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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

1

ɽ˰иСзֱͨ⣬סһЩʵʿ
ڷֱڴкܾˣÿһᵮӵܣǧչɳһɼ塣
һõĴ磬һŮլſͣ½Ų
츮ˡ
ԭͷ˿ſ̽ңߵ˴ϵͭ
峤ӭҪıͣҵĴž׿Ŀ̾ŷֵصļҶ
ͣ¿ͣ£ι˵أûУ
ں˵ԭڶĴ󺺣صҲСιѽ
˭ʲôס֣֣
˭ˣԭˣµģҵ˰ɣãҽȥҪ¡
ҵĴſɲ˭ܽģҶŷֵֻ꣬˺峤ӴŽˣԼҵϵүСҲûʸ
ǴİɣҶ϶ʡ
ǰˮģҲʮ߰ӣż²ɵ°ɫۣϱһѿĴ󽣣ϸγ˾޴ķ
ֿϸõ˵ﲻˡ
ҵŷʲô¿ȸ˵һͨȥĹؾϡҶӽ͡
ѽϣһϡԭͷֵʮͨģҼСһҹδ飬ַ˵ǺҵүһȥѰ
һ⻰Ҷһ˼үĻ̽˾䣬֪գҪҵһλ
֣ҼСȴճ̣г
ֵȴһճ̵СܣԶݰүȷʵһ˻صŷҪһճ̵ģ˵֪˴¶
ճ̰롣ҶװģػһȻҡͷĪҴطˣҴ絽һֱŷǵճ̵ڸް
ûٺ롣
ȷʵûСҶҡԴ˼Ҳ٣㲻ȥطҡ
ѽкЩ˶ҼСܺүһûɴҶѽԭգգ۾һɻ
ҾͲ֪ˣûУȥҰɡ
Ҷ̧ߣٶϻүȻԼôͲסһѾ۷ֳͬĻҲ
ү֪أҪҳԺ˵ԭסҶôһ֮
Ӵ˭ѽҼүҲ˵ͼģҶЦһ߿߿ң
Ҷѵ˼ˣԭһӾͿˡ
ףո㲻ǻ˵ҪȥͨôͲˣ
ҶϹҲס׳ֱȥԭϹֵĵط𣿸Ͻҡ
ֻתĽͻȻ쳹ҶŰ
㡭㾹ȻҳˣҶг˲ţ벻˸Ҵſڴҵˡ
ûпԭôֵģΨһĸоʹҵʹһ̴ĸ첲Ȼȴûһ˺ۡ
ȶֵģȶֵģԭµҪʳָǰƣ޳صԲסþûͷ˴ˣûպá
ˣ
˵ģֻʿ
ҶĿԭϵǰѴϣԭΪֻǸͨߣ˭֪Ǹʿ
˺ʿλ죬һ죬һڵأͨķ˱ʿˣֻķݶҵ˰ҪǱڼſ۸˶ҿҵڣڣ
ʿʲô˲ʿҲǷŵȵģʿʿҲкü۷壬ϣͻƳΪˣѵԸһʮ߰СѾͷ
ڼҶʶУʮ߰ˣ츳ΪҲ߲ȥϾͰеү˵ѵһţʮ߰ʱҲĲ㣬ѵԽүȥ
ҵţҶԹݺݵضԭ˵ֱ۹սš
ȥû𣿡ԭ󺰣һҪҸܹµһҡͷ֪ҿɲҪ
ŷﻹһҶͿĿɿڴԭ߹ŵˣ㡭ʲô
ʲôѽҸطŵȡԭһӣһƨ˶ȣЦص㲻Ҫ£˺ܽģûңǲȶֵġ
ѹղһ߶һ£ԭ˼ȶ֣ͿԷĵػˡ
뵽ŷļҶһ£Զˡ
ҵĴܹܣõŷͨҴҸϵʱҵſѾˡ
ҸǽŲܽŶȥ˾ͳ
ôϹ˵أҿûϹ˵ҼСȥģڶûзųҲ֪ôˣû÷ԣ
ʲôǽȥû£ҼСôóţҾûˣ
ۿȥˣѹֳȱ˻µȵòͷˤ˾ӣүҪȵ赽ڶûϡ
ԭЩ˶ſڡ
Щ߲֪ͨߺԸҲҪǴ¾硣
һãһá
һȺԶ߷֣óһ·һ۾Ϳһʮ߰Ĺ˰ſڣϲ
ŷǸʿеĲ̫һأ
߰ͻͻֱüģһȥλֵѰɣߣ츮ܹܡոյ˵ĻѾˣмܴһЩᣬ㲻ȱ裬ذ
Ȳ裿ðҲڸˡߣȥȲ衣˼ԭͣסߵܹܰ˵Ҫ˵˰죬Ǹģװ˷ҵʱ䡣
ѷģֻܹܣ⸮£˵һ仰ġ
Ȼ֮ɫȻ츮ӣΪҲ˲㣬峤ΣڸȨأһЩӶòͽ
˵һ仰ѽҲ֪ã
ȴԭüһ
ǫǫ
ôϻǹźЦݣֵѣ롣
ƫ˷ֱŮ߲ſڡ
ֵǲŵֱɣǰûм֪δ
ԭɤӣ˵ûʵǷֱˣСסڳҸ˭֪ûˣȻҪˣһʾҵǼ˵ܹܣǲǸøҸǾСŪȥˣ
߱Ҫԭ˭֪ԭһﲻȻλȥַ·Ǹ첻ߵģʵϿ²򵥡
ټʼ޷͸ΪζʲôζΪ֮ϣҲ˲㣡
˲ΪǼүҲĪ
үү㾿Щʲôѽ


2

ôԹҲԭǰֳ츮ܹλõˣô֮
˵֮ǰ֪飬ողȥ飬԰꣬ȵ˽̸
Ц̬ǫҵҲ˵ùȥԭҲͱˣͷϿ˵ǡ
Ǹܻ˵ˣһķ֮£̸ʮǢ
յĹ򣬱ƫ̽ͷ߸ȥ˸һٽʱɫøء
ֵѣճԼĪʮͣ
ǰôˣԭʡ
¿ˣˣ΢˫ֲգص߶齹Ʋȹϵϡ
ʲô£㵹˵ѽԭϣǰΣܸо̫ʵǳ˴£׷ǹʵģż
ֵѣҡҶ֪ô㿪ڣ
ﻹݣԭǰѻȫˡ
˵ˣôܣ˶ǡ
ԭĿ⽥䣬ֱë˵ˡ
Ҳ£ӦǡǡС׹ˡҲܹǣ
㲻ø˵ԭڣɵ˵ԭնشȥµĵطҪˣҪʬȼȻ֪ԭˡ
⻰ôôΣҪ˻Ż˵Ҫˣʬԭ
ԭҲҶ໰ϼ֪ˣҴҳ˸·ص㻢¡
ֱԶڳǱ⣬ɽһ֧һſĻ¶̽ͷ¿ѱǳ
͡ˣҲģ˭֪Լ͵ȥˡ
˵ľλү˿̴࣬澪ţһԼͣȴԵô԰
򵽽񣬲һʱ䣬ȴһôֻѳƭУظͷȥ˭֪ȻܵҲ͵˷֮һ·Ӵܣӵ£Ų·֮׹¡
ԭϢؽһˣĵС˾ˣʲôˡ˭֪ƫƫһǸʿܹ˵Ǹʿػû¡
׸磬ҵүǱչسĹؼʱ̣޷¡֪һȥ⣬ڲ
ۿȥģԭʣ٣²ϣһ˿Ĺ⡣
ǣۿģûҪҽҪܣ͵ĶԽԽ죬ʲô취پʮίѵץץˣ
ȻߵһģҲȥɣ
ԭצȥץ٣ٺܣȴý˶˶ӣôҲŲˡ
ܣûôףԭѾټϣֻҪһͿԽ˦ɽ¡
̲ס֣סһֱֻۣԼһֵѣ飬Ҽүǹ⣬ܵȷдȣ
ûָһãֻϣܻһ˭֪һ֮£پȻ˳ƾײӴһס˱ӡ
ôһ£߲ؿԭ
ˣȥʲôãҲٱԭĵصȻһ˭Ҳ벻Ķ
ˣȥɣҪˣҪʬδֹȴѾͶĮĮС
Լȥˣ
е˶סز
ôԼѰĿȫ޷ԭͨѵǲװѳͳͳɱˣˣ
ôߵĵطȥİɣҪˣ鷳ǲҲûˣӴ˿˯Ⱦˣɲ֪ô£ﲢûһɣӳˡ
𣿲ģ
߿϶ҡҡͷȻǾһ
ߣȥҧ
ǵȻֱȥûǸ£ҲûǸһƵɽѰ˹ȥ
ɽϱ磬Ұިָֻ徻
ԭȻѰͶ뵽Ũеһ˲ϱ㸡ֳĻ⣬ϵĴԶʣವһµĽ¡
˷磬ϵΪпܰ쵽Ҫ߼һĻһᾪ°ͶҪ䣬ʮ߰ʿȫ֪
裬ֻԼɼǰҵľ룬ԭŷɽٶȣڰһϸѰҡ
½ɽµʱһͻأغбڰУϵһɽʯУһ뱩¶棬ΡΡƺʱܴɽʯķ϶
ֻ֦˴Ȱϸƺһˣɽڰ¡
𣿡
û˻شԭʹŷɽһЩſ
㰡ⶼˤȻûлӦлƽȣȻֻιȥˡ
ԭֹȥ뽫ŵԼķɽϣָոմ½ǣĵȻĸо
˵ʱʱ죬һҫ۵Ľⲻ֪Ӻȹɡȥʱ֦ϿտҲӰ¡
ԭ֪Լʲôطոһɾ޴Ŀռ䡣
Զĵطϸ΢ĺȻѹ֣ȴǱ׽ˡ
ԭɫǱƶȻӰ̶ȡ
ˣұһ֮ң
׼һȻһ𣬡㣬𣿡
Сдһ˿ƶϤǻУԭʱס֡

㣬ˣ
ϲԴĻȲײԭ
ѽ߿ôˣôëëŵģ
ԭ򢱻ͷ÷ۣϽͷ˺ü²

ЦǺǵƵġ
ڴ﷭һҳһҹ飬£ԭ½½󣬱׵ƺЦ⣬ȥĻ
ԭ˵ϴ£Сһ
Ҫó󡣡
Ѿˣô죿
Сӻ֪ߣڲǲ̫˵㡣
ָ©Ǿ͸ϿǰɣסӢӾͺˣ
ԭʧЦһֱģӢǸղţôסô֪ľأҪ˸ˣô죿
һҵȻ϶ųģҪһ㣬ֻ¸ϼˡ
ȿȿȡ
뵽Լո׼ΪǿԭϽ˻⡣
ҵ˵͵ļٵģ
㣬ôʳ⣿Ҹ߽Ʒ̫ˡ˼ͻȻ˦֣ƭҴһ㣬Ҫڱڮҵ鵰ҵţСүطȥˣҪÿ
ԭһһէͲ㣿
㣬𣿡һӱԹޱȡ
⻭磬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ԭػӻ֣ˣҲ˵ˣɡǻǾŪʲôط취ȥѡ
ԭҹ飬ù߾յԶһЩƶţռ䡣
һܱյĿռ䣬󣬴ԼһɷԲӣ߼͵ͷ
ռıԵ͵ͬһֲ֪ĲɣĥƽԽߴƺԽխ
ԭԹɵϷ鿴˭֪ɵһɸ߾˼ǿǸߴнֹ̽顣һδܵԭİ
㣬㿴ʲô𣿡ڱ߱ͻȻðһ䣬ôһҪǲˮϻ𣬹๾ʱɲһ


3

ݡҲСֻʢ²ͨô򵥣һһķ
ԭűԵת˼Ȧ϶뷨ЦΪ˽ƭԷǶ˺ôȦӣʲôô
ô߳Ϲϵģ츮󶼷ʲôԭһߣϸϸѯ
㣬Ҳ⣿ڱʹ
һںڰеʱ򣬾ѾԼϵ·ȥ˼飬ԽԽɵءԭ֣µ𣬾͸Ӽᶨ뷨ε´ͷβ˵һ顣
ֱЩרΪʿṩĵ̣ʱϲȥһ䡣Ӵ౻ɼѿأҺңռľ
ȥһҵĲҵ
ؼǻãûҵԼҪؼȴ˵ҵĲسһûķˣͲĵ˷ǵʱ;
ͺ͵Ҳ˵£˭֪ߴԼ⣬龰öҵӣˣӲҪͷ
Ȼϣ߾ҪۿҪߵæȰ˵һʿŸһ鷲˼ƽϣ͵£ȥˡ
˳ǰûĴȴ˵Ѿʮſ㡣ʿֻ˵˽һĿܣսδؾǿǿ׳ķˣҪδؾͻ䡣
Ͼֻʮ꣬ǿʤͣټίҲϾʹ˰ݣִ
ߵһѾ˵ˣɴ˶Լ˫ԸʤжעͲ۸ˡ
˶ͷӦǼҵ̵ĺԺչ˱ԣһЩ󣬳Ӯ˶Լڲͷ֮ǰ˵õģõҲ󿴰ʸ
˳ظȥ츮Ҳ֪ǲҵĲ󣬷һڷźܶĴ󷿼䡣
淭ңʱ÷ɿ죬֪Ϳˡȥ˵ƣ˭֪һС˿ͺ˰ץ
߾ʹڵظˣƿڴ˵Ҫ׽סƤ
һβԣʲ˸Ŀݺ
úǰ
Ⱥһսŷ˺ȾܡҲʶҵ·ֻٵĵطȥ˭֪һ·оյܵҺšҺŲ֪ԭѾֱıŲԶˡ
׷ȽҲһؼңһҧܣȵɽ϶һԭҪֱˣʱٻȥͲˡ
ɺߴһ·׷ᣬŲ·ֻ֪ߴܣ֪ܵϻ¡
ǰѾûȥ·ҲѾǾƣԲˣڵЪ
׷ʱ׼ٴһ˭ϵűʲôһ£һ͵ɽ¡
ΪɣǺǺڣ˭֪׹ĹкȻһǿڿз˺üͷ͵Ĺط
˳˵ԭ֪ǸǸЦˡ
ôĵӣһʿģͲ룬һأ¹ߵͷȻΪū𣿡
ΪȻô䣡ֻɫڻ¡
Ǻ£ŹͷǷˡҪΪӮ˸ʿ⣬ΪʿˣҪǴͷԺеǿͷԡ
Ŷ֪ˣģġԹԵصͷ̣ܽʵЩûԭ˵
Ǹ٣Ȼ㣬ȴֳǿģȻƾˣһӶ첻ңƽطԣͱɫԿ壬濴ŹʰˡЩ£ֱˣȻĻҲԷ֮óȻȥսһʿ
¾ûҪˣʡĶ䡣
˵ôôͷҵĲʲô飬Уܿ𣿻ҪǽƲʵڣ㲻֪һҪһǮ𣿡
ԭȻʮ⣬ǮǲӶģзǮﲻҪ
ţȴشͷ˴±𷣵СҡҾҿûиıİ취
ûһ޷壬ԶҲܳΪʿǳı顣ǣıǼ׵£ʿǶţë
ʵϣбһе£һжδسһʿɼʸԭϡ٣׸ı䣿
Ĭһԭ̾˲𣿡
ͨһһӪȢӣҺڣ֣֮ϲ֮࣬ȣƽƽعһӣ
˿ԱԣȻá
ӿһ㱡ڼ֮ǰȻʲôãǸʱѹûʲôʿ˵ĸеһжϰߵģ׽ģõòˡһ֮䣬˺֪еĺãõôôĲһλֻҪ죬ͿԶ
кޣֽγ˽ᣬһӶġ

̾ϢԭҲ޻˵ЩԼⲻ˵ٶҲáҺãֻʮ꣬Ǹѵӣٹ꣬¾ͻὥﵭǲܲڱɱԣޱʹ֮С
ĬУԭȻоԣռ¶ڲͣʼ˸оůͣȴǿѵ
Ƿ֮壬ԭ˲ֹһǰ㣬ת˲֮ͺ£ٹƬȴˡ
㣬ҡܡ촽ɽѵؿš
ԭڴɿطңǵûʣѩ֭ݵģȥˣ
ѩ֭һݣԿຮǽ൤ҩеĳҩڵȼ̫ͣƽʱòϣǺܶǰɼʱʣµġ
ⴢԭʶٵѰҵװѩ֭ݵС
˭ϵƽʱ֮ʱ˾ҩݸЩǰ˭йƽϡ
ѩ֭ɵҩ֭žԼֻˣڵԵƣһĸоĺ縧ĵף˵ˬ
㣬־һΡ΢΢Цš
ͺúüסԺҡԭ˻еĿպӣѩ֭һ꣬ʱһƷʯۺϻƽһԼϰɡ
ãҼţһʱʶǵء
֪ԭֻ˵˵ҪˣҲû
ԭȴγۣ֮֡ϵЩ£һ׮һ֮˲ƣһͨķˣֵ˻ôĹ򣿻ռ䷨ҲͨõóֵģСƣֱڵҺҿ¶ûֱʣңҲûҪ
ԣĿܶԷǳٴӼǰͿʼ֣̽ԼÿµֱĹɣȦףԳΪС
˵ףѽ
ܱտռ֮⣬˽һƴСɫ«ڻ˿ڻ죬﷢Ц
ԭԭҲн죡

4

ˣ͵ˣ̫һĵصƺֻ˵Ȱ˵Ļʮ⡣
һϧˡ˵ҲȰźг˻𣬽«յУ浯һ£Թţʱ䵽˾ͷǳ
˵Ʋһۣȥ˵һЩԷĻѹǷϻ
ûȥˣպ¸Ҫ
˺ˣߡ¾Ϊպ׼ѵ£
һ˵һ߼ɽһʧʡ
ԭͳȻ֪淢£ռڵ¶ʱһǸٶһѩֻ֭Ҳˡ
ֻǣûһΣһֻٺ״һжδ֪
û˻ϲ鳬ԼƿصĸоԭͳȻҲ⡣취ȥǵĵ֮
ͲҪָˣæҲɲóֻܰϣԭϡ
㣬취ٲȥĻҾҪˡ·ʱϽȥѹӡ
һ֪ԣԭţһʡŵ㣬˭֪ǻҪòųȥ
ʲôֽ򿪣һϤζ˱Ƕ̶⣡ô̶⣡ÿζ̶⣬Ͳܻ㻨
гԵľͲˣԭҪͻҪûء
ҪҪҪ˭˵ҪˣæֽصгԵľˣûȻѾ̶ζ
ԭһֱʱ˳ִӽֱߵСЩ̶⣬ʱóԣػ̶⡣Ǳ԰ڶ̶⡣
ֻίһԼˣȰѶΪϡ
һǶ˵ԵʣȻҲУֻûˮȣЩҭûš
Ͳˣʣµ̶Сĵ°ã
ڼ䣬ԭѾĴ󽣿˽ںü£һǳǳӡûиɶ𺦡
ӡ˵ⷨǼ᲻ɴݣֻýַʱַҪȥˡ
ԭֿ˼£ͣס֣ضЩĺۼ˼Чİ취
ϣûβƵģֻ󣬷ûöԡ
ԭڵΪҪǲܣֻȫһɣĺǣı¶ʵ
Ѿ˼ƽϣ֪˭Ϊʲô¡ھͱ¶ԼʵļƻмӰ죬򲻵ǲġ
Ѳǰ⻬ԭָЩĺۼƣһ뷨
ոȻǱˣ˵һ̶ϵĸ£ôܲܵأǣӸȻ£ȼ֮£ᷢʲôı仯
ϣԶһ㡣
ԭӴ﷭һ۸Ȼֻкķܱϵһ˵Ҫǿ
һ˻ȥŮ˴ģҲŲҪ
ԼҪģһܲסˣɲҪ֣
ԭƣɽ۵ŵӷö˿ǼԴҲأ
Ҳƣ֪ԭԵ޹һŮ˵·϶õϣǸ˰Ӻɷ򣬴Ů˵·ʲô
ˣҲû˿һºҲûɶ˵ģǰҲһˣѾϰˡ
ǣû֣·
ԭֵݸݲݾϣƻƵģסûЦ
ȳ˵ԭĻ㼯һڴĻ𻨣ƶл۵ĵطʼ
ԭϵŻԽԽҲԽԽռ¶ȳߣҲֺ
ԭȻз໤ȻеԵȣǱڻϿͷֵ¶ĵطΪܡ
س˳ڣˮ˳޷ŴŵµΣû˵ֻĽؿŵǰԭȫʩΪרעĿһ˲˲ضŻ⣬ȴȻˬѴ󷽣ʿ뷲˹Ȼһ
ѾЩ͸ˣȴȻûҪõļǵʱ˸߽׵͸²ϡ
ԭϢԽļ٣֪ҪˡȻֱյϣռ¶ȶһ˵ޱȵˣΪ֧ôá
Ѿˣԭ
ողŴһûüͷϵĺȻһɺӽŵ꣬ëһ̣üëͷϽ˪
ֻԭ˫ֿոչĽڣ͸źĽ˲䱻һ㺮ķΧƵֻһԲС֮ڸ֮С
Ѿֻ˼άڻԾһ˵ôǻǱԻͬʱɸӳ
˫ؼ´̼ýڳһ˿ҡǡУһϸ˿ķ϶ڱѣܿʳһ״
ԭ󽣣ôһӣڡһƬ
µϢƶӿԭڽ״̬еĳ˳ȥ
ʱѾǺҹˣƵסԭϸһŷԭһɽУѾڻˡ
ɽгʯͷľҰݣݴһЩҹĳϤϤţôŵɽЩ
ˣұˡ
ӲֽţǾֻתˣһʱ佫ϵݸԭ㡣Ժǵ׼ҼҴ·
ԭɨһۣ·ζû¶һΣ㲻۰
۵ȻۣҲܴ̼ѽľͨһӶһΣ۵Ҳֵá
˷һ󣬲ڻعζ˵ʲô¶ûꣿǲǶǺĹط𣬻ʲô£̧ͷɽʵɽڣȥԽ˵Ӧòѽ
ɽȱԽܿȥ죬ƿĻ˽Զ档
̶⻹аɣʡŵԡԭܣﲢûʳԴҪǳʱȥֻгҶݸˡνͱٹˣֻ⺢ӡ
㣬ʲô˼Ѹողӵݴ̶ڻѵ㲻ȥˣҪҳЩ̶һӣ
ԭΪؿ̶⹻һӣ˵ĶЩʲô
ﱻסˣʱȥȽ͹һ˵
˹ʣõع۲磬Ӷҵڣһٽ֮ơ
ôн磿ǳ˻ֵѡ޺޵ҧһ̶⣬ߣСүȥˣÿ뵽ڿߴůһ
ߣû¡ԭҲȻҪЩҪ鷳
ǻ˭Ķŵͣ£ɻؿԭӣ֪˭


5

ֻе룬˭ȷ֮û˵֪߻ǱƭˣѲ˸ϵԭֻ͸¶϶һЩ飬һЩֻģͲ˵ˡ
ȻոǴܱտռʱԭһ˵С«˵ǾסǵĶʣǸС«أṩʲô𣿡
ԭҡͷǰûʹùҲͷ
Ҳǣ˭ʱԼ־ԵĶ±˲֪أ
һܷĵط˾͵Ϣڼ䵹ҲƽһѾ
ԭŴƣɺ棬㣬һ϶ӣ𣿡
ܡԭۣųϢһָòЦһʲôʱչϰһ궼СЩΪߵǰһչؾǼʮ꣬ҪɣȾҪס
ʮ붼ÿֲҪǻԼ¾ܲˡɣѵģ
⽥ɽյһ
ԭգӸߴ¿һãڱ
һ;Ҫ츳Щֻһ㣬ȴˮܿţЩϵţȴԴһĪչķҲѵңֻܶ
ԭϵֻͨɽȴֲ̫һ㣬֮û뵽ԭҲо˶Ҳһ֪⣬ͨ
ԣԼĵƱ¶кôģԸ˾Ͳ¾ϸҲͻƵķ
۾ɽȵϷһʯгɵĹͼΣһ޴ɽʯѹ棬ԭֱһ˹ȥϵº˸顣
顪
Ӳͬķλ𣬽糹ױƿ
ߣ
ԭĿɿڴеĳϴ󽣣һسɽȡ
һ㰡һûվȡ
Ȼǵһγ˷ɽˣͻľٶóҡһΣӽϵ䣬ػסԭ彩ӲҶ
ͬʱɽһڣԭڴİӻȻվ
ôͳȥˣǳҵϣ
һʮ꣬üĿ޵ŮӴҴҶѲһ飬ѹ԰ӵʦ֣ˣˣô죿
ɨһۣصô죿͵ʲôûøʲô͸ʲô¶žͺá
ǡ
Ůӻ˵ЩʲôȴʦִϣʦãĲѾô࣬Ȼ赲ԭҲû취¡ʦֻڱչأǰֻԭɣ
һᵽʦ֣ǱʦõŮӵʱ㷲
ճӿеĳʦг轣İ֡þɽ۵ŵӣֻڣڡ
һεŵӴȣСηֱԣÿһΣֳǿףֱԭĳ֡
ԭǰŵģʱڣڶѸٵشܵڡɴȣһ½ڣȻ˿ãһ꣬һ·ɱֳ䣬һƥ
ºܽᣬΪвŻ䣬ԭʵжǿҲӷܷͼǿҪĴһѩǰܡ
ȻıȻԭڣȻڽ¡
Ժ󣬳轾ʹȺʧˣһεʧ޷ٸԼҽڣ˳أһֱڡ
ۿţһֵĴҪʼˡ
УԭҲڶУûлķʱ䣬ûеףҪֳһΣһδݲУпܻħӰ쵽ԺС
޷ȥҪԭЩ鷳޷ȫμӱԣҵֳ֮⣬εľȻΪߣһֻڣˣƺʲôᣬʲôѲ
˵⣬ܾϾⲻʲôʵ£Ƭ̾ȻӦˣֻҪܸԭʵϵ˺סαԾͿˡ
ӦˣԭûʲôޣԸֻΪֳһŮ˼ĪĶʼɣⲢԶԭɱ֡
ǣʼԭĶ
Լ֮ǰԭɽһˣʮŻ֮ÿµĳŶɽʮٻ
ڰйԭÿȥĵطɽķֱһСӽгƺԭĹϵʲôϵûóԭľٶпԿǺܿСӡ
ǣͶƲߣֱͨشҵˣУԭɽͷһ춯֡
Ǹסԭͳĺ«ԶרŹģûǰʹùǸ磬Բõġ˫رգΪ޷죬βƣ˭֪һϣԭǾˡ
ˣвʣǾľֶûסæֻʲô취أңֳ֪ȻĻ֪ͨӣСԼᱳϳصİӶӱ
ʦã˰ɡǴȵӣʦҲʱˣҲ֣ᷢʵǸʲôͿԼӮʤ
˼ǣһжù𣿳ҧ´ĬطԼĶ
ȳߺϵƽѣŤ˺£һӣµ̴ɨ䣬ڰ׵Ӷݶǡ
˺һŻָƽɫϵһſżȥԭʲôûǸѣ
ԭΪƺ󣬵˻УһʱųߡкУҲԭķУһҶû׼ĵطűȽϹƽ
ǣѾ뿪ɽôԶˣû׷ļ󣬲һҪסʲôԭǷˣ
Ҵ⣬Ȧַһ·ûжŷĵؼеٶȡ
¶˰ɣںΡΡʣ̶ѾȫˣʵǲŵζɸʲôȦԶûóԡ
ӦˡԭֻƣѾ˼һ֣ôʹ˰;ϣƳһ˲ΪǸʱõʱ
ɵ˾ˣûнһжͷβƣֱһЦǵ̫̫޴ԭҲ޷жˡ
ɱԵӣһҪøһҪԲٱκµˡԭ˼Ƭ̣һ
ץңҪˣͷԳһ䣬תɽȥ
ΣյĵطҲȫĵط뽫ס𣬲ܳʲôԭͨͨܣصɽԼĶٴһأǻóʲô취Ϊ


6

㣬ȥѽʣҪطֱӡ
ȥɽס죬㲻һֱȥξóԸ
ɽԭǲ½һ۵Сɣֱ⼸ԪӤڵʿ󣬲½ϱɽһЩȨ
ôͨڷУȴɽأټɽϳ֣͸Եׯϡ
ɽԭȴһֱӦ˺ܳһʱ䣬ڼԭ˿ڣ˵òڷɽ
ʱ۵ɽųǰԭ·ɽ
۵ĹأڼϵʿſԭͳֻܿԼ˫߻ض
֮ǰڰɽŵִµǼǣûǲڵġ
Ȼܵɽŵķ˻·ģΪͨķ˸߲ôԶɽƼƾ·ˡ
Զݣɽס졣ԭ˽ܳ
õǼǺŵִµӾͷˡΪɽ͵ķָԶ󣬲ڱ۷׷ס
˵СӸʦʲôϵ
˵Զ𣿡
ҿ񣬵ǡ
ʲô㵹˵µģ
ٺ٣ɲ˵
Ͷ˶ȴûӿͿԿС֡
ܰɣСӿȥëû룬ҿǡȽ񡣡
м䡰˽ӡȻĿ͡

ЦУһĵصôˣ˵Ҳֺֺǣ
ʦ֡
ոջһ˭֪ʦʦķߣոЩ֪٣᲻鷳
ߣǶҰͷŸɾ㣬Ҫ˵ʦһ֣ҪǺÿ
ǣǣǣңң
񾯸ʮɨЩһۣżӿٶȥ׷ԭ
ոЩ˵˼ʦ˸ɽʲôݣҪȥ
˵ǲֻܲУûнֹʹȻ۹ɽŵžаʮ·ԶֻҪߵʱĴƬռ䣬ɽ塢жҪ̵ʱ䣬οС
ԭų֣ʹسɴֻľͣˣߺҲضá
ͷתһһСɽǰ棬ԭͣ½Ųɽ˼¡
¡¡
һյĴųɽϣԭϻһֵͼΣŲŴ򿪡
ɣ
ϽŽȥһͨɽμ򵥵زһ£ûиװΣûеĸûʡ
㣬סѽ
ȻƺڷֱǸСԺ磬ﻹЩݲݣ鷿ﻹ˼ֻ档
Ƚϼªסʱ䲻ͼɡ
￪ٳһһңһһסʱ򲻾ãһ˾Եӵˡ
סѽ
۾ڶڴתķ䶼ûдסŻ治ϰߡɵ˶סĵط
ʱסɡ
ԭָ˵λãûĴ㣬ÿճס
Ϳ߶ǼϰõģûҵԲܽȥס𣿡
ԭֽҵλָ֣µ
֪ˣģһ鷳ġ
ɵصͷתתȥȻһ죬ɬСʣ﷽㰡
ԭһ£ٹȶͲÿǷ⣬סˡ
ѣԭ˳شŵľϣָïɽ֣Լҵطɣ֮Զ㣬Ҳ𱻱˷֡
ֱ飬ðɣҲǷ豹ɣ
ôһᣬԭֻһ鷲ˣԺȻⲻˣȥЩʳ˴Ѷš
ʦ㣬񣬿ɷһ𣿡
ԭʱЩͷ
Դǰܳ轣ŵӱһֱתƣҪôϵ⣬Ҫô㱨ڵĶ̬ҪôǸһЩմ첻ŵص¡
ʾʾܶææȻʱһʱ䣬˶Ȼʡ
ԭڶҲţͻһ棬˵ָָ㡣
ԭ̸һλҪҪɧ֮һ˵ıʾֻĽѧϰȴ벻ţϴԺ󲻻ˡ
˵㻰Ӵ˲תƣÿʱԹ񣬶ԭԼĸоԣԭܲͲıܿ
˭֪Żصˣǲʤ䷳
ţвĲݵļơ
㣬˭ѽóԭɫСʡ
һͬţر࣬һǧȻܽһ졣
ԭһ»Ǿſôȷʵͦ˵ģ羡ߡ
Ŵ򿪣·߽ߴôһվԵöխˡ
ʦ㣬þòˣ˵ɽʲôʵ˵
غԭкȻһתŷֳһףﻹһ˰ʦ㣬пҲܽܣеԾӵζ
㣬˭ѽһǻͲҲ˼ޣҽҪţʲôϽ˵
ӴСӣģˣʦܻܵȤͨķ˵Ӵˡ
ֳȥͷ˳ʾãȴһ¶ˡ
ôûأ˭㶯ֶŵģתͷԭ״㣬۸ҡ
ԭݺݵصһۣŸ˵˲Ҫһת۹ȥˣ˴յһӻз
ʦܣʲôҪûеĻذɣСܲһһѵҪ
εĽԭҲĥˣˣ˵Ҫֱ˵ȻĻֻԼԼ
⻰ǧ֮˼Ѿˣ˭֪ȴ۾һʦ㣬Ҿ˵ɽרںæҪŵùҵĻԽЩңһ׵ġ
ôɣԭϽ־ܾҪˣҶڻսôΪЩС鷳㣿
һֱ֣ÿ쿴ȥ£ٶȴһ㶼ǰڣȴѾˡٶȣǷŵ½ĴҲˡ
鷳鷳ƻ𣬼Ҫԭ£ˮƽҲǵ׵ķݶò׼ʦҪú׼һ£һ뿴һٶأԣʲôʦ㾡ܷԸңһľ
һرģ˵ζ
߸ʿȥ֣һŵˣ˭֪ȴţƤƵճˣɵ˹Ȼڲͬ


