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½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ܲüҵʮСǡߣӰ
İ
ʺ  ִ  Ȧ ִ΢ܿ 춹 ˫
մܲúʮСԱճ
˺Ӷ û֤մܲñŷƭԼװȥ֤֤İһҰ˴Ŷô죿
ճСż顣
cp
˾x


1 ͷ۰
Լߵ̫࣬ôٲɹ˪ȥɹһƤ
һɵСλ¥屻˰죬Ҳ֪ڸðҲš
˵ҲģͰĴһᣬԷǲţּ
˺ӣԼʮ߰ӣһװͲƤЬŴ磬ڻʶվõС롣
ְ̧һ壬ĺľ֮ǰŴ汻ˡ
ŵһŽ˿۾˹ĿͣҲϾɵСȲˡ
ֻǣϾСĿˣȴһŹӡϸСΧȹ鿴е㲻ͷ
˲ŵĿķΧزˣſڲˡ
ſڣ˹ĿѹûĵϽʲôӬӡ
γһ㣬ŽӲĽŲ˽
һСңһõĺܰʰҲ࣬ذźı棬ҾߵļӲ߽ϰķײޡ
˹Ŀ˰ý˳ָ˱ˮһļ顣
˹Ŀˣճ״죬ǣģôˣôһ겻ӣǱĸŮ˻ȥ𣿡
֮ﱻһ̻Ʋ죬ʶճ
ûĸۣȻٴι´ü飬һԼմܲʲôѾþòˣ͡
֪û˵꣬ͱճס죬Ŀһѹ촽ϱȸꡱĶСĵСҼұƭ֤أ˵ˡ
֮ﻳɵĿһۣűĽŴȾˣҲԾѹӶˣû֤
ճһʱ䣬Ƚ˳صĹӣժΧȹ˹Ȼѹĺܵͣ´˭һ㡣
Ϊͷ۵ĵҼǸִ̫ҪǮָſϴӦ֤
֮С̽㻹û˵ݣ
ճյҡҡͷһֱΪǸڼƱģҲҸʵݣҪˡ
֮Ĳ˼ĿճĿ챻˴ˣⶼʲôʲô


2 Ͷ
ճСһ𴩿ɿ㳤ģǡѰɣϼŵΨһ̳ˣǰ22̳й˾Ϊܣ۹ʮڡ
ǰһΪĳ֪٣ֱ֮Ȼ͸ߴˡ
ý崦ĻǵҪϢʱܵûӰˣ֮õԴ֮⣬ûôڹ˾¶档
ÿκ棬ҲĿ֮ġ
к֮ҲԼ˵ģֻ֪ǽϣҲճİ˵ʱȥġ
ǸԱȴǸԱҲ׳ƵʮԱͱ׵ǿôһ㣬ݳnɶġ
΢ķ˿ŲˣʵʵûҲû
˵ʵ֮΢ϼƬܿɰһˣһԲ۾ˮģССӣͷȻߣϢҲһ
֮ΪֵĿճʲôʱ˵ͺˣҲҪôˡ
ճΣǼұ̫ǿˣǮôƴÿοƣҶˡ
˵ﲻȥռңĲõԿࡣ
ճᣬҵƭ˵ҵⲻңԲ֤֤ܲˡ
֮￴һĿˡⲻԻ·Ҫİ㣬ںһֱΪҵ񣬲ҲһֱΪүĸһ㣬ƴĹЩ˵
İôǳôԼûأ
ѵһ٣ճҲգԼ°ͣоԼС˵ĵȷͦеġ
ͷУһ
˵˾ֱĶ֮Ļܣ̲סһֱҸ
ճֱ°ͣ鶼ˣҲˣԹˡ
ֱȥ֮ŷӦָճ쵰˾ͶԣԣûԵĻ쵰Էûеϰ
ϧٺݣճҲʹƬСĸôճԶĽ
һ󣬸оûɶ˼֮ټˣ·Ĺĵ¥һ֣ߡ
ǰٴοһСȴǲԽ΢ЦճǿЦݣйϡġ


3 
˸֮ճҪϣ˵С鷿󣬾ǰѱһΪ鷿һǶӵСңͬ
ճ͹˾˿Ҳѹѵõ죬볳İ˺ͺӡ
ҵСҹһŻϴֱ˯ˡ
§ƣȻѾþûˣúúһ£һۣסˣֻһҹ
ⲻ֮÷ԼС𴲳Է
С˲ʳԵҲ࣬ܺġ
һ룬ĶԹԵԼ·СЬ鲽ܵ鷿
໹̫ѵ۾ŴŴĵְ֣Ҷˡ
ճϽԸ飬صԣ߹ȥСһﱧ۵СǣܣȥСְ𴲳Էòá
СӱŴְֵһϣ˫ͽһɰԲ۾ԹԵĵͷá
һ˫˴ϣıӸڴ˵Ķϣ˯ĺܰȣϲ˺Σ˯һ۷۵ģˡ
ճ̲סͷһڣСӰҲѧСְִһڡ
ӶһµĿ˶ԷһۣճЦԼС۵Ȼڴϣʾȥѻˡ
СȥżѵֺСִϵŴŴĽеСְ֣ˣҪСʦ˵Ǻñ
ճҲ߽еˣԣ緹ټ˯òá
ԺľɧΪǵݽϷأ˭ڽǵ˯ɢ
ճԼһö簲ǡ
ȻճŽ䣬ճӼ࣬ӺˮԷ
ӽӻһճϸ˸ףȻʼˢ
һԺĻû˯ѵӣ΢΢۾ͷһһģһޣôɰ
ճһ㣬ֻڣ൱ȫ硣
˹ԹԵˢȻϴԼȥ˳緹
ϺӵëһģһģһɫǽϵģһɫСܵģ涼һֻɰԲСá
ϴǣߵԣһһ˫Բ۾۰Ͱ͵ĵűͶι


4 
ճ㱻ȳѪ̲סСˡ
СһȥðӳԷ
Ǵ¥µģðճһС࣬ĻǡôƮһƵͣ㡣
ҲʲôĶѼͽƵ̲ˡ
һСһζãڴ࣬ȵЩµĲɫˡ
СܺСְһʳճǳɶǳɶܺʹͷ̲ҲܳԵĽζġ
϶ĺˣһȫɱ࣬ûҲûԤסĵطԼסùֵˡ
סùʱӦøոպõģŮһֱڸϣһӡ
ɱ֮󣬾ףֻҲûС͸ʲô£һҲԶͰҹԼ򳵻ˣĻţҲûطԷȥ
ûɶ˾飬Ҳӣû֮ģԷǺȺһĺзҲûϢҡ
ҪϢҸһЪţˮԷеɶ£Լǰܺġ
ϷݲأȻÿгҲʮͷݼֲ˾һϢ
ƢãֳĿɰȻھﲻӣǺ͹ԱϵиʲôģǶչ㡣
Ϻݺݵĸɵȭͷӣͣ๾ĺȼС࣬üϵƣȥһ㣬»һ
ת۾Ϳճһ۵ĿԼֲԼգ˵ˣǼҵǮģ㲻ҪôƴϹһ۵ġ
ϲ䣬˳ëèһ۾Ͳࡱˡ
ճ̲סһڣһ߿ŰӵСӼ״ҲСְֵ֣죬ʾԼҲҪס
ϺЦĵͷСӡһͺӡӡ
ճֽһһСͺצӣȻǼͷá
ԼһСͲˣרĵĿСԻԷ
ԣоԼûԱ뻹ҪģҧҧˣתͰ͵ˡ
˵ҪұȥԱˣ̫࣬ûк̨æͷһ룬ұԼϲ飬ֲƻ롣
ɰһͷ


5 Ͻп Ĵ֣
ճԸҪߵĽһ㶼û
Ϸ룬СҲû꣬ڲôÿӣøСһһҨ׳ԣѾճϸĵķˣµģ¶ȸպãһСˣСһԵĺܿġ
Сһﷹ㲻ܳСӺС࣬һһС˵ѾܳԵˡ
СһԵСֺС춼ͺģ˹ԹԵķ꣬۰Ͱ͵ĿĴְ֡
ճһЦýǣȥϴ֣Լѷȥ
죬ڲ͹׻ͰѰӷŽ¶óһ³Ե
Ҫ֮ǰĻʲôʣʣˣֻһҲᱻӵôôˣѧڼּҡ
ȥ֮󣬴СһɳϱСһ˯ġ
߹ȥ۵ͷףСܽӹȥԼţ˵Ļȥ˯ɡ
ԺĵУ֮ǰӦСһҪһȥ԰ģʳԡ
ҲİԺģһô죿
ճСܵͷСһܶ£ƺҲСְֲȻܿȥ԰ȴСְܣҧָཱུգգ۾Сְ˯ȥ԰ˡ
ԺһݺݵԼգ¼ӡǣ˸һ
ճ߳һͷֱСܣҪż׵СһڣܺõӣЦеģСܷģСְûµģ˵СܣͲƭ㡣˵ǵСӡ
Сգգ۾ҪϸϽӹȥţճתҪȥʰϾС鷳
ûӣͱסˣһЦ⣬βסĿģϲ̵һӿճ׬ͦģʮء
ճ΢΢Ŵ죬龪ȣװģ֪ЩʮߵûԱģݼٺãûûȻҲϲȥ
õģһʽ㣬㣬ݸ΢ҪĽɫܶõ㣬ֹȥľ飬һʮ༯ĵӾŸʮ⻹ˡ
ôôࣿʵǮճ˵ǾţһëǶԱԴҵ״ȷǶˡ
ӣпճգÿζԴǵϽʿҸܣҲ⡣


6 ǿһ£ˣȭ
ճ˵ζֻðп£˵ǸȥͶˣʵȥˣϼҲһݡ
ʵҲǸʮСԱڵӾܸףݸnţ¶˼֡
ΪͿɰ֣ݼҲ˶϶ݲ˭ֿ̫ɰء
ݵĽɫŮǵĵܾܵڼ꣬ǵҲûݹΪһŻױҲ
ʵﲻˣһ˧Ϲֻǻû֤ˡ
ͬԻѾϷˣճ֤ΪǽϷҪ˳ǵָճ鲻ɡ
Խճһͷŷƭԣ彭ȥ֤ǲɣճզôִأ
ûͨ棬Ҳûй棬ЩǮеǮˣ֮ô찡
ϼĲ޶ͷˣճεȥסͬСһ𱧽Ҳ˵ǼǮ˵ǻϹǹͬļңܹ㸶ÿοôۣҾۡ
ϱԼҰ˱˵һ۵黰ߵö䶼ͮͮģҲͳһ
Ⱳ˾ǼϹؼңһ˺Ŀɰ
èһ㿿ϣĲ˲䣬ǣƽʱչ˼ѾˣҪչңҪ׬ǮΪһôԼİôأȻҪฺһЩˡ
ճſڣÿô˵Լѿڶɻ߾ɲˣûȥ֤أ˵ˣһô죿
Ž϶ĸ飬ֻ̫ˣһ΢СĲȷҲȥе뱣֤һʧ²Ż
ֻҵı̫ɰˣһǿԼǸ˵ʱſɰôĿɰè䡣
ŷ۷ۣ۵СſɰˮĴ۾εĿԼһɰѾʮ
ճͷס۾Ƿ۷۵ĴϺݺݵһڣŰ˷ſŶ¥ȥˡ
ߵļææģʱһ£ЩĶӵļƣܵˣͻԴ󷢣˸˵ˣôǱ԰֮оˡ
ҵСһʲôʱͿʼڴˣƻ


7 ޱɶĿɲܸױ֪
ճ¥ϵ˵߱ڻСӣ󡱵һڣüЦģֻĨߺ컹ûȫɢȥ
СӲԣֻ֪СְԼԼͺܿģҲ˽Ŀˮ
ҲСһţȥĴְȥˡ
ԼǮʮСԼ̫Ὺ͸ճˣȻҲǶôӣһ㹻ˡ
ְŶ߸ߵĸӣ¶һؽ˶΢΢Źͭɫļ
ϸȳĺãҲã䲻۾ʱͷҲһ˿ȥ΢΢ɢһʮŴѧ
϶Լ˷գͲðˡ
СҧָͷֿǸȻС֡ЦСְְ֣֣ˮˡ
Ҳ֪ѧĴʣѽͨ죬߳ŭŤŤԼСƨɣ׼˵
һ̧ͷͶԼҰ˵ֺˣͷװС·ȴִӷķ϶͵͵
ճ̵ͦСӣһЦ߰ɡ
ʶ˿ˣԴһ֮󣬳˽ȥϷͼûֿ֮ȻʱŨҶ
ճϧڼдů˶ҲⱲӶ֣Բһֱûʧģʧȥ
ƴھһΣ£СܣĵĸмͰ⡣
ӱΥֻǱȱôһ㣬ڶһŮԣзٰˡ
ֻǵʱϴѪһûȻʱֻ춼ˡ
ʱվſڣһƬհףֻǵãҪȥɱСܵ뷨Ҫҵıôࡣ
󣬽ϱ˻ûеĻĲ֪ԼʲôĻȥɱǸƴĺӡ
֪ûΣ֮ĵһֱŵǿˣҲ̱˵ϣȫ˶˼ſڴһ
޵ޣȫûԣֻڳĻʿҽȴûЦġ
һСʿĵֹֽס˿˼˽ϵĲ
˵飬һֱû߽ϣɲƻԼڽ󣬾͵ûзˡ


8 
ճѳŴ򿪣ųѾú˱ȫΣֻҵСϳˡ
ϳ֮ǰϱСӣסճꡱһƬֻճ̫죬ֻ˰
꣬Ҳûȥͼͷ΢֡ҺϹбҪȥ԰ˡ
ûʲô̫ûоҲûûзѾ죬ƵŶӣ΢֮ҲԼ
ûɶܵĹעҲҲɶϷûз˿Ҳʧ
ԱɶĶŮعˣҲҪһӣʵסˣŻṫ
ֱûС͸Ųء
Ǽֹ飬˫һҹ۰Сֻ̫ңԶ룬˵ˣҲûа˿Ե̯֣
ȻԴȥ깫кӻϹ󣬷ǵû˿ΪС̫ɰּ˼ٸۡ
Ϲʱ¶ҪǱӰҪǲգϺúõĸա
ķ˿ץ뿴Լżʲôǿ
Ҳϲθڣǲǿա
շȥüҲûָھ͸ԡ
ͨ΢ת࣬ڵºҲͲһһЩ˾Ȼ˵˿ֻǺǣԲһʶ
ǿôңô٣ҵԼ֪ˡ
΢СѾϹ˹ȥðȫˡ΢ʱ
һǸϹĽȥϵðȫСһȭǰһӣ
ǰ䵱˾ճһЦ⣬ͷţ԰ˡ
Сһϳ˯Ѿϰˣճڿϲȥ
ڷֻŵģҲ֪ǱԼСȾ˻ˣͷ˰죬һͷҲ˯˹ȥ
ͨӾճ˯һˮˣһСӣЦĳǣȴĽٷүԶ˯һᡣ
ϲ֪ǲ˯Ժˣ˯ˮ˵λϲϹ㣬
˵˼ҹΣҵСﶼڵԼ
Ҷ˵뷨ʵģǲ֤ұܰأ


9 绰ӵļһ
ҪڳϣڿȥԼұ˯ĺ˵С
ܿϧ·ϣòԺ˵뷨˴ָר־Ŀˡ
ٳľҲʱ򣬿Ǽ԰ͲԶ һᳵٵ£ʮҲˡ
ѳȵͣ԰ſڵͣĴ˯ĺܺõˣͰѳϣȥŶƱ
СʱС滹ûأ
һ˯С˵ģɰĺܡ̲סͳֻꡱգ˺üǶġ
ֵһᣬǻûҪѵӣ˯ôɰĵľҪҪǡ
һʱ䣬ѾҪŵˣٲ𴲣̫͸ˣһ۵Ƥɹô죿
Ǿʱֻˣճһ磬֮ġ
򿪳ţŵ˳绰Լұˣľûôˣܲű˴ŵĲͷ
ι֮¡ԸҪ㺢ӻаˣù˾˺û²Ҫ
Ǳߵ֮һͷݺݵĵֻճǰԻȥݺݵҧڡ
ŇNɪģҲҪȥһŲĽء
һߵճûüͷһҪҵ绰㾿ʲô£ûҹˡ
֮Ͻֹȵȡ
л˵ƨţתѵӣͿʼˣƽʱײ˵Ĵֻ˵ˣ˭öôĥߴء
СүүҲжˣԼСĵ㡣֮˵ֱӹҵ绰ûȹҶ绰
ճüɫѿĶֻ洫ཡæ
֮ǰҵ绰ֻǰǳΪĳ
Ҳǳһֿⳡɫˡ
صˣ˭һҡ
ֺСȥΣ⳵һӲײϣ˵һһˡ
֮Ҳͬ˳
үүĸүүʮںСӣҲѹ˾Сӣ˭Ҳû뵽Сӻ£ôȥˡ
үүʹ֮£еϣ˵ʱֻаճϡ
еϣ̫ߣһ㲻һٴ򣬲ճͯ꣬Ҳճ׵ĺԼүү
ʹڣҲȻǸͷӡ


10 С
뵽һң뵽Լĳ۵һ˿һ
ĺô󲮵ȷǸһˣҪȻǲ֪ôдɣ
Ȼű죬ֻתͷʱǸźӣǫǫˡ
ոǸ˲һ
˯ԺģԼϹƺͨ绰ֻɫ̫õӣƺˡ
ԭ˯һӾܹˣֻȥúðοϹ
ֻһŷ֣űˣˣĴˡ
һҲСܣԼСְĳţҲԼҲ֪ʲôеίҪſޡ
һ߳ű򿪣һůĻ̧۶ϴְֵůЦԭۿת˻ȥϲϲСֱסĲӣԹԵı˳
ϴһ³СһѾסˣһ
ҵСҲܶ£ٻޣһǾ춯أѺ塣
һ߿öһ߸ճ˵ո˭绰ɫѿ
ճ΢΢һЦҲգѣոչϵһѸ˵жҲҪƱϢ
϶ԹƱⶫƶǶģ̫ճ˵ʲôʲô˿ɡ
ۿԼұҲԼʼճϽ壬ģԼģһԾͻ׳ȥεġ
ƶǶĵͷֻҪϹ˵ûǾû⣬Ϲܵġ
ǲپ⣬ճӹСܣбȭͬһȭǰ壬ȥ԰ˡ
СظϵĻŴŴģŵֲ壬ȥԶˡ
˵һǰܣЦһš
ճЦĿˣ۵㡣
첽׷ŶӵˣЦҰˣôģҲ֪СģҪġ
ϳͷСѧҲԼҴְͷճױЦˣոյĻһɨգҲʼڴ԰֮ˡ
ûɶŴ󷽷ǣɶαװҲûУôżţпӶˣۣһѧһΥ͸С
԰˶࣬ʮӵĶӣżƱȥ԰


11 ɵְ ɵϹ
ճŰǰҵͷһֹҪȥɶ
ɽ̫̼ܸС棬ֻºͲ̼ġ
һ£ǾȥתľˣȲĳȥˡ
Ϣ̫࣬˵ɽ˺ģҲٲȥȥʱ򣬹ȻѾ˶ӣжʮŶӡ
˭Ŷӣ棬Ҳܲӣʩ˶ܶ࣬һϺСܰͷ˻ǹԹŶӰɡ
ճһĺЦүͷԣıСģһһǰŲ̲סЦ
ϾʹñСҲǣֻϾģǴ̫£˶ͷϵĺĺ
ճǰĽϣŶӣȥ衣
ϺСԣͷĲ˹һ㣬һ˫һģһĿɰ۾ǿͷĹһ㣬ڴĿ
ճ̧Ц˵ͷȥˡ
ֻ̯ǰҲŶӣòҲһŶӣʮӣõܣһ΢ǽϺСܵģһСġ
̫СҪ̫ȣһ㲻ԱֺʳƷģ̫ˡ
һģͽһԣҪ̫С
ճһһܣСĴȺܻȥʱүѾźöӣľϡ
С̫СԼľϾȥӺ汧
ľһȦһȦתҴСЦĺǿģǸӶ˵ĺӰҲЦһģıȺӻġ
ճϹҸЦ⣬һ۽ǣϱͿ˹ĵΣ˵ĸעĿ
˺Цݣճ͸о綼ģ´ֻ¼˵Цﻹֻ衣
ۿһСָıҪ£Ҳе죬һ͵һС
СлСˣڳһֻóͷ׼ˣꡱһġ
һƬ㣬ֵӰģʽȫһɵְֵӡ
˾ˣľʱ򣬱Ѿ泹ڻճӵˡ
Сܱ죬Ҫ޵ӣϸϽ壬һһȥòã
СջˮͷСְϡ󡱿һڣǿɰӣȵĶˡ


12 񾭲
԰ϵĳϣűܳԣճıԭζͣͲôϲⶫҲôϲʳҪҪԣҲŴ֡
ϺСܵı㽶ӲݮģһһڣԵĺܿġ
СܣԵһȦ裬ȵġ
óʪֽЦĸӲմıܣԼһڣιһڡ
ڽʣı裬ѱ走ͲݸеͲСһʵϲ
ģġ
ٶȿ죬ľͳˣճһûһڵű裬ϵıͦܵģýΪıܺóԡ
ճűܿԵĺ棬ʵ˼Ѿ֪ܵȥˣŵıܶѾˣ˳
ı˳µΣۿҪϣ촩·ɫǳȥ
ֱӰչȥ֣ڻıˣ˳óʪֽ֣첲˳ǡ
ճһһתͷͿϴǰ뿪ǣЦһóѵӡ
ǻżɫı裬Ȼȱ軹ˡ
ճģһЦݣмСŵͲԹڿУҿ˼ۣûע⵽һͷ׼ȷҧ˽ϵĴꡣ
ıζûüɢȥһ壬ģ̲סȥ
˽һζıǡ
ˣճ̲ס죬ƺڻζѽһ
мСܻ֪ʲôһ˫޹Ĵ۾ְ֣Ȼ󱻰ԴСҲְ֪ô£¶ְ֪ϲͺˡ
ּϲصŵͲ
ϺֵĿһۣ
ճüûȿ˵ʲôԱһгԲ˽ͬģڼоͿаɣף֪İ谭ۣ
ճɫʱͱˣڳһƬ͸¶ŷĿС
ɲʲôƢˣһ˹ĿҪˣ
ճһȭҪȥһߵĽϸɽһסϹ֣侲㣬۲һոմųԲмƽϣԵǺܵۡ


13 һپ
˵ǸʮˣҲ֪Ǻ˻ǹҲ磬ճŭӣơ
˵ԲУ̾ͺüĿҪȭȥˣһ߼ɲţģͬң
һ־Ҫϳ壬֪ûȥϥͱ˲һš
ҲŭĻͷ˭ң
ƯŮӣֵվһһ̷Ůӳ˸ָ
ͬ Ҳˣסˣƾʲôǣǰ𣿻ͨˣͻ಻ˣӰ㲻˭Լȥġ
˼ֲǸ㿴ģԼȥˣΪʲôվƸߵͱˣֵģ˵ͬˣҲûԸģԼʲôӰɣ
͸ոմ͸ųƵãˡ
ŮӿڲϬĹͷһм䲻ġ
춾𣬽ϸո˵ǸԲУλ˵˼ģһ˵
ϡ͡һЦŮһӵŭôɢˡ
ҲıɫһһҪУҪŮƤô첻
ֵ̫˷׷Χ˹֣ڴǰ֮󣬶ǸҲָָ㡣
¡
԰еģû£ɡ
ǿ˼ҶʰɣǸɷ֪ûԵҲûŮѡ
ͬԻͨʮˣҲ磬вɡ
ߴߴһеʱ˳ĺÿǱȽռơ
ʼĩ֮һֵľͳǸҲˡ
ҪǽϺճѿ˵㣬ƾͳаհаˡ
ӱ˵̧ͷնݺݵĵһԪףˡ
˿ûֿɿɢˡ
ճŮӼⳡ־֮һֱʹ˿
˶ɢˣ̧ͷԽЦЦǲԲа
Цŵͷʾ⡣
ճ˵ͷֻӣȥ绰
ϺСܹԹԵĵͷ
ճߵһԣֲ̧ͨһ绰ιңʰһˣԣҪŪһپˣ΢ԣ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵
ԸˣֱӰѸոҲǸƬ˹ȥ


