֧穣æңеزˡ
ÿ죬ôܴﵽٶȣ֮ǰҫ˲סӵŮӺȻĿȫϰҫĶ۾ˡ
ٵƶ£Ѿֻ˫׽ˣҪͨϢĸ֪벽ɶͬ۲죬ֻ۾ȥô֪һԵҶƳһŮӣ˵һҲ˵ʲôΪ벻ɡ
ƲŲ̸Ҷڤڿ˵ڤ֮µǿһˣѧ츳ʶжܱȵ˵ģ˵Ȼܱ
СһҲ̫һ㣬ϸлƽһҶǸ߸𣬿Űҫ͹˵ӰһǿҵսȻȴһһҪҫսʹ졣
ιҶģʲôǻƽһʻĻŮӡ
ͷʶ̣νĻƽһҪӽǿ˵꽭еĸǰǿΪУտʼܱ˽ֵʱĹȥˮԽԽ࣬ʵǲβ룬νĽǿѾΪ˵Ц
һ£һ־ȻֻгڵľΪôܹŷǺڽǿֵһҲǷΪƽһǿ֣߶԰λУҲԵ𡣡
ƽһֻ¼ǰʥϳ²ڣ겻ʮľšǿ֣Ǽ¼˽ǰϣ²ڵģߡ
ôţǾҪÿһȵ֮սˣ˵һ֮սĿٰ죡


ʮ Ṧãˣ
СӲûôһӣûͣʲôӭŰҫһһ˵к˵ʵڵİҫ浽ֲ˼ĵز
ʵϰҫĲҪôǲܵģҫ֮·ԴԴϣ޾״̬ΪڹʱĹʽ֮䲻ͣתˡ
ĳʱ̸˼ĵһ̶ʱٸþйƵƶ
򵥵˵ֻҪҫûԵʧ֮תĻôҫĹƼʼ֮ͣЪĳ̶ȡ
תʽҲֻаҫͬʱе˲ܰ쵽ֹⷽʽĶᳬʮˣϾҪ˫ޣܼҪͬƽģûû˻ô¡
ҫأʵҲʹȻԼͬʱУҲһֺ΢ƽϡ
ǰǿħһۺͻ񾳺ܵǿԼƷɵİͻƵھʱ˿Ѿȫƽˣҵںϡ
˵ʵڵģҫԼ֪ں֮ԼӵʲôΰԼñȽɡ
ؿǰҫﵽԼԤеսţȻ˵ĹԼߣôԼͲӲƴ춷ɡ
죬ұңܴ㣬㲻̫ۣٳɶ࣬һӴһ£ܻʹ㣬ֻһ˲ͬһλƿãһ仰ô˵ģ书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ơ
ɣǽʤǿĲţʵ˫ȶսʱǿľһӮôҲȻĳЩʽǿƵģ˵ͻĹλ˫ۣҸѵ㣬ﵽΪʤʤǿӵҲʤ
ʱҫҪԿҲһַӵ쾡µĵزּٵƶɵĲӰеֲ嵽ǸʵĸˣΪеĲӰܶչ
ҫһ㣬ڲϵϵĹŰˣԶİӢӶˣڳǿҫˣԲΨһܳ׸ϰҫٶȵˣҲҶһ˶ѣֻҶĵıԵúأŰҫռϷ磬Ҳ˲
ë깦濪ðЦȥĺͣҲռϷ磬ʵϵ˺ǳޣҰҫĲ̫ˣտʼǿ𵽲ϼٵãʱϵеˣëмѭģ
Ҷ˫Ŀ絶ޱȣһ۾ͿʵһĻһ˰ҫĶ̰壬ǾתʱеˣȫûṦеƮ޶ĸ
ȻڳаҫṦѾǷǳ˵ˣҶṦǰǲϸΪϣҫԼҪĶĶ࣬Լܽһõ£ҫֻҵͰˡ
ƵڳأҫٸıսҪԴˣҶҲҴѰҫΪͻѻðҫģּսзģǸɱ졣
ҶȻͣȴҲӲҫĶ䣬֮ǰһŽʱԼѾѪͬʱڶܵĸ֪ҶĵĻպñԼ׽
С̰ʤ֪䣬ΪѹסңĴΣ˴һ˫Ȼת˵ľϯܣаҫµĲӰִɢһӾ˰ҫļٹƣҫӲԼǰ
ҫһʧҲţ񱬷Ҿƣȫ֮ϣէ֣ڰ˽Լǰʱֱֱ˵š
С
԰ҫС򣬰üͷֱ壬ӭĿֲ𾢣еһױȵΣУ¼ųɹһƣӡӿһּ֮УȻڤϵĳڤơ
ԣ𾢺Ʊһϯܣƺòˣҫμˣ˵ʵڵڤϣ˵ڤƱǿٱֱֹ۽аҫֱ۶һɹǵʹУ˾жޱȡ
Ҳͬ𿪣СԿֱֲ۷·ڻ˿һ㣬ʹޱȣ⡢ʹ飬˳Žֱอŵð˸æ˹ֿѹ£Ҫĺ˹壬˿ҪҰܵ
СȴҲһҪո𣬰ǿʵǰѾڰҫǰҫȴܹüë¶һĪЦݡ
аֲڽеؾݵôô֮ǰţڤڣǵڳﻮʲôıҫЦ
˶Ȼһ㶣漴ɭȻаЦС˵Ĳһ㶼ֲȻûа٣ֻĵһ仰˹ؼڣ콾ð
ԴСʩչĴûж٣ɴ󲿷ֵĵ˶айأϵóУҪ˵аûϵ˵ţҫص
Ǿ͸㲻ˣ֪ܵˣҪ
һ䣬˷ξȻͣڰգǳ񾳵ı־ֻ˫۷תԲͻأͣľ£ǰѹһɷţīɭɭ̹ǣƴ
ڤƣ
ҫ£ǾˣǰӢһĿɿڴΨҫҶĶƺʲôû̫ľȣǲǳ񾳻Ҫʼǡ
ҫ˫ƽչۣ˫ָԳһС˫һϣСԻƵķʽֱˡ
Цһͬеĺţһһ˹ƣһӴͱһɺ˵籩𾢷㳡ǰӢҶͬʱ֡
һЦȥǵѪգȻǱֲĻ籩ˣϸһ£еǰ٣ԼĹҪˣҫʹҲҪ˲Ŷԣ˵ĿĴﵽˡ
ֲֿ籩֮£ҶˣʵͨǰӢҲˣֻҪɱ˰ҫͿˣסԼܣҲΪаδĸ󻼣һð
ģҸΪǳߣԭJǹͷпãװģŹһǾ
ʲô
һŭŵİȫĺëɷİҫƸ߸߾𣬶һűСʮ񱼶ı飬ƣŰˡ
ҫľˣ֮ǰһжƴѾڵĵ߰˰ˣ԰ҫƣԼǷ·С̫һĳԼֱӾҪɥȪӣ˻û·
Ǻ˶˵ȶ·쭣ת˲ʧ٣ۼڴˣҫҲ׷гɢΣһڴ
ģǰˣ


ʮ ûҪĵط֮
۸СҪŲؿǹˣզѵܣҪͬһ챻˼ݿ
㻹ܳƻëŵĲᰡܵӣЦҪƾʵѧĻ㻹Ҫа
Уʲôйƻս˵ˣƴ㻹˵֪˵ˣʡҴ
ڰ
˵
ҫҶϯضţûǺ˵籩ϯ£ǰӢȫɨ˷ɻңΨҶû
Ϊ˷ǳǳʱĳ֣Ҷĵֵĺ٣ǰȻ֪ܵĸȥˡ
ҫ磬ҶĴ磬˶ץŶôðƮȻ䣬ڰҫǰЦ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦҶŬŬ죬ڵɣ
Ҷһ㶣̾Ϣһ΢Ц¹ˣڤڵĳִ£ԼӢȫ˸ɾڤھ͸죬ʣµЩ˿ɱҲɲɱҿķϵľͷ˰ɣ
ҫһҶģ΢Цҡͷڵ㲻ҳ̫ݣɱͬŰɣ
Ϊ˾ңôܹ㣬˵ˣЩ˾ˣǸûһĴڣұëʱûһ˿Ϊ飬˶ԹۣǸ׵ܶΨΨŵŵ֨
Ҳֻɵǧ︰ᣬңɱǣʲôϵʹ㲻ɱҸ֮Ҳˣҳ֣ٺòҲ޼ҿɹˣӽҲֻܸˣûɣҶ΢Ц˵
Կڤȫûһ˿Ȼﳤһж˵ûһ˿ĸԣ˫ױ֮ͬͬ·ˣҶ˵ڤǸʼǾûгһӵ£һҲҪġ
ðɣģѾͷôȥŰɣһϣҫ˵ͷҶѾôҲö˵ʲôˡ
˵ͷתȥҶĿıӰ΢Ц˵Сӣϱû˵ǣʶ壬ʵǿҵֺܸһ飬㼸ĸ
ĽԼȥӡҫƳһҶģû˵ڰˬС
ˣ˵£û뵽ëȻҲаˣаб֯湻ģ治֪лжٸаؾݵɣҶĿڵ
ҫ˵ͷڻصʵؾݵʮ󳬼Уֻаֱһݵ㣬δҲе̫һ㣬붫֮аʼٸߣԭĲɽ¶ˮڵĴģһҪһͳأ
һͳ²ֹɣ񶼸¼Ҳ֪ԽԽֱһ磬Լһ㣬θ̵ֻ˵̵ضпܣҶ˫Ŀ΢΢˵ĻҲ㹻ˣҫüֹ˼֮С
ˣ죬δôһ죬аһҶҲԺ飬ڵ֮ҪƺȻָ˵һһɣҶ˸˵
û⣬ҸطϢһ£ҰеĽƸˣԺ͸һɣҫҶĵļ򣬴Ц
Ǻûô˵ͱζأ˵ҲȵģԺ͸㴳ɣҶҡҡͷЦ
ٺò߰ɣһֵܸʶҲǹ֮ŶҫҲ΢Цͷ˵ҶĵͷӦ˲Уʯȥ
ֵʲôһҪѪԵϵҫΪֵһ֮һͺ㹻˵ˡ
ʵҲǰҫʱĵһӦ֪Ҷĸڤַ֮󣬵һӦǣתڤҲҪҶĳʵ־һӦ֮¡
ڰҫҶȥʱ˱ǧУһԹĿ⣬ݺݵĶŰҫ˲ţĿ԰ˣֻˡ
֮ǰҫһɻͷֲַԾӹ˵Լĵ߳ңҫȻܷôǿܡ
ǰ˱Żɵ̬ȥҫҶĵ̸֮˲ûιȥԭնɱҫҶģûʲôգԼȥҲһˣ˭֪ҫû̷ҩָҲֻܰŰҫȥ
ҫ˳Ҽˣһָ֮󣬱ҪƤҧгݵһȭʯϣ飬˫ð𣬺޲ھͳȥҫ͵սʤ˳嶯û
ûᣡһ٬ĻӰ˵Ҳഫ
ˣ˸æŤͷȥֻһֻѪɫӥʯ֮гԼ۶
Ѫӥٶȿĺˣһţʺഫһʹʯ֮䣬ѪӥצѾ˵Ĳס
оĪǰѪӥɢһѪ쳤۵ظ֣ӥצĿסԼʺԼη𲻿Է㣬Ѫɫñ֮£ظֵ˫Ŀ˵Ѫâ
׵ܣϧ
ȵȣ˭ס
˵һ²ˣΪظ֣ûи˵̫໰Ļᣬӥצһ˺׾ٵ˺˰˵ʺ
ѪԼðѪʺָʲôֺ˵һĻ浹أ˫ĿɵĹԲֵȥ
ظˤˤϵѪƳһ۰˵ʬ壬ŤͷֿҫԶԶȥӰ˵ߵܣֻܰ㵽ˣаǱ򶫺Ժ·ֻܿԼˡ
ǰҫĶ磬ѪӥʵĳֲżȻڰҫ뿪ħһ̣ܸ棬кüζҪ̲סְҫɲס֡
ж־ķҪľǲϵĥѣһԼԼǼֵܶᣬҲΪԼһʱ̣ʹðҫһĻ䣬׼ҵж
ǲܲˣΪͨѶУ׾ٻؼңƺħַʲô£ԮǰȻҪΪԼܵܰѺ֮ǸˣԼߵҲˡ
࿴۰ҫȥķֱʧںʯںתȥҶĲǰеİҫĬĬĻͷһۣ漴΢΢һЦ
鵹Ҳˣðҫ˶֣ڤսȫ⣬ʣڤҲҫ˵ҪûʲôԵֻܵһӵƽˡ
ͨˣ˵ʵڵģҶ˵ǰɱɱνǲɱǳʲôƻǹ׶㰵ѷҫе岻Ըƽ£ҫҲֻܷĵĽȥˡ
ҶٵļͱȽȤζˣԭʶģʶüܣŴŻϧĸо
ĹٿɲôᣬһڼҴкĸо֪ڿʶ٣ʵĹֵҶģദȻ̫ѡ
˵ദֱ𣬹żٲ֪٣ŶϿϵٴǸпǧǶ˽ѰҫһߣŪðҫβѡ
֮˲ڤɽŵĽݣڤһҲоյĻ


ʮ ͨ켫ţɻ
³ǣջ
ҫһ°ͣһϵĲ豭Ҷġˣ˵߼ڰҫϣڵ𸴡
ڰҫһɫֳֳŮĵȴţҲڵȰҫĻش𣬱˻ҪС
Ǳôңֻ룬ûбҪֻ֣ǹͶѣǵҪ鷳ģ
ҫһеĿ⣬һֱޱȵĹٶεĿ⿴ҫðҫӵĻشˡ
ʲô鷳ģǵʵҪ㶨ҲûеôѣṦңԶй٣ǿ㣬ҲﰡҶƲƲ죬ڵ
ڰҫٶ˵ĺ£ҶڵĽѱ⿪״ָ̬ʮ㣬ΪȻûжĽʵίʵСҶĻָһ죬ҹҫдԣȻǲʤ
ʵ˶ûн߾ȫƣͺͷ߳ϵʵڹǿϣҫҪʤṦϣҫ׷ҶģߵṦʵҫ޴ֵĸо
ƽֵĽȻˮּ࣬Ҳ֤ҶĵǿʵսȰҫ١ѷɫ١
һֱڣҶ˶һֿܵ״̬Ǹôƽµ״ֻ̬ˣ԰ҫ˵Ҷĺһ岻ݴǵĸо
٣ôҶĵĻҲееˣʵϲûô򵥣ҫҲõ淴ѹ²ᣬѰٵĿ
ҾڻǾ͵һ㣬βСսۣеڰμˣ˵ʵڵв˵۾ڶǣٲ£ܻпɳ֮ʱͻ鷳ˣٿ˵˼൱ԣַƱ
ѾͷأҫŤͷûĺ˰ҫһۣص˵أ
ҫӣεĻصûʣ
ҫҿ£ˣʲôľǶȫ֧㣡̾Ϣһڵ
Ϊʲôô˵ҳϴˣҿûô˵֮仹ʲôСôҫƲƲ죬ڻص
ֵ֮仹ǲҪִСĺãеȼͻвƽȣͻвɣͻжʼɣûԺˣǿˣЩͳͳУ˵ģбѣҲνĿͬʿ࣬ͬ󣬴󲿷ֵԭνĵȼ
ǷִСڴַҸҶĶƳѿأЩʱֻ˱棬ȴڣǿڲ棬ⱲӶ޷ġ
ǵȥͿˣվǵýϵģϾҵרûⷽ츳жϣٻ˵һԵҶҲֹסĵͷȻǷǳ޳ɹٵ˵
ҫ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ˵ʵڵĹҶĶԼǾԵΣҫȷʵܸжҲͬҪѹϾԼĳؼʱ˴ľԣǾǲģʵѹɽ󰡣
ȥֻ죬ǸɻҪǲ֣ҲĪˣҫԼ˱裬һڣͷҲصĿڵ
Ͱҫ£켫ģ꼯屧ȭʩһ꿪ʵ֪ҫкΰţǰ֪ҵȺûȥ׼
켫ţһСеɣʵǻڶһ֮䣬פ³ǽֻһؼдСڵһʩͨûʲôص㣬ҲûʲôزֻһͨĲͨСǰˡ
켫ֻʥ۷Ϊʵƽƽ棬ûʲô֮ʵ켫¶ûʲô֮ɳУۣܲһץһѣɾͨͨĳУһǳͨ£һɻ
ֻһͨĲɻҲûʲô켫ɵʵҪնɱҲ̫ѣҪǣɻʵǿĿֲҲڵΪ
Ṧȷǿ켫Ű켫ڣûһܽ׽ãʵ⣬ֻ³
Ҳ֪ʲôԭɻ³ˣʮ춼ûȥĴ㣬³ŮӶ˸ߣŪóڵľĻ̻̣ŮһҹҪĵĹ
̼ԭסǾټǨƣ³ǣ켫ŵľֱ½Բɻľʵ޲ߣʵ
³ÿҹ֮ʱַ̣ίʵ˷ָȼɱҪŮӵòλݣʮʮ̬Ҳŭԭ
ڰҫ˵ĵʵҲΪڤһ֮󣬰ҫһ·ɽˮĳŲǰС
ʵ԰ҫ˵ٶȣȫ·ĻһµʱҲ͵ˣɵƷֻҫ˵Ҳرֻ˵汦ðҫȡˣȴû˵ʲôʱصģʵäͷӬƵģһ㷽ûС
Ǻҫֲòµй۲첳һһֻҪ汦̴ѶҫҲüӿٶȵִﲳû׼ȷϢô˾һ·һ·棬ȥ򲳺
˽º󣬽峿ҫ³ǣ³ǵƿ켫ţһְҫĵ˵ϲ񣬰ҫͷڿ˵շУﵽ˲֪˲ĳ̶ˡ
ǵǹƥڤڣɱڤϣԼϰӢӣҲڰҫͷϣʮִ£شʹĶӣս֮󣬡졯ҫ֣ȻΪк֮ٮٮߣδĻƽһѡΣֻҪҫμӣȻǰġ
ˣҫ˽³ǲһӵʱ䣬켫űɳ¾ӢǰӴðҫԮ֣ɻԭ켫ǰģκһͣ켫Ҳ˵ʩԮ֣һֱǮ
ҲˣŻ֮ǰһĻ켫Ӣӵĳɣҫ˰֣ڵ޷ôŶȥô£ͲҪˣаţ
£֮еʢ˵ζֱü˼ʹвãҲҵ涥ײֻӦǣת뿪
뿪ջ֮һ켫ŵĵӣԹҫδҲ̫һɣʢ˵ģúԼж˲Ƶģˣ
ҪʵҲŰж˲𣬶Ǻ˲һ֮ڤڣսܲʢôʵһУ̬ѾõˣǰЩӸȱȣͻжˣͷһӷǳ͹۵Ŀڻص
ʦ˵Ķԣĺ֮㣬ſĸѱ裬ҫ̬ȶѾǺˣ˵䲻ģ֮ǰҶѾñ׼ˡһӿڵ
ǰλʦô̻ҫԭȱԹľӢӣôҲ˵ˣֻܻĸŶȥ
ҫڴߣȥ΢΢һЦÿɷҡҡͷ漴˿ڵ֪Ϊʲô̫Ϊ켫Լ³ǣʵеͷˣ


ʮ ³ǣΧ
ҫһﻰ䣬ǰ˽üͷ壬Ȼûиҫദ̫ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ҫΪԸԵ޹˵һЩɵĻô³켫žйŹˡ
ҿ̫ﲻһˣǳһץһѣûʲôϡ氡ҶŤͷ˿ܣڵջǺȲʳĿҲûʲôϡģͨϰա
Ϊûʲôϡְҫһ裬˵
üҲһܣ˵ô֣
ˣգֱһ㣡Ҷķ˷ۣҫԼ֣ô̿ǵ˼
еǷΪ㲻һе̫ͨôҳ⣬ȻûһߡУҪ켫ŵϳˣΪʲôϰûϳջСƹûϳңҫ΢Цص
ǰǾ⣬Ǿɶ˼֪ڵͷԽԽˣҲô⣬ҪϳɣҶûĺ˰ҫһۣ߷˷̾Ϣһһֶţٵĸо
ҫ˼˵ԭסѰ˵κ˶Եúľ̷֮䲻к˶ֻԼҶĴ磬˰ɣ΢΢һЦ͵
ҶˣҲˣͬʱɨܣΧʳֻԼԶûн仰Сʱ˫ĿֱĿǰûнһ㣬ϲӭҲߺȣ¶ߡ
˿Ҳ˵ʲôӾͳԣ˰ҫ˵⣬ڳʮ˶û˵һ֣¥µĵֱ̽ߵ̷ôվԼ̯λǰ·ʯһ㣬ûκξٶ
磬ûһˣίʵ쵽˼Щ˾ͺʬһ㣬ضĹ켣ϰȥ£·˶˻Ƶģûһ˿ڡ
Ҷٿ֮˵һȷǹĲ񻰣ѹְҫʼնֵĲ̫˻ˮΪˮ͹ˣ˱Ȼ
ûµģȻѾӦ켫ŰǸɻôǾ;ˣ˵ǸνĲɻһЩأҫ¶һָĪЦݣȻ˵񾫹¶ƺʲô㣬ǰҶҲµĵ˵ͷһԲ
ҫǵһ쳣ԭǴЪһЪţ̣ʱãʱǻҪģڰҫ˵һֱƵĺзִ磬κ첻ԸҶĵļҲֻ˻ˮˣȻѾУǾͰ˻ˮɢɡ
ҹʱ֣ҫһڿջݶֻ˫ĿһƵģ˶Ѳ֪٣ڴչ֮ʱԶһƬͬʱҫ˫ĿȻһͫһǸ߸
֣߰ɣҫ΢ЦƷҶġ١ҫ󣬴ҫ֮ͬʱܶ
ҫ˵ǧ׿⣬켫һߴʮӢӣһҹ£ɫ׷ᣬȻ˱Ȼǲɻˡ
켫ҧס˲ţֳĸо˵Ǻ켫׷ˣ˵еĴܡ
Ϊ˫ʼո켫˱ʮҵľ룬Ҳ٣ɺ켫ȴ׷ξ룬ƺıôһ룬һϷˣԷĸо
ѷɣ־ܣ켫һŭȣǴƵҲס
ǺǣƾȺں֮Ҳ£׷ϣĻҵӰû׽ģЦһߵͳȻڸǹˡ
켫ŭһȭȻ֮£˶ĻɫȭӰֱĺˣ˫ۻЦһһ֮ʣһǲߣ׾ٵĽȭӰɢһžڶ͸ɢȥʵ޻ȴΪˡ
ѹ켫ûһĸ֣ԭһ֮Ҳûʲô˵ܱͣס˲ռ죬Ҳһ°Цģĺ켫ðɡ
ߣװŪ֪νϷ£
ʱ켫ߵߴˣֻٶȻӿ֣Ծ˵ͷһƺ䣬ǿѹ·ɽ㳯£Ҫ˺ݺѹ¡
Ϲ㻹мʵҪңɲ㹻
˺һһһǳţֱӺɢߺͬʱһ𵹳ϣ˫Ӱƿ籩һֱ߶ȥ˫ƺƺľˣ˶˸൱
ǿȾѪڣ۹ǲû飬ú˵Ķаϲͣ˫Ʋͣĺ˶ѽѷ֣ȻֻǱϵѽѷ֣ʵѾҧȥӲˣ벻취Χ˫ۿ»ᱻӲ𱬡
ˣ͸浽⣬Ϲҹһȥ
һ䣬μתȷһǿߵĹƾȳֱͺߵϣԴ˽ߺɳʮԶԼǽȥһӾͽ켫ԶԶ롣
ߺߣ׽ңûǸ£˻ͷһѾԼȫĺ켫ˣ䲻мЦһӰһľˡ
ûǸ£аɣ
ֹˣһζ޷̤ģΪӶĸѹеԼ̤һͻܵĴʵǲòͣ
˿࣬Զݶһ΢ЦĿԼȻЦǷ·ӥѽԼͺӥԼôƶӲӥߡ
תͷ࣬һͬԼֻ֣·ǣϢӰһһĴǱסĲ˸оΣգǳǳΣա
˵һòϢŮӣڻͣסŲʱ˲оԼˣͷ­˫硢˫ȶˣӲܲˣֻҪԼӣ;ԻС
˻ܣкײˣǰûһʡ͵ĵƣܹоʵԼ֮£Ǵʱ˿ꡣ
һʲôĸоһС򱶵̫ԼƮ곤ÿ㲻һɫװԵøſҫۣһ˫ͫɢ˵ľ⣬Լһз·ͱ͸һ㣬°
˰ΧǰҫҶ٣˵ľٶڰҫıͫ¸Σڰҫһȥƣ˸š
켫Ȼ뵽ּ֣Сˣ˫ۻЦȥݲȣгʵԺڷת˼ô
Ķǰ͵Ǻùºÿװ磬ɻҫ΢Цص
ɻŶǺ켫ǵİɣƭǵģֻǷѣɻȫϱߵģ
Ŷ¾ȤĶˣĿʾô
Ǹܣ
һҪ֪أ
ǾҪûǸˣ
ңǣҶģɣ
û⣬Ұɣ


ʮһ ˣ
ҫҶĵʵģ澭ͬҲϹžڹķԱ񹦶٣һ˫ӥצǿṦսԼ֮¡
ԭҫΪҶľ㲻ȡˣҲӦѹԷŶԣʵˣ˫һչ˼Ϊҵս
ҶأҶ㹥ϣṦһӶܹʮˣӼǧιǣҶû¶Է
˵ȷ֮˫ֶҪɣԽŴ֣һʱͭǽһ㣬صĹܲ͸磬ԭܽ˫ñ˫ҫǿ۽ˡ
ֻսֱȻ㽩ȥҫбļƻҪʵУһڱסļƻкܴ谭
ǺҫŤͷ٣Ҳ˰ҫһۣ˵ͷҫдݳĶ˼൱ˣǾùٸҶֱ֣ˡ
ǣټս֣Ҷ֪ǰҫ˼տʼе㲻ü뵽Լ˵ĿĺҲȻˣɽͱȽˡ
Ҷٵ£ȻɱֲܣӦݲȣࡣҫԾ֮ɫȻҶٶδȫӥŊZѪӡҲʲôѰʽȻӲѹ
ҫüͷԽԽ˫ĿĶ˽ս˵Ϊûдﵽ񾳣һӹɣ֮ΪҶĹ۷Ķ֣еɻˣѵ֮ϣ֮£ʲô׶βɡ
ҫ磬ȥأҪսپУߣҫ
ҫüͷĸˣ˵ͷڵѾͷϣ·ֹܣסҪڣ
һ䣬ҫӰ磬̼ѵͷҶۼڴͬʱ˿벽ҫһãȻ߳һǧǿķѹ·ɽѹһŵưԵԸӡ
ȣ޲ս޵У
ȷû뵽Ǹȷ֣Ҷͬˣ͸úñһȣһȣ˵˷ܣٲȻһɳյĸоҫͬʱüǲɻеԸô
˵ʱʱ죬ҫڣҲ·磬֮죬Ȼֻգ֮˳ɹ߳һǳţȿ磬ף˫һײ˿ɢķԲʮڵݶƬƿһ㣬ƺ
ȣУ
ǿȾִٷл㾢һƽȷһˣʲôֵҲңĺأҫаޡ
һޱȣҶ㱻ѹ£겻ʮȻ㺧ˣôģ˵ʱյĻƽһгǰ˵ƣа
ҫͬʱԷʵȻֻǳ棬Ƕ˶Ƕֻ֣һ㹻Ա˴˵ʵиŵ˽⣬еսȼգֻƴһԶԶġ
ȷмңұȶȲռˣҫ΢Цһȣսǰǡ
վ͸սʹ죬ûǸʵ˵󻰣˴Цһʱ˷ܣ߶ڸǣ峺ȥƺ겻
ͬʱˬһЦһٶȼﵽͬ˫Ⱥƿ籩һͺԷȾ˻Թ֮£ֱʣתۼϰսʮ֮ߣǿľƿϯ˵֮ǰһŵľֻƿݶƬôڼҪ¥ˡ
ȣƽУ
ȣ磡
һʱݱ˸վʹôҲǰ֣߼սǱߺ켫Ҳ׷ۼҫ˶ѽѷ֣֮ҲǷ
лλֻҪ켫űлҶıȭ˵ҶĵǳܸҫһȻҲʲôӹ֣˵ͦġ
лô죬ָоҫǵ´ˣȥģҶİ˰֣ҡͷЦҫǵʶǸҫĻô˵ģȻᷢ
ʲô򲻿ɰ˵ȻŻɽ󻼣λ˼켫һ󾪻ʧ룬˵
ְ֮Щֱüûһ취˭켫ʵûһĸ֣ĻΪһ֮Ȼ㰧һʵİ
ȭĸ֣֮ǰȻֱӱһŸ˹ȥյ켫Ǹֺϵɣֱǲ֪νҫЩ֮ƽһȣֱһϣҪ
ʱҫ˵սȻȻĵزҫûռԷʲôˣãֻʽ԰ȵĿֲһʱ䵹Ҳ·硣
ˣֿͣҳʱĹ켣꣬׽͸ѸͣÿһȷȾһصķѹƻһϣʵϵĹһģʵĺܣǷȵˡ
ҫչıƴ˳֮죬ۻң˫ȶԺ֮£׹쳹ͣԭͣĺ֮£ܵľӦſ죬ֻԶԶܣɴսӣʼûмһڣʵڹĺܡ
°ҫֻܽ쳣ǰ˵ǿѾ㹻ľˣ˵Լ˸ƽ֣˵ǶԷҪԼƽ֣·ʤƿУ˵ʵס
Ϳ㵽жǿҫ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˫ͫ˵ɣ˲㣬ھĺ˻𾢷·һＴȼƥ
һлȫڰҫϣһŷߣ·һĺȻ𾢿ӿһȰҫѾþȫҪƳ˵ʵ֮ʢ֮ǰδ
ȣʯ쾪
ãһȲ湻ˣͲˣۼҫ⾪춯صһȣЦ
ֻһҫ˸ӲӲǿķѹȣʮ쫷ѵҫ֪˵˼ɹǹƾһȵԾȻҪԼΪɻʥ۶ɵĳѥȻ׺ɢˡ
ȣŭ
ǿжڻཻ֮£γһֲֿޱȵĻ籩ǷΧﵽ׿ĺ˾룬ѽ˸ȥ
ȻҶٵʵԱǴ´ģǺ켫ûʵ۵ͬʱ֣γǽΪֵ
ҫηˣֱӳ籩ѪȻǱˣڱͫУڽɳ룬ˮļܣƱԼ˲֪ٱȻԼĿĴﵽˣɷϣһսԼˡ
ҰɣȻܲˣҶһ仰ӰҫӥӰȥ
Сĵ㣬һʵǿĿֲҪӲƴû취ͻҫ˵ͷصҶĵṦ֮ģȥ׷ٺò
ǺԭҶĸ罻ֵģҲҶȥ׷ֻǣõĽҶĿ˵֮ľûôƽˣ˵Ĵ˷ܾɣ


ʮ ӥս룡벽ƣ
ҫ磬û°ɣҫߣĵʵ֮ǰһжƴྡྷʵڹڿֲĵľ
ҫ΢΢һЦҡͷص˶ѣûʲô˵ģνĲɻҳԾĺܣʵɲⰡ
һֱʵʼնûҲûǿĶ˼顣ٿڵ֮ǰҲ˽֣óĽҫͬ
еһȥ׷ҲҪ£ۼ籩ȥ켫һҪȥ׷ȴҫסȥ·
ҫǺ⣿켫üʵ
ҵֵȥ׷ˣ׷Ǹܣλ켫ŵĺɣҫһ²Ҫ̺
ҫˣʲô⣬ֱԼɣ켫ڻص
㿴ܣùôҫ΢Цʵ
Ҳװҫ˼켫˫ָüʵ
ףҿǲףǲҲŶ԰ɣҫ΢Цͣڻص
켫һ䲻Ĭһ˫üҪã˫߬ȭͷӴһ˵ֲ˵ӡ
ؿܣ֮ǰҫ˵Ķƴǿֲ˵Ļ籩Բڵľݲֻʣܣסƽǲ˲٣ҲǷ
Щ籩ˣûһ˽ʹҲûһ˲ҺʲôֻǷǳľȥˮԴȥϴԼϵˣ·֪ʹûиоʬ⣬˵ĿⶼǴǰԼҪ顣
һĻĳ֣ʵǹ쵽˼Ψ켫ŵȴһ֪ģȫΪʱĺ켫Ŷ亹˫֣͵͵ʲô
ڵİҫ켫ŵ̬Ҷڶ׷ᣬ˶ǶṦ֣֮죬ʱ䣬ѷɱ⡣
СӣôҧŲŰɣûʲô˵ǷǲɻǺ켫ƭģҪţͱҶ㲻μٷɴ֮ʣŭȣ˵ʵڵģҶĵṦ˵ã׷ԼԼѲʵѲĺܡ
ҹʲôֻҪһڣͱҶȵζȻ٣·һ˲˵Ϸһӥצֻһ־ץסߵļǳֻǿľˡ
ȻǾ͹ֲˣ˺صȻǱҶĳ׵ļŭˣɱƺΰ㷭ӿһ٣ȺƳ˦ٿӰҪҶһӭͷʹ
ҶľҶģ𶥼Ṧֻ֣Ťת糤շӥٿոı䷽򣬶㿪ⱼһȣӥצĿס˵Ľס
ҶĵṦ˵ȹҲ˿ѷɫ٣ױҶĿסһ˲䣬Ť󷭣һ˲ĹԣҶĵϰգ˫ְһתݰתӰŭһҶġ
ȣƣ
ߣ֮ǰûоȫ㻹ΪԼԶȥҶһ쳣˫ӥצݺύգۼ乥ϰټǹƣצƥÿһӥצһ˺ѿĸоǿĺˡ
ɷצȺӥʳ
ʱ˿̵Ķ˼ȷֿͣҶצֺݣһжļͣҴһһʰļƣӰצӰӰ֯һƬתŲʹٶȿۻң侪ˡ
˿һһŲҶֱۣμΪɵһź󷭣ҪˣҶǸ߸һȻתӣգ۲ѽ˵
һ˲٣˶еûӦǰֱԼʺӥצǿĺȴûа취ӦĹ
ʯһ˲䣬ۿ˾ҪҶĵӥצסʺڶ˵Ҳ࣬һַֻǳͻأĳǰҶһ㣬һϲ
һͬҹµĸֳֻ֣ǰһۣѹסҶӥצ󣬽ѹ£ͬʱһǵϮֱȭǺɨҶţʹһõļǿҶģҲò˿
ˣһͺˣ˱ȣβͣһ仰󣬷뿪̶̼ĹʧҶĵ֮ڡ
Ҷû׷ǲ룬ǲܣǰճֵ˸һּǿҵѹȸУоԼһֻ׶룬ֻҪԼҶԷһ˫ͻԼ˺ķ顣
ģô֣Ӧӣˣȸ㶷һ˵Ҷзݣ澭ĬĬתһϢ֮ѵڰ κƷӥʳԷ
˹һڣΰף֧壬ȱıֱ΢΢գۣ⣬ɵ״ڿ۾ʮȣһֻԼ룬Ƽ׶
ӥⳡսһؿڣҫǰ켫˵ŭĿӣ˫ֻýݣֻһͻ֡
켫ؽҧĶŰҫţҫ֪ôȥشֻ˵ҫ˵ǲ߰ҫҲܸ߰ҫǰ³ǵĹ죬Ѿ൱ˣҫֱƵýʵΪѵĸо
֪ʲô㣬³ǵ£ҹܣҲȭνĲɻѾˣôҾͱҪһ¡ҫ̾Ϣһڵͣһ£뼫࣬ʵǵڸʲôϷ
ҫЩҲ˵һ֮ҪΪ룬Ϊ³룬˷͵Һ켫켫Ƿһ飬㲻Ҫپȥ¾ʹգ뿪ɣ켫ޱȣҲö˵ʲô飬ڶ԰ҫ
ܺãҲѻˣһǹܲˣʹת³ǣ켫ŵߵҲҪˮʯڤڶȥһͲˣ켫ܱǻѶԸ־ңʲôҫȻһȣƱޱȣǺ켫ܱģһ˲䷴ѹˡ
ҫͷ켫ţһԱһʵޱֶ񶼴ٶɣܾ֮Լžսɱǧʥ¼ģô켫ŵʵܵ˰ҫô
𰸸Ҫϸ룬ȫܣԺ켫ʥ۷ΪҫһжӲ£˲ɱǱȻģ켫켫ǿҫ˵ô켫Ҫͬ۵졣
ں켫岻֮ʱͻȻһ죬ҫͫɨһۣɭ䣬ȴǾȵԸӡ
УҶľ澭Ǻɫ⣬ַǳϤͬʱֵڣǾΥ˵һһԡ
ʱ֣ҫŰݷãϣܸһĽͣҫһ䣬ηˣҲϣ˷ɱ⣬켫ԭء
ҫ˿ƣǸӦԣһ켫ŵĳ֮ɫʵ
ߣ֪࣬Ǿĺˣձҫûأ


ʮ ȭħˣ
³ǳǽ֮ϣҫ˿ŲԶһƬɳʯ纣ľһֻչӥ봿ɫչ伤ҵս
˶ûгֵĴ㣬ҫüͷǰ춯صĴսڱͫӽ£ɵӥ
ҶڶսһʩչȭĶ֣Ȼֻ¼˸ʵòõʽڹԸһֵܣһģһǸ˽
ǰҫóȻ֣ǻ˵ôҫҪˣǻȻܿǰ֮ǰȷֵͬ飬һأ
ز񶼣ڹžսΣһ̣Լͬʿ๲ѹģ˵ʵڵģҪҶĹǲ٣ͬҲֵܡ
Լֵ֣ʹԷܳܵסԼҲȥҫһθеԥһθе岻һγҾᣬһ²ġ
ǰҫڹ۲ϵƣôĵһΣҲôĵһΣڽӦ£ҫΪƽһ޵еĶһ;ϣһͿء
ؿǰƺ˰ҫԥϾֻüͷ˵״̬ĺټǱ㿪ѯʵҫ磬ʲô벻ͨ𣿡
Ѿͷ£֪ⷽжͬʱޱڹķôҫʼüͷûչʵ
֪ޣڹķǳϡУ˱⣬߱ҲһĿ飬ưֻһɣ˼һ󣬿ڻص
ȭأж٣ҫٴʵ
ȭһֱȽͨ⹦ʽˣ˺ȥˣ֮أ΢΢ҡͷڻص
ͬʱ˱ȭأֻж٣Ӧûжٰɣҫڵ˵ԼʼԼˡ
û٣һֶֻĹǲ֪һλǰĵӣеõţԭһֱĬĹ٣ȻǳĽ磬Ҵе˼ƺ֪Ĳ١
֪ҫʵ
ţ֪һЩ֮УͬʱޱڹķжҲ֪ȭȴǷëǰĴڣͨȭͬǣ񾳽Ϊߵȥ׵ģٻðҫһһ㶵ģܽ׵⹦ʽֱδżδһãȻ֮ɫ
ٿǶһۣѵõЦһڽ͵бȭܹĴν׷ֶΣ롢롢밵롣
Ĵ׶εÿ׶ζ߱ļӳɣǱǱĹй٣ڰ룬Ͳö֪ˣΪûмأֻ˵һ䣬ӵл֮ܡ
ұȭҲûôף߱⣬ҪһרڹķƶҲֻˣⲿڹķҲǴϹľڹķаȭ죡
㲻˵ҫһһ˺һֱڵҶظֵķ
ôˣ𼱻ǵģüһԵȻһЦڻصûʲôˣԵǧᣬԵ治갡
ˣ˻ٵ˵ͷصʵһ仰û˵ڣֻ߶ţܶ
ҫ˼£ɲ飬ֵܾôಫǶ˽ֵļҳ̶϶һԲ䷢ҶĵĶ˭˭
ǰҶһӥצɨ·ӥ⟳նƸǿզֱ࣬ʺȻ޷ܣһᣬһ˦ӿһŭնҶʺ
ӥŊZնף
ȭף
˶ȻˣݵĵزһȥҪǲ⣬˶ᱻ˴˵Ĺնͷ­Ȼǲᷢģֻǿƣڶ˹ڶԷʺֻа빫ֵʱ򣬽ǵסˡ
ᰡͣ£ҫһʧ˵ǾͲôһ˲ǰֵܾҪԩˣҫ궼ŷɳǧһ֮ʸˡ
ҫʶҶͬʱ˵Ļһģһģ˴˶һۣȡ£˫־ԵۣɻôעĿ
ǸȻسڣҸط̸ҫһڣֺǺǵ˵˷ϲ¾ˬֵܻع飬ɹֹ˶ƴ³˫ҫʵϲ
Уǲܽǣħˣüڵ
ħˣҫҶͬʱȵ֮Ĺסˣ˲Ļʲôħˣһǣ
ţȥǰɣǡУҫãֵܣ˵ͷ΢Ц
ҫ΢΢һЦļЦҲǣֵܣ
ԭʶİιֵܣ֮ǰˣҶĲ˼ɦɦףЦ
˴˱˴ˣ΢ЦͷҶҲͬ΢Цʾ⣬漴аЦûʤ´ٴ
û⣡Ц˶һۣˬʴЦеӢʶӢۣʵһȶ֮Ȼһϧ⻹Ǵ塣
磬þòǰк΢ЦͷڵԽԽƯӣ
ߵĹʱ۾һͷʾ⣬ҲǺòĵͷʾ⣬˼ᣬ˵ÿһǵ񽭺еٮٮߣڻƽһҲ֮ҫһʵ˵ǿǰǿ
һ󣬰ҫ˫ĿʮǣͳĶһϣ˼ΪյĿŰҫı仯İҫʵͷߣΪѣܶ
Ϊʲôҫֻ־Υ˵״̬Ϊҫһһéݣһ濴ʵʮƽףڲȴƽףⳬʽװ޵éݣҫֻǱֵıȽֱӶѣֻûֶѣʵҲ𺳵ĲС
Ψһ񶼴ĶˣЯױסⲿֻǱαװӰϵͳˣڲռѾ׸̶ƽ׵ķΧͲ÷¶ˣܷģһò裬΢Ц
˵£֮ǰ˵ħˣʲô˼ҫ֮һ
Ϊǰ켫õһ޷ԦĶһħѣ֮˵
ħѣʲôҫüͷһ壬ʵȻ֪ħʲô˼ҲףԲʲôö
شҵɣһݺöɤסڣ֮ǰҫ˴Ĳɿȷ֣¥Ʈǰ˶ˣû֪ǸŮ
֮ǰлλˣСã£ˣ˵գҹԴĶñ¶®ɽĿ
ڶԷĿ˵һ˲䣬ҶֻоԼķʲôصĴһ£һ඼©һģһоԼйˡ


ʮ £ħѣ
ҶüӣС죬ʤѩƣɫ㷢˳Ʈݣǰڵ֮һӣ°΢⣬͸һĿĸо
Ǳʯ֮ͫ໹¶һǻ۵ɣǰ£һòľŮ
üǷӢһеһжҶĵĿ⣬һʱҶĶˣѾֱĿŽ£Ͳûˮˡ
λҶСܰɣ֮ǰͦأߺߣҶǴ㶵ı飬½һЦߵҶߣӣһͻȻӽҶĵĶߣ˵
˵ľ벻֣һǶ˼ֱһ㣬ǺҶһ˲쵽
µһҶʶĺԵֱ˸ͷʵǱѣҶĵǱģ¿С粻ͣٲȻһıóѵģ
ڰҫһֻĿҶģ֮ǰĴģо仰˿̶ˣҫһۣ˰ƺʲôʶͬʱ΢΢һЦ
£ǵãü⣬ʶĿڵ
ʶ֣һĿŹ٣ʵ
еֳǵпףƽײβСɫôǻԵ˵еĵأֻδأ΢΢ҡͷڻص˵ʵڵģ⻹ǰҫһô佱˱Լ˸ۡ
ûʲôײΪǣֻܽ˵Ķάƿ°˰֣΢Ц
һһ𣬹ٵĽڰҫ֮ϣνĵ֮ҫҶãȻı֪ˣһĨڣһ֪
ҡҡͷӣţ񣬵񽭺һ͵֣ʹûʧ֣ҪĻκﶼӳģţ͵˳ɵĲܼˣպգ
ҫ˵ͷʵ˵ĲôԵҫԸύһԷȻ͵֮ˣֻҪĻ壬ҫŲܶԷʲôġ
ЩҲգ˵°ɣ¿ڵ˵˵ͷһµĵȴŽµ
֪Ϲʮеô¿ʵ
ҫȻһô᲻֪Ƕ˲ֱ𶾻ʽ˲Сӣɼأڰҫԣ١ҶҲֻ鼮Ͽˡ
¿˵ı飬΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˵ҾͲˣʵҲܼ򵥲ӣκһ֦Ҷܴ֮ҪħѣҲӡ
κһħֻҪͿһԽ϶̵ʱһҲ൱ڷһ㣬켫ʶħѽ䵱ԼҺԺȻǣ³ˡ
ŽµĻ£ͬʱɴ˫ۣһ׵ɫµĻ൱ֱӣҲˣǾܷ
ԣǧǾ൱ֲˣⲻʲôһͳĸݵģҪһͳصĽ࣬𶾻ʣôҰģ
ҫ治̫һ㣬˵аļƻǰҫǺԸŵģڰҫ뵽һʱ漴ҡͷЦֹţðɣҾķǳĴ󰡣
ʲôԺܴ󣿡ҫֹʵ
ҫ񣬿ڻصģ֮ǰΪĳЩ飬ҸѾͷֱģ𶾻ʡĹ裬и룬˵𶾻ʻ᲻аˣ
ò밡аľŴʥ֮һԴڻص
ǰôһеĻаҫüڵ
ҲδأĴûһģ˭֪ĹϹǲķˣͻҪѼȥƿأ
֮ҶҲһԼĿֻʱʱƲµԿԺֻҪڣŲˣֻҲ֪ΪʲôƽһҶģԽʱһΨΨŵŵĸо
ҫûİҶһۣڵҶģ۸һ£ĹܹӮа񡤳޼
˵аһ˵ʥԼĿƣܣҿ߳ϵĿаڰָʹġ
һ䣬ҶƻˣֻһߣͣţҵҲпܷȻҫĻ֮ԼеֻҪӶѡ
ʵڿЩҲûʲô壬ΪΪֹҲֻǷһöħѶѣҲ֪񵽵ɢ˶٣ﴧ⵽˭ڸԼʲôĿģȥ켫ۼأ˸ⳡԽԽûҪۡ
ҫƲƲ죬εĵ˵ͷҲǣ֪ѶϢʵ̫٣ʹҲԼĲ룬ûʵá
ôǻʲôҪ֪ô¿ʵ
ΪʲôסڳҶһʵҫ΢΢һ㶣ԼʵôСӸˣͬʱƳҶһֽۣƻЦһ
۾һգգĿҶ΢ЦΪ֮ǰȥ켫̽ʱ򣬷ħѲֻǷѿѣѾˣ֦Ҷɢһɫζ鶾
鶾˻ᵼɢʧʬһ㣬³ǵЩѾ˾µ鶾³Ӧûһ־ѵ˰ɡ
Ž¶Լ΢ЦҶɫ΢ЦЦ¼ҶľȻһ£дȤͷȻ˻죬ǵһμ
켫ŵΪʲôû£ٵһѪֱʵ˹ؼ㡣
ô˵أ켫Ȼʵͨô˵Ҳһ֮һ£ȡǿɵˣӶǶ鶾žԵߣͬʱһΪĸ֣¿ڵ
üͷֻ壬ʲô˼Ҳô¿˵ɻ󣬼͵ҲǲܣֻΪ̫߶ѣһȱݣķҲ֪Ǳǿˣ󶼻ᱻħ־ʧױ˲ٿأ
ˣٵ˵ͷʾףĬĬļ㡣
ǵĹӦֿܹɣҫʵ
ʱ鶾£Ƚϵ񾳵Ϊ㹻ֿˣڽ
һ⣡磬˻ˮģ΢ЦʵһԵİҫҲֹסĵͷ
Ϊ켫һҪĶСΪ˻ҵƳһֺۣǺǵ˵ҲεЦЦռ֮ҲԼԵ
أζôĵģһʵ֮ǰҫ˵жԿһֲŪˮʯݵļơ
ҫ΢΢һЦֿһҶ٣ʾҫش𣬰ҫ΢ЦͷڵΪ˸İգָ˵


ʮ Ѫɫʬɽ
PSе֣ΪɶҲûһƱҲã伸Ҳãɶûɶ˼ˣλʲôãʾһѽȻһΪ˵ģ
ҹ˽ۻصԼϢ֮һںڰĴ֮Уͷ˼ʲôһӰ֡
ֵܣô˻˯ʲôôǸ߸𣬿ʵǵӰʽ١
ıаȭ죬ڼˣٿʵ
Ѿﵽˣò˶þܳԽ죬ﵽؼ졯Ĺ˫ͷбɳϣ΢Цص
Լܻ죡˫Ŀת˵ֱӵĺܡ
֪һһɣϣ֮Űҫһ£оһһҵһ˴˼Ķֵ࣬ܣѵӭҼСŶӣ΢ЦоںеĴ⡣
ᣬʵҲδؾǱֻ֣֮Ҫ㡣
ֻҪԷһΪôֵܣǴģеףǹҾһˣһĽˣÿЦôأ˹ٵĻЦݿзɬȴ쳣ļᶨ
ǡٳɵ
İɣʮʮţǶһһʲôתҲ˵ģѵЦ
ҿǿóҫΪֵܣֵܾҵֵܣʲôҪ㿪ڱǣ̾ϢһȻǽļ롣
Ǻǣû뵽ֵôĮˣҲ˵ĻҾͲˣֵʲôõҵģͬһ仰ɣÿɷһЦڻصĹ̾Ϣһҡҡͷתȥ
һʶ٣Ļ˵һ͵ůУֵ壬ԸרһƽĬÿζؼһֵ̳֣ܽܣΪҡ
ͬһҹ켫ڣ켫վڸۡĺ԰УճյһɢѪӫĴøԼһɣߵĴһɭصĸоѪɫӫ⣬ľ˷·궼Ҫȥ˿һ֮󣬱޷תӾ
켫ŵĻԵֻҪдڣ켫űȻʢˣ켫ɫſ˫ۣоֹȻû˵״̬ëȻĸо
УŲ⣬Ҫƶõĵط̫ˣֱ˷ѣѸߣ۵Ӱ֪ʱϢĳں켫ĶߵѪޱȵ񣬿ĺ켫âڱëֱ
źˣ켫ȣǰ͸죬Ҳغ켫Ļôվﲻ
켫ܹоõԼСǰԼһκһ˶׾ٵԼأԼ޷ԷȣԷԼҲҶ
ô죿һӴĺˣʵ
Ϊһˣص²й¶ȫɱˣһ
һ䣬ʻĸߴ˵˵ͷ˷ȥ켫ʶľҪȥ׷̧Ųһޱȵɱ켫ֻҪԼֻ̤£Ҫ촦
ΪԼñ棬࣬ǹ˵ɱ⣬ѽԼ֣˿ڵõһûʸӵеĶֻ㵹ù
ȵȣǡ켫ҪڣԴ߹
켫߷ǳת˸ȦͬʱɨԼϵпȪӿ׶ѪˮԭԼͷ­նѹԼӽǡ
˴Ŀɨһ۽űߺ켫ͷ­΢΢һڵ֮ǰջħѣҪ죡
ǣȵһӣ켫ڴҵĺޱȣ˲
ں켫ϵʧˣˣ½üͷڵ
֮ǰ̽켫켫ʱвģϢʧҲǴ켫ʧһ̣̼ææĽˡ
ȥ켫ſ˵ҫüڵ˵ͷ漴ס߳
˸ָ죬ס͵һȻֱݻһԲ飬УһĻҲĺܣֻ˶ż켫ŵı仯ҲĶʣʰ󣬼ɷֱ³Ƕȥ
³Ǿ˵סҲԶ·˵ٶȣһӵʱͿԵɾڰҫ˾³ǲ׾ʱǿҵѪζӳƮ
ҫüͷһ壬ŻѪζɲһ˾ֵܳģƮľ룬ұֲɢôȻ³ǿ϶⵽ʲôǷɱ¾ˡ
ȥǸϣ
ǿҵѪζֻǰҫһŵѣҲͬŵˣҶṦߣǰһ仰Ȼ٣ת˲ֱϳͷ˳ǡ
Ǻһ˲䣬ǰһĻҶΪ֮һ㶣ѹѪζܴôԶԭǽڲһʬɽߴңռʮ׵ʬɽ
ҶĹһ³ǵİӦöˡһ𵶵ʬɽۣ֮ɢһ˵Ϣ
ǻ졤ҫ쳣ĵͳ˻ƣƨµʬɽһּΪ㤵ĸо
ߣװŪүֳԭΣҶһڤʲôûʹǰһĻ㹻ˣҲֻ΢ѣʲô־
䣬Ҷ˲żһǽʯڣ˺ӥԿգһȥƮ޶ȴֿ缲磬գ֮䣬ڿк֮Զ˵ͷ
ӥŊZӰӥ٣
Ҷһ˫ӥצ趯ǿķ֮·ǰĿҪӲ˺צֽʯȥѸƥת˲е·ѱҶķһйļͣ׺쳣ίʵ
ɷצ̣
ߣе΢ĩУƾʵףֱǳ˵ΣЦһһȭһȭҶĿɿڴ
ҶǺ˽֣ʵвûйȥãҲһӵʱˣҫһϵҲһӵ顣
ɾڰҫ˳ҶĵķԽǽ֮Ҷĵκڵһ㵹ɶأݺݵײ׿ĳǽʯϣ֮˶ǶʯڣֻѪģ֮ǰһĿ൱ɴࡣ
ģҶһ𣬴Ӱݴҫϣ֮ǰҶ˵ͻأҫҲûнסֻΧݶ֮ϡ
û°ɣҫĵʵ
£һﻹеУ˲үҶĲȥǵѪգͷ˺һۣЦ
Сһ̫Ҫȡ˵練ƣȵ
ߣûô׵ģ֮ǰǱ˸ֲǣү˵ԭΰɣҶĳЦһĴָ̧һǿĺۻΪм
ȻҶĸһ־·磬ڰлٵ˺˵Ҳһơ
ʱԭα¶ֻǶԷݵٴһѣڰҫǰһȫɵɫиǵ壬ȫûһ˿϶ĴڣֱһˣμӴ߼ﵽһңȫ˵͡
ˣСһأ֮Уǻ졤ҫ̾һ֮׷ʵ
ǣҫͦǰһ
ʥ֮ȡ׼ˣ


ʮ 硤˫ȣ밵ҹɷ
ʥĸʥҫǸ߸𣬿ʵ
֪˳һȣһע°˵Ǯ֮أʬɽ޷ͻױʬѪ·һ㼲ƾޱȡ
ǰʬϮҫһȻ̤ǰһ֮󣬷Ļ纣˰ɢ˵Ļ˽зԼʬճ˷ɻңԼػ
һ˲䣬ҫид࣬һ˷֮ȻҪľĸоԼʵ㹻ػԼӵһУҲֻвϵԼøǿػԼӵеһУ۶Է˭жߣɻʵһС
ʱϯǰͻȻһըѣ˷ǳֱӵײɢ˻ˣǿķѹϢαֱֱҫȥ
ҫҲţ˫ǰһƣպײϽ˵ͷ­ǿİҫ飬ɾ˽Ӵһ˲䣬˫תԲ˫ۻԲһɺ˵жǳͼ˵ĳһɶӴգж֮ίʵ似
Ųƣ
ǿж˸ð֣˲ķ죬԰ҫʵ˿Ǿȵĺܣֻ˵棬ĵһ˲䣬һצֱĺץȥֿ͡
Ƥˣ˵֮ǰһȭĸоôô֣ȭǱԭȡɿɲ汾£ٴҲǹļУ
ҶɭȻһЦֿ磬쳣ֻҪһצץʵ˽˵ĺ󾱼¶Էмбǿ֮£ɿͨ˵ԷļξҪ˵Ĺˡ
ƾ΢ĩ֮ж֮ףֱЦһӴȻֱһŤٿղǳɵĶҶһϮɱ漴һȭɨƸֱ˦ͳҶ䣬ɡ
һ˲ķطڳͷһԭӴ£ݵ֣ίʵ˳Ծѡ
Ҷ׻Ȼ׻壬˵Ĳأʹ֮죬ɼһȭ֮ͣʵǺ˵˼Ҷ׹֮ʣһٻӰߣΪ֮һ
Ƥˣ㣡֮ǽ£棬ٶȿզࡣ
ֻ缲磬鶯ƮݣȻڿ任գۼ߳ţֱڽ˵ʺĿ㣬ֺֿݣ񲻿ɵ
ȣ˷ˣ
ߣŮ֮Ҳ˵֮壬һȣһȻһӫ⡣
һǿϯҪ𿪣ȻѾˣĻѽʵȫԴҶǰȭػ
ƤˣСŮ֮ҪԴͷģ
Ǹ߸ӭ粢û˿Ļţ˫Ŀһһ֮˾Ȼ产˵׾ǸոصҶĿɵˣϵİҫ١˶ɵˣһĹȻǷ˫Եġ
µ˲䱬ˣ׾Ȼֱӵ˽˵ѹ漴ٿձУ֮ǰȻΪһȣηתһǲߣանڽ˵ĺ󾱣Ⱦдâ˲ն֮ƺòˣһȵľԿֲ
׵ȣնף
С㣬ᱻӣƤˣ㲻ŮŮ֮͸һ̵Ļ䣡˵Ǳı飬ӢԵĴ磬ίʵӢ䲻
ʯһ˲䣬µıĻҪ죬һŤż㱻ն˵Ľ˼ٴδ˫ϥѹǰ˵ݺݵĺڽ˵ĺһըðҫ˶Ĥֱ죬ֲ׾ڽ˵ĺը
׵ȣ
һо֮ͣҫЩ˶Ŀɿڴ¾ôŽ˺Ȼ׹أʮɶߵĳɢȥ֮󣬵һһףʮ׵ľ޿ӡ
»صҫǰֳλʿ峤ͣƽһĮĹٶģǶµʵŵòᣬıº⡣
ֳΨһ΢ЦͣĿƣͬŮԣĶԣҲĺã²ѵˣҲֺݺݵĽѵԷһ££ü
٣öôǿˣǵأҫһĭƽе𾪣ѯʵ
ţǵпףͬʱһֱǽһȷ֣ԼһṦ֣ӦװɣҲָ侲ص
ѹ֣˫ԹϷȷ׵ȷɾٱޱȵı뷴ӦĽأҫ΢΢ͷаޣһνֵʱͷֽز¶ڸոǲǽµȫʵǾͲö֪ˡ
ҫСܣǿȥ켫פأħѱǰֺ֮ܽﲻҸҶСܵž㹻ˣЦݣһɫڵ
һɾͰиˣСģҪӲƴҶģҪ¹úŶҫͻȻѣתܶҲͬʱϣҶ¶ǽˡ
ûʱѾ߳޿ӣڽµʮ⣬ͦصģ´˺ƺûеء
ܺãΪ֮ǰ֮ԵǸһǿߣҲƽǿŮӣֵȥԴ˲˵֮г˶ԽµϿɡ
ҶСܣһԿı죬ҲǶֵļٶȣȥѹһᷭ´˵
ף¹ȫϣҶһص
£ֻһôŶ³Ҷգգۣ΢΢һЦҶһĿѣԣʾö
ôϰɣ¿Ҷĵ̬Цһ漴ֽתˣһɫ˵ҶҲͬͷʾ⡣
ҶľôԽԼĪϢҵʱ䣬һӣ˰εض𣬿Էսһ
ҫߣ˽̤ݶٱۣٶȿľˣʱ³ѾӰˣȻӰҫ뿪ڵʱ֣Ѿǣп켫¶ɱ˸ɾ
ҫкǽ˿ֻ¼Ļ֮һΪħѶôͱȻͬ飬ǵĿĻֹջħѶѣҪԼԼĳҲ٣̸ݵаĿ
ˣûǴĻ֮ǰǸӦǰҹɷ֮һĽɷɷΪ۷֮ʵǿޱȣҸ˴ӲжҲ˵ǻҪʣˣٺȻ˵һ·ϳüչȻڶԱԺеļ䣬˵ݡ
˭£ҫʵ
ҹʥ״ӣҹʥǻȪĸΪѵ뻯۷壬ʵǿĿֲȪǽеһسս𽭺ϵʮ󳬼ǲضáٿڻص
ҫ˵ͷ漴ǰһЦаˣ⼸Ӧþʣİҹɷɣ
ڰҫǰİ֮⣬ٿ


ʮ ս˫ɷ
Ҳ֪֮ǰɷˣ֪ͨˣǰҫ˵٣ʶƣҫѾŲˣɻǱˣǰĺʱ򣬶ӦԣȻб
˫ڼٽӽҫһȼ˫ƻ𾢱üȣҪ֮ʣȴס
ҫ磬ҪʵȥԸˣܹˣӦػħѣǲĶ֣ǰ˽Ǻˣ΢Ц
ûħѾͰǰڽõģߣֲ˱ĵطôǾˣõʱٽӹ磬дʵ˵
ðɣԼСģһ̾ͳסǸλûϣҫ˵ͷһۣĵ
Ҳͬ΢ЦͷҫĻǺܶ࣬Ǿһ̾ͳʾ˰ҫж˵ĹػֹػƺһУԼΪû˵ҡĻ
һﻰ䣬˶һۣζȻ٣ӭһˣչҶսǣΪһ˲סˣһ㿴˵ʵ˵ҲԶಮ٣һҫҲĲ٣һܣգۼʧ١
˺ݺݵҧҧֻ˵ʵίʵСҪʱڽ£ܸǣȻǰ϶顣
սɷһ𾢼׺ƷԵƥأo񹦼٣Ա֮֮仰ӵ쾡£ɷֲ
սľɷԷǿѷֶѣҪľɷָǿָָâ͸Ƽ˵ˣȴҲ޷£Աȭ׺ݹԼǿķһ񹥣ֱӽľɷƵġ
սˮɷԷҲһŮӣһ֣ʹĻ˫ɶ䣬Ƹݵ꣬Ϊ֣ڱһĸ˵جΰĴڣ֮İˮ֧穣ƣڱ
ҹɷԱȥɷɷʣա¡ɷɷɷǿˣҲǰҫǰˡ
·ҫûͣ°ֽŲ֪켫ű˸ɾҼʬ֮ϣҲͣ½ŲǰȻˣȴҲŲסҫֻǰҫж԰ҹɷϾɱǵΪе˵ķŭ
ҫ켫ŵĺ԰ǰʱеŭѾ˼㣬ŽеӤûзŹΪѪ޿ɺǵģӤŹʵҫŭա
ΧһѪɫԵͬһ۴磬ࡢɫ͸Ѫɫı棬мɷ֮ףɷֱ˫ɷڽħѰѪȻе˰ٷ֮ʮϣӽɹˡ
ǻ졤ҫѪɫǰ˿ڵһּǿҵ֮С
ǣȱǰҹɷɣҫ˵ͷʵ
ǣʥ֮ȡ׼ˣɷ˵֮ʣߵ˫ɷֱҫȥľˡ
Ŷȡ׼֮ǰи⣬ΪʲôӤŹǻδɣʲô֪ģûҪְɣҫһڣʵ
꽫شʣĿеնݲ紵κһǱܣɱȻͲɷ˵˵Ȼûκεı仯ǰҹɷ϶ûٸɡ
ˣҫ˵ͷѾһְסҫļ򣬰ҫͷ­΢΢£̾Ϣ֪ôʵҲɱ˲ˣΪȫûйϵĳԹ˲Ŷȹµ̫ˣ죬ҲԸͬ˭Ҿ˭ǣˣ
һ䣬ҫȻ̧ͷĿĺƻȪŵһ㶣ڶ˷֮ʣҫ˫ͬʱ˵Ļ͵ӡصں˵֮ϡ
𾢲˱ҫķʮ׿⣬һأæ˹Ϩ𾢣ٴοҫʱȻѪɫϷ磬Ƶ߸߾𣬻𾢳ڡ
Ƶ£ɽ֮ƣͷ£ֱѪɫȥһԵƥâѵ͵˼£ϰҫķ֮ɫ쳣͡
룡
õƾ˼գң
˳һȣ԰ҫԵƥһѪɫµĺ˸ûһ˿ŵֻ˳Ϻ䣬ƾɽҫƵ֮غ°ҫƵ˸˻ȥ
ƣ̩ɽһƶǬ
߱ѱƺ俪صһƣΪ»ҪʤһҫкȻֹסĲʹһ˲ѹʹɷɲΪڹΪҪ߳ҫһ
ʱñµɷ촽΢΢ԵеŹ֣˫ɷȻɱҫǰɷü˫ͫε֮ɫޱ飬쳣ɷ췢˫ͫ죬ҪɷһģһȻǶ˫̥
ɷƵ溮ޱȣƥֱҫĺ󾢿ȥɷӡ𾢼ͣҼйƼͣӹ˵ҫǲضãҳǿޱȡ
ҫ˫ĿüѪͬʱһ˫ͫűۣͫʥ±˵ĹʣֵĹƣҫаֵĴ⣬ȻȫԸ
ǰ˫ɷͬʱһ㶣ҫϢգۼüǿе㳬Լֻһ񣬾Ȼ֡
ҫҲ飬׼յ˫ֳɵƷΣâұͣһ𣬴һʰĸо׾ٵĺɢ˫ɷĹƣƺ͡

ҫصâ֮ڣǿн˵ļйߣһ߽мλãƵһᣬ˷·һ㼱תǺâ͸һ࣬ҵĵâ˫ɷݺݵնˣνռϷ硣
˫ͣ
ߣ̰ʤ֪䣬ƣɷһһһƿȥʵ޻ǿľֲ쳣һֱӺɢҫĵơ
˫ɷۼлɳˣһֱҫȥɷƵ಻ƿ籩һ㣬նҫޱȣѸ޳ɷȭ£ѵ𾢲ȭ棬֮£ǳȺҫ
񹦣ʴƪµӳԣ
ƪڷҰ
һһ͹ƣֱҫҫ˫۷ĵĻӶһɼ产˵𣬽˵Ĺƽڣö˵ʽԹжίʵԡ
Ųƣ
˫ɷͬʱһ԰ҫԼȻȫûֿ֣ǣԼ˴˻ʧΣʧʽѪķڲݣһֱ·
ǧһ֮ʣѰҫķӦŹܸϣ˫ٴκĸ۳һһͺǰ˫ɷϡ
һҺ𾢷֮ϣ漴ڵһ㱻׺ɣ˰ҫСƾǱѵĻյĽп಻æϥ˹ȳڵ𾢡
ҫǰͷڵɷ˵ˣ


ʮ 鲻㣡һ
еǿҺܺ棬˫ɷĹΪô֮°˵ģɷڵ
˵˫ɷʵ֮ҫಮ٣ûиֲʤƫƫҫ֮ڣͬʱ¶ˣʤȵȫѹ
ǺǿǷӦҰģս鲻ң԰ˣҫĻص쳣ı䣬ɷżŨҵɱ⡣
ô򵥣ɷЦ
ûжิӣӦҳоͱǿ죬սû㣬ôڹƵı仯ϱ᲻ңûЧĹ仯ô򵥣ҫڿص
ţǰܵĲԩôðɣȡ֮׼ɣɷɭȻһЦ漴ζȻһãգ۲ҫһƺֱҫͷ­ѹϢƾ֮ǿ
ҫüͷ΢壬ÿ֪ɷѾչƣǰӰǲ񣬺ڰҫķӦԱԼݵĻҪ죬ɷ𣬰ҫ˲䲶׽Ĺƣżһ㣬бӻһξ룬պöɷͻȻϮ
ɷһգһ㶣ԭΪԼһܹ䲻Ȼ˰ҫ˭֪߷Ӧ֮󳬹Ԥƣ֮ķʧɫ
Ľ񽣽ְ˵񱩣ǰɫ˵âϮâϮ磬ɷ˲䱻һֲΪǱԶİҫʲôй䲻ҫ˸΢΢漴Цͣ
ԭˣǸʵǿսȴǲĺܣɷҲΪսĲŻᱻºݺѹ£ƽﶼֻûôԼ൱ĶսɣҫЦⳡս˱ʤš
ҫĻ˵׼ɷߣֹһ˹Ϣ˫ɷߺ޵ҧҧһ亹Ĵ̫Ѩ¡
ûҹɷʵǿΨս鼫ȱԱԼһ׵Ķֿ׻ʤһսḻ֣ͬԵеˡ
ҫսĸ֣ڰҫ˵·֮󣬱˵ʹ֣ҫʮĽ˻ܡ
Ĳ࣬ɲǹֲģܳԷһλΪĻ׾ͻᱻԷʤǿΪʤϾڹƵı仯ԼսֵĲ׽ḻҪԶʤԷҪ鲻ˣȻҪ·硣
ؿǰɷ԰ҫľѾƵʮ֮ԶҫЦͣнâ಻ֹѹɷšλҹɷϴ󣬱ҫѹ͸ŭʮɹǰĽâ
ֲɨǰһɷͷϲֻǰĻаҫӰʱһңŤѰҰҫټ
Ҫѧٵ˵Ϣжλãֻ۾ֻװ˷ʱԼԼĽ࣡
ҫһЦŵɷæһӡ֮ϣǿƾ产ˣɷ˺ɳʮ֮Զ
ǰҫٶȱ죬ǰҫˣɷ˷ִ磬ڷӦϣҲǱȻҲսֱӲ࣬ḻˣǲᱻԷĻԼľ
ͬ鲻ʱδؾҪָʮɵ״̬һ߰˳ҾͿԽвλˣʵʵĻָ״ֻ̬װ׵˷ѻѣҫһƺɷ֮Ƴһһһۻָ״̬˫ɷЦ
ⳡսڰҫ˵˵ӮˣϵĲ࣬ԼϵĲ࣬ټ̬ϵĲ࣬ҫʮɵİǰɷ³ǵսҲֹҫһȲʤȯѡ
ߣϥڻָܸһƬǽ壬ˮɷɷľɷ˽ǵزѾ˹ȥ
֮ǰһսҲͬ˶Է鲻ȱݣ漴ȻӦ֣ɷȫѹƣ΢ķ˵㹦ɷ׻ܡ
ٴ磬˵ҫְᷢҹɷôһߴָһߵĵʵ
û⣬ҫսⷽ츳ǵǿһսֱԼḻս飬ֲܷʵȻܹȫѹɷٱ˫Ŀڻص
ҹʥǵ֮һȻ̳µĵӣ㻹󣡡΢Цҡͷڵ
֮ǰս֮ӮףȻĲƣһˣƺеûӡ
ϡ棬еʦڸˣֻڹķΪˣ˽־ͱȻʤս㣬þǸѿ˸ڻصѻָųɣ״ָ̬۷塣
˵ͷ漴Ǹ߸¶һЦݣĿڵ˵ҪҪһĽѵ
ͬʱɻĸ̾
ʱҶµսϣŽɷĵأ˽Ĵ˿ڴɷѶԸĺܣ˾һڹǣùƣڶ˲ͣ͹£÷ˡ
ҶСܣҪúˣأŴôһţˣƽʱԺ֣˼ȡ˰ɣЦеĿҶģ䲻ͣϸǲͣҶ
ҶûĿµ֣ƲƲֹܿ̿ģ˭ô͵ĺòãΪŮôͲԼ޲ȥ
ҶСܣֹʲôأ˵һЦһԼָǣƱž
ûУʲôû˵ǸǸϿ˹ϢøȥҫǱ߰æɣЦصģŵҶֲͣʧǵý¿Цͣ
ҫ԰ҹɷʱܱԷǿĹΪһ£ɽ֮󣬶ԷǼԺԲƵս飬ֱӳΪǵӲˣҫôŹôõĻᣬƾֱӴʤҹɷ
켫ڣҫһƺɷǰбһǸλţöɷ͵ϮڰҫǿȾ£ɷӰһɢñȶֱӱҫһ˻ȥ
˫ɷѾҫ˵ʮʵӲɣԥϣ˼ʹָʮ״̬ҲɲǰҫĶ֣ս̬ϵȱʧ޷ʵ
ʱܶ԰ҫһ˿вҲֻɷ֮׵ɷˣȻɷս鲻㣬Ǻ˵ĹΪ£һʱ䵹ҲʧҲΨһ˿ԸҫԿ·硣
֮ǰȥˣҪȡ׼ôȥһˣҵ׼ڰҫŲԶɷЦ
ɷʱ˿̵òɲ̫ã۾飬¶Ǵݣ׳۵˲ϣؿðẉ̂һ׶飬Űҫҧгݣܹɱ˵ĻôҫѾɷʬˡ
ߣҪҳС㣬ҪʤҲûôףɷҧҧͺȵ
ǺǣˣﲻΪʤģΪ⣡ҫһ°ͣһ֣Цһ־һݺݵѪ֮ϣҵĻһȼ𣬶Ѫг׷ա
ɷɷɷ˶ˣǱҫˣҲҫˣҪһ£ǾѪڵħѡ
ʱڷյѪڣǿźƶѿһħ˸һ˿̹⡣
СôĹ


ʮ ʥ٣һ˲ͣ٣
ҫһѪֱ͸Ѫڲײħѣħɫӫ⽫𾢾֮⣬ÿһӵĹȥӫᱡ֣Ҳ֧Ų˶á
Ȼ𣡡ɷһȣһƺҪƾƷϨ𾢣˫ɷҲͬѪǣǶһ£עǵж޹ǾվѪǰİҫ
ԼǰҹʥѾԸˣҪǿħѵķֲʺϵĵطߣҪɱҫǣ˿˵е˷ִ磬ɷǿʼ
ҫһɨɷƷɢԳ˫ɷ񽣰˽뷢ݺύն˫ɷһѱɨˣ˻Խ׳ذ벽Ѫһ֮ڶܡ
˫ɷ޹֮ʣɷֱ壬ڵһֱҫһ˳ƺӡ͸һɫţɷķٿƾѹԽԽδǿѹѾðҫе㴭
ƣɽ塤գ
ɷһͣҫҲаֵĴ⣬һɣųɣһƺ˵Ļ𾢼֮ϣ漴񱬷λֱƶ׺ҪȾҲɷ϶١
ƣɽ
˵ƶԺ䣬˵ྡྷɢ֮£ͬʱ˿һ࣬񱩵ڶ˷ֿһ˲ϯԲʮڵǿüѾճɽ̿Ѫһɨ֮£Ѫ׵׵ıɨ
ҫҪ֮أ壬̨Կգʦɷס֮һɨмѪˣһŭȣĿޱȣ˫ֽӡͷɢֿӡɢһ㵭ɫĹΡ
ɷ˫ĿһգϢһ˲üرһҫеϤϢͺʱɷһ㣬Ϣ͸ҫе
С㻵Һ£ձ㽫͵ɷ˫Ŀһ˫ͫϹŷһ˵Ĺʣɢɫ㣬ͳʵ˵Ʒѹҫһͷ
Ԫϣ֮֮ͬҹɷʦ𣬲ɣҫпЦû뵽ԷԪһУɷֱӽʦҹʥԪˡ
ǰҹʥҫһڣɷȭһ
ȥɷҫΪʦԶԸɷѱҹʥ壬˫ɷȻΥһȥ
뿪֮һɱޱȣҫ֣ȻҪɱ֮죬ɭȻЦСĪҪ̬ħѣ˴㲻ã
Ṧ֮ǰ࣬ٶȿĺޱȣգۼѵҫǰһ䣬·һʮӰȭŲ֮¹İҫ˲ֹ
ħľ磡
ҫϷأɣϷ֮£ҲɷһֹӰԽԽ࣬ƸѸͣɷͺһƵģơơ֮ǰŷ츲صı仯
ɭǣ׵֮ת֮Ҳ̫ˡԣǣħľҫаμת͸һ࣬Уת֮ǿ˲䱬ɷ
ƣͰ
ǺǣѹֽͽҪסǰɡҹʥͷҺܺǣĸҹʥħ߰ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ɭȻһЦ
Ǻǣס㣬²˹С㻹Ϸ۽磬òϣ£֮㶼͵ˣϷʱ㣡ѱ𴩣ħҲݣЦصPSѱ긽壬ɷĳƺĳħߣ
ǰˣ΢ĩУǰķѽ˵֮ǰͲ²аڸ汻Ҳأҫ΢΢һЦڵһμħʱԷͽ֮⣬Է뷨ûмء
ԣֻǵĺ£ҪʮһħѣȴСʵǲòħ˫Ŀ΢΢еɱŨɭȻ˵
˵ʵڵģħߺܰҫţҫ츳Խһһ΢貶Ŀı񣬿鱦ƫƫܱԼãŽȻΪԼⷽĻʵǲɱС
޷ҸаĳԹ˵·ڤڤ֮ҪаΪеġȻΥҾ͸аԵ׺ˣǵоҲߣɱʦ֮ҲȻҪԣҰҫаҪĵˣҫն˵˵ʹȻаһҪһǷҪһˡ
ܺãμ͸Ϸȥɣħľޱ˵һֱҫȥ
ÿζ˵һǻĺúõģԤУǰ˷ȡҵҫЦһֱͬħ߶ȥ
ڶ˸ҪӴչһս֮ʣ˾Ȼͬʱһ㶣漴Ŀ겢ǰҫħߡ
һֻӥצסħߵͬʱһֻӥצĿסĺ󾱼ֻһգ۵Ĺħѱס
ӥצͻϮһƬͬն䣬ХƷңƬݺݵնħߵùϣȻ
⻹û֮󣬵ƽһֻץסħߵСϥǺؽڣӦ䣬ֱħߵĺ
˵Ĺֻڵʯ֮ɣħĴȻʱ˿̵ħ߲ɷܹӳħ߽ĳɽӽɵʵ
վΪ˵ʱħߣ൱ڳ۷ȴδ񾳵ʵͨ۷֮Ķ֡ɼʹˣͻϮҲҪһͷת˲ش
ɶ񣬾Ȼ͵ϮϷ򣬸Ϸ򣬹ħ߱⵽ʹûԪ壬ŭʮɹ˺ݺˡ
ͬʱüħߵίʵСƣֻܷˣصҫǰħס֮ʹ絶ֻʹô򵥣ȫֱͬڣɷзƻʴȻˡ
ոô£о񣬺һ˲ʱͣһ£ҵбôԣмʹң֮ǰжͣˣ湻ģôһ˭һأǹ١Ҷġ
ҫԴǰ˵ıӰаԾȣ˵ʵڵ֮ǰǼΪ죬һ˲·ʱ䶼ֹͣˣֻάֵʱ䲻Ҳգ۶ˡ
ǲòϣǳʵãһ˲ͣ٣ּĸ֣㹻ԷĴˡ
ͺħ㣬ҫ˿ɣ֮ǰͣٵԼôԼ³ħҲòȥܵˣҲҪħصĶ࣬ǰͲö˵ˣȻҫཻĺֵܣ١Ҷġ
˵ĵ˵ƣֱһ浹бҫߣڣҫ˲еޱȣ·ΪѶܳ׻⡣
һܹ֧Ƭôҫòܣƾһ֮ܣֻҪǰЩֵڣҫ춼ͱֵܶȻĿɽ