7

˳ԭ½ǣչȥС˵㣬ȻӲҪæʹӦӣҪǲӦĻǾûи徻ʱˡȻʹðײá
ȻСʿǱѰվԱûͣصͷȻʮͬ
ȻԭҲͲˡ
ǾʦˡСҪڹסϼգĳסҶû׼ʦܰһ¡
û⣬С°ϣţһңʵʦ㣬һɸҪҪ
ԭ֣ұٹȶ꣬ڳʳûʲôҪСҪԣŪͨʳͺã̫õܲˡ
зãûбٹȵĵǴòͣЩ˹ȵĵҲˣΪڸ֮
ڵĳʳֲ޵ɣ˿ζ֮⣬Ϊṩһ˿ʿ˵Ȼú΢Է˵ȴ޷ܵġ
ˡԳƵص˵ͷת˶
ûãض飬ӴóһѳʳġġġӦоУڵӶŲˡ
ô࣬һôԵꣿԭеɵۡ
಻࣬Сǳʱ򣬶Եųøߡ˵ţͦأʾԼǳԵöųôߴ
˳ʳ죬ӣӵҲһӦȫΪôʱðôȫ
Ҫжˣ³ɼúø򽻵
磬̫лˣһԣ㣬Ҳһ
ڳ£˳ˮ۵ˣ̵ģСֵѽǰɴûʦõĴ
˼ҰôæԭҲ˾͸ߣֻǿһ˿Цݣֵܣ̸֮⡣
׵˳Է㣬ȥɢʳ˳ιһɽľɫԭؾܾˡ
ûѾ𣿺ڵϹʲôɫټɽأϻǾʹáʦܣҲҪץʱˣͲˣذɡ
һɫȷʵѾˣټԭɫѾԽԽˣ֪Ѿܣǡ
Ǿףʦȵʱ쿪ʤһΪʦҡź
ֶԳСֵܣǸپۡ
񣬡磬롣
ߺԭһǽ壬ԳԼʰһ˦֣ң½ƣİ
ܿ͹ȥˣ˴ȵӡ
ľţԼԭһǰ
Ҳǰȥսʿܸʲôͬȴ֪ǰʱС޵ӡ
㣬ҾԶԶؿһۣһۣ
һҲУ͹ԹԵشڶҲȥ
ԭĻʧֿȥ񣬡磬ȥɣҾ͸棬ֻ֤˵Բ鷳
񿴿ֿԭףΪѵҵȥĲа˹Ҳܷġ
ڵıԣ涨ǲܹۿģԣܳధҲͨڡ
Ϊ˷ֹ͵͵ȥԭ˳붴ķźһǰԵĳء
һεŴ۵һ£ǰĹ㳡ϾУŵӣŵҲǰۿϣڹսܵõΪ
㳡ϴʮ̨ȫ󷨼ӳ֣ȷ̨ϵıԲᲨ̨£ڵĽ
۵ĹģֻеȣŵˣڵĲʮˡʮ̨ͬʱбԣӮ߽̭һײͷֱǰʮǿʮǿλǾҪȵڶͨԾ
ԭؽ뵽ʮǿ֮Уȴֹǰһ֣ҲɥŽڲãûָڱõΡ
ڴȵǰһųأıչΪεվڵھŲ㣬кڵǳ͡ϢӳȣָÿԶӮøɾ䣬Ӯùսֳкϡ
˶óθ˶Ŀһµĸоԭսʤƺټԭ۵ʱ䲻ֻ꣬ȴʮ꣬ӵһʱ󳬹ԭ
ֻǼᶨƳԭǰγʦ¸ûл֮֮жĸı䡣궼ڱչؿޣʦҲûȣΪ߲˵ʲôʦܳʱΪҲһ㣬Ҳʤ
ʦ㣬һӮģһĪ
սȭͷԭľԭЦף
ǵȻģѹûҪ䣡
ۡ
ԭĻ̲סЦǴԲѣ
ԭתͷȥЦû֦չõס죬վޱ顣
ʦ֡ԭЦصֵòٽϣľܺͳʦ̨ͬ
˵ףصĻоôǰԺ󱲵轻ûʲôӦȾ̲סˡ
ֳȻûģЩͲһˡ
Լڵıоյؽʮǿֳһ㴳ڵʮǿν˫ϲţЩԵáңֳ˴γظĸоĺʹǰһˣΪֻһС磬ǰȴһɽѹָСֳ֪αڱصãҲԴ˳ġ
ʦ֣ټˡ
ԭֻų轵ͷתߡ
㡪
ֱҧ˵Щʲôȴ轺סˡ
˵ϻʲô壬̨ϼ²
磬һҪݺݽѵһĿ˵ҾͶģ
轲ûнӻ
Ŀʲôأɽ籾ǿΪֻбӵķݶǰҲˡ
ʦ㣬ǾǼ㣬ǧҪӰ죬ȥúϢһٰǴ仨ˮ
Ħȭƣ·ԼҪμս˷֮Ա
ã㼪ԣԭˬʵشЦ
ڶһˡ
ǰԭɽȵСҲãȴܲӦغòŻɽˣɴʢ£˷ܵһ϶û˯ã˭֪һͱ֪ܹۿһ˹رﶼȥ
Ҫպ֪Ϲɽɽ뷲׵ɽʲôͬԼûúÿô˵
ԭصͿسһȻͷŤһߣŻСģ˾Ҫȥ塣
ˣˣԹˣҾʹ㵽ȥ䡣
ʲôҪԹˣ˼컹Ҫһ죿һһֻըëèУҲӦ
ǱԵĹؼʱ̣һҪӮñԣðûԱҪ£Ӱ쵽ô죿
һûԱشʹ˳ģȦ죬ۿ֣ǲ׸ˣǵĻ˵һԼߡ


8

һкӣ˵޾ͿޣԭûҪ䲻ģкҧ촽ǿװǿӣԭһܵĸо
û˵ɶɣкӿ޿ʲôӣ
˵ãһ˵Ƕߵӣ䣬ίԸӡ
Ӧ游ҪչҵģŶðͿʼˡˣǸ߸ϵʿֻͨķˣʵڸʲ𣬻һˡ
ԭԼûпΪչڷֱרŸ˸͸ÿȥʱ͸ܻ״Ǹ˳죬Ǹ˴ܣÿ¶ðΪǸ˵֣Ӳӣ˭ֽ֪ʶԹ԰С۵һ档
һĿԭԻˡ
ľǣҼȻӦ游ҪˣͲᶪ㲻ܡԭ֪ô庢ӣ뵽ʲô˵ʲôҪ֣ҲҪȢӣǳ̼ҿ֦ɢҶ֮󡣸ϽİˣȻԺ󽲸ϱöˡ
죬Ȼֹס˿̫ˣϱ̧ˣҪҪ˻ˡ
˭ҪȢϱˣ㣬㣬㣬Ҫ
ųСǵͨ죬ԭЦҪǶµҾ͸ƯͻݵģҪǲҾ͸ҸĸϻЮ㡣
һ֣˫ֲĸڳԺУŵõһ
ûꣿ˵ˣ˵صعϡ
̫£ȫûٽ̸ȥˡ
ͶԺӲϲԭصͷҡ
ڶգš
ôСܣڿӰ
С˯࣬˯ءԭָָ
ʵѴϢзֱѾȻڼҲȥȱ˵
һʮ࣬ҪȲźóԣڸô죿
ƾ˵Գ治ԭϸĶˡ
ϣȻԡǿ߰ɣʱ
ԭ֮󣬳̵شӵдʮ࣬ٸн
һʶİ˶ôģ游йµǸȴ֦Ҷÿడ
ȵĵڶգѾ뵽׶Σȫóѹ׵Ĺ򣬸Դ
֪ˣΪţԭͳڿʼļֱвδϣ˳̭˸ԵĶ֣ľ
һ£̨µĵ˷ܲѣڿ̨ϹսĽǣʮ־
ʦָ̡֣
ʦ롣
ԵĺѹԭͳѸٽս״̬˸Եķ
ԭǰѴ󽣣磬˲ߪâҲʹȴһխˮƥ
ԭһֱ󿪴ϵĴ򷨣ǰѴ󽣱һĽһֹԦҲһĽӺķ
ǰսʱѹȡĴ򷨣ΪƾԼ߳һΪȫѹƶԷ˭֪ԭ֮ۺȫȱϿľȻԼ
һΣȡǰεĽѵԭ潻棬ǲȡߵķʽȷԼȫԭĽˣ׼ʱһԭĵ񣬾ս֮Ҳ̷Ǹʱʱˡ
轼ƻ÷ǳãʵսʱȴ˲С鷳Ҫԭ಻ϵ±ԼˣⱾͲò״ӽˣԼȫңȲֻиԭĽߣȡķ̬ʮغȫ·
Уȥֻ·һˣҧҧעһ
ҧ⣬һѪϵϢͻȻǣΪطǿİ벽𵤡
ν벽𵤣۷ʱʧܣΪû½һ۷ߵ׶Σֽмٽ𵤡
ԭ۽΢һ˲Щӣ벻ΪӮȻһ벽𵤣Ȼн֣пһͻƵˡ
һ̾ȴǺ飬ԭеĽӭ˳轵ȫһ

Ƭ̨ҡҡ׹̻󷨱
ڵأʺĴ԰׵γĶԱȡ
ңˡ
򵥵֣ѵش³·þһ
̨£ֳ֪ˣʹطȻ֮󣬳׵ˡ
ԭȴֺ̨ϣģġ
ʦ֣ˡ
ԭ򳡱ߵĲУֱõȷӮñ󣬲ʩ̨
һΣȻȡʤ
ǰ޹˵ɽŵӴȣڡ
ʦ㣬̫ˣϣһһһҲá˸߲ҵӭ·Լʤˡ
֮ǰԭͬţҲ׷ǰʾףءûע⵽ڳĲ£Ϣ˳
ҫԶֻʤߣʧûаϵ
վصȺ֮⣬ĬĬעţĽʡӡ
Ŀ̨ϣһų¶ͣӮøɾ䣬
һȴԭƲϣһѣΪ֮ˡ
Ҳ֪Щ˳۾ʲôõģ׼ĶĿ׶ζ˵һϹȳ
˵˭
˵˭Լû𣿡
˵һԣ
˵˵˭˭
ۿ˾Ҫ֣һλ˼æȰע滹ôڿأ
ߣ
ߣ
ΪڵǰάߴԵλǿס֣һɢ
ȵĽƷܿͷʮǿѡֶнȻһĽƷʢʯҩ֮⣬ѡһطٶ
ԭǰһζڣѡĶӴûٸı䡣
ʦ㣬׼ѡط𣿡
𷢷ŽƷĵʦҪѡ֮ǰһͻᱻջأһ취Ū֡Ƕ˵ʦĶǸأ°빦
˵ֻ˽ûеõӡ֤͵͵˲ķȥԭΧĵطûв
鷳ˣ˵Ҳסˣͻԭĵطɡ
ôԭ֪ͷÿαԶΪռסñ˲㣬۵ڴˣôܻȥ
ʦ㣬ǸҲסмˣ绻һµģ˺úøʰʰޣ׼⡣ǵӲģ粻֮Ķԭ
ȥȥȥʦ㶼˵ˣ㻹¸ʲô
ʱþͷӳˣһԭǰ¾ͽ˵򷢸ɾ


9

ԭȻ˵㻰ڶųɽ
ɽңʱɽŨΧƣӰӰ´¿Уֻ˸оߴΡ룬Ī⡣
ɽУȴһľб̶ٵ׺УټϿ£ŨУ
ԭ˼õľ£һһȻȴֻһ۵գ޾᲻
㲻ҳôһĲˡ
ԭԼ˵Իȫǳֺá
Ҳûв˰ֻûر˶ѡ
ۻƵĿۣȻҪعǰӣ뱦ɽȴֶأʲôֵø˵أ
ѽ
ԭ֪˵ʲôˣһӣƫҪܡ
˶û£ɽһβݲݽ
صԭԳ׼һ£Ҿطֱ
ŶáӦһûжķӦ
Ҳֵģԭϰˡ
㵽ô£һ춼ģ
ûʲôֻͨһЩ¶ѡشɷб𣬼Ȼ޷̤·ǻǰֵַصˡһЩű߼ʵ£Ҳա
˼ˣǰһ뷽跨شɵķţһҪ·Ͽ
Ҫ룬ǵҲĸ
˵ЩĻǼ⣬˵һ˲;
ڶϣԭҪųŵʱá֪Ҫɽطֱա
лˡ
磬Ѿ̫鷳ˣ֮ǵһҪҲٴˡ
ͻȻô˸ƵģоǳĲϰߡ
ʦǲǳˣûϵģʦǵ춹ģ˵Ǿ͹ȥˣþò˼ŮӶҪġ񽫳һҧ䡣
Уûܣֻס⼸죬ÿҲˣʱҪˡЦã˵ԭ֮䲢ûзʲô졣
ͳʶ̶̼գȴóܺƢЩ᲻ãǱʾҪһ̡
һͣ͵ɽŴ
磬͵ɣǺڡ
ŹӴɽţǰ˳ߣвٸн
ɽ˰ͷܾδɴôԶˣҺʦһؼˡҲЩûɽˣȥ䣬ɽϣˡˣҵ
˳ǣ˻ؼȴ֪סֻŸɵó
סڷֱ磬ҪȥҼ𣿡
ȥôȥֱֲ֪Զת۵Ĺ͵ˡ
˰ľ룬˾ҲҪ죬ʿ˵ǲԶ̤Ϸɽʱ˾͵˷ֱ
סڳϣһĶСԺԭר˸͸չӡ
ţһˡ
뿪֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ᷢô£Ҳûиһ֪ﺦ£ûеȥ
Ժš֨ѽһһ죬͸ŷǳԭŷĵš
үˣһ˵ԭűߣɹðˣҵүüˣһ׵úܣӶ˴򡣡˵ţ¶ֱϵˡ
ֱʵֻеɫ״ץۣأô£޷޶˱˴
ԭüͷûüڣȾ˽š
ʲô˸ʦ£û۾𣿡˵˭ʲôȥ
ֱ۵ģίɣȻ˸ʦﶯ֣ڻ룬죡
ȻǸʶģǸүɹһ϶ǵѣôĵذͷжӯ
ʦһʦɣһҪ
һĨʼô۸ġ
˵֪꣬ˣµľߡ
Сӣѵǻ밤ᣬҶûȥˣˣ
ӾҪȥߣҪҵطйй
СܣҸһȥ
ټһΨ²ҵⳡ͸ˡ
վסԭ˺סҾֲܣʲôȽȥϢϢ˵
˵ţȽԺţų£˲
ӡ󣬲Ǹеˣʱһžȫôָˣ˭ĵӣ
̶̵ļڣֱһʲô֪££̣Ÿ¡
ʲôأ


10

Ҫµʱԭס
⼸ճпʲô£˵
Ƿֱˣɷ򼰺ӵñˣһ޿ŵ͸
ֻһӣҪɵĻ࣬㹻ʱַھҳԣ£Ҷˡ
˵һҵĸ˫ƵļҵСӱ֮ºԭ̲סˡ
أ⼸ûʲôͬѰĵط
УУɹãż
ԵľͲ˵ˣ˵˵ҵ¡
ֻĵ˲ϲһѼëƤ£˶ûְá
ãҾ˵˵ҵ¡
Ҫ˵ʵǳ򵥣ǰҴϯͷɼ˸飬Ϊү˳ͻƵڶף˵Ҳűʾףء
ɹãʲô˼ǲǺ˵ԭ̡
ǺԺǧЩʿǲġ
ԭڷ˼䣬¡ʧɹö˵ǲǶٴ򲻾Ͱװ
ߵĿɽˡ
ԭеЦһողͻʿͱ˴ŻҡУҲ֪֪֪
һû˾͸ôţȭͷ˻ΣЩȥʶʶλֱ½ʲôС
һĦȭƣ磬֪ôߣҸ·
˵žҪȫûԼ۸ˡ
վססˡ
ѾˣӮһողͻƵʿѴ֮ڣӮ֮ô
Ҫ۵ģ˺󣬳ôЩȭŹ򣬵ܴùڵʿǰ˾ϣһСָͿ顣
㣬ѵҪ˼ؿҶ˸ʿѵǾãΪҵһʿֵá
̲ס룬Լȷʵֵñ˷ķȥά˵ףԭѾΪô£Ӧ¶ȥ鷳
Сܣô뷨أ̫Ӧˣҡͷһ˿ʧ֮Ŀ͸¶
ԭûش³Դϣ򿪿涼װЩʲôͲɵġ
˭Ƿ˴ڵأڱӦˡ
ԭ˵ԴЩۣȴĪã̫ˣ㲢ûвٹ˼
ʵҲȫ룬ɽһһЩ£ԭվǲͬˣһǻᱳۣԽԽԶ
ֻϣһòҪ̫죬Ҫ׼С
ԭּô˳²СӲԾмˣҪԼתҲöˡóԺúȵʮ꣬ٸȢһϱǶԵǳ̼ˣͲˡ
֪ԼһֱŤ׵ıǰ꣬ԭǴʮ꣬Լ֧ӦŻʱٸ˵׵ġ
ԭòˣſʼԲСͻС£ʦ˲С˹һʶųԭǰǸΪ룬ȴĺ⣬ǴĲá
㣬ԲҲҽԹԵ˴һϴϷӣԵмֿ
ˣҪƽϵĻҲͱˡԭ̾һ½ҹᡣ
߸ողŷƽ˾ͻȻ
Żŵعصɹãǣˡ
Ժűĵ죬ڵ˲ףָľҵˡ
ԭЦôȲˣҲãʡһˡõº͵ֶν£ڿ˸Ͳϡ
ȥŴ򿪣ҿЩʲôˡ
ƽʱպһﲻʹˡ
Ÿһ򿪣һȺ˳˽ó׼һߣûбȺˤ
ǰ̵ʮ㣬ָųݺݵغСһ͵ĶȻүҴȣ
ؿһָۣߣǰôˣСүҰ䡣˵ţǰһ
ʶһ㵽Ĵֺ棬ͻȻбٿ׳˳
СӣҪΪа־޷죬ѶȻҾͲˡ
ֺЦʲôʱҿ˲˵˴ľ͵·ϱƣ㲻ҲҪ˵ġ
˵ӣȫСүȭͷζ
ϣ
һ֣һӵϣŰΧ


11

һɣСӰ˶࣬磬˿·硣
֣ޣʮͣ˵ǰ·ңȭŹûж೤ʱ䣬ˮƽѾ൱ˡ
ϧ⺢ûȻԣӦٶȺܿ졣
ʦ㣬ûʲôԿٷϵأܾóСܲɰװ˷ݡ֪Բ󣬵ȴķҪһʡ
ԭһۣΪô׵£Ѿˣ⣡
ʵİ취ûУĴ̫󣬶Ҳ֤һɹȷе˵ǳɹʼͣνǰһǧδ˵˸ĹҲû˳ԣֻǶʧˣңʧܵĴۣһ֡
ԣ˸ȥ
ðɣҾǰһ䡣һ˴СһӣֽעתƵȺϡ
һĹ򣬳Ѿ̷ĸ֣վŵѾʿһ㣬һ㡣
ڣ˵󶼲̫ãײ˵·Ҳ˺ãֻж˺߿Ż΢㡣
ϣϣ
ߴߴŻվŵ֣ԼȴԽԽ
һķ˱ƵزҲ޹⣬һ߶ȫȥ
ǻûϰ壬һȭһŶͨ˸Ҳýݡ
˵ȫ£ЩҲһע⣬İһţŲһ򣬲ˤڵϡ
ԭŵֽ˽ȴɫۿȥ̼㣬ҽҩңһһ࣬ѧҽͨͨУǶǹŪѰʵȤ
ų֧ҵƣӦʱﵽһ͵߳ȥ
⧲ڱ߸ţǰ˳ȥֱһȭϡѪҲֲǱӻˡ
Ҳ̫޳˰ɣ񿴵ĿɿڴԶپˣʿ۸Ҳ˵ˣȻҪڱȭ
ʵڿȥˣһǰ̵󣬿ˣ߲ѡ
ҪҪˣô˴һҪʹֶΣҶǺ
һ׳ͻȻǰ˵״һŵŲ˲
Ұ׵һ˿棬СӵİֲһŮôֻˣ
㡭Ҫʲô׽͵Եˣ޹صߴŵӰѻ˵꣬Ȳͣ⿴
ץֺڵüëšһɻصץǳʲôʸ˵ˣ˵ʲô֤ݣ
ץ֧֧˰亹ɴĵص䣬ﲻɱԹҵĸѽô֣Ǹ󺺿źҪסѽ
˵һ\Żһ˽Ϊֱ壬ȻҪΪάеץסСһԽȥʲô𣿡
ѽˣ񿴵һ˹ȥ㵽ָֺֻѽʲôάһѵҲģ
ϸֵüƣȻֳȥȴҪ᲻٣ҲͶʮӣȾ͸֮
񿴿ߣֿҡҡͷֵܣѹ֣һˣһţ¸ɵ˳һˡСû˳˵ʲôʲôû˵ĵط
ֵָУ·ûһǸ˹ˣ˵ĻȴֱӼӴֱ
ϻ˵̫ʲôãʿһʵ˵𣿴Ӯ㣬Ȼ˵
ЦмĿ´ΪͿڷֱаԵˣ֪η
˵ҪӮˣӲҪ˵Ҳϣ
˵Щǳģ˭֪ͷһص˵ûô¡
δ䣬Ѿһһ嵽ǰطϻˣֵ¼°ɣһһöźذ׶ȻС
ذ׵ĳ֣Χ¶ȶ½ԼĹؽƺЩӲٻ׾
ذףƷˣһոڵʿóҲǴˡ
񲢲֪һеٮٮ߲ʮͻǰ;һƬáҵ峤Ҳ游ϲ֮£ΪļƷóѡѡذΪ׵ĽƷ
һʹذսȻ̫ķӦѾЧˡдϲ͵ʱһΣתıλεĵݺݵسȥ
Ȼһ˰ܸܵողһУڵһУֵѽ
㣬ȥ磡ƲüͷҴҵԭæ
ԭȴƽڿһϷģɲô׾ܴܵġ
ֻһһذϣȴͭǽ֮ϣ֮¶پҪƶʱذȴεرסôҲβ
ŵذ׼죬ֱǰ֣᲻ԥ֮ʱѾķһĹӷɨ򱳺
ƺзӿо˾޴ѹҧҧεɿ֣弫ٵغˡ
Ȼ˰벽ӴСϣ·ͷѵһʧȥƽ⣬ŵأˤ˸ʵʵ
۾죬֪۵Ļģذ״ӱϰûһѪ£Ȼ̵ת潫ذս˴
ţԺˡЦصȻսƷǳ⡣
ŵŷ˻ȥһСܵԣ磬õԺˣھͿ͸ҡ۰Ͱ͵ؿβ͵ĻһѾҡ
ȴҡͷУУ
Ϊʲôаĵ׷ʣһذװˣѵ᲻ã
óᣬæͣ᲻ãذײʺá
ذ׶ѣʲôʺϲʺϵģֵ˲Ƕ𣿡Ҳ̫ǣǿԽͣԽˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣذĬĬشӴóϣԼһ°ɡ
ֻһ׹ء
ʹţ֮ոס岻ٶ֮ʱһɺһֱӵգգۣԼͻȻ˪ݲش˶¡
Ŭ죬ȴ˵һֱ֣ҲҲܶ
֪˰ɣذջشҶӰùؽڽӲˣ˵ˡɲСΪá
ذ׸˳ʹò˵˵죬ӶĻˡ
˺һŻµصͷ磬˵öԣذ׵ȷʺң㻹ȥ͸˰ɡ
һӣûõذˡ


12

ۡ
ǽذռΪУ޼ɵͷ㣬ȫһѪ˳
һаһˣͻʱжôĳ־жôʧɥ
żһҪˣ˵ˡ
ô죬ﲢûг㣬ֻԭʦ㣬ô죿
ԭո㲻˵ץǳ𣿾Ͱǽͺˡ
ֱȻȨ죬Ҳòɫ£Ϊָɵģ۵棬ֱеɼǿǰҲֻø׳Ƴ
ҵ˻֪Ǿͳ۰ɣҪ֪ˣܾͲˡ
ӸµؿҪԼȥҪҰ㡱
һȱһӴˣվŶѣﻹߣҲǾƢߵٺģԼߡ
֧õվվˣһ߶ܵѹʹͷֱð亹
ҵˣڣһɵƵվȫûзӦ
ǼҵүҲ̫˰ɣ˵үѾʿôڱһж߲ڵʿѵӦǼѵǼҳһ
ֳԭһۣɳ·ȥ
Ͳҵ˻͵ܣܵ˺߲ܲһ϶֪
Ҳǿ̯ôֵܣﲻæ˵ϺȣҲǵù
Ҳ̯˳Ҳһʡĵģʲôʸ˵ˡ
ֱγκˬȥʮ꣬ʵȴˣݺƣȴʧܸɡ
ΪΪͣͲǰԾ뵽ֱҲһʵۣӹңڡ
ĸץʱκˬΪذڰ֣ʦүȥС²Ҫҡ
ʦүκˬĵ֣ƽʱһӦ¶ڴκˬֻҪ¶ˡ
ȥû󹦷ʦүææ߹ˣ»ҪԳУ˵ۣǲͬ𣿡
ʦˣ
κˬһ۾ϸԼЩТТˣϹϹˣƺûʦŲĵطƵضʦүȻˣһȥ
Ĵԭ񡢳ϾźȲ裬߷վ£һͶᡣ
ҸҲɣˣֲ֧˶á߿ذ
۾ȥԭͷͿڵǾ°ɣȻˣǶˣ
һţЩЦ
ΨΨŵŵȴ˻ҪϾûжˡ
Ϊ̼СӵĿɽǸȻһɢޣ˭֪۵ĵӣߵˡ
κˬ˽ЦǺǵص˵ͬŵãλǡһ;ôЩ죬ֻô£
ԭվκˬ񣬡κʦ֣ԭ񣬡λʦܡͬʱó۵ĵӷ֤ݡ
κˬ˶ڵΪɸ̾˱ɫԽͰˡ
˼񣬷ֱ£κˬʣλʦǰʦʲôָʾ
ԭæκʦֲҪᣬǰΪ˽߶ʦֵġ
Ŷκˬǰ㣬ڳļƣƺܸȤڷֱ£ҵҶԵطˡ
ԭǰϸϸ˵һ飬ȻЩĲ²Ⲣû˵ΪԷҲܿ۵ˣ˵κˬΪѡ
κˬˣ۾΢΢𣬿ҲǷֱˣȻǷǲ֣ڷֱֻ𣿡ʿѹεͷų
ֻȫڿ죬صôǸ߽ʿԵͽʿѹƣǰƲκˬ˼ȫǵֱϵģ˰ʲô֪Լжôס
ҲǣȻȥûʲôΪڷֱʮ겢ûгʲôĳô֮
ӲͷƤҲԴӳҼҵĲ֮ľһؼˡ
Ϊǳ͵ߵģֵܣûҪƭ
ЦһջҼȥˣҼһǲǿ˵õġ
һ߽˰̣ҿԼ͵ģ˵ֻҪ˾ͳԼ
ֱҧȴп˵˭ԸԴ˵ǷĻأ
ˡκˬһ£ҿλСҲһֽŲɾģ»Ҫӳ顣
ЦǹһˣȻôô
κˬƺǿ뷨ڵΪ˹ƽҿ»֪ҵĵһ˵ƫ̻ʦŵˣͿͰѰˡûʲôɣ
ԭ̽ǣжκˬһ»ͷͬˡ
߲˵ǰͲˣ峤游ڳҲڱѹú޻֮
иЩɻѵСû͵ҵؼȻôһ̹̲顣
峤Ȼܿˣһȸκˬһ񣬺ܿĿ䵽ϣôˣΪ˵ءһԾģ
װװɣ
и̣Ͳţôֻȥʱûѵʱ˵
Ҳϵֹѵӣֻڵֻˣҵ档
˭˭㡱Ȼð׹⣬ԭѲʦ֮⡣
κˬõ۾ҵ̬̫֣һȫ⣿
վҴģʲô𣿡
ȻͷЦãããڷֱڻûܹˣº˵ã֪Ҳҵٱһ
κˬüͷȻΪ˽⣬µѽֻǣڵΪҲֻڣڶϺڣûбӮİգĵ
峤мҪЭ飬ɲȶġκˬŻա
Ȼȴһ㶼飬ˣ£ȱǲ
κˬò˲סӣǰȻǰǹģʵ̫ˡˣҲȰˣԼȥںˡ
ոѾˣͬţĸǼ򵥵ģԭΪ˵ʲô϶ȻӮ񣬻ܽӮԭ
ڷֱʮ꣬ͷͷĸȻûҪԸͷ
лú˵Ҫȥģ˺ѽ
κˬװģȰһ䣬˺ʾΪ


13

ȻζʮصôӦսҲУֻҪ㽻ʮ׽裬Ҽͷϴ¾ͽҹᡣ
׽ר˵鵤ҩ̶ֳȵһȻʨӴ󿪿ڣһҪʮܡ
ͱһӵ˿游ܣҲ̲ȥز廰ҵֻҪ¹ϸ㲹Ҿʹ»СС»ˣƵͶ·ġ
ⷬԾ˵ģһϳԡ
˸ЦͷЦָͣ컹أô˵ϴҶ֪ˣôϰ
ǾͲ˵ˣֵ¼°ɡȻԼһȡʤһ
λվͬҲʮ㣬Ⱦͱȣ˭㲻ɣֻǣԵĲͷҪ˵ãȻ˭ͷ״һ
ȻҲûбʲôҪֻϣӮ˺λ¹ϴʮ׽Ϊ񡣡˸ոһģһ
ҪأҪ˰ɣЦֻ˵Ӯ˵䣬Ҫô޿֣Ҫô˲ϡ
ȻҪӮˣҾһƷڵĵطӵԶ˱ᡣֻǣȰ㲻ҪдˣΪûһӮĿܡ˵꣬شЦȫ
סŭ𣬵ƷҲ˼ó֣ҪƷȻҲûȤ
Ʒ㹻ʿʹˣǱŭˣ¶Ҫһʰ
ƷҲûУҲֻһڼ˶꣬óͷȻ᲻ãӣóͲӦԡ
ΪѵʱͻȻһȻĶ䣬Ӧ
Ȼ۾һ˲˾ãǾôˣóһƷֻҪӮƷ͹㣬Ҫ˵Ļߵͷϴʮ׽һ١
⻹࣬ҪһڴӦȴԭͻȻֹ
ԭصʦ㣬ôˣ
ȻЦǺˣӦս˰ɣ
ԭȻ˭ҳսҪȷɣܲһ˵ҵˣʦӮס
ģ֮Ȼ֮ˡȻɫеѿıƱ˲𴩵ĸо
ʱҲعζˣȻҵˣھǿ
ڳ˴඼Ϊս֮˾Ȼôһ˵ŷӦȻһֱǿ˵ҵˣɴû˵Լ
Ϻ꣬ĵκˬȻ˸Ѫͷ
ǰȻҪԼսս˫ҪȷźκˬȻǰԼ˵
Ȼɫ˱䣬ˮΪԼҶıЩô˭֪ľͱʶˡضԭеɵ
ǺǺǣ˵úãʲô¶ҪĲźãǫҳսǻʲô壬һ˵
һЦһ߽ȥֻʮͷȻȴϹϾؾصشˡ
ǫ
κˬԺ̸ֳһ˵ϣǫ峤Ȼ֮游Ϊչضδ
Ȼڰ£游ôҲһʮҡչؼʮ꣬ݣ棬˿̬ᣬֻһܡͻˡ
ͻƵ˽ڣֱʷ𵤵һˡ
Ϊֱĳ¾ȻһΪߵˣκˬֿᣬ˵ʲôζ
Ϊң֪ΪǿĻھԵʵǰκμǿ¥мǣмǡǫҲܻ䣬˵ѵ˺ˡ
ǣ
ȻߣȫȻ̻塣
ǫ߽һ;Լˣ˵Ϊȫ͸˵ΪٱһΡʿ۶ǳϼˣոԼ׼Ҫֵ˾
ĳһ亹Ÿо£ʦһ䣬ȻɾͱȻϼһӲˣ
ֻǣǸôźãģʶԭǱ߿
ԭҲ㶣ܿͻָѹȻô޿֣ԭǼ˸ˡʿͽʿ֮Ĳǿɲһ㣬һ𵤣ǵȷǿ̵Ŀɽ
κˬǱһۣ֪κʦ֮ǰ֪֪кθ롣
ֻκˬЦԭǫǰ⼸ʮǰһݣҡȻǳڸ߽ʿǰ̬Ȼŵúܵ͡
κһᣬһᡣǫػһ񣬡⼸ʮɳգҴʾл
ҷְ֮ǰ̫ˡκˬЦźѵǰȥϹ֮ϲǰһͻƽ𵤣Ӧһǡ
ǫһЦЩº˵Ȱѽı˲
ýʿݣӲҪһʿȶⲻ۸
˭Ϊأ˵ʲôʲô˭ʸ񷴶ԣ
κˬΪѵصǰαطҪСһʶأ˴ˣ
ǫͷҲãҲǲ֮ͨˣֻҪͷ˴Ҿ͵³û׽ҿһҪܿ˰ɣ
˵ʵǫòκˬҲòˣ¿񣬡ʦΪΣ
Ƥ͵÷ϣҪ˿ͷϴȥ
ԸսҲ
һҲǰһصҶԸͬս
ȻǫΪǳ˵ķӦпƳ˵ΪӦǺģпԭǶ֡
ôأΪŽͽȥģôգиͬͬǺֵ
ηؿǫһͬսɸӦУ
Ȼһͨķˣǫ߿һۣɫصǼԣҿɲΪǷ˾飬˵
Сܣʿ֮սϹʲô֣վһȥ
ܸͬжԽˣԽܽǣΪԼһսעҪ䣬޻ʤĿܣӽҲֻǰװ
ǣһϹʲô֣κˬҲĲ̣ų콫
ҲſңֽҶȴôҲѲκˬĽ㣬㣬˵ѽ󺰵
Ҫ˵ʲôԭʵ˵ͬȥȻôرҵģȻôԼһ£ҪҾ㣬˲Ǹã
ԭͷһٳһ
ǫüõص˵ǵûУ