14 ǿС
Ǹ֮Īһ٣ҽԺ£ϾͲ֪ˡ
Ҷϵ绰ճֱǸһƣۺӵĺɷˣոǸɷһݵ˲һÿΪΡ
ȥʱ򣬷ֽ͸ոոǽΧŮĵĿġ
ǸŮһͳһӵݸϣýǩ֣һ͵͵Щ죬һżļӡ
Ȼǽϵķ˿
ճȥʱŮһڴҪͽϺӰ
ԱСܺһ˺ü࣬˸߲ҵֻˡ
ݵĲȥֿʼ棬ȺһˮһתȦĳгСǸС޵ɽ
Ĳʵһһģ˵ǻεΡ
ճүСһﵨ߯󣬱ҵСŵĻ꣬ãһ˫ŴԽϵ۾Ŀתġ
۵СЦеһڣ۵ģڸá
С˳ˮƯСһ˷ָܵЩצС޵ء
ˣСޡҡҡָָ
СܲϣҪǿ
Сޡ

ҪΪnμͥս˭Ҳ˭һżһģһ˫ɰԲ۾˭ҲЭ˭Ҳ˵˭
ճϹۣϲǵսǲ㣬ڡ
һ˫Բ۾˭ҲϺˣоɰͬʱ־úЦ̲סЦһ¡
֪Ц˵һ¶⣬ְ֣ϹҪЦ˵ǿСޣ
ճһ۳ι״ľֹͦʦģֻӣϲɶ
ɿһһСϣ۰Ͱ͵ĿԼֲ˵ֻ֪°ͣ˵һģɵĴ𰸣ǿСޡ
𰸻һµıģ϶ͷԱʧҶѧͬͷ
ЦǵĴְ/Ϲ֮Ƿȥˣոջսأֺͺˣһߴߴĸѿȥˡ
һԵճޱȵĴܣǼȻҪ𰸸ﻹҪŪⲻˣǵֺͺˣǣ
ôһһСıǣйѴġ


15 νռ
ֻǣԹ鱧Թ۵ĸճȴǸ֮¡
Сڼ壬ʮֵŤû֮ǰĸԼΪӣʵڵĸﲻܻӭǰ۵ģĴڡ
үүԼΪӣνļҾǺҹйϵߣû㶫ڣϵǻʱѵĲ顣һΪ
֮ǰĸȴ˵ĸ氮⣬ܿϧĸͲν氮
˫ļܺãҲνŵԡ
ǵĻүүһְŵģ֮ûκһ˿ĸڣͬһ£ʮ²˵һ仰ҲǺġ
ճҲûı䣬˺֮󣬾͵񣬳׵ĲٻؼˣԶˡ
ճСڱķչ³ʱָ˼׶԰϶׶԰˯һֱ˳£һڼʱ䲻£ڼҲǺӶһ
ĸ𣬾û֮ûи飬ںӾ͸ûˡ
ǸұУĸûһ飬һС¾ͻᶯִĸҲ͸Ӳϻؼˡ
ճһֱ꣬ҲһεľԸŤƫ
һֱԸǸϽԶŤļͥ
ֻǣûȵԼܲְ顣
Ҳܹ˵ֱӾǩ֡
ûʲôļͥʽѡ
֮ǰ۸ӵĿһᣬջһ仰û˵뿪ˣߵͷҲأ
ֺ֮˳ȥεʱ򣬳˳ʱСıһ˶ֲ
ĸҲǣȻҲֳºûãҪȥһͬĳ˳ȥˣڼûһ¡
СûŸĸ˵ʵûжٸ飬ҲûôˣֻǾڿԽˡ
ĸ֮үүߣҲͬǱŤŽ̵үүһ˼룬Ϊ³ТӣһᣬصһΣүүһȣҽԺΪȥϸٿΡ
ȻˣҪֻܳױǿԼһǳϼš


16 ˵ճ
үүҲǸұУ̾ܲ˴Լɱˡ
ڵﲻүүһһ٣һ٣ճȻǵĳˡ
ǰţش󷽣ǰԸرүү˺ݣҪȱ˸ݣ¾Ҫնݳ˿أѧĿһ˿ִš
ûǰȷҲôɵģƵĸṫ˾Ĵһҵѹǳ׷
ƱȨȫԼûʣ
үүνҽԺз硣
ֱ󲮱ƵĹǽ˿Ϲ·ײ
ϵʱ⾰Ӿ;Уưô꣬ɽ·ϼ˻Եճʹ绰˾Ȼˣ˾ʱֱȥҽԺҲûȻ
֮󣬽һֱչȬ֮Ҳû뿪˸£Ƥס˼Ҽ
ȻСܳˣǸʱоõȫ磬аˣкӣǸǻµĺӣǰĽᾧŽϣҲͬǸСһ
˼ЦһģͶҲܳǸСӵĽϣޱңŤʱ˿ɰĽϡ
һһҰŤĵǲ֡
ľû߽ϣ뿴ӣޣֻҪڴϿ޾ͺˡ滨ӣɺÿˡ
ȥĺڰûҪ߽ϣֻҪԶ£һֿɰԼŵıͺˡ
С˵ģ󲮺үү飬ҪִˣֻýģЩ£Լ֪ˡ
ڼ䣬Сڳ档
̫ң۵̼۾һӦˡ
ϰȰСţְֵݸϣԼ
˻صϣʱͣһ¡
ճͳֻһۣѾһˣ˳緹ʱˡ
԰һЩСԣȴûʳճɾǶ˫Ĵ۾ĶǵڱϵľֲܾԾͣ
֣ҵû취ֻҪ˫һģһĴ۾۰Ͱ͵ĶͲԾЭˡ
ɵϹɵְûˣǺô죿
ˣɣɵְһûԭЭˣһһСĳС̯εĸ˹ȥǮȥˡ


17 ı
˾𱡱еĺܿģ۾Ϊ
СҧһԼıСְֵӣ϶Сְֵıʲôζ
ϸǵɿЦеĻش㽶ζҪ𣿡
СܿԼģֿϵģĵҲϲɿԺСְֵı𣿡
ѽùԼҶӿеǿˮıְԼķСս
Ȼҧһմˮ𱡱۾Ҳóԡ
ǳԵһ㣬ȻߵճûԶĬһ½ڵͷ̧ø߸ߵģѱݸְ/Ϲ
ճı滹մǵĿˮϲʳҲûԥĴҧȥ
ֻҪǸģǶҩҲĸԸȥ
ȻһֱоĶڻˡ
ĺǾˣֻСվޣĵʱСܾͰסˣСԴһһģҪ˯˵ӣճŲϱ۾
ں߰ĴӸǣСһﲻϱ˯ͺԱ˯ɣȵ˼ңǽ𴲺𣿡
ССԼ۾Ƿͷһᣬ˯˹ȥ
˯ٶýѣԼҪҲٶȣԺͲʧˡ
˰źСһ߰Ķһ˺濴Сһճǰ濪
˹·ûԶͿʼ³µʵʵģҲ֪Ҫò·
֮ǰƺѾһʱˣһ߳о㲻ãźױ·²
Һýһ˲ϰ࣬ҪȻͿʼˣ·ŭ֢˽һ¡
ǶҲܣǰȥֱסȣֻɵĴڳŻƶĳǰ
ϸɴͳֻ΢Ϸ΢࣬ظҲ࣬ת١
û취ʮߵС͸Ŀ̫ע˵޾Ѿˡ
»ظҪգϹա
ͬߣһֱûڣͬƫѾ֮ˣϾͬԻѾϷˡ
ƫĶЩ͵ˣǻ˼룬ΪֲͬҲ׷Ǿˡ


18 õ
Ҫյĳǽϵҷ֮⣬еҲǸŮǹĵϹɶ
ƫƫ۵ĲǿÿϹǱӰǰŪĵµ໽Уգǿ
֮⻹ۣ۵ľСܣǲǴĽϷ˿ϲСܡ
Ҳûǵķ˿Ƿľĵĺˡ
ˢˢ΢תѶϢʱ䡣
СʱֻӻԭزԶľ룬ôʱ䣬ֻŲ˲Զľ롣
ٶȣƶµ϶δܳȥǲҪڳϹҹɣҪ
صֻС˯ĺܺõӣյе䣬ӱ̯ӸϸϸĸǺãСֺͶͷȷˣſαϺճ˵
ϹܹǮָǾȥǼǡ
ΪΪȴУҽܴ̥ɲص˺
˵ʵʱˣֻҽ˵ʲôʲô
һ˺֮ڼ˰ſʼ
ҲΪ֮ûκηӾͻȻˣ˸ûüǼǣҲû
ˣ̫Сֱȥ˾飬Сһճʱĸû뿪ͬһеһ
ʹѾϷ˶ʮˣһ˼Ҳ˵תתĹġ
߰ԭһ𣬵ǵǼǵһϣһֱϵڡ
˺ܶճǸɷ򣬺ðְ֣Լͥ𣬶ҲõĲˡ
ǲǼǣǾ;ãǸˣȻǮ࣬ճʱ;˼ͺϣȻǴڱλãǽָȴôҲճ
Ҳճʲôرôࡣ
ΪһˣȴΪϴΪչ˺ӣչ˼ңǸĸ˿ĸ
ѾĹˣճίĸԼ
ճôõһˣǸµˣҲóܹõĽ̸ʶǲףȴԸһչңãҪ˭ã
ôģҲȷôġ
ԣƴҹҪҪңճõģҲ˼ʲôҲҪˡ


19 ³ һϹ
ֻǣճҪĵĻжͬʱҲɡ
ȷʲôҲû˵Ϊ˺ͽһ𣬻һޱҵѽĿ޵۾ˡ
װװ伫Ϊڽߡ
ֻǣ˵Ĵˣվб𴩵һ죬ƭ޸ĸûйңҵСްһֱΪԼܿԱŷĶá
ڣҵ˹ԿҪסˣҪ¶ˡ
ճΪѣ֪ҪôͽϽԼݣ˾Ⱥ֤˵
ʱʹ¶ڣҲʵϵİ£ܲˡ
ճתͷ϶εߣٺ١һЦͷȥһʽǡ
ãճſĽϣ촽Ĵˣճɫʶ˿ڿˮ
ճѸٻͷôȥ̲סģҪǳڴ·ϣֱӰ͵ˡ
ϻЦתתԼ飬ִӱĲӣںϣͷϣԣǰĶﴵллϹһֱչ˼ңչСϹˡ
ճõԳģֻĶǹһֱ´ܣˡ
ûתͷһֺۣݺݵһᣬ޺޵ģֱеŷ
ãûǰĳѾǰˣԭزء
ĳӲͷˣεΡİȣžѳڰˡ
಻˼Ŀһۣճ𣬳ǰһξ룬Ȼֶסˡ
³˷꣬ʹſյҲû취С
ǣסˣû취ֲܷݵأٴ㻹ǵùԹԵĶš
ϴǷ³ģֲһֱףһֱϹշգҲܶһ·
ͨƵĺܣûκճ˵Ͼ͸ˡ
Ƥ𽥿ʼܣͷҲһһ³ҹ˯˯
ɾ˯ˣϹģǿţޱȵĿ
ճͨӾһЦˣ˾˯ɣˡȶ공һͻؼҵģġ
ŲǵġԼ۾Ժֹ
ˣ˯ɣľͽҺòá
һҪŶһ˵ţһߵȥ˯ˡ


20 Ϊϲ϶
ճҲûڲ³֮󣬿Ż˼ҡ
˳ȥԷģһһС˯ˣƻҲû취ʵˡ
С¥£ȿŰСһﱧȥúãȻ¥ֱӰѽ˸¥ȥ
Сûеݣ붼ԼƽʱˣѾˣ˵Ÿˡ
ֻճҵİˣһ·Ъƺһ㲻۵ӡ
ǿ׳ֱ¡ļ⣬ܿǸġ
һ¥ţ˷ڴϣѵЬӺס
ϲ֪̫ˣǶճȫȻΣûзʹôڣҲûҪѹӣ˯ɺܳ
ճĴӡһǣǺñӣ¥ȥö
·Ҫ޹ھӣǸ壬ʮ̫̫ԸͦŹֵģ俴ճͽͬˡ
ճСŶһľͿǻӴ˼濪ģ˼ñӶ˲֪٣㻹˼ӡ
ճƽʱһʶΪһŮĹ¹ˣƢٻֵ㣬˵ʲôϵ
ҲΪסִԲճƢá
Σ̫žʹճĵߣϾЩ˵Щ˵
϶ֱӾܾҪȥҪûطһԶĵͬùȻҲñ˺ùɢſġ
ֻǣǸһֱȥˣճ˺ƽǹĶŵαװֳ۾Ц϶ûط˰ɣŲ˵˺ų죬ֳ˵˵ģôŻû˺ˣϡ档
϶ܣô˵ԼĿܲϻһҪˣճȻǰݺݵǽһȭԣûڵĻֱӱ˶
һȭȥǽƤʹһ¸ǴĻµ϶һͷһ
ճ棬ʮ֮ȥ˺ܳһʱϴСүүѵֿɲǼٵġ
϶ôͶˣŵһȭȥ϶ɵˡ
϶Ӳ̧۶ճ۵׺εɣټ˵ȥճôһ¡
ճ۾΢У˿вһɶִأ϶Ҫڲ֪ô治⶯һ٣
϶ɷ׵ɫĿճЦһ崺磬϶ס´ʲô˵ʲô˵˰ɣ
϶ŵû˵ˣֻһĵͷʾˡ


21 
ճŴһӣˡ
϶õһ㣬ž˼Ҫˡ
ճü϶Ϊϲ𣬾ǷѵԼǸˣô򲻵ãΪΪôӦô
ܿϧһںģҪ֮Ļû˵ҪȻճŪһһŮĹ¹ӣû
ֻǣǰƫᣬĸɵĳһԲɱȫҵ顣
ֱ˽֮ƢӸ˺ö࣬ǲΪԼҲҪΪϺұ¡
϶ҲҺЩɵһ
һû˿϶ھӵľû˴ʹ˵ճôˣҲûţֻΪ϶ˡ
϶Ե̫һ¥ĳż涼ûикġ
ճ˰ͷҪҪطסô϶Ժӽá
϶һ໰ӾͲˣôһû˵
ҡҡͷЩЩС£ҵð죬š
ֻүүһױסֲңϵĻҪһװ
طôһ㣬ͷϵĸĸһ䷿˫̥Сӵһһ䡣
ҪС߷ϻϲЩݲݵģҪһůԼϲӾҪӾء
ճһ߿һ߻㣬ѽȻһױˣط󣬻Ժ䣬סĿ
УСӿxĸ߲ȫǹϵģŪ˾ȥǿˡ
ڣǻ᲻첻ǵĶ
Ʒĺܣ˵ˣ̳ܽ˶ĸĸֵܲȥٱҵȺݺöˡ
˵ûүӵס
ǺǣһˣүүˣֻҪϺСܾͺá
ƫСүүԼ˼ʹһ֮⣬ʱȫķӶˣһۡ
Ҫ˵ڴճԼš
үүҪľһ˼󣬰ŵߵĿܰˣ˵Ǻǡ
үүһǶġ
벻ˣȻΪǶģΪʲôҪҪռ̳


22 һ֮ϣ
ճҡҡͷȥЩѾ˵Ҳȥˡ
˼СЩƽҲ𽥷ˡ
Ȼ˺۲ʱžʧĶǿķˡ
û£Ǻ˺죬ԼΪ˸϶ŪԼҪȻҽҪ۵ˡ
ȷ˿Žȥ
֮󣬴СֻѾˣĴСϲһ˯ģճСԼѾϡ
ڲ۴ĻСģȻԺûԺǸز
СܶСһӣϴ֣ˣ۾ȻһתͷͿԼҴְ֡
СһССſ첲Ľеְ֣
ʱ򣬽ҲϴСһҪҲſ˸첲Ҫ
һһСһգ۾Ҫ͸оĶҪˡ
Ҳܾ첲ȳģһ죬˻Ȼ˼ıһŲ
˹Թţ§ŽϣﱧСܡ
С˯𣿡
۾ϡһڣ˯ˡ
ţˡСཱུС֣Ҵְʾ
̲סץסСַҧҧģС̲סˡЦ
ճСһͷǿԾǽˣǳȥػǴְ
ϺСܶһۣ˻ɫСſСְ֣֣ҪԺϵ»
˵ˣͽһͰ͵ĳ
ճͷ۵üģôһԴСȷͦãɾǶͳĺһ˲ġ
ϻãһصĵһǰͱһģ
ûСһϲ
ӵĽҲϲˡ
ֻԭԭ򣬲ƻǣճУ˵һֻܳһΣըʳƷʲôóԵġ
˵꣬һһС۵ѸٻˮͰ͵ĳֻС̹
ֿɰ
ĵһάֲסΪһ֮ϣǱΪǺõ뷨ԴǾܾˡ
оǲУװҲûáճάһ֮ϣܾ
һһСһۣǵĴҳǲͬǳǰԵĶˡ
һƲƲ죬ͬŸ첲죬С
ĹĵСģճǺֺЦ˰Ǹӣʮʮġ


23 ϱԷ
ֻǣ黹ûͨճôԼҵء
ɶĲܳԣû˵ܳ԰
ֱһ绰ȥԼҷ궩һλãȥԺóԵȥ
ԼҿķĶζʲôбϣܱЩĸɾ
ֻǰ뾡취үүֽǸӵĴڣΪǸүүԻɢǡ
ǣڣ뿪ˣӱܲԣүүǾͱϡ
ϼŶԼϣԼҲҪʧʧ
ƵüˣŽϺͺһ֮ϼ϶˭˭ϡ
ûϼţȥ˾£ֻǳ˵ˡ
еͲºүӸϣвʲôϵԼ
ֻǣΪһʧҪƭȥԼ֤֤ôİ
һееûģٳѾ쵽ߵˡ
ϺС԰Եǵ㶫컹Уԣһ׼ˡ
Ҳûԣ̫ˣʱҲˡ
ýϸջȥԶٺõģ͵ǽһʱˡ
·ʵзҲʲô治棬ҪȥԼҿķ궼Ҫװ
ųһ·ȥһضκܺõĵ棬Ĳн֣¥װŶʱУֻе̫š
ϱԷ
̧ͷգգ۾ڻСҲѧԼСְͷҧָԵĸգ۾
ճѳԱߵǰͷԼƷ
߹ȥϳ䣬۾㿴һǿڲнֵģֻǰôûҵ갡
ճЦͷǽտĵ棬Ҳ룬жûǹأ԰ɣСܣ
˵꣬ԼҶӣͬսߣյһ飬ԹĿ
ϱְԹС飬θоҪˡ
ϽģԲ𣬶Բ֪ǣҺóʱûйǺòá
ճĵͷãˡ
Сѧֲ壬ãˡ
Ŵ˶úǿġ
ճһֱֻСһһֻԼҰ˵Сϸ˽ȥ


24 ȥԷ
յзԱЦӭòİӭ˶õİ䡣
䲻󣬾һСԲĸˣһڸպá
ߣмСܡ
Ա˵ճѲ˵ϣ㣬ֻǾҪֻ߲֪߲˲⣬ѾˣҪά͡
ƲƲ죬ôǸǣðɣǸûûʮСǣĲҪôۡ
ΪȻӣճ첲ȥͷϸˣ֣㻹ô
ϳͷϲ̵ȥˡ
һվŵķԱʾϰιһ칷ܳȥ֡
డ
ճĲҵϼûаëǮĹϵճ֮޽ģϰǽϺԼ
˵Ƿ꣬˵ǰ֤
ϰŲ˵Ĳ˶ǺٰܹǼҵ״żһλǳԵġ
ǷĴ󵨵ĵˣϾƾһƾմ͵ե֭һһһճҪܺȾƣһ㣬ϸִеġ
ƼݲԼˣҪľܾ
˾͵źϲˡ
ٶͦģϵҲ࣬˳Բ˷ѣСҪڼĽʮֺõϰߡ
ͦϲһӼСϺĵ嵭Ĳʽ
Сܻÿӣճ͸οǣȻСҨųԡ
һ͹ĹҵģһߵĽҲһĳԷһߵգ˸ʮʮСôôɰ
ճһ߸˷ȥϺǣ̣Ҫ˳źСܣֲ죬Լæûóˡ
ϳ̧ͷæչˣԼûԶ٣ٺ١һЦ˼ˡ
ԼһѾõĺóԵģļһֻСϺֺõճǰϹҲԡ
СҲҨһӲΡΡĵݵְָǰְֳԡ
ۿСܿӵڵϣճϽһſڣȥ˽ȥ֡ءһڳԵСϺЦ
СܻѧԹԳ극СְĶ̧ԼҴְֵͷùԣùԡ
ճЦãǵģССְѧˣֲ
һ͵ЦϰિһڣЦϹ


25 ɨ˵
ճͣҲûͿһϺըë˵èһ㣬ʪֽһֱ
һԵճСЦһţСָСְЦСְֱ
ϺȻͣĶСܣСһоϽܣǱԼСְץסӡһʹӡ
һЦֳһš
ʱɣ̫Ҹǻֲгʤ
ǳԵһ룬ԱͻȻ˽齹ƺҪ˵ʲô
ûڣճֱӶһƣһչСһͷûߵĽϣʾȥ˵
Աһ뿪վԽϵȥһ䣬Сһȳԡ
ϹԹԵĵͷ
һ䣬ճԭºЦѸޱĮ£ͼ˿ĵԷЩʡĵľ֪鷳
ϰ壬£ȥɡԱճһﲻʾ·
ǷԱһֱþǸƯĴˣճ۾һɫİ³˳˹ȥ
Ŵ˴µˣĿСƦһ
һڳһӣϰ壬ǣǹ£극Ǯ
ճüǸСƦһѰѾһߣ߹ȥճм´ϰ壬СŮŮѣôˣôˣ
ǸϽƲ壬ϰ壬ңѾˣȡ֡
ճһᣬֿǣֲֹƨ£һþå¶ˣҪʲôã绰Ҿʹ𣿡
һĴţ¶żһ򣬸˵ѹ塣
ճƤЦⲻЦĵ˻ϰģȻʱãҲˣѸϽɣǮʹ㹤ۡ
þһ±ƣԤĸһһִ鷳ӦͦӢ۾
Ȼٷĺãڲ̶ͬ׷
;籾һ
˶ŵʱһ±أ˵õĲһ
ſڣȺ߹ǸſڸŮϷҲˣǵðǮҡ
þҲҵ˼ңϽǮ


26 Сְָɻ
þƣ־һŮ֣ߺŽȥ˴þϰҪԷͽ˼˳Ϸ
ֻϷĽȫǰĽչľˡ
ƴ绰壬Ҳϵĸˣսͨͱͷһѵƣǲϰˣˣ˵飬ʲô˶УҲ
ûа
岻⣬ּûģҲܣȥҸ㣬Ǹ˳ǺÿǮҲԻĸÿҸ㣬ȥ
˵ֱӹҵ绰Ʊһ٣һίֱӱ˶˳һ٣ʲôҲˣֻҧ޺޵һţˡ
ճ˵һ΢Сǹ˾һ¸ˣֻȥԼҰ˺ӳԷȥˡ
һٷԵͦ˵ģˣеţ͸ɴȥȥˣǲн֣ʳ
һֱƵ˾ŵӣСܳŲסˣǲſؼȥ
Сһˢ˸º˯ţϲ߻ԡ
ճѾ˯£ڴϣžĴŵԡ
ճ̧ͷֱֱĿСһ˯ˣ
šվڴߣĺܲ˼
ճѵԷţ֡
һ죬Ȼ֪Ҫ˵ʵѾϷ޿ҪˣǻẦߡ
æľҪܣȥϴ衣
ûܵճһץסԼ
ϴʲô裬һŪ˻Ҫϴһ飬鷳
ճʣµĻʧ˵Ŀڴ䣬һʱֻʣ΢ˮʱʱ΢ĵͺߡ
ڶһ磬Ըˡ
Сܵѵĺ磬˷ܵӡ
Сһһѧһżپ;ı˭磬ճǲʲôӦ֪Ǽڵˡ
Сһ˾ҪճۼֿһѳסԼϱ˸ꡱƣѹСְ̫ˣٶ˯һᣬܱòã
СһƶǶĿһСְָɻԲŲ𴲣
ţԣСְָɻˣǱճȫСӵѣգ۵ġ
СһͷҲѧȸꡱСѾŴְ˿ƬԹԵĵš