ʮ ǵľ벳µ
֣Űҹɷеɷ񹦣ӦǼʵŶԣĻȴ͸һ֣׵ԣô£ü˵
ҫ΢΢һЦĹٵļ򣬿ڵһڸͣôֻѾͷأ
ո˫ɷˣŮǽˣĲֺǲ岻֣͹ˣҶƳƳ죬һε˵
˵ʵڵģ¶ǼŮⱩͬҲģʵޱȡ
ҫħѻôһս˵ľмʵ
ҫ˵ͷڵӦǻ˰ɣ
˵ͷһǷһ飬Ըִ£Ϊ˻ģˣҲ˭Ƿ˭ˣ֮ʲôծѻծĪ
ҫ΢΢һЦͬҲļ򣬺еظԼȫܹףҲ˵ʲôİοںʲҲ΢΢һ㶣Űҫ˵ͷ
ҫǰǰħ񣬷ֱֺӶԷЦ߰ɣҲ㣡
ҫһﻰ䣬㿴ҿҲûʲôҫϷŹԷȻĴ㣬ȴκһδػҫǱͷԣټʮδرȵϰҫһˣȻ԰ҫհ
ħһĿŰҫһҲ˵ʲô𣬷ɴܳǽ⣬ת֮ʧ١
ħȥ֮Ҳ֮ϵŮûһ˿˺۵ĴڣȻѹ˫ɷҲǣҹɷǿֻǿڱ棬ֻҪһΪĸһɷĶֱ̰ӱᱩ¶
ҪǾ鲻㣬ͬȼ΢еսĸ֣ѹеκһˣҪսʤ˫ɷҲҪ̫ľ
սӦоˣҫһػĿѯǶ֮ǰ˫ɷսڻص
ŶôɷӦö߹˲Ŷԡҫ˵ͷڻص
ҲΪȻĵ˵ͷҲǣҫ˵ļᣬħߴʱʵûӮϣֲǰֻǸɷ壬ǱذɵģȻ֮ǰ֧˫ɷΪó˵׼
СܣˣҲõҪĶǾͻǷŶЦ˵Ҳ̾Ϣһûж˵ʲô΢Цͷ
ҲʶˣԺҪʲôˣҲҪһŶһƵóѵ΢Ц亹ֱܸоԼе㱻ס˵˼
ǸֻҪΥҵԭһῴģ˵ˣҰﲻæĻҺλΪ㸰˫΢Цͬʱָָǵ͵˵ʲôӰ
ǵȻģٴβЦֻлô˼ϲζ
ˣҫԻش֮ǰôٿʵ֮ǰɷĹ죬ɻͣ
ŶǲɷаŴʥ֮һħʥöžռɷ壬ڹķϣĹҫڽ͵˳㽫ԼаһЩԹϸϸһԭأ˰ҫ⣬˼
ҫһۣ΢ЦҡͷٵҪͬҫһͬô˾ҪһͬаǰҫĴУǵģ˵ûге
˲ԸҫͬУôҫҲǿҲԹޣҫҲϣΪԼգȥоˡ
ҫ֮кһȥʯɷħԭ٣ҵսкܴߣպǿҲӼʤ㣡ޱ˵
ԺеĴأ⣬޼ҿɹ飬ԺɽˮмܴңⰡҶһ˷ܵĿڵ
аǸ񶼵رܺãҫΪУһһϣаΪֹŭӿΪ˵
ǡҫǰ˵Ļػһʱеǲ֪ܲŰҫʲô˵һͻаĸϣȫпܷ飬ǵĻش˼ͳһǾԸҫͬ˼
ʵҫǰΪֵܣֺγǣҫΪգǧԮҲܸͬҫεգͬ飬໥ģʱ˿̰ҫ򵽡
ҫ漴ҡҡͷһڣֿ죬ЦȻѾˣô͸Һúðһְɣ
һ㶣漴¶һָҫͬı顣
һ֮󣬲ĵһµ֮ϣһĳӣһɽۣ֮İ֮£һɢżȸµҽǲͣƺ緢ơ
һ׳ۣüĿƤݣͦݰף΢ݣӢһͿǵ΢ЦҡֽȣһƵȻУ˵ڷͣĻɽڱȻǼȵģȴʼնûһκָĪĸо
ƽôżɣǼҪŻɲҪʲô£ҿϣҲδػϣһһ쳹ϢǸ߸ǰȻӰ֪˭ҪҲ֪ԷǰĿġ
˵磬ʵһҪһ£Ҫ˵ļôҲֲҰƽ΢΢Ц쳣ɣ˿ûбԷ·ըĺŵ
л˵ֻҪϷεᣬʲô㾡ᣬĻȫ̤֮ƽδٴ
Ҫҿðӽɽű㲢֮ڣΪĸӹɣֻҪӦˣҾͲˣôƽϷ֮ɫЦ
ģͬ㽲㲻ʶ̧٣Ǿ͸ȥɣ
һŭȣ֮ǿ֮ǰǿֹµܽ󷭸Եĺˮ·ʧȥ˵ȫ߸漴۳һֻͻ̬ݺݵ׹ڲƽǰ
𣡡
ߴ׳ף·ɽһСˮͻռ˹µʮ֮һŲƽһǿɢԲǧ׵ľ룬Ƽ产ˡ
ϹҪģֲˣҲ㣬Ҳ㣬һ˵ˣڻһͷŻңҲƽ۸ɣ
ƽЦݣɫļҪγѪȻҲŭЦݵһ̣ɽײҽڷת
~~~~~~~
ԽתԽγһ׵ĺڶһ߿ڷ漴ҽ۳һֻ
˫Ἣа֮ӴβоŸ˫һ̵Ʈͣ³׹һ˫ͫݺݵĶˮţҲʾͬؾ
ˣǶְɣҪǴҪҪˣ˵ҪĶ˭ΰ磬ϷһµĽ飬ΣһϵصߣһӣˮͬʱɢΡ
ƽ֮󣬶߱ȭһ񣬿ڵǰӣȻҪģǰʲôý鵫˵޷
ûٴȻõ˼
Ϸ򿴣˵ʱͽһϳ̣˭ĵӸʤ䲻ա


ʮһ ǿµİѾԻǣ
ˣŸһͲ̱ʮƱ㲻ȱǮģҫ˷ۣԹ
ʲôвʮƱ磬֪ʮƱһжô㹻һŴˣǣϱҴҵ󣬲ȱǮȱȱòãҶĭɵţôʱҹһڿջݶûʲôˣҶĵĻȻȵĿ⡣
ȱƨڤڵʱ㲻ǰѱжѹ˸ôĽƱĵرж٣ʮ˵ô˵ƱƱɡ٣жţҫŤͷٿʵ
Ĳҹ٣ͷҲ̧ĻصƱһǧ߰ʮǧ߰ٶʮƱʮǧŰЩֻĵرĵֵһĻʮƱԶԣҲͽƱƱٷ֮һɣ
ȥǮԱȵģҪȷĵطǱŮһھҪʮ֪ʮܹʲôôǲҲ֪׹´ҼһҪÿҶϵľƺ͹˼ڣҧгݵ˵
ҶеıŮǽ£뿪֮󣬾ֵˣ߸ҶҪʮƱҶĵʱǳˬ˸һ˵ԼǮʽ¹ﻹС
ɾڽ뿪֮󣬻عҶ־᲻ˣǺǳĲܣһ£ֱⲳǺ󣬶ûͣһֱͣ
Ǻҫ١ѺҶջݶȾƣԹѾ˰ʱû꣬˴ȰѾ̫ˡ
ҶģҲֱ̫ˣҿȣ߶ҲûãҸо㣬վǰ͸ҽǮôܵģ㷴ĸࡣΣ˵䲻ģҪÿǲܵģһ²ȥ֣ڶ򲻹ģЦеĿҶĿڵͬʱƺҶġ
Ҷƺһ£ĻһѪϸһ£˵ĻоųɾŻʵҶҲ֪㣬һʱҲֻܺžƣţСӣҲֱ̫˰ɣ
ҫһһСϰԣֽƽϵҶģ΢΢һЦҡҡͷֵܵȷĿԣòֵڣҲͦȤġ
ˣٳüˣЩⷽʵһУһУֻҪʵǿҪʲôУ֮ʵΪûʵĲƸ˼˵ˣҲûƨŰ˵ǲҫҶĵļƺһڣο
ûҲˣջСڣƺҫߡ
ţ΢Ц
˵ϴ˵ʲôʲô£Ҷʼ磬һԸı飬ڻص
˻һۣ΢΢漴ЦҲֵܼŻ£һȾƣһ̸Цĸо˲һַǳɣǣڣʵ˳ޱȡ
ͬʱеľƺǿգײһ£ͷ
峿һ׼Ҷؾݵ֮һĸڰҫǰһĻ㱨йزĴ¼
ǰһɫӲһµϳֱϾ֮ǰѾΣȻµϹʲô汦Ҫˡ
ҫҲյϢһ֮ڸǧ·̣ǣѰҫĹµҪ汦ܾܿƷ˵ǼˣȻõѶϢĲֹҫˣ֮
ǺϰУֻڶ̶̵һΪĳЩȽֱӽЩаռƱСɣԼɢʿ룬ԱǱʱԼȡƣһЩҪľ
ҫʱҲʱռǵһڽľڣڰܹ񾳶֣ԼʥʵڽҲ㲻
ҫҪǣľڵĵӾ֮⣬۵ĵӻϷȻҪ˵
Ҷĵһ֣ΪһͺܲˬˣҲ磬еԹŭ𳹵׵ȼǺľھͳķй
ҫҶġ˽ľڴǣ˳㽫֧Ԯȫ˹漴ֵĽڣЩ֮ǰľڸߵҲռ˰ҫ˵ıˣôŰҫˡ
ȻҪ˵ľڲǲܵģ˵ľڱд֧֣ҫ˺ɨľڣǾ൱ڴǸ棬Ҳֻѡ
԰ҫ˵ʵҲǶ٣˳˰ҫ۷֮ҫӳֵ£ǿԱԽ۷壬ֱƳ񾳵ʵ
Ҳ˵ԷҪǳ񾳵ߣĻν񾳣ҫ˻治ǣðҫĻ˵Ƿž˴ٷ϶٣Ϊֹ
ҫ˵׳ҲõСɵľηԼ֧֣˵ЩȻͨ籨ˣҲľһսⲳ˵õһѶϢҫˣǡ
Թҫô˻㱨һʱ䣬мѾеˣȫǶ֮
Щνһɣûʸ룬ͨͨˣĻлһЩһɣǿʥʵζᱦҲֻΪˣôһ仰ʵΪûʵʲôֲ㣬ֻܹԹԵĿš
үˣ費ҪҶһЩǲ׼ؾݵĸϲͷ÷ǳϲΪҲףѵ֮
ҪҪôųǵ͵ã˵ֲûԱûҪôʦڣǼ汦мŻҫ˰֣΢Ц
ŵ˵Żҵʱ䣬ֻǼ汦ڵĹµڲĴʮΧƣҪµҪʮ֮һϲڵ
ΪΣֱôҫһʵ
ΪµԼʮƺ˲ʲô󷨣ϵĻֻµһԾʮĽޣᱻ֮׸飬ԱҪǵϲڻص
ðɣϵϵɣҲûʲô˵ģܶ࣬жǱȽֵȥעģҫȻʲôʵ
˵ʵڵģүʵټϼλٷˣܹвĻ治࣬Ψһֵע޷ҲֱɽׯħššħűԼ𸮣
˼ǣǰɳԼһĵǰȥ汦һĸֲμӣһĻүɹᱦĻܴأ
㼪𸮶ôϣһЩ˰ɣҫ΢΢һЦ˸ԼôһЩС飬ͬʱһֵܣǸȭͷӲıȻȵֵܡ
ڰҫһ̣Ҷķߣҫ˵ֱϷɱŪİҫϲˡ
ҫϱֱ˵ϷˣҸɼȥ



ʮ 򵽲þòѽ
ʵ·ǳͻأй٣ǵļɹһЩԼƷһ̰ͼɫҪϷ
Ȼö˵֣һ˾ͽ˸ſˣҪ뿪ӵʱ䣬֡
Ҳ໰һֱӶ֣۷ľΪϾ׵ѧʽȻԸԼѽѷֲ£ʵ֮ǿС
˽Ƽ󣬼н˸췭ظһƬǽ壬ȻҲ¥ȾƵҶģԭҶҪս֣˭֪ȻסˣԷָĪЦݣҶһһ㶵ģƺǰⳡսܸȤƵġ
ֵ֣΢Цû뿪ԷһַǳŹֵĸоҶȥѰҫ˵оϲϡͿҶҲֻȥҰҫˡ
ȻҶզզԸ񣬸ҫͼԵʱȻҪͼӴһģ߰ҫԺ󣬰ҫҲû˵ʲôҶĸֳ
ϷȥģҿƸҳӵĿԱȽϴɣľڻͦбµģȻٴƽֵ֣ľڱĴСأҫа룬Ȼǰ׿⣬һɼǿ֮ǿ춯ء
ôôأҫһ٣ԴͬʱԺвͣĻŹ¼ľúϤԼ϶ֱ
ͻȻҫ˫Ŀһɣһ֣ԭСӣԵְ
˵˭Ҷһʵ
ûʲôһѣߣε¼ֻǸˣҫ΢Цҡͷɴܣҫ˵Ĳ岻ҶҲֻĪɦɦͷϡ
ڣ꣬쳣أԷίʵ͵ǿ񱩵񽻲֮£ֱʣ·һһΡ磬ҴĬĬĽ˵壬ʱҪúƴһС
ؿߣĶҲϢ;ףṦǿĺˣҶԷ̬ǳĹ죬··ˢһޱȣëǰɫģһж˹֮ģԵú쳣
̾Ϣһֻóٺǰת˶ǳİ·Χһеȫʧˣֻһ˾վ
ۣԾƶգûһ˿γɵļ̤ӦӦܾͱֱӻɣ΢΢һЦ̾
ɲΪվԭأȻϹž޲ûһ˿ıڣʵѾܲƽˣΪԷеİ׿͸ˣôлӦеô
ĺǿֻһ۾֪еİҪսһأ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷһȦһĹȥ
ٿߣǰѾתĵ˶壬ƸǺ˵ֻһȣըһķһһΪˣĵӰһ࣬ĵӰһɴҲ࣬й֮ǿޱȡ
ңƪңo
깥Ѹƥļ죬Ҳ׼ֻؽҧĿ͹ԣ˫۸תɹ֮ɫԵüɭɲ
˵ʱʱ죬񹥵ǰʱźݺǰһ̤һŵľˮ涼޷ܣȣΧԶһɿ⣬ƺξһӿɨǰѳӰ
аȭ۷幦ؼ죡
ùȻǿ˹ҪȹҲ㣬ң޼ڲҪ̨Сˣޣ֮սʮ㣬˸ǿ̬¶Ȼһɳյսˡ
껰ǰֲıɨԼֻǱɨ˵Ӱһ˲䣬ٴγǬ㡢ҡ롢˵ӰһԷֱӳƱ
ãӲƴһֺη˫ĿһɣɭȻаЦһͣ˫ǰ˫һչһ˫֮ϣۣ˲γһֻɫĻ룬Ʋ١
궼ˣˣಫĵز߾Եˣֻոձ֮󣬹پԵеĲ
֪ôģٸо졣Լ϶ھ͸ˣԺоǲôһ㣬ʵ벻
̫ɶˣȻȥ˼ͬҪĽѵУٵĶҲɫ꣬ǲǵƳǱߣԵеߣ˫ȭ籩ƾޱȡ
ٸæٽмܣɾǧһ֮ʣһǳϤӰΪ֮һ㶡
ҫ
٣ѶϲҲȷʵô򣬵Ǹսأ
˭
һ֪ˣ
һȾĹ֮䣬ǿֺ˵Ļ𾢣ֱӽȭӰɢҽһߡ
ǰҫ񹦶ھĿֲ磬˲ֱֹʮ׿סΣҫ˿ûͣٱֱĳǱߵս
ʱѾԵĵز˶ûзְҫĿǿƣͬĺڰɴܶһ˫նƼѸͣնıһǿҵ˺Ѿ磬ɽһɨİ˵Ӱ
ȭʬ
ȻǶһĵزôҫأҫٶж죬ֻգݣʵϵȷգۼոչİְԹüޣҫֱӳ˵Ժġ
ڳ˶һаҫո˵󣬴ʱҪͬʱļл˵ľпֲ󣬰ҫȻǿн룬ʵ˵ľ
ڵʯһ˲䣬ҫ˫һһҸԶˣһȦһӱۻԲֱʮɹתֲľ罫˵оתĵգжһɶ
Ųƣ
˹Ʊж֮ͬʱһ飬ܺҫΪʲôҪôΣյ飬֮ǰĹǰ꣬ɶܾ˰ˡ
ǰҫľٶһ˷⣬Ҳʲôݴݰҫ֮ǰΪ꣬ҫǰʱѾޱȴˣʱĿɿڴ
ҫô㣿Ŀɿڴĺ
þòѽָУΪܶҫ΢Ц
ûŰųһľ콾ָСĻɽʱҫܸ֣ڰҫܺ丸ɽʱҲΪԼͷǧʱıҲվڰҫҪͬҲǰҫһֵܡ
ָУ˰ɣϲ㣬ҲӦϲҰɣΪʲôҪг֣üͣǰʵ
տʼûϳģϳ֮ѾˣΪλ̨ʵ̫ˣҲ֪һ־һʱˣǺǣǺǣָгԼαװһεЦ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣һۣ΢ЦҡͷǻˣһǸհ


ʮ ֺãָм룡
ôָľҳӵģǵһ¥ڣΧһţһ磬һģҫ׵ȻָʸףֵҪԭ
ǵģֻ˳иҲˣҳӵģָа˰ָָ֣ߵ꿪ڵҲٽֵ꣬ʱ֮Уǰҫġ
졤ҫ棬֮ǰлأҽһ£ɽׯǰˣλຣȸΪ֮ǹά˰ҫһ䣬漴ҽܣƱȾǸͬʱҲҫ˱ǰӵ˼
ɽׯľڱĿɽˣҳӵĻһ˿²̫ɣҫ΢΢һЦ˵᲻أҲ΢ʢһ㣬뿴ʲôķӦ
ҫ˵ûλʵֻһ˵ȷǲ̫ҳֻΣҪĻҪλύһٴٱһƵЦݣ˵
еֲЦˣȻ֮ǰҫսһ˼ʾãҫҲùڽƽϣöԷ²̨˵ػǱȽϿģͬʱٱһҲǸһˡ
ȣȻͷϲȻǰֻаҫһ⣬ҫЩʵǿĿֲҫضá
ûҲҪǵʵҪ׾ٵ飬ҪľǸҫ˴ùϵ£ɽׯǾǴһ
ҫ˽ҲĿνľҳӣֻǸڰˣĿģʵΪ֤һ°ҫ˵ʵȥֵز
ʵǿǾͺú£ùϵʵǿǾֱܼ򵥣ӣһʵΪ׼ҫչֳʵֻһ뷨
Ҫ£Ҫ£˸ʵǿĿֲһֱǳ޵еĴڣǲϹ˳ɽׯҲҪǴùϵжǣһ֮£պܴóҲǲУ
е뷨ˣȨֺˣֻҪܸ˽꣬ôպׯ֮λаҫ󣬱Ȼʮþȵġ
Ǻ˵ʩչ粻֮࣬ҫϵرĳ˵ʱ򣬽ǡô˵ŷǫ鲻΢ˬԴһӾ͸˴Ļȡ
˶ҲΪøУȻҫһۿ˶Է̬ۼֳղҲ֮֮Ϊǵļơ
ҫ磬α
ǿǵһ£ڷƽ˾ǳֵܣһһʱһпܻᷴҧһڡҶڹķͦȤģҫԴͬԴķʽ΢Цص
ĹȷʵͦصģȻԸıɫһǵһμôֵ̬仯أҫĴ£Լͷûɼѣݺݵšһ°ҫĴȣص
ûǴĻʩչӦǷĴ֮һ׽֮ǰ̬ǰɫ˵Ѵ׼ʵǿĺأҫ΢΢һЦƳһۡ
Ĵ񹦣ǧµĶѽôȥˣһ׽ּ񹦣ǧ²ջô鲻ԣʱȴǾȲͣ
ͲˣܸһĽйذɣҲ׵зʽթʲôѧ⴫ȥҲǲܵġҫص
λ汻ҫ׼ˣʵ·ѧҲв٣ʮԼĴ񹦶һСֵйǧҲǿջء
ǵ˼˵ˣȻԵ⵱гĴ֮׵ġϴ辭⣬κιй֮֮׷
׽Ҳ׵Ĺֻ֪׽߼ֻǧڲ֪׽߼֮ϣһսƵʽܹΪס
ϣսƵĹ׽ڼͼʮң߼սƵĹսƵʮռһսƵĹǸ߼սƵʮȥ࣬⹦ԭеĻеġ
Ҳ˵ռһսƵĹȻǺڼͼǧϣһʲôĸ˵ڼͼһƿɴһʮ׸ߵɽôռһսƵĹһƾܰɽĳɷĩ֮ǿֻ÷˼ݡ
׽ĴŻֹˣ˵ֻǴ˵ռһսƲ׽۷幦۷幦һ޼·Ѿѧ롣
ȻֻǴ˵ûۼ֤½׽޵о˱ǽƷɣֻƷûǴ˵еĹǾǺˡ
ؿǰֳ˼飬ҶĹٵƱյԣȥʵ⣬ҫǰˣҲɿҲͱӦһ¡
ҫָе̬ȷҪһЩҲǸԼͬѹģȻҪ粻٣ֻҫлǱȽϵָбˣǰһ׼գļⷽ»
ָε汦Ҳзݲôҫʵ֮ǰϲԼ㱨ʱûἰŵĴڡ
ûѽʵҲܴˣδָֻҰͨһһϵûеģָкһھЦ˵
ҫüʵʲô˼ʲôδһϵûУ˵Щ
ָ΢ЦصŵĴӹɣΪﵽڵڵӽҪ뿪꣬׼ɵκԴκ鶼޹أ˳ԹҲһŲ
Ҳ˵κ¶ҪԼƴӶһŲܣֱػΪֹҲһɡһγ⻹λʦֵһͬͿôˡ
ʲôЧǧµô΢΢ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ӦɣҲνûԼڣʲôʲôҲûʲôõģҰһҲָа˰֣΢ЦƺںʧȥɽԵúѡ
ǹͬΣҫ˵ͷʵ
ȻһӦͦ˼ģһָһЦʵҲôģֻǲ̫˼ڶѣҫΪԶܺԼθڣȻһļϣٺòġ
ˣôҫǰҶġ١ˣ΢Цʵ
ҲǷ׷ױʾͬеǲʶָдһܣӴ˺ܼ򵥣ܴӣûʲôļƣԳϣȻ񣬵Ϊ˶ܱҶ˽ܣȻзԵ
ָ潻֮󣬸Ǵˣ˴֮һĸоһӾĸָֺеĴͣ˲ѸҶ˴һƬ
ԭҶĵѾָдӦҫ˹ͬʱ˱΢ĬҲ֪ڴʲộҫҲЦеĿ
峿ҫ١ҶġָУһǵĸۿڣǰһƬСһĴֻһַǳ𺳵ĸо
ս﷫ӣֻһĿģǾȵǵȻᱦ


ʮ ˣ빴ʹߣ
յĲʷֵһ죬еĸۿڶͣ˲ʮҴСһĴֻеĴֻĿĵֻһط
Ǿǲĵһµһ汦Ҫ汦֮ǰε汦ʱ˿̲Ĵ̡
ǣҫԼڵĴֻǰҴͨСԼʮףʮңˮּϴԱܹҲͶʮˣϲҫŵģЩ׳ʮ׸ߵľ޴ֱС׼ףֵһᡣ
ҫúܺãֻֻϵĴ߰ˣҲûʲôҪЩʱ͵һҲʡһЩҪ鷳
ԭڰҫ˶֮ǰҫɽׯҾ޴УҫˣָҲҪҫһͬǰУǳƣҫ֣ҲǿֻȻء
Ҳ϶԰ҫΪĹǣʲôľ˶֧֣ʵҫøԼֵǹͬ£죬ҲڣЩʶһ𷴶᲻̫Ȼ
οҫޣ־룬Ϊ˿ҫпĺܣĻǾԶ֮ĺá
С֮һ·޻ҫ˳Ǵ﷫ŲǧĴֻҲƵҲ
ֻǺܶ˵ǳˣϰٸɣǧҴֻǰȥµ̽汦мܻء
ǵǰҴ㹻ıʱʵûôˣΪԵˣ˵оųϵ˾ʹ״̬С
ȻⲻҫˣΪƷɵУҫοҲֶֻѣӰҫԸ˵ڱҪ˵ͺܶ࣬ҲǾǿԸйء
ҫĹ۵һνĵرֻģܲþͲãԼĶʵڣֵĵرֻǿиɵӻΪȡ
Ҳ˵ڵõϻΡ֮󣬰ҫһ㶼ûжģ±ֱһڵߣҫԵúν
ûڰҫõϻΡĵڶ죬һڵˣƺҪȥʲôҫҲûʣ˾ȥؾû˵ʲô֮Ҫ˵汦жҫ治ϡ
Ȼֻǰҫô룬ǳǳǳɵǣҶġ١ָУЩҫߵֵҲͬô룬ҷǳһµͬһ۵㣬ĵرֻǸãõʱãҪǿԼ
ҲðҫܳΪֵܣۣǳζͬˣܻ˵ҫƱ̫ˣǰҫ˶ôΪģҰôôë£
ҫ˿ζᱦ¼û˽ĵһƱˣԶΪƷɵУҫ˶汦Ҳ־ڱصõһƱˡ
ҫи⣿ʱҫڴͷһߺȾƣһźҶҫ䲻ôһ䡣
ʲô⣿ҫһھƣһķʵ
һ·ϲôƽ˾ĵִµɣҶĽʵ
ôܣô׵Ļ汦ײƵģֶǰ϶ص㿴ⲻôҫƲƲ죬ڻص漴ָ̧ǰ
ҶĿҫָķ򣬺üһﻹ˵ʲô˵Լѻ죬õĲ黵飬漴ֱնȥȥ֪ͨٵˡ
УС֣ʲô̩ɽǰѧŵ㣡ҫͷûĺһǻ𼱻ǵҶģеľƺǰĺУʵҲûʲô˵ģ޷ҲˣǳǳĴֱĳҫĴֻ
ûǱֱĳ˹ʵֻǰҫһ߳ôľӦ˵гĴֻ˱ľ
ʻһƬΧƹµΧʮȫǣҲ˵ҪϵͱҪ㣬˵ĵһ顣
ҫߣѾ뵽˺ʵ֮УܼȲףѱ򣬲ҫҲţ֪϶ʲô֣ⷢҲ
Ҳո˵дˣҫκһ˵ʵڵ񽭺еһﶼǶ֮ʵη壬ǰĵɽ𺣣ظڤҲҴһͲ
ҫ磡ҫߣ΢Ц
ҫ΢΢һЦ˸ԴڵսԱٺ˰ɣ
ţźˣҴȻȥͨ幹ǻ˴˼ģǲϾӲľ̶̳ȼﵽκγ̶ȵĹڲ컹ŵĻΪأȸԾ˵ڻһĶΪԡ
ϲүʲôʧýɣҪ֤ҵİȫҪҵֵ͵Ϊˣҫ΢Цҡͷڻص
ҲְڣҫصٺãΪ֪ǶԣӲģҪ֪ҫĹϽΧʲô£ǼһɾҪ꿩֤İȫ޿ɺǵģ΢Ц˵
ĵΪֹҫ׼аˣٱ˫Ŀڵ˵˵ͷ£Դ
Դӽ֮󣬹ٵ۾ûڰҫġҲһײĸӦ֮ڸ֪ϣİҫҪ׼ȷǾɡ
ʵνɸ֪һַǳǳļܣκ˾ĸֶһܣǾǾһ׳֮λֻǹٽλõ˼£Ӷõһȫµá
ھȫĵͶ뵽֪ʱ԰ѷԲһеɽзֱ涨λʱͰѺ˵ΧһȫµɣҴֻΪ˷ĺˮУ֮ڷٽӽС
ˣʱȥʮϢٶȻۣ۵һ̣װԵȻʮ֮ߵˮһӰɴܶ𣬳ǰ
ҿʲôҶĶ˶Ƥڵ
ǰпֳ־޴ɢһ˵ĺ⣬ϴɫףںɫ֮ڣĶñ˵ͷ­ڸǣܵĹһضɭĸо·Ĺʹߣ˲
˲˹ļһ֮֮һ˻Ȼʮʹߴ˷ɴܶһɶ೤ľ޴ɢɭȻ⣬һ·һ㼲ҫ˶ȥ
ֵǣֵʱ䵽ˣǸɷǣҫսʮ㣬ָǣɭȻЦ
ҫ磡һòãǿȥǿأŶƲƲţаϢĻС
ǿգǴغȥ˵ȡ٣˱ơ
̫ˣҾ˫޳ɣٺ٣мܴϲָ˫Ŀ΢΢ɭޱȣ˵мܴƽһ¡
ǵӺܹŹ֣ҪСӦУ΢΢üǳһֻ۶ɵĺɫ롣
ǵİ಻˻ǹҪǵĶ񿴿УҶĵעڶԷĶϣһ˫ӥצƴ
ϣ
ҫһ£˷ֱǰȺɳ۶ģʹߡ


ʮ һؽɱ
ʲôǹʹߣ˼ܼ򵥣ǹĻ꣬Ҫ񲳺֮ϳ˿ȻȳĹʹչɱ¾
Щʹ߲ʹηˣ˼붼ûУֻ֪һ£ǾǷɱ¾Լܼ壬е
ЩʹߵʵǿҲǳͳһڵʵĺˣ·޾һӺˮзɴܶÿҴ϶ʮϰٵһЩʹֻǴﵽǧίʵֲޱȡ
࣬ʵǿдֻ֮ûã̾ͻ⵽Ľɱûκһ⣬ЩɫɳĹʹȻΪ˵جΡ
ҲЩ˲˹Ķ֣Щǰȥ̽ܣһʱɱЩ޵ףɷǳֵǣһֻ뿪Щʹ߱㲻׷ˣǵĻƺֻƬ֮С
ϰٸ˴ﵽ֮ľӽ߳ϣʣµĵЩȻǶ֮Щгĳһ
ͨ׵˵ߵЩֻһЩˮߣǿɳ˷ˣֱʮȥЩǿ˵ǰ㲻ʲôҲ΢ѵֽŰˣûʲôѶȡ
ʱĴĹµϣվںңǰĺƽ棬һ˫·ӥֱԶƺԽϰľ룬ֱ䵽Ƭڵֿ޾ĹʹϮɱ
Сƣλ᲻̫˵㰡һĽϸߵ΢Цʵ
һضˣʲôʸǵᱦֻ̭һЩ˰ˣ֪Ҫ۵ģ߸꿪ڻص
ðɣðɣϴѵһؽ㣬㰮ôôɣȥ׼ǹصĶˣҪһϲأ߸˰֣תȥ
ô
ܣ֤ˣ
ؿҫߣǰЩȥع죬ֻ֪ɱ¾ĹʹߣڸոսӴʱȷǸ˰ҫһС𺳣ɽ֮˾;öԷҲֻˣʵûȥ
ҶĵĻ˵ЩҲӺÿʵֱЦȻڰҫ˵ЩȷǸЦΪ˾ǿߣ΢һ죬Ϊʵ̫ˣɱꡣ
ҫ磬Щһﲻ࣬Ȼӣڲɳϳɵģǿܣü΢أ˵ǰһ֧Ĺʹߣˣڲȴ죬ȻЩʹߵݾǿܡ
һ˲䣬ʮʹߴֱܶеľ޴Ҫ͵ϮǺҲΪİ֣ûʲô͵ϮҪܳɹǾˡ
ֻͷҲصһ˦ұۣ۹ĵһƱʽĳַ̼ʮʹնء
ЩնĹʹͣһ£ϰȻɱǹһĨ˵΢ЦһָбնĹʹ߰һҵĺը
ûǿܣΪʲôҪһƤأҾӦûҪɣҶüʵ
ֻ˫צһһʹߵ˺ڣһЩҺԼķɳڲûѪĴڣ䶪һ֮Ҷ𣬺ӥӣһ˫ӥצ
ֻһСɰˣսʱ̬Դ⣬һ֫Щͻ˲һִ㵸УȻܳûɱˣսʱһ˲ģ㹻Էٲˣڵ
ֻһͷ˷Ϭţֱײһ˫ֿնͣǱĹʹߣǰһߵĻڣһӱأٶ
ţ˵ĺܶԣЩһֻؿڵīʯˣĵطжˣ嶼ܼһ㶼Ӱ죬αװڽսʱг䲻Чҫڵ
ֻ˫۷趯񽣺ñŭοһ㼤ÿһâ·۾Ƶã׷ڹʹߵϣīʯݻ١
ӣȥǻ߶Ҫ취ͻƲУ΢΢üڵ
ֻתɣ·һٿշԼԣÿһתɢһƵƵһܵĹʹ߷ַڵأƹ겻ɷٸ˻ꡣ
ͨʲôĿȷϵģ֪һĻҵа취ͳͳϹӣȫԴƤ¾ָüͷ𣬿ڻص
ʱҫ˸չЩʹߴɾ˴˽սѹСʱҵʱ䣬ҫռžԵϷ磬ȫЩʹ߸סҫ˵ĽŲֻǰʻ
°ҫ˼ʹǿҲߵһ̣ǰĹʹԽԽ࣬ȻȳһĹʹΧŰҫĴֻвͣĳ
ֻǲõģֳ˰ҫҪһµˣΪǲҫ˫ޣѭãսʮ¶һ˵
˿ģĵ˾£ǻᱻĹģһĹ˿ɱ˺ò˶٣ǱɣҲ˵Ҫƴ֮ʱƽǰĽɱУҲǰҫڿǵ顣
ҫüͷɨһܣܻɵкӰէ֣ȴֱ˴һʱЩʹ߻ϲôλҴֻػĹܲ͸磬ֻ˵ʱûʲô󰭡
ˣЩйŹ֣ҫͻȻǰһںȵ
ûЩеˮմǣŻЩΪĿģ֮ǰγɾͷǳͻأһʲôɷЩУֻҪմϣͻ⵽޾ĽɱҲӦ˹һ⵱еİ
٣һָ֣ܵУмɰո˵ĻܹӶҫڵ
֮ԽϹΪ˶Լ£баȭеĴ𾢣Пo񹦿ģκһ˵Ļ𾢣Լľ𾢣ÿ𵽼ӳɵá
˵Ĺ˵ȫ֮ɻӣ˵󺣣ҪԲڵǴ´ģھ͵ָߵĴˡ
ɹС߳ɵĻǰҫǻжİ취ģԼðգֵǸԼһðա
ʮɣֻҪܰΧſʮҵľ룬ʣµľͽҰɣָһı飬ΪᶨȻǶԼֶʮġ
ãôְɣҪ֣ȫΪҫһﻰ䣬һҾƣͺˣתת˲в²ơ
һڣֽҫģ𾢴oֻգ֮ͽ񹦵Ÿȥһ𾢴ҳ̶Ȳڰҫ֮¡
ͬҲǽаȭת˼£ֻܲǰѱѹͣ𾢽ȫתһƣаȭĻ֮ͱҫй֮޲
񹦵ھʮɹ
o࣬¡񹦴𾢣ʮɹ
ؼ죬аףʮɹ
ͬʱȳͬʱͬʱ˫ƺͬʱʮɹⳡƱؽվգΪеĽ㡣


ʮ Ӱǵ
𣬰ҫ١˵ʮɹ£ֻ֮þݡ
ֱʮںһ֮󣬷񱬷˺ñȾκһϯܣȵķѹܵϰ׵ķΧϰپ߹ʹ߸ٳ˷ɻҡ
ʱǴ¿ôһƬĻǳͻأıճһƶҲǰҫ˵ֱʡ
ѰҫĴֻΪģԲڻʮҴСһĴֻҲڵֿʹߵΧɱֲֻĻ˿ķ֮˵߶˰ҫĵ˵Ĵֻϡ
ƽƽĴֻ˾Ȼܱ㺧˵Ļ𾢣Ŀɿڴþòܻ⵱ҲڵĴֻҳ׸ߴɿɿľս
վڴͷвɢĻˣԼӭѹѹͷȲѣĿȻܹĿҫ˺ʩչĻ𾢣ʱ˿ᵽ˰ҫ˵ǿ
ʱʶԭ֮ǰʱҫչֳʵ»ֻǱɽһǣԼֵĹƺҲûоȫҲˣǷݶʼ֮š
ҫҪΪǾٺòҪǲΪãҲܱ˱ˣֻܽǾ紦֮зݣ˫Ŀ΢΢֮в͸¶һ֮⣬һ˿ɱ⡣
ʱһ΢Ц
״ˣͷǷһǰŭӣףҲɽׯׯ
ӱ˵Ļ졤ҫ΢Цͷʵ
ǣ˵ͷڻصԵúǾнһ֮ϵȨĶӣȻ¶ǿ֮£òмӡ
ڶ֮УΪ㣬ͷԻ㶼ǼֵܽҪǿֹһǰ㣬ǣЩʱΪҪ㼸䣬ϣĽܣ΢Ц˵ǰϴͷԶҫĴֻɢһӲӵĹΡ
븸״˵ѵʾϴصȻֹֻǱϵģеĲ֮ɺһ㣬һš
ӣ£ٺòպɽׯܴˣ޷£мǣԲ佻񣬷ɽׯд֣ҪЩ㣬ô΢Ц˵
һ䣬ʧɫûҫǺǿʵֵԼôҪԼ乧мӣҪԴԼǰ㹧˼⡣
Ҳ׸״˵˼ҫȻ츳ʵףֵø״Ŵüͷ壬һ֮ɫʵ
ǲܿ棬ΪĻϾͿˣҫû㿴ȥô򵥣ߵҲûеôƽ֮򲻿佻мǣмǣһ۰ҫֻϱŷĽ⣬֮ⷬתȥ
΢΢üʼմĦ͸Լ׵⣬ԼΪλ߿ҫϸ޹㽫ԺˣҲ˵Ļûȥڲ͵Ľܺڣڲԡ
ʱҫĴֻһɼ貽ɫΣ֮ǰҫۿɼٶȽᣬܺĹʹ߳棬Űҫ˷Ӷ
ɽɫεԴͷǳָУʱϥأƽ棬Ľɫ˿߷·һ㣬ٲҴֻϻдʡ
޼Ǭ跨ܣ޼޾Ӱ󣡡
ָл֮ʣɫ˿ߵķֲٶȶȻӿ׵׵ĽҴֻʱҫڵĴֻһŽɫԭͨͨĴֻ˲üΪѤɫ˿ĲֹǴֻѣдеˡ
ҫ˱ɫ˿֮󣬿˵𾪣ǰҫһ˫гʮ״ƣ١ҶġҲûȰҫõȥһޱȣѪڵı顣
ⲻһμָвˣһںǿսħԳʱ򣬵ʱָвǡ󡯣ҪƵĻ⡮Ӱ󡯾ҪǰֹҲ𺳵ˡ
ָУǡҫһ˷֮ɫڳɵ
һϰҫνһϲͨڳָҲû˱ȽϾͨģ˷ܾѹֿ֮ʼ±ˣΪǲ֪ɫ˿ʲôʵϵãΪоһ֮
ŶûʲôģǸ󷨣ܼٵģָпڻصո˵꣬˿ȥΣҫϵĽɫ˿ҲʧΡ
ָ֮䣬˸΢Ц˵ˣɣˣ㲻ñЩӬˣ
ȷҫ˿ԼɨһܣܿԼҲܿߵˣüɵ
Ūˣ˵ԶԵģûôѾٹѽָָָԶڰյĹʹߣ΢Ц
һﾪˣ˵˻û֮ǰָжԻ֮ʱ˲ûյκεĹ´ʱ˿Ѿ½Լֻ֣ЩʹҲûйΪ°ҫĴֻԼ߾Ϊ
ȫľͷˣҫΪȵĿܣһĹʹߣԷȫûзӦ
ôһ£ǲЩҲ۾׽Ŀ꣬ôģһʵ
ΪӰصټ򵥵˵ǵϣһǳϡı㣬һзΪȻҲˮֵմȾһȻͷֲˣǵжҲϢأָзǳĵĽţֻ˳ӦöûжǣҫҶ˵뷨Ҳܼ򵥣󷨺ˡ
ЩʧȥĿĹʹðҫһЦеĹʹȫҫˣܵĴֻɱȥҲ˵һЩǳ޹˰ҫ˵
ܲĲҺҫ̾һԶԲǧ׵ľ룬λĪҪţ˷ȫΧ£ֻҪˮִմƽ˷飬ҫԾڴˣλΪ֮
ԭˣлҫѣ
ҫ˷֮٣ɽŸм
ҫ
ܲĹάл֮ҫ̾ϢһҡͷԼֻô࣬ʵҪԼ˵ƽ֮ûôףԼŪô֪̾ˣƽ֮Ҫǿʵܵģʵֻͽ޹ѡ
ʵҲҫ룬ʹаҫǰܶ޼ƿʩʱ޿̵ıƱĻеˮָʹһֻ֣ᱻմȾϣһЩϵ͵ߣŪýͷöҲò˳
ֻȵһεĴܶԣҪ࣬ϾЩʵǹˣûѶѣҫĻһˣЩ֪Ӧ֮ʵЩҲֻܴظ
һʱ󣬰ҫ̤ɳ̲֮ϣʱ˿̣ǵʮ֮һȻȷһҲоյĹһأչأ½


ʮ 뱩ŭָУ
һٶܵĲŶʮһһˣ
һ֮ϣֲһаЦԶ̲½¼Ĵֻ֮ʮ㡣
װ⣬Ŷ󣬸ϴ˼ȦװϳǵʵʲôʸӢһȥһӢӳߣһǵɵ֮ɫвÿѵ
ƲƲ죬ƺеӲһ죬СԹţ磬ϴΪʲôҪ˻ôԶϴ˵Ӧûʲô̫òŶ԰
㲻ϴΪնϵǷ飬Ϊ飬Ҫħˣ˫ĿˣУֻ˵Ĵڣǰҫˡ
ҫɳ̲֮ϣƽƽ棬ҲûʲôرģֻԴ´ָ֮оһֱüͷţԽ
һ£ָͻȻڡ
˻ͷָУɻĿ⣬ҫʵôָУƺ̫ãδô
ǣҸоƺˣ󷨣ʱȲҪ̽һ£ָлһ䣬˶ڶˣһָоԵĻȨϾרҵġ
޼Ǭ跨ʥͫ
ָһָüģһ͸˫Ŀ۰ױȾɵ֮ɫ˵Ʊü˫ĿɨܣгֵĻɽɫ˿߹ճ״磬ɫ״Уָпһ˿ĲѰ
ԭˣǲֻˣһͨ󷨣ָҡͷЦ˵
鷳ôҫüʵʶ߾裬ָжһεɫôǰľƱȻֹ۵ȥ
ָһЦڵǺ鷳Ƿǳ鷳ȣһϵУΪó󷨣Ҫȥ汦ڵĹµֲò죬ôͱȻҪУҲ˵ûνƵػص˵Ҫӱܸܡ
Ȼǳ֣ʮСͨУȻֻമһҲ˵Ҫǳ鷳ҪʮۣȻҪȥ۲ܳɹ󡣡
Ⱥ˳ңĻ۲ƣ۱޸ȽʮƳ۱޵еĴڣҪǣ۵λҲòǺ
󷨣Ȼ֮ǵ󷨣ĻһǵϾͻǿĹֱڶûܵĻôֻһֿԣ󷨵ĹʽԵģǾԵģҲ˵󣡡
Ŷҫ˵ͷҲͬ˵ͷָж˶Ƥڵǲ˵ʵҲ˵ôֱ࣬Ӹôȥˣ԰ɣ
һ䣬˵Դͺ˵ƵģָͣƲƲ죬һα飬һּεĿǿڵ㣬˵ʵڵڵľƲûпȥôãĹʽЩԵĹʽ鷳ҪǣǾ㱻˶֪ô¡
ʲô취ôҶĿʵ
źûֱӵֶνзҵа취һ£ָ˫һϣ껭Բֿ֮ɫҫ˵ڡ
ܵʱҲڵǣмǣĹʽǾԵģҲ˵ǺпֻܻþþԼݾҪԼıˡ
µģҲźģ֮κοԶУҽ黹ǵжĺãɱָһһɳ̲ϻͼΣƺʮ۵λͼ
˾۾ĿָлͼʱԶһҴֻװϴʮˣ֮ΪһֺĹӸŰҫָָ㣬漴ַЦŵĺܣһһĶͷ
ιǼĸɵģｼôҪǺ²룬͸űүүߣǰС˸үһ£ӸҫǰԴŵ˫ĿֱĶţгЦ
ҫ㶣ͬʱתͷӸ磬Ǳ䵽˼£һɭȻޱȵɱӸʮˣȻǶŭˡ
ָУⲻ˵ĻþɣҲ̫˰ɣҶץץԴָָӸ磬ʵ
˵أ𣿡ָͷҲ̧Ļص
ǾͺðˣҶһЦ˫Ŀ΢΢ϲ˲ɭֻһ¶ı飬ͬҫڶı飬ùӸ米쬵ģֱߵˡ
󣬰ҫϵĻҳ˵Ѿͷ˵ɣôã
Ӹ翪ʼˣ˫ȶɸҪǻһ˿΢İ֧ţڵˣҫչֳʵֲѣŰʱ䣬ԼڣԼʮһʥ۷ѲҰܵԷ͸ƵĽ׾ٵĻܣҳֵҲֻ˰ˡ
ǣʲôҸ㣬ҿħűֱϵѪҪǸҶһëħűȻ׷ɱǵĺǣݣҶүү֮أӸĭɣɫŰҫ˴е
ħűħűǲǷĶҲ㵱ǽΰҶĿűǿףһĲм֮ɫ
˵ħűˣٺòͰһֵյϢҫ¶һּΪɭЦݣ˫ָž룬һһŹӸȥ
ηСħű֮ˣɣһŭȺƴը죬ҫͬʱŤͷȥԶ֮ϣһ̤˶УɷıȻ߲ơ
Ӹۼˣϲ⣬߳ϣЩңħűԶڮ٣ϳֽǺݺݳͽ䣡
ӷģϷǣСħűˣվͷһСʹ룡
Ϲ賳ˣҶûͼˣ
ָŭˣڻͼʱͱҪȫעһķģ֮ǰ򶷵ҲͰˣԼܳܣӵĺʵĹ֣ȫûа취о
ǣŭˣһǼŭ֣ڱ֮Ȼӵĺ˹ȥҫ˶һ
ָ׶һԾգѵǰٶȿӸ޷ӦӦʱָǰŵûҧͷʱһǿҵĿ־дͷԼһ£ûʶԷͷѽ
һֱֻӵļֻоϷ·һɽأûļĸϡãֲֿƾǿѹ֮£ӱֱ׹亣׶ߵľˡ
ģǷξ͵Сʹ룬´Σͷ㣬棬ʲôûӰӸøȥָһ֮󣬻صɳֳ̲ǹӸƿڴһĶŭɫŵùӸһŤͷܡ
ҫ˶ˣ˴֮ʶȻΪֵܣָеԸһʱ仹û͸ʱ˵֪һ㣬ǧ򲻿ָµʱĻᱩߡ
ҫħűҲгԹôһʵҲǴͷ
ǣһֵܣв֮ģҫ΢ЦҡͷԺֳǵӰԼǶȭ
ҫеֵܣʱ汦µеһɽ˹Ϣ˭ǳ°


ʮ ħӢƣ
ˣʮ۵λˣǱ·һʮùֹ֣һʱ䣬ָ㽫ͼλϡ
һʱܷƽ˾ҫûзһ˿춯Ƥգļ٣Ϊ֮ǰе㱻ŵˣָеԸ񷴲ʵ̫ˣ԰ҫ˵ͦʵġ
ָУҲۣǾپеۣҲõİɣڵ۵ϵʵڹ΢룬пǣһȫ¹һСĽҲõ˴ҵͬ
ʵһ뷨˵ܼӿҵ۵ķλҫϸһ΢Ц
ʲô취ͬ
ܼ򵥰˶ҫһָĪЦݣ˲ԣΨһƺ֪ʲôչһЦ
ҫ磬ָǸһɣ΢Ц
ѾͷһͷԵİ춼ز񣡡ҫ΢΢һЦǰĸ˸ԴˬЦֻˬˣҶġָСԴĺߣͬʱָǡ
ûʱΣ˵취ᵽҶһҪɱ˵ģһĺ˪֮ɫŰҫ˵١ָҲͬɫԾӸµ񿴵İҫëֱ
ʵܼ򵥣ǾǸӸƢԣ۸ˣϢô
᣿
ˣѽ
С١߳ϾϮģڰҫȥһӣ֮ǰҫ˵ĹӸִʮ˺ƺƵĻصԭأǰһŮУһģĿ꣬Žµʮ۵ͼΣ΢Ц
ǵģʦ֣ʱŵĺܣԭһҪһѣ˭֪ǲ飬͵ϮҸ߳ϣ¸߳ˣҲƴսɱһѪ·ǻϵģʦ˿ɶֱħűһҪץסݺݵĳͽǣǸͼҲɷ
Ӹӣϲҫ˵ʮ⣬Լ˵ɴȻֻĭɣ˵ԣΧ˶ȴ¶һĿ⣬λʦ֣ԼʦߵһһŮ
ˣ
죡
ǴʦߵһһŮͬʱȵ쳣ŵùӸһӣͷվһԣҴ֪ǰħűеݣֱϵѪҪߡ
пʲôôʦһֱָµͼβţʵλòŮӣüͷ˳˼֮С
ͼε״ԿڵĵλܹʮյĵηֲӦĳֱȽҪĵطֵһ̽üչڻص
᲻壡ʦߵĸߴӣһľȻĿڵ
ųԣʦ΢΢һЦ˵ͷȻ׿дһϸ΢춯ʦ˫ĿһƲһϸɳУ漴Ȼ˦֣еϸɳΪһεĹѸײڶ֮Ƽ֮С
ʦһգۼȥʮľǰֿһʮ׵ıֱͨƻ侪ˣɼλħűĴʦ֣ʵڰҫеκһ֮£ʦֵĹƳһӰ
η󱲣ͷ¶βҹ
һŭȣʦߵߴӣǵӰֵһ˲ŷɴ֮ܶȫȣתԺ׵ľ룬˫һ˫ȭͬʱȭѹϢޱȣʵ֮ǿԶ
еһɽһɽߣߴǿǿӣĿ꣬ȻҪѷһڸߴӺųɹµһʱԷҲһɼ产˵Ļ𾢡
ߴһ֮ɫӶԷ¿ԿݹԼضãɹѳȻûջصģ壬ֻοߴֻǾ㵶Էùûһ˵ֻȥûջء
ӰЦһ˫˳ƺߴ˫ȭһԣǿĻֱӷѹߴӵȭҽǸߴӷɳ̲֮ϣ׶ߵɳײһʮֱһ׵ɳӣ˫ʵߵһĿȻ
ù㣡ۼǸߴӲǶԷһ֮ʦеսҲԷĺսȼһٶȱǸߴӿһ࣬Ӱصһºһƣѹ£Ҳʾ𾢲֮ǰңͬһƺʦչӲƴ
ƾգ罾Ӧûʦа롣
ڶԷǿƾ֮£ʦֱ˳ʮ֮ԶӰǱһף˫ʵƴƽ֣ΪʦڿУ޴ӽ˵Զһס
ʦ֣֮ǰҵȵĶˣʦΪӸΧסˣָŶԷȵֻڶԷĿ£ָ̧һӣأôʦһɸֵҡҡͷ
С١Ļ졤ҫʶҲ㱻ѵ˿һߣзִ磡
ʦֶŹӸ˰ֻ֣Ȼ˿һԣûǰӰǰҫ֮û߾ڵӸ
ҫӢĴʦ֣Ǹ߸𣬱ȭҾڵ̨֪ôƺ
ħűʦͬòĶŰҫȭ
ҫ΢Цͷ֮£ǰʵԲԼ֮£ħűӴ࣬ҲٱȻһ֣ǰʵȻҪǿ֪ٱȻһϵġ
ԭǰҫѹһҺ£֮ߣ֮ǰҫһܵĸߴӣҫֻ˫ۻϢȣ֮ǰһûи̫ơ
֪ţҫ΢Цʵ
ħűףߴӱȭ˵һްĸ⣬ԼӴͣʮ㡣
ҫʵô׵ıλֳ᲻̫Ϸһѽ
ʱһˣŴ󷽣˿٣òֻѷһֵļŮӴȺ߳һ΢ЦĿŰҫ˵ĻҲǻлҫ治ԣȴ̾ԷĲǣԼҲӦ֮
֪ɷ֪ҫ΢΢һЦȭһ
ħű
ҫ΢ЦͷʼڲϣԵüţǿףһ޺׺͸УȻҲֻǱ棬ҫʵ˿ĿҲᣬ֮пҲͺƥ֮е˵Ӱҫ˳֮󣬶о䲻ʵ
ڽеһҲԺ֮սֻʤܣԻ͵һսҫҲ¡
һǰ֮²һһ֮ڵƽһʡ֮ڵӴԺ󱻽ΪħӢͷ֮ʢǲضãǡƽһиǰ
ûʲôϷϷģҲֻ뿴ֵв֮ħű׳ʲô˲ţ뿴ħűһǲĶôϣҫ΢Ц˵֮оƳ֮⣬ħűĵһ죬ŰҫŭĿӣɱˣҫѾ⽴ˡ
ŶˣûʧɣЦһ˫Ƴҫҫ΢Цͣ
ҫ΢΢ҡͷǸ߸𣬿ڵ᲻ʧǾҪˣ


ʮ 
һ䣬ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢һӰһֻգ֮ǰһƵб£쳣ңֺֿݣûΪŮӶ顣
𿴶һŮ֮׶ʵȻһȣֻ׼ҫĵƹ켣һϣһɺˮᾢҫĵжһԣһŤƺƾͣأһŮӾȻܺ͵
ˮƣ˳ˮۣ
Զ򣬰ҫÿɷĹ˹ǣһ˳ƺ˵ƶԺ䣬ʮ׿⣬ȺסҫǺñڵһ㵹ɶˡ
ʵҫĿѾﵽˣʱֻǽԼƾ֮£ԼߡۼҫٿշˣҪأȴֹֻܷ߷߲ƽĿŰҫߡ
ħű콾ֻʵǾ̫ʧˣһ£ͲкˣǵֵȥհɣҫηˣһЦݣʧǰ
׺ݺݵҧҧһ֮ɫͷѯΪβȻԼأһĿһ۰ҫ˵ķ򣬿ڵϵ⼤ŭǣôҡڵĳ䣬ȻĿĵģ
׵˵ͷü˵ѵô裬ħű治ϡ
֪ԸҪС£ҾǺбҪ̽һ̽Լʮλûпȥô򵥣Ķ׵ļһصĿڵ
֪֮ǰеǸֵ˭ô˹ѹסҵѪҫĹ͸֮ǰһƶ˵ҲǺܲܵģʱ԰ҫеǸֵܣǡ
Ȼ˵ӦŹ£°ڻصֻǳ°ָճڣǰ˽üͷʱԼҲзݲ롣
ǼļأϢţ˵ӦŶԣɺ֪һֱϵѪѣħűҲ׷ɱȴʼûе֣ó°ʮ£Ȼѧһգҫ˹ϵǰʼδġ
ֻǾҫôһֺ˶ʼСĽʱǵĵһȰѰҫµĵλͼѲһǵڸʲô
ܴҫôȫɱ©֮°ٺòһʰˡ
ֻΪȻҫֱ˵°ô°ȻҫһǺڰҫĶ£ס˵жһɷǳǿҵ
Ǿǽ°ץסնɱ£˵˼ʼһ˼ƫҲеƫϣ൱ģΪĹƣǻ˻˻һ־ϵƫҲǻþ
֮Уҫηɴ֮ϣ֮ǰԼΪѾﵽԼҪĿģ޷Ҳǵעע⵽ԼͬʱҲע⵽Լ
ںϵĿҪеĻҪħűҲ˰ҫףʼע죬ԼЩλˡ
ȻӴֵ飬Ǿ̽һ̽ǵʵ˵ʵڣħűȺ˳Ǹ⣬ҫ˭𣬵Ȼֻǳ֣ҫչսʤ˵Լֵܲһ֣ԼǱʤġ
ڰҫһ߽ɶһг˼֮ʱüͻȻһ͸ҫüأǰһô£һƽƽʯ˰ҫע⡣
ҫʯǰϸĶһ֮һƺ䣬ʯĳ˷ĩʯѵһ˲䣬һƷǳϸСеɺ壬ϢҫıϢ֮ڣһеķҫ˲޲
ʵֻǰҫûз֣Ҷġ١ָжûзһ˿ɺ֮Ĵڣںʯ֮󣬱Ѱһȥˡ
ҫһƻٵʯٵĵĿʯˣҫкƣʼûжչκεľ񹥻ʵֵĺܣǺаľǶɺٴûҫڣ漴һѣθУһš
ҫ΢΢üԼʣ˵ѣˣѾﵽ˰ٲĵزѣָоں׵³֣ҫвûиежԼκβ֮Уиӵɻ
֣ѵҶˣҫüͷ
ҫ
ҫȻһëȻһԲֵܳҫתܵľɫ·ˮһŤ仯Ĺ򣬰ҫѾһ֮ϡ
ҫòȻ˵ľȻûйΪʦһƬǺǣ
ʦ𡣡
ǰһüĿ׳ڶ΢Цͣҫ˫ͫһС㣬һëȻըǰҫ˾ҵǰǰҫɶʦɽ

Ѿͷߣסߣ߰
һ˺ѷεĶУǰһǳϵĵãһƬǽʯĿ꣬ǽϺ˵ʮŮ֪⵱Ҳ˰ҫˡ
ٵٶϳأǶһǽ֮ڡҶķ·ٹһ²צۣ̱һʯ֮¡ָйڣѪֹס£֪֫ԶϣһĲ˼龲ڵϡ
аҫʱͷɢĿһۣʥ²ƲǿıӰ󣬶ǰĲԶһڰɫĽ֮ϣŶˣаа񡯳޼
˵뱾ԣⱲӷĴ󣬲ˣûʸϵģ

ͽ˻ڤڣϷ˲ƤǣٴΪˣ
ðɣӦþָ˵ĻˣҲˣûնɱϹһÿԽֲˣϹǰɣǱүһΣǵĹƤ

ҶĵĶ˭ǾͲ˵ˣ¹Ҳûˣ˫˴αֱĳԷҶŭɶı飬ȻеŭѾ˶㣬Щ𣬲ԼȥԶµġ

ٶΪһΪȵһ飬ϸš
֪ǻ֪ǰһжǻþƬ̵֣ǰĲ輸輸ԵĹ٣ԶݣԼǰԼ΢ЦͣߣҲĸף֪һжǼٵģۿڵˮʵûֹסʲͣ
״ˡ

˽ͨ񶼴й磬ֵʧԼӵӰ죬ŵһ¾ϣִ̣У
һ޴ķ֮ͥڣ߸ϵķԼţ˫۱׳ĿסһʹӰӿÿһ˶һֲмԼĵɫڿһ
ɡܣؽҧ˫ĿѪǰ̵ķ٣ˣʦ𡮰ħĪơ

ָԴŽµʯüͷɣֽ漴̾һڵԭˣҾȻˣˣĽɣʦ֣
ָǰҫΨһûлˣ֮ûΪҪʯʱһǳϤߡ
Сʦܣʦֵ½ôɣٺ٣


ʮ ʦ֣ۣ
ʦ֣Դ뿪ɵڣҲʮ˰ɣôòôôҽҲ̫˰ɣָ΢Ц˵ǰһö̶˸ͣ
Сʦ˵ЦˣʦҵСϧĺأҪĻ»ᱻ㵱նɱģҿɴ򲻹ѽΪ˫޵ĵһţʦĸ¶氡
˸ͣԵ쳣٬벻мλŵĴʦָԼһβΪ֪£һֲ̫Ѻõ¡
֪ͺãʦٰǻһռڣôʦôָЦһ˫Ŀ΢΢񺮹磬һɺ˵ɱ⡣
ǺǣСʦܣ㲻ǲʲôˣʦٰǻ㣬ڵҲ㣬Դ㱻ʦ֮еһжģδֻλˣΪžľʮصõʲôСʦܣ㲻ʦƫƫеôʦֵĻ˶ʼ֮⣬ָеľ츳еһϰλŵĴʦ֣֮ͽ
ߣôСҲգʹҸҲ֮λҲӦòţֱһ㣬㲻֣ǾԶˣڵȻǳˣôָһ֮ɫ˵
ôʮ㣬СʦܣЩʱҪ̫߹Լʦֲ󣬿ɲΪ㣬Ҳ֪⣬εĿǸҫʦˬЦ˵⡣
ҲгԹָ΢΢üڵ
ȻûУ졤ҫѩѱʥŮɾ±㻹ҪǣҪǸгԹĻܻڣ˸ϴЩԨԴϴҲ´󣬾Ϊ˿һ˵ġ
ϴ󣡺ǺǣŵϯӶϱϴˣǶŵ氡ָɭһЦЦ
ٺ٣˸־˵ˣ뿪֮󣬱Ѹ£Ҹûаϵκ¶ֻöԼˣ԰ɣʦЦ
ǿʶһ£ʦȫȨʦ־ܣԹһ䣬һΪ飬Ȼ
ȻΣ
ɱޡ⣡
ָ˫ĿĶöģ±һʵʰɱ⣬ȻǶλʦֶɱġ
ѽСʦܣô֮³Ҫ˵ģڣӦҪúôУЩֵǺе㿸סһƲǵʶǻԶڻþ֮УΪһû˼Ļ˵أʦٴЦ֮е˼ѽ൱ˣָеʱ䲻ˡ
ָ΢΢üЦѹ߶߶û꣬ԭʱ䣬˵ʵڵģʦôŵҶƭˡʵûʲô֮֡
ֻһֻҪˣ󽫲ƣ֮԰ôĴҪۣΪʮСĴλʵͲǣʼֻһǾǴʦĵ֮û󡯣˵ûɣ
ҶһƣֳĬһûָԼҪȥĿʯʱһ˿ߣǾǰ֮ԭһҪ۱ƣôԼٶ⵽Ŷԣһ·ʲôûУָвòġ
ָ֪µĵĿʯʱʶٴι۲󷨣Ƿ⵱еǱڰԭԼˣˣʲôʮҪۣȫģԼݺݵİһ
Ҳ˵ЩҪȫǻӣڸ˻ľ񹥻Խ룬ĹԽֱӣֱȥĿʯ⡮û󡯵ĻŻ᳹ױ
֮ǰ̵ϻľ񹥻ƱȻ쳣ҫУܾȵǵҲֻԼָֻҳƽ֮ȥˡ
û࣬󡣹ʽ񹥻ɽе¿ʮŴ󣬴Ӷı˼άңпԶ뵽þж޷԰ΣһȴûжĻˡ
ûܶԣǳĶԣǣСʦʦֲò˵һ䣬ڲ֪һУ˵ɣƵ˴ôʦּ˵ٲȻһ޿ֵ
Ҫƴѣ۾У
Ǻǣô֪ô費Ҫʦָʾ
Ҫҵֵܸ˸ʣķʣǶõʾˣ
ָҫѱܸʲôʾ
ǣⲻʾô
ڶ˶Ի֮ʣԶһƬĺɱҽ漴϶һҵս¡
ֵ˵˶ð£ʦ֣һаָɭȻһЦаЦ
Ǻɱ·ûǱ¶ˣΪԽۻԽ֮˾ԽԽһɱǱⲻ˵ģҲǰҫ⡣
Щʱ˶ȷǴ󣬵Щʱ˶ҲңһȻͻмѭ¶ñ¶һЩ˵۵λá
Ǿ͵˴˵ɣôˣСʦܣһ䣬ɢΡ
ʦ֣бԶҪ¶棬ĻСʦҲֻðˣָеȻһƲ߶һ漴һɴֱܶǺɱķλ
ʱڵĵһɽУСʲô˶ĿֻһǾβᱦ¼аѺõڶأ޳Щʸһǹʹ߿ܵĲٿߣһ˱ָеĴʦˡ
Сʦܻǲʡİû費̫أ
Ϊʲôֱɱ
Сưɱ̫أҪûжֵĻ̫˵㣬СʦܽȻܳΪĶ֣츳Ȼܹ㣬ʵ˷أ
㣬һزµ󷨣ÿһƵɣ
ѽѽҪСҵ󷨺òãܻһΣԲһֱֵģŰɣڶأҸұ֤̭֮
ǵأ
ҾͲ֪ˣȥһ˵Ƕ˿ҸộвҲȥŪһЩʲôϡŹֵĶƱһأ
ˣߵѾɣôͻȥɣϴǱֵ֮ʣôУ߰ɣ
õģϴҫİҰʱ󷨳Ļԭȵļƻϲл˵Ĵڡ
ϴ뷨ȥ⣬ֻҪִо͹ˣ߰ɣ
ţ֮ǰҰѴĻúõ֣ٺ٣
㣡
ʦóһɫһһκөһɢ˷ȥ֮ϡ
ؿҫһҫǰüĿɽüֹ漴ͷ΢΢̾Ϣдһ޵ʧ֮⣬֪Լ˻ǰһʵĺܡ
һĸжãԼûʵһУˣ㹻ʵȥػԼҪػĶЩ飬Ļزˣɽǰҫ¼ˣΪһ֮⣬ûȥػԼӵеһС
ҫǰɽ΢΢һЦȭһ񣬿ڵʦ𣬵ӷģЩһܲˣа֮ҲҪµظȥаϢɣ
һ䣬ҫһӣһɢȥָܻ


ʮһ ϣԵˣ
ʱʮÿһ϶һ춯صĴսÿһ󷨶ͬ󷨵Ҳǳ΢Ŀһĳ̶ϣڹȥڹѣڸպܹ۷ĳ̶ȡ
Ȼڴʦֶ԰ҫչˣʮҪѶȸϺüϾ
ҫڵѾַǷԽԽĺɱҲԤʾţ̶ǵԽԽ࣬ͬҲԤʾȫµġûж¡
ӷΧ˵Ѿǿ۲Ż⵽ˣķΧѾ˾ųɾŵĵǵֻ֣Ҫ˵ǵǰǧ׾ͻУЩԵԽԽ£˻֮һӾ˶֮С
ȻһЩг˵ȻܵκεӰ죬񾳵߶ܾһ̶ȵİѿأһĶһЩȽϸߵ󷨣󷨶˵ͬ裬ȫû߱κεӰ졣
⵱ҲɽׯУǰĻһţܵ£һʵǽѽԼʮ˸ı
Լλҳ˰ҫڵĵ֮ϣһ´ԶԶľˣĺɱΪ֮һ㶣漴΢Цҡͷ
״ˣЩΪ񣡡ɳ̲ʮ˷˷ƵĲֵһɱеǲ졣
˻춼ڻ֮£ûг񾳵ΪȻܽеηŴʮϣЩѾȫˣڷԼ¿ԲŻ뵽˷ɱ¾֮Сڽ͵
״ˣǰҫǡɵ
ȻˣȥƣܰһѾ;ǣǣҫʱ㣬һҪôڵҲֻܵͷǡ
ԴԼҫ˵֮󣬺߾ͳֳһҪҫ˽õ̬ȣԼҳǴΪ⡣
˵ʵڵģҫ츳ڽҲͷɽׯ˵ҲʲôҪòɽɫжһ˿ʼ֮
ΪʲôҪ԰ҫӣΪ֪һЩ֪飬˵ҫݣԼصǶԶһħŰ׼ֱϵѪħĵĵӣֻҪ佻ãɽׯɻڴָտɴ㺣뷨
Ϊʲôû˵ưҫݣΪ˾Ǹǰڰٻ֮ǰ֪ͨа׼ؾݵˣ֪ҫĴڡ
ͬʱ͵ȥ˼ƽеĳһɣԵҫҪӦýǰ׼˵ݹɽׯ֮һ
ؿҫߣеһˣȻ֮ǰĻþӰ첻СļʯʹźҲڻþ֮ڣҫֻػԼӵĶѣǳļ򵥣ȴҲѣԼҲĸá
ҫ֮󣬿ʼѰˣʣʯԶ֮ϻԼһʯͼˣɵӶ֪ʯйŹ֣ǻɵӶˣһ˼ƶ̶˼Ƴҫҵˣ֮ı㡣
ҫҪȥķҶĸ򣬱Ͼ̣ȻǵһϣȻλֱ١ָСˣɵҫҵҶʱǰе㲻֪ΪҶڸƴ
ǻû취н⿪ѶԷɻеĵˣǱҪʧȥʶУҫа룬ҲֻܽǴ֮㡣
УҶǳ޼ŭɶҪΪҫ𣬶ҶĵڤϣߺԼȻڰҫϣԼֱٺòġ
ʵﶼ֪ԼǰһֻǻþѣʵĳԼǵһӦֻ뵽þ֮Уʱһͻݻþ֪ӽڻþ֮С
ҫϣҪƷֻһ㣬ҶʵȻö˵һоŵϺţҪԸһѾܲˣҪͬʱԸǾ͸ӳˡ
üһƽ￴Ƕ֣ûоôֱˣ󣬼ֱǿĲ񻰣ѾͷҶĵʵʲôʱ򾫽ֵزˣǷֲˣҫаֻ˱ƵемˣҶչֳʵίʵС
ҶṦĲ˼飬צѸָͣǺ쳣ҫУǳĺܡİǿ쵽Ӱҹ켣ƮжҪ
ҫʵѳƵ֧׾òǱаȥ϶ûûˣ˺ģ֣ɼʹˣҫ˶ϣķԲһƬǽ壬þ񽣽˸˹ȥ
ˣѾͷҶĶ뵽˻þ֮Уһʵֻӵ߰˳ңҪѵ״̬£ֳϴ򣬻治ʤҫһߴŴһ߿ŵػڵĶˣš
ҫպҪȥţԼþһ֮ҫͷһָУй٣Լٲŵ
Ҳ⿪þˣˣָΪʲôлʱûѣҫ΢΢񣬿һۻԵȻǱ˸ˣ漴һʵ
Ŷġ
ָнԼ߷һУԼǰ򵥵һߣҫ֮˵ͷҲû˵ʲôǹܸһдӻþͦģҲԸ˵ʲôҫҲöʡ
ʲôȻԼȥĸףΪٵĹҫеƣһűһʦű𣬲˶٣еźԼζھ˳뿴ģ¿ȻԼصˡ
ǶƽķҲǼΪƣǾõŵ£źѾȥδĵ·ҪǰֻŹȥȥδôҲߵͷˣҲǰҫٹͬ򵽵һ
ָУ٣㲻ܳ˺ܶôҫʵָҲͬʱ˵ͷ
˶ˣȻļԶǱӵԼŭͣĺɱײĺָ˷һԽԽࡣ
ǵǵ˺ԽԽˣȥǶһȺں֮ڰˣҪǾȥ⡮û󡯵۸ˣʱϵԽԽָгص
±ǣȥ󣡡ȿڵ
Ҷġ˻ԣҫȻܴȥĻʩչֽţʱԶʱĺɱҲܽ˵£йٱҲܷĵĶࡣ
ǰҫָҲʱ䣬˼㶯ˣָ֮ͨǰĶλ۵ķλڿĵɽȱԵȥΧܹ㣬ǰҫָл׾ٵҵˡ
ָУ֮ǰ˵ûܹ¼ĶͨþķʽŴʮ϶԰ɣ
ţû
Ⱥһµʲô𣿡
֪
ڰҫָǰĻһƬѪȺ֮ɫ涼ȾѪ֮ɫƬƽԭ֮ϣһɶߵѪʯĿ
ĿǣѪʯµƽԭϣסޱѪɱ¾


ʮ ڣ岻ͣ
ǰⳡɱ¾ʢ翴ðҫֱüֳϣħűֻռķ֮һ˶Ǻǵ˻ս׳ֻۣǡ
ֻ˵Ĳûʲô֣֮Ǽ˾ɱȫûʲôӪ֣֮˶ƵģɱԼܿˣУʵħӢſ˰ҫָеע⡣
һŮӽߣϵ磬ףתȥڵĶ֣ӢˬĽ˳׵ֲָ˼ˮһء
һ䣬üĿǱãƷڣƺñȺһ಻ѭݣͣñȺξһ磬ҫһˣĹǡ
һߴ׳оųңǰҹɷеĽɷͣ¸ڼ֮УȭϥǣظһẠ̇˾һɱ¾һɺ˵ɱϵˣ·ٹһҲ̶á
һҫָעһۣɮɮˣɮ˿ȥͨ˫Ŀɫ˿ס⣬Ҳûʲôֳ֮Ψһһûгֵˣûһܹνƽмƽ
ħӢǰʵڰҫ֮£ɴʱޱȣƽԭܵв˼ս֮УٲȻһʰơ
ҿȥˣֻûû˷ʱ䣬һϰɣҫָпڵ
ǿѪʯӦþˣֻҪȥ󣬲ôôȥָüڵ
󷨵ĴмңȥǣסǣΪ㿪·ҫ΢Ц
ָü⣬˼һҡҡͷڵˣǣסǣŶԣ۾ǰֻҪپͿˣ޹󷨸ߵͣ˵ǿܶ࣬㶯ȻȲʤȯ
ҫϸһ󣬾ڵǺãԼСģоߣҪңа취
ָͷһȣҫĹид˵ͷ΢ЦӦͬʱ˹һԾ𣬾紵һɳʯƺòˡ
ֵܣԼСˣ
ҫ˫Ŀһɣ棬һȺһֱڵȥ𾢺ɨ֮£ǿĳǰûһȥ·գ֮ײɶʮˣָֿ֮ͣжһ
ҫһǿһμǿһΣκϴӲƴһʱǿˣһﵽôģ츳Ҳ̫˵ɣָа̽ǰҫǿŵˣԵƣָд˲ĥļ䡣
ҫȷʵǿˣǸл֮ǰԼҪǿ߳ңȥûж٣ν߳ʵ൱ڰҫʮҵĹʵݡ
ҫ֮ԻôĽΪнþ֮ľΪһڣﵽڵΪʱİҫ²ܴʤ۷֣ʵȻͬն
ҫȥƲ͸࣬ȵѹͭǽһ㣬һּΪֶνǰЩνĸָײɳȥƿŵ
ȻڳҲû˰ҫڰҫ񱼳ҵľʱǿȺμһĽâŰҫкޱȣƱڲϢǿҫҲòֹסŲ

ýŮӣֻ˫Ŀɺ죬һҧгݵ׺ģøһ㣬ɱҫ
ҫǸ߸𣬵һȦԲתţ˵ķ籩ǳͼΣŮӵĽâжһɶֲմǿľǽŮ˴ɵ
Ųƣ
ָУ֮ǰˮһӣھͳȫ㣬ûǰúȣҫˬһЦֱȥ
ȥģУָбҫ˵쵽ӸƤͱҫôһ˵޵ݵĸо
ɾָһ˲䣬ǳĺһƬͷϣâǵص䣬ָе·ÿһâһɼ产˵ϵէ֮··׽һ㾪ޱȡ
ϵ罣أ
â׸յͣϵ罣ϵ񽣡ָ꣡аϵĶûϰ֣˫ƻԾͭǽۣһԲһ壬ϵ罣â޷֡
ңƪǬ
ָصù̩ɽŮδ߾âʼ޷ưֻ֣˫Ŀ쳣Ѫ죬һҧѪһϵʩչ˼ޣָ죬âֱ֮ϣƴ
ϵʮɹ
Ѿͷ׿ʲôþҪƴĸо¶һǲˣԡֻʺϹáǰ˷ˣָбŵòᣬԷֿ񣬴вɱĲݵĸоɱűŭôָв
ָбˣǱ߰ҫֺγǣڰҫŮӶָ֮󣬲ŲϢʱ䣬ǰ߱ʵʵҫΪ㵣ԭԼ͹ŮӵʵпʼԥҪҪ۷ָһѡ
Ҫͣ壬ܸ㶨ָеҫĶУҫʶĻͷһۣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷҫҲֻ̾ϢһͷӦ
ָд֮ŮӵĹֻһϢ֮ת˲²ĵزǧ˿Ʈ裬Ůӵһȣ£񱩵ϵıֱָжȥ
ϵ罣ʽϵٱ
˵ʱʱ죬ϵ罣âת˲ѵǰָҲԴУתǰСһĽɫΣͷεɫͼ֣˵Ʊ쳣
һ£ɣεɫǿȻԷϵ罣âίʵԶڳ̵İҫ΢΢һ٣Եе㾪ȡ
תǣʮתʮɹ
ָֻգ֮㽫ʮɣƣƥ³ʱҪǿɱϣ˫һƻУ·ؼһŮδ߾ʼ޷ָеķ֮ơ
ǰ˷ߵغ񣡡
ָȻһЦ˫һɢŮӵϵ˳ָУָһ뻳һŮӺ󾱣Σסͷĸϻ
Сһֱ񣬻濴ۣʵ֮ǿҲѷɫѵǰҵʵҲȴݶͲɣ
ҫɿ岻ͣ˼Ŀָһۣƺ˰ҫ뷨§Ůʼ磬¶һ޹ı˵ҲˣҫȻһ㶣һа֮Уˡ
ڰҫ֮䣬ǰһƬѪɽɣ׵Ӿһţ˺һֻĴ⬿;ֻҪ޲ѪƼ׺ݡ
ҫ۽ͷһָУ¶һֶħЦݣֱָëƺҫʲôıƵģȻҫһŲƣӺݺ׷ɣµķλָеͷ
ѵǱӦָж˶Ƥ߶һҫƳһۺߣڲңСӣҷգͷʰ㣡
ҫͷʱû߼βٴͣסڶֹͣΣΪǰɮ˵סȥ·
ǿҫа롣


ʮ սӢ
ǿҫһȻĿǰɮˣһҲ˵ôסҫȥ·ҫһֲԽĸоо֡
ҫɮ˵ǳյʱҲûô֣϶ΧĹɴɵԿʵɲ⣬ΪЩҲûƫƫ֮ͱˣֳԵװҫǰδ
°ҫҪȥٵۣ·ҫȭһ񣬴߲øǰһ˻˵Ҫսһѹˡ
裬ȥɮôʼ򵥣΢΢˸ƣһʧ٣ȻǸ߰ҫԼûж⡣
лҫ˹ִ߼ӹɮҲҫ֮һ˫ƴһɼǿᾢЩʧȥǵǸƵƺҪҫ·
ȥѣһɮٴοڵʾҫ赣ָеİοһһȥ
ɮ˻һ䣬һתŲָߣʱָҪסѾԵŮӣҪӣ֮ǰĲƣʱӽ֣Ѿ·֮С
ָнڽڰ֮ʣɮ˸߸ԾһţֱӱģһŶ嵹ڵأǿľѾӸĲڽ£ûа취Ѱ֣һ˲ָж𺳵Ĳᡣ
֤񹦣һᣡ
ȻеĻҪǿҫа̾ɮûĻԼҪɮ˽֣ҪһֽŲɵġ
ҫջ˼ȻָްԼҲҪʲôˣٶٴμӿ켸ּȥ𾢸ƥָͨܵɾ̹׵ľʱǰƺξ˰һǰҪҫ׽¡
ҫһλһֱǰһ˳ƺ֮Уб֮£һʵһĻŰҫֱӽǰĺξ˸ͨ͸ȥƲ޴ͷҧסһ꽫ݺݵ׷˳ȥ
ƣɽ
˾ͽ֣Ȱҫ˴ҫһ۱Լ׷ɵӰ̾ûǰçĹٸ˾ͽңҲǰҫĹʱύµĺѡ
çĵشƫϣķΪȻͬʱ֮ĵرҲ˾ͽӧ˾ͽȡҲǴοʮڵĸָ׼εĲ֮С
ʮڸ֮ǰϵĹʹȻ費סȥ·֮ԻҫͬһϣҲΪҫѶϢŷ
ɺܲɵǣһϵŴʦֽת˼£˾ͽҵ˲߳׶ľ룬ͬµʮֶ˻Ǿʧһ·ɱ֮£ʶ֮£Ȼ˰ҫ
ʱ˾ͽҸֲѣҫ׷ɳ׶׵ľɶܵȺչɱ¾ҫ֮΢΢ҡͷܵԽԽ࣬˴дܳⳡս֮ٲֹֻ˴
ҫڳ̣һȣ񣬾񹦵ĵھת˲ʮɹ˫һչ𾢴߷ӿ𣬾纣Ϣȵľ罫ߵȺƷɣ΢ģֱӱյ˹ȥƺޱȡ
ƣޱߣ
ǰҫĻίʵ;ףѰָվȽŸҲΨվסǷ˷ħӢӢڵλѪʯ֮£ҫкҪǲ˻ܣû鱮ˡ
ҫĻͬʱɢɢֱ֮ҫȥҫ߸Ծ˫һϣ񹦷תҵĻ˲䱬ȫ¸˸㣬˺ƻһ㣬ݡ
һϢ֮䣬ҫľѾת£˺һСʮڱС̫𾢱ǿ⼸ֳˡ
𾢳˫ޱȣҫһԴ߱ƵȻǲ²죬һ׹˫ͬʱñʯһֻħӢȥ֮ˣίʵ
ƣٳǣ
ҫֲͣѹ˶е㴭Ȼ˼ݻþ֮УǵӽҫǵĵһУȻԴС
г֣ǰ߻ȭͺ䣬Ʊһȭͣ񱩺ˣ˫ƲֹƺҪƾʽҫĹơ
ֻ˶С˰ҫҫһǿĲ˼飬ٶȸǿǿľѹ֮£˵ʽȫҵƣգ֮ͻǰһĿĵĻӡǿľ˺ɳ֮⣬¶Ѫ׹֮˹ȥ
ڵİҫǿ̾Ϊֹͬڼе֣Ӣ˲˱ҫһ֮£߽սֻʣǿĺ
ҫһвûΪɶö֣ɴǿ׵Ļ𾢺һŭȣԾһ溮ޱȵӿҫҾγĶԱȣ˫˳ƺй֮ǿҫҲ˿ѷɫ
ߣ
Ժ֮£һһྡྷ쫷һϯķԶϰң֮֮ܿǱˣǱ壬ɾϯ֮£аϡ
˶˴˵ľ𿪣ҫֱʣݺݵ׹ڵ֮ϣҳһӣȥ൱ʵϻǰҫҪʤһϾٳ֮ٺģھϱȻ
Ǿ˾ɶ൱ɼڹϣҫҪռݲСƣһ٣ٴγű˴˳ȥ
ҫˮĿ˵ĹԽȻ෴ˮֻǰҫѻҵĺˣӹϾѾѹһͷϾľʽһʱ仹ĺռϷ硣
ֻȻҫʹռϷ磬ҲʼղڶʱڰºһҲ֪ôģڸտʼ֪Լ֮󣬾ȻƤҩƵճŰҫţʽض๥ƣǣΪҪðҫڲ鱮
ûҪ壬һѹҪ
ҫа룬ͬʱתѪԪ󷨡Ϊ˲۷壬ʱһ࣬˵Ļ𾢷纣һ˲ͱݺɡ
ʱĻ֮ͣʹܶδܵĸ£ҫҪɱ׾٣ֻڻиҪҪȥͣǾǻٱ
ҫ׹أ𾢻˫֮У֮£γһ˫ĻţҫһҾﵽմＴȼĳ̶ȣлһҾҫݺݺֱʯ֮ϡ
С
һʯһĺ𺣷ɢƬ㳡֣ߴɣһ࣬ߵѪʯֻһϢ֮ѱٳĩ
ʯһ˲䣬е߼㣬𽥻ָȻǻƣþʧļ
鷳Ǹ㶨ˣҫѪԪ󷨣Ȼ治٣Ϊˣ֮ǰľƵҲŵĺܣ˵ǧһҲ̲ݻ
Ͼžǰϣ
ûһۣϾûа²ǰҫͣ
ţǸʵһƾʵɲʱҾа壡
ɽ֮ϣ΢ЦĿɽ°ҫʯĩͬʱ¶һЦݡ


ʮ ձͬʱͻƣ
ҫһǾСʯ֮Ļ󳹵ױȫҫڵĹ㳡࣬ʯһ˲䣬˵ĻɱǸһ䣬Ȼֳȥܹ졣
ǳİڳȫԭһѾ񣬰ҫܹȷƽˡ
ֻһ˲ӻþصʵڳˣһ̵ʱ˼άϵĲӦҲν˼άհףͨ׵Ļ˵еԺҪʱӦþı仯
ҫʱ˿˴ľģ˲ʶʲôָпգƤ΢΢һ㶻е㿴̫ףһ̷Ӧ˹ֹסĵͷ
ָеĻظ֮󣬰ҫ˵ߵķɿ죬˾ͽңɺ߱ʮ˻סȻ𸮵ϵҫҲÿֻպһߵķɿ졣
ָǴŮͬٷɴܣڶ˸ߺ󲻾ãһ춯ص뾪񱬷֮֮ӱ֮ǰҫԺʱҪˡ
ҲǣӦֳ֮󣬷ֽʬƬҰѪɺӣԼֿͬʬĳЩɱ¾һ룬ԼıпԼֵܵУûüγˣνܡ
ǺƬƽԭϵȺֱŭба̾ΨûϲڰҫߵĿ죬ĻⳡҿԼᱻǣȥЩʧȥǵ˵ҫǵľˣ¶ûеɽֻᱻǨŭС
佲˵侲ˣٽҫôģڳҲô侲ıȽϿģок
ҫһļȥʱԵúʺɻֿ˿һѵʯĩԼ֮ǰֵĻķӦȻ뵽ʲô
ǰҫˣֻǶԷƺֻͣʲôˡҲܵӣϸһжһơ
ҪҫĹԼƣⳡ֮Լ˾Ѿûʣˣ϶õˣħűһȻƵˡ
ӦҪԼӦ֮Ŀܷ飬򣬵ƾԼһˣ˵Ǽ汦ˣµϲȥôҫǶĹͣþΪ£Լơ
̣κ̾Ǵ죬ںռ˰ҫĹ͸Լƽ˻󣬴Ӷ˵˵ʱ
һӣһĻĶߣ֮ʱòͣǲҲǣ˱ɮˣɮ˵ĻҲɻôˡ
˵ѣ㣡
֣־úֶ²֪ɮʲôǼȻڸǵĺܺãʦֵ೬һϵЩССɲ֪ħűȴ֪ĺܡ
ǰɮǧµɮˣǿһɮˣһ϶ſձйɮɮ֮ơ
ΪɮǧзǿֱĸɮԻᱻħһ⣬ɹȹħ֮ҵɮֻܹ˶ѣֱǿֱӡճӡձӡԵ˵ӡ
Ȼɹȹħ֮ң֢ٻеģ˲˵˵ձձ˫ĿϹ
ֻǿձ˫Ŀеɱǧ򱶱ɱ죬ֻ֮ҪıҪɱɱŮ٣ɱࡣ
ձһǿн֣Էö֣ձ˷ħ֮޷ѹɱһһ˵ؼУԱɱ˸ɸɾǿиǱٰƤļҡ
ձ֮ԭҪܱ߳УڿճԵʱϵ˺ѹ£ӡǧ½أǧµŷɸΪƳһαУס˫ۣѹɱ
ձһЩɱ¾ţҲЩһѪȵɱ¾ֶΣŻ˲Щƶ˶Լµӣձ档
ȻʲôȱǲȱЩаˣձڡ͡İ£ǹʢɱǿסˡ
ֻɱȻѹƣ˽ʱɲЩĽսߣǿ޵òĴĶԷ˽ǣûòȫϵһǰɱѿأɱɱסˣͷһ
ڿձĶٴֻζڿɽܵķΧû𹫷ʲôģϾձӲ£ȭ֮£ϹҲǺġ
ˣʱ˿̺ձŻΨΨŵŵԿձľ棬ķ֮ģʱֳĻҿܻҪкܾãձ̧֮ͷƽԭ󷽵ɽ֮أƺʲôΰεض𣬼Ծʧ١
ؿҫߣҫƽԭҷǰԶʮķΧνĵ˾ýŮˡ
ҫʱߵüûע⵽㣬ʱҫ˶ˣָоȻŮӿڼԼôôһҽͷӣҸŮѹկ˵֣ҫһ֮²ûȥ
ϸ룬ָеΪӦòֻ̰ͼɫĵͽӣŮӱȻĿģҫһҲ˵ʲô˼Ҳˣҫ˻ʱȻջ
ţߺûãˣֻ֮Ҳû˵ʲôֱӽ״̬ǶϢԽԽǿȻΪҪͻƵףָָҶĶˣڵ
ǰҶϥɢεɫȻ˹ҫһۣеĴʯǷһ롣
ҲǣԶ˵츳ҲԼ٣ľ־˵ҲǲȻԼܽ⿪þôǶȻҲܡ
һʯǹɻеˣΪ״̬Ƚ֣Σüͷͣ麹ͣƺһجΡ
ַӦҫҲҶʲôһԼŪɳ׾Ǿˣֻ˯ţ˵һҲˣ°ҫҲﲻʲôæֻܸ֮ǰʱ͵ʱˣ˻ԣҫҲֻܵˡ
ҶĶȻһ˫Ŀоתo˪澭ʱʮϣ˵Ϣֻһ˲һ产˵ĵزҫ˶һ˵ͬʱͻƣΪĻСء
һϢ𽥱ѹ£ƽȻ֮ǰȥ̫ѱĿơ
ҫ磡
ƽסϢڵһҫֱӾһˣҫĻн䱧ҫͻأͶͱŪе˵ʵڵĶҲһʱûˣôŪúոƵģŪİҫһ죬βѡ
Ѿͷôˣúְҫסһʵ
ûеҫˣôһɣ΢ЦصĻþҫһأڻصʵ֮󣬿İҫŻԵļ
˵ǰ̸˵ѵչһЩĸܺòãҶƳһ۰ҫһƵš
Сӣ㻰࣡ҫûĸҶһԹϱɦɦԴ΢΢һɵЦͣڵβأΪ۷ˣ
ѾͷҲ̫࿩ҫ΢ЦͷͬʱֿŰҫֱһЦǳˡ
ôǾҿһɤ΢΢һŤͷȥԭָдŮӣѹˡ


ʮ ܶ꣡ڣ
λҵȲ޶⣬ֻ֮ǰҫûĵָһۣ߾ȻƲԴװ£΢εıȭڡ
Ůڰҫû˵֮ʣ˰ִ϶ҫĻ΢Цûýţгʶ֮ǰ˻ϵĶûһ䣬ûҵѨҲûңӦòǻˣǾҶô
ҫ΢΢һ㶵˵ͷŶԷһôİˣΪŮӿ϶󳳴֣ʹȫһû뵽ԷȻ侲쳣ּΪðҫг޲ѡ
СŮӣ꣬лλִˣŮӱȭָлŶˣΪŮȴѡôԵĽڹ꽭Ҳû˻ôȥ
Ůˣ֮Ͱˣҫȭ񣬿ڻص˵Ҳ٣ܽ˵ĻҲǴһء
˷飬СŮӼˣ֪ôƺ걧ȭǼƵмжӢ
հףһҫ֣ҫص
ԭǻ졤ҫԵأʦ˵һʱִħԳǲд°ڰҫԱ֮һȤһЦʵ
Ůʦ㣬ӦǷ߽ɣûȷд£ʱΣΪֻ·һҵͬЭ־ɳ֮·ѽܣҲСнɣҫ΢Ц˵ȲԼҲͶԷ˵нڣг޲ѣҫҲ˵кøд
ǫˣȻʦǾʶǾͽһСͺˣڰǰСÿɵŮأ΢Ц˵ֹţǫ񣬰ҫ˶øжҲӲ١
ҲĽˣ鳤㼸꣬дһأͽһ״ɣְɣҫ΢Ц
Сø˲ǣˣ״ҲΪǼ汦ʵ
ǣҫ˵ͷص
ãʦɢˣг̾͸λͬˣ֪ǿɷԸ⣿òʵԴ֮磬˵ͷûһ˷ԡ
û⣬Ҳûһ߻ҲиӦٺò
ҫһ䣬Ȼее㲻ԾܲȻĻͷһ΢ЦͷԼһ϶ǴոԼȻһ˿ɱ⣬ǿЦ
һĻԵеˣչֳԼؿһ棬ĵļΪͶΪ˵ֱֳλʿûѣδᣩܸоŮʱͺʵȴâнϾ
ҫƣ൱ƣŮ״̬εҪҪһԲϴֵĻԼҪˣҲԺ飬иҪҪҫȥŪǾָдĿġ
СӣڵˣҽŪҪĽͲ⣬Ӵҫ˵
Ӧ֪ҪɹµǱٴζɺģɿµƬ򣬼֮ϵ֮ˣκƬƯʮϢҵʱ䣬ᱻ֮ޣƾǵȥģָдص
˼˵ܰǶɹƬ׺֮򣿡ҫ
ϵ繦ҵӦûʲô⣡ָлص
㻹ͦడΪʲô󷨣ҫ¶֮ɫһָУʵ
ƤëƬòϣٶʵ̫죬ָֻƳһ۰ҫһĶˣ֪ƨĽɫİҫһҪĳ嶯
ðɣⷽмңģ㲻Ǳɽֻ̿ϵŶҫ΢΢һЦָеļͬҲдһ仰Ҫ˵ʧĻǷ¶С
ָһЦֹסĵͷ֮ҫٴҶģԼ˶ʾûҵרָмȻ뵽ӣȻг
ˣȻտڲ̸ԼĻþݣǰҫ˶Ĺûм֣ĸжһѡ
˸깵ͨ£˵񶼼ڰҫϣһ񣬿İҫͷߣôôоԼƵģֻܺƤ顣
Ӧļʹ죬˵ҪҫĶ飬ͬһͬһ·ȻҪȻ˵£Ҳһ
˵ʵڵҲԲӦҫϾμ˴֮仹ûôϤԼĹָе֮ĺʱ׵˵ľָУΣǿ϶ģжķǾҪ˵ʵˡ
ϾƬ֮ɲʲôĶ˵֮ǰλҪֱӷɹǵŷɵһͱ˸˵³Ŷ뷢ŵһƨŤͷܣҲ̤Ϻ벽
εĺ׺ʮֵĴ󣬵Ҳ٣ðҫĻ˵ҪྭһЩ˲ңһЩûģһЩ㹻̼ģҲͬҪԺʱŻζ
Ϊ¾߱һʱ˷һ⣬ǾǣûпõĴֻ㿴ҿεԸӣ֮ǰĴֻҲֻҪƵһ߷λ̾ͻᱻһҶûС
ҪιȥɣҫƵ
Ҳûа취һһľ˼Ŀڵ
УУ񷤲ι̣ܲס֮ྡྷֻҪһǾҪϵˣںû취ʩչָͷҡĸ˹Ƶģ
ô죬ѵҪιȥҲеģҲӾСˮˣҶƤ΢΢źһĲ
ƳһҶģ˵ѾеϢòãô˵Ҷıһ죬ԹԵվһԲ
ҫ֣޴еĻºԸæģ˷֮ʣһϤ
ŤͷһһȺ˳ڰҫ˵УĿĲüĿ΢Цͣӣ
ַ·Ȼеƣ΢΢ȣǳߵı֣ҫһˣ֮˶͸¶һ־ɫ
еʱڣȻֻǲǷǼ鼴ǾҪʼˣοԷһλ񾳵ߣɲðҫ˲ģ衣
ҫ磬ӦӦ䣡ҫɫգգۣƺܿҫ˼Դʾƾҫ
֣Ǽʱ꣬Ϊ·أ˷Ҫֳˣҫȭһ΢Ц
ҫ˵ﻰеĺ֮ڽֵܣֻҪܰϵģҫһ仰ǣ岻ݴǣִڰҫļϺһЦһ屡ģڵ
αҫа룬һתڵˣ֣ɷΪСһλǰ
ϷǷĸףŰҫӢۣյü棬ܺãźƵЦݣڵ
ҫȭ΢Цǰˣҫ֮Ͽȴ룺ϼһйŹ֡


ʮ кţʧ֮
˵ʵڵģ˻Ҫȥ߶ʱӹ죬ԼһС˳˾֮ܣʱȥǿڽɶЦ󷽣˵ʱİҫ
óԼĴֻƴװ֮󣬰ҫûûεİ׳ƺбƣۼֿ죬סѹסơ
˵ĺܣҫʲôãΨ㻹治֪Ǻǻÿζߵ޵ݣҪðҫ˫ʮ״ĻôｫҪ¿Ƕˣһ񶼵ʱġ
ҫΪʲôٴγ־Υ״̬ΪҴֻҴŵƷйֺ½ࡣ
Ϊ½ˣȻֻƷϵļŻӵе̬Ʒµͣû̬֮֡
óƷĴֻкšͨɫһֲ֪ɫ죬һֳǽĺظС
Լףߴʮף׿⣬ɱƽ״ں֮ϣ濴һɫǽϿ·һƽͷһ㣬ʽţҲѹְҫ״̬һʱ˶סˡ
кţеƷףȻ׾ƷĶԱƷ׻ǵ˵㣬ųıǾƷʵԾ͸˵ˣڲʩȫáҡһӦȫ
ˣ֮¼ܻ٣ǲ˵βƶѿطǺƶΪҴҪڲṹศɣ侫
ּĴǮδõҲһݵѰɶδӵһҲͳһʵϵĴŴɣǸʵӵС
Թʱкں֮ϣһѼһ㣬ƽֿߣ˷˳죬ҫڴڲ
ҶдӦľΪָŵʱϻ⣬ٶһ˼ҵףڰҫڴͷڲĶвŷ羰
ǰһһٰʮ͸Խܵĺ۵ףҫ棬ҲŰҫ֮̾һĵ֮ɫŰҫǸûģһ˿֮⡣
ҫôôȻܣ֮Աֳһе̬ΪģڶԷ֮ʱԼҲӷ¡
ҫ磬˵йŹ֣һʵ
ţֻһָоҵ񣬲ֻʶѣһֱֻλ߿λ߲ŻеǾηҫ΢Ц
᲻֪׼үݣԶ㾴ηмӰ˵ͷڻص
ųԣֻǣҲ˵£˵ǰ㣬ǻһ㣬ǵĻǾͱ¶ˣ˶ҵҪǱ¶ˣôеŬḶ֮һ棡ҫ΢Цص
Լ뽭Ѿ߹һλ㾪Ķǵ·̣ԼһжǿԼ˫ִģͷ汦ѧˡ
ٴٴμս񶷣ҫһ·ƾ̲εԸһһӡߵڣ졤ҫͷڽ죬ǰҫѪ
ʱ˷ǰ׼߹ӵݣôоųɾŵ˶˵ҫǿŻнյĳɾͣ˵Ŭ޹أǰҫ޷Ҳ뿴£պļƻҲ൱谭
ҫ簵дƻıŶ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬴һֽЦݣڵ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴չһЦϰԵԴڵʲô¶㣬ʱ죬ʱˣٸ㣡
ǰҫ磬ʱһҪһŶ΢ЦͷľĶǵ崺Цݣǣҫһ˲䶼ĳˣ͸Ŷˡ
ЦȻĶ֪ҫ¹ϵ֪ɾ£ɼʹˣеĶʻԽԽ
˷Ŀ˴˶һۣ˵ͷкһתȥ·ʱ΢΢Ҳǲɫ΢Цжռ֮⣬ֹסš
˵ˣҪõƻҪһһҫʲôݣ㶼ˣֻ˵ӵ㲻ӵеĶȴֱүˣ㵹ù
ʶƲһıӰжݺݵ˵Ǳľոס˻꣬еƻһȻӰҫΪУκԸ׼ҫΪУҲֻƶƻ
񣬺ðɣˣҫһи̾
Է¶񣬳˰Ľ֮⣬ôȻͲҪ˵ʲôˣһԵˣ²õĽԼҪеķˡ
ʵڰҫ֮⼸Ϊɫնļܲ඼ӽϰˣսҫǱҪսڿԱս
ԣҫڿǲǸøɴһĻŻպַǱҪԵսҪж٣ǰҫʲôˣÿӭЩǵսͿˣʱ˿ǰһ
ȣǸ֣Ƿ°ҫһΪ֮һ𣬺߸æջĿ⣬ԭԼȻıӰˣһ֮԰ΰ
ŶʧˣǸ״˴ϯǰҫǰȥ磡΢Ц˵
ҾڲŵʱŶҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ҫ֣Ǻ⣬ɷʾһʵҫ˼ǻл
֣ôƬ򱻾֮ϵ֮׸ǣκκʮϢϽԻ⵽׻Ǻ˲ʮ࣬Ȼûһ䣬δҲ̫˰ɣҫڻص˫Ŀֱǰ棬ǰĺһƬƽ˾Ŀ¡
ҫţҲûʲôģ֮ʧĻ͸ӷǵµô΢ЦصһĲΪȻҫеСˡ
ҫ΢΢һЦڻصеǣΪСĽã
ÿɷһЦ˵ͷ֮תȥȻûаѰҫĻһ£ҫҲûж˵ʲôԼһ˵ôǱ˵ˣϾﲻԼ˵ġ
ҫ㷢ôҲ̫˵ɣǰǳʮϢͻ⵽׻ģھȻһ㶯ûУ˵᲻ʲôè尡˵ָУߺҫ˵ԼǣҲҫıϡ
Ҳ£֮ȻɢȥǻãҪΪʲôʧǾҪСˣϣǺ߰ɣҫüصһǿҵļ¸Ȼ˫Ŀ΢΢Ķǰ
ֻǰҫһĸоߵָͬɫһĺ棬кϵĶֶǿҵļ¸УʵԽǿоԽֱӡ
ֱվ˫Ŀһ֮ŷԲǧڵһڰҫֱͫǰһЦĿڵѹһ·ƽ˾֪Ϊʲô֮ʧˣǵǱ
Ϊѻ죡ָƳһ۰ҫû˵
𣡡
һ춯ص֮ˣȻһʮ׶ߵľ֮ˣѹк


ʮ ޡڤ׻
ǰѹкţƼ֮ͣƵкŵĳ˵ɢķǿ϶ġ
Ȼƾһ˾ܽкķĻôЩֶԻؼˣʵǿһ̶ʱĳЩСֶЩ˵ֱһЦ
˵ǰˣкжʮܽ䳹׻⣬Ǿ仰ⷽʵһУǰӰкڷӶֱ˶ȥ
߰ɣȥ֣Ǽʶʶɽׯĸ֣׸ߵʲôϣҫȻһЦָͬʱͷһʧ١
кŵļװϣҫͬɽׯ۴ͷŲԶĶ˴ӭˣ˽Ƕ֣ĿȻ˵ĺܣǶ˵òһ
Ƕ˽ԣüĿ겻ҫҲ˶٣ϵЦݵţ˸еİǣü֮䵹߰˷Ӧãλֵܡ
һһң̤ˮжÿһԾԶ缲磬ṦףԾѹиԺһƣǿľѹ޴ӡȻָ˻ȥΪ֮Ͳȣһ־ܿʵС
˽Σ֮󣬷أĹѻصװ֮ϣһĵ֮ɫҫʱ̧̧°ͣĲС
УʲôʵʲôýģҶƳ˶һۣ
һ仰ñɫһָҶǺˣҲʸүĻñүôˣ
⼸λΪĿˣɳԲѷüͷĺǳһ漴תͷŰҫˣɫλЦˣС֪λຣ
ҫһ㶣δҲ̫һɣԼһԲѷȣôԼǸмΪ졣
ǰˣֵܳԲѷȣõǸǲŶԣҫȭһһ仰˶ɵˡ
㵽ʶʱɣǲ֪νֵܣүͷүԭˣһ̧°ָͣŰҫ˵
˶סˣļ廨ص˵Ŀⶼϣߵһ궼΢ŵ½ǡֻǰЩ˵ı仯ûиеʲô֮Ϊɣһֱû⵽ʲôͷΪҲᡣ
ڰҫ˫Ŀ΢΢еĺһɱⱩҪǰҫסǰᵽҶ˫ۼһıŭ֮ɫ
ˣ
һŭȣŵһ£ǰɨһİƣ˺üͷһǳʶȤ¹򲻸ҶԣΪԼĸ׶ŭ
ҹ£ҫͷǸһŭȣһŵòᣬȷɵһĿҫʧǻ졤ҫ
ޱе˵Ӱҫͷǿ׹ҫֶҲֻ˵ɾǹƥɵģɱ볬λ
ԼˣԼԶ߽ĻԺҪҫԼǱˣеĵ֮⣬ʼԽԽء
ҫЦе˵ͷйµľٶųһᾢס漴תڵǰ趯ŭֱڿһ㣬ҫҲСǼ֮ˣȻϣֶȹǰΣ˵ɣ
Ϸ޷ҫ壬ϷȮҫⲻˣǸĶŰҫȭҫæǰŶԷ⿪ڵǰˣֻ֮ܲĿڽǶѣǰϵģ
ҫϷ򡣡
𣡡
Ҫ֮ʣ֮ǰһٴ֮ǿ֮ǰǿϰٱһƿɢǿĳԲھųɵĴֻƷʣµһȴ˿Ҳкš
кŵļװϣһĿķҲû˼ȥܱʲôˣҲΣԹԵվĿԶǵӰ
˵ôˣ֮ʧһɶԭͷڸ˫Ŀ΢΢Цһ
ϻ
ҫüڵеȷֻϻһֻڲͬϻϻʮ౶ϻͨڰ䣬⻢ƾһ˴С¶⣬˫ͫīۼǣ׹绡ž죬Ƽ͡
ûϻͨϻϵ׹绡жϿӦǧޡڤ׻ɣһֵ΢Цڵ
ûڤ׻ˮʥϳƻ˫һϡУҲֻǲ֪һֻʲôݵġΪ͵Ŀһۣڵ
򵥣һ²֪ˣǰҵѹֵһϣͷ֣ҫһЦһɺȻܶ
Ҷġ١ָҲһЦϣԭܶҲ棬ȴָ˵˼֮󣬺ֻܹԹ£˵ʵڵģܶҲҫ˵Ӱ죬Ҫ䲢ս
ҫ׵壬̶̵ϢʱѺʮĺ棬ٶ֮֮ǰȣֱԱţĲ࣬Ŀɿڴ˵ٶҲֻϰֶѣҫͬʱϵڤ׻Ľ¡
ܣȻô죡֮ǰԲѷһŵľ
֪ˣƽΪԼеСɾ;մմϲӢƽһΪлƽһģʵǻԶǲ߱ƽһʵ
һգգĿŰҫֱȥҲûǽѵԼĺǣ˵Ҳʵ飬ҫ֮չֳʵԵݸۡ
ҫ߸Ծ𣬺ƻһԽ׻ͷֱ۸߸߾𣬵ֳɵ˵â͸һ࣬Ƶ˳ƶ䣬âɽ֮ƣһ磬׻ͷ­
գ
׻ͷʵһ㣬ҫĵâױ飬ǿѹ˺ɣ֮ʣҲͬʱչơ
֡ӥצԾ٣ݺύ磬ֻգ֮Ը׻ȫ¾֮һ塣
ֻǲιû˵Ĺܹ׻壬ֻ㱻ʵҲ˵˵ĹһЧöûС
𣡡
׻һƺݺĻ棬һ˲䣬˵׽·һ񱬷˶Ȼһǿ׾ɳʮ֮Զҫǡ
ϿȷˣҲǧ꼶ģҫһ΢Ц˵
ֹԵ޹һ壬ûʲô㣬޵ʱǿٱֹǿܣ鷳ٳ˵
ɣһҪûĻǳư޽϶㣡ҶĽüͷڵ
ʲôĿңֻҾǻҪעһͷϵǸǣƺӣָָǸ˵
δȻȸ¸ģñ֪ˣָٿ黭ɫճͣÿһ˵ϣγһöġ
ҫ磬ʲôôЦеʵ
ȻУԾǡһߴһ㣡


ʮ ҫĿģս׻
䣡
һ˻а׶ߣ˻֮УҶĺһڵһ㵹ɶ绡ƣǸҧгݵģƺڳżʹࡣ
ͷ۵Ҫб˾߳ҵ׾ֻ۲ˣڱ׻ԣĻǿȵ֮УҪһѽ̿ˣҶа̾Լֻںס
ոں֮ʣһ֮£һĵ绡ɾڴʱǰһˮͰ׽ӭŵ겻壬ҪȻֻʮɹӲ
ɾ׽һҵľʱһӰɴܵǰ˲ͣǿǣķ籩ˮ۳һ̫ͼΣ׽ͺ֮£Ȼ̫ͼκɢµ׾ԲΪݣӰ׾ٵĺɢ
Ųƣ
ҶĵһǰҫҫѾͬʱʩչͫʥ¶Ѿת˼ޣʱ˿̰ҫȻ۷״̬֮Уŵ˵һУƥеľʮˡ
ҫеǿܶడҶ֮˵
ҫ˵ͷڻصţȷǿ̬µĹǻԳܣøƴǣסҵ㣬ٰͬȼȥ
Ŷ취ãҫҲó˵ôͻȻôԭĿİһӻˮҶĴһֲаЦڵ
һΪ˵أҫ΢΢һЦҡҡͷڵ
ʲôղյģеǰɹͨҸƾ³Է̲ûôҪҪǽ˵ˣֲȥģԼΪֲͷϡҶʼ磬ڻص
û˵ôоôأҫһЦص
˵ܻܲʱ죬æأϿְ˵ʱѽаȭƶؼĵز
Ҳ֪ôģԴӻþ֮ɳܼ޹ԽԽǿˣʱʩչѾû˵һνƶʱǸն࣬Ȼȥֵܼ
ҫҶĶһۣ΢΢һЦٴɱ׻֮ǰ˵ĶԻȥƺеĪʵȴǴк塣
ҫΪʲôһȣǰһֵǰȥ̽ͷ׻ΪĿԵģ˿ȫܹ׼µġ
ĿһսõǰҫսҲûʲôֵܶˣսʱȻͬնҪ˴֮ΣҪһĥڣĥڵİ취սκλȥսǰֻ׻ǰҫ˵ĥʯ
ڶǰҫ˵Լյԭ˵ʵڵ뷨ȷͦյģҫջƬϱԼĵ
νָĲڤ׻ʣµĶʮУʮϵ޳һ֣ųɾŵڿҫ˵ֻ֣취ػعҫ׻սֱӵǵ
ڰҫ׻Ǹ췽ҹ̷е˵˸˽ĺܣ²ؼ߸߹̬ȣͲðҫס׻ΪԼ˴أôܻæ
ҫҲûָǣҫĿЩԼףΪԼ˲ס׻ôɾͿԳûϵˡ
Ͼֻ׻ûӴ󵽽ռĳ̶ȣ󺣣׻ҲͲ׺һڶѣܺеǿռñػضȥµ
ȻôǾͺˣҫҪ׻սôֱ·ػزˣʵҫúܣ׻·óôһطȻƾ˵֪ػضɹ׻ʮ׵ľʱˡ
Щײ֮֮ͨͨΪסɫ׻ȴǺɫģʱϢٶȸǿգۣǾ͸˵ˣֻúݡ
һϸĺɫɵһֻϣգ֮ܽԷ˺ҷʣһɴֻ⵽ʮɫĺ³Ȼǲö˵ʲôˡ
ǰҫĿˣҪ˵յȷô㣬Щ־ᶨΪԼ̽·Щδ֪Σȫ¶ӶԼʱгֵ׼ҫĿҲﵽˡ
ڤףԭ֮յܣΨڤڼ֮ܣǧҪУһ壬ԽĥΪ¶ᱨϣ׻Ŀұ죬ֻܵȥܣҪСˣָˮȵ
Ƭ֮֮ߣΪ״߻׵ǺֶΣ׻һǻƺɨǿľɽɨɳʮ׿⣬ȻûʲôˣҲɱɨѪڣ쳣ܡ
ޱǾͲοֻǧ׻ǸˮʥĻ֮ѴӦõжһ㣬Ǵһӣһëû˵ȥ˰ҶѽṦʩչ˼ޣɴ֮£׻дĹؽڲλ˸飬ɾû˵Էʵĺܡ
רһ㣬ҫʲô뷨ô
ٻ䣬ۼһڤͺҶĵıţҶٷֳƬƷһУһɫ˳ٵƬûһ߲ܣڤ׻˸һɶֲ档
fɱ֡ɫʺж
ҶĻͷһ۹٣еĸм֮ԱԭȱžͻѾӲĴ㣬˭֪ȣôܲж
ٽӹһڤ׺֮Ϣе鸡ʯһ˲䣬׻һ춯ص׹˫۱ֱҶٶȥ
ҶץٵļһżˮŹٷȥ׻ּٶȶ׷ϣṦ֮ߣ֮죬Ǻ
ҶĴŹȥ֮Ӱϣֵָһһ·й·һ˫ֿɨ׻Ƚţաһȥ׺ƥһǿ˺֮ʵʵڵĿ׺ǰȡ
ȭ܇
Ϸָ˫۳죬һɻƥĵɫָе˫֮ϣɲǼܷӿһǿľУܵĺˮǣָϣָзֺ£ˮɽͺ׻ı֮ϡ
꣡
𣡡
ָеĹ׻ͷһѹɨ֮£̼䱻ɳ׿⣬ؿ׻𣬶˵ǿ׻һëû˵ݷ޲ߡ
׻԰ҫ˵ĹԵúɵȻԼֻҪƾֻܽȷɣȻٴιƺҲͦģٺҲ壬׻ȥˣҫУ֪Ѷˡ
ҫ˷ɢ׻ܣһ֮ɫֻ׻ʵǿĹ֣Լ˿һ඼ûеõʲôʵԵĽչʱͷ׻ƺһֱ仯ͷϵǸɢһɹĺɫΡ
ɣѵҫǷŹĶǣԵĶߣ˵ҫ磬˵ֻ᲻ǡ
Ӧǰɣ


ʮ ǧ꣡ǿĵط
ڤ׻ôȻУ֮УˣÿһԼĿ֮ͬģÿһҲػȱ֮ڤ׻Ҳ⣬ֻ׻֮ǰû˷ְˣʱ˿̣Ǳҫ˸ˡ
ʱڤ׻ͷɢһĺڹ⣬ҫһ΢ЦĿǲ˸ͣĺڹ⡣
СģҪŴˣ񣡡ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢΢Ц
˵ͿˣĪЦô£ǷʲôȤôҶƳһ۰ҫڵ
ûͦȤģֻǻҪȷһ£ҫ΢Цص֮ʣ׻ļȻһɫâֱҫȥ
âļ죬ɰҫķӦҲһһ˲öâĺһ죬ҫˮʮ֮ߣһ׻ǿɲ
ɾʯһ˲䣬׻ԴһâûʧƳһͳеİҫâޣޱȣѸѵգ֮ѵҫǰͻı仯ҫûзӦһӾͱɳϰ⡣
ҫ磡һУæǰȥ鿴ҫơ
׻һе֣ױ޲ɢŹ١Ҷġָ˷˦׻֮˹ȻѾﵽϸµĵز⵹ʼδģۼױ޺ɨ˽Ṧʩչ£ܡ
ɾ˷֮ʱ׻һϵױһΪһӱö켣仯ˣױͬʱ˦𣬹ķʽȻһǽǶȴ˼ı仯˶ʱæ
һУСΪʲôһĪļ¸УͺʲôļûʩչҶ֮յĶһιզզľеû˵꣬һӾͱԼĻҭùǺ׻Ĺֱˡ
ѻ죬ұ죡ͷۣҶŭһ˭֪ôһ˲ķģ׻һӳɣǹ۾죬¡
û׻ĹֱˣĻķӦٶȣڱУʵӱƱ仯ûж׻ֻһױޣڤͬʱ˦켣ٶȡơٴα仯ǿ󣬰ҫ˲һмܵơ
ţڤ׻һнڤ׾ޡľңڤ֮Ϊŵױޣһ˦֮»žͬʱΧɱ产ˣ켣仯Ī⣬ֻҫǾѾмܲסˣôǵľƾͱеΣˣ
ԶкϵȻܽ⣬ҫ׻սͬʱ֪һЩҫǲ֪Ķпʼ
״ˣҪǰȥְɣһԵڵ
أȥﲻǣǵţǵʵҲʵϵİԽԽæʱˣΪԻ֣˰֣ڻص
Ҳֻܵ˵ͷ˿һߣж־Լе죬ϳɾôܸоԼӵ뷨ֻ˵ƣֲ֮УΪĶ
ؿս֮ϣٽ֮͵ĿȳһѪ֮ǰһȻ˵ˣ񣬱аȭ׷ǿʹҲû˵ĶأֻǱڵڤװǸ鷳˹
УͷȻûмףٲҳ㣬ȥǶҪꡣڵ
õģ֮ǰҫƺҵ׻ǻûüӡ֤⵽˹ûô㣡ٳصִļϣϢָ
٣ݵж󣡡ĿϢ˵
Ӧһǧϣüڵ
ˣԭǹһж˵Ӧһϲͨ뿪֮ʣʦиҴһЩ֪ʶǧÿǧһ׶Σһ׶ξǽܻΪʵԡ˵˵ȥˡ
֮е˼൱ԣ׻֮Ҿ۶ɢʵûһͺ˵ˣֻڤ׻ǧ˵Լⷽûһ˿һĻʤϣ
ǺǣˣǲҪӮûʵֻҪҳ㣬Ȼӵ㹻ʵӦȥӦɣڣϢһ£
԰ҫ֮ǰ׻һӳɣٶأǵ΢ЦȵϢԸоҫʮս
ҫ䣬ǰͬʱһ۵˵ͷȥ°ҫ׻ڰҫ׻ʮ׵ľʱѸ߸Ծ𣬴һŵ΢Цֱ׻ȥ
׻˫Ŀɣһڤ׳޳ͣеġڤ׾ޡѾʱǿһ࣬ҫȥ
ۼīڤ׳޳ҫŲæ˫ֲãָԵʳָָβָȡɫ˲ָ֮ϣգ֮伲
㼫ֺ꣬ڤ׳޵ı£½İٴԾʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
׻ǲͶ٣ҫһһѾΪֱӵƣŭһڤ׳ٴһ࣬Ҫҫݺݴ¡
ҫǽ񽣷ӵ쾡£ɫ˽նһʱڤ׳޶൱ɿҫǽŵüͷϵ麹ȻѾʼеˡ
ΪҫҪУҪչԮ֮ʱҫȻһ˫Ŀھʮɼ޹ֲֺ˵Ļ𾢲֮ϣһŲƣǿķ籩ڤ׳޵һ˲Ŀ϶
еǸֹзĸ־Ҫգ֮ڲ׽Էһ˿һĿ϶ӶԶԷչĴҫּĸ֣Ǿ͸ö˵ˡ
Լ׻Ĺƣ׻Ĺٶգ֮ھ鹥ƣνգ֮ڣ԰ҫ˵Ѿ൱㹻ˣ㹻ʩչУ׻һӭͷʹ
ʯһ˲䣬ҫת˫ִָһŻţƥ˵Ļ𾢲ڰҫ˫֮ϣԶҫС̫һݣҫ˫һ䣬Żһڤ׳𿪣Һݺݺ׻ļ֮ϡ
С
ˣ·һĻ˳׻ļǽ׸ǣҫʮɹµСţֹԼֵǣԶֵ˶ŵòᡣ
˶ھ̾ҫֲ׵һͬʱҲΪҫ˵ʵе㵣ܶ벻ͨҫͲô̶ֳȣʵ˵Ĳֹһǰ㰡
ԭˣͷǿĵطͬҲ㣬ҫҫ۹⻹ôҶһ˿аЦ˫Ŀ΢΢
ţȷҪûѣ˭ֲ㣡ָһڿڵ
ôֵģ˵Ƚϼ򵥣ûʲôֱ̾
ʵܼ򵥵ģʶΪǿĵطӦȥɷ룬ǿĶΪڸĵطôԾֻֻ֮ǰҫûʱӡ֤ˣڿ»أ΢Цص
ڤ׻ǿӴ壬ǸͷϵļǣΪҪ·һ㣬Ҳš


ʮ ǰǣ벻ˣ
ѽڵ˿˲ã̶ֳȵĹɲʲô˶ܷأڵһЩִ£δܴ㾪춯صһǼҪúø˼ѧŵ㣡һվһҾֵĴͷƤЦ˵
ƺ԰ҫСǳȤһЦĵ˵ͷԼλʦԼƲۣзҪԼǿ
ҾţͷˣʥоһܡĶˣǰ˴ʥеˣƱڡ

ŰδҫȻѾôǿˣͷĺܣҾ˵СӽдɾСҰѾ׷˼ҿ
߲ߣɰСŮ޼ɵĵ٩꣬ҲֻεЦЦû̫ĻӦ
СŮ˭çĹİ֮һ˾ͽᣬ΢ЦͣĿ꣬𸮸˾ͽӣ˾ͽҡ
СҰСһ仰һǵ֮һҪҫ˻ϣͬ£ʵ֮ǵŶмǣ˾ͽ΢Ц˵
İɣС̣Ҷִ֪磬Ȼʧ˾ͽҹ˵

ţʵܵĲԩʱһҪǸ㲻Ķ֣һŨüվڴͷ֮ϣԶİҫ˵һкԶĸ֣ʻǰ
ħűλ֮һôһ仰ħաҲᣬħǾħɡħԼħ֮׵ħ
ǰ˱Ǿħɡء󣬺ԴҴһ£Լڵϵʧʵ޵ݵĸоصĻǸľԼͷǸħӢĳƺŲ
ħʦģҵȱȻȫԸȭһǫĿڵ
ֻȫԸǲģǶǱҪõҪòǾͲûˣôͷҲصһɼ˵ɱ⵭͸Ӣ˲ëȻĸоŵö˸顣

кĿתĿŰҫ˿ߵӣ΢΢̾Ϣһƺеɸζÿ˶бȽҲˣȻס
ҫ͸ԼӲ࣬ҪСһЩһı죬ǰеһ飬Ȳϰҫʮ֮һвһַǳŹֵĽ
ҫе㲻ƽ⣬Ǻӣôô󣬾͸ҫûнԴˣӵеһжԼƴ츳Զ̾Ϊֹ
ҲˣΪҫЩ˽õĶԭ֮һд˵ʵպĳɾͱȻС佻ãֻкôлģ̾Ϣһڵ
ף״˵Ľ̻壡˵ͷĶص
֮ǰ꣬ʱ綷ܵĹԴе㲻̫ҿҫǱߵս֮ǰս֪ʲô졣
Լ֮ǰȻгðҫ¹򣬴ʱǾһ亹Լȷеڲ֪ߵغˣҫʵо壬ðҫˣպ߽ˣԼʱǴͷˡ
Ҳú£ҫСǼ֮ˣ֮ǰնɱˣԺ߽ҪۣѧҪ裬ҪԴʱΪɲ㣡Ƴһ۶ˣѵ
״˽ѵǣǣΨΨŵŵĵص
̾һڵˣȫǰֱϵˣЭ飬κγϵĸֶԽ룬ΪҲֻǵ⣬ǣסͷʣµҪȥɣס˵ҫ˹ͬж
ǣ
ʱ˿̣ʮɷг񾳸ִڵʼ׻󷽵ĵ켲۶ȥǱǿʼĬĬ׼ʱһ̽׻Լܹɹǵ
ڰҫߣǷ׻㣬ͬʱҲļŭ׻һת˲ϵĻѱϨһ˫ڵĻĿѾʼһְ֮ɫһŭı֡
ҫ֮ǰһû˵Ѿ׻׵׵ļŭˣΪҫĹʹǰҫĹĻֻҪҫг񾳵Ϊ׻Ȼˣ˶пܡ
ˣֵǣǵˣھͽЩǰβˣȫкţָд꣬ϵȥ
ָ΢΢һ㶣ڵ
ƨǧޣûг񾳵ΪƲģ͸ǧˣǵֻҳ㣬Ȼ󽻸Щ񾳵ϼһǾˣǴֻбŰķݣһﻹûչս̬أҶզզҺָпкţ١Ҳǳˣ˽̤˻кϡ
˷λˣͽϷɣڰҫ˷֮ʣһӰͷӹ
еһ·Χľٶϵĸо·˲һ㣬Ȼǳ񾳶еġġ
ɾֱ׻ȥʱӰٶϿй֮޲ƶķʽͬҲǡġ
ҫСܣ겻ʵŶ
һЦ֮ﴫҫĶУΪ֮һ㶣Ϥ֮һ˾ͽᡣ
ǰЦˣ֮ǰֽ֮˼֣֪Σҫ΢΢һЦڡ
õĺأ˵ҪлϣȲ˵ˣҫСܣյϣ˵鷳չСŶˣ˾ͽᴫء
Ȼǰģҫضְȫҫη֮ʱȭһ񣬿ڻص
ţĳŵţ˾ͽصڶ̸ոսʱĿͶҫë˲ը
ɱĿˣһǾħɡأһžһܣ˵˼ԣȻǽҫΪжˡ
ֻǰҫҲ壬һɸԼֵǶг𣬶ԼҲɱǲٸ֣ôԹҲǲݵľˣպҲǱȻҪһġ
ڰҫ˻صк֮ǰĴѾڤ׻չҵĶ񶷣һ㱬ɢˣ·Ҫ淭תһ㾪ޱȣɼս֮ңίʵ
˶˰ɣ߰ɣ»صкŵļװʱҫ˽пο漴˵
һ£ûڵ
ôҫɫһʵ
ҫ֣ε汦ᣬֵ˾Ͳμˣкŵǿҫǣ͵µһ⣡ڵ
ⷬҫ˶ˣߵֵܣͣ½ǣɻһ˻ȥ
ҫ΢΢ü̾ϢǾͶлˣ˷ҫˣ
ףҫֶᱦɹڣһץֵܷȥԶ׻սȥ¶һ͵Цݡ
ҫ磬ĻǷ£½ǻʱ򣬾ޱ鷳˫ۿȥ˵
ţ֪Ȱǰһع˵ɣ


ʮһ ̲½
ʲô̰ҫȻȲ˵ûʵȥ˷Ϊֺֻðҫô򵥣ðҫǷһ飬ծѻҪ飬ֵҪкǧٱֹνһ˫
ʱ˿̰ҫҲȷʵҪкɹƬ򣬷Ļðҫ̤˶ȥɺͲϵ
Ϊ׻ʮﷶΧѾڤ׸׸ˣֱµҫ̤˶ֻᱻڤƣڴϵĻָоа취Լһȫȹ˵ȻҲðҫоյĵǵ
ʮĴֻѾȫĴ񾳸Ҳʩչڤ׻ĲסдֻػذƵ׻ʻµ
գһī䣬ЩֻϸڤףȥûʲôƿԣʵȴǺ˵ĽǱеĴֻᱻҷ𣬸һƬĶʮҴֻתۼʧңڤ׺ʣ
ָУˣҫͺһ֮ǰʮڤױٵ˵£Ե֮ðҫᣬ
ƺðɣСָ꣡пںȵ
ˣ꽿һָǰ漴ϥĿһϹŷһϵ񱬷Ƽ侪ˣϵѾתʮɼ޹
걬һ˵羢֮ͻȻһը죬ϰٵڤ׷·ܵǣһ㣬䣬ҫŵһëը©˰ġ
˵˵һӸһּֿ򵥣ңҸɵһҶһ֮ɫһһצҪָ˺Ƭһһҵļס
ΪжָָʹģҲˣ˲֪ٵڤףҪǵסڤ׵˲ҲǺкǱסˡ
УС֣ˣָƳһҶģһַǳмصҶĸץ
ָвҶģеİٵڤ죬ȴ첻ָеӡָе˫ֽӡ֮죬Ӿҵĸоֻգ۲ʱѰӡꡣ
һԲη˲ͣһȦȦ˸ͣϵȫȥķϵγһּΪѤϹķϣ۰ٵڤκϹķ𣬹
ʥ
ָеһзǳϵǣڤ£漴ʥڤ׵Ըڤ׼з֮ǹ֮ᱻĨһ֮ͨٱǧֹ
Ǳһ߿ţҸС괫СҪάʮɹҪάס̫һӦ㣬㶼ᱼָдȵҫ˸æǰкžһǳ˷˳µ
µѾһʣĴֻֻʣʮˣЩɵĴֻѾȫڤ׺˷ɻңʮҴֻҲǹâ䣬ɫ˷Ҷʱ䣬˭һ̲½˭ܰ
ûôҲҫҶĺһеڤ׼ֱͱƵģ䣬ϵĺŷ㣬Ҷĸָ߳ҵ½ҫ
ҫҶʱ˲ŷְҫľжۺ񣬹ҫһʱҪһ࣬ɼҫʹΪˣڹȴʤһ
Сʱ󣬺ֻʣ°Ҵֻеڤ쳣񱩣ÿ¶ϰٵ֮࣬һûмϵĺ䣬Ҵֻͨ
ҫ߾Ͳ˵ˣԵøҫۣƥڱвڰҫ˵ľ֣ʱµֻʣҵľ룬˼̲ܿˡ
ˣҫüͷ麹ͣĵʱ١Ҷġ˹ϢָһﶼǰҫһڹӦָҲʼŲסˡ
Ǿ͹עһɣˮ˵ͬʱһۣ˵ͷҫźöͬʱ˹
·ɽһҫڣҫ˲ֱűĸоڰҫѨϹͣڳܲסͻӴ½
ʵڿҫ΢ΪҫҪָ꣬ҪҲַʽָƺڳܲסһ˲Ĵֱ䣬˶ᱻűʱµ̲Բʮ׵ľ롣
䣡
һը죬ˮͰڤ׽Ҵֻʣɴֻɳµʣʮˣǹؼһ̣˾ܻҲ·һ
һڤ½кϵķ׺飬ҫ˼һѪȻڤױ˶ˣȻסһڤ׵ĺкµ̲ľֻʣ²ʮףھҪˡ
ȥβҫһȣ˽һ㶣ʶβҫ˲Ǻף֮£˻ִˡ
һ˿ɳ嵽˴βǧһ֮ʣһڤƺ˵ĽŸڴͷ
ڤ׵ı֮£ͷݣβȻкűƷҫ˾񵯹еʯӱݺݵĵ˳ȥ׹ɳ̲֮ϡ
ޣǧһðҫԴӹȻ뵽УĻǶҪˣҶ³еĻɳµ˵
λ湻ҵģٶִµľȻֻңʼδأһ壬Щǽʹѣֹʹˣǲеˡ
ʵһУ˵ʼ˹Ϣ
Ǹ˵ǿˣΪʲôôǧһΣʱ̣ûò˻ˣһεĿŰҫˣȥô㲻ˬ˼Ϊ˸˸ʺΨҫȴǽһƷǳ
û˱֮ʣҫסԼ棬ܵһˣľٶҫѾǵһˣҲԲһΣиǱۻϲҫһ㣬ı˵Ķ࣬˵ĺá
һ죬֮ϵɳһЦ԰ҫǧɸ߿׹䶼͸ָ߶ȵĵˣëû˵һ
Ҷû°ɣҫ˻ٶôˣƶأֻ˰ˣΨĲƣϢ΢е鸡
ʱҴֻҲ˳ȻԭĴֻǧٿף磬ܹɹǰȻõĽˣԴҲûбԹֳһֺµɫ
ɹϹµܹңҫΪһҷֱ𸮡šħűԼ塣
ɹǵ֮󣬲ûżжɳ̲Ͻµûʲô̫رֻ֮ľȽ϶࣬һֱӵһߴ׵Ļɽ֮ϣ̻Ҳ
ŶңûĶడһٶԭʵʸҲҶѰһһ
֮ʣһʮ߳еĻ쳣٬˲м֮ɫƺûнǰ˷겻ʵʲôƾ
ɣһذɣʣ¼ٺ٣


ʮ ͨɳ̲ޣ
ߴ磬ͦν˶źɫ˫ĿüĿ㣬񣬿ǰʱ°͸߸̧һ֮Ͳûд¡µһ֣ʵŵĽ
Ǻˣ
ڵ˾ͽңο۽񾳶֣ȫ⣬ֻʣ˾ͽһ˴ɼʹ˾ͽұʵҲ㹻ȥ
Ŷ𸮵˾ͽң𸮻ûʲô˲ţɸ˹˾ЦˣЦ̬ſ񣬶˾ͽҲգôĶ겻ţеɱʵһŷ
ôĻͳְүУ֪ʲôвְֿ࣡ȫ˾ͽҷ
˾ͽһЦڵʲôҲҽ֣
ҫаһ˾ͽ֮֮ȻѶԷòС
ŭɶ֮ʲôȻǱԼаǺٿһƺ͹ˣ޴ӡٿն䣬ֿ͡
˾ͽǸ߸ųɹһƣƾƺŭһ㷭ϣ׾ٵĺɢӡɳʮ׿⣬ȻصԭֵĵطһˣӮƯ
JǹͷԭҲһ˾ͽЦһ˲м֮⡣
ͻأһ͵ˣȻŭ˾ͽҺ֮˶һϷʵ꣬һ֮ɫǸҧгݵģȻǱĲУһ˫ԹĿĶ˾ͽҲš
ո˵һأʵֻǾ°ɣģҫǰһ΢Ц
ʲô˵ķôݺݵĵ˰ҫһ۵ͺȵ
ǺǣλС磬ȻĻ졤ҫʶãʲôʸӢ
һò׵ŽŮЦƳҫ΢ЦҫҲͬ΢ЦͷǰòŮҲˣ߽ϴ£һԵڼԷ֮󣬸ҫ˴кȥϡ
ǰҫ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿Űҫ
кָ̣ҫ΢Цص
ϴ˵ҪһȻܵôһѾˣе㱾£ؿδܹˣɭȻһЦڵ
һ䣬ϴ˭У˭
ҫ΢ЦͣﻰҲҭ겻УҪ˽˾ͽѹ£úһѣ˭֪ԷʵԼ֮£Է˸ͷʣѾǱĲˣڰҫĻһӣʵϼ
ſ񣬽һģסҵְ֮ˣ޷ɣų˫Ŀҧ˵ͬʱ˫һĵ棬ܶȻһǿ磬·һϯܡ
ҫǷǳͨٻʲôֻҪڴƣָпһۣü⿪ڵ
ֻһָܣһֻͨѶλ֧ܣһĵãȻԸΪԵҲ٣ֻǲôͻѣͨΪ⡣
ͨһֿԽ֮޵˼άпƵһԲڣһвڱΪ࣬ᱻס˼άָӣ޶ܿơ
ȻбΪ£ֻʩ߾ΪԽǿͨԽǿе㼦ߣȴȺսϷǳʵãͨΪ׶Ρ
һ׶ǿΪãڶ׶ǿУƾٻȻǰȻûǸ½ͨڶ׶ΣĻܱ˾ͽɨ档
޷Ϳʲô£֮ǰǵĵҩ°ɣҫ˵ͷ΢Цص
һ䣬ҫ˸óһö쵤ҩĵԶԶĲĿҫóĵҩڵϴǰµģѱʱ֮衣
˵뷨ҫͬ򲻵Ѿ̷ΪԼ֮ǰڤ׺ǰΣʱ̶ûãġ
öҩ񵤣ǵ͸ҫ൤ҩлĵҩֻʮţٶ֮죬˵ֻҪ㻹ûͻƳ񾳣գָܻ֮ʮɶ
üһһϢ֮ѻָʮɹǱСӣ϶вٺö´һúһʣ
ҫ𾪣Ϊ̷ҩһ˲䣬񵤵ҩ̼䳹׻ӷֻһϢ֮ѻָųңָٶ֮ίʵޱȡ
ʵǰҫԵҩûôо̷Ŀ껵ѪƷҩǶһ£ҪǼˣҪ߸ҫƴˣΪ񵤲ôԵģҫ̷ֱֻܷһҩֱǱ
ֳҲûΪ˰ҫҲô̷ģΪǲҩֻа̷УǾ߶ҩҩ֮һ˲ӷһָ̻˳ϣ档
ڰҫ̷ҩ֮ʱ޷͵һ˫Ŀ˫һչһ˺һɢڳ˶ʶ˹ֵ˾Ȼȫޣֱ͸ɢΡ
𣡡𣡡𣡡
һɢȥУϴŵľȻأһһѹ򺣱ɳ̲һеֻޣʨӦоУҸˣ쳣ûһֻͨҰޡ
Ǻǣ˶ҪĻ޷Ǹ߸߹𣬴һɭЦݿڵһ˫Ѫ̵ĿĿ˰ҫ˾ͽһۣɱɭȻӿ
ϴ˵ˣԵĻֿһͿˣŭңôŭ֮ɱ㣬ϴҲ̫ҵģ֮˵ôҫ޷ЦҫһϷ֮⣬ƺеİҫѾǸһ㡣
ҫ˷ۣҡҡͷ΢Цƾʲô
ƾǣ
޷ɻһ䣬ľһž죬һ޴ĺӰ˶ٶȿզ࣬գ֮Էɳҫǰ
ҫһ˫ĿЦˣǰһͷͨڣ˶ޱȵʱһѪڵҧҫͷ­ҫһϷʱ򦣬һʱĸǿĻ𾢴ʱı͸һĹʱĲҺͬʱ
Ӵҫɴĺɻȥ׼޷ɽǰͷߴ׳һɿ⣬·Сɽһʱҫһƶܲ𣬱˼ǣĲ
ƾ᲻̫ϷˣҫЦ
֪һͷʮͷһͷһǧͷأĹΪûдﵽĵزɣ޷ɴһŵ΢Цڵͬʱ̧һָȻѹһƬ֮޴ɳ
ɡᡢǡͻʨʮ޿ɳ̲ϵԹϣɳ̲ϵԴЩ޽ӭͷʹ
̲ϵĶ֮ѽױ˵ͨ޾ٶҲܸҫȺ񾳶κεвǰȻȫǰϵ꣬Ҳ˵Եٶͷޡ
ٶͷУϰͷԵر񿡣˫ĿתͼܲͱҪǿ׳ϣƸޱȣϰͷȻԿ֮䣬ʮͷԱƽǧ֮䣬ҫԵ˵ľǡ


ʮ ޷ɵ°֣
ʱɳ̲ϵĶ֮ԳױֳԴԴ޴չҵνɹͨҫʵǿޱȣ巽ҲȰҫ˲϶١
¼ͬŮӳɱȺ֮Уûһ֮Уɱĺ죬ٲȻһüļơ
궼ǽ֣Ҷ˵Ľ߼ˣϵļΪĬ½鶯Ʈݣâֿܣ缲磬Ϊһϵ罣;ףʽ󿪴ϣâƥϵԵƥףʤ
Ůһһᣬй޹Ȼûɱ˶ޣһʱ䵹Ҳʧû֮ǡ
ţƱڶ˿ô˫ۻһ΢Цǿ֣ĳ治Ƕ˳֣ǰŴһϯ۵Ÿֽ޾֮⣬ûһͷͻƷ߽ӽˣ˵˫Ŀ޵ҫƲȥ
ħűֻħӢɴʱħӢȴһֽȻͬĸо𵱳ϵʱһַǳصĸı䡣
ΪûʽѧҲûиı䣬һʣ϶һּΪɭһֻ˲Żӵе˵ޱ飬һԣľƤһƬ֮ɫȥȥõʬ塣
˹һɱޱߣֺֿݣ޼䣬׺飬̶̵ʮϢ֮ڱԺɱʮͷޣȫûߵļԵüء
Ҳͬĺܣһߴ·ֱĹһ׳Ŀоų߶ߣһֲޱȣƼ򵥵Ĺȴż产˵ľǰȺˣһȭ֮£ôڶȭΪûһֻܳܵסȭ
һ׳԰СӣͬעĿʱϲһֵЦʩչȷֺֿݣ׳֮£ṦƮ޶תŲ֮һѸޱȣʵ֮ǿС
Ҫ˵ٵǾҪˣ˾ͽҴ֮ǰڤѱһʣεӰֻƺûаԼƿôأӦȺҲ಻·硣
˾ͽҲ˿ԼĴûͬҲҪǿҲȵĿɽǾǰҫ
ڵʱȻԼʶ״̬¸ҫ֣ǱǻľǳֱӵİҫжǿѾǿԼֻĳ̶ȡ
ؿҫߣУҫһɱ¾࣬Ҳȵһ֮ǰսڤ׻ʱԳϹٴȻӦ֡
ҫǿ©ҶǣƣٸָзͻϮ˶ûоȫɱίʵֲ󣬲һĹϵİгλͷӽǧޣΧһʱ
޷ɿǰɱ޵Ļ棬ѾˣеľȫһУʹǰڵסҲҪܡ
޷ɱ¾ҫ˹ĵĻʵȻ෴Ǿɱ¾ޣҪȺɱҲֻʱϵ⡣
ʱ˿̵޷ɣѾʼߵ뷨֮ǰİѵȻ޴棬ȡ֮ǾţٰҲܿǰƱǲڵΪͲǶ֣ͨκβκһôԼҲǭ¿ˡ
ʱһץסһͷ޲ƵĽȫ飬ѹ򣬺ݺ׳ֻı޺һڵһ޷ɵߺХ޷ɾѣײɽ֮ϣһ
Сӣƾô᲻̫Ϸ˵㰡ҫЦеĿ޷ɣظԼ֮ǰ˵Ļʱ׳һͶ֮Ѿɱ¾ΪѾû޿ɱˡ
ǰٶֻޣѾɱ˸⣬ʱŹȥĹˣѻɽʬ壬޷ɺݺݵĴ˸еĿ־뾪ſʼԽԽңԾƶ
ôҫٴοڣһ޷ǰһҫӰǰ֮죬ﵽĵزҫҲûй޷΢Цͣ˵Ըϴ˭У˭ô
㡣ҡ޷һ󾪻ŵ֨֨ţ˵ΪҫֻǳǰѣǹëȻɭɱ⣬֣û̱ڵϡ
𣡡
ڰҫ޷¶ĻʹʱɽǶѱʬԱߣһĺڶ**һԶİҫˣĶĤʹըһίʵޱȡ
ոʧһ˲䣬Ѩڲըѣʯһ㼲һ׳Ӱ̤ɽһǰ壬Զɳ̲ȻֻһϢ֮һԾ
ǰ˶ˣּټֱܷģǳǰĵȷǸֻ࣬һ֮ɫ͹ԣ˫ĿɺޱȣĿһƬ߷ħֻʣֲˡ
ͻĿˣȴھ׳ǰһ̧۾һȭǿǸ£ıȭʵʵĺ׳֮ϣֱ׹뺣ʮ׸ߵĺˡ
һȭڳ˶ݺݵһع֮󣬷ʮڵȫ˿׳ͬ飬ǳȥֱ׳׹ķλɾ˿֮ʱȴһӽǰҫ
ҫľٶĪӸոһȭͿԿǿĿɲҫӽⲻǿô
Ȼҫӽһ˲䣬һŤӱһȭɨҫͷ­ֿͣȭѹϢȭǿƥ԰ҫʵйҲҪͷ
ҫ˭սżΪǰһȭȻͣҲûӦԣֻҫһԾƳס˵ֱһ෭ƽۿס󣬷Ƶס˵磬Ȼһ˵ʺԼֱס
ҫ˳һźݺݵ̤ڿ˵ϥǻϣ԰ҫ̤ڹؽڵߣ˳ԲסǸߴ˳ߵ׳عɳ̲֮ϣҫһõļǾеĹɱǵ̰ƪ
ʱĿֱҫסѹסԼʺ类ҫץ޷ϥǻ䱻ҫס˱ҫܡ
°ѣҰǰҫôˣҰҫһŵĿڵǰǳ°ҪƴסȻԼѾȻһצˣټ°⸱̬ʵĲѡ
סҫ°ɺѪĿȻһ˿૵
ûңǰҫһ㣬ǲ߻ˣϢҫһŵĿڵ
ǧ򡣡Ҫҡ߻𡣡㡣ҡУй𣡡°ҧгݵ˵岻˵ļΪѣֱһ񱬷ǿҫҪݺɡ
ҫ֮ʮ׿⣬ֻüͷа˼⣬֮ǰ°ķʵڹֵĺܣʱǷѽĺ
صĺأεİԵѸͣ׵ıѣȻֲͬѵ°һֲͬԵĹôģ


ʮ йս°
ססҫ죬ȫҡսҪй
°һһѵĿڵ׶ݣɺѪ˫Ŀ¶һƬͨ죬˾˼޶ʵޱȡ
ҫѾˣ°ʱ߻ħˣҺпܾǾ׳ͶǸģҲˣ°ֺĵһĿ׳
ҫ磬˰ҫߣһɻʵٵҲͬĲ֮ɫ
ţȹҵҫԼçĹһм򵥵˵һ顣
֮˵ͷ˾Ȼǰҫ֮ôæǱҪģͬʱҲѳ°֮ҫͬˣҲָͬмʱû顣
ѪʤϢʢھȻĹȫͬԵҴܣĽѨϸܲסôӴҪй߳ϵУ򣬽ᱻűҲҪˣҫͫ°ڵһüͷڵ
˵ص㣡Ҷûİһۣڵ
һһĹҫ˫ۣ˵
˵ѽҶһȷɴܶ˺һֻչӥѸͣǺ˵Ṧֻգ֮°ͷ
ֵܣˣҶľӸ΢΢һЦӥצݺץ£צֱ°Ĳ˺ȥһֱɱС
ࡣл
°һûҧ飬ǴＷ˵лһһϹȭݺݺҶĵţֲȭѹһɺ˵磬ŵҶ඼©˰ģæṦʩչ£侪յĶ㿪һȭ
ذȭʮʽԣ
ֻغҶǹѪȻǱ°һȭľ˵ˣҶĽֻǱȭ˸߶ѣɼһȭľίʵֲޱȡ
ǿ˺ܶడСӣһĽ治Сҫü̾漴ֳŲԶҶĳҶģҪнںάסǣ־Ǳɱٲԣģ
ţˣҶĲȥǵѪգ˵ͷص֮ǰȷеСƳ°ˣŻ⵽ȭҶĪṦҲڱ°˸š
ôҶĵж죬ֻۻݣҶĵڶչʱֱ˸Ƶģ֮զ࣬է֮Ҷ˾ѳʮһ㣬Χų°͹
ɷצȺӥʳ
Ҷģǿľˣһ˵ṦһֺצƽһȻһϯ֮أֻ쫷磬ֻڳ°һ֮תŲֿ磬צֽʯѸƥһʱȻ񱩻ĳ°ݺѹƣռϷ磬Ҷĵʵ
ҶĵѾ쵽һַ˼ĵزڳֻаҫܹ⣬Ҳǿܸ϶ѡ
ˣʱֳֻʣҫԼ°˾ͽңĴڳ°ʱܸˣ޷ҲѾ֮ززҫҲ֪Щֻûǰˡ
ؿǰҶĿʹ򣬲ϵų°ĹȥһƬãɰҫȴǳüչҶȻṦ߾ǹѾʼ𽥵ĻȻһõ˼ޣҪٴչơ
ɾһ˲䣬°Ȼѣ˫һȭ£ȭɽһ񱬷纣ȭӰݺύǿѹ֮£ȻҶķѳĲӰȥ˺ݺɣӮơ
ذȭʮʽŭХ
ȻˣΪˣ°ҫҡͷ̾ϢҲǵͷͣɻذҫߵҶҲ̾һҫƳһۣߵ˵ͷʾס
û֮ǰһ˲䣬°ǿɱ⣬ֻǽҶɶѣɽԽԽʢɱ⻹ʧȥǣһӴȻӰ֮£˵ĳǰĻɳƷߣƼ侪ˡ
°ٶж죬ֻҶһ˿ѣ̼ѵҶǰ˳һȭֱҶͷ­ȭ磬ףԵ׵һȭ⾪˵ٶȣʱҶĶеֲֻü߳ɹеֵ
Ǽ߰ȭͻϮ
°ȭѹҶϢĸо߳ɹµķܵ³°ȭ𣿵ȻܣͬҲǱزٵģҶĶѾ˵׼ˣϾ°ȭʵڿֲ쳣
ɾʯһ˲䣬һֻסҶĵļȥͬʱһֻűѻ𾢵ȭ°ݺݵĶһȭ˫ȭͷĶײȻ˸һߡ
аȭ׻ȭ
ֵ֮ǰҫʾʱѾԴйעų°һһǧһ֮ʣҶĵһȭֻ֮ʱҫûнһš
³УҶġ˸ϵԮʱһ˲ʱͣٸֳˣҫʱֲеһ֪ļܡ
ĹԽʱͣʲôԣ㹦ˣѵʲôɣҫа½֮ƱҪʸ
Ϣһ£ʣµĽҰɣͷҲص˵ԵüᣬҶǺεƲƲ죬װ֣ܲԸĵл
Գ°˫ײҩζأʱһںڰеɭȻ֮У˫Ŀһһ۰ڣ˫ֳͫһֹɫɢһڵһ˳ʧǰʵҲʧֻ˵ܵʱͣһ˲
ڱ죬һ졤ʱͣ0.1룡
0.1ʱͣٶһ˵ʲôգ۵ʱ䶼Ƕ˵ʲô㹻һ˫ֵ°ȫʮѨ°һ˲ٶȱҶĻ죬쵽˶ûӦ
֮ͣ󣬳°˲û̱ڵأʮѨ⣬˾ʯһ㶯ãһǿҵд֫ٺҪǳ°ڿ֮УӦѾزˡ
ʱҫ˶ˣĿɿڴ˶ΪǿֲıеͬʱΪ˲ʱͣٶе壬ʱͣôƣʵûơ
°˲ƣһʱΨҫһ̾Ϣҡͷ૵Ʋסģ
ڰҫĻո£°һһ𣬽ʮѨϵķѨȫ⣬漴һ̤ǰɳ𣬳°Ծչͷ˫ۺ䣬ǿȭѹ·ʯ׹һ㣬Ȼһֲ
Ǽ߰ȭ䣡
ǧһ֮ʣҪǰԮʱȴ̧ͷǷ·ɽѹҧ˵һԣ
ǾǿҲҡҡͷ˰æͷԳ°׺Ĺƣٴʩչڱʱͣ٣գ۲ʱͣպ˵ֵʱ䡣
ֻ˫̧һüס°һ˫ֱۣϴľʹҧгݣھȥ֮һ˫ֿס°һһ۽°˫ѹ䣬ͬʱһ壬ȦԲ°˫ʽ侫ɡ
ȭȦ
ס°ã²һ룬Ƕ˵Ҳ㹻ˣֻһȭֱг°ţȭأֻǽ°׵ľ룬֮һĻҫ˶е㲻̫Լ۾
°ڱ֮˴һ˲漴ſڵһľʧ룬ʱ˿Ѿҳһ࣬ǰеһоȻֳһ˵Ļ棬˼άһͿ
İڱڶ졤ת˼άӦóɹ˰ɣ


ʮ ƾµѧ
ʱĳ°һƬң˵Լеʶ壬ǰһл涼ԵüΪ죬ƴӶɵģÿһƴӶԵûйɣ˵һ֣ң˵Ļҡ
һȭʲôãǰڱĵڶ죬бڵһʱͣ٣ڶǽһ˵˼ά״ң޷սﵽƵЧ
ڰڱ죬һڲͬĹбеڹķǣⰵڱÿһ춼Դһַǳصһֽѧ֮ܡ
ǧǰһħˣƷɵѣħĪơװڱ֮Ī˵һ仰
ڱ죬ƾѧ
һ仰뽭֮кĳЦսߣʵ֤ĪƵİڱȷ޵УսûһĪƵһ֮ȫ
ڽʮﰵڱɨѧûʲôѧǰڱƲ˵ģһ֮ܵĪƿ˵ԽԽݣԽԽף˾ħһ׺ݱ塣
ֻ䵽޵£ͬʱĪƵѣɡƷɵˣƷҲûйȫ˵ϣ԰ֻӡӮһ֡
ΪĪƵΨһȻܵĪƵȫ࣬ⲿΪѧǵİڱҲķھΨһ첻ΪһʱĪ˵ʸûһ졣
԰ڱǰֻҪгɣҲ㹻нܵˣȻҪﵽǸ̶ȣкóһ·ҪߣⲢڱĴʡ
˵ʱ˿̰ҫѾһܶе𾪣ǰľǳ°һȭڶܸ˼ά¶ʱ޷ս
ҲĲ쳣һȭȥڽ˳ɵϢѾü鸡񶼳ҲҲܹ鸡֮С
ǿҸȥƷѽһȭûʲôģֻǴ˼ѣֻܳʱ䣬ָܻܿڿϣŰҫĿɿڴӣˣڿЦ
һﾪϲˣ˶Ȼ񣬹ָͬʱ°ֻǺƺѾеֹ˼άңһһӭϮһ˫ȭֲȭХȭǿޱȣָжչҵĶԺ䡣
һ֮£˺ɨķһһƬĻɳ˱˴˵ľ𿪣һأٴǿԷһƴ֮¿ȥƴ˸൱ʵ˻֪ġ
ӳ°Ѫģܿǳ°ٶˣϾߵ˼άһûȫԺ֮Ҫ˰֣ɼʹ˳°뱩ûм֣ԽԽҵƣħĳ°ίʵǿĿֲ
ڹָжˣҲȳ°ѷɫ٣ͣƴ˷йɵʹ°ԼӲƴٵų°Ĺɺߴӿʼÿιھųɹϣƺ޵Ϣǿʢƥ˵ԽսԽƺȫûƣ۵ĸо
ʱĳ°ǻҵ˼άҸӵĿɱޱȣΣȭɨָС
ָ˫һԾۣķԾס˳°һȭ֮ĿֲȭԾ˺ɳʮ֮Զڳ°Ҫ׷ʱٸպסʹָӹһ١
ÿֲľ˫Ѫ壬ݻҵķһˣǷǾȫˣָпŲѵ˫ۣ¶һ˷ĪЦݣΪյȻԽǿԽãȻ𾪳°ʵһѪڵĸоҲͬĲ
ʱһԳ°ڰҫСŶУ˵ÿ˶Լ֮ҶĪļ٣˲䱬ָе似İҫʵپʤּ˵侲
ڹٵϣûоʧһ˵صûó°ռһ˿ˣֲ
°ĿȻ˼ޣǰصܲ͸磬еı쳣Ŀ񱩣һŭ֮󣬹ƺñȾκһ಻ֿͣȭӰһƬŹٷѹȥ
Ǽ߰ȭΧˣ
⺧˵ĹƣΣңһΪΧֱתγһַǳᾢǰ׺ޱȵȭӰûһȭܹһ֮ڣȫ֮⣬ҫŲ֮ͬ
fɱֽ֡£
Ѿͷϣ㸨ǰֲµľ棬ҫҲ̲סˣսţһԵ֣µĵ˵ͷһεضֱ°ȥ
ڹ֮ʣһ纣Ļ𾢷ӿ·ŭ˿һ㣬ת˲佫°ȭӰûһְԵƥƣֱӹƳ°Ĺơ
ơޱߣ
ҫš̫ͥң
ͷҲ˵־ޱȵĴ𾢳Լģ£˰ҫûܹʩչĳ֮˱ǰҫ죬˵Ѩλ֮ǰڳ°Ϸ
ʵ°֮ԻҪ鹦֮ǰʮѨУѨλ֮Ѩλ˼©Ҳ׷λ쳣ı
ҫ˵ͷӹ߾ƳһһԵҲǵͷʾףöΰ˦ֶ
°ǰһö·Ҷ׽켣ת仯ͣƿ󣬳°ܿȴӦֻöԼ
绨ѩ£ľ°䣬
ţλ·΢磬Сͥλعĩ·С̫ңλ·࣬С
öΰ׼ͬһʱѨλ°ֻĿŰ͸ԼףѨλ֮ϣ֮ǿϢУ°˴á
İѾֲһֺŵĳ̶ȣٶȿ쵽Ӱ켣Ʈ޶ƥƽټ֣һίʵˡ
˵ҪǸƴڳûһ˸ҴƱ˵ԼܹȲʤȯɵʤʶûУҲҫԼ
Ѿͷز¶ƽﲻɽ¶ˮһֻˣҫаֹЦе£кܲԸĳһ£ǾǿԼĶ֡
ʱ°˴ԭأҫ˷𣬶ڰҫһ˲䣬֮ǰ°ɵָҲȻһǿԾȻңƪɱУң޼ʽ
ָУǵ£ͬʱҫͺһۼ˲ûΪָѾʼˣʱֻòʧָнһдЩͿˣָҲǿ˰ҫһ۵˵ͷʾס
ǧһ֮ʣ°ĹɽȻͬںϣһɺ֮ʵ·ɽһϯķסѨȻ忪Ȼ˵һ㣬¿Կʼ
L񹦡ˮط硤ĺһ
ҫգһ٣˫һһ֣˳ƺαֱ£ֲ˵Ļ𾢽ƣ·һյǣ°
ָһԾ趯һһΪˣԾֱӰ˸ͬķλ°ѸƥԾޱȡ
°ۼҫָе¼лһ͹ԣòɲֻ˫ȭ趯ʱȫ£ףƻɽһ㣬һʰҫˡ
ռһʽٳǣ
ңƪң޼
ذȭʮʽǧ
˱壬ʮ籩˵Ĺͬʱڱ˴˵֮ϡ


ʮ L񹦣ֵܣ
˵ĹͬһʱںжԷҲͬʱһѪ˵°ӦñȰҫָأƫƫ˵ƾȻಮ٣Ϊҫָжˡ
ֻ߳ɹǿһȻܸ°һҫѹûҪȫԸϾ˵Ŀǰ°ʢĹѪƽҪ°أֻǰҫ˵Ĺӿɲһһô򵥣ɱɺޱȡ
°Ĺȴȥ˼ģҫָһ˲ȭֲ˵ȭ˺ڷڣȭǴһϸ΢Ĺ
°ȭ˺ˣָ˵أҫ񣬼ϻʥµĳǿֻڼϣֻ˫Ŀһץסָеļ򣬽׷ɣ漴˫һ°򣬾񹦵Ĵ°ڡ
ָб׷ɵһ˲䣬ҶġԼͷβΪ͵˾ͽңͬʱֽ̧°֮ϣͬҫͬʱǰҫźõģ֮ǰ֮ʾѾ˾ͽҴкһʩԮ֡
ָнҪ׹֮ʱٽ£ڵҩĸ£Ҳָ߰˳ɵĹ״̬õٶ˲ûǰֻվԭΪָ˹ˡ
ҲǰҫԸģΪǰҫ˵ĺ󱸣һҫ˲ɣ˽油ǰŰҫ˵룬񱩻ĳ°Ե쳣ܣͣȴҫס޷
°ĹL񹦣һֿȻ֮Ϊõ湦ͬҲϹľ񹦡
񹦹ҲȫȻͬ˴ûиߵ֣֮ʺϵʱʩչӦԣǿ໥ںϵģ
Ϊء硢ˮס죬һӦΪã˵֮ϻеΪѪ
ֻҪɹ˵еѪͱҪﵽһĳ̶ȣҲǵطˮںһﵽѭһ澳磬Ѷȼֱڵ졣
⻹ֻѪȾѣֻѪأǧɹֻһ֮ȻޣǾ춯أ
ԹLǳ°ƽĻԵһɽеõһ֮£ֱΪԼģһѧ֮¸ǵӦ֣ڵҫʶ֮ʱСгɾ͡
ҳ°辶ͬʱͬʱͻƣײСɣﵽͬʱгɵĵزʱոǴﵽĺһĵز
κں֮ʱޱȼѣһһһαһѣĺһʱ׳ţ߲߻ħҪаҫΪ䷢й°ֻһ³ߵ٣Ա
񣬳°ǹʢѾڰҫ˵ĳսĵ߰˰ˣʱֻҪҫҴܵͺãΨһһѴǣҪ°ͬС
ǺҫľӦԻğo˪ӦˮҶĵľ澭ӦԷ˾ͽҵԯͨ쾢ӦԵ˵ԸպӦԳ°ڵĴΪ졣
ԴԴϵ£°ԭȵķ𽥵ƽƤʼɫɫ滺Ϣȣͻָɹֻۣȳ΢׳һ֣׳ڳ˿ɽܵķΧڣȻ°ѻָǣˡ
λζлˣһæҪλɹͻҪһ㣬λȫ͵°Ƿλһ飬£Ȼ߾ȫѱ˶°˫ۣ˵ƺͷһͻĺһĹ
񾭲ֵܣҪȥɣûһ˵ҫ΢ЦصеĴʯ
ҫ˼ҵ˼°黳΢Цص
ȻҫΪֵܣҲҶĵֵܣɹôҪ߳ɰɣΪֵܣνҶƳƳ죬ҲѵĺܣһھҪ߳ɣ°Цˣڻصô࣬㹻
˱̬֮ԭΪ˾ͽһԥϾҫ˵Ľ鲢ûô񣬻ԥҲ֮飬벻ǣ˾ͽұȰҫ˻ɴ࣬ûһ˿Ըɫ˵ֱ
һ֮˹ˣչʼ˹ϢаҫҪѵԣˣϴ֮ǰıƴ°ʱԲɣϢήҵĺܡ
ҫҲģƿָ޹ؽҪҪĻǳ°ܹվҲǰҫֵܣȹҫֻ֣Ҫû£ԼĵһҪҲҪó°ƽƽǰҫеˡ
ˣ
һɻһҫڣҫĴΪӽҫ΢΢һЦĿϢÿҲ֪ڸ˹ˡ
ֵܣӦˣҫ΢Цص
˵ͷЦڿʼҲǵֵˣ
ĻָСҶġ١˵ĻһЦ֮ǰĶսпԿ°Ϊ˾ֵǽύΪҲǽѹԼ̫أƷֵ㸶
лԺǾֵˣиͬҵ⻰Գ°Уֻ˫Ŀһоէ֣طˮĴ͸γһˮ齻ڣڳ°һ֮ȻĺһԴɡ
°֮ŤŤӣ˱ȭһ΢Цлλֵˣ粻պ°ԸЧȮ֮ͣλֵͬ
ҫ˫ĿһΧˣһЦڵǱģ
ⳡսǸһ䣬ҫŶٴ׳г°ļʵһֹ°ʹȭ֮ǿһĺһL񹦣ʵ˷츲صľҫ˾й֮޲
ھʱ˹Ϣ֮£˵״̬Ҳǻָ߰˰ˣ״ָ̬֮ѵ磬ٴУǻɽڽȥԼһĿ꣬Ǽ汦
һ·ϣҫҲѯ˳°Ϊʲôӵо汦ĵõĴǣԭ°֪汦ڰǰ°Ѿ֮С
֮Բ֪汦LڽںʱᴦҷյĹϢ״̬֮ǰļ䲢ûע⣬ΪϢ״̬µĳ°ı仯һĸܵģ緢ʲô
֮Իᱻ׳ŵΪڽĺһչؿڣʱķѾ൱ıһ쵼³°֮£ֹ߲ܲ߻ħڰҫ˵ĳ֣Ȼ롣
ҫ֮Ҳµ˺üڣԵʹȻԼҪȻ°ˣʱҲֻܰлүˡ
֮ܶԶ֮°ļʹ˶εĶᱦ֮УԵøˣҫھһӵǰ֮󣬾ɽҲֻа֮Զֻ˶ͣ˽ŲһֻĿǰ
ħűš壬ķ֣˴ֱ֮ɱ֮һ㣬սֵֹҫһΪˣҲûвֵĴ㡣
ǰҫСķ֮ǰæֻһһ룬黹˵ûҫҲæĲֵɣߵҲһհɫҫҲûгֵĴ㡣
ɾڴʱɽȻ緢һѤޱȵĽ⣬ֱ֮ϣһһΪ׹ڵ


ʮ һΪȱһ
춯أҫ۶Ŀά˽ҵʱһΪʣɢλ
һĻ˶ˣĴҲˣ˵Ŀȫڻɽڣһӣһɳʯ˰εضֱɽڵıشǰһĻ˵һ
ɽڳ˹⣬ѾûκĴڣҽʧˣǰģֻ޵׵Ԩ
һǸո⣡׳һͬߵİͬʱתɴȥ
ʱ׳˳°һۣһĵ⣬ֻ˽˶ԹǼ汦ĶҪڵһλģǺֻҫ˲ûжԳ°֡
ˣֻһȭ֮𣡡׳ȥʱڳ°ôһ仰
ұԴûɣҪŶԣҪΪҲ߻ħҵţ°һЦص
Գ°в׳Ųһ٣ݺݵҧҧ˫ȭһ߬ƺеҪ°սһļơ
ɾ׳뷨ʱԵİ꿴һۣץס΢΢ҡͷڵҪ֦
׳εĵ˵ͷͷݺݵĵ˳°һۣһ΢Ц׳ֱҧûг֣ԹԵĸŰˣʱҲͷһۣһɭ΢Цڰҫϵġ
ھĶȥ֮󣬵ڶȥħűĺˣֻǺʱüͷ࿴ףһƬĻɽڣдʣԵеء
˾ͽҸҫһģҫûҲûȥȻǣǽµķλȥ̽һǿ˼İҫŴģʱ
꣬ԼŵƱһ΢ЦĿŰҫ˫ôĵȴţȴŰҫľ
ǲȥ׷Ѱǽ⣬ʲôҫ˼һ󣬿һ΢Ц
ҫʲôչһЦǾݣЦų㣬߻֮ɤදˣ
ҫһ£΢ЦҵĿҪôǶŴɣӦûбҪȡôһСɣ
ҫ˵Цˣʱյͷǻƽһжǰé֮λСôܹϣ˵ҪأŵƱڴһƵ΢Цڹά
ȻƱЦ崺磬ǿʵһ֮´һڼҴк׺˵ĵһӡǳ֮ãָоҲֻԳ˵Ŀ⣬ڰҫ˵ֻð˸ݣǾЦصǼ鼴
ǻ濴ҰҲʾһʲôǲưոݵĿǺðɣţҫֿ˫һۣ䣬һԾֱ׹һƬĻɽ֮ڡ
ҫٶһٵ˸Ǿˣгʱ䶼ûУΨһ˲Ϊ΢ЦͣסҪ½ҫҶģֻĿŰҫʧ
Ҷ˫ĿѪ׺ݵĵǸҧгݵĿڵøһĽͣ
Ǻǣҫ罻һֵأŭϲǰ˶ǸҶһ飬ǾǷŭǶ԰ҫ¶ı֣ʵĽҫֵܣֵܶᵣġ
Ƿ԰ҫʵǧɸ߿յ䶼ܲո͵͵ķһöϸȥϵĸо⵽ɽײ׵ľ룬ҫ缴ʹ˹ֱ׹ҲܰȻ
ο԰ҫΪˣ޵ķʸôԭ򣬿ʲôȤĶϾ۾ıǶҪ͸أһ΢ЦĽţָָ˫ۣʾˣҫӵбͫӽǣӦǿʲôرĶŻ¡
оһгЦԼСҶǸεĿҪǸֲ֪ôڣһ֮ɫ
֮ǰԼȷǹˣҫİŮ˶ԼĲУîˣԶ࣬ʱʵεĲС
ûĿҫΪֵܣŻֹҵı֣Ҹ˻ǵģõǸҶһֹǸı飬һЦİ˰֣΢Ц˵
еǻһ֦׷׹ħűҵ׹ֵǶǵõˣȴǺῴô汦ĸְϱߡ
ΪǰһߣʽͨȫޣߣǸԵ㶼ܸһǧģһѡ
ѰһԻƽףħűߵõһԻƽ𻤱ۣ˫ƽʱԵúһ˼ģ
ôѵһ׼УȻӹҲм汦ǴҪ˵ʵǲǿ⣬ǰһˣװŪһϵĻƽ𻤱ۣһʧҡͷ̾Ϣ
˼һҡҡͷڵ㾪춯ص󣬿϶ʲô֮һеĻôλȻȼ˵
ΪȻĵ˵ͷ뷨һȻʲô飬Ҫ˵ǻУ˼ϵ»治ǿǶô˵ôҲ⡣
ǺٴζǰȥѰ׹֮أĶǲıϣͬҲҪеಿ˫ôΧ쿪ʼѰ
ǵʵҪؼСĵѰһҲ˶೤ʱ䣬οǻס˽׹ķλȻ°빦
ʱħűҵ˻ƽƽͷҵǻƽƽսѥҵһƽսѥʱ˫ˣСսһڵ֪˫ҵеĲʱȻԺ
˫һҷһжԹȲ͸еܣᣬ˫һļϣԼѰļв˳ɸֵ鷢ˡ
˵һһ׵ĻƽףƫƫóĲûһϵģ޷װһ𣬿ЩϵĻƺԵĲһʵǾһ׵ײ
Թζֲ޷װ֮˶֪һ㣬׵ȫȱһҪĲûг֡
ǣ˵ٴתǻɽڣһûгֵĻôҲֻܲˣǸ׵Ļɽײ
ʱؿɽϣҫѾɽнʱˣɾûһĶ·ʯһ㣬𼣣Ҳֻȥȡ
ڻɽײİҫһĻܣڱͫӽ£ܵһаҫܿʱվһֱ׿ƽ̨ϡ
ƽ̨ĴһѾͽ𵶣ˣ߳ңȻתһɫܣһѶĹӻƣоö𻷣ֳִߣʽĿޱȣһַǳֱӵİԵ֮⡣
ǰȻȥΪȻ뵱ҫעĻǽ𵶱ǽ𵶵ԱŵһǼܡ
ӹǼܵĴСǰӦһӣһһ׳Ŷԣҫսۣ֮Ҳûзʲôر֮ǱҪȥý𵶡
ɾڰҫֵһ˲䣬ǸǼܶˣ̧ץס˰ҫͬʱڵСһã
ҫһ㶣һ۹Ǽܣ漴΢΢һЦһһ˶Ĥľ


ʮ ǿһʥ
Ҹոպʲôƺǰҫںüڵ
ţҲˣڲȥ֮ǰҲˣ΢΢ͷ΢Ц
ΪʲôҶʵ
ΪҪȥˣ˭סǣҪʲôȥ˲ãȥһס˱Σգ簴ҫѹ󣬸οҲûȥˣ˵
ǰףʲôû²ǸоϵҶüٴοʵ
һ֪ˣ΢Цص˸ӣ˸ɻ
ڴʱԼİ˫˫أͬʱһʱ֮Զһ־뾯裬Ƿһˣҫˡ
ɽڵرߣͷ£ǰһƬŨֻǻɽײһƬҽβ棬Ҳû˼ȵĸо
˶гʶһɽܳľʵǹصúܣϰҫʧж϶ҫһɽڲˣҴ˵̬ԿȻȥһˣܿѾõǼƽ׵Ҫ
࿴һ̧ۣҪʱȻһ٣һֻǿƽסá
Ҿ㻹ȽϺã
ץסǳ°ʱֻƾһ֮㽫ס߼ηѲȻа°ʵǿɵݣĻصһûȥ㣬㵽ң°ôô
һôһһ룬֮ҪħűȰ㲻Ҫ°ЦһڵȻļЧ°ͷʵԳȣȻȦס
ҪǾܾأŤͷ°ɱˣתһᣬֱʮɣ˵ƿɨҪ°𿪡
ɲۺ籩жңȴʼղ°ƶ֣°ĺһԲǺƥеģȫ֮£̩ɽֻİסļûһ˿ƶļ
°ǿֹоޱȣĴҲһţʵȻв㶥⣬ҲСʮɹ¶𲻿°Գ°ʵҪں֮ϡ
һʱһʱҪϹӲдǰûܾʸ񣬸ҹȥ
°һȣǰסͷȻһĺһɽһ񱬷ȫû⣬ֻܱ°Ƶĸ׷ɵֱֱɳʮײסΣԵ쳣Ǳ
°ʲô˼жҪܰɣԳ°ʵȻɲ֮˳°һۣͺȵ
ûʲôʵûжģֻϣλܹڰҫǰʱԭأҪȰҫԺȻλһ˵ȻһЦ°ߣǰĴ΢Ц
Ǻǣƾһ仰ǾҪԹԵţ᲻̫쿪ˣ˵£֮ǰӶȻһԵļơ
ʵ¸ҫûʲôޣֱӵģӵĶûУǿǸ˳ۣҲ֪ǳڶʼòǵžսʱһ֮֮һһЦͲһҪһ
΢΢һ㶣һۣĻصѾ£ǲҲû취ȥҪûˣ
һ䣬ҫֵܣ˾ͽͬʱһſǰҲ˵ʲô˼൱ԣǾ仰ȥûǸˡ
ķֺãǰĴüֹµĻҲõ˵ϿɣʵʵҲɲǲϿɣΪһʵ֮ǿѾ˸֮еκһǿһ
Ҷġ١ָС°ټ˾ͽң֮ûһǺǵǳ°֮ǰһ־ܿһ˾ħӢˣ˼ȻܹͬжʵҲ˶ٲŶԣ˲òϣ˵ĽϳĴ޷ƥС
Ǻħűš塢ĴĴͷˣԶһۣ֮ƺڴϢ֮ƺʲôʶǰһȻҪ֦ͬĵס
ʱɽѾ˽ŵĵزպǽţڻɽڲĸƽ̨ϣҫһԹڵϣǰһǼǿ̸
Ǽܻ˵ǰڰҫ˵ֱǰδģֻǼܵĽ֮ǿԭʧģҲƽ˲١
ֱǸǼ߶߶û꣬ҫѾӾʧ룬һְȻĹģιΣòϣǼ֪Ķǲ٣̸֪֪ͨ񣬼ûʲô֪ġ
ҫڹǼܵͬǻǳǹǼΪʲôǰ̸ֹԭʵðҫ̾Ϊֹ
һֿĽϣα˿йǽһסԪǼ֮ϣӶ¹Ǽܷ·һж˵ֽǻķѾ൱ˣѾʧˡ
ַҪʵҲǧѣȾͱҪͨһ㣬ǾǺԪϣ޷ڣȻܴﵽǻĵز
ԳʥĹǼܣһ۰İҫ֮ƺΪŭһҫǰͳȵСһģϷôҪʲôֱ˵Ϸ򲻻ģǺǣ
ңңǰˣǰƽ¼ʵǹھֻһʱ𾪣ûлعѣ
еǧƨҫⷬһ˵ڣֱʥЦֻһǼ˫ֲЦڰҫôôù졣
ҫΪʲôҪΡΡֺʥΪʱʥסҫʱ˳סһĺ˹Ҳ⵽һ̶ȵӰ죬볣졣
ʲôʵʥ˵ǻֻǰʵֻʵܽҫһ·⾡ͬʱ˹Ҳǿƹرˣ֪ǰ۷ʵ²ֹ뻯ô򵥣ӰҫͨߵʵΡ
ʵҫҲãҲֻ˳Ȼڲ˵ĻҲ޿ɺǵģҫôһˣ֪ʲôʱʲôΪǶԷԼۣǰܣԼǫһЩҲȻ
Ц֮ͷһŤҫڵ˵£СһңƷʲôϵаСʲôϵʵǣаԣϷ̱㣡
ʥһ䣬һױȵĺɱϯİҫͷëը·ֻҪԼĻһԷ⣬ͻɥ
ҫľҲֻһ˲֮һƽ̧̬ͷʥ𣬿ڵСǼҸĸڽǰиҫǰȡ汦
ʱڵ캣ߵԴһ춯һŰ׻ĺͯһʱ꣬һĵۺУһĸߴ׳һ޾׵
˸̤˶дϰĿⶼһǰҫһڵĻɽڡ


ʮ һ컯
СĺôԭѾô˰ʥһ̾ϢȻʱֻʣһǼܣǹľ֮⣬ɷǳԵıҫ׽
ҫ˵Լ֮ǹ˵ɱʧӰ٣ȡ֮ľ֮⣬ھܾúܾǰ
һа˴£ǸͬЦŭͬͬѪʱֻǵʱѾ׽ˣЩһʱˡ
ҫһ˼ӣҲôţôһߣӶԷ֮ǰĻ߱ȻԼ˫׵ľʶֻԼ˫׽Ӵ֪ԷĴڶѡ
СһȻǰСĺˣôϷϷҲȻֶأ㸸ĸѣҵǿָ㼸£ĸĸ˵СʵҸӦڵʱѾµǵĺˣֻ׿ڳҸӷĶѣʥһֺͰƵɤڵ
лǰǰɷིһЩйҸĸЩ¼ҫϥعʩͬʱһƤЦĿڵ
Ŷ㲻֪ûи˵Щ¼ʥʵ
ġҫһεĽԼľ˵һ飬ʥҲԽԽζȻϯضȫһµ״̬ҫԼˡ
ԭˣСһﻹǺԣôõĵӣԭԼģûһһãããǿźӣϷһ컯ˣʥҫľ֮޲ڵ˵
˵ʵڵģҫľԼζ죬أԼһжԼͣǰҫ֮ҵԼĸĸ壬ҲûеԴһʥ˵ʵ͵ĺܣҪΪҫʲô
ǰҸСǰȽҪǱ𵶡ҫһɵЦɦɦͷƳǱ𵶣Ц
Ǻǣ㵣ʲôⶫƷɽйܵģȻȡôҲö˵ʲôˣ϶СַˣĻ壬Ʒɱסˣʥ˫ָ𵶻˵
ҫɵˣʥ˼ֻʶԼĸĸѣƷɶʶ԰ҫǻȻܷЩǵбȻʲô˿ƵĹϵ
ֻǿʥļƺ˵ʲôҫҲöʣȻҫ𵶵ĺҲͬأǱ㿪ʵǰɷ֪𵶵ʲôͷΪã
ΪΪ˴˵̾ͻᱻ˸ɣʲôͷ֪ʲôǳôʥͷʵǿͷȻ飬ҫǿԲԷսթЦݡ
ҫͷ˼һ󣬻鼮ϿйسĴ
˼֮ϵľ˵ɲЩֻ΢ĩܵҲ˵Ĵڱⷽأû֮һ
֮Ի֮ϣֻϵǿԼ޼᲻ݵһ߱ǿ޸ģӵ
йسĴ˵ҫ鼮Ͽģ¼ĲֻֻƬˣô죬ôͣЩʲôͳͳûм¼Ψһ֪ⷽصĳֻ
һٵ̹Ÿһԯһ犣ض犡һſž񣬻صľܣǰҲǳûм¼鼮ϡ
ҴǰҪ˵Ǵ´࣬ҪΪĻԵеͨˣƺûаҫеǰ㺧š
ҫ¶ɻıʱʥƺ˰ҫĻɣͷЦͣȥĺܣҲҫٴθеһ˿ķΧ
ǲ룬˵еĳֻԯ̹Ÿ붫犣û𵶵Ĵڣ𵶿ȥͨ䲻ְʥЦҫҲһĵͷ
ʥ˵ͷŵ뷨Ҳģ¶Գļ¼Ѿʮһˣ֮侭һʣ¾ųɾŵĳ֮䣬ⷽдڵĳҲֻ߼ˡ
ǰ𵶣Ż𵶣ߴ֮һŻֻǳߴ󲿼еһҪһ
ûд˵Ҳֻһͨı㲻ϣֻоŻֲܽװ͡
ʥ˵֮󣬰ҫ˶еˣؿɲܿģؼǿ֮߼ﻰ񵱳ֹ߼ô㣬Ӧλλϵ
һʲôĸʱĽôǿô˵ִĳ֣˵ûʲô;ԣǶԿָĿܳŰҫĴԣ뵽һĿԡ
ҫʥ˵ǳʣԼ֪ǳǧǰؾޱϵһֻ⵱еһƺĳֶϲ㣬еӲϵĸоҫ˼޹Ҳֻʱһߣȴǰ¡
ǰ֮ǰǷߵ⣬ɣҫĺһڣƽԺµ뷨ʵ
ʥ˵ͷصûÿԼͬһ㵹Ǹ죬Ȼ̬Ҳͬǵǰ׺ͿԿˣΪһף춯ػƽף
춯ػƽףǰľܶҪõʲôΣ˰ɣҪϽ룬ףǰһ֮Уҫһ֮ɫдʡ
ʥ֮ȴǹһЦİҫļ򣬿ڵСһ赣ģƷɵʵԳⷽûҲûʲôܽȵƷʵ˵޵֮ⷽˣ
һ䣬ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴̾ϢһҡҡͷƷӴĲǺҲûж٣ÿγֽ޵е̬ҫɹѹء
޵֮ⷽ䣬ҫݺȭѪڣԣгһҫҲҪôƺ
ˣ֪ģҲ˵ĲˣһЩڲ֪ģҪԼȥˣŻҵķӡ棬Ҫȥ⿪ֻʵҪһֽš㣬СһϷ˵Ҫһ컯ôھͿʼɣʥҫڵ
ҫҲƴǣϥһһڵǰˣ
ţĸǳʵ񾫴ΪȻߣʤĸ£ȫԽսǣȻܽǾҲͬʱֵزʵܿɹķȷǾϣһЩԵеˣ
ʥ䣬ָһҫüģ漴һץһöһƯϡ
ҫȻһϿƻʥµԼ˹ܶʧˣʥϣʲôʵõĸϵͳĴ֮һʥµĴڡ
򷨟oѪԪ󷨡бͫⷽǿӵ֣ǿĽǾҲ֮Ķһַ֧ռȫˣôѾûбҪˣﾡãҰñȽһɣٺ٣
һ䣬ʥһգ㱻ɷĩ


ڰʮ ﾡãҶ
ҫĿ˹лʥµͬʱ飬ûһ˿żõɫΪûзϡ
ʵŰҫĲϱǿ˹ʥ¶԰ҫ˵ѾûиտʼӴʱôˣΪʵѾĳʵԣԲŻмһˡ
ǻʥ£԰ҫĶΪ׵ķʥ³Ƶй֮޲ʥ´ڵĺôҲͽʣһ㡣
һ㣬԰ҫ˵ҲǿпޣϾ˼£ҫӲ֮棬֮˱ֶǲضãôǷôҪôѾûˡ
Ȼ˹ܵĴڣ˵ˣڰҫû򷨟oʱʵַֺã԰ҫ˵ǿҫԺǿԵ൱ˡ
Ϊ˹ܵʾԣҫжֱݣͫϣҫΧһﶼָƵĵز
ʥҫ޶ԵģҲԽͰҫеĲ󣬰ҫܹ㿴Щ֮ȻǶԼʵţʥοΪĹ۵ҫ࣬Լʵʵõġ
ʥǽָͣİڶţһɵİ֪סʲôʥϲͣĻѹš
һʥϵİѾ۳һҰСţۣĵ˵ͷݸҫڵ
ҫӹ֮󣬺Ĵŵİҫţһɻʵǰǡ
㲻֪кôˣʥİҫļ򿪿ڵ
ҫ˵ͷһϥ˫Ŀ𣬾񣬿ʼеİţʥŽʱѾˣתްһָ
ʥ˵֮ͷҲصתŻ𵶣ͬʱﾡãӦûСһһŶԣٺ٣
ʥ˼һأŻ𵶣ָһ𵶵ĩˣ漴һҫ۵Ľŷʥǰ漴˫ֵվ֮£һϸ緢İɫ˿ӵ˽֮ϣƺ߽ʲô
ƷɣѾ㲼µһ֣ϣðɣ
ʥŽ𵶣һǼܾȻֳһ壬üĿţӢһͿʥϴһֵİ֮⣬ǶƸе񿴵ĲֻǾŻ𵶣һС
ʱҫţһɹʵȻдȵʥڸŻ𵶽⣬صĳƱҪڲ֮ʡ
ר־Լ£ڻɽ֮ѾһţŰҫֵǸĴĲɿߵоŲ·磬ռϷ磬סɽڣĴԽ׳ذ벽
䣡
һ죬°һȭأǿ˷·쫷һɨķɵʮ׿⣬ͻȻһƷ俪ֱ°ţ;ף׺
°ЦһһӽƷɢǰǿȰӰգۼ˫ƿ䲻ͣƺһ㾪ޱȣѹ°ȥ߲Ųæǿǿ˫ȭƿ籩һӡչҵײƼ产ˡ
Ԫơҵԭ
L񹦡ˮذȭʮʽŭХ
°ȭֿޱȣȭˣǺ°ƴһϢҵʱѳܲס˫۹ҪѿһʹѵѪƽϢֻܳˡ
Ҫˣ°ɲᣬ˫ſһգ˫һһǿ罫漴ֳص˳°ǰȭͺںϣݺݺɡ
L񹦡ذȭʮʽԣ
°Դ˿Լȭͷ֮ǰǼȭƺţʵԼȭϵһᾢ߳ϣʵ˺޵ĺܣˢӣвҴ⡣
ڳ°֮ӰӰԴһһ׵ͣĲһԶԶȥ°һƲƲ죬
Ӱ˭ҶĶ֣Ķ˭Ǿ꣬ⰫھʲôݣھǾŴ֮һĵס
ÿṦշҪָ²ɣҶЦһ˷ޱȣҵһٶԼµṦ֣ǿŲʼįĺʤ쳣˷ܡ
ҲҪ㣬ûһʱǲˣ͸úñȱȰɣβͣٴܶһЦ˵
˫Ŀһͬʱһٶּӿ˼֣˴˽ԷסûжʱȥΧľƣȻڳÿһԼĶ֣Ȼֲ֡
˵һˣߴ׳ݺݵĶŹٲţ׳ҲǾŴ֮һϰ˵Ľ⥣һ
һѧ°һͬȭ֣ʵ֮ǿھеһŽǰʮ֮Уһ֡ڤȭڹķħȭ;ףʯУƴ󿪴ϣԵƥʵǿ
ǣλ͵еӵ£ԹʱνһĪչĹͣûа취ƹٵķֳٵĹ٣ֱһͭǽڽһ֮⣬Ҳһ˿
㲻ֵĻҿҪˣƳһһ˵
һҧгݣԶٵĻƣͺȵٷϻʲôоʹҳҹķҪȹҲδҵĶԡ
һһû˵ǰɫȭӰĳԼ֮ˣƾ˵̵ɽ飬͵亹ֱ¶һֲ˼һӣȫÿһ缡һʹֹ֣Һͣ
fɱ֡ʱĪ
ȭȭռˣƵɢһ̹⣬ۼһûȭ֮У˵
߹׾ٵĻһǱ˾ͽָжǸŰ֮Ʊîˣеɲ飬ŶӾȻҲĸ֣⵹ָжʼδġ
ָΪŵĵһţһ˵ģָпû¹˭˾ͽҵĸ£ŶӶ൱ѽѷָ֣Ҳǿ̬¶ǺöԸѾױ˳
ǰתƵߣûг֣Ϊ֣Ҳ̳֣Ķ꣬иԭ򣬾ǲŮˣŮȴһʿɡ
ƫƫҲ֣ΪðҫΪ˻Ʒжֵܲýύһټ֮ǰĺɺǷͬȻ˵ֻҪԼͬˣ;Բ˺ԷǺʹԭزˡ
ֻ˲ߵ˴Ŀɻˣӵ֮òŮӣˮĶһ¡
һǾ֣һǾ֣һԶһսŮ֮е̳治жѷɫ٣кֱҪ֪˻Ϊв֮أٲȻһƴļơ
ֻҪòл
УҸҫʲôûУҪл˵ˣòԼôð
Ѱ·
Ǻǣƾ㣬㻹

һԵǶ˵ĶԶ࣬вĳһ뷨պ£ҲҪŮˡ


ڰʮһ 𵶽⣡һӹ
PS˵ģһ⣬ǲģģģУɶƱûǾˣܿ԰ɣ
ɽڲƽ̨֮ϣҫ˫ۣһԾģ˫ۣ˫ۣһ˫ƤǦƵĽһôûֿ
տʼʱҫǳĲ죬ֱеİű֮ͱòһˣڰҫֳԾı飬ԼƺԶ۾ˣΪʱԺеľ󣬱۾Ҫֱ͸
ڰҫԺУܵһж״ǳľϸһֱ쵽ܵұϣƬڵһжڰҫԺгֳҲ˵ԲڵһжӲҫĸ֪
ҫˣ֪Ű֮϶ʲô˵ı仯仯Ҳе̫ˡ
ĸ֪£ҫ֪Ⱦĵزκһһҫǰ֪ӦжϣҲ˵ĸ֪ΧڣҫԶһ
ҫԼľƽȥֱ仯뵽Լġ򷨟oϼصĵڶƪ鶯ķƪʱҫı仯һģһ
Ҳ˵ҫġ򷨟oͻһƪӶʵһ¥δͻǰŷ츲صı仯Ƚʱİҫ׾ٵĴδͻǰԼΪ֪ȾϵȻ
ͻƶڰҫ˵Ѿ㹻ϲˣǣӾϲ½ҫ֪ԼͻƸ˹йأʥĴܽ仯Ϊĳܴʹҫͻơ
ɵҫֻʥ»ڵʱ򣬾Եе㲻֪ˣʥ²ֹڣһҫ׵ĽһҪǿɽɱֻҪҫľΪͻȥʥ½չֳ
ܵ˵˹ܱʥܻע˰ҫʧȥ˹ܵ󣬻ʥɰҫȥƣһһ԰ҫΪ˵ָıǰҫõġ
ܺӦ̫ˣҪģȻʥµļֵұֻҪܽȥ˵бʲôֵŻдãҪĻ˹һĶõұʵʵ̫ˣҫ˷֮飬ôɵǺǵЦš
ʱڸ𵶽ʥֵ¶һֻĵЦݣܸоҫɹõԼǷ컯кǿο
ʥ˫һеİɫϸȻһ۵İ׹⣬˿߻뽫Żܲ͸ĲֱΪһԲεľ޴ӡ
Ӧòˣ֪Ͳôķӡˣƽ鷳ʥ̾Ϣһţ漴ֳԲ룬ľŻ𵶺ݺݳ
𵶱֮һ֮ǰ׹⻹ҪĿĽ⣬ܻ谵ĿռյĻյһֻǽûάֶãŻˣ֮ǰԵø֮͸¶һˣԣ֮
ʥһһڰҫԺԵ쳣ֻʥ𽫽𵶶ҫ˳һӣŻ𵶾׼ıС
гľŻ𵶣һ쳣ܴҫڣҫ͵˫Ŀһ񹦱һޱȵĻˣƽ̨ĵܷӿȥ
纣ڣԭ֮ͣƽ̨֮ǣҫ͵ܻתУĹͱҫջڡ
ҫĹھŻ𵶵ܴ߻£־ˣξӵһӵĹһ=60꣩νڹķڹϵȻ¸Խ󣬱ϾҪʱȥġ
ȻĲΣԹĽҲҪãٸӣ˵ҫľ񹦣ÿͻһҵĹôھʱľһ˱ľ
ҫʮĹô֮£Ҳ൱ڶʮҵĹϾΪʱɹҫﵽ񾳵ʱ൱ֶľǰҲıҵĸ
ҫʮĹ֮Ҳʮ꣬԰ҫҹͣĿޣϾʵɹĸټͫĸ붫ռʱľʹðҫʵľ񹦣ȴӵʮĹ
񹦵ھ2.7Ͼϵ׸һ׳ʱڣǿȥˣıϵĸҫӵһӹҲӦġ
ҫĹԼĺüȥĻԻĳЩƽӹһӲŵһӹϼһѪҫ΢Цͣоڻƥָоҫ൱̹
СһԵȻþŻܣɲأʥȻã֣沿ѾԳֱˣǱ㿴΢Ц˵
Ż𵶵ܣҪΪҫ΢΢һ񣬿ڵ
ǺǣĵҪôĻΪֹֻ֪ǲ֪ȥôʥת΢Ц
ҫʥֵòԵúǲ죬кǸʲô̬ڹǼʵ֮Ĳ֣ͣðҫǷѽ⡣
ˣһûӣΪĹȣŻᵼ̬ϵĲȶһͺãŻ𵶵ķӡѾڿˣʥ˰ֿڵ
ҫ˵ͷʥһֿۣڵҪǰһ뿪ɣʱǰһȥҵף˵ʲô취ǰѽ
壿ǺǣСһﻹ룡ʥһЦҡͷ̾Ϣ
ѵûһ˵ǰȻڹǼ֮ϣӦҲܸ֮ϲŶѽҫһɻʵ
壬廹ȷǿеģֻ⵱лҪҵ󷨣Ϲʮ֮һġɾͬʱ²Żɹңһǳ󷨰ҸסˣҵĻֻڴ˴ҳȥʥ΢΢һЦڵ
ҫ˵ͷ漴յȭ֣µ˵ǰ˷飬ģǰкηԸкԸδˣԸһе
ǺǣСһ֪ͼƷвȻ㶼˵ˣϷͲˣϷһ£Ҫͣʥ΢Ц
ǰֱԷԸɣҫضǣҫԴǵ˵
£˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳףֻɱ˰ˣ
ˣǰʾ£
Ψһ״ӣҺ˲˹ʻȪаľŴʥ֮һħʥʥ𻺻˵֮ʱһޱȵɱһţȻԼΨһ״ӿ˵Ǻ֮ǡ
ҫһ㶣漴¶һѪޱȵɭȻЦݣڵǰģ׼ǰ
ʥ˫Ŀ΢΢΢ЦͽҲأˣСһȻˣǺˣҲ˳ã
һǰأ˷ûպԵ㹻ؽǰ˵أ
ҫһɫʥҲܿҫǳĵģĵ˵ͷҫһȭ𣬲Ͻ֮£ŻɽڷɴܶȥʥŰҫʧ֮̾Ϣһεҡҡͷ
ƷɣҴӦˣӦҵأͿСôѰ


ڰʮ ʮжԼ벻ܣ
ҫص֮ǰһĻˣԭԼڣȺ̾͸˸ˣ治ͣѹķſҫҲһɰ֮顣
ԼֵܹǿԼҲ棬Ȼе㣬ȻôȥҲǸ취ҲҪиģҫҪǣ˫侲Ȼٺúýʣµ¡
ˣסְɣ
ҫǰݱս֣ҡҡͷ΢ЦĻûжວ˵ƣ͸ƽʱ˵ûʲô˵ÿһֶÿһ˵ĶУֶĿǿˡ
ҫһ䣬˶漴תͷһϲҫߣķɫһһɵ˿ҫŵǱ֮ɫͱ÷ḻ
ҫ߾Ͳ˵ˣ˾ͽҡָСչ⣬˶ǴһֺĿ⿴𵶣Ȼǰ˿˾Ż𵶵ԣܻ֪ʲô˾ڿԼһ·ƴƴֵֵˡ
ķߣ½üͷһĿŰҫϵĽ⣬Լͬ¶һ̰Ŀ⣬ĶŰҫеĽ𵶲ţٲȻһҪΪеĴ㣬ǵԿҲ֪Ż𵶵ʵֵ
ҫϵǾŻ𵶰ɣŴ֮һġһ΢Цʵ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Цǣ
˫Ŀһ΢Ц
ƾʲôҫЦеĻص
㲻߲״һŵ΢ЦڵߵħӢŶӽҲǵͷͣĿŰҫ
ˣ˵ˣǾŸ߸򲻹ټҵĻǸ߲ôҫҡͷЦ˫Ŀ絶ֱƽףƼ䶦ʢߵֵҲͦͦţһ˵ı飬һûҧ顣
Ǻǣҫ㿴ȥŰɣҸģӮˣ½𵶣ǰȻȥˣҶ˱˳ⳡᣬ۾Ż𵶻˭Ƕ֣Σ״ݲȵ˵ϵЦʮ㡣
ҫ˵ͷʳָڵһ˻Ҫ֮ǰõƽףΣ
΢΢һ㶣΢ЦͷڵˣҪ¾񹦵ڹķôְɣ
ԣ˵ɣʲôҫ˵ͷ΢Ц
ʮ֮ڽ㳹׻ܣ˫Ŀ΢΢һ˿⣬Ǹ߸Цʮ㣬һֲĸо
ҫ񣬿ڵȷ
ҷǳȷ
׵Ļڳ˵˶¶һֲı飬ҫʵжǿǽֵ˶֪ǻͷɲǴʵʵģʵҪ߹Ҫ˵û°ҫ
ɽȴʮ֮ڰ°ҫڳ˶һ췽ҹ̷ĸоȴΨߵһȴЦͣһʮı顣
ҫСģСףṦ֮£֮ǰ׽ֵҶģڰҫСѵҫ΢Цĵ˵ͷӱϿͬʮġ
ô֣Ҳ޻˵ɡֳֵֻҪʮܱ֮ҳ֣͵ˣҫ΢Ц
һ˶һ׵ĿѾ˺ǾˣɰҫĻȽ׻еѽˣķʶΪҫʵòͷ׶ɫŭ
ûҫǿɽҲĪṦҶĶй֮޲ƿƷɶֲʧͣṦศɣҶ佻ֶδռϷ磬ҶԷƺʵɲ⡣
ɻѾ˵Ȼûջصĵǰ⣬¶һֻı飬ҫĲҫߵֵܶͶĿ⣬ƺڰְҫеԴˣ׷ҡͷֹ
ҫ΢΢һЦҲеκһڵô
ͬʱһ㶣ЦͬʱҶģ߷˷ۣİҫļ򿪿ڵ㻰ˣҲֻѽҲҪĳŵֲǸģᲢ۵
åоҲԸ񣬷İɣҲ䣡ҫҶĵؿһȭЦϵЦݣԵʮ㣬˼֮Ҳ໰΢Цͷ
Ѿͷһֱû̬ôҫֿЦ
ҫ磬УԶ޵еģȻһЦ˵ҫЦݸʢԴǰ
ʱҫĿԣ˺óˮҫǴݵ΢ЦԵ֮࣬ǰҫǷѾŭ
ҫ㲻Լ̫һô˫ۣҫЦƳŽװ˰֣ŵ΢Цζʮ㡣
һ˫ĿݺҧƤѪ沿Ʊü䱩壬أѪʢϢϵԽǿֻգ֮ڶĸıˣ쳣׺
ܵ䣬һأѪ
÷亹Ҳǵ۽Ȼ֪ǶԼʵȻôֱ۵ĸı䣬ôķȱȻС
ȻеǵõԽҪܵĿȻ࣬ʵԽ󣬵Ƚ֢֮ͬҲֲԳܵĵزֻǿ߹Ӧûпǵ㡣
ʱڽ׸ոճͻһ˲䣬һɼ产˵ӿǿѹ֮£ȻΧ˶ѹ˺üһĶøʮסΣԵ쳣Ǳ
ڳ֮ϣûбɷѹ˵ֻˣһǳ°ֱֻ̩ɽǿľûƶһԿԿ°ĶҪʤһһǰҫˡ
Խ׵ı仯ԼĿѹҫԵúܵ˿δԽǿԼ͵ľ磬ҫԵ쳣ȡ
ʵķʽϻ֮ʱҫѾʩչ֮ʵһ࣬ȻͬһţǾ֮һôбȻǻģõĻҪá
ڽ׵ֻ֮Ųһʧǰڳ˶ˣǿ׵Ӱǰʧˡ
ڰҫǰʧֻ֮΢΢һЦ˫̧ۣʳָһָָҲ࣬ǰһɫâ漴һ˿Ѫɽ
׵³ǰֻһľ֮ɫ˫۵ɵõļҪۿ麹ͣĵ촽΢΢Ȼ֮ǰһŵòᡣ
ڽ׵ҼϳһɼǵпڣѪ˳ֱۣһһεĴָڵϣȻǱҫ̽ˡ
ʱ˶ˣҫֵǣһľ֮ɫС΢ųȦ״׵ٶȿ쵽ӰĵزѾ㹻ˡ
ɰҫأ׼ȷĲ׽ˣ˵ʲô˵ҫǿѾѾ˶뵽󣬲һμľ룬ʵ˲òò
ⲻܣôܸҵٶȣôģ׾ʧһţԼٶȺţʱ˿űҫһնϸ顣
ΪʲôܣҲȻܿҪûϵоУ棡ҫ˫ۣɭһЦЦýףΧ˶˸


ڰʮ ܽףƾ
⡮򷨟oĵڶƪ鶯ķƪȷǸҫ˲СľϲڰҫԺеܵһﶼϸֻҪеһУӲҫĸ֪
Ϊÿһķ񣬾һӴ㣬κﴥ񣬶һ΢ʱﷴҫڰҫܹӵ֪ȾϵȻ
ˣڶƪ鶯ķƪ԰ҫ˵ǿĸʵ˵Ҫıͫ
ͫڶѪ¶ȣԼе͸ӣλʵã帨ûԲģԸƶĿ޷׼ȷĶλⵥ֪Ϊ׼ȷ
ʱٴʧǰֳٵƶֳʮУܲ׽Ӱ˿Ҳ˶ѣҶһ°Ҳһֻ˿ñȽǿǶҲǲ׽׵ӰôǿˣӦǲܸϡ
ֳΨһܸҲˣ˰ҫ⣬ֻʣˣˮĴۣתУ׵ӰΣε
Ҷ°ͬʱһ֮󣬽ľѣ˴˶һۣҡͷЦʵһֱûȥޣûùȫ˵ʵ»ڰҫ֮£ڵİҫ
УУУһֱǸȫûһ˿ڣ޴֣ȥұذɣɴӲƴˣ
Ѿʼ𽥵Ļ֮ǰºʮ֮ڴܰҫɰʱȥˣԼȻֻΧתһжûù
ãòÿһаյʱ򣬸ҪУҫ־΢΢ڶö׼ķŵæת䷽򣬿ɰҫҲ׷ôֱͣϷˣ쳣Ľ겻
ûͷӬƵҷɣҲҵǾͻɣСˣҫǸ߸߹ȻһЦָٳ塢̡Ľ׼һ
ɫâѸȥƼ죬Ѹײڶ֮ƽ׵һʱ˸ţȸһ䴩͸αƳˡ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ЦһһٶȿľˣֻȽһֶѣգۼѵǰ˳һֱ׼򣬺߶Ȼһ˫̧
ҫһжأڽ˵ֱһɽѹı۰ϣ˵ĵҵĵѹİڵ档
˫ϴľʹ࣬죬ɲηȴʼûа취𿪰ҫҫĸо·ħһ㣬Ѿ
ܸо⻹ǰҫȫʵֻҪҫԼ᲻Ͳ˵ˣһ˫۰סˣֲĵֱӰһ˫ֱ۸ն
ʮ֮ڰңףĴ˵ĻǴ󰡣֪ôҪо͹ˣ
ҫɭһЦ˫ĿͶĺ⣬Ľ׶һƤ漴һɲģˮ׼ӣʮɹʮɣҪҫΪԼһ档
׵ķ񱬷ͣǿľ쫷ɨ˫һɽһӿƼ产ˡ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢Ƶһɣ˸գһ𾢼ģӡڽ׵֮ݺݱһӽ׵ıŷܳ͵һѪ˱ɳʮ֮ԶؿϳһĿĵĻӡ
ơɽ
ҫӮˣӮĸɴ䣬һӵĹȷʵ䶼ѣ֮´ܽףʼնֶֻѣʵ֮ǿڳĿɿڴܹƥеĿҲֻг°ˡ
⣬ôܣ
һ˫ۣѵһڿˮҫӾ֣֪ҫǿ֪ҫȻôǿ
ԭΪʹʮ֮ڰܲ˰ҫҲʧʵʵ۾װܵĸɴ࣬ҲκɣĿõġ
һǾ仰Ϊʲôܣҵǿô޷ôҫһʧһЦһ߾εһַ֮ġ
԰ҫһѾˣоԼ֮궼ܳҫȻνħԶǰҫһУѾΪеһûȥԡ
ҫ磬ǸɽʲôôȻô̵ʱӵһӵĹϲɺأҫǰЦ˵ҫΪ֮һ㶣Ǻֱܷĳ
Ѿͷô֪һӹģҫһʵ
һֺܹŹֵҫİҫֱë漴ڵҫ粻֪ôﵽһΪģѾȫͬˣһϵ仯ľѾĳɫɽɫѽ
Ļҫܲ˼ɦɦף˵ʵڵ治֪ɲǰǸٿȫ飬ʲô֪ʲôĳЩѧʶϣҫԲġ
ҫֵܷ׷ǰŰҫ۲ͣڸ̾ҫǿͬʱҲ԰ҫͻĿֲʵе棬һĬԵĹ٣ͣѯʰҫڻɽڵĻ
ҫ΢Цͣ򵥵˵һԼʥ֮£Ҳаֹ̾ȻеĽǻֶĽ֮ҲΪҫеˡ
ϾҫĺԼģ͵˼ʹĽҲʲô֮飬ΪҫеˣϾÿһҫѣֵܣֻοἵʡ
Ӧûسŵɣ֮󣬰ҫ俴һһڽѾҫĻ˹ȥƼأܹģҲֻһˡ
˵㻰ŻҶ˲ˣøǣУ⻹ˣһ̾ϢһȻ԰ҫ⣬ֳڻڵģһСӣǰһƯҫǰ
ҫӹ֮ϸĿһֱۣƽ׵Ĳսѥףҫ΢΢ͷ΢Цһһۣٴ̾ϢһˣΪ˹ˣ˼Ծǳ˳ԾŻ𵶵ᡣ
ҫҲΪתЦأʲô̬ȣ˵Ļ͸Ұ·óҪĻҰҫ㵽ס
ҫʵĶְȻûˣҶ˳Ʊ΢΢һЦڱԼһ̬ȣֻЦԵе㲻⣬ͺʲôƵġ
ҫ˵ͷ΢΢һЦͬЦĸĪ⣬ͬʱֿ꣬ǰ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷһ˼ҲˣҲ˳ˡ
ʱֻʣħűĺûб̬ˣֻ˵ı֣ЦЦ·ʲôƾӰҫǿʵһ㡣
ҫ¾ŻףұǻȥǰһЦ
ںһ˲䣬ǰһһգ۶ʱŻѾѹļϣֻҪ΢һ£ͻ촦յİҫɭޱȣֱĿź
ҺֻҺܺ棬ʲôƾ֪ҵĶ֣˵Ļҫ˫Ŀ΢΢
ôܱȽǿֻҵƾ㹻ʸ˵ĻͬЦ޿ֵĶŰҫڴʱһصɤǳͻأ˵ĶС
СĻҵĻ½𵶣ǿԹˣ


ڰʮ ħӲ
ͻأҵͳˣڳ˳˺ⶼݺݵһ˵ĸ֪ûзΧʲôǱ֪ǿİҫҲûУһ֮ɫ
ΪûзֶԷ٣ɼʵ֮ǿȻ֮ϣݲ䱾죬ѾĪˣҫǽԼʩչ֮Ƿ˶ԷټҲпǶԷðҫֵġ
ҫ͵̧ͷ˫Ŀһ漴ЦôͷŻô
ԽǺ治ѣͬʱŰҫĿ⿴ȥǰһ̤գٿⲽĳ̬ж붼룬Ҳǳ񾳵ߡ
׳һ**¶ĽɫԵø¶ļ·ʯһβɴݣŽɫߣгɭйصƣ̤ն˵ֻױˡ
ɫߣħ֮һĽħ°һˣϵɱֹסķ񱬷һ˫ĿĶӲţ׺ݣʵ
ʮǰħű־ɵĽ°ʮɱĸɸɾǵǰ˱Ⱥ֮У֮ǰŻһרϺ
ǰϵӣǴħűĴͷˣħĸĸףλ綼ϣȫȫʬ
ʣ֣ߣһʰ㣬ȸҹһȥ
ħδֱ䣬·һëһƮȻأס֮Ƴһ۳°һǿľ˲ͣӭֱ°ȥ°̧־Lĺһʮɹµһȭǣ˾һĻˡ
°ȭ׺ǿޱȣԽħӳľһȣֱǾκеСۣ׾ٵķѹ˻ȥȥƲѹ֮ǿ°Ϣ
ħһɨ֮ķǳ׼ȷֻԳ°һˣûһ˿Ӱ죬ڳ°ţԭΪԼѾ㹻ǿˣǴﵽĺһҿѹ֮󣬸˵ġ
ɾǻѪҪ½Ժ󣬾ȥħűűʱʵȴһݺݵĶ⣬Լ˵һɨ֮Ӳ£̸ʲô𣬼ֱǸЦȥȥ࣬°Ц˫ĿԾϮԲٷ
飡
һ죬°еʮֵĲ죬ԤԼӦñݺɨɣ˲ǣʵϾƱʿߣԹߣ˫ʱһߴıӰǰǰֳֽǾߣ˭˰ҫҲû˭ˡ
ʲô㣡ΪԼûϣˣ׳գǻᣬһãеʱ䣬еϣҫһûİһ۳°һȻ˵
һ仰·һӳ°ԺûԼᣬкܴĽռ䣬кܶĻûз֣ԼȷûǸʵȥ𣬵ʮأʮأı˳ô
L񹦻һһд˵еѪһжʱֻҪԼиŬȥȥһ׾١
°˰ҫһۣ̾Ϣһڵлˣֵܣ
Ӧõģҫ΢΢һЦڻش
СṦȻﵽһӵĳ̶ȣȷܿɹ󣬲ͷĻƾʵǲģħƳһۣ
ǺǣЩϼһôͿԲҪ̶ֳȣĵûһģȷϲ񻹲磬Լ֪ԴС֮£ѵͲôҫƳ˽ħһۣЦһڿ
СڱǰüԶԸ˵ǿ㣬ڰǰֻ·Ҫô½𵶣жԶԶҪôֱ㣬Ϣʱ俼ǣħȻҪ˾Ż𵶡
һ䣬ҫüħ̬˼ԼҲκӦ֮֮׽ԼʱϵĸϲϣҲֻԤһˣɹȻٺòҪǲɹҲֻܽˡ
ʱ䵽Сһ𸴣ϣ㲻̫ħ̤һҫǰĵĲҫԼֵͬʱһħǳȻʵˡ
ۼħͻȻҫ̾һ漴Ǹ߸ЦŻ𵶲ȡҲֻǴȡ֮ħͲ֪˭ô
ûȤֻ֪ҪҾͿˣħ˫ĿӿѾʼе㲻ͷ
˵ǽǰҴȡأҫЦͣһֻĿ˵
⽣ɶһڣħͫ׺ԵСһ£ν˵Ӱɵ˭֪Ϊ˰ԵƣҪǣܰԵֻҪԼϵĶȾָʲôɣĻЩȾָˣûúġ
ħƷɵĶôңʦ뻯۷Ĵߣֻ벽͵֮ͨأ
Ʒͬʱһ汦ãڳԣƷһ̧֣ʦ˲䱻ʬɶʮ飬һ飬Ҳһ飬ڽħǰһûа취ǵĲ£ҲһĽᡣ
ħĬ˼룬漴ַЦЦ֮·İҫѪڣĤʹѣʼ
ϼһú˵ĹΪΪ˵ǰ϶ˣͲ֪ǰڻǺڣֻ۷֮ϣӲƴ˼һǱذɵģҪ취Сҫ£ȴǾĺܣħʵһ˿˿ΣĿܣвĵ
СҪſڴƻƣʲôݣǰǺεȴܣҪ£ðǰֱ֮񼫣վʹǰúóͽһԹԵһƣħһͺȣұһĽ磬ĿδʽѾðҫ˴һƱȻ;ס
ۼħҪѣҫͷҲصһһӿֲ˽˶ȥȻǲ꼰㣬Լһȥ½ħ⺧˵һơ
⧲֮£ֻεıˣ˵Ĺ˳°ⶼҫˣҶĵ˾͸˵ˣɳԶ
ҫͷһůҫҪԼһӲһƣԼЩֵǱǣ˵ﶼĺܣģհҫˣɱħűȮףȫ
ҫأֻԼߵ˲ҪҲû룬ܲڽħϻȫõģΪħɱܵԺԲƣôһԼҲ˶ѣͲܡ
ڰҫԴ֮ʱħȻƺҫƻδ˵ƷѾҫһ𾢸Ϩȥһ֮ǿʥ¶ĳһ˿˿ѺۣҫһѪӿһҪʱӡŻ֮Զء
ɽħӡֻܺ䵽ҫǰ֮ԶˣӡӡΪһֻס˽ħסûǰ֡
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ոԼǰһӰһǰ˱Լסһƣ˭ֻ˫۱һɫ˿ڣִʶ˵ĳǧ¿һĿձҲû˭ˡ
ҫܷϣ񣬱֣


ڰʮ ͷģҸý˭
ձͻȻ֣ڳ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣˶ϲ飬ϲǿձʵܽ½ħһƣʲô
ձҲǸħһʵײģΪ̫ŶҲ˵ձʵҲǳ񾳡
ħһжҫԼƴȫδܽӵ£ǿ϶ģձĻһƵƺܷϵҫģ˾Ͳ˵ˣҫһһ
ҹ֣Ǻǣձǧʲô¶ҪܣԼ̫ܵ˵ôѵˣҲ̰ɣħЦһݺݵĵ˿ձһۡ
ʦ֣ҫձ˵ɼ˵ĺܣǧµĿһ϶Ĵڣʦֳ˿һĴʦ֣ճ˭
ձһ䣬ħȻһ䣬ձǿճ˼
ձ˵ͷصʦ˵ҫҪұ
ħ˿ҫֿһۿձڰҫϵľŻ𵶣ҧҧڵҫҿԷһ룬ǣŻұҪߣǱ˼Ҳֶܿء
ձŤͷתҫȻ˫۱ɫ˿סǰҫܹоһǱڵԼһѯʵĸоҫüſձҡҡͷ
ձǵ˵ͷŽħ˵ȥɣ
ħȻһµ˫ü¿ձձʵҲ֪һЩҲ֣ʵԼಮ٣ƴӮϵĺܣµǿձʦ֣һĵһ֣ճ
ħΪʲô¿ճΪճͻĪʹԼΪʲôҪߣΪһҹճԶ޷Ŀˡ
ձǧҲ̫Ե˵ɣҪ浱Լ޵ô⻰ǳԽħ֮ڣǴԶƮɤȽ˻ƣȥ˸оܡ
ʱһͯһֻ׻ĳǰ˶ˣǰͯȥҲң۵СһɰһɫۣȥһĪĸоʯĴۣȴ͸¶һּɣֲ̬ײĴ䣬˵ע⡣
Ӳμʦ壡ֵͯһ̣һװúãæǰϥأıȭ
ͯ˰۵С֣֪ʲô˰ɣƽŰ裬Ӣڣǻд˽ѵ
һһŵһӣΨΨŵŵվһߣͯǰ˻ò룬Ǵĺܡ
ͯŰ׻ǰҫǰֱĿ˵ǰҫ
ҫ˵ͷ˫ĿֱӺͯۺͯĿжôû¶һ˿µɫԵ쳣ݡ
ͯעӰҫã΢΢ͷ䵭˵ҾһҪ츳ԵĻЩֱģҲԷǴˣ
ҫһ㶣һ£ͯĻȻڿ佱ҫǾˣҴһ̬ȿԿӦûӸλ֡
ɰҫҲСǰû裬ոǽҲˣµľŴӣҲǾλӱش˵˫Ӧ޲Ŷԡ
ɴӺͯпǼΪʶҫģ˺ܲˣҫҲ΢΢üڵ֪ǰôƺ
У͵ǰ˶ţëͯȻòֻ׶ڣҲ֤ΪѾﵽһָĪĵزǿ϶ģ»ںϣѾﵽ豹棬ϻͯĵزҫҲܲһ
ͯǸ߸˫Ŀ΢΢Ц壬½
ҫ΢΢üûţ⻰һҪѿڶһȴһ֮䡣
СһӾ֪ûϼһռһ°ɣ»жʵܣǶ֮һս½ʵĴڣҲǽһľ֣ǰ밲ܵж񣬶ʧأ
һ䣬½üͷһһɣ˫ĿһɾζȻҫ͵͵ķ˷ۣüһ컹ǹҵģʲôﶼҪ¶һ¶˶ͷСλҲȻǴͷǰˡ
Ȼڻոûжãһӽ̤ˣʷǷֶΣҪ˲ͷ
ͷֻ֮һ뿪һΪһ⣬ûüģ׹ǰ׹һ̣˶еһ˿档
·ǰ˲һˣһѽһѴĹŽȻӵƹǿʢڸһǽĸоҫ̾Ϊֹ
ӵĳҲձ½ħ˶һּɵձһֽħſͬʱһתҫȻ»صҫһԴģҫʾ⣬ȲҪ˵ҲǵͷӦ
½ֻ̧һָһήҵĽףһϸ΢ڽϣȻһ˫Ŀ˲䵯ԵþȣȻǱ½һָָʮ״̬
֮һҫҧгݵľǰҰҫ鷳˭֪½һָ˻ȥΣֻ˫ðĶŰҫš
ҫʼնûΪԽ׵ʵ԰ҫ˵Ѿ˿вȫҪԷ뷨ŭ⡣
ӣЦеĿ꣬Ůӵǰĵϥأһʦܱ˽ʦģȻĵһƳǷɽ֮ʫŵĲƽ
£ķһһʱĴֻ̻ʣһֻƱˣҲû¶ʲô֮ɫΪҲһλţֻ˶ѡ
λǰߵ죬ūҸ˺һأūҲһ΢ĩ죬ӦûдʲôɣɤͻȻ֣ĵ˹ͷˡ
Ŷǰһ使εõ廨ǳͻأҹת𣬰ʧȻһ׷Ʈɢ컨֮Уһȶˣ̬ǰ
ʤѩһ˫깴ǣ̬ʮ㣬ȥʮһȴǸһȻУ־֮ˣȻᱻԵߵ޷԰Ρ
Ȼڳ֮ûһʡ͵ĵƣȻᱻԻ󣬾ҫȺһ̳ҲֻǶ࿴һۣ漴ûȤжףȻ̬֮Ӧøĳֹйأ𣬱Դݵֿ
һ컹֣ҫ΢΢һЦһеľŻ𵶣ͻȻһ󵨵뷨
ǰҫɣɲý㿴ϵƯĽѽ㣬ĽĽأһƲҫϵľŻ𵶣ﲨͣʮЦ
СһСһЩѩƱҪԻˣõ񷨣רȻ˵ǣҪԻˣ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣һ۲ƽڰдԼƽձһҲվԼһģҫأʾл漴̧ǰȥձҫȴҡҡͷʾ޷ձҲֻ̾Ϣɵȥ
λǰǴ˷ǰ޷ǾҽŻԼײ԰ɣôˣǶҪӦø˭أҫһ΢Цʵ
ֻҪ³Ϳȥˣ㲻öܣ½ص
ҫ΢Цͷ漴Ǹ߸߹¶һֲЦݣڵһύģΪ˷ֹ˵ҼðҾúбҪһ£αҲ
һ䣬ҫ̧Ż𵶶׼գ漴һŻΪƽף飡


ڰʮ ׵ɱ
⣬ҫ۵Ľ⣬԰ҫеľŻ𵶣ҫ𵶾ٹͷңָ֮ʱϵĽ·С̫һŷԵøŲʶĿǿħ˶΢΢˫ۣǵΪȻҲס䡣
Ż𵶣ףϹʱħƵĳ˵𵶺ϽףһͨյͨװϣӵĪ֮ԳƵ޼᲻ƣﲻܵĵزϣҪԲǡƽ΢ЦĿĽ⣬г
ʦͽ⴫˵еĳֻôôҪ˵ĪеĻҵ֮ȫ˵񾳣ʥǧνδе㡣һɻ˵ʱ˫Ŀгһ죬ʵǹҫۣѾеˡ
еƽƽôƽ΢΢һЦڽӵĵ˵ͷ
ƽ΢ЦҡͷڵɵѾͷϹʱûоΪΣеֻǹ˵ħ츳ϰټ֮ԴħͬʱһףĳһΧ֮սʱףֳ־Ż𵶣Էʮɱ˸Ƭײ֪⵱еʵײжô
֮УѾܹ²⵽ƽ˵ʲôˣƽҲûйʲôӦԹԵ˵ڵʵײԱȣħնɱ񾳶֣ʥֻ֣һ˶ѣ£úÿţ׵ʧġ
⼸άϢʱ䣬ҫҵСȻһ𣬻ƽսѥͬʱСڷӶΧŰҫͣתƺڵȴʲô
ʱİҫģû̫ת䣬ֻ˫Ŀ˫ͫ磬һϯͬɢĽɫӫ⣬Եʮ㣬
ҫüͷ΢΢׵תȴûнһƣͺȱ˵ʲôҫһ˫ͫȻһɲԶĺ߱ͱۡ
ڰҫʱСͬͣ͵һ죬ڲɳƽۡͷֱķҫ
ãħ½ƱͬʱһһĵĲֻһ͵ԵĻƽײǰҪֽ²ʱ˭֪˶˸գԭʮþȵأǳ˿ˡ
һ㶣漴˼Ŀˣֻƽձһ𾪵Ŀ˹˵ĿⶼһϣһЦ
Լ࣬°١ָСҶͬʱΪڱĵһʱܷͣӵޣħ֮Ի˿գΪİڱʱͣ˵֮£չһ൱ɹ۵ķΧڳ˶ˣ֮ǰʱͣ0.1롣
λǰĺˣƽһ˼Ŀ΢΢һ㶣֪Է˵ʲô̾Ϣһ˵ͷ
Ȼλǰĺˣ͸ȥɣħȻһȣһɺ˵ɱ⽫˾֣ǳ°ҪĿꡣ
ħʵжǿĲ˵񾳵Ϊ㹻ĪˣʱɱģôĹƱȻжҲ׼Ҵ⡣
ǻǺһ㣬Щʱ򾳽ΪϵĲ࣬ȷǺģħŲһ˲ֵ°ͷ̧־һƣֱǺȥֺ飬Ҫ°С
ΪʲôħὫĿתΪ°ˣΪ֪°ʲôҲ֪°гɻʲôĻ˾ҲԸ
ֻҪֹˣҪɱŹ̬䳹׻ڰҫϵĳԣ°в󣬱Ҫδ֮ǰ䳹׳ȥ
ʱħһƺ䣬һֿͣƷף˵ľдŽӡûó°˹ѹ޷һҪǺ˸ʵڣȻͷˡ
ɾǧһ֮ʣһֻץסļ򣬽һ뿪˽ħĹƷΧľޱɫǰ
ֻԽħһԵúǴݣһšе˳ƷΪ飬һתγ߲֮ɫޱߵᾢħƶˣԵüٵͦȻΪһơ
fɱǿСɫʺж
飡
һ죬ħǺ˵ƾķ飬˸˳ȥԼһƵľǱٻȥα˵Ĺٱ£߸æΪˣĹػ֮⡣
֮ǰԼȫʩչ갵ڱϢ鸡ĺܣһƸ㲻ҪǹգԼǱɣеĹٵĸм֮飬ԱپôһˣԼУֻжȥԼУķḻֱӡ
Ȼܽӱ߳Сʵе㿴ͷϵűĺܰħЦһƳٵƬ˫Ŀ΢΢ƺ뵽ʲô
ָһƬƬ״Ϊһأɾǣ˵ȻһëȻĸоɭޱȡ
Сֵܣ߱ѪǷڣһɤǳͻأĴӹȻһ𣬻ǰһƬĻӰ֮⣬ûκĴڣȴٴδӹٵı
ˣ٣ôȻǸϼһйϵôСֵܣȥһŰɣҪأ
ǳƱУôΧ˲ͣתṦʵǹĪˮһ޿ײ룬ҿݣƺ΢Ӱȴ׽
ţֵԶһ㣡һȶȻӰںʧһ̣
һ˫ӥצƥֱƱıùǣֺֿݣұһĬ˳һȭȭдطˮĴȻ֮ԵüͣƱĺԣҶ°
֮ǰ˱Ҳʩùٸһپ֮УǿһˣһʱҲһ֣ô˹ٵķ룬Ǳ˿һߡ
ʱٲнħһͿ֪Ӧøһǣƣһҳǿ°뷨ҲҶĲ࣬ڰû֮С
ǰҪסٵʱƱȴһȲ˾¹ʲô⣬˳ǿϣֻǶ˶СƱʵ
ƱǺҲʥ֮һѩĹΪŽ븱֮µǿ֮һʵ˵ˡ
Ƶһ㣬ʵֻŵ֮ߣж˿൱ĳӣҶ°ͬʱлֻܣɶ˵ĹԼ֮ϡ
ҶͬʱüͷԼĹ·ţ뺣̼䱻жȥΣͬʱһɭ̹ǵŽ˰ʹб˰֮С
СǸúúýѵһ¡ƱͷƳһ۱סĶˣĳЦһ
ɾҪջĿ֮ʱҶ°ͬʱХһʮɹɨ֮£Ÿޡ
֮Ϣ鸡ɫ԰ףȴƱΪ֮һҲЦˣһƷ֮İ·ȳһ㣬ǵص£Ʊڣˡ
ƱͷҲصķһӣ籬Ϯİɢƫƫһöɢź˾ѹһַǳĹ켣Ʊ
һƮȻأƱĿһ۵ϵĶϷֿ˿ŭĿӵЦҾԸҫȺСǳɱĺãǳɳ밡
д⣡


ڰʮ ܸ죡񾳵ս
ʱħƺǸƱʲôЭ飬ȻһҪȸɱ⣬Ϊǿ˸Ǿţǰ;ӶҲȻΪİʯ
ɷϣ˵츳ʾԳƵǽһֻ̳Ҫһʱ䣬ôҪﵽħĳ̶ȣǰ϶£Ƕпܡ
Զ˾úбҪɱҡ֮Уܹ˿ɳĻᣬ򣬱ضɱԽԽʢ֮ʣԭüչĲƽȴǰ
ƽⷬٶħƱͬʱüǰʵ֮ǿ֮£һʱҲ
ǽеǰˣЩɱڣ̫ðɣƽһЦ˵˫Ŀ罣ֱֱĶǰˡ
ƽ㻹氮£ֲĵӣõ̻ôħ˫Ŀһ˵
ƽЦЦЦ˹£Ҿ͹ˣΣ⼸ҿ˳ۣϲ̻ΰ
㡣ħݺҧҧƽһƦģһ˫ðĿŲƽ
ܴ磬㲻һԶΪֻܴΪЩزʶСħű񣬿²ٰ֮ɣƱЦе˵һ˫Ŀгһ죬бɭɱ⡣
ǺǣôҾǣħűսɣǵôȻɣοǸʵλǰµˣƽЦͣƱѹȷֺãȻҪ˵ˡ
ҲǺĺܣԼһƽ˵ǳμ棬ôܹöԷ̻ˣҪ˵һʣǳôƽΪʵ˷ѽĺܣƽȻ̻ԼôȻģ˰һ
˫֮ʣҫ߱һ˵ƣֻٿ˽磬׵ΧͣתϷŻԵüҫۣ·һѽɫܳͣ
һԵ½˫ĿĶŰҫţʼնûƿ֣עŰҫʱձ½һ˿ûи⵽ħƱϮûƬ̡
ԭˣ;ͼԭģ˵С½дʣҫѾӵȻתΪһ˿˿ִ̰̰֮תΪ
ʱҫ䲻ν󣬽ڳ˵߶ȥһĵ֮ɫƽǰҫ°ɣ
£Ȼ£һϲ£˶õܸģİҫ磬ȻΪһܣǺûԵҶе㼵ˣǺǣƽɷ˵ǰĳȣΪ뵱Ҳôġ
ƽĻ֮ǷдʯʲôԵԵģҲʲôܸ죬ֻҫƽƽû֮Ǿͺãҫأ˷ƽĻԵҲΪ֮ʮʥƽ˵·
ܸ죬ǳһǳϡеǿϹĴϰҫûгʮ𣬶Ϊֹûһضı׼ǳһᷢȻܸܵˣҲδܳΪ
ǰҫͨԽԽʢ׵ʼͣ𶯣ͻȻһĻƽڰҫ֮ϣ֮ҲͬһĽڰҫϡ
ҫһ𣬽ϣѳͷ˿ϸĽɫϸߣʼͣڰҫƤӣۼһӾͿʵÿһɫϸ߶Ӧһ
ӽϸߵֲĲֻз֧磬ƺĳǿЧãҫٿƯ˫Ŀ͸ĵ磬ԵʥַƼ产ˡ
ɾϸ߽ҪӰҫȫʱ½͵һ˫ĿӰ׻ĺϷ𣬱ֱĳŰҫȥ
С˵ȻԵ޸ܵģøϷɣ½ɭȻһЦ˵ཱུСʳָ׼ҫĶͷȥ
ͻһĻ˶סˣ½һֱ֣ŰҫţΪȡӦҫܣΪУĻǴ˼ƱħһĺȻ֮ɫ
½̴죬ΪийעһһǾͿձ½֮ʣձѺ½ǰ̧־һƽߺˡ
½֮ʵĵ˿ձһۣݺݵ˵ձ㲻Ҫ̫ˣΪռпճҾͲҶ㣬ǼңɱҾ飬ڣҰ·ÿ
ãձҡҡͷ˵½ҧгݣֻǶݺݵģŴްϣһ˿һɱԵøۿɰ
ȥɣ
½һһɫ׾񱬷òˣֻһձȥձҲǵŵǰһ̤˷ɴܶһײһ񱩵ˣӰͣƽֱ֮ϣƼ侪ˡ
ʧǰ֮Ʊ˻δ֮ʣߣʹɱ֣аҫ˾֣Ψ˾ͽһ˿ѣΪĹ𸮣Ҳǡ
˾ͽȴԵúԥԼ׸ò˻ˮҲҫ˵ĲڣֵΣ֮ʱǲԥġ
Ʊ㵱ôƽһȣָֽһӣɽһĽâкƱɢ˺ݺݱˡ
Ǻǣֲܴ갡ȤСôƱһˣ΢Ц˵
ҪɽΣƽƳһ۲ԶĽħЦ
ǵģȷǵɽأֻǣܴҪЩСԼĵӾͲܲôƱһյЦݣ˵ȥķպķ
Сģȥȥͻأ
ƽݺݵҧҧһ֮ɫ˫ĿͲûһΪһ⽫Ʊ£˭֪Ʊյ֮ƣƽոߣͱĲסһʱϾ޷չ˵ˡ
ˣΨһĿɽҲѾԹ˲ϾˣСǣһǲҪˣǶѵõ콾֮һȫʬˣħһһˣÿһڵһĽӡ֮⣬Ƿɱ˲ˡ
ħ㵨ǰһұ֤ȫʬ£
ħŲո̧𣬶ԭزˣ漴˫Ŀ΢΢ЦԲѵСͿôȫʬ
ħ֪˭ˣ˰ҫ⻹˭ֻûҫʹõ׵ܸ죬ħҲûаһв
Ǻħ̧أոմصһ˲䣬Ϯһ񱩺˵ĵֱıŶħһȻ֮ͳһתҲĺһơ
ֻһˣһһµİҫ־Ż𵶣նһҫ۵ĹĻݺݵħĲ


ڰʮ вս
ǰҫһ˳ƺƹ켣Ȼֱӣּ֮£ҲҪʲôļˣҫһж죬쵽⧲֮½ħе㷴ӦֻĿŰҫһԼĲ֮ϡ

һ죬ԭΪҫһȡ½ħ׼˭֪ħʵеĻҪˣҫһֻͣƤ֮ѣƤûƿ
Ϲ˵Ĺ񾳵ر࣬壬ȻﵽŻ𵶶֮ĳ̶ȣټӰѾУҫ䣬ȴǲԼǿڽħϣǿһʵĽϣնȥ
СΪ˵ɣħȻһȣһɼ͵˲䱬ҫɳʮԶ
ħȻһ㶣Լո˾ųɶз𣬾ȻŽҫʮףֻܸ죬ͽҫ쵽ԼԶĵزʵţҰҫһҲûгɹ
ħʺ·һٺۣȻ˵ļᣬԽħ˵һ񾳵С˵ȥЦǺŭ𣬶򵨱Ųһ׷ɱҫ
ڽħĲ£ʮ׵ľ벻գ֮ܿҫθոסѵǰ˳һصĺڰҫ֮ϡ
飡
һ죬ҫֵħˣԼһƵԿԽһСɽɳͨ񾳸ûܣֻΪħ꣬ɰҫأ
һûУؿϳһף׵Ļƽ·˲һ㣬ǳͻأĸ˰ҫϡ
ҫһոһ˲Լһɾֽһ˲䣬׵ȻͬʱҫӵһŰҫתؼױ˲֣ҫһ
ɼʹħĺѪӿޱȣħƺвʣһɱԽԽңһַɱҫɵľġ
˵ʱʱ죬ڰҫٴס֮󣬽ħɱȻֻ˫ݺύһƬĽӡƲޱȣˣе··κһ㣬ѹҫҪ⽴
ơ꾪ף
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢Խħĺƣҫ˷оŻ𵶷ҵĵŽ⣬ƺһӿâ纣һһ㷭ƲȽħĽӡת˲չҵײ
Եƣƽ𵶣ޱߣ
ãķһʽĶ䣬СǺ츳Ҫɳȥˣκ˱ܷţΨСУħۼԼƱҫĵƵˬһЦ漴ɱⱼڡ
ҫüͷһֳֽ𵶷ǰħĹƾȥҫƺмܵ࣬ʵп֪սûбϿȥôɡ
ʱԼ׵ܼӳ£ʵ˵Ƿ˺üԽħʼջôвĸоֵʹޱȣħĽӡֿͣޱȣԼֻмܣûл֮ʧҪһĴۡ
ħʵ̫ǿһĽҲŵϺŵģԴƵƷצʽ产ˣǸж֮ǹصĹΪʵʵǿĿֲ
ڰҫȫֵħ֮ʱֻħ˫һԣǰһҫ۵Ľɫ˫֮䣬漴˫Ŀһɰҫµıһ˿ɭЦݣ˫һƣɫֱҫȥ
ơգ
ǰƽҫȻһһĽɫȻҫ۵Ľ⣬ȫأ֮󣬰ҫ·սһȻ
ǰɫ򣬰ҫ˫յ£˸飬ͬʱħǰһһޱȵֱۣħš
С
ǰҲҲһƣҫȻһЦһޱȣ䱬ѣƼǿ
С
ħһ̧ƾҪȥɾڴʱ˫۷·ʲôסһ㣬Ҫ̧ȴַǳĳ˫۵˫˫ͬʱһҵʹľѡ
ǰҲһְɣҶһɭЦһֻӥצץסħļһֻӥצץס⣬צͣǿħҪ˲ơ
ӥŊZֽǣ
ǰǰˣô黳ЩСԶأЦһ˫ְػħһߵļסʱǶʱͣ٣Ҷͬʱֽס
ȭȦ
ǰҿû˵Ҫ㵥ģСʵǿȺ֮ҲӦõģҫһЦСݺݵĺڽħ֮ϣһ񱩵Ļ𾢽ħǣƥƼ产ˡ
ҫ˵ϴļĬһе֮ͬʱ룬ʵڰҫȫװ֮󣬾ѾҶʹ˸ɫʩչСʱͬʱֽħסº߱ҫһֲ
ܺãСǱֵķǳãǱֵԽãԽҪɣԲǳɳȥɱԾ󻼡
ħ˫Ŀһɣнⱬ䣬ƻɽ緢һϯת˲Ϩһ𾢣ûһ˿˺۴ڣҫһоСûиħκεơ
˳ɹ
ۼħ𾢴Ϩҫüһ֮ɫųɹµһСû취ƣħʵҲ̫˵㡣
ʮ֮ڣҪɱˣȥħ˵һƲһһħγǰ̧־һƺ
һ˫ͫ׼СڱԵʩչʱͣ0.1֮£ηˣ뿪˽ħӡΧ
0.1ʱգ۶ħԼǰʧӰʱѾ˽ʮ֮ԶħһƲջأһ˾罫Լǰ漴һصĺϡ
ǿΪߣٰ㻨ӱָɽһоȱ㣡ħ˵ƾ˲䱬һѪ˫ؾĺ£ʵԵֵ
Ϲ֣
ǧһ֮ʣһ޴ĺӥۼѣҶĸϵΧֻǸ£ֵӥצޱȣֱħĺ󾱣ӥצסħĲ֮Ȼ󳶣Ҫħļ
ɷצ̣
ģƤƸ֣צнú˵ĻҶаԼһצѾϾųɹȴûа취ħе˺
ˣ̫żˣħͷҲص䣬һƺڶһ㣬ҶסҶηûӥצջأ˲ơ
˵ʱʱ죬ħһɣٴһѪɳʮԶ漴תһƺҶţƵ׺ҶһڵһɣѪҶ
ħ֮ҶĶˣʵ´ʱ˿̲ʵ


ڰʮ ϣֵģ
ħǿʵҫľѣ֮׾ٵشҶʵ֮ǿԶ
ҫ˱ȻҰܣûһ˻Ķ֣ǺڰҫǹһԽħЩ빲ֵǴЭӶ°ҫսԽħĺʵûһ˿ųһʮļơ
ʱҶͬʱ󣬶Ƽأڱ°ʱ£Ϊ˹ˣҫָС֮ħչҵĽ֡
䣡
һ죬ҫħӲƴһƣߵίʵ˵Ľֱӽҫʮ֮ԶİҫֱѪڣʹѵ
ۼҫԼˣħҲļٿҪ׷ʹ򣬿һԵԲԸһ˫ͬʱĸƻţֿܣħ֮ϡ
绨ѩ£ľӳᣡ
ħ̧һ꣬ȻһЦ˲䱬˵ɨ֮£ǰʱ˸䣬ͣ漴ͷҲصļ׷ҫһһĴǾС
ħԼֱҫȥǸ߸߹¶һɭЦݣ̧һ˦ڰҪֵһ˲䣬ᶶתеöΰڷ·һ㣬ŸԵĹ켣ƿնֱʺԼķλ
绨ѩ£ľ°䣬
ͻöħһƼ죬˽ħһֲִٵɹɹֵܹסʮɹµİôǿǿԣҪĴСˡ
λķ뵤ﻹãڳΰ£ֹʹˣΨһʺķͱȽϱˣ˺ѷεʹûýħҺ𿪰֮ŤͷŭĿӡ
ɾڽħתͷһ˲䣬˵ƥɫââޱȣħôһֱ˸ţâ֮£ħһ׸˸ϡãϸǳֺüѪۡ
˵ɫâǰҫľ񽣣ֻǰҫһǰһվλǰѹˣӶԼǰ󣬱˵ϣǰл֮´˸ţŪĺǱ
ħŤͷһɰҫʩչ£ֱҫȥģҫеľŻʱеĶԽҪһ½˵
ɽħŸոնһĶУ˲ͷĿѣ߿ģ·ӽħĶ룬̼ĴԣħŲһ٣æ˹ֿ
ǿĹ£׸׷ѰԴͷʱԶĹĿңǸӣĽħֱҧ̧־һƺƷ쳣·ʮѹ١
أ⺧˵Ʒ磬вΪǰһӰָǰ
޼Ǭ跨黤壡
ǰǿϮָдһ˫ĵأһ֮󣬼ɷٹѣһʯγһȻϣħƷ糹׵
ŵˣħ͵һʧȵ
ħˣԭǸʦ°ܽħʦ˵ʮжӲ£Ķӣǲ°ָ̧ͷħ޼ɵĵЦ
СˣʦծɣħŭͷŲһָУָȻһЦ˫ַٽӡ漴ſ˫ۣ˱һĿǿ⣬⧲֮µĽħ˫Ŀʹޱȣʶı˫ֹۣס
޼Ǭ跨󡤽Ŀ
ħĿã˫Ŀոձǿʧһƴİҫѹ㹦ȵľһ̣˳оŻ𵶸߸߾ٹͷ𾢲Ƶ֮ϣԵ쳣ҿ񱩣Żֱ£˺һһ㣬ֱϵĽħ
񹦵ھʮɹ
Եƣƽռһʽٳǣ
ҫһ׺ޱȣ죬񣬾Ż𵶱һҫ۽棬ֱħͷ­ħҲʡ͵ĵƣȻһʱ仹ûָĸ֪ɼ񣬰ҫȻ׽
ħҲ̧־һֱʣֱųɹܹ˭Ҫһӭͷʹ
ڽħųɹºĽƣǿĿֲŻײ֮£ҫȽ𵶶ܣֱַɳӡصĺڰҫ֮ϡ
ڰҫ֮ǰһ˽ħɵټΪ԰ҫĹΪҲܵԿȥҫ˸ţʵҲûܶصˡ
Լûжأҫ͵һ˫Ŀһһ̧𾢷֮ϣգ֮䣬һֱһҵľ޴ͣ𾢷ңһǿҵĻ֮⡣
ǧһʱ̣ħָҫϵľ޴ȻһӭĻ𾢣еһǿҵļ¸УʶľҪˡ
ɽħͷոΧʱ˲һ٣ԶһЦĿŽħҲǾֵһۣȻʱֻͣ0.1룬˲Ĵħһ룬һ㹻ҫеħˡ

Ϲʮ֮ɱǣӳʺȥɣ
һҫĻʵʵĺ˽ħ֮ϣ񱩵Ļ𾢽ħɣǽϰ֮ԶǱһĿĵľ޴ίʵޱȡ
ں߽ħ֮󣬰ҫһȡؽ֮ȫۼߣҫһЦĿһǰˣҲ΢Цͷ
һսûһηǰħ֮һĽħֺսֵԼսҫޱȵĿοԼûϴֵܣǽԼһֵܡ
ҫϹӦ˰ɣҶ̾˿ڵ֮ǰħһƲûıȥڳ°ΪԼѹƣ޴󰭡
ҫ񣬿ЦһҡͷһϹΪǿĺˣѾǿһˣһҪٺ䲻Ҳû취ˡ
νҪٰſ¾ˣһûأϹв֮𣬼ʹɱҲҪݺݽѵС°ָǣ˵֮ǰԼûгֵĻᣬսʮ㡣
ҫ΢΢һЦļٻˣˬһЦڵûֵģϽ𣬹ǽǹˣҲˣ
ûģƨħǴҶֵĺȵ
ҫһ仰ǣ˵
ͷ˭Ҫ°ɱڵ˵
ҵİڱڶ죬δɣȭˣħķɭһЦ
Ҹˣ˭ҾᵽָŤŤӣ΢Ц
ҫ磬أ֮ǰҵһ˵ŶҡŰҫֱۣ˵ðҫͷˡ
ҫһ΢ЦĿˣоֻҪڣⷽԼɾ壬ɽ𺣣ظҴһ
ʱ̱ڵأһ̵Ľħ͵ƤɱȻ
СͳͳҪͳͳҪҪȫʬ


ھʮ ֮ܣ
ħˣˣԼʲôݣħűһ֮֮ϵĴڣħɶҪħ֮һĽħӵгΪһĳ֮һ
أȻСŪĻͷͷöǱǺһ뷨ǾɱЩС
֪ЩСмݱ˵ĺܣʹħűûа취Ĵڣʱ˿̵Ѿȫûǿԣ˵ֻһ֣Ǿǣɱ
½ԼԼԼɻ⵽ԷԵĴҲϧֻɱҫˣһҪǲú֡
ҫǰħƯŻƽϳһϸܵѺۣ֮ǰҫһдǰˣֻƱеҪܶࡣ
ӳħǳΪرֵ߳࣬ټԼĻʵ˺Ҳһɶѣɾһɵ½ħױŭˡ
ֻٿնһֱʧ˰ҫ˵ǰһԳڰҫǰҫһ㶣ʶķһбħţɾӶŻ𵶵һ˲һɣŻʧˣͬʱħҲʧˣҫ㶵
õ˱뱾Ǿ䣡ħ˵
ʱĽħѾֵ˰ҫ˵ĺ󷽣˾תо壬˴˶һۣӶԷпԿħû˿塣
֮ǰԳУʣУ׼ô
ħֳ־Ż𵶣Ťͷˣһ˵ĺ⣬ŻϣȻͣĶеͨ飬͸˵ˣħסľŻ𵶣ڲͣĶڻȸԾ
ԴҴ⣬ڽħոµһ̣˳ŸԵķȥɾǶ֮ʣħٶȱǻҪ죬һԳǰ
һͻȻֵĽħͷȻһת£Ǳ߹ĵĳ̶ȣɾҪʩչڱʱħĹˡ
ֱһƣȥƮƮһƣƷǳܿ壬ȴһָˡ
֪ôɵģǽħƵٶ̫ˣ쵽ӾܸϿȴûӦǺһصĺϣıݺݵĺ䵽ڵء
䣡
һ죬ҫ˲˼ĿһĻǲԮԮħٶ̫ˣǶûӦǷӦʱѾˡ
ʱݾ޿֮У˿һߣħվھ޿ӱԵü̾ǿӲԼųɹһƶܱסٵģȻҲǻ˶ãħҲתͷҫˡ
ҫüͷһ壬ڵҪɢһ𣡡
УˣħЦһŻգ̧һָҫˣеľŻ𵶾ܵʲôǣһ㣬ٷ䣬ҫȥ
죬գ֮ѵǰҫ˫Ŀ΢΢˫һϽŻѹģ߳°Ҷͬʱץס뵶˳ɹҪŻѹ£һħ
棡
ħɭȻһЦָһӣҫеľŻͻȻҵĶһӣǿŰҫ˷תߵ١ָ⧲֮£ֻ˿һߣҫҲ˦졣
ʱ˦֮󣬲ûֹͣתԽתԽԽתԽ죬ת֮£Žħָ趯ͣı任켣Űҫ˿Ϳٶȿ磬켣׽תľŻ𵶾֣ҫ˹Ǳƣڱ
𳿵ʽ
ħʩչֶΣǽʧѾõ֮Ϲʱ˲ûоʵײ㣬ֻѡ
Ϊרע辶ýŵﵽʹ֮ĵز֮ʱ̤գٿշɶɣٲ֮ȥ׼̽ȡ
֮Ҫ˵ҲѣѧҲǷѾĺܣҪһǱҪǿ˵Ķ֧֣ҴӾΪʥֻżѡ
ʥΪŵĳ̶ȣҲƶʯӶѣţƶħ԰شٽľŻ𵶣תĺֽƬɣɼ书֮ߣίʵޱȡ
Թҫ˱ħ֮ɱһֲŻƥڸת뼲ٷ֮£̶ȸǺ˵ĽϢҵʱ䣬ѷ׷׹Ҳʡ
ȥУҪҵƹ켣Сҫüͷ˾ߣֻ˫۷תԲϵţ۳һ̫ǳͼΣһǿķ籩Ż𵶵Ĺ켣΢΢ƫһ㣬ħü
Ųƣ
ҫŲƷӵ˼£˵ķ籩Ż𵶵ĵƹ켣ңһ㴭Ϣʱ䡣
Смֱ죬Ϊƽҵ֮ĻǾ̫ˣˣֲ֮ĵط
ħɭһЦ˫ĿһָһŻ𵶣Ȼǿĵ˲˰ҫ𵶷裬ֱͬĽǶ뷽ڰҫļ뱳֮ϡ
ڽ𵶷֮£ҫʹױŻϴĿֲѪѪң˼״ҪǰԮ˭֪ħԽĿתǣһ֮䡣
ħǳ°ҲLĺһ߹˫ȭݺύƿ籩һ˳ƺطˮĴȻų°Ŀֲȭƻɽһ㣬ħ
ذȭʮʽǧ
ףϧпã
ħһЦָһŻգۼħ˳һת缲磬°Ĺƾһ°ؿڣѪӳ°ؿڷ˸Ǳݺݵ˳ȥ
°ס֮˰ڵϣ֧壬һַֻѨѪʼ˹Ϣ֮ǰһķӦ㹻죬е֮ǰʶһ𵶽ֻ֣Ʋûпȥôأʱûսˡ
ħһɳ°ʱһ̣Ź١ָСҶġͬʱϣħǸ߸߹𣬽𵶲գǽУųɹһ
ֻһһ֮£ȴǧ⵶ââ޿ײ룬ٶȸޱȣƺϯķգ֮佫ûУЧķʩչѱâɡ
ǵھУҿǺҲûǸ£ҳʮˣħյأܣЦ
ҫ°ϥǰ˲СѪֹסʳ֮ǰڶ˵ˡ˼أȻҩŻ𵶵Ǳڵ뵽˽֮УҪ
ߣҶĻԲѣΪˣָлվԭأµ˲ϣȥûˣ۵ķˣֻһĲҰ֮ɫͷɢ˫ȶɸվվȡ
ģҪǱжǱǿ֮ĩصĻҪʱȫƾһؿϳһĿĵӡ
ҫڽħĺ֮£ܣħȫʵνֲһûз
ʱħվ֮ϣϾŻ𵶸߸̧˫Ŀ¿ҫˣ˵ʮУ˵ʮ֮ȡ˵óõ


ھʮһ ܵ뽩ֲ£
ħ̫ǿˣǿķ˼벻İҫӦģҫܸزǼΪĵˣϾϵĲ빦ϵĲ˵ľ޴˼ʹҲ١
ֻǣеƴɱΪʧܣԷֹͣɱ¾ôɲͬд裬ֻǺ֮ĵ㵽ֹУܾҪ
οҫԵѾƺҪɱ֮ĽħˣûʲôʵĻҫǱˡ
ʱħٿնϾŻңָʣɱȻ𶯲ͣƺҪѳģκνħһ˵Ĺѹơ
ħˣ飬빥ɱҫεİѿ֮£ŻҲûֻܳΪеɱ¾֮
Ҫ֮ʣһ죬һ׵½·һ׹׹䣬һƬ
·滹һҵľʱֻݺݵҧҧһӲסΣڵ֮ϣ漴̧ͷյĳŭĿӣĲ֮ɫȻձĽֱȻʧܸˡ
ҫɱɱ͵ձϢĳڽħ쳣ı䣬ɱ쳣ˡ
ձʹ½Σ㣬ɲ㣬ʹԸ㣬Ҳпʱ佫⼸СնɱҶôħͷҲص˵˫ĿѪһɱҫĲݵơ
ģձʦģҵҪƣ㵽ûǸʱȥɱǣ
һƽâƮȻƽӢӳڽħУʱվڰҫ˵ǰĵγһ͸Ͻҫػ
ħüһ˫Ŀ΢΢ƱҲˣƽٰ
СŮûҪƴ˼㶷˼дˣܣΪڼ̵ʱڽ⼸Сͨͨɱ⣬ߵĺܸɴأƽ΢Цص
ʵҲȷˣƱħҲʶˣħʲôʵҲΪħɱҫʮþȣ׾ٵ¡
˭֪͹˰ҫ˵ʵҫսħ˵Ʊ󲻵ģڸƽ˼УʹƱ뿪ˣŪôһ
ߣɵС󣬱ȷǿۣħջؽ𵶣˵
ʱȻŭģҲһԼѾûɱҫˣֻҪƽձκһ˲ס½ôʣµ˸ԼҫеʱܣҪɱѾˣʮҲ
ǵŻˣ½˫Ŀһħĵ˵
ûħ˵ͷڻص
㻹룬Ϲĸʲô½һȵ
²ܣ⼸֪ߵغСңɱǣͷֻޣħݺݵҧҧ˫ĿĿŰҫˣȵ
ʱ·תһ̣ҫдһձƽĹڰҫ˵Ȼû֮ǣֻǼħǲҪҫأֻûһµĻѡ
ҫΧһţһͷǱ㿴ҿ㣬ȻˣЦĺǿϾдţǸЦƽһ漴΢Цҡͷ
ûҫǰˣһǴܣܵ޻˵ܵëɴǵЦܹսֻǱϵģǵĲûаܣʧܶ˵ûʲô̫塣
ҫ֮ǰ˵ǻᣬһβҪú´ٺݺݵӮǴʱбĺ壬ǻᣬǰܵҲŵ¡
߸Сʤܲ٣һΪǰ۹ⶾƽа룬԰ҫֳķӦͣͬʱԺֳһӰš
½򣬻ˣ˵
ʱձصվڲƽȵħ½վһ𣬻һۣĬ߻Ѿ֮⣬ħŭƽĶŰҫˡ
ΪʲôħҪΪձһ仰ߵĻԺڽôǱͬЦձǾͺúôһôУ
ʱһ·ĺԶкӰһһް߰ף۵Ŀӣշм۶һգ۵Ĺڽħߡ
ħһֿ˻֮ǰսڤ׻Ĵ֮һħűĵѽΣħ֮һľħɡ
ħɵĵħһö裬һӱöԼħɸո˵ĻȻǲŹҫˡ
У۸СͲᱻЦôϹ˼ڱտھǴô򣬱㣡
дһȣ漴һٻӰƮȻ䣬һԵ˾ͽһˣһӾ˾ٻӰһǵٻӰ𸮵˾ͽᣬʱڿձ̬࣬ȡ
ٴγƽɽȻǲͬѰһ죬ٴƷӰƿնһʮأȳһСİۣþ˲ͷ
žһܣСƤҰףһ̬Եúİֻǵ½ʱȴаϲǾˣ˳ơɡ˻Լ൱ͬʱλгһְ
ôãΪ⼸С˻½ߣ˵Ұף᾵ģ·һ㶼ܰߣֻһͷѣǱ̵ͫȴɢɭĹʣ˲
Լʽɣ½ûĻص
˻üëŤͷħһ̣˰ҫ漴˫Ŀгһ죬˫б̵ͫɢɭ⣬һɱ쳣
ļҪԸ⼸Сô˻˵
ǶԸɱħۼԼһ񾳸󣬵һӱֱԲߺȡ
ĺܶԣȷɱСҪɱ˻ЦֱŰҫ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣һǳͻأ뷨ֻ뷨е㺧ȻʵԼǰ㣬ôҲ̫һ㡣
λǵ¸صĽǰˣôԴС΢е̫С˵ɣ
һˬʵЦ̧ͷһ֮ϣ΢ЦĿˣֻһձǰ棬ǻͷһۿձˣ漴ֶ԰ҫЦЦԵúѺá
ֵһħüɽׯʵףʵҲףʵҪѹԼһͷĳֽԭԼƣһˮƽϡ
Ҳ²ɣħȻһȣֱֱע
ȻһЦڵ񣬽Ҫκ¶ԣȡ߳Ҳ㣬Ҫ˺ҫСѣҪȹһء
˵ףĽħֱҧ˵ıҲ̫ÿʲôȻ
۷壬ֻ̤ڵľΪʵ˱Ҫֳ˲俹⣬ôһεıƾе״ֽ̬ȥ
ɾھŴûнֶã֮ϴˣһ߿ӥ֮漴һѹɫĳֱ£˫֮Ŀյϣ֮һڳ˶ɵˡ
ҫǰȡȺ֪ν˵ʲô֣˲ɣ


ھʮ ǿ޷죡
Ž֮֮ĺ˶סˣϤǳϤڳ˶˭УǵǿߣɡƷɵ
ħ˻ˣձЦˣҫһԭҫΪĻǳ񣬿û뵽Ʒɶˡ
ȻֻһѹŽǰҫƷɵĴѾﵽܵĵزѾķΧν˵˵һ⡣
ʱŽɢһ󵭱˻֮俴һɵӰӰƮãֻܴŵĿȴʲô壬Եú
μǰ
Ŵ񾳣ԼҫƱ幪۱ƷߣƷʵƷǿ˵񾳣ʹǽеһЩ뻯ҪмӣƷҲ㹧
ҪƽˣƷɵӰû£ֻƷȴƽαһסˣȥ뷨֮ȴʧˣԵü
ҲûʦͽԵ֣ǿΪ֮кףҲǿе츳㼸ˣҾͲҪˣƷÿռ䴫
ƽ΢΢һ㶣̾ϢһҲֻܸˡʵ֮ⷽǱȽϽģ˫ϥֻĸʦĻκǰֻҪͺˣ˵ҲЦʵǧǰƷĪͬʱƶġ
ƷɲòƽҲˣƷϿƽԼĴ㣬ƽ츳ǲΪҲͬпڽԱƷҲôԵָܹ㼸䡣
ȥлԵⲢҪӲƽΪͽˣҪƷɵͽֻܽ츳ΪǲģҪۣۣǾֻƷԼ֪ˡ
ƷɵӰ˰˰֣漴ͷһԺ˵ľ⣬ݺݵĵ˽ħһۣͷҲصĳ˵ҫõ˰ɣ
ǵĽǰУȡףֻǡҫ΢Ц˵
ֻʲôƷɳʵ
ֻǾŻ𵶱ǰȡˣʵڲĶ֣½𵶱ᣬǰ½⣡
ҫ΢ЦѾºͱһֲаЦĻһڣħŵһëȫըһǿҵļ¸Σոгͷµݺݺݵҧҧ麹
ƷɵӰһڵûиҪȡİ
һħжǿһ©һģ˶ǽеǰˣϳɾƷɵ仰ʲô˼ﶼĺܣԾҪ˵˼
ǺԽħΪף˿ʼƶŲҪܵ˼Ҳֻܣû˸ҸƷƴƷǳ춯صɱ¾Ƕв롣
òʵǵԶҲǵһƥܵˣ֮ǰۼǲûǵĵƣŭƷɴɱ¾뻯֣ʱĳΪⱲӶûĥĿֲ䣬ֻܣûƴΪ¡
ǰҸǰ˵ˣȡģֻǽǰ֮ԱǵΪ˵󻰣û̫һ£ڵزҫĻصûͼӴףֻǽʵ˵
ʱħȷûаѰҫĻһ£ΪѣƭԼԼ֪ѶˣǰʯͷԼĽˡ
ڰҫոµһ̣ͬʱ˫Ŀһһεضþ̵ʩչշɶݣգ֮ѷɳϰ׵ľ롣
ߣ˵ǿôҹƷɵһȣӰ̧һԶڰĽħ˶ʱеһޱǿľ罫漴͵󳶻أûУֻڲ
취ǸɱϣҶ군ħֵĺ
취ʲô취ôҲֻรˣ֪֪͡ħڰӦðѰҫĻǽȥûкҩԳԣ֪ڸûá
У̷źţ֪֧ͨԮȻˣһһʧ˵
֧Ԯ㵱˭ǽƷɣǿߣ֧ԮҲֻд׵ķݣοⷽԲڵĿռѱźŴȥģ½ЦĻص
ɴƴˣһ˻ҧгݵ
ǺǣϣǵԼôħһЦı飬֪Ǵͷˡ
飡飡飡飡飡
죬ħ˵һˤڰҫ˵ǰ˸ո֮ʱֻƷɵӰ΢΢ѹ£˾ȻͬʱصĹڰҫǰ
˵վ˵ôƷ쳣䣬ŵ˺ëֱֻϢĵڲ
ҫȫˣħʲôʵûǰ˶ʵϽоͰ˴仨ˮͲһбǿ޻˵˵ʵˮƽҲħࡣ
˸ƷɱֱСĲ࣬ƷɼȫŪڹ֮䣬ǻؾͻأǹ͹ǿľĶǣҫĿɿڴ˵ħǿ޻˵ôƷɾǿ޷ˡ
ǰǡҫ΢ɵ˵˹Լǰҫе㲻֪롣
ȡҵĴ鷳ǲӣɨҵ棬Ȼɨҵ棬ôǵͲˣҰǵ㣬ҪҪƷ˵ֻҪҫһ仰ܾǵ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣˿ΧֵǣҲסˣع֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôǰԴƲһԣһϴ˵ӡ
ҫ̾˿漴ȭһһ˵лǰĺ⣬ֻǣΪǰŻᱻסֺٻΪҫȡҫֻڽĳһգԼǵԣǰĺ⣬ҫˡ
ҫһ˵ֳ꣬ѻȸ˽¶һ͵ɫΧֵҲ¶һֻĵЦݣҫǷǳͬͬʱҲǰ
ֿű˵ˣʵ٣ԼʵģҲЧģҫֵĺҲΪԸ񣬲Żᱻ˼
ãǳĺãһĹ⾰ѾĽҹȻûп㣬СһúŬҺܿ㣬ȻôɣƷˬһЦĻпͰҫΪԸǺǰ䣬ԭɿĽħˣٴΰᵽɤۡ
ʲôħģϲŻôƷɿʵ
֪ǽǰеĶԲŻֳᣬǰҪҪԸ˫ַϣħҴΨΨŵŵ˵
һ˵ô˵ĶãƷһ䣬ֻ̧һӣһԵڵϵٿշ𣬼ħһ£̧еľŻ𵶽Ӳ
ǣ
ԹŽŻ𵶾ȻӦ飬Ʒ⿴赭дһȻֱӽķ飬һֻеѵķϱ


ھʮ ճ룡
˵һƷһ˷飬ʲôǳ̶̳޸ĥ𣬼޷ƻ
ɴʱƷɵжԺжʶ׵׵Ĵˣ·ϾûʲôǾԵģ·ֻҪⷽеĹԼʶֻһЦˣʵھ㵵ĲУΪǰжǿ
һĻֻǾ˰ҫˣڵصĽħ˶ݺݵһۼ֤Ʒɵǿ󣬵ֻ۾ģССһ£ǲûǵĻûˡ
ħ㶵ĿֻʣѵľŻ𵶣ԼصƬһ仰˵µıѾ㵵˼ãĻ֮ǰû˻ĻƷƴʵǲƴŶԡ
ʱƷһٵŻ֮еĽƬһĿĽ⣬漴۳һƻСĹƯ
ƷɵӰһУеԼϣֶ֮Űҫһҫϵ˲룬±ΪƷɡ
Ʒɿס֮ͻȻһ̾߶šôˡ֣漴ҫҫǲǱ׵ܸˣ
ҫԵ˵ͷƷɼ״ҡҡͷ̾һͨǿҲûа취УˣʤޣҲӦܶһˣ
һƬãȻ֪ƷЩ˵ʲôֻĪĳһֵǵĸоֵǲڳˣһ˵ΪҪˡ
ֻͻأĵǺãܲʵֻһȻڰҫ˵ȫ£Լǻָɵ״̬ɴʱĺܣҲǽԼûȫָԵʣ˦˦Դȥ롣
ƷɵӰƺתͷһۣӰû٣ֻһƬҲڹ۲˭ֻ̾һ̧һָħˣŽһΪ壬ֱ˽ħ˵ʺ亹Ĵ̫Ѩ£Ҷ֡
ҪǿķϣͻǣԺǷǣ³ԼڶҹƷһȣֱһӣħǰĹŽȫʧŽҲصƷɵǰƯ
Ʒɻ֮ʣħ˺ȻķԼˣǶ˵ֱӷһܵıӻ죬һӾûӰ
ߣһ㵨ûУɾҲֹڴˣƷɿƵķߣǲмһ
ǰ˷ҫδʹиǰУǰ𷣣ҫǰȭһǸȻ˵
Ʒɰ˰֣صⲻ㣬Ҳûֻ˵Υˣɳǵʵ˵ҪҼʹǿҲܵһ˸춷ԣСһǣҪӰѾ
ⷬ˵ûͷûβǰѰҫ˵ϡͿеת䣬ɰҫѯʱƷȴûиᣬһ䣬ӰŽɫԼǱŽһͬɢΣ°ҫ˴۵С۵Ŀš
˭֪νĸ춷ʲô˼ֻǵǷ֣Լ춷ĺʱаһԼ׼֣ҳɳƷĳ̶ȡ
Ʒߺ󣬰ҫǰĴһһл˵ʵҪûͦҫ˻һأ˵֣ҫҲģаպˣȻҪһݶ顣
ҫôһˣжģֻҪ㹻ͱȻỹⳡ汦ᣬҲǸһˣ˿˼ҲǷֵΨһ˶û뿪˼ǧ¿һĿձ
ձʦʲôôҫʵ
ձ˵ͷǰһſһöҫ漴һĨĻ
Ļ֮Уһͷɮ˳֣ɮһűŮһҪĿǸߴüĿ㣬ģһõɮģȻֻһӰ񣬵ҫܹоԷķԣɮ˱Ȼʲô֮
ҫʩСɮճˣ

ҫȻһǰӰǧ¿һĴʦ֣ǸĪ⣬ΪǧδŷɵĲѡǸǷΪǱʵΪǧнڵŷɵĵһˣճ
ҫһڣȭһ񣬹ҫճʦŴʦ֮һֱԵüյüʦ棬ҫҰ
ţҫʩˣԹСɮһϣҫʩʩԮ֣ճ΢΢һЦڵ
ʦ˵޷ҫܼƴǣҫ˵
ճ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵСɮҫʩԼλʩǧһ𣬲֪λʩԸ񣡡
ҫ΢΢һ㶣˿ߵֵǣҲû飬뷴ҲûʲôҲû˷ԣⱻΪеķʥأҲĽòδȥҲýλúóš
ǰҫҲû룬ӦϢһ֮ͬձǰŵһɲǧ£ⲻ֪Ǵ˷ǰУȴһ籩Ŀˣҫֱⳡ籩Ŀˣصǧ¡
ռ֮УһƬÿռ֮УƷɿеĹ򣬰̾һĺˣκΪֱֱˣʵЧÿֻйеһ룬Ʒɳüչ
ƷɣֶˣԶĪɭȻһЦʱǲҲ̶ã²ʮŽĶԭأֲɶ˾һֻһ㣬ȥˡ
ƷƳһ۲δػĪǸ߸߹¶һЦݣ漴һ𣬺ڻױϯϵĹŽͨͨ顣
ôֻһţһأǺǣƷɿ춼㣬ֻƾһѹܣҶðĪŤŤӣЦ
ã£ҹôҲ㰲ʮʮɣ
Ʒɷ˷ۿڻص漴ֱ̧׼Īƣһ壬һӣǰңգ֮۳ŽƼ产ˣÿһŽͣѽ֯һƬһɿֲĻӿ
ƨȻ˵Цˣ㻹ǸǸָ죬вұطǿ߽ѾȾزôŸȥˣĪһЦһ䣬ƣת˲һףڰƵĳǹǰ
ĪճǹͷЦƷɻǵ˳ǹô
ǵãҸСɸƷͫ΢΢һ
ǰƸҵģôǹϣӦҲ˰ɣĪ΢΢һЦʱٴα仯г˾֮飬Ħǹڵ
ǺǣҪɱҰһһѱ鰡˵ˣΪﵽĳ̶ȻĿôҲǷӡ°ɣɱˣǲģֻеǸ٣ǲнĿܣƷ΢Цҡͷڵ
ûȻˣôƴһսɣǵ׻᲻Ī΢΢һЦڵ׺ѪɻȴԽԽƽ
ģָǰɣ֮ǰһֱװɣƷ͵һֵĺ
ûУҶɱδСıŰʶֻԽԽңֻҪ߳ռ̾ͻڵֻͨһЩ顣
ʲô飿
Ųô
ۣν٣볹׽һУ
ˣƴһսɣ
ã
Ʒɻ֮ŽƺˮһкĪҲǵȻһЦսǹֱǰȻֳһżĺڰͼڣ漴Ž֮С
ֵܣһֵܣֻô࣬պܻܲҪ˰ƷɿЦ


ھʮ ʥ䣡ǵĽѣ
ǧ£޷֮ʥأǵУһƬأһƬʥأʥַ֮أֻҪ޷ĳЩ˼ʹҵԸ⣬ǣ˶ʸģҪ߱νķԵ
νķԵʵ˵ҲĺܣЩʲôԵԵ˶٣ֻǱǧµĵõɮ˵ɷԵˣǱԵķҲǶһģֱͨ׵Ļ˵ǿȥ˳˳ۣԼԷļ⡣
ǧµͽϵͳҲͬ廨ţʵΪǧϵԭڲִĦԺ޺áͭ˵áԺԺϵ
ϵ˾ְֹ˴֮䲢ûʲô̫ϵںз֣ȻһЩԾеģϾϵÿ궼Ҫһηʥġ
νķʥǧɮеʥ֮ˣȨڷĴѡһĽ־ôģһɨϵ֣ͬժùڡ
˻˵˲ӦĹŶԵôʵȻǧµ֮Щʱ²裬ǿѹ߾ֻ𵽷Чʵ赼뿪ŷ𵽸õЧ
ǧ³ϰ⣬ѧҲͬעأ֮˺ʤأɮҲ⣬νķʥǵйڡ
ûйڵĻôһĴұȻҪһأΪνĺʤ֮ı̫ãֻʱ˵ʱͱӶħĿһõ֤
񣬰ҫһڿձͬ£ɽˮһ£ӲǧµɽڣʡɽǵʱҲĺ׼Ϊһ֮ǧµķʥٰˡ
һ·ϣҫһɽˮһϢȻһ·Ҳû壬˵Ҳڽ
šڡɭ޾ɽڡȡħڡɺȣߴаħɾǰҫ˵սҫһﵴƽߴаħɣԶˡ
ߴаŲÿһǶиϵ򣬲԰ҫ˵ʵҲоգĶ֮࣬ĥ˵ԼΪͬʱ˴֮ҲǸӵοˡ
Ȼҫ˵սձһζûвģȻʼնڰй۲ŰҫˣʲôҫԸ˵Ķ֣Ҳ֣ߴаħȷȷʵʵڰҫУڰҫ˵ĳҲԽԽࡣ
ҫҲνˮڣðҫ˵˭Ҳ籨һԶˣۣ£Ȼûˡ
ֱǵִǧ֮ͳҫ˴˵ϰ֮࣬ûˣΪ֪ҫ߸һٮٮߣĺǿ˵ǿĿ¡
ʱҫһһϽݣǰٶڽ֮ϣһһȥͨͨӹӵɽûʲô֮ҫеְ̻ԻȼֱǱۣǰһУֻͨݣͨ·Ѱһ㡣
ձʦǧ°ȥܣܡ
ͨ԰ɣ
ڰҫ֮֨֨ʱһЦĻĻҫȻһͷһ΢ЦĿԼǾΥ˵ĿԵ
ʦԵʦδҫˣ֮ǰҫˣλʦҪѽҫ˾ɦɦˬЦһԵ˼巭˷һ֮ɫǺֲͣŰŰҫ⡣
ԵһЦǰ߿Űҫ΢Ц˷Ҫͷҫˣڴлҫˣ
ʦǧҪô˵λʦ֮ǰҲæҫ֮ˣȻ֣Ȼ岻ݴǡҫȭһԴǵ˵ֿ棬˿û֮⡣
ӷ𣬶лҫ壬µļԵɣʦ˵λƶɮǰɣԵ΢Ц˵ҫ˵ͷͬߵֵܣϿԵĲձҪ£˽뿪ˡ
ҫû߶ãҶĵһʾҪӺúÿʥأĸֵҲͬ顣
ҫ̾˿ҲԣǧƽɲܽģҪпճȣԼҪ治ܣǣܲ˼ĿۿԵ
ԵҲ֪ʵģûгóö·ָҫˣ˵ֻҪŻ¾ڳϵڵ⣬κεطȥãСɳҫ򵼣ŵĵҲܵ
ڿԵıּߣͬʱСɳȻһֱڣԽϵĴҲжţ֪Ǹҫһ֮Ҳϲǳ԰ҫҲǿͿ൱
Ҷ°һָһǵ£ҫǼԵǰȥճԼüʱ䣬ʼиˡ
ʱڿԵ£ҫһֵУԿ˹ֲģЩӶر𣬾һϡŹ⣬Ƭɢһ͵ӫ⣬ȥĿĿ
߽֣ҫʵԵʦ֪Ǵʦɺã
ԵŲ˶٣ɫͻȻð̾Ϣһҡҡͷڵҫʦִ˷ҫǰæΪ˿ʦܵģ
Ǵʦˣҫһʵ
Ե˵ͷ̾Ϣţ֪ˣ
ҫ֣µĵ˵ͷǰа׼ÿԵ¶ֱ飬ǵѾֽʱ̡
ʮ׵ľ룬ǰһݣɢһʵĽ⣬ӡΧһȦԵú
ҫһ֮üĸ֪Уǰ޵ɢһɼ˵ɭаڷӡĵΧ£аھݵ֮ڡ
ҫߵʹ˸ɫʾСģҲǰͷ˿׾ʱһĻ
ҫˣô˷ʦҲо˰
ҫݹһ񣬿ڵ֪Ǵʦкνҫܾౡ֮ճʦܿڣ
Ǻǣʦܴ˷ҲͰҫܽ⣬ҫ壬ƶɮʦлˣҫϸ̸ճٴγ֣ǫҫøС
ҫŤͷһ΢΢һЦڵճʦ㣬ҫȥɣ㣡
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ¿Ե⣬ǰӡ֮ǹаȻԽɭ֮з·һͷħڶ԰ҫҫԶ˵ء
ҫǸ߸߹𣬾һߣһޱȵļ𾢲аȻ·һԵɢҲҫЦһƿš
ҫں󣬷ԶرգǰĹ߼谵˺ѿΧҫʶͫⲻãһǰľ󣬰ҫʱʧɫ
СּˣδʵС
Ҹʦڴˣɲ
ǺǣǣճѹҶãһ죬죬죬һܣûжˣֻҪҳ׽⣬ǶҪ
İɣ⣬Ҳ˶ϣȻлΪһģ
ߣûǻģ
ҫһĿɿڴĿǰһУеǿǣӦ˵ǰĿǣһһնаĶɮ


ھʮ °ͷԣѧ
ǧôȥ͸ͨЩѽҲռ˵Ȼλʮ󳬼֮һôҲװѽҶĴܳ˷羰⣬ͨͨһʱȻζš
·СɳҲֶһЩնĿҲȻҶĵĻֻҲգк΢Ц˵ҶʩǶԱʲôɣǧǷűɲ֮أ޷֮Ĺһ㶼ֻ;ģԶֻȥװεٻҲֻǹ̰ˣ޷֮ˣǲעЩģ
Сɳֵ٩٩̸Ҷһ죬Լſû죬漴һ˼ĿڵСʦոʧˣСʦҪ֣Ҷˣ
ҪҶģСɳָæǰסط˼ˣһǫѷЦҶʩˣҶʩˣֱڿ˵㣬Ҳ֮飬ֻڣҶʩ˵ʱ΢עһЩһԺ볤ǵĶоͲ̫ˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷнǣ漴ֿ°Ѳܣһʱ°а˳ϵʱ䶼֮£һڰҫѣڰҫСŶʵȾӵڶ
ҲһﶼٽӴʱպյǧ£°ϲѣӶٶҲĶ
°˵οճҰҫν£ʲô¾Ȼǧ¿һˣҪҫ֣鲻СأҶһʵ
°΢΢һ㶣ʵʲôǿһ
Ҷ͵һģûˤڵأһ񿴹ƵĿ°ڵ°㲻֪ǧµĿһǰɣͷ˭֪ǧµĿһġ
°һںʼ磬ڵҵһ㶼жȹģһЩ鶼ûôӴ֪Ҳ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҲû룬һĴż򵥵˵һ飬°һһţҶ˵֮󣬳°üͷšһ֣أǵ˼š
һ°ƺ뵽ʲôҶģҾǻСĵĺã
°Լ˵ҶҲһͻأΪʲô˻ǲ
Ҳڣ˵ЩһĹģôпڽλһɮ˵һ˵ħˣһ޲ߵĳ̶ȣ°ص
ðҫܽˣʣһÿһг񾳵ΪΪҲǸĪ⣬ǶûҫôҶüص
ܸҫĹйأգڼ֮ԣеа֮žԵĿãټϰҫԿһ˵ܻдã°΢΢һЦ
СĸҶĺʵ
ճ˵ˣģ˵Ҳֽȥôǲ¶һֵĻÿһĸɮǻǲô°һЦĻص
˵˻Ҳ磡Ҷüص
ӦûУ֮СΪϣ°΢Цͷ˵
Ҷĵ˵ͷ˳°ۣЦһٴδ׳ĸͷƵģû뵽ͷԲֲ
°΢΢һ㶣ЦҡͷĹȭԵʣ°͸ߴ߳ߣͻԲһ߸է֮£Ǳ뺷ĲУû뵽ǿ׳£ȴһϸģҶĹĿ࿴һأ°ƲҲǲ˸˾Ųʮ
飡
ʱ˸ոմһͥԺСɳΪҶ°ͥԺ;ʱӭһӰպԾСɳֵͷֱ°Ҷķ
°üֽ̧Ӱ£ͷȥһǧµӣǴе֣Ѫף¶ļ˲ϣƺ⵽ʲô˶һ㣬Եü䲻
ʦܣĴȭûʲô츳ߣӦøӿ̿ǣʦúҲһܺʥϴ
Ҷ°һۣͬʱüſޱȵЦݣڶзǳĴ̶˫ĿһǰԶ߰ɮ޼ɵԼָָ㣬쳣ĸ߰٬°еɮ˳Ϸ֮ɫ
лʦֵָ̣Ҿýվ͵Ϊֹɣɮ˳ų°һЦ߶ŲԶΪһɮЦЦڵ
ôܶأʱղˣ㻹ҪܳɲҪʦǵһİΪ׵ɮǸ߸߹Ц
ɮ̾ϢһҪǰȴ°סˣ°ˮ߹ǶˣҪúǣ
ɮ˶Ȼһ㶣Եĳ°һۣһȻ֮ɫץϵĴ֣ǯסû
һΪǧµɮǺĵõɮأԭҲи۸СĺȺ֮ҶǸ߸Ƴһ۲Զ߰ɮˣмЦ
ߣǺˣǧڳԲѷĪҪΪԼǱ;Ϳˣ̵ǸͲҪƶɮˣΪ׵ɮһҶŭĿӡ
Ҷüë˫Ŀ΢΢ЦǺǣҾ˵ûдΪʲôҪǸأ
㡣㡣ҪսΪ׵ɮ˱Ҷܻ࣬ĺе
ʦֲɣǿԵʦĿˣ񣡡СɳּɮҪҶĶ֣æֹ
ԵʦĿΣǧ£˭Ҫѵɣ˵ˣҵʲôʱֱֵĵӹˣûʸһߴȥлĵɮȻǱҶǲһӸòУȫʧ
СɳҲŭˣҪǰۣȴҶ̧סˣҶǰһЦû⣬Ǳүս֮ţ
ĦԺģһȻ֮ɫǰһڵ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦǰһ˸񣬿ڵҶģ
ߣվ֮ͽʶʶҷѧһںüơ
ҶһһƷӥʳ˷Ṧ֮߷·طһ㣬ٶȸǿզ࣬գ֮ѵǰӥצǰ̽צֱֺֿȡʺ
͵һϲҶĵȻ֮죬Լֻܽżһ㣬ˡ
ҶļˣȻһЦԼ֮ڣֻżأһƬĲӰӻǰ漴ĵ󣬵һצĿס˻ĵĺ󾱡
ֳȸĵ̫Ѩһ亹ҶһƬĲӰȴӦֻ˵Ҷĵ̫ˣĿࡣ
ֳɮҲĿ࣬жѣڴĦԺŽǰʮĻľôˣܵĸɴ䣬ܵһëܵҲһɡ
Ҷĵצ£ҶҶĵצסĺ󾱣ǽڵסֻҪκε㲻ҲҪزУϾ󾱵ļڣطҪ˵ˣǺǲġ
νķѧѧղǷѧֵһӰҶ˫Ŀ΢΢Ц
ѧֵһӣλʩδҲ̫˵ɣ
ͻȻһҶĵĶУҶüͷһ壬üͷոһ̣ǰһͫһеĻľȻˣԶһ信ɮץŻĵļվעҶġ
Ҷ˫ĿЦе˼


ھʮ ҶսԶճ
ҶµĴǰɮˣɮò㣬һ˫ĵ۾ͦβɢһɱ˵ƣȻǧһĸ֡
Ҷüа̾Ȥ˵ʵڵģԷʵȻԼϢĽ˾ߣôԶ׼ɮҲһṦ֣ٶȲ֮¡
֪λʦôƺҶıȭһ񣬵Ц
ĦԺԶɮĿڵ
ԶʦҪΪʦҳˣҶ΢΢һЦڵǧµľֱڵӣڻֱ֮ϣ㳣ʶҶĻеġ
ǧµʧƶɮҶʩĸаɣԶĿҶһۣ˰ʾ˿һԡ
ĵ˵ͷҶ̧̧°ͣİȻ֮ɫڵߣӮʲô£λҴĦԺĵڶ֣ҪӮ㱾£
죡ǲһӣԶ֮ɫһŵûӣվһԲˡ
ԭǴĦԺĵڶ־ԶʦȻԶʦô£ô¾ʦкˣҲҼʶʶķѧкι֮Ҷıȭ֣΢Ц
ģ֤۽磡Զ˫ĿתһһɼƷ񱬷·ҶǰĲǾԶһŭա
ԶͻȻƣҶĶȻһ漴һӿս⣬ȻһЦͬǰһƲȾԶ϶٣ھԶҶľһֻסĲӥֻҪԼʲôľٶ̾ͻὫԼ˺Ƭ
ҶľһˣҪô֣һ־;飬ֻҪԼĵˣûֵĴ㣬֣˭Ҫ÷е׼ֵܣΪֵֻ֡
ڶ˸Ҫִս֮ʣһԵĳ°ȴǳͻȻĳڶ֮䣬ҶԶͬʱ¶һʵɫ
°һҶģ̾ϢһҡҡͷҶĴӳ°񿴳ԷԼĳ嶯˼ɦɦͷֳ°ûԼ˼ȻվԼһߣд󶨡
Զʦֵܶ˽ڿճʦ֮ʲôײĵطຣ˷ֻ֣֮٣ʦߴͽ̣
°ȭ񣬻˵нڣһ˿ëûбͱˣҲûԼ磬ҶаĴ硣
һףô˴֮ҲųԹȥ֣Ͼ֮Ľ֣һͺԤˡ
ҶӮˣôԶȻˣԹɾʹˣǧ£Ҷ൱˰ҫˣԼﶼⲻȥ
ο޷֮˺֮࣬ǧ׷ɱֻҪϢ˳ȥôԼԺĽ֮УٲΪ衣
ҪҶأô鷳԰ҫ˽⣬ȻǧһسӣͬҪԷһﻢ£ͷϸ˼ҶģҲǰԼ̫嶯ֳ°̵ⷬ棬ôͻúܶˣ˴֮䲻ӡ
°Ļڳɮ˶ʲôë˵ԴǣΪȻǻϢˣǾԶԭҶĵԹҲѾʧ߰˰ˣҲû֮ǰǰˡ
ӷλǳ°ʩɣ°ʩĻСɮΪ֮ˣӦԹСɮ֮ǰгײλʩλʩҪ黳Զò̾Ϣһ΢΢
ȻԷòҸ̨ףҶȻ̫֣Զʦǫˣ֮ǰҶĿûһأʦ
Ŷ˴ӽŵһӵתֳе㲻̫ӦһԵĻĸǵţôԶʦֻϧ׻򲻴ˣ
Զûĵ˻һۣŵһӣ첻漴ֳҶĹ˹֣ڵ˷ѣҶʩߴͽ̣
˴˱˴ˣҶĹֻ񣬻һ䣬ȾԶڿƣһٶȱ֮ǰսʱҪϳɱֻ࣬գδʱѳ嵽˾Զǰڳ˾ѡ
Է·˲ưҶģԶûоţûж֣ҶһһצץסԼʺۼһĻɮ˲ЦԵúǹ졣
ţӲֻǻô򵥣һ޹֮Ҷüͷһ壬оԼһצץ˵ϣץסһ鴿ʵĵĽ飬ûԾԶκε˺
Զ΢΢һЦһһ£һҫһǿҶɨɣ漴ЦǧµĴĦҶʩͽˣ
Ҷüθ䣬˭֪ԶȻѾǰ𾪣ԶЦҶʩṦ߾ƶɮҶʩķ۰ɣ
䣬Զ̧־һƣľ产ˣѹϢ۳һ޴ӡӭѹҶģƾ֮涼ѹһǳۡ
ʮơɽ
һƺǿǿ˾ǿĹŶԷûʲôãҶĵ뷴Ӧж죬ԶԼҶĲҵľ룬˵ôľ£ҶıȻҪеġ
ҶĵٶǴ󳬳˾Զ⣬ھԶƵһ˲䣬Ҷһ룬һᣬλһƬĲӰԽԶ˫צݺύѸ͵ץԶ
ӥŊZӰӥ٣
ľԶ˫üһ壬תΪָ漴ָ񣬺Ƴǹ֮ۻңҶĵӥצƶ˸൱
ʮ黨ָҶɻ
һʩչһ߼δ˷вӰĿϾӣڳֻܹǶ˵ٶȣ°һ°еһнɫӡɮһ
һ֦Ҷߴݱҫ߸ǹĪҫǰĿǣߴʱ״̬ʵԾޱȡ
ʲô״ǵİԼģģʲôͬҲֵܱôԣʵѵ
СүɭȻһЦ˵һּǿȻǿҫҲɲ԰εȥ
ϣҪ
ڰҫԺһŭʮıȻ񣬶ǰƺܵѹ˰һڣҧгݵģȥһɽߵĿһĵЦԵȻԵá
ðʩܾˣʩ϶¥һ𣡡֮ǰǵڰҫĶ𣬰ҫһ֮ǰԼȻһ仰Իסˣаʵɱһμʱǿ˳ɰǧڵžսʱȫͬն
ʵǿǽ٣ǵľΪѹƵķǳ࣬ʱʵҫƹĵ϶¥
¥һװƽĴãڴñԵ̨ϣճϯضǰһľС輸һߣһ¥Ļ谵ռȣԵţĿ
ʩһ·ˣ룡ճ΢΢һЦ˰ҫһۣһ˫ĵžü信ɢһ޵ƣ漴ָָ΢Ц
ҫ΢΢һ㶹һճ£һϹϾģԵúǾнճ΢΢һЦʩؾнͺã
ҫһڣ˵ͷżɽճʦǴʦǡ
ţǰ㣬ʦܵħٴαβ֪ô£Ƽӿʵһǳֲĳ̶ȣֻѹ


ھʮ 飡
ҫüͷ΢壬̾ϢһſճڵΪʲôģ
ճ΢ЦҡͷĿɬڵֵĵطǸ֪ԭǰʦܸԵʦдʱħǳͻأıˣһԤ׶ûУҲǺͷ
ҫ˵ͷڵճʦʲôܰæĵطô
ճ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵʩϹʮ֮һġ򷨟o񹦰ɣ
ҫ˵ͷճ˵ͨԿǵͨ˼ӣ
һҫ΢΢һĿʵͨʲôճʦʾ
ġ򷨟oйͨЧƶɮ뷨Ϊý飬ҵԪ뵽ʦ̨ܵڣҪĴڣճһЦ˵
ճʦˡҫ񣬲֪ճʦмɰգҫһ˵
ճһҫĻ˶ԿǵĹģûԼİΣ⵹ÿճжøд
߳ϵİգճһ裬ڵ
Ȼˣ²˳٣ǡſճŵ񣬰ҫĵ˵ͷڻû˵꣬㱻ճִ̧ˡ
ڻʱȣʩĹͨҪĵڹӴ󣬰ʩȻѴ֮ɲԸɵģε֮ͨᴦڹϢ״̬Χһжᴦڷ״̬Ҫ˱ǵճЦ
ҫüʵǵΪΣ
ΪʦֻܽͨǿʦܵģʱжģԸȻҪɱ֮죬ǱҪػУճ̾Ϣһ˵
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ԭʵ漴ֽüͷҡͷ̾Ϣڵճʦ˵䲻ĻҵһǻûʲôҪǰҵֵǳǾ͡ϾʵҵֵǼʹһҲδĶ֣
ģԵձλʦܶЭңֻҪƶɮʩܹɹѹôʵԽԽԷģճ΢ЦԵʮ㣬ɰҫɽüͷûչ
ҫ˵ǣԼһҲûʲô˵ģһļˣҲԼٴΣԼ֪ͼԸȻҪʩԮֵġ
ǣԼֵǣǾˣҲճ˼ʵ»ûڿȥô򵥣ҪԵձͬʱָֻҪԼֵͬʱЭҫʵ»Ҫڽħ֮ϣһҫĹǾ͸ˡ
ҫ˼һ󣬺Ȼʲô̧ͷճڵճʦһ²ϣճʦܹһ
ʰɣճ΢΢һЦڻص
ճʦпԭΪʲôҪҵֵǴЭǧڸƣһЭǸôҫ࣬Ҳʼеͳ
ûǰҫԺиոʣȻԼһʵȷǲСɸǧȸֵһӡ
Ҫ֪νʮ󳬼ÿһҪ߲ͨŽȥģôһȵ뻯ߣȻв٣ЩӵоĴ߲֣ԼֵܵڻңҫԹ
ճҫɫƣа̾һΪԼסһ㣬ԼеСưҫ˼Ӧˣҡҡͷ̾һ漴һǳڵΪڵĸֲִ£ϵܳɹǻãܣҿһҪǧ£
һҫȻһʲô˼ҫ֪ǧÿһλɮ˵ķŶڵͳһģǳĻôǷζſһǧµһԱ൱ڱһ㡣
ճƺ˰ҫ룬Цһڵµĳʵ׵ԶҪпᣬǲһʥǰȥôʱŷ뼸λϽԲִ£ֱӽʦɱҷϵǵһΪǧ£
ôܣ޷֮˲ӦôȱΪôôֲΪ˵£ҴڴʦǣôԳͷǣҫһ˵
ǺǣΪ˵ҫҪף֮УЩɼο֯һӴʱôкܶ£㲻òȥ飬֪㲻ģҲǷɡ
ǿһԻ͹˵Ѿ㹻ˣǳΪǧµ۵ʱֺαҪǧʥһͬˮأŷʹ֪ȷҲᾡһŬȥԡ
Ȼʩ㲻ԸæƶɮҲǿ㣬ֻ˵ǿһ·ߵǾͷˣˣǲԩκˣҲֻ˵컯Ūˣɣճ̨֣Ц
ûЦûһ˿밧ƺԼҵδûκε֮⣬Ļ˵ܾν˳Ӧɡ
ҫͷ˼һҫ̧ͷڵӦ£ҵֵߣҪһᣡ
ճת԰ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵ͸ˣʩǲԸҲǿ󣬴˷£ƶɮٴл
ҫ˵ͷǣ¥֮󣬷ɱѹţ߼ҫ¥ʱݺݵĵҫ漴¶һɭЦݡ
ҫ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷ̧߳ݣ֮󣬷һεĿԼʱе棬ʵѾͷôˣ
Ǹ֮ǰһСɳ˵Ҷĸǧ´ĦԺһִˣǻȥһ°ɣЦ˵
ҫȻһ㶣漴˷ۣŶͷһ鷳漴ֿԵһ񣬿ڵԵʦҵֵǸ鷳ˣ벻Ҫ֣ھȥ
Ե΢΢һЦҡҡͷڵƶɮһȥɣƶɮҲѾֻ֪Ѷѣʩ赣ġ
ҫܲ˼ĵ˵ͷпԵһͬȥݵĶ¥ճȥ̾Ϣһţʩ˷Ƕл
ҫ˸ϵʱֳѾΪˣҶĸԶĲֺ˫Ѿ˽㣨45ӣʱ䣬ûзֳʤԽսԽȫûֵͣơ
ҫյǣ°Ҳ˴ˣһͷзӡɮˣɮòͨƫݰС°żĲ
ɾһȥеӪɮˣȴ°˸൱ɮõҲȭȭ֮ˣǾʮ׿İҫ˶ܸеǹɿֲȭ磬ʵ֮ǿҫǰզࡣ
Եһ°ҶĸԵĶ֣ʶüë΢΢һЦڵȻĦԺλܳĵӽˣ൱ʩʵСﰡ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴΢ЦҡͷڵԵʦҫȥֹǣ֮Եʦຣ
Ե΢Цͷҫһȭμӿһܳ񹦲ĹѾת˼㣬ǵھĴ𾢷񱬷
ҫһҾƣһӵĹΪ֮ίʵЩΧ۵ɮֻеһǿ˱ͷһʱһǰһǳ
ʶķֿͨǿֲѹɽ˷׷׹ε׵ɮһȻ֮ɫ˷ֱ°ҶĶȥ


ھʮ С¶һ֣ƣ
ҫĳ˲СƣֻɴܶҾƣǿѹֱѹǰɮڣ漴ﳤȥ
°ҶģˣҪҪס֣ҫδȵһȷ·ŭףڳɮڹģʱеĤʹҲֻг°ҶģԼǵĶֲܵס
ϴҲͣǲͣҶεķ˷ۣصֻһģǰľԶлɳˣ˲黨ֱָüĶȥּ׺ݡ
ҫüͷһаŭ׺ݣɲѵģʵԶһָԼҲˣոһ˲ǱܷӦҪˡ
Զ֣ҫȴüأֻһ̧ʳָβֱָָ˸漴һһָâٶ֮죬Ȼʳָ̽ھԶϣһָ𿪣βָ󽣻оԶ磬ˡ
ԶʹòˣƲأֻǱҫָâƤȻҫҲˣĻԾ񽣵ķȻᶴļ򣬿ɼҫԾѾﵽշĵزøպøϵĿԵ΢΢ͷнкá
˵ʱʱ죬ҫһסԶ֮βͣӶмɴܶǿѹֱֱ°ȥ
ǡԶһĿŰҫԶȥıӰԾ˵
ֵܣ˳ƻ죬ôɣҶЦǺǵ˵žԶһȵı飬аˬͬʱҲ԰ҫʵ̾
СӵʵôһαһǿоԶѽôɢȥˣúúһˣҶİš
ҶĻ𵱳ԿЦһμҫʱ߸Ķ֣׾ٵŪڹ֮䡣ڶμҫʱ߽СȻδڹʵԼʱ߳ʵμ棬ҫѾܹеİ˻ˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾܹоҫʵѾﵽĪĳ̶ȣôһأҶгһ˿СʣͬʱһɾͬȻ
졤ҫԭǰҫѹҾȻһжӲס氡
ԶЦҡͷԭΪԼڴĦԺʵѾ㹻ǿˣĦԺ˳Ժ⣬ԼȾӵڶֵΣʵڶս°λпʼһ޵ԵøС
֮ǰҫָâûзӦһ˲Ľ£Զ֪ʲôˣ֪⻹ֻǰҫС¶һֻ֣߳ɹĻ޳
һ˵뷨ж죿˲֪ҶԶĻҲӵʱѣսĵط°Ǳʮ׵ľ룬ɾʱҫѾϵ˳°ߡ
ʱ°Сɮ˵ҲҶĲ࣬ԼҪ֣ɶԷţʹ°ȰԷҲǳţƲûм
°Ҳһ˿Ҫչ͵ķʱ򱻰ҫᰴס漴һ°һпд·ʵ
°ǸȽϳȵˣҶԶǰǷǺܺõ֤һԴΪأҫһ£ȻϢģѹеİŭ˵ͷ
ǻ졤ҫôƶɮĦԺŰҫڹžսд޺ʮ޺ƶɮҫֽ̼Уˣۼҫϵޱ漴̧־һȭȭѹϢȭһȭ֮ǰ°ʱǿʮֹ
ʮȭƼ
ҫ°ͬʱһ㶣ǰΪĻüһѹֶԳ°ƣԭʵĿǳԼģΪʵԭһԼһǱʵġ
ҫķӦ֮죬˼һԾ׺һȭ̧һֱţһźݺݵĵھȭϣҫȾжأüͷ֪ˡ
ֻоԼȭ·𱻱һ㣬ʹѵҫһȸһ򲻿ƥ֮УҺǱڵľֱֱ۵ĽУǿľǽ˺ˣԵüǱ
ȡ׶ɽݣ
ʦˣҫҪպʦһϸ£ҫ˾֮Ҳ׷ǿͿıȭһ΢Ц
ʱֳɮڻȻһƬҫһ־͸ɴĻ˾ԶĦԺһǿ֣ʵ֮ǿڳ˽Ŀɿڴһ߳ŭԽŨ
ǧڽʲôĵλʮ󳬼֮һµķʥأλ𴨲ڶҪһͷڵߵﶼᱻŸټǰ˴λԼڵĺ֣Ѱһȵڡ
ĳЩ˵ĵӲһΨҶ̬ƽֺκ뷨ĵɮ֮൱ǱҫݺݵĳһӣЩ֪첻ֻоôġ
ʱҫһź˾֮Եúڣһɮ̾Ͼҫ⣬й¼ҲжţҲǱʱ˿̵ûʲô
ʣµһɮдвƴһоͰԼ˵ĺӮƵģǾðҫǸ֮ˣֻứȡѣ˿ʼþҫٱһΡ
أڱҫʮֹ֮ǽʹҫȾǿ͵ĺˣ֮ǰԼҲͬû֣֪ҫĹҪ
ɾҲǲǿ֮ʤһ棬սļ뾭һ棬ֻƴһаҫͲˣеܲˡ
ԼôҲǴĦԺһĵһ֣ôҫˣĶˣǺ˾
ڰҫҪ߳°Ҷ֮ʱˣʩʵ߾ƶɮҲǼѾãգƶɮʩֽ̼У֪ɷ񣿡
ԭҫѾų°Ҷת߳ʮˣɾĻ쳣ҫ̾Ϣһҡͷ漴ͷҲص˵ʦҫҪ磬Ǹսɣ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Ǹ߸߹Цʩ¼Ҳ˵ɱ¾ϣԹӦòǵС֮ɣĻţûʸӵеģ
һﻰ䣬ҫüͷһԵҶҪںǳ⣬ȴҫ£ҫתΣһЦ˵ʦ㲻Լƣеô
ôƶɮǾãʩǸԼе㲻һЦ˵
ҫ̾Ϣһ漴˫Ŀ絶ݺݵĵڵǰҫˣ
ܲܵƶɮҪʩʵˣ䣬һһ˺һֱڵֱֿͣĳҫ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ԵҶ°˿óأʱѵҫǰֻһȭ˳ƺȭͣȭѹϢĸоȭͷ۳һȭӡݺݵĺҫš
ҫǲŲæ˫۷ת˫ָ۳һһֽȻͬ˫ʹγһ̫ǳͼΣǿķ籩ƫ˾ĹΣȭжһɶ
Ųƣ
ھȫʧ֮ʣҫƲˣһֱţһļѸͣâң׺ƸͲɵ
ҫֻҪ֣ȻȫԸ͵ĹƣԷٲĵزǰҫսʽ֣顣


ھʮ ҫսĦԺԺ
ҫֿͣǺ˵Ļ𾢣δھϣѾƤеһʹһٶȡǶȡǾ޿ޡ
ۼҫһаֻķӦҲ˳Ťۺݺ˦ȭ׺ݣѵ˦ҫļ֮ϡ
ȻԼıȫ¶˰ҫƵ֮£ڰҫƵıʱԼȭͷҲͬʱаҫļһлһУԼҲԿ
飡
һ죬ҫһ죬ԼļҲͬصİ˾һȭ˵ĹͬʱжԷ⹥ȫûˡ
ľоԼǲǱˣϴľʹУûȥԼǲʩչˣô˵Ļôء
ڰҫܣʹֻʹˣƶ԰ҫ˵ֱСһһߣʹ˲ˣǴ⹦˴֮ʵѾǳˣҫȾǿǿܶࡣ
ϵľǿŶʹǿԵסʹһתֱϵİҫֻ˫һչ˫ȭݺ߬ȭ淺һ⣬˵·𱩷һϯգ֮䣬˫ȭϵĺ˲쳣ҫۣһ䣬ֱ׹ҫȥ
Ǵȭǿһʽվףʦ־ȻѾˣҫˡܵһɮˣ㵵漴ҫҲǴһֻ֮⡣
ҿδأҫʵʼռϷ磬֮ǰʦֵһȭҲûжʲô˺ʵأһɮƳ˶ԷһۣЦĻվڰҫߵġ
ʲô˼ǧµĵӣôԳ־Լ磬첲գ֮ǰɮһԷĻȻŭŶԷŭ
ߣ¶ѣ򣬱Ϲ£Ҫҿɲ㣡лܵɮһƳ˶Էһۣ
ʱܽΧɮƵһ񴫲ܶʱһƬôңҲʼûӰҫ֣˫Ŀʼһֱϼ׹µľ
ֱ䣬ھҫҵʱȭݺݺȭֲ֮֮ǰһȭǿٱֹ·һɽѹҫͷСͣȻܺ˹ֲȭҫǰ档
ԾֲȭѹҫҴ⣬ųɣžȭͷͺһƣƾ֮ǿй֮޲𾢼ڰҫķ񱬷һʵһڰҫֱϣŰȭͷӲӲĶԺһǡ
ơɽ
飡
һĺ𣬺˵˷·𱩷һϯܣԭ۲ݵĳ˲䰲ֻǶ˵ĶԺɢྡྷھɮڵһʱ·ʲôһ㣬ɢΡʱһԹսĿԵ˫Ŀ΢գдʣɢŵĽ⡣
ҫĹ̫ˣصһĵز˫ԺྡྷͲЩͨɮܳܵģпԵڰһģŽǿסĻЩɮһྡྷˡ
ǿ
ǰҫȭʱĵһо˫ͬʱеԼһʹֻ˫ûΪһж˴˵ľ𿪣Уٴκ
ҫ˫ݺύ֯һƬӰÿһƶһɺ˵Ļ𾢣ӡƺһ㷭ӿȥƼѸͣ񹥾ֹ
أȭƥ籩һʲôȭ磬ף˫ȭϵĳâÿһȭͻҫһ֣ÿҫһ֣ȭһ㣬о
飡飡飡
һĺܵɮǶĤֱ죬һЩϵ͵ɮ˸Ǹоʹʣÿһεĺ𣬶ִûķǰ㣬ܣǰĳǾˣȭӰҫӡ֯һӶչĶײ
˾ţȭûһȭһСֵľǺɫϣٳɶ֮£ʩչأһԹۿĳ°˫ĿֱĶž
Ҷķǳͬĵ˵ͷڵҵĻȥǣңǿ򲻵Ҳãҿݴͣץ׼һɱ
ţǸð취ҪҵĻһѡҫͬķʽȥӦԣǿǿҫҲʽתȴﵽ²֮ʱһԱ°˵ͷȻ˵
˼˵ҫҪҶһʵ
ǺǣҫģĹѾﵽһӵΪһ͵ĸ֣һӹȥʲôزĻֻһо񽣣ܰѾˣ°΢΢һЦڵ
˵ʵڵģ°ν׼ҫ뷨뵽һȥˣӵһӹ֮󣬰ҫԼʮɹµĹ״ﵽʲôĵزˣҲԼиķִ硣
͹Ƶľ⣬ϹƲͣѭڲϵĻУ͵ŴﵽһȻ񱬷˫ȭ⣬뷨ҲԼࡣ
ʩǽվ׵Сˣ
ڰҫ˼䣬ȭˣֻһұ۸߸̧һȭ˳ƺȭϵĺ⻮һ˵Ĺӭľ磬ҫɮ˺üΨҫһ㣬˿δ
ѧȻĪ⣬ǰҫˣҫ˫Ŀһһһ˫ͫէ֣ʮɹһƻɽ
һлɽ֮ǰһУ˵ŷ츲صı仯ǿ˰ٱֹڰҫһ֮ԼһԼʲôʱôǿˣһӹʮɷ£ôǿôһľ֮ɫ
ҫһʱ۳Ļ·һ׾ٵĳ˾ȭ˵Ļֱ˾ֲĻ˶סˣѾܣʱ˿飬ֻаС
ʩ˴˰
һϵĻҫĶУ漴һ׳һץȻҫĻУֻ΢΢һˣɢ񱬷֮ʣֱһѹһŻ漴飬ʧһɶβ档
ҫסˣ°ҶҲסˣڳеɮڶסˣҫһֲ֮Ŀãǰɮϣֱñһ㣬ɵĸƽˣڳˣĿɿڴ
˺ǿǿ󣬹ħɮŨüۣ̣׳Բһ޴ķ飬ͣԱ뺷֮
ʱɮڻ֮󣬽ŰҫţҫҲǺηӣ˶һ֮ɮȿڡ
ʩһӹʵ֮ţɶǧµĵӣ֣δе̫˰ɣɮ˳
ҫ΢΢һЦȭһ񿪿ڵ֪ʦôƺ
ĦԺԺ˿գ
ҫȻһ㶣΢Цͷԭǧϵ֮һһ֮ˣѹʵǿֲ
˿մʦҲ֮ǰǷʲô˼ոյȷһʱûסϾ޵һӹŲã׼Ҳǳ֮£˿մʦδеС˰ɣҫЦ⻰ûаַ֮⣬˿ֱüǱޱȣֳտʼý


һ ŷɵĵǸһоת𵤣
ʱֳ쳣أ˿յĻôʦļƣҫĻشͬԵòһԴĦԺԺ˿գȻֳһ޼ɵĸоܵɮһ˾еһǾеˡ
ȻܵûдŵֳĶˣҫʼձһֵȻ΢Ц˿ˮĿŰҫ˳Ĭã˿շˡ
ʩҲ׵˼˿ճ
˿մʦŪˣӦǰҫ˼ʦսҲò֣еȭۣʹһʱסҲܹѽҪҲֻܹ־ʦҫ˵Ц˿Ҳ˰ҫ˼
ʩ˼ָѧղ԰ɣ˿ձԽ䣬
һΧɮڶŭˣ˷ǧλʮ󳬼֮һȻڵĵӽ޷֮ˣԽǶ԰ҫĻе˵ķŭ
ҫҲΧɮڶŭĿӣΧĽţ˿һֲֹ̧ԽҵĶԶ
ҫ΢ЦҡͷͻȻ̧һָݲȵ˵˿մʦѧվҲֻۣ֪һ£ûиϵǾʦĵˣôܻôУԷɲԾʦֵġ
һ£տճʦҹȭҵֵΪǧµıͣȴĦԺλʦƣǧ¾ôд͵ôΪƵ۸ɣ
ҫԴǼΪϬһ䣬ֳѻȸǰܵɮڶǿģҶԶԵʱ򣬳°Ѿ˵ˣѣɵ󲻵Զţϳ°ƴȥȷôˡ
ҫֹⳡ֮ͬҲǺԺɾȴҧŰҫţ˵һ˫أҪҫֲɣҫҲֳֻֻ֣ܳһǾǧµɮ˶֮
ҫĻֹǧµɮڣ°ҶĶסˣŰҫԵƣ쳣жҫΪʲôֵôǿƣ˵ĻΪҪԼ˳ڶ
°ҶһҫߣҫǶôҲֵܹ¾սڴͬʱԶƷ𣬹١ָС˼ϵҫߣ˼ᣬһǿҵƺɨȫ
Ҷģ˵ǷˣͲͣ𣡡ƳһҶģһЦĿǿ˵
ҲȫҵģҲֻǺôƽΪ˳ǿӦҶһ˼ţ±Ͼ
ǧµеˣ̫嶯ˣ°ĺܲٵ˵Ҷĵͷĸˣһ΢Цļ򣬿ڵٴ磬ֻ˵嶯ˣҲû˵
ҶһĻȻ˾ɵǺǵЦţһԵָлܣһ˷ܵ˵Ҷģ治˼мܴô֪ͨңǧµѧһûʶأ˷һҪú̡
ָеĻ˽ͷۣ漴ֹЦʲôֵܣˣֵһ𿸣˭ʲôΣ֮ʣֵܵԶߣΪ
ڰҫ˼֮󣬳ԽԽɮ⣬Ҳʮλ߰βһɮǣǼն彫߶׼ҫˡ
ʩǺ⣬ǧ¿սɣ˿˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ŰҫǴģģЦ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˰֣ڵ˿մʦøҴñʵ˵ϵļλʦˣһˣǶǵвģǣ˿մʦҪǲһ˵˼ʹƴҲ֮
ʩˣϨ֮һ԰ɣ
һϵɤ𣬳ÿ˵ĶߣɮڶȻһ㶣漴¶һֹı飬ڻ֮ʣһɫ㻺Ʈ䣬һȥʮϵɮŽɫۣĸֶ
ɮü߰ףǰֳһ˸ߴ׵Ľɫȣݲϣ˫ĿתȻ濴ȥѾͣȻ¶֮Լ˫ĿľԿɮûб濴ȥô򵥡
μŷɣ
ɮһ֣Χеɮ˹ʩеɮ˼ع񣬾ҫһǰɮ֮Ҳǹмӵһ񣬲ԼһǧֵжཀྵԴòҪصġ
ֻоԭһСԽԽǧµ˶ֳλŷǧµӰҫ˶ǧµĿҲҪôˡ
ŷɣµǰǡ˿ǰһϹϾ˵ֻĻû˵꣬㱻ɮִ̧ˡ
Եµֳǧ·ƣҫʩλʩ²˭˭뽻ϣ֪ɷ񣡡ɮǽһԵ漴ֶ԰ҫ΢Ц
û飬ȫǰᣡҫʩһ񣬹˵
һԵĿԵŷкȻҲҵɮǰ˵ͷ漴ٿ黭ָһö˶Ľɫӡĳ֣֮һӰǰµǰȫӰϡ
һᣬӰʧеɮȫ˵ˣֳѻȸĿ廨صġԶ˼崹ͷ­ߺ֮ɫѾǳˣ˵Ϊֻݡ
ǲ˵ʲôˣΪ˶˵ȻɮƽһҲǺ֮ǷǶԴȻܹװף˿ԼһȺ񾳸ǣ̾Ϣ
ǧµŷƣǳĬһ漴̾Ϣһҡҡͷ漴̧ͷҫˣڵӷ𣬴µȷǱµдУҫʩԼʩǸˣ
һ䣬ֳһƬȻ˿ʮɮ˶һ㵣ЩֱֱĵӸǾһƬʵûж󣬲ǵŷǸƵжȴ˴۾ȵС
ʵֻܵɮסˣҫ˶Եе㲻֪룬ԭΪʹƸҲͽоǸԵǸҫԵúãȻǶ֪ôˡ
΢΢֮ʱҫһǰסԷ˫⽫һʧ˵ƴʦɷ򲻿ˣҲдʵеˣʦ
ҫסʱͻȻһ㶣ĿԷһŴǶ΢Цĵ˵ͷҫȻ֪ô£Ĭ˿һԡ
ˣɢ˰ɣˣԼȥɣһЦĻ˻֣ܵɮڽ̾ϢһշһԽܣƵľٶǴǧ¶԰ҫ˵ķвʰ
˿մһƱ񾳽ܵɮڴʱƵ˿ԺУ˿հúðǣ֮۱ң
˿ղɫĵ˵ͷȥˣ΢ЦͣĳŰҫ˵ҫʩճǱ߾Ҫˣ
һ䣬ƵٴλΪ㣬ʧ٣ҫ漴ҡͷЦȻóһƴľУǰҫסʱ͵͵ġ
ΧһĿľУҫľУһһôֱʣľڴ߿ŽӲӵĵ裬Ҷľһڵת𵤣߿žת𵤣üһҫͦԣ
ҫҡͷЦڵҪҵľͺˣⶫãҲð


һһ һӦˣ
۱֮ϣһߴʮռذƽ׵ľ޴˸͵Ĺą֮̂£ʢмһͭͭǰ˿ľޱĿǰƣıϿƺô㲻֮⡣
˿հΪոյ¶ô֮󣬻ͷ΢΢Ц
˿̾ϢһҡҡͷڵҲףŷΪҪ԰ҫ£츳ٸߣٴҲֵŷ˶Դ
˿հܶ£ڱģ㲻֪Ҳпԭǣ㲻֪֪ģҶףҲΪԭһΪҫǵеļǶ޷ģŪãǧ¿ܻһ΢Цҡͷڵ
⻰˵˿վȵԸӣͶԾ΢΢ſ漴оԼ̫ãֺˣǧµʵжǿİĹ뻯ʮλ񾳸ǴﵽʮӽٵҪһǰҫ˰صʵȥεȿֲĳ̶Ȱ
ҫ˰оȻֲǿ֪ŷɿɷһ˿վ̾һʵ
ǰҫħŰ׼ҵֱϵѪǰСӣħŵʵɲǧ֮°һ΢Ц˵
˿նȻһҫ֪кպſлĳƺţ¼ÿһ̾ޱȣǱһɾʮ֮࣬ľҪڤˡ
ڵĶޱ֣Լžս¼ҲǱһЩ˽ֵҫ֮Ƕô˲ãνˮǴߡ
ҫаħɣƵһ̶ȵĸ߷壬Щ˿֪飬֪ǣҫȻǰСӡ
еˣôţ⻰Ƶ˵ҲòţСĻģ֪Լһ۸ҫҪ˵ħŹǧǻᣬǹһǿ϶ġ
˿ü̾ϢһʹħŰСҲһ£ŷ˵ĻһеȥԶ
Ǻǣǰֻһ˵ĻҲԴֻ˿հ֪λŮʩʲôô΢Цҡͷ˿˵
˿ջһ£˰ҫԵǸľĶǵŮޣ˿յĸоԷʹҲ̫ǿбҲ̫ڣϾòʵ̫ڣᱻ˽ѻƿΪȺţɴʱƵĻƺԷͷС
˿˼һüչģҲǽҿյףѩѱĽݷ򸾵ĶŮ˵Ҫ֪£ĽȻ֪ˣǺֻأ
ƵĻ֮˿΢΢һ㶣һͷ˭бǱˣ漴ҡͷЦһڵĽȻǵĴ۱תɣ
ͬҲǿЦһ˵ͷ漴˫Ŀһ˿֮ɫڵʵֻΣĵǵģҲǧ´ֱĻһ꣬ķһǳڲͬĶ
˿һãȻʵŷɣǺܹҲλüɵ
һܣܵԣҲֻҪӳϣΪûдﵽ뻯۷ĳ̶ȣȫĶֵģֻΣܵˣǵﲻλؼĴܣԸƷᲢ۵Ĵܣ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷڵ
㣬ԸǰᲢ۵Ĵڣ⣬ôܣ˿һֵ˵֮ؼ˲֪˲ܼҪĳ̶ȣûκ˻ȥɡ
ûһĴܣ֣µĵ˵ͷڵ
˿յһ֪˭ˣⷽ뽣ƷᲢۣҵĴڣ˰ħĪƻ˭ƷֵǸˣܹӵĪһܣôҲͲԶˡ
ðǻã˿߶ţԼûг嶯ǰͽҫˣǲ룬ҫǧǲ𰡣
ˣҲǸһˣԸȥҪҫ˷ΪϱɵˣУպһڵӣ߶΢Ц˵
ǿճʦǵɣ˿΢΢񣬿ѯʡ
ţһ׻ܷǧ£ҪܷˣҲǿճҫ˰ֵԭ򡣡ƻص
ŷɣճʦʧˣѵҪǳˣ˿̾Ϣһвʵ
Ҳ̾Ϣһ˼һᣬ漴ҡҡͷ˵㵽һһڰҫ˵ϣҲˣҲŻÿճԵձ˴ӹžսһֱҫйص飬ͿһǷܹӦˣˣ˿ȥɣ
˿ٴ̾Ϣҡͷ˱ȭתȥˣȥ֮ͻȻɫһףһ֮ɫƵȣƱһӱɫСǱƤ뼡ļв㣬ڲͣƵͷ­ȥԵüˡ
ӷһأôܹΪǧһϣĵǷǿһĪˣȻܹһأôǧҲһƤһһ˱һҫ۵Ľ⣬Ҳֻάһ˲ԭѾ굽ɫŤһʧӰ١
԰԰ı涾޲߰ƿЦ漴תǾ޴ķ
ʱҫ˼˾ճԶһڣΧһ˭û˵ôмľе߿žת𵤿š
һҶ̾һڵ˼˼ֶ̣˵ģȻ󣬵Ĳð
ҫʼ磬ڵҲûϴӦⲻ
ճʦ˵мɰգ°ʵ
߳ɣҫص
ֻ߳ɰҲ˵ǻǻɼٷľ濩°һ䡣
Ǹǿ𣿡ָпŰҫ˵
ҫ˵ͷǿҪڽħ֮ϣҸճʦͨ£ûĻôԽԽǿ
ָе˵ͷ˵ʲôˣӹ磬ڵʵпԵձλʦΪǣƣҲδػ̫Σգ
ˣǵΣճ̶Ҫʵȥ˸ʲôĳ̶ȣԼҫճʦܷ˳ѹҡҡͷڵ
ҾðɣҲһĻأʱ䣬ǿÿԵձλʦָǵĹѽλָǵʵȻͻͽֻҲǷǳѵõģ΢΢һЦڵ
ôһ˵һ漴ͷ֮һһĸֺڶô򣬸ôϣİҫɵˡ
ιǴӦˣҫһԾģڵ
ӦΪʲôӦ̼ҶĹЦڻصҲǲͣĵͷҲǣ֮ǰĻֻǵһЩܴڵûֱӾܾ˼
ȷɲСӹҼңʵҲ߼аħɵ˿ɱȣ˵䲻ģŪÿǻ֮ǵģҫĵ˵
һһЦ漴ϣ΢΢һЦڵҵ˼ɣҫ磬ЩֻҪͺˣľΪҫֵţڹ̵գһôҪ˶ʣˣжȥֵûѽ
£ҫЦһҡҡͷ漴⣬ͬʱͷ˵ô죬Ҫúأ


һ ҹаɭɭ
ҫӦ˿ճԼߵ˴Ӧģÿճϲ⣬Ϊؼ䶮ͨ˲࣬Ҳˣ˿ճ벻ǲ룬ҫΨһľˡ
ڰҫҲԼ뷨Ȳ˵˵ҫһǳ˶ˣһ˶Ŵ
žսһΣϻһΣᱦʱһΣһ𣬶ڰҫ˵ݶǷǻɵģҲΪҫ֪ͼԸ񣬲ŻΧհ
˵ˣҲԼС˼֪εжض֣Ϊ˵Ҳ֪ĵҲΪҫӦ˿ճǾͿ˳ĵõһ˵ϸָ
ǿģ˭ʸԼԵõǵָ㣬ػռ˲Сıˣټ߿žת𵤣ҶĵĻ˵ξȶֵˣǵͷۡ
һ̸֮󣬽˵ǰҫʵ죬һ˾Եʵȥָҫ˵ѧҫչֳʵҲͬľѡ
ҫĹİҶĵṦܡָе󷨣ٵķ°ĹصǸǽԼس¯ĵزһ̾Ϊֹ
ճ˵ҫ˿ԳƵϵĵ񽭺һУܳĴ֮һǻƽһҪϰ׾ٵ顣
ĽӴ£ҫչֳĲֻǼߵ츳Ǽ̲εԣڷܣӲ£һЩѧϵ©˵ָ£һ͸Ҫظġ
©֮󣬰ҫ˸ϳɰǧˣûһ͵ģÿճа츳ҫУ԰ҫУڷܰҫҲУôҫ˵δ벻ǿС
ʱ䣬գۼҫǱڹΪǾΪͻͽݡ
Ҷġ١˸Ǵﵽ۷ľΪʵδͻǰǿһֹҫָС°ڹʽͬ٣ڵҹҫձԵ֮⣬ӭһҹ
𣡿ճҫ𣬲Ļ̸ҹȥ
һ·װŭȴڴ֮󣬼ֱһͷľͷڵѪķ
һɫ΢԰׵ˣüͷһ壬ǰȭһ棬һ֮һգۼɢΧʮ׷ΧػУ֮š
֡ʮһP
ڿոմһ̣¥ߵݺȻըм·һɽڿĽϣһȱڵȼž
׼Ҫʼˣ̬һȻ֮ɫ
ʱмɢǰһ󳾰ͻȻһȳ˴СȭӡẔ́ݺݵĺ˿Ľϡ

һ죬Ľ͵һīȭӡȻڽıһƣüͷ漴һۿԵߵͷᡣ
һӣһƱƱĵһϢ֮䣬ǰѾɢ漴ܲסˣǺɫȭӡ׺ֱ˳
ſĽֱ֮ʮ׿Ҳ֤˿֮ǿȻһӵĳ̶ȣǰɫȭӡٺ֮󣬿ˡ
ſԵըգۣ߱ʾףһǰֻͷ­΢΢£ǰдʣҲǰĺɫȭӡ
ɫȭӡԵֻһʱԵ͵һ̧ͷ˫ĿһƮƮƳһ˴Сĺɫȭӡô׾ٵĵס漴ǰƣһɫȭӡ·̻һ㣬ɢ
ʮơҶ
о֪Ǻɫȭӡжǿ̶ȣԼǹажϣԼ˷Ҫ˺ܽ£ֵҲͿԵһˣ˵޲̾Ե˵ʵ
ԭǿһʵ֮ǰָԼʱҲнֻ֣ǸʱԱʱõʵƻɣһȻɫôҪԵжǿء
ǰɫȭӡʧԺ󣬳Ҳ֮ɢȥͻȻһëȻаԴһͬƴǾ˶˲ԶӰĳ֡
ճҫϥֻǶ˽˫Ŀգһ㵭ĽǶ֮ϣ˴֮һףüĴһ˿ɫ໥š
Ƕ˵ĲվһߴӰһſǵǻ²ŵа˫ĿɺһƬ˫ͫǳֳһɫʱĿĶŰҫճˡ
֣
ձһ£ηɴܶ˸߸Ծ˫צ̧ۺ˫צһ䣬׺Ŀס˿ǵ˫磬ǿצǵѹһ֡
ʮ֤񹦡ᡤצħ
ձ˫צһҪƷɣ㵵ķ֣Լôôǵ·ɽһ˿δձüͷֱ壬дв
𣡡
һӿзһ𣬿񱩵аޱȣɽһ㽫ձɣɿձ֮һĿǣ̧һȭͺҫճ
ǧһ֮ʣҶǳͻأͬʱϵ֮˵ͻأΪ֮ǰһ룬˵ĸ֪ƺͣһ£ԭṦҶĵҲ䲢УһĻ˶Цˣİڱܣʱٰͣ
ңҶĿ˵һ䣬΢΢ͷһֱ࣬ǵȥ죬Ȼڿȭ֮ǰ
һ˫ֱ֣סǵļһһĻǵİסͣǿҪơ
ҲҶα仯һĲӰӥչᣬһ˫ӥצֺֿݣֱסǳȭļצƥֱסһȭ¡
ȭȦ
ӥŊZֽǣ
˵ϲνĬٶȿ磬־׼ޱȣǿһ˲ҲòסҶҲúܣԼһֱôסԷʵϵĲ࣬ǲɣ˵жҲֻסһ˲͹ˡ
һ˲ܸʲôͨһڣֻգһƤֻǶָ֮ǳǳޣǶǰ˵̫ˣ˵ѾǰĿ
ṦҶ¶ˣֻ뷨Ҷ¶˵ϷǳĬҶ¶ͬʱôϾͻᱻһ̶ϵĴңţʧȥõʱʱ˿ʱǸոպá
˵ʱʱ죬֮һƺƾһҫ۵Ľ⣬صĺڿǵ֮ϣǿľ˸˳ȥҶ¶Ҳ˲֣˿һԡ
ʮǧ֡ҫ
ڿǻڵһ㱻֮ڿճҫһƬƷˣ˽ҫճػ


һ ˭磡ս
ʱصһǰľԴڰҫճԶһԵĿǱһɫ㶯ãһûΪֻܶݺݵĶŰҫճˡ
ʩҿһδˣԷģ۴³ɰǶ£ʧܣǼʦֵܣὫǱסģճŰҫ˵
ճʦܷģҫȻӦ㣬ȻǻȫԸҵֵǣʦģӲúܣûô׳µģҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ճһ㶣΢Цͷ漴һڵʩĹǳѾһӵΪҪֳ֧ʱͨǲ㹻ƶɮĹʱһĳ̶ȣøɹģ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷճ̧һҫüģ漴һ͸ҫʱеһůü룬գ֮߱ȫů۵ʱתˮͣը˹
񣬽ҵȻֻǶݵĹǶԺҲŲСĺôճһ΢ЦĿŰҫ˵ҫҲǵ˵ͷʼת
󣬰ҫ³һˬճ֮ڵǰһ࣬ʣͬնа̾ճʵ֮ǿίʵɲ⡣
ˣôǿʼɣճҫԼܣĵ˵ͷ漴һɫ˵
ҫ˵ͷ˫Ŀ𣬽򷨟oʩչ£漴Χһж뵽ԺУԲʮڵһڰҫԺгֳһ״һ̣ʮڵһжڰҫ֮УһֻӷɹӲĸ֪
ճҫ״̬΢΢ͷͬ˫ۣɢһĽ⣬ͻȻüĴһ˿ɫ绡ڰҫüģͬʱɢһ͵Ľ⡣
漴һ绡ּٷɳ˫ĶͷüĴ绡ķɿ죬Ҳֻüһ𣡿ճҫ𣬲Ļ̸ҹȥ
ɾһ֮˲ʧ漴һ߿ǵ壬˲串壬ӿһɺ˵аа֮ĿǣԺǱŰĸϵаɽһ㱬ݺ顣
ճʦǣҫһȵĿǰ棬ʧ˵
֮ǰոʩչûжãƬһǳҫ۵Ľ⽫ŤˣһӣҫճһƬƣݱصĻڡ
辪ţǿʦܵľ磬ͬʱҲǡ
ҵ磡
һ˿ճĻҫǰĲԶһɫģ˫ĿɺһƬ׳˶һɭаɮˣаЦŶûһ׵ľ룬Ѿ˰ҫճǰ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢
Ǻǣǲ֪ΪͨͨˣֱЦͷЦЦſޱȣİҫֱü
ҫһתҪ䲻ĸһУһԵĿճʱȴǳĬ˫ü壬ƺڳ˼ʲô
룬㹻ĹȻҲһж԰ɣһаЦĿŰҫڵ
ҫüͷһ壬Եʦͨͨô
ٺһЦ˰ָаЦһĹѧʺԼģûпԵǸ츳ͨѧҪ֪ʲôҲҪѧ׹Ϊҵ磡
ʲô˼ҫ֮Уһļµĸооᷢһе־ֵ顣
ʲô˼ǺǣֱҲܼ򵥵˼ҵ磬Ȼҵ磬ôһУҿƵѽ˵ҿ
˫Ŀ΢΢аЦݸˣֻһָԭȻ˲һƬµҲ漴ʧһƬ֮ء
ҫ͵һ񱬷𾢲֮ϣ·һ㣬ݣҫˣΪе˵ҵʲô˼ˣ磬ôĹƿصġ
ֻ
ž
һ䣬ִһָǸɿݿѵĵ棬ϵĴѽѽ漴һֻɿݵƳ棬һ֮ʬҫ
ǡ
ҫ˫ͫһС㣬Щʬ屣˱òŵֽǧ죬ףɵıP¼߽ܣīӣалսšɽͶ
֮ǰʬиҫֻ֣ڰҫϵˣŰҫӵһצ֮ɫһҪҫƤǵơ
ʱڵİҫһսʵеĶսѱãʱѾȥһӣˣЦĿſǣʼһԲǾչĹơ
˳ɹס˿ߣɺߵʵʵǽͷöҿǵаʱƱԽŨ˳ʵҲڲͣӣʱѾ̤նˡ
ҫʦǱߵֹ̫أʦܵʵѾ뵽˳ˣôȥһﵽ۷ʱڵˮ׼Ǿͻǳˡһڣ˵
֣ϣձһѪˮ˵֮ǰ˿һȭ㱻ıȥ񣬻ܿסĮԸ񣬼ʹʹҲҺ
˷ۣаһϻҪǿǴʱʵ̫ǿˣȻӾΪ˵ֻгڣսʵ̫ˣǺˡ
ʽϽ˿ϰķѧ޿ޣսʱӳʵУһ·޾ʱаĿǣʵǿĿ¡
ԵǰһĿļ򣬻ͷʼձ΢Ц˿ϵĿǣ漴ֶſ˵Ҫţҫʦ֣İɣһһܹȥǼСֵĶأ
΢΢һ㶣漴չһЦ˵ķ򣬴ʱ°˹Ϣ֮ǰ֮£ſǿһޣòϢ
Уҫճʦ̫ˣٶȾԻǣʱ͵ϮҫǾͲˣûʲô취ƶߣҶǿ˿Զ뾫İҫճˣ漴̧ͷϵĿǣ˵
ͬȥձҶߣ˵
ҶıĪһ漴һ˵ͷһԵĿԵڵȥɣססҪðҫʦֿ̫֮Զһ֮ڣͨʧģǵͻ᳹ʧԶزˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷҫճķҲ˼䣬СģֻҶĵṦãҪҫȻĪ
ãʼɣĻһ䣬ԵһǣϵҲǰ׼ţҶձʩչ£ҫճķ
ڰеĿǣһı֮ɫǿһ۷ɳĿԵ漴ֽתƵҶձ󶨸ڰҫճϣ漴һ
𣡡


һ ۳֮ӥ붾
һɤŻ󣬳˺𣬻ʲôҶţǵ죬һɤĤ죬Ѫ֮쳣ܡ
룬Ҷĵɿ磬ֱҫճߵĿձĬĽ棬ʵԿձȫҶһҫճߡ
ҪҶģԲŻŲÿǻ᲻ҶչĹƣҶĵʵǿǵһ֮
ʱһ֮ٿԵչսĽȫ棬˾һ׽һݣȭŲöԿչĹơ
ԵأҲûţֻһȦۣɢĽ⣬ͫ׸ǳֳɫeַӡȥʥַʱʱĶԿԮԼأϵļĬ
ڿǣԿԵ˫عһֱмܵ࣬ɷǳֵǿһֱض๥٣ȻֻƣȴصĹռˡ
Ҳ棬ֻһʱ벻ͨԷҪʲôϵĹѸϴݱϵͬԴǼǣ븨οǻû񾳣սʵ
ʱҶľҫճֻ׵ľ룬־˵ת˲ҲһŰҫİȫ⣬ûй̫࣬߿ձҲܺܺõıҲϵսֱĳҫֻΣӦҪһ£Ϊ˶С˿ǡ
ͬһʱ̣ӦͬһӣҶľҫ׵ľʱϵĴսһı仯һȭȭͺˣǧըҩըֱһȭǺݺݵĺ˳ȥ
ɾɿ֮ԭӦôϲ飬ȴ˴󾪣аһ⣬ոմԣǱˡ
һȭǺɵ˰ҫճķ򣬶ҲⰤϿһȭӶſľԼٷҫճ
ס죡һȣʱѾϲˣֻܷѣ漴Եٶ˼¼׷ϣľֻҶձˡ
ȥأ
ձĶ֣漴ӭֱǶȥǵٶȿޱȣ·ҹеǣ˸о˲һݣɿǵٶȼʹٿ죬Կձ˵Ҳǿ쵽޷أʱһ㡣
ֻαֱĳգ·һڹ⣬ֱ֮˫Ⱥƿ籩һ߳Ӱǰ󼸺һէ֮£ʮһ㣬ſǿ񹥶ȥǰͷѹסˡ
֤񹦡ᡤŭգ
ձƺɽѹȥޱ飬һ˫ɺѪĿ͸һޱ˵ĺ⣬ʳֱָǰһһɫγһԲεķ֣ǰеӰ֮⣬صܲ͸磬
һָܣ
ձüͷ壬Ȼһ߳ϰٽţԼĹȫ޷ƿǵķȻ÷ֳһѺۣĺܣҪƷָܡ
ǿˣձаϵľļˣɾڿձӽ֮ʱı˲úȻΪǲˣʵǿǲˣֻĿ꣬Ҷĵķ׹䡣
ҶģС󣡡ĽҶĵ˫ĿԾͬʱҲÿձһãţû뵽ԭӦӵǵĿǣȻթͣı任Ŀ꣬ʵǷʤ
ձҪԮѾϲˣԵҲϲˣ˸ǲ˵ʵӿҶĲûȥõʱ䣬ֻһ֮ڡ
ҲһӣҶĶûӦûȡҪķʩûܣ飬ֻʮɹȥӲǵĹˣ˵ľ磬Ҷתʱ䶼ûУֻҪڣȥ֮Ŀֲơ
飡
һ죬Ҷ˫Ŀһ죬һţ͵һѪһùܵ˿ǵ˫ѹ˵ľûùǲ飬Ҫȥֿ׶༪٣ֻӥ·Ǳǲȶ˫ᣬݺݵѹ档
ʹ˺ѷεʹԱʹҶĸоԼҪѿƵģʹûҧҶкҪɿǽ̤ϣԼҲҪзϣҪԾȡ
˵ʱʱ죬Ҷĵų˫Ŀһת˼£͵һһƫһ˲˿ǵĽѹһӰӥ仯һĲӰ֮յ˿ǵĲ̤
ãԶĿĴ̾ǿҲΪҶĵṦȲʣҲһ֮ǰһ˲˵ĶᵽɤۣΪҶİһ亹ͬʱҲҶĵṦѡ
Ҷأɹǵ֮󣬽żһأ̾͵ϥأڴڵѪ֮ǰĳͬĹ硢อһ˵ˣ˵ĻᣬԼڹŹһȦʱǾһ亹
ɾڴʱ˵עҶĵϣ˶˿ǵĴڣע⵽ʱѾˣѾվ˰ҫճǰֻаײ
˶һ˷ƵĳǣʱеľѾԸӣУҫ£Բܣҫ£ôŭȼǧ¡
˺ܿ죬ǳĿ죬ǿ첻̧֣첻ǵ£µֱҫǣһҪǺʵˣҫɡ
Σʱ̣ҫճԶ߳һӰӰչ¶ݣһ꣬üĿ㣬Ƥ׾ٿȥȽۣƺ󣬵ǰһĻʱסˡ
ǡҫ磡
漴һȣηɴܶɢһɫӫ⣬ӥչһµıӫⱬϰϸܵıɫкڿϣĿǺ˺üƵ֮֮ͣǿɼһߡ
춾ıԪ̼
ˣ岽࣬ˣ͵֮ϣһаȻתīɫǵ˺Ҳ˿һѵĻᣬոס֮ʱԳڰҫ˵ߣ令ס
µĿ˿ҫؿڰһգ漴ֳ꿴ȥãһԷĳ࣬ʱϲüңڵ
㣡궸Ȼһ㶣¶һ־ϲ֮ɫǰҫޱУĹϾµ
˿ҫֿ˿ǴԭصĿǣһãȻĿڵ㣬ҫôˣ⵽ô°
Ƚ鷳˵ڽһҪ粽غҫ磬ôҡͷЦ漴һĶ˵
΢΢һ㶣֣µĵ˵ͷظڵİ㣬ҫػˣûҫһͷ
ظ˶㿴ҿһͻȻֻǼʱ꣬ĳҲ˸еɻ
ò꣬ȻܷôĹƣһöĸ֣ʵ̾԰ҫĳƺ֪˵ĹϵǱѰ
ؿǣʱ˴ԭأͣһĻĿɿڴ͵ĵϥأ˫Ŀļԭɺɫ۰ףȻһ㵭ı֮ɫ
һۿǣͷڵѽЧأӦһˣ


һ գݾ
ˣôüʵ
Ȼοħķǳף嶼סˣһԺֻбŰɱ¾ʶĹ
Ⲣǿǵı⣬䱾廹ʦֿǣһ˳ǰʵǲ̫أϾʮ֮ͬ飬ôĨȥġ
΢΢һ㶣ǵ˵ͷҡҡͷڵͣеЧúܶأһ˵ܣһ̶ȵ̱̱֫ãǾҪΪˣٽ۷ΪΪ߹һףĻӦһҵʱɡ
˵Ļ֮нǾ̾ޱȣ껹ʮһ۵òöıȻĪ⣬׷׶߿һۡ
ĻҲĵˣеĴʯֻܲǲֵĺãϾǵǿʵ̫ˣǿǹթͷҲ˷ʤ֮ǰҪĴڣǰҫճȻ׶༪١
ĶÿݻƣҲøһϢĻᣬֻǲֶ֪ܼãҲ˲Ҵ⣬Դ
ʵļסţǾأ
ҫЦǰ֮ĽʬɱЩʬҲԳ֮ΪʬÿһܲǣΪǱǰһǸҫֵˣ״̬ʮİҫӦҲǽͷö
ҫһƺ˼ͶͬʱһаȽǧ𿪣İ¡롮󞡯¼ɱҫ˫Ŀһ˫۽ϰָ𣬰˵ɫâļɨǰľ˾ˣҲðҫܹӵдϢĻᡣ
Щһǿǵʱǿֹȵȣ磬ôЩ˶ҲԾĵǵʵҳƽĳ̶ȣôǿһأҫüͷ漴һڣĬĬ˷ѪԪ󷨵ĵڶƪѪƪ
ǰPȭ£Ʒˣȭ׺ޱȣǸɷģԽŵƨڰҫյ°ܽʹھУʹΪµĵزҲɲΪ塣
ֻҫƤɰת죬ڽҧǷһ˿˿Ұް˻̧־һƥĵâ·ҪƸǰԵף˵Ļ𾢲Pȭ߽⣬˸ڣĲ
գ
ҫһP֮˾˷Ƶǰʬȥݺݵ뵽˶֮С
ʱʬǲ֫ҷɣ𾢺ƺ˰㳯ϯââӰƷ壬ڿѪƪӳµİҫȻֻƾһ˾ɱƺòˡ
ѪԪ󷨣Ѫϵı죬ħһ壬ǡǡѪ졣
ȻеһЩҲֱ죬ֻǵı̶Ȳûа׼ôֱӰˣҲȫ޷֮ȣһ״̬ʵ󣬱ΪѪ֢
Ѫ֢ĿԭͨѪҺصжʱļӳɣӶﵽʱڽսһ产˵ĵزַֻʽײ档
ĵطǿڶʱڽսȵ˵սʶսܵõһֲʻǳɱ
׵ĵطڷѪ֢ȥ֮󣬶ѪǻһˣԭıŰʶǱԺУֱĳһ۵һޣױ˲Ƿ衣
ڷѪ֢ȱݣݺİĽѪ֢ıһ׹֮ȱǱѹƵ˼ޣԺԲƵĳ̶ȣҲðһܹѪ֢á
ԹʱҫڿѪƪļӳ¿νǻȺɱķѪƪԣܹҫ޵Լܣп񻯼սʶӶﵽѵս״̬ҲðҫԭʵԼƽĽʬǣĴ
ŶСĻ治٣ǵõҲֻһʥڵСˣʵȻͻͽزѵõ˲Ű
ԶŰҫɱķɭȻһЦϵĻҲ̾ҫʵϼʹ˵ôҫȴѪޱȣϵɭаЦ˸е
Сֵĺܲүû棬ֱɣ
ЦԽԽɭ˵һ֮֮ʣ̧һָǱ߱ҫɱǧ߽ʬȻӰ
Ӱ֮ٿղѹҫߵĽʬֱѹȱڣǧ߽ʬ˵ѹѹ࣬˵ĳʵޱȡ
춯صľ죬ҫͣϵɱ¾ͬʱʣµһǧ߽ʬɢΣҫŻĿҸԿһۣ漴ҡͷЦؿ鷳͸ˣսȻ֡
˭ǰҫڹžսУıͷܣصġħ˷磬ұǲǰµϣֵܾܵĽħ
ħƺŵĳǿڳҫҲеԼ¾ҪˣɼΣĵزҫҲʼûзϣһ𾢷񱬷Ҿ纣һϯķ˫Ŀ鶯սʮ㡣
ˣЩİϷͣһͣˣ
ճˣֺ󣬰ҫսһֱĬĿճǿˣֳֻŰҫһӣҫߣͬħħ˵ҲͬʱΪ˻ҽ
ҫһۿճ΢΢һЦȭлճʦȣ
ճ΢Цͷڻص޷˿һߣʣµ齻ҾͿˣ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ľ磬˵еĹ򶼱һƿأô˵ף޵еĴڣճ˼ԼŵЦݣƺűʤֶΣ⵽ҫг˺档
ڰҫ˿֮󣬿ճתͷ߱صļҪγѪ˫Ŀݺݵĵſճֻʼղһԣ֮ǰǹɿ̬ȣԵøˡ
ʵ̫ˣ㲻ãڸ·Ҫô־ܱһУҪôҽӡԼѡɣճ̾Ϣҡͷ˵
㱻ŵʦƽ￴㲻ɽ¶ˮΪ˵ֹˮû뵽ЦҲôҵ磬ʦ֣ҵ磬ûлȨұ죡
һЦ漴һָճҫȻһüͷĸ֪зĳֹıˣһ硣
аİҫҪڣķûſʲôסƵĸŲҲˣԼɽһĻֵˡ
ûľ磬ʵΪйģıʵΪôĹƿضһʲô𣡡
ճˣǵģܹ˵ʹıĹ򣬳Ϊ磬Ҳܿڣ˵дıʵΪʵĹûΪĴҪĹ
˻ǹڲһûһ㣬ǿһÿһ˶ԼĶԣձʦóƣʦó⹦Եʦóӡģʦóڹأǿѽ
ճһ䣬˫Ŀһɣɢһҫ۵Ľ⣬һֵתܣٶٿ죬Ҳ첻⣬ҫôĿ֡


һ ӡڰˣ
ճҪңҲҪ㵱汳˭ã⳹û֮󣬺ͷһЪ˹漴µаȻչĶԿ
ֵֿпõĻֻǸ࿹ӣеаͱǿԵķѹ˻ȥ֮𣬸޷֮⡣
ʱҧгݣľ͹𣬲û⣬˸Ǳֱſڵϣ֧Žıȣϵаһһѹص壬аѹ֮ҲҪ׵군ˡ
ٸż翹ҵѹ£ûϣԹɣճٿ˱۵Ľ⣬ҫۣɭı飬ҫ˶һƤ
ʦ֣ʦ֣ܲˣŹһذɣֻҪŹңҷĴӴԺҲռݿǵˣҲˣһڸĵģĻᣬˣŹһذɣˣԭһˣʱϵаѲһߵķΧ
ճĬˣſڵɪɪоȻһ˿̵漴̾һ˫ֽӶǰĽٻ۳һŹġ
˲ʧȫûͶشڴڵĴŴճĿһ˵Ļڸġ
ңҡ͵ճǱʱȻһ亹ΡΡ˵һᣬһڸģӽԺҲˣȨȫǣҾʹȥˣ
ճ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ڵټһһѧȫעʦܣҪޱ
⡣
һԼһѧעǵĻôȵǵʵһȵҴӽڹͬľڣǽþ
ΪھϵŹעÿǶԾĹԶԶĳҲٻκƵĴڡ
ţ㲻Ը⣿ճڵк¶ϵĽɫٴбļٶŵһ飬æڵԸ⣬Ը⣬ھͿԿʼ
䣬ȶ˫Ŀһգ֮ϼһɫĹߣֱʣһҵʱϵĺɫɢΣʱ£麹ͣĵ˸ޱȡ
ˣҴӦˣԷŹ˰ɣŴڵ
ճǸ߸𣬵˵ͷڵԣҶ㻹е㲻ģԣӽʹɣ
ճָһϵĹüģһ㶣漴ƿڴճСˣ˵㻰Ĺ֣Զţ㲻úú
ճĶţǹûü֮˶һ״Ľɫڣιûа취Ƶ֮⣬˱׵ĹѺ档
Զţ˵ʲôǷŹѽҲû԰ɣֻжӡѣܱ˺ðɣ˵ôճɭһЦ˵һԵİҫ΢΢üһָֻ糣
ճҫʱеһţҫҲǿУֻɫûж˵ʲôֻǰҫкԼոմӿճУһ˿⣬Ҫɱ˵ʱŻֵĺ⡣
ճڰҫǰ֮󣬶ĿԳĬһ֮ճ΢΢һЦʩһ񿪿ڵʩˣǶлʩˣ
ҫ΢ЦͷڵճʦףǰҫӦģֻǣĿôһ
ճ˰֣תЦģܸ߹ңĻȫûƷĿܣֻڷӡжȹˣ
ճʱ߲ٺˣԵ쳣İճİҫ΢΢ͷı鲢ûϲãԵñȽ˫ĿĶſճıӰ
ˣǻȥɣճ˵һ䣬ʧھУڶʧͷЦ
ճ̬ıСˣ㶼ˣҿ㻹̵ʲôʱΪֻҷôҫҲѽһ죬³Ҷģһ첻̫Զ̫Զ
֮ǰճʱʲôһޱЦ·жһЦЦ˫ͫķ£ҫҲˡ
ȷǴʦûôȥְܹҶĦ°ͣĴſǡ
֮ǰһ㣬Ǳֵĺܹ죬ǽ漴һ֮ɫ֮麹ֱϥٶˣϵаҲʱǿʱʱѾüΪ
˿ű仯ͣĿǣԵúãȻڿ˵Ĵ¿һ㣬Ŀſǣ˽Եһۣ漴չ΢Ц
ǴʦָҫǳɹˣԵ̾һµ˵
ţΣʦǳװħĿˣ֪취λʦֵܷЧԵĻǾٺòˣ΢Цͷ̾һڵ
ͬİ취Ƕ˶õģλʦܣħţȽ⣬ǲҪŪɳ׾ĺãһ㲻ǻ£Եҡҡͷڵ
λʦǵ˼ǰҫճʦɹѹôΪʲôûأüһǵʵ
ﭹĹͷƿԵձҲʺһɻ֮ɫ뿪ڽ֮ʣҫճͬʱ˫Ŀ
Ѿͷİɣûµģҫ΢Ц
ҫ磡һľϲ֮ɫ˵˰ҫĻУҫֵҲΧһеĿŰҫ
ҫҲǳ΢΢һЦڵֵǣİɣû£ˣ
оҶʼ磬ˬЦ֮ǰ˵أƽô࣬ΪΪֵܣν༸˵뷨Ҳ࣬Ϊֵܺܶึνġ
΢Цͷ֮ʣҫͻȻһ㶣һ˵ϣȵô⣡
ûҫĹϾ֮ΧʧȥϵСֵܣȻҲԼǰָ֮еֵľϲ
ҫ磬þòѽֻǣҪһŶǷ徻֮أ§§ôðɣңԲҪǰʹһУЦ˵
Ļҫͬʱ첻ѣһӾͷֿߣεĿһҲߺ֮ɫŰҫָͬʱһۡ
ӣͷһЦʱҲ˫ĿŰҫһڣڵλʩǧл޷ƶɮ飬лλʩˣպƶɮܰʲôæܿڱɣ
˿ֿӣһӦճҲ΢΢һЦӹ磬ڵˣһĽ֣ǽԴϲҹҲæһҹˣȻȥϢʲô˵ɣ
ճ˵ͷӦҫ࿴˿ճһۣͬ΢Цͷڿճȥ֮󣬰ҫкԼߣڵޱʶСֵܣϣܽǵֵ
һ㶣΢ЦͷҲһȣָмĿҫֵܰν˵ܳأɽҪأԼŽֵˡ
λãСܣ죬һ֣λպѽ


һ ľҫľ
֮Уݴ£ǰҫϢĵطһҹ˵ĴսƬֻٵһͿ֮һΪƽأɼս֮ҡ
һҹ޻ڶ峿ҫһѯʵ񶼷֮ԼΪʲôǧ³֡ҲֺǺǵ˵Լξ
ԭ׹֮ʱʵֽҶĻط˴ã˲ֻаʱ˼ĻãȻˤĺܲңҲֻ˼ûʲô󰭡
֮ھͣѰҰҫ˵ټκȫûλֻﲻͣת񶼵սӣֻû־ܡ
Ҫ˵УҪ˵ŶǴмңϾ򶾾ԪֲǺÿģһţϰ˵սӣмܲסһӾͶһƬɷǳɵǣȺлһˡ
˿Ǳˣֻģ˭֪ոûãͱ˵ˣ˫ȻǴһܡ
ߴӵ£˵߽ߵʦҲǽ֣εӰֻȻǶ֣Ķʵ̫ǿ޿ײݣӸտʼĲУܹͥ
˫սһ˭ûռˣֻܰսҲֵˣҪ˵ǸǰļŮ᲻ʲôɱġ
ԺãµϸĽ̸֮˫ҲǱǰһͬ£µ֪ҫйϵ֮ҲǴӦԸͬһѰҰҫ䣬ɵʱҫѾˣȻҲˡ
Ѱ޹֮Ҳû취ֻܸµ뿪ҲӦѰҰҫҲǲʶĵĽиͣµ²ꡣ
ڽļµİѰҫʵǰòУžսʼˣҲõ˰ҫѶϢ
ҲڹӪзаıҪȥҰҫȴֱסãûμӹžսֻ´ҫ
ԸΥûҫˣһս֮°жûнĻת֮񶼴䣬Ҳʹ˴Ƿ֮ء
̾ʵԹ˭ֻ˵Ҳ޷룬˷ֵʱİҫѾ˶µ֮ϣȥѰҲǴ룬ϼѡ
ٺǳ˲СĿͷϾСޱг󣬹ȻһЩʶ֪ģεӰֻֻĿϹ䡣
Ȼ⵱ҲбףȻͷûٳԣҲӵĥ־Լ׵һЩ˵·ɳһʱڣҲʱڡ
Ϊ˵ͬʱҲһ֮ģ⽫һĹ⾰Ҳûٳǿͼ飬һóڽҲԼţ˳ơӡ
֪ԼСӡ֮ҲûʲôԼöĵҲͦģֻлôСԭԼҲˡ
һʱɲֻԼô򵥣ʵҲʵķԾϾȾףڲϵУõĽ
ʱΪѾﵽڵٽ㣬ֻ۷֮Уڵ򶾾Ԫ޼ֻ֮ɲݣǵˣԼһ׵öַھԼһЩѧصĲο£Ӷ춾ı
춾ıԼ֣ΪɱǿͣҸõʹֱַΪƷơָ٢ָӡӡԼԶȺֶεġԪ̼
춾ıʵ˲ֹһǰ㣬ȻΪһٮٮ֮һ֮ħűĽԹ۶ߴսħϴħ𡯵״ӣ˳ơʥħ½ǫ
֮½ǫУҰӶݣӶ񣬶ӵˮǴߣǱ˻ƽһԤѡȻνԤѡ֪ΪʱעڰҫϣŰҫš
ϲææܵ˺ŵɽţɵִʱ򣬰ҫֲˣȥɽϵɽʱ򣬰ҫȥڤھҶȥˡ
ΥôŰҫĽźܣ˰ҫһҫȥ˲ֱ֮µˣǹǧµ顣
ǧ¾ֱĵŽԹ֮ʱо綾ΣպŵˣŵĶΪ֮ҲҪһֽš
סأž˾ȵ׵ĺģֱӻǧ£ǧµɮڵ֪ǰ֮󣬶ҲֻӵĶأһӾ͹ȥʱ䣬ֱղŽԷĶسɹ⡣
Ͼµҹߣžߵ˰ҫߣûд˳˰ҫŶС
˵֮˽겻ѣû֮ʱҶġ١ָС°Ҳ̶֪й¿Ȼ²ˡ
Сûôأͳ㣬СˣҶļһ屡Ŀǣڵ
ҫûİһְۣסǲһĶһԣЦԺ͸ǹͬ°ɣ
ͷıҪҫһͬ£ͬģֻһֱ˰ҫһûҵѣʱҫȻз
ҫ΢Цļ򣬶ҶҲƳƳ죬ûȤһߣ༸Ҳ΢Цֵֹ֮Ҳ޿ɺǵģҶûٸ֣ҲûٱʰȻҲԲỳġ
ˣԹҫǽ£ٿѯʵҲǽ߼ڰҫϡ
ҫͷ˼һ漴̧ͷһȻ֮ɫڵǡ뿪
һ䣬˼üҫҪ뿪ǧ£˸ее㲻̫⣬ڽ˿ǵħΣ֮ǧӦûǣҲ֮ķʥ䣬ҲĦǧѷҫ֪ܲ
Ǹǧµķʥѽǲôҫ磬ѵѽʵ˵
ƽʱҲҪ񣬵ǣܾʥ䵱ʲôõ鷢ǿһҸоοǵħûпȥô򵥣ҫ΢Цҡͷڵ
㿴ҿ㣬һʱҲ˵ʲôȻʱһǰ֮վſڵ΢ЦĿ
λʩѽѹôҲǣЦ
ʦʲôôҫ΢Цʵ
Ŷģʦֱչǰҹ˵һǧµķʥˣϣҸλʦҲôΪģϣǲҪƴѽЦе˵
ҫ΢΢һ㶣֮һ񣬿ڵȻλʦ룬ȻҪȥģλʦˣ
ŰҫĻ˸һͷˮҫ˵Ҫ뿪ǧôôһֲˣʵ˰˼⡣
˵ͷڵƺ̸£ǾͲˣǣ˵תȥҫ΢΢ͷٴλ
Ź֮󣬰ҫ˫Ŀһһ˸Ҫѯʣȴָֹ̧֮մˮڵд˼֡
Ҫ˵ǣ


һ ɣʥ䣡
ŵϵļ֣˶˵ˣҫڶܵĸ֪ոձ۵ʱǿˡķ鶯ƪⲻһ֮£ʱΧԶļӼǡ
ҫд˵ʲôҪǻ֮˻һ䣬˵ĶһЩ޹ؽҪС£ֻ˵񶼼ڰҫϣķʩ
жˣָմˮд
Ͻǰ֮ϣϱһʮ׵ϣ߰ʮľ֮ϣҫд¡
ôд
ܹݣҫдָָ֮°ָָ˿֮ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
һԵҶĻæָָԼ˼˵Լ֣˭֪ҫ˰֣д˻ûãβҪǣֻǿǵĵϸѡ
ҶεƳƳ죬˵ͷãҫ΢΢һЦһȣ˿ӣΣ
ҫĺո£١°ˣֱӳݵǽԼŰҫдٴȥĹۣߵ˳˵С
͸߰һ°Ӵ°Ҳ鲻˶١СƺŮӡӹûʲô֮
˵Ķǳһ£˺һۣ˵ֱӳ֣Ҳǽ֣һӦǷ롣
˫Ŀ΢΢һ̣һ˿Ц漴±һɼ͵ı֮֮лһ˿ڰ֮ɫΧʱʱͣ0.1롣
֣ʱֹͣô˵һ䣬Եúܺ棬ϸпȷŮӡ
һ㶣漴źŮӵ˵ͷֺƵһŮӵĲֺ飬ֿͣȫûΪԷŮӶʲô֮⡣
ȭͷ
֪ŮӳֻܺãղǸ㽻ֵʱ򣬸ĸУǣŮϸһˣ仯һƬĲӰٷɶݣĵҲֻǹһӰϣһ»˸ա
عʱԷͲӰṦ֮߹ƲҶ֮£ǿ˿ԼƣźŮʧķǸ߸߹𣬵˼
ȥ֮󣬷ֳ°ҲˣѯǱߵ˵Ҳ߲࣬ԷֻӲƴһУͽˣûҪǽֵ˼
ҫ̾Ϣһҡҡͷڵˣ֮ڿǴʦħûô򵥣ⳡʥ䣬ضʲô·ǶСİɣ
ҫ磬Ϊʲôô˵أǷʲôôʵҫֵܣҲ顣
ҫü̾ϢһڵһָоһħĲֻǿǴʦճʦħҲһͬˣ
͵һ𣬴һ־Ŀ⿴ҫҫǻҹھУճſȶЦ
üڵҫ磬ô˵ʲôôǲǾзʲô˵ô
ҫ˦˦ͷڵֻҵĻɶѣ֮󣬶˵Ķа֪쳣ǷͿˣȲҪ֮Сһû
Ե˵ͷҫĻûгĻôεķʥһ֣ô˾Ҫúõ׼һˡ
ʱǧܱߵһɽϣ֮ǰغ˳ڴ˵أ˵ϥأİݷǰһӰǰ
ȷôӰͳĲȻǱڸǹˡ
ǧµһ֪̽һҲ֮Ҿƴֻǧµʥ俪ʼȱܽһ£еȵĺӿڻص
ţܺãҵﱸѾãսʧˣҫأӰڵ
ԲҲǧ֮УߣҪҪȽȥ˵
޷ʱһڳݾߣǧ֮ҪƻչδҪͳһΪа£
Ӱһȣʮ㣬˽Ѫڣа£һͳ
Ӱĵ˵ͷһ˦͵ĻΪһźʧ٣ʧ֮󣬲Զһɮ̤նһɽ崦ҡͷ̾ǿճ
ؿǰҫ˶νеĺܣڰҫ˽˿ǵħӶǧ¶˷ߵڣǧµŷҲԹлҲҫܳ
һЩߣϵԺҲǷ׷׹лҲûٸǰҶֵòУ֪һǧϵĹϵ쳣á
ʱúܿ죬ҫҲû£ҶĵȫΪǷǳͻƵ۷塣
֮У˰ҫ⣬˶뵽񾳵һȻҫʵǿģȻûн٣״̬ѵ۷֮ϣ޼
죬ǧµһʢ£ʥ佫ڽվСҫ˸磬˽Ǿʮ㣬״̬õĲٺãڿĴ£ǰȥ
ʥٰĵص㣬ɽһСɽ֮ϣ˵СΪ⴦ɽıȽСʵȴǴúܣ㹻վԵӵ
ɽڲݣԵֿٴƽ̨ÿһƽ̨½ˣ˴֮пĵ·ͨУݵĵײһϰƽ׵ʯ̨̨Եʯڻʮ׵ľ룬ҲС
ǰԼ治٣˵нӽ֮࣬ڽнǶ֮ЩǺպ϶кŵģ˵ûһǼ֮
ǰҫأҲǲ٣˵ĳһƬĿ⣬˸˽ҫڽһпν죬;ʵ벻С
ҫЩͶĿҲţûһ£ֻȺеǿһЩˡ
⵱Űʥе塢ƱڡŴеġ󞡯衢⥡һףħűħܣЩҫгԹġ
һЩҫûн֣ȴĿ¶׹ˣ˵һŮߵһ꣬ڵһɮԼаһ信ꡣ
ҫɨһȦа信ϣ߽üĿ̣ò信ʣ˫Ŀ֣ҫʱҲҫǸ߸߹¶һаЦݡ
Ŀԣ֮з·еײǰҫһμĳպҲΨһıҫԱˡ
ߵһ˵ʲô΢΢һ㶣ЦݸʢŰҫ΢΢ͷҫҲǵͷʾ⣬а˼
ҫ磬ôˣʲôرôѯʵŰҫһֱ꿴к档
ҫ΢ЦҡͷջĿ⣬ԼĹĳأİŵҲǸ˰ҫһСӣλúܺãм̨һţҸΧΧʿǣҲһľ룬һܺõĹ۲λá
Ȱҫ˵ֳ֮ǰҲ༯ˣһƴʮͲһɮնƵֳ֮һƬžѻȸ˵߶ʮһ˵ϡ
ֳֽɫȣɫģɢһ㵭Ľ⣬һʥַ֮Уֻ˫Ŀɨһܣ΢Цͷڵӷ𣬽ǧµʥ֮գڴ˶лλʩǰλʩԹΪҪ£ٴлˣ


һ аү߲ƣ
ƵĻÿ˵ĶУһһţϡģ⹦ǿĺˣڳ޲֮⣬ҫ˵ͬѡ
ŷǺùΪκӵ̾а꣬һ߹ƣһߵЦ
һڣڳˢˢͶɻĿ⣬в죬ôôʶʱ񣬾ȻôûòĲ廭׷׸е棬ͬʱҲκӵݸе档
κӵ꣬ϹŵЦǸݲȵƣ˸߿һۣʼ΢Цͣ˫Ŀתʼն̨Եơ
أκӵĲ죬ûͬ΢Цͣκӵڵӷ𣡲֪κʩʦкδŹεذ
κӵ΢Ц߳һȵҼүаӣСаκӵ
СаκӵаүȺ֮Уһ󺺾˵
Са񣿾Ǹһҹ֮䣬ǹƥƽһ֮ʮɣɱ¾˵СаκӵȻôᣡһ󺺺Ȼʧ
һأΪֻ۷壬ʵȻܸһ߶൱ˣеһҲû˱ǿˣһ米ӿڵ
ҲδأСаǿҸոտһˣǼһ¼ҲСаģӵߣһЦ
米ӺĿ꣬ʵλ̨˵˭ſҲ٣ɸСаɲ˲ֹһǰأ
ǻ죬ҫ͵Ťͷҫķ򣬶ҫأʱ˫ĿĶκӵ
ҫ磬аү򵥰Ҳͬκӵ΢Ц
ҫ΢΢ͷ˫Ŀгһ죬оתڵ߲߲һͼıС
аĻôӦҪСˣȻͬΪʮ󳬼֮һаЩأҲĪһû֪ǵľݵģҲû֪ǵʵΣֻ֪аԽǰ֮µĵһˣκӵ˫ü壬˵
Ϊδֲ֪ǶҪСĲǣ°˵ͷڵ
ǿⳡϷأָ΢Ц˵֮սʮ㡣
ҫ磬ڹžսʱ򣬾аҪ㲻ȥ֪ͨģûгɹߵҫߣ˵
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ЦЦڵ֮һʲôʷǲҪ֣뿪
ǲôҶв죬ѯʵ
ҫ̾Ϣһҡҡͷڵκӵͼı죬ôȻ׼ǧλʮ󳬼˵񾳣ǳ뻯в٣κӵɵֻӹƵġ
ȻôôϿ϶һɲڣҪǧµƾڡڵʵܲôܱʵϲߣ
аĴ磬԰ҫķͬͬʱҲҫǣ±ҫôһȥ˶ˡ
ӷԭκү֪үĵĻкָ̰΢Ц˵
ƹΪǧµŷɣǵõɮ㺭еģУϵԺϾûôõĺˣһκӵŭĿӡ
ָ̲ҵֻǴѣκӵЦе˵
Ŷү˵޷΢Ц˵
ҸڱչأһžѧչǰҸǰƴʦһһ֮պȼҸ֮󣬱лκӵ΢Ц
Ʊɣɫĵ˵ͷ΢Цʵӷү뽲ʲôҪĺԸæ
ʲôҪĶƴʦܰæģҸµ豦һãκӵ˫ĿЦѾе㲻ڵ
һֳȻһƬ豦ʲôΪ˼ûв֪ģλʮ֮һǷŵһɮƾ˱ɣǧʥء
ʱκӵĻ͸ܵ˼Ҽ˼ҽвƲûܶ˶ΪκӵǲǷˣȻֱҪ˼ҵ֮ⲻô
ȻҲ˶뷨ĳЩ˻һֲ̫õζ·ʲô½Ҫһ㣬Щʶʶ΢΢š
ֳһɧңǧߣƻûڣʮɮ˲ˣһ˶ԲĸߴɮŭȵκӵôθڣȻ̰ͼҷվͰˣаˣ
ɮϵ޺õĵһɮҵͬʱҲ޺õԺΪһ𣬼ݲðɳӣκӵĻǰĲУھҪˡ
ҵһ£ʮ޺̨Եͨһֱɴܶʮ˷߱ڣٶȼ죬գ۵Ĺѳκӵǰʮͬʱ֣޳缫׺ݣҪκӵ¡
κӵûжôЦӯӯĿʮ޺Լ֣ûУ߳һ
ں֮ڣҼү
һ͵һӣǿľɨǰʮ޺Ƿ˻ȥ˺ݺɨɡ
ʮ޺ǿľ磬һæʮɹȥֵǻǵ͹˾ǿʮؿ׻͵һѪֱײ̨֮ϣҳʮ˸Сһӡ
ڳͬʱһһ㵵Ŀκӵķͬʱֿһ̨˿ʮ޺пʼԾĻɵʱҲܿʲôˣҫ˵κӵ߲ư
Ǻɨʮ޺ҵһ˫Ŀֱҧһʮ޺ߣ鿴ƣʮ޺״ӣԼʹŭҲҪȷǵƣֶԵӵĹذ̾
̾ҵͬʱҲľκӵΪȻĺԻκӵҲû˵ʲôȻĬ˵ģʮ޺ֱǴǧµ档
о㵣κӵǲķˣɨΪܸɳǸǧ¸аһսɰ
ҫüһˣոպɨԣҫһֺϤĸоԹƵġ
ʱ׼κӵѵǰסҫ˵˰ͷҲκӵ
ү֪ڸʲôôƵѾЦˣ֮ɫʵ
˸Ҫڣȥκӵִ̧ϣ漴΢Ц˵Ȼ֪ԼڸʲôֻǼҸԸ£ûпֶҲ⣬ԣƴʦȫǰ
үҪκζԣΨ豦֣ˡѴƳֱӾܾ
ѰˣĺѰ죬ǧǽеķʥأʦһ仰Ѫɺӣһɷ羰鰡
κӵ͵һ䣬òпѪı仯˶һ亹ҲҪ˵ʲôˣǳвκӵвһвǧ£ɫӵѿˡ
κӵҪ㳥
ս֮ʣҵͷ˻ߵıȣֻ˫ĿѪ˿һƬҧгݶݺݵĵκӵ𣬱κӵķλ
ҵҪ嶯͵һһ˫üȵ
ŷɣɱʮ޺
ʲô


һһʮ սħ䣡
ʲô
һ˼Ŀ̨ϵʮ˸Ӷһ̨֮ϣ漴˫Ŀ𣬺һĽɫ˿ɢʮ޺ϡ
һӣ͵ۣ˫ĿֱκӵϵŭԸӣŭΪʮ޺ȫˣķѣԳһƬʹ޽ҲȲĲ
ڳеıͶһһɺӽŵװֱԣ˺ݺݵĴһֵĿκӵ
⽭еһз˵ʹģһ㶼̸̸£ǳҲѡӵҲãȺ֮Ҳãʱٷʤ
κӵֱɱ˶ԷľӢӣ˸еˣ˾㵵ĲΪ⣬ڽвûзһ㷢ֱӿսǰ࣬ѵһѾȫ׼Ҫһһµʵ
ڳĸŸɣԼкɵӣκӵĻߺ£ôκӵѾǳˣǾаǧս
ҵܷŭŭ˼ʮ޺̵ֽɲţ޺ǿľӢӣеĽ޺ǧµһиĸ֣ĦԺľԶ֮ϡ
ȫˣ˸ɸɾôŭʱνķŽȫˣνɱѱ֮Ժֻɱκӵߵˡ
޺õԺҵǺǣǸö֣һЦһҵȥ
飡
ɲǼײһײһ˲䣬һ˺ƱһϯķΧվĽһЩĹͣǱѹ˺üкȻ
ҵȭȭףдӡ˳ƣƷͣʵɫޱȣһ˿˿ĵâһжײ֮£˶˴˵ľˣ𾪺֮⡣
˻صκӵߣɭȻһЦ˦˦ƣڵ޺õԺȻмֱ£
ҵص棬˵³κӵϸɱ˳ɱҰͽվͽ͵
ҵһ£Ʒˣʱ˫Ŀֱκӵֹ˱ŭµҵ
ŷɣҵһ٣ڿŭƽĿһƣŭɶġ
Ƴҵҡҡͷߺݺݵ߬߬ȭͷ̧ͷ˺һۣвʵķɻصƵг˵ͷ漴תͷκӵ
үΪ豦֣аǧ¿սôа𣿡˵İ仰ǿ
κӵÿɷһЦڵҸ˵豦ұҪأҸֻʹ̣ƴʦӦ˰ɣ
̾Ϣһ˵ͷκӵĻѾˣ豦ǱҪõܽΣ豦ԼǾԲܸǾֻһˣսɡ
ճǣƺ˵
һ䣬ճձԵӦ𣬷κӵˣƷû˶Ĥ飬ٶ֮죬쵽·ƿա
ʵҲڱԵǧ±а赽ֵزҲǿеŭ𣬾͵Ʒء
ǧ´ĿһܺãܺãǺǣκӵ¶һɭаЦɨСӣһɢŵ̵ĻУʱƵͫ׼һ㣬һá
ҪлؿһʱκӵŻ䴵һϵĺ̷ֿ͸ǰĿ˽
ԿճΪ׵Ŀڱɫס˱˰գ漴Һסǵĺֳַɼƺ˵۶ڱǣֻܷһ޷Ѻ
һĻ˶ˣҫǰüһַǳõĸоƸŭĿԲȵҵǾλκӵ죡
һ䣬ʮɮͬʱεضֱʣҵԺĿһ˾£صߣλֱκӵȥʱκӵеĺڻѾ˴֮ɫĺƺѾ꣬˸Цͣ
ϣ־ܣ϶ǳ񾳵ߣٶȼ죬գۼѵκӵǰһŭһֳκӵץȥ
κӵЦ˵ʥһˣ
κӵһˣЦһڵүˣڵ¶ѣ
ͳ˻ƣһֲĸоֻһ·˲һκӵǰ̧һָŭɮģָһһקѪܵָ֮䣬漴˦ɮţƳһš
ǵָ
ɮһֱ׹ȥϿһ漴һŭɱˣǵĶܿ죬Ǻ˵ĶǸ졣
һƺһϵ֮ϣ֮죬ϸӦӲһƣＫΪֲһĻˣϻıУ˿ȥһ˼޵һը˸ʬ޴棬Ѫա
ǵƣ
ʣµ϶ˣʲôϵжʼѧˣӦ࣬Ƕ˵񣬿Ƿ˱ҴɣΪ˿ɲ㡣
ֻ缲磬һϵм䣬̧һֱһϵͷ­Ⱦ׺ƥ˱ըԣֻһžͽԷͷ­һ߱
ǵȣ
һϲһϾŵĿźˣЦͣ˫צݺύצ絶צӰݺύգۼ䣬һϵ֮ϳʮץۣѪģҲ̶ãһҽֱ׹档
ǵצ
˲ɱϵʱǿֻõʯݣֻ񾳵ĳϾͲϣɼ˵Ϊڳ֮ϣӵ뻯ʵ
κӡŭˣҧгݣһһٵĿڵ˫ĿѪ˿ֱֱĶκӵ
ƺܺڣԼΪʲô󣬶ǰȥ׽κӵϸԼʮʦֵܹϵûһȫʬû£ļңûкҩɳԵġ
ˣһɾأκӵĶͷĵЦһ漴аЦݣһָָո𣬿ճ͵˫ۣ˫ͫһƬڡ
飡飡飡飡飡
ͬʱһֻߵϵԺ˸һƣճ˺˳ȥ
ҵһĿճˣҪ֮ʣճֵǰ̧־һƣصĺҵ֮ϣҵѪһֱڵһ㱻ɣײɽ֮ϣǶ棬˹ȥԺĺ󳾡
ҲˣаĿճˣͷص̾Ϣһ૵˷ҷһѰ
ճ֮ԶԺ֣Ϊħˣеħױˣ֮ǰκӵǶڻǵħԭڡ
Ǻǣƴʦ谦ֻ̾Ҫ㽻豦֣ǧǿԱⳡѵģκӵЦͣڵ
Ҫ豦֣ãĸ㣬ҪԼȡ
һ䣬˫Ŀˣһ棬һ˶ąeַӡճסֱκӵǰ̤գһνɫ**ɢ貵Ĺâ


һһʮһ ħٷ磡һӦ
ٿ˫ͫօeֽӡӲӵģɢŵĽɫΣֳֽɫȣһ߻νֻתױȵǿʢԵʥַ
գҪɱ䣬ɵˣȥĸм쳣ı䣬һ˵ɱϯܣڳ˶ԾĴ˸аλʥɮĶɱˡ
ҲǣκӵŪǧ¼ëѼѪʥ޷Уɱʮ޺ĴϣѾѪˣҲѹƵɱǿˣΪ̲סʵķл
ŭյƣһﻰ֮ǰĸŸɣɢʿǳһ£˵Ťͷߣһɴܵ뿪ȿֺҪ뿪Ƿ֮أΪаǧǱȻһսģǿɲ꼰㰡
λôõһϷϧҾλɣ
κӵЦʮ㣬˵ɱҲûб¶ӣĻҲڳһִ²ĸо
ָֻ߸̧ɽ⣬һƬƷ̧ȥⲻãһֱŵľһ亹
ߵȺɽ֮ϣӰܶѹѹһƬ纣һѹ޾һѾ޷ñݴˣƬ˺ϣٶɫӰƿշٶ˶ǳ񾳵߰
κӵֵ̧һ̣ɽȺɽ֮ϣɱظ֣ЩװͳһһɫĺɫװҸǿ߱ƽأϿʥһ֡
мɶĸ֣ǾͲö˵ʲôˣֻг񾳵߲Żɵģۿ˷ӿ˺˽ǵһ
аʵѾﵽֵزôʮ󳬼֮һصĴڣһֱɽ¶ˮаչֳʵ˴۽磬̾Ϊֹ
һаŻ˰ҫԶɶϰ񾳣˫Ŀ΢΢
ִۣˣȫǳ񾳣аѾӴֵزôҶĽַ˫üϣĿ̾˵
»ֹأҫһУһЩ˼顣
ʱֳѾҳһ࣬д£һţôҵʮûңԵ쳣šħűڡԼ壬ҵԵüΪ侲ǵҲȫеϡ
ү㲻Ϊ豦Ҫǧ¿սôǰѽɭһЦκӵ˰֣ڵ
κӵ΢΢һЦڵ֪Ϊʲôַô
üͷһ壬δڣκӵ˵Ϊҷʱлȡ豦ֵģĻʵôܴȡرأ
˵꣬κӵַ£ֱ۵һ̣ͷϣĿռͣ漴崦ռ͵һӾңһӣЩռи߳һˡ
٣мһӳ٣Ũüۣٸˣ˫Ŀɫۣ߳࿡ȴа˸ƷǷ
ʦδɲ갡ӵͷȥ΢Ц˵
̧ͷȥ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ڵ𣬿аǷҪǧսһˣȣҪʩ֪ˣаҪͷˣ
оӣһ㶣漴ͷЦЦ֮ǿһЩΪϵ͵ˣֱӱЦ˹ȥֳҲֻҵĸֿ֣ܵ
ʦ˵ƷɰɣģǼһѱûʱ°Цɭص
üͷѱҪ˵ʶƷɵʱѱʱǿ϶еģƷɣʵ֮ǿ¸ѱ»ˡ
ɾֲ˵ѣƷûµĻаҲԲôΪƷɵ֮ⷽйأʮ󳬼ñ˴˹֮
Ʒɵʵ»ʲô˻ѵôʵ󣬲ԣһ˿ķչһĻôͲֻǧµĴˣµĴѣˣչ֮а룬漴ҡͷ̾Ϣ
ǷĽ豦֣аǧһ˾豦ȡǧµİǣԸΥ
ǺǣǵСҵɲ˫ĿһУɭȻаЦ
ʲô˼ƶ˶Ƥҧ˵
ӵʦҪ豦֣ҵǧ°¶һֲпЦݣڵ
ǰаǧµĶԹҵҹذǰ̧֣һһţŵͷ˵
ͷţ΢΢һЦڵȷ޹أֻǴҪй¶ȥ¶ҵԼպļƻӰ찡
һеɿڵ˼һϲæЦǰģҵһؿƿȥ
ôֻ˲Żؿƿ
һЦ̧־һƺ䣬ֲѹݺݺվƽ̨ϣƽ̨ѹһֱϰ׵ӡĵӣԼΧ޹ȺڽԱѹ˷ɻңȫʬû¡
˶ɵˣˣˣ˼ԲҪǰͳͳϾɱɱڰ
ֳٴɧңֻþʧݣӣɴʱӲţµص·޴ӣһЩС˸Ѿ̱ڵطϣ
ҫ磬ֹ۰ü壬ǰҵĳ棬ľޱ˵
ţĻҪأҲûһͿû˴ͷˣҫ˵ͷڻصתͣͷ˼
ûһᣬҫ̧ͷɨˣ漴͵һȵλ밲һԣ
԰ҫһӵĹӳ£ȳףɽûһ䣬һӣ˶Ŀע⵽ϣҲеľԼκӵ
λ°ҫûʸڴײߣ˷Ҳ˲ôˣаҰģɱҵȶ죬ôҲǽʲôˣԴУŽһģǧµĸɮƴһƴ˵ûһ
ԣҫ˵Ķԣаƴƣɱһбɱ׬ƴˣ
ģа㲻ӻҲǺù켴ʹƴҪҧһ
ҫҽҫԸָӣô˵ô
ԣ콣ҲԸΪҫհܷԸǣ
ҫɱΧһ
ҫⷬԴǣĻֳ߳˵ķ˷׷ױʾӰҫ
ʵ˼һҲһɲݺŸɵųϼ࣬񾳶ʮλֻǱκӵԼֶθŵˣʧ˷ִ磬ҫǸһȻһӦĹǡ
˵ǺΣʱֽ̣ţֻҪ˴ͷôеĵֻ³֣ʱİҫǵĵڡ
ҫҡͷ֪̾ԼͲͷˣڿɺãϵĵصĲ˰֮ǰǷҲκӵע⡣
κӵ˫ĿĶŰҫţǸ߸߹һ䣺ҫ˼


һһʮ üƣ
ʱҫǰȺ鼤ߵˣǿ̾ͣԸеһУԼܴЩôһԼھκεʧôǰЩ˿¾Ҫ֮ˣصĲ˰
ڰҫ֮ʣͻȻģҫͷȥʱһ㶣漴Цˣʵ԰ҫ쵼ֶҪߵֵսȫûģָֻʺʮ˵Сս
ҪָսôԵúûĵˣûĵãߵһֵУǾЦп
ʲôǿսӡġܶӳսжˣǧˣȻûսʵеģսûٴ򣬴սÿһǧҲа˰٣ڴָӣû˱ʺˡ
ˣֵܣҰɣ΢ЦĿŰҫڵ
ҫĵĵ˵ͷڴʱʮƷ𣬰ҫǰһʮ߰һٶеĳ񾳸ڰҫǰʮ˱неĳ񾳸ˡ
ʮ˻أΪ׵һӣǰһڵҫҷңϣ쵼ҷɱΧ֪ҫƣ
ҫ΢΢һЦҡҡͷ΢ЦûУ
һ㶣漴ɫƣе㶯ŭ˼ղŰҫ˵ĴȻˣ˵ûмƲߣⲻϷˣô
ǰü֮һ˿ŭ⣬ҫ΢Цİ˰ָָ֣ڵλҪŭûкõļƲߣҵֵУ
ŶΪ׵ӣɻһϲһƤ׾ȥеСĸо˿ʱǵͷ˼
ûã͵һۣǸ߸߹¶һ˿Цݣ̧ͷԼ漴΢ЦλµһƲ߿ϣ
˵޷ӵ˵ͷʵߵʮ񾳸֣ͬҲǴͷ
΢ЦͷڵȣǲӲƴΪǵʵаȲʵ̫ûȣӲƴֻ
Ե˵ͷʵȷˣԷ񾳣Լֻⷽʮλѣʹǧµĳ񾳸֣Ҳʮĳ񾳣Էһ붼Ȳϡ
ԷֻҪֳһ񾳲סôʣµһ񾳾ͿԶԼɻԴʱһɱǹôԼЩҲҪȫûϾϵĲ̫ˡ
֪кƣˮʵ
˵ͷָ̨ԵʯϵĶڣ˵ƴֻˣȻʮ޺ǴģôɽɽڲȻаǾʹȥ硣
Ϊ׵üɻʹȥǵҲֹ۰а֮ڣܷɿշߣ˸·С
û˷ѾаΧ˸ܲ͸磬ֻӬɲȥȷ·УˣǲҪԼһ·΢Ц˵
˻Ӻʵ
ǿԡȻѹǰϸ
Ƭ̣ѻ˵֮ǰʮ񾳸ֽǵɴ˫Ŀ㿴ңҿ㣬漴¶һֻĵЦݣҫҲһȵĿһаһüƣ
ôʼɣ΢΢һЦ漴˫Ŀһ˵
ʮ񾳼ͷ漴أȥԱǰˣҫļЦСӣⶼܱ뵽ģ
ʼ΢Цû취ǳʱڣֻôȥ£ЩҲ֪Ǳ˭ףûҪҪˣ
ҫһЦ˳ΧҲûסЦ˳Ļֱӣ˵ĵʵ飬±˵ú˶ȥˣͷʱЩαͨͨʧһɶǳ
ҫ˰ŵʱаԵúܳĬûҫԱǰˣûУκӵҲûС
үǲô֮ǰɱǧϵĺˣʵ
κӵ΢΢һЦ˰֣ڵûҪѾ޵Ӳģҵ뿴ҫʲô취ߣ
κӵ뷨Ǹ뵽һȥˣҫаڿĺܣаϿǳ˲СĿǾŴʥеħʥԼʥϳ˱ڰҫֱаıɱС
ҫչ¶츳ǱǲСŴƻаһЩжҫавվаĵа񡯳޼˲СȤ
ʵ֮ǰ޼ѾˣǴǧΪɱҫΪܽҫ£ʵڲܣǾͰɱˡ
ʱа˺ѾƽɽɽʮﴦеĹҲͣͷϣһԴģ
Ҫ֣ǾͿ죬ʱʲô˼
ƵѾɵǰҫĻ֮ѾҫʲôӦ֮ˣֻǰ𵽵ҪʲôϷ
Ҫ˵ǧ£ôаѾˣֻҪһ£аĴһӵϣǧ¸֮һ档
ԼֵܵаĴôȻԣʹԼаʵֻ۷ʱڵ߳ңͨߵʵԺɨаĴϰ񾳣ҪʰҲʲô
ǰ˿ɾԲԼгɱ¾Ļᣬ˭аĸ𰡣ΪԼ൱ʵͨ쳹أаСɲаƺŵģ
ĲҶ㼱ʲô˰֣ЦǺǵ˵ݲȣı飬ɣԷڸʲôüͷ
ɾʱԶɽɽ֮ϣʮ⼲ٷգ۵Ĺѷɵߣǰʮɮ˸ͷһЩɮ˸ˣֻ˵ɫǾޱȣĿƵĿơ
üʵʦܣôˣ
ǧ¾ֱɮ˶ǵ¸صʥɮеļɮΪѴ뻯֮ʵ产ˣ˶һǱģƵĲᵽɤۡ
ʦ֣ˣ²ðûˣŵ˵
ˣ˫Ŀûɷɳȥһ˫ͫײС漴ץסļ򣬾ʧʲôûˣôûģ˭ɵģⲻܣҵķӡڣ뻯ܡ
˵һ룬˵ȥˣ漴תͷŭӾɱⱼ纣ҧ˵ǲڸ
Զľ΢Цͣ𻰣ϣǾǳˣһԵľ汻ƵɱŵӣûмƳô˵ɱˣҲǣûˣҲѹƻʧȥǡ
ʦ֣һǰҵˣĪħӡͬʱص뻯Ǳڣֽ󣬽ҵȴˣ̾Ϣһ˵
͵һ漴ң˿ȥ˲ʮ꣬ŪһУаҪ豦ֻǽڶѣĿǽ
ˣˣˣҲ˵ʲôˣаҲ湻ݰƵͷ
΢΢һЦڵʦʵǧ»ܹ֮ٵģ
Ŷ˵˵΢ЦЦĺȻҲܹ졣
ǧ¹˳аΪаĸӹ΢Ц˵
Ǻǣ˳аΪаĸӹ׵ĸ㣬룬ռʹǧվֻʣһһ䣬ҲҪƴʦ󣡡


һһʮ ʥۣ
Ƿŵһ󣬳һɮʦֻ֣ʮ񾳣뻯ΪһΪ۷ܷӳһ󷨽ɣл֮ܡ
ʱһﻰ£ߵʮɮ˽һ㶣漴Ȼ֮ɫӡƵĻʧûãԶɽ֮ϵǧԺһƷ
Ĺжʮɮ˸ϵЩɷɮˣһƵ߶˵㿪ʼӡ룬ʮɮ̤նΧһȦӡƺòˡ
ǰɮׯʥģǸ߸߹аЦôǺǣ˼ãձνķŵһ󷨣
ֻһ³Ǿڴ֮¡նħ󣡡
һŭȣ˫Ŀ貣һ䣬豦ֿʼͣı󣬶ʮɮ˵ıͬʱһȦӡֻ֣оģɢŵĽɫΡ
գħ󣬴󣡡
ʮɮͬĺȵ֮鷽Բϰ֮ΰ̾Ϊֹ
ʮ˵ĺ֮ϵĽɫȻһ𣬿ʼٵɢϵĽҲͬʱɢգ۵Ĺ򣬽һ𣬳ھǰʱһߴʮɿ⣬˶ࡣ
ֽɫӰ״̬ĿڲʮɮˣԼмƣϥ½ŷŴʮ豦֣ɫģͷñ˫ֺʮɷƣԵʥַ
˫Ŀ΢΢һ𣬱Ӱ˲չ֣ͬߴʮɿ⣬ֻׯʥɲͨ͸¶һֺ˵ɭа
ҫͷȥ춯أвһɲ֮⣬ֻӣûƴԭܼ򵥣ǾʵЩͨ쳹صĴȲ̫Զˣֻӡ
ҫݺݵ߬߬ȭͷһֻץס󣬰ҫ΢΢һ㶣ߵļˣˮ¶΢Цҫ΢Цҡͷס֡
ҫ磬㣬һ죬Ǳȼ磡΢Ц˵
ţôһģҫ΢΢һЦڻص
ҫʲôأǸÿʼжˣԶкһЦ˵ͷɴܶȥ
ʱɽϵĸŸɣɽڱԵĶѨߣԤɽڲѾڿգֱͨͨɽ£һȦɽܹΪŸڣֳ֮ǰʮַߡ
ɾֳæĳʱ巽ûиһͬжšڡħű塢Լ巽ͬʱĿκӵ
κӵ̧ͷ˿еħӰ漴ߵˣڵλʥȥһ֮Աʱ֮裬еħҾͿˣ
˳˼һ󣬶ĺ˳˵үĻ֪ʲô
λʥģ¼ʹƴҲᱣүİȫԵϥأĴӦ
˵˵ͷκӵ䣬СģκӵҲ΢Цͷ߶˲ٶ˵ʲôγֱȥ
κӵ̧ͷյ࣬һָĪЦݣϸһ󣬿ϧϧȱ֮󣬲򰡣
һ䣬κӵ巽漴ֿ˿Ѿ֮һĹͣһ˫Ŀ΢΢񺮹䣬΢ЦҲ̫˰һ֣ͬ͵Ǻˣ
κӵһ䣬ǰ巽嵥ϥ¹ȵ֮
һ֦֮ϣκӵΪʥĺˣλ뻯
˵ĵ˵еһߣһ˻ƶֵͳʵħģǧǱߵôˣ
еһƿñȻħߣȻаҲԼţýħʥŶԡ
˾ͽϴҹǽչĺ˳ڣû뻯ǧ£ֱ׾٣赣ģħ˫Ŀһһ˵
ţٺò߳˵ͷƳ·Ⱥ֮УУֵӰ
Ĺ裬һԴΪأҪ֦ҪΪ˵˴£Σ㵣𣡡һϵƵӣһ˵
û𶾻ʡĹ裬Ȼ罭иţŻаеġʥĹ֮ԶţΪԭ򶾾Ԫ
ߣϷִ֪磬ҪңܺԼɣĹƳһۣϵӣӲĻص
аųϵʥ񶼵ʱˡа񡯳޼ǰȥɱҫɽ裬Ǳ¾ŴˣƣȬƺʵвСľ
Ĺ裬ֻǺѣҲʢ˰ɣߣһüĿʲЦ
ߣ԰ٵ⣬Ϸ񹦴ɣһԶҪ֪֪ϷĶѷɫ٣Ĺݺݵĵһۣ˵
ǺǣΪϴε¹ڻأĹˣ㲻УȶҲУɽְɣڱȥҲһûӮĿܣ԰һȻ֮ɫ°ͲûȥЦ
԰ͬλаʥְ֮ͷšʥ԰аʥְ֮⣬иݣŵ
԰ǴҲ簡Ĺŭˣ˫Ŀ΢΢ɱȻֱĶ԰ţ
˵һ˵һɣڵʺϳܵģһЦеԲĹ԰һһԴŤһԡ
ݣ΢ЦϿƺ겢˵ͦȨģֹ԰Ĺִȶ
аһʵΪҪ˵ϻиõְλǾͱҪоԵʵԶ׼ӣžԵʵĹ԰ͣӱ꣬аʥһְͷšʥ
˵öԣٲ죬Զǽгͽ䣡
һ񡢵ͳԵɤ˶Уһӣһ׳ǰһ׳һ񣬿ɼ׳аڱȻӸλЩʥҪߡ
ƽҪҪɱû˹ܣڼҪΪǵĹʧʧܵĻǸʱҶסǣ
ӿĹ԰һۣһ˫ĿֱֱĶǰո۳͵࣬е˪
νʥۣǰ˾аУʵʹľŴʥˣаһ񡢶ʹħСʥְλΡ
ʥʵǿǿĿֲÿһ뻯ϵľΪ׳ľΪѾż
ʥƽʱǵ£һã޼һԵȫ˹֤ǧµӣΪ޼б˭ǧ²ûб濴ȥô򵥡
ǧʲôһʮ֮һġ豦֡зŵһ󡮴󡯣зŵһһ
Ŀô׳ͷҲصĿʵ
ţ
׳һ꿪ڻصʱ˫ͫͲһתţ˫ĿĶǰࡣ


һһʮ ɲսҵ
գԭǧµʥ֮գʥ仹ûʼתۼΪǧµĴ֮գһжΪаĵ
ôǿʼɣʦ࣬ӦòֻǰźÿİɣһЦݣ
ģ֤ʧˣ΢΢һЦڵ
µһֻ̧̣Ӳӵľ֣պɲӰһƺһeַӡֱ׵ąeַӡ貵ϹĿąeַӡ
eַӡ˫˴֮ľ룬գ۲ʱѹɲӰüͷһ壬ǰӭѹąeַӡжǿ֪ӲĻԼȻˡ
һ̧־һȭɲӰͬһȭһŲڅdַӡСȭӡȻֱdַӡȥ
һȭȭжວˣܵĿռ䶼ȭѹһϸܵƣһȭľѾǿ󵽼Ҫռĵزίʵ
䣡
һ춯صŭ죬һɢϰĻˣѾƶڣΪѾ˴ɢˣɽڲͣĶΪǹྡྷضڲ⻹ֻ˫̽ԽֶѣѾ춯صľ󣬿֪սжôľˡ
ǴЦг˳֮⡣
ԭΪŵһж˲ãɴӸոյĽӴʵСԼԤƵҪϺܶ࣬вɵһ֮⡣
𣬿㻹ûִںδ΢Цҡͷ˵
ŵЦݣʶüͻȻеԼոճȭƣһɹԸУ̧һʱ˲ʧɫֻƲ˽ɫİƣЩƻвͣɢ˼ȥǹ졣
Ҷʲôü⣬һۣʵ
ӷҷȱҴˣΪǾһ֮ﰡȻҪȻҪϴһģҵ˼ô£
ƻ˵΢ЦͣиûǳţܹΪǧ£
ݺݵüȻƵĻûжϵĽɫòСģĬĬת߱ȫҲûʲô֮еãȻ
ܸоʲôԾĵطˣս˵а룬һ˲䣬Ѿһ˹ơ
ӰһѸײڶ֮Ƴھǰ漴̧־һƺɲӰһǿądַӡŷһ͵ĹΣͣʵ̺ľŷѵ֮ܡ
̧۹ƣ⺧˵һƣûܵĴ㣬һɲӰʱʵ֣ӰǱнֱһһ㣬Եޱȡ
ɲ񹦡ɲս
䣡
һضɽҡľ죬һصĺɲӰϣ˿ɢаûˣ˹ˣıȴ쳣ѿΪϳһɫӡ
ԭˣԭνľһͷ֮ǰ˵Щʲô˼ˡ
ʱϵĽɫϵĽɫӡоһ©ڵͣųȥȻŵٶȲ죬ܸоԼ𽥵ļ٣ֻҪ˹ŵٶȾԽ졣
üһһĽɫӡ˭֪ŭЦϴŸĪЦݣƿڵһ󣬽컹ǿ۽ˣʲôʹɣ
üԭΪʹûоʧ룬ҲҪΪӪŲֽȥ˭֪ûб⾻֮ŵսⲻȻ𹥻ʵе벻ͨ𵽵Ǻ⡣
ˣҲǺ⣬Ƚ˵ֻҪ󣬾Ŵʥ㲻Ϊǡ
һ䣬漴ֱ徣ȥҲͬʾĿ˫ߴʮɿӰݺݵײһ
ĺѵϵһǾʥԼϰ񾳶Ϊ֮һѪӿͣ
ʥߣΪ׵ˣǰսһɲüͷ΢΢Դһƫ⿴Ͳͫ׵꣬ڵĿûô
һ㣬͹ˣ˫Ͳ˫ͫڷתţһעǰս࣬ϱ˵
׳˵ͷҲߴ٣ôǰս֣ʱдĻȣʥڵɽͬҲ뵽ս֮С
κӵ巽Ŀ֣ԭĳˣһƬ֮Уʥ֮⧲֮£һ̶ȵĻҡ
ִֻûάֶãͱʮ˸סˣ⵹κӵССľһأԼͻȻϮԷȻ׼κӵȤ۾ֱĿҫ䣬¶һص΢Ц
ʵһĻҲ뵹ˣǰҫκӵʼնעŰҫҫҲͬעֻǰҫжκӵˣҪκӵ֮󣬲ܶЧء
κӵжðҫľѣһͬ巽ûһƲ磬šʮ󳬼֮һħűǳһ巽ܱκӵָӵĶôҲ˵Ƕаˡ
ҫһڣǰЦеκӵ˵аүаƴ󰡣
ǺǣЩ֪ͺˣûҪ˵Ļֻһֶѣ֪аƴʲô̶ȣͲзˣκӵ΢΢һЦڵ
ôǺǣͷϲԼϲ˶Ÿɣ˵ô찡ҫЦˣЦĺȻһֺаԽǿҪԽгɾ͸Уֻһ뷨֮꽫аؼĨȥ
аҫдôеģɱʦ֮ʼٸ߾а԰ҫ˵ܴǳĴʦűʦɱҫǷǱɵģаĳ𣬿˵ǲ졣
аͷɱҫôҲȻаǿذҫ츳ҫ츳аԾѣ֮ǿǿƷɵӰӣа˵һƷɾ͹ͷʹˣҪǲõĽֶһаͲֹͷʹѡ
ˣаȶ԰ҫչ׷ɱûһγɹģ֮ͱħʥһΣܾˣôҲǷǳˡ
ʱҫκӵΧûˣΪ˶ڶԸκӵߵĸ֣վһƽ̨֮ϣȲַһԶ겻ѣ޼ɵ
Ҫôԣ֪飬һɽׯûҲûˣûҪôڻɡаʣ˲ţܱãǶǼõģκӵֺǺǵ˵׳֦
Ǻǣǰɣκӵаɱ֮ôҫͷЦ·ʲôЦЦָκӵЦ
޾ôһ°ɣаܸõ츳ĳɾͣȻ֮°κӵҲգɴ͵΢Цڵ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵҪҼҲǲԣи
ʲô˵κӵЦʵ
ǳǳ򵥵ҿͷһ״˸߰ɣҪ㣬Ҿͼа
𰡣


һһʮ Уķ࣡
𰡣κӵ˫Ŀ΢΢͸˵ĺ⣬ֱĶŰҫš
κӵĿ¶׹⣬ҫÿɷһЦ漴һ±һ˵ƣ˵κӵ׵ĸ㣬Ҹаĳ𣬲죬Ļһգаᱻ𣡡
㲻ЦܺЦô뽫а𣬾ƾ㣬ҫ̫ˣȻôʶʱôҲ뿪ˣκӵͷЦңЦҫ֪ԼҫĲ
⻰Ķ䶼ˣһֱڣͬģһܻֽаһ̣ҫһ𣬻𾢷񱬷˵Ļ˴ӽŵ͸ֱκӵȥ
ңһģκӵЦһǰһ̤Ӵһ˲䣬һɺ˵ĺкȥת˲佫ǰĻ˾ֲ档
ƣƳˮ𣬶ǵĹȷǸ߼ˣҫľ񹦣գκӵأޱȣӦğo˪̫࣬ڼ֮
ֻκӵĺԵñȽر𣬺д̹Ƿ溮һּ˵֮뺮Գ壬ҫ˶ü⣬ڵ澭
Ӵ㻹еʶû澭񹦵ĿŶκӵ΢΢һЦڵ
Ǻǣ棬Ҫ˭ĹˣҵĹ߹㣬澭ҲδܵסҫɭһЦһֱ֮κӵ
ҫ˲䱬ٶȣֱ쵽Ӱգ֮ѵκӵǰȸ߸̧Բ˾һȾ絶Եƥ֮ǿ򲻿ƥ֮
ȡ޲ս޵У
ҫһƼѸͣȿ磬ֹȷѾΧĵѹٵѺۣκӵֻûһ˿ҵǸ߸߹ķеϡ
κӵһ̧ҫֻоǰһӰ漴֮ƱӲĸסˣ⵹ие죬ϸһԭκӵȱ죬һĸϣһ׾ٵĸƽȥ
Ӱȷ꼻һ֣
κӵһ̫죬쵽ҫûзӦҲѷɫҫ٣ȵĽס˰ҫ֮ƣɼȷ裬ҫҲ˿ѷɫ٣ٶϻҪʤ
Ǻǣ֪ʧѾõİȣ׿žȷû˰κӵһϷʵ΢Ц
ô
ҫޱĻһ䣬ɭ䣬˲ֻκӵ֮Ծʮ֮ߣһ˫ϥǽؿڣ漴ݺݺ˵Ⱦƿ죬һǰ֮ƣֱĺκӵͷ
ȡ׶ɽݣ
ҫһУٶȡȡƽ޿ޣըװƷ˲˵ע⣬׷ͶĿ⣬κӵԵôݲȣ·ûнҫһеһ¡
ˣκӵһЦһֱʣͬ˫֮ɽ֮Ī֮٣ֱҫȥ
ӰȷǿɱСգ
䣡
һըװ춯ɽ嶼ҡһ£ҫκӵ˴˵ľݺݺˣҫֱ죬κӵǺݺ׹أһжԺ䣬ƾ˵Ըӡ
κӵ׹֮³һת̼ѽҫľ׻⣬ֻǽѹһǳ۶ѡ
ڰҫųɹµһУҲֻǽƽ̨ѹһǳۣԶ׼ӹ˵κӵҫڲ֮䡣
ҫأʱκӵȾʮףֻһҾס֮ڵĴֻͬ˲㻯κӵİƼԺԲơ
һһ˫Ŀ絶ŶԷҫͣһϢ֮󣬿ʼֱ£˺һǱֱĳκӵ׹ȥֻ𾢱һݡ
ۼҫƾˣκӵͬʾ΢΢һЦ֮һ֮纣˰ɢƽ̨û֮ǿҫҲǲ·磬һֵıƴԽߡ
һΰҫûðȣʩչԼĿұ죬еʱǵصĵâ籩һк£ͺˣϢ𾢸ҵ֮ѹϢ

еͦκӵɭһЦҫȣ벻κӵҲͬУ־һֱϣƾдһ羢Ǳھ侪ˣһɫâƣƼѸ͡
ɽӞšˣ
ƽ̨֮Ӱâɣ֯һĶǵĻ棬˲ɢྡྷŵâɢķҫκӵļңɵίʵޱȣڳĸڶ࣬һЩſ̾ΪֹЩҲͬ¶һֲĿ⡣
ҫһκӵļͷԼҲصİκӵһƣٴηֿһߣĬĬ⣬Ҳ£Ķű˴˲ţе뷨ǳһ¡
ҫκӵԻΪƽһУ
ǰҫκӵĵһμ棬˫ӱ˴Ϊ޿ɺǵģΪ˵˽ſʵ˵ͬ£ƾеˣ벻Ϊ˴˵ľжѡ
ɾڰҫκӵ˴עӻûжãͻȻһǿҵĺÿһκ𶼻гһĿĹ
ڳˣϵϵȫĿ죬Ǿ֮ϣһɲӰһ࣬չҵĶս
䣡
ε˷ɢγһԲγ˷ȥѾ֪ǾƵĵڼӲˣ˫ɱۣһƣһһȭû·ÿһι춯֮ίʵ֪
¡һǿҵƷûǵĶĤ飬漴һɱ˵ѹȸдЩ˸еޱȣϵЩ񾳣뻯͵һյζ΢΢³ס
һ˸һаɲӰͬʱֻ˵Уʱľ˫֡šǽӲӵһƬڵƺˮһ㣬⼸ȱڲϵкֻ˫ü壬һҲ쳣ء
࿴ȥҲһˣӴϳһϸܵƣȥˣҲдʣ౳豦ֽһϵת˲ʧ٣һлָ
Ŀ
δߴٵǾͷҲصĿڣͲ˫ͫ꣬͵һ˫Ŀһߣھģ͸һӣϵĽȻʼ𽥵Сۿɼٶȣʧˡ
ʲôʧе˫Ŀ򶼿ɳˣʶ󡯵ľ֮ǲģǲɻģǿƷɵԴʱɱŪýͷö
ֵĻǣ⾻֮ˣӻǱʥ֮һһˣһëȻĸо
ƵĴ㵣һ΢΢ͷڵסô
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ͵Ŀ⿴һۣ漴Ťͷƣ¶һѪ΢Ц湻ˣ֮ڣ㷨࣡
˵겻ƻ񣬾ɲӰ͵һǰ̧־һȭɲӰǾ޴ȭݺݵĺϡ
һȭʵڣǰ˸Դǰ飬ܵĿռ͵һ𣬳һ壬ڵʮɮ˰ڣһѪһĿ
㣬㣬ôܡһĲ
ûʲôܵģãϧ̫˰


һһʮ ǧ֮ѣԣ
ô۾漴̾ϢһгһУоǧµһΣڽˡ
εٺãôܹӹҵķۣһȫ󹥷ۿۣһЦں֮һ䣬ɯӰƵºڷļϡ
һƵĿǾ춯أ񺿣Ƶ֮ܵĿռ𶯲ͣ·һӾҪױһ㣬ίʵޱȣһƵ師һ㽫ұۣ˸顣
ɲľ
ڵɮٴһѪƶѪһЦĿǰ漴һҧ˫Ŀһ౳豦˲һ⣬Ķϱۣʼ𽥵ĸԭš
ڶΪۣȴо綾״̬㣬Ϊۿۣһٽʮһ
һȣƵջأ˫ֳצǰһ̽ɲӰͬ˫צץס˫磬漴ݺݵһ˺˵צԭָһұٴ˺ֽõҲ˺ѳ˷飬צֿ絶նʮ֮⡣
ɲľ𣡡
ѾѪˣʮ󷨵ɮˣΪǳɮˣ˫Ŀ׻˹ȥһֱĵֱ࣬档
ʣɮҲܲǣֻ֧ܿ󷨣ʱѾ൱ң˫飬ϸܵƣԵüήҡ
۴ɫҰף˫ĿѪҧĲûƴȫ߶豦޸塣
һҲûֻǽеӻѣƿɲҪԼɮ
һ䣬̧һָɲӰҲͬһָһָǵգǰĿռѣ¶ڵĿռв㣬ռĿ죬޲Ҳ죬γɺ˲Ƶ״ѵĿռ޲ϣѵĿռգۼɢϣŷҲͬѡ
ɲľǹᣡ
ˣӦ˵ǡ󡯱ˣűķ࣬͵һѪ鼫ήңǴۣ౻֮ܵ˺Ȼġ
ɾΣһ̣вʵƣӡ豦˲𣬽ʣɮڸȫ͵˵ϣԼ**ǿסѵĿռ䡣
аǧ£
֮˫ָ̤գ˫۸·˵ǸվλľŴʥµϰ񾳼嵥ϥ¹ǣʱ˿̣аһʱ춯ء
ҫ̾һһȺɷƴаǣ̾һǴȥǧǧűɲҪһˡ
ҫı⣬ΪʱδǰκӵЦе˵
ҫƳκӵһۣҡҡͷҪҲ˷ѿˣаҲмΪ飬ԶǵжԹϵ
Ҳû취ɱκӵ̾Ϣһָ߸̧˳ƶ䣬еϰͬʱһֱµһ˲䣬ֱ£ɽϵɱ
ҫһضˣôҲûиǸʸΪУûʸаΪУκӵ΢΢һЦһտ󵶵׳£뿪ˣĻȴ˰ҫĶߡ
ҫȥûôĿκӵȥ֪ԼˣκӵߵλɵвֻʱİҫȴǸ߸¶һЦݡ
еϰļ죬λδǺԼƣԭʥɽ˵ϰ񾳵ԵúСµĹȴƬɽ塣
ʱκӵˣ巽Ҳ˿һԣó꼰㣬ϰ񾳵ȫ渲գۼȥǧ˵ֳʬأʬҰòѪȡ
ҫ˻ܼ֮޲ߣǵľΪûܴﵽһԵó͸ᷴ
ʮҲָϣаϰ񾳷֮Щ񾳴ԼҫˣֱӴܣ˸ɸɾ
ҫ˿ҲϰΪּյһ̣Ե˽ǻıֳо仰ô˵ģ˲Ϊ𣬶Щ֮ǰԴҪҫ˹˵ĴŴǣǳչ¶Լʵһ档
ȻԴʱ˵г񾳵ڻҪ˵ȻգҲǲܣЩûгڻĹǣ˲ˣϾϰ񾳵£һûдﵽΪˣֿ۵ġ
ڴʱԭͻʮǧµĳ뻯ǳˣĴΪҫˣԼЩûü˵Ĺֵͣ˽ųɵĹΧɼʹʣһֳ˲ء
ʮǧµĸɮֶ֧ã֮ǰƣѾˣҪڻҫ˳ҲԵеġ
Ͼаڳϵƣǵ࣬һֺɮ˵ֵסֱӺҲ̶á
ʱаڸǵص£ֳûüߵѾʮһԭˣӳȥҲǧ˶ѣ⻹ǧµλɮػµĽ
ڰҫˣѾȫɢԼĵص㣬Ϊ㣬Բͬķгˣҫһӣǧӳɽ壬˵ϡ
ҫһմɽ߳ǶеľȻƣʱϥɫң¶ƤϾ͹ɫ磬˿ȥˡ
ҫֻһ۾֪жı֣ϧߣҲ֮һֻĿţȴʩ
ƴʦ㻹ðɣҫеʵ
ҡҡͷЦ治µһĳƺţ԰ı涾ǽⲻˣ
ҫһۣ̾ϢһԼ˽٣ʹ֪ôȥ⣬ҲûǸʵ
ӷ𣡰ʩľͺˣ˷ǧ´ǣ˰ʩ˵ϣģ˵Ǹˣ
ʦǧҪô˵³ͻȻҲֲκ˵ģ֪ʦɻн֮ҫ΢΢һ̾ڵ
ҡͷ̾ڵŵһ󶼱ˣкν֮˽ǧǹȥˣΨһľΪʩΪЩ޹ĹȡʱѣĻԾ˵ʵӲǵĵģ
ƻһ䣬漴Ŀ˰ҫһۣڵʩһ֪֮ǹˣи֮룬ʩܹӦ
ʦ뽲ֻҪҫܼƴǣҫȭһɫ
ʲô£ֻðʩպ߽ʱǧµĲɮˣʩԮһѣָǶɽܹúõĻȥڽһϯ֮Ҳ͹ˣ˵ˣҫܴп־漴̾ϢһͷӦ
ŰҫͷӦҲ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ漴̧ͷɽ嶥ˣﻹнʣʮǧµĸɮǣаĸǶսһŷȻ⣬һһʧڰҫǰ
ʩǧһܷ񴫳ȥʩģģڴлˣһ仰ʧҫһ̧ۣ֮ͷʩһ񣬲ٶ˵ʲôŲԶַɴܶȥ


һһʮ Աݵضӣ
ɽ֮ϣսǧ¸ɮǣֻʣʮһλɮѾаĸ֣Ҳֳ˰ʮǰȥ׷ɱЩߵĹǣŴʥ뾣δ뿪ôɮڵƴֿڿϷһɵȻ֮ɫ
ͻȻ֮һŷƵӰֵԼŴʥǰƵĳ֣ƺھ֮Уû̫ľ֮ɫ
ŷȥʣǧ¸ɮҲǳһæϣʱǧ³ϵĸ֣ˣֻʮһ˶ѣˣսǿ֮ĩ
ƿһɮڣֿ˿ԶϻɽԺ漴ص̾ϢһĿ𣬵˵ǴãŹʦֵǰɣ
һЦ˳ƳЦưƣ׵ĸɣգҪǧ£ɮ˵ӣҲҪϾɱǧµеˣаһŹ
֮˵ıѾѪ·޶˲֮󣬾ȻŭЦЦݺᣬ͸¶һɱ֮⡣
ǧǧվȻڶħֵУɱ̾аǧ£ҲùʹҲҪ⣡ָһݣ˫ĿѪҧгݵ
Ǻǣưƣ㻹ʲôʱ˵ĻƾʲôҵⰡЦ
ָƿЦƵԲΪǣʱҲֻװǻΪԼĻһưˣˣƲװǻƣΪ鲻Ϊȫ뾣ͬھ뷨
λʦܣǧѵһ̣ɼʹҲҪȺħ˾ϹǣλʦΣͷҲصȵ
Ըʦֹˣǧ¹ʮһǧµɮǺۣҧȣһɱ־ϯķ˿˶ֱüĬĬ׼ӭǧķˡ
ãʦ󣡡
쳹ʮһɮͬʱӡ貣λм䣬תת˲һɶߣС֣治֮ǰҲͬҡ
ߣϵس⣬ִŻĿ࿴Цһҡҡͷڻص
Ƽֱֵز˻ڸŷ翹ˮǰкΪ
ʱҲ᲻ֵȤľʥ˰֣ʥ΢΢ͷ׳Ĵ£ݺݵĳȥ
ܺãǺǣվͰǾʥ£ǧᡣʥ𣬷⾻𣡡
һȣ漴±һ貵Ľ⣬ʮһɮͬҲǽҫ۳̶ȼҪ򣬰Žıɮ˰ڣ¶Ƥϳһ㼫ͼƣ֮͸һֻ֮⡣
ˣƣ˲ɣԶľ𿴵һĻ͵һת£ͬʱʩչɲӰ̼佫ǰľʥ
ʥͻһĻˣ֪ʲôǰҪѹ㣬Ȼ󳹵ױҫ۵ĽԱǰףʮһɮҲͬˣȫҪͬھ˼
ʮһϵʵԱǵжֲټһͨҲԱĻ¾ʥ¼ǾھɲӰסԼԺҲͬʱʮɹȥֵԱ֮
аҪ豦ôھ͸㣡
ٴһЦ䣬豦ַɵǰתֱԵҲͬʱ⣬һѺۡ
ˣˣҪԱͺ¿湻ݣ
һ֮ɫĺţҲˣƴʮһԱѾ㹻ˣ豦ҲҪһͬԱôʹҲΣˡ
֮ȥǰƴһɱаʥش㣬ֵˣȥɣ
¡
ڲɽڲɽŷԲ˵ɽ嶼ڲǵأŭпɢܣһɿֲĻ籩ըĵɽ׵Ĩ˸ɾʮɽ嶼֮ɽ塣
Ƽʮһ񾳣ټһԱֲֻ֮÷˼񾪹ݣҲ˸Ĵۡ
籩ȥֻ֮ʣʮӰĴڣʮڵӰһӵʱ䣬ʮӰ־ŵֱ׹棬Ψһɴ֮ϡ
ھŵӰµһ˲䣬ܳһƬƷʮ˳׹ľ˽ס漴̧ͷǵͣӰ
ɱɱǧµɮˣҷɱɮˣȫ
仰ǾＷģʱ㣬Ҫ˶ɣЩ¸ŵúëֱ׷׵ͷɿնȥ
һԱǱĸɴ䣬ʹֵ˽ųɵʣһɽŴʥĴˡ
ҲͬᣬµûѷըԭʮþȵжʧﵽֵزĸǾ޷ܵġ
ʧҲ򡮲а񡯳޼ǻŭҪһйڣǾǧ½ɮϡ
֮⣬֮Ⱑû뵽Щ޷֮˷ôˣԼԱҲˣһԵıˣǿɾ̾
аĴУκӵһ΢ЦĿǰǧ˳ӿɽǷʥǧ걦ɲûɴʱ˿̿ʼⷽزзʥصĴڣǧĸֳ׵ɢˡ
ˣ֮ǰߵЩŸɵĹأΣκӵŤͷߵһˡ
ҲʺϱϹϾ΢΢ڵүɹǱӵܹǧˣǧˣȫֻʣһǧˣǣǡ
˵˵ȥˣΪһǳֵ£κӵһۣڵħ壬µģֱ˵ɣôˣ
ʧˣ˵ص
ʧˣ
κӵ΢΢һ㶣ͷ˼ʧ֣һκӵ̧ͷ˫Ŀ΢΢ѾǵĴΧһˮйͨг񾳵ĸмӣ߲ͨȻϵ϶߲ͨôֻһ·ߣǾǵ¡
κӵǸ߸𣬻һ䣬һָ죬һ¸æǰϥأκӵԸȥԲڵһ˳ԵȫλڵҲǸڳ
͵ıȭͷǣ˻ش֮Уκӵͷ죬ЦҫļƲ߲Ӳҵָɽ
ûⲻɵǧˣκӵԤϣȫݵǱУʵ˵Ҫͨص׵ʯ㣬ֻҪʥ۷Ϊ㹻ˣȻǰеٶȲ죬ܶҲΨһ֮·ˡ
˵ģûҪҪˣвǰһĲֵЩνɣȻҲľ򣬷򵱳ҲӦôʹ찵һüˡ
ǵùǧˣֻ˵ʱ˲ãҪݵʱͱ˷ˣȻһ٣ΨһԤϵǣκӵŪˣƲ߲ǰҫģ
Ϊκӵ̫עذҫӶߵֵܵĴڣպһ


һһʮ ͣĴң
аĴѵأ֯һκӵһ£Ĵֳ֮ʶʼܵϸĿ졣
ûжҲûҼҸУе뻮һĽŲˮɱ֮
Ҫǣûһ˵Ϊǵʥģÿ˶һ׵ʵаȻѵˮƽĴʵš
а԰Ϊһ֧СӣζԷԲڵһне̺ʽ죬ûŹκһطÿ̤һὫдص׽𵴡
صʯ˴򴩣ôһ̶ȵ£Ȼݣôа˾ܽЩͨݵǱӵĸŸɲ׽
ҲκӵļƲ֮һɼı֮ߣͷ֮ڰҫ֮¡Ʋ߻ץˣʮССɽӽ߰˶˱䲶׽һ
ԭǧ˵һʢ£Ϊǧµһʥ䣬аⷢѣǰԼȴ֣֮ѳĲ֮ųɾŵˣȫͬǧɥȪ
ʱһκӵߣĿڵүԲȫϣɱһʮˣ׽ʮˣүᣡ
κӵ˵ͷڰ˵ˣȥֹͣӵ˺ӲֻһȺССϺѣɲ򣬶ˣзְҫ˵Ӱô
үδְҫӰ»ص
κӵ΢΢ü漴ȻһЦȤҫҫˣ´Σûôˣȥ׽Щȫɱˣһʣ
ǣ¹뿪
ͻȻһӰֵκӵǰκӵһ㶣漴ϥ¹򣬶аԼߵĻˢˢĵϥ¹ȵӭɲа£
κӵǰһƣľ𣬾ǰ⸱е֮ɫȻΪ֮һɫþ˰֣ţƽ
˿κӵĵ˵ͷڵӵļƲ߲ǵõһӣȥ֮Ӧһ󹦣
κӵȻһЦ΢΢Ƿڵ⻹Ҫ쵼зӵ̰
εһƨĵľƮƮȻжκӵĺøҲ˲٣κӵЦӵùǫĹ;ģʶвܵˣպɲҪһİ
֪֮ӵǣκӵʩһ񿪿ڻص
аʵȫǳ޼ӣмӣм״ӣֻһǳ޼ӣκӵ֮һǳ޼ġ
ţãˣ֮ǰߵˣץô˵ͷڵ
κӵڻصֻʣٶѣѾ𣡡
һȻ֮ɫڵ˾˰ɣһȺں֮ڣʲôˣаļƻѳչҲΪǣˣǸҫأ
κӵ΢ЦҡͷڵԲ֪٣
ŶȻˣôģü⣬ɫƵʵԼһν޵˵ҫӦ֮Ŷԣߣеˡ
Ƕݵضӣѱ٣ҵһƣðҫǣκӵ˫Ŀת¶һɭѪЦݣڵ
Ŷ˵΢΢һ㶣΢Ц
ţҫĴҵϬһǽֵܣĴҲǵļƻ֮УֻҪǰѽĴҵϢųȥҫȻͶʹҲ˳µĴңΣκӵǸ߸߹ɭȻаЦ
ãͣһ˫ƣͰ˼ȥҪʲô֣㾡ܿڣķԸ֮ѾԸˣҪϽôҪδ֮ʣӦ֪ôġһ䣬漴ĵ˵
κӵ˵ͷ˫Ŀ⣬һ˷ܵĿ⣬ͬʱѪɱ⣬ҫȻΪеľУֻҪĵˣкõ³
ʱɽҵһϷǳͻأĲ漴һ죬µͱ͵ıѿʯɽ֮ʱӰʹڶǰҫ
ҫͱ֮󣬷Լգüͷ΢΢һ壬һ§ڻУ𾢱ֱ棬֮£˻ء
֮󣬰ҫͷһɽķ֮ǰǳޱû˻ڵصףڶ˹ӲĴһͨһֱͨ¡
ǧ걦ɲһúݵаҫջĿ̾ϢԳơ
ҫ磬аǾ˰ȻָӵĶĳǵͼıֹǧôأüڵ
ҫ˵ͷصûǵֹڴˣҲùô࣬ˮڣ˻ϣ㡣
΢΢㣬ȻһЦסҫǿƣҫҲǳһЦԴǰȥҲǽߣ
ǧµָ֮زסֻһʱԴ⵱Ҳߵٶɿ𣬵֪ǧ걦ɲʥرа֮󣬽еԼɽǵһ
ƽﲻɽ¶ˮаȻ㺧˵ʵ˴㵲ѣͬΪ֮һǧ˵ˣʲôǷаʵѾ볬֮ϣһֻղˡ
һЩĴɵţҲͬᵽһЩͬѰζδĲãһϯķ籩Ҫ˳ƶ𣬶ɷ籩ʼٸߣҲֻаˡ
ǧµĻеĴСΣͬʱҲһЩŴɷ޷޲ƽҪаָ˵˵ȴֲˡ
Ϊû֪аפûһаľݵڣȥ˵֪һЩŴ޲һɺӽŵװֱţеǷΪδֲ֪аʵ⡣
Ȼڽļ֪δаĴս𣬴ӶĸλͬʱѣֻƽʮСһ
ҴаĶƺǱŽĴҵΧȥĴҽаһĿ꣬аħצѾʼĴȥ
ʡǣ¥
ҫˮ°ͣǰϵļ᲻˿ҪԵȤʱüͷ壬ƺʲô֮УǰҶġ١°ָҲǳĬɫ
ϢѾȷˣаһĿǽĴңϬһ塢կɽկǵǡĺ챤Ѿ᧿Σò˶ãͻᱻа׸𡣡ճƣ̾ϢһƳĬڵ
һ䣬˽߼ڰҫϣҫҵĹϵǶ֪ǽֵܣڽĴʵǿȻҲаҪĿꡣ
ô˾͵ȰҫһˣȻǲȣʵҲûвһ˵԰ҫԸԼĹϵǾԻȵģҪôȥȡ
ֻһңڲˣҲе˵ȥԼһֻаˣȥƺеİ
ϴ󣬰£ֵܶģô˵ôˣͷƵģڵġҶ̲סˣ޽ɵ˵ĻҲõ˵ͬ׷׵ͷֹ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ɨһˣǰһ԰ҫհģҫһů΢Цôǳ극̣Ĵң
һ䣬ҫſԺҲΪ֮һ㶣ĵЦˣͬʱҲŰҫԴ
ҫϳԵûȴǰһлˣֵǣ


һһʮ ·뽭ʵ
󣬰ҫ˲죬ĶƤһãһҸ֮ɫҫԱˣǰ˶ŵˣĮ˪Ĺ٣֮ɫ
ҫĶƤҪʳ˶ʼɰҫθǲģֱǸ޵׶ôװװ޵׶
Ϊʲô㵣Ϊʲô뷨Ϊҫһ˳ľƲˣûһʣ£ȫɨ⣬ϴĻҪʳҲѹ˻ᾪѵˡ
ǸÿңҲûԶѽ߷ֱҫǰͶ㵵Ŀ⣬һεš
һ˽Ե
ҫȻҪȥĴңôǸ£ֱ⣬ʵ
ҫ˵ͷǶ˿һأ漴ڵֻҵģǳֻһңڲˣȥҲҲÿԣһ㡣
ʲô㣿Ҷͷһʵ
ձĴңҫǸ߸߹𣬿ڵ
һڳ˼üΨһü漴չһЦͣƲҫƺ˰ҫ뷨
˰ҫǱں壬ΪϬıڰҫ֮£׺˸͸˿ɲװҫ«ﵽʲôҩһãȻ֮ɫ
ձĴңǲȥĴҵôʵ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˵ʴһ⣬ǾаʵΣ
üаʵ˵ôǧµľŹȥã˵УаʵֻĸݣǾ񾪹塣
ǵײ֣ʥֱֻǧݣ˿ڽǧʱаĴ֮УͨСʥΪңһ˵ˡ
ȻǸ߲֣ϰߵĴڣ޻޼ٵģûеײĴڣ񾳾ԺɨˣӶԿаĸʵ̾Ϊֹ
Ƕ֣жǿŵһ󶼸ˣͨ쳹ΪľŴʥ뻯Ĵߣ˶һ˵ı죬һĴڡ
ܽаƴ󣬴Ϣӣƥ֮Ҳͬڴʱİ֮ڣҫֵǽǳüչ
ҲûشңǵӾ֪ɷϣаǺǿǿĿֲǿĺˣǣϣҲҪа˵޾ԣаҲ޵еģƽص۷壬ҲȻǾģôаƾʲôܡ
ҫ˫ĿˣޱȣһɰȻȾǰˣ˱ҫȻ¶ͬһŻ˲еֲĻ
ûаҲ޵֮Ƶģոһ긴һĳŻнյ޵֮ƣôаһ㣬Ⱥƾʲô
˾ҪһĿŻӵķܷӵŬȥԽĿ꣬аǰҫ˵Ŀ꣬Űҫһ仰еǹ֮𣬲֮𣬱׵ȼˡ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˲ٵӵмο˵ʵڵģҲ£µĲаԼֵǱаƸŵĵûˣΪҪû˵Է书ȥƽˣɾͱȻޡ
һ仰ѣеĶ־ȼҲаһ¶ظص
ˣл⣬һ´ңаʵҪĴңʹǽУĴҾܸôҫ΢ЦĿڵ
ܣǿǧĳסаĹƣֻǶĴңһʱ䶼ȥʹǼҲû취ֵֻҪԷһ񾳣ԽͬĴһͬ𡣡ҡҡͷڵĻһѪҲֱӡ
ҫ˸ָڵûʵסǣǲӲƴֻ취סĴҵǴ֮飬ȻγԼ
һ䣬˵ɴ˫Ŀһľ㵾þòܻҶһĭڵԼҫ뿪ɣ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Ц뷨ֻ뷨ֻǳζѣ෽㹻Ҫһһ̵棬ǶᣬеĲʱ𣿡
㿴ҿ㣬ǻһЦ°ڵҫ뷨ܺãаƴ󣬸ƣֻǰ˸ҪӦȻǳޱȣԼֻҪչĺãôҪԿʤҲϺܶġ
һԵҲ˵ͷڵаĹģԼʵ˵ʵǴﵽǰĳ̶ȣӵԿɱĻ齨һĽݾ޳ɡ
˵޳£ҲǷ׷ױԼ޳ɣҫ΢Цͷ΢ЦҧһһڵĳԣҪһһֻǸ뷨ҪֵܶġȥĴңҸȥң°ȥɽկҶȥǣָȥ챤·ͬ£ҾΡ
ϴ˵Ҷİ˰֣ЦҲͬ˵ͷ԰ҫķû飬ҫ΢Цͷ˵ʱȣھͶʱҸСģĴҵĲвȫںŹɽһϡ
˵˵ͷҫȷĿ֮Ҳûãһ飬Ĵҵķȥ԰ҫ˵ʵʹȫ·ҲҪʱ䣬ǽĴجΰ졣
ֻ죬аĴ;ɨĴеھݵ㣬һǱٳ£ܶ˶аΪʲôҪô
νĴֻĸѣĴǿҲŴﵽڵΪаȣֱǴǰֻϣȫ˿ваƫƫͰìͷָǣʵ˷ѽ⡣
ʵǳʵǣѩ̿ûôˣ²ؼ߸߹𣬶ĴҵΣ֣󲿷ֵɺҲֻǿֶѣҪ˵ûУҲĴҵľԽ᧿ΣֻùԮݡ
Ϭϼ帮ۡλǰҵʮ߲㣬ͬʱҲʵǿʮˡ
üչĿǰˣ˵ҲȫһϣаǰұϴΧμֱС׼ף޷Ტۡ
аǧʥڣʮڣԼڽϪΧ˸ˮйͨڣҷų
ʱǰͶɱڣţȮʱаʱʱ䡣
ǡҵһϣεĿһ
ʲôͶȻΪаĸӹȻΪǱµһС䣬ҿ治ܶҵڡݺݵĵһϳ
粻ҪŭԷɸ봫ŸƽҽõɣӦûԮֵ֮ġһԵܰ΢Ц
֮ҲЦֻЦǿЦڳӢҲͬЦͣܰѽȣʵΪļ产ˣѴ֮⣬ǿ
ǿҲɱȲǰЩϽǣڳ˰ڣжǳνԮ֣֮ڡ
ʵǳֱӣƵʱе˰ͽ㣬ʧƵʱЩ˲侮ʯѾܹ˼ˣҪõ˵Ԯǲܵ顣
ͷ̾Ϣһ˫Ŀݶãʱһˣܸϵ˵һֻ̫ãˡ
ʱǽս̻ң


һٶʮ ʹ벻ò
һȣ⴫ڳ˽üͷһ壬һϳŭȵ󵨣ɣ
ϻһ䣬һη֣˺ֱ֮⣬Ŀ죬صĸ죬ճһӱѪɶأؿϸǳһĿĵȭӡ
һü⣬Ҫû뵽ߵܰ죬һٶȼ죬ת˲ѽϽ¡
ȭаޱȣаелܰޱа³ϵͬʱԷڣϢơ
ɵĳϸеһɾӱԼڣͷһܰ̾Ϣһлڵϣʼ˹ˡ
лΪа֮һҳϣ᲻̫ˣܰ̽üۣƳһ⣬˵һӢ֮Ȼ¶οѡ
ߣΣ㲻ʶʱ񣬻ҶԱʹԲѷѵһ£ҺΣ
һƵĺڳ˽ŭɫʹֵʱ˽ǿ̾ͣ˵Ҳ֪аеʲôˣʹǵĶơ
ܰ壬аһгֵļ󣬿һԵȴǳ΢΢ҡͷʾȲҪ֣˵ܰҲһ²ֻһ˫ĿתֱĶſڴ
ûãлͷ𹬹ʸţҲԭɽ˰߽ڣֺģֺŭȴֲҳ֡
֪֮˽ڵΪԼҲûȤڳҲֻܰö˷ƥУǽĿ⿴ˡ
лҡڵ߽ҵĵطʴʾͲ˵ˣҵˣҲ̫˵ɣıķ·ҪγѪ˫Ŀ絶Ķл
лҲ׺ݵĿ⣬ֱЦǺǣΣʹзıǮҪֻܹҵˣ̫֪ǳѧղܣԼԹ˭ҪǿۣԳ԰
ʰ㣬ü֣С㹻ʰ࣡ܰĶϺһƢ͸ҹˣǾл䳰ȷƢһסֻܿЦ¡
ֻܰ䣬͵ĳʣһҫ۵İ׹һһâǵصˮкأ޿ײ룬âûΪӣͣɱл
Ƚ֮һɫ壡
ߣ
лһƳһۺٲкӽâȭһӣȭ쫷ϯһɼɭжһɨ֮£ǰâѣܰĽ˲䱻ƣɾ
лһȭľѣһͬʱֵĵĿܰһԵǵûеǣ¶һֳĵЦݣܰʵ֪Դʱܰʵ֮ǿԲԼ֮£лԴҪۡ
ܰأۿԼĽƱлҲţδһת̵Ľ滮һĿİ׹⽣漴ӰӰʮʵʵĽâƿնֿͣл¡
Ƚʮ¥ոգ
ãвֵñʹ֡
лһ䣬ұ˲ޱȣǹа֮֮ǿǿʮֱֹϸ˸һɫͼƣһȭֱܰȭӡڵаʮâһײ·ѩһ𣬷׷ڻ㣬ȭӡȥƲֱܰȥ
ʽСϢ
ȥлһȭֻΪʵлʹұ죬жܰĽҲ𾪲ѣԼǿۣôһò绨ŮӣȻõ̶ֳȣҲòȫΪ﷭
ȫµлжǿܰ޷ƥеģۼԼĽâԷȭӡܰһҧʮɹݺݵĴ̳һа̱һİֱ̽ȭӡ
ײ֮£ܰĽȻɭɭȭӡǱڵྡྷȴͳܰĽϣܰͷһ˲䱻ɨɣײһԵ
ʱסˣһֵܰߣٿһһҷܰס漴˳صߣ֮ܰסơ
СãΣһеʵ
ܰ΢΢һЦҡҡͷȻ˵Ĳء
˵ͷ漴Ŀ¶׹⿴ǰлǸҧгݵģֱҪл̻һһٵ˵л̫浱аɡ
ʱҵȫ˫ĿĿл֪Լ򲻹лˣҲ֪Լļڽˣеڻڡ
лܰھǳһĶ⣬ҵ˴ʱνȺ鼤ߣе뷨һ£ǾҲԸ衣
лɨһۣ漴ЦЦг벻млǺЦָڵǿ֮ĩûʸ˵Ļʹ۸ˣʱаƴôһ䣬ǽս̴ҡ
ߣлƨаͲҽĻᣬҲˣ˵ûɣ˫Ŀ΢΢кתݺݵĶл
Ŷֻһçû뵽еͷԣ˵ûҵаȫǿпޣνȰҲֻ˿ģҪŵİлߵĻʸǹһѪЦݣ˵
ããܺãȻˣҲûʲô˵ˣΪ鲻ΪȫаȻҪң¾͸ƴƣ˭ã
ŭĿԲһ·ըףޱȣ±һɺ˵ҷȻҪлƴˣܵʮҸҲͬųԼȻȲҲͬС
ƾ㣬ƾȺһڵļһҲаƴƣҲ·ͷĴ˾ܺɨңлָ˿ЦߵĻʸɽҲͬЦЦҵĲ
ܺãǳã軹뿴֣ôţôɨң
ķǳͻأҲ֪Ӻδǳĳڳ˵Ķߣ˶ˣˣܰƬ̣漴һϲûЦ
лҲˣк棬ȥǳĶ죬ƵģͻȻǳԺ֮ˣŵһֱţ˻
䣡
ոʧãлͷϵһҾƵӰֱ˶ȥ
֣֣ãҪǻ߳ȥ費հף
ǰҫҲǸոյִлĻİûѰҫķըԼĽ类лѹͨϢжܰҲˣлĴʴʣǰĲУǶ˵ֱ
л̧ͷһǻ궼ûһ룬ǰҫҫҲ˵ľ㵣ŭɫֻɱǰˣɱ֮ǰҲҪǳԵͷ
ҹ£
˵ʱʱ죬ҫֱ䣬һȼգٶ죬ͣĿлѸײڶ֮˫صĲл˫֮ϡ
лʧɫ˫ĿɵùԲҫԼ˫ʱֻоԼһɽϴľ˫ϥ͵¡лķӦҲæʮɹȥֿڰҫǿѹ֮£лǵֱ˫ϥ䡣
ŶˣҰҫҪлá򣡡
һ䣬ҫ͵ļлҲסҫľһ죬˫ϥصĹڵ棬ܲסѺۣлǰܰҫôѹڶǰ


һٶʮһ ΪȣԵİҫ
ҫ
ͬòͬҫ֣ܰǾϲʸɽǾҫѹлһЦĿڵСˣϣ粻Ҫְ
ˬһЦڻصСӣҲһͰķͷˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ҫһɵЦͷģˬֱԴְ޽ɣΪûʲôҲΪһ㣬ҫŻύ
ǻ졤ҫоˣоѽ
ǰҫǽֵܣ˷ǰһ֮ģǻѼ鰡
ߣаҫڴˣҿа˻ôš
عˣ޲ϲ˵Ӱҫͷڽν죬Ϊｭ֮У貵ǣĻƽһٵǰʮĸΡ
һϲҳҫĵϼһǿ룬ͬҲл˽һˮ˶һۣ΢΢ͷͬʱһֱҫȥҪл¡
ҫƲһۣЦ
ʸֱҫҲ๥ƺ׺䣬һɴ̱ǵĻζļдһɱѵ׻֮Ʒұˣ·Ҫҫը飬׺
ŭ죡
ɽŰҫ๥ĹƱʸŻҪˣ֮оΪǿᣬΪҪһȣͬƹ֮׻֮ȴȻʸǿʮֹƺɨֱȡҫ
ơһף
Ҽйң˾ѣܰһĳݣҪԮʱȴ̧ס
ܰнһĿ߳΢΢һЦڵİɣСѽȣֻȡѡ
ŵЦݣܰҲֻ̾ϢһĵĿŰҫڴʱ˵ĹѾƽҫǰ
ҫǸ߸߹תαֱһ˳Ʊȵɽ˴ʧɫаҫĹȻֲ˹еľֱӱϡ
ҫЦͣҲǻĻᣬ˫˳ƺ˵ԣƾɽһͲɵϯ˵׻֮𣬸˺ݺݺɡ
ơػԭ
飡飡
ʸɽصϣıҳϴİۣ֮󣬸վ壬ڷ纣Ѫ˫һϥأѪ㵵̧ͷҫ
⣬ôܣһʱ䣬СһΪСӴ̥￪ʼҲﲻ̶ֳȰôܣʸʧǵĿһɽ˵һӵΪԼûҫʮͷˣＫȵĲƽ⣬ͬʱһֻֿŸС
ӣ̫ˣϴֻʤңȻֻһоܰҰ£ү˵ûӷǳɡɽĿŰҫص
үأС̫ǿˣʹֶδܵУƣǷزˣټϵЩ£Ʋֹ۰ʸŽ˵ʵڵĵޱȡ
ҫѾ֪ǵɽׯĴͷˣҪ˶һ
ҫľн֪ţһɱˣ˼˶٣޺˹ĿʣʵҲǸĺ
ǾӰɣүϴһ߸ֻҪǵˣҫΪ壡ɽ˫Ŀ΢΢׹¶иЦͣ˵ϴа֮ףڵ
ôĵҫҲǣͷһлֶԷԼոհʩӵľˣƲƲţΪ˺ܶأԭôϣ
ҫĻܵͣڳ˶Ǿ֣ȻǼǿҫĻкޱȣлʵжǿ
ڵΪڳҲֻƥУɰҫûгֻ֣ǿѹǰΣɼʵ֮ǿ»Ҫ֮ϣӹɵġ
ʲôнȣҫʵдգʱһ룬Ǹƴȫ˲лֺİҫѾڣлҫĲ֮𣬰ҫ׾ٵľܽŪڹ֮Уҫûплˡ
ҫΧ˾ϲ־Ŀ⣬ЦĿܰڵ磬Сãѽ
׺ݵĿŰҫСȰץסҫԴŤתںСӣҲ磬һͰķͷˣôԺôڽϻ죬Ϊʵǿˣͷ˾˲ˣ
ҫŲӣŤԼͷεţⲻżֲǹģҲ̫ˣ
ҫԹůĺܣһɣùĶǣöթ˵ʲô˵ʲôֱڣҫгޱȡ
磬ˣкö˿أܰЦ˳½ǣ΢΢һ㶣ſҫһҫҲɵЦͷ漴תܰ
Сã²Ϊѽҫܰ΢Ц˵
ܰҡͷЦԼʵһȷͻͽǸҫƺеС׼ˣԼлвɰҫɵľͽԷŪ˹ȥֻһоͰѻʸɽˣֽٶ̾Ϊֹ
׶磬Ǹɩأûһôܰ̾Ϣһһ۰ҫ񶼳һ˿Īʧ䡣
ҫ֮Ĺϵڽνһμѻǰǽܳĺ֮㣬ѩѱʥŮڽǶ˵ĹϵԼݸסټ϶ʵòϣ֮ϣȻҲнֵĻ⡣
ܰҲ֪Ϣڵޱһۣͼˣòʵǲ϶Ҫѹһͷ֮ܰģж԰ҫȻɴڣֵҲûôֱˡ
Ŷ˵иҪҪһ͹ҫ˸ӣ΢Ц
ʱҫ˵Ļʸɽлһ䱸ĿҫŲ΢΢ƣеҪĶӵ˼
ܵ˿һһʾҫҪܣ˵ľٶôӵùҫĸ֪ͷҲصֻ֣˵ǿô
ҫ㲻Ҫ̫֣ôɣɽһͺȵ
磬½ɣҫ΢ЦϾĵ̣Ҳе㲻̫ãҲˬһЦŰҫļ򿪿ڵãͽ㴦ɣϸľ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷת֮˫Ŀ磬ֱɽˣ˵ҸѡҪôִǵĹӣҹȥҪôԶ֣ȫɱˣϢʮ룩ʱ俼ǡ
ԵǳİԵҫĻԵɽʸֱҧǶҫаԵıǮǶΨһľݣֻλаүˣֻǶҲ֪ʲôʱϵǶҲֻʱ䡣
ߣŻ˭أаǧ˴⣬ʵǿҲһǧȫɱ˰ɣʸɫĵͺȵ
ҫǸ߸߹˫ĿһУӿЦа鱨ûôɣʸţ֪ڹžսɱ˶ô֪Ļǵ鱨ȥú
ܹһǧپʮˣʮʥڣʮʥڣʮʥ۷壬ҫû˵ɣһԵĻ⴫
ҫ΢΢һЦ⿪ڵκӵ㻹Ǽʱ꣬ᣬֻҪ˰


һٶʮ ҵľݣ˭û֣
£ſ߽ˡ
Ϊһ꣬òʣͦΣ˫ü罣˫ͫǣȻ¶һµƣָֻǸ߸𣬴ݲȵ߽˵ڡ
˫·ǳ˫ֱĶŰҫȻе΢Ц˶ܸоǹ޵ɭȻ⣬аүСа֮Ƶκӵ
վһߴɮˣɮ˻һִķ飬**ģ¶ļ·𻨸һУٸˣƵ̳һ㣬ˣһֲŭƣа֮ףڵ
һ˵ĵüͷаһãаүͷɲȰҫĻ٣ʵҫֻ߲ͣټٴαöҲ
ʸɽκӵԼߣһǶӲ˺ܶ࣬κӵ
κӵҲûзʼնŰҫţǶݺݵĵ˶һۣеĺֱӣǰ²档
ҲףһɣŵӣԹԵĲһվһԣлȥˡ
κӵû뵽ôּˣδ갡ҫ˫ָĶκӵЦ
Ļһ˫أǧµʱκӵ˵˵ҫûߣʵ֤ҫȷˣζκӵԴ͡
κӵҲлҲգ΢ЦţǺԵ֣ϴһУҷ̵Ļᰡ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣аһκӵ治򵥣Ȼ仹һ£ҫ߿һۣ˵ʵڵĸ£Ϊǽܲʧܣһ㶼ܲˣһʧܣǱήҲ
κӵϴʧܵˣµģΪʧȡѵӶԼ´β᷸ͬĴ󣬶԰ҫ˵鷳Ϊǻڸ㽻֮۲㣬㣬ҳҳ㣬Ȼһɱ
ҫüһ˿֮⣬΢Цʲôиᰡ㲻ڷô֪ҸҵĹϵ⽫սȼĴҵͷϣñȻϮɱаƻ˵ûɣ
κӵüһҲػôЦӯӯĿŰҫϱ鲻ԣпǰһҫķӦȷй֮ôһˣԶԼκһˣҲޣ޹֮󣬱ȻӦ֮
ߣҫעү˵̬ȡ԰ҫЦԼ̬ǲǳ
ҫһЦκӵ̽Ĺʶʱ񣬴˵ʱ򣬱𵽴ҷ͡
һܰûЦΧҵǼ亹֮аһҫǹ󵨵ģȻҵ治֪ո˵󣬻֪η
أѾըˣֻ࣬ڽҧ˫ȭ߬ĸֱ죬һ˫ĿݺݵĶŰҫ˵ɱ糱ˮӿ·Ҫҫ̻һ㣬Ȼŭ˼
Ҫ֮ʣκӵֹ̧ǰһ㶣ֻҧڣŰҫţסԼҪֵĴ㡣
Ȼ֪ҵаƻᣬǲòĵκӵ΢΢һЦڵ
ҫʼ磬ЦҽѣСܵĵȻӲοҪߣϴסңҲͬܣ
ţ˵ҲеʵҪһסӵˣӵôӵôһ˳ԱȫҲģ˼ҿϼҴڵأκӵЦԽԽ˵ĻҲͬԽԽš
ŵ˲ǰҫҲãҵЩҳǣκӵһ˵Ŀȥˡ
û԰ҫʵûг񾳵Ϊסһ֮ô˿ɾˣаĴԻΪƽء
Ǻ˵ĿˢˢĿҫҪ֪뷨ΪҫѾʹľˣΪһ֮ҲȻεĿ⣬ֻ뷨ȴìܡ
һŰҫܰԼɹѹأһֲҫ˻ˮìܵüͷԽԽ쳣ء
ҫһеĿ⣬ֿһĳüչ漴΢΢һЦչһö֣ɢɫĹΣҫ΢ЦĶ˵ѾͷԳˣ
õģҫ磬ҪôڴǷ·ݺöĻ
ɱɱаˣ
ҫһޱȣ˫ĿɱӿεɱǱ˲κӵüһ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿Űҫ֪ҫΪʲôԼʱ޿ˣԭǲ˺֡
˰ҫ磬ǱҲҪСŶĻٴ֮ҫϵʧΡ
ҫ΢Цͣκӵڵκӵκӵǿ޷ҲԼ˶ҵ˱أͷܽ˭ûְοҰҫ
κӵ΢΢һ㶣ҫĺָԼĲ࣬Ϫ϶ǲ˰ҫĴڶԼľӽͻϮ
ʵҲκӵ룬ҫ֮ͨȻһЦվǧɱڵĴ󺺣˫ĿƵ֣Բ׳ţú񱳿ǧ˼һǲС
ҫͨûãȺ߳꣬ɫұɫۣƺͬɱ
ߵħ׼ؾݵĸ֮һұߵѩѱؾݵĸˣǧҫ֡
ҫ˵ˣǰֻҪаˣһҪŹɱ⣡˵ȻƽǹëȻɱ⣬ڳ˲С֣ο˫ݴڡ
ѩѱ˵֮ŮǵĶŮҲеʥŮλ߲ʡħ׼˵ǼӰҫδˣϼ۰ľǰҫڰ׼ͬˮǴߡ
ȽʥŮ£ٷ֮ͬʱϥ¹򣬹ص֮һӣǧ۸ߺɱɽ¡
һСɽɽµĲԶɼϬ򣬶ϬΧΧ˺ѹѹȺЩ˶аˣȴǵĽһѪɱ¾ǰҫĺˡ
ؿҸۡҫ֮κӵ˶΢΢ҡͷЦȻ˺֣ôҲöϻʲôˣǾͺúõĶһѣô
ŶʲôҫһЦ
ͶģߵսĴһκӵڻص
ҫ΢Цͷڵעأ
ǵ
κӵһ䣬ֱҫȥҫ˫Ŀ΢Уһֱͬκӵȥ˵ͬʱǰһֻһһһһɽȻ෴Ӱ˴˽ݶͱ˸ת˲Բ֪١
ҫκӵ˵ʹ򣬽ĲУǶߵҲûţҲˣĶ
˵һƴ˸൱˵˽֮ڵΰȫɨɣס֮󣬱˴˶ӽǰһͬʱҲսʮ㡣
ߵĻʸɽ֣ͬɶ˸Ҫ֮ʣȴһԭء
˳ȥָӴսûиСͷҲصĳ⣬ܰҪȥأȴֱôܽסСãзսԱܵ뿪ھȥ
ܰԣҧҧ֪֪֮Լʵﲻæпң֮һСģ˷뿪
ʱսҫսκӵҵ滹ȫǶˡ


һٶʮ ൱澭
䣡
һ죬˱ܣҫӦɣһס֮ƣһݶ֮ϣոס֮ʣͷһѹǿľѹϢһɽͷѹ¡
ҫͷҲ̧תΣ͸һγһ磬ʵƥǿ˵Ż𾢷ת֮£ͷµľȫſͬʱҲµж˸߰˰ˡ
ơͰ
ڰҫͷϣȭֱµκӵ΢΢һ㶣Ǹ߸ЦȤ
κӵһ䣬ζȻһ䣬ȭȣȾ֮Ʒ£಻缲磬ƥƼ侪ˣ澭Ȼһ溮ԣκӵǿĹת£֮ǿҫҲҷɾ衣
Ӱȷ컨׹
ҫ̧ͷһӭĹֿͣҫҲţ˫ȻӶȥȴָһϵĽ࣬·һУݽȥĳ嶯
Űҫ˫۷ת˲֣Բ֮ʣһֱһɿǳͼ֣κӵĹƸһӴͼΣ̾ͱǹǿжĵβ棬ھ֮£˶ʧΡ
Ųƣ
жţȻ鴫κӵаȻûʲô飬΢Цͣж԰ҫʵһʶ
˵ʱʱ죬ۼκӵξʧҫܷŹôõĻᣬתΪƵ˳âʵʣݺݵնκӵ̣һҪκӵնϵļơ
һѸޱȣѵκӵֱü԰ҫֵٶԼȻˣһᣬһٿһתɫŤת·ҪΧĿռ䶼ŤˣȥҫΪ֮һ
澭Ųƾ
ҫһûпƫ˵ǲƫصκӵۣһȻʵڣȴκӵ۵һ˲们˹ȥֻκӵһǳ۰ˣ˵΢
һκӵһ澭Ȼһ㻬֣ӦϵǡôӦһҪеĴˣҫ΢΢ȣ漴¶һ˷ܵЦݡ
ҫҲˣûһսģȻҫûָǰս񣬵Լ൱Ķ֣˷սǵס𣬶κӵ뷨ҫҲ̫࣬ͬҫΪС
ж˴ΪƽһУеҲֻѣϵĶûͣ£ҫһ޹һšתȸ߸̧͵һֱ£Ⱦ絶ףֱȡκӵһҪʵˣκӵԴҡ
κӵķӦҲ֮ǰǻĲƣҪٴĻҲϲϣ̧һָŰҫĸȥ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢Уϴķ纮ʶĽС΢΢ƫƣպƫҪκӵһָƲ߶ڰҫСһֵѪۣҫһȻûκӵĲȴҲݺݵļ򣬽һµķڡ
һзļ죬˵ĽֻڵʯɣʵǿľˣҫüһСϵѪۣԼ˼Ȼκӵ˵ˣκӵʵҲ㹻˵ˡ
ҫһ΢΢ҡͷ֮һھǿָ֮£СϵѪת˲룬˶Сȣоûʲô󰭣һ䣬ӷĿֱԾ¡
ҫ֮һκӵӣʱЦڵҲûеô
˴˱˴ˣκӵĻص
ʱκӵ»ҳܲŰҫҲΪԼ磬֮ǰҫһֹǧκӵӲһ۵죬侢֮ؾȻһŰѾˣκӵЦͣѼϣ
ʵ˵Ѿʶּĸ㲻ʲôˣһҫСѾ˸Ѫۣκӵдв죬ʵҲ֤ԼĹҫǱԵú䡣
ʵκӵ֪ҫ֮˵ıᣬΪҫ˼Եʣ԰ҫ˼񶼵Ļ㷽ʽȽϵĻֻпƤˣκӵܽҫһѪۣ乥Ѿ൱ˡ
ҫΨһʤκӵĵطҲˣںѾﵽֳ࣬еȻһļӳɣһӵĶΪʵȻҪǿͬȼ߲١
κӵٴˣٴȥ㲻ҵĶ֣Ӧú뿪ɣҲ㣡ҫκӵ΢΢ҡͷڵ
κӵŤż΢΢һ㶣һֿҫ漴һЦ˳ڵͷͲһ㲻ΪӮ˰ɣҲϣȷǿ֮ұȻ󣬵ǣĻ˵ͷ콭˭û֣ҫУκӵûô
ҫüͷһͻȻʯǽ͵ը飬ʯһɺ˵ĻǣһŻͷصĺڰҫı֮ϣ˰ҫһֲ
ҫоԼ׻һ˿ѷɫ𾢵֮ݺݵײıϣͻȻһϢ
ɾڰҫʶ˹ֿ͵Ϯֵһ˲䣬κӵҲˣֻ˫ָݺύɫָâƿնֱڰҫǰߴҪѨϡ
ָ̫Ԩ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫոܵκӵͻϮһڻʯ֮Уֱҫգۼѵҫһ״
ֻ˫˳ƺݺݵӡڰҫıţǿĻ𾢷ϯҫ£Ҿֱڣҫͬڱ˿಻ԡ
ơ٣
ֻ⻹û꣬κӵۼҫͻϮ֣Ҳԥһҫ·˫ֱ̧ҫţƾޱȣͬʱһ˿׾˵ǸᲢã产ˡ
ɽӞšƼ
ǰһһͻϮҫҲ̲סˣһ͵һѪʹǿҲܲסֵͬʱκӵԤıģ򲻿ϵĬһǰһͻϮ˰ҫһֲ
磬ĲɣҫЦ
粻ĸոպأκӵԴһƫһۡ
ĸǰϣҲôƲƲ죬Űҫһۡ
ҹ
ҫ˫Ŀһɣ˫ͫ죬˲ھ幦˵Ļ𾢷񱬷κӵɳ⣬ϰƽķըķ飬纣һϯԲϰףƼ产ˡ
άϢʱŻɢκӵҲû˵̫أֻǱҫǿֲĻеѪңŶתҲܽѪƽ
ðɣջ֮ǰ˵Ļһﻹ˵ðЦѱ¯֮࣬ǿϰ˶ȲҲѹܻˣҪǰոͻƵ澭ʮƪĹҲҪԲ˶ߡκӵµ˵
ϻ㵱˭ǰҫС֪ôСɱ˱ҲȥǸĺ򲻿ɴ⡣κӵûĺһ꣬ѵš
κӵѵ⣬ҲɵǺǵĸЦԶκӵĳƺݱѺ֮ˣа֮һߣССħ֮Ƶģ˾ս
˾ս澭κӵ澭ںһϹžڹķ˵ܣԻأҲκӵ˾սæҪԭ


һٶʮ һУꖹͨ
ҫˣ˵ĺأͬϾ˵صһΣ˾սκӵֺ£벻ضС
ˣˣκӵǸ湻ģ治ԣʵϰ˸֣лһֲһаҫа롣
òϣԼλǰܸκӵܲʵͷԣǧ㻹㲻κӵԭһרԼĸǱܣΪ˵Լһ̣һɱĻᡣ
ҫգ̵˫Ʒֿ˫΢΢죬һֶأ̤صĹ쵹ƽˣǾ˷ʽָ°빦Ч
ʱ볾ɢȥκӵ˾սһƵİҫһôֵƣһ㶣漴һ۵˵ͷεضֱҫȥ
˶Ǹ֣ҫڸʲôǵȻ֮ǰȻҫһ˲ı𿪣ԼҫµƣҲȻᣬӰҫǽ˵ļƾͿԿƱԼеĻҪأȻʹˮĻᣬôܻŹ
ʵҫе׼ƾԲôأϾԾϹžڹķ令֮ǿϰҫĻʥµķκͬȽλ湥ѽҫˡ
͵ϮǾˣ۾һ⣬ʥһ⣬ԱķΪǿķϣԵеμˣǷǿֻûôǿѣĻҫСҲᱻκӵһѪˡ
ʱ˿ڰҫڣɽȻͬİҴܣһıƵ羢һɴյĻ𾢣ɰѪڳҫ಻ԡ
ھ񹦵ȫԭ֮£Ĺѹ࣬ҫа޾֮Ϲžڹķ֮ƣȷʵ
ɾڰҫȫԭ֮ʱκӵ˾սȫɱҫһãҲ˲ϵƣһֱ֮ˣڶչս
ͷʱϬǧ֣Ѿаǧ˴չսĴǴйԭϬΧˮйͨажǿǰոսսܵĴԮսһ
ǧ˵Ĵս׳ۣ˵˫̫࣬аľʿʥĸ֣ͬͬˣսǿռʲôͷ
ȻȻûʲôƿԣҲĲסаĴϾûжʱȥϬټԼؾݵ㸺˵ǿЭ£Ҳݱ
Ϭѽѷ֮ʣսԶƽԭ͵͹һ飬漴ƿϰװͳһȺܳͷܰ
һܵǴҸۡԺ䳡ֱͨһܵΪ˿ȥƺֻһç򣬿ʵ˾Ǵϸ
ܵҪڵģΪľӦҴٵʱܹӦ䣬ɼҲǴ޵һˡ
ֻ첻ԸܵȷǴóʱĲԣصҲԣܰˣþͳھսİ׿⣬ôܲ֡
аľʿһҵˣǶ˵ֱΧҵչϮɱ٣սֻжٶˣĶһЩ棬սаĴҲûᲢۡ
ҵĸֲ٣οܰڵĸ򣬾ƵҲûпȥôΣܰҳԼֶǰ棬ú󷽵Ա㹻ʱгˡ
ķӦҲа˷ҵˣҲͬˣҫеĿľΪ˽ң֣ܰôԼĿǴһ룬̴ǰȥڻܰ롣
ܰӣҫ绹أܰߣûпҫѯʵ
б䣬аүɱ׶类ǲסˣһʱܰһڻ˳ˣһ߻ص
üеİҫİΣȥԮҫа֮ȴһ챩ȡ
ղɷŹһˣɱ
а֮зɴˣ˵ļֱӳˣǸָӴɽʸšԼл

һڣԼҪȥԮҫԵеˣԼûԼ򣬸ֲסаеĳϾԼֻûжൽʵοôһƿʵǷ
껡Сƽȥסǣһȡ
䣬ߣһͬӭɽˣǰ׼ѩѱؾݵĸˣһֱɽֱлʸţһսٴչ
Ůޣ·㲻ߣŴվȥɽϹɽһԼȫһ£һЦȵ
ôǸ߸Ļһ䣬漴˫һת۸Էɳö·һ㣬ɽ
ߣСۼɽһųɹҪ𿪣һСİ
İжҪˣ˵ɽԭΪԼųɹȥ𿪰Ӷ࣬ɵİ͸ĻֱƤ֮еľ㵣Ըӡ
ʱٿϬڵսҫľƲֹۣ˾սһȻҫҪѷһһ澭ȴǾĺܣ׵⹦ƣʵС
鷳Ļ˾սκӵκӵʵףҪǣһƺʲôᣬ澭Ͳ˵ˣΪտҪ˾ս֮ϣ⹦ʽϸǲ
ȷָƷȭצһʩչǵӦ֣仯ˣһҫҲòĴָ֮⡣
ҫҲֻ۷ʱڵ߳ɣκӵ˾սֵǿ֮£ʧҲض๥٣൱ı
κӵ˾սأͬʱҲ԰ҫսеľҫһԼشȴܹԼ˲һӵʱ䣬β·磬˹Ŀ࿴ͬʱеɱҲӵľ
飡
һ죬ҫκӵ𿪣߿˾սһۣ˵䣬սپ
ˣ˾սһ㶣漴˫Ŀ΢΢Զסεİҫص
κӵҲػ΢΢ͷʾ⣬˾սҲ˫ĿһͷɴܵҫǰҸһƺҫ
ۼ˹ҫŲæ˫˳ƺԣʱ䣬𾢺񽻲͸ϯԲϰףǿк˵˷·ʮ쫷磬ΧķľٵһͿ
һ˲䣬κӵ˾սһۣһ໥ͨںϣȻǿһֹɽƾѹҫɳϰ֮Զ
澭澭ںϣ֮ǿʵǷ˼ھȾֳɲһһô򵥣ǳʼα
ҫ֮͵һѪ˾ͻڣˣʵѩϼ˪ϼˡŰҫٴαԼˣκӵ˾ս¶һѪЦݣҲͣΰεضֱҫȥҪ׷ʹ
ʱսѾ԰ҫΪҫأڷ֮ʺȻʲô˫ĿһɣһţԼľԴôǸˣǵһϵСӣһľгС
ģľԴôˣҩԣŷùô


һٶʮ ŭ
ҫϵĺʲôҩǵǧƽľת𵤡
ҩܹ߿ţǡɵǵ뿪֮ʱ껽ǶѵҩҲһžת𵤣ܹ˿ţðҫǰĴʱƽˣÿһţѱʱ֮衣
ҫϼõϣ֮ǰԼҲǴԣȫǵԼôһ񵤣ŰԼóҩ֮ҲľУнӲӵĵҩС
תڼ΢΢תҩɱ·Ȫһ֫ٺȫֻһϢ֮䣬ҫһȬӯޱȣָ۷֮ϣ쳣̹а޾תҩЧǷƷĽλ
ҫ̷ת֮ʱκӵҲǿüͷ΢壬μӿ֣˲ѵҫͷ˫Ⱥƿ籩һ̤£Ⱦд֮ƸǺ
ȡʽ
ҫǸʱˣ˲䱬𾢱֮ǰ̵ĸоǿʮֹ𾢺ˣ˫ۻӶ˦ʮκӵ˫֮ϣĹƻ⣬סΡ
ơţ
ôܣһʲô鵤ҩȻôͻָʮ״̬κӵ˫üšһҧгݵ
κӵԵ˾սҲ̫ÿۼκӵ߲סβ̧ͣ־һֱҫȥƾ׺֮£ûһͻӡŰҫĶ¡
ơꖹش
ǰҫ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬳׺ͫĻ𾢴ۿ͸Եü񿡣ͬһֱ˾սӡ֮󣬰ҫĵĻȻⱶ𾢻צֱӺ䴩һӡͺ˾ս֮ϣǰɡ
ơɽ
һз̫죬ֻõʯݣκӵոջ߲գ۵ĹͿ˾սһɣһŭ澭ȫ汬飬ֱҫȥ
ߣˮת֮ǰĿɹ񫣬ڵˣҫЦһһ𣬻𾢲һŻ˱ֱĳκӵ
κӵǸ߸԰ҫЦҲػһ˫ͫ⣬һϸϸĽɫͼƣֱ̼϶ͷͼƲ֮ƻǺһ࣬Ƽ侪ˡ
ط꛾飡
κӵò䣬νڶĸı䣬̧һƺƷѹϢɭӿ֮ǿ֮ǰ˾սʱҪǿίʵ
ҫһ˫Ŀüͷ΢΢𣬵ôͦģ
ҫ̧һƣǿǶ˵˫֮񱬷ԭѾһƬǽܣһɨֱӱɨƽأཻƾ춯ء
κӵһЦǰһƣɽһѹҫаһʱܲסκӵͻȻɳʮ⡣
κӵЦͣżһ棬ɫΣֱưҫȥҫۼκӵҲЦκӵĺֻడ
ΪƽһУ׼֣ĸҸ㽻ְκӵһŵЦݣڵ
㻹濴Ұҫз˫ۣЦһұƵ˳âңȥƼѸֱͣκӵͷ­
ҫֵ㿴أκӵ΢ЦصһƱѹҫƵ󣬽䵴һߣ漴һƺֱҫţƾޱȣһǿı׾ᲢأƣǿĿɲ
ҫˮ˫۷תŻ֮£γһǳͼΣͼ鶯䣬ޱȣǿľ罫κӵƾж˸һɶǣκӵ˶ƫΡ
Ųƣ
ŲƣͷʹκӵвʣŲصжţιƶ޹ҫƷʵ޲ߡ
ߣκӵȷǿǣȻұ鱨ָƣӦҲ֪ҲİɣۼκӵԼľ糶ĶᣬҫЦ
һ䣬ҫһ˫Ŀ׺Ѫؽҧ͹𣬳ֳ֮ɫ˱ޱȣɷǺˡ
ѪԪ󷨡Ѫƪ
鶯ķƪ
ҫ˫£ͬʱȻòϵĸı䲢ûκӵȥôֱӣ˵뾢ȴʵķԾ
һ˲䣬ҫһĿ̬һ˫Ȳãƿ籩һκӵӰݣ쳣ڣƼ产ˡ
ȡǧ£
԰ҫķ񷴻κӵһκ˫ƿ缲磬羪ף̹ǣӡ׷ҫӰ񽻴չҵĶԺ䡣
Ԫꡤ꣡
ҫκӵӲƴһ˵Ĺ൱ʱҲֲ£ڹϣ˾սУκӵǿҫ
ʱ˾սκӵòྶͥϵͼκӵֻͬɫǺɫκӵȣ֮ɫ
ʱҫһжɲ֮ǰǰμ穣м࣬ʩչ쾡£ж˶ܣʵ˵ҫ֮Ľλϲ˵޵УʤҲǽûУʱκӵ˾սû͡
䣡
һըװҫʮףκӵ˾սҲ࣬ס֮ɫķ·ҪγѪ
֮ǰһƶٴͨ˵ɽֻǰѰҫɳʮԶֽԽܣǷһ£İҫǿĿֲ͵Ϯǻκβðҫ
ҫһ³һԶɫĶˣЦˣЦ쳣ţ漴һʮɣھµĻ罾һƥ
ҫľٶκӵ˾սüͷ֪ǰҫҪһеǰ࣬ĬĬת֮⡣
ҫ˫ƻӶȥʵһɣһѵĻ𾢣ܵĿռȻǱŤֻ֮˫һչĸԣǰһֱһ׵ĳһ

ûʱˣսپɣҫһ˫ĿԶĶɭȻһЦֿסֱĳκӵ˾սȥ
ɾڰҫθն֮ʣԶҴլУӰʮʮֻݶֱʣҫƫͷȥ漴˫ͫС
磡
һذĴ𣬴ӰҫзǳݶӰһһȭţӲų
Ҵ磬Ҫ֮أ
ҫŭˣŭ·ըװһŤͷһֻһҾƵİҫת˲ѵǰݺݵİԼϡ

ʹ˵ʹʹֱȥһ˺ѷεĲҽУֲ𾢽˰漴ɳϰ֮Զ;һеķݽֱӱһֱͨһ͸ۡкݺݱ𾢱ըҩۡըƽء
ҫȫľʵ̫ˣ˵κӵüͷ壬˵˾սĿɿڴ˵а֮׵δ
ҫأɲ˸ãֻ֪Ƶжأҫסأ漴ϥã˹Ϊơ
͵һѪͷһİҫЦҡͷڵܣ˷ѹˣߵͷˣ߰ɣӦһ£úչܰ
磬ЦˣҲûˣԺ͸Сһ𴳽ɣҫƲƲ찵һɥЦûлӦ
磿ҫüͷһ壬ļ
һ֮£ӭ浹£ҫ̧֣һ仰˵ˣͣˡ


һٶʮ ĵʱһ񾳣
ҫ͵ĿأĵͷѾûкû
ûкûˣʵڰҫΪ˵ʱͨ̽飬ѾѾ;ƿˡ
ֻǰҫԸһ㣬ƾԼĹԾȻģǣˣΪûﵽĳ̶ȡ
ҫãȻʧĽӴԼϣϸ磬һֵܣԸƴҪҲɣĳҲ㱨ģĵȥɣСܴӦ㣬ҪãһЩȥ㣡
ҫ˵ᣬƽˮɢһëȻı亮⣬֮ӽκӵ˾սǴ˸
ֻ֮ҫס֣͵һȼûãΪһųȥ
ҫվĳȭһϵţ磬һ·ߺã
һ䣬ҫͷֿκӵ䣬ѱֱκӵ˾սķκӵüͷ΢΢һ壬е㲻
ҫһǿҵļ¸УֺֻĴ븸Ͽҫѹȸļ¸У˿˲١
Ұҫ췢ģ֮겻аƲΪˣӽҫаݣ
ҫĻôƽƽķ·˵ϳʲôǹεɱȥǰĶзһëȻĸоȻ
ߣҲҪܻ˵
κӵһߵ˾սʹ˸ɫ߻⣬һתκӵ˫һκӵţĴκӵڣ͵һۣ˫ĿŷϹ⣬һɳҫȥ
˾ս֮Եеήңϵĳɫͼȥϥʼ˵˹Ϣ
ؿκӵοӰԭ澭ɫȻʼתɵɫͫͬһɫ󣬿ȥΪع죬֮ҫѲҵľ롣
ҫǰϹһκӵգ֮ǰ˫ºҫŲæͬʱ˫ƺһԣ»𾢸ǣ㿴ȥûʲôرĻ𾢣ȴκӵ΢΢һ㶣ȵԭҲѽ
ţոմﵽģҵΪٴͻƣԼҲܾȣԭ֮лôһľ磬ӦҲײɣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
κӵü˫ĿѪĹ⣬Ǿ͸㲻ã
һ䣬κӵ΢΢ɫ񱬷˫ϴѹɽֻͣһѹҫڵһ㱻ɳȥɳϰ֮Զ
һģκӵۼҫԼɣϲŭݺݵҧ˵
ԭҫǲκӵǣߣȻӰܴ󣬵ҫĲûʧȥǣӵ侲֮κӵһҪҵĲвߣսѡĿꡣ
ĳ𣬰ҫԻᱨֻʱδѾǸ磬ҲܹԼʵǲЩ뻯ĴȣԶ
ҫҪĿɲֻɱκӵһ˶ѣҪа԰ҫֻѡʱֱӵоԵʵ֮ɸ֮𣬱ȻὫаȼ
磬ǲ׷ô˾սκӵߣüʵ
׷ˣһﵽǸΣҪߣƾסģκӵЦҡͷڻص
˾սüͷĸˣͻȻ˫Ŀһɣһ㵵Ŀκӵʧ˼˵ҫѾﵽľˣ
κӵ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵûӦøո֮ɣ
νһִ񾳵񾳵һ壬úһɳ죬ñٲҲ˵ֻгɹ˲ϣ뵽֮Ϊ֮ߡ
鹫Ϊ֮顯֮ͨٶȡ֪ĻָУӰ֮壬ֱ֮󣬷Բ
жΡ֮顯֮ͨĹʱɽд֮ʱƴΡȻɵ֮壬ֱ֮󣬷Բ
ڡ֮顯֮ͬʱ֮󣬽ںһѪ硢塢ٽ̶ȵǿʹʴߣǿ֮󣬷Բ
塮֮顯֮֮ﵽ֮󣬱ʼ󣬸֪Ӧõ̶ȵĽĳʱڸ֪ܵĴڣɹգһһͻ֮
νˣֻдﵽ֮󣬲лͻ񾳣ҲͻƳΨһİ취ûеڶ·ѡ
ȥף¼ȴ죬Ϊ޼ѰҪõ򾳽绹Ҫʮֹ򲻵ֹֻ֮ͣϣʹ飬·Ҳһ˳
֮ĺбʱһһ˿֮ᵼʧ⣬ϣɢΪˡ޷йֱӹı壬֮ء
ҫճɻʱľ磬ֱӿ۷壬𲽽׶Ρ֮顯ʵһ
ʵκӵ뵽֮ľ磬Ȱҫ֮ãܿɲǿʱĳ̣ڴ˶֮ǿ
κӵ֪ҫһ˲䣬ֱ˱޵֮ĻֱӱȥΪʱҲ͵һѡ
ؿǰκӵ˾սĿŰҫѶ޲ߣҫ֮ĸ£ٶѾ쵽ĵزһĹѾʧڶ˵֮ڡ
磬ǲ׷ô˾սüŰҫʧķ򿪿ʵ
ûҪ׷ȥҲ費ȥġκӵ΢΢һЦڻص˾սҲԣĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ˣ߰ɣ塢ϰˡϾŻأκӵ˾ս˰ֵЦ˾սԵ˵ͷκӵȥ
κӵͷһۣҫȥķ¶һЦݣҫһҶѾָˣӮˣ´Σһ
ʱҫ⣬ǰһߵֿаĴһԮҲв룬аĴ֪ðǧԮ߽ڽڰˡ
ҫۼڴˣҲ˵ʲôһлƽʸͷ­飬֮һлɽ˴
һٳǣֱаģ˵Ļкķɱ֮࣬ͷ£ݡ
ҫ֮󣬺߼ҫı֮ɫֻһ˻ʶʲô̾˿ٶԣаĴֻ׷ʮľ룬㳷أ漴ռϬ
һ֮һŵ㣬ܰһŵߵҫǰʵ׶磬Ҵأ
ҫһ£ͷ­Ҳ̧ĵĻصˣҡȲ
ܰɵˣԭأ૵˵ܵģܵģ׶ڸҿЦԲԣ׶磬Цһ£ЦһºòãȻҴͻʲôطܳЦһЦһ£ڸأЦЦ~~~~~~
˵ܰĹڵأˮֹסӿ飬ҫûֹܰ޵ľ춯أΪҫԼۿеˮֹסӿж᲻ᵯֻδʱ


һٶʮ ҵսδļƻ
ʮպ󣬺ʡ򣬾Źɽ̨
㣬㻹ȰȰɣѾﲻԲҹˣȥ¶᰾סģܰһǵĿԶʯ̨ϵİҫǸ¼ŵıӰв̡
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһڻصû취ģҫҪԼ˵̫ˣκȰġ
ܰص̾ϢһĴҲܴԼҲ߳ɰҫȴȥ
һ·ҫ潫ԼԷֱҲвŹɽ֮󣬶һ˾̨ôʯ̨֮ϣһĿߡ
ڼܰҲȰɰҫ˵˿·ʯһ˿һöŮżȴҲ޿κΡ
ʱҫգҹķǣлԼһһУϲбҲлζӳ£˵Ŀɬ
ҫһμʱ̾һ磬㻹ţӦûݺݵĸһȭȻҲӦôȥӦүƵȥеһаɣ
ҫҡͷЦ漴˸վȭ׼ǿգڵ磬İɣĳļأֻҪҰҫһڣµһһȥػҸԣ
ܰŰҫôһֵľٶһ㶣漴һЦ֪ԼʶǸҫֻˡ
ҫҲûʧͷ˶ŮһۣʽЦٴγ֣̤滺ߵǰ֮󣬿ЦѾͷгԵôö
һЦûİһۣԹ˵Ժˣ˵ġ
ҫεͷɵЦİɣԺ󲻻ˣǸǵˡ
磬Ѿˣ㲻һ겻ˣ㶼ˣ˭ȥأܰһĿҫ˵
ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴صĵ˵ͷڵСãİɣ𣬶һ㱨ûҺôĹͷͽȡˣаҶ췢ģݣ
Ů֮еͷǰҫԸ񣬰ҫǰҫһ㶼ûб䣬޾һе̬ʼձһ
ˣȥԵ㶫ɣôˣҶеˣ΢΢һЦǵ§סҫĸ첲ǰȥҫҲḧ˸Դˮ
һԵܰǵģкݺݵĳһ£һɬȻҲûбֳȻһЦ˵ͷ
˴ǿɽׯľַԭƵɽׯڵҫص֮󣬾ѾˣȻûеǰԻʹھס浹Ҳ㹻ҵĲвˡ
һ·ҵĴѲӣһȫµĻҵһʱ仹̫Ӧҵ˼ҫһʱᱨԸмĿ⣬һЩǶŰҫ񣬰ҫҲòĻӦ
޸֮ľϪѾаȫռѾûνˣϪѳΪаһãҵѾûǸʵȥԼĵ
ڵ֪ս֮˽Ļ䣬Ͼǵĵʵ̫ǿˣǿĺ𷴿֮ġ
ҫҵпԿ־ɣϸ˾ߣǼȻеŻѾϨôԼͰµȼɡ
һ·޻ҫԼܰһ鷿׼ʳҫǰ˫°͵ͷ˼
ڹ˼δԼȻѾ׼Ҫһô̫ҪԤȹ˼ãҲһŵķС
ѾͷǱߵΣҫʵ
˵ͷߵҫĶ󣬳˵ϵʱϵǣѾ·ˣŻʱִܵֻҵֹ̫ۡ
ҫ΢΢üʵôֹ۷
Ǳߵ̫ã߾ܹʱϵɹǵִҵʱʱеˣʱаĴѾҵ̳ڣҲֻܾȫʩȣȻɹǴ˳ҵĸȴʧأܺͻ٣һ϶档һ裬˵
ҫһȻ֮ɫ΢΢ͷ˼Ƭ̣ڵǱеϵ·һʲôʣǺȥԮˣаĸô
еģһǺĸ֣ΧĴңаȫɽллʸţǱ߷ֱλʹկĿĺƣǺ¥õһֽ챤Ź̻աڵ
ֹɣӦûбĸֲŶԣνапҪпҫЦе˵
ȻΧĴκӵһֲ߻ģôԺߵĲȻûк֣ҫƣӦûгŵסĸִڣаиֱͨԣҪǸҫȵĻǸЦ
Ц˵ͷڵаҶиһѹ󣡡
ǺǣаǳôʲôʱĥʯˣսΣҵֵûʧɣҫֺǺǵʵ
˸ָǸ߸߹𣬽ЦǵȻģ°ǱֻǳĽ֣ȴҲѹԷһж·硣ʵĻҪǸСѾ֮һ޸˹ȥŶ
ҫһ㶣漴ЦЦ˵Сܻܸϸҳ˵˵СӵĶȷĽֻ޺ô
ае壬ͨΪҲֻڶѣֻһֳ뻯Ķ൱ҲǾʥ֮һʥĹĵӡ˵ܰҫĿܿɲ˶֪ģܰ˵ͷͷǵа˽ͦء
ܰŰҫǺĿ⣬˰ۣڻصôң֪֪˰սа鱨Ҳһ㡣
ҫ΢ЦСãҪö˵鱨ܸ㵽ҲҸѾͷˣĹΪֻһȱһָô
ҫĻֱ˵㣬ȴһܰص΢΢һ㶣Ҳհҫֱӣ̾Ϣһ磬ҴӦǸˣ˵ģ֮һߵģҺȷ˵㡣
ңôʶˣǸ˰ɣҫӺףһ䡣
ʲô˰һʵ
ҫ΢΢һЦڻصҲȷֻǲ²ѣȻңǵʱ֪ˡ
ܰһۣ漴˵ͷʵҫ磬ľƣʲôƻô
ҫ˿裬ڵƻеģȹǻһģȻˣҾȴ˵һ°ɣ
Ů˵ͷһţҫ΢΢һЦڵʿ⣬ոտҵһʧܲãаˣôνĸҲֻǿ̸ѣ㽻ңҵˣ취ܴҵʿ
ΣҪԼټȻҪôǵľݵ㲻̫ۣϵɽҲҪֻǻӣɽҪ˿壬Ϳɷֹа𣬱Ͼʵʵ̫ԶڰŲױ
һֻҸ˵ǼģϣҡѾͷ١ҶġָС°˴һͳһţһ£һзаһսսԼʵһá
ܰĿɿڴĿŰҫ˵ֺ֮裬ŶŮı飬΢΢һ㶣ڵôң˵ģƻʲôֱ֮˵
ܰάžȵı飬һۣ漴һڣ΢ЦͣǸоҫˣóˡ


һٶʮ 
һҪôŻÿÿ˲ͬĵ㣬ͬСǣҪһЩĥѣֻĥѵĴС˵ҲҪģĥѴˣʧȥģĥСˣҲδš
ҫĥأǶ壬һ·ٴεԵٴεĥ˰ҫҲɾ˰ҫİҫǴЩĥ߹ģҲΪЩĥˡ
Ҳһ·ѹһױκ飬Ҳĳ飬Զ֮İҫ˸ӵаȫС
ĿƵĿŰҫоİҫԽԽԣҫĿëˣεţôң£
һЦ˳ЦĻ֦ҲͲûشˣһԵܰҲЦֻЦıȽί񣬲ôš
ҫ˷ۣЦû꣬һεķΧɫˣЦˣ˵˵ɣҵļƻô
ŮֹͣЦͬ˵ܺã
ҫ΢΢һ㶣һЦ˵ô
ڰҫҪ˵ʱУɧҫ˵Ҳòͣ£ͬʱü⡣
鷿ԺУһĿɿڴĿԶҹգϵԼȫɢһأҫ״΢΢ü˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
Զҹ֮ϣ¹֮£ѹѹһƬľĴųڿС
ЩľӴչɶʮ׿⣬ٶߣյľƼƴŴ͹㳡֮ϵҹУƺڵȴʲôһ㣬ͣĴųԭء
ҫ˼״üͷĸˣ˶һۣͬʱŲԶĹ㳡ɴܶȥĹ㳡֮ϣԴһ￴ͷϷĻľȺһֻľıϣһڿ׵ӰҲڵͷǡ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬱ͫ漴Ǹ߸һ֮ɫĶŮ˵ýţûж⣬أ
ܰ΢΢һ㣬߿ʵ˭
ҫ΢Цͣڻصһ֪ˣСãȥҵ˰סɧƽϢѾͷȥЩԽˡ
ŮԵ˵ͷҲ˵ʲô˵˾СģæȥˣڻľȺʵ̫󣬼ҵˣҫⰲŵİ׼һٴУǳ
ҵˣڻ֮УŸ𲻾ãһƬĻľ֣ʵǵսľΪа׷ɱˣһĻŲԣһЩҵĸ־ۼڹ㳡֮ϣҹϵĻľȺŭĿӡ
ҫ˵ĵ˰Ĳ٣ܰİ£Ƿ˽ģصԼסֻһҵĸ֣Աʱ֮衣
ҫϵӰ΢΢һЦ漴ڿն𣬾Ծ޸߶ʱŶһȣһɺըѣҫɱըĳٴδŲ̤̤ҫֱԾ˽׵ҹϣǰ
һĻ˶ˣˣҫӹɵģʾûдﵽ֮ɾôŵķԾգ˶벻ģܰ˶Ŀ¶֮ɫͷϵİҫ
ҫǿ˺öѽѵѾﵽľˣ̾
˵ûҫһֽ̤ŵǿյļܣ֮顯״ζ֮ãȽڴ֮ͷųһ㽫Լŵһʱʵʳ͵һڿգӶô˵һĻ
һ˵򵥣ϼѣҪ뱾ҪһĿƣܶһҲһ֣˱ըܲ˰ҫĲ̤༷ѹը߻һĵĲס
ƫƫҫˣ΢Ŀ£಻ٸոպã˵ľٶǼȫҵĸǱ𺳵ĲУΪǵаҫ·ڽ̤Ƶ
ԹηӦǻľ֮ϣҫԴǰȫɫ׸ǵˣ΢ЦþòҶһ͸ộŻҰ
ǰ̧һͷԵİťͷʶʧ¶ݣûǰŵĵһ콾Ҷ
Ҷﻹôһ겻Ȼ֮ǰһĻͬҲ𾪲ѣֻǷУϲû¶ɱޱȡ
ҫ¨ͱˣʲôƫƫаĵӻǴ󰡣ҶŰҫţ˵
аôˣƾʲôǣǾǿֻ첲ȣҲûͷ۰ҰҫҪǣҪֻʱҫ΢Цص֮ױȵš
֪ԼʲôⲢ˿η֮ģӼҵȥǰҫԣûж˾߱ԣԽѹȣԽҪܶ˭жǿ
Ҷһ˫ĿĶŰҫţҫҲηĶҶϵЦ쳣š
ˣȰ㣬ȻѾˣҲ޻˵ֻϣܰҸæҶ̾˿ҡͷ˵
˵޷ҫ΢Цͷڵ
Ҷ˫Ŀ£ϵܰг˾֮⣬˵
ҫ˳Ŀ⿴·ⲻãһ֮ҫסˣ漴˫гһ죬ǲû¶һַǳаЦݡ
СԭǸɧȴ˵ýˣҲãҲҶæһðҫͷתķɿ죬аЦݸаˡ
İɣҵãҵȻᱣˣιֻΪ˸̸ĵİɣҫһаı飬ֱı飬ڵ
ҶҲع񣬵˵ͷ˵ȻǣͶġ
ɶҵ֪ҵˣҫ͵һڵ
ڰҫ׼߹ӵݣĺܳףΪ̫֪Լļ屳ñ˴ż˵ԼǶ棬ðҫƽľ֡
֪˶ߵļֵܣҶ˵ЩŴУԼӦòʲôˡ
Ҷ˵ͷָָĻľȺڵħ׹ĸ£Ҵʣ˵齨ʱõš
ɶ
ҫĿɿڴе㲻̫ԼԼĵҲ̫ͨ˵ɣԼ齨Ĵ㣬Ҳոճ֣ôǾôĪ֪ˣһĪҶʣĴеת䡣
ҫͷ̫Ѩ׵ô֪Լ뷨ģԼֵҲ˵ʵѽĺܣɽҶȴӻͳһţݸҫڵ׹ĸ˵ˣ㿴ţͻˡ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ӹżûöͷϵʮ֣ϵƤͣҶܿҫĶͷǺߡ
ôдģҵıӰﶼ㰡ֻǣҪħϲŶҪ齨һٸ֧֣Щ㶼ȥҪȫ֧㡣ԺʲôﻰҪ﹵ͨ׵ӵϣҪ׶֪
лǸСܲҶǳ⣬Ľݷ򸾸ҲȶûôˣʹȥףôľˣҪСģа˽ʱҲҪСģ֮һСĲУ㰡
ҫ֮󣬵ͷ̾Ϣһڵǹ
ͻȻҫ쳣Ľż˺˸۷飬漴׵ҲС˰Ͳһ˵𣬻ңɶ񰡣


һٶʮ 䣡
ҫ̫Ѩõȱ֮ǰҪܶ࣬ڿСд֮˶е㲻ˣԭԼһһǶ˵ļ£ͷʹ൱ͷʹ
˵ʵڵģԼ˫׹Լһֱﱻ˼ŵĸоܲãǳĲãΪϣԼ˽˿̽ʹԼĸҲܹ
֪Լ׿ͨǿп̽ԼģԼֲַ˵ʱеˣѡϵĳ嶯ǿĸպսȻкܴӰ죬ҫֲá
ΡߡơΣʲôУʵ˵ܣֻݡ
ˣˣúΪȥֻҪﵽͬΪôҲ̽ˣﰡǲʡģҫ̾Ϣҡͷεҡҡͷ˵ʵڵģʼеоôԼĸһ˶ôס
ҫ˵ж¶ҾˣʲôôҶ￴ŰҫץģεĿš
ҫ΢΢һЦڵæҲôʱȥ˵Ҫأ
ʲô£Ҷʵҫ΢΢һЦʼ磬ָָ濪Цȥ˵ɣ
ҶԵ˵ͷ̧˸ָپ߻ľ񻺻׹֮ҫľҶĻľپߣ˹㳡ѹѹһƬ׳ۡ
ҫҶܰǰǣ֮ɫҶ˵֪ܰҶôڣھʱҶֱ̻¶ˣڶ˴ʱǷǳΡ
ҫתת漴¶һֲЦڵɶأֲǵһμˣøİƵĸɶ
԰ҫĵЦ˽ûĺһۣϬĿ⿴ŰҫֱҲǿŹŹŹֵֹİҫһãȻ
ôţܺã
һһҶܰͬһʱ䣬ͬһֿ˵ģŶεĴк֪֮ʲô˼ˣЦ˳Ƴһ۰ҫ
ҲĿЦͷᣬͬʱ¶һֲЦǶ˵жһҪý˵ĳ嶯
Ҷ﷭˷ۣÿҲ֪ҫʲôһ˲磬漴⣬ڵҫո˵ʲôҪң˵ɣһбҪȥɡ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ͷ΢Цڵ˵㣬ȥһ˵ĵطѾͷ˰ѻľڵжõֿȥ
һãȻʵʣôʣ
һٸͣСãҲȥæɣҫһͬʱֶܰ˵
ܰҲ棬ǿҫû˵˼ҲûʣһȥжˣҫҶ֮ǰ鷿ӣһ˵һ䣬ŵĻûнġ
еģҺܶ࣬ʲôҪôҶҲߵǰ£˵ͷ˵
ҵѣҲʲôˣаѾ״ݻĴңҴձĴҵĲвú齨Լɽŵ̳ҲŪ̫ۣҴŪһٵɽţ̳ڰҫҲ٣ԭԭȫг
Ҷ͵һܱҫӦģɰҫǵûֱӸԼкο˵ͷڵ˼޷ҲǽɽŰһԲؿռô
ҫһ˵ͷ΢Цûĵص㹹룬죬ǵأ
Ҷüڵָ֮ϣǵ֮£
ҫһҶ˼˵ʵҫҲȷûĶΪⲢս࣬ԼĻأǽõĻ
ֻǳƫţƫŵ֮ûӵУʹҲ͵͵κ֪ڰҫû˵ҲֻǱһԵ̬ȥʣ˭֪УҶ˼УһǺ֡
ŻʲôУ˵˵ʲôģʲô֮ҫһ裬Ҷƣ΢Ц˵
ҶҲ豭һڣһò裬ɤӣ˵Ҫɽŷŵ£еؼƷĻ䡯ҪɽŷŵϣеؼƷĻôѡˡ
ҫ˫ĿɵĹԲо⾡ԣ΢ЦؼƷƷȥʲô˲õĵطô
ԼɣҶһСӣֻУҫ
ҫ˳ֽһںȲҶ漴򿪾֮ᷭҫԽԽûӣ˫ҲʼžΥʮ״仯
ֱֻǵؼƷ䡯ԼؼƷͼףĹ÷ԼԵͣſҲҫ˷ܵԭ
䣬ʯ״꣬ͨɺսд죬ҪڵڿһͿռ䣬ȻıܳſԵ֧ſռɴﵽĶľ˷Χǿĺˡ
ǿȿɴﵽһ뻯ڴȫһҹδƣһȫλǵķðҫϲǣǿĴƶݵǰеġ
Ҳ˵ĵ̫ǿĻôֱӿ佫ݵݵǱߣѡפص㣬Ҫţϼѣݵ㰲ڣ䰲ȫҪͨ¶ɽǿٱֹ
ҲðҫĳȵһͨʯǱȺʯҪӲʯ죬Ӻˣɾܵ뻯ڴһ춼δ𣬷֮ࡣ
Ӵ״ǧɣɣڲп˴´࣬Ҫһͷɿǿģҳ˷ǿ⣬йƷ׸߹һƷܸǿ
ֻܷܹԣԵñȽȫˣǾͲ˵ˣǿǸ뻯ܹƷ뻯޷ƿڹֶοǲ١
ͷ˫ĿͷܹſһڿڣӶڵ϶ö˫צ˺Ͻͬжҷɿĺôǻǿ޴ȥ
ҲҪܷɲУȫҪĵϾӵΧˣΪǲɣԼԶԵϵĵչĴһãʵõĺܡ
ҫϸǳϸĿţ˫ְסͷָͷ÷ףĳȰͲûˣʵ̫θˣԼȱľı
ʹˣ׼أҫһҶеľᣬڵ
ҶԵ˵ͷǳʦֱʣʦҴġ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ڵҪ齨ʦҲ֪ˣ
ǰ׹ĸ¸֪ģҶ￪ڻص
ҫüа̾ԼĸĸǴͣ˭˵תһ룬־ԼĸĸȻ֪ҶʦôԼ϶аһģô˵Ҳǵİš
ҫ⡮䡯롮Ҫһʦ˵ˣҪκһȥþͿˣҪʲô꣬ҲŶɣҶ￴˰ҫһۣ˵
ҶҲԼʦΪʲôôְ֧ҫ˸ʶδ棬ʦǶ԰ҫмӣǿأԼĻױʵеѽ⡣
ҫͷ˼Ƭ̣漴Ǹ߸𣬿ڵҶҪˣһҪ


һʮ ңô
һҫҶｻ̸ãֱʱ򣬶˲Ŵ鷿ֻ߳ҫЦ棬⣬ҶҲ΢΢ƺлϲ
֮˶ϲ֮ɫܰǰҫ΢ЦĿ˶Ůһۣ漴תͷҶЦôǾô˵ˡ
Ҷ΢΢𣬵˵ͷЦ˵û⣬ҪĶһ׼ãʱ
ҷҫЦҶļ򿪿ڵ
ҶüҫĴĿ漴ֱһű԰ҫ΢΢ͷ漴תͷܰ˵Сһ㣡
ܰһ̾Ϣһ˵ͷͷ­ϸŵ˵Ҳǣ
ᣬܰԼе⻰ѿڶģҶףԼ԰ҫ˵Ҳĸ飬ʼ޷£ҶԼĸ飬ԼҲã֪ô졣
ܰ΢΢µͷ­Ҷε̾һǰߵĻˣĺ֮һϲɼܰǴµͷ­һ֪ܰ԰ҫеνϲǲΰ룬һҲ֪ôˡ
ɵɵ㣬Ҷ͵һ㶣۽Ƴҫǰҫģҫʱְҫͬʱ¶һֹܰͣȥ
Ҷһ̣ſ˫۰ѻûлعܰӵ뻳Уһܰɴ˫ĿסˣķĿҪ⣬ɾҪƿҶʱ򣬺ɿͷҲصת뿪һܰıӰ
ҶߵĻľǰһԾľıϣ漴Űҫһȭ˵ڣŹ㳡پ߻ľֱշȥ
ҶŻľ̲֮ס𣬵ţҫлˣ
ʱ㳡֮ϣҫһ۷ߵҶֿһ۴ԭصܰͬʱз˫ۣ࿴˿¶һֶħ΢ЦͬʱϷ
Ȳ˵ҫ뷨ܰʱûƽϢƣһ˫ˮĵۣôҶʧߡ
ԺܻңҶǿݵףԼҶھʱľϵԺȥʱ飬֪ô£ոһ˲еǸң
ܰҶ֮İ޾ҲֻһСˣڽļҫæĲɿ
ȣ½ˣҲвҲԤе˺֮ܶ࣬ǰ˵һʮңʵϹȴֻصһңҶбõĽɫ
ҫ֪֮Ҳûʲôֻ˺úðҵˣԼֵܰǰȥ̸Լļƻˡ
ҫļƻҲõ˵һϿɣֻҪԼƻеϸڽдѿذˣһ㣬ҫֵҲһȻۣȻҹ鼤ңɰҫİȷδƻ
ĴҵĲвѾҫݣ϶֪˲ֻ֪࣬ҫԼߵļֵܣ޷ˣ֣ȥԮĴңȻĴɱ𣬵ҫ˵ΪҲ˴Ҳ𽥵
ֻǣοɲֹǰҫһ˳ߵֵܣԼ֮ˮǴߣĴ˳
Ĵұҫݺĵ죬ĴҲвиֶᵽ˹㳡֮ϣӸֵ˵Ҳֻаٶ˶ѡ
һĴңǷֱ˴ʣµĸҲֻôˣٶˣʮʥǲ٣ֻ˶϶һǷ֮ȻǶԼűʵһʱ仹ܲˡ
ʱ˵ҫлҪ˵˲Լͬľۼ˹㳡֮ϣ˽ͷӶ֪ҫҪ˵ʲôǲɲϣȻڰҫǻǷǳмģҲûĻ⡣
ҫ˳ǰʱ㳡ϵĽٺ˶¶֮⣬յİҫϴʥ££ŭƲ
վڰҫߵǹ١ҶġָУվұߵ°˴߳һ信һεǣ㳡֮˲ѻȸ
ҫ˫ָϹž޲ȥֳȣһȻĸо˫Ŀ絶ɨǰ֮촽΢ڵڳλһ⣬аǼôô
ҫĻ˼ͷ­̫ҿҫϬ˵Ŀ⣬ô£ĺ£аʵʵ̫ǿˣǿǲò¡
¹СʥΪټаԼаӶǿĺˣ˵ʵڵģûаҫ˵ľԮĴһ˶ܲҪ𾡣ҲĴҵĴڡ
ҫ˵ͷһİ֮ɫ漴̾ϢһڵǵӾ֪ˣǺ£ҷǳ£ʵ˵ɣӦ£ΪаʵǸʸ£УҲ¡
һֳȻһƬû뵽ҫȻ˵ԼҲˣⲻҪʿҪʿƵģҫߵֵҲһãȻ֮ɫ׷װĿתҫ֮кɻ
ҫ̧ǰѹѹְҫ΢΢һЦڵֱаĶսֱа񡯳޼ǿԼǾʥǵǿҲò¡
Եһҫ⻰˵𾪲ѣҫʵҲǺǿҲֻǶԣ۷Ϊ񹦵һӹ˵ǰͬȾĸ֡
ԹĿаа񡯳޼ɲаԼаʥǿɶ뻯֮ĴͨߣͶ㶼֮ͨܣ֮ģⷽش۷ĸ֡
ֱͨ쳹صĸ֣ҫܻڣѾ㹻𾪵ˣֳٴαһƬ˵˶̸۰ҫôģɻ֮ɫ洦ɼ
ҫʼմ΢ЦǰˣһȣףƽϢɧң漴˵£Ҳ£ôһ⣬аʱɪɪĹǰҡβаƴףƴҲҪҧһ
£ааû˻᲻µģûµʧȥǣҲûµû˵һ֮ʱаҡβܻĻһȥǵ໻һͶһ˵汳Ұҫ׼򣡡
һ㶣漴¶һּݣ֮һƬû£Ҳˣʱ£ǱƼˣǹɵȻȻľͻᱬ
аѾǱƵ˽䣬ôΪ£ΪųӶһһҡβĻȥǻȥҧаһΪ鲻Ϊȫ
ڳϰˣ˶ѪڵķһǼˣʲôãȥȥãǳ˵뷨
ֳȺ鼤ߣҫһְ̧֣ҫһȻ˵һ䣬ô
£ڳ
ҫ˵ͷ˵븴ô
룡
ô֮·ɣҫ΢Цͷ˫Ŀ⣬¶һֱ˵ƣʮ㡣
ҫһ䣬ǰٶˣˢˢĵϥأȭס棬һȣ춯ء
׷ҫǣ


һʮһ ˲
ҫһݽνǵĴиֵ뵨ԼеŻĻ˵ν˥ʤˡ
˵ȵʱһ˳ӦøʲôӦøʲôĻô˽㵱ɾ
ҫôһǡôʱ£ĴҵĲв˶԰ҫ˳򵼵Ӷ԰ҫհȻ˵ʵûжǿҫκһˣܽǺɨ
ǰҫţΪڲõĽһѷɫаӴаһ̣ʵ֤ҫȷˣ
ǰĴҲвպ£ŷɥġǰҫеһѼ⵶һһа̸֮ɫǺ󻰣Ҳ
ҫһݽĴҵĲвʿΪǣĴˮݵģ֮£ҲЭΪԺĸ֮·һȥŬȥƴǵһ֧붯Ǿǰҫ
ʱҫоǲɶҡľ֧ҫĴڶ˵ȫԳƵ֮ôǷȥôǱĥ֮󣬽Ա̸ʲô𲻸ˡ
ԣҫлţ˵ҫǵ죬ֻҪҫһ죬ĴҵĲвΪ졣
Ǻڽµһжڳźõһ淢չҫļƻҲѾ˵һڶɽŵĸĽҲȻĽš
ϵǰԭɽׯĹģнģҶѶϢû͸¶缸û֪ҫΪδųֵ׼Ҳǰҫ˼ڰΪ֪ǲзΪжа
ʵһҫҲЧаģа壬Ҳ͸ɽֻ̳֪ںδ
ҷֲݵ㶼ǽﲻ֪¶ٸؾݵ㣬֮Ӵ󣬼ֱţĲɽ¶ˮʱ˿̵ƽһףаڰ׼ȵľǽյһɱ
ҫʱ뷨аҲǲıϣԼĵƣ㹻ǿʱһٱԷһֲ֮ƽԷ
԰ҫҪԼϲκ˹вȴǲͣ׳ֱһаΪֹ
ɽŵѡַϣһҪΪΣεΪ֪УҲǰҫ뽫䡯롮ͬʱŪֵԭΪɽһΪ
ڵأ죬ֹһһ֧Ԯʹκһ˻һҲܶɽ𣬲ڱһѶˣǰҫ˵Ľˡ
Ǻδҫ˴ĴҵĲвڵǧ״ٿռ䣬ðСó
ҫֵʱչֳĲܣҫΪϲû뵽Լ⼸ֵܣ˴⻹˶о
ڿٵص׿ռʱ򣬳°Ҷ˵ĳ󣬳°ԿʯķֱԼʵ̽ĵãҲĴ£ǧµĵصҵһʵλá
⴦λ÷ǳر֮ŴĽʯΧֻ˶ͨ͵ʿܹͨУһǺ«һ㣬ǰڽľѵΡ
ų°ע֮ͨ󣬿Ҳ쳣ĵӦ֣ӿٿռһ棬°ǰ˴æ°ĲҲҫ˹Ŀ࿴ڶ˹Ŀ࿴ǹ١
˵ʵڵĹڶԽϣһصļ⣬ڰֽϹδص׾ݵϸṹĺλãΧķʩеһжһŽṹͼչ˳
øҫʱҫȫɵˣǹϵģû뵽ƽﲻЦҶеһƴĹ٣Ȼܣʵ˸е˼飬ٵķӦȴǺܵȻдĸ֣ټ֡
һ˹Ŀ࿴ľҪҶģȷ˹Ŀ࿴һأſٵ˹Ŀ࿴Լһëʲ
ȻɷϵǣҲĿţŰѰҫеԴŵľƱĵرÿһﾡãеĶһŷ֮󣬷ӳþԱȰҫ˺ҷҪЧĶĶࡣ
Ҳسʵҫ˱˷ǳһµ뷨ǾҶһļ̣κԴϣԻõ󻯵á
齨ɵĽţĴұ˴֦ͬϵķǳǢǢʼе㲻ָˣĻ˵⵹еĴһҵƣҲǺһϾĴҲвˣҲõ
һţҲڽܹĵæµţҫ˽Ĵҵĵһʱ򣬰ҫԼֵܣԼ˵һϼϾ̨شҪȻ棬ҲǵͷӦ
ҹǲգһãȻְ̨ҫûееĺĸˣҷ׷׶ڲ²Űҫʲô

˵ȵе㲻ͷʱ򣬰ҫ߳ϴ΢ЦмŲ̋ף¯ʽƷ
ٽߵʱ򣬰ҫתͷˣ΢΢һЦڵˣ
˴һЦݣ˼뿪ˣҫһУ͸ʽƷӶЩʽƷƮȻ𣬻Ʈǰ֮ãҫԽԽӦ֡
һȻæµһ£ҫҲû£ÿϵ˯ʱ䣬ҫˣԽԽã֮ɣͶżĸãֻԽԽãʵҲһľ
ҫǰ֮һЦҫ磬ʵ־֮ɶˣ
ҫ΢΢һЦСԴڵĳˣ
΢ЦͷҲͬʱһ֪Ĵڣҫһ¾ͽ֮ﵽĳɵˣǷëǴڣ˲òҫ츳֮ߣȷ֮
ҫЩУҹĽǹʲôҪ°˵һҪȥأҶƲƲ죬һ۰ҫпһЩʽƷе㲻ͷ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦҲ̻ػֻԹԵĽЩʽƷںãó˸ŷŵϵʱ˶ʲôˣһ㶣漴¶һֻĵЦݡ
ҫŪһ֮תͷЦλҫֵܽʶҹλֵ֪ɷ񣿡
ʱҫֵܣԼ΢ЦͷҲ˵ʲôԹԵ̨ǰһ룬ľƵ룬ɰҫͷ˫ϥ֮ϣװƵĴɱٹǰ̧ͷ׵¹⡣
ϣ£Ұҫ
ң
ң٣
ң°
ңҶģ
ң
ңָУ
ң
ɴ˿𣬽ΪֵܣӽиͬͬͬͬͬͬͬͬʳԱģ𣬲ú
ҫȵ漴ľƺȸɣ֮ӴЦһ𣬰ΪֵܣִСָ֮СҶġҫ°СΪ˵ۡ
ĵܣҫȻѾôպ󴳵ҲҪиһŰɣǺҪŶҶЦĿڵĻҲõһµͬ׷׵ͷѡ
ҫ˵ͷתתǸ߸𣬿ڵͽа˲ɣ
һ㶣˲߶˼䣬оҲ˳ڣҲƵģûʲô飬˲һ̿ʼӦǰˣδڽдһδ棬һǵĴ档
ڰƪֵšᡣ
ڴ
ھƪа


һ ǿƳأںϣ
ºĹ⾰ⷽجΰİ꣬ɴˮ֮У̻̲գһеףа
˵аˣΪȫҪΪУΪУҲֻ˵˵ѣȥаΪУƵһͶӶҡβˣЩҽġ
һЩ˵̫飬ĳЩ׽ֻһαչѣЩ˵鲢࣬ȻҲֻӹ˶ѣаֿʲô
ܶ࣬а̤֮һƬȷѪ꣬ʱգаӵ֮һİͼ
֮һôһʡһɵΧûж٣Ƕ˵㹻ˡ
ǺΪ˶аĲɷ籩εԼͷϣ߳ˣ߱аѹ֮󣬷ˣɷаƽ֮󣬷˳ˡ
ＫطаҰģȻأڵ޷ƥ֮£һʼΪͬˣ֦֮ͬ£а֮
ʮҴСһɵķаˣԪѽһ죬Ͽ񷸮ַаƣηаƵķˣǲ񷸮ĸ塣
ʡ򣬾Źɽԭɽׯɽš
١°ָСҶģվһСɽϵĶԺУͷӶĽ̸ţ˵ǰһռƽ׵İԲʯҡ
ʯͨʯ죬ṹϸǿΪƣʯǰҫרõıչ֮أǰҫԤõĳ֮գҲӣȴҫƹض
ã˵ĵܣҫʲôʱܳذԤʱ䣬˰ʱʲô°ɣҶĺĶڵϣָڵϱȱȻͷҲصš
Ҳ֪ҫ˵ǽʱֳصģΪӦóʲô°ɣҡҡͷ̾ص
һǰĵܾѾ֮ɵųɵĵزˣӦҪԲ͵ľɣĵܵ츳ΪӦܹɹģٽӹ磬˵
УǿĵܵĿһһΪ޹صĺòһʧ󣬶ĺд˵ô򵥣ҶƲƲ죬Сֹţѻ컹ֱüֱӳƨһţԹԱˡ
ˣѻ죬˵䣬̫ƽĵ֮ܳҪúһµĽĹ滮Ƿаһ£Ҫóһƻ֣ǵɣҪи׼ȷĶλСָеһ۲ͣƨɵҶģ˵
ţǸúúüƻһ£λֵܣǸǾõˣ
Զʯڴһ㶣漴Ц棬ɾһ̣˵ıٴγ˱仯Ӿϲ㵡
ʯ֮ϵգԭƶȻ䣬ת죬Ѫһֱˣ˸æ˹ֿͻȻһֱʣ纣Ϣ𺣷ϯԲڵĻƒɢƬȾ˰֮ɫ
⻹û꣬ճһƬ֮ʣʯҵıͬɢһƬˣƥӿ֮໹͸¶һɳѹĺ֮ɫҪԶһЩʱ˾״ʱӲͣסˣԵüΪ
ʱյһƬڣһеĻ𾢣·һֻεĴָץ˻ת˲ۼʯ֮ڣٴγů⣬ҲǺ͸¶һɵ֮
ʯ޴ʯŻתƵ춯ҫһϯʥ£߳Ĺ⾰û̫ı仯
Ҫ˵ûб仯ҲȻҫ˵ĸоһڵеıǰǷâ¶ز¶ԸĪ֮⡣
ֻҫ˫Ŀ鶯է֣漴أ˿ȥƽжƽİҫƽģΪǿѾе㿴͸ˡ
ҫ磡ۼҫ֣һһЦݣ˽ҫĻУҫҲº͵΢ЦԴǸ㵣ˣ
ĵܣΪεȵزˣӣǳɹ֮ԲҲѾ֮żˣüʵ
ǵģҫĽƿǣǰҫͷ΢εĻص
û򵽵֮ôᰡո־󣬵ȷ֮ıѽ°üҲĿҫ
ҫһ߷Űۣһ°ͣڻصҰѵ֮ҲɵԲˣ
ʲôͬķ˸̾ٶԾ֮ɫ
ҫǰֵһ۵С۵ģаЦͬʱҲ겻ѣʵԼڽ֮ųɵʱ򣬾Ѿ˵֮
չصһԭ֮˾ųɾţ֮ɻȻôڱչصʱˮɣ֮ɵķɿ죬ԼһǳɼαӣֱսҪʱİʱǰ֮Ҳɵ˾ųɾţԼеĪ
ȻҫԸȽѣ벻ףȷŵһߣȰǰ鴦˵Ǻ֮֮ͬʱɵųɾŵĳ̶£ҫƶΪͬʱͻȫɵԲĳ̶ȡ
ֻҪԲһһںһ֪ں֮ȻҲͻĵ׶Σ֮顣
֮Բ԰ҫʵ˵з츲صľзûˣȫԺɨ
ʹˣҲƥУԳ񾳵ʱ򣬰ҫҲ±Ȼǿ϶򲻹ģ׾ٵġʱ˿̵İҫ뵱ʱİҫȣԨ֮
Թҫ֮˶˺һ漴ҡͷЦ﹦뾳綼ŲСĽ
°١Ҷ˶֮ɵ߳ҵĳ̶ȣʣµָСҲɵɵĳ̶ȣ˵ˣǰǿ˲ֹһڵԼȫԲʽ򵱳Լ
ĽҫеС׼ˣΣҫѾԽԽԶˣԼٲŬĻôҫıӰˡ
˱ˣĵܣ֪㻹ʱ򣬾ͺú۸һˣڿɺãҶǣһַǳԹŰҫϸдʡ
԰ǲҪŬܱҫ˦̫أЦ˵ҲǷ׷׵ͷ
ҫ΢΢һЦһˣڵ˵°ɣһʲô·ô
Ȼһ˲õĴأָзۣٺֱЦԸһ㶼û䣬ְְܵԸַֹϣҫ鱨һ
˵ҫ˵ͷ΢Цʵ
ָһйʮɽ鱨ԼԪѽ֮ʱ۾Ͽ񷸮ַаƵ鱨ȫг˵񷸮ĸʱ򣬰ҫͬʱü
ʲôôָ˵֮󣬰ҫѲһۣʵ
֮ǰҲֹǾãۼ뻹ǲ룬ȥ֮ٴӳ飡ٳص
ҫ˵ͷڵͬϴΪۼΪʵǿⷴаˣں֮ڣǾӢ֮ʨɣҾǰ˲ҲҪͷУҪ
ĸ磬ô㰡ʵ
ҫֺǺǵĴСóһһ㶣漴ԼͬЦˣЦ൱һ£Цҫϵʲôһĺۡ


ڶ 񷸮
˲ǰҫųνԭеţǸÿ˵ص㣬ȻڿഫģͺñȰҫŻ죬Χϼ壬ϯ죬ҫӶôһš
ҫԼţᱻ֪ڰҫж£ҲЩеĺ֮ͽϿˡ
ǰ״ν˲ĸּ¼һڵġ¼ǡ֮˶֪˰ҫ˵Ĵڡ
ɾڸŸɣԼЩɢʿǣ֪졤ҫԼСɡ°˶ǰ˲еһԱνһʯǧˡ
ԭĲмһˣĿ˲ţϵĴ￪ǵҫˣɨанг׼𣬲аնɱ֮󣬰˲ĸ֣ڽԽĶ
ѾǹȥĽˣавһһҰʵ˵ԽԽ٣ǽ˶Ǳ²ؼ߸߹˽̬аŸɵûжˡ
ҫ˵һЩССɿһ˿ڰе⣬ǲھǵҫаԿ֮ʱЩʵ΢׷ҵҫѰӻ
ȻҫھŹɽҲȱ֣ȱĵԭЩʱҲǾɸѡġ
ҫܽԭ򣬵һ߲գڶб߲գ߲ա
ɵ˰ҫ°Ը񣬽ɵ˴ľȻѰӻɺܶ࣬ڳ°ϸѹ֮£ʮȥˣʣĸǾӢ
ǣҫ׳ˣԭĴҵٶˣѾﵽǧˣӵжɵʵˡ
ڰҫ˺ɨаУԼնɱаеж£ԵеϷ绯ˣΪеĶ˹ڿԴ󣬲ȵİҫ˷ڣʩΧҪҫ˰·ɱ
Ƕνƣڰҫȴǹƨǣҫ׾ٵĲˣ˲ûнɱɹǱҫɱһֲԭĹ䲻ҫ˳ƶΪһ׽Ǿ
ɸ˵˵аӻûһʡ͵ĵƣǷֱϰ˵ġ޵Ϊе֮飬֮ѾɵɵĵزǴﵽһӵΪϡް˷ʵ产ˡ
һġħģĵʵй֮޲֮Ѿ˽ңһַħϱƹʩչǿĺˣƷ񣬾д֮ǿҫӦҲǽͷö
˴Уҫ˵֮ƴ֮£Ǹҫ˲С鷳սǿǰļң˫ذ޹⣬òҡ
ҫ˵Ĵۣȫֻʣе޵ð䴩˫ۣҫһǰ嵶һ߱ͷ­ڡħģҶ˺˫磬һǵֽͷ­նɣڶ֮¡
ʣҫ˻ȥܰãȻܰĽ£ҲǸһֵĳˣһֵĴаҪͼ֮ˡ
սνǴģһа·޵ааȻҲܵش֮࣬ĳȣҫ˵жǸоаҲǲսʤġ
Ҳðҫ˵Ÿ֮ķаУҲǵһϯ֮أֵǣа˵֦ҫʱ߾ȻֱӾܾˣе㲻̫⡣
˵ǰҫ̫ѱˣû˷Ҳ˵ǰҫѲŰԸ˵ǲ
һЩ˵а˵ķˣҲǸ񷸮嵱˲İҫн٣ˮݣ˭Ʋ˭Ա˴˲мΪ顣
ִҲǿѨ磬Ͼҫδ֮ǰǿɽׯĵӣڵ˾Ͳ̫·
䲻˵֪֪Ҳ٣Ƕ֮һЩΪ֪£Ҳͳͳ˳ͼӴ׵ᣬԶﴫǿ϶ġ
Ҳ°ҫ˿ЦãҲùĵ飬Ҳ֮֮ˣаҲûбֻ̬̫࣬һ˼ĶԸаҳЧаֵڱҲ΢סаϷĽͷ
ȷа˴ĵĵֿаҫ˵ĻԸǿȻȫûа취аȣڰҫ˸Ǿ֣ǿɧɱ쳣ĵӦ֡
ӶԿа˵аҫİ˲ЧãÿһжܸаСʧ
аҲ֯ηֱҫȫУɱа֮󣬿ʼֻػԭеĵ̣û̫ռҲ֪ıʲôıơ
Ȼ֪аڰмƻʲôǷаһʵԵĽչǴϷаؾݵ㣬ɣһ飬ɹ˿أһ壬ҲԪѽʱаƵҪ̽ˡ
պຣʡ򣬾ϿһǳĵΣȻϿȣǸ˵ĸоȻ͵ģǱĳһһɽ
ΪϿߵɽڣ⻬羵ѰϿǰ㰼͹ƽϿľͷǲ񷸮ɽš
񷸮ʥãƮƮ乥ռ֮󣬸ĵ֣˼ܼ򵥣˵ԼڲǸһְԼ˼
ȻҲû˹ֽʲôһʵΪͬˣֺҪҪÿʵҲͦбµġ
ƮƮ˵£񷸮𵱳ʥãģʮֹڲĶִԭǿʥֱӷһ񾳱ȱȽǣͽǾ֣ʵС
񷸮ǿĸַĪ⵽а̽Ĳ񷱦ѱ¯ĵزӡһ߹ɾ׾Ϊãâƥ·һ㣬
µĵڶ֣ȴǵǵԵƮƮյƮƮʵɷܱȣΪҫѹ̫ʥã񷸮֮ƮƮ㷢ͼǿûûҹĿչء
νйϷ⣬ƮƮȻ츳һ㣬Ȳ塢ҫרĿ̿࣬ΪȻһǧ
䱾Ѵ۷壬Ѿ֮żĽɣʾҲʽȱһʽûͨʹƮƮĽҲһһǿ񽭺ͬȾУҲֻССɡ֮Ტۡ
ƮƮ֮£ǷΪãÿ˶ŶһʵȲƮƮڽҲкŵĶ֣ÿһ˵ľ綼۷֮
񷸮ӴȲЩһɣȲʮ󳬼ǵͷʶǱʣܹ֮һӦɷаˣΪһ˵ĹϵһıһˣҲʦ
񷸮ң˸磬˵ǸӣʮַаƵӣԽյҪʢװϯԲܶ񷸮
Χװµ壬Ե緢ѲǵëͷСӣ˼ֳȣ˼Ȼ¶һݰ֮Ѳͬն
ͻȻһͷҲصĵЦʦãͦ簡ɣ
ӦƮƮ߽ڣʱƮƮҲ첻٣ֻǺЦϸʦ֣ʮŶˣأ
΢΢һЦ˰֣ȥתƮƮ΢Цܺã֪ǵСʦܣô


 аƣˣ̲
ԪѽڣѰ˵ؼԲӣӦͬڵ֣֮ȻֻѰնԣڽɶԣǸӣǹ̷аƵĴӡ
а˭Ȼаռⷽرָˣıѩѱ֮⣬⣬Ѿûбɴˣʡе޷ִСȫΪаľݵԼá
ǿҪһͳаȻӦֻа̫ǿˣʹ꽣Ʒ¹أս뻯ܲսֳս˸е־塣
ȣײʿͽûһͨˣ˾磬һʥһ֣ǧһɵľӣǲƥеģһʮ󳬼ûκһ
ȻǸ߲սԼаĵ̣аСħ𡢶ʹʥ滮
½֮ҶһĳǿߣȻѾҫ˺ɨ𣬵˭֪а᲻УϾصĸ֣ʵ̫ˣൽ˵
аչֳԼʵֻ֮ɨƽ֮˶ʶһ㣬޷Կֻڶϵһп֮ƥС
ڲ񷸮֯£˷аˣ˽ʱյķаƣʵճ˵а˵ķߣĲ񷸮Ӧûʸġ
ϾʮгһҲа˼ңΪ񷸮ĸȴֻﵽ֮ԲѣĳȣͲһȼģʵ˵߱ʸ
ƫƫʮɾôĸԸĵǲ⵱еҲ
ȷûʵϵʦȴʵǽʸϵǰ˳ơʤ𡯣ôģΪʤǰսʤ
û۶ֵʵǿǱֱܻʮǰ޹ʧ٣𼣣سǸһ֮£ȻһӦ
ΪʤΨһĵӣôûʸ񣬵Ϊ˷а˵ĸֻʮţһϸ׳Ƴȴδػ
Ͼ屾ʵޣΪ˵ôٻɣ⵱ĴģҪǿ˼š
˶ǳ񾳵ߣһ񾳵СָӣﵱȻʹ죬ֻεĺãûб¶ѣҲǿʤ𡯵ӶѣĻλãǳ˵Ρ
Ҳˣεķаᣬûеô˳Ҳǵһ㣬ҲԼİ취˹Թ
񷸮а˵ʮţߣһȴĵλİŮǰ˼ǿ񾳵Ĵڡ
üͷ΢壬ˮѾ˰ʱӰӣ΢е㲻ֻҲûнеԹ˵ڣϾ˼ҵĵ̣Ҳˡ
ûãһЦ٣һˣæʩǸЦǸǸ֮ǰʦҪ̸һᣬλǰõˣλǰҪְ
һ˼ʹԹҲûˣеֲЦˣο廹óʤ˵£ɮҲҪ棬Ҳ΢Цʾް΢Цͷ˵˼λ
֮΢ЦɨһˣʮûһˬԼȫԼᣬаϲȨĿԽľ
øղôֱߵڶλòŮ΢Цʵ
תͷŮӴݰףüĿ续˿Ȼ£סʹǰɰòȫչ˳Ϲ࣬˴֮һϹҼͬҲһ֡
ģʦڱչأаȫϣϹǰԼλǰܹа΢ЦصϹҲǲÿɷһЦ˵ͷٶʡ
ȻˣǾɣϷøⶨķаƣһԼĽ飬ֱ֪ߵһλ߰˰֣壬˵
ϵ϶֪ᳪаһȴɹмӣߣˬһЦڵīǰ˵ﻰаƣֻṩλǰοõģʲô֮λǰֱԱɣûʲôģʹǸҲһ
һ˽һ㶣У̧ۣе㲻̫ˬҪƾԼʵϸλǻãƾ衮ʤ𡯵λӣֻһǾǷа˵ֻڷĲ
ֻڳŸ˾Ȼֳ˵֮ҲǸЦٶԣ߷ԣǰ˴һǿһͬʱ˵ʵԼҲǿһ
Һɽһ𣬼Ϊ˹ŰԳУ缫ӲˮΪѴڣڹԪһѴǷ켫֮ڹΪӽӵĺȻز⹦֡ʵ֮ǿֱơʤ𡯣һɽׯׯҲֻһǸʸ峪
ҺɽƳһˣɤӣ˵øķаƹȻǺãһ㣬Ϸò̫׵ֻԺʽϷϣ⻹ûʲôҪȫ˳ҷаˣе㲻̫׵ˣ
Ŷкβ֮ʾǸ߸з˫ۣ΢Цʵ
Һɽһ裬˵齨ˣΪʲôΪ˶Կаռ޷а⣬һλӦúǡ
ǲҪͬ飬أɼʹǵԼģֻаʱҪһͳһЧķѡøļƻɲһӦ飬Ҫֻ֪ϣ̲
һ˽͵һ漴ʼ˽Ҳ΢΢üҺɽĻΣǷǳס
ƽ̬ȾܿһҰǲС˵ҲѣЩʱԴԼɵĵӳҲǴĿǣĳЩʱĳЩûи飬ֱ
ʵԹԣֻǰڰʤʵ÷Һɽͱƴֽһ˵ı񶼲̫ÿ
Ŀ⣬ҲţЦ棬ݳȵҲпȡ֮˰֣ʾ˰˿ֵĶҲۣͣȫת
ϵĻ˵еˣֻ˹ϵӹɣ֮ҪϷǿԹ˳֮УΪǵʱĲˡ̾Ϣһҡҡͷڵһ㶣Ҳ廰ĵ˵ꡣ
Ҫ֪а£ǱѩѱҲڲ͸УôһɢɳȥôԿǷа˵ʵҲûеаӲӲĳ̶ȣ㣬ŴҶ
а֪ľƣһ£ǿ¾ΣˣԷаǱҪʵеģǿ̲ݻǽϷγһ飬ôʹакξ壿
˵ֳ֮һƬ˾˵еа˿ȥȷʵǿֻԵģҪǸаȣ޷ƥУϾаʵ̫Ӵˣĸ㹻Ǻһˡ
۷׷֮ʣ⴫һЦøԲӣֻ˵˵ľƣûشǰĻ


 ƮƮĽսƣ
Ǵݶϴһ㶣׷̧ͷΨǰɷƵĺ裬ȫΪ
嶶˶ü⣬ЦԽԽƳһԵƮƮĵ˵ͷ΢΢һЦ漴̧ͷݶ쳣ȵη󱲣ͷ¶βСΣ
һ䣬ƮƮֱ֮巿ܣգ֮ݶѲҵľ룬ָֻһ̧һƬâ׾ٵĽݶͱһ׶ĿҲɴ˳ȥ
շ磬ƮƮѾͷʵоøôޣɷ˰Ϲ࿴ƮƮС¶һ֣΢Цͣ޵
⻰̹΢Цͷȭ˵èϹǰЦˣλһͬȥǺС֮Բѷ֪ɺã
Խ΢Цͷ˴Ҳǵͷͬ⣬Һɽеһ뷨֮ǰƵ˲аģôվҪһ
ΪԷ֮ǰĻƺƫ̻ԼһģĲһ뷨뽫Լǰʤ̨
˵ƮƮһߣݶ֮󣬳ǰһɫۣɫˣĶñڸ֮֮¶°ͣԷĳֻ࣬Ǵ°͵Ͽӡ
ѽ֪ͲˣλĵĲҪЦ˵٬ƮƮüͷвһ˿ŭ⡣
ҵϷС㣬ƮƮһŭȣָд⽣âź˷潣âݺύƥ֮дһ֮Ƽǿ
ʾɽӣ
ôݰɣֲɱ֮𣡡˹ֽһתûʮӰƮƮĽâ
һַǳصĸоȥܹδ֪һƮƮķâƮƮĽâ½ǶմϣÿһζֻܴвӰѣȫ޷˺
ݶϴȻ죬Ĺ㳡ʱͬźɫˡ
Χ˲񷸮ĵˣȴ޶ãݶϵսָָ㣬̸ЦԵ쳣ۡ
Ȥְ̧˰ڣʾΧ˵ĵͽ˿һԡȺȥʮ׿֮建½ݣ㳡֮ϣʮ֮ͣ˽Ų
Դ˺ðΣֻͷһݶƮƮ񶷵һˣ漴ͷ˼һЦ
ľٶҲǴɻа«ʲôҩ˳ҲãҲѯʣɵЦʲôʵǷѽúܡ
Ůˣˣؼ
ʱƮƮӷ£ǰ߼þգپһƷӥ裬Ųص֮УṦ֮ߣ˾̾
ؿƮƮۼǺת˲ʧСͨ죬ŭĿԲݺݵĵˣƺҧһŽޡ
ƮƮĲԼˣǾŮˣеֱӴܵͷгӦʣһէ֣ͨѩ羵溮ˣȻһα
ʤδ֣ٱȹƮƮֳֳڵһֱֱĳˡ
Ѿͷǲ֣ɣһ΢΢תͷЦߵһСȻһЦ˵ͷһӣâէ֣ƮƮš
ߣСƮƮЦһ׼öɨһҪɣɾڽһ˲䣬ƮƮԼڳ˽һƬʧɫǰ񾳶¶һ־ȵı顣
ˣۼƵģƿƮƮĽֱȡƮƮ˫磬һĻ˾ѣǰ񾳶ǰȲʣǵȻܿôһ£ǿ鿴⵱еַҲ硣
˵ʱʱ죬ۼâֱԼ˫磬ǸƮƮŭһֻʮɹӲϼǷɫԻ͸⣬ʵף·ƮƮһɴ£Ե쳣Ŀ

죬ɫ״ƮƮ׺ݺݵɣƮƮµһǰЦһһֱĳƮƮ
ƮƮŭ֮ǰöƵæңǰʧ棬߰ôܲŭгһšϸܵĽâɽһк磬ƥ׼˿ɶȥ
Ľŭ
ۼâǵصкһ˫ͬʱӳһӣһƬâƱһ˫ֻӶѹâ£溮Ƽ׳ۡ
绨ѩ£ľѩ룡
â뽻չֳһĳƮƮеĳ磬ǰ㵴֮࣬ʵڳ󣬲ԼĽƻƵΪأ൱Ǳ
˫ָ΢ЦĿǰս֣ȻƮƮľƲ̫ʣԺߵʵģƮƮҲûʧݵ·粢ûңĺʤġ
̰ʤ֪䣬Ϊƾ˾ѹסңΣƮƮһŭȣָ죬±һɼ产˵ǰ뾡ɨɣг΢΢𶯣쳣̶ƴ
һ٣࣬˫һиԶöΰ֣˱һɲƮƮĺϯ̹Ƿ纮ƾޱȡ
ߣҽһʽ֮£ٰƮƮ֮ɫһȣѩ׳ԲתÿתһȦᱬһ㽣ֱ֮ʣĽâƺˮһеĳˡ
Ľռһʽʡʣ
˵Ľâƻȳһѹ˲Ųæ̧öΰֻ֮ʱ΢΢һתöƿնһ°⣬켣Ѷ䣬ƿеĽâֱȡƮƮ˫˫硢˫ϥԼߡ
绨ѩ£ľ°䣬
˵İܿ죬ʵ̫ˣ쵽ƮƮҪзضöУôƮƮҲòзϣɾǧһ֮ʣ˵â˲֣顣
һֻǿĴַǳͻأĳƮƮץסļ򣬽һԣƮƮ͵һ֮һϲжء
ƮƮȻػҰɣֵ壬һ䣬ƮƮɵĵ˵ͷ˳ص档
֮ǰ˵ĺҲСߣļ򣬵˼䣬΢΢ͷ˺һ
˫Ŀ΢΢𣬶˵˫ֽӡֱʣ֮϶ʱ˵ĶĤһˮͰֱ£ϣƼ产ˡ
˫ָͦأϴŵ΢Цһӣһ𾢷񱬷𣬷֮ƺƸ໥Ʋ·磬ѷɫ١
ͬʱ˵˿ѹķһվվȣѹʮ֮ԶƮƮ˺üֳҲͰ񾳣Լ˲̩ɽΪ
ᵽ֮󣬶ͬʱһ˫Ŀű˴˳ȥںײ֮󣬻˳ŵɢܣ֮ͣţ
һɳʯ֮еļҶսûг֣巴ֶգЦ˶Цˡ
Сʦܣδͻͽ
Ǻǣ˴˱˴ˣʦֵľͬҹĿ࿴


 £ҫ壡
һСʦܣһʦ֣˶ɵۣһֿ壬ƮƮĿɿڴĿˡ
֪˭ˣ»ʦֵĳԼ⣬ˣһһǰҫ
ǰӦǰҫô֮ǰԼֵģӦþˣѹһɾ뻯ֺ쳣
ˣСʦܣװˣôҲаˣտʼһأǵ§ס˵ļЦ
˵˵ͷҿñǰҫҲͬñƿָС١°Ҷġ׷չ¶ݡ
ҫ¶ֳ֮һƬȻҲ֪λӸߺһǰ˲Ӧ
񷸮ͽ۷׷ףа˵ʮŶ໥ͷӶǰ񾳸¶Ŀ⣬Űҫˡ
İ˲ɲǵҫ˽ʱҫеİ˲ˣ֮ȷа˵Ϊⷽس˷а⣬ΨһһҸаֱԵȡһĳЧ
οҫ˵ʵǿ󣬺ŵ˵30µУƲа˵֣ǰ˲ĪһƽһǰʮУǰռһ࣬ҫλе
˵İҫԼֵǣνǷͷͷ죬ٽеһǰΪżΪĿ꣬ĳЩ˻ΪĶ֣˵аκӵֱ˵ǰ塣
ʱҫΪеħˣҫǿԼ츳еǹǿҵĲԹޣ򼫶ˣ´ʱ˿̵ҼҫһʱĪһͻ
ѧһȽϸļܣǾϲŭɫʹж԰ҫôɵװһϲ
СʦܣʦֵҲδԪѽڣһҪ鰡ŰҫļˬЦ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷͬʱֿƮƮҲ˵ͷƳ˰ҫһۣŤͷȥĽƮƮʼûз£ҫҲǲÿɷһЦŮһС㾡ƺ֮ˮϴģҫҲû̫⡣
ʱ۲ͣµĴһյģüȵˣµĳɺͳɢ˰ɣûʲôÿġ
ܲ񷸮ĵͽ巢ҲֻϢȥ״ŰҫЦЦʼ˵ЩӰƽǷọ̇̄ܽСʦܼЦˡ
ҫ΢Цͷʾ޷漴ǰʮţǰһȭҾڵ֮ǰλСЦλҪ֣оŵλǰҫλǰⲻˣ
㿴ңҿ㣬Ҳû˵ʲôǰ񾳣ҺɽǰһЦǺǣû£û£֮еģ˴ţ˴Ű
ۼҺɽףʮҲǿĲУʾްҫҲ΢Цֵ΢Ц
һԵȻ΢ЦͣȴǰϼһﻹǺ˱ˣԼ̱԰ҫȴмӣǸԼԡ
һ֮Űҫٴλص֮УΪڰҫǰʾԼȨ彫Ķʮ֧ߣֻ°ҫˣԼ񾳵Ĵڡ
ǶʮҲû˵ʲôǾֻǸӹѣڵ񾳣һЩҪԼֻҪ¾ˣһЩҪǲҲûʲô̫ĹϵҲû˵ʲô׷׸ǡ
ʮȥ֮࣬ҺɽԼֱߣҫֱߣ˴˶
ķʽҫ˻ûʲôǰ񾳵мȴǰüΪȻϿɰҫ⼸һʵûϿɵԸԼʸ
˵ҫʵҲԼӦԼλŶԣôˣе㲻̫ˬоеҫԼǵ˼
֮˼䣬漴⣬ҫڵСʦܣĲǼҷаôǵļ룬ҷаʿʵ϶мҶԸа˵ʤҲأϣ㻹Ƕ࿼һ°ɡ
£ҫ΢΢һЦҪػǰеһȴǳЦһڵøԲӣɷϣҫ˵ȷһг͵ٮٮߣʵԼ˵Ҳû˵ôҪɣ
һҫ˻ûʲôļֵȴǲˣüͷŭĿӣҶĴһЦݣԷЦǶԷаǲҪĴڣֲۣҿ㷴аҲ͸Що֮ûʲô̫˭ܺ죬ø˵Ļô
ҶĵĵĻһ˫أЦԲѷĳ⣬иǷûʵȨ廹ûڣȴǲˡ
ֻŭһԵĲ輸ָҶƿڴСʲôҲҶϷ˵Ϸ߽ʱﶼûأҪǽøڣϷھͱ㣡
УҲıһѣ֪񾳣ٹҶˣ츳˶ѣʱ䣬ָ˭˭أҶһƲͷŤһߣЦ
⻰Ķǿ˲񾳸Ǳɪɪ˫ĿѪ˿ؽҧиûǿԣ̧־һƺ˵Ʒɭīӡ͸ֱҶĶȥ
ӡļ죬ƷѹɭޱȣҶ˫Ŀ΢΢һҪ֮ʱһ׺âǰһӡ֮ϣӡһ٣ȻըѣǵâҲͬʱɢΡ
סˣȻԼŭȻҲСƽ̫࣬ҲֻѣȻֻɣ񾳵ΪҲ㹻Ѱ۷役ͷöˣҶļʹùҲҪྡྷˣʵˡ
ӡһָâˣԽܣæŤͷҫ̧ȭĴָָϵĲɢ֮ǰǵָâġ
ʵֹˣӦ˵ͬƮƮˣΪҫʵеȻ
ӡжǿǶܶĿƾûôˣֻһָâˣ͸ľˡ
ҫ۷֮һָâӡ˶Сư֣ƮƮ𾪣԰ҫļɵּ˼֡
һ𶼲ҫΪԼͻͽ˵ҫ൱ģɴʱ൱ƺе㲻̫ˡ
ʱҫһ˫ĿĶ񾳣絶˲ҫջۣ˵Ҳ˭ҲıжϣֵܣͱҪʹҰҫʹҽղ㣬һһյΪӦеĴۡ
ҫĻεƼ⻰ֵǶڣůޣʲôֵܣֵˣ˭˭һ̻ľԼֵܡ
ҫ壬ȼеĻͬʱŭĿӣҫҲͬʱǰƳһĲеĳ񾳣ҲͶԹĿ⣬Ťͷ塣
ʦ֣Ҹӣ¾ôˣһεĻȲ˵㷴аˣºҲˣҪ֪ǵͬӦаа˶˵ǿп޵ģˣʲô˵ɣ
˵ҫͷҲصĴֵ뿪ҡͷЦ£ҫˣκ첻Ը£ǲˡ


 ɢʤ
ŰҫȥҲεҡҡͷһ˷ԸúõдҫˣҪΪϱһԴ
һ˫ĿҧŭøСʦҷа˶ڣǺôļӰ
ˣ˵䣬ƽôʲô£б¾ȥаƴÿθǽҲϵһ˴Уһ׳ֻЦ
ȹΪСĺǼаľʬΪѴڣޱȣаһ
ֻʴʣбֵ¼£ͨ죬ݺݵĵ׳ŭȵ
ֻɽʡ񻢰󵱼ң񻢰ٽ⣬缫뺷񻢰Ľʮڣս֮սǿֻΪѴ۷壬ֻ̤ڵľ磬ʵҪǿһ
ۼƣֻҲǲǺƢһķ֣ŭĿӣȵʹӻ㲻ɡ
ұ죡
һŭȣźֻһתͷķȥкɽУʱž޲ƺǶԶ˵еĲ
кɽڰ֮еͣ˼зŭļ󣬴ĲҴԹԵı£忴һֱû˵ôĿкɽ
һΪǣ֪νҫǵ񽭺еſֵҲܼǣ绢ôһ֣˵룬ѣյķаҲˣ˵ɣкɽŭһкҲһȥ
ʼնһкɽȥҲֱкɽʧ֮󣬺ţҲû˵ôǼСѣڷôô
ǺǣǰСʦţյȷǲ̫׵ϣԺҪٷϾСʦܵˣеǲɮ濴棬ôҲҪҵӲ𣡡΢΢һЦ˰֣ڵ
һ˴һζȥֺɴȫֵ˼֮ǰкɽȴ쳣
תת飬忪ڵ֮ǰҵȷвԵĵطøʦܣϣøҪϣֻ԰ΪҲ̫øѽ
ô˵ǽе¸صǰһӦǣֻǽⷴаҲûȥˣҿɣλס£ªλҪֲǰҡͷ΢Ц˵
ʣһҲֻˣаǴ£аĸѹаǱҪóһʵеļƻУֻǽտҪɢˣϾôҲȻ˿˼䣬׷ȥˡ
ʱֻ֮ʣƮƮˣǰߺһ裬ʵƮƮ֪кܶҪʣʱʰɣ
ƮƮߵ£ڵʦ֣ҾðҫĴк
Ŷ˵˵һü⣬Ц
ڷа˷Ϊɣһ֧Һɽģһ֧ǵģҺɽ̬ȺҪҫԼ£ҫ˹ϵҫһƶǺܲƮƮ˻˲ˮһڣ˵
ѵðʦãԭҲӰҫİһΪǰһأһЦڵ
ƮƮûİһۣҡҡͷڵֲСˣǿ֣֮һܹǵжϵģյİҫѽȣòϣʵɲҲӣԴʦӦøǡ
΢΢һЦ豭һ裬Ƶ˵ʵҫǰ˫нõĺÿԸһòûᷴҪǵÿôȥöѡ
Ҳ״ʦ˼ƮƮԴʵ
ܼ򵥣˳ȻͶã΢Цص
ƮƮüҫĹϵͲ̫ãʱЩ£ҫ˵ˮȻԽʱյİҫҲĹ۲٣ǹû̫Ѱҫһ¡
ЦеĿƮƮ̫˽ƮƮôһˣ˵˾ĸ۸ڶ˵꣬ëҲܸĵҲֻԼĿһˡ
ʦãʵӭϰҫ㻹ԼԭôôӭϷȽֻҪĳЩʱһ㣬һ¾Ϳˣ£а취ӦŵЦݣƮƮ˵
ƮƮ̾Ϣһεĵ˵ͷ֪һʱҲı䲻̫࣬˰֣ڵˣȥæɣʮɼڴˣҪҶǵһһУʲôʱ֪ͨң֪ͨǾ٣ҪðҫǿĻ֮ǰЩ¾Ͳ̫ýˣպļƻҲӰ졣
ƮƮԵ˵ͷȥߺߵصĺ棬Ťһյ̨ƣغĵ滺γһڳĽݣ˳Ž¡
ݼаٽײֹߵ̨Ӧ𣬽˳ͨбͨصףͷһ俪Ĺ㳡ڹ㳡Ĵʮߴ׵̨ΧһȦ˸⣬ɭ֮дŵ죬Ĵһ۹ϥĿ
֮˵֣ʱΪòĺܹ֣üĿ㣬ںڣ۷üÿʲҰƤһţǺְߣޱȣüѩף·һٵĴĺˣγĶԱȡ
ޱߵǰҲ˵ʲôֱӵϥأĵͷ˵Ӳμʦ𡣡
˫Ŀſ˫ͫǣ˲ɣ֮дŵ·̬һ㣬һǵĸоʦ𣬰ʤ
ǸСʦܣ츳ʤ΢Цڵ
ЦʵڲҹάϾ̫ˣûиһº͵ĸоһֹĸоһ㶣漴ʵʦ𣬵֪ҫĲൽж١
ʤЦݸˣڵľΪеĵһ飬֮ľУ֮ҲѾ˾ųĵزԲҲ̫ԶˣǸҫ
ʤ΢΢ͣ٣治̫壬ܲˣȴǲĵĿڵʦֱԱɣ׼
ʦܰ츳֮ߣΪʦҲҪ̾Ϊֹʮͷ䣬ôزģʵ˷ѽ⣬ڵľΪѾͬʱԲֻҪںһܴﵽ飬֮ľʤ̾Ϣһ˵
͵һͫ׼СԽҪԽϳ˲ŭ֮ǰҫʱԷʵûõԼѾϰ˳ɹˣҫȫУԼ²һ֮
мΪʣԼŬ̿ıȲϰҫ츳ôʵȻпᵽֵزͬʱ䣬಻ûСԽԽԼԶҫ˦󣬻Խ˦ԽԶзǳĲʣһа
ʦӱҪҫѳ˵ӵħԽµӴҪӰ£ʦȫ˫ֱȭҾⷬҧź˵ϵı֮ɫ
ʤ˵ͷ¶һֹЦڵİɣͽΨһĵӣΪʦȻ£ҪԼΪʦ޷ٳɣǹϣΪʦǿһ֮֮ǰҵğoɵóأ
һ䣬Ǹ߸¶һëȻаЦ
ҫҲ㣬Զᣡ


 磡д裡
񷸮һĴլڣ԰ڵĲݵϣҫεĿǰעԼֵԼϯضΧڷŹϹ۽̸ʲô
ĵܣҫոպе嶯ˣʵһܱܵ˵ġҶĵԴ˵
ҫΪа˵ַһܸж侲ϸһַ̫ԣϾԼ˻ڱ˵ĵأ˭֪Щϵ϶᲻ԼСЬиʲôС
ҶĵҪ뿪ģǰҫȴִҪ£Ǹеɻ󣬾ʱҲ²͸ҫʲôⲻһҰҫһôߣʵϾʦˡ
ҫɨһ˺Ŀ⣬ƲƲ죬̾˵֪һܱܿܿ˵Ļôǰ˲պԷаʱϱȻһͷպƱػѹͷϣʱǵľƾ൱ˣǺģԼһͷ˾ʹģҲ֣պĺҪڻˣ
Խǵͷ˼ҶɵӣֻЩʱûаҫǵôԶѣʱϸϸĻоҫ˵ĺе
ԼֵǿһЩôа˵ֻῴԽѹ㣬ҫôһ֣طа˵˻ὫԼƽȶԴǵһСһ
ĸ磬ҲףǾͷҪа˺ôȫԵѽ˺ƣܶط֣ûôѽͷ˵Լǡ
ҫ˸ָ΢ЦҲŻԺʽȥԼ˸СµʱȫԶֻҪɼƻû˻ԼôֻҪͺˡ
ڣΪʲôҪ뷴а˺ɣһ´ңҾڵʵ㹻аô
һ䣬һ㶣漴һͷҡĸ˹ƵãԼ˶ˣҲˣҲˣչıȽѸͣѾٽһͲһˡ
һҪǸаɺƴǰϣһܸûˣǸʵĲֹһǰ㣬ҪаӲֻȻʵܲпᣬҲҪȥϣаȼһܳ·Ҫߡ
ҫ磬ô˵Ļҷа˺ĿĵĿգգ˫ˮĴۣʵ
ҫŵЦݣԴҼѾͷ
Сһ죬ͷǺߵģ使ģžգСŮ̬Ŀʤա
ͻȻҫоһɱӦɣתĿһԼֵɱڵĿԼ
Լ˵ٶŭˣŵӣʶԼٲͣٶҪ͵ˣǸæ֣εЦš
ˣĵܣҪԼȥ̸¡ָа˰֣һڵҫϰʼոĲˣԼҲǼֲˡ
ҫ˵ͷ͵͵һҲ֮ɫûİԼһۣҫ΢΢ʼ磬ʾΣ漴ɿһŵЦݿˣ΢ЦҵĿǣδһڽа£
Խһ㶣ͶãȻĿ⣬аҫθڣƺеˣаʮһģǿİ˼һǳһгģӴˣҪôһ£ѣ찡
ĵܣʱϻ᲻̫˵㣬Ҵӷа˵Ĺģ˵δ̵°ü˵
аһ飬Ҫ̲ȷ鷳ûʮܣǣа˲ûǿȥôŽᣬǵǿãҫ΢Ц˵
֪ǸҺɽͷĵܵǸʦеìŶҶǿһڵ֮ǰ˼ݶ͵Ȼ֪һЩĻ
ҫ˸ָ΢ЦûǿͻƿڣȻ󡣡
󣬰ҫֵԼĿŰҫҲ΢ЦͣҶ¶һЦݿڵĵܣǸа˹˹ĵӣû뵽һӻˮ
죬ıҾҵļƻΣ
˻һۣͬУ
ҫ΢Цͷʱһ˷˼ϯҫǰȥ磬ҫ˵ͷʾԼԼ
ȥ֮󣬰ҫϵʦְ㵽ʲôϷ
ҹĻ٣ҫãμ˲࣬ƮƮ⣬ǰ񾳣ҫ߳ϯֻаҫˡ
ҫٴμʱ߸ҫĸоʱȼֱˣϢȣ˫Ŀؾ֣ǿҫʱɽׯʱǹɰ̬ٴγ֡
ĸı䣬ҫȴûʲô̫ı仯аǼʱ϶ʲô£Żı仯
ҫ˵ǵߵҫǰ쳣ĸ߰΢ЦСʦܣôЩ£ҼǵɹѽǲӰɣ
ĻСڳһ㶣оϵܹŹ֣Ļǳƣһֿѵ˼
ҫҲоˣüͷ΢΢һ壬漴Цڵʦ̫ˣҪһ㣬ҵֵܣǴϵȻǲҲǿġ
ҫԴȻ²𣬵ڳЩ˾˵ҫл˼ԣ˶Ҫӵġ
ʱ˶һֿϷ̬עŶˣɣ΢Цֻ֮ͣУѾɱ⣬ܲصסߵƮƮˣһͺȵҫҪɫ㻹ԼΪʲôˣ̵Ǹ򡣡
ʲô°ܽв˭ĴƮƮĻЦ
û˵ķݣʲôݣҲô˵⣬㻹ΪҲ㲻ɣƮƮ˫𣬵һǳ⡣
˫Ŀгһ죬϶͸¶ɭȻĺ⣬ƮƮԾĴ˸ףǸ߸Ƶ˵ƮƮôұȼǰ֪ǻпԭ㻹֪ĻǴˡ
һ䣬ƮƮͻȻʲôҧ˵Լ֮ǰͷˣǵľԼȻ˼ݣҪȥǻᱻЦ
ʲôݣʮ󳬼֮һѩѱʥŮҲǵĶŮĽݷ򸾻ǳģοԼĶŮ
ʵȫĽݷеκһˣƮƮ壬ѷа˶УôΪѹİˣҪӣԼŮ˷ͷĻӿԣҫҲġ
ҫҲ֪һ㣬ԲûɷӣϵǣƮƮĲУʱƣü漴ƮƮ½ǣʾ˵䣬ҲǱҭû˵˺һʾ
Ŷ˰֪ˣҫüаЦ
С㣬ƮƮֱڿ죬ðС㣬С㺣ҪְԲЦ
ûôС˰֣Ը˵ʲô
尵˿漴תתҫЦСʦܣͷڽν찡ϸһУ̫񫣬ٸʦдУôʦҲʶʶľ񹦣ûдеô֪ɺð
ҫЦеĵ˵ͷڵʦʦܵҲֻ


ڰ һ壡Ҳоеģ
ĲƣҫǵûоܾˬӦˣ⵹ʼδģڳĳ񾳶ϳɾͷ˿ǿĵģôܿҫ֮Ǳڹϵ
˱˵ǣʦʦܵĽţ˴ʵϣ˵˶ŶԷȥʵҲࡣ
ҫûôˣֻǸ岻ͬ·ѣ嵹ǽȻ෴ҪҫΪҫÿζһʵϸˣＫȲƽ⣬뽫ҫⷽسĨȥ
϶ΪĳЩԭʵҪһԼ˳ҲЩǰ֪ԼǿȹϵģƾʵѧĴڣǾҿ㵽׽˶ٰɣҫЦ
ʦ˵ҫѾȫԲڽе֮ںϣо˵ҵñؾᣬֱҪȡ̵ʱｫ¡а롣
˼ͣԺвϵعžƵı仯˴֮ӶЦĹ㳡ϣƮƮҲϣҲͬˡ
㳡֮ϣ͵ҹ紵𣬴һ͸֮Уҫվǰ߱ȭ΢Цʦֻ֣д裬㵽ֹɣɲҪಫŶ
ȻİСʦܣʦзִ磬˵ģ΢Цĵ˵ͷгţڵ
廹ǺôĿ˵ҫ԰˶е̶ҫδȫǼþȫˣⳡԣҫӮˡҺɽЦ塣
ǰ˴УǿһȻҲǿļΪ͸ҫƴһУȻܸܵ˭ǿ˭Ӯҫǳ˵Ρ
ҲҺɽ߿ҫ壬ֻǰҫĸоôز¶˼ǻƺһӡָâҺɽвòϣԼ͵ʱϲϵģҲͰҫԭ֮һ
Թҫվ֮󣬱˴ʮף˽˫ָעŶԷĿ⣬˵˭ûȶ֣˴˶ҶԷ
˿аĹ̾ϢֻǲĻ˴֮仹ǺԣôֻչƣǿĶԷ
ɾ˼һ֮󣬰ҫȴһˣֻ̤棬һͳҫκ֮ɴ塣
ǿҵƷҪ˵ĶĤ飬δǿķѹѾֱüƮƮе㴭֮죬֮ͣ̾Ϊֹ
ƮƮ˺һЩʵܲҸҫսʱҪȫսܷġ崫ƮƮҧҧȻвʣǹԹԵ˺ü
Ĵո£ҫѵǰһ̧Ƴ˦ȷ絶һȵĵ岱缲磬Ⱥ飬ûаֵ㵽ֹ˼
ǺǣȷСʦܵʽûǴﵽĵزƾо£δ̫һɣ
Цһֿ籼ףӲ˰ҫһȵȻ˵ɣĴĺ˵ԼǿҵʹдʧɫҫľеĻҪǿֹ
ʦ֣֮簡Сˣ
ҫǸ߸߹𣬻һ䣬ԭ嵲סȣ˳һתģһԾٿն˫ͬʱȾŭˣ·һ㣬Ӹֱͷ
ȡ׶ɽݣ
ҫһУʽľǱеٶȣ޿ޣʱյɱȣȻûаҫôţͬҲǽȡ
ֻЦһתһܣȻӲľͰѰҫһȸжˣǸҫĻͰ֮ͬҫ¶һȵɫ
ơŭ磡
һøǰһˣƻʵˣ仯ͦѽҫа˫Ŀ΢΢һвУ˫һ˺һ㵯Ծʮ֮ߣһ٣±һɼ产˵Ļ𾢡
ңҹһ㣬ҫ˫͵չһ𾢱ø׺˫һһֱ֣£һʯź˵Ļ𾢣ֱĺ壬ƾޱȣһԹսİ˴񾳶Ϊ֮ݡ
ռһʽٳǣ
԰ҫ⾪춯صһУ̧ͷһ˫Ŀӿ߶ϵ绡ƶһ˳ҴܣƲȰҫ٣ֻ˫ȭһ䣬ȭ֮ŰԵף׺󣬱ҫǲضá
ħȭ׾죡
䣡
һı죬ըһ㴫֮Զ𾢶Գ䣬ྡྷƺһϯķڳе˶Ǹеĸ֣ƮƮֵܵ΢Ǳ˶Ӧԡ
ҫһӲƴʵޱȣֻǶ˾൱˴ֲ֮ʣҫȱУŲƷתޱߵתΪǿǣ˫ס
ʱһдвҪѾˣ˵ҫ˳һ˦һɳһ㱻ݺ˦ɡ
΢΢һ㶣ҫУǿܷӦ˸յһУԼ벻͸ˣҲͬ¶֮ɫٿռɶȥ
ɾҪס֮ʣƷ۶˵ɫâңֱҪ켣ѱ棬ƥԶİҫ˫۽˫ָڿָָۣɫâ
񽣡˽뷢
ҫĹƼѸͣڰҫԶĲٿ£âΣ䷽λ弴ʹأˣҲӲâ׷
ߣˣǷǸ㶯Ĳˣ
кݼɫķ·ҪγѪһ٣˫ֽӡһֱʣ֮ϣת˲һֱ׵ľ֮׷£ֱ֮ϣ쳣ľˣҫİ˵âһ֮£绡׾ٵɨޣƴ
ôܣĹһӣʱĹﵽΪôģȻľгֻ񾳶ľ֮ɫ⵱ҲҺɽ
ʤ㻹ͽܰҺɽз˫ۣĶ壬а̾ϢǿʲôҲö˵ʲôڰʱȻܵʤָ㡣
һ񷱦ʦ֣㻹ѧ˰ҫһЦ
СʦܣɣһУԼƲסģ֮ڣޱȣҫ쳣׺˵
ʦ־ܷбǣʦҶסģΪҲоеģҫȻЦ⺧˵ƣҫʼն΢ЦȫΪ
ŵ΢Це쳣ۣһֱţһҧŭݣһһֱڵֱҫȥ
ۼ屩ҫҲҵ˫ƽǰ֮𣬵֮׷ǳͻأγɣһΧŰҫ£һӣҫһУ֮ۼ֮ϣһųĳ׻۶ŻԲ鶯
ڰҫ۳Ż֮˫ĿһҲ룬˳ƺһƣһǿûΪһɳŭֲ绡ž첻ͣ
ʽŭɱ
צֱ˰ҫȥˣǰ񾳶Ϊ֮ݣ֮екȻԼӲһУҲ˵İɡ
ؿҫʱ΢Ц֮ԻЦóΪԼϵ쳣ţֻһӣֱ
һС


ھ 䲻ڹҪɴҵģ
һʵǺ˵ĽҫȣеԶˣֻ˫ֵ绡̽ңҫһ£ڳʲôƵģ׾ٵ˰ҫС
ǺЦǰ˳˫һܣ˵ռƣʱİҫԵеƵˣЦȴûмٰ֣Ũˡ
Сʦܣľкô仹üĻʦֿǲİ˫Ŀ絶ŰҫЦ
ҫ΢ЦŰ˰֣ڵʦְܹܶΣҲʤܶΣǣҴûҲͬᣬҪôʦʧˡ
СʦܣӦ֪һɱѣ˫ĿĿ¶׹ֱӰҫҫ
һ䣬ҫûʲôȴ纮˪΢΢ǰ㣬˫Ȼ£˫һöСɵлУǳΣֳû˷֣ԶƮƮһĿ壬˸ųݵĹâ
СҪԿͷˣҺɽǸ߸𣬿緢ģЦ
ǿʲôô꣬ĿҺɽѯʵļҲͬͶĿ⡣
ǿŻɢôⳡӮˣȥǾʳˣҺɽ΢ЦصһĻҺɽ仰˼
Ȼ㲻䣬Ǿͱʦĺˣһ˫Ŀ˫ǰһƣ޴һצĳҫ
棬ǰסˣƮƮסˣһЦŵĵɴ˫ۣͣڰҫͷϵһ״ˣϵ绡ʧ٣ʯһ쳣Ĺ졣
⡣ôܣѵ˿ĭһһٵ˵ǰһС
ģߵˣҪ˵ҫܽܣǾôڰգȻ󣬰ҫֲ뻯ĴߣûпռһУôܶסŵ
뻯Ĵڣϸֲ̫ܣԼʦʤţ뻯Ĵˣ֪ܲͨԼҲ˵ҫƾԼģôҫôģ
ǳʵ񣬰ҫ΢Ц֪ΪʲôôΪ˲̵Ķһֶأ
һ䣬ҫ˸ָһ£ͷ緢һɺ˵Ļ罫ͷβȼգתУ˺ɨķԭҹÿʢһѵ
ԭҫûбһҧɢǱڲֽȻཻͬǱɡ
ͨİ𵽾Եĸã׸⣬֮ɰҫļӳ£Ҳ֮ϡ
ҫĻɣһѪ壬ޱȣôҲԼùѿǿѪ䷴ѹ˻ȥֻɲʵԽľˡ
Լ̷޼ɵڰʤİ£˾ųҵҩԣ˽һҵĳ̶ȣ뱾Ĺ϶ӽΪˣɼʹˣԼˣúܲģҲԡ
ǿԼԼڹڰҫǰʵڵ״̬ܲã壬Ѫӿͣ֫˫ȶʼԾ΢΢
ƮƮʶķסĸ첲̫Ǳ֮ǰҫһֱŵЦݣѾЦˣƮƮ
ƮƮŰҫŭĿӣ޲ҪȥҧһڣҪںǳ⣬ȴԵס߿ҫڵ֪ԭ򡣡
ҫ΢΢ҡͷڵ䲻ڹʵڹͳԽңϵƵȷֲϵĲ࣬ǣͻȻǿûңƴնɵûо£ֻǿиɵӻѣ̫Ӯˣİ򡣡
ҫĻ޷ҲƮƮ˵ɵĻЦҡͷԭˣ˵ĺܶԣӦһԾģ㣬ǣҫҲ⣬ҲһӶģһһ᳹׵׵Ӯһء
ûʵˣڟoɵĴ߻£ĹѾﵽһַǳ˵ĵزڳİгҺɽ⣬ڹûܱˡ
ֻǣҫ˵ǰ㣬ʢֻļѣϿȥǿ󣬿ʵҫǧĹοҫǿʵսҫҪʤһġ
ҫԴǳʵɫ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ漴ɫһӮңʱֻ̡ǣʦ֣һ£꽭ֽңҵǿşoɵǲߵģ
һ˽һĳЩ˸һȻģѹ幦ôϸȫˣПoɵĸôһоܽ͵ͨˡ
ؿ壬ı鲢û̫ĸı䣬ߵƮƮ֮ͫ΢΢һ漴ָֻ̬ŰҫŭĿӣƮƮһ˲ı仯ȻӲҫĿҲѾ˴𰸡
ΣΣص
ҫĬĿ˰Σ֣ߵ˵ͷߣҫٴο̾ϢһڵʦֶĻҲٶ˵ʲôˣǰҪԸаģ㲻Ҽ룬ֱӸҺˣҲ֣òôҲ磬޺磬Ȼȥˣǣ
˵ҫתȥǰ˴Ҳ㿴ңҿ㣬ⳡһĶĴܶգҫģȻûоȫǲһ壬ٴΰ˰ҫϡ
ŰҫȥҲûȻ˰ҫһĿģҲǴˣʦԳҫĴʵʤǶ԰ҫܸȤġ
ⳡҲвȥˣǣҲǰϺ񣬴ӶԼǸ⣬ҲǷ׷װο弸䣬ȥ
ڰȥ֧֮ƮƮң԰ʤ̾˿ϥ¹򣬿ڵʦ𣬵ˣʦ𷣣
ʤһ˫Ŀ˰֣οϣʤǱҳ£䣬´ӮˣҫӲػΪĸ󻼰
ɱ˵ɱɱڰʤģʶĴ˸ףüͷ΢΢𣬶԰ʤĻһ˿ǡ
ûǺްҫΪÿÿһʵǸһмΪʣԹеģԶڴﵽɱĵزνͬʱɽׯʦֵܣлǴôһ˿ڵġ
˵ӮҫһҲ㹻ˣɱԼ»²֣ĬʤȻˣԼͽܶԳҫһԥˣһߵҪףߣܸ֮ʣɾʹҵߣĸһǿݣһҲ͸һպǴѳɣѵ뿴ҫһѹͷô
һ㶣Ǿ䡮ѵ뿴ҫһѹͷôԺͣþòƽǹаԽԽ
ҫҵͷϣѹһһӮ㣬һᡣжݺݵţ˫Ȼȭʦһ֮
ı飬ʤЦˣЦëȻ˵ͷ˵ģΪʦΨһĵӣΪʦȻǻģҪסɴҵҪ伫ɱ񣬷ĵһĿǰҫ
ӣʦ
ܺãǳãҵĺͽǺǣ


ʮ Һɽ룡ı
ͬһҹҫԼסȥʹֵúܲ죬ҫʼûзձ෴а˵Ĵ㣬Ϊ˵̫ҪˣպԼܷƷаžԵá
ҫ磬Ҿ֣ϵķֱ̫ˣƾʵôôoɵܡüͷ΢壬ڵ
ҫԵ˵ͷڻصҲôı϶ʲôǿĴڣĬĬ֧ĻʵûʸԼǿşoɵ˵Ǹﵽĳֲɸ˵Ŀġ
˵ͷ˼Ƭ̣ڵ˵᲻айأ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣üѯʵΪʲô뷨аԼԼ˸֣Ӧòܰɣ
ǵģаӦòôģǱڰĶ֣ҪϵĶָӿ£ҲаϷзһ𣬽млȻûк֮ǵĺɨķءĵ˵˴󵨵Ĳ²⡣
ҫͷһĺеѾа£Ϸ˷аʮǿ⣬дССǧ
аһһҵԣٶȺҲַǳıʣһɢɳȻҲĺôڣǾǿаϾβԼˡ
ǣап˷аˣȻٽϷȫշ֮һأǾͼ򵥶ˣΪĿֻһϵĵˣҪӦȻ̫ѡ
ֻҪɵ˼һ飬ôͿԽһԵĳȥ󻼣ʣµЩɲͻòΪˡ
뵽ҫͻȻһȫµļƻһԵŰҫ˼֮ĪЦˣһʱ俴еˣϲ˼İҫΪרע˼İҫһֶصеǳˡ
Ѿͷллң˵ǰ㣬ôǵļƻҪ¹滮һˣȥٰ֮ҷһ£ƶһȫ֮ߡҫ΢΢һЦԴҲǵͷЦеĽҫĸ첲ڻС
˾ôһǰţҫĿʲɣʵ϶Ҳǵһٮٮߣνһԡ
һ·Щ񷸮ˣĽּʣҲû˸ȥҲ磬Ϊ˶֪˿ɶʲôʡ͵ĵƣʵ֮ǿ֮г˸⣬û֮ƥˡ
ô֪ڲ֮ǰ޵еĸа˵ĸѾװ˰ҫϡ
ҫСѣɷ᷿һϷһɽׯׯҺɽҪ̣档ҺɽĻǳͻأĳڰҫĶ߿ȴûг֡
ҫһ٣ƲƲ죬һĹմʹԼҺɽĹаңʵֲĸˡ
ҫͻȻͣסΣʵôˣҫ磡
һɽׯׯҺɽոոմңҹȥ˵Ҫ̡ҫ΢Цص
üѲһܣȻѾҹҲҹܲ񷸮ĵҲв٣Լ˾ôȥҺɽĵط̾ͻᱻ֪ʲôͲ̫ˡ
ҫ磬е࣬ǲܾôֱӹȥ˵
ҫ΢ЦĿڵа취
ڰҫԶƮƮһϣ˫ĿĶŰҫӰҫ˵һһкܶƮƮ밵͵Ϯһն˰ҫ侲ֿ֮ɬҡҡͷ
Լնôܣ嶼ǰҫĶ֣͸˵ԼˣҲԼɱҫ
ΪҲ˵ҫǿҪӣɱãƮƮֻţ̵ʲôʱҫûüֵˣôŻݺݵĽɱ
ʱƮƮмµİҫˣͻȻͣ½ŲˣƮƮɵüͻȻҫתԼߣƮƮΪԼٱ¶æɴܵһϡ
һȻܵһ̶ȵ谭ƮƮҲףŲٴνҫ˲׽ֶԹԵǰţһԼոտܵýЩҫʲô
˶֮ƮƮŰҫˣҰѾһ㣬ĸšʱƮƮ΢һ۲Ļôᷢǰİҫͬһˡ
Ϊ˫۴ͣûкûб飬ľżһǰţƮƮ飬ҿ̫ô˵ǰǼĿ궼ûз
Һɽĸۡڣ鷿֮УҺɽĵŰҫĵ鷿г⣬񾳴ڣҲǰ˴֮еĶˡ
һϿ޹꣬жַǳ˳ҲǱãüĿ㣬ſĳһѪ̵ģĶⲻڣֻҪĵˣᱻ̵ĥ֮ٽɱͬʱҲһ֡
жġ˱ޡ񣬳ֱ֮ͬʱͷŰ籼ף磬ֻеûŮ֣֮ݶҲ쵼£Ϊһ
һԲ׳Ĵ󺺣Ĵò㣬غУƺ˳ơĽ
Ϊ˹ֱԸ̣ɴȴǸҪһǷ켫ĵزս䵥ǹƥսһǧޣһǧ
һսҹ󷭸޹⣬ɹܣӴһˣˡţʵ֮ǿԳƵǰ˴еĵڶˡ
ڵһȻǷҺɽĪˣһɽׯ½˲֪˲ڳһУŽǰ֮С
ҺɽΪ˼˽֮ǿаΪľΪѴڣħҪǿֹ֮жĸ֡
Һɽ鷿ֻΪȰҫĵȻͬǷа˵ǶȴǺҲ壬Եǰʤѣ˾ۼһıһ£һҪıа˸ֵ¡
ͻȻһҺɽһ㶣漴΢ЦڣҫСѣ
űƿҫ΢ЦĿҺɽ˵ͷŹ֮󣬶ͬʱʩһ񣬿ҫǰ
Һɽ΢΢һЦվﲻҪǿϷ򣬾ͽһϱɣλɣ
ͷһˣҫ˹ЦһԵҲЦ
ҫϵĽǰҺɽĵĺϰҫθڣҺɽĵһӡǳĺãҫڻ˴ڣ¶ɻĿ⣬ǰ˴֮һҲֻǶԶ˲̫Ϥѡ
֪λǰôƺҫٴʩ΢Ц
˻һۣԱţ˱ǽеǰˣҫ˵ǽҫһԼͬȸ߶ϣûΪüԣҫҲΪ˳
ϣôкҪ£ҫֱ֮ӽ⣬ѯʵ
˵ֱӣϷҲĨˣóҫСƺøԹҺɽ΢Цʵ˫ž⣬
ҫ΢΢һЦֱԵˣͬһҲ̸ϳԹֻ˵Ը񲻺ϣͬԾˣ
ǺǣҫҲһ죬֮ǰøѣɲԾζӦǰҫͷøû˼ɣһԵĶЦǺǵĲ
ҫԿЦҡͷҲ˵ʲôΪʵ維˵ǰ㣬ҫǱԾ̬У־ѾζˣҲó
ˣлҲ˵ˣϷֱһ㣬ҫСǰһ¡
£ϵ˵޷
ʤ̨аλá


ʮһ а˵ľƣƲ
ҫз˫ۣҺɽû˵Է쳣ļᶨҲͬĿбӵĿŰҫֳͻȻý
Һɽ˼ѾǳˣҪ췴ķа˸гЧͽҪڲ֮Уǵ˼Ҫҫˮ
Ҳ˼Ͳͨ籨ţϾҿøʦأһֻʣǼˣʹ־ͬϣҲİҫ΢ЦصԴǼϬöֱü
ҺɽŶ˰˰֣ʾ԰꣬漴ҫЦҫСˣ˷ҲǰˣȻˣô֤ͬͼıģϷӦûв´ɣ
Ϻ꣬ûͦ׼ҫаһȴ΢ЦͣӳǸ˵ҫ֪߳ٱǰ߱Ⱥ߸αװ˵һҲǱﲻһ
ϣһ⣬ҪҫֱҺɽЦ
ʲô⣿Һɽʵ
Ǻõʱôа񣬷а˸ոȡõɾͣͽڲȨе㲻ʱ˰ɣҫ΢Цʵ
ҺɽɫһаҫȻ򵥣Դ֮Ϭͷ֮Ӧ֮ҪǿʮֹȻûѡˣȲʵΣаϣȻܷӳ벻Чá
ҫСѣΪа񣬲õʱϷаʱΪΪٲҺɽε̾Ϣһĵ˵
ҫüͷ΢壬⻰˵е˰ɣʦּʹû쵼ܣǣԼʤԸӦòʲôǣοǰ˲ҲᾡȫӦòôġ
һҺɽˣҲˣ˶һ£ǿЦҡͷѰҫˣҫɻѵԼ˵ʲôˡ
ҫ㻹˽ҡͷЦ
Ը꣡ҫ˵ͷڵ
΢΢ͷǷаʵûпȥôŽᣬ˴˹ĶǣǷǳԵģļսȡһСɾͺɲԽԣа˶ʧȥʱĳˡ
Ĵʦ֣ԽĲһãԣʱѾɹȡˣȵĹ񻢰İֻϹҵļϹ࣬ӥıӥԼɽׯׯҳһΣʼų켺ˡ
ԣžƻûתʱٷаˣЧİ취ȻǽһвԼĺ֮סơ
ĻҫɫԽ˫ĿĶŶ񲻷ţɴӶԷУҫһ˿Ūٵĳɷ֣뵽ƮƮԸ񣬸Ӿ÷а˵ʵӦø˵İ˾Ųʮ
ҫ̾ϢһҡҡͷЦʵôҲֲѽڳλǽޣΪʲôԼ
һжһϲóҫɿڵ˼ôεļƻḶˡ
Һɽ˿裬Ц񽭺ҫСѵͷɲ⼸ϼһٰ˲㴫ķ֮أν˲֪˲ˣ㱾ʵҲһеĶ֮Ƕģ㵱ࡣ
ΪʲôԼԭҲܼ򵥣ǶˣηηβûȥɣѾû֮ˣʹαװᶼı䲻ʵӦ˵£ϰռλãҲÿ
ǳû⣬Ҫ쵼һǿûǸصһҵѾܲˣҪ쵼аӴǿûܣһԵĶӹ磬΢Ц˵Ҳͷʾͬ
Һɽ˵ϣû˿֮⣬ҫ΢΢һ㶣гһ䣬ǽǰӦ飬֪ԼûǸʹ˾ӶߣλвܵˣҲֻպܳƵǵ¸ء
ϣʦֽʲôƻôҫ˼һ󣬿Һɽѯʵ
Ϸе䳹̲γһϷʵʵͼδˡҺɽüڻص
ƫһ磬ʵۣаѾûôҪˣҫ˵ͷ˵
Һɽһ㶣ûְҫԼĻЦڵϷȻûѡˣͷԾѾСܱġ
ҫʵҪģϣ㲻ҪɣϷŷаֻĴ£ܶаչӭͷʹ֪ʲô˼
ҫͷ˼ҰĲС̰ͼϷа˳ɹаôȻ֮ҲǸʤûġ
ֻǰ㣬ʤаˣͳϷģɹνһ飬Ҳͳаеһˣֱһ¾ͳˣֻеһöӣһ߿ܶѡ
ҫ˼Ƭ̣˵ϣλǰ¹شҿһ£λɷģҾ⴫ֻҪܼ£λǰܷԸɣҫ岻ݴǡ
Һɽ˵ͷڵȻúõĿһ£ĲԸҲǿ㣬˳аˣƾԼаơ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵȻʱûӦϣԼλǰʲôҪϵģֱԱɡȻĳЩʱľߣҲϣλǰҡ
û⣬ϷҲһأˣҫСѵκξߣǶ֧֣ҺɽЦҲǵͷ΢Ц
ҫ΢ЦͷȭڵȻˣô㲻ˣλǰҫˣ
Һɽͣ棬ֿ˼䣬ҫ뿪ˣڶߺûãһֱû˵Ľڵϣ˵ҫӦô
Һɽһ£˰֣ڵģľܿͻòӦģҪģǾ£ӭ֮Ŀ籩ꡣ
ҫܵĻصԼסһ·ԵúܳĬҫ̲סˣЦѾͷôôĬʲô֮ô
ҫ磬ԽԽˣ㵽ʲôƻƲƲ죬һ˿Թڵ
ȷİҫѾֲ²͸ĳ̶ȣһЩ˼룬ֻҪҫ˵͸׼һ˿磬ҫԽԽ׽ˡ
ܼ򵥣˳ƶΪͿˣҫһָĪЦݣڵ
зۣŰҫµ⣬ɫõ˵˵һЩҪհ
ҫƤ˶ɫúúã˵˵ȷֺòãͶˣ
һЦҫˣûĵһۣڵڰҫıѾԽңҪǲ˵׵㣬Ҷе᲻ˣ
ҫ΢ЦҡͷСԭҲǿʤһ棬˵ʵܼ򵥣Ȼǰʤ𣬼ȻҪ̲ϷеɴǾƲһѣҪҪĿ꣬˳ƶΪˡ
üԴ˼һأͻȻȻһ֣ȵ˵ˣ˳ƶΪأҫ̫ˣһǶһжΪѽ
һҪԼһŵƣƻ֮һǰʤ𿹺ĵƣҫǸ߸Ц


ʮ ţ
峿ҫ˸磬˻֮󣬱ֵ˵飬Աһһ㶵ģҫ˵֮겻ѡ
ҫ֪ڿϧûпһϷǵİΣĻưҫһư˼
ΧһȦڲݵϣʼʱóһ׶೤һ׶ֽѩ׵ֽϻһͼΣҫһ˲Ȥ
滭ԾϿһֱ񷸮ĵͼ桢ƽ涼У񷸮еĽʶݵֲһŵչǰϸû󶼸ȥˣ˶ԹٽǱԾĿ⡣
̽񷸮ĵͼѿ񷸮ĵλãԼݵֲǾƹģһ壬磬ŵļָֽϵĻͼ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦĹٵļ򿪿ЦϴǸȸðɣ
Ĭĵ˵ͷʵ֮Ի񷸮ĵͼҲǰҫʱȥµģҫ֪л滭ͼεĲܣҲǷĪóǧߡȸ
ȸ˼ƷĻȸ£ǰȸȥ죬ڲлܣڼһΧڵĻ֮ͨĴɽĳֳѵ͵Ļ
Ҳڡȸİ£һϵʱ񷸮ĵλ滭ĻҪôĻܣҲҪһܵҵʱ䣬ȻҲϸ̶ֳˡ
ʱ˶ŻͷʱһԵָͻȻɫһüͷ𣬵ţԭˣ񷸮һ͵󷨣
Խһ㶣ĿָУָе˫ĿʼնֽϵͼΣҲ˺Ŀ⣬˵ʦ֣˵㵽ȥˣԭﰡ
磬Ĵʦ֣ǸŵǸҶĿָһۣ˵һ˵ֱ죬̾Ϣҡͷ
ҫ״΢΢üָпڵ磬ĴʦгԹ
ԹȥˣʵҸҲûʲôֻ˵ʦŸдˣԺ˵Ȼôһ¿ȷˣָһڣڵ
ʲô£ҫʵ
ǵòµϵôָзʵ
ҫ˵ͷ⵱°١ҶġҲǱɻҲǰҫָġ
ָн˵ǴʦֲģӦ˰ɣ
ҫһ٣ٴε˵ͷһڵˣĴʦڸҵĴʦְأô֮Ҳвˣһǻпܼأ
һ䣬˵ʲôʲôһ˹Űҫʩһ񣬿ڵλλȥ£
ҫ΢Цͷ˰֣ȥ֮󣬰ҫ΢Ц²ҲûʲôãۼΪʵĺã߰!
һ·޻ҫһ֮ڣµ˲٣а˵ʮŵˣ߳ƮƮ⣬߰һڣϰҫˣʮһã⴦ɰ˶ԵӵֳȻ֣Ҳҡ
ҫ˵֮ЦӯӯǰкֲֻᣬͺûзƵģŰҫ̸Ц
ҫҲǺܸӣ˼䣬漴תˣϵЦݼˣ֪ĸָеĴʦָ֣е֮ɫʱʱƮ֮еһͿԿǾĴʦˡ
ҫҲһˣֻˣҲˣǵ֮У˵Ϲµ֮ǸʩչͨŵĲһ޷ɡ
ҫ޷ʱҲȻĿⲻãһû޷ɵķը뿪ںǳҫȴߵһס½ǣʾҪ
ҫҲ꣬׼ȷ˵ǿŴ򹭣йȰҪƫţҲһ޳ɣúŷɥ
ҫļܺãΧңִҼ֮˰жгԶɱõľǹ
ʦ֣£ҫָָˣʵ
˸ˣҲ񷸮λҲĸɽλС޷ɡͷīǸ߸ĽƽܣλС
еӳ
ܵһʱָпڴĻüָУָ֪еݣŵȻö˵е۷֮һʮ󳬼ֻһ߶ѣǵﲻ
ָ֣ͬһУҾø˵ĶԹǿԷһŵģ¼ֱ棬˶Թʱȷ£һеȰа֮ڽ֪ɷ񣡡忴ָУǸ˵Դֺ֮⡣
ָа˰֣ڻصȻսҲ֪أİɣգҲΪ
У˵ԼжƵģ˭Ϊ˭һģ޷ɺָһۣС͹һ䣬Եü˵䣡
˶Ǹ֣޷ɵĻÿ˶ҫҲ⣬ƢҶǶŭĿӣҫȴǰа˰֣ʾ԰ꡣ
һСҲûʲôɧңȥ֮Ҳû⣬Ȼⲻҫҫ˺ܽΪֵܸͬҲ֤˺̡ܻ޷ɵĳԼѾϣһͻݺݵʰ
֮󣬰ҫ˵ֱԵʦ֣δʲôƻ
˵ͷڵһаƣҵļƻаʲô¡
˵ҫ˵ͷŶȣ˫ָ棬Ӽ߰
廹ûеʲôף޷ȴһۣݺݵĵ˰ҫһۣŵ˵ľǿԼҪŵˣҫɹļŭ
ҵ뷨Ϸеγһ飬ͬͬˣаûпɳ֮֮𲽲ʳаΧһһϿǣҵļƻˣСʦܣΡŵ΢Цҫڵ
ҫ΢΢һЦҡҡͷڵ²ߣ
üһҲѾ̲סˣ޷ɣҫһµһģʵ۵ĺܣ˿˻ûоʲôϾбµ˼ҫ㺬ˣ޷ȴǱĲС
ʱ޷˫ŭɰҫǲ֪ҫкϲ֮ư
ҫһҲ޷һۣʦ֣̽ʶҪ۵ǶԿаĴ£˭ʸġ
΢΢üҲе޷еʧ̬ˣԼûѾô˵ŭҫ˸е񷸮˶һȺûнں֮ڣȥҲ
޷ɣ£ͷҲصƣ޷ҲϢĵı죬ֻǿҫɳŭ
ǺǣͶˣζԸаǴ£ʲôèܲĻǸо֮кλǰ˵ĿҫƳһֱ޷ɣϽ͵֮Ҳǽѵһ޷֮ǰָеĳԲѷ
һڳ˶ţҺɽΪ׸ǴͷһЩſ񶼲ˣһģ˵ǲ񷸮˻ûأҲһȺ֪֪ں֮ڰˡ
ҫߵļֵҲЦͣĿ޷ɣָиǶ԰ҫԸмĿ⣬֪ҫΪкǸж
ǿеŭСʦ˵ԻϼӹˣǻԹɣ˵ҵļƻ²ߣô֪Сʦʲô߰
ҫ΢΢һЦ˸ָڵϷⵥҲԣɵ֮ҾҪǣţ


ʮ ˮǾ죡
ţǺǣ˳ţ»⣬ǣҲҪ֪֮Уλڰһ죬ǽʸϵ۷ʵ֮һҪ϶ȴҪ򣬼ֱǲ֪νŰҫЦ֮г˲м֮⡣
һڳ˿ʼͷӶԵռϾʵڹǿһǧ֮ãʵǿ˲ò
аҪţͲΪ֮û뻯ĴߴڣȴУһֹһһҲ֪ģԷô࣬ô
λ԰꣬ȻҫԼĽ飬ôǾѻ˵ɣСʦܣϣѻ˵ЩΪʲôҪŶأ˰ֳ˵ĿˢˢĿҫ
Ϊаеһã԰λаŴʥ֮һӦ㹻˰ɣҫЦ
һ䣬ֳһƬȻһƬ˶ڶ԰ҫĻеĪаķֱ֧ţһ۷ȴһķ֧ѣаǵÿֲʲô̶ȣаԼܿô
ߣҲҪһ֮ʣҫʲô֤֤аһģûУҾģǺĿģѲаڹڲҪңапɳ֮ɣ
ӥһȣһˮֱõҫϣҫ˫ĿѪĹâǸ߸߹ɭȻаЦͿҫ˳ۣʱýⷢӣôҫ
ְٴοҫβ˵ѾŻԼԹ޵ɫӥĻոûãҫ˶ˣ漴һЦ˳ҶŶӲûشҫ˵Ц˶ЦˣӥͷϵϸߣҧǳҵĻܺЦô
ң̲סĻ㶼˵ĳڣǣ̲סҶİᶼЦˣŶҡ֣ģ۵ĺܡ
ĸ磬ͰɣҲЦû˵ҫͬҲЦ˵ͷ
λǸаһģôɾˣһڣԴЦ
ʲô˼˫Ŀ΢΢ɱⱼڣɭȻֹһԵϹࡢֻӥҲͬĿ¶׹⡣
ܼ򵥰ҫҪаˣôڲ񷸮ǣӦɱһƬײˣοаԼаеĶˣڰҫ˵ϣλӦö֪İɣƲ˺һۣЦ֪
Է׷׵һԼ̫ˣҲֻһٴʵȷ維˵ǰ㣬ҫаƲĿõģûһ˶алٵĳԹڣ˵аˣҪ˵Ÿӵ޻
ʵ維˵ǰ㣬аˣôҹ֮ʱаĴѾɱˣӦǻܻô˸ָЦ
ûٻɰҫˣ붭Ļҭ˵Ҳһ˿ĻʱҺɽͷİ˰֣һ£һһէĳɺͳҫôԹ˵аķ֧ʵ֪ûʵԵ֤ݡ
ǧŲҰҾڳۼŴʥۣ԰棬ҵʱŵ˶аеκӵƴӣ֤ݣҫ΢Цͷڵ
ⲻ֤ݣƬ֮ʣ鼫Ϊм
ҫһҲգڵǾһ£ҿɲôáŲаķ֧ôϽа֮˭λأаû뻯ĴߣȴУ˵ʦֵĸλͳͳеһӣڻңľȿô
ҫԴȻϬȴ˵˵ĿȥˣûһʵǿϣĺôôôҰǿԼƽƽôεʱпܳ֡
ڳŶɵӣͨһ㣬в˿ʼҫˣǽüͷҫ˵е
һפаˣԼʹаʤţµλҲߵȥԲ뿴ģô£ǾԲȥġ
ҫһ˵֮ɫǺЦ˵ô裬аһôǵĴ͸ΣˣаţӦ֮£Ҹұ֤аˣϷаС
ڰڴǰֻ·һǶҵĻ֮ԱǣȥϰɣʲôĺӦһ䣬ϿûкҩԳԵġ
һҵĻŶˣôͿûк֮ǵĽϷһ飬Ž©ڡ
ҫ˵ֳ֮ѻȸļ廨صҫҲ豭Ĵһ£˹ĺ
ô֪ǲų켺Ͼǰ˲ŵĳԹҲСǷа˵ʹҲǲܰϹ΢΢𣬿ҫ
ҫһеĲ豭£Ϲ࣬΢ЦϹҪô룬Ҳû취ֻǣһ䣬иõĽ飬ϴ
Ϲһ㶣漴ЦҡͷûҫĻʵڳ˶ûĻòϣҫķϸţûһڣ߲֮ԶڳʮѾΪˡ
޳ɰҫ飬ֻǣŸƣ뻯µĸֻ˵ǷаҲûи߳٣ǻҪʤһֻ뻯ĲƥаҺɽһվְ֧ҫͬʱҲ˵ԼĹǡ
ҫ΢ЦͷڵϴɷģȻŵȻӦ֮ŵ뻯һ԰һ̫ϳԪа취ǷϾ
ʲô취Һɽ΢΢һ㶣ʵ
ܼ򵥣Ԯҫ˸ָ΢Ц
Сʦܣҵ뻯Ĵȭ¶֮ɫѯʵ
ûУҵֵаҫ΢ЦҡͷָָһԵĳ°ڵ
°һ㶣ķӦҲ뵽˰ҫָʲôЦĸ磬㶼֪ˣ
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦʱҾ֪ˣֻû˵ƶѣ
ô֪ģ°ʵ
ΪǿԼ̬ȣܰĸԹɫı컹Ǻܲأҫ΢Цص
°ҡͷЦһһ˷Ӧ°һڣ΢Цҿ𸮣վһǵǰҲǲԵġ
ǹƴĻôҫǵҪĿţϾŶϷ̫ˣҫȻɿа˵ȥšͬһʱ䲻ͬĵص㣬κӵ΢ЦĿǰ꣬˵
磬°ҫɹɿа˵ǰȥΣŵʵʹʮа˼һܽһȺں֮ڣΪǣһ꣬мİ˰ֿڵ
ţ˵ûֻǷа˵ȻΪǣԮȭأ˵ͬǺܽ鲻ǳ𸮡κӵ΢Ц
磬˼˵ҫǻȥ𸮵ȭһ꣬ʵ
κӵ΢Цͷ˫Ŀ΢΢֮к磬ڵǰҫȻôҲΨһѡԣǺбҪȥһçĹ򣬶нɱ
ˣȥţ信˵ͷҪ֮ʣκӵ˵˳ѶҲϣҲǸúúһˣٺ٣


ʮ ιʵأ͵Ϯɱ
񷸮ڣҫķŵڱУа˵ҲҲκηԵɣϾҫķԣߡ
յİҫǴʣһʵΪǳҫʵԵˣǲ
Ǻ֮Уҫ˵ĵλҲ˲٣ĳЩ˻Ƚϣһ֮£巴ԵñȽƽӹˡ
ڰҫյѾû˸Сˣǵ°˵Լö𸮵ĸʱڳ޲һ¶Īɫ
ʲôĴڣʮ󳬼֮һçĹĳǿѩѱħššȳǲضãöǰȭǹҲ׵Ķˡ
ʵҲ֤˰ҫյǱʵǲСȣǾͲ˵ˣĹϵѩѱ£Ȼ绢ټϳ°ߵ𸮡
뷴а˺ԸаôҲǲսʤģȻ˻֪ҫļ
ĻĳЩʲص˵õιȥҲҶ԰ҫΥֺöȻҫҲ˵ƣ뿿ԼһҵԴܲþͲãҲͷ
Ȼڳ°ʵɵģͷȻ׽񾳸ֻ֣Ҳ׼׳°ĻǼ٣ȻɣԴҲû̫֡
Ҫ˵Ĺǰҫ˵Ķ֣û仰ͱҫҭ˵ټҺɽ붭˵ƲҲֻϢģٷۡ
˵ĿٴμϣϾǷа˵ĸһԲŲҲ̫ʣʱǳջаްҫ
ԴӰҫԼļƲֳֵ֮ٳϷԼ˰裬˲뵽Լĸ壬ڶ
ǣôҲˣƱǿҫʿǿҲ޿κΣǿѹŭͬ˰ҫļƲߣа˽չš
ȻѾˣôһ£ŵľƻɣҾá
һ£ҫû˵꣬ȴȴϵ
ҫǺЦ壬֪̲סȥɴҲˣλҵˡ
ҫЦеĿ壬ǿһ˿ЦݣڵСʦܣȻѾ˹ţôһᰲŵģ֮Ӧø־ȥçĹ𸮵ĸֲǣϾûжԵȵĸ򣬹żǲܵġ
ҫԵ˵ͷڵʦ˵½粻˳٣Ҹܾͼ̳ɣ
ĵ˵ͷ΢ЦǾףСʦܿ飬ʱ䣬ҲᰲźйŵľˣֻҪСʦܽ뻯Ǳ̶Žս
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦȻˣҾȸˣˣֻһȥҵֵǾҪ鷳ʦһˣ
ȻȻģǺǣ΢ЦͣĿ
ҫ΢Цͷ˳ȥҲĿͰҫ߳΢ЦĿŰҫ˵ıӰмһ˿Ī׹⡣
֮߳˻صԼסҫҲû˵ʲôֻʱȫٵİţԸֵ͵뷴а˵ʮӴͬʱҲйעһĶ
˶԰ҫİҲûʲô飬Ӧ֮ҫ°Ҳ飬ʼȥçĹ
ҫ°ֻһʱ͸ϰ·̣çĹڣԶ˵Ĺټȫ·ٶȻզࡣ
ʱٴ·ȣҫͣ˽Ųһжûб䣬ǸһǴҲû̫ı仯
ʵΣⲻһ°ʶĴɵ֣˴˽꣬𽭺Ҳбһζ
ĸ磬ôĸԸĽø壬ǲǻʵǸ嶼Զ㣬쵼аˣһǿ°˵
°Ȼûʲô̫ĳԹҲûʲôøУ°˵ĻҲʵҫȣǰߵȷκη涼ҪѹһͷҫȴԸȨ䣬ó°ǲ⡣
ܰʵҲûʲôõģܲܳгǵҪ̫ǿƣа˵˷ǵǷԹۣڹʱľִ߳ôֻʧʱǲܸõĽУװѿаˣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ĸ磬߻ԼǸĪİʤأһԸ壬ȷ°ɻĿʵ
ҫЦݸˣ˸ָڵˣҲûа˶ѽߵȻй֮޷ɵԸ񣬱ȻͿ¶ˣʱֵǾܼ£һִȻӰ쵽ľߡ
°аĴ磬ҫıԲνǿе鶼ǵˣŲߣаӲҫˡ
ʱҫ°֮ڣϤһУҫ΢΢һЦָǴ̨ڵܣǵǸɣ
°Ǵ̨Цŵ˵ͷڻصȻǵãǿأ
ǰǾգû㣬ҿҫЦ̨߽۸̨΢Цҡͷ
ҲףδƽΪʲô޷˵Ҫأ°Դ΢Ц
ҫ˰֣ЦûʲôʲôΪʲôҵظǰ㣬ͰˣΪ⣡
°һ֣Цҡҡͷ˵ĽʶԳƵĪĪŻᵼ¶һֱߵڡ
ˣҲˣ߰ɣҫ΢Цת֮ʣĸ̨ʯͻȻâֱȡҫıš
âļ죬ʯ֮ҫŵùԲ磬һԵĳ°УҪҪҫΧʱµĵ͵ıɼǿߣֿ͡
ǺǣΪܲضأôͳסҫǸ߸
漴һ𣬺˵Ļ𾢴ڷӿâɢָ̧塢󡢴̡Ľ뷢°ߵ׾ٵĻ͵ϮĹƣǸݲȵӣռơ
ҫ֣δʵǴоʵĽһ֪ӺδƮڶ֮ڡ
Ǻǣ겻κֵԽԽˣĵ͵ϮֶζˣһΪУҸ߹ˣҫΪмЦ
ҫˣҾɱĻκֶζֵģ㽫ΪУкγǣҶԸ伫ģ컹ܻôպػʶֶΣٺ٣һ䣬Լ֮ǰĵֱꡣ
ҫǰ꣬һ信ɱˣһ磬һЦݣҫͷʱһ㶣漴ˣ˰е꣬һκӵһǼͶ
ĸôϴɣҫԴʵ
ĸ͹ˣҫվͽնɱڴˣѱһ֮𣡡Ͷһ˫Ŀɱŷ˲
ҫЦЦָָԶ信볤꣬°ڵܣ㣬ûɣ
°ʼ磬ЦһӲأ
ҫ˵ͷֿκӵͶˣЦͻȻһ䣬ޱȣɭȻһûȥǣǷˣǾͶˣվǣȥĴյϢ


ʮ ھӣսͶ
Ӵհ׵ģ㻹ͦϰ˶ϣվҪ£Լֵ֮ܵ飡ҫǸģһȵ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵ˭֮еڼ
Ϸ˫ۻͷ­΢΢Ļص
ҫ΢Цͷֿ信꣬ڵĩβλھˣ
信˵ͷĻص곿
ҫ곿֮˫Ŀû뿪о˺˼ΪԼ޵ѹȸУκӵҪǿңǸƽϣһֻ˶ɵħ
κӵôĸܵȫҺһʰˣһȥҰҫһ˿ζЦݣڵ
Ǻǣ㻹濴Լɱ㲻ҪˣһԣϷһ䣬һ˻ûӰɳҫ
ܣһôҫƳһӰЦ
Чͣ°һЦ̧־һȭ˵ȭ磬쫷ϯϷѳĲӰȫɢͬʱȭһ˶ȭӡֱϣϷ
ߣҵСɫô
Ϸһ˫ֽӡת±һɺ˵磬˫צǰ̽ץסȭӡһ֣ǿķ羢˫צȭӡ˺Ƭ׽ɢ
񹦡ʽƣ
ҪҶ˯ˣ
Ϸûü⣬°Ѿֵǰ֮죬棬ֻһȭȭѸֱӣʵ޻һȭ׺ȭ磬ʵʵĺϷ֮ϣ˵ȭ˴Ӷڱֱĺ˳ȥ
ǼȭͻϮ
°һȭϷ֮Ŀֱ곿ۼϷɣȴ޶ԣǸģ
类һȭɣһ㶼İ°һڵ
һȭ˲곿Ļص
ôļƣ°Цһ곿
аг°ֵĲ࣬ɥȪĵ⣬ոյϷҲֻǳ֣ǰĩβ곿ѹȸб˻Ҫǿֻĩʵδ
Ҫǿһ㣡곿Ļ䣬°Ѿߵǰ˱˴һף˭ûȶ֣ôš
ͻȻ°ˣһȭ˳ƺ곿Ҳˣһֱ°ȭ棬һľ죬·ըһصڶ֮ڣ˺壬籩ϯ赭дһУʵȴǿĺˡ
Գ壬°곿˰벽ͬʱһüθİεض𣬻±һ׺ĺɫ˴˽һ𣬳֮⡣
ҫµĿŶ˷ɳ΢Ц˵κӵ۵ܿ
Ȼ곿Ǿ֮츳ߵģͬʱҲδаĺѡ֮һҪĻӦöൣĵǸֵܣҪͷˣκӵ΢΢һЦڵ
ҫԴЦ漴һֿ׳յκӵڵ仰ԭⲻĻ㣬Ӧöൣĵֵܣ츳ߵһֵܵȭ£ܻŻȥҲѴ̰ɣ
ԲܷģҶ곿ģκӵ¶һ־ŵЦݣڵ
ˣϻˣǳսһϣչҵʱܱģǵڣҫ˸κӵͶ˹ָƵ
һֱ߶κӵţ漴ͶЦһѩǰܵĻҸˣܲܳɹɾҪԼ
ΣҲܣͶǰһ˫Ŀ䣬ս磬ոմأһаޱȵĺӿ纣һҫ
Ŷٰҫ΢΢һ㶣ɭȻӿĺЦ漴̤ͬһ˳ŽϯͶĺ֮⣬һһĽķѹȥ
Ͷ΢΢üһ̤棬һ죬ֻܶգۼѵҫǰֳצ˺ҫʺ
Ͷ죬ҫ죬һ׵ıܹһצ˳߳һţȾͣ缲磬ֱȡͶĵǺ˵ȷϿԿһҪˣͶҪϹ
ȡ߳ɲư
һͣɼͶҲѾǵħϵļͶˣ̶Ҫ˰ҫ
ֻ΢΢霿е۳һʵףҫһĵʱͬнʶü
ȻͶ߷죬ԼҲײڵ֮ϣѹһɶķΧ֮ǿҫаԾ
ҫԴǴΰܸ֮һȥûһͣЪҹѽȣɣ
еļͶһȣһĿڤ֣Ͷȭֱ£ȭٱ׺ѵǿľͣƾޱȡ
霿㡤ڤްؾ
ǺǣɣҶˣС㣬ͶûǸʵһ㣡
ҫЦһ˫һŵ棬˷ɳϣ˫ƻƵâתУγһɱת˲ѸͶȭԺ
죡
ҫͶǿУǺú˵Ľ΢Ѿ˵ضɽҡһҵĵ׺ȭƱһϯǿκӵҴ֣æ˹ֿ˵ྡྷ˶Ժƣ͵զࡣ
ؿ֮ϣʽȥȴûأ˴˽£񷶥µʯӣս֮ϣֻǼĹ򣬶˱ѶʮУ˲ɢ
ҫ׼һյ˫ݺύӡһƬˣȱˣ񱩵ľƺƺХһѹͶ͵
ơޱߣ
䶪ҫǿУͶŲæżһöʯӣȣ˫ֳצֱצаޱȣޱȣǵذצӰҫƽһڰйһҵĳγһƾеľ档
霿㡤ֻء
ôŰɣģƴأκӵƤŰеļսš
飡
ҫһصӡڼͶţͶһצҲǺݺݵץڰҫţ˸һУ֮±˴˵ص档
ҫһϵצӡ𣬾ȫڲаצ̼㻯һɶ
ۼͶģҫɾԵеǱˣ֮ϵĳӡ쳣ĴĿģѪڽҧоǲ֮ɫ൱ԡ
ҫеĿżͶҡҡͷ΢ЦͶ㼼ֹڴˣôɵֻ㡣
Ͷ͵һۣתѹ£ȵ̫磬ֻػʽûʩչ㹻Ҫˣ
ҫʼ磬ڵǾóҲҿνֻأû˵ô
һȣҫɱѽʵһӦòְɣκӵߵͶߣЦ˵ͬʱڼͶıţڣͶڵĻưĸɸɾ
ҫ״һ˫Ŀ⣬ڵһ࣬һ٣һϰɣ
һ䣬ͬʱһɺ˵񹦵Ĵ𾢣霿ɭа澭亮ɽȻͬ쫷һ㣬
ʱȵİ֮⣬һüĿʲĳ곯ŷȼٷӣٶ֮ƿգ̶ĺХصʣһ֮ɫԵøء
Ӧܸϵϰɣһ䣬˫ĿһζȻ٣ϵľ죬ըһ춯أܵɽʯͣ


ʮ °սϷѧ
֮ڣҫһжݱʱڻֲ£֮⣬°ͬһжѽѷ֡
°ȭտòӴ׳乥ģʽӦڴ󿪴ϣ޳һ࣬ʵȷˣ°ȭȷǼ˿ص㡣
ǣѧʵҪĻôȥͨҪڻܼͨ򵥣ʽã˶򼸴ΣöˣõĶȻҲˡ
ôȥ仯ʽڹôȥ䣬ûôˣҪһ˵սʶͷǷȻ°һӵսʶˡ
ͰԲ׳ţӦһ³ޱˣʵ˼ǳϸ壬ûȥѧʲôµȭԼʲôרоӵеĶ
ʱҲĵã˵L񹦵ذȭİʮʽĽһͬԵʮͬԵʽӳʹʽֲ
ʱ֮տƽԭ֮ϣ°һж곿Ϸ˼սһ
ϷзϬΪͬѾﵽ֮ľ磬׵зƼ͡
곿ûڶôǿƷȻȥȥôУҲȽ壬ϷԶƺڿʲôԵôĪ˼
°һӦ˵Ĺһ곿ߣԷͻϮķֶãм࣬Ϸù£Ǹ߰ĸԣһսʵеջ
ֻϷһתΪ±һɺ˵绡ǿߵ곿ѹ˼
Ϸﵽ壬²죬˫һ˫ȭƱһȭд׺羢ǵص׵ȭӡѹ°ȥƼ侪ˡ
񹦡ʽ
ۼϷڣ°һһȭͷ㻹漴΢΢֮ӿ𣬴˫ȹڣĿһɣ˫ȭɽ֮ƣ֮ľȭֱϣϷչȭӡչҵײ
L񹦡
ذȭʮʽǧ
ȭȭ䲻ͣһƬ˴ȭ֮£ɽȶʼͣʱʱȭƫ켣ܵԼɽ֮ϣһȭۣ⴦ƽԭ类ɨڶ˵ĶԺ֮£һƬǽ塣
ƴ֮£ϣͬʱȭУżظ߸ߵ˳չһֹƣϢϿ°ҪʤһϷȻƽˮѾʼе㼱ǹ㣬еˡ
°˫Ŀ΢΢һ㱻׽ˣ漴ȭ˳ƺֱϷţһȭֿͣȭѹϢ׺
Ϸ״͵̧Уһȭƫ˭֪°Ʋȭ̺ؿڣϷӦҲѹٴν°ȭѹ£һȭɾʱ򣬳°ЦˣЦļթ
ҪˣһԵ곿һĻа롣
ϵˣ°һȣըףϷĤʹѣһӣ°˫ȭ˲һɺ˵磬УϷĶᡣ
˵ʱʱ죬Ϸ糶ʧ֮ʣ°˫ȭݺύȭһ籬Ϸ£Ϸһʱ˷ִ磬ֻʮɹ˫ۻסҪӲǱ°ȭӡֱȥ
L񹦡
ذȭʮʽԣ
°ȭأǿǿʲôϣϷı֪ʹȫеֵҲɱ°Ŀ಻ԣڷ纣ѪҲ߹˲ƶ˵Ѿˡ
Ϸûзڵȣȳ°ߵʱ򣬳°ֻһϢ֮Ѻ˰ȭʱҲֻң°ȭѾʼеˡ
ڣϷ͵һ˫Ŀʮɹ񱬷ӿȣת˲佫°ȭƾɢɾϷչ֮ʣǰĳ°Ȼˡ
Ұ°ϷһŤͷտ°֪ʱ°ѾֵĲ
ֻǶԴ׳ֱۣһֻϷס̣һֻ¿סϷĺ󲱾漴˴űѹǿѹϷҺǽڿֱ죬ҪϷȫֿȫѾ°ѹɷ飬ɼʹϷʹ˺ѷΣûȥ
Ǽȭɣ
ʹǳʹʹϷҺɺ֮ľʹϷǰһڣ˲ʧȥ֪
ԭ°һŵʱ򣬶˾ֻһˣ°һϷĺԺݺݵײڵ棬ͨļ١
һµĳǿͣѹһӣһƬɳʯ㰼ȥ׶ֱӽϷײ˹ȥ
°ſϷһ̲һ̱أ°Ҳ࿴һϷ߳Ӷǳ°ĲɱϷֻϷոջһ˲䣬һëȻɱϮɱˣһֻԹ۵곿
곿³ڳ°ǰʱߵѾȫͬˣ˵ĸоָֻ˶ʱɱ⾪죬ѹϢУ°곿ΪʲôˣΪʲôһֲܱϷĶ
ʼ㶼Թۣ㲻Ϊƾһ֮ܽһܰɣ°˫Ŀ磬곿Ц
곿΢΢ҡͷǿܲܰҪ֪
°һƲһ˼ڵҾͺˣʲô˵Ķô
곿˵ͷڵΪһѧаڽѧ˷Ǻ£˲ÿĶôҲû취ֻɱ
°üһȤڵô˵ӣҿô
û⣬Ȼܰʶɣ
һ䣬곿΢΢£˫ֽӡƣ˫ĿѪɺޱȣ˱һɺаԭʵվȻʼû
°üͷа죬գнĻҰû֮ﵽԲɵľ磬첻곿ʵԶеǿز¶صеˡ
üһǿۣ°üͷ壬һ漴˹Դɾ˹һɲǣǰ棬̲ס˸飬ǰһӰ곿·˲һ˳ǰ
곿һƻƳҲᣬûƷҲûо춯صƣȫûԣɾһƣȴ°ûûӦû㣬곿ӡԼϡ
ǲӡаб֮߸ҵĸ״ˣа¶ԸȥѧΪɡ
ʱһҵõⲿѧҲԵɵˣҾⲿѧΪģúܺãҲ֪ǽɣԱ֪һ֪ˣҾͱҪɱ
ҵñܣͬʱҲǱҵԸտʼʱɱ˺ܶˣһľӣĸϵģⲿѧʵ̫ϧˡ
ҾһɱˣһͲһܴˣˣ˵˺ܶˣÿʩչⲿѧҾͻỰ࣬Ϊϲҵĵ˷ǰܹ֪һЩҲĿôڣҲӦÿĿ˰ɣ
곿΢Ц˵һǰƣ°ţеѪҲƵƮĻţУ°ϳһֲ˼ľֱ飬оԼٽǰδеĽ
ӡ


ʮ ܣа
֮ڣҫһƺ˼ͶκӵϣȲߣƳһ˦ȷףͳҫĲ
ҫЦһźסκӵǲߣ˳һһٿɨߣ֮֮ͬɨκӵ
κӵüͷһǰһȷϷɨȻûУһŵľʵڹǿͣĳƤѹĴʹޱȡ
κӵ֮⣬һأ˫籩һ߳ȻҫȷҫͷЦҪȷԼҲżֱϣ˫ͬľˣ·һ߳κӵչҵıƴ
Ӱȡ컨׹
ȡǧ£
Ӱ죬ͣӰݺᣬκһڰ֮ϣ˵Űڶ֮ڡ
һԵļͶæ˹ֿ˫ĿӥһŰҫţֻҪҫ¶һ˿չĹơ
ƴУκӵɵ氡
ҫЦһϥǻ䣬סκӵȣһŤһκӵ˦棬ȸ߸̧֮ơԲֱ£ҽźݺݵ̤κӵ֮ϣѹֱȥҪȶʽ仯κӵѷһ
ȡһǿݣ
κӵһѪŭĿԲ˫ͫһݺݵĵҫһ澭Ĵ̹Ǻȫ汬Ҫҫ𿪡
κӵ뷨ܺãʵҪпᣬκӵȻСҫĽ֮ϣҰҫĿɲֻʽϵģϵľʽӵĺˡ
ۼκӵҪԼɣҫһ𾢷񱬷ת˲ѷѹκӵĺ䳹ɢԭѹκӵŵȻ𣬲κӵһ׷ӹƣȸո漴ͬʱȾףһǱصĺκӵ֮ϡ
ȡ׶ɽݣ
κӵˣˣҫǰͬʱͬһѰͱߴˣҪ֮Ĺ壬»ᱻҫɼʹˣκӵɳܲסҫߣعˡ
ҫһŽκӵ߻ص棬ѹһĿĵӣչƳʤ׷֮ʱͶɱ԰ҫء
԰ҫǿƣͶʵľѣڶİҫˣʵ֮һƥ֮ģۼκӵΣڵϦֲòȡ
Ͷļ죬δһɭаֻ˫ȭȭаޱȣƸдᣬǣ籩ףƼ䲻
霿㡤ֻءٵ
ţͦпͷģƲףҫ΢΢һЦڵ
һ䣬ҫ˫ƽչ޷תƵһȵĵ磬籩һ׺ƥһйؼ汸籬ĵâ𾢣Ͷȭɢ˱ˣ֮ϣһǵۡ
˫ͣ
ڼͶˣҫص棬ǿкҲòϢǰͬʱڰҫϡ
ͶһʹޱȣǱҴܣ˹ѹκӵعǹۣϥƣҫһжʤ
õģҸǻظʱ䣬ֻǽҿɲˣбɱҫżͶ䱸΢Ц˵
Ͷ޵ֱҧŰҫŭĿӣκӵֻϥǳһ漴ſʵϣһ˿Цݡ
òϣǰˣܵķڷκӵ΢Цҡͷ˵
ҫüһЦݸˣǰҫκӵΪеԭˣ˶ڳԼʧܣΪֻгԼʧܣŻʧȡѵԼʧܵԭΪδʤ춨
ʱİҫ˫Ŀ΢΢б˵ĺ⣬κӵһǰ;ľУԼһǰ;ĵˣԣɱģ㽫κӵɱ
磬ǻδܣǡ
Ͷ鼤Ĳ֮ɫֻĻû˵꣬ͱκӵִϣκӵ΢Цĵܣǰˣİҫֻд֮ƥУһͫûأͬʱĻѾˣ
ͶԻ뷴ʲôɻ˵ֻεҡͷ̾ϢΪʲô˵ڣΪ֪Щ˵Լе԰òϣİҫѷ֮ܵ
ҲΪûзͫգɣ
κӵ¶һɭѪЦݣ˲ҫüʶ򷨟o֮κӵĻʲô˼ˡ
κӵĻո£ܵƱȻըѣλͬʱһڶӰƷգۼκӵǰ
װӰκӵͶϥ¹򣬹ȵ٣үүܾˣ
ҫǲ㣬ȷǰϣ޿ɺǣǰˣ³ǲǱǿˣҲˣ㾡ȫǺɱҲôˣκӵ΢Цͷ˰֣漴ֿɫصİҫЦ
аְλʵҪ֮ϣаϴְַλĸߵʵҹʵãְλʱÿһεаһֵ¾ְλʱ̣Ӯ˳ְλֻһǾ
аĴַܲпᣬɾķаƵľνħʹʥƾʵѧĸ֣ĳ֮ȹϵλˣͨĺѿ
ʱ˿̰ҫǰһŮǵаλְ֮ȭľΪ߹һͷ֮ΪߣѴﵽ֮Բ֮ɵĳ̶ȡ
ڶΣѾҵڶαƵˣΪֻĸˣԭǰа˺Уκӵʵ㲻ңҪ˵ı£һ簡ҫһҡͷЦԼҪɱһѪ·ˡ
û취ҫĽٶʵ̫ˣһαһǿôȥһµĽɣֻܶź֣Աʱ֮κӵ˸΢Цص
ұǰ㻹Ǹ߹ˣˣллĿ佱ôսɣҫЦһ˫ĿһɣͫҲͬʱϢһӱÿֲޱȣ𾢺ƺһطӿƺ
һжӮˣһа˵ĻҫǱɰ
κӵɭȻаЦ漴վֱڵ޴󰭣ͶҲѾǱڵĵƳһѪЦݣκӵߣ˫ĿɱȻֱĿҫ
ûã˫ͬʱεض𣬰ҫֻһˣȫԲľΪǰľҲδûһ
κӵߣڣ˷ΧɱҫǽֻһĿģǾǽҫ׻ɱΪаȥǰ;޵ĸ󻼡
֮ս𣬱Ȼޱȣ֮أ°곿սַչʲôľ棬곿Īġӡһˣѳ°˸ţǲζţ°Ѿ׶༪١
֮⣬°ಲ¶Ȼһļ߸¡ûһ˿׸ڣƤ΢죬һƬǽ壬Ʊ쫷ɨһ㣬Ŀġ
ʱĳ°Ƶһʯ֮ϣ˫⿿ϥ֮ϣ˫½ǰ絶΢΢𣬿Զز곿
ĵӡȥͦ˵ģԭҲ˰
°Ц֮ŤŤӣһ½ǻǰҪ곿һɾû߳ͷϵĶڱһľ죬漴һӰڵһ㵹ɶ
°ʶŤͷӰͫ͵СʱʧɫֱӰȥ⵹ɳӰǰҫ


ʮ ҵֵܣ˫ս
°дӶڷ˶ǰҫд󾪣æ£һѪЦܣһغѹѽ
ǺǣʲôѹģħɱǲСѣĸ粻ҪģҪֵ֪Ͻ𰡣°ҫ֮󣬶ص棬ǰһҫˣһ΢Ц˵
ҫԵ˵ͷжһɺЦûֵϽ˵ǣˡħšħűĴʮֶǴܣаļţֵܶ˽վʹǣ
һЦսеǽϵСҫʹǿҲˣԽԽãʱҲ֮⣬˵Ӧ˭֡
ֻҪʱܸһǾϻжϣκһֹãôǹ첻µزµŽ³֣ұӵļᶨʱ˿̳°Ĺǰҫ֧ðҫǰΣ֣η塣
ĸ磬а˲ô㶼ˣ°ջüҫڵİ˲СԼϾ񹦵ĳǿԭǰѰ˸ѹסˡ
ҫȥǵѪգ˿ܿݲϣһƬǽĵ棬ԼԶԲѵϷ곿ˣһ΢ЦصϼͶκӵܹˣ
Ŷ˺ǿô°ʵ
ͷʵͷҪаҫŤŤӣ΢Цص
ааأѵͲǲеĺ󳾣°Ǹ߸Ц
Ǿһ̺ˣҫ΢Цص漴ջĿ⣬˵ܣͻˣ
°һ㶣漴ӺףһЦ˵ͷڵͻƣ֮Բˣ
̰ҫ֮󣬳°ǵڶ֮Բˣ֮ǰ곿ʱһ̣Ǳܱ˳ͻ֮ʵһֹ˲ӡ곿Ļȥ
ҫ΢ЦָָܺƱɨĵ棬ڵѹˣŪộ
°Цһոյս֮գڵӮñȽգҪͻƣ½վҪɥڴˡ
ģգ˭ֻǣҫ˫Ŀһָ̧򶴸ڲ߳κӵͶЦ
ѽŪţһĵܣԼ֣пܻȥôκӵпʯڣЦбۿҫ˵
ҾãпܣΪֵֹܵģҲУҫĴָָָĳ°΢Ц˵
Ŷκӵ̾һ°߻׳˶ٸˣŭ·һһͲĸо
ϾŶˣ㻹е㱾£κӵԲѵ곿Ϸ֮ü˫Ŀ׹֣ɭȻЦ
ұ¶أһ£°΢΢һЦκӵ˹֣һζʮ㡣
ҵӿɾôŻаҲе֮˵ģкɣκӵ˸ָո£ҫ°վĵ棬һϸ΢Ķ
ܣ£ҫһƲ˵ĳ°΢΢ͷһӣͬʱ߸Ծ
ǶԾһ̣ըһһһŮӶмֱܶеİҫ°е֮һĹŮ֮һ϶ڵȥء
аɴаˣôϲ򶴣İɣеİҫֵĵͺţ˫Իðɣ˵ܹɱˣôҫѾǧٿˡ
ɱ˫Ŀŭɶԭöɤɭɲ˫צݺύצ絶ɨҫȥ
צ溮ҫ˫۽͵һ֣˵Ļ𾢺ɽһӿצδҫһߣѱɢ
һвУαãƮ޶ɱҫĲָƿ籩һֱǣ񹥰ҫҪѨɾڹ֮ʣ˰ҫһ˵ĴڣǾǳ°
һֻץס˹󣬽乥߽⣬°һߣ˵㵱͸İ
ո£°̧־һȭصĺڹĸһȭľ൱ĺˣǾLӳֵģֲıȭ˺Ƥһֱɣɼʹˣ°ɫĺܡ
ɾޣ̼ѻҵȭаȻǷ֮
°а룬ͻȻ磬ƥ°ʶתܹǰһâ漴ջһ㣬֮ĽâǰһӰ߳Գ°͵Ϯɱ֮һĽ
°ٴηתоյıܿâżһʯڣأ죬Ҳѷɫ°ǰأгһâУˮкأ޿ײ롣
°Ŀ㣬΢΢ȭ˳ƺȭɽһ㱬޳дһִذ֮ɫޱȣȭӡǰĽâ׺顣
L񹦡
Ǽȭ䣡
ȭ׺âཻ֮£̼ɢΣվα˴ӣͬʱһûãһű˴˳ȥ
˵ҫɢצ֮ۼ°ˣаԭҪʩԮ֣ȴأȻצʵҫȸͲһϣ׾ٵı㱻ҫء
ڰҫȥ°һ֮ʱϷǳͻأĴһǿ磬˳£ͷһԭһߴ׳ȭ磬ҪԼӲĳ֮һȭ
˾ţȻܽ͵ȭᾢȭ缤ǣ
ҫˮаޣηתһɺ˵籩ȭеֿ
ӲӲĶԿȵľǹǿڹϰҫҪȭ߳ﲻֹ׾ٵı㽫紵ɢͬʱ籩ȭ಻ԡ
ôôҳȫ㣡ҫһ˶Ĥۣһӣ񹦵ھȫ汬ƥ֮ϣ˫֮ʱĪ֮ݺݵĳȭһ֮Եף޳
ȡʯ쾪
ȷУһŭȣӶڴӰ缲磬һֱ岻Զ뽣սĳ°ȥһֱҫȥ֮һĶ֮׵
죬ڰҫ֮ǰȭߣһץȭ򣬽˦һԣһ˫ֱϣƷѹϢ籩ףֱҫжȥҪҫӲƴһС
ơ꣡
ƶԺ䣬һľ죬صɽ֮ڣ˱֮£һ㣬ԭѾһƬǽɽȣڶ˵ྡྷϯ֮£ưܲ
Ϊ֮ף繦һʵǿабΪ֮µǿ֮ǰҫɶʱһƣɡ
֮£ҫ׷ɽʮ֮ԶҲȰҫ϶٣ʮಽÿһڵ̤һӣ˫ס֮Ҳûмɳ֣˴Ŀԣ񰵲ɱޱȡ
ȭ󣬳°ǱԵǽ붾˷ֱһսаҪǴ˳ȥ۽ӮȻֻ
ҫѴĺܣǲ֣û˽ˣĵȥԸ°ҫңûɣԶսκӵЦ˵
ͶԵ˵ͷȥκӵһСȡһҩУҩд򿪣һīĵ衣
״˵ˣŵܽҵľһڣ񾳵ĵزӦ㹻ɱҫ˰ɣ


ʮ ٶ֣һ
çĹ򣬷к𣬷Բǧţ˲ͣɢͣʯ£˲ǰ̽ʿ
һİڣ㱻˻ȥһ¶֮ɫкȻޱȡ
ʱķھ޶ûдﵽ񾳵ĸ֣ѳɽһĴڣ˷׷ײ²⣬ʲôĸֿ˾˵ƣȻԽԽ࣬ˣûС
ڣҫ°սаΪս֣ѾȻĵز°һæϢԴ
òϣĽĺ죬ͣѸͣ϶ʱʱ͵ϮɧţǸոͻƵ֮Բĳ°ӦҲΪ
ǰֱּֿ̳°ʺеĳһ£ܷ溮̹ǣȻȲڽУܣӵ쾡£ıʵɱֲ
°һҪһһȭ˳ƺȭ׺ƥ˷һɨ°ֲҪĹʽƵĳ°òлرܡ
ǸҪķӣ°аһθոƶ۽˫ֶƣͬʱĳȷ棬ƾֶͣδѾѹĳ°ƤʹɼĶѾˡ
ǧɷ֡ģ
ƽ°ɨһȭصĺڶ֮ϣǿľɨɣȻǷɳȥˣǶĶɲ°ֱ֮ϡ
ƣŵСתɱ֮ɫֻüͷ΢΢һ壬ֱϴʹУа⣬æ˹ֿɢ
Ǻǣ׷ˣĳ涾˶޿ײ룬Խ˹ֿɢľԽ죬ðӵʱ䣬㽫Ϊһ̲Ѫˮȫʬվ֮󣬶ųЦ
˵ʲô˵һ顣°ԴڻصʱСѾָķɫеġ涾Ѿβ汻׻ˡ
ⲻܣˣԼĶжԼɳ°赭дľͽ仯ˣеԽܡ
УС֣Ҫ˵㻹ܶĹ򶾾ԪνĶֻǵСѣ°һЦܹ֮ٶ֣⻹Ҫ鹦۵
򶾾Ԫһƶ⣬Ķܷţһܷҫ˵ڣһС򶾾ԪıԴ
ɱԴԪİٷ֮һȻСҲðҫ˼ʣѰؼ˹ܱл⡣
ģ񡮳涾ĶأҲ΢תһܻһɶԣĶڳ°ڵ򶾱Դ˵С׼ףֵһᡣ
ۼԼĶûЧаŭһı¶ڶ֮һԳ°ûãսһ൱͵ĳ̶ȡ
ûôˣ°˫ĿһУк磬ǰһ̤˱ֱȥ
״ʧɫų°ɽͻһ㳯Լæ˹𣬺ӦԽ°Ŀֲơ
°Ҳûʧ֮죬ƿգգۼѵǰֻ΢΢Ծ˫ȭ䣬ȭѹϢһǱֻҪжֻһȭ⾢ӣʹҲҪѲƤ
L񹦡
ǼȭΧˣ
°ȭͣǼȭʽԣԭʼֱӵĹʽԵ˽лԵĴʽܲȴǳʵãԹҪ󲻸ߣƵҪܸߣƲ㣬ͨȭʽǿʢ޿ɹơ
ʱĶǿ಻ԣ°ȭƴıͷܣǱڽæǰԮǰ仯Σ֣ɶؿڻ˳°һȭʹ죬˲ᣬս°ҲȡһСơ
ؿҫߣ֮ףһޱȣҫҪʤȻΪҫʵҲѷɫҫ٣ټȭĻϣûУҫòǡ
ĸ磬Ǳ߳ŵסô°ʵ
ģû£ͶȥǱˣҪСһЩһҲͦģ⡣ҫһȻ磬ȭҲȥͬʱæأɼȻƽţʵӦҲࡣ
ҵǱȽϵǸκӵҿ̷һŵҩ֮ͱúܹŹ֣°˫ȭã˵ȭͶڵһ俪漴͵͵Ƴһ۶ڵκӵʱκӵϥɫĺӿϢҲʼԽԽʢ
Ҳˣǵսپˣҫз˫ͬκӵء
и뷨˵ǿ°
ҫ֮΢΢üȷôʲôΣհɣ
ΣеģҲήһˣľ˵˷У°ص
Ǻðɣ֮ҪǿʵڲУķӡҫһ۲Զĳ°̾һء
ڶһ֮󣬰ҫ°ű˴˽ӽеɻͬʱҲʼ䱸ΪǶʲôıʵ֤ȷıġ
ҫ°Աп֮ѺΧ֮ƣ빥˶ȥƼ侪ˣֻȻͣʵ˶͵͵һ֣ҲͶڣܹɣֱҫ˶ȥ
ʱҫ°һۣ˵ͷҫһԲת
˫Ű˫۵ĻӶγһֱʮǿǳ̫ͼΣǿк˵ķ籩ȫǣ˹ֿҲɱǣĶᣬòǱ
Ųƣ
Ͷ߷һ㣬ķ籩֮ʣ°˫ƽǰ΢΢ɽȻͬڻںϽ֮ǰҫ뷨ɰҫᣬȻչɱһ
ǳ°ô˿ûһʡ͵ĵƣʵ°ҲûаգҲֻԿ̱Ǹո޳ɲõLһ
L񹦹ߴǰȻ֮йأֱΪطˮ죬°Ѿгɣһ翵Ѫ⣬ֻʣںˡ
ںϣ˵򵥣ϼѣÿں϶ΣգںԽ࣬Խͬĳɹ֮󣬹Ҳ֮ȵ
һУ°Ѿﵽĺһĳ̶ȣֱǵطˮĴںϣ°ҪԭеĻϼ⵱еѶȣĺһʮֹȻ°һǰСɣʩչɺܺʱ䡣
ĸ磬У˹һ֮󣬳°һͺȣ˫Ŀⱬ䣬ֽȻͬҺΪأΪ𣬵ΪˮǳΪ磬Ϊ죬һҡ
°һ䣬ҫУķ籩˲ʧеһûǣһңʼȻ׹ڵѪҲһͿ֫鸡ͷۻʱսʮһ
ֱ׹ʱʯһ˲䣬°ˣܿ죬Ĳ˼飬գ֮ѵǰһȭֱظȭںϼӳֱֲ֣ӽ˺ɳʮԶһʯ֮ڡ
һӣ·˲һĳ°гڹǰһȭɣ֮Ϣ֮ڣ°ֱӺ˾Ľޣûֵһǰ̧־ƽƽһȭ
ɾƽƽһȭó°֮ȭһ㱻ɣ֮׵ͶҲͬ⣬һȭݺݺɣ¶˳еֵˣҲɵסǴݿȭ
°ص֮󣬲ŹȥϢʱ䣬ͬڵߴȴһͿأLһǿķ˼


ڶʮ һĳ񾳣


ڶʮһ ľ棡콵
սҫԽԽ˷ܣκӵʱԽԽľҫ˷ܵǣԽԽᵽŽսħ˵ôһˣÿһακӵˣµĵţмֿ˻
κӵľǣֿʼе㿴͸ҫˣҫʽԾΪʽ仯Ī⣬ʩչ쾡£ת֮ȫûɬС
ҪǣеҫڸԼʱÿαԼˣ֮ʱᱻ֮ǰǿһ֣˵ԽսԽǿƵκӵʽڼԼʽ˸顣
Ȼҫһֱ·磬ϵıִˣκӵʼûа취ҫɱйȥҫȻѾ˺ۣսȴǿǰǡ
κӵд󺧣ͬʱ֮ǰ̷ĵҩҩļŴʱĳΪҲڲϵ˥ˡ
ԣļһøҽֵʱԼңڵҩڼҪԭˣž绹û˥֮ǰҪһزУκӵҧзݣӦԵļƲߡ
̷ĵҩазҩþΪﵽǿߣݵһӵʱ䣬ֻľΪ
˵Ƽ书ЧѾﵽƷҩĳ̶ȣҩĵĵرǴﵽһ֣Ҳֻаƴ֣ܸɵ
ɼʹˣаҲʮŶѣκӵҪԼаүݣҲòŵҩʹõҲǸ˲ƵĴۡ
ΪƼĴڣɱҫӦʮþȵģľȴ쳣ΣķһƼûɱҫĻôκӵʹŻȥҲᱻ
κӵǲ£µ˻ⷢӶ˵ǸʵѧȴƫƫҪװĶ磬Ҳǡа񡯵ӣ졣
ؿǰκӵ֮ҫӲƴһǣ߱ɳ׿⣬ס֮ɫ԰ֽǺѪȴ΢ЦͣһΣҫû̹Ƿǳı˫ۡ
ҫԺڷԼκӵʱĸоͬʱа룺ˣأȻ̨֮֮ͨ飬֮ͨ飬Ϊãԭǳ񰡣
ۼҫ˼ԼɿκӵӶˣŭ֮£ʮɹ˫ֱҫȥ
һֻþ춯ݣκӵٿշɳ壬׵ľ룬ǿƾӲĹγһ׵ۣ֮ǿ֮ͣǿԸӣƼ侪ˡ
ơ
Ʒ棬ǿҫ͵һ˫Ŀо磬֮ǰĳ˼ҫԳһ͸˽⣬ǱĬ֮£ҫԼûзԭԲڶĳ׸졣
İҫѾﵽеĵ飬֮ɣҲֻͨӶ֮飬ɴﵽԲҲֻһ֮ң
ǰǿнҫ΢΢񹦵ĵھױʮɹµİҫ𾢷ӿ˺ƻֻ˫ַת֮۳һֱһ׵漴˫һƣ𾢱ֱκӵȥ
һ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬𾢷񼲴ܣϯԲʮ׵ķΧ˵ĻＴȼһֽһٳ޵ƣκӵҲ˳û
Ӧý˰ɣҫһֹš
úأ
һͺ˰ҫһһǰ˷ǳͻأɢһȱڣð̻ͷκӵգۼѵ˰ҫǰ
κӵ˫չһҫס±һɼֲ԰ҫмѹҪù뾳Ϊ˫ѹȣҫԼĻС
κӵѹҫؽҧһ֮ɫȫ汬κӵ澭жԿոͻƣһͻƣʹʣ޼Ҳƾʵֿһ
ʱ˿̣ҫκӵƴľ˭ȳŲס˭͵ҪôǱֿסκӵѹҪôκӵ֧ŲסҫľѾ˲ĵز
ˣְɣһԵĻڰҫκӵĶߣҫ΢΢һ㶣һϤ
⣬һɫĽ⣬֮һ꣬곤磬ͦΣһϯۣüĿƤ׾پ£ʲ˧һͿ
ҫˣʱЦˣʶˣԼѹʦɽĶӣͬʱҲǽƷɵĵӣ˳ơСɡ
ŽɼѾھ֮Ϲ۲ãҲ˵ӵг񾳵Ϊĳ񾳣κӵҩ߷ĳ񾳡
ҫҲ΢Цͷ漴̧һָβָָһϸİ׹⽣âҫκӵ֮ķ϶С
âʮ㣬ޣ𶯣˵׾ٵĻ˶˵ͷųͬʱҲһԣ֮ߣΪ֮̾Ϊֹ
ôˣҫһڴȡһƿҩ򿪾ﵹһߵһ߻ǵš
Űҫ˵ҩǶԣĶ˶Ƥ΢Цڣһ˵˹Ϣһ£ｻҰɣ
ҫԵ˵ͷת°ߣҲеĿҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷʾ޷ͬʱϥʼ˹ˣΧһвܲʡ
ʱûжκӵ̧ͷգڵ壬ˣҿˣɣ
۾ͦ⣡
ո£дһ̶ĺХһۣаЦһ죬׹ڵ֮ϣԶ֮κӵ˫ͫ΢΢һ͸һԱɷ
Ҳ뿪ɱ䣬뿪ɣ국˵
ûⰡֻǣһҪһĻҲ潻ƤЦ˵Ƴҫ
һҡͷ˵ֵǰҫĻȰ㻹Ǵͷڣֵġ
㵱治ãԴ㶵ʵ
Ҳػ˫Ŀ罣ֱ壬صҡҡͷ״̾ϢһڵȻˣôߺÿҲ򲻹㣬治̫ҵģɽˮ
ǳŵһ֣Ҳûٶ˵ʲôת˳κӵ˰֣΢΢̾Ϣз˫ۿҫ˵ҫ֮䣬꣬һ죬ҵϡ
ԶĿİҫƤҲ΢Цʱ̣
κӵһҲԣԶһڣʮ˴ɽ֮ɴܶɻԲѵļͶϷ곿Լа˷ͷɴȥ
аȥ֮תҫߣЦ˵ҫ鷳ı£վаΪждˣԺûаӿɹ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˫Ŀһоתƿҩ̽ǣžת԰̣״̬Իָһ࣬ܵ޴󰭡
ҫ˸һڣ΢Цصһ֪ûаӹƽаô
һҲǵģ֪ажӴôҲֻǱɽһǰˣҪƽа㻹쿪Цҡͷڵ
֪ǣΣаƴҲм޵ģɱһɱһ˫һҰҫܽⷽأаֵĴڣҫ΢΢һЦᶨƣ֮΢Цص
ʼ磬ڵǾһݰɣʦ˵ˣֱ֮ʱȫ㣬а
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ڵǰʲôô
̾Ϣһҡҡͷ漴̧ͷʦû£ֻǶʱڻزѡ


ڶʮ ٴαչأ𸮵̬ȣ
çĹһСʹĿջУа˵ŵ㣬᷿κӵ۾һգգĽ壬˵Ǵģ
үҪүҲǵİΣûдħǰ£Ұбġһ裬ЦĻص
κӵһ㶣漴Ц·ЦЦһ㣬ͲûشˣҲӲӵЦţûдκӵǿŵľٶ
κӵһֻŶӣһָֻ壬Ц˵ǰʲôʱҲôὲЦҴң˻˵ˣңǣǻ֮
κӵĻζʮ㣬Ҳգ˰֣ЦүˣϾͬʱаµãֵ֮伴ʹеСԹҲѪŨˮĴڣүôүڲأ
ȥģκӵ͵һ˫ۣƿڴһ䣬ԵĲ輸ĵķ顣
壬ƨѪŨˮڲ˵ʱôû뵽ѪŨˮҵֽŽ׸Ʒɵʱôû뵽ѪŨˮȥѪŨˮҹȥǸһҸĳԹֻһܻ⣬ԺЩƨҡ
κӵѪ˫Ŀ֮еĶݺݵĶ壬κӵҧźһ仰䣬ɫһ̲˵ĻһᴫڲڸܵʱҪסǵĿ꣬Ϊĸ˶Թ¼ƻʧܣ֪
һ㲻ҪңȻ߰ɣҪϢˣκӵɫļҪγѪ
ȻˣͲүϢˣ¸ˣһһ񣬱ǵ뿪ˡ
ֻ᷿ʣκӵһԭλû˫˫ֱͫĿǰдʵ˵ģɱҫԺһֵ㡣
ʱҫ°𸮵פظȥ𸮵ηϽαװ׼ȷĵص㳣˸޷ڳ°ǧ˿ƵĹϵҲ֪׼ȷĶλģͣǸȥ
ҫУǳУûôеҪչأѾ֪ԼľΪٴͻˣﵽ֮ľΪʵһء
ǰҫԤУоԼͻȥҲκӵǰͰˮĳ񾳣ս֮µİҫͨ˳񾳵İڸоԼֻҪչؾһʱȻиͻơ
һ·Ҳ˵ЦȻ֧ƬпƷɿܳʲô£ûǼһֺǺǵӣƺĶԷİΣҫҲȻˣûжʡ
ʲôƷĵǿ߶ûԼʹҲǰʣΪûǸʵ֡
ɳ°ӣҫĿҪ󱼳ʱһɽ֮Уһ·Ҫǰҫ֪·ܵûӰˣϵĴߴ£°ûаͣȫʱ䶼ڸ·ϡ
ڶ˹ΪտĻҫҲҪҫһ޴ӣ°оΡ
ѽѽܣĸҵȲˣҼһ侲ұչأһΣ´ξûôõĻˣ취ǽȥ
ҫų°˫֣дʣһֿͰ͵°ĳ°ﶼе㷢ëˣƿһԣ漴˫ĿƳſһöɫƯ𣬻Ϊǹ⣬ɢ֮ϡ
ЩɫĹɢȥ֮ǰĿռһ֮ɢһ͸ϳǰڲһߴĽȺ𸮵פˡ
ϳ֮ʮ󺺼ܶڰҫǰֻڲҫ棬˫ӣһǰһȵߺˣʾͨƣ򣬸ɱۣ
°˵ͷִСóһ鴿ɫƣϿˣ£ҫ貵Ľ⡣
ʮһƣһ֮嵥ϥ¹ȵӭ
°΢ЦͷתͷҫʱһãȻĶԼ΢Ц˵뿪ʱ򣬸ҵģˣҲͦõġ
ҫ˫ĿŹ˵ͷĹøǿ׼Ҽ࣬һ°𸮵ĵλΪͣƣһҲ㲻ġ
˽֮ڣһ󺺴һöģʧܵĻȻûиı䣬Ǵ濴⴦ɽǿһֻһͨͨɽȶѡ
ڰҫ˽ڲ֮󣬻ûȰҫѯʾ֮أǰһӰӰոճܵĴٴˢˢĹ򵹣ȵμ
ˣûǵˣ°ɣˣҫȥĸҪڶԴɵˣӰ˻֣ڵͳ˴ԡ
ҫһ㶣漴ϲüңӰ˹֣л
ʿյĿҫĽñ۽簡Ӱ˵ͷȻֻе飬п԰ҫǼΪ͵ġ
Цˣⵥ΢ĩУ㸮֮һֻҪ߶ˣҫ΢΢һЦԴǴžη֮⣬Եúǿס
ˣò͸Լһûʲô߶Ų߶ŵģȥɣͻƵ򣬿ǵòʧӰһЦŰҫ˵ͷڵ
ҫ΢ЦͷҪһȥ֮ʱǰһߣЦҸһɣͻҪܰﵽġ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷӰʩһ񣬿ҫһͬ뿪ˣ˼ٷɴ֮ʣӰŤͷ˵ıӰ˵ͷţ˰˵ʱˣ
ʱֳֻʣӰ°Ĵڣ°Ҫ֮ʣӰ˰֣ڵﲻ˵ĵطȥ¥Ǽ̸ɣ
һ䣬ӰɢΣ°ʩһ񣬳ŽȺߵǴ¥ȥ¥Ķ㣬˾ͽԲʯԵһ裬һ߸Żе̣ͨѩףеɫͼƣģɰʱ΢˫Ŀ˾ͽĸ
ûһᣬ°˾ͽǰʩһ֮󣬺һ˸˾ͽ΢΢һЦ֣ʾ£°ԱߣΪ˾ͽ衣
ˣСС˾ͽ豭ᴵһڣЦ
ȣҲԶˣͻƵһ飬ҲԶˣ°һЦ˵ǸǰҫҫĽʵ䱳ĸо
ĳƣֻ㻹ûзְˣҲᣬĿģҳְһͬԸŰɣ˾ͽһƣ΢Ц
°һ㶣ʵ˸ô֪µģ
˾ͽһЦ°ڵǸаҲûʲô˲ģṹɢɹĶǣҪһҲ׵ĺܡ
°͵һ˾ͽĻͻȻ뵽һ£Ȼ˾ͽܰߣаأȰҫԺǱҪΪ£úõһӦ֮ˡ
˸ȻѾ֪ˣ֪̬Σǰﻹǲ°Ȼֱ˵˵
˾ͽһ٣ͷ˼ûƺ˾ߣǸ߸ٴο°ڵҵ̬ǣϣҲܸ̫İﵹǿԵģϾаҪһͳʵ֪ˣֻǰڵһЩûְˣξīһȥɣ
°ԴϲҪڳл֮ʣ˾ͽִֹ̧סĻЦν˸㣬һбҪ졣
˸˵ֶģƴǡ
֮󣬰ȥǵıһ
Ǻ
ģٺ٣


ڶʮ ң
ҫαչһ࣬Ҳûгصļó°ĸн
ǲΪ˰ҫİΣǣϾʵʵĳڣҫҲʲô£żԶϷֵǡ
ǰ°ͨͨѶĵ֪һ£ԼֵǸַˣǽţֲõľƣǳĲֹۡ
ģ޷̰ɫҪûᱡȻǱİ²Уٵһˡ
ҲǵԴͷڵ֪µȥ֮廹侲˼ƮƮȴˡ
ʵǿԴֱټǵòѾƮƮﶼǸˡ
ַ޷ɣȻǽѼԼ񷸮ľǰȥָ˵ʵҲȥ鷳˼
ٶȥʵУ֪ʱΪʱƮƮţտʼֻǿڽǣһ㲻Ǿ˵ϵĹ˫滹û˵䣬ͱҶĶ˵˱Ƴ˻һ֣˫չ˼伤ҵĶս
սȻһ浹߼ԼҲˣƮƮǱйˣɱ˴ıͷܣǱ
˵ҲȤⳡǳϷ绯ĴսʵĲƮƮҲҶĵ񷸮
ۿԷ˶ڣվ˳˵һǳĻ˵Ϊ˶ͿĵˣЩʱ˶δʹ󡣡
⻰˵֮󣬸տʼƮƮݺݵĳЦһǰΧ۵ʮŶǲΪȻɽĻĿɿڴƮƮЦˡ
ֻһƮƮİӢȫˣȷе˵ӦǶˡ
ĿұʲôǶȻľ򶾾ԪãԶÿʼԽĵӦһԼ֪ΪʲôκθֹصĶܽ䷢ӵ£ֱһ츳
ɲôֻ֪࣬һ£ȻԼ벻ô붾ΪˣĶǶⲻڡ
ҫ˼˭ҪͰ˭˼У۸ں˾Ǹ۸һҪ֣ǰЩ˶ˡ
ĶҪƮƮ˶ڻ£ȴֹ˵˶Щ˻ûʲôҪƮƮҲˣͻӼʰ
ȻǴ֣߼ѹƮƮָĴʦֵӳ󷨻ѧȫѹԷһͷ޻֮
ҶĶߵĹֿͣ뻯Զ̹ǿļ䲻Ҷֻǰѡ
ҶĵṦһоһָģǰ˴񾳿֮Ҳ޲ڣҶҲȫѹغץǱ
ٶټϟo񹦣ߣωTǿֲıϰڱܣʮбռϷ磬ƽܣսҲö˵˵Ķ֮£ĺߴȫѹơ
ƮƮǸǲö˵ʲôֻͷŰ㽫ƮƮⳡ־漰Զ˽Ҫȡôʤ֮ʣ񷸮ֲˡ
ʵ񷸮ʵҲûб濴ȥô򵥣ڵĸҲв٣⵱л񾳵̫ϳϵĴڣβҲǰƽϢסġ
ȻѾƽϢ˫֮ĹϵѾûǰˣһԽԽľƣƽﲻôҲʺϴ۵СۣŭƽƮƮϴ򲻹ˣҲֻܱʹ˵ڮˣǵ
һа˵˶˿˵ǰ᲻һˣ˵ǽеſƮƮһĴս֮󣬸⡣
˵ѲŰ»˵İ˸ˣ˵ɲʶôçûûء
ߵǣﻹ˰ҫϣ˵һȥأѶԭΪа͵͵ˣ˵ҫ޵࣬Ҳǿļȹϵģ䱾˲ûʲôʵѧ
Խʱסˣһָ˵ԽŪԽңԽŪԽ㣬ҳһ࣬аҫСŶҲ˲òľ档
ڰҫ°ȥһµµף񷸮֮ϣ١ָСҶġɷ۴˴
ǶƮƮ񷸮λλɫ壬ǲ񷸮λ̫ϳϣΧза˵ʮţһֻΪһ£ǾΪⳡ񷸮ҫ֮Ҿֻһ㡣
Ҳ񷸮ҾӢӣҪǲĽͣ߳ţ֮ϣƮƮһߵĲ輸ָŭͣߵĲ輸һĸ顣
Уӣǲ𣡡Ҷһ˫ĿͬҲһƽߵĲ輸飬վָƮƮȵƮƮҲûʲô˲ģҶʲô£ǲֺٻļһҪû˿ɽƨǣ
һλƮƮŭˣֱۣĶҶģűĿǣ˵֣˵һΡ
ҶķǳмƲһۣЦ°ܽû˵ķݣҪһϺˣһ˰ȫʰˡ
ҶҲûп˵ʵڵĲ񷸮Ʋλ̫ϳ岻̸˵˰ҫһֹһǰ㡣
Ҷһ˲˵ƮƮһƽǾģο潻֣ҲӲȫ濪սƮƮҪһˡ
죬µĳɺͳǼ𣡡˵ֱߵһ̫ϳϣһף쳹֮ڣ˵ѹ¡
Ҷ΢΢üһ̫ϳϣֿ٣߰˰֣ҶһƲ˻ȥƮƮҲϢģٶԡ
ˣҹΪ˽½ģǰŪԽԽ㣬ˣ֣ɷ񽻳ҩ忴˵
񷸮ǰӢڱ֮ʱɻԲѣĶʵ̫ˣ񷸮ĽⶾҩȫûãΪȥ⣬ҪĹòʧϾʵ̫ˣҲֻҪҩ
һۣ漴Цǲ񷸮ôԼôοҽҾ͵ýôֲûҪɣ
ѣĵѣɫǳĲÿûڣƮƮ㲻⣬һģ¾Ҫùأڽб֮Ҳ⣬ⶾԼ⣬û˻㡣
Ŷҳ϶ȷ֮֮вǵı£簡Ц䳰ȷ
һߵһ̫ϳϲˣз˫ۣȵСעԴǣҳԣɱ˵ҪԴġ
ƲߣɭһЦڵҪҵȷĶ֣ǣ㹻ʱɱ֮ǰˣҶô
̫ϳûѷըŭĿԲݺݵĵʲôݣһСв˵ֱܴ衣
ɷĶĺϰжľӢӣһ˵ĶҲ൱鷳ĴڣҲֻɵۡ
ˣ˵䣬˼˵ˣüڵ
ʼնǲһԣҲ̬ˣɾҪ֮ʣһ٬Ļӵ⴫˽
ʦ֣Ҳ뿪ûãô۸ҵֵǣ᲻̫һ㡣


ڶʮ ҫĿĻˣ
ÿҲ֪ǳ˭ĿУ˰ҫҲû˭ˣҫ°ͬʱ߽ʱ˶סƮƮǴʧɫ˵񲢷Ǽڰҫϣ
ãòͶľĿ⣬ƮƮ΢΢һЦ
磬㣡ƮƮ˫ĿŵĿ˲Լ۾е㲻̫š
ƮƮ׶磬ɽĶӣɽϥ¹һŮ죬׼ĶһԺ֣˼ȡԵƽ׽ˣƺʩԵáŮƮƮŰ裬۸ڶԵеһƴ
Ҳˣ껹ڿɽׯʱƮƮǷǳųģȻڻԹ˴˼ĹϵҲǱȽ϶ӵġ
һʱһʱʱɽׯڣȴѾˣƮƮֻʣôһˣʱȻǸпǧϲޱȡ
ƮƮȻǺܴҲԲǴˣǸŰҫģôǶ˵ĹϵȻǽõģãôԼ߿ɾ鷳ˣףԼηѣǲվԼˡ
ƮƮͻȻͷ˼Ҳûж˵ʲôֻ΢Цͷλ壬ڵʦ֣Ҳͬþò㹦ͣɷ˰
嶨˶΢Цҡͷ漴˫Ŀ⣬ֱֺǺǵ˵϶ү㣬Ȼõǰĺ񰮣ΪҵӣСɾܸͣȰ
һٴεһܵõǿ߽ƷɵҵӣɲϻôˣֱʮĴ»ĸԴ
Ǻ˶ĺܣĳɾͻǰ㣬һˣ˿ҲԾתɾη֮ɫͬʱ֮⣬ʹʲϽ飬ҲԲܵ
빧ά뼵ʵĻÿɷһЦҲû˵ʲôԹԵĸڰҫߣҫĳ֣ҲһĹƵģԵø
ҫԼֵǣԼ͵Ŀ⣬΢΢һЦڵҰɣ
Խ΢ЦӦҫ˵ͷ漴壬΢Цڵʦ֣ʱһЩ˵Ұҫǿȹϵ˵ûʲôʵѧҺİ
Сʦ˵ﻰҪûʵѧ˭а˵°ֵçĹսаеԼаɹˣʵҪ˵ûʵѧ˵⻰˻Ϲһ˫أ˰֣Ц뻺ֳεա
ҫ΢΢һ㶣˫Ŀ죬°ͣ㶵˵˵⻰ƮƮģ˼˵ɶ۾Ϲˣ
һڳЩΧŲûЦҫЩֵǸ̿һЦһֳЦĿƮƮȥһ
Ҫ˵Ĺ򣬰ҫҪ޵ˣٸһ𶼼ϰҫ֣һ˳ˮۣõǡôѹƮƮ棬Ǻݺݵɨ档
˳ЩԼһӾͻһɶһãҺɽЩ׽ҫߵŶаĴ磬̾ҫƤӣҲ
ҫʲô˼ңɣƮƮˣһ˫߬ļҪγѪǸҧгݵģ·ҪǰڰҫҧһɱˣҫѾʬ޴ˡ
ƮƮҫҲգǸװɵģתƮƮʼ磬ڵôҶ˵Ѳɣ˵ģӲҪԺҲû취ˣ
һ䣬ЩЦҲ̲סˣһֱЦҫҶţֱӹЦͲûشˡ
ΣǼʶ˱ӰҫȿѰ·ƮƮз쭵ļ󣬴˵䣬һнԼƮƮԹĿ⣬ûҧˣ߷߲ƽⳡû̵Ŀսȫ
ҫۼԼռ˾ԵϷ磬ҲŪ̫˰֣΢Цѽոտôţ͸ҿ˸СЦƮƮʦ֣ӦòôСŶ
ϻܷôٸ£Ǳǣűߣ㣬лһģ
аȴǹŵЦݣڵСʦܣ˵ﻰǶԼˣôƽأǻ⣬¼ǰӦҲˣøνأ
ҫƲƲ죬תתָƮƮ˵ʦ֣иͽӵϷƮƮô
üش⣬ΪĴаҫ»ֲòô˫۾ԼԼҪǲɨˣΪ֤֮һųˡ
ԼŮ˱˵ϷԼ޶ԣųʲôҫĻʵĺˮƽǽҲҲǣ治֪ôˣоðҫڸǸ󣬶ƮƮҲʶ˰ҫ˼вԾİһá
һúýѵǸһ֪Ѷˣ̾Ϣһڻص
ûڳ˶ôԼ˱˵Ϸܲôô˴ʦ㲻أƮƮֻôҫתͷƮƮʵ
ƮƮʵƿԣ˭ҵϷȻǷǸˣ⻰ѿڶɻҲǱָ˻ȥ⻰˵ɻᱻҫסȻû˵
Сʦܣ˼Ҷߣ³ֽѵһҲǺƽģǣСδҲ̫һɣСһΪɢƣһ˰һ˵
ҫǺһЦҡҡͷ˫Ŀ͵ı⣬ЦôֻǱΪûı˰ɣûҪѾܸʦˣҪڳĻʦ֣ջȥֻһˣѾܸ˰
ԵҫĻܰԵ˵ȴʱڳ˻µǰʱеҫĻǳ
ɫ֮ͽڽݣ޷ɵΪǺɫ֮ͽıԣҲ޿ɺǵģֻ϶ԷһΪѾǸˡ
Ҫ̯ڳĳЩǰƶֻǷ϶ԷΪô򵥣ֳʼ۷׷ף˳˶վڰҫߣΪ˵
˼ǣСǾȡˣ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ҫ
ѵô
ҫɫһͬ壬˫絶Լ˵ƣͻȻеһĻŵĸооԼڰҫǰúСǳСӼʨƵģԽԽš
ʵﵽزȻ֪һǾһжǿƣжǿʵҫŲѣôܺܺõ֤һʵ
ҫʵǿˣ֮ǰʱҪǿǿ˶٣ǾҪֹ֪忪ʼҫһһǿԼͻָϲôԼλӻôҫҪԼܱסа˸λô뵽Ҫ֤һ£һǳؼ¡
ðɣСӦãССʹɣ¾ôȥˣ˭һ£ֶҲ񷸮ӢӣòϣֵĶȷж֮ǺѽĵСʦи㰡Ѿʼˣ̾Ϣһڵ
ҫ΢΢һЦȻԼҲѹȵ̫΢΢һЦתͷЦСܣ
ĸϣһȥ⣡ƲƲ죬ڻص
Ǿˣ
Ƴһۣ˰֣ڻصҪллĸˣҵĸǲҿɲ
˵ֱ˵㣬Ҳ⣬漴ҫ΢Цô¾ôˣϣỵǵĺСʦܣç֮еĽΰ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵǿһ£ôˡ


ڶʮ ֮ߣƣ
Сʦܣô˵ͬæˣ̫ˣ̫ˣһű㲻Ϊˣľϲ֮ɫЦ
ҫ΢Цͷ漴ָָ°ڵ𸮿ϰæɲΪŶǿֵܵϣԸֵģ
Ҫл°ˣ°պʲô£ܿڱǣȻǡԴǵ˵
°΢΢һЦ˰֣ڵøҪĵ̫ˣ˵˸㣬޳ġ
Ȼ˹ȴôɲµķ񣬸ʲôҪ󣬾ܿڱǣҷаֻҪеģƴǣһӣºڡ
˰ʵһֺʵĶǣ棬ҶԺദһǣ棬ǹƾ͵÷ֵˣ˵ĺɷаʮȴǰüֹ
а飬Ǻô̾ŹȫģǻҪ󣬻Ҫ꣬ǵԩͷ
ڳоųɵ˶ôģҲСֻ˵岻֮а˵ŽҲֻǱ϶ѣʵϣǸ̥ΪŶԡ
˵˼Ǳе˿ͨ͸һǰҫһҺɽ˱˴˽ղЦЦɫĿôԾĹ
Ϊĺֻʵ䷴аֻһǾŭƽλҲ̫á
øˣҪĶŵıֻҪŴ֮Ȼ󽫴ϱɣ֪øΣ°΢Цص
Уû⣬֮űĶ𸮵ĸѡ𸮵ĸǽǵһ뱦ˣ㱾ȫ˵
°΢ЦͷҲ˵ʲôʵ֪γٸԮǣ
ű뼯λеˣ°Ц
һֳһƬȻͷӶ֮ٴ𸮵ײűԼصʮ𸮼óϾ֮ĸ֣ɼ𸮶ιŵӡ
ɫԵñȽüͷǲϿ𸮼㳲Ҳӱŵǿ𸮶ò˵İףԼߣŵ֮ǿѾ൱ˡ
ʦ֣ҾӦʵһ㣬ŵжǿǵôԺ֪ҪǸðѹιŵĲⶨòǣҫǣ΢Ц˵
һﾪˣصĵ˵ͷҫɫСʦ˵¹شҿҲõȵˣղײգڰѹŵľ˰źðɡλʲôߣԱǣҵȹͬ飬Ѽƻ£׼
廰һ䣬Ǵ˵Ļբֹ᳹νĳԣÿ˿ʼ׼ƣһʱ֮ڣַǷҶһһ˵Լ뷨
ʮ˵Ųͬļ⣬Ȼгͻһ͸ˣµļƲ߲ͣĳ֣Ҳͣı˰ʱûóһ׼ȷķŪһͷе㲻䷳ˡ
۰ҫʱһ²ؼģԼֵԼçĹʱκӵ˵ĴսΧӵĻȫܲˣĵĭɣ㵸ҲĽζʱʱĲһЩؼ
֪Уֹȥһʱ䣬ҺɽʵڱĲˣŭһ˶죬ʵʱ򣬴ŵķѾȷˣһǷΪɡ
һΪӦ콥Ƚŷֲؾݵþݵȫ̲٣һһĲʳʹԮٱٳ£ų߽⣬Ǳɵ뷨
һᳫҪѸײڶ춣ʲ֮ƣֱУ̳һЩνؾݵþݵ㣬㲻ΪǣȺܷʲôķҲ׳нǼɵ뷨
巸ˣƲ߶ãҲãȣŵ´Ҳȫˣͥ鹥֮󣬻Ծ
ȱŻ׼ʱϻԽԽҪȵˣ㷴а˾е㲻ظˣϾǧ겻֮Ƿа䱳ģҪƴʧܴ
죬ŵǿԳ䲻⹥䲻ŻûзӦʱ򣬸һһܴһֲʧҲСܶࡣ
ȱ൱ðգҪԱܲУһϢ©ȫͣݴͣԼһ룬ᱻܱߵľݵΧȥ֮ʱֻһǾȫû
˳˼֮Уþòһʱߣʵѯʰҫ˵ôΪԵܣʲô¶Ҫҫʵ֪ǣ岻ܵı֡
ҺɽŲһƨɫϤ壬ҪǳʱôӣΪŭҲӼᶨ˽뷨
ڰҫûˣ·Ұһ㣬Ų裬죬ȫûҪ׼Ƶ˼ҫǷа˲Ŷԡ
ʵ֮ǰֵʱѾһļƲߣҲ˸ԵȻгڵκ˶ԣһԼڷа˵ĵλһߣΪδձ෴а˴û
ҫѾ£һֱһѭ򽥽֪ʲô˵ҲôҲοһҺɽ΢ЦĿҫ͵ʵ
ҫ˸ָ΢΢һЦţҾ˵˵ҵ뷨ɣʲôĵطײ˸λǰǰǲҪѽ
һ˼ƶ̣˼ƳҫֱԱɣҲСǼ֮ҺɽЦ˰֣ڻص
ҲǷ׷׵ͷͣҫ쳬ˣ˶Ҳ൱ĴҲʲô߼Ҳû顣
ʱҲع΢ЦĿҫЦȴЦԹŵķҲˣֻҪҫѡκһͻῪںݺݵķ
һԴѹҫ棬Լϣİ嶤һ񣬺ֶΪֵֻ͹˰ҫıȻ͵ʴס
ҾðɣãҲãֻǿкһ£ȡѽҫ΢Ц֮˸ǵĹâ
ҫɷ˵һ㣡Һɽüɻ
ҫ˿裬ɤӣڵ˵Ǳ·ͬʱУһ·ֱɱ̳һ·Ҫĸɣɱŵĸ֣͵Ϯ⧲
͵Ϯʱ򣬴ѹٶȴؾݵþݵ㣬Ϊ͵ϮţûɳȡŵⲿȻֵײ
֮һֿ죬߶Ҫ죬ҪͬʱУŷϾβѹˣһս߱Ȼһߵ֣κһߵʤ˵ˣһ˵ǼʹУҲȫˣɵʧȻԹƵģλҵļƲΣ
ļ廨صҫ˵֮˶סˣ˵Һɽ˵ƣһư˫£ͬͬˣűȻͷöҫı֮ߣϷҿͰհҫķȥʵаɣҾأ
Һɽʵģҫһ̾Ϊֹж԰ҫǾмӣʵǿԻᣬ벻ѡ
Һɽʻ˶ͬ޳ɣûһ˷ԣҫǽ֮ȥɣҲһ˿Եɣֻ޳ɡ
ʱֻһ뷨ιţûҫҫ˵ǷǳˣΪев־壬ָоǳ


ڶʮ ҹ͵Ϯ
жü˱Ϊɽʥɽüɽ࣬˽ܵ飬Ⱥɽ֮ŨĵرҲ洦ɼ
üȺɽ֮һ·壬룬ŵ̳ڣɽֻһխɹͨУܽͱڣѹյء
ھŵĸ֮ɽʽϣŸǰɽ֮£˼ɾһ㣬ۼĿ
ʱҹʱһƳջ֮ϣʮʿվһţҹĹ
ι˵ôǸҫµĶ̬ˣ˵çĹ롮°սаλа󻹰Ǵˣأߵͬ飬˷ܵ˵
ߣʲô˲ģԶﴫʵȥˣҿ˵ǰҫԼԼ𣬷Ļƾǵ΢ĩУΰа֮ӵĶְ˵ʵƨϹȥŵҴֱǲ֪νʿм֮ɫƺ԰ҫܲ
԰ҫ͵ĻǸҫʿеջ𣬺ݺݵĵ˶ԷһۣŭƷʴʣҫ䣬ʵ߾Ҳ׼ҵż񣡡
ƷʿһַǳƳһۣҾҫˣôŰɣĻְ֮ȥȻȻСү֪֪Ǹƨżһ·ɫУ˵С
㡣걻˵࣬뿪ڷ䣬ɻ˵ˣ˵ƷϱЦݣüȴѪ漴̱ء
궶˸飬ͻȻʶʲô뿪ںԶͬ飬˭֪ǰ̡ɫâХһգ۵Ĺʮͬ鲻üı䴩ʺ߶ûһ׷׵أ˸ɾ
ת˲䣬խ꣬еʿȫһغһθоɽĺ䣬䵽ëȻĸо
İɣҪ£ȻżȻһ˯һɣ
ͻأ걻ŵһӣ͵ĻͷǰһɫĹâֱûӦâԼĶͷ۾һ˹ȥ
ǰһһЦݣ̧βָָ˸ɫĹ㣬ǰҫ֮ǰþ񽣣գۼ㽫խϵʿɱֻһ¡
ҫ磬ôһ棬һӰƮȻҫߡ
ҫ˼ɵЦͷڵûµģҼ˵ûʱѲģô˵Ҳҵӵͷһ
˷ۣûĺ˰ҫһۣһӰҫǰ߹ҫĶͷһ֮ɫ漴תͷԶƷ꣬ǲ١Ҷġ
а˵͵Ϯˣĵȣаҫͬ˹ŵľˣȻǰհҫķУϾҫļƲиɻɹ˿أûа覴á
ֻηϣҫø壬ţҲǸһ̨°ɣҲǵʲã˵˵廹еŵľҫ߿һۡ
ȣڲ͵Ϯ֣Ҫ֮˲ڶֻ࣬񣬱·ͬ͵Ϯܵңסϵĸ֡
ټ͵Ϯ֮ʱⲿķа˴ɹΧеؾݵþݵ㣬˫£ͬʱУҫ˵һʱ䲻ԣ˸ֲ
һĹűʮؾݵþݵ㱻٣аʽһƬãҹעһɱ¾֮ҹעǾ춯صһҹܷȥҪܷ˽ҹˡ
˵ڲ͵Ϯĸ֣νı·ֱ塢ҫԼ𸮵ڶСҫ١ҶġˣƮƮԼ̫ϳϣߣűʮ֡
֮г񾳽бݻѱʱ֮裬ڷа˵ǰ˴񾳣ԴܱߵƲ֮С
ǵǣֻҪŵĳ񾳸ֳǾͻֶ̳ͻϮ˸˾ְİŲνϸҲеͷԡ
жõóֵĸ֣ǾͲ˵ˣǧ֮꣬񣬸ǳܲ²˵ġ
Ӽս˵аӣݵλаӲ࣬԰ӣжǶ֮ʱգĳ̶ȡ
Ȼŵɱ֯ͭɱʹͭͲ˵ˣֻʥĸֶѣ԰ҫЩ˵ȫӣǿĽɱʹǰҫ
ֽǧͲ˵ˣʣµĽɱʹԣֱ屦зģ屦УֻʣƴһˣǲΪǡ
зģݴɱʹǿӣΪһ֮Բʵ֮ǿԶ
ֻڵ֮µʥãʥ֮ǳ񾳵ΪѩƱһܡҡǹƹ׸صƶǳжǶ֮ÿһǶһĳ֡
Թҫ߳ͻϮ֣˶ʵһһֻ֣ŵһЩʿܵסǣ׾ٵıγ;еҹʿϢ񻹲֪淢ʲô¡
һɽ±Եһ˹۶ľ޴УУ֮Ѳ࣬ǴһɽѲߣ˴˽Уκһ䶼ûӹǵĿǲϵѲߣУʼ˴ڡ
İţѲ߷ʽûпɳ֮˶һ֮£͵۹ƣ̾һ޵
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦصһҪ죬ǻûǵʱһȫ
Դͷðҫ˵ǿʼ׼ԼĿ꣬ȴʱһɱУеѲʱ֪Զƴޣֻʱ٣ܽȫɱ
Ź˰ʱ䣬У֮УеѲҫ˫Ŀһڣ֣
һ䣬ͬʱַ˰ҫ˵Ǹ֣Ӷʮ⼲ǰʮѲֻһƷһӣ˵Ķͷ϶һѪǱ͸µѪ
֣ҫҲ٣߽뷢˫գ۵Ĺʮ֮࣬âݺύ֯һƬ켣Ǹвͬ˲ȡʮ˵Ǳâ͸ޱȾˡ
ҫ˫˫֣ǾѲһֻѲҪ֮ʣͻȻһ˺ѷεʹƤⷭѪСȪһ֮ǰһֻӥһֻչ߷ɵӥҶȫʩչṦʱɵĻӰ
ڰҫߵĿ죬߾ԵɵĶ࣬ҲĶˡ
óһŹ٣ڰҫ˷һ˲䣬ָᲦңǰһֻѲ˫۷ףز
ǣ˫һչ˫̯һ˦ɫлһֻѲ߶һϢ֮伯°ĭس鴤£˹ȥ
Ȼǲö˵ʲôǳ񾳵ĸ֣µѲ˵ֱһĴڣֻʩչ񾳶еġġ߹ʮ˼̱أʺ³һϸܵĽۣѪûһѪ֮Ŀࡣ
ֻһϢ֮ɱ˹ˣԷʱ䶼ûУɥȪ֮׳ۣʵ֮ǿ֮Ѹݣνǲһˡ
ɾʱ򣬾˲ԶϣһˮͰֱ£Ƭգš
ҫ˫Ŀһɣ漴ҧгݵŭǸļһʲô


ڶʮ ţз죡
ۿҫ¶ŭɫ˿һµķҲüǸڵλãǵȻҲĲ񷱦ʱľ֮ˡ
нǰ²࣬ԭһö˶˵͵Ϯɱôһ֣ȻǱ¶٣ô֮ҲֻӲŻ
Ǻո֮ʣŶʱУ֮ӰɽԵṬڷɴֱܶµص𣬺ڣ˻ûһɵˣҲ˵񾳲ûг֡
ۼڴ˰ҫһֻε͵ϮжûôоѰ¶ʵе㲻ģȻʱҪ˭Թ˭ҲãֻƲߡ
ҫô죿ʵ
ҫû̻ش𣬶ǵͷ˼ҲôĿŰҫø⣬ҫҲû̫ã̧ͷ˴һ֣Ŀ¶⣬ЦȻѾˣôһˣǾʹһΡ
һ㶣漴ҫһͬ¶һֲЦݣƻУǸС
һ䣬ҫĿԴ֮ɫ˹һۣһҵףҫǰҲΪ˸Ȼʵ˵԰ˣʥˣδɱһ
˵ԹٽʱյʵȻɱЩ֣ǶԸͬзŵŰʥӣǴ´ģ԰ҫҲͬһͬǰ
ҫʱҲؿһۣ˵ͷڵĵܷģ֪£ҪΪҵġ
ҫ΢Ц˵ͷٵ侲ܷĵģ˵мǣǲĵΣǧҪðʥõˣҪӣǽа˵ЩУݴͣӦ䣡
ҲôָָԼ㶵˵
ҫ֮УΨһһ񾳵ߣƷ׻ͣǳڵĳ֣ʥõˣ⽻˭˭˵á
ҫ΢΢һЦڵûҲ㣡
һ֦˵λᱩ¶٣ʵҲֻܹ˵̫ãڽ;ĸγ֮󣬷ǳɵŽɱʹз졯
ɱʹǶ˺˴֮ĬŮϣվ飬ҲûͬŲɻ㺵ĹأһȻһգзȻ׹밮ӵһ¡
ʵǿԱⱻǷֵģκƮƮţǶ˵ǳΪֻͨӣҪɱȻǱײûɱɣ˻ˡ
屻Ҳֻܳ˴սһзʵǵ֮ǴҲǲòȫ
̫ϳΪʲô֣ǾԸöΪԼѹһԼԶֻɱŽɱʹȥҲһ洦
һųʥ֮⻹бĳ񾳸֣ϳĺ֣Աʱ֮裬ĻǺܵģû뵽ǣзʵлҪǿܶܶࡣ
£Ŷ⹦ķص䡯´ɣʩչͬԼһ㵶ǹ룬ˮֵ£֮ˣֱµһ⹦ķʮһPʽԪڤ֡ٱ;ףֽʯУֲ
Ʒ죬Ŷ֮Ŀľһ´ɣһְ֮⡯˼в鷢ֿ׼İ·۾Ƶģ켣Ʈ׽˷ʤ
ŵǣһôİ֣ȴһͷβϹӣƷһ˫ĿǱϸ߷ģûĿ
ĿľʽҪԷ˫ĿĴۣĿȫë׽Ŀܲһеȫûһ˿ǵĴڣΪֹƷ컹ûܹһˣΪûܻа޴׼ޱȡ
ΪУÿʲƷΪŮף˫赺ϣòʣԸǹΪʵ˽һԣҲǳɾ¡
˵ǷǳùùƮƮĲ֮٣͵Ϯûõʲôɹ֮£Ա¶٣ʵǻС
ǲ񷱦壬а˸񷸮ƽһǿʮǸ壿˫ۻЦ
һҲ˵ʲôһŵ鱨ȻԼһжľϸţƽһˣеľ֮ӵŨ
ߣ֪ͺãֻҪԹͶ㲻ɱƮƮ°һ̧ȵ
ƮƮɣ˵ĽƽһİǿλĩβǼΣܼӦ˲ٹϵɣƷ΢Цͣﰵ֮⡣
Ůôĵӣңҿ
ƮƮˣͲʲôƢΪĸľƷ䳰ȷһһתâˮкһ޿ײ룬ǵصĳƷкȥƵҲס
Ľŭľ
Ŷܣе㱾£Ľ½Ƕģɱңǳ˵ΣƷһЦ
ƷȻ۲Ŀı۾͸ֻ΢ֻڷ֮תŲ۽âνܣܴӷ϶д˵ǰ㣬ƮƮĽ½Ƕ˲˴֮ʵߵѾ൱ˡ
ƮƮۼڴ˸һһƸߣϼͻֱɨݣâ䣬ȥƲʵȴǷȱһ·Ĺ˵һš
Ĳϣϸ񰡣ƷǸ߸ЦһӶʮö㷱ǻǣȻƮƮַ֮ɣֱ˼
⡤Ϭ
һԵ˫ĿһɣһãֱƮƮȥոնǰһӰһЦ绨ת˲ѳǰȥ·ס
ģҹһȻĳƾֱֲµš
һȻܣƺԼ֮ϣֻ΢΢һ漴һ֮£ɢ˸ɳʮ֮Զصǿʵй˵ġ
Զغʵ壬̧ɨɨǰİۣЦôʵôʵļ治ôͷᶼǿȹϵŪİɣ
ݵһҧŭ£ͬʱסȥΧƮƮĽƱƷİ׻֮̽ʱ֧穣Ǳգ۵Ĺ򣬻Գʮ˺ۣò˶þ͵òҰܵ
һĻݺݵüϸǰƣԼ֮ǰţŵ½ѱŸǣƣȥƲֹ̫ۡ
Ҳģλ񾳵̫ϳϣʵڲУǳɨƽǰЩ˺ˣԼͽλúĥһԼսսõͻֶΡ
ɾʱžȻһƬĺǲͣ춯Ĵɴ˿ɼڲûҩзƻʱ䣬ſʼ
֮Ук֮ڣһӰ·ɴܣÿһطԻͶըҩкըը֮ҲͣûĿĽƶ˵ǲԼȥֻҪĽõģôǾͶըҩƽ
˭¾Ȼ˷񣬳˰ҫˣ˭ҫΪʲôЯ֮ըҩΪзŵһ⣬ϴһ֮óըżɹһƬǽ塣


ڶʮ ֵţɨʥӣ
֣ŪôĶôĶЩССϺʥأŵĳϲأ԰أһŲܲʣз֮ҫһұ֮ϣüͷа롣
ʱѾը˹أը˷ҫ˵ľٶֱһ˵бը
һĵƣһȦȦѭϵĽʮ֮ߣҫҪȫըһըһ춼ըꡣ
˵ĿֻҶѣǽը꣬ѡĵطҲһЩɽ·Ҫŵֽеϵء
ҫֵǣԼһֳôĶųĸֲ㣬Ҳ񾳶ѣһ񾳵߶ûУðҫгһֲ̫õĸоеǷΪδ֪־壬ҫҲ⡣
ˣһһɣǲϳҪôʲô鵢ˣҪôֵĻҫҡҡͷ˶ٶ롣
֮ǰһӰɴܶϸ֮£һﭹĹͷΰСģȥһʮĺͯ졣
ԭ㣬ҫôĵţɣƺͯģŸ֣Ȼǰͳɤʵ˲ҹά
ҫһü⣬һЦݣڵѽѼ棬ҪôôǵҲǲսѽܻеڰɣ˵Ķôƴ󡣡
ƴ󣬵ǧʱҲҫͬǴһʱһʱŵĽɱʹҫȻҪɱ֮졣
ƴƼ죬գۼѵҫǰ̧𣬽ֱַҫȥֿͣ԰ҫ˵ֱţ죬ŹǷܶԴһ࣬պöֵͻϮ
ƴۼһУв˫˫һǵصĽҫȥżҪҫٷʬ˼
ƴ겻ֻôôŽɱʹλãˮֲٰҫԴŲԶƴЦͬʱһ𣬾񹦽߳ɹѽеĽɢ쳣ˡ
ƴɵˣǰĶҫͦǿģҲʶԵʱԼʵҪɱҫȻһֽţҲԲʲô¡
Ľ죬°ҫɱ̫ˣƣҫֹͻͽֱеĻţǹεѹȸУõ֤
˲ƴܸоҫǿ󣬵ţȻûѵĵʹ֪Լ϶УҲֻӲͷƤϡ
ֻƴ˫ֺʮħͯӹ۷幦½磬ʮöΧһȦƴ˳һӣַ·һһ㣬ҫȥһƼ侪ˣȻǿޱȡ
y**ʥֿʽ
ۼǿнҫǸ߸߹̧һָЦһУǲУҪ컯ˣ
һ䣬ҫ֮ͬɴܶһ֮߳ǿţԵ޿ƥеһֱӽǰĽȫ飬ȥ˿ת˲Եƴǰ֮ϣѹ档
ȡ޲ս޵У
ʹʹ˺ѷΣҫѹƴֱ棬һİӣƴ͵һѪعǱҫһźˣνħͯӹղ䵽ҫĽ£ֽͬһ㣬һ
Ҿ˵ɣƴĶ֣ƫҪȥ
ʵף
ǿȥɣ
Уûжƴ̫ˣҪµĻһ߿žУȥȡ
ҪСҪԿͷģ
ҫüƴѾ˻ԣܴǺ棬ɨ˷ְվɻ򿿽Լе·ƼΪ
ҫϸ˰һᣬе궼ֱ塢ƱڣΧҫĶŮŰ˴ʥӣ塢塢ڡ¡Ñ
ͦƵҪϴͺˣûһܻˣҫ̣Ц
е㱾¾Ŵʴʣҫ洳ͷŶԣֵһӣȻǸżҵʣҲˣһʰˣܼʶʶѧָŰҫȵ̬ʮ㣬һ˫ĿӸµĿҫ˿ҫ
£һеٮٮߣṦצǼǿòˣȴݶֱɱΪĸѱһܱڣԸϸƮƮһ·ɫ
µĸǳ⣬ҫŭЦЦɭѪһֱʧУһ°ȫסˣҫʧˣˣһȴµǰ
һ£ʥд󺧣ûһܲ׽ҫ켣ֱ˲һٶȣĿɿڴ
ҫɲξֻ䣬һǺµĲɱžȵı飬ͷ­ȴǸ߸߷
ֵܣŮҲɱŵѧҲôҫ˫Ŀ΢΢к䣬һɺ˵ɱܣʣ˲ԾĴ˸ֵĿҫ
ҫķǸ߸߹ɭȻаЦ˵ҪɱôôҳոնͷģǺӣôڳ
һϣɱΪС±𣡡ŭһεضֱҫȥһΧɱҫ
ɷΧɱӣҫЦһŶԣ˼
ҫ˫һչԲתŲ˲ֲͣǣ֮˳Ķᣬסζ⧲֮£˰ҫĵд󾪣æ㹦еֿ
ɾǸո˹֮ʣŲǿ籩ǳͻأʧˣǷǳĲӦͺһ̤һ㣬ʼ߲ļ
ۼ˶ᣬҫһֱȥֻоǰӰһҫѳƱڡ塢ǰֻٿ˫һַ߳ͬʱƱڵͷ­һӣһֱǰʺƼѸ͡
ȡ߳ư
ҫȿ缲磬ķӦҲʯһ˲䣬̧˫۷պõסҫһ.
ɰҫȾֹֻо˫׾ʹѵǿȾ߷ɳʮ֮ԶֱײһڣᶼྡྷƬ
ؿӲ˰ҫһŵƱ壬ͷѣҫһɱûдڳʹҲޱȡ
ҫֲŹȥãĹһһɱˣһˣ֮ɨŰʥӣʣѾʼ˰֮⣬ҫֲ̫ˣʵףһǼΪֲɰҫѾﵽ˳񾳵Ϊ
ʱҫٴλܣܴʣпһ˿Եľ⣬漴ҡͷЦոյȥˣµĻӰɣģҲ׷ǣΪǵҪϴֽǡ
塢ƳƻÑˣ㿴ңҿ㣬漴̾ϢһˣҲˣȱסԼ˵
ȥûãһըһŭ֮ϣһֱӱ˹ȥҫǶĤʹаԷΪĹ
С֮ҷ֮ͨͨٴڵȫУһɱ⣡
׶쳹ʣϢҫ̧ͷ죬ͫУԶɽ֮ϣӰ֪Ӻδֱʣ̼ʧ١
ҫ˫ĿޱȣӰʧķ΢΢һЦڵ̲סô


ڶʮ ȫ濪սصʵ
ʱصһǰڰҫ˸ոտʼŷը֮ʱڲɽ֮еһڣʥõˣΧһŻɵĹϥÿ˶ֱֱۣĶ׼
ͻȻҿʼ΢΢ԼԼһ˿ϸ΢ĺʥ֮һƹ΢΢üҲû˵ʲôŹ
Ķֵͦ󰡣Ʊе࣬ڡ
һȺں֮ڰˣҲܾûгôĶˣЩСȥӦɣӦҲһԪϵƶǵͳɳƵɤЦ
ҲܾûжˣˣһҪȥɱʹ죡һЦ͸˵Ѫ⣬˲
ˣ񣬲ҪΣȰµ˵һܳһص
Ҳٶ໰ʼӴǰĻɫɫˣɽʱ𶯵ƵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽƽؾһܶüֹ
һ֮󣬻ɫɫѾתΪ֮ɫ沢ûκιδڣɫƽ˲ƽĸоָо֮з·Ⱦ꣬ʱˣƺ˶ʧɫ֮¡
ƺ󹦸ɼ˫Ŀ漴óһŵҩ̷£ҩ֮֮ǰĵӴʼٻָڴʱһں֮еӰֶ
ںӰֵһ̣Ϊ֮һ漴ĵϥ¹򣬿ڵμа£
ţĺܺãηа𸮺ǿţбҲԷģ԰ڸŵԮҲѾִֻҪ±ɡӰɤͳе㲻Ȼڸǹġ
ла£ٴص
ӵдƻһʱһ㲻ټˣӰ૵̧һģһɢΡ
а£
һ䣬ʥͬʱһ̧ͷ춥ɫļҪγѪһȵС֮ҷ֮ͨͨٴڵȫУһɱ⣡
һܻһ䣬¶ޱȵЦݣڵаôܺãǳãӻǴûˣǲȥǣǷţξ֪ʲô۽
ͬʱһЦЦݷǳĲ̣֮ǰû֣ѾһӵĻǧ꣬ʱ˴ŹԹǲ²ˡ
ͬʱٶȿĲ˼飬˳ͨһɳ죬ֱ֮ͨɾ֮ϣס֮е̳֮һڻ뱬ը֮УһĻ쳣ķŭ
֪ͨԪá˷ԼڵȫɱߣҪǴңƤǡ
һҧأǴмλƹĬĬ˵ͷɾƹҪ֮ʣһƬƷ֮飬а˵İ˴񾳳ǰȥ·赲
ǰ񾳣һ˿ûоȵɫа˵鱨ŵķǳǰ˱Ƿа˵սˣֻҪǻɱа˿˵ǲƣɱһԪˡ
Ƿа˵ĵӻǴˣȻ£ǲ֪һЦ˫Ŀ׹¶ĶŰ֮Ϊ׵ߣҲһɽׯׯҺɽ
ǺǣǾµģǾʹشˣսģȫ濪սҺɽ΢΢һЦ˵
սƾȺں֮ڣȫ濪սͷǲʹˣҲʹˣʵôһԵҷ·ЦЦһ㣬ָҺɽͷЦ
ǺǣûǸʵ¿ûôҵĳҺɽҲ⣬ָָ»ҵֻ̳ҵƣڲͣ
һЦˣɫһһ˫ĿɵùԲݺݵĶҺɽţ֮ܵĿԽа˵İ񾳸оԼڿ¯һ㣬ʼò̫˳
Χ¶Ȳ֮ʣȵĺһתɭЦݣͿһһʵĺ͸ǹɱ˵ɢ
ҺɽһݲȵɫЦϷҲкþûжˣһϹͷٲĲÿŵλ֣Ϸǰɣ
һԣ΢Цͷڵô£Ȼ㵽ףֻǰ˸߳ԿѽҼ֣þ΢ƽЩӦòİɣ
һҺɽϲɫȴǰ裬֮ǰĲֻ࣬ôȻܣҲǧεǿԼʶһŵʵ
һܻһ䣬ִ̧˸ָոʧХƿնշеĳ񾳸֣˲һߣ죬Ȼƽµǹɱ쳣ˡ
Ҳûпʲôһģֳһ߶̵Ѫɱ⺧ˡһֳֳü֮ˡ֮Ϊ׵һ˸ǲ͸һּĽ⣬·ǽȻѴ˽һľ磬ʵӦ֮ǿһ
˿ȥģʵƣΪһۼ˵ĵʱüЦڵ˶԰Źƽ
Һɽ΢΢üЦԭˣžȻǶˣͻϮϢ©ѽ
ϻ˵սɣΪ׵ˣҲûϻʲô˵
ո֮ʣа˵İˣɱߣŵİҲͬӭϣսһ
̳֮ڣҫ̧ͷգǲǳֵĵӰ֯һƬѤľɫը·һ첻ͣȻϵļսѾչʤ˭ңҪǱʵˡ
ҫƲƲ죬пʼŵʵһȫµĸԼһбҲ˵ģа˵İλȻ˶ԷԵȵʵײ˸ҲճԼߵս֡
ɿս֮󣬲û˿ճǰԮŰصĸѾֻ֣Ǿűĸ֣ԮͲö֪Լȥ
ڰҫ˼֮ʣ̳ڷҵľƣʼһı䶯صĸֹ֣ϵǼλѣֳսʵ˴Ŀġ
Ԫã˾ӶߵĳϾۼأƽҰ׵ȻλȻȴʵⲢʵҲͬʵպ෴ûĴţǲܸõ
ԪõĳϹʮλ࣬ΪÿﵽĽ׶ΣлѴ֮ҪĿ𸮵ĸ֣ȫ潻֡
˴ǿɱ֯ͬʱҲصģǵĴֻʥõ£ԼԪ֪ڶⶼһһĴڣֻؼʱǲŻ֣ʵͬǿ
˴κһҲ˵ӵĴڣϾƣ԰ߣһ뻯Ĵʱʱĵ㲥ƽӹҲܳΪһ֣ڰ֮У񾳵ĴڣľΪ
֪һǶһǰһǿԸŻϱĻػˣ˵ڻΨһԸŽаĪ
ŵĻＸǳصȻû緱ǣȴǳʵãֱΪ֣ɾȴַ֧ϰ𣬾еһɱ
Ԫá˴صʵȻֹˣϣɷ԰ߵԪԪڼٷ


ʮ Բ֣
ʱ̳ľƣʵչ֮µı䶯ѾʼŰҫһķзչ
ȫתֻһ·壬ʵɽڲͱڵǧٿףĻɽڲѾȫʩ̳֣ҫȫڲּǿûгϵľΪûƿ
Ȼ˴ȫǵҪĿǽ͵ϮİҫȫץȻԵĴʵ˴һ壬Ǵս˴֮൱Ĭϣ磬ʵȳڵߡ
ǳɵǣ˴һûãˣѾѴ»ܵˣѾһսѾǽƣ˴ǻС
֮ǰŵ̫ϳϣʱóӦ԰˴񾳣ʣ˽ӦȻֹۣҲ㹻Աˡ
𸮵ľűĶԪõˣԪο㳲Ϊǵ֪͵Ϯ𸮵ˣŭ𣬶򵨱ֱ𸮵ˣչѪս
˫ƺĴʲôԱѪһֱӺۣж֣в¶ԷĲݵļƣ֮ĳԹȫòݡ
෽սҫҲ⣬ʣĸ֣ȫҫ˸ˣʥõľӢӣԼʣĽͭɱʹӰ˵ĵˣн֮ࡣ
Ȼ˵ҫģǶڰҫ˵ʵ˵˸ں֮ڣٶһǶ¡
ڰҫΨһĵľǣߵľƣȫսܣôԼһһֹԮı棬ǰҫҲǲòǽԮ
֮󣬰ҫŽɱʹġǡĴ󷨡˽ֿ񣬲ɱݣͨΪƽһĸ֣ᱻô֮»ɱʵǿ
ƫƫϵǰҫ˫һ֣սǳϵĿ죬ҫһһۣ֮һлƽˣһаʹͷ­
УУ԰ҫм֮жӲ£㱻ҫһһĻɽһԵƵĸŵĲᣬж԰ҫһּµĿ־塣
ҫҲŹʵһɱ⣬ƵıëȻҫһ֮ƵĲսӣŤͷܣΪжĿ־ѾսʤǣӲеġ
ӣҫɲ׼չŰҫûֵĴ㣬ҫһɱ¾ˣɱĴûɱҲûʧֹ
ƵģҫоҲûɱıҪСʹⲻ˵ģһƵĵĻâĵƵһжûн£˷һ
Ȼ󣬰ҫص˹ŽսʱǸΪһɱ񣬼ɱһѪ·νĽͭɱʹһ˴У˲أܽһаʽ֮
ҫʵжǿһ񾳷·޵һĴڣܺ˵ˣѾȫͨ𸮱չصһһ㣬ðҫ˺ܶ·Ȼ졣
Ҳֻһ֮ңҫȴһֺܶصĸо͵Ϯ̳һͻƵܿһ
ڰҫɱһѪ·֮˳˻ϣһ֮Ҳͬҫľߣٴα·ǰȥ֧Ԯ𸮵ĸ֡
ҫһӣ١ҶһӣͬʱУҲ룬˾Ȱ˵ǳˣȻѾʧȥ͵ϮƣǾ뿪սͼߡ
ҫһ·ǰУһԵĿŰҫʵҫ磬ڵʵȥʲôˣоԽԽ͸ˣеĪζأ
ҫԲ˼ͷЦ治˵ѾȫͨˣɾͲôһ㣬֪Ҫȵ²ͨأ
΢΢һЦڵûµģ鼱һԵġ
ҫ΢΢һЦԴһĻͷۣͻȻһֱҫͷУĴָ׼ⱬһԵĴ׽âһ֮½ɢҲ˵ĺܡ
oལָԽ
Ŷиڰǿۣ
һͳɤǳͻأĳڰҫߣҫЦħ㶼͵Ϯֶˣе㲻̫ݰ
ߣԸκֶζ֡ħ̤նУһһߵҫǰĳְҫҲûе̫ľȣħűűһ֮ѣаȭҲ޿ɺǵġ
ллллôңҫ΢Цͷڻص
Խħȫûоµ˼ʶħıº󣬶ԷǿѾ߱ðҫµοյԼʵȻ򲻹ħȫҲʲô¡
ϴԶнǰ㣬ûôˣ
ħ˫Ŀ΢΢ڽɫµ¶һֲпЦݣѾ֪ƷɷϴҲһδļôǷɱҫɵġ
ҪɱҫʹңһǰһЦ
ǺǣǸĶְɣСǰΨһҵӣ㽻ˣ
һ٬Ļ˵ҫʶתȥһް׷ЦеĿԼħűħ֮һħɡ
üԼʵֻܵסħħеһһеղˣֻܿҫԼˣɵҫʱ˿ûо⣬Цеĵ˵ͷ
ҫȷôܣеʵ
Ȼ㿴ʲôʱдҫأЦݲ
һŵЦݣһٶ룬һת˲ħǰʳָָ£̶ֱָ׽âһɷƥֱüĶȥٶȿզࡣ
oལָ
ħһԴһƫоյĶһĽһѪۣ΢ȴɨ˵ˣû뵽һԲ˵־Ͷ֣һ¿Ǵһֲ
ħɽżһ㣬ת˲˿ʮ֮ԶŭĿԲݺݵĵһۣҲͬעЦҪҽôôûʧɣ
ûʧҪв֪ƾһŲɣħз˫ۣ׺ޱȣɱˣһٴֱȥҲû֣ͬɱ
ħ׼㣬Ȼ֮ǰǰǱ˲չսգۼѹʮ֮࣬ɣâƾºɣս쳣ļңʱûʤˡ
ؿҫߣҫ˵ѾͷȥǱߣţɼʹԲɱңϽȥ
ԴɵĿ˰ҫһֱۣգգۣ¶һŵЦݣ̾Ϣһ˵ͷһСģ漴ٶķȥ
ۼȥħҲֻаҫһˣҪɱҲֻһˣʱĿ֮ڣûйᡣ
ҫգûܾȵ㣬Թɣħ˵±һҫ۵Ľ⣬쫷ϯɨķ涼Ҫҿһ㣬ƺòˡ
һİɣӦܳɰɣҫа룬漴һ˫ĿħЦְɣ˵ҲϣһУ

԰ҫƣħŭӿһĵĲ˲۽ҫһֱƾͺˣ缲磬صĺڰҫ֮ϡ
һʵȻܣӲһУ


ʮһ һУһԪ
ҫӲ˽ħһƣýħзǳɻ󣬰˵ҫǶܣǳл⣬ܿʱյİҫѾǲϵǸҫˣԲľڸǲסģʵ֮ǿԼô׵ĵ֡
ʵȷˣҫ˵УľˣħΪҫ޿ǰҫ磬ۿҫѪˣеɻԽŨ
Сӿ϶Ŀĵģħüͷͷ˼
ҫʲôĿģʱûչֳħһƺɵһĻ˸У˴ͫ׼һ㡣
ħҪ
һ춯صħһתͷķʱӭĿ񱩽µĺëȫǰֻ֮ɫĴָһһˮͰһĿ񱩽ֱ
ħ̾˫һ˳ƺƾһɼҫ۵Ľ⣬׺ƥɽ֮ƣѵ֮ǴɫĿ񱩽չײ
ơʮ
䣡
һ춯صľӦ𣬿ֲ쫷һɨԲϰ׵ܵĽΪƽأħɨɳʮ֮Զס֮ӰѾ˲ֵǰ
ħҫи̣Ҽʹɱ㣬ʦһգȻ㣬ݷ𣬰ҫûбһƴĻҡ
ڽħǰͷϺߵߣ˫Ŀ罣ɭ쳣һɺ˵ɱֱ񣬺µӲ亹
ôȻǣҫıԼˣƷɻôĲȷƷɱһƵˣΪаκ¶ֻƾԼϲУ˵ǰ޽ɡ
ƷԼǴͷɵֶξԷǳ˿ɱȣʱˣûܱƲֻħűƶᱻƽˣݲȮ
뵽ħǾһ亹ǰѲ֪٣ڵزİҫߣƷڰҫǰǴĿĵĽɫӡü
ǳ΢Ҳһ֮ңˣڵȴԽԽǿʢںϣڷٵԭˣһİһڣип漴վֱ˿һԡ
ʱħħԣʵʦ֣ʲôô
ħһĭ񣬿ڵҫɱ
ħüͷ壬ɱҫǾ͵ħűܵǣһô
ãƷɸаȣĸ£ħֱӾħɣ
ħһ㶣üͷҪƤãν˵Ӱ񽭺ʹƽն֪ƷɵĴڣһ棬һ񻰣ⷽصˣⷽصǿߣκ˶޷ӵĴڡ
֪Ҳ£ڣҲҪǲŻᱻɱڲɱҫҪаܽȨףԼǰɣħ̾˿˵
ħüͷħ˵ǰ㣬ƷɾҪ鷳Ҳ϶ڣڲϢԵ֪δļûػ
еаֱӴţԼҪ겻̾ͻ⵽ѪȱȽав뵽ħѲԥҲ쳣
ǾͰɱ˰ɣħ˵
ӦûˣһԵ΢΢һЦ
ħħͬʱһ㶣תͷ漴͵һԭǽ̸ʱһ£ҫھһߵİУ֮ɢһ͵ĳף˸һĸо
ʱİҫǳѣһеĸ֪Ե쳣оԼ·뵽֮Уˮе㣬ϵķһȻ⣬ڶ˵Լصһ֡
֮Ի˵ı仯⻹Ҫ鹦ڽħһƣҲǽħһƣҫһ˲ǲؼ΢Σңͨ
ʵҲһģҫûһ㣬ˣħһƿ˾ųɹҫʹԲҲûܣƼǱүǾһ̣֮һ⾳
νøûҫͻԼҲͻ˾磬֮Ǹ磬񾳣ҪΪһߡ
ãСͻƳ񾳣ֹ
ħ͵һ˫ĿηɴܶΪһɫֱҫȥһħȥ·ס
ס˽ħȥ·Ͼֻһˣסһȴסһħɴ߷ӹͬʱħҲ͵ĺһֱš
Цһ˫βֱָ˫۷趯ָ͸Ľâ˿һޱȣϸܵĽ˿һȦȦĲǰħħɵ֮ϣȻ˳ȴм񣬲ʸŶ˵ĻͬʱǶ˵θס
ལָὣ
ڶὣ֮ʱܴһƷ١Ҷġ˴ŻͷˣԼ𸮵ĸǣƷ󻹽һȺŸ֡
Ԫõģа˴ԼʥõľӢӣѹѹһȺһǰһĳŰҫ߼ٱ֮ͣǰһĻĿɿڴ
Ǿ㵣ٿƯİҫʱг˼֮ɫ֪ҫڸʲôͻƳ񾳣ɹˣôԼԶҫˣΪûǸʵ
ϲٿƯİҫг˾ϲ֮ɫ˵ҫԽǿбԽģԿаҲǸӵģͬʱԼҲεı޲ߣǶΪҫеˡ
ȻһĻҲŵֿҲֳ֮ɫ겻ʮͷзͷſǶʶҲǲŻе𾪣һ˿Ǳڵв
ҫʹﵽ񾳣ǰ޹ˣƷɶû飬ȴһвевҫɳٶǸев
ʱ򣬰ҫ˾˵ı仯ֻ˫Ŀޱȣԭ͵Ļ𾢣쳣ͣ𾢽ƣ͸һȶǿˣѹĵ
һ룬ҫֱ֮ϣһŵĻڵҹγĶԱȡ
ħħὣ˿ͬʱ˼ֻؽҧϳ˲֮ɫѾûֹҫͻˡ
Ϊͻʱһؼķͻ֮ǰţǻܳɹͻʱŵĻ֮Ŀֲκŵ˸ޣʵжǿжߣֻôһ
Ƿ򣬲ķԽħ˲ǰţǻˣԼ
ʱеİҫҾƣ߻ſޱȵĻţ·СڱС̫һ㣬Ŀ
ûãͿɻ͵ľۼһڰҫ֮ϣ漴͵ĳҫڣ䳹ںϣڰҫĵڣһξ״ڷٳ͡
һԪͣң
ҫһ˫Ŀһɽһ緢ۿɼƬոȼһƬͨ졣է֮£·Ƹ죬Ƭǿѱڣ̳յһƬ֮ͨɫƼ侪ˣҫڵľ״ʵʣԪѳɡ
֮ʣϵĻۿɼٶȳĴپۼһϢ֮󣬻عҫڣҫǽ̤գһһŵ£һǳ񾳵ߡ


ʮ ֣ħ
ϴ硢СܣֳǺܶˣҪŬ׷ѽ
ǰҫ֮˵ĵһ仰˫ֲͷɵЦģ˶ЦëˣҶĶ˶Ƥһ۹߶ҲǻһЦ
ͬʱжɳȥѰҫһٱѹҶһߴһֵţôֳ˵ģֳľͽ̽ʲôò
˵־类ֹҫҲֺǺڵɵЦʱǰ΢ЦţСʦܣͻƵˣ
ҫ˸ŤŤӣЦţû
һ͵һвһǿҵļ츳ʲٰҫ֮£ʵϰҫһиĳɾͣȲǱʵԶҫмΪʣħˡ
ҫһԲɫôܿ룬ļ򣬰οʦ֣黳Դʦֵ츳ͻƵҲǳ£
˵ģ⣬ҫĺİοĶȴ쳣Ĵ̶Ϊҫʾּ˵ĲʸӾֻҲصĺãǿһ˿΢ЦŰҫ˵ͷ
ҫ߹ֱǰǰķֿһ·ҫЦ֮ɫ˺òĵ˵ͷǰȥʱİҫһػΪһĸоȻǿû˸ҺĴڡ
ҫߵ˵ǰ΢ЦĿǰֻ֣нħһˣ漴΢Цħͻƻȫ㣬ͺףҹУҲҺúһ³񾳵ܰɣ
ħһȵСҪͻƳΣҪɱ練ƣ
ô
ҫոճڣѾһ̤һֻһľ룬ȴʮ֮Զ˵ܵľ÷ǳ֣·ܵĻҫ˽ħǰǳ񾳶еĲġ
ԭˣӳγһǣȥѹĻӾϵĳͻǰڰҫа룬һʹ񾳶еĲеΪ˳
ۼҫʩչġĲǽҫΪʵˣħǲŲæȥõͬǡġĲ
ҫȥһһˣͣƬյ֮ϣ֮˷׷ÿȥ·꼰㡣
ҫǺЦǱȻˣôأνľһԪȥ˺δǣһĻŵ˲ˡ
ҫһһ˲ϵھٶȱȹȥһ࣬Ԫ޾ſŻŻڰҫԵһɺޱȵĻ˿ϮķƼ侪ˡ
ҫЦ˫ַתſŻ˫ģγһ򣬰һƺħȥѸޱȣ𾢸ǰԵס
񹦵ھһ
һ
ҫ幦µľνǾȺ˻˫ħһļ֮С
ѹ£ħ಻ҵ𶥷幦̧˫۽Ӳ˫Ѿײħ͵һֱϴľ̩ɽ֮Уֲյʹޱȣ˶ݺݺɡ
Ŷ֮ϲأһԹսһü⣬ƺʲôŵǺЦ
磬ʲô֮ôĵʵ
΢΢һЦڵҫľһͻƳ񾳵߻ҪǿϺܶ࣬һ̶ȵںˣ
Ե˵ͷǺЦٴʵ磬ô֪ҫǿµģ
ЦֱǰشҲûжʣֻа£ʱҫһǴ˽ħŪȫһƬ
ħֱֱĶʮ֮ԶײһС¥˵Ļ𾢶α¥˲һеίʵޱȡ
ҫס֮³һдȥǿֹԼжǾ֣̾ͬʱҲԼսһĸ
ںңһˣԪԴԴϵĲศɣ绢ϳ񾳵ãսԲʱ򼸺ʮϣף൱Ĳסҫ΢ЦжԼʵ൱⣬պԴаĸ֣Ҳôμˡ
Сˣղɱ㣬Ϊˣ
ħըһһӣǱɷ¥ٴըٽըҩըһ㣬м˳ȥ˸Ѿŭļ
ʱĽħ쳣ǱϽɫ߲ϸܵƣһ׼һ***¶Ƥ뼡һ鵭ƺۣƿȥûжأֻ̬ͲҹάˣҲǽħ㱩ŭԭ
ʵԽǿΪԽ߾Խӣҫһ˲˵õΣǶˣһô˿ҪǴȥħƻΪĳЩ֮ͽЦ
ħǷζըˣûôǱŭ֮£ҫȥɾոն֮ʣһǰħͻȻһ㶾Ȼͣ˽ŲһԵľħҲһ㶣漴ǺЦߡ
֣ϢĿȻû˷֣ҿħħɶԿԼ̬ȣӦͷСҫа̾˫Ŀ΢΢ꡣ
곤ֶͨ˶۵֣ͨòһ˫ǳ˫ۣ˫۶žˣ·Լ붼ޱ̻¶ǰɼȻʲô֮
ɽ˲ųһ˻˰ҫǱаĴ⣬ܳſףװ΢Ц޵
ҫһü⣬ԷĿӦǽǰһ겻ʮòķϻشϹȥˣܾһ
ҫȭһ񣬿ڵ֪ǰôƺ
ħűħ𣡡국ȻһЦ˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬һۣҫ߷ûдﵽ񾳵ĸ֣ȫֹķ֮죬һֱӱѵĸо
ҫһѹȵСֶΣ񾳰ҫûᣬ˳񾳣ҪҲѡ
ҫ˫ָͫһůɢһ㱣Ĥһ㣬˻ס˵̼Իָһ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵħǰ֪ɱǵģĵİ
˵ɱǵأħЦе˵
ҫʼ磬ЦǾҪˣȻ߸߶һ㣬ҪƴǰߵʧСġ
ֳĸ˵ҫߵĳԼ񷸮̫ϳϺϼˡ
ħеˣԪˣϼưˣ˶ߣȥռţʵϴżʹȫ˰ҫһԼһҲȻ˲ء
ɣʱսȿһϷΣҫָ̧죬Ц˵
Խһ㶣̧ͷʱ֪ҫĻʲô˼ˣ֮ϣ԰Ԫ˪ĿǰһһСһһŮ뻯ߣԵ𸮵˫˾ͽī
𸮾ˮˮΪԪͺȵ
ģ翴˹ɵһ汦ǿϽǲߡ˾ͽ΢Ц˵
԰ʵ
챦˾ͽЦ
һ䣬԰ͫ͵һֱԭĻصˡѴ
ֻԼȡ˾ͽ䣬Це˵
ǾͰ°ɣ


ʮ ʵʸкֵģ
òϣ㱾»治С𸮵˫ˣǰˣħջĿ⣬ӲӵЦ
԰Ԫ𸮵˫ǱȻҪսһģкⳡսҲգûȤ뻯ߵսҲá
ʵ⵱еĵܼ򵥣ͺáġءսʱһ˵ôнսģֻ似ݣͲ֪ôȥˣΪǸ
뻯Ľսκ뻯µ˵ͬڿһΪ뻯Ĵ߽սʱֵÿռܣ˵ͬҲֻ似ݣԼȻǸɴͲˡ
ħǸϽ֪һ㣬ǰҫԴ㶵ĿգħĻţǰĳеȤ
Ϊĸ˾ôվûж˴֮ȫûгֵļҲûо춯صƣ˫ôű˴ˣ͸ʯƵģһҲȥ
ʵϣȻѾʼˣս쳣ļң˫һĿռάȽ̽ԵĽ֣Ϊû뻯ߣκŵֻܿһڰУΪǱûпռܵļӳ֣Ȼ뻯֮ս
ҫֶſһᣬȻȤջĿ⣬ͷħɵɵĿڵǰոи˵ʲôô
ħЦˣЦ˫·ǳ˫ۣŷ˵ĺֱŰҫ
ҫע̬ȣϣ֪ڸ˭˵һԵĽħ԰ҫ̬ȷǳջ˫Ŀһɣǳ
ҫ˷ۣţеôɷ
ˣҫҲûٸĥȥڸ·һ־ܣ䡣ڶԶ֣ȫɱħ˫ָ˫Ŀɢĺ⣬˵
ҫҪڣһԵһҪսôδؾͻǣ
ħҲһۣʲôСС񾳣ûʸ˵һߴȥ
һûը˷ΣݺݵĶħҧгݵ˵Ƿа˵ĸ񷸮ʸ˵˰ɣ
ߣһֻʵ˵νͷڱﹷƨǣʵõʸûʸٸҶ˵ʲôϻھɱ㡣ħûж࿴һۣĺǳ
ħߵĸ֣ǴϷʵĿ⿴壬ڿһСƵģֽŵľƣȻͷ˵£ʵǿɱĺܡ
ˣ˫ĿɵĹԲ˫ȥ߬Ŀֱ죬޷ҫǰͻ˳񾳵Ļôڴʱ˿㹻ĻȨˣħ˵ǰ㣬ûǸʵ
ʱԭƢ𱬵ƮƮ侲ڣͬʱ΢΢ҡͷʾͣһԼ侲תת̫ϳϣǰ䣬߶Ȼ⣬ҲֻӦ
ҫϢʱ䣬ľǴЩ˵ˣǻȫˣϣȷѡ񡣡ħٴοڣ˫ĿһգգĽŰҫ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ǿһߣűˢˢĿ֮еһǰһ˵˵ǴȫӰҫķԸҫľǵģû飡
ҫ˵ͷֿķͷϣҲ̫ã˵ȻħǰСʦǸʸ˵ôСʦֱӾˣҲû顣
ҫһٴεͷתħ΢ЦǰĵģӦкְɣҲ²£ħűԮˣô
ôСӣħаޣ΢Цĵ˵ͷڵûĻôܸ˵ôķϻ˵֮ǰӲƴʧصĻڱȫõһˣԼɣ
ħһ䣬̧Ƹո̧һ̣дƷ񾳴ħ˽żոմر̵ϥ¹򣬹һ
֮ʮħűĸִ˷ɴܶŵֽҫŰΧʱ񾳸֣ǳ񾳸֣ҫһѾھԵƣȫ·硣
ʱżħű񾳵Ѿﵽʮľнʮλ񾳵Ѿﵽʮλֳľȫһ浹ʤƽħűߡ
ҫתͷһ֣漴Դħ𣬿ڵħǰĺ֣Ԯ
ħ΢Ц˵ͷڵôӦ㹻ô˰ɣȷѡô·ѡ
ҫ̾Ϣһҡͷ֪ôģħ̾Ϣһ˿ʧζиеܲ·аҫʲôıƵġ
ʵϣҫȷıģı͵Ϯ֮ǰѾˣǾǶⲿĴ⻹ֻǰҫȡʤ߽ŵĳ֮һ
ҫ̾Ϣ֮󣬿ħ΢ЦħǰĺֵĻôűضֹ˵ġ
ħü⣬Ц˼Ҳ˺֣һܷΪʤĺ֣ô
㿴˾֪ˣҫЦݼָ̧չһöĸ֣ҫ˵ܣǱߵΣ
ĸ磬ʱǰѽŶ£ŴѱƲ˦ѱһУ˳̳߸ϣʱܵڳ°
ҫ΢Цͷһһı任ҫٴοڣ磬ǱߵΣ
Ŷ϶ˣ׻ˢӣҷΪ֮󣬳ˣھǱ߻ʮľ룬ܿ͵ָе
ߵܣǱߵΣ
ţһƬãԱƣѾһУŴ齵һִ롣
СãǱΣ
磬Ͷ߻ûʲôʧһִ֮ǱߣΡֵĲԴأ
ܰĻʧ֮ԤʾŵķĶѾȫݣҲǵⲿݵ㣬ѾаԼҫԼʵȫ
ʱߵѾը˹ֳһƬ죬в˵ȥҪȥŪҫոͨϵЩǷʵΨһ侲ֻħ
ܴʲôŵⲿΣֻҪڸɱǣʹĴ̳ҲܽѸʲôħЦ
ҫ΢ЦͷڵûȷʲôҲܳΪҷΪʤĳ룬ԡ
ҫ̯һöĳ֣ҫЦеĶ˵ݵʱˣ
ˣ
ڴһԵɤոûãܵƲ֮Уһ졣
һӣϰپʯƲн£ͬʱ֮ķ״ƿնʯֱ
յһĻ˶ˣħ¶֮ɫţŵĻ
ҫ΢Цͷ΢ЦҸŵĵһţҶϵܺõģʦǰһ£ʵŲƽˣûкʵɶѣڰ˸ͷ֮أ
ħЦˣɫķ·ҪγѪҲòϰҫͷԵȷй֮Ȼڰϵĳ֡
оԼȲţһĸо䲻ʵԴ


ʮ ˣ¶
ţ񽭺ܻһǿû֮һιţҫҲҶǷԸԼš
ҶﵱʱҲû̴Ӧðҫʹʦ𸴣ҶȥĿ죬صҲ죬Ųһʱ䣬Ѿȷ˰ҫ
Ըȫְ֧ҫţиǾǴ֮еĻػͼֽҪռ˳ɣѾ͵ĻﶼС
ҫ֮󣬸оӦԼ߻ûؿⷽ˲ţҪЩͼֽҲûʲôãɴ˳ˮ齻ţӶһǿҪӵʵʡ
ڴ֮䣬˵ʵڵģҫû⣬Ϊ⣬ҪϷŵ棬ҲԼһݣĲˡ
ʱŵķɿջشΧһˮйͨĿķǳԣҪһ̳˫ںǰжԹڣʹˮĻᣬŵȻŹ
ħǰľ·ѡ񣬵һ뿪ֻҪŶѣħű޹أұ֤ǰȻȥڶǾǰ˰ﵽףһͬսɣ
ٴתֳŰҫķչҫĻ֮ͬкݺݵħһӣ֮ǰħðҫѡѡֵѡˣ·תһĻħɫ쳣ѿ
ذҫ˲ôħǾ֮˼ˣǾŵ԰
ŵĻطɿմ֮԰Ѿˣֲֻ˾ͽʵ֮ǿѷɫ٣ԷҲûиƴĴ㣬Ͼʵͷ۵ĺܡ
˾ͽᣬ֪ʲôݣͲаӾ£ô԰ҧȵ
˾ͽһ΢ЦôҰ𸮣ȥǵа£ôظ㣬ġ
԰ݺݵĵ˾ͽᣬȻܲϣʵ˾ͽ˵ҲֻŻԷѣԼʹΪʥ֮һȴûǸȨָааıȨϣŻԣҪȥûǸ
ãܺãǾͲö˵ʲôˣվ͸ƴƣ˭Ҳã
԰ŭһ˫Ŀһɣһɺޱȵɱ¾֮ȫ汬ѪצչѪɫӰһƬɺ֮ɫƼ侪ˡ
ľOɱ
ۼ԰ƴĴ㣬˾ͽҲҴ⣬˫ֽӡܵҹտʼŤһ㵭ɫ͸⣬԰ɺͥ񣬸ռ죬ȻΪ˵԰
ϼŶ幦
ƴۿžҪչս֮ʱ԰΢΢һ㶣漴üƺڸ˽пռ䴫̾ϢһɺɢȥצҲһͬɢΡ
ۼ԰ջ˾ͽиеɻ󣬰԰ǲʲôıɱž裬԰˾ͽһۣҧҧָһǰĿռ䡣
ռˮһɢ԰촽΢΢֪˵ʲôҲã̧˿ռ֮ڣ漴ʧӰ١
԰ôˣĪīսԪҲˣ̳ڵŸ֣Ǵһᣬ֮ˣüߵĶȫװСڣһԵĳɽ·ɴܶȥһĻ˶ɵˡ
ҫһãȻ֮ɫħһԣŤͷߣħűĸҲȥһͬ뿪ǰħֻһ仰
յŰݷãҫҪ׼ˣ
仰ȥев˼νĵŰݷҫвһֲ̫õĸоͺ֮©ʲôһ㣬·ǳҪԺľҪá
ųˣ̳ڲˣһ˸ɾԭΪһҵĴսڵǣһŤ˶ˣе㲻֪룬а˵İ˴ҲصһãȻ֮ɫ
֮ǰ˴ңʥԼǺȭλ񾳣ǳͻأķˣð˴񾳸еǳɻ󣬻̳ϵΣҲһ
Ҳ˵ιǴȫʤӮеĪǲǻŽ𣬶ǶԷǱӣװóţ˴в֮࣬һĳıеĸо
˺ã˺ðҫ˸
Сʦܺγ԰üͷʵ
ոֻƶѣܻ¼ˣʮ񾳣㹻ǺһˣӮĿôǻġҫŤŤӣ΢Ц˵
ϸһ˵ͷҫ˵ʵӾ˵Լ߲û̫ƣħֱӷѣǱȻ˲أ˵ԼҲ֮ǡ
뵽岻ľһ亹ȥԺһҪúõմﵽҫͥİҫѾ㹻ʵвˡ
۷׷֮ʣҶҫǰǿ˿һƬǽĹ㳡漴ҫ˵ҫûʲô̫ãˡ
ҫ΢Цҡͷļ򣬿ڵҪĳ֣Ҳûгħ÷ǳĴĶһĶ١
ʲôҫιţҷаȻıߣҲ԰ΪʲôˣƮƮĲ֮ɫʢ˵˵
ҫ΢΢һ㶣Ҳûоʲô֮ǰŵҶһ飬ƮƮȻ֮ɫԽԽѿҫ˵֮ȵҫҸιţǳ˲ҲҪβ֣ʹʦָôʵ̫ˣ
ҫ񣬿ƮƮаԴʲôҩˣ֮ͥ޼ɵѵԼϴεĽѵ
Ҳ˵ҳ˲ôҪôҲǺİɣҫɦɦףЦĿڵ
Ҳ˵ģλ֣ĸûгô֮еԴҪʦֵĺ䣬ûʸţô˰ɣƮƮ˰֣Դ΢΢𣬰ʮ˵
ƮƮͱ˵ӣжǷ߷߲ƽôħʱûôԵڴ˳װǻƣʵ¶֮
ѾͷǸɴҫСֵ𸮵ĺôҲǷа˷ˣ˾ͽǺЦֱ䵽ƮƮǰһԵīҲǳһƮȻ
˽ֻƮƮΪǣҲ˫ǰһ¿ǰŵĹǺ
ƮƮԶ԰ҫʴʣǶҪǻ𸮵ĻǿǴͷǰƮƮ˵ûȴīӴסˣаãʲô
Է뻯ĴߣԼľ磬ֵĻǼֱҲֻܼøɵۣƮƮ֪Ҫ˵
СѾͷĻѽ˾ͽϷˣ֮⣬ֱĶƮƮڵ
ҡҡƮƮо֨֨ذ˵Ҳ֪𸮵ﲻ治֪ô˵ˡ
ǺǣأôţҾðɣҪûŵѹ¹˭ֻδ֪Ҳܱܣ԰ҫСֵŵĺôǸɣûɣ˾ͽЦ˵
ƮƮҶ˵ʲôԼ˵ʲôһĵͷ˾ͽüЦŰҫЦӯӯһۣһӣڵ߰ɣǼʶʶ˵еű⣬ʲô
ҫԿЦͣ˾ͽĸ֣ǰΧձ̫ΣֻƮƮôһ֣֮м˷а˵˥ܣͬʱҲҫ˿ɳ֮


ʮ ű⣡Ҫ£
ű⣬ȫǧ۷ɣ۵ĲƸ϶һ֣ȸԾ֮ģ̳˸׳죬ڷ˱ڡ
Ļر˾ͽһɨ壬شҲҶƽ֮󣬱ڵһУĿɿڴ
һǧƽ׵ľ͹㳡㳡ڶѻɽĽƱֻĵرţëۻңӦӲϾһĻһγʱ޲һ۷ĵ̰
ɵϸ㱦ڵĲƱ֮漴һƿڴ԰ʮ˴ʺ˸飬˶Ǻ˾ͽᶼüͷһֳ֣һƬҲֵĺܡ
ΪκŭΪⱦڵĲƱֻǿտǶѣֻнƱѣĵرֻ³̶ȵģǧôûжĵرֳһûУеֻǽѣֶƴãϰ֮һöûеġ
԰ԭ뿪֮ǰмֵĶˣػˮһգһˡ˾ͽҧҧ֮ɫŭ
ҫƳƳ죬תתһҲȻ֮ǰһ˵ȽõĶʵҲǶȽãǶԹòŶԣǾǰҫһɷħ
֮˵вȱҪʯɷħ޲ʱ䷢ӳܣȫʢʱڵɣøûʩչΪһ㣬ʱȱƷ
ˣʤޣҿǻʵһ㣬Ķ˵ˣܱʲôûеĺðɣҫ˸ָ˵עЦ
Խ̾ϢһҲֻˣǰЩӴĽҲ൱Ŀ͹ۣȻԼ˵ҲûʲôãȿֶҪã˵ȫ塣
תתҫֺҲ΢ЦĿԼüʼеͷ
䵹ǳһ⣬аԼܹѹסģôԼҲĺܣ𸮡šаҫôеͷˣˣӰԺĺֶԼҲһѵľ档
ʦ֣һüӣ֪Ѵʦܵôܲͦأɣҽߣа˾ͽ˰ɣʲôҪѵɷħҾͿˣûɣҫ΢Ц塣
ǾˣСʦܣ֮ǰʦʲôԵĵط崫أҲͦ
ҫÿɷһЦߵ˾ͽǰǸ˵ǰΣĲ˼ֶ飬Ըʲôҵ֮Ȼ˫ַϣ
˾ͽһ˫Թе񣬿ҫ̾һƲֵľͺҲƱҪסοǷһ飬ĻҪװʶŶ
ҫԸæȭɫǰܷԸǣҫ岻ݴǡ
˾ͽ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵŵùΪˣȻô˵ˣʱҿɲ
ȻҫɵЦͷڻص
ˣȻˣҲයˣҪϻȥأôҫСֵܣסĳŵԵټ˾ͽЦе˵һҲȰҫػűī뿪ˡ
ҫĿ˾ͽ뿪漴תͷҶЦʲôأ㲻ҪŻԼͼֽôԼȥѽ
ҶûҫǽתƮƮ˫Ŀ΢΢֪ô֮ǰڶʴʵʱôһ˲䣬ûؽ˳ɱˣͲ÷ˣжģ𸮵Ҳҵġ
ҫ˷ۣסҶļ˵Ůһʶξ͵ҸӣôˣƮƮһôĻҵƢ⵽ˣξ˰ɣô
ҶһۣҫԼϵĴִ򿪣˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ƮƮĻصֻһΣ²Ϊ´Ҫǻⲻ֪ߵغһһĻġ
Ҷ˵֮ͷҲصȥӦȥѰͼֽЩûüߵĻҶȥıӰҫ¶һֻĵЦݣҶܸԼӣѵأ
֮鵹Ҳ򵥣ҫ˵ɷħ٣Ȼûпڵлҫȴǳ˸м֮ɫ漴ͬк뿪˭֪ǰ˴ȴΧѯǷͻ˳񾳡
ڵõҫĿ϶֮󣬰˴񾳵̬Ժ˺ܶ࣬һֱԵĺΪҫ̾һидĶ࣬ԼûͻƳ񾳵Ļ˴񾳵һ˻Լ벻Լô׵ȡߵɷħ
԰мֵĵر֮ɷħѾмֵһĵرˣҫ֮˵þãû飬Ϊʵⷽ˵ʵһУʵҲܹͬӵһУǺŲĶɡ
ҫҲûǶϻʲô˼䣬뿪ˣʱҺɽ񡢻н˿ŰҫȥаԼûˡ
ҫȻûиһȷĴ𸴣ǰҫѾǿʲôƺڿаˣҪУһʵǵ뷨û̫ĳ롣
뽫̨ȻɰҫΣȻҫ̲а˵뷨ôǸԼ뵽һȥˣҫûиԼһȷĴ𸴵ҲûôҪˣֻҪϰҫҲͿˡ
뵽˶ԼеļƻӳҫȷǸɶõ˲ţʵǿʾͷԹˣҲǱãǿֱһˣԱķ涼Ҫһڣе褺˼
Һɽʲôҫָе˻ϣҲ֪ҫ֮󣬱ֳ˽Ȼ̬ͬȣٲ˵ģҫʱͻٶȣʵе̫ˣǿ˳ˮ룬ζ
Ҫ˵ʰɣȻУֻռһɶѣ뷨ǻȥ֮չغúͻƾ磬һҪڶʱ׷ϰҫĽŲ׷Ҳ̫࣬һԾǰҫСŶΨһֵľֶΡ
һ¾֮ҫ񾳵ĸоԼһЩĵãҫҲ֪޲ԣԼһЩĵô󷽵ĸˡ
ԾҪﵽ񾳣ôҪǱҪﵽľ̶ȣȻҪȻǿƣ룬ʵȥȥȻеһУ顢⣬ֻҪȻκһԡ
Ȼһְ취Ǿֱܳһƣҫ˵һ취ʱ˽ĿɿڴŰҫЦеôô˵ļʳųɣʵҲȷˣΪҫĳ񾳾Ӳ˽ħһƵġ
ΪҫڿЦʵϰҫûпЦǲ֪ҫԼȷʵ񾳵һһʽʵûͻǰűϵ
񾳹ʱһжһ̶ȵҲǰҫܹ˲򵽳񾳵Ĺؼԭһҫ˲֮⾳Ӷ˳ͻƵ˳񾳣νߵ
ҫ˵Լĵ֮ǳ˼֮ͬĸ磨ĵܣλȥ֮Ҫչأ½ˡ
仰˵ĺ룬Ѱҫ˵ˣһЦŰҫҡҡͷдһ˿Цɫ仰Ҳͬһ˵˳ҲҪҫѿΪҲ֪ʵҪԣҲԼĳԹҪҪǿʵ
ҫ磬ǽʲôƻô΢΢һЦʵ
ҫ΢ЦͷڵҪ£ǰͳһϷе


ʮ £Ϸ
ʱȥ£﷢˺ܶ£űƵϢ·һ籩һ㣬ϯ˶Էаչֳʵеľѡ
ǧ겻ţȻһ˵͸ˣ˫ֻһϵʱ䣬̳ͱϢҲȷǺ˵㡣
Ͼ˵а˾ôǿҲȣΪ뻯ĴߴڣһаȥǻϾΪ
аʤˣһǴʤȻδͷβ٣ǷажȫռĵλѼСʧ۷֮һŸˣ֮на˵һ߷塣
ιžӹΰİҫȻʽ򣬷壬а˵ĸ񷸮ͷԽԽԺ²񷸮ߵˣƮƮΪԽĲһ
֮ԻΪƲߵʱϸܵģһϢû͸¶Ӷ£˶ΪжļƻһְģԮţҲΪȥġ
˵ΰҫ󣬿ȴ˼£һʱڽбΪܳĺ֮㣬ͷ֮ҫҲ٣ƽһʮ֮ࡣ
һвеԺԼϲ֮ɫˣͷҲɰҫȴƽһˣҲ˲ԭ
Ϊҫƽһ񾳵İҫл뽭ǿֵǼ¼˽гߵʵȻⷽؾֻаôࡣ
ʵеĳкܶ࣬ʵҲߵ֣֮Žǿ֮еĳ񾳣϶ⷽصĶˡ
ĺԳƽһͬҲ岻뿴£ж԰ҫļɵҲŨѾʼӰҫΪжд̣졣
ڰҫûô࣬ҲںԼĹȫռȥˣҲ൱æµ
һҪԼֵʵڶʱһǳ͹۵ĳ̶ȣһҪ壬ʵͳһϷļƻ˵æĻڵأæµͬʱðҫǳġ
ڰҫ˵ĺ£Լҫֵʵֱͻͽݣ⵱ҲָеĹ͡
ָв˸ۼĳ̶ȱҪǿʮϣϰҫĿԼûûҹ˽֣ǶԳ񾳵һ˶Գ񾳵Ȼ°빦԰ҫԺڶͻƵ񾳵
ʱͻƵʱͬ󣬷ԲǧѩƮ꣬¼һ£ڵһȫɱƼ侪ˣҲ˲ǰΧۣа˵˼ˡ
֪ͻƵʱ˽Ǵʧɫа˶԰ҫСŶӣ˵ǰδеӣϾ񾳵ĴڣֻҪҫԸ⣬ȫԿɣһǵĳһ
Ȼҫʱû㣬ͼıаˣȻŹɽԼѾ߹ģ˵¶ʱҪа̲֮󣬲ŻĴ㡣
νһϲҳͻƣҫ˿Уֿ˻ǿĳЩ˵ŨŨĶʼˣ˵ƮƮ壬ȻʱͬСǸС׼ˣȫûᲢۡ
Ƕ˷ֱ𽫰ҫɶ֣߶˵ʵѾԶԶ˦ôҲǸǷֱ׷ʱˡ
αǰ֮󣬱æȥˣȻʧȥͼǿȥˣǰ˴񾳣ǿǿĲУϯΪҫأǴĹάһҫҲӦһ£û̫ѿϾ֮ǰֵе㲻̫죬޲һ֮Ĺϵ
񣬰ҫѾߵĴڣֱҫˣûͻƵ񾳵ЩֵǣͬǳĿɹۡ
°ѾﵽԲĳ̶ȣҲֻһ֮ңѣҳ°LһѾԷǳãʵ֮ȫͬն
ָСҶġ˽ͬСﵽ֮ĳ̶ȣһ¸ǧԼóǷһķԾ
ָеԽԽ棬һЩȫҲٶȱǿֹмܹȻ֮й󷨣ҫҲСơ
ҶĵṦԽԽѸݣṦĻҫҪ̾磬ٶȿ죬켣׽Ҫѣȴ׵ĺܡ
İڱ˳ͻƵ죬˫ѣ˫ѵȻǿԷѳһȻֻһ֮Ҳ㹻ˣǰܣʵ֮ǿֱĿࡣ
ҲֲĿֲڶ֪ģǵΪԽԽɵĶԽԽ֮ľҲԽĿֲ
ҫʵֻ֮ܺķΪѹƣȴûֻԽҲ˵ĶԳ˵޽ģİ취ֻԶ֣ڡ
ʱգҫСŶʵѾ൱͹ۣͳһϷľˣҲɵĽţѾ߳Ч
һҲܼ򵥣ҫǰ˴ΧܱߵͻƿڣһҪԴ
ԴҪԻΪ֮֮齫£ԴаħǾȫ෴Ҫɽ֮ƣԾԵǴ£һʾ֮٣ͬø֪ǿʵ
ҫ뷨˵ǵõ˴ҵһͬƮƮǳûбﷴڷа˵Ķʩ֮£Чǳ
˴ڵ䷽ԲдССټȫЧڷаˣ÷а˵˼ȻټϷ˵Ҳʮ֮һѣжҲŸոտʼˡ
һƻǷӢϷеǰ鹲аƲģҫкǳƶΪС壬ı뵽һ㣬֮ǰơ
Զ׼屳˸׼ôȥĸˣǲɽ¶ˮİʤҲû˭ˣֻǰҫûļƻ֧֡
Ϊ뿴ʤ𵽵ڸʲôȻԼļƲҲҪ̲ϷǰʤһȴӵֱӣʱҲǸӵĿ١
һµʱа˰ӢϷоųӦǰ۲񷸮̷аƣҲⶨķаƵȫݣʵ
ºµ죬Уҫڵһ¥һ¥λһò裬¥ΪĽֵ˿ڲ裬̾Ϣһҡҡͷ
ôĵĸϣǰаɵӣǰǵϹӰʤ𰡣ʤ㵽ڸʲôҫţԹԵ豭衣
ʱһò㣬ͦεߵҫߣЦе˵λ̨ɷͬ
ҫĿ˶Էһۣһ΢Цԣ
ҫĶ£Űҫ΢Цͷڵ̨ǻ졮ҫ
ҫ΢Цصǣ̨ʶң
Ҳʶҵĵܵʶ㣬߸ܵܣϣֻɱ㵽кι֮΢Цſڵ
ҫʼ磬ЦеĻصûʧɣаĶү


ʮ ү뷴аᣡ
ʶңһ㶣漴΢Цʵ
ҫʼ磬ԼѲ赹豭һڣڻصҿôô˵ĻжѲ£ȻôܵܰҵϣаӶүݣӦҲû˰ɣ
ԹһЦ˵ͷڵ˵ͷԹˣǾ죬ұΪȻڿеŵ
ҫƲƲ죬һԹĿǣڵ˵κӵɣòϣҪͷԵĻһ治ÿεļƻ꣬µĺҲҶ࣬һһ治
ѽ΢Ц˵
ΪûǿָʵϵģһļıѹҵʵӦûһֱȥҫǰ̽ϣ˫ĿȣһգգĶ΢Ц
΢Цͷڵ˵ûֻⷽоԵʵȡʤıֻһֶָζѣھѹԵʵǰνļıֻһЦˡ
ҫÿɷĴ˸ָ΢ЦЩʱ򣬲òһӵһıԣܹʡȥ鷳ġ
ڰҫָһ˲䣬ʱоޱȵɱ⽫ԼŤͷ˿һ׳һЦݣһЦ
ͬʱעԼÿ˵絶ڼΪĺܣûһʡ͵ĵƣǵıƺֻҪҫһ£˾ͻǰԼ̻һ㣬ǣǹ١°Ҷġ
һе뻢ڵ˼Ͱźõô꿪ʵ˿ûнŵɫƺȫԼĴЦ棬
ҫ΢ЦָָԼԴڵһֵģҵңһΣڽӽңһ΢İţνļıˡ
΢΢һ㶣漴ЦЦ֮豭һ裬ڵţòϣҵ⻹ͦ࣬˵ھԵʵǰκμıֻһЦˣ
һ䣬˳ֽ豭棬ڱӴһ˲䣬һɺޱа𣬷·쫷һϯ¥㣬аޱȣһëȻ֮С
ۼ귢ѣҫҲڶԷһ˲䣬ƽ棬񹦵Ŀ񱩻Ҳͬȫ汬ҵĻаͥƣ˿·硣
а幦߀K
񹦶幦һ
ʱ¥Ȼ˲࣬Ҳмҫ걬˺˵ŵǷ׷룬˵˵Ķ幦ȫ汬ԽСĲ¥䱬ᲨԲ׵һ
ڣ°ͬʱͷǱסС¥ڱҫΪƽأ˻סС¥¥㣬ȴûпǵ
Ƕ˵֮޴ȥֻܳϴܣѲ¥ݶըһһ˲ƺòˣ·ϵ˶һ׷ӴܣԶʮӰڸΪһҺɽ
סҫȳּֿ֣һߣһƥĻֱϮвǶȵѲ⣬ָǿ磬Ҫһֲ
ơţ
ҫֿ죬ֱ죬ֻǺЦֽסҫƣһһ˦赭дĻ˰ҫһͻϮ֮ƣͬʱһתĴָָѹһһһķֱҫüġ
ҫŲæ̧֣ĴָǷһԣƥĳâƣâȥƲֱʺȥһ㣬
ؿ꣬ıĴݣ԰ҫûԼֵļǹаһ֮⣬лһƤаһ㱻ɢ
аf껤壡
ʱҫǰĲҲܲס˵ױ飬ҫ˫Ŀһɣ˲۳һŻţ׼͵һ˦𾢣Цˣɫ˲ޱȡ
һС
ӵ£ܽӣ
а룬ۼСԼߣ˲ֱʣоյıܿ򣬰ҫһһÿ죬漴̧һָСһ㣬׷ֱա
üһ̧׼СһţһžֲȻӲĽ߱ҲŻըǿȻ٣̼ʧӰ١
ҫò˶ãͻٴμģסҵ֣ҽгֽΪպ֮ȥجΣ
Ļҫ˫Ŀ΢΢һЦôĿ˼
ǰҫһ棬ڰҫгԴĿԣ˵ʲôΪҫպ֮ȥجΣجΣֻǰҫجΣ֮ȥѡ
ĵܣȥ׷ôǰһʵ
ҫ˰֣ڵ׷ոսֵʱܸоľΪ֮ϣһӣô׷Ŷ
аĶүʱƣ϶Ԥıģ°ü˵
ҫƲƲ죬ŵĳ°ļ򣬿ڻЦʲôԤıˮڣСӵĻ˵ֱþԵʵ
Ц˵ͷʱҺɽ˸ϵ˿һƬǽܣҫǰĵʵҫСѣʲôô
ҫ΢΢һЦ˰֣ڵû£϶֣Ҵˣ˵СϵˣʵڱǸ
С
Һɽ˿ݶû˵Ĳ¥Լܷ·𱻱ϯľмж԰ҫ˵ܲΪȻҫһʲôĶ֣Ҳ˵ƣЦе˵û¾ͺãˣصŶĲˣаҲҪʼˣһȥɣ
а᣿ǺǣǴʦİɣҫ΢Цʵ
˵ˣҪʦôֳҺɽЦһڻص
ҫҲû˵ʲô°ҶġˣͬҺɽŴصȥʱʮһƬյ֮ϣƮƮڵϡ
ס֮ӭһ෢꣬Ƶߵǰ˵ˣ
˵ͷ΢ЦţòϣȾʥĻҪǿơıʵϣǿ˲ֹһǰ㣬Ǹ˼ˣ
аô෢һʵ
ͬһ˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬Ц߳ϣ
෢˵ͷתͷǵķ򣬳˵ôھ͵źˣվͽһ򾡰ɣ
ؿڣһмУ񷸮ǳĽ·̣֮Բٲ񷸮ٰ췴аᣬΪЩ·аʲôè壬ѡУ˵˾ǶĲģεı֡
ΪʲôΣΪƮƮһ̫ԴˣԴ˸еѽӴ뷢Ӣ齻Ǹ
Żδ֮ʱƮƮǷǳѿˣֺʴʣĿˣЩֶ̻¶ɣЩôܵˡ
ڷаʵǿûз˶ˣȻҪǻֻǸʼѣʱļᣬд󲿷ѾһҪһѵҪҪϷа˶ԿаѾǵĿ֮ڡ
ҫ˻֮ǰЩԹţеһֲ̫õĸоⳡаᣬӦòõȥ
ҫǰ㣬ǲã൱Ŷԣ⵽ʱ֮ǡ


ʮ ࣿԴ
ģԭһƬտĹ㳡Ϊ˾ٰηаᣬΪķа˻ǿװһ£ϾϵĶҲ޿ɱġ
Ҫ˵ľǻ㲻ϣ򵥵װλǺбҪģƬ㳡ûֱбֿ
̨ǧƽаԼͬ˳뷴а˵һǧƽʯ̨Щҡڲ
ʯ̨ߴһɣɴʯɣʯ̨֮ϲ輸һӦȫʯ̨֮ЩŴĻֵĻһԵĵȼֱ𣬿ɼ湦ϵǻ˲˼
ѾϷܺˣƬ㳡ռ㹻㹻ɹˣǧ˵ҲԵӵ
ԹҫҺɽϵ᳡֮ʱֳΪۼҫĵ΢΢һ㶣漴˽˽η֮ɫһЩָһֳݵĿҫˡ
Բ뽭ҫ¼ÿһߴɫʣܶ཭һĸ֣ܿƷɵӰӣòϣĺ֮УԿԳƵ͵һ벻עⶼѡ
ҫǰͶֳĿ⣬һòĵͷ΢ЦһЩǰк̸ҫҲǷǳòӦԣΪ˴ϣҫⷽ滹൱ӵġ
ҫҵ֮󣬰˸վ֮ǰҫ£һЩһĸֽǰһ
ҫͷѾ˵ģƶϡ˲ĸ֣˲ͷ˿ȷа˲١
иҸаа壬ȡһЧģֻĴڣһǷаˣһҾǰ˲СŶˡ
Ȼֻаˣаǰ˶ڣǴʵ˵˲ʵԺɨеĶˣһЩһܽ䵷١
Ͼǰ˵ľΪǳƽľΪǵ䶼ᣬպĽռǳĴʮʮ֮ǵʵﵽʲôĳ̶ȡ
츳˵պȫΪǺпܵ飬˵ǻһ뻯ţھһǰҫһ
ȻⳡаǲǣǷа˲Ŷԣ˵緢壬űӶƮƮԼ˴̨֮ϣһһкˡ
ĳֳֵв֮˶Χߣ꺮ůķС
ʵҲ֪ЩһסֻһЩ֮ˣؼʱ̸ָǣµĸоеƮƮȻƮƮһ֮ɫ
һ֮˿ʼֱ̨һѾϵķаһǻҲԿֻǶԷаеϣһѡ
˼֮΢ЦĿ̨µİҫЦСʦܣҪʼˣɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦ־ôһ˵߶Լϣ˰˵ʦ֣ηаǷˣһͿˣ֧оߣ
Դһᣬ漴üЦŰҫ˵ͷҫ˵˵ǸһӣҰվԼߣôηаҲûʲôù˼ɵˡ
԰ҫɵʲô飬һȻǣֻҪ취ЩʳŲ̲ˡ
ҫ磬㲻ȥôʵ
ϲȥһԽκӰ죬ֻǺΪʲôҪôżȥһУΪνķа˰డҫҡҡͷ˵
ǰͰĻȷˣôļһʲôɸ˵ܴڡ˵ͷ͵
ҪСһЩʱȲҪ¶̫ܾ࣬ý컹һЩر½ҪĻҪôԴˡҫһڣ˵
Ե˵ͷ˵ҫͷ˼ŷаĿʼԽԽһĪĲУ·֮һֻ֣ڲٿһУ
λţ밲һ£лҪ˵
ʱվ͵һȣһ㴫㳡˽ţڿҫԼĹ쳣ˣЩ𾪣Щȴ֮Աǡ
ΪĹڳ˶Ҳûʲôҫģһֳ֮ҲٽͷӶ׷װҲǸ档
ֳһƬž֮˵Ŀⶼۼһ˵ϣĵ˵ͷ˵գлλǰٿⳡаᣬνķаᣬ˭ȻҪ˵а
а˽أڽ¶ˣɱ˷Ż޶ǺԵɵ˷ʥءǧ¡֮ǶĴңǶϷ񣬴һҰġ
Ϊȥ²ҪãǵĴȱɶҪ磬λͬһ֮а֪аһҶ󡣡
һ䣬ֳѻȸ漴ûã㳡뵽һƬҵУʱаȷľսǺɵĴռصֶ֮Ѫ˷ָһڳû˲
ǣҪ˵аԿȴû˵ô򵥣˶˽ĵģҪǴ˭һô䣿˭ʩƾʲôҪ˵ⶼ⣬ǳ⡣
ⷬԴǣûҪĽʵӵ٣ɵ˶ֳ࣬һƬ˵硣üɫ̫ÿ
һ£˵ɣһͳԵĻֳٴΰ˵ǰҫһˣɽׯׯվڷа˵Ķ档
ø˵ûаҰģֶ̲θǶǲȥٲһֿͬаӾ£ʱϣɾûǸˣҵС£аĺ磬ǣǼ˵ѱԴǵ˵Ļ˵ʵڣҲǷ׷׵ͷʾͬ⡣
һϲ뿪˵Щʲôȴִ̧ϣ壬˵ø˵ڱеģҲԣǣһʣøǡ
ׯ˵޷΢Цͷڵ
˵ͷڵ˵ʲôʽеģ˭أ
˵ֱּ򵥣ЦȴʧˣԷ˼൱ԣ˿ԣô֣˭϶塣
üٴθЦݣڵ˵ʽܼ򵥣Чҷаˣ֮ǶģɵŶԼȨûиı䣬ΪܹõĺԴͬǣ޿ɱģоǡ
һ£ΪԴ忪ڴĻ΢΢üֲ֮ɫ
ҪλŲҪģԼڵԴ׳˽ͳһ䣬ڹа֮õ棬ҲкңͷһͬʣνԴˣȻ֮ɫڻص
Ļ֮⣬ҪԼڵԴԼԴˣû˻ô޴еķԽ
еǺ֮ĲУ֮Ĳޣ˭֪Դ֮᲻ᱻ˾ܣʱЩͳͳҪȥûԴɣֻˣû˻ô
壬ˣҿ̲ɣڵ
ûҪ̲ǣǹֻǴкѰ


ʮ ֮һ٣
аҲ񷸮ϷռʹƴҲҪ˽ǣ
ƾ㣬ϼһûǸʵ
һ죬񷸮̫ϳϣֱһƴ׵ĸ߿պ棬ѹһĿĵӣ̫ϳķ飬
Ϊ˵˸ִֻǣĲ񷸮Ѿ뵽˻֮Уа϶ĶүԴаǧǿ񷸮
鷢ͻأȫûһķ񷸮ں޷֮£һֲаĴƵͣǿ񣬹񷸮֮
ɵȫѹƲ񷸮ĸ֣ܣ˱䵱ɱһӶݣ̫ϳҲһһˣ񷸮Ҫһ
ʦ𡮰ʤʼնûгֹ·ͲһĻ԰ʤ뻯ߵʵ񷸮Ҳôңôǣ֮ǰǵǳĿС
ʤĻ֮סˣסˣҫסˣڳ˶סˣ仰ǳڳκ˵ĿУǴεд
ͻȻͷϵĿռɢһʤл߳ǰۼʤ֣ҫͫ˲С֪ԼǷݲĸоˡ
Ѿͷֵǣʱս׼ҫˮ˵
Խһ㶣漴תʱս׼Ȼҫô˵ˣôȻĵҲҴ⡣
ʱڰʤ֮֮ǰǾ仰˾þòƽһʵظ±ǰʤǰɣ֪ǰ֮ǰǷΪ
ʤ𵭵Ʋһ˵ҵĻظǰֻ·һǹ˳һԼѡɣ
һ䣬ڳ˽Ǵʧɫ˵Ŀ⼸壬ҲǻŵĲУ̧ͷеİʤʦ¡
Ļû˵꣬ʤִ̧ϣˣ½ΪʦͲùˣ֮˳߲ҵ˼ɣ
һ㶣ͻȻʶ˴ʱ˿̵İʤȥ̫һ·һƵã̬Ҳǰδе䵭
ʱֳ뵽˻֮У˵У˶ľ֮ɫƿڴģоʧģԴǷ׵ģ֮Ҫжҡ
ʤĻɵӶʲô˼һڳϷ˼ôνķаᣬЩǰμӵ˵ֱ뻢ڡ
ۼֳҳһţ˷ʤûˣ𰲾
һ䣬ʤ̧һѹǰƽ׵Ŀռ·һɽһ㣬ݺѹ䣬ֻһ죬Ƭռ䷶Χʮ˱ѹ࣬涼֮
ڲ֫һţγһѪĿݣȻĲʤ֣Ǻ˷ָ
ʤʲô˼ҳɱˣ浱ǲڵô壬ʦͽ˵ʲô˼̸£ɱвô˵ôһŭ𣬴ʱѾŭʤݽ̧ɱˣĺмΪ졣
ʤǸ߸¶һɭޱȵЦݣڵ˵ˣⲻˣ̲ԸñʥѣɰȻȥԸģǾͰ°ɣ
һ䣬ֳٴδҫ͵һۣҧгݵǱˣˣ
ԼҫֵǣԽһ㶣԰ҫĻе㲻̫⣬ȻڰʤҪǿ̲ҫνıˣˣ
û´ĻʤӦаˣ֮һɣҫɫˣ˵
ҫ֪ΪʲôôȵټϷǰٿʲôаᣬʵǰʤ˾ۼһȻһ򾡡
Խһ㶣һַǳõĸоҫͷ˼һ漴һȵʦ֣ʦ𣬸аˣʱ䣬ڵаĴȫΧˣ㱻ƭˣ
ҫ㳡ֳһƬȻ˼Ŀҫ漴̧ͷյİʤеɫ־ֺʵҲǵһ㣬ֻȥˡ
Сͦ飬ѹҵĴͽ±ѹƣû˵ûа֮һڲѾˣǾ仰߲ɱɱ⣡ʤ¶һּЦݣҫɭȻڡ
㣬һֱңĿɿڴĿŰʤ𣬲
ǺǣȻأͨ㱾ܽϷеһȻһԼʡʱʡʡģĻƾĵôͶֻ̥ʮ㶼ʸ񣡡ʤЦ
ɱ㣡ͫһŭȳеŭѾ嵽˶㣬ԭԼ⼸һֻڱŪڹ֮䣬ַŭѾʧȥǡ
˫ĿһƬѪ֮ɫҧĿֱ죬ϱޱȣ˳𣬱ʤҪƤйͷֻޡ
ߣƾ㣬֣үҪͷһˣʤмƳһŭ壬һ
֮
ڰʤ֮ٴδһЦ漴һһסĲӣݺݵѹڵ֮ϣû֣ǿסȫаеĶү
ڳס֮˴λδ֮ǰһɹǿƣߵһֲ׷˿
һԵƮƮ״ʣеˣոԾ𣬾ͱеһ˸˳ȥٿѪԷһжӲ£Ұܵ
ƮƮĲԩаУǵÿһľΪʵ֮ǿɼһߡ
ڷа˵İ˴񾳣ǳ㿴ңҿ㣬̾ϢһҪֽΧ˭֪ǸҪ֮ʣȴҫĻ
λǰаѾˣǴǰȥطأｻǺˣ
Խһ㶣漴ҫ˵ͷɴȥʼԱˣ÷ص׼ҫһֱ֮ȥֻһ𾢷ȼͣƺòˡ
ո˲񷸮ٽɱǴһأĿе壬һЦɱȻ˵
־ŭ񷸮ֽĻҵȴֻ뽫̻ûз̫֮ǿˣƥеģԼһֻһ㱻УɲԼ
ʱڳҪ¾֮ʱͻȻһɼ׺ˣŤͷһһİҫԼһߵʹ˸ɫ΢΢ͷӭҫ
ҹ
ҫһȣ˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬֮ϵĻ𾢶ʱ׺ʮֹǿֺ˵Ļѹǰ˺ݺݵһߣû֮ܽڡ
ҫûг֣ƾ˵Ѿа޲ߣʵ֮ǿ˾ѣҫֱٶȸǿ֮ת˲Ѿ嵽˳ǰ
ҷſ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ͺȣ̧Ⱦһֱ߳ţһļ죬ﵽϳĵزԵףƸǰƥȷѾó΢ϢУƼ׺
񹦶幦һ
ȡһǿݣ
԰ҫ񱩵һţǿҪӦԣһɣſ壬΢΢˶ȥּֿоյĶ㿪һţҫβͣ߳һ˳ƽֱȥչҵ׷
ʱİҫչսȴаĴΧˡ


ʮ ҫֶΣʤ֣
ǰҫĵڶν֣֮ǰ¥еһս˫ֻǳ̽ûȫɼʹ˱˴֮仹˱Ƚ̵ӡ
ҫǾ񹦣ͻƵ֮󣬹ͻƵһһ㣬Ԫ޾Ĺȫ֮£ΪͻǰǿʮֹΪѾңʵ֮ǿԳԼľΪȼ
Ǿаҫһͬ޵˶幦߀KĵزаҲԪڹϷǵҫҪʤһаҪŴıԵӶǱܣһػϣҪڰҫ֮ϵġ
ӹ˵Ҫ߹ҫҲͬˣҫȻѾȹԼľΪ׵׵Ľ˳ڣǳϰ磬츳ҲаĺԴ̵ֽ࣬ΪѴڵ۷壬Ҫ߳ҫһͷ
Դʵ˵Ҫ߳ҫ٣ǣҫԼʵֶεǲ٣򷨟oѪԪ󷨡ͫʥ¡Щܸҫʵϴ
οҫͻƳ񾳵ʱʵϵĽڰҫȫ֮ʵƽҪ΢һ˿´ʱ֮Ե࣬·硣
ȻҫҪսپУΪֶζʱƵģһԼܲסʱһҫ״̬ήһ൱ĵزûԱ
԰ҫĹ쳣ͣڿи֮ͣĹƣƳӶһɱ
Ҳаȣҫͣǲ£ǰľʩչ쾡£ϰǲǵðϮǱƵ֧׾еǱ֮ࡣ
ֻǣҲʲôɵӣڽʮ֮Ҳо˰ҫֶ֮ʱԼսķʽȻʱƵģͨһ֮󣬳ʼض࣬ҪһϿҫȰҫ֮ɱȻ練ơ
һصûͦȣϿҵ˼ôҪӽˣ
ҫ˼һת̧һǸ߲ߣһƼѸͣȷХ̶絶ҫһֱֿͣȡĲҪһ߶ľǡ
ȡ߳ɲư
Űҫնһаһÿ죬һҫĲ߸պôǼɨ˵ȷΪ֮һϣɼһŵ֮͡
ɾڳΪԼһʱҫǸ߸߹¶һЦݣֻӲֹסԼһŵȥƣպͣڳҼ磬ǰһһתһ̤ݺݵ̤Ҽ硣
˵ʱʱ죬ҫʽ仯ֻõʯݣһŵľ֮ǰһǲضãڳķӦҲǼ죬ұһ̧Ӳҫһţǣһ㣬Ǿǰҫڳ˵ľ
ԴӰҫͻƳ֮ںϴﵽңĹĳҪǿңҫһŵľ൱̤ƽһߵ¥ǿ
ֱȥӲֱҫӴһ˲䣬ʱеҫĽŲǽţһɽͺҫһɽȥֱƵģͣʹ۹Ƕб̤ѵơҫûչƣֻ̤ųֱֱʣת˲ѵʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ȡƽУ
̧ͷеİҫȻ֮ɫ˫ϥޣҪؿڣ漴˳Ƶ˺ڵһֱϵĳ
Ӵע֮£һȷ·һƥƸǰԵף֮ͱ֮ǰǿʮ࣬ƺ˵󣬵ϵĳоԼ޷ܣֻĿ⾪춯صһţԼ
ȡʯ쾪
ۼҫҫ׺ƥһкҵ𶥷幦סааĿֲһγһɿһɶһ߶а㣬ҫӲӲˡ
аf껤壡
䣡
һ죬ҫһŽʵʵĺ˳չ㣬˫һ̱һɼ产˵ˣ쫷һϯķýһЩȺ׷ױѹʮ֮ԶΪģǱѪ˲ˣɼ˫Ժµ侪ˡ
ٿҫһߣоҫһСûпȥôأĻֽ֮󣬾ͰѰҫˣóж԰ҫƵһΪм
ҫпȥôôǵģȵľǳɾһ̣ڱ㵯֮һշǳɵأżոմ̺֮һ㣬ųֱȥ
ҫٶȺ֮죬һ˲⣬е㷴ӦĿŰҫԼûӦ֮١
ҫڵľԪȫ汬ƾ˵̵ĺιע֮ϣ漴˳һƺ˵Ļ۳һĳ׾գۼ˺˳㣬ʵʵĺڳ֮ϣǰӳıű
۷幦һԪ
ơɽ
ˣ˵ĺأҫȫһʹأӻط֮£ɽˣ߹Ƕ˺üֻѪ˺һڵһ˲ֹ
ҫû׷кʹԪҲеһ鸡У߳࣬ǲòͣ»ھԪڹȷŵƣֻҪʮϢĹָܽ˳ϡ
ҫҪ
ϵİʤ𽫰ҫ֮ս˸˲ʶһ㣬Ǿðҫȥò˶ãԼɱѣҫ鱨𲻹꣬ȴаٺ£츳֮ߣ֮죬ϵƷˣȻΪаһĸ󻼡
ԱҪڰҫûɳԼûӦ֮ǰɱպİҫǿֵزûף˵ʱԼǵɱԼԱϡ
ʱǺѪڵأһ˫ԹŰҫţڵƱеĻҪأ߹ǶѪҲܵһˣƵȷأȴʤһӣռһ֮󣬸ȫˣҫֱü
ʤƮƮڳǰͷҲص˵үҫϷԽүԸ˾Ϳˡ
һ㶣üвʵ˵֮ǰһʱ⣬ûʸԶֵģ
ϷȣԳְʮ㣬ϣүܹ⣡ʤ𵭵˵ݾܾ
˼һҲһдֹ۵ˣûк˵ͷ֮󣬿ڵǾˣ
һ䣬Ҳ࿴ҫһۣתкҪ뿪˵أҪ뿪ȴô׵ߣڳʮסȥ·Ҫ¡
ҲǰԼʮ񾳣һƲЦôţǵ˼ƺҵģҵʰ
ͺãȰ־ܣҪŷ翹ҪԿͷġ
˵ҺɽʱҺɽ֮ɫյһоԼаݺݵϷˣһдвãͲû˸йòÿͷһеԹ
Ǻǣƾҵģ𣬻ҪͷһˣɭһЦڵ
򵥣ʤһӣڵĿռ䣬ʱŤͻȻһ䣬յۣâɢ֮󣬳ͬʧӰ١
˴Ƭ̣漴ݺݵصʤ𣬶ʼһֱŰҫţǺЦڵСУֻ֮Ҫ½ǣձ㣬͸ȥɣ


ʮһ ɱŷһ˫
аĴԳռǾ֮ڰҫĺ֮£˴ǰеĳȫпĹ㳡ƴء
аĸֲ٣ħȫˣаеϴ϶ߣԼõ񾳵Ĵ죬ǳ񾳵ͲȰҫ٣ÿ˵Ϊ֮䣬ʵ»Ҫʤһ
ҫ°١ָǰȥս֣˶óȺȻûе񾳣ǶԸЩµĸֻǴ´ģ뱣ѡ
ҫҲڲƴɱеõ񾳵ϾǶѾԶˣ˵һֱͨϳҲǲܵġ
Ǳٳ£ƮƮͲ֪٣ӵûӰˣж֮Աǣǽʮ˴ȫʺ˸顣
ҪңҲڷչز˲ڰҫȻΪʩǸˣǳʱڸŸҲͬ飬ĸԸӰҫ˵ĵǲ
ҫҲֶںָֻŵˣֻ߲˶ѣĻͳڵһˣҫ߲ˣǱʤˣҲ֣վԭزҫڷһʱҲɰҫ¡
׼׵֮󣬰ҫֱʤʱҪ˵в£Ǹܣʤ뻯ĴߣһӹɣԼͻƳ񾳲ãǸ޷ƥеģһҫҲĺܡ
ǣ¹£ҫһҪڿ־֮ϣǾ˷ܣһĪؼĳкܶ࣬ǧ򶼲ֹ
ؼ뻯ȴֻй֮٣ⷽ˵ǰһëǰĴڣⷽڽ۷ĴڣҫҲйһθ뻯ֵ߽ľ顣
Ǿǵޱ֮УĹоȳĹݵĽ֣Ȼߵʵûóȴɴİҫм֮⻹ҫ˵ˣƷɼʱϵĻ»ᱻĹ赱ɱ
ȻһʱһʱʱԼʥΪһ񾳵ߣ뵱ȣǿ˰ٱֹ
԰ҫ԰ʤʱŻ˷֮⣬뿴ԼƴֵزսǰĸǣҰʤУôԼԲ˶ߡ
ʱҶġ˰ҫΪ󣬰ҫб⣬Ϊ뿴ԼܷʩչһУһеĳȣ֮ԼԲս֮ôʱֻܿΪԼˡ
ǰһ֮ɫʤĿ¶׹⣬˵ҫ磬һϣ뻯Ҳûʲô˲ģǵʵܽѹ¡
СѾͷСĵ˵߽֮ʣ趼δأ㻹мɫվͷΪ㲻ɱʤƳһЦ˵
һ䣬ҫ˶ס漴ЦһЦ࣬з˫ĿЦ϶⻰ҪǱҵѰ
ĵ˭ʵ֪˲࣬аʹ鱨ҲֻƬĻʤҲ˵ĻҫҲǳЦһ㣬֪ĵϸʹʴʣðҫ̿
˵ǰ㣬ⷬҪǱ令̵ĽݷǰʤѵģĽݷ򸾶˱Ȼá
ʤɫһķ·ҪγѪһȺСЦһСѾͷƬѵ⣬ĸ̧̣һӣһǿɨա
ҫһ˫Ŀ̧һƺ˵ľʤһɨ֮ײǿ˺ɨҫסΣʤһ֣˴뻯ʵȷС
ڰҫһɨ֮һԵҶĽŭݣոҪǰҫֿ죬ǵҪɨϣڰҫСŶУɲֹǰҫ飬Ҳǰб
Ȼ˶ҫ˵ΪǷУǴ˵˶飬Ȱҫ϶١
ʤִֶΣȻûгɹǽòУҪǰҫ̧˼䣬ҶѾȥ˰ʤϹͷˣɱڣ˫Ŀ׹ⱬ䡣
ҫ֮ɫʤ˫Ŀ͸һëȻɱ⣬ʤʶͷһҫеһϸ΢ļ¸Уֲĳ嶯
㲻ӦôˣôɱҲҰҫʤ֪ʲô硤
ҫһ˵Żһ˫ֲͣĶţҧһһٵ˵ĸֺһڳ˰ʤ𶼸еɱŷҫ˫֮ҲһƻСĳ
ųȥ֣ھĵ֮һ㵭Ļ֣һŲĸоȥС״Се·ߵĽϡ
ҫеĳƯɫ쳣䣬Զİʤ𵭵˵϶ҲУֻҪܽһо͹ˣһвֺҰҫԸ
С֪ĲжЦʤ˫ָ˫۱ľ⣬ֱֱĶŰҫţȵ
ҫһ˳˦һӣеĳΪһˮͰĻ𾢣·һ㱬ʤ𣬻ȥ̲ңȴһǿҵѹȸУһϮ֮ʱһʵԻ֮УʧȥҪԼĸо
䣡
ڰʤǰ֮⣬һǿĿռֵ֮һ̶ĺɾڴʱӿһɼֲ籩ʤ𳹵ɡ
籩תУγֱ֮ʣԲʮ׵ľ룬ʮˣеƤʹޱȣǰĻ籩Ǹ㵽һηУ·ԼУػҷ
ĵһʽֱǴСĵһʽϣ˫ƣǾĵһҫص濴ǰĻ籩ĵ
ڴһ֮󣬱ڵһգֻʣһɲԪԵήҲվŲǶɸ״̬͵ĲٵͣڿһƴնҪ
ǰҫסΪҫϢɾʱһװŭ˶Ĥʹһɺ˵ľ罫ͷĻ籩ƽϢеİʤǰδеǱ
֮ǰʤ˵ˣҫ֮½Ǿ͵ӮµĻ棬ҫһпɲֻ½ô򵥣²ûûˣƤǶһһĽ֮ɫͷݣ˿ȥȽͷǱԸӡ
˵һҫһаѶԷĿռˣֱ췽ҹ̷񾳴뻯Ļռ֮
ҫ˵ܣʷû飬Գ֮뻯֮ķһ㼴ʹƷɶû
ʱѾŭɶİʤҧгݵĿҫ֮ɫ·Ҫҫ̻ûôǱҫȻܰƵֵزûķը
СҪң֮أ
һŭȣʤŲǰһ̤һ˲ֵҫǰҶҪȥΧȴʤһָסΣнȴãֻĿŰʤ̧ƣҫȥ
ɾʱöĻʤһƴȥˡ
ʤҵıҪһͷҾеĹͷţԣ
ոҵıŮ˵ʴʣ˵ʱҶûԭ㰡ʤ
ҫһۣͬףôˣ


ʮ ֲǣ˫ͬ
ʱʤѵһĭҫĻûֻ֪ǿƥƣԼ׺ݱɱѽԼֻҪԼһȥԼԻٲ
ڰʤ󣬲֪ʱٻӰŮò֮ɫµҲһ˿覴ãƤʤѩƣòѷɫ٣ȻŮҲǽȻͬȫˡ
࣬СװһӢĸоʱ翸һ˫ͷ޴ϸĽԵе룬ǹɺ˵ɱ⣬쳣׺ݱ壬һֳױ֮У·ֻҪһӴκﶼᱻҳɷ顣
Ҳ࣬ĽȻ廪Ц绨ĿŰʤ˵ʵڵĽȻľĶǣһֳУɴʱĽȻ̬⣬䵽һֶĸоһҪɱ˵
ΣΣŮĽĽС㣬Ҳ֪ʤѵĻعͷŮòʱжʱһͫСʼ
Ļû˵꣬СѾֵǰɨһֻһ죬ʤһݺɨɳ⣬;֪ײ˶ٴ¥һӾûӰ
Сһɨɰʤ֮תͷĽȻ΢΢һЦ˵Ľӣ¶һˡ
ĽȻ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڻصþûжˣҲǸúúûˣҵģ
һ䣬ĽȻڵĿռ䣬ʼŤ漴ʧûãѪ۵İʤһСʱûٱĽȻĥŰ򣬶ĽȻҲѾصԭأ·û뿪Ƶġ
ڰʤ׹֮ʣС䡯ת˲ҳʮХƷ˷شӶʱܵĿռ䶼ʼͣ
С֮ɫ쳣׶Ҳÿһݺݵڰʤ֮ϣǽڱѵʤĲҺ쳣Ĵ̶ǰһ̻޵һİʤСУñС˵Ĳ࣬ûл֮
ʵСȥǺҹɰҫȴǿķСÿһɨ˼ռѹϣŷǳļӳá
ͨռĴݣÿһʵʹΧǼ֮Ҳ˵¡䡯ûк㣬ֻǴɨܽˡ
ؿǰСһʮʤ³沿⣬еĹˣ֮ǰһİʤ𣬴ʱһ̲Ƶģݺ׹أ˿ڵһ
С䵽ʤߣĿĿһۣڵʱ£ҵıȥȡҪסĲҪͻȻ˰
˵֮СĽȻһЦ漴תͷҫˣʱҫѾĿɿڴĿ࣬ǰҫһοС֣չֳƣֱ˻Ҫ׺ʵǿĿֲ
еĽȻĸоҲҫ࣬ȻϣĽȻûСôǿԿڿռ֮ϣҪСӵľ˵СôĽȻˡ
Űҫ֮ɫСȻһЦ۽ͻȻһỨɿ䡯֮һѽҫӵ뻳У޺ҵıӰǿˣ׺úÿ㣬ôŪˣҵıӳ˲ٿɣ㰡
ҫ˶ƤСǿŵеĿ޺֮ǰչֳĿֲɱ⣬ԼǿƥʵĲУʵһͷ󣬵ȫܹСԼǷŨŨİ⣬Ȼ޵ĴĴǰҫȴе쳣ů
ֻǣůůСôֿеܲˣƫƫѲҫҪԮʱҲĽȻţ˦˦ȥ߸Сһĺ˵ʲôñŮܿ˵Ļ
ҫֱۣҡͷЩ׻湻ģʵû˵ֲĺˣͬҲǴֵĺˣһ취ûС
ҫôԼĸףŪһʱ䣬סԼⷬεľٶҫһʵǱǶֵĲС
ףôˣУô֪﷢飡ҫѯʵ
׿ԸͨԣһҶָأСЦĻص
ҫ֮ͷۣĶͷҡͷ̾ϢԭСһμŰҫ֮ǰҲһΣû뵽ˣȻθϵüʱһɹ˰ҫֱ˼һһĸоеԽܡ
ʱһԵһڣС΢죬СǰĿڵĸã
Сһ㶣Цݸˣ˵ͷڵǵ飬Ҷ֪ˣҸҫĵû飬ֻҪͬʱԶ»ԼҵĹϵͲһȻٺò
ҫнһϲһĸͬôԼ˵Ĺϵ൱ھȶһ룬һĽݷߡ
ҫ˿Լڿ쵽Ҫ漴ǰһĽȻǰʩһ񣬿ڵĸమϣĸ벮ܹȫ
ĽȻеһأŰҫ΢΢һЦڵвĸøĿ˰ɣ
ҫһ㶣漴΢Цͷڵݼδĸˣ
ĽȻͷ΢Цڵӿɽ̣Ҹ๫һѩѱʱѾˣʱյʵҲ㹻ʸĽݼҵŮˣοұͽãʱǲս֮绨˵ǰ㣬һǵ⡣
ĽȻô˵ҫеĴʯˣǸ۵ɫҫʶ̧֣ԴЦ˵ǰľס֮ҾףȰѻڶ£Ѿͷûɣ
ŰҫǳԵɤһ˲ź쵽ӸԴ£ߵĵ˵ͷҫһЦޣҲһֿȫֵȥػˡ
ˣˣأôţӣľҪôӦԣȻǱûйֻбʵҪаĴ練ƵģҪǳôСһ˰ҫ֮Ϊʵ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣æ˻֣ڵл׵ĺ⣬С棬˵ȫСһͲδĸ˳ˣ㹻Ӧˡ
С΢Цͷг֮ɫԴӸҫ֮󣬰ҫõһУԼʵͷԵģһ൱οһ˼ĺöӣдο
ȻˣҲǿҪСģпվͻǶܹġСİҫļ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Цصţõ׵ˣˣҸͳջؼһˣúǣȻʱҪȥݼδĸˣ˳أ
ľͺǹδŮݹˣȻûˣҾȻȥˣҫҾôһŮ׼۸׼ܵ˺ҿɲ㣡
һ䣬ĽȻ˰֣ʼɢҫҲʩһ쳣˵İɣֻҪһһڣûܶ
ҫĻ֮ĽȻһЦɢΣֻһѣȫܵңء
ôҲûʲôҪ˵ˣ⣬Сģˣߣʦж㣡
Сһ䣬Ҳ˷Ӧʱ̧һץס漴һͬʧİҫģӦҲʲô£ƷĶܻһλԵأҫҲû̫ġ
ҫ˿Ҷģ漴ЦôȥȺӬ˰ɣ


ʮ սϵãаӡģ
Уزסˣ˳㳡ڲɽӽжϺ硢˵ҲͬһϺϴס󷨣£
һȣ˵ĶУԸæ󳷣񾳴֣һſ·һ㽫аĴ뼺Աֿߡ
Ļֱʥּһ㣬ڣ˲ӣĵǲǾԵŷģΪĵǲȷŹ֮ȻǴ˰ʱ࣬аԽ׳ذ벽
аߵԽԽֲ࣬йˣȴûйµķ߽ͣŲǧ˶ѣȥģҲǧҵ
ƫƫǧˣֵĵµĵǲֻ似ݣǧ˷ΪĸŶӣһǳ֣ɽ֡
ΪңŶнṦ֣ȥ磬Ѹ磬ÿֻһУ̾ˣҪþΪ˴ҶԷͣɧҡ
ΪŶ֮нǾǿʽߣһ಻ϣ쫷һ㣬ɨǰеĵˣԵз̶ȵɱˡ
ɽΪأŶ֮нڹ֮ˣڵ˹ʱȫſ㣬Ϊȡʱ֮࣬ݻзĹƣ˵Ķѡ
ΪָŶ֮е˶ǰֱˣҪľΪǰֻиϢָĵĹ˵ԱҽƸŶӡ
ĸŶӱ˴ңӦβ˴֮޼䣬ķ£ÿ˶ӳãϸãǰδе˳˳ģսǿҲˣƾǧˣֵסа˴ĽһĪչ
սʽǵĿԣǿǿأȫûжսϵİѿأľӣٸһǧˣа׻£ֻϧаĵʵ̫ǿĻҲзΪʤϣа룬аǵǲȫ֮Աǡ
ǹˣﳤ󣬶һǿսӡġܶӳĲᣬо̿ǿսսսֵİѿظϸ΢
аǿǿ򣬺սԵĳ˵ֱСӹҼǰϷҪԼߣʵϲ󣬸ò˰ʱ䣬ܽ
ɼʹˣڼ涼ռŵ£ͬҲصùаƣڱǷţľƣԼһһҹʲô£аҪȫ£ҲҪ˽ǵ׼
սϵˣ䣬ɽĴŶӸ˾ְγһѭ֮ƣһ壬ⰲͬʱУԲγ֣аù£ս쳣ŵľ档
Ȼòϣڹ磬б񶼣˵ʵս˵ȫ΢
ǣڹ磬ʵǿӰսֵģֻսúݴ֮аͥ񣬵Ҳ·磬ֻһս֮УҲѧ˲ٶ˵սϵڵ䣬Ҳó°ǰߵԭ
°ܹͣLһĹ֮ĹʵǺ˵ĽǱˣ޲ǶϽۣƲУܹЧʵļٶԷ
أĹʽʺȺսģԽԽзӿռ䣬򶾶伫㣬ʮףϰ׷Χȫǿֲޱȣж֮˳Խⶾʱڽʧȥս
˵ݵķʽԼ֮õ̶ȵķӣˣڴսУ°˵Ǵʣη֮⡣
ڱŵ󷽹ָУҲѰŵģǰߵğo񹦿ģеѧʽԼڹķó°˵һƶ⣬øָһԡ
ָòڹϣҲǹʽϣ似󷨲ãʱ˿µСԪ󷨡ˡ顯롮Ԫ󷨵ԣ
ʵҲָеֺϷϲµ󷨣Ƴ³¶һʱ޿̵սīسɹһһ۵ȥķ
ҲԸһЩȥ󷨣ȫڴȻͬЧҲǷɷбףͬ󷨵ĽϣҲᵼӣҲùٸϵԭ
⡮Ԫ󷨡˵󷨵Ľ£Աָӱͬʱȹ̣ʯᱻԷŵսʱ֪ƣ룬˶ٷ֮ٵķӳԼĲܣ˵һǿ󷨡
Чüǿ󷨣ҲǼģָһ˵ĻȫûɣʱٵҲֳˡ
ğoģָе֮󣬶ԴԴ䣬ָе󷨿Գʱάȥսʱ䱣ѵ״̬ϸѹԷһͷĸоܽгʱսսϵİѿزνܵ
аߣ쵼ȫָӵаеϴ󣬡а񡯳޼֮һġ
֮ǰᵽνаӲȫǡа񡯳޼ӣгãκӵͶӣֻҵӶѡ
аӵĹܣҲˣаеλߣڲǵȼֲ㼫Ϊԣһ˵Ǿ֮еλΪԺյˣҲ˶˲˵ִ
ڳ޼ĳӳģɲǿȹϵλģʵҲ൱ǿΪھ֮壬ﵽ۷壬Ѿǰֻſ۷֮Уڹķ׽ѾսƵĳ̶ȣս˵Ǽɹۡ
ҳĵͷҲŹ֮Ϊ˳侲䲻óľоսǲаս۶ָӵأȻսսϿܱȲξⷽҲй֮޲
Ҳаù£ȴɱսҪԭϸǲ·磬ɼսȷŹ˵Ĳܡ
磬ȥǰ취̫ˣȥ֮󣬵ǵģķߵĵߣš
һ˫ĿĿǰս֣漴գҲĸȥҪʲôӦ֮
ʵҪӮܼ򵥣ֻҪɱ˾Ϳˡ˫ָ˵
ɱ˭һ仰̴˳һƲ˫Ŀһɣоⱬ䣬˵ͷڻص
ľˣֳ̧һӪָ㣬ֱй١ָС°ָʱ쳣ĳأһεɱǱŷ
ģҰɣڣһ˵ͷ漴кһӰĵϥ¹˵ڣ
һͬɱУ
ǣ
֮ͬɱս֮ڣǰĻһóɱָжˣһָӵȣһ󷨸һսֽаߡ
ʱһȳڼӪǰ棬ֻȻĵأɫĶƺһͳаӿȥ־Ŀضַȷ̾Ϊֹ
ˣȷ棬ȥƸֿͣа˷ǱմȾģֻһ˿ڵؿ°ĭ鴤ͣ˹ɼĶˡ
а˵˿ǰа˴ƬƬĵ£нһϲĶǾ岻ѣͬʱҲڰǼˣǵз˵Ļô߿ҪԲ˶ˡ
ɾԼĶչޣջصʱǰһӰ۶Ӱȫڿĺɫ֮УԱ𣬶Է磬գۼѵǰ


ʮ Զ𶾣˲ͬͬ
Сӣ㶾Ĳү֣˲һЦһ˫ī˳ƺ
һü⣬˫ͬʱ˽ʵʵĶԺһ𣬾˭û˭ôԣʼ
Ǻˣʵ
аص˫ĿѪľ⡣
ٺ٣ԭ㱻ĸеаôˣٱһǰɣҺæģаЦ
ͷŭҲ˵ʲô˫ץסȫͷԼĶҲЦͣץסԷƣͷ֮˿ʼ˵Ķˡ
˵öĻĶȫԳƵǽһĵһˣ֮ʣ鶾壬˵Ϊģοľⲿ𹦷ӣֱ绢
ľΪʲôᱻΪ֮һ𹦷Ϊⲿг֮ɽչĶؽڣγһµ򶾶أҸָĶҲˣÿһֶأͻϼ֣ɵĶԽ࣬Խǿ
֮ʱһżԴﵽת˲壬̼ܻʬĳ̶ȣҷųĶջڣ˷һ˿ľ֮٣ֻ֮÷˼ݡ
ԣ֮һĶҲ͸ʮҵʱ䣬ֲ֧סˣֻغ䤱֮ɫȻ򶾶ˡ
Ȼĺɷ涾Ҳ൱ģҪ򶾱໹治һǰ㣬ûжκӰ죬˲١ɷ涾ıԴء
ľԶк֮£ɷ涾ıԴؼĲƷ͵ʴףʯͷԼĽţɱɱ磬ԼĶⳡ˵һͿء
ĶôȥɣЦһ˫͵ǰһѹ򶾶˲ǿһ࣬ǰĶ˳ȥݺݵײһǽ֮ϣ·һ̲ƵĻ䵽档
ʱĶޱȣϲ˶ӷһ࣬¶ɸȻȻɢűɫĶ̣Ȼ֮ĲΣΪһ󱲶Ǻ̡
˿һĻ֮󣬽ǴʧɫҪǰ鿴ƣȴֱѵֹ̧סˡ
𣬱ңжˣ֮˷Ŷı֮ܽ⣬ҩɽ⣬ǣҲᣬжġڳݲ˵Ļ
궾Ļ֮жʱ󺧣תͷˢˢĿһ֮ɫ˹˹ָһʽĿ⿴ˡ
ץⶾеϴȵӦĴҪ׽á
ɾ˶֮ʣһӰǸĴȺг˳ֻ߰˳߿⣬¶ݸˣŭǳ°
°ѸֱͣײֱһͷŭϬţǰصаʿȫײɣֱ֮ʱһȱһŭȣը˵ĶĤ
°ܽǰɣ
°ȣݺݵһı쳣üͷһţڵȥץˣ
Ե˵ͷ˫һӴȻӿ죬°أǰͻȻĹɽȻͬǿƥĿ°üֻһֵֵлɳˣ
˵ʱʱ죬ĹļѸͣȭ硢âצ硢Ʒ粻ȺĿ°߲Ųæ˫ȭתɣȭͣдһǿҷ֮ǰĹɹƾ⡣
L񹦡
ذȭʮʽԣ
°һõǡôǿһ־ᾢǰĹƣ˺ݺƷա
û̫صˣÿ˵ı鶼ԵüΪ㵣ŷֿ¶ѣ°ʵȻѾͻͽ̶ֳȡ
Ҫ߾ȫҫ֮£ܻԼ˺Ȼ赭дֻһоͱƵԼǱ½ʱյһӲȫ壬ƶʲô¡
һʱ˼׷֮ʱܵ¶ͻȻʼ½ת˲͵˱£һɺ˵ĺ˰˲ѣѪǶľٻ
һӣǰֻеһӰܹ漴ǰԴһ˺ѷεʹ°ǰֻգ֮ȭȭһɺ˵ĺֱ˵ؿڣһȭɡ
L񹦡ˮ
ذȭʮʽã䣡
°һе֣ͬʱʤĸɴ䣬֮󣬻ͷǱߣʱһ
ʱչս˫ݱѽѷ֣ʱûʤˣ͵͵Լʱ쳣ŵ񣬳°֪Լ۵ȫܹӦ
ɵ°ָеķʱʱʧɫѾɱָǰҪά󷨣ûжֻɹٶ֡
ǣȻͬ٣ѾﵽԲĳ̶ȣҪĳȣʵ֮𣬱ϾΪϵĲ࣬ʵڹھ޴󣬲ƽġ
ڹٵһ¶ڷϣٸһǿo񹦵ģܹ׵ĲѧʽϵȻ·磬ȴɳɹס˳ĽŲ
ҲαԳǿҪܹ٣Ҳֻʱϵѣֱ°Ҳս֮󣬾ֹһЩ
ǣֵܵ˵ôܣֻʱѣҪӵҫΪֵֹǣǴʱΨһְ
䣡
һ죬񱩵˺쫷һɨķа뷴аеĲ˸ݺݵɨ˳ȥ°й٣Ա˴˵°ȴʮ֮Զ˫ʵ˭˭ͣһĿȻ
еʵһһأϵǡôΪ빦Ҳ൱Ĳף˲ţھ͸һᣬֻҪԸаүŵǣ֮ǰµĴ¼̣ӸλõаԴ࣬ɻڴָտɴǰ;ų°΢΢һЦڵǷǳֱӵ֮⡣
ʱа˵˶°ٶˣԾļӿ°ٱȰаһôԱ󽫣ϣս϶ۿۣսǱذɡ
ʵĵĻǣָСˣԷģͬͬͬͬͬͬ°ٱɹô˽Ҫ£ɱǶˡ
ĵǱҪ֣ΪŹͬ뷨ǾǣֵܷĿҲҪԼУԼ˽⣬Ϊֵܡ
°ٱ˴˶һۣ漴ֿһָСٴζһ֮תͷֿͬ˵ǰ˲˲һ壬ͬͬ
һɫһޱȣ˵Ǿȥˣʲôƨ˲һһһɱȾ
ˣֱӳ°ߣݺݵضųڵ붯ҸǣҪȹأ
ңߣһ˫˫ۣɢ˵ĺ⣬ų˵
ֵǣҸ㲻ݣָжݺݵ˵ΪҪάûǰɻɢɱ⣬ȴκѷɫ١
Ŷ
ͻȻһ٬ĻǸ߸߹𣬲ÿ֪˭ˣһХҶһֻӥ裬һĲӰת˲ߣ䲢
˲ͬͬκһֵҪһͷҰҫʹаĶүţԣ


ʮ 齵ҵĵˣ
ҫǣֽ̤ջλʣ޿ޣֱһԣˣǰһĻʵʤա
˷·ɾһ㻺׹أɾڴʱ˽ǰһҫļϳһֻֻȸСĽɫСֻɫСվڰҫļϣ˫ƺڱĿ񣬿ȥǳĿɰ˶࿴ۣҲûٹעˡ
ѾͷȥǱߣ취ס󷨣Ҿˣҫ
ɵĵ˵ͷ˵һСģָеߣЦеʵ磬ʲôطҪҰæô
ָдʱϥϳһ׶ͼԼǰ֮΢΢һЦڵҪӴס󷨣һγԽ󷨺ϲʹãҲĺܣҴʱľΪ빦ѸɣңҺý󷨳׶λҲܳսˡ
΢Цͷִָеļϣָжʱһо͸ޱȣһϢ೤
ŲĹ򣬲ȹ󷨣ڼһյٻָָ겻ѣ񾳵ĹȻȡ
ؿҫߣԴ֮󣬷а˵˽ǸеһǰδеİȫУ·ֻҪҫڳǱηһ㣬һȥǾڣڣеĸȫһɨգеֻޱȵġ
ҫվ֮߳Լֵ⣬ǰ˴񾳣Լ񾳣Ϸǿ֮һľãκơ
԰ҫհ׷ͶŷĿ⣬õģʮһҫֵܣЩţվڰҫû䲢ƺҪгҫʣΪ֮
ҫҲû̫࣬ʱ˫һգգעųҲ֮ɫעŰ£ֱ֮󣬰ҫųһ˿仯Ŀ˳һۡ
ĴУԼаʮ񾳵ĳϹߣ֮еаһƣҫаһһûѹˣǸӺĿġ
ҫųĵͬʱҲڴŰҫҫʳڣ࿡ʲ˫ͫƵ֣аҫǷˣʢҫΪаδİʯҲǿʣڼҫ֮ǷǳͬĴŵġ
ǡ졯ҫ氡ҶܶϣʵҲףֵñа˹ע
ĿŰҫ˵ͷ֮о֮⣬ƺܿðҫֻǷ·𳤱Դ̬ʱҫû̫ĺøС
Ļһ䣬Եĳһ죬ţֻһʱѣġ
ûĿ˳һۣѵ˵ٴˣܾǰܣûɣûнڣڳԼʧܣ֪ԼʧڽȡøʤĻֻܸү˵ɣ˵ˣô
ӣصѵǣˡԿĵĹϵܺãҲԼ磬Ҫǻ˵ĻԳĸԸ񣬿ͷ쭶ˡ
Ŷ˼ҫֱĿųģаһ漴ѯʵаеĴү˰ɣ
΢΢һ㶣ķʵʶңӦǵһμɣ
ȷǵһΣ̬ϲѿһģӦûв´ɣүҫָָ漴ЦеĻص
ȻǴˣµûҽгģλǡа񡯳ӣμ棬ӦûʧɣҫǸ߸߹¶һֲЦݡ
ţͷôаĴүھһ⣬Ǵɢҫֱ룬˵
ĻûڣѾһڵ⻹˵ôȫռƣǻзΪʤϣô
ҫЦһҡҡͷЦҪǰɣðǾʹ򰡣Ұҫ͸Ǵ򵽵ףǾȫˣҵ뿴жܻŻȥ
ǺǣôҰһ׵ĸ㣬һӣ͵һЦͶѪľ⡣
ҫɫһĻصǾɣ
˫Ҫֵʱ򣬳ȴǰһЦһ£ҫһ⣬Ǵǰ˲ǴЩţƴһվɲ˶ôġ
Գĵ䣬ҫһ㶣û˵ҺɽȴһڵҲ䣬ҵԸҫˣ빲
岻սӣа߾԰˴񾳵λߣ˴УҺɽǿĻȻܴˡ
Һɽڰҫߣ˶ҫҺɽ֮ûã˴еĺӥ̾һҡԴ˳ⲽĵߡ
ܺãʶʱΪܣǵľǳȷ΢Цĵ˵ͷ
˵ľٶҺɽ޵ֱҧ뿪ںǳ⣬ҫȴֽ̧漴зۣ΢Ц˵˸־ԸΪģҫǿ˭Ͷаģܹȥǣҫ֡
һаߵʮɣͷһһ㿴ңҿ㣬жʼ岻ûãʮ߳ĵߣҫʼնվԭûҲûпڣôǹа
а˲֮߳ԭʮ֮ǰǳսʱ˰˼ңʮнھֻʣʮš
ʮ˸ӲͷҲԸͶаȫĸԸҫ˹ˡʱа˵ֻʣʮԲ۷ʱڵ֮ǰδеĵӡ
ҫ΢ЦĿˣ漴΢΢ͷܴпһǿţ⵹˸еɻľѾĲڼǰҫǴӺζ
ҫתͷ΢Ц˵ׯأ
԰˰֣Ȼ֮ɫصҫԣɽׯԸҫͬսֻʣһһ䣬ҲԹ޻ڡ
ҫ΢Цͷ漴ֿľκƣǰ̾Ϣһ΢΢ҡͷµӻߣĿһۣص󣬲
˵ܼ࣬ȴֱӣҲͶа֮ЩϷɢ߳˰˹齵аҫһʵˮ˵ʮһֻʣˣӲ֮
аߣ˳֮£ʵǿҫһ࣬ҪǴҫǱذɵġ
ȻѾ齵аôӽҰҫĵˣԵˣҴûԣǾรɣ
ҫĻ˽üͷһ壬ŵ΢Цкɰҫڸʲô뿪ڳʱҫȴʼϵĽɫС˵
ˣ˯ˣ㷢ˣҫ̧ɫСԴЦе˵
ɫСƤƺܲҫĴţŰҫֱУҫҲ֮ɫڻصû취ƻϲϱ仯ͬҲǱְ֮
ϣ
ۣ
~~~~~
ðɣӮˣ߳ɾ߳ɣʼɣ
ϣ
˿ǰһһĶԻʵǺޱȣ֪ҫɫСڽ̸ʲôͻȻĵһַǳõĸо
˫ٽ̸֮󣬽ɫСĴųϣҫͷ漴һ˫С۾͵ıɫľ⣬Сһţɽһӿѹаˡ
˫ͫС㣬ˣˣǳ׽񣡡