14

ԭͣ˶Գѵ⣬תͷǫǰֺαأԴСӮ˱ԣҲʤ֮䡣ο֮ԭûвݵޣĶʱǰɾ͵òʧˡô˵Ҳ۵ŵӣǰΪʦŻǲŲʣ
Ըķ䣬ôɣȲΪӻ˹ءǫΪ⣬仰ˣ̫ˡ
ͻƽ𵤺󣬷ֱĸ־ͳԵı仯ûнʿҷͥ񣬶Ҳڼ֮ϣһελáý̽һ۵ķӦûпֱܽС
˾һǰֻ벻£ԹôҲᰲġ
ǰҲ㻹Ϊ˼кǿԳͷɼԺȭȭ֮ġԭǫֿȻͬʲôˣʦųҲӲܣʱһŭ֮ǰȻ𵤣Ҳѳ֮ŭ
ԭ׷úȻЩҡҪִҪΪӳͷ֮֮⡣
棬Ҫ
ȻҪȰǫ룬ǫȴĻѾٶ˵
Ϊ˸Ӵ󶯸ɸ꣬˶Щʯ񣬷鶼ˣ˭ʯȥ
ûӦͻὫֱһһУһΪҵ֮۵Χô󣬶һһֱСǲӣȻ˵Ͳһˡ
ԣöһѻǺбҪġ
ǰһ㿴֮¾ͻı⡣ԭ˵ţƣǰȥһۡ
ɻգգۣʲôô棬ô֪
ǫҲɻ㲻عŪ飬ҶǶҲûȤ
ԭ̾һεصǰ㶼õĽʿˣѵݺ𣿾ݺ㣬Ҳ尡
˵ǫȥ˼
ǫ֪õļʱҲܲϹȻȥͳһڵĺ󱲣ûط顣
ȻˣҾһ⣬Ƕ㻹ʲôڡ
ԭչЦݣǰȥ˾֪㲻Сֶκˬκʦ֣Ƚˣʲôµǻ˵
ãͷȥɣҡκˬһӦֻҪǫڣʻǿȵס档
ʦ㣬һ£ҲһȥĶʲôһ֮»ɸΪ񲯡
ʵʵﶼȥԭؾܾҪŵʱתѳҿˣҪָʲô鷳
ͳһۣ֮ͬС
Ĵڣκˬϣˣұμȴشĳֹʶԭǫ֮ǰһԲֻͷȲ衣
ڲδǵȶãյźһʱ˻ˡ
Եظо֮ղһˡŵʱһǰһ󣬶ǫһޱ飬ʱ˼ͬʱţҶЦݣ൱ĺг
ѵһͻתıԵһ˶͡
һţǫˣ֮ǰֶᣬǼҳ˼ߵͷϵģҲǱɱΣҳҪ˵
֮һжС˴Ȼ˲ĹʧԭȴǺõģΪҳˣΣˡ
СӣλѣǶԲסίˡ
ǫ˵Ǹýʿһ˻˵Щʲôأ
ǣԭɫ£׷ױʾȻᣬ˵˾ͺãطϡ
һߵͷ˴һ߿ǰӣһʱڣ㿴֮ǰ˫й㡣
ͶԺΪԺΪ󡣡
κˬһȴԭӺ
ۿɫκˬڳͣǫлˡ
һղһѰҽдɨɾλһۣλһҪ١
һһ
õ˵Ļظǫ󱲴ظ
κˬʢ£ԭڳ
ϯ䣬κˬԭøǫʲôôı뷨
ԭЦʲôƭȥ˵ǰˡЩ󱲵עӣٽϵһһ˶֪ôѡϾҲֻһˣ۲λԪӤʦǽҲкüλܵеùġĿҫԼʦţдºóζ
κˬȴ˵ǣȻԭԸ˵ҲǿÿʿԼܣ˼ҲԸ˵Ҳ֮УֻҪûԼˡ
Ժôƽֱľ棬ɾ͵ԽκˬҡҡͷЩԺ󣬽Ҳݡ
ȴ˵ǫź󱲻صң˸ɢȥҴһԼҡ
ȻоܲԾߵſڣСĵѯʣ棬ʲôЧ͵ĵط𣿡
˰ΣŴǫ⼸ץʱ佫еҳҳ䡣
ﻹȻΪǫҵһɡ
Ȼ벻Ϊǰ̬ȱ仯֮󣬵ȻһжΪҺã˶ǫԸʮֵľľ
ģһҳ
ţȥɣԻỽ㡣
Ȼſһ񣬱ϹϾˡ
ȻԶǫҲѹƲסۡһһѪ
ʲô˾˸ııƭˣȫƭˣɱǣƭ˻޷˵Ҫƭӵ£
˭뵽ԭûʲôƭ֮󣬾һƧĵط
һߣʱݺݵҧһڣѪҺ¶أӴ벻ĽҩӶò¡
ǫΪ涯Լ䣬ûж֣Ѿʧȥ˶ֵĻᡣԭ͵Ϯ޴ӷֶޱȣţԼû˵ȥͻһ̲Ѫˮ
ʿϧģָողͻƵʿǰ;һƬΪһʱ֮ʵڲֵá
ԭһ˵ǶٸӣӦѽ֮͸¶ˣȻĻҲ
ĿǰҪһסԭһѰҽⶾ֮գԭ֮ʱ
ԭ˵ҵҲҪҳɾŴµľӵܲģȱ˴ݿ졣ӵܣҪҲգ
б̸һֱϧ
ڼĻŻˣ˻Ͻӭȥүɹãǿˣôô˵
Цصͷİɣҵ˲۸ˣ
ǾͺãǾͺãԣϲصȥˮźϴȥˡ


15

һվ̫䣬쳣˷ܣȥ˯ž
ɴ·ҲƣɫԺ
ԭﻹŵƣԾǱȥҪ̧ţȴָı⡣
Լʵ̫ˣеʲôнʵãҪǽ㲻ô죬Ҫǽᷳô˵ףҪӦԼˣղǳ֮ơ
վãϢػ˷
һԭеĵˣСԺһƬ֮С
ȻİЧʼ죬գҵļ㱻˳
ΪΪҪ˳֮¡
֤ȷ䣬ȻҲżȻԼĳ
ȻӣȫѾʣֻﱲǳҲֵͬн
ΪΡһ룬ķߺޣ游㲻ԼԴҸ׹֮ʹңĹкõԴȫܣҲԸҡǣȽ۷ģұܴʮ꣬ұܸҪƫƫҲ̫˰ɣٲΪԼ㣬Ļᶼûˣ
ԽСδĲŸзչǰ;ѾѮˣȴȫҪȷĳɹʣ
֪ϢʱĶ͸ˣףˣӴֻܵԵԺң¡
ġ
ʱֻҪ£ͿԵõ
ȻԲôͲΪԼȡ
Ϊ˽ԼժˣҲΪ˼ӱ֣һС
˹Ȼţڳ׹µĵͰ
󱾴Щ׼ͱչس˭֪ôͱȻ鵽ͷϡ
ЦǣﾹȻĽѸУ·ѹϵĴʯͷῪ¶
㡭㾹Ҫ𣿡
󲻵֪ڸģԼԹʮ㣬ȻûڷľǴӼû˽ƫ̻κˣ˭֪һ㶼ĿģԴ˳Թԡ
Ȼһ۷壬ܵʸãٶȸ졣ĿǰֻȻҪڸаյĵطܳɹҲ֤ǵѡûд
ҲһɹֻһҲûлᣬǸû뵽ңԵĻᶼң첱ӴֵشߣҲҲŪôԼĻᶼҪ𣿡
֪֪Ϊ鷳𣿡Ȼѵ
ô
ЦӼֻΪԼ
Ѿ޿ɾҩˡ
Ȼػӻ֣ԸȽѺȥʹǫ˼
棬ѾҳˡȻǫ㱨ʵô󣬻ʾ¡
ǫƬ̣ſڣȻ˵ΪűѼ壬Ǿ׼չسɹȻҵĺĵӣʧܵĻٶ˵˰ɡ
Ȼᣬǣ棬ȥš
֪ԼĴý󣬳سһǰľֻһ·ˣɹʡ
ǫ뾡˸ְ취޷סڵĶأиصİʹУĥȥòԭҪĽҩ
£øṩ˽ڣɲ̲סʹǼ˽Ҫԭһ
ǫңԭܿ˵
Ǽҵļ˵ɣ˭
ǧѷ˵ǲ
ǫ̾һ齲ԭ
ͨ˳ʲôԭȷǲ²Ǹˡ
ϸˣ˵˴żɫĶڵʵʵʵڿ峤ֻ࣬ƶ겻̫󡣡
Ӷû͸ŶԷĻǺҲĴ󣡡ԭЦЦŮܸóɣ
⡭ǫ£û˵ŮҪȥ
ԭ˰֣ˣҲˣܲǼ
Ǽļ
ǫ룬վûнʳڡ
ǫ뿪ԭվҪɽˣԼҪúõ֪𣿡
ôѽ㲻𣿡һȥ
֪ðôߣһ鷳ô족


16

ĹʵҲǳĹǣϲŸԼҪǿ̫ˣЩҪѧԼԡ
չһõЦݣصңҵȻѾǻɸΪ񲯣ȶʱ֮ڲ֮¡ԺСЩҲĽڣټϽÿ¶ңʱ鷳
ԭЩؿųһ϶ѣôСǳ
ųԵصͷ˵Ĳ뿪ˣҪУҿɳ֮ҲҪ̫ţոǫңҵҵˣ˵˷ˣֻҪԼв̤Ҳ㡣
㣬ҵ˭ѽΪʲôҪݺҡ
ν֪֪˰սԼбҪŪ
⣬ԭǫһͳһ˿ھش̫ƫԲŴ֣Щ鷳ȫǱ޹ģִǾ˳ˮ֡
˾ﲻԣһʱͷͷˡ˵ҲǱˣˣҴдͲһʶˡ
ԭﰵһǰԲȥˡ
ʵȻ˵ԽҩΪҪǫڱ֤ȫڼʱǫѹסءȻͻѽҩȫϣʲôôԶҲõҩ
ǫʿɽڷֱûܶһë󱳺ָʹߣͷ¶βĶͲ涯֣Ϊ塣
㣬Ҫǵҡԭ
һԴ£أûл˵𣿡
Ŷǲżһˣĵػ֣ߣ´ҵʱ򣬼ǵøҴóԵġ
Сӣ·Եı绹Ҫ
ȰĴ֣Ҫļƣȴֻͷһͨ
磬ϲʲô´θ
ԭԱ䲻زһ죬ϲ̶⡣
ԣۡһ³ͷ󺰣˭Ҫҳ̶⣬Ҿͺ˭
ͷȫ㲻״ֻܽĿͶԭϡ
ԭȴһ̤ϷɽһƵԶڰ֮⣬ֻԳܳԹ
СܣڣƲҲϽ֮󼪡
ԶԶʧߣµį֮ȻĬòųǣ¶һѿЦݡ
صɽԭֽԼڶÿɽ̽뿪벽
ڽҩв£ǫרڰпһз紵ݶ档
Դһÿճϰ䣬ϾҲȥ伯У˷ڽǣҲǿʤ˲١
ʱһζ֮ڽ
зֱνǷƽ˾Ψһһ㲨ģͻ¡
ʱ䣬λһλ𵤣УԽԽʵΣֻе˲
һ죬ԭһɽȥ̽עʱԭԳ˼䡣
꣬ɻ󲻽ؿԭԭ϶ص˵ͷ
˵ʲôôصġŶ˸ǰգ˵Ҳ
ЦſԭԼ
ո˵ʲôȻȥʣȻʲôܻţ㲻˵Ǽ°ɣ
ԭͷǼ¡˭͵ʦϴģСԶ㣬ñˡ
͵Ůϴ軹ô̼°
۾̾Ĵָ磬Уķˣ
һ죬æŽͣЧ̫ãûĻ
ίˣֻ֪ǵȥǸˮ̶ȥӾȻһʦҲϷˮһ͵ĴñӾεؿͷϣηֱ綼˦
ǱԩģôûŰ鱯ߣظ仰
ЦͣòײͣԭǺأŮѵôˡ
ôˣԭԵüɫ裬øɸɾʦÿֵȢأ
ɶɵۣŵʣĶ˿ϰ
ԸˣѵܲߴͣӢйźҪ޸ʵ̫ˣ۹ߣѰĿ۰ˡ
⻰ʲô˼ҽ໽СһӾܡ
ԭ׷Ӱ˼
ѾʮˣӰθ˲٣Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ŸѰһˡ
Ҳ̫żҪϸϸһʵĲС
磬ԭ񷵻ɽ;Уʵ¸µɴȣʦ׼ôˣ
ԭû׼εıҿܲμˡ
ΪΣ񲻽ʣȻ뵽ʲôһξ´ԭ澪ϲصѵǡҪչسˡ
ԭϢһǳɴȣпܵԭˡ
ԭÿɷ񣬵һЦЩҪչغúһʱϾͿгͻ
·Ȼأͷʦ㣬ͷıչذɣСһ㶢ţġ
չس𵤣ʱгж̣˸ͬһ˵һ굽ӶʦŲʮ꣬ȻҪˣ֪Ứ೤ʱ䣬᲻ִһ¼
ΪԭˣͻȻ뵽һ⣬Ҫԭ𵤳ɹؾͻΪɳϣǸʱͲٺʦˣҪƺΪʦ塣
֡ʦ塭
һ룬;ֲʣУҲҪܷͼǿˣܱµ̫ã
ʵٶѾˣʱΪһ㣬Ѿ˲ˡǰЩʦֵˣҪʦ֣оͦģԭϢؾҪˣǵԽжʱȻ޴档
в˵ԼĻãȻҲĽʺ޸ֻԼԭ򣬼ԼŬ뷽跨谭˳ɹΪһ㣬ԭԸͬá
صɽ˵Ի˶
ԭϸظýƣȷ˻߽ᷢҡ
ĵطһţǽһ̫ͼ֮
ԭ泯̫ͼ£ͬʱһһŷֱ̫ͼ
ʯͶ棬̫ͼϵһȦȦ̫ͼбģ̫ͼʧԭ̫ͼǽϣһյʯš
ʯиطݽȥԭǰȥַŽش߶
¡¡һ죬ʯԶֿ¶һһ˽ͨ


17

ͨߵʯϣ΢Ծսȥſ壬ԭЩһصķɡ
ԭͨǲڵģԭ˾ʱ䣬ɽпٳ
ͨĸ߶ʵҪһЩȥʱ΢΢Էײͷ
ֱͨɽԭᳵ·ǰУһֱͨľͷ
ͨľͷǺںɫʯԭóͷǥӣһ½һµʯϼ䡣
ʯɢѻԭűߣ۳ƯǰȴһȻظϵĶ
ȵʯҪ˿а˸ߵʱ֣ͣʯȫɨС
ѭͨǰ߳ԭ𴸺ǥټ䡣
ϯصϢһվ˫ֽӡָ趯仯ַơһĴָݳڰһС͵ķԭһӣſٳͨ࣬Ѹٵ뵽ɽУ֮ǰķΪһ壬ոջʯͣͨ̾ȶ
ԭվڵмһ£ȷȹ̣˳ͨ
ʯ֮ǽˮǷ̫ͼֳȫκε쳣
ӣԭظ˿Ҫ꣬װɰʯĴ֪˶١ӺܿҪˣҪһֱȥԭԼ᲻ᷢ衣
һ֮һεɴֿʼˡ
֮ǰԭڵıжڣ˶ΪԻ͡Ȼ̨ϲûӰֵʱǲź֪طӦԭѷ˱
Ҷ֪ԭΨһߵýһЩѣ׷ҵ̽Ϣ
ֻ͸¶ԭڱչأһŲ֪
⵱ʧӦþǳˣĿǰѾ۷壬֪һΪҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
УǴԭͷ֧ţĿһ겻񡣺ò尾˹ԭȴֲμӱԣյģ֪Լô־Ϊʲô
磬ȥ
轻Ƶ뿪䳡ĺš
Ҫȥ׷ȴֵϳˣֻжţȥ˵
Ūý⸱ģ˵ԭĴûҪ֪ԭĶֱ֣ǸСֱýҲֵĻᣬؿңꡣ
һҵᣬһǻڲ
轻ججɽ洦ߣһɽͣסŲ̧ͷһŷߵԭĶǰ
ԭԼִȻˣ˲ȥӰ쵽ԼԳҡҡͷ
վſڣҪԼԭһսֺ±ܾھ岻ʱ򣬺ȻµĴ𶯣ҵĻζУ汻ֻϸĵطſѪڡ
轺޷֮±Ʒڵأһ䵽طУϽһ㵽ȫĵط
ô£
ԭԭڶ᲻ᱻ棿
轲֪Լô£ԭĵˣ˭֪֮ʱһʱ뵽ľȻİΣ
ԭŴɽµʯ飬嵽ſڣһײš
ɽڻΣҡȴ˿Ϸ죬һֻӬɲ
轺޺޵һ䣬ϵĽôƲٶൢһ£˾пܱ˰
Ļ֮󣬳侲ײţɵУ㼯һ޴ƣصڶϡ
䡪䡪䡪
һһ£ڳ轺͵ض˫ع£ڳһ˿ѷ졣ĴȥҪ̫žͿԱ俪ˡ
ضķΧƺԽԽ󣬳轾ɽڻζȻζҵĵطԭĶ
˵ɽĶ츣أ˶ĽԭĺˣԤ֪һĻ֪᲻Ľ
˭Ҳռʮȫ뵽轾Լһֱľƺһ˿ɶж£жãһƬ
һ£źȻ̮
轲ɢһ˽ȥ
ԭԭţʯ׷ѰԭӰ
ûУûУûУʣµģֻʣ±ʯһˡ
轾һҪʯȥֻ䡱һʯͷ䣬һӰŴ˳
ԭ𣿡Ӳջ˺ü
ףô
ԭǰĻҳڶЩԾ
ߣҪˣͣǰץԭ֡
ԭܿе㸴ӣ˼Ϊ棬
⡭ܰɡ
㶣ƺӦԼľٶЩ֣ʱȻǼƽЩʱ
ߣغ˳ܡ
ͷϲʯͷ˻ͷͻҹգǳ˶
һ˾գڲ·ѹħҪͻƷ
䳡Ҳܵض̨ϱԵڵӶᣬҪıƽ⣬ҪӦԶֵĹҪһỹһǱ棬ƽͬ
ʱ䣬̨ϵĽ𵤳ҪֽкˣȻʱ˭û˼һݹضĵط
ֻɽϹʯ£ڳ̳ɽºĸӵĶѱݣѷвơ
ڰɵؿţŵòᡣ
ô£
һ𵤳Ϻɨӣӡǰɴڵĵһ
˵һĵԭ˴η˱ڴ˵ص˵ùȥôڶҲ
ôһʣԭǲŻعһָ̮ĶһĿڣƺ¡
ڱչأ֪ôĺȻ͵ضˣӸϽܣ˭֪žȻʯסˣ˳ʦְæӲŵѡ
ֿ轣ҼǵǱμ˴ȵģô䳡ȴܵ
ϵ۹ƺ򣬳轶ʱƤĬһ£ŵӵ֪ʦ÷˱ԣźȰط˭֪ͻȻ͵ضˡʦó£ͽȥոһǾˡ
ƺҲ˵ùȥϿһֿۣλϣʲôûУ
֣ⲻƽĵضΪĶһϿѿĵط죬˼
һߵɽĵص¶󷨱뻤ɽһ壬˵û˷֡
ѽҲ֣ӦѽλԪӤʦ̣֣ӦûᷢʾŶԡ
ٺúÿʵڲлʾλʦС
λʦںɽչˣλıӻ£۲ŵԷչ׳ܽһΪɵĺôȻԶԲرĴ£Ǻǰȥš
λ𵤳ϴһ۲طʱԭŲߣһ
ʲôҪʣȥٿǧҪ߱ˣȻͲˡߣԭȻ˴
ôأʲô
ѸٵؽǶյƾָжƺһö

18

ɿԭѯʲô˼
ƽ޹˷ѽ⡣
ꡪ
ԭָŵߣʾҪ˵ԼȴɽԶߡ
ϻڲ鿱ضûע⵽ߣֻгһ㵵ؿԭԶȥıӰ죬ȴʲôû˵
ԭԦŷɽѸٵɽ·ɳۣۿɽѾˣһĽ·Ҫضϡ
ԭ̾ϢڻǾ˰
ԪӤʿĹεȿֲһɿɽѵأԭҴ⣬һСĵضţһһ
ǻԵĹһ൱ڽʿȫһǺܶŵȻһԪӤʿɶ˺ܻ赲һǵĹơ
¾ǺˣǱкͼı
ʵ۵һλȴһԲһһնԭ
ԭŲŷɽǾκеһҶۣθ߸£ȴʼ
е˼
ﰵһϵĶԽĿˡ
ûһ֣ȻĻԭһᶼûˡ
͡һһԭϱųѪһ´һ˿ڣڲ·һ̾Ҫ֧ء
־ܻһ·ȻĻָԭȻص
ԭɫʮѿҧҪֲѣҪӦһ¡
нʸ𣿡ӡ
಻ƣԭȻֻһͳ֣
вˣŭ˵һѻʲôˡ
ѻˣһҲǷ˾ɵˣһʿ˵ǱϿĳͷ
ԭȻ˵ѻɫ䣬ջȻص㲻ԿܴܲѳҪĶ
ʱԲһһ
ʦ԰꣬ʲô˵
һȻȴҲûз飬нջأĬˡ
¹ϵشλǰһ
ߣͿʲô
ԭǰ벽վһ˶ԭγɺΧ֮ơ
Ϊ߳ô໹СĽǿѽԭﱧԹȴһȫ˵ı顣
ʲô㾡ᡣݺƵص𲻴ӦȴһӦжûС
ʵҲǱƲѵġ
ԭһˮļƣλ׼ȴԭһֱֶֻȻķͬʱ
ԭΧγһ𺣣ʱбըڻ
λһ˲ˣͬʱԲûܵٲ
ԶԶվ֮󣬶˻׿ȥֻһӰתȻʼٸ߲ûӳԼ˻С
ߣܣ๼һ䣬ԭһеڻ
嶯ˣʵ̫嶯ˣҲһҪôôѰ·أ
ԭʮֲ⣬ԶԶûƴĵز
ԭԭ
ĳ轿һĻĵѣɶ˻һ塣
죬סСҪˣ
ͬеĽ𵤳ۼֿ콫סȻܾܿͻ˷ɻҡ
Ϊʲô
轲ףһգ۵Ĺԭôأոջôʻ鶯һˣôͳ˻еһӰӣʱпܻҷ
ֹڳ˶ס
ڴ֮ǰԭڽ𵤳ֻһʲڵĵӣλԪӤͲ֪һ˴ڡ
ոλ𵤳ϲ鿱ضʱ˭ûôĶԭϹϵֱԭĶзΪͨǲɡ
ʱԭѾ֮ززˡ
λԪӤʦ淢ֵ磬ԭڣǶʣȴ˷ԼڻС
⾿ͼʲôѽ
ף
Ż𺣵ĿͻȻס
Ҳ˻еı仯עǱߡ
ֻתŵӰͻȻͣ£𺣺Ȼըһ±䣬һߣ׷˶
ǻߵ¶ȾȻȸղŸ࣬һֿɲĳ̶ȣ˼ˡи𵤳ϱ֮㼤ϵķҲճһ󶴣˵ӡ
˺ܵͬʱԭȻӻ˳ϲ֪ʲôʱһɫ硣𺣺ͷҲصʹɽɽ塣
˵Ǿϲոԭͷųһʿӵеģн𵤵ʵǲζţʵûаܸһͬ׵ʿΪȼ֮˰
뵽ζӳ£֪ĻαǿʩǸطأ߽ʿʲô˵£ΪֹĶ˰
׷
һ׷˹ȥŷӦ˺׷ȥ
ԭ۵ɽźͶ֣ããȺɽï֮УܿͲӰ
λ׷֮ȻӰӣֻ㬵ػɽ
ԭĶ鿴ͨԼǧɳ²ڳɣһһϦ֮
һǻرԭʮ꣬Ȼһʹõ⣬ʮ͵һ
ⱦ﾿ʲôЦڱɽ֮Уȴ֪Ǻˣڴ֮ǰ֪һ¡
飡Ͼ͸Ҳ飡
ԪӤһ£ɽľԱԭ˵һ仰ˣ뵽ɵ˸һɶ
бصյôˣȻ׵塣
ʲôʦ㾹ȻǼϸ˭˵֤óǿԩ˵ģ
֪ϢѾλʦ֤ʵһ𾪡
᲻Ū˰ʦұӵĿģôǼϸ
񷴷Ǽ仰ôԭǴŲɸ˵ĿǱ۵ġʵ˼ʲʲôмֵĶֻýʱƫԺ
Ҳϸ˰졣
˵ˣҵԭμӱԡΣȻһ֣սҾ޷ǰϴˢԼܵ裬Ҳʲô⡣
ΪʲôܵĶУʱѾضɽҡˣͬһҽȥܲܰæҲ֮飬ܼܲȰɣ
Ϊʲô͵͵ֳʱҲ֪ǼϸλҲû⣬ʱ˳ĵӣҪȥƾʲô
˵˺üˣҲ֪ɽȥ̨Ͻ֣Ҹһ㶼죡죡
ȥͬ⣬ڲͷˣغ˳
ʱ˳淴ӳ֪ԭ
Ѱȥ˵ó

19

Ŀ˸˷ܵطֿ˴ǰԭڷֱһСԺӣһСˣҪץ͸Ͽ죬˿ɾҲˣ
轶ֱ죬һһϣȴ˵ʲôЩֻһͷǾǴԭٹ⣬£ñȫİûз
Ŀ⸴ӵؿų٩٩̸ԾԾԣ˵ʲôζ
λֱʱԭѴų֪ȥֻһһҡͷ֪͸
ǶЩʲôôʹ˼
ԭͳ뿪ǰСԺķ͸˼ңر׳
λݣȻǲмһģ°һ̧˼
ԭͳȥʵʵش𣬲Ȼܵģ˵ţнγһ룬ܵϡ
㡭㡭Ҫʲô컯֮£㾹Ҫȥ㣡˵ˣǿװ򶨡
Ҫǲ˵ʵǳҲȲ㡣޿֣⣬λԪӤ٣κˬҲùԹ
ųľٶüһ֮ˣһֻ֪ţʵ̫ˡ
˵ĪҪŵû˵ˡõص
ǡ
λע£òջеĽһͰ׵ףϸظ˵
ԭȥʦãҪϢϿңȻҪˡ
ӣµؿųһҪҪɱģͲǸˣҲŲ˵Ļ
㡭
㱩ףǹ˼λ˦ơ
ƣû˵ɣӣһµӣתͷֺõҿʦǸˣҸ㲻
סЦ˵ͷã˵
ɹúү뿪ãǰլ͸ң˵ҲˡҪȥû˵ֻǽһ˵ǵ䣬ͰǶøǿ
أóȲص
һ̵ۣؽ鷿óһӽ
ַںӵĿش׼򿪣ͻȻһСթ
ζؿһۣһᣬӦƴ򿪡
ûʲôأҲûʲô壬ֻһͨĺӶѡ
ʱϻ̡
ﰲһֽչɷд˼֡
ߺڡ
ʦһֻ֣еһûн⿪λӱ˴˵пĴܡ
ɽϾʲôǿԶдˡ
ѵˡз߷߲ƽָеҲţһû˵ʵ
ˣ֪Ҷ˵ˣ㻹Ҫô
ˣɣҪٶˡʵڿȥˣԭҲ͸¶һ޹ؽҪķˣôʣҲʲ
һ޹أû߳Ժţȴǰ
һǷֱĳκˬոյϢʦеǰ٣Ҵææظ˹
һҵǫҲ˵и߽ʿæμ
λѣ̻ɽ
뿪ǫǰһڲ㵹أԭôˣڵĶػûɾõȥҽҩ
ǰ㻹ðɣ֪ɵԪӤƽѵһҲؼɣ
κˬǰһǫйػޣȴڵ⡣˭֪ԭ뿪ǰǫĽҩӴ֮ǫˡ԰ȵصһʱ䡣
ÿ춼µ鷢ⳡض粨ܿƽȥصǼ޷ǣ˾͵Ͼ֮һЩ̸ʡ
ĿԭöһŹ鵤
һ˵ʿǽ飬Ϊͻƾ磬޷
Ź֮ڣ޲Ľ𵤣ӶԼΪ
ûн𵤣һżٵżٵ޷һΪŻֹǰ
鵤Ľҿ޲Լٵ飬ӦҲ޲һĽ𵤡
Ȼзպܴ󣬵˻ᣬܱ֮ǰ޷Ҫá
ֻǣŹ֮ǰ轾ɽһϳһҲ˸أ˵ҲùͳҪⷽĥ
һųȥ˷ֱԭͳʹʧ٣Ҫȥʸס
ˣǵȷˡ
įв̣ȰҲ̫ģɹ֪Ҫ˶㣬˵ﻹġ
ԭһֻװһƷƷ
ָϣֱΪ
ʦ㡭СܡԶҲĳĳĳطһ̧ͷֻڶ΢Ц
ųɽȥˣҲ뿪ۣˣйص˶ˡ
ֽ߾յˤһأ
ʮǰԭոս۵һ꣬һ˭֪һ߽׵ޣҶǶ֣ȫˡԭ˱ȽᣬԭһϺڻͬų롣
ôѽ͵ֵ˼Уͷǰװˣװģض˼ֺ֮ززˡ
ԭȻҲˣȴ˺صˣĳȥͽ̽Ļȥ
ԭȻûǼ˵ȥȴǵС񶼼ǵ쿴ʱĵ񣬲м
˵ԣԼɲһСԹҵ淢ѡ͵͵ķʽǵСʲô
ˣû֪Ǽˣǲǿ԰أ
ſţֹЦû˿ȻһΪˡ
ɽϵһУԭ˵ѾǹȥˣųϣƬ½вǰ

20

뿪ֱ֮ԭ㲻ٿѹԼΪ𵤺۷Ϊһ¶˵ƶʱ䡣
ûķˣҲظоָı䣬Ϊɽٶȿһֹϴԭ׼Ļ巨£紵Ȼ񵶹һۡ
ǰԭܷ磬ŷԼѾԭһˣҲһЩǰխӡ
ĬĬվֱ壬ѾˣСʱڽˣֱʱˡ
һ·ҹ̣¶ޣһ֮ǰһưĳǳأԭڳ⽵·ɽ
ķǣλڲ½ĸλã½ɳǡ
ʱԭѻװ۵ĵӷһѻվ·;У볾һѷѽ⣬ʮǰѴ󽣣Ҳֶɽ¡
ķǺųɢ޵ãÿ˲һˮ쵽Ҫҳǲܵ¡
վڸߴΡĳ⣬׿·һ˿ᣬ㣬Ժ󶼲طֱ𣿡ס꣬ҲЩ飬Ųµˣ񣬱
ûҪĻǲٻǸطˣȻȥҲԣҲˡԭصɢ䳣̬˾ͻϰߡ
ﶼȥ͸Ž㣬ԶֿЩеص·һԭͻʧ
ɵӡ
ԭЦЦʣµĻû˵ڣ˻ģõԸˡ
߰ɣȽҸŵĵطһҲˣ㡣
ԭ֣һͬſȥ
ķǲǵһɴǣְصڵʿ߹һ죬ǷѣʿʮƷʯ˶ʮ顣
ЩƣΪʲô˱ʿһͨ˵ʯⲻǱذѷ˾֮
һĮؾҪӹԲȥ
ԭȴֹܹأķȻռؿ㣬Դḻ˵̫ӴƵĻһѷƵȫӿǣҪ˶ķǾͻᱻ
óʮƷʯǷѣոսǣͿһ첽߹
ӣǵһķǰɣҿԵ򵼣·ȡҶᣬʲôĶңһֻҪʮƷʯ
ԭ˳˹˹ģ˵Ҳϲʵʲô֣һжˡ
һ˵ʻŶһϲصҽųϣСķǳѾˡӣ׼סأǴСס߿вͬĽ
˵ųϹͣ۰Ͱ͵ؿԭ
ԭȻһЦץһʯӵųϻͺ˵˵
ųѸٵƲһۣеʯжʮ飬Ҫÿ춼õܴܿչҩǮˡ˿Ǹ󷽵ģҪǰźˣ˵д͡
뵽ųϵЦԽϿˣлӣ֪ЩʲôСһ֪޲޲
ԭ˵˵ⳤססʲôɡ
ųϵĽ⣬ԭķǵһЩء
ԭǷѲһν˾ЧģÿһζҪɡ
ڲ׼¶ޣοҪȵʱƣܵҿջסȻٶʯҲûطס
סķøסķСŨ̶ȡװκ̶ȵȸвͬ˵һҲҪٿǮƷʯ
סʱ̵Ҳˣסʱ䳤ס޾һʲСĿ֧Ͳķסլˡ
ңסլķǵþˣŲҪٻǮڵһЩҲοҪ˵öࡣȥ¥ԷοͻһٿƷʯܳԵĶصľֻҪʮ顣
˵һⲻſ𣿡
ųϿһۣЦصķÿַǷ
Ȼ۹˵㣬½õĶ㼯ûʿǰ
죬Խ֮治УԼ֮ǰǵʶ̫ǳЩ
ԭô˵ķǵþôôǳסլˣﻹֵõ򡣡
ųЦ֪סլҪнڵΪʸΪԽߣסլĹԽߡټסլļ۸ҲͣһЩԲһЩʣࡣ
ųеؿԭ֪ǺΪѾǽˣִҪסĻסլ㡣ȥӶҪǳɹĻһ١
ԭǽ𵤺۷Ϊסլʸˣֻ֪ϵʯ
ķǶͣһЩʱգųϣ֪ڳһסլҪʯ
ϷϷ
ųϰסĵļƽص֪˵סլҪʮƷʯ
˵꣬ŵؿԭһ۸Ͱˡ