27 С
ͽ˯ȥģճڵ̫ݣڻûء
ӵű˯ĺǰģǻһĨ΢΢Ц⣬ճԴ󷢣Сһֻһ¡
ϲǰȫǱ׳ӡӣֻˣճעأûеϵġ
˵ͻ࣬ͷ̲ˡ
ճ±СһжϣСҨųԡ
СһõĲ̫ϣĿһճûӣСּճЦ
Ц̵ͦСӣҪ㻹СֻҪǹͺá
Сܵͷԡ
緹ˢ룬ĵ绰ˡ
ճͷһʮ磬ڼȥ档
ճǹһĨЦôԼģֻнϵ˫̥ܵܣͽ
ɣûţСǰ컹ֹء
ϣǵ¥ˣȥҶϵ绰
ʮĻ˫̥ĵܵܣӺѣ氮֡
˵¥£ȷǣӲˣ顱š
ճţ˽һЦиѵǽ磬ˣҸأ
һܳȣֻĶͷ硣
绹ûأȽɡ
˴СݣԵҲУҲУǲ֡
ճӹţҲûǮÿ
ͰͣóһȥֺСֶȥˡ
ģܿ浽һȥˣЦһš
ǳǳһЦûǮڵߣͨ߻ġ˵Һ͵ܵܶԼ򹤣ȫҾôһ˭
ճһѿڶߣȥˣ˵ʱúòǡ
ڵذһŵˣȻ磬ҴӼõز۰ⶣġ
ճһ㶣ȻȻתͷȥ
Цװ۰ɿˣͬҸһˣһȥ۰ֲ̾ƣҶ˵Ҹ̨ˡ
ճֻ֪ʹͷ˵ˣе㼤ͷ
۰ʵͬˣҪӻǸ
ճֻǹÿĵˡ


28 ˼ҵ
ϵĸһֱûͬһ𣬵ǽϲϣԸŴѵõǿһᣬˡ
ʵҲ֪־ӲˣˣϸոճǴ׷ӵʱ͸ʮǮҪͷĬϵģҲò
ܵܣϴѧҪӣӲǼǴ˹
ǸԣСͥȴԼʡԼãҲҪ硣
ճǸʱͲˣ˸֮Ϊʲôܲô࣬Աݣϵļ˾ʹ
Ȼعϼ֮ҲǺܶ˵ĺٴ򹤣ǰ˹˾
Ҳǽϰ֣һʼͬ⽭ϺһһƢˣһ٣һֱˣȻûؼҡ
һ٣Ȼǲϳϣʼ̬Ҳǣⲻܵز
ⲻɿڵļ
ĸôǰӵģҵλ˺޲ûͲҪȻˡ
ҲңûŴүүְֵıͻģҽϲ벻ǡ
񣬽Ҳ˵ЩԼ֪Ҫ˲졣
Ҳ߹ȥһһСһѣ̣ѺֵһȥֻСҲ߹šһڣһˮ
Ц̣ܵܲˣץСָָ磬Ϊɶ״˾ˣС˾ҲҪס
СܾòƫҲһˮҲһɵЦСܹһš
˰СʱϲԺߵŷԼܵˣ˯˴롣
Ҳȥҡ۾๾İճݸˮȥ
˯һҸģ˵ˣǽȥ𣿡۵Ķ۾
ϹĹգ㻵ۣ׽Ū硣
ͷѹˣû²Ҫ۸磬С״
Ҳ۸ҡȻǸ磬Ϊԭܵ෴ܵ裬ֻ֮ꡣ
ܸܵߴӢչʮ꣬͸ͷֱһϣԱһĸ磬ŸǴ硣
ҲǣϴСŴҲôã֮ܵܶ󣬱۸֪Ϊ˶ټܣϳʱ۸磬Ҳȥ᲻


29 
һʼҪճһʱʵԵıǰֻ۸硣
ԺȷճԼҴһһ⣬ȥʱҲһֱڸ˵ûģ
ֻҪ˶ãǸŮþС
ֵ޼䣬һˣȴֲ˴ĹϵճҪļҵĸо
һֱͶճܺãһֱӴԽϺãҲճãճΥĸо˼ҵů
ʱɣߵļ˲˰ɣ
ϻ·ȥϴּϴ˹ճѹ֤𣿡
˵ճһΣҪָңҪȻͲ֤
ɸֵĵ㱿ţҪָ򲻾͵ˡ
ճɻǽָǵĻˡ
һ֪ˣ˵㱿ˣˣܲѲҪ鰡
ճ°ͣô£ֻһֱûξѣָԡ
ǽϵϹܲ顣
˴һֹϴ˲Ѹٷֿ
ϿԼϹֿܵܣɻĵһأġ
û˵۰ɿˣǻؼҿأ
Ǹʲôʱ򿪵ϣһΪҪأ
ôҲӣһֱȥģȥ˵˵ų̂£ȻȻͷŹˡ
ƲƲ죬̣֪ͬ⣬ǵĺ֣
磬һ˭òȸһҲͲֵ겻ˡ²֡ҪӶ͵ġ
ץһУճⶫûӪƫƫϾϲʳճȰˣ͸ɴѧԼŪԭϣٽ
ճϺ֣ķԼڣҲֵø
ǳԵһӣҲ㡣
˵ܲãܲõݺ;Ӽůвͻ
϶˱ţ̣õһЦӸлס
ǶõĻˡ
СҧСֿСְֳ۰Ͱ͵ģܲӡ
һι
û̫ǣʹҲСһθڣһھͲҪˣһҭûŵı飬ŵýϸϽι˿ţ̡


30 С͸
һǽ˽緹Ȼһ̹ĺȥ졣
磬ûй𣿡ʵ
ûУǸС͸ûоҲûҪҹ͵Լȥʶ˶ЩСݣСԱģ˼˭ῴң
磬ҲԷƱҵݼͦõģϾ㲻ǿưҲ꣬гͷصһ졣οǧãȻԼҸá
ԸɣȦûԴҲûк̨ģҪףֲȦǱû˷ɱͲˡ
˵ͳѧûҵûѧϲֻܿ׬Ǯ
ճԼҰô˵һõۣҪǻȥˣʲôԴŪûУƾۣĸͶʣǸҲ
򴽣֮ѵǣҪԽ϶Լĸ鱣ֻɵ̬ȣӶԼˣԼܲȷԼİ
ϣԼţǼˣ죬СȥѧСҲ뿪ˣȥָ˸ĴģҲ൱ǽˣл˵
˵ˣС˵Ķԣ¹ϻǵϹʲô壬ֻΪ˵ǵִŰˣǽҲִڸָһ
ʱѾǾŵˣǽ쵹ûʲô극ʹ˼Ҳȥˡ
Ҳ̫ȣ¶ܣô㣬̫ѾݶˣǲҪȥɹˡ
˿յ¶𽥽С˾ţСһҲȥŽϣϢʱҲûʲô
ֻֿ½΢ŮӰѺżͼƬȥ
ģż񣬺żҵĴС˧磬ֲżӲϰѴ˧淢أĺ˧ѽУżҵĴ˧զ죿
ʧЦڷ»ظ
ǲҪ𣿱𰡣ҡ֡
˾ͲȥˣĻظתٵĿûɶȤÿԼģ۲Ĳ
ð֮󣬵Ҫĵõ˱գϧûĵû˼ҾģϴƬܲò˾͹Ͼܾˡ
Ͼһ͸ʮ߶һϣҲûĸ벻ºɶģΪʹԣҲûκκô


31 ƽĲνײ
СԼСŸ棬һСųСӾأ˺ö̫ɳɫʲôС
Сһ˾̫ɳõŪĸСﵽǣĿСзСǣһӡ
۵ĸңŪһͱС˾ƻһɢŪɳˡ
СܵƢ֪˭²ģС˾˵ĶҲƵļŪģߣýʮֵĴܣоûκεĳɾ͸С
Ͽط̫СûԼĵطȥճˣճȥµҪĲˣͺһ
ϳҲ鷳ϾǸСǣǶҪעһġ
˷ɹ˪ͿĨһ飬ñ˳ŵ׼ȥǣסճ֣˴žߡ
֮ǰ̲סúÿŰܣȥˣһͻ
ûգǽӦһ˲¥
סСڱȽϵСһǵ࣬⸽ûдͳУһЩҪҪȥԶĵط
סĻϲ˾ûǮģǮ𳵵ûж٣ͦ㣬Ҫȣʱ㣬ʲô£
ö֮ԷγһС͵Уֻһ磬ʲôġ
֮⣬вҳУάСճˡ
ˮ߲ˣ·ʣȵȣһͦʵģô˶ֱ¥
סϰֳҲǰһš
ǣ˿˵۹⣬˵ˣⶼʲôͷˣͬԻѾϷôˣûֲɫģǼֲˡ
ǣȥˣһΪܲãһΪСǣôͨĲгҲûöô֡
ճһһʲô㾡˵
ȱۣ㡣ϵԼ°ͣһһıʳģ˵˵ƺ뵽֮ζһڿˮ
ճιıӣСԻ֮ܶԺʾˡ
ϹɵĵͷϧڲǳзʱڣҪȻֻзԡ
зǿԳСϺǻԵĺܿģճͣʵ̯λǰѯʵĿ
°Ϳһӣе㲻ȷԣ鷳


32 ɶأ
СϺ鷳Ҳ鷳ǻǳԱϺɡָָˮϺǸ⻹ࡣ
ճˣϲԣһһѲգԼջǸѧء
ԴСܣʱڼңûչ˼ңճԶ˼ͥΣϴ·Сѧѧ
ǰ֣ſڵȫһΣеۡ
ǶԱռҴլǿ̰嵽Ͽ෴ϲȻŲνײͨȴҲܰ
ʼӳͰѲˣҲѣǸݴǸӸõĻľƽƽĴڽߣԣȴҸĹһӡ
ճ񣬽ϳյǰˮգգͣͲҧָˣǰӻ֣ϹʲôأôҪԣǾȥ¡
ճץһڣֱϵƤ𪻬ۣȻȲŮ˵ļϸ壬ҲԲȥ
ᰡҳʲôáҪϲ
˵ʵĴʾ޿ҵﲻ᲻˵֣ȴ²찡
뵱ꡭ
廹п뵱أҲǴһ仨أճͽѾһѵĶֽ̧ϰ塣
ϰ壬һ¡
ϰ廹ڻ䵱꣬䲻һƺݺݵĹһԴϣŴɤţ⣬ʲôأڼҵǸСϱ𣿡
һ߽ӹƳƣһߴԩҺСϱûɶҵݻˣȥŰһΣôͲأ
ۿҪһ飬廹üջ˵һ䣬һһʮ
ճֱ΢֧Ŷˡ
ģڲгһеûãһһϹ䣬Ȼعʱ򣬾Ѿˡ
ڱʱɶĶУҲ»ˡ
ֻߵһ룬ĳ׵ĸŷ֣ճĶϲĶܵϲԵһû
ͷҪȻϻȥɣ
ճʧЦǴǳ𣿡
ϲ˼ӣǾ͸˻ȥҸǰ裬СϲԲˣϲˣζ֡
ܱǼСϲ̲ĺá˺ô󾢲Ÿϰ߸Ĺɻٹ


33 ֮
ֲϣ˻һϺһѲߡ
ոߵ¥£˹ճ֮
ûк͹飬ճȻͦջֻǰڽϵĴڣѹסԼƢ
ôˣճãϾ˵˽ʱ䣬û²Ҫ˵ʱ䣬뱻š
֮˵ʵеǲǷС˾
֮ճүүѵӣСʱվⰲߵΨһһͬѡ
ˣүүΪ䲻ճϸֹˡ
ʵ֮ǰҲͨѣѧУѾŤүүΪǻճǲĵˣ䲻ճ˾ǵļˣӴˣû˸ˡ
ֿ˳иأվΪѧУʦǲģֻճ˲һ꣬ͽֹȥѧУǸ˸ּҽ̣ڼ
֮ǸʱվΪ㹻ĺӡ
ճǸʱֱһͷޣ˭˹ԣүү˸ںΪɣûС
֪ԣָٹ̵Ķүүĺ⵼һ
үүһĽ³һˡ
ǣ֪ˣãԣѧ̣ȻȴǸһ
ȻҪɱǣֻһˡ
֮ȻҲ֪ԼôܴճϾһ𳤴󣬶Աˣͦ˽ġ
£Ҳ˵ʲôֻȥסĲӣ⻰˵ģû¾ͲˣǻǷСأ
ճһĿԼϵצӣĿ˵Ľϵ:֮ȷҵķС
֮ﲻֹ:ɶпǣǰɡ
ճһݺݵİۡ
ճΪ˺ͽһ𣬱һѻѻδ¶ڣҲ̫ἰĹȥ飬˽϶֮ﻹͦġ
ǸȻǳѣҵܵǹҲһɣ˶֡Ͽ֮䰵ӿģ֮
֮ٺٵЦø첲˹һĵճ㿴Ŷãĳֻһų˺öˡ
ճô˵̾ţԶ㡣


34 Сǰ
֮һۣģҶûȤȤҲῴš
˵ˣ޲Ϸ
˲ͦôϽϵ飬½أ
һԵĽϿЦõģֻܵ:ȥɣþˮһϡ
֮Ÿճߡ
ճİĶһ˼¥ȷˣͣ͵ı̳֮Ҿ㣬˵ı˵ʵҲʣ𣿡
֮һĸոյӣеŵӦһ֪ˣֲɵϡ
ճ̫εĿ죬ֱ亹ˣŷŹʲô£ҿɲֻң
֮һү˵ͣ˵ŽϻȥҪǲˡ
ճЦƾʲôǵϣ
֮εЦЦճߣ⻰Ǿӹİɣԭʲô
֪֮ճᱻ׺ŪסϾʲôˣ˭
˵ǲ˵˵ʹҹ֪׼û£϶ǰԼٸйˣ϶˵͵ġ
֮ΪѵüϾվԭʵǲô
ڿ˵ҵѣӸ㻹վվǱߣһϸΨǴӣҲС棬ң϶Ҫɱң㶼ܸݵǣǺѰ
ճô䳰ȷķһ٣ٺõƢҲ̲סƫƫ֮Сʱȷǰ˺öĺͿ£ճҲվС棬ճ˵վļϸȫû취
ֻЩ뿪ˣҲˣճվŲٰЩͿˡ
ճҲǸܷ˵ˣֻǵڣеỹˡ
û֮ﵱѣͰȥˡ
ˣҲΪˣ϶ʲôһ֪ܲʵ˵ˣһܰôŰճ˶ְǷ˵ϡ
֮״ҲˣҲϴࡣ
ͦΪѵģ˵վԭȷǲô
˵˵˵ҲҲµĳ޷ǾЩʲô̫˽ˡ
ȵȣ˵˵Ȼܲ³ˣΪҸ
ճŸ첲һͷĴүڡ


35 Ըϴ
˵ϿԼߣܽ飬Ů˽飬ѡѾҺˣϼŵǧ𡣶ܱգս
ճЦϲ˼ǣֻܸҵˣԼ׶ȴܸգһȥһź˵ĲʶŮ˽飬԰ɣΪʲôǸűϣҧӦˡ
ȻСܸ˭ںҲãԼĺӣӦվǸһֱͼƿˣޱ
֮ĬȻվȷ˼
ճһȻһĨƲõЦݣ϶ǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݻǶˣ͸һУʵʵĲɡ
֮ĬԶԣҲ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˼үս޷κ͡
˺һ̸ճͽȥʱѾʮˣôһʱҲˣճȥ֮:߰ɣȥȥ
֮һȻ۲ճôǸү˵ûǳûȥΡ
ճţӭһʶˣһʵ:磬˭ȻûճÿҲĲȥ
ճһۣ˫ܣҷС֮ҵܵܣһн
֮˴кŶܵܣĵܵܰǼĶӰ󲮼ҵǸǱ硣
ճ׳һĿͽ˵أ
֮ȻŶϱܵܣСӰ
ճȱóϴһ˺ܶεģ֮
֮ĿɿڴĿĶ⻹ʶǸռҴүôҲû뵽ĳһүӣԸΪϴ
֮ȻûɶӦ￴ŸɵۣճûҪͰæϴˣҪ͹ȥ𣿡
֮뷭ۣϴ˺ðɣһûϴˣǿ
ճһһֱû㲻ᣬΣү
֮һӣջ˹ȥ̽¡
ճһۣϴ˻Ҫ˽̣Ǳ
˵ô˵ճ˦˦֣æ飬ȥϴˡ
֮ŷ֣֮ǸҲǸүô򵥵鶼ܸҡ
̸ҶһƬƬˮϴ򵥵ļ֮ﻹһˮ


36 
ճѾ˵ʲôˣֱӰ˸ϳȥˣйġ
֮ûɹָĶãɾ֣ѲҶһˡ
ǿˣƾɶð
ڵ֮ſ˺öֻ֮࣬Ҫ漰˾ռҵ飬վͻʮֺͻһ
ûˣҵкȥԼֶȥˡ
֮εɳϣԼǶģͲⲻҪճ˵ҪȻ治
һᣬžòðѿ˳֮ٻΡ
ϻڵ´ϣǼиݣרŷġ
Ϊ˽ʡˮѣ°˵¾һǱľˮͱˡ
ϴ»Ҳţϴ·õĵˮůģɱȵ˶ͱ̹ǵˮöˡ
ڴţû˱飬ͳֻˢˢˢ
ϣڵһѶϢ۵ס
ϼܲճ³ϵĴС顣
³岻һ֮
ü֮Իע⵽ϢȫΪǸǵֺҰһϼȻҲΪӦúԼϹûϵ
Ͼһֻ泴ɵļͥ ôܻһܲãȫʮǿҵܲãоϹ߰
ֻǸԼϹֵͬˣϾλܴûڹ¶棬Ҳ֪ʲôӡ
Ȼô룬ȴֵ˵ĵǣµûš
ۿʱԽԽ磬ճĲҶĲˣпˣԼæҪȥæء
Ͱϴˮ̳˲װϴ¥ߡ
Сûеݣֻ¥ǶԼһĻãһˣֲעضûɶģһ˾ŽϣһЪһ
ò¥ļſڣûţŵǸ̫š
϶Ź֣˻˵Ļ֮⣬ϲɫˣû˸ôš
ԸãƢãҲΪ˻˵Լճñ֮⣬˵ҷϣûϢˡ
һŤͷҲ˼ȴŹĶŽϾ͵Ǹ󣬾Ǹɱ˷Ҳᱻɱ˵ġ


37 嵶һĽ
ôһ˵ǹŹֵı飬˵Ļô¡
ϾͲԸˣϷŵϣһ壬ĲľͿôˣ˵Ҳġ
϶ͲܸԼڵΪ죬˻˵ЩỰĻ֮⣬ͲˣŮ㡣
ֻǿϧֱֱί˵ʽ˵ʹ
̫̫һֱΪƢöŮ֮˭Ҫ
ˣͲ˱ͷԼùҲñ˺ù˲ųڱǰʲô˵ʲôر䡣
ڽ֮ǰסǶԷ򸾣϶ģŪ˼ҷ˻飬Ҵ˷ӣ԰ˡ
ʹͿģ˽֮󣬲쳣һͬԷ͸˳ˣŷı˼ң˼ҾǲɢԽԽá
̫̫ɫŹֵĿһۣȻֿȱ˺ü죬ٺٺ٣㿴ţûвɢĻ顣
һۣѾˣ㻹Ҫɢˣ²ʱϹ˰ɣԲôһԹ״˵ôѹûҪ㡣
ò˵ϼֱͱӵĺ֣˵꣬ҡҡͷҪţſˡ
磬أһᣬҲţ̽һӣֵĿֿǸֱ̫̫Ӽװ
ԹˣﲻҿţҺļһﳶ˰Ƥ
ϽЦģҵĴҵĴ˳ְýȥ
̫ŹŹֵб۾˰ǵķţһһŲ¥СԴĻ԰ɢȥˡ
Ͻ˳ճѾʳģͲ¹ˣϽվԱߣһǣô𣿡
죬ȣȡ
һֱˮôȣֻˡ
ճȻ֪ҲɵԼĿġ
ãˣиϳȥǳ԰ɣϹң̫ȣȥյɡ
ϿȵĶͷ϶ǺˣСԺˣûҪϹ³ôȣյֹϹô࣬ۡ
⻰ֻ߶߶ܵ͵һԹɡ


38 ܰ
ͷˮ°гС飬˳ȥ
ôһϣҲȫȥСܷһڿ֮ͳĽһ
Сǵıг鲻ȿϲӣýԡ
ûһһתֽ˳ʣµһϸϸгС飬ǩˣճ˵ļ϶ι
ճһڳԽȥŷ֣Ѿϸĵȥֻ˹ȿ
֪ճѣϾι֮ǰȥˡ
һĵľٶճĸжջһЦ⡣
ȵҪԷʱѾһһڵİСϸɵˡ
ֻǣȻɲס̫࣬϶ˮ׾ͻС
ǰѲ˶ʱÿ˶̫ϣеԲˡ
˼ģʮ㣬ǻܲԣΪѰ
ͬԶ˵Ľ͵Ц༸Ϊѵ󷢴ȱԲ¾Ͳԣûõǲϱǳԣѣôҳ۲Ͷѣôġ
ʵ⻰Ƕ֮˵ģĪĳ֣ȫ⧲Ͼǰ꣬ճûպܺõһ֮䣬ȫǸˣء
˵֮󣬽ϾͰ˶ճȥдˣϾѲǡ
ԼչСһϾ̫СˣԼԷ
ϸȥ̣ȷŷСһĩˣģֶһ飬ܣһҪСŶҪǳԵ̴̵ĶͲҪˣµ֪𣿡
СܹԹԵĵͷһ޹Բ۾Ե̴̵ģһ³ģСְҲԹԡ
ҲԹԵͷֱСһӡ
ɰڳļĶȻˡ
ֻ֮ոһֱڿûӣ֮ǰҲǣһֱСܳſ
ճһֱ˵Ҷôģ ҶôɰɾûСƬͷҲûÿ
Ҳ֪ǲǹģ
һֱΪһ֮ճͬ⣬ҵĴĸףϾһѾþˣϲͬ⣬ճҲû취ӡ
һֱ٩Ӷˣ׼ȫٶסվ칻ˡ
ôһӲǺͽһ
飬մܲһֱٸӰ


39 
֮һ˫ֵ۾ճϺС֮ص飬¶ǵһ񾭵Ľоˡ
һֱ֮飬ƺҲܲԾɫеѿˣǴһʲô˻ ôôе㡭
ʲôҲ˵ֻǱôţоеˡ
ճ֪ܲʲôһֱ֪СĴԣ˵ǽϱģֻΪСһﲻô˽ϡ
ֻǱ˵ԵûǲԼģ˵ˣܿǾͻʲôģҲˡ
ֻû뵽ԼҲַӦ۾һУͲôˡ
֮ʶ㣬ʲô£ҪȻ
ֻǣ֮Ҳ֪ǹңôģȫû۵ŭȻ۵ĶСܡ
ﻹ룬ԭվ֪⺢Ӳճˣ֣ʲôв׼ճգȫˣ⺢ӸͲճģֲء
˵վô쵰Լӻϵá
ܱ˼ҵ£ⲻǱˣķСȻճϳϣһֱճԼĺѣСʱЩͿ£ڲƭˡ
ֻǣЩϾܵű˵濪ʣ޵ĳճ˸ɫʾǳȥ˵
ճ۵Ĳŭ𣬵ǾûȽͱȽϺãҪæŷ𣬶ںǶΨһĺѣǲϣġ
Ƣ⣬ûڣ֮ѹ˿ڣճҹܲţүҪôԭΪĺӣ˳룬ܿںӵ΢㣬⡭
Ļʽ˺ֱʱſճ۵ѹŵķǹŭ
Ŀ֮۾΢΢ľɱ
֮ʱź֪֪Լ˵ˣ˵ӣ˼Բ˵ϸñ𣿣
֮һ˲ɫɷףЩ˵Щ˵Ǵʲô̶ȣŻû¸ȥճĵߣʲô
˵ˣǲճĺӣѾԼĺˣԼԸģ˵أ
ڽҪôȣճһȭͻ˹صСϡ


40 
֮ûץص㣬ص㲻Ǹ˭ģǽϵĺ˭ģ
صǽϲǺӣ
صǺǽϵģҲνǽϵģôʹճԼͱģҲУ
ˣճһѳ۳Ϻһ֮ൽԼǰҧгݵĶݺݵʲô֤ݣҺ˵СרŰԵһȺûʲôڻ㵣ܾǲһ󡣡
֮ˣҲ˲ˣⲻǽϵĺ𣿡Ϻͱġ
ճֱӰ˦һԣɫһ㣬ǽϵģҲҵġ
֮Ͳ˽ˣԼĺӣҪô裬ʹǰ˵ģɲľͲģԼΪʲôϣΪķСأ
ӣû֪˵ϺͱҲҪҰ
û˵꣬ͿճҪϽ죬ﻹߣôĸ飬ȻȲһֻദ˲ˣҾȻΪһ֮ĸô𣿣ȷ
꣬һȴѾˣҲ˵Ϻͱ
ʲôΰ黳ȻΪ˰˿һҵĴĸףվǻµĻŰɡ
뵽֮ҲˣճһȭŹˣοðɣģȻģֵҲ˵ʲô
ճ˳ǣȷ֮ﵽԲʲôֻٰ⻰ߣֹȥϣѾˡ
ȻϿܻܵί֮Ӳ˵ȥҪ˵ˣͲʲôίǾˡ
Ȼұ֤֮ﲻȥ˵ȴһʱ̽ܲˣȥҲһֱŽϿء
ճһɫǲÿȻ֪ͲҪ˵˵˵ҵĺӾҵģҪǸҵǵ˵ʹҹȥҲﰭۡ
֮˫ֱ֤Ȼ˼˵㣬ǲɵϰ
ճɵĿһۣɵϣȷںѼ˵˵ͷһɣȷɵӽˮ
֮ﾹȻԹһҲ̫˰ɣ¡
ģ´ΣһֱӴȣүүôģʲô˵
֮ﲻźۼĶ˶ճ˱˹Ŀֶζ˵ţճҪǷĻȣҲ᲻