ʮ Смˣ
𣬴֮ӽɫСбӿŭһɨаˣķӦ죬ץסԳļþ̵ˣ漸׷Ľźʮ֮Զ
һˣоյĶǰ֮ףֻǶ˶ļʱ˾ûôˣûӦԱ泹ɡ
ǹ齵аЩţȻаУʮ񾳳ϵУ˼ʱܹаĴаϵˣͬɡ
ûмУûеֿûзңͣʧͬ죬ͬЩɵҲͬʧˣɫСһѴ𣬰ǰЩյİ㲻棬û£·ǴûϳֹƵģһӱü졣
ʱҫһ˽ǵһ˵ĿˢˢĿеС۾ɵòûɳ⡣
⿴ȥͨͨĻ棬Ȼֲ˹ֱӰ˸յˣյĻҷҪ֪֮ǰûЩˣɲʲôƽϰգһǸеĸ֣񾳾ʮλ֮֮࣬٣ʥǲ
ЩӦʱ䶼ûУ㱻յøɸɾֲֿҫϼ֮һҡͷ̾Լľ𾢣ʲôʱܴﵽĵز
˿̣˶žֵĿ⿴ֻɫС񣬾µĲ亹ոĿֲ𾢣Ǿһ亹
ôһ˲䣬Ƕ˸оԼվıԵĵķӦϰģԼҲӻҷ³
࣬׽Ϲʮ֮һĳ׽찡ԭ˵ģİɽׯֻͷЦһּ侴ηĿ⿴еС
ֻɽׯׯɽׯóѱޣоΪ㷺޷о֤ʵ൱͸ֻ־ԸǼϹʮޣֻǼһֻҲãҲûźˡ
񣬳׽ֻǰֻе޴룬ԭڿʼСƵģĿƵĿų׽ɷǳֵ׽֮ǰҫ̸һУûжһʱ䶼֪˵Щʲô
һԵİҫһֻ֮ôܿߵ룬΢΢һЦǰֻļ򿪿ڵׯСԸ񣬳ܱϿɣĻһǲԹֽӽģ㲻ˣҪСһЩŶ
ҫС𣬰ҫѵѾշˣֻŵĿҫʵ
ҫһЦڵׯҲ̫ˣϹʮÿһֻ֮ͨʵΪһССĳ񾳣Ǹʵշô
ôദģֻʵ
Ǹȡ裬ҲҰɣҫ΢΢һЦҲеС
СǺʱֵģڰҫߺ󲻾ãֱӽ䵽ҫļϣǰҫʼδģҫ˶һ
İҫԷİҫʵͻͽ˵Ǿ٣Ѿȫܹöˡ
֪ǣСͬ˭˭ܶԵҫСʱ˫˴˽̸֮ʱҶĿǰ䶼û
ѯʵ֪С˵ԼΪĳķǳĴʵֻ۷ʱڵңʮһҪҫľ񹦴𾢣ָܣǣڰҫΣʱ򣬾Σ֮С
ҫҲûж룬ֱӴӦֻСּۻϣСֹһˣҪԼֵܣСˣҲΣֻܴӦ
ʵСұˣԹҲв٣˵аߵ˾սľǼԵġ澭
СǷɿհͬҲܸоԹˣһЩʵǿĴڣҲܸоõλ˭ûңֻϰҫ
Ϊҫ֮ǰͦͰҫΪˣ츳ԸǳͣڰҫϿƷɵӰӣҲϰҫæԭ
ҫҲȻܣνҲֻǰҫһЦѣǿп޵Ĵڣ԰ҫ˵ԵĻС̫ԼȫĸΪѾС𵱳ɻ飬ѰĿ
ֻЩʲôע˵ģССȴΪ伸Ȼ˺Ҳ
ؿǰСаһƬײʵ۷ʱڵɣɾʵҲԸ뻯ڵˮ׼
ټܵĿɱǿ࣬ɱ񾳶˵ֱСһСûء
аĸ֣񾳵ֻгԼһٵĳ񾳳ϣ񾳲٣ʥҲͽӽ֮ôܵסСһֹ
ƿ˵ȫת˹ʤѾڰҫߣΧаˣ˵ˮһգ۽ɥ
аλүǻҪٴȥôҫǰһǱĳЦ
ĵɫĲٳҧأͲûҧˣһƬã˭֪ɱһֻ׽񣬽Ƹת˹Ʊǿʱĳļʱ뷴ҲûǸ
ͻȻ΢΢ü漴鲻ô࣬еľϲ֮ɫһҫʱǴĳֻζЦãˣշưɣ
˵ҲȰҫӦߵĳٶֳаǣҲͬ±ӣٳ롣
ҫǲ׷ôһԵҺɽŰҫа˳룬е㲻̫ˣѯʵ
Сĵãոտĵɫ죬ǰл͵׷ȥͶأ
ҫ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ֮ǰǸʢ˵ӣʵҲװŻ˵ģаʵĽӴҲ
ڸƣ뻯ǿҫ˵аڻ֮ͨǿߴڣһֹһϹʮ޶ֻĴڣʵҫʹҸаа壬ҲòСľ
Ҳһ΢΢ͷԴаСĶΪⳡҲĻԭǰμӷаǧ֮࣬ȴֻʣ²ټңԭ֮һʵйҵġ
⵱֮һ֮ǰĴսУ֮ڳ׽Ļ֮£ҲʲôϧΪڽҪͷ齵аͽ๼ȻΪ˸С
ΰҫеĵλһĸ߶ȣ˵Ҫûаҫûǰ˲˹ƶҪа׽
εĴҪ˵˺޵Ĳа壬ȫңãˮ֮УԵ˵ʱսӣֱܵΪз߿ѣò˶ãĳͽˡ
ʱҫһֱĬͷ˼ţ֮ǰչֳֻ񣬸еǲ⣬·֮ʲôڷаصаƻֵóˡ
ҫΧʱ͵һͻȻʲôƵģǰμӷаɣĶųϣԼӢӣҲ˵ˣЩɵʵȻۿۣаʱŸɵɽء
мˣһɽǺưҫҧгݵ
Ļ˶˵ˣǰѯֻǣֱϣһöɢһ㵭ӫ⣬ɫ䣬ʱ亹ֱ
һöѶģɽׯһѶϢаԳ׹ռɽׯ˳ȡ
ʱҺɽ񡢽áֻϹࡢκƣҲյĴѶ˵˵ɽŶаˡ


ʮ аӵıȻһ£
磬ô˹Ǳǳʦأκӵһʯ֮ǰе裬ֻ˵֮ɫĳ
³ǵһۡ³λڴԵһһСǣаϵһݵ㣬ƿ³ǵİҲаĸ
ߣܣҲ̫⣬ҪҸס˰ҫߣҲô˳͵Ϯɡ
һ˵ڰҫϴܿѾǳĲʹˣټκӵֻı飬һ൱ջ
ôô˵أɵȫʮ񾳳ϣֻʣʤˣûһظʧ֮ҿô״˽κӵһЦ
˲񷸮˷аˣҪ۹ԵҵĹˣһͲܷˡһĻصȻû̫Եı֣޲˺κӵų졣
κӵԷЦЦдһֳζͷըѵƣޱȵĿκӵҧгݵܺЦô
κӵֹסЦҡͷԵĻص簡磬Ҳ̫ˣ״ʲôԸ㻹֪ôȷ۹Ȱ㻹ǲҪȥĺãԲ˶ߡ
ôҵ뿴˭ȳԲ˶ߣ
ʵ޿ֻ̣з˫Ŀб˵ĺ⣬ͻȻһǿޱȵаֱκӵȥ
ۼκӵңһͬһɼɭĺаͥ񣬲·硣
ǰְܸ˰ҫصҹҹ̿ͻƵԲĳ̶ȡ
ɾ緢֮ʣ˵ҫͻƵ񾳣ŭޱȣǿʤ֮ģٴαչͻƣǻ첻ˣǰøպͻƵ񾳡
ʱԳѹҲȥǰ޻֮ޱȣȻڶʱ˸൱һԵĳĶü⣬˫¶һ֮ɫ
ˣס֣
ĳһȣһǰĴʯ棬ԭʵʯܲסĻƫƫһ֮ʯǵ𣬸ĵƾȵķɢ˳ȥκӵͬʱɢ
һõļ侫ɢ˶ǿԳ壬һû˵˷ֺκӵ̾ѡ
Լֵڶ㱾£б¾ȥҫĸ󻼣ҲϲɱôƳ˶һۣ쳣䣬˵
κӵûĺ˳һۣų΢΢ͷڻصĻܣǣʧʵ̫¸״Ǳߣôùġ
κӵĵǲװģҪ˵а˾ԼϵڵˣҪ˵𾴵ľĴˣһЩ£κӵݱ֣֮ǳգðȻأԳģΡ
İ˰֣Ȼ޷״ǱԻͣǣǵͷϣڸ״ڱչأڵ뻯Ҳ֣һж񵽽ˣôЩӵľһҪеãףΪ״˷ǲǣڧˡ
һ䣬κӵһۣ漴ֵͷǣλо֮ףĿɲֻʵѣ⻹Ҫ鹦Գе봦²Ըһ޲óϷ
Ҹ϶ȻصһˣúⶨһļƻҪδ׼ʮ󳬼һ˵
κӵϸֳЦݣڵʵѡĿˣٺ٣
ؿҫߣֳ񾳸֣Լ׷⵽а͵Ϯ֮һǴʧɫ漴ŭɶŭ֮£˶еʧ˷ִ硣
ģаɽţҸӸƴˣֻҧгݵ˵࣬ͷϵ߸͹𣬴һֱѵơ
ֻŭʧȥǣҪȥаʱ򣬰ҫȴǰסֻһͭСĿѪĹâݺݵصͺȵҫ·
ׯҾҪ侲һ£ҪаҲԣһ䣬֪аôаɽڶûŪô𣡡ҫ̾Ϣһ쳣ƽȫûжԷ׶񣬳˵
һֻ˲ƻˣ˸춼ҲȻҫ˵ûаؾұضҲɽأһʹаؾݵҲãȫ˲аĸҲͷʹ֮һ
ҫոһʱ嶯ˣѾңͷҫΪָԽ򡣡ֻһڣ侲ҡҡͷڵ
ҫ˵ͷͷ˼һûã̧ͷˣڵаǳ׹ϷˣλǰҲѾ͵Ϯ֣Ҹ˾ãȥͶƸһأȾȫסԼˣٻأȻǺϱһ̷аƣʧȥĶٶ
Խǵͷ˼һ֮κһͬҫǾðҫ˵ĺеڼʹԼصɽʲô
ԼɽżȻ٣ôڵԴȻǱϴһգ˶ӵӣȥ˾ʲôãҫĻȽٻ˺ϱһٴӳ顣
ڳЩҲɵӣһ֮󣬽ͬҫĿҺɽͷʵҫôǵŵ
ҫ˿Եֵ漴΢΢һЦڵŹɽ
ŹɽԭɽׯɽڣҲǰҫܲݵ㣬ı仯ȫݣһֱܰ˵ʵڵܼҵ츳⴦ҫܴӪŪǾϣտʼʱģһֹ
ҫҹ̸ϻ֮ǰĻ棬Ŀɿڴһԭأɵɵ˰βŻعΪǰһи뿪ʱȣֱǻȻһ¡
ȾŹɽܵɽ꼸ƣأ԰Բ֮ƽŹɽػǽŹɽԲǧڱһ
ΣܵɽɽƺǾģɽֻһ·ܶվһǣ˵һѹյأκһҪ湥ȻҪ˽ǵġ
󣬾ϵһнǰɽĺôһݹȫ֣ɽµһо۵ףɽĸۡ¥ֻ÷סһĵͻϮɣȫõĸܵеĽʽڷһ˵ŵϵƣ°빦
Źɽļ仯ˣҲѹ˻ɵۣǰһ̾ΪֹĸоϾ仯ʵ̫ˡ
ĵܣǲطˣ⻹ǵĲ֮ôҶ۾һĭʵ
һԵһۣ˵ǵϢһڵĸ磬㽫ｻܰö˰
ҫӺףɵǺǵĸЦţʵе⣬ԭԼСû⼼ܣ˿ҫɵЦʱҲ֪ҫʲôˡ
ʶͷۣ̾Ϣͣ°ҫԼҲûԤ뵽ܰĲܣԼԼĴӪı仯ɡ
ɶܰĲÿԳɾҽļƻҫһһԼΣ˵
Դʵҫ磬ʲô¼ƻ
ҫ΢΢һЦڻصЩ֮һůļңܹ֮Ϊã


ʮ ֮¼ƻ
ҫĻ֮һ㶣΢΢һЦʵҫϸ˵˵ļƻô
ҫ΢΢ͷЦֻǳļƻѣȻؼңϴһ£Ϣһٺúһ£˷УôаҲδزƣ
һǰ˶ȤҫΪֻҪ˵ڵĻܰ쵽ģ˵ܹаôȻг
Ҳٶൢ飬֮ȥɻû߳ܵб㴫һ춯ͻȻʮº۵꣬׷׼ܶס˰ҫ˵ȥ·
ʮȻòͨеȣϸһֺͨĸоӾÿ˶Ӧ൱׵Ϊ
ʲôˣɷݣ֮УΪһ˹ȭʵ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵҽаҫǻ˰ɣ
ǰҫ»СӶӳĪ棬μˡԴʧɫڼ֮ɫ漴ĵϥ¹򣬳˵
һΧ꼯嵥ϥ¹˵μˡ
˭ģҫͷƺͦʵģе˼תͷˣʵ
ģȻǻôҪи˵ĳƺ΢΢һЦе㲻˼˵
ҫŶһ˵ͷٴοǰǣ˰֣ڵˣɣ
ҫָָĪ棬΢ЦĪǰɣ
Īк棬ǰҫûܾߵҫǰ֮󣬰ҫ簴ס飬ҾƳˮӿ䳹ɣĪҺ˫ϥصĹڵء
һĻˣЩ¶֮ɫǿΪҫҪĪ棬Լ˲ûʲôҫʹɱ֣ȫûеһ㿴ҿ㣬ƶ֪ôˡ
ҲǸеĪҫǸбˣԵ޹ʵɱˣľٶʵ˴в⣬ҲûҫҲĵ
ڰҫĪҵʱ䣬ҫЦӯӯջ֣Ī漣ĳ𣬰еĪһµĻɢüЦϲı飬ƺҫǵûмӺһĺôƵġ
ʵҲȷˣҫǵû˺Ī棬˳׵׵ĸһ飬ǴͨڵļҪ书һ¥
漴ǿľ硢Ѩϡ⣬ڶ⳹׵ǿһ飬ĪʵǿֹĪøˡ
Ī֮԰ҫٴεϥأ£ҫ͸¶Ա𾴣˵лʹͣӽ㽻ϵɽ͹һɡ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ漴΢΢̧һᾢĪ漴Īļ򣬿ڵӦõģҲľΪҲֻڹϸһվȥˣӦûвСľԣҪúŬѽ
ǣ½֮Ī汧ȭʩһ񣬳ص
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦĺܺãҰҫͷĺñͣסʲôˣֻҪûģͱҪмأֻҪָͽ£ҸǶš
ǣȽ֮Īͬʮٴεϥأȡ
ţȥɣҫ˻֣ڵ
ԣٴʩ漴ûе취ɴ֮ܽУգۼʧ٣ṦҲס
ҫ磬û뵽㻹֮أٺ٣뿪֮һԵЦе˵
ҫһ΢ЦðɣʵĸĺôЧʿҲģҾÿ˶бҪרԼ˽
һ㶣гɻ벻ͨҫôʲôĿģܳѾˣΪʲôҪÿ˶һ֧˽أⲻǶһô
ʱͻȻ˫Ŀһ˰ҫôԭڣֺǺǵ˵ˣҫ˷ְλøõĿ֮Ϸɣô
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷһıӣ˵һ漴ֿ˼ֵܿڵˣȻؼңԱӣ㾫Ǻú£Σ
Է׷׵ͷʾͬ⣬漴ӿ˲֮ϣǰŸյܰӭܰеŰҫ½ǣ꺮ů˹֮ɫ
ааˣ¸סѾڽдˣҲܰǳİҫİΣǰȥԮҫʱյ˰ҫĴѶʾԼްѾڻ·ˣŷͷʯȴҫĻع顣
ɾܰǵŰҫʶʱһԵЦеסҫһߵֱۣ͵͵ڰҫϣ޼ɵĴݲš
ؿɿ˰ҫܰˮĹģұĴݲУһһǱĶԴŮͬǹɫ㣬ʫһһĴŮһͬʱʵҫձпԡ
ҫԼ޷ŮֵܴĿʱ˾ȻǳĬĽԴƲһװûҫаûԼˣϢ֮ϴҼµڣ֧ܰ
ܰƺҲʲô̾˿΢һȻ֮ɫɿ˰ҫ½ǣתȥʱҲеܰǰοһͬȥ
ҫŶŮıӰҡͷ̾ϢѾװ±ˣܰȴʼնԼ⵹鰮ֶǣҡ
ҫ˵ԽԽͷۣɴ಻ȥ룬һһˣǱԼֵǻȥϢˣһ·ϰҫҲûٱֵǿЦҶģָиĭɣҫû꣬ҫ֮ŭһ٣ͣ
˻ط֮Ҳûر鷢ϢϢͲ͵ľͲͣÿ˶ŸԵ飬ֱҹ֮󣬲һ˶鷿ڣʼ飬ҫ˵Ǹ¼ƻ
ҫҲû飬ֱ׵ĻｫԼĴ¼ƻ˵һ飬֮˼漴ʼͷӶ˰Σ׷ͬҫļƻߡ
ǾȫЩаĳһɣԷȻ𣬵ձܹȫܣԼҲаһġ
һԼ齨Ϣͻᱻ˲ôЩһȵĶɣѰӻ£ЩԼˡ
Ȼ󣬰ҫԼչ̫ϷʱȥΪȥͦ󣬿ɶϷ˵μ穵ģعϡβܼˣͼ֮غԼһĶֵء
ҫԺʡΪԼĴӪÿмؼؾݵ㣬ʡγһ飬ԼغһʡȫǴ´ܼ࣬Աڶ࣬аʹҲҪ൱Ĵۡ
󣬰ҫ㵱Լֵȫﵽ֮󣬿ʼԼһ£ɽɣˣͽ˲칬Լ˷ֱ԰˲Ϊš
ҫķŲԼڽϵţͽл졣Űޡ°ٷǬšָзĦȡ¥ޡŽޡҶķҹ
Ӧǰ˲ͷҫķ뷨ƿԣ׷ױʾ޳ɡȻһҪ˶ﵽ񾳲Żṫɻ˵ǺңԶô
ʵûжԶҫѾǳ⣬˻ٶԳ񾳶һ⻹Ҫ鹦֮ǰǳսéٿÿ˶ʮİȥˡ
޳ɰҫ¼ƻ֮˭û뵽ҫİ˲칬ڲ֮󣬳ΪⷽΪܹа࿹ӴΪ񻰰Ĵڡ


ʮ ŹɽĽΣ
ˣȻҵļƻõ˴ҵһͬôôˡаʵڹӴһ˵ҲޣҪǣҪǵҪǵ֧֣ҫ̾һƵ˵
ԽǻһЦҶĴͷеһأҫ΢ЦĵܣֵֵܰܵľӦͬʹ࣬빲иͬͬŶԣ˵ô
ҶĵĻ˵ͷֹҫǸ߸߹΢ЦͷһоڲУ˱˴֮꣬Ѿ൱ˣʱʤ
ţôܰ˵˵ľΪֹѾչʲô̶ˡҫתͷһԵܰЦеʵ
ܰ˵ͷɫԴ棬Ҷ֮ǰԴ൱ĿɹۣΪֹʮ֮һĳ̶ȣ⻹ûԼõЩڵķչٶδʮǲҪΪʵˡ
һҫ˽ǴʧɫҶʱǶˣǵصӥͷɿջڱǰеգϰپ߷ɿԴһ𼸺Ǹ֡
ɴʱ˿̾Źɽ״Ҳǿģģ֮ƴѾԽ˶ֱ֮Ƴһĵز⵱ҪĵԴͬҲǸ֡
ܰ˵ôʣ࣬ʵжӴ󰡡
ôԴôʺûôɣʵ
ܰ΢΢һЦڵİɣжٶʮ껹Ǳعƣ֮ǰҲǳ˹Ӧ΢ʡһ㣬϶ʮ궼⡣
ҫ˵ͷ漴˵Сãʷ㲻ýʡŹɽķʩҪ㾡ȫȥ죬ǵļ԰ȻǼ԰ͱҪװĹ޼ѰС
ȻõãһЩûҪĳװΣǿĺãһǱȽؽδˣǰҲ
ܰȻǣɫֻѷֶѣⲢǸƿҫǻлôҫʵڰָЩɽĽȺЩȷǷǳʵãЩȴе㻪ʵˡ
ܰ΢΢һЦתתڵ׶翴ˣʵʱĵԴ߳ڵϵģЩֻǰ裬ֻڵ˹ʱ۲սμõġ
һ˻ûʲôҫԵеаԼСۣȻŹɽѾȫܰôӦŶԷľߡ
е˲˲ãʵ֤ܰҲȷûʧľ뵱ʱȣǿʮֹһҫ֮Уûһ
ðɣİţ㾡ܷĴ󵨵ȥɣ㶨ʲ˾͸˵ϸҹ͵ƭŪҪġҫЦԼ֮ǰΡ
˽ûİ˰ҫһۣܰЦ˵ȻԱ棬ϻǱȽ϶ȱģȻ£˲ɢ˲ŽȱսԱǧսԱǧ˾ֻһǧ֮
ʥ˵֮񾳹٣⵱дﵽļңܹʮλﵽԲֻλĶֻǳʥˮ׼
ҫ΢˼һһڵﵽԲӦĴҵĲвɣ
ܰһ㶣漴ʵ׶磬ô֪ģ
ҫЦݼ˸ָڵܼ򵥣ĳЩʱ򣬳޲򾳽öǻΪŻô졣
ܰ˵ͷʵҫ˵ǰ㣬ԲĸֵȷĴҵĲвҡկ챤ռһˣǵĸҲһﵽ֮Բĳ̶ȡ
ǽĺܿ죬ҲڷܣΪһĳ˰ǰǾаһаǰȻ쳣ŬڷܣǲҪģԣȻ൱ľˡ
ˣڵķչ̶ٶŵ׶ǰ˲칬ĴʱѾӵгһĳ̶ȡܰڵ
ҫ˵ͷͷ˼һᣬ֮󣬿ڵ˵ÿ˶ҪԼ˽ôʹڿʼɣ
ԣ˵ͷȻҫѾˣҲԵɣҲʹӦˣԼҲʲô£ؼʱĳЧֶֺΪء
ҫ磬ҾԱԼѡɣҲö࣬ʮӣ˵Ҳûиеʲô֮׷׵ͷʾ⡣
ҿղײգҲ̫ɴھͿʼѡ˰ɣҫŤŤӣڵ
ĵܣôѡˣôѵôɲܲŶҶĿŰҫЦ˵
Ȼ˵ǵ˽˲£ǸԹܺԼ˾ˣ˴˻档ҫ˵ͷڻص
ǾͺãҪ˵ʵǵȷĸ㣬Ҫ˵ѵ£ǿɲأһ֣Цǿսӡġܶӳ˵оһ£С
ҫʼ磬һƲڵνɴˣÿ꣬ǰ˵ĲһιдԣʱͿ˭ѵĲ¸ɣ
ãҾ˫޳ɣ˿ɲҪĴԹŶָдֵ˵˫۳˷֮ɫһֻʱ򣬲ŻĿ⡣
Ҳ޳ɣѵ£Լľ򾳽Ҳ𵽲СãԾŻнҲʾԼ޳ɰҫԸйء
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷԼļƻõֵǵһͬͻƾ绹Ҫ˿ģΪҪ˵ϿͬԼֵǡ
ˣôȥѡ˰ɣҫ˸ָ΢Ц˵ԽǻһЦŰҫ߳鷿
һʱ󣬾Źɽڲһʮ꼯ڴˣ֮ǰҫѡУһ֪ҫΪʲôѡǣҲûнֱ̫࣬ӽǴ˹вһֻֿ֮⡣
ҫǾŹɽƶˣһĶֵи֮Ұҫʵ쳣ǿϲԼˣô޴ˣѵҪͶԼĴаɱǻҪܣǺʮһǵսľ
ûãҫһ֮Уʮ˲ֹͣͷӶֳһƬ˶ֹͣ壬վıֱȺҫѵ
ҫǰʮ꣬˵ͷɫ֪ǰĴҵĲвڲˣǻҰҫֵܣֻҪҰҫֵܣұȻḺ
뵽ˮ֮УʼٸǺǼаЩ˵аɵУΪ޵еģʥ˸ɵУҲô롣
аұʥұʥҪڽдһһԽǰ֮һ񻰣Ըͬô
һ㶣漴ˢˢĵϥأһȣԸ׷ҫǣ
ãܺãڿʼסǵţڣ
ͬһʱ䲻ͬҡ
ǰʮŮӣ˵Ӵ˿̿ʼǾҵסǵţ
Ӵ˿̿ʼǾҵסǵţǬٿǰ국˵
Ӵ˿̿ʼǾҵסǵţ°һź֡
Ӵ˿̿ʼǾҵסǵţҹҶĴЦݿڵ
Ӵ˿̿ʼǾҵסǵţĦ޾ָ˫ۻ΢Ц
Ӵ˿̿ʼǾҵסǵţ¥޾΢Ц
Ӵ˿̿ʼǾҵסǵţ޾ɫ
һڣһ֮ɫİ˲ĳˣյǣȻյĻԻ͡