21

Ҫʮ򰡡
ԭɫؼԼļҵﰵԵѪʮֻԭѾ˲ٵˮٻһʣǾе׽ˡ
ӣҪȴȥȿûкʵųСص
Ҳã·ɡԭͷȥ˵Ǯⶫȥˣһ
ڳڳϣҪ߹ȥҪٵʱ䣬ֲһصĽͨߡѩӥ
ѩӥһֵͽ׵ޣķеѩӥȴǴСԸѱڵĽͨǡô
һѩӥϰλãһλһƷʯ˾ͿԳȻһ˸ʯҲԲõ̾ͳ
ԭȥʱҲҪȥʯ̾ˡ
ѩӥϣֿƽȣԭķɽǿˡֻǣķдҪʯûʯǴ粽Уղ͵͵ԭƺϵʯҲˣȰóһˣܲýһӰɡ
ܿ͵˳ѩӥԼĿǰС
ڳڴûͿˡķæĵطÿµĹ̨ǰˣû˴ô˷˾öֱ졣
ԭ̲סüôˣŶҪŵʲôʱ
ӣסլڶ¥¥ûôųǿԭ뷨Ц϶¥
Ȼһ¥ʱ͸о࣬ҰҲſ
ųԭȥסլĹ̨һݵ棬ǰסլȲΪ
̨ϰڷһڰСİԭָʾַȥ߶âʢɫͣرãȶڻɫٸı䡣
ˣʸ񡣡
߳һָϵһͼɫĹʾǿģһ¾ͻϸϳ֣Լѡһɡ
ԭŵͼǺɫģɫĲ̫ࡣ
ɫĹѾ˵ģֻɫǿõġųһԽ͵
Щʲô˼ԭָļɫʵ
ЩɫĹ˵Ѿ˸˶𣬻һβûнġųĵؽ𣬽ͷ㣬ҲȽһֶβԼʱ仺ֻһסլļ۸ҪһԸɡ
ԭÿɷϸز鿴ͼԼסլ
ķǵǸߵþˣոų˵ʮƷʯסլʣôضƫ˵ҲǳϡģһСÿһ˶ӼỹҪһˡ
뵱ڷֱǸСԺӣܹŻһǧƷʯסſˡ
ԭѡһɫĹ㣬ɡ
ųϴչȥһ˷ܵÿҪȥҲ㶣ʮƷʯ㣬̫ˣǻѡһ˵ģҿͲָһʮʯĹ㡣
ѡռػôλʵƫ˵㣬һļ۸Ҳǲܽܡ
ԭҡͷȻҪ涼ʵģǮû˿αίԼء
ԣԣԣųͷ˵̫ˣôˣҲǮ
һۣ˵ôףһǮ
ų˺죬ǿʲôݣʲôݣôܺᲢۡ
ˣ˵ˣˣ
ӣ롣
ųϼֱĻŭţһǮ󳬳Ԥƣ޵øˡ
ʯԭ쵽ķþƣһ
ųϽܵϵһѪƲ㼤ˡ
˻ָһѪȥƷһӫ⣬ܿͽѪյһɶȻһݳƮͼѡסլλãһӴɫ˺ɫ
ˣǿԻȥˡ߻ӻ֣һСӣȥúÿֻҪΥ涨ķǻǺ׻ȥġ
ԭ˷ӣŽľһЩķǵĹƶȣջشУлѣȸˡ
ԭѡסլڳǱѩӥȥֻƷʯ
լӱȷֱǸСԺҪСЩ۸ȴٱһӾͰԭ˸ալһӦʩȫȻ⻨ǮãһʲСĻѡ
ӣе񷢲ԽгΪǮ£λСֵܣҪǮĻҲҵ·ųϺƽ⣬֪ȱʲô
ǰһסųϵļֱҡΣʲô·ң
ôİ׷ȲҪ֤Լˡ

22

ųϱҡ߻أײóż㽲
ķ˵ɳǣ˵ȴǴ󳬹ʿΪЩź˵ҵʿмȥ䵽˷ͷϡ
˵ЩʿҴҵ󣬱ٲҪӶЩ򵥵Ļ÷˾ͿʤΣʿҪ˺ܶࣻٱ¥һЩۻʿԸɵģȴ֮͡
ֻ֮ҪϳԼǲ⡣
ЩֺõĻѽЩʧ
ųȴ̫øԶˣЩʿĻƶøɣһ˻Ĳ˵һ߽ʿţøɻҲӾûԹˣȻЩʹƿˡ
һЩҪɾЩֻҪһļܣʱ䵤ҩͯȤȥԡǸѵõĻᣬȥ˼ͷͿ˼ҪҪˡ
ųϱó֪Ѷˣ˭֪ش
ʲôҩͯȥ
ųֻӽͣⵤǵķǿӣרҩΪƵĵҩЧãһֱǹӦ½мߵ
ڵţ½Ķ֮һӦòٽ˰ɡ
ԭȻŵĴȻûȴֵ̫ªţߺ߹ȥˡ
ųֽһЩ⣬ֱԭķǵ壬Ŵųϻȥ
ʱųֵһʯĴͣͬסլĽܷѣһһٶƷʯƽʱһµˣֱϲĻŭţҲϱ
ųϺԭͳſʼϸǵ¼ҡ
۸񲻷ƵլСƵլԺֲڽֵࡣÿլӶ˶ʮɵľ룬ֱ󷨸ַ죬Ҳһ֪
ķǣܸôԶľһլԺҲѵˡ
լڲԭʲõռϷѶ᷿ס
ȥгϿĥŻҪϴ
ԭԼǲҪЩģȴͬԺһٲˣܲԸЩɡ
ãá֣㣬ѾˣܹԼչԼˡ
ġԭȴǲţһ·¶޵ʱˮա
ȻЩʲôѵģҿ۾ͻˡŻеģ㿴۲ɣܻɣŻôǮլӣǮ϶ˣʡʡɡ
Ȼô˵ˣǲĵģԭҲͲټ֣һ׶ûУȵðѽԸȥС
˵˽Ҫ㣬߰ɡ
ʱɫ΢΢ķбƻͨϵ֯Ȱոּ֣һɳ֮
Ȼ֮˱ٹ֮㲻ٳԺȣķдССľ¥ȴ¡ʿͣͨʳ۸ͬȡ衣
ķзȻλ£ɲŷȴһ涨ֻҪ˶ʿ㹻𾴣ʿ㲻跲ˡ涨ʹ÷ܰĵΪʿķнյķҲû
ȻǷ˷˴ܵĳͷǼϿģԷҲһֱСĽв̤벽Ҳûйʿ·
ԭͳڽ˹䣬ڴˣͽһ¥
Сɿشһۣؽ¥ϡ
¥ʿò͵ĵطմԭĹŵȻֻһ¥ò͡
ԭ˺üˣԼҲʳС£Сʣ㣬ոЩ˺ܹɣ
ԭЦؿһۣڴˣˣһٷԵ
ٵЩֻܳԾ㣬ܲծ
¥Ͽλж࣬λλһڶã֪ǲǵ̸Цһ̧ۿ
ûǮʲô¥ؼԼһٵǮԳϺüˡڲסӡ
ƤǺˣ⼸Ƣ˲٣ҪǼǰ֪Ƕ֣ҲҪ˸ǰ
ɽĹأʵ˾ֻ̣ʵ̲סֻȥһ
ԭץʱϿΣʱʱ̶̿ڳߣķֵطô棬ҪԼס
㣬֪ˡһͷƤû̧һ¡
ʵûʲô˵ģǿʳڷҲֻûɽŵˣǲ
ԭҲǽڵΪﲻΪ⣬˲ʶȤ̽ʲôǿΪ
˿ԭ㶣ܿͻָ˳̬ûٿڳѷŤͷ⡣
ܿ˾ˣԭͳոյС֮ԺרĶԸķˡ
ڼ䣬¥һ½ʲô
ķżʣСͲϡˣֻг̲סǱ߶࿴һۡ
ƺע⵽˿ӣһԭæԼһֻꡱһǰķѳ롣

23

ľôһ˲ƺ
ȫӦԭȴѾѸٵǸС֪д˸λѣλдĹһΣһȥһúù̡ܽ
û˷ԭ͵ͬˣֽСˣŻûĳ¥
¥һ룬¥ͻȻһȷλѿ֡
Щ죬ƺԭɿԺѰصļ䣬ȻֳͣΡ
ʲôӣ˲Ҳ
תͷȥĽѾ򿪣¶Ӱһվţ־ϲ
ǡѡԭ̽ŵվãûǴɣ
ֵѣ㡱ƴϲ첽˹̫ˣôûҸոջΪϴأ
ǺǺǣĺɰ
ԭûص˳һۣû¶ű˿ʲôº˰ɣ鷳ˡ
ǰкöûˡԭ̾ţһǸոǱǸˣСܲأðλ벻Ҫ֡
λСܰĿؿ˳һۣЦ֪߲֣˵ˣͺֵѴˣ˵һҪлǡ
ǺǡԭЦ
Ѿˣ͵͵شźеˣܸоЩ졣
Ѿñط꣬Ӧϲ𣿿ˣȻЦЦȴ۵ףǷڻϲ
ƣ벻żȻԵټ繲һλѸֵ
⡭ðɡԭΪѵصոտƺʲôҪ£ҾͲȥˡ
ʶ˾ѣ˵ʲôšʾˣܵѣĪѣ˵ǲǣ
ܵǺһǰǸԲԲü˭ЦԲͣͷǰǰܹմֵĹʶֵѣҡ
ĪѾǸղųһû˵ֻױʾͬƵĻ
˵ˣִƳپҪЩ˵ȥˣԭֺֻͳһѾһ¥ݡ
һ£һԲԼĴڸУиоԼƺָ鷳ˣǣҲ֪鷳ô˵
໥˽ܣֺһƸп뵱ǶʿҵΪֵҪ߳㣬˭֪һٶټֵѾ߾ˣĽ
ԭæǫѷѹˣѾǽ𵤺ڵΪǿŸϵѵĽŲҪ˵ĽҲĽŶ԰
ЦλͲҪĽĽȥˣ˵ȥҺĪѶ˼ȥˡĪ㶼ǽΪΪǿġ
Īһƣ±ӣѵֻΪĻҾͲˡ
ԭϾ¶ֲ̿飬Ҿ˵̸µģôôѣһǸˣ̸£Ǹپۡ
ƿĪһ ѹеĲãһҲҸʹɫΪԼͰ첻
ֵұߣΪһ·ֵѿϳȻ°빦
⻰һڣݻЦеûʲô쳣Īȴɫһ䣬Ǽ㹻ˣټһ˾Ͷһ˷ֳɣΪͿһֵ͸ˡ
ѡĪ㱾˵ԭ룬˳˭֪û˵ڣͱԭˡ
ѣԭһʵҽղŸոյķǣûʱʲôжֻܹѵĺˡǺԥؾܾƵԼ
ֵѣεĻʮѵãûˣ㲻ٿǿǣķͰ᳤ֲˣǻ֮ٺú˽Ҳ١ķǺöˣʱ㵱򵼣㿴Σ
һԭǵĶ飬һЦǺǵظֻͣĪüͷ˵
ԭĪһۣ¶ɫǡ˰ɡѣ´лں
һﻥҪĪžǲӭĶҼŹ֡
ƳƬ̣ƺԭĹǣϧǾ´ΰɡ޿κεصĪһۣЩɸֵζ档
ĪνغһֻҪϷͺãŲں
лһԭǣƽ¥Ц
»ص¥Ϻƻֲ˽磬һصضĪĪѣ֪֪Ҹոһĺûᱻ͵ˡ
𣿺˭г
Īֱ壬ŴԭͳнԶıӰðŻعζ
˼ǣǸֵг𣡡


24

µûҸǽһγԹ·һٶˣ˽ĻܻΪҵħԺ׶ܵӰ졣֣µص
ղ̸ҪǵĶ鰡һ㶼гӡ
̸ЦĪȫôģʵ̫˷ѽˡ
һٶǰˣǸʱҲڣһΣԵʻ֮£ǽһؾԶǰ¡
Ǿǧ࣬ڵؾ㣬ۿҪʤʵˣȴʩƽסһ˶˱
ʹʱ꣬˵ʱȻڻ
㻹ôҪңԼϾˡ
ķǲ˽˫жԹҪϾһ˾Ǿˡ
ͬ飬̱ɽǼȱ˱ĵΪĪ㲻ΪʲôԭҴ
Ī͵ܣǲ֪ѽʱûԹң˹ƽСΪҲ֪ĹʵȫֻΪ˲ݾߣҲװ֪ƿĵĪͣΪ룬ƺҲӵѱ͵ܡ
Īգգ۾ûƾʲô˼
̾һһֻһģҪԼ˼ǷѾݾͲһˣΪֻЦʵתñ˭졣
Īͣķв䣬Ҳǽ𵤺ڵΪˣϾҲһӮҾǵĶ飬ƭȥȻ֣ǷҵһԻ塣Ī͵ܣҲνˣСæ㲻᲻Ұɣ
⡭ĪԥˣȻƴνӺ񣬲ûжĸ飬ʿϧû˭Ըɰ
ƺǿĪĹǣƿڵĪ͵ܣʵҪһֻҪ͵ܿϳԭϵĶֻҪɣ˾֡
Ҳ˵ԼԵõĳɣֳɺźˡԭ˵ǽ𵤺ڣˣͬҲǽ𵤺ڣ⼸һ׮׬
Ȩ֮Īһҧã˵ˣ
ƺһЦ˵һ
ԭȻ֪ߺ֮䷢ʲôŽ¡
㣬ôʶģôǲѰ
СӣĲᣬԹɫ㲻ԭЦſ˳һۣҲ֪ڿ
ţ㣬ҽԺҪǰˣҲ֪ôӦ
ԭһ˵ҲеͷðɣҾ˵һٶǰˡ
ǵؾײ㣬ԵΣնųˣǰֿɵáʱҷ˻ģҪһ˶̱ҾΪǿƭУԼ˱ˡ
濴ôһ£ý㷢ֵ磬ȻǸ˵֣Ҳûнʲôˡ
ߣһҽǵĶ飬һǲ⣬ҲŲĵԭһתͷԺǧ˵һӻˮСıƭˡ
ķǲ˽ķǵþûôĵڳڶֻ֣Ҫţȫбϵġ
õģ֪ˡԹԵص˵ͷոԭĻȻ󾪵ˣ㣡Ժٽˣ
Ϊʲôԭ˹ˣеúúõĸֲˡ
ͷضָһٶǰʶˣҲ˵һٶˣһʮ̫꣬ʡ

ԭЦòֱĶ˵úе˼ʲôźð
ָԼ游ҪǻŵĻҲʮ꣬һٶýʲô
ԭŻϽͣʵʶҵԶ棬ٶǰˣϸӦýʲô
ѵҪС
ǰЦһ仨ƵŮӣôҲڶ֣ˣԺǽŽнɣ
УУôܽأĺáԭŲŹѵôõЦϣܾʹ˴ס
㣬Ұɣǰ壬ʵ̫ˣûѽ
ѽûءԭ׷˹ȥ
֣˵˵ЦЦУ˻ص˼ңһֱϢʱ򣬳ǶЦ
ϣܳȥȵ׷ԲԵһ죬Ȼߡ

25

ڶ죬ԭͳмϹ˲εƷ֮һϵǮԭ񷢲һˡ
һ񷢲ĴţԭͲڿ̽װһ֪Ƶŷ
ǰߵӦѶҲǼߡԭڵһλͽﵽʮƷʯۿҪֹˣȴȻ˽
ʮƷʯۺϳƷʯһǧ飬һʾ޶ˡԭϸؿ˿ҪԪʯһ飬ĵرȥѹַôöû˽
ҡҡͷԭ
ڼ䣬ǵ̽Ŀһֱԭâڱ˲ˬһˣԭ벻˭ôȤ
һԭѾҵ˼ʺԼûϾͽӣǹһ֮󣬾ͳ񷢲
֮ȥ˼Уλļжһ飬ʲôû򣬿ֻȥˡ
һԭظͬľٶ죬ǵ߲̽ʧˡ
ǿ϶ģԭŲ¸Ǻʱ䣬ļֲ
ң켯Ҳǰ׹ģͽ̵չ˽͸ٽϼ񣬳ȥʮ£һĻѾˡ
ԭһ񣬸ڵǼǴü¼Χ
ѣҪļʶѣһ
ѣҵĶ˺ãÿԲˣѡԲڡ
ҽӵģڹ涨겻ôͽһ롣нзʿҽ񣬳ɹļʸߡ
ҲʹһЩʵǷȱʿҳֻڱʿ󣬿ܲܺһ
Ϊ˭԰·̹ԴʱĶӳɹԼεɵĹ̶顣
ԭлӵ󣬻ȥк󣬱һ˳˳ǡ
ӵȻ࣬ȫһλһ·ȥػ·
֮ǰһƬ֣֮ǰϢҪĶԭ·ɽһͷ֮С
ʮ֮ԭװһƬ˵أֵȼĿʯҩӦоУûߵѾջ
ΣյȻҲУԭͲСĵХǵϳһ׷ҹ
Ϊ̫һЩͿʼչأΪﵽԪӤ֮ʵһЩǰȥĵطҲȥˡ
ԭض飬֮Ĵ룬㽵һСϪϢ
Ϫˮ峺ףʱʱɫСԾˮ棬ԭƼÿɰ̲ס
ֵǺ°
ȻԭعͷһƤЦⲻЦվɿ⡣
ǱǶµ˰ԭܿ˿ΡǸɱԽĺõط
ѣҲǸոɺɣԭЦǺǵص·ûʶΣѾ١
ҲɣЦЦʵѾһˡ
ķͨԭϢԭЩʲôʱ򣬴ĸλ뿪ķǣȫ֪һ
ԣԼ󣬲Żô׼ؽԭ½ķ⡣
ԭգգۣûƻлصʲô𲻼ĻǻķȥһƲˣǱ߳Ա˵˵ţĹĹҵĴҸոСһʣҲҪҿ
ϵִռһСô󣬹ĳɼջϲˡ
ƺĪ¶̰ɫһֱЦеݣɫҲ
ֵѣûسô鷳ˣǾ˰ɣ
ôʲô˵ɡԭ̾ϸҲ˼̫ܾˡ
һٶǰǼ£ӦûǰɣΪҲ֪ڱ𣿡ҧгݵصǼܽôһٶ꣬ԭʱˣ
ԭֱЦǶʲô֪ԾˣһҪǳ̬ٳ
ѣôĻ˵ı﾿ʲôѽңǼ£ҲƽѾĸΪʲôƫҪ벻ͨԼ۸أԭҡͷ
˵ϻ᲻ԼóˣǾһѡ˵ǼֵǮĶҪ
ƼķһͷȣҲһڽɫĲۣĪȴ˵棬һʧӰ
ȻѾڳ̣ʲô˵أԭִ֣ɣһʲôС

26

ȥɣ
һȣͷȼԭȥڰ;лһǾԣſһź
ǺζŨԭסƵԵĲ棬һԾ
ߴߴ磬߽׳ԣߴڡ
ǾԸͷ󣬶ȴΪһܣԭĽ˿աعͷһںУͷϵĶе
ݽвУ۶ʱԭͷ¡
۵һȦһȦڽⲨ𶯣ԭֻԴ죬ʶһ۹вܿƵ
˻мֱ£ѹָ·ٵĹ
ԭҧ⣬һѪڲϣڽɫĹⲨ˲Ť
ԭʶ˲𷨾һġԭΪģĽЮĽ˷
ͷĵѾۼж۰ϸӭŽһͷײȥ䡣
ʹвٲλױ̴Ѫ顣
ĽڽϣңŤĹⲨϳһһصƬ
ƺݲԼͬڽѪ˿
ԭЦƵһѪǵüӱ
ǧ»۳һԭһУصСڿдǰԾȽָݡ
ǸڽиʶãȰΪʡöš
ݴ˿ѾЦˣԲԲһ£˫㣬ٻػǰ
ҲĿ׹ʢʹžһԭ˹
ԭһΣ˲Ƶ࣬˳һԡһѷԪӤʿӲӣԵʱ˻һˤƶˡ顱ڵϣͷȵ״ֻȱյīڣɫ
ͷƵıڵж꣬ϢϢأܵشȻ⣬һʹҲ˿˿ơ
ԭҲһۣὣƽݡ
ֵѣ䣬ҲǱõģ˴Ұɣ
ݼƲ۵ǰذ
û־ȴԭû뵽ģۣЦҾ͸һᣬȥƽˣҾͷߡ
ݿ˿ڵصƣһΪѣⲻðɣҺʮĽ飬²ȥ֡
벻㻹ὲԭüݣҸԼϧǾͲܹˡὣԴȥ
ݼæ߶ײ޴ķƳ⣬վֱ壬ԭĽֵˡ
ͣͣæҵصֵдеͣ£ҴӦ㣡
ԭǰһͣ£Ǿٸһλᡣ
ƸǰŶŭĿӵƣеĲۡ
Բסˣѣ
룬·𿴲͸ԨƵ屻һεͶ֮С
ݣ㲻ú
ĽУ屻벧֮УͶеʯӣһӾͲӰ
ֵѣѱ벧֮Уʱͻữһ̲Ѫˮ۸ԭ
ԭողŰͷ̽ȥȴһ˫֣ЦŰϡ
ãթ
ԭʶػӽȥնƵ֣ͻȻӿһֱݷĪֳΣһɫ
⧲֮£ԭţݿдʣһڽԭɽȥ
ƹЦ˴̲סȼ
벻ֵѣͣҲӲҵġ
ԭһֵۣصͬĴҲ֪ڵʲô
¶Ц⣬䵽ˣôӲûϵһĵʱ
ŵ˵ıԭҪָܻһ뵽ԭĺ͸Ũ¶Ū֮ǰһҪúĥһ
ܵѣȷҳȥдֵѡ溰
ԭһڿһ׳ա
ݰûлӦֳ︡Щżغһܵѣȷҳȥ
⣬ֶЦ˵ĻȴĪëȻ
Īѣ˵˷һ˵Ķã˷˵Ķá
㡭ʲô˼ĪʿˮǴڳԺڣһ̵
ûֱӻشЦеؿŲ棬˲ᣬҪпȬǸһµĶˡ
ȷҪƵ˼ˡ
ոսʱĪ㶼ûôţȴֱð亹͵͵ؿһ͸Ƕϣ̫ˣʮ꽻˵ӾͿӣСķôĶ֪
ݽĪķӦЦصĪѣڲûڻһͻ¶ѵƾһ͸ǶƴҾ֪㼸ʱĽ顱
ĪݺüΣĵͱһյĶתͷԸȴǱȵ˸¡
һգһƣĪ㶯ҡˡ
촽ĵصô֤㲻Ըҡ
ЦڶûʲôˣֶǽڵΪҾҪԸ㣬ҲҪǸ²ѽ
ĪһҲԣܽһѣɾ˺ˡڸոոԭսУѾĲ٣ɱܣûҪװ׸Լˡ
뵽Ī¶˾ģã˵İ죬ˣһһ롣
ЦǺǵصŶ
˸ԶԶ£һߵȲ۽ƺԭһץʱָ
ԭϷʵؿƣ˰ɣҵĺöѣһûˣһߣҪҪĶѽ
Ʋ֪ʱǳҲ𲻵κáݾصĶѣʱ䡣ֻû뵽һֵԼ
Ǹˣһеؿԭ
ֵѣΣҰ⿪Һⲧۡ
ڽۼΪʱͻᱻһ̲Ѫˮʱп۶ȴвˡ
ԭЦոջҪɱңҪˣֳСˣǲһֵġ
ѾоԼƤ仯ˣȥˣ˲ԭ˸ߵݴ񣬡ǰҵĴ͵˺òã
ԭг䣬ѾƵĽڲٲκϣˡ
׵ãһߵ׵ķϣҾȥ
ƴϲҪԭȴԭˣһŽߵ÷˳ȥ
سŵۣȥ֮ôɾͲˡ
Ϸɣ˻һϷġ
ϸֳЦݣһתѳɴ硣

27

һصص䵽棬صڴݺĪ㾪
ѣҸոþָһЩͷ˭֪Լͳˡû󰭰ɣҺĪѶĻˡ
ȷӦһǶĻ̬ʮֵĳϿңҪڲƼҪ˵ˡ
Ī죬ʮֲȻ֣ͺãͺá
޼ȴɫֻЩСˣ¡Ҳðɣ
ݿĪһۣ֮ɫҺĪѶãĴողŻָһЩѣֵôˣ
ԭôۣ߳ôȻǺõúܣȻк޼ˣȻʵ档
סãۿһ̲Ѫˮųġ˵ţصغһҧгݵصƾ³
֪Ǹĺ֮ˣǿƵӣй˼ɣͶ˵ǰֱȡˡĪ㣬Сûƫƫ̰Ĳ㣬ǺöԸ
˵¶ϲЦݣǾͺãǾͺãѣſڵϺɣ
˵ʱ໥һɶľ룬ƵĻ֮ݶĪʹ˸ɫԼһ
ƻëˣͷһƬ֪Լʶˡ
㲻ҪԼУɫغ
ѣǼʮĽˣԭ͸ûġЦԽˣһĪ㣬Īѣ㻹ʲô֡
Īγһ㣬һһֱ͸Ƕơ
߸ǲڽۣݺݵơ
Ʊˣٱԭ߳ڵϣλǿ˵ǴףﻹݺĪϮͽǾϣڱǳѪûϢ
һǿʤرû뵽Լҵ³
ƶãĪ̲ţֱ鲻Ľ𵤷ҳصسһ
ô϶ǿ֮ĩģĪݡ
⻹򵥣ЦеصʱˣԭȴôԭѪˮȴȻ⻰ֻܺƭС
Īɫ죬ʵôӲģԭھôˣ
ݵôҲ֪ƿԭһѣ֮ȴ档ԭˣڲزùΪ˱һǼһ¡
˵꣬ĪһΪԼϥ£һסۣдʡ
ԭڲｫĶһƵĽһ㶼⣬ֻƺ֪죬һе⡣
ڽƲԼûȫֻӳ˲һֵãȫƿصĲۣͻɲС鷳
ݵ̣һζηڽϣԭԵظоڲһ¯֫ٺлҺ̬򣬲ھȥڱ£͵˲ۿڡ
ڴŨˣһеԵǽ棬ֹԭĶԭִ֣⽫Ũ̳һն£֮ǰ˫һ˺նѸٵشӿն˳ȥ
һۣ廹ڼϳ壬һը죬ԭվȻͷʱһڣæҵĴϵ棬ĪƲϢĻ֮Ϣδǣͱ¶λá
ԭֻ֪ЦؿݣܵѣոѸ˵᲻㣬ȥ顣
ֵѣл˵ݺ˼ָƲƵʬ׵ʵҲǱвȣѲΪеģѾдŹҰɣ
ȫƵҲ޷粵Ҳ֪֮¿²ˣֻϣʱ䣬ĪҵʱԭһǿˣԵУǼҲԭĶ֡
ԭ¶Цݵǻ֪ɣⲧ۲˵ĻҶ
ֳ֮ɫȻ֪ζʲô²Ĵңƴȫڽۡ
Ī㣬㻹ڵʲô
ݵһ󺰣͸뼲籩ӱԭǰ۵ͷ¡
ȥȥ⼸УΪһϵ
ԭЦһܲ͸磬͸ǶڽγɵԲȦУһ͸Ƕתһ䣬Ըٶݡ
ţԭһתĪλȥ


ʹݱ͸ǶɸӣĪ㱻Ҷ
㡭㾿ǡʲôˣ
Ҫָԭջ̱֪ԼˣǰҪʸףԭͣһ𵤺ڵʿӵеġ
ûŪ˼ҵĵϸʹȥѹԼȻɱƣҲǱģˡ
֪ʲôˣԭ߽Ӹµؿݡ
ݷصͷ
ԭЦǣǵ˰ΪʲôҪ㣿
ٶ໰䣬ݵһֵĪˡ
˺ԭǵĴȡ£ͬƵһС
һѻ˵ʬոɾһֳԭ̤ϷɽѡһطϢ
ķᣬԭ¿һ£ԼĽʮ֮ڶȱʯˡ
һƣȥķǺԲٽֱӾͱչسԪӤˡ
ָ֮ԭķǷȥ
һ֮صУȥ˽ȻطسǱļС
Сһˡ
ʱͻỽΪСÿʱ򣬳ǿѾˣˣҪǱ˻Ц
һ߹ţһ߿޼ƿʩԽá
ȻȴûֹУڼС
Сӣȥˣ
ʱɫ磬һкӲϲһ˴ڼǳȥȥˣԭҲû̫⡣
а£ص䣬ɨһȾٵķ俴Ȼʰùؾأк⡣СǶһЩٹʮ꣬˸һЩͿԳ׵طˡ
뵽游ھҪɣԭһɡ
صԼķ䣬˴Ķϸϸ࣬õľ£ûõĴõмȥ֣һٴδ򿪷ŵʱѾǷǵˡ
ǳȥˣҲӦͻˣɳȻӰȻķڵΰãȻл˲ĵطԭвԳţŽֵѰҳ䡣


28

֯ƻԻͣһ֣ҹķǱƺл
ԭ˼ֵûзֳӰв⽹
ѾصУֻûע⵽ѣԭοԼĴҴҵߡ
Ժţĵƣԭڷˡ
˭
ӷ̽ӣһԭ۾
㣬ѽ־ϲشܵԺؿڣôһ
ûƺЩ仯ԭϸϸشһʵʵһһˣ˻ûؼңȥȥˡ㵽ȥˣ˶֪ؼң
ر֣ͷ¡
ԭҡͷСӵµõ
ؾ죬ֵȥˣ˵ϾʮˣͲСˡ
ȥ
ԭµǾˣʣôȥˣ
ֵصѽǮȥˣ
ԭ͡Ц㵹Ǹ˵˵ôǮģ˶ʯơ
ʵ벻һүʲôȥǮķʱųϽܵЩۻһֱҡͷ
ԭĻǺ˺̧ܿ°ͣϹһ£һ£ҾͿǮˣʱȥķԷ
ķķľ¥ɫḻɣѡ֮ء
ԭ˵֮䣬ڴţƤʵ˵˵㵽£ҿһǮķһˡ
ڸոտ¾ͺˣһµĹǮķһ̲ˣָܿ˿ڣһµĹǮҶ漸ܸùˣ㣬ģӺɷ˵㣬ˡ
ԭͷðҸءʲô˵
һᵽֵҰǵҩͯÿһʮƷʯÿ컹ٷʳ㣬ɣЦһ㶼һ־ȴ佱ģ
ļٵģ
ԭһɵؿ̼Ȼҽҩң˺ʿҽҩвģҵ游йʱᵽСӣҲʮˣеҽһû꣬ҩݸϲʮ֡Ƭ½ĵڵẉ̂˼ͷȥôֵõ⺺
ģȻģ¶бҪ˵𣿡޶˱ɣ첱Ӵ֡
ֲǲ㣬ʲôⲻ̫˵ҩͯҪȿˣôصģԭ漫ˡ
ʵڷֱǼûȣȻѧϰҽҩǼҴ츳һĿʼѧϰȴǾһȷɿ졣
ǸʱԭÿһΣʱѰɵ鼮ڿҽҩ伮ӷ˵һֱͨʿģشҽҩĵӡ
ȻЩŲ˵ԭĿ⣬ͦţˣЩôѵõңһ̾˻ʶӢۣɾ͹ˡ
žԭһԴϣɣʹɣ
ո̾ʿյĿ࿴һ͹̬ˣǽ䡣
Դе㣬ҪɵˣһǱģ
õ죬ھʹɵ㣡ԭһĹȥ
ѽͷܣطš
ԭҡҡͷ΢ЦԼķ䡣
ڶķ㴫춯
͸ԭҴææϵ´ҴһưˮĨһ׼š
㲻緹𣿡ԭʵ
ʱˣڽֱ㶫ԡ㣬ҵøϿˣٵҪ۹Ǯټ˻֣һСܵسȥˡ
ȵˣԭõĴȥм
˶ղȫУһǮԺʵĵ̣òϵĶøɸɾ
϶һʯԭĻŭţѹЩʿڴ٣ԭǮסȻҲǼģǰ
ԭҪʼ׼չҪƷˣʯǹˣҩȴû롣뵽˵ڵҩͯҪҩȥ￴
ڳǶĸ¥һ뼯оͿԿ
ԭȥڵײתһȦûֳӰӣУȴһǳ⡣
ôˣأ

29

ԭѭȥԭǴõĻѵһСˡ
Сɫ̹ӣϵһɫֲȻմ˻ҳһ˫ۺڰ׷شתδȴЦ
磬ǲõĵҩ֪㵱ֵҩñƽʱ죬ⲻһ¯͸͹𣡡СЦشĺӣ˼ʮƿҩ
ԭһ۾ϳСǳүһ㹩˼꣬ȴһưֺٰãûɵؾһʹ˵һߣֳ¿Լ
ȥȥȥЩں̨ӾͺãҪõǰǲͷҪõö࣬Ȼķ̹
ųȥ˺̨嵤ҩ֮󣬾Ͱ˻ȥ
ԭŴӽ߳Իָ֣չϵһƿҩøҿ
֣ǰԵȣСС鲽ܹشչȡµҩؽԭϣǰƷİ裬ڰ֮ɵĹһûиãʺϽڵʿá
һҩƼֱǿӣϲһ˵һεؿԭ
ԭҩƿһŨҵϢһϸ˿ȻƷİ裬Ƴ˴ĵҩȷʵ鴫ƽʱˣɽȴЩˬҩƿƣ˵ҪҲ˵Ҫֻٿ
Ѱ˸Сԭİ棬һһ߼ĵҩԭ߿Ǳ߳򣬲֪УѾȫװ
ǰЩȫװƽٵǰ۰Ͱ͵ؿԭ
ôѽԭǲע⵽ָƿǰɡ
ǰ
ƿٿԭƿм۸˵ƿֱᡣ֪ԼǱˣˣҺ͹˿Ǻֻϵù
ӣԭȻã˺һʯӵƻС
ǸĴͣĽӴҺ⣬´μ
ƽӵʯողֿ죬һ⻰ųһԲϲ£ȥ
´ΰ̣ɣ
ȻҹŻԭ˵ЦͻطȥϢһɣմͷͺ˯
ԭû£Ȼ˵͵֪˭ĳɳأҶһ
ӣÿһȥϹԭȥмռҪĵҩ
ķʷḻһɴ֮һ£ԭĵҩ׼ȫˡ
ǳʮԭķССףһ¡
˵Ҫ͵ģСļۣһµĹǮȫ϶ֻ㬵ؿԭˡ
ԭοúǮտʼҪչˣҳӦþܹǮˡ
ԭʱʱҪչصΪϰˣֹֻһ䣬ҪչذҪã
ʱ˵׼һأ궼пܡԭ㣬ԼһνӤʱ䣬˵󻷾ˣϴεľ飬ôʱҲǾ
ҪôðһΪǰһֻҪһء
ǱչؽӤʱҪһ㡣ԭһ£ҲǳˣҶҲûʲôĵģֻķǱϾǸɳǣ˱߻ӣ㷲¶ҪСĽ͸ţҳٸ
ˣֲСӣ˵ô憪£Ŷܿˡ
ԭεҡͷͲˣһĻûأ
ڶϳŵʱԭûסס˵һͨرǲҪﵽȥ֮أǿ˲顣
ʵķǳڳ磬ȻֻҪǻһ㰲ȫݣȴǱңɱԽżʣǹ·пܻ콵ԭǿС
֪ˣҲȥ˰ɡǳ֤ԭŷ뿪
ԭһμչҪƷȷһж걸֮󣬻ֹϷţϽ磬ȫͶ뵽Ӥ֮С
ᴿѹˢ磬ڵᡭ
һһѭ򽥽һεľףټϳʯ͵ҩܣӤչ쳣˳
һ죬ԪӤıݺȻ飬ؼӿ壬ʢܲסô˿˿ơ
󣬽鿪һѩѩ׵޴˳ü۸ԭһģһԭĽ𵤼ؼ
ֲ֪˶ãؼƽȣ߲ϼγɹĽӤࡣ
ˣԪӤɡ