41 
ûȥһ磬ճҲȥˣԺ￴ôô˵ϣġ
˵ˣŲô⻰Ѿˣ֮ҲȱٽȥܻӭŹ֡
ճϣһʹǣƤЦⲻЦĵ֮Ա𣿡
֮￼һ£ûС
ûУûҲҹɣԺٳ𣿡
ʲô˼֮ò׶Ӳˣճ
زôΪ˵Щߣǻȥ汻ϵܵȥһ𶪹˱ȽϺã
֮⡱һӣôһֱأƽʱãһճ飬׳嶯˵²ӡ
Բûǵ飬һʱ嶯ֱڿġ֮ѿĵǸ
ԾͼǵãԺʲô飬ȹ˵ֻ棬ʲô֤ݶûожϣ˵˵
Уε飬ҲԭģǸҲûãԺҲҪҲ뽭Ͽ㣬ǵ飬ڱĵط˵С
֮ĵ׷ôˣǵһοճֱַҰһֺ޲ð˺˵Ĵ
֮ʿĭˡ
һֱ¥£źݺݵĸԼһƣģ˵˵˵ӡ
ӵĵطǼҾԻΪͻܵ˽ҽԺҽ߳רһЩܶ⹫ҽˣжӵ飬Ҳ鲻ͽҲû˵ȥ
Ͼ飬Ŀ³ȥڶһӡ
ԣ˵֮ˣվҲûôģ
ճѹŭһԼɫôѿſ˽ȥ
Ȼһѿıֱۿǽϣ˵Ǽ̸Ӧ͵Ǹո֮Ǹʵ̫¶ǣⶼС
ƣô˵ȴֵܵȵһҲճû֮ǰǵĹǡ
أ
ģԺ󲻻ˡ
㷢С𣿻˵֡
ۣȿȣȷǣǴ˵㣬ǻ߽ϡ
˵Źֲ֣ɵôҸˣ
ǽȥɡ


42 û
صϣոСܲĻ̌ͷһۣǸСأ
˵м£Ҵ뿪ˡ
Ҳôỳˣ϶ճΣôˣϧûꡣ˵껹һΪϧӡ
ճʧЦҰôôɰأ֮ʲôݣܲһٷ𣿾Ϲķʲôö
ˣˣۡǣˣԼҵһ㲻𣿸磬ͱȥˣȲСܰɣˡ
Ͻתƻ⡣
ԣ˼ȻͱתˣȥרĵչСˡ
СӳԷΪչ˶˳ԷٶȣˣȻѾʮˡ
꣬ճͽһȥϴϴˢˢһϴһţϵĺĬ
С˾˾ͺųԱ˵Сɳ￴һӡ
СһȦѵһ𣬽°ͿСܵͷϣֻʶСӣʳ
һһС۵ĶŵӻЦĵطһ𡰿Ц
СģǺСֶͦ񣬶û
ɰˣͳֻ˼Ƭ
룬ͳԼ跢˹ȥ
һᣬĻظ͹ˣһûģǸ磬ˡ
ûסЦѯʣ磬Цɶ
ճǴ磬Ǹ磬ǽͳɶˡ
λֻȻǵƬ˵Сܻ۸磬С
ƲƲ죬Ѿˣûء
⻰պñ˳ĽûϹӶˣ粻Сˡ
ͷ֪иϹñҲŲĽأҲȥһ
ŶҸɶҲҸϹ𣿡Ҵ
ҲŲϲأ˵ҪˣҲҪҸģҪȻͱң˵ˣ־Ӽůп϶ңҲֲ뽫ͣȥŮӰɡ
һȦȼԼҸ磬ֱŷĿ佱ճһð
˵ͳͷСգˮС۾ԡ
СְڶС˾ͷΪǺ飬ҲСͷС˾¡
̱ЦˣСܵһڡ
СܻС֣:С˾ˣˮࡣ
ڳһӾͱЦˣո֮ĲһӾͱɢˡ


43 Ĥ
Сܵʱã׶԰ɵϰߣ˵ˡ
׶԰ֻҪѧҪ˯˵úϢʦϢúϢͲö֪ˡ
ǳԷ̫ˣһСܻû˯˷˯岻á
СһʳҲֲסˣС۾򂀹ǷŴŴĵ:С˾ˣˡ
ðұȥ˯ϲ̵ıСһ˳ڷԸ磬磬ȥصӡո˵û
ЦҡҡͷԹԵ߹ȥصӡ
䣬ѵСףڴϣͦһ˺һСǿɼµġ
Ҫһȥ̽Դһһֱ䵱Ľϵ:Сܹˣ㵽ȥɡ
ʧЦǼҲ󣬾һҲͲʮƽƽʱǺãٶ༸Լûˡ
ڽϻû֮ǰ:ǻҰɣ˾ɳ˯һᣬֻ
Ͽ̫Ը⣬Ǽط̫٣ʵ˯ֻˡ
ûɶ˯ϰߣȥҲûԹϴϢǳʱ䣬ĹĵĲ֪
ճתȥڳְ۵СϲͣĵŪʲôγһĤ
ճָĤϴ˴һĿʹҷĤء
ճٺһЦӱڻͷļϣСۻۻģͰ˿ǵļһʲôĤ
ϱ佱ȻܿģǷ˶˵Ҫ磬ȳٱˡ˵չ˺ԼҲΪҵķ˿𡣡
ճƲƲ죬Ȧ鷳
ЦʲôȦһûʶС͸˶ûУҪ˵׵ģƶš
ճͷĶ䣬ˣ
Ц򣬡Ҫ֣
ճеϧĿĤ¶ĵط̫С˻һĻױƷΪź졣
Ȼ¶Ĳ滹ĺۼڰƤϷۡ
ճĿתĶĿȣͲĿﶢ仨ˡ
СӶڣ뽴𶼲㣬ͻᱻˡ
ܽռܿ԰ɣǣҲˣ׼ǰǸջԼĲӿȥ


44 
ϱһĹȥˡ
ճȻڿĲӣ۾ܺʹֱһץס֣ڲϿ˼ڡ
ǵĽϲûסЦ
ЦĿɰճ̲סһѳĤ׼촽ȥȻһĻױƷ
ҵģǱҲܰСһｲһ£СһСԼ۾ԺģС˾ˣ簲
簲
İСܱ۵СսĶӣһһζ˱ӣСеŴζܺš
һЦ۾
ɳˢֻҲճ顱ѣüֲҴ
ϹǸ˰ɣһӼ͵ͨˣȻıһ˧ˡ
׬ʲôǮ˶ӹӹµµΪµΪΪĸ˭ֲƽֲʲô£ôƽƽĲҲͦá
ͷҳֻƬûǵƬ
룬ֻǸͬͬյء
ϾǸͨСճʵ̫ңԶôҲ뵽һȥ
һᣬҲô£Ǯ˵̫ңԶǻǹԹԵĵͨСɡ
һӷãƺƵС˶㳡Ǳ߱¥ڱε㣬粻˯ƤǺܶࡣ
˰СܳǱһţСȥˡ
СӻǺͬȽϺá
һڵģûȥע⵽Сſڲ֪ʱһɫγһŸ̷Ů³
ſڿ㳡ǱߣŮֱͳԶȻб
˰죬ȷԶԳһ˵ǾҪĶ󣬳Ļ㲻˵мˣ
ǵģС㡣
ûж⣬һмȥɢ˵ļͥƾҵۣȥСүүվǸϻ쵰Ӷˮ
С㣬ô˵ү
죬˭ˣСأ
ѧû¿ΣҪȥ𣿡
ȻҪȥһ۸أ
ǣ˵СĶãǰһŮˣҪүҲôİ޳ȥķʽ
˼һҺͺģҲκϽȥֲȥԼһճҲӦòվǸ϶İţţӦͦԸֵġ
ǣ


45 
ߵճ֪ѾԼˣֺǺǵĿСܺͱأŵĶţ۵ġ
һֱ浽㣬ͽ˾뿪ˣǶĴѧУźܽ˵ҹҲû⣬ǽϼ̫Сװôˡ
ճе뻻״ӣҪȻСһζס£ὭϸĸˣǼ˶࣬˸ûطס
ȻҪ״ӣСķҲ붪ϾȻȴ֮ĸ飬ĵεΣװǵĻ䡣
˸ǣСܻؼң߰·Ǹ˵˵̫ 
ֻǱһ٣ɵҲٵ˺˵ˣֻǹŹֵĿ˺üۣһתǴˡ
ճӶǴξӦˡ
СһؼңԷһ֮Сһﾫþȥ˯ˣȫǹԱ
ȻӶ˯ˣȻǴǵʱ䣬žͲһ𣬵˴ϡ
ڶһ磬ˣĳڵ賿㣬йҲ֪ճôྫǰҲڵҲͦݡ
ճϱ˯һᣬغţȥ˳ȸС͡
ǼãѾõ߲˺˸ϣһľ
Ⱥ̣Ҳ֮ճȥԼҶ𴲡
Сÿѧ;Ѿ쵽ߵˣھСƨ˯
Сһ˯˺⣬ſţǴ͵ģҲû̿㣬ĺúõģû˿ţѵˡ
֪Ϊɶǲϲ̿㣬ڻǴŵӣСкҪСŮһƨɻҶؽȥ
ճСһƨɣСˣѧˣ̫ɹСƨˡ
ˣûûӦҲ𣬾ͺߺ
ճ˼УҪ֪ÿνС𴲶һ󹤳̣ÿҪѵʱ䶼ͦ
Ǳ׶԰ͨ׶԰ܽ·ҪӾ͵ˣСһ˯һᡣ
ڣճһѵĽС˯ɵ˹Żѵ۾ڴϡ
ճһ£ĵĵѹ
ˣǾȥˢˢȥ㰮Եĵòã
СһһԵģҲˣܽԡңѸٵǲѵӣճһЦ


46 
ͣճСһͽ׶԰Сһܹԣ޲ֵģŲСſڽ˵ʦ˹ȥ
òĶʦʦá
ʦЦеĻСѺáʶǱİ༶ʦ
Сܶճӻ֣Լܽȥˣɹˡ
Ҳȥ׶԰
ԱߵļӴĿ޺һ˫ʹţǲʦȥƾĸô嶼ûãŪĸĸһβѡ
֪ĻΪ˶Űһ
ճÿСѧᷢһĻֲ֣ϾÿһСӶҵСôԡ
꺢ߣûֻˣһۣǲʶĺ룬Ϊɧŵ绰ֹˡ
֪ɧŵ绰ͣĴֱֻûĽŮȷˡ
˵մܲãӿô绰ӡ
ճɻ󣬶һڽݣҴĲǹõǸ绰룬ǽ˺֪ĺ룬ˣ
ǣŮǹû˽˵绰ȷû
ǡδϴˣʵ
ǸĵùŮû
𣿡Ҳ⣬˽˵ĵ绰ˣ϶үүİɡ
ֻԷǸŮˣɫѿҲ͸¶һɾǧ֮Į
ˣ㲻Ըҽ飬СҲԸ⣬ԼİˣûȤҲŲмȥСء̬֮ԱǣֱӸûȤ
绰ǡȻûȤﻹҪ绰
ûʲôҾͷѾˣˣĳ벻㣬ҪҪ֣ǳ
ճԺȻЦˣȥ㣬ϸ̸ҶȤ
Žʱѹʱ䣬ճ͸ԼΣȼǸŮˣܸȤܹһݣǾҲҪӱ˵ָֻˡ
һֱ˯Ҫʮˣ𴲣Ŭһ£ϴˢ
ճķӬţѾˣӵ»ѹһűǩ
ϰѱǩճźÿּ
Сèǵøʳȣ׼ģûУθãҪԼ忪Ц𣿲Ϲ˵ƨɡ


47 
Ϲ๾ת飬ڳĺͼ֮ҡڲԭǼӣҲ̫
ǣճԼǹԼ᲻ȡ
۴СԱԷɣҪʳ˲ǳǲеθǾµĲ
룬Ƕȥˣҵİٲٵİɡ
ϲ̵ŴõĵУһ͹ĹĵģС󣬿еһ룬ֻ졣
ץһʾǷɣǸŮӣʵкӣԼһҲǸʮߵСǡ
ͬһҹ˾˾µˣҲһŮԱ
һĹ˾ͬһǩԼֱһϢңΪݲԵ֣˾ͳ˺ˡ
ĺܾ£̫ߣոպһߣȽСһ꣬ҲǸûѧֱӾͽȦ
ɼҲ̫ãͨˣԼ࣬ؼԼ˸Ϲ
ޣŲǣȢá
ϰ롣
ͨ绰洫һһޱӵޣϾͷۣɶãһص㣬ޡ
ôˣֱ˦˰ĺܲ
ţŮܰޱӣְ˵չұչһӻһŰҸˡ
޵ļˣѸϳġ
ܲܲˣ޵ԸŮѲŻ㣬Ѿˣס
ϲ嵶ľҲû˭ˡ
Ȼһ޵ĸˣϱİֻõĶԶһߵĶ䡣
ɿЪģѽģֱӱ죬죬˵һ˳޿ģ㷳ԸӦҸˣӦŮѡ
ɡáһƺ⻰ҭסˣҲɹĲˣðֹҲŲϲأӲŮĿɰ
һžµԱվһ΢׳ŮߣţΥ͸С
ϸ־Сɵģֻʺϱ˱ڻۡ
Ǹۿ˻ԼģͿҲࡣ
˵ˣµкӾӦҸϹ
ϰģ룬컵ЦԼҵܸܵܽˡ
룬˼ҷɺͽģŲȥء
أȥ㣬ٿŶ
ĽϾǸصˣԼϹ⡣


48 
ҡ޿ȵ꣬ǡҲԶǸ108һ߿һ˵ģ˵ᡣ
Уңʰһ¾ͳȥٿ˰
˵ֱӹҵ绰һħ֪᲻ֱˤ绰
ڰճİͳԵ๾ࡱȸţ̣ϻ¾Ӽҷ˶׳Ͷ̿㣬ɹͷϿ۸ñ׼ϡ
ֻԿףֱӳˡ
ȫ±ϳļƣǰϵó
ʮӣת˼·ڣ͵޿ȣֻǻûȥڲ淢һˣȻԼǲӰΣ̫Ϥˡ
˺ӾͲ֪ȥϹ滹һ̷Ůӡ
λϣſڿȥĲ̫С
üɵ˽ȥǲȷƵƵҪǲܳȥ϶ȥȷһ¡
ȻϹû취̫Ҫǲ˽ԼϹ˭˽⣿
ҵɵĿѾˣһ˫۾ȴͮͮģɰųһӵֽ֮⡣
Ÿ첲λϣʾֽʰˣÿ
Ա˼Ҵɨɾ棬ֳҭ˼£һίӡ
ƺ˼ƵƵ񣬶һֱһ죬ƺܵίҪޡ
ϳǣ죬ܲǲ˰
ǰɳűӣֳһֽ
ͷۣҲ̫Ͼʧȷ
޵һ࣬ˣˣʲôľ˵ɣҲͰ𣿡
ô˵̲ˣսȼգҲһٵˣݹģֱһ
һСʱϾһȣ󵹿ˮϸŮѵȱ㣬˯һֱ̲ס˯
ǸҪϻͰһ㶼õ˵ˣ·Ų£һֶûȥ
Ҳô£ÿһŮѣֵɶһ̫ޣŮ˻ޣԸ¶û취Ůѳ
ԸҲҪֶ˭ԼϹһ̲ˮǶˣǸصˡ
˭Ҫ۸ͷҧģҲҪ˺һ


49 
ϱ˼Ȼ˵Ƿȵ˵췢ɣͣһȴ۷ֱֱֱĶ󣬸û˵
ǣŭˣѱصһţડһǱһȻ񣬾Ϳ淽ŭ
εһЦһڿΣķһŭ𣬹죬ϣ˵ʲô𣿡
ΪޱӱŮ𣿡
һѪܵ࣬ĵСϣµĶ𣿡
ϲЦˣҪĸǸ޵ӣ϶ϲġ
ɳ׷Ͷ湵ͨȷģѰ
˻أӰߣһֱע棬̫⣬˽ȥþ
ƺĵĺܿĵӣ˵ЦģȻûʲôܵĶǾĪ˾Ǻ䡣
ϳĿ߽ˣվĶ߽ˣ۵Ĳš
Ϥճڵʶȫժ۾һɢͷԭ˹ŵƽϡ
װŵЦݣһһ͸¶һɹһϲʶģճ
ճһ˿˽İΪԵͬʱҲڻɣʶճʶճ
ԭߵճûȥעˣֻǷɿվƺ̫ԣҲ˲ȥŮѵĲˡ
ĵվᳶ˳ôˣ
󣬿ɾôһȴճ΢΢۾ٿתͷǡö˽۲ŵ񣬴㵵:ϣ
˼촽ȴ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵֪ҪôʣŮ̫֮ãֲòɣ
ճ̫˽ԼҰˣһˣĵһɲұᣬ˵ˣûκιϵҪ˵ĻӦǺϵɣ
¾ͼеĽ͵:ᣬҺͨϵ
˵ѰɣǣҲֻôˡ
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ϵҪ𣿡ɶĲǵһ˲
˵꣬ͱﲻסЦˣɵģմܲãʲôûұ˵̫Цˡ
˵꣬ŵŶЦᶼˡ
ԭھǹϵĽգգ۾ʾ£մܲã
ճûİһЦûɶһۣҲܼ棬һһѽ͵Ľϱ
˵һؼٸ͡н£ҺûκιϵֻĿһ£ںѡ
ϲ뻳˾ţеίĵ:𣿡
ӻĲճЦᣬ󷽵ĶԽһ֣ãСɰҽȷ˵ģͨѶǣǺϵݻ
Լİˣ࣬ǸŮӣڶѧء
Ͽճճͷʾ˵Ķģۿſסֺգãҽнϡ˵껹˳ӡ
Ŀһ֣ˣһ˲ǻһٻ𣿡ˣ
ϿɱɿճһŵĿֿôĵͷ㲻Ѱɣ
ȻǣƾҺճۣ˭ҲмȥС
ûѣҲϹ˵ģʲô𣿡
ճжĿ벻˳ȴûУѾעĿˣǱˡ
գգ۾ȻּĿճıۣҵСɰʹֲصôʵĽʺš
ճһĵ֣ɫ֪ܳҼҵıɰԶ㣬ٴ⡣
У˭ϡҰҼǸ׷֣ͲĽҵˡջ˸߲ҵأһתˣץԼһͷ̷裬౦ɶʱҳȥԼᰡ
һٶŪĽЦͣոջڱأǹһɨˡ
ճһɿ˭ϣԷİᣬǲںҪڻһӵˣһί
ɱԼˮģڵޱεҲǣҲǣȿôһ־磬־ֱһ칷ʾЧ衣


50 
Ϊ˱˵⣬Ⱥ꣬Ϊװ飬ߵ̫Ҳ˸ɸ
ɴľλϣо˺һƲ죬Ҫֹסӡ
֪û⣬û˿޸˳ӣ򵥽ˡ
֮ǰճ׵ɫӲǺƤİѽϵֻҪˡ
ճһֱصңǺǸʲô˼ΪɶҪұĵ绰룿Ҫɶɶ
ϰ˵Ӧǿճɫ̲סЦûҪĵ绰룬Ϊ˹ģ
ճԴ׵Ӻܺ棬Ͳˡ
һ壬촽С˵ɣմܲãô£
һԼұոջһӻճˣͷһһ͵齭ϵɫӣ²ҳϵСһ
ϲƹﲻסЦŬȰԼЦЦһҪʳҪȻֲ֮ˡ
ճۿװɻ첻ȥҧҧȥˣͷһͷҲһ
Ͳţ˵ˣȻװװƤĲԼұ뿪Լ뿪ˣǰѹҷ飬ҲҪҳ
˹Ҫ˵йˣҪӦң˵֮ܣܲҪңòã
ϲ㱻ЦͦѽΪɶǰôأ
ֻǿͰ͵ӣֲ̲סһһֱԼֱԼӲĳܿ۾Ҫ˵ʲôˣҪҲ⣬Ͳԭ㡣
ճˣ˰׼վ˵ˣǸ˵մܲõȷңϼŵĶ³ܲá
˵ŵĿ
ϼŵܲãճ
ճͷȻŵĿ
Ǹֽʱʱͷǰһӻ˵ǸˣӽӲתץ˵ͷȴȻô¡
ճŵʿĭǣүү˽ԷųȥϢֻ㣬ĿȥͱĲɵ
ϺȻü°ͣ˽ǸոտǸŮҲڿȵ󣿣
󼸾䣬𽥰θߣʼ˰˶ȡ
ճһ֪Ҫ⣬Ұײǻ⵱ȻҲǶôһֱûгܵԭ򣬵ȻҲΪҰƢá
ôһ֪Ҫ㣬Ҳ˲ýһѰģҲˣûʲôҪ¹˾ϼһ죬ǵȨǲٶǵָֻţԲٿء
űģ
ģҲ˵ˣԼİ˲ĲҲǲҸҵʵݣȥҪȻҾʹһȥˡ
ĲƭңֱݺݵһԼͨͨ۾űʡ
ģҺûаϵҲԸģҺ취ƵءճҼеĿ۾ֱֱģģ˿ӱܡ
㡣ڲٻɣתֵΪʲôҲʵݣΪ䲻ֻ棿
ǲǣⲻ˵ˣźˣҵڶȥ˵䲻ϣҲ䲻㣬ôãһҸˡ
ϱΪЦ͡һЦϹôãûңеڶϣ
ֻԼһӵıʲôǣֻҪ㣬ֻ㣬Ҳܶ뿪𣿡
ϱ˵ĺܲ˼ͷӶˣȥ
ճ⻰˸ţϲһץӢϼȲɵЦݣ㲻뿪ң
ϵͷȥģ
뿪ңĲᶪҲܣ᲻Ҫң
ҪҪ㡣ʹͷ챻ʷˡ
ҪҾȥ֤
źá
˵꣬ȻӦʲôһ㶣ûָأ
ȵȣܲã۹ڵĴܲãͲҪָôǮԼͺá
ǲ԰Լ򣬺岻ͬˣճҪĲ̫õĽָ
ԣҪָ
̫߰࣬˼ңһԴëӣ˼һǺѵõľţǼˡ
Ǳ߾ᣬճѾϲ̵׼ȥ֤ˣʱ¹﷭·ء


51 
ϿЩ·Եʵأ
ÿ·ȥ֤ҪأȻҪĺõ㡣ճشϲ̵ķ¹
ƲƲ죬ҲŲҪȥ֤أ
ճˣΪɶ
㿴Ȧ۾׵ģȥտ϶ÿҲŲҪȥءϹĹ죬ָָԼ۾ӣȻû޳ȷǺġ
ճ˿ǲԸȥԼ֤УǱԭͺãΪԸء
ûµģĲģ˵ˣܺÿ϶ġճ·ˣȥԼȥˣҲҪ֤ˣҹζࡣ
ϰһۣ˭˵ֲɵϣôǸǰɣ֤յͷֲ˾ӿ϶ÿ
ճˣȥסĶͷҪҲܣҪȥ֤ͽ죡
ȰɴҲˣˡ
ӲţȥҲɣһױ
˵ʵڵͲഺٵʱڣƽʱϷϲױģˮ۰ģĽԭףҪЩ˹ѧƷ
ⲻ𣿲ױǿ΢ͷϵ覴øĳ
ϾһӾôһΣҲ׼еڶΣⱲ϶ճͲٰϱˣʹճˡ
Ҫˣϻ᲻ʹ֮ɱԼҲ
ճϿһڣϺһȥ֤ͺã¾½ϵȵʱַڣԲżȰ֤
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˵֤Ҳһοһǣ˵ˣ֤֮үүܲͬ˰Ҳÿ˼Ұֲ֤أ
ճһװʽҲ˧ֻڴ̫ã³ɣеţڿſյŵıǼð
ϲôữױǼ򵥵Ĵ覣ѿ޺ȦͱǼڸסӺãҪӲÿữױ
ױתͷͿһŵճıģȻҪǼ֤ˣⱲΨһһΣȻҲĿʼˡ
Ҳѧճȥһʽװ룬ĴôصװҪ߳ȥֲȥμɶģ̫¡
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Сʱ֤ͺˣĺƤС
С߳¥е㲻̫ʵĸо
ôͺˣô򵥵ģһˣ֤ˣĽˣ
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Žϻһ״ȥһѰ˱ʹת˸ȦȦڳˣҲĵ㲻Ҫˡ
ϻ񣬿ţΧһȦֵģÿ϶ףЦ⣬ûʲôֵɫýûôߡ
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ճƽ˷ŵϣ˵ü֮ţܸоԷļ顣
𽥿˵ע£ǽһ೤ǣһ˿ģֻԼŶ顣