ʮ ҫÿһ죡ֵܵͻƣ
һĶԱҫ˵Ѿ׳ͣİ֮Ȼûкܶ࣬ʵҲͨͨ
ֻ֮Уа綼û򵽣ֻͨ߶ѣսܺͻаеκһС
ǣҫģڲõĽǸԵʷΪажд̣ΪجΡ
˭֪δֻ˹԰˲ĳλⷽزӵа֮󣬳ΪаħجΣǵĳĶˡ
ȻҲǺ󻰣Ҳ˵ǰڽʮҫ˿æĲУ˵׼ȷӦ˵ǰҫܰæĲвŶԡ
Ϊ齨֮ĵڶ죬ҫֵǷ·ƵģչأǵɺܳҲͳһǾԼѾǳٽˣڱչ˵˳ͻƵ񾳵Ϊ
ɣҫûзԵĿܣҲֻǧصһˣ߻ܰ˼ݣͷԹ˵ļĻƾҫһ˴ŹɽĻǲҲҪٵ
Լֵܱչ֮󣬽İҫÿ춼൱ʵҪŹɽԱİţʵķ䣬һаҫҪĿҽкأ⵱ܰЭ
磬ҫҪѲӾŹɽĶʩ©ҪǿҪҫŹɽⲿʩ˸ӲӲĻ˵֪ʩĲ֮
ǰҫͻϮΣֱȥΣĳɼҲ㲻ˣϾҫǳ񾳵ľΪǰҫȴôΪ
һ¾ŹɽķʩʩǺȫ֮£ͨĳ߸Ծ׳ذ벽񾳵ĻǾ͸סˣĻʩѱаĳжأ
ҫǵúǧ֣֮аǳ˹񾳵ĺֱʣҪĳ񾳴ѹŹɽķʩһһ붼סġ
ҫҲûбİ취ֻܰӴȸ÷ʩܰȴԵò꣬ݴӦ֪ҫڵʲôĵԭΪа취ʩﵽҫҪĳ̶ȣֻҪȥһͿˣʼֳһִݲȵ̬Եúɡ
˵˵ҫҹڸʲôҹò֮󣬰ҫһҪȥ鷿飬Ȼѧ֪ʶԼļƻиƣ޷ĳ̶ȣ⵱ҲͬҫҲе﷦ζ
ɫһʱ򣬾ǰҫʱˣɲֻԼһʮ꣬ҲǸճڡһġ
Ҫ˵ҫԡڡӣǿǵ΢ĵزøĪķʽڡʮȫһ飬ڱҫһ˲˾磬ʵδǰǿһֹ˵ܵǴ֮ˡ
ȻԡڡĸҫҲǲģ֮Ԫ֮Ҳ۵ƣ
ҫĸҲֵõģȻΪڡȫ죬Ĳ쳣ҲĴԪ̶ȣ١
ڡʮ԰ҫҲǸм㣬ж԰ҫҲԽ뾴η˵һ̿ʼ˶԰ҫǾԵóϷһģԼҫ
ڸڡ֮󣬰ҫʼΪָѧʽԼһЩľϣȻҫ䲢ûбǴ٣ʵӶ֮ϵģָҲ˿˿ۣ磬ڡʮҲǻǳéٿ
ǰҫһˣҫÿһ춼ôģȻæµǳʵҫҲǲϵĳʱðҫеϲǣֵĸͻƵ˳񾳣ߵС
ͻƵǳ°٣ǶڱչصĵǰŵʱͻƵģһʱ䣬Ҷͻʱĳ֡
°ͻʱƣ֮֮֮ˮ֮֮ӿ۳۳°ڵڣƼƴӿֻ֮һ죬°֮Ͼ⣬漴նУ£Ƽ侪ˡ
ͻʱ콵ƮŹɽ֮䣬ʱ߿ʱƣĿûֻǰ̤ն׹һһ֮ʣңɫ̾һɹ¼Ȼ֮⣬ƮȻ䡣
ͻ֮ŪĶʵС˵Ǿ˾ŹɽµˣЩ֪ǰҫֵͻƵ֮һ֮ϲھŹɽõҫ˵ıӻҫԽǿȻԽбϣôܲˡ
Ȼ˵ĻǰҫܰȰΧȺ֮󣬰ҫǵǰӵˣ°ҲǶ԰ҫ΢ЦӵֵܣΪͻƵֵز֮Ҳ٣ǲҪԵġ
ɾӵ֮󣬹°ȴͬǻҪչأαչزҪԼľ磬ھؼͬʱҪǿԼ롮Ǭ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴΢΢һЦ˲˼ԭɣԭǶԼĪȥԼѾˣòһԼǿĺð취
ǣ˵뷨õ˰ҫͬҽԼĵúĵȫгҪ֪ҫַָϴ赤ЧҪǿϰٱʵʼֵһöƷʥԼʮˣϾֿɲʲô˶ģǱڼֵ൱ľˡ
ɰҫȴȫ£ֱȫг˵һжм۵ģΨ֮һ֣޼۵ģԼֵ֮壬ֹССĵȡ
ҫ֮󣬳°Ҳ࣬л֮󣬱Լȥչˣ˳Ļô롮ǬԼġڡһʵһϵʱͻͽﵽһ൱ɹ۵ĵز
֮ڰҫֵܱչغĵʮ죬Ҳǳ°ٴαչصĵͻˡ
ͬ콵󣬱۳ƣռϱߣûãڣΪһɺ˵ı籩ӿڵУһӣһֱģֵϲûбĲƣ֮ϵһëȻĺɫа
˵°ٵͻƣ˸еϲĻôͻƾ˸еĲˣʱҫüֹ䱸֮⡣
ΪǰǸ˵ĸоԵаɭɭ˲֮󣬶еĽ䱸֮⼴̵Ȼ޴棬ô˵ģĸ磬㣬ǵļƣҪӭңҪҴҵ˼ʲôô
ô˵ҫǰһǰǰǸԼ빲ֵܡ
ס֮һлָ֮ǰһСɧңҲܰƽϢˣ֪°ٶٴαչظԼ֮ҲǵԼġ¥޾ȥˡ
ҫҲΣֻȥ֮˱չصĵʮһͻƣҫû뵽ȻֵСһҲһ⵹ǰҫʼδġ
ͻƵʱ°١˿С࣬ⲢͱȫѹԼѣΪֵǶľĶֶԽѰֱӶġ
ͻƵһ˲䣬ֱӴҫǶ˵ԭɣҫҲ֣£˽ܵķʩͬʱԳ֣ͷųĶѹסָ˻ȥ
ɶ֮˶˶ǳغΪĶðҫǿЦãԼСܻǹһ޺ģС˿˶ȫʬ
ǰҫֵͻƵĵĸҫֵͻʱһȺ֮˾Źɽɽ£Һɽˡ


ʮһ Ͷҫıˣ
ǰҫ˵ľŹɽȻ˽ܵһذңŹɽɽ壬Ƶ˵
ĻûеõΧ˵ĻӦʱ˵϶˳ݣڵ֪Լɽ⵽аͻϮ֮˻ٻعȴûƣаã͵Ͷ
ǸϵԵɽ֮󣬱а˸ֲһѪս֮Ǵ˼˶ĵˣ漴ɥ֮Ȯһ˳
⵱񻢰ֻĽȴûôõ³ͻȻ˱а͵Ϯ֣ԼֵΧ£ɥȪ
ǵɽûˣӵӣԴаϴһգʱȺνǵɽˮĵزĻ˼ܱߵľɫÿ˶¶һְ֮ɫ
ׯ㻹Ǻ°ɽˮĵزˣȻ˼羰ǿûôõ̬أϹü̾ϢһԹ˵
ϹμаͶɱͶҲɱɱ󣬵ϵʱټϹҾֻʣһãǰʬѪӣʬѻɽа涼ûзŹһһɱʵǲҲ̶á
ֻ⻹ҵģҵ˶İҪʱ⵽а͵Ϯս֮ʱӣԼҲˣ֮ӳаħצ񿴵Χľɫ̾ȻǰԹĺܡ
ȻֹϹһķӦҺɽκͬҲûĳͷۣǵϹҲй֮޲ԼľӪһڵñ¾ôܺõ
̾ôа׸ܵĻһ̾Թ԰ԺǸаΪôɽׯֺõȥˣҡͷЦ漴һɫ
˵꣬Ҳ̿Ц漴׷ǰǸ̫ƫһ㣬ԼĲã˺ãȻһֲ֮⣬С̬ȴЩ˷˵ǰʵ˿Цá
Ҳû˵ʲôɽׯʷʵûжԶһֽģ˵ǰң˵ʮӵǧʷϹһɽׯֱС׼ס
ɽҲʢôһ仰ϵСģǱ̬ĻôЩǰǣǾĥѣ䲻ҲʵڻҪǣȥƻᱻЦ
֣֪кأҺɽʵס֮ҺɽǱǰǷݴ䲻ֵ̬ܣҲǸӡ
΢΢ͷǺЦڵΪ֮ƣҲֻȥͶҫһ·ˣ
һ˽üͷһ壬Ϲһڣ˵ţׯͶҫҾûҪɣҾãͶɺʣ
Ҳôãҫ֮;ʹﵽ˳񾳵Ϊȷ츳аǸʵﵽɵĳ̶ȣĻ԰ҫСŶӣƥеģȥͶùҺɽ̾˿ĵ˵
ȻͰҫϷа˵һжҪ㹻£аûˣǵҲûˣôҫĸƾԵòôҪˣҪ˵ʵҺɽȷеʵˣյʵˡ
֪ʲô˰֣ڵʵҫģҲ˵֮һ仰Ͷҫ˵ûжɽ֮գĻԺʽȥҰҫ˼δػͬġ
ͬΣͬ⣬Ǵ¯ֵǿԱ˴һ𣬻񾳵ĴڣҪһȫµĳһȫ練ƣԿаҲ㹻ʱϹɱŷ̬ȡ
ˣ˵棬֮Ѿ˭һ˰֣Դ쳣ᶨ˵
ۿȰҲ˵ʲô̾Ϣҡͷ˸־Ҳǿ˭֪ĸκǰһڵͬĿҸһȥ
κƵĻҺɽ˽һ㶣һֲ˼Ŀ⿴κƣκҲǣԹԵߵߣʱϹࡢҺɽٴξ岻˼֮ʣһˬʵЦ
λǰʲôβɽһҲԾ֮ѽǰҫֻ̤գݶ䣬΢ЦĿ˿ڵ
Ǿ߶ŰҫСˣȭһ񣬿һԵκҲʩһ񣬶ʣµ˾ûôõˣֻ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ
ҫɫĵ˵ͷ΢ЦׯˣйͬĵˣӦǡ
˵꣬ҫֿ΢Ц֣δ
ʱҲûҫôõ飬˱ȭͷʾ⣬ҫҲûϣ֪ǸѣǷѣ֣ڵˣվˣɽɣ
˵ҫͷ··ϰҫѯ˸Ե־ƱеĻҪ񾳾Ͳ˵ˣ˴˵Ҳǲбܽӻʮ֮
Ȼʵ൱ɹ۵ģһǹ˾ʵǿǿа
ҫѾʼĸıԼļƻʵǿû߽£ߵʵҪĳǿӲֶˡ
֮һ·޻ҫɽ֮ϺǰľĿɿڴǶˣΪҫֻһСѣߵҲļֵܣû뵽ǰҫȻڰлʼδġ
ǰһƬĹ㳡˼ææ߶ʱʱĻڸʲôȻȥֺģʵȴæһ߾ӴͻڰʳŸȥ߻˸棬ʲôһַæĸо
ҫ㳡֮ʱܰʮӭҲ൱ĿʱҺɽϹࡢ˼תͨҲ֪ʲôȥƺĻ̥֮⡣
˱죬ҫǿҲ˵ƣԸܰкˣϢһһãպĶԲߣҲȻܣлֹ
ҫֿ˼䣬ܰȥסˣߺ󣬰ҫص鷿ڣٴαչصĳ°١˶˹Ѵе֪ľƴµ˵һԼҺɽ˵ĹɫҲ˵˳
ҫ˵֮˶һԼĿĽǣЩԼѣĶˣкöʼҪΪˡ⡮ЩˡָľҺɽˣǰ̰ͼǰҫⷽ
ʵҲȷˣҹ֮ҺɽмϹκˣҲϻʲô˼֮󣬿ھһ䣺ǾŹɽԼɽȣΣ
ȻɻҺɽΪʲôҪôʣҲʵشһĹ۲죬зչǰŹɽΧһĵƣѾҫ˸൱׼γһȻϣʩҲ൱ǿ˵һ൱ɽأԼȥɽй֮޲
Ļش൱пϣҲǷ׷׵ͷǶԾŹɽĿҲ࣬иǸпǧȻɻڽУɴӹģǳųһɽȥģδʵǲɹ
Һɽ˵Ļ֮ҲǴͬĻڳ˶ľˣ˵ȻôãΪʲôȡΪԼĴӪأڰҫϣҲһ˷Ѱ


ʮ ʵҺɽͬƪ
֣Ǻ⣡üͷ壬˫Ŀ΢΢
Ǻ⣡֣ӦҵŶԵģҺɽһаЦ
ҿԵûôɢ˰ɣҪߣ˭֪һǰס
Զ񣬱ӣ˵֣Ҿ㻹ǲҪֵ̫ĺð
黹û˵꣬־ͼҪߣҲ̫ϷˣϷã㻹˵ҲٰҺɽٺһЦڵ
ͬΪıʲô˵ģתĿֱҺɽ쳣䣬ڵ
֣Ҳ˼Ϊҿ԰ҫһĶֵضмΪ֮ĻҾɲأǿʳ磬ҫûʵסһ鱦أôҲֻܹʵУڱлһзʲôأϹֱ΢Ц
һκüһûж˵ʲôһЦָϹ࿪ڵϹడϹ࣬û뵽ΪһŮȻܰǿ߼˵ĲһǷˡ
䳰ȷϹǺ죬Ŀ¶׹ĿڴʱһԵκͻȻڵǸⲻκƵ·Ҹ־һˣ
˵Ҳ˷Ӧֱߵǰ˵鷳·
ΪѵĿҺɽҲһ֮ɫ뽫ǰȰȫվԼߣ峿ǿмܿհҫ
Ȼҫ߻һ񾳣Լλ񾳣Լǳ񾳺ڵĸ֣ѹҫȻһֽţҲԲʲô¡
ѹҫ֮ԼһռɽΪҫŹɽΪУΪǷаʱڰҫҪǸ齵ԼǻãҺɽҲһݵģɱֵ
κư˲ԸԼΪ飬ļƻ˵һԵ©ȥͨ籨أǶվڰҫһأôԼļƻҪǰˡ
ľΪͲԼټκȫסϹֻ࣬ʣһôǰҫ˵Ķ֣ʱԼ¾ͻﻢˡ
Һɽתת˼ת֮£ɫ֣֣ȻǲԸΪ飬ǾˣϷϣ㲻Ҫִ£ɺã
Һɽ絶ƤһգգĽֻҪ˵һ֣ἴֽ̳Ϯɱ󻼡
ü뿪ڻػԺб㴫ҫĻǰҺɽǰ֮λǰ֣а취Ӧԡ
һҫǺñ£ԭذУйעżһоٶԼ񾳶ûзĴڣݲ䱾죬̾Ϊֹ
һ٣漴̾ϢڵҸֱǵҸº󶼻˦ֶȥԺͲͶȷˡ
ҺɽһЦĻشȻģҪǶͶҫĺã΢Цŵ˵ͷڵ˸־ȻˣϷ㲻ǿˣֻǻֶƬ̣ҷѶҲٰ
ǰӦҫĻٴγԺС
üͷüҺɽҲػصĵ˵ͷҺɽͬ΢ЦͷĶʹ˸ɫ˿һԣҲûжκͷҲص˳ȥ
֮Եκһۣʵ֣ӦҲյҫĴѶ˰ɣ
κƵ˵ͷ֮ǰҲյ˰ҫĻˣִʽǳر𣬲ͨߣܣֱнУûĳ֣㲻ᱻ˲
ȻˣôͻһϷɿˣЦһҡͷ̾Ϣ
Һɽǵ³Ʋ̫ãκƵ˵
Ҳˣһü⣬΢Цʵ
κҲ𻰣˵ͷЦɫĵ˵𿴰ҫƽһ˭мӣӡҪǴĵߣӶˣ˭µɱĵġ
˵ûдҲǼ׼ҫ˵ˣֻҪ˴ĵߣ˲ɱϵˣԼ壬ûкڹΪЩ˶˵Ǹɱ֮ˣɱɱ֮ɴû
ʱҺɽκ֮󣬼̲ҫıţⲻ֪ͷϷ֮ϵϣҫ١°Թۡ
Ϊ飬ҫö֪˭֪˵Ļҫ֪ҲҪ鹦ڰҫġ򷨟oԴӰҫͻƵ֮Ҳͬʱͻȥﵽƪͬƪ
ͬƪﵽ˽ͨɽԼŵһУͨ͸˵ĵزͬʱҲ˵ͬ˵ͬҲܷ
ڴﵽһƪ֮󣬿˵һΧڣֻҪийٴڵҫܽлͨУûܵĴڣҺɽ˵ıڰҫ˵Ρ
ҫֱϢнлͨ漴ߵֵǽ黥ͨȻ˶֪ˡ
ĲҺɽԼԹҰҫŵҺɽڵᣬ̾һ΢΢ҡͷڵ
ĸ磬һ仰ھȥҺɽë°˫Ŀ˵ĺ⣬ҧгݵ
Һɽͼı죬ҪԼ˿ľӪһ£ûѳ°ķθըˣҪǰҫѾȥҺɽ˺ࡣ
΢΢ҡͷų°˰֣ڳ°ļŭҪԵ侲Ķ࣬ҫڵĵܣʲô
ҫ˼һָŵϵῪڵֵǣǾǸô
١ͬʱһëȻɱ⣬ͬҪǿľӪΪУôܲء
ҫ˵ͷ˵վɡ
峿˷ֱҺɽϹࡢκƵˣ˵ǰҫȥҪ̣˴Ӧϴ֮󣬷׷ǰȥ
˵Ĵ£һɽľ޴¥¥а˲֮ߣڲװεĹɫ㣬µţ˲Ĳһְ͵ĸоҺɽۺ첻ѣ뵽ҫѹ֮ΪԼĶֱó첻١
ڰ˲ʱһľƴãҸΣλǰҫЦеĿ˵
ϣλǰϢĿɺãҫЦǺǵӭȥ鹧мӣԵúǿ
ããû뵽ҫСѻ㲻С˹Ŀ࿴ҺɽһЦڵ
ѽֻСطСѣķأҲֻǷԼ°ˣֵһᣬֵһᰡҫ˰֣Ц
ǺǣҫСǫˣŹɽӪ֮ãϷһɽׯҲй֮޲أвֵһĵҺɽ΢΢һЦڻص
˾겻ĺѣԵ쳣ǣʵأж޲ýԷݺݻɱ˷ֱ֮ҺɽɵĿһ۶ĸλҫСѣб˹ͬô
ҫԣ΢΢ͷЦҵļֵܣУаʱҲǵģ㿴ˡ
һ䣬ҫңָ֮⣬˳Űҫָ⿴ȥⲻãһ֮Һɽ˲ʧɫĴ֮ɫֱĿ⡣
֮⣬Ϊףǳ°ˣ˼̤նУԵøߵٿ߽֮󣬶ҺɽǴ㵵ıӶٿЦĵܣǸˣûʼɣ
ҫǸ߸߹ƳһҺɽˣڵոպð