30

ԭûмųأֻһЩʱ乮֮̾󣬲Żֳ˽ơ
ĵյԺԭգ˼۾Ӧҫ۵Ĺߡ
ûڼϹȥˣ֪Щʱ˶Ǯķһ١
뵽ԭ̣¶ǳǳЦ⡣ĲţȲķߣ뾡ؼ
αչز֪˶೤ʱ䣬СӦó˰ɣ֪ϲϵó
ǸսĻȻڴдˣԭЦеظкǵˡ
ƶԭӡ̣һп죬ȴŹЦݣӭǵãǵãǰþûˣʲôҪ
ԭЦͲˣһˣ𣿡
ƷǳؿһۣСĵʵигģǲ֪ǲǰҪҵǸˣ
ԭͷؾˣҽ˵Ľˡ
㣿
Ժ˭ֻ֪ǸˣʲôʱðʿˣңòΪͣ
԰Ҿ㡣ԭ϶صͷһƷʯȥ
ƽʯƨƨߵܵȥˡ
˵ĽŲٵԽԽǰõ͵رƿһߴӰ˳
㣬ʲôʱصģżеʺǸߴӰ첽ԭǰ
⡭С
ԭط㶣ðŽ˳û³ôʲôҵױ˶õĹذ
㣬㡣ϲţ˱ԭ֮չ£ҳͷҲӦõİҲͱһͷѣ㷴ӦôǿҰɣ
°Сôͳôأڴͷأ
ԭĪһʧУǸСѾˣܿͲҪˡ
㣬ȥķһ١ԭʧһطϲС
ȿȡһ͵͵ţѵ̸磬Ҫȥϳͻǧ˰
ѽԴյصô¶ˡԭǸȻһЦ㣬һлҪɣȥķɡ
ȥȥķԭ⣬ֻ۳һ칤ʱ͹ˣϻҪȥͻΪʲô칤ʱȥأ
ЦŽ͵һϹ˿ˣЩŹֵĹأÿζҪͻȥ
ҲǷ㲻ɣͲ𣿡
һԴǰͲ֪ˣ˳̸磬ͻ治С
ԭʮֺ棬ΪʲôУ
Ϊǹ˿Ƣ֣Ҫֻ࣬г̸Ӧ¡뵽ǿ˵ֹ񱣬¶ޡ
磬ԡСأǲڵ˵˿ͻġ
Ŷʲôû˵ס죬Ŀƣûзֱע⣬һ
㣬һлҪɣͲ˵ˣϻؼٺúġ
Ͼڹʱ䣬Ҳõ̫ãԭԴҲʮ⣬˻֣ȥɣ˻ͻ˱й䡣
˸֮ԭĴһȦϡ£ֲûʲôȤģ˼ҡ
ҹ˾ʱ򣬳ŲĴҴҵػϴȥϵķ糾ÿԭķš
㣬ĳˡ૵صϻŲŵ飬һΪһΣȻġ
ʱ䣬ÿصУӭĶһƬԭչǰǶӡ
ǸʱÿҲ飬˵ϼ仰ʱֻѰûϣڻȴÿֵʱ⡣
£εһ죬ؼҵʱеƻڵ
㣬ԺҪٱչ˰ɣôãҲ֪Ȳȵȥ
ûȵеĳŵĹ
СѾˣҲ游Уһǻֵġ
ԭѵ˵Щģʵɷ;ԵĹ켣̫⼸Ҳ٣бҪɵ˵ǱȻơ
㣬ǲҪҲˣֵ̿ץסԭ֣Ӧ游ҪҸˣҪȢӣڳŵûɣֲˣ
̫ˣҾҪߣҲҪ°źߣô᲻㣿ԭס֣˵ⷬʱζӳ£ͺ񣬺òĶӣҪ˰
㣬˵ĿƵؿԭ
Ȼһŵǧʲôʱˣԭʡ
ͺá
룬һӶȢޣͻԶˡ


31

Сûϲġ
ϻصңû˵䣬ԭݹһᡣ
ˡ
ʱ䣬ԭ˼վͻóһᣬȫķʻŮӵĻҲ֪ǴʲôŪġ
ӹһҳһҳúϸʱʱظԭۼ䣬ʾڿ
۾ͦÿϧʹ˵㡣
ﵽǲʮ갡ôȥһϣ
³ҼǺƯ˵Сʱײͷ˰̣ԲųڶͷϻΡ

һᷭ꣬ùﵹǲ٣Ҫóëġ
СѽҪҲҪ̫ߣˣˡԭĳȰ˵һӶҪ
㣬ô˵һĲͬдʵҵ£ҪѡһĲУȻȢ˻˵ϲǺ˼ҹ𣿡
ԭòϳ˵ĺеӹֿûеһοʱˡ
ðɣǾٿɣķôҾͲҲһϲġԭЩƵص
㣬Ǿ鷳ˡ첻ˣһطϢˡ
ȥɣȥɡԭɺػӻ֡
ֹһأ룬ǸӣԺǻҪԼǧҪҧ˲ɿڲа
ԭ֮ᣬĹһһãöľˣ֪֮ôõĹһ˼ң
ôЩҿ˶ģҲ㿴ûоɵӣԭʮֵ⡣
㣬ЩǺܺãûУ˼ƾʲôңЦ
Ȼë٣ҲһǴֻ˵˭ʣµ졣
ԭ룬Ĳ˵ƾĳ࣬ǺСϲġ
ҡҡͷˣǲҪȥˡ
ԭò׿ЩɶˣϾʹ˷ߣĥӲãʼղ¶ĸһӡ
Ȼ˵Ҿһһȥף˭ҴӦ˾˭
ˣǺ׵ģôżƸˣҾ˵Ҳ㣡
ʱ䱻ԭĻṥƸþƣߣһûסͱ˳
㣬㡭ԭָû˵ÿķΪ˭ڳӲˣҸ˦ɫˣ
ϻᣬصһӣҳȥڲ뿴㡣
㡭
ЩţǰҲԭûֵôףҲѹһʯͷ֪ôʯͷŲ
ףٺõĹûǸ뷨ֻ볤þúͽһ𡣿ǣ⣬ͱȻ˽⣻˳˽⣬ֲʹ죬ôźã
ͣԭͷϣҲһָۣſڣȥ
̾Ϣһͷɥسȥˡ
ֹ˺þԭƽһ¸ղŵ£ԼԽԽסˣûж£ȻôãǰǸͲܷ¡
ĬĬת˼̨
ķϨ˵ƣԭͣյ˯ž
ˣԼһ͵ˣһСӼƽʲôأ
ԭһʶ׵ҲʱһԼ˵ʮ꣬ٵȸҲŶʮͷֲǵȲ
ڶһ磬һ˫ȦˣǰԭĴǰ
㣬ҽҪȥϳͻҪЩ
ȥϳͻѾܶˣԭҲûȥֻšһʾ֪ˡ
ȴΪصسˡ
һԭõİ磬һֱظҹ
չ۾ʱŷԺﾲĵģûл
ͻҲûѽѵʲô
ģķΰôãµģҪɢɢġ
ǣֵһʱȻûл
ԭʵڵȲȥˣһ·ϳǼжȥ

32

ϳǵһլԺڵƻ谵һˣɫͿ죬ü
۾ɵôģؽҧļԵúܿ꣬ȴһ
һޱ߷ڴߣʱ̽̽ıϢƤסţȻñһõıдд
ͻȻŵܵ˸Ĵ̼شһֱͦͦ
ۼֿȥָոĸ첲ûͷһᣬȥ顱һڴϣû˶
ˣ
ָС̽̽ûкһûв
ôģ⣿أԲţ˵ã໹Щ΢
ȻȴԽԽĸоʱпֹͣ
̫ˣȫܲסҩô죬ô죿߶һͷѰҷڷڽתȦȦ
ˣҽͿСˡ
ضţ˺ܴľģ˵°ͣǿдͣιһźҩȥ
ˣѾˣҲҪңԼԸġ
̾һǸƱӣεҩʧˣôĽأ˳˼Уȫûע⵽ŵѾ䣬ɫҲɺڡ
ءһ죬լԺһŽķƿһӰ˽ֱԺΨһŵƵķ䡣
С
ԭһ۾ͿҲڴϣ˫۽գɫз࣬ѾϢв־ŭʹ
߱һʹоѹһˣʱðɡ
˭׼ģҹȥȻϷ򲻿
ԭֱһĹȥ߶ʱһ絽齱ߣһֻһִֻϡ
Ǳģ
ԭֻ㣬ǰججʲô顣
Ѫֱţ˫۱ó죬ԭʲô
߱ȣӣܿͻعļУƾʲôһ˶СУ
ʲôϷº㽻
ǺǣԭŭЦ˵ǰɣȥɣ
ವһʣԭ׼ߵĵȥ
󵨣ߴǳ⣬ķǵĹأڳ˵־Ͷ֡
ɿغˣԭһһǲϧܾҲҪնڽ£òȫӦ
ΪȻͣڳŪҩʵսĴ࣬ܿμ穡
ֻҪһʾڵͻǸԪӤܵеùˣһƣӦһ˵ϣԭ˼ɳЩִ硣
ԭȴһףɫҪǵв˶ˣԸ㾡ˣҼСܶ㺦ˣѵ
ﰵп֪࣬ճ̵Сиӽ㣬˵ʲôҩںڶˣֻûѾûˡ
У취Ҫ
ޣ˭˵Сˣոջһ¡ף쿴ֶˡָŴϵˡ
ңԭȻعͷȥ
߳յͷŶһֱ˲֪ãû׷ͣ˽Ų
Լӣõ㣬ʲôѽһߴŴһ߱Թݡ
ԭû׷ɱ׷ϣָͷĶһ
Сû̫ˣԭ˵ϣϲ
ָͷһºû˶ԭһֵֻıģ̽һȥ
һԭոһͱ˻ͬʱ˻ΣһںѪӿ
龰ԭﷴзӦǺܱȲúá
ʼ˼⴦ᣬϣҳϧոǸͷˣȻһʾ֪ôһ״
Ӻܴ󣬵ȴģľǶѵµ򣬻洦ҩݡ
ԭһȦһƱӣǵǸͷĽʱСĴʧġ
һ˵ЯĶǱȽҪĶ
ԭӣּʲݣһЩι״ͼңģʮֳܿ߰˷ֵ˼
ԭԽԽľּ£ȻǸողżء
Ȼֵҩ
ԭһ룬Լոôûһͷ룡
ҩ㻹һҲԶˡ

33

⼸ǰĴѰʹɵİ취ԭΪѾˣ˭ִ֪˹һжϣ㲻ܲɶ˻ȥ
ں˰ɣСȥˣڶˡ
ԭڴһߵĳ̾һԹȻݲĿǾɣ˭Ƿڵأ͵˰ɡ
ԭسɴ磬ܿͻصǼУط󷨡
Ҫ£ݲðִҪ;˲ǳԼҪܵɡ
ԭŵƽɣóһѺߣָ׶Ѹٵر֯һźɫ˿һ˿ƯڴϷĽǸһС
ԭְڳϣֳһ˿Сڡ
ǹɹһӷ˵֣ԭ˿ӿų⣬ȲҪϳȥ
屾Ѿν׽ĵҩݲеưܲﻹɲͬڽսȫ͹һһѡ
ڱѪѪɫڡ
ԭ͵ػسǹ˶㣬˳ԭ׷˹뵽ԭ
ԭ𵴣֪һ̫ˣſԼܹƿصķΧ
ڵĹ뵽澫⾻ڴӵѭʱѾӻҺɫ˰ɫԭĵȴһƬ𽥽бơ
پԭسڣ̾ĻҺɫǿҵײһʱѪɽѪһأؾҲʼѪ

ʹشһưܵҲܲס尾޴ţݳ

˷ڴϷ˿ŤϺ£ɢĻǾס

ԭһ壬ȫסˣκһѹҲҪɵˡ
ѵһۿѾɹԭһ˲ıȴ󳬳ϡ
ֻ˿ڣĻǾһ𣬽һΡ
һļͷһ˿ϵķҲǴɫüĿ㣬
ԭ˻һ֡
һԭеòس·Խʱ⣬ԭصһγļ
Ǹʱ춼ܰϲڴϿԺķݾĴ棬ÿϰӵ飬̧ͷ΢Ц
ĺܰЦЦֺÿůаȫС
ƢҲܺã˵ǰ˳
ֱһ죬֪ԭҲҷ
ã
ǰӰԭأԲţһٶˣôĻΣ
ԭô겻ģһ㶼ûб䡣
΢Цţһǰᣬ˫ȴȪ̶ʢŻ
ãôʲô£
ԭ޷ƭԼǰǳá档
ٶǰۿΪת˲֪ٴΣôȴڳĻУ⵱гʲô⣿
һͷԺУҼȥʵ̫ˡ
ԭ
Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴͻȻʮʹ࣬õξҵŤ󾹲άΣַɢǵʽں˿ĴҴܣƺҪҵȱͻƳȥ
ãôˣ
̫ʵòԭٶȣֳһȶ˿
˿ڣ궯Ļƽ¾ۼһΡ
㣬ңҡ
һΣֵȴǳѪĿɲҵҶͣȡ
ԭûˣȫעʩ
ҹԭ߲ݣľ˾Ͷһ鵤䣬ڰѳڵĹȫɾתһʹע塣
ϳƬľ类ĳˢǿ֣¹ܳµͨ
׵ھͨڷֻࡢࡢơסɫ̣໥ںϣࡢɫռλھͨڣȫ
ԭһУ˿һУסĻһڣǸλӦµ塣
һг䶨ʱԭ̲סһѪһͷԵڴ²֪
³ѪǻҺɫԭ鶯ԪӤҲ˻Һɫήٵؽۡ


34

, о죬ƺ
ǵʦһŵҩ, ºлı, Ӷ̤֮·Ȼ, ʧܵļҲܴ󣬾ͿҲҶˡ
ѰѰô, Ҫҵıʵķ, ڻǰﻹԥ˵ˣ, ԭҪֵ, ΨһץסĻᣬܷŹ
ʦʱ, òţգ۵ĹͰѵҩ̽
ʧҲڣгܱҪһۿҪ룬Ҳû˼, һ
̧̧֣ŵ, ʹǰǲһˣǲζѾɹ̥ˣ
ĻϲԭϲáЩǲ̫ˣԺио, ҵʦУӻ˼ҡ
㣡
֧ӣԭڴ齱߻Բѵʱ򣬾ŵؽӡнܣģûʱ
㣬ôˣѣŻѽ
ҡҡԭд˿ǻͷһƬհףȫ֪ܰﵽԭ
´ԭȥɺãӸϡɫ԰ףǻŻҺɫգææܵˮϴӸ
ϴɾԭɫӷףԵ·һҪ
㣬ôˣѰɣ
ҡԭת
侲һҪ侲㻹ȥȣ㲻Լš
Լ侲Լ벻취ԭұȡ
һʱ뵽ʦǴ˽ĽȻڱǸĹˣʵʵڽණ̥ҩøԣҲܾ
һ뵽סˣܵԺţոȥţͻȻһɾ޴
ˣʩ˷
ŵŵŵܻطԥһ¶ȥҡԭ
㣬Ժô򿪡
־ԭʣҡͣ£ѣּҡ
֪ҡ˶ãԭë˲۾
ҡˣҡҾҪɢˡԭصֻͷۻûһʹ
㣬ˣϲôԺţȥʦơ
ʦ˭
ԭգգۣǸ˲ǳͷǳ˵Ǹʦɡ
ʲôҺûԺȥȻһҴһΡԭ޺޵ص

켫ˣȫԭô˵Ļ˵ʲôʦǺˣôһѽ
ԭϢһڻһŶԳһ㣬Ҹ㿪ŵķȥЩҩ˴˲СҩȫԼϢĻ²ָܻ
ȥԭ˵ķͷ˵˼ֵҩƣɵﶼ򵽡
ҪתţԭֽסʲôûǮءǿһ˿˴Ҫ٣Լá
ҲȻҲһЩʯԭҪĵҩֵƣǵǮֱǱˮн
һغãһ߽ȥлӭ͹ҪЩʲôٶһһȭϣ̸ѽ¿ɲˣôûϹѴʦˣ
ʦҩͯܣ˺£Ƕ
ûкͿ˺üĹΪ˱ʾƽʦѾˡ
ǣѾ˲Щˣ»ʲôԭҪ
磬һ£ʵѲҸʦһ¡
ưŰɣЦû⣬Ȼˣôȥʹʦ˵
ҩģ˵ҪãʵǼֵҩ磬⼸ҩÿƿ
Ĭһ¼۸񣬴һ̸磬㷢ˣ
Цѿ࣬ߴٵ磬㶯ЩҼҪ
úúãϾͺá
ҳ⼸ҩ˼۸һֽǮһֽ
ȳŵҩҴ뿪һ˴Ӻ̨ת
ղ˭ôȥô죿
ջЦŹ˼죬ϾͲǵˣǳ
𣿾ǸΪűҩͯ
޳ӢҡҡͷԣȻ˵ıӰ񣬵ǵֻһ޷ķˣոǸȻΪ΢ȷѾˣôǳ
ϴ˰ɣĵضԻƵ

35

ջЦЦ, ʦ, ոҸһ, ˵, ʱϹˡ
֮䣬˵ٻ, ޳Ӣ, ǳĻʲôԭڶ̶֮ڴһ˱ʿأ
һ뷨ڴ޳ӢԺӹ, üȡ
ѵֵҩ
еƴ, ֪ס𣿡
һ̶ȲãҪҵ, ӡ֤еǸ뷨
ͷһ󣬵˵סڱǣĸλҲǺ
û֪
޳ӢʵĻƣûõҪĴ𰸡
޳Ӣſڣһ, ȺУͲӰ
ô, Ҫȥң޳Ӣаղѡ
ԭ壬һҩͺ޲òϳɻؼңϵõ˿ʼˡ
㣬ҩˡԭڵķԺ, 첽ܵǰͳһҩƿӣˣ㿴ȳĸ
ԭѡһƿź£һȴ˳ȥ
ҷ޷оǳȥɡ
㣬һ𣿡
Ǳŵˣԭ²ʡӻӡԺУһ;ú¡
ҪǲľڼţȻ㡣
ԭ˵꣬ٴĿ˹ʼһһ˻ҩ
Ա߿һȷԭûʲô׵ĵطŵ˳ȥ
֮ԭеҩ򿪷˳
㣬ȫ˰ɣææ˹
õòˡԭЦ𣬿մ˻ҳʵڵʲôŪģ
ֲ˲˭֪ҲģԽԽڡ
һŻèԭ̲סЦҲźٺٵЦصصȲ˵ҳɹٸ㡣
߾ͲߣֲǷҪֻ֪δôĻһҪѵܾɻˡ
ԭѵ֪֪ûˣҲûôҲһ£ûаҷ
Դһԣԭ䣬Ӧܵģ˵ûʲôԭ뿴ġ
𣬽ƴˣԺ˳Ϣһúñ㡣
ϴ̬ȻԭֻСطһ¡
ʵҲ㲻ǳͷȻƴĻᣬҪϰ߶ҪչӣֻǰĥӶѡ
ԥشӦˣֻԼҪ
㣬Ȼܹˣͽ̽£
ԭЩӣ˳á
뵱꣬Уȴһھ;ܾˡ
ǰһأû뷽跨ҪԼŪҪС
ôӦòһ˰ɣǣڳĻп˳ãǺöԹָνأ
뵽ԭԳЦЦ㵹ǲѣҪ֪ô״мʲôʣҲźʩ̡
һشߴ٣ҪôŲóҿ
ԭܼ򵥣Ȼҵ۾Ϳˡ
֣ԭסֳһС̽˽ȥ
ֻģ̧ͷ׼˵Щʲôȴöԭ˫֮һ·˶ȥ
ԭʶѾ뵽ʶУ̽ҪôҪ֪Ĳ⡣
ʶһƬ磬ԪûʵʣŨһʶС
ԭʶոսʱʶֿҪ߸ϳȥƬ֮󣬿ϳ˭£ֳ׽֮⡣
ڳϢԭһʱͷֱˡ
أȥˣ˵꼻һֺ󣬾ͳʧˣ
ԭģڳʶĴѲһܵ˲һϢ
Ȼֻкһ㣬һһķӡ״̬ȷǾǳá
Ҳ˵ʵ鹲ֻռǳڳõʶӡţԲһֱûֳ
ڻޱ䣬ܵ𵴣ڳõʶųƷӡ˳Ϊռλǳܿѹס˳ãȨ
ٿڵľ˫ĳһģһ
ʲô׵أ
ԭɫ˳˳ʶĬĬһƭӣ

36

һѹ, ԭıЩ죬
, ʲô𣿡, ɣ
ԭ˳, ⵹ûУֻЩ⡣
ʲôأ׷ʡ
ľ˫, û뵽ô, ϲ㡣ԭʾףء
֪ľ˫㶼˵ˣǾһǲġ
üЦصǽ뵽ô𣿿Ұɣһ²ܳ, Ѱ, ҪЩӲŻÿ졣
ԭô죿ϸ, ٸ㡣
ЩʧǴӦЩȥɣѾȲˡ
Ҫǻ˸ˣڸոʱܵõԪӤʿָ, Ѿмˣƫ, ڸв֪
ԭڵΪָһŵСʿǲڻ£ڶһ磬ԭͰһСӽϡ
һ, дƻһֱ
һôడ⿴ͷԾЩ͡
𣿲ɡԭù˿ʱֻ̫д˸ţԺơ
ֻǸžˣǻˣĴ˷Ѹȴʼʶв֮ˡ
Ȱѵһƪ죬ʲô׵ľҡ
ŶӦһСʽʼ֮·
ܿͳеУԭһ˳ţһϳʦס
õĴѾһ£Ȼ˼ȴˡ
ԭ˵⼸ʱ䣬ʦͽסլתˣԼ֮ززˡ
ΪܲסҩˣʲôأǸӽѰ
ˣԭȻҪģûҲͲҪĿġ
ͷܵûͦ졣
ȻˣǾԶ㣬һӲټȻһ鷳
ֻǳ⣬ֻˡ
ԭ֪ǲģû뵽ô츳һ½ʱѾ׵㡣
ٶȥҪ˼Ҫˡ
Ƭ½ϣʮ֮ѾţǰĽˣû뵽ԼһҲܳΪĽĶ
ҸС㶼ˣûʲôĵطԭЩ˼飬Լտʼʱеĳ̵ԩ·
ʵʵشһʼȷʵֿڣ֮󣬺һӾˡ
һһ飬ѧӿкҲеѡ
ԭðɣͺɡѧ̫㣬ʦúС
ʱһξ͹ȥ˰꣬ÿ춼ڷܵҪǰʮĿȱϣΪǣѾ嵽㡣
ʱͻСΣٶԭĿ࿴мϲǡ
ٶȿȻǺ£ӦľʵϣҲǲС鷳
һ죬ԭ˳̡
첻ˣú׼һ£մǡԭ
ʣʲôѵҪ뿪𣿡
ʱŴ£һϣѵǽʲô춯صĴ£ķҲȥˣòֿʼˡ
˾˰ɣֻҪܺͽһȥν
תתʵҲûʲô׼ģҪߵĶ࣬ԭıʼǺͼ᲻õľԼܵЩʯһС¯ˡ
ڵֲ࣬Ƴɵҩ۸ڸոʱȥ¯г洦ɼؼķԼѧƵҩ
ÿζŪûͷȴûһγɹĻش
һزѷˣԭЦð죬ŸΪ΢Ͳ֧裬һ˵ʿ֮ſʼ
ңÿ˵츳ͬÿһ˳Ҫʱ˲֪
һ¯Ժ˸õģһǲһģһߡ
Ǹ¯ǸС¯ǸСÿĴ˵ٲȻȻˡ
˵ڵΪĴ͹ˣٸ߼Ҳòˡ
ˣܱܲŸ¯ƣڱɣǡɴڽæš
ԭ߽ﱧŸ¯ڷʵ㲻ȥʰʲô
ҾʰҪڷ¯ôߣ㣬Ĵ󣬾ͰҷһŰɡ
ԭ˸Ӳˣǳȥŵ¯ʲôѵɵҩͿ¯
ǸţҲûͰɣ
ԭȥȥ
ˣʰĽڣԭƳ䣬Լŵ¯Цá

37

ڶ, ԭͳȥ˳ڵ񷢲Ҫ, ˳ӵ, ĿȷЩ, ҿСǮֶΪ
ԭָ, ˼ʺĿǰ׶ε, ԲɼֲΪ򵥶ֿһռʮĶ, ˵սԱȽϴ
ķǶǧƬɭ, ˳ľ֣ͽֲḻ, ûʲôر׺ݵޣһǵͽʿá
ԭͳ˴ĳѡľ֡
ȻѾʿˣ޷УԻǹԹԵվԭľַȥ
ԪӤ֮, ԭٶּӿˣһʱ֮, ͵ľֵıԵ
֮ԭָïֶܵԳԼȥɣ֮󣬲û, Ҫһϡ
㣬㲻һ𣿡Щ⣬Щ˷ܣһ˴֣˵ִ̼
ҪǸһ㻹ôú£Ҹ׼޷ӦΣվԵֵԪӤʿιľȫˡ
ûкܵʿʵ̫źˣٳǰɾԵõˡ
պܲþ;ãҲԿȫԼܲľֶȹʮ졣
ľ֣֮Ŀ߲٣оȥҲӦ
ûϷһ߲ݣһּϵĵͽֲһҪռ߲ݡ
ôͷĿ꣬ѹסеȸԾȥʼھ
һһΧǰ˵ЩʿԼùר˵ĳɹ
߲ݵҩЧ༯ڸĸϵľһܷѾ
ھ߲ݷ˳ʱĹ
ףΪʲôֵɼֲȱֲͬ߳ɡΪʱ٣Լ۸̧
߲װľǰһ·ַ˺üֲ
һ߲ҩһڴŷ̼飬ɴչȥˣͬʿҵͷûбˡ
ѵҪľƽ˾ʮҩҲ̫Ȥ˰ɣ
֮󣬳˿ĵطϢΧ壬һֱû˭
ǰİҪһֱƽô
죬뵽ľֵˣ롣
˼壬ư׺ɫȥر
ĿǰһſƻҪ󣬶ĥ̴м䣬·Ͷ
˿ʯӹȥΪͽʵʯ浯˼ճ֮ϡ
ΪʳѸٵƹȥʧ
ؼһ֦ȥͱǾŵԵ㣬ôߣ𷴻˿׵˿˳֦֡
˿ȴжģմһҪƤܡ
æɿ֣Ҳֹͣ˿һһţ໢
һ룬ͶϣǺܺõȼϣ̾ͳ֮ơ
䵽棬OO@@ݴдܣһȥҳɾˡ
˳ֳ˼ݾһ㼤ȥý붤ڵ϶á
¿ӡ
󣬵Ǹ͸ˣͳССذĶȡ
ֹ죬϶ˣһʮ޻磬ľ߿
ǰߣ޾Ͷݴʱʱһߣӷ˻˻һëĺȥԹӣϷһּϲȥߵ
һϢʱ˿»ǣһƥǣȻͼڶϵ̫ˡ
ֱڣᵽ塣
Ȼն࣬ŲԭľƾԼͦȥõջࡣ
һգ˳ȺӵĻǣаͷô֪࣬ԼӦˣŤͷȾܡ
֮ʱŲ·ò˦Ⱥ׷Ѿ治ˡ
׼̣ó˷λʱѾˣ㷵̡
ȥ·вٵֲڵ۹ˣǱȽرģȤսľʱһֲ˸߲ҡ
Ϣʱ⼸ˣðһֻɽ׼ԡ
ڻϿ죬ܿζˮֱȴȲ˺һ
ڴõʱͻȻԱߵִ춯һð˳
ǰҶˣԸһԵ𣿡

38

ҹʱ, شͻȻ, һһŮ˵, ﾯ
˭, Ͻҹ
ǳ̫׶ж˺һ, ͷʱ, ż
ǰʵ̫, ҪԵġȻ͵, ԺйճһŮ
һȣֽͷӵС
Ӵ
һͷ, ˳һԹؿ
ʮӣȻڣͷɢЩǱ, ȻʣƤһ׹, ̲סְ档
ó𣿡
Ļɷ羰񣬲Ӧ˵ԲȻڵʲôܰæ
ôһ仰, ôȥ
͵͵ȥҲڴԼͷһϲǰҺͽһ;Ⱥɢˡһ춼ûԹˣܸҵԵ𣿡˵꣬۰Ͱ͵ؿųŵĿ⡣
˵ҲȺеͬζԵҲˣͰѿõǰһݣ㡣
йĿˮӡƺ棬һ죬εرȻţҪô࣬˺ҾͿˡ
һӾˣʣµֻ˺ݵϣԣﻹЩ
һ߳ԣһ
ԭᣬͽһľʼ˳˳ģ˭֪һȺǡ
Ϊ˾԰Ⱥˣһ˲ԶͶڸȽ
ڳԵĶڽĴֲԣʹһֱڣʵڶòУζ
һֻȳ꣬ӣش˸á
ǰлл㣬ⱲӳԹóԵĶЦǳǳľѣ۾һࡣ
ЩĸоƺֽŶ֪ˣϵƶ䡣
ǶˣȻʲôóԣԱûУﻹС
ǱˣЩڿʣ磬ûˮȣ
ۺ촽ԳĳƺѾǰɵ˸硣
УУȻСæóˮҡ
ͷССڵˮó۾ֱŶ
磬ǲҲڿѽһ¶ؿˮֵ˻ȥ㣬ڽʰɣ
ӹˮңȴû֣ܵ˹ƻһ˶˹
ûйͷֱ۲ڳϣЦص磬ι𣿡
Ὣ°𣬵һˮȥ磬úҪҪһڣ
ˮڳкʣͻȻۡһ˳ͳ棬ñһǡ

˲ôױݣ˼ؿ磬ôˣ
üϳ֮ɫʣЦûݹҪˮˮȫȹ⣬һһ󡣡
ˮĲݵζȻڵǰ׸ɵģһζֱó
磬ں˵Щʲôôһ㶼һ˫޹Ĵ۾Թؿų
ûϵԹ԰ˮˣһȽһϧ˼ûС
ɫڱˣһûҵôܣ
ʲôܵģЩֲֶ˲֡
˵ü䲻мȴЩգʼʱȷʵеУֻǺܿ˹
ܣᷴԼţ֮ǰԹδʧ֣ôͲأ
Ǵ￴ģִŵҪһ𰸡
ðɣҾͷĸ㡣һһٵصΪ̫ļˡ
̫ļˣ᲻˼
ùǲôżضͶͱһһֻһ֮Եİˡ
˼˵ôװװһùӦеӡ
ô򵥣
ĿڣĻشˡ
˵Щãƫţ֪˰ɡ
һԽһŮӣһɫװİɫȹγĶԱȡ
ȥֻ꣬ȴ͸ΪζţΪԶ֮ϡ
ò߷ƣֻһᣬһӢ뵽ոᵽһ壬ΪſںߵģڿǼٻ
һ㰡̾һ䣬ؼңû²Ҫˡ
áͷʰߡ

39

ԼѴ, ϾߣҶЩ鷳
гһ, ָųҵĴ, ˵Ȼ, ·Ѿ֮
ԭٵĽûˣ, ľô, ڼ¾ջٵֲΪʲôЩ˾ϲ˵Ķأ
ٵķտɱԼʵʵɻˡ
ҡͷúõСҪЩ, ¡ת׼뿪
, һ˦˹, ŲѸƫƣת˰Ȧֽץס
ͱóŭǿŮ˲ŲƽϵģҪΪҺ۸
ʵûմӮ, ѡãҪƽĻ, Ҳûһս
Ц۸㣬𣿡
˵䣬ɿڳްһ, ֻץסӵֱʲôһ£ۡ
ϸһͻ𵹴̣ĵ΢⣬Ѿ
ж
ͷЩĮض֣ӡৡһ˻ȥ̹εһƬѪģ
Ϊֿȥ˪ˣӦǲмʹЩֶεģǶԵˣҲ򵽶Էķ
û뵽ĵӦ֣ʶ٣˰
һֳڳϣߣʶ㱣¶ʤЦݡ
ö˺þˣ䵽ϡ
ȥĴ˭֪Ǵϵü㽫ջشУֻȥϵϵ
ոһһɿֲͻȻǰһӺõɳȥûڰС
ԭǳǿһ˿ԭı
㡭
УܵǰǾŭʲô
ʲôʮƵġ
еıԼһ̣
Թؿ˶ţڵķ׷ȥˡ
һſſصڵϣشһ嶾裬ҲЧûЧһȫ̽
ϵĶֻǻʶģԣǴЫβĶҺӲڵϣֻϣʱҪһٵģѾûˡ
ã̫ƿԼʱȻڵϡ
˵òᣬûпԸӦþ뿪ط˭֪ʳ˻ûбİ֡
壬ĵ뿪ʧããɭ֮С
ʮ޵ˣǳûг֣ԭб̫ȵ̫ȫɽûľĻͽȥ
㣡
ҹûһ˿͵ʱԭϤĺл˳
²Եĺˣƣжһּ㣬ڰ׷ۿ͸ϲá
㣡Сܹ͵ؽԴϡ
ԭһʶؾҪ𿪣ȴ૵صҺۣһؼҰɣ
󵨡֮Ļڿתתջ˻ȥԭסļ򣬵ʹؼңټһ¡
Ҳ֪Լô£ľ߳ʱһԭͻ᲻𣬾ʲô
ûˣЪһ
ԭһ£ص˳С֮ʱǸʱܣ֮ͺˡ
ǺðɣϢһߡ
ԭһô£ܿͿ˯ˡ
ļʱţٵˣһû˯Ҳûʲôģһԭͷŷʵƣ
ٴʱ̫Ѿλεعˣһҹߡ
ʰʰ̤ԭķɽһʱ֮󣬻صķС
ȵ񷢲ȥ񣬽Ȼ࣬һڵʿѾǲˡ
ټϳֲɼһЩֲȥһʽˣ±ڵһҩͯĶˡ
ûеľʶôҩҲʶʦҲͲĽ죬Եим֮ġ
ϵֲҪ֣ɴˣҲԽȥյͬ¡
ԼڵֲҪôԭȻûҲҪһҩ˱һͬǰ
һֵ̣Ļȫ㶣Ȼһææ˺̨
ջӭЦصǰ̸磬λҪЩʲô
ЦУͣ͵͵ԼԵøƽʱһ