52 
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ճȴȥѽָҲˣȴˡࡱĶӴˡ
һЦ˵лӻ֣һӣһЩг׵ӵˡ
һ·ǼҽϱԷ̧ͷƣճڿԴ󷽷ĳˣǹͬĲҵռٷ֮ʮĹɷݣҲģ˵Ϊ㿪ķꡣ
ϾһͨˣǮûڶճݻе㲻ôܽܣԺлز
ͻȻţӴ㽨Ŀŷ꣬ճΪģǳ͸ǿˡ
ճҲ֪ԼͻȻеϾҰ˶뷨ͣԭǸӼҺϣĿǰԽͻȻһ۹ڵܲá
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ĽֻԺҲҪСЩ˵ˣҲҪΪϹҶǴˣڿͦ˵Ϲκ˲
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ֲóܣһܾͻû˵Ŀޣûճ˵
ʹ޵ĶճǰǻװʲôҲûŬļЦΪľǲճ֪
ͲΣĿĹճ˫۲ϸ۾˵ֻǲ뽭Ϊѡ
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ˣҲ˯ĵ㣬ճȥָأѾҪ˽Ӻӵʱˣȥˡ
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СҲˣӦѧϰ鷿ˣҰ칫ҲҪϲңֺܶ໨ҪһӾء˵ôǲùˡ
ϰָͷһ£԰ҲҲԷɣֻ᲻ô죿
Ȼ﷢鲢Ƕô⣬ȴǲĥĻ䡣
ճô˽֪ܲʲôȻûı飬Ҳоĳɣ˵ˡ
Ѿ׷ˣ£᲻Ҳ᲻ãǵĻ䣬ҲǰҲҪǿʱҪԸ⣬סļҾ߲ᶯһ˶ɨ𣿡
ϱ˵ˣҪճǸܲõĻǰ֪ټסеۡ
Ϸɢһ˼ά뵽ճÿγУϺõװ·ųƾɵСһ߼γű·ϡ
֮ˣѾ˼άѾ֪ɢȥˣЦĲ֡
ճΣֻεıԼҰˣԷЦȥ
ִΣʲôأЦôţ
šûʲô룬ţһ·Ȼ¥ݣһˮΣ
ճΣԼұԶȥдС˵ˣǵңͬˣ
ţɣɣģֻҪڣһңǵļҡȥȥģˡЦŵ
ճĴһڣð˵ˣһӣڡ
ţڣһӡ
Ļʧ˵Ĵݼ䣬Ͳš


53 ܺ
ôȷӵ飬һᣬȥһСһˡ
׶԰ĺϣֻ׼һ˽ûнͿҲ׼Ӻӣϵ㣬׼Ӻӡ
׶԰Ϊ˺ӵİȫҲƴˣصļϣĺӳ⡣
ϽȥţճȥСһӳһһǣ˼·ߡ
ߵʱӷʳԣҲͲҪճٶˡ
֮ʦȺ﷢õռֽС
˷˳˳ֶȥˣ˭ûڼôֽ䡣Ѳȥʦõҵͨõҵӵģҳġ
Σʦõҵ㻹ɲɣ겻ɶģǵȱĺӶе棬ҧָɿţ
ûֶֽΣȫҶˣһεĽ﷭һѾѹ˵ֽӣ̵ģװֽ䣬֮ˡ
л֪˭ӵİɣҪȻľ͵ȥˡ
ҳ֣Сһ︺һ߳ԷϹָӡ
һְָ࣬Ҫô𤣬Ҫôӡ
ϿСȣһ߳ԷͻϸϹ֣ûķۣϹָӣбǻ۵ɶҺְ˸ɶ
ǵæ˰죬òȶˣȴһĲ񣬿ճûǸְ
Сܺȹһ࣬ϸ˰ǸֵĶȻСЦĿģڹ꣬ڹ꣬Ĵڹꡣ
ϱЦˣվءһ˹ȥСһ˵ڵأ˵ĸϣĶƤҹ
Сķ̲סһֱЦ
ϺֳһţЦְǣ۸㣬۸㡣
ССְЦĳᣬȴҲĿڣСְƤƤǴڹ꣬ڹꡣ
ϰ۵ȵСƨҧȥСܸЦûߣ๾һְֱֵĽűߣĶ㵽ȥˡ
Ҫȥ׷ڶճСְ֣ƤƤ
ϹĹ
ȥ
צ˹ȥȴճм䣬͸ճ쳤ȥץСȦӶ
ССĿүĻЦ泩
ճĿֳһţһƬܰá
˺һᣬʱ䳤һ˻û죬ɴ컹ûڣˣСһ¥ȥˡ
С˶㳡һȺӵԼҺ棬ܱûгһȺСѴһ׷׷ֵģҲ֡
ֻոһᣬѾСԤ׵ģСҲǡ
ϺճϽչȥô£
Сܵĸ첲ϱ˺üӡӣѾѪˣ༸޵СҲǣ϶ˡ
мһǶкֺһ˴չҲûһ㺦»ߺڵ˼
ĸӲԼҵıԼ᲻öִһСС۵Ĳˣ⻹´ˣˣӳѪˡ
ϰСһﱧıôˣСְ˵
Сܴеһʼǣе㲻˵СְָԼ˹СһָǸ˵Скǡ
ΪʲôҪǰСְ֣
ߣʹǡ
С˵ޣĺҲڸҳ״ôȷӦСкߣСǲˡ
ֳôһҳĻţСк軹²ؼǱֻһۣƶЩ˲ôɣ
ҳĿ̵ˣֱӶǸҳеܶܵɣ
֪˼ֻһ̧Ƥӣֻôһ䣬СʲôȻֵͷȥֻȥˡ
ҳסˣʲôţһСͰǺ۸ȥˡ
˾ܵ˵ļַ
ʲô˰⣬Һ۸ǣǸûе𣿡
ҶСߣˣ㵽ãֱ׳ģ˭ҺӲǸˣҵĽ԰ɣ
Ȼʲô˽ʲôӣûнСҲûС
⻰Ůסˣֱֵ໡һɤӣͿʼˣҼҶǸôˣǿƾʲôܸ棬һ߶ѣǼеǡ
ȥ⻹ˣҺȶִߵģֱ׳ˡ


54 
ô˵һСкΧĴ¿ˮͷһҰ
һǷ
׻˵ûܼҳûܺӣɶ֪Һɶˡ
һȺҳһţСкսǿһ˶߰˸ȺԽսԽµļơ
ճͽˣܽȥһһ𳳡
ճڵĿԣĵǸŮˣ۵ŽѹֲסıŰ˫ַһԣճȭѹԼҪֵ
СһվǺӣϲˣϽںͲˡ
ֻǣվʲǿһתֹ
СգˮԲ۾ӵģŽϣСְ֣Ҳ 
ϵ:ʲôҵģСְ־ʲô
ס۸ʹȥǲ۸ˣҲñ۸㲻ȥΪ۸´μ㡣شңҪҪ
СȻû̫Сְֵ˼Ҳ¶ףСְֵ˼Ǳ˴㣬ҲҪ
ǱߵսڼСܿһǸȻֺСֶգе㷢𣬵һСְȭˡ
СֶոǰųݺݵһСֶգһʼûƶϾС꣬ǸСֶձСܴ˽һţȻСҲ΢ֺģȳƣСֶһ۾ˡ
ԱһС΢ޣǹ龫СһƲƣҲȥæСһСƵڵأˤ˸ƨɶס
ϾٴҲǸСӣôһƣƨۣǿܲޣڵ쿪ʼ
һԼӿˣҲ˲ϳȺˣ˹һڵϣһߵһߺ̲סˣˡ
˭ƵҼҺӣϽ㡣
Ǹæ˵СҳһѰѺӱȥĽģզأ㻹ܴӰͣ㺢۸˿ԣ˱˻ֵģӶûôģ
԰ΪԼ˭ôᣬΪСҿѽ
ӻС£ôˣûٿ⡣
λץס˻ᣬѸոŮ˵ĻĻˡ
ϲסϲ͹۸ˣΪ˺ܺ۸԰ɣ
ⶼɶиģԼҺӵ֣ߣǻȥˮôÿȮ
ĲûסЦڼʱס
ǸСкվԭأһһɷǺÿҲ˵ˡ
ʵһСģûҪֵôģʹڣģӷˣûеһʱǸ˵Һû̡
˭ҺӲǱô۸һŭˣһַĸ
Ůû˵ˣҳǷ׷ź뿪ǰָŵϻڵȵĺӣ֣:Ժ󿴵Զ㣬棬ǵ𣿡
ļҳҲӣԺܸ档
ʲôҲû˵˼ࡣ
ֺӲģΪļҳ۸˵ӦãճֻҪĸĸģҲȻǸӡ
ֻǣͲǵˣϾǱ˼ҵļ£ǹܲţԺ󣬱СĺڸСкˡ
ܺӵıضһܼҳʱ簮ǰǺֻЩҳһֱװˡ
Сܿһˣճɴͽؼˡ
ֱʱճؿڴǹɱŰɢҲ侲
ʱͻȻûŴϰֺүүıӣֻǹɱԸ˺׵˵Ļ쵰ģոҪǽϴĺãͻѹֲסԼŭ𣬳ȥˡ
ڣϴĺܺãȽСһֽѵ˲ܼҳΪһС£ͰҽԺ
ϻͷԼϹɫƺôÿеţǹԼʽðɣ뵽õĴʽΪ̵ųġ
ôˣϹô𣿡ͻȻӦʲô±ģǲе㴦
֪ճֻЦҡҡͷӲУֱһѰ˱˻һڣɵĺܺã㴦ĺܶԣܼҳŵܺӣӦ
˲ңҲˣֽ˶мЩˣЦһţòȻֺ˴˵棬ȴȻЦİá
ճԼȻȴ뺢Ҳһ䣬ΪĿĲֶεԸϣҪŴСܰϣٽ̳һԼ


55 
ؼϴˢû취СܵңͼӮ˽ȥСһｲ¡
ǰѩĹ£СһﻹûʮΪʲôʱ˹¾͹ԹԵ˯ˡ
ճںñӣȥʱ֣ſڴϿһ־һ˴д˧ë׶ɼ
֪ʶȦӰۣݼɣ˾͵ģǽϵż
һӴ˳־Ͱ־ˣĶŴҳ˧ϹҲɣ
ʧЦԴ׵ճСеһƴ￴ܿɰ
ֻǿɰɰϹҪģԶԶԣ˧˧Ϲȫ˧ģ˰ɣ
ճİ˷ϣѹڶ£۵Ĺ˶ӶԶƤĦһ
ճüΪʲôôأ
ϱʹ̫أƲֻЦĵû㣬˧ģأȥ
ճģֹ˹󣬾ȻֱӰ˴˹ȥſˡ
ճϱӰסĵط۵󣬡á
ϱ˸ſڴ϶ãڹһ㻮֫ճå
ճΰ꣬ȻåҾå㿴
˵ֱӸ˰ɶˣᣬϸոѽи̫ǿϹҲãûо˯
ڶһ磬ظģʽճܺõСȥѧ±˰ҹĽϼű˯
ճ꺢ӣؼһװӳ˿һ˿ȥ۾ժ
һ˲䣬̱Ǹ߸ϲܲãǸԼЦһůľӼůС
ճ˯СһĽϣ۵ĳ磬ȥϰˣȥָ
ϧϱڵ̫ݣ˯һ
ճһЦʲô˧磬ʲôż񣬿һҲ˧ٿǸżֻܿң
ճް룬ұģʹϲֽƬҲУ˵ǻǸ˵־
Դ׵ľ磬ǡ
ճȥϰˣϹڱ˯ذġ
ʱ򣬽ǱѵģԭڴϣܲסθܣȲѣ
ոϴϣһţ̽ȥճĵ绰ˣҹҲˣ·ҴȥԷ극ȥָòã㲻һֱҪ𣿡
ϲ˼գҪճ򣬿֪ҪԼ
Ǳ߲ճ߾׺˼룬֣Ϊɶ֤֮׻ûʧأ
ôˣǲԸ𣿻ȻԼ򣬿ǮûԼ˽ǮǮ򰡣԰Ϲͺãòã
һһֻļһָֻ绰ǿǸļ飬һ𾪣ǼܲþȻһĺ˵ˣҪº
ܲó˻ЦᳰЦЦֵЦǲһЦ
һСᣬһִһҪõӹ㡣
ţ˵ճƽʱڹ˾Ǹɶ󰡣
ϵͷǵ绰濴Ӧһðһ£һ·ȥ
ճ˿ǲҪԼ͵ľͺã㻻·ſڵңȥͣ극ȥ𣿡
ϺܹԵӦһҵ㡣Ҳˡ
ճĹҶϵ绰Լұֹֿɰ
˵绰ԭһЦ̱ɫȻ̱һҲԳƲº͡
չķɻֹ˾ôˣһĹ¹ļƣΪոǸǴ
Ѿ̸ˣҪ̫ˣҷǹ˾ֵǮǾǸˣǸչҲûʲôֵĹ˾
ĺܺãڵ顣
ճ°ͣҿȷĸ㣬չǹ˾Ϊʲô֮ģ˭Ҷ֪֮ҪչֻΪҵİǼҹ˾ǸСƹ˾䲻Ҽұ
ǣܲüҵİû˵ǸãΪɶƵǼҹ˾ϣûһϵġ
ֻ⻰ɲҵܲ˵ҪȻ׼ܲһŭⷹɾͱסˡ
ǺϲݹģȻۣҹ󣬵˾ֻ̫̣Ҫķ֮£ϰҲ鷳
겻ʮ꣬Ǵ껪˵Ӧöϰ룬λãҰ
ʮĸ񣬰һԲϾ͸һӵı̬շģ


56 
ճŲĸ̣˫ֵ°ͣҲû˼ļˣֹġ
ǼСƹ˾ȷ䲻ҼұģҪɴԼһ˾档
΢΢ſ죬̫Ǹˣ˾棬ȻܲǮԣҲôԷ
ܲöԼʯ֮ģд󷽵ģ׷һҹ˾ģǵһ˵
༸򣬿Ǽֹ˾ʹûɶǸ˾ҪչҲòһǧ򰡣Ҫ֪»أȻǲģҲͦɹ۵ģҲԲֹһǧˡ
ճֹûˣҪҲҪԼұһ£ҪȻˣġ
һֻѾʮһˣѱһҲ°ȥԷɣȥҼұԴˡ
˵ֱӰ˶ԭأֹװףˡ
ԭسǣ⻹ǹܲ𣿲ҲЩĽҪҲиôǹԼⱲҲֵˡ
ųȥѾվСſڵĽϣֱ¥ұһֱϲԺʣûȻǸȻԸ
һӵĺʣȴûӣһֱŤһ飬ûɶֵĵط
ϵıӣڿʲôأҺ𣿡ʹװ΢һ
ϱһ󣬻Լıӣ죬۸ҡȻ̲סۣҼϹ˧
ճεĿ佱˸һڽǰ˼ƽʱģòϣαֱŪһͨ졣
ϲ˵ķԱĿбӣԼĵ鴤ǣһĹ
ճԼǱӣԱȥˣѸݺݵһڣǵȻϹ˧ģԴԼ졣
϶ͷˡ
ճ֣ȥӽϣӻߵ˭˵˭Ϲ˧ģʵ
úã˧ģġң㲻ҡ
Цᶼˣͣһ߶㣬Ц˵ģǺÿ
ճû꣬ԱŽˣɹĽѾûĽϡ
ճЦĽڻģ´λ˵Ϲ𣿡
ûҡҡͷһۣͻ۸ҡ
Ҽұ۸۸˭
Ĵ˳ȥԼһԼ۾ȴ͵͵ȥϵĺóԵġ
ճüǰɣ
֣Ϻзȥǵȥǣȥ̵ȥ̣÷СԼǰһָֻ˹˼ԣԾ͹
Ϲ˰쾢ǵֵסʳջ󣬹ԹԵͶˡ
ճץס˺üڣŷ˹ȥԷ
һķ꣬Ѿһˣһ٣߻
ճϽȥ
߽ȥģûʲôڣԱ޾ɵڹ̨棬ݵʱ򣬼۾ˡ
߽һǣֵˣǿ˹
λָĻǡԱӲ΢Цʵ
ûʿ䣬Խ䣬Ҫ׽ģʽҪ̫£һͺáճǣŽϵֲɿھ˵Ҫ󣬿Ѿ˺ܾˡ
λʿԽרʲôʵĶУλѡԱ۾һȥҲҲɵģؼԷʲôλġ
ͬԻϷڶͬǷ׷׿׽ɼҡ
Ĵ󻷾£ԭֻŮԽģҲ׷ƳпԽ䣬ŮŮԽ䣬ʮֻῴͷ
רĿʽ࣬ԽָûʲôһԲ̻ơ
ҪٶҪľ꣬Ҳ꣬ŮԶԽǰ㻨ࡣ
ճŽϿһȦûãֶôÿһ´ڽϸָϵӣͲ⣬ÿ
ԱҲǸģ⣬Ҵ·ҲӣǸǮġ
ȥܣãˣǲʽ⡣
ʲôƼ𣿡ô˵֪ôܵˡ
λԶǵʦᰴҪƳҪĿʽҲѡ
Уҵƣ𣿡
ʵ˵ҪֳɵľУԾԾԵվǲɨˣͷһЦ⡣
һһֱ˵ķԱˣһʼΪߴǸǸɰģ֪˼Ҹǻ衣
Ӵѽʾˡ


57 
ǶһԣϾҪ׽УʽҲ򵥣΢һһJ.Nдĸ΢СһĿS.CдĸҪꡣ
ճһ߷ԸԱһ߼¼¼ϻһ顣
û⣬ճȷ˰塣
ⶫȥûýժȻҪŪһԼģȻҲûҪժˡ
ҪýһӶģ˵ǸûԵүүˣҲܰѽϴߡ
ǣʲô֣ҵһµǼǣҪѺ𡣡
ճţȥѺ
ԲԲתϣתһȦɵϣճôƣ˽ָϵдֵд
ϲ̵ģֱĸо治
ճǱ߰Ѻ󣬹Աʵ:λҪĶԽҪɿڵĻǲڵġڵҪλָڵûô鷳ǺķѲ϶ࡣ
ճһ£ڵȻɡ
õģλһһ¡
ճͷȥнһȴһ벻ںͽ졣
ȻһҲ֪ĵɶۿҪִڽϣһõӡ
ճɫͱˣȥݺݵĿ֣ӵһֿ
Ҿ֪ҼұĻ죬ŷֿڶ죬Ȳĳˣ
ÿϵ죬ۣвɣҳСɰܺãԼϲҲ˵˵ֲǼʳз֣֮һûôɵ뱻ˡ
ճ۾΢Уǲ̫ţģ
ǰɣǾѸԵİԼһˣҲȷһ£Ա˴˲ġ
ȻȻһƣǰýϽ̸ķԼ
ҵİҲ֪ô£ǲ̫ԼԼô׷ԼҲա
ȻЩ޼һܿģⲻձ˵ҪԼҲܾ
ξҪ͸࣬ϴҵǸСɰ
Ҳ֪Сɰ̫ỹľˣͰԼķ¸˵ˡ
Сɰ˵̫ǿƣҪһ㣬ŮҪģҲûá
ĥһ£ƺô¡ȷͦǿƣѹһֱϲԼ
ҪСɰҪô࣬ͱ۵ļһˡ
ճˣ˭Ҳ˳˭ҪҪһ˵ô
಻Էۿճ⣬ҲʵԼҪģŤͷߣʱ彭Ϸ˸ǣˣСɰ
ϸӻ֣ĳ̳һѰˣĴ⣬Ҫ֣ǺˣԺ󿴼Զ㡣
̲סʧЦڳԴ׵ĳһڣԴ׵ĳɰ
ȻĳôߵһҲܻǲ滹ٿֱˡ
ѽϿеһ߻أŻ۵죬Źˡ
ǵһǣ仹ǵ˵棬һǴͷ쵽˲Ӹһͷճﲻϳˡ
ճҲ⣬ϹһĨóѵЦ⣬Żﲻϳĳȥָˡ
ָ⣬Ϊ˺һᣬճԭȥأʱҲˣҪӣʱѾˣСҪѧˣСʱȷȻؼˡ
ճȰѽͻؼңԼֻ˹˾ҪȰԼڵ鴦ϣǸεĺ쵼
ֻʱƻ仯죬ԭճڶԼұȥģȴһסˡ
վֵһŪϾһü죬˯ڹ˾Ҷûع
˹ǽϳ˺СѧҲҪȥˣԹԵĴڼ
ڽϺ͹ԹԵĴڼﲻˣļͥճûжϸ˵˽Ҳ֪үүֵĺܲһĵز
Ϊвһ£үүʱ䣬ַ̳һˣȻûеѪȷĵزҲŪĹжĻ̡̻
ֵصĻϼźϼţڲֵĺأͨһֶվܺеĲҵǲðҪʹǽһֹȨ
֮ôЭ
ΪǵȨȫߣүүȻһֱĴһˡ
ҴүүֵܵĶˣģԭûʲô飬ǱƲѣֶԿճˡ


58 
ۿҪͷ˵ĶӣһҪϺԿַǲǸԶ氮
һƬȻҽǿǿʢ˾Ҫ֣Ǿǿϼǿȴû뵽Ǳ˸ûǸ˼
ǰѶϢ˭֪
ȻûǸ˼ΪʲôҪѶϢڣⲻý
һʱýĸֲ²𣬵ǵȴûȥǵĲ²⣬æŶòֺ
ȵӦȥʱ䣬Ͽѹýۣ¼ѾԽԽСˣŹ˶ãͻᱻµ档
ճһκݵģȴûгүүȻˣǻ˽ǵĵزֻ˵˽ˣϾôľӪվĵӺأɷѾˣ׻ġ
η粨ǷСĹȥˣճԸûɣҲǳʧܣվʣǵɷˮֻʣ²ٷ֮ʮˡ
ȻֻŪʮ֮ߣճѾͦˣû취֣ǻ´Աеʱ䡣
ǣΨһµһǽԼֲҪԽϺС֣ܶҪҲٹһ飬ֱɱǸ϶
ȥ֮Ǻúõһ½ϣ̫¾һүүͿľ͸Էˡ
ԭȥ飬զϲƽϵһӵģϾô˶ĵĹȥ֪ʹ׽İˡ
Ϊ˽ϲɵıƭߣǾ˵˲ˣվǹȥ飬ܱʧȥĺá
˽ǸүүʱնΪĿĲֶΣҲŪôļҵ˵ƵƲծ̨˲
үүܻڣû˱ȫΪ¶󻼣ܱһ
Ϊ棬õ̻ĺӣҪ֪̿Ǹˣ׷ŶܵСſڡ
ǮƢãɲڶеİ¹أƫƫүү̣ˣǸʱ⽨Ը⣬ȴӲǱż˹ȥϵû꣬ΪұҲΪһֱɱˡ
үүֶκǿҲ֪ʲôǷĲƲȻЩǮ˼ţһ׳
ԴЩүүϾһҲûⶫڡ
Ϊ˹ɷ£ʱýϺͺʣֻץסãҪǸϱ̬ʲôֵ飬׼᲻ŵȥ϶ͱˡ
˵ĹȥϾļͥŻѪԼеġ
үүǿ*ӼұУְҲŴүүļұӣǸģûĵĻ쵰
ܽ𣿻᲻ԼϾԼ̫Զˡ
ճĨһƺҪϵƣĨȥʱѾҪϾŵˣͳԿ״򿪼š
ﻹŵƣϻŸ
СܵŵƣԼԼϵĲ̫Уƺʵڽµӡ
ůĵƹϷŵͣճƣĺȻ͸оˣȫһɳϡ
ְװɳϣճͷֱ۴ɳϣɵĳһ
ȻСƣﶼȲԼ
һսֱս˰̶ۣ岻ۣǾۣ۵ԴһķΡ
Ҫ֣Լһˣ˵ʵòǸϲġûȫ˵󻼣֮󻹵һΣܳװ
Ϣ˺һᣬϴСͿճۼ̱ɳϣ۾ȴüϵƣ֮ɫһ࣬ԭеѪɫϣʱһѪɫûˣ԰һƬ
۵ճϵһһۣҪôۣҪôŬǮУȴ˵ڡ
Ȼû˵ںүүмԼ͸¶һ㣬Ҳµˣֲɵſ
үүڱٿճŬû취
Ǽ˵ճԼ֪ͱүүˡ
ҪҲǸϹԹһԸСģƴӵŮˣԷүүȨƣǳճûĶǡ
ƵʱֻǱ͵ԶԶģҲճˣĻƽϻɱ
ճȻ˵Щ飬ǵÿô㲥Ϲӣĵġ