ʮ ͷԣȥ
ǰĶһе㳬ҺɽԤ룬ԭӦ԰ҫ񾳣ֻҪκƱô߳ɵİսѹ¡
ɴʱ˿̵ƣڹ˳֣չ¶Լ񾳵Ϊ֮Һɽԭȵļƻûʵˡ
񾳵ĴڣϰҫһžԵƣȻϢϿԸоõ˲ͻƳûжãϾǻʵĳ񾳡
ֻҪ˵סϹ붭ôҫ֮£ԼûѹǶˣҪܾ˵Ļ̵ֻأòǵ
ۼҺɽ˼΢΢һЦڵкô˵޷
ûʲôֻǼλͻƵ˳֮ипһѣһ󱲣ǳͰϷ﹧λˣ˵Һɽ̬ĳŹ˹˹֣ٵҲòԵ
ٴ֮󣬰ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷʵǺǣϿˣǻ˵°ɣλǰĴҲѾ֪֪ǰкδ㣿
Է׷׽ͶҺɽ΢΢̾Ϣҫԣôļƻɲóֻɲ֮⣬ɴ
˵ǵѾȫݣڵĵ˼а¾˵䲻ĻѾɽˮĵزҫСѣҵͬķϣԮְ֮
Һɽҡҡͷϳ˱֮ɫҲ쳣Σ˵ʵڵҪһǰ߿࣬Ҳ̫ܣȻɽűƣ޸֮ľΪеǰڻڵġ
ҫ˵ͷԴǵĻصȻŹͬĵˣҪǣϣԼλǰʲôҪģܿڱǣֻҪܼƴǡ
һ䣬Ϲ붭޵ƳҺɽƻģʱҺɽӦǿӲԴǣҺɽȴû̿ڣǳ˼ǻҪҪԼļƻʵС
ҺɽһᣬƸһأԼļƻ䣬̰ҫԼڵľΪҫȻ񾳣Ҳδؾûʤԡ
ȻҲһģӮˣͿԽհҫһУɽ𡣶ˣȻǲ룬ĽǣԼԼϹ붭һ
ҺɽߵĲ豭һŨ裬ɤӣ˫Ŀת΢ЦҵҫСѹִͬƴ˵أǵ֮ͨ£ŹɽΪаĽأ֪ҫСΣ
һ˽¶ŭɫݺݵĵҺɽҲţҲ࿴һۣ˫ĿֱŰҫϴŵЦ֮ɫŰҫĻظ
һ£һ˵˼ǰۺҫһĿɨҺɽˣ΢Цʵ
Һɽ΢Цص˵˼
ҫ˵ͷҲЦ棬ڵλǰǱȻģòаʵ̫ǿĸ˸޷ƥУֻ֦ͬ俹⣬ûзԵɡ
Һɽнһϲаҫͦʶʱģɺ߽һ仰ҭ˹Ǻ
Ȼ˵ǺϵôͲҪʲôˣǱ˴˻ݻԴԸΪλǰԮڶԸаⷽ棬˫ͬ飬ƽӶϣΰҫŵЦݣڻص
Ҫ˵ʵҺɽ֮ǿһǵ֮ģǣҪ˵ͷԵĻʮҺɽһ鶼Ȳһҫ⻰һ˵ʱҺɽƿԡ
ߣҫʲô˼йƽӶ˶٣йƽôɫ濪ȾˣСҪעԴǣ԰ҫĿѣϹһ棬Űҫǳ
עԴǲŶԣΪϹôŶˣҲûϹˣϹһۣ
СҸһᣬջոյĻ򣬱Ҷ㲻Ϲ˫Ŀ׹⣬ݺݵĵһۣ˵
ҲϹҲҪǸ²аһ༥֮¿ʼ½
ˣ
ۼŮ֮ƣҫҺɽͬʱһȣסƳƳԹĿ˰ҫһۣ߱Ȼ࣬ȴǴһ֮ɫ״С죬Ҳֹ֪ʲôŤͷȥ˵
ϹҲתͷҺɽ߰дŭһᣬѹǻŭ𣬱붭ҺɽհĶô˵ˣϹҲֻϢġ
ʱҫıҲ̫ÿֻһעϹ࣬ϹǰҾǽǰһãҲ̫ˣҿɲܺǳģҪڵĴɽˮ㲻ңĪҪΪҰҫʵ˵ûôҪɲȱ񾳵ģ
ҫĻǺɳӰֻ˵Ϲһ˵ҺɽģʵҲȷˡ
ҫ߼Լܹ񾳣ϻڱչصҶָУܹǰټδعԼֻһ֮ң֣δ񾳵ܿɹۡ
һ㣬ҺɽԲ̫Ҳ԰ҫ̬ˣʱֳպأҺɽҲòԲ
Ҷ̸ҫСνιϵϷΪдȶҺɽЦеĿҫڵ
ֱԱɣҫһۣ˵ҫѾûиտʼʱǰףʼֲ֮⡣
ϷãҫСȻ֮ţҪһɲףϷһأëԼһ£ϾھӪһϣϷھϻҪǿڰҫСѵģҲֻδԿаȻˮɣϣҫСܹϷһƬİҺɽ΢Ц֮ɫĵЦ
֮⣬ҰѿľӪһ˫ַϿҫ΢Цҡͷڻص
ϣҫСܹԴΪذҺɽаϲҫƺеɿڵ˼΢Цͷڵ
ҫ̾˿漴°ڵܣ˵ĶԣԸҪҪƤļһֱȭͷȽʡ¡
°ԣʼ磬ڵҲ˵ɣɱǷϡ
ҫ΢΢һЦų°˰֣˼ǽԼ°Ҳ΢΢ͷһϷʵĿ⿴Һɽ
ʱҺɽѾ࣬ζ챻ҫըˣ°һһ䳰ȷҪɱҪϣǰֶûаôŭ
ҫСѣǺⰡҺɽɤӣ֮ɫƳһۣڵ
⣿Һף϶ܾˣһھҪҵңҵҸ㣬һǰɱѱˣ˵ƨǣڸʮϢʱ䣬˸ҹŹɽ򣬺Ը
ҫһƺԵĲ輸ϣķ飬漴ĳҺɽǶŭһԵٵ˶һټҫŭҺɽҪǰˡ
԰ҫҺɽҲǼŭģͬһƽԵĲ輸˸飬Ϲ࣬жͬʱŰҫŭĿӣ˸һҲͬվƾҪ֡
ҫϷĺȻң̫ˣҵúúõĽѵѵ֪ߵغС֪ʲô˸˵ʲôĻҺɽƤŭȵ
ѵңĺҺҺɽƤƤİɣãܺãȻ㲻ҪˣҲøС𣬰ǣҫ˫Ŀ΢΢Цһڵ
ڰҫ֮ʣǳͻأŻ򣬻Ѹײڶ֮ƣͬʱҺɽ˵ıţһӣûΪ廨󣬰ֶã漴ӵִһӥ
~~~~~~~~


ʮ ˳ɻ
ʱҺɽˣֻϹ붭񶼻ˣһǰδеĿ־壬ǧȴ©һĶǾС𣬳׽
ڵʱǾѾ׽ˣֻһͨĲͨĻ棬ȴʮ񾳣ϰȫյһɶûʣ£Ǵû
Źɽȴûм׽ټΪ׽ѾˣûиҫһԲŻģƻ̰ҫ©һ㣬Ҫǵ
Һɽ뵽ͻȻʼƴҪϵĻη۳ɵʼûһ˿ɶļ󣬷ԽԽ𾢸Խյ亹֮಻ԣֻûзϣشͣù
Һɽ˱ǻһԵκƶǺܲȻһڿˮãĻãԼûиҺɽۣͬĻǶҲ䵽³
˰нһѺһգʵҲ˳׽Ĵڣʱ˿̻׽񵱳ǰǶµĹǺ
Һɽƣҫֽתκƣ΢΢һЦڵǰǰҺɽ˾ȡսأӦòְɣ
һ㶣漴΢Ц˵ҫС˵ﻰǣԸҵɽˮһԮ֣֮١սأҺɽȡΪǱݵģ㼴ʹɱǶ֣ҵ಻мΪ顣
ҫĵ˵ͷ΢ЦλǰǷԸºأ
԰˰֣ԵκһۣҲ΢΢ͷڰҫü֮ʣͬʱϥأǺԸ˳ҫӽ󣬸ǡ
ۼκƶ̬ҫԼ˶һ㶣漴˶һĵЦˣҫæǰ˷΢Цλǰɷˣܵλǰ֮γаƣлλǰպز˶λ
΢ЦͷڵҫСܳɴµˣ˾Լյľ
ҫ΢Цͷֿκƣ߳һ겻ıҫʱҲֻǵ˵ͷڵҷ㣬ԸΪЧͣ
κĻҫûӵͣΪκƵϿһ˵ӰӣǾ͹٣Ƕ˵ԸӦò࣬ȵ֣˪ʵǵĳЩʱȳ˶ҪȵĶ࣬԰ҫҲǳ˺øС
λǰԺֽ˸ˣλǰıԿаһ£ҫŶ˱ȭ΢Ц˵ҲǱȭ񣬵˵ͷ
ҫͷˣڵѾͷϴܣȥһ£ֱɱ£˳ܰ˵һУҡ
Ҳû˵ʲôԴһ㣬תǵȥǷʱһֱִ߲֮ڡ
֮СѾվڰҫļͷǼͣͣŰҫգʱʱĻϽл
ҫСĻʱͷۣĶͷСţθôι㣬Ҫ㵱ӰҪжٵô
ϣСĽлһ漴ƷһĴųڰҫԴߣżС죬·СǰҫǣҫҲǱĵıͷܣһһ߻ţˣû˵ֻǱԹһ
ˣİҫκƽе㷴ӦҫԸʵе̫ˣʱȻôͳһ˸еĲ⡣
˵Ը񣬲һõ쵼ˣΪһʱ岻˼ǧ״õʱ
ɰҫȴǸ⣬ƶƻԼʲôʱ൱ĹϣʲôѶϾ岻״žһ˸ְɣʱԴʱԣ¿Ҳֻаҫˡ
Թҫֹ֮ͣҲˣ١°˴ʮ廨ŮЩ޲¶֮ɫͬҺɽˣһҪȥڹһ˦֮˶صĹڵأֶá
ʱҺɽˣҲˣʩչ޷ѻȻǷϣֵĿҫҫҲЦеĿǣȻЦЦݿҺɽȴޱȵˣǲ亹ֱ
ҫԸ齵Ը齵뻹Ҫдһɣ
Ҳ˲ʲôˣӣͷģҪǱжǱһԵϹ࣬ȴҧűǺ֮ɫ֮¶һֲ֮⡣
ҫһǰЦжϥлƽȻģôʱĴˣҲɱ㡣㣬Ϲǰ㻹й
˵꣬ҫ󲽣һһϹȥÿ߳һϵɱ֣ߵϹǰʱǹʵʵɱ⣬Ѿһ˫絶˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬ôϹࡣ
ʱϹͱŵûʧɫһ˫Ŀ˾֮ɫҫɱ¶ɸģѾŵû˵ˣֻڵɪɪ
ҫз˫ۣƵ£Це˵Ϲǰһ䣬Ը˳ô
ңңԸ⣬ҫһ棬٣ٸһλᣡϹѵһĭΡΡĻص
ܺã
ҫ΢Цͷ漴һУϹϵĻȥһӣʵϵС֮ǰѾɻַĻ԰ҫĹΪȫⲻ˵ġ
ϻʧ֮Ϲ붭æʧĿҫ˵֮ʣҫȴ˰֣ӽǾǰǰʲôǾʲôҪǸֻǣô
һ䣬˵ͷ˵ףǶ˵£ҫҲͬǵ˾͸˾ӣҴ׷վһԡ
κȻϲüңҫⷬ˵ǸһӣֻҪԼľΪҫôպĵλ޿˵Լһ֮ʱҪ⡣
ҫҲˣϷԸ˳㣬Ϸ֮ǰһʱģϣŻв֮£ҫ󷢴ȱ֮ģһذɣ
ʱҺɽҲʼҫһߵǰЦе˵ϰϣӦôһ仰ɣI̿ɻ㲻ΪһôŹɣ㷸Ĺǲԭµġ
˵ҲҺɽӦҫһ̧˵һҺɽθգҫɭһЦתȥڵҲȥ˽̤ո߷ɸߣУ֮ϡ
ʱУ֮ϣվˣվǰʮ񾳸֣Ϊ˷ֱܰԼԲĸ֣ʮ񾳸վһţƲס
һſ˸ӣÿӹʮŮֻ˫Ŀؾ⣬˫ָ˫Ȼ濪ͦأһɳݵĿ⿴еİҫ˸ӱǰҫ˵ˡ
˸֮ǧ׽׾ʿÿ˽ǽףֽɫɰ˳ìܣ˽񣬲һԣﵽͬվŲ͸һɱ֮ҫĽ׾ʿǾϲ
ǰǧ˱ǰҫյǿսˣڲõĽǣЩǵͬʱҲ춨δ˲칬ɵе


ʮ ϵΣ躹ޣ
ҫͷȺӪȽǧƽʿֻĿһǸ߸𣬻ͷָָƽʿӪЦߵܣĽɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵţ֮ǰչصʱľͰѵһ£Ȼû磬ͨ߸һа֮ܣʵȥ
ҫʼ磬΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵţԺⷽ¾ͽˣ͵Ϊҷǰɣ
ʼ磬漴΢ЦͷӦǹֵܣȨʲôİҫأΪ֪Լֵܾܷ
ؿǰҫɤӣָָԵҺɽȵλֵܣҺɽһɽׯׯһɽׯаҺԸԴλׯ飬ҾŹɽֵǣ˵Ҹγʹˡ
ҫһ䣬˽㶣漴ңŭĿӣ˶ҧгݣĿ¶׹⣬ǲɣҪǻͳȥҺɽƤǣҡ
Źɽǵļ԰Ȼ֮ǰǸŸɵĲвԴŹɽ֮ÿ˶зһԣоһȣҫҲܰúôǣóԺסúȣҲὨģôİɽЩΪǡ
Ȼĵɣ˽Ǹж£ж԰ҫмӣټϰҫǰڼӣԴ˶һͬʣЩʱ򻹸˻һ̸˵أѾԻ˵ҫǷǳĵġ
ѾҫΪԼͷˣŹɽԼµļ԰Լļ԰˿ԣôܲŭôܲޣܹɱ˵ĻôҺɽѾʬ޴ˡ
ɱɱɱ
ɱ죬ף쳹ݣɱֳ˵ĿУ˽Ǹ߾ֱۣŭȳֺ֮֮룬ƺҪ춼һ
ãɱ
ҫȻ֮ɫһӣԵҺɽԶƯǰͷɢ澪֮ɫҪǱжǱûģҫ˳һƺݺݵĺ֮ϡ
˵Ļ𾢴ӰҫӿգۼѽҺɽɣ֮Ҽӳ˰죬԰ҫųɹµһƣҺɽҺûüֱӱһĵĻҷûʣ£Ƽ侪ˡ
ҫһƽҺɽĳֵ֮ͷˣ漴ʩһ񣬿ڵλֵܣȻǸңҰҫıزǣзһԣоһȣҰҫľǵģǵĳ𣬾ҵĳҰҫԸǹһС
ǵļ԰û˿ǵļ԰ҺɽԣаҲͬܣ˭Ҽ԰Ұҫ޻أֵҰҫһ仰ȿɷԸңͬһǵĻԻ͡
ҫĻ˶Ѫڣ֮ʣʮ񾳸֣˴ǧƽʿǰҫ˽ǹĵϥ¹ȵԸ׷ҫǣ
ȣҫѪڣ˫ȭȻ֮ɫ˵ҫлλֵܵĴ塣
ɴʱ˿̿ʼҫԼʲôǰ˵Щ˵Ѿһġ
ʱϵĵᣬαڵأκ䲻ҪӮΪԼҲΪǣ֮ÿһƻÿһսҪӮ
ڽҫյʼȫԾŹɽĽڽܹĵĽţ⵱൱á
ҫòϣϽϽ˵һЩ̸֮ҫéٿⲿʩ뽨Ⱥھһĸ֮ЧҲ쳣
㵽ҫϲ⣬Ҳǿ˲٣Ϲ붭ʱ䵹йоأΣǴҲҫ䵽ԵУǰϣʱͶɢһʱ䣬Ĺ˳ίá
Һɽ˰ҫҲûΪǣҫһԹˣҺɽ޹أҺɽҫҲ׳֦ԸµԸµߡ
Һɽʮ£ȫԸ˳⵱лĶ֣Ҳһɲʵ
Ƕ԰ҫҲûʲô̫ԹޣҲ֪ҺɽҪ̰ҫľŹɽ޸֮ľҫԸǣȻϲ⣬æҺɽƲϵ
˵ԼҲǱڹҫ󷢴ȱһ·һҫҲһЦ֮ĺʵҫʱ￴̫ˡ
һĹţֹ֪£ԵеƽаڹռϷ֮һ֮Ҳûʲô̫ľٶٴβҲ֪ܼƻʲôı
Źɽ躹޵ԭҲɵĽţŹɽ˽һģ֦ͬڰҫ˵Ĵ£ɽۼģҲԽĺƴ
ȾŹɽһڵɽ屻ҫһ£˲¥ۡͬʱʩҲ˳չ
ȻǺʡڰҫ˵ľ£ԾŹɽΪģѽؾݵ·һһ㣬չԲеĴС֮У⵱κεķ紵ݶҫһ֪ⷽɹٸ
Ա棬˰ҫ˵ÿҹĸ⣬ҫǧƽʿҲǺܸȤⷽǽȫȨġ
ҲûðҫʧڴҲ൱вܣ°ȻôǼȭȭ뵽ս֮Уھһϵе֮̽󣬡Ǽսĳ֮С
ʱԽãҫȴԽĵǣڵʲôȻڵһֱչزֵܣָҶġ
ˣһﻹһ㶼ʡİҫվһ̨ϣңҹգ̾Ϣ
ҫ磬õʹͻƲˣҲʲôµģοڣİɣʲôµġҫߣ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦסļ򣬺ҲǽԴڰҫļϣңҹգҹƣ췱쳣ôǿա
ѾͷкڸһôҶߣίôҫôǿգ˵
˷ۣðҫԴû˵ҫ磬ǳԻʲôôԴίҲãҷ˼ʱ򲻾һЩ꣬˾ûʲôֵûˣֻкҵ߹һŻζѽ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣Դ˵Ѿͷƽʱ㲻ô˵û뵽Ҳ˵ôĻѽ
ĿһУסҫ⣬ݺݵŤţĵ˵ҫ磬ո˵ʲôظһ𣿡
ҫһ֣εİ֣ڵûûѾͷҫ»زˣĲˣ̧
԰ҫƤЦģһЦ˳ɿħצЦҫ磬ίֻҪܸһ𣬵ɽҪȥ
ɵѾͷ
ҫ˫סĿԣޣ鲻ԽҪĴഥ֮ʱһ˵ĳǶβѣ˲ֿߣϽһƬߺ֮ɫ
ǹ٣겻ı۽һƲĿ˶һۣڵǸˣҿûأԡҪһ
û£û£ϴʲôҪôҫһһ֮ǰγŹ֣΢Ц˵һԵҲϢһŹίһЦ
ٵ˵ͷҫڵոյ鱨ڽһڱ¥ɱ׷ɱ¼ҵ껣
껣


ʮ 껵¥һɱ֣
¥ǿɱ֮һҶѪʵ¥ʵûжǿҲ͸ɽׯԼһɽׯ£ڳһѡ
Ȼ¥ûЩ뻯ڵ۷ȣǽȴû˸СǣΪɱ֣ǻûʲô׵Ϊ빦Ҫ˵ɱ˵ı죬к¥ҶѪ꼸˸ǡ
¥¥ϷǷ˳ơʥѪ䱾ΪҲͳ۷ĳ̶ȶѣʥѪ֮˿˲֪˲ģ֮ΪԳ񾳵ľΪɱһ뻯Ĵߡ
ɱ־ˣΪʹͣҪɱ㣬ЩʱȵĲΪ빦ֶΣ伫ֶΣֻҪɱ㣬κֶζϡ
¥Ŀ궢껣ݵĿľȥҰҫģһǳҪϢҪ߰ҫǹڰ׼ҵġ
Ǿ껸ո̤֮̾⵽˺¥ɱֵ׷ɱ¥ɱҲ껳Ծ˿ͷΪɱʲôֶζˣͶ͵ϮΧеֶζˣһֲɱĲݵļ
һνǳԲ˯ѣԶ±¶˯͵Ϯɱ·϶ɹ½ֱߵСǺ¥ɱװģͻϮһѾ˺üΣҲʵͷ۵ĺܡ
Ҳˣг쳣Ļԭһܵ·̣Ӳһ£ѶŸ붼ûȫ¥ɱָˣҲȥҫѶ
Ҳз֪࣬͸ҫһѶˣҲԼɽˮܵҰҫˣڻ¥׷ɱҲǿֹ̾
ǧ˺ʡŹɽҲԶˣֻǺ¥ִ˲ƣ׷ɱ׷ɱ
ģ¥ĶΪѹڣ˸ӣӻָΪôһţһóҲС
һջ᷿˹ƶ֮ǰʹ˺¥ĶһΪ֮ʱ䵽ڣʼתֱҧ
ָΪȲǸʱˣ
ϵҩŬָΪʱһͳɤǳͻأĳ껵Ķߣ͵һֱۣǰȥոһ˲䣬ʯǽ˲䱬飬һƬ⽣âȥ
üͷһһɨСӣǱ˻޴İyУһգۼʮͭɫâǰ⽣âչҵײ
껣գ߳ķĹһؽâ֮УͣĶâǵصĴ껡
껳һӵյΪ˫֣ϣһһ͵ĵââƥԵףֱӽǰеĽâ飬ֱĳ꣬ȥּֿѸ
yؾ˳ɹ

ۼâֱЦһŲæ̧һתˮһ㣬âжһߣ½ǶûմɵĻһâһ׿⣬ʯǽʧҹ֮С
ۼ׾ٵĽԼâ⣬껺޵ֱҧٵ׷֮ʣͷķͻȻըһ󶴣ʯǽͬʱ飬ͬʱ껡
껵ͷһ׳ֳشӷϺݺ䣬һֳһ˫ذףһһҷִ껵ߣҲһֳһ˳ǹ綾һ껵ʺϼĬָǿ磬Χɱ껡

ҧͺһͻϮֿͣҪûж֮ǰĹƣŹǷܶ㿪ɴһʱһʱÿ˹ͻᷢͷۻ֫Ҫ񣬿վվȡ
ʱΣҲ˲ϸոѹƵĶ᲻ᷢתżһ㣬ˣ¥ɱֻеǰһ׹һӣǰû껵ӰͻȻһ죬ʯľмɽ˲Զʯǽһο
񼲵磡
ۼʧ٣꣬һЦǺǣܲģ
ɱֵΧɱ֮βͣһ磬ֱջڶȥ봩ǽߣô˭֪û¥ɱ֣Ҫôͻأĳ˳ȥ»ôߵǺš
ǣû뵽ǣ¥λĵҪԺ֮ʱǰĻЦͣ
ԺУʮվסȥ·ϵҲǶֶǹ廨ӦоУΪһ꣬࿡ʲһ˫ǳһĿ껡
ððΪɱң¥һɱֶˣӰҶģ֪οһˣǰһԸǸʹʹĴһҲ޺ˣ껾ٵΪ׵꣬Ц
Ϊ׵꣬ҶģǺ¥¥״ӣͬʱҲ¥ϷǷµĵһɱ֣ɱ˺ܼ򵥣һ֡
ҶһԸɱ֣Ӳ͵ϮҲӲ¶ֱͨӳ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣ˲ɱͨɱˣ֪ô£Ϊ̫ˣ쵽Ӧʱ䶼ûС
ʱҶĿһ껣ҡͷ̾Ϣһڵãҳȫ㣬ǶҪ֡
ʦ֣Ҫôֳ껵ǰЦͣ껵Ѫķ
˳ֳ֮ʮ꣬껻޵껿ǲѷˡ
ܲˣӮңɱǣУҩӮҲû˼ҪķڷҶĿһֳ꣬˵
ʼ磬Ǵʦ˵㣬漴óһƿ껣˳ֽ£ƿ浹һž״ĵҩҲ븹Уûãڵľ綾ʼˣΪҲĻָ˹
û뵽㻹ͦģһָΪô˫ĿһգһžΪĻ漴˫Ŀһб˵ľ⣬ҶЦ
ɱ֣ͬҲߣұǿָΪҶҡҡͷص
ôţ껴һ֣µһ˲䣬Ѿʧ˵ǰһѾҶĵǰһɽ֮ƣͿҶĵļ
磬ľˣļٲûΧ¥ɱֵľ˷һֳЦĿ⣬Ҷǰʩչֱȡ衣
ȻڵһˣǰûҶĵӰҶģ껵֮껶ǿĿɿڴ
ұǿ죬Һţָʵ֪֪࣬ʲôдͽ޹
ҶĻ䣬һصĺ껵ıţһƼ죬ƾ籩ףֱһƺ껵ĻѪɳ壬ڵһ㱻˳ȥ
ֻоԼ׻͵һѪǰ֮ʱǿűŵľʹһ󣬵âƷּֿһˣΪҶѾǰֻ̧ƣöǰ껣һ껵ؿڣٴλɡ
ʱҶĵĸ㣬ʵ̫ˣķ·˲ƶһ㣬ϵĳڸλã껾һƤһ㣬һ˺ȥ޷֮жãҰǳ¡
أ
һ죬Ҷһƺ껵ĺԣǰһ˹ȥ漴أҶһŵز껣˵˵ˣҪķڷͬӦҲ޺˰ɣ
ҶĻһ䣬̧־ҪһƱɾʱ֮°˱۳ĳ񽣣ȥػͬʱҶĸ𿪣лһɭĻ
˭ҶҰҫȫʬţԿ


ʮ ɨ¥࣡
Ҷüǰ˱񽣣֪񽣳ԼʲôãǾµЧҶԷҲѾԱˡ
Ϊɱ֣ҪҪ鱨ѯһ̵˽⣬ҫڽпν죬Ҳ¥Ӵ˵¥¡
Զ԰ҫ鱨¥˵ָƣڹķѧʽطʲôʱȥʲôطʲôʱָɹʲô£Ǿϸš
İ׼߹ӵݶѱ֪Ҳˣڰҫɱ¥֮󣬺¥ûչΪħŵİ׼ңǺ¥ǣҲǲ
ǣһʱһʱ¥ǣڲǣΪʲôڵĺ¥ָˣΪ¥һɽͬʱ׼ҲѱЩ¥ɱ֣ʹ԰ҫҲʲôˡ
ҫʵͷ©β²ÿҲɣֳ꣬һϷʵЦݣա
̧ͷ֮ʣһöЦݣ漴һɵΪ֮һתһ˲ʹסˣе㲻Լ۾ǰһɫŮӡ
ŮƽŮӣľĶǣ޿ޣһֲ֮⣬ڵضö֪
ɲŶΪͣˣôӦаɱ֣ûˣôɱ˰
ǾɫŮЦǷ̬Ϊ֮һϣ֮һâֻ˯ĳ嶯ͬʱоԼĶͷðҺ岻ͣʺѪҺһӣԶûһͷأ鴤£û˺
ʱ굹֮ܵɱǻع֮ǰҲŮӵò𾪣ҶĶľ֮ɫֱ굹صʱǲʶǰ使εõǴ̵ģҪĴ̡
ŮЦ漴˫Ŀ⣬ֱһ̧зɳһƴСĽŮ׷ϰգ漴ſһۼĸо
Ⱥȥ
ɾĸоȴҶľ̾е˶㿪㿪
Ҳ֪Ҷ˵˵㣬ǽŵ̫죬֮еҶҶ·裬֯һľ󣬵Ҷ͸ɱֵʱѪ湴յĸ
̶̵һϢ֮䣬ٴ飬ܵĺ¥ɱ̵أŮջؽҶģһ㶣漴Це˵ҫ磬һ˾ֵܽġ
ѾͷҲкܾûгˣĺأ
ҶҶ͵һɴ˫Ŀǳ貵˫ͫʱС㣬ķʼ
ҫѾˣʲôʱ򵽵ģԷ۽ԼûôԼҫĲֵʲôĵز뵽Ҷĵ̫Ѩϲһ亹
ûվҶǰվǰҫҫĳַǳͻأһַǳԻõĸоָоǰĻ΢΢Ťһ£һӣҫͳͺһֱ
ɱ
Ҳ֪˭˵һʣʮ¥ɱֳҫȺ֮ڰҫҪ֣ҶĸոתҪٴѵʱһͻȻ
һ̣ҶĸеԼԴ쳣Ļһ˿ʹ֮УоǰĿռԼʱһֲı䶯Լĸ֪ݵͣһ롣
ʱǰʮֽǵɴ˫ۣƶŷҫʱǸǵȴ·ʯͷһڵϣһΨһվŵˣֻһ米һŽƬꡣ
䣬ž޲һ̲ˮһ㲻κα飬˵ĸоһһ鲻ڸıĸֻʵʱʵ˲Żᱬ˭ǹ١
ϴ㶼ɱˣһôְ㣬Ҳ̫ˣҫ˶ƤŵָŹٴţĭӽһء
ûĺһۣʵʶĳ֣Ϊֻǰҫһ˶սˣҲˣ¥мѾױٶ˺ɨֻʣҶĹһˣվԭشľ
ָָҶģ˵ⲻһô
ˣҫĶͷջس񽣣תͷҶģЦе˵ʣˣǹаɣ˵Ǻ¥һɱ֣ǿǾͱȱɣֻҪҵ½ǣҾͷΣ
Ҷһ侲ۼͬ˴ܹ䲻ֻתתг˼
ԼȻѾﵽԲĵزǸ鱨ҫѾﵽ˳֮ô˴֮ĲԨ֮𣬸ûпɱԣ֮ǰǰ˱񽣣Ѿһּ᲻ɴݵĸоҪԼذɡ
ֻһ·ߣǾӣΪһɱ֣ܲʲôɳܵ飬ǵĴֻΪһǾβ´ֱɱԷΪ֮һɱֱҪõԡ
뵽Ҷɫһ΢΢ƿҫʵ˵
ҫˬһЦڵҰҫ˵һһ˵Ƕ˵ĻûвģֻҪմĵҵ½ǣҾͷȥ
ã
һ䣬Ҷһ㼱ܶٶ֮ѼӰɾҶľҫֻ׵ľʱֻǰصһ̤һӦ
Ҷĵٶ͵ļӿֹ缲һ㣬бҹգҫ֣Ϊ֪ԼûӮĿԣһѡľܡ
ۼҶܣٶûг˼ȻѾҫˣô͸ɰҫԼ
ҶĽԶȥıӰҫ˷ۣЦһڵ֪Ҫƻ󣬲ҪǰˣҰҫڽϻô
һ䣬ҫֻ̧֣ʳָָ˸ɫĹ㣬׼ҶʧıӰһָһɫָâƿնָâľˣ׼ȸ޿ޡ
ǧҶĽʱ򣬸պô͸أһϳС׹¡
񽣡̽
һȥʰ㣡ҫһһԶҶ׹ķЦһú¥һɱ֣ϰҫһָǲ࣬񾳵Ĳ࣬ҲҫĲࡣ
ǧ׶׿⣬Ҷ麹ɵڵϣֻؿಿλĵطһĴָСѪҫһǳȲҪܽˣʧȥжҶһëȻĿ־֮⡣
֮ǰѾԶ˰ҫǧ׵ľ룬˵Ӿǧ׵ľ˾ͻúһСǧ׵ľ룬ǸѾ糾Сˡ
ڰҫƺûоһ㣬ܹ׵ĻһܽȽǶȾ׼ȷӵֺ˵ĵزһҶĶе̾Ϊֹ
ˣбͫ򷨟oѹôԶľ»ңĲԩ
ڵϵҶһֻסԼأЦţͻȻܷɴܳʮ꣬ΧסΪ׵һ˵˵ˣҪȥˣ
ʱҫתͷѾȥָУü£ƽı֮ϣ̽ڡ
껵Ʋνأ֮ǰҶĴĺм֮ڻ඾δ壬ȻˣƶԳ˵ˣÿ²˴Ѳġ
԰ҫ˵Ȼ鷳޲ߣҫˮָһһһĻ𾢽껸ǣһ֮˲䵯𣬷ϰգûɢȥſڵϴڴڵĴŴ
ҫ껵ļ΢Цû°ɣ
͵תͷҫ漴һ˫Ŀץסҫļ򣬾еҫ죬һضһ塢šйѱˣ廹аϣڹħһȥ
ʲô


ʮ ֮ңҶ
ȱ𼱣˵˵ҫһԼ侲껣ʵ
˿ĭ񣬿ڵģаħŵ˸ƽ֣󻮷ֶһһ룬֪ġ
һʱ䣬֮еһ塢šйţʼǰ׼ҵۣǣԭֻǶƤӣ׼һû̫ϣûҲͲ֮ˡ
˭֪׼ҵãŸӵſڷԵҲ⵽ǵˣһв˳
ƵģʼµӶ԰׼ҵ˽ϮɱЩ׼Ϊе˶նɱ˲٣ǶˣһɥĲֶβ涼Źʵǿֲĺܡ
ھԽԽ֮ʣ׼ֻɽšɽׯԼŶҽеֿ󶫺ħſʼս뵽ս֮С
ɾڶ֮ʣһƹаʼˣǴĸ֣뵽԰׼ԼչĹƣ׼Լʼڽڰˣʼơ
ȥԮģҫ°ֵ鲻ã߰ɣ׼ҵľ൱ΣգҪ
˵֮󣬰ҫ˽ûлػ˳˼֮Уаһаѹֳôãԭڴħŵ⣬ҿεļƣһڳħԼļơ
Ҳܿĳҫѽȣ¶ƣܵĪѹʵԼ˾˳ɾ͵˲Żֵƣܺʬصĺ¥ɱ֣͸˵ˡ
аȻ׼֣ǵ뻯߶ˣü˵
Ӧòܰɣ֮ǰаѾ˹񾳵в٣뻯ȴûмһϹʱڣƷԼʱǷصǿأ֮뻯Ĵ߲׼㣬Ǽλǿֶ߱Ӧûôĵӡҡҡͷڵ
֮󣬰ҫ˽һֿ껣ҲĻڣͿһڵ˵ʲôô
֪ǧôҫ΢΢һЦʵ
껵˵ͷȻĻص֪ʦҪĴһȴһ߲߻ħħԱ豦֡ɱеɮˣĹȫʧر֪ģǲ֪ô
һ䣬ҫ˶ˣе㻳ǲ֮ǰҶĸɵˣ¿Ļ˵óϸһ룬ƺʲô
껣ô֪һеģҫʵ
ﴫΪһ鱨ǴϢӦòôˣǵıӡӺףɵ˵
û飬ʵˣҫ΢΢һЦ껵ļ򣬿ڵ漴ֿһ١
˴ӸԵп˱˴˵뷨˵뷨һ£а۸ԼжģԼϢڶԸʮ󳬼ʱȥģҲаһ֧
һ⣬Ǿߡҫһָڵ
ʰɣ֪Ҷ㡣껵˵ͷڻص
ħѱңôΪһҵ¼ңһʲôҫ˵˫Ŀɢһ˵ľ⣬껡
һ漴Цгһ֮ɫ̾һЦ¼ûԣΪǱаĸ
껻һ䣬һԵٽü˫˳´һҪֵļ󣬼Ȼ¼ҲаһôҰҫ˵ĺˡ
ɾǶҪ֮ʣҫȴǰ˰֣Ȼѹˣаĸ־Ȼൽ־˵ĵزµСʥһ֣¼Ϊ֧֣־һףŪˣ껣߰ɣ
΢΢һ㶣ɫĿҫڵҫȻѾ֪¼аĸͲϹô
ҫһָָϵʬ壬΢ЦԼϹûô
ңüʵ
Ұ㵱ѣҵѲẦҵģοո˵˸ǣ͸ֵȥˡҫЦ֮ɫ껵ļ򣬿ڵ
һ㶣漴ҡͷЦҫתʱְ뿪Цʽ˵ҫû˵أ
ôѾǸˣҫͷҲص˵
ôһ仰˲ƵƵģºëը˾񱻳ûһƨڵϣҫıӰг˿־壬漴ַǳѵһĭ
ոһ˲䣬о˰ҫɱ⣬һƥǵɱ⣬ţԼ֮ǰû˵ֵĻôԻһǲ֣һŵɱõ֤
ҫҲʲôı飬ԹԵߵǰЦѾͷϴȥһȥͿˡ
һƲһۣڵУҪһȥ
ҫ˷ۣε˵βһа϶뻯ţͨ߶пΣյġ
ߣУҹͨ컹ͨأ֮ҾҪһȥ˵ˣСңԱҪ㻹δҵĶأ
˫ۻԴƲһԣһûļƣŪİҫЦãҲֻܳԴӦ
֮󣬰ҫߵǰлͨ˵ϴҸȥһ˶ֵŹɽҷԸȥԱ뱸ս״̬ҾаεĿ²ֻǶѣƻߣҲĶˣ֮ԲӦ䣬аҪ;ŵһΪֹ
ˣҲҪСľס򲻹ܣˣǵٲɫĵ˵ͷ˱˴֮£ٵ뷨ڵһʱҫȻٲԴǣĹػҫͷһů΢Цͷ
֮󣬹ٷŹɽͬʱ²ҶģҫǴ껣򶫺
˵ߣƾҪ˵ĻҪصĶ࣬ϾȥҰҫѾȥһµʱ䣬һа׼֮ĶԽΪһ˼֮ء
ҶһħΧķ죬ҶֻһؼеĴСϽ˳ҵľǡ
ľǳأ֦ҶȸҪӲȴ֦ͨҶǰᣬǴױƷ֮ѡԲŻᱻ˸Ҷ֮
ʱ˿̵Ҷԭï֣ܵһƲƵãĿ֮꣬һٵȥͺ쫷ɨνһƬǽ塣
䣡
ͻȻҶ֮дһĺֵĴһƬľ֦һ汻һ꺺סֱʡ
˷ϰ֮ߵ֮꺺ӽݺ˦棬ߺ޷֮صڵϣҳһӡ
꺺ӽ˦ڵ֮󣬴ĿӣЦͽṦҽ̵ģôܿĹңΪʦھ㣬ȥ֮Ϊʦ
꺺һﻰ䣬һ˳Ƹ˫ȭͬʱǿҵĺХҪ˵ĶĤ˵ȭѹҪͻϣĿǴӡ
ǱŸո֧ӣ۳꺺Ϯȴûʱȥܣֻܱ˫۵ȴ١
ϻ쵰ҶһëҪһȴ𣬺䣬һò绨ŮӣŭķɳԼ꺺ӣ̲ҵľʱ֮һӴܳŮǰ
СãͶɣûӮĿܣ


ʮ һ壡뼰ʱ꣡
ҹ
ŮӼҧź˵ôһ䣬겻ãһûŮӵķըҲһ̧ƿȿ籩ֿ꣬ƾˣÿһŶд֮ʱӰɽһ㣬ѹꡣ
@ȡ죡
ۼŮӷҲҡͷ̾Ϣͬһ̧Ӱ֮Ƶ֮ͣŮӻҪʤһҷǳ˼ǣȷŮӵȷͬ⾳˵ȷʦͬš
@ȡף
һһŮԭضȷ˲ʱǰһƬӰ׷ɣ˫ÿһӰײһ죬Ǻֻգ֮䣬һ쳹ͣһʱ䶷ذѽѷ֡
@ȣսһĿұ죬ҵĵȭΪһ崫˵˵ĺᣬŮ׽ս֮
˵ǵѪаһܣӵе츳ڹķѧʽ򾳽ʱ򣬶ȳɡͨһ궼ϲһЧ
Ҳһ˲űһڶ֮нǾ֮ͬʱһҲԷΪսԯĺᣬҴѧԯԶŴԯƵǧ˿ƵĹϵӶԷԯƵ۵ĺᣬҲû˵ʲôǡ
֮һõһս񵺣ǵõħŵΪ֮һӴһ𶫺޲乧мӣǫ
Ůһ콾Σ״磬塣ؿǰʱΪӪͬд֣κԼ״磬ΪԼĴȻͶаҵΪ
ԼļټаչΧħжֱ֮μΪټסȥ·谭ˣŭϼŭҲ֡
ôҲϵ빦ϵĲ࣬Ĵ壬ûãͷѾһϸܵĺ飬ʼü
ʢһĵһ֣ʵˣһĵһ־ǰǾ塣
СãҸ˵жʱҪƽܴﵽϢģͣº󾢲ȱǸĲˡһʩչȷһ޼ɵεУú߸ӵķŭ
ұ죡
ŭһһ̤أһ죬˷գֻ±һɺ˵ϵ̧ϥǽǰ˲䵯߳һǰԵ׵У׺ƥǾޱȡ
ԯʮ죡
@ȡɽŭ
СãִԲ̫ʧˣ
ۼ߳Ǿ춯ذһȣ͵һ˫Ŀһŭ籩һңͬһɺ˵ϵ
屬ϵɫͱǿһֻ࣬һȭ˳ƺǿľϵĴžֱ죬ƻֺ꣬ƾˣһȭֱεĽصĺһ
ԯʮ죡
ȭ죡
䣡
һ죬͵һѪһȭ죬ڶȭŽӴһ˲䣬˴˵羢Ϯķǧ߷Ҵܣ֮ܵܵľһƬƼ产ˡ
֮󣬼̵ϥٴοѪ֮ǰһȭˣƻСȻĿ˵СãһλᣬͶͶ
ޣ׼ٽСã㲻ҵĴ磬ӽұУ³һѪ̵ݺݵĵ壬ҧгݵ˵
峤̾һ΢΢ҡͷҡͷ֮Զ͵ıһߴʮ׵ĳε纣һ㽫ܵľƵڵء
֮ǰ彻սʱȻӪе꣬ʱһĻ˶ˣһӣ·˷Ƶĺųǰ۽ǻһ˿ˮ
˭ŭ˭ˮ˽˾պ㣬˾պڴɿʱѾʶˣħ쳣ŽᣬŵҲ໥ãһ֮ԻϲԩҾôʶ
Ƣţ˾պûٴεüͷʹҲͬˣҲûٰεᣬ۶ôô򣬶벻һʵ
ǾǶжű˴˵ĴڣֻԸʹȻֲѣ˵ԼԼˣֻһ˾պĪԼҲͬĵͽӡ
ۼ˾պػԼȴ쳣ľܣôܲأֻǣˣҪԷȴûôס
СãֺαΪһ˴أ
̾Ϣһһһסȥ·ķͷɢŭһ̧һƺš
һͬ˳һƺ˫һԣ绡䣬ռԼߣΪߣθӲĸ˻ȥס֮ʱĳԳ䶨֮ǰ꺺ӣߡ
ʱ꺺ӵı鲢ûϲ֮ɫüͷ֮ɫ忴һۣʵϣʲôô
꺺ӿһۣûл
һ嶼һü񣬶üһ˲䣬һĲӰ˵С
ӰƮ޶ƶʱһֻ˯ĸоӰʧ֮һ˯˾պ㣬εߡ
һˣжʱήҲ˾պʱиһͬʱҲ۵ĺܣϽӹ˾պ֮󣬸æ˹Ϊˡ
ܲѣѾѡˡ忴һ꣬Цĵһţܲѡ
ܲѿʵĵһţһУʵܲѵ츳һ㣬ε˲һﲻֹƫƫǰһйϵĵǿߣ֮ϵ˷ֱǻС
ǣ˵ʵܲѵʵʵڰһĵһָУһʵ֡Ρ˾պ뻨綼ܸоܲѵǿ
֮ܲһֱλеûȥȡһڶͷΪ鷳һû˯ʵڣмΪ֮
Ⲣ˶ʵϿɣΪеǰ壬ܲѴΣνǲҰճߵİķʵǷ޲ߵĸо
ܲѵĳֻǼʱ꣬һĻô˾պ¾Ҫһ̲ˣЦܲѱֵĺܵȻһ۶Է󣬿ڵ壬ѾѡأѡĶô
һü⣬ɫ֪Լʲô㣬ʱգܲѣûӮĿܡ
䣬һֱܲѶȥҲǼ죬缲ƿգۼܲѵǰ
һӣ˫һ˫ȭݺύÿһȭż产˵ϵȭˣƿͣÿһȭдź˵ı֮ȭӰ籩һܲѡ
ԯʮĲ죡
ȭ
ۼɽͻ񹥶ܲҲҴ⣬˫ȭֻͬľ쳣һĸоֻȴǷǳĽţǹѹȸļ¸ǰδеǿҡ
תһ
Oֵۻȭ
˫Ӵһǣ˵Ŷȭͷ֮ÿһײƵƵɢоԼÿθܲѶȭʱ޻ƵģжȥĿն쳣ܣܲѵȭȴʱ޿̵š
ȭȭĽսţʱϣЦΣҲ˶ԷľٶֱҧΪ˾պ˹ˣղȥϡ
ʱϻû߳һǳͻأĳߣʶֹס˲ǰҫ
ٸǰһҪ


ʮ նɱϣʵҪԼ
Եеңǳͻأĸ֪ԲֻҪ˽ӽ֪ܲΪǿĸҲҪǲɱġ
ûиоκεϢڣҪôǸ˺ǿǿĲ˼飬˼飬ҪôǧﴫԼԶľдһ㶼֤һ飬Էǿǿ˺ܶܶࡣ
η󱲣ͷ¶βʲôúֱңŭһ¹˲ԶڼսܲѶˣֻǰ˾պˣµȷûж˴ڡ
ϼһڸ·ߣһǴ˸ԶԶһϢʱ俼ǣϢ֮ҪǻǰۣҾ͵ѡڶˡ
ٴγϵԺУ־ŭƵɨܣܳһƬǽĶ֦Լǰ⣬ûе˵ĴڣĪһֻֿŵĸо
ʱ䵽ȥˣ
ûãٴһ˲䣬϶ûعͻȻоһ˫ϥʶ²ûڵϣʱֻоԼϿһɽޱȣѵ̧ͷʱһڶ΢Цͣꡣ
񣬿ʲֻ˫ָ΢΢£ЦеĿ˵ϼһĸ֪湻ģͷô㶼ûз֣㵽ǲǳ񾳰
ˣСϷǰƤǲɣһŭȣһһɼǿҪɡ국Цҡͷһշ㿪ϵ
֮󣬾׿⣬Ҳƣ˦һƸպһСɽСĳӡ
ơɽ
ӡȥƼ죬գۼϵıѲԶʱûлعΣͣıԶƤʹͷʼսĺۼ
СõȻ͵ϮϷ򣡡
һŭȣһתӡ˹˫ͬʱǼǳӡıӡɢʵأȴǱӡӲŸ˻ȥӡ͸ɢˡ
ʱз࣬ǰĳӡβƣʮɹûҲֻܵƵ֮ٽɢˣֻһԼͻټģʵǵòʧ
˵ʱʱ죬ӡϱֱƳʮ֮Զþ̵ŽɢɾϽӡһ̣Ĺֵˡ
̫ˣ쵽·˲һǰ߱һǰЦҪĳ񾳣ҵ͵ϮôոǳеؼģӦʹɣ
Ļո˵̧꣬־һƵݺݵϵţƵǴżҵĵâµģͣԵףҪʵˣϱɡ
ϱϾλйĳְ֮˾պҵʦȻոճ˲СƿӦɿ磬ֻһ࣬ҪһķӦҲƵ΢΢һƫصϵļ֮ϡ
һʵڣֱϵǣ۵죬һϣȴҲԣֻҧǿžʹ껹δüջƵ֮ʣ˳һȭݺݵغ֮ϡ
ֻǵϺһȭ֮󣬶ʱĿɿڴһȭ׼ȷĺ꣬Լľȴһ˲ڱ껯˸ɸɾβ棬쳣ľ
жӲ°׹ɣͬҲǳ񾳶еؼأȥˡ
һ䣬һһ׵âɨϵĲһӣϸоԼתеߺҵߵһͷ£Լ壬֮£ͷ­
Ʋһ۵صͷʬ壬ԼԶϵĶͷһ˵һʵʵǾ磬ҩǿֱǲ֪νϼһϣ±ܴ㣬ʵҪԼʵ
껰һ䣬ͷΪ˾պ˵ΣĿɿڴľ֮ɫμѵһĭͰ͵˵ףףס
ףףףʲôףһ಻ʶǰҫүضлľ֮˾պָ˲٣ήҵĺܣʱ˾պ̧ͷ꣬΢΢һЦڵ
ǰǰҫ껷ɿնУŲһʱյ˶֮ϣ֮󣬳ǰһս׷ɵĳ
Ưֵʬ壬ǰĺˮȫȾ죬ֻҪ۾ܿõĵ죬ǻ죬ҽÿһ֮϶໥ƴɱ
ĺײʱĲҽ֯һƬëȻҫоǰĶԲǶ˼Ѫ
ҫ˿ĳ֮󣬽ޱȣ˲ûĴԮǶǰսֲŲʣֱӳħȥ
ǲǲܣǲܹܣԼΪǰľȥħϵľƣǾСʧˣֻܶ޶á
֮󣬰ҫȫʩչ򷨟oĵڶƪ鶯ķƪ񾳵Ϊ鶯ķƪĸǷΧѾﵽǧ׵ľ˾룬Ҳ˵ܰ뾶ǧڵһҫָƣһֻóɹҲᱻ
Ҳˣһ·ϣҫ˷˱ΧڿֵˣԸǰȥӪȣҫֲִҲֻܴӦ
һͬ£ҫֱħȥڽӽħַ֮˾պ㡢Ρܲˣżʱϵɱйϣ˾պ㡣
ؿǰҫһ˾պ㣬΢΢һЦڵүүĽУֱŤģǰҰҫͿˡ
˵꣬ҫָһһƻä˾պֻеһɾޱȵĴ뵽ԼڣɴȻֻбһ˿ȴ侫ʱ䣬˾պ״̬Ѿָ߰˰ˡ
㣬㵽ˣ˾պ־ϲתͷҫҫʼ磬ЦϻȻĻһô׵Ŀϼһͷ𣬿±ն׵Ļңǰͦôôɵ
˾պһ㶣漴Цͣ뵱ҫʵȣҲͲಮٶѣɲһʱ䣬ԼѾȫĽŲˣ츳֮⡣
û˰ɣιĵһ䣬˾պ𣬺΢΢һЦ˵ͷһ˫ˮΣڵţΪҿôϡ氡ԭҲ޵ģ죬ٿһθүƣ
νϹĲ˶ϰ˾պһھͱ¶Լıԣϸߣֱۼס˾պĲһ׺˾պеͷ˫ֿŵĺһӶҲ׺ݵЦݣڵûа
ҫһֺǺǵĿŶ˴֣оǶ˻ӣһ㶼û䣬ͻȻһ˶˵Ĵ֣ҫҲתͷķ
ֻܲٿշˣҲһѪ漴ٿŤתһԻõĲӰƮƮڵ֮ϣȥǵѪ֮Ц壬ʲôʱôûˣΪӮңȻֵҩԼΪҿġ
Զ̤գһһ߻˵ֻҪӮ㣬κֶҶϣܲѣ˭ӣͨͨ
ܲһЦ˳漴ָָҫڵڣ㲻ɱǵġ
ǺˣҵĶôĿ˰ҫһۣг˲м֮ɫʶҫȻ
廰һ䣬˾պ㻥һۣ漴ôЦЦЦŭˣŭĿӣ˾պָ壬ЦĶ֣ûʸֲŶ԰
ʱҫЦеǰһ忪ڵһҩΪı콾ǲ


ʮһ 壡йһ
ҫĻƽȻѾͶаߣǣ˵ǲȥڮٵģҫĻĴ̼ǣ̧һӣһɼǿľɨҫ
ҫȻᱻˣʵȴǰҫһɾɨԼ׶Զʱƺܵʲô谭˲ɢΡ
ۼһĻĳ֣˶ˣƺʶʲôвһ֮⣬ҫԴЦûԷҩʵĵҲô
һ䣬ҫǰһһֻоΧĻҫˣֻһԵ˾պ㶼ĴΨܲȴɱŵ΢ЦҲŰҫƶ
ҫһֱʮ׵ľ룬ֱӳǰ߱һʶĺһƣƾд׵֮׺һ˰ҫ֮ϣʱ裬һ룬绡ɢβ棬֮ɫĿҫ
֪ôҩĳ񾳣շ⣬ûг񾳶еؼ֮ǰнģнأûڣӮҸǳ˵Ρ
Ҫ˵񾳵ؼշֻؼֻҪǳ񾳼ᣬҲֻԼжӱûеϵ谭ѡ
˫ʱؼ˾Եã벽Ľϣƶ£ûе񾳵ĸûԤжԷжΪ϶ԷٶȣӾϵƫֻ㱻
˵أǽ壬뵽֮УʹԷĹȻȻתƵ֮УܶԷһκγµĹĳ˵ͬһ㣬ܹ˿в
԰ҫĻǿ̸Ȼҩ֮ǿԵͻƵ˳񾳣Ͼĳ񾳣񾳵ؼֻշУؼò
һĹ򲻶ҫ˵ĿԶûУΪĹҫȫתƵ֮УⷽȥܣԼܵʵ˺һɶûС
ҫأڻ̧֮־һ֮ϣ˳ȥҫŲѴĶȳգֵ֮ǰЦոǸϼһﰤУԴңܰа
ʱһǾ˾պ˵ûǰҫ䲻֣ԼûʸȥĶ֣ҫʵĳ񾳣ǿҩӲģ֮Ĳж󣬿ҫϵսѾˡ
Ȼ㣬ɲ䣬ҪԴиͲܣǣڰҫµһ̣ηɴգ漴˫ֽӡֱָգжʱէ֣һˮͰֱºϡ
֮ȴûܵκεƣԵ䲻ԯʮϵģ֮Ϊã֮ӳڶʱｫĹʣһַǳɹ۵ĵز
ϢĹͷȣƮ˫Ŀ֣һ׾ȫ汬׾쳹أһâŵ棬Ƽ֮ˡ
ԯʮ죡
ҫ̧ͷһ壬ЦƵþˣɣ
ͷҫŭգҧгݵŭ˫Ŀ漴οʼתÿתƽԻһ֣ڲϵת£빦ڷۡ
ĹѾ۵Լ޷ܵĵزȻǲ²죬ֻ˫ͬʱڵһ㣬ֱĺҫһףԵƥޱȣһԵ˾պ㶼Ϊ֮һϡ
@ռɱСף
ܺãһвǿУҫз˫ۣЦ߬һһţһɴ͵ıת˲гһų漴˦һӣеĻ׷˳ȥ˵Ļ𾢻һֱĹ켣ֱɱжȥ
С
Ȼһ֮ſȥСɵĻȴڣ羢ȫɣͬʱҲȫÿһ缡ǣ˵ķǽɳϰ֮Զ;֪ײ˶ľӲײһֱͨҫһС峹ײҰܡ
屻ԼɣҫһһߣѾ֮ɫ̱ڵһҪӻתҫΪء
ڰҫ֮ܲѣΣ˾պҲ߶ۼޱȵ壬нһҫһŨŨľ֮ɫ
֪ҫѾúǿˣǲ֪ҫȻǿزͬйȥһһˣʵ㹻̾Ϊֹˡ
ȻӲ߳ɹµСĵҪ֮ǰǸ϶ϲأ츳дﵽ񾳣ƫҪҩ˸ھͱҵС˽ȬҲԵɴһ̰ɣҫЦе壬˵ʱû֣˵ܣֻ¶һ־ֵ񣬿ҫ
ôһ˵һ죬ֹԵ˾պ㿴ķ̾˿ڵҫ˰ɣҲѾˣһ˵ӽ޷һ̵ˣɱ벻ɱҲûʲôֱģһСɣ
ۼ˾պ˵Լ˵ڵĻһů˾պһۣам֮⣬ȻѾѱ齵аɱϾһ𳤴ãĿڰҫϣĲ̵ġ
ҫԻعͷȥһ˾պ㣬ֿһΣζһЦ˵ͷڻصȻΪ飬ҪģˣһСˣҪǻ´ΣҿɲֻҪô򵥵Ŷ
˾պ̾˿ʼ磬ȭһ񣬿ڵǾͶл
ҫ˰֣Цôɲķ񰡣㣬ܲѣҲǳ񾳰ɣҴͳ֣ҪһŶ
ҫܲѵʱ򣬺߾Ȼվ˯ˣҫƤܲȻĶ˶ץסܲѵ˫ҡţϸǴ˵㲻һʼ˯˰ɣѣѣҪ˵°ͲղӢһ𣡡
ڰҫƴҡ֮£ܲѵƤһ϶˯Ŀ˰ҫһۣڵ֪ˣǷһǰɣһỹģֱҲһġ
˵۾һգɰҫҡΣûһ˯ȥļƣҫ˷ۿһͬε˾պΣû˵ǸŻУ˯ѣ˯ѡˣˣ˵˵ڵľưɣ
˾պ΢΢ҡͷڵֹۣܲ׼ҵΧڽħⷽԲѣеĸ켸ȫݣңаԼĴ˰׼һֲ᧿Σ
ҫ˵ͷЦ·ҿڿ֣˶ѱ˰׼ңЩһǴһհ
ǺǣҪһħԴϹ֮󣬾һֻڴЩһЩһĸֱͶɢЩϼһѾĴԹˣεķֻ˵ǰѻѾõԹɣЩһܹ׹Ĳٶ֪ͼ˵׼ô֮£Ȼͬۡ˾պЦȻ
ҫ΢΢һЦļ򣬿ڵõѡ񣬷򣬻Ҫǳ֣ҿɲ뿴Ļ档
˾պʼ磬΢΢һЦҲû˵ʲôڰҫ֮ʣնʱһƬҰԭգһӳƸǶԶһ죬·Ҫ˵ķ飬촫ķħλá


ʮ ħսϵأ
ھһ̣ҫüͷܲȻۣ˲һԣֱնȥ˾պζһ۵˵ͷһɴң֦Ҷŵ㣬Ҳ첻κε谭
ҫܲп촫ķʱǰĶһĻ˽ǵһг˾֮ɫ˾պҲ֮ͬɫ
ʱյĿɲֹǰҫܲѶ˶ѣܵĵлٶһ񾳷⵱еϢǿʢеήң˵ĿⶼһطǾħ
ħһߴɿⱾӰ֮ϣӰϻһʵεɫףһħٰ𺳸УӰĶ棬ͬҲһӰ
ӰһַǳĸоɢһֵĻɫ棬ֻ沢ûиһֳҵĸо¶һǿҵ֮·֮˲
Ӱ̬죬˴˶öûгֵļ󣬲Ҳʮ㣬һֱйעţжǳܹӰĸ֣Ȼ֮ͨ۷֣ĶսǾԲܴ
ϣӰûãʼչսǵĹʽǳļֱӣǾⲫֱȭͷжԺ䣬ȥЩоåŹƺûʲôر֮ûо춯صƣûпֲЩ񾳴ʧ
епŵп֣ս񾳸ֵԵƽ棬ԼսҪǰıӰҪʣгߵоͽȻͬˡ
ҫüͷǰӰսʵȻܿһЩŵӰȻʽõǳĹʽûһȭܵĿռһַǳ΢Ķڿռ䶶һ˲䣬ΧĻԼһַǳŤС
ҫܹҪǵĹԼϣǲ߶Լ̾ͻᱻһѳΪӰĹֻǿȥͨѣʵǵÿһιкܴС
ʵǵĹ԰ζ𵴴ģڰҫŻῴֹŤУΪ𵴵ͬʱܵĿռ䶼ܲסǣ˹ȥʵ˵ǿ߰뻯һ㶼ᱻɷĩ
Ͼϰε𵴣ѾǿռܳܵˣֱӽռƵĴ飬Ӱʲôİ취ӹܵĿռ䣬ĻǵĹռͱˣµħ͸ˣֻ˫ƴĵһȭʱԳܲסǹɿֲ֮ҷˡ
ôƵʵ𵴣ôģû´ĻӰһӦǵģʱҵʣ˵ҵʵһҫͷ˼һߣ֮ĹͬԼøǿοһټҪ֧ţʵȻҪԽǿԽá
ӰսеõʲôĻôȰɲأֲսѾΪܿ͸ģ˷ʱ䣬һҲﵽΪȻҲˡһԵܲѿ˰ҫ룬Ц
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ܲһۣЦԭҲв˯ʱ˵ĶԣڵȷǿʱǻȥħסƲС
ܲѵ˵ͷͬʱ½ص棬ȥʱвٳ񾳸ֵĿ⣬ǶˣЩûж˵ʲôȫҶ
ҫص֮󣬷ֳֹ˾պζˣ껡ڿҲ˹ҫ΢΢һЦߣʵûʲô°ɣ
΢΢һЦҡҡͷڵҩ񾳵ĸ֣ҷˣҲоհɣ
ȷоգʱϵڿֿ׶༪ˣԵõҩĳǿߣǶľΪûԷһ˴УҪ֮ģϵʱ򣬾ȻĿֻʬˡ
ǸˣչֳʵڿֶľѣֻǼöѣͽα񾳷֫䳹״У֪ǰҫǶʱ˽겻ѡ
֣ڿҫе֮⣬е㲻̫ӰҫƣԼǾͷʬ壬ѾԶ϶ҫҲﵽ˳񾳵Ϊһֻʵĳ񾳣ҫԵһ̣Цͣ
֮ʣļֻع񶨾һǰҫЦеĿڵ֣ôỹȥ°ɣȥôˣҶɾˣ㻹ǵôҰҫ뽻ѣôͲ氡
΢΢һ㶣漴ҡͷЦѵõ˵һЦ׼үҵѣô̧أһҪģҾ͸һ
ҫ˷ۣ͹ţ˵˲ҪүүĽңЩһǴĶƵģ𣡡
ԽǹЦҫǰҫȻ׼үѾʵʼӲˣôļӲҪңκ˶ûмӣֻҪΪѵĽǶϲ˻ϲ˻Ϊ㣬ֻӵᡣ
Թ˼ֳ֮ʵĳ񾳴ڣҫܲѣԲҲΡ˾պ֣ڿΪ͵һŴﵽ֮ĳ̶ȣʵҲСĶʵ൱Ŀɹۡ
ҫ˷𣬽ס˾պˣǿԸԼͬʱУҲǳ񾳵һСֶΣ񾳶ĿƣﵽԷˮǰȻ˷Ҳʲô̫ѵ¡
ɾ˷֮ǰʮ񾳸ѹʱΧסһɱڵģȻҪ԰ҫɱ֮졣
ҫǰȺԼĳ񾳸ǣƲƲ죬껵ЦʲôҩôͣҪôȥĻ³񾳶Ҫɴײ˿
ƼڶʱڽľΪһΣʱЧǰʱüСҩȴǳϡУҲ൱ķвرըٵƷˡ껳̾һɬ˵Ƽĵ֮ȴǳΪŰ֮кܲܡ
ҫһ㶣漴΢΢һЦʵ֪ô
ԱԽΣصƵġ
껵Ļ֮󣬰ҫЦݸˣ΢΢ͷⷬٶǰ˶ˣ껸ǲԣΪҫǨŭԼ˭֪ҫŭЦ治֪ҫ«ﵽʲôҩ
ҫ«ʲôҩֳ³ԼֻϬˣҫ뷨ǰԼһʦڣôδİ˲칬ﵽһĵز
ǵ˭ǰҫһȺзɳһ꣬ɨ˰ҫһۣм֮ɫڵ
ֻԴҧŲݱ꣬һŰ֮ҲۣҫĶһģҫҲͷ֪ʲô굱ɿһߣҫûҲȻ£ԹԵ졣
ģһˣ˭ǰҫңɡҫûԼ˵ŭ𣬶򵨱̧һɨһǿľֱҫɨȥ
⣬Ϊҫ˻ᱻԼ˵ʱΧذҫ˵ڶУü̾Ϣ겻
ʵҲȷˣľɨûɨаҫˣҫһβָɨޣҫһоеĴ󽣣ɵĻľ硣
ҽâʵڻľ֮ȥƲ缲ƿգѸײڶ֮ƽԴ˸Դɴ˫ۣ˫֮ͫɫ˳ķݣֱ׹档
ɵĹɻǹҲǻɶѣ鷳ǳһ˵


ʮ ϡС࣡Ըͬ
ҫһɱ꣬ǰԼĳ񾳶ˣе̸ЦɱˣɰҫЦ̸ֱӳɱˣ˲ֲĴڣ
Ϊû֪ҫʲôһ뻹ڸ̸Цһֱɱ㣬еǷΪδֲ֪ҫǰѺ仰ӵ쾡£˵ĪһëȻĸо
ҫĻոµһ̣Ʒ֮һϣߴϿйϡ֮꣬Сһͷ߰׵㷢˿ϷԣȻòѵĺ֮꣬һ˫˫ͫһز¶ĸо
һ٣񣬽üĿͦò信ʣ峤ֳۣһȣǵȻ΢Ц˶ĵһӡøдֻͷ෢ʱеЩ
һ꣬꺺ӻ߰˳ߣŨüۣٸˣ˷·һ㣬ǿǾ͸һְ©ĸоļϻһһɶ೤߶·ŰһСľ޵Ƹٱ
վҫһ΢Ц֪մ
ǺǣǾҽܰɣҽƷ壡ҡֽȣЦ
޷߿ڻصͳ˻ƣ·Ħһ㣬һּܵĸо
ŷͥ׳Ļص˫ͫȻ⣬絶ֱĶŰҫ
ҫȻһЦһ˫˫Ŀ˵ɣԽǹʸ˵
һ䣬ҫ˫һָڿۣĸָıֱ˵ɫâָⱬֱӰ˸ͬķλŸԵĹ켣Ϯˣâƿգ缲磬Ƽ侪ˡ
񽣡˽뷢
ʽԿΪâƥ켣ƮѲ⣬ѰּѵâǰˣȻʲôѰ֣Ƕǻʵĳ񾳣ҩླġ
ƷĴ󡢴ǶȶѰѸףǰƷķţ˫ŸԵĹ켣˷ʤ
ۼ˫ϮƷЦ֮ɫֽһӶһɼᾢ磬âжһߣ½ǶûԲ֪ȥ
޷Ե̶âԸΪƥȥƱֱȴ磬գ֮ѵ޷ǰ
߲ŲæŤת缱ת֮µݣһ罫âǣסζס֮âѱ˦棬ͬû˵֡
޷ƷâŷͥĽâǶֱǴ̡ٳĽ
ļֱײֱϮŷͥϵĸҪѨâ쳣ǰҫģΪ֮ǿôܲҫĹעء
ŷͥüϵľ޵˳ƺɨ˵ĵŭһ㣬Ͳɵĵâ䵶ɨ֮˲仯ΪУΨƥȴɱƫ˹켣ļɨһѪۡ
ŷͥһۼϵѪۣ˿ڲֻǻƤⶼûŷͥ˶˿˲ϡ
ٴοҫʱһ˫ɺһͷ˶ɵޣϵûɲˣ߷ҫ˶һ
ҫŷͥ˵ģзѪ֢һܵˣͻῪʼ񱩻Ϊһͷֻ֪ɱ¾ķޣοŪɷ׾ŶƷҡֽȣŵЦ֮ɫ¶һϷʵҫ
ɱ
ƷĻ֮ʣŷͥһȣ֮ɫֳ־޵ֱҫȥ֮죬գۼԳ嵽ҫǰֻ޵ֱ£һƼԵͺˣԷѵ֮ҫ顣
𹦡Ʒɽʯ
ţһͷҫһһƱھ޵ĵ֮ϣһǧ֮أŷͥĵ俪һߣξʧȻħ״̬ɶ԰ҫľеľѡ
˵ʱʱ죬ҫһſŷͥľ޵ֿ֮磬ŷͥδ֮ʣֱϮţһҺŷͥͷĿѣڱǴѪ쳣Ǳ
ҫƲˣһأŷͥĸ漴˫һŲ˲ͣǵķΧֲﵽٶ׵ĳ̶ȣǰеĳżڡ
ҫͻһУһֲ˵ľ磬쫷һ㣬ʮ񾳺ݺ׷ɣ⵱л޷ƷˣҲû뵽ҫܱǿľ磬һʱҲûü׼һʱ䱻Ʒ˳ȥ
ʱҫǰȻʣճһƬȱڣҫҲ룬ѾͷܲѣߣϺ󣬷İɣҵʵ㹻סһᡣ
üҪȴҫֹߵ˾ܾż֮⣬ʾҪʱִ֣̾Ϣһ΢΢ͷ漴һ£˾պס漴缲ɶȥһԵܲҲζĿ˰ҫһۣĸȥ
ۼ˼ɶߣһסε޷Ʒһ㶣ǸҪǰȥصʱ򣬰ҫŲٴתԭųľ磬Ϊǿǣʮ񾳰޷Ʒڣȫǣҫȥ
˵ǿ뿪ô
ҫɭһЦԼʱŲ˲УͻȻһͣڳĳǶʱеΪܣ⼲ƶͻȻͣ٣ķѣʹڳЩ񾳣Ҳ綼ڷѪң˲ȴҲܡ
˻ûлع֮ʣҫ˫ֳɵһ쳣âһһƲòˣ纣һʱնҵĵâӳ죬ݺύ˿Ľп಻
죡
ҫһйļͻȻҵƸѸƥһӾӦӲϾâ׹뺣С
ʣЩ˴ҲǱʧ棬Ψ޷ŷͥƷԵֻ࣬ǰҫɹס޷ƷĽŲûӰˡ
ţܹʮα񾳣񾳣һսӮҶҪʷأҫչһ½ǣǽž죬ɨЦ
ʷǺǣܵģֻһǾƷ忴ҫ¶һֲѪЦݣ
ʵ⣬ҲˣĿֻаҫһ˶ѣҫκ鶼Ҫ£һʱ佫նɱҲˣҫǾԲԷŹġ
ǺƷ塢޷ŷͥ˵Ĵ£ʮͬʱΧҫԽѰָɵҫǵûп־֮⣬쳣˷ܣԼҪһʲôһ򵱹Īˡ
ʱܲ˾պ˼ٷħٶȶǼ죬ʹ˷жԵ࣬ͻȻһ٣ͣסǰ֮ơ
ôˣܲҲͣסΣʵ
գգĿ漴ָָ˾պ˿ڵһܴĶô
ܲѿ˿˾պˣ漴̾Ϣһڵȥɣ֪ģľƣʹȥˣҲ׶༪٣
˵ͷ΢Ц֪Ҳ£Ըͬô򵥡
ܲĬȻĵ˵ͷڻصһ˿ԣȥɣסǻ
Цеĵ˵ͷڵˣ
䣬ܲѽһ˾պס˵ͷǷһһתƿռɣٶȿզ࣬գۼʧӰ
˾պ㿴ңҿ㣬һԵеãȻжҫǼ񵽱ˣôһλԸͬļڣ򸴺󰡡
ˣҪӿٶˣϻħֱ֮ȥħĦ룬ҪȰҫҫʧܲѵͷ˵Խǵ˵ͷûͣĻûһ˻뿪ҫֵǲս


ʮ α֮
ʱؿҫߣʮΧҫƣôоҫʳųɣʵȴ෴սַǳԵһ浹ǵҫߵģҫΪǵجΡ
ʱյİҫɷյ°ɣ˵ڹķѱԪۺƥޱȣһָ죬ݰҫԼʹľҲֻҪʱܻظо׵ĳΡ
˵ѧʽѱҫ޳ɣÿһǶһĳǿʽƸͣԵѸݣŲβƣǿĵһ˫޼᲻ݡ
ټԽ¯İȣҫʽνǹһ壬·ܹأԶսһʵǿ
Ŷ̶̰ʱ䣬ҫֻƾԼһˣʮ񾳿޵ܽʽϵЩα񾳣ԴŸ֮࣬Ҳ˵˲еĲУҫһ˴ɾ
˲⣬ͬǳΪʲôҫƫƫǿô޷죬ԼĸɢƵãһ֮˵ʿ䡣
ʵҪҲܣҫ˵ǰ㣬ʵֻԼĲʵģ仰ɲʲô̸֮ԡ
ΪõҩӲĳ񾳱޷ڵĳȣ̶ٶϣʹв
ڳսʱʱصĳȡָЩαҲܣֻûڳյôѡ
ҪȽڳٶα񾳵ʮϣҲǾޱȣα񾳣߲
һǻָٶȣЩαֻԽԽήңԽԽڳԽԽУԴԴһֱ֪ƣսȥҲ˵α񾳴˳־սҵȵҩҩЧһǱԭΡ
Ȼǳ񾳵ؼαֻշУʵսԵؼġ롮ءһϲͨòǸͲؼİôʹó
Ҫ֪ⷽصľ綼ҪԼȥģ߲˰ĽݾЩ˳񾳵ΪǶԳ񾳵İǿǰ㶼֪
ΪǸû򵽳ڣ񾳵ֻɶѣĸãȻ޴룬֪ôȥãһ仰ݾJǹͷпã񾪵ĸֻӦڵĳ񾳿ɾֱж˵ˡ
Թҫ绢Ⱥһ֮֮ɨǰȺα񣬾ȣǴһʮϢĹα񾳸ֲϣһ˱һͷ­һ˱һƺ䴩ţ״֮ҡ
ҫɵģ˱㲻ԥķ׷ãճһطϻҫɱǾ͸ɱɱѼƵɣ˭ָȥͷ䣬Ҳôҵġ
һĻǰѰҫĲУָЩαƿڴȺɢûйˣ˳񾳵ͷӵϣҲǶۣ֪νӹ
Ҫ˵ҫ죬˿ֲ϶٣һɾʮϢĹûһ໰ظģЩαһֻ࣬Ҹطȥ
ǣܰҫʲô˽ǲǰ䣬ܱûҪã⵹Ǳҫ˵ˣǺûй
ľƷٲֵĻЩ˱ҫ¾Ҳǳ£ڸտʼҫ߹֮󣬾ֱվһȥˡ
ЩαǿƷʱҲεĳ̾һҡҡͷĿѲ޷ŷͥˣ΢΢ͷƷ嵭ȻһЦҫûڣҫǳ
ԾվװģҲ繻˰ɣЩϺзͷ䣬ǻ治һôܹҵ鷳ؼҺȥɣ
ҫʱƷˣȻסˣߵ޷ŷͥû㶣˶ʲôƢôܱҫ˻޶ԣڰҫ֮ʣһ㣬ҫ
СҲ̫ˣϷվͺúýôˡ޷Ƥһ˻ҫôܲ죬ŷͥһ˰ҫǰ
ֻ޷̧һƺǸɿݵƼдһɼ˵纮ƾޱȣаɭɭֱϮҫŶȥҫһü⣬˳ƺһ޷Ӳƴһǡ
˫ĽӴһ˲䣬һӿɨķҫ޷Ե𿪣ʮײסΡ
ҫ˿ԼƣֻεһƬһ㱡Ķ˪ҫһ߬˲仯ϵĶ˪漴̧ͷ޷Цڤƣϼһʲô˰
ϷһɲŵĵӶѣվΪҵͽѩޡ޷ŭĿԲݺݵĶŰҫţҧгݵ˵
ǰ˵ʦ⵹еҫϣֻҲϸʱ޷֮ŷͥɱ
ŷͥտʼʱڰҫϳ˸ƿаҫһǻƣֱŲƽѪ壬˵ǳʦڰҫսʮα񾳵ʱǰƸѹսҫνڣҪһѩǰܡ
ģȴûҫǿǿڹģʵս֮ǰӳĻֻǱɽһǶѣŷ֮ͥһɨҫĲ
һͣ磬ڰҫ˫ͫУȴ˿вֻһת𾢱Ťת۳һ磬ŷͥһھҫ֮ʱ޷֮⡣
ơͰ
԰ҫǿķأŷ֮ͥ£ŭһһתٵͿ಻ʱ쵶Ӱ䣬纣һĵƣҫǰе·ȫҪٷʬ
𹦡Ʒɽ
ۼǵصѹҫȻһЦȻطֻͣסת֮ƣұ˳ǰ̽һлŴӿĻ۳ŷͥƵķ϶ֱŶȥ
ŷͥ˸ֲŵصؽ߽ɢֻһʱæңǱ쳣ɾոսɢ֮ʣҫĺˡ
֮ǰ𹥣ڷپ۾ʱԲˣ˳һâŷͥŶݺݵȥ
һļѸͣŷֻͥоĳҵ漸Ҫ˿ʱҪٵӲŷֻͥܽõ£Ҫ
գǺգŷͥǧһ֮ʣоյĶһâıɨǿ׺Ļ𾢣ûëսˣ龪һ
ֻǶùһ㲻ʮ壬ҫһУһŤһɨߺŷͥĺ󲱾һŷͥǶ㲻ȥˣʵʵİһţ׵ϴľʹŷͥҺ
ҫһе֣ƲͣȼҡڣһնŷͥǾ޴֮ϣʱѪɽתۼ䣬ŷͥҺͣҫߵѳɡ
ȡ߳ư
ۼŷͥڰҫԭԶٵ޷̲סˣֱҫȥ죬˱죬Ʒ塣
Ʒһɺ˵֮ڣ纬д֮簵ش֮˫գۼҫͷ֮ϣ˫ְסҫļ򣬾һȻҫӲĸ˦˳ȥ
ذ
ҫ˦֮֮ɫס֮󣬿ƷЦز¶һͦ
Ʒ̧֓ŷͥļ֮ϣ룬ƣ֮ҡڣЦлҫ̧ˣʵҫȣֵһᰡ
ҫһü⣬뿪֮һƷһٻӰӭ䣬ҫߣҫһʱţûĿһۣ
Ҳ˵
˵ʲôҫ磬ˣҶˣ㻹֮ܺ߰ҾҪһʱ޿̵һ䲻ҵŶ
ҫһЦԴӦôһ仰д˼飬򸴺أ


ʮ ѪȾգ
ĳֵǳϵĺܣҲʲôɵӣ֪ĻʱΪʲôҫǺܿ˴˼ĸѵĵز
һɾ°Ҫ̸˵²̫ʰɣƷҡֽȣһŵ΢Цڵ
ɷ羰Сģᣡ
⻰ǳ԰ҫ֮ڣ˵ģҫƷ˶ˣ⻰ǰҫ˵ģ⻹ǳĿУԵеˣΪ⻰ͦүǡ
ʱһâƿնּƷüģƷ˫ĿһɣâһöͨͨİöĲ˼飬رܣԶ壬ΪķӦϣֻĿöԼüġ
ʱһŭȣǿ֮£ǼöٶȣƷ˳ƺպñܿöպôĶǰɨûȡôΣʱ뵽İ취ƽ⣬Ʒ廹治ʲôʡ͵ĵơ
ƷǾһ亹Ͳôһ˲䣬һӵʱ䶼ķӦҪһ㣬¾ҪκϺˣڣĶͷʹѪ£üĵƤոձöһӡ
ʱٿұ̧𣬶Լе㲻Լ۾ǿİȻǳ֣ʵš
ţеĳ񾳶澪֮ɫǰǾоյŮȻӵֲİַ˲ò࣬ɰò£ħֶΣʵľĺܡ
ŶȥˣֻҫüһתͷƷ壬Це˵漴˫΢΢£ƿǰ׼ֵı׼ơ
һ¿ƷŵòᣬֽһϣĿ磬һԴļƣߵ޷ŷͥҲͬһʱֵļƣǲа֮ġ
ҫ磬Сң㣬ûɣǸ߸𣬿Ҳҫ΢Ц
ҫƲƲ죬СţԸһҿɻҪԸôأȺѽ
ѽٶҲֻǾҷôԸЩȫģ߶ЦĿҫ˵ʵڵģЦʵʤգİҫе㲻˼ֻܽԴƲһԣ˵ͷ
ЦݸˣЦתͷʱԱüЦôʼɣ
һ׵壬ֱƷˣİҫû棬˫ƽչָſ˫һɺ˵ľ絹أҫʱѾųɵĹƼ侪ˡ
ҹҫһȣ˫Ŀ⣬Ҫʼʩøտʼַαһֲ
ܵαǣһʱɫ䣬һӾף׷˹ֿǵĹΪԲҫҪֿ죬ʮûֿôǿҫȥ
ҫз˫ۣЦ˫һ䣬ָָ߽뷢âŸԵĹ켣ΧȺ
ҫߵâޱȣھҫ΢֮£һ֮󣬲ûɢһĿꡣ
ʱ䣬ߵâ䲻ͣâ裬ɷǺÿĿĻ֮£ľɱ¾â֮һŵѪѪȾľĶǡ
ߵâɢ֮󣬲ŽϢĹ򣬿Щҫʮαǣȴͨͨһ⣬ϳСһ㣬׷׹䡣
һĻǰʣµʮαǿĵսľһ˵Ťͷܣȫһ˿ԥӴܣǵаҫֲ̫ˣֲȫһ˿ĶԿ
һĻҲƷ˿нǵһԭҫ֮ǰսʱûн߾ȫôʱǷѾȫأ޴ӵ֪֪һ㣬ǰɫŮӣҲѾüޡ
ҫɱɱĺܿ죬̶ϢĹԽʮαɱ¾룬ٶͬҲ죬ֻǽսܲóĶ˻ʮ׵ʱֻ˫ںָһһգöѼָ֮䡣
Ʒ˼Ķһнŵĺܣлᰵ˲٣ֻҪ߼ôһ֣İ֣ȴǷǳϡ٣ͬҲ쳣ǿġ
Щֳ˽ս⣬սȺսǵǿոС¶һ֣İַ˸еһֵǷ켫֮ҪҪ潻֣ﻹûס
ؿǰһö·һŸԵĹ켣޷ٶ֮޷ȥ׽
޷üͷһ壬һа͸ηŤתεĴγһɺӿޱȣһɹľ硣
ʬŲƾ
޷Ҫƾİ뷨ʵǷǳ棬İʹǰҫԶҪȫԸİûб濴ȥô򵥡
˵ʱʱ죬öգۼѵ޷ǰҪ޷ʱöͻȻųһߣһޣ˳޷һһ޷㣬廨
һ޷һ뷢ʱһɱ޷ʬҪǿҵĺȫˣ޷˲ƣ޷סοʼ׹
ۼ޷ƣŷͥ͵һҪȥȵʱϵöҲѾ˦˳öͬȥͨǬ
ŷͥҴ⣬ٵոսӴһ˲䣬͵ıը飬ŷ֮ͥʱöҲˣҽǶȷǳ꣬һöķö˫ۣҪǱˣŷͥ㲻Ҳзϡ
ŷͥٵɨһöͬʱըıըûеľٵɣβıɱըʮףöѱ£һöӲˣֻĿŰԼķ
ŷͥصķģͦӲ漴һ𣬱ըĲǿңŷͥɨɳ˸Զľ룬صȷǷס˾ųɵıըʣһɣըŷͥѪ壬ѵ
ֻһѣ޷ŷͥϳ˸ƿѹ˵ԼҪǸҫĴ򣬰ҫδĶ֣˻ԡ
ʱƷѾĲУ麹ö޷ŷͥס֮ʱͬУֵʱöɫǾƬֻ΢ЦڵСˣҪĿšѨ÷Ŷ
ֹⷬǰƷ˵ˣһԵİҫҲĴ֮ɫƾĪٶ˲ֱ˵ҪλãôⰵƿôֻӶԷ
ʹҪλҲסֻǹ֮ߣƷ˵ǹطʵȴǹĵطʱҫе㲻ôġ
ΪԴۣƷҧгݵŭΪϷˣ
ڴһ̣õԼŶԣˣƳһЦһöɫǾƬǰųһţһ漴һĨҫ۵İ׹ⱬ
׹ļͻأƷֻоԼ˫۴ʹޱȣʶı˫̧ȥ۵һ˲䣬ĿšѨһĵۣһѪڶöɫǾƬ׼ȷĻѨλ
ҪλˣôͲأƵľ둹ôζɣ΢ЦĿƷ壬ǿžʹ֮ɫĿ
֮ǰǵ׹Ŀһ˲䴦ʧ뾪ŵ״̬ټ۾ûҪסܣǱȻģȻȡɵΪǲòϣ൱ʵãҲУľ


ʮ ӡuǿ߼
ľƳŰڰľַֿɾʩչʽԣľעصǰı
ΪŰǾڲ죬޶ȵĸı䣬Ӷǳ˵둹
һöɫǾƬ磬һ磬湲棬ɽȫλķ뷴䣬Եһ̶ϵӾ˺ڴϹĿʱ򣬾Ƭһ϶мĳ֣쳣ľˣ둹νǹ䲻䲻
ȻȻֻһУ둹ֻ֮һѣУֱǾסӰУҲ֮ͬȻǲͬ졣
ؿǰƷƿصԸӣЩʱ˱˸˻ѹѪһʧѪǿġ
Ȼ񾳿Լ˿ڣĻǻ൱ĺʱģʱսһοƷ˻ûѾǷǳ˵ˡ
ƷҪѨѪֹȫָ˿ڣɫҰֽţݺݵĿϵֽȲû߬ˡ
ôĻǿѽȻһЦֳöƬĿһתƷЦе˵
öƬһ֣ŵƷһ£ʶ˺óһξ룬ʱ޷ŷͥҲǻعֻǻûпѾҫ
еǳ˼ۺ죬ŷͥ޷֮ǰһֱҫѹŴͱһڰҫֱ裬ȻǴ֣Ȼ˶ǳڣǵʵиߵֵ֮ģʹһҲûռʲôˡ
ҫֻƣʱʱһаȣҫƵ˫ȷ׺һޱȵΪȻûбֱռ޷ŷͥӦȫ࣬ȡһϷ磬˳Եġ
ɾڰҫռϷ磬ȫѹƷʱͻȻһըӰƿնǿҵĺХֱҫȥ
ҫ
һߴ׳ǻʨӿڣŨüķɲͣǸ˶ɵģһҪѰҫ̻˼
˭ʶ𣿡ҫһŷͥĿʵ
裬Ҫ͵
׳ŭһһȫ汬γһ׵ɫĽ㣬ֻ˫ִֽ߸̧֮£ִϳһ޴ƽͷŰҫͷ£Ƽˡ
ϲ㡤犲鳾
أ
һ죬ҫ׳޴µһ˲䣬ֱ̧Ӳⲻãһ֮£ҫʱеѹʾȻеֱʹѵͺ׳ǰһɽֱϣյζһء
صľֵľôʦĲô࣬İɣҫа룬ֱۼ˲䱬˵Ļ𾢣׳ִ˦һߣƵһ켣׳ļ
׳ҲʹҲۣһ֣ɭĸЦϵĽ͵ıһɺ˵ķȻӲĽҫˣ漴һȭݺݺصĺڰҫ֮ϣ˳ȥ
Ʒ˶ˣ׳Ȼǿ˹һ¶ðҫ˸ƿǶ飬׳Ǹģɼʵס
Ǻˣ׳Цеʵ
ȫͷڻʱ˭ȥô
ظ˲׳ͻȻֶһ꣬üĿ㣬˫Ŀһ޵֮⣬ǰ̽ĶЦ
㲻֪ڳôԶ㣬Ҳϲɧζ˿ң
һ꣬΢΢һһɶĺ͸ܵ¶ȼ½΢΢һ㶣˿һߣܿ죬ӰĿеû塣
ˣҪûжģֻҰҫ鷳ԹԵĲҪǲΪ㣡꿴΢Ц
Һܺ棬ǵ˭֮гԹô
ʱҫߣֻһ䣬һ֮꣬ǰһȭȷʵأǣҫĻʥķǿ֮һȭ˵˶㲻ϡ
ĳ̫ˣǲסҲҽܣͼλҵĶ磬uһˣɣָָԼָָѰҫɵ׳΢Ц
һһߣƳһƷˣ˰ûǵˣ߰ɣ
ƷĿһۣ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôȥҫδƷ˶˵ʲôвҲͷˣǰ˲в
ܶˣȻ¶ƣһַǳǿҵѹȸУҫҲܸоѹȸУȻûжǿңƷǿʮֹ
ӰҼˣϵɣֱ˭ţѾͷ㻹ǵסôҫͷװɵ㶵˵
ʼ磬˷ۣڻص¡ԣ⥡裬ףԻҫһ۰أ
ҫĶͷڵˣˣҲû취ģȳ֣Ҳѽ
ʲôƨͨɱ˳ҪΪĶиӦеĴۣŭĿһɣŰҫȵ
ô˵ҫƤһŭָȥģɱ˳Ǿӣɱ˭ˣҸó˭УǾʲôʱʥˣôģҪҪɱңӦôǴɱˣʲôƨǿ߼ǣ߽˲飬Ҫ־͹ѧղˡ
һˣھаԵˣԼǸ˭ûҫôܵˣӶ㱻ˣ˵ֱҫȥı飬ƺҪѰҫˡ
Ǿǰɣ˵ҷǶǰɣҾͶ񵽵ˣҾһһϹֱǾӷϾΪֹ
ҫҲˣƽľǿ߼Լƴ˭Ӧģ˭˭Ķţ˺ưҫֻһӦǾǴ򣬴ǳӣ£ǹԣǲٷΪֹ
˫һײһɺ˵ķȥ˷֮£µĺ涼ܲסһʮ׸ߵľˣ˵Ĳǰҫֱֻķ˳ʮ֮Զϸ־ŭ
Ϊ͵Ϯһ£;ԼǿĴΣǼܵܶˣҲһ
ҫ棬λΪһֱĳ֮죬գ۶ϲϣһԺ˱˴֮ľ룬ǰһ㶣һȻƵ˳ƺâ֮Ǹ£ǷƥֱҫŶȥ
犵
ۼâҫһ˫âͬʱ˫ͳңһױȵİԵƣĵâſҵĽ棬˫âսһ©ĵ滮һۣƼ产ˡ
Űҫ֮ĶսվڲԶս˿ûвֵ˼ǰܣڴ٬Цݣô˷θĺܣие쳣
۾Ҫǰɣһۣ
ˣ࿴ۿϧˣҾԿһ±ˣҫǷɣĿɲֹŶܺЦҡͷ漴˸ָ֮ƷܹʮΧס˰ҫˡ
ָָЩ΢Цһ£ҾIţ


ʮ Iţ벻ܴӣ
УÿÿɶһزĵƣȻҲУIž֮һ
IֱĽܹʮˣ˶г񾳵ΪѧڹķѧʽͳһģСħ
ħ־Ų㣬һڹķھŲʱȭɱ죬ſѵ֮һһʽ󲻵Ĵһɽ޵ħٶȷǳ֮죬ͨ꼴ɴɡ
ȻȻħ֮ΪħȻб׶˴ڣм޵ģһʱѭ򽥽ȥһ˵պҲܴû
ǣħ֮ǲԿصģҲ˵ڵõǿʱѾ˸ھŲ֮󣬴ʵдΪԭ̤޷κ
ʵħҲûģɲỨôľȥôһȺֻ֣ΪԼħõѡΪ齨齨ʿ
I֮Իгô˵ľΪȻǶƳƼʵƼãɲֻǶʱһ˵ľΪô򵥣Ŀ֮˵÷ûв˶ˣҫҲһ
Ȼ˺ҲԹʱIŽҫΧסҫĹϾҲΧ˭˭ΧţǳǿӾΪ˵ҪǿһѾгڵΪ⶷Ȼݲðġ
IţǰЩ˿ɲЩҩİͰˮ񾳣ǻʵ񾳣һ׳˶װͳһһɫۣƼ䶦ʢо¶ɼʵȻС
ǵʵ˵˫ĿһУһİȳһɽһƼ产ˣܿ˶һЩǾٶȽ޿ޣв죬ôͬʱͷİֵô
ؾʮ
ڣǰ̵Iţ֮˾İʱᶨû˿Ļ֮Уֻ뻮һͬʱһȭȭըѣǰԼİɢ
һ̽ԹƾȻû˵ǵһˣа֮飬Iûʵֻû˵ȥҲδ֪˭ֻԼյĵƵ԰أһصķǳá
ûûʵͬжΣҵĬ̬νIŻǲСư֣Ҳ֮⣬תת˼תƵ֮
ܿյӰҪɣ㲻֣ҲǶ֣Ǿô죬̸̸ģǸͷҶֳʤΰ͵΢Ц˵
ĿһۣһԲ񣬱鶼һľĺ⣬ŭ˵ı飬ŭʱͻı飬˺ëֱ޴룬ʱܵˣ߿ʼһĪĻš
֪ô죬ǳᣬֱᵽ˼£ҾˣⱲӶ˵˻
쳣䣬ڶһ˵ƵģܵҲԽı䣬һεɱ⣬糱ˮһӿܣĴ˸
˫ɲһֱĳܣܵIŲкǳԾȥˣҪ¡
ǿĻᣬ˫һиԴܳһ̲һβпȸװεıͰͰ·һ㻥ཻ֮ĳ嵽ˡšǰ֮£ǰǵȥƸֹˡ
ŰСȸᣡ
βͣɱֱĳܣü̧˻ӣŵ׳ǰӭֱȥ˻ûԶ̧ͷһȭȭδֲȭԺХ𣬺ɨ
ۼȭɨһŲæ˫һһ˫֮оȻ磬ȭ磬ųԱһߡ
ľ裡
ʧ֮ųԱȻԭϾȻ֮ţëС룬һĻǰŵĲᣬһٺˣ롣
ôһμӿ˼֣׷ܲţҧҧߵԱǳһɵʲôס죬ס
IŵĴ΢΢üܵ¶һֵ֮ɫû˿ĳɣʮIŵзֳʮ˰ΧʣʮйעŰҫս
һ۾ʧܣԼ˶ԱĵĿ⣬˲ʶʲôֱܿЦڵˣóֻһṦųѣ㱾û̫ǿսô
ڵĸֽս֮ƫƫһ⣬˵û汻˵ˣһıṦҲͱЩѰ߸ôһˣʥ֮˻ԣһ񾳵ߣһܽĻܡ
Сʱ̰ԣ˼ȡϰ䵼δϰɾ൱ޣ͸û˼ѧΪ˺ɫԣŰ裬Ҫӣûʸӵλá
ʱԼҲһɾ֮飬μ뵽жУǱ̬μӵģI确ĴڣԼİȫȫҪĵġ
ҫ֮󣬸տʼɵʱĹȥԽֲ̫õԤУǸѽѷֵİҫͲ˵ˣʵȷǿĿֲǵһμԼ˽ôãҲֻ确ţһ㡣
Լ뽫ΪŮūΪԼղƷ֮һڿԼƺǰʯͷԼĽš
ŭȼˣôԼIŵı£ľôȫôҲûװʵ̬Ҳ̫࣬IҪϰҫĻôҫҪǲþгͻǵء
ҪĻôҪͻǵأҲʲô̫ѵ飬˭λ绨ľˣһİأ
ۼʮIŵԱΧԼ޾֮УֻһǾƬзɳһöһö֮⣬ָһǾƬ͵ıһǿҵİ׹⡣
ΧԱʱʧɫ׹̫ͻأˣǸû׼ôһ˲䣬˵·⵽봩͸һ㣬ʹޱȣʶ̧ȥǰ׹⡣
ľ둹
ʱԱϵĶദѨһ˺ѷεľʹЩѨ⵽ǾƬ׷ױ˸Դڰ׹ʧ֮ʮųԱÿ˵϶Ѫ˶ǲҺͣʼ׹ȥ
Ҳ׹˫ĿָʱǰһĻˣʮųԱѪĲҺͣʼ׹ȥѾǰѾĲ֮ϡ
֪ôҫˣֶɫеĶ棬ɱ㣬Ӧòң佱ҵģԣȥɣ΢ЦĿܣЦò̬ǴʱЦܵУȴ쳣Ŀɲͷ·һͷħ΢ЦҶħ־ԼĲϡ
ҪܵĲŤϵʱǶ˲ԶĺͻȻһߴʮ׵ľˣ֮ǰʮIŵԱʱŰҫ䣬ݺݵײں֮ϡ


ʮ ˵ս뱾飡
˵ߣܶŵʱ򣬰ҫ߿Ǵ쳣ңIŵĳ֣û˲ֵͣ뷨
Ҫ˵ΪҫҪһ㣬űаеĳҪһߣͬҲǳڵľǿߣҫ佻սҲǿиɾơ
ǿʵΪϣƺǾĳĸڵĽѷʽȴ˷ǳı仯Ǿģ仯ʮ˰ÿһֱжԼص
ͻտʼİҫţ֧空òǱֱʮ֮󣬲ŽƣҫҲǰֵĸԣûзӳȫİڡ
˵ˣʩչ֣һпľߵֻҪ㹻ֻģ仯ô򵥣ʽҪڰҫУҫģʮ֮ڱȡ׼
Ȼʱ̰ҫҲ˵еİڣȻҫǳĴѣǶԷǸսսƽ͵ĲУҲܰԼƵľ紫ûôɵ
ģˣԭΪʽѾ㹻ˣɸֱ˲ֹһǰأҫһһһȭ˳һ˹ȥ

һ죬֮һ㣬ҫһӲһ˲ҫЦһ಻âһ㣬һһĽϣöڶ
գ
ʱڽ֮ڵڰҫһײʱԴ˵һʱеͷĿѣ
ŰҫһһɹͷۻתΪѪвѪ˿Ĥ·ըһ۵죬ÿһεâײɵ춼ʹ
ʱзǳĲ⣬ҫûиԼʵϵ˺еĹĽôνԼŪ˵ģ
ķĽײʱһǿҵڽ֮ڣϵû֮£ֻܰѡҪôҪô㣬Լѡɣ
λǳͻأĳĶߣôָܿ˵׼ˣҫˣҪõâ
Ȼ֣ڽֵķҪһ˿ҲͬǾ˵ĺܣԱʮPĳ̶ȡ
ʮPڽ֣㹻ӲٽըҩըʹǰҫҲҪʮɹܽƿ԰ҫʤ뵽˿
ؿǰھ˵֮Ҳ룬һĽ͵ıһϹ⣬ǿһ࣬ҫһڽ֮ϣǿķҫ˶˳ȥֱֱķɳʮײסΡ
ֶ幦
ҫŭƲԾĲţ֮ǰһ˾ųɹּӱķ֮£ҫоԼͬգѪҲҲ˰ҫеĿԡ
ģӽҪǲڹǣӸգҫҧгݵĵŭȣ˵껰Ժֻ˫һƸԳһųһֱĳ
أɱȰҫˣǽʹޱȣڱǴѪ˫˫ͬѪֹ֮ǰԵ𵴣Ѿ˲Сˣ඼һ̶ȵƲΪء
ֻҲһǵھҲһˣԴӳÿսʤ˽ʱ֫ϣҧҲҪѶԷҧɿԣһЩʵǿˣ󶼲ϡʱҫԼҲǿԴ󷢣һֱȥսҫ
˫һײε˷ɢҫ۳Сڽ֮һһͬʱĽϡ
СأͣھǱ֮ǹɱ֮ᱻ˫ش֮£ǱСǿ֣Ҫȫը顣
ؿըһ˲䣬͵һѪбҫ˵˼ˣսⲻûм֣ʢ
ֻ˫ȭȭ֮ϽΪشݺݵĺڰҫؿ֮ϣȭİҫѪ壬һһѪ
˵ʽʵʵĺ˶Էǿɨɣͬʱʮ֮Զס֮󣬰ֱֲͣӷɴܶٴγ˴ˣսһ
ҫ쳣ңһȭҿһһһһƣ˫Ѿ˷أȫ˻˵Ĵ򷨣ʮԱһĿɿڴľѡ
˽֪ڵΪսѪԵǿߣҫǾеֵزʹǵҲõԱ𾴣ʱǿҫ˼ֵ⣬˼־⡣
أ
һн犵ڰҫļ֮ϣҫҧżϵĶʹһǲߣȷ絶նĲ֮ϡ
һŲûͷ­նɣѾĿˣܲϵƣǰſ˫һܱסҫһǿѹ֮£ҫ˲䶯á
һôŰҫ£ֱĳˮ棬ȥּת˲صˮ֮ϣһߴʮ׵ľˡ
һ죬عͷ߸߱ľʱ˶ˣǿסܵҲԾɿˣǽµˮˣüҫҲܾûôصأ
ˮ֮ûйĶӵܣôվ֮ϣĿˮ棬ûãʼһˮݣˮԽԽ࣬ԽԽܣ类չˮһ˹˵
䣡
һ죬һ˳𣬰ҫƾ϶һűСҪʮĳ򣬶ųϷʱҧгݵӲŰҫų򣬵ôûƶ֡
òϣܰ˵ϣ㻹ǵһҲЪϢһˡ
ҫ˵Ϸһߣ͵ֶ˳ȥҿޱȣ˵Ļ𾢽ɣ֮ϣֱ֮ߣٴαһƬˣԭҰȾһƬ֮ɫ
һ
ҫһк֮󣬿ԷһۣߣֻŤŤӿЦþûдôʹˣӻԣѾͷأ
ʼ磬ƳƳţǸֻ˵ܴ򣡡
ҿǸƣӦǸֵѽҫͷ㶵˵
ͷﲻһ˶ȥˣװǻƵĶҲȥˣǼһһ׼׼Ķ棬ҲһܷˣԹĿ˰ҫһۣƲֵ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦԴ㻹ٽӴɱ¾Ϊã齻Ǿͺ˵ģ
ûǽˣѪôĿҫĴ֣ص
ҫȻһЦ΢΢ҡͷķ˷㷢漴ʼ˹ϢܵҲᣬҪǿһأҲ
ҫϥ񹦻תʼ˹ˣһԵΪ令ɻûãҫüͷʼ̧ͷ죬߶ţᱻҴȥ˰ɣôڻû
ڰҫ̧ͷ֮ʣһ촫ҫŤͷһԶεױӰһһӿʼƬƬ顣
һĻİҫͫһüͷĸˣڵȻˣ


ʮ ʬ֮סţ
ʱڰҫеĻ棬εɫ׵ıӰʼƬƬ飬ҫһãתͷһڵѾͷǹȥ
˵ͷͬʱɶȥɾǻûɳԶʣʮԱΧ
ҫаŭŭһ˦һӣɨһ磬ǰԱҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣʮͬʱһȭȭںһҫľˣҫüͷ壬ٴγʱȴ̧ס

Ȼ֮ɫ֮ʣ˦־ʮöͭɫĶ״ʮöͭ״İʱǿӣȴƿԣʮųԱ֮Աǣûϣֱ֮۽Ҫ
ɾʮԱַ̧֮ʱʮö״βһ̻𣬰ٶ͵Ŀ࣬ͭһ羢һ̶ĺһ㼲ЩԱ
ͻıʣǰʮԱһʱҪȥȻˣͭѸײڶ֮ƣ䴩ǰ߰ԱѪͬʱЩԱһҺʼź׹ȥ
ľף
һĻߵİҫˣҪ˵ǰʮ񾳵ԱҫҲǴ򲻹ֻǴҪϵ㾫ʱѡ
ת˲߰ˣҫоԼδ˫ƣĻ㣬Ϊ֪жѣԲŻ׾ٵĻˣеľ
Űҫĺ֮ɫЦӽ͵ʣµԱҲҫ˵ȥ·ˣ׷ηɴգһӾͲӰ
ҫҲǣר־Ľ⣬ԭЩͭ״βֶһ̶ȵĸ졣
βһҩԶ̿ƽ԰ͻȻ٣˲ͷһϸܵпڣٶһ˲ӰĴ͸ԡ
βҩըʱһŵ֮Чӣ⿴ȥƽƽĶ״ɱҲƵ֮һס
˵֮󣬰ҫѾĿɿڴԴ㶵˵⵽ôİզʹأ
ûİһۣ˦ֽҫĴִ򿪣ĵ˵ߵǰһȻҪԼרװľÿһܴ󣬵ҲͬƣһԵƷͷˣλȥ֮󣬵취ٸһ£ɿɻյİǾٺòˡ
ҫ˷ۣ漴΢΢һЦڵҪ˵ظõĻ޵пأҾⰵһʼǽַԼʵһ㰵Źˣ㲻޼ƿʩǲиȽһ㡣
˵⣬ҫⲻи˵֮͵һ㶣ڤڤ֮ƺ뵽ʲôȴֺģüͷšһ񣬵Űҫⲻиĸ֡
ҫüϻдʣæЦĽ͵ˣѾͷҲֻҸ˵Ĺ۵㣬ҵĵȫͬҲ÷ϵġ
˦˦ͷڻصǵģҫոǷƺңץסǸؼ㣬׵Ļ˵ҵʵĪأ
ʵȷˣͨҫǲиĸֺİ֮ʵķԾﵽһַǳֲĵزǲɷΪһֿΰȻ˺󻰣Ҳ
ؿǰҫٷɶ֮£ûãǶ˱ħİߣȥҫ΢΢ü
ǰĺ̲ɺ֮ɫǱѪȾģɳ̲ϵʬȴǼΪĹ죬ⲻʬ壬Ǹʬ
ʱɳ̲Ϻ֮ĸʬЩʬ·ڵѪҺˮֶˣӲҸҫüһ߸ʬϣ̽룬üͷʱĸˡ
ˮ֡ѪҺҺȫ˸ɾԵеǱʲôȫе֣ΪĻôӦǾ֮࣬˹ĴаΪĻǾѰˡҫüа롣
ǰЩʬ״ͬǱͬһֻͬһַɱ֮ҪΪ壬ΪҫҲŪص嵽˻ޣʲô㵹ѽĺܡ
ҫ磬аˣҫ½ǣҫ̧ͷһԶл߳ӰӰҫϤǸոսֵܶˡ
ʱ򣬰ҫͫһаȣ֮ǰԼĶսνǼҵ˼ҫ˲ᣬ͸˵ˣƱȻԼɱϣԼһоģԼһдɻҷɣҫе⡣
ڰҫеȵǣȻͨͫĹ۲죬߼ʹҲûİڣûиҫһ㣬еô̵ʱѾ׻ָˣƷϵĵҩδһ㡣
ҫһͷ˼Ƭ漴ǰ߲ͯͯĳߣƤۣںڵĳûϵźһ˫۰ؾ⣬پ¿ɰȥѰĺͯû̫
ȥû̫𣬵ڰҫУɴˣΪҫñͫԷ·һĿȻͯĵڣҫһŰɫĹ㣬ŹҫİԪ
ҫڴźͯͯҲϸϸĴ˫ˮĴʱʱ˸ɫľ⣬Űҫͬʱǿʼ
ӴͫѽһԪͫһԲʲô򵥵
ҫ治ԣȴǰԾԪͫң⺢ͯȻ߽ޣʵ򵥣»Ҫ֮ϡ
϶ĲԩҪȡʧܵĽѵŶͯ۵ָָҫתͷһ֮ɫ漴ֺݺݵĵ˰ҫһۣһֹģ
ߴ͵һŵĺͯѵһ죬ôô˾ù죬ҫ΢΢һЦ˱ȭʵ֪ôƺ
ͯ˵ͷն𣬳ҽа棬һиţ֮ףţ
ҫһ΢Цԭǰ֣ʧ֪ȥ·Ϊ
ʲôҲҴֵܣ̧ۣ֪ν°΢΢̧۽ɨҫĺǳ
ûȰҫŭȴǻͷŭһۣŵӣС˰벽ôݺݵĵźߣ԰ҫʵʸҳֵܣ֪ν㣬ѧݶͣ⼸㶪Ǿӵ棬˼ʴʣһߴȥҾͷ
ôһȣ߰ҲǹԵֻƵģҴҫаޣҲʲôˣأðҫĿ࿴ˡ
ҫ֣ϣףΪ֮ףӵҵ棬Ҿˣְһˣӽ޴棬ӣǱҪһ汧ȭڣСɵôһĶ˵ôһĻָĸо
ǣҫδȭоΪ˺ͣûΪԼǾ֮ױ߸ϣһԸǳĿζжĺø˲١
ֿˣǱѣҫȭ˵
˵ͷڵҫ֮ǰĲ٣ҫֵϢˣ״ָ̬ʮ֮ٽбȽϣʮΪޣ䣬ұžеĸȫȥٹ֮ܶ£ҫ˵ĻֻҪһͿˡ
ҫʵ
Ҫķھ˫Ŀ΢΢΢Ц


ʮ һǿ֣ӡ
Ҫڹķ˫޲ͬԵڹǿں飬ΪˣϣΪӦò᲻֪һɣҫɫһ˵
΢΢һЦ˵ͷڻصҵȻ֪ϸڲ˵ֻǴԵĹдãܹһָ˵ҿɲòһӰ
Ŷк˵һ꣬˵н֮أҫ΢΢һЦڵ
΢Цҡͷڻصõģκΰ취Թˣ澭ҶԹһֱûɹҲֻо񹦲һ֮ԣҫ׼ɣ
һ£
ʱڲ廰ĿҫȻڲ廰ǱȻԭڣҫҲ뿴ʲô
кָ̣ȻѩѱʥŮ£ǣIżһ˼ӣҾ廹ǻһġ濴˿΢Ц˵
԰вںİ˰֣΢Цһһ룬ҪҳӣʱӭǶӮе㲻̫ƽŶ
΢΢һ㶣ʵôƽˣҿɲôãҪ֪ǾԮһ뵽Ħս֮Уǰ׼߿²Ӳϣѽ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷҡҡͷЦû֮ǰǶ˼뵽ս֮УҸұ֤ͬҲ֮أԣ㿪ǳĲƽֱжô֪Ļȥ鿴
һǺð˵Ҳǣҫľڽ֮ǸͷֱԳƵǼֵǵľԼ׵ȷǷƽ
˵βŹƽ濴ʵ
΢һ㣬岻Ҫߣ滹ҪǷҫһ飬Σ˸ָЦе˵
΢΢˰Σ漴ͷ˼һأ̧ͷ˵ͷڵã㣡
ЦĳŰ汧˱ȭÿ֮ʱ͵͵ĳŰҫգգۣҲ𣬰˱ȴĴָаļǣһֻҪԼӮˣôػõһǿ
滹֪ʵ֮Ķ񵱣յʤպİ棬ӣ嶼ŷ츲صı仯պգֺֺЦԼֱ˵ɱ˰ҫôԼҲˡ
ؿǰ˫ûзԵ濴ҫѯʵҫָ֣ʮ״̬Ҫã費Ҫָ
ҫ˰֣΢Цлֵĺ⣬ֻһӱɡ
üһҫôĿ֮ǰھ֮йעҫ֮սҲָߺ߿Ҫҫˣ԰ҫʵѾһŵ˽⣬ͬʱҲǷǳˡ
ưհĹƣʹҫоԪҪָҲҪһʱɰҫ˵ԼֻҪһӣеҫеԴˡ
ҫҲܰô룬˫ַֿ֧ŵ棬˫ƽڳһȽϹĵƣڳ֮󣬻±һɺ˵Ļ𾢣ֱʣеԪ壬ڷٵḺ́Ԫָҫһơ
ۼҫٵĸԭҲǰĳһһҫ治򵥣⿴𾢵ľ̶ȣѾӽĹؿ˰ɣԼǲС
ûҫֱǿˣʵԼеǳ⣬ÿԼˣ͸֧֮ʵ֮ǰǿϺüֱ֣ûм޵ͻƣͻƿɲֻǹϵģоΪ
ҫľΪѾﵽ˳ڵ۷״̬ͻƵ񾳽ĸ¶ҪȥЩٰ֪٣ͣڳڵϼһѪ
ɰҫǴһʽзٵĳɳһԼ벻ףֻ԰ҫѵԸ벻ҲţǼ⡣
ȫָ֮£ͬʱһŲ֪ʲôõҩҫֻһʱ䣬˾ͻָ۷ʱڵľų״ֻ̬һܣΪһĻһٶڿУ𾢱֮£һҾͣеս䲻
ҫ֮󣬰˵ͷ΢Цҫ֣ùһöˡɣҫֵʵӦѾﵽڵˮ׼Ҳѳڵʵ㽻ֻ֣Ҫҫʮ֮ڱֲܣֻ߱ҶóڵΪ͵䣬Σ
ҫ˫ۻԴڵôģ
ǵģ
΢Цͷźͯ۵Сһŵ΢ЦҫеһֹķΧ̾һص¾͹ˣ
˵꣬ҫһгһ֮УΪģԲһе춯ǳĳԼԺУʱҫʹҲ˵ܵһʲôĸı䣬ΪڵһѾڰҫ֮ˡ
򷨟oƪͬƪ
֮󣬰ҫһڵѪҺʼ𽥵ķƤְת죬գ֮γһְ֮ɫƤµʼ΢΢͹ְ֮ͬɫ˿ȥ˵Ĺ죬ҫڸоǳĺãоԼֻҪ΢һ¾ܱ产˵սǿǰĸԸǿǰĸǡ
ѪԪ󷨡ƪѪƪ
֮󣬰ҫƼ产ˣһַǳ񱩵ƣһͷԶݺݵĶŰˣѽΪ
ð־õˣǿʼɣ
ҫŤŤӣؽžֱ죬΢΢һЦڷѪԪ󷨵ķԭɫıͫѾתɼΪɺɫ۰һƬڣ˫۾Ѿ˲
沢ûбҫ㣬ͬ΢ЦͷҲ˵ʲô˫ཱུСַٵı仯ӡӡͣһӳ˲ҫǰ˫ӡֱĺڰҫ֮ϣƤһɳɳ̲֮⣬׹뺣Уһߴʮ׵ľˡ
ھѧӡӡ
һĻһԵˣǵһοҫ˸ɴĺɳȥһȫûм֮£ʵǾס
߬߬ģڿʵǿĺˣҫҲʲôزˣһͷϮɱ档
ҫ֣ŵһжѣ㲻ôɣ˸㣬ѧڵһѧ֮ƵĿӡӡ˵ӵпٵ֮ϣҫָһأ浭ȻһЦŰҫ׹ĺ棬˵
ܺã־Ȼ˴ܣձҪսʹ죡
ͻȻһ챩ȣһˣֱϣҫӰź˷漴ֱĳɳ̲ϵİ棬ٶȿľˣգ֮ѵǰ׵ľ롣
һӡٽᣬĴָʳִָָڿۣһɫ㻯ΪһԲ򣬽˰סɺγȴʼ첻˿ˣ֮ƹҫ°ɳ֮
ӡ١ӡ
ʱں˲ϵĳŰķʱˮͻȻ÷һĻһݺݵײڰϣɫһ˿ϸܵƣҫҲ͵ȥ
ơɽ
һ죬㱻ҫһƺ飬ɺȴʼձ򶨵ɫ΢΢һЦ˼Ժúôһˡ


ʮһ İ棡ӡ
ЦˣѰҫЦˣûãҫҲЦˣоĺ˼ֻֻƬУҫܿ˾ֹ⵹ҫύ֮⣬Ǳ˴֮սҪȥġ
ҫһƺ˰ķԸΪǿɽһиԵУһ֮ڣ漴񱬷ƾ产ˡ
ɾڰҫһе֣ưķ֮ʱۿԼľҪڰļϣɰȴûк˵˼ϵЦԵôݲȣӡٴα仯
ֻʮָڿһǰ۳һεɫԲͼͼһġ֣һӣѸײڶ֮ƺ˳ȥ˿ҫûӦ˸գɳ̲֮ϣһƬɳ
ӡڸӡ
ܿ죬ľˣ൱ӡ᲻䣬˾ͺһռͨһ㣬ϵҺƣƶĹ켣û˿Ĺɿԣÿת۵ʱ򶼻һεɫġͼ
ƶ֮󣬰Ϣ˰ҫĺ󷽣ʱҫûعϵĻƲŸոպ쿪ɳأعʱȴΪʱ
˫ʳָβָָڿۣкһӡһɣҫĽ·ǳͻأĳһųɫԲͼͼֵһ˲䣬ԲʮڵĿռ·һ㼫أҫʱоԼ̶˱ţѡ
ӡСȭӡ
Ǻǣо͹ˣ
ۼҫԼЦһӡٱ䣬˫ָſĴָʳָഥ·ʻһӡʧӰ
ڰʧ֮󣬰ҫɾع֮ʱǰĻеţһΪ壬졢ơڡסֲ࣬ͬɫ棬ֲͬľͬķλԿٶͬʱаҫ
ӡڡ݆ӡ
ʱİҫֻоԼ·Ҫըһ㣬ֽȻͬİڷҴܣʧһ˲䣬һеĺ󾢱ˣֲͬɫİ뻮һ˫о٣۳һӡ֣һһҫա
һǿķֶˣһӦҪʤ׷Уа룬ԼһҪǴѰϣȻܹˣǴڰҫϣ޷ĸо
ҫķǿټϻʥ£Ҫͨǿһֹ԰⿴ޱȵһУʵҫ˺൱ޡ
ǣӡһ䣬תΪڸӡһεɫͼ֮Уμ֮£գۼ׷Ϸյİҫ
ڰҫ汻ˣƲûпȥôأķ侪ˣƶ˵Ҳֻ˶ѡ
ȻҫƲûжأϾҲ˵ˣ֮ǰһɺѪ纣һѪ֮ÿԼߣһŭһգһС͵ĺһԵİ档
̰ʤ֪䣬֣Ҫŵ㣬ҫûзΪʤıǮҫݺݵĵ˰һۣ䣬еСԽߡ
浭ȻһЦ˫һۣβָĴֱָָָѹڰӡָһ۵һ˲䣬ܶһ죬Ƶ̶ͣԣҫоԼĶĤ׻ֱҫţ͵һѪϵСɢˡ
ӡYʨӡ
ʱİҫͷۻԷ·ըһ㣬ʹ̣ʧʮƣҫӰдɳ̲֮ϣҫ׹֮󣬽ɳ̲ҳһĿĵӡ
ۼɳ߸Ϊ͵˽֮ɫǰ쳣Ȼһμҫ˽ֵʱȫûƿԣǱѹŴ治Ǿ֮ףĹ֡
߶¶ϲ֮ɫǿȻǶÿμ֣ɴĻ֣ܶоͻһԺУΪǿսһӵԺж԰ľη֮飬Ըӡ
صܸ֮뿿ʱȴǳǰ˰֣ʾǲҪӽ𿴰ҫֵʱȫռϷ磬Ѱҫĺм֮ǿӡȻͬҲǼΪˡ
ӡ֮ǿҲоƣ۲࣬ҪԪпٲ䣬Ҳս֮ԵʩչӡʽһΣɼʹˣȴɲܽҫ׻ܡ
ûҫˣ֮ǰҪˣȴûаܣӦ˵ֻԶأϢжϣеİҫһһԵúйɣҲȶҲһԵֻŵԭ𾪰ʵΪҫʤܶġ
ˣУ֣иô
𣬰ҫӰд𣬻صǰʱֻһͷģѪͷҵѣҪǱжǱеľ⣬ŵ΢ЦûԼƵһ¡
ӡȷ൱ص´۽ˣҲ뵽֮ϣָܹһҫŤŤӣһϵĳ£Ű浭Ц
ãҵ뿴ҵӡ΢΢һЦڵ
Сˣ
һ䣬ҫһٶ֮ƿգԭһӰһӰҫѼ嵽ǰڰӡʱ򣬰ҫһ˦ȷ絶Ѹڰӡ֮ǰնĲ
ҫһһǳɣ󣬰汻Σֻܷӡֵ̧ӣɾ̧м֮ʣȻס˰ҫһȣϴտҲûа־ԣǰҫС
˵ʱʱ죬аһ⣬Ҫˣ˭֪ҫһһգȸ˦˫ͣɨߣȾͣ˫Ȱڶ쳣ն棬汻˸ֲм֧穣òǱ
ȡ߳ư
ҫֿܣױӲ֮£ʹѵ֪ҫأһᣬμӿ˼֣ӳ˰ҫĹΧ
ڰҫĹΧ֮󣬸ӡ֮ʱҫֻߣ磬˫ǧ΢΢һΣǰһ漴ɽһӰܼ꣬һǽڣѹ档
ȡǧ£
ذ˰ҫΪʲô޿ֵ˵֣汻ˡӡ©ڣǾڰҫܼͣ£ӡѽ
ӡһַǳǿӡֽ֮ӡܷУӡģһ׶ص֮־иܣڵһӡѧ
һӡ֮ǱҪ˫ӡɰҫӡʱĻô⡮ӡ൱ھǷˣĿӡ൱Ǳҫˡ
ǲвˣ
԰ҫܼĹƣݺݵҧҧ˫Ŀһգ͵һ˫Ŀͫ۰ױ⣬ֻһȣ±һɺ˵ĽɫĻǿľ罫ҫֱɨʮ֮Զ
ҫס֮󣬻˿ٴοʱаһֻθգ֮ɢĽɫΣ⻹־ӡÿһֶһֽɫ⻷֣˸һʥַĸо
ҫ֣ҾҲʮˣҶáʥͫѾӮˣǣʥͫһãӡͱҪռһʽûƵģԣһзʤɣһ˫Ŀ˵
ܺõ飬뵽һȥˣ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷοʼ̤ն׹Сִۣ˫һϣСںһһŰƴСĳ֮⣬Χһ㵭ĻĻ
һ˫ƴ


ʮ 죡ټգ
ʥͫڵһӡѧӡصһͫӡʱ򣬶ܷ֡ʥͫĴڡ
һҪǷˡʥͫô޲ɲˣʥͫϣ㲻ҪϳôĿӡԶϹҲ˵һ㲻еͫ
ȻʥͫȻⷽΪ֮ͫһȻĹ֮ͫʱĹӣͬʱܷӡǿһʽһʽǱҪСʥͫƶܷศɣȱһɡ
ʱʩչ˴ʥͫʵ沢붯ôʥͫҫǿòãӡҫ˵ģһѧ޷ʩչҲֻƸһء
ؿҫڶʩչ˫ƣһεʱһд˰ʤĿռ㣬Գ֮뻯ķǰδеģʹⷽصǿƷɵ꣬Ҳǿһ㣬ɼ˫֮ǿֻþݡ
˫ƴֱ϶壬ι󣬶˵ĶѾ۵㣬²죬ֻͬʱһ˫ĿԵʽ
˫һϣ쳣貣֮Ľɫͼƶһ֡ǰ־УܰΧƣӡ䣬־ӡ͵ųһУŰ浥ֺ־ӡһɺ˵Ľ⣬ͺˣ־ӡֱĺҫ
ӡһʽԺһ؟o
ۼǿкҫΣң˫һչڣǰ˫ܵ¶˳Գܵĵز˹ܵɵϵɳ벻Զĺ类յͨ췭ֱðҫ˳һӽ˫˦˳ȥľӡչҵĶײ
񹦶幦һԪ
һ˫ƣ
䣡
һ죬˵쫷һ㣬ɨķ֮ǿ󲻵ɳ̲һ㣬һԵĺˮһˣսԶԶ룬ֲྡྷǿɲմȾ֡
֮ϣ⽻ûû𾢽ɣ籩Ű֮ϣľ棬Ȼǰҫ˫Ҫһ
ʱüͷһ壬ʶĽΪϳڣʼĵܵǰĻˣ޲ߵĸоĻˣʶĸоԼķֱͬ衣
ĪţΪɣ
һϵĻǳͻأڻʧһ˲䣬ǰĻ˿ʼתֱʣʲôһ㣬ϵĳž֮һڵȥ
ûãǰһ˵β棬˸ɸɾҫ͵һ̧ͷеĺڵ㣬ĿȻܿڵʲô
ڵһüĿߣ͸ʮ⣬ͷ׷˫ĿһоĳԵøĿȻھ֮ϣ߸ҫѹȸȴ쳣ǿң·߾һ޿ƥС
֪ǰôƺҫĿ磬˫ĿĶ߲ţƿ֣ͷϵʩһ񣬳ʵ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷһߣֵһ̣ҲأҲڵһʱֵҫߣ˶һۣ߹һͬμ
Цеĵ˵ͷ˰֣ҫ΢ЦˣϷ򣬱Ǿ죡
νֻھвŻУǽһ壬ڸֽս֮˵ȫԱսǿᣬͬλнʮ󳬼֮һ
뼯Ȩƣ峤Ȩ󣬿ɶһдССָӰţҾ廹˫峤ƶȣֱΪһһ峤֮һλȨĸԵȣ֮ͨ
Сһ㱾²ϷĳӶĶ֣ǽɽ˲ųЩϼһùɽ֣꿩ЦеĿҫ׺֮⡣
ҫˣֻһԵĴ㶱飬ǵУ嵱֮ˣӦְԲ⣬Ŀʨӿڣһɷ֮ŶԣǰüĿͰ׵ߣԼȫǸ밡
ҫûлػҲûתתͿһ΢ЦСһУϷǲֳ˲¹ͷ׶֮˰
ţǵģǣǣʧˣǰҫʶĻһ䣬͵һԼʧ̬޴İ֣ڻش
ȤȤСһﻹȤϷϲȻʤҶôԸķ䣬Ҿ㲻ִ£ǵĶԼҲģСһǺڣԵټɣͷЦҲȰҫӦһתŰ桢ʧڰҫǰ
ʧ֮󣬰ҫ㿴ңҿ㣬ԵеãȻʧ룬þˣһҲͰˣȻû˵ƨˣʲôʲô
˿޹ֻʱգ֮ҫɻɳ̲֮ϣʼ˹ϢһսǺľ
òǿľˣҫտʼֱӽ·磬ˣֻǿս˫Ƶ£ҲѹסˣһԵıڣһͬѹƶȥ
Ƕ֮ʣвʮŮҫڵɳ̲ϣҫҲţԹԵĵϢΪˣҫȻᾪš
ûʮŮУΪ׵ܲѡ硢УԼҫλֳ֮һա
ߵܣˣۼҫϥҰ֮ɫһеҫ֮ƽҫΪ˹ˣڰ˵İ֮£ҫƻָļ죬һԻָ۷ʱڵ߳״̬
磬Ѿͷˣչɣҫ΢΢һЦڵһۣ΢΢ͷͬʱչ
չ֮󣬰ҫһգЦ磬
ҫ΢΢һЦļ򣬿ڵСӣٶȻǹ˵ģŰĹ⾰Ѿﵽ񾳵ΪԪˣ츳ʹǴ綼δܼأ
ŰյĿ佱ҫܲ˼ͷɵɵЦţ漴֣ڵ磬λǡ
ҫܣ˭ִ̧֪ϣ΢Ц֮ɫ´һۣڵλѩѱʥŮ£ҲҵĵãɡţҲֻ֮ɫߵܡ
һ䣬СһƬߺ죬΢΢˰ڵ˵ЦˣСã밲ˣ
չһЦĵ˵ͷУҫòʣϣֱһԣȻο
ʱΧҫҲһһкˣкʱڱɴµݣԵеɬҫס֣սʱгһ˿ǳ΢ɬ֮С
磬Ӧǵôҫգʵ
յ˵ͷָָ̧ܲѿڵҵģ鷳Ծ͸һԮˣˣ˵ĸˣأ
ҫһ֣ӺףɵЦҴˣңŵˣٲ֣һ£Ӧö˰ɣ
ʲôд£ռץסҫļ򣬵Բ˫ۣľϲ֮ɫʵ
ҫ΢Цͷ֮ǰ棬ԼIŽֵ飬򵥵˵һյԽԽϲ
ҫ˵ʱ򣬰պ޲ñŰҫһڣȻѹס뷨ȴץŰҫ˫磬Цߵܣɵúã˴ˣֻҪ֣ô֮ѿɽˣ
ǻаұѵôһ壬ǵôôҫԴʵ
һЦǵǿԮȣǾһȺں֮ڶѡ


ʮ ժͷǿԮ
ǿԮǻǿԮôأ
յĻ֮󣬰ҫҪԴҿΧ˰⣬ʮŮЩ꿴ȥ͸Լ࣬ϢȻǿʢҲֻ񾳵Ϊµľ˵𲻵ʲô̫ãֺǿԮ֮˵
տԼܵˣģֺֺЦһԴЦˣôڣûΣɱӵǰ档
һ˵ŻһƲƲһʮŮҫԴɵǺǵЦţͻȻʲôɫͻȻɫոıӰǸ״˵İɡ
Գ̾һ˵ͷεı飬ҫüͷһ壬һʵɱ֮͸磬û°ɣ
԰ҫͻȻֵĿֲɱյ˶һëȻɱ⣬ֳ˰ҫǿнǾѡ
ʱյİҫѾǵé®İҫˣһǳܳܵ˵ģ˵ʮŮһ麹ķƣһǿҵϢУе㴭˶԰ҫԾֵ
ۼЩŮеܲ˰ҫɱ⣬ոæǰ͵ߵܣȲҪ״û£ֻаĵʥĹİŻᵼ°׻дǱµġ
ҫ̾һ΢΢ͷһڴ漴˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬˵аȻҶҼˣһ죬ҰҫҪɱȮ磬Ħ롣
Ħ룬ħ׼ҵ̳ԭƣۼɾһĦ룬ʱ뵽һƬѪɱ¾֮УƬɽ˳ӿɽϡϡֻҪ۾ܿĵط뵽˻֮С
Ħ뺰ɱ죬ǵ⽣ӰѪɣǵг˵ѣԵɱѰЩн˼Ѿݽɱ¾֮У֪ͣЪ
أ
һ죬һһŰִиӲߵ˵棬ֿѪѹһӣвŷһɱڵģȻҪʹˮնɱ
һȺ󱲣Ҳɱңҹ
ֵŭдڻո֮ʣֵӰɴֻܶ˫Ƹ۳һţ˫һ糱ˮӿǰɱĴ󺺷׷׶ᣬƾһ£ЩɱĴӦ飬ȫʬ
ơ
С֣ǺǣıҲͶЩСආѳѣ֮ǰһֵ꣬Ц
ŭӿҧгݵĻһƺȥֻǺµĲӰѣԷ½Ƕûаɼʵ֮ǿҪ֮ϡ
Ǻǣɽܳһ콾ҿʵ겻ֹʱٴֵ̧־һƶݺݵĺֵıţɳʮ֮Զ
ס֮͵һѪŭĿӣҧ˵ҩףʲô£ҪƾʵѧҽֵʸûС
ͷЦ·ЦЦƵģ̬¶ִָЦֲ֪νĻ˵óڣûɣҸ㣬ֻҪɱ㣬˭ںʲôֶΣֻΪǿߣ֣Ҳʲôҵˣգɡ
ʱҪʹɱ֣ȫ䱸֮ʣĦɽ´һɧҵ춯һɫŮնһ˫۱֮İ
Щ·۾ƵģЩѽаoĸַ׷׻ɱֻЩα֮ܵµĸֽԱ䴩ͷ­
ɫŮӷ·һ㣬ո˵ԭǵòʱȴһëȻĸоɫŮӵĽ£һòʵ֮꣬ɫǰȥ
һЩŸּһˣҲûʲôƿԣ׷ŭɱЩɱڵĸ޶ãԽԽ죬ֱһˣһɱһɨķ
ΧɱŸ֣ͳͳɨɣ֮ǰüԶһѪǵͷ­ָçᴩˡ
֮һŭȺ֮кֻײֻ֮Ҫǰֵ֮˽Իᱻ˸ɣ֮ͷ­ᱻָâ䴩һ⡣
ĳоɫŮӵİһһ¶ֳľ൱Ӱ죬ԭƲռŵİ׼һ˵İ£ȻʼתطһңǳɱȻơ
˵ȥƲͣûãߣǾɫŮɵƸˣþòֱܻƽŷӦ
ֱ֣ĳ꣬һ߳廹һߴЦº֣йֽС
꿴ûһۣ߾߾һ˲䣬ֻһͣԭأѪܵԴȴϡ
ȻİԴժûӦϵЦɱԭͷһĻǰΧ˺ݺݵˣֶŵùǺժͷĻⱲӶûĺëȫըһɺӽŵװֱš
ִһ˫ֵĿ⿴һϵͷֿһǾѪغͷʬ壬꣬ѵһĭףףҫ
һҩķ㶼ܱΪǿߵĻ¾ûǿ߿ˣǰҫֻͷ­Ȼͷ­Ц漴һ˦ֽͷ­һԡ
һĻָ˵˴ĥӰͷ­˵ˣǾǲõģ˿ֱǶħһĴڣǣŵĸ֣Լаĸе㲻ҽӽҫΪ߿ֲǵĵˡ
ҫͷ­֮󣬻ǰ˫Ŀһ̧֣漴¶һַǳЦݣڵҸϵüʱû°ɣֿңûʲôѽ
ժ˵ͷ­ûʲô㻹ʲôһǿѹеĿ־壬Сš
֪ôģڵе㲻̫ҿҫΪҫԸתʵ̫ˣһ뻹ǳѪɱ¾Ķħһͳڼк˸²͸һȷϣҫǷӣе֣֮һֻ֪ɱ¾ɱ˿
ʱɫŮҲƮȻֻüͷһǾͷʬ壬ֿ˿ҫֻѪܵƣֱŭԹҫ磬Ժôɱˣˣ
ı飬Լæŵͷ֣ҫͷܣûЦ
Щŵĸ֣аĸ֣ĸ֣һžֵԼһֲϵģмʲصģŻ֮ǰҫǻժͷľٶŵòᡣ
㵨ûУ˼콭ЦˣҫƳƳ죬Сֹš
ҫĻûӹĶ䣬⻰ǷЩŻˣǱĬ֮ƺֶ˽ȥֻûʲôɲˣŰҫúõһ٣İҫ޵˵Լ´βˣͣ֡
һ־֮󣬰ҫչɱ¾Ӫȣֻƾ֮ӲһѣЩŸִıͷܣжף˰׼һƣзĸִɱ¾˳֮£һȻʼ˰˵ļ
ڰҫѼ⵶ɨз֮ʣĦϴһƬĿռ䲨ʮٲһ뻯ߴռ
Ϊ׵˸Ǹһ޿ƥ֮֮¶Ƹľѡҫ̧ͷʮ뻯ʱʱǰһЩ˾ǰеǿԮˡ
Ϊ׵˷ֱһĴ󺺣лһֻ̣һԷ򸾣Ůɣһֳ֪Ե̬еÿʲӢˣ˷ֱ𸮵ĸ˾ͽ죬ԼѩѱĽݷ򸾡


ʮ аʹԶ
ò˵ǰҲͻƵˣûأ˾ͽԵĽ΢΢һЦڵ
Ľһۣҡͷ̾ϢҪƷɰңôܴﵽľ磬ֵ㡢ġҸĪܴﵽѾǷǳǿˣ
˾ͽεҡҡͷһۣڵˣ㻹Թ԰ĵУν죬˻ǽ̤ʵصĺãʲô츳츳ģ̫ˣοǵ֮Ʒɴٳɵôʲôߵְ֮
Ľһۣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵ˵Һܺ棬Ʒȥˣа޼ɵȫµĹ켣뻯޼ɵĳ治Ʒô
ƷɰʱǻزˣĻǼҲ޿ְ˾ͽ̾Ϣһҡͷ
زⷽػʲôطʲôסӦòܰɣĽһü⣬ϵıԵúܲ죬ʵ
Ǹ⣬˭Īַˡ˾ͽʼ磬ڻص
ĽɫһüͷšһʲôһĻбסƷɣϾⷽҲ˴ﵽִ˵Ŵڵľ磬ҲֻܶƷв
Ʒɵı£Ҫסƿ϶ҪһֽŵģҲҪΪģİȺС˵˾ͽ˰֣漴Ŀһ·Ħϵս¶һɭȻЦݡ
ĽҲǵ˵ͷ˰˰֣о뻯ĴڣѩѱĴī¡ϹٻסԼѩܹܣʣµѩѱظ֣˾Ӷֻ̫ϳϡ
˾ͽ󣬹뻯Ĵڣ˾ͽᣬīԼصĹɷ֮⣬뻯̫ϳϡ
˫ǰʮ뻯ߣʵԺɨ񽭺ʮ󳬼֮뻯ɵƻֻþ춯ݡ
˾ͽĽ˵ʾ⣬ʮ뻯ɽͻǿҵĺХĦϵս֮УǸʱн񾳴˷мɶ
˾ͽĽĸ֣ζбóԼڽųɵսҪ಻һаҲ֪֪аһңܷġ
ɾѩѱĸּս֮аһ뻯Ҳ̳ħѱص뻯ʮټа뻯֣ʮ֮ࡣ
˫뻯ֵҲ࣬һӴ֮͵ıһĺ죬ֲ˴˷ɽҡβͣ·ҪĦƷһ㣬춯أ
ǰļң˫ֶսһ˾ͽĽݷȴ˿ûҪֵ˼˵죬ͻȻĽȻĿһߵĽЦ๫㿴
Ľһ㶣˳ĽȻָȥ֮Ǹ߸߹Ц̧һӣһռɢһӣһãȻİҫѾĽǰ
ҫգգƤ֮󣬸æʩһ񣬿ڵݼ˾ͽУδĸˣ
ҫƺߵЦĽݷһۣ漴˵ףŮ밲ˣĽݷ򸾼״ҲЦӯӯĵ˵ͷ漴ֿҫ
ܲŲĹ⾰ȻѴ֮Խӽ꣬Ԫ޳ˣǳĺãʵĽŮˡĽЦеĳŵ˵ͷ԰ҫ޲ڡ
Ľ֮ԣҫɵЦӺףһԵ˾ͽҲǷǳ޵Сһܲ츳Խ֮ѡұıҲֲ٣ĳɾ˵ܸأ
ҲҪǸʱа
˾ͽĻո֮ʣһЦ֮Ļ˵ĶУ˾ͽ΢΢üаù⣬󣬼Ȼ˾ͲҪͷڹˣɣ
˵꣬˾ͽָһһռ䲨ͻȻɽХһĿռܺɨǰռܳԶʱһռɢռܸռʧ֮Ӱǰ
ųֵĶˣüĿ㣬üĿӢģǴǶԲɣϿԿ˱Ȼʲô֮ҲⷽΪ֮ͨ۷ǿ֮һˡ
аʹеʹʥʹ˵ţδĵĹħţҲ̫˰ɣĽƳһۣ
ÿɷһЦûڣԵȴһڵаҪħţĽݵûʲôϵɣҪ˵Ӧ̫²Ŷѽ
һ䣬˾ͽЦһм֮ɫڵʲôСû˵ķݣһ߰Ĵȥ
걻˾ͽǳҲգ΢΢һЦ˵ɫһ˵˾ͽҪ̫֣λ¹ݣʵɲ֮µġ
𩣬λǰˣ֮ǰȷһأλǰǺǣ𩹰ֱȭ΢ЦЦݸһּթյĸоôô
ݶ֮صСԳһڲȴʮֵʿ֮˵ǹǿһʵͬҲǽʮ󳬼֮һ
˵һʹʱʵһĪĵزΪ¹Ȼô޿ֵĶײĽ
ĹȨߣͬҲ뼯ȨƶȣϮһһϹžڹķo񹦡ٵĹһڹΪϰĻ񹦣˺Ҳ
Թʱаʹȭ߷ħŵţҪħųռ⵱Ȼڳıߣ˰ҫҲϤκӵֻκӵûбĿꡣ
ˣҲϻˣǴ촰˵ȡħţȰ㻹ȥڣûᣡ˾ͽ˰֣˵
һз˫ۣЦҲһλ֮ҲǣԶҲԿġ
ȻΪ൱ǾҪ˭ֶθӸˣλǰĴĽѾãտҪ۽簡Ц˵˫Ŀ޵Ƴҫ֮Ϲһ⣬ȥ԰ҫʲôصĳԹƵġ
ʱĽ˾ͽǶһۣ漴ֹЦѿ𩶼ЦˣһãȻ֮ɫ
ûã˾ͽֹסЦ⣬ԶĶ˳Ц󰡣СûʲôʶҲͰˣҲϹ۲ɣԶúÿڵľǶԶô
ɫһüͷһ񣬿˾ͽӲƣϸһۣûʲôҫֻǳ񾳵ΪԼ첻κвҪ˵ҵһƵҲĽȻˡ
ĽȻȻֻ뻯ڵĴߣ˭֪ûʲôʤţҪʲôս֣Ǿĵòʧˡ
㿴ˣŶԣ˾ͽǸ߸ָָеỊ̇Ц
ôһ˵üͷĸˣϸĿ˾ͽ컳еỊ̇ͻȻʲô쳣㵣ָֻ̣𾪵˵
ƺоעԼֻ̧ͷһ˫С۾գգָԼĿ󣬱һ䣬ͻȻеŭ֮дһ˿֮漴ſھһ쳹˻


ʮ İأޡǣ
𣡡
һǺ춯أĦ붼ڲͣеƲ㱻ͱ˸ƵģʼɢΣ˵ܹʵʣĳ˷
ĦϵȺǰ׼һаһͷתͷۻ⵱뻯Ĵߣÿռֵ֮Ҳʧ
񾳵ıȻܣҲ̫ܵ˺µĸǣԵÿ಻ˣһ·ƵĶᣬվվȣҰ֮ɫ۽ǡڱǡ׷Ѫģˡ
ĦһƬңǰ׼һаһ˶ֹͣɱ¾ֹͣս̧ͷ죬λãʱӦԼñȽԶܵĴٷ֮һûУĻ³µĸǣҪ
ھ֮ϣ׵Ŀ˾ûĦϵôˣ̷ֻʱǹɺ˵ѽǶ˸ɨɳǧ֮ԶһӾûӰ
֮ͨ۷֣һˣҪȥǸϢ˹ƻᱻָűӳЦ
Ϊ飬ֱǻ̫֮߳Ҫ޷ţƫƫʵˣȷǱˣ޿ɡ
ʲôĴڣΪʲô֮ΪͨߣΪǵȷ֮ͨƿصѾԾԾ˿ռ֮پ֮С
һѾⷽеܣΪؼƿصȣֱôЩʲôյ棩ԭ
ԭʵһַǳܣʣҲţȴִţֻе뵽֮ͨʱŻ֡
ԭֺڵԪʧȡ֮ĽԭԪɴֻǻ뵽ԭ֮УͶӰ֮ڡ
򵥵˵㽫ӵв֮ʹҷ֮еԪͶӰὫ飬Ӷﵽ״̬
ͬʱԭӳ֮£ѾﵽؼΪĵز׽£ɽУνĳ뻯㾳յǰͬϷһ㣬ֱ֮
Լһ컯컯ָľԭǱӰֻС֮󣬳ͨյԭľΣ֮ԭŻῪʼ챾ԪͶӰԭԲɾ֮ͨ
Թʱ֮ϣС֮ͨߣֱ˾ͽ졢Ľ𩣬ȻҪһڻָеİģǶѾɹ۳ԼıӰﵽ벻Ƽɲĳ̶ȡ
ȻֻܳԭҲһСС˺ģԣ֪飬ȴ֪֮ͨڵİҫ¶֮ɫһŵ񣬿˾ͽ컳еİ̡
˾˾ͽ⣬ֻǣǣǶޣȻɨҲ̫̫˼ˡ̫֮ǰǹҫѵ˿ĭ˵ý
˾ͽһЦشʱ򣬻еİͻȻ̧ͷСԴһƫҫ漴ҫһᣬ֮ǵ˼ɴҫ
ҫǵķһܣһ˫ʶҪȥ˭֪ǾȻ˳Űҫֱۣһͷ˰ҫĻУðҫԼΧ˶סˣ˾ͽ춼һ֮ɫͰûлع
ڰҫĻпȥӣԴͣĹŰҫţͷǵĲУҫǵɴ˫ۣ㶵ʵո˵Ҫңʲô˼
أأǵֹ˹ҫţ۾䣬쳣̹
ϢʲôϢûף˵ôҫһֱŰǣһͷš
أأ~~~~ǳŰҫͣĽлƺڽʲô
˵С𰡣ǵģСȷǸһֻÿζײβѼھŹɽһôҫЦӯӯķţеСǳ׽񣬿ĳֻǲͣƺ׽ŷǱѰĹϵ
ҫ֮󣬰໵Ľҫһ漴ľϲ֮ɫŰֹסĵͷϻ˵ſԣû֮Ļһͷˮ岻ϻ
ڰҫǽ̸֮󣬷˶һĿ⿴Լҫ˼ĸЦ漴ǸĿ˾ͽ죬΢Ц˾ͽС˵ȥң
ȵȣ˵Ըģ˾ͽִ̧˰ҫĻָָİǣڵ
ҫܲ˼ĵ˵ͷһɫɵ˾ͽߣһ߽еİǵݸһ߿ڵҾãС߰ɣϾˣ𸮲ļңܾеⲻȥ
ҪԸ㣬ҵȻûˣٺò˾ͽæҵİ˫֣˵
ʵԭ˾ͽҲ᲻ðǣҫǵݸԼҪȥӣɾûü̧֮ʱѾһ˫ۣݺݵĶţ˵һԿŵ˾ͽ첻ȥӣֻ˸˳ˮ顣
ӱϿֻƺ˾ͽĳʵ˵֮仹ûʲô֣֮Ӧ˵˾ͽû뷨ΪֻǿɲʲôѰޣϹʮ֮һһǡǡ
ǣϹʮ֮һǷ֮ԣ֮ⷽķ֮ƿأΪʮ֮һʵֲ쳣֮ͨɵ֮
ʵڵçĹʱ˾ͽ͸ǺݺݵĴһܣçĹǣ˾ͽҪפȻҪõ׼˫̸Ĳ̸ֱӿ򣬶ѱ˴˸ϳ
Ҳͦ˼ڼսҹ֮˾ͽȻ֮ƣǵʵڹǿǿܹ֮ãͬʱÿԲ֮ʣʵᷭӣ˾ͽ첻УҲġ
Ʒɳ֣סľеͣ˾ͽǴ˹ʶ˴˻ַݻദҲ˵˫Ǻϵûʲô֣֮Ҫ˾ͽ켴ʹᣬҲûȨ¡
ۼ˾ͽѲͣҫҲ֮ɫ˾ͽ΢ЦǾͶл˾ͽˣպõĵطܿھǣҫȻȫԸǣ
˾ͽ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڻصҲҸ͹ϵֻǹڹˣ˭ɣҲûȨǿġ
ҫ΢΢һЦ̧СԴҲ쳣ܵзۣɰҫʱĦаһʼˣ˷·յʲô糱ˮȥۼһĻҲ˵ĺܣǱɨɵĿ֪Уˡ
ǵʹе֪֮湻ϵġ˾ͽۼаһˣһԵĽЦ
ڣֻҪסˣǾܶǵչɱ¾ǵʵҪþܽ¾벻ҲаĽ΢΢ͷĻص
ţôĦľˣȥǱ߰ɣ˾ͽ˵ͷ˶ûзԵ̧һӣܿռһһӣҫѾһ֮УĿСԼҫǡ
С˵ĳ֣˿е⣬Ľ˾ͽ˵ͷ΢Цͷˡ
Ľ˰֣΢Цˣ£ôӲĵΣ
ѾûдˣֻڵĶػûɾʱûС̾һ΢΢ҡͷڻص
ʱ򣬰ҫǰһ΢ЦףжôһֵܣǴ˵Ķ֣ӦܰﵽŶ


ʮ ϲⶾ
֮ϵһµϣǵһ֮£ǹ֮ӵ
ʵǲûƴһսı£˾ͽ˵ǰ㣬սΣ˾ͽĽ㹻ԼסôǾͻǵ£ɻԵĴ
ȻԼЩ³뻯֮٣ʵ൱ǿһڴĽҲֻ̧һȰˣǵĲôȫûпŵĳɷ֡
Ҳ˵Ǽ˵£ֻǷַӵ飬һǵתǹͷĽ˾ͽֶԸԼˣǿ֮ˡ
Ȼ𩶼֮Ͼû֮Ԫδ֮нͶӰӡûдﵽĵزĽ˾ͽ˼ǵִ֮£пܽɱģҲҪһˡ
ˣڿ󵱻֮£˸սǹɾ춯ص֮Զ˾ľ룬µ֮ϡ
һ񣬿ɶҪǣĽ˾ͽ˴ҵȵ֮ǲİ߷߲ƽĴһµ棬ҧгݵĵͺȵ
ӵ㲻ˣɷϣǲ룬ôľƣǾ൱Ĳˣһ֣ǻĻôںʼ磬Ц
ô˵ϸ룬ô£ֵȼޣԼܶһ֮ͨĻԼ߿˿ûƴڵġ
ʵأαģǶһ֮ͨǾ죬ԭһɾǶ˹Ħ֮ǴѶʱԣ˵һˣѾ˻ȥˡ
ĴѶ֮󣬲ûѪƫƫãȭʱѾ˵ˡ
ڴ¶֣֮ǰ;ҪƳҲ˴˻Ǻϵûиߵ֣֮ڿɺãʯͷԼĽţƨɴкˣڿ˺ֱľ棬Ȼˡ
Һܺ棬ǼһﵽڸʲôԵ޹ʴкˣַ֪޳ˣӦĸˣ֮ɫ˵
ÿɷİ˰֣Ц㲻һԳһ񣬲аҲֻǺѣҪҲֻܽˡ
Ҫ¿ɲװϾĸ֮ͨ뻯ҲнʮλǿѿеӲͷأʹ뷨ҵǿԸ״һ¡
ڿĻո֮ʣһˬʵЦ˽µϵУһɫˣڿ˵ǰ
һ꣬漴ֿԵ𩣬Ҳǽע꣬һЦ΢΢Ƿʩһ񣬿ڵү
ае϶ֻЦеİ˰֣ʾ˲Ҫ񣬵Цʹˣȥ֮һףλ۹͵ġ
΢΢̾Ϣȭһɫû񣬲Ҿӹ
̧һָ˻Σ΢ЦԣѾˣɵķǳãʵ񲢷ǹħ׼ңǵѣħűǲ߷ţԤƵĻҪãʸ۹͵ġ
һۣûʲô̫ı飬мĿ˳һۣߵ˵ͷ΢Цˣǽ˶ȥɣǵҪӡǣһĿҪһˣòһͷϵȷ򵥣ô͸ǵİҫһϲ
һ䣬ͷЦ˼תȥҡͷ̾Ϣλа⼸СǸй֮ϴĳ侲϶թκӵǶıаһȷǲͬ졣
һ֦ؿҫߣʱˢˢĿС΢΢һЦŰҫ֣ڵӣ
ҫ΢΢һЦеСݸ߽ӹС֣Сǿɰͷ­ЦͣС̧Դһֿһ۰ҫ˼ƺôԹ˼ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷСŴſĻС
ҫСǰ΢ЦĺһףߺúõĴ˰ҫۣǴ΢Цɣ
ҫ˵ͷͬʱҲһܵĸǣ΢΢һЦҲͬг˹ػο֮ɫϴ׾죬ô˵ȥˣǺúΪǵĴ󹦳ףһ¡
ҫһЦ˵ͷ˵ҲǣҪаҫǣס˾֣飬ħ׼ҵľƾûôֹˣʹǵĴڣҲδֵʲôá
ԣҫ֮г˰׼ҵĴ󹦳ʵҫԼûоʲôԼϾĸɺϣܷܲǼս֮Уħ׼չĴɣ׼ԼıңҫȻ鷢
ɲԼߵģԷ֮ͨԼֻǳ񾳶ѣ˵ˣԷܰ
ƫƫûжֵ˼û˵ŤͷˣҫŪһͷˮȻ첻֣ҲǴһȻĻҫ治Էһָͷѵġ
ʱСֱһӶռһܵĻŤһӣҫСʧ˵ǰ
ҫٴܻ֮ܿǰһƬ޴Ĺ㳡㳡ΧһȦɫƣм䴦ϥ˫Ŀ΢΢һЦҫ˴ˣҪʲô˵
ҫͷɵǺǵЦţŰĳԼ֣ҫСǰߣ˫ĿСһۣ΢ЦС飬ȥһ°ɣҸҫ˵䡣
С΢Цĵ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôֲ¿ռͨ뿪ˣĵ棬΢Ц£Ϊúÿ㡣
ҫ΢Цŵ˵ͷϯضϸ˰һۣüĴһ㵭֮üڵףжᰡ
ĵȻһЦ˰֣ڵûʲôˣΪΪҲͻʱѣҪɾҲǳ¶ѣ˵˵ɣ˵ﵽˣͨĳأܺãǳãҰĵĶӡ
ҫ˼ĸЦԼϿޣие޵ůʵŮľ۴Լĸһޣ˵Ͽɶ˵ҪģҫҲ⡣
ʵ⵱Ҳ˺ܶģҲǻԵɺ֮£ͻƵ񾳣ûø״ʧͺҫͷ΢ЦֽԼ뿪ľ򵥵˵һ飬Ӷ˵Цڡ
ȻΪ񣬵ͨߣˣ˶ȻǼΪԵģиֵܣ壬ľֻҪܽڵĶسߣ򶾵ĶһãֶΪأҫ˵
˵ʵҲ˵Ĺ涾ȻѾĻ߰˰ˣ֮ͻǴ󳬹˰ĵԤϣҪҲҪһֽŵġ
ҫ˵ֵʣľô¾ͼˣֻҪԷԼڵĶس߼Լûж鷳ԷҲɶһá
ҫģҲֻ΢ЦͷҫȻ˲õֵܣдοҫûзԼһϲһöͨѶģҪһˡ
ڴͨѶ֮󣬰ҫֱ⣬ȭû뵽ǣȻܾˣҫԼĶǲˣԼСܣȻܾԼǴûз顣
תһ룬ҫжʱһֲõԤУΪʲôϹõĴҫɫһüͷһ
˵ҹΪаٽŹɽѱٳˡ


ʮ Ӧ֮ߣа
аѹپŹɽ֮£Ϣҫʧɫķ·ҪγѪʵҫкףһǳҪģô죬ǳ˰ҫ֮⡣
ҫһڣҲʾΣֻ˵һ仰ؾأزסĻǾͶ㵽䡯治ҪԼǿԮϻأǾס
ͨѶʧ֮󣬰ҫԴ˼һԵİҲ˰ҫĶԻҲ̫ÿ˿ҫҫǱߵҲ⵽аĹ˰ɣҪΪ֧ԮĻܿڱǣΪػ㡣
ҫȻһЦڻصûµģףа֮УֻıԤƵ˵ѣзִ磬ҲܹӦ
ĵ˵ͷİҫļ򣬿ڵҫȻǲϲãҰĵĶӣ޷ıʵΪ֮ǰǷֻ࣬ҪвĻᣬҫ㾡ܿڱǡ
Ű϶ı飬ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵҵףһȻϣҪǷǾǲТҲ£ֻǺԼĵ·泤ҲãڼﳤҲã뿿Լ߳һԼ·
ãǳãҫ־ǼǿˣΪ֧뷨ȻʲôҲҪԼӲϾǼȻǸӣ׸ʵϵ֧ҲӦģͲҪƴˡνϲ⣬ҫ뷨е쳣οһػ־ĶӣԼ޺ˡ
ô˵ҫͷתת漴΢΢һЦڵȻô˵ˣǺͲˣ״˽輸á
Уû⣬ʣŵǰ׼ҵ뻯϶ʮ񾳸ָһȥһ֮аĴĴһӣھ뻯ʮ񾳵ĳǿס
ҫˣ㶵˵Ϊҫøˣ˵øֲ׸һȥΪͲõˣȻĹϼһĶȷΪҲǳصģѹһҲȫû⣬׼ҵиȫ߰ɡ
ôһ˵ҫæҡ˫֣ڵããײô࣬ȻаѾˣδͻȻɱǹ԰׼ҵĸһŵĸ֣Ҿʹ߸ҲԭһЩ콾ǡ
ǣǵֻܲѡС˴ﵽ񾳵Ϊ˻ֻĳ̶ȣȥӦòɣ΢΢һ㶣ĺ֮ɫ治֪ҫ«ʲôҩ
ҫҲǹŪİ˰֣ڻصɽơ
ڰҫŹӵʱݾŹɽԭɽׯľַ֮ϣ١°ܰΧһɳΧָָ㣬۲ͣ
洫鱨ѾˣаƲС򣬵ǧСʥΪһǧڵΪĸ֣һǧپ߷ɿٶ֮ĸ֣񾳹ʮˣǾ;ۼɽķͤ򡣡ޱĻ˵
һ˽ǵһаǺôֱʣ˵ĸ֣ǵСǼһ࣬һʥһ֣Ƕĸ־͸˵ˣԼϣȫǴơ
ʵҲδб濴ȥô⣬ռŵǷһǴսĻʹУҲʧء۾һգգĿɳ̣˵
Ӧ֮ߣٿʵ
΢ЦҡͷڵȺ̫ˣаܲȫѹǿһʱ䶼ŲסֱӾͻᱻ׼𣬿ҪǽǴɢˣֱǵʵôҪֵҲμˡ
һԵĳ°üָָͤ򿪿ڵߵܵ˼ǣؾŹɽս¿ڷͤ
΢΢һЦ°ڵˣ
ˣϸ˵˵°üʵֳҲǽȫ
ҲӣָָɳϵľŹɽ΢ЦŹɽǸ֮һѹյأôõĵΣһҪúãҪ֪ûǲɵģǰȫͬ裬ǶԳµĸ˵ƻ൱Եġ
ԣչʱ򣬽ǵĳȫǵķƣ϶϶ãϵľӾͽǲµķʩԼӦзֶз֮ǰҲƽˣⳡ̵Ҫ㣬ϡ
һ䣬˶ʼͷ˼˵ͷڵƲֻ߲ǵܴ󡣡
̾һ˰֣ڵҲû취еİ취ˣҪһζıأʵǳŲ˶೤ʱ䡣
ߵܣļƲܳŶãһѪʵ
عƣһʱǼˣҪͶ˳صĻǵѹܼһЩģֻˡü̾Ϣһڵ
ٰ˰֣㲻õģҪ浽˱Ʋѵһ̣ȥǺˣܰǵķʩô
ܰ˵ͷڵݾͲ˵ˣ֮ǰ˵ĲԣסߣһĻϵܵһ̶ȵˣһ񾳵ﵽλϵᱻƻ
ܰĻٵ˵ͷڵϵù˻ؽʲôȱǲȱԴҪܷܲסһʱ
ǳڵĻӦû⡣ܰͷ˼Ƭ̣ɫ
ţôھͰзսԱȫúãеսȫñսˣҪƸһأֵҫֻҪҫôδûлʤϣٳ˵
ҲȻĵ˵ͷǶ԰ҫμᶨƣΪҫһᴴ漣ˣһ漣Ȼ˵ҪŵǿԮôȵʱ򣬱Ȼܹ
ϲǣ˻ΪŲ֮ʱһɧڳнһ⣬ǰһĻľѡ
аĴˣϣǧӥλĴųƬƬ磬ÿһӥλı϶һӰǲٿԱ֮ƴ̾Ϊֹ
ٿϣѹѹܿɽǹһ࣬·ǰɽ屻һɫᣬһߣԶ˶ܸоǹǿҵɱ֮
Ҫ˵ĿĻҪ̤նʮˣΪ׵Ҳİֱаϴģ϶Լκӵаħ
ħ֮УǷǳϤֵģĢűħħ𡢽ħħɣħֱǘOħɮԼħʥħǰаõĳ񾳸֡
аĳùŴʥϽ˸еֵǣаûһ뻯ĴߣҲ֪Сưҫһʲô˼ɣֻʲôıڣ֮аΰڳݣԳƵ֮ˡ
аӣ齨Сħĳˣܣζõֱʺе̫˵ɣԸҫˣӦòôʦڰɣǰľŹɽȻһЦԴеκӵ˼
ʦôҿɲôãҶҫ֣Ӧ֪ʵһˣаҲû˾ɱȴûһγɹҲҲòɳݣȷһʧκӵһۣ˵
ˣڲʱȰ°ˣ˭󣡡ĵ˵
һκӵȻҲǰҲһһȣŹɽ˸ţʮϢʱͶ򣬱㽫ȫɱһ


ʮ Źɽķϵ
羪ףĻﴫŹɽɽ嶼ʼͣĲҪѹҫһˣս֮
ڳµһ˲䣬Źɽ͵˵ӰնǹٵˣκơϹˡ
Ѿǰҫһóȫ񾳸ˣҶָжɻڱչ֮УֻǶڵľҴһ˿΢𶯡
ʱٵĵ˸˫ű˴ˣ絶ոԽ
аҲ˵ЩûʵĻˣҪ˵ͶǶԱɣǵĻŴӦòᷢɣȿڣ΢Ц
Ҳô˵ģаʣǼͶܹаõģֻǰҫĻǱҪģֻҪǸƲϵа׳Ƴҳ֤ÿ˶Ӹλٻ֮ýǣǸǴһѽЦǺǵ˵
˫ǳ񾳵ߣ۸ĶԶܷǳڶ𣬳Ļٵһ㶣һƲҡҡͷڵƪ˵ֱ˷ʱ䣬ҪսǾսɣ
һ˵ǳ׵ļŭ˳ֻɫһ漴ޱȣɭȻЦҪȻ㲻ʶ̧٣Ǿȫɱ˰ɣ
һ£ϵа巢һ֮쳹ѹѹа糱ˮһӿϾŹɽȺɿջҲȫֱѹٵˡ
ˣҸ˾ְλܡߵܣ˵ܣϵķͽˣܰǾ֮⣬ζҪסǰΪһͬʱаĳ񾳸ǣжɣ
аǵصƣԵ쳣ĵϹž޲ƽƽ˿ûлҵļսʱָ߾ʧӰģٵ侲ݵие١
һ䣬°˽ǵ˵ͷûаֳɵ׹䵽棬պϴǰȥٿطʩܰˣ֮󣬳°һʣܰЩսԱúô
ܰɫĵ˵ͷڻصѾȫŽ֮ڣеķʩѾȫֻм͵ʩҪ˽ֶٿأǹȥ
°˵ͷתͷڵ˵ܣܰȥһˣǡ
˵ͷܰȥ°пһһŵЦݣڵֵܣξаĹǣúüʶʶѵս޻ء
΢Цͷȭͷ漴ɶȥ˵аʼɱϾŹɽǧ˵ĴһһߵĸоƼƴ
ɽٶȲûеô죬Եúܼѣھɽǧ֮ЩаľʿٲΪ裬ÿһ̧ȳ쳣ѣΪξɽ壬ʮϵǾŹɽϵһ֡
̶ȣ˱˵վˣڵƶҪӲѹҪаľʿÿһʥΪûһ̤뵽Ƭ
ԾŹɽɽڲв㣬Źɽɽ徭ҫ˵Ĳϵĸ֮£ɽڲľرʮ֮£һߴ׿в㣬вڲȷֲʯһƬ֮ɽǧ֮أʮϵ
Ҳĸ飬Ļ˵²ܷУܵٿ죬ٸҲ޷ƣһһٰʮְʮĴʮ£Ҫû񾳵ΪܲѣƬʥĽ֮ء
ʵҲԤϵЩʥľʿ̤һ̣űһһӡǰȥ
ʮļӳ£ﵽصĵزǵʻܳǵɳܲˣЩʼڳѪڵϴڴڵѪ
ǧ߹׵ٷ֮һûУЩȫ񾳵Ϊгľİٶ֮ĸǡ
ѾǳͨľΪνķ£̫á
ʱ°ңɽǷɳİٶ֮ĸǣǧƽʿԴֻ˾ӣɢ˵ս⣬ûһ˶а˺Ĵеη塣
ߵܣ湻ģǵѹˡ
°ɽµĴ·ţǰ΢һϾĴҪǳɱԼЩ񾳵νҲţЩҪǳôԼĽһⲿʩƶҪһ
ҡͷЦָָȺڵҲֻǻ֮ƶѣ˾ӦǷǳľ˵ģӦʮ֮ƬǶԽͬ裬ڻҪȽǣ˵ܣ㷢ˡ
ָָɽЩԽԽа֮ǣ漴ͷҲصĵЦĻո£ɽ۵ĵ·ϡ
ӭаǣǸ߸ɭȻһЦֻϥأһƸ߸̧漴͵һĵ棬һƲûɶƣӴһ˲䣬һɫĶ纣һ㱩ӿ
Ǿ綾ɫѾﵽɫĵز˵Ǿ綾еľ綾Ķİٶ֮ĸǲҵķֶʩչޣɾȫӴɫĶ֮˷ǵľٶǲ֪ν
İٶˢˢķڵأ֮ˣһ·﷢һ鴤ͣƤɫгѪ˿°ĭȻжģ
ĶԽԽˣҲʲô£ΪڸŹɽ֮󣬾ѾŹɽеĶݶ˸飬򶾶ϵᴿ䶾֮ڸֶմȾǰİٶ龳ĸ֣ȻǰֲɵֵҪѹƶܡ
ôʼɣϵȫ򿪣һɽ±һƬǣһöͨѶģ˵
ףϵȫڴܰĻ֮ʣĽȺУʼһƬ춯ڿڣ֮ķ¶һĻ
Уһкķף׳׵ľʻشӵرϵǧ֮࣬ΧʮţľлصһͷǴ򿪣¶ļͷÿһжʮ֧
ľʻس֮һӣ籩һкǰŻ֮󣬻صر·Żؼɨ䣬֮ٴλصر֮½š
ϿŹɽһɽ·һ㲻ͣ䶯ţһߵаҲƹһһƬĵ£˺ŵֱֵ䷭ڵأֻһѣа˾ǧˣսһ浹
ааķɿҲͬͷöǽӽŹɽɽҵʱ֮ǰڿڰ󰡣ֱӾһ䣬жʱǳƬƬĻƬ䣬·һ㣬漫׳ۡ
Źɽа֮ĹսѾչʱŹɽڲУָҶĶнš
磬ҸոպǸаӵ϶ǻɣ
ǣҲˣҪͶǣ˵˭ͶаӸλȴΨĵܲԣɱɡ
ģ⻹ˣǳذɣᵽҪĵܵҿˡ
嶯ӦѾչսˣϴߵӦѾһУʱҪȵؼʱ̣䲻⣬ЧóȻжҪá
УģξȺȥá


ʮ ǧӣħʥ
ʵҪ˵аսۣҫ˻ûΣֵսڵʽĹսǵһΣȻһҲһΣֻǴβǰҫһı
ս۴죬Źɽķϵνڼ䣬аķɿûͻ룬ΨһǱɸӣΪһѲƬڵء
ϣͣǣ޷϶ɨа޵ͷܣٶȿǣʮҪܶܣǳƬƬĵ¡
˫ֻһѣаĴͱĺм֮ٲʲôıĻôаοҪˡ
һ˰ѵϵľƸסֵһϣ
ϣκӵ̲סʼܷʩܿóٲЩظγôʹܹ¾ŹɽҲҪʧأ˽ǡ
üľҲаеӣȰѵϵľƸסҲҪټʧӵֵεģֻһˡ
һյκӵĴ֮󣬻֪ˣͷһŮףֱһһŮ
еݣͦݣһӪĸоֻ˫ӿ˫ۣزסķâз룬ѹ֮аڰӵλá
ŮķòοˣĸȳƣüӣҿڣһĿˣһҲаһһһȻҲа֮һˣжСѹ֮˵ģλаӵλá
ʣµҲˣϷ˾սϾ곿аĺפƣһһκӵ֮˶һ۵˵㣬漴Сȡһƿһö̷¡
ӵҩ֮ҩ̼㳹ɢӽһ˫Ŀ񾫹˸һ˽ǳ𣬽̤ն׹ССһöҩȻȫӲ˳֮
ҷյĻֹ齨Ҳͳͳһڵҩĸ񾳣ȻֻαѣµĵҩƼ
һ˵ķ𣬵Զĳ°һû뵽аôĳ񾳲ڰ⵹ʼδģǰĳʮֻ֮࣬ҪǷѣôԼⷽķϵ¶ñ
аô񾳣Ǵײ˲ɣһǵķϵסǵĳǲòˡ°üͳɤӣ֮ɫ
һԵҲ֮ͬɫ˫絶˫ĿĶһ˲ţ̾һ΢΢ҡͷ۳ͨѶģڵܰȫرա
ңǾŹɽϵܿңڵصڣһȦһȦƬŹɽĸλ۵ףҲǾŹɽķϵ֮һŵƷĸ߶Сǧӡ
ǧӣһ׷ǳļϵͳǽһſӰԲľ֮УӵƬ֮ϣĻ洫Ҳ˵ǧһÿôŹɽϵһ𶼲ܣ뿴Źɽжľ
ʱܰӵָʾ֮ҲûԥʲôҵĲٿԱЩͷĻȫرա
漴ͨѶϵһ˵ĳйŹ̷֣˵ҩŻն֮ǰ̷ƼʱñǧӸ⵽ˣܰŻѡ
ܰô˵ϵüͷһƣԶһ˼ת֮£Цܰƺ÷մʩϵķͽԼܰӦһͨ
һߵĳ°ȻһЦڵ磬߰ɣȥаĳ񾳸ʲô˲ĵط
°΢΢һ㶣һл˼ϸһµ˵ͷԸĻƽʿԭشֱɶ磬ǣֻգۼһ˵ǰ
ʱһе㷸ˣԭ볹ɨŹɽĵʩܰʩָջصرе㲻֪ͣڿУ֪ô죬Ҳһ˱˴˸š
ʲôأεģ֣°ĻһһǷӦʱ°Ѿһȭݺݵĺһӡ
һɫһ˫һչĸ۳һ˫۽ת˳Ĺһǿ͵Ҫ°һȭ¡
һӴ֮һ˲ʧɫ°һȭľĳоԼϵĲȭͷһɽ֮ǿƵ֮͸Ͳܷ˵ġ
صһ¸Ƕȭͷֱ˵ĺһʵʵĺ֮ϣ˸˳ȥֱķɳʮײǱסΡ
һȭǾڳˣ°ԼҲǴɻ֮ɫһ£һԶһֿһԼȭͷôôͨͨһȭӲ£һǳô
ʱһԵɨһȦˣЦ磬ǳ񾳣ֻڵĳ񾳶ѣǵľǿҩģոһȭԿǵʵڳ񾳲Զˣһ˾ܰǶʰˡ
ŶǾα񿩣Ǻðɣ̽̽·ȣҹ
°ɭȻһЦ֮ʣ˫һ߬˫˳һȦʱһɼ产˵ľ磬˶˹ʮһûзŹܹʮȫ°ǿľǰ
L񹦡
ذȭʮʽԣ
⾢һаӣʧ˷ִһޱȣǲǲ뷴Ƿȴûһãηֿʼûа취Ѿ
Ǳ°ֻ֮°˫һ˲ȭ£°ÿһȭż͵Ҿȭ׺ƥȭѵȭӰһ£ûһܵȭ֮׷ױµ棬ڵѹССӣ°һʮţȫ֮ǿ춯ء
L񹦡
ذȭʮʽǣ
ҪָȺСаܳɾһҵȥɣСһｻϷʰ
һϵĻһӰĸݣ䣬Ƥ׾У¶һƽϢνƽֳƽĴڣ°˵һʱһǿҵѹȸȻɼ˾򵥡
ǰôƺ°һЦ
Ϸаħ֮һħʥ˵Ƴ˳°һۣ
ԭаĹϼһ㲻°ɣ
°ЦݸˣԷţôһ仰߳īߺڣŰҫ˾ˣ°˵ʵܳ󣬵Ϲһǧаʱⶾ౾չֵһӾչ˳
ħʥҲ㹻˾ȵģԳ°䳰ȷȻȫûŭļƽݣ˳°һۣһİ˰ڣ΢ЦϷò£СһһԱ֪
°üͷһͬƴ˰֣ڵߵܣȥ׷ɱӡСǣϼһң
˵ͷ˵Сģȥ֮󣬳°һ˫Ŀһɣ˵ľ⣬ƶգۼֵħʥͷϣֺ̧һȭֱԷͷ
°һȭԵȻûжྪˣ⾢Ǻ˵ǶȭͷĦˣоȭͷˣȭͷҾصĺħʥ顣
L񹦡
Ǽȭ䣡
һȭʵʵڣǳ°ıǵûаֵϲ쳣𾪣ħʥ¶һֹЦݣɢһɸӹĺ


ڰʮ ħ֣ʮ
죬ǳĹ죬°һȭħʥ飬ɾеһ˲䣬ԼȻ뵽һڰ磬ʣʲôڣֻޱߵĺڰ
°˿Ҫˣȴʹϰֵʱ°оԼ֮ϴʹ֪УƣǿƾѪͣһӣǰ֣Լѱݺݵĺ˳ȥ
ڶ𣡡
ôܣӰҵô°ǿŶʹ쳣ľ㵣ͷһħʥͣԭأЦеĿԼоʼնûжһ㣬һǿҵĹС
ƶֻ˶ѣСɱаЩһǿ˰Ϸ֮£ԣħʥűԼɵĳ°Цӯӯ˵
ޣռһ˿ˣ㻹浱Լ޵ˣƥٴ°ݺһҧŭħʥһȣһ㼲ߡ
ˣ³ç嶯һ¯ǲаħʥȻһЦһֱ°ȥһһɺ˵ˣ˷ɢȥ
ϣ°ħʥչսҲ̫ͬƽ׷ɱһ˵ʱҲܵأħ֮һľħɡ
ħһɫۣް׷ǰĳȻûʲô鷳ҪԾһ˽׷ɱѾǲˡ
λ˵ĵӣ;Ϊλ˵ķ緶ħҲæŶֻ֣˫ָǸ߸𣬿ǰ΢Ц
סңֻҪ˵ЩϻİɣɭһЦڵ
Ȼǣǰţλ˵ĵӣӦܵԴֻҪԸ齵պĵλڱ֮£аܽκãħ΢Ц޵Ƴأڵ
ҵô֪ģһЦ
Ȼλ˵ĵӣĹôܲȥأȻˣôǱȻģϾĹΥħɵ˵
ţˣлл㣡˵ͷԼصķ˵
ܺãʶʱΪܣľǳǣ
ħɴϲܹǴһϵѧǲ֮ΪƾѧĹԼʦλΨһԸƷһϳ̵ǿߣֻҪôһδؾͲܵõ
ɾ˵ʲôάĻʱȴִ̧Цˣл㣬Ҫ˳㣬Ϊлл˵ôϻпɳ֮
һħɶʱ󾪣ʱ˷ȻһƬƷ˵³˺Ӱɶžħɷ񹥻˵ӰòȻǰҫˣȻĵʩչڱġ
ڱ졤˫ѡ
䣡
һ죬ӾŹɽɽ𣬿񱩵˽ܵľһƬħɫȻĵɶǰĵӰڶչ׷˵ĲԶһɫĶڲͣӡ
СӣĶԣǶԱ˵㶾ֵһӣһŵĴЦһ׳׷ţɫߣƽǽħ
ħĿм֣κӵǲò֣Ϊκӵ˵ԼвǸʵǿˣӵȺʵˡ
ò˵֮ʵһɱڣаĴδɽһ룬κӵҪһסնɱɽħȥס
ħҲûʧһ¶ȫѹ⵽ͻȻϮ鼱֮֮ܽջأȱֺ֮Щ֮ǰа֣Ѿʼȫıƶָ
ߣ͵Ϯһ£ʲôУһݺݵ˵֮ǰȷǱħ͵Ϯ֣ų˸ƿ˵Ĳأʱ
һ䣬Ĵָָ۳ѰСɫţֻ˫ַתӶɫĶâ糤һ㣬˦ԶĽħЩâ죬ͣǿħҪмܡ
춾ı٢ָ
£ħ̳֣ΨħOħɮɲΪǵĿֻ꣬ǻûһõʱѣǣҫһĶ̰ȴһˣǾǸ̫٣ǵײ㻹Ǹ߲սҪаʵеμ穡
°˷ֱħеסҲһʮα˿ɳ֮ʮƿر㣬ɽڲпղʯڳֻҪʧȥôаĴȻܹɱɽ
ˣһ˵Ѱ£رµʯϵıڳʯ٣ڷֱаĴҲ𽥵Ļָж
ʱУѾ˾ƶԼԣʼĲԣҪʲôʤֻȣܳŶãŶãһֱŵҫ֮ʱ
գתͷκ˵κǰǰǧƽʿ㽻쵼ȴҵ
κ붭һۣ˵ͷ£֮лڹߵľֻʣϹˣԵе㲻֪룬֪ٻʲô취ǰ߳ʵʲôӦ֮ô
̾Ϣһҡҡͷڻصֻ˳ƶΪһһˣҲֻܸǶһưˣʱ䣬λǰ¡
˵꣬Ҳ˵ķӦٿϥȡ˫ϥ֮ϣң˫ʮָһ˲䴫Źɽÿ䣬һУһֻɫƵС˶Ƥ
峺һĿĸоɾֻǣɫʱһ䣬ýţǿң߿̶ΣķθǰаڶǣϵаԽԽǿҵɣаһüֹ
ʮ
üǳ񾳵ĸǣµЩʿԼǣȻʼһַǳֻŵĸоͺ˷֮ķһ㣬ľս
ˣκǰǰǿԴǧƽʿɱȥסһҪ죬άֲ˶ãһߵһ˵ϲͣ麹Կƺʲôڡ
õκ붭ˣҲһ˴˶һۣ漴ŭһǧƽʿɱɽ¡
ǧƽʿǾʱѵһ֮Ȼ򵽾֮һûУսȴ൱Ĳףټǰʱ䣬°Ƴս֮ʵǿֲ쳣
ɻƽаӴ֮ս־Ȼһ浹аĴȫǲһһһһɨһƬһӾͱƽʿɱ񣬸ûֵǵĳɱ֮ơ
аĴôôȻܣʥһֻᱻͨ˸ĻôϻҪΪʲô֮ԻΪĹϵ
ʮ֮ʱһֻֿšеȸǰкΣﵽжɸᱻ߷ĵ㣬Է޷֮
ԣϡO֣ɱҪٵȥüȵ
̧۹ƣĵ沿ӾȻм֮ǻƽʿɱĶǱ쳣ͬʱһʮֱκƶѹƣʶ⵱бȻǹٵйŹ֣æħOħɮǰȥϮɱ
ħOħɮõĵָʾ֮Ҳûгɣһֱٶȥۼ˳ϹҲ䱸֮ɫԴ


ڰʮһ ˫أ
ħΪѴڣһаоŽֻħħΪһʩչɼαӣͬʱ֮лһħԣܽ˵ľʴ˵쳣Ĵ
ħΪħűƶˣʵǳһĴڣ˵ҲɣڵħűΪħаɣȴǸҵа֮л͸һҲħа֮бȽĴڡ
Oħɮںڽ̽ڣԹ٣豹棬ϻֻʮ֮䣬ĹǷĴ֮һ׽ѧ츳ֻ֮ʮԽ׽ɣͬʱھָӡָ
ڽ׽ֲ֮׽ֻкڼûսƵ辶׽ͬгɣΪ淴׽бѵ֮ɽ֮
˫ħƽ٣ϹֻӲͷƤӭϣ˵Ӱ˫ħʵ֮ǿֻǿOħɮöԸֻǳڵΪҲ൱
ħͲͬˣѴڣӵΪʹһϣδĶ֣ʽҲɲԥʲôֱֻԡ
ԸO֣ҶԸϣͷҲص˵Ϲ̾Ϣһ˵ͷ
һӴε纣һ㱬ħľŽֻħ˲䱬ǿʽȻͨƴÿһȭܶмֲ
ӣӦǱǳڵΪ׽ڼĹʹУҲܹҧס
ؿϹߣǼתֱ£Oħɮ淴׽Ӻ켶ʼ˳׵ĸı䣬׺弶ԣϹӸտʼ켶Pʱ˿̵ġ׼ءǴϹ޻֮
ʵҲ̬ϵϹ౾ľΪҲǳڣ˵ӦOħɮ²ǡ
ǣаƺƴڣ㼺ʱֿֿܵأȰҫ˾ôвûǰġ
аѾʼ𽥵ռϷ磬аĸֻʮһûг֣Ӿ˵ѾȫռţʱбаΣգϹѾͶ֮⣬ҲʵӲʮ֮һOħɮȫѹơ
ߣ򣬾͸үһȥﰭۣ
Oħɮһһӣ˵ľɽɨȥϹе彣Ȼһɨ֮Ƭͬʱǿľǽ˸һߡ
Ϲ˲ԵʧOħɮ𿪺󣬾Ȼ׷ԼǰֱɶOħɮһɭЦݣգۼԳ嵽ǰ
ʱ˫ɷɿĲңֻɢɫ˫ĿϹ˸ȻOħɮ˲ɲΪרĵĲңʮ
ʮԿжΣһ뵽ж֮󣬱Ĳ˵ϵЩа̾ͻɺ޷֮ϺΪǧƽʿĴ׸
СеĿǵѪ٣Oħɮ˫ۻаЦʵ
ΣٿҲһۣĻص
ǵĻٺòүռãүҪˣΪ˴л㣬үʹ󷢴ȱȫʬˣ
OħɮѪЦݣֻ̧𣬻±һ㼫产˵ĺ˳һƶݺݵĺٵͷ­Ʒٱ׺ƥһҪǺˣٿҪɥȪˡ
ˣɰܿɣԘOħɮڵһƣа̾ʮûٵȥˣԼֻȱȷͼơ
ȫԼĵֹͣˣôϵľ̼һߵЩѹаת˲ܽǧƽʿ𣬵ƱǿֹͣԼҲҪژOħɮϣʵǵòʧ
ϴ㾡ܵӣͺ¿򷢣ɾڹٴͣµ֮ʱһЦ֮ǳͻأĳߣⷬ侲ĹҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬ϲҵĶûͣ¡
ֵĺͻأһӰֵĸͻأһ·˲һژOħɮֳӥצ֮ƣĿס˘Oħɮ˫磬˫һOħɮݺݵ˦˳ȥ
һϢǿOħɮûв˸ƿ˦ɘOħɮ֮аЦ֮ɫͺ¿ôҪ˵ĶǰɣҸϹé滹һʺҪҪҪĻȥðɣ͸㡣
⻰OħɮӶˣΪаħ֮һ۶ڶ˭˲ÿͿʺʩȻһС㼥Цĸ޲ýƤǡ
СҿǲˣҶԱү񣬱үվ֪֪ʲôOħɮ˫ĿѪҧгݵŭ
Уͺ¿˵үŴģ֪֪ʲôȡŶԡ
һƲ°΢΢̧ǰʮģҪжˣOħɮŭһһԽľңֱ꣬һӭϡ
˭˵ģҶĻ˭ͬҲǳ񾳣ûг֣ΪӲĸסͬʱصĻָС
ʵ֮ǰһӱͻƣֻǵʱľʵ³çãų֣ʱŸոպáҶѾOħɮչսָأʱվھŹɽԵɽµսһš
ָ֮ɫ֮аż产˵׹⣬˵գָваκһˣͳͳɣ
˵ָ꣬˫ӡȻһɼĿĵɫ둹⣬ָӡһ˫Ŀһɣ˵ľ⣬漴˫һ棬һͼ֣ͼԵϣ׵ֱ֮ϡ
޼Ǭ跨
ָгŭȣ֮ʣ֮է֣ת˲뷢һˮͰ£Źɽɽµľǧ׷Χһи׵ĸһ顣
գǵ棬кûзŹǳǣЩȫ׷а˺䣬ҫһȫûܵˡ
һЩа֣˳⣬ֻҪһ㣬һ̱ҷʣһĻŻаǣһ**׺֮аν˲ء
ȵײʿѲǧ֮ǰһǧˣ׺˾ǧˡһǧپ߷ɿʧһǧߣֻʣٲضǷɿĲк
һǧ֮߰ٶѱ״У֮Ķ֣ȫûǾ֮ôܵףҲֻʣ˶ѣһֻʣ¶С㡢һκ곿ˡ
ϵĳĵ˶ˣǲԼһУԭ֮ʦȻеĿ־岻ڶ
ʵָҲŭĲŻ᲼ֲ󷨣ǳ񾳵Ϊĵȼֻ۷ܷļǿ󷨣յڵΪܲѾǷ˼ˣܱסһ漣е漣
û뵽ҫߵʿ治٣Ȼֲܲ󷨣湻յġκӵµţ֮ǰڵֵ֮ʱȻ˲أҲĻͷ۳
ˣˣֱӷܹɣ˵һ䣬ħаӡнʣ˽Ǽ
ʱҫһʧȥ֮ҲȫڹٵǧƽʿɽָҲԼĦ޾Ȼˡ
˫ռһߣ˴ŭĿӣһоλаһĳʮˣ˫ĸ߶սһԱȣǹһƣɾڳĴ㿪ڷܹ֮ʣһϤŭ
ааǻˣܺãǳãôգһˣ°ɣ


ڰʮ ˫֮
ʱͷ֮ϣȾŹɽɽ廹Ҫߵ֮ϣҫһֻ̣ҼϻվһֻɫСʮնƲȡ
ҫ֮ɫѪĿ¿Žµаˡŭˣôµаѻҷ𣬰ҫеŭѾ޷ñīݣŭˣߵŭݣ֮гɱ⡣
ԭۼѾ߹ģľŹɽһƬǽ壬ٷϵƻƿһƤֵǻٶһƣǰһвûѰҫķθըˡ
ˣֵǣˣͽҰɣҫһڣµĹٵ΢΢һЦ漴һǰʮ֣Ҳͬʱ
ϵ磬ϵɣĵܣʱյĸոպأҸճأûأҪܿɲܲҵŶҶһЦҫļЦ
ҫ΢΢һЦ漴˫סҶĲӣƵҡΣϻϹţȥ裬㻹˼˵츳͸ͻˣһֱŲչأչأȥ֪жൣ֪֪֪
ҫˣҶҲǷǳϵķŰҫ˵Ľһɨգ޲ЦҫҲǼþգҶĶһߣƳƳ죬˵͸һĻˣ
˵꣬ٵˣ˵ϴ󣬿Ĳ٣ս߰ɣｻҾͿˣ
죬˵ҫһսסû˵ڣֻεĵ˵ͷҲ֪ʲôʱʲô飬ǿʱǿִеġ
ҫ΢΢һЦļ漴ֿ°ˣ˵Ҳ򵥣бԴһ죬һȻͣȫһŲߵҫҲҡͷε˵ˣǴ˰ɣ
ҫôһ˵°˽һЦҫҲ΢Цİ˰ָָ֣ʮˣڵһѣ⼸λɶǶһٮٮŶ
ҫδ˲٣ܹʮֱǸС硢ܲѡ˾պ㡢Ρڿ֡Լ껣˽ǰҫڶʱʶµĺѡ
˫к֮˼䣬Ҳྴǵ񽭺һٮٮߣ˴֮ȻֻǳҲ˲ٵĹͬԣ൱Ĳ
ˣĸСӲקǿıڣ뻯ֻһ֮ңĳ۷ֵ֣ܣ
ֵܣħ׼ҵļҳ׼ҲеͷˣֵܲͬԸҲһģһֻ˵һ˵Ļϲϰҫһ˵Ķ࣬
ҫأҲûа취ĸһƬ⣬ԼҲʵϲֻܽǶ˴ϣԹ˫Ӵ֮󣬰ҫЩδﵽ֮ȫ䵽ȥҲûʲôԹԣʲôʵʲô£ǿĵǺܿ
Ρڿ˾պ㡢˴Ϲٻص󷽣סϵľƣĸԲĸ򣬵ϵսּǲȥˡ
ʱԳĵİҫˣѽȫͬնҫҶġ°С硢ܲѡֵܣܹʮһ񾳡
ȻɱȲаһʵѾĳǣΪҫ߿Ŷֵܣ۷ĸ֣ھѹаһˡ
οֻޣֻɶʮϹ޵ĴڣҫĹѾǵ춨ʤĻֻаһûвˡ
Ӵ㻹֪ǵĴڰŰҫЦһ
Ȼ֪ǵĴǲݺӵģһúûؾġҫЦеĵͷӦȥʵЦʵǹ˵ɱ⣬ѾƺˮһӿаһˣëȻĸо
ߣΪϼ񾳾;ԼˣռоԵƣƴ󣬰ҫҲԡݺݵҧҧŭ⿴ҫľ԰ҫ˵ƺʲôԵв
Ҳ˵ģ׼ôҫ˰֣һߣЦ
ҫӶе쳣ķŭ֮ʣȴǰĳ̧£ǲݾֻܾܴһ˫񣬽Űҫţǿҫ׼ʲô
׼óҵŭ𰡣ССŪǣȫɱһ
ϣ𣡡
ҫһ䣬ҵ𣬳͵һʶĿҫֻ۵ĳССҲ˫۵ųġ
ʱ򣬳˲оһּǿҵɱѹȸУеĿ־գۼ岻ԾĲֻȥͬһСޣӰҫϷͣڰҫǰ
ϣ
һ߿ּСϱһɺ˵Ļˣ˻׸ǣ֮͸ڷٱ󣬲Ƭ֮ãСѾر塣
һɫɢҫ۵Ĺԣͷһڱһ˫ͫէ֣һ˫צϣСһ޿ƥе𺳸УСıĿϹʮ֮һ׽
𣡡
СĽСҪ߿֣ƺҪСƵģİҫЦãֻ֮ʣܶʱ˵ķ籩סΣʮ籩Сǿҵķ羢е˫ۡ
ٴο֮ʱǰһСС̵̬תΪǵģͬë֮ɫɢ͵ĹΣһ˫ͫǵУ֫׳צ͸нɫͼʱʱ֣Ϲʮ֮һǡ
ˣ죬˶
гԳĵУʱĻиʱݲȣ˫޵ıûĵƣȻֱܷǰֻʲôá
Ϲʮеֻ׽ǣܵôܣһֻܣֻֻһ·ߣǾܣϽܣܵԽԶԽá
Ĳɷ˵˫һֱ̽ץסκӵһŶ˷ٺ󳷣κӵҲľѣǶҲֱССʵݣϵľ֮ɫɲȳĺÿ١
һ˿ǽаһеĸֶˣ벻ɵӣڳ˳ΪԼӵĵ뷨ʵɵ棬Ҫ޵񾳵ΪǸûġ
ӣ׽һһţһɻһӿѸޱȣƥǿĻ𾢸ԶѾĵ˸еƤʹѣˣǳһϢĸо
ۼ׽УһԵҲǲʾǰצ߸̧漴͵£һ죬һצĵմռһɢһ˷ͻȻʮŭ磬ųĵ˺ɨ˹ȥ
еǷƣƣԭޱߣʮŭ˳ںϣΪһȥƷǵûмӵѸݣҲӵĿ񱩣ٶ֮ƿգգۼ׷ϳĵ˵Ρ
аİۿӲȥˣֵֻܷǵĵֵֽһʮһɨֱӾͰ˸ɨ˻Ǹɸɾûʣ¡
һĻŴ˳ĵˣħϳһˣһѾܵ뷨ֱĿĳ嶯ЦֻޣЩҪӵˣļˡ
ɾʯһ˲䣬һߴɵɲӰӲĵڳĵǰǽǵ١
ˣҪСľ׼ȶٶ֣ǾǲڿɺãаɱǼС


ڰʮ ѵѡֵأ
ʱʮɲӰ赲˫һӴʱһ춯صĺ𾢡羢˺ֱײɨķ
ɲӰɣɲӰһɾ໥֮£ûñʧӰ٣ǰӰȫɢ֮һ˵ǰ
ҫüͷһƣͫȻȻⲻãһ֮ˣüһڸûĴڣڴĲһƬǿ֮
ҫĺܣ֮ڵڵƬǿ֮Ǵ˵еԭҲ˵꣬аĳϹ
һģΪľΪѾͻȻɣĽѾܶκε
ֵһ˲䣬׽ͬķһֻ޶ŭ˫ĿС͸һɫĻ棬СͷϵĽɫͼƿʼ˸֮ͣз˻֮
ͬʱ⣬ðҫиӵĳԾҲһ¶Ȼ֮ɫҫ˫ֱȭһڵǰôƺ
ǺǣСһͦòܲ˭Ժúûһ£Ǽģú룡һЦеĿ޵
ҫüԺзٻļ䣬ȻǰһȻûм֮꣬ǰɲӰǧ֮УɲӰѹʦ
ԭаĸǰˣҫ΢΢һЦһ
ǺǣСһﵹǺ񰡣Ӧ֪ǵжԹϵɣаζչɱͲǣ΢Цʵ˫·ǳ˫ۣ·ֱܹģôֱĶŰҫ
ҫһڵҺǣǳĺޣҵĽ磬ҵʦϣ֮ĳֻòݣǣҰҫһϰߣǾҵÿһˡ
Ȼ󶼻ϻҷ𣬵ֻҪ˵ңǾֵȥأҵĵ˾ԼҵĻشô£
ҫ˵֮󣬾һ㶣漴һ֣ͷЦ֮Ȼһ߹ƣһЦܺãǳĺãص˾Լ뷨аһܼ㣬ʵǺõúܰ
Ǻǣ¿ˣҫ΢Цͷ˵
ֹͣƣŰҫ˵ͷ΢ЦǸʶ㣡ҫ˵ʵڵģ֮ǰĳʵûеôɵڣʲôʵеֻҪϹ˳аĳɾֻߣ²ٱ֮µġ
һ˽ͷĵһ㶣ǲ֮ɫҫѾѪĹâ
ڰҫߣüͷšһ񣬾ǳн԰ҫǷĵģпԿ԰ҫ൱ʶ
ʱ˵ĿⶼڰҫһϣҫӦ˾нôƾ൱΢ˣһнΪаһӹôֵأأ롣
ǣӦĻͬ룬Ȼˣ˭֪ǲһаԮôȻǾҫһܿסô
췽ҹ̷ʹڣҲѱҫˣסҫһԣסҫһȺˣסҫཨȫǲܵġ
ѡǺѣһѡʱҪһֵʧȥеãôԼõĶֻ᲻ԼأһоҪҫȥѡˡ
˰ΣҫƺѾѡֻ˫Ŀ̧ͷ˿˫Ŀ֮бɣɫ˵£˵ˣôҾװ׵Ļһ仰Ұҫ˵ĻֻҪ˵ˣͲջأ˵аݣǣݣ
ҫĻ˵ĸָǼı̬ûʲôԼŭɫЦĸˣĳĵͬҲЦˣһֻЦЦҫ֪
ʱҲЦˣסҫĴ֣ҫתͷҲ΢Ц˵ҫ磬鷳
ҫһЦԴЦô
һҲ£˫ˮĴֱֱۣĶŰҫ˵
ҫЦݸˣ漴תͷˣڵô
е˿˻ܲѶһۣ̾˿΢Цشɣǵ˼ǣȻҴֿҪˣôҲֻϵùˣȻҲ˼
ҫ˵ͷҶĵˣҶĵ㿴ңҿ㣬漴Ŀ⼯ҶĵϣҶķ˷ۣҫڵҲұ̬ɣǵ˼ǣа˵ʲô˲ģǸˣ
һҫԼе˶һЦ˳ҶľҶģ˵ôһֵͬǵģʼǸҫ˩һġ
˭֪ҫѡǴٲ֮أǲ£ԼֵκѡǶ֧֣Ϊֵܡ
ʹѡҪǵҲ£ʱǾиͬͬ˵ϵģ˵ġ
ҫЦ֮Ҷĵļ򣬹ָҲˣǵĻش𼸺һµģҫĿʱ˵ıԵ÷ḻˡ
κƱ鲻䣬쳣ļᶨǸ˰ҫϹеܰҫ˼ҫҲ˵ʲôȻһЦڵ˸־ǲԸΪ飬Ҳǿ߾ߣҲǡ
Ϲһۣ˫ȭ߬ţݺݵҧҧͬʱȭɫҵ׷档
ҫ˵ͷѲһȦ֮תͷ𣬿ڵø¾õˣڿԿʼˣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵСһ᲻ɱ㰡ôй齵ӲҪаĵףôҲò㣬ֻϣ±ʶʱɣ
һ䣬ָ߸߾죬ϳһŻͼͼֱ˳ʱ뻺תţûãаľ
ȳֵаŴʥ֮֮ǳõİ񾳣μǴаڲս
ܹʮ뻯񾳣Լ֮ͨߣԺɨˡ
ƺƵаǽ䵽֮ʱҫͫһҡͷЦڵ£ԸҲҪô̰ɣ
˰֣΢ЦҪģްյ̣Ҿ˵Լĵ˾ԼҫֵñأҲñó̡
ǾͶл£ôˣǾл˵ʼɣҫһûһ˿ľ⣬Ц
˫ţֳһɱ֮ʱ׽񷢳һ߿±һɼֲĽɫ棬潫쳣ˣǳ׽ս̬
ͬҲͷһ캿УͷϵĽɫͼ͵ıҫ۵ľ⣬ʼͣͣһֱʮʱֹͣʱǳһɼѪƣǵս̬
ֻޣҲǴƴһսˣһ˫ָɸߴɲӰ˲ۣ·ħһӰССͬʱĺҫҲƴ
һսһ֮ʱ֮ϵͻȻѿһ죬һָľ񽣣һָĳ񽣣Ϊֱ׹£缲ƿգһ˾ҫǰ
һãаҲҪ̫ˣȥ߳޼ҫǲܶԼߵҲܶΪƷɵĵӣҪǸҶҵĸɽĪаͻаô
ھƪаᡣ
ڴ
ʮƪʮʥء


һ Ϊͽ뽫Ҫİ˲칬
ɽĪа񽣲ûλ볬ǣȴû˸Сư֣ΪǽƷɵ彣񽣾ʹƷɱˡ
𿴵ɽĪа֮ͫײԾһ㣬ɵƷ˵ҫӵʱ˶ˣںĻһֶûȥ
ֻˣ˵ֳҫаڵ˶ɵˣǴ˵Ʒͽˣָյ˵յͽϢҪǴȥҫۼٱǧ򱶶ֹ
Ҫ˵һ£˻˵ҲƷɵĵӣΪʲôҫۿȥôأΪƷɲûжĵӣֻ֪ġoལָڵ³Ʒûеڶ˻ᡣ
ˣǲƷɵĵӣҲ˵硣˵ǵУ˵ǵҲУ֮ΪƷɵ£ûбʵǣҫͲһˡ
ʱ˿̣Ʒ׿ڳӣôҫȻˮǴߣΪӵǱƷ׿ʵ˵ġ
ô˻ˣҵĻôڣ̣ϣжԶԶȻĻӿǣ
˼֮ʣƷɵٴ𣬻һ㲻ͷ˼ɽĪаͬʱһᣬֱָаˣŵò˸æڿƣ񽣣ͻϮɱһֲ
ƷɣҲˣҫĵӣǲܶǲζţаֻܱ򣬲ܻô𵭵˵
ʱľϹž޲Įݣ˫ۺηֱŸɽĪаһ̩ɽǰζааĴָƷɶ侲Լͷ˾Ǻǡ
ôȻܣԵ˭ǽƷɣǳһսҲǸʱƷɣ̬֮֮裬بźҪһаţĻܻڡ
ɻ˵ͬҲܵôಿµ棬¶֮⣬һԼôĳߣôպаԣҲû򵱴а޼߲Ҳʧȥ߶Ρ
ԣ˶£ˣܣֻӲͷƤֱƷɣʵֱģֻϣƷܷĸΪ֪Ʒɲʱ򣬶Ӹ˽ġ
߼Թ˵Ĺ˰ɣڣɣƷɵٴ𣬿ػǱȽϽģҲ˵ҫƣôаҲԽɱ
Ʒô˵һϲ˵Ȼˣô
һ¡Ļû˵㱻Ʒɴϣ֮һɼֲ˵ĽӸɽĪаĽϱŷаһɡ
Ӹ㽲ɲҪڸЭԣȰþգʲôȻ֮ĻҲȻĻҾȫɱ⣬ҲʬģӦñ˭ɣ
һǰѾ𶼸ŵùǺҲ޷װӣ̫Ѩϵ亹£һ㣬øƷּۻ۵ġ
ΪƷ˵ƷԺܹ֣ǳĹ֣ЩʱܸúõĽֵҲƽ׽ˣЩʱúܰԵǿƣ˵ʲôȫԶΪ͸Ƣ˵¿һֶֻĹ
ˣҵʱܱûʱϹģڸϢʱ䣬ҵߣ򣬺ԸƷɵĻһ䣬ɽĪаͬʱһĽҲڲͣĲ
һĻ͵һ˫Ŀһӣͷһֻͼէ֣ͼ֮һɨһֱ棬аȫʧӰ٣ûгֹƵġ
ߣʶʱ񡣡Ʒһ˫˸ָҫٴ𣺡СһʦҪΪͽѵ㻹
ҫһĭΧ˹Լߴٵҡͷ̾ƷҪԼΪͽȥðˣ˵ĻԵоûô򵥣϶ʲôΣԣû̴Ӧ
ǰΪҪΪͽⷽ츳ǿ˺ȥˣôҲֲҰҫʩһ񣬿Ц
ΪϲƷɵĻشֱӣǰҫЦݸӿɬתһ룬ʹʲôèڣҲԺ飬ƷΪʦаһ
룬ԼԴķչԼҪавǺһԺʲô⣬Ժ飬Ӧò̫죬淢ʲôԼҲǸʵȥӦˡ
ҪһǣԼҪûƷɰаˣƷԼΪͽǳʲôĿģԼҪ飬жǲ֮٣ҫ顣
뵽ҫһ漴˫ֱȭ˫ϥصĹ͵ĿͷȻҫ֮ϣȴԽԼĽγʵ壬Ĺͷʵ͸ڵһģҲı˰ҫĳġ
Ӱҫμʦ𣡡ҫ˫ֱȭ֮ɫɽĪа˵
ܺãҫΪʦյĵӣĴʦӢžͲˣĶʦ֣Ҳʶڽһ飬ûֻܰܿԼȹȥ֮Ȼϡ
ΪʦΪ޼ƣҪڿռдϼ꣬ʱû̫պһлҪԼΪʦȻڣڵģȥãôþˣΪʦҪһ㣬ʱ䲻ˣҪĳɳΪʦһ֮
һ䣬ɽĪаҫ˵ĻᣬΪâֱĳ֮ϣһɨռ䱻ѿһڣֱӷ˽ȥʧΡ
ôоʦûɶôƵģҫ̧ͷʧ񽣣˶Ƥڵ
һԵ˷һĿŰҫڵҫ磬ǲɵ˭˵ûôģոǰ˵ôȥѽɱκĵر书ҪõĶĶ֪࣬أ
ʲôãҫһʱûзӦͷɵɵĻص
ûİһۣҲʲôڵ԰Ʒɵӵ飬ȥʱ֪ʲôˡ
ҫ˵ͷĺһڣһ֣ЦȻҪǾ˳ǵġ˲칬Ҳȥɣ
洫ȥˣ˲칬ƷհҫΪͽϢͬʱ˳ȥϱ֮£ҫǻ˼
ʱ䣬ŹɽΪʡԲڵȫڴˣ˶֤ϢǼ٣Ȱ˲칬ȴǴڵģΪŹɽɽϣҫܲˣϢʵˡ
ҫһǿĳһ۷ӰӣӹɵģΪҫʮ񾳵Ĵڣͨһ⣬սǿľ
ͬʱ˲пν׹˲칬ǱȻ飬պҲȻڽһˡ
ȷ˰˲칬Ĵ֮󣬰ҫǧӡ¼Ӱȡ˿֮Щ̽ǣǵһ
ȣҫİ˲칬аĹΣ׽ֻ޴󣬸ɽĪа֣ԼƷɵǾ仰ҪΪͽ
ҫŵļ¼Ӱ֮˶˰ΣЩҪҫٷһ飬ҫĻشҲ൱ĸɴ࣬˶˾Źɽͬʱųպ󣬰˲칬ھŹɽпɽ䣬ʱӭλǰ


ڶ ϵ뿪ɵӣ
Źɽá
~~аҶĸƲݣ~~Ҷͷ˫ĿѪ¶֮ɫڳһ׶ģ
ɷ˽ͷĺߣᣬսŵһӣ̫ҿ°ߣţ磬ôˣּЩɾĶԣԴ˰ɣ
°һЦ˳ҡҡͷصаʧȽϴǲԱԱ¶ˣأ
Ŷһ͵ֵĿҶһۣҶĵбȽ°Ļţݺݵص˳°һۣڵҲ֪׹ʧﵽʲôܸӣͭǮ˵㵱Ǵİ
Ҷĭɣƿڴ°ҲգʼνĻص֪ӲǴģֲӣĸģĸ綼㼱ʲô
ңҡ
°ĻҶҭĲУ˰춼Ҳʲô˵ʵڵģŹɽԴд󲿷ֶǰҫģ˵ԴҲУҰͷϵԴһãԴ˷ѣҪ˵ǰҫǮҲ˵ùȥ
ˣˣֻС¶ѣǻ̸°ɣҫ˰֣Ц
ҫˣҶҲε˻ȥֻͷǿڶǳôŶȣԴŴһ߷߲ƽģ
ҫһЦҶʲôãΪˬȻºзִ磬ɾֻһȷǾ̫ˣҲʲôëҫҲûϡ
õҲҫ˼ܰʮˣˣܹʮˣߣֵվڰҫ߳Щ˱ǰ˲칬Ҫˡ
ôһһܰոѾ㱨ˣʧȷСǵķϵҪһĸĽУⷽܰҪˣҫܰ΢Ц˵
ܰ˵ͷ漴̾˿ڻصⷽһģֻǣ׶磬ûⷽ˲ţôĽ½չҲ̫ġ
ԲҪúõĸҶｻһѽϾ˼ⷽרҵʿҫЦеĿܰڵ
һ˫ܰô΢΢һ죬һɫ֮£һ취ġ
ҫþգ΢΢һЦ˵ͷſ˴һˬЦôȻҪɣǾͱҪ˾ְˣηͰɣ
ҫǹЦģ˲ٵİۣݺݵĵһۣŵðҫһӣڵأһһ䣬ȷҪҵϴҪɣ
ҲʺϣȽʺϣǴһ¾õģ㲻ƴǣٿҫһۣԹԵ豭һڣҫѲһˣ˽һհģҫҲֻܵͷӦ¡
ôʼɣҴ㽫ǰ˲칬ֳϵֱΪĿáӪԼѧҫЦе㲻ԡ
һЩŵ磬ڹҫҲССĴһʶȻǲͬնԣҫ˵ʣǽá
ɻĿ⣬ҫЦ֮ɫڵϸ˵һ°ɣѧԼսʱսԲ𡣰Ŀãռ鱨鱨Ҳǵ۾ǵڲ൱ھǹܼҵ˼ˡ
ҲǶһЩ乤Դ䣬Ա䶼ڴڡӪսԼڲķˡѧѧˣսʱк󡣡
ҫһ˵ֳ꣬һƬȻʼͷӶҫ˿ڲɤӣһˣ΢Цʲô˵ˣ˵Ի
ˢˢĿҫȿ˵ĵܣİźܺǣôȷһҶأ
ҫ΢΢һЦٵ˵ͷ˵һѪҲͬˣ΢΢˼һ󣬿ڵܼ򵥣ҪһҶǲܵ飬ΪϵҪϲܳ¡
ûԴʲôȥûԴ裬ôȥԴأҪûӪȥĴսȡսƷôԴأ
ӪҪûоսԲ𣬰Ŀý鱨ûѧ󷨸ôȥսѽͬĴϵҲ벻ϵѭȱһô
һ䣬ҫֺһ裬ֳѻȸٶ֮ɫҫİ԰
ӪҪսûаĿáѧϴ̣ĸҪûԴҲûչжҪûԴϵҲûҪûӪĿáѧսռԴҲòʲôĶ
ϵȱһɣۣҪǺǰһ˲칬벻׳󶼲УνһҶͲܷΪϵȱκһܶ¡
ûٵ˵ͷڻصһ̬ҲǷ׷ױ̬ʾԼûǵǰҫİ޷죬Ҳѽ
ôһԱɣϴ㸺Ŀã㸺ѧ㸺ܰ㣬һϸ뵤ãϸһθǰΣκǰθ껵Σ䡣
ȻǾߵܸӪܸ𣬰˵ܴԸ㡣Ҷҵİʲôôҫ˵֮ٴѲˣҲͬû顣
󣬰ҫתеˣЦأǻض
еͷ˼һᣬǸ߸𣬿ڵӪ°ֵ֣ܵûɣ
ҫͷϲһƱҪܼԼһǾٺòȻֻˣʵ൱ĲףҪʵȻǡ
Ȼû⣬Ҿһһأͬ뵽Ӫܣûɣҫ΢΢һЦڻصͬʱ°
°΢΢һЦ˵ͷУڵԸ͵ҵ֣ȻٺòԺԺҪúúŶ
Ȼеͷ΢Ц֮ɫ
ҾͼĿúˣṦ̽鱨ȫܹʤεġ˾պЦٿһۣ˵ͷȻһЦʾѺã˾պҲ֪Ըûн黳΢ЦӦ
ȥӪˣұĲУУﾡúÿʼ磬ڵ
ϻųʺˣһԵ˾պ⼷ңȻһӣ⵽εһȭ
֮ڿֱַǼڸܲǼӪϧ֮û˶һָеѧʽ
ָпҲһͲô׵£Ҫʲôһϲͨ⺺̵̲Ļǻ˵һҪǶԷѧˣǾǵòʧˣָҲûʲôʾĺŲˮ
峿һֱֵҹ˵ĻԶպİչ˼ҵۣͬʱʵһЩ˶պһЩ˶˾ķ򣬱˴֮ҲǸӵ
˸æеҲ뵽˰ҫ˵Ȧ֮У˱ˣһپͳֵ
ʱҲǰ˲칬ʽ⹫֮գҫװϴ߳ԼңУȥ
˼֮󣬰ҫˣЦ㣬ǿɵӣ˭ҪӳҵҷǸ˴ɨéһ¡
ĿһУһӶҫĶ䣬ҫ磬ҲҪô
ѽѽδӣ֣֣ô˿أҵòãң˰ɣ
ˣ
ϴô죿һ仰
һʱ䣡ӣ͵ɣ
֣


 ˲칬Ҳ磿
յľŹɽˣҫɵ飬ﴫǷзһ̵ܶʱ̸۵Ķ
˴ˣɾͳ췽ҹ̷ˣйذҫſԽԽҲԽԽס
Ѿ˵·˶ָɨаգգƤͰаӡСħѹһѶϢڳ񻰣ҫ֪ҲǿЦãҲ׷ʲôֻ֮֮
۴ô֪ģһҫסаĹҪа񸱵ϵһȺ˺пܱҫ˸ȫˡ
ڶҫİ˲칬ֻޣֻⷽ࣬ҲԲ٣аǧ֣֪֮ǣ޹ǿһ࣬޷ҲϹʮֻˡ
ǿ߽Ʒ׿ڳϣհҫΪŵӡµĺǰ߳ٱֹƷɴʼڣ׿ڳϹ˭ĵôЩϹļûУһζûС
ʲôƷɷǳӰҫͬҲŰҫⷽеĴˣôҫڽеĵλ²ʮ󳬼κһƶߡ
ĽУ˵֪֮󣬰ҫֽν˲֪˲ݰ˷֮ء
վǰ˲տ֮գŹɽ˺ûϵɽֳˣҲֻЩԼһˡ
ˣҲ֮ܰһ׼ŹɽУһ࣬ٶѣȥҲ̫ӵ
£ɽż֮ûãһˬʵСдҾŹɽǺþûôˣ
һ䣬ҫл£ҫʲӢɣף˾ôǣ֣ɾһ㣬ǰǰһ
ھ滹֮ʱͣסΣ̤նҫǶǰ˺ʩһ漴˵лλǰǰ񣬽֮գպҰ˲칬Ҫλǰչˣҫлˣ
ҫڳҲǷ׷׵أȻڳôˣֵģĳĵصģʣһɣǸü۵ģ̵ģֻǶ˵ڻʱѡ
ʱҫǰ˵˵ͷ漴һȣô˲칬ɽ䣬ʽʼҰ˲칬ƽţ
ƽҲǧƽʿڰҫ֮ʣǧƽŴӰҫĹ󷽣һԾУյ֮ϣ뻮һˣյƣ޲̾
ǧƽ֮һ涼ǧȴһĳֻѵǣҫҲ൱⡣
»ƽžųĪ棬μǸҫþ񹦸Ī棬ӸλΪƽŵͳߣԾţ˷أһˡ
Ī滰ո£ǧƽŷ·ؾһƵģˢˢ˫۽洷أ漴ϥ¹ȵƽŲμ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷǰǧĻƽʿҫҲжһɺɾҪ֮ʣҲ֪˷һЦڵ಻Ͳ֪սǲǽа
һڳ˶Դƽŵ˸ŭ˵˹ȥеһ꣬ò㣬ͦüĿһͷ쳣ҫֻۣ˫ۻԴ̧°ͣģǸ߰˼㡣
λ̨֪ôƺҫ국ȻһЦʵ
³ң³룡
мƳ˰ҫһۣĹ˹֣ǴкȻûƹҫ˫٬֮˫ۣǰ㶼ûдĽ֮ŲôֱĿ֮лһ˿
˵Ǵͷ˿ָ׸ÿһط͸¶һֶϢʵҲȷʵˣǾ³ҵĴӣ³ڽпǺպĴ壬ڳһУμǼҡ
³Ҽ³һΪѴ۷֮˵Ѿ뻯ż뻯֮ҲͰ벽֮ңѡ
³һΪǿǳĻ̣ԼĶӼʽͱ죬Ϊ첻ãԼӵ£۶Ѿ۵һäĿĵز
Ҳ³Ը쳣Ű裬Ŀˣκ¶޷ִԣǸɫжĹＸ쵽ֻ֮Ҫ˳۵ˣᱻԼֶ̣֮˷ָ³һ³ҴүǰѶ֮һ֣ӵ൱֮͸˵Ǿһ
ǰ񣬾Ҳģҫᣬʵǿɾͱߣټ£ñ˱õ³ӣкܲζҪǰҫһͬʱҲɫд
³ƣҫȻһЦڵ֣Ƕ¿ɺܲ
ңĸҶ԰ҫֻһЩԼСˣҫؿ㣬ӦòСһʶɣ³˫ۻԴЦЦ˵۾ﲨȴʼ۶ûƹ
ģŵ˼㣬ĪۿѪҧˣʱֻҪҫһ£ԥĴ˽ѹˡ
ĪŭģҫЦЦ˰֣Ҳֻڶݺݵĵ³һۣ㲻˵ˣҫ³˵ͷ˵֣¿Լô
Ȼɣ³˵ͷЦ
ҫҲ΢΢ͷԼϵеĲһǳֻǰҫÿгһˣ³䳰ȷһŪֳռΣ˵ҫߣǰŶе߷߲ƽӣֻǲ³ңҲֻܸɵۡ
ڰҫߣɱˣŭˣλ³ҴѾʬΣҷˣҲ˫Ŀ𣬰ҧҪǰҫû³ʮض
󣬵ҫϵĸˣҲԼֵȫг˴֮³ѾԽ޼ɵ
ֻŶӣָŰҫˣЦףҫ㣬㻹ǺĲɰ㹷ƨͨŶóңһǷˣҫҪƣҲɣǣЦˣ
ŭˣŭҫŭ𼸺Ҫվ죬ǿɵĴӣ³֣˭ܲŭ
ɾŭɶ֮ʣΨҫɱ΢Цʾ˲Ҫ嶯³뿪ʵ֣ϣ˵һ㣬ˣ
ѽҫԼжöãҲЦԼĲӪ񾳵ļⲻǻȡĸ񾳿أҲѣҲΪ
³ҡͷԵ٩٩̸һҿҫ֮٣ûпǣЩǰĳ񾳣һֿɵӵĿ⿴
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˼һۣڵֵǣֶǵľΪںܴ鰡Ǿͺúñһ°ɣλǰΪǵľΪαװģȥأ
ҫôһ˵ٵˣеˣ˶¶һֻĵЦݣܹʮһͬʱ³룬Ҳһ㶣üͬʱǿЩǰĳ񾳣Ŀ⡣
³벻мİһۣ죬ҪٴγԼ֮ʱٵͬʱʩչģֵ³ߣΧŵһƨɵڵϣһ־ֵĿ⿴ˡ
һĻҫЦˣڵ֣ҵǳأҲˣҿûαװǿǻʵĳŶ


 ЦĽ֣
ʱǰ³ŻˣڵϣŶԼŭĿӵˣѵ˿ĭ˵µʱһţȫ֮Աǣ͸ᴫŰҫӵʮˡ
³ΪǵҪڲ𴩰ҫİϷðҫѿ¿ɺԼ޵ݵĸоǰҲһֻı飬³
³ľ͸ƨһ㣬ŭҲ÷ǰٵ˶ǳ񾳣ԼһССڣԷ߳һˣ̸̸ָҷԼʹôŭҲҶ֡
ְûŵɣҫ³룬ǸǱеŭ⵹Ҳ˲٣ĵ΢Ц
ߣû£лҫˣʵɣ˵ֻޣ۽磬֪ɲ԰ֻóǹ͹Ͱɣ³⣬ԼΣֻ⻰˵ڳ˶üɫơ
ⷽУһĴڣ˵Ϊɣþη֮ĻҪеģοޡ
³㣬ݰƺ֮ٵģǺ˿Ѿֻˣһֲ֪
ҫһۣ΢ЦͷڵֵĺĺǿûйϵھǳҲҪ
˵ҫĬĬĵͷһһϣ˶˵ʲôͻȻ缲ɶͣǰһֻȸСĽɫСһֻͬѩ׵Сǡ
һһ̶֮ŰҫߴߴĽиͣССҲǳ׽ǡ
ҫ˵ͷָָһһǳ³΢ЦϹʮеĳ׽˿֣ɿˡ
³ϸĴССһۣһƲһֻı飬ЦҫҫҪ˵˵Ĺ㻹޵аŪֻݹܺŪȥҲ̫쿪˰ɣ
ʱ˿̣˿³ѾǳЦȺССճֵʱ򣬾Ѿоǹ޵ѹ
³ȴûиоϾľΪ̫ͣССǳоȻԵãЦͣڳڶŶΪ֪еϧأֻǵ˲֪ԼʲôɵЦţⲻ֪
ʵҲѿССŵΪûֻǻ̤նģ̤նҲϹʮ޲ͨޣʹɣҲ޷վ֮ϡ
³ĻûãССͬʱתԴ³΢΢һ㶣䣬ССͬʱһɼ产˵ѹȸУǹѹȸҪ³ķ
ֻɫҰףһ麹֮ͣг˾ֵɫ˫ȶɸУССıֻ޴͸ӰС𱳺һֻɫСһֻѩɫǣǹӪıӰ
һĻǰ³ŵùǺٴôҲܿǰֻǼݻˣССıӰڳҲǿǵһֻһ뷨Բܸҫ񣬾Բܡ
ˣһʶȥɣȥǣʱҪأҫһ۲ûſڵϵ³룬ֿСС΢Ц
СƺҫջػӰֱ֮ӷɵҫĻУͷۣҡβ͹ͷڰҫϲ䰡ģʱݡ
СƺڸСƵģɵҫҼУİҫգ漴ԴͣĹŰҫ⸱ģҫЦԷǵĸо˼䣬ССͬʱ˵ͷһʧ١
ССȥ֮󣬰ҫĿɿڴ³룬΢΢һЦһһԳ³ǰƵ΢Цڵ֣㻹ʲôô
³عһҲ֪ǷţɰڳǸһģ߰ͷ۽ǵ⿴ҫûˣҫĳɾͣҲ㲻ˣҪԺҪ³߶кôģ֪ô
֪֪裡ҫԭЦһ˲ʧӰ٣ȡ֮֮ɫֻһӣһĶ⣬³ȷ˺ԶʮȦ쳣Ǳͣ
㣬㣬ҴңҴңˣƨ˲칬ҲˣȻҴңҵţڣ³һ̤ƽŹɽ͵ɣʱ򣬱ӱҪܣ³Ѫ׵ӣָŰҫ·һͷ蹷һ㣬
ҫ˰֣³ƿڴ۶ûпȷΪٿѺ£֪ͨǸǳ˲³ңˡ
ңҫҲ̫ҿңҷΪֱ޷죬Ҷһͷ³ұҪɱеȫɱ⣬ŮȫΪūҪѣ³ŭɫĵϸߣŰҫȵ
ոµһ̣ͻȻǰһƬâɨһӣ³ֻеÿһ缡һ˺ѷεľʹͬʱ·ƿһֻգۼʧӰ١
ֵѾŭգ³ĲУڳָǼľͬʱһǰվסֱĵȥ
㣬ҵ뾭㣬ң
³ǶûڣѾһѪۣûɱֻǽϣ֮һ쳣񣬿ŵϵ³룬˵ңһڳô
Ǳֳɱ³æ˫ۣһصҫߣⳡ־磬ǰıǶ԰ҫյѾһ̵˽⡣
˲칬Բڳһѣ򣬼ôĳ񾳣δİ˲칬һˣλ۷ơ
ʰ³֮󣬰ҫдˣʱ˲칬ϵѾӱµľʿǰһϵĲ£ҲͬСǰ;ʵڲǰıͶ԰ҫҲǷǳĿ׷أʾѺá
ҫΪ˲칬֮λЩҲֳһ֮ĴݣӦҲ࣬ݲȣⳡӰһֱϣӽ󣬽ֶһǿĳһǾǰҫİ˲칬
˲칬ĵ죬ӭǵĵһ֣³ҡ³һ֪Լıӱ˽ΪˣҫѺ֮󣬲ûιȥȻǼ³Ҿ֣ɷƺƵɱŹɽҪײƽ˲칬
³һܹ˱񾳣ʮ֮ʮ񾳣ʥԼǧͽʿѾ³Ҿųɵսս԰ҫһԣǲֵһӡ
սʵһ浹³һһ⵽˰ҫ˵ȺΧ˸һ³һǳ۷ľΪҲıͷܣòǱ
񾳣˵ϣҲûŶãʱ䶼ûͱɱһһԹͶ
߲սһ浹ײսȻҲö˵³νľֻƽѣЩ񾳵ĸҲǰ׸һѹĶֵ̧֮ܶ䣬㽫ȫնɱ
ڰҫ˵Ĭ֮ش³һ³ι˲칬ΪΪЦ˽ǳЦ³ҵĲֿЦֿɱĽ֣Ҳҵġ
ⳡս֮󣬰˲칬ͷҲڽ𣬺ʡܱߵĴСҲ׷ǰͶϣ˲칬һϢһ߷ٷչ׳
ڰ˲칬֮ӭ֮ͣǰʱķа˸ƮƮ


 Ͷ֧֣
˲칬á
أ
һ죬òͣڵԱҲûгʲôҵľ棬Ǹиæ·ͻأľѾϰһ㣬Ҳû̫һ¡
ʵһΣһֱûмϹʱҲǳ׼ȷϰΪҪһ첻죬Ƿǲϰˡ
þڣҲ˳겻ͣŻҳҫǰǻͷģ̾Ϣһҡҡͷһӣһů΢ɨҳ˲ɢΡ
ʧˣҫüһʵ껡
ûİ˰ҫһۣһϵĻҳһ߱ԹţΰĹˣΪأһһµĵҩȻҪڲϵʵУŻȡóЧôף
ҫʼ磬ν˵Ƶģֻ΢޸һѣôô
ҫô˵껶ʱͷۣҫߣһĿڵҺбҪռһ֪ⷽʶˣҰŷֻҪ㹻ܰƼ㵱Ƕԡ
ҪҪƼĵ˵ûˣɲǶһζҩģټһζҩĵ飬ҪƵ⣬ҩЧĸı䣬ֻĸı䣬ҩĵȫͬˣô
ףҫһȻĻصûаΪ飬Ͳҩһ껵Ļ˵ȫ顣
껳̾һȻе˵Щרҵ֪ʶԼ˵ϸԷҲýȥεĿڵ򵥵˵Ƽĵû취ﵽҪЧҪƵȫµĵҩ
ԭˣô˵ҲҫһȻģ껵ļЦ
ûĺһۣڵʵͨ²ϵʵ飬µĵѾһµĸˣеһζҩģȱʧģ֮ǰһһֻñҩ棬Ҳˣȫʧˣ
ȱʲôҫʵ
Ű껨Ĺҩķǳϡ٣Ѱ˾ŹɽһȴûҵҪʡѰˣ˾Ű껨Ĺôµĵҩа˳ϵİƳɹ껿ҫ˵
ҫ˵ͷͻȻüһ껵ļ򣬿ڵŬɣҪľŰ껨Ĺ취һʱ仹ƼΪŶСĵ㣬ﻨʵϵԴɲ٣ҵνҪƴأԼ취ɣ
˵꣬ҫһת˲ʧ˸Ӱ٣ֻ͵껣ɵɵվԭûûã⴫ҶĵŭСҹҪƴ㻹ԴѪǮ
ҫ˽鷿Уһߺ裬һߵŰҫĵ֮ǰҰҫ˵һСҪ£Ҫҫᡣ
ͻȻķŻ򿪣ҫ˫ָϳ͵΢ЦķǰЦеʵѾͷʲôҪ°
ҫƳһۣеƲֵĻصͶˣ
ƣ˲ǳңǳˣҫ΢΢üЦ˭
㿴ҵı飬˭ƮƮͶ·Ͷˣ滳ǵƤǲƤģȻ¶֮ɫƮƮ൱Ĳ
ҫ״ЦǺǵߣļ򣬿ڵˣˣҲСˣôǳѽϾǿһģչ˵ĻǾչһ°ɣ
̾Ϣһεĵ˵ͷڵǰҫȥӴǰɣҿǾͷͲȥˣûҪܰһ£δԴ䡣
ţǺðɣȥæһȥ㣡ҫԴҲһЦȥ
뿪֮󣬰ҫ˫Ŀзʦ֣㲻ʲôϷɣ
˲칬
еŲˮһԵƮƮԴŭɫԴӰǰǳа˵Ĵս֮ƮƮǹһοӣ춫أɥ֮Ȯ±а˵Щɷ֣չϮɱ
ɴʱǸݵ̬ƺǱֳϰϵӵ緢ˣҲ֪кƾɡ
ʦ֣ƮƮǸǾõˣ֮ǰеæʵڱǸҫӵ⴫䣬ֻһӰƮգۼ䣬ҫѾλϣЦӯӯĿŶˡ
ߣǵ˰ʱôæôһûУƮƮƲ˰ҫһۣСţΪҫǾõȣе΢ŭ
ƮƮȻᣬ첻˶٣԰ҫĶ˵Ļ볣˵ɣֻûӦΪ֮˰ʱŸƮƮһ
ƮƮ˵䣡ڰҫ˵֮ǰһƮƮһۣںǳƮƮһԴƲһ̡
⸱ģҲҡͷ̾Ϣתͷҫ˱ǸǸȻ˵׹ƮƮӵģҲ֪ģϣ㲻Ҫְ
ҫ˰֣΢ЦûµģʦҲ׹׹ĽˣȥֱŤģСʦܰɣȥС
΢΢һЦŰҫ˵ͷڵСʦܣʦ޼ҿɹ飬ǵĺܰͶ㣬ϣܲǰӣŶ
ʦ˵ﻰͶңȻٺòļңöԣǧҪҿѽҫüЦߣļЦ
Ǿͳչˣ΢Цͷڵ
С¶ѣҫ΢Цص漴һˣȥҪƮƮΪϱдɵ֮˴ȥ᷿Ϣ
⵱УһֵֻĺܿҲһǫζƮƮأǰһǸ߰ĲУ۶ûƹҫ
ɾΪľٶðҫгһ˿ǣԼ鱨ûгôӦǷǳҲǣͶԼӦûֳһǫ̬ȣϾˣûǸе˽Թİҫ̬ǱȻġ
ƫƫƮƮûг̬ȣǱֳ״̬ȥûʲô̫ĲѾܲˣ˵ǶڿӪԼûиıӣҲ˵ƮƮǰͶĿĵġ
ҫ鷿һˣأ
ֱӳڰҫԺеģ˰ҫ˼ҫ漴ϲףСģҫûгɣһһ˳ȥٷԼ鷿
ûãҫ鷿ڣȻ鷿СĶˣ΢ЦĿԼҫϲЦտǰʩһ񣬿ڵ밲ˣ
ɵӣף׺úÿСЦŰҫ֣ʾ
ҫɵЦͷССһֳĿ⿴Űҫסҫ˫֣΢Цš
ҫҸ֮ǰѲһ£Źɽ㾭ӪĲһԵİĿҫ΢Ц˵
ҫ΢΢һЦڻصȲϸ״˵Ħ룬еķʩڸУò˶ãȻȻһ£
ǺǣİɣѾǱߴкˣʱǻ˹ķʩͬʱΪҲΪְ㹹һϣ뻯۷֮µĸ֣Ʋġĵ˵ͷ΢Ц
Ͳͷ˰ɣԼˣҫһ˭֪û˵꣬ͱִ̧ˡ
ҫҸιҪʵϵֵ֧ģγΪ㽨ռ֮⣬оıʵ΢Ц
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ڵ״ҵĹ
΢Цͷڻصһ棬ΪҪΪͨһصľҫ˵ô


 ̿֯
ڵһ⾭龭൱أ澭ζʮеκһ飬һܴͨڵо̶ȵǿ
˵޵֮ˣһǧͭǽڣʹָ򶾲ְаһͨз츲֮ܣɽ֮һǿ֮ĵز
ҫҲ֪һ㣬˵ͨͨôȻûô򵥣Ҳ֮Ҫ߱ĵ˼ƺҪƾǿΪǿΪԼ
ҿǳΣգϣɢΪˡ򵱳޿ɾȡҫֻԼûмֵΪĻԸҪȥΪѾ˼ˡ
ԼոճͣôֵܸԼԼҪΪǸҪΪѾ񵱳޽ˡ
ۼҫ˼СһۣǻһЦ֪ҫڹʲô΢Ц֮ɫڵҫڵһʧܣľӪһ԰ɣ
ҫԿЦҡͷڵҲûʲôʹʲôûУɽкѣֻ᲻ҵֵǣһ·ҳҲܹѽ
ҫɲعЩΪ㱣֤Ϊ㿪Ϊаٷ֮ٵİܳɹЦݼڻص
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ʵ״ˣôģ
ǵȻ˵ڰ㿪˵ڰĿҪ֪ǲҪģֻҪͿˡĿ¶⣬Ц
ȵȣ״ˣ˼˵ӵߣʱҫ¶֮ɫĿŰģڵ
ȻĻľôô죬ôܽôˣ֮츳ΪڵһǱ˿һ΢Цͷڵ
һ룬ô£ҫʵ
ҫϸ룬ôﵽھĹģһԵСӹ磬Ц
ҫü˼Ƭ̣Ȼһ˫Ŀ¶ϲ֮ɫƷɣԼľƷɵڶ֮ʱǿȥġ
û뵽Ĳֻǹô򵥣һԼʦĻֻܵƷΪʲôһ԰׿ֻһ룬ΪΣ
ҫԼ˵С΢ЦҫľΪ̫ͣ׿㱾ûǹǿܣֱӾͻᱬѾǳ񾳵ΪԪѾܹ֮ͨǹӴˣ
ҫ˵ͷ漴һڣСɫȻˣô͸״ˣҪʵҪܹа࿹ʵȻְķʽȡǣǿһ֣ͻΣҲ׼
΢ЦͷдͣԼĶһһˣҲ֪ԼϵĵӲᣬһЩп޵ԭҲԷˣеο
վߵҫߣļ򣬿ڵİҫҲаĺôӺȣʹǿΪҲǱ̫Ӱ졣
Ϊţ᲻ϵǿȥΪҲǲܵģֻҪ֪֮ⷽУʵһУֻӵ޵µʵػԼӵеһУΪ׶ȫ֧㣡
ҫĿ˰Сһۣ̾һڵлˣ״ˣĸ״ˣ
С΢΢һЦǰߵ˵ͷڵôǿʼɣ
Եȣ״ˣͨһҪȥܳʱôҫʵ
΢΢ҡͷڵҪ೤ʱ䣬ֻҪһмԭͨͿˣò˰ʱ䣬ڴͨһ˲䣬أ
ô״ˣûʲô취ܰҰɢֻ֪߰ҫתתʵ
Ҳ򵥣ֻǣҫΪˣҲǺĲУ֪ԼӺ«ʲôҩȻҪֶһٵ顣
ҫǸ߸𣬹ص˵ҲݾߣҴ֮ͨĳЩ˰Ѻβ͸ġ
Сһ㶣ҲûʲôŰҫȥЩصϾΪֹҫıʵǲһֱûǶʧԶ԰ҫЩǶҲǺܷĵġ
ţû⣬ÿռ֮鷿׷գֹܹĲôҫǿʼɣĿڵ
ҫ˵ͷ漴˫Ŀ񣬾񹦻תһֲ²ĳ̶ȣ֮⣬һӣ鷿ǽڣ棬ݶһ㱡Ŀռ֣֮Ϊֹҫɢĳ֡
ߵҫǰ̧ʳָðһ㵭ľɫڰҫüģҫüͷ΢΢оһɴ֮ԼüĴܽ壬еһƬˬ֮⴫
֮һ˿֮˳ľķԵһ飬ǳ۵ľ߶ȥ˿֮龭֮󣬰ҫ͵һ˫Ŀ˫һһ죬Եø죬˲չ֫Ư
ڵ龭ͬҲһһ죬ɫ·ڣɫ·ѩǣɽȻͬһ龭ϣƺΧеľһֵĹЩҲһһķֱ

˲칬Ŀ
ŶƮƮôʲôλ֮ϣüѯʵ
Цһڻص˵ͶİҫģҿǾĲĿģ϶ʲôΪ֪ıϴˣúüǵһһ
ٵͷɫˣĻܻʲôıڣһҵĵҹǣʲô紵ݶĻҿնô
һ㶣漴ЦϴİĿòרŸ̽鱨ôôɱ
ţǰ죬¥һɱҶıĵܳɹȰֽǲҾ˳һɱ֯䡯ѵרǰ˲칬Ķ̿ͣе㱾£żмǳˡٵ˵ͷ˿裬˵
ϴôҪְλͲ췴СΪѽЦе˵΢һ˿֮⡣
˲칬Լרɱ֯ԣȴһеԽܣϾı죬ѷĵ¡
ƣһڵôɷģ췴Ҫˡ
˻ʵ
ð˵ܰи˵㶫ҪǸ췴Ҹұ֤ңЦ
˿Լɣ˼ܣ뵽һ㣬ô벻ɫԴǸ⣬ٿڵϴ󣬸ոеˣҪŶ
ٵȻһЦ˰֣ڻصԼֵܽûʲô˵ģҲûôСֻǣʲô춯ɱܣ
°ɣҫķ䣬Ͼҫ˻ôڣն²̫׵΢Цص
ٵ˵ͷصˣһԽ룬ȷһʧ
Ǿϴˣ
ˣ
ҹŹɽɽ֮УһСɽ֮ϣ̨ͤ¥£ǰ˲칬Ӵ˵סһͥԺ֮ҡҷƮƮڣ˽
ʦ֣һҪȰ˼УʱյİҫѾǱѰĲӦԵģвأʱпٲ
֪ǲҪΪǿ


 䣡ֱأ
ƮƮǹ¼ŵıӰ̾˿ڵʦ֣ҪˣҲȰ㣬ֻǣϣҲҪԼе·ɣ
·ǺǣƮƮǻѡôֻ˵ǻ·ôЦݷ࣬ҡҡͷڻص
޾֮·ʵҲ·ˣֻҪǿȥǸһԸδûϣƮƮԴ˵
֮ʣüͷˣᣬȥԸȥˣҹúϢɣ
˵꣬ͷҲصĴ뿪䣬ƮƮ֮ĹϵͬһҲûʲô˵ģɴʱԵеƧ뱩꣬ҲûǸƮƮƮƮ̾Ϣֹ
ȥ֮ƮƮվߣҹգ˫Ŀ˸ž׹⣬ţҫΪʲôҪϣû㣬ʦֲôʹ࣬û㣬Ҳ䵽⸱أҫһж㣬Ƿɵġ
ʱƮƮڵķ䣬ʮϵٲͬʱüͷµᣬ֮ǰƮƮ֮ĶԻǶһ
ߣҾ֪ϲ⣬ûģ˹ӣĲ֮ɫСš
һԵĹٵȻһЦڵ˵пƺɼӡ
ͷ΢΢˵ͷڵô˵һʲôĿģмţǵкξġ
ٵ˵ͷҶ˵ʱ䶢ǣÿһһ˵ʲôʲôطҪ¼ʲô춯׼ն࣬Ҫڣ
ףҶĵͷص漴˰֣ƮƮڵķ⣬ΧͻȻʮԾ⣬Щ˵۾
еڣеǽߣеܵĽУǷ·ȫ˺ڰ֮Уûһ˿ϢôĿƮƮڵķ䣬ǰ˲칬ոճĴ̿֯䡣
ʵ齨ǹٵһУǾҫ׿ϵģʵҫڵûй˲칬ʱѾô뷨
ԼҲһƥ¥ҶѪɱ֯ôܶʱ򣬾ͻ쳣ķ㣬ĸǱҫнҶġ
ҶԴϴΰɱ껲ɹ֮󣬾ͱҫڡ˻Ϊ¥ĵһɱ֣ɱֵĸܿ˵൱ǹʹڵıܣΡ䡯ĸˣٺòġ
ֻǣҫٶҶĲ̫ģϾԼˣǱȰģȻܹԼȰôҪڱϣҲᱻȰ潵ǼٽҪǼٽڲƻǿǵòʧˡ
ǣһ취ǾľڰиҶ䶾ֶɫζ֮󲻻̷ҶԷûĴǸ˵֮Уһᱻ֣ɼص˺
Ҳǰҫĺ֣Ͼı죬ҶҲûôģһб޻Ҷ
ǺʵģȻԼӲˣһ֮ǣͶϵˣʵҶ˵Ҳʲôѿ飬ϾʶʱΪܣֻҪܱһҲںʲô
ȻΪһɱ֣һͶжǸڵ֯˵ܴ裬ҶȻ⣬ʵڵ֪ҫ²ʱ¥Ѿɱ֮ˣҶҲ֪һ㡣
ֻǣҶ£֪ҫİ˲칬жǿһ¥¶ȫɱҲ޻أңҶĻܿ˲칬δǰ൱Ŀɹۣλ۷ɫܣҲǴŰĵ̬ȣ˽
ܳΪĸˣҲΪһİɱܣϾҫ߿û˶ⰵɱһҶȴⷽרңҲֻܽ
ҶҲǲȥѵɱ̶̵֣ʮѾ˽ʮҵһɱ֣Щɱָ˾磬ȻΪߣҲȷʵڵľΪ
ʵԴӰ˲칬֮󣬰ҫյľǳɼαȰҫ˵İȫ˾磬ʵһ
֮ǧƽʮ֮һҲ˾磬򾳽ڳֱΪʲô򾳽ٶȻĿ٣⵱ĹȻ껣껵Ƽӹΰ
ƼһֿԽֵΪݵһε浤ǣеˣֻǽ䵱һԵƷûھƼ;аûз
ǰҫƼ;ǾƼһ˵ľҲ˾ΪҪԼȥĹ
̺ܼ򵥣ƼҩЧ֮󣬶ԷľʱҫͿĹȥԷöԷס򾳽ʱĸоǱĬԷҩЧȥʱ򣬱кܴĳɹֱ򵽾硣
ҫѾˣڰҫ˵ȫ˾磬һʥĶнٺ֪֮࣬δ°ҫаȫԱ֣Ҳǲܵ顣
ԹڽļƮƮ嶼ûзԼڱţǶҲû̫ľٶֻĿھŹɽй䣬·۹Ƶġ
ƮƮ˵Ц𾪵ĺܣû뵽ҫȻѾӵǿ𵱳쵼ķай֮޲ȻϹ붭ϲʱҲεĲС
Ҫ˵ϹûĴԹҲǲܵģķаˣǰϣ˵Լ⵽аĻԴⶼҪ쵼ס
ǶѾǰ˲칬ˣһӸλڰ˲칬֮λгһְһУҲǳ첻٣ҪǰҫҪΪϱ˵Ϲ˻һ
ҲǱȽʶģڵһ֮֮ļҲǿıܿϹˣʲôҪĳͻ
Ϊ̵סǱƢƮƮɲ̣ǳƢһûз쭾㲻ˣ˭֪᲻ͻȻǳʲô
ʱƮƮžŹɽĺɽ֮ȥڽ֮󣬻û߳㱻
λҰ˲칬ĽڣλֹĪҪ˵أһ꣬˹֣нڵ˵
ҲǱȭ񣬿ɾҪػ֮ʣһԵƮƮˣһô簡ҫôµģ㲻ʶ壬ֱ͸죡
һһŭ쳣ͷһƮƮ漴תͷ꣬Ƶ˵ǸҵȲ֪˴ǹŵĽڣ֪׹ڴ˵أҵҪ̸
ǿѹŭڵǸҲܻش㣬ʲôĻ¿Դ
˵ͷ΢ЦȻˣǾͲˣλС׹к˵Ҫ̸
걧ȭ֣˵ͷɾҪظ֮ʣһԵƮƮ¶֮ɫǰһ΢΢漴ȳҫʦҪ̸̸
һȣǹע˲ٵȥ֮˲еͷĿѣԴĽת
ƮƮƳһۣЦһֱڵǿѹݺݵɨɣһֱĳ֮С
ƮƮľٶ̫ͻȻˣһ˲ҲӦҪŽȥʱ˭֪ƮƮȻٿյ˻֮֮ԶסΣֻĿŭɫݺݵĵ
ҰѾͷҴײ֪ʲôطô̸ҹȶˣ
ʱЦĴ֮߳ǰƮƮҳԺǳ⣬ͬеȻ˾պ㡣


ڰ Ů֮Ķ񶷣˾պս
˲칬ĽأҲԭɽׯɽľ̨ѾҫΪУܹﶼǰҫš
ҫߵĽֵȻǲö˵аҫڶϽʶѣܹҲʮˣϸ˶ûʸ룬Ϊǰҫרõ֮ء
ھ뾲̨Բڶǽɰҫ˵ΪⲿķƮƮҪǿдȻܵǵֻƮƮĽҲСѾﵽĳ̶ȣЩո򾳽Ȼû
˾պǴ˸ţƮƮ˳ȥĻ˲칬ɽŽأ׾ٵĴ룬ҪǴȥǻᱻЦ԰˲칬ҲкܴӰ졣
ʱ˾պл߳ƮƮǰƮƮĲ֮ɫ˫ԹĶβţ޲ҧһ
˾°²λ𷣣굥ϥأ˵
ԴӼ˲칬֮󣬶˼껶ǵõ˰ҫ˵ã˽ǳΪϵĶֻ֣ҲǷһְѾϵ֮һ֮֮ϵҪְˣҫǵãҲ˸е쳣ο
꣬ǳ°Ҳͻˣҫÿ˵Լ˽ҫ˵Ը񶼲ͬǵҲǷ
صǶԹдͻϣվֱԼĹѣͬԼĴϣ׳ƾһ
Ҳ˵ˣֻҪԼΪԵ飬ײͷѪҲײȥûзסƮƮӲе쳣ͬʱֲ˺Ҳ쳣ǿҡ
ĳϴΰ˰֣ЦɣҪסֻнյİܣŻյʤúüסһ̣Ϊһ̶˵õ飬ϲ£ſ£
εĻéٿҲѪڣֻصıȭȵл̻壬±ػġ
ѽѽ˰ţû뵽Ҳôļ⣬Ҵ۽簡ùأн
˾պһεļһ߷޵Ȼ˵ĻȷʵڿΣǸǷģѾ𣬽Ȼһ˵Ű
ˣûǵˣİɣһֻڶúýѵ֪ߵغҰѾͷϵĻҳ국Ц
һЦֲЦģΪεı˾պԴصףƨɸ߸߾ҪѿжѿȻ⵽εοʡ
ǳʶ뿪˾պҲϵĻҳϻͣʲôûֿ壬ƤЦѽʶ㣬ǰа˵ĸǰҫĴʦɣʧѽһֻǼˡ
ˣ˾屧˱ȭ΢Ц
ʱԵƮƮһԲͻȻгʣһһƬâٲһкȻԿϣе߷ƽҪһѩǰܡ
ȻŮ֮Ķ񶷣˾պɲ֣ΪҪ壬ԷʲôУҲûгֵĴ㣬Ϊ˾պ뷨ྶͥҲ
ؿǰƮƮ൱Ŀɹۣԭ۷壬뵽֮ĵ֮ľ磬Ľâֿ죬ŭμˣ쳣ˣת˲ѽе·ܵأǷҪӲӲɡ
Ľŭ
˿͵Ľƣûһ˿ľ⣬ֻһЦ֮⣬һһϵ羢âȫ汬˵ĵ羢һ߻Žâ
һӣ̧־һȭһȭʵ޻Եףǿ񱩵ĵ羢ƷѹƮƮһͷȭ羢ں׾ٵĵƮƮĽâ䳹ױ顣
ԯʮ죡
ȭ׺䣡
ʱƮƮ֮ɫе㲻ԼԵ飬εȭϣǿľĽâ֮󣬾δ֣ƵƮƮæչƣϰ˳ɹŽ侢⣬ɼ˴֮ʵԱԵĲࡣ
˵ʱʱ죬ƮƮոչм֮ʣεƲˣһһת˲ԵƮƮǰֻеǰһһӳǰӰ
εƣ磬֮ŭһƮƮÿһȶż产˵Ŀ񱩵羢·ҪƮƮһ㣬׺Ըӡ
@ȡ
һأƮƮǺм֮ˣε̶ܼȣܷӦĹģֵֻţ⵽εĿըգ֮ʮ֮࣬ݺݵѹ˵档
磬ȻƮƮϢĻᣬֻƸһ㣬һŤתÿתһȦһ֣ƸǼֱۣ²֮ʣ˫˳ƺһ͵ľ뺧˵ĵ羢ƮƮؿڡ
ԯʮ㶥幦
@ǿɱСף
鰡
εǿһнҪƮƮ֮ǰ嵭Ц磬˽ֻץסƮƮļ򣬽䳶أһ˳ƺε˸ܽӴһɲε羢Ŀͥ񣬲·硣
׻ӡƣ
䣡
һ죬ֲ绡ĳɢȥһʱ䷽ԲʮڵĻľըһƬǽ壬ĶԺ䣬ºˣѾﵽ̾Ϊֹĵز
ٿշˣ˳ʮ֮ԶأҲǻʮ֮ԶסΣӱϿ˫ʤʵĹҪʤһġ
Ͼӹ˵񷱦ҪԶʤԯʱҲɲƽȵ࣬Ҳ˵һ£书ѱȵ࣬ڹžԵơ
üʱ˫飬·׻һ쳣ܣŲԶЦӯӯ壬аǰ֮ʣȴ˾պסˡ
΢΢һ㶣תͷ˾պ㣬Ц֮ɫ˵ͷڵϢһ£
Ե˵ͷҲ˾պִ֣Ƕƽֲͣ˭˭浽˹ؼʱ̣˵ĴʶҲ൱ǿ֪壬˾պϳҲ޿ɺǡ
壬֣ϣͽŶ˾պǰһ˸Ц
Ҳûоܾ΢ЦͷԵƮƮһĲ֮ɫ˫񶾵ֱĿΣոҴˣһս
ǣ⣬Ӧû㵱˶ԴĴʦָϵüʱĻѾǸˣһƲЦ
˵ʲôƮƮһ˫ĿؽҧŭȵͬʱҪǰսһֱȴסûǰ
ˣһ߹սͿˣ嵭˵
ǡƮƮҧҧû˵꣬ͱһҭ˻ȥ
ûпǣû˵Ļô˵Ҳ쳣ı䡣
һĻŵƮƮһ£гһ˿־壬ԴʶǵһμԷ¶оˣееİˣвֻǿ־壬һֻҵ
岻ƮƮǰ˾պҲǰ˼ϵЦݱһִ״̬վ֮Ŀ磬˴˻ྯŶԷ֮У˵Ʋ¶ʼԳ塣
ͻȻһ˫Ŀ˵ľ˫ͫڱһŲһֻһӰӶŮǰת˲·˲һ˾պڵλϡ
ɾʱüͷΪǰû˾պӰ˾պʱȴ
ǣŶ


ھ ԾƶŹֵһĻ
죬쵽Ŀ࣬˾պļ٣嶼е㷴ӦűĻתһƺɨ˾պӡ
߲Ųæ΢΢ۿһƴԼǰɨȲ߿磬ͬĲ
ֵ̧£ֶԷȾͨͨҲûжأ˾պĹˣֻȭݺύƿ󣬲ѷɫҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣмҲ࣬ˮ©
ۼصܲ͸磬˾պù£㲻ӲƴһתǿȰٴʩչֻеǰһʧȥ˾պӰ漴һʹҲķɳ˳ȥ
˾պһﲻֹ̫ˣҪ취סУа룬ʹʹѾѹ¡
ɾ˼ոʧʱǰͻȻֳ˾պӰ̧һѸײڶ֮صĺ֮ϣֽ˻ȥ
ν˾պ˱ʱ䣬̫ˣת˲·һ㣬ʮӰȥм֧穣൱Ǳ
Ҫ˵Ṧ˾պٶȿ˿Ҷѷɫ٣ֻǺǳ񾳵ߣھΪǿһΣĻٶȶԣ˾պɲҶĶ٣Ƕ˻͵͵Թǲʤ
ؿǰڲͣĺˣ˵Ǳ˾պȫѹƣ˾պһ˲Ҳ࣬һֱȡߡ
һޱȣ߻ûüعͻȻһʹ˱ɳʮףҪǲ񣬻쳣ʵһѽ߹Ǻ顣
ס֮˾պ㲢û׷ֻվԭأЦ书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ƣ֣ˣ
˵꣬˾պתҪȥĿѾﵽһǸγһǱס˰˲칬Ϊ˲칬һӣҲķ֮¡
һټ˲칬֮󣬼ֱˮÿԼ϶Ų͵ĵλԼѹƵĲܣ
˾һʱ𣬲˾ٶְɣ˾պ㽫Ҫȥ֮ʱû뵽Ȼս⵹˾պ¶֮ɫתͷ
ĵЦ֮ɫ¶һŵζڶ˾պ˵Ѿƽ֮⵹˾պΪ棬ҪսһΡ
Ȼˣ¾ȴ֮ˣ룡
˾պ㱧ȭ֣Ǹָոµһ˲䣬˲ʧӰһѾǰ״ֻûչǶվԭֱü
˾պ㲻֪ôǰһиɻĸоȥȫ¶ʵԼֻҪչôȱ¶ķԼ֪Ǹط֡
ôˣ˾ôҪɣ嵭Ц漴ۼ˵ӦܷĹ˰ɣ
ⲻۻãһ۶ʱһɳˮһɱɷĽϣѾ̵ĿֻŸС
˾պüͷԽԽһסȾԼ漴һգۼɢʮӰΧ߲ͣߣ˾պϢңϢƽȣѾ𽥵ıա
Уȫûа취ҳһԾƶ廹ǲС˾պɫжʵһײ㡣
ôǻɣ˫ĿһĲӰЦ
֮ʣһ񱬷Ƹ߸̧漴棬˵绡ԲʮڵһըĲһǿճһƬط˾պǿԵı˳
׻ӡƣ
ֲ˾պ֮ϣ쳣ԣһָˣĿһǸ߸ЦԵüΪɭ
ֻ׶ܵ˾պǰ̧һָļϣһâǰ͸˾պļ򣬺һѪҪȴֱһָˣֻ⡣
ڴʱһԵοȥˣֻèһܣһֱڵֱ壬գ֮ѵͷϷһ̩ɽѹȾƥ¿ͷ­
@ȡɽŭ
۽һƲЦݸӵɭָһ㣬õεӿȪѨϣθеԼ׻쳣ʹǿָܿģֻһָѣԷ˶ء
˾պ㲽·磬һԵƮƮüɫ裬ǿĵĲˣ֮ǰԼεϣǺݺݵĳ˿ڶ
ؿ˾պߣۼαɣ˾պŭӿһ֮󣬹ʮɣǿ籩һ㽫ܵ˾պһ̧ͦһƺš
岻ŲæƱһ˾պƵƺ˾պļιϣһ죬˾պֻеҼ紫һʹһƴǡ
һӣ˾պǰһǲĿƣת˲ѽɣֻգ֮ʱ䣬˾պʮƣÿһƶź˵ƴ˾պ޻֮
׻ӡƣ
ʱ˾պȫܣͲĶ֣һֹϣ̧ץס˾պ죬߸߾漴͵һѵˣ
һ䣬ץס˾պ͵ķһǿǿ˾պɣ˾պ˱ļҪȥһԵοּŭɾȥΪ˾պΧʱȴһĮĻ
Σ°ɣң
΢΢һ㶣ĿϣﲢûκζĴڣûгֻȷڸ˵ǡС֡
ֵĻոʧܵ¶ȱ㿪ʼٽ£ԭ죬һӷ·˺£ֻ˰׿֮Уһֱʡ
ո֮ʱԲڵ¶ȽĸˣҪ͹㣬һȻܵĺȫڣ˫Ŀʱεɫľ⣬Դƫһԣڵķλһɺһֱĳڵķȥ
ɵĺܿ죬ٶȼΪˣŽѣǰѾӰֻͻȻգ֮Բ׶ľ롣
忴곯ԼѾιȥ˾պ㶪һԣɭһЦиĵˣܺãҲ뿴Сʦܵ£кξ֮
ۼſ˾պ㣬ͫ΢΢һһԣ̧һƺ壬δǱ̹ǵƷ溮ޱȣֻѽܵĻľɱơ
ơ·˪
ʱѾЦˣɫ쳣ϾϾųɣ˵ܵĺɢ΢΢ƣһ˳ƺƾһǰͿ񱩣һƵľҲѷɫ١
׻ӡƣ
ԣһ죬ϯܵľкһ࣬涼˵ྡྷѹһӣƼ产ˡ
ʮң֮ɫ˻صεߣ̧۹ŲԶ壬ǹĴʦ֣壡
嵭ЦͷڵСְɣ
ͬͷ˻ӣ絶ֳ쳣ĽţļңֶȻһս
ؿ鷿ߣҫ鷿ѾҹСһĺ֮ɫǰİҫ˵ĹŹ֡
˵ҫͨҲֻðʱѣɰҫʱȴһʵĻƣڰ֮У⵹ǰСʼδġ
๫ҫӣôСָָҫʵ
ǳ˼һᣬƺͨʲô΢ЦԭˣСӣҰĻͦأ


ʮ Ԫһͨ
๫Ҳ˼СĳŰգգۣʵ
ûйƴĻҫӦƷҲ飬㻹ǵôƷɴͨʱʲôЦеĻص
С΢΢üǺܾǰˣʱҪ䣬еѣڳ˼֮СͻȻһۣ¶֮ɫڵɣѵҫ롣У๫ֹһʧܵĻҫˣֹѽ
СŰĵĸ첲쳣Ľƺҫھʲôվһ㣬ôҡΰĵĸ첲ʼղΪֻ̾һڵӣ侲һ£ҫɹˣܴﵽƷɵĸ߶ȣʱΪⷽصǿ񲻿ա
ƷƷɣҫôһŶۣοƷɵҲǾһûҲܣԸҫʵͣǰҲԸôΣյ飡㲻֣ˣСŭصƿһߣһСȡ䡣
Сȡ䣬һİģ궼ûˣһСǰż˵ǧҪǲҫǾһһǳֵĻҫʮˡ
ҫеԪؼʱ̣һǿдϣҫڵ᳹ʧأԪǿҫĻȫ飬Ķӣ򲻿ɳѽ
С˲亹ֱڰĵסԼĳ嶯֮٣ԼӽԼϣ˵һֲ¼ԭԼ
˵ô죬ǾʲôһԸɵ𣡡Сջ֮̾Ϣһڵ
Ҳֻܵˣҫʧܣʱٳ֣ʧȥƵȻպҫľ罫дֻҪܻͻϣڣֻܵˣҲ֮̾ɫ
ڶһĪչ֮ʣҫµı仯ֻ͵һ˫Ŀ˵Ƥˮһ㾧Ө͸ֻƤɫϸ֮··ֻȼգԵ쳣
ڰҫķ뼹ĵһ·ɢųɫĹâĵﴦͬһųɫĹ˸ͣ
Ȼҫؿϵ·͵ķ۵ĺ⣬һߴ·͸ֱ£ﴦǿŹʼա
ҫѪ͹𣬲ûбƤҧţвͣѪ˵һƺʲôҪĳűһֲֿĸо
һĻİСľѣǶ߬ȭͷָﶼȻָ֪Ѫ䣬һۣҧǰİҫ
ҫͲһˣɳͿһˣǧҪסĿ磬аٸн˵Ѿ˼㣬ֻҪҫʧܣ̳ȱסҫ˵
𣡡
ͻȻҫһ͵չﴦǿŹŷĿĺ⣬һɷ·ҪذĻȫ汬Ҫ鷿
ĵһӣһռ֮ɵϵԼСǰɻγˢûа취֣һԵСһһȭͺǰĿռ֮ϣ飬һ彫˳忪ֱĳĵİҫ
ۼˣҲãֻ̾ϢҡͷɾΧ˱С**ɢ֮ǰİҫڵϣɵɵֱǰ漴̧˫գ¶һֿϲ֮ɫϻдʵ˵ţԭĿѽ
ҫҵҫ
һľûѰҫĶĤ̴֮һٻӰݺݵĽҫ˻УãȻʧİҫһʱ仹ûӦĸ׵ůϢһӺ쵽˲Ӹ
ף죬ſңûˣСõʵ̫°ҫС˶ظסͷ­ֱҲûĺ󲱾ѹϣСҪٲ֣°ҫҪˡ
ӣҾԷˣȻҫҪĻˣһԵİεһڵ
Сһ죬ûĵ˰һۣɿҫֻҫڴڵĴŴ̹СĿֲСҲСһΪɵЦš
ʱǰһڵҫǲǰԪһ𡣡
ҫԿģ˼֮΢΢һЦͷ˵ûʵҲ뵽ģҲ֪ܲܳɹǾһ£û뵽Ȼ㾪գҹɹˣĻ²ɣ
ߣֹǲ룬֪֪ĺģҪС㷢˴˷УҲΪ׵³çô򣡡ĳһصһ°ҫ飬û˵
ҫͷɵǺǵЦţһԵСҲһ΢ЦҡͷͻȻСĵָۣĪһ飬ԼĵûΪԼİ
ҫĿ˰Сһۣ֪ôģ۽ƳĸƤⷭѪָʱоͻӿһǿҵĸж
˫ϥصĹڰСǰһǸ֮ɫڵ״ˣףǵˣ
һĻŵСæǰҫ𣬽ŵ˵ҫɵӣеﲻԼĵֻҪúõģＴʹֺη
˵꣬Сݺݵĵ˰һۣҲ֮ɫæ⣬ڵҫǲең֪ⷽж˳ɹԪһͨô
ҫ΢΢һҡҡͷһ΢Цֻһʦ𣬽ƷɣһʦѣͬҲıУĪơǵ֪֪Ԫһ֮ͨ󣬻ʲôô
ҫٴãȻҡҡͷҲǴںĲŻôȥҪ˵⵱ʲôڣһŲ֪
ôǣ㽫пܴﵽλĸ߶ȣΪǿ֮һĵЦĻݺݵ𾪵˰ҫĿɿڴ
пܴﵽƷĸ߶ȣһʲôĸѰܶӵУİҫȴԼĸе֪ԼǸܣҪ֪Ʒɿǵǿ֮һ
ŰҫǸĿģЦһ΢΢ҡͷڵˣҪﵽƷĸ߶ȣҲһκܳ·Ҫߣֻ˵·ѾƽˣҪȱ˰ٱǧѣ˵̫磬ڵľ絽ʲôĳ̶ˣ
ҫ˵ͷҲǣǿôóɾ͵ôûôףԼδĵ·أȥҲֻɽѡ
ҫٶ룬˫ĿԼľ磬˫֮һڵãֻǳڶѣҾѾٽˣľҲܹӦҪͻ̫࣬¶Ժγ谭أ
Ե˵ͷ˵أʲôˣ
ҫһʼת񹦣ߣ֮˲־ſųɫĻţ˿̵ľſŻŸһ־ĸоȥ˲٣¶ȴԽ
ָоӦǾ̩Ĺˡҫ΢΢һϲڵ
ٷٴ˵
ҫ˵ͷѾ״ͨҪȥṦֻҪһֻ̱ܷǵҫ֮󣬵ڵҲŷת
ͻȻһҫԼеľĻȫ汬ȫǣ˷·֮ʥַͬʱǾſŻţſС̫쳣ҫۡ
ǡɣΣҫԾĿԼһĻ𾢣㶵˵
ǰϸĴŰҫĵ˵ͷڵҫסֱƷɹ֮ǰҪѹάڵĲΣǧҪ̤ĶΣ֪ô
ҫͷʵΪΣ
ΪغܷɹﵽǴ˵еʮʥ֮


ʮһ û벻һİҫ
񹦣Ϊأ֮ϻΪĴĴ׶ΣֱǾһ̩ԼǴ˵еĽ׶Σ
ǰ׶ζûʲô˵ģʵڵģ񹦵߲ξǾȻ࣬ȷ˴ﵽģǾΣȴû˴ﵽΪʮʥһЦĴ˵ѡ
ʵһ˵ôҲȻеҲֲֻε۷ǿ߲Ż֪ʮʥʵڵģҲȷ˳ɾ͹⴫˵еĲΣڰƷɵ˶ֱ
״ˣĴҲ˵ǣҪﵽǴ˵еʮʥ𣬲ҪĲβŻᵽôҫʵ
Ϳˣճ˵ӦǲƽŶԣԼϵ˼ƺԼҪؾһ㣬пֱǴ˵еʮʥһ㣬ȻҪƷɴӿռлС
İ˰֣ЦʵеûѰѧѭ򽥽ʮʥͬʵ˹λǿ֮ˣҲﵽʮ֮޵ڵ
ǣλ˸оʮеھףѪ֮ûܣڵһһǰ֣һʱһʮʱ󾢲á
ͬʱҲ¹ؿڣ֮󣬱ֹǱܱեɣͣؿڵӵС
Ϊӵһһֱ̣ѾһļؿڣϵһʱԵľؿֻΪߵǵûȹ
Űһѻҫüͷ΢壬ͷ˼ȻһֿЦС״ʵҫôˣ뵽ʲôô
ҫ˵ͷЦ뵽һͻʮĿֻ֮ǡ
ҫһ΢΢һЦڵҫ˵˵뷨
ҫ̾һ΢΢ҡͷڵ룬ɢһһؾ޻ˡ
һСһۣ漴΢΢һЦǰİҫļ򣬿ڵҫҪԼ̫ѹ޾ԣʦʲôİ취ȴû˵
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷҲǣҪﵽʮĸ߶ȣɢ޲Ǳؾ֮·ǣ˭֪Ϊǿµǿ߽Ʒɣ᲻бĿ֮أ
ƷɵĻ漣пֻܷǣԶˮⲻ˽ʣڵİҫҲֻܽԼĸʵˣܴﵽ뻯֮һڿռ֮ĸ£ԼĹ쳣
ˣҫҸ׻бҪȥסʱ㹦뾳缸һҪúõȹһ£øȣòʧˣҫúŬչ˺Լ
ĵĻ֮סС֣ʼĵȥСе㲻ᣬɵĿҫɰ촽΢Ҳֻܰҧ˵ͷһּҫ
ҫ˵ʼãϥأ˵͵ף
΢ЦͷһԵСҲ̾Ϣһ˰֣֮ʧΣʧ֮󣬰ҫվ˸һڣȭԼľ빦һ֣ûЦʵĽе˷ܡ
ͻȻһҫ˻֣ӦٶüͷȻ֮ɫ˽ҫ΢΢һЦڵôˣһɱڵӣǷʲôô
ҿ˿ѯʵҫ磬ĸأ
ŶǰеҪ飬żˣô֪ģҫ΢΢һ㶷ʵ
ûİһۣƲֵĻصֵܸҵģĻ鷿ҹѷӲˣ
ҫ˼ĸЦ֮ҲΪԼͨ飬ԭԭ˵˳֮󣬾ϲ֮ʮֵĲ죬ǲǰҫȻԪһͨ⵹Ƕַǳĸо
ҫʵһȵ⵹Ƕ˸οΪֻҪҫԽǿôǣԼ˲칬ŻԽбϣպķչԼλŻӵȹ̡
ˣҵ˵ˣˣǵӣӦʲôҪҰɣҫ΢Цʵ
ţǵģٲĻӵġ˵ͷϳһַڵ
ҫüʵ׷ʲôˣ
ƳƳ죬漴һЦڵһϢһϢһ
ҫ˷ۣڵ˵õİɣ
΢Ц˵ͻƵˣ
ôǻǸϢأҫһϲȻǵжԹϵѱǰӣͶԼôͻƣҫȻΪеˡ
ǻϢأϲһ󣬰ҫʵ
Ϣǣ֡˾պ㡢֣ȫҰǸʦϡһɲı˵
Ӵ˵ɣʵҫһ㶣漴Цڵ
ɫһ֮Դֲ֮ɫֱĿҫƵ˵ҫ磬鷳һòãѾкܶΧˣֱڴǵȻЦĳǱˣߣ
ҫ΢΢һЦҡҡͷĹĵǰԴڵѾͷҪ棬Ѱд裬Ӯǳе£ҪĻԵúô䲻𣡴һ
ðҫ˵ҲԣȻȻҲǵ˵ͷҫ״һЦڵˣǻڴô
ӦûڶţϢǸոյõġٵĻص
ҫһڵߣȥ
ɽУѪ֮ɫע壬ߵ˾պҲͬһĲ֮ɫˣһɶҲ֮£ȴɰϡ
ʱΧŲˣǶǰ˲칬ˣ˽Χм䣬ָָͣ㣬󲿷ֶɫأ֮лŵŭ
ǲΪֵŭŭƮƮͬʱ֮ƮƮǺһ䳰ȷ˵̶ֶҲû˼ֻվһ΢ЦͣƺĬƮƮ˵Ļ
û뵽ҫȻȺҷνİ˲칬Ҳǽ⣬ǶѡƮƮˣ°΢΢м֮ɫ
Ļ׵ĵȼΧ˵ŭʮ˽žҪǰƮƮƴʱһĻ֮䡣
ô˵Ұ˲칬ǣǺãְɣ
һ䣬һŮ£ߣ˷ֱǸСܲѣ˵ǻ磬ȻĽݱһ㱡ɴڵǻеŭ⣬ȴ쳣ԡ
ĻƮƮеܴͱǳ񾳵ΪԼֻеĵѣôĶ֣˼սԼҪǲҽӣԴˣˡ
ôҴ򰡣ԭҲֻһѰȻûսɣЦһָ˵
Ǹ߸ҡҡͷ뿪֮ʣһ֮ǰףףⲻǳսӮҪȥӴ
ʱ˶̧ͷգۼҫЦӯӯĻ䣬˰е˽ǵϥ¹򣬹˵һμ
Ҳҫʱ˫ͫ͵һ㣬쳣𾪣ҫĸоһˣǰȼֱˣıĲòǹȻ¶ơ
оԼǰѾǰҫһֳ˫̫ʱ̶ܽԼճ޳
ʦֺѽ磬Ҳְɣ


ʮ ǿԼ£һаܣ
ҫ֮ʶĸеһ˿΢ľ⣬ǿҫʱֲ̫ȥֱӵĴ
ʵϸ룬ĴҲȻģΪԴӰҫԼ֣֮ûӮһΣһζûС
ҫһȳΪеħΪɱ֮ˣҫеħԶûĿܡ
ڰҫû̫嵱һ£ҲǰҫƲ壬ֻҪԼ°ܽȥԹעĻǰҫæ⼸һ·ڰҫϵˣǶ಻ʤûǸ
ؿǰҫһ͸һױȵѹȸУе쳣Ĳ죬Ŷ̶̼ʱѣҫѹȻܴﵽĳ̶ȣ֪ҫʵѾԶ
Сʦܣû뵽첻оǿװ򶨣΢Ц˵
Ǻǣʦ˵ЦˣôҲϲϴʦѽ಻ȻѾﵽڵľ磬ֽٶȣҿĪأҫ΢Цص֮оⲻת磬Ϊոͻƣûĳ̶ȡ
ҫӮҪʲô˼䲻Ļֱ˵һ䣬óսһףԼ˶۸ٲɣƮƮֲһָŰҫһӶĺǳ
ȻҶ񣡡
ƮƮµһ˲䣬дһ·һŭȣӰƿնһ̧һѹǿƾ̩ɽѹ۳һɿľ޴ӡֱѹƮƮͷ߶ǶֵܣֵǶ
ʱƮƮ˴ԭأûѾǴӡεķһָˣֻվԭɪɪ¶֮ɫ
һԵ΢΢üһƮƮߣһ񱬷ҪΪֵһƣɾҪ֮ʱԶոصİҫЦһָһһ߿缲磬ֱǵӡӡƺ۵Ļ֮£Ȼɢʧ١
˼ô˵ҲǿˣͻȻϮɲҰ˲칬Ĵ֮أҫЦ
ֵ˲ҫֻӰոճ֣˵㵥ϥأ˵֪𷣣
ˣǵ£˿һ԰ɣҫ˰֣΢Ц
ֵаһҫǶ˵ټĺܣǶҲ̬ˣЩνŹӸҲ٣һŰ裬ֺġ
ҫƽ׽ˣûʲôӵ֮󣬻ûҰҫŬԼӵеʵ۷ѣڶ˶԰ҫʵȥ
ٿߣʱüͷûƤãȰһ£ܵŵƮƮ漴Ŀ翴ҫ
еǣпŵп֣ҫ赭дĴݻǵӡ˿ܿʲôҲܲʲôֱ쳣𾪡
֮ǰеǸг۷ΪȻֻһҪӦҲҪϴģɰҫȻһָƵӡ˵Ѿﵽ˳۷֮
ⲻܣѣǰֻǳٽڵΪҾûиӦŶ̶̵ڵľ磬ҲܴﵽĽٶȣǷҪ̽һ²ˣкƽҫֳƣʵľѡ
ʵֻеľҫԼԼոһָ֮е죬ֵܵΪ۷һ³ӦҲҪԴ
ǹȥԼҪȫмܲУԼոֻǱһԵ̬ߣȻɹĻ˶ӡ벻ġ
Ȼҫ֪ԼԪһ֮ͨʵż侪˵Ľû뵽̶ֳȣǿԼ¡
Сʦܣ֮ǰ˵Ҫ֣֪һЦ
ҫ΢ЦͷڻصȻǾͱһкˣ˺˵أʦ֣
ãͷӦֻƴһҲãʵĳ̶ȣһ֮Ѿ㹻֪̽ԷĵϸˣһбȻҪ춯һء
ͬʱȭ˸񣬰ҫһܣʾһҲ˵ֻǰ˰֣˵ͷֵܻиеˣʼɢΧȺ
ٰ˲칬жڸ߲㣬ǵĻǾԵͬʱڰҫĹ£ȺʵûбɢֻǱʮйս
⵹ǰҫΪ֮ΪܰҫߵԱ󽫣˵ɨ˰˲칬棬Ҫȥİ˲칬ϻһ𺦣ԣҫҪһҲսԭ
Ⱥɢֳ֮һƬĿյأֻʣԼеĳ񾳸Լ߲ǣԽۿ
ʱһ˫ĿһɣһĿһצŭϵĺܵһУ˫ֽӡзһıȡ
ӡֱĶգ΢΢գ֮͵һ죬һˮͰֱºϣ˵׾֮ϣ֮ǿ֮ʵ̾Ϊֹ
񷱦Ǭ
ۼȫ۹ҫҲͬʾ˲𣬾ſŻԲһֲ֮ϣȫ汬˫ܷӣ𾢼ͣＴȼէ֮£ҫ·̤𺣣һɵ֮С
񹦶幦̩
ǲԶȺǶ֮һĿڸ˫ĿһգգĽŶ˲ţЩ˸վϣĿ˶ˣվ֮𾪵ĿŽ¶ˡ
ڰҫ彫߷㣬ǲ²죬һȣը죬ֳ˳⣬˽ǶĤ죬¶֮ɫ
ʱֱת˲ѵʮ׵ĸ߶ȣһ֮˫һ˳ֱ£ǿֺ˵ֱŵ׹ȥ·콵׺İҫ
׻ӡǿɱС޼ƣ
ۼ£ҫһ΢΢˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬ڵľͨ˰ٱֹ֮ͨԪﵽһͨʼա
ͨԪĹᴩҫľ𾢶ʱǿʢ˰ٱֹ𾢳ֽ֮ɫҫ΢΢һͣ˫˳ƺ˫ƶԺһ
Ԫһͨ۷幦
ơɽ
˫Եһ˲䣬¶֮ɫµ̼䱻ҫĻɵһɶ˱𾢲ƣɻգһӾͱʮ׿⣬·𵹷յǣ˴Ŀġ
ɣһоͰˣǸλǰ鷳Ǿɣ
ҫһк֮ԼһԼôǿôԪһ֮ͨҲ̫ǿһɣԼĹǿһԼûٿĳ̶ˣʱãǱԸֵܾ塣
߶˵ͷǣͬʱֱʣ̶̼Ĺ׷彫£ʱޱȣ˷·սһ֮ɫɢһֵĽζҲǳ٣Ѿ˹ȥ
ҫ̾ϢһҡҡͷΧʱΧ˶ĿɿڴĿҫεЦЦͷڵѾͷȥСǱõҩȫΣˡ
ع񣬼ѵһĭ㶵ĵ˵ͷҲҫ˲䱬ˣֻеˣˣޱĿ࣬ͷҫǿĳȵĸо
񹦸޵УҲ֪˭֯ģʮ׿İ˲칬ˣˢˢĹڵأȵ
ɾ˷ܵȳ֮ʱԭ΢ЦİҫɫһӱüΪ


ʮ ̹ףɱҪˣ
ҫܣ絶Զϥأһǫ֮ɫҫأϵıǵûϲЦտҪγѪ
ֳһᣬЩ˸оʲôԾʱ򣬰ҫһ漴ȵӽҲ˵ʲô޵еĻΥٻء
һ˽Ǵ˸ǱǺ⹧άҫɰҫķӦǴĳ˵֮⣬ǻΪҫԼˣάԼˣ˭֪ʲôûУеֻǺǳ⡣
֪ʲôǣﲻҪֻ˵άˣ޵У޵еĻȥаˣҪ齨ͬаô
Ҫ֪ⷽأûν޵ôһ˵ĻҪǴȥֻᱻЦЦǰ˲칬Ǿ֮ܣΪֻоôӦòϣ鷢ɣҫ˵ȴ⵶һֱÿ˵Ŀڣ޵ݵĸо
ҫٴοһˣɫһ˵ʵϣ֪ԼĿģԼ˼һԭҪ֪һвΪңΪԼŶԣάĻ˵ǻԼļ԰ĻҲͬҪǿΪǹͬļ԰
ҫһ䣬ֳѻȸž˺һ֮ٴȵ֪ҵȱػᷢͼǿҰ˲칬֮
ʱҫЦݣڵܺãסǵĻ˲칬һ˵ģǴҵģʹǵļ԰̩ɽ˸ۣͬǿһˣǿǴҡ
ҫĻ˷ˣʵ˲칬Ȼûж೤ʱ䣬ˣѾʼһְݵ
νů˼**һ˰ݵʧȥģʧȥǷִʧȥǷеŻ𣬰ҫȻ֣˵ĻΪ˽ϨĻµȼĿҲǴﵽˡ
ҫ磬ĵĹԽԽӦŶҫߣЦ˵
ҫһЦԴڵǲôȥˣȥͷˣҪûѪԣһ̲ԣʱ䣬ҪˣúõĻǲС
΢΢һ㶣΢ЦͷҫֿԶĹٵˣ֣ٵΧ˽Ȼ˵չ˼ҵۡ
һԵĶֵܶŬŬ죬ߵ˵ͷʾףͬܵΧȺɢ
ҫ֮Ѿ˰ʱѱѹסȻû֮ǣȴɻԲѣֱ뿪֮˸еֵǣƮƮû뿪
ҫü˶һۣ֮ɫҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷʾҪţǰһƮƮʵôˣ㲻ڹĴʦ֣ƴɣ
ƮƮüҫ񣬴һֳ֮ɫС΢һֹģİҫ΢΢񣬾ƮƮҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬰ҫȻתˣƮƮҲ̾Ϣһҡҡͷתȥ
ʵǶڹŪ飬֮ǰƮƮҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬰ҫ͵͵˵Сĸǽжҹʱ̨ʲôʱ˵ɣ
ҹʱ̨ƮƮԼҫʯ̨֮ϣңգŰҫıӰƮƮͻȻĸо
˵Ǹҫһ𳤴Ȼҫֻһ΢ˣǣƮƮȻԸ߰ңԲ
֮ԴС۸ҫʵǰҫӲͷԸΪ飬иеߣĻôȻвͬ
ٿҫǸͷӲĲëͷСӣûб䣬Ӳͷһöֻ̬ǷȸߵƣİҫƮƮУȻһֱĹʡ
ƮƮ˦˦ͷԼôˣȻЦ뷨ҫͷҲصЦôˣǶʲôǷ֮ɣҼѾͷˣŶ
ҫô˵ƮƮͷŭݺݵĵŰҫҫЦһعΣƮƮ΢ЦЦѣôɣʲôҪ˵ô
ƮƮ΢΢üǸ岻ı飬ƺԥʲôֻ̾һҫڵҫҾֱһˣͶ㣬ʵĿģǣȴӦңպ󶫴·ҪŹҸʦ֣ĻҲ㽫Ҫ¡
Ҿ˵ԴʦֵԸ񣬾ٲ¶ͶҵģҺܺ棬ôܹЩͲҽ̱ʣһҲôӦκ飬֪֪ĶѽҫǸ߸˫зĿֱƮƮЦ
ƮƮûбŵηֱŰҫ˫ۣǲķˣҸʦҲܻˡ
ҫüһ˵Ŀ⣬Цӯӯ˵Ҳ˽šϾǴСһ𳤴ģãҴӦ㣬ֻҪȫгǰĿģҾͷһ·
һԼȳƮƮҫ
׷ҫ΢Цص
ƮƮ˵ͷ̾˿ڵ治֪ΪʲôͷҪаԣ˼һ˴ۣ˽ǿɱּź¥ҶѪֶԸǣɱּŽڽļİ˲칬ȫ氵ɱɱּǾ񾡳˶ˣǷ˲칬ˡ
ҫüƮƮһۣ漴ͷ˼ƮƮû˵ѣӦĵȻû˵ѣô⽭ǿɱּűػһ鷳͸Ϊɱְ
֮ǰҲἰɱֿɲͬߣĺ伫ֻҪɱĿǶϣһǶôֻֽҶ֮٣ǧжδػһ
¥ҶѪ갵֣ʱҫʧɾʹˣǸ㰵ɱ䲻⹥䲻ҫһû׼Ի˲ء
ҫϸ룬ٴοƮƮڵǽֵô󣬾ΪҰ˲칬սȻл㱨ɱּţ׼ɱһֲˣа伫
ҿӦṩ鱨ֻҪ㡣
ֻҪҷŹǰɣİɣҰҫ˵ȥĻͬóȥˮȻ˵˲ΪǣͲ¡ڼ鱨ôͲˣʵʵ˵ͿˣԿó廹ذҫƮƮ΢Ц˵
ƮƮ΢΢һ죬ڵͲ˵Ļ
ΪʲôҪɣ㶼˵ҪҷŹǣǾ˵ҵʵģɱּżʹܵҲδңһǲУұȻỳʦ֣ʱֻǶ˿˵ûɣҫЦӯӯ˵
ƮƮҡͷЦڵ㲻Ϊʵǿ㾪˵ͷԣǰôû֡
ҫƲƲ죬ڵУ㲻֪ȥˣˣȻȥɣҪллͨ籨ţСһ㣬Ҫ¶ţҲʲôʡ͵ĵأ
ƮƮ̾һ˵ͷתȥƮƮӰʧ֮󣬰ҫ˿ܣڵˣˣɣ
ҫһ䣬ͻȻһƬ춯١ָСҶġ°ͬʱҫһۣ΢Ц缸ؿһӲҪ򿩣ôʲô뷨
ԣһ㿴ңҿ㣬Ҷķˣĵܣ֪ǲóıײˣɣֻܳͺ
ǰôǾͺˡ
պ󣬾ŹɽɽϵУһȺֽýݵĲ֮ͣͳһ࣬Ų춯֮Уûһ˿촫̼ѵɽ֮µİ״
Ϊһֵ̧֣˼ֹһˣ˵ҹҪŹ˲칬еκһˡ


ʮ Դսɱ֮
Ҫ˵µɱ֮ͷǿɱּĪǿɱּŷֱǺ¥ҶѪꡣ
˵ҲȤνǿɱּţʵǧǰһңǵµһɱּ帵ҵ֧ѡ
Ҫ˵ңǸʱ˲֪˲ֻҪǸɱˣ˭ˣ˭˭ӵﶼӲһҪ̸𸵼˲£˲
ЩҶϵˣ޲ɢҲĵΪһеķͽ͵ģǾͷ·ǹʹһ㣬Ҫܻ⣬ҵҲƷйأ˵׼ȷʵǸƷɵֵܣĪֱӵĹϵ
ҵ֮ŮΪӰųһţ˳ơҹ֮ذĸ𽣬ڻԵɺ֮½ʶѾСƷɣһʣΪãڽд˺һЩʱա
ʱƷֽʶĪƣǶԸһ飬˲費˼ĵزڸĪͬҲ֣Ͷϣⲻһɲһ˫˫׹밮֮УƷҲȫֶ֧మ
һʱĪƿǴ⣬밮ڽһ·壬ҲǴһ㲻СΪɾ¡
ɺþϢ󱲸ҵ֪ҵԨȻŭ׷ɱɱĪƶ죬Ҿ񾡳ĪչϮɱ˫һ棬ȻǱһս
ΪĪƵ֮ƷȻ⣬֮µ븵Ҹִѽѷ֣κθҸԴԴһһһһ˸ܵУԮΨвҰճ
ڶһ֮ʱƣŶһ·ұֻЭ󸵺ĪƷǰߣ˿ŭȴ޲ߣֻĿĸȥ
ĪƷƽԼսңĳսƷĪƵʵͻͽǶ˾߱ǿʵ֮ɱ򸵼ңҪӭظ𽡣
첻ԸһĶǵĶս֮󣬸ĪƵ߸ʬ֮ʧ٣ֱĪֽǹƥٴɱ򸵼ҡ
ʱĪǿ󣬸һ֮ƥУҼҲʮ֮£ҰܣǱĪƲ̵ŰɱƷɳҪȰ
ĪƵĸıƷɶеľȰƷ̻ңѣƷȰסĪҲֻһֻ۱һֻۣ֮֮ˡ
һͼֱֻʣ֧ʵҲĺ¥ҶѪ꣬ԭĪƻҪɱ¾ȥ֧ҲƷ裬յ֮ΪУʵϡ
˴սҹĪƲбظ־ߣ֧ǹӲдȻƷɵı֮ҲǧлֻƷҲԼĿԣǷǱ֧ɣĻɲܸ֧侮ʯͲˡ
ǵ񽭺ǿɱּŵԴˣؤ֪ҫƷɵĵӣ˵ɱּӦòҫԲǡ
аȴɱּŵһ춯صϢƷɲڿռ֮УδʱûҸǼ޷ܾ꣬ɱּǸӣǰͻϮҫԼİ˲칬
ʱ¥ҶѪ񣬲Ҫҫ˳⵱ĻҪ¥¥˳ơʥѪϷǷ
ϷǷΪʲôֵôΪҫ߷ĵҶģ֪ҫҲ齨ɱ֯䡯Ұĸ˾Ҷ֮ϷǷûιȥ
ɱ겻̰ͶзϢ¥ΪɱֽЦϷǷ˵ֱܴ裬νҪҪƤıѣ֮¥½˺ôһڣ޷ܵģԣҫǷɱɣɱĻҶġ
ǷжûжˣʱһٸϷǷߣЦ˵磬Ҷˣⰵ֣˳ơ۷ɻ
ϷǷƳһٸûֻ̧˻ӣһƬĻӰȴûзһ˿춯ڷٽӽ˲칬̳
һΪ˲칬ʲô̶ѨӦ÷ǳܲŶԣû뵽ɽµҲʮѲߣеЩǰǴ̫ˣʵǲǲŶԣ
һ֮ϣԼֵ֮䣬èһ죬һЦ
Ѫ˵һΪѴ֮ӫ磬ȣɱֻһ˳ơһ߾
ǵķϻ̫ˣ䣬߰ɣϷǷĿ˺һһۣҲǻػһѪһʧӰ١
˼ϷǷ䵭ҲһЦ֮ͬʱǿɱּţ֦ͬϣҪ˲칬һȷѪꡣ
ʱ˲칬֮ڣһʮʿһУ֮ϽѲߣͻȻһ۵İ׹еۡ
׹ÿ죬ʧҲ죬ڰ׹ʧ֮ʣʮʿ̵أ˵ʺһѪߣǵصһǣһѾ֮䣬ôĿǵ
˲칬ȷôȻôһȺﵱǺǣһصʬ壬Ǹ߸ѪһֲмɫЦ
ʱϷǷ硢һɱ֮ɱ֣ѾȫǱ뵽˲칬֮Укҹڻټҹʱǳ˾иʱǵж˳ʵ֮
ʱϷǷľɱȫصУ֮ϣõϢǣȺһ·ֻɱһЩɢɢѲʿɰ˲칬ڵ߲ǣԼһЩսԱȫʧ˸ɸɾҲ˵ǵϵһЩҪĿȫˡ
ϷǷ֮󣬱˴˶һۣͬʱüԼԼֲõԤУͻȻϷǷ͵һ˫Ŀڵǵٱ¶ˣϳ
֮ʱҹ֮УһˬʵЦǵ񽭺ɱ֮ôͷֲԾţףǿڲҪߣеӴ
Ц֮ϷǷ͵һ̧ͷͬʱʮ׵ĸ߿֮ϣնǰһɫս۵꣬Ŀ¶Цǡ
Цӯӯĳǹ˹֣ڵӦҵĻɣòһ㻹Ҫҽһµģλǰã˲칬ҫδʱӭλǰĴݣʧˣձػŵǸģ
ϷǷ˶һۣޱȣյϸ鱨֮󣬲׼ڽҹչȫ氵ɱɱ¶Ҳö˵ʲôȻ屳Լˣŭӿ˶˵ֱĳŰҫȥ
Ǻǣӻͦ
ҫһ˫зѪľ⣬˲һ𾢱ҹգһӣ绮ҹյĻǣֱĳϷǷˣս񽭺һָɱ֮ˡ
ؿУ֮ϣɱ֣ϷǷ˷֮˲仯Ϊ㣬ʮΪһӳһ룬ж뻮һֳɣǵĶϾܿЩɱֵ֡
ֻǼȻѾ֮ô˲칬Ȼ·µţҪȫߣǲܵ顣
ΪУΧˣˣٶֵԼˣҶԼܹܰʮ񾳣۷֮ԼػǧƽţԼҫ˵İֻţѽɱذΧ
㰵ɱǰɣǾҪҹ˭ɱ˭ˣٺ٣ЦеĿűΧŵľɱǣһ˫Ĵۣ˸˵ĺ⣬漴һӣڵͶߣȫɱˣ
ְµһ̣١Сˣբͻ񽭺ǿɱּŵľǡ


ʮ شϤɱ֮ǣ
PSϵԳ˵⣬ٸһ£λǸȻǣĳɼҲôһĽлλˣǣ鲻βӿ첽ᣬӿ죬ǣλǣҪеƱѽֵҲġ
ϷǷδɱ֣Ǿ񣬳Ӿ֮ʮʮʣĽʥ֮ʵڰͻϮ£ⷽؼЩѰһ˵һجΡ
ǣ˲칬ѰĳһôȻǣ˵ⷽǿĳһ񾳵ûа˲칬ô࣬˲칬Ȳ϶Էģֻǵ̶ѣҪʵ˲칬ʶһ֮ʸ
ԣҫһɱνɱʱһʱɱǿ޵ɾ
ϣϾͲռţҪȻǰҫ˵Ķ֣һѣ˲أҲ̶á
񾳱ˣʮˣ˵ľͲ˵ˣһ鵹ûˣ˵Ҳв٣ʥ͸˵ˣһӾʮ֮һսſʼʱ䣬ɱּһԱء
̶ֳȵشҲɱּŴûгֹģο֣Ҳֻ˵ߵˣȻ֮Իһ浹ɱ¾⻹ҪƮƮͨ籨š
ʱУʮ׿ɽ֮ϣƮƮפ˫ʽֻɫˣ˫ѪֱעУϵɱ¾һ˵ɱűļ
ƮƮҫͨ籨ŵİɣһͷҲصʵ
ƮƮһ㶣漴εҡҡͷϸʹҲͨ籨ţ԰ҫʵҲܽǳɱֻʧĴСѣһġ
԰ҫģ֪֪ôѾٲĵزǵ³ǻ൱ңĻص˫ĿֱµУ쳣ı䡣
ôңҲܻһʱ䣬ҪǱҫǵĿģܻã֪ģҫһĴҪҸ˸ףһ·»ûɱּ֣ǾѾˣôҲû취еİ취ƮƮҡͷ̾һڻص
Ǻǣһллˣ
͵һŭȣǹŨҵɱ뺧˵ŵƮƮʧɫæ˺屳Ӱ񣬳ίɽּææǰȥ·ס̫˽ˣҲ֪˽ʲô
壬㣬Ҫ˻ˮòãھߣԶݣһȹµʱѵôҴûʲôһΣ߰ɣôƮƮææ˵ţһǻǰ壬ȡ
ۼӵƮƮĿ˵֪ôԴϰҾһֱ츳ˣǿĵطֻѣÿһεɾ֮һ֤ҲΪȥֱ˸ɴ࣡ԣÿ
廰һ䣬͵ıһɼǿƮƮɨһԣ˷һֱڵֱĳҹա
ҹ֮ϣҫȫ汬һѧʩչͫѪԪȫ濪Ԫһͨÿһж춯ܣԵĿǵ񽭺ǿɱ֮Ȼҵģο˵ȫ
ҫȫϷǷ˿ǿ಻ˣҫĹ̫ˣÿһеľɽأ𾢿񱩺ˣ缲磬ϰȱʩչ쾡£ƱĪ⣬һǵ·磬ռкܴƣϷǷԽԽľ֮⡣
أ
ҫϷǷһƺϷǷѪӿ˳ʮ׿⣬ϷǷ֮ͻȻ׹£ҫıƿ磬ǰɫӫ⼫ĿҫֳۣһߡӫĵһҪûɱҫһֲ
ҫһǰŤת˫˦ߣȿ磬ף̶ȿ˫֣ÿһŶ׼ȷеһĵ֮£ڰҫǿȾ£ȻÿһŶеݹȥľûϵһ󣬰ҫôɵȥ˶Էĵơ
ȡ߳ư
ϴľʹһһ죬еİӫûѷɳ֣һ¶Ȼ֮ɫһ˦ϵİӫ֣սһҫ䡣
ͻһҫǳһɱ֮Ȼ˵ֿ֮죬쳣һǿ磬ҪֻܻȥӲˡ
һ˸ʵʵһһϲɽɫ˲ü侪֣ԼǿôǻҰɣҲԣԼʹǻҲܵˣڰҫϵһȻҫһƤⶼûпƣȫϡ
ôˣôǸҵʹκ˵ҵġ
ҫЦп֮ɫĵһ֮ʣ̧һǻƶݺݵĺڵһı֮ϣ档
ŵһֱ£ҫ΢΢һЦڵ֣һﵶ֮һľڵΪӦøˣ͸ȥˡ
ٺ٣лʹ̧ͷһЦ˵ֱµĵһһһһ߶೤ĺ䵶Уһ𣬷ɳһ
ʱĵһҫĻ֮ǰĲУˣһֿ˺üѪаӫݺһӣһɫâֱɳĸС
м״ŲæһתҶأƮݣɵĶ˵һǵâͬʱ͵ļӿ˼֣ɫĵâ齻֯һ𣬴ӶΧڰеĵһ
䵶Ʈ㣡
νмһֱ֪ûУԭ֮ĵĵһ¶һֳԾɫаӫ˲һȦȦ֣һʱصĵˮ©еĺ䵶âͳͳ֮⣬û˵һǰ㡣
ܺãĵʸһϳ̣âɢ֮󣬵һŸ˵
ĵͲôˣһ߾治һЦ
СվʶʶʲôеһȻŭ¶֮ɫɱ糱ˮӿֻһͳУҲЦһֱȥ
Ӱ˲䵶ڴʱ֮һ˸漴ӰϳС׹£Ѫ磬ϳһĿĵĳӡ
ѾͷİַˣҫĻٴŵһİ󣬲󳾵ǲҶˣ۷ɻ硣
һ㶣漴ϲüңδӶǵص磬ߣһŭͬ԰ػ˫Ĳֺ
ʱ֮ϣڰҫչŵľֻʣϷǷһˣֻҲǿ֮ĩŲ˶ãҫЦеĿϷǷڵǰûҪôִŰɣֻҪϹ齵ңɱּš䡯쵼֪ǰΣ
ҪǲأϷǷһݺݵĵŰҫڵ
ֻҫЦޱȣһɺ˵ɱ⳹ױϷǷԾĶ˸飬ʼ
~~ҫ
ͻȻһŭӰҫͬʱһ׹һӰҫıţҫ㲻ͷûأӲĿס׹
ҫ̾˿˫Ŀ͵һɣȵ壬ֹûУ
֮ʣһ𣬾ȫ汬˵Ļ˷񱬷֮ǿ˻ȥ
֮ʣһѪʮɹµһУҫͷû˵г˾⣬ķŭһҲڰҫ򣬰ҫܱǿôࡣ
ʱҫعΣĿ壬˵ҿԵһûзƮƮжԶ߶ԶԶҪҿ
ǺǣҫҲ㣬Զᣬа


ʮ аȤСһ
ʱҫǰֻֿ˫չͷ죬ЦЦ͸һԵа֮оתǱŰѪĹâ
Ǿаðҫ˲һַǳõԤУ·ڲֹĻзǳֲ鷢
ͻȻĺûã֮͵īĹͣĻϵѨͬʱֺɫŨƮɢע۶ڱǣ˿ʼͣĳ鴤
ҫüͷһ壬˫۽ָڿֱָָĴѹһֱָ߿Źָ⣬һӣƿն壬߽뷢â޼᲻ݣٶȿʯ
ҵľ񽣣ȴɱǺɫݺݵҫ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ծ񽣵ķ񣬾ȻҲƲЩȥϸĺɫ⵹û󵽵ġ
ȤаôҫǸ߸ƺ֪ôˣаλΰġа񡯳޼ͨ󷨵ʽˡ
СһǱڶμ˰ɣˣüͳɳƣûֻѣƣױȵƣһ޵Уȸߵơ
а£ȷǵڶΣһμǰ磬Ǵμ棬ʵҫһ΢Цص
ǺǣǰѾĹ⾰ѽǵõСһﻹֻʥΪȻѾ˳ڵΪ˴˵ǲɶõأռĳ޼¶һɭЦݣڵ
ҪлаµĿˣҪ˵ҿ㲻ϣҲֻ˳ƶΪˣаĺͼΰҵС׼أҫ΢Цص
Ǿñ˳ƶΪջֹɣ޼һ䣬˫ཻʳָβָĴָָӴֱָţӡһɣ֮͵һֱһɶĿףĺ֮ϡ
ֲ֮ˣԱҪ˵ǰľܣë㲻ϡ
񷱦幦Ĵ
񷱦ӹŵϣ˷ˣϣӦҲܷӳɣʦ֣ǲأ޼ռȵͣ䳰ȷ˵ĻȫͰҫԴǣ屾൱Ĳм
ҫÿɷһЦۼ޼һ𣬳׵ĳףһ产ˣȥǿ˰ٱֹƽǾ˵
ʱҫҲͬʾȫ汬ǹ쳣񱩵Ļ𾢣·Ҫҹɰ磬ˣϷǷòԶԶ˿¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ԫһͨ񹦶幦
ҫĹԼ˿ȳ޼ѷɫ˵Ĺ޼ʤҪȡ˫ʽϵǿˣҪʽϷʤĻôҫ൱ŵģ춯أгû
ǣҫһֻ磬ת˲ѵ޼ǰ˳תԲһ߳һֻȷ磬ȴâ˫£ݺݵ޼顣
ǧһ֮ʣ޼ֱ̧ӲһУоֱϴľԼǹĳ׵޼ûгԾЦĸˣֱֻһ˦ҫһ˦˳ƺһƣֱҫš
˵ʱʱ죬ҫŤܿһ֮˫ȷ̤ʱӰÿһȶһɼ͵Ҿ֮˷·ǧһѹ޼ͷ·ҪĲȳࡣ
ȡǧ£
ʧѾðȣģģȺҲŶ
޼Ǹ߸߹˫һͬһǧ£ҫչҵĶԺ䣬ʱ׹𾢷ƣ˫Ӱ֯һѤĻ棬һɢ˫ÿһŵĶԺ䶼ܲСơ
ʱϵսѾսȻǲҪ˵ˣɱ˾֮ʣµİٶͶ߸ʣµһԲѣһͶɱּŴˣ˵ȫûһûܵ
ںһ֮ĺ˵ע⣬˲£ȺΧ˵¡һ뺫Ҳ˿ûз֮ʮΧǵҲҪзС
ϷǷǸɴĺܣ˶£ͶӣҲûãνӵ˺Ӳӻغ¥ҫԼİ˲칬ܷŹˣ
ܣܸоİ˲칬дɷ籩ϯ԰ҫӵеʵôССĺ¥ǲƵġ
Թ񽭺еɱּź¥ҶѪڲȫɱ֣ѾȫûҪȴľǣҫ޼ֳʤ
أ
֮ϣһĺɢиϯ潻˴ҹգ̧ͷҹ֮ʱǵĿȻܿҹ֮ϵս˫һȷӲƴ֮͵ĶԺһƸԷֿ
ҫһ٣ɷɳһƺһ㣬漴񱬷һҫצĺ޼ȥһƵ֮ǿίʵ
ơɽ
ҫ׷ʹ򣬳޼ҲãͬһƺҫӲƴһǣɢ֮࣬޼ҽ糤һ˦ȷһҵĺХݺݵҫĲ⿴һŵƣҪˣҫʹҲҪزС
ȡһǿݣ
һļѸͣڰҫķӦҲۼ޼һźɨԼĲ͵һǿĻһȦȦΧתͭǽоյķס޼һȡ
ơͰ
Լһ޹޼Ǹ߸ȻջأָֽĴҫķţָƥָâһǰ׾ٵĴ͸˰ҫķţӰҫļϲһѪۡ
ָ̫Ԩ
ͻһУ˰ҫһһָκӵùûô󣬿ڳ޼Уɵǿ˰ٱֹ֪֮Ĳж
˵ʱʱ죬ҫȻأϾˣҲ˵ûŲƣ򣬽Ѫֹǣҫ̱УĴֶָ̧׼޼ĶͷһĽâ
â޼᲻ݣٶȸǿ缲磬ôľ£޼Ҳֻ˦ͷǿܹϻǱƳһѪۡ
ڳ޼˦ͷһ̣ҫһһŻ˲۳ͣһӣҫջݺݵĺ޼ţ޼ҲһĻһȥҫһл֣ȴûɢ׷޼Ž
С
ۼӲС޼˫ֽӡһٴαǣִ֮ȻӲץסС漴ԣС˲˰ҫĿƣһԵɽڣǴɽըһֱʮ׿Ŀݡ
ӡɽ
ڳ޼Сжߵһ˲䣬ǰİҫȻʧˣҫĻȴа£֮ǰноСһоͽ̣
һ䣬޼͵һͷһֻ̣һűСʮĳ򣬴Ӱҫкݺݵĺ֮ϣ˵𾢽ɣǿľ޼ɻص档

ʱϵֻһӰ׹䣬У֮ϣȻһ֮󣬻ӰУըһֱʮ׵ӣӵǳ޼
ɴʱĳ޼ǳ޼ôˣڰҫĴ֮ʱѾԽԪر壬廹壬Ҳ˵ҫһȥܵġ
Źɽǧ֮⣬޼˫ĿЦȤСһȻܻʵµı˼


ʮ ٽϳ̣뿪
ҫص棬üͷ˿壬ܸоԼոһǴڳ޼ϡ
Ϊڴеܵһ˲䣬ĻŴȵļҴҲܿһɾֵζҲ˵޼һ˲䣬Ԫλ壬ú
ʱΧһվӵıԵŵײ壬ͻȻһĽֱҫĺԣٶȸǿզֺ࣬ǷҪҫزɡ
ɱİҫԶţҪɱ㣡ƮƮʱ֮ɫ̬ޱȣ͸¶һɺ˵ɱ⣬еѩ׳ҫĺԣԲһҵľ롣
ǧһʱ̣ҫ΢΢̾ϢһŲɣ׾ٵıܿƮƮһڽļϷһ˲䣬ҫ̧ʳָһǿľƮƮղס彣һۣ彣ԱҫɳԶ
ƮƮһһľʹ֪ԲٳУָֻֽ̧ݺݵĴҫͷ­
һָ͸˰ҫͷ­ƮƮϲΪеĽֻǰҫĲӰˣҫ˳ƻ̧һƺƮƮļ֮Ͻ˳ȥ
ƮƮס֮󣬻չƣû뵽Ÿոһ˱ԹеԼͬӽ˿ʹ̣ѪҲȻ˲Сˡ
Χ˿ҲûгֵĴ㣬Ϊ֪ƮƮҫĲж󣬶֮ʵԱȷ·֮Ĳ࣬˵ƾУҪ˵ƮƮ˵ҫѾ漣ˣҪɱ˰ҫһЦ
ʵҲȷУжѣҫƮƮز˲壬⻹ֻǰҫɹѣҪǿԷҫȫܹɵһб
Ҳ֪ڷʲô裡ҫޱĿƮƮڵ
ƮƮ̧ͷĿ¶׹ĿŰҫҧ˵㻹ǵӦҵ飬㻹ǵ޳Сˣ˵һһףҾȻĻϹҵĹۣҫҸ㣬ƮƮ㲻ݣ
ƮƮ֮ʣ͸еǰһһĴָѾĶͷ֮ϣƤ࣬ƮƮ̧ͷҫʱĪһɾҵĿ־֮⡣
ҫˣɱƮƮëֱʱİҫŭˣѾܲƮƮַ·øо˵ʵڵҪǿɽŮҫͽɱˣҲʡȥ鷳
Ҳ֪ڷʲô裬ҪҲݣɱҪֻҪһܱ㡣УҵȻǵҵԣ˵һ·Ҿ;Բʳԣ˵ҷ޳ô㣬ôҫעƮƮ˵
ҫôһ˵ƮƮ΢΢һ㶣û֮ǰԼ̫żˣ˰ҫôصһŭһӾվǣûüȥ鿴ȥҰҫƴˣڸǱҫҭ˵
ƮƮƮңȥʱж϶Ĵ˵Ŀɲһء
ƮƮæӶ棬ҫҲջ֣ƮƮȥûһᣬƮƮص˵ǰеĺԹӵŨˡ
ʱ壬ͷɢɫҰ׺Ѫɫ³һ齹֮ɫҪǱжǱɾ˿޹ʱжʲôɢﱻƵı֣屻Ϲˡ
СʦܣӮˣҶ֮£˴ƲңҲа忴ҫ漴ҡҡͷ̾
ҫüڵ˼˵Ϊʵнʱյʵȫ¡
ѵôݺݵĻص˫Ŀŷ׹⣬Ǹҧгݵģ޲ҧ°ҫһ⣬Ѿеʧȥǡ
ģҫûٶܵ˶ЦˣǵЦе㲻֪룬ҫĿһۣ漴תͷڵ˵ܣǵõҾô
һ㶣漴΢΢һЦڻصǵã
ҫ˵ͷ˵˵˵ʱ
һҲֱӻص
ҫٴεͷ漴ֿԼֵܣǶܹҫĶݣЩǾ֮˵ĻشǾһûҫǴôľһ߹ģҪ˵ߵ졣
Ҳһ㣬òϣҫ֮ԻнյĳɾͣԼԸѲ˸ϵĳɹȴĳɹĶǳЦΪҫн쿿Ľֻѡ
壬Ҳı뷨ȻΪǿߵ죬Ǿˣǣһ£ǰʱûǸʵȥסôҫ壬˵
ҫĻأȴ·һشݺݵûķ֮ϣеǰδе𾪣оԼôһ˰ҫԭԼһֱֿЦ뷨ȥ
Ǻǣ˵ĶԣԭҵԼֻ֪һֻӰ֮£ⱲҿӮˣôҫ±ӣٱȹɣ
˵꣬ϲ֪ʲôʱһżʯ͵ĳԼķȥһ³˵ԤϣֻĿŽʯԼ֮ϡ
һ̣ƮƮɵˣвðѪĭе㲻֪룬һ߿޺Űҫ˹æһؿڣҰеѪ
˼һĻҲĲ̣һ֮ͬ⣬Ƕ֪ķѾˣͻˣԼǰʩȣҲֻӲдˣȻҪ
ԣԲ֮ǰ㣬˵㣬ԺҲڣߣҪչ˺ԼǣȻᣬԿģУҪΪұʵͦõģҲãٻӰ֮ˣҽˣͦõġ
ѵ˵ŻƮƮ׵ĺҲǳһ˿ҫ
ҫ̾һҴӦ㣬ֻҪƮƮҵĵߣʲôĹҶԭʦ֣ߺãһϳ̡
ڵõҫ϶Ĵ𸴣Լ˫ֿ֮΢΢һЦ˵ͷ漴ı˫ۣǰɴǷЦݣֳֻʣƮƮĿԼ΢Цӡ
¸һ䣬ƮƮʬ岻֪٣ҫ˳ձ཭ǿɱּţΰҫҲ˺ģɱӺǲԸͶɱ֣ͳͳɱһҫߵ˶û顣
ΪҲ֪һֳһѪȵأ֪ʲôʱʴȣʲôʱúɱ֡
ɱʮɱ֮ʣֻܹ齵ڰҫϾȻӲͷܶ࣬ȴ˶ǣв£˶ôйġ
ϷǷˣҫûдǣֻǵĻ򣬺óԺúȵĹţǱɽ֮Уڽ³һȥˣ齵ľɱȫŽҫ齨ɱ֯䡯
֮󣬰ҫʼչأչ֮ǰһЩˣ˵˲칬ϢΪֹչؿʼһֱ֮ʱʱʼƻԺʡΪ㣬ʼսķ
Ǻڽ˲칬һղɽ¶ˮԸչսķµʱ䣬շܱʡĵ̡
ʡ֮еŷ翹ĽֻǱȻʼȰ߰˲칬ҲûӲһ·Ͷϵģ˲칬Ȼ
ΪĴ磬ȱɱ¾Щʱһζɱ¾ֻʵ䷴˲칬Ϊܳгǵ֮٣˲칬սͬҲ˴۽硣
ֱҫչغĵ£˲칬Ķ⹥ƿʼֹͣΪҫ˳صļ


ʮ 뻯ƣ
Źɽɽأ̨
յľ̨Ǹ֣١ָСҶġ°վʯ̨֮ϣС硢ܲѡ֡˾պ㡢Ρڿ껰ˮ֮ϡ
ֵܡκơϹࡢҶƯڹеİ֮УǰĶʮǰ˲칬ĸ߲㡣
ʱգڳĶʮԶǳ֮껵ƼЧ֮£˾պ㡢Ρڿ껡ҶĵҲͻơ
ӳһĽǶ˵°˲칬ԿԳƵͷϴ󼶱𣬶ʮ񾳵ֱʣԺܸε˵һ䣬һУ˰˲칬֮ûκһõó֡
ؿǰ̨֮ϣ˵ȫھ̨Сٲ֮Уٲĺһ˹ʯʯڲ俪ǰҫרıչ֮ء
˼аʱͻȻٲʼһַǳı仯µˮʼûÿһˮ鿪ʼƵʵ𶯣ȴûɢٲһַǳľ
һռڱĳֲ֪ţֻֿƵַǳĴֲڣΪٲҲ䣬ûг׵Ķס
ãǵڼοռˣʯ̨֮ϣͷҲصʵ
ԴŰۣڻصӦǵ˰ɣΣһѣϴ˵ҫǲڳ뻯֮
Բɫĵ˵ͷڻصţпռ𶯵ļ˵ĵܵȷڳ뻯ֻ֮ǣĵڵΪӦûɹġ
ΪʲôԵ˼תͷͬʱǳĬͬһʱʳ֡
ٻˣһЦΪ뻯ôͻƵģû򵽿ռ䱾ԴҲ޽ӽ뻯֮ѡ
⵱еĲܴôһԵҶʼ磬ܲΪȻĿڵ
ȻܣЩҩα񾳣ܹ㹹ʲôвôһתͷҶġ
Ҷһü⣬ǲôʵؼȻôܻṹвαֻѣģһٸҶɱһġ
ûʵ޽ӽ뻯֮͸α񾳸ڳ֮ĲһҲܻҪҲ˹ռֻ֮뻯֮֮뻯ܽŪڹ֮䣡ж޽ӽ뻯֮ľŶصĳν뻯
ٻһ䣬˻Ȼ򣬶ڴʱǰǴٲ𶯣ٻٶֱ׹£ٲȻֿ¶˺ĶѨֻҫ̤߳ն׹Ǹͷ˼ģƺʲô⡣
໥һۣΪҫΪͻ뻯ʧܶеƣ׷ǰοһҫߣҫ磬ûµģͻƲɹ´Ƕǰеʱأ
ҫһ㶣漴ֿ֮Цһ˵ͷȻ˴кҲǰοͣȰҫҪ̫һһӡûһͻƣҫҲһһл
ҫĳ뻯ʧôʵûУѾ˿ռ䱾ԴĴڣֻǣǳǿ֣ģ塣
ҫȫԽһͻƵ뻯֮ϷˣΪףԼܲջͻȥôֹ뻯֮ɲ뿴ģҫҰĿɲֹǽ뻯֮ѣĿǽƷɰ
ȻԼ뷨ûиߵֵԼˣҲǿ˵ɲ˵˶һǣңԼȥеһУǰҫԸˡ
ؿǰҫԼֻ뻯żȻͻʧܵ뻯Ҳֻһ֮ңˡҫľΪѵ۷ֵ֮һΣȴֱǶǿһֹ
ҫںϣͫѪԪ󷨵ĿҪͨĳ۷ǿֹټѾԳÿռ֮ǰ뻯ĳ̶ȣ˵뻯֮£޵аĴڡ
һ֮˷ֱ֮󣬰ҫʼ˻㱨￪ĳɹ
ڵ֪ԼΧѸǵĸʡʱ򣬰ҫûбֳ̫ϲ֮ɫֻǵȻһЦͷ˳˼ҲӵŰҫڡ
һᣬҫ̧ͷˣ΢ЦǲɻΪʲôαֵôǿƣô
Խǵͷͣûΰҫֵĵȷǳǿƣʵûдҫչ֮ǰǱ˼˲ȥΧ⵹֮ǰǷݻе롣
ۼ˵ͷͣҫҲһЦ˳ڵͳϷаͥ񡣡
һһ㶣ֵǿʼ˳˼ȿڵҫ磬²а˵ĺô
ҫһЦ漴ˣķа¼ǶǲУǵӣ뷨ӦҲ࣬˵ɫҲٵҲ࣬ϾǶ֪а˵ƵȷǺƴ쳣ǣȴ̫á
ҫѲһ˵ı飬΢ЦǵǻΪаһ³ôôһ䣬ǵʵҪ뷴аȣأ
һû˿ڻش֮ʣһԵЦ⻹˵ôҰ˲칬ʵʹʮа˼һûȵġ
ҫ΢ЦͷڵȻˣǻʲôµأʵˣˣˣҲڻۣڿʼһͳϷָʱأ
ĸаһͳϷӦòܰɣ°üʵô˵Ҳһĵͷ
ºóʦ֮ǰѾŻˣаӦûοⷽйƵģ뻯֮ܲ뻯֣ƾ񾳵ĻǵʵҲѷɫаأοսսĵӦñİɣҫˬЦ
Ļٴεõ˵Ͽɣ΢Цͷʱյİ˲칬뻯뻯ϵĸ֣Ѿ߱㹻ʵаˡ
üʵƣĵܣʲôԼ뻯Ĵô
ҫԵ˵ͷɫʵҲ֮ǰռ䱾ԴʱֵģƵȷǴڵģԺǿҵ뻯ҲҪʱҪǲ֮ķֹĨɱ
ˣаǧ£Լǵĸ˹ǵʱ뻯ȷѽüͷڵ
Ҿû᲻Ŀܣĳλǿߣͨ쳹صֱ˹ơ˫Ŀת˵
ҫ˵ͷڵӦûԣҲǴ˵еĻ֮ˡֻӦĪľԣĻа뻯޼ɵĺֱײˣаϵĸֻԳΪҾӦòܾʩչİɣ
ţҲôãôΪģֹӦֲܶ뻯µ֣߳뻯뻯֮ӦûƵģĻ뻯ܴ֮ⷽôͲܵģԣʵӦø۵ĲŶԣָ΢Ц˵˲顣
ҫЦеĵͷ漴ſڣһߣһ˵ѾͷķеҪȫ׼УаսʱֻҪ뻯ĳ֣Ͼˣ֮ͳһϷ̲ݻа룬γɷΧʱԮǣƾ൱ˡ
ҫߵ¶̨ʱеԵѤºͣҲÿ˶һ˷ܶŵ΢ЦΪҫĶܴ󣬷ǳĴ󣬴ʷ
ҫ˸ŤŤӣתͷ˲ЦôͿܰķ˰ɣ
һ䣬ҫֱķ˳ȥԽһЦһŰҫһͬɶȥҪȥˡ


ʮ 죡򲻿ƣ
δ֪ʡδ֪ռ䣬Ŀռǳܻڰű߼ʣ·ǿռѾѾŤĳּޣ˳ӾϵĴԵüΪҲ
ʱδ֪ռĴΧһȦÿ˵˫ֶŲͬӡ˫֮ϻŲͬɫʵĹĻ
ͬھ˵棬ΧһȦֽӡǰƯȻͬıɢһʵӫ⡣
棬˷ΪķĵϥǵͷϣһһһһľСķʵ÷ݿ̫ܲȷУóҪȷһ㡣
˵Ҳڶ˵ĵ㣬һһϯīĺɫۣǺЦ˫ĿϥΧһɹɷ·һĺɫ
һͷٲĺڷ΢΢ƮƤѩϸŮ˶Ҫϲ٣˫Ŀıò֮һͿʲһַǳصĸоһУľ˱ݽȥаһ֮а޼
ͻȻ޼˫Ŀ͵һһ˫·ǳͫʱޱȣֻЦݼλһʱˣʼɡ
а֮
ʮȵͬʱʼӡӡһ֮Χľ˸ԱһˮͰĹԵͬϣβ֮£γһּΪĿĻιͬʱιıԵһ㱡߲ʹĻֱĳϷĻ֮
Ļ֮Ҳͬʱӡ˫ֱִʳָĴֱֳָɡӡһӺݺݵغǰı֮ϣжһ߱Ӧ黯Ϊߵ⣬ŹĻķ򼱳ȥ
ֵͷһһһһչжˣ˲ûʮǰӡ˫ַ˫ϥ֮ϣϸдʡ
ǲ֮ʱͷϵĳȻʼķֽ⣬Ϊһ貵ɫ⣬ͷϷŶȥ
޼λתֻ˫ſԴ΢΢̧˿ȥ쳣ɣ˫ſ֮ʱĲϵͷų߰ḷܷ́
ҴܣʼͣںϽʮһԼΧĹĻϣйĻȾɺɫ֮ʱ޼ǳԵɤڤڷħ󣡡
ڤڷħ
޼䣬µĶʮ˵Ҳ𣬾ڴʱ޼˫ֺʮĦһַת˫һ˵·ͻȻһ޴ͼͼ֮Ϲͼơ
ʱ޼һᣬͼŹĻֱϣ֪˶ߣͼʼٵķŴ󣬼ֻգ֮ԽͷϵĻճ֡
޼ͷ죬ĵ˵ͷ漴̧һǻŤĿռʱʧ٣ǸƴޱߵͼҲһͬʧĵطʲôĵطһһ޼ʵĲԭ
޼ص濴һǰĶʮˣ˰ֵЦûǵˣȥɣ
ʩһ漴ֱգۼʧӰ٣˸ոշûã޼ĲԶһռɢֱ߳޼״ϥ¹򹧹˵£μа££һ԰žֻȵ١
޼΢Цͷ漴ָ̧εգڵţɣ𣬿ûУڿʼڲˣܹȼˡ
£Щ²֪ûɹԭأʵ
޼һͷ̧̧һ͵𣬵ЦǺǣ˵ʲôֱ˵ǣûʲôġ
һƺǹĪ˵ΪȫûбҪôĴۣ´߱ıװԼаʵȻܹһ̨ס
޼Իͷһ۾֮͸¶һʧζ֮ҡҡͷ̾һڵ𰡣˵㣬¶ҪĿԶһЩҪ죬ƷɹˣҿɵвġԣֻҪסƷɣκδ۶ֵõġ
޼ô˵΢΢üڵΪʲô²ԴⷽصĹأһа뻯㲻ܵʱҪ̫ʱ䣬аһͳݰ˷֮أƷɼʹǿܸضɡ
ھ֮ʣ޼͵ת˫絶˫ĿֱĿžŵúͨһֹֻûϴֻǵͷ­ҿ޼
޼ͷž̾ϢһڵЩ㲻ףҲ㣬Ҫ֪һ飬ⷽأԭеأνĹƣƷִġ
ʲôⲻܣ
ȻʧɫäĲ˼飬˫۵ɵûɳۿʲôˣƷɵľѾԽһУ֮ϣ˶֡
޼΢΢ҡͷתߣ˵ûʲôǲܵģƷɾһ漣һвܵ˿ܣѾԽݳһУҪлǣңԳΪеһˡ
Ѿ˵ˣ̫Ѩϵ亹Ļ䣬һֱΪƷɵľΪ޼൱Ǵ˵еĻ֮û뵽ľѾ㹻ǲʲôƷɵΪѾ֮ˡ
Ŀǳ㻵˵´£𷣣˵ոճ޼ǷѾ亹
޼˰֣΢Цˣⲻ㣬ɣǰ£պպзһ̰ɡ

պ󣬾Źɽ˲칬أ̨
ǸоΣҫ΢ЦĿˣǰˣʱǸ¶ϲ֮ɫ
˸Űҫһͬʵķɿ죬ǰҫÿռ֮ǵľȫͻͽݡ
нĻ°Ѵ֮Ҳﵽ˳ڣٽڵĵزʵһֹ
ĸ磬û뵽ռ֮ôãԺҾ͸ĸˣٺ٣ŰҫЦ˵
ҫ΢΢ҡͷڵʵԼףϾÿߵѧ֮ͬҿ԰ǽʵԼĺá
ĵ˵Ķԣÿ˶Լóһ棬ʺԼĲõģĵҲԼ·ǲ̫ġٵ˵ͷ͵
ûϴ˵ǰ㣬Ӧá
ʱûȰҫѻ˵֮꣬ͻȻһ̶ĺХͬʱ̧ͷ죬֮Ϸǳͻأĳһڵ㣬֮ڵŴһڼ׹䡣
磡ҫ˫ĿһգգĽԽԽĳ꣬ڵ
Ұɣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲƣһһƬĲӰֱʣһӣٴγǰͬʱ꣬Ṧ֮죬ʵš
ʱһԵ΢΢üڵһжˣУ磬ҲжŶ
ʲôʱ򣿡ҶȻĴסˣû뵽ԼȻôĪжˣ֮һмемң˵жˣ;Բ
˵ܣܽôҫڵ
İĸ磬ûϵܽⲻ˵Ķһ΢Ц
ߵҶ̧֮׼Ҷĵţһƶ̱У֮ţҲĶҲУֻһţеĶ븹нĶӣһܵģ
ģ˽Ƿ˷ۣһܲģҲεͷڰҫǽĶ꣬üͷô
ҶĲѾԵ꣬ŵҶ


ڶʮ ֣֮ˣ
ҫĻ˵ĲĿָָָѾԵĳ꣬ڵĵܣʶ
ҫ΢ЦҡͷڻصȻʶŵľ콾Ҷ
Խһ˻᲻ʶҶֿ׹»ؿһǿֻΨһû֮һ
ͬʱҲʮ󳬼֮һһ١١Ƹࡢʵĳʮ󳬼Уŵľٵһձ龳粻ᳬ񾳣ΪߵҲֻ𾪺ˣС֮ͨߡ
Ȼ٣ձ龳ҲߣȴûһȥǣΪӵкĻؿ
׾ƷﶯǳǧŶܰѵŵԳ֣޾õ
ǲǣ𾪺ӵеΪĻʮ޼ӡԼ칬
ӣڲԳһ磬ڣ𾪺ˣʹӵ֮ҲûⷽӾ𾪺е磬
ʮ޼Ի乥Χ֮Եɵ˵ʮ޼һԲʮڵһжᱻΪƽأݲ֮ˣ뻯ҲҪɳ
칬һ彨ͻ֮ǿС֮Ʋ֮ˣڲذʮƷοܳǿߵجΡ
ңǣ칬ڲ켸һʡСʣԼ̬ʩ㹻ʮǵϰϣӼֵ˵칬ǵ֮ĵһ
ԹҫҲ֮Եе֮ƺʲô̫õڷо̫õ飬Ӧøйأайء
ȴȥˣ˵ɣҫ̾һڵ
ƺҲоʲôĬĵ˵ͷҶĲҶͬʱŰ˲칬ȥ
һʱ󣬰˲칬һͷ֮УҫջعҶƽڴ֮ϣ漴ߵС֮УٵŰҫ
ҫһۣ֮󵭵˵ֻжѣҲأ߳ϣǱұסˣһдˡ
еĶŵġʱ廰˵ͬʱҶһʵ˵ܣֱܷĳ˭µģҪôֱ氡
ۼҶǰͬһɻ΢΢һЦڵϸǣǵһΪνĶӦûֻ֣֮ǿ֮ɣ
ԽǵͷֹЦҡͷӽ͵ѹֻ뷨ʵأ֮һкֵܴģжǶ緱ǣĳЩͬĶ붾ﻥ֮£ͬЧ
ٶȴֲԣһһǱڳж߲ײʱ巢·ѩѱ֮У絶ĥ֮ʹĶԵźǿĸʴԼԣ˵Ǹٹ̼
ңʱ֮Уʹޱȣ·ڻϱţȻǱڲҲȽԾ˱Ҫأ֮жߵľܵһ̶ȵˣպҲһ
Խǵһ컹ǳ֪ʶˣû뵽ⶾ֮һڣʵǴ۽硣
Ҳɤӣ˵ڹŵʱҲŵö߹УŵĶһ·֮ǰҶڵĶʱָŵһģһȻõĶ
εĶͣȻùʲôַģȾԷǳǿֻҪӴ˾ͻᱻȾʱ򣬶ػΪý飬һʮʮ٣ò˶ÿ˲칬ִ˶
˵֮Ѿǵһôˣ˶ǰһ亹գĺգöʦڣĻԼЩˣ˲칬ҪУڰ
ҫµļ򣬿ЦСܣһûմ㣬ˡ
εͷ˼ɵЦţҶǷǳŵߣ§ĲЦ˵ܣͣǷһΣԺʲô¾͸˵綼ƽˣ
ҶǸֺõģһԵƳƳ죬ڿһһǰģİ˵ܱ죬Ժʲô鷳߸ˣҲѡ
ߣҴǲװĵܵǰңҿǻˣҶһ죬ָƿڴ
վԴͷһмı飬ڵʹ㰡ڰ˵ǰúó󡣡
ȥģҶһһקȥҲʾҶͣץȥ
˶ûϹ·Ʀһ㣬ڵϹȥ˴һģҪѿжѿΧ˶һܲǵı飬ʵڿȥˣһ˸һȭͷǶ˰
ҫŶǸ۵Сۣƽģεķ˷ҫ֣ڵˣˣһ㡣Ҷ˳ŵĶôǸйˣҲаĸⱳʼٸӦþаˡֻǣû϶⵽˽˶Թų£ô
ҾãųµļӦò󣬱ϾǺĻؿټ产˵ܣаҲҪɵ֣ο𾪺ϻӵл֮ܵʹаҲҪöȥҾӦ˽˶Թɣָпˣڵ
ҲôΪòϣаʵֻøĪݣҪ˵ʮ󳬼У˭ӲţôҲֻаˣϾڸֵʵ̫ˣֹһǲа񣬴˵ľΪѾﵽ֮Ҫ˵󹥴ţҲûпܵġ°ҡҡͷ
΢΢ͷо˵ĶԣʱҲԼڵҾǲҪһ㣬Ҷǰ˲칬̳׹ģǾ˶ˣպ֧ͷϵļж󣿡
һﾪˣٵĻéٿû˽˶ԹĻô֮ӲǷɵ˲칬̳֮ϲ׹䣬ּʼ޽ӽ㡣
Ҳ˵Ҷǰɽˮǿʹһ·ɹֱŹɽ֮󣬲һ֧׹˵ǰôų¼߳ϡ
ʣΪҰҫǵġչ֮ʣһĻԷڴֻҶ߶µ˵
΢΢һ㶣߽ԷڣҫüŻµصҶǰסڵ˵ĺأٻΪʲôڴ˵ɣ
ҶмĿ˰ҫһۣ˵ͷ˵ҫųˣҲǲѲԮģ֮ǰаĴѾɽˣҲֻİ˲칬ܱסǵһ˿ˣҿ֣ܳΪ֮У
Խһҫȴֵĺ䵭ľޱɫһʱҲ֪˵ʲôҫǰ˲칬֮ôȨ˵۰ҫʲôľǶӡ
Ҷ￴ŰҫǸģҲûشԼ̾һҫĻҲ֮飬ȻǶ˻Ƕǽڽ׵Ļϣһһ˭ҲǷ˭ģҪ˵˽˸飬ûж١
ҶĻ䣬Ҫȥ֮ʱҫȴˣţˣֵ׼һ£һʱǶȥţ


ڶʮһ ƾʶʱ
ţ̳λɽɽ֮ϣݰ˷֮زκεĸԼؾݵ㣬Ǿֻôһ̳ɴ˿ɼŵжϸС
ôϸСڽеĵλ˸ǣһŻ⣬ֺܻ⣬ŻҪ⣬ǳۻؿܣԼΪⲿϵ׬˸貧
˾ƷؿÿһƷż产˵ܣ֮̾Ϊֹ֮ǿţҲͬǾ˵ĺܣε˽Ʒؿнʮ֮Ļؿܴһս㹻Ѱŷ衣
ſ˵ҪԴԴҪڸȻ࣬һ춯صģǫ˵Ҫۻؿһ̳ǵ֮ĵµһ
ЩԴĻؿܣȻȡóŵַԼƹǷƷĻؿܣõҲᱻ˷
Ȼͷڽеĵλ˵˾κκŵĵ˶֣Ϊϱ
ҲȻ٣ĵȴѱĿ֮ߵĶڳһ߸ϵļƣӣҶѾһˡ
аٳ£ЩƽﲻһŵǣʼȻƽҲûٽӴսֹģսɰǸŵĲᣬϾƽһǣļ̣ûѾʼ
Ȼĵ˺£ĳִǿǸʮ㣬аĴ˲м֮ɫЩ˶ŵĳִһǶϽˣŵĻؿžԵš
УаĴ񣬱ٳ£ΣֻҪؿܴɨƽҲǷַӵ顣
ЩִǻûавϾİǿӢһΨҶĲ
ߣа蹷ǷĹԵˣ˭ҧ˭žͺúõĴǵ֪Կŵĺ
һŵĳϿ̳£ɽ˺аߵܻвٵĳִ£ͷǣкڶＯ˽ʮִ£ŵĸ߲ۼأҲŵ̳֮С
ǣаΪ⼸ռݱĿˣ۸ڶŶǣҿǲˣǾûزáŵһĻٴӭųǵһƬк֮
һһ˵аββ֪νǸλ֮ϵ𾪺ȴЦɫ쳣絶磬ôֱĿЩִǣﲻͣĴʴʡ
ұ죡
𾪺費䷳ŭһֳеĳִ¶һˢˢĿ𾪺裬ķ·ҪγѪ쳣׺ݣ˶ӣˣֳʱѻȸ
֪νǣаʵֻɽȺСϺױͳְɾˣֵõʴʣ죬˭ҪǸچһ䣬ھͱ𾪺һŭȵ
ۼ𾪺趯ŭĳִһҴԴηηվһߣȺ˵У㲻ȺڵסԼΡ
һվ𾪺꣬̾һڵʦĪҪҲδصصĵز
𾪺̾Ϣһ˰֣꿪ʵСĪԷңӦ֮ߣ
ĪС𾪺ߵͷңҲ𾪺ĵ֮һͲʮͷΪȴѴ۷֮࿡ʣ˼ݣͷԹˣǰһΨһԸҶһϳ̵콾
ʦŵһܳ㣬Ѿȫ칬֮ڣǵⲿѾȫԮѶϢҲѾȫųȥˣ𸮡ѩѱħ׼ֻҪǿԮ֣֮֮Σӭж⡣ĪС󵭵˵Ȼ֮г˳Ͽ֮⣬ȴһַǳĸоһֻĸо
𾪺ͷ̾Ϣһڵǲָ̫డȻƽｻʲ٣ǺʵģУѩ̿Ҳ˿ûмֻܿԼġ
ʦ𣬾һǾԻԮģĪС񣬵Ц
ָȺСͷ齨ɣʵҲָ̫ǵģܴһԮƾԼǻⲻǰΣֵġ𾪺赭ȻһЦҡҡͷڵ
ʦʵҲ̫Ĵ㣬ҲܽȺ֮иǣֻҪǣаҲǰȥɱģΪǻҪ˼λĴأĪС΢Цص
𾪺תһ룬оĪС˵ҲҪٴο֮ʣһŵͽżæŵܽ˴á
ֻ麹ϾǾ֮⣬𾪺ǰʮԶʱͨһصĹŵ˵аͻƵһȦڽڶȦ
ʲô𾪺¶֮ɫʧе
ŵĵһȦֲõģϸ˵а¾ʿʥΪһǿߣҲô̵ʱڱͻƣļϵͳûзֳгԼϵĸֳ֣ôаͻȦġ
𾪺辪ɲ֮ʱһͽҴҵ֮ܽڣͬ˫ϥأڵаͻҵһշʩڽڶշʩ
𾪺Ѿ㵵˵ĵһѾ߽⣬ƿʩôа᳤ֱֱɱ̳ڲʱаǾĸ֣½ȫѾûб濴ȥôˡ
𾪺ܲͷİ˰֣ͽ£ܵĳִѾŵɫһе岻Ļ֮ǰǰʢˣ˶ʼ㷲
𾪺Դʼ˼벻ͨԼֲõķôаô׵ĸˣ⵱ҲһĹѣҪ˵г뻯֮ϣǵпܡ
ԼƵļǲֳܳаʿͽǶʥΪһ񾳵ĶֶûУ⵽׳еΪѽ⡣
ڴʱ𾪺˳˼֮УĪС˺ֻͷȺ֮ʮʹ˸ɫᣬɫ˺˼
ʮϸո˿ûãֻǻһͬʱ˦ӳһöԲԲǰʮִըһŨŨɫ˲
Щ⧲ĳִǣŪôһ£ɫ֮ЩִǾͿʼ°ĭۿѪѣƤϵΪ֮ɫһֺֽشֳȥˡ
𾪺üͷһ壬Ҳ˵ֻһУǰɫŨȫյ֮ϣһɫţ漴Ŀʮִ£˵Ҫ췴
ʦ˵Цˣⲻ췴ӦýʶʱŶԣ仰ǳʮѵĳִУǴ𾪺𾪺˫ͫ͵С㡣
ͻȻ𾪺豳ϵһùǴһ˺ѷεĶʹùϷֱŹͷĪСֳöͷЦţ֮͸¶һŨѪ֮ɫ
ʱ𾪺о쳣ԣСɵͨߣȻöͨĹͷסе쳣ľֻѵתͷĪСҧгݵСĪ㶼ˣ
ⲻ˵ôⲻзʶʱΰа˵ˣֻҪҰţұŵһ֮ʦܳȫѽٺ٣


ڶʮ ǿԮݵ
һ䣬ĪС˫Ŀһɣ⣬ֿ籼ףϵöͷֱ𾪺˫硢˫ȡ֮ϣ漴һһöͷС
ҹ
ĪСͷʹ𾪺ĺ󲱾֮ʱ𾪺͵һϺȣ±һֲ籩ĪСɨɣİöͷ⣬һ·䡣
ᱦ죡
˵ʱʱ죬𾪺ոɨĪСһ˲䣬ʮͬʱ𾪺һƣƷѸͺˣ𾪺С֮ͨ˵΢綼㲻
𾪺ûܵĴ㣬ôһƷ䵽Լһ㣬ǾЩƷʵǱģǱɫŶȥġ
ɫʵƶ֮ͣھʮƷĴ̼֮£ٴȫ汬𾪺賹ɡ
ԶĪСһĻһ֣аЦʦҴģʬƶϣЦѽ
ͽȻôΪʦȫ㣡
ʱ𾪺ŭ˼ֻŭĿԲޱȣ籩ףըڳ˶Ĥۡ
֮ʣ͵һһ쳣˵˴ȳߵʬƶȫ漴λתݺݵĵĪСһۣǵոһʱ˷·跢һҵĳ鴤ϥľ֮ɫ
ҵĺʦոտһأҲ̫СŵĶˣοа˸ħа壬ǿҲܰɣĪСָ𾪺ĴЦЦһëȻĸоֹסЦ֮ɭ֮ɫһһ𾪺ȥ
𾪺ʱǵɽˮĵزڵĶڷʴľͬʱһɼаԭлѹƣɶаԶ֣··ݺݵĶסˡ

֮ǰǱųִǣһ˾һȼܶȥſľѾЩѵĳִǣһŶ嵹ڵء
Щжĳִ£Ѿʬƶ׵ʴûֱӶȥѾܲˣҪ𾪺Ͳܣһ֫ʹϰ־ͬϵֻĪСʹס
Щ˵ĲӬɱˣ·ҪĪСһճһѪЦݣ˰ֿڵ
Щѱĳִǵ˵ͷͬ¶һ̶ֲѪ΢ЦһӣЩжĳִչɱһʱĴ֮ϣѪɣҽ˵һ˼ľ
ΪʲôΪʦزκһӣΪʲôΪΪʦ֮λô
󲻾ڶĲҽ𾪺˫ĿѾѪ˿Ǹҧгݵģ޲ðǰһĪСҧһ
ʼŪԼĵӵΪʲôԼֻΪλãûãĲҺ뾪ȻֹΪЩѵĳִѾɱˡ
𾪺費˵ãһ˵ƺȼĪСŭֻһ˫Ŀټһ𣬱Ըӡ
ֻ𾪺ǰ̧ȾһŽ𾪺ߵŲ֮ϣݺݵ˵أϹ㻹˵ڣгҶǸ쵰ݵôȻǰ˵֣ޣ
ΪʲôҪΪ֪λýҶʱǶᱻԣǱҪ֣㵱ôʦķϣһûʹȥģʦһ·ߣ
˵ĪСϵĹħݺݵ𾪺üģһ֣ǧһ֮ʣһâĪСĺġ
ĪСͷҲص˦һȭâķ飬ͻȻһɣ𾪺ѾûӰĪСǸ߸߹תͷԲԶĿյϣһŮ𾪺ݺݵĵ
Ůӷòǧ˿Ȼ£һԽü͸¶һֱӢ֮һ˫ˮĴۣѳŭ⣬һҪĪСնơ
ǺǣԭϹӣϹӣĪȰһ䣬Ҫ˻ˮԹԵùһԣһĪ˵罿ɾͲˡĪСȫŮɷĿ⣬Ц֮дһᱡ֮⣬Цݸаĺܡ
ŮӵȻĿĪСһۣ𾪺£˵ɵ˹ϢｻҰɣ
𾪺迴ŮһֿۣһЩ˵ĳִǣ̾һЦ溶ҪܸɵˣжԶ߶Զֲġ
Ůü˵ɵ֪֮֮ŮǴʱ㲻ˣǻôֱ磡
˵ĸʱŮ͵һĪС֮г˵벻м֮ɫĪСҲŭֻνЦЦڵϹӣбҪһ䣬Ŵȥ㻹ʶʱĺãͶаõĳ·ĻĪҪȡǿӲʩŶ
˵ĪС˫Ŀ޼ɵɨŮӵ£֮⣬ЦݸаޱȣĪС¶ı飬Ůü΢壬˵ĶҲҵĸ磬ЦˣôϲаǰɣǾΪаϹѰɣ
Ůӻһ䣬彣һǼ䣬ɽ㽣âϯķĪСԼЩ˵ĳִȥ
ǰԴԴͬʵʣٸǿ缲磬һٶȣȣƣ޿ޣɼŮӲǺÿĻƿʵѧġ
ƽ䡤һƹ۲׺
ŮԵĽĪСҲҴ⣬йħջ䣬˫ȭݺύÿһȭǧ֮һʱĽâ֧ɾĪСһɭһЦȭ͵һɣͲɵ׺ǰľ콣ơ
ȭͣɨŮӶȥŮҲţһܹȭ磬ŮƮ鶯ٶȸǿľˣһ֮£ȻֳĵӰĸΧɱĪСĵӰֲַٵĸоѸͣһǰ
ƽ䡤ķ轣޼
ĪСܣЦһһȭݺݵĺڵ֮ϣǿľγһɷѹ粨һɨȥŮӵĵӰȫɢӹ˵ĪСҪŮǿ١
ֻĵӰɢ֮ȴûŮӵӰڣĪСһɭȻһЦ̧һȭֱܡһ޴ȭӡƿնǡŮӵӰĪСͷ»ȭӡ˸š
ֲȭѹŮӲ֮Ե쳣ȭӡʮ֮Զ찤ˣŮӺҧһĹȫ汬ǿֺ˵ȭӡ׺ɢ
ɾոհ֮ʱĪСͻȻֵߣһȭݺݵĺŮӵļ֮ϣص棬Сȡһ״죬һɵĽ֮˦ֶŮӡ
Ů֮󣬸еͷɨǿҲһɨǼףֻǵŮӵĽɨн֮󣬽׷·һ㣬һʼת̬ԶĴŮϣ֫ڵأֶãϵ彣Ӧء
ĪС֮ߵŮǰ°ЦѾͷƽߣվͺú㣬㻹װװˣ
ŮŭĿԲС糺죬ʵŭһͷĭĪС󣬺߶Ůӵĭһ߳ŭ̧֮־ҪһǶ˦
Ҫ֮ʣݶ͵ıѿһŮֱ£һĪСץס
аĹҼĶˣôһǵһμǰ۵ĺܰ˵һšĪСһ˺ѷεľʹͬʱҲ͵ıһɺ˵Ļ𾢽ĪС˵š
ĪСʼ񺿽ɲôûƣһĪСһ߿Ůӣ΢ЦСãòǵôô
״磡


ڶʮ ŮĻˣ
ŮɵĿ꣬ǰϤǳϤ˵ⱲӶûǵˣôԼҲֻһĿѣǰҫ
ҫҲǸϲĿǰŮӣԷڶʱµϹ溣ټϹҲðҫԾСû뵽СӲԽϢ쳣Ļ˵ͬ˹Ŀ࿴ֻ̥ݡ
ʱҫһὫѾɻ˵ĪС󶪵󣬶ĪСҲǺݺݵҧҧþʮɹ쳣ѵĽϵĻ˫׶񣬷·ҪҫƤǡ
ҫǿҲһۣͷҲصİ˰˵ֵǣȰаĹ£һύǰ䣬˵ȥǰжˣ
ҫԼĪСֱҧҪ֮ʣȻķԼ澭һɻ𾢷գò¸ʹһҲǳͻأĴһʹ
عͷʱһ֪꣬ʱѾһֻӥצǯһץסļ֮£һָˣ亹
СӣҹԹԵĴţӦòΪԼҶһֻ۰Ϊ˲ʿɣЦе˵ҶģҴҸϵİһŮǰҫҶ
ҶסĪС֮ҲͬҶＱҴҵ𾪺ǰ߼ɷףϢȫƶ𾪺裬ۿ΢΢죬˫ϥصĹڵأһͷڵˣʦܿ࣬ǵûá
𾪺赭ȻһЦڵɵӣ˵ʲôĸոպãҪǿԮϵΪʦϹʦÿѹ˹ˡ
ҶҡҡͷݺݵĵһԵĪСһۣ˵ʦĪʦ͵Ϯġ
𾪺һݺݵ˵ͽ͵ϮңʦţѾʦˣŵĳвǡ
Ҷ˫Ŀ΢΢쳣˵ʦҪŭ½ұǣȽڵĶ˵֣鷳ˣ
һԵ˵ͷüͷ˵ǰеĶ֮ǰеĶͬһֶأǳֻ֣֮ǰڵĶҪǿ˰ٱֹȻҲܽյҲûôףҾΪɡ
Ļ֮Ҷæʩһ񣬿ڵֽ߾ܣ¸мպԸЧȮ֮͡
Ը񱾾ʵڣҶԼ񣬸æǰסе㲻̫˼˵ˣǰĶͽҰɣ㾡ܷıǡ
һҲ飬𾪺ϥ𾪺ıţ΢΢Ʒһɫӫ⡣
𾪺ҶôҲûֹֻǼģӦҲﲻԼ̫æ˼һҲɨӣ֪˶֮ʱȻ֪Ѷˡ
û뵽ǣ˲ò࣬ƽӴԼŵһ˲䣬𾪺еڵĶһСһСɵĳߣиеΪȡ
Сһ鶾壬ľ𾪺ĺ֮ɫʵ
˵ͷ΢Цţǰסڵԭ˳ҵؽѹҽա𾪺˵ͷٿڣĻȥҶҲվһԽл
ؿҫߣֻߵϹǰһϹ溵ļǸĽףӦ飬·ֽһ⵹ĪСɵۡ
ǧƳĵ֮ר񾳸֣۾Ϊһ㣬һԼֽ⿪ĻҪڽ֮УڰҫǿĽ׼û
Ϲ֮Сһֵߺ֮ɫԴŽ棬е㲻̫ȥҫⲻ¶һɬ֮⣬Ҫ֪⼸ɲֹ仯޴󣬾ҫŷ츲صı仯ֻԼûвˡ
ʵŰҫĹͣԼ˲칬һ֮ƻȶŲСı仯
򵥵˵ǰҫɳˣҲԽĳˣټӢӣЩСŮ˵źǿɱϹ溾͸˵ˣ˴֮Ȼֻ֮飬Ҫôȥ¾Ҫ֮ˡ
ҫҲһ㣬εһҪ֮ʣһԵھҫʱ򣬰ҫͻȻе׹һţ׹ģŵ˸飬аһɱѽ
ϹӣҽһᣡЦеĿϹ溣֣΢Ц˵
״羭ᵽ㣬Ȼǣѹְ״˵أϹ溼֮ǻָͬա
ôȲϹӽСˣѽЦӯӯĻͷ˰ҫһۣȻЦҫܸоЦеëȻ
Сļ֮һѽϹͬźƵ΢Цص
Ůգһվãɢһ˿ĺϹ溵⣬˫ͬʱһɱ˵ƣʼ໥Գ
ŮȻڰнϾһĻŵðҫûιȥæ˵˵λǲϧɣô˿أȰǰľסǴ˰ɡ
ԺгְҫĻʱûĵһۣϹҲǹɵĵ˵ͷŮٴζһۣ漴תͷȺŵĳִǣ絶쳣£һɱⲻת
Ůʱ⵱еĳЩ˽ǱŮǶϬ壬ҲмԵ쳣˿ûбŮŵ¶һɭЦݣҫķһЦˣκӵҴˣ˱ˣҵ۾Ƥ߸ժˣȻԶְ㡣
ѽѽˣ㻹бͫأеαװӲ۾ҵʧ󰡣
ǰʮųִУһϵЦһִ̧Լǰɨһɵĺɢȥ¶ıĿаеκӵ
жαװִ֮Ҳͬʱжαװħ𡢽ħħɡOħɮħʥаħħһԭΣͬʱһһɼǿơ
˿ܸоȴȫܹܵİҫжôǿһǿֱ֮۸ܣҫǵѹȸ̫ǿˣǿҵĻŵĸо
ħеĵֿҫһŶŮ˰֣ŮҲǷǳʶվߣҫķǰЦаħǺǣ⼸½С
ߣ˴˱˴ˣСҲСȻ׾ٵĪС󣬱ǶĿ࿴ħ֮еĽħЦ
ĻûŭҫǰߵϹ溸ŭˣŮͬʱ̤һһǿƣŭĿӡ
Ǻǣҽ˶٣ǾҪλǰһˣλǰָ̿ҫ΢Цħ˹֣ľٶħ˿Ҵ⣬һʼڿƣԴ
ͻȻħоǰһһӣҫ·˲һһֻѾסκӵĲӣ֮죬ħ֮ûһܷӦκӵǴʧɫ¶֮ɫŽߵİҫ
ӵӦеŶҪ֪ʵǸıҵȷ㣬ʵ㻹ҪúаҫЦеĿκӵ˵
κӵѾŵе˵ˣԼ⼸ѾͻƵ˳ڣڰҫǰȻ޷֮дв⣬ҫôġ
ҫôģʵԼҲ֪ʽҲûʲôرģʽСֻڴ֮ͨ󣬰ҫоԼʱǳĺܣͲʲôѹؿԡ
򾳽ʱҲǷǳͨĻҲô̵ʱڴﵽ۷֮а뻯֮ˣԺŵ˵԰ҫʵ뻯֮¼ûеֿԣĪȻħ޲ߡ


ڶʮ սħ뻯֮޵֣
ʱҫ˲סκӵֻһὫκӵڿУһϢȴ᲻һ˿ҫľѾзκӵԼǰκӵָˡ
ħһ֮ǻعתҫħħʥѹħΧɱϣOħɮ죬һ淴׽˲˶幦ڼڤPһ׺ɭĺƼ侪ˡ
ɺOħɮֵҫǰֳצ˺ҫʺҫҲ΢ЦԣץסOħɮƣָۿʼϾ
OħɮĺͬˮһӿҫҫЦһֱһ𾢱ӿһԽѹ˻ȥ𾢽Oħɮ׵ȼ߷񺿽У֮ͬУ³һҵʹ֮С
ôȥֿȴû˿ãյ಻ԣҫһѹOħɮѹϣѹĹڵأֻͨĹŶѣOħɮȫ
Oħɮһа󣬿ģľѣħħҼйħɵľնȻӰ쵽ҫͻϮҫࡣħĽƸ׺ݣͲɵδѹϢҫҲࡣ
˫ħ빥ҫһֿ磬һ˦Ʊͬʱڽħħɵϣ˵ľû˵Ǻ飬˫ħҲ۵졣
ҫһеֱ֮һȦԲһޱߵᾢŲƵľ磬˫ħԵֿαĶᣬǱҫ䣬նһҵεâһɶ೤˫ħݺնɡ
һĻħʥħľҫֻһ۶սħӮɣ࣬ħĳΪȻܵĸɾ䣬ҲɣˣҲҫֵǡ
ԴӰҫû߸ֵ֣ܽ԰ҫʵʵҲû̫ܣʱǿţ˿֪ҫȻѾǿ̶ֳȣͬʱҲĸоѾҫ˺Զľ롣
ɣ
ħʥһһһ㼲ҫʱħħɲŸոձҫնɣħʥ˫ͬʱҫͬʱһԲĺҫ۶ڱǵ֮Уҫûв
ۼħʥ˫ƺҫ̧һлɽһͺħʥ֮ϣֻħʥûбֳʲôʹ֮ɫ¶һɭЦݡ
ҫһƴˣʵҲգǵħɮһ˲䣬ҫǳͻأĽ뵽һڰռ䣬ʣһֻ޾ĺڰϵκӵҲʧˣҫݽĺڰ֮С
徲
ҫüƲһܵĺڰռ䣬漴Ц֪ν
ߣб¾УҪʴʣڰ֮УħʥĻﲻֹӺδصڰҫĶߡ
ǺǣҪҲѣҹ
ҫЦһ̧ƣһСģ漴ݺһգС󱬣͵Ļ糱ˮһϯķܵĺڰգȻ⴦ڰռӲɢˣ֮ɫħʥǱŽźԶݶȥ
ҫһǱ˵ħʥһֻδɢĻ˷һɷΧоħʥмңɾСγɵģ֮ǿ쳣
ơޱߣ
԰ҫͻĹƣħʥҧס֮һɺ֮бɢջڡ
֮ħʥʼٱ˵࣬Ѿͻ׿⣬·һСɽһǰкʱȫûк֣һ˿˺۶û¡
ߵӣ
ħʥı仯Ҳ˳ԾСҫҲͬˣɲٵսˣκӵѨ䶨סһӣһǷ·һħʥǰ̧һƺݺݵĺںϡ
һȻֻ̽ҲǷͬСɣֻںħʥʱҫоԼ·һΡĴɽ֮ϣͺ䲻ԼĻƾǳȵжߣħʥ첻һ˿˺
ħʥЦһ̧һȭֱҫһ˳˰ӴСȭͷҫ˸ţǿȭҫֱĴ˳ȥҫһֵǽüһȺ֮ļƣϹҲǽ˽ϵ彣Ҫǰ
ɾж֮ʱȴ̧£İɣǰҫĶ֣ѣôܻǰҫĶ֡
ħʥԣͷŭĿӣŭһǵĳȥû˵ɫâ
â磬ƥѸײڶ֮ƷֱħʥӴ֮ϵİ˴Ѩħʥʱеһ˺ѷεľʹţ˴ѨλҲɢһ˿˿ĺɫҲʼͣСֱΪֹ
񽣡˽뷢
ħʥԭΣֱӹڵؿѪҫ񽣲ûһҫҲħʥһָ̧ۣħ𣬹˹ָЦˣ
ħķOħɮոϵĻ𾢣˹ˣħħؿĿĻڣѾеζ
ҫɲֻͨĵô򵥣âеѾ˫ħڵľһ̶ȵˣˣ˫ħڶʱûʲôսԣħʥ͸˵ˣվͲˡ
ħ֮ħս֮ħ˿˫Ŀһɺˣڹ𣬾Žֻħ˲ﵽ幦Žپصĳ̶ȣ׺ħХڴ֮ڣһּɭ֮С
ҫҲʾȫ汬һҾƱħҪǿһǿĻ𾢷ѹħɭĸо˲ʧȡ֮һַǳ͵ůо
˵ıʼжԳ壬˴ֺ֮ãƼ侪ˣɾȫעĿʱħ͵͵һŵҩôһŵҩ˶ʱ˻ȡ
ʱħһȣֱҫȥһȭ˳ƺȭ׺ħˣֲȭӡֱĺҫȭӡһ˲䣬ħͬʱΧɱҫ
ƾŵҩЧʱѾָʮ״̬һͻȻϮһɰҫأۼħΧԼһƲм˵Ⱥ˵ˣУϹİ
һ䣬ҫ˫һϣ漴˫ƽչڰҫǰһ˫׺Ļ۳ͣҫһ𣬸պñܹħϻǵͷϷŻݺݵĺ
һ
䣡
ʱ̳ˣһɻ˽㳹׺٣纣һǽڣڻ֮Ӱ׹¡
˷·ճɽ̿һ㣬һǱĲӣаħҫһʤɴ˿ɼʵԳƵ뻯֮޵֡
ҫվڶϱڵıԵŷ׹µħЦһڵһ
ҫɽѾŵڶؿڵаʱüͷת𾪺裬ʱ𾪺״̬Ѿָ߰˳ңѾܹͨԭѹƶϥǺЦģƺš
ҫĿһֿۣ𾪺裬ڵǰҰ˵ôˣ
𾪺΢΢һЦڵСһ鶾壬ľ֮ϣϷ˳һ컯ˣҫ˷лǵٰ֮
ҫʩһ񣬿ڵǰˣѣ󣬰ҫԵȫԸƲֹۣ֪ǰӦ֮
𾪺̾Ϣһһ۰ҫڵҫ鷳Ǵ溶Ƕ칬֮ڣµľҲֻܶʮ޼ˡ


ڶʮ и빥Ŀ
ʮ޼˵е֮һ˵ʮ޼һԲʮڽᱻΪƽأǰ̳ҲҪһҫ˵
𾪺΢΢һЦ˰ֿڵ޷Щ֮ѣû˿ؽֻҪŵ˶ڣʱضܶɽסҪ顣
ҫԵ˵ͷǳͬ𾪺ĿһҪľԲʲôɽأŶ˲ţԼֵûԴûе̣ûйϵȥȥˣ˲Ųһĺġ
ʱŵЩųִѾ£ôǾ𾪺ˣҲ֣Ǵеš
𾪺ڵʬƶյ֮߳󣬾ѾҲûȥˣΪѾļˣû뵽ǣյһɶʱ𾪺谵һСԭȥ˽ȥ
Ҳյԭ֮ʵ˲䱩ǵһֲ˼ĵزҪȫѹƿҪֱͻƵ뻯ˣڵľΪѾȹ˳۷ĳ̶ȡ
ҲΪ˳ԶչԼܲסջϵ뻯ĸ´Ҫͣ뻯ˣɲ뿴顣
ڵ֪ʵ֮󣬰ҫҲΪеˣڰҫȺ˵УСͬʱҲɵһƽԹûһ˿˶ҲǸλĹգҲеܰ
Թʱ𾪺轫ȫһ𣬳һЩ˵ˣ˶ĵˣʮңɢٺʲ
ڣ𾪺谵нܳȫе˾칬ǰʮˣҲй֮ЩѾĸˡ
𾪺迴ǰЩŵľӢǣǵпԿ־塢ɥаֶ˵һֳصĴ֪ԼȥЩΪǶôĿЦ
𾪺賤̾һͻȻֻһȵҴôһ޾ɵģð˲칬İ׹ôˣǿŰ
һЩŵľӢһ漴תͷҫˣ˲칬ҫ˵ڽп졣
˵˲칬ռĸʡ򣬹ھ񽭺гһҪ˵ʵ˲칬ӵжʮ񾳵ĴڣֻҪһͻƵ뻯ܵ۷ĵλİ˲칬½Ҳ൱𾴡
ҫǰЩӢͶľηĿ⣬һЦ˵˵ͷѾ뵽𾪺Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
Ƕţӽ˶ҪԼ׹ķԸʲôǶҪ޷˵ȥô𾪺һ˵
һֳȻһƬһ˶ĳϣƺ𾪺ⷬǻлææ˵ǻδɽˮĵز˰
Σûеɽˮĵزǲ֪㻹ôӦ֪µľƵʲôĵز˰ɣ𾪺Цҡҡͷڵ
εĳϣݺݵѹѹѽȭͷ߬࣬Ĳ֮ɫôʣҲҪŴȥʵ
Ƕû˵Ļôݼ׹췴ɣγ仰ǴӲģֻټһţľӢȵ
ЩӢӼγ𾪺趼һ֮ɫʹвҲֻҫ񣬶ҫЦݷ࣬Īĵӱ湻صģǰ˰֡
ҫߵ𾪺ǰǱȭ֣ʩһ񣬿ڵǰӻأ
𾪺΢΢һЦҡҡͷ漴̧һָڰҫĶͷһļͻȻ𾪺ΪҫӦֻĿ𾪺Լ
һӣҫоԼԺг˾칬뷽ӵĿԼڲ죬ƷУҫѹʱ˶ˣ֮ЦĸˣһҫǷǵصˡ
ǰҲö˵ʲôˣΪǣֻҪһڣػᱣסŵǰıǡҫȭһ񣬿Ц
𾪺ǹЦİҫļ򣬵Цܹ漣ˣƷи㣬Ϸģ칬뷽ӵĿȨѾȫˣ͵Ϸлɣ
ôˣ϶㻹ð
ڴʱдһҫе쳣Ϥҫ̧ͷȥֻ֮ϣһȦͼ֣ʮӰ䣬Ϊһаһ֮֮ϵĸ
аĶսˣΪһ˰ҫҲа˫ʹ֮һʹڿԵˣӦþаʹˣܲ˫ʹ֮һô侳ΪȻ֮
˫ʹ֮һһȼĸֻ£þʥϤʮ˽뻯֮ϵĿռ֮쳣ǿᡣ
֮뻯£ǵϢʥˣΪ׵һߣаϻˣа뻯Ѿ˶ʮ֮
ԣѾǿŵ˲һ־ֵʮ񾳼ԺԲˣаΪţ㳲
ߣϷĶϷ򰮸˭͸˭ֲаָָ㣬ô㿴ˣϷ͸ҫˣҺΣ𾪺˫ָ̧ͷЦ
ҲЦһҫڵСһּˣʿ浱Ŀ࿴ħֶĶ֣Ƿǳ㲻ˣ
ҫЦһ޿ֵ˵£ǹ˶£Źȥ¶ѣͰʦ𵱳˵Ļɾ費Ҫһ鰡
ҫ֮ʣɭȻЦ˵ȻǵãֻǴһʱһʱձҪɱ㣬ǿµʦҲϴǰˣҶô
һҫɫ˲Ȼô˵ôͱȻƾ˵ǱŪʲôƷɸ˿ռУôҫƾ͵Ȼ޴ˡ
ҫüͷһԵĿգıͫѾʩչ˼ޣ汻һЩŵ֮ϣһ㵭ͼ
ҫ˫Ŀ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ漴𣬿ڵ£ȷ㶫ܵסʦ𣬼裬ֻǼѣ㶫һҪǵסʦƣֿ㹫ȻԸ飬ַʩҪס³ɺһ㣬ʦŭаӦǳܲסİɣ
һԼаˣʼʩչ󷨵ʱΧľˣаʥ˫ʹáϻҲͬв룬Ϊҫһ仰ʼеԥ
˵ʵڵģҲҿ϶ǡڤڷħ󡯵ܷܲסƷɣǺţǷƷɵĻǵĻûʮġ
а˰û˵ȫҫаһҲȡ˲ٵʱ䣬Ҳǰҫĵطù֮ǲȫûҪĳɣͲ֪Ӷˡ
ʱһЦ֮˶ߣСȤʣͷԣԽԽϲˣ
һ䣬֮ǻͼ͵ıһɼ貵Ľ⣬һڻͼл׹¡
곤һź覴õĿӣһϯֳȣüĿ̣ʵųףʮ㣬͵ЦֵĶ⣬˵ĵһӡһ㣬޿ޣҫкǰԼԺеĵһС
֮аϵĻǵϵģ˼嵥ϥ¹򣬵ͺȵӭа£
а֮а񡯳޼٣


ڶʮ ֣
޼ˣǰҫһμ޼ĿϴλǺԪռԼ֣ܶλа񡯻ûһֱ̫۵ĸܡ
ɴʱ˿̣޼ҫĵһӡеֱ̫ˣֱ۵ҫеܲסǹƣǹѹȸУ·ɽһѹڰҫͷ
ҫԳ޼һ޿ƥ֮Уͺڳ޼ǰԼֻһֻ΢ϰˣһֻ޼ʱϡ
ҫų޼޼ҲͬڶϵЦԽԽŰҫ΢΢ͷڵ־˲٣ԪˣϧϧΪãǷǳ㲻ɰɳȥһµƷأ
޼Ļ֮аڶ֣ȫڰҫϣһɱŷǵĿǳͳһǾǰҫа񷢻ôаצǣȻҪĿնɱ
а˱Ŀֲɱ⣬ҫҲһٵͬʱüҫߣ֮ûһ¶ʲô֮ɫͬʱ̧ͷеаˣǼᶨƣǵ˼ҲԣҪڰҫͬġ
ҫһˣҡͷЦ֪Լ˵ʲôЩֵǶ벻Ҳö˵ʲô̧ͷ޼΢Ца£һˣôֵԼҵһͬҲ㹻ˣֻϣаԶ֣Щɣ
ߣʲôҲа֣𣬰Ⱥ֪ߵغСɱˣҪǵ¡ûȳ޼ڣʥе԰˰ֿڵ
аʥаλȨأκһλʥȨȥʹԶʹϻµˣ޼ҲûĴ㣬ƺ϶԰Ļûд
ϵĺۣǰĶһŮŮ̬欣װ¶üģһʮʮߣλа֮һ
ӷֱһһ٣꼫ƤңֱһǼܸƤ㣬ȥзëһ˫·ӥ˫ۣɢ˲ɭУнңλа֮һ
һ꣬䲻ʮӣδѣȴ˪絶ɢһϢɱ⣬һ˫ڸסֻ۰װǰֵܣλа֮һ
뻯Ϊڳ¶֮Ҳʲôһ壬Ŀռ俪ʼͣĵ·˲һٶȳڰҫ˵ͷ֮ϡ
ʱҫ֮Уֻаҫһ΢ƶʱӰûӦֻоǰһѳǰ
ɱСҾͲˣүӣľͷǰɣٺ٣Ц˵̬ʮ㣬ʱʱƳҫƺڰﲨϹھȣ޲˫ۡ
ˣϷɣ˵ɤʯĦɳƶֵͳ˷ǳĲ
ڹ֮ʣǷ·ʬһƶŰҫ˺ݺһաһӣҫ˲еԼˣһֽҫ˵һֿռˣ˵ԼҶǺ
һǿҵϢˣʼźҪϢƫƫһȥΨҫɫĿŹа뻯ĳ̶ȣȻռ֮뻯Ԩ֮𣬵ǳһ£ֵܹһģֻǵ̫öѡ
ǣҫܱסԼȴסߵˣϾֻǰ뻯ɲ뻯ҫߵĵ˿ʼڵ淭ǿҵϢ۶ڱǶʼѪѾŲ˶ˡ
аǵϷ˲ɣ
ҫеֲ֧סʱһԾĴһֻһԵ𾪺ֶ̧һ㣬һɵɫ˳ָƿնǳڲȻзһĵ棬ŵԭ
ԭȥôһ˿û̫ǿƳ֣ԭ쳣Ĺ켣һַǳʵĸо֪ȴƫƫôĿԭǰ
ԭǰʱ˾ȻŸոշӦǰԭͻȻ仯ɷ·ƥһ̬͵һУһŵɫǳţ𾪺˦һӣŵɫţ·һֱʡ
ʱҫ˶Ǵڴڵ𾪺ԭŪ֮󣬶ǵĿռҲʧˣܱڡ
ǿŰĵɫŷǧ֮ʱһ̧һӣͬһԭеɫţӦɢɫ𣬶ʱеβѡ
ûõĶһȥ𵭵ƲһȵͷҴԹԵĻص˶С
ʱ޼΢Цſ𾪺裬ڵǰɲѽΪŶ
𾪺̧ͷĿ޼˵Ȳ㣬Ȼ˴˵еľ磬ôô
޼Цһ˰֣ڵǰˣʵֻǰȥаͶѣȷҪѽ
𾪺һָָɽµаָָеľˣ룬㻹񰡣
޼ÿɷһЦʼ翪ڵҵ¶ҵʲôɣⲻô
СӣѽԭҲôҪһ氡ȵϷһμʱгϢˣҲǣ̳ϵôļҵݵλһˣ˶ʼòҪҪƤ
𾪺ָų޼ЦЦӣǰ涼ǰλ߸ϵĲаˣҲаˣһȻŭŭҪǻΪʵʣ𾪺ѾΪɻˡ
ǰ氮˵ЦڽɼЩʱҲҪͨһµԹ֪ǰԸԸһѽ޼һŭⶼûвɴһƵЦݣڵ
ãϷһΣҲҰϷôȥ֮ǰǲǸöɵʧи˵ѽ𾪺˫ۻһϷʵ΢Ц˵
޼΢Цŵ˵ͷڵС¶ѣеʧһе
𾪺Ǹ߸˫Ŀ˸¶һɭ׵ݣɭȻЦСӣ㻹ΪһĹʱ䰡
һ䣬𾪺ִ̧˸ָһ˲䣬ŵ̳Ȼ飬ľǧͬʱ˵ɽ麣ХһϯΧһ
ֳ֮ͨ߿ס⣬˶˸ݺƷɣ⵱л˰ҫˣ𾪺衢Լ޼˫ʹϻĳ⣬˶ڵһ˷ɶȥ
ס֮˶ǰһĻˡʮʮɣɵľ֮ϡޣٶֻ̬Ӵ޽̳кΧơȺɽХһӰըѵĹײгɱаĴ
ޡȺںȳһӿӶǸɳľЩŵĽЩǻ
ҫ㶵ĿǰһУĳ棬ʵƽʱҶߣֻ˵óһСӵݸҫڵǷӣо칬ʮ޼ʦҽģ֮ǰŵľӢԼ˶Ѿսȥˣڣ߰ɣ
ҫüڵǰô
ҶԴ˫ȭ߬ţ˫ĿһƬ˵ʦΪǵΪһʱУĿİ׷ѣĿģԣ߰ɣ
ʱҶ˫ȭָһεѪʮָѾܺԼԼûǸΪǸˣòԼ侲ȥľƣӶжϣ룬ȴòôȥ
ҫ̾ϢһҶļ򣬿ڵˣ߰ɣģҰ㱨


ڶʮ ʲôǻأ
ѽѽˣˣ˵ôʼնûмһĳأԭΪ˵ҵĸ߲ս֣ýһ򾡰ǰ˼Ǿѽ޼ԼĶͷЦ
𾪺һڵô޼СӣһΣ
޼һü⣬΢Цôķǰʾ
ͶҵĻؿܴɱˣһҵĻؿܴ׸Σ𾪺Ц
޼΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵǵĶעʲô
Ӯˣ˫ַʮ޼칬ԼӵͼֽҰǴڣ׼Ұҫǵ鷳˵Ļ޼ʮڲ׼̤뽭ôӮ㶼ռˣҶô𾪺˵
޼ͷ˼Ƭ̣˵ͷ΢ЦעˣҲĵѽ
ãôʶһ£𾪺Ц漴ִ̧һָ
ָһ˲䣬ϣУеľޡһЩ޷ޣ·һƴû˵ķ֮󣬾޾ʼ˽޲Ĺ
ЩؾӥͻؿǴԸһʱУӥаЩ뻯֮ĸչĹ
Ͼ޿ʼֱײͻؿȫа֮£Ȼֻһ֮£ɱаæңòǱ
𾪺ȫ淢Ļ֮ЩսĿ࣬սĲҲ൱ԣͻؿʵԼĪң·޾ԴԴϵĴдܳɱа
ؾޣϰپ֮࣬廨Ÿͬεģεģ˵ʲô̬ģ֮٣ʤӴ󣬶Ҽ̣ײ˿ɵˣսԼг񾳵ˮ׼
ϵľӥֻ֮ŷɿеĶٶȿ죬ͣҹģʽҲǷǳһ𲻵ͷųƶʱ򣬻ܵиӥӥצǹֶΣսͬҲڳҡ
ٵľֻܹʮҪĻôл֮ΪӴġ
ɿɵľ޴·յɽʮ͵ľȫ֮󣬻ôյĸо
˵ؾĹʵĹֶκܵһҲֲܿǵſʱһڿڣڿһ
Ų֪ͨʲôֶΣŪۣԶһɽ뻯֮һУɣ뻯УҲͬΣա
ĻˣʲôǻʲôĻ϶֣ǰŵЩˣ޼Щ֮ҲòϣҪۻؿһ񽭺֮УųƵڶû˸ҳƵһ
ʱϣǵϵս¶ǿǰļңаĴɸտʼ⧲Ѿ𽥵ɾơ
֮ǰڰҫϵħѾͨҩָ˹ȫŵϵս£ЩؾͿչǿҵĵֿҲ˵ļ룬õϵľƺ˲١
ϣؾӥаĳ뻯ִݱӾ˵еľƣǾ൱Ƶġ
Ͼʮ뻯߿ɲǳصģټʮ񾳱ؾᣬЭʱؾӥʧ⵱ؾ֮࣬аҲӦĴۡ
ϻһ뻯䣬е˵ˣʮˣˣʧȻа˵޹ʹҲ֤Żǿ
ս³һ࣬ȴûֹͣԽҵƣ޼ɫɣôţϵĵЦ֮ɫƺЦ𾪺ĲҲ˿ûнͣĴ㣬ۼʧжôʮ㡣
𾪺裬ɫҲͬôĴݲȣҲЦЦ磬֪޼Ϊʲô޿֣ΪаƣҲ֮ͨ߻ûгֹһ˳֣ôԼĻ᧿Σ
ǣ޼ƾԼûô𾪺ų޼Ŀ磬ûһƿûã𾪺赭Ц޼Сӣ񣬺ʤȯհ
ǰҲô޼ЦеĻص
ƾĸˣô𾪺ָָ˫ʹԼϻĳڵ
޼һЦŪ˵ɲܸ㣬ǣҲܲŶ
𾪺һЦ޼Сӣ֪ҵƾʲôô
Ը꣡޼˫Ŀ΢΢΢Ц
ڶһһ֮ʣؾݻ٣ʧ֮һͬʱʮ߻ؾӥΪкϣؾ𽫽ʮߣͿ࣬ʱʧ١
аߣ뻯ˣǳϻ뻯ϣˣʧʼֱϣħ֮ħʥˣ˽ֻˣаĴ̫ͬ࣬Ҳʧ
ʱҲ֪ðĳĴаӼս֮УаӾֻʣ³ġκӵ곿ˣаʲôȱǲȱ֣а֮Уе˳Ҫаӻ治̫ѡ
֮һκӵȻ֮ǰұŹը֮Ҳǳ˳ĵ˻֮󣬼˵ϵս֮СӵļٴаߣϾӿɶǳ񾳵Ϊ
ؿ֮ϵ𾪺޼˾Ȼô˵ܵļսȫǲܲʣΪ𾪺Ļ˳޼СȤеˡ
޼СӣϷھ͸ռһ°ɡÿһ߻ĲǱҪͼֽģĻ￪ʼֻ֪һĪչеһж̸ֻֽˡ
ȻЩʱЩƷ׸ߵĻͼֽģҪʱ򣬳ͼֽ⣬ҪһЩĸΪοһ£᲻Ӧĸοأ
𾪺Ļʱ˶ʱɫ䣬Ψ޼ЦôŴݣ˶ó𾪺Ļƣ޵ķʸеĸοмĿĴڡ
𾪺Ҳ˵ı飬̧һӣϵĴָ̽һâһӣ⼤һֱ棬һֱʣɢܡ
ϳһ߷Ŵ˰ٱλؿܣߴ·ɽһģ֮һʯԲڻתеսԵʮʮ׿һķĽսΧס𾪺Ľ³һīĴԲ߻Ưžſɫ
ô½һ°ɣʱ޼СӣҿԸĻᡣ𾪺΢Цſ޼˵ţʮ㡣
·תľƣԳ޼۹ȻܿóĲҲ֪ţֱڻôݲȵЦţЦ𾪺еһ˿ķУͬʱеô㲻
޼ɨһ𾪺νĴȻʼһ߹ƻһ˵νĴȥܲѽôҲҪóʲôƽһ¾ˣȻĻأ
˵꣬޼΢Цֱ̧۸һ㣬һ֮£ռɢͻȻϰٵƶҪ˵ĺܣʧ֮󣬰ٵӰ𾪺Уͫ׼С
ʱгֵϰٺˣǳ޼Ԯʮ󳬼


ڶʮ ѣ﷢
ĸžŻ˳Ĺ𩣬λ󽫾ϵ֮𾪺ɫѾ쳣
ԭ𾪺Ϊ޼ƾµĴͨߣû뵽ǣ޼ֶΣɽˣƾ֣ѹֳ޼Ĵݲȣ޿ˡ
ããҵԵҪȻⳡģҪأ޼װģؿڣһµӣڵ
ǺǣҲӮ˰𾪺Ŀų޼Ц
ܲӮҪλˣ޼΢ЦſĸԼˡ
һЦ΢Ц˵ȻаµĺôҵȻᾡΪʱҾȫ£Ϸڣƾа²ǲ
ʱĸҲǰһ΢Ц˼ҵ˼а´ӦɲҪŶǺǣ
ĸ˽磬ͲɿòӺݻ̬͹£һ˫ǣһֹǵɫƤʤѩӨ͸پ²κξɫ
ò£ʵͬޱȣΪ֮£µ񽭺Ů֮ĵһ˷Ī
ڶ˱̬֮𩿴޼ʩһǫֺõ΢ЦֱüжǸʵǿߣȻȻ¶һֱ֮ɫ
аģػϹѣպֻҪаһ仰ĳԸΪǽѣвӣ˫ֱȭ̬쳣˵
ߣһҡβĹ𩣬Ϸǰôûıʣ㻹װ𾪺Ƴһ𩣬
һǰĲУָ𾪺迪϶ʴʣҿԽԽͿˣȻҸа½а壬Ȱ㻹ʶʱ̸׳Ƴаµԭ£˵һ
аĹϷ򻹲˸ɴ࣬Ҫ֪ⷽز˶ͷģϷջǸ޼Сƴһˣʶľ͹һȥ𾪺ȵ
𾪺軹ǴƲ𩣬˵Ȼǰ涼Ƿζ챻ըˣݺݵĶ𾪺裬·Ҫҧһ
ʱǰȰ֣ɲǳǿʱϵܻҪȰһ䣬ȻȥǲҪٸż翹ȥˣҪ֪ɽڲûհ
𾪺迴죬λģȻ࣬Ը˴֮Ľ鵹ҲǳԶԴ죬𾪺軹൱ĺƵġ
ϵܣҲȰˣаҰģǧžǰ֮ѵôĸľ壬ҲҪΪպˣΪ˲¹ͷĲ֮ô𾪺赭ЦĻҲ˽еһ˿ĳɡ
ʵ첻ɵӣаԼ⼸һһָƵģ˵ʵڵģҲаΪ飬аΪ뻢ıƤ
ҲҪչش֮صľ壬ʵûбϿȥô⣬ǿƶ֮أԸ㶼Ȼǧĵޱȡ
ҲʳɽղǣΪ˾ҲֻίȫþľսȡаԴ֧֣ҲǲѶΪ֮
ھһλҷĸûôе٣֮ôаΪ˾壬ֻΪԼѡ
ۼ쿪ʼԥĸ˽ȻһЦѵһҪԴΪѽǾδԥ²ʱɣ
쵭Ƴһ۹˽磬漴𾪺裬˱ȭɫ֣ΪʵǲѶΪ֮ˣ
һ䣬ְ̧˰ڣľŴţΪףΪŵŵȥĸ˽ҲľŮʹ˸ɫΪ׵һ˫ͫŮ΢΢ͷͬΪŵܵľӥɢȥ
νӣųоŻ˳ļ룬ں̵ܶʱѾö𾪺е㲻˵ǵĴЭЩؿﱻȫ𣬲ֻʱϵѡ
ھɳԼĵɽ֮Ҳ߽ͬΪĴʣµĳǣЩϷаĸǣаǼóԼǿȫսÿ˶Ƿ˺ģҪڳ޼ǰúñһ
һļ룬۵ϻϣа˵ռƣ𾪺ͷųĻֻڰڣѾʧأս߳ࡣ
ܺãǳĺã޼СӣģϷҪ֪ⳡľ־ˣҲа˽ǡ
𾪺쳤Цɫޱȣɲֻ˫һһ·ֱֱָ֮ǧ׵ʯԲ̨ԼǾ߷·ɽͻؿܡ
ɫԭ͸ָѸײڶ֮ʯԲ̨޴ͻؿ֮ϣ֮ϵʯԲ̨ʱɢһʵɫĻͻؿҲ˫Ŀ貵ɫâ
ƾ񽫣̨תޣԷԲһڳе޲Դ𾪺һ˵
֮󣬵ϵͻؿֱӾһԾ뵽аȺ֮Уһѹ涼·һ˼£ͻؿܵĽѾѪģһԾһȣֱӽʮ˲ȳࡣ
֮ͻؿܿ˵Ǽ˾ҾͲȣÿһ£һ̶ȵ֮ϰ֮ԶŲϢĹѾɱаǧ֮ࡣ
аӡħԼȥûа취һ˿һ˺ͻؿȻ˶ǹޱȣ볣죬ÿһܴ֮аӵ˳Ծ˿ͷ
ؿ֮ϣǾʯԲ̨ɫĻԽĻﵽ۵ʱԲ̨·ʱ籩ǹֱ·аԼ塢ĳ뻯ǡ
Щ뻯ֵķӦҲµǹ֮ʱһö㵲õǷҪǹɢ̫Сǹˡ
ЩȥͨͨƿԵǹԶûб濴ȥô򵥣ǴԶĹܣЩҪ㿪ˣȫǹ׷ţһַ䵽ɵĸо
ΣǹǱǱֵһĹܣһ¿ͱѣǹȺ֮С
ǹ֮ͣ£ܶ˼ǸܵУ˵ǰ棬ȴ˲˺棬ǹѵĶУһʱаһʧֱ
ʱ𾪺迴ҵĳ棬ÿһεĲҽжһӰ׹䣬Ҳ˵ÿһεĺиϵаࡣ
ڵ𾪺ǳޱȣֻЦһٴοڣʮתޣԷԲһڳе޲Դ
һ䣬ʮΧսĽ״ʼٵתתٶʵڿ쵽һŵĵزΪѾЩ״̬ˣֵֻεĿС
Щз·նһ㣬̼ѽΧʮ񾳸նأֱȺ֮У֮аĸǣ𾪺ľӥǣԻᱻһնΣ񲻿ɵ
ֹҪٿ޼Цˣֻɫ˵ԣͨͬʱԭ𾪺ǰ̧ץĲ
޾ռ䣬
˵ԭ𾪺µĺ֮УֱҲҺľſŽס˲䶯ã𾪺Цͣ˵
ǰһĻ޼̾Ϣҡͷ漴˵ˣԳְɣ


ڶʮ аǿĩ·ʱķ
ʱ˿̣޼òС𾪺һأȷһѿеӲͷԼٲֵĻô𾪺裬ԼҲʣ¼ˡ
Եνɼʱ۵ĺܣʵʧͬʱҲΪ𾪺Ļе壬ŵĻ֮ɣ֮ǿ벻УȻ˿ϧҲò١
޼Ļ˵ĶȻܹ˵Ҫ֣˶סˣλ߸ϵаÿγֱȻǾ
һۣӽƷǿжܣѾкܶ˽ʵƷɻΪ˵Ⱥţ޼Ҫ֣ȻǾ۾ȥ۲죬ĻɲǳеģҪܹеõʲôʵȻвСľ
ʵΪ̶ȣѾںϵĸߵˣǸעھϵ򣬱Ͼ˭ֲǴ˵еĻ֮Ӵ޵ء
ؿǰɷޱȣǰߴ֮ټ𾪺裬˵Ŀⶼڳ޼һϡ
޼̧ͷ죬Ȼֵͷ棬Ǿ޴ͻؿãֻתתǸ߸¶һַǳŹֵЦݡ
ͻȻ޼Ӱ˵гʧ֮һ춯صĺ֮켸Ҫ˵ĶĤ
ͬʱ˻ûüӦϺХĳ·𵹾ϵٲȻа֮ߣΧҲͬǧ֮࣬е˸û˽ȥ
𿪳֮ˢˢĿ棬ֻϳһֱǧףȴﵽʮ׵©ξ޿ӡ
ŵľ޿ӵײ޼Ǿͻؿܵͷ­ѹھ޿֮Уͻؿûа취޼Ĳ̤
޼ԶС·һɽͻؿûа취һ˿һһ£ͶԱȣ޼ͻؿǰͺǰĺӣֻͷϣѹûһĻε𺳵ĳ档
ʱУϣ˶Ѿˣÿ˶ĿɿڴһڿˮǰһĻǰǸˣҲ𾪺裬ѹĴƾ񽫣ĳֻųֹ
ˣȲɴٵñ˵ȥˣǿϧأ޼ǺЦ
һ䣬ֻٴʮ֮ߣ漴ַ·һ׹£ǾͻؿܲŸո֧壬ȴ޼˳һƸѹ˻ȥ
֮һ߸ĳԼضɽҡľ޼һƾȻӴͻؿܸķѣͷ­֫һ֮£׵˺ѿֳʮ֮ࡣ
ƾѹѹ£Щ˺ѵĲкڵһ޿ӣܵĵɢ£Уǿޱȵͻؿܣڳ޼߲У֤˳޼ǿ󣬳˵Ԥ롣
̨Ŀݻƾ񽫵壬
ع𾪺һ·һĴȣһոµһ̣֮ϵʯԲ̨͵ıһҫ۵Ϲ⣬ΧǹͻȻתǹͷǾ޿еĳ޼
ǹƳ۾Ƶģȫھ޿֮ڣûһ˿ķ϶Լڣ֮ˣĿࡣ
޿еĳ޼û˿ľ֮ɫֱֻ̧ۣƶ׼գֱ΢΢һеǹȫ˿вˣ·ʱռ䶼һ㣬Ե쳣
޼תƣЩǹȻҲƻתγһǹɵ磬һĻ൱ĹŹ֡
Ǻǣһȥ
޼˫Ŀ͵ı⣬һͺȣǰһѹͷϵĿռƵһһһеǹϣٶȿƿգֱ֮ϵʯԲ̨
ھǹϵ£ʯԲ̨޷ܣ˸ԴȻըƬкӾ֮ϣ׹£ν̨޼һ֮³״ݻ١
˻ûлع֮ʱ޼Ѿ֮УϰΧսʮʼһһķ飬ÿһлһеļ֮˲ֵ𾪺ǰ
ǰô޼Цеʵ֮ǰǵڼ֮£ֻļٶѣ޼һĻ
𾪺һ㶣޼ĳǰʱŵˣɲٶж죬޼ȴɳǰʼնһ֮ࡣ
ʱ𾪺У޼ϵЦݣԽɭȻֲһŤЦݣһħЦݣڳЦ𾪺ĲҲڳЦ𾪺޴ٶ
ǰȻ䣬ô;ǰɣ
޼˵֮΢Цץ𾪺ʺһץԵúƽƿԣȴһ˶㲻¡Ӳ˵ĸоʵ
𾪺ûӦµĺɫԲȴһ˷Ӧһǿ޼ס޼˶ʼŤûþͱ˺ɫԲ֮С
ǰһĻķ𾪺عֻݺݵ˦˦ͷԼ侲ǿһ۽µĺɫԲ漴һڵ޾ռ䣬ʵ࣬ޱ޼ʣԳһＸѾһˣһҹ磬޼Сӣ⻹Ը
ǰΣֵ͹Ŷ
޼Ļ𾪺Ķߣŵµĺëһ룬ǿīĺһ˿ϸСѷ죬ѷ쿪ʼͣɢһ㣬գ֮串صһըѿ
ըѵûжǿ𾪺ȴ˱ܵʮ׿⣬Ϊںը֮󣬳޼Ҳٴγ˵С
ʱĳ޼˫ۻ˫Ŀûͫ۰֣֮һĺɫǺӳһȦ޴ɫֵ֣ı濪ӡһööѶӡģԵʥַ
ڰֻӡ
Ϲʮ֮һλа£ִ˵е޳ˣǿ޷ˣų޼Ȧ֣š
һԵķĸü⣬Ц֪ҵľߣжôȷ˰ɣ
Ƴ˷ĸһۣ˵ҴӦаɲΪ㣬Ϊ壬ҿɲôԼΪϡ
İз̣ĸҲգЦ˵ԲӣΪ峤֮һ治ǾôҪ֪Խʱյľ˵ֻиаĽŲ֮ܰⷽϰ
תͷһۣ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵ؿǰ޼Ĺ΢΢һûжķ𾪺裬һεǿ˲Ƶ˳޼ǰһ֮䡣
ǰĻˣٲԸĻҲֻɱˡ޼࣬˵
𾪺һ̾ϢʱҲˣҲѾߵĩ·ˣôһ·ߵپĶһɣ
˵꣬𾪺ЦˣЦķǳĲãֻ˫Ŀ֮±һҫ۵İ׹⡣׹ԽԽҫ۵һ˲䣬͵һ˫Ŀͺȵ϶˲ɣȻҪԱ
ŵδδͽˣСһǣҪúŬΪϷұ𰡣ڰ׹֮е𾪺裬Цһӣֻ۶ڱͬʱһҫ۵Ĺ
䣡
һ춯صĺŭһ쳹أʮ֮İҫ˶쳣Ҷ￴ķİ׹Ѿ
Ĩ۽ǵ֮תͷҫ˵߰ɣ
ҫԴʵô
ţţ
õģŻᶫɽģΪңҾҪֵȥţ


ʮ ֣
űˣϢһɨǧ±֮ĵڶаǣˡ
񽭺еɢʿԼŸɶʼ̻̲գǶڵаһĿ᲻ԼĳЩԼɢʿʼ齵аϾܹһ֮󳬼ʵʵԵֿĸо
ˣаԼţȥͶϾӲдҲôǻţܱһغһеĺá
ȻȻй͵ģȻз𷴿ģڵ֪а֮һЩڼɵʼᣬһɹ۵Ĵˣ۾ϲ߸ʡ֮࣬ٴδаҪаͥ
ڰҫİ˲칬ΪаһеĳһԵеƽЩٴռһʡ֮󣬾û˶
İ˲칬ɲճʱǰСèֻ֮Ӵ˲֮֮࣬ǿиааʵǳһʵϵĳ̾Ϊֹ˲칬ǱʵǲС
˲칬ռݵʡ֮򣬸Ǳ佨һ飬κ˻ûпɳ֮
ȣ˲칬Ƭʡ֮в˺鱨Լߣ˵ʡһ˹ֻҪʡ򣬾ͻڵһʱﱻ˲칬İĿ÷κ˻ӲĿ˫۾
Σʡ˺⣬ڵʡѹһֿռͨҲǰҫĸĸԼĸ˵ĽģΪľǵս·ʱʱϵֳ֧ԮЧʡ
󣬾ǰ˲칬ԴȫԸ㣬ʡеıЧҰ˲칬֮Դ˲칬δڲҪԴ⡣
Ұ˲칬Щ̺ԼƽҲ쳣Ĺգ̼ҳȡӯŽɶѣƽոܹԵñůĵزǺ֮˵Ĵڡ
Ҳð˲칬Խĸ̼ʡ֮򣬷·һҲܱʡİ̼ǰפͬʱ԰ҫһ֮Ҳ쳣ݡ
ʡ֮еˣһԼ˲칬Ϊ٣˲칬Ȼ˿̵Ҳʲô⻯츳߾ܳΪ˲칬ͽģҪǷģǷ̿ࡣ
ðҫĻ˵ҪΪһ֣츳ȻҪҲͬҪǺŬŸ
˲칬˲ŷҲϸִаҫ仰ͽо֮ͬҲԸ֮ˣ˲칬ԷǳʵȽĲһԼ۷塣
񣬽ĸģ֮أʡаƿ֮УϷ֮رаգ֮ǰ˲칬ĵ̡
İ˷֮أֱ仯Ҳ̫çĹ𸮵£Ծɱѩѱƿء
ޱֱϿ֮أʵаգǾŴʥ֮һʥĹĵ̣аռ֮ʡ֮һħ׼ƹܡ
Ȼ֮أɱųȻĵλ֮ռݣޱçĹ֮֮أµŵ㣬Ķ֮ǹΪ˵Χ
ݰ˷֮أĿĻ֮ϵľƣѾõаͻȻ˾һ棬ǽ뵽һֲִ֮С
ֻ֮ʱаûκεĶԵúܰ·Ϣһ㣬ʵ֤аϢһǵʧʵ̫ˣʧǺٳֹ
οǳ𾪺޼Ķľ֣ӮˣֻҪ޼šôδа԰˲칬չƣȻ޼ôǾҪʼˡ
ʱŹɽ˲칬ҫڽ̸ʲô൱ĻԾÿ˶ڷԼǰ⣬Ҷγϡ껡ܰԼҶģʱʱĸԼ
ôǵĵ̾ȹʡͺˣӵ̫ĵҲδһ£繮ԼһĶֵأһʥһĴڣҲʡ²پԴأǾأҫλ֮ϣЦӯӯĿ˿ڵҲǵ˵ͷûзԵ
ҫ΢Цͷ漴Ҷߣڵﻹϰô
ҶɱֵĺǵȻ̧ͷҫ˵ͷڻصܲʦֵԼɲĳǶϲֻϣ׹ܰһЩǣܲǳԸɷ°ɣ
ҶĻֱףҲпϣȫʲô˵ʲôӲҲӲ⵹飬ҫҲԲûЦӯӯĵ˵ͷ漴ֵͷ˼
ûãҫ̧ͷ΢Цɣǰ˲칬ٿһ֧ϵͽˣγϴЭԱŵľɲΪҲԱ
Ǹķ򣬾רǰ˲칬ĻؿԼǰ˲칬Χеķϵͳôûɣ
һ䣬ҶĿҫҲЦеĿԼҶ΢΢̾Ϣһ˵ͷڵˣûôҪл㡣
ҫ˰ֿڻص˵ʲôллģЩӦõġ
ѾûˣֻʣˣҪԴûԴҪụ̂ҪûˣҪҲûһУ޴ȥҲֻܹҫ£ҫҲͬ
Щв𾪺иģôȻҪΣֻЩ˵ľ˼붼еڼˣȫǣäĿĸǰְ𣬷ỵ£ǾͽǷһߣóԺúȹ£ֱڲŷְ
ڰҶְ֮ҲûзԣҶһļ˵ǷǳҪΪ˲칬û漰ؿһģŵҶ˵ǡĲȫһ飬Ȼȥԡ
ҫۼ˶ûзͽһ˲칬ȫµķ֧Ÿʵˣͻ֮ҫֿҶĿڵģʦλɱ֮Ը齵ô˵˵ǵ
Ҷ΢΢ü˵ͷڵʦԸ齵ڵһ뺫磬³һҪֻҪӦǱԸ齵
ҫȤֺǺǵĿڵӴҪˣ˵
Ҷ¶ɫе㲻̫ҿҫһڵҪռһ֧ϵĸϯλҲҪһְ֮
һֳʱѻȸһӣ˶ʼôЦԸ䵭ĹҶ˶΢ЦֹҶԼûסһЦ˳
ҫЦһ漴˰˰ֳ֣ҫҶģЦ⼸Ϲ룬Ϊ᲻ɱǣҰ˲칬ٵ˲ô
ģȥǣҪôҪôûе·ѡһʱ俼ǣֻҪʱһǽֱɱˣǵͷӻˣֱǲ֪ν
ԽЦͣˣһ˵ҪҪǵְλ⻹˵ãʹҪһ£ǿǻᰵкݺݵһ١
ԽԽһ֮СʦܣʦȻûп㣬ôʦҲŸְλɣ
ڴʱһЦ֮⴫ҫһ㶣漴üЦڵ⻹˵ʦ֣˲칬λ㿴ΰ
ڰҫµһ˲䣬ͻȻһӰǰҲû˼һ΢ЦĿŰҫڰҫǰδ
ʦѽʦֿǸϢѽЦеĿҫڵȻƷɵĵӣôѾƷΪŵӵİҫȻͳΪʦˡ
ʦ֣㵽뻯


ʮһ Ϣԣ
ͻˣĻֹһǰ㣬ҫǵúԼ׽ʱֻǳڵľΪأҫܹǳĸоżǿĿռ֮뻯ߵ
ҫĻһ㶣漴ҡͷЦǰĻԵֻ̳˵ұȽ˰ɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦļ򣬿ڵԵҲãҲգÿ˶Լĵ·ȥߣߵĺãʦܵҲΪеѽˣ˵ЩȻʦƽΪִоֵףǺȸʹ죡
˰ҫһۣİҫ𵱳Լ뿪ʱ򣬳̫࣬ϸ֮ҲǺģҫô࣬һӴ벻춼Ѱ
ãǲ飬ʱһֱڱչأغֶܵģܹúϢһˣǺһأˬһЦ˸˵
ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴ΧЦˣҲûʲôˣȥæɣϣ̨ϣҺúþ۾ۣʦϴ
ԽȻһЦǣŰҫȻһЦڵҫúİɣ£㶨
ҫЦеĵ˵ͷԴ΢죬Ŀ˰ҫһۣһתȥ
ıӰⶥ˶ҫĸ첲ЦѵõҪϧŶŮ˴ŵҲأ
ҫ΢Цҡͷڵʵǳ鲻գеæͷˣͻ¼һٶķǿǷԴ߽ʼһֱ벻ңҵȻḺ
˷ֱ֮ҫ΢Ц˵֪ΪˣȻᵣһ㣬ˣ˵˵°ɣ
ҫ˵ͷЦ˵ʦְոո㰲ŵְλ㻹û˵ְܲأ
ûĿ˰ҫһۣڵСӣʦָ㿪Ц㻹ˣ˵°ɣҿϢҪŶ
Ϣʦֵ˵޷ҫķʵ
Ǹ߸һָ΢ЦһҰ֮ǰʦķԸȥһ̫ɽ뱱ȣֱҵϹʮ޵ֻħԳǷ˺ôһ޴ӦҵҪػѩѱ붫ħ׼ңʦûк֮ˣϢô
ҫԴϲŴȿЦȻǺϢĺϢʵµľطаƣҸѾͷҪЮǣȷûк֮ˣҲԷſֽȥаһ
һ䣬ҫЦһ˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬˵ʵڵģʲô£µľǺԺʧԱҲú»ᷢˣҲԷſֽȥһ
ͻȻҫƺ뵽ʲôʵˣʦ֣Ӧöʦİɣ㻰˼ΪӵָӲѽ
Цһҡҡͷڵôװֻʦҵģܹǽ꣬ĳ׽ǰ㣬ĻǲǣԼǽԸûֱӰҸ˾Ͳˣ˵Ҳռʦӡ
ҫԵ˵ͷڵҲ˵ʦڿռ֮лز
ȻһЦ˰֣ڻص㲻ҪȥģʦĴܲ˵ģ˵ⷽأûκһطסʦ𣬿ռҲܡ
Ȼаµķ󷨵ȷʦҪƿҲǷѵˣסģʦ֮ԲΪԼĶԹҪ˽ᣬԼѣǲҪΪʦʲô
Ļҫϸ룬о˵ĶԣƷΪǿκܻΪ棬ԼΪĻеˡ
ôڶϢأҫ̾һʵ
ûеһʱشҫ豭һ裬²豭֮˫Ŀ絶Ͷ˵ľ⣬ֱĿҫȻ󵭵˵ڶϢǹľ񹦣Ӧ֪֮ϻʮʥһɣ
ҫ˵ͷ˫ϬĿ⣬ûжֱ֣ͬڻص֪ʦҸײֹһἰܴﵽʮʥһ㣬ôٴԲа޼ʱҲûһƴ֮ˣֻʮް
ҫʮʥһ㣬ʱЦһҡҡͷ˵ʮޣ˵ǸûޣȵһľѾðҫȴˡ
ټϲľһ㣬ҫ޴ֵĸоǰҫܺݵģԷϹҫܺݵôȻܣĻѾʼˣҲڵȵʱ̾
ŰҫǸ̾ģҲû˵ʲôСȡһɫʯ˦ֶҫ˵ڻ·ϣһ֪СɽʱֵģԼɣ
ҫ˳ֽӹʯʯķһ磬һߣжʱһɷǳ֮Уֵһ˲䣬ҫڵľȻת⵹ҫһʯҲַ
Եˣ񹦴۷һ㣬֮˾֮޵ڵ֮У֮䣬޵ֿԡ
ıλԵɺ֮£ԵǴ˵еʮʥһ㣬ֱʱŷ־񹦵۷ڣñﵽͬȵĵز
ֻǱڿԵʮʥĿֲ֮ʱҲʮʥܳܣԱΪҲֻܿУ֮ںĵʹ£뵽ʮʥ֮Ӷʮʥİء
ʱ䲻ˣʮʥ֮ҷǷܳܣǿǲܣ㳤˵ɣԵ޵þ񹦣ǧҪԼĹ˳Ȼ´һ㣬֮һʮʥ𡣡
ʮʥһ˲䣬򲻿ԥɢޣҪһ㼫´Ĺ˫ޣͬͬһһǳ̵ʱػ۷塣
ٴδﵽʮʥ֮ʱⲿܹƽʮǹɷܳܵĻ𾢣Ӷʮʥ֮ԾڴˣԵ˺Ϊ֮
һֵַķʽڰҫУ֮üͷԶ׼ӦǺܾúܾǰһλǿǰԡ
λǰҫһ˾񹦣Ǵ˵еʮʥһ㣬ͣһʱ䣬ڱʥմ֮ʱˡ
ҫ֮ʯû˵ôʯһԵͿһָָҫеʯڵϢô
ҫתͷһۣ漴ŤŤӣ˸֮󣬿ڻصһһɣļ¼ҵܴ󣬵Ҳìܣڿûʲôãɽдãʯͷɣ
˵ͷҲ˵ʲôҫ߶˼´ĸ֣֮¶һصЦݣ漴ڵʦ֣ϢѾ˵ˣ㻹ûشԸԸҵĸأ
һ㶣֮ˬһЦҫڵû뵽ʦ㻹ִͦŵģҶ˵֮ǰֻЦҰ׹ˣҪְһ鷳أʦҴҵӦ˰ɣ
ôһ˵ҫЦݸˣ˰ֿڵİɣʦ˵Ƿǳɵģʲô¶ùܣҲøɣǾˣʦֻҪҵĵƾˡ
ƣɻķһ䡣
ҫҲЦеĵ˵ͷظ˵ûרҰҫĵƣ
ʱݱһͳڣһ֮ۡڣа֮һκӵӭһ֮ͣһòȴ˪ŮӣŮӵֽƮƮ
ʲô¾ֱ˵ɣҵʱܱģ˷ѡκӵƳһƮƮЦ
ɱ˰ҫˣ˫ַϲ񷱦


ʮ ıԴ˵
Ǻǣ˵ĵɣ֪ڵİҫжǿôֲǵǸʱİҫڵİҫʵ֮ǿ뻯֮¼޵аĴڣҪ붯Щ뻯ǿߣҿûȨѽκӵһֳƮƮ˰ֵЦ
ƮƮһ΢΢ü֮󣬵˵Ϊ񷱦аţôֲҪô
κӵǸ߸Цڵ񷱦ô治ҪΪѾˣ
˵κӵСУһžһ˦ǰĲ輸ϣָָǱ΢Цҿûƭ㣬ȥα
ƮƮɵĿ輸ϵţڷдš񷱦ĸ֣ŷ˼֮üͷ𣬻˻ϵţ˵ôõģĲ񷱦ѾҸʦˣѾеڶš
κӵЦһҲ˵״󷨸壬󷨵ԣǸм䶼ᱻ֪ѧһУѾа֪ı꣬˵һĲֵġ
ƮƮЦһڵĽ뽣ʾأ
ĿǰҫĻ׵ļֵɲ̫رɱ飬ǲȥġκӵ˫ۻһϷʵЦݣڻص
ټһϹʮ֮һġɴѶϢӦù˰ɡƮƮǸ߸Ц
κӵз˫ۣ˫ͫ˵ĺ⣬ЦɿЦġ
㿴ҵڸ㿪ЦôƮƮЦͣʱʧ֮УʵǵõһĻԵһйϹʮĻԵ
κӵֱĿƮƮ쳣֮󣬿ڵǰôһѶϢͲ㣬˵ѶϢô
ƮƮǰκӵĶ棬ǰ㣬ЦҼȻô벻һ㣬ҪǸҶҲҸұ֤Ҳû֪ɴڣҶô
κӵϸһ΢ЦͷڵܺãϹʮķ㹻ˣô֪ǲڲƭңҪ֪ɱҫҪĴۿɲСҸ״Ҳ˵ˣаȫ²ҫΪУΥҲҪеײǡ
ƮƮ˵ͷڵ͸ˣԼȥɣ
˵ƮƮСȡһᶪκӵ˳ֽӹ򿪿κӵԽԽ˷ܣһĿ֮ɫûã
Ϊ¼ֻǵɴһС֣ʮ֮һûУ⵹ƮƮˣ˸СֶΣ˳Ĺκӵ
κӵ˿ϵľᣬֿ˿ƮƮ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˦ֶֽ˻ȥ˵Ůˣб£ðɣҪӦˣֻҪɱҫôӳ飬һʵͷԶ򵥣óȻ£ǻ顣
ƮƮ˰֣һν˵ҲܣֻҪðҫǰ˵ԴҾͳˣһԴһɴľǵҫԴɴľһ˫ַϡ
κӵһоת˸ָЦҵһƣҪңֻҪƻ˳°ҫ⣡
Ȳ˵κӵ߻Ჿʲôıưҫˣʱҫ߿൱֡
ҹҫھŹɽɽؾ̨дϯҫ˼ϸˣҶҶġܰϹ溡ˣǰҫĵĸȻٲ˽յ˾ôھ̨ϴԴȣֲͣ
ֵܰĻģССһţţСվˮϣСĴųУôһɿڡ
һ۰˾պĲӣһߺȾƻһ߿ڳݲʲô΢ģƺ˼⣬˾պѾɫŰĭ
°˾ӣ˶ûϹֻƴǶǸӣƺһֲʤĲݵļƣָСڿһԴĽкá
ܰϹ溡Ůžƺվһ˵ЦŮһǵŮÿ˶ԼصʣŮŮվһһĿĻ档
Ҷ͵͵ʲôֻǸնıƺʵڽʲôҲʵͽƴͷʱʱĻһھƣŷı顣
ܲ˯ﲦң˵£С֡Ҷ˲֪ʲôǸģƺʵڽʲôһ㡣
ҫƺһ£ͷһڣӶЦҫָָǰ棬΢Ц˵ʦ֣ҪػĶˡ
һЦ漴İҫļ򣬿ڵֵȥػ¼Ҳ֪ʦܰ⼸꣬ˣ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˰ֿڵνʲô಻ҵǾҲͦģ׷ƴȻÿζӹҲǶ˶ʣǶᾭһЩĶǵ飬˻ζƽʺҡ
˵꣬һ¾ƺһھƣЦӯӯĿҫڵ㵹ƽҲҪƽѽаɽ͹ͷ۵ˣӰǲð
ҫʼ磬νĻصΣÿֲǵһνˣҸ֮ĳԹǷҪһȫеģҼȻҸģͲνİӣа𣬲аӿԹ
һ£һھƣڵаûеô򵥣֮Ӵ󣬾Ȼİ˲칬Ѿ߹ģȻŲСĲġ
ҫһ㶣ͻȻ¶һַǳյЦݣĿЦˣʦҲŸҪʦԮ֮ѽʦѽʦ޿ֻܿأʦ֣һҪһ֮ѽ
˶Ƥ΢Цҡͷҫ氥֣ڵҹΪ˰ôҵʦܣǷСвͦĵİɣʦڣʦ㣡
ҫͷЦƺ΢Цлʦ֣
Ҳƺһ£΢Цˣʦܣ
ͷһںȵеľƺҫվһ׾ƺǰˣЦֵǣΪպأΪδаɣ
һ㶣漴һϲЦտ˾ƺȵɣ
һҹ˺ȵľˣĿģ̶ֱأ峿ֿʼæԼͷϵ£ڰҫûãһ˲칬ͽ֮ã˵Ƿа˵ˣġ
ҫ˵ͷͽˣҪˣԼϴһ۵꣬һЦԵúǺƣһ˰ʮԵú񣬶˾ôŰҫǰ
ҫ꣬΢΢һЦλ֮£ڵλõˣʵڱǸ
׹ǫˣϯܣλҵʦܣҶǷʦ֮ģ׹֮ǰвμҷа˵ʽ׹ݹѽЦݵʩһֺǺǵ˵
ҫ΢Цͷڵλˣ±ػ׼ʱԼ
ϯ΢Цͷ漴תͷһڵʦܣ
˷ۣƺе㲻ͷ˼תת¶һֲЦݣ֮СóһƵĿ⿴ҫڵ⣬Լðɣ
һһԵϯɫƵĵһۣ߹װûɿŰҫ˶ϵʮ˵ιðҪ˫ַϲɣ
µһ˲䣬ǰһϵѾ˰ҫϣ˲ɫ䣬Ϊҫľٶ쳣ŭ
Ȼңô㣬ߣ


ʮ ƣİˣ
ҫȡ֮ҲǷ·Ҫ˫ۣԹԵĲ˼ۣдҲܼ򵥣޷ǾðҫҪ͹μа˵ʽ
ڷа˵ĹܣҫҲһ˽⣬ʵνķа˾ǽжĸ۷֯ĿľΪ˷ֹаһҶ󣬸彨ķаͬĿꡣ
Ĵ۷һԨԴǱΪ֮ڵķֱǖ|ˡȡ𡤽¥ʥʥս
ķʵҲûпȥôŽᣬаδɨ֮ʱļұ˴֮ͻйƽҲǸĴһҪаƶ𣬺ɨҲһ
ȻͷУȻǴ˾ͱҪһУλЭ֮ߣһɖ|Σ|ľʽȻҪһĴ񣬺óų棬ҫĵһѡ
ҫϵ֮󣬶ϯ΢΢һЦڵ鷳ִͨ|ҫػЯȥԼġ
ҫôϯҲǴϲһһ˵׹ܴݹ٣Ȼٺòʦֵܶ˴ˣǣ
ҫ΢ЦͷҪʱһԴ̧°ָͣŰҫм˵ҫǰɣ˵ү֣ñүǲǽС
һҫɫ˲ޱȣ絶ֱĿߵϯͬҲдŭԼʦôôʶ̧٣Ļ˵óڣǱòС
˵֮ǰðҫǰȡûĻô֮ǰĻڳˣڰҫɱˣȥҲʲôֻΪ
ΪʲôΪĻưҫ˲칬па˲칬֮սһȻûпǵΪԼΪеմմϲ
ưҫĵԖ||մ״ʣ츳ҲͣӶԽţԼĿˣЩ˿ږ|ϣҲƽϣֶӵԸԽı䱾
|Ϊа˵ĵһƸһʱҲԽķ裬ڵˣκ˷⵱Ҳҫ
ǰҫʱԵú˵㣬ðҫ۸ҪðҫӺú£ȥҲдʸ
ϯܿǼֱţûзԼĴ󷴶ӵаǸ޿ɾҩıǰΪ绤ȴҫִ̧ϡ
ҫϯֿۣ˫񻺻֮󲻽ԵĲ豭һߴűŨ裬һͷҲ̧Цҽ֣Ǻǣʲôҽ֣ô
ҫһ䣬ϯܲûоʲô֮԰ҫʱյĵλݣʹʦ|ҲҪ֣˵ĻҲǺ
ӸλǸǸ߸ϣԼİǣҫоֹѾǷǳˣĻҲԼ˷ϻôˣ˵ҪҫֵĻʱͿֱӽնɱˡ
ϯûоҫĻʲôףȴǱĲУŰҫʢ˵ģζ챻ըˣǰԴȵԖ|ӵݣĴ֮һ㽻֣ôʸ˰ɣ
ҪʲôèܵǰҷͼҾҪֵĻһʲô¶øˣݣʸҲҽ֣
ɶʲôȻ豾үүվҪʬΣҫЦһֱӴĻ죬ŭһֱҫ
ܿ죬ڰҫȴڹûʲôֻһеĲ豭һβˮƮ漴һֻűǵֱһӣβˮȻ֮ϡ
βˮһ˲䣬ʱоԼؿڴһ˺ѷεʹ֮У֮һɾ˸˻ȥ
ͨͨһβˮڰҫֱӱҪֻ˵ҫΪ־˲٣ʱ뻯֮ҲֻһŶˡ
ۼ˶صϯ̲סһ׳գҪס֮ʱǰͬһӰҫ·˲һǰѾһֿסʺڰա
һľ֮ɫɫɷѪͷϵ亹£ʱǿԼҫĲ࣬·ǰϣԼȻСƵڰҫǰQϰ죬ˡ
ڵΪҽ֣㻹湻ģҫǸ߸ЦһëȻĸоʹʺҫĴסҲ˵
ǰһĻǰϯŵòᣬô˵Ҳʦܣ|һѪԵϵԼǲòȣҪɱ˵Ļϯܹȥ
ǣϯܶ˵ͨһصĹڰҫǰ˵׹ʦδڣ׹д֪Ҳڼʦ|ϣĹһذɣ
ҫƳһ۹ڵصϯܣĻصҪǿږ|ϣΪʦܻܻô
һ䣬ϯܶʱ䤱ǰϸһ飬治ôҫǶĿһе˵ˣٸ|һӣСʹһɣ
˵꣬ҫһһ˿𾢴ڣ䵤ڵճޣһ֮һɣӦأľ֮ɫָŰҫɤͰ͵˵㣬ҵĹ
ҫһӦøеҲŶԣʦͷʦֵ飬
һ漴еŭվǣŰҫȻҷҵĶҵţҷа˻̤ƽ˲칬ʱҪǰģҵš
ɣҫ˫ĿñһëȻɱŷŵѽһ˳ȥҪѿжѿ
ǸǱϯѾ˵ֻҡͷ̾Լʦܣǰі|棬˵棬а˵һɶҪȥԻᱻЦ
ҫҡҡͷָıӰڵ֣ʦҪһĲǣǰ;
ϯæʩһ񣬿ڵ׹ⳡ־ȷʦܵĹϣ׹Ҫ˽黳ʦԼаǷǳӰ׹ģ롣
û˵꣬ҫ԰˰ִĻڵö˵Ͱ֮ǰĻת|ɣҫСǼˣ£ҲϵģˣһбҪæͲˣ
ϯԴϲæʩ˵˼תȥҫһϯܵıӰֿ˿ǲ輸ϵȻһЦаôͿкι֮
պ󣬰ҫ°СϹ溡ͬǰУҫֻ°ȥģ˭֪Ϲ뻨쳣ļҫ
ŮԼ⣬ҫ˭ֻ±ŮˣοеǣҲͬ˶Ůһͬǰ
ЩʱЩ飬ŮҪӷܶ࣬ҲЧʣҫտʼ⣬ϸһʲôͷͬ
ڰҫǰ֮󣬰˲칬ʱδйһеȨҲǳ͵ĺܣȥҫҲһֱܰ˲칬ҫҲǷĵĺܡ
ɰҫȥûãٱ˵ǰ˲칬ϽµʡڰʱǰԼͬĳİף⵱лƮƮӰӡ
֪ӣϹǰȥ̽ⲻ֪εľٶպԼһһľ档


ʮ ĿģٻУ
ǣһؼСĳǰ˲칬ƿصʡ֮еһС䲻˵Ƿ֮أڰ˲칬Ĺ£ҲһƬ֮ɫ
ʱڵһջĶ¥һŮڴ߿·ĽУĿעŽϵһŮӡ
ŮճѡǻòݰףüĿӢΪŮȴһֲӵƣһ·˵ĴĿ⡣
κŮòγڣڿջ֮еﲢû̫֮⣬¶һֽ䱸֮ɫһŮ
ûƮƮɣδٰȻﵽˣʱҲŲСأ˵ͷ΢΢˫Ŀת΢Ц
Ե˵ڶѣûʲô˲ģҪô
ҡҡͷЦһڻصûҪð˼סͿˡ
ٵ˵ͷ˵һԵͻȻ¶һ־ȵɫע⣬ѯ֮£˵ƮƮѽ
һ䣬΢΢üٿʵ˵ܣ˼˵жˣֶ㶼޲ߣ
˵ͷָָϵƮƮڵҲ˵޲ߣܾȵˣ岻ĶѾֵԼ߳ҵľҾڵĶչҲֻѣȻǱʲôӳĵҩˡ
ʱҲ΢΢һЦֱĿ˫ˮĴۣβѣһֵĺΣܲ˼Ŀڵ㣬ôʲôֱ˵£
һЦЦе˵ƮƮǻҿɲ⣬㣬˵ܣôƮƮо綾ģѵҲͫɣ
һ䣬һԵĹҲͶ˺Ŀ⣬Ҳֻ̹ף˵ͷ˵ʱдͨһ۲֮£˫Щ֮ͬŷľԴһۣͫЧǿԿؼжصĴڣֱľ巽λȻûȫգǺܷġ
˵꣬ҲչʾһԼֻۣ˫Ŀһһͫ˲仯˫ֳͫһİɫ۰ײָ˳ֱ֮ɫ˸һаɭɭĸо
ϴ㣬ûŵǰɣȫ۵ʱ򣬾ͻ״̬Ҳģǲǿȥа
ٿԼβ˵ʱԵеңԼΨһ˾ֻʣЩֵˣǵ۹뿴൱Ŀصġ
Ǿȵӣٽ΢΢һЦ˵ʲôаħѽ˵ܣøߵظ֮ôʲôԵƶҪ˶ѡ
һ㶣ͷ˼һ漴΢΢һЦ˱ȭڵлѣСܻȻʣܽˣ
ٽ΢ЦͷʱƮƮ֪ʲôʱЦ˵еô˵죬ҺŰƺУûôҪͲͻȻʧʹô
ҪԼ̫ҪˣֻǺȥĿĶѣ˵ˣΪʲôطҰ˲칬أ˵ҵ㣬ֻҪԸ⣬뿪ʡ֮ء
ͷҲص˵ĹͬһνģƮƮǱǰǿ˲٣˵ǿɲƮƮǶԲ˿в
䳰ȷƮƮһ̬û˵ͷڵ˵еǵĵ̣ôһһȻܵǵļأҲл˵ȥĿģͨ籨ŵġ
ĲֻΪ̬˲أа룬ټƮƮ߸ĸоֱˣİԸȻ޴棬ǸӵĳΪϲ˵Ǳ仯
˰ָָ֣Եλڵ˵ɣ
ƮƮҲߵķһ£ʻֱӿ˵ڽļаǽеѻֻҪ䵥ͻչɱǵߣӦҲ֪кܶİǵĵ˰ɣ
һ䣬˶һۣ΢΢ЦеʵҺܺ棬鱨Ҫ֪аܲ͸磬ˮ©ܸ鱨ԴԺδô
ƮƮһ˵㲻ܣŲ㣬ңҲû취˵Ҷ˵ˣǣ
һ䣬ƮƮҪȥ̾Ϣһҡҡͷǰڵ˵ܣ鷳ˣ
С£˵ͷ΢Цص
ƮƮҲ˲ʶҪǿԼֻոס֮ʱͼ˸ָƮƮǰһ˹ȥ
˵ܣ¶ֶԽԽտˣҶûвأ΢΢һЦ޵ҲЦͷ֮εƮƮڵȴȥһкܶҪðм⼸гֵİˣЩһʲôΪ㱨նࡣ
䣬һ֦ʱҫѾ֮أǰҫڶأһλΪ˹ŴҴҶû͵صķ⣬ΰҫ¶ģҪúõһ
üɽΪصһʥɽа˹ҹڶüʫ续ɾһľɫ͡
ǳ֮ʣ׵˹ʵǺһ̾ǰľɫλ룬ҫ֮УüҲǷаʽĳأҫһŷ羰һ߷Ľȥ
˼Ҷ˵ü羰ˣʥɽɽ֮ƣŹȻ鰡ҫңԶһΧƺ֮еɽ壬ǺЦ˫Ŀ΢գſ˫һܵģ̾š
˼ģҲεĿЦηа˵ʽ֮иŸɳа⼸ӵ˷а˵ɽ˿νﲻ
ˣҫĸ̾˵ΧۣҲ֮ɫ˵˵üɽĽɫȷʤգĿ
ڴʱɽͻȻһ֮˻ͷȥֻһ·һΧһһŮĲͣ
ͬʱҲǰɽˣһЩ±ԵˣûȥҪŭ֮ʱȴȺ·ؿϵͼƣһǸŭԣֻĿǰֺ߹
ӽҫʱҫҲǣʶҪرܣҫ֮ǰǷ̾ҲΧмŮ۵ס
Ůһİʵ˲ҹάֻǳмƳһ۰ҫԴ΢΢ЦûУߣҹһȥ𵲱С·Ҫÿ
һҫûʲô˲ˣ˶ŮӽŭĿӣҫǰ˰֣ÿ·һƵЦǸ룡
ŮƳ˰ҫһۣҫԴĸˣһڵʶʱһؾʽʼʱ򣬸СվԶһ㣬һЩĿľٶҷа˵ĸ治֪лôãжֵܷ͵İɣ
Ů䱾ĳ̲סˣҪǰҫǵֱûз£ǰŮӺΪˡ
ҫػôȻᣬֻ֮еһ׳ײҪҫǹӭȥ׳ײ˸
׳ײҫϵʱ򣬲ûнײԼҫĻ˳ȥһɿӦһӾײһƬҲŮӡ
ڰҫɾ֮£һӾͰײµλãһ·غ«һ㣬˳Žɽ¹ȥǷǱģǵɽȺһôЦ
ҫһˣ˰˵߰ɣɽ


ʮ ⣡⣡
ҫⷬٶǴģ֮ǰǶоͷŭֻ˰ڶԷݶҷ
ֻǲңҫȴңֵûĸ֣ǺǻǶŮֻҪĵߣȥӲģοֻһŮӶѡ
ʱЩǰȺҫʼú˲٣ϾҫΪҲǼӵİǳ˿ڶͬҲһЩ¶֮ɫ˫Ŀӿ͵͵עŰҫ
епŵп֣ҫһײ֮ȥͨʵ氵صɾǱѰֽķʽھȥʱÿһ˾񾳸ֳþȫҪһʮ˸ȫײȫġ
ο⻹ҪЩ˵ĻȫʧЧֻƾȥײڰҫײǵʱЩ˿ûаķ֮ȫܹ˵ҫΪˣЩ͵͵۲жϣҫΪǳ񾳵ġ
һҫݾȫûб濴ȥôˣ񾳵Ϊ˳һĴڣеĳһûһʡ͵ĵƣЩ˻׼ҫǳ
ڵ˰ҫɲںΧ˵۹⣬ֻҲЩͶĿ⣬ķֵĳŽȥһ߻һߵţʲôÿģôô
ʱһ߳ں⣬˰ҫߣҡͷ̾ˣ̫嶯ˣ֪ոŮʲôô
ҫĿߣһ漴ҡԴص֪ܳô
˰ǳ嶯Ƿаδ|Ĺŵӣ£|Ļ̣ηǵ񲻳ɻɱ֮ѽϷȰһږ|δ֮ǰظɣ˿߲ˡ߳̾һҡҡͷɳƵɤȰ
ߵѣҫǳõģµԸ񣬶ҲĻм֮⣬˱ȭڵ֪ǰôƺԺźɣ
ۼҫûаԼľ̫һ£Ҳ΢΢һ㶣һ̾ȭ񿪿ڵϷ򶫻ɽׯׯСֵôƺ
ɽׯǰΪʲôѡַأаôҫһЦӯӯĻص
˵̾һɬ˵Сֵ֪Դаռ֮󣬱һ󲿷Ͷаһ£Ϸĵ̣ǵ࣬ĻжĵܹǨƣܱסһĶֵؾͲˣʵѰ
ҫԵ˵ͷʵҲ˵ǰ㣬񽭺ľƿûеǰɳˣаĴڣԴ̱쳣ĽţһЩʵɱѹĺܲңҲɽׯ
ȻɽׯҲǳһ֮һĳ񾳸ֲһٱǨƶѹ֮£˥ĺܣҲʮһ
ʱҫûԼȰ裬ɴ𶥣оҫǾǿԸԼʱҲΪƣгһ˿֮⣬һ֮İҫļ˵СֵǷҪǶˣˣȻҶɽׯǰϷ켣굽мֱڣһ|ҪǹϷҲ˵ûģϣ|ؽİɣ
Ǻǣֻ˽ȭͷֻ֪ȭͷӲŻ㽲ġҫЦȴЦĺͣ˱ȭ΢ЦǾͶлǰ
֮󣬶˼䣬Ѿӽ𶥵λãֻɽ֮Ѿȫֿܹ·
һͨɽڲģֻӵ˲ʸ룬һЩûˣȻڹλȻûڲôãȻҲǵȼˡ
ڰҫ˽Ҫɽڲ֮ʱһĽ⼸ͽҵģ򲻿ǽ롣
һֳʱȻһƬΧȺʶԶҫ꼰㣬ڴ˴ط˿һҲԵӵЩʱʮ˲ʽҫΧס
ҫһ˿ܵ̾ϢһҡҡͷһԵ״Ҫ˵Щʲôȴҫ裬ߴǰҶԻֻҪһԿϷãˣ֮ǰҽˣհףһҫ֣԰˲칬
סˣҫŵɫ漴صһƽеľ֮飬ԹԵվһ߲һԣıֹƺһĪľη֮⡣
Ҳõ˰ҫָʾҲһ˿֮ɫĿЩʥʥ˵߳һܺɨǣкξء
ûã֮ǰȺҫײɵĶ飬ΪףڵҫǸͷҧгݵģǲҫƤʦˡ
ʱǷֿһ·ͨЩ׳Χƣ˫ĿݺݵĶŰҫ粽˰ҫǰָıӣǳܰôˣл޷ˣСҲ裬ҿǻĲͷˡ
˵̧꣬־һǶҫֻոֱ̧۵ʱٻӰͬʱҫߣһץסµһ˦һĶ⣬Ŵ˳ȥڰҫߵٻӰϹ뻨硣
һĻɲֹΧΧȺһҫԼԼ˶һҪ˵Уг°ֻǰҫٶҲôԽܡ
ǰŮͬ£ʱеɵۣЩΧȺڿҫĽʺޣǵŮݻһôܲĽء
ؿǰҫεĿ˶ŮһۣŮǸɷģĿעŲԶ£һ˿޵ɱ⣬ҫ仰˵ֻҡҡͷ̾һ
£֮ϳһѪӡǸĿɿڴģԼ΢΢ƺʲô׶һ㣬ŰҫϹ溡ˡ
ֻ·跢Ƶģָ̧Űҫˣ֮һЪ˹֣㣬ǾȻҴңɱǣɱǣץסŮģҪָһһĶееģƤʬһ£Чȣɱ
Ъ˹ܵ˵ΧŰҫһӵϣϰд󲿷ֶʥһ֣Ҳʮ񾳶֣Ҫ˵ʵҲ㹻ˡ
ȻѰǻѹˣƫƫ˰ҫһˣҲֻ˵Ǻܲˣֻ˵ºܲˡ
ǣǲУˣ˾ˡ˷׶׳ǣҫһЦ
ţҰɣ΢΢һЦڻص
վЦͣŰҫ˱ѹȻԼŰǣûãϵЦݾסˡ
ǰͻȻһϸܵĳ쵶âռߣŭ˺һ㣬ЩûһӣâʧϰȫڵϰͣϺ˵ĵҲǴĿġ
Ҳֻ˶ѣƤⲻǣֻʧȥжѣļ侫׼һģǰ۵Ŀӡ
Щȫ֮ѾֽţֻŽɽڲȥǱ㣬Ҳʵڹ˲ôˣҫ˿񣬱䵽е֣ڿ˵
Сֵܣҷа˵ˣδҲ̫˵ɣ浱Ӳɣѡ
ͻȻûܳһֳԵĻ£һдϲ̧ͷкʦˣﱩͽͼı죬αҪˮ㣬ӺȰ裬ʦΪ
ܱ³ʦˣҲһ˶ѣǱķ֮һ⽫ҪλаһְĖ|


ʮ |ǿƵİҫ
ʱ»һ䣬ҫ˽Ǵ󷭰ҫǼҪģûôҪģȸ״һңҫЦһڵ֮ҿɲʲô
ڰҫ֮ʣ|ٴδдֻЦЦףصھ֮ϣƼ侪ˡ
ڰҫΪ˿ûܵʲôӰ죬ЩΧȺǣһЩΪ͵ģȴĿ಻ԣһ˹ֿȻѪڣޱȡ
ãһ֮ҵ֪ǺźɾȻ̳ܽĵӣʦǴͷǽͽ޷СԱŰɣ
|Ļ֮󣬰ҫЦˣЦĺܲãЦΧ˽һ㶣ԶҲҧгݵĵŰҫ֪
ҫˣ漴Դ΢΢̧΢Ц°˲칬ҫʦơɣ
أ
ڰҫ³Ǹֵһ˲䣬һĵӰصڰҫǰ׿⣬Ϊ׵һδ󺺣֮ɫĿҫܵΧȺҲͬޱȡ
ҫһ⴫˵еĖ|ֻ|߽ųߣ׳˶Ũüٸˣһֲŭĸоò˵͵ĲС
ҫڴ|Ҳڴږ|аҫһְСĸо֮аҫȴһɲĸоʵǿȲ˵Ƿݴݲȵȣ࿴
ʱ˾ôζû˵һ仰һԵһַ·˵Űҫз·˾ξˣþòƽҫ˵Լݵʱ¾ͱŵĲûڵأڿɺԼߵˡ
ҲԴУҪģֻһ˫ۻĿŰҫЦ˵ǰҫǰҫˣտ˵˭ᣬб¾֤һԼҲֻһȡСˡ
⻰Χ˵Ŀ϶ʵҲ޿ɺǵģڰҫ֮󣬽лˮǺȥˣҪóʲôʵԵ֤Ͼҫʱڽ߶֪Ҳġ
|Ե˵ͷ˫ĿֱĶҫ˵Сֵܣ˵ԼǰҫȷҪ֤һ¡
ҫ΢΢һЦû˵ԵȴЦһڵдǲԼô
˭֪ǵǲ͵ģһ׹СʧˣǼ񵽣ˮ㣬հ׹˭ȥ˷Ӧһ̵
üеŭѾƽµĿɶ̶ȣе㳬ļޣ̧һҪһɫʱȴֱҫ̧е㲻ԡ
ҫЦеʵҪô֤ѽ
Ƴ˰ҫһۣǸ߸߹Цݳ˳֮⣬ڵߣ֪˲칬ҫ׹ľ񹦶ֻҪܡ
䣡
һӲĴµĻ𾢳԰ҫֲѹΧΧȺںݺݵ˺üֻ˲ǿվ
|·һվԭѹһ˿ζļûУֻһ߲סΣģôһ˿Ǳ
¾͸˵ˣֱӱ˸Ʒ˳ȥϵϯܵ˸ֻǴʱ˿̵Ѿŵ˵ˡ
ʱܸоҪͷˣɾҪϯܵʱһη֮˸Ӳ˹صˤڵϡ
»عʱ򣬷ԭԼʦ|ԼأҺߵ쳣·һ㣬ʹµѣŵҴɾҪʱ򣬖|ȴ˵ţ
͵Ĵ˸֪ÿԼʦ¶Ŀ˵ʱȻǶŭҲҷؾص泯ҫá
ҫҲѾԼĻջأʱ˿ûٻݣֻǰҫЦѾˣֻƳһ£ֿ|˵а˵Ĵ֮Ұҫˡλŵ˵Ҫɱ֮ʬһ£˵ҪҵԼҵѶʮָǰŵİ
һǺ£¶֪ͣˣ|ҲǺݺݵĵһۣږ|ȭҪҫʾ֮ʱҫȴֻ̧˻ΣҪ˵ĻӲĸ˻ȥ
ҫ˫Ŀ絶Ƹǿ᲻ȣôĶŖ|ţ|ǰҾǰּҪηа˵֮λҾ͸ӣԭȥҰ˲칬һս
Ƕ֮аռݱңֻڶʵ̲ˣҪһպҰ˲칬ȫս
ҫһ䣬ȫһƬȻֻĿŖ|ôճ|أˣҪ֪ҫ˵սɲԷа˵ģ˵˵ġ
ҪǴûӮҪ֪ҫ߿ֻ޳׽ǵĴڣֻ֮޴ڣҫֱаˣֺοء
ԮԼҫаǻԮ֣ҫԵĽֻ˵ĻֻԹۣͲķ֮ٵˣ֮λԼĿڴ
ҫҲҪսаˣҪǳԮ̫߳ȫܵģԖ|ǲò£ҲòҫԼİ˲칬ǲġ
ǣ|ϣŭȵͽ׹ͷҪǲԭ㣬͸ҿΪֹ
˵꣬»һ飬ŰҫͷֹôҲ֪ԼǴͷֱ죬ûöͷϵƤѳѿǸѪģޱȡ
׹ͽ㽻ãҪɱҪϤ㣬׹֮𣬡
Ǳ߿ޱ߿ͷ£ҫü漴̾Ϣһ˰֣һᾢ𣬰ҫǱģеҲһ롣
ҫηηԼ£ֿĖ|ҡҡͷڵ|ǰǰϣԺҪٷҪκ˵ϡ
ʵ֣֮û˸֮Ҫ֪˾ԼǸӲָ֮аЩʲôԾڴˣҫˡ
|˵ͷŰҫ˱ȭɫ׹˵½ͽ巽ð׹ЦˣԱס׹ЪϢһչµľʽ
˵꣬|ϯˣҫǰȥסĹϵһ·ߵĵ֮ǰһĻҲŵòᡣ
֪ԼΪж޴|԰ҫҪɵֿͿģԼҲҫȻϣҲѾָ˹
ֻԼ΢ĩУǰҫĶ֣·󣬾±ҫҫҲֻûиƽϰˡ
ҫ˼һ飬Ȼ֮ǰԼǿѹ|ܸо|˲ûб濴ȥô򵥣Ըܿ˳ǸͲ֪ʲôɫˡ
ͬһʱ˲칬һ֮УƮƮ˫۶ݺݵĶǰеŭҪǻΪʵʣվŹɽֻĳ߷ס˽֫˹ڵأ¶ãҲֻܸɵˡ
ʲô˼ҺĹ㣬Ȼ𱨽ıˣƮƮŭȵʱǺ޲ҧһ
ҲգһŵӶƮƮǰЦװƮƮ㻹ݣаıϹΧɱң㵱Ҳ֪ô


ʮ üƣð
֤أʲô֤֤аıƮƮ²㣬Ҳ䱻裬ҸԸһƮƮԴǵ˵Ҳһ˿ƺĲ衣
һ΢Ц㻹йѽҵӣûأҪ֤ǰɣܱǸû֤֤Ƿиаıû֤Ҳ֤ûиаͼıѽ
ЦеģƮƮݺݵҧҧ漴˫ĿһգԴ𣬵˵Ҳ޻˵㶯ְɣ
һģһЦ˳˰ֿڵֻǻѣûҪɱ㣬ôһ͵ģɶҪɱҲֲһ̿ʼɲ㡣
һ䣬ƮƮһ˫ĿоڿϷˣԼеŭǰδеǿң㵽Ҹʹ죬ңұƼˣұıƳҼʹԱҲҪ㵱汳һɢ
΢Цҡͷ漴ǰ㿿ƮƮ˵ԱǺǣҲҪѽԱûϵԣҵ汳
㵱Ҳô
ƮƮһһӣ˫üšһԼûˣתһ˿һ·ԼԵһ㣬ȫоĴڡ
ҸʲôƮƮŭҧ˵
ȻһЦָָƮƮϵļ˵ǷħۣڵľΪûѵģһͨʮķѹƣûһ˿һԱͺ
ħۣлʱĽڷǳķӡһħסûгڵΪ޷ѣͬʱͨķΣ޷תͬˡ
ʱվ˸չһ½ǣҲƮƮǶҪ̻ת֮˰֣ͷҲص˵ˣ͵ɣ죬ɱŶѾԸȥˣֻҪ뿪ң˱ὫɱﰲĴŰɣгкȣҲأ
ҵʱƮƮһ˵
صϸ˵滰ʱ򣡡˵꣬ҲԹԵĴҵʯţ˳ȥ
ҵʯ֮֮쳣İƮƮʯſһᣬֻһܣһѪĺ⣬Ц͵ɣò˶ãͻһһģڴһĵٺ٣
֮߳ǰһ߷ֱվһרŮӡ
ɱСЩŮӣڰ˴дѵʱʵԼ׺սҫ˿˶զ಻ѣʵ֮ǿֻڰҫ֮£°ȼ硣
Ůǣʵǿս׺һ䲻׵İҲ־Ľ̵£ʵС
ʱܹʮŮӷվ߰ͨ˿֮߳һ̧ͷͦأվıֱóõľ״̬ԼĶͷ˾
ǵĿУʹǵ˾ͬʱǵżǳԽĿ꣬񽭺ŮأŮ߽֮ᱻӡ
ȻҲиӳΪµ۷ǿ֮һֻǸѣ󲿷ֵŮ֮ǻ⵽ƽȵĶԴҪıһУͱҪиǿʵ
ʵ츳оŽǰʮ֮УһְԻΪ˵جΣҲȻΪһŮкܣⷽص۷֮ϡ
ˣĴ£˽ǱһɾҪ֤Լ֤ʲôü
Թһߵͷ˼һͨȥֱٽʱĻŴͨκ˶ý֮ڣסκˣ
֮
ʮŮ뻮һĵϥأȣص֮ͨڣ漴ˢˢվֱ֮羵һ㣬̾Ϊֹ
֮߳ͨӭҶ˶ǸԸһм֮۹ƣεҡҡͷڵϴʲôô
ٿһԵҶڵ˵ɣ
Ҷ˵ͷڵŹɽⲿϵѾȫ¹ˣһһ˰ѷλԼʩͼֽùȥϽģҲһ°ɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵһ׼ʱģˣƵǸħ൱ĲԽ׶ˣ˰ĸȥȥȡԴɣ
Ҷһ˵ͷ漴˺һһƣٵ˵ͷǰһڵոյ䴫Ϣ֮ǰЩİĪļʧˡ
һʱüͷ漴ʵǸô
ҡҡͷڻصǣǷǳͻأʧˣ˶ͬһʱʧģƺԤıӣȫѲ顣
ԵԴָĵŶͷͻȻüͷչЦѰ˶ͬʱʡ֮صоݵ㷢һϢ˵κṩЩİ˵ĶֻҪϢʵɵõı꣬ȺǵǵߣǰЩ˸ڳ
˵֮󣬹Ҷ漴΢΢һЦͬʱͬüƣ
һ֦ؿü֮ϣһͥԺ֮ڣҫں԰Ĳݵϣһûһţ˵ĻΧյľʽԼķչ
ǰôûķţΪⷽص۷֮һصһۼûѽ°źɵڲݵϣ˵š
˱ʵֻһЩ񾳻߳񾳵˳ų棬ŻɻȥɣпһɽԵ΢Цص
°˵ͷ˵еΪʲôô߽ͼĲصôе㲻̫ѽ
ʵҲûʲôģڰһ˺Բܸӷȥܶ£ңƣҲ׵ĺܣһʹɱ˶ˣԼҲȫҫһŴ֮£һеĿڽš
ԣǵ˵ͷоҫ˵һԵȴڵǵõʲôΪ֪Ϣ˲ò¶Ӧøайذɣ
ţ˵ķĹϵǳãˮݣҪаٰѹȣʹǲòϣǻڻ๥أ
ʱϹҲԼ뷨ҫһü⣬Ϲ΢ЦСϢѽ
ŰҫԼϹС΢죬Դص֮ǰڷа˵Ще֪ġ
ҫ΢Цͷǿһ漴΢ЦʵǶаΪ
ĵ˵ͷҫʵôǵ˭ķô
Իһۣ֮ҡҡͷҫ˵Ҳ˵һ˶˵Լķ֮һֻ˴ƤߣҲ˵Լķ֮һ
һ˽üͷ°ɫأڵʦܣ˼˵ǿǼðģνľʽҲĿģ
ҫ˰֣΢ЦҲֻǲ²ѣҲµûôľʽֺȤ飬ȵ죬˵ͻнˣǻ˳Ȼɣ
˵˵ͷҲֻˣҫĻ֮˼ֽ䱸֮⣬ʱúܿ죬һѵ峿ҫϴ֮󣬽ʽĻ᳡
ʱĻ᳡Ϊɽ˺ģ֮ҫҲҪȥ˼ˣ|Ϊǰһѵλãλܹ᳡۵ףӽǼѡ
һ֮ǰĸŸɼˣھ͵ķǳʼⷴа֮λľʽˡ


ʮ ɵĳ֣ʽ
ü𶥣⴦ŵľַѾа˵ķ׵ķһ飬֮ϵľ޴㳡ƽɽ⣬һڲۣγǰ⸱ؾ
ܵĻɽϣɢɢʮΧŹ㳡£ǵĴǳãв輸Σкò裬רõỤ̊ɼЩɵӡ
ڱɾûôõĴˣʣټ·㳡֮ϣΧһ̨פЩɶֻһЩȽĳһԼһŲϵĶҲн֮
ɽЩУҫ˵λԼܵĴõģ㵹ûʲô飬ϾҫʵǣõĴҲǺģû˻᲻
ʮҲǵ񽭺ʵǿĳһÿһҶһȻ񽭺֮ϣа˲칬аҶռͷ
ݺ֮һЩɲֻǵ͵ֻҰףԸմȾ׵ĶԹЩɵͷȻûġ
ȻԣǵĵȴСʵҲ൱Ŀ͹ۣҪ˵ȣȴŲСĲࡣ
ֻǵʲô̫ãҪǰЩɼһƵĻԻڰ˲칬Լа֮ϵġ
ǰʮаϽνɣаݵҲزȥˣϾҪҰ׵ӣҲҪӿɹУҪǱа̣Ǿ½ˡ
ʱҫڵͷ˼ʲôѲЩδŵ֮üͷĸˣ˲٣¹㳡ϵģɽڱϵԳ֮
˵񽭺ааˣԼԼİ˲칬⣬ʣ˽˳࣬аʱܽϷǿһ򾡡
һ˵аǷа˾ͽֻΪ˸һʲôʽʦڵĽЩĿĲŶԡ
ҫһʱҲ벻Ȼ˦˦ͷ̾Ϣһ㳡̨˼ҫɫ쳣һҲô˵ôһŰҫĿ⿴ȥ
ûãǰȫ֮ǽͷӶ֮ﲻֳҲԵЩʱ̨֮ͻȻ׹һھ޶޶ֱʮ׿⣬ߴʮףȥ·һСɽһֱ׹¡
Ȼһ޶ݺݵ̨֮ϣ˲һ쫷һĳϯܣ̨ڸǣ·ըһ쳹𶥣ֳʱһƬȸ
ھ޶ûãٴδһƬƷʮϡס𡢺۵꼱׹£ʮΪһ飬ھ̨ʮҵľʱʩչѧ̨ȥ
µаЦһһŤתΪĵɫỤ̃·һƲֱͣ棬Ũɢȥ֮֮ɢŵɫĶаɭɭһּĸо
Žװ꣬һߴ࣬ԲֻǳХһһ㴫ķ˸ҫ۵Ľ⣬ʵ·Ŀʯһ㣬ݺݵڵ֮ϣ̨ѹĸСһİӡ
ŰµɢһɵǳŵƮȻ䣬ǸᣬƵģṦ߲֮С˽Ÿ߰ͷ­ЩǰȺżֲм֮⡣
źµһҾƣܵĻ𾢴һּΪȵĸо֮оϯܵĴڣʱ쳣䲻ǲЦı飬ԵüΪᣬ˻ΪĵֱȥȻһ׹ڵء
ŽȻͬƣȵ̨֮ϣƶʢƺˣǽżһ̨֮ʱһӣķ֮λ£ȵӭ٣
µһ˲䣬ٴδĵƷԖ|Ϊףһϯ۵ıһϯ۵Լһ۵ʥږ|һ쳤ۣȥ쳣ҫۡ
ʱ׹ٶԽԽǽ̤¥ƵһߵʱԶİҫͻȻһü⣬з˫ۣ¶һĪ΢Ц
λͬҷаʽλͬڱ˵ıϣعأ˸мԱþƲˣʽ֮ҵٺúһ̨ʮ׵ľʱͣסΣ|ȭܣнڵ˵
|쳣˵ĶУڳ˻Ƿǳڵģږ|ûã˽ǲһԵȴʽĿʼʱҪ˹£ô³൱ҡ
ֳ֮󣬖|Ŀ˿ˣ漴תǿھ޶̧һָ޶ԲڣһƻâֱУʱһֱ֮ϣɢγһƬƣһĻЩ̨µ˷׷¶֮ɫ̾|ʵǿ
˾̾ѣɽϵȴǲΪȻ˵Сֶ˶ᣬֵһᣬҫȴǺȤĿǵ˵Ȥ
ŰҫζЦݣԽԽãˣ˶֪ҫʲôҫҲ˿ûҪ͵˼˸ӵĺֻǰҫƺҲ˵Ǵ˵ȲҪʣϣǿһϷ
Դ㿴ңҿ㣬һЦҡҡͷѹеɻ󣬴ʱږ|ȼǿھ޶֮󣬻죬Ⱥˣϯķһʹ֮С
ʱüֱһӣһɴɫ̨Ե˸ס˶ʱеʹһ֮ӿͷ̹
һĻҫһаǱ𾢰赭дʩչԸ㳡أ
ʱ|ʽڻ֮󣬖|ջػ𾢣ڻɢȥ֮ǿھ޶֮гһǳ֮ɢŽӲӵĹâ
֮Ҳûʲô˵ģνʽǰϷѾǳˣĲҲ͸ͨŽʽ࣬㣬죬һݽŪ˰ʱǽӽβ
Ȼεľʽڹ㳡ϵ˵Ǵ۸һĽ֮ɫɽϵʮƺȤȱȱ·ڰʱƵģҫҲߣӦòֻô򵥡
ֹԼĪһʱ䣬һܼҰģʽ|Ϊа˵֮ǹ㳡϶ʱ׶ɽϵʮ·һ̣ߵһɶҲҫˡ
Ҳǲ|ӣǺʵʣǴǰĿĿɲǿ|ⷴа˵֮λѣǻбĿģһЩ˵ǳҪĶڵȥȡ
|Ҳ⣬Ҳ֪ЩͼΪΣ˸еǣҫ˴һֽдţǰʱ֣ͥԺһҪ̣
Ժ󣬶ܸȤǰȥԼʱԼʱʱеһַǳŵķΧ˷ֱվݶ֮ϣΧ֮ƣ˰Χ
Ժмҫ˫ָˣͷҲص˵λҰҫƽᱻŪǾɵǾпʲôôɣ


ʮ ðƻ
׹Ҳ˼|üͷһ˵ıʥҲͬɫƣעŰҫ
ףǺǣãҾúף
ҫ䣬һͻȻʧǰ͵һͬʱ𣬳зȥǲŸոշʮ׵ĸ߶ȣӭͷײһ͸㡣
һ¿ײͷۻ˵棬Ĺֶתأͬʱ̧ͷգϳһ֮ɫһȦȦռɢǿռ֮Ŀռϡ
һĻҲ𾪵һˣǾʱĿҫո˵ĻʱͻȻʲôһ֣Ŀ
ص棬̧ͷ֮ʱҫӰǰֻ˵̧һݺݵš
͵ĵһѤĻ浶ȻֻһһʵǰԵף׺ƥ
գ
ۼҧҧŤ֮ʣһĴ׺ӿһ֮ʲ壬ҫһҲ㺮֮ϡ
ږ|Ϊܵסҫһʱ˭֪ǰһĻǴʧɫǵ͹˰ҫ
еĻǣҫѵһ·жһ㽫ն͸Ȼ켣еƫƣҲûƫ̫̫Զصնļϣʹһ졣
˺ѷεľʹûȥ֮ľ뼡ͬǧѵиİѾʼݻľ塣
ʱҫһסԵ쳣ɣϼֱ޻֮Ҳûţ˫ֳצһһǿ罫ҫס
ԭѰҫԼߣʥ|չƣɲϵҫȴһվԭأ·һ㣬㶼ûƶļ
ȻļƻûгɹǸ˳Ļᣬһҫһܣ󵹷ɳʮ׿⣬˹İ
ҫǿɭһЦһԼȥһµ΢΢һֻ¾ΣҲûʱǶ˼ҫθ֮ʣ|ʥһһлҫ
˵Ҳɣ|ʥȻȭ֣ȻȻͬǵȭȴǷǳҰҫҲ֪ȭãҲʩչ
˵ѩѱ׵Ůޱޱѩѱʥ֮ϣʩչȭХȭ|ʥʩչȭ
ֻ|һȭȫ汬黯һֻͻѪڵĳŰҫȥɻ۳ľ޻ʵ˴Ŀģ|һȭ޿ƥеƣҫͷ­
ХȭһХأ
ʥ˫ȭȭӰݺǵصĳŰҫȥƾ֮࣬ÿһȭǴһֲּ˺Ѿ磬ǼĿ貵Ľ棬ƺòˡ
ХȭХ
˹ƿͣҫԵôޱȣֻβͣӿ˼֣ߺȭһۣ˫۽棬˫ָڿֱۣ֧񽣰˽뷢ƥһָĵâ˵ȭչҵײ
ƥĽâ׾ٵı㽫˵Ĺ߽⣬ڰҫ֮£񽣵ĳ̶ȣŴȵâ߽˶˵ĹƣǽǸݺݱˣмæңǱ쳣
ֱʱ򣬖|Ÿо˰ҫǿû뵽԰ҫȻӵΪ빦ʵľѡ
һеķֻڵʯ֮䣬ҫ˖|뱱ʥŲһϢʱ䣬һϢ֮Ѿ˱ǰ¶֮ɫżһ㣬ֱȥ
ҫЦһһգۼٴγǰ֮ƾӸ£˳ƺ˵Ļ𾢰ӡֱ飬һƼͣ𾢸Ǳƥε޴ӡ
ơƸǶ
԰ҫһƣɫأҴ⣬ֻ֮͵ıһһɵɫ֣ҫһڹʱǺ˵Ļ˲佫ûֻǻȴָڵ
Ŷͦ
ҫһü⣬оԼƾ·ݽ̶֮У˿ƾ߳࣬⵹ее⣬û뵽ȥвŮļһе㱾¡
ֻǰҫҲ˵֮һ裬ҫջƣ̧͵ǲ֮ϣŵİ˽ȥȾ͸룬أȻṳ֣̂ǱȾɺ֮ϡ
ȡ޲ս޵У
һŵľѪˣ֣Ҳ֮ɢȥҫЦͣһ֮䣬һٴ׷
ʱ䣬ҫһ㣬ӰƸ಻ƥɽһȫûз֮мܶҫǾ˵ƺıˣòҡ
ȡǧ£
ҫһдɵڵ˿ڰҫһе֮ͻȻɼǿȭѹ֮ǿ涼ƿһ㣬¶Լ׿ⴥĿĵӡ
ҫһʹûͷ֪˭Ȼǖ|ʥ˴ʱŭɫͬʱХȭǿһʽȭ춯أƷ׺ȭӡһ貵Ľ⣬һ͵Ļ𾢣ҫıš
ۿȭӡҫѲһ׵ľ룬ҫȴûлعΣֻ˫һţ˲ų׻򣬻ȻֻƻСǹɺ˵ĻȴһֻϢ
С
ҫֳֻ˫һӣϵĻƿնͺȭӡ֮ϣ˴˶Ժ֮£ֲĻƣϯķޱȣ쳣ľˡ
|ʥҲԵĳһϮˣǵȻϲϻ˵ϯֻգ֮ѱ׷ϣֻ˹ֿ
ɵ͹СĻ𾢣ʹ뱾£ɱյĽп಻ԶԶ˳ȥȻأҲܵˡ
ʱҫһסʺƵĽһ˵⼸ðƻȻˣͻƹܷаˣҶ򲻹ȥЦˣϻˣңҪ˵ڶ顣
|ƣϳ˲֮ɫԹݺݵĶŰҫţǻ治ܶ԰ҫҫˣ֮֮ǰսԿȫǰҫĶ֡
ɻ˵ķӵеʵ۷Ȼ۷ô˱Ȼ뻯֮Ĵߡ
Ǹҫսʱֳսֻǳ۷ѣǵʵ̫ԶҲǰҫǼԭ֮һ
ôǵģ|ҧʵ
ôҵһɵľ㣬Ė|뻯ΪȻҷ뻯ɲġҫһЦ
ƾһô|ʵ
ҫЦͣ˵Ȼֹһ㣬ϵľʽõ뻯ȻҪ̤յǳЦˣиոһͷײֵܲµĿռϣǲ߱ռ֮ĸ뻯ռ֮ô
һ|˵ɫʱҪѿжѿ˰˵ôעŰҫ֪òýʵ˵Ǿ岻ʱһԵü̧ͷҹա
ɣҾ˵ġ
ǿôģȻﵽ˰뻯ĳ̶ȡ
ֻǱʵǿô򵥣ͷҲأ
ǿסɣ
һĶԻǳͻأĳ˵Ķߣ˸еһãȻͻȻҹ֮У֮һƬֱʮ׵Ŀռɢ֮л¡
һ֣ҫ˽һΪ곤һģһߡ͡ࡢ̬Ҳһģһ


ʮ ͭ룡
ã׹֮ǰ㿪˸СЦҪŶҽһ£ҽλҵֵܣֱͭ񣬳μ棬ָŶ֮Ϊ׵Űҫ˱ȭ΢Ц
ҫȭ񣬿ڵǾķɣ
˰ָָ֣|˿ڵǲǣǲأ
ҫüֹҲͰˣһģһҲͰˣ˵Ļҫе㲻ԡ
Ҳǰ˼ҫüͷڵ
ѽҪǰǰĽȻ۱֣㸸һģ˵ǰҲӦãǳҲѽôǰǰĽԺԺôҶѽ˼һΪͷӣѵġЦе˵
⻰Ѱҫ˵ˣֻǰҫˣӦ˵ͬҫڵ˶ˣǰͭʦֵܣǻʵ뻯
ֳֻ̬·ͯһ˵ΪԽԱԽǣ˾ǱۣΪԽԷӵĻ
ҫҲûʲôҲôһһҲ̫ϲɣ˵ʲô˵ʲô޹˼ɣҪġ
ҫǰһģһ꣬΢ЦͷڵԺֱˣλǰӦòɣ
ԽһЦڵûʲôģƺѣôжνҲƽЩġ
ҫ΢ЦͷʵָոյĻʲô˼е㲻̫ף֪ϸ˵һ¡
ǵͷ˼һأ֮ƣ߼ϣƲƲ죬ţңҪ˵ܾõġ
ȻڱԹǰһ˵ԵɣûڣһԵĖ|ææ˵ʦ壬ܱ˵֪ѽ
һ䣬Ҳ¶ɫǵӣƺҲ̫˵ڵ飬|ĳƺʦһţҫҲƺ뵽˵ʲôֻǲҿ϶Ҳò졣
ۼ|죬ͭˢˢĵ˖|һۣӣƺܵ˵壬|˺һ仰Ҷ˵ҴҲģͷ˵ֵܻǺŵġ
֮Ҳǖ|ǸģŰҫ΢Цͷ漴˿֮󣬿˵ʵأģǵȷķֻͷĳǵʦ֣ʦֵĹŵӣʦǰиǣǺϡ
ڵһʣʦͬʦһȺ⵽ֻ֣֮ĸԼʦֵĸŵӽѣʦڻʱͬս
˵ֵ¶֮ɫһۣǲޱȣۼͬʦֵһԼȴ죬öɲϣʦʦֵƴڻ֮²ųɹѣֵܸе
ҲǸʱ˷ܷͼǿȻɣһ๦ҲǺﵽ뻯֮λⷽص۷֮С
˦˦Դٻȥ˵ʦǰҲ˵Ժڶǲò֣һг֣ǱҪػˣУס˵
˵ֱ׵㣬˾ǱķһĽɫҪԼҪǲ۸˾ǲƽڶͣһоͺǳȫûа취ȥҲʧ͸
ʦǰ˵ҲһػǣֵֻҪػʮ͹ˣ۳ɳ涼ɵǣʱһҲͿжӣȥԼĵ·
ʮҲǻ˲У˵Ϊ˶뻯齨۷ĵλʵҪսĻҲͳһˣûб濴ȥôǿ
ˣʮ˾ǵΣҲн˵Ļ֮ƣԴҲķɿ죬ʵҲǴоϧǻΪǴӦʦ֣ʦǰУǱҪɡ
һеǰˣʵ򵥵˵иǵֻȴð׹ˣʵڱǸΪԼ㶨û뵽Ū棬ء
˵֮󣬖|˽ǺһԲѵֻڸضȥҫ쳣ֵܣΪס˳ŵҲȥɣ˵жҵسŵˡ
ʱҫֵܱȭ֣ʩһֵأֵҲǷǳòıȭ˫Ȼһϧĸо
λ֣ðһ䣬ػʮ꣬ʱ޻ʣأҫʵ
Ļݺݶһ£˵ʵڵģķнȫǿֵΪǱݻҪûˣνķǸЦ
Եҫʵʱ˵вһǿҵĲ֮У֪ʣµӻжãҲҪʲôС
Żɣϸһ󿪿ڵ
׼ȷ˵ʮ졣һԵͭûİһۣ廰˵
ҫ˵ͷٴʵʱ޵ˣλʲôô
һ䣬ķ˲ᵽɤۣһ΢Ŀ⿴ҫһַǳǳõ뷨ԺУҫҪֵܰɡ
ôǾΣˣûֵܵıɡܳŵȥôȻܣǿɶΪԼݻǵĴڣԺӿɾûôˡ
ҲˣǴúɽˮһ£һݰ˷֮أҲʲôɣЩǺˣʱ޵Ժ˵ɣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦǺðɣλպʱҲԵµİ˲칬ȻҲûбʲôĿģֻλֽѣλ
԰ҫ룬ֵֺǺǵĵ˵ͷϴ𣬴ЦǱȻģ׹İ˲칬ǿѾأΨһɹаĽ׹ѽǾأ
ȻҪȥڴܾˣһ˵
ģһҪʶһֻأͭ˫ĿŹЦ
ʱһϾߣôˣԴǵ˵
һһı̬Ѱҫ˸Цˣû뵽ô˼뻯ߣֱĸͯ
ȻˣǾ˵ˣʱֵܱȻŰݷãôձ㵽ɣɫҲˣͲװ׹ϢˣǸˡŰҫ˱ȭ΢Ц˵ҫҲ΢Ц
˫֮һ֣ռʱһգۼķԼֵʧ٣ҫҲƣҡͷԭνķܣλǳʶˡ
ʱڶüϵһУһռɢֵܴķ֣һ֮ڣķһ˰̵ɥģֱü
ˣһˣҪѧҫһͣǾ뿪ҲܰˣԺҫ߶߶кôġҡҡͷ˵֮һɸֵζ
һԵ״ͬҲ̾ϢһڵǼסʹܸҫãҲԲҪ񣬷дģˣվ͵ȥϢɡ
Ի뿪ˣֵܿʼЦ̸ڰҫһдţĵ𾢣˿ûзʱǵԹ֮ɫ
ͬһʱ䣬ʱ֣˲칬ƮƮڣŹǷ۾˵˵ƮƮʲô鲻˵ôҹ˯ǺܲòģҿǻͷŶ
ƮƮ̾һڵ̹ףҵȷǹа֪ǵļƻԴȥǵؾݵ㡣


ʮһ Լ⣡
ƮƮǻɢһ˯⾡˾עƮƮþã΢΢һЦڵҺܺ棬ǷֿʱѣΪʲôͻȻҪ̹һУʾ̹ô
ƮƮһۣ˵ûʾңͨһЩ飬ԲŻ̹ס
Ŷͨʲôˣ˵һ£µ΢Цʵ
Ҳûʲôֻе㲻ˣҵڼʲôʵҸ㣬ҫûʲôޣұɱ֮𣬰˵ҫӦҵĶ˲Ŷԡ
ǣȥҿǱǳԽѹҸеһַǳЦĴܸУָоʵ塣
ʦ־Ϊ̫ǿԸӰҫ֮£Żᵼֱҵ³Ҳصĸޣ˶ѡƮƮ˵ûһ˿֮⣬ȥЩƺķԷθĻ
֮󣬲ûеһʱ̬з˫ֱۣĿƮƮҲעɻôרעᶨһʱҲʲôֻʱա
̵ľô˵˵ааƻɣôǹᣬʲôĿģ˵ɣ΢Цͷڵ
ƮƮ̾һ˵ͷڵտʼаľ֮һκӵó񷱦Ľ뽣ʾԼ룬ֳҫ
Ӧˣͬʱ֣ǵע⣬ͬʱɳһǵΧһͬǵעؾݵ֮вһŰҫμӷа˵ľʽ֮ʣչͻϮɱ
֮ΧڵЩӦϣʳӵеʡ֮أȻǴǵľŹɽܽھŹɽϡ
ʱֻҪκ뿪ŹɽǱչϮɱǹԮܽʱ˲칬ơ
ƮƮ˵üͷϸһ漴Цһڵһвս֮κӵͷԻ治򵥣ôһ⣬ҪʵشңĻ˵ô
ƮƮɫһ˫˫Ŀ˵ʲô⣬ֱʰɣֻҪ֪ľ
Цеĵͷ˫зŵ˫ۺתͣƮƮëֱһεɱ⽫֡
һ⣬㲻żشңȻ㣬ҲԼ㳹׳ҸҫʱĵûˣİҲûˣҲûʲôѣô㻹ʣʲôҪ±ӵҲô
ĻƮƮĿɿڴ˵ôĿֱ뿪֮Ҳûлع
˵ǰ㣬ˡˡѶڵʱôԼĴôԼСΪģĺô
峿˲칬֮ϣ豭һ裬漴ǰˣǰйˣһϵܲˣټҶܹʮˡ
˲칬һи߲ȫˣһͽӵͨ˵Ҫ̣˱㼯ڴˡ
ϴƱİ˵٣ȷô²豭ٿʵ
ٵ˵ͷڻصѾȷˣЩ˷ֱڶǳأٺأ֮ǰ֮£ǵɱ¶˳Щϰոٱˡ
ȻһЦͷ˵ţܺãͽһǣһԺҪͬ鷢𵽸õЧ
ҪȥôҶĵʵһɺ˵ɱ⡣
ͷ˼һ󣬵˵ͷڵɣģһ˽Щ壬ܻ׽ãûɣ
һ俴ܲѣ˯ʵ˵ͷӦҲ΢΢һЦֿ٣ڵϴǼƮƮȥһط˳Ҳǵ˲öÿ˴ʮ͹ˣ
Ե˵ͷ֮˲칬һĸ߲·£˴ƮƮԼԼǣʡ֮һСɽ֮С
ƮƮĻ˵ò˶κӵ˸ϵ˵أԹİҫ˽нɱͺκӵѾ׼˰ҫ·˵ƵģͷҪɡ
üɽȵĵΣȺɽƵһ۵Ŀ˵ɽȷϿȣӵ˵һǳõķ㡣
ȿΰɣ磬鷳ˣһܵɽ壬תͷҶģ΢Ц˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڻصҰɣ
һ䣬ҶĴʮҹͬʱεض𣬳˷ȥҶĵṦǲ˵ģɿ쵽Ӱ֮վ
µҹṦҲͬ˵ãŲĹ򣬾ѽȫʧǰٶ˵ҹԳƵǰ˴֮ġ
һ֮Ҷĵ˻صǰһ񣬲ǴĵͼǷǳϸ£ҲжҶĵ˵ṦһأϾ֮£Ҫͼɲʲô˶ġ
ǵͼ֮ϸĿǸģƺ˼ʲôûãָУڵ磬ʲôΣһ˿ۼô
ָ΢Цͷڵǡ
һ䣬ָתԼĦ޾ȵĦ޾Ӱ󣡡
Ħ޾ʮӦǣһʮȫΧһĵ㣬漴˫ַٽӡӡһɣǵ֮ɢһ㵭İɫΣ֮һʵİɫ𣬳ְν˸ǡ
ȫ渲֮һֻΪɢΣҲûиеʲôĿָУָ΢΢һЦСȡһ澵ӣǰա
˽һȣھ沢û˵ĴڣҲ˵ǿԱ˴˿Լȴǣ˵ӰϢҲȫȥʵ̾Ϊֹ
˶ȥ֮յͼķֲ˷ֿλвãҲûʲô飬ǰȥֿ֮ƮƮһۣڵߣҪ뿪뿪ҵߣɱ
˵ʱһɺ˵ɱ˲䱬ĿƮƮţҲһĵ˵ͷǸŹȵɫ΢΢üҲ˵ʲô˵ͷ֮󣬴Լķλ
İǽԼվߣκӵͨɽµĵ·ʱаͻϮҶָǰԼپУںֻվߣκӵ˵ĳ֡
һʱ䣬κӵĴ˴ɽȵһҶָе֪Ѷˣʱ˼񾭣ֻҪκӵ߽ٶ˵֮ڣ̱չһսһ
κӵҲ٣齨СԼħ֮¼룬ʣµĻаľͽЩͽÿ˶ʥ۷Ϊ
ҪǲЩͽĻôκӵóа뻯µսˣƾ˺ƽҫնɱ
ֻ벻ͨǣκӵ鱨֪ܲҫ뻯ĴڣֻҪ֣κӵ˻治дģκӵ֪ܲһ㣬֪Ļôһʲô֡
˼֮ʣκӵ˵жҲѸ٣ҲѰҺʵλ㣬κӵĽӽٵ߷Χ֮ڣ֮ʱϵĴѶ洫ҶĵĻ
Щİȫʧһɶа˷֣Ǳռ֮ߵġ
֮˫ͫΪС㣬͵һתͷƮƮֿ籼סƮƮĲʺоѪĹâݺݵĶƮƮ˵Ҷƭˣݼ˵ãһǵ壬ûɣ
ʱδƮƮ˵Щʲô϶ʱһ׹⣬ǵĲ󷨱Ƴˣ˵Σȫ¶κӵ˵¡


ʮ 壡
ôܣӰȻˣ󷨸ָ֣ȵĿԼ壬˾֮⣬ڶҶĵҲɻ
ǵӳģ˵ͶаˣǻȥָͻȻһ˫ĿϵɻתΪŭ֪˭󷨣ԼǸŴʦ֣˭
ָеĺ֮ʱԶҶĶʱе²Ҳ˼ܶأͬʱôѶ֪ͨϵǱߣָҲûеҶĵĲ
ߣʱߣƮƮʺ֮еɱ⼫ˣƮƮЦͣڵҵݼɣ㶼ƭϵǷǺиȾģֻǣҵδֻҪܽǶɱˣҼʹ¶һҲֵˡ
ʵһ˾ģ˵ĺޣһ˲һУֻҪԼ֮ԼǵıԸ
ƮƮʱ̬ȻҹҲȷǻɵҫԼʱǹаĴţɱҫ˲ɡ
ƮƮǵЦһз˫ۣ˵ܺãϧ㿴ĳˣΪҪһˡ
˵ս֮ǿƮƮ˲еһǿҵϢУηѲģʱľΪѾﵽ˳۷壬ƮƮĳΪͬɲԼ
ɾҪһʱǿߣƵòɿģܡ
ǸѽӣŮ˻адأκӵġԼеˡټСħ˻գǰһ֮ɫ٣Ц
ʵ֮ʵ֮κӵҪۼıҸҫǸʰ·أһκӵЦ
һεȷʧӦƮƮĻ¼Σ֣ҲѾ͸һУκӵµʵ԰ҫģߵֵܵġ
κӵЦеĵ˵ͷڵˣԴʹȻĻ治֪ôǶأҲûͶ˼Ǿսɣ
һ䣬κӵ˰֣ħͬʱ٣ʱ࣬ͬʱǿҵƷҶġָС˸պøϵ
Ҷٶ죬ħɱ֮ʱʱŭգҶһ٣۳ӥٶȸǿѸײڶ֮ħǰ
ֻ˫צǰһ̽һ˫ƥӥצͬʱסħOħɮļ򣬾ȻôӲץǶ˸ֱֳɳʮ׵ľ֮󣬽ص˦һɽ֮ϣɽѹӡ
ģȻһûУϼһϽؼϰɣˣһСүҪ˵ǣҪҲأŽħOħɮǸǱҶθ˫ۻ޼ɵĳš
Ļǳ׼ŭ˽ħOħɮҲʵʱ˵ʵû̫ͣڳڵˮƽޣӦò̫Ľ
ҶĵĽǲνƽæŰ˲칬¼һҹ㿪ʼڹо澭ⲿѷɫھ񹦵Ϲžڹķʽаҫ˵Ϊаҫǰ뻯̶ȵĿռ֮ʵ˵ͻͽ
ֻһ˽ˣҫ˵ΪʱʵԵͻƣȫԱ֮£ǰȫﵽ˳۷֮뻯֮Ҳֻһ֮ңѡ
ħû񵱳ǰ׾ٵĻܰҫˣ񵱳ħһ֮ܰҫ˵Ҳ֣ܳպ෴ֻᱻҫ˸Ūڹ֮䡣
ԹҶĽO˫ħס֮ġħҲͬ⵽أߵİڱܣԽԽ죬һʱͣ٣˫طֱӽħȥҲҶǰħεǣס
ҶͬʱǣסħʵǣħǴ´ģУ齨ϵ⵽ָأָ׵Ϊ淢ǸŴʦֵӳȻҪնɱ
ӳҲָУν˼ۺ죬۸ʵԵӳڵΪͲָеĶ֡
һ壬һܵɱԻȫӭ֮ʵǿҲֻǳڶѣ˶࣬Ҳָдݱѽѷ֡
ؿߣߵȫռţľǿֲĶпǳԾ˿ͷȻ齨Ҳǳ񾳵ˮƽĶ֮ǿʵ޲ߣֻܱȻߴһȴɺƿԣѹŴ
ʱаħԱҶ˸ǣסȫѹƲ·磬˴ҲаľչսһʱȻҲѽѷ֡
ٶǶаӣֻ˫ûеһʱչսǸն˭ûȳֵĴ㡣
κӵһǷҵս֣ɫ̫ÿ˵ˣû뵽ʱհҫߵȺ˾Ȼǿֵزÿ˶һж࣬ȴռϷ磬ɱﵣʤ治˵
ʱҲ֪սֶԼҸոҲܵҶĵĴѶò˰ʱܴϰ˲칬еսϵ
ʱҶߵ񾳣ټϳߣϷǷ˵ڰҫǿѹѾ˳ڱ£Ҳ˵Ҳ񾳣ֻҪʮ񾳸ϵôƽ᳹׷תֱκӵȺ˶ڻ¡
˵ľӦø˲Ŷԣȴǳһüͷƺʲô¸ѵƵģ¾ǣ粻ϰҫ
ҫ֮ŵĴѶĵģ⴫ѶĸѶϢԵüΪ֪⵱еĿռ䣬Ҳ˵뻯Ĵߴڡ
üǿսУȥǿ൱Ĳأôʥ£ˣʱκӵ漴̧ͷ쵭Ц
ĻҲٵע⣬κӵȥʱĪһɾ֮УǶ˵ͷϣƯһӡ
׳߰˳߿⣬üĿδ¶һֲŭĸоǸģƺˣȴûһ˸֪ĴڣʵȻ뻯ˣп뻯е۷ǿߡ
ͬһʱ䣬ͬĵص㣬жü𶥣յİҫԵе㽹꣬Դһֱоƺ֮ڷʲôǳ飬ҪԼȥʱָоҲ쳣ǿҡ
ôˣӣƺʲôõ飡һԵİҫļ򣬹ĵʵ
ҫüҡҡͷĻصҲ֪ھһֱ֮ǻǾȥɣ
Ե˵ͷڵھ߰ɣ
һȥлˣû˼֮ҪȥҫеĲҲԽǿңߴ˸ϿжΪ֮ǰһˡ
ðҫеԽĽֱǱ߿϶ǳʲô£кҲ|һ£ֱӸ߷ɸߣŰ˲칬ææķȥ
Ö|֪֮ҲǰĲУҫһ涼зıҪҫһݺݵĽѵ
֮𡢱ʥ˹Ĵ֮ϣʱѾ˲ˣȫЩжʮˣÿһһԼƶˡ
|֮к˷ֱ֮λλĖ|ĵ˵ͷڵλǰҪһйͳһϷľˣϣҵ֮ͨ£̵ʱڽϷ£⵱Ҳǰ˲칬


ʮ ʥ
ʥִκӵ˵Ǳڵĺǿ൱ľˣаӵʥ֮ƵľֻоŸˣҲаʥˡ
ǱаԴͷľŴʥаߵĸ£ÿһľʥͬǶаѡˣһǵˡ
ľʥҲȫаĳϻᣬʱƣԼһЩķľʥʣ޼һʵǹϵǿһ
ȻȻǿһȻǿʥʥ֮Уÿһÿһ˵ĴͬΨһͬʥƺʥ֮ǿǸ˵ġ
ʱκӵҪλǿʥ֣ɶԷƺûκӵĴ㣬ֻֻƳһۺߣûж˵ʲôִ̧˸ָܳһĿռһ֮ϰٴ֮ࡣ
ûãÿһռ߳һˣнʮƯڿУȫŵ׹䣬Ҳ˵аֶ˶ʮ񾳣һɲСƵս
ͻսЩʡ֮ЩʧİˣλʥȻÿռ֮ȫŲ˹ֲĿռ֮ԷѰ뻯ȡ
λʥȻһ쳣߰Ҳ̫˵սǲûгֵĴ㣬ֻΪһ͹۲ˡ
ӵñʥҲԣʤȫĻȺСûʸʥС
ʥȷǰĿԣҲнıǮֻĻκӵĵдŭɫҲ쳣ѿ
ߣϵĹҪǴùôһҪЩ϶֪үκӵŭȴ΢Цܸͣλ߸ϵʥҲûʵҲֻˡ
Ȼʥ˵ףǴ磬磬Ǿó汾£úøǶһɣκӵһ˳һۣЦ
˵Ҳ֣ǿƵĳȻƾκӵǲһԵĵ˵ͷһֱκӵԵĳҲ൱˳ӣȻǶˣӦ˵аȫκӵհ
Թκӵһ֮󣬳Ĵžɷĳ٣߶ҲǲҵǶһۣ漴ӭǰˡ
ûֻа˸κӵûгֻ֣Ƿ·쵼ǰ˫ۻվ￴ϷҲô࣬ϳġС곿ˣٶϵǾ֮ˡ
̬죬һŮŮľͲ˵˫ֻǱ벻Ц䵭飬ʮʮһɽˡ
˾ͱȽ˼ˣһͯŰǣһָߣƵģһ߰˳˳ߣ·Ƥɾһ㣬ϵٶһ飬ֲ۾ˡ
ι״ôڹǰֻ˪̤һ˵ϰɣ
˪˻һ䣬Ҳ˵ĻػֱԶĵط֮бȭ񵭵˵ͽ̣
٣
Ҳѧǰ㱧ȭ˵ʵڵĵʱ򣬹ٵгһֱĸоָоӵйģ˫˪гһֱļ¶
ڶ˻֮ʣһһ߳УһһĽâˣƸױȣҪǣõĳ
Ľֶ緱ǣͨһĻ֮٣Ͼһûпȥô򵥣⵱ýҪĿƴﵽһϸ΢Ŀƣһâݡ
ʱֻõĸᲢã֪һĲһľͨۼ񱩵ĽϮ˫ĿһǸ߸𣬵ЦȻܽõ˳ɫ˲±Խὣռˣ
һ䣬ٽٷϣһٵı棬һΪĴɫӫⱬӫ֮з·ȳһĽâĽâཻٶȻǲ·硣
fɱ֡ʱĪ
ٵʽ൱أԳƵģ£ҲԳƵǽ˹ĹǟoֿģѧڹٵãӼֱ绢
ۼԼĽƱŹֵʽҲ΢΢漴Ȼǰ¶һֻĵЦݡ
Ҳ໰趯ԽĿݣƹ켣ҲԽĵ꣬ףֱָҪȥֺ쳣ĽлһַǳصɶһʮŽâ಻ֹ
ʮ·ʮʽ
ĽƱ֮ǰ֣жȤҲǴӣչȫأĽƽӴʱo񹦵ȫ汬Ľص˸ͨ͸мȻǵӦ֡
Ƕ˴ѽѷ֮ʣԶڹۿˣʼ˽ͯһŰǣһ˵ǾôɿţǾôô
ȻֻǣսǻᱻһͬģùĻص
ҲҪֳϣٺǴ˵е٣𲻻Ķ֣ʱ䡣˵
ǲˣϰɣͯеİǣ˫Ŀ쳣۵Եе룬һɼ产˵ɱⱬ伫˵Ĳ
ͯһ䣬˾Ȼһֱڵһ㱬ֱĳԶĹ٣һһݵӣҲɣźͯɱȥ
һĻҲ֪ٻûʲôһ֮սսϮɱó⣬Ҫһʱַ
ֻı鲻̫ÿԭı飬ڸˣ֮ҲԴһŭ⣬ǸҵԸ񣬲˲սʹԼĻҲͬ޷ԭµģοҲû˵
ǣһĻԵеˣȻתǹͷٺԸˣΪ׵ͯȻҲ׼սֱɲͬնĽֵֿ󣬽ƫ棬Ѹƥʵ
أȻҶ˵ĵһҲ쳣ĵӦ֣Ȼδ棬Ҳǵһμɲ֪ô£֮еĬУ·ս˼ʮһ㣬ֻ޷ݡ
ͯһһֵӣҲǱƼˣȻﷴҲȻûôһ˵ǾͿ˳ۣƵļƣټԼĵ˺ҲжҪȥ
ʱһһּй٣˵Ե쳣죬ӵһǿҵĸʴ֮ӵ͡
Ϊ˵˶ǳڵǿߣֶʽȻһǲСǿǲҴ⡣
ֻٵǰҶһתǿһӴ֮󣬼ʧΡ
֮ûǰ˷Ӧٵһ˰֣һƬ֮ϣʱɼǿ˶ȥٽǶ˵Ĺּ֮ӱ˻ȥ
fɱ֡辢¾
нǴһһһֲٳоͿ죬Ѹײڶ֮ƽзУټĳֱգ۾͵ڷ㶣һ¿ǰ˸ţ˾ȻԼĵ棬ܵ൱ѿ
ͬҲоյͯΪʵҪ֮ͯϣȻԷʵҲͬС˵ҲǷһֽŰˡ
ʱٶ˴ˣ˭û˵ǿһԶκӵֶԷҲЦеĿԼֿ֮һ۹٣˵ҽԼһ㣬ʱһҪָ¡
ţҵ㣡


ʮ ҵĶܶģ춾ѧ
ʱ˲칬аⳡݱչţĶУҪٵսһߣȻҪԵĵǼģȫûһ˿⣬Ե쳣Ŀܡ
ѽǾôǵڼˣǵ˰ɣЦǺǵĿǰˣڵ
ǰ˵ȷȫ齨аУұǿ֪ٱʼʥĳ񾳣һŲаҪУ֮ǰЩҲֻǿջˡ
ƤЦģие˱һ˸ˣһջĽеϴ׵ɱ
ԵеˣСƶ֣պ෴ҫ˵Ĺͬ£ԸԼսʱϰҲ𽥱Ӱ졣
˵˾ǲԼκһ֣۶ԷǿΪʲôڳһе̬˵ʵڵҲѧģǸҶġ
Ҷû죬˵ı£ǻԸðҫĻ˵ĵ˾㲻Ҳᱻʵ̫˵ˡ
ҶıȴôΪдʵİ֮ΪսԭģôˣսҵĻܹ˷ңŭĵĻôԷƱػвУƲƣʱҾͿСĴ۽ܣһֶΪأʡ°
˵ʵڵģҶĵĻһĵڵʱİҫƿԣҲ쳣ĵ⣬̸ⷬӡԺУ˲еéٿǳ
ͽҶ׶ؼĻֻ࣬ǰڳļǸ߰ޱȣ˲ֻۣȥ˵࣬ȴģ䳰ȷ
ǰҶĸѧ߰˷񣬲ûаеıӸˣеŭܹΪʵʵĻôѾĿճɻҷɣʣˡ
ˣȱæ֪˭ôһЦеʵ
ҹ˭֮һֳֳŭһɨ˳ȥ
һͣǿǾѾһ̶ĺХݺݵ˦ĲҪͷ­ɨɡ
ЦһһȦһһɾĳжһߣ֮صĺĲ·һƤһ˳ȥݺݵײһɽ֮ϣɽҳһСӡ
ڻûеõ˲ĳνʱڽеŽСʲôᣬֻöԣǸǺܵù
ɭһЦ˫Ŀ˵ĺ⣬Ļǰ˲һëȻĸоСǵȻ˵Ƕ֮һĺ֮㣬öıŶضá
û뵽ǣλѾõСȻǰ˲֮һޣʣѾʼе㲻Ǿߵˡ
ʱ֮ǰɵ꣬ûлʵ˲أѾ޷սΪѾ򶾶˹ȥò˶ñᱻĶ
ôʼɣҪСһŶҵĶܶģҲϣܳžһ㣬򣬻Ȥģ
ЦͣһΪһӰֱܶǳһճ꣬귴ӦҲ죬гһĽâˮкһ㣬޿ײ룬ȫǡ
ڽâҪʱһ˫Ĵֱָ۵Ļ裬Ĵָָ⼤īɫâȥĹ졣
ⶾâ˿ʮ㣬»ѽĽƸһͿŪ귽ңâɢâֱ֮Ӵ͸ţͻȻһ˫Ŀϵɫ־ֺɫ˲һī֮ɫһбֱ׹ȥ
춾ıĦӽָ
ҪжģˣˣۼһˣβͣʣУһţΪ׵һ׳һʼٷˣҲŤͷܡ
ߣҪҵ˵ĳҲõС
һ׷֮ʱ֮ͻȻһɫӫ⣬ֻηתһżת֮µݣǲɫӫ⣬Ĵɫǵ֮С
춾ıԪ̼

֮ͬʱгǲұɫУڴɫ͸һ˲䣬ߵķݣǼĲҽУ±һɫŨǣֱ档
Ԫ̼ʣĴɫҲ棬ɽȵĵϣ˵Աаľͽչս
˵Ӧ޲𹥻ŶԣƫƫЩ·۾Ƶģֱƿרаˡ
һɫһӾͽаľӼԱɣϾǿûг񾳵ΪһȻֱӾͱǹɿֲĶˣΪһ̲Ѫˮ͵ȫʬ
һĻǰнĶ˸ŵòᣬ֮ǰǼͬİѾܹоõĶжˣҲֻǿѣԱǻһֱ۵ĸܡ
Ҳ˵ĶѾز˲ɱҲͶ࿸һѣľ壬ӳĶʵ̾Ϊֹ
ؿǰǶ˷֮ʣⲻ֪ѾߣǾȻΪ﷢ЦһȵעУҷģǵĻǴûˡ
һȣǶ˶˸飬ǻع֮󣬷ԼѲףк־Ѿȫûа취ߣֻӲƴ
ԼĶôȻܻĶ֣ĶѾ⣬Ƕ˱ٻЩʥ͹Ķʮһ֣˺Χɱ
Ƕʮյ˵ٻʱҲɣ̾ʮ񾳼ٸϵŶһ֣ͬΧסУҪɱ
ʱ֮е󺺣ŭһһ˫ɰСȭͷȭ֮쿴ȥͺʮֱڻ裬ܼȭӡ·һ³ǽѹ˹ȥƼ侪ˡ
һǣ˵һ߶೤Ķ̽һ㣬Ҳ࣬һ˫̽·׷ɣŽֻۣʼתѾݷָתͣ漴һһºݺݵĻĲ䡣
ۿԼ⵽Χһ˵ܺãҾһιȫʰˡ
˵ʱʱ죬ûһ䣬˫һչ漴˫һϼһңīɫ֮£˫ĳһīɫš
ųֵһ˲䣬͵˫ƺʵѹһɼ͵·ξһɨķ˷Բǧڵա
춾ѧ򶾳Ͼ
һĻǰ˶ʼδģǽгԱʮ񾳸֣ͬǵƣȫɷ·һûһӱûӰ
һӣܹʮȫŵ׹ȥûһǱѵģ˽֮ɫ˫۷ף߿ѪҪжңݺݵ˵֮ϡ
ƾһ֮ʮ񾳣ʵҲǹֲˣܴﵽľЧȫҪ鹦Դʽ춾ıԼǰøոմ춾ѧ
򶾳ϾԴѧ춾ѧеĵһʽԭǽԼڵ򶾶ѹۣﵽһ̶ʱٽ䳹򶾶ͷǿʮֹ产ˡ
ֻǣбףһ֮֮ɢٶҲǷǳģľΪҲֻջ߰˳ҵĶ
Ҳ˵ÿһУᵼ¶Ĵʧʧ֮͵ͬڷϹһ㣬ܴﵽ뻯֮Կռ֮֮ŶȻҲܹն١
ʱĬĬĽųĶջأʱһӰӸ߿֮Ϻݺݵײ߲Զһɽ֮ϣһаϲǱĽħ


ʮ ɱ˫ħ
ħôģǱҶһŸģһŲûĵűŭ־
ŭǣԼûôǰǱǶˣҪǴ˳ȥԼƻᱻ˳Цһӡ
ǣʲôʱҶѾǿֵزˣҪ˵һǰҫߵģﻹǿǿܹܣϾԷѽȡ
û뵽ǣȵԭֹҫһˣߵÿһ飬Ҫ֪ڵᳬ֮ʱҫ֮¶κβԼԼܡ
أһҶľ;ѹԼOֶˣһֱֲӵסϡħҴһ㶼˵࣬˿·硣
Լֱӱ˸ԵģҪܣսʤˣǰһýħɻ˼㣬벻װҫȺ˵ôģŶ̶ʱѾȫϳԼˣʵ˼⡣
ģװٸҴϹҾʹ׶ϵ㣬ѱ겳һ֮𡣡
Ҷĵĺŵýħһ֮󣬷ҶѸײڶ֮ǰҶĵʵǿ쵽ûˣǿħҲûļ١
ҶĵͻȻħң֮ʣǺҷأ±ҶĴʲôⲻ֪·Եķأٳһ˿Ч
ۼħǸǱҶǸ߸߹Цһ֮һ˫ӥצӽħֱ۷϶д˫צסļ漴һ˺ħֻоԼ˫紫һ˺ѷεľʹ֮Ѫɽ˫Ƥⷭ˿ɼǡ
ӥŊZ˺ѷΣ
ʱħʧ˷磬ϵޱȣһѧӲɣҶӥʳ˫צݺύϵĴݲŽħ壬ʱħڵİѪɣò̡
СҪ񣬿㣡ͻȻһŭȣҶĵOħɮ̤գͳҶģ˫֮£ʮæҶĵıš
գͺ¿˵󻰣˭˭һأ
ҶһЦһһתʱʮӰɶĘOħɮۻңֲǸ棬ǸǼ٣ʮâ꼰㣬ȫ˽ħϣϼˡ
ژOħ֮ʱͻȻһ˺ѷεľʹıϲ֪ʲôʱ򣬳ץۣûعؿһʹץ۳֡
Oħɮ֪ҶĸɵģȴֻܿһӰԼ߾ÿξץۣʵǸҶĵ˱֮ûУϵ⣬׸
ڽһOħɮ²ϵѪÿһѪɽ֮ʱ϶һɼǵץۣգ֮Ĺ򣬘Oħɮ·ٹһ㣬²ץۣûһõĵطʵǲҲ̶á
ӥŊZ츲ؾ徣
ûãҶжأǰĘOħɮѾ͵Ŀǰ˫۵ɵĹԲӲûɳѾҲһ˿õĵطһĿĵץۣŻĳ嶯
ΡΡ̧ҪȥԼʲôλʱҲ͵һѪѪˮǹһͣOħɮ̧ס˿ڵûУǰһڴ׹䡣
Ҷеһ˲䣬˺˘OħɮľͬʱOħɮô˿ڣʧѪѳ߳࣬Ҳǳ飬˵ڴ˺ʧѪһɵ£ƾ㱾ͨ죬Ҳֻ³
ϹˣɱܣҪҲÿҲСҶĻعͷ±ڰڵĽħЦе˵
ЦŲ˽ħĿŘOħɮҶŰɱԼʵOħɮҲǿ˶٣һˣʱٸҶĴ򣬻ԼĨĸɴࡣ
ǣ򲻴ֲϣҶҲôԼҲֻһ·УħǿһԶκӵԼϵʥȻֿ֮սħˣ͸һ˿֮ɫ
ѲһȦ֮󣬽ħݺݵҧҧڵԸ齵㣬齵˲칬
ħͶΪҶĻΪʵЭһ£Ǿǰ˲칬аĳޣǷҪа𲻿ɵĳޣĹ齵ܳɹ
Ǹǹ˵ˣ˲칬аκһ˵ͶȫǶ˲ŶԣϹ㻹Ǹȥɣ
ҶʼЦһһʱ˶ʱһɺ˵ɱ⣬һ˲ʧڽħС
ħ˵ʲôѾˣҶգ۲ʱֵǰ֮һֻӥצסʺ˲Ϣֶ²ȻֻҶҲһ˺ħʺ˺룬Ѫӿħ
˫ħսҶһϣ˫ħ̫Ҷʵ̫ǿˣȻûдﵽҫֿŵĵزħּģѾȫĶ֣ȻҶĵҲͬ쳣ĽɣǿҲò˹Ϣ
һߣ˵սħͬҲ࣬⵱ħΪߣѴ۷֮ħʥǳڵΪεĻǾħɣŸոմﵽûãħսսֲûеԼߣ˿ս֮С
أ
һ죬һȭħתһɨߺնҪ͵ϮľħɣӲһţû飬ʹٺ󳷣ɲ˵Ļᡣ
ֻһһɼ产˵ıȫ汬ϱײ֮£ıը˸˳ȥ
˲䱬֮£ٶȾȻҶĻҪһֻ֣գֵ֮ħɵǰصĺھħɵ֮ϣߵѪˣͬʱǼȾǽڵĽˡ
аȭ졤ȣ
ħ߷֮ʱһԵħʥչƣֻһ˫Ŀһɱīչһƺ˿ʼͣıͱ⣬Խӽ֮ߣºƣȥ˵а졣
ڰ˵ӣ
޴󻯺ħʥݺݵעֻ·СɽСƣסƺҪ˸󱬡
ܣӽˮ
ʱһȣͻȻһɼǿĺֺħʥĻҪҪаǿֲƥȻӲĽħʥֻƸ𱬡
ûħʥҺ֮͵ͳһȦڹ⽫ħʥ֣ڹ֮ڣʱǾֹģȻֻ0.1룬0.1˵Ѿǳ㹻ˡ
ڱһ졤ʱͣ٣
ֻ磬·һ㣬ʮӰΧħʥӴΧÿһӰԻһǵ֣ݺݵĴħʥϵһѨ
ֻ0.1֮ڣѾʹʮǵ֣ħʥ²ѪҲʼϵıͣȥ൱ҡ
ڹʧ֮ʱһȭħʥĶͷ߾ͺһˮױ©ƵģϵĴ۶ڱɢ
ħʥ˫ĿɵĹԲоŵɫǳĵĲܣȻҵҲģһĵھŵ옷ûʩչҲģ
ģǺǣȥү˵ɣϧڣûʩչˣ
ЦһֺնħʥĲ·һɨߵĲһħʥͷ­߸߷ѪҺȪһͷʬҲǴм׹¡
ǰһĻԶħħͬʱһǵתʱǾħ˿ʼ΢΢һּ˿־
ħʥжħԸҲҪһֽţȴֻʽ֮ڽնףǺεȿֲʵ
Ŷ˳Ǹ߸߹¶һаɭɭ΢Ц˹˹ָЦˣǽһӣ


ʮ Ż뵤ӳ֮
ʱɽһսݱĽţսҲûһ浹Ȼа˶ڣе͹˼ʵ
ʵҲֲȻǰƽиæȥûжʱȥ츳ֶʵĺܡ
ĳЩƽӹ֮ʮ궼δػʲôͻƣʺõģ츳ߵˣֻҪһܸЩƽӹ֮ʮ๦ҲûʲôñȽϵģֻ˵ү˭ˡ
ɴ˿ɼү൱˰ҫȺһģӵͨ󼰵ľ츳ʱȻ٣ЧʿǿĲС
ԼʵĹ㣬ֻͣڱ˴֮дʱս˵д裬ȻȫԸಫʵӲɡ
ԵĵˣԼУôȻǻᳬˮƽӣÿ˵սƽдʱǿһֹսȻǷѹаһͷ
ħԼǶʮ񾳵֮Ҷġ˳״֮󣬸ֵаˣʵҵսͬʱеĵҲûȺ֮֡
ؿ֮ǰҲᵽаȱʲôʲôȱȱ̡ȱԴָҪж١
˵ǰǸ£֮ǰͬǿֹǳ񾳵ߣǿһ˸ųڵΪָеĴʦ֣ŵŵӣӳ
ţʮ󳬼֮һǵ񽭺һеİԯܣ˳ʦΪѴ֮󷨡һһֱ֪һ˳Ϊԯɡ
ӳԯܵϯӣΪͷһ츳ˣѧһѧͻᣬһҪ츳ָй֮޲ڵ꣬ԯ۰Ҳĵӡ
ڵӳʦʮָ֮ˣָлֻһѣ겻ʮһһδѵģΪҲǻÿʣҲʦֵǵϲӳλʦָǶǻмӡ
ϧþָ֮һһ꾪ޣչֳ츳̾Ϊֹ˻ûʲôмӣɵӳȴǼĴ𣬰ָȥķͷ
ָʮ꣬ȣʣָ뵤ӳŵһ콾ͷָлνͬŽϼԾҲûʲô
ɵӳȴǰⳡΪһƽҪıԣþκֶζҪͷʢָиݺݴܣñ֤Լʦֵ
󣬵ӳˣ󷨱ԣѧԶˣһͿһɶҲûõӳķеĶʻʢ
ںӳĶʻվǣݺָУҪأȴԯʶƣɴΪ˽
ԭԯֻСʹһ¾ôȥˣϾԯܻǺܿԼӵģҲֻǶʼˣ㲻ʲô̫Ĺ
û뵽£ӳҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬾Ȼ˿ĳŶֱʱԯ֪ܲԭӳָв٣ͬʱڼ˱ˣԴ֪١
ӳŵϢڽдûãоȻʼŴӲ⴫󷨣ϵԯô֪ܲĴӵӳνûըһŭ֮£ɱӳλаס
ؿǰͶĵӳȻתͶаָ쳣ջ𣬻ûǸơСѧԼصĴʦ֣ԭǸ޳Сˣǳ֮⡣
ʦ֣㻹æһ񷸮һаܵҲۻӡָпǰĵӳһϷʵ΢Цڵ
ӳͬҲЦͣڻصʲô񷸮ҿɴûгϹԼǲ񷸮ˣʼնаѽ
һָ˫ü壬Լʦֱˣе㲻ʶˣı԰ɣָеͷ̾Ϣһٴοӳ˵ʦ֣л˵Ϲ齵Ͷһʦţʦǰһ飬ܱһĻСʦҷˣҪΪʦŻ
ָбǺ⣬ɵӳȴδ飬ֻЦһƲָһۣЦŻ?СʦܣǸʵŻôô񾳾;Լ޵ˣʦֻúúý̽Ҫǫ
һ䣬ӳ磬ֱָжȥܿ죬ƿգգ֮ѵָǰһӣһ˳ƶָֻеţһþ˾ųɵĹ֮ǿԿɽʯиǿޱȡ
ڵӳΪָлᱻԼһ֮ʣؿͻȻһʹһѪ˱ʱٶȵ˻ȥ
ס֮󣬷Լ֮϶һӡٿָʱŷ֣ԷȻԼûʱһƽ˻ȥһʲôʵӳԼԼ֮вһ˿֮⡣
ʦ֣һΣϲϸһȥָջƣ˫ȭ߬ţͷʵ
ӳָУݺݵҧҧ˫Ŀ˸ѪĹâڵ㻹ɱңˣָУҾװ׵ĸ˵ˣ£ңû㡣
ȥɣ
ָ̧ͷŭӵӳһɺ˵ɱ·һȫ汬ĵӳзǰָиһëȻĸо˫ѪҧгݵģܳΪ˵جΡ
ָлһ䣬һ˲ʧǰʱһ˵ûһ˷ָеӰͻȻ֮˲Һ˵Դһ鱬ͻأһĻŵˡ
Ҫɢ͸ɣ֪٣죡ӳһУ֮Ѿһ˿ĲĻ˵еˣؿƣȥۿǲˣǵӳûв׽ָеӰ
ָ̫ôǣҪٶȣҫ֮УǿľҶģָеҲ죬ϲҶģҲ˵ָ̫죬ԶԵӳ̫ˣָеӰ
ʱֻʣӳһ껹֮˶Ѳ׹䣬ӳʼˣûôŹΪԼľѾˣû뵽ǣָеľѾԶԶˣ־ŭĿ־忪ʼС
ӳ㵹취ѽôӣĿʱѾֽţʼе״ˡ
㻹Ŀĺã
ָеĻͻȻĶߣŵĲᣬͷ֮ʱгһŴӡеһʹȻʧȥ֪
ͷ­׺䱬ָеӡֱӴͷ­ͷʬָ֮еӰǳڵӳǰ
һΣһȥָпŵӳ˵
ӳһôָп˺һӣݺݵҧҧҪɱɱҲҪĿȥ乶ӲдĻţ˸ɴࡣ
ָг̾һû뵽ӳĶʼȻﵽֵزǲݵľ棬Ҳֻнɱһ·ˡ
ȻִˣҲ޻˵İɣһǿһУһ㡣ָһڣ˵
Сʦܣ·ҲֵˣһǺ㣬Ϊʲôţ㲻֣ô䵽ֵزӳԹĿָУеļ֮Ũҡ
ָҡͷ̾ϢֹҲ˵ʲôһһƥԾֱʣԾƥϯķ֮ԶԾۻָָ֮е˵ʦֻ֣˵ǻͬİ·ĺã
ûӳĻص
ָе˵ͷһΪˣӰ˸ͬķ˳ƺһƣصĺڵӳϣǿƾԾֱӽӳķ飬ѪҺһѳ
ָ֮Ӱʧ٣ʹվһͷĬһƮ


ʮ սŰ
ɽһսݱĽţҶġָС쿪ʤȫԼĶ֣ߵսҲ˵սͬʱš
ԵаеĳġС곿ˣ˵Եеģǵûһ˸֣Ҳû֣Ȼ˵İǳ˵ãҲֻ˵ѣ֮⡣
ʱǰһЦȳ̽̽Ѿͷĵףһ˾ʰأٺ٣
һ䣬Ƕ٬񣬴˵ʵڵģĳףĶǣϸ֮£еͻȻһǿҵռ
ˣңǿܵƤ֮ࡣ˹ָЦ˫Ŀ޼ɵɨ·ҪۿƵģԵü
Դ˳ۣԷǸεģмķθȻòѿͬҲǿʲǶ˫ۣת֮񣬵һУǰۣʵĺܡ
ڳ֮ʣͻȻâֱ˫ۣ͵һηˣâʵ̫죬Ҫ¶ܣʯһʱ䣬һֵֻڳǰâסһ֮ɫĳġ
صˣСѾͷƬӣԭǸز¶аһסâöΰϳݵƿڣѪʼð
ؿǱŵˣʱ麹ͣĵؿھһµģ׵ĺܣҪǳĳ֣ͫϹˡ
ʵֹǳŵˣǶС곿ҲͬĲУͬʱ֮г˾֮⡣
Ȼܽҵİа֮ףе㱾£ֱ̧ۣЦ
ҲҪУѾͷ֣һϡĺݺݵеİһ䣬һȣֱȥҲϳ֣ɱ
ǰʵ൹ҲֻǹϵĲ൹Եǿ֣֮ⶡС곿Ͳö˵ˣ˵ΪѴ۷壬Ͳһ۷֮С
ڹϣСĹʴ쾭ʮ㣬һĺԹҲศɣѧʽһָҲס
곿ԵеˣӡãֻһЩȥѧʽйȻȲòӡ
ĳֵܣ˵ΪѴ۷֮ϵǴྶͥһа߀KĶ֮аޱǿģĹһǿԽǿľħħ
˹һǿԹǧǰһˡɡ֣֮ɻԵɺ֮µõ񷱦벿б֮辶ӡ֮ףԿռ֮֮ΪãҲΪħףҲȡΪħ
ȻħȻȲò񷱦֮ΪõĴܣۼٶȴǿ˲񷱦ֹħ׵Чܹʹϵõһĸı䣬Խأӳ׾Խǿһ˲ƳǱܵľħ
ֻıһһɫ׾񱬷ȻױȲþ֮ǰͣ⸲ʮ׵ɫҲ㹻˵ˡ
˴ӲͬķλΧĵ˳Ƴȭɫһȭȭֲ˵ˣǰһɽҲҪһȭ䴩
һаƣ´ͷϷ䣬ѽ·֮ǰİŵĲ壬аӣ߳ŭҪݺݺɱ
С곿һһҰǰָѸݣҰغУ仯ӡݺύٱƵҲס
˵ΧɱԵ쳣ֻЦһ˫Ȼ£۹ĵͣʼתһǿķ羢˳ƶ𣬷羢֮໹һɼǿĺ˵ĹڵѪңû˳
û˾ȣͻȻתĵ㱬һƬİЩѸޱȣƿգξˣǷƥǿķƣ԰͵ĸǷʽǰˡ
绨ѩ¡ľ裡
⺧˵İ֮£֮г˳ɳֱ⣬˲òƷҲǲòľơ
ΪĻǵĹƻûɱԼȱİɸˣϾİʵ̫Ѹͣԥʱ䣬ҲΨʵùǿͻ㰵
ĵɫǰİȫ飬ֱ壬ȭ֮Եø񱩣֮羢۳һ˶ȭӡͺ
һͣۼȭӡԽߣֻ˦һö飬鿴ȥҲûʲôرͨǷļ״Ҳ̫⣬Ľ飬Լȫ˲佫
ʵ֤İİˣöСɵĺɫ飬ڽӴһ˲䣬ͻȻ֮ͨĺɫϸ߷·ϼһȻĵһӿʼɿ飬գ֮ѳһȭӡֹͣ˲ɢΡ
Űȱ⣡
ŰİߣÿһֽĽи죬ѧļգ˹ӶƳ¶һ޶ŰҶ뼺֮󣬶໥֮£ŰƸһ
ȱеߴŰ֮һ˲佫˱ɿĹЧɱĳģʼŵ׹ȥı㿪ʼһϸܵƣ֪ԳĵʵãγıʱȽˡ
ʱ˸ոշס֮ǰһз裬ۼıɱ˲䱻⣬жһѳһ˿֮⡣
һһһɴܶת˲С󣬺߻ӦͻȻżĴѨһʹһ˹ȥϱֱ¡
С˻ڣ⵹Ǹ곿˸ѣ˿ԴǰȻôվԭЦеĿŶˣҲҲչ˵Ĺ죬ʵ˲ûз֣һöСɵĽڷת
ŰӰ̣
ڶ˷㶵һ˲䣬ȻǶ˵󣬵˷ֵʱ˶ˣǰȫһģһѵܷɣʵϣǻӰ̵ĹЧˣһԼһģһĻӰԻˡ
ЦһҲȶ˻˫һ͵ķɳޣ֮ϴһȦȦļ̣һˣ곿ʶĺһơ
޾ȻֱƹǵǶ˵ֱ֮һһʱѪɣǷļ̽ǵֱۣεѪģ˵ĲҺ쳹ɽȡ
ŰСȸᣡ
ڶ˲Һ֮ʱһ޸Ǵ̽곿ķ˸ԴķãزӡãʵһǳҪľʱɥȪ
곿⧲֮ɥǳأգǳգΪ곿ߣͬʱڸ֪ȻҪǿһ
ڸӦⳤްҪԼķʱҧһȣµаʱǿһ࣬˱а׸ǣްһ֮£ݺݵа۳аħԵø
аf껤壡
ǧһ˲䣬Ѿ£֮ǰһڹŹһȦҪԼӦϰģ¾Ҫ곿ĺ󳾣ѾתһĿ־֮ɫ
Цһ˫һ٣ųȥĴСȸӰջأûٴγ֣·ͻȻһ֮񱩵ɫϯķʮףƷˡ
ͬһʱɽսİ֮⣬ҫų°ٷɶݣɽս


ʮ ʥ֣ȭ
ʱɽһսԽӽβսȫһ浹չֳʵ˹Ŀ࿴ʱյѷɱȣжһ
ʮ񾳣ʮһȫħɱ˽ʣħħɣаˣʧ٣ֻʣġκӵ
Ƕʮĳ񾳸֣ѱһжԱ˳ɣʣµЩҲǹӲдع׷ŴЩµĸ֣ҲճֵҶ˴ɱ¾ʧ
ȻҲʧģ˵Ǵܹʮȫսǵûһӣûһ˱Ͷ˶ƴһ˿аľͽչһļս
֪Լ֮󣬱ŶԷԱ鶼ʱзȻһǷᣬȻаľͽһ˿֮⡣
ʵȫսҲ˵ǾͲаľͽΪҫ˵ʵֻǳ߹ģƽΪֻʥѣԼаӣϺĸ֣ܹ֧ôãҲѵˡ
Ҷĸϵʱ򣬷ȫеŭ𼸺վǣҲ룬ֱӶаľͽչɱ̶̵ʮϢ֮ڣаľͽԲһ֮
ʥ£ٲֵĻǾҪȫûˣʧصڣ״Ǳô˵ƺһǧɵŶʱκӵɱŵ΢Ц̧ͷϵʥЦ
ʥҲû˵ʲôƳһκӵֿ֮ˣ΢΢ͷ˵ţȺСʸʥ֣ˣǶ°ɣʥ
κӵԣ΢Цͷķȵ˶ɣ
Ļ䣬ġħ𡢾ħɡԼȫӦأЩͽֻʣʮˣֵ˻ǿǱҶĸɱˡ
ǰĲбܽκӵǺ԰οʵŭգû뵽Լݶᱻ˴УСһѣϹʮ֮һĵɴ治á
ȻƮƮڴսʼ֮ʱ֮ززӵҲӲаѰκӵҲģƮƮԼʥ֣ԼտҪȫûˣΪõһϢҫȫ
а˼֮ҲǼһκӵ˸նʱʥͻȻκӵ˵ǰһױȵѹչ䱸֮ơ
˳ǧ׿⣬һشҪ˵ǣʥɲʵʥûڵһʱ֣ҲҪһеĽѵž³ʥǰ˰֣漴ָָ·ʬѵ
ʥ½ѵĶԣҵȱȻģκӵ΢Ц˵ȻãҲûбֳʥһ˰֡
κӵ˼״ʼٳ룬գ۵ĹʧӰ٣¾ֻʣʥˣǸݲȣʮģƺʤȯյӡ
û˵ʥһ˶ֵֻ̧һˣڵˣȭÿ˽һȭȥʸҳУҪ֪ҵ֮£ĪңȻҪǾ߲߱ʸˡ
ģֳִϹڱүϣҲң
˵ҶģͷϣʥǲһģͲһһ󣬱˴֮ʮ׵ľգ۱ӥצݺݵץʥʺ
Ҷĵȷͷϣ벻УֻҲʧȥǣ֪аʥζʲôǾͻʵ뻯
ȳ֣ҲҪһ̽ʥʵ׼ԼṦߣҲȫˣҲûʲô˼ֻˣش
ҶĿסʥʺ֮ʱԭԸħOħɮǰ㣬Էʺ˺ʮɹȴû˵ʥֺмΪȻ
ǵһ澭ŵھ ûⲿѧֱǲ֪ν
˵ʥɨһȭһȭεɫҶĵ֮ϣ˵ȭɽ鱬һֱֲӽҶĺź˳ȥֱ˰׿ɽϣɽڶҳһڵҶģϡ
һȭˣ˽ǵɴ˫Ŀޱȣʵ޻һȭſֲľͷǰʥ֮ǿԶԶĳǵĹơ
֮ʣǰʥʧ˵УգۼԳⲻʥٶ̫죬˷Ӧ뻯еؼռ˲ơ
ǵڶʥ͵һȫ汬ֱʮɽ˵꼰㣬Ҫֲʥ
ת֮ʥ˳һȭһȭͬǿֲƥ˵ȭѹе㴭һȭʶʩչڱһڹɢʥһȭ֣ںڹⷶΧ֮ڣʱ侲ֹ
ڱһ졤ʱͣ٣
Ȼʱ侲ֹֻ0.1룬ıоյĶ˹ȥû뵽ǣʱͣʧ֮Ȼʥһȭգһȭɵȭѹȴݺݵɨؿϣɨ˳ȥصˤڵ֮ϣһҳһӡ
аҲֻܳһʱ֮ˣϲ˴֮ãʥ俴һ۵ем˵֮ŤͷָУ˵ǵ
䣬ʥٴ˲Ƶָеǰ͵һʮɹһƣʵһԾӡصĺʥ֮ϣ׳·ɽһ˿δ
ָеɴ˫ۣĿʥԼʮɹһƣȻû취ԷֺһʲôʵʵԼȫ޷󼰵ġ
ʥ΢΢ҡͷ̧һȭָеĸǿȭٽըҩըһȭָи˳ȥһɽҳһֱʮ׿ľ޿ӡ
вһգӦ죬㣬Ҫãʥ˵һĿǹ١
ȴûԴеϰߣֻٿҲ첻ռ˲ƣʥǰ˵̧һȭغ䣬鼱֮£̧ϵӲǶԷǺ˵ȭֱӽֱڵ֮ϣͬһӳ֡
ǵĸسߣϧС֪ȷ÷
ʥЦһûѰһĿ꣬ĿѾˣ֮ɫѾͷ֮ϣ漴һţ֮·һӿʥȫû
֮ȻǿԲĺԶС㻹̫ˣ
ʥһ䣬εɫȭֱӷѹϣĶȫѹȥȭȥƲؿըѣ죬һȭȻİû£ʵǿֲ
ֻʣһˣҶġָС١׷ױʥһȭܣߵʵѾֲһֿƥеĵزΣʱɱŴݵ̬ʥ񣬸Ǳ⡣
Ůޣһİ֮ж֮ǣǳ֮ʥ˲Ƶǰ˵
лǰ㣬ǰѽ̧ͷҪһͷʥ΢Ц˵
ʥ΢΢üҲ֪˵ʲôǣһȭҪӣ
һ䣬ʥ˳ƺһȭһȭʵ޻εɫȭӡſ񱩵ľݺݵĺĽ֮ϣ˳ȥȭһ⣬ȭ֮£ϤҰܡ
ɱ㣡
ʥɳȥ֮ͻȻһ˺ѷεŭһŷ·հҵĻʥͷҫϵˡ


ʮ ǻδܣ뷭ʮ·棡
PS˷һοһʱ򣬾ͱʮϣµʮ·棬ϣλǣ⣬ڴƿƣ
ҫˣиϵ⵱еľֹȴʱڸ˻һ·ϰҫһֱ粻쳣Ľꡣ
ֱٵҲͬϵʱҫгһַǳõĸоһֱܲʱ֪ʲô¡
ܲѼĸ֮󣬰ҫ˲칬飬Ѿһŵ˽⣬аޣ֪ˣͲӦҪģֱӱƮƮôҲᷢ顣
ֻڰҲûãҫҪٶȸϵսֵǣȻҫҲûԼһټǾǰ˲칬
Ϊ˵̷аս͵Ϯ˲칬ҫŸС硢Ϲ˻ص˲칬פأͬʱܲѵҲ˻ȥԼ°˸ȥսԮ
˻ͬ⣬ڰҫȰ˵£ͬԼİţҫҲԼĴ㣬аڣȫ˹ȥôפصķ쳣顣
ȻССڣһаҲأаԳأССܵסԷ߲սͲսûȥӦˡ
⿿ܰԼõȫסаǺĸǵģԼܲѵˣԼҲܰĲ٣ûк֮ǵǰս
ֻǵҫϵʱÿʥһȭ˳ȥһ˲ıŭҫǿԣֱϰ˳ɹһǾҪǰʥٲ
ҫͻȻϮʥȤҫɲİаڿǴаǧټҪȴʼûгɹðҫԽԽǿҫѾаıɱ֮С
ۼҫһž޴ĻѹʥЦһɨһȭһȭ֮ǰȭǿһ࣬εɫ۳һ·СɽӴȭӡɨ˳ȥҫҲǽеĻ¡
Ȼһ죬Ժ֮º˵˷ϯԲϰ׵գĿֲ𾢽ʥûҫǱʥȭ֮³һѪ˳ʮ֮Զ
ҫһ٣ݺݵĵʥһۣ漴תɵķ򣬿ģƲû̫أǻϯ֮һǿ𽫻˲Ϩⲻֻʥһ֮ˡ
ǰҫɣʵȻ֮ǰСȣȻ֮ǰһȭֻɹҲֻ˵ѣպĳɾͿ»Զңʦ۹⻹Ķ
ʥͷ˼һôվ֮ϣŰҫ°ǰȥԮˣҲûĴ㣬治֪«ʲôҩ
ҫʱʮһյϥ˹ϢҫæǰʵѾͷôˣô費Ϊ˹Ϣ
Ȼ˫Ŀգҫɤôֻ΢ЦҡͷڵҫţôĵҩڣƲģǾҵğo˪Գ壬˹˵Ļֻ±룬ҪʵԸǸаǸʥŶ
ҫһ˵ͷΪѯʵƮƮڸô
̾Ϣһ˵ͷڵûҴˣĹŻᵼǵʧʮˣӦøȫġ
ҫҡҡͷһĨɱ⣬ڻص²㣬˵֮ҵƮƮֱӽɱˣʼǸ
Ȱع˵ɣаʥĽأСŶ˫Ŀһ˵ҩȻѾסơ
ҫһЦҫһ˿µ˵ոˣҪʲô⣬Ҹôѽ
΢΢һЦסҫĴ֣ڵǾͲҪҳ⿩ҫ磬һغѹģаҫߣҲߵĿ
˵ҫûĵһĶͷҲͷƤЦһ£ǣַʥ
ʱʥۿŶ˷ĵ˵ͷڵ䣬ȻӲһȭŮ֮˵ˣôҫʸҳӦԡ
ҪлǰأУֹһʸŶЦеĻصʥüͷ壬ĸ֪Ȼ֪˼
֮ʣ𣬹١ָСҶġг°ˢˢҫߣȻһǻͷǱÿ˶סʥһȭԳ֮ʥȭ»ȥҲ㹻䶯ˡ
ʥǰ֮ǰĳŵÿ˶סһȭȴδܣôʥǰʵΪЩжԣӦòɣЦڵ
ʥһѵ¶һ˿ЦݣЦŮ޲óʥ˵ĻóȥˮûʳԹǰ˺սңٺòʥҲ飬һϰɣ
ʥ˵ֻ֮һ˫Ŀ͵ıһɼֲεɫγһֱ֮ϣǿޱȵ쫷һϯԲ׵ľ룬֮ԷǱīݣʵǿֲĵز
ҫ˼ʮɹס򣬹˾ܰ˸ɣֻҫ˫üЦСģǽ湦֮һʮ·û뵽аоȻ޳ⲿ湦ǿߵ忩
Ϊ湦ʵν湦ʱѾΪһ˵ˣΪⷽѾнǧûм˭ʩչ湦湦ҲֻڹżԼ鱾ϳ֣Ѿʧ˺óһʱ䡣
湦ֱ顢wνԼʮ·棬ǰȲ˵ʮ·档
ʮ·棬һǳصڹķΪΪwΪãںʮ·仯ʽֻҪгɣڰٰȭצκ似ں޼䣬ӳ֮ǿ
Ҳ˵ɷʮ·֮յѧʽһʱ䣬ϸӾɷ츲صĸı䣬ר뷭ʮ·ĶʽÿһУɵĳ̶ȡ
ֱһд֮ʣӣ൱ʮ屶ĳ̶ȣҲ˵˼ҪһӵĹҪʮ꣬ӵзʮ·棬ֻҪԲڹΪϣܸ϶Էʮˣ湦֮֮
湦wν飬ǰߴŵֻнƷһϰã߾Եе˷ˣǧǰ𼣵ǸˣΪֹδ˵кϰãʩչ
Թʥʮ·Ķʱҫһ۾ϳ湦ľҲԴҴ֡
ģ壬ߵ廹ˣֵϽ𣬾ҲˣҶĶݺݵ˵֮к޾ɫ쳣һɨƽƦԣӢ֮
ҶĵĻҲ˰ҫ˵Ĺк˾ٴھԵ澳֮Ҳ˴˲벻һؿܺѹѹ˵ҲԶһͬ
˵ûʲôûͺúøаʥһսҲ޺ˣҫˬһЦ˵һ˲˵ĺ鱻˶㣬ÿûһ˿ηĴڣõֻӿȵս⡣
ܺãȺСݵǾԶʤаһգÿ˶ʸҵȭ£ɣǴʹ죡
ʥЦҲҫ۷жȻ𾴣Ȼҫı֮ԶĶڣͬս
Ǿǰָһˣɢ
ҫһﻰ£·ɢԺΧ֮ΧʥһЦεɫɽӿⳡսһܰҫպǧţʷ


ʮ սʥӲӲ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬籩һ쳹֮ϣǿɽ飬ǿ纣Хϯ֮ϣɨƽ˷Բʮ֮ڵɽ壬ƺ˵Ľ
ҫٿշˣһѪ֮ǰһСӲʥһȭ˺ڵһ㱻˳ȥֱɳʮ׿⣬ǿסΡ
ҫס֮ӭϮһεɫȭӡ޴ȭӡҫȫ֣ޱȣǧһһ˲䣬ҫǰֻеƬ˳һƬһΪתһޱߵᾢ˲䱬ǰһȭӲ
fɱ֡ɫʺж
ȻסһȭһȭľʵڿֲĺܣƬɣҲȥ󱻰ҫס˳֮Զ
ϴ󣬶סҫȹ֮󣬹ĵʵ
һһٽ˻˵һȭ̫ԵˣΪ빦֮ϣⳡս״򰡣
İɣǿҲˣ˾ͻûбһɱ֤ǲûϣȡʤͿôȥˣҫĹٵļЦͬʱһٴγս֡
ٿŰҫıӰЦһҡҡͷ漴˫Ŀһ˽е٣ɱȥʱսһ浹ʥһа࣬İҫǱ֮УӲʥһȭʽ
ҫҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣ˵ǰ㣬ڹΪռƵ£ôҲֻĬֲ˴֮ĲˣٲǾҪҫôȥˡ
ʱڰҫ¼ս֮ʣָҶѾʥ˾ָȳֻ֣˫˫۽תһᾢǣסʥ֫ᾢǿһĵȥҪʥŤתֵᡣ
ǰ˷ת
ᾢǺǣʥ棡ŲԼᾢʥЦһ˫ȭһɨ΢΢һһɾ˲𣬱ָеᾢǿʮָֹбڷĶת˲ѱƷ˳ȥ
ʮ·桤ͻUǧ
ɨָֹбƷ˳ȥ༸ҲͬеȲסΣʼе㼱
ÿ
ͻȻһȴ˽һ㶣ʶĺһ°δֻ֮˺ݺݵײ˷֮Уһȭ˳ƺء硢ˮֱ֮ϣǿȭƺɢһ࣬׺ݵ˶ɵĶǣ쳣͡
L񹦡һ
ǚȭͻϮ
ãȭƲףףǳãֵñʥһȭ°ֱͻԼķƣʥǰһ̾ΪȭʦһĹƣвһ˿֮⡣
ʥұ۾˳һȭһȭһ˲䣬һĹɽתʱӣȭ֮ͺɽһѹһ㱬һ˶εɫȭӡֱ产ˡ
ʮ·桤׾вأ
Ȼһ죬񱩵˺ɨķ°ȭεɫȭӡԺ֮ʣǵطˮ˲䱻ѹ˻ȥ
֮£°һѪֱĺ˻ȥұ۹ǽڱΣȻǱʥȭѾˣʥ֮ǰһȭЩ
Գ۷֮ȻܽҵķʹǱǷĳɾͱȻСʥаԳ°ԽԽȤеҪΪͽ뷨
ʱ°зˣҫǿʥ׷°༸ǰȴʱһɱ
ʥֻ࣬˫һӣ۹ĵ֮࣬绨ţԵøѤ뼲֮£籩һֱʥΧ֮Ѿʥе·
绨ѩ¡ľӳᣡ
ҫʥҲ࣬һ˫Ƶҵĵâƺһâݺύƾޱȣĵâ͵Ļ𾢣԰ԵƥƵӿʥ
죡
ڰҫļй֮£ʥ˿ûصĴ㣬ֻ˫΢΢˫ȭ͵ҵһȭȭߣɺ˵ȭ͸ǿת˲佫ҫ˵ĹƳ׻ȭȥƲݺݵĺˡ
ʮ·桤˫ϱ
ʥȭڰҫ˵ĹƵ¼˲٣ö˳˵Ļᣬһ˹ȥ
ۿŶ˶㿪ԼĹһĻȻʥԤ֮ڣɾҪ׷ҫʱеԼıһ˿󲪾ͻȻһʹɫһüͷ
عͷʱԭҶѾϢֻӥץĿסļһֻӥצǿסĺ󲪾ھ澭֮£ǿҲҪ˲ơ
ɷצ̣
ԭһܹҶҲǲôֻʮɹҲֻסʥѣҪﵽԼĿĸǲܵ顣
Ϊʥ̫ǿˣڷиɻҲֻΪԼֵǴѣǡõǰҫ֮˰סᣬǾ
ֱֻܵʥǰ̼ѽ۵㣬ʱһֻ׽ṹ룬һ˫ַնӳһ׺ıҪʥʬεļơ
ȭʬ
ɱпþȫżʹɱʥҲҪ˽ǣҶҲѾסˣ˵ԼĿӦܹɣҶĻǵ͹˷ʮ·
ֻʥЦһһ𣬻ǽڷһ˿ϸŵžҶͻȻеԼһɣԼԭ˵ļǰһѳҶĵצۣǰʥһʧǰĹȫϮ
ʮ·桤ƽѨ棡
һ¿ǴˮԼ˴ԼˣҶ죬ʱҲµȫƿƵλգʥһжƽ֮ʵԡ
Ҷ֮ʣʥζȻӿ죬εɫ˵Ʈٶȿ죬Ƕȵ׽ҶĵҪǿ֪ٱѸײڶ֮Ҷĵԣȭݺݵĺϣ˳ȥ
ʮ·桤м쮣
һԵķüͷһҪǰҶĽ£붯֮ʣֻʥֱͣת˲ǰ
ʶĺһ׻ȭһȭľҲСȴֱӴʥ壬һȭֻǺʥ۳Ӱһɼ׺ľҲʥӰҲ࣬һȭֱҲ˳ȥҴһɽ⡣
ʮ·桤ʤȳۣ
ʥʵǿĿֲҶġ°ˣҲô˵ʵֻʮ·ѣҪûⲿ湦ʥҲδǿֵزλаʥ֮ס
ʱսδ꣬кҶ֮ʥתͷͻȻͷ֮ϴһɼȵѹʹ
ʥ̧ͷһֻҫһȼգһֱһɶͣҫ˫һϣںϣγһżҶҫ۵Ļš
ŻŹ⿴ξ޿ƥ֮УһС쳣貣ⲿһ㵭ĻĿҫ˫ѹŻ˫Ŀһʥ˵ֱӶŻȥֱĺµʥҪӲӲˡ
һ˫ƣ
˫ô˼˵ʤҲǰ֮أʥЦһ̧һȭεɫȭӡֱΣȭӡˣһӴͱ׺ɢ
һĻķʥü⣬Ц˼


ʮһ Ļشȡʱ䣡
˫ƣеĵһԴӰҫ޳ֻ֮ʩչΣһԳ֮˰ʤĿռ֮ʵʵ˵һǶԸ֮סţ棬Էľǿкƣȥ
Ҳ˵˫޿ƥеģǰҫʩչĹټԪһͨ˫Ƶ𵱳һֹ
ھĵһܲܵеù湦ʮ·棬ܼ̾ʱҫһƶŷѹ£׾ٵıɢʥȭӡ
һĻҲٵĴʥһĿ̬ȻǺǰһĻҫԽǿԽ˷ܣǿ߶սƽ־Ȼҫʵ˵˵ôһǴﵽеĸ߶ȡ
ʥֱϣεɫӿ˳һȭ֮ʱ𱬷·һ쳹أȭ֮ǿһױȵ֮һڰҫĻ֮ϡ
ʮ·桤׷
Ȼһ죬˵˺ɨķǧףֲĻ籩·Ҫһϯת˲佫ʥû֮ѴﵽĿĵزɨƽ˷Բǧڵɽ壬ƿֲԸӵĵز
ɻ籩ϯһ࣬籩ɢȥ֮ʥٴγ˵Уʱ˫Ƶ˳
ʱʥɫҰףأڴƣ²˽֮ɫ͸һɴ̱ǵĽζʥаŴʥ֮ףǰδеǱ
ʥǱҫҲö٣ֻţؿɫ԰Ѫһ麹ͣĵ˾һ󲡣쳣ήңɴ˿ɼ˫ƵģİҫҲеԳܡ
ʥһȫеƶ˲ѹ£ҲǷʮ·еһУڶʱ˲ָ߳ƵУ̱Ԫ
ڻָһ֮ʥգҫǰ֮󣬳˵գ֮а˵˵һ֮ģϿƷɵӰӣշˣ͵ý֮
տʼһмһˣΪаеСˣ츳ٸߣôܻаĶ֡ǴӸոһУҾа¹Ȼûпˡ
˵ûˣշ˾ͱóɱ֮ȻĻаĵһ󻼣Ϊа˭Իǣ㲻ԡҫԸ˳а򣬽ȥ
⻰˼Ѿ൱ˣڰҫǰֻһ·ߣûеڶֻҫѡˡ
ҫĿʥһۣһЦͷʱ˵ĶѵҫĿסˣҪЭˣôŬô׷ˣ
֪ҫܵѹжأҲԭ˲ŻԹͿĸڰҫߣΪ˰ҫֵѹֵܵнû㸶ĸԸġ
ǰҫΪʲôҪаĵףһԭ⣬кܴһΪ˸ԼֵֻعֵǵĳԹҲһͬˡ
ôҫôشأֻЦͷڵ֪ô㲻ǵһҵа֣Ͳ֪ǲһˡаִ˲ƣɱңִ˲ƣңǺô
ֻǣҶٴΣҵĻش𶼲ı䣬Ǿǣ֮ⷽУаֻһô
Ļ˴һҫӦʥôָδѵҪҫֵպΪУһĻ붼ȥġ
ҫɻǸҫһֱûбԴǻǰϬӻôаʥɿڿĳֱǰ޽ɣǶеԼ԰ҫĻǶô޴
شеһģһôգǷˡʥҫĻŭޱĵ˵ͷ˫һ׹¶˫ȭ߬һɺ˵ɱӿεɫ·һɨҫȥ
ۼˣһԵ١һ״̬µİҫôʥĶ֣һȭ֮¾ܰࡣ
Ҳʱ򣬰ҫ˵ǰȡʱ䣬͹ˡ
˶һۣȻҫô˵ˣôʲôʤвŶԣοڵľƶ԰ҫ˵ҲͬΣĺܣҲ뽫ת£ʥɶȥҪǣסΪҫʱ䡣
һϵǿһ۹߶˵˵ͷݻηվߣ֮˫һʮöɫξƬУ˫һеξƬֱʥ
ʥΪмƳһЩȻٶ˵ЩȷҪ֮ǰЩ죬ȫͬնҲû̫ϣ̧־Ҫһȭ
ɾʥֵ̧һ̣ʮöɫľƬͬʱһֵһẠ̇һӣһǿҰ׹ⱬ׼Ĺһı˫ۣ⧲֮µʥһ˳˫Ŀ类͸һʹޱֱӱ
ľ둹
ǿ⣬ʥǿҲܱԼ˺οͻȻϮһ¿ĵаû뵽İȻʮ·ĸԭʩչ˼ޡ
һеҲͣ˫ٴγʮö̳ͬʥʮ̳֮󣬲ŷɹһľ룬ͻȻľ죬ҪʥĶĤ𴩣ͬʱʮöβͬʱ⣬ٶһֲĵزʥȥ
ľף
ǧһ֮ʣʥ͵һۣǰѲһʵĿռ֮Щ̳ʮöǰһ֮أɻöٶȹ죬¿ռ֮ʱѾˣöգһöֱۣһѪۡ
ʥˣԼĿɿڴһֱϵѪۣմȾѪһжģһ뻯۷֮һ۷֮˸˵ˣҪǴȥԺ䶯
ʥûвȻŭǴĿ˵ðɣòŮպвȰҫҲҪ
һ䣬ʥֱһ̧׼ſֱһأ˳ȭһǿľ練·һ㽫סž͵Լ
ʮ·桤ͻ
ۼڴˣҲȲȥˣһһɱʥٶ˰֣ߵͷٶȣɹٴͷһչơ
һ˫Ŀʱ⣬ۿҪʥǰһ˲ٷ˫ϥ֮ϣ˫ֽ͵һڵğoҪɣٶʱһĿĽɫ⡣
ʱ䣬͹⽣һַǳϷʽγʮЩǳʥ磬ǹ֮ͬʱһǿҴ͸֮ѹʥ
fɱ֡ռɱС޶ż֪ҷȻ񷣡
ʥĿһĻ˵ðɣջ֮ǰۣٵãСˡ
˵꣬ʥҲͣʮԽߣֻ΢΢˫ȭȭ淺һεɫӫ쳣貣֮˫ȭ໥ײһײ֮²ɽһľ磬һǰЩȫɢ
ʮ·桤춯ƣ
ʥ֮ɫһΪٵϢˣ֮ǰһкľ˹ٵһήҵĲС
ʱʥ͵ıһɼֲˣʥĿֻҫһɫĻ𾢲ƣһַǱѰĸо
ʥ£ڶ ϰɣ


ʮ ˵ͻƣ
𾢰˵ӦǳɫǣʱҫĻȴǷǳİ֮ɫıĻֻǻ𾢵ɫѡ
ƶŷ츲صı仯Ǻ˵ɱ⣬·Ѿ˱Ƶһ̣ˣǰİҫһ̥ǵĸоһ޿ƥеơ
¶ϲɫǲ֪ҫôͻȻǿĻ𾢣֮ǰһҪģŰʱôͱǿ
ʵһлҪ鹦껵ĵҩڰҫ֮ʱ껱Ϊ׼ת𵤣֮ǰҫһֱûжõĻᣬպܵϡ
ھת𵤵Ч֮£ҫֻϢʱԻָʮ״̬ͻȥĹѾǾǾ񹦵Ĵ󾳽һ㣬Ļ֮
ԹʱʥôֱĿŰҫǹ𾢾Ȼһ˿ϸ΢ļ֮УҫŤŤӣԴ˫Ŀƺڸоʲôϻдʡ
ţʱؽͬȻʱӦǸҲû취ˣ˳ͻȥɡ
ҫĻеĪ˶ĻʱعҶġ°ָе˻صս֮ϣҫģһ֪ƣԵеãȻֻãȻҲɻĲС
ʱ򣬰ҫ֮һַǳԵĿռ䲨ͺĿռ䱻ʲôӰˣŤͣԵüΪ죬˿ʲô˼ʥȴԴʧɫ֪ʲô뻯ռ֮
뵽ʥǰδеĿֲɱ⣬İҫǷɱɵģ˴ŴžͻˣҪһֱȥֱͻƵ֮ͨ츳ֱ˼㡣
°ҫպĳɾֹͣаĴô򵥣ڲɱ˵аպпܻϣʥо˵Ʒɣ澳ͻƣԽսԽ£·ûһ㲻ϵȥ
ڰҫҪ˵澳ͻҲ׼ȷΪչصʱ򣬾ѾлͻƵ뻯ֻǵʱҫǷǳǿĸ˿ռ䱾Դҫͻȥô¾ͻͣ뻯ˮƽ
ɲǰҫҪģҰĿɲֹôһ㣬Ŀǲа񣬹뻯ɲ߱ӵжԵı£һʱջ㲻ʲô˳ͻƲҪģΪǷǳֱӵĸ˿ռ䱾Դ˿ûǣǿĳɷڡ
ʱʥٶ룬֪ڲ˷ʱʱҪðҫͻƵ뻯֮ǰɱʱǲܷģÿ⡣
ҫأһԵĸйоһжܱ׾ٵĵͬʱҲһַǳı仯ԭѾںϵɵĵزֹֿʼںˡ
ֿռ䲨ǿңãҫҪͻƵ뻯ˣסǸʥҫȡʱ䣡
ͻȻʶ˰ҫڸʲô͵һһȵķɳʥͷϳһöǱ״ͼƣ˵Ʊ쳣ǿʢٶҲǱǿ֮
˵ʱʱ죬ͻȻǿٵԶԶ˦󣬵˷Ӧʱʥ֮Ѳ׵ľ룬Ҫʥ˼Ѿ֪ʥǿһĻǿľһĳȥ
Ѿ˲ԼʥĲжֻаҫİΣʲô¶˲ˣֻ˫һͬʱ둹뾪ףǿͬʱ֣ϰ֮Ƽ侪ˣҪʥ
һʥ˳ֵ׼νһǵһǣǿֱӷԼӾĴ֪ĹƷ˫ȭһɨǿķ羢쫷ϯķֱӴ
ʮ·桤ͻUǧ
ۼԼһͿƶˣҲţָƬëɫͰҲֱͣ˦ʥҲͬʱһȭҪö𿪡
öڽӴʥȭӡʱҶƮһ㣬˲ı˷ƹǱֱȭӡһ˲ֱʥüġҸķ켣֮֮꣬Ѹͣ޿ޡ
绨ѩ°ľ°
һ¿Ǿʥһ亹գǺգԼȫѾ˿ռ֮ķ㣬ö֮⣬ĻԼˣȫһ˿һĽҡ
ʱʥŭ˼㣬ԼһŮ޾һ亹ҪǴȥպô߽Ϊ˵Ц߳ŭ֮£ҲܰҫˣȰɱ˵
ʥһƮ޶ٶȸǿ棬ӰͣĻתεɫһĿĻ棬ֻգ۲ʱ
ʮ·桤rZ棡
ʥʩչʱûзӦʥǶݺݵĺһȭһȭʵ޻ȭע˴֮ǿͱѣһɿֲı֮ƣݺݵĺıš
ʮ·桤滪
һѪ֮ʱһĹ켣˶һϵҶһŭϳɫͼƣ֮ǰǿ˫צĿʥţοʼŤתҪͷ­š¡
ոҪת֮ʱȴʥųɹµһȭ˳ȥ֮ϵ˳ͬʱԼǿʽʥҪĻҷ
ʥۼ˷ޱȵĹƳԼһ˲ʮɣ˫ȭһݺύ಻籩һ֮ȭӡһ˲ѹ˵Ĺƣͬʱȫɣȭ֮֮ǿƥߣܵ
ʮ·桤ɱ
ҫ˫۵ʱ򣬸պÿһĻԼֵǱɣԼİ˱ĿѪ׹ֱ£ҫ㶵ĴסˣǰһĻ˶ݵʧ

ҫһ˵˻һӣռ֮ٵ˰仺أ漴һ˲Ƶ߽䱧뻳С
ѾͷѣѣҪҰҫһҡһ߾ʧĺҪڣѾصĲأҲֻһ֮
һѪԭĻԿʼ˹˫Ŀ֮󣬿ǰİҫЦЦֲΡΡ̧ڰҫգڵҫأͻƵ뻯ڿԳƺΪأպߣҪúõչԼأҿܰС溣Ǹ㶼˼ԺǴչ㣬Ҳˣ
ҫץס֣£ҵ˵ģģ㲻ģѾͷ㲻ģҲģԺӻҪѾͷأȻҲ֪ôߵģѾͷҪôҪôˣ
ЦݼЩɫѾԽĲҰ涵ĵЦɵϣǲģֻǣֻǣĺ᲻ѽ
һ䣬˫ĿһɫıۿڰҫϵҲĴ䡣
ִ֮ʣҫͷǹʧȥֿʹ࣬ȫ֮б˳ޱȡ
ôˣǱʥͺǻȪ֮ǰԵɣʱʥڰҫ󵭵˵
̧һȭʱһɼֲĺڻױ֮ϣֱĺ棬ͬʱһֱ׵ľ޿ӣ޿ףʥǰûг֡
֮ϣŴ쳣׺ݵĿǴ޿ӣ֮ǰǿֲһģֻûһף˹ȥ
֮ʱҫͷ˸ָռ֮ƵƮڵ֮ϣҫôͷϽš


ʮ ɴ
ɽһսһ䣬ⳡаҫ֮ĴսҲ˳ȥΪ˽˽ֵĻ֮һ
ҫٴδ漣аǻаʥ֮׵ʥΪ֮𵴡
۷ͨߣȻ뻯۷ĴߣϢҪǷǰԲţһдӰȥ˶ǲòˣӶһȻ󲨣Լ԰ҫ˵ʵĿ࿴
Ȼ⵱еʵ飬󶼲֪ģʥΪʲôᱻҫ˴ܣǻҪ˵ĪеǵԴΣʱʩչʥǺڻױĪƵ
ֻǶñԴ֮Ҳǲظ˹ȥȻΰҫӮаһأɸĴҲ൱Ĳأҫ˳˰ҫ⣬˻ԣһߣֻ̤˹Źء
ûûеҵҫʱǸʧǵģֱ˵ûʱҫһӾ·ԡһ˾
ڰҫĺ£û˿ɫɻԲѣҫҲһЩͬѰĶϢȫޣ΢ԲҪǶͨռ֪֮̽Ҳֲˡ
δϣȴ޷ѣȻ뵽˼״̬֮УܹоڶʱʹѹܾҪ
ҫȻ鷢ȻһôͲԼȥҲԥȥѡ
ֻǶҲһĪչ̼Ūɳ׾һʱҲûð취ٰ֮£ҫֻûûҹĲѯżҪҳķ
ҹҫһû뿪鷿ôԲԼҹĲѯŹżҫǰ˲칬Ĳ鶼һ飬ҳٵİ취ҫȴһʹá
Ϊеİ취ǴͬС죬ҪһͬˣͨǿƴƼߵأһ˲ڵõӴǿԵѹ
һ¿ѵҫΪǼ֮ڹķo˪ڰҫСԵĹ֮Ҳв٣֮һûУҫ޴ֵĸо
պ󣬾ڰҫ֮ʣҵ˰ҫֳǸʧǵĴģ̾һҡҡͷ˵ʦܣȥҲǰ취磬ĵ￴Ǽʶ㣬ֵ˲٣а취Ҳ˵ѽ
ԣôû뵽ҫͻȻһ˫Ŀƺ뵽ʲôæ˳ȥǰ˵һҪȥһѩѱʦｻִ֡
ʧٵİҫûлع֮ǿЦͣԼػһﾪˣҲ֪ҫȥѩѱʲôˣҪ˵ⷽػ˭˟o˪ѩѱɶǣĵõӡ
ѩѱ֮ڣͻȻһȦȦռͣɢҫ߳һʧոճֵһ̣ĵӰͬʱֵߣΧѩѱĴī¡Ϲٻסѩܹܡ
ҫʱ˶һīͷʵҫôոһص뻯ûп
ҫһ㶣漴ҡͷЦԼææĸкûд򣬻ǷҫǸȻһЦ˱˱ȭڵ³ûͨλǰǰǺһ
һ£˼˵Ǹ뻯㣿īһָŰҫſһ̵һƻ°Ͷûϡ
ֻīһ¶Ȼı飬ҲͬԾĿŰҫϴΰҫ뿪ʱǰˣŶ̶̵ѣҫʹʥQ뻯ȥֱ췽ҹ̷
˴˺һᣬʵǱĲУʲô뻯ʲôʱɴײˣ˵ͽ츳֣ûбĴˡ
ûͻûãԺ˵ĽݲзǳҪ£ôҫЦһѯʵ
ĸҪ³ȥˣʱڲҲϵҫӺܽ˵˵ܰʲôæģ׿˵
ԴӰҫΪޱޱѰ֮߰ĻħɮޱޱڵĻ޵еԻ⣬׶ݶһֱ԰ҫȻǿмӣοҫ𼱻ǵģ϶ǳʲô£ֻҪԼܼôȻᱨ߰Ķ顣
ҫ˵ͷɽһսԵ˵һ֪״̬֮˽ǴʧɫɲʲôС£Ľݷ򸾵ĶŮǶ˵飬ҪиʲộĽݷ򸾾Իᷢ裬ȻֳһЩƺĻ
㣬Ҫһo˪ĸѾͷͨأѹˣ˵ĹԽԽã¶Ľݲ˵Ӧ׾ٵġҫҴҵ˵гڴ֮ɫ
ǳĬˢˢĿī£ϹٻŰҫָī£ڵҫ㲻ҵĸˣΪҲ֪ļ״̬Ҳδزܽ⣬Ҽ๫ľǟo˪һԵĸ֮¹ǿһ
ī³̾һĶͷҫ˵Ȳ˵ҫȴȥ
īǰˣ°ҫûպõľܿڱǣ֪оˣҫȻϲ⣬īǧлī°˰˵׾˾ˣô֮ˣīˣҹȥɣ
ҫ˵ͷһӣǰĿռһռɢһĻī΢΢üҲû˵ʲô
ҫī֮󣬿ռʧ٣ָָʧĵطڵֻܴ֮򿪿ռ䴫͵ķô
ѩܹϹٻһۿЦҡͷ׳̾һڵһ˲𰡣
˲칬ڵ᷿УīԴڴ˿üͷš˸ƺʲô
һᣬī̾һڵȻǿѽ
һҫס漴ɫһֳ䣬״̬ˣī¾Ȼ˵˶ˣΪֱǻ֮
īƳһ۰ҫû˵һҪ˵ģû˵˵ȷһԵֻҪѹﵽo˪Ǵ˵е۷徳Ӽ˵ǲѽ
ҲʲôģֻҪѾͷܰȻҾˣīϣѾͷΣҫҡҡͷ˵
īĿҫ΢ЦͷڵţܺãĵģҪһ£ҰﲻǹһһΪѱˣԸʹģǷҪѰϹʮ֮һĵɴˡ
ҫüڵ֮ʥ䣬޵ô֮е֮Чĵɴ
ī΢ЦҡͷڻصǿˣɴĲţ˲֪ǣɴʵǟo˪ﵽǱӼıҪͨܽo˪ıӼȫˣϧɴʧǧ֮ãҲ֪״ںδ
ҫüϢ뻵Ϣһ֣еЦãڶ˿˼Բ֮ʣֵ˶ǰҲȶ˿ڣһҫ˵ʦܣ˵κ޷ˣ
ҲκˣҴɣҫ˰֣˵
򷢲˵ģ˵Ҫ㻹ģҡҡͷЦ
ҫüͷһ壬˫Ŀ֮ɱ֣ڹκ޷Ҫҫ飬ֱǾ仰ҫеɱתϣ
˵֪Ϲʮ֮һɴ׼ȷλҪʦȡ


ʮ صˣ̶
Ϲʮ˼壬Ϲʮ֣֮ʮܣÿһо֮ܣ֮˵ҫСġ򷨟o
һɣ֮УйٵĴѾôҪܹٿ֮飬֪֮
򷨟oֻϹʮ֮һǧʱѳϹʮֱǡ򷨟o塤ʮֻؾϹŽ
Ϊֹɲ֪٣ɾһʱпʼйϹʮ֮һɴķλѶϢһСֵšɴǳ׼ȷڷλ֮һ
˲칬֮ϣκ޷΢ЦĿŰҫҫҲд˼⺮һ׻֮󣬶⣬κ޷絥ֱЦеĿڵ׹ǰĿģظӦø˰ɣ
ʱͬգڵİҫԷǵɱȣİҫȨƣֻǽһ΢Ķأ˲칬ϷǰĴڡ
ҫΪ˲칬֮ȻˮǴߣаУŴռϷ磬˹Ŀ࿴Ǳ֮Զ
ǱĻֹǰ˲칬аҫһ֮ӴҪоԵĸ֧ŵģǰ˲칬ɾ˰ҫǰҫɾ˰˲칬Ŷԡ
Ҳˣκ޷ټҫ֮ʱҲòϾȥǰֱǾԵκ޷ˣϾʵϵĲҷ
Թ쳣׵κ޷磬ҫҲʾԼĲСڣֻ˰ֵЦκֲڣҪκַһҲûнأԣκ飬ǱȻҪģϾԶҿɵأ
κ޷ԵȻһЦڵڲɷϣ׹壬¸мǴ¾Ͱ׹ˣ粻˳٣ʵǵ鲻ã뼴̣֪׹Σ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Ц޷ҽһЩˣһͬǰУȻҫֻ˵Ϊɴ˰Ʊܰٷ֮ٵĽɴŶ
ȻԵ֮ٺòԵ֮ҲǿһԵãκ޷絹Ҳִ֪磬ЦŻص
ҫ˵ͷֿ˼뿪˭ҲôһȥһЩ˻Ҫһµģκ޷Ҳû˵ʲôĵţҫī֮ʱ˵Լеĳɣǰѡ
Ҫôҫ˽壬⣬õɴֱ֮ӽκ޷ڵ˸ɱˣȻЯȥһֻҪ·ǰҫܴܵӰ졣
Ҫôǽ߾ȫκ޷ǵɴȻԴ壬ﻻþԼеʱȡκ޷ϵĵɴ취Ҫҫ൱Ĵۡ
ҲֻܶѡһΪĹϵҲе˷磬Ҫī⣬ⲻʻãһʶ˰ҫǵûеõĺѡ񣬴ԷӻΪǶ˸ִ൱е
īµ˼ֱˣùô࣬Ҫ˸ҷֱӰҲˣν⣬ֻҪȭͷʵǿа˼Ҳ˵ʵһУҲڽеһ˶˼ɣ⵹Ҳ޿ɺǵ顣
Ǹպ෴ϣҫ˸ùϵýͬˣռݰ˷ĶϷһ£Լߣպ׼Ҷ֮󣬽γ𸮡ˡħ׼ҡѩѱİΧƽаΧƣʱ򼸼ֶԸаڵλϻзǳơ
Ҳ˵˵ĶԣȴиԵڣҫ˼޹֮󣬸ɴ˭İ취ãһ˳ȻˮɣɴǱҪŪֵģΪغ
֮󣬰ҫһ£Լڵʱһִ֣úչ˻ԵԼԺһȴɻԵĹˣκ޷ǰݰ˷֮صĶϷصפء
ˣλ֮⣬˷֮صĶϵ˺ǽ˾֪ģΪǵɽŲûһ̶ĵص㣬ÿһλãҪҵ˵Ĺ̶פأǻ졣
Ϊ۷֮һˣɫĲͣǨƣûм֪ˣҲصԭ֮һһصĵطǣ˵ж󣬳뻯ĸж٣ͬΪ֪
ҫ֮һеأ˽Ϊʲôܹ׵ǨƣΪǵɽžһ߿ƶģ·ɽӴĻϡ
Ǵûˣ꣬ƶվʱаɿ⣬аĶңףȻȷвˣ˵פؾλıȥһƶһ㣬Ϊˡ
ڿҫǸ𾪵ıʱһԵκ޷Ҳ΢ЦЦҫ˽ȥڽ˵פ֮󣬵Ҳûзʲôرֵùע¡
Ҳֻ˵˿ѡطҫλ˵ƿߣ}Ĵ}еһ˿ĺ棬뵽ͻפأ˱ȻʲôѰ֮
ڽ֮󣬰ҫͨռ֮̽һ˵ʵҲ۷ͷг֮ʮλ֮࣬뻯ĴҲΪߵѾﵽ뻯ڵˮ׼ǲС
ûãҫǴ˵}Ĵ}λ}ҫĵһӡͨǳͨӽ˶Ҳͣò͡ȫûʲôص㡣
ɼʹ˰ҫҲûСƶԷλ}ڣǸһƽӹĻôⷽص˸ɲô뻯ڵΪ˸߿һۡ
԰ҫҲǿмӣȫûмӣǸƽ׽˵̬Ӱ죬ҫ}Ҳ̸ҲǺѵʱû˵䣬ҫ⣬ѯйصɴľˡ
ɴľ巽λеģֻ֪طҲв٣Ǹطҿ˰׹⣬Ҳܽȥ¿»Ҫ׹ˣ΢Ц˵
ҫ΢Цͷڻص޷κֵ飬ȻҲнİҫ±ػȫԸȻծҫµ
ˬһЦڵ׹Ϊسŵպ׹ʲôҪĵط˱ػᶦ
Ǻǣ}ˣҿ粻˳٣Ǽ̶֪ɺãҫ˰֣΢Ц
˵ͷתͷһԵκ޷󺺿ڵС硢϶׹һˣǶҪӰ׹ķԸô
˱ȭǣǸϹϾģȻžԵĻȨҫ˼󺺣}еĶ}}Ϊڳ۷֮ʵ䲻ס
ҫŶòĵ˵ͷҲǹֿ˼䣬ǰɴڵķλص㣬һǳص̶
һ·ϣҫûʩչԼ뻯Ŀռֻ֮Ǳֳ۷ΪѣҫԼʵʵҲôϻɡ
ԭκ޷˷½ģʵֵ̫ǿǲ̫Լִ£ҫֳʵ߲͵Ҳոպá
˷ûãһɽȵͣ˾аϣܵĻȷʵһʵǣ¶ȵ͵Ŀ£Ѿӽȱĳ̶ȣûߴ¾Ǵ̶ˡ
Ҳ飬Ȼλã㿪ʼ׹ȥǲ׹ͬʱܵ¶ȿʼ½һֶĸо˵ΪȻңҲѲסǡ
˽䵽֮ǰȻʣһ޴ĵɫ⣬Ѿȵһһ˰ҫע⣬аκӵˣлƮƮ


ʮ ķ¾Ⱥ
̶˷֮أϵһյأ̶ռǧףһ굽ͷ±ȱ£̶ĸ溮ޱȣ顣
Ѱûӽ̶ǧڣµĸڴ˵ضһ֮ϣᱻĶУҲֻг񾳵壬ֲֿܵĺ
̶ֵĺܣΪϹʮ֮һĵɴȻ
Ȼˣûʸ뵽̶ĴҪǵıˣҲֻʱ򣬲ֳʵǿΪһûǸʸ⺮̶Ե
ʱĴܹķҫڵΪһʣµҲˣֱǾ塢Լҫ޵аǰٶҫֽ鲻̫õġ
ˣǻıδ󺺣Ϊ;Ȼﵽų߿⣬·һͷֱĹܣ͵С
½λ֮һսİڽɽǱһ˴ģеλڹ֮¡
ˣһϵľӣǷĸһϵˡ֪ӣųĵӱΪӣǷĸĵǱ֮ΪŻ˳
ξŻ˳ˣÿһǹɫ㻨òľˣͷǾŻ˳еڶšɿȸ֮Ƶ꣬ΪѴ۷壬ʵС
ٿаߣͷκӵƮƮ⣬߻£Χκӵ߲ͣİķУʣµһ˻²ؽ˺ɫ֮УǴĶñڸ֮ӣԵüء
δ갡ҫּˣκӵǰкǸЦеģԶδѣԵøС
ҫƳһۣûأԹԵĴ߾ƮƮǰǸκӵ޶õģᵽ˼㣬κӵʲôߵ²ˣ׷׽
ҫȻүôĵӣٹү񣬷ĻҪ㡣ҵ껰û˵꣬ڰҫһָ֮£͵Ĵһɼ͵Ļ棬ֱӱȼشͣĲҽС
ҵĹ̫ûòˣҽѵһ£ɣҫͷҲص˵
һֿŵڳˣһָȼһˣǸ˻ǳ񾳵ĸֳ֣ľԲһ֮вҫͶ䱸Ŀ⡣
ӦýѵĶԣκӵ򶨵Цʱ΢ЦǼٵĿԣסˣǾ㵵ĲС
ҫǰκӵŵĲ壬һ̣ԼҫĲ࣬ѾһּΪ˵ĳ̶ȣŪװҫôֵġ
ʵʵϵĲˣ֮ʵ̫ôʵĿʵǿģһ似ĸоʱ˿κӵҫǰ㣬Ǵĸо֮С
ߵ¾͸˵ˣһŵɫĻٽͣʶһ㣬ҫǵģǾˣκӵҲΪǳͷô˭ָȥǡ
ʱİҫܵһжǲǣôֱĿƮƮǹεѹƮƮϢĸо
ûƮƮʵǲظʶȥɲôˣҫȴʼճǰʩչ£ҲûѰҫ
ƮƮ֪Ѳ˰ҫҧгݵĵͺȵҫΪĻֺܳˣҪǰչʵ䱻裬Ըȥ
£ҫޱĿƮƮ˵֮ǰҴӦͱʲô¨ӣҶһҸĳŵԷǸҶǣҵۣҵĵߣһǿԲسŵһصġ
˵꣬ҫͷҲصת뿪͵ƮƮ֮ǰôһ˲䣬ƮƮоԼʲôҫܵ£ңֻĸоÿȥҲ죬еŭ𣬸ӵʢ
κ֣صɴţǲ⴦̶ôҫߵκ޷ǰʵ
ɳ֮ǰǵֲָ֮УҫʱŻعһĭ˵ͷڻص鱨ûгĻӦ棬ֻȷеλãҲҿ϶Ͼ⴦̶̫ˡ
ҫ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôת̶漴Ҳһͷ˽ȥٶһӦ
аظ֡½񡢾Ż˳꣬ͬʱ𣬽Űҫһͷ˺̶ڲȻҫʵǿҲȵǡ
̶ڲ֮󣬴Լʱ䣬ͬʱ˺̶ǵĽ»ʮȺһʱһɾˣڰϵ˶һ
ͨѩףִ߿⣬¶Ѿ׵ĳȣǹ˵ˣ⻹ǵȫͣһ뻹ں̶档
ڴʱ˾гʮޣÿһ궼ǧϣʵԱ֮£ǳ񾳲ɵ֮
˵ʱʱ죬ȺŰҫ˳ˮ֮󣬾ͿʼΧҫˣһѪڵģɵѰգеĺˮһ¶ȸǵ͵һˮĳ̶ȣ侪ˡ
һж԰ҫ˵ҲʲôǰҫǸ䵭ģȫûнЩֻǽŵüͷƺ˼ʲôҲģʵǹĺܡ
ǰһĻ˶󲻵ģֱʱǲʶԼһʶϵĴǾǵ汦ڱȻް棬ǳʶ
ƫƫʶ˶ûпǵڿɺã˴ˣɴ˭ңҪķĸжǿˡ
ʱҫ½꣬Լɫظ֣ʼȺչԵĴʵͬһˮƽϣǳ۷Ϊ
½ȭ£׺ݰԵȭǺޱȣһֿ֮£ȻֱӽӲĺ䱬ǧͬ½ҲԽԽ˷ܵĿЦѪ񣬼ֱսתΪսΪս
ٿߣһŮӵģ⶯ɲѷɫָֻݺύɨ·ˣһ㽫ΧնΣǸģûЩʵס
аɫظ֣õƷƾһּǿı֮ʱһֱӾܽըͨ͸һֻһƣһ֮ûһܻģһӾյ
ٿҫҫõǾ֮е߸ͰԵһ·ҵĵâ׾ٵն˾ܽ䳹׷գĹܽٳɷɻңҪ˵֮ǿϵľҲģϢ֮նɱʮ֮ࡣ
ҫ˵¾ȺǸв˵ӣ˿ʼЩȺƺӣа˼ս֡
һսżգ۵Ĺ㱻ıͷǱĻصԭλԹԵİŹڵĽɫ
ԭΪֻ԰ҫ˶ԣ˵Ⱥǿĺܣ׼ȷʵԱӦڳڵңҲӦǧϡ
ʮǧľޣЩܶԿģûɱ㲻ˣǰһĻǰҫɱȺѪڣ̾ϢֹǶ԰ҫ˵ǿʵеĽ̾Ϣ
һ֮ǰʮҫ¾ֻʣ֮ززҫҲ׷ɱԻصԼӪС
ҫصκ޷˵ǰʱκ޷Դٵʵ׹̶еɴô
ҫ˵ͷڵеģ
ǰ׹õôκ޷ϲʵ
ҫҡҡͷ̾һڻصòģɴķھӡ̬Ŵ˰ٱ̶࣬ײҪóǰ̶ˮɡ


ʮ ǧޣڣ
ʲô
κ޷ʧɫҫɫ˵ѣǵɴķھȻӡģһ鲼̶ĵϣ˹Ϊ֮ɴȡ
Ҫɴȡ֣ǿǲף취һǱ뺮̶ףɴķھһĳ¼ǧ׷Χĺ̶µó¼һɣû˳ԵģûȥҪķܹ֣ĺܡ
һ취ҫ˵ǰ㣬̶ˮֻǽɣٽƤȥоȥǿŵĺܣǧ׵ĵƤ;ܽ𻵣ķѵĻʧһ͵òʧˡ
ʵ취˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳ򵥣ֻһڴˣǾͼˣǳ¼ǽƤߣ׾٣ѾڣĹڴˣ˭ԷõɴĶ֮࣬ȫûϵĿܡ
ҪȵĽɴŪ֣Ǿϼˣ˭֪᲻ᰵС˵ڳ¼ʱ㣬һԲ㣬ĳ¼
ֻߵƤ֮󣬳㲻Ƥ飬Ǿһɢľ棬һ˶ֻ֪ǲ֪ǣҫ˻ڵһ顣
֮ǰ뺮̶֮˲ֻǷʮѣͬʱһֻޣһֻʮһ𣬻ҪӴޣֻǾȷǲŲò
κ֣ҾǵֲҪԮֲУĻ
ҫû˵ֻ꣬һĳ񾳴󺺣ֵߵ̶Եֱһȭڵϣͨȭ𵴣̶ˮ˲䵹죬Ϊһ
ģ²࣡
½ŭһǰһ߿ţɫ쳣ŭŵ²ԣĿ½ûлع֪Լʲôʵͱ˴¨ӡ
֮ǰԼ˵취֮󣬻û˵̶׻һֻ޵Ĵڣһ¾̲סһˡ
ɰ½ķζըˣϰҫ֣ȸֻ޵ĵϸȥӦ֮
еʱ䣬ɴĿھķͰҲܣҰ£Լ˿԰ͰƻڿɺԼôһ֣ҲûʱƻʲôˣֻӲͷƤȥսˡ
ǰһĻһʱûлعֻаҫ꣬ԼظֶԵеܻаǴеļƷçײľٶóȷǳ²ࡣ
̶Ե̶ˮѾ֮ǰһȭ죬γһ̶ֻ꣬׵ĵϣӡַÿһַɢŵӫ⣬һȥҲѤĺܡ
ȻûĴֻӴڣ潫ӵĿֻҲûʲôر𣬾һֻŴϰٱľ޴ѡ
ֻ޴ȴ˴˼ǿҵѹȸУǶԾ޴ĺͫۿ˭ԷͷֳһӽΨҫһ˴ĿЩַûãҫ˦˦ͷ֮гһĨϲ֮ɫ漴ʧ
أ
һ죬˶һֻֻĴ֣֮ǰȭ̶ˮ񾳸ָĳ࣬ٶ֮죬ڳ˶ûп壬½񶼸ˡ
һֻǧޣһϣһȣߵŻ˳ֱ֣ɱȥ
һ֣ɱɴ˭Ҳõɱٸƾ£ɴ
˵κӵĻҲ˶ûʲô飬ֻ㼸ڸʮ֮һĵ棬ɱʮ֮һķھû¶Ƿɱɵġ
ǣ֮ʣˡ塢аķĵֻ޴չ籩һĹơ
˵ǧޣսˮƽִﵽһʲôĲΣ֮ϵֻڤ׻ǧ꣬ѾҪͬʱΧܽƷĳѾﵽʮ֮ҪԸֻǧޣҲδ̫ơ
֮ⷽ䣬޵͵ͬʵˣͨİ޷ʥɵУﵽ֮ͱҪ񾳷ֿܵ
һ㣬ǧǳ񾳵սˮƽǧֱ֮Ϊȼֱǧꡢǧꡢǧ꣬սԱȣǧ൱ڳ۷ҵսǧ뻯սײ㡣
ǿֲľǧޣ֮ⷽǷëǰĴڣ䲻޵ҲǼǿĴˣҪû뻯۷Ϊʵ޿ƥеġ
ڰҫϵֻǧޣսˮƽ൱뻯ңҫȫԸǹƥܽɱ񹦵ľһȫ汬ֻƻɰҫͣζӦò
ҫʱû뻯ʵֻó񾳵ΪʵչƣҲֻаظָеܺ棬ܸоԷҲΪɲĸоҫòһ֡
ڰҫظʱԷȻҲע⵽˰ҫֻ֮¶͵Ķñ֮£ͻȻһּΪɭЦݣɭ׵ݣŵǣֲĸо
Թʱķһ𣬿ս㣬ߵĴʮ׿磬ƴڳҪûг۷ΪֻҪУҲҪȥ
սʮϢĹ˱ĳֻ࣬ƺ׷Ǳ߿ʹ½ƣڱҲ˲Լ£ûãѾսԼҲƣӣظ
ҲˣΪ˱ⲻҪҫԼȫ£ֻԼ˶ֻ㣬ˣ˷ſֽȥһʱ˾֡
ɾʱ򣬾չֳΪǧ޵츳ǾǼѸٵżĹЩҫ˺ƵĴ֣Իָá
һĻĿɿڴҫ˵ɫҲ̫ÿʵֲֻ̫ó۷ʵȥ򣬾Է˲ԼԼҲɱ˶Էȥֻûûˡ
ҫͷ˼Դʱľǲòˣ붨֮аظҲߣЦе˵˵ҲҴˣɴƽ֣ѽ
ǣ˼ôƽַҫһһǳЦ
򵥣ҸԳ¼һݴȥ˭Ҳ˭ôظִ˸ָЦ
ҫƳһۣڻصû⣬аĸҲ֪һЩҵǵһμаӺְѽ
Ǻǣһа̫ˣЩһľʵе㿴ȥֻسظʼ磬漴ñƿ¶ſӣ˵ڣһˣ
ҫһЦһǶԷֻһһɰɫĻ͵ıһ˲ܵ¶ȱüȣӿȼ侪ˡ
񹦶幦
һĻڳ˶һǶû뵽ԭҫһֱʵɿ񱩵Ļ𾢣Ǹеһǿҵļ¸С
ڴʱһԵЦݸˣҫһĪζǾ裬֮ͣ׽漴ҲԼȫʵչֳͣ˿ѷɫڰҫ
ڶ˱ȫʵֻ֮ҲתͷҫгһĽ䱸֮ɫЦһһ۰ҫָŴ㿪ڵҪҪһѡ
ôģҫҲһۣĻص
Ͷ˭ȾƣôѽЦе˵
ҫüתͷڣоڸЩакܴĲͬԸ˵Ҷеƣ⵹ȤеǷҲ˺ܶࡣ
û⣡ҫڣ΢Ц
˶һ΢Цͷ漴תͷֻ㣬һŴ̶Ʒȥ


ʮ ֻ֣ܵжԣ
ǰҫڵĵһ֣ҲһΣԺ˵Ĺϵ൱΢ѣʱͷѪʱֺõĸֵƵģʵ׽
ҫҲ˴пϵۣڵǣϧԼû뿪аͶҫı£ΪҫĺܲԼζͶΪ˴Ҳйͬ㣬ŪҪжԡ
ҫǣ˺ƽ⣬ϧһаţҸܳΪƽǵĬֱģȴӪòΪжԹϵ컯Ū˰
ʵÿ˵һܻˣһûɵر𷴸Уһûɵرͣͺڤڤ֮жѾź˵ģ˱Ȼг֣ҫھڵһ˵дա
Թ񣬰ҫֶԿǰֻǧ޾㣬ֻҲоǿ˶ɵǹѹȫ½Ĵڣʼ˦Ŵ֣Űҫڳȥ
ҫһȣֱϣۿžĴ֣Ҳ㣬˫Ƶնһ˲䰵ɫĻ浶âݺύգ֮㽫ĴնΣֱӸˣâ֮Ҿޱȡ
˫ͣ
ҫȰͷһԵȻҲֱֻĳ˶ͷ­һ˳ƺƾֲ˵绡ϯķ½æ󳷲ճϰ֣Ƽ侪ˡ
ӡӡҷ𣡡
һصĺ˾ͷ­ϣʱһ죬绡ɨķȻǲ䶯Ĵ֣ԼǶɸڵһʵʵڵĴ
ģƤ񣬱ϻһܽзһƸ̫˺
аֻȷƤ񣬿ȥռϷ磬ʵӳɶûУԾ˵ֻʹˣȻأǱһƸŭˣͳֿڶȥ
˲ÿ
ƲƲ죬ҫĵͺԵе㲻ͷҲʲôçײ֮ˣԼһȥҲûԾʲô̫˺ðҫϣܹʱ鹥ƣʩչ
ҫûãҲ飬ռ֮۶γɿռϵס˾Ĵֹ漴һһռ˲ֵǿĵĵϡ
̧ͷգֻҫ̧Ƶ͸һ㳤һɿľ޴âһӣҫ䣬ҵĵâһĿĻ浶ۣԾӸ֮ƣݺݵն˾ͷ
룡
Ե׵һž춯֮һ£ӴͻȻһͷһɵ˿ڣ˿ӿɫҺ壬ǾѪҺҫһ˾㡣
ʱΧ˻ûüˣϵѾŰҫŭСӣô涼ѹˣѵɴķھһ˲ɡ
ҫüһֻڵĵѾһϸܵƣ֮ǰԼֻôɱֻ㣬ȴԼĿֲͨܳܵģҪٴȥ⴦Բ֮رȻҪһġ
Ҫͨĵ棬ҫŲô࣬ʹǰֻ˵⴦ǿӡŵɴķھǹϵҲò˼һˡ
ҫƳһ۾㣬ֻͷϵ˿ڷϣֶݺݵ˦ҫһξ˦ʱٶȱ֮ǿһ࣬Ȼǰҫһնŭ߷˶㣬ҫҲǸӵ
ֻٿҲ첻ҫĿռ˲ƣҫֱʧǰֵڵߣһĻǽ˸ĲС
κӵƮƮˣǵг˾⣬˼ֺ⣬ԭҫľΪѾﵽ뻯֮ˣм䲻ƽ⣬ǹɶʼ֮Խӿ
ƮƮԺУǸСһֱİҫһȥˣҪɱҲǶָͷ£Ȳƽ⣬ҫҲǳԹ֮ɫ
ʱҫһžĴֳһܽɱֲ˺ϵĵɴķھͻȻǰһƺͬʱ뵽˶Բߡ
ҫڶһۣǳǣ˶ӱ˴˵ж˶ԷĴ㣬ǣһһң࣬ڵȫ汬һһɫһ񱩵Ļ𾢣ͬʱ
Ԫһͨ񹦶幦
幦һͨ
˫һ͵ĵͺһһǿķ羢˫֮ϣֻ˫ֳצžջӶͣʮۿɼıдָס˲䶯á
ӡӡӿ
ҫ˫۽Բ۳ţ˫۵İڶγһǳ̫ͼһɼֲľ籩ӿҫע˿ռ֮øʵ
Ųƣ
𣡡
ҫͬʱһ˫һǾ޴Сɽ㣬·һڵһ㱻˺Ʒɵ֮ϣһĻѾڳ˶ˣҫսĪĸо
ֻ⻹ûֻ꣬ǽƷɳȥɲǶ˵Ŀģֻ˶һۣ΢΢ͷżһ棬˰εضֱȥ
ҫ˫ֺǰһ˫һ֣ǰ˲һֱ߿İɫ򣬻ƥҫ˳һƣ˳ȥ·һŵǣһɼֲĻͺھϡ
һ
һߣڰҫո۳һ̣˫ӡٶ֮ۻңӡһɣ˫˳ƺһֱĳɫ͸·׵ƿһ㣬ǳɫҫĻͬʱھϡ
ӡӡأ
ҫĴ򽫾գڵĳɫ㳹׹ᴩ˵ǿжֻǧ˻ԵĴ
һʱձĻ˸Ⱦɰ֮ɫͬʱһɫ쳣ۣѾһһŻɫӴ壬·һżĺХɶգۼʧӰ١
֮˵ãȥ޵治Сﰡҫ˿Զգ
û֮ǰǵɫǾ㣬ĴɻǰҫڸɵƣãҪ컯ˡ
ˣһɣûҪ׷ʹ򣬸Ͼɱ˵ʵڵģֻͦˬģϧǵжԹϵ򣬻ύһһǺǵһΣҲеڶˡڰ˰֣ҫЦ
ҫҲ΢ЦûȷǲһˣаĻҵǷǳύһ
ɫһҫֳ֮̾һҡҡͷЦܵģ벻аⱲаˣаˣҲаʬףĺˣֻܵжԣûеڶ·ߵġ
ۼֱӾܾԼ£ҫҲգڵܹһֿɬΣʲô֮
֮еǷݼҫҲûмȥֻ˵첻Ըˣ֮ĹϵδȷֻǵжԹϵҪΪѣֻܵˡ
֮ʱϵЩĿɿڴûлع񣬰ҫչֳʵʵ̫ˣмֻ似ˡ
ҫڿûǣ˵Ŀⶼ֮ǰڵǿ棬Ȼһǣһˮĺǡ


ʮ ˮǣ𡤶²
ۣȥֵǮӰָǾˮǣ˫Ŀ˸žЦǸӾͲûˮˡ
ҫûİһۣǸģ˿û뻯еȣֺЦֺҫֱĻǾˮǼۣһһˮǰҲ˵ʲôôֱĿźǡ
ҫǾˮǰʱƮƮ͵һüκӵʹ˸ɫ߻⣬һ˿˵ɴķھĵ棬ֻȴӽ˰ҫ԰ҫΪĵһ֮أһʵĿռϣסκӵĽŲ
κӵüͷ壬һʵҫʲô˼
˵ܿĻôҫͷҲص˵ְ䣬κӵƮƮ쳣ŭռûǸƿǱ̧ͷеڡ
̾ϢһֱӴԽ˿ռ˰ҫߣ뻯Ŀռ֮Ҳֻͬӵ뻯ΪĴ߲кΣ͸񾳵ͬ
ֳ˰ҫ⣬Ҳֻôһ뻯ˣ⣬ûܽ˰ҫҫ֮󣬳˵ҫ֮ǰ˵ƽֵɴģ㲻뷴ڰɣ
ҫ˫ĿһֱעǾˮǣֱڵĻʱջĿ⣬ָָˮ˵ûǴӦƽֵɴģҲᷴڣˮǲڴаɣ
ҫʱһԵƮƮκӵ˵ҪˮǣϵЩַã
ô֪һЩҲ֪ĶƮƮԸҽһôҫͻȻƮƮ˵
˫絶Ŀ⣬·ܿģŵƮƮʧɫеǣҫȻõԼĴܣɲ뻯ӵеѽ
õһĴҲǺָָƮƮʵ
ҫһָָۣԼԴڵаҵ鱨Ӧ÷ǳϸ˰ɣôҲӦ֪Ŷԣҵ֮£ܣΡ
һֹƮƮκӵǵһκӵƮƮ㵵ǣհҫĻ˵ôԼҪߵô͵͵ƻʲôᱻҫ֪ôڰҫǰԼʲôܿô
ھȵǣνҲ֪ǲ֪֮ǰսʱҫûУûеĻô԰ҫʵҪ¹ˣ˵֮ǰսҫûȫأ
ƮƮϣ㲻ҪҵˣҲ֪ҲͰˣȻ֪ˣô㻹˵ʵĺãҫҲǵɫΣԹԵߵƮƮǰʵǹɱ˵ƣƮƮе㲻֪
ʱκ޷硢½ҲˮǵΧ֮ǰҫʻĺȻγûж󣬿ô˵ڽʱҲ֣ûйҲпֲͣɴķھˮǵڵҲ޿ɺǵġ
ʱҫƣƮƮһʱ䱻壬Ҳ֪òýʵ飬ҫԿĸоʱһԵκӵǰһ˵ҫ԰ΪҸƮƮ֮Э飬޹أ
ûйϵ˵㣬˵㣬ǿ߾һУκӵ㲻ʸ˵ĻҹҫƳһκӵ֮ʿռ֮΢΢һκӵ׿⣬ǰ涼
ҫĻְֿ񣬵ҲǸʵ˵ĻǲܵĴڣڶûбʤİѹ°ҫҫ˵κӵҲֻܴʣһء
ҫҲҪôˣʲôǾͲܺú˵ôڶְɣκӵҫˣϹҲסˣҫǰһ
ҫעڣͬʱָָ̧κӵն˵ڣǸӣĻɷˣҽֵ֮£ܻ¼ˣɴķھסûǸЭ飬ⲢҿԱǵɵһŪƮƮҪǲһ˵һưոݣ
ۼҫҲ޻˵ҫ˵ǰ㣬ԼҪĲһиҫ֣ôȫս֮£ΧЩˡ
뻯뻯֮սһȫྡྷܽɲع֮ڣֻҪֱӳֻɱ뻯һµĸ֣£νĹҲͷ
ҰҫԼʱܹЩСɱκӵʹعޣҲڲֱӳֵ£κӵɱΪһԼҲ
ֻϧǣҫǹһˣ˵˰ҫҲδػҫ˵ǰ㣬ûеһʱκӵʹɱ֣ҲǸԼܴˣĻ԰ҫʵȥκӵĻôߵ³ͻķǳˡ
νƱǿҲʲôˣϸ֮±⵱еϵľ֮£Լǲòͷ̾һ֮תͷƮƮ˵ҲҴˣ⸱ˮǵʲôڣʵ˵ɣ
ƮƮг˲֮ɫ֮кʮ㣬֮תתӣҪ֮ʣҫĻʱ˵Ĳ˽ɲҪϹʲôŪңҵܸܵҷ˵ѣȻعޣҲȡ㣬׾ٵġ
һƮƮԭҲѹֻƭҫ뷨ֻܳ״ε̾Ϣһ˵ϵЩĿӡֻǵɴſھˣгҲܵɴãȴǰٲһĵɴķھˮ棬⸱ˮǾǵɴĴߡ
һ䣬˵ȫǾˮǣǲ֪һһڵɴĴţ汾緱ǣ䲻ڵǣ䴴еİ汾оֻһǧǰΪ컯֮ǿߣ𣬶²
ǧǰǸʱ컯֮ǿȻǷëǰĴڣҲ޼Ѱ²֮һҲô˵Ϲʮʮλ컯֮ǿǲ֮۷ǿߡ
ôǰ⸱ơ𡯶²ˮǣͱȽѰζˣּﵽͬ٣׽еǿҲôôĶ֣Ǹжǿ
˻û֮ʣҫһˮǣһâֱͺˮ֮ϣâ˲ȼǣԭɫˮ˲䱻յͨ졣
ҫ˲ɣ
κӵ״ʧɫκ޷硢½ҲͬǱһͬκӵһͬǰҪΨҫ½ƮƮһֱΪ
׳գ˵ɣҫһЦݿڵ
ڰҫ֮ʣԭյͨˮǣ͵ıһɫĻĻ֮أ֮ˣռʱȫֹˣ˶Լ֮ǰĶԭأ˿
ʱˮֳ֮һӰӰӵò֣üĿ㣬ʷǷӰҫкǡ𡯶²Ԫ̬λﵽ컯֮ǿߣʹҲܱԪ𣬾Եǿ֡
ɴԵ֮ˣСһ˰²Ԫ񣬶ŰҫЦӯӯ˵
ҫ͵ĵϥ¹˫ֱȭ˵ҫݼǰΪ֮ˣǰĵɴһãǰȫ
²Ԫһü⣬Цݸʢ˵ͷڵԭˣǾٺòƽһ£ǲܸ֮˳أɴҪܾİˣõԸճɾ
²ĻҫͷϲоˣҶ²ԪҲ˵ˣɴԵ˵ģԼеǸԵ֮ˣôԼȡȥҲȻģҲᱻ˵л
ֻ²̧һָָһâûҫԺ֮Уҫ˲еԼԺУ˵ɴķھͺľ澭ǰ㣬ַʽж
ʱ򣬶²ͻȻһЦǾ񹦣ãҲȥȡɣһɵĳŵҲöˣСһˡ


ʮ ӮңԸ޸ô
ǰҵĲֻǵɴķھѽбĶͼô£
ҫоȣ²ͨͨķʽɴķھͬʱһѶͼҲһԺУðҫĲ졣
ɾڰҫҶ²ʸʱߵԪӰѾͬǾˮɢΣܵҲ˾ֹ״̬¿ʼֻǸеǣֻĿˮɢ
ɵ²ѴԵ֮ˣȲͿɽѣϵĵɴķȡмǣϰñɵĵɴ֮ˣķķĻа֮ģ򣬱Ǵмǣмǣ
²ԪӰˮȫɢ֮쳣ĳÿ˵ĶߣһĿɿڴûлع
ûã˻֮κӵŭӰҫݺݵĺҫɴķھ򣬽ձҪ˵ء
ҫһƳκӵһۣǸŭɶı飬ҫûавһ£Ц˵أƾ㣬κӵʵû취һأ
κӵһЦҳϣûǸͣаеܽɱĪҪΪԼͻƵ뻯޵ˣаԣҫֻһֻϰˣаԺĽһ飬ɴķھ㵽׽ǲ

ҫشĺܸɴ࣬κӵеŭ˲㣬һöģҪٻаĸʱһԵסҲκӵ˵һҫڵҫ֪㲻Զ֮ˣ£Ϊ
ҫڣ˵ڣôɴķھǰӡԺеģҾĬдǻдĶɲҪʲô鿴ҵ˼룬黻㣬˰ڲôԣǲû
òϣҫ˵Ļеɴ𴫸ҫĶ˵ǰҫˣԸ˭Ȩ˭޷ǿȣһ˶˵ʲôаŹˣõľǿ⵹еϡ
ߣùôֻ֮࣬·ߣҪôһаҪôҽ˹㣬ѻļ䣬Լѡɣκӵһͱ˵ԵƮƮҲͬһֻı顣
ʱ򣬰ҫͻȻ¶һɭ׵ݣЦëȻĸоκӵƮƮͬʱ˸ڶüֹ
ðаöаһϵͨߣҰҫֺηҫɭȻЦ漴ִ̧˸ָ˵ͷ֮ϣͻȻһһգۼҫҼ֮ϡ
˶ϸ֮ʱеһֻֻаƴСĽɫСֻɫСȥС磬ΪɰһĽɫɢŵĹΣͷ֮һɫ𴹹Ҷ½ű˫ͫ˸ȥ񿡷ǷȻʲôƷС
ڳϵˣκӵ⣬˶¶һ־޵ĿǽɫСĿѣΨκӵһ˺䤱ҴһûҧѪ
ֻһֻ֪ɫСͷҲʶķɣϹʮ֮һĳ׽񰡣սԸȼ۷ޣû뵽ҫȻôһ֣еﻢµζˡ
ӵСڳ¼ɴķͻɣĵɴķھøҫˣ
аа񡯳޼ĻĻֱӳκӵԺУκӵ⣬ûü
ҲеһĪĲ죬׳޼ΪʲôҪѵֵķóȥǳ޼ˣҲòӣڻҪ˳ԲУϾŪôŵģʵų̂׿¡
ǣκӵ̾˿һԵʹ˸ɫᣬŰҫЦҶ𣬰ҫȻĽҲǿҿǾͽɴķԳ¼һݣȻظң¾ôȥˣôûɣ
ҫüͷ˼һأԼҲӦñƵ̫ϾԼֻǽ˳׽ƶѣҪǰκӵƼˣ֮ͨǿߣһԼҲδֵ˺á
οȥأǰֵ鲻ãûãҫһڣ˵ξˣǿʼɣ
˵꣬ҫͷҲصκ޷磬ҲǵЦŵ˵ͷֿȵ½ˣŶ֣˸æǰһĵģҲûеǶˣö˽г¼೭һݸԼϲڴӦ
κ֣˸ɴķھѱҵȥκҪĻҿĬдһݸκֻ֣Ҫκ£¾ġҫκ޷絭Ц
κ޷תתͷ΢ЦûϵģȻǰ׹ģôǰ׹ĻԵȥе㲻ʱˣɴķҲ㹻ҽˣ׹Դ黳̫ࡣ
κ޷绹ͦĻڹֺѽҫа룬΢ЦͣЦȻκ壬ҫȴ֮ˣպκʲôѴܴұǡ
κ޷ȵľǰҫ仰ȵɴԣҫһŵܸмֵҲλ}жκ޷簵Ĵ磬ʱƣκ޷ǰ;Բ
˫ֿ˼䣬λ}г¼һ֮˽ɴķ¼ϣڳֽ⴦ĵĵ泹׻ٵ
ӽӵеɴķֻļˣҫǵΨһһӵɴķھˣȻжӮҡ
˴ظһ߷߲ƽκӵƮƮ԰ҫԵĿ⣬һ·ϵҲûʲô顣
ڽκ޷ͻ֮󣬰ҫ鼱֮Ҳû೤ʱ䣬}˼𼱻ǵĴ򿪿ռ䴫ֱͣӴͻ˾Źɽ
صŹɽ֮󣬰ҫ˲øкֱ˲Ƶڵ᷿֮Уīû뿪Űҫء
ڵ֪ҫǵɴķھ֮īҲ쳣ϲ֮ҫķھȫĬд˳ī£ī¿֮Ҳûж˵ʲôֻðҫȥȣ齻С
ҫҲûʲôææĴӦȻ˵ԺнеȺʱ١Ҷͬʱϵ߶ʱ½ѣ֪һеǰ֮ҲΪĻԵĲֹ
˾ôԺоʱīֵҫǰҫæѯ΢΢һЦڵİɣǳĳɹ˹ɴأò˶þͻѹˡ
īµĻҫصһҪڵл֮ʣڵ᷿ͻȻһɼֲĺͬʱһɿռ䲨
ѽôеĿô࣬츳Ǿأī»عͷĿ¶⣬Ц
ҫ磬ԶһЩɣոͻƻղסأҫȻ򣬾ʱöĻڰҫĶߣҫͷϲֱ˵˸֮ۡ⡣
ǰŸո˳ۡǹɺ㿪ʼȫ汬һ㣬գ֮ѽۡǣһıǣۡһĿı
ûã֮ϳһƣȻһƷ·һ㲻ͣɢֻһǳѣһٻӰֱĳգҫһ˫Ŀ˲ƹȥʱ˭֪Էһռ˲Ƶ˰ҫǰ
ٴγڰҫУǷ̬ҫе㿴ˣû˵Це˵ҫ磬Ҳ뻯Ŷ׷Ĳأ
ҫ˿Դ΢ЦѾͷǳװɣԸ޸ô
סˣ۾ӿȥǴȿɰ漴һͷ˰ҫĻУһ˿ǻڵԸ⣬Ը⣬һٸһǧһԸ⣡
ɵѾͷҫḧ˿̧ͷ죬Ц


ʮ ʧĵǣռ֮ã
һ̣Ѿ˺ܾˣԴӰҫӶʱѾһ̵٣ֹһλŰҫʲôķʽʲôط˵ⷬ
ҫ˵ҪȢʱԼһжҪҪǣԼˣڶ˵ѾõĻһ̵гҸǰֵȥţ³ٶĿ࣬ٶۣҲں
ɵѾͷʲôӦø˲Ŷԣҫ̧ŴƵҸˮĨȥ
ûֻһеĸое㲻̫ʵأΪЦֲ̧ϵˮ΢Ц˵˭֪ˮԽԽࡣ
Ӵǣ̫ˣճɾ̫ˣһԵҶһߴſڣһ߿ŵЦŪߺһûİۡ
ҫҲһҶĵЦҸѾͷĻ¾ͽ㿩ôٴ죬򵥵ͺˣ
Ҷظĵ˵İɣܽңⷽо飡
о飿ܣûаɣһԵĹƳһҶģЦĻҶ˲û˵żֹͣţ㲻Ҳûô֪˵ң
ţܣｲʲôأ˵㣬ѽ
΢΢΢ЦĿҶģŵһӣæסԼͣҪ˵첻µزµҶģµ˿¾ֻйһˣһѹȿưɣ൱ڶһ㡣
ҲҶģֱߵҫǰ΢ЦĵܣãϲˣǵĻ½ٰͿˣǻҪ֪ͨһǵĳУ£ɶϷģ
ȣĻҲðҫһֳͬһڣҫͬʱī£ôЦţҲ˵Цīֱë
Ӵ˾ǵĻ£ѾĬˣֻһ£Ҳ˵ĵǿǶӣպѩѱѡżī°˰֣Ц˵ָ֮ҫкռ䴫ͻѩѱ
Ȼõīµ׿ϣҫҲ쳣ϲǵ֪ĸ̬ȣǶ˷Ĳ٣ҫЦȻȻĸҪҾ֪ͨҵĸĸһɣ
Ե˵ͷ˫ۣЦݣȫһСŮ˵̬ɾڰҫ˫ĿСͨʱȴԼϵС
˵ԼСͬһҪͨһ׵£ںСֱԼϵҲҪϵѽ
֣ҸͨĴѶҲͨϣҲʲôҪ£ѾͷǵĵǲõͬʱʧٰҫһĿʵ
һ㶣漴ֵ̧˵ͷ˼һᣬ漴ڻصʲôʧٰпڴͬһ£ڶʱ򣬿Կó˫ĸĸѾʶˣһʲôòֵĴ°ɣ
ţôǱ߾ʱһţպȥһңȰѻڶ˵ҫ˵ͷЦеĿڵҲһЦɵĵ˵ͷ
ˣˣ֪ǺܶˣŴ֮ɣ˵˵£ĵܣã뻯һԵҶĿŰҫǵģоеʼˣ˵
ҫһЦ漴˵ͷǰ˾;ڶѾ̸ۼˣ͸޼ɵˣһһ룬̸µʱ򣬶˻ǱȽġ
ܸ˵˵뻯ĵôٿڵ
뻯ĵãǧҪǿ԰뻯ĳ̶ͻȥãҫͬ˵˵ÿֶһģһ
Ҷ֮Ƕһۣ漴һٿڵһռ䱾ԴıȽǿ粻ͻƣѰ뻯̶ȵľΪɣһĸ򵽿ռ䱾Դ֮һͻơ
һպпͻȥﵽ֮ͨҪǶסջǿȥͻƣʹɹҲɸȣǱӻһգպھΪϾûˣֻͣ뻯֮˼ɣ
ٵĻҫ΢ЦͷٵҲǳ֮ɫپӣκ飬κ飬һϵǵ˼ٺʲ
ǵӣӦö뵽˰뻯ľ̶ȰɣҫŶ˿˵
ٵ˵ͷҶҲЦִֻ̧˸ָռ΢΢𶯣ǳÿռ֮СֶΣǴʱľΪ͸ҫھ̨ʱࡣ
ܿ͸һٺòֻϣڻԵĶ硢ܡߵ˵ǲҪ;źáҫ̾һ΢΢ҡͷھֻʣĸûѹʵΪǵĵĺܡ
ʱһֱ˵廰ҫ㲻Ҫ̫ģǿһְ취ƽͨ뻯ĵ·
ʲô취ҫʵ١ҶҲͬʱͶɻĿ⡣
˺Ҳӣ΢Ц˵ʵǰҫӲŸոͻ뻯ûã֪ռ֮ãռ֮뻯˵ɲֻǹƶ̽ĵѣи÷
㿴ҿĶҲһ˿ͷҶĻûдﵽ뻯֮ҲͰˣԹ⣬ֲûܣ⼸뻯ˣֻǲҪʲôѣҫ
ǰҫǰŸÿռ֮ս˵ʵڵģǵӦ֣쳣̹˼ռֻ֮սѵβˣ겻ɡ
ǿ˰ҫ뷨˸ָ΢Цֻ֪һδ֪ռ֮кܶ࣬ʱ䳤Ȼͻ֪ˣʵõһǣһ˵ľΪκε
ʲôͬʱȳһ㵵ĿӦ죬ֻ˵ͷ˵ѹаʥĴڣҸֶôԭôô
һ͵ɫһ˵˵ĲҪôӴľ֣뻯Ϊǲģֻ֮ͨԭȲ˵˵⡣
ҪָһЩ·ʵҲ򵥣һ֣ÿռ֮ǵ˼άй٣ܹڸ֪˼άϸӵ򾳽õһ̶ȵΪǽһγ׵ϴ裬̥֮Ч
Ļҫ˽ǻȻһƬҫһڵӰô
˰֣΢ЦȻᣬֻһ˵ǱֻǶǵ죬ѹեǵǱǵĸ̫Ӱ죡
һҫ˲ϲϵЦ쳣ĲãֿĴûȥʵ˵ǰ㣬ôԼֵʵһĵز
˲칬ʵҲΪⷽأ۷аĴڣţһҪǿֹʱаľʥҲɽһʱôˡ
һ뵽ҫ˷Īϴǰʥ˵ܸգǲһĻҲ뿴ϾеɴΪһأôˡ
ˣԼһʵԽǿԽã԰ҫ˵ͬʧܾԲ䷢Σԣ˶Ҫǿÿ˶Ҫ
ǻʲôϾͿʼϴ磬ҲҡѾͷʦһͰ¸ˡҫ쳣ܵ˵˵֮Ҫ뿪
ɾʱȴû㣬ǶһۣȿڵܣҲһʱ죬㻹һҪȥҪġ
ʲô£ҫʵ
Ұ˲칬Ĵ£


ʮһ Ƽңף
ҫüͷʲôôأѵаֲ͸ˡ
Цһ˰˵ȻǣԼڲ⡣
ڲ⣿Ҳףϸ˵һ£ҫüڵ
̾һڵ˵ɣͷ̫ˣÿս۶ܴʤ飬ǴʡǶаսۣǼӮ٣ӶһЩǵһָһȵ棬ǳĲá
˵֮󣬰ҫɫʱ䣬ķ·ҪγѪãҫƽľЩ裬ԼеΪһ֮ˣ˾ȻԼڣеŭƲסĴ
粻ɳʦ֣Ѿﵽʲôĳ̶ˣҫһʵ
ӦһʱųֲֵӦóڻûһ񻯵ʰĵزǰһסУڻص
ҫ˵ͷһѪĹâڵǾץģɱӺ
պһٲ廰˵漴һöѶģڵģǱߵеˣ
ѶﴫҶĵĻҼոͷûʼ̸Īҵ˱Ƚ϶࣬ƺ㣬ƼӦõס
ţҸ׹һ͵мţҲȫסҪһˣٵ˵
ףҶӦһѶɢΣ֮ĶԻҫ֪϶ʲô鷢ٿЦϴ󣬿ǰһϷҿѽ
ҪôȥĴϷеĿҡҡͷ˵һı飬µĽѾﵽ޷̵ĵز
ôǾȥⳡϷжɣҫ˿˰֣Ц
Aǣһɰ˲칬Ƶʡ֮ǣеĹ滮ǰʡйܣʡ֮ʮ֮һ
ﲻòһ£ڰ˲칬ԺʡΪ㣬ܱĴʡ֮Լƿصĵ̽˷ǳ׵ĸĸʩȡνʡмƣ˺ʵķǽһĵΪɢʮΪͳһ
ÿԼǵĳְ֮ɰ˲칬ǲڲԱפ˵һǵĳһְλȨأݵͺʵһ㣬˾ӵ
ʣʮǳȻֻǸӹԼһĶֵҲžԵȨȻڰҫһȺ˵ң֮£˽ǾԲܳΪһְ
Ҫ֪ĴʡгԼǾ˲칬Ͽῼ֮󣬻Ҫĸ׿ϲλ
ҪĳҪлλһֱӾ̣ûƫ˽һĳ֣ҶĶ൱ףеĳ븱ܸɵ˲š
ǣȨܹʴһˣһȨҳʱȨʱֻҪ־֮ôò˶þͻʡ
ԼȨΧ޷죬ҪõȨò񵱳λʱǸԼ˵AǳҲǻƼҼΡ
ǰ˲칬ոոĸ󣬳븱֮ʱǵһAǳˣʱһ˽˲ţڵһϣ˽׵Žֻǹѡ
ڼǰεСӻ룬·йʱ򣬿һŮӣŮӳˣˮܽһò쳣ŮAһĪҼ飬Ī
һĪ̬Ϊˣֻ뽫ĪռΪУνᣬǻ谮ĶӣƽҲǽ
ڻԽĳȨ֮󣬶ԻҲԽݣºŰ裬һ䲻˵AаŮĻҲû
Ī־ɫˣǱ䱾չһַ·һ׷ֶΣĪ伫ȵᣬȻӦ׷ĪҼĪ⣬ƼҵĶҲ൱ᷳ
׷޹ױ֮󣬻߳ŭŻAǵȨƣĪҽжѹھһͼӴ׵֮ͬҲǲȻŭĪչһʱĪұƼҴѹ൱֮ңʮһ
Ƽһٴεף˵ףףһȺԻΪڵĴĪңǿĪҼĪӦ׮¡
ĪǵôˣȰʱҪ˼һ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪĪҺúÿǿǽɣһƦĻ룬бϣһ٬ĿĪ⣬Ц
λ֮ϣĪɫˣվߵĪҲǺ޵ֱҧ˿ƦģĻͲһĪ˵룬ʴʣ׵ĸ㣬ҪŮ޸֮ͽΣ
ô˵ϹҲסˣһĲ輸ָĪƿڴ϶ҪҸ㣬ǷȢˣǱүˣŲŽүĪAǻҷ𡣡
ԻͱˣһԵĪ̲סˣŭֱţŻŭȵ룬ţAǲƼҵģǰ˲칬ģСȥ˲칬һ״ƼҳԲ˶ߡ
ЦЦһ״ɽ߻ʵԶ˲칬ôëѾͷƬ֮ʣ׹ԼĸһǶѣοҵAǵĳڸˣҪôҵ״ָĪЦЦĲ쿪
ĪֱҧòϣĻôЩӸλôС˵ܼģ˼ҵ涼ûѾƼҵ˸ˣǭ¿ˡ
ĪĪⱻԼ˵ӵ⣬ǰߵĪǰǰ㣬ͲûˣֻɭȻаЦɼɼȰ㻹ǲҪִ֣޸ʲôã鲻Ҫô嶯Ҫļ壬ҿԺܸεĸ㣬AһƼҾ죬һƼҾǷһƼڰ˲칬Ȩƣǰ׹ˣҲκβһƼң㻹ǹԹԴҰɣ
ȷҲκβƼң˵е˰ɣ
ʱ򣬵Ļո֮ʱһ˽ڳ˶λһ˽߼⣬ûãҫ١ҶġҶ߽˵֮ڡ
˵ĵֳѻȸĪǰһʱ˾ĪæߵҫǰĪ˵׹Ƽ̫AаŮ޶ӻ룬AǻȨƶѹĪңҪǿСŮĪоӣ׹ΪĪ
ĪǱߵı飬ҫһǰ֮صĵ˵ͷڵĪģ¾ͽ´һļһĴ𸴡
ҫĻĪĪдϲֻڻпҫҲر˽⣬ˣͲ˵ˣƽ׽ˣʵо岻ѡ
ʱĻŵѪɫ²ͣû뵽ҫԵ£ոյĻȻԼ֮ǰ˵Щڿߵˡ
תһ룬ԼĸAǵĳλȨأҫҲֻǽѵһ°ˣӦòӲЦݣǰʩС˻Ƽһ룬׹
ҫһЦոպ˵ҲκƼҲǰɣ
εЦЦڵǶϷԣ׹
ҫ˰֣ĻָָĪ⿪ڵĻҲֻ֪Ī˵Ķʵô
æ֣ڵȻǣЩĪҼ̰һƼǽԺãڴˣ׹ĪҪŲԣҪһƼһѽ
ˣķϻҸеģ̹׵ĻҸˣԼϧͲܹˣĺȺ֮ҲǸʵǰ۵ĺܣģְɣ


ʮ Ⱥ֮ͷ
ҫĻɱǱ˲絶һ䣬һƴҶչ˹
ֻһһƬĲӰǰһӣȫ߸߷Ѫ磬Ȼأһ죬۷ףķȥۿǲˡ
һĻŵ˻룬ҫ˼ԼҶĵжɱԼѽͻȻеǰһӰζҶĵ̼ԳС
˫ޱȵɱ⣬ŵĻڵأָҶĲΡΡ˵㣬㣬ʲôҵǳ㲻ɱң㲻ɱң
ҶעŻ룬ǸǱģһֱ֮飬˵Ŀɱֻ䡯ĸˣ׹նֱ֮ȡ˵ܲɱ㡣
һŲˣҪҫȴҶһ˸ͷ߸æסΣ޺׹׹㲻ɱѽҾдҲﲻѽУҵǳһƼΪ˲칬ϹᣬAǴľûйҲпͣĹΰɣ
ҫüͷһ壬ǵߵǰݺݵ˵ߣһ˶òôܲȥһ仰飬οһֵ֮Ҿһ仰ĺȺ֮
˵꣬ҫҲȻعʳָһһưɫĻâֱڻϣ˳׵ȼת˲ԻΪһˣشҺֹ
ưɫâҲڵȼ֮󣬾ȻյĴѣûãֱӱƻâճ˻ҽûʣ¡
һĻһԵĪĪһƬҫĺȻ˻һЩа֮ͽδó˿ҫ֮Уž壬һ˿֡
ҫǸĺôڱҪʱǣ̣ܲЩʱ̵޷ֱӣЩʱһĴˣôͱɵԣҫⷽķǳãֻڱҪʱŻĺ˵ڡ
ô԰ҫ˵ȷǸ˵ȷǸ԰˲칬˵ĸȻĪ⸸Ůﲻ
ǣĪⲻǰ˲칬ĹֻһССĪҼˣ֪Ƿжأҫǲһʺġ
ҫֻ֮վֱͷҲصĵЦȻˣôɣҪȥǳɡ
ҫһ䣬һƷȻ𣬹ɫ۵Ӱɴܶ룬Ϊ׵ɫۣһ֮ɫһִãͷųԿ˽ǳ񾳵ĸ֡
ѹѹһȺռݴýһ֮ˢˢĵϥأͬĴȵ²μ׹
ǰЩˣǰ˲칬ƿصʡʡеǸǳӲ಻ٸպһٶʮΪ۵Ĵʡǵĳһٶʮ۵ŮŮʡӵиǳ
ɴ˿ɼİ˲칬֮Ӵ󣬵ǲСҫڶ֮ǰ˽ȫټ˹Ϊ˲칬ĹҫĻͷ·ʥּһ㣬˸Ҳӡ
ҫǰȺˣ˵ͷ֮󣬿ڵAǳΣ鷳һ£
Ϊ۵Ĵ֮УһվֱһǰһȭһڵAǳΣμ׹
ҫƳ˻һֻۣһ˱ŭ֮⣬ҫ˵ӣڼҰɣǹɱĶô
κݺݵҧҧʵ֪Ȯӷʲô˰׹Ҫزɣ׹Ҹ˵Էڣ
ҵһôǺǣܺãɱȻгֵɣ߻ƳıӶʲô£Щ£ӦӦ÷Ҫزɣҫ˸ָҶЦ
Ե˵ͷڵ룬Aǳӣϸڼ˷ڽǣҹţԷȫʮ߿ʮˣ꺢ͯһ
ǰ˳¥¥ƹ֫ͻһѻ𽫾¥վʮ˰ƹڣԼһСһ⡣
ܣ̰ͼһŮӵɫۣǽԷһȫɱŮɱͶʬ뻤Ǻӡ
˵ٵɫѾķ·ҪγѪǴһּ׺ݶѪĹâĵȶŻβţ˶ɫƣеŭѾﵽһԸӵĵز
Щ븱ǳǣ󲿷ֶ¶ŭɫ߷߲ƽкٵһˣҰףʼ㷲Щ飬ĸƳһģһѽ
ˣ͵ɣЩ£˵ҹ˵꣬⻹ֻмˣôƳһ䣬Ķӣɱô
ҫĿ磬ֱŻΣһɼ产˵ɱ񱬷ڳ˶ԺĸоĵͷҴҿҫ
ɱӶۣϧؿŴҧгݵĻص
ԭԼĶӰ˷ָĶУÿԼƺ󣬶ͨģԴһ£ˣΪֻһЩëƤС£ҲͱôȥˣԼӻʵĿӵ⣬۽ַۼˡ
ģҫһЦӵĸӵأҶ˽ףרУѹգ÷УҰ˲칬ɷõ
ﵱҶǰһĻص
䣬ֽ̻ţһִͷĸоԺУֻżææĿڵһ£Ҷҳϣµеȷ޿⣬µЩЩﲻɣ
˵ЩҲ˶£ֲӦĴãùҹĻҰ˲칬Щаɢ֯кµɷǰÿģȻ£ͱҪеĺȺ֮ã
ǰҫڶ˵Ⱥ֮ĸ֣ĸһشݺݵûЩ븱ǳķϣ֮ǰЩɫҰ׵ˣûιȥԼλͷ˾Ҫѽ
ʱ԰ҫͱˣһûҧˣɫǺ죬пʼǻһӣһᣬҧгݵߣҪɱˣҵȾϹᣬΪ˲칬ǳأºͣȴΪһЩССҪԼ̣ʵ̫ĺˡ
ھ˳˲칬˭ͬһ뷨̨ɳУ뿪ⲻ֪νİ˲칬ԼһأңҲ
εǸһ漴ʮ˺ݺݵҧҧ˼ԲҪһ뿪ΪҲٵһЩΪ֪Ҳ·һֱ뿪
߾ߣҪȥ磬Ұ˲칬ǳΪеһЦҰ˲칬ڽҶ̣ȫɱˣﳼΣԴãҫз˫Ŀʱ˵ĺ⣬Żεһȡ
һ䣬ҶЦһһֻеһ󾢷ɨǰҶһһأûȻλع㴫һﵹصͷȥʱŵһ£ԭʮˣȫز
˵ʺһ˺ƤץۣѪֹסһɴ˫ۣɱ֮ǰһ̵״̬Ϊ̫죬Ӧ
ˣ
֪ˣɻû飬ҫ򵥵Ѿд󺧣Ƕ˵Ҫȥ
ɾҪ֮ʣֻҫִ̧˸ֱָӾֹԭأãҫΧĿռˣڵΪôܸҫĿռ֮Կ
֮󣬰ҫֶ̧׼Σ漴ݺȭֲĿռ֮θѹޣǰûʣ¡


ʮ ĹأƼ棡
Űҫһ˻Σ˶ŵĶ˸飬кȻԭҫѾﵽ뻯֮ˣʹﵽ뻯֮ģʷϾԲᳬˣ츳ֱеĳɾ;޿ġ
ҲˣЩʣµĳԼǳ԰ҫͷ˾˲칬ģĻΣЩͬ۵ĸǳǣֻһ뷨ǾǾȡ
ֲҲֻǸոտʼѣֻǸͷѣ漰ԱҲֻлȺ˶ѣʱҫĲݣֻǼ򵥵ĳͷһ£ô罫ڶʱպȻһʰ
ΪǸʱ򣬰ҫҪʩչֶζܣΪеĳԼǳڸãȨı˽ʱ򣬰ҫǰǶɱ⣬˲칬ᱻȾô˲칬Ҳ̫ԶˣֱҲǳ¡
ң浽Ǹʱ򣬰ҫ붯ֶܣΪɱˣԼͳɹ˾ˣ˿ãôʡ֮ء
ͬʱô˸еĺ˶ҫǸб֮ˣȻԸ˲칬ҲֻиһͼΪԭµġ
ѹֵʱٻ˵¹غ˲칬ϸ֮Ҳȷˣ绹δͣѾҫݺݶסЩҲȫι⣬ھֻҪúƺͿˡ
ҫɨһۣ쳣˾ôϥţĵͷ­Űҫѵ⣬ûãҫڵظøһˣӽеĳ븱ǳľΪ֮꣬ʱͶƱķʽѡ٣ӶҪΣǾҪܲܵõԼϰǵİˡ
ǳ֮λͬͶƱķʽѡΣʮǳõƱߵĳΪһ£һڸп˵飬ܹ֮ͨʽǳһְ
ҫ䣬ֳֹסķһЩ˽֮ҫȻ˵ʲôǵĻǳͳһһЩްҫĻ
ҫεĸĸɾѣһֱҲôģϾ˶ǰ㣬ʣµĳ븱ǳԼһĶֵлǱȽ񰮴ġ
ͶƱ˵˼һ飬ЩĳлɳˣҲ˵ָĸ﷽ʽʵǺõĲٺã˶Ҳκεķɣȫְ֧ҫĸĸ
ҫһ˵Ȼֹҫĵ˵ͷ漴תͷҶģڵҶһţרŸ븱ǳƷСмලնȨһ֮˵ʵ˭ʲôݣûɽɳʹ
ȻŷҰ˲칬ɷһһͳͳӱﵱǾ壬žͽִвɣ
ִвδ˲칬̸֮ɫ䣬ŷɥĲžڴ˿̳˲칬ĳһŵ˼ԶԶģ԰˲칬ĳ˵һȺ˼ֱǹһĴڡ
ҲŵĴڣδİ˲칬쳣ŽᣬǽǽС΢в̤һִвҲԼְ𣬴ûԽԽΪ֡
˸Ǹ˽ԭԼǿԱҲίȫûǣǵ˶ᱻǷһʩǰҫжȺ֮һ
Ҷ֮󣬰ҫ֪һ֮ȻҪһ棬ʩǹһɵĲš
ǣֻҫ˰˵ˣɣ¾ôȥˣҪס˲칬һ˵ģǵģǴҵģֻһģͬͬ²ܽǵļ԰ЩȺֻ֮ǵļ԰ǿľӪһнЩ˵ϣǸô
ģ֮ĺ쳣ķ߿
Ȼ᲻ģﶼΣҪʺҲᵼԭĳƱȡȻǲûʧȥ̫棬ɾôƽ޹ʵܵǣôܲŭǰѻԼЩͬȫʺ˸顣
֪ͺãҪһǳҲȷףҰҫҲʲôС֮ˣɣӽгнٺɣÿµĹɣֻҪΪﵽ񾳣ְڼûз֮ˣ֮󣬱Ը˲칬̳̳ڵߴſѡ롣ҫЦ
һڳ˽дϲϾͲ˵ˣȥңҪǣԽ˲칬̳ѽ˵ϵ̳ܽܳΪ˲칬߲㣬νĳҲֻвˮƽˡ
̳Ǹ˻ȨϵĴСȣ̳֮һУҪǷ£ֻ̳ܷûȨǣ˭Ҫǽ̳൱һˣĺôǸϵɽ͹ˡ
Ѿ԰ҫĴ磬νΪΪһֶָΣǱҫõ¯࣬û뵽ҫĹܾȻ㾪ˣʵǲС
ҫ֮ʣǰгٴεϥأȵԸΪҰ˲칬ϹѣԱ׹֪֮
ⷬǳĵģҫȫܹĳҲܸоĵȻǺ˲٣΢΢һЦ˰֣ڵˣȥɣյ͵סǧҪصЩ˵ĸޣĻǵ³ܻ䵽ǵϣô
ףӦ֮ˣ߹֮֮ǰҶɱЩǳʬҲ˳ȥֳֻʣҫĪŮˡ
ʱĪҸŮѴҫ֮ǰչֳƣԼǼǿĹǶ̾ѣ쵼ڣôܲ˰ġ
ҫĪҸŮ΢΢һЦǰǸǰЦĪӵеһУӹܰɣAǵĳ֮λҲְְΪһ֮ڣĽӦܹ˰ɣ
ҫĻĪֲ̫ʵĸоһ㣬ƼҲѾĪұƵ˾û뵽ҫһӱŤת˾ƣԼܹ̲ƼңܳΪAǴְ֮ʵ콵֮ϲ
⣬⣬Ե⣬׹ͷĪˮ֮УΪպĪԸΪ׹Ϳأѣ
Ī涵Ҫ¿ͷϥȴôҲȥһᾢ˫ϥסǰҫô񣬰ҫЦİ˰֣ڵĪˣȻͶҰ˲칬Ұ˲칬һӣҫȻǺģ£ȻԸһ䣬ǾȸˣĪ
˵꣬ҫʹ˸ɫ˻˵ͷһʧĪ⸸Ůǰҫ뿪֮ĪĿĪڵӽ㣬ңĪ˵ǰ׹ģסԲɸ˰׹ɸ˰˲칬
ĪĿŰҫʧķӦһ֮гɫʣ֮ǰİҫ˵֪ڰҫߵλˣλ˲칬ڸǰҫֿ
ҫ֮£жţͶϣɲŮòɾ£ѱ˴ΪһμѻİҫҲֻŮ˲ϣԼʸȥʲôء
ʱҫ˻ص˾ŹɽڣܰԼ֮ǰļƻµ˵һʵȥ֮ܰҲһ㶣漴˵ȥ׼ˣܰ°ҫҲŵùȻõġ
֮󣬰ҫԲѵָ˸еһ𣬰˼ң漴һĶͷڵһǲװ
ȻһЦסҫĸ첲ǵ˵ҫѾúܺˣ˵ˣ㻹ѽǶֵġ
ҫһЦԴ漴΢Цʦ֣㰲ˣ


ʮ ĸ죡۷Ĺģ
񣬰˲칬ӵе뻯аҫˣȵ۷԰ҫ˵㹻뷨ҪԼֵһͬ뻯Ϊ
һ˲칬ǾͲ˵ˣԼҲֵܸһЩֵǸԼǧ࣬ȴԹԣô԰ҫԸȻḺǣʱǾиͬͬɲ˵˵ġ
ҲˣҫȻֻԼЩ˽飬ҫ֪а취ȫʱ򣬰ҫȻǸ˵ĺܡ
ʱͷ˼֪ЩʲôҫεͿһٴʵʦ֣Ӧô鷳ָһ¡
ع񣬵˵ͷЦʵҲ򵥣ֻҪǰѿռ֮ע뵽ڣÿռ֮ڵı仯Ȼ֪ôȥˡ
ҫһۣ˵ͷҶͬʱǰһͬʵɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦֵֹȻǹ˵˵ģ˴ʿ䣬һʲôΣգҲܼʱһʲô£ҲָеܵʲôҪ˺
ҶĶô֣ҫҲþܾˣϥ֮󣬰ҫһ˫Ŀʱŷ⣬ֶֻ̧׼ˣǰռһεԵø
ʵĿռ֮ӿڣҶ˫Ŀգ΢΢ü֮滺ҫҲǱ˫ĿĬĬĸſռ֮ͨڴƵʲ
ûãҫ˫ۣ¶ϲ֮ɫЦԭˣˣ
ҫ磬ʲôˣ˵˵ʵ
Һݸͨռ֪֮̽ϴڵĲ֮ʡǱеһж֪еȱݶ˲ˣһÿռ֮ȥ֮أѾͷԾ֪ˡҫһͷһ֯ԣˣֻ˸ž֪˰ҫ˼
ǣҲʶı˫Ŀͷųռ֮Թٽ̽飬ŸոͻûãԿռ֮գûҫǰ죬ֻ̽һˡ
˫֮󣬱ҫһģһ˾ϲ֮ɫһԵ΢΢һЦڵ˰ɣͨռ֮ǿԳ׵ĸǣڵһȱв㣬ֱĵز
һԵָֻҪѹҲǰ뻯ĳ̶ȣŵĹֵҶֵܺпһͻƵ뻯Ϊпռ֮и죬һж°빦
˵ǰ㣬ռ֮ȷ˴ܣԭڿռ䱾Դ򣬽ڣҲǿռ֮ˡ
ռ֮һע֮󣬱죬Ĳ֮ʲеǿʣеȱᱻռ֮㡣
Ҳ˵ͻƵ뻯֮ʱռ䱾ԴĿռ֮ԶӵеһУһֶĳ̶ȡ
Ͼÿ˵ʵǿͬͬһڵľֶиߵ֣֮뻯ҲУֻǶԼԣܴﵽԵΪֶǲڵģֻԵġ
ֻϧֻֽһΣǣﵽ뻯֮ÿռ֮˽ͬԭ죬Ϊָ㱾ѾһΣܼǲǵãӡԺУֻҪ̾ˣҲֻõĲˡ
Թҫôÿռ֮֮󣬰ҫҲ飬ǽ״̬״ָ̬֮һˣҫҶĶˣǿǸ°ˡ
˶Թ˽ڵȫ죬ڴĿռ֮ͬʱ֮ҲǵĿ˾ôҹ֮á
峿ŹɽʼضɽҡͣϵĿռ纣һɢһɼǿĿռѹڰ˲칬һ֮УǼΪģϯԲǧ׵ķΧ
ⷽԲǧڷΪûдﵽ񾳵ĸ֣̱ڵأǸоԼļͷѹһɽվЩ񾳵ߣһȻɲˣȻվֱǹɿֲĿռѹϢĸо
ڴʱ˲칬еĳȫǼİ״ǲ뿿ԽԽǹɿռѹ벨ʵֲ̫ûһ׶е쳣ĳѾǼˡ
ǳͻƵ뻯ʱĿռ䲨ҫѾͻƵ뻯ûǣǰͻˣҲųˣǵǹǣҲѽΧô󣬳һͻˣ˾պ¶֮ɫڵ
˵ٴˣڸýа׹׸ˣǸĲ˿ڣֱҪǴȥ˻Цǰ˲칬ûصģ̧˾պĺصһ£ҧгݵ˵ŭ˾պ㣬ֻǰ⺧˵Ŀռ䲨оеѡ
˾պ׳ʹһţһСţʲôϵҫҲ˵ڵʱֱӽҲûϵģνôĸ
ĻᣬȴûӹεĶ䣬ںѵʱΪ׵ĸ뻨ͬʱعͷݺݵĵǶһۣŵһӣʱñӻԣΡ
ڶһУ뻨绹ǺϵģǵĻ߰ҲòӣһʵǶ˶˼ܣͷҲУԼĲģһҲհ
ܲѣһ˯ͷʵԽԽǿȴֲ£˲칬˲żüҲȥʲôҫֱӽ˳ã帣ȥˣ˳ҲΪõ˻Ǳɸʮȫ賤ְ֮
ûõˣԭڳܲ⣬ʮ֮࣬񾳳ϣĽͶģԭʡ֮صŹ齵ġ
ӳ񾳵˵Ʋҫ̸жʮ֮࣬νǿһһǷа˶޷⣬ȻɱȲʮ󳬼ѿɱȼ۷ˣ뵱ųʱȣͬն
⻹ֻǸ߲սײսӸǿֲͽѹʮЩӡҵӣа˲칬ڲͽ֮࣬ǵײս֮ǿϵƽ˴
ƽŵѾӵ֮ڳ°ѵ£սηսսһУĴʡн߳ɵĵǴģɳƵǰ˲칬ĵײս
˴ɱֲ䣬˰٣ҫһ֮Ȼ˵˴ڵײս֮ٵģǵʵȴӹǿġ
Ϊİ˴ڰ˲칬ĵҩ֧£Լҫ˵Ľ̵˰˵ΪѾȫͻʥ۷֮аҫڣԼ°н˴ﵽ񾳵Ϊ
֮ģ˴֮̿࣬˿˶ľһϢʱ䲻ĸʱʱ䶼ԼджȹνйϷ棬Ҳʵ㾪ԭ
ʵ޿ɺǵģ˴˶׳ɣǶ԰ҫ˼ѾﵽһäĿľηݣҫ˹ȥ¼ټŴζԿаȡôʤѾѰҫ˵ǰȥĤݣΪҫ˵ȻǿԼԽǿԽá
Զ֮˲칬ʵЩ۷ĹģټϹ˼ͻƳɹô۷֮ҲǶĴڣôܹɹͻôǰɺ˵Ŀռ䲨Ѿ㹻˵ˡ
ûãռѹ벨ʼ𽥼Ҳһ֮ǰǹɿռѹʵԳܣڼȥĳЩΪϵ͵ˣ¶Ҫˡ
ʱǰһŵռͣɢ漴ҫԼͬʱӿռ߳δŵ΢Ц԰ҫΪ׳ǰ
ҫЦϢҪͻƵ뻯Ϣȥ


ʮ ծһͳϷļƻ
û뵽ҫһôһ仰˶˵ˣܰһãȻʵ׶磬ΪʲôҪϢǵʵԽǿԽô
֮󣬰ҫܰ΢ЦʵȷԽǿԽãδҪ˶֪Լ֪ˣһԵˣؼʱ̻Գ䲻⣬з磬ʱһʱĺá
Խǵͷֹްҫȫɷϣİ˲칬ڰҫ˼ͻƵ뻯֮۷֮Уȷǿһǣǵа
ʵаȣ޷ƥеģΪ˱аע⣬躹޲֮ߣӵ㹻аƥеʵʱһٱа
ܰҲʲôɵӣ΢һ㿼ǵһ㣬ǳŰҫ˱ȭȻһԵҶʹ˸ɫ߻飬һͬȥ
֮ǰǹɿռѹ벨̫㣬ԼЩ˿ԾڲᣬЩܵѹȵĵ˿»ᵽȥҲٰٰʮ˻еģܰһ˿ɷⲻסô˵ĿڣҪҶæ
ֻǣ˲ȥʱ򣬰ҫһۣЦ֮г˽թ֮ɫͬʱ֣Ϸ
ʱһԵĹһö˼עҫҲһЦǰͻȻϹ溣ڵСã
Ϲǰҫ΢΢һЦڵСãִвĳӦ֪˰ɣ
Ϲ溵˵ͷҫ˵ͷУִвĸ˰ɣ
ҫô˵Ϲһ㶣漴æ˵ңҲеģûйܣñȥɣ
ҫϹ溵ļ΢ЦϤһ¾ͻˣӴһЩľҲкôģôˣ
ҫô϶ϹҲƴǣԴ˵ͷȻҫƺʲô˫зתͷһҫͻȻֺܲĸо
ʦ֣쵼ִвʱɣûɣҫЦе˵
һ۰ҫЦı飬ֿһϹ溣Ѿ˰ҫʲôˣ΢ЦεҡҡͷӦ
ϹҲûʲôΪ˺ƣƽ׽ˣ˭ǷǳټǿʵʵŮȻûĸоԼ߰ԼоҲǣûзԡ
磬պСʲôطĲԣѣϹ溻ߵǰʩһ񣬵Ц
һЦͷڵȻʵѵģĴǣӦúܿӦҪˡˡ㡣㡣
һ˵ţһԶȥ˵ıӰҫаϲнһô
ҫתͷеʱûҲڿֻǿһ۱Դҫģа̾ǵԺ˵
ʵҫ뽫Լӵĸ߸ϾѾˣܰϹ溡Ҳֻ֮飬ֻͨѵĸ飬Ȼû˶ȽǸȥ˵
ǰѾкõѡˣֱҶ˶ǰҫˣһе̳ܰϹ溽ǣԼҲġ
ɻѰˣҫ밵деģʵ൱ɲŮòӦкܴһŶԣɶƺԱ˴˶ûǷĸоϲжǵĶˣڰҫ֪ý˭ˡ
ڰҫŸе˷ʱǰһ͵͵һѣҫ˲عЦصһë漴ǰ˰˰֣ڵˣȥæɣסҪκἰͻƵ뻯£κ˶ҪᣬһҪܣ֪ô
Ե˵ͷȥֻл࿴˰ҫһۣԴһֿɬתȥҫѾ֪ˡ
Ȼи檺ƽҫ֮ĸ飬Ӧݲµڶ˵ģҲûϣˣֻܽ㺴ĵףĬĬȥףˡ
ȥ֮ҫĶߣЦҫ磬ǷΣǵծǣʰ鷳ɣ
ҫһ죬ƲƲ죬ε˵ⲻʰô˵ˣûմǲݣԼɶҲסѽ
ĵܣĸ磩ܲһˣͬ˵ͬʱ¶һֶ񶾵
˵˾ǿҫˬһǣԼ˱˵һëûУҫģôܲٵԺﵹðĽݣʱһ㶣˦˦Դٶ롣
һ֮󣬿ռ˲Ƶ֮ϣ֮󣬰ҫһڵҾãڿԽһƻˣδʱҪһͳϷ
ҫһ䣬˶ûзԵһͳϷļƻѾճˣֻʱһ¼ҫ˿ղȥʩչƻڸոպʱȥʵˡ
ʵһͳϷԲʲô£ȻϷҲ۷Ĵڣ뻯ҫ߿֮࣬Զ٣䶼ѡ
ǵʵһͳϷҲ㹻ˣֻĵܣпǹЩɵĴôһָһ˳ô죬ʱԻһѿеӲͷҪӳѽҶĿҫ΢ǵĿڵ
һԵĹٿҶһۣдһ֮ɫ˵ͷ֮󣬿ڵѵҲһأûʵ˵ǰ㡣ҵ鱨ʾϷϵ۷ֻһǸһԭʼţӵ뻯Ҳ࣬ĸѣǿ֮ԭʼ뻯ڵΪǵʵҲ㹻Ӧࡣ
ɵУ۷ȴĸֱңɡ޽šʵļҪһ𣬹뻯ʮȥҲ൱ĳǴϳ׽ǣ򣬵ƾǵʵʤͺѹˡ
ٷԼ֮󣬰ҫ˰֣һָĪЦݣڵҾҪһ𣬸ˮ棬ʱ򣬺п򶼲ôǱֱͶǣϵż궼ԣҪǱЩ
һ˽һ㶣漴ֿʼͷ˼һ˲Ҷװҫ«ﵽʲôҩԼһֹЩϣҪǴٳ˵ƣҫﵽʲô
ۼ˳˼ҫҲż΢Ц裬͵⣬ûã˫ĿһҫЦ˵֪ˣҫ赶ɱ˰ɣֻҪǱЩҽϣôһǿĽа
˵ٵͬҲǰһǲ㲻͸һ仰ֱӵˣҲ֪ҫļƻʲôˡ
Ҳ˵ķӦ˵𣬽˵аʵҪǲ£ʱ򣬹ԮȻȣǱ˳µĽ̲ϷȻܳΪǵ֮ɣ
ҫ΢ЦͷӴ˵һˡ
һ죬Ŀ˰ҫһۣģǽĵĲУҫһʱ䶼ˣҪǼٴĿ¶׹⣬ŭҪϺһˡ
ֻҫͿһԼΣ漴˵֮ҵ뷨˼ƿһ㣬ɷϵǣǳЧʣֻҪƻе˳δļǵ͵һ൱ɹ۵ĵزаϱ⡣
һ䣬ٰ˰˵ûʲôģֻع̣ĵܲҪЩĵĹǣļƻܰаѧֶΣѾĴˣǵ˼ء
˵󣬿ˣҲǵͷͬʵȷˣ˲칬ɨʡ֮ʱ϶ǽɱԸ˳ɽԸ˳ҲǷһ·ǿӲֿĶɱ¾ϾɱļûУֶѾǼΪˡ
˶ʾ֮ͬ󣬰ҫ˸漴΢ЦôһͳϷļƻʹڿʼʵаɣ


ʮ 磡ҫı
һʱ˲칬ΪΪ˲칬Ϊе˲칬޵֮ƺɨϷ
սɰ˲칬Ƶʡܱ֮߸ǣӪĿͨʮͽֿʮɳõʮϴӿɨܱʡ򣬲Ž¶ѣѴʡ򣬽Ȼ
⵱ĿĻҪ˲칬ĻƽţԼҫ˵İ˴֧սޱȾģʡ֮Ǵģ˴Ǳ˳֮Ϊ˲Ǿͷ·콫һ㼸˿ɵС
ӵײս˵԰˲칬ƽŵսҲֻаľͽܹƥУ˲СδĿռ൱֮ɹۡ
ʡҲǽĽ˳Ĺ˳ҲӲͷģҲƴֿ˲칬Ҳִ֮ǰɨܱʡߣԸͶԸ˳ģɽƴģҲûиϾɱȫ
ѪȵĽ֮УΪѾ֮ˣмɸǱ˲칬˺üΣʼղϹ齵˲칬û߳ŭɷһ·
˵һη·ǽ裬ɽʮεսȴɲɱǾˣǼڵʮս֮óϷĹ齵ڰ˲칬˲칬νǴƣãûһ˲칬㣬ķ
ʱȥ˰꣬˲칬ӵеĵѾﵽʮʡĿŵزѾϷ֮һĵ⵱л۷Ĵڡ
˰˲칬Ҳ֪飬뻯ڵĴڣټޣ۷ҲûôԽܣ顣
˲칬ҲֹͣŵĽŲʼϢȹ̺ôĵ̣ٴȥǷа˵ĵˡ
ôа˵ķӦأ߳ŭʲôӦһͳϷģڿɺãǱ˲칬ռȻԭ÷а˲칬ΪжԹϵˡ
οķŮ֮ڼҰҫ̸ȴ˱Ÿ֮ķȻŭҫʶ̧٣ʽа˲칬ȫ濪ս֪ҫܹо뻯ߵĻȫ濪սתȫ齵ˡ
Ȼڷа˲칬ս֮ȻǱˣ˲칬ɽɷа˿ʹ£Ȼֻ˼ؼĳУ۽Ͳ˵ˣʿǵҵĺܡ
⼸ؼҲûסֻһѣȫ˲칬˻ֵǣ˲칬ûгʤ׷ô÷а˸ӻ˴Ӫ
˶Ū˲칬Ҫʲôˣ磬İ˲칬ȻԼҲ÷аӹһ٣Ļ԰˲칬սֱܿӴ򵽷а˵ĸأҲŵԭַС
ķҲûб˲칬ǿսŵҲԼƾǾǱĿɽֵܣ˿ʵ뻯ߡ
ֵܵϴ𣬾ΪѾﵽ뻯ڵĵزҪʤһλ뻯ڵΪսǿĿԡ
ķȻΪ˲칬Ĺҫ֮ûдΪ˵Ĵڣⲻ֪ҫд㣬ֱ˲칬ռϷʮʡһ֮ٴγһ£ڽеˡ
mңɡǸ޽šħڣ۷ɷ׷׸ˮ棬ȹ鱨ᵽ˻ҪҲֹܹٵ鱨׼ȷֻ˵Щصʵ̫ˡ
۷ɴ϶ʮһ֮ĵһ²һǸΪҷֻԼһĶֵأսκػȫ
ǣ񽭺ľƾ൱ˣ֮ķݣӵʮʡİ˲칬ڶϷʣʡķаռϷϷѾΪɵĵ̣ݱаĵ̡
ķݣаӹǿһȻǰ˲칬εҪаˣڽһʱϵҲƽ˾һء
Źɽ˲칬̳ҫ۴֮Ͽʼ£ٵĻ㱨֮󣬰ҫһŲ輸һߵЦüƣЩ֮л˴ڰ
һԵӹ磬һֻЦݣڵǱȻѽÿܻ֮һЩ˲ŵģҵû뵽ҫĲ־ȻҲᱻƽ⣬⵹Ǻټأ
ҫƲƲ죬ںĻصֲɣֱҲѽ˵ˣûƵҵĲֻ֣һѣһ룬ܵġ
ĵܣóı֪ǣɵҲСûеһʱһ𣬿ȥһɢɳʵϣÿɵפڲķΧǣһȫıƺıưٿڵ
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦûҲµıԣǽǵǿǲǵǱٳµʱҲǲòǱƳ֮һһ𣬲Ҳã̲ҲãպԿаҲ𵽲Сá
ǲϣȴŽϵĻǾͱȽ鷳ˣȥһɢɳȴ֦ͬҪҲֻһңǴȰҪ±룬òʧıԵȷǸа
ҫĻõ˵һ֮ͬΪƿʼָпʵĵܣ֮ǰ˵Щֻһıһأ
ҫ˸ָ΢Цܼ򵥣ⷢӾͿˣǵһĿǷаˣ|ηаʽϣҷкܶڳǰһŽʡôǾ͹аˣЩɻ᲻ʩԮ֡
ǳ֣Ǿˮǵʵ۷ɸǵĶ֣Ҳòϣǲ֣ǾͰѷа˸˰ɣʱǵʵٴ˳֮£ɵ㲻Ϊǡ
ҫһ䣬ٵ˽һ㶣漴¶һֻĵЦݣò˵ҫڲıһ棬ȷŵ츳
˼Ƶȷԣıĺˣ̯ǰ㲻ʧܴʧҲܴԼһǻһʵ˲С
ôھȥ׼ɣа˵ķΪ壬ֵܻǼǿģȻޣܲûǲõĺãϾҲ̫ˣʵƴ²Ÿгɾ͸أҫһ˵ţһȥ
˺棬ڵҫ磬ȥѽ
ʦе£ȥһˣҫһЦ漴֮򿪿ռ䴫ͣգۼʧǰһʱھŹɽĺɽأ̨ʯ̨֮Ѿиڵˣ
Űҫûͷܸоĳ֣ͷҲص΢Цʦܣ
ҫ˵ͷչһ½΢Цʦ֣һսɲҪŶһԼʵȥʲôĵزԣҿǻᾡȫŶ
ת΢ЦͷڵİɣʦұȻȫԸ֤ǣ
ã
һ䣬ҫһڵԪһ纣Хһȫ汬񱩵İɫ𾢲£˳ĽϯԲʮ֮ԶƼ产ˣ˺ֱײݺݾȥ
Ԫһͨ񹦶幦
һǰһӴһ˲䣬ǰĻǱһĽֿߣһŲƥһѼӴмǹƥĽһִǵĽ·Ҫ춼ͱһʵǾޱȡ
o񹦶幦fwλ
ͬʱ϶壬ͬʱÿռ֮סΧľڱԼ˽սʱྡྷݻ٣ⳡ֮ͬս̱Ȼﵽһּ侪˵ĵز


ʮ ֮ͬսƽְɣ
.أ
һ죬𾢷ӿݺᣬҫ˴˵ľˣڶʩչռ֮Բ֮ڵһоﱣãǶ˶ʱྡྷԽΧľɨĿȫǡ
ڶ˸֮ʣһ̤һɫĽâζȻӿ˽һ࣬ͻһգ۵Ĺ򣬱ҫǰҵľ룬ָֻ裬â׷ɣʹҫ
oָֺһֺУ
ۼ磬ѸͣҫŲæһ˳ƺתޱߵᾢһǳͼչ֣ᾢתңĽ˲ɾһͿ
Ųƣ
ﲻжᾢһһˣ˫βָϸ˿һĽâ˫趯һѤĻ棬âǳͼ֮ϣ·תȻƹͼһ
oָὣ
һл˰ҫһû뵽ŲƾȻķʽƽ⣬ʵڹ󣬾ΪԶǰ£ŲƼβƣﲻжﲻܷġ
ǶԷĹǿֱ̫࣬ݵֶùȥǿУֻҪôаҫǹڲ֮ء
ȻɣᣬᾢâűŲʱ˳ƶΪҫǰҫʼδģֻ˫Ŀһжѧ츳Ȼ𾴡
Ƶĺãʦ֣ǵһᾢŲƵˣ
ҫ޵һת𾢲ת𾢻УһлͰͭǽһ㣬ܵᾢâ漴˳һƺӡֱƶ˵Ļ𾢻Ϊڶŭצĳȥ
ơɽ
һ޿ޣһЦָ䶯Ĵָǰһ壬ˮͰһĽâһľֲޱȣƸǰԵףҫĻӡҪͼ֣ǻӡһֱӽ䴩ȥƲֱҫȥ
oָԽ
ǹôʦֵĹ쳬˰ɣۼԼĻӡ䴩ҫаŵһ㿪һǰԽ
ڰҫ콣âһ˲䣬ǰͻȻһâֺƶ£ǿľˣҫ磬գֵ֮ҫǰֱָ̰ҫüģǺ㡣
ҫ޾ɫһͷ½ϣܿһ߸̧糤һ˦һƼ꣬ٶȸǿ磬бĲȷ絶ɷǾˣһһû뵽ҫȻĽǶ߳һš
ȡ߳ɲư
žһ죬ǧһ֮䣬ζ̧оյĵסһţֱֻϴľʹһŵľصĿֲ
ǱȰҫҪһڵ뻯ǿߣ԰ҫ뻯ڵΪȻʹɼʵҪͨ뻯ڴǿһﲻֹ⵹벻ġ
ʵ⵱еҪҲܣΪʲôҫÿһ綼ҪͬȾĸǿô࣬⻹Ҫ鹦˼
ʱ򣬰ҫ޷ͬʱʹõģҲ˵սʱϾ񹦾ͻʧȥȼֻͨ˵ˮ׼þ񹦵ĻŻᱬ߲ɼã԰ҫʵ൱Ӱ졣
ֻӰڰҫͻƵ֮ʱѳ׸ı䣬ÿһξͻƶðҫںϡ
ͻƵ뻯İҫǿںѴﵽųɣͨ۲죬ͬھΪ뻯ҫƥ֮ˡ
ؿǰʵ޻һţȻܽ뻯ڵߵĶʹѵ԰ҫʵս˵ͬھ֮Уҫеˡ
ʱҫһŲУûкˣ˫һŵ棬κڰգ˫߳ƾˣ಻ڣɽǵصӰ֧׾ӦӲϾһӱ㱻ҫ·硣
ȡǧ£
ʦܵпһ˽һˣƵ˴Ӳƴǲˣֻ԰ҫķУа԰ҫݲְ֮⣬ֻȫԸ
˵ʱʱ죬ķӦν죬ڰҫʩչһ˲䣬һԾһӰݺύдųɫĽâ˦߶ȾѸǶȸ쳣ĵ꣬ÿһŶ׼ȷĻаҫʱı㣬ƸӲĶס
oָֺ̤Ʒâ
ѽʦֵÿһŶǡôĹеıҵʽۿۣõɾȻҾɺˣ
ҫаֿ̾죬ȷâ쳣һػضԼеıԼ޴ӷƵԼòС
ҫжأһˣƶ𣬽׷ֱϣʱ򣬰ҫͻȻһ٣ȳŵأ͵ĺһţͻһţ죬;ף֮ǿԶϢĸо
ȡ޲ս޲ʤ
һţЦһͬһ߳Ⱦдĳ콣âܵĿռ͵һεһŵľ·Ҫռһ㣬ɷǺˡ
oָֺŭգ
һźݺݵڰҫĽӿȪѨϣɫĽâƥĳ徢ҫ׻쳣ҫĿֲȾҲûĽ׸飬˱˴˵ľ𿪣˭ûֵˣˡ
ڶͬʱ˿֮ʣҫ΢΢һЦڵʦ֣СҲһָâŵʦֶָ̰
˵꣬ҫ˫۽˫ָڿָָۣһâӿ˵ɫâ͸ָâ缲ƿգÿһâŸԵĹ켣Ӱ˸ͬķλۻң׽
񽣡˽뷢
񽣣ãͣǶȵ꣬Ʈ޶ǳãʦܶˣʦⲿ㵱Ǿ䣡
һЦֺ̤αòһ߶ŰҫĽâһ߿ڿ޵Ļǳĵģҫ죬ͬţҫԽǿԽ⣬ͬʱƷɵ۹Ҳ쳣ľ塣
ʱҫ΢ЦֹҲػ˫һעâ֮Уӳâ۵ʱ䣬һ˫ַתڶâǰ̣޾ƿ籩һȥ
һûеطɶˣƾٿ죬е·ֻ֮չ
ֻ˫ָֽ費ͣɫĽâ֯һƬԹ֮£ˮк޿ײ룬һʱҫľƴ൱ѷָ¡
oָɻȽ꣡
ʱⷽԲ֮أǵصĽâݺύγһĿĵĽֱۣ˻֮ʱֹͣһֽƱƴܵһĿ꣬һƬǽ塣
ʦܣ˫ƣʩչһ£ʦּʶʶˬһЦڵ
ʦּȻˣʦܵȻҪȫģһноʦ֣СˣҫͷЦ˫һϣ漴һ֣ǰʱһ֮һ׶İɫ
ɣŰҫ˹ָЦ
ҫһֱһ˦ֶס˳ȥȥƱֱȴľˣҲֲͬƥγһ׶İۣת˲ѵǰ
һ
һ˫Ĵָ˳ƺһֲĴɫâ͸ָâֱа׶쳣Կٵ֮һǰ֮ƣݺݵĺ˰ҫĻ֮ϡ
oָԽ˫ϓģ
Ȼһ죬ĻƥĽâһ𣬺˵˻ʮ籩ɨķ涼һ㣬˵ľжƴֻþ춯ݡ
ȣӦƽְɣʦ֣
ǺǣӮʦܣ˫ƣʦûˣ
ʦ氮˵Ц㶼ûȫأҿ֪oָľʲôŶ
ͬʦֵܣֲĵжԣƴֵز
ţʦ˵ƽְɣ


ʮ ϴˣһ˱
ⳡ֮ͬսһ䣬ȻҫڿӲǼƽֵ˵ĺܣǸŶԡ
ΪҫŸոմﵽ뻯ûãԼأѾ뻯ڵΪ˰ΪԵȵĻôԼҲûˣ԰ҫʮ֮ڱȻҰܡ
ڰҫأǿĵĺܣĽ֣治٣жԾҲ˸ͬʱԼʵ̶Ҳһŵ˽⣬
뻯֮ͬڲ˵޵УҲƥУԼһڵܴӮҲҪƵĴۣ뻯ڵĴߣǴ򲻹ģȴǷǳɣʥһ뻯۷壬ܹܵõ
ȥҫʵûʲôֱ̫۸ܣ˵ҫʵӵԽսʵһ㽭֮о
ϾΪԽߣԽսԽѣΪﵽ뻯ĳ̶ȣҪԽսļûܣɰҫȴʵ
ʱ⾲̨ɲֹҫˣ١ָСҶġ°㵵ĿŶ˳ǰ
Ƕ˵սȻûиˣκǹսʵ̫ͣǰֶ뻯ĴߣôܸоĴڣ˸ոսûã˱Ըϵֳ̾۵ס
ĵܵʵȻѾﵽֵزôҲ̫˰ɣ뻯ڵľΪҶһܵŵģָָԶĶˣ㶵˵
ȷǿľˣǵбҪֲĵܶ൱ҪܹƵˣָ̾ϢһĶͷ˵
ҵǾã˵Ҫ۸ʵԸĸһϳŶ°ָָ΢Ц˵
ûĵ˳°һۣŵһӣЦˣǹٽӹ磬Ц˵ĺе˵õĹѾﵽo˪Ķ幦ӼϹʮ֮һĵɴϣټһ似İ֮ʵǺܶѽ
ϴ㶼ȡЦңǵģҸҫô򰡣ûȫģʤҲûôҪˣͷεĻص
һԵҶģŹŹֵЦݣŹٿڵϴĻرѽƽﶼ˵룬ͷͷǵ˵û꣬˷ϲ¾ˬư
ո˵ʲôû壬˵һΰɣɫһҶһۣϬŵС˰벽æԼϣϵıȴЦͣ
磬ʲôϲ°Ҳ˵£ҫҶߣЦʧȥ顣
ۼҫʣҶƺ˿ɽһ㣬ЦĻصĵܣ͵͵㣬ϴ
͵͵ҫЦˣа漴ֿ٣εĲС
ҫǺҲǴ򷨟oͻ뻯ʱ򣬾Ѿﵽƪƪκ˵ָƣٵ̬Ҳܸͬоĵ
ϴǲѽҫ߹ʵ
ûİһۣ˵ֻûһƲҸֻǷֻ֮ѧϵľְˣ
ҫ΢ЦͷڵǾͺãģ㣬˼ҹ
˵̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵ڱһаˣдŸң˵պߣ֮ʱ˵ɣ
аˣǸϴ㽻ֵСɣһԵòʱȻңҲߡ
ҫĿڵѾͷ֪Ǹˣ
ҡҡͷڵֻǼѣǸСĺأǽģܸϴ൱Ŷ
Ŷôܸϴ൱ҫ΢ԾĿ٣жʵȻƽ￴ʲôرĵط涼ӹǣֻиֵ˲֪
ھΪԵȵ£ٽս򲻵ó־սʮУʤͺˣʮУжǿӮ涼ᳬ߳ɣʮôǱɡ
⵱ûаĳɷ֣ΪڹķǿԿѧʽԼڹķğo񹦣ֻҪȥôᱻ֪ڼٵĽƣϸٴ־ս͸ûֱ
Ҳˣ֪ܸٴ൱֮ƣҫòȣֻǹٵķӦȴԵúܵȻ
ֻ̾һ漴һĿҫڵЩص㣬ֻǰ˲칬ĹǶκ˶һ棬ΨаУа˲ֻɱôĵܣһô
һ˶סˣһԵҶĶʱв͵͵ǰٵ½ǣɺ߲û˫ĿĶŰҫţҫҲһֱעŹ٣ֳĪĽ
ʵٵ˷ǳѻشҪ˵һΣôеһξͻеڶΣΣĴΣΣô˲칬ɷҲֻǰҫһõЦˣʱֻɷΪǹаҸȼ
Ҫ˵ôҫ֮ĸƱػһѺۣڲᱬѺۻΪܶԭͣı䳤пܷһǳµ飬˲칬ķѡ
ʱǽ˲ã˶֪ٽ쵽׳ԴʲôҩȻ׳˽˲õҫжеĪھ͵Ȱҫôشˡ
زƣϴҽΪһιأǽȻֹסȥԼµĹأô˲칬ĹҲֻһЦˣҲΪ㺦˰˲칬ԣϴҪ˵Ǹˣزƣҫ˵쳣ļᶨ˿ûа˼ôֱĿŹ١
˶ãͻȻЦˣͷЦĹٿĵͷһμƽĹٿǱɽһЦҲֻǹǰˣһֺܷܵĸоֿЦģǴûй
ֵܣúã֮ǰ˵ΪһΣô̾ͻֵ𣬴ӽҾӸλ㣬ȨʴһʮоŸѽٰסҫļԷθ˵࣬ҲڵİҫǸ԰ΪθеˣҫĻش൱⡣
ϴģҫӶ֮λΪεȸǿҲɻǰǸҫ㵽һ̣Ҳʼղ䣡ҫҲĿסٵļ򣬳˵˵ĶԻҲдһ֮ǰǰǸŵòᡣ
ʱҶǰµ˵ϴĵܣ˵ԺǲҪˣ඼ǸųˣĵѽȻزƣϴôѽ
ûƲһۣҫЦ⻹򵥣˳аܹҵи뷨ҵ
ʲô뷨ͬʵ
ȥݱһ˰ɣ
ʱݱԭһƴĳڴˣĹģȫǰʡнй滮ֺûʣа֮ϵĴӪаǡ
аǵĴһռʮĶĸ֮ۡУŮһڻ԰֮ͤУа֮һκӵԵƮƮɽˣ
Ҫ˳аǺǣ㵱аʲôط˵˳˳ȥ磬аǳΪеЦκӵ˿裬ֱĿЦ
һЦ˵ҿ⣬апȥ磬ŲһĹ⾰ô
κӵ˰֣΢ЦһʱһʱҪаҲ㣬ǵҲãҲãҲ㣬Ҫȥ˲칬ҾͲòˡ
κӵҪȥҵɣֲܣֻкѣɲôˣ˵֮תߣǰӶκӵĺɫƣֳ
԰Ϊû׼߲ƮƮ


ʮ ֻǸն벻ı
ңκӵδ£ƾ΢΢תͷƳһκӵʼղΪƮƮ˵
һһƮƮһӾըˣֻһ׹гӦʣһĽâ纣һѹ𣬴ľΪѾﵽڵˮƽһʵҲž˵Ľ
ϧǣƮƮپˣȻôģۼâѹֳָֽֽһǺɨƥľֱӽƮƮĽâ֮£ƮƮȥ
ֻһָ֮˺ˣɼʵڵ񽭺Ů֮УŽǰʮ֮У˪˸еޱȵĺ
ָâȻС㲻ãƮƮס֮󣬿𵭵˵
ͬҲעƮƮֻޱ飬񰵲ɱС㲻ҵĶ֣°ɣ
ʵǺ⣬ϲɱ¾ԺȰƮƮ⣬Ҳı⣬֮仰ȥȫûкȰ˼
ƮƮĶôôζټǸݣƮƮĸоƵģеаԽԽ
ǲĶ֣Ҫ֪Ϊе㱾¾ͿѹסңƮƮҲǳصģֵ¼°ɣ
ƮƮĽһһšһâУ˵̵ĺηһеޱȣǵأһǰƷ·һͷſľҪ𲻿ɡ
Ľŭľŭ
һƣֵҳеֵ
һ䣬ָֻǰһ壬Ǻƥ·𽭺ӷһĽӿƺХһӾͽƮƮĽâݺݵѹȥͬʱƱڲϢ͒һ㵵ƮƮ
䡤
Ľû˵ƮƮȽϸͲһϣǰߵʵ߹ﲻֹ⿰ȽһĽֻһԱ㽫ƮƮĽû֮ǿֻþ춯ݡ
ֲĽѹƮƮһ˲˺󳷣ûбİ취ӹΪ˵֪Ķ֣ҪʤҲֻʽ취ˡ
ƮƮһһ潣ߣӰ·ɣг͵ĶĽâת˲һ㣬˷𣬲֮ǰһУתΪ쳣׺ݡ
ʾ
üһ΢΢з˫ĿʼûгĴ㣬ָֻһĽâݺύ쳣ÿһâ޿ƥеľ·ҪǰĿռնһ㣬ƮƮĽâͬӰһͬ
䡤أ
ʼնûаνļָâʵޱȣƸΪŮȴ˸͵Ľһʱ䷴ƮƮѹˣǱѡ
ʽȥ֮ƮƮסΣ쳣ķŭսֲͣڱѪֹֻû鿼Լ⣬һ˫·Ҫ˫ĿݺݵĶ𲻷ţһûҧˣŭΪʲôν
Ը㣬Ҫν𵭵Ļص
һ䣬ƮƮͷϵ˲ѪǳѪ仰ûķըƮƮŭΪʵʣѾճɻҽˡ
ΪԴ󸶳ۣƮƮҧгݵ˵һԾʮ֮գָ졣
ͻȻէ֣һ£ƮƮĽ⣬֮븲ƮƮ֮ϣһԻһʩչУҪݺݴ¡
ûãƮƮгȻ£ɲǼ佣âƱһ㼲£ٶ֮·ƿգҽâ֮а֮ǵأе·޴ɶ㣬Ƽ侪ˡ
Ľľʡʣ
ʵ֪νö˶˵һ׾Ȼʩչ㲻ײֱ࣬ɶ
ŭˣŭƮƮݰûһôõĽһȷƾˣУȴֻò֪νݣûзӳһеľڣҲŭԭڡ
ʱĽָ͵ıһɼҫ۵İ׹⣬漴Ҳ̧ͷ̧һֱָʣһƥĽâƴ磬Եף֮ƮƮϸСâ飬ˮͰϸĽâһʰȻǷѹϣƮƮľкɾ
䡤ң
һƮƮǳ׵İˣ˵ĽеĳɣͬʱһѪκڵһ㵹ɶأһļ̿࣬ɵȴܵɴ䣬жѣ彣ûгʣ˴֮ʵ࣬󵽲ֹһǰ㡣
һöûУԳаһԵκӵ̾һ΢΢ҡͷ֮еɸֵζΪƮƮǻ˲ƵĴۣ˭֪߻ǲ
κӵ˵ңһֺˣҪ˷ҵʱ䣡κӵ˵˫ĮޱȣҲǴúܣƺûаκӵ̫һ¡
Ǻǣһ֪֮ģҾƮƮֶδĶ֣㻹ǲ뿪Ҫ㵱նհҫͶأκӵһЦɭޱȣڵ
𲻿ɵĿģ֪ǰøͨŵʲôͬʱıʼִһż٣дţаǱаãң
κӵ֮ʣ͵ıһɼ˵ɱ⣬˫·һ׺񣬿κӵܲڣôעκӵ˵κӵô
Σκӵ˿ηǷ·Ҫɱһ񣬿Ц
ΣҪѣ
˫Ŀ͵͸⣬гӦʣһգ֮䣬ѵκӵüǰһҵľ룬ٶ֮죬ƮƮһ亹ʱ֪ԼĲൽжˡ
ʯһ˲䣬Ľ̲ȥˣļһֻסҲָסûǰ֣˲ƣһǰһĽסͬһɿֲĿռ֮䶯á
˵ˣа˵˵߾ߵĵطĶȥˣֻ£ھ͵Ȱҫˡٺ٣κӵ豭˿裬Ц
ʱҫһаˣѾݱĸأһ·ڣҫ˲ûÿռ䴫ͣǿһ˫ɽˮֻΪݱӦúܰŶԣϾаͳһʵȴҫ˴ʧݱǲĺܡ
ġɱ¾ƶһ·ʲô羰ɽˮ棬һУԵûޱȣĳûУ˵Уɽͽ洦ɼʵǲĿ
Ҳðҫ˶аӵķߺޣˮ֮УаĹôô˵ȫûȥ
磬ȴⶼûУܵƺˣǻһܵݣԼɵգв̣
ˣǲҪа𣬻һ̫ƽʢѾǵĸ˶Թˣ˵ĶԹҫ§סļ򣬵˵
һ·ǿһӶûпĻ棬Ϸȣһãһǵ˵ɱ¾¶ԵĲ̣ƶĻչֳһĻ·޵нɣĵĻ˳˵Ŀֲ
ǰҫ֮ĿĵһĻһӶûа취ֻһ뷨ǾһҪ֮аײ´һ档
ʱҫߣ˵ĵܣãҪӿгˣ
Ŀ٣ҫʵôˣǷʲôô
Լɣٵݳһֽҫӹ֮üͷ΢΢дţаǱаãң
ҫֽ٣˵ͷڵô̰ɣȥаˣ


ʮ Ĩ䣿ͣ
պ󣬰ҫаǵĳ£һ·ϽʮСһĵˣ֪аķλڵĻƻʱ˴˵ء
ĵܣֱӷôҫ߿ʵȻɵĮޱȣȴһ㽹֮⡣
ҫ΢΢һЦڵϴǶѽȲı󶯣ϾаǣȽȥһʵ˵
ٵ˵ͷеңڵǰĸоûгֹκΣܱһƽȥԴ
ǣڲˣÿǻôһ˿֪а֮е侲һֻڵİΣ
ֹʾƣ߽ŵʱһֻаľͽСӽ˸һһڵ
ƣҫ˽һ㶣һ㡣
аÿ귢ŵһֽƣдߣаһ꣬һ֮Ҫ൱ӴĲƸаܼڳϽɲԼϳȥ൱ھͬˡ
аǲֹһܹоŸģаǣÿаÿ궼ᷢųʮöƣΪЩƣΪԼĸãĶԼͷѪͬʱҲԳªһ棬չ˳
ʱسǵаͽ԰ҫԵøע⣬һԴģҫ˸ǵĸоأǵŶ֮࣬¶һַǳǿһɲĸоɲǲ
ƣûѽƱкܶ࣬ܲͨһѽҫͷЦ˵һ˵ǮһԵҶΪԵҪǮǱȸ⻹ܡ
УҪƲУĻ뿪ɣ󺺽ַڵϣһ䱸ĿŰҫˡ
һۣεҡҡͷڵȻˣǾû취ˣ
˵ҫҲ˻ع̧žһһָոһ̣һаľͽȫԭأǵܿնǰ㣬ȫûӦеɡ
аͽʧģҫЦŵ˵ͷͷǰȥ˰ֵŸʲôǽǰɣ
ҫ磬ʲôǰָָЩɴԭصаͽʵٵҲͬǺĲУ¶һɻı顣
ҫ΢΢һЦڵҵĴ򷨟oеһСţҰǶǵļĨˣǵļ֮вǵĴڣҵһãͦɵģԭá
ʲôڰҫ֮ʣ˽ĿɿڴֿԽ˼Ĩֶʵе㺧Щֱ似ʵΪϹʮ֮һĴ򷨟oһֻǸһ档
򷨟oһƪ顯ƪΧ쳣Χһκα仯ڵһʱӦ
ڶƪ鶯ķƪ־ͼͼ˵֮ʽ֮УһΧڣֻӬӲ⾫ͼĸ֪ǡ
ƪͬ塯ƪǵԺȡ䣬Լţͬʱܽͨ˷۲쵽һУΪҪԼ
ƪƪĨһ˵ļѾ൱ֲˣһ˵ļ֧벻ȫôԾҲмӰ죬ƪֹڴˣֻǰҫûóѡ
ƪ黯ƪǴ򷨟oռƪҫĸСûдﵽ˵˵򷨟oǸ컯֮Ĵ⣬ΪֹûгɣӵеһֱǸԡ
Թҫһ߽šƪܣһаڣǶаľͽڰҫ뿪û֮˹ֻǵļвûаҫ˵ĴڣҲоͻأôԹԵѲȥˡ
֮аǵķҲҫ˶ģʽһµ˽⣬޷Ҳȡ侫ȥɣ֮ʿ󿪷֮ţЩƽϰվ𣬳ȫ磬һãһǵ
ֲԴҫ˿ĺܲǰ˲칬Ͻʡ֮ڣ䲻˵ȫûƶ׼⵱еĲ൱С˶ܳһڷ
λ߲ѹСߣС߻ҲϣֻҪŬһ£ȻԣҲܳԵñůڶŬһΪλҲǲܣ֮κ˶ϣٲȻһľ
أƽûϣԣҪ˵УҲֻǴƣͨôܡ
ЩƵˣһĺսթ֮ѰôܴƣνϣʵֻһЦļˣʼֻܴˡ
ҹ˳Ժһ֮󣬰ҫڿջаļ䶥᷿ס֮󣬰ҫڲ˵ļ֪һЩǳõѶϢ
ȣݱ֮ϣֱоаǴڣаǷֱаʥģÿǷֱפһʥڵаӰʥĹϽΧ
ΣЩ˵ļаҫκӵƮƮԼһ˵Ӱһ֮󣬵õ֤ʵȷɣҫҲ˿Ҫ߱аǡ
ȻаǵĴһۡκӵԼӰʥס䱸ɭϣһ岽һڣƼһ̶ѨпܹѺĵط
Ҳ鷳ǺܿҪаŴʥ֮һӰʥаľŴʥ˵֮֮ǰʥ֣Ҫ˲ǶҪһ̣ӰʥûкôǿӦҲ޼ǡ
ҫõЩѶϢ֮һӪľϸڣָȿڵҾҪȷǲۡ棬óȻֿ»ݾߡ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڻصѾȷˣҸո̽һ£ۡĴмңͬʱ˲˵ļ䣬ȷǱѺ
һ㵣ǳ˵ҲаĶأԼڵĿջۡҲʮ￪⣬ҫɫܽۡһ̽һĸǷΧѳǧ׵ľ룬ǹֲġ
ڵõҫĿ϶ָ֮Ҳǵ˵ͷ˵֮˾ͿʼĬҶһȫ֮ߣٵĴ۾ȳ
ûãҫڵҾҪɴ໯Ϊ㣬Ӷͻƣ˸ңϴֱȥˣʱһṩͼԼֻͨҪȵ̾ߣùǣڳϣȻÿռ䴫ֱͣӻذ˲칬
ҫһ䣬ϸһû飬ʼͷжһʱаǵĺۡ죬һţۡΧİ˸򣬷ֱһ쳹а֮С
ѣҵĵطк򣬻ǿҵס᲻̫˵㰡κӵ۾һգգĿǰ꣬Цǰҫ
Уôеôǣ˵ˣ˭˵ûдкģⲻǹкôҫƲƲ쿪ڻصͬʱһ˦һɻֱʮ׷Χڵ˸ɸɾ
޼ɵİҫκӵҲЦû´ĻΪ˾İɣ
ҫҲϣֵĵ˵ͷڵκӵҲϻûǰ˽ƽ
κӵ΢΢һЦڵȷǱˣܾܲȵҪıˣ
Ǻǣκӵٸʲô͵İϷҲҪǸʵУһˣ㻹ͣڳ񾳵Ϊ㵲סôҫЦһڻص
˵ûҾ͵İϷһаҲȷȲһҲĶ֣ԣ㣬ֻǰˣ
κӵһָָ̧Զ꣬һǰа֮еڡ


ʮһ κӵѹһ
һаôôǲ൱ʧˮ׼߸ϵĲа޼ҲʧȥģΪһ˵ĺճǸ˾ǰҫ
ԴӼͶڶҫ֮һаӼҫһ˴Уھа˱ģ˵һ֪νĵһȻҫһ˸㶨ҫԽԽǿԽԽ٣ӲϸȴɲǰҫĶ֡
ڵааУÿ£ΪһЦҫȴ죬Ϊһ
񣬰ҫʵվǺ͸죬ҫּΪһ׷Ķ󣬴һֵƷɵӰӣٲֽʸϵǰѾƷʱᲢۡ
ʵܵһУκӵĺܣһаҲһֱסͷ磬ûﵽ̫ࡣ
һ˼ֻνȫмһˣԺֲ˼ȡаʵ޿κΡ
·תǣĳһգ޼̸ģҲ̸֪ʲôκӵǰʱȻκӵհκӵΪȣֻ֮ǣȻҲ뵽Ƕ˵ĸıԭġ
ԭǣ޼һаʵʧ͸óκӵаĸֳ˸ʹ볤֮⣬κθֶǲҪ֮ڸ㶨ҫĻһаҲߵβˡ
ѹκӵ˵ѹҫôöԸôҪôöԸҵʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ҫʵǿֲǴһǿ֣ÿһμųĽʱգԼѾĶˣʥ飬ȴɾ뻯Ϊһ˲̫ľٶ
ֱҪаκӵΪһѵĻᣬƶ͵ļƻ֪ѾǰҫĶ֣ԲһаǰȭһΣɹʣò°ҫĻ޲ˡ
ؿǰҫעκӵˣ֮еһڣվߵһδ󺺣׿⣬ŨüۣһɲŭİȻ¶һּ͵ĸо
δ󺺵һС꣬üĿ㣬з˫ЦͣЦ쳣ı䣬µĸоȻҲһʡ͵ĵơ
Сڣ˵ҫǿѽһаӼһ˵УôСָָҫЦеʵ
ʼ磬ڻصڶȡϹʮ֮һĵɴʱֹûн֣ӿ͹۵ĽǶȷǿأ
ȥȸСЦŵ˵ͷ֮ʣӰһֱӳ嵽˰ҫǰ
ҫǰɣҽһ£ҽг磬ǰа϶ָѽҫߣͻȻ֣ûŵҫ¶һֺɫ
һľӣʣ˰ҫʵ
ʣҸСڣдˣôʲôôӺף΢Цʵ
ûʲô⣬ֻڸʱ䣬ûһʲôǰаӣǵаӣһɣҫ΢Цص
⻰΢΢üЦ˼˵һ˾ܶԸˣ᲻̫Դһ㰡
ǸʵԴѽҫһŵЦݣڵ
ԣһ⣬ЦڵûǸʵǿ˵ģ֤һ°ɣ
һ䣬һƵݺݵҫĲһƵļѸͣƥһһɼ˵ħâ͸⣬һ̶ĺХ
ħ߾Сħ
Ƶڣ磬սİҫ˵ҲǷӦֻһƱѹƵȻʽȴǸ׾ٵı㽫иȥ
⻹û꣬ҫһ֮һӡһߺХֱϮ򳣷ǰļҪȥƲ磬Ƕȸǵޱȣ⧲֮µĳȻҫ˻ȥ
ơţ
һسǶˣƾȻҫˣȻЦݲеŭڲͣӿš
ڳ֮ʣҫƲˣһȥֻ˫һһɺ˵Ļ𾢴߷ӿһѹ򳣷磬·
ơޱߣ
⿰ȾκһĻ𾢣Ц΢΢͵ıһѤĽ⣬ҫ۶Ŀ·𽫳ȾһᣬߵĻ˳ʱȻһͷû˺ַʵйֲġ
ħ߾ħ
ƾ΢Ҳңֱǲ֪νһŭȣһǿҵĽ⽫ܵĻ𾢸ѹ˻ȥգ֮ԾϨ
ʱվߵıδ󺺣߶ţСҪˣ
ʱֻҫЦһһ˳ƺɫĻ𾢷ۣһצĻת˲ݺݵĴ͸˳ţǰı͸˻ȥ
ơɽ
һƺ˸ʵʵڣ³нҲɳܲסҫƾһѪ˷ʮ֮ԶܵѿʵҲҪ̫У԰ҫʵκˣҪصĴۡ
񣬳ǳ˸ƿշ֮ʣǱδ󺺵һʵĿռ֮ס̫ѿ
֮¶֮ɫʱѾЦˣȻƲûжأսҲֻ֮ô˵ѿҫʱҲǳԹ֮ɫ
𲻷ȣ͸д˽ѵδƲһܻĳ磬˵
˵ʵڣǰаеĵλȳߣ߼ʹѵҲһ죬ϸ˰ҫۣڵǿֵҳ֣סҵ֣ҽٳɣֽΪһӵجΣ
ٳô˵ҫûٳɹ˹ָһϵеĶ֮⣬ҫҲȷ˵ԷĻ
ٳ֮ɫ˵һܣһֱڵֱĳҫٶȲƮ޶Ĺ죬ַǳֱӵıδķѹѾһϢĸо
˵ʱʱ죬գ֮䣬ٳɱҫǰֻ˵̧־һȭһȭʵ޻൱Ŀ񱩣ȭӡ·۳ʵʣݺݵĺҫͷ­
ۼԷһȭֿͣҫķӦҲһ˳ƺٳɵȭһ죬ͬʱ˿ʮ׵ľ룬жڰȶԷľȻ֮ء
ٳٿշ֮ʣгųʹ˸ɫͬʱ⣬Ҳ볯Űҫ˹ȥھңͬʱһƣҼлҫ
Ƽ죬ֻڰҫǿӦ֮£˵һһڰҫĸ֪֮Уֻҫ˫ֿ磬ƺסڣһѹס˳ƣжһߣֻһȫѹ˶˵ͻϮ
ͻȻһӰʹܶӴȫڵ˰ҫߣ·ɰСȭͷͺҫţҫ˫Ŀ΢΢˫˳ƷתŲ˲ͣǿľ磬˵ĹͬʱңѪƽϢ
ҫ˵Ĺ֮βˣżһ˲们ʮ׵ľ룬ٳɡ硢Ҳûиǲƣֱϣҫһ·磬ôһߺˣһм˵Ĺƣһʱݱѷָ¡
ʱҫѾֱӰ˸ͻаǵĸ֮ۡУֱ߳;ʮ񾳸֣ûܽӵסʽôɵĹնǼѺ⡣
ֻǵִʱȴֹס˽Ųǰһɫظֵסȥ·ٷǰظ־ƽˡ


ʮ ʥ֮ӰṦ֮ս
ʱٲǰɫظ֣һּǿҵѹȸУĪٶȣʵľѡ
֮ǰһ̣һ·ǰУհҫɨµĵͼϵȻٵûҫǰǿ󣬵֪ǺǿģǣظȴǷǳͻأĳǰʮ⣬һ˿׶ûУپ͸ûˡ
һÿٶȣٶȶԣܶĶ֣ҪСӦǡһֻûڵһʱչƣԲӦ䡣
СҪôظֿ˵ˣͳɳƣʯͷĦôôܡ
ٵ˵ͷڵǰɷУ
ǰǺǣҲǣǰ˲칬ҪҷҲǲԣӮҾͳɣظֿڻصͲЦ͸̶ˡ
֪ǰմ˫Ŀ΢΢˵ֻ˫³ʱгֵļ
ˣŵǻڣаʥӰ˱аŴʥ֮һӰʥǾŴʥУṦٶһ
ôˣ˵һ䣬ָһϵ٣УֱӰʥ
˵ٵĹ޼ѰôͻȻͣ޳ֵļӦܹ䲻ŶԣǣһӰʥУȴǺвԣӰʥ̻˹һ£ʲô书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ơ
ڹչƵһ˲䣬ͻȻе֮һʹǰ˳ȥҲ֮ʧ⻹û꣬ٵθոǰ壬ؿһʹһֵ˻ȥֱֱķɳʮײסΡ
ܣ
ɫķ·ҪγѪǰӰʥվԭأȥûж֣ʵϸո¾ɶԷʱ֣ô֣ûзӰӶûпӰʥŻûӰ࣬ȥ١
С֪ǵĲж˰ɣɣ㲻ҵĶ֣Ҫɱ㣬֪ʲôԭ򣡡Ӱʥվԭأ˵
һڟo񹦵澭˲临ԭȻٷϣһ˵ɱ񱬷˫Ŀ磬صգǷǾȲɣǰˣ
ǺǣСûǸʵңٲߣҪɱˣӰʥЦһɱⱬٻҪˡ
֮ʣ΢΢𣬿ڵƾϵ٣
˵꣬ٵһٵı棬һɴ۵ıɫӫ˲䱬ӫ˵֮ȻһƬڰش·İڱʱͣ٣͸¶һֹķΧ
ǣӫ֮ʱģΨһǣӰʥоԼ̶ȫ³ޱȣҪӣ쳣ļѡ
ѵǴ֮ãӰʥһ䡣
漴˶ʱһɼ产˵ֻǰıɫӫⴵɢ̶ĸоת˲ʧΣŲǰһһӣԳڹٵ
ֹ̧ʱ˭ֳ֪ٵпհ֣תɨӰʥĲĶܿ죬ôҲ첻ӰʥһɨˣӰʥٴγ˹ٵ̧־Ҫٵͷ­
ʱӰʥûпٵıЦЦļ죬Ӱʥӡոһ룬ͻȻһʹ˺˳ȥ֮ƺʲô
Ӱʥе쳣ɻܳԼûе˴ڣô֮ǰǵǴӺζ
Ӱʥû⵱еڣѾɱֻеٱֱƽƽ棬ƿԣӰʥʶֵ̧ӡ
ٽӴֱ۵һ˲䣬εĹһγ֣ͬʱӰʥؿڣ̣ȸ㣬ѪʼٵҲԴһ˿֮ɫ
һеЦֹһ·תݺݵĴӰʥ֮ϡֻӰʥÿӴʱ⵽˷оι䲻ֹһʱȻȫ·类ѹŴ
fɱ֡Ӱɱ޾
ЩĹأȴܸӰʥ̫ƣΨһǣЩģôĪ
ɻ󲻽ʱ򣬹˼ǿ˹ƣֻһɣеһΪβӣһꪴһɼǿĳ˺Ѿ磬Ӱʥݺݵĸ˳ȥֱʮ׿⣬ӰʥסΡ
fɱ֡һǳɰꪣ
ǿĿռ֮ΪӦñҸڣһп²̫˺а룬һһƬͬʱԴԷӰʥ˲䷴ˡ
Һܺ棬ôιģȫûй׳ѽӰʥûз֮󣬿ʵʱϵĺɫѾȫѣ¶ſӡ
پôעûлش˼Ӱʥ״ȻһЦڵ˵ˣòϣҵ͹ʵٶѾסˣҾһɣ
һ䣬ӰʥֱʧڹٵУһ㶣漴ؿһʹһѪ˷˳ʮ׿⣬ӰʥѾ֪ںʱǰһƸ˳ȥ
ӰʥЦһڹٵԣƺ֮켸ۼٻûӦƣٴα˳ȥ
һӣӰʥѾڹٵһƺһǱŹٵͷ­ȥģҪǺʵˣٵԴ»һ㱬ӰٵĿֲ֮£ֵûУ϶Էٶȣֻܱ
ǧһ֮ʣӰʥΧͻȻһ٣ת˲ǰĹٱʧ٣֮Ӱʥо˫һʹƺʲôסˣͻȻӲ˶˦˳ȥ
Ӱʥס֮ʱǰֶĳ֣һŹ٣һǶݺݵĵҶ֮ǰðڱʱܾͣ˹٣ҶץסӰʥ˫磬Ʒ˳ȥ
Ǿʥ֮һӰ˵ṦµһʵҶǸ߸һֳӰʥЦ
С֮ǰǸˣṦҪʥȣûǸʸ񣡡Ӱʥ࣬Ȼڷ̣жҶĵṦΪʶģ֮ǰϢĽӽԼɼṦȷŹ֮
ǺǣʲôģаҶĿɲôõڣϼһȻṦǿǱү͸úöһṦ
ҶɭһЦ˷ɳӥʳգ֮Է˵Ӱʥǰӥצǰһֱ̽ȡԷʺּӰʥһü⣬һƵҶһצһҶĵš
һƳּ죬ȴҶĵͷ­ϴ͸˹ȥӰʥһƾȻֻǴҶƶʱµĲӰԼ˰ΣãԳһδʧĿ꣬ǰδа
ϼһķӦҲ̫ˣķӦܽӰɴڹˣ
ҶĵӰʥĿսԣɹĵȼӰʥеŭ𣬺һŭȣٶּӿ˼֣תһƺɨҶĶȥһƫоյĶһУһצֱԷ˫۶ȥҲӰʥ⡣
һֳӰʥҶĵıʱ䣬תŲ·ɴܣٶֻ֮ˣǿ󣬾һԹսٶ𾪲ѡ
Ƕ˿ʲôŵΪ˵ṦѾǵĶ̬Ӿļޣƺ˸൱ʵϣҶѾþȫˣӰʥȴɱֵ磬Ȼûȫ
һ֦ٿҫߣһȻ죬һƬĽӦӰײʮײݣǱסΣǰа֮ٳɡڣǺɵǸǰҫ
ʱҫǰЦǵʵ̫ʧѽ


ʮ ʥ֮ڤ൱
ٳɡˣҫӮˣǴʤ˫սĹ򣬽ֹУٳȴûһлйҫ
߷·δ֪һ㣬Ԥ˵ĹڰҫһѹˣûơŲоʹȫܣܵ൱ѿ
ٳɻɱǷݴݲȵ侲¶֮ɫ֮г˲֮⣬ڻȻͬҫǾ˵ʵˣǸ΢Цı飬ƺʲôûʩչ
ôܣͬ뻯Ϊʲôľǿô࣬Уһѵδ֪֮ܲɣеĹƶԤˣôġҧгݵ˵ɫ˫ĿѪĶŰҫţɱ֮أ·Ҫҫʬһ㡣
С磬̫ˣ˵ٴˣԼԤϵ£Ҫ侲ķ侲˼ԽżԽ࣬侲ٳƳһܻĳ磬ĺǳ
Ȼٳʵڽѵ磬ʵ԰ҫҲǲĺܣȫû侲糣˵ǰ㣬ӾΪ˵ҫԼܻҪ΢߹ҫһǿҲɲǰҫĶ֣ͬڶͬʱ
ҫ̶ǸʱǿĶడʲôͻô΢Цʵıֲ侲Ȼ֮ǰҫʱҲһѾƽԴˡ
Ҳû˵ʱѾþȫѽҫ˫ۻЦӯӯĻص
ڵ˵ͷڵȫô
ҫʼ磬Ц˭֪أڰôоҵĻأʲôĿĵİɣ
ʲôĿģֻǶʵеˣôոʩչǴ򷨟oɣôǿ֪ѹǻ㣬ԭԤ֪ˡڰ˰֣΢Ц
ҫÿɷЦЦǳ̾һԶκӵڵӵǲĶ֣ʥǰְɣ
һ䣬κӵݺݵҧҧٴγܿƵķΧû뵽ҫȻǿˣ뻯ڵĴ߶£ˣһܴʤΪʲôҫͬȾ֮žԵƣһʼ벻ס
ٳѾͨˣڵ֮£˺ѾǰҫĶ֣ϵһŵƣҲòóˣûڣͻȻһ۵˷ǳͻأĳ֮䡣
˳ֵһ˲䣬ҫǰһڵаǵĹӰʥ
˳һҡҡͷڵаŴʥ֮һڤǸаΪһеİҫɣȻ鴫аһܼ㡣
ڤʥ䣬ҫ˲ͬʱתͷκӵõѶϢһǳؾֻһʥй滮ĻôͲֻɺˣԼһȺ˵Ĳ֡
⻹һ㣬ǾǰҫҲ϶ʥ˼ʱڵٵ˵İȫ⣬һͻƵ뻯֮ʥеκһеġ
ֻĻô֮£ܹȡʤģϾÿ˶սɹۡ
ʵȾӰҫ֮µĵڶˣһְټϹʮ֮һĵɴҫ˵ԼӮֻʥĻǻӦ
أĸأôξԮжҪʧܣֻܴظӳ飬ȲˣԼһ֮ǣ۵мʥҫҪȽǰ
аܴ󰡣ƺܼɵأҫڤʥЦ
ڤʥһڵֹѾʱƷᲢˣҲˣؾܷŻɽȥǻˡ
ڤʥ䣬˱ֱҫǸɱڵģǷҪҫɱˣҫҲһɴֱܶڤʥɲԴ֮ˣҪʲôǲܵġ
˱˴˶ײһӣҫ˳ȥڤʥҫһƣǿƾҫûܣȻûʲôˣϣڤʥһ
ۼҫһԴ·磬κӵ˶ʱϲָ֣ˣڤʥֻüͷû׷ҫվԭأԼƣ֮һɰɫڷš
񹦹Ȼ鴫ӦǾĹɣҫϹž񹦸ˣСеһƴڤʥͬʱĺݺһգǰɫ
ڰҫٿշ֮ʣԵúƽǰڤʥϸдʵʥĳƺŲǽźģһս˵֮ս
ڰҫֹסԼ֮Ƶʱֻ˫ָڿָۣ𣬾񽣰˽뷢ݺύâƥʯ˵ɫâֻգ֮Լ䵽ڤʥǰٶȵǿľˡ
԰ҫĹƣڤʥҲҫָâּҲԼľǾԴ񹦡ǵ
ǵڤʥϰټѧ֮ԳһҵĶѧѧʽмȡצơָУȻʽ࣬仯ÿһжнȻͬа
⹦аڤڤʥĦĴ֮һֵõָһ֮⣬һʵףϿռ֮ļӹ̣ʮһPҪʤһй֮޲һûŵĴڣ
ǵڹа֮аޱȣһǿҵʴԣֻҪ뾭֮Уĥ𺦣ǵ־Ų㣬Ų֮ϻа޾ġٻҟo
ؿǰǼ۶İ˵âڤʥ˫ʳָָһָѵһɼɭаҫľչҵĶƴûñ㽫˵âӲĵƣûܵһ˿һ˺
ǵָ
ֻǻûڤʥſģֻԶİҫ˫Ĵָһϣһҫ۵ĳââѸޱȣǰԵף֮涼һһ׿ۣɼ֮ǿĿ࣬գ֮䣬ڤʥѲҵĳ̡
񽣡˫ϲգ
˿ֲһڤʥЦһƺûаһһ£ֻ˫һһȻâס֮˳һȻâӲĳƫ˹ȥǹж֮ҫŲ֮ͬҫΪ֮һ
ǵogУ
Լľ˫ϲ޼᲻ƣ⻹ǵһα׾ٵᾢжǰڤʥʵѧҫиӾ
ڤʥҲҫӦĻᣬһ˲ҫͷ˫צżаľ磬Űҫ˺ȥצ׺ݣƿ籩һ㽫ҫ·һҪҫٷʬļơ
ǵצ
ڰҫȻԴУ˫Ƶâòˣ羪ξһֱϣƻǵױȣ·Ҫ춼ȥ
죡
ֺʱ䵶â죬צӰݺᣬ˴˽һ𣬳òˣȥҫƺڤʥ˸൱ʵΪϵĲ໹˳Ӱҫϲͣӵץ۾ܿԿʼ·硣
ڰҫв֮ʱڤʥһƬâƿնٶȿƿգ֮ڤʥѲңڤʥҲϽˣͻȻϮԵúǵ
ֻֻצΪƣһƺ˲䱬ҫ𿪣һȦǹٴγͣƬâһߣɵĻ͵ϮӰҲС
аŴʥ֮һڤʥͦģҲһŰɣ


ʮ ʥ֮ħģμа
Ѿͷ̣¾Ҫʬ֣ҫֺǺǵĿЦ
ȴǰĿ˲Ƶҫߣ̧ڰҫĺ϶ݺݵһ£û˵ҫ磬ôܲһ㰡
ҫԴί˵ĸ򰡣һĺԱУҪӮѰ
жѰľвôƳƳ죬ڵ
ҫ΢΢ü漴ڤʥһ۵˵һвϣ̫˷ˣ
һԵڤʥѾŭɶҫ˵ĴΣ൱Ļҫ˵ʲô̫˷ѣ𣬻͵ıһɺ˵ɱ⣬ɱˣôҫѾʬˡ
С˵ľһ˷ѣ˭ϲŲ˷Ѱڤʥҧźһһٵ˵ˣ֮еɱ쳣ˡ
Ͳˣ֮Ը㣬ҪҶþеġҫһʼ翪ڻصٶĺˣڤʥͲסһ˹ȥ
˫һսٴαһεľƣ֮ǰҪԺһЩΪҫǹ¾սǿڣǿڤʥҲеѹ
˵ڤʥ뻯ڵΪҪʰ뻯ڵĸֲ̫ѣϾǾΪǱĹΪҪڶ֮ϣӦʮþȵ¡
ϧڤʥǰҫǶ˵ʵ˾ΪľޣԵ񽭺һȽϣ˵ʵ֮ǿھǰ嶼ڻ¡
İҫľǿĿֲټ϶Ϭ޷죬ҫսԶһʱȻڤʥѽѷ֣е㷴ѹϵĸоʵ˹Ŀ࿴
ͷ˵ʵհҫӪжκӵһֲ߻ģҲνˣôκӵµĺ־ֻʥô
Ȼܣκӵͷԣǵˮ©Ҳ֪ҫѾȫͻƵ뻯ΪҸͨ뻯Ҫǿ࣬ҲҴ⣬ʥֱܹڤӰħġ
ӰаǵĸˣӦģڤħڵаǲģҲҶκӵΥϾ޼ѾԸˣκӵ൱ȨǲʥκӵҲǲҲӡ
ڤʥӰʥڸҫչս˵ʵڵģԵҫ˻治ǵĶ֣ԶٵĻӮҲܽǸסֵܴĻᡣ
ϧ첻Ը˶û뵽ﻹһħʥĴڣĳҲպס˳°ָСˣպ˶ûħʥֻ֣ҫҶġ˸Ԫ״̬µ֣Σǰҫʤ
ӮħôɢıƣǿҵѹȸУָҲûףϾԪϸսħʥʵӲɣʱĴʤŵֱħʥı𣬸ͬն
Сһϣǳսʹ㣬ʥʱ侭˷ѡħʥָ˹˹ָЦ
ָ˶һۣ°߳ȭͷڵãҼʶʶаʥûдô似
֮ҪսǿǻҪ°˵ָǿֻ˵սʽʺӲսһ󷨸֣һöĸ֣Ƕ˸ڸͣ°սʺս
һôˣɲҪӹߣǻᡣ
𣡡
ħʥû˵ͱһӲĴȥǰ°Ǹߴֱ֮ͣһֻ˵ǣҪ˺ķ飬°˳һȭ˶ȭͷ׺ľ磬ͺͷ­
ǚȭͻϮ
һȭħʥˣȭͷϴľеֱ۶ʹ̣βı˳ȥʱǰ֮ȭӡȭӡɵǽίʵգ֮䣬°Ժϰȭ֮࣬ѹħʥȥ
ǚȭΧˣ
°ȭ£ÿһȭľֹ쳣ͣħʥֻѹ͸Ϊаʥ֮һʵսľ飬Ȼǿޱȣֻ˫ƺñͭǽصܲ͸磬Ҳ·硣
һչս°L񹦻壬ȫͬڹһϢȻԴԴħʥԼΪ񣬻ع֮Ҳʧ
˫ôһһأһʱ䣬°Ҳòȭأڳ°֮ʣԵֱָϣħʥչ籩ĹƣΪľǲҪԳսķʽܡ
ֻǣصСħʥһѣħʥεǿȻ󷨽ֻԪϵķţӦս֮ʱԪǿܴﵽҫǡĹܣҲδ֪ĸ֪
ָոն֮ʣħʥһչƣֻ˫ͬʱǳӵĹΪֱӾͽ˸˻ȥ
ͬʱħʥһܳ°ʯһ˲䣬°Ÿոضѣۼħʥ׷ɱ°Ҳĺһȭ
ħʥҲ˳һƺɫħʥ֮ϣ֮ϻӴһĵ羢˫ȭӲһ촩һӣ°ȻħʥӲѹˣɼһƵľޱȣһʤĳ°޷
ħľ磡
Сͽ̰ʤ֪䣬úѧŵ㣡ħʥôѹų°˲ֹЦ°ҲҧȥӲͦ˫˵棬ڵ汻˫ŹγĿĵĻۡ
ʱħʥ˦ָˣڼⷬʱҲǲȻŭ˫Ĵָָ͵ʮϸĺɫָâֻ˫һչɫָâ·һ㣬˷ħʥ
춾ıĦӽָ
Χ˶ָâħʥһЦҲ㣬ѹų°ȥƺҪ°ֱӺһָ֣аٸнָмӿǿָâĹƣҪħʥ֮ǰΪ°Χ
ɾָâħʥ֮ʣͻȻģ֮ӰʧУ³°˵͵ͣħʥʧˣָâȴʧ¿ɺеָâȫų°ȥ
һ¿ǰŵðһᣬǿУ֮£͵һѪˣѪ֮ʱָҲͬһѪʧħʥ֪ʱָһƺ˳ȥֱʮ׿ǱסΡ
ħʥ֮ɨָһۣ漴Ц⼸Се㱾£ûб˲Уһ֮ж˵ˣǲҵĶ֣аҫսҡ
һ㶣ǻһЦȥǵѪգָָħʥָ°ЦˣǵλʥˣĸϳԱ񣬿Ǳ˵л˰ɣ
û˵ûħʥȷǱ˵лˣаˣ˵ħʥڶʥģǸСİҫò£Ƕа棬ڲ˶˵Щл
䳰ȷûħʥķζըˣֻݺݵĵһһɷĳ˹ȥ
ѽѽҲǵģ׹ѵһ˾ʹ֣ɲǴ֮Ӧеأס֣
ﲻ֪Ӻδǳͻأĳ˵Ķߣҫ˽üͷаһλʥֹסԼĹƣͬκӵٳɣ磬ֱʡ
֮һڷͷЦеĿˣʥκӵǰ֮Ĺͬ²μа£


ʮ аıսһ
û޼ˣλаƶˣλؼ˶Ļ컯֮ǿߣаǣĿֻΪһˣǾǰҫ
˵ʵڵģ֮ⷽУһ޼ʶľǰҫ֮죬е죬û뵽񽭺˰ҫôޱȵǡ
ʮ겻ʱﵽ뻯֮а׷ɱԽսԽǿӴ˲칬аͥԴӰҫ߽⾪Ķǵ¼Ҫﵽĵز
ҫͷǰ㣬ҫ۵ĺܣѾƷȽϣҲѹֳ޼࿴Ҫ¡
ҫأͨٻֵܻصԼߣ˼һ֮󣬰ҫһɫñø
ǰÿ˻ٶ˵ˣȻƲأȫܿԼһаŴʥϣûֵһ˿ˣһʧȻǶѾͻƵ뻯֮аŴʥȲɲС
ʱٿһˣ̾һͷ˵ֵǣʵҵ˽£ǣʵǡ
ʲôǣϴ㲻Ǳɵ˰ɣȺֵ˵ЩֻǲɣҶֱӿڴ˹ٵĻǸܻģǷԷθ
ҫǰĹٵļ΢Цϴֵܣ빲ֵܣûʲôǣǣģǵϴ󣬾һǵϴ¾ǵ£ԺǱ˵ɵˡ
ǣǣϴ󣬳㲻ֵˣҪһ𡣡ָƳƳ죬ڸ͵
ϴ󰡣ǵĻֽǰô˵̫ǵ˰ɣõ˵
黹ûһ̣ϴȾˣһ٣˹һ۵˵
ϴ󰡣ǼֵһʲôûôɣģվҲҪ㱧˹ŶŹЦ
ϴһˣô˵һľΣǾ͸ǲս˵ɥ°ƳƳ죬˸ڵ
ٿǰһһΧҲ֪ôۿе㷢ɬгһů΢΢ͷ̾Ϣһڵֵǣл~~~
ԽһЦֵ֮ģ˴֮ĸ飬ΪֵҲ޺
ҫ΢΢һЦ̧ͷϵĳ޼Ц߰ɣֵǣǻλĲа񣬳޼
ڰҫµһ̣΢΢֮֮ɫͬʱ𣬰˲Ŷ޼ǰʮ״һʱ˱ս⣬Ȼܸ޼Ȼ¶࿹⣬λʥΪ֮ݡ
ͻȻ޼΢ЦһĻ˸е⣬λʥԼκӵ˶֮ɫ֪޼«ﵽʲôҩ
޼ָָ֮ԶİҫˣתͷλʥԼκӵ˿ڵúѧѧҪаŽһģⷽǵ֮ˣڳŵľ档
һħġӰڤԼκӵˢˢĹȵ¸½ȡ
޼Ƴһۣ˰˵ɣһ֪򣬹ܽĻǾ͸ҹˡ
޼Ļ˺ëݺݵĴ˸ʵа̲Ϸа֮󣬱Ѹײڶ֮ݣȻİ˷֮أƫƫڹϣаڲȻһʷǰڧ
ⳡڲԭܿЦʵⳡڲѾãаڵԪһϵڵľʥһϵϣֻ˫ڳ޼ǿѹ֮£ûбֳҲ˭˭ֱ޼һֱչزⳡȫ汬
Ҳⳡҵںģа⼸ݱ֮ڣϷľƲܲʣ϶ħԼаڳų棬ĸ߲ȨƣĲֺ
ϧþ˫аڻûȡʲôĳɹ޼Ѿһƹض޼аΪڲһͳµļƻͣͲǰʱ׵ıŭȻһĻѪɺӵĻ棬ŭ֮µĳ޼չһѪȶ̵ֲĴ١
ⳡ٣аڲ쳣أһͳϷֱڲĻָ˵ԪҲǶԳ޼Ҫԭǳ޼ڵѪ٣ֱ˶¡
ؿǰų޼ѵ£ҫһЦа¶ǵۺܸѽ֪Ǹǻأ
޼عҫЦӯӯ˵ȻǻȻǲԸ˳ңôҶǵԽߣǾԽ˰ɣ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Цеа¼ȻǣôӦ޹زŶԣа£Ҫһˡ
˵ĺҲ֪Ҫ˭ܼĻǺԸԸġ޼΢Цص
˽аһԱҫڵ
ӵô޼һ䣬תκӵʵаڵĸֺ֮࣬аκӵ˽յģܶǲá
κӵ΢΢ü˵ͷĻصȷôһˣֻǡ
ˣ
޼һֲ˾ܾĿֱӴκӵĻҲһ񣬵̾һ˳һӣ½Ⱥһ͵ըѣ廨˵С
޼һüɫҰףԲѣһĻҲҫɫƣаŭǹ쳣׺ֱĶκӵš
ӵеˣôֶȥԸһŮӣȥᱻЦģ´β׼ˣ޼תͷκӵһۣĺǳҲǵͷǣҴ
ˣǿԴˣ޼ָָЦ
ҫɫһԵĹʹ˸ɫ߻ߣһϵʱаѹʵҲҪƣԭЩһʵĿռ֮񾳵ΪѲ
ϵֳ֮⵹Ҳûʲôˣ֮󣬵һۿǹ٣һ㶣漴üڵ㲻ӦģǸ壡
ٵ˵ͷڻص֮ǰͿǵˣһҪ㣡
Ϊʲôʵ
ûΪʲô˵Ҫҷָµģ㲻ܳ£˫Ŀע𣬿ڵ
ţ˵еһһǶȻҲûҪȵĴ㣬Ҫ˵лл٣лˣǳĬһᣬ֮ͷ˵˫ĿһִûйɫʣеҲϲãֻǹûпˡ
֮󣬰ҫҲǷ漴޼˱ȭڵа´壬մˣڣ
ȵȣ޼ס˰ҫ
а»ʲôôҫ΢΢һЦʵͬʱа룺֪ûôģҴҡڵ뿪Ϳ㵽ˣʲô
ֳôƨˣеô޼Ц
аأҫ֪ʣעų޼ߵļҲڰתǲɵ֪ľƣʱпܴ֡
ľ񹦺ѾҵˮƽȤʶһ£УԽߣ㲻С޼΢Ц˵˫ĿתȻ뽫ҫǿ
£СûʸԳ֣¾ܰʰˣһԵħʥڵҫм϶ӧ
޼Ʋħʥһۣ˵ʰҪʰ֮ǰѾʰˣӶĲô£˭ɲִ£ô
а˹Ļص
֮󣬳޼ֿҫ΢Цôڿʼɣ޹ʿ˳ˣ
һ䣬ֻ޼ִ̧˸ָһ˲䣬ֳ˰ҫ⣬ȫʧ١


ʮ ҪڵĬϣ
ۼ޼赭дһָԼʧӰ٣ҫ˵Ҳֲ죬ǶҲȲû¶ʲôȵı顣
а£ҵֵأҫݺݵĶų޼ţʵ
޼ȻһЦڵǴͻȥ£İɣ⣬ǲ䱾Զ֣պ˴ֵġ
ǸҶ˵أҪλ߸ϵаԳֶԸҶˣȥƺ̫ŶЦпų޼ڵ
޼һü⣬һ΢Цͷ˵һݵŮޣ˵ĺеӱΪ˵ұӦԴСģǣܺһ飬Էǳֲɵġ
ʲô?ҫͬʱüͬʵ
޼ЦݸˣڻصҺܺ棬ÿθаֽսܽһԽսԽǿǱ֮ǾͲ˵ˣҪĻԭôԱ֪ǻ᲻ȥǰأ
Ǿ;Ҫʼˣ
ҫһһ̧һݺǳ浶âƼѸͣǳޱȣɾڵâ䵽޼ǰʮ״صһɢ·֮һǽڳ޼ǰΪȥ˰ҫͻȻϮ
ǰľ沢ûҫ̫ȣ޼Լһסаͱʣˣаǲаǽ޵еΪһ˿һˮ֡
ڳ浶âɢһ˲䣬ҫһۣ˫ӱ˴˵п˶ԷķͨЩʱ򲢲Ҫܿ˴Щʲô
ͺñڣҲҫͻͬʱж˫һƬâֱ޼ȥҫ˫಻һѹ޼
֮ǽĬֻǸոһˣҲ֤ǿʱ侲ֵȻ̬˵жǿһжҪȴ֪ӣɴԾˡ
۳޼Ҳ˵ĹƣҲкξٶôٿһպʮ׵ľҫĹһαǿϸİɣҫƾҲɢͬʱǿĿռ䲨һһǳȥ
һͬʱһһöϸİУҲƣ˦־ͽеİ˿ܿʲôߣǳ޼ȴһ૵Ȥַأ
ö֮ٶȿͲ˵ˣҪǹ켣׽·ҶɻһƮͣɫ⣬Ŀһöûбǿϸ֮Ȼ˳޼ǰ
绨ѩ¡ľ°䣡
һ߰ҫҲͬжֻתת漴¶һָĪЦݣ֮βָ֮ʳָ̽ڻδʧβͬʱһע䲻ʧ
ҫ˫ֿ缲磬һâٳ塢̡塢˫ϲ񽣾Ž뷢âβһߣŽӳ֮£񲻿ɵ缲籼ףȻֱӳ谭ֱ䵽˳޼ǰ似ķַ޼ǰһаĴ硣
񽣡Žϻ
ҫĹַ޿ޣ޼жԶ˸˼ߵۣȻ˵ĹȻǿԵĿɲѰ֣ǳ޼ⷽؽǿ֮һĹ˵ҲֻעѣҪ˵ǲܵ¡
ֻ޼˫һ֣סİ΢΢飬һ˦ҫľɢǸ赭дģֻƵģɵĻ˶˵ǿС
ǿҪıս
ҫͬʱһҫ޼ǰ̧־һֱĳ޼ͷ­ݺ£һƼ죬â쳣ңλǿߣҫ޾ηǾ֮⡣
ʱҫͻȻϮƿ죬ڳ޼һӾͽжһߣͬʱ˦ֺһƣаҫš
ǧһ֮ʣҫŲƵַӳԼ⣬Կռ֮Ϊƶɹж߳޼߳ɵ
ǳ޼һƿûб濴ȥô򵥣һƵľһɽ壬±ж߳ɵľʣɽҫѪˡ
ֻڰҫ˵һ˲䣬Ǹ߸߹¶һָĪЦݣͬʱ˫˫͵ı˵ľ⣬һ˫·һ㣬ŰɫĻ
ʱ򣬰ҫһɼҫ۵İ׹⣬ɰ׹ļͻأ쳣ǿң·Ҫ˵Ϲһ㣬޼λʥԼκӵ˶ʶ̧ȥΨ޼ҫ˫Ŀûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ľ둹
ڰ׹һ˲䣬öɫξƬӰҫƵǰͷ޼ڶЩƬ¡
ڳ޼̯ƺĿ⼸öƬ֮ʱһ̶ı𣬼Ҫ˵ĶĤ𱬣ʮöͭɫ״ٴδӰҫ󾭹޼
޼Ҫֽ£û뵽ǣʮö״βͻȻһϸСĻ⣬ٴ𣬶ұ֮ǰҪЩͭɫ״ٶ˲һ࣬ͻļ٣޼ûϵת˲еĶ״Ѿ޼ѨһߵķΧ
ľף
аǳֱʣǰҫأѾԴ͵ֵһ˲޼һһ
ֻҫ˫ֺǰ˫ĵĿռһСɵĻ򣬴˫һչ͵ֱһ׿⣬𾢳ְɫǾµ𾢡
ѾһˣȥǴ˵еʮʥ־ֻһ֮Ծƶµ𾢣ӵо춯֮ҫ˳֮󣬵˳һƣΪһֱĺ޼
һ
ҫ֮󣬳޼΢΢üǰ鹥һǰһͬʱѸƥٶȿզ࣬գ֮Խߣɴ˿ɼҫ֮Ͽ
Ȼһ죬ֲİɫϯܣ޼ͬʱ׿⣬꼰㣬ڻ֮лһĴȥ
ʱԭϯķĻͻȻֹסˣһӿʼĵ㼱·һָֻӲģһĹǺ˵İɫЩ״ͭɫһԲ򣬱޼С
һĻҫɫһ䣬ˣ˵Ͼ޷죬еʱյļ侫ɾϹȴԷһͷû˵λаǿ󰡡
ĲʽһĶ䣬ڹΪ񾫴ڻⶼˣϹǡôǳǿ֮ģԽԽˣոǲһǵĵôҲأ޼ŰҫϿ޲ͣȻһЦݣǹɱȴ쳣ӿȡ
һ䣬޼ݺеĻԲ򣬰ҫۼڴˣοʼٺˣû˳Զֻ޼̧ʳָ֮һ䣬Զҫ·ʲôһ㣬ֱ׹䵽棬ѹһӡ
⻹û꣬޼Ǹ߸Ķ׼еİҫ͵һ𣬺̩ɽѹһѹ£ҫӲºȥת˲䣬ףҫӰˡ
޼ѹ°ҫһ˲䣬ŭɫ˫͵ʮöװڰֵһ˲䣬ǰĻг޼Ӱ˲ֵǰĿסʺսƺҪ
޼һסһѹסҫͣĳŵѹȥ޼ǿľѣͬʱҲ¶ͬʱûҪˣٲƴҪûˣȫɣ


ʮ ȫʵһ˲ʮ
ʱҫѱ޼ȫѹƣҪ˵ʵϵĲ࣬˵ʵ޼ȼֱԨ֮𣬶޼ҲǶɱġ
˻˵ҫǷɱɵģ뻯ʵȻ˵컯֮ǿߣպԼҪǲˣ˻ָǿʲô̶أаǧҵҪϡ
вҪ֮ʣ񽻸κģϾҫް֮ͨĸ֣Ҳδаٷ֮ٵİսɱԼԶȻһʧ
ֻǣǻᷢڰҫϣڳ޼ɱֵ֮ʱ˵ķ޼۾ԭ֮ǰǶ˻ûþȫ֪һ֮ʣȫ汬
˵ֻ˫ĿһƬ֮ɫͻȻһɼ产˵ļ́ס޼ֻסԼʺ󣬿ֲĺȻ޼ֱ۸һʵĺ˪ֱ˲ٶҲһ˳޼Ŀʮ׵ľ롣
ʱһּĿĸо͸һ࣬˫Ŀͬͫ׶֮ɫƤɢŵɫâͷϳһɫͼƣѹǿԭ֮ڿԳһݻӰ̬ĳ޼˶סˡ
o˪ӡ
o˪幦Ӽ
ɴԪ巨
һؾ޼ԵеȻһԵκӵͫ΢΢һƺʲôߣ֮ǰҫŪߵϹʮ֮һɴѽ
޼֮ԭ޼һֱŵѹȥİҫҲ͵ıһɼ产˵ĶֲֿĻ𾢣γһֱϣҹڻ֮ŰҫӰ
ɢ֮󣬰ҫòưʥԼκӵ˸һʥʱܸоҫƱǻҪǿһκӵɵ㴭ڰҫѹ̫ǿϢĸо
ʱİҫһɫ𾢲ƣ˫һƬɺڣƤһֵĳ֮ɫһѪֳӯĸоͷ֮ϵĳɫͼ쳣ۣһּĸо˵ѹ֮ǰʱҪǿʮֹ״̬µİҫսѾֱ뻯ڵˮ׼
ѪԪ󷨵ƪѪӡͼ
򷨟oƪƪ
Ԫһͨ񹦶幦
ʱҫһһ̬ԵĿޱȣѾܱȫʵˣʱҲõģ֪֮ҪһʱսĻֻδ˵˼
ԭǵȫʵãǳãʵѹҲ㲻ףòϣ͵ʱԶԶˣʲôʹɣҪǰܵķڷ޼ȻһЦڵ
ǺǣѾѽа£ȻһЦ֮ʣǰһƬâ籩һк˾ûж֡
Ƭâٶȿ󣬹켣һĻȣ׽Ǵ̶ƷһƬâּֿ죬գ֮䣬޼ǰ
޼һü⣬Ųæ̧һǰеâʧӰ٣ʱ޼΢΢üûзְĴڡ
Ҫ֪ǰôȻǽƷǸոһİʱûнĳ֣ǳ׵ʧˣмû£ɻ
֮ǰǳֿӰûͷŰĶվԭһƾɵһ㡣
ɲΪǰƾ۳İȴԽԽ࣬ԽԽ·ŭһֹѸƥԳ޼չĳˢƺҪһ㣬Ƽ产ˡ
޼ôվԭأ°ƺʵ˼ʲôǰ֮һε͸ϳ֣ǰЩȫ֮⣬˿
ͻȻ޼ǰһƺͨʲôЦе˵ˣԭΰŮ޻ǲǹˣİ취뵽
˵޼ֶ̧׼ǰ΢΢һǰеİȫڰգǿΰ®ɽĿԭνΰһööı飬ѹֳ޼֮ʧӰ٣ԭڻˡ
мǺֶΣ޼һЦ
Զ΢΢ü漴Цһڵа£㷸һŶ㲻ӦסҵİģᱬըŶ
һ䣬޼΢΢һ㶣гһ˿̫ĸоִֻ̧˸ָ֮ıһöһöıƣһöıըʵ޵ĺܡ
ǧı鱬ըɵЧӦ൱ľˣӳ޼ǰ͸֮ϣϳֵƾܿɱըʵǿĿֲ
ҫ磬ڣǰıըҲҫһۣ˵
ҫһ˵ͷ漴һһŰƴСİɫųģһţһչ߶֮˫һϣһһСĻʼ໥ںϣӰҫıԿһںɻ𾢿ûйȥôˡ
ʱҫԺͻȻˣǿʯ¼Ļǿʯ¼˾ʮʥĵãһ仰ôдġ
Ҫ׵Ľ뵽ʮʥ֮ͱҪһʮʥȻʮʥʧһ˲䣬ֱɢޣӵһʼصľ޻ȻѰһ֮Ĺ񹦽л˫ޣƽʮʥǷܳܵĻ𾢣֮Żֱʮ֮
мǣɢʱǹûм֮ʮ𾢽Ὣ˹ߣճɻҷɡ
ˣɢɢɣ˽޻֮Ƚа£ҫݺݵҧҧа롣
漴˫һϣеĻѹ֮󣬻𾢷ɢ͸⽫һɿ⣬ڰҫǰһŰưСĻһĿĻ
Ȼ𾢣֮ʥеƤһʹѾռ֮֮⣬ȻֲӦôڵĴʹУҲ˵ҫĴʱĻ𾢣ռ֮ûֵ
ʱ޼һӽǰıըȫɨ𣬵ҫʱüͷ΢΢һ壬ϵ૵ʮʥĸоѽ
޼ʱҫҲͬעų޼ֻ˫½ǰĻһӣҫǰĻݺݺ˻ΪһôеĻֱĺ޼
ҫĹƷǳֱӣ޹켣ԣȥƱֱȴƫƫ޷ܵĸоֱȥǣת˲֮䣬Ѻݺݵĺڳ޼֮ϡ
ϯﵽԲǧ׵ľ룬֮ң·Ҫһ㣬һֻصƣаʥǧ֮ϵĸ߿֮УκӵҲǽоյĶ㿪˻ϯ
ϧһģûֻһѻҷ𣬰ҫⱬĻʵǿֲ˼㣬ѾǾĻ𾢣һ˲ǰĻʮʥġ
ڻ˷ϯ֮ʱͻȻǰǾǧյĻ˲ֻգ֮ѣʧ˸ɸɾ·ûгֹһ㣬ǰǣ޼һƽҫɣ֮ӡҫˣѪֹס
ǲԶһĻҧոֱ̧۵һ̣޼ȴѸײڶֵ֮ǰ漴̧һüģȻô˹ȥ
ҫͬʱŵ׹䣬޼ĿŶˣҲ˵һ䣬̧һƺ£޴ӡ֣Ҫʵˣ˱ɡ
ǧһ֮ʣҫüĴһââǷɵ·͵һɨ򿪿ռͨҫô˿ռ֮ͨУռͨϲ֮󣬽âֱ˳޼ǰΪһӰ
޼ԽԽˣ浱β㲻ɡ


ʮ ҫϹøһ
Сӣ㻹°ôģҲھͿԷǰɣ
ɽâûɵӰǡɡƷɣʱȻֻһӰǷױȵѹа˶е㴭޼һ֮ɫòϣٴμƷʱеǹľҡ
ǰӦᷢʲôɥ֮Ȯһξ͹ˣҲڶΣ޼һն˵
Ʒ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬵˵򣬾Ҫдƹʵοɥ֮ȮҲǻţѵⷽصһô
ΪʲôزΪۻƾʲôеһжҪ˵㣬ƾʲôǾͿԸ߸ɣǾҪϥӵеһ˫ַϣƾʲôҳ޼ȻǲǷһƽȵλϣôɴһɢʯٺˣ޼ҧгݵ˵ϵѾʼе͹ԣȻڱŭ֮С
֪ɽҵ͸ɱ㣡СӣΪԼͳһⷽأȻӲǾͻвˣֻ֪һ֪СӣҪôˣҪЭͱҪԵʵôƷɵ˵ôƽ
޼һЦûУǰаǰﵽҸ׶˵ľ磬ѾͬˣѵǰΪʲôô
ˣ
ƷŭһֶֻѣɵȻĵƤһ㣬ɨ֮£ʥκӵ˺ݺݵɨɳ׿⣬Ψ޼һɱֱվǰ
ҪΪķ񸶳ۣزٵĳͷƷ˵ͬʱֶ̧ų޼һ㣬͵ķһ̶
޼ʱаһ⣬ͻȻ˷͵ɫââһɣ޼ûӦ˵ĺɫâഩ壬һķ޼档
oָؾ܃ν
ʱ޼Žâ䲻ֹɲκɫâɵʼûгһ˿һˣɳƵβƣ᲻ɴݡ
ڳ޼ֹĺһֹ֮ͣԼľٶһԹƷɣݺݵ˵Ӧ֪Ҷá
֪Ҳûãֻ㷴ʡһ¶ѣϣΪ֮Ʒɵ˵
˵֮ɢΣǰԼһд潣ûڿռ֮УȻܳʱĴڡ
޼ҧгݵĿƷɢƷɣһʱһʱҾη㣬ڵ㲻ֵҵľηҵҵ·ɱҲ

磬ҫΣ͵ǵֱ˵ɣѾ̾ˣ۰ҫΣǶܽܵġͷ૵˵ѾˣǰҫǵâĿռֱͨӴͻ˰˲칬
ǻһһҹѹ֮󣬷ֹҲڣԭ޼ûа˵һ£ֱӰ˴˻Ҳûܵʲô̫˺
ڰҫʱȴڻԵУڲ鿴֮Ҳ̾Ϣ죬ȴû˵һ仰˶̲סҪʸס
Ԫɢˣˣ˾ųɣʦܵǿסˣֻһĹסˡ̾һ˵
һ䣬˵һ˼ǳ򵥣Ǿǰҫһһβ棬ҫϹˡ
˳ĬֳԵúܰڰǰǣҫ֮󣬸ôпʵһ˱һɱҪܡ
ڰûãϵİҫ˫ۣ֧ǰ˵Ц
еľʧɾʧɫ԰ѪǷϹװҫ֮æǰҫڴߡ
˵ǵĿŰҫһ㿴ҿ㣬һֹģ֮ÿ˵ɫ̫ÿ˪ӣˡ
һüģǷʲôô˵ҫѲˣ΢΢һЦʵ
һ˫ֽסҫĴ֣ҧ˵ҫ磬ϣ׼㱻޼һ
ŶҫƲƲ죬ν˵
Ŷĵܣ㱻Ϲˣһľ񹦣ԪˣֻһŶҶȻĿڵΧ˰ҲôһԾı顣
ҫ΢Цҡͷ˰֣ڻصȻǾҸǱǺޣһ겻ǷϵôˣѵǰǸȨƵİҫ˲칬İҫ䲻ˣǱһˣҲûʲô˵ġ
ҫ˵֮˻ӣǻһЦҡҡͷ֮ǰǺ°ҫһأİѵˣӴһ겻񣬰ҫΪ˲칬ľ֧Ҫǵˣ˲칬ҲڶʱˣôôԿа
ŰҫĻ˷ԼĵĶˣҫǸҫ䣬ǿϢѰߵ֪ԼϹʮоŸǷϵᣬԼδɳġ
ʵһҪлл޼ǼĳȫңҫٺһЦ˵
Ļǰ˶ˣвԼͬ뵽ҫǱɵ˰ɣԼϣҪлл˼ңʲô£
ǰͶɻĿ⣬ҫЦݸˣʵʦ֣ǵҵǿʯô
ǿ¼˾ʮʥ֮ʯȻǵáԭˣʦܣؿø˵û޼ǳȫ㣬Ӧúúõллǡһ㶣漴ЦһŰҫļһЦ
˸ˣǶ˵ĶԻλز񣬵ҫǰµһ֮˽ǴϲǴ˵еʮʥҪɢޣгôڰҫϹҲøѽ
̫ˣȻˣǾȫѰ֮ĹɣֻҪҫʮɣа಻ΪǡЦ绨˵
ҫҲЦӯӯĿڵֳɵľѽ
Уǰ˲칬ĹѧҲв٣ǲûм֮ĹѽҶͷʵ˲칬Ĳƹܣжѧ伮Ȼ
ⲿǰ˲칬ûУΪҵľѽҫָָԼԴ΢Цص
澭ͬĽ
պ󣬲µ֮ϣɽڲԲʯ̨֮ϣ˾ͽ졢ĽĽȻġСԼԪΧʥϥĶ׼ʥԭʥԭõ忪ʼϵʵ
һʱ֮ջƣһʥǱ˫ۻɢŻɵĹĻԵ쳣
һʱԼҹֹԭǰˣС˸΢Ц˵
Ҳû취飬ôҲӦΪһЩ˵ԭ㹻ָˡĵĻص
๫˵СҲأС˵ͷԶЦ˵
СһۣƳƳ죬ֹôãҪ߶߶ⷽأ仯Ǵ󰡣޼СӣȻôݣҪһͳô
ҰģƷӦҹˣӦûһĽѵɣĽǸ߸Ц
ߵĽȻ˰֣ڻصô࣬Ʒɴô˵ģǻȴͨѶĿһûˣ϶кܶأ
Խ΢ЦͷһһöͨѶ֣ʼ鿴ѶϢûֻĽݷķһϲȻһŭϲǰҫˣŭǳ޼˰ҫĹ
޼̫ôǰɣǾʹʹ죡˵


ʮ մ飡ศɣ
ҫ磬㱻ϹϢŶҹ֮ͤУҫߣԴ˵
ôЩ˶ô˵ҵģҫ΢΢һЦ֣ʵ
ߵҫº󣬿ڵģĶУҪô˵ţ»еǣҪô˵㲻ʯͷʳֳ֮ΪĽŶ
ҫ΢΢ͷЦȺ˲ȥǣɲʲô򣬵Ͻĵгʲôô
ʼ磬ڻصȻϾô˫۾㣬ȻиһЩСԭȿƵʡ֮ػãڽܹĵķչУĴǳ࣬˵Ҫаս㱨أ
ںշʡ֮ؾͱȽˣܶжʼƣǵĹϽһЩĸϢǴǱߴģϴܣߵȥѹأ
ҫ˵ͷڵ֮еģҲδؾҪȥѹϴ˵һ䣬ǲȥˣ˭Ҫ룬˭Ҫȥˣǲ̺ԭеʡ֮ؾͿˡ
ü˼˵ҫ˼Ƕ²裬ص㷢չʡ֮أʹǵӾô
ҫִ̧˸ָ΢Цûʵ⼸һֱǰ˲칬ڽӦôһʲôĵλԼãҵ뷨ǣҪ˲칬һʥһĴڣ벻ǣΪģΪزٵĴڡ
˵Ļ¶˵ʥּǰ˲칬ʥһĴڣԣûҪһͳ£ʡ֮㹻ˣ
ŰҫĻҲϲЦտ˵ͷڵҫüƲߣôȥչȥչˣǾͱųȻĵλͺǰĴڣȺۣ޸Ҳӡ
ҫ΢Цͷڵû˼˵ѣһЩļƻҪϸһ²У֮һһӡİƻ׵ʵȥ
Цеĵ˵ͷ漴ǵ˵ǰҫĹ
ҫԴ΢ЦİɣҾػ֮ǰ״̬һڣұܴﵽǴ˵еʮʥ֮
¶֮ɫҫŵЦݣ˵󻰣ôţԴֳɵʵҫ磬ôаգ
ʲôʱҴţôҫĹһǷ۵գЦӯӯ˵
ҫΪʲôôţΪԼԪûб޼ݻ٣ֻǽһһ״ֻ̬Ҫܻص֮ôԪ¼пܱȹȥǿ
ҫڶʱ򣬾Ѿ˾澭ȫӵһ һֱԪַӡ˰ҫԺ֮УֻǵʱҫѾ˰ĳ̶ȣѾеˡ
ӲҪǿʱɽȻͬǵںϲˣʧ⣬֮໥ų⣬ˮݣ˳֮£徭ϣҪͬʱǱҪӻʼĽںϣɵĵز
ҫ޼ϹҲպó⣬Ҫ֪Ϲ澭ܹģȻܹҫɲʲô澭ǱȻҪ޵ġ
ʮʥ֮ҫ͸õˣҪﵽʮʥ֮Ѿ߱Ǽ֮ĹȻǷǾ澭ĪϾ˫ศɣߴ֮ʣҫĹȻﵽһַǳֲĳ̶ȡ
ҪǾ澭ļ֮ƽʮʥǿֲ𾢵Ĳ֮ѡ֮ʮʥȻɣʱʮʥɲֻһ֮ô򵥣ȫԵѰãǰҫŵԴԼﵽʮʥһ̣Գ޼Ҳδûһս֮
ҷǳ˵ǣҫľΪڣûܵһ˿һˣ綼ԼֻҪˣƵģҪþΪҲϼѣԣҫľΪѾ뻯ڵˮƽ
һ𣬿޾ǿգһֻ˵Ķ磬еͣͻȻҫƺʲô򻳱еڵˣյ˵ĸĻţ˵ڰʥǰһº̸ǵĻڣһӣ
ǵĻ£˾˲ѾôºѽԴߺ֮ɫ
Ƕ˵ģֻǵϵϵĸϵˣֲˣҪҪ¸û꣬Ҳû취ѽҫͷһε˵
ͷ۰ҫĶͷ̾һ漴һۣһЦ˳Ȼôһ𣬹ҹеķǣô˵ЦĶȹһҹ
ڽʱҫһ˼Ŀʼ޻عտʼʱ澭޷ںϣҲյĲУ֮ͻȻһӦܹкܴİǾǳ°
Ҫ֪°L񹦿ӵнȻͬ°ܴﵽһһԵںʹãȻǴʲôȽַ
°Ҳ֪޲ԣ߰ҫʵνһǰֲͬںϣǽ΢أﵽศɣ໥̼Ӷǿ
°Ļҫéٿ˵ԼȫûҪ澭ںϣֻҪ澭һָߣ̼񹦵Ļ𾢣ǿ
ٸ˵һֻһˮȥǵ˻ƣôԽԽңҫԼʽ˵ĵãǾԾΪΪںȴศɡ
ͨһ֮󣬰ҫ㿪ʼ˳ЧҲҫ쳣ϲŶ̶һܵʱ䣬ҫľ޻صĹ澭Ҳ˵ Ĺ
ھĴ̼£Ļ𾢣𵱳ԼﵽʱǿʮֹĵѾϵϵԼʱˮ׼ʵ˴ϲ
֤Լ뷨ԵȷģҫҲʼȫĵһжܲʣ˹ǰĵĺܡ
˵񽭺ж԰˲칬з⣬д˵˲칬ֻǿиɶѣԭǰҫϹϢ˳ɶ԰˲칬ʧȥģӶ°˲칬𽥱а˸ǹ
ԭ˲칬ƹܵʮʡܰ˲칬ĹϽм۷ɣǶ԰˲칬ƵƵƣһҪ˲칬һ̵ļƣȻͱˡ
Щʱ˲칬չֶνΰ˲칬˺֣ƵĲûз·Ĵ㣬һɱ⣬۷Ǳ°ٵѪɺӡ
һܹȥѾû˸˲칬ˣ֮ǰЩƵ˲ǽѾ𾡣˲칬ʡҲǲܲʣûչѪֶνѹǷųٹʡκ£аҲ
ϢԺʡһͬʱҲ԰˲칬ǱڵĿ֮Եе֮ԱǣΪֻǰ˲칬Լҵӻѣⲻ֪õĽǴͷ˲칬Ҳǲܲʡ
һµʱܿ͹ȥˣҫ֮߳˸չһ½ǣϴŶ˷ܵЦݣˬ˵̹
֮ǰһ̣ҫľػصھ澭ͻƵ˵ ˮƽ֮Ŀ࣬ڰҫʱʵѾԸһǰھʱԼƽˣǾ𾢣ˡ
ڰҫһչ֮һֵ֮ϣǰŮڰҫУͫ͵һ㣬ˣԼպñչһѽ
ӣѽ~~~~~~~~~~~


ڰʮ ǿıչأ
ףе㴭ˣܲһ㰡ǰԼûԼľɫˣǰҫСǴˮͰ񾭣µȻġ
ӣ㻹ȷſҫɣҫĴˣԶİһյĿڵ
СԸæ֣˲ϵ飬ŰҫһͿ涵˵ҵҫܿˣˣ
СȪӿƣҫæ˰֣ڵûµףҺõúܣ㿴ûȱ첲ûȣⲻͦõô
ڰҫһȰ˵֮£Сȶ֮ȻһѣûͶҲ֮ڣ֮ǰڰҫϵ飬һأֻλ򻻳ĽȻ
һ֮󣬰Ŀҫʵҫ˵޼ˣ˵˵ɣ
ҫ̾˿ЦôȫĶ֣󱬷ʮʥҲû˵һͷһǲҰܰ
һ䣬ҫԼݱ¼µĽһ飬ķĽݷ֮󣬽겻ѣΪ޼ǿֲʵеȣ԰ĵ˵ľ޼Ѿﵽ컯֮Ҳǿߵĳ̶ȡ
ⷽػжٸǿߣǧǰһЩȻҲǷëǰĴڣҲδ޼ѰǵһֶֻĹ޷ҲһƷɣһĪƣһǳ޼
⵱ƷǿľΪƺѾٻ컯֮ˣ嵽ʲôľҲû˵˾緶룬Ѳ֮ˣΪ֮񣬶ǧ֮ǰƷɵĽܹˡ
Ʒ֮ĪƣܸⷽƷɶǧҲֻˣľǻ컯֮۷壬ȻھΪƷɣĪȴӵƾµѧڱ죬ⲿܰ빦ѧƷɶӡ
֮ʵȻǳ޼ˣʵ޼ͻƵ컯֮Ѿܾˣȴʼղô⻹֮ļˡ
־ߵĳ޼ȻԼʵͣͲǰҪ辶һǶԼʵǾǼϹʮһʱʵȻƷ֮¡
ʱճ޼ѾѧϹʮ֪ʮֻؾϹѾʵƷ֮£صһϹҲû˼ʩչԵüΪء
˱ⷽؽǿˣǣڳ޼ı֮£ƷĪƱڿռ֮Уǳ޼һҶ
ⲻ֪ƷаţһۣԼһƽڰҫ֮УҫԼûзֱһ֮ʲű޼
Թ֪İĵˣҲûж˵ʲôĿҫ΢΢üڵҫ㱻Ϲˣ
ҫͷڵһ˰ɣ
üͷĸˣߵҫǰڵΪ鿴һľڶʱڻָ
ҫ΢΢һЦڻص״˲õģҵĹѾˣ
΢΢ҡͷΪҫǹԼģǶ˵ִ̧ڰҫļϣҫڡ
ľ̽鵽ҫĵֻǣһɼ͵ľȻӲĸ˻ȥ⧲֮£һľ֮ɫ
ҫ㲻˾˾ôס֮һʵ
ҫ˵ͷڵûҪʮʥ֮Ҫ澭ĸԣҶˣ
һԵСһǵĿҫʵһһͻôʲô°ɣ
ףҺõĺܣڹԶʤǰʵȵ֮һҪǿʮֹأҲõĽҲȻܴﵽʮʥ֮ηϹаһأҫؿС΢Ц˵
Ǿٺòˣҫúȡմﵽʮʥ֮齻ȥɣסҪⷽ۷֮ϣͱҪоԵʵĲЦһǰİҫļ򣬿ڵ
ҫ˵ͷЦĻص״˵Ľ̻壡
ĵ˵ͷ˵ʵڵģҫԽԽϲһͣ츳ĺöӣȥԼҲӣж԰ҫȻϲмӡ
ô˵˵°ɣ׼ҹ׼ĸתͷĽݷ򸾣΢Ц
Ľݷ򸾶˵ͷ΢Цһʱ˫ĸչ˼ҵۣ޷ҲǼױԼ⡣
⵼°ķĽݷ򸾲û֣˫ִ˭ЭһԵİҫֻܿЦͣεĺܣʱĿˮս֮˫˳ƴ˹ʶ
ڶڰ󣬼ױ˫ûԼȫҵóڰҫȰ˵²Ŵ˹ƣ˫ó㹻˲칬ʡ֮ʮʳױ
Ȼħ׼ѩѱаıѹ֮£ǰձƴﶤԴ˫ĸĸ˵ֱǾţһë˫ͬ࣬Ҳǳˡ
Ȼһڰ͵͵ϾȢϱŮⷽĸ˫˶ԷֽϾʽɿ˰ҫˣû뵽Լĸĸôһ档
ҹ֮󣬰ҫ˸ĸ˾һսƵģһƣģҫ֮ǰ˫ҳʱ˵Ļ˵һ
Ǹʦ֣ҵĻֵǿŰžͿˣһǳҪ飬Ҫȴҫ̫Ѩһڻص
˵ͷڵʲô¾ֱ˵ɣ
ʦ֣㿴ĶôҫСȡһƤݸӹ֮󣬴ϸĲ鿴ַЩַһʽУһַǳĸо
һ֮̾һʵʦܣǴŪͼģ
ǵҵɴķھʱӸҵĶֱĵķʽӡҵ֮У˵ҵľйأҿĺ壬ʦ֣ʶ㣬ܿôҫڵ
΢΢ҡͷڵⲻͨģϵķʽǳأҴûмҵĵʽǳϣѾʧˣҲֻܿöֶѣַأƽǳ鷳
ҫԵ˵ͷ˵ⷽרңʦ֣ʱʲôҪɣרƽͼܾһܣҷǳá
һ䣬˵ͷҲû˵ʲôȥ뿪֮󣬰ҫ΢ЦѾͷҪʼչؿʱչһΣҪ޻صĳ̶ȣȻǴ֮յǰһһûƹصĻҰɣ
΢Цͷڵҫ磬ıչذɣҸֵǣ㾡ܷıǣ
ҫ¶һЦݣԴЦѾͷˣ
ƳƳ죬Թ˵Ȼ֪ˣԺһҪŶ
İɣôԣҵ㲹ҫͻȻһգЦ
һ죬ݺݵĲ˰ҫһţת˲ʧڰҫǰ֮дĻҫ磬ˣ㽫ҪչصķϣȲͷˣպһʰߣ
ˣһôСҫ˷ֹۣţ漴һһӳھ̨֮ϡ
ôʼɣ޻ؾĶжǿأڴҫ߶һ䣬ϥ¹֮£Ӱļʱʼת澭


ڰʮһ ݴͣҫļʵ
ʱж죬Щʱ꣬ЩʱȴӦæµʱʱֻڲ䣬ԴҴҶ
ڰҫչ֮ĵ£˾̨ŲԶٲĶѨҫչǰ˵ڻ֮ǰһ»ûгأôҪڣʱ䵽ˡ
ҫ磬һ㶯ûУʲô°ɣ
ûµģѾͷҷǳãӦ˵ûôùĻĶѨд漴ҫӶѨ֮߳һſȴʮ׵ľ룬ֱǰ
ŰҫЦеı飬ԴϸŰҫڵҫ磬о˶ͬˣĹ޻ô
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵǰ޻ˣֻûгأǷһ˼飡
ʲô飿ʵ
񹦲Ӧû׵Ϲڣû´ĻӦþͲǸͼСҫ΢Ц˵
˵ͷ֮ҡҡͷϸĶŰҫͿ˼ۣڵҲ˵˵ҫҵĸо֮ǰȣе仯仯˵֮ǣ˸ӿ͸ˣ
ҫЦݸˣڵ֪˵ʲôǾΪԭɣô˵أ֮żܵԭ
ʲô˵ܵԭĵܣľ綼ôҲŸе뻯ڶѣѾ۷
ҶǳɤİҫĤһֱ죬֮ǰǸ߷ֱļɤҪ˺ܶ౶ҫѾоĤʹˡ
磬С䶼챻ˡҫͶüŪ۵˵.
ʱһãڵ֪ҫ֮Ҷ˼֮ڣʼ£ϾڰҫչصʱѾ˷츲صı仯кܶ»ҪȰҫ⡣
ôĸʵԽǿΪԽߣպа˵͸аѽ̯̯֣ڵ
ô˵һĵͻƵ̫죬˸ô죬ѭ򽥽ȴĺãһ˸´дˣڵĵܰҶİһۣеƲֵ˵
ʲôĵܣҿǳԲ˵ŶԣôģﲻƽⰡָаҶһۣ⼷ҵ
ûĺָһۣдʣҲֹ֪ʲô֮һô㲻ĸоҫЦˣԼչ£ЩֵҲûţһھΪ϶˳Ľ
ķֱ٣ǶѾ뻯ڵľΪ༸˶ȶ뻯ڵΪȻҲ뻯ڵΪֻǱȽûôѣϾʱѾ뻯ڵΪˡ
ʱһɫĿҫڵĵܣڵʵ״ﵽһʲôĳ̶ˣ
ҫǿ˹һۣ漴е֮ɫ°ͷŰۣڵôأڣҲе׼ԼʵļˣҪ˽֪֮ɣǸʥĻаٷ֮ٵİڰ֮ڣɱ
һ˽ǵһֱʥɽһսʥˣ֮ȴɲҰճǽܣҪĪƵıԴǶѾɥȪˡ
Ҳ֤λаŴʥ֮׵ʥжǿʱ˿̵İҫȴ˵Լڰ֮ʥĻôܲ˸еҫпôȻûУ͹Լʵ
ĵܣȷӵлɱʥʵټʵ
ҫ˵ͷڵȫĻһ̫϶ʥǿǷǳ϶ġ
Ҳ˵Ŵʥκһʥڵ£Ķ֣ôٽʵ
˻һ䣬ҫϸһ󣬵˵ͷҲͬ΢΢ͷ˵ôдһ°ɣļʵȥһʲôĳ̶ȡ
ҫһ㶣漴ָָԼڵϴȷҪҵ
ҫ˵ϴ㲻ҵĶ֡תһ˵ٵģһʱ治֪ôˣǹٿ˰ҫ˼˰˵ĵܣŪˣҸ򣬶һ˸ǰ˸˴򣬳ŷ֣Ҫ֣Ҵֱܷȫ֮µжǿ
ҫԳ̾һǰһͷģԼǹӿȵս⣬ҫҲֻεĵ˵ͷڵðɣȰҪ鴦ˣǾȥ̨дһºˣȸ˵˵⼸ʲô·ɣ
аˣֱ˵
̲סôôʧôҫһЦϢҫҲûиеξȣаǳ飬ֻǻʲôķʽжѡ
߻ûʲôʧаֻǼ̽ԵĹѣǸ˻ȥǵҪĿǷаЩɣҡҡͷڵ
ҫü漴һڵаڰиýΧԮǹаɣôǲȲǣҲǣǺüƲߡ
üû̫ҶĿʵĵܣ⵱ʲôôǽɣ
ҫ˸ָ΢ЦܼѽȥôôаͿݴͣúǣǲȥȣôǾͿǹǹԮ
ԻȻжаı֮˸еľļıȷԣԼһ۾Ȳ൱ıͲ֪ûӦ֮ˡ
ʦܣӦ֮ôһԵʵ
ǱߵսΣҫ΢΢һЦʵ
ܲã߻֧һ£Ͼǵ뻯Ƚ϶࣬аȻռϷ絫ҲʧǷа߱ȽϲңΧ˰˳ңеڰһӲдٵ˵
ҫ˵ͷͷ˼һᣬڵôǰ䣡
һ䣬㿴ҿ㣬̫ҫĺ«ﵽʲôҩԴֳ֮ɫڵҫ磬ȥԮĺô
ҫ΢΢һЦڵΪʲôҪȥȣ仨Ҫðű͵ϮķȥӪǣǳܣͶǣǸôŽݴѽ
ҫĻͷϸϸ˼һ޲̾ҫļƲߵȷǺã˲칬ʵаԼа٣򣬾Ŵʥˣδõ¡
ôȫûҪȥ¶ԼˣֻҪһаҲû취ֻҪȻ뵽ԼһǰͶϾĵ˭ʱԼһʲôֻҪɾ͹ˣȷݴ͡
ˣ˵£˵ˣȥǰɣԽ΢Цͷ˲Ƶ˾̨һչ֮԰ҫڿƣⳡҫԼֵ֮ļսʽչ
һ֮󣬰ҫھ̨֮ϣ˫߬߬ԤƵĻҪǿһЩӦֻʮоܰʥˣֻҵİ˳ɹѽ
ڰҫ󣬹˰ڣһɵڵأڴڵĴŴٲȻһƣģҫȣǱĲӡ
ֻһĹ򣬰ҫһа˽ȫܣûܽʽ˶׾ٵĻܣʵ֮ǿ
ã⻹ֻǰҫİ˳ɹѣҪ֪ҫϹֻ֮˰Ĺ⾰ͽ˻𵱳۷ʱԼҪǿʮֹҪǴȥԺ䶯
ôҫļʵ״ﵽʲôĵزԼû̫ĸΪ֮ǰսҪȫ֣Ա˴֮Ĳ࣬Ѿȫһϡ
ĵܣļʵӦôﵽ֮ܵеĵزˣٳɴɵˮ֮ϣһߴŴһ˵


ڰʮ һԵ飡
ҫľĺܿ죬쵽˸е˼飬⾳Ϊ԰ҫ˵ȫҪһ㣬ֱӾˮˣһҫԼҲֻԭڰˡ
ѵڳ˲ɣҫ漴ֺݺݵ˦˦ԴЦ뷨ֹסԼҲ첲ȵģڳˣˮǾǺһҲùԭʲô
ʵҫԼ֪ʻ볣ͬҪĻܻ֮ᵮһЩϡŹֵĶ
ͺһ㣬˵ǧųһ鶾壬ǰҫأ͸ˣ˺󻰣Ҳ
ʱҫڸָСչ֮ǰͼҲǸæȥˣָж˼ǲ߲ݣƽͼİڡ
ʵͼһرһرͼšָָָϵƤᣬ˵
رͼҫͬ
ָе˵ͷصķǳĹϣҲֻܿһŶѣܷ֮ĳҵʦ𣬿ϧʦܰӣֻǽЩĵĺ壬ֲ֮ĺȥˣǲεʦ𰡣
ҫεķ˷ۣڵǵΣҪԯǰѽȱЩеûģŲرͼײʲôرѽ
ָп˰ҫһۣ̾Ϣһڵľйأ˵Ϲʮ֮һ󷨵Ĳ㡣
󷨣ʲôҫһʵȻӦǸйأҫ󷨻һĨڣȫһϲͨ
԰ҫ⣬ָһۣϳεɫָкܲ˼ͷڵ֪ûм¼йؾ󷨵Чá
ҫ˵ͷָָᣬڵǾ󷨵Ĳأģ
ָ˿ĭӲ˼Ļص֪ǧַȫҵģǲϲʮ֮һ
ҫһϵֳԹĿָУڵ磬ʦ֣ǲڹˣҰɣ֪ʲôƨð
ָһۣͬŪʲôѽ
ҫ˶Ƥһɵǰ˵ĳ嶯֮ѹסֳ嶯ʱһԵЦ˵ǰҫһԵŶ󷨿ܾҵĵɴھ񹦵
ԽΪȻһﶼϾͱģ֮Ȼܹ뵽˶ٽ˵ǿһ£ϹĳλǿߣԺΪ辶ȻҲͱΪϹʮ֮һˣô󷨶԰ҫ˵ޱҪ
ҫ˵ͷ̫ѨڵôͷʦָȫɣⶫѾͷ˵ǰ㣬պԸ޼ŴãսõǶԸаҲܶһֱǮ
ָԵ˵ͷڵĵ㾡ܷĺˣǶ˵ٶȣӦºȫˡ
ҫ˵ͷ˵˼䣬ȥʱָкȻʲôŰҫߺĵܣұʦʦˣֻŶ
ҫͷҲصֻ̧˻ΣڵþãҲҪҰ˲칬ķص
ŰҫĻָһ㶣漴ЦҡͷŰҫнԶСӣûҲã͵ˣԺ󣬻治ȥˣȻеԲʦʦ𣬵ʦӦҲҵ˼ŻҳʦŵģڿԲ÷
΢΢һЦߵָļ򣬿ڵͰɣ˵ˣĻţͲʦܵŴ㰡
϶ⶫѸ㣬֣ҪԼҹУĵܵʵһ¥ָнϵƤᣬ˵
˵ͷЦȻʦܣǵϣѽ
ֹ֪һ£ɴڻ֮Уа£ɱһҹֵĻ̻̣Ϸǿɡаˡ˲칬ֱܵˣаϮ
а˲칬ãаŴϮˣɵҲܹʧֻڵҲɱаһһĲʳаңֻʣһ̣ǿ֧ţҪֵΪķͱаƽˡ
ǣܽλ֣յİ˲칬ȴŵƽʣһƬϲ֮ΪձǰҫĴ֮գ˲칬Լ߲㣬ͣϵ£ʼֳ
ʱҫڻ԰֮Уǰͽæµͣ΢ЦҡͷҫЦҫ磬߽
ҫԴһ󣬿ڵʮ꿩
ѽʮˣмʮ갡̾Ϣһ΢Цʮ˾˶ߵˣǴһ졣
ʲôмʮ갡ǵľΪǧ֮ҲѾܱڵ̬ѾȻˣһ˵ѾͷƣûҪҲһֱߣ㲻벻ҫԴ΢Ц
Сһ죬Ŀ˰ҫһۣ漴ֵͷ˼һأڵҫ磬Ҳظˣ˵Ҳ㺵ĻôҲȢ˰ɣ
ҫͣ½Ųץס֣ɫֻҪһ㹻ˣҵֻ㣬ûжĿռˣҶҲֻ֮飬ûǷ뷨Һܿ϶
ŰҫЦŵ˵ͷӵҫĻУڻ԰Եĸ¥֮ϣһײİǣעŰҫ
ԻľΪǶ˵ÿһ֣һҫ˵Ƿ֮󣬻ͻȻһʹ漴ͷֻ֮ôôأ
ֿ˰ҫۣ֮͸¶һְ֮ɫ̾һתȥһĻҫҲ֪ǿ֮ôܲĴڣֻЩڸϣԻȷʵֻ飬ûаġ
һҹ޻峿ҫ˸磬ڼŮķϴ磬յİҫеţΪĴ֮հ
գ˲칬ûһ֮󣬰ҫ̤ӭ֮·ݱԼϷĸҪضаƿ֮УҪ˵ᴩݱȥѩѱҲʵӭ׶ֱҶķɿջֱӵĻɽӭס
һ֮󣬰ҫҲ޾յĽӵڰҫӭ׻صŹɽֳ֮Ѵ磬ŵƽʣ͵Űҫӭ׻
Ȼҫ˵һдӼ򣬵ϯɰϰ֮࣬ıͼǽϵ۷ԼֵܻķҲˣֳνò֡
ħ׼ҡѩѱ𸮡塢󳬼ĵ֮Щǰ޲һа˲칬Ľ֮㣬֮󣬾Ȼʮ󳬼ö԰˲칬ӰҪ¹ˡ
ʱ֮ڣҫֵܽáԼ˷վߣϲЦտĿǰ˲֮У֮ϣĽݷķ򸾷ߣͬϲɫŰҫ֮ڣ˫ǰ֮ʱͬʱ
ˣһأҫͬʱ¡
ݸã˶˫װ
޶԰ݣ
ɣ
ڶ˫׷֮һ̿ʼз֮Ʋ鷿ҫ˫Լֵܽõͬ£ǰصı;ƣֱҹҫ鷿⣬һŶ롣
ҫҿĺͷ֮ӳһžӣҫЦ˵ӣҪŶ
һ쵽˲Ӹһ˫ۣҫ΢ЦǶԺ촽£һҹĴ⣬ֻǶˡ
ʮƪʮʥءᡣ
ڴ
ʮһƪ˷ƶ޼


һ ֮̽·ߣ
ӵͼȷ򣬵Ƭɽ̫ѽѵѵ·ˣҫͷһ߿ϵĵͼһ
~~~~~ҫ磬Ĵ˵Լ·ˣ·ĻⱲӶĿĵأѵͼңһԵץŭһ˫ȭŰҫͷľһᡣ
󣬱׵İҫȥѪ˵Ѿͷٸһλɣұ֤ξԲ·ˡ
ѡءΡͼңһһٵ˵¶һɺ˵⡣
ǸҪɱ˵ģҫݺݵĴ˸˵ǵͼ˫ַϣٲȻһ޹ϵɡ
ӹͼ֮Ƴ˰ҫһۣ˰˵ߣ׼ˣӣû
֮ҫϥأԴǵ˵
ˣģˣֱЦ漴ϸ鿴еĵͼһԵһҡҡͷаԻһԣÿҪôһĻޱ߷ɵû취
˵Ĺ۲£һǶޱȺյ飬ҫѵͼ÷ˣ֮ǰ·ĴζΪȥתͼȻԽԽԶֱ˰ҫһ١
ֱҫױͷ̰֮յͼϵ·ǰĿĵأŵͼǵͼָ߲ݣ㻨µʱŶƳ͵ģעǾ󷨵Ĳ䴦
γ̽ҫֻˣٵȫذ˲칬ԴӰҫ֮һ£аʥ򶾡Ӱϰٳ񾳣ͽзаˡ
˷ֱӵӣĽϷǿʣ˲칬ˣߵǣķٳֵ꣬⵽ʥشΣ
ڰҫϢͨǧһ֮ʣֵܣҰҫһʥˣ񾳼Ա˳ɣͽҲɱ˸Ƭײ
һս֮󣬰ҫʵΪ֮֮ǰϹϢӰ첻Сһս֮󣬰ҫٴ죬쳹ѾΪԿа
ͬʱ˲칬ҲˮǴߣǰͶﲻǵʡ֮أЩ۷һãϥҪػذ˲칬ĻУȫҫ˻ȥ
ҫĻҲЩƿԣȻǵѾѡôѡĺǺǻҪԼȥе߾ߣõ˾¹˳ò˾ƨˣǵҰ˲칬é޲ɡ
⻰˵ֱ˵նʡ֮ǰͶҲǿȥֻܻĴظԼĿֻԼ̡
ҫҲĺܣȺǽͷҲ𲻵̫ãֻܻ³ɲ˴£Ȼ档
ݺֵ֮Խӷаҫ֪ڲõĽȻаȫ濪սʱԼʵǿһ֣պսȻͶһְգҪڶʱڴʵͷҪҵ󷨲ˡ
ǣҫ¹ٵӪǼ˵ʵϰ˲칬ķذ˲칬Ǵ´ģаŴʥҲһʱ̴°˲칬ο޵ĴڣҲ
ڰҫźһк̤֮Ѱ֮ãȻǾ󷨣ǡɵǣŵͼҲָʱ˳ʱؽͬʱոպá
Թҫߵ·߷ʱɽһ·ϵҲûر鷢ֻǰҫвڸ١
ЩҲ־ôԶԶĸţ뱣ڰңǵĸټҲǼΪףҫûǿ֮û֡
֮󣬰ҫɽɽ£ȫÿռͨ͹һ춼ãֻǰҫҪͽǰУ˵Ҫɽˮһϰҫ֮ҲȷҪһ£Ҳд⣬εӰֻҲò˳ǵ˼
ɽһСׯĿջУҫһߺŲˮһ߿ŽֱļУɽҲһأɽ֮ѩȻӣĵرȴ಻ʤһļܱ֮أҲŲٵĽǰ̽
ҫ磬Щ˻ôʵ
ţʮˣջⶼУαװͦãһǸٵĸأҫ˿裬Ц
Ҫôѯʵ
أȲҪݾߣɽٰ֮һҫ΢΢һЦ˰ֿڵ
Ե˵ͷ˺ȹˮ֮󣬱طϢˣʱڿջǰһľڣмŰҫˡ
Ǳˣһ국˵
һ΢΢üڵô֪ģ
꿪ڻص԰ҫҪǵĴڣȫ׾ٵ飬֮Զǲܲˣǲݾ߶ѣҿҲûҪٸȥˣȥ֪ͨǹɣ
һ˵ͷתȥ˵˫һգգĽſջ¥ʲô汦ҪôȻݶϷܵɽֻΪɽˮҫ㵽ڸʲô
ҸʲôﲻԹأκӵôãĲֱⷬӳԺУһа֮һκӵ
κӵһƽһ񣬰ҫ޿ײ룬ԼΪԼܹıĶɤ඼΢ĶҫθѾҫ֪ˣֻ˵ƶѡ
Һܺ棬Ӧͷڸ㣬Ϊʲôֱӽɱأκӵ˵ҫǿͨ˵ҲҪڣֱȿˡ
ΪҲΪʲôֻǸңǵǲŴʥϮѽҫ΢Ц
Ҳ̫߿ԼˣʵûŴʥʰѣκӵϳֲм֮ɫЦ
ѽֵ¼ºˣûڴԼҫ˵
һ䣬κӵ˳˼֮Уʵһ·һʵĻᣬþŴʥֽҫɱֻҲûա
Ҫ֪ҫǰÿһشʥʵﵽʲôĳ̶ȣһҫһ˾͸ɵ˾ŴʥȫأᱻڴԼ̣ʱܣϾڵİҫʵﵽһȫ͸ĳ̶ȣ治óȻ¾
ô˵ˣˣҲøϻҪɽ̽ҪȤĻһɣǵöֹȻѰ֮ãȤġ˵꣬ҫϿκӵͨκӵ˸
ߣ͵ɣˣĺҲ͵ͷˣκӵһķߺ֮ɫϼҪѵȻǱҫĲС
ؿջڣŰҫһк棬ʵҫ磬ڸ˭˵أ
ҫ΢΢һЦڻصǵĲ֮ͣսأ
˵Щǵˣ֪˭ôԴʵ
а˭κӵҫʼ磬ڻص
淳ҫ磬Ҫֱɱˣôˣϲ֮Ĳ࣬ϸСˣƳƳ죬һͷ˵
ҫԵЦһ΢΢ҡͷڵô꣬ҲǸиˣףȻҲһʱڵʵɱ練ƣֶֻͨ౩¶һЩаصĸ֣Ͼаص̫ˣҲס
˵ͷڻصǿ϶ѽ˼ҳǧ꣬͵һ̱ûгֵ׼ĸҸȺ氡
ôôⷽߵ˾ͷҫа룬漴˦˦Դٶ롣
񶼵ʱͨĻ׿ⷽصЩ࣬жδֹŹֵ뷨ʷ᲻ٴݣΪⷽزԭеذ