40

ɫ, װûЦҲɼһЩֲ, 뵽չ, ͹ˡ
ջһת, ҩǴʦڸ𣬴ô, Լ̨ȥˡ
̸ͷ, Ҳá
ʮֵϤߵͨſڵʱ򣬴޳ӢͲĴҴҵسˡ
, 㣡
Ĺ, ޳Ӣǰֱվ꣬², Ѿˡ
ôٶȣ޳ӢľעĲ
Һ
˵Ŀ۾ȥ̽顣ֻеץס֣, һϸϸ˽ȥ˳ųľһһ̽Ѱ
ʦ, ʲô
δ̽˵ľھĴɡ
󺧣Ѿ޳Ӣǽʿ, һڵСʿֱһ׾ٵ¡
оõ޳Ӣƽϸƺ⣬Ҳͽ
ʦ㾿뿴ʲô
ȻûеףоӦǸ׽裬ıйϵ
ɣҪţҾǿ
޳ӢаοųľȴԽԽأľ˫÷ǳ׳ʵȫûļѵѾĵҩһһ㸱öûеļƷ鵤
ôܣ
˭֪½ҩһɣŶûƳ鵤ôƳɹ
𺳵ʱͻȻһɴϮеһƬҶɳɿ⡣
û°ɣ
ԭеؿҡͷΰĿ⼯ڴ޳ӢϣɫȻ䡣
Ŵɣ벻˽Ҳǿ¡
һñӾͿ
޳Ӣֻǰʹ̣θƺ˼һѪ
ǰˡ²ûж⣬ֻһʱļûסӦСͬġ
òصֻгһҲͰˣƫƫ˷ܵһĽ㣬ڱץ˸ţɵϵһС
ԭǹЦʵΪ߹޳Ӣڻͷ
ϾǵһȻлʿʮλһССԪӤǲġ
ԣ޳Ӣ޿֣Ȼ˵ŵǸĻȴһ㶼¡ǳ׼Ұִ󣬲ò˳ݵ̨ס
ԭҲԸ˳Ļ½ӣΪʲôļҵܵʲôϵ
޳ӢǰǰҩͯǵʱֻǸˣȴһʿѵһֵ𣿡
ؿڵʹͣһ£һŽ˵ǰҲ֪һֱһ˵һҩܸ֮ıʣҲһСѾ뵽Ǹ˵鼤֮¾Ϳǲܣǰ£ʵûб˼ֻ뿴ǲġ
ԭͷ˵ҲмֵǾʹˣ˻˵ҵС£Ҳ׷
⻰һ˵ڣͷɿؿһۣ׼
޳Ӣӵŵķкüʮˣ̬Ϳ飬ԭ˼Ͼˡ
ôֲű߼ʵ˵ǰ˴ҼƽϲŶԡ޳Ӣ󷽵һ֣һ¥ĵҩǰѡ͵ҵ񡣡
ô˼أԭƴǣȴֿ˻
ӦõģӦõġ
һ¥ĵҩǳƷ֣޳Ӣʹܺãһźƿأϲ˴򽻵
ҾͲˡ
ԭЦ绨ųͿʼɨ޳ӢνЩȴһʹѡ
ʦǰһ¥Ļһ룬ֵʯˡ
ջĵ޳Ӣ档
ȥ
ԭǵĶԻתͷЩ˼ǲõ̫ˣҪһЩ
ãã⡣
޳ӢæֹҪĻֻ˵Сˡ
ԭҲ˵˵ѣŰǰһѵĵҩ²Ǹ⣬Ͱ˰֣ЩɣǸҶװ
ԭװҩĴʱ򣬴޳Ӣǰһ֪СǴõĻԵǰ֪
ǰŮΪȻߣ̰Ĳ㣬ûи˵ķ緶Ҳֻڴ˵еҩ
˼ҵ˼ҵֶ̣ھ͸رʱˡ
һ£ԭŭ壬ǸϷӣǼСܺܵÿ죬ȻҳĽƤ
ĸϷӣ޳Ӣ׷ʡ
ǵǸͣסϳǵģǰҹҪͻȥǸ
ԭԥͰʦˣԺеŵɧţӦúùˡ
ʦรɡ

41

ԭ
޳ӢʦӡͣڻǵıԹ, ֪һƢŹ֣ϲŭ޳ˡ
Ī, ֪ʦô, ٹŹҲԸȥύ
ǰ˼, ʦѾ뿪ķˣ޳Ӣѵʵ
ߣܵÿ죬Ȼÿԭ޷޲ƽص
޳Ӣ˰, ò׵ֶˡ

ڳ, ֪ĵһıʳɹˣԺ᲻仯Ҫ۲С
﷢ë, ֻ뾡뿪
ʦ, ûʲôµĻҺͽ͸ˡ
޳ӢʵѳԾͽ۲, ԭ϶ǲͬģֻװصûˣ㡣
ոջصУԭͶԳʰʰĶ, ʱҪ׼뿪һξͲǳȥˣʱ֮ڶ
Ҫ·
ȷԭû, ôȥ˵һ˾ͻˣ
һ½ڵ﷢£ʦһͼе̽ڵľȻļǵش
ʲôɣѵʲô˲һط
, ԭ㣬ΪʲôҪߣΪҵʲôףܱ֪𣿡
ǸеĺӣôͲˡ
ԭ̾һȻˣҲͲˡ㻹ǵǸͷԵҩ˼մȾħֲȻ˾忪Ҳڱħʴ
ԭû˵꣬ѾһԹħһЩ伮˽⵽ɺħ߻ӣҪǱ֪ħǿǻҲ˵塣
æһ졣
㣬ûʲôѽԭɻص
ԭڵħ࣬ҽѹ㵤һǣΪͣȻоΪߵˣ޳ӢģֻҪǽ뵽ĵѷ쳣
˺²ѣҪǽûмʱֹ޳Ӣڵ쳣ڻ
Ҫμס֮⣬֪ܣȻĻҲס㡣
Ƭ½ԪӤǶĴڣ֮ϻл񣬻۷лɡԭҲֻԪӤΪǶԿЩʿġ
ڵĳѾ˵ע⣬Ȼαɻ˹ȥܱ֤ûһΣԣǱڱ˷֮ǰ뿪ߡ
ܿʹ侲ʵԺħָ𣿡
ԭк֪
֪ʣԭƺܵģ˵ģɵĻ
ǰûԺĲ֪޾֮·ûͷҪԼԭ԰ο֮ǰΪ㲻ܸıʣ㿴ڣѾ𣿡
ͷ֪ˣģ֪ô
ħԼ̲ס£һĿƲסԼˣ
Ҽȥ
ȻҪ뿪Ϊ˲޳ӢĻɣԭͳµڳй˼죬Ȼȥ񷢲ǸԽ˼񣬾ͺƽһ˳ǡ
һһǳ£ȴ޳ӢӦʱͲ֪١
ңϸȥң
޳Ӣܻ˶ųϢһ˶ܵûӰ˻˵ɵ
һƽһľߵſڣ˷š
ʦ𣬵Ҫ档
Ǵɹʦģ˭ŪزʦûҵҲʧˣʦŵǲˡ
޳ӢʦһλԪӤʿķѾаʮˡ
Ȼͷܺķǵĸ֪ĻĶ֪ʵǱżŵġ
û˵ĳɼһӶ޷طˡǣ˹Ŀ࿴ĳɼ֮¡
˼ʱȴ˵˳׽ҩѾӷ˱ʿ
ҳǸƳҩˣõĵô
ĿУ
ԭųҡڵسķǣֱڵص㣬ƽʱһʼֱȷٵ˶Ѿ֮ǲһ·񱼶ȥ
һΪ³ͻȻǲûȷҪȥĵط˾ѡ˸֮ķԽԶԽá
֮һɽ棬ֲ޷ḻҪ˼Ǹȫû˷ķˮء
ʺˡ
ԭѡһɽ忪ųʼר


42

ʱҴҶ, һתۼ͹ȥˡ
ѹԼٶȣΪÿһ, ͵ɽ޲, ʵʵػ˷ḻս顣
ο, ڵħԹԵعڵһǣ˷, ѹͲһһֱȥ, Գһĺ¡
һգҲѹƲסڵӿ֪ʱ, ʱչˡ
ԭ͸, ׼õĶһŵһУϡ
Ҫ, ˵ʿˡ
ԭѽԼĵôڸټһ;ϳڵ츳᰾
㣬ҽȥ, 㲻ҪģҺܿͻ㡣ԼҲ
չشĴŻر, ԭ
ͰؿʼתĹ̡
ˢݻ٣ؽ, ʵһе÷ǳ˳
ڣһأȥͳΪʿˡ
ȡؼ˿˿ƣıѾҡҡ׹ֻһͿȥˡ
ŵѴʹ࣬һӴ˳
䡪
ڵﳹ׵ķ飬͵ر֫ٺ
ţ֪һƲḶֻ́ҪɵܣЩĴͻ˳žع鵽֮С
һһڻҵѭУһȻһµĵ･Ρ
Ҫɹˣ
ڳ񼤵ʱһƵĺӾݳһֱڵʶ֮С
ǰһڣر۾֮ʱѾһ
˳ӿУںˣˡһУΧ۵ڲϵӳðײ˰ӡ
߻һ£ת۾͵̳ϣһͷĿ߹̨ϣվһԣ߸߾е̵
¶ظ˳У˷ܸߺкȻ͡
̨һϤУ̲ס૳游
ţ죬游̨֮ϡ

һ͵ѹ̨
ȻѾˣֵĵӦ£ͷµµ䡣ؿ游Ѫ֮Уǰ

ʹѵ쳤ХУεѪ
ǿҵĺؿڣ޲㻯ҽĳͬ
ɱˣܰ
֪ʲôʱ˫մѪ̨Ѫɺӡ
̨»ЩûмȥʹءһǣĿûһ˿

Ҵ߿ధ󣬿ɳǾ
һҺֽʧؼһš
վڽͷȥʬɽѪ
ô
һɵģ
˵˫ۣȫǻ
ǣŨҵѪζƮıӣθһ󷭽̲סŻ
һжǰһĻʵģһɱ˿ħѪծۡ
㣬㡭
ͻȻĻɱôˣһҪˣô죿ô죿
Уƺԭüԣһ
оʹֻԼƮƮģƺڿƯ棬ţôڿУ
⣬Ưڿзֱϵ嵹£ԭѽ
һɱˡ
ԭðɫ˿ɾȾѪĳƮȥԭҪһߡ
ѾˣֻؿԭȾѪ˿ӵϣȻתߡ
㣬Ҫң
ﱯţԭƶȻ֮ľȴԽԽԶ
ؿԭʧӰġ
ؼ·һ»Ұ֪ȥδҲ׼ȻѾˣΪʲôǻڿƯˣѵӦµظ
һڿƮƮȥһˣҲһҲ𣬻جج֪˶ꡣ
ֱһ죬һնɡ
оһѣͻʲôεϣĻǽ뵽һƬ֮С
ԶƽУһģӰڶ֣Ʈ˹ȥһ΢Цꡣ
޻ʧԣϣܴӳнѳ
˭
Щ죬ȴһʱǲ
ɵСӣҾ㣬Ұ̾һӰ䵭ֲ֧˶ãϿȥɡ˵꣬˳һ¡
ͷУۣΧϤĻȻڱչ֮ǰӦ˻֮С
ˣʧ˰ɣ
ҴҵĵͻȻĿɿڴ


43

ĵһֹ, Ҳӵļʵȹ̣ǰ״̬Һ̬
˽⵽, ״, Ӧɹˡ
, ĵвֹЩҺ̬һСһСŻҺɫδ֪, һҺɫС, ɵĺң
ħ
֮ǰǱԭѹڵһǣħҲͳ˽, Ȼ΢, ȴ洦ɼ
תֻǻҺɫСһӵ, һ˳ž͵֫ٺ
ľҲʱӴ׳ʵħھѭУȻͻʮֵĺг
һ, ڵʯ˲仯ɷɻҡ
𣬹Ȼڲͬն
Լ, ϲǡ
ϲԼʵЩ¿һһԡ
ǵֻҪһ֣ħͻ¶ȻѾ, ɽ绹Ǵڵײ㣬ĸ߽ʿˣСѱѽ
ҵĴţɫĪ˳ȥ
ȫϲɫԭһôʧˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ȥԼɡ
Ҳֻн㣬Ųħɡ
ԭ̽һ飬ĬĬ˳
ôŪԭʵ
ĬƬ̣þз˵һ飬ֻһӰ¡˵ǸӰʵǾһӦøмģ֪ΪΣǲԭ֪ǸӰĴڡ
ԭ˴һⲻħ𣿡룬ŵڵħշħ
һ˵ᵤʱſʼħʱħδš
ϳֵ漣ѾˣһҲɶ
㣬а취𣿡ʵĿǰҲֻмϣԭˡ
ԭɫأһ²ŵֻȽڵħѹס㶯ʱȥʱల¡ڳ׵Ļ⣬һû뵽취ֻˡ
ҪҵǸͷͺˣϾһƳҩӦҵͻƿڡ
ֻϧͷ˾ӣ֪㵽ĸȥˣ֮󣬺δȥң
֪׻ħһ򵥵£ܽסѾ֮ˣ¾ԭϿʩ
㣬ҰħѹסȻҶҶˣⲻҪ𣡡
һɽȴܶãļ尾ѽ޷ݡ
ԭԪӤڵΪȳ߳ףȻ޷ħѹסȴǲġ
ħڳһ䣬½ƣಫΣͷһ㶼ᱻơ
ıƵ֮ʱҲ͹˼ɲˡ
ħ֮󣬳Ŵһͬղһ޼ٴһħĺۼ
ŷ
֮󣬳ĵһҪѧϰС
һڵհ裬ãֻ㲻ܸʵһ̨ףһԸ
ԭһɽ͵ĺ
ɽ˵Сʱͬԭ֮ǰʹùǰѾ޽Сʱĵá
㣬ΪʲôҶأûķ
ĶУķûԴʮֺ档
˭˵ûУԭЦؿҾͼһƬŽϷɣھƺ«Ϸɡ
а
ˣΪʲô˶أŷɲǸ
ԭص绹磿
ԭˣ
ͷˡȻݡ
ɽĴˣѧƽҪ࣬ѧ֮󣬲շеš
ԭ˷ܵϺߺͣвɸ̾ǸССӰѾӥˣڵħӦÿһɳ죬ǰ·δ֪
ҲļϾᣬûмǴĻŶʮ꣬дѵʱ⣬Ŀܡ
ѧк󣬱㲻پǰƬɽ֣ɳȥϸ죬˵ʮŻ
ԭûжӸ棬кӦȥؼ䴳ֻҪȥǾС
һγȥʱȽϾãһ²Żԭһʲ֪֮иСɳǣεȥˡ
һͼ½ͼϸѰңָͼһСԭ
㣬ڵٶȣɵҪã


44

ָĵطڲ½ĶϷ, λƫֹʮǧ
ԭͼһ, صһҪȥ𣿡
ǳĹ, ɷһͳ, Ǵ߳ġ
游һҽΪ˻Ȩ֮, ΪƷ֮ǰи, ѩޣֻһƽ
Ȼƽʱ˵ԭ֪һֱ¹γ, ȻʱҲħˡ
ԴͷϽĽ, ľȻܵӰ죬ԺҲ衣
, ԭȥ˽һγϣֻƲסԼĵı壬ɱ
ַͼϣվһҪȥ
ش̼ᶨ, ԭ֪¶ˡ
Ǿͺúɣ㵽Ҿȥ
Ѿ, ٶȣҲѡ
ԵЩԾ㣬һΪҲȥ
ԭΪʲôҪ, ԼԼȥ˽ᣬûʲôѽ
˵òˣҾ֪ˡ
ԭǰѾ߳һͷɵľٶ˳ǣôҲʿˣע󡣡
˺죬ԭǰûˣҲ̫⡣
˹󣬳ͻζˣȻԣΪʲôھȥ
Ҫôãһ춼ˡ˵ˣһ֮Ҳȥȡɽ˳ߣڵΪȫˣΪʲôҪȵܳУ
ԭ˳һۣ֪سܾ֮⡣
ڵΪϵҪʱ䣬ȥѵʱ䣬ԭͣһ£ʵ޼ġ
ԭˣΪΪ̫Ͱ
ȥȥˡ
ܴԵ֮ģͷ
һŬǿ֪ģ֮󣬳㡣
ңҲһζչ¾ͳȥʵս顣
˲Ŀǣæ͵УƿʱͰŪЩֲĳһĵһ¯ҩش
ȻֻĵҩĲƷƷһƷԵһɹ˵ֱҫ۴Ŀĳɼ
ԭ£ŲƳĻشϲʱϲʤ·һԸ
͸񿴵һ˵Ӱӣٶ֮ǰÿγɹһҩ֮ʱҲĵϲá
ã
ʱг֣ǻҲҲ̽
һ²ŻȻ䣬Ϊڴʱ֡ƺûзԼʶлһ˵ʶԭҸ˹ȥ
ħ棬˫һһܴţԭã̶̶ʮʵǷḻʵùͷˣ֪Ժߵһ
óԶŵ׼ԭͲǵĶͳһǰ
ĳ;棬ĶǡӺ
͵ѾʮǰݱλǵĻޣΪʮһˡ
游꣬޾ͻеľ֣Ǹϵλã֪᲻Լǿʯأ
סеĳ嶯ȵҹĻ֮˻ʹ
ܻʹнɭϣԷ˵֮ڽࡣ
֪ڹǵĸλãȴѰҡλʹʲôֶıģһǻȻȻػصĵط۵ڡ
죬鷿Ȼƻͨڳɶѵİ֮Уʱŭʱϲò
йǰ棬£ǲҹˡ
ÿһۣϷѾʼ꣬õ˻⣬ϲã̬ҲͰࡣ
ͽɡ
ĳֻҪʲôֵԸӡ
ϲϲŮɫ֮ˣһرϲ΢빬гȴӣ˼ɣԼ¡
Ĺܴٳ裬ͽ۾ͷˣҲҲˡƫȻ빬ʱǫֹͣסŵ۰
ҹŮһյ࣬С̫Գˣ͵ǰ
һ߳ԣһʣﻹ˵Щʲô
ŮŻӣҪǱ𣬾˵²Ҫ̫ͣر塣
ЦЩ
Ůôġһֲȴʮɣɼϰʻ
ۼھͽ꣬ʰȥŶŵĹŮȥɣ޵һȥ
ŮӦһǡϲ̵վȥϢȥˡ
ֹ˴ʱ۴깫£׼ǰǧȻ鷿һİ
Ҫȥ


45

һ˵, ͻأس֣ڿ鷿лصš
ʹоȻˣ
ֱӵķӦ, ⹴, ı, ս˷õذףȡ
˴󵨣, £
ɫ˵̫ࡢǵĺ, ЩҲĴ澯裬˭֪Щ˵ûͬ
ʲôң
ｫɸѡһ飬û, ͦΣ, һҪնݳʡЩʱʱա
鷿Ĵǰ, һӵӰƾճ֣ѶĽ޶á
һ߹һжûУǰ̫ࡢȴ÷·еڲϣһ, Զ
ȥȥֿѽ, ƽʱһǶ˵ĹԸΪѵֻ˵˵ѣ
ºͽЩȫ, Ҳ塢޵µūţʲôã
ʲôץסѽָ˴ۣɱǧ²׽һ򣬷º
֮±·ͲЩ˲Ķ
Ȼһ۾ð⣬źų˹
ƲƲǣ첻һӣЩֽƬһ㵹ȥ
д󺧣ֱδţֻд˵еɲӲͷƤָӵֵϣֻһˣߵһ̣
һȥǲʤ䷳ָڿ㣬Ƭ֮Щľżһ㽩ԭ޷
ڳе˶Ŀɿڴδ˷˼ĳ档
ȻعΡΡغȥʦ
һֻйʦĸ˲ܶԸ
Ҳֹȥȱɵطֿˣ鷿档
ϣһ۷ӵϣžһľ
£ʵ۵ζôã㲻ֶҲҪλá
ɫףָӣ㾿Ǻηڴ˴ʴʣӣܵӻڮٵģ
Ӿ׽֣ǺǵЦޣʲô
۴ŭԴǻѾʮû˸ֱˣ˲ȹʦˣһҪԭΣɻ
Ȼ㲻Լ㵹˵˵㾿ǺŬʱ䣬ȴʦǰȼݡ
ǹ˶£ǵʮǰĳ𣿡ص
ʮǰô죿
ڤ˼룬һŻȻ
˵Ǹıȵ۵ҽ޼ˣı汾壬ǰȴˣѵǾ㣿
ϸӣԽԽٸǸҽмƣҲ൱ǳߵǸӡ
ʮȥˣ벻Ȼһ
ӣҲǳ΢΢¶ɫڼˡʮ꣬Ѫծûˡ
֪ǰ˷۵߰ͷȻѾ˳ȥΪʲôҪͶ·㲻ߣ㴳
վһ⵽ǰ˵ˣûйϵǸӦµˡ
һƬֱʱ޶ԼˣͲֵһᣬĻλð׹Ƕѻɡ
ĸӺ۲ߣǰȴѹȸʮ㣬ŲŲӡ
㡭ɫسʦϾҪϵˣ߻üȻĻֻ·һ
νص£ѵһʲôʦ尾ʮ꣬ɲ㼸仰˵ġ
֣۵Ĳӣޣ游ʮ꣬㵽ȥɣ
΢΢һſ࣬͹˳
۸оԼѾ޷ʱ򣬳Ȼɿ֣һӿ۵ķһ̰شںһ
㡭ס֡ŹޡǮơλʲôӦ㡭۶϶صζʵ̫ˣһΡ
ͼĲЩ
Ҳ⣬ոɱȴ;֣̰ͣͼĺôʲô游𣬲ǴӣԵԼʦѡ
˭ϡ䳰ҲԣЩҲװ±Ķˡ
кȻȻζǸϽȥͽϵĺã˷ʱֵ̫ˡ
һμϵ۵ʺ
һû;֣ͣҵҶؾûϢ
ӵϣŴ죬ǳ٣ֻһˡ
Ԥ֪Ľ֣֪껹᲻ľȨƵԣ»ǻİɡ
̾һ˿ûбϲãġһ˲˲ؿڵϵۣȷߡ
ڴʱһɫװŮӷɿس鷿ֱ⧲֮£ȻײõĲ
¡
װŮӱۣʹ顣


46

װŮӲǱ, ۵ĳ
Ŵۣĵò, ڳ̫ࡢ޲ͬ, νһһ, ۼݱ֮󣬲˭ǻΪ, ͷˡ
۾һ˿, ؿһۺοر۾
һ̣ٻһ˶ʵ⡣
, Ҳɱ, ӻ׼뿪
Ϊú棬һŮ˾Ȼôײ, ֮ǰ࿴һۡ
һͿˡ
ȻǸ޵滨꣬ױݲһ۾ϳ˭
ᣬôһ
ľйһβľ, ֮ûôҲ벻Ȼܵ˹
̧ģ˫, һϳǰһӡ
㣡һɣڵϣжݵָųڵص, ɱģͽҽˣɱҷǼҺѽôֱСˣ
°ͣﵹһҵĹ¯ˣ֪ĻΪǸӲб֮ͽ
ˣڽɷķϣ¾Ͳƽˣʹɡ
ɲΪжĸ飬˸ԩͷˣһĹ򣬷мֵס
ιôˣվס
תߣȥȴֲңؿ棬ʦô
Ѿߵ鷿⣬׶˻֣ټˡԣҲ
һȵˣ´㲻ƽϵǽ¡
ɽһԾȥŷɽߣ¸ӣˣˣеǣҡ
·ˣ
֪˭һ֮⣬е˶ڵأǵľη
Ҽٰƭˣ
һĺǳ⣬һӰϯ
Դϳᣬͷһ֣ᶼˣ廹Զ𣿵겻СĳĿôٻ᷸ͬһ
ŷɽѸٵתһգ۹͵ǰΧ岻òջسޣ鵽Լϡ
ѽôˣһΪҪڲһأ
һöɲһССʿܳܵģ岻סɹм
ʹرԺһȫ񱻳˰̣кŨ
ȻԼ㳢ҵܹĿ࣡
嶸Ȼ֣һѺɰϮš
Ůˡİ
γϵˣȻ⣬һֱľٶһ̧֣ͷٵغˡ
ɰһգ׷ӿ䣬ϵľ΢Ӵһ㣬ͷ׷׿ή
ͫһŭҲ̫ˣôෲˣ˵ô죿
һװʲôʥˣ㲻ôܵʹɱˣɱĻǾ֮ĻʵۣɱЩūֵǮˡ
ֻɱɱ֮ˣ㲨޹Щˣֻʱʧȥ˵ǵ
ߣòȻαСˣ
öˣһ£ȴ˶Ż£α
첻ǶֵģɼȻǲ֪ôǾ͹ֲˡ
ǵͷð𣬵תɽ壬սһ
Ķܿ͸еѹ鸴ӵؿųҲˣ
Цʲôֵģֻ𣿡
ҧûǴĻǰǳʱ㣬СΡԵŸոãͬٶȿˣȴ죬Ѿˡ
֪ǰѾ㣬²Ҫ̼÷
ĳѾֵܵˣ˸ֶΣȴǱѹס⻹ڳûȫ£ҪȫСˡ
Ȼĺ޳ûҪֻһѵҪô
ỹû޷УֻڵϹսԲУļ٣ʦôû
һϣʹһһӷɽϵ״æɱȥס
㣬ҪҪŵز鿴˿ڣֻһˣһ㻹ҪҪŮôص֣
Īɽʲôʱй˵ܴŮˣ֣忴
죬˵ȥҲ򣡡
ᵱ죬§㣬ףǴִ򲻹ôѽ
ʱƮһƣһŸûȴ̽ͷ
˭۸˵ƶƶȥ
ᡰۡؿ޳ʦˣúòѽһҪѽ
±˺ˣʦƺһϧнѣȥһܣƫº˰ɣ
סʹʦ־Ȱץס˵ġ
ԶԶԣץ˵
ʦ˳ָķ򿴹ȥȵ˴󵨣Ҵɱʵ۱£
ڷɽ֮ϵĳ֮󣬲ɴʧɫô㣿㻹û
ʦҲǸ֣̤̾Ьٴȫѹһˡ


47

ʦ, 񣿡
ʦĴмģû, Ҳ̤ɵĵ·, Ц˼ʵ⡣
ʦľлع, ´ųзĹ, һ˺ü, ǰͻȻһḻĴ͡
Сӣҿ
͵س֣˳˼вʱҩ, ȻͦˡΪһǧ, ѾˣһҪúоһ²С
μԭ, ֪ڵܣΪѵʦĹʦҲŰѻʵɱˣһҪץҸʵ۱ô죿ҿɲҹ
ѽ, ˵ʲôãҪɱʵۣʦԹ, óԼ鷳ˣתһ룬óѻʵɱˣȻһӶ֪¡
Ҳʲô˵, Ҹ˵˵»СС»ˣԺΪ󣬴ɱɱ಻ÿ
˵ţתͷʵ۶ˣҲûˣǸϽȥ¼Ұɡ
һ⻰Ե˷ңʦʵ̫ˣ¸ողżݱˣĶϽ¼ң»бƵ
ʦһǰԼϹϾʲôҲԼô񲻽һ㣬Ǹæȡ
ȻҪǾò˼ʵؼҲԣûҪˣûн÷Тĵ
仹ãһ䣬;˿۹ӹˡ
̲סԹؿʦʦǱƻڮҵ´ҶأұȻҪΪؽڵġʦϿ콫£Ϊ±ѩޡ
ؽҪصģϰףضãǾͿˡ
ʦ֮ʲô𣿡
֮һĽ飬ʦ۹ⲻͼıعĶʦ
ʦԴΪͬ˵öԣͽ£ǿɲٽǡԸԸ⣬о͸˵
¶óѵЦݣȻʦ˼
Ŀ˶񶾣ʦԪӤʿɲܴʦѡ
ڲѣֲǲ֪Ůݶﻹ飬һʡ¡
ʦƮ庢һ˵СӣԹԸȥڣû˸Ϊ㡣
﷭˷ֻۣҲ˼˵ɿڣ浱ƭ
ʦŵùģŮŲɣߣ뿪ʹ֪ʲôҶ㡣
˵꣬ɽɿԭԼϵĵط
ѽ
ʦ߶ƣڳ棬ϢĹ׷ȥ
ʦ̫࣬ԶЩ
ʤ֮ģȻ֪Լʦ⣬ȴ䡣Ӵɽһ㻮Ļɿݡ
ʮﳤͤԭԼĵطܵ˸ûʦˡ
ףСû죡
ʦͣһ뵽ҩ͵ĳɹԳԽڱصá
һǰһӺǡ
ʦĿΣδʹȫֻҧ棬ʹԼȫȥ
һг»һȣֱȥ
㣬ң
ʮﳤͤǰ
ʲô鷳ŮӵΡ
鷳鷳ѽú޹治°
ʦʱֱ£ǵõ걻ǸŮ׷Ŵ顣Ҫÿ죬͵ܵظˡ
úǰתͷﳷ
ɽĹɲŷȵӺǣ淲˶಻ʤҲÿһº
ԭһ۾ϳдϲħĻϣôѡ
ͷܣȣ
ʦһԲܵøˣȺ֮ѡԸȡ
ƲԳԷƣ
ԭЦһһݹ⣬ͳʦǰ
ѽôˣ
ǸûܣͻȻ򼱣Ҹط¡ʦΣѵĿܣˣ
ʦ֮Ա˳ΪˣſڿӵıҲһԭû뵽ûûƤܵز
ð죬ҸҸط⡣ԭҲ޳һѡ
ãֲˡ
Ů˵Ļһ䶼ţҲһھܾ
ɲ㡣ԭгһڽɫҩڶ׼ʦȥŰɡ
ԭдʣʦֻüһͱҩ֮С
ڽҩԭǸۣķʱԭнɻġۻһЩϡпʯȥҩģ׼ᵤʱ͸
ʦսȥһҩι̶̳ȣܲܽסһԪӤʿ


48

ԭ̯, ҩСϷ
, Ǹҵ𣿡
֮ϲ, ȥҩ, ոһо˿˿, ȫ顣
ѽæ, һ۵ؿҩ
ҩһҪٸһ£ᵤ͸㡣
ԭҩ봢Գ, 뿪˵
Ӻв֪ûʿ, ոճʦڿ׷ĶֵñȽϴǻЩ뿪Ϊ, ñ׷ٵ
Ҫˣʦǳǵŵͨ
˴ҴȥͶ뵽ҹɫ֮Уһֱ߷, ͣϢ
һɽҰأ˾, ԭʦ˳
Ӵɰƻˣ
ʦ̰غţĿɱˡ
ԭһڵӣƻ, ƲƲ죬㵹ǻܵȥ˹ʦ֪㺦ˣ
ʦ첻صҿòѾˣʲôҰ
Ȼڶûɱ˵ǲҪʦһ㣬ֱͦ塣
ԭŭԼҩ֮ʲôӦ㲻֪𣿡
ʦһ޹ҩЧʱѰһ㣬ȥͺ𣿡ָų㿴ڲǻʲô⣿
ʱԵҩƷ᲻ɹظıҲûеףڳúúõģ˵ҩû΢Ķһ䷽ЧĹ̲ôʹ͸ˡ
ԭɫһ治֪ǹװɵ
ҩߣ䷽Щҩû˱Ҫǲҩĺ˭
ʦһأ˲ͻȻ裬εȱżҺ롣
Ƭֻ֮ʦһĺףһ֪ˣ
֮󣬾ϵĴҷɡ
һĿ⿴ųҿôùɣ
Ϊһλħҩʺħ޷õҩݡǰǰƳüͬ䷽ϧÿһλҩ˶ʧˡ
ΪҲˣµ䷽ûнչ˭֪ûɹϲ֮¾Ͳ˼ҩܸ⡣
˿ԭͷӰ¶ʦ㿴ɡнһԼලҲˣ
ʦֳһڣһų̾Сӡ˵Ҳã˵ҲôˣҲ
ħһ壬˲߻ħǾѣƫúúõģܲ˵Ǹ漣
ջأʦ˵ôɡһӡ
ʦЦҲǵһôҲ֪
᲻֪θߣ˲˵
ԭһĵضԳȻ֪ܣûа취ƽ⣬ǾֻС˸ĨӵĶɱڡ
ͷ˵е˾ڡ˿㶯ְɣҸѷ硣
ԭᡱһγʦͷȥ
ʦͷأյضһͻȻͷವģһͷͺһ顣
һԲϾҪʦŵòɢæһصа취а취
˵ʲô취ԭһʺϣЩ˾ײĲᣬͲʵ
ǸȰÿȻҲ˵²Сĸƺʦָָ⡣
ߣ˵ôϻ
ԭ˷ʦƤѪ˳
˵˵
ʵԭҲû̫ŻΪʦȴҽ
Ȼһû뵽ķҩƳģû˱Ҹ˽ҶೢԼΣܻ취
ԭɣʦϾƳҩˣڵҩľ츳ӹɵģԭһء
Ǵ͸ǣİ취֮ǰһ뿪ԭ˵꣬ƿ˼ϵĽ