59 
߹ȥӱס˫ĸĦ̫ѨУ
˵Ļȥϴ裬ȥȷ극ȥ˯òã
ճץĸ첲ǰְ
ˣҲţʱιϾʹ˯£ʵģɢϴҺͽϴ֮ԡ¶ζ㣬ճıǶˡ
ճʹԵζͷĻƵĵãұһᡣ
ϹȻԹԵĲˣðΣƺӽＳȡ㹻Ļճվȥ˯߽ԡҡ
ϰϵĲȥһ¼ȣ΢¯룬ּ˸лӵΣζǼ򵥵һˡ
ճûʲôҲûʲôԵģֻҪǽģһ㡣
Ǹ͵ӣϾ͸˸һӪ
СѾϺ˯ˣԷʱ˴ְΪʲôþöûˡ
Ͼ͸ְͣкҪҪǲֻǻĺ˯ˣְֲŻÿλĶͷ
СӺú壬ŴְֲǲҪ֮󣬾ͲٲǸˣԹԵ˹˯ˡ
ճΧһԡͳϰˣԼԼŰ˿鸹ȻԣȻǳʱĽ
ĺڷɢˮûиɣϸˮ˳ͷ䵽ǣȻһ·ԡڸסĲ֡
Ҳܻ䣬ô󷽷վ˿εͷԼ
ϵ۹׷Щˮ飬һ·ȥԡˡ˿ڿˮ
Ǹһ֪ȻպҲ۾ˡ
ǸһϵˢһӺˣǲܹ˶ãẦߡ
ճ˵һЦ٩ˣٿҪˣҪ̹𣿡
ϵͺ죬ôһ͸ˡ

ȥȥ𣿡Խ˼ճԽ
ϱˣѳԵһţܽȥˣճ۵ķЦ
ճȥҲ˯£ԭϻǺͨͨģЦŴչȥ͵һڣЦŻصѽȺõķԵ
ȻǼҳˣһһڳԵĽζǳʲôɽ亣ζһ㣬϶Цݡ
ΪԵǼģԼİģûдգζƽƽ棬ҲԵޱ㡣
һ׺ϵĲˣȸ˸ãķ롣
λϢһ£ϴյ
극Ҳھ˯ϴˢ̣صʱͼճһڴϣе㲻Ȼ촽 
ϤĽ֪һžͻʶ촽ʱ£ȴԿ˵
ϲɾ֣߹ȥ֣ĻȻ˫ֻԼ֣ο:ôˣڹʱ𣿡
ճҡҡͷȴ֣ϿΪԼ
˵¡
ʲô£ͷȥȴ˻ȥ
ȲҪңл˵㿴ңҾ˵ˡճеε̧ӡ
ԣĲ̧ͷǹԹԵڡ
ճ˺һᣬҪ˵ҵĹȥԭʵ˵ģϾô̫á
ûг ֪ڵճҪӦֻҪĵһھͺá
֮᲻ң᲻뿪ңԣҲһֱԥ³Ҿ˵ҵļ˶
Ȼɻ󣬵ûгظȻĵߣ˵ǰû߹顣
Ұүүһֵİ£֮ûκһ˿ĸ顭
ճ˵˽⵽ĹȥԽ˽ԽۣһֱһûκԵļﳤ󣬶Ը֪ǵģҲץһůץ˾һ㣬ôҲϷ֡
˵֮ճŵı½ϲҪˡջ
֪ץַףȻվϥߣ۾ֱֱĶģᶨģġ
Ϲ㵽ڵʲôҲΪüͥɣ㣬ǣǵļˣҲǸӰ
Ȼüͬε̾㣬ôҺС𣿡
ճʹҡͷ˵ôˣǱ˺һëɱˡ


60 
ЦⲻˣֲǣһֱǵĺãȫĹȥûϵҿصˣֲļˡ
ҹһӵ㣬ǳǵǸҲ㣬𣿰ֶ˵˵ͿԣжôˣİҿĺΪļ˶뿪㡣ͱţǼˡ
һٵȰ˵ճڲţǼ⣬ҲԣļˣҲԼҲŴǰ
˵ˣһӵԼȺƷݸͲϣҲһڵʲô
ҪǱڵļǣҪȺƷ˺ļǡ
ͨˣͲٻûʧˡ
ѽϵһ§Լϥϣ˳˽ȥҲһֱǰջԼ۰׶ϡ
ҵôãҲ˺þãǲӦðοοҡ
ճһ˵ţ˳ǿȥϷĻᡣ
ڶ죬ԸĽˣճһһֱˬȥȥˡ
ʱ СѾճȥ׶԰һֻʣԼ
е磬ֻʾŰ˵ࡣ
˯һͨ绰ˡ
ǷɣﻷƺӵӣҲ֪ģ
ϣһװӾľ棬ҸƼ㣬˵ԾպɫԱˣ𣿡
ǱʶΪҲ
˵ʵʵͦȥģϾһֱϲģлԾȻμӡ
ǣһ룬ճ˵ĻٳţǱɨβʱһ£ܿͺãסˡ
ﲻʲôæٲܸϺȣϵѾ㹻æˣƽʱҪչǣٸˡ
Ǻźĵ:ǸɣѵȡôᣬҼ£ȥˡ
ƺŲ˵ط˺ܶ࣬˵Ҳŵˡ
ĲǸɫͦҪģѵûء
ȥˣ˵ˣͦҪĽɫֲңûʮߣ˼һ֪òأ
Ǻðɣȥ˵ɹҶϵ绰˹ȥ
ȻݸںһûʮԱԾӦɣҲǸӣѾźѡ
һͬûĻ㲻һԱǵݵҲûԾֱӾͰ˸ˡ
ʹģʲô취Ȧǹ˾ûζҪͷغѺѡ
źҲû취ڳȥ
ǱôһţͲ˯泹ܹˡ
ǲ۵ģڴϲ
ڴϴٴӿʼ๾ࡱ죬Ҳ֪Ϲûи緹
ģܿĵطճµĺۼƿĵطࡣ
ϲŸ첲˴Сֹ:쵰ճأõôˣ쵰Ҫһ١
˵˵ѣá
ڴҪ𴲺Ҫ
һ⻹û·ûϴô˭
磬ҺͶ簡
˿ܻܵãʲôֲܼܵ֡
ٴ·Ҳûϴȥˡ
ܵһѶһͲָŽЦʲôͰ㻹û𴲡
ûǴ磬㻹ЦңŲҲһ
ͷ
˳ָһƣ׼۸硣
ЦĻȥ·ϴˢճϵ˹
ôˣڲ찡
ֵܶһۣ磬пͻȻÿ˶ʮǮĶ˶ʮǲһ£ת˵Ǵ磬ôͻȻôǮˣǲǱƭ˻ôš
ϿĶһ٣ƺ񣬴ţæĻͷȻ˭˸ճˡ
תת۾ӦôǣŲ̫ķӦ
ðɣӦòܣ뵱ķӦˣȻˣǵ˺óʱŷӦ
ȻƵù˺ü죬ΪճʹѾʽȥϰˣȻƽʱûʲô
𴲸ͱСˣͱȥ׶԰µĺС˴к˵ɢ
ԣһֱûʲôʵУʲôǿĹ˾ܣⲻǰһʲôͬ
ȻҲһֱŵǸ˴ûı


61 
ȸ˵˱ˮԷǷӦʱѹ
΢侲˵һֱæ˸ǡ
ץˮһڣɶ°ôġ
ǸǴʵɶҵҲǳɵɢϼŵܣ³ܲá
ۡ
ۡ
һǰһȺˮҲ˲ȥ죬һŵӡ
СܺݺݵĨһϵˮգϼţǸܲڱУֲ鲼ȫǸǿҵ
ϵͷ
ݺݵšԼһѣʹĵͺýϿЦãܵܣأ
ԣǲǴԽʲôѪİԵܲС˵ˣ
侲ˮҲԼĲǸ˼ȥȰԼСܣС侲Ȼͦ˼飬ȻͦͻȻȻ𾪣ǿ˽ܵġ
֪ô˵˽һģ磬ͱӲˣԼôţֻﶶأ˼˵ҡ
һ侲ԳֵһôűȾ䣬˼˵Լ侲
޻ôһһʧ̬ɼжǿ
һϵıӷźãò׻һ̫ȷʣ磬ģ
ţ̵ͷҲû취ƭǣϾôײ𴩵ĻԡǿһͷʲôģǰʱǳݣҲܲɷˡ
ֱֻȻճȷʼܲɷãĺ٣˾Ҳǲڵͷɼж뾵
ôһſһ
磬£ʲôʱĸ˵³̫ǿøǺһʱСֻ
ϵͷֻ졣
ճ˹𣿶Ҹķֻӵģˣͳɣҽȥԣûʱֻίˡ
죬Цһɵɶίԣ˼Ҳ˵ԴǰڼǴ
ðɣճ⣬ϻ˵䣬Ȼﻹܵܡ
ͷͼ۵ĿԼǽһ
ϰһۣһĲ˼ǸϹˣǼ
ǾһһֱҲûúþ۾ۣҲ۰һúóһ١ϾôˣȥҴҵģҲûһֱúþһۡ
ãǵ㡣
ҿȥǣԼСʱ󵽣˸Ǵ绰
Ҷϵ绰Ҳûѹ˵ĶԻ
ڽһĵЦζһܲøǵ˾𣿡
ǰǵ˾Ļڻϡ棬߿ʱڣųǰܺȥͼ֮ġ
Ҳǡͷȷǰô־ճῪҲŴҵܡ
ʹݱˣһ𣿡
žΪ̫˲ûɶоǿǺ𺳵ġŵĵ
ң㻨ǮһѸʮ𣿡
Ǯճ˵ʲôǶЩͨ˵ִũ߳ģʮǮһʾ޿ˡ
˵ۣҹֱӴʮŵǣŸʮ򡣡ûǣҵܲôˣÿ׷أ
ҪֹƵڶжˣϻȡЦҪģʽѧϰһյİԵܲ
ĳ۵ļһﰴֿ˰죬Խˡ
ƴڻʱճĵ绰ˡ
ûӣǽܸܵϽܡ
ܵСſڣճѾڳϵˡ
ǹӼʻ
ͽֵɲסһ߼װճپȻԵþнˣе۾֪Ŀӡ
ճǶྫ˰˲Ͳ˳ʧЦ̧˵Դ࣬ϹɶǶ˸첲ͷǺǰһ𣿴Сֵġ
ֵܺΣΪճΪճԴ
ôһǷˣָֻԭӣӾ˽ȥͷҲ˽ȥ
ճתԸԼұ򿪳ţýȥȻԼתϳǸİڳĽĽʺޡ
˳ڴȤôĽˣҲҸϹչ㣿
Ÿ첲һŤͷҲûĽأ˵ҪչҲչ˱ˣбչҵĵ
üԲţǸԸ񣬻չ˱ˣҲֻܱչɡ
ֻϹ룬ǽԼû뵽뷨ܿ͵õ֤


62 
ֱĵǼƵ꣬ϴϹ˵ֻǳԶٷҪô¡أοǼ˾ۻء
ճ˵Լ˺飬̸һȥԷȳš
ȻճǰźþȥͶԷˣǾڷϲˡ
Աȶ˹֭ճʹæҲûҵıƾһڶȲþƣˣһӶɾƺȹ֭ˡ
ȶˣȥ䡣
ڳʱ򣬱˶ſڳˡ
ҪôǰǸסſڵ뿪أ˿ͷ̫󣬰ŶµʵʵģӲȥУǿͷճûߣ̫
ƺڸ˵ʲôƣҺ˵ˣҲϲ㡣
ΪʲôĲΪʲôϲң⴫һŮ˻ߵĺ
Ǹ˲ͷ죬ƺ뱬ȴǿѹŭ𣬡ƣ䲻˵ϲ㣬ʹǰңҲϲ㣬ܲܲҪôˣ
ҶĽ飬ֵ˺𣿡
Ҳ֪ҽãĸҲͬǵĻ£ΪʲôǲϺһôں㡣Ȼ
˾ͿҪ˻Ů˵ıƷˣҪǹҽ飬ĺһ٣߰ǿӿǷװĶǶ
˻ɣôҶϲ㣬飬ȥҸϲˣҿ𣿡˾͸оԼҪˣŮô˻أ
Ҳţ˵ǲˣƲļ
˾ѾԲмͨˣ̯֣Ȼô˵ǾɣԼϲˣ˰ɣ
Ҳţ϶ƭҵģ԰ɣ͸磬ôϲϱˣ϶ƭҵĶ԰ɣ
ոջ˳ͷˣֲţ˺һѪĽʾԲеŮ޷Գͨ
˾Ѿˣͷ쳤첲һѰѿֵĽ˹ǰǰϷΪ˾͸ԼƵǸҰˡ
еСˣ
˾ͺ뷭ۣҪҶвſڣ̸˹ʲô
ԣˣ𣿡
ɲģҲŲţ㲻һֱϲŮôϲˣ϶ץ˹Ƶģ
λ˾ʹӰۣȻݼããҲܺãʷҲһ򵥣Ů˸·һߵ˲ϣԱģأȦĿս㣬죬ֻҪǸŮˣӲ
ɾ˯£ɾһζûҹԼԼڼЩӹ֬׷ֻۣΪǮļǲǰ˾ǿԼ
㾿Ҫţ˾Ѿʧȥģ˭һԲУ̫ġ
һֱϲˣҾšƼ
˾ͶͷϱһߵĽĥѾ쵽˰ɡ
˾ŬŬû׳Ůˡ
ãסȻһˣŶ԰ɣͲٲҶ԰ɣ˾ͽҧгݵĵ
ƿֿʹͷŲһأʹԼԼȴ֪жˡ
˾תͷϽԲ۾ʱ۾һƬ֣ҪװɣҪһ·޹ʿѣȵȣ𡭡
ûü˾ͰԵǾѾѹŵ촽΢΢ſһͷʹ˽ɨ˿
ое£۾ǰǵ˾ͣز
ǸŮģݺݵһţʹİһۣ޵滨ָ˾ͣСȻܵˡ
˵˼Һһ
۽ǵȵǸŮѾˣʹüΣŰ˸ƿˣȻֱһһԼ촽Ĺĵĵ쵰㻹ҵĳǡ
ŸϲŮӵģôһ쵰ǿˡ
˾죬ٿǸһίһ˫۾ԲĵԼӰ꣬ȻһҲôԽܡ
Сӵζܺãеղܵĸо
ҺܿɰЩŮ˿ɰˡ
ǣ߹ȥ̧Է°ͣһֳڲǽϣݾܾʵСӣָҡ
شĲǽ̸˳ճ˾ͣҵܸԶ㣡
ŭĮ쳣صĽŲ˹


63 
һͷͿһ˹ȭͷĽģһԲϣҪļơ
һ˾͸첲˳ȥһĳճܹȥ
˾ͺʶճֱӰ˸ˣֻɫҲ̫Ȼˣô֪ʲôʱиܵˣҪ֪ĻԲСһëġ
Ұ˵ĵܵܡճʶİ˻ֱ˾͡
˾ռڱҲǸͷĴ壬ϾǱȲϼţ˵ǿҵô˾ռҶǱǰʮˣճһȣĲһ㣬Ȼȥճ
ԭСӰ˾ӣ֮ûʲô£㲻õģ˵԰ɣСӣ
ճ̽ͷͷƤҲŲСӣҽн
ðɣ˵֮ûɶΪճǸŮԣϾһֱû˵ӡ
ֲܺ˵һ˳ǣֻóճ߰ɣ磬ȥԷɡ
ճȷûʲôµӣ˾͵ͷ˻ȥˡ
˾ԭأ°ͣ˼ֹСӣƺͦȤ
ֹ꣬ٲͣ뿪ˣɰɰճŵˣɲǰ
ճǸС˾Ҳŵˡ
Թմܲİͻȥר˾ĸԸġ
ֻǣһȥСķӾԵСˣһװ˵ģͽǽҲӸߣԵÿռѹ֡
ȻҪճˣ֮ǰҪȰѶƵĽָû
ҳ֮⣬Ҫϲ񣬲ôûûֵĸԼܵίȻϿܲ⣬⡣
Ҫѽճİ£˵鹫ȥñҲû취۸
ҪһѣʼҪĻǰүү
ճȥ˵ָĽ꣬˺þòԷΪҪء
õָ󣬽ָȫǰģ򵥵ԲʽֻڿдĻǶϡʯ
Ƽ󷽣š
ճں⣬ԥĸ˽Ǯ
ؼ֮ճӺɫ޺óָϰֵݸϣϣСոպá
ҲճǸָֻֿͬһճץĽָһǣҴù˾飬ҾͲһʢĻȫҵġ
ϿǰͷϹЦݣʲôģʵ̫⣬ʹûУҲһôˣҪĻҲȻܾˡ
һᣬܾܵĶˣˣҲˣǾͲﵱˡ
һߣ˾ͻȥԼĹԢ֮󣬷ɵɳϣֶһߡ
ӿڴͳָ̣䣬ȼ͵³һȦ
ԸеĺԼʶƺһںóԵһ㡣
ͷһȻͻȻݺݵһɳϢ̻
ô죬ǸСӵһֱԺǻȥǸƤĹ籡һζҲ֪ǲǸոճ˱ζĶԣ
Ҳ벻һôһֻһˣǸζܺãҲܿɰٳһζ
ģ϶Ƿˣ˾Լһͷ˳ķܻץֻ
ͨһ룬ҲһˣҪϣճСӣкԼʮ꣬ĺܿɰ
ҵ绰˾ٴεȼһ̣˵һ飬ôҲ벻ᷢԼϣôӾ磬Դ֮Աǣͷ٣㣡
ֻǣСʱһΪϣ˰죬ڴһҵҪĿꡣ
˾ϸϸĿеϣŵüͷɿˣ羹Ȼճİˣ֮ûι⵹Ǻܺò顣
ң羹ȻǸûɶСǣ⵹ǳϰ
ȻȷĿ꣬˾;Ϳʼ׷˼ƻ
ǰЩŮˣǮ£þۺɢȻڿ죬ȴûȳļ¼ý۶Ƿ飬ûʲôԵۡ
ȻҲ鹦ľˣǸȻøŰΧ
ֻǣǰ棬ȴԤУСӣģȻ֪ΪʲôԤС
ҾǽһٸӣҲȾָմܲŵ˰ֻĻԲȥһˡ


64 
֮ļ죬ϹƽǽһºӣչչճȻڴϡ
ƽǱȴ鷳
鷳˾ͣû飬ÿһɧĿܳȥУſڶŸīãŪǷʤ
ǽ죬ոշѧߣ粻סУһķӡ
绹пΣȳˣյУſڣ˵˾͡
һŵĴīһƶţпӼ򵥵ӡһܣôһĿŵĺɫܳԣ
˸ߵˣҲ֪һ£ʮܱ˰ΧĸоôľͳˣİӰ۵
ʱһѻŮΧҪҪǩء
ǳܱΧĸоЦ⣬Ϊ˧Ĵ˸к
ⲻ֪ľֻڵˣһŤͷȨˡ
˾ʹкֽڰУʮΣҲ뵽Ҳвͨһ졣
Լѵ˧𣿿ǲ԰һΧԼŮǵļ֤ԼûʧЧ
˾Ͱ˼⣬ҪȵˣҲû˼˰ΧŮǣ˾һȣȥ׷ˡ
ͽסĲԶһᣬҲ׷
סķӵ°ס˾ͰǽǣǶңҾܣҲ˧𣿡
һ۱һͷļһۣʲôԵܲŶΣʲô˰űԼߣǰԼǽĸ˲𰡣
ݺݵĶһţŽֱģŶٽ㣬ĶȸָɧУȻôϲŮӰΧȥǺˣң˵Ҳϲˡ
˵ƹߣ˾ںһ䣬СӣǿܻӭԴ˰ɣãԺô䶯ĵ㣬𣿡
ΪĻ±һ£Σ˻ɣ
Ҷ˵ˣҲϲˡͲˡ
ûϵҲϲֻϲ㡣˾Ц
ˣֱӶݣݺݵ˦ţ⡣
˾Ҳգܳϳ̣ӵ¿Ŷ¥żڵʱ򣬾һǸ
ѽģ̲סһϵļƤȻѴˡ
µ˾ͿΪɶСô׷ǰЩŮ׷˶ٱɿɰģƢɲ̫á
ѧϰһӣ͵͵İһ죬Ǹ˻¥ûߣвȵͲ뿪ļơ
ȻʶϴӰۣܲϵã
ΪӦûнˣһ֮˭֪˾͸ˡ
ʵ˾ͣ෴еϲֻʷ̫ḻţҲš
Ȼ˵ϲŮӣʵһҲϲˡ
һҸİճһĹ˼ˣǺ˾һծĻĴܲ
ϲϲΪˣϲ
ȻǺЩŮӺþۺɢˣڽһвԽΪĿΪˣå˾;Ǹ
˾֪˽뷨֪᲻ܳû뵽òһΣһ˶ģǸԣ谭ȷǰЩʷ
˺ð죬ȷǲϳû취֮£˸绰˷ݲͣСΪ˶㿪ԼһֱŶӣǰݲͰɡ
ûͿųˣһֱӺ۲Ľ˿
üã˵ʵ֪ҪôӦ˾Ӧ͡
Сʱˣǩ֮óһѵĲƷԼ̼ҴдĿƬ
СӣΪ˶ҲԷҲ֪ϲʲôһЩһ԰ɣԺôҡ˾ˡ
СƬζӳ£Ҳ֪Ǹʲôζ
ֿ飬ŷСƬӳ۾΢Уζ治
ʵ˾ͲûԶһҰƷһԶͣڽĵطԶĲ˳Եˣһĵӡ
ݺݵȭ˸Ү֣СϲʳһƿҲ˵
˾ͳֻˢˢʣ˱¼ϣʱóۿ
ȷѾҲͲͣܳСһţʻƬС·պ÷ѧĽ