ڶ 壡񹦣
һҹ޻峿ҫ˼򵥵ϴù֮󣬿ʼƬɽɽʵǣͼʾ󷨵ĲصƬɽģɽϵķѩܴ󣬲˲ƣֻܲС
ڰҫ뿪ûãκӵһɽ£Ҳֻ࣬ʮ˶ѣκӵ⻹Ϣǿڡ˷ֱڡٳɡʥ̷Լһͷ췢òꡣ
ϢٳɶĹ⾰ҲСΪѴ뻯֮ʥ̷ûͻƵ֮ͨ˫Ŀһ˿Ǻ֮Ҳ̫Զˡ
췢꣬г壬аа޼ڶ֮һͬʱҲǿһӣó޼ѡһӼλ˵ǷĪɵġ
ڳˣһ̾ܿó˵彵֮ʱ󣬳Ʒϼ죬䶯ааֶԳڴ
Ȼûʧչֳѧ츳ֻÿֲݣǾΪ˵ƺҪһ㣬򵽳֮ʼÿһ׶ξ綼ˮɣʮ徳ΪȴѾﵽ뻯۷֮ʵʥ̷Ҫ߳һ
ĳа֮ǣѾڶ˵һаû뵽ǣƹаһȤȱȱֻһ£Ǿǵ˽սǱеĶ֣аǱɣֻһ;
սѪֱԽļޣÿһεľͻƶ˽սаĲٸֲڳϣϣҲǰ޽ɣִ˲ƣء
󣬳޼̲סˣڳʮʱ˳ȥ޼ΪԼһ츳ĶӶеԺȴԼ츳ĶǸֵңѪбķӡ
ѪбҪ⣬Ƕڵģõδ֮ǰаĺ֮㣬֮ڳսϵıĻҪһ࣬޼Ҳǲòųȥ
ڱŵĳҲûʲôԹԣ֮˾Ȼ𼣲֪ȥ򣬷·˼һ㣬ʧڽ֮Уֱǰյ޼ĴѶ»صа
ĳսѪԸ˺ܶ࣬ҲٺĿսͬдҲбɱֺзִ磬˳˲٣治֪ʮ굽к䣬·һƵãҲ˵ʵ˷˼
񣬳ûãյ˳޼ǰκӵɱҫ԰ҫֳֵĺİҲô˵ڡٳɡ̷Ǹ˹
ʱ忴κӵѯʵӵ˵˵ҫЩʲôãʮҲ£һֱڱչأԽеһ֪ĺ٣˵һйľ
κӵԵ˵ͷа԰ҫռһϵ鱨ԼԼ԰ҫʱµ˵һ˵֮ǰĳ¶ëȻĹЦԵ쳣ܡ
ãܺãҫ˵ôǿǾٺòұҪһٺ٣
֮ɫѪЦĿ˲ǵǸѪսĳ壬ԸֻǱ˶ѣȴδıһ˿һ
һ¶̬Ǻë̷ֱ󶼲Ĵ˸һԵһڵǿ϶ҪģֻǣҺܺ棬ҫΪʲôҪѰյĵλʵһ汦ǧأӶϵܵѰɣ
ڵʣҲǵͷֹΨһ˰˰֣˵ҿɲЩ֮Ҹҫսǲ׼֣Ļһһǻɱô
һЦڵȻ㾡ܶԸҫǣ½Ǿˣû˻ŵġ
Ƴһۣһһӣ˿ʼ׷Űҫ˵ĽŲֱɽֻڳת֮ʣûпκӵڡٳɡ̷һŵĺ⡣
ʱɽ֮ϣķѩ·һк£صĻѩѴﵽϵĸ߶ȣ뻷ӡ
ڶӵĻҲѲҫˣѩھһ֮㱻ռأճŲȻѩ׹ӵĻ˸û
Ѿͷжòܵҫѩָָʵ
ϸϵĵͼʻһ£ָǰڵǰķһҵʱ͵ˡ
üܣ˵֣˵ȻѾôӽĿĵˣôӦûһյػ޳ûŶԣǣʲôûѽ
ͨѣҫҲͬĿܣгһ޼ʵĻѩȷʲôڵӡ
Ҫ֪ⷽص汦֮أһյأǿػ飬ͺɴڵأ̶ǧ޾ػأɶûУǰһƬƽ˾Ǿ󷨵Ĳ㣬ȷΥˡ
ҫ֮˸֮󣬵ЦҪô࣬ȵĿĵأȻ֪ԭˣҵǱȽǺȺˣиǿļһǿ񱼶أ
ҫ̧Ĵָָָ˳ŰҫָķȥֻһҾƵѩ֮ϣÿһ̤ܽѩڿһƬէ֮··׵ĲƥһѼӺݺݻֱĳŰҫ˼۶
ǶҪ֣ƳĽȥҲƵҫת꣬Ц˵һۣ˵ͷС˰벽ǰǳ塣
ǰҫ˻δԱȳըףݡ
ҫһص£Ǻηʥ
֪˭ҪûǸʵˣУ廰䣬͵ļӿһֻ࣬ǰһǻĳԸ߸Ծ˫߳ɽкòˣݺݵҫ
ҫȻһЦ˫һ˫ݺύ಻磬籼ףÿһӡдż产˵Ļ𾢣ӡ֮£ŭˣչҵĶԺ䡣
ơޱߣ
˷Ժ֮£˴˶ûк˰벽˫һһ𾢲ƽǿƥ֮ˣֻþ춯ݣϯԲϰףֱӽϵĻѩھէ֮£·һ㣬ʵǾޱȡ
˫Ժ֮ʣͻȻнŰҫƾֱʣԾʮ׸߶ȣ漴һһİɫȫ汬͸ſŰɫţ֮θֱ£˫ȭ˳ƺһʯֱĺϵİҫ
ȭʥף
ıпޱȣʽһǳɣûаˮҫķӦҲڳеһ̱׼ֻ˫һչ˵Ļ𾢴ӿ𾢻˳˫ֱϣ֮ң·Ҫǰһиٳɻҽ
ơػԭ
Ȼһ죬ֲĻ˺ɨķƺòˣҫ̩ɽ˿ֻϵıԵе㾪ıҲͬˣƺӱ˴˵Ϸʲôŵ顣
Ǿ񹦣仰ͬʱӰҫ˵ûǶʩչĹһģһǾ񹦣ҴӹΪҲ̫
˵ʱʱ죬ҫ˲һתŲƵǿжֱ֮ӽ˦һߣȥ˺ƴ˸൱ʵϣҫȳҪ΢ǿһ֡
ϾºһУٶȼµټϱľҪȰҫվڵϳǿܶ࣬ɰҫȴӲĿҲûʲôˣ˴֮ʵҫҪ΢ռһЩϷ硣
ס֮˫Ŀת֮սֱĿҫЦǿĺǿʸҵϣʸ֪ҵ֣ҽг壬ǽҪϻȪ֮·ˡ
ҫһЦСϻȪ֮·壬ûǸʵ
ǺǣǾֵ¼°ɣ


 ܵĲģ²͸İҫ
ʱǲװҫﵽʲôⳡսûбҪѩ֮ϣһεĿǰҫ֮Ķ񶷡
һԵҲʼ磬һǶ˶սʱɢྡྷ˵ʦܲǹˣЩʱһ˲뷨ôܲµ͸ֻκӵߵʥôôأ
ڰҫչսûãκӵҲҲûвֵĴ㣬ôվһԣʱʱĵһ°ҫ֮սֻκӵһ˳֮һֱʥ̷Ʈ
ȷԼǵһμ̷󣬵̷ȴָһʶĸоԺеļǳģӡȴ벻̣кɻ
һļǣô벻أҵľΪκ¶ӦùĿŶԣô벻أԽͷ˼һ󣬵ٴƳ̷ʱҲ߿̷ֻȴ˵⡣
һ㶣漴Ҳ̷۵ʱ򣬰ҫսѾ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȡ
ҫƵͷ£产ˣȻһȥֱӣǰȴı仯ȻҲһ㣬ûӲӣһƫоյĶ˹ȥ漴һȭ˳ƺɨҫͷ­
ҫһһȭ£ԭһֱߣֱϴľ˲еԼмˣһȭͨͨȻֻжѡ
Ȼڰҫĵֵסֱ۵һ˲䣬ЦһȭΪצһץסҫֱۣ֮һһצҫֱ۽ס
ڳľ֮£ҫӶãûһȭݺݵĺڰҫϡ
ֻǳһȭڰҫ֮˲ʧɫһȭ·ţ뺣ж˸ɸɾҫŲƵжֲ֮ϣһȭ޽
ҹҫͺһȫ汬ըҩƣǿķſֲĻ𾢣˸ӲƷ˳ȥ
ʯһ˲䣬ۼ屻ԼɣҫҲ룬˫һ̧񽣰˽뷢˵ɫâݺύŸԵĹ켣塣
԰ҫͻȻϮķӦҲˣֻ˫ȭã·ɣصܲ͸罫˵âֻǰҫĹƿɲֹˣ񽣽Ʋͣҫ·ȫҪƵģͣı任λâ
ɲǼ佣âǵأƥ켣Ʈ޶һʱȻҫƵ֧׾òǱһԹսκӵ˽¶֮ɫжǿ̷ϲ磬ҫȻռϷ磬ʵš
ʱ屻ƼˣҫĽ޾ȻӦӲϾݺݵҧҧ㹦âƿһξ룬漴˫ȭ趯֯һž޴ĻâڻʱֻܽİȥȴûٵɼԼǿ
ȭޣ
ǺǣͳŲסҲôУҪСˣӲ£Ҫ߻Ȫ·Ŷ
ҫЦһβָ̧漴˦󽣿缲磬ɫĽâһҫ֮̾Ϊֹ󽣸ոһ˲䣬߽βײ֮£ٶȻȣѾﵽһּΪ˵ĵز
ҫһ˫֮󣬾Žײ֮£󽣵ٶѾ쵽գ۲ĵزǿ޼᲻ݵĳ̶ȣѸײڶ֮䴩˻ֱķȥ
񽣡Žϻ
ʱ㣬ѾˣֻʮɹȥӲǧһ֮ʣһ׳Ӱһεɫ緭֮תŲڣ˳ߡ
ʮ·桤يZ棡
죬ָǿֻ͵һգԲһ֮ڣѹֱƶǿѹ̩ɽѹǰĽâݺѹ顣
ʮ·桤Ψţ
̲סôǺǣûϵҿһϰɣһʰˣǱʲôСܷ˵ġҫЦֱͣĿǳ֮ˣǾŴʥ֮׵ʥ̷
̷ȳǿôûУʵҪѷһǷʮ·ԣܹ嵲һοʯһ˲䣬˷磬ӦȻȲԹս̷
̷ҵĻɶԷô
ͻȻŤͷݺݵĿ̷󣬺߰Χǵ飬Ǳһɺ˵ɱ⣬ɽǰ˵˭Ҳҫ֮սɱ˭ɲ˵˵ġ
̷ųǷ·Ҫɱ˰񣬳̾һȭڵϢŭһҪԴΪذ
һ˫ѪĶ̷󲻷ţ˫ȭ߬ţָݽƤ֮УѪָе䣬Ⱦ˽űߵĻѩһˣܵķǳ
ȻҫڹΪϣھΪ϶ֲ٣ʤҲֻһаʽ֮䣬ҫоҪЩɥ̵
ɻ˵ոҪ̷ʹ֣ĵסһȻѾʮɣһľٶȣ㲻ҲҪѲƤǴʵдˡ
ڰҫܹ֮ʤ壬ҲҪ鹦ǿľʤʤʽ֮ϣȻҫ֪ͬ񹦵ĳΪʲôþɲòϣϾ񹦲Ǿ䡣
Ȼǹʽʽû˵ʲô̶ĹҪ̶ʽʽ빦ǿģǾͺ˵ˡ
õĴ䷽ʽҪôͬԵģҪô⹦ϵģͺ񹦵⹦ѧԼo˪⹦ѧ潣Ӧ⹦֮£ܱǿ
õȭҸͣҲϾ񹦵Ĵ𾢣񹦵⹦ѧȣǾͲ˲ֹһǰˣһӶ֮ǰսܿó崦ƣҫȴ
֪ܵĺܲģҪףôģҲǰˣûʲôòĵģҪʵʲǽŴ򣬴Ϊֹҫ˫ۻ¶һµƣ˵
ݺһҧǰ֮ʣκӵ㴫磬СҴıа취һ֮սʱԣǻ΢һ°ɣ
忴һκӵ߳һ˵ֿڡٳɶˣƺκӵͬһߣȻûж˵ʲôǵܿκӵհ
ҲΣһ£ĿҫڵӮˣ´ΣҪ򵽷Ϊֹ
ҫһЦʱ㣡
ˣˣǾͻɸΪ񲯰ɣҫҺܺ棬Ѱʲôڻʲô汦ķôǰһߴԲһ΢Цʵ
ҫͷ˼һ漴̧ͷڣЦһż¼Ϲʮ֮һ󷨵ĲرͼѾǳӽˡ
һ˽ǴʧɫǶ˶û뵽ҫȻֱԲ䣬ȫг˸æǰдҫΪʲôô
ҫĻشǣǣǱ°ӣֱӸǣʱ£һʲôΣҲܽΣվ̯ھ󷨣ҲҪòС
ǰҫԭԽǻȻЩʱҫǣǻǲ²͸ɴ˿ɼҫż֮ˣȻֶЩˣаϣɲһ˿
ҫĿȻֳܵͷԲ˴ڣǾκӵ΢˼һ£㽫ҫ˸ͨ͸
ֻҲû˵ƣϾϹһҪᵽ֣ôа޼ȻͣĻᡣ
֮κӵҫֺѰҫҲǸɴһڴӦھ󷨵ĹǾҪƾ£֮аǾԲκһϹģҲ־ڱصá
ֻǣ˰յͼصʱ˶ɵˣǰһ޼ʵĻѩ⣬Ĳκ


 棬棡Ϲɾַ
ʱһãȻѲܣϵıѩѾֹͣ䣬ǰһƬããѩԭȫһ汦ڵأûյصĴڣҲû޵Ĵڣһƽƽѩԭѡ
Ѿͷ㲻·ˣֲ˼˵ɣҫЦ˵Ҳ͸¶һֻɫ
ûĵ˰ҫһָۣеĵͼڵû·Ŀĵˣŵͼˡ
һԵεͷڵӦòɣŵͼ֮ҸָֿǷ·У˺üΣӦòġ
ҿôʱκӵҫߣʵҫһۣƳƳ죬ùͼݸκӵ
ȻطѾҵˣôͼҲûôҪˣοҫѾµͼ·ߣŵͼǿп޵ĴڣҲ±κӵȥ
κӵӹͼ֮ϸĿ漴üֿһܣ˵Ļѩܺ񣬼ߵĸ߶ȣǱѩס˰ɣ
ҫԵ˵ͷ漴Ŀ⿴µĻѩ漴һɻ˴·ӿ˷ɢۼ˴˹ֿ˭֪˸ÿ˶һƽ׵֮أ߾Ⱦǰϯ˷Բףֶ𾢵΢Ŀˡ
Ƭ̣˽ֻһˢ㽫Ļѩڻǧƽ׵ķΧֻǵѩڿ֮󣬰ҫüͷǵûչĸˣҲͬˡ
ǰĵһЩӲʯ⣬ûʲô֮һͨɽƽذˣ汦ڵأȫǸ룬ﻹʲôûѽɻ󲻽ơ
ˣŲرͼǼٻκӵһڵѾˣҵõطȴʲôûУֱǿջϲһ
ҫҲûлػֻǳ˼һȻܿ˼ۣͷȻ棬ôô
һ䣬ҫҲ˷ӦֱӶڵ棬Ŀ񣬽򷨟oġ鶯ķƪչ£ӦڵһжﶼԺУǿа˶еﲻѡ
ͻȻҫ˫ĿһɣŤͷһֱϵɽ壬漴̧־һֱһӡݺݵĺɽ֮ϣһ죬һɽȻ˽ȥ¶һڵĶڡ
ҫһ֣ЦصĻã©ȥأ
ǰĶڣ˽һʵ󷨲ڴ˵أôа˾Ҫҫչսˣ԰ҫǿֲʵһ¼ˡ
οҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣȻԼһռţʵȴȫϰҫ˵ģҲֻǿȡĻֺαҪأȻ˶ô룬˵ǹĸҫսһ
Ÿ˳Ļҿɲǣҫκӵһ˼ģЦһҲκӵˣǶȥ
κӵڶһۣ΢΢ͷ˸ȥɽ֮һƬ԰ҫ˵ȴ첻ʲôѣıͫʵںڰ֮УҲܹǳķֱ
ⶴѨһֱͨһɳ֪û߶ͨʼķʽֱͨ£˴Լһҵʱ䣬ֻҫִ̧˸ָͨߵ̨϶ʱһƬ⣬һһֱͨǰͨ
Ӧ˹İɣҫһǰһ߸Χʯڣ˵
ߵ̨֪ˣ˿ⰲŵģʯڹ⻬羵ƺǱĳӲͨκӵ˵ͷڻص
˵ûпĳһ֮£ֱӺ䴩ɽļв㣬Գһռ䣬Ȼͽڴ˵ءҫ΢΢һЦԼ󵨵뷨˵˳
ӵ֮ͨĸ֣һ㣬ֻҲʲôһԵ΢΢ҡͷʵ
ҫЦһڻصֻøλ׼ѣʵǰ㣬ǽҪԵ⣬Ի֮ͨˮƽ
˼˵ͨľͷһֻޣͶκӵüͷ΢壬ʵ
δޣЩʱĳЩ޻ҪѸ㣬˵ҫ̧һָǰЦ˵
˱һ仰˵˽ͷˮҫԸ˵ֱ˽С΢һ֮ǰȻʣʱ˿̣˶˰ҫ֮ǰǾ仰ĺˣǰһǱȶսһֻ޻ҪѸ㣬ҫЦҲԽɬ
ǰһݰ׵ĳͳУеռĸʡǰӴ󣬼һͷˣҳԵñȽϻ谵ֻ񷶥֮ϵһȦȦԼ׾ʯĹάֹ
ҫ̾һһκӵˣ˵ܲܵõҪˣѹֵͼбʶĿĵ֮ȴʲôûУԭⶫڵصѽ
ǿֲˣԭֶսʲô޵ģҲûǸˣǾʹ˷ֵɣһԵǰһ΢Ц˵
ҫһ΢Ц㣡
ҫѣκӵûж˵ʲôһֱ˳ȥһߵǳ壬ǰͷݺݵĵ˰ҫһۣ˵ǵսûꡣ
κӵȫȥ֮󣬰ҫ΢΢ҡͷ̾Ϣëëģôֱײҵ󷨾йˡ
ҫ磬ôиоֵֹġһԴǰľ޴У˵
Ҳû´ĻǰӦһʧѾõϹɾַҫЦеԴڵ
Ϊʲôô϶üѯʵ
ҫָ̧ǰĳпڵ㿴ΧһȦǰȻǸƽסģȻ󿿽һȦռȽϴĺۡӦǸ˾ס򡣡
һȦȽռСĶЩۡҲҪȻɵפأм崱¥Ӧþɵĸ߲ۼˡ
оһɵפأ󷨵ĴҲӦ֪Ϲǿ֮һҪ֪𲻽ֻǴ˾󷨶ѣһţڰ
ҫ˵֮ΪȻĵ˵ͷҫ˵һжǺǰУȻϹǿµĳˡ
һ£ոκӵǾ崱¥ȥģȻҲǾھַʵȻǾɣô󷨱Ȼղ崱¥֮ڿǸϽȥǣñǽȵѽ͵һڵɾҪ֮ʣȴҫסˡ
Ŀҫҫ΢ЦҡͷڵҲŻ˵̫ëѽʦǾĻ󷨷ô۵ĵطô
һ㶣漴ҡͷֹаԼ侲ҫȫûȣʱε˵ôѽôĳУҪѰ󷨣ֱǴ룬һ궼δҵҫ磬ʲôð취ô
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڻصȣҪ֪һ鱨Ϊˡƽ¼ľڣ֮йһ鱨ǶҪգܻᷢһЩ˿ġ
һ䣬ҫһһöͨѶģ洫˹ĵܣǳʲôô
ûϴȰҸæҪ̵ʱйؾе鱨ԽϸԽãѴҶһҪ죡ҫöͨѶģ΢Ц˵
ˣٻһ䣬ҫеͨѶıʧ٣ҫ΢Цͷ½ٺʲϽԸе磬ȻԼʧ
˶ð£ֻõϢˣ֮ǰȺúùڰɣ˵֮ϲأҫ΢Ц˵Ҳǵ˵ͷʾͬ⣬һ·ĳзȥ
ڰҫ˶֮ʱݳеĸ֮ۡУ֮ĺӰشܶ


 ػߣȱһ飡
Ϲǿ֮һһ֮ļǿߣνķ󺣿ɲһݴʣϹʵڵ¼
Ѳɿֻ֪ϹһţǾΪѧΪŵľ츳Ǿ񹦣Ѿ˵Ƿ켫ĵزҲƾžӶ춨
ǳɵǣ𡤶²ǽֵܣһͬεգͬдһζδ¼
Ҳˣ󷨵ĲŻɶ²ҫֻΪݣǾͲɿˣϾϹ£ֻʣֻƬѵ
˵𡤶²ĹϵǿѰζˣ˵Ƕ˲ֻ֮ô򵥣ͬʱǾ֣ҪҪİ֮˶Ҫһ첻ͳԲ·ֱǲ֮ʱҲǵվ֮ʱ
Ϊ˵ĺʤ̫ǿŻеɴϹڵĽҲûʲô˵ģ޷ҲǶ֮µĲ
²ҲԼֻǺΪĳµҷ𣬶ͬҲǻһ·ǳأʷϲû̫ļأֹֻ֪ҵ⵽½ųɾŵʧ֮С
Щ鱨ǹʱĳɹǷ˰˲칬еĸ߲㣬Ͽ鱨ƺࡣЩ鱨ɶϹĳ£ֻһЩֻƬѣҰ汾࣬ʱһ鱨Ѿˡ
ȥһЩûʲôõ鱨ѽƳƳ죬Сš
ҫ΢΢һЦڵѾܲô̵ʱռô鱨ϴѾǳ˲ˣҪΪκӵҲҲƵô
ðɣǰҫзʲôȽмֵ鱨ô˵ͷʵ
ҫͷϸһͻȻһЦҾÿԴ֣ѾͷҪʲôôصģ
ҪʲôˣȽϴģһСģһϣȵȣ˵һͻȻһ̧ͷһ񷶥ֿһܣƺ׵ʲô
ҫģЦݸˣ˵ͷڵûڲǱǰ˵صôЯôȻоǰĺǲŶԣڸ²ǰ˭ضصĸأⲻ֪Ƕ˶ַͬƽճأ
Ե˵ͷ²صɴķһԼ̶ףɴķھҲԼԪԱܡ
ɴ˿ɼ𽫾ɽصףõĲַӦø²ͬģô˴ȻоĺǴڣ˭ѵôƣѹһӶֲʤ
ʦܣӣҷһ˼飬ǹһ°ɣʱҫ΢΢һ㶣˵ķȥ
ڵĵطڸһ·ϵĸۡլ洦ɼȻѾ൱ưˣӹģЩǰȻǲƴֵҫϵ˵ķλֻ֮һվһ޴ʯ֮£ҲĴ֮̽µĽ
ʯߴʮףһɿ⣬ߣ޴󣬱ϿӡַҫԴһϲָָͨʯϵַʵʦ֣㿴öô
Ե˵ͷڵЩģ㵱ҸֵָͼͬһַǿܿһЩ
дʲôҫ˵ͷʵ
ݶǾǰױ飬ŵ˼ǣǰȷǽ󷨲ڴ˵أֻҪõȷеĲλãҪͨĿ飬õ󷨵ţ󷨵ĲλõͼͿӡߵϣֻмϰپϵĵͼƬƴӳɲλõĵͼ˵
ߣҫü߶һ䡣
ҫ½ǣָָʯϷڵǿ
ҫ̧ͷһֻʯ˶ˣҫʱ˲һֱ𣬳Űҫ£ٶȼ죬缲ƿգת˲ҫǰ
һӣͬʱ֣˵ľʹӹƵ̶˵˵ľΪг۷ˮ׼ʵҲ㹻˵ˡ
˵Ĺ쳣ȴѲҫֻҫһ˳ƺ˵Ļ𾢻Ϊһ޴ӡ𿪣ʵʵĺмˣ֧顣
ûȷ֧飬һĻҫˣǰ˲ˣӦóΪܲŶԣڱҫһƺ֮ɢĲѪ⣬ǻ
ߣϹпҫɫԴһֲ죬˵
ڰҫ֮ʣ֮ǰҫ𿪵һȣٴγɱҫҫƳߣ˫Ĵָ𣬾һ֣С׾ٵĻߵͷ­
ʱ߿߽ԱҫһƣһöӲӵĽҫһн˸öֻӣҰСҫϸۣӡżһϸơ
ӦþǾ󷨵Ĳͼֽ֮һ˰ɣôСһٿҪռǰĿôҫָָϵĽ飬ŵľе
ڰҫ֮ʣʯĺ͵ӿһȺɫĿߣͷƤ飬ƻȳһ㣬ǵصĳŰҫ˷ɳ
ҫһ˫Ŀǰľûж˿ѹʵ۷ʵĿ٣ֻڷǵĿʵеڷˡ
ҫ磬Ȱʰ˵һҪκӵЩ֮ǰռͼŶҪǱǸȵˣǾͲÿεƲƲ죬˵
漴˦һӣһƬâƿն̼˳ǰʮ߿ߣʮ߿ȴֻɫƬѣļʻٵĿ
ҫһί̾ϢһһεضֱĳǺĿߴ֮УҲǶһۣʼ֮ҲѧŰҫǰһͷ˽ȥ
ʱʯһ˸ߴףٶֱĿ߲к˵Щ߼֮࣬ɰҫ֮£ȴֻ˰ʱ㽫ǳ׻𣬿ɼʵ֮ǿǾ˵ĺܡ
ʱҫСɽ߲кˣһķĳɫͼŵͼɾʮſƬɣͲĵһ飬ҫûҵ
ͲôһˣҿΧĿӦöǸٸɾˣҪǻطɣҫϵĵͼ̾·˵˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ȥˣȱһʱκӵӰҫڰҫ󣬻ͷκӵЦ˵
ôҪ͸Ұʲôֱ˵ɣҫͷҲص˵
ȷʵмҪæ˱סˣƽⲻˣæֻҪܾǳƬˡκӵڻص
ҫתκӵЦͲɱ㣬Ƭ
κӵЦһŵ˵ҼȻȻῼǵһ㣬ƬϣڳҸ˵һ֮ûлôὫƬٵһɢ˭ֵ˺á
ҫǸ߸תοκӵڵǵĻܵˣæҰˣ·ɣ
κӵŰҫ崱¥еǴҫ̲֮סЦһָų壬һ߿Ц壬ʲô̩ɽѹ𣡹
ûȷ̩ɽѹֻ˳ͷ⣬Ĳλѹⴱ¥֮£ûǱ˼㡣


 εԮ뽱
屻ѹ¥֮£ȥһַǳĪĸоʵǰԴӵ¥ķ϶̽ȴڲ
һҫľ񹦱ĳѹƣһ˿¶ãǱӡסˣĻǾ׵Ĺ¥ƷɶУ˹Ǳ
ˣⴱ¥һʲôΪ֪֮Աѹ¥֮£Ҳֻ˵ǵǱ˼㣬Ƶ˻ֹһˡ
֮ǰһ̣κӵ˵һѲ崱¥󣬽ǰʱȴһͻȻ˷ɱ˳ǧĿκӵչһս
Щߵʵǳ˵ãʵѾ߱۷ʵ塢̷ٳɡ˻ã뻯ʵЩߣӦҲࡣ
κӵʣӦͱȽϳˣ½ֻڶԷһ֮£̾ͱ֮Ŀûʣ
֮󣬾ʣκӵһ֧ţҪг˻ҲҪԼµĺ󳾣Ͼǳ۷ΪҪԸٱǧԼͬȼһӶŲ
ⳡսңҲ֪˵еһʶдĳأ崱¥󷢳һֻ֮˺սͣûʶԼ󴥻ء
ڻ𽫽Ŀ֮ЩĪȥκӵ˷ǳɻ󣬴ɨս֮ʱַʮɫƬκӵۣЩƬƴ֮γһŽͼ
ϧǣκӵϵĵͼصĲȱȫȥЩҪһЩƬ֮ʱ崱¥ٴηһ޷ܵľ罫塢̷ڡٳ¥Уֻʣκӵһ˹վĿɿڴ
һػκӵҲǻֽţ֮ǰһʵ̫ĪϡͿɱһȺϡͿĳˣϡͿµĽͼϡͿ˳ˣһʱκӵûлع޴ֵĸо
κӵһСĲ̽¥֮󣬳м¥ȥ¥ֱѹһˣԮκӵֻ֮ҰҫҫԮ
֪ҫҲһŽͼʱ׳ðҫȱٵһƬ룬ɹҫԼߣƽǰⷬ֡
ҫϵ֮󣬼¥ѹĳȻǺһЦ޲ҧһֲòͷ
Ц֮󣬰ҫϸѯһκӵ֮ǰһУκӵҲȫг֮ҫҲû̵óʲôֻۣǵͷ˼
ûðҫͷǰⴱ¥ⴱ¥ߴɣռԼٶƽ޴ĺܣϿưܵĺܣѵǽԼȱ洦ɼȥֻһƽƽ¥ѣҫĺܣܽѹ¥ȻǬ
ǻȥ濴˵ҵһЩ˿ҫָָǰ¥󣬿ڵ
κӵҡҡͷ̾Ϣ֮ǰѾ²̽üˣûʲô֮ôûа취˿ˣô̽Ҳãؼ¥Ҫûз֡
ҫƳһκӵЦ㷢ֲҲֲˣ㰮һ࣬һ١
˵ҫҲκӵ¥ȥκӵɫݺݵĶŰҫţϧֲǰҫĶ֣òֻܵ̾һȥ
¥ڣҫһ㶣Ĳֺܼ򵥣¥ݳֱͨϣҫ࿴ֿһưܲľ󣬲һԣ¥ȥ˾ڰҫĴһȦһȦֱ¥ûһҫɨһܣȻ󲻷һԼϡ
¥֮󣬰ҫߵһǽȱڣȥǰǳһţӦþǾھַ֮еߵˣҫջĿ⣬˵ĵͷ˼
ۼҫٴ˳˼һԵκӵЦһһֻı飬ڵôʲôô
ҫûݺݵĵһۣ޵κӵֱҧǰߵҫߵ˵ҫ磬˵᲻
˽ͷӶ˽ǿռ֮ΣκӵĶȻһһ֣Ҳ֪Ƕ̸ʲô
ûãҫ΢΢һЦԴ漴ɷ˵ֱϣݶһȱڳ˳ȥǳʹ˸ɫκӵŬŬ죬߻ⵥץסκӵļÿռ֮ס֮κӵͬ˳ȥ
˷ɳ¥֮󣬰ҫһת£ѱ¼Ԫ¹һ罭ӷģϯķ֮࣬ƺòˡ
ֻҫͺһ˫һ֣ܻ˿ʼתУ漴˫͵һϣһ˷ӿѹҫһ֮⣬һӣҫθ£˫˳ƺӿĻˣֱĺ¥Ķˡ
Ԫһͨ񹦶幦
ơٳǣ
ҫһǾ̩ɽѹ֮ƣ춯֮صĺǰ޴¥¥֮ϣƼ产ˣ𾢼ңɼʹˣ¥Ȼֺƺ֮ʲôڱ¥󲻱
ʯһ˲䣬ҫһ漴ηתǺ˵Ļγһŭ磬ֲ籩·һͷֱӺ俪¥ȻһĺȥһϢ֮䣬¥󱻰ҫӲĺ䱬ޱ֮쳹³С
ҫ䱬¥֮һƬɳʯ֮ѿҫӰֻǱסκӵȴǵĲѣ°ҫɱ壬Ļء
ۼҫƽ¥˴κӵŰҫȥʱɢȥӰǰһǰҫһĳ壬˱˴˶Ҳ˵ôһվš
ھҷôҪĻҷ㣡ҫЦһڵ
ҳΪһһǶǷһ飬㣬Ƿ˵漴СóһƬҫ
ҫ֮󣬳˵ͷ߻ſκӵߴһڴߣ岻ǰҫת¥
УװʲôװⱾ˵õı꣬ˣ治Ҫҫ˼䣬Ҳκӵ뿪еƬϸѰԼȱʧһ顣
ûãĺ¥󱻳ģ°ҫ֮ǰֶθΪƽأ̷ٳɡ˳ʵĴҲǰҫϸ۲µóĽۡ
ΪЩ¥ôưܲȱΨת¥ȴϹڵ󷨸֣¥˵£¥һ󷨣κӵ󴥻֮󣬽˳ѹƽ֮Ҳҫ֮ǰУԷкӶƴ
Թ򲻸ˣڳƽ¥֮󣬰ҫҲҳȱʧһƬƬƴӵԼĽͼʱɲǼŽͼĿĽ⣬ص׿ռ
ڽͼıַƮ˰ҫԺ֮УһĻһԵȵĲУѶĳҲǰһĻһǵҲԴǻ԰ҫҫǰ令ס
ڴʱİҫֻ˴ԭأ˫Ŀ磬ɫĲͣԺУͬʱһׯµĻú
ܺãȻͨҵĿ飬˵뱾ԵǱϸøһ㽱ȻҪȡþ󷨣ҪƹȥСŬɣ
һ䣬Щɫַٳ֣ҫһڣ漴ϲ֮ɫؿˣǰݽǹ˵ġ
ҫĽʲô˵κӵһ뾡취ưҫܹһ֮ǰЩһϹڵ֮һ񵤵ĵ


 ףĿ飡
ڣϹһ˾֮˵Ϊ˵Уأηգһֿػ֮ݻʹָ֮Ƶ֮
ҲΪһֿػʹȻһΪԣͬʱһϾҲĿ츳ԴǾͲ˵ȫһЩѴڵĵҲܱ⣬Ϲһʵĳƺš
Ҳ֮£շУа˴ǿھĵ֮ˡ
񵤹𣬷ֱΪ֮мٻ̱Ԫʱ߽ɹ֮ЧΪսʱǿҩ
ԭйЧĻһ࣬⻹ֻǸЧҪЧϴ裬ǿ뾭磬Ϊûһ㸱õĶǿҩ
˵ϹΪ֮һǳ⣬˵֮˵רҩҴ˵ĹΪҪڵڰϷɷã򣬻ᱻǿֲҩŵ
ĹЧֻһΪһף߱ǻ컯֮µΪ뻯Ϊôڷõҩ֮󣬽һ̵ʱԴ֮ﵽ֮ͨ
ĹЧֱǴؼĹɣΪֻҪд˵֣ôͲҪȥˣֱӿҩͿˣϹ֮һʵ顣
ֻϧʵڹΥؼĹɣ´˵ҪĲϸ·֮併ĳֹڴ˵֮ϣƣûɹơ
ǧ֮һ֮Ҳֻöѣһöı֮ʱãһת²ҫ
һö˵ǸƷɣú߰һ£ֱ֮֮ͬС
ַ˰ҫǲԶȥˣ²ҲǺˡ
ҫõĺôСѽܸǷһôۼҫĿ¶ϲ֮ɫκӵǰһЦ˵
ҫվֱЦеĿκӵڵǺǣκӵûʸ֪Щ
öӦóһǣԶʳһǳõѽʱҲǰһ΢Ц˵
һʱ塢ٳɡҲĿһ屬һɼǿƣһҪǿưҫ˵õһС
˶˲𰡣Ұôھʹʹ죬ҺôҲþˣ󷨲Ҳգھ͸ƴƺãҪƴһսĻ֪ǵеļǾˣžͳְɡ
ҫһ˫Ŀһɴ󲽿Ǳ˵ƣϢѹȸУκӵ˵оȻһ˿֮⣬ȻϰǿҪֱҫ֮г˳壬»û˸ٴʴʡ
˫֮ʣǽһ¥ͻȻɼҫۣתͷȥ˵߶Ǵ¥֮ϣɢȥ֮¥Ȼըѣһʯײģ˵ͷ֮ϡ
̧ͷʯײģǽ覵ı谵ĻԵøĿ֮еѹ˲һױȵļ¸Уʯײ϶ʲôǿĴڡ
ͻȻʯײĿʼ׹£˰ҫκӵʶ˿ߣ˫ĿʼսʯײĲš
ʯײÿ½һǹѹǿһ֣ʯײ֮ѹѾǿϢĸо
Ż򿪣񾭽٣ҫؽҧ뵽ɣʲôŲңվ͸Ѫսס
ʵֹǰҫô룬е뷨ǴͬС죬Ȼܹ˺˵ѹôʯײڲһʲô侪˵Ķ
һȥֻĺͯӹײ˸Ȼҿһ۲Զİҫκӵˣִ֮۵ɤ˯˶ѽôôˣһιصͦ뻯ΪϴȺСǿˣ
ǰһĻҫĿɿڴҫ°Ͳûˤķ飬ԭΪײʲôĿĵޣֻ²ˮǣпʲôǿĻؿܣ֮ξͶˡ
ʵ׵ƷӦ˵˵Ϊ˵뷨ҫ࣬ǰɰƴһ㺢ͯʵǴ۾ʲôŵĿһͯЦһ¶ô
ȻᣬΪͯǾˣֻ˻֪ѣҫһԼգ˵ʹΣ˭⵽ô£
ʲôô£ĿѽǸԼСǰͯûİ˰ҫһཱུ̧ۣСֳŰҫʾ
ԼΪǾǰ
ҫһԾ˵ֹԾһ仰˵ڣ˶ԾˣоΪߵܹഺפģǷϻͯǾ֮ˣǰͯԳƱ𣬻аҫСôϹǿ֮һ𣬻˭
ŶǺǰˣҲ벻ⶼҪֶ²Ǹ˵ÿζһȺǹأҽѲҪһֱСɲҪʧˣȻɱ㣡
ֵͯ˵ֻͣ۵ģɿɰޱȣĸģ޲óǰסͯŷཱུСһڡ
ҫأʱɱŶˣֻһƽһ¾㵵飬ǳźͯ˱ȭ漴ǰ
ͯŰҫǳȵĲ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ漴תͷ壬û˵㣬СɵվˣҲ˾񹦣Ȼ֮ǰǸûͨڱã͸ɣڣǰ
üͷһ壬һͯȺȱŰ֪ԷǾҲеԽܣֻǣԼԷԷôȻܣһò
֪ԼҫĲж٣ֻѷＸΪҫ֮ʵϵĺ蹵Ҫõ󷨣ǿʵøҫһ̡
뵽вԥ˵ͷ֮ǰ֮ʱһԵκӵƣо岻ǰƶ˵ɲʲô£еļƻġ
ֻǲóȻ֣ΪͯĿѾԽ˳忴ǣͬʱͯɤҲǵԺУСҵļ̳ߣȺСҰֵ㣬򣬱֪ʲô
һ䣬κӵʶ΢΢ͷĿ¶֮ɫͷֹҫһһҵͯǰʱǿ˳һۣһƲһֲõڵֻ˾񹦣ȴû˷ѡ
һҧһַŭļͯҲſҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵСԪˣؾˣµÿʯҵˣǷϹһذɣ
ҫԵ˵ͷȭһ񿪿ڵлǰѣﵽǴ˵еĹΪڴлˣ
лԼĻԵ£ˣϻˣĿֻͿˣ˶ȥȰɣ
һ䣬ͯһӣһκӵ˼ʧһаҫ޼ʩչһǿԵ˲ֶΣҫѾֲˣǱ˲Ƶ˵ϣ˵ʵӦûʲôΣա
ֻȰҫĵȻ۳ǱĲУֶǵһμԼ֮ǰûзŭ֣ӵǿ˲ֶεĸ֣Ҫɱֱ׾١
ˣĿɣشһ⣬شȷĻᴫھ󷨣Ļֻ˵ûԵҲΪǣҪ㱾꣬ô


ڰ Ϥĸоʵľߣ
ѩ֮ϣԼκӵ˷ǳͻأĳƬҪͨʱѩԭ֮ϣһ㶣漴תͷǴڡ
һ˷ͯȷʵǾɣĻпҪõ󷨾ͱҪͨĿ飬Ͳ֪⿼ҪҪˣĵġ
κӵˣǿɲᵣκˣȻĿʸ񹦵ˣܳ廹ϣõ󷨣˵ɲʲô¡
Ϊγ˸ٰҫһὫ⣬һصǾһὫҫһͬȥǳ޼ԸµǱҪִеģõ󷨣Ǿɱˡ
Ϲʮ֮һԳ޼˵ģҪǱгɣôʵ»һܿµĳ̶ȣҳڼҲһ޼ǳɻ飬³޼ǷɱԼʷܳӲɡ
ʱ˿̣ܳܲܵõ²ЩǺ󻰣κӵ˵ڻһҪǾˣҫͶˡ
κӵ̷ʹ˸漴ԼҪ˵뷨̷ҲͬҪǱҪʥֵģϾ˿ɶ뻯ڵΪڳ⣬ٳɻ治Ķ֡
ɱͻȻüͷһ壬תͷκӵˣҲӦǸ˹ȥ
ʱ̷һԲһεɫӰһĿĻ棬̷ֻƮ磬켣׽գ֮Ѻʮ׵ľ룬׵
ʮ·桤м쮣
ۼ̷һϵƺеŮ˼ʵϸպ෴̷൱ļɵһֵİȻɽһսܶʲô˺ʱͬգӵ뻯Ϊ䰵϶ͬն
ҪǳܸаգҲĿģ֪ûʸƷɵĵӡ
˵ʱʱ죬̷ĽһͶԺűϤУڶԷɱڵԼеҪּ֪ĸ֣һġ
ۼΪ̷аŭ̧һȭݺݺȭ׺ˣ⺬ŭһȭʧһѹֻĴ̷ֶָ̧ȭͷӭȥ
ɰСȭͷĴָȥƺǳĴССĴָȴһ产˵Ľââ覣ˮͰԵƥɽһޱȣָⴥȭͷһ˲䣬ֲĽâȻֱӽ̷˸˳ȥ֮ǿίʵޱȡ
oָԽ
һ̷֮һԾŲȳɫâ˻Ϊһɫ磬̷˵ķ׷˹ȥһ˲ٶȣ̷
ӣʥԸ˽㣬ûɣ˵
˵ͷ΢Цصİɣ㹻Ӧ࣬ҪСģʥķʮ·Ľɴ⣡
ͷص֮ʣѾ̷ǰָֽһĽâ̷ֱȥ
̷ס֮ۼâɨŲæ˫ȭݺύһεɫȭƹ켣ռ֮˫֮£һн֯һƬʵȭͭǽһ㽫еĽâ֮⣬̷ڵĿռ䶼ͻƲˡ
ʮ·桤Ӹǣ
üһԼĽâƲԷķ˵Ӧû鹥ƲǣⱻԷҵɳ֮ɲᰴճơ
ֻ˫Ĵָһԣ񱬷һӣ˫ָ֮͵һʵĽâ֮ǿڵһ㣬ɽ֮ݺݵĺ̷ķǽ֮ϡ
oָԽ˫ϓģ
Եޱȵһ׾ٵĺ䴩̷ǽͬʱȥûмֱ֣ĺ̷
̷ķӦҲǼѸ٣֮ľ룬㹻ˣֻһƽӷģȭ˳ƺ֮ʣʱֹһŷ·˴СεɫȭӡֱǽâĶײһ
ʮ·桤׾вأ
Ȼһ죬ը׾춯أǿжԺ֮£Բڵĵ涼ȥ˺ɨ֮಻ܵĻѩ㣬Ƥƿһ㣬ɵƵǺޱȣ̷Ҳɾ˵ıը˳ȥ
ʸɵĵӣǺúսһȻǽɵĵӣǾͲܸţ̷ס֮Ц
ͷ΢һѪѹ˻ȥҪΪ̷Ҫѷһֻ˲Ȼ¶ԼƵһ档
Щѣҷܺ棬ӦļŶԣķʮ·涼һֺϤĸоͺݹҵļȴûĴڣǺ氡˫Ŀ̷ֱ󣬵˵
Ǻǣ֪࣬Ҳ򵥣ӮҾ͸㣡̷Цһְ˰֣֮г֮ɫ˵
üͷһ壬Ǹ߸𣬵˵ͷ֮һɼĽⱬ̷Ҳͬһɼ׺ƣ֮ս˫Ŀһɣһű˴˷ɳ˹ȥ
ؿߣһκӵľǺٳɶˣԭ͹˵ʵٳɶս֮Уһжȫѹˡ
ֻٳɶѪϵ·ϸСƿڣƺǱиģҪǱжǱȻ似İǳԾ˿ͷ
κӵ㲻᲻׵ﵽĳּ޵ʱһеļıֻЦ仰ɣȻʱֲʵľ㲻ֻǺԼǣָָٳɣЦеĿκӵ˫̵ָ
⵽ڿκӵ˫Ŀ޵ֱҧò˵ûԼεľ̫ˣǿǴ󳬳ԤϣǼϲòڷ˳ĵõ²ǡ
֮ʣٳͬʱһ˫Ŀֱ֮һ㣬ֻգ֮䱻ԳǰͬʱһƣҪһֲ
ϧǣǵһһôӵùķۣ˵ĹֱӴ͸ǲûйκǰȴ·ʵһ㣬΢Ц쳣ɻ
ʵٳɲûз֣֮ǰ˫ָʱڵһ̣ڻѩ֮УӰҲǴͷųġ
ŰӰ̣
ģκӵǰʵոٳɶ֮ʣǶһÿռ˲ֱӳκӵǰ˻عʱһжˡ
ͻȻֵκӵвһĪĿ־壬뷴ֿ첻һֱ̧סκӵĲӣٶ֮κӵȫûӦͷϴϢУг˾֮⡣
뻯ڵľΪκӵǳ۷ľΪ߱ȽʵԨ֮κӵδ߹ûģϵ⣬ֻ׸
κӵĻͻƴΪļıҸҫ˵ͬϷڣѾԼˡз˫ֱĶκӵЦһ˵ɱκӵвĲ
ѾͷɣһϤĻ˵ĶУ֮ʣҫηǳͻأĳС
ҫ磡
ҫ֣ϲüһɣ˰ҫߣκӵǺձڴڵĴŴٳҲκӵ߽令סڴʱХ̷׹ڼӪ
ҫ磬õˣʵ
ҫ˵ͷ΢Цţͨ˾ǰĿ飬󷨵ˣ


ھ ҵ󷨣
ͨ˾Ŀ飡ǳأҫĻκӵüʵ
ҫƳһۣڵûͨǰĿ飬ʲô³
ҫĻ˵Ĳ岻û˳κӵе㷸ˣϵǻȥνʵҪ֪ʱ޼ƢѴĦҪȥ³ƻǳҡ
ҫ㡣κӵɰҫȴʻĻᣬ̧ӲĴĻκӵûش⣬ҵ㣬ѾõˣߣߵĻҲ㣬Ļһ仰ô򶼳ɣڸһ𸴰ɣ
԰ҫͱˣκӵиое죬ҫ˼ƺżǰҫڲʲô˵ʵԺɨԼˣǵɱԼһҪԼһ·˼ʵĲС
ʹظʱ䱦ĺܣô˷ѣۼκӵ˼ҫһе㲻ͷ˵
̷ڡٳͬʱκӵ߾͵һ仰ˣκӵü֪ҫ«ʲôҩΪ˱ʵֻЭ
κӵһˣ˰̾Ϣߣ
κӵ֮ǰҫٴκӵ޼仰Ұ˲칬аȫ濪սʱղԶˣҰҫػһѩǰܣǵշϹ֮׼
ΪԼ֮ǰͷ;Լ޵ôҫδҲ̫Դˣھʹ״˻ظ㣬ʱ̣κӵͷҲص˵ʵɫŭɶ
̷򿪿ռ֮ͨǰһȦȦռɢ̧ſ˽ȥһ̿ռͨʧ֮ǰ̷ͷһҫһ¶һĪЦݣһӣռͨͬ˵ӰʧӰ١
κӵ뿪֮󣬰ҫһ˰ظڵڰǸˣݼտ򣬻治֪ôճ
ҫĻеĸоɵҫ˵֮˾ȻҪ̱أۼֿ콫ססҫһ̣ȵ˵ʦܣ㡣
ҫЦݷ࣬˵ͷڻصûҵһʮһ֮ǰڽܴеʱ򣬼ڵĹˣ֮ǰҪĸκӵսĻҿɾΣտ
Ҳ˵ҫڹŪ飬թǵģôҫЦˣ΢΢ҡͷЦ
ķҲֻóʵҲ˵ǰ㣬ڵİҫޱκӵ˵ûһܴùܶԸǣսʱྡྷδֵܵסʱҪΣյľˡ
Ǻգܵõ󷨣һжֵõģңΪҺľѾգˣջķأҫϥϲ֮ɫ΢Ц˵
΢Цͷڵˣеʱ㽲ȥȰ˹Ϣɣ
ҫ˵ͷϥƽıţ룬ָһԵΪǶ˻ͬʱʵҫ磬ǰĿʲôѽܺأ
ҫ΢΢һЦڻصһ⣬˵˵õĴУ˾Ҫھھַ֮ãͱˣ
ʲôѽʵҫŰۣʱ龰
Ҫһ⣬ҪٻشŶǰˣڵ
ҫͬʱ˵ͷͬǰʣ
˵ͷ΢Ц֪ôģЦ˸еһֲζǺͯģ˵Ĺע֮һıĸо
ҵǣҵʲôһһش𣬴𰸲׼ظ¶һֽƻЦݣʵ
⻰һ¥ҫ嶼סˣڵǣ֪ʵˣϻôûˣҲ֮ⷽС
˵²ⷽصԪѾˣ˵ƷɣڿռѹĪƣĪڿռƴҫѹϹڵľֻˣڳ޼ʱֻǸͯѡ
ˣҫػɾϷˣ壬ʵҲǿȡɵģҫתת飬Ǹ߸𣬿΢Цǰͽоѽ
΢΢һ㶣ƳƳ쿪ڵ˵ҴţȡɿǲܹصŶ
ô˵ҫЦݸˣֻ˫гһ죬ЦеĻصѵǰϹʵôǰǿµʵųɾŵĽ˶ֱǰֻǰΪİɣǰӦòȡɰɣ
㡣㡣ǺǣС˼ϧ㲻Ϲ䣬ҲѾǸһΪʦĻһҵĹŵӣʵǿϧѽ
Ц˫ֲģƺǺܺӣƫƫǸͯΣմϱߣֻÿɰݣҪƺͰҫӣȻŵӣֻϧƷһ
ۼͷЦģҫкݺݵһνǧƨҫĻشǳȻȡɵĳɷּ󣬵ǰ乧άĻĻŭŵЦԿó˵Ŀˡ
ǰǹ˰ɣҫС˵ȻϿƺҫĻش𣬵Ϲľǿߣҫ׼Ƣ
ЦݲֹŰҫ˻֣ڵţĿˣʸҵĴУ
˵꣬ҲȰҫعֳֻ̧ŰҫһָһâѸײڶ֮ڰҫϣһӣâҫ֣ҫڵľʼģͬʱ󷨵ķھԺУУʼ
ţĸʵӦ㹻ֵ֧нΪֹôСֵˣĻشظŶ˰ҫһۣĵ˵ͷ漴ֿ忪˵
巸ˣҪ˵սмңҪ˵ͷԣһٸȲһҫ⣬ش˸춼ҲȻľֱü
شǰɣҾˣĿ鲻أҪҰ꣡
Ļͺһشݺݵĺڳķ֮ϣߺݺݵҧҧ붯룬˭֪һһ㣬Ȼ󣬳˷·ʯһ㣬һľֹԭء
̾ˣҽ괫֮󣬾ǰҲû˵ʲôֻ˵Ὣӡ˵˾ڣȻͰҸ˲˳Ǹ嵱Ȼǳױˣ֮ûص
ҫ֮ǰڽܿʱһȫгûлع˶Ƥһŵ˵⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣҫ磬Ҳأ
ô㣬ҵĻشûдûָգҵĻشҲȷ𰸰ֻ˵ǰûˣܹôҫʼһνĻص
ܣͬĻصʶһЦ漴΢΢ҡͷ󷨿˵үźøҫģֻ˵ʹȻǿ󲻵á
ǰҫ磬֪кڣ˵ɣʵ󷨿ǺĲУǵͷ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵԣλϹʮ֮һȷЧǷֻҪת񹦣󷨱Զ
ͬʱҵĹҪͨ壬Ҳ˵ֻҪһ˹Ƕ幦ˣֻҪû꣬Ҿһֱڶ幦ĳ̶ȣһж൱ڹȥȫһ
Ҿ󷨵ЧֹڴˣһָĹܣǻһ֮ʱ󷨽зңԡء


ʮ Ӯңɵ룡
ҫһ󷨵ĹЧ˵֮ѾĿɿڴ˵ˣҲ̫ˣλϹʮ֮һľⷽص֮
ǹϲһһֻҪһ˹ֱӾܱ幦Ͷ֮䶼ǿһҪʩչУȻǾ춯أ񺿡
Ȼνԡ˼ܼ򵥣ҫ˵ǰ㣬ҫһ֮ʱ󷨱ὫҫүϸҲ˵ҫӵ˸Ļᡣ
һͨĸԡ֮󣬱ƶһ̵İҫʵȻֲּΪҫǱᱻ󷨸׵ļҲԾţ˷ء
Ҳѹְҫκӵ뿪ʱ˵ƺҪаĳ׿սĻо󷨵ĸҪðҫʵһַǳֲĵزпܴﵽ֮ͨ
һаĲôˣȫ濪սҲδûһս֮Ҫ֪аԹѾãҫǸһеаôабĿܡ
ȻԺܴ󣬵аʵ̫ˣ̳Ĳ֪ĸǷֻб濴ȥôҲ֪޼ʵ޵жǿ֪֪ͬ£ǰãˣҲһʱˮڣȰԼʵȥ˵ҫа룬ı󶯣ûյ̣Ȼʤס
Ͼڵɲʲô¼ҹˣ߻ô˸ԼҪΪԼʧ۵ߵˣҫǾԲ·ġ
ˣҫÿʲôΣնֻٵȥʲôΣҲʿ䣬κóȻ£ֻʮþȵ£ŻӦжԣһҪһɱ
ҫ磬ǽ£ʵ
ҫЦЦߵ˵ͷջҫ˸Իָ࣬״ָ̬ãҫ֮΢Ц˵Ҫչһʱ䣬ڰ˲칬ʱΪҳ֮ʱȥЩ̸һ̸
̸ʲôʵ
̸ôа£ҫһڻص
ǰҫǴаȫ濪սڵ
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦҲʱˣƻˣһлҪҳԺ˵Ȼȥɣ
Խǵ˵ͷÿռͨص˾ŹɽεѰ֮ҲǸһˣҫ˳õϹʮ֮һľ󷨣ȥƺӮңʵȴδ
ھַڣһͯģľʯײ֮ϣգԴǰԼŭĿӵĳ塣
ˣˣȻľΪ㲻Ǹȣ㻹Զֻ֣㱾ֲ꣬ɱ㣬ڰڳһҪ˵ģôҪ֪Ϲжڱ߻ûǸʸأȻҵңڸв֪ƳƳ죬
ǰȻѾи˰ҫֺαҪҪ֪꣬ںδ忪ʵʱҲˣʵٱֹԼôҲͽͣ侲ʸס
ӣõİ˳һۣû˵㵽ɵǼɵ֮ҪΪŵѽ֮ڣὫѧȫ㣬ǱĴУ
˶ˣвɵòһֿϲ֮飬ԭԼοմӮңԼþ洫ǰ֮Լܹأ޵С
ʦѵҪȥɣ˻֣˶Գæǰ˫ϥأĿͷ˵Ӱݼʦ𣡡
ţܺãӽԺǱĹŵˡ
ؿ˲칬֮ڣҫ֮֮ǰùٷȺռ鱨°˲칬и߲һãҫ֮󣬷˶ڣʵһȰֻʣ֮󣬰ҫε֮̽ԭԭ˵һ
˵֮󣬹ٵ˽һϲ֮ɫ󷨵ЧʵľѣͬʱҲδԿаģҪ˵ڰ˲칬սʵѾаѷɫ٣ȻϿܻѾȫܹȼ硣
ڰҫչ֮˽һ޳ɣҫҲû飬һҹ´֮󡣵ڶ죬ҫҶ껶ˣֱӵг۷ʵĿͼֽԼ񵤵ĵˡ
˵õ֮󣬽ǿϲޱȣһ̱Ҷﶼ¶һֿȵǶ˱ǻؿһĴмңܵõϹŴڵ汦Ȼϲʤա
ڰҫϸ˵һƷĹЧ֮󣬶˽˷ޱȵĻȥоˣҫЦҲѹֶ˹ȥᱻΪԼڵĵһţִžͲѰӵеģǻһ
֮󣬰ҫֽһЩҪע֮󣬱˺ɽ̨ʼչأһչؾꡣ
ҫֻعһΣ˽⽭еľ⣬Ҳùһ°˲칬Ľֻһݣаһͷ˷Ķǣ˭ҧ˭ĴսҪĿǰҫİ˲칬ԼЩɡ
һЩСɱа֮Ĵ۷ɳʵңɡ޽šƽˣסаԵĽŲͥ񣬲·硣
սҲһ浹˲칬ɵʵ˵аʹ꣬õĳɹȴ΢΢ֻϷȴаǧٿס
ϷʣɢѾûжˣǿҲֻʣϷȾʡ֮صİ˲칬ԼϷĴˣطаΨһµĵط
ҲˣЩܵ׷ǰѰӻ˲칬ҲǴ󿪷֮ţǰֻɣɺ߾ֱ̲ˡ
²òͷľ£ܻͲˣܴܲѾôҪˣ˵̲ЩܵҲûеֿ׷׹齵Ҳ˵Ѹ׳󣬴ӱϿƺҪѹ˲칬һͷ
֪һ֮󣬰ҫҲûʲôİţֻǸˣҪäĿ躹ޣЩܵñսͬʱҪԱܼˣñȡʲôܡ
ҫļƻΪǰµĹٵҲʲôɵӣǶ֪ҫ⣬޷ҲǺݴͣһˣ԰˲칬˵֮ߡ
ڰźһ֮󣬰ҫַˣԼֵܸǴĺܰԭԼչصʱ˵һ¶ԵͻƣҲ˵Ƕ֮ˡ
پͲ˵ˣһԣƢԸϣɽײһ𣬱䲻ڣůޡ
ҲĿ꣬ǲٴҲܰҫʱʱðҫе˵ǣϹ溣ܰҶҲ˷ǳĽչ
ʵߵһҲǰҫ뿴ģҲٲ˶ܰϹ˼빤ټ϶ҶĹ֧֣Ȼˮɡ
Ǻõİҫֱչˣȥµһ꽫Ҫ֮ʣҫˣҫصʱûʲôĳ֣Ҳûʲô춯صƱ
ֻǰӭӰҫ˶оҫ˶ͬˣԽ׽͸˶ڲ²ҫǲͻƵ֮ͨɰҫȴЦء
˼ҫտڲ̸Ҳٶȥֻҫǰһдţ˲칬׹ڳϦ֮ҹƼյǣаƣ׹ǰа˹ݡ
ҫָָڵʲôаʲôѵЩˣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵģҫǸô
ȻҪȥҪȥҪȥ


ʮһ յǣǳ
յǣλϵϵһУͬʱҲϵĵһУйģĸʡСסǧȴɲԵӵ
ʵյԭûνĳпԵģǰֻʮСׯԼһƬĻĵأ˿ڻʮ򣬲˵ƶ񤣬븻Ļкܴһξ롣
֮Ի㷱ٸģ⻹Ҫ鹦Ĵ۷ɣĴ۷ŵĺ֮£յ򲻵˸ߴʵΧǽƬ֮ϵҲ쳣ŨΪһƬء
֮еȫǨƵ˴˵أӦΪһ֮أУսڶ࣬аʼû롣
а˵ĴǿִͬƣֱΪʵңšǫ޽ףm꣬Ȼɲ֦ͬͬһ¶⣬а쳣ŽᣬǿаʱҲû취
Ϸǿһ֮ҲǷа˵Ļ𣬵Щž޴Ŀ飬аڻٵа֮սǹͷͬʱ׼ҫİ˲칬
˲칬ãӴ󣬸ƣǳ뻯ֵͲаٶ٣аĿ񹥣Ȼûаռһ˿ˡ
аߣȻаͥ񣬿ʵûб濴ȥôãаʵп֪ʵڸаԵĲ࣬ȻĻҲȫǨƵյǳˡ
ڰҫչغĵ꣬аͻȻ㷢Ӣⷽسаһù̶Կаľˣ˲칬ȻǵһĶ
Ϧ֮ҹյĴ۷ĻյǹΧǽΧƽڳͨɵǿĴפˣȼ
ҹеɢŶᵽҪ񣬲ɵˣôյһ֮ۡУһ׳׳˫ָңſȺͷҲص˵׳Ůͷǣ׳Ǿ޽ס
߰˳ߣòˣ٣ΪԴ﷽豹֮òʮͷһƽѸ磬ף󿪴ϣ͹ˣпٵ֮ϴֺ֮ΪѴ뻯֮ʵ֮ǿ֮¡
֣жδʱһһһŮ꣬ߣ΢Цʵmꡣ
꣬ò㣬üĿʲ겻Сòȴڶʮ࣬Ƿʮ֮һİƣ䲻ǷˣǧʦԵžΪͬѴ뻯֮
׻ͷһ꣬΢ЦͷڻصյŲ඼ˣֻһСڱ·⵽аĽɱˣн˳ɵ˳ִѾǳˡ
Ե˵ͷ΢Цʵǰ˲칬İ׹أûô
΢΢üڵ֮ǰ׹عţ˵ǻԼᱸϴ񣬿δִ·Ҳ⵽а˰ɣ
̫ģʱûӦʲôµˣο԰׹ʵʹаŴʥҲδػĶ֣ҷȽϵָǫ֣ǵ̬ȣ»׹ķУϣһ˫ܹദɣ국ص¶֮ɫ
ҡͷЦڵദ»ѰǶ˵ʵǿ¶ҪѹһͷʱҲ֪ôģǶ˱üΪǿƣϰ˲칬ϣ˿൱ļ
һǣʲôô¶ɫڵ
ʲôʲôˣʵ˭ȭͷ˭лȨܲϻһһɣ׿Цһҡҡͷ
֮ʣͻȻһǿҵĿռ䲨ͬʱ̧ͷ죬ɫһüͷ΢΢
Ȼֱÿռͨ͹Ȼ뻯ĸ֣ҿǿĿռ䲨ʵǿ࣬¿Ҳֻаа˲óˡ
ȻѾȷ˶Է߲ƣвҴ⣬Ư𣬶ǶǣҲǵĵӣҲŷ⾳Ϊǳ񾳵ġ
ڴʱǹɿռ䲨ԽľҲȫ䱸žŵռɢһӣһŮӿռһſǰ
üĿ㣬֮ǿֱѹˣȻʲôʡ͵ĵƣмһһŮǸһָĪĸо
еһۣͦΣŨüۣپ£ò信ʣȻ¶һ֮˲ıҪȥע
Ůһѩ׻̬£òɣʤѩ˿٣µóһ·𾫵ϸһ㣬һϣΪˡ
˵ͻȻ֣õǰμδͶȥĿ⣬в˱ǵ壬һͷӶ²ǵݣһǿԿ϶ģǾ˽뻯Ϊ
ŸѵаŴʥɣһоĪ񽭺ó뻯֣Ҳֻаˡ
Ȼֻܲ⣬ǰ˲칬ڱ̫ⷽף˰ҫչ¶Լ뻯Ϊʵ⣬˼ûô֡
ڳа⣬˼֪˲칬˰ҫ⣬ҲͻƵ뻯ΪѾкܳһʱˣûǰǰҫˣֱӴ򿪿ռͨǳ
ѽصɱа˵Ĵ֮ôʥµİҫһ΢Ц˵
ߺˣȵȻѾ˿аľŴʥɲʮֵȷһЩҪԷ
ǰ˲칬죬ҫ
˲칬Сɣ
˲칬ڸޣ
˲칬ڸ󸱸ޣ
˲칬ĿǬţ٣
˲칬ҹҶģ
˲칬£°
˲칬Ӫ£¥ޣ
˲칬ѧĦȣָУ
ҫԱţ˵ֳ֮һƬž˽Ŀɿڴûã֪Ǻ˸ߺһ䣺ǰ˲칬İ˲
һ䣬ֳʱը˹˶¶֮ɫŰҫָָ㣬˷ǵУžηŴ㵣Ҳſ־壬ˣһ¶Ŀɿڴģ
ôӭǣа˻ǺôļӰְڳһҪ˵ģҰҫһô
ҫĿ䣬£ƽƱˣŵһڣæ֣꼱ææ˵׹ϢŭСˣ֮ǰ֪ǰ׹٣Ѱ׹˵аӣ׹
ҫ΢΢ͷڵԭˣӦǰǵаŴʥ˶԰ɣ⵹пԭҰ˲칬һֱ躹ޣûнҵ˵ʵȷᣬˣҷ£֪λôƺ
¾޽ף
m꣡
Աţ֮ǰҫ̫ʢΪǰǷԵþнһЩⷽǿΪ𣬰ҫʵǿǣչֳ䱳Ƕ˷ŵ̬ˡ
ҫԵ˵ͷԵúܵȻ˵عǰ·ɣ
ҫ˱ض˿Ϳӭ˴֮ڣֻض˶԰ҫ˿мӣаˣ԰ҫûôˡ
ЩСҲ̫ˣֻƷɳ޷죬ʵǿɶҪúýѵǲɡ
ѵǿ϶ģҿǳǸҫҲֻǸոͻ뻯ûöѣǿأ
ţãɱӺˣ


ʮ 
ʱ˵Ĵ£ҫ֮ŸۡĵĹ㳡ȥһ·ǰμӴŷ׷ͶĽ־ηĿ⣬ͬʱԺƵЦݡ
˽ҫ쵽㳡ֳ֮Ѵ磬мλһ׳˶꺺ӣһͭߵӣôվעŰҫ˵
ҫ˶һۣ΢΢üҲû˵ʲôֻ˵ı΢е㲻̫ÿǰ˺Ȼ͵ˣ֮ǰȴûӭӰҫڰװ
͵͵һۣ̾ϢһŰҫǰǰ׿ҫЦе˵׹һ£λңɵǫ
΢΢ָ̯׳ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ׳ȭһ񣬿ڵˣ°˲칬ҫ
ǫɨ˰ҫһۣҲһ˵Сʱðͦ죬ǿ֮ģҲҪ̫ˣҪǫѷҪһʱĳɾͳͷԣô
һǰҫˣ˶ˣ˵ҫǫǰȷֻһСѣ⻰˵ҲûëߵݡʵԱһëɾʹˡ
˵ҫİ˲칬𵥶ңҪǿֹӸʵ˵ǫδǰҫĶ֣˵ҫһ֮ǫƽɫƷɹϵĵӣݵλһﶼֹ
ǫʱ˿ԼǰѵҫǾͲǽѵˣƲŶԣе㲻ʱˡ
ڰҫߣ˽ɫһ˶ĿݺݵĶǫǫֻоһɱ˵ӭѹɫͬò̫ÿŰҫŭĿӡ
ѽѽҪŪô׹ֱֱĨǣһʲô˵ʲôģ֮ǰǷȷֱڿ˵㣬׹ӦòİɣʱһͭߵӣЦǺǵ˵
Ļ֣ȥƺڴԲʵϾĻڳǫû˵ǫͬһǿžҪһҫ
ʱǱŵòᣬǶ˵ĻѾǳˣһаѾѹае㴭ٵ˰ҫˣǵİ˲칬Ǿ֮֡
죬Ҫ˵Щûһ⽣ŵգ˭֪ҫһ̧ӲֹڣһЦ΢Цλǳʵ޵ɣ
ǣӵͷص
ҫЦеĵ˵ͷȭһ񣬿ڵ޵൱пϣҫܽˣ
һ䣬ǫһҫҲһٻСѣҪͷȻǾͼþգٵ
ҫôһ˵ջ˲٣һԵ궼һЦˣʱҲൽˣҹǳϦӦͺǣ׹ϯɣ
νֲЦˣƣҫȻᷢǫҲûٵѰҫ˼ŰҫϯΧΧȺڼûֿɿҲȻζ׷ϯ
һȻҫûз̸ЦԵúܳȣѾıԵˣ˶ûкɫһ֮ɫǻǷãһҫʲôļƻԼ̲סѣ˰ҫļƻǾͲˡ
ҫô֪ܲԼֵ뷨ͨ˵ֵǲգһСǺúóڶ
ԽǻһЦҲǣһ·ҫҲʲôƢô˵²̨ǫԷ٣ԾĹò˶ãǱΪԼ֮ǰ޴ΪʹĴۡ
ϯ֮󣬰ҫǫͬһλϣЩŷɢϯԼͬһ
ƹѲ˹ζҫƣҫҲ߲ܣֻ˼ΧڰҫԼļֵߣ˶ǫˣǫܲ
֮ǫ˫ĿЩǰƵţתתͻȻһƣתͷҫЦʰ׹ʵǿᣬаͥ·磬һɲŵĵӣĽ׹Ѿãϣ׹ָ£Ҳҵհһ°׹ֶͨΣ֪ɺá
һ䣬ǫ˰֣һһ˰ҫ󣬱ȭһȻһЦڵ׹ߴͽ̣
ãûȤ
ҫһھƣֱ˵ĻؾǫһۣǫģĲУʱҶ΢΢һЦ˵׹ûȤҵǺȤһλ̨ĸУӦûɣ
㣬ûǸʸ񣡡ǫƳҶһۣҶĿɰҫ£Ȼ
žҫŵľƱһ棬˫Ŀ磬ֱĶǫ˵עԴǣߵ⼸λҰҫĽֵܣԼҵˣǻûʸǲɲŵĵӽô
һصǫеˣ֮ǰǾûʸʮʮǹۿ˵ͣڱҫӲ˻ȥ仰˵ԼڲԣȰ
Ǿλָ̨һˣʱǫҧҧ˵Լʦ𱻰ҫһ仰ҭ˵ҲһһҪҶһݺݵĽѵ
ͺúý̵һ£ɲŵĵӰɣҫһھƣЦ
ҫĻ׵ȼǫеŭֻݺһ߬ȭͷҪȴߵס󣬺ߴ˵Ҫô˿Ż˳Цģ֪ͨĵӣֺһ㣬úýѵСӾˣ
ǫԾĻеǱ㴫ӣ˵ղӣһֱ֣һкΪʦ㶥ţȥ򣡡
ղӵĵӣǸ߸¶ѪĿЦݣҶģͬʱҶҲյ˰ҫĴ磬
ұôģҶһء
룬ΧŸæӼܿѳؿճøˣҶղ룬˴һɣĿԣз·ֵԣոĽš
ҶȻһЦְ˰֣ڵһУȹɣ
ò𣡡ղһŭ֮ɫһһɼǿ񱬷Ϣ뻯֮ĸ֣ѹָ޿ֵưҫ
ֻղһ˲䣬˲ʧԭأգ֮ѵҶǰ̧һƶݺݵĺҶĵͷ­ֺֿޣһԵǫҲһĵ֮ɫѾҶĿһˡ
ϧղԵҶģҶǰŪٶȣֱ³ǰˣ󸫣ȡ裬ȻղһƴˣеĽֻҶƶʱµĲӰѣҶıѾƶ
ÿ죡ǫ¶֮ɫոҶƶʱе㷴ӦжʱһֲõԤС
㲻Ƕеˣ϶̫࣬ԺҪע⣬ˣһùˣڵˣ
ҶĵĻղ˲亹ëֱ漴ŵùǴһʹҶһ˫ӥצץסղӵùǣ˫צһ֣ӲĽղӵùǸλղӲҽгޱȣصڹ㳡֮ϡ
С
ŭǫҲ̲סˣֻŭһֱҶĶȥֻոնɳ׵ľ룬ҫѾǰӡ˳ƺֿզ࣬ǫҲֻüֱ̧Ӳ
ɰҫһƵľֹһƽǫֱĺ˻ȥֱɹʮ׵ľ룬ǫǿסΣɼҫһƾǺε֮ء
Ƕ˹ƽԣӮҪƺ˵ɣҫǫ˵
֣дϼѣֵܾȻôص֣˭һ㣡
ǫŰҫŭùλҲԼ뾭ĥİˣղ൱Ƿһ룬οҶĻ֣˵Ĺ뾭ղӵԶȱ濴ȥء
ôҿɲôãаˣѾˣҶʼ磬ڳһ޹ģڵ
죡ûķݣǫҶһѵһ䣬ҫ˫ĿһɣֵܣĻҵĻϹ㻹ʲôô


ʮ ǿУ˾Ҫ
ǫ޽ΪѴ뻯۷֮Ѿֻſ֮һֲȭʩչ춯֮֮ʵֲ
ҫһϹǽеǫ죬һκ˵ĻҲκ˵סָŰҫһŭȣҫҪһսɸҽӣ
кβңҫ˫Ŀ΢΢Ȼһȣ
ʱҫһѾа˳׵˺Ƥ˫վһߣҫǫһսƴܵɢҲǲͣĽͷӶ²Ƕ˭Ӯ
һǽ죬ͷ͵ĳǣһһ͵ȻսСչսȻҪ춯һء
׹ָոеֵĵӵİΣˣԻ˵ЩҿⳡԻǵ㵽ֹΪã˺ѽЦ˵ҲΪǫ̫£Ӧʱҫ֮е˼
а˵㲻ˣһһսǣ˵㵽ֹҲ±˳Ца˵˭˵㣿ҫһмЦ
һΧ۵Ⱥڿʼ˽ſֲ´ԭ˵ʱ̧˵˵ľһЩڿ֮ԣҲû뵽ҫԻĻеԸˡ
ʲô㵽ֹղҪʤҪҪС֪ʲôв֪ߵغ񣡡ǫŭĿԲǰһȵֱӾܾĺ⣬ĺֱۡ
çǲ֪νӮˣ˼ֻ˵ԴСʤ֮䣬ˣΪ˵Ц˵ʵУӮԿĶ㣬ƨôᶯӣˣаֻͣڼʹǫԷҲδҲֻ԰Ϊ
Ҳ̽ϹʲôУϲ֪νҫҲǰһЦ
һ࣬˴ĿԣǫһֻһһƥɨķΧѹʮ࣬ûһһ̬צģƾޱȡ
֮幦
ƵҲףģģɣ˵ϣУҫŵЦݣְ˰֣ڵ
СΪĿۣҫʮģûǫķθըˣǫŭһһֻգ֮Ծ𵽰ҫͷ֮ϣ˫ȭ˳ƺȭȭӰһƬɽһѹҫƺòˡ
ȭʴأ
ǫȭ£ҫ֮صķԲһ֮ڣ׸һ飬ֻϧȭ֮²ûаҫӰǧһ֮ʣҫֱǫĹΧʮλã΢ЦĿǫ΢ЦһУҰҫ˵У벻öС
ҫĻԼĪڳ˶һаǿ𣬴ʱɴ˫Ŀҫ
νпŵп֣ȥҫֻͨͨܶѣʵǷǳ֪ԼٳӦģӦϰģҪǫ࣬ҫԱȴ˵лҪǿǫĶ֣ȫеʱ
ؿǰҫǿеǫŭѣϵԽĿ񱩣ֱ֮һʮ׵ľת˲˫ȭݺύ缲磬籼ףÿһȭд֮գ֮Ժȭݺݵѹҫ
ȭȭɽӣ
ǫĹƷޱȣڰҫǰȴǹ˿вֻ׼ǫȭƣֻڷ֮תŲǫȭͷ½ǶϣȫùԽǫԽǷŭһַҪаҫɵļơ
ǵڶˣҫĻӰͻȻǫǰһһͣηٺˣҫ룬ͬʱһȭȻȭһɼ͵ǿǣҫûܡ
ȭﲻƣ
һȭƣǾ޿ޣҫ޷ܣֻӲһȭǰҫȫûԼֵĴ㣬ôվԭһȭȭӡԼ
Ȼһ죬ҫ֮һɳʯԶǫһЦߣСβΪԼеʵͲűֱ֪ν
֪ν㣡ҫߵƳһԵ֮ɫǫЦ
㡣ǫѵǰĳͻȻһɨգֻҫǰĳעǫЦþˣ
һ䣬ҫһ˦һһâ˦ֶâ߿⣬ȥѸޱȣ滮һ蹵ֱǫ
ǫһΣ֮ķӦҲ˫ȭһһͬʱ޴ȭӡݺݵĺڵâ֮ϣȻһ㵶âƣϧ˫ƵԶȭӡһâ̱㱻״ݻ١
ǫ˫ֻڱѣâȻ裬ȥɲѾǰƵǫòʮɹ˫ȭһԺ䣬òײŽâ顣
Ǻþǫ鵶âһ̣ҫѾǰȿ籼׷˦ߣͺǫ֮ϣȾԵףޱȣѪˣַ̧ҫߵһϣòǱ
ȡһǿݣ
ۼǫҫʹһԵǰβסҪǰǫΧϧ˲ǰסһ˲佫˺ݺѹƣ˲
ڹϣҫһŽǫ߷˳ȥֻûɳȥԶҫѾֿסǫļֹסĺ֮ƣһϥǵĹؽϣصĹڵء
ԸֻһֱۣΪҪвУû뵽о͹ˣϹ㻹ʵĽаҫǫĶߣЦ
ҫĻһشݺݵûǫķ֮ϣǫҧгݵŭһת۷壬񱩵֮οҫҪɣϧԵǰҫ
ҫһ͵ıһɼ׺ľ𾢣һɨ㽫ǫɨޣǿסǫһѹǫֻоԼϿһɽûſڵϡ
뷴ϧûǸʵ˵ǳսȻˣǾ͵ҫĿĿǫǱ飬һ˵ɱŵǫݺݵĶ˸顣
ǫ֪ˣûмҫʱûѰҫ˵ҫֻһСѣʹɨаʥҲҫǿǻǿԼڳ֮ǰһĻ԰ҫٰѰֺɫ
أҫ֮½ȡɱģĿ־ǫܸоõҫɱ⣬ذ
׹֮ǰֻϷԣ̰ȶˣ˵׹д
ǫˣܹսŷ׷Ͷȥĵ֮ǰһɷǫû¾ˣ˲ܣ֪һս֮ǫڽбȻһǧɣΪеһЦ
ȶˣϷԣǺǣǶûУ㻹ƨսսˣҪûҫз˫ۣһĨ⣬ָ߸̧â͸ֻҪһ䣬ǫͷء
ڰҫâ֮ʣһԵ̲סˣչսҪǵķǫ£ϧʡ͵ĵƣһʱԽ׳ذ벽
㲻ɱң¿ңۼû˵أǫһƴȴѲҫķһжͽͶѣֻĻȴðҫüͷ
£ĸ£аôҫа룬ʱܴһ̾Ϣ֮
ܣǺȷǱʧ󣡰ҫ㶯ְɣķûʸñȣ


ʮ һ磡ƣ
ɤÿ˵Ķߣ˶֮УΪĸؿڵأʵǲظ
ҫһԴ΢΢̧ҹգ漴һȵԭа٣βһͷ¶βɲаݰ
ҫĺһ쳹ʣͬʱҲΧЩظ΢Щҫ׷ͶȥмĿ⡣
ǺǣܲаͷŴУСܽ죬ȷǱʧһЩҲнյ㣬ôվҪֲԼĹʧɣ
ٴûãҹ֮ʮӰ䣬Ϊһаĸ𣬶ľˣаľŴʥ
ʱҫҲ˶ȥˣҫ󣬶Ǵһ־ηĿ⿴漴ϥأкμ£
֮а֮в˽ǵϥأ˵ͬĻһĻЩǰŵһǶɵ̬֪ôˡ
аͶа֮ǰаսһΪľڽհѵ֮еɢȫۼȻһ򾡣εһʵĺ簡
ʵˣҪ˵а˳Ͷ˷аҲȫԣΪĿɿڴģϿԿǶ˲֪һУ·ǱǫڹҲƭˡ
޵ʲô˼аˣ㣬ȻаϥǰưһŵĿ𣬿ڵ
԰֮ˣƳһףЦ֣νʶʱΪܣִԲˣǶаģǿľӪһ齵аŷ翹ǰԼƣ֣֣ǿҪ
ҿ裬ԸսҲаϥһΪֵܣû뵽˲ܵΪͶҲͰˣǣͬңӾ͸ƴƣ
ʵڱĲУһŭ֮󣬴Сٳһ߳ߵľ޽˫һսһɨ𣬶ΪҪ߹һͷһɵı׵Ľơ
ǲ齵ҵˣ֪δãܿ׵Ļ֮̌ͷеľ𣬱ȭʵ
ôãôãɱ˱ǡѻˣ˷ǲߣֻ·һڰҫ㽵ǲҪŰҫһЦڵ
һ䣬¶һѪĿֱף漴һųʵΧɱףҲž޽ŵĵչҵıƴ
˫ݱ׵ʵԶѷ𣬸һ㱻ԷƵ֧׾òǱֱļŽս΢ȶһж֮£΢תһЩ
а˹ҧԼȴĻҲڳٵ˳˼֮У߳ɵŰһ׷ͶЧңʣһЩӲͷͶ翹ףĳŰҫ߿£
ۼڴˣЦһڵͶˣ͸ǵһ飬ǰԸ齵ȫɱ򣬱ҪǵԼѡɣ
һ䣬ֳһƬѻȸ漴һҷ񱬷֮ǰٱһǴʱ˿Ѿʼַ
ν˲ΪԾȫûģȻǾֻˣڳһ˲˻֮С
ԽɱԽֳ࣬Ѫɣһɹ˷ҽͶڶòҡ
ǳǣ۳λңҫڵλãԲʮ֮ڣûһ˸ҿΪǾ˱ɱǲҿ
ҫһֱѹǫ߱ҫĹ׷ȫ˶ãɾѾ֣Ҳ΢һЩֻѵһĭЦҫûлģȰ㻹Ƿң򸱵ͶڸǰԼ䣬˵»һ·ɲҪԻǰ̰
ˣ˵ʸûУķɲߣҫɱɣԽԽۣ㲻ֵĻǱҪˣ
˵˾ȻǾĻǫ͵һڣνĿɽûһ£쳣Ĵ㵡
ǺǣϹ㿴ôͶˣĿɽ֪аһʲô˰ɣҲߵİ
˵꣬ҫһֱǫȫǫһֵı飬ڵصһңɵ˵ӣһĻ죬ŭɫʮ˽ǳ񾳵Ϊ׷׽ųҫҫҲһ̧ۣһָʮ˵ȼת˲յĲΣعɱ뻯µĸֻ֣ܷ¡
֮󣬰ҫͷһԼԼһֵǣ΢ЦֵǣգǾг𱨳ԹԹɣµаʥ֪֪ʲôнȣ
ԽһЦ漴̧ͷеľԼǾŴʥͬʱڰҫĴ£˻𣬷ϰ뾣˸ն
ôʼɣҫһ̧˻һֱҲһ˻֣ľŴʥɳˣӭֱȥ
˫ײһ˷ɢ쳹أЩɱĸǶʶ֣ͣ׷̧ͷϰҫ뾣֮ս֡
ⳡսȫ汬ҫһǧ֣񽣣ҶĶӰָжʥڤ°ħģף򶾡
ȥˣŴʥ֮ΨʥûӦĶ֣Ըչҵıƴһʱ˫УȻѷѽ⣬̾Ϊֹ
ܵս֣һ΢Цû뵽ȺСȻ̶ֳܽȣòǵʣ֪ˣӦóδ֮ʣԳֽǳȥ
ҫ΢Цͷ˵νǧ֪ںڿе˰ɣл˵£Ȥһô
һü⣬΢΢һЦָָԵʥ̷󣬿ڵҪ֣ȴ˵ʤҲûʸ֣
һ䣬ҫЦˣ̷ˣǰѾǰҫĶ֣οҫõ󷨣ԼҪҫ֣ǿ϶ûӮɾƺ֪飬ЦԵúŴݣȴǿ̷󣬲Ȼͷ˾ˣҲòս̷ֻǰһĬĬתŹ
Ȼִˣȴ֮ˡǵõʥȭ£ɼ°ãһѩǰˣ
ҫЦһһһŰƴС۶漴һ˦ֱ֣ٶ֮һƳյ磬գۼѵ̷ǰ
̷΢΢һһĺÿ̧һȭл֮ϣеĻɢûг֣Ǳһȭ˻ȥ
ɾǸʱ򣬰ҫٴ۳һͬʱΧֳ߿״ͬСͬŰҫһ𣬰˿ȥǰܹſΧ̷ͣĹ
̷ʩչʮ·һ·Уûа취κһſ·һ㲻ͣɧ̷˲޴ֵĸоҫִ̧˸ָ֮һ̷͵©һġ
˵ʱʱ죬ڰҫָһ˲䣬ſųһֱ͵ĺ̷̷Ʋæʮɹһȭһɳεɫȭӡݺݵĺ֮ϡ
һը𾢽ȭӡûڶϽȭӡը飬ϵ̷ǰȻըɳ𾢽̷˸˳ȥ֮ĿššԴƣƺը֮£̷ɳ׿⣬Ϊһν̿׹档
£Դʽƣôȥɣ
㲻ףʸñסԡ֣


ʮ ɲԴ
ƣǰҫԴʽڰҫԴľ񽣡ŽϻԾСý飬۳ſСƵķʽ뱬ը֮ӣӶƻ
ھſ֮ʱɿֲκ뻯޷ֵģѾֻŲȽ֮ͨľʥ֮ʥ̷Ҫһ߽̿״̬
ҫһоǼϵһ¶һĿɿڴı飬°Ͷûˤˣ˶֣ͣһ㵵Ŀеİҫ
ոһĻǿʵڣаԼ̷λã˵ſСըˣǰžԽǸըɷɻң̷ӲſС˵ˡ
֮ϣŴʥҲͣˣһ¶һ־ֵĿ⿴ҫʥ̷жǿǿڰҫҲ߲һУǰҫʵѾﵽĳ̶ȡ
⣬ôܣţżĹ⾰СӣôܱôǿʥĹһĿŰҫ˵
뵱ǧС԰֮УҫɹµвҪƷɼʱϵ°ҫҪϣҫչֳʵޱȵľ֣ڰҫҪˣĹ»ᱻһɱ
Ϲ֪İɣĸ˵ˣֻҵϣڣĹ֮ʣ˲ߣδ֮ʱ˫ֱıţĹ˳ȥ
ҲɱϷСУĪҪΪľΪ޵ˣĶϷ˵ֵһӣסκĹ裬תͷЦ
ͻȻϮȷǴĹһֲĹеֵǣƾûиʲôʵԵ˺ϧĹ˵̫ˣҫ˱ȷǲֵһӣսʽɲǿȥӲ֣ǿȡʤġ
Ĺ軰֮ʣɫȻһ䣬˿ʼƤתɫΪаŴʥеʥȻжˣһѹƲ˵Ķ
Ҫ֪ĹҲľȻ򶾾ԪȥˣһĶأǹھ£ȻĶˣ򶾵Ǳҵϸ顣
ϹҵĶζɣȻһЦ˫ĿֱĹ裬һһȥ
ߣռ˾Ϊˣ㶾ѲϷ򣡽죬ϷҪջԭҵһУĹ轫ڵĶʱѹ£ͺһֱȥ
գͷǣҲʾһŭ֮һӭĹ衣
Ӱһͬʱ˫Ӫ˻عٴչսΰҫһʿ𣬴ȻռϷ磬аһʿңŲֽţת˲Դ·磬Աѹ¡
ʿֶʿߵһŵÿһһʽţʮɵʵܷӳʮɣȻܹռϷ磬ʿ͵һţʱȱţʮɵʵӲɣȻҲ·硣
һ֮ʿôߣΪҫһдܾŴʥ֮׵ʥҲǰҫ뿴ЧҫսʤаĻôⳡ̾ͲôˣаһذɣǣаĻôһôȻܣӮɡ
겻ɿаԪϣΪѴ֮ͨĹϹ֮ѧɲ񹦣ʵ֮ǿλⷽ۷֣ʤˣⷽؾһ֮˵֮ͨеĵһˣ粻컯֮޷¡
ʱڰҫ̷֮λаĸԶˣȻҫľΪе㿴ףǾ׵ΪȻ°ҫ
ҫҲһ꾣ǧ£˹Լİ˲칬ǸʱڰҫУħĴڣ˵֣ʹ࿴һ۶˸еޱѹ֡
ɴʱ˿ԼʵλħԼˣڽΣҫû̫࣬սĹ˵
Ŀԣ΢΢һЦ˫ָȻСһܸ֣ĸס֣аɲ𣬾ȳ֡
Ͳˣ
ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢һգۼͷұ۸߸̧Ƶ˳£͸࣬ɽ֮ƣžͷ­ݺ£ȥֿͣʵ޻һԵƸǺޱȡ
룡
һף
ۼޱȵâ𲻾ЦɱŸֶƣûгֵĴ㣬ڵâͷһɶԶʱͻȻͣͲǰ·֮һϽâӲĸ
Գ޼ʱҲеסҸѾͷйʲô棡ҫüв죬ԼĹܵеûһ˿ףʵˡ
ǲΪʲôһ㵽֮ȻҲˣҪСˣһЦ漴һһӲӵɲħҫâ飬˸˳ȥ
ɲ񹦡ƽɲս
ʵ壬һֲ֪ۣǿռ֮Ӧԭɣ
ҫη֮ʣһ֮󣬻±һһɼֲİɫ𾢣ھ󷨵ĸ£ҫתֻҪһգ۵Ĺƴ
ǽӲӵɲսûбջأ·ҫһ㣬һǿƣҫ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬻»𾢲ƣһ㣬Ƽǿʢ
ҫ˫ĿƮɢгһƬƤתΪ֮ɫ˵ƽڽ𾢸ԽӿȣԽͫ򷨟oѪԪȫת˼£ĹƱȻᾪ춯ء
ҲżôŰҫתһУҫЩʲôʵȫܹһ˲ϰҫʩչ༼ܣֻԼʵģΪʹҫһֶζ˵Լⲻ֪һУҪΪԼжʹĴۡ
ڰҫеĸ֮Ǹ߸߹һʧԭأüͷһ壬ɫٴݣΪҫٶȺܿ죬֮ǰ˰ٱ࣬пʼеԼոյĲΪ
ͻȻһ죬ͷųĻƽɲսؿڴ͵ı鿪ȻҫһŸ䴩ˣоؿһƣз˫۶ݺݵĵҫ
ҫȻһЦһոֿ࣬һӣƽɲս²ͣıһӶҲǲϸܵơ
ڴʱľѪҰڲݣƽɲսս˺ֱӷϣȻ˺ٲһ˶㲻ϣָоҲǷǳĲܡ
ʱҫһȣһֱڷϹ׸߿֮ʱҫһ˫ϥǽţ׹֮ʣ˫˳ƺȾޱȣƾ춯أ˻һǣѸײڶ֮ƣصĺƽɲսͷ֮ϡ
ȡʯ쾪
⼫Եƥ;׵һֱӽƽɲսķ飬ȥδֱ֣ĺ𣬺֮ɫ̧һȭ
һȭľȻΧĿռһƣҫ˫ȽӴһ˲䣬ҫ͵һѪֱֱĺ졣
ɲľӫ䣡
λаɲˣΪҫչֳʵȻδ֮ͨԶ뻯۷壬Ȼ֪ҫôģʵֵþԴ
ڽҫ֮󣬾һֱӳڰҫͷʱҫδסΣ˵˦һƵݺݵ˰ҫļϣɻյǵڶĵϣһ죬ҫݺ׹ؽҳһӡ
ɲľ
ñԴҫ٣˵һһߴɿɲӰ͸ٴ֮ϣұ̧ʱɲӰҲͬĶ漴һȭӡ


ʮ ֮ͨգ
֪֮ͨΪΣ֮ǰǰΪǰкֻۣ֮ͨΪСΣСɣԭӰɣںԭӰʱ䣬岻
˵СɵıӰΪֻ࣬ﵽ֮ͨʱŻܵһ־־ÿ˵ﵽ֮ͨҽԪӡԴ֮ʱ־Ż̻¶ǰ
־Ҳı࣬νı㱾ԭʼľòааͬľòֵıҲǲͬģȻ;Ӷ࣬޻̬ı༫ϡ٣Ϊһּаıࡣ
㱾֮󣬾ܹͨԭĹעӶʹֻҲνıӰˣӰֻãͬһкḡٱϣɽѵС
ԴһַǳĶ˵ΪҲ׼ȷΪı࣬ţȴִţһַǳʡ
ͺƿռ䱾Դһ㣬ȴֱȿռ䱾Դǿǧ򱶣ֻгɹԴĴڣܽԪӡУԭӳּӰҲС֮
֮ǽԭĹںϣںϴﵽԲ֮ʱӰʱ䣬Ӱ빦ںϣʱԣսԭеĻٴĳ̶ȾҪʲôĹˣͬĹҲǿ֮֡
һۣаʹսʱӰϵǲεɫˮף֮εɫˮҲǰľ澭ˣ֮ĺô㽫಻
ɲʲôݴʣҲʲôԾеĲ಻𣬶Ĳ಻𣬾컯֮ǿ߶ûɱ㡣
ΪԪѾӡԴ֮УԭѾںϣʹֻҪԪܳȡԭ
ȻҲﵽ֮߾޵еĴڣν޵ֻԵ޵У֮ⷽлеط֮ܶǿ߽Ʋõġ
طǿռ֮ǿѾܹƿռ䣬ռв֮бǿռˣֻҪĶֶռ֮Уôڿռ֮ǿֻܱ޷ѳſռĿεֻл컯֮ǿܹڲƿӳ졣
ν֮ͨˣʱܴ֮ⷽﵽ֮ͨǿ߲٣ﵽ֮ǿߣֶֻĹܲɵǣаɲⷽΪ֮ǿߡ
Թʱ˿̾ͷųԼɲӰҫڵϷ̧־һȭӣһȭɵܿռһȭҪǴʵˣҫɡ
ɾǧһ֮ʣ֮дҫһ̾Ϣԭԭָоܲأ
֪Ͳ֮ģֱȫɱ
ҫĻһ֮󣬾ŭһԼһȭֶ˼ȥҪҫ׺ɱϧǣҫ֮ǰ˵һ䣬ǧ֪Լ֮ǰӰҫûþȫںѾˡ
Ǿ޴ȭͷھӻһɶԶľʱһִֻбɲӰȭͷסȭƵĽӴ˽ԲڵһиΪƽء
ֻ־ôɲӰľȭһһĸ˻ȥ֮һƾȻǸߴɵɲӰƷ˳ȥžҲɲӰһͬȻأѹһĿĵľ޿ӡ
ûھһȭʱҫܵĸоָоҲǱȫ汬һ˲ܵԴĴڣ֮ԪӡԴ֮Уȡԭעڱ֮УӰ
һеķ˵ʵ֮һ붼ΪʱԴⷽصʱ侲ֹסԪӡԼӰĹֱɹ֮Żָؼʱ侲ֹֻǾԼûоѡ
ʱҫڵ֮УһߴɿӰмؿڴǰҫˣֵǣҫıӰʵ̶ȱɲӰҪʵ࣬Ӱʵ֮䣬ȥƻǸ˵ĸоҪȾǿܶࡣ
֮ԻҪ鹦ڰҫڻûͻƵ֮ͨʱҫں˾ųɣͻ֮һɵںϽ֮С
ʱİҫѾﵽϵĳ̶ȣΪںϣ°ҫ֮ǰڳȡԭʱ򣬱С֮ǿ߶һ
ΪҫܹôԭϾҫ֮ԻͬȾǿ߸߳һͷΪ˼ںϣԵҫÿһ綼ͬȾǿǿ֮ܶ࣬ͨҲ⡣
˵ǿߣɵԭʮôҫ˼ɵԭһϡ
ΪҫǿȻҲܸܳԭǿߣԭǸűԪ񶼻ܲסڳȡԭһ˲ֱ
Զ֮ҫıӰҪѰС֮ǿߵıӰǿǿʮңٽ֮ǿߵıӰˡ
ʱǰ˴ʥͬʱϵֳ֮ǰҫһƵɣİ˴ʥĻŭţ˵Ĳѡ
ǸϵֳպÿɲӰ׷ɣȻҫľӰ˫ǳĶԵһ£һ㶣漴ϲЦտ˴ʥͬһ㶣漴ĪһжΪҫͻơ
̫ˣҫ磬ͻƵ֮ͨˣԭ֮ǰһֱڻԼĿռ֮Ȼͬ죡˵ĲûԼİɾͣȰҫ˻ҪȸԾ
ʦܣֱԶ˾룬ѹʦ㿴㣬츳ʦĪһ΢ЦĿҫ˵Ļûһ˿Ķʼ֮⣬͸¶һóϷ֮С
ٵټҫľӰ֮һҲ΢Цãҫǵľ֧֮ĺֵܣǱ׷ĶΪֵܣֵܵĳɾ͸ߣȻеˡ
ʱҫ˴ʥĵǿ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ漴ֿǰ˴ʥȻһЦЦݿڰ˴ʥǺεȵľ㤣ֻһѾ˺䤱
£ǵ׻򲻴ˣôһֱڵϲɲаɲѽҫջֿǵزɲӰЦ
ĪҪΪԼͻƵ֮ͨͿ޷ˣС֮ʹɱ㣬Ҳܽſռ֮УҫҲ̫ˣ
ֻһŭȣǾ޴ɲӰ˲䵯ֱҫȥҫһԶһЩͬʱһűӰͬӭ泯žȥ
˳˴֮ʱа˴ʥ˷ٺ󳷣Զ˰׿⣬յǵȴɳӰ߲ЩЩԼа˵ĳ뻯֣ԭЩˣϧѾˡ
ڰҫ뾣˴ʮ֮ʱ˫ͬʱһȭǵıӰͬһȭ޴ȭ滥ײֲϯԲס
ЩǵһӾͱɨʮˣûʣ£ŵЩڽӽ˸æɲסŲһСеķٺ󳷡
ҫ뾣ȭԺ֮ʣһԵĿռȻһֱʮ׵Ĵ󶴣Ƕ˵һȭԺնһƿڣⳡǿֲļ㡣
һӣҫľӰɲӰȻ߲֮࣬Լ֮ɫ漴ݺݵҧҧ˷ƵĹҫ
ҫҲɫһ뾣չԺ䣬ΧĿռ䲻ͣѻָһ˲ĳ棬·һϹħƴһĻǾ˵Ըӵĵز
ɾǶ˵ĺս֮ʣǶͷϷǧ֮⣬ռͻȻһ˿Ѻۣ͸һ˿ֲĽ


ʮ ռˣ֣ͣ
䣡
ߴɻħһӰ֮һ춯صľûΧȺĶĤ飬ٳǿһѪ۷ŵ׹ȥǱ˹ȥ
ǰҫ뾣֮Ĺʵڹڿ񱩣ྡྷ˾ͷ·ʮһޱȣЩ뻯Ĵ߿Գܣɳ񾳵߾ûɾˣֻྡྷҲҪǵ
ʵҲѣ˱˻ιȥ֮еĳѾʼȥǵ֪֮Ҳ֪ʲôʱʲô£ϾڶѾɵڵˡ
ʱҫ뾣𼸺ɱۣ˵ıӰͣײԺ䣬յǵм֮һǶ˸ΪƽأĿ꣬С֮·ըһƵģΧһȦʵĳǽĿӿݣʵǲĿ
Ȼһ죬ҫһƺɾǰһ壬漴߸˫ƵһӣԼľӰͬж֮£ɵâƥϸǾޱȣâ֯˷Բǧ׵ľ룬žԼɲӰѹ¡

ۼâɫһ˷һֱ浶âֻ˫צ˦צ糱㼫侫׼ÿһצӰֺܷץסâ˦ʱ侣ԼɲӰ·˿һ㣬ǰâ֯ɵĵӲ˺˲ɾҫһбǿƿ
ɲľ𣡡
ǧһ֮ʣҫһв˲У̧һ̤Լľ𣬾ӰӴĽƷ£ֲȾܵĿռһϸܵƣһŵľһɽܸ̤ƽˣȻδȷԽѹݳ׵İۣ֮֮ͣǿǺš
ȡ޲ս޵У
ߣҪƣ㣡һŭȣҲǴĿˣ̧һȭ˳ƺɲӰļӳ£һȭĦſ֮Ŀռ仮һƬѺۣ֮ǿܼ֮ɲӰǾ޴ȭ棬·Ҫռһ㣬ֱĺҫ
ɲľө䣡
䣡
һ춯صľ죬˫ȭཻ֮ʱ쳹أɢϯԲǧףڰҫǾӰĽ뾣ɲӰӴһ˲䣬һԵĿռ͵ѣһֱʮ׵ƿڣһྡྷȻ˿ռ䣬ԶΧ۵˿ĳޱȡ
ռѵƿ˸һɫ⣬һǿҫ뾣ԼǵıӰڲȥڶ˶бӰӳ֣ڱУĻһ˱ƿڲô´Ҫա
Ϊǿռ컯֮ǲܴڲƿģԣҫ뾣Ƿǳأ˾ƴ൱һԶ⴦ռƿڡ
˷ֿ֮ǴռƿҲ޸ϣֻǶβûȹǻעű˴ˣ
£Ҫ˰ҫҪлȻҪͻƵ֮ͨҫ뻹ҪҵĹ⾰ǰҫӲʱ䣬ҫڴлˣҫ΢΢һЦȭһ񣬿˵
ĻǰѾòУΪаĸϲŭɫ¯࣬ʹдŭȴԵúƽ
԰ҫķ̣ȻһЦڵҫ츳ֲ֮ȷǱ֮ʦƷɣҲ㣬ǣԼͻƵ֮ͨԸǵĻǺܱǸϾҪΪˣΪδȫʵأ
һ䣬һǸߴɵɲӰͻȻͷХһɻɵɲӰǡ
һϢ֮󣬻ɢֻɲӰһʵףʹԭİɶС֮СˣƱøǿˣаϢҫеѹ֡
ˣһ֮۷֣ʱҲŸոͻƣкܳһξ룬ܴѾܲˣҪΪԶˣǾʹشҲҵѹ׹ûأ
ҫа룬ȫΪľвûв˿ľ£Լ˫ƣҲδûʤ㣬ǰҫսʱ̬ˣǿҶ٣δӣɣһսʤϣܶǿȴ˵
ҫһ˫һ̯һŰƴСİɫһֱ߿ĳŸһ֣ܵĿʱޱȣԲڵĴؾȻʼѿɼ¶֮߿ֲ˫ƴ
Ҳǰںüƣֻ΢΢·˫ƽչ˫צɫֱ棬ֻʮɶߵɲӰҲͬĶһӣ·𱬷ʮһͣδԺޱȡ
ɾ˫㣬һ۵²֮ʱҫ뾣Ķͬʱһͬ˵ĻǴͬС졣
֣ͣ񻹲ƴʱСҴıĪҪ֮öʹ볤ȥӦ㣬ѰҫŸаǳԳ޼֮ڣó޼Ļ˵ͬʥּһ㣬𲻵òջعֻܾʹ˰ն
ҫְͣɣһȥɱɱ˾˵ֵǿɳܲʱ֣Ϊɣ
һ䣬ҫ͵һ㶣⻰ϤĺܣԼװĵĻѽôһ˵ҫҲһոնĿˣҲû뵽һ㣬ԼĸѵļʱԼȻɴ
֮ҫҲջأϵͬʱɢֻǶͬʱľٶ˴֮䶼¶ɫĻֱӳԺеģ˭ûԷԺгֵĻ
ڰҫ뾣ͬʱ֮ԶҲǾĪۿ˫ҪʩչУֳʤ֮ʣȻˣ治֪ڸʲô
ҫ󣬶ǰ˴ʥҲ˫Զ˴ʮ׵ľ룬ʵҫ磬Ƿʲôô
ҫһӰջأ΢ЦصǸ״ˣ
һ㶣漴ϲЦտˣôаȻҪˣֻǣû꣬ͻأɢһȦȦռ漴ӰֶаʹеʹԼϻĳ
˸һ֣ҫüͷаʹ󣬵ڶʱС֮ǿߣֱɫӰӦаʹˣΪҲӦø࣬ͷ׷׳˶ߣҫܹоһ֮۷ǿߡ
ʱ̧һָҫ˵ҫҪ㣬һ˰ɣ
һˣǺǣɴҲϰɣھ֮ʣҫǰһȦȦռɢ߻ҪһӣġСĽݷ򸾡˾ͽ
һ֣üͷ΢΢û뵽⼸һˣôҪѰҫŪȥɾˡ
Ҫ֪˾ͽ춼ɵ۷ǿߣ㹻סԼ볤ʣµʹ԰ҫս˵һж·磬ҪĽݷټӽԼ߽ᴦھԵƣֻǳ޼ҪɣӲͷҪȥ
ģհҫұҪߣаµȰ㿼ҪУƳһ۰ģ˵
УҪҵӴߣУֱǻ֮ҽվбʹǰҫԿĳһ˵
ΪҲôѹɤ˫Ŀ絶ɲӰг͵ơ
ҵأҲһڻصͬľӰƴ
˫ţսһ֮ʱ֮ԭѿһ϶Ŀռ䣬͵ı鿪һƽâֱ׹£ת˲Գǰ
âɢȥһԾ˸ֶ˫ĿһǸ߸߹ЦȺ飬ӵĵӶ۸ǰɣ


ʮ ʦԣ
ǰͻȻ֣ڳ˶е㷢£аһһĿɿڴһŵɫ꣬Ƶġ
ôˣ飬Ŷˣǲˡڤڷħ󡯷죬˵ӦӡڿռУŶԣǰɣٺֱЦЦаֱëһҴĿη塣
ʱҫһۣ˵ıһģһǳԾĺܣ漴ͬʱϥأͬͽμʦ𣡡
ܱ֮ⷽҫʦģҲֻһ˲ʸǾǽƷɣⷽҲֻŻһһӵĳƺԼĿͷ
ǺǣҲڣȻҲܴﵽ̶ȣ൱Ĳ㣬ҫӹȻûմ㣬ѾС֮ˣӵĵûӶˣɣٵɣƷתͷҫЦҫʱ֮г֮ɫ
Ʒɣ֮ǰһֱڿռôĿƷɿʵֻû˵꣬ͱƷ̧סˡ
Ʒ΢΢̾Ϣһҡҡͷ˵Сַˣηе㳹ףҲǷ˾ţ֮Ž·ӡˣԺ˵Ƚǰ°ɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷڻصû¾ͺãôɣӦӵԹҪайɣ
ϻƷѹɤӣЦص漴ŭĿԲݺݵĵ˾һۡ
һۣ͵һϢһ˸оâڱͺÿ˵ĲϼһֻҪƷգգ۾ܽ촦
㣬㣬ѵѾָоߵɫ䣬ǰ߻ûܽͰ͵˵һ䲻ĻѾ˵麹ͣ뾣ƺ֪ʲô˲֪飬ͷƷɵϡ
ô˵ʲôƷ罣쳣ı䣬ŵþǳһ£һͽ֮۷ǿ߸ŵòᣬʵڰҫУ쳣Ļȡ
ҫ߬߬ȭͷзһԼҲҪﵽƷɵĳ̶ȣԼһߵ˽죬׷ϵĿƷɣʵСʱе㲻룬ڶ˵Ʒɵĸ߶δңɼ
ʱֳһƬа˾ôηηĿƷɣƷҲͬ΢ЦĿаˣҲ֪ʲô֮Ѿа˱ƵĿҪˡ
Ʒɣ߰ҫԼʩչڤڷħаµ˼ҲֻǷ£ӦİɣһסƷɣڵ
ƷһЦӯӯĵ˵ͷģеĴʯһ룬˵ƷɣӦҲ֪аڸʲôôҲΪԺȥ룬ɥ֮Ȯ翹һأɹˣպٶأһѵ㲻ô
Ʒ˫Ŀгһ϶к⣬˵ǰҵɰ׳ôɹаΪĳɹѹⷽȥһӮĶľ֣гɹĻǳɹԺأΪҲ֪а̳ʲôҪ˵ô
һڳ˳Ʒ뾣ⶼסе㲻Ʒ˵ʲôʲôѹⷽȥģʲôа̳ʲôΨҫüͷ˼ʲô
ˣǵ뷨һʱ޼֪Լ뷨ж޴ڣӻûиıעǰжԶԶϢ֮ڻߣǾͶˣ
Ʒһ˫ĿתͻȻһ̶ȴ˸еһĪĻţͺԼʱ޿в·ʧ֮ԼҲһͬʧ
һ˲䣬а˽¶֮ɫǷ·ʲôֲ飬˼򿪿ռͨƵ˽ȥֻʣһҧأƺԥʲô
޼뷨ȷģôȥִаɣһǾ仰һѡ֮ôǺǻҪԼȥܣҪԹҪҽڣΪѡڣӵ֪ô£Ʒɿԥľƺ룬˵
ݺݵҧҧƷһȭ漴һִ򿪿ռͨȥа߹֮Ʒɵ̾һ漴˫ĿһͷҲص˵ҫ׼һ£δһаġ졢ȥһȻҫͬ£Сӷȥˣ򣬱ⷽصһ٣
ƷɵĻеãȻȻˣô޵µʵҪаñ̽ȡַӾܰаΪƽأΪʲôҪǵȥаʮֵĲ⣬ɽһĻԭڡ
ֻƷɵͷд˵ʲôĵ֮ĻһӾȻ۷ֱ˹ȥαֱ׹棬һ¿ŻˣҫӦһƷɽ¡
֮ΧƷɰŪ˺ð죬ûа취ѹƷɴʱ״̬ǳ֣ƽȣû˿ƴڣɾѲ˯һ㣬˷ѽĺܣʵΣֻܸŰҫذ˲칬Ȱٴӳ顣
а˵ˣǳʵܵûӰˣЩ֮ǰЧаҲǶأ±ҫ˷ˣҪ֪֮ǰվ˶ӣҫ˳˶棬˼Ҫ˾칫صҲǰ
οƷɻѽƷɻǳģ㶯һ£ɱȫҵԸҪˣǱȻһȷѪ꣬ڲӸʱ
ֻʣˣνаʵյ֮ǰڰҫ뾣Ĵս֮»֮һҲٳΪ˵ĴӪ
ο˭֪а᲻ͻȻԼڶ֮£յǣȻͶҫϾºóҫİ˲칬˵ʵĿɽ
ڰҫǰԼ뷨ҫҲȻӦһһۣа˳ɢ֮Ͼֻʣҫİ˲칬аһˡ
ʱƷɻԹȥʱ򣬾֮ƷԭƿռǴڿռУעŰҫˣָָ۲ͣ
ǵ۾ƺܿռ֮Ŀռϣҿռеƺ𲻵κãɨҲֻǴûнǶ֤˵ǿʵƲƷ֮£ǵ˫ҲһֱƷϡ
ߣᣬȰӪȻڤ粻飬زٵĳͷһ廪ĸ߰һ˵
ߣһ£òͨ꣬ôߺٺֱЦڵûõܳͷðֻǰ׷ѣʱ䵽ǻѹʱرԸ񣬿µһͻ˵ģ㲻°
˫ۻһüǸ߰ͷ­ˣʵ¹˭Ϊ֪
ô˵СĵãһʵףҲŹŻĵԹһο´Ȼû˵ô׶Ըģ국ȻһЦ˵
أȣǿƳһ̧꣬Ħ°ͣһؿڵ忪ɣǿҲҪ֪֮
΢΢üɫƺе㲻̫Ļص˵ôǿȷ
΢΢һЦ˰˵ȷȷԺ˵ʱ䵽ȻҪһȻȥɣأ
ԣɫһ˵ͷվж࿴µƷɼۣ漴ǻһʧڿռ֮С


ʮ 飡һã
պ󣬾Źɽ̨ҫңǿգ̾һ΢΢ҡͷǰԼֵæĹǺ
аһ֮ݳ״ңаɨ֮˶һɱ⣬һЩǿӲֱȮӶЩԸ׷ǰ˲칬Ѱӻ
ĵ¹ҫЩɥ֮ȮһҲ൱ʴȣ߲ܣȻһЩҪĵ鹤ҪеģһЩаļϸǾ͵òʧˣӶڸҶĵæûһ
Ϊפ°˲칬ڵʡ֮زˣϵķǳѣҪ֪Ȼа£ݽ֮н˳ɵ齵ʣɶൽզ࣬Ѿӽ֮࣬ݬ룬аɣʲôС
һ࣬ȻҲͶˣϾֻô࣬˶žŹɽһ㣬˴֮£ҲûǳӣĸµҶŭޱȣҪǰҫѾ˳ȥԻЩͳͳϳȥ
󣬻ǰҫ£ҫİ취ܼ򵥣Ǿǵס£Ǿסºˣڵǧ֮ٳһ͵¶УЩҲʱȼü֮
˵ѣϾص׹ޱߣ취᲻ᱻаʶƣӵصͻϮǣ֮ء
ǣҫҶ̸۴£߳ŵǿһϵеĳǿȾ뻯Թ룬ǣԴϽһǳֲģҪ֪ڰ˲칬ԴԸǾиԣġ
ǣҪص׶ҲͬŹɽβƣôҪĵԴһ֣Ҷ뷨ǣûҪΪЩǰͶôࡣ
ϴ󿪷֮ѾܲˣҪźźǣûǸҪ뷨ǸҶеƣ˼Ǹǵ̾סĻ͹ҲǷʲôΪ㰲źһС
ҫȻҲʲôѾųȥˣ˲칬ӭκǰѰӻΪԴ⣬Ҳ̫ʡ
ҲѲҫȻԴǾЩˣ׵Ķ࣬סľͺãǿҲбϣ׵٣ϯض˯ˣȻʵȴЧʣһЩǰͶһӾ뿪һ롣
ȻҲΪԼ޴ľٶӦеĴۣνеãΪһʱĲᣬõֻл
Ҫ֪ݵϣ˰˲칬һĶֵ֮⣬е̶Ѿаƿ֮Уοаųӵ˲칬齵ֱ档
Щ뿪ֻԶǰ˷֮ˣҲ߲̫ԶΪаȻ뿪˲칬ʡ֮غ̽ǽڵа൱ķ񣬾һͷ˵ķޣ˲¹ͷ
ҲˣЩóϷԼоԴȡһƬ֮ΨһһƬ֮أǵĸҲлرģҫҲǲİǴһƬ
æµգۼţҹҫƲһ⾲̨֮ϣֻΪһҪ£ǾǸԼĸסԼǿǼλ۷ǿһ£а
ҫʲôʹô˵Ϊǽһ£ǰһİҫļ΢Ц
ҫЦһҡҡͷڻصûʲôֻǷԼһ·Ȼߵһе̾ѡ
Ҳѹְҫĸ̾뽭֮ʱ뵽ԼɾͣԼʵѾλе۷ǿ֮һԼ齨ͬҲʮ󳬼֮һ˵İҫҪѾ۷ˣж֪
İҫֻһûڹķһе۵µˣ˵ȥδ˻ţʵˡ
ҫһ·첻أֻԼǼᶨƵԼ̬һһӡߵ˽죬Ҳϸôﵽⷽص۷֮ĶͱȻлر
ҫô˵Ķ΢΢һ̾Լڶ֮ܳһʵԼûи̫İеĸûô裬ԼǷҫ̫ˣҲɵ
ǸӦԼ׵ҫ΢΢һЦο״黳̫࣬ҫĶӣһӶǣӾӦʳТǣӦȡġ
΢΢һ㶣һ΢ͳ˵ҫΪĽΪôӣޱԺ
һЦָ֮꣬һԵĽҲȾˣ԰ҫ˵֮ûʲô˭Ƿ˭ԼʹٻҲԼףѪԵϵʵûıģԼܹ¾Ǹ
ȽһЩʱҫˣοȻûиʲôʵԵİǶԼǷݰȷʵڵģһĬĬԼĸףҲҪȥʲôˡ
ôͿʼɿӣ᲻̫˵㰡
ʱһЦܴ֮漴ռɢӰ֮߳󣬰ҫǰһ˱ȭһ΢Цҫ˾ͽʥǰǰ
𸮵˾ͽ죬ڲµ׵ʥԼ񶼵ԪףЩǵܴǰһãҲǻԵ¡
ֻǣҫ֪ǣʵġĽ˾ͽ졢ʥ𵱳֮ʱҫǵ࣬ͬнεա
ȻҪټһƷɣԼĪƣйȥһλͬҲǰһСŶӣǧǰҲһ֪ȵģȰҫ˵İ˲٣ֻǺΪĳЩ·Żᵼ±˴˷ֱ
Թʥ˵֮󣬰ҫаϲϸĿ˼ʥϲ˵ʥǰˣҲ֮ΪҲǼ򵥣ֻǵΪҪԺòأ
ʥһЦڵǸʱ󷨸ԼԪӡǵϵûԭڣ⼸һҲ㹻ǰʱ󷨣ͬʱôȥɣ
ʥЦݣҫҲһϲ˵ͷ΢ЦǾ͹ϲʥǰ
ѽҵţ˵ֱŤģұѦⱲ㸸ͬͽһѦɣһѦȣʥԱ漴Űҫļ򣬶ͦģ˵Ļȴǲҹά
ڰҫ΢е֮ʱû֮ʣѦͱһŸ˸ʺߺݺݰһۣڵܲиΣǿˣģҪ
Ǿ£ӶڲǰҲҪĺòãѦһӷ֮һƨɣһţƺеӡ
Ҳתͷҫ΢ЦСһƷɻǰ㹥аʲôʵļƻô
ҫ΢ЦͷڵƻһҪλǰһ꣬ϣλǰߴͽ̣
Цŵ˵ͷڵ˵޷
ҫҲǵ˵ͷһڵҵļƻǡ
պ󣬹ɳĮҫɳ֮ϣǰһ޼ʵĻɳ˲ĸоһȣȻܵĻǳӣҲǸߴʮң߲һӾҪˮǶ԰ҫľΪ˵ǲʲô
ҫ磬ܳɹվ𣡡תͷҫڵ
Ҳ̫Ұٷ֮ٵȷߣܻȽϺ˵ҸҲһ֮ԵĸͱȽѲˣһǳ̱Ůˣ̫˵ѽҫƳƳ죬ڵ
ʱҫ֮أ˷е򣬱ݽ֮Ϊ⣬ҪȥĿĵǽһľ塣


ڶʮ ɳĮӣ
ɳĮ˷һյأ˵طԲԱɳǣֻкᴩɳĮܴﵽפأǡ
˵ɳĮһѷɫޱֵ׵յأճڰٶϣ֮شݲˮ档
ѰûסһӱᱻˮֻΪһ߸ʬȻջҲһңǾԲᳬһ֮˼ӡ
ɳĮյǣ죬ɳĮ֮лʱʱıܽ񾳸˲ٳ޵ĵɷħҹ䣬Ϯһû뻯Ϊͬ
⻹ֻǻϵգ˵ɳĮ֮УߴСѪڽħʹˡĴڡ
ĴռҲ޵һ֣֮ǿǷڳҺ׾ٵĶг񾳸֣͸˶СֻħʹҪѰʮ࣬뻯ĴˣǶҪĶӡ
ħʱʱıʱʱɨҪߴ֮УĴ޵漴֣֮ɳĮͻȻϮɳĮʵ֮ʵ飬˵ضếӶݡ
ȻɳĮԱ˵һ֮أǶ԰ҫ˵治ʲôҫС֮ǵµ۷ǿ֮һʵɱͨС֮ǿҪֹ߳
Ҫ˵ⷽס߶вĵطҲֻпռˣɳĮûʲôɼɵģνħ׶ľ˵ǲֵһӣĴռҲܽ׵Ļɱ
Ҫ֪ĴǿҲֻǾǧ޶ѣҫڵʵܹʮ࿹ģֻҪСĴ޵ĶعҪɱ԰ҫ˵ѡ
ɳĮһյ׵أ㲻٣ҲֻԶԣ˵˿ɰвʵʵﵽĳ֮ʱ֮޴ȥã˵գͥԾȥ硣
ڰҫΪʲôⲻë֮أΪҪȥĴӪǡΪʲôҪȥأΪҫҪ£ԼߣҲаƻһ֡
ǰļսаƺǸãһۣ󳬼ˣֻǾаĹϵе㲻岻ǰͷǺϵ
ڶ෽֮󣬰ҫŻȻʵһǳɣеɱֻ֯ҪԵ棬ΪκԼҲǾ仰Ǯƣ֣԰ҫҪа֮ǰ£Լߡ
ǰҫļƻ߱˷֮أ˷֮صȫ£ѩѱϷ𸮣Լħ׼ңѾǰ϶վԼߡ
Ͼҳˣҫǧ˿ƵĹϵҪǸܵģټƷɵУԼ͸аųԹιаȻȫԸ
ðҫеǣʥѦȻ˵ĿɽʦүҲ°ҫѦǢ̸ʱλѦͽﱲĴ}˵ֱӴӦ
ŵҫպ󹥴аʱ˽㳲ֱаΪֹҲǳѦ飬ĻҪ˵ҲûôףѦҲˣúýЩͽˡ
ǰҫĵڶվ£壬£ɲǰˣǰǵʮ󳬼֮һһǳǰ֣Ͼλ֮۷ǿߣĸ
ҫ˵һֻޣϹʮ֮һһֻͲö֪ˣˣʵǿᣬҫİ˲칬Ҳǲضá
ҫҲ׼岻ϸԼôڹа֮ǰҫһ
ȻΪԼãҲվаߣⳡаսۣȻ൱ţҳ˱ǰҫ뿴ġ
Թʱҫ˾ô֣ɳ֮ϣ˵Ц·ڹ仨԰һڣеɷħͻȻɳ³Ҳᱻҫ֮
˾ôйţתۼѵƻ裬Ȼ˲ɳĮеһ裬Ҫ¶ɳĮ˻ǲ̫ԸģǰҫɱɳĮ֮УһĹ򣬶˱㼲ǧأǰڳһģСĿջ
ڹɳĮ֮УջǷǳϡٵģϻʮң￪ջı൱ľˡ
Ȼ⽮֮һҶ󣬵ҲûڣֻǾڹɳĮеĿջռ֮ʣµ֮һǽȥӪϾ˼ҲҪҲҪеôˣȻǲϾɱġ
ڵСд£ҫ˿ջڵĴ֮УҲ࣬ۼһ죬žƣ̸Цţҫ˳ֵʱֳʱ˵ĿⶼˢˢĿ
ǵľգǰȺϴǸԵĲУڳ˶ǵɴ˫ֱۣĿ΢΢ſ͹ӶһأѾʧȥ˼ôĶš
ҫȻѾϰĿ⣬ô˵ǣ߽ڣڵСһλһЩԵģ㿪ʼ
ҫ֮ǷܵģʱҲһ̾ģλԭѾûϣͬʱҲֻܿҶ
Ϊйڣ⽮֮κˣԼŮӣж϶ܣĻ˭ʲôıԻᱻԣҲΡ
ȻģǻģĳЩǿԲѹصһµģ˵ʱҫ꣬Կ߲ơ
λҼҹȥһ𣬽ύһ͸ɣߵߣҫһۣЦеĿڵ
תͷķֻһ뿪ŵż֮Уһ΢ЦĹӣ˾ٱʾѺá
Ӧǽĳүżδ󺺣Լλ˫Ŀת߿ԿݷǸ󣬾Ͳ֪ûʵѧˡ
ǹһ֮󣬱Ťͷٶ࿴һۣĻصǸûȤҹӽύɣ
ô˵ɫһ䣬Ǹ߸𣬴ŰвĿڵСˣȰ㻹ʶȤ㣬ԹԵĹȥҼҹӺȱƣҪͷʲô⣬ҿɲұ֤Ŷ
ŶܳʲôⰡҫͻȻȤЦеʵ
죡û˵ķݣʶľ͸ҡ
أ
껰û˵꣬ҫ㲻䷳һ֣֮һͺ֮ϣ˸ӵż䡣
һĻżڵ΢΢üû֣żѾ̧ȥ꣬ⲻӻãһ֮£ǹɿֲĳȻǶһһҵĸ˳ȥֹסȥƣýǰķҳм
ʱӵɫķ·ҪγѪû˵ߵѾȵСǺõҼҹӿͷϴϷػ
ǺǣһڵϹҲǰֱǲ֪νҫЦһҲߣ˵
СǺϷҪúýѵһ£ҳΪҫĻ׼ŭߣ˭֪гֵͷǰһӭһ꣬һֱ߶
һ̧һƴҪ飬ССȻֱӴ͸ߴȻ۰ֱͬӸķ飬ʯںһ󶴣գۼ㲻֪ȥ
һĻڳ˶ˣҲһľ֮ɫʱ˵߶ڰҫϡ
ҫһ˵һĶҲʸҼҳѵңʲô


ڶʮһ Ϊֹĸ٣
һСС꣬ڰҫϾȻֲ˶ʼδģϾҫȥҲʮͷǰװ׾üĿ㣬ϻһֲ̫ǿĸоôز¶Ҳͳ񾳵Ϊˡ
ʵô˵Ԥϣҫʵֲ֮ס˴еˣ֪ӵݣԼߵʵû뵽ҫֻһͷߵһ۰ʵɲǳӵеģҲ뻯ˮƽ
һʮͷ뻯ߣҪôһαװ֣Ҫôĳ˵ֱϵӵܣ֣֮ǡ
Թʱٱ䱬ֱ۵һ˲䣬ȻûӦôĿɿڴĿŰҫһӣһ˺ѷεĲҺŶϱشǹɾʹܳܵ˵ġ
ҫ豭˿裬漴վżȥûһϵɱͻŨһ֣ߵǰʱǹɱѾֲϢ
ѾŵѪɫ¶ɸһּ侪ֵŰҫҫҲץסߵͷٿ˵һСС궼ӲסǷϵˣȻعޣûɱ㣬Ƿ㻹׵ĺܣ
һ䣬ҫҲ߿ĵĻᣬץסͷǵһߵڣϾĽǽĵ٣ߵ°ֻڴ϶ȹˣ֮Ի³Ҳֻܹã˭ɷҪϰҫ
һΪϣټ߶ϱ۵Ĵڼǹǿҵʹһû˳۷˹ȥҫҲһ߶һߣҲ·һ̲һ㣬ڵһ
ҫҲ࿴һۣԹԵߵǹǰ˫棬Це˵λ̨ôҼӺȾǰɣǺãҴҼӸ㻰ǲ飡
һһЦ˳԰ҫ˽⣬һ뵽ʲôϡŹֵĳͷʽҪúõĳͽˣλҪͷˡ
ʱΧЩֵȺڣǻع񣬿ʼ˽ֻ˵ĻͰҫʵΪҫǣȻҫʵǳǿǣôǿҲܵλӵģϾ˼ҵıǿֲĺˡ
Ȱ㣬๫ְɣλүǵﲻѽһߵߣȰ
գգƤЦе˵һﱳܾô
̾ϢһڵλүǾĸֱϵ֮һ๫˻ҪҪǶͷϣǶ˿ǳеѽҪ֪ǿѹͷߣοǾĹӣȰǻǼþհɣ
һ㶣漴üЦĿߣ΢Цͷڵлѣİɣ
߼ƺûнԼĻһ£ֲҿҫҫɢɱԲʮӲǲӣǱҫɱ壬Ӳˣֶ࿴˰ҫһۣҡҡͷ̾һʶȤ߿ˡ
ߵĻȻᣬҫԷȻǾĸãǾ͸ҪúõһˣɲΪԷ˭ĶӾһ棬ҫûʲôµĶ棬ֵϷ˰ҫǷǽѵɵġ
㣬㣬ҪʲôҾ㣬ҿǾĸĵӣҪǸҶҲһĲ㣬ҪԲ˶ߣʱǹĪŰҫͺȵ
ҫǰ˰֣΢ЦûôѽֻȾƶѣɣûжģ
ֻǺȾƶѣһߣ뻯ΣҾ֮£ҲûӺһɰҫĻȴĿɿڴ
ƹģҵľƣһ̳СүҪλֵܣһݣΪֹҫһӣлţһǹӲûӵϻһ̳ȷҪȵĽడ
ʱһΪѵƹ˫֣Цҫߣ֨֨ص˵͹٣Сľеģֻǣֻûôѽ
жٰҳЩеûģǵжپƣĺܣҪ˵ڶΣľǮ
ҫƳһƹ絶ŵƹһ£֮ɨСӣһһŰƱƮƮķɵƹǰ
߽ϸһʱϲЦտȻе˼ǹӵݣаƱ֣Ҳ˲ôˣƨƨߵȥ׼
ûãСһ;̳ʮң̳żݳһѣռ˺ôһطҫô΢ЦǰĹӣָн棬ǹӸеޱȵѹ֡
żľ̳ѳһСɽ֮󣬵СЦܵҫߣֿڵλ͹٣ľˣʲôҪܷԸ
ҫҲǵСһۣ˿ӳȥ֮󣬰ҫһУ̳˽һſϣҫҲ໰ץһ̳֮󣬿ڵ֮ǰ£͵ⲻˣȸһ̳
˵꣬ҫҲȹӷӦ̳ڴڵĹϢĹ򣬾Ͱһ̳ƺȵľ⣬ҫ˻οվ̳ӣһ̳˲仯Ϊɻң֮ץһ̳ƿ֮ЦеĿӣڵʽȣ
ӺݺݵҧҧһҪ뿪϶Ǵ򲻹ҫģԼ񾳵Ϊ߱ڶҫָ֮˹ԼôǰҫĶ֡
ֻǣ뷨̫ˣΪôӵùҫģո뿪λһľʱҫ̧һָһӷ·еһɽѹϣѹصλϡ
ҽôƣһԾߣ᲻̫ˣҪҲǣԣߣҫ˵Ҳ֪ôģȥְѾ̳ľƸ˸ɾֻʱɱѾû˷֮ġ
һ˿Ǿ̳ӣһץ̳Ҫȵʱ򣬰ҫͻȻһü⣬˵ͷڵˣôѽ
һ䣬ҫ˸ָ̧̳һӾͣסˣɫһƬҰףȻķԼĵסˣûȥֽƾĻᱻġ
Ȱô㲻һ³ɣҫָָ̧ɵڵɻԲѵߣЦ
ŵ亹ˣΪ֮ʣͻȻһĻ˵Ķߣ׹ȮʲôԵĵطҲɣݣ£أ
ҫ΢΢һЦ̧ͷݶЦĸ˵ЦˣֻǸӿЦѣĸ¿ɲҪѽ
ЦǺǣЦһ㶼Ц׹һɣ
ٴ𣬰ҫһתͷһֻ΢΢ͷһӣһֱʧڴڣֻȺĿɿڴΧȺԼԭصĹӡ
ȻǶ棬ǸɵӣԼ׳ǰ˽а׹ҲûڵһʱֽɱȻ˼ɡ
뵽һˣһͶصˣ񽭺һĽ֮Ѹٵһ콾˲칬ҫ
ðɣˣ׹ϷˣһͨȥҲˣӲ˲ͷϵ亹µ
ʱ֮ϣҫǶʮ׿⣬ΪһӺݻˣžοˣޱȵŮӣ֮ɫעŰҫ
ĸ£ҫλˣҫͬʱ˱ȭһ΢Ц
Ǿ峤֮һĸ˽磬ǾŮӣ״ӾŻ˳
׹ˣ֪׹˴ǰҽ֮Ϊ£İɣ˽һ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦڵȷһֻҪһͬУԣҫҪ߶һˡ
޷׹ݹ٣ôܵǻؾɣ