ʦողһԭ˵ڰУʲô
ԭɨһۣ֪˳ϵܣô㲻й¶ȥ
ʦ㶣û⣬ħ޵޲û𣬲⻰˵û˻š
ôεʵ
ɣ㷢ħģѳй¶ȥⱲӾҲܳɹҩͽ׵ĵҩܡԭص
ʦһѪҪһҩʦħģ׺仹Ҫݣ
ô㲻Ը⣿ԭ˵еĽ
Ը⣬ô᲻Ըأ
Ʊˣʦֻԭ˵ķħġ
ȵأЦļ򣬡ͶʵҲûɶõġǺúģкö벻أ
ϴؽʦһߣβ⡣
Ҫְʦ
ʦĺۣһ뵽Ա߻ԭֻ


49

֮, ˻صǴԭռݵɽĽ, һһǰ뿪
ط, ôõĵطôǰû˷أ
ʦһ, ޣɽԴսѷĽ, ûռ⴦ɽǼ˷ѽ¡
ǵȻ, ۹ããһ˲һ, һ˾֪ˡ
²ʦȥΧι, ɽֲһȤ
Դ, ɽаԶиԵҪæӹ÷ɿ졣
һǼȥˡ
ѾʮˣΪವشܵ۷壬ʱпܽᵤ
, ʦЩ飬ȫʧܸ, ڵħȻڣΪ߻ǿ
ԭһļǵشߴʦóһҪͣýᵤʱ޷ӦԵ״
ʱͳħ, ᵤ֪ʲôࡣ
ȫʦѧϰҩļڽڵ˺ΪĲ⣬ʦˮƽ޼
Ҳϵɽ絤ʦİμ˭óڵħû취
ʮ꣬ΪҲѹƲסˣֻ֮бչؽᵤ
ᵤйȻգڱؾصħܵʲô̼غռ̣߽嵱սػһ֮ãĲʤա
Ľ𵤱ȱʿһֻռɵĵ̣ʣµĳɱħռݡ
ųһ죬һСڵĽ𵤣ԭʦĬˡ
ƷչȥȵӤʱħҪռλ
Ȼʦħ޵һͬʣԳħ޵ûôϵûͻƣҲʮִܡ
ʶһλǰʶ㣬Ҳлİ취ǲȥһʦ
ô˵ԭصһۡ
ʦЦһԭΪ취ģ˵ˣ²Խ֪Խ𡣡
ǭ¿ҲԼѽ
λǰʲô飬ɿɿԭʵСۣһǸɿˣܽ⣬ɱ֮
ǲõģҿ֤˳Сӵ⣬ҲԲй¶ȥ
ʦԴʮ㣬ôһŷˣλǰĪ
ʦôаգ̲סġ
㣬ҪȥԿ
ԭҲЩ⶯ӦȽԷĵϸ˵
Ȼ˵λǰʶ㣬Զ֪Ĵɽң
ʦһ¡
ԭĳɿʵʲô˵𣿡˵νǰ൱ˡ
ԥƬ̣ʦҧҲ޷λǰסڱչȡ
չȣ
ԭһչڲ½ǣħ޾ۼĵط
ʦҩΪʲôħݣͺܺˣΪһֱħᣬҩ˵רΪħƵġ
ǡԭҧгݵص˲ǳ
ûиǿҩûкһ鷳ˡħ޷õҩøͨ˳ԣʲôû
ʦ֧֧ᣬɲܹҡǳСԼҪģ֮ǰ߹Ը
ǿ̬ȼҲҪҩˣ᲻˷ѺòƳҩأСܳԵǿҩϱӻ˴£ĽħҲûʲôˡ
㻹ˣԭŭ
ʮ꣬СӲ£һ˻£
㣬ͱʦˣȷԼԸġ
ԭŭɶæʦֱ硣Լѡ񣬺ԼеʱܵǻȻĻƾʲô쳤ؾõվԭߣ
ǷˣʮͷͣѾƣ޿ܰ߰ףʼ;ÿ¡
ߣͰɣԭ޺޵صһۣȥһ˰ǵĸо
㣬׷˹ȥ
ʦںֱҡͷŮ˾鷳
ԭϸʦĽ飬òͷǲҪȥչǸħ˵ĺáĻħѸ٣˱չħŨĵطħø졣
޿޲ɣֻҪܴԭߣﶼνջ᲻ħֻҪԭʵ̫⡣
˼ɽУżȥѰһЩϡеҩ뿪Ƭɽ
ɵ˵ʱǺܺô򷢵ģ֪ʮȥѾʮˡ
뵽ں󣬳ٶȷһ㣬ʮСΣո޵ڡ
ͻƳڱϵʱ򣬳ĽһЩ仯ںɫƽɫ
ʦǱȻûкϢ
ԭסˡ
ȥչȣȥչȣƺôѡնܴԭ֮С
ν㣬㿴ڲǺúõģǰûʲôͬɼħһµ£ͲҪ̫ˣ˳Ȼͺá
ԭҡͷ̫ˡ
ȻħҲħμѹżĿǰɵռϷ磬˷ħޣҪø˺³
ѵһӶɽ
ŵӻãһҪ뿪ģǸʱָô죿
ԭѶʱһ°˾ġ


50

, ԭھһˮε׹ͻȻ⣬˲ߵ¶Ȳ㽫Ƥˡ
׹ԭ, ǵγ
ζ, һֱѰҵĶµˡ
ҪѰĶһƬ, ڲ½һƬѾҵƬ, һƬҲ, ̲ס鼤
ԭʶ̽׹У׹вһ̵Ķָתһ֮, ָ
ԭ׹Ŀ, ˳ָķĸӦԺнһֵɽ
ֵɽȡԭһʱ뵽Ǳչȡ
ʵɽȺܶ, ǵطһǱչȣѹ꣬뵽ľǱչȡ
ô꣬ҵ¾ĵˡ
ԭʹҴչһʱ, ҳغǾͳȥչȡڼԼ°źãҪʱæҡ
Ȼչڱ, Ϊȥչħ޾ۼҪһԲϴ֣ûʿֱûе
ʦνԭ򽻵, ʱǺͳһ
·ʶʲôʵ㣬չΪ˳𣿡
ԭͷǡ
вᣬϴӤͱչ࣬λ񻨵ʱ϶࣬ʿ˵£ֻõıչؾǣǻչ˺Լ
Ƕһ𵤣һԪӤֻҪȥǻʿԱûġ
ǣԭֻǲҪǣ͹ҵĴš
ʦ߳ӣЦոضѣֲ𡣡
̾˵ҲͺЩҩݻһӰɡ
ʦ죬˵úܶƵģ˵ˣúͲҩһҲûʲôãٲЩĶǵķ¡
ԭչ˶ãſػ˶ãȻƸĶԭԽԽƽ͡
¼֪һֱڣͺܺá
ʮ֮ԭƹض绪˿ǳ
ϲӭȥ㣬ڳˡ
ֳ֪Ѿɹ
ʦһĽǼʣһĶǹ̥Ѿ˳ԾˣȴСһ˵ͻ񣬺үǼݣкͨ
ԭųѾʮˣǰСӣϲŭȫдϡ
ͷʮȥˣǱ߽չôԭʡ
ʦ֧֧ᣬƺٹͲˡ
ԭͷˡҲûϣˣôһʶѡ
ȥ׼ɣǰչȡҲֻаϣڱչǱˡ
չڲ½ϣΪԴѷħ죬ڸŵǺ޼ֵĵطĬħ޶ռ졣
ҪʤҲۣ͵ʤˣʤɹҲȲϸĴۡ
ԣôòãʱǿֵֵ
֮ԭһ˵˱չȵĳڡ
ڲɳǵĳǰΡֻһʯݳɵĸǽſħ޼ʿ
ԭ֣չʵǲֹ޽ģ߹ĹѾĸ޽ˡ
չԴ࣬ƷֵһԶƷͨŵúܿ˵ǵħ˲١ʦ͵
ҪЩʲôħ޺͵Ĺͬʲôͨĵط𣿡ʵ
ʦЦħ޵ޣ˵׶ˣΪĹ֣ûɶͬ
Ϊ˲ע⣬֮ǰԭΪѹ˽𵤺ڣһ˾ʦΪˡ
ŵħ޶࿴ʦۣӻ͸Ƭȥˡ
žȻҪǮ
ķʱ˽ǷѣȽħǴ󷽶ˡ
һչȣԭ͸оȫëƺպԷħϮ
ҪתȻ
ʦǣչȶΣѾһЩšԼһˣͲѹˡ
ҵǾͦģô˵أһָһĸоûʲôס
ɫ糣û˵ǣħٵתţηη֮⡣
Ͳˣ˭Ҹȣ
ʦһۣʱͲҪԽ˰ɡ
ԭۺǵؿųû⣿
µľŨħʹ£ƲԼ
ģҺúõģһⶼûС϶ػش
ȷûɶ쳣ԭԷġ
ﲻ˾ǿȥλǰɡ
ԭȰ£˽ٰԼ¡
ΨһԱչϤһľʦˣǰ·
Ǹϣ߶ˡ


51

չ治ɽ, Ǹ͵Ĵ䣬·Ϊ, òĻ, ·ҳ
Ľƽ, ôصɽʯɣ򵥶
ԭͳʦ, β֪˶ٸ, ϡ٣ԽԽû
ڳʦǲǴ·ʱһߴĻɫʯͻأسǰ
ʦͣסŲ, ͷԶ˵, ˡ
ʯſվ˵, ǰ
˽أĪ롣
ʦһƴľƣ˵ʱı̬ȡ
ǰԵȣҽȥͨ
ʦ߰ͷһǰ˵ģ, Ե˵ͷȥɡ
ƲƲ, װûͦ
ſڵȺʱԭʳʱ·һƲܣڹϡ
ħޱصĵط, Ȼʦ˰ƱǻûףСΪϡ
˵ͷСģˡ
ȥͨͻˣһĻһħޡ
ħ޿ȥʮ꣬ο࣬ò˷ֻڳħɫдڣ˾䰵
ʦˣ
ħ޶ʦ𾴣ȻԼǻΪʦȴơһֻȵΣڿԭͳ֮ѹ
ʦħ޵Ĺϵһĺá
ߣδһ򰲺ãʦغ˺š
Ǵĳħ
ԭ벻ħ޵һս֮Ƶĳħ𣬾òˡ
߿ԭͳʦ:λǣ
ʦ֮ǰõ˵ǣ:ҵĵӣδ۽硣
ħɶ࿴һۣʦƢ죬ʱ̫ףȻҲյͽˣֻ֪˼Ըģʹֶǿȵġ
ʦһʦļӣô£񣡡ֶԳЦŽ͵һֱɽУ˴ǵһγɽͷԵģĪ֡
ЦʦˣҿλСΪףʦͽ
̸ԭվԱ߰ʹɫߴʦϿ⡣
߽ʦһȥʦʵһɺã
۹ⰵ˰̾ӡʦеʵʦãʲôϢ
ʦ˵Ϻûȼ˷˵ɡ
ԭΪʦ˵λǰǳħڿȴӦλŶԡ
Ѿ꣬ȴΪ𾴣֮ԭɶλصķڴ
߽ԭͳס£Լȴʦ뿪
ȥ֮ʱԭʦһۣҪ⡣
ʦصһۣʲôô˻벻ʦ𣿴
ԭΨΨŵŵʦһˡ
ʦ뿪󣬳ԭǿ϶ȥǸʲôˣǲȥǵڸʲô
ԭΪ߶ĵط￴ȥƺû˰أʵȴû·Ļȥ߲˼Ҫ·
Űɣ߳Ժת˼Ȧûʲô쳣Ҫ˵ԭΣǰȻһ䣬ɵ֪ðǰҿ·
С̽һֻţ̤ʵ˷ŷһֻǰ漸ߵ˳ȴ״һ䲻̤գ弫ٵ׹
ٳķɽȴɬͣ޷ת
ڵħҲܵӰ죬㶼
޼ƿʩ֮ʱһϸ
վصʱǰľֱԭӡ
ԭЦЦؿ˵˲Ҫߣƫš
߲֪ʲôʱһħޣ˵û¾ʹҪߣﵽл󣬳ºԸ
СֱûߣԺ˹䣬Ūôصģǲصб𣿡
ħûصһۣ˵Ҷ˵ˣ¡˵꣬ٲһۣȥ
ԭСЦ֪˰ɣ
װûҶҾһصбȻ˭ﻹôӣ
ԭͷҲд뷨ҾǱء
˽һλԽеˡ
һֱȵƵʱ֣ʦŻ
Ѿͷ˵ˣͰѳСӴȥʦһϢ
ԭֱüҪһȥ
ʦΪѵ˵ģͬСӣȥ²ʡ
ԭ֣һǼҲǼȥ˵˵һҪֳȻɰһˡ
ֳ˭֪ǸЩʲôѾ鷳ˣپһ㲨ۡ
ʦεðɣȥ˵˵ ҪǷͬ⣬Ҳû취ˡ
ֹ˺һʦˡ
ôȲʵ
ʦа첻ɵ𣿡ʦԴޡ
ԭ¶ЦݣһоͿˡ


52

ʯݵĺһСһʯ, Ƿľ
ӣħͷΧڲ輸ǰ
ħһ, ԼǰǱȴ˿
Цô㻹ǲϲƷ
ħЦ, ԭǸ, ֹѵζĶͲ
ЦЦ, ˵ϲòͬ, Ҳǿ
ָ֣ݣԵùؽڸִ, 豭Ħһ, ǳǳਡ
±ӣ߲ŵӦһС, λŮҲ֪Ĳ㣬ǵôߣԽ֪ν
ĵ˷ˣ˵С⸱ģҲҵԭ, ΪңʦҲҩ, ˵
ħ𼱵ôܹ˭Ҳ벻£˵ˣԼĸԸ, Ȼھ㻹ϣҲѾӣʲô֪أ
Ͳ֮ܳΪ⣬ħҲûʲôõģЩ޲
ҡҡͷڵĵ޶ħĶ࣬ķӦҲ⡣ǲ⣬ʾ˲⣬ŮŰɣҲġ
ħ̫̾Ϊˡ
Ц
ڶһʦԭͳˣɤŴ죬ȥ𣬻ϽѵҪ˼ҵǣ
ԭãʦһ˵涼ǣΪħӣû취
ţȴòˣʦҺʦͺˣ͵˼ٻ
ʦǺЦȻѾ׼ˣǾ߰ɡ
һħ޵Ĵ£һ·˳һСʯǰ棬ħӭ˳
ɡһۣ˵һ䣬תȥ
һ˻ûԭ͸оˮε׹Ȼ͵̧ͷѰ
û뵽ΪҪһҵõĶȻ
̤Ьٴȫѹ
㣬ôˣԭ쳣ʵ
ԭعħʦæڵûʲô뵽ҪǰˣЩ

һˬʵЦҴһʿϣų
ԭһˣȵصɴ۾
ôǾ˵Ĳһ𣿡ʿҲǷЦŴȤ
ǣǡԭ𾪣˵ͷڴᣬһŻָ֣ΪǰǸħޣ˭֪ǡǡԽԽС·𲻸˵ȥ
Ǹ޷ķˣô˵û˵ĻȻֳ㯵ɫǰҲ绽꣬˵𣿡
һʻǶԭ˵ġ
ԭо𵴣ȷ˵Щʲô˼ֻ˳ĻǰȻ˵ǣȻǡ
ЦЦؿһۣĿתϣǸʳҩСѰɣҿ
ߵǰ󷽵ؽ¶Ǿ鷳ǰˡ
һͲ϶ֽ𣿡
£ˣԩ޳ҲûʲôҪ
ֻЩ棬˵ûа㷨ķʲô̽ڵôƽ⡣
õЦζؿһۣСӵĴ󣬵֮Ĳޣ׽ˣʱҲƭ㣬ԼǸö೤ۡ
ͷԣ֪˵ЩǺ⡣
ڷ㶵ʱ򣬷һܵķȫעȥħҪ˿ı
ԶΪȫעУƲ֪ʲôɣȻûκα仯
عǣȫʩΪǣߵķݵ£㻹°𣿡ȵ
˺죬׿еȫԸ
֪˶ãоҪߣŵˡ
ɿ֣оȫԭŵһϢ
ƽħУҸһ¡
ħƵڶͷϣĿ񣬹˺һۡ
һħһμڡ
̽̽ľ
ħֳһ˿ħӳ̽룬ϸϸһһ
󣬵ڲͬʦҲҩĹЧ
ʦףƺЩ˼ʱҪˣҾιһЩѪ̱ԪĵҩҲЩӰ졣
ħͷ˵ͨˣȻô츳ˣôû
ǵĶԻƬ̣ȻʳڵħԶˣΣ


53

ԭһ, Ѹٵؿ⻰ʲô˼Ҳ˳ڵ
˼һ, ش֮ǰ˸, , ǻⲻڵħһ𣿡
ûֱӻش, ص鶼, Ҳ⣬гж̰ˡ
ԣΪԼʱ޶, ֵصһܻãҲûʲô׷󱧸, ֮ʦһҾˡ
£ͻȻЦ, 㻹ܻҲ֪ĻҲ»һ㹻ԸζؿԭһۣǾͲҵ˹ܵ˵ģÿԼ
һ, 㲻˵һ˶𣿡ַܿӦʼնûô˵, Լ⡣
˼ǣڵħˣҲٻܶꣿСʵ
ǡ϶صͷû뵽ǰԸô, ʦһ㹻ˡ
˷ܵؿԭʦ㣬ҿԺúõػȥԺ󶼲Ϊˡ
ԭգգ۾ɵӻûףѾǻȥ⣬Ǹô⡣
ߵǰ֣ص񣬡ȻްҪ⡣
ðɣҾͷӦʣ¶ƣǶȥɣҪúһ룬Ϣ֪ͨǹ
ǣͲˣǡʦԭȥ
ӻ֣£Ҳȥɣһ˰
ħЩǵصˣ֪ͲôӦǵġ
ҡҡͷ£ֻǰЩ飬㲻õģȥɡ
е˶º󣬷һ˹תһȦһȦ
ͣˣ˵Ҹһʲôأͷʣƺ͸ݶֱ񷣬΢΢ţƲסļ
ȥ֮ͽԼ˼ˡոյ˵̻¶ԼԸϧƺûϣоЩܴ졣
ôˣ¶ľŽûлӦ̤ܲʵܾһ᲻뿪
֪Ϊʲô¡
ԭ˿Ҳƽˮε׹ʱΪȣ˵ҪҵĶڷϡ
䱸ɭϣиħ𳣰ңҪõǸأԭȥҲʵİ취зݣʵڲоӲ
ȻĴ㣬ȳ֮ٽУڻװµĺá
ʱܿ͹ȥһ£ʱûٻǣԭͳҲżʦʮ궼ûн⣬ǱҲûָܿд𰸡
ڼչĻ£ħԣú޲ý˴ͷŶֻһȥڵħǱѵޣ궯
ϽֹͣȻԼǱħ޿Ѹ٣Ȼԭϲ㲻ϲ£Ͳ
ĻžԵˣԭͺͳϹ䣬Լղػϡ
ǴĶԱչȵħ˵ֺγϡ棬˫ȡ裬Ҳڡ
ԭСܵĽħ޶Բ̣սթ֮ͽڱչȽӴħ޲ϵϢʣĺһĵޱ޶¡
һֱܵĽˣЩħ̫أԭ˶ҡ
һԭͳӼиմӼлʦˡ
һϢüĿˣȥ
ʦԺǸԼ
ô찡
⣬ΪҪȺܾأϾʦʮ궼ûҵİ취
ǵȻн˵£
ʦԷΪƳ磬ܵġ
ȻôôԼκãԭ
ˡֱдʦƺŭ˵Ļ˼Ϊǵ龫ǣȴڱ˵ģ˺ģ
Լ˴죬ˣԭЦû´Ļ㵱ҩΪɣҪܣõ㣿
ȻһӲķˣܵĳشŷʧϣҪܡ
ʦҲĽˣҩƣΪ˸һĻᡣ
ϧ䷽ơ˲Ϊԭȣ˿ɾûôõˡ
㡭㡭㣬ǲʦ÷ȥ
㣬˵
ҲԭԷ̫ˣ˵ģӦ̬ŵ͵Ŷԡ
Ҳ֪Լôˡ
һѣԭžԼӦڼˣëˣһȻϢ̫ˡ
ֻϣʦҪôСȥ״
ȻԸˡ
ʦһƨ¡
ʲôгֺãҽʶˣ

54

ôˣЦʡ
Ȼж, ֹһʣͳ, ̾ʦƽ
Ǹͽ, ˵, һ˵
ȻǱͽܣûв, ܽҲƽص
ʦ, ֹǲֱ̣ܽҪﵽͷȻֻǼװʦͽװҲҪװ
֪ѿ, ˵, ҲͺƤװ֪ûΣ, Ҳ顣
ҳʮ궼ûнչһ¾ҵ취ˣǲѽʦһݵؿŷ㾿ô, ˵ҳʶ¡
ЦһȱæŴ, ֻһԣɲɻ˵
Ȼ˰취ȻûвɵġʦԴ, ûаգ˵˵
Ц
ڶϣ뼯䡣
óһӣ
˼ȥʵ벻ֵҩܻڵħŴһŹ֮ڵħͿת֮ͬԻתһ
κģȫ֪Ժ鿴ǰ֮ˡ
ɽ˶֪ѵãܶΪһ֣Ҳס
ȴ赭д˵һŹʲôʱ򹦷ôֵǮˣһʱ˵ʹˣ
Ǻɣɵʵ
ô˵ģʦʲôˣбҪ𣿡
ҲǸ˼æֻ̫ͣˣֱͲ˼飡
ǲǺ㣬ȥԼĥ֪ˡ΢΢һЦԭ㻹Ժʦһ꣬ܲ˵ţӵݵϡ
͸ˣκ͸ˣ
УԭǷˡ
Ĵ£֪α𣿡ĳص
ػ˻֣ҲΪҲдҲ˽ѣ˵ʲôġûȥʲôʱҡ
һֱȥʵԭ㣬һ£ҿ᲻ۣΰɣ
ԭûȴص˵š
ʹá˻˻Уԭѽ
ȱ˵̫磬ѹóҿ
ԭأܾ̫ЩϲԵ޹ʵڱ塣
ȽͷβԷһ飬Ȼһһϸϸãһ꣬Ȼûзְ㲻ס
ѵ󷢴ȱԭ
㣬оôˣܲԾԾˡ
ԭӽʱûֲ׵ĵطһ£оʲôԵľͣ
Ź
ⱾдüΪ꾡Ӻ֣ô˹֮ʲôӦȫдܿ֡
ط֣ڵħԸ붯ʱħ˺ľ£ħת֮Ȼ
ϲһɾͿħͬޣٲΪ¶ħա
չħ㣬ؼħȻת̶µʱ䣬ΪȻһ˿˿һС̨׵ơ
ԭ˳˳ˮһϵȷ£С֮ĶȾ֮ˡ
һһ뵽ҪԷ£в˸Сԥԥ˺þãֱȵͻһСΣվ˽㣬˾ġ
ΪһѾŬٶ꣬˶ټ࣬Ҫʹ˷ˣôĿͰˡ
ԭҵʦڱչʱղˣҲȶ׼뿪ˣǸ߻Ǽ
ʦʱĵãջķᣬͷϣ¾˵һҪһʱ䣬߰ɡ
ԭǴţʲôʱ㣬ȥС
ʦʱŲ豭ֶ¡
ǾҪ𣿡
ǣʦǳʱҲ֪ռȥûУԴȻȥ
ȻǾ߰ɣҲˡص
ôУľͲ˵ˣҪи񣬵лʦ
ûҪѵ赭дص
һټ֣ʦҲöȰֻա
ڶ죬ԭͳǰŽյķһ
Ǿ͸ˣĴģлһᱨ֣صسŵ
ߺ󣬷δţԶ
ҲͼıֻҪԺԹҾˡ


55

˱չ֮, ԭԳиɣǣȵȥ, ҰԻѰ㡣
Ҫȥʲô£Ҹһȥֿ, ĥӲݷҪ
ԭ̬Ⱥܼ, նؾܾ, ҪºҪ, Ҳܴû취չ㣬ԹԵ, Ҫҵĺȡ
ΪմҲҪһȥ, һ˶һһܰæءĵص
Ϊǳ, ȥ˲ﲻæҷģԹԵڰˡԭص
˵ˣֻ÷ð, ؿԭһۣ, 㱣֤һ¾ҪңҪҵ̫á
ԭͷұ֤
ŷģעⰲȫ, ȥء
˵꣬ͷҲص뿪ٶ࿴һۣͻ᲻뿪
ԭ֮󣬲͵͵˱չȡ
չڵĵᳵ·˷ľ
һֱȺҹԭʹſڵһǱеС⡣
ͷųʶ̽Ѿޣһźħҹ
ԭŵǸħ޺֮ǰһΡ
Ŀڴϣƽȣ˿ûԭǰ׼֣ͻȻȴоЩԡ
Ѿˣˮε׹ȴһ㷴ӦûУ˵ʲôǼĲƬѾڷˣ
ô
ԭϵջ֣׼ȳ˵֪ǲҪݾˡ
ֵѣȻ˾ͱæߣǺúİɡ
ͻȻ۾Ŵ
ԭתصص֪Ҫҵ¶ˣ
εúܺã֪Ҫʲô£ô֪ģѵѾδ֪
Ŀתһתԭʱ޹ģĝȻ
ϴ͵ĶôԵϢ벻֪Ѱüң¶ؿԭû´Ļ㵽½İɣӰƵĲƬҵˣŻӣ
֪ʲô֪̾ˣתȴΪӢ
͵ؾ֪ҵĿģΪʲôңͽƽȥˣǱǼٵģ߻ħ
ں޳ģһ˶ⶣҪԵʳĥѣһӶİ
ȻºͣЦǵᣬǹûģȻˣǨŭһ޹صС
ģԭаŰɣһ뵽Ͻɵռһ롣
ĻɿȻһЦŲ㣬ˣҪˡ
⻰ʲô˼
ԭֱǰĶŵӣ޸֮ƺһͿԾ֪Ȩʵϡ
㲻ӰƵĲƬڲϣͲȥ𣿡
ȥԭ˳ŷĻȥвõԤС

شĲǷħȻվ˳ϻһˣȻǳ
ħ𽫳ڵϣһ񣬡Ҳ
һԭˮε׹Ϳʼȣ˲ô࣬ܵǰ
ûʲôɣ
ʶҡͷԭû£һֵͷɥҲ֪û£ոշ˸
ָħ
ԭвڿʱˮε׹¶Ƚһ
͵ػͷųħ𣬡㽫ӰƵĲƬ˳ڣΪʲôҪô
ħƲһۣտڲԡ
㲻Ҫú𣬲㶯Ҿͽ͸㣬ôжж
ǺǵЦ۵һ˿ķ
Խô˵ԭĵԽǷŲôġ
ҪʲôôҪչȸᡣ
ԭ˵һ䣬Ȼֳһ˿ڡ
˺һӣԭĬĬسһƬҰס
ӰƵƬѾѪڻһȻֻǲƬϾľǽһǿΪҲСΣ̶ʱ֮ڣѾӽ˽߲㡣
øˣأѵٶһգ
ΪʲôҪԭؿŷ޲ýж˿顣
ȻѾ֪ӰƵƬƾı£ֻҪҪһõõҺβһ㣬ҶʡЩ鷳
ǣӰѾ϶ΪһҲȡˡԭҧгݵص
Ц򵥣ѪˣӰƲͳҪ²ֵĻֱӰȥͣͲġ
ˣѾˡ
ԭ鸴ӵؿŷ벻Ǹ׵ķɾѾģ
ȻһմȾħǿɶᱻۡ
ȻɥĲ£Ǿ㲻ˣ
ԭһӰһε˷ǰץСһסĲӡ
ȡӰƵİ취Ȼֻ·һ


56

˫ʱпܶȡ, һҧ취˵, ѪӰȻͳˡһǧ, һ, Ȼ𰸣Ϳ᲻ˡ
ԭͫ׽, Ӵϵ, Ȼȥɣ
ס֣
ڷʼ۵ʱ򣬳ħͻȻ, һ䵶ڳġ
˷ص, ·ƶԭһЭ
ɣԭһ䣬ɿ
ȿȿȡ˼, ˳
ұ˴˱˴ˣҲвȥ˵Щ¶ǳģ㲻Ȼͺúõģ̰ĺ
Ļַ絶, شԭʹر۾
Ϸû˵, ˳ʵѽ
ǣҲ̫ˣһתضӰƵĲƬͳ, ֻѡһôѡô
һʱ飬ħõųģһ·شȥ
ſ𣿡
ħѼ񣬲ټŭĬŷſ˳
ǻ඼йǣ˭ܲ˵طһ
Һģýһ̫˼˺Ͱ׻Ļһ棬㣬ƺһݣǸ;ʲôˣΪʲôҪ£
ԽԽû֣̿Сԭ䣬㣬뿪ɡ
ƺ뿪ͿԱܿЩ˺£ͽ㻹ǰȻĿİȴڵһ
ԭ߱شӷͳħɨѹеŭųߡ
Զ󣬳ħʷôƶὫСӽͣ
ɵصȻýСӽȥҲˡ
ʦҩ䷽һ鷲ǾԳܲסԵҩģɳˣԸԳظıʣԭֱ벻ԭ
Ͻʱϡּҳһ츳ĺ󱲣˳ŻӵԭȻ϶츳ֽѣôý͸ͣװ׵ض
ħ֪Щ飬Ȼô϶Ҳţжϣûг
ӱչȳѾкüˣԭͳûлǵĶĿĵ½ε
ԭһƬãȻҪɣúͿطϽ縴ȴһ
ߵĳʱ޿̲ì״̬С
һԼ˵ԼһִĺӣעôýƳȥһֻᷴԼԼȵģôѾˣȥͿΪʲôɣ
ɵֵʱԥˣ޹ģӦܵǣҪΪԼȥЩħʲô
ȥ
ܽ
ԺͣطţҪƷ衣
ԼѾħƵơ
кüζ̲סԳ֣ѹʱ򣬳ǱˡħĿ£Ȼ뽫ذƤǣ֣Լʹ졣
ǳĺ̨һ˿Ѿˡ
㣬֪㲻ǹģҲ㡣
ųǿʹοʹԸӣ޲ԼˣͿԲٷա
ǣֲȥϵųصΣѹ
㲻ˣ߰ɡԭĮȻضԳٸĻ˵һ͵ðˡ
㣬㣬㲻Ҫߣʧɫסԭ֣ҪӰҸ㣡ֻҪ㲻ߣҪʲôҶ㣡
֪ҳһѵҵϻ˿Ѫһءо彥ѪһţȻӰأôأ
ˣ㲻ҪٺˣԭһеĵһһϣֱѪֹס˿ϲͣ¡
Ӧңκʱ򶼲Ҫ˺ԼҰô󣬲Ϊ˿Բеġ
ųΪʧѪ쳣԰׵ԭоһԼһĶڷ
ã㲻ٸ𣿡кᣬص
ˣˡԭǿЦ˵
Ҿͷˡ˵꣬ͷһʧȥ֪
ʱʱʱڻ̿УԭǲʱɱʱߣټϽʧѪ࣬ڳŲסεˡ
ʱ򣬷ԼһɽУ˽ƣܴڵΣա
ʼΪԭֻ³ȥˣȻڶе˺ܶԭûлʶԼܿǱԭˡ
ӦߣԼȴˡ
ƭӡƭӡ
һһؿţĵˮһء