65 
ȥ֮󣬷һʳԵĲֺôֱʣȻǸڼ˵ĵֱܵܵʡ
üһ壬ôô࣬˳Բꡣ
ںĵԲű䡣
ѾˣԻܶ𣿽ֻӿԡ
һʱ䣬˾͵ȷǲôҡˣҲˣҲľվѧУſڸΧˣ˻ǻ״򲻶ˡ
ķʤÿμߣҲȷܾ˾;һøﻹǸ
Ҳûʲô飬ҪȻƾҪˡ
죬˾һСӣٶ˺һȥӰɣҵĵӰӳܺÿŶ
ЦˣΪɶȥӰҪȥݵģ㲻ǰ𣿻ɶÿģ
˾ץסĻͷϲǣСӣȥݵľͿ𣿡
Σû˵
˵ˡĳ˸ɴˣ
û˵
˵ˡ˾˵꣬ɷ˵ȥߣҲܣ첻ô㶼ҪȥԼᡣ
ʹȻ˦֣ȴôѲ֡
ţˣˡ
֪ˣң˿ʲôϽɿ
ɣ
˾ͣ쵰Ҫ棬ȥȺŮȥҲˣ治Ҳ档
ʹ˦Ѳⷬǰһֱͷǰߵ˾ͺȻͣҲɿ֡
ڽΪˣҪ뿪ʱ˾ȴһץס˫ְļ۾ֱֱöŽһһٵ
СǰЩ£޴ӱ粵Ƕ㣬ģǱ̬ӵһ֮ȫ㣬ô
ǸĶ˵Ӿ磬ӰˣһڣһֱΪֻᷢڵȴû뵽һ
ҶһˣȻǱ˴˶˽⣬ܸҸᣬ׷
ֻҪᣬҷģҲ˵ģֻһ
˵Уȴж˽һϲͣǸ⣬Ů̫࣬һգֻôһˡ
ǣһѰܸɴľܾԲҲţǰۣϸ¸պ͵ģع괲ָ֣ңϲңϲһˣֻһ
κһŮѶô˵İɣҳǸˣڽڼ䣬һգ̤ϲʱ̫ݣûǸȶȹȥϲˡ
ûǸģһֱʶȣϲȥˣʶȹȥˣҾֳ˹ȥҸ˺úһ𣬶㣬Բ𡣡
⻰˵Ѿ㹻ף˵˾ǲ
˾һ˲ĬɫҲѿӣƺĺأôһ˲䣬Ϊ˵̫ˣ˵ˡ
Ҳֻһ˲ˣܿͼᶨ뷨ϲ˾͵ģأֻģ޷ȫС
ԣȻǸҪ׾ܾġ
˵ģֻһʱĺİˣһʸйˣͻȻζˡ
ԣһʼͲҪϣͺá
ֻǣ͹˾͵ĺƤҲ͹ĳ̶ȡ
˾֪ԼǰۣҲ֪Ҫ׷˲̫ףĺƤʹܾҲ׷ġ
ǰҲߵŮˣĻʽ׷£ɹˡ
֮˾Ͳ֪˺ô׷ŮˣҲûʲôΪҲǮ֮ԵôãҲֻΪ˶೴һʱţԼعȰˡ
֪Ժ˾;ͶǸŮʧȥȤҲôŮѵУһ£Ͱ˸˦ˡ
ܿ϶ܹݣθڣ
ҲԣճɽԼxĸ߲ʹճĹ˾Ҳȥ
ԼЩŮһͼǮʲôҲͼԼȻҲͲҪԼͽᣬҲҪԼθڣϲϲᡣ
Σ˾ҲǸ׷ˣҪȻҲΪӰˣϲˣеģܾҲûá
ѿߣ˾ʹ:СӣҲģ͵Žаɣһ㰮ҵġ
СӵĽһӣò׷ǽվȣͷѾˡ
̲סǳ鴤У˻Ļ쵰
ǸԲеδһ


66 
˾͵ĵԢԷһƿţͱӵζסˡ
ڱǰ˻֣ͼɢǺ˵ζûá
Էֱӹȥƿüôˣѽ˾ռƲˣ
Էĺ죬Ǻѣ֮俪ЦѾϰˣѰĴڡ
˾Ϣ֮̾еǷϣԷ壬ҿһˡ
Է巭ֿۣĸùˣ
ƽʱҪô˵˾Ϳ϶쾹Ȼټûзģûɶ񣬡Ǹкӣһ˫Сһ۾ܿɰ
ԷΪ⣬ǻŮˣȥļкôù
˾Ŵ㾫лǣǲǸȡˡ
Է岻ÿɷ񣬡أϵ𣿡
˵˾;գˣǰЩŮȫ۶һۣȥͶңɸɴĸңҡ
Է֮Աǣã˭ǰ̫࣬˼Ҹ㡣
ܲҪ֪ҲȥôŮѺѾˣܲ𣿡˾ͿյץԼͷ
ԷߣµĴĿǼ˹һͲȥԴûзˣﶼ͸ž㤣ȥ˾մӰۣģ
Ѿʮˣ˵ʵһοֱ飬ݣһͷסҰޣҲ·
ֱ飬ֻǰһΣӰ۵һΣǸ籾ҲץסоݲҪָоǸʱ飬ޣҲȥ·
˾Ҳ֪ɳϱǸɵƶˣֱһ̵١
˾ץ̺УҪ飬ȴ̺Ѿˡ
Է壬ҴûһᷢϣˣݽȥˣҾҪңĿߺܣ̽ңӦô찡
ԷŴ죬Ѿ֪ηӦˣ˵⻰֮ǰԷ廹һֱΪ˾ڸԼЦ֪˾βٸЦԽȥˡ
ǣ˽Է֪Ǹʲô𣿡ôϲ˼ˣ
ǲ֪ȥ˽ⰡͲᡣ
Էʵ˵һ䡰ãǿǷϵӣֲĴתƻ:ļأеĻʹ֣ⲻһ𣿡
˾˦һϣҲ밡һҸͲ岻֡˵˼Ҳûʲôæġ
磬ϣȦʮСǣܴһ𣿡
˾ҡҡͷ㿴Ϲ˭
Բۣճʹ˾ëҲױֿڵԷ嶼̲ס˵˴ֻ
԰ϹȻճôԴӦõŶ԰ôܻǸ͸Է۾
˭֪ݼаɡ
ݼҲû⣬ֻҪĺÿûʲôգֻҪȥˣҲܺŶԣͱȦЩС⣬С֮ģͿһ𣿡
˭֪أʲôԭɣݹĵӾ֮ģǿ
ܺңֻݵ̫࣬ҶҪɫҪƵÿþĵĵӾ磬˸ɴȥ˿ļˡ
һ֮˾üݼҲĲٱЩһûκݼСǿĶˣôôãûأ
ǾͲ֪ˣǻôɣʹôǿĺܣȦ黹Ȧ˰æáԷ
ţ´ٲݣ͸ҸһĽɫɡ˾ҪΪ׷󽭶߾ȹƸῴСһۣ˵Ÿҽɫˡ
ֻһУԼ֪ڿء
ѵõ죬ճһ룬ɴȥ˹˾һ·˴¥ĵطҡڵģҡޱȡ
һ·ûŹ֣һֻֻСܣϼ¡𣬾ȻԵ࣬Ҫ֪ҵСɲᰡ
ճ˼ԣҵˣһ·ޱȇNɪһģһĶԽ䣬Ƽʹ˾ɵҲˡ
ڻˣİˣޱҪˣûѾĴ
Ѹ£ܲ÷Ȼдȶ
һ·ֱ¥һֱճ˽˰칫ңϲ˿Ͼһ·ϱ˶ţǸ۹ڴŪǽŲѡ
ȻǸǣȴǸʮС͸Ŷûʶģ˵ʵĻôϰ˵۹⡣


67 
ճСһɳϣԼؿڣճһЦĿ߹ȥס
ʲôҵİˣԺҪϰǵעӣǵ˾ֻ㣬㣬ԣҪӣûʲôõӵġҪµҲǲ𣿡
ϲֻЦҪճİˣ˭ʶճ˵ĻûзϣҲᾭܵǶʲô⣬ֻһʱϰ߱ôעӰˡ
ճҲ֪һʱı䲻뷨ҲͲȰ
Ǳһ𣬱һԵСܳԴˣҧָ˰죬մɳܹӲ˵м䣬һѱסճȡ
ְƫģҲҪ
СӵĻ˶ЦճԼֱۼ䣬ϴǰϣ˰СһＷм䡣
ճͽһһڣСһĿֱЦСһ㣬ֻҪ֪СְֶϲԼͺá
ֻճǸ칫ĵطûʲôģСһƺʲô⡣
ճ룬ڲ绰飬ȥߡ
Ȼʱ򣬺Ŀ˽ϰ죬ֱճȻһʶʧεĿһȥճȥˡ
ճ룬µģϱͽţһֱſʲôһֱͦ𣿿Ǹûˡ
ڣѾܳȥˣҪϰ⻰һԩǺ𣿿Ҳ
һеҪСԼţҴæ˴ȥԷ극ǾȥӺ𣿡
Ͼ֮һסļңȻҪ⣬Լеסͺã˵ˣֻҪϺСڵĵطǼңסﶼáûǵĻʹǻʹסҲ
ϰϣϺСƤɳ档
˴һһһϷеʱ˭©ˣ˵ˣСʹһЦ
ĵЦӶǣ߻֮üһϲܲþȻû˸ϳȥ
ŽȥѶźãϢ˳ȥתۿܲôϲûһ˿ջӣڰ칫ʱ϶һĨЦ⣬Լˡ
ֱ˳ȥݺݵԼһѣ˻ʹ
۵ôʵҲ֤ĲǼ̫Ҳû߳
ˣרĵĺСְСܣɹıעʵİһԣȥˡ
ЦһСͽ߹ȥԹԵĸ𿪰װ
ǼСɻС֮ģճĽǣСӾӦ棬ҪĺãĿġ
Ҳûʲôҽ֮ģĺѧϰһѴ˶ѧĶһŰ忴ԼС
СүүʩӢŽʲô٣С٣ѣ˹ᴵҲΪүүĹޱЩÿοȫˣһ
ѧЩҲûӺùһЩȻүү߿ܣҪ˽ϣүүŵȥ飬һϲĺӣظϰĹ켣ʹһӡ
ԣ˽ϣҲлıԼ켣
ԣķǸרΣӹı
Ű칫Ŀĵӣ;ȱʧһֱˡ
СԼĿģСɻְְ칫ﵽܣݡģ·ɻҪ
ڰ칫ҲõϾͷԼˣﶫ࣬һŰ칫ͼɳˮ֮ģûж൱ȻҲŵģԼȥˡ
ϵͷԼ΢ȴԼȻѣԭһ
Ӱ˾͹עʮС͸ϵ΢ǺҲ
һʼе£ϸĿ˺ü飬Լ΢ϸһ飬ķ˿ȷ˾͡
ϵԲ۾ŨŨɻ˾ô£ΪʲôͻȻĪĹעԼ֮ûκν
Ȼǳ˾ͣżҲ͹ע˾Ͳִ֪æˣôȥעһʮߵС͸أ
ϰ˼⣬ôҲû뵽˾ΪʲôעԼ
ҵճ죬¶࣬ʱΪʱҴ󱦱ʱֶСû˼ȥˣⷴٶȡ
ֻҲûվˣ෴죬һξЩ߳Ĺ£鷳꣬졣


68 
ճ̧֮࣬ͷϣͼһΪѵӣüһ壬ôôһŵı顣
ôˣ𣿡ϾСе棬ûС
ǣֻ΢ϣ˾ͻȻעңȻһֱżһֱעӦò֪˭һɻ
ճת˼ͷԼԼĲµ˴ţǸСͽһµûи߽ϣΪ޹ؽҪ飬ʲôû˵ֻͻȻֳôһҲǳ˽Ǳߡ
죬ճСЦ˽ϣһüΪǸСͶҵܵܰɣ
ճ˭֪أȻʶҺϾȦķʵڲô
ϵͷȻżҲܳΪݼΪ˾͵ݼһֱƷϲҹά
뵽ǲģԴ绰ȥʡ
绰ͨ洫磬ôͻȻ뵽绰ңǲСˣ
ǣ㡣ϺĴ
ðɣС˾ˣ´μˡʧˡ
ǣˣˣ㡣ϲܵֱ⡣
ʲô£࣬Ҳ
㣬ǲǺ˾ߵĽĪĹעҵ΢ңʶ㣿
׷ңһֱѧУſڶң챻ˣ챻Ҿܾˣһ٣ûңôֻȥˣ
ͷһתˣҴˣ׷㣬Ԯ߾ȹˡ
ͷĽĬֵҪ̸ŮҶܣǲ˾һȻż񣬵ƷǣһѵŮˣҸ˵䲻ģĻƹ϶ˣ֪ûʲôëԣԶ㡣
⻰ֱöĽЦˣЦĵ磬⻰治
˵ʵԶ㡣ûЦһ
ţ֪Ҳɵ֣صĴӦˣȻ󳶿˻⣬Сܡ
˾͹ƴҲ֪Ϊǰƣûʼƣڽ߾ȹɹͱĴ˸ˡ
֪֪Ļ᲻
Ǹ룬Сܾû꣬ߴﹾ˵˽СʱŹҵ绰
˵Ŀڸ
ϻͷȥˮȣͷճ֪뵽ɶһãǿģǹһĨԼûЦݣе졣
ϲĿ߹ȥˮȣǻǹЦݣ̲ס߹ȥǣɵЦʲôأɵģ治
ճõһ£ûʲô˵˾ͻƹˣܿİˡ
ɶĵģȻȻǴοԼ˾͵д~棬һĳԴײ
˰죬Ǹʱʶ˾ͣԵĲֽƬ˵Ĵף˵Ĵףڲ׹Ϊʶ
Լ²˾ͣŻôġ
ǵģĪҳԴףʹ˾͵ˣҲȥ
ϲճݵҲͻûҳԷɴס
һ
ָͷţЦãѽҳɶɴףҵȷǰż񲻴ҲֻżѣҳݼںĻʲôʱԼôûˣĵ˵˧𣿡
ճءһڰָͷŽûóȥ۵ָͷһȦζԡ
ϵֱӺ쵽ףæİָ滹ճӨ͸Ŀˮ˺ܳ˿
ϴ󾽣ŴſˮָҲǣҲǣ˵ĺúõģ۵ǳԴ׵⣬ΪɶֿʼϷˡ
Ǵ죬칫˽
ϺȻѣȻͷһֻۣСָԲ۾Ŀˡ
ϰָóһָҡҡСһܣָܳ࣬ϸԵСǶˡ
СֿܿԼҴְ֣ǴְҲָ
ճ󵼺ӵĵǴְֶСְֵİ
û˵걻߳ŭĽһˤȥ㣬㶼Щʲôأ
ճϵı䣬ȴǱﲻסЦ˵ֲǼٻ
߾죡
Ҳ´ӣǵġ
ճЦЦڶǻ
ϿЦãЦĻǲѣɴ಻ˣСһӵܵĴ󻵵һȥˡ


69 
Сһﵽһȥ֣صĸ¶СܣҪְֺ˵ָǲãǲԵģϸԵǶ
СȻھְֳСְָ£ֺݺݵճһۣԣְ־ͳ˺ܶСְָϵϸ࣬ԣСܲѧǶۡ
ŻǶۣСһ˺ö࣬СָҲ˳ڱһֻʹ˲һҺܹԵӣȵĽ۵СϺݺݵ˺üڡ
ʱڣϲٿֻŶߡ
СһһСֻɻݡɻХճİ칫ﵽܣҲûɶҾߣҲĲ
칫飬ҡҡͷܲϲݲһ˿ӣһֱԼ涼ٶȱϣȻˣܲƺҲϲ˳ʱİ칫ʲôҪ顣
ĳҡҡͷƺܿͻᱻܲѵˣܲõƢɲ̫ð
ϧǣ˰죬鶼ûܲõŭʮֺ棬˵ʲôݰôڣܲöģ
֪ճ棬ûǣЦĿ֣ϵĶͣר־Ķˡ
Ҫ鿴ʱճϵı飬֪᲻ִС֡
һᣬͣϢȥˮԸСһˮôһᣬȣȻпյܲסôڰ
˶һµľֽͷˮ˹˵ĺȥǸӣˮĶơ
ۡ
˺ˮɶһģһ̾ǡ
ճҡͷЦʵСܺԼǺģǷĽüͺеĴ궼ԼֻǵһۿĶ۾ԲŻСܼ϶Լ
ʱ䣬ǲ֪ľȻѾһ磬ճһͶСȥˣļû٣ֻдŤŤġ
˸ɴ಻ˣʱҲˣʹǳȥԷˣ극ȥӣҵʽҪС
ճϵԣ˳ְļߵǰһ𱧵һڣûǳȥԺóԵģȻȥһӺòã
СС֣ôεģôεģӣӡ
Сһֲ塣
ϱСܿճ㻳СһıӣҪȥӣͻԭķߣ𣿡
СһȻûɶ˼ҧָ˼˰죬ϸָóɾСһŻԲ۾תתʲô
ϱߣ˳ڽͣҾǴһܵһ
ǴְֺСְһȥ𣿡
ζСƤϹ˹һЦŻشȻˣȥģְֺСְ־ȥģСµġ
ССԴﻹǲ̫װҵ˼ְֻ֪һֱԼУǺŬĵͷãҪңȥӡ
ЦЦȻСһŲ֪ҵ˼ҲϾҲҵһӣͻȻ뿪ԭϤĻҲŵġ
˵ȥӣ극Сһֲ֧ס⣬ں˯ˣҲе˯ճɴѳͣ¥ĵͣϨ˻˯˵
ؼڴ˯ҪĶ࣬һڵĻǵ˯ҲͲʣˣ˯ء
յ¶ȵͣ³Ӻó̺ӣȥ˸ϡ
ΪкӵԵʣﳤС̺ӵ߰㺢Ʒһѡ
Ҫĺ䣬Աһ߰Ķŵ
ճûʲô˯⣬ʼǱߣһһĴĹ
ڳ˯վǱȲϣ˯ĲֻԺһˡ
СԺ˯ۣ࿿һ۾ͷһһģԺӼֱˣճΪȡ
ˣճرյԣ±ˮµģڷʱ÷Աװģû취ôܳ˯ı׼ȫô죿
ˮݸϣιСһＸڣˣԼŰʣµĺȹ⡣
˷һˮʪֽ֮󣬲Ÿճ˳
ճСһﱧಽĸ˳ŵȥ
ճȻһʹˣֱĿȥˡ
ЩʲôС߲㣬Ԣɶģȫһ۶ûУֱӾȥ˱Ǳߵ¥̡
Ǹոչȥ¥ĿͷӭȥһЦӯӯ


70 ܲÿģʽӸ
ճãִһ۾Ͳ͵װȻﱧŸӣǿĿͷСǰһȫŵĽϣֱȥ˼һߡ
һЦ⣬Ǹ鰡Ҫʲô﹫Ԣ¥С
ֻǣ߯ῴˣȻֱӰѽϼһȥˣҪ֪ճǸӵģҲڽ£ῴ˵ģȻֱӰǼˡ
ΪյϲЦտճһӾͱɫ
ȻȻһ⣬һѰѽϳ˹Ů˵:Ұȥɡ
ͷסˣϵЦҲסˡ
һոעߵĿͷϽǸŮ滻ȥϹʮְҵЦݣ֣صĶԽϾ˸Ǹ:ǸСǸģôᴦҵ񣬵֮
ϱǲôϲƽϵˣڰ֣ôˡ
ճ²ûзز˾ҪȻҲҪܱĵطˣ豸ֻԣҵ֮ĶһӦȫɾǲԷز
ſͷģǰ棬ճҲСһ˹
ˣ￿طǶԺԺҲСűסԼи׾룬Ҫǣһ׶԰һֱе˽ѧУʦۺ񣬽̵Ҳ档
ȻֵطѧҲԸߵס
أ°ͣôˣﻹҪǹԼ򲻾ͺ
е롣
һϱˣϽ壬һ鷳ⲻǰùҪ⣬ǲˣȥҵġ
ϡߡһȻ㶼ѡˣǾɣ㲻˵ѧУҲԶǾ͸պá
ճϱûвˣԼҲЦ˳һ̵ͦıӣطѡˣǻͣҪѡ
ʲôͬ𣿡ûѡĻֻͣգ۾ĿԼϹ
͵¥ԱˣǶûɶ飬˵ˣҪǲ⣬˸ľˣҪȻһҲС
һԵ¥Ա࣬Ƕôƴ֣ǿɲͨ¥Ǳλ˵ͻҲ֪ǮǴţ
һְֱҵʽЦݵ¥Աһճôô죬ϸһۣⲻϼŵܲ𣬱Ϊ½ʯ塣
Ǯֳ˧ȻҥѾˣһֱûİ˭ӦǼٵİɣ
ȵȣղŽ˱ϻжԽ䣬ôҲ˵˾İˡ
¥Աźۼ°ѽϴһ飬죬ɰͦɰģ䲻ܲðο֪ĸŮ˺ӣǣܾϹˣôһ
˵뷨ɿأ˱ԼҸʹϲ˵϶ҲǼʣŮһ
ΪȽϲһӣû޸ǮˣȻϿĶʼɶѾҪʵ廯ˡ
ֻǿϧǽϣûôõ
˻ͣԼ߰һѣ¥Ա˵Ŀڸȴò⡣
һҧʵ:Щʲôλ
ضκõģһԼǧһ㣬ԵĴԼǧһ¥ԱϲԣȴԽе㲻мһС
λϾǣ󣬼϶Ժ䣬һײôıǧ
ճ˵ˣʲôӲסǵ̫ˣ
һôãճܲ˽Щʲôһü֪̫ˣ
СֱܻţԼףĵ:˾һױѣϹһġ˵ͼǧϹַӾ͸׬
ʹɡϱЦˣš
ŰҪһпԼȥϹǮ
ǣϿЦ˲¥
¥ԱȥˣصĿһƫ˵˼
ǺԣһճܲģԼϱȣʲôˣ
ֻҲΪһԣҲֲˣרĿȥˡ
ѡ˰죬һӣʵԺͻѡѡһױȽϿĵıһ˿ںžһƬС͹԰Ҳ㹻á
΢㣬һܹǧһ㡣
ŵļ۸ýϰز񣬵ճûԥûʲôӣҲ½ۣǲ
ضβȻƫԶ˵㣬ԹӶ˾෴徲ûСô߰ˣĽҲҪЩĵ˺£ͦá
ճİˣȷ֮󣬾ʵؿˡ


71 
Կڹ˾¥Ա˵ǸҪȥõ綯
ˣٶ̫ˣǵĳȥɣҵַСճֹ
¥Աһ̶е㿪ģ˭ǸմܲԿĳȻֻ˳·
ԿףۻԱͣճպðѳ
ϱźӺ¥Աһǰ
ճ³ִ򿪺泵ţ֪ϻû꣬¥ԱһЦ˵ллҪꡣ
ճֵĿһҲλС㣬Ҫ𣿡ΪǸĳŰɣƤ湻ġ
¥ԱסˣһΣվڳ⣬һѾ̧ˣȴʮεڿڰҲǣҲǡ
ϽԲûϵȥǰҲԡ
ճֹжͯȫ ͱ󣬰ȫ
ʹ˾ҲʶƫתͷԼó˾ĺǾ԰ȫġ
ϲþܾԹԵ˹ȥСܷڰȫϣϵðȫ
ãճǹţԼֱת˹ȥţ˼ʻҡ
¥ԱճôһΣΣҲĵίͲ
ίɶ˼ûֿ
ƾɶ˼ֲϹҲˣ㿪ǿ㿪Ǳ֡
뵽¥ԱݺݵһźСܵĽϣһƨɵģεºܣմܲôչˣ
ĻܲòŲԼôѿְһۡ
һУûһֱעճĺ΢΢۾Ǹ㲻ЩƵ뷨ȴѡ
ûճѳһأŴǸŮ˵ȻôмϳǾԼ߰ɣǾ͵Сʱʱ򡣡
Ȼһţﳤȥ¥Աһ͵̧Žվԭأɵˡ
ߣŭΪҵòճ˵ʱޣֻ÷ɿͣ綯ȥˡ
·ϣճȵĿСߣϰָͷСóҡҡָСְֲǸ߹֣ܳࡣ
Сܾ죬ԸİָͷóǣְֳСְ֡
飬أ
ϿЦãԼұ꣬ǼҲ̫˵ɣ
һ·˱¥ԱûճͽҲûȥڳȣϾпյ
Ǹ¥Աǧ̤С綯ܹճѾȵĲͷˡ
Գ˽˵ģĺޣȣ͸ͷˡ
ˣճԼ³ȥϺұȥˣȻģ¥Ա˳ǣ۵ļʡ
ճú˼ƽϣֵסұͷζұ۵İ׳գʹٴˣɨԼұʡ
Ȼʣ˵ҵǲģֱ˾ȥĿĵء
( 䨌)Ƚ( 䨌)
һƬСϾһ廯ѧУռܴǸոսûõģԵ˽ѧУ
϶ǱľףŽأСﻹһСĺǿеǶǡþ˹
иܴĺԺǰи⣬ܴ󣬻ûװޣëǸеĶУͲװ޺żҾˡ
ܹʮӣԹסˡ
ճͽ϶⣬һ߿һۣԵ鷿Ƕͯԣмͷ
һ¥ǳӶ˷
¥ԿһӾأһůָ໨ܣȻڲǰżκӣңһһߺȲ裬϶ܡ
ƺӣ¥Աһոջڵģǲ⣬ϾȥҲûɡ
ĻǱһǧ򣬾ǰǧ֮һıҲ׬ò١
۵ĲˣЦӯӯĴȥλ׷𣿡
ճһ۽ϣԼ¶Сܣѯǵ˼
ȻճִҪ򣬽ҲͲֹˣ˵һܲסСҲô£˵һҪסճϲǾɡ
ȻԼǮǽϻ۰
ͷְҪһ״ķӣϲ𣿡
С֪ܲɶ·ʲôģطܶԣҴְֺСְҲҪסֻҪţﶼԡ
ǵͷʧЦ˵СӣȻСҲϲǾװɡ
ճԵ˿ǿĻҪѡطˡ
ʵ˵Щɶ㣬ҪԭǣĹ˾ܽҪʮӾܵ
ҪȻ罭ϣСһպˡ