ڶʮ ǣԣ
˵⽮֮أڳ˵ֻ۷弶ŻгеƹȨǿȻǲö˵ӵĳУǡ
ռʡ֮ذй滮Ȼ֮زݸģɾΪﵽ֮ͨȫԽƬƶ֮أԼеĳС
ͨԭĸ죬Ƭë֮أӲǱһƬŨˣ羰طֵıأҲ˶ƣӴ
ҫһ֮ҲǸ̾һķĴžεƽεƶ񤣬ڿһЩЦ֮ľǣɱ֮ڵκһҪа
ֻǾȻģɳй滮ȴ൱رڳеһǵѷ죬ѷףʮףȸպôϱߵĳǽͷ·˿⽫л룬⵹ҫĲС
رǣѷֱ˾ĳӺ磬ھǵĶ棬ס˿ӾӶŮӣ֮Ů٣ͬʱҲǸͬķ¥ȽϼӣǸûһƬݻ֮
֮ϣҫµľǣѾ֮ȻԵ͵ìܣҲȻὫнģĵ̣Ƿĸ˽ĵˡ
һаҫҲ쳣ˣֻҲ˵ƣ˼ҵļ£ԼҲܲô࣬ڹ˽Ĵ£ҫ֮󣬵֪ڱչأҪϰ²ܼԷ⵹ǰҫʼδġ
ڹ˽ʢҫͣھǵأҫҲǴӦ˽ԸԼĴӣŻ˳еĽŰҫסԼǻƴ򿪿ռ󷨣ȥǾأɽ
νɽĸÿռһأǾĺڣסĶǾĳϣԼŻ˳ǾĳԱľסأڷǺԱƽյĻ򣬰ҫҲֻھл
ڽӴҫĴһ׼ľˣģѩ׵ļͦüĿ续ӣҺ촽쳣ޣǧ˿Ȼ£ɢһ޵ʣòҲѷֶѡ
ˣǵĻ£ɳھǵκγŪˣ뿪ʱҪ黹ġƳ˰ҫһۣóöͼƵԲλ£ݸҫ˵
ҫ΢΢һЦ˹ܸоƺԼе⣬ȻĪԼϾǿͣҲ˵ʲô
ǰҫǫã´һ·ϻûйʲôɫ˵ʢˣǸ߰ҫʱӣһֱġ
ȻҫƼƽϣȴ̲̬ȣе䲻ˬҪǰҫһֱѹҪѾʳ֣úýѵǰŻ˳
ƴŰҫһۡʱҫصһٹһᣬѹסˣ֮ǰҫڴƽ̸ʱԷǻлô㰵µ˼
һ·ϣ˵˺ܶ໰󲿷ֶڰгҫһô˵ģ׹ӣЩܲСŮӻҪһ£Ǿ壬İ˲칬һһжҪзִУ֮ǰջǷٶòҪ򣬼ʦܲ˵ģϣס
ⷬȼеŭַ·λ߶λߵľ棬쳣ķУҫҲܷУϾǾĵ̡
еǲɮ濴棬ʹ˹˽棬ҲҪǵ棬ͬҲˣҫҲֻˡ
ˣǵסأһ֪ͨǵģסǾǣȻǿˣ˷˹ͬҪܷǧҪΪǳеôڽҫ⴦֮ۡ󣬴ǰɲ
ȥǺģǾӸµ񣬻Ƿ·ѵһĿǣ˵ĻʵǴ̶ĺܡ
ףлѣҫģҫ˱ȭ΢Ц˵
һЦŵ˵ͷ漴תת飬ڵŰ׹ӵʵ֮һǿ֮ˣлĻϣ׹ܲߴͽ̣
ЦˣЩֻǿʰˣ֮ʿҫĸԳǿֻԶһЩ΢ĩˣֵһᣡҫЦӯӯĿ
аʥǰ׹Ķ֣ʵôܱΪ΢ĩأ׹ǫ飬ĪƲŮ֮м½֣˵׹ҾľѧЦͣ˵
ƣƣҫ̵ס̲סˣֻǰһЦ￴Ǻ֮˰԰ҫľΪݵλʹӮҲʣСŮУ֪Σ
ĻǹֱӵģɲĨǣͿƲˬĺܣ˵Ȼǲ棬ֱĴüͷҧɫˡ
ǰɣĴҲ˵˵İǳ˵ãϾСѣǲ˴֮ãʸҽ֣һ˵
ʼ磬һƵĿ⿴ƣЦѧ֮óѧõĺþСܱõĲøѧҲòʲôǲǴ֮õ˵ǿЦ
ŭˣĻģǷĸϯӣŻ˳һӵнƺŵݣ˭ǿͿ֣ʲôʱ̹˫ݺݵĶţһҪƤǵļơ
׹Ҹջ֮ǰǷĻᣬ򣬺ԸƴŴҧгݵ
ΪҪջأҲԼ˵ʲôѽҡͷԵĻص⸱ģڴƵӵˡ
ܺãҾʵ֪ʲôУڲõҧźһһٵ˵֮ʣ˱һɼ产˵֮ǿѹϢ·ɽһɨǰɨ
ʵܲһڲõҪ֪⿿һǲеġЦһo˪Ǽ±ɽһ񱬷Ʊѹ˻ȥܵ˲䶼˱£֮ΧĻ·𺮶һ㣬亮䡣
뻯ôƾΪҲףΪɲѾͷĶ֣ҲãҲǸúúѹһѹˣ
ҫЦͣŮԼǲֵģοȻܿƲĶ֣ȫȥģҪʲô⣬ԼҲת˲佫仯⡣
Ѿͷ΢ѵͿˣϾǼĸӣٻҪһġҫдԳգգƤ΢΢һЦʾԼ
ҫʱ򣬴˫ĿһһֱȥٶҲģգ֮ѵǰ˫΢΢һӰݺύȿͣǴһɼ͵ı֮Ů֮Ȼܴô͵ƾʵ˴۾
ʥ䶥幦ƪ
ơٵأ
ȻƵĹƸ޳Ҳʲôʡ͵ĵƣֻվԭ˿û˼˫ָһ棬ʮϸ緢룬ͨķһּĽǶ˴Ƶţʱ켣ٶȰյǡôȻӲǱƵôǿС
绨ѩ¡ľѩ룡
棬ʵҪʤ߿ҲоԼ֮ʵ࣬кܲһвɣ鹥չս
ʱɽڣĸ˽һһ޴ˮĻŴ֮ս
㲻ãĳƺŰһͳֳԵĻͻȻ˽üͷֱ壬ɫøˡ


ڶʮ Ȩ֮ΰ
ֵļͻأֻˣ֮ڣûмӰԵúء
߿Ǻ˰ȻҲעЩǵЦ֮սͽⵥ΢ĩ߼Цˣ˽һеĲʱѹ£΢΢һЦڵ
Ǻǣӵĸǲϧ˽ֵľ̫٣ʱİղ׼ȷڽ߶߶Ȼŵģٴ
˽ԣ΢΢˵ͷԷ൱пϣڹҲ磬˵ЩԼе뷨ྶͥ
Լʲôã²ȣ̫ߣԼΪȵǿ߽ʱͻԵе㾭鲻㣬Ӧ÷ȥúʱȻиߵĳɾ͡
л㣬ͽлˣˣ֪εĺ̬ΣҲӦǸոɣ˽Ȼʲôʵ
ûոմκ飬ƺԥûеһʱҴ𸴣˵ǻҪٿǿǣñٶȼ졣Դһ˿֮⣬ƽȣûʲôŭļ
˽ƺ˵һҲûֻ̫΢΢һЦҡҡͷڵµȷǿɴСǾ˵Ҳ൱Ĵ󣬾ҲҪһ£ϣܹ£
Ȼܹλģκ˻ãҪʲô˵Ҳ֣֮ͶգϣպλԸһĴ𸴣
˽ȻһЦ˵ͷ뿪ڿʱͻȻͷ˼֮Ǹ߸߹¶һаЦݣڵߣ嵱ֻһλߵķӦûӭжˣ
Ŷĸ˼ƴȨɣǺǣͻȻЦƺԹ˽˵ĻܸȤ
ãʵһ׼׵κҾĳһվߣô³ɹļʽھųϣһݻֶΪأ˽Դ΢΢Ц
ҪЩʲôô˿ʵ
ʲôҪֻҪڹؼʱְֻ̣ˣ˽ȻһЦ˵
ָޣû⣬ʱԳֶԸֻҫҲĿĸһıģʱȨ᲻֦
˵Ļ˽Цݸаֻ˫Ŀ͸˵⣬ǾˮĻЦļƻҪûɲ£Ҫ֪Ҫ赶ɱ˵İ
ⳡʷǰĶȨıڷĸ˽ڰĽţǵĶȻǾλ֮ˣ죬ԼǱȻܵǣİҫ
ڰҫˣ֪ԼѾˣڲõĽ뵽һնı֮УɴʱĿǰλ֮ս
˵ʵڵģⳡսİҫֻ˯ĸоս൱ʣռϷѹƣǰ߶ݲȣ磬мƣڱǱ
һȽϸУȻǲö˵ʲôƻôĵľȥôȻҰճл֮ǡ
ôŮ˾һ㶼֪ǳѾͷɱһٻˣôִ֣ҪѾͷָӮɣƢҲ̫˵ɣҫ̾ϢһҡҡͷСš
ʱڸۡܿΧ˲ָָ㣬ǾǵĶ棬ҲһĻԸϵĻ϶ǾеԵӡ
ǵ֪ҫԱ͵ݣ˳ͻ֮һеΪ˸еǣǴǺεʵֲǲ֪ΪǺ˵ΪԼĸΪƽҲŰĺܣƽҲûѹһĵӣŭͷĸϻҫ˿ûкùӳԵġ
ɵǿƱĽڽڰˣ֧׾òǱ֮ʱһֶֻм˸ǷкãƺڷйԼеԹһ㣬ɼھһܲģԹ
ʱ򣬰ҫĻȻᣬȴɱԽԽΧȺһڶԼͷ㣬Цͣƺҧһֱţɫޱȣɱ·ʵһӿ
ֻ˫Ȼһϣһ֮·ըһ쳹ķһӣƻ±һҫ۵׹âһ˫ͬȾ֮ɫ漴˫һ˫ƻת˫һһͬʱƾ糱ӡˮ¾лһ㣬ǡ
¾ʽһʽӰ޳
ˣҲһɣȻһЦۼӡԽߣȴ˫ָһӣһƬâɨӡʱǧٿף˲ɢΡ
һĻ˶ˣô˫۾ٷ֮ȷȷʵûгֵļ󣬳ֵٶѾû壬ûֵĻ֮ǰһƬâģѵħɡ
Ҫǣӡ֮󣬾Ȼûһ˿ۼĴڣûУֳҲа֣һ֣Ǹе󣬹Уֲ֪٣˸е似
㣬ʩչʲô⣬ôܣҲһָŵòᣬ˵е
ƳƳ죬м֮ɫЦҪǶ㻹ܻڣҪԼŪĶʲôаϣֻΪ̫ţѧǻ۵¶ѡ
һѴƸòУ˫Ŀûֻŭɫֱʣ˫һƣ˫ĻûһӰ֮ɫµı׹â֮ǰҪҫֹ۵֮˫˳ƺ£·ɽصƾĿѹ
¾ʽʽع⣡
Ѫû֪ҵĲడˣҲ湻ˣ͵ɣ̾һεҡҡͷڵ
֮ʣֻ˫̧ͷ趯ȥʵֳ˰ҫ⣬˶ееĶɷ档
ʵһӾλֻ˵ǵΪ˼άӦٶȸĶŻᵼǰһУﶼֱ趯ûʵ趯ֱ۵ٶȿ硣
ƶ׼еĴʱ³һȥ֣ͻȻһ֮ڣһɫ쫷磬쫷֮ڰ֮ɫ㣬쫷һԽƺݺݽɢգ֮䣬еĴƲС
ΰһʽƱ䣡
Ѿͷ˵Żһ¾ͿˣҫĻƮĶߡ
ķӦҲǿݣһ𣬲ڴϵ쫷˲ͣϢɴȴһҶ֪ת˲ŵΰôһˡ
ԭúԵ۳ıƬʱ԰ټƵıƬΧܣֹڰУһ˴ѨѨλֻҪһ£ͻᱻɸӣʱǴ޽˶Ȳ
ƣô˫Ŀ磬ֱĶеĴƣ쳣ı䡣
ңҷˣƼѵ˿ĭ˵в£ӾôңҲò¸߰ͷ­
ҷˣĸֿǰֳΧȺڸĲУλŻ˳ĴƣȻ׿ˣϸһȻˣԼЩƬΧҲֻһ;
׿ڷ֮һִ̧˸ָΧڴߵıƬգۼȫɢΡҲǺݺݵҧҧݺݵĵһгԹ֮ɫεô涪˸ʵǰòУʵһǾûʩչһʩչԻΪģпܽݺɱܡ
ϧʩչʱ򣬹˽ɤȴĶߣƣʱ֣պΪʦΪһֻ֮ǰΪʦ˵ǸƻʵˣȻ飡
ƺݺݵ߬߬ȭһÿռ˲ƣʧǰҫĦ°ͣ߶ţƻʲôƻ


ڶʮ ɽ꽻
ƻ?ĸ˽͵͵ƵĻﱻҫ֪ˣʵӶŮոս֮ʣҫѾڰʩչˡƪ´ˣʲôУܱҫ֪ĸνļƻҫеʮֵĺ档
ҫ˼ͣǸƻʵǺĲУϧһѾˣҲûֱѲļ䣬ֻʱȰʲôĪļƻʱſһߣʲôԼļƻôԺз
ʱⳡսԴսܶգǾһĵû뵽ģҪ˵һĵһˣǴĪһ˵ĳƺҲư˺ü꣬ʱĴҲò⡣
ʵ֮ǿһӵĴţ涼֮ϣ뻯ڵΪսƻҪѷһҲ÷ĸǰ˼档
ɴʱλ֮ȴһòֶҪһͷľɫŮϣ⵹˺治ѣȻڳΧȺҲȽϼʶȽϹģǵϳҫݡ
һӼףǰ˲칬İҫ׹Ͱ׹ķǵʵȴеĻҪǿѽ
һңż񰡣еżʵǿ̨ͣżǩɣ
һӱ׹ߣߣҽк⣬ҿǾľӢӣɷһ𣬶˵һĹ¼
һŮӶ׹ˣĻСŮԸΪūΪ̷
ͣİķ֮ҫʱһͷЩʵѸ㣬ִ򲻵ããȰȰߣǲ֪ðźãʱȺ֮дһȣһ
һô𣿶ɢˣɢˣΧﳳȽȽĳɺͳˣɢˣ
֮ЩΧȺһԴ뿪Χ߸ɾһӰֵҫǰҫһüЦ˳ǰ˵ҲˣڶʱСʤһУеϴţ档
֣òҫŰ湰˹֣΢Ц˵
ȥ滹Ǹͯģһ㶼ûļ治֪ʲôȻһֱͣе㷵ϻͯ˼ľΪֻ뻯ڶѣҫе쳣ɻ
Űҫʩһ񣬿ڵ׹ˣ·ʦ֮׹ǰɽһ𣬻׹
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵ·ɣҲǲʶͲҪ׹ǰ׹ĽңֱӽˣҿҪŶ
΢΢һ㶣΢Цͷڵǰҫ֣¾ͷһ
ҫЦŰļЦŶ㵱ѣ̫ڣ̫ˣֵƣһʹ죡
ҲҫˬʵԸȾЦŵ˵ͷҫҲˬһЦ漴תߵߣϸ˵Щʲôһ㶣ͻȻһɻĿ⿴˰ҫһֵۣ֮˵ͷ
ҫЦеĸ˸Դ˵Сıڰת˲ƶȥǴĿŰҫʧĵطƲƲ죬Сֹ:ҫҰ˶ʲôҪ忪սôˣˣҫ˵ĻӦòġ
ʱҫ°˲Ƶ˾ŵѷ֮ϣֻӡͺһǰʱһɫУһƣҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷֳɵ˽ȥɫ֮ǰȻʡ
ڰҫǰһڰյɽ״еת©С߷Խһ޴ĹĶ˷ֱľʯʯһġ
ɽΧΧʮСһľɽ壬ɽ֮ͬһۡƬռ򣬱ϿľΪһģʵȴſռ󷨽зָ翴ҲŴ˵أȻһĿռ
ҫ֣ҾĴӪɽָָǰƯŵȺɽһԺ΢Ц
ܲĵطŨ˽ʮһпռ󷨶䣬ѹĸĵҲܵҫ˵ͷ޵
һ˿Ĺâ漴չջЦڵҫ֣˵пռû˲ƣǻǷɹȥɣ
ҫ˵ͷ˳ɽȥһ·ϰҫܹо⴦ռĿռƵȷǳǿֹǲ˲ƶѣռľҲǾĸ죬ȥɽûжԶǶȴǷһʱŵִ
ʵҫܹ˲ƵģԭıʾҪȿռ֮ǿܶ࣬νĿռƶ˵𲻵κεãȻףȻ˼ҵĹҫȻҪصġ
˵ִε̵Ĺǰҫ̧ͷ򹬵ǰҶ֮ϣдš֣ҫոأڱ㴫ǵͳֳԵ
ҫСѣһûˣȥæԼ°ɣ
˫ֱȭӦһҫкһȥҫҲûкĿһ޴󹬵˽ȥ
֮Уҫ߹һȣһ֮һ׳ıӰУҫһȭһ񣬿ڵҫμ£
ǱӰתŰҫ΢΢һЦڵҫС񣬵ϷҪϲҫСͻ뻯֮ﵽ֮ͨⷽصĺ֮Уܼ㰡
ҫ΢Цҡͷڵ˵ЦˣҲǻԵ¶ѣֵһᣡ
ǫǺ£ǹǫǾԵ̫ûˣҲһ֮˲칬£ȻֻһСݵλ˵ɲϷպ˵ϷĵطأЦڵ
ĻҲпϣıλ˵ĻǰѰҫͬԴҫҲкøУӸλʵͨеƷĳǷǳӴġ
һһټ޻̸ԣⲻ˵ãһ򿪻磬˸о˴֮ļֵۡۼһģһĵȻƣôϯضҫһ߳һ̸˵
ҫҲֲһĺȾҲϯضѾԻ˷·ʶѣ̸۵Ļѧٵֵ֣ƽ¼ǰ޽ɣԡ
˴֮ĳƺҲСǰתϵܴ磬Ͳûеˣν꽻ˣӶǻϲıпԿ꽻Ҳǲɡ
ƹѲ˹ζ˳Ժһ֮ĳҫ⣬ڵϸ磬СܽǲǲҲһϣϸܹȫСܰ
ˬһЦŰҫļ򣬿ڵϵʲô£ܿڱǣϸľƴǣ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵȻϸ˵ʵڣСҲҴˣСϸа
һɫʱ˵ϵܣ㲻ǿЦɣȻϵܵİ˲칬ȷ죬аûеô򵥣Ҳϸ˵ֱӣҪаӲӲĻҼһ𣬶δǶԷһ֮
ҫЦݸˣ˫Ŀתֱ쿪ڵΪаĲ򵥣ҲҪϸϸпģκаɲֹңʤ൱ĸأ
ŶϵܣбΪôҪ֪аͨ۷ʹ£ҲδʲôʵԵãϵӦñ˭ɣ̾Ϣһҡҡͷڻص
ҫһЦڵҵȻϵûյ̣յʱ͸¶ϸҲܼʤ͸ˣϣϸܸһȷĴ𸴡
ҫһ䣬ü˫ָͷʼⲽûã̧ͷҫ̾һڵϵܣҪʧˡ


ڶʮ ѡ
ĻؾҫҲգֻЦӯӯĿʵϸڹ˼ɷĸǱô
˰̾Ϣ⻹ֻС£ĸ߲㶼ң֮ǰаǷĸţз飬ҵģֻǵһ¡
ҫк棬ʵϸ絽Ǻǳ˵ϵһͬꡣ
쳤̾һа˵ǽϣСϵܣֻһȭϸҾ岻ݴǣֻǾҸǵѪһѾǵˣϣڽ
аǿ󲢲ֻǱħʹʥô򵥣ϵܣ˵ɥܼᵱ񽭺еĳܸаһƴ֮Ļֻ·һ
˵֮󣬰ҫҲΪȻĵ˵ͷҲǣҪ˵аҫҲûʮʮİգҲûӹаԼôѾðˣҲǿ˸Լðͬա
ʵҫ̹ףѾԼˣ˼ҲпԭϾⲻһ˵飬ǹϵδǲֻܲǰҫҲľôظһ£УҲֻˡ
ϸ磬뱣ܵģҲò˵֧ҵѩѱ𸮡ħ׼ҡˣ˵ĿɽʦʥҲسͬһ֮ڲõĽҲпܱ£սܹаΪôҫһ˵
һʱʧɫ漴ҡͷ̾ڵϵ˳ֵ׼û뵽񽭺ʮ󳬼Ȼܱ£аеһƴˣ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵֻеһƴ㹻ϸľܼôͻʤˣȻϸĹ˼Ҳ⣬ֻϸûаֻϣõݶô
һüͷаҰֻǿ׼֮ضôɵӶ֪ǲܵģݣôһĿȻ˷ĸʱ򣬾Ҳ⡣
ƺǱԼĻȾҫаһϷ˵ҾоųɾŵĿԣа֮һĿȻ˷ļڲ϶Ըаʱ¾һнˣϸ磬ԥƸһأȹʱϸ׷Ī
ҫһ䣬üͷĸˣ޵Ŀܣ漴̾һڵϵܣٿǿǣϸӦڱػһĴ𸴣հɣ
ҫ˵ͷֱӾܾĻشѾǳˣԼҲ治ܱƵ̫Ǳ˱ȭڵϸ磬ϵϣؿǣֻǣܳ벻ɣϵܶϣϸ粻ҪͶаǱߣΪϵպаȻһս治ϸΪа
˵꣬ҫͷҲ뿪ˣֻ͵죬ҫ֮߳ҡͷЦúúˣû뵽Ҿ廹ˣаʹаϵܣĺѡ񰡣
ҫصۡʱѾҹˣȴû˯ŰҫһĻҲҫǳжԷ֮˫סϸЦӣ๫أ磬ްɣ
ߺ죬֮ǰҫҪȸΪʲôôòŻ˵ĻϴŶ
ҫƲƲ죬ſߵ߸Լ˱ˮɤӣ֮ԼĶԻԭԭظһ飬˵ʱȴǵͷ˼
ҫ磬Ҿ֮ԾܾأͻȻ̧ͷҫڵ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ѯʵΪʲôô˵֮ǰڸϸ罻̸֮ʣҵһֱţҸϸ⣬ֻһЩ˶ѣûڰ
˷ۣε˵ҫ簡ЩʱͦģЩʱôתأ㣬ھʶ˰
ҫָصɽ벳жϽֵģټϸĸܹҲ߰˸˰ɣ
˵ͷ˵Կʶôˣôȥ˭˰˵ˣ˵·ô
ҫüڵ˼˵ʲôڣϸûֱӻشңԲԥҪҪֱӴң
ʼ磬ڻص˾Ųʮɣ԰ҫ֮ǰԸ˵ԥҵ˵Щ£ʱҲԥʵԥҪҪ뵽ߣӦԥǸ֪ԼľģԲŻ˵졣
ʱҫüͷĸˣò˵ķҲеֻǷѣûƾʵݣҫҲȷһǷ˵ǰ㣬ʱеһͷ
ˣǾ͵ɣʱһзˣ֮ǰ֪ͨϴǹʲôʱܵҫ˦˦Դʵ
ֵ̧˵촽Ƿģĺܣ漴ڻصϴȥˣܡߵܡ˵ǻϹͬʱһǴ˵ʮӦù˰ɣ
ҫ΢Цͷڵţ㹻ˣҲֻԷһѣϣǳְɣ
к濪ڵҫôͻȻˣڲܿģȻССӪһаʲôèڣǿǺΣյأ
ҫ԰˰֣ЦûʲôֻǶһЩ׼Ǻõģˣǲغõ㲻Ҫ˸ˡ
ҫ˵Ҳֻεĵ˵ͷҫ˸漴ֲĿЦӣʱˣҪأ
ŰҫƤЦģһӾͺ쵽˲Ӿȥǽޣĵ˵ͷѽ
ʱ˿̣ɽڣڴⲽšһŨüƺʲô߲Զ΢ЦĹ˽磬Ҳô߸ͣ
죬Ҳ㽹꣬Ǿ˵һѵĻᣬ߿ԿаµĳⰡ˽΢Ц˵
ͣס˽Ų˽磬˵磬ҹִͬƾҲоǧ֮ˣڼ޵еаȻƽµȭɼһսҲûʲôİ
˽΢΢һЦڵԣǲҪǣǸİɴ˿ɼǾаҪĴڣպһսʤǾĺôҲȻСɲֻƽôأ
˽а΢Цҡͷڵûô򵥣ν黢аҰֲǲ֪Ҫ˵壬ϵܺҪȸаҪ˷ĵĶࡣ
˽üһƣЦ˵Ҳе»ǽɣϹۣǼҫаκһû
һ䣬˵ͷͷ˼һᣬ漴ǰһ˵ҾˣҾ˲칬ȫչа
컰֮ʣ˽˫Ŀ͵һĨɱʱһЦ֮У£ξǻƽٲĵز
üƳһԵĹ˽磬漴תͷõһ򣬿ڵߵ£ô˻˯͵δе̫˰ɣ
֣ô֣ô㣬Ƿǲ֣˲磬ϣֻиһ;ھͲҷ
ͻȻһ˿ĸоΪ˻Թ˽УһӣֻеԼһʹȻǹ˽緢ˣеʮֵĺȻԼʵȻ˽͵Ϯͻ᲻ܵ顣
͵ϮĿɲֹ˽һˣ͵Ϯֵһ˲䣬õĽ͵ķɳһɫӰת˲Եǰ˫صӡ֮ϡ


ڶʮ ʽ⾳ݣ
峿ҫ˸磬һҹ´棬ҫе쳣ܰһ·Լô꣬ճɾһأԵз֡
뵽ҫЦ˳漴ԺʩչѧĳѧʮҪûѧڣҫ֪϶ٻˣ԰ҫƽҲûһվ뵡ÿ춼ǹϣʽ϶úõһ
ʵҫĹ뾳ǹˣȻʮδɣٶĵҫǶģȻʱ﹦뾳ûͻƣǾѧʽ϶õ˼ˣĶʽʩչҲ쳣ĵӦ֡
Ҳˣҫû˹еĻԼʽǱҫʩչһ⾳Ȼҫδ޾ԣһһʽתе㿴ɽɽˮˮζ
νĿɽɽˮˮ˵еˣʵڽлôһ˵ֻǾѧʽϣҲǴϹΡ
ֱǡɽɽˮˮԼɽɽˮˮġɽɽˮˮ
νĿɽɽˮˮҲʽϵļ£˵ͨһǽʽʩչ쾡£ԣÿһÿһʽиɻʽʩչѴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ɽɽˮˮǵʽﵽ֮󣬲һֱ仯ʽԭʽֻǴ֮ȴǧֱ仯һзУʤĸоʽѾͻ˹̶⾳
ҲѶġɽɽˮˮʵʽ⾳ﵽ̶ȵʱҲͲҪʲô仯ˣʽѾﵽ豹޼֮ÿһжܴﵽԼ棬ԼƷĴ֮
ʱҫʩչʽʱ򣬾ô㡮ɽɽˮˮζơʽÿһдı仯ȥԭʽȴǳһǧʽأʽĶֻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʵš
ҫ磬ôһô㣡
ͻȻһЦڰҫĶߣ漴Ʒ𣬰ҫ΢΢һЦԼλӻ˭ͷҲصһƴƷǵûеĸͣһɼᾢİ˹켣
ҫһȻɾʮ㣬ϧԵҪɾŮ֮˵ǹھ£ֻ˫ֻһ磬΢һǣһԭҵİȥƲҹ켣Ҳø׽׽˳ƶΪҫжòд֡
ֻɾȻϧڵİҫʽϵȻѾһ־磬ֻһأ˫һȦһͬһİһ
漴ƺȥƣɸ˵ĸоצȭָƵָȭǿĿɿڴعʱԼͷųİѾҫС
ѾͷŶҫ̯߰öͭڣ漴Цӯӯߵǰݸ
ԴЩ˻ȥִһֹŹֵһ۰ҫڵҫ磬ոһô£ֻһУΪʲôҵĸоʮֲͬʽҴԴʽô
ҫͷһãȻĿڵҲ֪Ϊʲôֻ֮ǰʱ򣬸оʽ˲ãȻˣ
ĵ˵ͷЦҵܴأҵİҪֱ仯ԺҫҪдŶ
ҫЦΪ򲻸ҲӰ
ԿֱЦڵˣƶ죬˵£ԸΪ飬ָô찡
ҫ̯̯֣ڵûô찡ʹ˱ֱȥ£ϸҪ治ǣҲǿԺǾһһˡ
˵ͷҪ֮ʣ֮ͻȻһƬĺХоŮܹʮˣΪһһҴм׹£ڰҫ˵ͷ֮ϣʮŮǾľŻ˳ߴͷǴ档
ͬʱӰӿռֱ߳ҫˣΪŭĹ˽磬һһҸվһ׷ߣһһ̬ӣڰҫĸ֪֮£߾ȻС֮
ɱڵģҫһۣɫһƱȻ߲ƣ˫΢£ȻҪֵ˼
ҫȴǳ˰ʾҪ嶯ǰһŹ˽籧ȭһ񣬿ڵĸ£Ҳʲô˼
ʲô˼ҫ֪ʣ㶾Ҿ£Ĳкͼ֮ݶˣ£еĴһȵ
֮ʣһɳҫӵİһĻε̾ϢһŮ˻ǲ֪ߵغľ͸оԼҫ֮Ĳô
ţΪҹڹ˽İͻƵ뻯۷壬ֻ֮ͨʣһ֮ң൱ĻΪԼ˰Ѱҫ£ڽȻҲͱˡ
ҫߵʱ򣬰ҫƲһۣۼһƺҫ׼ƣһȦһᣬԭֱɢ˴Ƶ漴һƬĿռס
Ƶαڰһָˣδ߶ռ֮ûһľ֮ɫҫ
ҫбֵ¼£аӦУȥҲ»ƺݺݵҧҧȵ
žܣҪаʦõҲаˣ۽ǳȻλоŻ˳֮ף⴫ȥŻỵ˾ҫ˫ĿһעŴ
ˣ
ʱǰĹ˽̲סˣֻ̧һӣӿԭɨ֮󣬺ܹˣȻҫ׺ޱȣԼҫ֮Ĳ֮࣬ǰǸ浴Ȼ޴档
˽أȴǰԼͽܻǲ򣬶ԼҲˣˣһ¿֮Ҳ͹ˣԼְƽҫڿɺãæųȡһء
ĸ£һǲ˼¼Ȼ쵽˶֣Ӧȥ׷ײǣǻµĶ֣Ǿó֤ɣҰҫɲԴУƽ޹ʵݣ
˽Ƴһ۰ҫ˵峿֮ʱǳͻأĶԣһӴˣոʱ֮࣬Ժһ٣ҫɷǳĴ󰡣
ֻǻô֤أǵ˭ۼ¶ô֤ģ֤ģҵĶģʱѾȥһˣ¶֮˺֮࣬ӦϵĻô¶ôЩпǵô
ҫһ⣬ʵڳƿԣǹ˽ʱȻûʲô飬Ǿȵĺܣû뵽ҫͷԾȻ仰㷴ΪԼǵ͹ҫ
˽ߵλϣʱһۣоҫĻҲ޵׳˶ߣǰһڵ׹ǿǵĲȫ˶¶Ҿ˵ͷȴ£Ҳò£׹գǲ࣬Ȼ׹һ
һ䣬˽ü΢壬뿪֮ʣ΢Сĳϣڵĸ£ǱҪС΢УȻ׹ɣҲһҧɵģ԰꣬¾ǳϻɣ
ھݺܸߣǶ˵Ļ˽綼ҷֻܵ˵ͷҫһڵʵҪҲ򵥣
Ŷ׹ʲô취˵޷׳˶ߣ˵
ȥеʲô˵ҫЦ
ʱ˽еǲĽҪˣɿ
ҫЦԽڵ֮ͨĸ֣һ˲ɣĸĪҪȻôӰ
㡣˽ɫһŭû˵꣬ͱ׳˶̧£ڵ׹룡


ڶʮ ŭ˵̣
ڣҫھһȺ˵İΧ£ôüĿŴϵ죬ʱĻǰ緢һĲ̬Ұ֮ɫİҫ̾Ϣֹ
Ӧþǹ˽˵ļƻ˰ɣҪȨأҫջĿ
ҫҲˣھ͸һ˵ɣ˽Ƴһ۰ҫ˵
˵ʲô˵޹أҪʲô˵ǿЦҫЦһڻص
һ˽ʱŭȵҫҪҾ壬İ˲칬ҪһĽͣŻȥ
Թ˽вҫЦһڵûŻȥҪûŻȥҰ˲칬ػ֮壬һҫ壬ǻĺܰ
һ䣬˽ͷЦЦг˱벻мǵ͵ĳЦ֮ջЦ֮ĿҫڵҫҲ̫߿˲칬ˣû˲칬⼸ٶȵȷܿ죬Ҳ֮ͨ˲칬Ҳʶʮ󳬼ʸ񣬵Ҿ壬˲칬ûǸʵ
Ϊ޸Ϳ޷ˣҾҲУʵֻĸ֣˲칬ֻһˣȴˣ뻯ֵҪԶ˲칬֮ϣҵǺܺ棬Ҿ尡
˽ĳЦ׳ƣŻ˳˽İȻ֮ɫǴƱӶˣҫʱҲǳ֮һ°΢΢̧ģĲС
ûҰ˲칬ĻҪȷǲܣټѩѱ𸮡ħ׼ҡԼأնиԣɣҫǸ߸ɨЦ
ҫĻ˽üͷʱһԵĴЦͣ˵ҫ㻹氮Լ𰡣Ľλ뵽⼸Ƴ֣ǻΪҾ壿쿪ˣţݸ壬ǲ֪ν
ԴƵĳҫٺһЦƸеһëȻĸоҫſĶʱɳö״һĴѶġ
⴫Ѷһ֣˽Լϵͫ˲伱СϲôܲʶöѶĴʲôǰҫ֮ǰ˵󳬼Լһ۷ĴѶİ
ǰɣҪҪһһѶȥλŵҫЦЦݸһֱĸоǹ˽ˣǵǾȵĲУԭҫΣĸ⼸ˡ
ˣھͶйɣ
⻰ǳУʱѾûȥˣԹ˽ƵԼĳЦģЩѾܵļޣеŭȫ汬
ֻߵҫߣֵ̧һöɫǱ״ĴѶģһӣ洫ĽȻĻŮʲôô
ףŮҸŮھ屻ݺĹǺ䳰ȷЦͣΪǵЦ˵ô찡ޱ˵
Ļһ䣬ܵĿռʱɢһƬһӣĽĽȻӰǰǶɷɨһȦˣĽ˵˭۸ŮŮվɣ
Ƕ˵ĳ֣˶һ˶һ֮ǰҫЩʵˣҫΪѵĿһ˭֪߸ûҫֻԹԵĿƣ˵ողǺ˵ô˵
ƶʱβѣеľԱ֪ˣҴʱʱƳ˽磬ҲֻܰԼΧˡ
ŴԼȣ˽ݺݵĵһۣĽ˱ȭ΢ЦĽݵ֮ǰͽǧһڽǣͽˣ
֪ǾŻ˳һλҼҵıŮӰһԵĽȻЦе˵Цȴǳɱ⡣
һǴƸˣŲʶƶһ£ľٶôܹӵùĽȻķۣһֱӳڴƵǰЦСô
ȻȲҪżˣٽ£ҫҲйɣĽǸ߸߹𣬵Ц
ҫԵ˵ͷʱһŴƣҫͻȻо쬵ģ֪ǳ׵׵ıŭˡ
ҫ̾Ϣһֵ̧һϵİִѶģ洫ǰĵҫʲôô
˵״һôҫͷе㲻˼˵ԸԼܽľ̼⻹ͷһΣеΪ顣
û⣬ҸϾ͵ˣǸأһˣҲϸδҲãЦ
ǶڰǾһɣҫ΢΢һ㶣ڵ
˽綼ˣΧ˶㵵Ŀҫ˻֮ʣһƬĿռɢС˾ͽѦͬʱڣҵ󣬽ʮ˵ɲԵӵ
ףҫЦĿŰСڵ
˻ͦ࣬ҫʲôôСһʵ˾ͽѦҲΧŰҫ
ʵСǻôǰľƣֳ󲿷ֶǾˣȻҪԼıӲǸ˴ѹ
ס׹ǣĵ˽Ŀҫʵƺʼþн
ҫֻǵƳһۣ˵ͷͻȻҫʲô˫Ŀһһڵȵһ£ҵֵҲˣҶˣҲϣһԽȻҪٸǽһ飬̫鷳ˣ
СЦеĵ˵ͷƳһ۲ԶʧĹ˽磬΢ЦɣҲ֪ͨСڸСˣһҲص˵Ҫأ
ҫ񣬺ʵСڸСף˭ʶô
㵱ȻʶѽǺħԳСٺֱЦڵ
˵Ǿ̲סˣħԳֻ޶ˣҪðҫ׽ǵĻʱ̿ˣҪ֪ҫô˵ǶҵѰҫ
λλ֮£ֻһᣬʦڰСĳϣЦĿ˵
ҶѲ˶ȥ򣬺ԸĵˣҲӦˣԭԼıﱻ۸ˣеŭ⿪ʼ
԰Ǻǳϱŵ˵ֻ˺벽ʱѦȴµĿŹ˽磬Ц˵ôôأСǵñô
˽һ㶣ֱѦͻȻƺʲôָѦ㣬㣬죬ǰ
ԲȻǵñ𣬻Ϊ˾ķĸѱһɶأѦЦ漴ִ˽˵СοˣȰڰҫĻû֮ǰ̹ϴ򣬱𶼱㣬Լúɣ
Ѧոմ꣬˾͵ˣһƬĿռɢ˽٣һĻ˽͵һæڵ׹˽̸ػһĽ磬°ɣ
ҫڰҫչֳ̣Ѿ˽ʧȥ˷ʩȨȻǾ壬ֻҪҫһ£Ծ˵֣֮νƱǿ˽粻òͷ
ʱ˵߶ڰҫϣҫʼ磬ָָɫڵҪˣͬĻν
һ䣬˵ĿˢˢĿָ̧ƣ쳣˵˿뿪Ҫ£
˽Ե˵ͷڵ˶ȥ£
һ䣬˫ʧ̱ڵأԼǴͷˡ


ڶʮ ˮתѣ
Ź˽һ£ǾʣİλŻ˳׷׼뿪Ƿ֮أǴʱ԰ҫĸо˵߷ֵľֵľηСʵȴֻжԼǱȲðҫġ
ȥ֮󣬾ֻʣλϣԼ˽ƶˣ˽治֪ǰⷬƸճҲŴˣ̱ڵһǰ֮ɫ
ҫ̾ϢһʦͽģеҲ˲٣ֻһı֮ɫƺûзŹ˽ƵĴ㣬ƽҲټ𣬿ŭյ˵ˣ֮еɷëȻ
ҫµԭί˵һ󣬾Ͳ֪һ˷ŭˣڳ˶Թ˽ŭĿӣǰķĽݷ򸾣˴һַ·Ҫɱһ񣬵Ź˽ƣɱһңѦ˾ͽҲһķ߷߲ƽ
˽磬֮㿴ôɣŪҰĵĶӣҰĵĶӾ԰װױ˸۸ˣ˵ķɣɷĳ˵
߻ո£Ľ𣺡ûŮŮͣȻܵĴɱͺŪȥ֮±ҪŮŮһĽ
νˮתǰ˽绹вҫһڷԼŽһУ˾ͽѦȻûб̬ı飬Ȼվڹ˽ߡ
˾͸һ֮ɫû˽˵Ϊը˷ΣŭĿԲŰҫϥһȵ빬壬Ұ˲칬кڽ㣬빬
빬
°˽Ǽ嵥ϥ¹˵ҫ˸һԴʶû࣬ӦҲǱ˽֮ǰΪĲС
ҫһۣȻҪ˲칬ƣôȻҪ԰˲칬Ĺ˵һڵɣжᡣ
ҫһ䣬֮ŭŹ˽磬ҫĸȻö˵ҫ˽вѹȣһƵģƽ
˽Ƿŭǰ⼸ƶˣҪ˵ǲ壬ϣҲܿһͳԲˣĸϵĻɾа˳ɵĿԻᱻ
ټϰҫİ˲칬أ󳬼Χ壬Ļᱻ𾡵ģҫ߻ֻް
ħԳڲƭģ׽ǿʵڣֻɱֻܲܵסǸ⣬ʣ㹻ˡ
˽Ҳɵӣ͸һ֮󣬺ȻķԼҪʲô򣬽һĹȥˣ˼ǰ˽һᣬѴƸƳȥµ
λͽרȨǰɿһʱģοǣ£Ϳһأձͽ׹ãǻȫƾ׹ãϣ׹֮𣡡˽ָһԵĴƴȻ˵ԼƲĸɸɾȫƸ˴ơ
һŵĿ˽磬г˲뾪Ƹ죬˽ȴǺݺݵĵһۣһѹ£ֻеͷһһɽѹϣֱſڵϡ
ʱĴƣ˵˵ˣ¹ž죬ѹҪѹҪɱڣҫҲԼЩҲҪô΢ЦĿš
ȴüֹԭԶ֣ɰҫȴ˵Ѿͷ𣬴½ұ֤ʦͽܲˣô
תͷԹĿ˰ҫһۣ֮˵ͷʵ֮νıŭΪ˽Ȱҫ̫ˣڼһԵĴƲͣļףǰˣڣҲ侲һɰҫȥˡ
ʱ˽ѹŴƿҫڵ׹˵ɣδ
ҫȻһЦƳһ۴ƿڵк֮£ͷĹһˣ
˽һҫһ˿⣬ȥҫ˴һʵϴһϣɱ̣ߵجβΪˡ
һƵһΪϣôٵľ˥ϣήңǰĳŷԴ˵ֱͱجλҪ¡
˽Ҳд󾪣û뵽ҫȻĺˣպ治ҸˣȻΪ֮ɱģҫǰ⼸֣֮Լᱻŵռ֮Уʱͬ
£ҫûãֻ˽ֺ̧ݺһѹӿԭ񱬷Ǵ̷Ĳҽ˽ջʱѾȥɢѻ٣һΪԵȻ޴档
׹ͽԷ̣ϣ׹ܲǰӣҾٱһݴԱҶ԰׹Ǹ⣬׹дҪ黳ڴˡ˽˴֮󣬳Űҫ˱ȭ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷֿ֮ϵ죬ڵо綾ҪΣһöĴмң˵ܣȥ¿˴˶
Ե˵ͷ죬ҫô˵˽ǻֽţĶһȻὫʵ˵λ͵ϮȻ¶ʱԼڽˡ
뵽˽ŵ亹֮æǰһסЦĶͲͰ׹ˣҾҲнⶾֵĴڣǾͿˣ磬ǡ
ҵֵ壬ľɵѾﵽųɾŵĳ̶ȣֻһɶؾ򶾴ɣⷽҪ˵öаʥȲǾλöܱȵôҫһָ˵
ҫĻѹ˽ҭˣԼ˵Ǳϣҫ˵ƿԣֻԼ߾ȥûӽһ֣˽ͻʶ˺һɫޱȵѿ
ڹ˽ֹסȥֻǣľٶôӵùҫķۣҫŰѦʹ˸ɫ΢΢ͷһ˹˽󣬶˽ҲǺݺҧҧһ䱸Ŀˡ
磬ҪȥѽѦ΢Цʵ
˽һЦڵոҪûдҪһ
ʲô£ܱµİΣҪĸ£»û֮ǰ㻹ĶҪȥĺã
˵Ǿ׳˶ߣҲǱ˽ڲƭһأ͸ˮˣڼ˽ģʱģҲü䡣
˽ӲȥˣʵǻҵĲУǰİѦʵԼ֮£ߵʵ֮ϣܣܲ˰
ʱֻЦһڵ϶⼸װ師⣬ʥƿ˵ˣ
һ䣬ָĶͷָ·ͱ©һƵģĶͷ͵ɢһīɫĶ͵һȫӿ
һĻ˽ǾޱȣǶǾô̶⻹δţûڵĶ˸ɾȵ£ص˰ҫߡ
еаŴʥ֮һʥĹĶûʲô˵ģոѾ˾ųɣ޴󰭣΢΢һЦ˵
Ȼ֮ʣϵ͵һ˫Ŀ˹ǰһ㶣вôЩȫ룬ҿǵɫһʦļư
Զͷ­Ĺ˽ʱʱȻŭָŹ˽ƿڴ˽磬аȨλ¶͵Ϯңֱǵ죬޿⣬ϷշҪ㲻ɣض


ڶʮ һ棡ٻޱ֣
ʱһŭȣ͵תͷ˽磬д˹Ȼɫһܣֱ˽ȥ
ɾǸն֮ʣ˽Ȼһֶ̧׼ϣΪҪѽΧûܣѦҲǰо䡣
˭֪еǿƲûб˽練˫ϥصĹڵأҵ˵ȻѰ¶Ҳ޻˵ҸԸֻܷǻ·⿪Ҫͷһ˺ˣҵĵ޹أԸһе𡣡
ߣΪϴͻŹ㲻ɣҲǲб֮ˣȻеĵҲΪѣŵռɣߵ֮ⲽ˽ǰĿ
£𻹲ֹڴˣȣ߸׹ԩֱ񼫣Ϸ齫ӡ롮̶̰꣬ɻ׹һ׳˶ߣȭ˵
һŭϼŭ˫Ŀ·ҪݺݵĿ˽ŭҲˣ߸ҰҫϵܣҪ֮ͨǲ֮㲻ɣ̰̫ˣٶİ꣡
Ļ˽ݺݵĴ˸ǿ̶ǸطԼԸŵռ֮УѾû˻ȨֻܰҧڵԸ̷ܴ
ʲô̶ҫһãȻԵС
С΢΢һЦڵ̶һ׵е׵أǾǵĺ綫ߵѿڣǴԨⷽصļ֮أճ̶Ȳޱֵ
ΪߵľΪ빦Ϊʧһͨˣܹͬʱݲһ˵־壬ɨз·ǧ֮ࡣ
ȴӵ߼Ũܹ֮ʹͬʱάʱ̱״̬ܽ٣ʹ˽Ҫ̣ǳֱ꣬ҡ
С֮󣬰ҫͬʱ˸û뵽ⷽػļ֮أ˽ӡˡ
ʱ򣬰ҫǰһڵϸ磬СҲ˵䣬ɺã
Կҫ̾һڵϵܣίˣҪΪĻɲأزٵĳͷ
ҫ˰֣ЦҿûҪΪ˼ֻϸҹ̸Ǽ£ϸӦܸһ˰ɣ
΢΢һ㶣漴֮ɫݺݵ˵ϵģҾʽ˲칬Ϊͬ˹ϵչаӸţҾȫ֮аģεĻ־аʹͨӺңڶǷǳɡ
Ƿ߷߲ƽģ˽ǻһЦоļ룬ιаʤ߼֣ϾаǿǾޱȣһ˾ͶһģֶΪأ
Ȼ˾ϸҰҫһ棬һĻᣬϸҲ֪аǿ߶һ֮ͨǿߣͶһݱϣѵôҫЦе˵
˵ʵڵҪаսڼҲùܹ˽֮ԼҲܺݺݵĳһڶаȻ˽֮Ϊ˵һǿؼʱ̻ٲĴڡ
΢΢üҫ˵ĻҲȷʵȻֵ˼Ƿǳϸģ΢˼֮󣬳ɵйаͻȻѵĻǿаٺһ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˸ָڵ򵥣ô򷨟oﲼһƣֻҪĻ֮Ʊᷢʱ򡣡һַǳ飡
ҫĹŪиеܺ棬˽綼ͶɻĿ⣬Լѻᷢʲô£϶ǲģڲ£ⷽлбܹݲģ̶һܺõӣǰҫֶʲôأ
νΪδֲ֪ҫȻûѻ˵͸ȴ˽һּ˵ĿֲΪ²͸ҫ뷨Լʲô
ҫĹŪǡô˽г˹˼ɣ֪ͷʲôôҲƽⲻͷвȥԽ磬ֱӸͷʲôҪëȻ
ҫͷ˽磬ЦѡһǹԹԵıҲýƣȻ󽫹ȥ̶֮࣬Ӧ֪ôѡİɣ
˽ݺݵҧҧ鵽زҲֻܸаˣοԼҲһֱûǸаʹȻǼƲˣù˽мΪޣа˼ǨǶ
̧ͷҫԸ⽫Ϊаһౡ֮׹ʩ
ҫ΢Цͷڵȷѡ񣡡
漴תͷС΢Цףһ£һʩչ
С΢΢һЦ˵ͷҫߣǶһۣ漴˫ĿգͻȻһɼǿ֮СС΢ţ֮ϲЦտڵҫѾ̶ôʤ
ѽףǹͬʩչֻҪ˽з֮ģͻĨһеļ䣬Լ˼άһûмû˼İ׳գҫͨķŴСӦأ֮ʱǿ֣Χ˶ĿɿڴĿҫС
νǴ򷨟oһ⼼ܣֻдﵽƪŻֵļܣǱһ˵ԺУ˵һ˴ڵһм䣬Լ˼άͳͳᱻĨɸɾһ׳ա
ϵĳΪ޹أǴ򷨟oĿֲ֮ҲƪһˣٽֻڸܣһǳֲĹܣðҫһʩչȽǿСİɱ
ҵ۾ҫ˵Ҳ֪ôģҫĻ˽һԵֿħֻ˫۱ÿնãȻ·ʧȥһ㿴ҫҫҲ˫Ŀһ˵ľⱬ
һӴ֮󣬹˽˫Ŀʧȥ۰ͫף·ˮī֭Ⱦһ㣬һƬڣҫҲͬˡ
ֻһţ˵˫ָͫԭò֮󣬹˽Ȼ۷˹ȥ֮ΪȻҲԣһĻ˸ɻˣ˵ĿȫڰҫСϡ
ҪûװæҲûôأʩչɹȻɾͶŶҸл
ⳡĶȨıǽˣҫ⵽ݺ֮У˵ı̲ɣеĿĴɣ˲칬ʽˣΪδаһ
ҫĸĸ˸Ҳе㽻飬˴˺һ֮󣬱뿪ˣҪȫսаȫ濪ս׼
ڻԲѵĹ˽磬Ҳֻǻһһҹ˹֮󣬵Ե쳣ƽԼͨаʹԭԭ˵˳Ընаʹϧ֮ززѲ֪ȥҲֻܾʹա
е鰲󣬰ҫִһʱ䣬뿪˾壬ҫȥ˷ĶoooʥҲ뵽Լһ
κԸΥǶ˸ոնûþյһǳõϢoѸ£аˣаҲǿ˰ҫͼȰҫһ֮ǰ£˟o
ڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬰ҫҲŭoаһȷǺܿϧԼһѾ󳬼ȭս˵Ծ߱ааʸôoΪ͵Ƚа֮ٸ˺ˡ
Ǻҫϴȥo뷨Ҳûлص˲칬ǳ˷֮صһޱ֡
ʱҫͨռ䴫ޱֵΧǰɭɭï֣ҫǸ߸𣬵ЦʵΣ˸пǧ


ʮ óʱҪ֣ˣ
ޱ֣ⷽΪļ֮أһƬïɭ֣ܹΪĲ򣬴տԲȦ״ԽľԽïܶľҲǾ޴ĿţûйߵĴڡ
Ҫ˵ޱںδȻǷʤĶޣԽԽΣգû񾳵Ϊȥ
һҪ񾳵Ϊܱסһ޺У϶ǧϣʵԱ֮ҪûгϵΪǴ粽С
ҪͱҪ֮ͨΪΪһֻϹޣ񡣶ҫ֮ҪʵΣΪ˴ش߷ӡ
ӵսĹʱԿʴӦڹаޣȻʴ޼Ѱôҫ֣Լʵ̶ȣδûһƴ֮
ʱҫڴ֮Уڵλޱֵĵڶһ·ƽ˾û˿춯֣ʵȻ¶ƣЩǲҿ
Щ͸õˣͬҲʵԵɣǶ˼ѾǰٶˣͨĶ˵湹вʹһЩԱȽҵĶҲƵıٶ˵ͬûв߱в
ҫ磬㵽мְսҶʵԽԽأС֮ҪѰС֮Ҫǿܶأһʵ
ҫͷڵҲ̫ôأͬĻԲҵĶ֣ڵļʵܹһ˵ֵС֮ͨ߰ɣϾҲûʲôĿʩչȫʵϴа֣Ҳҵļʵأ
Ŷһ˵ͷǾһƽصʱ򣬶ǰĲԶһҰ޵ԼһЩ˻Ħ
ҫһۣǵ˵ͷһڵأҫվһ޴ϣǽжŮڸͷչƴɱȻ߶Զľ棬ͷ޵ʵǳǿȫѹˡ
֮УֻһԵúܳȣʵ˵ҲףųڵΪŮ꣬ΪҲȥңս˵Ҳˡ
ϧǣͷӽǧޣһͷǳʮһɶֵĶǾһͷһֻͨѪľǣͷȫѹ˵ĲסͷǾͷѪȴǴǱп಻
ҫ磬ﲻָָļսڵ
ҫ˰ֿڵǴһأӦĳɴӳģȵȵȿĲУٳ֣
ûãѾ꣬ͷѪǵʵ˵ǿֲٶȿֲֲֲܵؼԵ˽йЩѾĿʼ־
һĻ꺺˫ĿֻǾסǾҲٶȿ磬綾ŧҺҲ꺺ӸղԮЩꡣ
֮еŮƺӺǸңǷǵûо£ַ׺ݣҧгݵģɱ뺷֮ߵ궼ȲϣҫǿԴһ˿ȣû뵽Ůӻ׺Ҳǳʶˡ
Ůӱ뺷Ǳ뺷ˣʵǼͷѪǵģѪǰצһǺɨǶе彣ɨ˷飬ྡྷǽǶ˸ݺɨɡ
ԥҪҪȥѪƴƴĻҪĴۣǺԥ
ѪǳХһոյصŮӣŮӱһþҧһʵĿžǧһ֮ʣͻȻŮеͷһǿѹ
һӣһĲ׳ӰһŲѪǵͷ­ݺݵĶ嵹ڵأѪûа취˵ĽŲƿ֣˷·ħһôɵĲžǣȫѹơ
һĻڳ˶ˣ꺺Ӷʶֿͣˣǰҫֻɨ΢΢һЦ漴ƿŲ˫һͻȻһǿ磬µѪ꺺ߵĶǾͬʱ˹
ҫ˫һץһһץסѪǾֻ˫΢΢һ𣬺˵Ļ𾢴ӿգ֮㽫ͷǧ޸ճ˻ҽ
Űҫ׾ٵĻɱͷޣΧһĿɿڴȻĿŰҫҫǿƽǾģԼڣ뻯ڵŶδؼǵϡ
ҫҲΧ˵ľ㵣ϵĻҳ̧ͷЦе˵Ѿͷ㶨ˣǼ·
һ䣬ͷƬ޴ϣһɫŮӣ֮ҲΧˣ˰ҫһۿڵǸóʱų֣ҫ磬ôؼʱӢ۾ǲʲôͼ
һû˵ţһŰҫ⣬ҫεͷʹί˵:ոҲ֣Ǿ֮ˣû취ٵˣѾͷҪҵѽ
һ˫۽ԴƲһԣʱ򣬵˵ҫʱ꺺͵Ĵ˸ָŰҫ:㣬㣬ǰ˲칬Ļҫ׹
ҫһ㶣漴תͷ꺺ӣڵ:ʶңҲʶѽ
꺺Ӹæʩһ񣬱ȭڵ:İл׹ȣ׹뻭Դ֮У˲֪˲֮ǰ׾ûϳ׹
ڣһɣνƱ˼ԿɽƱΪҴഫֱɲģƳΪĿ꣬Žһɵĵλ
ַǳ⣬ǲ⴫ģҴвŮԵüأȻصַھȻʮƳԵ𽭺һɵĳƺš
ҫ΢΢һЦ˰˵:ʲôﰡϲϲ£ΪûϳҾҪҪɱҰ֮ôҺܺ棬ڲΪôޱĵرֻʺʺҪȥҲȥçĹŶԣΪô
ŰҫķʣİЦͣҡҡͷڵ:ʵҵ֮˵أΪڵɽأǰñаƣٱаһ·׷ɱ֮£òޱ֮УǼȻа׷ɱҲɢˣŻˡ
֪һʼĩ֮󣬰ҫ΢΢ͷЦ:漴ԵҾͰæɣ
İԶʱϲæʩл:ǾͰ׹ˣ׹Ĵ£ձؽ񱨣
ûʲôˣ֮Ͷѣҫ˰ֵЦ漴˫Ŀһգʩչ鶯ķƪͼ˲ɨ跽Բޱֽʮ֮һĵʵǿŵĺܣ⻹ǰҫļޣڵʵȫʩչ鶯ķƪĸǷΧܴﵽɽǧĿֲ롣
ûãҫ˫Ŀ̧һ㣬һ׹⼲ûİĶͷİԺгͻȻһ棬׿⣬Уϰڽͷڵ
İͷһϲŰҫʩһ񣬻û˵ҫǿһڵ:ˣ߶ˣȥɣһϿʼƶǾ鷳ҸӾ仰ûطȥȥǰɣ
˵ҲİӦҫС֣ôͻأʧİǰҫٴγʱѾޱԵˡ
ʱİҫ鲻̫ÿ˫ĿֱĿǰ:ôˣ
һԵʵ:ʲôˣ
ҫڵ:ˣ
΢΢ü˵:ô
ҫͷһ漴ץסСֱ֣ȥײһѪɫ֮һտĲݵϣǰһƬտĴȴŶϿ


ʮһ мֵĵر뿪ʼս
ҫüŲݵ϶ϿƺǱǿϵģҴӶϿڵķɳ̶ѾЩͷˣҲ˵ں֮ǰѾˣҲԼ뿪ģϾǲһ
ޱֵҲޱΣյĵطûеĴռزٶƽףȻ󣬵ΧĻǷǳĹ졣
һĲݵأϵӲȫɺ֮ɫһɢҫ۵ѪɫâԵһƬѪ⣬һȦ޴ľΧƣЩľڷǳľ޴󣬶ҳ죬ճڸǡ
ȻûڵЩѪɫӲɢĹҲðҫǰһУֻǰѪããĻ棬ľ˻вһĪѪ嶯ǱصıŰʶᱻȫļ
Ѿͷȥҫ˵
˵ͷڻصСģ
ҫ΢΢һЦԴһǰҲ֪ôģҫܸоĵķ֮ʲôǳرĴڣ
ҫߵĴʱܵϵϿڣü֣ҵӦòΪʲôܸоʲôҷǳҪʲôûѽѵǲڵ£
ڰҫɻ֮ʣű߶Ͽȱ͵һЩƼ죬ҫ⧲֮£˲䱻˷ϮƣͬʱЩסҫ֮һƬѪɫҫڡ
ԶһĻʱʧɫֻ˫Ŀü˫ַ˦ڟo˪֮£ʮö
ϧЩŸո׵ľ룬ǰѪݵؿʼŤ͵ʮֱ۰ľЩ֯һƬԲǽڽıء
һĻдŭ˫ֶöͭɫ״˦֮ʱҫȴֱӳԺУѾͷû£Щ˲ң˿Щ
һеİջ֮ʮ׵ľ룬ոպ֮ʣǽȫ˵¡
ʱѪеİҫһԽԽֿһܵѪЦһһ𣬻͵ıһɼ͵İɫ𾢣ϵճ˻ҽͬʱܵѪ
⻹ûҫĻ𾢣ɽһϯķＴȼԲʮ˲仯ΪһƬ𺣣ǵĵطϵðһŻ𾢵ķգЩʼ趯ţȥһëȻĸо
Ĺľյøɸɾû£ҫһܵĻ𺣷ٻع鵽˰ҫڣһ˲һ˿綼ûʣ£·֮ǰƬֻǻþһ㣬ָֻƽ
ҫŤŤӣЦǺǣƾ΢ĩҲ͵ϮңҲ̫С˰ɣҵɵһޱʱǸҫôǲ֪ν
ʱҫߣһеʵҫ磬û°ɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦķۼգڵû£аµȫпãûʲô˲ġ
һʱ򣬶ԴֲĿܣҪ֪ҫľ𾢣ǿ̶ȼѾﵽﲻȼ󺣵ĳ̶ȣ׺Ļ𾢷£ѪɫĲݵؾȻûгһ˿ˣʵš
ҫ磬㹦˲Űҫգգ
ҫ˶Ƥûķʵ˵أոұľ𾢣ñǰ𣿡
ô°ָָܵѪɫݵأʵ
ҫͷ˼һᣬڵޱһ֮أ⵽ڷΪĲ㣬ÿһ㶼Ϊգ˶޷ǳ⣬ĵرôмֵĵرʲôأӦþ˰ɣ
һʱȵ˵ҫ磬˵ޱмֵĵرЩѪɫӲݰɣЩӲֻǻᷢѣûʲôر֮ѽ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵûر֮Բ֪
ҫµһֻ̣˫۷תԲ˳ɹʩչŲƣǿֺ˵ǣ籩ϯ
˵ǿķ籩ǣ֮£ЩӲӦûᱻŶԣǣ籩ûаκһӲݣֻǽɫ˹⵼°ҫ˫֮ڷһѪɫԲܵѪɫԴԴľۼ
ʮϢҵʱ䣬ԭϵѪɫӲѾתɫ󣬶ҹâڣҫ˫֮ǿŵСѪɫԵüΪҫۣĹûм
ӦþޱмֵĵرˣǿѪɫڰҫϣҫָָ΢Ц
ʲôʲôãһʵ
ҫεͷе㲻̫˼˵Ҳ֪ʲôãûȥ껿ɣĵرֶȽ졣
ƲƲ˰ҫһۣɵЦͣȻѪʲôڣǰҫܹоԼ˵ŴãԼ˵ǳĹؼ
ڵõѪɫ֮󣬰ҫιʵȻûдĿģҲջ񣬾ڶ˲뿪֮Ƭޱֵٴΰ
ʵûڵޱѾƲⷽصļ֮ˣȥȻǱĹˣڵҫһ뿪ޱûãͿʼˣͬʱҫôһ塣
Ĺ֪ڵİҫﵽС֮ľΪµ԰ҫ˵ȫûвԡ
ҪĹֻ˼ĴڣȴޱмֵĵرѪݡҲѪɫӲݣĹʱ֪ЩѪɫӲǡѪݡ»ڵѪĳ̶ȡ
ѪݣʲôҫԴǰ껣ʵ
껿ϵǿѪɫһ֮ɫЦһַǳĵرȻҲֻʿ֪Ѫݵã˵ѵõһĵرѽ
Ŷôѵˣҫ˵ͷʵ
ŰҫǸ㶵ı飬Ҳý̫࣬˰֣ڵˣҲ̫࣬˵ҲֻҪ֪ľ񵤾ˡ
ҴӳɫųпܣϵڳɹҲзǳܴеģʡʱʡʡģ˵Ѳѵð
껻µһ̣ҫ˫Ŀ͵ı껣׼ȷ˵ǷеѪɫ򣬶εķ˷ۣɰҫ˸˲棬Ҳǹʺ
껵˽ңҫû˴ڣҫⶪģҲû֪
˵˵ûãҲдãҿȥܸװ𣿡Ŀޱ߰ҫߣ˵
ҫ֮ϵĳɿһ֮ǰΣĿڵǾʲôʱɰ
ĬĬ˼һ󣬿ڵڿ¯ƵĻҪҰɣ
ҫԵ˵ͷ漴껵ļһſڣһ߿ڵھͿ¯ɣһʱĵÿҪæĲɿˣΪһºҪаȫ濪սʱҪĵҩһ֣껣Ҫ鷳ˣ
껿ŰҫȥıӰʼ磬ڵʲô鷳鷳ģķȻҪ¿ҩⷽ澡ܷģܹ
˵֮󣬰ҫѾߵſڣֻͷҲصĻ˻֣򿪷˳ȥһ˲Ƶ˰˲칬Ĵ֮ϣеǹ١ָСҶġ°ˡ
ҫ˵˵ͷ˰ʾǰ֮󣬰ҫ΢΢һЦڵҾһ֮аȫ濪սһµʱҪʼսˣûɣ
һ䣬һ㿴ҿ㣬һۣ漴ǻһЦͬȻû⣡


ʮ ˷ıԵĶ
ҹҫ˲칬ĺɽؾ̨֮ǰϵеǰͬйһºаȫ濪սľˡ
ԼĸװģԼĽ죬˵ʥѦ𸮵ĸ˾ͽ죬񶼵Ԫ׻ԼǰøոմӦʦԯܡ
߷ټϰҫİ˲칬Ѿⷽаǿ֮ԾۼڴˣΪ˽аⷽ𣬽䳹׽
˵ŵļ뵹еҫԤϣù١ָСҶǰȥ˵ҲֻǱһԵ̬ԭ׼һε˵ǣҴƣٸһӦĴۣҪԯ˵뼺
˶е쳣Ĳ죬ֻǸոտ˸ͷѣԯܾȻ˵һڴӦˣ⵹ǰѹ˸ĲС
ԭǻΪԯܻῼǺܾãȻǷҪĥӲһУܹô˳Ҳû뵽ָҲǿЦͣ벻֪Լʦ𵽵Щʲô
ָее֪ԯ˷ǳĥΪ˲һ񣬺ѣڵκ¶ƣľЩīسɹڹء
ԯһ굽ͷҲûǴڣײβɽˮڵĵҲ䷢ӣͨɳϸգżһˣҲܳļϸĽ̵һһ˼ʱֲӰ
֮һû͸ˣԯ֮ԻôɴļҲǷǳ⣬ˣⷽصĴϱܱˣðҫҪаеȤζʮ㣬ԾôǳǳʵĴӦˣ˶Ǹеޱȵĺա
ԹҫҲûȶãܵĿռߵռһӣ³а⣬ǿİ˷ƶ˼ڴˡ
ҫһºаȫ濪ս᲻ִ̫Щĸһ㼱ææĿʵȾĶҪԶʤԼӣǵİҫ̫ļ¸׼ȫ
ҫ֪Լĸ׹ʲô΢΢һЦڵײõģ߿¾㱸ֻǷɶˣе׼ѾɵĽУʱһҰ˲칬ֱָа
ҫô˵ҲǷſģҫҲǸοԼĵǶˣԼСĶȻСΪ˶ҪԶԼŮнҫΪԼĽ
ȻѾ׼ˣ߿Կʼˣһµʱ䵹Ҳ㹻ˣڻǰҪȥ˵
ʲô⣿Ѧʵ
ҫ̾Ϣһ廰˵֪ǰ˵ʲôһаĴӪδҵǻٵҲȻҸȼһʦɻԲѣ£ʦǾ˫ʵа㷭ֿ𡣡
˵ͷüͷڵƷɵǶˣ񶼵ĿƼߵûа취ѣʵǭ¿ԣιаûָˡ
ȻаĴӪڵأͬҲǺͷڲݵ˷֮أڰмǷ˸׳죬ȴûӪڵĺۼϵص׶ϸ̽ȴɺ񡣡
˵֮ĽüͷڵǾ鷳ˣҲǵĴӪɨƽ֮ϵľаҲ޼£аǳı
һĪչ֮ʣԯȴǺٺһЦˣЦе˵¾ͽŰɣ˵ĳ󷨰̳ˣŵĿұ죬ƽ⣬ٺʲˡ
һ˽ǰһԯ˵ûȻа̳磬ô϶ʲôֶθˡ
Ҫ˵ⷽѵֶΣͷһ;Īˣ̳ڿռ֮Уôа̳ӦҲ˲ǣһⷽ˭ǿǰλʦԯܣԼء
ۼԯһеȻϲʤգҫǰһʩǴ±ͷԯǰˣǰκҪ󾡹ܿڱǣֻҪܼģƴǣ
ԯܰ˰֣Ц˵û£û£ʲôȱʵһҪллģлչСô꣬˵ʵڵģʱһһ£첻ϷߵԸ񣬾ʲôǵôչأ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˱ȭڵҽ̸ֳʲôչ˲չˣҫ֮¶Ӧõġ
ԯЦŵ˵ͷİҫļ򣬿ڵСͦǫģΪˣľܲСҲģˣսûҵ£ǽɣȻȥ׼ˣҪһصĳ󷨣ɲô׵أСҲҪȴȥҲɲ٣
ҫԵ˵ͷͱԯ֮󣬼׼Լһºιаհҫ˼·ͬʱй
ν·޷ҲаӵеΧ˷֮ضΪаԮȻܷŹһ·ҫиѩѱоѻǿ֣
Ǳаռ֮ĶȻڵħ׼ңԴǰڰ׼ҵĵ̻ڣСǿ߼࣬һ·ҫǽԼĸףԼй֣ҪȡضҲʲô¡
֮ϵаˣһ·ҫǴ֣֮ϵаҪģаɨƽϵԭפأڶ񶼱ؿ£һҪһѩǰܲɡ
֮󣬻ѾԹаľһ֮ⷽؽʷǰľսۣа԰˷ַ˭Ц󣬵ʱз
ͬһҹһմ֮ڣʮɫˣΪһ飬ΧһŲͣ¶صûһ϶ɳһööޱȵģĿӡıƤϣÿһĵĿӡʹӴִҲڡ
ǰҫ˿Ѱ޹а̳֮ϾôĿǰһһڵĲһ£һ֮ɱɴ˵еڤħʱⷽؿɱ
һҹҫһаһڲԼͬ׼ŸԵˣǳɵǣǸԵļƻҪȫչһ֮
峿ҫټУ֮ϣҫתͷǰˣ΢Цʵˣ˵˵ǵг̰ɣ
ٵһ˵ҸһȥѩѱҪȥʦ취Ȼֻõ˵ɷħʯʦӦʲôֲŶԡ
ҫ˵ͷ΢ЦʵѾͷҲҪȥ
΢ЦͷڵţҪҵװԤеһУƾһ˵̫ˣĹܸͬҸõ
Ҫȥˣ˵Ϲ䣬ǰṦµһṦ֣֮ǰҲӦˡҶĿڵ
ҪʦǱߣʦ㲼һʷѰٴҪȥָ΢Ц˵
ҶԾ̶ܺ棬԰Ҵﵽ˵еѪ磬֮ǰҲкˡ°ڵ
һޱ֣ҵ򶾶յԲٻڵ
ҪȥǱޣ㸸˵֮һȪۣӦöҵıдãڵ
˶˵ԼĿĵ֮˵˫ͬʱڰҫϣҫʼ翪ڵǰҸҲ㽫ԼľúĽһ£ﵽҲǸĵط
Ե˵ͷҲû飬ҫ΢΢һЦڵʦ֣鷳㿴ҿ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷҫҲ΢ЦӦ漴ǰˣڵôһºټɣ


ʮ ٣ʳ
ȶ֮ϣһȻĿһɵһ£Ҫûг񾳵ΪҪȥ϶Ƿǣƴƴ
ٺܺ棬ԼʥΪк̶Ĵڣ߶׹£ں̶ʵڵûģһ˵£Եʱ˵Ǳɵġ
ƫƫͻɵӶܲµ˰һô˭أչٵ뷨ֻ˲ſһ㣬һѪ棬һǽƷɡ
ѪĻҲ˵ͨǧ꣬ȻȥһΪڣΧκεķ紵ݶӦĶĿΪҪӦҲ׾ٵ飡
ƷɵĻô͸ѰζˣȴѪ棬ƷڰаŴһݻԵôĽҲ£÷ӡѪİɣҲ˵ùȥ
ٵͷ˼ͣԺе뷨кܴĿԣ˦˦Դٶ룬зִѩѱʱĽ֪ԼҪʱ˵Ǿ仰
ҪȥôȥǸ˰ɣҫĽֳĻҲ˵ˣ֮СģǸ˵ɲ̫
Ľ˵һ֮󣬾óһŵҩ٣˵Σʱ̷ܹҲ֮лֱ˲Ƶ⴦ϡ
ջ˼·ȥԭֱ˲Ƶȵףȴ֮ʲôĿռ֮ûʩչռ˲䣬ҲѪ汻ǧ֮á
һһֱӴ±ԵȥȻû˲ƣǾֱȥˣʱյΪ¶˵ʲô̫⡣
ټ׹ǰãã֮󣬽ǴϤĺ̶΢΢ǿס˵壬ϼ׹ٶغ̶ˮʱ˷·һƬҶżһˮ棬ƮȻء
ڽ̤ʵ֮󣬹ٻܣΧĻ뿪ʱûа仯̾ϢһǰȥûǰһѨٶŶѨϥ¹򣬳˵ӹ٣μʦ𣡡
ǺǣҵĺͽûˣΪȻ˳ΪʦȻûմ㡣**һͳɳƵ˸еܲǸĮı飬ȫ޶ԡ
ܣֻѰɷħʯ쾧ʯʼ޷Ѱãʦ𷣣پôڵأ˵
쾧ʯҲˣΪʦ㣬еɷħʯͿˣһ䣬**͵һӰת˲ǰʮ׿⣬ʧڽǧѪ档
ǹ᾵ݵգ׷˿ȥһƤĹǼܣһַǳĸоλǧǰ߳ƵѪ棬Щ
΢΢üڵǰΪ٣û쾧ʯĻ޷ﵽĵزԵպжܲ㣬ʦȫ
Ѫ԰˰֣Цûµģ쾧ʯΪʦﵹǱһţ֮ȥҾΪ˶㣬ӿȴض飬Ϊʦȴʲôò²̫ðɣ
΢΢ü˵ʦҪֱԱǣֻҪеģػ˫ַϣ
ǹͽ󷽣Ӧôʹ죬϶У۲żȰ֮ΪʦȻʲôġ
ѪЦ漴һ϶һŰƴСĴɫ״ʯſʯͨѩף֮һ㵭ӫ⣬ȥĿĺܡ
ѪָָϵĴɫ״ʯڵ쾧ʯˣɷħʯأóɣ
Ե˵ͷСȡһŰƴСͨڵľ״ʯſʯ֮ɢŨŨĺ쾧ʯγĶԱȣǵɷħʯˡ
óɷħʯ֮󣬹Ҳɣ˦ֽɷħʯ׸Ѫ棬ºЦͽΪʦ٣ϳ̶ȼﵽȻܴﵽ벻Ч
һü⣬漴΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵлʦȫյӱػ߾ȫʦ˵ء
һ䣬ٰѪ˵ǰ㣬ϥϵٷ˫ϥֱϣ˫Ŀı
ѪЦǰڵ뵽ڣҲὫע뵽ɷħʯ쾧ʯڣ١
ٵ˵ͷ뵽УѪҲͬʱϵʯٵͷ֮ϣŶ˵ͬʱ룬ɷħʯ쾧ʯͬʱ𣬲ұϵĹĻҲԽ
ûãɷħʯ쾧ʯͬʱ貵ĺ⣬һӣʯ·һۿɼٶȿʼڻһһ׵Һ壬ֱߣϵĵ·ĵͼȥ
һһ׵Һ壬ٶȲ죬ȥҪȥĹ򣬴ʱĹüͷչȻڵڷʧ⾳оȴеǳ泩
ڹٵԺ֮УԼһƬԭ֮ϣ֮£ḧ˫ϥ֮ϵ٣һζĿʱҵģùٸеޱȵĳ졣
ͬʱǰĲԶһţмصѧҲfɱ֣һһ٣ʫ黭ĻУͬһּ⾳
ǹԺеĻ棬⾳ָоٵľͻˣﵽ뻯۷֮⻹û꣬ٵ⾳֮֮еһǣԴ֡
ʱʵ֮Уһһ׵ҺѾǳӽĵͼˣʱѪһ˫ĿϵЦޱȣֻɿݵ͵İ˹ٵ֮ϣһǿڵѪз
ͽҲõհˣڰɣѪ׳ɾΪʦΪʦ˵أΪʦҪϵõĶ
ѪͷЦǱʵޱȣ·Ȫ֮ͶʵĶ˲ʵνپѪ沼µһ֣쾧ʯ֮ǰѾõˣֻȱɷħʯûеõ
ҲˣŻڵչΪͽĽԼѧڸͬʱٵն׳ùԼѰɷħʯõɷħʯ֮Ѫ治٣ͬʱյڵѪ
ѪıԣǴ֮ˣΪҲûٸɣֻΪԼļƻ޷죬ֻϧˡ
ʦ𰡣˵е̫ˣжţһ׼ǰôڵҪʳѽٱ˫Ŀ΢΢΢Ц
һѪ˲ʧɫϵЦסˣϢĹ򣬽һ˿ѪԼڵʼԴԴӿ뵽ٵڣеޱȵľ֡
ڹٵһεɫҩڷѪŵҩĽıҩڹȵ֮ѾڣΪ˷ֹѪ氵¶֡
ʵŵҩֻһųѣųҪʵҪǳӴѪԶˡ
ҪҵһģͽŹΪʦһأΪʦֻǹһʱ̰ѣŹΪʦһأҪ~~~~~
Ѫ˺ѷεĺţ忪ʼøɱչٵѪʳˣڵĳ˻
ʦʱ򣬽ύһֵܣҵܵ˵һ仰Ҿ÷ǳ˵˲վȣҪ㷢ҪʦһĶˣôҾͻΪ㻹ˣֻҲվȰ
һ䣬͵˫ĿһһҺҲײĵͼƣʱٱһҫ۵Ĺֱ֮ϣѪҲ׵ıһ߸ʬ
ٿǰɸʬѪ棬̾һ˵㲻ô̰ģȥİ


ʮ Ṧ֮澭е⾳
飡
һ죬Ҷ˱ɳϰֱײһɽֺ֮ݺݵڵϣҳһӣ֮ϣѦԴƲƲ죬ڵĲϰ̫ˣɲУҪҪЩõϰͨͨĻδӰʥûеʤġ
֮УҶ͵ĴգȻܵƲأǸͷģҲԵЩǱˡ
Ѿˣ˵һѦ̸һ˴˽һ£ʣµ켸ڰѦĴ
ʵ֤˵ѦϹǽеĵһṦϢǿѨ磬ѦṦҶĵУֻ似ݡ
ѦṦܿ죬쵽ҶĶûӦҳ־ԶҶİٱֹƶʱÿһĳ̶ȣΪľԼٶȣһܱԡ
ûҶôڣƶʱûаӰĴڣȴֿӰҶÿƶܷѳĲӰȥۻңĿĺܣȽѦȻ򵥣ȴһַ豹ĸо
ʱҶϵĻҳЦĿѦ𿪿ڵǰԴ֮ôһֱᣬҲûָҰ֣ôѪָ
ҶƤЦģѦҲεҡҡͷǰҶĳЩԼԸͦͬˬʵԸ಻
ˣһ㣬ѸͬȾˮƽ㽻սΪҪҳŵȱ㣬ڿѾˣҲһĸѦĿ˵
Ҷ΢΢üҲѦʩһ񿪿ڵѦǰߴͽ̣
Ѧĵ˵ͷҶҲпȡ֮ģʱ棬Ҳֵܷػ㵹൱⡣
Ѧһڵǵһ׶ΣڽҪҲͣսÿսҪڰ˸ʱϣһҪĵЩϰߣҪӦҵٶȡ
Ȼڵһ׶ɺǵڶ׶ΣδʮһѹȥڵĹΪǾ澭Ԫĳ̶ȣĹΪ̫ˣʮһﵽ澭ռһĹΪ
Ҳһ׶ΣҪԼʵʵ̶ȵңûɣôȥҵϣʱҲ֣бɱ
Ѧ˵֮󣬳ԤϵǣҶĲûгʲô겻ֻ߾Īֻǵ˵ͷ˵Ŷ⵹Ѧжһ㣬䲻Ҳѵá
ѦһЦŵ˵ͷ˵ȱǣ̫۾ЩʱҪ׽ԷΣһҪ۾ȥҪѧȥоѦ𿪿ڵ
˵֮ҶüͷšһһĿʵλôѾҵˣɸǰٶȰ
Ѧ΢΢һЦҡҡͷڵˣֻұĻһӶܸҵٶȣоҵƶȥ׽ҵƶ
һҶԵøãȻˣоԷƶ׽ԷƶͬһӦûʲôŶԣѦô˵·֮ţȫ
ѦҲҶĵɻ󣬵ȻһЦڵҲӦ֪뻯֮佻սǲȥ˹ռ˲սģΪ˫пռ֮ļӳ֣ռ˲ڱ˴˵ΣͬĵоҵƶҪѧȥоһеϸ΢仯
Ϊֻƾ׽ҵƶô㿴õ񾭷Ӧ巴ӦҲϰģϾ۲쵽ĶҪʱģʱ㹻ȡˡ
оҵƶôƶʱıܵ¶ȡȵȣܱ֪һǰΣΪΧһжĸ֪УӦȻܸϣ˰ɣ
Ѧһ˵֮ҶĶʱǰһѦĻеéٿֻȭֹһ񣬳˵лǰ㲦ǳպв̤ǰ𷣣
Ҷĵ̬Ѧ⣬˵ͷ֮΢Ц˵ҪסνṦ֮ɲֻǾһֶѣ书Ψ첻ƣ仰Ȼ٣Ҫﵽ٣ﵽĿ죬Ҫܵһܵһж֮Уһܱκ˶죡
Ҷĵͷֳ˵ǰպ࣡ĥ
Ѧ˵ͷڵӿɽҲˣ˵ҲˣôǼɣ

֮ʣҶѦٴչսҪ˵սҲԣӦ˵ҶĵİŶԣҶʼնûкһۣйһۣǼԸ񣬿Ѧкøд̵ҲǸӵĲ
ƶʱ򣬲Ҫ̫ĶҪĸɴ䣬С̫ˣ˫硢˫硢̡˫Ҫͬʱ
СӣҪͬʱֳôӰ̫ˣᵼȻҪѧı󶯣ڱ˹ʱȥѡ
עоĸı䣬ͷʱĲҪͬʱУҪֻ۾׳գ
ʱĺܿ죬գ۶ҶĵĽν죬ʾͲټԼҹѧ֮£ʱգѾܸѦϰٻغϣȴɲ·硣
ȻҶûѦ𣬵ӱϿ˵ʵѾ൱Ṧϣʱ˿̵ҶѦͬҲǲضãȻһжҪ鹦ѦĽ̵ʽǳҶģŻͻͽһ졣
ҶҲĺܣʵѦûоȫȥսֻҪԼЩϰ߸ѣԣֻҶʶԼĲ֮ǻ֡
ѦڵľΪǿѹ͵Լͬĳ̶ȣ֮Ѧ𣬵ܿ쵽ʲô̶ȣҲҶвûжԼڵĳɼеմմϲǸӵڷ
ѦƶҶĵĵһ׶ƻ֮󣬽ǵڶ׶εƻˣҪʮҶĵĹΪΣӾ澭Ԫռһĳ̶ȣȻҶıˡ
ʮҶļǵҩԣЩҩҩЧûҶĵĽűÿһζҪѴȥҩҩЧÿһζҪԱĸо
ȻǣҶÿҪҩҺʱҲ֪ЩҩҺôģҶڽݵʱʵǿ಻ԣ··ǧڹĹǣ⣬ĥĽ֮ǿ಻ԡ
֮ЧǷǳģȻҶÿ춼ڼ尾ĥжȹҩҺ뵤ҩ˫£ҶڵʮͻƵ˾澭ռһĹΪ
ʱҶֻ̥ݣʮǰʱȫˣʵ𵱳ǸԼǿʮֹҸҪǣҶͻƵĲֻǹΪľΪҲͬʱ뻯۷壬ڻһЩͻ
ҶͻƵ澭ռһʱоضһˣ澭гĳַǳ⾳⾳оΧеĳһַǳҶĽ֮ΪԪǣҶһһµ뷨
ڵڶ׶εԲ֮󣬵׶εʽʼһ׶ˣҲƲҶҪ֮ڻѦѦҲ飬֮бɱ
һ죬ҶѦٴչս벻ǣѦˣܵĸɴ䣬ҲκεɣҶԴһʽϡ
һҶĵӥצһַǳɶ׾ٵ˺ѦǻĻǺѦûüӦʱѾʺ֮ϡ
ºѦҶԴһʲôãȻôҶҲ͵ԪͻƵ澭ռһʱоΧȻԪԪļӳ£һܹͻһеֱκĿ꣬һһһܺĵŶͽо@񡤻Ԫһɣ


ʮ Ѱƹ󷨣
֪ⷽ۷ܹʮȻǧ±а֮󣬾ֻʣ˸ˣҫͻƵ֮ͨİ˲칬Ҳ˳Ϊ
ĳֻоŸÿһԼص㣬Ϊ⣬ŵɽפطǳر𣬲˸̻ԻͣĿ⡣
ŵɽפغƽҲͨһͨĲͨĴׯׯĹģǧǼޣһСׯģĴׯⷽǶ緱ǣ
ׯ˶ŵĵӣǸѰɲͬǣǹúУƽиŮ֯żоһ󷨣żһ¹ÿ˶ĺУׯһĸо
ȥźƽǴƽиֳƽĵطŵ̫УǵľΪǿǼӣĶ۷ʵҵг洦ɼ
ŵ뻯ߣȻ˶ʮ֮Ȼ϶뻯ڵڵˮ׼Ҳһɷǳֲˣ˵嶼ţΨһԱȽϵҲֻаˡ
ҲڵСׯΪģԲڲκεɽˣԼʲôⷽԲڲκεķ빴Ķǣһĸо
֮ͨ۷ǿߣȴֻԯһˣҲ㹻ˣҪ֪ԯܵǳϣڵƷɻδ޵֮ʱѾС֮۷ǿˣƷɼҪһǰֻϧǰȴһʮʮͯ
СӣǸֵܣܲ˵ŵСǰвﶼܣ㿴ҪҲϲȥɣһΪʦҲңڣҲдɽˣһѽ
ԯЦĿߵָУ޽ɵ˵ⷬΧĵѼֲ֣û˰Ļһ£ԹԵڵȦȦһЩضλðڷߡ
ʦ˼ͣһòãôҲǽʸǰˣôܽźϲǰ˲칬ȥ˵ȥᱻЦģǻأָз˷ۣε˵
ڵΪָиõ뵽ҫߣԯһʱָʦţȻֻϵʦţǶ˵ʦͽֻǴڵģ˵ĸûиı䡣
ָǰ˲칬ĵѾ˲칬ԼĵڶңڱտҲǰ˲칬ΧĵֱüԯҲö˵ʲô
ʱŵĵڲһʷѰ󷨣󷨵ֽѰһѰ󷨣̽һΧбص
һɣκﶼΣ󷨵ķΧ룬ǾҪ˭Ϊˣε۵ԯܱˡ
ʵ⡮ѰԯȻܽת£串ǷΧޱȿֲܺأа̳Ȼᱻ̽鵽
СӣҲ֪ΪʦԸҪûλʦôΪʦʦţͱʦܹˣֱΪʦʦˣҲûʲô˲ţΪʦݼҵܲû˽ְɣĵ͸˵˵£ԯܴյָжߣϸĻɴΧǵĶУǸе쳣Ρ
ʵҲûԯ˵ôµ˲콾вٵģЩҪǸָбŲٵĲ࣬Ҫ˵ܽӹԯ²ˣҲͷָĪˡ
Щµа˵ͷʦҳЩ̳ɣҿɲĵʧ⼸һֱ£ûʲôҳĵطһһҪвСָа˰֣˵
ָģԯҲٿЦֻɫһ˵ͷ漴ߵѾúõͼģ漴ӡ˫Ŀ͵ı˵ľ⣬ӡ֮󣬵ϵͼɢһҫ۵Ĺâ
ڹâһ˲䣬˷ɴܳʮµӳͼʮµӣ԰Ϊһͼ֮УԷֱۼڰ˸Χһš
ʮµͬҲ󷢾ͨŹ⣬˶Եׯ϶ʥϵͼҲԽ貣·ʲôҪͼдܳ⻭Ŀޱȡ
ɾ죬£ԻãΣ޼Ǭ跨Ѱ󣡡ԯһȣԵùӶֲɣ˻ζ˸ǱһӲӵĻӰƣޱȡ
ԯܻ֮ʣʮµҲͬͬĴȵ޼Ǭ跨Ѱ󣡡
һ䣬ϵͼ֮УһɫֱʣͬʱһɫӰҲͼзɴֱ֮ܶϣͬʱһ쳹֮䡣
ɫֱҪִ֮ʱ˲ֹס漴ΪһſŽӲӵĹ㣬һӣЩ·һڻγһƬĻʼ˷ɢȥ
һʱһɫӰͼзգҲһһٽ֮ʱֽ֮Ľɫ㣬ЩɫٴڻҺ壬뵽֮ǰĹĻ֮УĻĸǷΧ˺ü֡
ÿһʱͼбɳһɫӰ뵽Ļ֮УʱԯܵĻָеԺС
СӣܹҪ˰ʮںϣܴﵽʱҲպһ£һҲţΪʦΪһ֮ǰ󷨣ǸʵǹڰԵ˵㣬Ϊʦĸ֮ʵӦҲܲõĳֻǣǧҪȥıⷽصĹƵġ
ʧָ֮пһеԯܣ̾һʩһ֮תȥڴһƬСָֺһռ˲һé֮ڣǰһŷ֮ϣڷһᣬıдšʮɱ߸֡
ʮɱָѧ󷨣ָд֮󣬵һʱøԯܽоԯܼ֮ʦҲòָ̾е츳û뵽ԼͽȻܴع󷨡
ϧǣԯо֮ȴָ֪򲻵òôҲҪԼǰܲãΪ󷨴عƣԲ󷨵˵Ҫ⵽Ǵġ
ⷽصĹʲô뻯ɱ뻯µǿߣԣǰؾΪķּعƱƣôؽңͬʱعҲήǴĨȥô֮˵Ĵڡ
ָ֪Լɹáʮɱ󡯻ʲôĺǾǱⷽصĹǴֱĨɱǣԼǴ֮ǰһĨɱ޼ĻôԼҲֵõġ
ǾʮɱĨɱ޼ôȻܣعܴң仹ʲôܵסôǿƷɶܰɣ
ָлߵǰľ̯֮ϸĿûֻܴƿռô˰ٱֹʹ޼ŵռΣǻ컯֮Ϊܹƿռػİ
ָž᳤̾һҡҡͷ漴һһɨеľ̻Ϊ˷ɻң漴ִСȡһᣬҲͬдšʮɱ߸֣Ǵδǰ㱾
ʦ֪ΪҺãǣЩұҪȥԣܽ޼ĨɱֵǻΪģôһԥȥԣʦõΪһΰɣָе૵֮г˼ᶨɫеľ֮ȻȻתȥһӣָ˲Ƶһɽ֮ϡ
ָнеľ̯ڵأ漴ϥžеַָгһʼԺ󷨵ĲãҪһﳹϤ
Ҫ֪ʮɱֱ֮ӻ˹ȥʱԼȻԼ󷨷ǳİӦþعľɣ
ǴὫĨɱôôͶһʱ䣬Ĩɱ޼֮ĨɱҰɣΪҵֵܣһжֵõģ


ʮ ŰԤеһУ
ѩѱУһͻȻһͬʱһɴ̱ǵ͸ھҵĲͺڱһ㣬ԵúǹŹ֡
ĽȻ°ͣգ˼ƤתͷߵĽڵ๫ǵڼˣۼұŮڹĵʲôأ
Ľһ㶣漴ڻصŮ˵ҪŰ΢һ£ԭ߼ȥȡ侫أ
ĽȻ˵ͷʵ๫Ѿȥˣ
ңĽص
˵Ůᱻըɷ˰ɣôһ㶯ûأĽȻ˷ۣû˵
ԱŮΪıը˲ģĽûĺĽȻһۣĻص
ŶĽȻ˵ͷûãһǱ˼ЦĴӹ߳ʱǱĹԵģǻͷģ·ոڵϴƵģǧ˿ҳɼƵģ˿ȥôͷؤʡ
ȻȥǳĲϵıȴǸϲ˫ϸһߣһɫһֻ˫ĿһգգĿϵߣԹԵɵЦͣ
ɫŰˣԭܹ߼Ű˹ƶһذ
һ۷尵˵еİɲڹ̶İֻ̬Ҫ۷尵֣϶רԼİ̬ξҪ˼άԼˡ
·עΪģ԰֮ŵ츳ԼרԼŰʱҲǳ˼룬ߴŰ
ʱգ󾫣ԭȵߴŰ⣬ϸѧĿƼŵĻϣʲ˼ȫµŰ
ڻصѩѱ֮ĵʮ죬Űе׻һֻ̡һƷѡ
ʱۼһɵЦͣĽĽȻһۣͬʱһǰһĿǰɵЦŵ
ĽȻŵסļȻһͿһ߿һţŮİɣ㱻ըɳմҲúչģİɣҵıŮ
ĽȻԽ˵ԽңиǷһ˿Ứǿǰ·һףεķ˷ۣĿĽȻ֮󣬿ڵװ鷳ҪһһէĺòãˣǶڣ׸ҲһŰɣ
һ㶣漴һ΢ЦͷԼĪʱ֮ĽȻŴһƨڵأ˰֣ڵˣˣŮŰҷ俩
ۼĽȻڵҡͶ΢΢һЦתͷǰԶĽЦأҪô
Ľһ϶ϳڵı潣߷Բʮڵĵϣ˱潣ĶϽкһϰٰ֮࣬ⳡǾޱȡ
ĽеĶϽ漴΢΢һЦڵŮΪһУ
һ䣬ĽҲ׼ʱ䣬ֻδ˫һϣϰٰѱ潣ĶϽкȫĽǰһ䣬еĶϽ·һ㣬ֱȥƾƼ产ˡ
潣塤o˫ѩo޼⣡
ĽһڣƼͣƸǾ춯أؿֻһһϵɶת˲һΪʮʮһȦһȦ󣬲һ֮·һ©һ㣬״ء
һӣ̧һƴǰֱ߶棬һƵͨʮĲ㴫ݣֱӱŴʮֹǵˣһɷ֮ҵĺ·죬ǿֱӽǰϰٰѱϽ֧顣
Ű׻
ʱĽ΢΢ü֮ĺĤһʹڵѪе㷭жԷѲұСȻ𾴡
ʱĽͻȻһĶһӣĽʱеͷۻƵģʼᣬûеԶ΢Цҡɫ
ĽʱʧɫһתɲȴʼȲסΣߵķ׹ȥĶͣûһ죬Ľ͸еԼ·©һģڵѪҲԽȻˡ
Ű塤һǣ
Ľ׹֮ʣջȥĽȴѾʧǰգ۶ѳǰ
ŮŰֶΣΪȻΪѹƵƽĳ̶ȣڹΪϣΪ˿ûѹư֣ΪʵҪŰˣΪ֮ˣǷסŰĽЦӯӯ˵
Ҳһ֮ǰԼеɲס֣ʶóԼĸ׶˵ˣʵе治ˣڵԵе㾽ȡ
ûɣĵʵг֮⡣
ʱĽȻ΢Цߵߣļ򣬿ڵ֮۷أƶ˵ͲֵһɹŮõĵŶ
Ե˵ͷЦݣԼĵ΢Цʵף㲻ɣ
ĽһЦԴڵҵıŮž֮ǣǿİĳŮİǳĲΪ׶Ϊе
ΪŮʵһ¾ǵõԼĸϿɣǵŬǵĸòԼĸϿɣôһж塣
׶ĽĻ֮ϲ⣬бȳۻĽȻҲѵһأḧգ˵ŮһֱҵĽֻԼûͯʱ㣬ô
΢ЦҡͷЦеĻصȻףҲɼǲˣ׾ÿǷĻԺҪõŶ
˵֮ŶգգƤЦתŹȥĽĽȻ˻һЦ˶һ۴ӱ˴˵жܿǷοͻԼŮԼůİ
ڽʮһŰеġ̡һԼĵżͥůһڣҫǾ͸ˡ
صѩѱĵڶʮ죬̡ǵɣ̴Ͽƽƽ棬ֻһͨḶ̌һ֮Լˣ֮ͨǿ߶ܵ˺İɣж̸ǰ֡
̣ΪֹģʽһȺһǵ幥֣֮ǿѹ뻯۷֮ĸ̵֣ȫԻ֮ͨ۷֣ŰҪġ
ʱһѩɽۣ֮ܺȴûһ֮ڣڽʱҪȹͥܰˣŰҲɹˣھʣԼԤеһˡ
ֻһ漴վֱ˫Ŀתo˪ת˶Ӽͬʱɴӳּ֮һƬһ˲䣬˷·뵽֮УԵü
ͻȻһ˫Ŀһ»ѩ֮зɳʮö۵ʯǰ漴˫һӣǰʯӱʮöͨͨ͸ǰǧ׺ɽ壬Զת˲ʧ٣ܹ䴩ɽʯӣԴʽˡ
Ӽ뷱ɷȡoޣСɳɴ硢ơɣɟoޣأһе֣ͽoһɣ


ʮ ֮أѪĻع飡
̳ɽ֮ϡ
СֵܣôҪ֪ɲʲôѰյأ뻯ڵΪǺİ˫һգգĿǰߴ˵֮дżֳɡ
߰˳ߣ˶ŨüۣٸˣȻȻһְ֮һŭ֮࣬ǳ°
ۼԥ°Ҳ̾Ϣһڵ֪ڹʲô޷ҲҵǣҸĸЩƣǵʵ֮ͻȥģҪٽһ̲ٴͻơ
ҵLȻѾͻƵһں뼺ĳ̶ȣǣҪаľŴʥȴɲ㹻ҲֵǵĺȣҪͻȥﵽǴ˵еѪ磬Ի³ȫ
ų°쳣ᶨҲΣҡҡͷ̾ϢLҲ֪һ֮Ȼ֮ΪõϹžڹķѪֻһŶѣδؾʵĴڣֺαأ
°һЦѪǲǻҪԹԺ֪һᣬŻûϨȥЩɵ飬ѵһгɾ͸еô£ĻӦҲйľɣ
һʱǰһѽԼ°ô͵ʱ򣬲Ҳܶ飬ɹЩ˵ɵôʹˣŻϨˣǵˣȻʱǷݴеηηβīسɹء
˿Ƴһ۳°Цһ˻ǸҸɣˣĸҫҲˣˣפ̬ҲѾЩˡҲգȻ֣ұȫ㣬˵ǰͷʲô⣬ɲر£ϾԸġ
ۼɿڣ°дϲʩһ󣬿ڵȻһкԼеڴ˶лµĳȫ
΢΢һЦ˰ֿڵˣˣôŤŤģڸɣ
°΢Цͷתеһţ°Ҳȥ򿪰˽ȥһǰһͨһȣ֮߹һݣһֱȥûñһãõм䴦һ޵Ԩ
ָǴ޵Ԩ˵ҾĽ̶ҲⷽȻ͵һ֮ء̶ֱͨе޴ѷ죬ѷĵײ磬̶Դһɷǳǿ沼硣
ͬʱ̶֮Уκ˵ľΪᱻѹƣһͨˣͬʱݲһ˵뾫񣬳޷һʱҪûǿ͵ԣ̶֮оǱľ棬һΣȷҪȥô
֮أ̶ʵⷽе׵յػкܶģڶ׵յ֮ܳƵǼ֮صģҲֻѣڵޱһռһ̶Ҳһ
˵ǰ㣬̶֮ŵⷽص֮أΪصĴڡ
һ̶һ޵Ԩûоͷڶܹͬʱ뾫磬ͬʱ⵽ݲСصκ̶ĻһľΪữΪУһͨˡ
̶ˣȻ͵ģΪԲع֮ڣ˵ֻ֮עų°
°Ҳû˿֮⣬Եøļᶨֻ˵ͷնĻصҷǳȷ
°֣Ҳ裬ֻóһɫĵݸ°ڵôҩ㶨ĳһ㱻̶ͣȥ̶֪һʵ޾Ԩûд˵סΣֹ׹ȥ
°˵ͷӹ֮˵ֱȥ漴챧ȭһһһͷ̶֮С
ôĿų°̶˫̶ֱЦL񹦵ѪôСһѡ˵ط
ʱ̶֮ڵĳ°ڲͣ׹ÿ׹ܸоԼľΪֹס˥ˣ׹֮ľѾ˥˵˳֮Ǵʮ׵ľ룬Ѿ׵ıһûоΪͨˡ
Ҳʱ򣬳°׹οʼӲֹͣ׹֮ƣ֮У°ܣΧĹ߷ǳĻ谵ԼԼ֮У°ܿԶұڣȴʼûȷıԼڵķλ
ʱڳ°Ľ͵Ĺһ쫷磬쫷ɨʱ°ֻеÿһ缡·ڱиһ㣬ͬһʹ˷·ھһ㣬°е಻ԡ
쫷ɨ֮󣬳°ڴڵĴŴϵ麹ͣĵոһ쫷缸ɨ˵ɣ̶ֲҪԶĿͷ˵
绹湻ֲģ˺ҵ壬ͬҲܵĴˣ⼫֮ػ治˵˵ģȵȣ˵ﲼ磬ɸոֻһ°аզ࣬ͻȻ͵һвһַǳõԤС
һӣ°ŵµٴιһ磬ɨʱ°û۵ĲҺ
ʹз·Ǵӹд°оԼڻ˿ÿһ缡˺ѷΰľʹάֵʱǳãάһʱ䶼ûм˵ļ
УԲȥһᱻȥѾһ̶ȵٲֿĻһȫʬġȻҵľΪѵȻ޴棬ҵĹΪڣLֿɣ
°ҧгݵɨжݺݵţʱϵƤѾѿһڣѪֹסʶֻգ֮˱ԳһѪˣҪжңϧҵĻں档
°תL񹦣Ȼķ֣ԼȻûʩչ֮еκһʺɵĵûɰ֣ڵ˲˷ǳͨѰǰ㣬ûκԵĴڡ
ʱ˿̵ĳ°ѾɫҰף亹ֱΪ뾳ΪʧȥˣԼҲֻǱͨ΢һˣ°ԼܲܰùһϮвĲ˿־֮⡣
УҲܴùģҪȥֵһ̣ҪѪҪΪֵҾԲܾʹ˷Բܣ
°ҧгݵеǹɼ벻־ȫ汬ҪѪֻΪԼΪԼֵǣպаʱΪһĴڣΪֵѪԼֵǵһŵ
ʱ򣬵ݺݵɨ°ûаֵľ⣬絶ͻȻ°ڵѪ˲䱬һɼǿɫֱϣɽһ񱬷ڳ̶Ķֱ֮͸񷶥Ƽ产ˡ
վ̶Եһ˫ţۣĿǰɳɫһɷǳְԵһŨŨѪ
Ǵһᣬ漴¶ϲ֮ɫЦѪѪʧǧ֮õѪعˣСһ˰
ʱĳ°ĳһγ°ûǰǰԳϮǸоǳ̹֪Լ֮ǰһѪѪȫܹĳ
ԭѪΪý˾ְҵľǿҵػҵ࣬ҵǿҵʣˮӳҵĽǣѪҵǱѪ
Ѫĸ£ҿһҪõʱֱþͿˣ˻Զ棬Ƿ㰡ҹѪһͳһܺͣ治Ǵ˵еѪ


ʮ αװֶΣļı
ԭħŵ£ϧĻʲôħŵĴڣνħʵаǳ֮䣬ħֱѱ䡣
ֱšս񵺡ɽׯйڣħžֻʣšɽţԼħεħ֮׼ҡ
׼ҵǿǿԶʤŵκһţѱҪûа׼ҿ׽֮аİŻа˶֮ĺħ׼ţֻ˵һ麣ϡ
ʱٴ˱䶯ҫ˸ԿʼԼ֮ú󣬰֮е˶ڶһһȪۣȪˮ֮дż±֮ͬã棬˵һľ֮ء
ǵ׼ңҰĽһ̽Ȫ۵λʱȴѾҵλãǳɵǣڵλսڽĺΧħѱе
ֻǣڵ֪һ֮󣬷ǵûзȪۣǵ룬ҲûĴкֻһս񵺵ĺΧĶûзӦ
һ£ǰѰĸŵˣʵǽĲУԼӵĽֵܣҲ൱ԼƵģҪиʲôôԼôҫҪһشӳ飬ϧǣҲˡ
ûʧˣ·Ƶڶȫʧȥټֱպϵ֪ȻѾս񵺵֮ˣ⵹ϡĺܣǰ󲻹һʱ䣬ôƾʧˣ⵹ϡĺܡ
ҲʲôˣҪ˵ǾԲÿռ˲ƣֱӴ͵սڵΧڵģҪ֪ɵ뻯ּӽλˣҪǰΧˣǿ׶༪١
ο_ս񵺵ǿɶ뻯۷ǿߣͬʱֵĻɲֻ׶༪ôˣܲ˵׼Ҫ˵ÿռ˲ƴˣǸܣûôɵ
ûÿռ˲ƵĻô޷Ҳ;뿪һǵ棬һϣɸðĸеֵǣ׼ұ鲼߶ûз١
Ȼº֪Ϣս֮ϣôκ˷ֵĿĵصأʵİ˼⡣
һģʵ˵һǳ򵥵飬ڵ֪Ȫ۵λ֮һ˲սΧʮ֮һСϣȻڰҫǱѧĶйıԼԭе
˼죬ԸıЩ̸ֹ֫ϵϰߣƤ߸ıԼòȻ˵ʱĵ󳹵׻һˡ
ڵĳӵܣôҡڵս֮Уƭս񵺵ˣĵ߶˹ȥıˣαװ飬ھǰҫ˶δܿαװ
αװַȥͨҲףʵȴŴѧʣѧʣѧģҪִ֪Ƽ糤ˡ
񶼾ǿսӣսӵܶӳ̶ֳȵαװ뷴׷ٶ˵ֱСһԼս񵺵ϣԷãȻ֪
ĴѶƽ֮΢΢һЦǰǾ޴ĳǳأ漴߰ͷ­ͦţҡֽȣķųǳſȥ
ſڵʱسǵľʿͿʱһ޻³˰˾һ͵Ķ档
ЩسǵľʿҲò׼ݣǸ˵ļƣΪʲôҵĹӣҲûеֻǰ˼ˡ
Ҳǽַӵ쾡µĵز˶ñǿף˫۾ûƽӹκˣڱִ֮Ʊﳤȥ
ЩʿȻϲ񣬶ıӰͷ֮ͣһֱŶļƣͬʱʩչǿƣ޵еƱ·֮£׾ٵ֪˱Ȫ۵ľ
ȪһַǳصĴڣҲȻ͵ģλսһµ֮ϣҲΧıԵҲ˵µպսʹĽ紦ͬʱϽ
Ľ紦ȪѾͿˣǱүˣظɣɨˣ
һ¥֮ϣһܻվҪſȥӣǻæվ׺˵ӲҪҪҰѻ˵꣬鲢е
αװļ֣ԼΪһҵãǳģҵĹӸɽˮ£ǰҲûɡ
ǺˣԼͨκεķ紵ݶӲߣ˵ͨ׵һ鱨ģڴʱëԼģֽ죡
ۼżæŵİԼ£͵ЦԼܹõˣȻ룬ȴװе㲻ͷû˵ǾͿ˵һģ֪Ķôٲġ
˵漴óһƱϣĵ˵㣬ҲǺǺɵЦţ˫һգգֱĿϵƱԹҲ֮࣬ϼֿ˻
֮Ʊѹ֮£֪޲޲ʵ˵˳ԭȪ۵Ĵڣսڶûв
֮ԲΪӱֻһƽƽˮ̶ѣǷҪͬʱޱԹ˲ܽ伤ҼķǽԼѪ빦ͬʱעȥС
Ե˵ͷƱվſڣһ߻һǵõȼĸֹУҵĹɲ£ˣѵóһһߵȺˡ
Ļᣬ͵ֹͣȴҲȥģͷĽͳ˰ЦͣҲǰȻĻ˼еûģֻʣһڰڡ
쿴˿ϵƱǸ߸˵͵Ķ磬ո˵ĻȻǳĳãʲôĪп϶ʲôܼȪۣҪмӲС
һͨȷ٣ʵȴս񵺶Ķе϶ӽҪŪʵݣϾսϴƱĹӣеͷûгˣֵȥע⡣
ڽʮɹŻӻ޶ȵԶıɫ֮ս񵺵ڲԱҲй۲
ûãʮŻ֮ϣҿʼӴǽӴһ˲䣬ս񵺳ʮ񾳵ĸֽ˸Ѻ
ǣս񵺵ĸȺ֮ǷԼˣˣȺ˲ʲôϼˣֻһȺƽƽԻѣƤ֮ԳĶȻͬȺԻеһԱ
֮ҪαװΪǰһǴƱǹΪ֮һԻǴ꽻ƤߣﲻͣĻƵأĺЩһӵԻȻǻΪͷ­Ѫġ
֪һ֮ûը˷ΣһеʼٸȻʵ֮ʵ֮ս񵺵ĸǸˣתʱǰѾͶȪ֮ˡ
ѪҺ빦֮Ȫ۱׼ǳļ±֮ϲ漴Ҳ˽ȥʼתаȭ죬ȪǾޱȵıʼա
֮󣬴˸ϵ֮ʱνıȪıһƽƽˮ̶ҵϻдʺ򣺡ǺأҪл֪μȪۣΪ˲һƬ⣬ȪΪѵˣ


ʮ ιʵأ¶ߴޣ
βݡOֻϻ֦Щöñˣ
ŵϳһŵĶݣһӾͽЩһԵץУȻһһڵ̳ţһĻҪǱ˿ƻᱻŵıȥ
Ҫ֪ԵЩɶǾ綾ޱȵĶݣѰ˱˵ˣжΪ͵пֱܱӶУľ綾֮ＸǳͣڳǶһ㣬̷ͣޱеĶ
ޱѾȥ˰µĹ⾰Ѿ̷˽һٶֵĶݣЩĵرţͲмһˡ
⵹ԼĹʹȻʣ̷ֻж֮øǿټľļӳ֣ЩжĻȴ°빦˵õĴ֮
ľ˼壬巽Բγ򶾾ԪԲ֮ʣշȫ汬֮£Բڴݲ֮ƹǸ̼ܽ˶ֻʣһǼܣ¶֮ס
ȻľֲˣҪﵽԲ֮Ƿǳѵģ򶾣򶾣ȻҪֶ壬پںγеĶأܷӳǿֲĶ
ܲסֶأδԼҪˣˣľǾһճ̶Ȳվ±ֻ̤߰գֻһ֮䡣
鶾壬Ϊ죬ߺƶκζضżֲļӳ֣ôֻһַǳͨĶأ鶾ļӳҲתҪľ綾ͬʱɶҲûм޵ģκζԼ⵽ų⡣
ǿͨɵģȻصĶûǰֲҲ൱˵ˣ߿Ըؽ˳ҵĹЧһԲߣҸȱݾ屾ɶޣһĶأᱻɼ
Զ֮鶾岻컹Ǻ죬һǿ˵ʣһǿҪӵ鶾壬ܹһǧ
ľ鶾ֱǾ䣬ޱҪԼľԲʱҪɱĹ裬ʮþˡ
˵ޱ֣ԴĹת֮ޱֿҵĿԣޱֳΪ޶ǵã˻ޱ¶ߴ޳ûޱֱԽ
ȻޱֱñȹȥӻңҲӵգڵĹΪ뾳Ϊ˵ֻҪϹʮ޶ޣޱУǺ޼ɡ
˵ߴ޵ĳûҪһֻͺˣھԲҲֻʮֶضѣҪĶȻԽԽãּĶʵǿİһǰȥһ
ޱ֮ҲûһضĿĵأôԹԵй䣬ߵģݾͳԣﶾ޾ɱһ·ʵոսʱǿ߳࣬ͬڿ޾ʮĳɹΪĽν
ûãǰ·ʼ߰ƽܸǳһſű̦ǵĶкһȥ޾Ǿޱȡ
лһֱаɿľڵأþ֮ʱĿɿڴ˫ͫһС㣬з·һɾξˣþòƽϢѪǲ
Ǻǣԭǻϼ˰Ц֮ɫһҡͷš
ǵƷɵٵǧС԰ľַ֮ιʵһأʱǨĿи̾ͣԼĳ˵ˣҪǰҫԼѾĹ򶾾Ԫˣʵȫʬ
׷֮ʱĶ䶯˶ԶĺɱǱʲôڼҵսɣջ˼к棬һķ˲˹ȥ
û뵽žȻģ¶ߴ޵Ĵڣһߴ֮׵ֻǺõˡ
һֵĿǰһͷޣֻһ޵һ˦βнһžɱ˹ȥܻŮ꣬Χͷޡ
Ⱥݵһ۷һǰɽűаƣŲಿԼͽ˰˲칬Ѱӻ˲칬ҲˣϢ֮
ڰ˲칬䲼ϽԴŻӻ֮ڸĴҲҵԴҲڲʼΪ˷ֹɽգµޱռĵرڵԴ
ϧЩùˣǸޱûãȻ¶ߴ֮һҲǰֻˡ
޳һԾ޳ᣬͷһѪɫǣ±һӲӵǣβͳһɿ⣬״һͷζޣֻߴ֮һѪڽ
Ѫڽ䶾֮͹ھߴޣΪһ࣬ڵѪڽ꼫Ϊǧ꣬ԽͷƬѪɫǻԽʵײǷ뻯ɵ֮ǿֲĶѰ뻯ǿսҲ׶༪١
ϵʱһ۾ϳѪڽдϲҲûų֣ʥͫɨ£ЩѪڽսΧһֻŻ
ŮҲ񾳵ĸִڣǿһ˻гڵľΪϧͷڵѪڽѾǱȫѹţοΧһֻĴڡ
ʱһ걻ѪڽβɨУʱѪһβ͸ɨ˳ȥʱߵһþ͵Ĵܳһɫֱȥ
ɫ˫Ŀ죬һǶɣߣһɫƬɢĹ⣬һϸɢ˵ĺ⣬ٶȿʯգ֮ѽ˵˸ʵ֮һһϰҺһȻпʼڻļ󣬶֮ͺš
ǣǣߴ޵ˣˣˣˣ֮ǰ̽꼸ѾǾˣ֮г˾֮ɫе
ΧļҲͬŵòᣬһɫͣߴ޵Ѫڽûϣˣ֮ΨһŮӣԵôݵ
ŮȻǱ˫ۣƺܸӦΧһУֻת̧ͷһþϣŵЦλǰɷִһ£СŮӸм
ŮתϵѰʱ˶סˣŮӵòȻǾɫҲһһĴˣɵһۿŮӵòʱʱ˫۶е벻Ůӵˣϸе㷢̣֪Ӧýһɣ
ȻԣҲŶʮ꣬ҪǰŶ
һڻص漴һϷɳֱ¡
ʱѾе곹׶һǼܾѪԱȫգһʹ̽ӣѪڽҲͬʱ˶ĿȻҲ̽ӣ̽ӣѾŵ̱ڵأ뷨ûˡ
ǧһ֮ʣһźݺݵ̤Ѫڽͷ­ϣһŲȵڵأſռ֮ѹȣѪڽȻһŸѹڵأֶá
Ѫڽѹ֮͵һۣı䷽˹Ƴһֻ磬ץס­ߴ֮ſռ֮ķʱֱͬҲǶá
һסߴ޶ޣʵΧŮĿɿڴŮҲ΢Цͣ
ǽͬʱһƳѪڽľڵһŽڵ븹УһĻǿΧһڣߴ޶ڵ˵ֱδţǰоޱȡ
ҲΧ˵ıΣתͷŮӣ΢Цʹ﷼
Ůһ΢ЦСŮӣࡤأ
һЦ˵ͷڵҽл䣡
δ
̫ˣ


ʮ ս¾봴Уϣ
СһǷֱҲ˰ɣ
ţ壬ˣ
Ѿôʱû죬Сӵʵ͵ûȣϾǲ϶п˵أ
Ǻǣ˵ﻰνϵҿֵ꣬ЩҪѧϰѧϰǿľأ
ǺǣСһԽԽ˵ˣϽҲҪȴ֪Сһ׼ô
׼
߰ɣúû
룡
һһǳ԰ҫ¾֮ĿУҫصѾˣ񶼸Ҳû̫ı仯еĹ뵱û̫ı仯ı仯λòڵ棬ڵصףϣںס
ûԴ񶼵涼баƽ֮ʮָӹپʩչֶν񶼸ǨƵϺף˵ȥ˲֪ٱ񶼵ĿƼˮ׼вںҲʲôܵ顣
ڻص֮󣬰ҫҲ߷Լнʶĺѣá䡢ָӡϼáѧԺĽ˹ԼսӵܶӳǣҫĵҲϲѣȻⲻһٳԺȡ
ҫҲѵʱһ£ȻǸǺúõľһۣͬʱҲǺúõдһ£Ȼǲö˵ģͬʱΧҫ£ֻغڱʧȥսҫˣ˫֮ĲѾˡ
֮ҫְݷ˳¾ţǲ֪˭ڰиҫǾ˵ʵ˳¾ţڿɺó¾ֱϰҫҪԣҫҲû취ֻܸһˣзһҪҵǸܵˣȻݺݵ
ʱ˿̣ҫ¾һ䣬ⷿǧƽ״СһС͹㳡ûκĴڣȻǳ¾ⲼõıԳء
վ֮󣬳¾Ҳϻһչƣֻһֱҫȥų¾ųԼҫ˲еһɱ˵¾ŻǲһˣƾƥЩ֮ͨ۷ˡ
˵ʱʱ죬¾ŵٶǿզ࣬գ֮˰ҫǰ漴̧һȭֱҫţƴһȭּֿҿȥֻͨͨһֱȭʵȴŽǶϵı仯ҫûܡ
ҫ΢΢üһҪ¾һȭƽӴ¾ŵȭ֮ʱϴľɫһ䣬Լ߳ɹµһƾһɽ嶼ܸĿˣʱȻ˳¾Ű֣һȭľǿֲ˼㡣
ʯһ˲䣬¾һЦȭץһСֱĿס˰ҫţ漴˳һҫ˹һӣһǸλߺݺݵĺ˰ҫ֮ϡ
¾ŵĶˮһǳɣֵɬͣ٣ʱٶȸǿ磬ҫӦʱؿѾصİһš
ҫֻоؿڴһҵʹͷһ˱һɾ޴ĳ˳ȥײĽǽϣǽڸײİȥһ׶¾ƽƽһţ⾢ǿֲĺˡ
СӣҶĹ̫ôԼĵ˾ȻģҸ߹ˣ¾һ˵԰ҫ֮ǰı൱Ĳ⡣
ֻǳ¾Ŷ⣬ҫԼԼʧ͸ڸոһ̣ҫ֪Լһһ᷸Ĵеӳ¾ˡ
뵱¾ŵаŴʥ֮һʥʱڰҫͷ·һ޿ƥУڲһˣ԰ҫļʶʵʥĻܽɹ
ټϰҫһ·Ӯ࣬ľΪѾﵽ֮ͨ۷ǿߣпʼһֲӢ۷İ֮ǰԳ¾ʱҲ̬Щӳ¾š
ûҵ̬ԣΪԼľﵽ֮ͨ޵ˣʵ뷨޲ɼⷽرǿ˺֮࣬δսʤǾѾʼˣһǲ֪νĺܰҫ̾Ϣ漴һǴȫԸˣֻһ˳˽ǽ¾ŵǰ
壬лѣ˵Ķԣ֮ǰҷˣȻþʧҫų¾ŹһһȻ֮ɫ˵
¾΢΢һЦĵ˵ͷӿɽҲǼɣ
ҫ˵ͷøһ𣬾˲˶幦һɫĻ𾢲ƣ˷··һ㣬Ƽǿʢ
ۼİҫȻ˵ƣ¾ҲԵе𾪣漴Ǹ߸߹ЦܺãСӻеŵƣѾԶˣʹ졣
˵꣬¾һǿֻηɴܶһתɨߣȴǿҵĺХֱҫĲȥһļͻȻҾ֮ʣȷѾðҫе㴭
ڰҫķӦҲֱһŲ߸պڳ¾ŵСȸ죬׼ֿ죬ǿȾȻ¾Ÿٿ߷˻ȥһŽֻǽ¾߷ɳԶľͺ󾢲¾ֻ֮Ƕ˶ȣƺû̫ܵ˺
ǿһŵľ׶ʯԾ˵˺ƺ޵ĺܣӦôﵽ˼۷˰ɣ
ҫ΢΢Ҳû̫࣬ڳ¾صһ˲䣬ҫϣֱ¾ŶȥȻѾ̹ǰҫȻǵʲá
ҫת˲֮¾ǰ֮ʱֻ˫ǵصӰŭ˺һ㣬¾ţ֮˺ڣÿһŶд֮һҪ¾ߵһϵļơ
ȡǧ£
԰ҫУ¾΢΢һЦǰȭ䣬漴һȭ˳ƺֻžһ˵ȭ·ʮ쫷һѹҫȥҫ߳Ӱɢҫ˸˳ȥ
һȭľʵǿֲޱȣɣһʮᣬȭʱǹ⾳ҫǸеޱȣһ޵⾳˼룬һֻΪȭȭ޵⾳ֻڳȭﵽʮ򣬰ǧβŻ֣ҫδһ㡣
СӣϷŸոտʼˣ¾һЦһ׷ȥת˲׷˰ҫһӣȭ£ÿһȭ֮ǰһȭ⾳ҫüͷһ壬˫۷תŲƵ˲ǿľ罫¾ŵȭжһɶǰһ̡
һصǳ¾΢һ϶ʱ̬¶˫ȭ·籩һƺǷҪҫŲƲɣһսʽҲֻг¾ŲŻôȥ
ʱ¾һȭŲƵʱͻȻһתһȭľ͵һ࣬¾ŵÿһȭѾ֮ͻȻȭ͸ӿֲˡ
һȭֱӺŲƵ㣬ݺݵĺ˰ҫϣ棬ҳһӣһӣҫִ˳֮ŤŤӣһѪ̵һ̧ͷеĳ¾š
ɱǵؼηҫа룬¾ŵʵû˵ʽȻͨͨǿֲޱȣô㷵豹ζͲ֪򿪷ĳ̶ȴﵽˣҲȫʵŶԡ
¾֮ƺ˰ҫ˼ָָԴ΢Цڵ򿪷ʲô̶ôڲŰٷ֮ʮѣҵרǼͣһֿԽҵĽǡƤʯӲһ壬ⶼδпҵƤ
ҫԴ΢΢һЦڵ壬򿪷Ƕٰ
¾Ҳ΢Цصٷ֮ʮ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ڵǾ˵㻹һרļܿ
¾ŵ˵ͷЦ˵ǸܿǷǳ͵ģܲʹóҪܲܰұƵǸˣ
ҿҪȫԸˣרʲô
ҫһ䣬һƤʼóͷ϶һѪɫͼƣ˫ͫʧһƬ֮ɫۿ͸һƻ磬ͬʱһǿľѹ֮С
ҫѾѪԪ򷨟oԼͫͬʱǿ״̬սŸոտʼ


ʮ ս¾봴У£
ʱһİ칫ڣ񶼵ָӹǰ칫ϵͶӰָָ۲ͣ칫һվʮŮŮȨ޽ָӵʮָӹ١
Ǹı飬ƺڵȴǰλѵһ㣬һǴҴվıֱ˫һգգֱǰ
ǿƣû뵽ҫȻǿֵزûСӵǱԶҵԤƣ֮һľҶ޼䣬Դһ־ȵĸ̾
ûĺǿ֮ǰսһֱ·磬̶ܸȣûܵһ˺һ㹻˵ˣ֮һɢҲ׵֣˵ͷڻص
Ҫǣ֮ǰȫʵ״̬µİҫûþȫأڴ֮һ壬̾һЦ
΢΢һЦڵôʶӢҫ˹ϵôõһ˲ţ¾ҪָˣܲڹռһϯλɶҪ
ô˵Ҷ޼ͬʱһ㶣Դֳɵ˵ôҪ
ʼ磬΢ЦصȻܰٷְٿ϶ҶСģϾڶ̶̵ʵֱƾĳ̶ȣ츳㹻ˣ˭֪᲻ڴ漣أǾĿԴɣ
˵֮ǰҶ޼ǿЦֵĻȻֱ˵㣬ǲɷ˵ûҫչֳ츳ʵ̫ˣǰҫжҲֻһе츳СѣպĳɾͳҲʹﵽʮָӹٵĳ̶ȰˣǴﵽĳ̶Ƕе
û뵽ǣֻĹ⾰ҫʵֱһɳ죬ڵʵԣǰʮָӹǰǸЦԼ˳Ҳδһ֮
Ҫ֪ڵİҫܹ¾潻ս¾ŵʵжǿȻɢˣ϶£춼ǵɵֺеӡ
֪˶֪ڵ񶼹ʱ˻ɱʮߣ뻯Լ߼ߣʵǿǱȲϵġ
ʱҶ޼ָָϵӰ죬Ŀǰʮָӹ٣ȻҫӦöʶҪǣҪʵϣܸеһ˿
ûӰֳĻ棬ǰҫ¾֮սʮָӹٱҶ޼˵亹ˣһĵͷ
ҫôܲʶе¼Ƕм˻Ӵֻ˫֮ݵλѾ׵ת˹ҫʵҪȥˡ
ʱǼҫԼеĸȫ¾ŵʵȷǿĿֲҪȫԸС
ڰҫȫ汬֮ɽһƣ¾Ŷüֹֻҫ΢΢һЦһӾʧ˳¾ŵǰգ۶ʱҫԳڳ¾ǰ̧һƣӡ˳¾ŵ֮ϣ˳ȥ
ûҫĹ¾žȻûзӦһƸˣֲֿٶʵǿţ¾оҲҴ⣬򿪷ĳ̶˰ٷ֮ʮ壬һȣֹס˺֮ơ
ɾڳ¾ס֮ʣҫٴʧǰߣһƵʵ޻ưԵףâ͸һ࣬ҵĻ𾢣ݺݵ¾ŵʺǲֵء
գ
һͣ¾΢΢üһտʼһȭ֮ͬܲ˵ģֱһ̧Ӳɾסҫĵâ֮ʣҫЦһһ̧ݺ˦һǲֱ¾ŵ߶ȥ
⿴Ƴ䲻һţ¾Ҳûһٴεη͹˰ҫסһȵ˲䣬ֻоֱûдֵаһãһֻǰҫжѡ
ҫȴЦһϥһšСȣֱӻһ˳¾ŵұ߼֮ҫȷ·ûйؽƵģɨ̶ȿ˫֣ɨų¾ţһʱӰݺᣬߵĳ¾֧׾òǱ
ȡ߳ư
԰ҫƿ籩һĺ¾Ѿ侲мҲʼɾʱ򣬰ҫһߣֱһŴӳ¾ŵ˫дصĺ˳¾ŵؿڣֻһһţֽ¾Ÿ߷˳ȥ
ȡ޲ս޵У
¾űҫһ߷ɵһ˲䣬˵İҫֱչ׷ȫ¾ŰִϢĻᣬеǰһһ֮ǰĽ汻ȳһĽӡθ߸Ծóڳ¾ŵͷϡ
ֻҫ˫˼£˫ϥţ漴ݺݵĿ񱩻ȫ汬ʯһ㣬ֱ׹£֮ɽ̣̩ɽѹ֮ƣ춯ֱ֮ĺ·ĳ¾š
ȡʯ쾪
ҫһǾУƣǾ޿ޣǿ¾ŴʱҲò򿪷ĳ̶˰ٷ֮ʮרͣ˶ܡ
ڳ¾Ž򿪷ĳ̶ȿ֮˳һȭֱҫĽ棬˵ȭƺҪռƣ¾һȭΧĿռ䶼ۺۣһӣײ˰ҫĽ档
¾һȭҫײ֮󣬿ֲϯ䣬ⷿʱһ󶶶ĺ·ըһصڽڣǿȣԻĽһ뻯ǿɼ˵ľǺεȵĿֲ
ʱҫƻһ㣬ײ컨ϵĽ㣬˶Ƕ˽ȥ°ҲҫȾķѹϣҳһֱʮ׵ӣⳡ濴ָԼʮָӹ٣Ŀɿڴ亹ֱ
Ҫһаɣҫ컨ϵĽѳ֮ǿ˿ܵĽǽڣ漴һǸ߸߹
°ҲǿЦһ˳ȻȥôǱǿеģƱеҪܶࡣ
ʹ죬ʹ죬þûдôʹˣҫǽŴڿҪȫԸˣɲҪþʧ¾ƺǴĿˣϵЦݷޱȣԵø˷ܡ
ҫһЦڵģԲþʧģãҲԴһУϣָһ£
ʲôʹģϹͷܳܵ𣬲òҴţֱܳǣһ䣬¾ŷ˷·һֱڵֱеİҫٶȻǳ֮ǰһȭǿ֡
ۼ¾ֱҫһ˫۽һſСΧ˫֮䣬ҫβָһһСС˲仯ΪһѲͣĳ׽â˷ɳĳ¾š
һĻ¾΢΢һһȭȭСâӲƴһǣȻСâɢСĿֲȴ˳¾ŵֱۣ֮󣬰ҫþ񽣵ַʣİ˿С򣬰˵СâŸԵĹ켣¾Ŷȥ
ǰҫˣԾ񽣵ַ뵽˾С֮УתΪСâž񽣵ķСǺ˵ı֮ҫǽںһ
ؿǰʣİ˵СâȻѳ¾Ÿѹȥ¾ںСâ֮ʧˣСâݺУ˱Сıƻơ
ҫһҪջأʱֻ¾˫ȭݺݵĶײһ𣬿ֲȭѹϵĻһɨգ·װҫеĤһʹʹţ¾Ȼˣûһս֮ˡ
ʱ¾Ŀ˰ҫһۣ漴ҡͷ΢Цˣ͵ɣǲ϶ˣѾеأ
ҫ˵ͷų¾һص˵֮ϣʵжĺܣҲǸˣٴȥĻҪƴˣֻ˫뿴顣
Сӣ֮ǰһͦģʲôð¾ҫסļЦеʵ
壬ԴʽСһһڹ룬Ҫָܰһأ
ţ֣ͦǹеһнɶ
ƣ


ʮһ ط˲칬аս
˼˵һУͻôҫͷһ㶵Ŀǰλɽ˽˹˵
۾ޱĻصûĿԴﵽٷ֮ʮţܵĻײ£ıһǧź˵һܺͣ߼ߵʣܲסķɣǱɱķӻǹĻ˵ǻҷɣܷɱ˼ߣҸĴǣԳ߳ɣ
ҫ˶ƤȻ֪Ը䵭һ˵ˣǻҷµĻҫޱȵĺա
ǽ˽˰칫ңڰҫ¾źݺʹʹĴһ֮󣬰ҫ㽫Լеһ˵˳ó¾ŸһĽ飬ֻǳ¾Ҳ֪鷳ǲͨ˵ֱƸָӡ
ҫָӵʱͻȻչֳ飬úõдһҫɵҫ˵Լָ֮ҲǿЦͣƸ˿ѧԺ
ҫֿͰ͵ܵѧԺ첻ˣ˳һеĿжȣǽ˹
˼֮Ҳûʲôֱ⣬ҫԼһСơԭԭԭ˵˳֮˫ĿһŹ⣬ϵЦԵޱȿȡ
һĻǰѰҫһҲɶԷı飬ǵһμֻǽҲǰҫԹԵóų̈Խģ⣬ȵЦݣҫеޱȵĺա
ھһģ֮󣬰ҫӽе֪һзǳǳĿֲŻ֮ܣǰ˼ߣҲǻ컯֮ǿ߶пܱһбһ֮󣬰ҫԼҲǱɣһͬھʽ
ֻ߳ɵĿôҪҪܸ޼ͬھҲνֻһɱ˳޼ǰҸˣʵǵòʧҫа룬üͷšһĲֻԼһֵûС
Ժʿûʲô취һлֻܲһܻɱ˼ߣҫͷʵ
ƳһۣĬ˼ռ̣һݳǰ֮󣬽תͷҫ˵취һܵȼﵽ˼ҲǹеĻ컯֮ܵǸȼĻôôãȫûƣڵĸɾһж㲻ٻκεӰ죬֮ܵȼԽ˼Խã򣬾Ǳġ
һ취һһԽеҲԽͬʱ˼ߵҲȻĴǾͲȥˣóһ֮ϻظĵͬһ³
ô˵ҫʱǰһѽֻҪ澭幦ôһеȻһʵϾ֮ϻʮʥ澭ҫŵھ ѣ滹һԪľء
뵽ҫҲ˼ȻѾ֪˽ôһеԣҫǷɵģǰҫٵ飬лֱ֮뿪˽İ칫ҡ
ҲûǰҫֻȵĿǰӰ죬ϲͣôռ̣ĻϣһƬƬڲϵƴϣһΣ滹дż֣˼ƻʵɶȰٷ֮ʮţߴ󳬼࿪ʼ֡
ҫ뿪ѧԺֱ֮ѯڶʱԼĹΪþͬʱͻơ
Ĵǣа취԰ҫڶʱͻƣֻǺΣգпҪ˰ҫ
취ǣ񶼿ƼǿԽҫ³´лԼصķٱǧ򱶣ҫٶͬٱǧ򱶣ֻҪҫܿסôһٶȶϳһġ
ȻбףַȷܴЧʣ³´лؼٹĻǷǳģͲ֪ҫܳܶٱˡ
ڰҫֶ֪ͨʱʱϲӲ׼һУ̾Ҫʼڰҫİٰ£ǴӦ
ʵҲҫգϾڰҫݺ⣬ƷյĵӣǼаҪһöս治ҫʲô⣬ǰҫƤҩƵģʵ䷳ҲֻЭ
Ȼ԰ҫչкһ£˿ʼط˲칬һҶģϾĵص˾˲칬Ȼǵһִģָ֮С°١
Ҫ˵һ£ִʱɲһˣ߻Ůأ˵Ц̸Цģ⼸ĸ鷢չļѸ١
һĻĳֵǿûҶĴ˻ݺݵĵЦһƤԵ飬ǶԼЩǣǸڼСкģԵú
̸Цһ֮˵Լһµľÿ˵̶Ƕ˶ʣǹˡ
һ㱻ԼʦѪǾ׵ĹҲȥһǰս񵺵˸ˣתǰѱȪеı֮˸ɾëûиԷ£ԵϢս񵺵ĸǣʵǴġ
ʱ֮ڣһһĵĲֺΨȴһĳݣʱʱƳſڣ˶ˣȴΨֻȱҫһ˻δôġ
ãõģʱ仹磬ĵܵı£ʲôµģԵĹ٣΢΢һЦȰ˵
ĹǱ˺ܶ࣬ϵЦݱǰ˲٣Ҳˬ࣬ǰǰģεֻʵҲһĸı䡣
ǣǣĵǺҲֶͨΣⷽʤʮָĹͱˡҶЦǺǵ˵
Ҫ˵ҶĵĸıҲУȻϻǴпԿ˵Ʀ˵ȣǰĪ̤ʵС
ֿ֮ʼοҲиеһ˿ůЩܵǶǳĵģһȺʱ֪ȥοػڣҲǴο
ǸǸˣ֮ǰе鵢ˣǰ˼䣬ֵǵˣ
ʱҫλصڴ֮У˽һ㶣漴ϲüң˸еȵǣҫȻǳͻأĳλ֮ϣܲûпռ䲨Ĵͺһֱڴ֮Уֻ˶ûзĴƵġ
ǲܵģҪ֪ҫСŶУ˿ɶ뻯۷ľΪκҪƤӵ£ɫǱ˶ֲˣ췽ҹ̷
ɰҫˣֻ˵ҫʵǸһˮƽϣʹ˽ٴҲϲϰҫĲˡ
ۼҫôͻأĳ֣ҲǿЦͣҶǸ֣ﶼ׵ĺܣԼֱֵǿˣұǿĳ̶Ȼֹһ㣬ԼѾȫ͸ˡ
ҫ磬ľΪᵽ֮˰ɣԴʵ֮ǰȷǵĵĲУڼҫȻµͻȻ֣Ӻҫʵʵ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵеĻ֮£ͻȥֻǾΪеˣûụ̈»ñչһЩʱղУ
һ˽ҡͷ̾ϢȻеһۼ̾Ϣֹҫ΢΢һЦڵˣˣʵͻȥˣӦø˲ǣǻиҪҪȥŶ
ʲô£ͬʵ
ҫǸ߸߹쳣Цаս
ڰҫط˲칬ĵ죬˲칬ҫѸ£ɽ𣬰˲칬ʽаȫս
ڴͬʱ˷ѩѱ塢ˡ𸮡ħ׼ҡҲ˲칬ǰ㣬аȫսⳡδϯصսۣʽչ


ʮ ⷽأˣ
˲칬Ѹ£ʽаսϢ䶯ȻʱĽԲȹȥٵ֮أֻʣһаһɱǰ˲칬ˡ
ǽ֮ϵֻаѪȵֶΣǳϷ˲칬ֻݶѣ˵˲칬ǲаġ
ǣⲢаʵͱȰ˲칬ǿΪշһЩں֮ڣǽͷߵȫǳ
˲칬Ǿ񣬽˳϶ɽűƵĳһҪǰҫܽЩԱǾһɲСս
ʵҫԼ߻аǱߣ˫ݵֻһЩɽۻǽͷݶѣɲʲôҲ𲻵ʲôʵԵãȫӡ
ٴ˷֮أ⣬󳬼ҲͬʱаսϢ֮аһ״
ȫаƿأаĵ̣ǴаƲϵ˼
Щų۸ӣʵЩƶ߸˾֪ʲôʱýƶΪʲôʱָϢġ
ڵʽϰҫİ˲칬ĻǾߴ󳬼ΧаһаӮĿô
ɵӶ֪аǲӮģԣǵǵϵĺܣֱӷаһʹˮļơ
ܿϧǣСаӦ˵ⷽصСаЩ֮аһʱչ˼ѪȵıЩѵɱĿ޵Ѫɺӡ
ʱ԰˲칬Ϊ׵ߴ󳬼ʼɨаϵоݵ̣ͬʱĿƼҲǷǳͻأĽ֮ϣΪ֮𶯡
磬ⷽصıڹǿռ֮ⷽǲòھһĶֵأҲܺã޲ַˮˮҲల¡
ֱаⷽصײƽ֮ٴ˼԰ٵʹָ࣬ӵĴ£ƱҪаһӭͷʹóһڵĶ
ȻҲвǳΧ񶼵սۣ׻аһҪȻǷĪ
˵Ĵⷽص۽磬ǸЩʲôǵصӴԼһװݵĽˣʵ̾Ϊֹ
ǵĹģʽÿ˶죬ݵأսǿԶףϻͷųǧٹֵĹʲôСըҩ廨ӦоУǽδţδĹģʽ
ʱȻаĽڽڰˣףŲŶ̶ʱֱռаʮ֮һĵ̣һƬ൱ĵΪӪʡС
Ǳ󳬼ҲǴݱò֣𸮡ˡħ׼ңֿʼɨ
ħԭѱ˵˲ֽţҪаԮɳϵǣаǵƺûһһ֧Ԯǽֲڶϵиȫأֱ
־ŭһа޵ҧгݣƿڴʵ޷룬ֻܵǰҡβȥаȻķ˵Ҳͷˡ
аɽȻŲˣǣʵչƲŲʱ䣬ŷ׷ǰģҷպֻЧҰһˣʹ׼Ҳħ֮Ҳжġ
ɰأƽ޵ľǱѣֻҪǱѹˣԼļˣûһĿܣǺĵʩչ˱ӰǸɱ˸ɸɾȻʼոʧء
תѩѱߣڶľƣѩѱľƵǺϲ٣ϾȻͲзһ˵ĽȻʵϿܱȲðģڹⷽҪȰʤһ
ҲΪĽĳ裬֪ãʹѩѱεİУаûгʲôͷΪֹѩѱͳ£ܹء
ѩѱĿǟoǿoأսoڹԮ£ʼȫܣoѩѱಮ٣֣Ȼܹ
ս±֮󣬲Ų̶ʱѩѱѾooڹκƵĴ£ɿ֧š
ٿҫİ˲칬ߣҫĲԺܼ򵥣ǾֱսһȥᣬֱӴϰ˲칬оɱаߴĵ̣ǾŴаǣʵǣ˲칬Ļƽҫ˵ţҲǰ˲
ⳡսۣҫԶսǺٳ֣еս¶ɻƽ˲Լԣ˲칬ǿսҲûҫʧÿսʤ
ƽţ˼壬ÿʿףֳֽɫǹҽ𵶣ɫ½ԣ䣬֮аνľͽǰֱͬ衣
ƽֱһ·ѹео·һѼ⵶ݺаķɱ¾аʮʮԼĵоɱĶףͷܣ쳹
ڰ˲ҫ˵İ˴ȥȫͬն˶ų񾳵ΪҲİߣÿΰ˲սʱǺѹѹһƬ·Ҫһ㣬Ƽ侪ˡ
˲ÿһγսܿ飬˵һսǰ˲սаĳ񾳴һаȻ񾳸֣а·ҪǮĴײƵķӵ
˫չս֮󣬲ʱа񾳴ֻӻȥ˼ʮˣ˲Ȼ˲ˣȴһδЩ˵˻ָ֮ʵøǿˣ˲ƽžй֮޲
ⷽǰδеҹߴ󳬼аս֮ʱѾȥ˰£аĵˮ߳ɣս֮С
ⳡϯսۣ˲칬һռϷ磬սʤѹаս߲ͣƽаϷĵѱȫոҲ֮ĵ̱˲칬£ھʣǾаˡ
ʣսߣҲǽݱѱջؾųɵĺ򣬟oֻʣ֮һаβѹˣа´һָ
oȫ泷˵аǵΧڣаȫһĶֵأһҪߴ󳬼ĵ׵ļơ
ʱҫ߸ֵԼԼʦһаϵУҫָָ·аЦǺǣĵǰɣҾ׳нˣֵǶ׼˰ɣ¹оаǣһһɣ
ԽһЦȿڣȥʥǱ߰ɣʦأԳ񽣣Ҳƣ
һ䣬һһʧ٣һڵֻתͷһһʧǰֻЦҪȥ֮λֳǣСһˣ
˵ȥʥĹǳˣҶģֻЦ˵ҲҪһѩǰܺˣϴǸһηǵðһ̲ɣ
һ䣬Ҷ˲ƶȥȻǹ١ָС°ˣҲֱĸ򼲷ɶȥҫתͷԵԴ΢ЦѾͷСĵ㣡
ȻһЦӣСڰҫ׵һ£Ц˵ҫҲŶǱȱ˭ʰ֣Ҫϴ룡
ҾӮҲϴҫţȴЦеĵ˵ͷӦߺ󣬰ҫһ漴˫ĿһЦһȵʥ뱾һսɣͷ¶βɲԸ񰡣


ʮ ҫͽ벻ֹһڽ
֪аϵݵǾаˣÿһаǶһʥפعҫаǵĹߣǾŴʥ֮׵ʥ̷
ڰҫһ֮󣬽µаڣ͵ķɳʮӰһ֮ɫҫΪ׵һߣŭȵĺӣȻҵаҰ˲ɣͽǣۣ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴ͷߣһ͵Ŀߣ˸֣аȻвʶҵˣȻˣСүëúʶʶ
һ䣬ߺȳ⣬ҫһƺߣһԼĪʮɿĳӡֱѹ£߱ŵû겻壬һӣѱӡݺݺУͬʮͬʱѹ˵档
Ȼһ죬һƽѹһӣںĵǣЩӻȫ˹ȥֻȴѾ鵱
֮ǰǵӡн˳ɵľȫһ˵ϣôİˣҫֻǺзִģʮֻǳ񾳵ΪعȻɱã뻯ΪҫǿԽɱģǣ߲˵һ仰ͼݺȥˡ
һ뻯ʮ񾳵߻ɰҫȴֺֻһƣֲֿʵ㹻˾ˣʱյİҫʵ֮ǿ۷ǿߵĳƺš
ۼҫʥ̷ȴûðҫ΢ŭֻһŭȵãԸͷڹǰɣСүҾͽаǸƽˣа˶ţһڸҹаǣԸ
ҫĺըһ쳹аڣ϶ʱ˳ӿ֮ǰǶˣѾв˾ۼ˹֮ȿǳص˶߳˷ݣƽ֮ϡ
̧ͷշһɷ꣬ʴʵʱ򣬾󲿷˶ǳЦͣڳԵĻЦҫĲ
ҲһС˸ϵҫڵĵʱϵǸԼȥԵʮ֮һŵõͷܡ֮ܣΪ֪˭ʲôı£ˣԼܵűɱô
ʥ̷֣ΪǴﵽڵģɼʹǿߣɥȪͷʵжֲ֮ǰǾ仰Բʲôʣʵġ
һʱܿ͹ȥˣ̷ֵûаев뿪󲿷˲û뿪ǴϷŰ΢Цеİҫһơ
Ϊҫֻһ֪ߵغëͷСӣ֪аǿʴʣаŴʥ֮׵ʥ̷ʰأһ͵ſϷǲ֪ǣеɲһֻ׵ĸ򣬶һҪصħ
ʱ䵽ԼԹңںڣҫƳһ۵Щ֪νڣɱĴȵ
ڰҫոûãʮ쳤۵ԶƿնĹҫ󣬿һɱ֮Լӣ֮ǿίʵޱȣǰʮպյİ˲ǿһֻ飬ҫڡ
ӳǵľˣڳĳ棬ģɱˣҫϲκθ˵ܹаھסĻ϶һЩ׼Ӳ֮ûһˣǻɴȫɱˡ
ڰҫһ֮ڼ嵥ϥ¹ȥϵЩ˼һĻˣʮ񾳸ͻբһɱжʱһɾ֮⣬ЦˣһʼŲ·ʼӴܡ
Ҳ𷴿֮аǻг񾳸ֵģ٣ӽһ֮ǣȻռţϸǲ칲أνķ˵ֱʯ׾ٵı㽫Ǹɱͷܡ
Ҫ֪ҫÿһ˶Ǿҫĵ̵ģÿ˵ľΪڳ۷֮ҰҫóеĻƣڰ˲칬ԴԴĵҩ֧£ÿ˵ĹΪаϣǿˣѴ֮
ĪеһˣҫΪϴ裬ʣԺĪһֱĬĬķͼǿ֮Уһ¶ڼ˲칬֮ǰֻһëͷСӣκ˼ǵڽֻһп޵Сɫˡ
ټ˲칬ԺһСɾͣѡڣǱΪһ£϶԰ҫĳݣȻҪ˸ӿ̿࣬Ϊľǽһ죬ܵõҫãܲ츳õģ̿һ
ĪĿ̿ҫҲǿжҲߵһҫҪΪͽǣҫĪٵԼǰ΢ЦĪ棬ҴΪͽպ͸ɣ
һĪʱסˣ漴ͷϲŰҫֱӹİڵͽĪ棬ݼʦ𣡡
ʱĪ棬еϲԱνصƿԼͿڷܣʱ˿ǵõ˻رζҫΪͽˡ
ҫǰĪ棬ĵ˵ͷһ̧һᾢļ΢Цҵû̫ĹأմѪȣ¹صһҪأǾҪô
ҫ˵֮˫һ˿ɷ˲䱬һɼ˵ƣĪ͵һͣʩһ񣬿ڵʦĽ̻壬ģз䣬ʦһ
ҫ΢ЦͷջƣڵԱһĻĽּʣɲʵֱӷйǰаЩϣɱǿ޵Ӵܣʮڶаչ˻ԵĴ
ʱһŭȱ֮Уҫ̫ҪսұǺαزɱƽ񣬼ֱɥĲбǻطһ
ҫһ˫Ŀһǰǧ׿֮Уվһ׳Ӱʥ̷
ɥĲ񣿸аȣֶζˣŹƨаһˣҺΣҫһĲм֮ɫЦ
̷ŭһ̧־һȭǧİҫݺݺ޴εɫȭӡֱ˵Ȼܿռһ壬ת˲Ժǧ׵ľ䵽ҫǰ
ҫһü⣬˳ֽԵĪͿͬʱһ˦ֺݺݵĺȭӡ֮ϣ赭дľͽȭӡޣҫһԼƣȭ֮󣬿Զ̷ЦСѹеֱңѾô
û̷һ漴һǸߴɵıӰ𣬷·ɽߴıӰһħٰĸо
ɾ̷ͷųԼıӰ֮ʱҫһǰ漴ǰһƣİ̷ǰͬıӰôӲİŷɳǧ׿⡣
գ֮䣬ҫ̷һɽ֮ϣ漴һƣ̷ȥ̷ðҫľһɽ֮󣬺ݺݵ׹ڵ֮ϡ
Ȼһ죬𣬺˵쫷һ㣬ɨķǴ汻̷ıӰҳһֱǧ׵ӣ⻭ʵǴĿĵĺܡ
ؿҫֻ֣΢ЦΣΪһڽУľΪͻûðɣ
ڰҫ֮ʣ̷ĴƯıӰѾջأ£֮дһο꣬⵹ðҫиеĪ
԰ҫǿȻܹоӵ̷װģǷĵģô͸ˣΪ̷Щǳġ
̷ǿ˿ܣ΢΢ü漴̾һҫɪĿڵʦܣʦڻ֮аɣ
̷Ļҫʧɫüͷ֮࣬˫Ŀ쳣·𵶷һֻע̷󣬵˵ո˵ʲô


ʮ Ŀԡҵԭ̷ʵ
ʱİҫ̷˿ǲĲУɵӶóĺ壬ֺοǰҫˣʦܣʦֳƺɲܽеģοǰҫ̷ƷһβΪ֪¡
ҫԼƷյĵӣǰ滹ʦ֣һֻ϶һĴʦ֣ӦþǰλаľŴʥ֮ףʥ̷ˡ
̷ðѻ˵˵Եʱ䶼ûˣҫһ˵һӿȵɱ⿪ʼϵĳ̷ѹȥ
Ӧʦ˵㻹иʦְɣ̷԰ҫɱ޶ã˵
㲻˵ҵĴʦְɣҫüͷ΢΢һ壬ڻص
ǣش֮ǰǸ⣬ʦڻô̷˵ͷʵ
̷׿ڳԼݣҫֻüû̫ķ̣ո̷˵ʱ򣬰ҫӦһֶԷû˵ѡ
԰ҫǿκλǰΣȻ̷˵Ķ滰ô¾ͱȽѰζˣҪ֪ɽһս̷ǰֵͬǴһߡ
ҪԼõϹʮ֮һĵɴ˵ģҪ˵ΪҲ˵ͨɴ֮ǰ̷Ǹ֮УҫȴһּįΣͱȽ˷ѽˡ
ǲ룬ȻĴʦΪʲôҪΪаҵɽһսǲ㽫ɱȴףǲǾúĪǳĲţô̷ȻһЦڵ
ҫ˵ͷû˵ôע̷󣬶̷ǿЦһڵ㣬ȻҲзͿʱ뿴ǵʱʵҪɱҪôľô츳ó񾳵ʵҲôá
ЦˣҵʵҪɱǣ̫ľҪ֪֮Ĳɲô׾Ĩƽģͺɱҵĸ뻯ʵѵ᲻ôͬ뻯ҲԨ֮İ
òϣ̷˵ûʵ̷Ѿˣҫ˲ãȻѹҫˣÿιǡôֻȴ
Ȼ뻯Ĵ߲ɱ뻯µǿߣǹƣǣ̷ȫԽҫ˵һΪȥֻǷӡǵĹץٰĥҪٵҫպĵ·ǰ취ǶҲ塣
뵽ҫж̷ʦֵѾٻɣȻʦԼĵˣɷϣ̷Ҳ㹻أֻҫ̷ȭһɫʦ֣ʦһ²ʦֽ󣡡
ҫԼ̷Īһϲȴûʲô̫ı飬˵ͷڵʰɣ
ΪʲôҪͶа֮ǰǹⱻסİɣҫ˫Ŀһʵ
̷ɫһҲ쳣Ϭ漴΢΢̾ϢڵûѹԶаǣ֮ǰЩᱻ֪֪֮ԻаǺǰˡ
ʵаҪΪǼ£޼ҲԲӡҲҵĿԣұҪ뵽аУȻʦĽ̵ҵıģû
ͬʱҲȰһ䣬ʦܣְɣڻüаûеô򵥣ʦԳ֣ĻƾǵʵûӮĿܣ
ҫԲŭЦ˰ֿڵʦ֣ĿԣҲҵԭ򣬼ȻǸΪ־ͬϣǾͲٷϻʲôˣһսġ
ٶ֮ǰȻش⣬ʦɻڻ֮Уȴɱ㲻õģʦ֣֮ǰʦܶгײ벻Ҫ֣սϣʦȫԸ򲻿֣
ҫô˵̷Ҳ̾ϢһŰҫ˹֣ڵȻʦ֣ҼʹȰҲһͣڴ漣ˣ˵Ҳܴ漣ɣôСʦܣаɣ
̷µһֻ̣һ˫Ŀִ̧һεɫȭӡȭӡٶȻǾ֮ǰһȭǿ࣬ȭӡʵޱȣۣȭδֲķѹȻðҫе̷ʵ
ʮ·桤׾вأ
ۼޱȵȭӡҫ治Ҵ⣬ֻգ֮Ķ幦ҵƺ֮У漴Ϊһĳŭݺݵı˳εɫȭӡԺһ
ơɽ
һӣȻһ죬ǳŭεɫȭӡԺ֮ʱǿķҫ̷ͬʱɣѹһֱǧףȴﵽ׵ľ޿ӣǷɳʯĻ棬·ﱻʮ쫷ɨһ㣬ֻһƬǽݡ
ҫڱɵһ˲䣬е𾪵ĲУǿľ֮ǰһȭǿһֹҾΪȹ̣ӦһֱѹԼʵǶң¶κаˣôΪأ
СʦܣսʱɲҪİ˵ȫԸҿɲȥǰ߷ֲȥģ
ڰҫа֮ʣ̷ѾΪһεɫ쫷һתŲ֮£̼ҫ˳һȭݺݵĺ˰ҫıţ֮쵱Ƿ˼
ʮ·桤м쮣
İɣʦ֣ҿûзģʵϣ뷨빥ҶѾָˣ˲ҵģ
ҫһЦһֻǰһ㣬͵ȥһżд֮춯֮ƣȻ̷һȭû䵽ҫ壬ҫȴѾһ䵽̷ϣҫӦ䷴Ӧеٶȵǿզࡣ
ȡ߳ư
ϧǣҫʱԵ̷ɲǹȥǸ̷󣬰ҫķӦȻ죬̷ķӦȴҪ죬ҫһȻٶ뾢޿ޣȴֻߵ̷ƶʱµĲӰˡ
̷ȻǳͻأĳڰҫҲ֮࣬µһȭصĺ˰ҫϣӾ˵ʮ·ﷲǹԵʽܺ俪һɽ壬һеľȻҲ⡣
ʮ·桤ʤȳۣ
˵̷һӦø˲ǣϵıǵûϲɫ¶һ־֮⣬ΪԼһȭڴڰҫߵʱ򣬷·Ǵ޻ȫͬʱһޱߵľ磬ֻһȭľж˽˳ϡ
ʱڰҫ֮ͻȻŲƵ㣬Ҳ̷еȵԭ򣬿ҫӣƺѾ֪ԼǱ߹ŲԴˣͺҫԤ̷֪ĹƣŲһ̷ֱӱ˦˳ȥ
һҫôľô̵ʱȻŲҵȭж߰˳ϣķӦǿ󣬿ͻϮ˲ˡ
ԣķӦʹٿ죬Ҳգ۲ʱӦӦԵķǣ֪һŲ֮ǰ߳һ֮󣬾Ѿ۳ˣѵδ֪ɡ
̷ֵоˣҫǻһ̷иеǳɻ󣬿ϸһȻˣҫ֮νδ֪Ҫ鹦ǿڵ֮ǿҪ˵ԤԼʽ켣Լģʽǻ治ʲô¡
ʦ֣Ҳİ
ҫ΢΢һЦ̷֮ʣ˫ַ˦ÿһ˦һâָ֮˵ââβײ֮£ٶ˵Ըӡ
ڰҫĴָһԣһâ֮󣬾Žһߣâ֮񲻿ɵٶ֮ƿգǿ̷ȻҲе㷴Ӧֻüңһȭ˳ȥȭ뽣âľȲһأ˸ܲסâľŽһĽâӲŷ˳ȥ
񽣾Žϻ
̷η˳ϰԶʱǻһֻŭһһεɫɽһ취ǰľŽâӲĸɢȥ
Ȼ̷ûܵʲô̫˺ڵѪһ˿ңƶ˵ǲֵһᣬһ߱ѰȻ¡
˸ն΢΢һЦһٴ˳ű˴˿ȥ֮ǰĳ֣ǰҫռ˵ˣսڲŸոտʼѡ


ʮ սĹ裡Բ
ⷽνһƬңɰ˲칬齨˴аչʷǰĴս˵˷аӦм̸Ŷԡ
ʵ˵ԤϣаչֳʵʵţȻһ֮˴󳬼·磬һʲôĸаΪµһΪ
ȻӱаƺǱ˴󳬼ѹĹǺʧ֣ǵаսھаǵΧʱ˴󳬼˾ȻǴ򲻽ȥ
аĸַ·޾һ㣬־εĸ糱ˮһ㲻֪Ӻδӿ뻯ӾȻѾﵽֲĹǧ֮˴󳬼ˣԾ׳ذ벽Ȼַѹ֮ƣаʵɲ⡣
Ҳˣս±쳣֮ʱҫϷԼյаһĶֵչ񹥻סǵԼǴŰ˲칬ǿİͻ룬ֱаǣһи׳нֻҪаǱаȻʿĴң֮ٴͱȽˡ
ǣ֮ǰһĻҫЩֵܣֱɱаĸ֮У˷ֱѻһаǣҪа֮ϺݺĨȥ
аǷֱаľŴʥйаʥѾҫǷܹóԸǾҪǵʵܷ־ʥȼˡ
ʱŴаеһڳеĴһһڻ˫ԽһϵıҧгŭĿԲ޲ڱ˴˵ҧһ
ڶ˽ͬʱԲǧ֮ż͵ĶЩǳԶ˵֮ϣΪɫǵɫӿǻҰɫ
ڶ˶֯ӿͬʱɵ֮ʬЩʬǱ˵ĶеģⷬǾ㤵ԸӣĶаŴʥ֮һʥĹ衣
϶㲻ʱгЦһڵ
˴˱˴ˣҲһ϶϶ĽңҪûϷнĳɾͣô˵һʦأĹɭȻһЦڵ
ǺǣҲԣô˵ҲģһʦҲǺģȻˣҵĺʦͽվ͸ȫʬҲǾТˣǸ߸߹Цһӣ񱬷Ĺ˳ȥ
Ĺ֮ʣ˫Ĵָ趯һȦһīɫĶâ·һ㳯ĹȥЩâȥϸһ㣬Ƕ֮ȴǼ侪˵ģҪ֪âĳ澭ͨĶȡ
춾ıĦӽָ
ĶâȣĹҲһҲöʦȻеģĶâ䲻ԲԴһɨСӣһľʳУ漴ֱһǵصӰɽһ񱬷Ķâָݺɨ
ħ޼ȷ޵
û뵽϶һ֣СƲãüһĹ糱ȷһ˿ȵ
ϸһ룬ĹʵҲӦãҪֻʹĻŴʥĳƺţҲûʸУԼˡ
ʱĹɨĶâ֮󣬽żһһֱеĳȷ趯ΪһȦȦӰһգ۵Ĺͷ֮ϣֻӰ·ɢ·һ㣬ֳֳȺݺݵĳ¡
ħ޼ȷɵأ
Ĺ蹥ͣһıҲֻ˫ֽһӡ漴˫ƴīɫľâ磬籼ףÿһƶż͵Ķ㼫侫׼ĹɨӰأһʱصܲ͸磬
춾ıӡ
Ĺù£ǵûŭ¶һаЦݣ񹥻ʱͻȻ͵ӿһɼ׺ĻҰɫӳڳ֮Уһ𽫳ķ飬Ƭǧ
ͻһĻʼδ֮˫һ𣬵ҲųɾŵƬϧǣöƬƵķ϶ֱļ֮ϣĻƬֻ֣ƵҲء
ɾ֮ʱĹȴЦͻȻɫ͵һ˵ϥ̱Ƥ˲ת˻Ұ֮ɫ˫ĿѪŨĻҰ֮
ͽΪʦɫζΣȥɣٺ٣Ϊʦǧ࣬Ѱ¶ѪľѪʮ־ģֶʹľҲûܵģĹɭȻһЦߵǰһ˫Ѫ΢΢£аЦ
Ѫ¶֮£ڵ޴֮¶ߴ޶û⣬Ǵһ壬ܽһ񾳵˲䶾У֮޵ţʵ顣
Ѫ٣֮ⷽһֶֻĹĹҲȷǧ࣬ɽˮ置֮أҵôһֻھһս֮ȡ侫Ѫɫ
֮ǰĹ鳤֮ʱͽɫ䵽Ƭ֮УȻס˾󲿷ֵƬöƬ©֮ϣɫʴ塣
ʱʧȥ˶Ŀ¿ʼҲֻоÿһ缡еอ٣һɼҵĶʹ֮УǧڲͣĴĥֺ֮ĳڷ壬е쳣ʹࡣ
⸱ģĹ֪ǶϵЦݱøǸɿݵƻİ֮ϣЦͽΪʦڽиŽ𶾻ʣаҲʥЩſɶΪʦѪúȥģΪȡΪʦһУܰ⵽Ϊʦˣ㻹̫һ㣬³ȡΪʦھջӵеһУЩΪʦİ
һ䣬ĹЦ֮ɫıһڵѪ򶾾ԪһеһжյԼڣԼ弤ĶĹ迪ʼͷЦ
ʦ𰡣˵еأǶʵͷҪ̳˰
ĻĹΪ֮һ㶣Ϊǹ򶨣ҪԼһ棬ԼɫжԼһ޷ɽľд˶ǿ֮ĩܷʲôǶĻ֮Աǡ
ɾҪڳ֮ʱͻȻ˫Ŀһɣ۶ڱǻ͵ӿһɼ׺Ķ˷·ʲôһ㣬˳ȥֱֱķɳʮײסΣ׹ڵ֮ϣϵĶɲͣӿ
Ĺʧɫ֮£æϥתҪѹȥķ֣ԼԽ˹ѹܵٶȾԽ죬ͷԽͣûѹƣĹоڵĶ֮УһԼɫζֻǶȴԼĸ͡
㣬ҵɫôܣôܣⲻܣܰĹЪ˹ĺţʱһĶԶãֻҧгݵĿ
ʱѾվֱƤѾȻķɫֻŤŤӣһ漴һ𣬻˲䱬һɼֱֲ֮ƺޱȡ
֮ɫִ֮ʣ֮ͱ֮ǰĹʱĶܺϻҪǿ󣬿ĲԶĹĿɿڴ˵Ȼ֮򶾳Բˡ
ʦ𰡣˵ʵڵģλҪ㰡ҪɫҵľҲܴﵽԲ֮Ҫ֪ޱнԼ֮ռ˾ǧŰپʮ֣ߴ޶һɣþȱһֶˣӶлʦĳȫ
ǰ߱˵ĹǰͷԷʱѾŵ˵û뵽ԼΪɫ󷴵Ǹ˼£ŭ֮£͵ĿȳһѪһ˫Թ
עĹ裬̾һתȥʱڵҲɱ㣬Ǳ֮ˣ᲻ᱻͿɣ


ʮ جΰͯ꣡ڤ
ڤʥаŴʥ֮һ꣬ȥһʫ黭ĸоʵ֤ĸ׵ȷһ޵ˡ
ĸһ֮嵱ڽҲһľ壬ףһ޵ĳһĸǼΪĳǿߣǳΪҼ
ѧ棬ĸ״鷨Ľˮ⣬磬һڵʱһǿ֮Уʢ
ѧ棬ʶǧ֣ͨ徭ʮ黭һʮһǧƽòŸ߰˶ѧ峵Ϊ
¼һҹ֮䵥ǹƥֳһ峤ƽǧһǣһаˣʱһһݽɽׯ潣ӢҴʤ飬Ӵ
νӳŮɷĸ׳ɾ;ˣԼȻǸϣԼĶܹɴɴţҲҪԼУĸҲͬ뷨
Ľνǿ׼в̤벽Ļϰ䶼Ҫ򣬵ȴĽǸĸ׵һٶ򣬿ֻ֪³ɳ꣬Ļжʹࡣ
Ѱͯˣʱڱдʫʸ踳һٶѰͯЦʱϰ״ĽҲһٶѰͯҹ˯ʱȴҪڹķһʱûдﵽ׵Ŀ꣬һٶ
ͯڱ򣬱жȹѹһж״ĸʱߵһ仰ǣôĶӣһ㶼ûҵķ緶Ҷ档
仰λģҲﵽ׵ϣ֪Լ׵һ޵׶Զ㣬ٺö㡣
ˣ޵ľĸףɱҲĸףҪͯ꣬ͯجΣÿ춼ľжȹκһþҪܵͷĥҲĽᣬԼĸĸȵĲţԼҲ綼ѹ
֮󣬳һĻᣬһȥأ𼣣׷߷ƽѸ븸ӹϵҪȻݺݵĳͷϧǣ겢ûлĸһʮ͹ȥˡ
ʮˣԳ۷ľΪа¶ĹѧȮұֻʣĸĸʱǷ·һ˵һëȻĻ
״ˣʱյӦ㵱ķ緶˰ɣûжɣ
ĸĸĥҹһͻƵ뻯ĸĸİʯĽᣬûͻưɣ
ҵŲҰ𾪽ƷԳǧ׷ɱ꣬ȴһ٣аʱĲа£ʱƷɻûǿǲаսһƽ֣顣
֮аˮŽ湦λоŴʥ֮һڤʥԲаֶΣ춨ڤʥ
ʱǨıԱ˽ȥֻ֪аһλа¶ʥǱϵĿ꣬ڤһ㣬ҹ£ʳ֪ζ̻̲ա
ڤʥһˣĳͯ겻ѡҪδΰѿԼУʱ˿ҪԼĶֻܣȻöԴԼĸǰַĥĶ˭
ڤʥôʵаǰ꣬Ц
а֮󣬵һʱλڤʥҲû˵ʲôϻֱӾչҽ棬ʱԶ֮࣬ʼնռϷ磬ѹڤʥ򣬵ҲСڤʥһѡ
ĳ겻ŭЦЦֲĸоһ֮ɫüͷϸоһ˿֮⡣
ͻȻһת˲Գǰ˫צżаݺݵ˺צѸͣצ켣ֱҪꡣ
߾צ
צʹһּ֮϶ˢӣΪҪ֮ϰ
аһ𣬱ȫ汬ɫĻεɫıƱüͣڱײ£ɵķ֮ٶһһ˳ƻ˳ȥһ˲ĹΧ
ΪаľŴʥ֮һ˵ֻ֮˫צһգ˲һ㣬θ߸˫ȷ·ɽһкȾһɱ֮ͷ¡
߾ȣ
ڵУҲ޴ɱܣһŭ֮˫ȭȭƷޱȣͺˣÿһȭżҵĻ𾢣һƬ׺أ쳹ͣ
аȭ׻ȭ
˵ȭŽչҵĶײ಻ݣƼ侪ˣ׼һյһŤȺɨһţһޱȵıݺݵĲ
аȭȣ
һȥȻ򵥣ٶ뾢ȴǾޱȣǿҪз֮յ̧۵סһţһŽֻǰϷѣӦٶȲν죬һŲУȽϣš
ɭȻһЦۼһŵ˫˳һһǿױȵķ籩ٿյӲĳ⧲֮µξʧ¶
߾ogУ
ǰôõĻᣬôŹֻ˫ͬʱݺݵӡ֮ϣһɼаڣʼͣͣƺҪűɰǴԸӡ
߾ƣ
͵һѪƾҲ׼ԣֻŭһŭĿԲаȭʮɹȫ汬ӿȵı֮˳ȥ
аȭ幦аȭ죡
ƶνϣգۼ׷˱Լɵ꣬һ˫ݺύӿĻŵֺնֿͣݺݵն
ȭľ
ʱҲûзֻ֮ڳֵӵе㲻ʱˣһתǸ߸߹𣬻͵ıһҫ۵Ľ⣬֮£һףնİħ
߾ڤ
ĳ׵ַնⰢħ֮ϣȴû˿ˣеĹ벻֮ڣⰢħ֮ͣò¶֮ɫ
֪ʲôľΪѾǳӽ֮ˣ𰢱ħǱӰĳΰ
ǣԥ˫Ŀ쳣ǰħûüԼһ˲䣬ϱһɺɫĹâ֣ڹֵķΧڣʱ侲ֹ0.1롣
ڱаȭһ졤ʱͣ٣
ʱ侲ֹ0.1ʲô˲䱬㹻ˣֻ˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬̧һȭš
ڱаȭڶ졤ת˼ά
ʱʱ侲ֹ״̬պʧȴԭز֪ȥ˼ˣеĻԵüŤң˾ƵģվվȣȻʼͷת
ʱĵֹƵˣεĹӹ½룬ֱһΪͻȻһƵĴɫԼһȭݺݵĺؿڣԼͬһȭͬʱıš
ڱаȭ졤o˫ѣ
ɾһǰһͬʱıؿ֮ϣ˵ľͷһѪɢ֮ʱҲŵϥأѪƼء
ܺãǿǰħĪƵĿұ찵ڱɣȻĵӣҲ͸ծ
껺վֱЦԽĿɲˣϵаҲüŨԭ֮ǰսûȫֵİ


ʮ ս񽣣Ʒɵĳ
ʱڵаУһ信ĬĬĿǰеɫ֮һѪ˳£ӽ⴦䵽֮ϡ
ǵĿһԼϵĻڣһˣ˿˲̺۶û£ƶ˵㲻вֻǵ信ʱȴǹŹֵЦڵոõƽɣ
信ְֱ˵ûƽ䣬ֲʮУ㱻ˣûʸɵĵӣ
ÿɷһЦ˰֣صûʸʦĵӣͷ㣬ҵͦʦһû֮ǰһʦļⳤһ࣬Ҫʦ£ȴʦһ̫ɽõҲƽ䣬ɣ
һӵɫһ˿仯һŭӵĸо֮и͸һ˿׹⣬漴˵ûңҾͲˣʣ츳ҶҪǸҫ֮ϣΪʲôǲңһʲô˵ֶβýǰΪͽģҲ
һ㶣ȻûЦͺ信֮ǰĻЦЦƵģǿŵ֫嶯Ͳûشˡ
信Ӽ⸱ģը˷Σɫ˳һɨһĽâݺݵɨһɵĶ˹ȥâɨһᣬһΪ
ʱֹסЦָ信ЦСؽʦŹ֣ؽСӶǳٶ۵ĺܣú룬ʦǾ޵еʵΪʩչʲôƨֶζЭοҸʦܵƣʦʦҪΪͽİ
ô˵信ӵҲΪȻƷǺҲǾ׵ʵԼǹԸⷽػʲôʲôܱЭͲĶ顣
ΪҪǸҪЮƷɣʲôˣʲôݣֱӽȮ鵱Ҳûٸɡ
뵽ӵУԽļȻҫǱƷŵģôԼԶˣĸǺ޲ҧһ
信ӲһԣҧгݵĵԼͻȻʲôһϷʵЦݣڵոյˣʵʦҲ˵Ϊʲôԭ֪ô
ʲôԭ򣬿˵信ԣеʵһֱ˼飬һֱǻУĽᣬڿķӦżĲС
˰֣ЦĻصʦʱô˵ģ˵ԼԺĻڰΰ֮䣬żڵϲ֪ôдһ𣬽ɽ֮˲ˬԲѣ;øûʲôʦͽԵ֣ǾͲˣ
Ļ信ӵɴ˫ۣԭذûлع漴ͷ­˿ʼͣĳ鴤
⸱ģεķ˷ۣڵιôҲаŴʥ֮һʥôؽСҿʦٰ֮
֮ʣʥ͵̧ͷԭֿεѾŤ˼ޣѪޱȣ⸱ݱȪ֮еĶҪˣɱɽһӿʵ˵Ľ
ɱɱɱɱ㣬ɱƷɣϷˣңͳͳҪͳͳҪ
ʥըһ쳹أ֮ʣֻɫ͵һǵصĽâƾκһ㣬ֱȥĽâּֿƸǰޱȣգ֮ѵǰ
ƽ䡤һʮݣ
ۼâϮķӦҲֻһ˫βָηټתβָϵĽâ˿һ㼱ΧƣǼĽâ׷׵ֲմ
oָὣʮ
ʥù£ݺݵҧҧ̽һšâ£˲һֹâֱ룬ƥ׾ٵĵƣһǴɣҪź˵Ľǿлɱ
ƽ䡤ɽ¾!
ʱüͷһɫޱȣۿԼὣԷǿƿ˼ת֮£˲У˫Ĵָһ˫ָָһˮͰһİɫââ񱩣֮ǿ˿ʥĽâת˲âݺݵضײһ
oָԽԽϓģ
Ȼһ죬âײһ˲䣬ʱһ춯صľ죬εϯԲǧ׵ľ룬ֱ֮Ĩƽе̨ͤ¥֮춯ء
ؿʥ˵Ľâ֮ǿķͬʱ˳ȥϿƺ൱ʵʥϵɫѾһѺۣɴ˿ɼĽҪԸһ
ʱ˿̵ʥѴ֮УҲԼ彣ûˣҲԼҵѪһǿסΣ֮˺һҹյǣֱȥ
Ҳǹ֮һԭ뼤ŭʥ䷽ңԼĿȻﵽˣǶԷķе㳬ĹƣȫƴˣһҪͬھļơ
ʵʥıԣƽһޱӣʵаŴʥ֮УҪľױŭҲÿγֽԻᱬһƴĺݾÿζ˵ãҲ⡣
˵ʱʱ죬ʥٶȣǿ쵽ûзӦͱʥŭĿԲɫնâ֯һƬе·ڽ֮£޼ƿʩֻᱻʬΡ
ƽ䡤ս޳
ߣңλ˵㣬㣡
һ˫ʳָָ£һ˫ָ趯Ĵɫâ磬籼ףƽ£ʵϽâޱȣƿ籩ϯķһʱصܲ͸磬
oָɻȽ꣡
ңԹأһʩչǡôʥĹƵڽķ֮£ʥĻѾʼѣϵɫǳһϸܵơ
˫âײѣ˭ûʤ˭˽һϣԷǿͬʱ˳ʮ׿⣬롣
ʥżصһ˲䣬ֻһ죬ʥеɫǲظ׵ıˣʥ޵һЦֻֽʣĶϽŭȵϽҪҲգʶʶҵĶžɱ֮
ʥһ䣬˫һϣ漴ֿ˫֮䣬һǵ⽣ââֵһ̣һɼ产˵ɱӽâ˲
ʱüͷЦле㿴ͷδУգƵ
꣬ҽµǳ嫣ֻһȺã֮ûɱһҾͻ᲻ҪѽˣΪһɱ˵ĽͲɱˣûɱĽܱ֮Ϊô㣬֪ЩϵɱȥˣʥɭȻЦ
ǰһָʥЦᶼ˰ɣ
ûִɱ֮֮鱻ɱɣҵɱ֮޾ԴԴʥȥ
ʥ˫͵ķֿ˱ֱķɳ֮ʣɫâɫâ֮бĽ֯һɽһѹȥ֮ˣ·Ҫһ㣬֮ǰƽǿֹٱ
ɱ֮ȻˣôҲкˣʦĳ֮£ǲˣ˿ôվԭص˵
֮ʣܵĿռдһĪʥֱϸʱʧɫ
ڴʱʥߵĿռ͵һռһУ֮һīĽâ׾ٵĺʥɱ֮ݺݵغϣɳ֮Զҽһ߲¥֮У¥׺
Ʒɵ֮һoָռؼ܃oν


ʮ ҶսӰ֣
Ṧϰ֮˵һѧ˵Ǳ޿ΣŵҲ򵥵ĺܣӿȪѨɷ߱ڣа룬Ṧĳ׶ˡ
Ȼг׶Σм߼ռ׶Σм׶Ѿ漰ڶصĶصľй켣ٽ˫֮ϣԼֱ߳ٶȣι켣ı仯νˡ
ڸ߼ṦضĹӳˣ֮ⷽṦһĹ䲻˵ǷëǰĴڣҲǼϡٵģһгսʱܸƣΪԷ죬ôֻܱ
Ҫ˵ռṦˣʵνռṦûһĸΪѾپѧԼˣҪȥ򾳽ǰȥȻԼȻ֮Уأһ֮£޷Զ
νṦ֮ˣν书޼᲻ƣΨ첻ƣҵٶܿ쵽㿴ţֻҴķݣƲķҲܻĺ㣬Ṧ˵ǱزٵһܣҪѧףҪȴѡ
ҶĵṦѾﵽһʲôĲأʥĵ£ҶģаŴʥ֮еӰʱѾ񵱳ǰμˣ뱻ľǲܳˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôṦֱֲײĴǸʵҪ֪ڴĽȺУṦֶսߵĽֱײԼƣΪ˲ϢʧȥԷӰ֮ʱѵĹᡣ
ײЩɵƻʲôӰ죬õԻֶΣҶӰʥ֪һ㣬ڶ˵ƻ̶ȣ⼸аҪӵķһЩ
ôˣƺܽǲҵٶΪʲô㰡ҶĵĻصӰʥĶߣɵعͷķʱǱȴһ
Ӱʥתͷ֮ʣҶĵӰȴѾǰֻҶϳϷʵЦݣӥצǰֱ̽Ӱʥʺȥ֮죬Ƕ֮ݣǲԷ·Ĵ㡣
ӰʥֻеԼǰһɶϮתͷ֮ȴѾ˰ģֻܾƫΣҶһצڸԼʲôˡ
˽Ҷĵϳһ˿ѪӰʥĲҲָۣȻأṦⷽѾ·磬Ҳͣٶٴһɣ˷ɴܳƬ¥к֮ʧӰ١
Ҷһ˫Ŀһһżһ⣬һ˲䣬ͷ֮͵ĽָâָâƥٶȸǿľˣҶ̧ͷȥʱӰʥ˫ָһָâȻҪɱҶһֲ
ָǹ꣡
ӰʥͻȻϮʱյǡôҶһ̽ͻϮ˵ķӦӦûܵģҶȴʲôˣָâ͸ȴûжֵ˺ΪֻҶƶʱѳĲӰˡ
һӰʥסˣҶĵӰȴǷɳ֮ϣֻӥûһ˫ӥצڷ趯ţһȦȦֿݵצӰĪٶȣֻգ۲ٶѾӰʥҲϮ
ӥŊZչ
ҶĵצƲνѸͣʯ켣꣬ʱĺУһеǿޱȡ
ӰʥۼҶĵϮҲɫһ˫ݺύвɣգ֮Դʮ֮࣬ƺñȺÿһƶպõĻҶצƵıȻӲľͽҶĵצи
ơ仨ˮ
Ʒû뵽һõаʥ֮һȻɾʮƷҴ۽簡ۿԼʽ仯⣬ҶĲŭЦֺǺǵ˵
֪ѧʽʺԼĲõģǻõĺþУĻʲôȥáӰʥƳһҶģһֲмĿǽѵ
Ҷһ㶣漴ȻһЦ˵ͷڵţ˵ûܽˣôǼɣ
ҶĻһ·˷һ䣬ʱѳʮӰӸͬĽǶȿ񹥶ٶ˵޿ޣѾ˷ֲĸˣӹ˵ǼҪ˺ռӥצ˲Ҷһǿƻǿ
ɷצȺӥʳ
ҪצŽ񽭺ǰ֮УãҲͨ˵׳ˣۼҶǿӰʥŲæԵúǵҶԵе㵡
Ҷһ˲䣬Ӱʥһ˫צ͵ǰ˺ȥצƿף羪Σ˵צ·˺һƲһ㣬ҶĵĹƳ߽⣬צ׺Ǳɫ͸һа֮⡣
֡벻
ӰʥͻצУ⧲֮µҶıӰʥצиݺݻɣȻأﻹǱӰʥ֣ˣû뵽ӰʥȻṦָƷצ϶в׵裬ѧȴͨСƲá
ҵצΣɣӰʥǸ߸߹Ц
ӰʥõצУʧѾõĴ֣צаҪ޵ôɱҪһĴۣӰʥʧȥԼҲ˵һȫӡ
ʧȥûиӰʥ̫Ӱ죬˵ʱô𡣶սҲ½٣ļйٴǿˡ
ǴӾŴȵǿսиӵĵӦ֣οʧȥгɣ˵Ƿǳһ£ֵҲûʧ
˵֣ԳƵǽצҶĵӥŊZɷצй֮޲ⲿצʽݶǰһа߽֮ᱻ֮ڣǱ˺ɱ˵־ëȻ
ڵҫ°ʶ֮ʣҲһʩչֵˣħűһٱֻǺߵĴӰʥıǿС׼ˣֱӰʥʩչɱǸһҪǿϰٱǧֹҶĶĴҡ
ؿǰӰʥһе֣ƶֻһһת˲Ҷĵǰ˫צдɭɭıһǰһʮצצżǿǣұצպ෴ӵмֲĴ͸ɽȻ෴צҶĵûƶֻչӲƴ
֡ݣ
Ӱʥͱ˵ʽҶжʱŭ£澭˲ռһΣ֮£һֻӥҶĵһ˫ӥצ·Ҫ˺ѿռһצѸͣƥҲѷɫӰʥ١
ɷצ̻
ʯһ˲䣬˵צӰһצӰݺύһʱ䶷ѽѷ֣ҶĵĸɷצצǿӰʥĴֵݶצаޱȣȻõĶצУȴһһаγĶԱȡ
ʱĶ˶ǴĿˣΰצ·ɴܣһʱаǶǶ˵Ӱٶ֮캧ţצиѸޱȣ˭ķӦҪ˰֣̾ͻٲĵز
ڶ˶ݱ֮ʣԶͻȻ״һˮͰɫ׵£쳹أǶаǶţûá
֮ɫ׻㼯һ㣬һɫʼۣĹ򣬱ԴﵽۿɼĵزҪ֪ӾжϣҶߵаǾǿɫǧ֮Զôֳɫжأ
ܺǸɣҶĿһǿɫ򣬵һ䣬һģӰʥ˿ɳ֮
ֻӰʥһ˲ҶĵߣצһҶĵһ֮£ҶĶʱãϴһʹֻҪӰʥһҶֱҪˡ
ҽ֣ҷģСһҾҪһ۰򣬸һѵɣ


ʮ °ս湻յģ
ʱصһ֮ǰҫ˷ͷж֮󣬱һаǵĳ°ͻȻһսǱ㳯սⱬ֮ط˹ȥ
°Ŀĵ֮󣬷ִ˵ǾŴа֮һеĴһ׳˶ϥ˫ϥ֮ϰڷһɫĳĵ֮ϻ˸һϸܵĵ绡˱һɼ͵ս⡣
°̤ն΢΢üϵ׳˶ӣʵĻǱ绡Ƶĳ˵һּ񱩵ĵ⣬·ķ֮£Իᱻըɷ顣
ΪҵսҫȻˣҵĶ֣Ȥĺܰ׳˶ӱ˫ۣ˵ƺûаѳ°
°΢΢һ㶣ߴֱŵ׹ȥֻһ죬°أϳһϸܵơ
ճ˵°֮ϵĸ߿գ׹ĳӦҳһӲŶԣɳ°ǡôȵĽԼ׹ĳֲڵ֮ϣһѲѰǿġ
ʱ°ǰھ׳˶ʮʱͣ˽Ų΢΢һЦڵոջ˼ӮƵģľôаô
׳˶ƺû۵Ĵ㣬Ǹ߸߹Цʮɵİգ֪˭г°ڹķL񹦣ΪѴһĳ̶ȣѧʽǲǚȭذȭľΪѴ뻯ڣʵȻѾ൱ɹˣ˵ǲһˣ
׳˶˵֮󣬳°˶סˣιӺףڵ֪鱨ʲôʱģһõ鱨֮ʱñ㻹ǿأпǹô
׳˶ԣ̾һҡҡͷ˵:˵鱨һǰģǵ츳ʣ˰ҫ⣬һＴʹǿҲ̫Ľ˵һñһǿܷ
°Цеĵ˵ͷڵ:һѵԼǰ׻µĳӦаŴʥеʥɣ
׳˶ӵ˵ͷȻ:ûаŴʥ֮һʥְɣǿһҰɣ֮㽫ûʩչˣ
䣡
һ춯صľ죬·ըһ쳹أһδСȭӡʱ͵һۣгŵɫʣʧɫ֮ʣȭӡѾߣѾˣֻܾеľŻ׵õȥӲ
ȭӡھŻ׵ĵʱֲľȻѹ΢΢ȥȭӡֱֱƳϰ֮ԶֱһʮɹŽȭӡݺɢסΡ
ʱѶദ𣬳ɢѪҲ˵Ǳ׿ĳ°Ѿͷϣһ˫񣬵Ŀ
û뵽аľŴʥУȻôΪǵʥ㵽ƾʲô϶һﲻñǿҪնɱôǺǣҺڴ
°Ļ˱̣˵ΪаŴʥ֮һӦò᷸Լĵֵͼ󣬿ʵ֤λʥƺʲôԼĵˣԼĵ⵹ֺֺЦ
ȻԼһǰ鱨ҫ䳰ȷ̽ԵĹȥﳰͣȫԼԼһԵߣ°û뵽аȻôһС󣬶һʥ֮ʵǿЦ
ʱɫˣǶˣ°ոһȭľϺݺݵһƣĽڱ°ݺݵؼ̤аȼ
ãܺãǿΪ֮ǰ볰ǸѾɹļŭңôҽܡ̧ͷ°ҧгݵ˵˫ѪƺҪ°̻һ㣬Թ֮ɫ
֮ʣֻ׵͵ĸ˳°޴ɫâż񱩵׵â׵âȥѸޱȣǿƥ֮ǿ·Ҫضնһ㣬ֱĳų°ȥ
׵һױO
ոյᵽ鱨еĹΪLһǰɣôҾʶһ£ҵĹΪȥһʲôĳ̶Ȱɣ
°Цһһ֮͵һɲǼء硢ˮסؼ伫µȻ֮˷ӿ°ڣһеķֻգ֮ѡ
L񹦶幦һ
׵âڳ°ʱԵȻ֮ƣ׵âһ֮£ԵȻ֮͵ıֲķâӦ飬ŵ°һɾѡ
һĻǾϵľ֮ɫ֮ǰ°һȭҪţԼһȻȫû°֣ûаѾˣʵеš
ɳ°ɲǷ֮Уһٸ£һȭ˳ƺԵȻȭͺ£һȭ⾳ޱȣǴһ͵ı֮Ƶķ֮£޷ܣֻӲһ;
ǚȭ䣡
ۼޱȵȭ͵һҧоŻ׵˳°ȭ֮ϣԵƥ׵âڵ֮ϣնһ޴ޱȵ׵âĳ°ĵȭ档
׵ēġ
˫ƶԺ䣬°ȭӲĺĵâȴǷֺңֻһ׵һâһǰ֮ƣϣһǾƱ֮ǰҪǿֹ
׵ġ
âɨ°ݺݵɨգؿڴǳһбŵĵۣҪǧһ֮ʣ°ʶĺ˰ףһѾһΪˡ
ʱĳ°Ĳ֮ɫиŭͣģˣˣһﻹյĹԣȻǰҸƭˣ
°ƭˣǵģȷƭˣΪаŴʥ֮һʥĻ֮ǰǰΪǣĿôȻܣˣǾʥҲûķݣһжװġ
ûҪݼ˵аŴʥ֮ףŴʥ֮Ҫ˵գǵ֮ĵһˣ֮ǰ֮Դӳ°Ϊľģؼʱ̣չһ
ն񣬼ʹʵ֮ͨܣͷԲҪɵģӵƷǰһмıʵֻϧƷֻһҲƷɣϣȡѵɣѹ˵ȡ˵Ļûжֲ˵أűԼĳ°Ц
ϻô࣬㵱ұôλ̫˵㣬ȭ
°ֱ׹£һŭȣȭ˳ƺȭѹ̩ɽѹһȭľ֮ǰǿһֹ°⺬ŭֵһȭ֮ǿױȣȻǶ
ذȭʮʽؽ٣
ų°ޱȵһȭüһŻ׵һǰ֮ƣ춯ֱ֮ϣϵ绡ƥ׵â͸Ե쳣֮ͣǿǺޱȡ
׵ߓġŭ˺ѵأ
âȭĶײ˲䱬һ쳹صĺֲ˺쫷һ㣬ɨķԲһڵһжΪƽأ°һһ±˴˵ľ˳ȥ
ҳһ޿ӣ°Ǳǧ֮ߣеĳ°͵ĿȳһѪһתǽƸѹȥ޿еǳӶ֮ϡ
صһ˲䣬˰еѪʱϵɫνǿ̬¶ˣĨȥǵѪ֮ɭȻЦܺãǿ󣬿õھœûɱˣ֮£°㹻Ժˣ


ʮ ǧ֣似з
ǧʥǰиãֻһﻹǵ񰡣
һǽں棬һ£һһ̽ԴǽǴһۣԴո̽һƬâƿնȫɨԴǶ쳣ĵ
һĻ͵Դֻǧһ֮ʣâɨЩâʵһööɫûĶǧʥǰһİ֣һʱ䣬ɾȴǳϵһ浹Ȼǧʥѹˡ
İжǿҪ˵ֱΪģһİ֣ľ˫ϵɾɾַʤͷŰ֮ͨһĶðԼȥı켣˷ʤ
ϧʱǧʥ̻һʲôǿǿ֣һɽһɽߣǧʥɾַǳֵٶȣ͸䰵֮й켣Ҫʤһ
ؿǰ֮յĶǧʥİͻϮɻûһԭ߲ɫȻ۷˻š
һ쳣ֻ˫͵һмƽɨ֮£ǰɫԱɨ˹켣ǻΪġ
绨ѩ¡ľ裡
ǰɫһɨ֮ͻȻǰĵϳһӰüͷ΢΢λתҲһһ̵ĳΰ
ϮСȸᣡ
ΰϴżļ̣ڱ֮󣬷·һ㿪ʼŤת켣仯ļݣвһֻҵӾλ
СȸĿվǽ֮ϵһ꣬Ǻݺѹǧʥˣ֮ǰϳֵĺӰʱµӰӡ
˵ʱʱ죬Сȸٶǿ󣬳˸ûӦĹϧǰɲʲôˣǧʥ
ֻǧʥһֺϲתһ˫Ů˻Ҫϸ۵˫֣һץȻ̵ĴСȸͬʱץУֵٶȣĪ
ʱͽץסǼ̵ĴСȸᣬЩ̾ȻǴ̲ϵƤǿƺҲоʹƵģͣİ¶˷·ӰЦݣ֮ЦĿеİظҿʼͣĴ
ûλаи߸ϵľŴʥ֮һǧʥʵһưͣͲ޲˵򿴹֮󣬷ŷǳصȱݣ³һ֡
㱻ԼĸаһּҪһɱ֣ǧʥСʱҲܾаͬ˵ż裬ֱʮһ꣬һССʯһаеţӴԺ󲻵˸ǣǱаΪаеĵһɱ֡
֮˵ưͣŽ湦ǳΪаŴʥ֮һаβа޼ǧ֡
ھŴʥ֮УǧʥССһЦеĺģҲǷǳͣȻ˵ڼʱҲǷǳòûаڳһѲŰ̬ǿų֮ģ˵аһࡣ
ȻǧʥԸƽ׽ˣалû˸Ͼʵ޼ʥſɲƽ޹ʵģǸÿ˵ʵصдģҲ˵ǧʥͷŰ֮ʱĺǧֻһ㣬̾Ϊֹ
ԹǰǧʥͣĴԴһɻ˵ҽôСȸ᣿
ǧʥһϲͣĵͷԵøãȻˣڵǵѽ㲻Ҫɱô
ô˵ǧʥæ˫֣صǵģҲɱģֻѣͷسǣû˵һɱ֮ѽԣҲɱģܲܽôİ˼أ
˼ðɣǻҪֳʤģҶߣҲǾͨһߣֳʤ㲻òôʵ
ǧʥԴ˼֮΢΢ͷջ˵˵ҲԣɣֻʤӮˣҾͰҵġǧɱڸ㡣ӮˣͽôЩŰΣ
ŰѾаڰɽһսŰľǴʣаȻὫд鱨֮Уаеĸ׼ֻ֪֪ˣܰսʤ
û⣡ô˵ˣȻҵŰôȤҾȼʶһ£ҸŰ!ȻһЦ˵ͷڻص
ȻаǵжԹϵҲûäĿȥаҪ˵аһ˶ûǲܵģ뻵ֻǲͬ˿۹ⲻͬˡ
аΪôаǾôҲȻаеİҫˣչֳƽֻһααưˣͬҲһֶԣνƶûڲͬ˵Увͬķֱ档
˵ʱǧʥֵжԸоѵĽǶȥ֮˫˭ûȶֻǸնȴһʵʱڱȵ˭ܳס˭һǸʱ
ͻȻһ΢𣬵һƬҶǧʥǰƮ֮󣬶ͬʱһ˫Ŀͬʱ˦ԼİǰĿռʱһĻ𻨡
ڻһ˲䣬һϵֻУ漴һֻգ֮һΪʮѸײڶ֮ƣʮͬĽǶԼ켣ǧʥ
ǧʥǰһ˫ַ·ˮһ㲻ͣ趯û֮ǰǰֱȥץʮöֻֻ˫趯ʱʮöֻƫԭи켣Ȼ䷴˻ȥ
ǧɱҷ
ֻǧʥȴе͹İҪ֪ǰһΪʮֻȫ¸Ű׻
ǧʥ׻ȥʱ׻ûɳԶͱһָԭأͬʱʮö׻ʼһ޷ŵƵǧʥʱһ˫ĿԴ˻ƵİȻǱƵĹǺ
Ű׻
ǧʥƵͷۻ֮ʣ˫һʮöξƬзɳΧһȦǰ
һӣһ۵İ׹ȫ汬׵ǧʥ׹̼᲻ֹæ˫ۡ
ɾ۵һ˲䣬µʮҪѨһľʹ֮УԭǾƬʱЩѨ֮ϣǧʥھʹһ˲䣬˱ֱķ˳ȥ
ľ둹
ҵʮö둹ҪѨ⣬Ȼܳˣһﵽ˲ǣֱǹ𾪣һǧʥ׷ȥ
νппŵǧʥƺϳһʵ϶Էյ˺ʵ޵ĺܣû˭ʮö둹ܲһѪ˵ġ
ʾԼĹûиԷʲôʵԵ˺Ŷԣǧʥһʲôַܵ˺ͣһҪ˵ǻĳ䲻С
ʱǧʥ֮ʣһ˫Ŀʱ˵ľ⣬֮ǰ둹ɵƣԭ˹ڼ׷Լʱ򣬶ʱɫһҶһƮȻ
ҲٶֹסԴǧʥֱϰգֻӡ漴˫ۻչֵĻ棬Ŀɿڴ
ǧʥ˫չͻȻһֱֻֻۣ绨ţֱԽԽ࣬Ѿ󽫽ƽһһչէ֮£ǧʥ·һǧֱֻһ㣬̾Ϊֹ
ǰⷬ澰еŵʵû뵽Ȼۼ似з֮ʣǧʥɱеˡ
ǧֱֻۣͬʱŵϵ˦ţɲǼ䣬յâ֮طԲ֮ڸ׵ĸһ飬֪ˡ


ʮһ ٶħģ⣡
˵ʱ˿̵ľаûһڹ̫ƽӵģΪҫ˵ĵǽаһ췭ظ
ʱڵаУеٵһͿһĵȻ֮ɫעǰԼĶ֣ԷҲһһ˫񣬶ݺݵĶŹ١
ٵĶ˭ħʥҪ˵аŴʥ֮УҫϤһλ˭ȻǷħʥĪħʥԪؼҲڰҫСʱйٵĽӴ
ڵ˫һ񶼼ʱħʥհҫΪͽֻǱҫܾˣħʥĿܣúõĴһǱҫˡ
ڶμ֮ʱ置³У˫ڶν֣һڹ˵ļ룬ְһΣħʥаֱ½԰ҫǺ֮ǡ
ʱڵаǣϲЩʥаܾ˰ۣʼٸǰҫˣÿùú÷йй
ʱ˿̵ĹٻǵǸٵĻôħʥĿĻпܴɣϧǣʱյĹپǵտɱȣʵ֮ʵ̾Ϊֹ
ھΪϣѾﵽ뻯۷֮ȻŸͻƲãͬȼľΪûʲôʱԽʵԽǿ˵ԾΪۣ˫ͬͬףôսǲ̫Ĳࡣ
ڹΪϣһǰȹȵ֮ĽĵҩȡѪǳǧĿֲȻӴʱ˷˽ҵʣٵĹΪﵽһǳֲĳ̶ȡ
Զ֮յĹٴս˵ħʥ϶٣˫һʱ˵Ǵ֡
սʱ䣬ֳУħʥȴûռκαˣȻԼҲʧչֳʵ𾪲ѣ޷ܵǣһֱǿָսģûء
Ϊβ٣ǿñʵ㶯ôħʥз˫ۣ˵ĺۿ͸˵Ҳ쳣ɭ䡣
΢΢һЦҡҡͷڵҲҲ԰ɣ٣ñҪʵʱչ֣οҵѹԶûдﵽҷǶٲɵʱأ
һħʥʱȻŭֻؽҧݺݵص˹һۣ漴ǰ壬ֱٶȥ͵ıһɱ̹ǵɫ˫˳ƺƾ֮лһ㱬Ƶ羢Ƽ䲻ס
ħľ磡
ۼħʥ񹥶һŲæչ˫ۣԲ˫۷ת֮ʱ˫ĸһһţ˫ƻӶ˲۳һ޴ǳ̫ͼǰ
o񹦡¾Ųƣ
ħʥ˫ƺͼʱ˲ͱȥΣβ棬˶ǹǿľ׷˳ȥ
ûʩչǰҫĶžеĵŲƣڟoģ֮£ټǲҪȥѧϰʲôѧʽģֻҪ˽һ֣ܹԷѧʽڹķĿģ¹ֻҪПoڣҪѧѧʲô¡
ؿǰʩչŲƽħʥ׷֮Ҳͣһ̤棬һ죬һֱȥգ֮׷ħʥ
һ˲ҲǱһʶĺһƣҪ俪ҽŸ߸̧͵һ̤ħʥģһŵľǺޱȣħʥ֮ʱ߶ʱеֱ۴һʹ׻˾ôһŸɻ˵ĵ档
o񹦡°ȡ޲ս޵У
ħʥһŸɻص֮涼ҳһӣٸǵˣֱ£˫߳ɲǼӰݺύȾɽһ£Ƽ侪ˡ
o񹦡°ȡһǿݣ
̰ʤ֪СҪ񣬿У
еħʥŭһɫ˫Ʒӿһǿ磬ٵӰжǱɵһɶж֮ǾеŲƣҲй֮޲
ħľߵ񷣡
žǣڿ޴һ˳ž£ƽ֮죬켣֮׽֮еħʥʱɫһ䣬һ˳֮С
ۼڴЦһα仯⣬·еҶһƮ޶ĸоٶȸǼ죬ת˲֮׷ħʥͬʱ˫Ӱħʥе·޿ɱܣֻӲӡ
ħʥݺݵҧҧ˫һ˳ƺ֮£һʥ֮󣬰˫ƺ۳ʥҲͬʱƳ˫ƣӡһɽľֻһ棬㽫еӰɢ
ħľʥƣ
˵ƾŷ˲ãһˣ˫һָڿָۣ˵ɫâ͸ָâƥ֮£ֻڵʯ֮䣬ƿն
o񹦡¾񽣡˽뷢
ħʥһǰâʵڹڿݣܣ˫Ʒ趯ֱӲǰ˵ɫâֻ⽣âʵǳֵ֮ʣ϶ദҪâƿһʱ쳣Ǳ
âʧ֮ʣûħʥɿٵĹˣֻһֱھħʥʮ׵ľʱζȻһ䣬ѳʮӰֳӥצ֮ƣΧħʥչ˼͵ͻϮ
o񹦡ӥŊZ츲ؾ徣
һﲻûôô޾һ㣬һнһУͣ٣Ƿǳһвˣ
ħʥаޣ˫Ŀ͵һɣ˫һչһ𣬿񱩵ɫɽ㱬۳һļ̬է֮£ħʥ·һͷһ㣬²˼Ȼû޴ֻ֣ǿбħʥ˻ȥ
ħľһп򣡡
ڹٱ֮ʣħʥ˫ĿͻȻһһ۵һ̣ʮаӷɴܶٸΧЩӿȥЩŹ֣˫񣬺ޣûһ˿¶ˣоȴһƤĿܡ
ƳһΧȺԴֲ죬Щ˻ǹŹֵĽȥ볣죬ǹɱƣԼĸо·һ㣬вӡ
СòϣĽȷĿ࿴ǱҲûͣǰģж֮£ˣħʥɭȻһЦ֮гѪĹâ˵
󷨣˵󷨵һֽװ棬ħʥǿԪ񣬽Ϊ˿ȥоΪ֮µĸ֣پԪϸһ˵ϣܹȺơ
ҲǾǿһħʥʱΪһʮǼޣʮ˿ɲʲôආÿ˶ܷӳħʥ߳ɵʵ
ħʥǿԵ͸֧Щ˵һܶʱøǿսսԴﵽħʥľųʵ
ųʵµħʥǿ뻯ģҲ˵ڹԵǶʮʱܱ뻯ʵĳ֡
ȻʱһЩ˱͸֧ޣֱȻʮ˵۷սֻάһ̵ܶʱ䣬ϵƾǷǳֲġ
ԹٵǻȻܽһ͸ûгʲôȻ߽ŵɫ΢ЦЦħʥ﷢ëһַǳõĸо
֮ǰ˵٣ֻڱҪʱҲŻᶯãԣҾأ΢Ц˵
һ䣬ȡ±ϵ٣Ȼַסƽǰɨһٵı档
һӣħʥһ𣬵ɴ˫ĿһѪǶʮƵаӣҲͬʱһѪ


ʮ ָսָף
֪ĪаУžʥһϵаУŴʥÿ˶Ƕһĳ֣֮ʢڰҫЩ֮㻹δ֮ǰ쳹
ֻҪǾʥ֮ԻһȷѪ꣬ǱǶϵĿ꣬ûԣǵ޷ɥ֮أκԼΨֱ֮
ȻһеǽһľʥʱǨһľʥʵ˿Լǰǣÿ˶뻯۷Ϊʥ֮׵ʥ̷ֱͻƵ֮ǳԽǰ
һľʥֱ򶾡Ӱǧ֡ħġסڤ񽣡Լаܷľʥ
Ҫ֪аŷǴַһǿΪֻҪ㹻ǿ㽫εĲаɱΪаĵһǳ飬˶Ϊ
ˣʥǷǳģڲϵ̭߹Уλоʥˣĸǳʹ֮ͨΨһľʥȴһֵʥ֮ĸо
ھΪУһȻҲ뻯۷ľΪͻƵʱǳǿھһͻƵģҲ˵ԵˣⱲӶͣ뻯۷֮ͣǰ
Ȼ˷ǳİһĿһУΪǵĵزɲʥӲװԻ˵ģΪǣ۸ڶԴ󣬾԰԰Դ󣬲Ӣ۷
԰ĺڰҫ֮ǵͷˣļҵűҫ뷴а֮¹ˣǨ̳뿪Ƭ֮أᵽ˷֮صϷ
˷֮صϵȻƶ񤣬˽ܵбһĲ࣬԰ʱ޿̲ݣֻϧ޼׼ôԳ޼԰ôҲΥ
֮󣬰ҫ˰˲칬վʵͬͻͽ԰ûаֵ֧ĻҪȥҰҫ˵鷳ѱȵ죬ǵҫȫﵽ뻯֮˲칬뷨ʵ֡
˵Ļں棬ҫ߷аս֮׵⵽𸮻ԵĴĴ£Žʱ䣬ű㱻׻
̳ƣŵ̫ϳϱΧ԰֧ڸ˴ﱻҶĻؿܴ֮ε԰ֻܴŲбܽ˻аӵǧʷŴӴɢ
ŵĸӦ԰ʥаеĵλÿ£Ѿв˻ܷ񵱵ʥţԣ԰ҪסԼʥ֮ͱҪһʤõĿȻǰҫˡ
ָǰʱ԰ǿڳ޼ɵĳЦָУ֮г˱ӣ⻭Ҫȳ°ʥʱߵ볰Ҫ֡
ȻָеĻӦҲ°һģһû˵䣬ֱһƺ˵ľֱ԰죬ǿľ԰һֲ˶ɳϰ֮ԶģҪǱжǱ
ָں԰֮ԼҲסˣаŴʥûһǺǵһ̾Ϊֹǿʵһӹɵġ
ǰһӻ̸˵ԼжǿʥһͱָһƺˣָԼԵüΪ죬Ϊ԰ʾԼԼٽˣıڣָвûеģӵ
԰ָкɵһָ̣С׷ȥҪӽ԰ʱֻ԰ŭһһɼǿĳɫȫ汬ܱײķݲкݺݴɡ
ɳɫ֩Ĵ֣һڽڵķֿԵú·һ԰֮ϣ˵ɱ⣬˵񱬷ָ˲еһѹȸӭ
ľ
ָֻоѹȸвûǿԼļµĳ̶ȣһֽеĸоָϸϸĴ԰ۣжʱʲô
ҵأаŴʥ֮УӦһɣָ˫ۻһֲм԰Ǹ߸Ц
ΪĿԸۣ԰ҪɷɻңΪˡ仰԰ҧźӲģǸҧгݵģ·Ҫָҧһ
ҪСһˣһҵϣɲܱ֮ΪŶָʼ磬һν˵
԰һ°͸߸ָָаȻҲ͵ϮңôôԴˣܰңƾǵʵʮҾܽ㵱أȻ㴵Լǲ֪ν
֪ν㣡
ָ棬һԾƣ۵糸֮˲԰ǰʱĻŸո¶ѣָ԰е㷴ӦӦʱֻоؿڴһҵʹ˾Ȼֱָһƺ˳ȥ
е԰ֻоؿһƣ˵ȻأǱָٴͻϮ֣ǰĲУҲ˲ˣΪָеӰѾͷ֮ϡ
ʯһ˲䣬Ӹµָ˫ƼдʵԾݺύۻңһϢ֮Ժʮ֮࣬ÿһƵľǺޱȣ纵쾪ףȻѹ԰һϢУ֮ǿʵС
ңƪһ أ
ۼָƺ԰͵һ˫Ŀ֮ϵĳɫ·һ㣬ʼ趯ҲƣЩȰĳɫȻйָУһʱȻ˭κβ˭
ľؼǬ
ӴвԭҲûеôһǴۼ԰صܲ͸磬ָҲǰһ΢΢һЦڵ
ߣ˵ŰѵһţΪֻͨ󷨣û뵽ϵĹ򵹻ԣҵǵ͹ˣ԰һʱҲôΪһʥеơ
ʱ͵һԺ䣬ǿķ˫ͬʱ˳ȥ֮԰˫һУܷ֮Уʯߣ԰һܵʯƱһкָС
ľؼ
ؿָУۼǺñȿ籩һʯɨֻһת˫˳ƻԲһȦȦԾΧתЩʯһԾ̱ɷĩָе֮ȣǹơ
ңƪڶ Ǭ
ۼڴˣ԰ɫһ˫һʳָָ𣬺ֱָУһǿĳɫâ¸ǣâһǰ˵ľɨƽǰһϰָеԾüޡ
ľɱСɱ⡤˫
԰һУǾеľУƺƥ˵Ϊ˶ôĲһϵĹǲСġ
һת˲֮ѵָеǰĿֲ⣬·ҪضƵģָȴǵȻһЦڵмˣ޼Ǭ跨һؾ壡
һ䣬ָӡһ𣬵϶ʱһͼͼ֮͵ĺ׷ˮԵݺݵĺ԰ϣϵĽâ˸Ӳź졣
ʱԵ԰ҧأɿֲĹ˫ƳԼϵָףаȰεһöɣ㹻ˣ
ǣ԰ѵİԼʳָϵĽָףһӣ԰ϵĚʱǿʮ࣬ԭɫøֲ֮£ת˲㱻ޡ
԰һڿУͷϵָУ˵ʮ֮ȡ㹷
ָҲ̧ͷ԰һ૵빦ʮϣΪöָ׵Եôʥʥֶλأʮоȡ᲻̫д˵㰡
һ䣬ָһֱϣ԰ҲǸ£˻ΪһһֲľɨķսŸոտʼ


ʮ ҵˣ̫֮ϣ
֮һƬңɰҫ֯İ˴󳬼аչһľս˫ݱѽѷ֡
˴󳬼ֱΪҫİ˲칬ѩѱħ׼ҡ𸮡ˡ塢񶼿ƼԼ˾Ӷߵš
˾ӶӦģ㵹û˻ȥ˵ǵлϾһר󷨵н˳ϵĵӱѧΪ
˵һѧ˫޵ָУ˶ָһˣָҲֻԸ£սѣ˵Ը񶼸󲿷ֵĵ˻רһġ
Ȼϲսûһ󣬵ǻиҪĹȥǾ취ҳа̳֮ء
Ҳа̳Ҳùɨƽаڽез֧̳ƣаȫϢɽνҰݳ紵
˵ףѣа̳񽭺֪죬ڵأںУڵصף˵κǿ뵽ĵطûа̳ĺۼ·ǵ̳һ㣬֮κ֪Ʒ֪ɴڻ֮Уûתѵļ
ʱפشеԯѰϷֻ˫Ŀգüͷˣƺʲô⣬еʮֵķѽ⡣
ûãԯ͵һ˫Ŀûĸˣλ֮󣬵ͷⲻѽضҸѰ˸飬ȻûҵûУصûУûУûУζûУѵаû̳ڣȫʵ
ûԯһһֱάѰ󣬽ⷽس׵ڵѰһһ飬ǲôѰȻѲа̳λá
Ҫ֪Ѱִ󷨣רѰ֪̽ģڴѰ£ⷽصκΣ󷨵أѰҲ֪̽
ǾһµѰȴʼûҵа̳ڣʵԯܰ˼⣬Ҳе쳣ķ꣬ʱ˿ĶڵץͣĳԼͷԵúǿա
Χʮµֹͣ󷨵УѾάѰһµʱ䣬ȻΪ۵ԯʮ˼ĸǵĽͣһ²߲ݵά󷨣ҲǸеƣ۲
ټһֱҲа̳˵һִܸУҪ֪ŵ󷨣ͺñȵŵĻǰ㣬µĵӶԼɵ󷨳ģΪǵ󷨴ﲻԤڵЧζӳ¡
ʱһŵӣԯߣΨΨŵŵ˵Ⱥȱ軺һɣ
ڵϵԯܳ̾һ΢΢ҡͷеӹɾҪȵʱ򣬲ˮеӰչ⣬ǰһ˲̧ͷգ漴ЦһڵģطѹôҶҲԭᵽȥˣ޼㻹Ǻôֱʣ
һ䣬ԯܽеĲ豭ӣ͵ЦݣѯʵǱŵļӰɣʲô֣
ӽӹ豭֮󣬵ͷҴԴͣصڵھŴӣƣ
ԯĽƵļ΢Ц˴󹦣ӽǱҵӣԺ͸űɣ
ԯô˵ƴϲ˫ϥعأæſͷԯ΢΢һЦһӽͳ⣬漴һȣ׼Ѱת£Ѿ֪а̳ˡ
˼ԯ¶ֳŵЦнһ𣬳һȣ˻صԼλãٴѰ󣬶Ϊ۵ԯ˫Ŀ𣬻±һɼҫ۵Ľ⡣
ԯܵӡ仯ϵĽȫӡ֮ϣֽ̧뵽ͼ֮УͼʱһֱĹ֮һĽɫһֱ֮ϡ
һԵĽƿɫһɳ죬ǰʮĵӣҲʦǣڰ֮ϣݵԯܣжʱһĪĸ̾
ǰһж˰Уʹ
ɫû˿ͣЪֱϣһ춯صɫΪһȻؼϣֱ֮С
˫еһԲ֮ϣǿԲ屻˳֮Ϊ̫̫֮ϣһӴĻΰ֮УһƬȺģƴֺ룬мһ޴󹬵עĿҶ֮да֡
û̫֮ϵĽȺа̳ˣҲ֪޼ʲôֶΣ̳ᵽܣ룬ѹְҫұضûҵа̳ԭ
ʱа̳֮Уʮ֮ϣ޼ڰ֮ϣֻ˫Ŀ΢±ĵͽâζָˣֻܰԭء
ڽݵ·а񸱵𣬳ϻĳаʹڵصȺų޼ķԸ޼ûпڣȴֱӳ˵ԺС
ƷɸµĽƻҾȫƳˣʱҪݺݵİһɣеսΣ
ƿ֮УȻʽ̫ãŴʥбҫ˸ΣգǵԮѾ׼ˣձɸȥ֧Ԯµľص
ܺã˳ϣħ״ˣ
аϻĳڻصаħĽȷǳ룬ʱܳϣҪӴԴй㣬ҵԴе֧
Դ£㲻õģֻҪ÷ڵ¾ͿˡеԴ֮ħֱӽٵ֮Уһӭж⣬ʱҵ뿴Щһν⣬Ǻǣ
޼Ļʧ֮󣬽µ˽̲ס˸δħ֮ĳжʱһëȻĸоһ˿̵ǳ޼İţв̣Ҳ֡
ԯ϶ĵӻǴûˣȻҿңȻҵа̳ڣ㻹е㱾£ֻǽ飬ɲˣҹɣ
޼Ļ˸еһĪãȻ֮ʣֻ޼͵һ˫Ŀжʱ˵ľ⣬ͻȻһʼѣûñ㻯Ϊ˻ҽ
ߣôǹȥԮܵʤֻҪסȺˣħȫٱɣħ֮ǾֻҪſһϷ㹻ˣٺ٣
ʱ֮е޼һɢѰԯͻȻһ𣬴һһѪ׹䵽֮ϣʮµӣҲͬһѪήҲʮ˼Աըм
ȻǿƳҵѰ󣬳޼б¡ħʲô޼Сӿ϶ʲôıʵУԲóѡ
ڵϵԯʵ𾪵ĲУ֮ǰͨһ޼Ȼ޼֣Ѱ󣬵ǵõһЩȽõϢ
ԯҲҵ飬ȻѾҵа̳λãô֮ͱҪ֪ͨս֮ϵˣһϵıǰҫ
ˣǰˣǰȺúһ£飬ͽǰɣҫˮϵĴѶĵ˵漴ر˴Ѷġ
ҫ̧ͷεɫգ˵ط̫ô
ʱҫڰ֮УµƬɽѱһƬǽ壬Բǧ׵ɽ弸Ĩƽɽıֳһںڽ֮̿ɫһִ̱ǵζ·һֱ׿ľͿӶĴĿġ
ֵǣа̳Ѿҵˣ̫֮ϣʱȥԯǰǱ߼νаУʱڴҽԼĶְɣҪҴˣȫԸɣ
ҫĻͬʱ١ָСҶġ°˵ԺУ˽Ǿһ΢Ц


ʮ ʥʦһ˲ɾ
ʱڽ֣ѶеѽҲֻһˣ
а룬֮ǰյ˰ҫĻһаͳҵˣȻ֮ô㲻˼飬Ȼ̫֮ϣô˵ҲһõĿʼط֪ˣôŪҲȺȺܻа취
ҪڰʱڽԼĶ֣˲֪ǸʲôĶǧʥǿɲʲôǵ
ֶΣʱǧʥ֮ʵǳСеĻһһҹδֵܷóʤ
ȻеĻô˲ȡʤֻǵõپҪʧȥ٣Ȼ˲ȡʤҲǼ侪ˣһй󣬱㲻ӵս֮Ƿǵ򲻵ѵʱ򲻿ɶãǵԤеһУһ
Ҫһô֮ҵʮȥţҲͱͨǿһ˿ʱаҪԮĻȴˣİ취С
ֹͣʱһǽǺ棬֮ǰǧʥһУǰıͷܣǱȻԼת£֮յӳǹΧԼܵҲʵᣬ˶Уƻᡣ
ˣȻΣһ㣬ǣ󣬾һ԰ɣһ䣬ʱżһǽڣ˷𣬳ǽǣա
һ˲䣬˫͵һӣ둹Ͼͬʱһ۵İ׹⣬Լĺֻڵʯ֮䣬Զǧʥ
ۼƿն둹ǿҰ׹ǧʥֻۣȴ׼Ҫ֪ΪһĶ֣ͬ˵Ǻõġ
Ȼ۲ܼǧʥǿĴת˲둹뾪ķ˦ʮöɵĴĹ켣ȫƫ˽Ƕȣ䵽һԵȥˡ
ۼԼ⵽ǧʥأ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬲еһ˫͵һö״İ֮£ϢĻǧʥ
ľ
ǧʥɵһ˲䣬ϷǳͻأıһѪԼסȻ˲ҪʲôܹϢĽӽûֵĲ죬ʵǰ˼⡣
ǧʥһУ䴩ԼİյУϸЩ״൱ĹŹ֣ͷԲ״ڰݣɱƽ״м仹һĲۣ״ǹֵĿԡ
ǧʥ֮󣬶ʱǰһͣİϵİͬʱֻҪһУԼаҰΪʦ
⵹ǰŪе㲻֪룬ϸһµҲⲻ֮ͨǰĽ֣֪ǧʥһµаߣҪ˵ɱ˾ǶĻô¾ûкˣԼϵҲ١
ҫ˵жһ˳ӣ֪ʲô˸ɱʲô˲ɱɱ¾ϣֻɱɱ֮ˣҲûʲôа壬ΪɱҲɱˣֻɱ˵ʱȻҲͲʲôаǹķֱ
ǧʥԼҲͬһ·ˣҪ֪ǧʥɱ˶ֻһ˲佫˱ʲôĥ֣Űʬ֮ı̬Ϊһûиɹɱ˴ӲǣˣֻɱԼĿ꣬ڼжʱ򣬼ŰĿ꣬Էһʹ졣
Ҳھʥ֮У̫˴ìҪ԰ˣǧʥΪαߣаľʥ֮һȴǱֳһֱ˵ģʵۡ
ǧʥҲȥܱô룬أ뷨ܼ򵥣ɱ÷УǶԷҪһɣκɶԣûɵȥɱһˣԲȥ
˵ɱһˣʲôɶҵóǧʥɲʲôɱͽֻɱԼĿ꣬һȥѾҵˣûҪöԷǰܵĥΪԼˣ
ǧʥɱдŰУɱֻһ˲֮䣬öԷûʹȥǧʥˣаеһ࣬ȴİãôʼռԼԭ
õģаɣҲðʦǾѵĹϵдо㿴ô΢΢һЦڵ
ǧʥæ֣ĴԵģڰ췽ҪԶʤңҪѧϰ̣㵱ȻҪҵʦ𣬲Ȼô˼ѧϣһҪΪʦС
Ūǧʥ֮󣬶ʱҡͷЦû뵽ǧʥһͦˣ˵ͷӦ
ۼӦԼǧʥϲЦտ漴λգʾԼҪУ׼ҲһԴȻԼڰ漼һͷŰַɾ磬ǧʥʽаִ⡣
ʱǧʥڷɵʮ֮ϰֻ֮˫ƽչ絶˫۽һ˫͵ķת֮ĲӰʱеǰһǵصɫ·һ㼲ٶ֮죬֮ͣ
ǧɱռһʽǧɱ죡
İΧ׵ķΧԼ޿ӱ޿ɱܣֻӲӣɾͷŰַҲֻܰ̾ϢⷽԼǲԶ
ʯһ˲䣬ۼƿնԽߣעĻУ˼£⶯Ķһ˫ǷϮİתͣۻңûһӰȻǰ֮һİȫ˻ȥ
淴ɾȡ޻ޡСɳɴ
ͻһĻǧʥ¶һĿɿڴı飬һӣͻȻһ˺ѷεľʹЩİֱӴ͸壬ϵѪͣı˲ͱˣŵ׹ȥ
Ҫ֪ЩİעԼľٶ˫ص֮£ǿûӦĹֱӱ˸ţԼοǰܵĹ׵ġ
ǧʥȻˣȴǰܵķڷ֮ǰһ˲ɾǿĺˣԼһģж԰Ϊʦ뷨Ӽᶨ˼֡
أʱ͵ĿԼ˫֣Ǹ㵵ı飬͸Ƶģ漴һϲ֮ɫдʵȻɹˣȻɹˣˣ˶ɾȻɹˣָо̫ˣ
֮ǰһַǧʥַͬҲеһУ֮Ϊ淴ɾֻһеѶȱһй֮޲УһнаĿǣ֮֮Էİȥ
˵ѣҪ֪еţɲֻ漰ɾô򵥣ҪƶʽǶ԰ĸо
ָо˵翵ĺܣҪԼע߶ȼУֹˮ£ڰٵһ˲䣬ץסת˲ŵ˫Ӧ˳ȻĽİȥ
һ˲չֳɾԳƵ似ʱҲǾһҪ֪Էʱûгһ˲ĸоǿˡ
Ͼȥİɲ׼ֻ߶һλᣬӲסĻҪ˵ģ֮ʩչһУ츳⣬Ҫ鹦ԼҹĶɾ
Ҫ֪ڵÿ춼ҪϵϰһʱֵĴﵽŵϣ츳ѧ֮ǰǧһ֮䣬޳Լ⹹еһС
ʵҲ֮ǰһ޳ɵģҲ¶ȴϲıˣɹķǧʥа淴ɾԱ֮Ϊ°Ŀǡ
ؿǰӰ׹ǧʥǿϵĶʹСȡһŵҩȥ漴һϵۿɼٶȻָţһء
֮һǰ漴ƵӲμʦ𣡡
֮ǧʥ˫ϥأصĿһͷȻһЦ˵ͷڵͽɣ


ʮ ׵ھœģŭ׵
ʱ°ڵаǣʥӲһǿ֮󣬶˶˴֮ǹǿķˣֻǶ˵Ϊ˲ƽսҲܱ
ڳ°֮˫Ŀǰ˵ʵڵģ۽磬濴һսթ֮
֮ǰԼ汻ƭˣΪһ۸ڶһ֪ԭһڰϻҲԼ˲С鷳Ӳ׵һһƿ
˵ΪʵӦòмˣЩСֶβŶԣʵպ෴Ȼʵǿ󣬿ͬҲֳһֻҪܵʤ伫̬Ҳó°оͬʱ֮ǰΪҲǼΪм
ı飬֮ǰΪܲðשͷ°˲ǵѪյЦ
°˫Ŀ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷȻɷϣ֮ǰ˵Щȷмֵһթطǿֻǽṇ̀˵ֻҪȡյʤκֶζܺ޹˼ɵʹá
ֻҲмΪ֮ҾüȻҵʵ޼Ǿ浶ǹƴһŽʹ죬ˣЩʲôʵ֮ʵ֮СֶΣҵԣֻҵȭͷ֪ʲôŽˡ
°һ䣬һ£漴ͷЦ׵ָ°Цǽɽв˳һʥȻһСѵ˵ҲˣǺǣСҵ׵նͷ­֮ˣƨǣ
ǾԿ°һ˰֣Ц
ͺȣһ׵˳һ׵â˳ֱ°ȥ°һȭɨɵĺɢ˵â
˫ĿһγһԾ˳°ͷ˫ֳֵһڵ֮ϣ漴ͷһ°ͷ­һâһΪ壬֮ͷ·Ҫ飬׵â£Ҫ°Ļҷ𲻿ɡ
׵ġ
񱩵Ĺƣ°ҲѪڣֻ˫ȭȭƥȭӡĺ·޾һ㣬ɱƵ֮꣬ǿʵǺ֮ȭӡͺ׵â֮ϣգ֮㽫׵â׺顣
ذȭʮʽǣ
°ȭӡں׵â֮ȥδ֣еȭӡȫ֮ϣпը
û뵽Լĵлᱻ°ǿкƣ⧲֮£֮ȭӡУôȭӡֱֱĺ죬Ѫ²ֹ
°ۼڴˣ˫Ŀһȭһϣ˲УαֱĳգڵLһʼת˾ȻΪһһӰת˲Գԡ
һӣһһ׵ĳ°ͬʱһȭֱͷ­߰ɫĳ°Ǽ֮ȭұߺɫĳ°ļ֮ȭһһȭҪǴʵˣǷɵġ
ذȭʮʽ±ºϓģ
ʯһ˲䣬˫Ŀһɣ͵ķһ춯صŭϵ˲ʮ࣬ϳɫ׵ͼƣ׵ʼת׵â͸ʮ֮Զ·ȵҶʼתɨΧһϰǺڰ׳°
񹦶幦췣ʥӡ
׵ڶġת
ʱѾǻ˹ҲǱ°ƵĿˣеɱǷҪ°Ƥǲɵģаļˣûб˱ƳǱģǰĲС
°׵âɨ£Ƴԭһһ׵ķֱӱնޣԼ±ǱԷǿƳˣ֮£һѪһ׹סΡ
ڳ°סεһ˲䣬һɿ񱩵׵âֱ°ͷһ֮ɫѾֳžŻ׵̩ɽѹ֮ƿһǰƥ֮ǿ춯أ˵˵Ҫǿ֮ǰеУϾ񹦶幦µһ
׵ġ׵
⵱ͷһѸޱȣ°̧ͷһüͷ̧һȭ˳ƺһȭб֮ǰǼȭİԵף͸һǿĺ֮¶ֻһ˲併˱һ£ֲĺҪ˴׶ᣬһ㱡ıǡ
ذȭʮʽã䣡
ȭӡݺݵĺ׵֮ϣ˫һȫռϷ磬ǿϵıǸķ飬һѹͽ°ѹ˵棬һǺĻ£Ǽ˲٣ֻĳ°ֱ۷飬ء
ͷ°׺ɱ֮ʢ˲˫Ѫ˫ĿݺݵĶų°ţ漴׵ңָգȵСһҪ֮أڱһ֮£Ҳ㹻Ժˡ
°üһȵһҷǾҪһйǿˣ
ߣǿ㹻ҷ𣡡
һߣ֮϶ʱ״һˮͰ׵â£Щ׵âʼ׵ĵ֮ϣգ֮һɫ򣬶Ұ׵Ĳ£ʼͣͱ
һĻ°֪֮ǰĻԲʲôſڿӣͣĻϢѾһǿҵļ¸У֪һУԼҪȫӦԣпܱĻҷ
뵽°Ҳʲôֻ˫Ŀһգ֮µƤʼóѪ˫Ŀ֮б产˵ľ⣬ף˫Ŀ磬˵ƶʱüɲ·ħһ㣬ޱȡ
L񹦶幦Ѫ
ڳ°Ѫֻ֮˫ƽչ˫͵һһɼֲԲʮڵȫ֮飬˫֮ѹһ۳֣֮ĳһǳͼΡ
°ʱǾŻ׵ϵѾ͵һɶĳ̶ȣֲ׵â·ŭһأƺ˵ԸӣĻʵ˲
СǴһ
һȣ׵ѹǿ򣬿£һɵֱѹ°ͷȥ°Ҳʱһѹеȭ׼޴ȭӡֱݺݵײ֮ϡ
׵ھœġħǴ
ذȭʮʽޜ磡
һײʱһ춯صľ죬ֱֲɨƽ˷ԲǧڵһУаǶھҲţʱֻ°һ˫Ŀ͵ıһƣ
䣬ȭӡ͵һѹ֮ڣ䳹׺䱬ɢ֮ϣ绡·Ӵܵߣһӱʧ˾ųɾţǴȭӡǰ䴩ˡ
ʱͷһѪ飬һľ֮ɫʧ˵ܣܣҵǴһģǺģôܱƣⲻܣ
ʧǣȭӡѾߣʶᵶȥֻǴʱ˿̵ȥ߳࣬һľʵǲĺܣ޴һ¾ǾŻ׵ȥǵȭӡ
ֻһ˱ȭӡ˸ţ͸ĿɿڴϵľŻ׵ķ飬ֻʣеһڶϵ⽭ʮ֮һľŻ׵ˡ
ҪĻҷҲ·ͷĸһȥҲɱ㣬ԺΪ֮ɣ°Ƴһ۱Լȭӡ˵漴һתʧԭء
ʥˣܵĺܳףʵ°֮Ĳûж󣬶˵ʵֻڲ֮䣬䲻ڹ뾳磬̬ϡ
°ƴҴ磬ʼնһƴһս̬ȻտʼʱĵǴս˵°ʼռ£һǰ
أȥˣЩСֶΣһʼȫԸĻʤ治˵ΪЩֶβż˳°̬ȻӮƣʵǴ


ʮ ȽϿ죡@񡤻Ԫһ
ʱصոһ̣һаУ֮ǰǿñҶƼ΢΢һ֪Ǹǳ°ڵаǣɵΪ
ֻӰʥһ˲ҶĵߣצһҶĵһ֮£ҶĶʱãϴһʹֻҪӰʥһҶֱҪˡ
ҽֻҷģСһҾҪһ۰򣬸һѵɣӰʥֿҶĵ˵
Ҫһ۰ڽЦôûзİ
ҶȻһЦֻӰʥ͵һץסӰʥ漴Ҷļ⡢ĹʹͬʱһץӰʥ͵ǰ˹ҽݺ߳һӰʥ߷˳ȥ
һ׶ˮһǳɣҪļʹȻıλã⵹еҫճʱһ֮й
ҶǶйɣⲿ֮Ծ壬ɣǽڡĤʹⶼĽҸıλãܽԼηʵһ̾Ϊֹ֮
ҶҲ֮٣Ϊ˺ѣɵ֮٣ȴϱ֮ǣҶлҵĺܣڵԼ̰ȥѧɣգֱۼʹϣҲҪС
ĶйĻ治ٰӰʥס֮Цһߣϵʹ˲ƽҶıͲȷȾȻأӰʥΪ˵ľǲֵһӡ
಻ѹҶƤЦĻصǸںӣǲ֪Ϊ
ӰʥȻһЦһ˻Ϊһɫ磬˲۽Ҷģ˫צݺύϮҶĶȥ
Ҷһһ˫ӥצ缲ƿѸצ͸⣬ƥһʱӰʥצƶ˸൱ָ¡
ֺ֮ʣʯת˲䣬Ƭ֮صܳǵӰĲ˼飬˫צ֣ʮغˣսֿǰļҡ
ͻȻӰʥ׼Ҷĵһϸ΢һצ̽ҶʶľҪצסţɾҶĳֵһ˲䣬ӰʥȻУצһϮҶߡ
һצּֿǼǰһʵܱ˺мԭ֮ǰ̽ԵһצֻյУⷴһצҶûжݺݵĿҶĵ߹֮ϡ
֡㱣˧
ߴľʹҶ΢΢üһϵĹͻȻһʱͳԣ߹Ƿһϸŵžһ࣬ȻǻӰʥһצĽۣǻΪġ
йצеĿǣӰʥӦе㼬֣ӰʥϾаľŴʥ֮һӵʥƺŵĸ֣˵
ҶʩչйԼһצ֮ʣҶĻûعӰʥһѸײڶ֮ƣƵҶĵʱһצݺݿҶĵļ
֡ģ
һҶĿûöйıԼĹλˣΪǶӰʥˣа£ҶֻеԼļ׻۵ûг
ļһĵطƾΪһ⵽ԵĹǾǱɣܽӵһҲҪ⵽شֱӲз϶пܡ
ʱҶ⼫˵ʹֻ࣬Ҳ޷룬ֻƾԼǿĹӲҶĵһȣ澭ռһĿֲȫ汬һӣֲɨķӰʥ˳ȥ
Ҷתֻ֮Ѫɫɷף⸱ģҲᣬҶĲȥǵѪգɫˣ絶ֱĶӰʥš
ӰʥǿˣֻǱצĻԼԲѷɫҪǱԼȷѷһԼ϶ԷٶȣҲֻܱˡ
Ҷķ֮ʣԺͻȻѦһ仰һ㻹ĶʱһҪٶսʤԷҲԸЩʱȽϿ죡
ȽϿ죿ҶĵţѦҲͬҪ죬̾һȻ泯Ӱʥ˫ۡ
·ӰʥסˣϸĴҶһֲûʲôر֮ΪҶǷֿˣǣһֱӳҶĵǰһצ籼ֱȡҶĵʺһצҪǻʵˣҶľǱɡ
ɾʯһ˲䣬ҶĶˣĶӰʥкƫƫǺӥצͬӰʥʺ˹ȥ˫ּͬʱ˱˴˵Ƥ
һ˲䣬Ӱʥʱųһ亹һգ֮ԶҶʮ׿⣬Ҷʱ˴ţոռʹԼ˺ҶĵʺҶҲͬһʱｫʺͻоԼĲ²⣬д
ҪԼԼ˵ֻöѣ
ӰʥаԼľһ֮˻Ϊһ磬ת˲Ҷĵ˫צ磬ֱҶĵùǺݺݵץȥצֽ֮ʯǵ֮£һҪҶһΪļơ
ֲ֡أ
ɾǧһ֮ʣҶǹŹֵٴγֻ֣Ƶתұӥצɨצ絶ޱȣܹӰʥ˫צצǺݺݵɨӰʥĲӰʥˣȻ촦
ӥŊZնף
Ӱʥǲòˣת˼£һӰѾ˿׵ķΧ֮ӰʥеԼģ̧һ£оģϸһʱеëը
ϳһ̲ѪԼѪҲ˵Լ֮ǰҪ˰ģĻᱻҶһצնͷ­
ǰһпǰŵòᣬһ˫ֱֵҶģɱ˫΢ЦֹҲ֪ǴԼŹȣӰʥֻоҶĵЦݣһëȻĸо
㣬ôģѵ㶮δ֪ɣӰʥһĭͰ͵˵֮гɻо֡
֮ǰУҶĿνռȻܺԼһ·Լ뷨͸ˣԼٿҲ޼ƿʩȻ٣Լֻܴơ
Ҷ˫ۣͷ㶵Ļصʲôƨδֻ֪øоȥ㣬ȻԼȥӦӦþνȽϿɣ
ȽϿ죿ֱ¿죬ϷˣҲɣӰʥһ㶣漴һŭݣеҶԼеŭƻɽһʰҪҶıԼצ¡
һӣӰʥһ߸ԾҶĵͷ֮ϣ漴˫۽һϣӿһ׵Ĺʮɣ˵ϯķ˫צ͵һ壬̩ɽѹ֮ƣѵ֮ͺҶĵ顣
ռɱСף
ؿҶģֻһڣϳһֵ΢ЦռһĹ֮ϣ֮£ֻһֻӥɳֱϣֱӰʥɱС
ʱҶצһצȥƱֱͨͨƫƫһɷǳرצ֮ϣǾ澭ﵽռһʱĶҶĳ֮ΪԪ
Ԫļӳһצֱ˺ӰʥǿֲаӰʥ˫֣Ҵһ
˫ͬʱ֮ӰʥһתͷƳҶģʵʲô
Ҷ΢΢һЦڻص@񡤻Ԫһ
Ӱʥתͷ̾һ̧ͷգ˵֣֮ϣԹ
һ䣬ӰʥĲѿһ϶ѪȪһ⣬漴һصĹڵأʱϢȫޣҶо@񡤻Ԫһ֮ˡ
Ӱʥ֮ʱԶǿҲһֲȭӡ˸ԴҶĿһǹڵأѪͣӰʥȭ֣ʩһ漴ת˲ƶȥ


ʮ ֲİǵаȭ죡
ʶʦ΢΢üʵ
ʶֹʶʱֱǿ̹ģǷҵծӵĻɣϷ
ֻڤʥһɭȻаЦͻȻһȣֶ׼͵һ˵ǣͻȻ⧲֮µľͱ˹ȥ
Ȼ³ͻȻķӦȻ֣ķӦô⣬ֻ˫һ£һ˫ֿ籼***ָƿնǿҵĺХڤʥնƼ
ȭ܇
ڤʥȻһЦǰһ壬˫һ˫צݺύ񹥳צż产˵˺Ѿ磬Լޱȵа֮Ĺչҵıƴ
ǵľצ
˹糱ӰͣצӰַĽ֯һһʱ֮ݱѷָ£ͻȻ΢΢һ㶣ʶ̧ͷ죬һ̫
֮ǰһ˲䣬Ժг˰ҫĻ⻰ĻǲʱˣΪˣǿֵ߽һ˿һĲã򣬱Ȼ⵽ԷĴ
ĵһ˲䣬ڤʥ˫Ŀһ˵ĺ⣬֮ʣת˲ѳǰ漴ֱָֽ֮̽缲ƿգָƥһǿҵĴ͸Ƶֱļͷȥ
ǵľָ
Ҫ˵ָָǴһּ产˵Ĵ͸ǱеˣԻᱻڤʥڹǳúֲָ˵ľ֮еУҲͬ񾪹ļǿƻ
ʵڤʥԴİǵľΪǱŰѪצȡָľ䱾ԾΪ˴ݲе˵塣
Ǳǵľɱˣȫʬգһ̽ܵڤʥ˵ĥһϣľܹʹʹɡ
ʱڤʥָƼѸͣӦʱҪǲܣ˫Ŀһµı֮һɺڰаʱһӣ͵ɢһĺɫӫ⣬ڤʥ֡
ڱаȭһ졤ʱͣ٣
ɫӫ֮ڣڤʥͻȻ˶٣عʱǰѾˣʧȥӰ֮ڤʥҲţֻڵʯ֮䣬˳תָƿ籩һҪƷ
΢΢һ㶣кȻڤʥƺ˽ⰵڱƵģӦȻ֮죬ûϵۼָϮ˫ƸԲתڱ£һ̫ͼ˲֣оյķסڤʥĹơ
аȭؼ̫ܣ
б̫ҫŲƵ֮ͬֻŲж̫𣬵еԭñײǿзҲǵ˵ĹԽأԽ󣬷֮ǿԸŲ
̫ܵķôǿҲֲסڤʥʱڤʥЦͣԽķĹƼǿű̫ܵķҲűǿ
ɼʹˣڤʥûеĴ㣬ӲָǶѵľʹͻķһָҼ磬ָһϵһ⡣
ܵ˼ϴľʹŭգаȭĹȫ汬ڤʥ˳ȥߣϵֹѪƽ
ӣŲԶڤʥŭĿӣҧгݵ
ڤʥȴЦǿµѪ⣬Ȼһ£ɢа֮һëȻĸо
ǲ룬Ϊʲô֪ǰڱаȭԣʱķӦʵܼ򵥣ڱǰؿҸǼһһİڤʥ˫Ŀ΢΢к磬Ц
һ΢΢üԼʦǲǰľΪƾ㻹벻ķۣڱʦһͬ죿ֱ췽ҹ̷
ǺǣǾ޵УǿɲôǿģʱǨСҲ˼ҳǰˣǿЦһμʱǿʮжӲ°
ŶҲ˵ôͣǰʦ뽣ǰȴ޵ڵҲֻ뱲϶ѣһǴʼ磬Ц
ķ̣ڤʥʱȻŭɫķ·ҪγѪ֪ߵغС˵һǴʦͽﱲģȻ˵ɣ
ҽ֣ⲻܳΪǿɣָߣʵû˰Цͣų
С̫ˣ뿴ʦķϷһСȻңҪܣ
ڤʥ˵漴һ𣬰ǵаɽȫ汬һȪɭȻ֮Уίʵޱȡ
ǾŌӡٻһműMһ߀oǘOǵռؾٻҟo
һ͵һ𣬱аȭǿֲı֮񱬷ȼ֮Գɱ˪֮ˣ춯ء
аȭ幦аȭ죡
˹ȫ汬羪κ˰ⷽԲǧڵһɨһƬǽ壬ڤʥ̧һָЦһ֮£ȡȹ
ҿɾͲˣ˫Ŀ΢΢Ц
䣬һֱĳڤʥոն֮ʱǺ˵ı֮У͸һޱȵһӣ͵ķֳðźİӰ˷Ѹײڶ֮Χڤʥ
ڱаȭ졤o˫ѡ
˵ӰʩһУڤʥʱȻһЦ˫ֻתһȻӿ·֮еĺڶһ㣬ֲǰ˵Ӱ׷ǰ͵һ𣬰˵ӰʱɢΡ
ǵٻҟo֮ogУ
ڤʥ֮ƽğo˫Ѱֻ֮һɭһЦһת˲֮ѵǰξȻһΪģĸڤʥͬʱʩչצȡָxⰢǵľĸʵʵĺ֮ϡ
ǵռСxŜ磡
ڻ˰ǵľռɱУһ֮°žֲͬı仯ÿֱ仯ȴ̺ž·ɱУǰǵľѱںΨһұһ¯仯֮࣬ɱֻ֮ͣ÷˼ݡ
ʱxŜе͵ĿȳһѪƼأxŜֽȻͬаҴܣڤʥһе֮ԵеˣȻûеһʱ룬Цͣ
ȻŹᣬڱаȭĵһ죬ʱͣٴʩչȻֻ0.1ʱ䣬Ҳ㹻Ʒˡ
ʱͣٵһ˲䣬׼ڤʥͺһȭʱͣЧպʧһӣڤʥʱ˺ѷεĲҽʱһּ˵ʹϵÿһ缡·ڱӲ˺һ㣬۵вֹ
ʵ֮ǰһȭȻȥͨʵȴһƵ𵴣ںڤʥʱеëչʹͬǿߵ㣬ʹзŴ˰ٱֹֻͨͨһȭȴ˺ѷΰʹ
֮ǰĻڱаȭǰʦ죬졤ʹܸøûϵ˰ɣȻ졤Ӱ˵
ʱҲڵˣǿзУٴκ׿ȭصĺڤʥţһӣڤʥԼԼǰֲͬɫԼһ֪˷ǳֲʵ
ǰĸͬɫԼԼĸͬʵ꣬һȭȻ걾ʸ⣬ⰵڱаȭĵ죬ȻѾѧķˣӦýܲŶԣǷǳֲܡ
ڤʥ座Ȼ֮ʣһǿͽԼı壬һɽĻޱȣֻ֣Ѹײڶ֮նĲȻϵͷ­ȪѪ߸߷


ʮ ָ׵ܣ
ʱָڵаУ԰ʳָϵָ֮˱ĹԼƶ·һƵģǿޱȣǿһɢһּǿѹȸС
öָ׸Ĺôöָз˫ۣĶ԰ĴָָϵĽָף
԰ƺָеĿעֻ̧˻ʣöָףЦǲ룬ΪʲôҰָ֮ôǿǿеĲô
ָһ㶣漴˵ͷҡҡͷЦûҵȷָܺ׵ã㵹ǻûǿĲĵزڵʵҲպϣĻ̫ûɾ͸ˣҴҲ񫰡
ָеĻû԰ķըô˱ţɫʱޱȣָָзɶСձƤǣңΪˡ
һ䣬԰͵һһֱӳָǰϵĚ㣬ӳɫתɫûаεָǿʮָֹֻֽ͸ɫĽâ˳ƺɨָеĲֿ磬âƥ
ľ桤
ľؼɶƣ
ۼ԰籼װһָеıʱƺޱȵԾһжһߣ漴ǵĺֱ԰Ŷȥ
ָеķӦν죬˳ƷһǳɣڰֵˮʵҲǿޱȣһƵľ쳣ǿָѸޱȣ԰ƵĲòˣ鹥ơ
԰ָһƱָ֮бֵĺֱϣ԰չǿָһԾƣƼǿʢ׷԰֮˫ȻȻ򵥣ȴͬСɣ׶ѹϢ
ָйѸͣ԰ȻҲʲôѰɫǧһ֮ʣ԰ڵתǳɫĚøͣ˫˳ƺָжԺһǣ֮ʱ˶ľ˳ȥ
԰ֱķɳʮףһ٣Լĺ֮סһ֮ɫ˻ΪһӰػصָе˫һԳɫâ͸ɨһƬĽӰΧָе䲻ͣ·
ľؼף
ʱָвŲңһԾƷһӿԾޱȣ·һѸ֮࣬ޱߵᾢܵΧϮĽâһͿɾ
ңƪ ⣡
ᾢޱߵԾ԰ݺݵҧҧˣ˫˫۷趯ɲǼ䣬֮âкƿնյƵָŰΧǾޱȡ
ľؼգ
ؿָУʱԵüΪ˫ƺǰһ˫˳ƽչwǾתܳܵļ֮һΪˣ˵ԣֱӳ忪˰ķգ֮ѵ԰ǰչ͵ĺ
wǾת˰ʮת
ңƪ ңo
ָеľУ԰νȫʧأν˫ȭѵָ֣οʮֻ֣԰ԭΪ˵ֻΪĿݶĲӰһɢ
˭֪˵Ȼ糱ֹ·а˸ָڶ񹥲ͣһʱ԰оԼмܲͣУǸ֧׾ƣڱģҪǱжǱ
ңƪռɱУңoܷôȻܣ˵ܹ֮ôãΪָӴͬʱ֮Ծǿ־ԣȻޣеĿã԰мܣ˲ֹ
ģΪѹסң룡԰ŭһǱָеǾиƳ˻һ̧֮־ͰԼָϵĽָס
ָ׵һ˲䣬ԭѾʼɢɫͻȻǿɫתɺɫ֮֮ͣǿ֮ǰ暢ٴʮ࣬˵ľȻָеİ˵ͬʱɢָб嶼Ѫˡ
ľO
԰öָףĿֲƣָиоһļڣ԰ǻ޼ָ׽ʱ˵Ƿ
԰츳㣬ΪϴûͻƵĿˣԣϵĲ㣬ùȥƽɣҽöָףڿʼָϣԷ˯κ¶Ҫţڷսʱȡ¡
öָ׻ָͨϵһ磬̼澭ʱ޿̲ٶȽѰһϣһ൱ڳһ£
޲ߵĶʱָ׵һ˲䣬Ĺһʱɼαʱ򣬿¼ʹ֮ͨδûһս֮
סָҪһöһöİ£ͬʱ£Ļᱻǹ˲ǿٱĹűϾʻܲǹɿֲľöָȫ֮ҪʮϢ֮ٴȥȻĻ㽫ɣ
԰öָصˣǳ޼ģܹڹؼʱ̴ȵǿսӶΪʤ԰˦˦ԴֻһԼɵָʱжʱ
԰ͷԼĴָϵöָףһһҧʮϢʱ㹻ˣҾͲˣľʰ㣡
һ䣬԰ԥĽһöĴָϵĽָ׸ָһ˲䣬ֲİɫ·ҪһϯԲǧ׵ľ룬Ǻ֩볤ŵĚҪʵˣ֮ԷǱīݡ
ľա
ʱ԰ָеĸоѾļôˣһֱĸо԰͵ĿԼ˫֣漴ݺһȭͷЦǿĺǿȻôǿ޵Уû޵У֮£޵аĴڣ
ߣ޵֮άֶðһʱǰʱҿ㶼ûаɣ޵Уҹв֪νָĨȥǵѪЦͣ
ͷҶԱãʹһȫʬ԰ƳһָУ漴赭дĳָлӶһ£ֲľɽһХݺݵѹָС
ָһ˫Ŀ˫Ʒ趯Ծӿصᾢʮ㣬ǾɨָеԾʱж˰˳࣬ʣȴɽָиɳ׿⣬ֻǼ򵥵һɨ֮Ȼܱ˿ֲʱ԰ǿĿɲ
ڵֻϰĴڣֻһָ㣬֮ǰ㲻Ǻǿô㲻ǺôŸҿ԰һЦǿĹеЪ˹Ѿͻǿͷԡ
׳գûôմմϲԶˣָס֮ǿѹסԼƣޱȵ԰м˵
ǰ԰Цһһ˲ָеǰ̧һƺָʮɹ˫һһֱӽָди˵棬ҽѹһӣ֮ߣ쳣ĺˡ
ڽʱָ԰ǰȫûз֮սȫһ浹ָб԰·èϷһ㲻ͣĺȥڵصԸӡ
ָзǵûоʧ룬ʱһһĹȥӵĿ԰ǵûȴԽı䱾Ȼһ죬ָб԰һƺɵ棬ŲһĿĵĺ蹵
ʱָڵѾǷǳˣദۣ˴ﵽңұѾʧȥ֪²ˣȥɼʹˣָȴЦͣ
԰ͱָʱ޿̵΢Цŭˣת˼㣬ɾﵽ֮ʣ͵һƤϳһѺۣѺ۵ķ϶һ˿˿͸֣Ȼ԰ֵĴѣΪ˻ҽ
԰ɢָҲһµ˵ŶʮϢĹҲ湻̵ģ


ʮ Ѫʷ
٣ǧǰһаѪѪר˵٣Ͳò˵µһаɵѪˡ
˵ѪţǧǰϹ䣬ǿȺа֮ףħ֮Ĵڣ֮Ӵڵай֮޲ѪľΪǻ컯֮ҲֻһŰˣٵĪܣ䱾ʵ֮ǿ뻯ֱ֮֮ǿҲ֮
ٵҲ˵硣İ汾˵Ѫ֮еõһʯʱʮʱ䣬ķ֮ĵرʯ󣬴
Ѫ̴ܵУ֮µԩ֮壬Ѫڴĸ£ΪѪſڵʱƷĪҲ֮ⷽУӶѪһҶΪ֡
еǧպãްպ죬ǿһʱѪڶ־֮ߵ˾ͷϾʱѪȻΪĹУ˵ƽʮ۷ټҳһɵĴˣѪչΧˡ
ʱѪҲǼΪһ֮һɵĴˣȫǲмһˣΪں֮ڣûνĴ˷ǲ֪ǣȺں֮Ʒɵ˵Ĵڡ
ʵʱƷɴһصĿռ䣬ص֮󣬵֪ѹ꣬ѪһҶ󣬸ɳŭԹ֮£ǲȻŭĪơġĽѦ˾ͽ˼뵽֮УΪ˵
Ʒɵ˵ļ룬˵ƿǰǣƷСñİҫˣڽеԼƶ졣
Ȼûҫ齨һͳһǸԵҲ۷ˮ׼˵һ𼸺ϴˣοǻƷĪ۷ǿߡ
ڵʱľΪѾﵽ뻯۷ļΪѾǰֻ̤֮ʵҪûٵѪ滹ҪʤֵĻֳٵѪҲδǵĶ֡
ȻƷǸʱĪ֮䣬Ѿ˲Сļ϶Ƕô˵ҲǾһɳǿֵܣ˴֮ûô׸ģҲǲսַѪš
ȻҲͲö˵ˣ񣬽ѪŴĽڽڰˣЩѪŵаͬ⵽˻ԵĴѪɢ˳߽⡣
Ѫ棬ǴѪŽļ֣뻯֣ԼƷɵڱȶ֮ϡ
ѪһжֳƷɡԼĪƶ˴սҹ󱻶˺¶£ʩչƣ÷ӡҲǸʱѪ⵽شҲܵһ̶ȵ
֮󣬾Ѫ汻ȵ׳ǧ֮ãȻ˹٣Լ֮һϵе飬ƶͷбѪ˹ȫԼӣȴԼŵУ޲õ٣ֻرӦˬ
Ĺ٣ʵ֮ǿ𵱳Ѫǲضã޲õȻǾдܴڣЩǿʽֻǵУܾǣʱǿչģģʽǿԶһ˵Ԫйġ
ûܹԪҪ֪Ԫʣţͨ׵˵ĲԪʵ壬κʵ֮ﶼû˵νѧʽʲôһ࣬ûԪ
ǣȴǴһٵġֱܹӹԪǿҲˣ˵Դļܣħʥ󷨵Ŀǡ
ֻһ ԣֳ٣ָһٵı棬˵ 
ٵı棬һݵͼ·⣬ûҵĴڣǵٵıʱȴɡ
һǶʮӵгΪ꣬һʼޡЦ򰧡ϲ㴷أش֮ڳ˶ֳָļΨħʥһԴͷ麹ݺݵĶš
ֻfɱһǰеһѧʵٱͼѧķھҪͨŻڱԺС
ԭٴ״̬Ҳֻfɱֵ֮عֻ֮
ȻѧҪɹǱҪȥſԣҲٵˣĻԽ⵽ٵķĨɱ
fɱڽնԷĹڷȥֻ֮֮ϹĳָƵ˵ľԪɱ֮С
ֻеԣշһ˵ħþʧħþ֮УΪûгģΪ򣬶ԷħþУ޷԰ΣΪһմˡ
ʱħʥԪȻû壬ǾԪû壬ȴеͷʹޱȣԺʱʱֵħþеͷ­·Ҫըһ㣬ƴþȥѹƣҲһֱڰþʵĵزԴҳһࡣ
УԴУֻеԣѪֻƷĪ̬ٵȥҪֹУ
ħʥؽҧ뷨ող漴ٴʩչϸٴοסǶʮ꣬Ȼħʥ˫Ŀ͵һ⣬˿ͻȻһǶʮ궼ˣһ·˻Ƶģ˫ĿֱͣĿǰ
üһȻǵһʹֻԡôħʥƽ˵ĻôҲͲ֮ǰһĻˣɴʱǰ棬ȻЩѾٱԡʴ
㣬þϴǵļ䣡֮ɫ˵
ûڼ䣬Ͳֺħɱ
ħʥɱ£ǶʮȺΧվԭ˿ٴλ٣һƹĵ
һ˲䣬Ƕʮʱԭأ漴¿ʼҵĲ۶ڱǿʼϵѪʮһ⣬߿ѪĻ棬ޱȡ
ħʥҲкȻԼľ˿ȫϿˣΪֻܿƻˣûƣ֪ͨʮĴѾȫˣһѽ
ֻ꣡
㣬㣬㡣ʱħʥѾˣ֨֨ص˰죬˵һϾǰĻǳԤϡ
ֻ꣬˼壬ԸɽţķʽóƵƤ⽫˵ڲȫ飬Ⱥ巶ΧôħʥǿǵãֻҪһ죬˶޻ء
Ȼ䶼ûˣôϻк壬ħģЩããԸԷһҵǿԷһȻҲѡ翹ʲôӦú
һħʥȥޱȣǱˣ֮еѹȸУħʥеһױȵļ¡
ħʥʼˣԷһǸɱʲôǣŭ򵨱ŭĿӣ漴һʮɹ˺һ磬˲ǰ˫˳ƺƾͣɫһ쫷Ϯӭֱš
ħľO
ҸˣȻִҲԹңۼħʥƴֿ͵һ˫Ŀǰһƣպõסħʥ˫ƣ漴һٵһ棬һ֮֡
ħʥ˫Ŀ͵С㣬۶ڱбһҫ۵⣬һӣ˱ûʧ֮ħʥҲѾ֪ˡ
±ã̾һҡҡͷתʧ١