57

ԭ뿪֮, Ϊûгʱʱǰ̼ħõ˿, ˼ά
ʼ˼·Ҫôȥ
ϽŮ, ֮½ѰӰƵĲƬ
ƬһаƬ, ɢ½½ԭĲ½, һƬ
ͨڵʱһ, ½ʱ򲻵ʧһһǱ塣
һһǵԵôɵ׾Ҳǰ, ˳á
ʱֵ, ųʦãԼСϿһҩ, ɽҩ׹ɽ²֪˻ȥ
öϸչˣǸʱǲȫº͵Ӳ˼ǿС
𽥺ת, ʶҲõָɢһһǸܵٻ, 
ȫλʱѾȥꡣ
꣬˵˵̲, Է顣
ȫѵһ̣ׯĻӣϲһ֡
ĳҫĿۣԭѡϲʽججǶʱ䣬ȻӦȢ
ȻģҲԼͷʱҲǳһƬģʲôأƫƫʱѹ˵ҲΪԵ޷֡
ǻع飬ԼϵΣôܳڶŮ˽飬ҪǣΣԳòĶĸо
Ϊ񣬻ΪԼĸ飬ܼ޸ˡ
ڳоʵʵĻڻ飬һ޳Сˣ
Ϊ˲Ը̤֮;Ҳԥһڻؾ
ԭ񶼻ǵã뿪̼ҵʱ򣬳ö˵Ҫô²ߣǾ͵֮ǰûͺĹӣҪ̤ţһӶҪٻ
Ȼ˵ˣԭȻ£ͷҲصˡ
֮ǰŴѶӦԸ
þǿ˼ʮ꣬ȵڶôѶʱǴӣ;ƿݡ
ڲϣڵľ
ڡ
Ȼ˵ˣʱܹ
û˵һź
֮󣬴Ѷֻʣţ̼ҵĺ˽Ǿöá
һŴѶ˳ϣ游иϣƽ󣬰Ȼϡ
Ϊײ£ٸȢһϱǷ̼ҵĶ飬ǻˡ
û뵽мôĲۣҳú񻹸ϣҸӵĹϵǼҡ
ѾҵӰƵĲƬȴһƬ˸ͷ
ǲټˣ̲סȥ񡣿ʲôȥ
ֵƬӰƲƬóϸϸذ棬ͻȻðһͷɴƬӣ취ƳһƬˡ
ǹ¼ҹ˵Ļ˵ôˣһ뵽ϽһˣϽͷ
۾ɼչѾ꣬칬һӦһա
λȨأɱ֮ˣŪٻȥƭ֮ܵĳͷԭ붼롣
Լǲ£ּǸ壬ҪܵǣһٱҲ겻
һ͸ܷ࣬Ҳֻһ˵¡
Уܸ࣡
ԭҡҡͷ㡣֪ӰƵĲƬͳںһһ顣Ҫס;Բ֪¡
׸ôأ
ԭ˼ȥҲһȫ֮ߣֻȽ·£ȫͶ뵽УµȻصϽ㡣
ʱһΪ٣еķ½ģ뷵Ͻ磬Ҳֻ޵۷壬׽ٲܵԷ
ϽʱһжǾģвη塣
ѡһʺɽӴ˱ŲһĳС
ȥ䣬һҴҶ
ԭ˳˻۷壬Ѿʱпٷ
ƹض׼ȥһ£ɺͿطϽˡ
һ겻£ɽĸû̫ı仯һʿעĿ
ʼһʦݳƳĵҩƷʱȵŵĻ֣󵤵ﲻ
ҲЩɣûʲôڣֻҪž߲ܣֻһһŮ޵䡣
ǸŮԭΪȴ֪ȥδѰҡ
󵤵ԽԽ࣬û˭õϢλʿͱлͣԼȥѰҡ
Ʒҩθڵĸʿô÷ߣԼɳȥ˵ûһɹ
Ȼ벻ɣǾġɿʼڣĿŵĿ
һ˵ʦΪߣսȴǲеģصĵʦ߸ǵ֪ƽʱĵ¯һ̾ոһƬʿ
һܴʿԼ£Ҳܱ˱ˡ
ǣʿɳȥԸյǣòͻ
λʿȻв˶࣬Խ˵Χ£սˣӵ˱չȣѰħ޵ıӻ
Ϊһ˺ħ޿սô㶼ǿɲ˱ȴʿͷڵš
˵ʿĳֱħıΪľɵķħɿɳ֮
Ǽʱħ޵ıûǵóѡ
һô׾͵õħ޵ıӻ˵⡣Ǹʿֱǵеͽ˵ö֮
ЩţԭȻûۼˣѾ϶Ǹʿǳɡ
ôȥˣСʱϲǣֻ˵ķ˸һЩѡ


58

õ, չȵɡ
ڴʯݵݶ˫Ŀ՝ؿ, һвֵҰݡ
ô͵
ħ֪һԿ˶, ʵǿ⸱, 
ʦڽҪͷΪβȥһ֮
ʦΪ÷, νǽʾ֭, ŻѪھһͽݶһֱǵ˽졣
ɳأ
ΪϧΪУһڷϢ֮, ͷ˵Ҫر, ȴ£ڱչй, 췢˷ָ
룡£С
ڱչȰ׳԰סƵģÿ춼Ҫ߶죬ˣ
Է˸ųħ, ﺬɵ, ӲϾܳɹ
ʦǸ䷽ùͲУŲù
ħüƵ, ȥҲǰ취ҪǷϵʱ
³еĲݾһµЦǷϣô⣡
γͷȰħ𣺡αعȥɡ
ħݶվڷ󣬰βŵֻϧ
ЦǾ͸ˣһٶĻʿƾʲôϧ
ħһǰѻѾվƬ½壬ƽƽˡ
ʱ߳չȣٶĵΧȫˣǵǸӻСʿˡ
ݶб˷һۣޱߡ
жгôˣ֪ԺֻӶ
ȱߣסҽҪһϢ
³ʲôûص
ƽ̬ȣЦռһԣձչй͵á
Ĺͣʲôϵ
Ⱦߣ֪뵽ʲô˼ֲܻһеʣ˵Ǹ;˭
ֲֻ̿ģãʵû˭
ǡǡ𣿡촽˵Ǹ֡
һ꣬һˣһʱ⣬˵ȴϡ
òҪȻҲѣ
һݻһֱչȵڴ
ֻ˵й͵ãû˵գôʲôʳħ
ħҡͷɵ˰ɡ
չȵڣľ׮һ۾գ˻Ϊһٸ
һ£ڴڳԭӰ
෢۾Լۻˡ
һûûκα仯ֻȸʤǰ·ÿͷ˿ڷ⣬һվ˵Ŀ⡣
㡭
ֻüг֣Ѿ
ôһҼޣԭ̾ϢٿҾˡ

ɱ˹ȥţƤһճԭϡ
żһҪߣôģ
ԭ佫һһԹ:ԽԽˣҵѶŪˡ
дܣһûˣûж࿴һۣѵһѣ
㣬㿴ѽұ·ÿˡյԭǰϸǲԽԽˣ
ԭȻϸ˿ͷ:ԽԽÿˡ
ЦˣԺ㿴
ԭ֣ü۽ǣƺҪģ̽
Сʵҽġ૵ص
彩סüԳ:˵ôˣԭҪ߰Ҫĵ߾ǣα˵һĿͱһ𣿡
˵˵ţ۾ͻȻѪһ죬ѹƲסıŰԭļͷЪ˹ص:ÿ춼㣬أ㵽ûģûУ
ԭҡεͷǣò׵΢ƽ㣬ϸص:СʵһҲʱʱ̼̿ǹ㣬Ҳȥ㣬ҿƲԼһ˺㡣
ģһϲǰ֮޷ȫԭ
Ȼģԭ϶صͷŵҺܿҪˣҲܲôˣһҪڷǰҲŰġ
Ҫˣ
ֻһСܿͽʵֱʱѾǻΪһҲʵ
ΪʲôңЩ㾿صȥˣҵҶûҵ
Ҫ𣬳ɬѵҲѾ޵˻񣬷ңɼԺϽлؾۡ
ⲻ𣿡ԭǿЦգһƬˮʣڱչĵ˰ɣ㲻㾡һµ֮𣿡
۽ǣ:֪չмҾľƲ벻ȥһ£
ðǽ첻飡ԭȻӦʡ
ȥǼҾõҽصĺþȫó
Ʊյûãϵ¶˿վƺ
㡭ɡ
áɡ
֪ǾϮˣǾƲ˶κ̬Ȼ
ϾΪǳһ㣬ſϡ
Сѡ
ƺԭڶߺԺص:㣬١ȡ
ãٺȡ
ʱѾڴʯˡ
أ
ͷʹӴ


59

ͻˡ
ôסŷ
ôҪ˭סʵ
ĬȻ, ȷʵԽڵΪ, ½˿ɵС
Ĭʵ, Ҳûʲô˵, ӽƴźܿǾͿϽۡ
һĿ, һɨյ̬, ӵ׼״̬
ûԼʲô𣿡
ҹԭͳʱ˵һЩֵĻ, ʱûüϸ, һҹž׽еζ
ûʲô̫Ѩ, Ŷȶͷеʹ𣿡
һĿ⿴ٺúøһ¡
ԼڣеอﶼǺúõ, ʲôסŵڵħеúúõ, ׼˵û£ͻȻȴɫ䡣
棬гͨ裬, ĵʢˮˮף޷սһҲζţΪͣĿǰ״̬޷ٴһ
ⲻܣǺ˾ƣôͱˣ
ȻѾˣҪΪſܷܹͽϽط꣬ҪʹͣͲǰҲˡ
ţһһ鳢Ŵؼȡһһεʧܡ
ô͵ؿǲĹ
ҡͷҿûǸ͡ٺúûһ£ѵһ㶼ǲˣ
ͷŬػš
ͽһȾƣ˶ȶˣƺַλãʱһ£Ϊ̫ۣԺҲûķӦٺ£ȫǲˡ
ѵǽ㣿
شڳͷһѹʧһ֣ԭΪ
˵뿪Ȳѣʵÿ춼ڼǹԺϽطǰѾ˵ģŬ
ǣпʵף˵ÿһֶţ̫޴ƭһһΡ
ΪʲôҪôôҲ벻ͨ⣬ֻƵĿ
ӦΪã̾⣬ӰƵϢһϽͻᱻͷ֣Ϊİȫ룬ŲϣϽ硣
ֹһδӷ֣ʵ;ʲôˣ𣿡
һϽϵȨƵŮˣ˵
һǰΪǴ˵еȻĴڣ
ǵý£ҪӰƵĲƬһƬںһ𣬽ȥôͽ
һʱ䣬ԭôƭģתΪ
ܽ⿪ϵĽ𣿡
Ϊ˽㣬һҪϽȥ۸ʲôۡ
üǰȻû⣬ʧµΪ£Ҳģ治֪ôźá
뿴дٸ㡣
ãǾˡ
ͷߣĿɬؿʲôȴûʳڡ
ڳͷڤ˼룬Ѱƽ취ʱԭѾ˷׽١
뵱ϽɻͻƷʱҲ׽٣ֻʱǰ˰ʮĵףȴһ˾žŰʮһ
ˣγܵÿһףϽʱ½˿࣬㹻ĥ޷ϼ
׽ɢг߲ʺţſݽԭͷһİٶ½ȻȻ̤ϵ֮·
ԭ֮ͨرգ½һϵ֪һδ򿪻Ǻʱ
֮һŤʱͨԭϵѹ弸Ҫ壬֪˶೤ʱ䣬˽̤ʵصĸо
ŵĵطһߵĮ̨̇°һʿģ˳ֲŴס˻⡣
ιǸģǼǡسԭ֡
ҪǼǣ
ԭϽ磬û˵Ĺأ߹ȥǰûذʲôʱʼģ
һȥһʿЦһһŴ½ģ֪ʲôǹأ
ԭĬȥϵĵǼǲ
Ϊʮŷ̨ĵǼǲϣһ¼ڰٶǰԲ½ʿۡ
Ǽǲϵݾͼ䡢ءɣӡ
ԭǸм۵ʿԲ½ɽɣ½ʱɽѾû䣬ɼ±仯޳һʿܸ󱲴೤ʱٹ⡣
ԭϽм壬˼һ£ûἰЩֻڵǼǲдһ֣ԭİʮꡪ½ɢޡ
Ǽ֮ԭ׼뿪Ǽǵʿס
ǼǷѣʮ鼫Ʒʯ
һǧƷʯ൱һƷʯһǧƷʯ൱һƷʯһǧƷʯۺϳһ鼫Ʒʯ
ʮ鼫ƷʯԲŷʿ˵һ֣еĲＯһ𣬶һ
ǸǾҪʮ鼫Ʒʯôȥԭŭص


60

½粻İٶ, Է˵Ƕ£ϽȴֻǵָһӼ䡣̶̵ʱھֶԷʿԲѺõĹ, ƶߵʵ˲⡣
Ǽǵλʿôһ, ɫʱ, ؾģѵΥ
һǻؿ, һʰ쵵Ĺس, ѹ˼
ԭ͸˵Ϊط̨ˣǻȲŷʿһЩ, Ҳߵȥ, ˮƽ
ոշʿǷɣɡɡ޽ɵȼ, Ͼһˡ
ԭǰϽʱǧ޵˽ɣһеţǰȻὫ˿
ڵΪƵһΣողŵɣƽȮ, ط̨ʿò
ĬĬͳеļҵʯҩϡִһ, ǿչʮ鼫Ʒʯ
еĶʿ϶¶ЦݣһݵƵݸԭ, ˡ
ʮ鼫ƷʯĵǼǷУǿԳ𣬲˵Ļ˭ԸܵƧط̨궼һĵҪ
ԭתߣ˼ͻȻͣסţͷʵҪҽղʮƷʯô
ôȥɽĿ󰡡
ٴӿɽѱҲʵˡ
ԭһٶ˵뿪˷̨
ϽԱԶ½ɱȣÿһξд̨Ȼ⿿ԼУ֪²ܵĿĵء
ԭһ̨һͼ۸񣬾ĶҪʮƷʯ
ԭۼ۵ĶҲֵֻʮƷʯˣҪصǵĻҪʮĴ̨
ĬҵʹѵؽʮƷʯ̨ͨһС
ȻֻһС򣬵ģȴȲ½ķй֮޲Ĳɼһߡ
С뾡һа취ʯܵ㹻ʱ͹ڴ̨һһǿԭվǵĳſڡ
Ӵ̨һһȼĸоİٶˣڻص˹硣
ԭᶨʱ½Ҳڷİ֮£ҵƽԭڵĽƵİ취
ԭڵǽľıԭ֮ɣΪ߹ˣȻ׾ٿԻ⡣Ƭ½ܳңԾ޷ö룬ֻпԼˡԳ
Ҫôأ
⼸Ҳ뾡˸ְ취ɶʧܸգֻнϣڷ
ҲʵۼɣƵĹɣħ෴˵һԴڡ
ħƣ׽仰ĺ壬ͻȻĿһ֤˼ǣħȥ˻ڵö룿
ףڱħ棬ҴĹ֮ԻתҪö룬ǾҪڵתΪħħ𲽽ʴģһͿԼˡ
ĿУ˷ܵʵ
Уֻǡͣһ£鸴ӵؿӴ֮㲻ʹһͷβħޡ
ҽ֮Ҳ𣿡ĵʵ
ĵؽ͵ԭıԭֻ֮ҪţͲܴȫʧǱʴʧȥԣһһ֣ͻҸȼ
ֻҪܼħ޾ħްɣܱûϣĺá
ĿᶨؿŷǾˣҪôϸ˵˵
ȴȱżҰϵ㽲ˣ
ʲô𣿳ɻؿ
ڲ½ǶΪħ޻ǵ޹ϵ󣬿һϽ磬ʹһˡ
ʲôһ׷ʡ
ڲ½ϣħȻìأûһĵزϽͲһռ˾Եƣһħǹ˺˵ö֮
ôذĿ࣬Ͻħôģ
Цһ£ǱһߵĴ½ϣҼһ𣬻ûбȫ𡣺Ͻĵ޸ǿ½˸֡ħ硣
ֻħǶһ磬ȴ֪Ͻһ򣬱ΪϽָ
ŵڲ½Ժ޼ɣϽ磬ΪȴǲġֹˣһϽ磬ΪӰԵʣͺܿͻᷢ㣬ʱ㸹ܵУʱпܶС£ȻҪ𣿡
ȻһЦ಻һĵػţò˶١Լѡ񣬾ڡ
̾һ˵˵ˣȻ֣Ҿͳȫ㡣
óķһһԺǸǻҪԼˡ

61

ԭ֮, ûеһʱȥ󣬶ʹ˸ûһԼò, һİĿԼſڡ
ּұҲǵһ, ֮ǰּ˶ս, ûһ޽֧ţû, 񲻹в۵Ķ塣
ԭſغ, ûеȵǸˣȴһԸּ߳Ҵš
һʢװĸˣ˿̽촽, ʾ鲢̫á
ԭճȭ, ΢΢ţİٶ, ǻûз
Ǹ˲ԭڵλÿԭͷĿӡ
ûжͣܿ͵뿪ˡ
ԭֵһȻûȵҪȵ, ʱ뿪˵
ҹ, ּҴլļ仹ŵƣĵط
ЩķֹͣðŨŨҹɫ԰ɢġ
ʯҷ, ĻǼҴӸĻ¡ûǼ£ʯʯط㵹һ䣬˭֪ǸķˣĶ㣿
ô׵ʯȴӶ̬ȻԽԽǿӲǿƵ˼ʵǿɺޣ
ԽԽߣһȭݺݵڻ԰ļɽϣʯɽ˸ߵʯֱ
ʯּ˰д޽ɵΪͺˣͲڳһܾǼꡣ
ʱһƴֽ״ŵӫɵΧ
㣡
ǰһҪг
Сʱ򣬶㾭ֽ׶棬ССֽ׳̫ͯĻ䡣
һǶˣ
Ϊʲôؼأ
衴ɻ˳ֽ׵죬ǽȥһֱһС֡
һӰתֽ˻ȥ
㣡
衼غһȻŷǸδıİˣһӳȥ
㾿ʲôˣֽǴģ
ԭЦɵܵܣôɰ
ܣҡ
δ䣬һӾˣԭʩò
´ԭ׼Ȥ䣬Ȼɫһ䡣
㣬Ϊôֻзˣ
֮ǰѾͻƵ˽ɣȫ˶Ϊп޵޽ɣּҵһˣôİٶ֮Ϊˣ
һ뵽ԭصȴңĵذ⵱һʲô£һǲ̫õ¡
ûϵΪûǣ˭۸㣬ȥ㱨𣡡
ԴȣڳڶҲԷȻΪԭܴܣοɡ
ԭһůǰܵܳͷˣ֪Žˡ
ǣϵ鷳̫İﲻæ
û˭۸ҡԭص
Ϊôôࣿ衲ʡ
ʱһħޣС˵ˣѾްˡԭգ۾û˵ѣһħް½ȥģȻҲᷨʧͷ
ԭħް
衵ĸˣħ޶׼֮ˣ㱻ħ޲ϣ֪˶ٿࡣ
Ѿûˣĵʵ
˵ˣͺˣΪҲõģܿͻָģ㣬İٶȥˣʲôΪˣԭ
һʵΪ̿һԭţٶȾС˼꣬Ϊȴ˲ֹһأҲŸոɡ
СܶܣΪˡ
㣬ôֱӻؼңҵʲô衸Ͻ˻⡣
ӣԭ֪ôһ£Ҳ˵˽Ŀġ
һпɻãʯûʲôǲ°ɣ
½֮ǰŵӻּ֪꣬Ƿسŵ
һжãʯȻᣬ˼ףû˺Ҳʱûּҵ¡
ʱûУԶûУѾܸܵʯѹ˼ŭһֱܻĻһŭᱬ
ʯطǸҪĹӣ֪ŵ˶ãһֱĽĴ㶼֮ƾʲôȢ㡣
㲻ּҵϣڣֻһͨĺ󱲣Ҳܼ޸ʯطǸˡ
˽⵽һкãԭ΢΢˿ԶţҲ԰ĵȥظˡ
ǧҪܣ˭˵ҵж˵ԭ֣صض衡
ȻǸýܣ͸׵û˸ĸּε˾ˡ
İٶδ˼ĸĸһػûȥǣϲ֮޾ʹ࣬ǻе¶ȥǡ
Ϊʲôѽ벻ף˾ˣΪʲô֪
һЩ£Ȱ֮ͻʱһϲǸãԭ
ʵһԭĻúе͵ͷİɣ˭Ҳ˵
Ϊأ˭֪Ǹ뿪󣬴תһԭȥķ¶һЦݡ
ּҵŻˣô͵͵أ


62

۹һ, ߸ϣԭ֮, еһֱûʧ
ԭ·, 亹سɢѹ
Ĳ̫, һ˿ͷС
öӰƵĲƬƯǰɫ, Ϳ, Ī⡣
˺һͲſڵŻ̫ʧˡ
½, ԭΪߵһ, Ϊں̵ܶʱ˭֪İٶ, 񻹳©
СɹУ𷣡ԭͷϴ
ɨһۣ˵£ʣһƬƬȷǱٻˣ
, ԭʱһεĵض, С½һħһӰƵĲƬ䵽˻СʱֻԪӤΪ޷ӻȳƬ, ֻɻ𡣡
˵굱ʱ龰ؿͷȥСĴ£ΪԼ⣬𷣡
һӰϽ½ĻҲҲøЩ
ԭСɲʱǻȻոճΣȷʵǽƬۻˡСҲ˼⣬Իֻ֮صǸطѾټСɲɼһЩδεĻ֣һ֪
ԭһԼ糤ĻɫСƿ˫ַϡ
ָһ㣬СƿĸӾʹˣһŴƿ˳ɫĻаɫĹ⡣
ȻֻӤȭôССһţҵ¶ȴȻ˼֡
𣡡
鼤
ǻ۵ı
ǰ۱ħ͵Ϯ⧲֮¸ˣش۵а䣬ղ֪٣벻½֡
ӰƵĲƬۻ˵ùȥˡ
ԭĿ˼֡
ŻȻЩ©㽫ѰҲǴһ֣ҾͲˡ
ӰƬУԭ˵ǲģֻһƬҲƲˣļֵԶˡ
ԭͷһɣһǹ˰ɣ
лл̧֮ͷڴؿͣŵı赤֪ʱԴ£
΢̣¶һӺݵЦݣģҴӦ´ģȻȥʲôʱȡԻ֪ͨ㡣
ԭľǿЦβھʹҩ˶ֻ꣬սʹռ尾֮ࡣ
Ժһѹͷų˵Щʲô˼ʳ𣿡
ԭֻüѹϣһѪ
Сɲңˡæ
Ҳҡһյʱ䣬Ͳѹص°ɡ
ԭϹϾ˳ңпԣȻ˵Ҫ赤ûõԼУԶǿ¥ġ
Ϊű赤ΪʲôҪȥ½ôࣿ
ԭ뿪̴ӣҸˣŻӻصǵϢȥʯҵˣһҪϢ
̴ȥһͻѾķԸˡ
ĸ⣬ô죿ԤƵʱ˲ֹһ
̴ӻ֮ǰѾɢϢǵ˲ƲԲô졣
ŶһЦ˼ˣλŻвٰ
ҪȥһЩɢϢ𣿡̴ʵ
Ͱ֣αضһ٣ǹϵֻҪϷˡ
̴Ӹ׵ǣӢ
ԭڽʱյ衵ĴѶ
ʯҲ֪֪ϢƤڼﲻߣҸطãǧ
ԭһٻأ©ˣ᲻ǡ
˿۹ķ˫
ǲй¶ȥģһԾ֪ˡ
ҴҸ۹ǰ͸ϵʽ洫ѶһգŶûд򿪹
ԣӲţˣǵϢп͸¶ȥġ
ˣԭоͲˣΨһҵľǰѳ½磬͵ĺ磬ҪǵϽ磬һǰһ
·вͨˣǾһɣ
ԭתͷĳصּҴլȥ
һ꿪ʼǧͷ޵ɣʳڣڷ֮ܿ̿⣬ּҲǹûġ
Ȼ˼ĶݣôӦûرÿһּӵܶӦҪΡ
ʯҼȻˣô˽һаɣ


63

ּҴ֮, ʯҼʯͷ˫˫ӽϡ
ڷһ, ּҵļֱɨһ, Ŀ΢
һ, ɣʯطǸ, һź¡
ֵ, ʲôľ
ʯ̬ȳϿңȴһڱصõƶʯԱ, Ȼû˵, ȴ¶һǿӲ̬ơ
һΣǾ޹
ǵ˶ּ֪ҵŻӻ, ǻʲô
ֱЦЦʯˣص⣬Ǿ̰Ĳˡͣһ£׵, ܺòǰԭĸ»ҪС
һӾͰìͷתֺշ, ³벻ɣζǷ򸾶ˣֱ޹ء
ʯĿͶֺշϣЩ, ˸ŮøǴ
λҪûʲôĻ¾ô˰ɣ
ʯѹͲѯֺշ򸾵ŵ˾
ɲУ
˻شλվǲܴӦ
ʯĿ⿴ȥǶƸ⣬Ƕʯʲô
ʯµƸһ˼ҵʮֹʯд޽ǵһ壬۴ĸ棬˶˵
ǵǣֻǡ
Ƹٶ࣬ٺʲôãŮѡ
ڸĸж䱦οİԭʴӱҹɶ£ܳӣƾʲôʯҵĲҪȢǾһüޣ
ȻûʲôǴ¾˵ˡʯ˴˵Ļնص
ô
һӻðɣû˵꣬ôͶأôԵţȫûּҷ
ʯҲվ㻹ôʵİٶ˶ٴΣƸһټӣȥǴļҵƸأǵĳ⹻˰ɣأһһ꣬ҪʲôǾܿڣֻҪʯõóһ˫ַϣ
˭ϡǼҵƸֲŮ
ÿڲ
;ףûйǵθڣԼͰ͵ҲǵĴ
⻰ͺʯҵˡ
ʯɫһֺյ:ô
ֺȻųһ㣬ɵʯ÷·ܵˮɫֻ֪Ҫ˵ּ֣ҺʯҾ㳹˺ˡǰпɲ壬ˣּҾĲۡ
ǡʯҴŮ޹ȥӣΪ˸ĸô
ʯֺճſ˿ڣʯҵˣֻСŮǽˣ˵˲ԼͷС
ˣÿζ˵Ůڲţ浱ʯҺô
ʯһ:ŻӲѾ𣬺β˼
ֺΪѵش˴֣:⻰ô˵ģСŮδ飬ʯҪЩҥɱˡ
ҥҿðɣʯ泰ص⻰ּҴС׿˵ȥѽ
ֱɫЩѿôֲͽȥˣ
˿ֱ󣬡󲮣ôܺ˵ЩûݵĻأʯΪ棬¸ô죿
ֱΣ˵İɣʲôᡣ
ʯЦ:ǲᣬִСйһʱ֪ܲҲڰɣ
ּҶС㣬ʵС㣬ǰطʱ鹷ƤҩΧطתط֮ȴʧӰ٣¸طһϵ
ޣ˭һǴαŮˣ
ֱԥѾȥҴС㡣ЩҲ˵ˣһ뻹п£԰ԭҲһˣǰֻΪСŮֱŤڿĲǿ϶ˡ
ûȥ˵ļͻˡ
:ҵСˣô죿
ͻص:ûҵС㡭
Ǹӣ:ʲôϽȥҡ
ſ죬һӴ⴫
ĸףһˣ
ԭ߽һͶһ˵˻С
ĸףҺѽûң
룬룬룬ô᲻룿
˸Ůķ˲ۿ
ֺҲվ촽˵
İٶ겻Ůڻѽֻϧʱƺ̫ԡ
龰ֱһ:ԭѽʯʯˡ
ԭ˻̧ͷǲŷִﻹˣѽһ˼ЦЦʯʯˣˡ
ʯϷ򸾵˵ͷвԼͬһԭԶοǻʲôѣ
Żӻãոǲ£ү˵ҪԼͷҾô˼ʯ˲ٹĨǣֱ˵ر⡣
ԭ⣬󷽵ʵ:Ҹʯʯط𣿡
ʯ˵:ǡ
ǸˡҲܴӦԭҡͷ
㡭ʯָԭЦŻӣ˵


64

ԭʯ˷, ҵÿһ仰ġ
ʯ˰ĿתʯϣŻӼȻ˵, ҿǲ˷ʱˡ
Ǹĸ, Ϊ˶, ЩƵƵּҵţŴ⵽, һӵԭؾҵ, ҲҸƾ£ּҵͷ׵ʱ
ʯɫƵؿֱ, ּ, Żּܴҵ˼𣿡
ԭüֱ֮ǰ˵, Լ£ȻԼ
ʯϷصغһ˫˫λɫߡ
ֱ״п࣬˲ѵԭ, ʯʯ, λСӲ£̾λתͷɫԭʲô, λǰǸ
ԭû˵ΪʲôҪǸ
ʯϷ򸾵Ĳͣһ£˻ּӿٶȡ
ŻΪԼҷǵʵǲ֪ߵغ
ֱ̣ʯҷҪǾˣתͷͻ跨ԸּңּǿˣҲûɶ˼ҵŮǺ˲ǳ
ʯҷ򸾵ĽŲҪʱԭͻȻλǰ
ʯ˶һ£̧ţʯ볶һߵô˵ط塭ҪĸԸźá
ǿӲֶεȻҲּܱҾͷŻдԹʱĻǶӡҲΪʲôͿԳвּңȴһֱûжֵԭ
ʯͣ½Ųȴûлͷ߰Ųӵ㻹ʲô˵ģ
ԭȻ䲻ʯӣôʶһԸΪԾౡ֮
ʯԻתصո˵ʲô˵һ飿
ضԭ¸ոĴ
ԭЦӵҲʲôˣҸո˵Ըⶾ
ʯطͬСͱһȽϣȻνȴ㲻Ϻá
ʯط涾ʯ뾡취޷ⶾֻƾ鵤ҩһ
֪ʯҴϢ˵⣬ܽһ涾ǱʽҪȥʯطⶾ
ԭûǸἺΪ˵ĳƷʣټϸʯط˽ã˶Ȼܾˡ
ʯҲףв˼ԭͬ⣬Ҫּҿ
ԭʤ䷳ȻԿʯȻ޼ƿʩʱֻҪԭ½ȥһӰƵĲƬʹ͸ԭ赤
˱赤ּ˾ͻȬʱּһĴ޽ɣȻʯҵв
Ȼ˵˵ĴţʱԭҲ벻õİ취ֻҧӦ
û뵽İٶطϽ磬͹ȻӲţ˫ѹ֮£òӦʯطⶾ
ʯײΪ˽ʯطһ𣬺ľֻҪ֣سŵˣʯҲǷҪס
תתİٶȥˣһƺֻصԭ㡣
ʯ˴ϲ첽ǰסԭ֣еʵ˻棿
ԭף棬ֻǡ
ʯ˵ʲôᣬֻҪʯõó
ԭǿʯĿǰûУҲҪ뷽跨
ʯһ֪ԭأӿϲ֮侲˵Ҫʲô
ԭֱ˵˵̡֣衪
ʯĬ˼һŵʯҲûղر赤ܻܲġ
ԭҡͷֻҪ赤
ʯһְĿ⿴ʯ룬ΪطʹӦɣ
ʯҧҧԭãҴӦ㣡ֻҪ㽫طϵĶˣҾͽ赤˫ַϡ
˴ʧɫԭҲѰ·
ԭߵǰ§ļοҪģһȫ˵ġ
˼ΪҲ֪ʯӵĶϣƾʲôȫˣ
һʯϷ򸾴һֻּ֪ҵŻ츳ܽٶȴ֪Ժַʽⶾ˵˼Ϊۣ
ʯľһţ㾿ûаҼطⶾ
ԭһЦʯģҼȻӦˣһľ赤ǴӶ֮ŸģǲصĻԿ
ʯڨڨصȻ˵ˣҾ͹㡣
˵öԣ赤ûõ֣Ҳ֡
˴ǵĶԻУҲͬ⣬ֺһѣҵģ㵹˵仰ѽ
ֺյԭˣҪǲԸ⣬˵ûǿ㡣
ԭһѾˣ˵Ҳûиõİ취ˡ
ֺʹر۾׵ûãΪŮڷ絲꣬ҪΪ
ԭ׶Բ㡭
˿ɱǧģŮȥô׵𣿡
ֺһ˵ȭͷ䵽ϡ
ʯĵؿһۣ˵ƾ˫Լĺá
ԭͷҲд⡣
лҪ˵½β쿪ʼչ֣λĵСɰĵȴԤƾڱᡣ

65

Ȼ˲ͬ, ֺﲻᣬܲסԭԼö, ֱһƲ, ԭʯ֣صضġ
ĳ֮, ԭʯΪ΢Ҫӽⶾ, »ҪһЩʱա
ע⵽, ԭΪֻзɾ硣
ôʯһŭѡ
ʯطǽΪҪⶾ, ԭҲǽ, 󾳽磬ԭΪ, ֪Ƕ֮
ֻû̽ԭ״װ˿ӣȻͲ̸ˡ
ԭĿǰҪҵΪźþΪӽⶾؾһ, ʯȫ
ؾʯҵרؾ°빦֮Ч, һֻ꣬ĸ׶νȥʣҪȿǺá
ʯ֪ԼԭˣΪ˶տ, òűӴӦ˵Ҫ
ãϣ㲻Ҫʧ
ؾ°빦֮Чʱӷ޵ȻѣԭǰľοʯȻûеס
ԭϣҳصʱѾѱ赤㵽ˡ
ʯһͣʯĿǰȷûб赤ʱȥѰңӦܹҵ
ԭʯ򸾵½ؾһ˼չʯȫѰұ赤ʱһһĹȥˡ
ԭչؽҪʱ½ĳѾȫ룬ΪҲﵽ˻۷壬ʱпܷ
ҵʳǸʱ⡣
һǲƵģԩ޳ôΪʲô
㣬ûȥı㣬ˬ뿪չȣûк¡ԭ͵͵ҪҵӰƣΪ˱סѲŽѪ֪һ᲻ұסΨһİ취
˵ѣҡͷĸĿĲҪסطϽ磬ֲУһУ˵Ķ𣿡
һͣ㶼Ѿ֪ˣ
ƽصҲû֪٣ֻָָԼԴܻһЩģĻ棬ƺǸϽйصġ
Ƭ̣̾ұΪҲҪʱŻио벻ھܸܵˣȻҾͰǰ˵ɡ
ѹƽͣһκŵǰ½
ĩˣԳµȥ㶼֪ˣϽôԼǰɡ
ҶԳҪΪ֪Ҳûãʵȥ
ĳȥǶʮͣ˼ȴˮκαֻ̬ã֪ˡ
֮ûãӭ˷׽١
ħų⣬ħ޷ȵ޸Ϊѣһһ˵׽٣ԭʱ˶ʮߵ
׽ɢȥ֮Ŵ򿪣˳һͨʱͨ뵽Ͻ硣
ͬһ½ŵĵطȻǵʮŷ̨
ʮŷ̨ȻʿѾǷɺˣȵ˺۷Ϳñչس׵Ľ﷦ζ̲Ŷˮĸλ
ȻÿʿǿԳ鼫Ʒʯʿٰõһ⿿淢ǵ΢ٺ»ֻܽͰ͵عӡ
һ˷ˣ˶һֿۣ˻
Ǽǵʱ򣬳ԭ־һУԭǲ½Ψһһʿ
ԭּͣƬ̣ȻµƿۣڵǼǲдԼϢ
ʿϰΪҪǼǷѣʼЦǺǵģһҪʮ鼫Ʒʯ
ԭϽʿôҪĺ۸ǰɣ˵ʮ鼫ƷʯһӶܰô
֣һ
ҲУһصʿ˷ȥĿɣ
û˵꣬һʰ쵵Ĺ˹
ΪɺڵΪԸһողŷʿֵ˭֪Ĺ䵽ϣһɳͶУݶûðһͲˡ
ô
ֹͬҲˡ
ʱ򣬳ЦҲ
䣬һոչǸʿ
ĴСǸʵһޣɫȴŨīһĺڣһһ˼
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