ʮ ȥʮף
ʱҫڵɽ֮УڰҫͨѶ֮͵͵ͨͨӽͬй۲죬һʲô⣬ԼҲڵһʱԮǿƥҪһ㵹Ҳʲô¡
ҲûðҫʧʵǰѾǳǿˣֻڰҫĶԱ£Եƺûеǿʵǲǿǰҫ̫ǿˣҫ۵Ĺâ˶ڸסˣ뿪ҫ֮ǸԻǶһľǿߡ
Ҫ֪ǰڿɶ뻯۷ΪұѧֶǶˮ׼ģսⷽسǻٵ⣬ûǵĶ֣аŴʥȿܰǱƽսеǿˡ
ӽͬĹ۲£ҫԼȺֵܵʵĺܣеһֵĲ죬ԭǶѾôǿˣԼû֪ͨǣѾȡʤĹӲĶˣﵽԲľ硣
ͬʱһҫе쳣ľϲǾаŴʥ֮һǧʥΪͽͬӽԿǧʥƺͬһԸˣһֱ˪汾ҫеĺܡ
ȻǧʥаˣλȨصľʥ֮һ԰ǷִȰԼԥаƺ˲ûаЩʥǰа죬ҫǿԽļ롣
Ͼҫʲôظ֮ˣΧаҲǶ²ˣаǧʥˣһоųɾŵ˻ڼаģοаŴҪأԼĽҲаУ㣬ҫ;Źа
ҫҲûɱаˣħ˺üΪԼ˵ϣаͬҲҫУټϾŴʥԼ˵ʧأ˫Ѿǲݵľ棬Ȼܻл͵ء
аŴʥȥߣǧʥ齵⣬ֻʣǾŴʥ֮׵ʥ̷֮ǰԼ̷սһûƬɽȸΪƽأԼһֱռϷ磬ѹ̷
ʦ֣װˣ֮ǰһǴΪܿͲҪ˷ʱ˺ôҫ˫ۻͷǸĿĵľ޿ӣ΢Ц
ҫ֮ʣϵľ޿͵ıһ죬̷ıӰǸߴɿıӰ·ԶħһڰҫǰڱӰŴ̷һעŰҫ
ΪʲôͷųıӰƲô̷ĿޱĿŰҫ˵
ʦ֣ҾñӰͲҪ˰ɣñӰսôԲڶᱻǵսνӦûаҪ˼ɵİɣҫЦʼ磬ڵ
̷΢΢üص㻰˼ƺûҪɱҵ˼Ҫ֪ɱұȻشаôõĻᣬΪʲôҪŹ
̷ô˵ҫһЦȻΪΪͬŵʵûıģҪΪʦŻҲҪõʦͬУԣҴʱΪȥʦ֮˼
뷨͸ӦֲŶԣ˵üʹñӰҲʤҲɣСʦδҲ̫дһɣҪ֪ڵҿɲʲôʥ֮ʱ뻯ΪҪԽսǲܵġ̷΢΢鴤Ц
ҫͷν˵:һֱԽսģʦ㲻᲻֪ɣǰԣͬҲԵġ
ҫû˵Ѿһ˫ֻۣһһѣҫ͵ıһޱȿֲĻֱʣҫֻһ˲֮ͰѾֶѰ߸붼룬̷Ҳһѿ֮ɫ
֪ڹķҪﵽ壬ת壬ǱҪһһȥģɰҫȴֱӴɣת˲϶壬ֻҪĹ⣬һֱڶ֮ϣ似ܡ
ҫ֮㣬⻹Ҫ鹦Ϲʮ֮һרھ񹦵Ϲ󷨡
̣񹦵ȷǾף²֮ĲɣСʦܣҪǿ㲻ñӰսǲʤҵģ͡
~~~~
̷󻰻û˵꣬ҫѾһ𣬴Ļֻҫ֫չޣ֮Ͼſŷ·С̫һĻ˲ۣԵޱȣҫ˫һſŻǰѹ
һĹ򣬾ſŻںΨһ۳һֱһɶ޴ţֲĻ𾢷·Ҫһ㣬ϯķ˷ȥͺһС򱶵̫ҫ˽ȥ𾢵ɫڱһ֮󣬴ӳ֮ɫתεɫ
񹦡ʮʥ֮棡
εɫĻתɹ֮ǹĻϢ̷еһ˿ڣļʶȻ֪ʲô漴˵ʼ۹ɲҫǰϹֻһһȥ
̷ڵˣʮʥ֮İҫĲɵվʲôˣҪзУͨķʮ·ѾԶ԰ҫʲôвôҲֻʮ·ռһԸҫһˡ
Ҫ֪ҫڵĹʮʥ𰡣ֻд˵вŴڹ磬Ҫ֪ʷ֮пʮʥĿֲġ
˵ʮȫ汬֮ʱԲڵһճޣʮȫ汬֮ʱѩɽɽճһƬɳ֮أʮȫ汬֮ʱһƬ½ճ˷
ʮʥ߾确סʷ֧ƬﶼûУҲû֪׵ΣΪû޳ʮ֮ˣҪôȴԷˡ
ʮףֻ֪ʵڵģȴû֪ܵΣǾҲǰϡξǡ
ȻֻЩʮʥȫ汬ʱ¼ֻʷϵһЩ֧ƬĴŶѣʮʥֻһ˵ѣҫʱεɫ𾢣Լǿֲޱȵʮˣһ̷Ƿǳ˵ġ
Ϊڵаڰɫ֮ʣһʮʥ޳ɵľ֣ϵĻ𾢲ҫʱĲͬҲ׼ģ׼ʮʥ֮Ȼ뻯ڵĸӵһ˵ǾŴʥʵ
ûһ˶սŴʥˣռϷ磬ѾŴʥ̷ͬԴǱͷܣ쳣ǱֳܲסʮʥĻ𾢣Աˡ
ڰҫҲʮĲΣҲΪܲסʮʥǹɷܼԦĻ𾢶ԱǰҫľΪԼΪȵǸһǿʮ̷ֶֹܼĲȥ롣
ʮʥ׼ҲȻᳬǸһʱ϶ԼӡƷǰж¼ƷɣһЩ鵼ͶажƷɳ˿ǷԼûҵʦ
һû޳ռһ棬ռһδûһƴ֮ôȵȣǣôܡ
̷˼֮ͣʱǰİҫٴγ˱仯ֻһʮʥ׼Ҳάֵʱһӣһڲʮʥľ磬ԼȻԱ
ǣһ澭ԴԴľзӿ˲澭ʮʥĶػںһ漴ǿֲ񱩵׻𾢣ʱðɫǴɫһӾתɫ
׻𾢱׻Ե쳣ºͣ׻ת䵽֮ȫԼ֮ϣҫ˽ֻǱװסѣ˿ȥȻɣ׻𾢡
ҫзǳ׻𾢱ǿʮֹھĹעں£ԼѾҪԱвˣɾ澭⼫֮ȥںƽʮʥĿ񱩻𾢣ǡ֣֮ϡ
񹦡ʮʥ֮ף
ʱ̷ѾĬĬתˣ֪԰ҫףռһҲǰʤ㶼ûеģǽջ֮һĿЦڵСʦܣ㻹Ǹʦ˼ҳˣҷӡɣҸȥ


ʮһ аʹЦ磡벻ʵģ
ǧܻҪңаԱ٣ʥһһܣаеԲڣΪ˰Ϣ˰
ʱаʹһڣһаӶ˻㱨֮ϵս֮ɫҪѿжѿˡ
ҲǱŵôҴôڵϰֶҶҲҶ˵ʲôԼʲôʧŭ˾Լ
һǰӣ֮󣬳̾һȻѳɶԼͷҲı䲻ʲôǰ˰ֿڵˣ°ɣȥӵԭشûҵ
һ䣬ɴ˿ȥ֮󣬾һаʹ󣬳˵󣬰µľƣʲôô
΢΢üڵڵľҾӦðȫħħ콵֮ȻΪǣ
˵ͷ漴ֿʹڵЦ磬ô
аʹЦ磬Ϊ˾ͷüƣϷκ¶Цó͵ЦصΪɲ⣬ΪѴС֮ĹǾԪоһ侪ˡ
žѯԼЦ΢΢һЦڵֵͬĿڰҫ˵ʵԼյǼ٣ƾǼСȥҲѣڻã벻ôûмֵ
Ц绰֮󣬾з˫ۣҲ֪Щʲô֮͸ĳ˵ĺ⣬˵ʵڵа֮͸ľֻˣһǳ޼һǰЦˡ
Ȼ˹һݵλҲߣǺʲôǲ²͸Цıף֮ǰǲ׼ƣı԰ҫаУҪԼģʵ𲻵òе̷
ھ˼֮ʣȻŵӵĻ˵κӵ΢΢üüӷǽ
ûãκӵųġٳɡڡƮƮˣԼȫں֮е˽κӵ֮ɫȻʲô֮£Ҿ˵ġ
κӵ֮ǿȥȫͬնһּǿĸоʱʵŴȵӣŻӵǿֲֿƣҲֻһͬǿĲУȻǵͻͬС
κӵԼʹڵʱ֮ԵĶһֲȻֱߵǰ˵ϥ¹򣬳˵£ݼλʹ
κӵ⸱ʦڵģһ˰ֵЦˣɣӵ˴δǰΪ°
ʵ֪ʣκӵΪаĵһԮȷаǲݣҾڽճ֮ǰ˴ȥѾó׼Ҫȥҫµκӵ̵Ȼʦġ
ʦǶѾ׼ˣʦΪ֮֡κӵһʵֻҲѻ˵꣬һ룬Ҳ̫ǿӲһ̨¡
ǿһκӵ΢΢ҡͷЦΪʦҲǸոյõ鱨ڵľƷǳĲãʥһһܣаǾ벻ʵ嶼ҫǼһͣǺΣգΪʦôҲΪǵİΣҪ֪ǿаΪĶսˣɲ°
κӵüͷôһ˵Ҳʵڲ÷ҫĶУŰµĹ⾰Ѿ߷˾аǣʥȫٶ֮֮
κӵ˼֮ʣһԵƮƮȭһ񣬿ڵλʹСŮе֪
ƮƮһ䣬˵ȫһϣƮƮҲ˿ʲô֮иǴһ˿˿Ȼ֮⣬·ԼȻõ˵Ͽһ㣬û˵ѾһƮƮȻҪǰҫ⣬Ȼúõĳһ
ƮƮȻӵôҵͽϱҲԼˣʲô˵ɣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵ
ۼƫԼƮƮаϲκӵԼĿɽһ壬ûߴȻԼĴۣҲûջ
ٴʹ֮ɤӣڵ£ʵҵǾǻص԰ҫ˽ɧԹҪЧһ㣬Ȼҫ˾аǣʧȻСǵһǧ˰ٵľ棬ʱǾֻҪͣɧǣƣôҫ˱ȻƣڱһҲΪаȡٵʱ䣬һð
ƮƮ˷ܵ˵֮Ҳǵͷ˼һأ׷׵ͷƮƮעҲЩһа֣սɵģƮƮ鶼ǼΪͬκӵһĵ֮ɫȻǶƮƮĽĲС
ھҲû̴ӦƮƮ޵ƳһԵЦ磬˵˽⣬߱Ȼַ
ƮƮҶĽ飬ŲͬĿŶЦЦе˵
˷ԼƮƮɫʱ÷ǳÿӲĿڵ֪ʹ£кθ߼
ƮƮע˵κӵͺһʾƮƮע˵Ŀǰ˶аߵĸ߲㣬ݵλȻЩСȵģвҲʧˡ
ƮƮҲʲôɵӣ̾ϢһЦʩһ񣬿ڵСŮӸոʧˣʹ²Ҫ֣
ЦЦеİ˰֣ڵ޷зҲ⣬ϴμҫʱľΪʲô̶ˣǾʱʵֻﵽһʲôĳ̶ȡ
˻δڣƮƮѾ˵Ҫ˵԰ҫ˽⣬ȻһϴμʱƬɽȣǰʥչսʱ򣬾˵ͻƵ뻯츳ȷˣǴμѹȥһʱ䣬츳Ҳʹﵽ뻯ڵˮƽɣ츳ٸߣôͻͽҲϲǣ
һ䣬Ц޵Ŀ˾һۣҡͷЦҾӦúúȥйذҫǰ˵鱨һǼһֱڱأ˺ܶõ鱨أ
Ҫ֪ھԵʵǰЩСõģô£һǼֵʱոа´ٻңиˡ
˵꣬ЦҲ˵ķӦžʩһ񣬺Ҳǵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôЦߺʹҲ뿪ˡ
ǶߺƮƮƺܲɫе㲻̫ÿɰݵλƣҲ̫ǿҵķЦ磬ֻܲͣĸκӵʹɫ
κӵȴΪЦոǸе֣ǣ㿴𣬿ѯʵʦܷҰҫľΪԼΪ״ﵽʲôĳ̶ˣ
üֱĿκӵ̾һ˵ӵΪʦô»ǴӳĺãƮƮļƲ߲ǣʹЦ˵ǰ㣬԰ҫʵǲںЩСģֱӽ˻ɱǼҲĶ֣ϣף
˵֮κӵһ㶣вһּ䲻ʵ漴ž˱ȭҲû˵ʲô뿪˴֮Уȥ̾ϢһӵѰ·
뿪֮κӵתˣ˫Ŀ絶һ˵ȥ󷨣ݣ

ĵܰĸô̫ôаȺһôŪȥģ̫ϴôҲҪϵ̫ȥ鷳ôǿ̫
ҶʣҲǸеһͷۣʵҶĵ⣬Ҳʵģֻһʵе˼ˡ
ҫ̫Ѩɬ˵ˣˣҲûãǻȥԯǰɣֵа̳Ӧûа취İɣ
취еģֻҪǵİæԯܵĻҲǰ


ʮ Ϲô
ۼԯܵĳֱ֣Χѯйа̳֮£а̳̫֮ϣѾӹˡ̫֮ϣ˶󲻵ġ
Ҫ֪֮У̫֮ϣûס˵ģ˵ûΪǱɵģҲֻ֮ԭ۷ǿߣܻҲֻܻѣûչжġ
Ϊûпûеֻ֮ķѹһѪҺҺҺеҺ嶼ᱻ֮ǿгϾ
û˾ûжֻƯûпûֻ꣬ϢˣƬ·ûоͷһȫѷɫڿռļ֮ء
ԣõа̳̫ʱ˲ŻԵô벻˼飬ԯǱҫ˳һͷǰҫۼ˰ԯ˵Ļᡣ
ԯһڵ:ȺСҲǵģһ뻯۷֮ĶǿˣëëģҪݲȣҪѧᵭҪѧ侲Ҫ
ԯһϲĽѵ֮˷ԺλһҪߣλ¸صǰرȻǽѵǽʱͣסͷ
˶ˢˢƳһָУʱָȻҲĺܣûʧȥж˼һ𣬵Լʦ¶ֶԸʱڸضȥʵǶ˰
ˣл˵˵°ɣһ󳬳ƪ֮ԯܰ˰֣һ˵ҲޱȵĺвԼͬһֱ˵лɣ
ȣȻشǵһ⣬а̫֮֮ϴԭܼ򵥣ҵϹ֮һǳ󷨡ԯ˵֮͸һ˵Ŀȣ׷ľղе󷨣ϹȻĶ
ĻʱΧ˽һƬȻνϹƺһַǳ˲󷨣ȻǣϹʣôȻӵдܴڲŶԣҲֻǸеȶѣΨָһĴ㵣ҪΧ˷ḻˡ
磬ӣʲôϹôǲǲ֮󣬾ܻص֣ҶĿָбǸ𾪵ģĲУæʵ
ָԿЦһҡҡͷڵǺǷǳǳ󲢷ǹԵģǲܵģһַ󷨣򵥵˵һβƵڹǡֻҪתǼֱƵĴڣκûа취ȥ
סκ֮ռе綼ûֺҲ߿нԼ˵ǳһ£Գһˣѹа̳̫Ͻ̫֮ϣԭǳĹͰ
ָ˵֮ڳ˽ĿɿڴѾȵˣǳܻǿǳ
ɱ뻯֮綼ûֺ仹ʲôƿô˽˳˼֮УûƿĻôаֻҪҲ޼ƿʩ
ԯǰǰҲƲôһˣˢˢĿ漴Ŀԯܣ֮гΡ
ԯһ뺹գСţƲƵĿҲı䲻ʲôѲҪƿҲҪѹа
Ǿȵ°ͶûϣҫǼѵһĭԼǵ͹ԼʦԭǿѾֵزϹȻƿǿ޷˰
˵ԯ˵ʹƷƿǳΣڻڻ֮УһתѵļûУҪָǲˡ
뵽ǰ̾Ψҫ֣ڵˣˣ¶ôһɥΪһһԯǰʲô취ȥ̫Ҳ֮Ϯô
ԯ֪ҫ˼ֻٺһЦڵȥֱ̫ȻΪǳ㽻սǰɣҪĻԼĨ!һ㣬Ҳû취ڲ֮ܵӰȥ̫
ȻԯܵĻֱһ㣬ôǰҫȴֻ΢΢һЦڵǰ֮ǰ˵а취ȴҪǵİæʲô˼
ԯһ㶣漴ߵҫߣϸĴ˼ۣ֮ŰҫļЦСӻǲ˼ݰⶼ㷢ˣûҵȷڲ֮Ӱȥ̫Ҳû˵޼ƿʩȻȥ̫ǾͰص֮ⷽв
ôͬʵָͻȻʲôüڵʦǸô
ԯ͵ĿһָУ˵ͷ΢Цͽµû֮ⷽҲֻϹ֮һӵжת֮ܵġ͵컻󡯲ǰͷڹ꣬ˡ
ԯ˵Լİ취֮Ҳûٶ˵ʲôˣֻðҫ˺úϢȡ̵ʱָѵ״̬Լꡮ͵컻󡯵ͼ֮󣬾Ҫ˵͵컻ת£ȻͿ԰а̳̫ص֮ⷽˡ
ҫҲǵ˵ͷɢȥˣаʥһսҲĲƣָ˵أÿ˻ٶһƣҪָ۷״̬˵ҲҪµʱ䣬Ҳ޲¡
ɢ֮ʱ֮أɽѩ֮ϣһֱ׵Բʯ̨͵ķųһ۵İ׹⣬׹ʧ֮κӵųġٳɡڡƮƮԼںɫеγʯ̨֮ϡ
˳֮κӵһܣ漴˫Ŀһ߰ɣֱȥŹɽҰҫ
Խǵ˵ͷΨһԵеɣڵӵǾôóóȻֱӹȥ²̫ðɣ
ҪˣԲȥʰҫǼ͹ˣҲһκӵûüڣһԵƮƮѾЦ
ƮƮ񣡡κӵ˵
ƮƮƳһڣԴתһԣаκӵĻƽа֮ͬҲǰĲС
ֻ֪ڵݵλټԼʵͻͽûôҲƮƮһʶҲ䳰ȷֻǽĶκӵš
ʱκӵתͷڣ̾˿ڵ֪ڹʲôЩұҪȥȷһ£ҴģѾҵħˣٲҿδҲûʲôɾͿˣԣҪ֧Ըô
κӵǼᶨƵڳ̾һ˵ͷ֮˼˲ʧʯ̨֮ϣһӣ˾Ѿ˾Źɽǧ֮ϵУǾŹɽĺɽ̨
˸һ֣ھ̲һֺܲõĸоһѹȸУǳǿҵѹȸУ·Źɽ֮Уʲôвһֹһ
Ӵ𣡡
һУһͳǺһһ⻮գһֱɫСһֻɫ̣˲ǰŭĿӡ
ֻ·һ޳ǰ˵Ķֻ֪ʲôãֻ޳׽ǰֻҪǵеκһֻ˶ˡ
ûһ˸Ҷ⵽ֻ޵Ĺȫκӵһϣһһȵҫң
κӵĻ֮˵Ժж˰ҫĻôȻң֪ôдǲǣ
һ䣬ǰĿռɢҫһ̤ǰһҫ֣ƮƮʱͷŭȵҫҲֻٻˣб¾Ƕޣʲô£
ҫһ㶣漴Դ΢Цѽ
һӣҫ͵ıһɣ·Ҫһĺ˻𾢣ͬʱһߴɵıӰӰҫֶһĻκӵĿɿڴ


ʮ ҪسŵƮƮվ֣
ҫ׺ĻʱѾоһɺ˵ѹȸļ¸ˣҫͷųԼıӰʱѾŷˣÿ˶һš
ֲʲôɵӣӰʲôô֪֮ܲͨı°뻢ڡ
ʱĳǰƮƮκӵ˸һ٣һ֪ߵغӲҪҰҫһ֪νĳƣǰ޲ѣ֪ҫӵֲʵǶǣ˶һۣ˵תͽת˼£߼ɶȥ
ǰҪˣҰҫڽлôۼ˷룬ҫһЦ
֮ʣֻҫһֱӳ˳ǰ߱ŵòᣬʶĺһƣӡһ׺Ŀռ֮ݺݵĺ˰ҫ֮ϡ
͸ɢҫ˿һ˿ûմϣǰ֮󣬳ųЦС뻯ǰɣʱΪҿɹвģ
͵һæ˫֣һʧ˵ҫ׹дͷŹҡ
û˵꣬ҫ̧̤˳ȥ±ӰҲ̤ͬŵĶһ̤ܵ˹ֵɱӰľֿܵġ
һӴӰĽƣϵĿռ֮ȫѣҲ·һֻһȥҳһ׵ľ޿ӣҲ֪
һŲȵ֮󣬰ҫֳһץȻֱץٳɣ漴Ҳ˵Զ漴һȭӰͬһȭúٳɵ֮ϣֻһٳɵ˲仯ΪһѪһȭȻ֮佫ٳɸɢˣʵǿֲ
һĻŲƮƮֻκӵ䣬ʧɫĿڵӵǸϽܰɣɽڲûգǴﵽΪɣ
κӵͷûлشƮƮʱɫѾķ·ҪγѪ˫ȭݺݵ߬ţʲôʱ򰡣ʱҫȻǿԼȫȥӦлὫɱ
أԼԭѾҫôԶľ룬ĲʰɲΣʵǰôʣҲҪʵ
κӵԼǣƮƮɿ֣תͣŲѾʼȥƮƮҪƲκӵ˶ߵʱ򣬰ҫٴλصǰ
ʱİҫѾӰ˻ȥֿųĵʺƵĽУеĳѾ߿Ѫû
ŹȥĹѣġٳȺ˰ҫϣ̷ǳ򵥣һһŲһһȭ䱬һһ󣬾˲ҫǿ˵ĶԱ£·ħһǿĿֲǿ޷졣
ҫƵģĵʬ嶪һߣһɨɨһѪ漴ЦеĿƮƮڵƮƮˣֵˣʶһһ𳤴ķϣҲӲУҾֻһУһйܻĻҾͲɱ㣬ôҹ˼ɣ
ʱƮƮĻˣţĽģڰҫ˲ɱ֮һӾͱҫǿֲʵ˸飬ʱǻҳаŵɪɪ˵
ҫһƮƮǸʧǵģǳĺܣǱ㿪ЦôˣƮƮոյƵȥˣְ
㣬㣬ӦʦֵģΪңƮƮԴΡΡ˵е㲻̫ҿҫ۾ˣߵ쳣·Ӱֱѣڡ
ҫЦһ˵ôǵģǴӦκεĴҶԭ㣬ҷһ·ҲһֱسŵĻˡ
Ȼҵȷǳŵ壬ⲢܳΪΪΪɣҪǸһ£һֲ֮øεƨˣҰ˲칬ڽôΪ󻼣Ҳֻһˣ
ҫµһ̣һޱȺ˵ɱ֮Ҫ֪ҫһǳӳŵˣֻҪӦ˱˵£㲻ҪΪ˰쵽Լ첻£Բҳŵɴʱɱ⣬ƺеҪΥĵ˼
ԴǴɽһ֮ƮƮʧˣҫΪǰԼٹʽ£ֻ֪Լֶǿ¶ͷˡ
ʵҲãһֱ鷳ҫҲͷʹĺܣƮƮӴ˰ؼҲðҫҫԻȪ֮µҲнˡ
ϧǣҫƮƮе뻯ˣҪ֪Ů˿΢еƾ֣ͻ᲻һˣԸˣж԰ҫֳԹޣʵһȻǵһʱ鷳ˡ
ǳ׵ļŭ˰ҫҫһسŵ㲻٣ҲᱻŵǣűߣеƮƮɱԾ󻼣öԷպڰͱӣ°ʲôģԼûôʱϹġ
ʱƮƮг˿־⻹мǿҵҪָκӵȫܣʼնûаԼĴ㣬ûж˵һ䣬ҪԼԴУúòһ˵ôһһ
һƮƮݺݵҧҧȵҫ֮ǰ˵Ļ㲻
Ұҫ˵ĻóȥˮûвӦúҫĻص
ãǽаɣ
ƮƮŭĿԲһ˳гѩָԿգƬէ֣֮һԼһâͣĺ²ƮƮĽ֮ϡ
ƲϵƮƮʱȥȼֱˣȵĿռ֮пԿҲ뻯ˣһ뻯ڵľΪ
ƮƮ뽣ﵽһ˲䣬ƮƮ͵һȣгԼֱ£ʱĽâ·ξһ㳯ŰҫкȥƼ֮ˡ
Ľľʣ
ص羢ɱٱĲڣζ⣬֮ǧƮƮҲֻˮƽѣۼƮƮľϮҫ̾Ϣһҡҡͷ૵
ҫո£Ľâϯҫ䳹ûâ쫷ϯǽ׵֮ϣ澰Ҳ˰˲칬ֵΧۣһִˣǼκӵʱʶ˽·޴ӡ
κӵҲûǵľٶôĿǰâӿľеƮƮҫԼĽâɣʱͷϲг˰Ȼ֮ɫҫΪΣдӲǿһУҲǻá
Ļûãâɢȥ֮󣬰ҫĳУŵǴʧɫζûлع񣬶ҫ΢΢һЦƮƮڵҪʱô
ƮƮŵö˸飬ж԰ҫױȵĿ־壬ʱκӵĻȴͻȻԺУƮƮ£ýʾҸڻ㣬ɱһֲ
ƮƮ͵һҲκӵ򶨵ĿҫСóһöת𵤣֮˱þ֮ǰһյھת𵤵Ч֮˲ָԲ
һ׼֮ƮƮһгһֱҫȥг˳һ̣һɼȵĽӿһʵ޻񲻿ɵâ糤գһǰ޿֮ǿ֮ͣϱ֮ǰľй֮޲
ʾռһʽΨҳƻʣ
ε֮죬գ֮Ѿڰҫǰߵľ룬ۿŽҪҫϵʱ򣬲Զκӵ͵һۣһƮƮ󣬶ͬʱʮɹһƣƮƮıš
ȫµټȫԸеƮƮĽɾһɾֱֲԸӣΪýƮƮ˲ܲסɾͬ彣˲䱻ըѪɾҲصĺ˰ҫ֮ϡ
κӵ㻹湻ݰƮƮһ˲䣬뷨


ʮ ħǰҫټһ
ƮƮˣʣˣκӵڵУ˵׼ȷһ㣬Ӧ˵κӵУҲΧ˲칬ĸΪ֮һϣ˶κӵĺеľ
ʵҲκӵںıõģƮƮóȫͷȻڹؼʱ̣Լͬʱþȫ֣ԼڣƮƮȫںϳһɣ԰ҫչһ
뻯۷һ뻯ڵȫһ壬ǿֲΪýƮƮȻˡ
κӵҲںκӵҪ£شҫҪɱҫΪ֪Ϊ֮ͨİҫɱģֻش͹ˣôԼеǸħҲ֮ɢ
Ҫ֪ħǰҫҫҲѾһˣȻҲкüŪİҫͷö˵ʵڵģһζûӮҫһζûУðҫ澳гɳֵز
ıκӵϲٰҫ֮£ǰİҫҲܹƥУƴ֮£Ҳܽɱ
ƫƫô˰ҫÿζΪģԽսԽǿɽһ֮κӵصа̳ÿʱ򣬶᲻ԼÿΰڰҫϵĻ棬ǹɲʵԽ
ĳһʱκӵħþȻķԼվڰҫϣҫ˶ԼϾһֻСӣҫҲһ񿴴ϰĿ⿴Ȼһա
ǸʱʼκӵجΣѾԼ˶ٸجΣÿεݶһģһģεҫͷ­ϣһֻһڽ£ȻЦŸκӵӮңҪҽ¹Ӳд
ڲ֪Уҫеħʱ޿̲ӮҫһΣֻСʤҲãشҲãֻеħƽϢȥ
ǺֺһΪľԼѰҫجΣڵʱҲӦûκӵôˣֻһΪаǰˣشҫааһ
ֻκӵǧʼ©һ㣬Ǿǰҫʵ⣬ʱǽκӵȫĿֲʵʵĺ˰ҫ֮ϣ˵籩Ϯ˷ƵǾ
Щ˲칬ĸǶʱһ߶ܵʱǳ׽Ƿ׷һһʵıԴ֣ӭɨ籩ɵһɶͷ˷ܵĺһƺոһ٣Ե쳣ϲ
ҫǱУ籩һ˲˶Ѿɷ籩û
˸еֵǣ˲û¶ʲôǵɫ˷ǳκӵָָ㣬˵ʲôµĻֻǴŹǷһӣ֮ûΪҫģͺ֪Ĺҫһͷ˲ġ
ʱκӵڶ˶ԵеήңǴ˼ڴڵָԼ״̬Ƕ˿˵ķӦ֮вɵøеһ˿š
ҫĹϵΣκӵô֪ܲǶİҫôԼոһЧô뵽κӵѾʼеˡ
ʱ򣬰ҫڵλͻȻһޱӿεɫ𾢣γһΧе籩˹浹ǼΪ׳ۡ
ûεɫĻ𾢿ʼСܵ籩Ѿǵβ棬ҫӰҲĳ˵Уκӵڶ˶ʱʧɫһ˫ͫ׼С۾ĴǶ˿־ı֡
ҫҲûˣֻһһεɫĻγ͸֮ϣĴڵһСĽɫ㣬Եúء
ССɣҫ׽ǣ΢Цк
ҫ֮ʣֱֻӻΪֵҫǰ޴ʱĿⶼڰҫǿɫ㣬Ǹεģƺǳ
˱ˣոǱֵĲʱĻסˣǽġҫָָϵ㣬Це˵
ϣأ
׽񷢳һУɵҫļϣԴڰҫϲͣĹţҲһܵҫűߣҧβ͹ŰҫĵСȣͷ޷·һֺŰҫһĻǰΧ˿Ŀɿڴ
Ҫֻ֪պյްⷽزŶֻޣҲʮֻѣһֻɽ֮춯֮׽ڰҫǰĻʲô޸еϣͨ˼ֻޱȵĺա
ҫֻ޴ϲ⣬Цŵ˵ͷָһɫ׽ǵüģֻһ˫Ŀ¶һ־ϲı飬漴㱻ûΪŽɫ
ҫĵ˵ͷתͷΧˣ΢΢һ㶣üһ˻治٣ǰ˿ɶǰ˲칬мÿ˶뻯ΪֻҫеǣԼ뻯Ѿôô
ˣǾͲ˵ˣ԰ҫʵǿļˣ˶뻯۷ΪȻֵҲ뵽˰˲칬֮С
ðҫеǣȺ뻯֮оȻ껡ҶϹ溡С硢ܲѡΡ˾պ㡢ֵˣǾȻҲ뻯Ϊˣ⵹ǰҫû뵽ģаĴս˶С
Ϲ溣ǰ˲칬֮Ժ󣬵ڶŮ֮дﵽ뻯Ϊģ֮Ůܴ֮ﵽ뻯֮٣˵һǷҪо츳ܴﵽľ磬ɼԼСã߶߱˲š
ǵԼһμʱ򣬻û뵽ܴﵽĳ̶ȡҫһ־ϲĿ⿴ԼʱϹҲСһŰҫ˵ͷҫҲǻһЦ漴Ⱥ΢Цͷ
֮󣬰ҫ߶׼һԵκӵˣ΢΢һЦûǣȸҴţ
һ䣬ҫֱһκӵڵֱȫںɫ֮еˣʱκӵѾԭأѾʶ²ǣڰҫǰѾʧǷֵ
΢һ㣬ֻǿЦͣκӵѾȫҫԺԵøӾ޴֮еѹȸз·Ҫ˺ѣشҫԼħ˭֪ҫ𣬷ħˡ
ʱҫҲ˵ľ״ֻ̬Դעǰˣһӣһ󾢷ɨϵĺɫ˲仯ΪУ¶®ɽĿ
ﭹĹͷȻа˫ǵǧһۣħĿӱλŸɮճԵǡձ
λʦЩܿˣҫ̾һ֮дһ˿ɪĿвɵòһָ̾
һӣҫ˫Ŀһ̧׼ˣһֱ͵һ󾪲֮˵۶ڱͻȻӿһīҫһź
˵ĺֱ֮ɮͬʱһŵ׹ȥҫʹ˸ɫʾף˽˽¡
ҫϵ۳ĺǿֱڵħаȥû²֣ˡ
ҫڵΪ֮ȵǧµʦҪһ㣬ԭѾﵽĵزӦħаȻײ
ҫϵĺһӿεɫĻ𾢽̵죬գ֮Ǻ㱻ճ˻ҽҫվ֮תκӵڶˣ˵ʲôô
תЦûʲôԿ˵ģԳ֣ϣȥҲˣԳȫô
ԣҫصһ䣬Ķ׼͵һεɫĻ˷ӿչ˫ۣ˫ۣ૵Ҳأ
εɫɨ˲仯Ϊһŷɻңҫи̾˲ӪͬӦܳΪ֮ɣҲֻܵˡ
κӵˣԣ


ʮ 飡͵컻գ
ҫ֮ʱκӵ͵һˣ֪ΰҫģԼҲͶҫôʵʣڰҫҲĸԸģκӵأ
һ˵ʲôһʧȥһʧȥִʲôһж޹ء
κӵɲǰѣ޵ӣʵģ־һûᣬʼһǣô᲻
κӵʩƽҪشҫΪʮþȣֻû뵽ҫǿ󳬳ǿϳԼǹһ
κӵı䲻ʲôڵľԼƿأƿȨڰҫϣʱ԰ҫκӵνħѾݻĵ־ʹܻΪд˵պҲĥӰⱲˡ
ɼʹˣκӵɲνţǴʱ˿κӵľˣҪ취Ҫ취޷룬ҫƣǲ̫õġ
ûôұΪһѣηӣҺʧ㻹ǵǸŴҽͷöκӵôҫ֮ɫ˵
κӵȷʧ͸һμκӵʱǷ緢Ƿ˳ᢣǰֶˣõκӵΪеİҫеǲܡ
Źңκԣκӵͷ˫߬ţǴм仰
һ䣬ҫ͵һۣϳŭɫʮʥ׻ȫ汬ǷӿķǹɿֲκӵΪ֮һϡ
֮ͣ羪κˣκӵȻķԼĿռ֮Ȼûǹ֮ɵľ룬֮ȴǰεɫĻ𾢣еޱȵľ
֪ҫĹǾ񹦣񹦵ĻʱɫģεɫĻֻаĹżֻƬļأǴ˵еĹΪʮʥ
ҫɫˣǾĪκӵ̧͵һȭˮͰĻâѸײڶ֮ƽκӵֽ벱סҫ˵⸱࣬޲ýң㲻䱻ҰҫУȥɣ
ŰҫķεɫĻâԽԽâȻûнκӵţֻǹɾ·Ҫֽ벱ŤϣκӵеǿҵϢʹƫƫһĵĴﶼ˵ҫ뽫ĥ֮
ҫ磬ҪʹɣŰҫǱŭɫԶ΢΢ü˵
ҫֶݺݵĿκӵһۣʱκӵ֫ˣһѾɫǿҵϢɱҪʹ࣬ҫγ̾ǸκӵѾˣھĥҲûʲôʵϵ壬ǣҫһʹ졣
ɾڰҫ뽫κӵپ֮ʱϴһͳ̾ϢҫСѣⲻɲŵĵӰɣӦ㣬ֻҪˣպа֮ʱ˲칬һ·Σ
ԴҫҲİǳа֮ڣֻδȴн£ƺĳֶΣ̫ϴУκӵ˫Ŀ֮ͻȻɣд󶨣ҲԿģֻǰҫȴûзſ˼
Ұ˲칬һ·£ţƤе󰡣аеһ𣬾̫֮ϵ̳ҲֻǹӲдѣҰ˲칬һ·ȥ±Цôҫ̧ͷЦλ߸ϵаȻΪκӵ飬δ԰
ߣ֪СҶӵһëа٣һҪ˲칬ȮĻٴʼһŨŨĿζ
ҫһЦҲһһõˣ˲칬Ҳһ˵ģڳ֮УֻҪκһͬҷһģˣ
ҫո֮ʣڳİ˲칬ǣǶһۣҲ֪ǲǰϵõģ뻮һĵϥ¹ͬĺȵɱ
˵ķӦҫȻһЦ˫Ŀ΢΢תͷκӵڵҲˣҲ㣬עһأκӵаҲͷҲҵĵһУҪڳһҲҪϵ㣬˿𣬵Բ˿𣬺ú·ɣ
˵꣬ҫҲκӵӦֱ׼κӵݺһգǲκӵϵεɫâÿ˵Ļ𾢲һգ۵Ĺ㽫һ͵κӵյĸɸɾβ棬׻Ϊ˻ҽ
ҫκӵ˲ճɷɻ֮󣬾Ļ·ըһ쳹֮Уҫɱİͽôܲŭŭŭ
ҫǺôĵ֮Ϊ޴ΪѪĴۣҪе˻ȫɱŰһ
ԾıȣҫȫмһˣǸ߸Цͣͷ˵ðҵ˻飬ҵ뿴аҪöᣬûʵлһأǺǣ
ƣ֮󣬰ҫĴ򷨟oԸо֮ϵĳֱ仯ǾִֶʧˣҫҲǳһתͷǰˣڵǲô
ûһͣ٣ٴȵȲ壬а׹Ĵ죬ԸΪУ
˷ԣҫѪڣֻ˫Ŀ⣬˫ȭݺݵ߬˵ͷ֮󣬳˵ãȳĴңҰҫȻḺȣҰҫڴģպۺ˸Ұ˲칬κһˣҪ̤Ұҫʬ壬ų棡
ͬһʱ䣬̫֮ϣһ֮УҧгĿǰһ̣漴ݺһȭ̺ĩһûҧˣӲǴмһ仰ҫҪʬΣңΪˣ
ҫľ潫κӵճ˻ҽþ𳹵׵뵽˱ŭ֮У˵ʵڵģаоϧľԼͽܣȻκӵǳ޼ãҪ˵Ͷĸ飬ǰκӵԴ
κӵ͵͵ȥҰҫعʱѾˣص֮УκӵͱҫˣǱôҫͨҪһ˭֪ҫˣǻɱκӵλаһ֮֮ϵĸǱҪҫˡ
죬ħܴﵽڣʱħݣҫΪ޴ΪʹĴۣıҪ
κӵĵ賿µ֮ʱҫ˼κӵԼģС졢˽硢Ѧ˾ͽ졢ĽĽȻԯܹʮ˼ھŹɽɽľ̨֮ϡ
ʱʯ̨֮Ͽӡһʯ̨ռľ޴ͼͼʮ˸СͼΧмһͼ϶Ĵڡ
ÿСͼ϶ڷһյˮȣҫһվһСͼ֮ϣһµĿĴϥĿϢԯܡ
ûãԯܻ˫Ŀ̧ͷͷϵ£˫Ŀ͵һɫ:ʱ󣡡
֮ʣҫ˶סǰǸˮȣڵӿֹסˮ֮УɲǼеˮȶһ貵׹⡣
˽Լڽɵ֮󣬱ֹͣ룬ʼĿϢΨǸˮɢҫ۶貵İ׹⡣
ͬʱԯ˫ֲϵı仯ӡʮĵӡ˲ӡһɣʮ˸ˮȶʱĵɫߣʼ´һȫ㼯ԯǰǸˮȡ
ˮȱɫ֮ͼѾתһ޴Ľɫͼɫͼ쳣ֱ֮ϣΧĻʼٱŤӺҹ磬Ӱֱغҹ·ʱڱĳִǿı䣬ðҫĿɿڴ
؟oǬ跨͵컻գתƣ͵컻󣡡
ԯܻ֮ʣͼϵĽɫԽɫֱĳ֮ⷽУĹԾ̫֮ⷽľ룬̫֮ϵаֶ̳ȥ


ʮ 
Ϲ󹫷֣ǴϹļƷʵϹҲ֮ͬҪ˵ⷽǿ󷨣֮ĴӹҲֻ֡
ϹֱΪġ񺿡ɽ󡯣ġԷǳ󡯡ԼŲƵġĪ⡤͵컻մ󷨡
Ϲ֮УɽѾʧ޴Ѱ˵ɱ֮ĪܣϹһƾɱɡνõپҪʧȥ٣ؼ䲻ɣɽ󶼲ܱһ㡣
ɽȻɱ֮ܣͬҲ쳣ľˣڴĳƿصļޣ󷨷ɲ֮ˣɱҲ˴Ӵ𼣡
Ȼǳ󣬴Ϲ䱻֮Ϊµһ󷨣κʽԼûƴķһЩ׵յȻε翵ľûа취֡
ǳ˼ǣɽǿĹ󷨣ǳǿ󷨣ôǿĽǿĶܣһܸʤһأɽ󶼹ǳķ
͵컻մˣ͵컻մŲЧŲƿֻŲƷô򵥣ŲƵʱռ䡣
ʱϣԽҹһ̶ȵתռϣԽһռǿŲƵԼҪλã˵͵컻մ󷨾ԳƵǹھ֮ס
ȻûйǴܹӰ쵽ռʱϵı仯ѾǻΪˣռ㷢ʱԽƬռתƣֻתƱĿռޱȡ
ɽ֪٣ǳаУұɹĲ˳Ϊֶ̫̳Σ͵컻մǱԯãԯܴʱ֮ʩչ͵컻մ󷨽̫а̳Ųƻ֮С
ʱ͵컻մ󷨵ͼڳ͸ޱȾҵĹ֮ⷽУֱ˾֮ϵ֮У˰ҫȺ˾ɵӴޱȵ㹻͵컻άһʱҡ
ȥƺʱ٣ʵѾ㹻˵͵컻մ󷨵ǺεȿֲˣҪֳ֪Ǹߴ֮࣬ʣҲ뻯۷֮ľ֣һǺεȵĿֲǻɹĻ㹻һ֮½һ֮ĸָɷɻҡ
Ȼ֮ӵв֮ʹˣԴеԪӡҲԭǣֻһ֮µܽӵ֮۷ָҲ㹻ˡ
ɾôֲӴȴֻάһʱҵʱ䣬ɼ͵컻մ۳بźʱ˿͵컻յͼȴڸγɲ
û͵컻մ󷨵ǽа̳ʮ֮ʱϵаǶ˽ϮǺа̳нʮ뻯ĸ֣һ֮ڡ
ǧ׿⣬ڴĵϿӡһֱҵĳͼͼΧһȦӡģĴһƬתǺӣʽͣתţͼһּĸо
а˼ͼ֮һֱͼ֮Уضλվã漴Լͬĵƺͼ֮ϣڵǺĵͼ֮УɲǼͼĴǺ͵һ٣漴쳣貵Ĺâ
ƣٲ֣ǳ󣡡
ٶڽԴԴϵͼʱͬĴȵǰ޴ͼ͵컻մϹ֮һӵоԷ֮Ƶǳ
ʱǽаֻ̳ҵľʱóӡǳĴ֮͵ɢһǳΪգ֮ͽа̳ǣ漴γһ㱣Ĥǽɫ֮⡣
Ϲ󷨵ܻײ֮ʣһʱȻ˸൱ʱڿ˭ҲѹԷˣ̨ϵԯȴüһ͵컻մܵ谭һӾͱѿ
һͲˣӽ컹ҪˡλӰͬ͵컻գŲƣ
ԯһ߱ӡһȵ֮ʣϵӡҲѳͣ͵컻մ󷨵ͼ֮ͻȻһһģһͼֱת˲ǳ֮ϣ֮󣬺ݺݵѹȥ
ͼѹûдʲôضɽҡľ󣬷Ե쳣·ʱռ䶼ֹˡа̳֮ڵиǳЩ뻯ľ⣬˾Ȼʼ
Щάǳ󷨵ĸǣǼѪԣǳǺͼҲʼðȻǺͼһֱתţֻתٶѾԽԽҪͣˡ
ʱԯƺҲӦ㣬ǲٿ͵컻մ͵һͼǽаǳ󳹵ֹͣУʯһ˲䣬ԯɫһϲ˫о漴պݺһץ³ȥ
סа̳ͼʼת漴鷢ˣа̳ȻǱͼεס·Ƭռ䱻ǿˣͼдȥ
ڰҫ˵Уֻ̫֮ϵĳ͵˸һ£̨֮ϵĸͼһ۵Ľ⣬ֻάһѣͳ׵ʧˣͼҲ޹ʮ˸ˮҲĻΪɢ
ǳȻӲǸҾôãûһõۣƺҲǣҪҲûôףԯһ΢Ц˵ʱɫȥҲ̫ãҰֽϸǳһϸܵĺ飬˿ȥƺήҵĲС
˼״Ͻǰ̽ԯҲǰ˰ֵЦİɣû£ֻ֮ǰıȽϴѣϢ¾ͺˣа̳֮ˣֻǾλҲ̫ҪԼȥˣҲֻܰǵˣ
ԽһϲֻҪаоͺã˵Ҫҵа̳Ҳ̫ѣҪ䳹׵Ľ󻼡
ʱҫǰԯʩһ񣬿ڵǰûպаػὫǳ˫ַϡаԴԼĵرҲǰֲȡλǰְɣ
ԽһЦСҲǻһЦҫǳɳˣȥǣˣȻΪĸǲرİҫĽݷӦҲͬһ뷨Ǿ塢𸮡ˡ񶼡δĵôˡ
Ҫ֪ΪΪȻ⼸ɵĵ֮˸ĵ˶ǹ֮ҲһӴҪά֣Ҫʲô治񻰡
ܲ˼ƴƴΪսɳһô˼ң°ҫҲǾͽаôһ󵰸˳
аĵжֲʵҲĺܣܹһа˲·磬Դǰ˵Ƿǳ˵ģĸ˫۷Źˡ
ټԼֲȡȫη֣⣬ģҲһãȻʲôˣøʲô棬ҫҲǷǳģ˵磬ⷽصԭס
ǰда֮˷֮صĶԭoĵ̾ΪĵɣλӦҲûʲôɣҫ΢Цͬʱһˡ
ЩĹϵͲö˵ʲôˣ֮Ĺϵͺҫ֮ȻںЩһ΢ЦͷΨĸɫʼе㲻Ȼֻǰ޳ɣֻԼһ˷ԣǻǳʸ֮ģֻµպ˵
ˣôλǰҲʼжɣҵа̳˰ɣ
ͬʱ֮ϵĳУǳͻأĿʼ漴һ׶ΣֱɣߴǧףĶˣһޱȵ


ʮ ˲
ôô£صааǸаҫǲԶƵ˵
ѾǰҫѰа̳ĵˣڽ峿˲칬Ŀõ̽ӷ㼴ʹֱͨӸ˰ҫ֮󣬰ҫ˵أشӪ
һСֶӲ̽ѾûлߵˣһǣаӦþĵѾ뵽棬һӦþͻõһЩõϢˣһԵĹٿ˵Ϊ˲칬ĿõȻҪڵһʱõõ鱨һ浹Ե쳣ĵӦ֡
ҫԵ˵ͷ̧ͷֱ޴ĿȻܽȴû취Բİ֮ڣ·֮ʲôľˡ
ǳôȻܸȵȣԾҵľˣôȥģ
ҫɫһжʱеһֺܲõĸоתͷ٣ڵ磬ĻǸ壡
ɫһ䣬Ҳ̧һöͨѶģûڣһҺͬʱҶĵҲ洫ȥƺǼȣ⵽˾ѻǷ˷ޣʵǿ߱Χˣ˲أ֧Ԯ
ԽǴ󾪣Ҫ֪ҶʵҲ뻯ΪȻֻǳڣʵҲǼǿģټϰڰ˲칬֮ҲǾԵľ񣬲˵˴ﵽ񾳣Ĭ˵սǷǳɹ۵ġ
ڴҶ˵˲أԼʵǿ֣ɼĵ˾൱ǿ󣬶ҲžԵơ
ģ֧סϾ͵ҫüͷڵ
һ䣬Ҳһֱӳ˲ƶȥһӣһ˶·ײʲôͣİ֮ϡ
˽Ϊֹһ㶣ǾȻû˲ƽȥֵ̧˵ǰմһȦȦɢ漴ָֻǰȷʲôڣĳʵ㽫Ǹˡ
ԣָе˵漴ǰ˫ӡͣĴһööĽɫĹӡǰϣ㿪ʼ
ָнӡ֮ǰһɫȦָָָȦڵԽȥˣֻĿռƺһ̶ȵĸı䣬ǵĿռ֮ᱻ˰˳ɣû˲ˣ
΢΢üҶĻΣ֮УҲûжһ˽ȥڽڲ֮Ըе巢飬Կռ֮ĸӦࡣ
Ҳֻаҫһû˿Ĳ֮У˵ľѾһϣõԭ䲻κܽԭѹƣԣҫʵûб֡
Ȼ˵Ŀռ֮ȵǱĹΪȴڣҲǿľˣûڰҫľ֪£ҵҶԼİ䡣
ʱİ仹ҵĺܣҶĴԱŲʱĹ򣬾ֻʣʮˣǵĵȴҫľޱȡ
Ҷ˵ǰ㣬Щһﲻˣޣ͸ߴͣһɿ⣬˫ᣬͷ˫ǣıۣɫٵǸƣģҲ׶ʮ㣬֮
ʱҶֻƴɱӾû˿ƿԣǸͷɢɫɷףѪģȻǱֻȫѹˡ
ۿŰҪ׽ҶҲǶ֧ҫ˫Ŀ΢΢ȵȫɱˣһ
ҫһ£һЩֱȥЩĳԱҫ˸ϵһϲüңصһаҫڣԼˡ
°ŭһһǧ׹˫ֱӲֻͷ­ֻͷ­˸ܽӴֻ汻ѹСİӣɫҺӽµͷ­ֻһ棬ֻͱ°̤ͷ­
ͳͳӹ°˫ۻĿ˵
ʱ°İΧ֮УĻЩȻȻ¶İﶼеһɾҵΣոУڱܵ£Щһͷ漴°û
°΢΢һLһ𣬺˵ɽһ㱬ЩΧ°ﱻƷ죬֮£һͷǷһ漴ֱײ
ǚȭͻϮ
֮׷ױ俪ÿһֻ֮϶һˣмֻǱֱأͷֻһ棬нʮֻﱻУͣסɢ֮󣬳ǰǳ°ǸߴıӰ
һߣֳ٣վȺ֮УۼİΧ˿壬ָ٣ԭʱͣסΣվԭط󽫽ʮֻ߿Ѫͷء
ֻ꣡
Щ鴤±㲻ٶ۶ڱǷ׷ɫҺ壬ǵѪҺٵǵķԣ֪ô£پôһ߸һǰȥ߹ĵطﶼ׷׵ء
ٿߣֻĵأɫ֮һӿܵһЩʼȻʼڻһЩýһֻգ֮䱻򶾶ɨһǼܣľѾԲ֮͵Ǻš
춾ش򶾳Ͼ
ֽ֮֮˻ɫ֮֮ϣȻʼͥԾǰȥЩֻǸոմǲ֮ͱ̶һǼܣ⻭ޱȡ
ؿߣһӥκӰɴ֮УӥκӰÿδһֻ߾ֻĲͻһɼǵצۣӥκӰҶģҶĵ֮쵱ǿ쵽ӰЩȫû׽Ӱ
ӥŊZӥ
һֻֻﱻҶ˺ʺ֮Щ￪ʼҹֻûһֻĹҶĵһ½ǣȥɱʵǱҶĸƷˡ
ȻҲǷǳɣֻ˫һת绨һ׺˫ֵİڶ֮âɨǰת˲֮нʮֻﱻâɨɸӣֵЩâ䴩֮󣬱ʧΣȥء
绨ѩ¡ľ裡
Щâȷİֻßo˪۳İЯİŰ⣬ѾûаˣѰǰ㣬ˣԼҲˣİ޾ġ
ߵĲԶһֻߴĺɫŰ޴Ļ·һոֻɫ۳ģһ˫֣ŻӰ֮Ⱥ֮ɱ˸
ԶĵطָУָеĹʽǸ°Ĺʽ࣬ͬҲһԾƣ֮еﶼָǴԾӡ䴩ûãָϵﵹҲнʮ֮
ʱҫ˷·ȺɱЩﶪףɾЩ·ηһ㣬Űҫˡ
еİҫһҶԵֻǰ漴һ̽磬סһֻʺһ𣬻һ¾ӿֻﳹ׵ȼ﷢˻ߵĲҽУôҫճ˻ҽ
ҫ˦˦ϣƳһֻڵֵܣЩ˲ɣ
䣬ҫָһâѸײڶ֮ƣֻȼӦʱ䶼ǣһգ۱㽫ճ˷ɻҡ
ҫҶĶˣЩʵĺܣÿһֻ뻯ڵ֮ʵȻûпռ֮ãϾȼġ
Щڰҫǰֱ۸Ӥһ㣬Ͳǰҫ˵Ķ֣սָǵɱҶ֮ʣҫüͷĶˣеһޱȵ


ʮ һ£Ц磡
һ֮󣬰ҫ˽ǰֻ¾һգ˰⣬ҫ˷ֺδεսҶ˵ֱ֣֮Ƕ԰ҫ˵ȴֻǵɱˡ
ǣ˸еֵǣҫȻӮˣȴһһüͷšһ񣬱Ե쳣ࡣ
ЩʵǿȻķʽֲܴڣģʽһҲûʽĳ֣ǵԹ˵Ѿһ뻯ڵȫһˣսѾ뻯ڣҲ뻯ڵˮ׼°૵ͷü˵
ֻǹзҲǿǼǳļӲҳԣͨĹϻᱻж߰˳࣬һɱֻ뻯ڵΪʵѶǲʵԵ˺˵ͷ˵ĻҲָСҶġ°˵ͬ׷׵ͷֹ
ǣֹŶЩĿҲǳǿأѪǱɫģѪҺзǳǿĸʴԣܹкʹ󲿷ֵĶأͨĶûʲôЧأһԵ廰˵
ʱǰһڵЩ幹죬ֻķһǵ쳣ǿҴг˷ɱսʶ⣬κεĸоѵľһΪɱ¾Ĺ߶ѡ
ۼ˷Լҫ̾һڵûи飬ֻΪɱ¾ӵ뻯ҵʵֻǳɰǧöԸҪǳǧأʮأŷ˵ԻһٰҪǣǴôγɵģ¸Ѳ˸ϵ
һ˽Ǵ󾪣ɱЩ·׹һ㣬磬Ҫ˵ЩĵʵǿľˣѰ뻯ڶδʹǵĶ֣ٻ˵Ҫأ
ҫ˿ɲɵӣĺܣЩȻǳ֮ǰٶֻ»ֻľţһëˣж֪ˣҪҲаϡ
һ£аϵǶŷ˵Իһ٣һ֮Ժɨݻݵ˷֮أ֮
˻˵ⷽص뻯֮ĸҲ٣Щ衣⻰˵ûɹؼĵطϵĲ࣬ⷽص뻯֮ǿжٸ
Ʋаһ̸˵ҫߣϰҫžŸϽЩչصžԲᳬʮ뻯أ֮ѾǶˣΪҲиеͣβ롣
Щأÿһֻ뻯ڵʵʹⷽصһԶսסʮ˲ˣǽʮȫ֮ʣµЩ㹻ⷽغüˡ
ʱЩǿܽе⣬ⷽҲʣˣȫпܣôǴ˹˾ʲô壬԰ҫЩΪⷽصĴپԲʲôΣĻʵ
ο˿ɲ֮ھֻЩѣһʲô൱ǿ֮ǰЩǿĶ࣬ʮѹ˷ǳȷԼ뷨
ģȴֵǻȥúˣˣǾͺã˳֪ͨԴ÷ҫתͷҶ΢Цߵ˵ͷҲ֪ԼҲãʶȤĴаԱ뿪ˡ
ʱҫ˫ĿͨͨСչӣ׸˵һҵа̳ˣȲ̽һȥǱһ¶Բߡ
õģҫСģҪԮôСڰҫԺ
ûµףڵʵǳ޼٣а˻ҵĶ֣ԣõңҲ룬ֻΧ̽һͻˣҫοٴϸ˼䣬˱ֹͨ
ڰҫСͨոնϿ֮ʣͻȻһĴһƬҫ˸еԾ̧ͷһɫʱҫǷ˷ҫŶͷڵڸôôŻ˭أ
ڰҫ˵ͷ֮ϣ֮ƲдܳĴųڿУĸ⻹ûбݴˣôܰ춼ˣҪ֪ڿ磬̫յʱ
ǰȺҫûôԼҪɱҲ̫ľȺ֮Ϊ׵꣬˰ҫע⡣
λ꣬ҫڶйһ֮Եа˫ʹ֮һʹڿλüЦ꣬ҫͲʶˣȻܸݵλҲͲŶԣаʹЦ硣
μ棬аʹЦ磬׹׹˷ǰ֪кμ̰Ц翴ҫɻĿ⿴ԼʱȻʩһЦӯӯĿڵ
ЦľٶҫΪ֮һ㶣аԼһǲݵľ棬Ǽҫˣ˵һųŶԣЦòкĵͷ۵һֱ֡
Ϊ˵ѴĦﲻһȥƣмӣЦӭܿתͷʱ򣬾ͳͷûؼװƷʱЦǸָоֿ΢Цʵȴǰɱ
Ц磿аʹа̳ıأôЩʲô⣬аûĸһսͿЩ棬᲻̫һ㰡ҫǸ߸߹ֱЦЦ
԰ҫĳЦ绹ûü˵һԵĿȴǲˣֻһŭɫȵСΪԼ˵㳤ͿſˣҪɱ㣬ɲ̫ľȻˣվͱٻŻȥ
ūţڸЦ˵ûķݣĴȥҫҲһۣĻص

ҫĻ׼ŭ˿󣬺߲Ȼŭޱȣ͵ıһɺ˵ɱ⣬ͬʱǸߴɷ·ħһĻɫӰ˲ͣɾڿҪҫչսֻǣȴЦ̧
׹˵ͦȤģҪ֪ǿаа˵κ¶ûʲôֻ֣֮عֻ̣Ҫа⣬ʲôֶǶõģЩʲôǸЩаܣɲܸأ֪ҵĻش׹ôЦЦеĿŰҫڻص
ҫԵ˵ͷڵ˵ûҲаһ磬Ȼ㲻ϸЩܣǾץȥӡʰɣ
ҫһ䣬ҲЦ練Ӧʱ䣬һǳڿǰֱһžͽ߷˳ȥ
һͻȻûзӦҪ⿴ƽƽһţȻصҪ֪ڿűӰӳţҲܱҫһ߷ɣԼеޱȡ
ҫһ߷ɿ֮ץЦļ򣬿һץȻץˣһӰ֮ʧˣҫҲţ˫Ŀһһ˳ƶԣֶЦһơ
ԣ˺ɨЦͻȻһ˿㵣֮ĿֱֲӺ˳ȥֱķɳϰ׿⣬ҫҲǷ֮Զüͷ΢΢𣬶࿴Цһۣ漴һֱĳߡ
ץǻҪģЦڷ֮ʱһ䣬һһ׷ȥ
ûڰҫһ̣˲ûһͬǳǽķȫٳߣǶ°ҫܣǲðҫġ
Ҫ֪аʹΪģһ֪ǴɻСɣһһסҫһ˾ͻὫ£ʱҫɾΣˣԣΪ˲Ϊҫĸۣܹһս˵жǰ˰ҫһæ
Ӵо˷ٳʱҲǻһЦһôˣĬ뷨ȻǺĵĺܣڰҫǿԺ޹˼ɵķһսˡ


ʮ սа˫ʹĴʶ
Ҫ˵ҫڵʵ޵״ﵽһʲôĳ̶ȣԼûʲôΪѾܾûȥǿǰȫԸˡʱҫһ˶սа˫ʹ־ΥѹȸŸС
а˫ʹʵǿޱȣҫеսѪĵѾܾûдôʹˣյҪսһ츲ء
ʱ˿׷ȥЩʵҫҲֻѣ˹ʲôвжǵǿĵĺܣǰЦ磬ôز¶˼
Ц԰ҫҲǳ˺ģͱԼСϲ֪ٱԼажǾ֮ˣǰҫ츳ȻԼҪֲ
ŻʮĹ⾰Ѿǿ̶ֳȣΪ֮ˣΪ˵һ޳˴˵вŴڵʮʥ֮⵱еĻԵԼ츳ʵеա
ԹڰҫһЦ֮˷·һֱֱЦȥۼҫԼЦҲҵԪȵת£쳣ͬʱӰҲһʱ۶
ЦıӰǶһ񣬱ӰߴɣȻҲεɫȴǷḻʣֳһ߲֮ɫڱӰıϲͣתĿĸо
ȻôεıӰǸĹйôˣ˵ҫа룬ʵҲΪЦıӰе죬Ҫһ̽ʵ
ЦıӰֵһ˲䣬ֻҫ͵һ٣ܹĳ̶ȣ񱩵Ļ𾢺ƺһϯУҫ˫һһ֣𾢻һ֮⣬һӣҫ˻Ϊһ£˫˳Ƴǹ쳣񱩵Ļ𾢣ݺݵĺЦ硣
ռɱСٳǣ
нЦǱרעֻһ˫һϣ漴˶ʱһʹ⣬ǱӰϵҲͬʱĸĿʱЦ˫˳ƳӰҲͬΪҫӡһ
Ԫꡤڤʴգ
ڶԵһ˲䣬һ춯صĺ쳹֮䣬˷ӿΣŭˣȻڰգȴӲǽһƤϯǧײųּƣԶΪĵķԲǧ֮ѱɨƽأǺòˡ
ǿжԺ䣬Ǿ춯أʽϰҫٳҪʤһ˵ƾЦ籾ͬıӰݺݵ棬ֻһ죬Ÿ߸ĳԳһ쳣޴ӡ
һûȫΪӦòֹڴˣʵڹ˼ʲôôҫз˫ۣа
֮ǰֵһ̣ҫܹǳԵĸоЦڵ侪ˣʮʥ֮ĻԼҲѷ֮ǰһٳֺܹ˵ӲЦƫƫʾҲ֪«ʲôҩ
ڰҫ֮ʣͻȻֳһɫıӰֻӰ̧־һȭҫıţХľֲȭΧĿռ䶼ѹŤһȭƼѸͣƸǾޱȣֻȻһ죬ڱӰ֮еĿɭȻһЦ
ǽƻޱȣ֮ǰҫһ߷֮󣬱ܵĸоҫʵǿޱȣΪƻҪЦ֮ϣǣ㲻ɫĶһ԰й۲졣
ҫЦɵĵ֮󣬲֪ô˳˼ˣ˲չ͵ϮҪһɱʹɱ˰ҫҲҪش
ΪԼѾֵʱͻȻеһԭӰһȭˣȭҲһŻ𾢰ţҵʹ亹ֱ˺òײŽϵĻϨ
͵ϮôΪûע⵽ôɵ氡ҫǸ߸Ц
ڿǰһߴɵĳɫӰһȭǺӰ֮ϣҲǰҫıӰǧһ֮ʣΪҫһȭ
ԭʼնڰҫĸ֪֮Уһһڰҫ֪֮£Σ͵ϮɣҫķѸƥ
ֳֻɵƵ˳ƺǱӰҲͬһƵâ͸ʮ֮ޱȣѸײڶ֮ƣݺݵɫıӰ֮ϡ
գ
Ҫ֪֮ͨıӰ뱾ǽģҲ˵ӰܵĹᷴϣֻᱻ߳ңҪӰ̶ˣҲϵ˫ʵΣǿʤ
ۼ󱻰ҫһɣϵǳɫĵۣѾǳ˵ˣҫҪȿǿǿֹһǰ㡣
ʱ֮͵ıһЦֻɫϾֱҫȥҫҲĵЦһһֱЦȥ
ٴν֣ЦʽᲢãֿ磬ֻǹȴйоأҫʽ޳ͣƸƥ˫̶̵ֲϢ֮䣬ѽʮУԶ·ħһıӰչ쳣ҵıƴ
ʱ䣬Ӱ֮ƵƵضɽҡ춯أӰս֮ʣһɫӰս֡
һؾƵô仯ǳɫӰսˣ׼һյ˫ͬʱһңһ߲ʵıӰԺһƣƷ˺󳷣ת˲֮Զǧ׿⡣
ۼҫߣֱҧҫһж·磬ȥа˫ʹһǧɣΪ˵ЦЦȴûеʲôҪȥ׷Ŀ
Ī׷ߺˣʱ䳤ˣڵʹŶԣٺ٣ЦЦƺʲôʱҲЦͣһʧ١
ʱҫصʱۼĵص㣬ҲѾۼڴ˵أֻǵӵԵЩÿ˶ˣƶôأֻ˶ѣ
⵹ҫе쳣ɻЩʵҲֻѣ˵ʵܳƣȺҪ֮ǰһȺǿܶࡣ
ûЩǿˣһǿ࣬еڱǿڵʵ̶ȴ뻯ڶĳ̶Ȱɣû´ĻǻݶֵʵԱȣȥԼս
ЩӦûִʶĴڣҫͨǰ㣬һֻʶܹഫݣԣ֮ǰЩЩʶֱӷڵúһǿôࡣͷ˵ԼĿҲһ㶵ģѾص˾Źɽ̨ϣʼ˴֮Ŀ
νĴʶ൱ھһȺͳһʶʶĹؼڣһȺ˼־ͬһƵʼձŻͨĹϵ
ҪȺеκһ壬һжȺʶ֮УҪȺҪȫǾͻԶڣȻҫЩӵʶ
ʱҫ΢εĵͿһڵҪ˵ģѾͷ˵ˣһһҪ䣬ЩȻǻݶֵʵϱǿǿĳ̶һǴĳּ޵ģɳЩǸɨƽˣǻʲô˼ɰɣ
ҫС˵ûǵȷ˼ɣֹֻ˼ʱƣòһ¾ͻᵴȻ޴棬ʱЩħܺɨأⷽˣ
ҫ֮ʣԯǵͳֳԵĻ֮һӣԯܴŰĵֶһһ񣬰ҫȿʵԯǰ֮ǰ˵Щħ֮ǰЩɣ
ԯ΢Цͷ漴һڵҫ֮ǰһУϸϸ˵һɣ
ҫ˵ͷ֮ǰ˾ϸ˵һ˵֮󣬰ĵ˭ûпڣ뵽˳˼֮Уÿ˵ɫˣüͷšһƺΪҫ˵ľе
ԯ̲ס̾һڵǻСаԭǲɽ¶ˮţ̳ᵽ̫֮ϣΪħ


ʮ ħĴ˵뻹һŵƣ
ħǸйô֮ǰҿĶһڵѵԯǰеǿħɣҫ΢΢üѯʵ
ԯ΢΢ͷЦ˵ħĴ˵ô
ҫ㿴ңҿ㣬ÿ˵ı鶼ԵúãȻԯҲǿЦһ˵ͷڵǲ֪ҲǷϹһܣϹʱڣ֮ĴܹǰƷĪйأҲͣһħ֮ˣ
νħȫڤħڤħһ̬ҲԳ֮Ϊ׵̬ڤħĿֲ֮ɿħޣԼɢħ
ħҲЩֻҪһӵвѷɫ뻯ڵʵֲܹԼֵʵִͨʶзħޣ޵ʵ뻯ڵĳ̶ȣÿһֻħ޵ʵͬġԯϾǿɬЦݣ˵̾Ϣͣ
ҫҲҡͷһǰʱѾ̹ˣʵҲԤһģһʵǿֶ࣬ǿֲ
ȻܽڤħѹְҫޱзȻĪʧˣԭǱаջȥˣڿɺãһУ̽䰡
ԯǰħʲôҫ̾Ϣһʵ
ԯܵ˵ͷڵħǼȻħ**ˣôӦ֪ħ޵Ĺ죬ֻǶһ԰ɣ
Ե˵ͷ漴ͻȻ뵽ʲôһʧɫԯܵЦݸӿɬڵҲʲô˰ɣûʵ͸еһħ޲Уνħ־ڤħӣֲ֮˱һ̵ʱתħޣħֳΪһ࣬Щħ޶Ǵתġ
һ˶ʱһüһڤħȻĹܣѹûл˵Ĵڣħ޾Ȼôֲԭ˶תħˣ;ˡ
⻹ֻһжѣҪħɢ֮ⷽУⷽ󽫻Ϊħ޵£ҫа޼ѵǷ˲ɣҪôȫΪ鲻Ϊȫ뷨湻ݵġ
ԯǰϹʱⳡζȹģҫææʵڼӦ֮ʱһȥ¾Ҫˮˡ
ԯ΢΢һЦָָҫڵҪȥʦˣһ˽ڤħһ˽ɷɻңҲ֪ʲôڤħѹˣֻȴ³֪ƽ֮ˣ
ڤħĺƽ٣ǽظ췭ظһҪػʵԯܻ©һ㣬ڤħɢħħ⣬һΪֲаܣǾħڵʱԽⷽرʴľԽ
ħϣԼĸӵɢȥӶʳеһԴⷽؽһƬ֮أرûߣӱøɿݣ֮һоﶼᱻħɣʱⷽȻ
Ϲ֮ӹһ٣Ҫ鹦ƷĪλԩңڵʱƷĪƶѾ֮ǿûеܹǱȼ磬ΪѴﻹ컯֮
ֻǶΪĳ¶ֵ֣ɾħٵĿʼ¶˲òٴ֣Ҫ֪ʱڤħʴؽٷ֮һʱŹȥѣòһʱ䣬ضΪء
ԯ˵ǰ㣬ƷһڤħһأĪǰڱ֮ħ֮½䳹ѹֻȴǲö֪
ǣƷĪƶˣҫһ㶣漴ֿЦƷԲѣĪȴֲ֪٣ĵûи߰ҫǣĪƱӡ飡ָˡ
û취ôҫü̾Ϣһʵ
ԯü̾һڵǲ֪ʲôĸ֮ˣأƷĪƵ֮ѹڤħ֮ʲôô
ԯ˵֮󣬿ĵˣҲǿЦҡͷĿڵԵú֣ڿԶǣ֮Ҳû棬ҲƷɣôڤħģֻԸ˵ʲôֻǲݲݴǱûжʡ
˷ˣƷɲѣҲħû취˷֮ʣѦ𷴵ǰһߵҫǰʵҫľ񹦴ﵽǴ˵еʮʥ֮˰ɣʲôʮʥ桢桢棿
ҫ΢΢һ㶣Ѧе㲻֪룬˵ͷڵֻ漶ǽ澭ʮںϣƽʮʥǰԵĻ𾢣һͻƵ棬滹кܳһξ룡
Ѧ˵ͷ΢΢һЦڵʱʲôҪһ˼Ľʮʥȥʱﵽļ˵ʮʥǵʤ
ڳ˶ѦĻǴһᣬ漴ˢˢĶҫȻǰһһЦİҫºëֱһܲȻ˵ǱôңлϽ˵
ˣˣڽܷľҫܽʮʥﵽ漶ڤħδƲˣﵽռ漶ħ㲻ΪǣҫļЦ
ĽҲ΢΢һЦڵ漶ܱ޳ɵļʻ֮һʵֻҪ漶͹ˣʮʥϼ֮뼫֮ףħˣֻҪҫΪ߹ħаܣȻܽơ
ҫ΢΢üͷڵʮʥ漶ʵ̫ޣܹﵽڵ漶ҲȡɣҪûо澭ĸںϣҲֻ漶ˣһʱƣҵĹƣҪ޳棬ʮ꣬ĻͲ֪Ҫˣ
ҫһ䣬Ҳ΢΢ͷ˵еϳѧҪɾһһϦܳɾ͵ģҫﵽĹΪǲ֪˶ٵĿ࣬Ŵ澳нͻƣ˽յĳɾ͡
ǰҫڵʵͻѱȵ죬Ҫһ˿ޱȣΪϣҫѾﵽ֮ĻԵﵽ컯֮򣬴ľΪҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
ȻǹΪ˵ʵڵģҫܽ޵ʮʥһ㣬Ѿ൱ĿֲˣسһɹʮʥǿߣԲᳬҫһ
ʮʥĸȼҫһͻƵѾǰ޹ˣҪһ¥ѾûȡˣȻ澭оԪ۷οԽհҫĹƣҲֻ⣬ȼʱˣҪһ͸ǲܵġ
ȥѾû취ڶʱڴﵽˣǵҪУϾ澭ø״˰ңʮʥô죬ȵȣôǸˣľԴ
ҫԽԽͷۣͻȻԼһûãаһصһ¶ͷ漴ҲͶĿһһöѶҪڵʱ򣬴Ѷ֮б㴫һƾ죬ϲĺ
ҮҳɹҳɹţҾǾ˫ĵһţҪҵֿʷʷϣ
Ъ˹ĿЦһգҫһ죬ôǰǰԼĸĸǰӱֵʵڹ˵㣬޹Ⱑ
Сӣ㣬ʲôɹˣ˵ҶҪ״ΣҾͰֿڱϣʱʷʷˣҫûŭ
ͻȻһ漴Цٴδΰİ׹£ӦΪһ¶е֮ǰһ̣Ĳǲǧཫ񵤸ˣ


ʮһ Ĵޣ̷񵤣
ͬһʱ䲻ͬĵص㣬ڵܱϰ⵽ħ޵ķɨЩħ޵ʵɲڵǰǲһֻʮֻħ޾ܽЩ׸
£аеҫ𣬳׼֮󣬽ѾصȺ۸ݵľƣɷ׷һ
ҫİ˲칬ҲûнЩĵ̾ΪУǷǳĻЩԭʹȴֱаռݵЩ԰˲칬ֱǸм㣬ûҫֹĤˡ
ڰҫİ˲칬ҲֻԼʡ֮أ֮ǰڰҫѰӻٲֵԸ˳ҫųɾŵصԼɽأҲЩȥµɽء
֮ǹλٻţٴϧǣӻû죬ħ޴ٴ뵽ˮ֮С
ֲǣǱЩħɱˣȻëȻ䣬ĹЩʬʼŤͱ󣬱˫ҸֳһԱ۰ƤɫͷһԼǣ˫Ŀڣģ˲
ħ޷ɱ¾£ԽԽʬתħޣ˵ħɱˣжֻͬɱĶͬԽ࣬ɱȥôⷽؽĴڣΪħƹܵء
ʱһеħŰ֮ʣһ춯ص·ըһһЩеħޣ⧲֮£Ȼݺݵڵϡ
ħʶ̧ͷ֮ʱֻһɫСıۿɼٶȱ˶ϸһŷԭһͷͨѩףٶ׸ߴĳ۾Գ
Գ׹֮󣬼ֻħޣ̾ͱԳ޴Ƹѹ࣬ϸǱѹһֱϰ׵ӡ
ڰԳֻ֮͵ĴһؿڣѪӿѪɫ˫һּ˵ױ֮⣬Щħһ漴ҲͣǵصѹԳ
ۼЩħѹǿֲҲǧϣԳȴǷֺ壬ִһؿڣһ죬漴һѩƤëɢһ㵭׹âֻһţӿɨǰħޡ
ԳƵ֮ԳֻǽɨһȦǰǧֻҵħޱɵıָ֮ˤɵıмֲֻ
֮󣬰Գ㴷أʼֱײЩħչ˻ԵĴ𿴰Գ;޴󣬵ޱȣûΪ޴֫ٶۣӵŲѷɫ֫
ҰԳ˫ħСȭͷӶ֮ʱ⣬ǿֲףЩħ޼˰иֱӻΪһ̲࣬ȫʬ
ԳƺûƵģһֱ֮׹һħռĳУչɱ¾ֻԳϹʮ֮һıħԳ
ͬʱһϷʮÿһжһ쫷磬쫷ֱаңֲķƽڵһﶶУ˺ѳĩЩﵱлЩħޡ
Щ쫷粢ʲôȻ֣ȻҲΪʼٸһͷɫľǣʮģ˫͵һ⣬漴ͷһʮ쫷ʼͣţգ۵Ĺŵǧ׵Ŀֱ
ͷ׾һ˻ֻ˫צ̧֮ݺݵڽµ֮Уһ֮֮ľ޴дǾ޴ϱеħȫնޣǺʮгħһַй£ȫû
һ䣬Щ쫷糯˷ƶ·ǾĲٿŷƵȥЩ쫷ƶķһ죬ĳУЩ֮ħ޼ɵչɱ¾
׾ٴͷһЩ쫷ƶٶȼӿһ࣬Щзϯȥͷ׾Ϲʮ֮һǡ
쫷Ű֮ʣʮ֮УһǾڳߣǾƤڣ˫ͫ˷Ϯħޣͷ­ϵļɢϹ⡣
һӣϹ͵һһâƿһֻħ޸ɷɻ֮â˲ı䷽Ѹײڶ֮ƽһֻħ˷ɻң֮·ǹһٴ䡣
âǹĲ֮£Ĺн֮ħޱâǹ˳âǹٶ֮죬֮ͣǺš
ǶǾǾ޴ͷ­ɨһȦħ֮壬ͷ­ϵļٴâ֮ϰٷâǹӼб
֮жʱâǹһĶǵĻ棬ϰٵâǹ·һ㳯˷ͣɢȥһֻֻħâǹǻԵĴ£ҺѻΪһѷɻҡ
âǹԶȥ֮ǶǾڶǰ߶ȥûñ뿪ŲԶһƶţħɻŰţǾϹʮ֮һĺ
Ϸһ֮УһӰħ֮䣬Ӱÿλһֻħ޺߱ķѣķ飬Ӱ;ѾһصħʬӰ֮ԳԼò
һͷͨڣ˫ͫ𣬼ݣɫ·нɫͼƵıӣͷڱٶǿ쵽ֻһܣֱӻΪһӰգ۲ʱ佫ǰʮֻħ޸ķ飬֮һܣʮֻħޱķѡ
ܵħ޻ûӦô£㱻ͷڱķ飬ͷڱϹʮ֮һƷƱ
ƷƱĶȻûֻô춯أķΧҲûֻ󣬵ǣٶȵǿҪΪµһٵԲΪĴ֮Уɱ¾ħķϾٶʵ̫ˡ
ʱ˿̣ĴԶĸΧԵ̺ʽɱ¾Щħ޾ɱЩħǰ϶磬ɱɾ
ǰҫĲˣνǧñһʱЩ޼ȻѾôãôҲǸǶһˣҪ֪սѪԸЩħ޵ٺʲÿһֻ޵ʵͬһ֮ʵ۷֣ԸЩħ޵Сһ
Ĵ֮УƷƱǾޣħԳǰҫȭģֻҫǾʶټϰҫƷɵĹϵֻʹĴӦ
ȻǸҫͲö˵ʲôˣֻһֻ׽׽ҫһһһھŹɽɽ̨ʯչء
ʯڣҫһųɫ裬ԴƺеԥųɫԲһ⿴ԺǲͨɢһɵĻͬʯڵ¶ȶǸߵľˣһʯ̾ͻᱻ˸ɣҲͰҫ׽ӵ۷ʵ߲ܰȻĴ档
񵤰þʮʥļƷ浤ѾʮʥĲˣ֪أˣʤޣҵĸ´˵ӦܽҩȫӲǣͻƲʮʥȼ빦ܾٲŶԡҫһҲٶ룬еľ񵤸̷ȥ漴о񹦽
ⲻãһҫʧɫڼŸոнҩҩںϣһɺɽ鱬һĻ˲佫ҫĵбűΣա
ŵðҫʮ漶𣬿ԾͲɻܣֱҫʮʥ֮ʣܹˣСž񵤵ҩпʼϲԾֲҩﵽʮȼңɼ


ʮ ǿ֮ս
ҫͷԵǹҰĵĶӣ϶ֿˣķֱŰҫ
һԵСεķŰۣϵЦҲȰ٣仰Ѿȥ˵ʮˣҫǹŴҵģ£
ֺǺǵͷС˵ǣӵĹͣΪеˣ
ŰС˵ĴΣҲǺյĺܣǹٵа룬ҫǵ׶ӣ޹˼ɵܿ϶Ŵǡ
˶еܲʱĽȻЦһߣڵ׼ҹ׼ĸȽаٺúñҫòãǻҪأҫ˵ˣĴгкǾͿֱӹˣõʱŶ
һǰСҲΣһԼΣ漴˫ĿһֱŲԶǸ߸һЦ߰ɣҲǸи˶ˣ
һ䣬׵ֱĽѦ˾ͽ졢ԯܡ졢˽֮ͨ۷ǿߡ
֮İСŶӣҫ˽ҲǽŰĵ˵󼲷ɶǰ˴󳬼е뻯Լ뻯۷֮ĸ֣ʮˡ
ҲǰźõģЩħ˿µͽӸ޼£Ͼʵϲ̫ˣͽ羫룬˴󳬼е뻯ϵľּһ𣬶չǿ
ĴӦιԼа̳ȻջֻҪ֧ŵԼأôа̳δزƣ뻯ɵԺɨˣûħ޸µаδܵ
ʮʱͣסΣĵ˽߼ԯϣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷǰӡͣһööɫӡɳƽǰϡ
ŽɫӡųһѶͼ֮ǰĿռʱû·һѣͣɢûһֱѵԶķʧߡ
аû˶ôǳ󣬼ֱûϹ󣬻˷Ѱԯܰ̾һ£ҡͷֹ
ҲһЦҪаоͨ󷨵ĸ֣Ǽñǳ֮⣬ҪѾĵȥԼͻϮ裬Ǹа׼ʱ䣬Ѿǲеˣ˶ڰأ
ٴζֱȥ˽ӽԶʱıͻȻ֮ԲԲڷɳħޣ·ȳħǵصѹˣƵǺޱȡ
ۼհħϮĿһ˫Ŀ΢΢Цһڵ׼
Ļ֮ʣ˶Сȡһ״ķУеһǸ֣һ˰˽ȥ滹һ״ƬϿҲǹŹֵĺܡ
ʱͷϵħ޺вͣѹ£˫Ŀһϵİ֣һһŤֻдһ΢춯ܣĳξ״Ƭɢεɫâһһ֮𣬶еİݴҲһ⡣
ûãеĳξ״Ƭȫеİݴ͵һɫɫޱȣҹеǣųĹħ֮С
漴һĻϮķʮɫħ֮󣬼֮ڵħ޸ڻ˵УյЩħʹвֹգ֮䣬˱ϯ˷Բǧ׵ľ룬㺭֮ħޣЩħͳͳճ˽̿ŵ׹䡣
񶼿ƼۼԼĻѧ淢װãһֽ˻ѧ洢ǰҫʮ档
ʮɫõ˰ҫ˳ɵĹۼ֮ÿһŹС֮ȫһҲѹлôֲĹԼΧֻֻһԵĹһξûˡ
һ֮ҲΪе𾪣ϧֻһΣ˽ָ˻ȥ֮һħ޾ҪñʵȥӦˣǣ˲ɷ˵ֱӳʣħ޳ȥ
ЩħƺҲɱ¾˳ȥһ˲еļս˲䱬һ񣬽ֻһ棬˽ħޣħûƽ˴֮ʵࡣ
ʱħ޵Ϸ׸߿֮ϣа˫ʹаϻĳoκƣԼа𣬻ϰ뻯֣ôͷ°ĵɱħޡ
Щħûд˵еôǿü˵
һԵЦ΢΢һЦڵħ޿ֲĵطܹܹħֽκתħֻҪʱ䣬ⷽе鶼ħȡ֮ߡһҲҪһħǿȻһһԽԽǿֻǡ
Ե˵ͷɨһȦΧ˵Ƕųô
Ц˵ͷЦһһƽǶȥԼĶȥˣ
ڶ˽̸һ˲䣬·ħѾĵ˸ɱˣ̧ͷһ𣬹˹ָЦЩС䶼군ˣڵˣҹһս
ߣȻǲ֪ȻǱȫǣһҲϻаڶֱ¡
ҲЦһֱϣ˫Ϊһգ֮Զײһ⻭Ŀ˫αȻǲݵľ棬һսʽչ
˵ʱ򣬰ҫŵֻϹӦǸе֧Ԯˣֻȴûаʱ֣ǲǲǷϾȻЩħûǣΪϹʮ޵ǣҲֻ޿סǡ
ʱħԳԵһͷǧɵĺɫӴ󣬱ħԳҪӴħԳס䶯ãͷ­ѪڳűħԳҧȥƺҪ븹С
ħԳ˫һţסչͬʱϵֹסɢҪУҲһͬҲ뽫ħԳѹ£Ϲʮ֮һʴ
һǳУƷƱһ˿ƣЩ˿ͣƾƷƱûа취ŪϣͣЩ˿ɵɫմ˶ҺҴɫϿͣ΢Ⱦһ㶼ܽ˲䶾С
Զһֻ֩ϰٱľʶ룬ƷƱ񣬶;޴ʹӡ˸ųףīͣ˿ƷƱֻʶϹʮ֮һ
ͬʱĳ֮Уضڲͣ·ʮ𱬷ǰ㣬Χķ¥ͣĵҧݺݵĵǰͷħ
ħ;޴ϻʮ֮ǶҪһţ˫ͫһһͬػ֮ɫɢʵӫ⣬һˡ
ħ˫צһĵ棬ܵ͵Ĵ̳һʯǷȥħ˲ͷצһĽݺݵĵڵأѹһĿĵӣͷħϹʮ֮һĵڤ
ҲһֻϹޣһͷ޴꣬ʱ۳ˮ棬ˮԴͣתѹĺҲǲϵķâǹȴˮ첻˿˺ûͷϹʮ֮һˮ
ҫźõֻܵаֻ޵ʱԮ˰ˣа̳ڵһǲаȫƽһڽâ
һʱֻһʱˣȱƽĽâҪ˶ú


ʮ аƷ⣡һʱ
ʱⳡΧаľսѾ뵽˰Ȼĳ̶ȣɰĴİ˴󳬼ĸ֣аǿľ֣˫ݱ춯ء
ֱа񸱵˫ֹУ˭ûκε˭˫һԺ䣬ԣ˵ƾͬʱɳϰ׵ľ룬뾣֮ʵ΢΢ǹΪǾΪ඼ֻ˿֮䣬һʱỹѷָ¡
ʵʱ䣬ȴԼߵƹضߵȵǰҫֻҪҫ˳ƹأʮʥȼȻܹɨķ
ھߵȵȻǳ޼ˣҫһаʱȻ޼׾ٵĻܣ˭뵽ڰҫھȻƷɵwoνҪĹͷ˰ҫǰѳ޼ӡˡ
һĹ⾰ԭӡų޼ʮŵwoνֻʣһûƿˣֻҪ޼ƿһʱа£ǰЩȻһˡ
˵Ӿ߻ռϷģǴڣ˵ȴޱȣажٸִڰǰ̵뻯ֱ֣ײһ㣬һһĸ֧Ԯ
Ȼֻôĵ˳ƽ뻯ĸֱ֣ɱ֮һ㣬ԴԴϵĴмɶս֣ԭʽõİһʼûռݾԵϷ磬ڼڲ֪гֱ
Щ˲ԾûϢСֳ䡯һа뻯֮ĸָҵѪˣһ˫ĿֱŲԶڲϷɳа֣˵
նû£ûкҲûǻˡ˦һö䴩һа뻯ڸֵͷ­˵ͷ˵
һԵ˵ͷ˵аʲôַȥѾаָ˻ʬܣսһƶǺܲ
С΢΢һ㶣漴ҡͷЦڵֻ߾ƲĴ޿Ҳָˣ֮ǰô򷨟o̽һ£ǶиԵĶֻ֣Ϲסǣ
üţаתڤħ׽ҫһֻӦˮ꣬ڤħʴɣԭаҲһ֣Сˣǿǲأ
С΢΢һЦļ΢ЦҫѾĺܺˣôϱʵǽĺأİɣҫԺ󣬱ȻܹеҪŶԣ
΢΢һ㶣漴ϲЦտżᶨƵ˵ͷһ˵˵ǣҫûʧҲԲᡣ
ôǾôСôãɱǣСӸϵ֮󣬸һϲɣ
ǳͻأĳ˵Ķߣ߶ʱʧɫüЦаа޼ƿһwoνƷˡ
ڻ֮ʣ͵һһӣһīĹĻڲһ·ѵĴ죬޼Ӱ˵ڤħ֮ϡ
ֻ˫ָͷ·ˣ˫ĿһƬڣȻûͫĿ֮˽ͷüǶޱȵ˫Ŀ˲
˵ǻᣬһʱһʱʱ䣬ʱֻὫˣɱһʱҫĻôϵʱҲֻüʬˣ޼ͷ˵Ȼƽǹɱ⵱ǣз
ߣ޼ĸУ
ĵͺһӰ˲ΣԭߴɵıӰʮңڱӰ֮ϻһεɫףӰԵøƸͺˡ
Ӱ֮󣬾澭̱ת˼£ֱϾԪ漴һԳڳ޼ǰһ˳ƺ缲磬籼ףεɫӡ·Ҫǰռ䶼ˣΧĿռ䶼ƾѹۺۣһƵǿֲ
ؼڤռɱС̩Ǭ
⾪춯صһƣ޼ģֻ̧һָڰĵģ⿴ƽƽһֱָ۸˸飬ͬʱǱӰֱҲӦ飬˵ָ˳ȥѪɳϰײ쳣ǱסΡ
ǰǵ£ǽʱͬգǵأ޽ɵѾһȥˣǱʱⷽغϸɱƣ޼ջָŰ˵
һԭУǱ䱬ֱۿɼٶȽ޸ǶݺݵĶų޼˵֪нյ㣬ӦƷһ㣬ҾȻΪ飬ϹҵĹۣ
޼΢΢һЦڻţոһָ㹻Ҫ˵͵㵱Ǹˡ
ĳЦһЦڵ׳գ֮ͨǲҵҵԪӡҲûԭΪһ㲻˰ɣ
ô˵޼ЦݸˣЦëȻĸо޼ЦֻԶԣҪ֪ľΪǻ컯֮а취пӡµԪأô㻹ǲô
һ˲ʧɫ˫ĿɵĹԲûνľΪӳ񾳿ʼѾ漰֮еĸ񾳵뻯Ŀռ֮ԭһ׶εľΪ컯֮ʲôأ
ֻѯʴﵽһ㾳ˣ֮ǰǶû⣬ƷĪƶﵽһ㣬˾࣬ȻҲû˼ȥЩ޼ô˵Ǿһ亹
޼֮ʣͻȻһȦȦɫͻȻ͵һ޼ƣ޼һü⣬ڹԼһ˲䣬еԼãסˣ޼ͷȥԭ·ԯʩչĳ󷨣ס
޼Ǭ跨ʥħ󣡡
ǧһ֮ʣ޼͵ĶߴʮҵıӰɫӰĽģֳֻ߳߱泤һƺһıâкһǰ񲻿ɵƿޱȣıâѸײڶ֮Ƴų޼ȥ
潣ռɱСo˪ѩo
ұɫӰģֻ˫ֽӡһ۳һöµĻģ漴˫˳ƺʽȻ򵥣Ǿȴǿֲޱȣƾ쳣ңܵĿռ䶼ǹɿ񱩵ĻյŤ˷·Ϊһصŭǣֱĺ޼
ʥռɱСʥӡ
ڳ޼ǰһɫıӰ̧һȭ޼һȭ֮дһּ׺Ļ磬ֻþ춯ݣȭļѹѾΧռһѺۣ֪ȭǺεȵĿֲʽʵ޻ȴǿֲףӰ˾ͽġ
ԯͨ쾢ʮ춥幦oȭ𣡡
ڳ޼һ𴿰ɫıӰӰѦģһƤЦϰԣ̧һָȥͶǻƳգһּĿĸоָâƽƽ棬ȴ޷ܣ޷ӵ֮Уôֱֱ޼ͷ­
ָͨռɱСƶϣ
˵ĹͬʱȺȻѾϼƺˣӹƵ˵κһ˵Ĺǿֲ󣬿ɳ޼ģʱ򣬻ҪԵ٩λǰǿűɳģ湻ݵġ
һ䣬ֻ޼һ𣬽ϵĽɫ飬·ԯ͵ĿȳһѪǱ޼ǿˡ
޼Ҳԯܣһ֣ɵɨ˵Ĺƣ̧֮һƺһƾȻͬʱ˵ǰ漴һ죬Ӱǳͻأĵ˳ȥұӰʼѣ·һĿɿڴ
һʱոֻȥ˶ʱ䣬޼Ѿ֮ͨôܳŶأ


ʮ ᣡаˣ
޼аааȨߣʵ֪Ĳ࣬Ϊٳֵֵ֣֮Ҳһ֮
ᵽλаǿ赭дͬʱ۷֣ⱲӶûм޼ʵҲƷĪǸġ
ʱڰĵ֮ʱҲͲŹȥϢĹѣ޼˵һʱϳһξ룬Ѿ˱޼ʵŵòҷˣһ֮⣬˵λĸ˽硣
ʵ֮֮ͬǰûгʱΪʱ̫ʣĽʶˣȻĬ޼䣬ԼȥţǴ޼ս֮ʱ䲻ػҲĽ˰õġ
ǵ쿴޼һ֮ǱŵֵûˣŵĴԭذλزǹ˽磬Ѿŵɪɪ
޼ͷƳһ˽磬һǰ⣬΢΢һЦڵܸܵеǹɾ⣬֪Ҳ֪֮󷢴ȱһأٸһι˳аĻᣬ죬ӦǸʶʱˣɲҪñʧ
ңҡ
Ͱ͵˵龪ޱȣ£治֪ѡ񣬹˳аôȻܣµȴֻĸ֣ҲֻǹӲдһʱˣɵӣаر·ôٵ
ǲ˳Ļ˳޼֣֮̾ոճ޼ĻҲˣ컯֮ⷽǿ֮ˣʲô˭Ҳ˵ҪнԪӡĨôνĲֻ֮һЦˣ޼ܻɱ
岻ʱһԵĹ˽̾͹һĹ֮ɫææ˵Ը齵а´󷢴ȱĹһԸΪаţǣ
˽ľٶʧɫ쳣㵵ĿҪ֪˽˵ĹһĹ壬ϵƲĵǸɸɾﻢˡ
ؿ޼ֻ˵ͷڵ˵һһԸ˳֮٣׷һͲаʥ֮λȥɣ
˽ɴ⣬Լһŵ뻯֣һĵҲһ̾ɵ˹˽ߣһͬɵ˵ӪУҲǳ΢΢һЦ˵ͷʾѺãֻ֮ȴһ˿Բɱ⡣
ˣ죬ľʲôظɣ޼ע죬ڵ
ǳ̾һų޼ʩһһӣͻȻ֣һֱ޼ţּֿ籼ףͻһƣа˾һƬ
ɾǸոշӦҪȥ޼ʱֻ˫Ŀһ͹һֱӴ͸˳޼壬ǰõӰֻǳ޼ƶʱµĲӰϢĳ
ȻڶͻȻһɫ˱Щ̵ǧٿףѪϵıɫʧ֮׹£ȴӲ֧ûе¡
޲ɼΪǺ֪Ϊβ޼Ҳ죬ʵ
Ҳ֪ոһ˲ҺȻĳ˵һ仰Ըվϥа¸һʹɣеѪͣЦ
޼֮˵ͷڵǸӣĺʹ࣬˵һʱʳԣһʱúø½԰ɣ
˵꣬޼Ҳ죬һֱӳǧʥǰ޼ɫһڵΪҪѱпǷ
ǧʥ˵ûпǷңҺܺãֻԼ׷󣬶£ɱôˣҪ˵ϵĶҲӦûˣԼѡԺĵ·Ǹ
޼Ǹ߸߹ָָ˵ķ򣬵Ц׷ǣ
ǧʥ˵ͷûӦ޼Ѿ˵ǰֻǸ߸𣬿ڵҲǻᣬȺС֮ţµһһܼǵκһˣֻҪǿϹ˳ڱӦǣǰ˽аµľʥȨֻڱ븱֮¡
һаһ˽ǻȻһƬһЩСֹ˺εºûʸĻ֮Ľʺ޼һǲ
Ҫ֪аУʥһְǿʵȨģȨڸѣ˫ʹҲܲǣǵֱ£λȨأǾЩа˶첻ְλʱ޼ȴƽˣô
ұ죬ҪǲȥЩСսҽѵǶаµİʲôô
һһ仰ŵû˸˽ˣԳ޼İ飬˭ңû˸ңҵ˶ˣҪǱˣǵ˰˱Ѫùˣֳʱѻȸ쳣İ
ˣڳ޼֮һֵе㶣㿴ңҿ㣬߼ϣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷתͷ޼Це˵ʥоˣոһְλǸŮˣϰҫ񲻹Ŷ
޼ʱЦԵúֻͣɵǰü΢ЦģðˣΪ㽫Ǳķˣһ֮֮ϵĴڡ
޼⻰˶˵ˣ˽ǴʧɫûòǻļǣǸ˶֪ҫѾˣǰҫӣΪаƹ߲֪ܲ
ɼʹȻҪΪķˣаĵһˣ޼ҲǱǾ˫òԵˣƺ޷԰εļôѾɹ׵£󵨵ı¶⡣
գգۣȻЦתͷٵڰбЦǺݺݵĵһۣ漴תͷ޼û˵ῪЦҿǰҫŶͽ֪˰ɣа£ѵǹϷˣҲɣ
ǵ򵥣ɱ˰ҫͳˣɫŮֻбϣ˿ûʸõ㣡޼΢Ц˵
֮ʣһ̧־öֱ޼˫ȥǺ˼㣬ķ·ҪγѪɫԿǶŭΪ޼˵ҪɱҫԲ鷢
Ҫɱҫ磬ҿˮˣ˸ɴ࣡һ˵˫ַ趯֮âƿ籩һ޼
޼ȴ˿δôվϴ΢ЦһööֻЩȻ磬ϴͣڳ޼ǰһɶԶûٽֺ
ƺ֪ᷢһĻҲȣֻ˫һ˫ͬʱһöͬʱ˫һ쳣͵ɨͱ仯˹켣Ѱöĸ׽
Ҫ磬Щ޼סıͳͳңöЩҵİ֮УǳɵĶЩ⵽谭޼һʱҲе㿴ۣʱöȻĽ
绨ѩ¡ľºϓġ°䣡
ǧһ֮ʣ޼ƺӦʲôһӣöץУ漴ЦеĿڵʵ˲ٰʵķˡ
ȷôҵİûϵôҲ΢Ц
֮ʣ޼ϵö͵ıըҵĻ⽫޼ɣϯԲڵգɱըǹֲģԭößo˪۳İԻֵģû뵽ڳ޼ϻóɹ
Ҳ࿴һǹɱըתͷָУһ˵磬Ǹмɼɱ
ָһڵɰɣ
˵ͷڵʼɣ
ʱɢȥ޼ĳ˵С


ʮ wνʮɱ
ȤĶôСĶȻôıըôģ޼ȻһЦʵ
֮ǰǹɱըԽһ뻯ҵĸըΪĻܲͨĻҩðҫľ𾢽еĳۼȻǼ֮жײȼ
ԭ͵ͬڹмˮҫľ𾢳ۼ֮󣬼һo˪ĺ䱬ըԭеĻʮ
ɼʹܽ뻯ڸըıըȴκβó޼ֺͷû˵̫ǿˣǿһ޷ĳ̶ȡ
ʱվԼķλγһַǳվλ޼һü⣬Ǹ߸߹Це˼
һ䣬޼һǰҲţݵȥһΧͬжʼս޼Χĵ㣬ɺΧ֮Ʊһľ롣
֮󣬳޼۳ĸȴʼѲ˵ĺΧԼķӦˣе˵Ķ⵹еһ˿ɻԼľΪӦӦԶ˲ŶԣȻˣ涼ˡ
жˣ
޼΢΢ü漴ڰҫ˵鱨ʹʵӡʱҲ쳣Ĺע涾ĴʦĹ趼УĶӰ쵽ԼǲòĿ࿴
޼ʱҲǳ΢΢һЦ޼Цŵ˵ͷ漴һڵ֮л͸ڴʱҶѾ˳޼
˫Ŀһһڹϣ޼Ҷƥӥצݺݵץ޼ĺ󾱣ϵ޷죬ðڱʱͣܶס޼Ҷķһ˴֮Ĭԡ
ϧǣԵǳ޼˿϶Ҫ⵽شɳ޼ȴںڹİУһƺݺݵĺϣ漴һһߣһֱҶĵıš
˾ôһǰһı˳ȥʱͬʱɫһ䣬ָֻ֮˹⵽޼ҶȴûһصԼλá
һĻ˶ˣ˵İĵ˶һĿɿڴҪ֪޼һƣܹΪ۷֣Ҷֻ뻯۷ΪȴӲǳûʲôˣֱǲֵܳ顣
ԶУÿ˶һĪı飬ǽüͷôǵվλӦĳ󷨲Ŷԣɼʹ󷨣Ҳ׵ĳ£Եôģ
һԵЦ磬ǰһ΢ЦӦĳǰ˽һ𣬽ľɰ̯һΪˣһĹȻܹܵ˵ĹܳܵôǵĹǷҲһأ
Ц绰ո£˱չһֵĹƣЦ˵ǰ㣬ͨ󷨽ÿ˵һ𣬹ؼ汸һȥ޼һаˣʵڶԸһˡ
Ϊǰ󷨵¾һˣһ˰˹һĳǿߣ֮Ҳܶӵл컯֮ĳ޼
ǳָеֱʣ֮Ϊʮɱϱѧ󷨣Լе󷨣Ƴ³£辶Ӷһֳǿ󷨣ܻδ֣ڻֻǳˡ
Ҫ֪ԯҲ˵Ȩ⵽عĳͷΪǴΪܴⷽصĹƣԣع򽫻ų⡣
ʱչֻβڳ˶һ˽üͷһ壬֪ŹֵʲôҲ뵽һˣǸ˵ĳ
޼ɫҲ֪ʲôľٶΪƣ˺˵ɱ⣬ΪŴЩķ£Ʒ
ʧ֮ڳ޼ǰȶʮ͵һޱȵľͽââʵޱȣϢ쳣ͻأͷѸʮѾ˳޼е·޴ӣҾ޼ǷҪӲӲˡ
oָռɱСwoν
ʮwoνѸײڶ֮ƣ޼üͷ΢壬˫ȻתʮȻй켣ʼ໥Ž໥ʱıͣĳų޼ɫԽԽѿ
wνoָһؽУҪoָ󽣼飬ͬʱҲҪﵽfλĲΣ֮ͨշ֮νwָĲ壬壬ǿռ䣬ƿնؾ硣
һؾΪ֮ɱɱԽ࣬۵ԽǿԽ󡣵ڶؾΪȻ֮ԻľֵͬԴ߶ǿˡؾΪo֮ƿնȻǸʤһ
ؾΪƼ֮Ψһһ򷨣Կٵصһ򷨹ԴﻯƷﵽľ磬ֻһһwνɱǾԲɢԼƣѾ⽣Ϊ־һ֡
ȻͬʽڲͬϣᷢӳͬͬwνƷʩչûǸ½жжҲֻжһѣʮûǸж
wνôʩչƶ˲ֹһǰ㣬ʵ޼ķӲĽģڽʱǹļ½뷨Ǵ˽Ĺ켣ɱ佣ƺȴ˵
û޼ˣȻֻѪӿСˣԺԲƣǣĵ˶飬˸ˣڽըУɫҰüͷĳ޼ڳ˽ǵһ
Цᵽģ˵ഫݵһϣĹȻǿֲĺˣȻʮɱĿֲڲŸոտʼѡ
ڣ׼ã
޼wνıըʱָбȻһȣҲһᣬָͬʱӡӿգ֮䣬ӡɣͬʱӡգ˻¶ʱһھ֮ϡ
ʮأɱɱɱʥɱ顢ɱʮɱ󣡡
ָ˻ߵĺ漴ǰ˵쳣ҫ̵ۣΧ˶е˫ۣת˲乴һžͽɫͼͼһ֣ĽɫĻΪһϸܵĽɫߣ·ĳ޼
ʱĳ޼ŸոͻƽıըȴֱĽɫηԶľһãаҪǰԮȴعİĵסֻĿų޼ǽɫֱɫͼһݺڡ
Ȼһ죬ǽҫ۵Ҫ˴Ϲ˫Ŀĳ̶ȣͬʱһѪɫ쳣ήңҲ貵Ľ⣬תͷָУֺߵ״̬Լ࣬Ǵûн٣вɵһ
ֵǣ˵ָзеһ̣ǴӦýˣָڻúõģǴӰӶûпָҲˣͻȻʲô͵תͷһԵԯܣҲǳ̾һе㲻̫ҿָС
󷨲㲻ˣ
޼Ļ˵Ķߣ˶һֻ֮һ޿ƥеΰⴵɢ֮һֱϣ֮ϵĽɫͼķ顣
һӣ޼γǰֻһһأٴһѪÿ˵ǰһðź̵ӡ˱ɶϰ֮Զ
⼸Сͦͣ͵ĺܣǲϽҪץǻȥϴ䣬Ϊá޼űԼɵˣЦ
ͬʱ˲칬Źɽ̨ʯڣһɫʯҳ˷ȥһӣͻȻֹ·ʱ䵹һӿʯڣգۼԵβ档
ҫʯֻ߳һɫüͷǻ֮᲻̫˵㣡


ʮ ʮħ뼰ʱϵ
ҫվʯ⣬ԵеãȻ˫̧ȭ漴̾ϢһҡҡͷʱһֻɫСɵҫļϣǼСŰҫգ쳣ԴŰҫղͣš
ҫ΢΢һЦ̧ɫСԴϸɫСͷϵĺɫѾǴĺɫһɫ⣬˫ͫҲһһ࣬˫ɫͫµĽɫԵø͸忴ȥʵѤĺܣֻɫСϹʮ֮һĳ׽
ˣС߰ɣǵȼˣҫһ΢ЦżϵĽɫС񣬿ڵ
ϣ
׽һҡһ䣬գ֮ͱ˰ٱһֻɶߵĽɫ֮תͷҫٴһ΢΢תתͷ
ڿıڿϴҷҫ˫Ŀ˸ʮǣͲûˣ˷ܵ˵
ϣ
ֻ׽һƺе㲻ͷӣҫԼĵУĵͿһڵǣ˲ƲǸһ𣿡
ϣ
˵ееƣ
ҫĵͷ鿴ȥǺ࣬˫۾ȴʮ״ģҫһԾ׽֮󣬳׽˫͵һչŰҫΪһ⣬ա
Ĺ򣬳׽ŰҫΧһϿգϴһԼصڳ֮Уҫͷȥڤݱɿ
ͷʱܶԺ䣬ʯ̷ײʱⲫһצҧһڣѱǻٵһͿʵֻ޶ûս̬ƻҪٱ
ڤڿƣĿԣλ֮ʱҫһŲڵڤͷ­ϣѹڵأڤ⵽ҫͻϮƺܲҪͷ­̧Ȼҫһ
޴ﵽķϣѾˣ˲ܿ仯⣬˼ģʽ˼άѾǳˣ˲ͷѹڵأ裬ΪϹޣǵľԲ鷢
ԷǱȻģֻϧڵڤͷϵǰҫҲ֪ҫʲôֶΣ滺͸Ȼûս̬ȵ̬Ҳǳ׽ƽƳǰ̬
գ֮䣬ڤѾҫѹһֻ̣һּΪԹŰҫǳŰҫ˷ܵĺ̬ɵҫű߲ͣĲ䰡䡣
ҫ΢΢һЦǵͷ­漴˸ָڵͷȰǽɣ
֮󣬰ҫ̷ַͬӡʴˮֻ꣬Ϲȫ̬Ƴһͼȫͼ֮С
ַӡַǰҫڱչصʱ򵽵ģһԼ󷨣ȡʮħڵʮ֮ԭԼһָ߽׵󷨣ںһȥһЩϵ覴ãһЩԼĹ룬Ȼʮħ
ǰҫרķӡ󷨣Ϊ󷨵ĺʮ棬ⷽҲֻаҫһ˰Ѿ񹦵ʮʥ𾳽ˣﵽĵȼΨһ֮һ󷨵ֻаҫת˸ˡ
ǰҫһηרԼķӡ󷨣Ч治зǳ⡣ʵҫ֪ǣ֪ҫƵķӡֻޣ°Ͷõˤ顣
Ҫ֪ϹޣҲֻʮֻѣ޵ƣ˵ǧ꣬˵ޣʵѾﵽ֮ʵˮ׼˫սʱռƣʤ
Ҳ˵֮۷ǿߣҲ͸޴ƽ֣Ҫɱ߷ӡǱҪϵֺ֮ɡ
ҫʵжǿˣҪ֪һֻ֮޷ӡҴֻ̬޸ʰķ
֮ҫֻ֪ͨ޳ʴ⣬ֻֻǾ֮ȭģڰҫϣǱӻԡ
ҲʱƣοǲޣҫǿôǾûлȨҪ֪ΨһȲľǲǲģǵԪûӡԴ֮Уǿֱɱģ԰ҫôܲ¸߰ͷ­
ˣССħԳǾĸǱߵһѾͷˣǾʹ˳ʮ⣬ҸǼһսᲨǵģô
ʱڰҫǰǳ׽ǡħԳҫԸڣȻҪ֮󣬶Գ޼ҫôֻҲû裬ֻʾСĶѣҫҲ΢Цͷȥ
ʱĵ޼սѾӽβҲö˵ʲô޼һ֮޵֮ˣ׻ĵˣ⵱ڹ˽ѱ֮ûһͶģȫ޼ĵס
߻뻯ƢԹڸңȻֱӱų޼ԱҪ޼ըû˵޼֣Ҳǰˣ޼ǿڳ˽޲ߡ
ʵָеľʮɱδزʰ޼ֻϧ˲ʱ򣬻ȱһˣǰҫʮɱĲʽǾϲ󣬰Ҳܳɹֻϻ١
Ҫⲿ󷨱ԯֽܶţȫ汬ʱ򣬲תһͽˣӲ֮һͱ޼ƽˣָҲ˼һȻᱻǴɱ
ڣĵ˾ۼһֱų޼ήңÿ˻ٶһ̶ȵˣص졢ԯܶѾԣҲĵˣҲأսû̫Ӱ졣
ɼ޼ˣǰ˿ǳ޼̫ͣû֡߰ĵ˿ǵʶҲû֣ЩˣҪһʱĳŵǰ¶Ѿˡ
һʱô޹ؽҪ˿ȥˣµ˾͸߰ɣڰҫԵһˣ޼һ΢Ц
޼ո֮ʣֻ˫Ȼ̧һĳһǰĵ˷·̩ɽѹһ㣬ʱһֻͣû׹䣬·ǳ޼Ϊ֮ǰ˽µĿռסƺҪ˵ɼıݺ顣
ʱʵĸߵ;һţʵߵĵˣֻҧгݵĿ֧ţȻǱҲܱסʵ˾ֱӱΰѹɲˣ˴󳬼˶ٶеˣֳֻʣʮ˻š
ų޼˫ƵѹȥʱĵҲ˫ֵѹ£еǳĳĸ޼˫ձڳ޼޼ɵϷˣǵʱ򣬰ҫǳͻأĳڰĵ˵ǰֻһӣ˵ѹһӾʧӰ١
ҫĵܣĸ磩ҫ
к𣬰ҫļʱϵ˷·һŶƵģԳ޼Ƿݿ־һӾ˺ܶ࣬ҫֵһ˲䣬޼˫üûˣôüһԲĶŰҫ㲻š
ҫע˳޼ã漴һЦһȴתͷ΢΢һЦڵǸˣ¾ͽҰɣָ˰ɣ
һ䣬ҫ˫Ŀһһһ㶣Ժг˰ҫǵĵλãҲɷ׷׺ˡ
ҫ磬СģνɽڲûգӦ׵ģĿ˰ҫһۣڵ
ҫǸ߸߹𣬳ԴɵѾͷзִģȥɣԹԵĵһ
Űҫǳŵһ漴ϲЦտӦһĵ˷ٺ󳷣ǳʱ򣬳޼ûڣǾѾˣҫĳеŭ񱬷κӵôǣǷǱɵġ
ߣҫ㲻Ϊƾһ˾ܶԸȫɣˣҲ̫ˣһڵ
²Ҿһȫˣʲôô


ʮ ַɱ
ôС໹ǵһμ£ⲻ֪ߵغСΣ˵аϻƹֻ߳һڰҫǰʮ⣬ֱҫ
аϻᣬаһɼǿķ֧ϻÿ˶ӵг֮λ֮λûʲôʵȨȴʤңڣûʲôΣһЩ̫ϲɱ¾ϲˣǿϻᡣ
ⳤϻȻ࣬ҲͶʮˣʮսȴǿĿֲΪְ֮ˣҲ뻯ǰڵľ֣ǿһȻǳˣҲа֮۷֮һ
СƽľΪЩ츳ͲӢ۷ڵˣȻ˵Ҫһ֮սУǾ࿴ûǸ°ɣͷͦأֻ۽ǵȥҫǸǰĿԣ˿ҫڡ
ҫԴǰĳ漴˵ͷڵõģ
һ䣬ҫʧڳǰ͵һҫηǳͻأĳ漴̧ץĺ󾱡
о仯δתѾݺݵ˳ȥһȴ˸գҫת˲֮ڳǰǰһץס˳š
Ҫɲ֪ҫʲôֶΣȻãԭû⵹ǰŵĹǺĲ
ôϼһҵʵӦ㹻˵Ϊ˰ɣһ䣬ҫҲӦʱ䣬͵ӿһɺ˵𾢣ɣҺ㱻ҫ𾢸ճ˷ɻҡ
һĻѾ˶סˣⳤ֮ΪȻǲһʱ޸ǰҫ׵ľʵԽܣһҲֻڳ޼ϲŻᷢ
Ϊ㵵Ļ֮ǰҫ𾢣֪ʲôŰҫʮʥѾﵽȼʮʥ𹫷ĸȼֱϡࡢף𾢴ﵽ棬ôԼδػĶ֡
ҫ֣ˣȻһЦڵɵվˣǳսһϣʼжɣҿûʱϹģ
΢΢ü϶Ųһʱ䣬Ҳãʶľȥҫս˭֪һԵЦȴ͵͵Ĵ£ҵĽ黹һϰɣҫѾǳӽˣĻĶֵģʱǺܶҡҵĵģ
ԲɫƳһۣԶһԲĳ޼ɽüͷվԭأԴӰҫֺ޼ԵúܳĬ԰ҫǲܲʣôһվԭأͺ˼ʲô
ҫҲܳ޼ĴڣֻԾˣⳡаĶԹոи˶ϵģаĳˣаھȽа˵
ڳ޼Ҳ˵Ҳ֣㵹е㲻ǳ޼磬ҫƺ˶ԷΪʲôôƺ׼ʲô
ؿǰҫ֮ۼ岻ҫҲ˵ʲôһܸ߸Ծ˫Ƶ̩ɽѹ֮ƺݺ䣬۶âԭ۳ĵâҪǿǧ򱶲ֹʮâٿն䣬ӦĸպǷӦֱӾͱɫâ˷ɻң赲һ¶ܡ

ھ˱ܿҫ֮󣬸ոհҫһʮ뻯ڵ۷ҵǿ߱ɱʹѣǱ㳯˫ʹԼκʹ˸ɫ˱ʾףžһԺΧ֮Ƴҫ
һϵǾֻ˫һʱһƬĹƻӰڰҫǰNǹᡢӫɲľӸͬĽǶȺҫֻգ֮侣УľͬʱʩչûаˮһƬƺòˡ
ɲ񹦡ľϓأ
£ԽʱյңĴǳʽƲôҫĿ䣬ɭ˿ɾǿкԼϣֲɢʱʧɫԼһѾϰ˳ɹ֮ǿԺ䴩һɽǶ԰ҫȴ첻һ˿һ˺ô
ҫһһ͵һ𣬲ɳ׿⣬𾢸˫ۣ֮Ҫ⣬ȴֺȻķ֣ӵмֲԣһʱȻⲻˣҫѾһ˿⡣
ʱаڶۼ𱻰ҫɽһ㶣Щ뻯ĸֶѾǰˣæסҪҫ뷨ʼߵĴ㣬а˫ʹԼκ΢΢һ㶶԰ҫʵе𾪡
һĪͻƵ컯֮˰ɣЦкԥ֮ǰһĻеһ˿֡
ʵжǿаоԳ޼һµĵڶǿԼҪѷһɼʹȴɱҫ׾ٵĸ˳ȥĹҫһͷû˵ôҫʵԼ˻ӦôҲûס
ۼ⼸嵽һַŻٶȣҫûķ˷ۣ˵޵࣬ˣŵòԶֺˣ
һ䣬ûȾ˻ع񣬰ҫѾаǰаС֮ľ֣а֮ƣȻλȨʵ֮ȻνʵҲҪ˭ȣʱİҫʵġ
ڰҫ֮֮߷Ӧ죬ֻһŤգ֮ѾƵҫֹҫǰһ
ҲԭעԼ˫֮ϣ˫ֳצݺݵĿҫļ󾱣ֶֺǿ磬Ҫһ֮½ҫŵ
Ϊһ°ҫ֮ʱȴ¶һЦݣֻҫ˫һŲǹľ磬˲㽫߸׷
ߴ󾪣ҪٴʩչѰҫľ磬ȴȫûѣһӣǰһƬ浶âϮкһʰƺ˵Ըӣת˲֮㽫߳ɣâһԣû¡
죡
һĻ߻궼㱻ŷɳһٺ󳷣Ҫҫ룬ֻǵθն֮ʣҫҲˣ˻ΪһӰڱ
Ⱪ֪Լ㲻ȥˣһһҧӰ۳ʮɹתת¾תĳ̶ȣɲǼֻӿâ䣬ƺòˡ
ҫҲ۹뱾Ӱʱ䣬漴һصĺڱߵıģʮ˲ΪһŭǰֱӴ͸˱ߣɢ˱ߵһıӰĻҷŭ˳һԣҲⱩ߸Գ˷ɻҡ
ơɽ
аֻʣȪߣʱѾŵɪɪܶˣҫǰ֮ʱ߾Ȼһûڵҫģһʱ˵
ҫĿһۣҲְ̧סȪߵ飬𾢷£ÿһ缡ǣһĹ򣬻Ȫ
ҫ޼ɵɱѾаЩ뻯ŷˣɸǾǣҫĪץգһУĿŹڰҫġ
ҫһһѿռ䣬֮еĿŹҪպϵѷڣٶĪҲЦһ΢Цʵʲô
Ŷ㿴ûʲô۷֣ȻˣԪӡǻǻеԭͨⷽеԴǵ
ҸոֻǽǵԴռˣֻڿռȻûɨǵԴӦܵİɣвֹԴ֮ǰǸͷʲôţҫһͷһ߿Ц㶵˵
ҫ䣬Ща뻯ĸ֣һŤͷܣһԥģ׷׽Լת˼ޣжܶ죬⵱оȻПoĹκơ


ʮ Ц磡ɲ
֪֮ͨǿһ쳣̬ԣǾǲ𣬼ʹ٣ӡԴ֮еԪӡǣҲеԭͨԴ
Դÿ˵ڣҲţ޼ѰȻⷽûʲôǾԵģֻûҵ֮ˣ֮ͨǿȻȴԽ䶪ռ֮Уӡܾݲ֮ࡣ
ԴͬҲ޼Ѱڰҫ򷨟oĸ֪֮£⿴翵ԴȫΣ;СӵС
ʵİҫ֮ǿѾԶСȣԭҲܼ򵥣ҫѾ˴򷨟oһƪƪ黯ƪżѾпʼתļҲ֮ǰչʱֵ
ؿǰаЩ뻯ĸֿʼӴܣoĹκƶӵûӰˣϻҫܹ˵Դһռǻ¸ҫ֣Ѿǵĵűˡ
Ұҫɱ׹һףЩ뻯ǰһ㣬ӵŴôκ˽磬Ƕ˰ҫѾҫ֮ǰľٶˣΨһ顣
а˶úÿһµôһƲþĶӣӶҪˣҲ̫˰ɣҫЦ뾣ָָܻæӴܵа뻯֣ڵ
˸־οⷽаأӵȥȽ֮ЩͽҲ٣ĻصѾ֮ǰ𾢣Ҳ˲ٵĹ
ôҪ֪ʱյİҫûôýģ£
ҫ΢΢һЦ֮ʣѾ˾ǰķӦҲǿݣɲӰ˲ۣһȭͺҫȥҫͬһƺƴȭƽҫƾʤһɳʮ׿⣬ҲԶ
ڰҫ֮ʣһԵЦ˲ɱʱЦѾٽ΢Цϣ쳣£ǲЦı飬Լǵɱ⣬һƵģ˵ƱýȻͬ
֪ˣڿ¶湦ҫЦЦ
׹ʵĻҲ׾ȻҪȫԸġЦ˵ֺ̧һǽӡֱҫȥ
ҫһӡֱӾһ߳ɢЦ˫Ŀ΢΢˫ݺύһӡͣҫ˫Ӱݺύǽӡͣĺɢ˫䲻ͣ糱ǵضɽҡƺòˡ
ڴʱѾסΣʼĬĬǿУֻ˫һһ£ܣںϽԭͬʱڵҲԴԴĹУںϣӶһе
ڿҲǶһйעŰҫЦ֮սֻҪᣬ԰ҫչ͵Ϯȡڵһʱشҫ
뾣ľٶȻûӹҫĸ֪ҲҶ˵ţֻ˵ҪԣǰЦӦעˡ
ЦĸоһɱͻǳΣյĸоҰҫѾþڵ⽫Ц˳׵׵ļһ飬걾ʸ޼ǳơ
ԷָôӦòɣĻҲ̫ˣǿԷǧˣȽȥ˵
ҫһ쳣Ϭͬʱʮȫ汬ֲ𾢴ڷӿǾκһ㽫ЦĽӡһɨգһ˸˽ȥ
ʱ򣬹һĻˣԭҫʮɵЦ磬˾Ȼһɼǿĺɫ磬ӲĽΧȫѹЦĶͷϳһöɫͼơ
ҫüĿ磬ĶöɫͼƲţ󿴵Ǻɫͼ֮ɫ䣬˶һۣӱ˴˵ʲôһͬʱֹҫ
˫һϣ˱һɼǿƣֻһΪţÿζż͵׾ŵӰգۼѵҫǰŵӰ·ÿһʵ壬ͬʱسȭÿһȭźƿռĿֲܹžŰʮһȭҫе·
ɲ񹦡Ժϓġڤհԣ
Ծķҫüͷ΢΢һ壬ηתʮһ֮γһз羢еȭӰ֮⣬ϯ֮£ǽ˸˻ȥޱȣǿȼٴεȼ
ʮ桤ơͰ
ҫ𿪾֮󣬿ҫͷֻ˫۽ȭӰۣȭȭ˫ȭһһ໥ײ֮£һɼֲ磬漴˫һϣһȭֱ·ҫһں֮ȭӡҫȥ
ȭռɱСꖽģ
鷳ҫһֱ̧Ӷס˿µȭӡһŲƵǳ̫ͼ֮ϣȭӡжһߣȭӡж֮һɽ壬ķ顣
Ǵʧɫûع񣬰ҫͷϣ˫Ŀ¿·Ŀ˵ûʱϹģȥɣ
һ䣬ҫ˫һһ֣ʮ𾢺ɽһ񱬷ϯǧף׹˫˳ƺ֮ʱΧӿصҫ֮ϣĲƣҫ˷·һǣưԵףֱӽ·Ŀ˷ɻҡ
ʮ桤ơٳǣ
ҫĻҷֻ֮һУһŹڰҫ֮ϣרڿԴҫҲ뻮ռ䣬䶪ռ֮У漴һֱЦȥ
ʱЦ԰ҫǲǣ޼ǰ̧֓ס˳޼ļ򣬶ͷϵĺɫͼɢһӫ⣬±һīӿ޼ڡ
һĻҫвһַǳõĸоɾЦ޼˲һɶԶʱͻȻһɼ׺ľ磬ɳǧ׿⡣
һǾ𷢳ģʱͦأһʮɶߵɲӰ·֮еħɢһ޿ƥеơ
ҫס֮з˫ۿ漴ŤŤӣЦǻаֻЦ޼ڻһ
һԭҲˣҵӣҶû
ô㻤ĹôҫЦһӰۣͬʮɶߣӰ֮𾢲ƣƻ·춯ء
˸նҫ˫ĿһȷУһƵ浶âƿնֻգ֮ѻǧ׵ľ룬ǰʮ۳â쳣Ѹ֮ͣңǿɾ۳ĵâǧֹ
ʮ桤գ
ޱȵ浶âһ˳һȭһȭʵ޻;ףȭɢ˵âʮĿռ飬ȭ֮;Ȼռ䶼ȥ
ǿһȭȭ֮мҴرԴܣɲ񹦵ռɱɣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ɲ񹦷ΪľһľΪNӫ䡢ǹᡢԷΪڤհԣһҲɲǿһɱС
ν磬ָɱԴܼӳּ֮Ϊ֮֮Ϊ֮֮Դ֮籾Դ֮νˣ״̬£һзѵ֮ϴֺ֮ܣֲ
ǣϾм޵ģ״̬ȷǺţܣȼԴΪĿֲرԴܼӳֵԽ࣬ԴȼյľԽࡣ
һһ֮£ڸҫԴȼմǾˣΪԭʧȥԴĹܣûġ
עŰҫصû֮ǰһȭҫڴˣӽ
ҫ˵ͷЦģҺܾ壬ҸΪĻҲͲ˵ˣǰҫˣ


ʮ 㻣˭أŭ
ʱ֮⣬ڰҫǷ·޵аʵаɢµ뻯ӵһʣҲ˵ğoκơ
ڽʣʹԼаҲҫʹټϳϻĳ˵Դҫ˿ռֻʣʹЦа񸱵Ǿֹ죬ʼնûг֣˵һ仰ĳ޼
֮һĻЦľٶȴȳ޼֣Χսֲܲʣֱ޼ǰƺڴĳôִڳ޼ļϣϵĺɫͣӿ뵽޼ڡ
ذҫĹǽ𣬶Ҳͷòʹɲ񹦵ռɱ֮Ҳ붯״̬ɱʽĹģʽǾ춯أĴҲͬ޴۾
ļӳ£ǲٱҫһƴ֮ҲֻǸ״̬µİҫƽѣΪҫûʩչǸ״̬ǰҫǿ״̬
һ죬ҫԺһ˱˴˵ľ𿪰׿⣬ס֮ҫ˵Ϊβ÷ѪԪ󷨣Ʋô
ԸӵģԸ㣬ڵ״̬Ѿ㹻ˣҫ΢΢һЦڵ漴˫һ˫ְָ˵ɫâ𾢵ĸ£Ʒɻǣգ֮ѵǰâƥ𾢵ע룬ǧֹ쳣Ŀֲ
ʮ桤񽣡˽뷢
԰ҫľ񽣣ҲҴ⣬ֻȫ˫ȭֱӲâɢȻһУǽâʵй˵ģɰɳϰ֮Զ
ھٴαҫ֮ʣҫһ׷ȥת˲֮Գھǰһȫ۳͵ģɢҵԸӣҫ֮еݺݵĺ˳ȥΪһֱĺ
ʮ桤С
ۿֱƶС򣬾һ̧һȭ˳ƺһȭ̺رԴܣԼԴǿܣֱԴܽһıԴ֮ȭ֮ǿѾֲĵزȭӡѽΧĿռ䶼ѹĴѡ
ɲ񹦡졤ءˡȫһģ
ȭӡСײ֮󣬺˵ĻɽһкܣϯԲǧ׵գֻ춯ݡ
ɢȥֻ֮ҫֺھ֮ϣߵ˷ӿڰҫ֮ϣ漴һԽɲӰɣΰҫ֣ѾųɵĹһС򣬻𾢵ת˲֮㽫ٳޡ
ҪΪɻ֮ʣ˫ƲԶĳ޼Ц磬΢΢ı˫ۣת˲֮䣬ѱ𾢷յĸɸɾ
ۼɢΣҫ̾ϢһһнԴץУʱԴѾ൱΢֮ǰ״̬Դ߰˳֮࣬ۿžҪɢˣҫȴʮʥ»סԴ漴ŽСС
ʵҫ̾ѣҪ˫ΪԼɱİͽܶ˻꽻ϧʵԶԸҲֻ˳ƶΪ
㲻ǱͣӦ㣬ָʵҫ׻ɱ
ھɢ֮󣬳޼ǿˣֻ˫Ŀӿºƣͷ֮һɫսƣ˵Ʊ쳣͡
ЦһĲҰ֮ɫϢ鸡£ͷϵĺɫͼѾʧ˿ȥͺһƵģԵήҲ
Ц磬ؼʱ̻Ǽϳģȱ˽һ֮Ȼǣ޼Цļ򣬿˵
ЦҲ΢΢һЦʩһ񣬿ڵ:·֮£¹ˣ
޼˵ͷ˫Ŀһһҫǰ˵:СǱΨһˣ֪нգ治Ӧڡ
ҫ˷ۣŶڻص:⻰Ҷ䶼ˣа£ڻ˭أһܰŵôҲ̫Сյ˰ɡ
һ䣬ҫȻ׶۳һǾ޴ӡֱ޼ȥ޼΢΢һ㶣˳һƺӡһԺ䣬𾢱ըѣ޼Ȼҫˡ
ڳ޼κ֮ʣҫѾ޼ǰͷһ£â͸ɿ⣬쳣Ѹͣ޼˫һϽâ£һӣеؿ׻˱ҫһŸ߷˳ȥ
СѾܽʵѹ£ȥǻˣаʱҾܳƷˣӦֹܼɣ޼а롣
ûʵǰĳ޼ֻѳһѣͨķʽ˼άӣԭֻбʵЦԭƬע£ʵѾﵽҡ
ɼʹˣİҫȴɱȫѹƣҪֻ֪ʵµѾܹĵȫʵѾԳƵǻ֮ܵˣҫ֪ԷĻ֮޵еĳ̶ȣҫѾǰֻŲȽ˻컯֮ˡ
ؿǰҫԳ޼չǿȴУڰҫ޼һŵŷ֮˫ֿӶÿӶһζһâÿһâᾫ׼֮ǰǵâĩβ
˽֮󣬽âǰ֮һһʵ磬ƿն˲޼ǰҫһ˫ŵâѸײڶ֮ƣ͸˳޼壬³޼׽ĺڼһսƼӳ֣ҲûֵŽһ֮µķâ
ʮ桤ԴСŽϓģ
â͸޼֮󣬺һȻôŰҫ漴ЦСǳãѾܾûܽƵ̶ֳˣȻֻǱһ£ƷĪƶˣǵ׻֮ˣֵñս㡣
ҫһһ޼ǰЦװǻƣҪܳѹûƿʦķӡɣʱ䣬ӾͽħһͬȥҺΣ
Сң޼͵һŭ˫һһ֣ĺ·һӿ˫Ƶĺīӡźֱҫȥ
ߣ㿴ҸҲң
ҫһ˫ѹǰ𾢷˫֮䣬֮˫չһֱԼĪһҵ֣ŵƶΪһŻ͵ĺ˫ӡ֮ϡ
ʮ桤
ǾеĵһҲͽ˫һƣοʮļӳ֣Ĵֲ֮ѲѷɫǾ֮İҫ˫ƣ÷ݶΪ
ǿֲĻֱӺɢ˫ӡݺݵĺ˳޼ѹ֮ϣ޼ôܾѹոսӴ㱻ޡ
ʯһ˲䣬صĺ֮ϣ𾢷ϯ纣һ֮ӿĹӵĶˣڤħɶȥ
ڤħҲǴڣϵһ㼫ħһ֣֯飬Ϊһʵǽڽǵİ˽ȥҪƾֿ𾢵Ϯ
ǣʮǿֲףɵķ㣬Ҳ͵ֵʱ䣬㱻ճ˷ɻң𾢷ϯڤħȼ
ڤħȼһ̣֦ɶڷҡڣ𷢳һ̶ִĺХһ˱ȼһ㣬ʹвͣ
ʱڤħҫʮ泹׷գۿžҪճһѽ֮̿ʣһƲһ죬һޱȵĹгֱ֮ϣ֮У޼ڰҫС
СҲ繻õˣڣɣ


ڰʮ ҫսаôʲôᣡ
޼ˣγֵĲʲôڰҫҪڤħ֮ʣͻƷɴһ
ڳ޼һֻ̧̣һѹε¾Ϩ𣬻𾢵β棬赭д֮ʮʵ֮ǿڰҫ֮ϣֻǿҲҪ˫ȹ֪
ҫ֪ô֮ⷽУ֮ˣͬҲɱ֮ˣĴڷ·ҵаһһ㣬аƣʵͷʹĺܰ޼˫Ŀ£ҫ˵
ҫһӳ޼ĸ߶ȣЦ޼ᵽ㻹нҰɣҵĻشô
޼΢΢ҡͷ˵ĻشһǾܾ򵱳аǵʱѾ˳ˣֻϧľ콾ɱʵǿϧΪȴǷɵģҺͷʹ
ҫȻһЦ˫ĿƵڵǻö˵ʲôô֮ǲݵľ棬ķϻͲ˵ˣսɣ
ҫһ䣬̧һƺ𾢷ƣת˲۳һų޼ݺݵ˹ȥΧĿռ䶼յŤ绯Ϊʵһ㣬צģòˡ
ʮ桤ƣɽ
֪ν޼Ҳͷѹµֻһӱ㽫ɢ֮һڰҫǰһӡ˰ҫ֮ϣɳǧ֮Զ
ҫûӦֻԼʽ޼ɵĴɢȻؿڴһʹ˱㵹˳ȥ޼ôƶôֶ壬ɼʵ֮Ѿ˲ĵز
ԾҼȻܴʤʵµʵǿҲϢĽҺɣһڰʩչʲôֶΣŻὫ˲ˣǸйء
ҫɻԼ侲ϸ֮ǰһ˲ԭģֻǳ޼֮ǰĹʵ̫ͻأһֵ׶ûУһʱҫʲô
ڰҫα˲ֹ֮ʱֻ޼ҽŻһֱӿԽǧ׾룬ҫǰһƴֱҫŽɵ棬ֻȻһ죬ʱһֱﵽɿӣ⿴ͨͨһƣȻӵʵе㺧ˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ǾȴأֻʹˣûȫֻȰʵ޴ְ
֮аҫʼûʲôͷ޼ԼٶȣʵǿţҪûƺ⣬ҫҲֻаķݣͻȻҫһԼӵ£򷨟oĵƪƪҪԳ޼뷨
ɾڰҫľ޼Ĵʱ΢΢ü˫ĿһɣһɱȰҫҪǿǱϵľҫѹ˻ȥڴͬʱ̧һƺ£ڵӡƿնݺݵĺ֮Уǧ֮ߵĳ
һǿĸоȻϹżģϹʮ֮УΨһд򷨟oҲֻǸˣҫа룬ʮ滤壬޼һƲûи˺ȻеɻѾˣôҫʼˡ
ֻ֮𾢵Զֱ֮ϣҫʹڶɲǼӰݺύ಻·ɽһкȾд֮Ҫ޼߸һϣ졣
ʮ桤ȡƽУ
԰ҫƾκһĹƣ޼ôĵȻ˫ƺƺһģƱÿһƶֺĻƵıƷ쳣ľɾʮ㣬ҫһиӲĵһƬӰ½Ƕûմ
ơſգ
þƷ˾ͽҵƷа¾ȻҲãĻͦడۼԼĹƱ޼߽⣬ҫüһ΢ЦƷһ˾ͽдʱͼԷùʱ޼ʩչԾ
ͨѧûʲôʽǱģƺˣ޼Цһ漴˫ֽӡӡһɣһޱȵ׾˳ƺ׾һӡŰҫݺȥϰƽ״СƼ产ˡ
ơ׵ӡ
ȻѧᣬҪҪôŰҫֵ˵ֵٶҲ˫ƽ׵ӡ׾һ˲䣬ʮɹʩչŲƣ׵ӡжһԣ׵ӡһɽ֮аһ亹
ˣ뱾ֻҷģ
޼Ӱҫҫ͵һתֻ֮޼̧һָָƥֿ磬Ǻ֮£һָŹᴩһеƣŰҫüĵȥһָҪǵʵˣҫȻͷ⸱ǻٶˡ
ָ̫һ֣
ʯһ˲䣬ҫһˣֻǳ޼ָâ·һŰҫţҫǳ׼յĴָ𣬴ȥϵĺɫָâɢ漴˫һھ˽˵âٱƥֱ޼ȥ
޼һü⣬˫ٴνӡӡһɣһ֡ͼ֣ͼΪһ֮¶㿪˾񽣵ϮѸײڶ֮Ƽ嵽ҫ࣬漴һƺҫͷ­׶ƥּѸ͡
ӡڸӡ
ǰɣᣬⲻǰֵĿӡôаôʲôᣡ
ҫкȻϵĶҲһ˳ƺ˳޼ͻһƣֻǺߵƾʤһҫֱĺ˳ȥֱҴһ֮󣬲סΣҫеֱޱȣѪڣһߵҲް
ۼһĻ޼Ѿüͷ漴Цһθһֱڵƿϣ˻Ϊһڹ⣬ĺֱҫ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣Ŀ磬һʮ𾢲֮ϣ˻Ϊһɫ⣬ͬų޼ȥʱİҫû۳ӰǴȴǸ״̬µǿ
һһ⽻˷·ɽХһɢԭڵĽٵһͿ⻹ûⲻͣƵƵɢһʱضɽҡǺ
ҫ޼ҲǶ𣬹ܲԼɵƻжྪˣ˫Ѿҵĵز˫ڽ֮һ٣ڰ֮С
ȥƺֻٶȲͣĽӰһ˲Ѿʮ֮࣬Ҳ˵̶̵ʮ˫ѽֹУֻǰҫڹ뾳ϣҪѷһϢѾʼˡ
һֱǸֹУȻʮֽȻͬѧʽйʽӣȴԾ׽ڼһսƵĿֲÿһжзѵ֮ҪܳһУҫд㵣֮ǰ޼ĶУԼȫûƿԣ޼ԵģҪѣʵ޴֡
ʱ޼ĿŰҫ漴Ȼһ΢Цڵܲʵ˱Ԥ룬ܺ棬տʼ㻹ûҵٶȣôһӾܸˣ鱨ָƣʱѧʲôµطǿô
ҫ΢΢һ㶣һЦΪаµľ̫ǿˣֱ֪ҵ֮ǰһ˲䴦״ֻ̬ҪҵľǿȸƽͲᱻˣԭķӦٶȻܸаõӦϹʮ֮еġɣ
޼΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵûϹʮ֮УΨһܹ򷨟o࿹Ҳֻд˼ˣܹӰ˼άʵǲòĹ۲ǿֻ˲Ϳ˵еľҪڣаĵһУ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ڵаô
޼һЦ޵ĻޣǸʵñ㣬Ҳʲô£Ϊܵõ֮ˣûһܻ㣬Ҳ⡣


ڰʮһ ԴҪˣ
Ŷҵ֮ڣҼȻҲûҪŻȥȻܻܽȥȻٺòģҫ΢΢һЦ޼в˿ѹȻѾߵһɴҲͷһˡ
޼ɫһ˵ΪܸҶϼоΪܽܣҲ̫ˣǱͽ쿪ɣ
ڳ޼֮ʣǰİҫ͵ıһɼ产˵ƣֻͷһѪɫͼƣƤԳ֮ɫ͹ԣ΢΢¡˫ͫɺһƬȥˣһַǳֱ۵ױ֮⡣
ͬʱҫʮҲüΪͣ𾢵Ĵ֮ǰҪǿʮֹ֮ҶͣƲϰҫʱľò˷·ħ·˵ľˡ
Ԫһͨʮʥ澳磡
ѪԪ󷨵ƪѪӡ
򷨟oƪƪ
ҫһ˲Լиȫת˼ޣھ󷨵ļӳ£ҫĹҪ۷ֻҪһգ۵ĹܴﵽʱһӵʮɹµļһУʱ˿̵ȻȫԸҪ޼ƴһ
԰ҫ׺ƣ޼ҲҵģΪûпҫ۳Ӱɴʱ˵ĸоȴǱЩ֮۷ֻҪǿٱֹѹó޼ʶʲô
ѹѹ֮۷֣ԭѾǰֻŲȽ˻컯֮żôռĸоܰɣ޼ȻһЦڵ
ţȷͦ𺳵ģ컯Դ·ضеĸоаͲ뻹֮ˣӦҲָоɡҫ˵
컯֮Ǿһ㣬Ҳǿһ㣬һ㾳ѾعƣõĶȻԭԭɸ֮ȻͬǶԴ֮ƿء
νķԴԴָ֣ľԴǿ֮ڣĥЩӡԴ֮еԪӡǣ֮ĲһЦĴڡ
Ҫ˵ĲǷǵǻ֮ŶԣΪԪӡٴλع鱾壬Ҵһ˿ԴڱڽйҲ˵֮ǿԳһԴҲνķ
Դļӳ֣֮κû˺һ˿һΪκᱻڵԴգת
ͬʱڵԴܸԴӣ˲תƵ֮ڵκһλã֮еκյ׵ضס֮ǿߣҲΪʲôڿռԭ
ﵽ컯֮ĸ֣Ѿܱ֮ΪˣɣħⷽĴڣҲνǿߣڻ֮ϻûиǿľ磬ǾͲö֪ˣҪȥƷɲ֪
Թڰҫ֮ʣ޼Ҳǵ˵ͷڵԽԽ᲻ɱˣʵϹ˳ңһβаĪȤô
һΣΪʲôΰҫһ֣Ц

԰ҫĵ٩޼Ȼŭһֱҫת˲֮ѵҫǰ˳һƺ˰ҫš
ҫ΢΢һУһѹ޼һƿƱݺݵ˦ڳ޼֮ϣɻ˳ȥ䵽γһĿĵĻۣôŵ滮ǧײſͣס
ʱ֮һ֮Уĵ˿һˮĻϵӰһĿɿڴŵĶһϣˮĻϳֵӰǰҫ޼һƻ˳ȥԴ˵֮󣬾ˮĻйעս֮ϵı仯
ˮĻóģĿƼϢ似սϵһжݵĻϣܹһš
տʼҫɱķаһһɱ𣬸ǽǵԴһռҲҫ˷ɻңһĻѪڣľޱȡ
Ȼ˵֪ȫĳ޼ֻһ֮ǻȻһƬ޼жǿǶǿֻͻȫ壬˺ȻޱˣҲǷ׷Ϊҫ
֮󣬰ҫ֮佫޼𣬸Ƿڤħһϲ˻û˶ã޼׾ٵϵĻ𾢣ѹŰҫ˶ǽĲС
սֵĿת˵ĿⶼעˮĻϵӰ´ʲôʱҫٴη޼֮ʵе𺳡
Դӳ޼սҫһֱ·磬ʵҲ˵֮ڣðҫԸ޼ѾһǳǿľˣҲָҫܻܳ޼ȥֻų޼ȻԼ˳ֽ
г޼ǻûƤȥһǱ޼ҪЮҫŪɳ׾ǣڰҫҪ˳ʱҲûʲô顣
ʵ֤ǵľǳȷֵȼսǱ˵ˣҪۿܣҫ޼֮ÿһжԺ䣬ɢྡྷͲܳܵġ
ؿǰҫһƻɳ޼֮һص棬һ̤޼ڵķλƵ˳£޴浶â̩ɽѹ֮ƣݺݵ޼ͷ
һڣԳ޼ķӦȻӦԲˣֻȣգ֮ܣһҲص˵֮ϣǰĵնһǧ׵ĺ蹵֮ǿš
ҫһУŤͷ޼㿪ķ˫Ƶӳһ浶âƿնƥ𾢳˫쳣Ŀͣգ֮޼Խߡ
ʮ桤˫ͣ
ۼâ޼һֻ˫ֳצ˫צݺύצ籩һ㣬ֱץסâӲ飬ô˿ĽЩ浶â߽⣬ͬʱֱȥת˲צӰ죬ݺݵĹҫ
ްɱצ׷ɱ
ҫһһ𾢷񱬷΢΢һȵɲǼ֮Ӱ߶ӰݺᣬƼ产ˣͣǹɷѹѾϢĸоӰצӰһƬһʱ䶷ѽѷ֡
ʮ桤ȡ߳ư
ҪӾ˵ҫҪʤĹ򣬳޼ʽϣȴռֵıˣٹǰҫķӦƺ죬һŤԾȺƳһ˦һɨͳڳ޼߽߷˳ȥ
ҫıвν죬⧲֮ǿ޼Ҫݺ߷ɣһŵľͬǿĺˣҲܽ޼߷ɳǧ֮Զ;ײһ·Ľ֮󣬳޼ݺݵҽһ֮ۡУۡ¥ء
ҫۡں¥Ĳкȫ죬һɺɷɻң޼ôվļϵĻҳЦոһͦģһ˲ķӦȻһ죬ġ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵаµʵеʵңĺô
ܾûиôˣ˵ĶԣҲǶˣкܶҪأ
޼΢Цͷ漴˫Ŀһһµĺȫ汬ŭһϯķϵһսԵøҫۣ˫Ŀͫ۰ףһƬ֮ǿǿ֮ǰٱֹһ˲ѹҫľѡ
׽ڼ޼׾Ԫ׾֮
ۼ޼۹еѹԽԽʢҫȻɵȥֻ˫΢΢չſС۶
ҫ̧׼Զĳ޼ſСɵҫǰŰҫһָȥСΪŵâ޼
ŵâСûٶȿ󣬾ǴŽâеķȫг޼𾢻Ϊֱ֮ϣ޼Ǳ𾢺ݺɡ
ʮ桤ԴСС
һĻҫаϲɲָһܻܳ޼ֻϣܸ޼һƾͺãܿϧûĶãһε籩𾢳ѹ𣬳޼ĳڰҫС
һкܲʲôô


ڰʮ аʵƴһƴ
ʲô
ǾˮĻǰһƬҫ֮ǰһֲ֮˹ÿĶоǿޱȣһҪǺԼϣֳÿһ˶Լܻǳ޼Ȼʵ֮ǿ˷˼
ˣǻС˳޼û뵽ʵȻﵽĳ̶ȣУҲȥҫСһľʧ룬˵ŲȻǱ޼չֳʵ嵽ˣ԰ҫǵޱȡ
СҪȥսֻǣȴֱס߼ææ˵ӣڲȥȥһ޼£ʱҫҪ˼㣬ƾͶӲˣҫͲռƣȥ˷ǵﲻģòʧ
Сһ㶣漴ݺݵҧҧòϰ˵ĺеǵʵ޼ȷ·һĴڣȥҫֻǰﵹæѣСҲһʱֽţûпǵ㡣
˵ô죬޼ǿҫôĶ֣֮ĳԹҫģСˣǻæɫҲܣҪǸʵҲԲðҫһһУһԷȻ֮ɫԼʵ̫ﲻ˰ҫ
̾˿˫ȭ߬ţܲԸ˵Ϊ֮ƣƷѣ򣬾ֻܿˣ
ĵ˵һַǳ̤ʵĸоʵˣʲôˣֻү˰ҫʲô漣ڴʱƺͻȻ뵽ʲô̧ͷˮĻеİҫ𣬿ڵʵô
Է׷׳ͶɻĿ⣬ҲǻĿ⣬ԹԵ˵ƶԡҫ㣬һսʤ
ؿҫߣԼԴǿжԳ޼˿ʱѾеһ˿𾪣ǰҫ׼ĬĬȴų޼ķơ
׼˰ɣǱҪˣۼҫԴļƣ޼΢΢һЦ˵
ոµһ̣Ѿ˰ҫǰ˰ҫ֮ϣǰһƣҫ˷·ڵһ㵹˳ȥɳǧ֮Զ
ֲٶѹƤݺݵƿһ㣬;ķݽǱײٿշ˵İҫͬҲһѪиǺȻ޼ոյƶֻ֣ص˫һνֵʱûӦ
Ҫ֪ѾѪԪͬʱһ㣬ûӦĻô֤ǳ޼ٶȣʩչʲôֶӳ֡
ģ⻹ôƶҲֻҵķݣУҪ취סٶȣҿ֮ûУ
ҫа漴һ٣ͣסԼĺ֮ƣ֮һʮȵķֲԼ֮һ֮ȫ²һ˿϶İֻҪ޼ôͱҪͨʮķ㣬ʱԼ
Ǻڰҫոסεһ̣޼ֳߣһǳڰҫֻ࣬һԾȺƳһ˦ҫ֮ǰһ֮ͬ
һźݺݵ˦˰ҫϣҫҲо˳޼ķλɾҪзʱպȻһʹ˱޼һ߷˳ȥ
ʵҫ뷨ǷǳȷģԿĹֲֽ⣬ȷ𵽸֪λãֻǰҫҪһ㣬Ǿĳּ֮£ʹ֪˶Էķλ񾭷ӦҲֻаķݡ
ȷ˵һ̧һȭʱܿȭͷķ켣ȴԾɱУΪӾܸ϶Էٶȣ񾭷Ӧ巴Ӧȴϣһûڵһʱֻܰ
ʱ˿̵İҫ뵽ľ棬޼̫ˣĳķӦٶȣٶ֮£ʹԴԣҫҲֻܱǳ޼ʵֲٶܻǳ޼ȫʵıɽһǰˣǿµʵ
ڳ޼һ߷ɰҫ֮΢΢һ㶣漴ЦǳĹģʽҲһȤҫɲҪô죬ñһȤɣ
ʱҫ޼ǧ֮ԶڵϴڴڵĴŴ֮ǰһŲûľ߶ϣڰҫ뻤ǿڱ޼һ߷ͷ­ȴ˵еһǿҵϢ
ʱ򣬳޼ֵҫǰͷҫʱϴźƵ΢Цڵ֮侳ΪϵĲˣֻǰ벽֮ѣûдﵽĻ֮Ȼȥֻһ˿ʵ֮Ĳ࣬ͷ·֮ľ룬ûӮĿܡ
ҫĺһڣվֱ֮ЦҫĻôʡʡɣһûأҲδЦ󡣡
һ䣬ҫ̧һֱһļͻȻȥƸѸĶڿ죬Ҳ첻޼һȭڰҫŽӡһ֮ʱȭѾһ˰ҫ֮ϡ
ʯһ˲䣬޼֮鷢ˣҫûбɳȥ̧ץס˳޼Ƶ˳ƺ쳣ҵ𾢣ݺݵ޼Ĳ
޼һü⣬Ǹ߸߹һ̧ҫƵסȭȭһ˰ҫ֣ȭ˳һ壬ȭ֮£һ㱬ɱȭӡǰҫŴһԴ
ʼȭӡ
һذҫˣȭӡı͸ҫ͵һѪֻס޼ûɿһ׼գգ֮˲۳һֱһɶ
һӣҫһɣֶݺݵĺ˳޼ϣǽ޼ֱĺ˳ȥĿֲȫ汬޼˳ɣǽɳϰ֮Զһ֮ۡУٴαϯԲ׵ľ룬ƺ
ʮ桤
ۿԼһдг޼ҫݺݵһԼֲҪĴ򷨣ռһˣԼĴǳţҲֱָӺ޼ôҲöԷܵˣҲҪԼʰܳ޼ġ
ʮŰʮϢĹŽɢȥȻ޼ûеزվԭأֻǴ¶ƤЩƺۿԿһǴȻûнˣҲ˵
ҫǴһڴǰ˲٣ԹԵȻ˵ôһӦ˲ŶԣֻǻۣͬսûˣһҪ൱Ѱ
Ȼ˵˱ҫ޼֮ɫòֲ֮·Ķ˫Ŀ죬ҧݵ˵һɼ˵ɱӿ
ڳ޼֮ʣֻ̧׼ҫ漴һһɺ˵ǣ罫ҫ䶯ã֮󾢷һҫ˳޼
ת˲֮ҫԳ˳޼ǰ˫̼Ժʮ֮࣬ҫյȫգ޼˸ţؿ⵽޼ĿըѪֹסֻôһ˲ĺҫع߹ȫ飬صԸӡ
ʱ޼ŭģһ˿侲ûзֵǣҫָӿһһ۳֮󣬳޼ͻȻһļ֮Уζʱ˶ȥ
Ȼϻˣƴһƴˣһûʹùܶǰ˵һǱɣôҵ΢еֵɣҫвͣӿѪЦ̬˵Ŀֲ
ֻҫָһּε֮ɫּ֮ɫǰҫþԪ۳ľǰҫʮ۳ľһһŴŰҫ˫һϣݺݵײһ
ԵһӴȻûвųⱬըںһɫתΪɫ㣬͵һɿ⣬ڲһɫâ˸ͣҫ˫ǳһȭͷСĺɫ
а£Ϊ㴴УЦɣ


ڰʮ ֲɣ
ǰҫԤеһУеԭþԪմ۳Ȼںϣγһһݵ
ںʵǳΣգϾ壬һ˿ƫںϲã̱ըҫըɷɻңֽȻͬԣ˵һּ˵ˣҫѾ伫ˣΪ˻ܳ޼Ǵһˡ
ǰĻϢ޼üͷֱ壬ҫеǿ򣬵һһּΣյĸооֻҪҫϵ䵽ԼΣա
ڴʱİҫǳָܵԼһеǿŸոճͶѣ˫Ѿʼеҵʹ·ǧڹιһ㣬ɼʹҲҧӲš
ǹɭɫĻɫâԼĵǿźɫ򣬶ҫһֲּĻϢɭɫĻʵʮʥߵȼĻ棬ʮ档ɫâؼռмźɫۼ֮
֮еļ˻֮ڰҫϣԳ˰ҫԤϣ˵ûųһУԼɣ̾ͻữΪɻңһоѾ൱˫۸оʱҪըһ㣬ǱڵܵǺ
ôһУңǿʽʲôáոѾĨԪӡԴ֮ӣҪ˾أ޼Ŀ磬ĶŰҫţ˵
У嶼ˣֱԳ޼ٶȣֻһΣˣģʵֻҪͣһ˲ͿˣǣѰ
ҫжݺݵţ²Ҷ֣ϵһֱţѾҪòĵزȥжԷĻҲֻǰ׸Լĺ޼ֵʵΪѡ
ʱǿռ֮Уһվڰҫ޼ͷ֮ϣڿռԣܹⲿռһУҫ޼ȴҲоĴڡ
ԴĦ°ֱĿŰҫдʵпȥͦѽ˼ҲǳĲû뵽ⷽػܵ˲һҪ²У˵ԸҲһأȻˣͰһѰɣúҲ뿴ж
һ䣬ӡϷһ⣬дʣ߳һööѶĳɫģֹסеĻʱ˫Ŀ͵һɣ޼һָΧĳɫϳһ
oʥ䡤ħӡ
ͬʱҫֻоϵѾԽܿƣǷҪˣ޼ҲЦͣ˫ۻ뿴ҫʳģһ˲䣬˷ĿռзǳͻأһɫѸײڶ֮ƽ޼֫׷ײûֺ
һ°ҫ޼ˣⲻ֪δĳɫǶ˶еһ˿ãȻ޼Ȼʲô̧ͷգǸҧгݵģȻŭ˼
ҫԺȴĻɵŸأ췢а
һ䣬ҫ͵һԼȵĲʱôڳ޼±ǳɫָˣþԼֵľѻôǺҫ˫Ŀһ˳Ϊһɫ⣬ֱ޼
ؿ޼˵ۼԼǶ㲻ҫһˣȻҪֵһ£ͷһȣ׾ںԴ֮ȫ汬ֲɽһϯķϵЩɫ飬ֻϧҪΪʱѾߣҲΨӲһ;
޼һ˫Ŀ絶˫һԲڵ͸⣬գ֮ǰ۳һɫԲԲ֮߳߿⣬⻬񣬾ֳģиֳʮ޶Եޱȡ
Ϲʮʮֻؾ
ڳ޼۳Բһ˲䣬Ǻɫݺݵײھ֮ϣ޼͵һ˫ĿɵĹԲ˫ͫС㣬ǰֻؾȻֵһ붼Ӧ飬ͣһ¶ܡ
дɭ׻ֱӺ˳޼ɳǧ׵ľ룬֮ɭɫĻķΪһֱ׵İֱ֮ϡ
ڲ޼ҧгݵ˫ֶǿźɫӽܵİ𾢽˷ţ˫֮һһĽӽų޼ؿڡ
ۿų޼Ҫѹס֮ʣ޼ͷһȣ˫һѹѹ飬ѵһ˲䣬Ȼһ죬춯أ·ҪضȥֲľޱϯԲǧ׵ľ룬ҫݺݵĴ˳ȥ޴Ģڶ
ɢȥ֮󣬳޼֮أѾһֱﵽǧףȰ׿ľ޿ӣ޿֮һֱ̿ðĳ޼վһһѪͷء
һĻպñҫֻ΢΢ȥصĺܰôҲߵİ
ҫ˫ۣı仯ߵָʼɢΪҪ֮ʱһٻӰ뻳Уҫ˫ۣžճС
Ѿͷǰܿ㣬Ҳ㲻ˣҫ΢΢һЦҪ̧ȥԴԼоԼֱˣΪ۶ѾɢΣ˫Ҳʼɢ
ҫ磬˵ʲôɵأûµģûµģȥ˻ȪҪ̫죬ܿͻϮ㣬һ˵ġЦе˵ѷһỨˮӡ
ҫ΢΢һЦҡҡͷڵѾͷԺҪúչԼߵûТˣҲܿģܰѾͷȢֵ֣ܸǳѰԼĸܽǿµĳ޼ɴˣҲ
ڰҫ֮ʣһƬӰֶ١ָСҶġ°ġСĽĽȻѦ˾ͽ졢ԯܡʮΧ
˼ѾɢֻʣӵİҫһСһסˣȪӿʹ޳סСļͬһˮж᲻ᵯֻδʱҫɢͣжһһɰ֮ӿͷ
ôˣδ٣޼Ȼ˵ǻûأʣµ飬ͽǿҰҫһǵ飬Ҹˣ
ҫ˫ۣ֮ԳɢҫˣȻԴӡǣ֮ǰ޼ѾĨ˰ҫԪӡԴ֮ӣӡǵĴڣҲûˣˡ
ҫɢ֮΢΢һЦڵҫ󷨵ģǿһεģӦ̾ģӡǻأǺǣţٶһᣬһͳˡ
ĻѦֹ̾Ϣһҡҡͷв̣ʵˣҫˣѦ˵ǾҲܵģҫĴڣǿԸģɢˣǾҲǻ췦
ôˣôѽҫ˾󷨵ģ㵱ʱҲڳģӦ֪ģḴĶôǲҪڳѽҪѽ
̧ͷΧǸ˵ı飬ǿջЦ˵˵ڵغ֪ģѦĻ֪ˣֻȥŶѣԼҸԼܳܰҫɵʵ
˳ڰʱһԵ͵һ˫ۣؿڱһᴩ˹ڵشڴڵĿѪ
ˢˢתͷķֻ޼ڰգЦҪѱһ԰
޼Ҫ㳥һŭȣ쳹踾һ޼ͬҲŭգҧгݵĿ޼ȥ
ʱŹɽ˲칬һ᷿ڣϵƷ͵˫ĿͻþʱӦûϵϰɣ


ڰʮ ˣ
޼ˣ˵ķǳأҫֲ֮⿴ϵľ޿ӾѾǳ˵ˡ
޼ܵˣ˵صһΣҲڵʵ۷ʱڵɣ˵ıŭǿ֮£޼мҲǷǳĳ
аͷɲ͵ƭģǻʵƾʵõģʱ˿̵ĳ޼ȻѹŴ򣬵ǣȴûа취ʲô˺
ڳ޼һսһ߲ͣĻָʵ̶̰ʱ޼Ѿռѹһͷˣֻ˸Ǻη
ҫˣԼСǻ޼սΪ˸ҫѾԼˣлУ޼еľ
ʱ˫һo˪˲۵幦ӼıǰֲɢһƺеıޱƵԼĪٶȣ޼ѡ
ȡoޡСɳɴɟoޡءǬһoһ
һѩɽ֮ʩչʱ򣬿ܹ͸һģĳ޼Ȼû赲ϵѪͣıеı͸޼֮ڻɢ
޼ڴڵĿѪ漴ŭĿԲݺݵĵһۣ鸡֮ʱ˳һƺ˳ȥӡ˳ȥ
˵Ҷ
ڳ޼һƺ֮֮ʱдһһС˫ֽ䡯ݺݵͬʱӰһһҵĹ˹Ҷ
ҶĴ·ֻӥ澭ռһĹȫ汬ƥӥצצ·͸˿ռ룬Ե쳣޼ûӦôӥצסԼĲ
@񡤻Ԫһģ
·һı֮ɽХһ񱬷ȻֻǺһȭһȭȥûʲôƿԣȭȴһޱȵĹӡһȭ˳޼ͷ­޼˲еԼ·Ҫһȭһ㣬ޱȡ
ڱаȭ졤Ӱ
Ҷǿһͬʱг޼֮ʱСҲͬһʱ˳޼ϣ޼оԼԴ·Ҫһ㣬ʹޱȣһڵѪѾ˵ڿϼˡ

ų޼һŭȣֲ׾ȫ汬񱩵˺ݺɣСϵ䡯׵飬ҶҲһѪɳ׿⣬֮˿˹ȥ
ڳ޼˹֮ʣէ֣쳹âͣ˸ھ֮ϣޱȣԶԯָͬʱӡ󷨡
޼תͷԯָ֮ʱصڳ޼Ķߣ޼ʱеԺгһζԼʱ£޼еޱȵľ֣¶ɸƺڼпʲôе־顣
ԶĹֳ٣һָٵı棬ǹɱ·Ҫ޼̻һ㣬޲ðѳ޼ˣԼҫ֮飬˫Ŀ׹͸䣬һתֱ̳޼Ĵԣ߱ͷҺޱȡ
ֻꡤ˫죡
ڣ޼Ǭ跨󣡡
ڳ޼ͷҺһ˲䣬ԯָͬʱȵӡңָգ֮жʱһֱа׵Żذƣֱĺ˳޼ڵķλسһ׵ĿӶ޼˶˿Ӷ֮ڡ
ڣһ֣ͬŰĵһ£ʣµˣֻҪڹȫӶϷͷųԼǿĹſӶڿը֮ǰûüֵĳ°ǽԼڵת˼£ֱʩչǿһӶ
ɾ˷˷ƵĳſӶкԼĹʱ޼ӿӶĵĴǵΪ޴ȴǰװ˷˰ҫǴĻᣬȻˣͳͳȥɣ
޼һ䣬˶еһ˿ţȻǿӶ֮͵Ĵܳʮ޼Ӱһһͬʱ˵ǰѸײڶ֮ƺһƣգ֮䣬ڳ˷ֱ˳޼һƣݺݺɣˡ
oӡ
˶޼һк֮󣬳޼ӿӶлȻưܲԵüΪǱǴӾ֮ǰǺ˲٣Ҳڡ
Ϲʮ֮һϹһǿʥ˷Ϊ㾳磬쾳쾳ԭһֽ˹Ǳܡָȫλۺһĳǿ
ϣոַǿÿһűȫʵȻֻһ֮巢вûм֣Ǹǰڱаȭĵo˫ѣ֮ͬ
Ǳϣļӳ£ǱܽᱻޣٱҲǳ޼֮ǰҫʱĿֲٶһ壬ǿ¡
ָϣܹնԷʱ޲һУҲãҲգҲãҲãͬʱָҲ˲ϵĹŵ˳޼ƻָ֮죬Իָ۷ʱڵ߳״̬
ϣ֮䱾ľŹϵ߾жǿҲ֮ǰ޼ھѹưҫԭ
ԣӵ֮ܣֻϧϹʮ֮УҲλ֮ģѹ֮ϵģƷɵġϹŽԼĪƵ壬֮ǿֻ÷˼ݡ
ʵγ޼Ļû˵ĵӣóսĳ޼սǳ޼ļӳҲ᲻ظᱻĵ˻
ҫһѾ˵ıԴڵԴήҲԴ֮ʱ쳣ļѣûʮ껹ָҲΪ˵ľʧ󣬰װ׵ó޼ǵػ۷״̬ʲôĻⳡⳡаսӦаЦ
Ȼǻؼʱ̳֣˵ʱ޼ʹɱ֮ʣ͵ĴһĺХһɫľͽâֱ£޼ͬڤħͬʱķ飬һضɽҡƺòˡ
޼˶סˣ˫ĿɵĹԲͷ֮ʱǱɫâѾͣǰһֲ֮޼Ҷ֡
С޼أеѽƷɾôǳͻأĳ֣վڳ޼ĲԶʵ
Ʒɵĳ֣ڳ˶Ϊ֮һͷϲˣѾʧȥսƷɵ֣˲к֮ˣ޼ǿҲùλ޵µĽɡ
Ʒɵɤӳ޼͵һ亹첻µز£ȴΨֻһˣǾƷɣҪ֪Լһ¶Ʒɵĸ裬ȻƷûΪͽʵϾûֵʦͽϵϲܡ
޼һͷԼͷ֮ǰɫâͻϮԼԼ˲ɱǺݺݵҧҧͷҲص˵ûֻǲһɥ֮ȮǰӴܣʲôôƾʲôǾҪǰڲܷǰǳƽ٣ѵⷽٴݲɣ
ˣƷüͷһ壬ȻһȣӲĴ˳޼Ļ漴˵Լ˵ôΰһжֻΪԼˣ㲻ó㹻ĳ룬㣬ν֮ԴչԼĲܣΪԼıһõλãΪҲ֪ô
޼ҧгݣŭգǵС˼ǱƷ˵ˣһҲҭ˵ƷƳһִ̧ۣ˸ָǵɫâ͵һԣ·ƥһչ޼˽ȥ
ֻ޼һУ˰ҫԴ˵ΪʦʱϵȻͽѹ˹ذ


ڰʮ ԡսһ
ƷϸϵŹ㣬֮ǰĻڶǴϲƷɵֶΣ˵пܣţðҫɡ
ʱ˲ϵʹææΧʮ˫۾Ʒɿһֹģ԰ġСΪһ۾Ҷգһ£Ʒʩչֶͨνҫ
ƷҲ˵뷨˷ۣڵˣˣ֪ʲôа취ùͽҲܵģɹļҲֻɰˣɹ˻ãʧ˵ĻôͽԴ᳹ʧʱǴ޽ˣûɾȣԸһô
һ䣬˶㿴ңҿ㣬߶ڰġС˵ϣҫĹϵΪܣȨҲٺʲ
Ҳûе̫ã˴˶һۣܴӶԷпһµĴ𰸣һһ˵ǰԸһѣ
ƷԵ˵ͷ漴ϵĹƷɳ˰˰֣˷׷˿ƷתͷǿŹ㣬ΧŹ˫ּ֦ϵâڰҫӡϡ
ŽâƵƵƷɵɫҲԽʮâ֮Ʒһ˫Ŀȵ:齣תתң
ƷɵĻ£͵ľһɿ磬ǰҫӡǷգӡǱ쳣貣е˫ۣܿɢ֮ӡǵı淺һãã
ʱƷǸ߸߹΢Ц:˵Сһ˿ǧ֮⣬죡
ƷɵĻ˸еһ˿ãȻô˵һĵҰҫӡҲȷԵı仯˲һٺ󳷣Ĺ˳ǧ׵ľ롣
ס֮ʱһɼֲİɫϮ˸æ˹ֿ˰ź˵ľɨˣֻеʹޱȣ֮ͣǵмƽصĶҷɳʮ׵ľ룬ò׵˾ȫʧ֮󣬳еǧֱ֮ϵİ
˿ɳİʱһ㶣漴ͷϲϵЦݲûӸˣ֪ʲôҫĸˡ
ʱƷ΢ЦĿǰƥİҫʲôΪΪҫѡģǰǾʮʥ֮߼Ļ𾢣ʮ档
ôûôǾ󷨲ҪܸôѾɢ˵ѽУʲôʱﵽʮʥİȼˣ֣ףʦô⣿ҫӰ߳İ𾢻ɢҫһͷһƷɵʱ¶˺֮ɫ
Ʒ΢΢һЦڵ:ԡԴͽߴ
ҫһ㶣漴˫ۣûû֮͸һֿϲ֮ɫԡ֮İҫڹϴﵽǰ޹˵ʮ֮ΪϸͻƵĻ컯֮ҲΪⷽнеǿߡ
ҫ˿ߵƷǰϥ¹򣬹ıȭʩ񣬿ڵ:лʦȣڴлˣպʦкηԸвӡ
ƷһЦҫļ򿪿ڵ:Ȼ֮٣ȻҵĵӲ࣬ҳĻ㣬ҲⷽصǿˣôԺĳЩ£ҪΪʦֵͬǰ
ҫ΢Цͷ΢Цص:ʦԸǣ
ƷЦеĵ˵ͷû˵˱һֱӷ˵ҫĻУ˽ӵڵϹ˺üȦͣ£ҫɵڵأֹ̧һıӣЦ˵:ѾͷҲ
۽Ǻᣬһ߸ŰҫӣһЦ:ģģҫˣˣ
֮󣬽ıŰҫҫǱԴҲҸ΢Цܱ˺ãϾϣ̫Ĳᣬ顢顢鶼ԸĶ
˺þãֱƷɫʱҫʶȤվһεĿˣСҲ˸ͬľٶ
ڰҫһһкתͷǱâĳ޼漴ֿƷɣڵ:ʦ޼սһʦȫ
Ʒһü⣬ڵ:Ҫô
ҫû˵ֻ΢Цŵ˵ͷƷɼ״΢΢һЦ漴̧һָǺɫâɢΣ޼ϥעǰˣҫʱ͵һ˫ĿɵùԲϳһŵɫ
ҫų޼΢΢һЦڵ:ּˣа£ǵδ֮սɣ
޼ԺݺݵҧҧгԹɫҫеʼɣɢˣ¸вһɼ˵ķߺ֮⡣
ۼҫս޼Ҳǲȥڰҫһ̣ҲоҫʵϵͻƣҫѾǰ벽֮۷֣޼ҲֻǾϵĲˣڰҫѾͻƵ˻֮ڳ˶ܸоĵԳ޼Ҳδûһս֮
ҫ֮ʣ޼˵͵һ˫Ŀ˫ַٽӡӡֻգ֮Գͣһӣֻ͵ıһɼǿĺɫһʮӰΧҫ
oӡ
ۼ޼ͣѱ棬ҫЦݸˣ˫Ŀ磬һһɼֲİ𾢳𣬺ɨķ𾢱֮ǰ棬ǧٱֹ׺Ļ𾢺ɨ֮£޼ķɣƳԵǱ쳣
̫࣬ǻطɣ΢Ц˵һ䣬һ˳޼ǰ˶ˣȻϰҫƶʱٶȣҫһֿסʺ֮Զռɶȥ
Ĺ򣬰ҫų޼ɹľ룬ֱҫǰһƬɽ֮ʱŽϵĳ޼˳˦˳ȥ޼˺ݺݵ˵ϣҳһӡ
ҫص棬ǰӣһԣ֮г޼ȻĿҫȵͻƵ֮ˣ
ҫһ㶣漴΢ЦͷڵţոͻƵģԣаսһúȹһ¾أ
ҫô˵ûѳ޼ķըҫʮĹ⾰ԴﵽǧŴﵽľΪΪȼǿߣеǹɶʼ֮ԽԽ޲ýҫƤǡ
ߣĪҪΪͻƵֵ֮òˣڱֻһֻ΢ϰˣ޼ҧгݵ˵
һ䣬޼λƯգµĺɫɽһϯķ˫˳ƺһ˫īӡӡй׵ֱ·ɽһѹҫƼ产ˡ
ڤơаأ
Գ޼ޱȵӡҫһ˳ƺһȫ汬һַ֮ƣһ֮ڣ֮£һŭצĿ׾ٵĺɢ˳޼ӡ˸˳ȥ
ʮ桤ơɽ
һУֻһжѣͬһлɽԶȥҫǧ򱶲ֹǿƿ˳޼ʽ˸ݺݵĺ˳ȥԴ֮ӳµĹʮȼĹΪˡ
ڰҫ޼֮㶵ĿһԼƣԼһһ⻹ֻԼ߳ɹµһƣԼѾôǿô
ҫ˫ۣռ˵Դ֮Լ֮ϵʮָо԰ҫ˵˵·֮ΨҶ
ʱĳ޼ڱҫһƺɳ֮ʮɹŭ飬ͬʱޱȾҫһƵ֮ǰľˣ⻹ֻͨʽѣҪʹǿеĻôԼܻô
뵽޼һ亹Ժгһܵ뷨λаȨ߲а񣬵һܵ뷨ֻǳ޼ӵôҫѾֵǰѽ


ڰʮ ƭˣս޼
ʱ޼˸ҫ޼ڵսڰҫץų޼ߵʱ˾Ѿʼˡ
ǸеȻǣҫȻһ˲ץų޼ɳôԶľ룬ƾһ㣬ڳ˵УҲֻƷɲˡ
˰ʱ䣬һƬɽ֮иӦ˰ҫķλֻϧûӽҫԲ֮ڣֲѹɽ֮УİĵˣҲҧӲſ˶ʮ׵ľ룬֮á
ˣҾŹͽɣԹͽڵʵ޼СֻаķݣҲҪģƷվ˵ǰ˰΢Ц
ƷɣҫʵôͻƵ־˵ĵزӦòʲôǱڵİɣһĵѯʵ
ƷתͷĹĹԶӣҵĹͽ֮ţ˳ͻƵ֮ģһǿĳɷֶڣ컯֮жǿҲӦοҲȷǺˣͻƾʱͻȥʮ棬ӹ⣬û˴ﵽأ
Ե˵ͷ˸˷ܵĹâΪҫĸףҫȻԽǿԽãνȮӣҫǿеޱȵοԺһԵСͬҲ뷨
ǣȻЧǰҫûˣôأǰʲôֶΣðҫѽһʵ
Ʒ΢΢һЦڻص˭󷨱ҪģŶǾһĸǵİɣٺ٣ǱСӸƭˣǲҫž󷨻ΪѣҪ֪󷨿Ϲʮ֮һĵȼǾֵȼֿЦ𣿡
Խһ㶣ϸһҲϹʮһֲŶϴֺ֮ѵ֮ǳ޼ܵǰˣôܻڣ书෴ƣͲʵ
ۼ˶һȻģƷɵЦݸˣ˵ʵ󷨵ûκƵģʹûҲֻûĴ̼ʱȽϳѣҲֵĻҫҪĻõϰ֮á
һ˽۷׷ףĿɿڴĶһۣпһģŪ飬ǵĵҪƷɼʱϵĻµˣָŰҫԴʲôͿء
ʱѦȻʲôƷɿѯʵƷɣôôãƸɵô
ƷɫԵе㲻̫Ȼĵ̾һڵƱ·ӡˣ֮ԻԲѣǱ˵͵Ϯˡˣ˵Ҳ֮ò˶ãһеʼĩǶ֪ģ񵱳
Ʒɻµһ̣ԵúãȻƷɵĻûжɰĵһǵɴ˫ۣԵúǾ㵣˸ɻˡ
ǣҪٴνô仰ǰġĽ˾ͽ졢ѦԯܡͬʱƷɵģƷҲûлӦǣֻ̧ͷһգ̾һҡҡͷ
ĵ˼ƷɳľٶҲͲشˣ𰸶дˣˣǳƽ٣Ҫˣֻһ׼֣һתƵⷽأһаԵʣ˿һ׼ûа
˳üչ֮ʣԶͻȻһֲĻˣȱˣһŰ򻺻һӻعĶԶǿŰǰҫĳ
ʱصƷɵ˻ûϵ֮ǰҫһǰâų޼ͷݺݵ̧۵ӣϧ֮Զ޼һ²û޼ĹڵأǱѹºôһ飬γһӡ
оֱϴľʹ֮ɫĳ޼һ׾Ĺת£ʮɹµ׾ƾκһ񱬷ҫİ浶âȥ漴һ̧磬ݺݵ˦ҫͷ­
ҫЦһ˦ޣ˦һɼ产˵İһܹصնݺݵ˳޼ȹ֮ϡ
Ǻ˵ȾޱȣȻ޼ȹǸӲˣ񱩵İ𾢣׾ٵĳɢ˳޼׾˸ɳϰ֮Զ
ʮ桤ȡһǿݣ
ҫһ߶˳޼ȹǣ³޼ס֮վȲûԵڵϣȹǴľʹüͣԴ֮޸Ҳգָ֮˹ֻϣ޼ѾȲðҫˡ
ڳ޼ո޸۵֮ʱҫѾ˲˳޼ǰֻ˫߳Ӱݺύ಻Ⱦд֮һƬӰдʮҫĿֲ𾢿޼ȥ֮˷·һԵƥ
ʮ桤ȡǧ£
ޱȣݺУ޼Ҳ룬ʶʮֻؾзֻؾȻһӶûмֵͱҫݺݺ飬ƿ籩һӰ޼ˣǱ
ʱĳ޼һĴ֮ɫˣɰҫз޼벻ͨͬΪϹʮ֮һġʮֻؾڵһսʱǵֵסƷɵһУȴ˵Ĵҫһжס˲飬޼˼⡣
ʵʮֻؾ֮ԻҪԭڳ޼ϣԼ֪԰ҫʱѾ֮ǰǰʮ㣬Ѿʼˣûԭеʵ
а£㻹ҷģĻԼĨĿأҫɭһЦĵ˵
ҫĻ޼һع֮󣬰ҫѾ߸ޣϥǽţ漴˳Ƶһżд̺֮ȾԵƥʵ쾪ضһŷ·Ҫ޼̤һ㣬ޱȿ񱩵İ𾢣ݺݵĺ
ʮҫռɱСʯ쾪
ӭѹϢȷ磬޼һ˫Ŀ̧˫ӲڰҫĽ˫۽Ӵһ˲䣬ֲȾ޼վĵݺݵİȥγһֱа׵ľ޿ӡ
˫ϴľʹԼ۵ĳ޼죬亹֮˫۱۹ȻǱҫһˡ
˫Ӵһ˲䣬ҫȻһЦһպ󷭣ص棬һ˳ƺĴһɭɫİ򣬺ݺݵĺڳ޼֮ϣ˳ƱֲĻ𾢽˶˳ȥȻ䴩һСɽ£޼ΪǱסΡ
ʮ桤С
޼ѪˣһСˣȻϱȲðҫ֮ǰǼ˺ҲֻѷѣʮʥȼĿֲǺţ˫
޼ȥǵѪգݺݵĵҫҧгݵ˵ܺãǿѾвҵı£Բȥ
һ䣬޼һ׾Ŀֲȫ汬˫ƱԳһöͼƣֻӡرԴԼڵԴ֮ںϣɲǼ䣬ɫ谵ضɽҡܿȫڳ޼֮ϣƴ
ۼ޼𣬿ʼ۹ʩչУҫҲһ𾢷ƣֻһԾУ˫һһ֣һֱ߿İǰ֮Ű滺գҲƷɵ˸ոյִʱһĻ
ûãʽѾ۵²ĵزҫֶŰ˳ƺ£ǿŰ·һǣֱ޼ȥ޼Ҳһ˫Ŀӡһ˳ƺһƣ·ɽСӡƿնǰͺȥֲľ·Ҫһʣίʵ
ʮ桤
ӡ
Ǻɫӡײһ˲䣬һһ׵𾢷֯һγһɼ产˵Ļ籩ϯԲ׵ľ룬׿ˣƷɵıµҲֺδ
籩ƽϢ֮Ѿܹӽڵսһ׷׳ڰҫߣǰһƬǽ֮⣬йڵͷɢĳ޼


ڰʮ û뻹δᰡ
ʱǰĳưܵԸӣʮ淢Ĵֲ֮Ѿ޷ˣټϳ޼ȫһǿС
ǿжԺ֮ɵĵƻֻþ춯ĸݣΧѾʮɽ屻ɨƽˣ涼Χһأǧ׵Ŀɿڴ
˻ع֮󣬿˿ҫֿ˿ԶǱĳ޼ͷϲذҫǳ׻ܳ޼ˣ˶ⷽص۷֣Ȼܴӳ޼ǻҵĺѪиоõʱĳ޼ʧȥս֮ⳡֱаľսۣԼһʤˡ
ҫҲǶ΢΢һЦǰߵ޼ǰʱõȻ˵а£Ҫٴȥô
޼þûлػֻͷɢҵĳסգ̾һڵҫôֻ࣬ǲ뱻ѹȶѣΪԼȥȡһУҲдô
ҫ̾Ϣһҡҡͷڵû˲ΪΪԼȥȡԼݵλ棬ȷֵôȡҪģʧȥʲôô飬飬ǰ飬Щ˵һЩûбҪĶõҪõһʱù¶ô
޼΢΢һ㶣Цҡͷڵ¶Ҳںߵһ̣ô࣬ô࣬ΪľҪδԼУֻҪ˰ڲ¶ֺη
ô־ǼᶨǣЩɾˣǵ뷨ôҲҪ԰ɣǶԼȴǺҪģҪ֪ĸԸΪ㸶˻϶ѾˣЩж٣ЩΥѵж١
ĿҪȥʵܺãǲҪ޹صҲĸԸΪ㸶ˣ㣬հЩ޹ʿҲԼĿ꣬ҲԼĿƷа£㲻Լ̫˽ôҫעų޼˵
ʵƲЩаİ߰߶񼣲̸˵޼ˣûôʮ⣬Ȼ˽ڱտڶΪԼжҲˡ
ǣ˽˵ıԣⷽмһΪ˸Լģ˵һûУôܻΪԼȥȡһЩ𺦵˵棬Լܹɳ˽ˡ
ʵÿ˶˽һ棬ҫУУƷУ˶У޿ɱģ˽һҪĻ
ҫ֮ԻᴦһΪû˽ԼЩΪ޼֮ԻᱻаţΪԼѾûбˣν鰮鶼ȲԼҪһּ˻˽ʱҲΪԼΪӦеĴۡ
ؿǰҫĻ޼ͷһԺֳԼһľһ伫ֶȺ˶ȡ˶棬ڤħħأĿΪԼδЩ˽ٵʱܹһ߲λãô
޼õĴûУһ˲ĻԼûһֻǲ˺ˣûʲôܱԼҪⷽҲҪǸȡģⷽصһлԼĵλ棬ûȷľϡ
޼뵽ʱ˫Ŀ͵ı׹ֱǰİҫϵıɲаЦƨ˽Ҳ˵˲Ϊ𣬱ΪԼȥȥȡʲôĪҪΪӮ˱һаʽͿԶԱָֻţҪ䵽ֵزˣܵһУᣬҲúܣ
޼ĻΪ֮һ֮ʣֻ޼˫˲һӡ͵ıһаڹ⽫ҫ֣ڹ͸һɿ⣬·𶳽һУҫеԼ¶á
С̫ˣٺ٣һɣ޼ͷЦƤϳһϸܵĺɫ·ӣޱȵЦݣ˿ȥ˵Ľ
޼Ѿߵĩ·ˣҲ־һݣֱӽԼһ׵ĹгȻԱ汳׵İҫҪߵġ
ǻ֮ΪñԴ֮Աֲ֮ⷽԲǧڶҪΪƽأڳˣƷ⣬Ҳȥ
ֹڱƳԼľͷԼҪԱҫͬھ
˻ߵĺ͵һһһѳǺڹ֮⣬ʩչԼǿĹҪڹϴƣֻϧڹϵļӲ̶ȳ˵󣬾Ȼǳס˵ȫֺ
ˣǵ䲻ϵģſģͽԾȡԶƷɵȻһЦڵ
һ䣬ˢˢĿƷɣֺվԭ˿δͷЦǹңҫʲôΣգôƷͳˣʵ޼Աܡ
˵ʱʱ죬˷ͷʯ֮ʣغڹµİҫѾŭݣҧгݵ˵ֱҩɾȣ
ҫȻһȣʮҫȫ汬ʮɹͻΧѹȣǺڹӦ飬˵˽˱ˡ
ҫһΪâݺݵڳ޼ǰһɼǵĵۣ漴ƺݺݵĺڵ֮ϣ𾢹޼ҽ
Ųƽʩչ޼ڵѪԼȫңȻ˫â޼ڣâڷҴܣգ֮޼ڵĽ˾ųɡ
һСݺݵĺڳ޼֮ϣֲʮ潫޼ɣ˸˳ȥɽҳһ޿ӡ
һ˲ͬһλϣҫǽʽ⾳ӵ쾡£ʽһ¯ôһǾС
ʮ桤һأ
ʱ˿̣˶ˣǵôܿҫһе֮ƿԷĻһ̶ȵĴˣɻƼƣ𾢴ԷڣȻŲѪƣûʱָ
Ǿ񽣶ȴ˲䱬ƣԷصľϾıƣֻʯ쾪޼᲻ݣһֲ֮ҫǿǲضá
ڳ޼ҲֻʣһˣѾҫɢܴųɣڵԴ֮׿ݽߣҫһһǰѳ޼һˡ
޼˵жأҫаԳ߽⣬ֱҫܣһֱҫԴ˿ռ֮УЩߵ뻯֣Ҳֵһᣬаҫڵһ죬Ҳ˷ˡ
ҫһǾͿӶתͷƷɣͷתתָָǿӶڵʦһｻðɣ
Ʒ΢΢һ㶣漴΢΢һЦ˵ͷһһأ޼ѾУ漴һӽ·һĳ޼𣬹âһ֮£ʧ١
ҫҲƷɰѳ޼Ūȥˣֻǳ̾ϢһңգЦ˽һУԺúϢһ
ͽ»Ϣʱ򣡡Ʒͷе㲻̫˼˵
ΪʲôҫһĿƷɣߵҲתͷĵƺʲôҪڣȴֱƷɵһֹˣֻҡͷ̾Ϣ
ģҫôܿԷ£ڰҫҪѯ֮ʱƷɿˣˣ㶼ϰˣⳡϷˣҪٲӿҪˣ֮ǰŪ軹ûأ
ѽŪֲңһԩͷծģ˭Ū㣬ȥѽֻǸģôΪҰɣ
֮Уҫüͷһ΢΢ƫͷԶĿյأǿյ֮ϣһȦȦռɢͻȻռⱻ˻ƣռ֮л߳һ꣬ǰ
ĳ༫信ʣüĿͦ񣬳٣һɫۣ˫ͫתһּ䲻ĸо
ҫǰɣ룬֮ɽһ𣡡
ʮһƪ˷ƶ޼ᡣ
ڴ
ʮƪƪʮ졷


һ 룿봫˵
ҫü߶һ䣬ɲⷽʲôĴڣνһĴֻԶԣ˵ԼʵѰϰҲԿǰ㿴
ܿĳؼԷĳƺţ޼Ĳаƺǰ㣬ͬҲһôװǻƣ֪νҫкǲмҲ͸һ˿̫Ѻõĸо
Ҳ˰ҫǷݲм֮⣬ֻΪԲסҲûѰҫĲ֮ɫһ¡
Ȼ룬ҫȥһ˰ɣͬȥӦûɣƷҫߣЦе˵
ϵЦݸˣ˵ͷڵȻٺò˵ˣֻҪԸ⣬ԶΪ
ĻҫԽ棬Էһһʱ֮͸һֱ΢𾴣ʲôͷʵĽ
ˣĻҲˣذɣ֮ǻڶƷһ
Цеıȭʩ񣬾Ҫתȥ֮ʱҫȴǰһڵ̨Եȣ
΢΢һ㶣гһ϶Цеʵ֣к£
ҫ΢΢һЦڵҲûʲôҪ£λ£˭ôƺ
һ˻ʲôƷ¶֮ɫǰֻЦȴһĨ⣬΢Цصֱ֣ڿ죬֮ʲôײĵط뺣ʵʵ˵԰ֵʵûʸ֪ıֻҪ֪֮Ǹص򲻿ɶ˲
껰䣬˽üͷֱ壬ĵ֪һЩĻֵĻ㵭Ȼȴһɫƣһŭӿĸо
ڰҫЦһ˰˰֣ЦҶΣǵҵģҪǾ鷳ó𾴵ʵʵ˵ġ
԰ҫ䳰ȷҲŭֻ΢Цŵ˵ͷڵȥҵĻҲû취ֻϣ㵽ʱҪΪԴеڲǣԾڴˣڣ
̨ҼߣҰҫʲôˡҫЦһһ˲ǰһ˳ƺʮ𾢷񱬷ֱŶȥ
귴ӦҲ죬һƣƷԣֻһ죬ֲľɨķѹʮ֮ԶҫҲ߰˲סΣֳΨƷһ˿δ
ֻ꣬һѣ˲䱬ϿҪʤҫһҫƴʱ΢΢ţֱѪڲݣаʵֲ֮»Ҫٳ޼֮ϣҲʮƣڷš
ֿ̧˿ǰ𾢣Ǹ߸߹ֻһȭһ͸𾢴ɢ漴΢΢һЦ૵ʮ棬Ȼ鴫ֻϧδλµɹأ
ĻҫҲˣа룬λ߿϶Ҳ֮ˣҵȼԼͬʮ֮ʵǱԼҪǿ֮࣬ǰԼϰ˳ɹˣȻҲֻһ֮˵ɹ˵ʵ붼ÿֲ
ˣҲˣҲˣڸҹɣƷɫһҫô˵ҲͽܣʵԷҲˣô˵еҲסˡ
Լͽܱ˱Ƚϣˣ˵Ʒûн̵ðҫƵģʵƷɻû̹ҫʲôҫнʵһսһսģŴǿԼΪģûƷʲô¡
ǣ߳ŭƷɣ꣬⿴ͥԾһ߶ȴ¶֮ɫΪԼˣ˵ˣ˵ԼƷɵѹȣӶû
ǹɷ·ɽƣƷÿһóؼ֣Ʒߵǰ֮̽ץס죬ֻռ䣬Ƶĸռ֮С
ռѷ֮Ʒ֣ûƵߵǰ˵Ҳʣ֮ҸҫȥһǸǷģҴҫȻ£ֻ£ҫҪߣΪʦҪúõĽ̵һС
һ㶣ĵ˵Ҳûʲô̫ľٶֻվЦΧƷйһѶϢҫҲüֹ
ʵҫ֪ĶҲ٣񶼵ʱԼⷽϹʱڵһЩչָֻû˰ˡ
ۼһһʸͣƷɸеԼͷˣ˫ĿһԶİĽµģ˵Ǽ£Ҹҫȳˣ
˵ҲȰķӦһҫץļգ֮ʧ٣˶ˣƷɾôŰҫȥ˵Ŀּڰĵϣͷۣ˲磬󽻷డ
ͷ֮ǰǱƷɶռ֮е꣬ʱһܻҪƿռ䣬Ʒˣǻû֣ȴֱһ׳סû֡
ˣѵˣǸ׳һ˵
ƲƲ죬ε̾һڻصˣ˵öԣƷɵǱȵǿ˲ٰյĽӰˣʵҲʸδ
Ǹ׳Ʋһۣľޱ˵˶ôģ챻ЩҲƷɵú٣ʱⲻһ֮Լ¾ͿˣȻȥɣ
Ե˵ͷǸ׳ʧ˵ƷߣŰҫֱ˲Ƶ֮ϣѦڵԲƽ̨ϣҫһܣƷ΢΢һЦڵʦǲǸðһеԭί
Ʒûĺ˰ҫһۣڵСӻͦ飬Ϲܣչָ㿴˰ɣ
ҫ˵ͷһ˵ǲⷽصˣǵߡ
ҫĻǿѨ磬֪ǰⷽⷽصԭסҲƹܵģԭⷽزûгʲôȻ֮ҲǷϣҲһֱάضĹɵķչš
ֱĳһ죬֮ͻȻпնпն֮͵â໥֮ͨ󣬾˴֣ǿռⷽأ˾ųɾŵԭסⷽسǵ硣
Щǰҫһˣ˵ʵڵİҫҲûʲô̫ĸдǱϾǧǰˣθɣƷɽԼ˳ȻʲôҪҪԼ
Ȼ֪Ϲܣô֪ǴôΪʲôҪռⷽôʵ֪ĻȫҾͰЩ˵ɣƷ΢΢һЦ֮͸һĪɪɣŰҫڵ
ҫɫһ˵ͷڻصʦ뽲
Ʒһ˵֮ԻռⷽأǱƣÿǧ꣬һûгֻ컯֮ǿߣôλͻ֮е񣬽ⷽصܺͻһ롣
죬Ǹסĵطôҫһʵ
Ʒ΢΢һЦڻصûν칫ʮأһһҲ˵ƹʮ磬ⷽٱɣôƹʮĸˡ
Թһأûгֻ컯֮ȼǿߣôʮеǿнⷽصİ𣬲ҽʣİ˴͵µ֮ȥĥǣôһֱֻȥֱµǿΪֹ
˵ҫ΢΢ü廰˻컯֮ǿأֻʲô
Ʒ˫Ŀ΢΢Ц˻컯֮ǿߣôⷽƿأλЩ컯֮ǿߣΪ֮еһ硣
ʲôôҫüͷĸˣʵ
ʲôãǵͷ䣬ѹեÿһԴ㹻ʵȥԸһΪôǵİǵ


ڶ ʦͽܣ
ƷɵĻǾ˵ĺܣİҫһһ㶵ģһʱ仹еܲˣϾƷ˵һѾĳʶʲô죬ʲôһжζֹ飬Ȼʵڵģ񻰳ΪʵҲÿһ˻ܱŵȻ̬ҫ
Ʒɼ״ÿɷһЦڵɵСӣһãĪҲǿдͨⷽصȱڣ˶ƹѰӻˣȻⷽصԭס˴ôҲǱסǵѪȻĲص֮ǰ˵˲Ϊ𰡣
ҫ΢΢һ㶣漴εЦЦʵ仰Ҳķθ֮ԣԳ޼ʱǳԷΪһжΪԼˣַֻ΢һ㣬Ҫ˵޼ǴĶҲȻ
Ҳ˵ʦĪǰԭеѾǻ컯֮ǿˣʱҲˣֻ֪һЩĻԾܾɣͨԭ֮ⷽıϣȻܹѶ԰ɣҫͷܽһ£˵˳
Ʒ΢΢һЦͷڵûԭȵǷʵ֮ǿҲѷɫʮ٣ܿϧǵȴûȼʵߡǣֻܴƿռ䣬ӵⷽأΪ˻˺üλ֮ǿߣս൱Ĳأ
Ʒ˵֮󣬰ҫһڣ̫Ѩĺúһ£һеʼĩеǰѾˣѹⷽػų߿ƼСڣԭԼһߣⷽԭס
˵˵ȥԼⷽ˿ǷˣȻһǷµծҫҲк֮ˣдһ֮Ҫúòһǣ͵ΪƷɻծ
ˣ㻹ʲô׵ĵطôƷһƽһ飬ҫ΢Цʵ
ҫ˼һ󣬵Ǹ֮ʱ΢΢üڵʦ֮ǰǸʲôˮƽģмǵʵˮƽʲôĳ̶ȣǸʲôľΪ
ƷЦݸˣ˵ͷڵʵˣʵνֻһνˣ㵹ǿԲ÷ϡʮܹʮλÿһλÿľΪǻ컯֮ǿߣ֮λľΪѾ˻컯֮ˣ㵹ǲõǼһｻΪʦԸҪԸʮλ
Ʒɻ֮ʣҫһü⣬Ц˵ʦ뱣סⷽأ񳹵׷ѽ
ƷһЦҵʵѾﵽɨλĵزȴֻһߣʼǵйʱͬգ˵ѾвС޼Ǿ仰˵Ҳɥ֮ȮأƴһƴԼҲŬˣźȥ
ԣҫԸΪʦһƴһƴôӮˣⷽؽñȻ½ԿգԸΪʦҲ㣬ϾΪʦ޹أ˷ǰȥǾһΪʦһе˽⡣
ҫ΢΢һЦֵ˼ǣֱӿڵ:ҵһ¶ʦģʦ˵ʲôʲôοⷽҲҵأܱסȻҪһʦͽԸʦհ
˵꣬ҫʩһ񣬶Ʒɱȭ֣Ʒɼ״Ҳĵ˵ͷǰİҫļ򣬵Ц:ҹȻûմ㣬ˣôʱΪʦúõĽ̵һʱʵһ¥˵ͦ˼ģΪͽû̹㱾£ͽɱ𻳺Ŷ
ҫЦ˵:ѽʦôͻȻŤˣÿǷˣǳںúҰɣ
ƷҲһЦİҫļ򣬿ڵĺˣΪʦʮúõ㣬֤̥ǺɨЩƨλʱʦͽúһʮ졣
һ䣬ҫжʱӿһѪ飬ʵ֮ǰǸ꿪ڱտڶѾðҫܲˣЩԳΪˣһʵǿһ㹦һ㣬Ȼ͸ԳΪˣҫƲˣҲǶǲмһˡ
ǾʦˣӱȻҫһıȭ񣬿˵
Ʒɺĵ˵ͷڵôǿʼɣʵҫĹΪ뾳ΪѾﵽˣҪʽֲУͺľСһ취ľٴĽɡ
ĽôģҾþܲͦʵõأҫͷһʵ
ƷɵȻһЦҡҡͷ˵õʽҪ̫࣬һо͹ˣȷǾףƸͣԵ񽣷ŲβƣÿһԼơ
ʽʽ񽣸ǷΪŽЩʽʵֻʺϻûﵽ֮ͨʱ㣬ڵΪЩʽѾе㼦ˣЩʽòϵģ绯Ϊ򣬴רԼľأ
һ䣬ҫʱǰһԺлȻʣ漴ԹԵĵͷ˼ʵѾоԼľΪߣ֮еĻơ񽣡ŲƶһЩ֮ЩʽòϣԵ൱ߡ
ҫ˼Ʒ΢΢һЦڵȻͬʱ޾澭񹦣һһļ¹Ҷ۷徳磬ټѧ츳ҪƳ³кѣúɣʲôµ뷨Ҫʵ飬ΪʦȺúɣ
һ䣬ƷҲٹܰҫԹԵϥҫҲͬˣ֮˼Լıѧ֮󣬻ı˫ۡ
ʱǰ˲칬֮УҲ˵һⷽϹʱڵĹĿɿڴһǳԾĲУһµĸо
ʵҲ񻰹ˣϾǣʮЩλЩûģȻֲˡ
ڰΪʲô֪һУΪҲǴһתƹԭǷصľޱЩƷɹͬµˣҲв룬Ȼ֪һԭɵġ
ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣʵ˵ЩҲûʲôãΪĲ岻֣Ҫʮ죬л컯֮Ϊ򣬽뵽ǱɵģĿռﲻ̫һǾָģΪû컯֮Ķᱻ˲ĨɱһλǵÿҫƷˡ̾Ϣһҡҡͷڵ
ǰҫΣôеʵ
ĿһЦڵİɣһȥ죬һƷͬǶԷһٸģƷɵʵǾԲµġ
һеĴʯǷҲǣ֮ǰƷɿǵ˵Ҫǰģô϶ǴҪðҫȫģƷ׵ʵҫҲʲô̫Σա
ˣǱ߹Ǳߣ߻ûأȻаѾ𣬱Ͼһа뻯ĸ֣Ц硢κơ˽֮ĸֶ֪٣Щħ޻һЩ©֮㣬ҪЩ⴦ɾеæˣɢ˰ɣİ˰ֿڵ
Ҳֻεĵ˵ͷʵﲻҫҲ㣬ҲֻȰǰ鴦ã˵ав⣬Ȼ֮ҪЩβĹãðҫûк֮ǡ
µʱ˵Ҳ죬֪бԹȥʮʱ䣬ǲµĻɽڲԲ̨֮ϳֳ״̬һ൱ĸо
ģҫţԶƷɣ΢ЦʦԴ⼸лɣ
Ʒһһ˷ܵĿ⣬΢ЦСӣģ⼸ģпҲ൱Ĳ죬Ϊʦ㲻ͣУȡʱ֮ǰ⼸Ϊֹ򲻿иô
ҫһЦڵʦ
Ʒĵ˵ͷڵȻԴʽôְɣ
ҫ㶣ͷ˼һ󣬺Ȼǰһ΢Ц˵ͽоɣ


 Ī⣡һ磡
ʱҴңµʱգ۱һ峿ҫƷɻص˰˲칬ٴγǰİҫǰͬһֺƽĸо
ʵԽǿˣԽܸܵڲͬͺһӵоâУȴֱʿ֮ڣֻʱκһ㲻ʰ
֮УʵǿǻҪѦˣ˱˴˶һۣܴӱ˴˵֮пһĨ𾪡
Ѧ˵Щʲôߵͷʾ⣬Ʒɴ˸кתȥˣȥʱ͵͵˰ҫһۣҡͷЦ
Ƕе㿴͸ҫˣͷ·𵱳ǽҪƿⷽʱƷɸǵĸоǰ㣬򵥵˵ĸ֣ɲ⡣
ҫ֮󣬸˴кڰҫ̸۽֮ʣļƷһԣ͵͵ָָҫѯʵƷɣҫʲôŶ̶̵ʮѣȻܽı䵽ֵزһ㵱Ǹʱĸо
Ʒʼ磬ЦĹԶӣҵĹͽ֮ţѧ츳ߵˣԸͳԿͣһϵȵҵľĵ֮£ôܳɲ˲
ķ˷ۣеܲƷԸһͶûУƷˣǧ궼ûбҲϰˣǵͷ˼һᣬڵ˵ЩûõģҰĵĶӣЩӣֻһ£ҫʵȥʲô̶ˣЩλ٣
Ʒ΢΢һЦҫ˸һԺɫ˵ȻûҵǸ̶ȣҲԶˣЩλ֮ĲҪȽֲãһһ£κһλĶ֣޼СӣӦֻоܽС¡
һ漴Цչ˵ͷڵƷɣҴûʲôζҪҫ£ϣΪ˸ĸ
ƷɵȻһЦİĵļ˵İɣôֵˣʲôô֪ܲһŵһҪҲҫƽϾҲҵĹͽ
һ㶣漴ҡͷЦǽɰʲôʮ㵱ֲûȫôˣ˵ЩʱʮѾðȥ׼ϯǿ飬ϴ
ƷɿЦ˵ǸãҲܾûиһȾˣҹʱ֮ǰǾͻʱǼֵܣ飡
ЦڵҪ˵ǲ㣬Ҫ˵ǿɲѽ
˶һ۷ЦؿҫߣˮĴۣҫ磬ʮǷȥô
ҫ΢΢һЦĸ˸㷢ڵЩӲ˵ģҲѾһеǰˣûӱܣǽ³׽ĺãûк֮ǵ
ҫô˵ҲԶԣҫҪȥ죬Ҳסֻ̾ϢֹȻˡ
Ҷļеأæǰ廰ĵܣǰ˵ʲôʮλǻ컯֮ǿߣʵΣܵеùô
ҫƺҲоеͳ˼һתƳƳ죬һĲм֮ɫ˵ʲôλλģҿǲ֪νŶԣﵽ֮ԳΪһ֪ǲǵɢŶԡ
ƦƦĻǰ˶ˣҲ֪ʱ˿̵İҫѽȣָƷ˰£ʵоŶԣʵѾЩλ֮£Ʒһ·ͬտţ˵ĵҲǷࡣ
ĵܣѾ鵽ЩаĲе֮أЩôãǰһѯʵ
ҫüͷ΢΢ϸһüͷչЦȫץˣȻ鷳ʦС溰ʹԸƵľͷһ·Ͼк֮£һЩɱҵҲǺһɵĴаͷģֱɱˣҪϢǡ
УѸ£Ұ˲칬ֻҪʡ֮أĵȾָǣκɵʲôŭԹ֮£Ұ˲칬вþ߸ɱۡ
һ䣬˵жǳһ˿˷֮ɫҫǰѰ˲칬һȻĵλ԰˲칬ʵû˸ҶΥǻζˡ
֮󣬰ҫֽһЩ£ߵǰһǸͦıӣ΢΢һЦһΣһ˴£úùӡ
΢΢һ㶣ȻһЦڵҫ磬˵ģҪ˵Ŷ
һԼȳ׷ҴӦ飬ʲôʱ򷵻عҫ΢΢һЦ
һ䣬΢ЦͷҫҲһЦ漴ԶƷɣҲ˵ͷҫתͷǰˣ΢ЦֵǣһǺúúһ飡
һ䣬ҫƷͬʱʧУ˱˴˶ӣǳ̾һȥҫƷٴ֮ʱ￪ѩɽ֮ˣܰѩĻ鲻ɵ˳ࡣ
ɽɽɽһ壬ɽɽѩȻϺǾɫȴ൱ˣһĿĸо
ڰҫƷɸոûãǰͻȻֳӰһǰǰǰ꣬һһδ󺺣߰˳߿⣬ŨüۣˣǸЦģʮ㡣
֣֣ҵȿǹʱˣʩһ񣬺òк
νֲЦˣнڣҫȻҲѣҲֻҽ̽̽ԷʵѣڿҲûôᣬҫȻǻЦӭ
̨ǰҫʧ벻Ҫϣҫ̨Ǹˣ̨֪ôƺҫȭ֣΢΢һЦʵ
԰˰֣΢Ц֮ǰ¶ȥˣˣҲֻǸдѣʧµҲѾܾˣҵλģͬʱҲ˳ƺţ־ͽҵĳƺšo졯ɣߵλͬҲĳƺźˣ
Ǵ󺺼oܵԼֻǿŰҫƷĵ˵ͷкˣҲûϣͷʾѺá
ˣʱҲˣأλԵȣoŰҫƷ΢΢˵ͷЦ
֮ʣֻo˫ӡٿľˣһϢ֮Դʮӡӡ֮󣬟o±һҫ۵Ľ⣬֮һööɫĴڷɳһضĹڵ֮ϣγһɫͼȥ
λƲ̤󣡡oָָϵĽɫͼڵ
ҫƷɶһۣҲû˵ʲô߽ͼ֮У֮oҲ˽şoӡһתϵĽɫͼ͵ıһɼ۶ĿĽ⣬һţʧ١
ʧһ˲䣬ҫֻоΧһƬʻ磬һԼһٳȥת˲䣬߿֮ϣȻһء
ҫ΢΢һ㶣תͷo죬һʵo֣ˣô
ôĲ̫һ԰ɣo΢Ц˵˰ҫĻҫҲ˵ͷȴoĻش
ʵʮʮأÿΪһ磬ÿһ綼һλλĸߵʵǿΪ׼ԽǽӽʮһλʵԽǿСܲţλڵ߽磬λڵأһ硣ĵʮһ磬ûһԾҪøλʩչһһĴȥoĵĽ͵ҫȻĵ˵ͷƷɱֵĺǵȻֻɫȥ˵㡣
ˣץʱ䣬ĵطͷˣo쿴Եߴٵ
Ĭ˵ͷҪӡ֮ʱҫȴ䲻Ŀڵ
o΢΢һ㶣һʵ֣к£
ҫüͷɫķ·ҪγѪո֪̽һ·ԲڵһǰҫһЩԻ˵Ļ棬Щ޸֮˱ɻ׵Ļ棬˴ػƶޱߵĻ棬¶ɱ¾Ļ棬Ĳãǵ


 ȻŭĿֲ
ʱoüͷ壬Ƿְҫͣ˷ȥٶȷǳѸݣĹ쵽˰ľ˷Χ
Ƿ״Ҫôдo죬ϱûʲôڣʱȥǳһ˿ŭ⡣
û취Ʒɲǲֵģûһ˫ɱ˵ôo촫ص
ⲻ˵֪oĻո£͸оһ˿˵ɱ⣬ɱƷɵ񣬴ʱƷֱĿşo쳣
ʵƷԭе콵֮˽ƷĪƣԼ컯֮ǿߣ
ʱҲ࣬Ʒɵ˿ıʣ˲Ȼŭʮλ֮սһֽ˸˳ȥҴֽƷɵڵĨȥƷɽϵи֣ͨλ澧ڲ㣬ⷽء
ʱİҫҲھƷǵĳǾǿıʣȥãʵȴǵͬһ磬ðҫը˷Σ˫߬ȭͣĹǽžԿŭ˼
һʲôĻ棬»Ȫ֮ȶǲضãӰҫ֪̽µǣԴѷΪȥֻȥɱȷֻ
ͬʱҫһǳ˼飬Ҳ䣬߶Ǿ֣Ϊߵȴֻг۷塣
˵澳֮еĳɳѸͣԼһӣ˾Ϊʵǵ͵ĲǴʱ״̬·Ǳٿһ㣬ججʬ⡣
ʱ򣬰ҫԼ˻һעşo˵λһʵǰ˼⣬ÿһأҿô
o컹ûü˵һԵѾһ˵:ΣΣйϵôһҵأιθɣ
һҫ˫ĿԽ䣬Ǹ߸ЦǸ޹أûҲͰˣȻҿˣҷǵùһܲɡ
Ǹʵô˫Ŀ΢΢к䣬
ۼձýҫĻַǳĳ壬oæǰԲڵ֣µķԸÿһ綼ҪȡųɵԴͳһ䣬Ͼ칲ʮأȻҪ׵ģҲԼӦҲɣ
ⲻ˵һ˵˻ҫŭϼŭɫޱȣȵ䣬Ƿ˭ˣǷĳɹб˽ֻԼʲôڿװǣ
һoɫŭգҶ
һֺֻ̧һȭֲ۳һֱҫ۳ľ·һ㣬쳣ľˡ
ŭɱ
ۼϮҫһҲƣھ֮ʣȻֱ̧ץס˾磬ȻսӲȥһֻһףɴһеԲʲôѰʽ
һĻĳ֣oΪ֮һνп֣пŵoڰǰҲҫ֣ʱоҫûʲô˲ģ潻ֵĻڶʮڣҫ׻ɱ
ڿҫʱͻͽеľoҲ֪֮ҫʵй֮޲ϾԼûͣҫͽľ
˵ʱʱ죬ڰҫ󱬾֮͵һǰɳڰҫ֮ǰһֵ֮УҫͻȻе㷴Ӧ
ҫҲô࣬ȻˣǾҪȫԸץסһ˲̧һֱţʮ𾢵ķ񱬷ҫ⿴ƽƽһֱӽɳǧ׵ľ롣
ҫҲסεĻᣬһԣգ֮䣬ʮƿ⧲֮µ˸ţֱӱҫ˵棬ҳһӡ
ϣҲˣһʵֱ֪νҫƳһ۵ϵӣ֮г˳֮⣬
ҫҪ㲻úһŭȣ籩һдȻһ죬ʮбӿҫΧסצ˹֮֮֮ͣǰһǿʮֹǾ춯أš
죡
леƣֵҳУҫЦһھ澭ͬʱ𣬹˫˫ﵽ۷ֲ֮ʮҫ𾢺ƺһ㽫ΧЩͣڰҫʮ֮£ȴһʱ䶼ס׷ױճޡ
һ˲䣬ҫ͵һ˫Ŀܵİ˲ջصҫڣΧ¿ʼ½һϢ֮Խ±¶ȣŰҫ׹£һ˳ƺƾһĹҿ񱩣ޱȣ⺮ƾ֮Уһɼֲİ𾢣
ƺƣ
Űҫһƺܶʱֻһ죬ҫ˰ӡֱӺ˾޿֮Уǧ׵ĳмЩмһǡ
һԵğo춼ˣûعһɿֲİ𾢱ǾޱȣûӰгڟoС
ҫһֿסʺôֵĳڟoǰϻһĿĵӡӡ䣬뺮棬Եúǰҫ֮ǰǰϾеʽԴľ
ʽѾҫ׸ˣ֮еÿһʽҫںϸ죬Ƴ³£ΪԻơŲơľࡣ
һƣѱҫĳɻƺƣƾΪ㣬Ǿ澭˵ĽѪﵽصǣƵáڲʮʥһ𾢣ڽбơ
ڶѱҫѩâɴСĵԴﵽɿ⣬˱޿ɱܡҲԺͨһ͸һڡ壬ӳٷʹԴʱٷӿ
Ųƣѱ籩Ųƣ籩ŲƣŲƲ࣬ǹģǿҿ԰ѵ˵ĹȥҲзжߵ˵ĹרԼкֻм˶һĹԪأʵҪС
ľ񽣣ѱҫɾĽȫһֻɾ澭ĺ۶ɵģӵż԰жķɽڣʴ˵ڽ
ľǰҫյǿʽˣһһȡ侫ȥɣ֮ǰһֱڸƷԵţСԣǿĿֲ⿴ҫһжӲ¾ܿϰҫľΪ
⣬ҫµʱɲֻԴ˾ѣҲ֪Ʒɴǣðҫ澭ﵽƽĿģϾʮĻѾԶԪ֮԰ҫкܴ谭
ڰҫǵʱļ澭ļںϣת֮ʮʥԶӶ󹦸ɡ
ؿǰҫһֿĲӣһѾȥҫƾ֮ǿܳܣûбҫһбѾ˵ˣҫ֮ʵǷ·صľһ㣬ͲĶ֡
ʱğoѾ𾪵ĲУҫʵ֮ǿǳ֮⣬ֻڰҫϣȻܵûҪ취²С
ҫΪ񰡣oȻĵ˵
ҫЦһ˫Ŀ͸䣬ЦҪԼð
oüͷšһ˫ֱͻȻһöɫģ͸һɫĻƺҪ˵˼


 һһȥ񹬣
ʱğoŭ˼Դӱ£λ֮ʲôʱƹǸ߸ϵ񣬳ŸλߣԼ⣬ĸǶĤݡ
ȻҫƣȻҪ棬Ҫʲô༸λֻ֪ΪǵЦ˵ֱĥ
ۿşo׼ҫ˰֣Цҿ񣬸ϵǲһ·ɫ
oƳ˰ҫһۣ漴ֿƷɣ˵Ʒɣͽܣ᲻̫˵㰡
ôҹͽ˵ʵҲʲôⰡƷǸ߸Цͣ
ӣǳİӣoҲǿ˵ŵƷҫǴ˳ģһģǽⷢˡ
ȻֻǟoһԸ뷨ʵƷҫǿ磬ʲôòĿݶˣﱾһԴȱƶ֮Ҳˡ
ǣԴɵһУֱǿΪȻö֮˵ʲôͳһԴӦýб˽ҲŶԣЩһȺ˵˵硣
ܵĴ뵽ԼҲ⵽ĴͲһȻҪúõһȻҲڵʵ
ֱƷɵ̬֮󣬟oҲû˵ֻһƳһƷɣ漴һΪһӰҫҫ΢΢һ㶣ϵѾoߡ
ŶҪǿܶడҫһü⣬תͷԶğo죬Ц
ҲҵһμʱǿʮֹҪΪԼǿ˾ͿţʵʹǿңҲܱǿʮһһǿҲֻǵڶѣ֮ϻаλε㡣ǸüĻֹҪڵأҲҪһoľޱ˵
ҫһ㶣漴Це˵Ұҫƽ£һƶޱһ¶һǱвo죬
ҫһ䣬ɫ쳣һѸײڶ֮oǰûعֱӾͱҫһƺɣϵҲ׹ȥո׹֮ʣֻƷִ̧˸ָһᾢڿС
ͽȥΪʦƷ΢΢һЦڵ
ҫ΢ЦͷĿһԼɵğo죬λΪһâգ֮׷ϟo졣
ۼҫ׷ʹ򣬟oһŭ˫˳ƺʱʢҫ۵Ľ۳һɺҫȥɽǿӭľϢһoѾǿࡣ
ʥӡƣ
ҫһͬҲ˫ƺƾȴȟoǿ࣬䣬oĽһԺ䣬ֱӾͽѹ˻ȥ˵ĺoĽѪ·𱻶һ㣬Զֺ
ƺƣ
аҫԸ߸ûֵڻɟoҲͬҲԵֵҫ˫ƺݺݵĺ˟o֮ϣ˲䱬oڡ
o챻ҫһк棬͵һѪѾȱĽ𾢵ĴݲУܴأֻһжѣo˲Ұܡ
ǟo̫Ӧǰҫ̫ǿˣǰĵ˵ģڵİҫһֵƷɵĸоָоǿĸоƷʮǰѰҫ̳ɲˡ
ԭҲͱǸǿһѣΪһսأҫƲƲ죬˼׹µğoһۣ˵
ʵˣoȷǱǿȴûǿ̫ţͬҲǰҫһ֮˶ǰڰҫĻƺ֮£ֶδܿ°ҫһС
ʱڟo콫Ҫ׹֮ʣֻ˫ӡתһţһӣѾʧӰ٣Ҳͬʧ
ҫ΢΢һ㶿һԶƷɣ漴ʵʦǺ񳹵ʧһ֮УҸӦˣoȻ֮ͣǰôأ֣
ƷЦİҫļ򣬿ڵΪǲѧʽҲʲôطոһ˲ʮ֮һֻвʩչĳʵҲûʲô˲ģܹʮ֮⴫˲ưˣӦоܵһ
ҫ˵ͷ漴üڵҴˣȻǸˣڸôȥڶأˣҲҪ취һѲǡ
Ʒ΢΢һЦڵҪȥڶҲûа취Ϊʦˣǻﲻǡ
Ϊʲôҫһɻʵ
Ʒ̾Ϣһƺʲô֮һ֮󿪿ڵΪһƵģֻҪһ֮£鶼Ҳõģа취ڵľҫʲô뷨ô
ҫ΢΢һЦ˫Ŀ˵ľ⣬ЦҼȻ˟oλǱȻưոݣɴһݣֱһһȥǴ´ҲǸʲôƣǿɲʲôӣѵġ
˵úãΪʦķ緶˵İ죬ʦͽʹһأʲôùܣֱӽʮ֮ʮ֮ͳˣΪʦԸƷŰҫļЦ漴һ˵
ҫҲ֣µĵ˵ͷƷɼ״΢΢һЦ˫ĿһһһƥĽⱬܶʱֱ죬һǵĽ⽣ҫҲϤڼսаŴʥеʥʱͨͨʶwνǰࡣ
Ȼڽʧ֮һޱȵľͽâӶ·֮бգ֮˵Ľ£˶һһԾ̤â֮ϣҫվ֮󣬷ֽâ쳣ͬʱһĻеһĺ
ҫѩwνֱԼ籩ŲƶδܷסƷɵʵǿ󣬹⻹ֻʵеıɽһǰˡ
˾ôվǾ޴wν֮ϣֱʣڷɵһ߶ʱƺܵʲô谭΢΢˶٣ҲֻһϢ֮䣬â㽫ǰոһ˾ôŲȽеڿռ֮ڡ
ͬʱʮһأҲǵʮһһ֮Уһûʵľ͹ڰУ޴ޱڹı淺һ㵭ĽɫΣһޱȵĸоʮ֮ľۼأ񹬡
ڲ֮ϣһһڸһ׳ף׵ľͽݣռ֮һͽĳֽɣɢһӫ⣬˻һĿĸо
ܹʮڣڽûˣ˽ڽݶվһװĹˣ̬ӣҸƲϿûһʡ͵ĵƣǱʮʮ֮еаλ
ʮڽ֮һƽ̨տҲֻڷһżƵʯΣγְɫһͿʯĵ̶ɣֹ쳣ľϸʽҲۼµĺܣʮ죬ı
Ʒɻˣ˵ĵӣ˟oŵĺأڵ ϣһĿӣ΢Ц˵
ѽҪôԷƷɰʵжǿҲĵȥǻҰܣҲпԭ ϵһ꣬ƤЦ˵
Ʒɱǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ĵǾѾﵽʮռ磬ͬʱ˾澭ͬѾﵽ۷֮ľԪ磬ʵǿĽ ϵһ꣬˵
껰֮ʣ˵Ŀⶼ˵ھŽ ϵһ꣬ͷһν˵Ҹɶл
˽̤֮ʣ֮ǰ͸ɢɫķ֮£һߵ˳С
˳ֵһ˲䣬ˢˢĵϥ¹ȵߵ
ţոڱչأˣʲô¶˵˵ɣƷɻô


 Ҳ棡һأ
ʱ֮Уʮƹǰصĺܣڰ֮ڣӶɫڵȥҲǵͳˣŮȻǿڸǹġ
ƷͽҫѾ֮УֻǸһڶğo˳ͻҽǶ˴ˣѾͻ˵һıϣڳŵڶıϳȥᡣ
˵ǵʮһ꣬һͷ෢˫ͫ𣬻͸һɼĽ⣬һĸо˵Ǳλǿ١
ڰʯ֮ϣԵ˵ͷ֮󣬿ڵ:ӣҲȷһУӦҳӵģǺǣҲñҲǧδ֣ȻƣǾԱаɣ
ƵĲĵӰҫoҲǸҫ෢ӴϵһĨ⡣
Ǿһ˵:ⷽ½ǿ߰ɣȻӵʵٺ٣ͦȤģɣǶصԼһȥǿÿһıϣֻаҫǻܲȥһ磬ͦҫܴڼȥƷ
˵ͣһ£漴һץԵĿռʱŤգ֮䣬ƷɾȻŤĿռ֮Σռָ֮ƷѾ˵ǰ
ϵһˣøýĶѾˣʲô淨ƷƲһԴŽţƦʮ˵
ʲô෢ȴǲˣüͷ΢΢һ壬ɷĵͺȵ:Ʒɣע˵̬ȣ֪ڸ˭˵ôǰֲ
һڳ˶ˢˢ෢ӣеɫܹŹֻ֣һ˼Ǿ:ϴҪʼô
ƷƲ෢һۣһŶ䣬һ߿ڵ:Ҳҵ̬ʲôⰡǹͽ˵ǰ㣬ǵֲҵģбҪϥĸ˵ô
෢ӲȻŭָһ˦֮£һʮɫ޽ֱƷɶޱȣ෢ȻҲһ֣ôƷǰýе㲻ˡ
ֻƷ˿Ǳ޽Լɾ޽Ӵʱ޽ȻʼѣֱӽƷһëû˵
˽һĿɿڴȵĻ෢ӣʱ˫۵ɵĹԲϾǲ˼֮ɫ·𿴵ƵģĿƷɡ
ƷɵȻһЦ䣬з˫ۿ෢ӣ˵:ҵĹôûǳԲǴúúý̽ǣʲôʱ÷ͣʲôʱðһѽ
һ䣬Ʒָֽ͵˦ɫĽâƿ籩һк羪Σ缲磬ǵصĽâһʰϵİȫ֣·һ㽫ǳɣƵǺޱȡ
Ľŭ
Žâĳˢǰλߣ׷׽Լ۵۷壬ҪǿеֿƷɵĽģâϯ֮£׵ľ෢ӱݺɡ
ٿշʱǸģϼâƲĻҪǱֶǱĻ֮ǰǰʢˣм˱âԭеλá
âɢֻ֮ʣվԼһڽ֮ϣ˶Ѿâɨ֮µĿյϣǺݺݵĶƤ
ؿӲסƷɽеλߣֱǵĽݵӣԼھŽݵ꣬ʱĶ˽ţ䤱ϵҲ𲻿ȻȥͦǱģǱЩƷɺ̨׵ȣ֪Ҫ϶ٱǶ˱סԼ档
Ʒɿվ̨ʱʱЦ漴תͷָָǶ˵ιͦ󰡣Ǽǿٰɣ
ʼնûκξٶ˵ͷڵţ˵ûĿԺƹ߽ܵأʥƹܵʮġ
һǱ֮һ׵׳෢ӽһǰ߻̾Ϣһҡҡͷʮλľģ˵ʲôʲô׳ҲûʲôԹԣԼ˱ְҲӦõġ
෢ȴǶƷŭĿӣֻҲҽʲôȨҷҲûǸʵȥƷ鷳еԹ޶йҫϣϾ˶úõкҫ
ʱ·˰˰֣ڵˣȥɣصԼһȥú׼
һ䣬˽ʩһҲû˵ʲôֱȥƷҲǣֻĶţЦˣҲҴˣʹ㣬ʲôֱ˵ɣ
Ʒɵ̬ȣƺûаλ߸ϵҲû̫ȥӽһЦڵֻһضѡ
Ʒһü⣬µĿڵŶ˼ôķ
Ͷͽܰҫܲһֱ汾Цڵ
ⱦͽֵ̳ģǼҲ͸ոпõĻֱ㣬򵥵ĺܡƷЦ
ٺòӮˣⷽҲҪˣǳþõסȥ˵ĻⷽҲȡͽܶҪЧңΣ˰֣Ц
Ʒ˫Ŀ΢΢һ䶨ˣ͸һأ˿ɱˣʮ֮˵ĻԷڵİ
˰ֶ֣һʯָָڵİɣ˵һοҲδؾӮˡ
ƷҲֵЦƣ
˵ͷ̧ǰĨȥĻǰշ·ˮһɢ漴һ棬гڵͷ˼İҫ
ؿҫߣ֮ǰһ̣Ʒɴʮڶ˵磬Ƕ˸绹ûãƷߵĿռǳͻأŤһӣƷɱ㱻ЩŤĿռذΧգ֮䣬Ʒʧˡ
ʧ֮ǰһ˲䣬Ʒɵö֮ͨһЩҫԺУҫΪ֮һ㶣ƷɵʧµwoνҲ֮ɢҫն˳˼֮С
ʦôĻĺôİõӣԿҫ̾Ϣֹ
ڰҫ֮̾ͣʱ֮͵һһɼ͵ѹ̶ĺХҫĤʹҫ̧ͷȥһŽĳ꣬ЦͣĿֻ˫߬ȭ䲻ֹÿһȭܺһɼֲ
ɲǼ䣬һɹɼ񱩵£ҵĸǧٿףһƬǽ壬ҫӰҲ֪١
ۿżԼһĵ棬ЦһڵߣΪж˲ԭҲпãoȻķϣǲ֪ν
֪ν㣡
Ļո£㴫һͳɤҫ֪ʱ󣬴ոջع֮ʱŴһҵʹ֮У˱ҫһ߷ɵǧ֮⡣
ס֮ʱҫͻȻǰһֱ£ֵ̧ӣҫһƣǾ㣬ҫһƺ档
ûأҫһлƺƺ£޴ıӡ·ɽһݺѹ£Ȼһ죬Ǳӡôѹ˵֮ϣѹһֱ׿ӣͬʱԲǧ׵ĵ棬һɼ͵ĺ֮ǣ˲һıǡ
ҫô֮ϣŵϵıǣʱȥöƱҫƲƲ죬ţһжӲסҲûoǿ٣Դޣ޲ɼһ˭
ڰҫĻոûãͷϵ֮УͻȻһпնҫ̧ͷȥֿ˿ϵıǣ˷ۣҡҡͷСֹռϴˣһӦǵ񣬺÷ϰ


 Ľ硤Ŀ黯ƪ
ûõĶ͸𣬺ߣһ֮гԹôɸֵζ
ҲǣλߣoҲòȥڰҫͬҲ߲һаʽҪ֪һﶪĿɲֻԼҲˣҲѹŭ
Ҹֵʱ򣬾͸˵һϹϹҲǰװ˷׷ڻû뵽㻹ѵʲôȹϵƷƳһߵ䳰ȷ
Ҳ֪Ƣãô£Ʒֿ˵ȻҲǶԵλŭƽֻصǺܾǰˣǷһ飬ǰиңծѻһӦñҸ
һƷɶʱһתͷ˵һֱԼӸոһƺ˽ҵӣ㵽˭
ЦһĻصıͽǰһ㿴ҵ®ɽ棬ʱ֪ˣȺúõĿϷɣ
ô˵Ʒֶ˺þã漴һҲٶʣתƵǰĻ֮С
ʱİҫѾ뵽˵Ľ֮У֮ⷽ˲;ˣǰ󣬿ǸǰȻͬǳһƬܾ֮ɫˣĿĸоǰ˻ƶ񤡣
ɾڰҫʱɫʱһ䣬üͷԼľܵһ̶ȵѹƣ״̬µԼ⾫ٶȣ˰ٱֹ
һˣǻ֮УȻжʩչĸ֣̫ô
ҫüͷԵúǲ죬ǿȣȻ˱˵Ļ֪ԷǸⷽľǿߣ֮ǰλߣǿ˲ֹһΰ
ҵĻʵһе鶼ҵĻ֮У׼ĽȻҪҵĻأ
ͻأֱӳڰҫԺУǰѰҫһ˶Էľ֮ǿԼȾй֮޲ĽĿռ䣬붼еˡ
λ̨˵ҿҪǿƳĻˣһزʲôӰɣҫǸ߸߹Ц
ŶǸƳҵĻԿƿҵĻҾĻһֱɣķ羰ҲûίأٴûʲôȥȴЩ
򵥣
ҫ΢΢һЦ˫ĿһһɭɫۿƮɢִ̧˸ָһ죬ҫ͵ӿһɿ񱩵İ𾢣纣ǣϯ֮£ת˲߾ͷΧĻյŤΡ
ûãҫջػ𾢣һȣܵĿռѣԭʤյĻľʼٵлҲܲܵĻ䳱ʪ谵ޱȣһĸо
ҫ۹ƣǰһӣòʣͦΣ˫ĿһڵȥҲͦģɫۣڳ֮ϻӡһööѶģγһͼȥĺܡ
ľ֮£ôģ΢΢һЦѯʵ
ҫһܣ̾һڵҵǷ֮Уһܣǿʮ֮һ򷨟o޵ľ֮ĻȻǿҲѲҡ
Ե˵ͷ΢Цǲǳڹķѧʽһ༼ܣܺãǿôҽһ£ʮĽλߣĿҫָ֣̣
˵ĿȻҫһ񣬰ҫҲΪ֮һ㶣һ΢ʮ˵˾һӵʮصĶλ磬ʹÿصƶϰΪϰϲܶһɣǰҫΨһ벻ͨĵط
ҫ֣ȥͱҪҲſԣǶ֪ڵһ˵ĻҪһһȥôҶѾ׼ˣأĿȻһЦڵ
ҫЦһҡҡͷڵҲ˵ԼжΰֻǵǶԴԼеˣѹեԼеԴֺǵôûйô
ҫĻĿ˺һӣȻ󳤳һ΢Цҡͷ漴԰ҫ˵ʵֻ֪һ֪⵱еҲ˵ͨʮ֮Լȥɣ֮Ҿһ仰
һҫüͷɫķ·ҪγѪ˵һҵĻ˵Ƿϻôģȥǵˡ
ҲҪȻҲУĿɫһ
׵ĺܣҫһ䣬Ųһ֮£ֱӳĿǰһ˳ƺݺݵĺĿš
ĿҲ˵ãȻ˫Ŀڵþ˫ۣ֪ǿҫһƻûӱѾ˹ȥ漴˫˳ƺ֮£һ˫޴ӡѸײڶ֮ƿҫ
ҫаһĿǺÿķӦo컹е˭˭˭ǿ˲ֹһǰ㣬ۼһ˫ӡҫ˫ĿһƵ
ھ澭ĺ֮£һ޴ıââʮɿ⣬һ࣬ĺдŵâĿһ˫ӡݺɢâȥƲῳĿĲƾޱȡ
ѩ
ѩƼѸͣҵâдż±ѩ֮âδޱȾҵĺѾһĿһȴ޹âھĿҪҵľʱĿθ߸ֻһαǱâն飬ȴû˵֡
ҫз˫һĸ֪ǿĲ˼飬ܱҾ޴ɶ㡣
ҫ˼һ˫Ŀ͵ı⣬˫ָ۳һһ˫ۻԲתںһγһ̫ͼͼֱ׿⣬ֲǣУԲǧڵĻľ漴ǣ飬֮ʢòˡ
籩Ųƣ
ʱĿŸոԾûãñǣɽһĻҫе㲻ԼһУĿοʼͣľ޴󻯣̶̼ĹĿѾٱࡣ
Ӹ߶Ѿ˰ɿ⣬൱ڰҫıӰǰͣɱӰǻûģȻҲǷ·ʵһĴڣǰĿʵʵڵʵ壬ҫ籩ŲƸͳ˵𣬾ƶֶܡ
ŵôоǷصֻҵΪнзأˣ
Ŀһ䣬̧־һȭݺҫǷ·һСɽСȭ棬ĺХԼϢȭѹ¡
ҫɫһһ˹ȥĿһȭ˵ϣȻûаҫȴҳһĿĵľ޿ӣ涼ݣ⾪춯صһȭǺ
ԾܲԾһжԾоܲʵˣѹһܶùҵѩܱ˾޴ԭһĻ֮а
ҫа룬ʱһеԭɣʵʼһֱĿĻ֮У֮ǰƽĻֻĿԻģĿ֮Чҫġ
ɰҫǷеΪʼǻԻģɰҫľǿĿĻôͿŤתһС
ʱİҫվΣ˿˫ʩչ򷨟oĵƪƪʼϵʱ䣬黯ȻȻתһ̣ҫĴ򷨟oͻƵռƪ黯ƪ
ҫ΢΢һЦ̧һָǰմǰĿռһŤ·ˮһ㲻ͣͣĿǷ·һΣһӣΧĻٴת䣬ҫԼһƽԭ֮ϣǰĿĿɿڴ
㣬ôģĿѵ˿ĭ
ҫ΢΢һЦڻصҪŴȥô


ڰ Բգѧ
Ԫ뾫ںϲԪΪΪ߽ϾȻǾûб䣬䱾Ѿ˷츲صı仯˵Ѿܱģľ׾ٵѹǱϵĲͬ
ˣҫ֮ĿĻֻҪ̧һ֮ϾҪӦھϣĿľֻģȻܸҫᲢۣȷ˵һʵĵļȥײտǵļͲö˵ˡ
ؿǰĿҡͷЦһѧڻ֮ϣˣôܻĶ֣Ӯˣ
ֱ̧ңָգ֮϶ʱһпնĿ΢΢һЦڵҫ֣ȥɣǵڣСˣλߣһˣġ
ҫҲһЦڵԸǲ漰Щ£ύһ
Ŀ̾Ϣһ˰˵治˵һǾ仰ļأʲôҲ֪ҵһ£ЩǲܿģҪ͸ʵʣˣȥɣڣ
ҫԵ˵ͷĿȭһ漴ֱϣֱпն֮УĿҲ̧ͷепնþδ
ڰҫʧһ֮֮ǰеֵĿߣ΢Ц㶼ˣ治Ʒɵĵӡ
ĿԵ˵ͷ˵ʵȷǿһԣΣյʱ򣬻һּ͵ķͻǿԽǿӦлһս
΢΢һ㶣ͷڵҲҪܴĽУôģܴĹȥ
Ŀ΢΢һЦڻصҲ˵ģ֮Ҷģˣ
ƲƲ죬˦ֶһԲʯƬĿ˳ֽ£һ֣˵˵ˣȰҫ֮ͽε߽Ĺߣεʮ磬ؿеķˡ
ĿʯƬպãЦôӵھŽʮ绹ãǸһǿˣǡô
Զʱһ˵֪ƨǼһСۣ϶ڱҸСģԺеķˡ
ĿߵļЦԽξԽӲģǸϽȥɣɱðҫ˿ţͶ編ܲðһ㲻ڣĵھŽ磬ǿǴأ
Уô𣿡ûĺĿһۣš
Ӧðɣ
ʱڵУҫѾһλ߽֣ҫϵǣԷһߴΰɮˣõĻǷѧ׽ͯӹ
Ȼһ죬ҫɮȭƶԺ䣬һɼ׺ȭȻҫȻɮ˵һȭ˳ȥȭ֮ͣţǿҫ౻ɳǧ֮Զ
ͷɮ߰˳߿⣬üĿò㣬ɫֻסһ¶ļ·һһ𣬸һּ׺ĸоһ飬ɢŵĽɫԣֻ²˽ͼƣƤְ֮ɫ׽ڼһսƣƼ䶦ʢ
ʩСɮԲգһƹߣڴϰʩһ裬ʩָ̣Բձ˫һȻ˵
ҫס֮һжԲճĽ䱸һoǿһֹ֮ǰһȭľϿoټϵǸ˭˭˭δܱȵˣϾԼˣԲȴ˿δ
кǿľӱϿ׽֣ߵǸһ·Ĺȸ㶷
ҫ˼һתǳԲձ˱ȭһҲ˵ʲôһʮͬʱһһһһɼȻ뷨ڰҫ֮ϣƺ˵Ľ
һӣҫ˸߸Ծգ֮Բյͷϣ˫߳ʱӰݺύȾ׺ޱȣ֮ƳԲյķ̤¡
ȡһǿݣ
ۼҫǿкԲȴʼûۣҲ֪Ū飬أ֮һصĸоֻԲһƺĳһö*ַӡ֮£һ۶ִޱߵľ磬ҫĶԾ׷жһߡ
ǧ֡ת֣
ŰҫȾͣжҫüһЦһӿȻֻһȣȴ֮ǰһи׺ֱ£ݺݵ̤ǽ֮ϣһţֱ̤˽֣Բո档
ʮ桤ȡ׶ɽݣ
ҫһŵƵ춯أȾ֮ǿֶûжҫһ̤ȥ֮£Բշ·һʯݺݵ˵ϣҳһӡ
ҫֱ£չ׷ɾ滹а׶ʱֻͻȻһɫĹƣγһֻֽҫֻһС
ҫ˲ƣãüͷ漴һʮȫ汬·һһת˲֮䣬㽫ָٳޣ漴̧һƺؾһǰƺݺǾ޿ӡ
ɾƽҪʱ͵ıһƬҫ۵Ľ⣬ĿַΧƬĸ£ǼǰƱ˰УȻۿɼٶȿʼɢΧʯȻʼƵ𣬹ƾˡ
δУѾӵƣؽһУȻӵо춯֮ڷѧУǰܽΧǣӦаɣ
ҫг˼ͬʱʮͬʱһһһһڰҫ֮ϣȥеıаȭȴǱǱаȭǿǧ򱶲ֹҫʱƵҲǺ˵ĺܡ
ڰҫ۹һ̣ΧĽǵûмҫͻȻһ죬һöö*ַӡԽԽʢһ˲ľ£̫Ľ䣬ҫĿä١
ơһʽ֣
ҫ£е쳣ܣͺŲӴеһǿҵϢһҲǳʹŰҫһ֮ʮɹڵıת£ʮȫ汬֮·ŭһϯķȻǽǽɢˣʧ
ʱԲմֻһ⣬˫ĿѾſ˫ͫ*ַӡ״˿ȥʥַٲȻһʥ˵ļơ
ʦǺ÷Եѧƶ޳ɣҫ΢΢һЦȭһ񣬿˵ЩŸɮҫǺܿݵġ
ðʩЦˣСɮޣԵ΢ľҲֻ޵ʽƣ´Ե޵µʽˡԲ̾Ϣһ˵֮гź֮⣬޲ȫƶ˵ƽһ¡
ʦ黳ԵδԵһл˳Ȼĺãǿ黳ʵ䷴Ƿſĺãҫ΢΢һЦ˵
һԲնʱǰһٴ̾Ϣڵӷ𣬶лʩ㻯Сɮˣ䣬
ҫ΢Цͷ漴˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ڵʦ̧ˣǻǵ÷ʤģʦСˣ
ҫһ䣬ָֽһ𣬾澭ĺֻգ֮۳˱һͣܶʱ飬Űҫָ˳˦˵Ѹײڶ֮ƣƿնȥȥ磬缲磬ȥƼѸ͡

ۼϮԲɫһ˫ֺʮ͵һ漴һ𣬺ںǰ˱Ӧ飬֮ǿֻôݿݣԲһʯ쾪
ơʽ
ݵҫǰ֮ʱҫȻһЦһһʮɿһɿı޽֪ʱԲյͷֱ£ھԲ黹һҵľʱͣɨҫ֮ҲûжʲôӰ졣
Բ̧ͷһǱ޽̾Ϣҡͷҫ΢΢һЦڵԲմʦˣ


ھ һӣ߽硤ս
ͽɣ
ʱ֮УƷİȻ֮ɫԴ̧°ͣʱʱƲԵֻϧߴ߿Σɢɷĵɫ϶ܲÿ
ߣŹ˵ѣλʵжǿӦͽܣǸʵеùô˵
ƷŶȣ˰˵Ҿ֪жʵŻôţΪҲ֪ͽʵʲôĵزһôôҿûôɵ
ЦһתͷƷɣڵⲻһģһ㶼û䣬ҫȷеͣ˵۹⵹Ҳͦ׼ģһ鲻񡣡
ƷƳһۣתͷǰĻ棬ͷҲصЦ̫ˣҶҫǣĳɾͲ֮£˵أ
ƺԵúܾȣԴͻȻת˹ȥ׼ƷۺҲ̫˰ɣ
ƷɲÿɷһЦҲԹԵ˵Ǻǣҵ˽⣬һһСô
ؿҫߣѾĵ磬λ߽ˮڤˮڤʵԲջҪǿϼ֣쳣صտʼðҫ˲Сƿ
ˮڤĹСڤˮһˮԹ֮ĲֶǺɫĺˮڤˮܲٿˮΪãⳡսҫڵϲռţǸˮڤ˺þãѽѷ֡
ҫþ澭ԲǧĺˮᣬˮڤûˮΪãӶܣʵ԰ҫʵҪǿȡʤҲܣǵ⼸λ߱ȻԽԽǿǱͶȡһأһЩʵӦԺǿС
ˮڤǸɴ࣬ҫǵûʲôԹԣҫĻǣԭĵתɶԼĵΣУڴˮڤ֮󣬰ҫĵ߽硣
ҫֱ߽֮ӳһɽ֮УһرǰżĶͬ뻷˼ĸƣûǰôˣĵر֮Ҳв٣ǰǺ̫ࡣ
һĸҲ٣ڰҫĸ£ֹ֮ͨȼǿ߾ʮλһող뻹컯֮ǿߣǿ߾Ȼо˰ҫľɨ裬һ˰ҫǰ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵˵ͷһͷ׷ߣ΢΢һ㶣ͻȻҫ͵ĽԼͷųüͷ壬ϵ麹ʼͣĵûû¶ɸҧгݵĶŰҫš
˺ÿֲƣΪ϶Ҳǻ֮Ӧ֮ⷽصľ֣ҲŸոմﵽ֮Ķ֣Բ
аһŰҫʩһ񣬿ڵ컪ݼǰ֪ǰĦΪ£
ҫ΢΢һ㶣תתٺЦЦ컪ͷֱΪҫԼʲôĴңԽ䱸
컪зǳˣԼǰҫĶ֣һ˵Ǹʵȵģҫ֮ǿʵȻ֮ϣǸ߳ܶܶ֡
ڰҫͻȻһҪȥʵУֻɫһ컪˵ͷѹ˵ţСĸԣڱѹ֮»ܱѣܲ
컪һҫĿӦòҲģȭһ񣬹Ļصǰ˵Цˣ΢ĩǰķۣ֪ǰôƺɷ֪ţ
ҫһ˵ͷڵհ׵һҫ֣ŲҲգѾȥ̫ˣһСҲûʶˣֻǱ˸ضѣȻ˷ˣ
컪а²ҫݣܲУðҫһصϹܱչ̫÷һжϵ֮󣬷˶ѾˣŻᷢĸ̾˺ڹȥҲʱз컪Ҳûлʲô
컪ȷԼ뷨㽫ҫ£ԼĦȣȻѾﵽ˻컯֮ⷽҲкüڳ֣֮ͻƵļʻܴ󣬵ʱⷽҲһ˶ܽҫ£⼸컪ɲ塣
ǰʲôδ֮£ܾһౡ֮ģǰܿڱǣ岻ݴǡ컪Ȼ֮ɫʩ˵
ҫһ˰֣ڵСͦģ˽⣬Ͳ鷳ˣʶҲǻԵ£ʹһ컯ɣ
һ䣬ҫָһһƴɫâݺݵĺ컪֮ϣâƣ컪˸˽ȥ
컪ʱ󾪣ҫ֮ûӦ֮ΪʱҪ˹ֿϵİ֮ʱȻûѹסŻ𾢣ԽԽоޱȡ
ֿҵĻ𾢣ն٣Ҫ컯ˣ
ҫ֮ͷҲص뿪컪ͷϲʼҫһָ𾢣ڵںϣ컪Լڵֹܽȫʵһֹж԰ҫ˵Ǹм㣬ȥ֮ҫ񣬰
ӻǴ󷽰ȻʮıԴ֮͸һزʶ֮ˣҲ̸ġƳƷһۣ
ƷȴҲ࿴һۣɽעŻеľȻûʲô飬ȴ̾ϢͣСӣһˣѵػ첻ɣ治֪ЩʲôԽԽ˲²͸ˡ
ʱİҫѾһɽ֮ϣ֮ǰľһֱûջأͳʮıԴ֮ͻȻӦһޱ׺ս⣬Ǳ˳սڵĵط
ڰҫǰվһһɿ⣬ͼ׳ľˣʵھˣ·һͷֱޣƼ׺
Ӵ֮ϣһʵʵĽȫӶһɫ߸ǣֽһɵĽɫδ󵶣δ֣ͨս⣬˿ȥ͵ĲС
ǵ߽λߣôƺҫ΢΢һЦ׾Ȼʵ
˽սɻᣬȥϵڰ˽磬꣬ɡս˵ɤͳˣʯĦȥ˺ܲ
ҫŤŤӣֳŽս˰֣ζʮ㣬ЦǾͱ˷ʱˣʼɣ
ҫ֮ʣǽս˲Ƶҫǰ֮죬ҫеֲֻ˫ֽδ󵶣ɽ֮ƣŰҫݺݵն
oOնٵأ
һƼѸͣǴ󵶴ķѹðҫе͸ɿֲƥҫаʩչ˼£ǧһ֮һԶ˹ȥ
սһն˵ϣȻһ죬·쾪Ҫ˵ĶĤ飬һĿֱֲӽɽ䱬Զɽƾհһأίʵ
սľ֮ǿǰҫƽĵһˣаȣһÿֲľٶٶͬǿľˣô޴󣬾ȻӵٶȣľԲʲôѰ
ڰҫв²֮ʣֻôһ˲ĿյսֳδһǺն׷ҫҫķӦҲѸޱȣ̧һδ󵶵Ӳƴһǣȴսһɳǧ֮Զ;ײüɽ壬ûֹסơ
ս񽫰ҫ֮δ󵶺ݺݵĲ˵֮ϣ漴˫ֽӡңָʣ֮һֱɿľ޴âнս
սһ񾢲ƣƼ䲻ķ·սһ㣬ɵУ֮ϵâɢȥ֮󣬽սֳδ󵶣ףգ֮׷ϰҫٵ㿳Ƽд׾ͲɵŰҫĲݺݵȥ
̹Oʮ񼶹
oOնŭ񷣡
ۼҫҴ⣬ųɹʩչ籩ŲƣɽսһȻ˰ҫĴŲͼҫţ˵棬ҳһ޿ӡ


ʮ ٱأ
սһǿʵʵڣֻȻǿ˰ҫ籩Ųƣֱһ˰ҫ֮ϣŲͼķ֮ͬѪ壬˫ֲͣ
˵ľôǿַ˵ĵزԭ̹O𰡣һ񼶹ԵӦãСˡҫĻӵϵľ޿д漴һ𣬰ҫӾ޿ֱϣ˽սǰ
ֻҫ֮ϳһĿĵĵۣ۴б·һ׹˸ԴӰҫеĵһһֱ򵽵߽ÿսʤûܹһ˿˺һȴˡ
Ȼƶ˵ʲôҫԼ˵ǰ㣬ϸд˽ѵΪ֮ǰλʵȶкܴĲ࣬°ҫжЩλ߲ӵͷ
Խսʱ򣬰ҫҲôģԼĻ˵пã۲ʵá˭֪ԷʵԶǰһǵ۾õ֤
ҫһʮҫӿ𾢲һɨһҫǰǼǵ۱ʧ٣ڵ֮һɨգ˲ص۷״̬Ǿ󷨵Ĺͣҫųĸԭ
ƷɣĵӳԱ񰡣ΪӮλߣ;Լܵˣǲ֪ν֮Уָ̧ǰֳ棬Ц
ҲѹôģҪ֪ҫĵһ򵽵û˹Դݿ֮ƣλɻܣѾ²̨ˣοһԵƷɻʱʱ䳰ȷһ£˵Ļֶʵĺܡ
ҲʲôϾԼ°ܵ൱ɴ࣬ɶҲҲֻܱһڰҫ˵߽λ߽ս˫һֱ֣߱ռϷ磬ѹҫֹ˵˰ҫʵеġ
ƷҲûбֳʲôŻŽֻǱֵĺܵȻĳҲ޶ԣֻ΢Ц֮ɫеİҫ
ƷɣƺΪıͽеİڻܱôҶԣͽҲ͵߽ΪֹˣʵĳɼѾܲˡƳƷһۣЦ֮о֮ɫ
ƷɿҲ࿴һۣڻص̫ãսŸոտʼ㲻ôΪƾһӰսֵЧɣ㻹֮ôǳô
ƳһƷһڻصȿҲĶ֣֮ǹһˣսʮǿóıһʮġ
ƷҲֻԹԵĿǰĻ棬ȴǲԾСӣڿˣҪȫɣ
ʱ߽ɽ֮ϣҫս֮ϣ˴֮ףҲ˵˫Ŀ绥ţ˵·Ϊ磬ײţһεɱ֮
˫Ŀ֮ʣ˷Х֮ǰҫսĽ֣ʵڹǿͣ˷ԲڵЩеųŷҪ׷ʲô¡
ǿҫսն֮ʱһԵúɻ󣬲ҫսҲǣôעű˴ˡ
ΧҪǰѯ֮ʱҫ͵һ˫Ŀ缲磬սϰ׵ľգ۱㵽һ˳ƺ˵ľƾ·һϮܡ
ЩΧ۵ĸǶʱĪ׷׽˺󣬿ǵôϰҫֻȻһ죬ֻս̧еδ󵶺ᵲǰҫһֻǺ˴󵶵ĺ֮ϣһ˼дżֲĺ֮Χϰ˸ݺݵƳ֮Զ
սҲҫһƺɳϰ׿⣬ϵδ˲һʵıǣ˫ѪҪҫĺ֮ᣬ·ٱǧйʹ顣
սüͷһ壬ȣף˫һδԼ˫ϵı飬ʱ򣬰ҫѾǰ˫ƺƺÿһƵޱȣƾҲǿ
սӦҲδ󵶷𣬰һ񾢣Ӱƺһкʱ죬ɢҫչӲƴɲǼ䵶ӰݺᣬӰ׷ɣ˴˽Ժ䣬ƺòˡ
ʱΧΧȺ˿ǧ⣬ҫսĶԺ䣬ɵĵ׶ܣǰҫ֮ǰһɢĺѾϰˣһĻǰЩΧȺڸŵòᡣ
Ҫ֪ϰ˵пʮ뻯֣ȴɵסҫʣЩѾ԰ҫս˳˿־壬ʽԺʱྡྷ뻯ĸ֣ǵʵжǿǲ
һȷŵǣǰҲǻ컯֮ĸ֣ΪʵԽǿԽܸоҫ˵ǿ󣬴ӶȻ¶ƾܸо
ڳ֮Ҳ֮ͨĸ֣ȻֱܹӵĸоҫսǿһУ·ԼԵĲˣħޱǿЩֵ֯£ǰΧ۵˶Զǧ׿йۿ
ǿɲ뿪Ҫʲô԰ҫսʵĸҼʲôˣֻúùĦ֮սּսɲʱģǧ궼δػһأôõĹĦȻŹ
ؿҫߣʱսչҵĶƴ˫ѽѷ֣ҫ𣬱Կ̬־ԽԽأʮԽ֮ǿҪѹսһͷ
սԽԽľҫĸоֻݣ޾ԶԶƿ糱·ҪƵһ˽һ˺ѹе㴭
ҪڲϵӸտʼѷһƽڵѾܰѹˣʵޱȡ
ڽսо֮ʣҫһƵ˳â͸ɣдżɭıѩ֮ԾӸ֮ƣɽ֮ݺݵսͷ­
ѩ
һѸƥƺս⧲֮£ٵӲҲֻü߳ңâϵ˴󵶺ʱ汻һƣ֮أսһʱ䶼ûסֱӱɵ·ĵϣֻһ죬һ׵ĿӶǰ
ۿŽսԼѹ£ҫҲϢĻᣬ˫ָֽ㣬գ֮ϰٱ˳߿һ߰ı۶ɲǼҫһݣǣƼˡ
ŰҫָȥЩƿ籩һ㼲·ĿӶ֮Уһʮɿı޽£ݺݵĺ˿Ӷ֮УضΪ֮֮£ԲǧڵĵԼɽȶʼѣ⻭浱ʯ쾪

һ޽֮ڣֻ⣬Ѿӽ䳹ױ⣬ϵİҫ̧֣۳һŰĿǽĩˡ
㻹֪֮Ļʹ򿪵ڰ˽Ŀռϣһҿɲ֪ʲôҫ˵ɫƽˮûһ˿ɱ⣬Զǧ֮ΧȺڶǺݺݵĴ˸
֮ʣжʱһпնǱ޽ҲӦ飬սʱϵĽɫѾòϵδҲǲƣºƣ˫ĿһƬҧ˵Ӯˣȥɣ
ҫջϵİŽս˵ͷһепնȥսһŭ߷ƽݺݵҧҧ֮ʧ
֮ǰһ۱չˣɾҪ֮ʣȴ䣬֮£ҲֻЭΪ
ʱǧ֮Χ֮ˣһĿɿڴþ˵հҫսһսǴ۽磬࣬´û֮ľսҫսȥ֮Ҳ۷׷׵ĸظҡ
ʱ֮УƷ֮ɫһɿֲޱȵɱ˲䱬Ҳһʵ㵽˭ôõ̹O𣡡


ʮһ ڰ˽硤˫ǣİҫ
Ʒɵʣûбֳʲôŭ쳣ƽĿڻصƹʮأȥϰ٣Щʲôѧͬкϡ棬ҪôС𣿡
ƷȻһЦ˫ĿĶţڵǱĹܣⲿͬҵµһ˿⣬˿ԼĶһῴô
΢΢һ㶣תͷƷɣ˵ûҪô࣬ĪҪΪӵʵͿԶԱСУǲҲɱ㣬Ǹͽǰɣ
һƷվϵɱֻ˫ĿһѪ⣬Χһ·𹴻ħ˲ɱںһ𣬡
ʱƷɸһַǳĸоһһɭȻɱ⣬ѪɭɭĽܴоĶǰλ֮Ҳ⡣
첻ҪǰɣвңҿԵûҪҶͽҪᣬţԡƷɳɤӣ˵
Ʒɵŭ⣬ԵúƽҲ࿴Ʒһۣ˵򣬱㣬ôУǸĺʱô
Ʒ΢΢һ㶣з˫۶˺þãкǺ棬ʲôͷԸƺ˽⣬·֮ĳϤˡ
Ʒɻûг֣̾Ϣһ˻ȥҲǹ˼ʵ֪֮Լʵ֮£Լ߾ȫҲͲʤжѣҪ˭ʤ˭δ֪
Ʒɹ˼ɵǣǰֳ̬Լ˵ĻǰмĿĳˡ
Ȼܹ˽Ըô˴֮϶ദһμΪ̵ʱ䣬ô¾ͱȽѰζˣ˵䱳ʲô£ģҲһصġ
ٿҫߣĵڰ˽أҫ뵽ʱ˲ʶo˵ԴǷ䵽ȥˣǾԽʮһԽ㣬ԴԽḻ
ĸֱһһжʮͷ֮Ҳλ֮࣬Ҫǣһе˽вŮò츳Ƿ֮ˣҫֻþ΢ɨһ£Ϳôŵԭɡ
ԭˣǰľӢӸõĻԴЩνƽӹ֮Ȼмй¼Դ龡˲űھͽǼسȥѰұزܶʼڶʱչԼƻ治أҫͷ
ûΰƻĴ£ÿһضﾡã׳ǵһУɾĲԻͣʱǴһڣ޾̫ƽʢ
ҫʶʱĻӦóĪҪΪӮǰλߣΪ޵Уǵ΢ĩʵǰĲ࣬ʹڱǰҲ˵Ĳ࣬ɲӣھ㡣
ͻĻڰҫĶߣ쳣ʢˣָ߸ϵ·ֻаҫĲǵѡ
ʱһӴ׹䣬òһֻŮ˲еȻУһͷ·ٲһȻ£»ʲ͸һĵʣƫƫȴǸӣҪǸŮӵĻô͸ˡ
ҫ̧ͷӣ΢΢һЦڵδ̣
ڰҫͷ֮ϣ˫Ŀ£ԾӸµҫ·Լһλߣҫµһ㣬֮г벻м˵ܴһʵ㲻Ҳʸ֪ţڰ˽λߣ˫ǡ
ҫԵ˵ͷ΢Ц˵㻰˼ֻǵ׳Ƴڵأл·ǵ֣㶼ܰ԰ɣ
ûΨһĳ·΢΢ͷһȻ֮ɫ˵
ҫٴεͷ΢ЦãѹեԴȥΪЩӢʿȻЩΪûʲôôˣһΰƻ԰ɣ
û棬̭κһزĶɣûʸȥЩԴģӦҪﾡãԴнЩǿʹãŲ˷ѣļƻԡǺЦ˫ĿŹ⣬Ц
ԣΰƻ
ӨȻԵ֮ʣҫͻȻЦ漴ɲȪҪ׶ˣһǵɱ·һ㱩ӿһ˫ɺ˵˲
ʱİҫѾ뵽˱ŭ֮УٰŵòᣬһʱȻԭأҫһ䣬һ˲һǰڵʮ˲ת˼£һ˳ƺ뺮ͬʱݺݵĺ֮ϣɳǧ֮Զ
Ǳҫһƺɵڷ֮ʴڴڵĿѪԭŽݣʱѾþʧ룬ոհҫƶҲ֪
Ҳ˵ҫٶȱ죬쵽ûҰҫĹҲԶֻһƾͽˣٶ·ȻķԼͲǰҫĶְ
о֮ʣҫͻȻߣȻݺһ˦ָ߽˻ȥڽİʱҫͣϵĳߣÿγֶὫɵһ
ͺһƤ򣬱ҫȥشݣҫȻʽÿһιдžΰҫԵһɽôɽѾɷɻˡ
ɿֲϣ·Ҫ˳׺䱬һ㣬಻ԣڵƴ˵ڵˣΪĸԭϲƳֵٶˡ
ҫΪʲô㱩ŭΪν治̭ķеģûȴıˣЩصԴ뻷ˣǰҫܹģҲʲô
ǣν棬ȻեȡصԴȻڶľӢȻЩ˵ûʲôôΪȻö֮ĳΪ棬ֱǿ߼
ǲ֪νǿ棬̭ķôھͱҸ̭ɣҫһֵͷ֮ϣҧгݵĺϵ֮ɫǵûмˣ׶
ֻ˫һִ֮Ʒ£һִȻ룬һĻڰҫΪ֮һ㶣Ҫ˵ԼĹ飬ǻĸоԼһûкǧһ֮䣬Լѳˣһһ׵ˡ
ҫղɷɻңĲΪˡһһͬ˵Ƕ˵Ƶʣϵı飬Ľ࣬һģһֻǹȴһһһаһ
ħͬ塤аᣡ
ɫɢһɺȻԵʥַɫǻƣ˵ɢаޱȣⲢ۳ķѪʵ壬ȻһĹҲʲôʡ͵ĵơ
аһ壬תֺϣû뵽㻹⼼ܣҵСˣʲôãһΪʵͬȣ֮ĲҲС٣֮ǰǾ仰˵ҵĲ࣬ͷ·һ㣬ҲͶһֻϰˣҫɭȻЦ˵
һ䣬ҫһڰɫǰһ˦·նһݺݵĿ˰ɫĲϣһŵľȻԴ߷ѪҺȪһ㱩ӿ
֮һںɫǰ˫ָֽݺύϰٱƿնƿ籩һ㽫ɫѣѪϵıɫǰɫҫһжסֱӱɱ
ɾڰҫɱڰ֮üͷ˵Ļ治٣ǣӵõô
ŰҫָһеĿռʱŤһӣһڰҫǰҫһֿסʺ
Һ֪Щλߣô


ʮ ϹŽھŽ硤ʥף
ʱڰҫϣҲ֪ҫʲôַǽڵѹסˣ᲻˳Ϻϵ׸
ôˣ㲻Ǻ˵ô֮ǰȥˣ˵أҫսһϷʵ΢Ц˫Ŀ͸䣬˵
Űҫսǰֶ²˵ǳ٣ſתɫ¸ǲָֻͣ˶ڰҫͷͻȻһпն˼ԣҫˡ
ҫҲоͷϵֻҲпնֻǾעǰǸ߸аЦȥھŽ磿żҲżģһأ
ҫЦݿ˵Ĳǹɿֲޱȵɱ⣬Ѿ˵ѾһĥӰ
ǰɣǱ棡
ڰҫ뽫ʱһ϶ֵͳɤпնдһſŴɫпնбֱҫ
ʱ֮УƷɲȻŭתͷݺݵĵԵŭ赱ģȥģ
Ʒһ纵쾪һը죬񹬶ڲݣʱƷŭ˼Сֱڴ̲¡
ʱƷ˦һָһʵӵĽɫֱȥ˽͸ɽɫ𣬳߳߿һߣһɺȻ񲻿ɵ
ϹŽɽа
ƷһļͻȻһû뵽Ʒ˵޽ɣһ֮յһԣɽ˸գȻֱٴͷһŭ̧һƺɽǰá
Ʒɼ״һ̧һ˽ͨ죬ףָ߰һëȻɭ֮磬ת˲Ѹײڶ֮ƣƿնȥȻֱӽƣֱüޡ
ϹŽĪа׷꣡
ۼƷɲƣҲŭ˼Լ֮ʲôʱ˱ȵֱصĵزˣǱƷһɫơ
ֻ˫һϣ˫͵ıһɺ˵ѹȣɽĪаѹ˫֮䣬񱬷ѹ֮£ɽĪа
ԶƷȻһЦ˫һʥУ漴˫ǰĦһķĤʹ֪ƷɽһбȻž֮
ʵҲܳܵסƷɵĽ֮Ҫǻʮλߣͱ⽣ˣڵƷԭʱѾкɨλߵʵʮλ֮£ӲƷС
ʱʵֻһ˿Ʒɵʵ治֮£Լ෽֮ҲΨһܶв潻֡
ʱƷ˫ֳֽĪаָɽ±һƥĽɨһŽ鵽ʱܹ˱Ž۶ڰ˱Ž֮УÿһɢֲĻ⣬ƷеĸɽĪаѷɫ١
ϹŽ񽣹λ
ǽƷɶϹŽϹŽܹΪʮ񽣾Ԫֱԯտ򡢳̫ԨɽĪа㳦Ӱÿһ񽣾ԪƷɴһʽУÿһʽжżֲұһ񣬸ܡ
ʮƷϹռ彣һλԵɺϣʮ񽣾ԪƷգƷɴϹʮ߹һҲƷɽ֮
ֻһʯվ𣬻͵ıһɰ׹ʥͬ۳һͬʮţÿһŹֱһɿ⣬ΪʮɫȻϺڰ׽ɫִ⣬֮ǿһ㡣
ʥ
֮սƴٿҫߣܹʮŴɫ£һѾüޣҫ˦ֽ˳ȥųɹ˫˳ƺײڹ棬ɲǼ˫ƴľҫΪ֮һ˱ǹѹ˵档
ǱҫʱڴڵĴŴۼҫǹѹ£ǳޱȣϲ֮ɫָŰҫ޼ɵĿЦҫʤΣԳ֣ɣ
ҫҲǿЦͣһ˼ӦǿŰɫŹޱȣʵҫȻûסԼĺ֮ƣҪ֪ųɹµİҫܰһɽƷɣŹȴ޼ƿʩ
ҫȻƲŹҲû⣬ֻ˫͵һ˳Ʒתգ֮һֱɿ̫籩ͼչ֣ͼķת֮£ޱߵķ籩ݺݹ𽫰ɫжһߣ˰ҫ˫֮ϡ
籩Ųƣ
ҫһŹж֮󣬹ɳǧ׵ľ룬һɽ֮ϣֻȻһ죬·ʯ׹һ춯ҫһ
ؿɽɽ壬Źƽˣİ׹⣬ҫޱȣ˵ҫڵʮй֮޲ҫ̾ϢԼ汻ǰɫеĻҲҪܵС˺
ڰҫ̾Ϣ֮ʣͷ֮͵Ľһɼǿѹҫ̧ͷһʱҡͷЦոһ˼ĶԸǿŹˣĹоſ֮ء
ǰҫһ漴˫Ŀһɣڹ˲ʮɣֻ֣ſŰƴİ˲ΧΧһȦһ㣬ת
ſŰ۵һ˲䣬ҫҲҵ֣ʱڶŹѾһҵľ룬ҫָֽһ壬ſŰ˲伲ɶ̬һ䣬Ϊŵ潣âǰĹĵȥ
С
ŵ潣â۵һɵı䱬˵ڶŹ֮Щ潣âȥƲ֣ݺύ֮£ϵʣİ˿Űɫ򣬲Ĺ򣬱ӲĽʣй򳹵䴩
ԭҫΪЩɫ򱻻֮లˣǵ͹ʵҪ֪ľΪѾ֮еġʥʥ񡯡뻯顯˸ȼ䱾ΪѾ޷ݣʩչʽԶҫ
еĹ򱻻֮󣬹ըֲıըЧӦԲǧڵĿռУ⵱Ҳ˰ҫ
ʱİҫһƬıը֮У˵ĳѪ·ֵҰڲݣֻһţһѪֲıըˣ漴ɲеǸпնǿȥҫɼıУͬʱǿľŪĻԹȥ
пնʧԺһعƽֻʣһĿɿڴڿдڴڵĴŴе𺳾þòƽϢ
ҫ֮ʱԼһ޼ʵĲԭ֮ϣƳǰů紵ϣеޱȵĳ죬ܾɫˣҰдУ˵Ŀ
ǿһУȻܽĻԹȥҸ֮Ĳ໹治Сأҫֱһҡҡͷ
ǵȻˣѽΪԲڵȼ֮УκһعѹȲǷǳǿأҲʽеĺ֮»أ
ʱǳͻأĳڰҫߣ࣬˸е쳣ö˳ģҫʶתͷȥֻԶһķ
ϴ΢ЦϿ·һкһ㣬ͷɢĹԣһ˫񣬻ºƿԣȴһز¶ĸо˱ǵھŽλߣҲǸ꣬ʥס
ھŽλߣҫվֱʵ
˵ͷ΢ЦңҽʥסǸôҲֵģҪĻȻָ۷״̬ɣҵ㡣Ļúѿġ


ʮ ʮ֮ײƷ֮
ʱĵھŽУҫʥչʷǰľս˫ĹǾ񹦣ҶѾ޵߲Σʮռ磬ֻڹΪϰҫѷһ
ڹʽԽֲҫľѾ˵Ƿ켫ĳ̶ȣʽѾȫΪһУҲһһУÿһʽϵı仯⾳Ӷ˰ҫԴʽĵ
˵ǰҫĶžˣϾпɲ봴ܴģԱѧǻۣԼѧʽе⾳൱̵ڰҫһš
Ȼҫû˶оҫʽ⾳ϵĸԼѧǻϣҫ˵Լ֮У޳ҵĴڣҲ츳
ڿʥߣʥ׵ʽȫ棬е񡮲а񡯳޼ȭָצͨƷǿʥ׵Ʒһ񣬺ҲԴƷƿ籼ףΡ
Ʒڸ֮תԵʮİԵ𾢣ټϱ͸߹ҫһͷĹҫƴӦҲ൱ķѾʥ׵ʵǸ߹ǰλһﲻֹ
Ȼһ죬ҫɲͣգۼ˳ף֮ǰʥ׶һƣԷƾʵڹھˣһʱ㣬ҫݺݺˣֱ׻ʹ鲻ѡ
ڰҫη֮ʣʥһܣӰƵƵ֣һʱ俴ۻңӦӲϾҫԼǿҪ۾ȥ˫Ŀһһ֪ʥ׵Ķ
ֻҫΪƵ˳࣬浶ƿնʥ׸պֳ㿴ӭİ浶΢΢һһ漴˱ֱĵ˳ȥ̼ѵҫǰ˫߳ɽкһʰ
ʥ׵ķӦǲν죬Ӷ㿪ҫİ浶ƷҲȥһĹʽһǳɣǵصӰ纣һ㣬ѹҫ
ҫҲǲʾҪ˵Ҳᣬֻ΢΢ȺƳһ˦ɲǼӰݺύ磬羪ףǲӰӦӲϾ֮ͺñڣʥ׵չҵĶƴһʱƵƵɢһƬȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
ȡǧ£
еķƴ࣬ȿ磬̶̼Ĺ򣬾Ѿ֮࣬ʱӰ֯һ𣬶˵Ӱֻһ֮תŲܼӰֱֻڻĳ棬ƾѾ
ҫ˫Ŀһһֱűʥת߽ת֮һźݺɨҫֱһһʥ棬˷漴˫һգ˫ϥţ˫˳ƺݺݵȷ֮Ⱥˣ˫Ѹײڶ֮ƣݺݵĺʥ׵ͷ­
ȡ׶ɽݣ
ͻһУʥҲͷһ˫ȭ˳ƺȭ籩ף˫ȭȭ֮ϣ˵ȭ罫ΧĿռѹһ塣
ȭŽӴһ˲䣬͵ıһľ죬˿ɨķ𾢽֯ˣʥ׸о˫ȭϴɽصѹ˶ʱһ֣漴һȣת˼£ҫ˳ȥ
˫ֿ֮󣬰ҫסΣѪڲݣתȶʥʱԷɫ࣬ƸԼҲ޼
ʵ֮ǰһаҫҪ΢ռ˵Ϸ磬˵ʥ׵ӦñԼزŶԣֻϧʥ׵Ĺ񣬴ӶڳܹҪȰҫǿ࣬˫Ƽƽ
ȻѪСˣĸ˵㲻ʲôˣֻǰҫʥսʱѾӦ˶ԷĹģʽԼϵѹơ
ʥȻʽ࣬Ծʽ˵ԼľԼʽȷҪʤһģӶƽ˫Ĺһ˫ͼܹƽˣοҫзѪԪûʩչҲ˵ҫûӮĿܡ
ոһкʲôôʥ׶˶˫֣ҫЦʵҫȾνأոһ˲ѹûָ飬ʹʹĺܡ
ҫ΢΢һЦڵڵǷ֮Уǿȷʽаȣܹʽ
ʥԵ˵ͷڵȣֱ֣㷢ӵ쾡£ȷѾˡʵɸʱѡҪ֪еضΪĵأƺƫ֮һʮĸ֮УȫĶΪĵء
ˣǵľΪ䱾ʶһģͬǰ˸ȼڹķѧʽҲͬĵط˵ǵľ񹦣Լ֮ǰǰЩˡ
ʥ΢΢˶٣Ȼ˵Ȼܻв֮ͬһЩѧУǱûУֻڵӵеѧûУ˵İȣԼҽҪʩչʽ
һ䣬ʥ˫һϣֿһ壬һ˳ƺǰ𾢷񱬷˲۳һצİưԵףʥȫ֮󣬷ĳ˰ҫ
ǰһĻѰҫˣʥ׵һҫȻ֪ԼڵҲһƷʽֻѡ
԰ҫûʲôƷģֻ鼮пжƷŷѵ֮ϴֲֺ֮Ըӵĵز
ݵһ⣬ʱԵƷ⼸һģһǰҫڵǷ֮УϹ£ȴѾʧ˵Ʒ֮ʮеһʽ
ʮơսҰ
ҫعʱǰѾֻһɿ⣬ҫһæת籩ŲƣֻϧһͼŸոճ͵ʱǰѾݺݵײȥ
һײ֮£İ·ˮһ㽫ͼɢʥ׵һصӡ˰ҫ֮£Ȼҫ籩ŲĹͷжʥ׽ɵƾʣľɺİҫѪˡ
ΣҫˣɲѪô򵥣ǽƾЯĶر֮޼ɵĴݻҫ಻ԡ
һĺǰҫԴ֮󣬵һαˣڽ߳ɣ˼أǰҫĵĺֹֻһ˿һķģпܳٲĽֺοʥּĸ֣ҫûһƺɷɻѾ൱˵ˡ
ڰҫʥһƺѪ֮ʥҲ΢΢һ㶣ոհҫжͼжɵľһ似ĸоɵľҲҫܵˣԼʽԼʱİҫ֮壬ÿԳҪ
ʥ˼һ֮͵һ˫Ŀ˳֮£˱ǰ𾢰Ϊһڷɾ֮ϣÿɸһףƱһ֣ҲǿһŰϰ׸߿֮ʱ֮Ѿﵽ˷Ʊɫĵزնʼ谵
ʮơ죡
ʥǰԵƥƣҫֽԼڵѹ漴㹦ת˼£ɲǼ԰ҫΪķԲǧڵķѩӣΧĲݵرһʵĶ˪
Χѩ֮۵ֻ֮ҫ˫һϣһƵ˳һ׿ľͱâƿնâʵ֮ϲżֲ׼еʥףȥ
ѩ
˵ʱʱ죬ۼҫһǱ޵նʥҲͬһʱ佫빦۵˼㣬һǰҲŷһ漴£תŲ֮䣬Ǳâķ飬ֱҫģʥ׵Բƽ
ʮơ
Ǳâױ֮󣬰ҫ˫ƺǰ漴˫һչһֱԼĪİǰ
ֻҫ˳һƽǰֱֲĻ𾢽ڣɢ֮󣬻δ֣ӿ֮£˻нʥ˸ĴֲĻ𾢻Ϊһʥ׸졣



ʮ ϢѪԪ
ʱҫʥ׵սѾ˰ȻĵزҫһǰֱӺʥףɣԴĳ۱ǿʥҪˡ
ȻҫܵҲᣬǰҫȣǿзУѪ֮£֮ǰѹٴαڴǼǴ֮˾ѾһڵؿѪˡ
ڴʱʥףҲȰҫòȥܵ˸ҫҲǰ֮˻ð̣սƵģ϶һһĽۣǸģҪǱжǱûվãѾſڵϣڴڵѪ
˼Ѫ֮󣬽̧ͷ˱˴ˣ漴΢΢һЦͬʱϥһ𾢲ƣʼϢȡ̵ʱػ۷״̬˫ȵ˭Ļٶȸ죬˭죬˭Ȼ
ʱһһĹȥһ֮󣬰ҫ͵һ˫Ŀһȣϵİ𾢱ӿһԾ߸֮ʱëѾָѵ״̬
ʱʥҲͲŸոջָ۷ʱڵ߳ʵˣٶȰҫҪ߳١ʵҲǱȻģǾ󷨿ǾԾΪĶ
֪һ̾ΪֹЧǾ֮ӵһθĻᣬô⸴Чù֮󣬾󷨾ûô
ҲЧù֮ľܲŻֳ᳹Ǿǻָ죬ЩϹžڹķȽϵĻָٶȽЩʮϡ
ĻٶָٶѾ㹻ֲˣ൱ڱϹžڹķˣ֮ܵʱҪʮָôž󷨵ľֻҪһָܻǻٶͬˡ
ȻҲ󷨵˶ӵֲĻָٶȣΪҪ󷨣һҪһ൱̵ǾǱҪ񹦲УҹΪҲҪﵽȼĻ˷˵ûаЧ
ȥƺףҪ󿴰ҫﵽʱǾ˶ٴѾ츳֮ˣʮ겻ֲֿΪҪǻ˱һδܴﵽ
ˣ󷨾ϹʮߵĴڣΪǱҪڹȼĻϲŻᷢӳЧĻ󷨣ȲЩͨطأ
ԹʱİҫѾһָ۷״̬ѾָãָųɣԴ֮Իָ״̬ػ۷ĸоеġ
ʥ״ʱɻڻָ֮Уڵָ߳ңҪָҫ۷״̬뻹ҪĹУӻָٶ˵Ѿ˰ҫôһء
ʥ׿ָ۷״̬֮ʱʥصһĭаҫĻָ֮죬Ǿޱȣҫʱѣô˵ģָֻ߳ʵôܻǰҫĶ֣ҫһжӲ¡
ҫƺʥ׵ĵģ΢΢һЦڵýţҫǳ֮ΣСˣϢҵ㣡
һʥ״һж԰ҫĺøд˵ͷ漴ĿʵҺ֣ĶǾ񹦣˵ǻϢٶӦòಮٲŶԣΪʲôٶȻҿôأ
ҫһ㶣ҲʲôԼ˾󷨵ȫгʥ֮󣬸е棬󷨵ʵ۽磬ҫҪǲ˵治֪ҫڵоȻ˴ڣ񹦻Ǿ䡣
ԼĪһ֮ʥҲָ۷״̬Ļٶ˵ٶҲ㹻˵ˣȻҫŲСĲ࣬˻ָ۷״̬֮Ҳֱ˴עŶԷ
ҫһ΢Ц֮ɫڵʮƣƷҵҲУΪƷ֮ֻѾʧǧ֮ãҳû˭Ʒʥ֣ǺüԵ
ʥ΢΢һЦڻص⻹ǳ飬ҳΪһλ֮Ʒ͸ңծһҪȥӱġ
ҫЦһ˵ͷڵȷˣЩ˵ծѻҪʱ򣬿ɲǵǷµǱծˡˣʥ֣Ǹ÷ʤʱˣϾʱ䵢еأ
ʥԲЦһڵǵʵЩʽҵĽʮеһƴҪʤĻ·ǵôأ
Ҳһ
ҫ΢Ц˵漴˫Ŀ𣬵ͷҲ˵ʲô˷·跢һҲ漴¶ƤóһĻʥ׾ޱȣ֪ҫڸʲôֻǴӰҫϴѹȴԽԽʢ
ʥΪҫҪʲôֲʽʱֻҫ͵̧ͷ˫ĿѪɫĹâ͸˫ͫû۰֣֮ͫѪɫռݣͷϳһöѪɫͼ˸ͣʱҫѹԼѾʥе㴭
ֻ⻹û꣬ҫ˫ֽӡ߶ţѪԪѪѪͨѪ壡
ҫ֮ʱͷϵѪӡͼƿʼȫ£Ѫӡͼƽҫ׸ǣȥԵü죬ʱѹƣѾʥĿɿڴ
ѪԪռƪѪ黯ƪ
ѪԪ󷨣һɰҫװĸѪԣѪ֢רҪϹʮˣΪѪԪ󷨵ܹĸԡ
ʡٶȡӦȵȵȵȣֻ֮Ҫ߱ģô÷ѪԪжݵͻƣʱǿһֺ˵ĳ̶ȣһֲּĸ
ѪԪܹΪΣһαǰҫĲ״̬Ѫ黯ƪ˵ҲЦ˷ǰԼûдﵽռƪĲ״̬ȴðҫﵽˡ
ҲΪΪԵʣҫﵽΣʱİҫѹѾǿʥֵʱĸоָо޵УҫһֲΪУΪ߱ĸо
ʥ־õˣôǿʼɣҫ΢΢һЦڵ
ʥ׼ѵһڿˮȻҫʱѹж֮ģҪҫսһӶӡ֤ҫʵȥһʲôĳ̶ȣǷˮ׼
ʥһҲ˵ʲô˵ͷ֮΢΢һ𣬻͵ıһɼ׺İ𾢣˵Ҳ쳣Ŀֲ
ʥ׵֮ʱɲΪվ΢Цͣʥпʼһ˿ңҫĸоʵ̫ˣֲΪеĸо
ǰҫѹѹȵеˣʥг˻⣬һ㲻̬ǣ̬ʹ£ʥ״һȫ汬һ˳ƺǾ˵İ𾢻Ϊһ׵İԶİҫ
ʮơлڣ
ŭ͵ԸӵĵزҵĻ𾢷·ҪⷽеĶһжٳɷɻң֮޷ñīݣʥǿһҲǽʮǿһơ
ۼǰɶҫǸ߸߹̧һӣƷɨצİ˲㱻ɨһɶβ棬·֮ǰֻһþһ㣬ûдڹҫһɨ֮ʥ׵ȫһҪǿʥ״ԭؾþûز
漴ҫǰһһֱʥǰҪ֪֮ľǳ˰ֻ֮࣬ͨ˲ƣʥ׵ķӦٶҲܸϣǰҫֻͨӰˣ˶ѡ
·ҫҲûпʩչʲôģûתֻ˵ҫڵ״̬ʥѾһȼˣ˴֮ʵȻڴʱĳ̶ȣʵҲԶǷѪԪռƪˣҫʵһ޽ӽĳ̶ȡ
ҫʥף΢΢һЦڵʥֻҪȥô
ʥ׷˷ۣҡͷԵ˵ƨҿûŰӮˣȥһɣ
ִ̧֮˸ָڰҫͷϳһпնпնһ˱ĵʮˡ


ʮ Ϊѣʮ硤ƣ
ʥ׿֮󣬰ҫ΢΢һЦѧԪ󷨽Դʱһѣ֮У˻Դ֮ǹѣθǼ˼֣漴һʥ˸񣬿ڵʥ֣ˣ
ʥ״һԹı飬˰֣ڵҿû㣬ƾ汾ʤҵģˣոյǸ״̬ǿȻܸһʱѹȸУһƻҵǿһУô㲻ãⲻˣ
ҫҡͷЦ̾һڵʥˣȻѪԪѾռƪһƪĺ֢ԶеĴ󣬶һֻǸմﵽռƪľûãûĿƣʱ䳤ˣԼΣգԷǵ򲻵ѵʱǲõġ
ҫĻʥҲ̾һ֮дһĽ֮ɫ˵ͷ˵õپҪʧȥ٣ôʽƴҲġڵǷغöǲ٣Ǿ󷨣зѪԪ󷨣Ȳãᱻ
ʥô˵ҫҲǵȻһЦ԰ҫĲôԷĽ֮⣬漴ʥ׵ļ΢ЦʵЩкܴƵģ󷨱ҪоƶѩԪѪйأѰҲã˵ҲֻöѣֵĽϾԵҲû취Ƶأ
ʥûĺ˰ҫһۣڵˣˣԽԽ˺ޣνĲĳЩܻΪ˵ĶõģӶԼӵеģҲˣ㲻Ǹʱôȥʮɡ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣ڵָǵʮλߣλ߶һһǿᣬʵӦñ㻹ǿɣ
Լȥ־֪ˣЩһ治˵˵ҪǱ֪ˣҴСЬģҿɴ򲻹Լȥʮ֪ˡʥͻȻŤƺʲô֮ҫ˵ͷûٶʡ
Ȼ󣬰ҫָʥ׶˼䣬ʥ׵Ĵߴ£епնȥǰҫʥһСǾ󷨵ķھ
⵹ʥû뵽ģʥ˵ɲʲôСǿĻٶȣҪ˵ĶǲܵģʥҲƤܲðҫ޳͸ԼҲûʲôõóֵĵȼҫڰҫҪпնʱҲǷǳᡣ
ҫֺεȴֻһ۾֪ʥЩʲôпնǣþֱӽ󷨵ķھ䵽ʥ׵ԺС
ҫ֮ôΪʥԸΪ˴ķʽֵȥύǱ㽫͸Ҳǲʶ󻯵Ϊˡ
ͬʱ֮У֮һƬǽ壬ܵǽԼϳ֮ĿԼնĻۣƷڿУţ֮ǰһ̣˫ǴսһǶ˵ϢϿԸоõ˴֮˭κβ˭Ǵ˸ƽ֡
ҪȥôʹˣͲǱӵˣԼϵĻҳȥ˵
Ʒ˫Ŀ磬ĶţصҵĵжٽԼǵ΢ĩ˲ʵݣҺĲа
Цһڵ˵˵ˣ
Ʒһз˫ۣЦĶҺ棬ʱһֺϤĸоءƶʱ򶼻һϰԶҵһѺ񡣡
ôǽֻĴˣûѣ˵ĻǾͽſǱͽδɣ˵ѾھŽʥ׸أǺǣ˰֣ڷ̵
ƷԹһЦڵŮӣһأ˭˭Ҫ֪ġ
һʱ㶵漴һɺ˵ɱⱬֻ˵ô֪Ůӵģ
֪ģԼҵġƷɸûɱ⵱һ£ƤЦĻص
Ϸˣ˫Ŀ𣬼ҪΪʵʣŭգɱԽȻԱѾ¶Ҳأԭɤҧгݵ
ˣҪˣƸʲôſϷɣƷɺǺֱЦҲǷ·Ҫɱһһصʯǰֵȥ
ݺݵĵƷһۣûƦģըˣܹɱˣôƷɴʱѾȫʬˣҲǷǳѵõĽԼеŭǿѹ£صԼλϣ̧һӣǰĿռٴγְҫզ֮صĻ档
ʱʱһ㶣ʶ˵һȻѾʮˣʥҲϣСˡ
ƷɼһĻͬҲǹЦһĴŷ֣һߴµ˰ɣҿɲڴţͽжٱ£㻹Ҹɣ㵱ҸյʱͷǱЩ׳¸ŭôʵǹģΪЩ׳µʵµĽھŽĶκβͽôʮļһôҹͽĶ֣ⳡľ䶨ˡ
ֱҧƷɵĳһԭ򣬰ҫʵҲһԭ֮Դܵûнô࣬ҪеƶҪƿڴˡ
ƷǿǰеİҫԽԽ˳ۣа̾ԼհҫΪͽǴǵľһξҲҪðҫƽ˳ҲҪסһصƽ
ʱҫѾĵʮ磬ҲҪһ磬ֻҪһλ߻ܣôȥһʮһ磬Ȼֱ׿һΪʲô˰ţߵĻش⣬ôҲûմ
ҫ֮УƲ֮һɫԼŭĿӣȵɱԹҫеãȻ˵һμþ͸ɱ֮Ƶġ
෢ѰҫʬεĸоҫںƲƲ죬ڵǵʮλôôƺ
ߣµһǿ֮ƣСӣû뵽ȻܳڱǰҲеʵҲֹڴ˵ˣڵһ磬̤롣һ˵
ʮеʮλߣΪŰ裬ߣһͷ෢䣬üĿ㣬ʲò信ʣü֮͸һ֮ǾӸµҫʱ˵⡣
һ䣬ҫһᣬ漴ҡͷЦҲǣеЩҲ˶ʥ֮ҲɱԼıԣ󲿷˻ǷǳƵģǾԳΪ񣬲һ
ȻҪԵһλߣôͱϻˣְɣҫư˰֣Դ֮Ц
һʼնûƹҫƲһ۰ҫ󣬴һּ䲻мĿڵ֣ûʸñ֣㹻ˣ
ƻ֮ʣ԰ҫΪķԲ֮ڣһâͣ˸һӣܹʮŮٳڰҫ֮Уʮ̬죬ĶУܹŮУÿ˵Ϣ쳣Ŀֲ
ҫһü֪֮£ʮ˶ǻ컯֮ǿߣʵǡа񡯳޼ȣҲ˵ҫҪʮʵͬ޼ǿ֡
ԴзЩνľӢҲпȡֻ֮ҲֻӻˣаҫתͷһΧʮǿ֣Ц
һǷŭ˶԰ҫŭĿӣƸЦͣڵֻʤǲʸ֣ϺˣûʸڱǰQġ
ƻһ䣬ʮ֮еһʹ˸ɫĵ˵ͷ漴һ˰ҫǰ˳һȭݺݵĺҫͷ­˭֪ҫһӣֱӴͷ­漴һļϣ͵ıת˲㽫ʬٳ˻ҽ
һĻΧĿɿڴƶһ֮ɫҫϵĻҳЦе˵һϰɣӵʱܱأ


ʮ ˭ϣԭ
֮ɱ컯֮ǿߣҫôǿôûƷ֮ǰûУɱƷɾĵ֮ˣ԰ҫʵǰ⼸ǿ߻治Ķ֡
ðҫԵĳ޼֮ھȡڵİҫôǿǿ˾Ķǣݡ
ڰҫȳֵٳ֮󣬲֪ôԭźƵЦΧ˵Ե쳣ˣһëȻĸо˫˲
ûҪôôһƵı飬ոյȥˣȻǲҳ֣ҾͲˣҫЦеĿһˣ΢Ц˵
֮ʣһֱʧǰڳ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ǿҫˣҲû֪ҫĶƶλƶһľ֮ɫΪûҫ٣ҫٶȳĸ֪
˴֮ʣҫӰʮ֮еһǰͷ׷Ͽйϡ֮䣬ʵȴһǧ֣书Ϊʮ֮һ
ʱҫͻȻ֣һ֪ҫһĿȻԼһʱ׼̧һƺҫţһƲͣȴһ˱ɭ֮ӡޱȣа
ۼߵһƺҫһ£漴Ǹ߸߹𣬾ȻӲһƺԼɲǼ䣬ǹа֮񱬷γһз籩ҫС
ںаҫ֮άά漴ͷϲҫ֮ǰɱƣԼĪٶȣΪԼһиûаҫǣ˭뵽ԼȻ˰ҫеС˰ҫһء
ɾ߻û̫ãһɼֲİ𾢣ѹȥŻ𾢵ķϯеޣҲǰ𾢷ƣͨ
Ҳǰ㣬ҫճ˻ҽԴû£Ĳ֮İҫȻһЦڵڤƣأ
û֮ǰһڤƣʮʮ϶ɵģĿѡ֮£ЩضΪĵأĹѧҫڵشͬС졣
󲿷ֵѧʽԼڹķһģһģЩеʷĶźܴ֮ڤҲҫڵⷽУǰ˵ڤһ⵹ǹ˰ҫĻ䡣
ǵúܾ֮ǰҫûôǿ󣬽ֻ񾳵Ϊˣǹƥɱڤսڤϣڤ̳˰ˣֻΪԼĺֵҶģһУǱһζ
ҫ˻֮УҲΧЩ˿ʱֵľĿ⣬ҫɱһˣûУֻ򵥵ķǶ˰ˣȥ׾٣ֻһ򵥡
ʵǿʼ˲Ϊе뷨ǹ˺һᣬ˶㿴ҿ㣬û˸ǰֹ
˾޴֮ʣһڵٲ֣֪ġ
һڳ˶˸漴¶һҧгݵģһΧҫȿҫһŮӣŮ续ˣһ֮ľˡ
žɫ֮òŮӣһĺɱ⣬ָ쳣ĶֱָҫȫҪȥ⵱Ҳ˰ҫʺ˫⼸вλ֮ݣòȫȡ
ֻͦݵģΪŮҾͻôԸЫĳŮҿɴأҫ̧ͷòŮӣ΢Ц˵
漴ָıâ˲ۣòŮӵ˫۸ϡãŮӷʹ֮ʣҫһָʺͷ­նɣ漴һУһӡǳ֮ϣ漴ݺһ󣬽󱬡
ǰҫһɱŮˣûʲôҪ˵ڰҫϵж٣ԼŮΣֻҪҫͬҲɱ
ڰҫնɱŮ֮Χ̿ˣͷһƵֶΣҲûһ˸Ҵùĵģ׷ȫУ԰ҫƣһʱҫڵλñһɹɷƣֲ籩ϯԲ׵ľ룬ѾǿҫӰˡ
ƴһĵ֮ɫǰֲĹ£ΪҫȻûлȥĿܣǳޱȡ
ʵ֮УƷɶЩλ߷ѣ֮ʱѾе쳣ķߺޣǺ͸Ʒɡ
ֻ֪ԼƷɵĶ֣ǾͽԹйڰҫˣֻǰҫʵԶ󣬶ʵҲûԼеôǿ
ϣ˭أǣ㣡
仰ǳƵƻһڣͷ֮󣬹ȻҫЦУŰҫһʧǰ
һӣɻڿ䲻ͣˣһҽһ˳ȥÿ˵϶һ˺Ǳ⣬ǰӡǱֻۣۣ֮ʣȫգ֮䣬ҫ˲ɱһ⣬ǰҫγֵĶûĲס
ô¶군ˣǸʸԳ˰ɣҫתͷƣ΢Ц˵
ʱ˿漴ȻһЦչһ½֮󣬿ڵܺãǸʸҪԳ֣ôͿܽҶаɣ
ƻһ䣬˫Ŀһɣ˵ľ⣬˫ָֽݺύǵصĽâ·ɽкݺݵľҫ
ҫüͷһ壬ֺһƣƷƥǰĽâһɨգһֱһƶİӡƿնֱĺƣ߱һ˫ָֽһϣ漴һȣһƥĽâ͸ָӡ䴩
Ҫ䴩ӡƿǷ˾ţ֮ģҫʵ֮ǿѾԶҪѾȫȥƽҫӡɰҫȴɵĺƵĽâ˺һֱڵֱ嵽ǰֿסƵʺ
ҫƣ˫ĿֱƵѣ˲еһǰδеĿ־壬ҫз˫ۣЦĲϳҲͱȵڶğo΢ǿһ˿ˡҺܺ棬ʵôѹʥǣõʮλߣʥǱǿϰٱֹȴҪ֮£㲻ǿȹϵλİɣ
ҫⷬ˵ƵĿȥˣʵҫ˵ǰ㣬ƻǿȹϵϵλֳ
ֻϧֳȴһøԶѧ֮ˣֺݶͣϲ̿רģڱԼúϣԶԶ󣬶ƺҲûϣأϵǷǣȻƺ
ΪǿȥģĻƵҪͻƵ֮ǺҲΣһҲĸʧ̳֮֮λ
Ϊ˹˼棬Ҳֻܸưеʮλֹ뿪ʮ磬һҰƽΪܳܵļޣһжֻΪ˹˼ˡ
⵱еһܣŽλ֪٣ҲֻеĽĿھŽʥ֪еĻΪ˶еļҳλѧĴмＸҲƽְλĸߵ͡
ĸλΪǵʮ۵ΪǿǿĿֲ֣֮µĵһ˲ŶԣʵأƵʵʵʵo컹Ҫһֻ֣ǿһˣڰҫؿй˵ˣʵڰҫϣĻ֮Ĳࡣ
ʱ֮УƷһĿԵЦ:һʲô˰ݻǵӣû뵽Ҳһ֮˰
ƷɵĻ쳣ҲΣҲƷɣ˭ֳĲ£ԼҲˣ涼˸ɾʧĺܡ
ʧʧԼֳİοǹ˼ģִֻ̧˸ָҫ˲֮ϣ˵ƶǱ֮ǰ״̬ãȻ
̾һҲǶˣתͷƷɣ˵:ⳡľӮˣ


ʮ һеƣҫʣ
Ļ£ҫƽһ㶣˸ԿƷɣƷɻЦеĳŰҫ֣ʾ俿ԼҫҲɿƣһƷǰȭһ񿪿ڵӣμʦʦ񣿡
ƷЦİҫļϳο֮ɫڵͽصǸʦˣɵķǳã
ҫ΢΢һЦһܲƲĴ겻ѣƷǸˣҴӶ֮ϿӦǲʤŶԣжƷɵʵеľȡ
ؿߣҫɿ֮һУƲķɵǰ˵Ƿɣ˵Ǳǿǰģٶܿء
ʧĿȻֳԼüȻѾôҲֻܱϥһأοʵǿǧֹ˵䲻ģֱɱҲû˻˵ʲôԣǰǴҴԵĸֻƵġ
Ʋһƣһڵ涼ˣ㻹˼ԼΪô
һ˼Ҫλӵʮᵽ˵ھŽ˵Ѿʧȥ˺ܶ棬λĻ˸ɴ࣬ȥЩҲŹκһУѩ̿û侮ʯĺܡ
뵽ƶʱһ亹ȻǰӣԼӵƢںľ棬ԼҰڰҫǶԼ棬ǷĴɣǴݺݵĳԼˡ
¶͵ķϣ󷢴ȱĹһذɣƸæڿУѹӣһϥģ˵
㻹˼飬ôôһûõֳһأٶҵôĿƣ˵漴ְ̧ƵͷţһƵ϶ʱһ߲⻪С
ʱƣϳһʹ֮ɫȴûô첻ͣҪ˵Щʲôƫƫͷһûãջ֣֮ϳһ߲򣬹ıŤͣɫһ𣬸һ֮о
ڱȥһһͨˣҪ¶λҪԼˣɲǾ͹ԹԵĵϰɣƲһƣҲڵĻᣬִ̧˸ָ㵵ʧ
ƵʧҫҲһаǹģƼʹʧְûԼҲ÷ôءµһΪһͨˣѾпĳͷˡ
Ҫ֪һӸλ˵ˣ£һȨ֮ʱûȥϧųϣԼӵеһСһһҹ֮һУϾ˳ʱȨƣһӵȻ޴棬˭ܲˣʲеģ¶ͷ
ʱƾµһ磬ʧȥλһͨˣҲǧһɥһҹ֮һˣҪԼӵеһҲϼѡ
л֮ʵҲãʵҪػصʮ磬ҲԼһһĴŽλߣo⣬߽λ߶Ҫǿǿֹػصʮ磬̸ס
ֶʵҫҲеף˵ˣҪûʲôƸÿػصʮ磬붼ȥ룬ֻҫҲùƵĴΣ֮УֻһĿһʥףʲôθɡ
ǰҫܺãµʮλ߾Ȼÿһܼ㣬ԸΪЧôֻҪͷʮλģܸ󲻵ĺôҫĿŵҫҫֳʵʵǷǳصģȻϲȥͬͬĲˣҫ뵽Լı£ôպܳΪһǿɲðҫԼߡ
ιѾͷ˵ʲôأԸķ䣬ѵ벻˲ɣƷɶݺݵĵһۣ˵
ЦһڵôŸҲû˵ˣֻǸҫѡĻˣôˣôһƢҩͰƵһը
һ䣬Ʒɶʱɴ˫ĿһĨ˼ɫǰ仰ʶĸоƺںܾǰͬĿͬ˵ôһ仰ֻʱ̫ԶѾģһʱҲû
Ʒ˼֮Уҫ΢΢һЦһ񣬿ڵл̧ɵ£ɣ
ҫһǿҵԹҲóɷǳѵõǣȻûзŭЦһڵ൱ĲʲôôеĻ˵ɣ˵أ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣̬ȵе㳬ԤϣԭΪԼô˵ӦûᲪȻŭһŶԣȻԼƷչһսĿŪðҫ֪
ҫ̾һȻûе⣬ҫҲҲ磬ʩһ֮󣬿ڵ£һ²֪ΪҪʵоӢʮеľӢʿӶЩƽˣ˵츳иߵ֣֮˸δؾй֮𣬲Դ᲻̫˵㡣
ҫǼҧüأҲ쳣Ϭ֪ΪʲôҪʵĹģʽʵʮȫԿһȻģҪȰҫڵЩҪǿǧٱ年ֻǺƹܵʮذˡ
ҫ˵֮΢΢㶣Ȼͷ˼һᣬ漴ƷɣڵƷɣĻǵʱ򣬴֮ŭҴսһͬҲΪԭɣ
Ʒ֮ǰһֱڻ֮УĻعҲ˵ʲôͷڵûƽȣ츳ߵֻһưˣܳΪǸһȵһ䣬ҵĹͽʵΣ
Կҫ˵ͷڵʵǿ츳ǱǾˣһõӡ
Ʒ΢΢һЦڵ֪֪ǸھȫģգѨǧٿףһ˿治ûڹġˣôӦûᱻԥΪպǸɲ˲ŵķɣ
Ʒȫʵʵ˵ҫĹˣʵҫҲûʲôƬ̣ҫȫܴ¶˫пǷ𾪡
ʵ¶ҲģϾҫľóȥ˵κԷ𾪣ҫ˵ǽҲַӵ쾡£Ƿ벻־Ż˽ĳɾʵ
ʱ̾һЦԹңԹң̫ǿӲЩ֪ˣ͸ø˵ҲڰŪôʵֻ֪һ֪˵ĵҶĹģʽҲҵĳԣֻǣʵǱΰ
һҫƷͬʱüҫͷ˼ԼԸоõ˵ʲôǶ˲֪ġ
ƷҫʲôɵӣȻܸоʲôǰŰҫŬŬ죬ҫͷʾ⣬ȭһ񿪿ڵ£Ƿʲô֮˵޷ܽౡ֮岻ݴǡ
Կ˰ҫһۣҡҡͷ֮վ𣬳ŰҫƷɶ˰˰֣ڵɣҲǸ֪һЩˡ
ҫƷɶ㿴ңҿ㣬ɶĺͷԣƺҪ̹ʲôҲûжʲô߽󷽵һţھһ֮󣬳ǰһˮˮĴƯһɢŽɫӫĽ򣬿ȥǾޡ
ˮ֮ʱ˷͵Ĵܳʮ׵ˣҫƷɶΧס
ŰҫƷɰ˰֣ʮתʧҲժԼϵߣתͷƷɣȻһЦڵƷɣвµô


ʮ Ŀǰ
һ̽¶Լ®ɽĿڰҫƷеģһ֮òϢľա
Ҫ˵òй֮޲ҶüӣС죬٣ʤѩһ˫ĴۣñҹеǳľĶǣ뷲ӣ޲ɷ
ҫƷɶˣǰΪòΪݣƷ˵ϤˣϹ࣬ȥİϹᰵӣϹڵĪ֮֡
ѽѽ
ƷɴһȻ㵽˰ҫ̽ԴһϹ࣬˻ȥȻ̽˳˻ȥʮΣϹͷϵҪѪҫһć
Сడǽ㱨ʵѽħ裬ɱˣҲǱβŽɱģҲǸˣӦ֪ĲܹѽйĪ֣йĪְƷɶڰҫԴ̽ϹΡΡ˵
ϹҲͷۣʹİԼ̫ѨһӵĿ⿴ƷɣϻдʣϽ㣬㵱ôͿɵˣȻǹƽģò书ȴûиһ
ϹⷬҫƷ֮󣬶˶βѣҫ˶εЦʦǻˣûʦ𣬱˰
ƷҲоԼľٶеʧ棬Ҫ֪ǳ˾ΪܹϹȼĳǿߣԼУڰҫڵУǾ˫ľǿߣľٶҪǱ˿ˣЦǵĴ
ƷһεͷȻĽӽϹ࣬ϹͷգȻʼͣİŪϹԴ߰Ū߶ǻˣǻ
󣬱ŭ֮µϹƷչı򣬿İҫƷԼҫҲǰԴתһԣû
ˣһ㵱鶼ѾȥˣԭûйƣʵĺܶԣٲһɱҺ֮ܿǰһҷǵǣҪлǡϹϵĻҳɵڵزͣ鴤Ʒɣ˵
ҵۼ㱻ƺ˷ɻңԴû£ôģУôʵôֲΪʲôһμҵʱ򲻱ϣҪҴһܣ죬ңʵǺĲаƷ֮˶ϵĳʵ
ϹֻǱһ٣ȫƷܵҲֻǱϵƤˣƷ˵һߣ˲ָܻƷֻϹľٶѡ
ϹûĺƷһۣ˵ˣƺǽ˴ԴˣʵԴһֻڣƮ˿ռ֮УǳɵǣʱһεأҵԴȥ֮ȻҾͻ˹
ǲͣʵһεҲŮĽ̵£ҵʵͻͽŻ˰Ĺ⾰ﵽ컯֮Ҫصԭȵأֻл컯֮ǲģû常ͬҲزȥֻ֮м
˵Ϲͣһ£ΪҫƷɶѾϥһĿϹ࣬˵ƵģͲûаϲ輸һߺ裬һ߿ŹӣϹིԼĹ
Ϲʱеͷʹޱȣͷݺݵĵ˰ҫһŭȵʲôʦ𣬾ʲôĵӣҫѧʦ𷢸УҸʦͬһţҲʦãվе
ϹһŭȣҫʶĴӵϵ··һƵվıֱҴϹƷɿҪ϶ˣεѹȸУҫΡ
ϹƷɵĹϵԼ֮ǰһУƺƷһǿǣǱѰĹϵҫжĽٵ˺ܶࡣ
ۼҫϹĻƴӣһԵƷɲˣվµιǸ㣬ֻʦļӣһֱҴʦ㼼յģ˵ֻҫʦѡ
ϹƷһۣһڵһԸ뷨ôˣҲǵӣʦãҲҫʦˣ㲻ͲҪϹ̣ˣ벻ȥˡ
Ϲô˵Ʒɫһ䣬ƤЦĴ֣ڵ룬룬Ȼˣҫʦ밲Ҫڣ
һҫǺ޲ڸضȥƷֶӵԸǳһأڲܷϣҫǳϹʩһ񣬹ĺһʦá
Ϲĵ˵ͷɤӣ˵ȹ˽ʱ䣬Ҳ˲ٵѣһɣͨǰرԴĺģǿнΪһ壬ˡ
һ䣬ҫƷɽǻȻ¶֮ɫĿǰֱ׿û뵽ȻڣıԴģֶζ󲻵ƷɶǴ۽硣
ϹҲܶ˵ı飬ָžڲǿŽԲ򿪿ڵôǾĺģֻҪ˺ģͿɱأֻǽѾӵеųȥ֮˭˺ģ˭ӵĿȨҲֻеõ֮λʸܴС
С֮࣬λܲװɣƷ̾˿ϳһĨϧ֮ɫ廰˵
Ϲ΢΢ͷ­һڵѪǱȻģԷģȻˣûҵġ֮λᣬǲ춼뵽ս֮УѪɺӣ֮ظǱŪ޷޸Ҵ߱ߣЩǱҿźų졣
ȻҲкõһ棬ҳɳˣ֪һЩпʵЩֵ߳ܵδؾѣϴŵαߣؼʱƿȥȡ棬ᷢԭԼߣûһֵΡ
ЩںϣϿ㣬ֵȥΣΪѣΪ֪Ϊ㸶һеˣԶЩֻ㱳ĬĬˣЩ˵Ѫմҵ˫ֻ֣ΪƽˣЩʱҺһ䣬Ҫô
ҫƷɶԵúܳĬҲǹˣνһǿݣҪһƣĸ˲Ѫȣթ֮£οϹ໹ǸŮӣﻹ죬ҪɱĽɻҪǧ򱶡
ʱҫƺ뵽ʲôڵ:ʦãЩųأܹж?춦ʢʱڵж٣
Ϲһ㶣漴ҡͷЦʢʱڵʮʮصģ˵ģǻ컯֮ǿ߾йǧ֮Ѿʮһˣ
ҫԶʱʧɫҡͷЦʦΪҪĹģʽˣԭɸΪ֮
ûϹ֮оӢĹģʽʵҲ֮٣֮磬ô⵱ҪٵٵԴ
Ϲ֮٣ų֮е˿ȫŲƵеʮһ֮УʵԴޣû˼ȫҲֲֻʵķʽȥˡ
ҫͨһ֮жϹĽѾһɨգϹ࣬ȭʩһ֮󣬿ڵʦã֮ǰ֪ˣʦú
ϹŰҫ΢΢һЦ˰֣ʾԼû⣬ɫһƷɳΪʲôط֮ûϣ֣ƷɣҪԼˣ㻹ǵõǰӦʲôô
Ʒһ㶣漴ҡͷЦ֮͸һ˿ɪںޣڵҴӦ㣬Ҳᱣᰵİȫ˭Ҫ˺᰾ͱҪ̤ҵ塣
Ϲһ˵ô
Ʒɵ˵ͷڵûУʧˣôҾ㴦ãҪɱҪУɣ


ڶʮ жٸ룡
ۿƷϹ֮տʼҫҲ޷һԸżһĶԹûֻ֣۰Ͱ͵ĿǰĬþò
ˣýѵĵҲѵˣ֪Ž㣬ȥҲʹ֮УȺҲɱ⣬ҲǸ㱨˳𣬴¾ôȥ˰ɣϹ˰֣̾һ˵
ƷԿЦһ΢Ц֮ңʧ֮ԵĻصᰵĻִֽϵķҲᷢ£Һ
ûʲô˭˭ôҲΪ㣬ģͿˣ֮飬֪ġϹͷ˵
˵ҫǴһǹʦã˵ĻԼ֮ƺҪʲôô
Ϲһϵһɨգ˵ͷ΢ЦҫͷԹȻͬ죬ûʦҪһǳ޴Ŀ飬ҪһЩأһĸ֣ⳡ顣
һֹǰҫ¶֮ɫƷɶ΢΢һ̧ͷϹ࿪ڵʲôĿ飬鷳ô
ϹҡͷЦڵǺ鷳Ƿǳ鷳һ⣬Ǿʱô
һ䣬ҫƷɽһ㶣˶һۣƷɵͷ˼һأڵʮصӦİɣ
Ϲ΢΢һЦ˵ͷڵҲֻ̫ӴӴÿһÿһ̶ڳµأ޾ĸоˣôǾ֮Уֻһô
Ϲô˵ҫƷͬʱüͷûؼ޾ôϹƷһ༶ǿ߻ٵôٵôȻᣬ֮࣬޷һ˵ʵǶˡ
ʦãǲ⵽˿̽ˣҫһ˫Ŀת˵
Ϲ˵ͷڵĸԳķļһǰңҪҽĿȨΪǵ£ҰڿƣǿҪ常ʱأǸܣͱסˡ常֪ȥķֿʼǰʱǴ˵ҪŰݷãȻ߲ơ
ķҫ߶һ䣬ͷ˼һԵƷɣüͷڵǵʵΣ
ûֱӽֹйǵĴţ˵˵еκһˣвҵΪϹص
ƷҲûж˵ʲô˵ͷ֮˵ҫ̧ͷڵĽԲ̧һָڵʦãҪɣ
Ϲ˵ͷҫ΢΢һЦڵ޸֮ľ
ҫ֮ʣϹƷɽһãȻɴ˫ۿҫϹһɻĿڵҫΪʲôô˵Ƿʲôô
ҫ΢Цͷڵܼ򵥵ĵҲʦغ磬ôѾѹˣֱвķʽбȣΪһֲҪΪֱӴŽյһжǸֱӸʡô
ԣ߳ϵĿǣҪһ֮ұµĸӦò࣬ķһҲֻǸʦˣȫǿŵġ
ҫĻϹຣʱǰһνһ˵ľڵϹ࣬ҫķϹʱһС
ҫ˵Է޿֣ܹԼ˵ôϻֱӾͻˣɻķǰյģǵŶԣҫͷϹаѡ
ϹҪްҫʱΧһЦݣһĻ𣺡СһﻹûȤ߰
ģ˹ͷˣɰҫȴһÿһ£ǵΪ΢ĩеĹӰ첻ǵеκһˡ
ҰѾͷıӵ˸ڱҰ£
Ϲһȣ漴һӣɨ֮£жʱһȦȦһӣһŮӴеɶŮһ̣ʮٴγ֣ΧŮӡ
ŮҲЦͣ漴һ˫ĿһĨ⣬˫һ趯һɼֲİ˲䱬ӡ˷˺ݺݺȥֻһƬʮ˼һѪɶء
Ůڻ֮һ翪ֱڴҫȻһЦڵ첻߾ߵģʦû˵ߣ͸°ɡ
ҫһ䣬ֶ̧׼Ůӣ͵һһɺ˵ǣ籬Ůӻ˸˻ŮһԼֺãֻƾҫӲȥж԰ҫʵһ˿⡣
ڰҫŮӸճصǰʱһԵƷִ̧˸ָʱʮ۳͵ƿնŮӵ֫ҪֻҪŮʲô춯̾ͻᱻЩѡ
ƷȻһЦڵСˣǧҪŶĻĵĺѿġ
£λ֪ʲôĵ£СŮֻǸλС翪ЦѣûҪôɣŮӾ˫֣䣬ϹЦе˵ʱЦĳҲ֪ƾǵӴ󣬰ѰҫЦˡ
Ǿ䲻֪ʲôĵ£Ʒɲûιȥ¶һҧгҪ˵ģҪǰҫţҪȥŮӰƤˡ
һ£ôأҪ֪κôأ·һɱ㣬ҲΪԩģͲôϹĿŮӣ˵
Ůһ΢ЦСŮ졯µĵӣ첻أ£ӦòСƽϰɣ
ϹһڵҪҪƽҵʹΪ˵졯ͷͻˡ͸ƽˣҺΣ
һ䣬Ϲ̧־뽫ŮӺɱŮƺ֪ΪǸЦеģ
ϹཫҪ֮ʣһԵİҫǰһڵʦãһ£ֻһѣɱҲãҪ˵Щʲôɣ
λСŮЦһŰҫ˸ۣҫǱǷݵȻ΢ЦûнԷİﲨһ¡
ϹüŮӵ˲ͷɫ˵ƨţ
·ʦ֮պǰȥ֮һ𣬹˴ƣϣܹԼŮ΢ЦʱʱƳҫƷɡ
ҪǲȥأϹĻص
ŮȻһЦ˫Ŀ΢΢𣬿ڵʦ˵ˣ²Ļôʦ£ԼķеĵˣŰݷá
вôϹԽԽɫѾ·ҪγѪһޱȵĿֲɱ⣬Ů֣Ϲ౾ͲʲôƢôܹŮӵв
һԵİҫɭȻһЦ֪ôģҫЦŮзԼԴһʱпܵ佫͸ëȻĸо
ʦãɷõҫߵϹǰһ񣬿ڵϹ΢΢һ㶣ҫǾ˵ͷԣһ˵ͷ
ҫ΢΢һЦߵŮǰ΢΢ǰ㣬Ͳûˣֻ˫Ŀ͸⣬Це˵ȥʦʲôҪ̸ľ̸˶ԣʱӭԹˡ
һ䣬ҫתͷƷɣߵ˵ͷ۳ɵȥŮӷ·˻ƵȥϹһɻĿ⡣
ҫ΢΢һЦһöģͨһ棬Ůӵӽǽв鿴ҫָָ΢ЦҵľУǶܿ


ڶʮһ ãλ棡
ҫ֮ƷϹ඼һ㶣漴ҡͷЦҫͷ֮ԶǶˣһһź֣ǿʵҪǿҫܶ࣬ͷϣʮƷɼʮϹ඼Ȳһҫ
ʱƷĵ֮ɫǻϲĲУ˰ҫͽܣûմʵ츳ԡͷԽ֮ѡĵӣǸԼ
Ϲһϲһ̾Ϣϲǰҫʦֶһ˫ȫʦֶ˵ȥҲ棬պλ÷Ī
̾ϢǣԼҲͽܣ˱ˣûһܱȵϰҫʮ֮һģ̵֪Ĳãĵ츳У֮ûҫᲢ۵ġ
ҫأûôֻ࣬һ£ǾԼŮеһСžҪʲôķֲźãҲҪõһЩõϢ֮ǰҪ֡
ʱҫϵöڲŮӵӽǣһ׹Ȼһǰڽ빬֮һ·ҲһЩϡŹֵ˸ŮӴк
ֻЩ˿ŮӵŮԼڵҲô㡣ðҫеϲǣ;֮ûһ˷֣ԼǱŮеľ
⵱л˼رǿˣҲǸŮӴк֮󣬱Ҵ뿪ˣһ֮ϡ
ڴĴһһɿľˣһ˫絶ŮӣŮҲ˫ϥ¹˸ͷ˵һʦ
һ̣ҫļᵽɤۣ֮ǰЩ˲ľҲͰˣϾΪ˵ûһȵԼģҲ
ǰˣӰҫǱŮеľԸоõ˵ʵǿҲƷϹˮ׼Ϊ֮ҪʤԼһ
ڽļζԻ֮УûзŮӵ쳣ӦûзְҫǱеľҫҲһ
ʵҫĵĺûбҪŮеľľľһкܴĲͬ
ȥֻһ֣ʵȴǲ칲أһּ򵥵ıȽϷݣǾľǷôľˣ֮ǿͬն
Ҫɾʲô򵥵£ҫǿŴ򷨟oʵҲԼص㣬Ѱ˼ʹҲռƪ黯ƪ
Ϊô򷨟oˣֻһһҪҪ֮ǰǸԺ󣬲
֮ԻҫҲֻ֪ԼʱʶиоʲôڣоԼڵԼĳϵһֻҪԼһرеĸо
ΪʲôĸоҫҲһͷˮǻͲȥ룬ԭɿҲֻλⲿǿ߲Ż֪ˡ
˵ҫǱŮеľǶԷľΪһεģûܲɾĴڣ㾳ΪߣֻǹΪжߣãľֻƳ
˵ǵܾȵ룬ҪҪɱԼ߻ʵڱ񼶸֣ôʱǰĻУ˿ˣͳһ㣬˾졯ˡ
Ůӵͷǣ˵ͷ˰ֿڵˣȥɣ˳Ըȥûб

ŮӱȭһתȥҫǰĻҲŮӵתƫƣƷϹͬʱҫ˼ԣŮȥĻôǾûټһһˣʰҫûбʲôֶΡ
ҫ˶һۣ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ漴˫һӡ˵һֻ֣ŮӵӽͻȻ˻Σ漴̧ͷ߶֣Ҳûǰȥ
ҫǽԼǱŮеžַһڿռ֮У죬ּ԰ҫ˵ֱͺƱһ㣬۳ľߣ°ҫѳǧ򶼲Ӱ쵽ʡ
Ů뿪֮󣬰ҫӡһ䣬ϵĻҲű任ٴγӰֻγ⣬峤ģӰչ˼ҵۡ
ԸǱȼ񼶸֣Ӧòܰɣλǵλ棬Ӧòĸ֣Ҫ֪񼶸ֳ֣һ֪Ŀ϶ĸ񼶸֣ǲǸˡģӰУһɫƳȴ峤Ӱڵ
ֻһֽӽǵʵˣͽʵͨһ˽ƷȻΪԷʵǱȼ磬ʵǵʵжǿͽ֪١һɫ۵ӳ˵֮дһ˿ĳҲûзֻǲɫվ
Ҳ˵ԴѾͷ֮ǶⷽλӦκε춯Ѿһ˰ɣҪĵһ񼶸֣Ҳ֪СĵáһɫԼĪʮСӣ˵
˷Ե֮ˢˢĿһֱĬ죬ƺڵ⣬Ҳǹ˼һſڵôҪ£ȭʲôʵãչȥͬλЧ
˲һ꣬ͬΧԳʮϵȥҪǧὫⷽλϵȫͬϣʱǼʱ뷴ˣпܱⷽλųȥһҪŪֲУϴλߵİλ߲֪ȥ򣬾ǳֵʱǵ˼أ
һ䣬˵ûʲôѾɫ۵ɤڵ죬ûͽ⣿
һɫ۵ӣɫһ䣬ˣ˵ðྭӪһйôϥĹӲдϣҲҪȥ򡣡
˵ʹΪԹŵİҫ˶ܴӻиоɱ⣬ɫƺҲ٣µԴһᣬ˵ֻˣȥˣʲôҪɱôɱҵʵôвңξˣ´ΣͷҪһɣԾڴˣǣ
Ǻɫһ䣬ֱȥɫ۵ӣ̧ĶͷһεڵôˣƢôһըˣʱһùȥƹˣҾˣʱ
˵꣬ɫ۵Ҳתʧֳʣɫ۶ˣҲҡͷ̾Ϣ⽻̸˼䣬Ҳȥ
ʱֻʣһˣֻǸ߸߹ЦһȺ֪νļһʱȻҪǺÿٺ١
֮Ҳʧ֮Կһˣҫջģüͷͷ˼ͬλͻȻҫǰһ̧ͷڵĽԲ򣬿νͬӦǸöԲйˡ
ƷϹҶ˰ҫ쳣ͬʱתͷöԲǶ˵ͷȻϰҫҲʲô޴֮ˣϸһ㷢˹ؼڡ
ҫһ֯һԣڵôһ£ȣʦΪ֮ǰ֮λŪԪˣ벻Ҫµв䣬ָԪ԰ɣ
Ϲ̾Ϣһ˵ͷҫͬͷڵô˸ո̸۵ݿԵõϢһÿһضڲͬλ֮Уʦãڵ֮ⷽУƹܵλڣʦߣôȻǻᱻų⡣
ڶʦŽԲӦŴλԼͬλЧλͲ˵ˣҲλ֮ƶͬλϵ˼ֻҪʦλʱԽôŽԲ֮ͷųܣλɵͬĴڡ


ڶʮ ҫ׼ƣķ٣
ҫ˵ԺƷϹǵͷֹԭܸӵ飬ҫ֮쳣ļˣͨ׶
ʵڰҫ²ûжิӣ򵥵Ļ˵ǾԼĵİˣİҪռɽΪԼĵ̱ģôԼȻҪӭͷʹİȻϹˡ
ɻ˵ϹҲ֮٣ҲֻΪյĻԻͣŻأ֮ǰһ̸󣬰ҫϹҲһҰĵˣֻһŮ˰ˣһҪеŮˡ
ҫͷϸһ󣬷ǷҪķһɣôԼȻ⣬ͻȻǰһһƣҲպÿԲһԼжܡ
ʦãʦ뵽һ취ܹպķʱռݼƣǰҲıһ£˼ǷУҫתͷƷϹˣڵҲ΢΢һ΢Цͷ
ûãҫԼļƲߴµ˵һƷϹĿɿڴ뷨һ£ҫͷԸʵȫȡ
ƷɣյУʵǿ󣬾ͷԶʵһǿɼ񵽱أϹͱͱƷɵֱۣЦ
ƷɸоҫԼ棬ȻǳޱȣԴһȻ˵ǣĿⶾѡҫǿǾ˼ǵģôƷɵĵӰ
˼ǣɣǰҫϹ
ʵⷽ˻ƷɣѡҫԼĵӣƷɻǾ˼ǵģҲǹ۲˰ҫþãھһζľȴְ۲ӵķܷͼǿƷɿء
Ҫ֪Ʒͽɲǿһ˵츳ΣҪǿ㣬һɱ¾ǧǷܹһűģһǲˡ
ĳЩ̾ͻһ겻ЩǷܷͼǿ֪ܶ£ѴΪԼĶԼӵǿ
Ȼҫˣս޲ʤԵİҲ٣ȴûһʧӴһ겻ɾطԣðҫԽ£ÿһʧܶպǿŽӽƷϹǷΪΪʵ
ԹλԼҫеŤһ󣬿ڵʦʦãǾҵļƲôӦðɣ
ԽһЦƷİҫļ򣬿ڵܲ˵
ҫһƳϹ࣬Ҳ΢Цͷ㲻йǵĵ˵ͷڵôһ̿ʼڽʦʦΪһҪκ˽ӽʮڡ
һ䣬ҫԹԵϥı˫ĿƷϹҲǵ˵ͷվҫߣȫ䱸ţ񼶸Ϊҫκ˶ðҫ
ʱİҫԼӵŮеһСɾУһӣԼʦַƸŮͻȻһ㶡
漴ץסԼǰ˵˫磬͵ı˵ľ⣬ԷһɺȴҲѲŮӵ˫֣ҲŴ
ûãͬʱĵϥ¹򣬿ڵˣкηԸ
ҫڶ˵ԺУڵܺãǶƽﱣԼһ磬˽ӴȡڽǶеľɢˣǸ⣬ô
ֻ˵ͷǣʰװ֮󣬱˳ȥҫҲǺݺݵһϲԭľôõģֱþɶԷƶԷĴԣΪá
ҪǣҫŮеǹɾǿԷȻȥһ˵ģǰҫǰû飬Ҳֻ֮ǰһһҪʵһ£û뵽ĳˡ
ַҲûжŮеһСɾʲô̫ģƾţһëļԺԲơ
ɴ˿ɼҫ֮ˣëȻһ£ҫôԶĲŮʦ֣ͣķѾȥٿرˣôԺ󣬿ҲûмͶģΪ˶˰ҫĿܡ
ڲ˱ҫľƣȾһһ֮ܿҲᱻҫƣ·һľѣķ˶ɰҫϵĿܡ
ʱƾͷǳˣķΪ˾ԼഴĻҵѱ棬ҫЩԼٿصˣʲôСķļҵס
ʵǰҫļƲˣܼҲʵãҪ֪֮ǰļпԿķպȻǻһԼһܹƴƾУҲǲʤкпкüػᱻһԼһ˵Գܵʧ
ҫ֪ܹпƣܹѳȥ֮жԼƻĳɹѾɵİգֻҪΪӪԼЩƵ˽нϵ뾫в䣬ǿơ
ͬʱҪСĲҪʲôߣˣҫҪסȫŵ״̬һʲôҲüʱӦԣǣҫƷϹĻ£ô֮ã;û˿۵ļ
ʱ伸գۼڰҫּĸ˵ʱŶ˵Ѿ̫ķӦʱֻҪһαչؾܷǳɵĶȹ
ٵʱ򣬰ҫ˫ۣ˸һԵƷɸæڵҫΣûбְɣ
ҫ΢΢һЦ˵¾㱸ֻҪķô޻أ
ҫô˵ƷϹ˿֪ҫԴ֮ˣȻ˵¾㱸ôͱȻʮɵİգܹļƻôھֻȱķˡ
ڰҫתûãǳͻأĿʼʮλ߸ĪҫƷɡϹҲ΢΢һ㶣˴˶һۣЦ
Ҳɣһ֮⣬ǰҫһ뿪죬ֱ֮Уǰʱһ޼ʵǿգԼ۶žעˡ
£֮ǰ˵Ǽ£ǵˣž֮еһŻɫ˵졯
ϹƲһž˵ļ£ɲǵ⼸һʲôҪҪ飬Ϊ㵱˵ЩȫǷϻһ䶼ûмסأ
һһųɫʱŭķǸӣŸ˷ѿ࣬ɱ𾴾ƲԳԷƣҪĿȨķ㽫Ļҷ𣬳ɢⷽλ֮Уҿ
װŪ֪ν
Ʒŭһ̧һָɨָգһâֱնžûзӦֱӱƷһնΣͬʱžڵĿռնһ蹵ռѣƺòˡ
һʦǶˡҲǣʦԸװǻ֮ķѿ
ҫа룬ȴЦͣԼ֮ǰһУķ֪飬ôԼµİ֣ȫʱֻҪԼһָܸ㶨һС
Ʒһնž֮ڵķλ͵ľĹ籩Ĺ籩ŸɫֱΪҡ졢ϡɫĹ籩֮󣬷ֱҫˣھ˵İ׿ɢΣ¶ķ
ǹɻɫ籩ɢȥ֮Ƿ·ɽһߴ졯˳λڶֵһɫۣ࿡ʲϷǡ˳λֵ쳤ۣһ֮ɫĶŘIһλıǻ¶ںɫ֮е𡯡
ķ֮֮ܵпʼϵֳӰԼһṹӵĽֻһ߼ӴľսôŰҫˣƺһԲϣҪҫ˳ɣµľƼš


ڶʮ һָףȫᣩ
ķֱ㳲Ӵޱȵǿ֣ǺһҪԼҫһµļơ
ҫƷɣϹ˵̬ķе죬Ǿ˸ûķĴһ£֮г٬벻м֮ɫһڿķˣϷĸо
˵ʹ졯Ȼŭ˱һɼ˵ɱ⣬˫ĿĶϹ࣬ҧгݵ˵ûʱϹģսǽھ͸һ𸴡
Ϲһü⣬ЦñʲôĴ𸴣ΪһЩСͿв죬㲻Ҳ˰ɣ

һըһ쳹ķȺ·׷׶סԼĶ䣬ǸеǳܣһǵĶУһЩΪ͵ģͷۻ
۰ҫȫΪ˵Ϊʵƶ˵ֱСһ첻һ˿һӰ졣
µʱֻ̧һȭ˳ƺһɫȭӡֱĺϹȥȭӡ޴ޱȣϰ׵ֱȽϹ·ϰСƼ֮ˡ
ȭӡ֮ʣϹһ̧һӣһ֮£ֲľ绯Ϊһϣֻȭӡݺݵĺ֮ϣ˲䱬һľ죬ȭӡɢȴǺ𣬿һϹʵе졣
ԭΪϹʵҲ͸ǵеһ˳ƽˣǿҲǿȥɴӸո캬ŭһȭʱŷϹʵǵһμʱǿ˲٣Ѿǵеκһ֮ˡ
ϹأҲԼʵе𾪣Ҳķ֣Լʵǵеκһಮ٣ĸһԼûֿҪɹ߶ѡ
ڿԼеģԭԼֻǼȭӡͷȻڷƽ
û뵽ǣһϾȭӡȻԼڵʵѾǰ죬˵еκһ˶Ҫǿ
ʵҲϹǿ˺ܶ࣬϶еģûпŵĳ̶ȣܹ֮ĹҪ鹦ĵͬá
Ϲ̫ǿˣֻķȥ࣬Ϊʱ޿̲ͨⷽλ棬ͬʱ򣬻ڳȡķתƵϹϡ
˳֮£ϹֻԽԽǿķԽԽֱһͨΪֹؿǰľƣϹʵķһʱ䶼ںһҪĴ۵ֵֵá
ϹǸƷҫһۣ˻ഫȻϹʵԤڣôԼⷽҲ治ʲô
Ϲڵʵһжڻ£Ʒɣȫܹѹķˣټϰҫĺ֣ôԼ߿˵ʤȯգȫҪǣǱ㽫Ȩ˰ҫ
ҫҲ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ֮󣬿Ǿ岻ķڵλǰһð취ȿȥһɱ¾ֿλǰʦúƽ֪λǰȤô
ҫĻķע⣬˽ͬʱתƵҫϣȻܸϹվһ𣬻ƶԷΪʦãôʵȻСϾϹʵѾôǿˣʦֶȥǶ԰ҫҲûгʲôĲм֮⡣
컹ͷУֻһתͷȥɫı𡯴˿ڵ˵ɣţ
ҫ΢Цĵ˵ͷڵֻҪλǰ뵽ʦõ֮УÿһʱһԴǱ˴֮ȴֻԷÿ˵綼Ƕķ򣬶Ĺκһø棬ôʹͬλ棬λǰҲõԼųȥһݻҲ˫Ӯľѽ
һķʱɫ䣬ҫɱ⣬ڵͬⷽλԼųȥ£ҫô֪ģȻԼڲ֪ܵ˰ҫļӰ
ô֪ڵλ汻ͬģ˵򣬱ھɱ㣡ŘIʵҫɱ⡣
ķɱʢ֮ʣƷϹͬʱҫǰǰЦһڵ붯ͽ⼸˵ˣ
һ䣬ܶʱһĽƷɵ͵ʮӳɲǼ䣬һɷ·ҪĿֲӿƣķа
ǰӾȻӵŲϹΪʵ߻ҪˣʵϹй֮޲
жʱǰƹǲ֮٣Ϲ߾Ȼȼĸ֣ʼδġ
ʵڵŮ㱨ʱ򣬾ѾἰƷҫĴڣֻûôȥˣںǶ˵Ĵڡ
ʱ˿ǲŷ֣ԼǷһǰİҫƷֵȥӣƷɣʮŽһĻŵĸо
λǰҪǵɻھΪǽ𣡡ҫ΢Цصִ˸ָ
һ룬ķǺѹѹĲǣȻ嵥ϥ¹򣬹ݼˣ
һĻǰķŵòᣬתԼĲ£ĺҲĺֻԼĲľٶЩӴĽ涼Եúǲ֪롣
ķعͷʱĶĿͬʱڰҫһϣ졯ҧгݵ˵ʲô
ҫǸЦеģָָԼԴڵûʲôֻóϷˡһָӦþܳһЩ벻ı仯ˡ
ķʱһϷǡ΢΢üڵǸ㲻˰ɣ
ҫ΢΢һ㶣΢Цͷҫͷ΢΢һ㶣תͷһߵĻ𣬷ֺҲ˶һۣǿҫһν˵ˣ֮ǰ飬ҽܣ֣ô
һԵĻ˵ͷڵû
˵ı̬ŘIʱʧɫһŵɫˣ˵ǣǲڿЦɣ
ûİһۣ㲻ĿֲɣҪҪһ£ʦôġ
ҲδؾͻһС촫ء
׳գһУǻܻôҪҪֲôοڵϣֻҪһָŪµˣһУҪˣǵĵȫջ߻ٵʧҲеɣҲô֮
νƱǿĻ˵ĶʵҫҲȷʵ뷨ŘIҲǲò¸߰ͷ­ͬǽ֮ǰ顣
ҫȻ֪ǰｻʲôȻĴףôԼҲȵ̫΢΢һЦڵľʵλǰҲõģҲ֮ˣ˴˻ݻҲ
Ĵ㿴ңҿ㣬ҡͷЦ˵ʲôʲôҦתͷϹ࣬΢ЦʦãһҲͽˡ
ϹҲ΢Цͣ˵ʵڵ֮ǰһֱеĸоЦǱһζ
ϹָһһöûҫüģȻ󿪿ڵĵһִУԺˡ
ҫһ㶣ϹƺܼƵģԼҲþܾ˸ƷϹ࣬ڵʦʦã֮ͽˣҾȻȥˡ
ȥģ˸е棬ͬʱʵ
Ȼǻȥѽ⼸ʮûһиҲǸúú÷һˣȥԺɽȥ
һ䣬ҫһתʧڶ˵ǰƷϹ㿴ңҿ㣬ҡͷЦѽҫһ߱ڵأ˶ϣǸúúЪһЪˡ
ȫᣡ

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