72 
û˭ĵճһŹ˾ķӣֻΪ˷Լѡ
ۿأ¥Աݺݵ˿ϾҪһ׷Ӻѣ굽һŻɽһʣֻҪɽһɿãĿܲġ
Ҳһֱܷô΢΢һЦʼ˼ҳ
ֻǣĻƺôá
ɰֻǿ̫񰡡
¥ԱЦӯӯģòҳȴǶ
ϲ֪ôӻֲܵ⺢ģԵúΣֻܱСܴԭأڡ
¥ԱС㣬̫ܵˣҲ˵ͱ죬һ˵Ʒ治ô
ϲǻճȴ۾һֱ춾ȥ
¥Ա˸ʵʵعҲͻȻȻˣȻ˵ôһʲô
ȻѼûεı˳ô¶һԵĵ˿ͻһǸͶߣԼˡ
뵽¥ԱϽȵǸǸҲǸ˼ֻǺ棬ϾСʵǲôԡ
⻰˵ģͲǵǸǸԵճΪϺͱ˺ӣһǸӡ
ͻȻý˵һʣ̲衣滹ҪӸֵǸ
ֻڣճѾϻˣֱӿϳٴΰ˶ԭأһţ¥
ճҲûɱģֻȥǮʱ򣬰ǵ۾Ū˳ϾǼǧĴ󵥣Ǻӵġ
λϳճűʶȺܸߵЦӭ˹΢ŵġ
˴֣Ц:ˣֻҪĻҿԸŻŶ
ճģͣѾһףҴ͸ǮŻʲôĲҪҲԣҪҸǮһ
Цʲô˵һᾡȫ
ĸȨƵģһ򹤵ģͽŻô
ճֻһƬǵ¥Աɣ
һۣһ˭۵ƬȻ̫Źۣȷǵ¥Ա
ֹϲԣȻЦ:ǵ¥Աô𣿡
ĹԱۣͣҵİ䳰ȷ˵ȻҵȷһףĲô
ճһûֱӸͶˡ
ͷͿˣ¥ԱƽʱҵܺãǵȷҲӵͶߣΪķӺͨ¥Աӣǲͻһֻ۱һֻۣྯ漸ˡ
Σôôۣڣ˿ûѣϾ˼ҵǣȥΪôһ¥ģ˭С˵һǿɵͨ˲˳ۡ
̲ס︹ ֻȻЦСĵ:Ҫô죿
Ҳûôţ׷ǧһȫǰǸŮ˸ҹ
Ϊˣ˼ûʲôĿװˣ˵ǻǩͶͬ˵ĻҪ⳥ΥԼġ
ճüвֻһҪҵĹ˾Ҳѡôһûж˵СȻӣҾȥҺˡ
˵žҪߣϽˣһ׼ǧķӺһΥԼĸ࣬ǰ׳գ֪ܲ
Ҳû뵽ճôһܲãһ¥¥ԱϣСġ
Ŀû˵ҪȻճֱ׳ĸҵҼұ㡣
ǽϳ½ǣϹҲûôңôݰɣ
Ȼᣬ棬ԼϹӣľȥԡ
ճ֣ĽϹϹ˵ˣֻһݹˣֲҲϹûзɱ뿪ٵȥˡ
룬ô£ճ˵ɱ£ȨûԼϹû׶ס·
˵ˣ˸ѿҲͦջǾϹͷٻһѺˡ
ǣС۵ճͱŸ첲۾Ըϳ˹˾ɶԷô󣬾ǲɿڡ
΢΢ˬĸȥ˷֣ȫǮӹôһ׼ֵǧķ
ȫ̳ĬŸߣֱóǧ򣬻е㷢ƮΣֱճѷԿ֣صķ
Ļ㣬ԺɱҪҰҪȻҾֻ¶޽ͷˡ
ǿͰ͵ýϡ͡һЦ˿ոһֱŵʱȫƹЦһÿճҲƹ⻹Ҫȥ


73 
˷ӣȻҪװޣҾ֮ģҪþãʱҲܾͰȥԻסԭС
װ£ҪǲģճֱӴ绰鶪飬һõװ޹˾
װ޲õĺͻϣԺһӵİˣȻҪúװһ¡
ȥ·ϣ˺һᣬſʵ:Ϲôʱֻдҵ֣˵Ӧд˵
ǰ濪ճЦһҲͷר־ļҵܲöģʽ׷Ӷѣû·֮أ
֮ǰݹԵܲӾ磬߼ô˵һûסЦ
һҲԵȻܲáЦ²
ճˣҪǱҪԵܲĻϹҲᣬҪôԵ˵
ϱáЦˣڵҾϲǸǵĺ˼һܲҲһҪԵ
ͽϲ𣿱ģҪ塣ճ˼ҵϹȴ˿ߵ
úúãϲ㣬˰ɡΡ
˳ëĳ˰ĵͷ⻹ࡣ
ϸۣͷ
ճڿû취ôֻܿͷռˣðô˵Ϲϸҵš
ϼͷһ¶СܣΪ֣ҲСְһճ
ճӺӾ￴ӵĵƤ̲סʧЦźƵʱ䣬һֻ׼˽ϵıӣ۵󣬻ϵĿ顣
ǻʱ°߷ڣȻֶ·ϣƿȥһ㲻ãǳ׶³
ӱסƶǰ˳һУҪٴŲҪһء
ճųԱֳڵĿյص
ۿһ߲ˣճǸ⡣
Ǽ£Ͱĵ°ɣϹô꣬Ϲﰡ
˵ļ򵥣ʵ̫أܸо
㰡ҵİ˰òӦõ˼ˣֻϵĶˣԱҵģѾ㹻ˣԺҪͱãŲṼҵһƬ顣
ճ黰ھҲ֪Ǹ˭ѧģһԼұĹǣҲϲЦտϾ黰˭仹Լŵ˵黰
ڲپЩС£ճ˿Ҫ֪׼һֹ˾棬֪ɶӦ
Լұӣ϶ֻܵš
°ͣĿǰû׼ȫǵȳ֮ٸˡ
ʼƶնĽͨͨճȥԷϿĽϱԷ
ֻ˸սţ˾벻ˣȻǽӰ˾͡
˺þûˣˢһ´ڸ
һı飬ڷſڣһ˦˾͵Ҳ±ĵͷѹ:˾ͣҲϲ㣬治ȥЩŮŮȥٲҡ
˵ߡ
˾ͺ˵ӣǶѸٵһסҽͣǰǰ棬ģǱźͷ׷ģԣҴλòã
Բţһһûɾ׷ңǰŮѻң˵䲻㣬ҹء
˾ɫ̾ͱˣҧгݵʵ:˭˭
ĸԲиɵģ׷׷ô࣬ĶھͲԼˣĸԲл£
һۣ֪ôأ㻹ȥѽ˵ˣһ㲻˼Ҹ˵ײĴһʲô£
⻰˵оݣᣬ˾ȫܷƨ
Ҫ׷󽭶ʱͰһһ˺˵ˣǵǸȡ裬þۺɢЩŮǶ֪֮ˣ֪Լղģԣ˺١
˵ˣҪ߻һһҲȥ׷󽭶ˣ߻һǴˡ
Һֻ棬ͶϸɾˣһΣġ˾Ž֣Ͳַˡ
üҴǰһֱϲŮˣͻȻһҸ˵ϲңٶ壬Ҳֻ֪ͼˣҼʹûȨûų̂Ҳôˣġ
˾ͼֱ챻ƷˣһβöòˣǸˡ
ҪǰôʶôһˣǶϽˡ


74 
һģĶԽģ϶ɣҪˡ
˾ףԽȥˣǸǿʼӲˡ
ϱ̫׷̬Ȱ˾Ҫˡ
Ϊ׷󽭶˵˺üŪľΪӻˣȥҽԺ
ɾ׷޻ǲɹ׷󽭶·ߵޱȼѡ
ۿΧ۵ԽԽ࣬еѾӦʼͷ¼ˡ
˾͵ȫ׷󽭶ع⣬ǽȴԽİɡ
ǣ:ӦӦ뿪ɣ㲻뱻عⲻ𣿡
һҲԣҪߣ˾һקˣԷﶫζ
ٺȺע¼̧ߣѾ˰ĽϺճʱҲպýš
ôֱײˡ
ſ˺һᣬˣ˭ǲһĵطأȻѹ̫ͣҲû취
˸Լ͵˸ɡ
һճ˾־ͷſˣ˼Ҵҳǰɡ
˵ͦϲģ磬磬ôˣǴɡ
ճŸ첲һüԷңɵܵҿģҺ
ŶϱԷζֱý˸
ճ˵Ĵֻ֣˺ü˾ͣĶ˾ͣȴǶԽ˵ģСܣòҽ˰ȥ
˾һ䣬ճ⻰ȫ˵Ц˿ɣֻҪͷ˰ȥ
˾ʶĿ򽭶һĽš
ѿɫȻòˣֻ׷ԼҲûʲôȻҲѿҡҡͷ
˾˿ֿһõЦݣֱתͷȥʧ䣬еίź׷
ҳճʱˣˣ׷ôţˣô˿ţˡ
˾ͺίⶪ˵ġȻȷýع֮ĹϵֻҪּʱһĳҲͻΪӦһء
ճ˰䣬һ԰Ѽȫ˽ȥ
ԭС̫Сˣֻˣϰ壬˭Ҳӡ
ȥ֮һȺԴ۵Сۣ֪Ҫ˵ɶ
˾ʵ֮ģѾʮˣȲŶʮߵճ󣬿ɾϱȲճһء
Ҳ֪Ϊ׷󽭶˼Ҵҳôأ֮ճʱǸоһͷ
ð죬Сܴ֮ĳĬҧСָͰ͵Ŀճְ֣
ճȻǴŰ˺ԷģôΪһ˾أ
ǣΪСˣǰҪ˸ԭǲⶫģΪճҪ󣬴Զһζܺõļȥ
ССҨųԷȥˣζȻܺãһֱϲԼΪ»һֱأϾӪġ
Եôģһ룬еδļƣճһˣֱӶĴһǧǮǽ
Ǹе£̶ϲصĽˣϾֻйûнġ
һŵ˾ͲźۼĴŽϺСܣԭΪ⺢ǽϺͱŮģճ׶νݼ
֮ԽԽľ⺢էһϣϸ֮£ʵֻ۾ϣطȫճüëǱֱ˸ʮʮ
һͷԺʵ̫ƣҡҡͷ˦ˡ
ճŲ˵ˣȷֵܲҪĲˣͰѲ˵ݸ˾֪ͣ񣬶ſеһ㷢
ճ˺һûճõһӣѲ˵һףϣֻҪұϲľˣ˳ɶʲô¡
˾ڴϣҲͬڴģǲݼҲܺãǲĸȦӲġ
ֻǣһŮѣڷ֮ûлͷһҵģ˵ڵ˼ڼ仹Ǻְܳġ
ֻǣƽʱĻţȤģֺ˭ˣֺ˭һˣ͵ˡ
ҪǷԼҵܵϣȫˣһҲĴܲԼĵܷ
Լһֱ˿ҲУ¹ԼҵܵܣżҲУ
˾͸ϵĵһӡѾǻףҲȦˣ֪ˮжѾΪĴɫ۾ȥ˾ˡ
ԣ˾ͻûڽҳǰ¶棬Ѿˡ


75 
˾ͿϹĴԼĿⲻôӣ̲סڨڨһЦ鿴еɵ
ƲƲ죬ϡˡ
Ĳˣ˾ҲûעûԼϲģֻע⽭ȥˡ
Ȼʲôǲ֪ģ׼ļסϲԵĶԺ󷢶ơ
ǲ֪˼۾ĿĲˣǿԼϲĺóԵģעⲻΧˣ͵ҲһǸСԻ
ϲʣϲЩСˣرǳģҧ﷢ģ֮⣬ϲǣǴＹǴ㣬ЩĶ
˾һ߼סϲãһ߶ָϸȥ̣ȻС
һߵճҲͬĶֻչչģչСġ
СĳԵ٣֮ǰֳ˸ʱ˲࣬ͱʾԲˡ
ճҲǿֻϹС룬СһʣµĲԵޱȻȫûСһʣ˵ӡ
˾˴̵ᣬҪҪԣ
˰죬ʳȥϵȥˣźţá
ϲ̵뵽ֲҴôԭ̫ѽ
˼ˡ
ԵĿģ˾Ҳ˿̶ֿϱԵԼ̵㣬ǲ˵Ѿʼˣ
ҪǽԸ˵ˡֻ޷ʳջˡ
Եһʱ˾ȥϲճ룬ҲȥЩҪȷһ¡
˾ʹӲͿճֱۿǽϵԼ
˾һ£ΪĲˣǵ˼Ҵҳˣ
ϸһ£ƺûа
ǣ࣬ΪȻ˹ȥ
֪ճȵ˾
һƹȥģֱӱճˡ
˾ͣȵȵȣлҪ㡣
˾Ͳ֮ͣûʲôɣ˽ֵ֮⡣
ôܣ˾͵ҲԹԵͣ
Ҿ㣬ôģһӣǽһʱʶѣճҲûĨǵֱʡ
˾Ͳǵһαôʣ֮ǰľˣĸʹһʼ֮ˣ˭ǰ̫أ
Χ˶ˣ˵İˡ
裬Ȼ˵ʲôҪܰٳŮˣǸϱҲˣֻҪҶģǾͰˡ
˾һǻֻ뷭ۣﵽǸɶ󰡣Ū裬ϱЭˣֻҪϽ顣
ҲãҲҪģĸһأ׷ûк֮ˡ
ֻǣڲĸǷ⣬ϱۿ
ճôʣΣĻش𣬡ҵȻһӣǼ֤֣ȻסҼңҵĲƲ֡
ճΪ´㾹Ȼˣϡ棬ת𣿡
˾ѾεʲôҲ˵ˣΪʲôûأ
ܣ㲻˵İɣҪǣǻԲˣвҲֲ˵˵ˣ׷׷ҵ°ɣһܵ
ճЦΪ㰡Ҫ׷ҵܵܣҲù㣬㰮զզأ
˾Ʋ죬ܵܣܵܵģеĻȣ㰮˵ĵܵܰɣ̫ܵаɣ׷·ѡ
ȲҰ˵ܵܵ⣬ֻȷĲɣ
ҪĻ˭Уȥôһ鷳磬ǵ𣿶ңҪĻõŷôһʼܾҵʱҾ뿪ˡ˾ûûҪ׷һ˻ôѣ
ճܻģһǼлûӡ
Цˣ̬ȣҵȷˣϲҵܵˡ
ǲǷϻ𣿡˾û
˽⽭𣿡ճȻʵ
˾գգۣ飬Ҫ֪ңҪôȥ˽
ңҲҪȫ˻ˣԼԷҲȥӰ˵ûգͲһᡣ
˵ίǸᰡᶼҪô˽ĺðô˽ǲѾĹˣ
ճŬסЦǻǳס˵ĻҪ֪ŪĸĻȦʲôӰۣҲ㳹ױɱĻû˵꣬Ҳ˾ռҳ꣬ʧϣ
в˾ͳǣͷֲɵϣ㻤ţҸ𣿣治ǰ׳հ
Ҫǲȷǳ̬ģҲϽԼҵǰ;Ц


76 
ճͷ࣬˾һװճһ壬Ͳһףɵĵļġ
˾Ͳö㿪ֻһĲԸˣ˵ܣ㲻ȥİˣר̹ҵ𣿡
ճǵǡ
Ϊʲôң˾üմܲôĵ
֧еģôΪѣ㷽ġճ˵е㲻Ȼ
˾ͻɵĿôģʲôͼɣ˻ôģ
ճȻĴӣ̾εΪҰˡ
˾Ͳ⣬̸㰮ʲô£Ȼ磬Ҳ̸ܲɣ
ðɣ֪Ѿϱеˣܹܵܵܡ
Ҽұķ˿ҪܺͽһˣʱʱĿˡճ̾
˾ͼһĿȻ֪Ұˣȴû뵽Ѿ赽ûԭˣȻΪҰˣԼܸܵˣȻܿľˡ
Ϊҵķ˿Եʣ͡ң˾Ͳ˼顣
ʲô취ҼҰϲ㣬ѵýӴ㣬Ҳ֪ȦģȻ㣬һֱϾ̫֮
֮ôãûʲôҪΨһһԸȻҪɡ
˾Ͳ˼ĿҰϲˣ㲻Դ𣿡
ճ׳ƵĿһۣ˭˵ϲģ
˾ͳǣոԼ˵ģ
ſ˾͵ʣճмǶżĳݰˣҵģȫҵţһֱϷԣû氮ǲģ
˾ۣΪɶо˱ˣһǿеһѶιһĹ
İɣΪ˸İɣ
רҵİɣ˳
ģҪΪҼұ㣬Ҳùءȥϴֳϴ֣ǵʱ̫ȳȥɡ
Ҳ̫ҵǸ˰ɣΪʲô¶
ΪҰˣȻżѾ˼ŪֻΪҰ˿ʱҲ̫
˵ճ̲סģһûҪģԸɶҲ
˾Ѿ˵ɶˣ
㲻ĺ㰮һ֮㷢֣еĺöǰ費Ҫõġ
ίһüͻۣ뿴ޣֻ뿴һֱЦԶҸֵȥ
ճ˵Щ˾Ͳ̫⣬룬ǽĻƺҲͦãԼҲ
ڵסķ꣬һ˺ί 룬ͦС
ǰǣԼһˡ
ǣ˾ˣɰĶɶʱܳΪҵİ
ճ˵ĹͲµΪɶˣȻоҲͦģֻã˭Լأ
ͬ˳ˮϲɾˣճûɶĵתߡ
Ҹ˵һϲʳǸСԻ
ЩͣףͲϡ
Щ͸ʳʳСζ
УӰҲҪ׼ĵ㣬ϲ֮С£ϲֲƬǹս֮ġ
УȥҲУҪЩɧܳһģһ֣ˣ
ճһ˵һ߼ǣ޲øŸġ
֮ŷ֣ճ˵ĸȫԼϲ෴
ͬڽϲ̡ϲֺܳ죬꣬һ㲻
ϲ̡ȴϲֲƬǹսƬϲ˿ܰС¡
ϲݻǸ飬ûмˣͿɢˡ
ԭΪԽֿʻõԸ񣬻ԼһϲЩ̡Ķ
ȴԭԼϲȫ෴
˾ԥˣȻȷԼҪҪ׷󽭶һȫԼûа㹲ͬˣԼɰһ۾ϲ˵ģ
ճǶϾͿԥЦ:һˣĸԸȥıԼΪİ˸ıľĶûУҿ㻹ͣһ㣬ȥ׷ɣȥЩΪǮȫϲˣãҲԥҲҪˡ
ճȻ˵Ϊ˽ϣ˾Ҫ˺صһŹľճԼ
ϾϣиõĹޣܵһ۵ˣñ۸ȥ
ͬ˾ͣճȥԼҵһԱˡ
˵ģΪԼ˸ı䶼ϵˣûȨ׷飬ֻʺϱ˺ţʺϺˡ


77 
ճطϳһۣû˾ͣҲƵĵ˵ʲôϾ˭ȥһȥСʱģһǰһ
ֻȻ֪ҲûʾˣҪϹ˵˵ˣ˵飬Ҳȥ׷ʡ
֮ĬҲΡ
ΪûʲôȻ˵ΪԷҪ֪ģҲĬ˲ȥʡ
֮ûܹȻãǱ˴еСܣȴҲܱظУ
ˣ֮Բᷭ˴˵ֻǶԷҪʱҲžˡ
ճһٵ˾ͣͷԵĻ˷䣬ȥ֮Ȼûȴ̲ס
͹ĹҵģȴΪԵóԵģ۾гһ죬Եúǿĵӡ
˾ͲĴˣСɰôһֱЦȥ
ƺеճ˼ˣίĿޣüֻһֱȥ¶ЦΪԼ
Ƕమ˵һĪĳɾ͡
Ҳ룬ҲΪԼ¶ֿɰЦ ֻΪ
ȻˣҪʹϰ߲ͬϲòͬûһͬ϶ˣһӣһӡ
ճһѣ˾ͱԥȶ
Ŀǰ֪ΪʲôزΪı䣬ƺҲô޷ܣƺͦеġ
ͨˣҲͲپˣ˳ץ˵ּһǴＹͱܣȻ۾۵Сڴ
һٷԵǺгɣĳڵӰ۳⡣
˾˵ճģϰ壬ĻҪǮⲻͼȻҪ򵥣ҲǸлճԼ
극һȥͣճ˾ȥֵԭص˾
ͣһص㣬һߣһߡ
ճոߵԣһ˴һת˳ӿڴͳһˮճͳ˹ȥ
ճڿţǸˣҪѾˣϾھôã˵Ҫ
תһ̧첲Ǹ˵һʹ̵ĸ첲ϣճһ̧𣬺ݺݵߵϡ
ǸײϷһ죬Ҳ˳ӵľ
һֱһԵŵˣоԾʵ:Ϲôˣôľ
Σգͱȥ˾û¡
Խô˵Խǵģͦȥ˾;ĵüȻǳ˰ɣ
Ҫǰ飬ϻѡܱԼ£ϴɶ֣Ȼû취ܱˡ
׷˼ҵܵܣԺһˣܵûû
³ȹȥȷһ¾ʲôȷһʱ䱣
ӳȵ˽ȴֽԼСֶӣŵĳǰŽż⣬ȴûǰߡ
˾͹ȥȥҵĳϣϳţҪҹȥȻԿ׵ݸ
ȻģҲȥˣӡһֱģҪ˱Ĵڡ
磬Ҳ磬аСһԼţΪСһҲܹȥա
ǣҧҧһץԿףСһܣ˾ʱͣһ£:ԼҲҪСġ
˾ԼǾҪ̲סϳһʲôӲѹ˻ȥ
ȷϽСţճǱܡ
͵ôһᣬѾܹȥˣ˾ҲŲԶˣһͣͲ󣬻ܿһͷ
ճûаγذףֻǳ˿ϲ֣Ͼҽ@ǿۣ½ϵģȻһӡ
ճȥ˳ȷǲǻȥˣŲճһģȳŲȥˣһͬأ
ԭװ͵͵ƤӣճûʱעԼ͵һѰճ˸򣬳Ž˹ȥ
ϴʱճѾԶһ۾Ϳճ첲ϵˣͫԾһӣȻͣ
˾Ͳһûע⣬ײȥҺüʱһԡ
Ǹ˵ˣһǰ󶼱˶סˣҲû뵽ճɱôǿȻһߵڵء
ʱøϽܣҪȻͱץסˣɲӣǹϵĳſĽ˹ȥͻơ
˾ͺճۿ߲ƣǰ壬ճƵһԣҲΪʧѪԵʣ˰ġ
˾ȴϵ󣬾ͲȴѾˡ
ۿó˵ڶˮͬʱе:Сģ


78 
ϵͫʶķŴһ㣬ȴˣۿذһҧгݵ侲
۾΢΢һУһֻּ䲻ݷץסյһֺֻݺݵǸ˵ĴĴָ˵˲ҽһϵĵӲԾķˡ
Ȼ󣬽ϰѸ첲Լһܣˣһֻ־˵죬
һˤֱӽ˺ݺݵˤ˵ϣˡ
ճ˾жݵĴͣ΢΢ĳ쿴ŴĽϡ
˾ͣԽĶѸƷǿ֡
һѰˤ֮Ѹ侲ٶȷɿܵճֱȴ˵绰оȻȻָ˾ʹ绰о죬һϵ˿ҡ
ƽ侲ֻһֱϵճŷ֣ϵһֱڲһֱ˾Ȼ嶼ûֹͣ
˾͸žȥ˾¼СֶӣȥҽԺ;˳֪ͨͬڱصĽ
ľͷⲻǺݺݵĴ򾯲
ԲҪճʩѹ֪˵Ǳͷҵܲʱֶ˼ˡ
ճͽңϽŵſ߶һὭͽ֮󣬻ûл
ŵ˫һֱ궯Ȧˣȫոڳ侲ݵױ顣
ΣúŽϣȥǮ
ϱ֪ʲô鵽СܣͷĻʹ˿ƺͻ
ڣĺܿ죬ҽ֮󣬵ʣ˭ļ
ϰѺӽĴ˹ȥİˡ
Ŷİɣ㰮û£ֻˮ˿ںǳҲû˵ʲôҪĵطֻ˼룬һǽסԺʱ۲
æĵͷû˵ͺãסԺסԺסġ
ճ첲ϰűڼϣɫȻеף񻹺á
ȥסԺճţֱӿ˵˲
ϼװļǿҲֲ֧סճŸ첲ڲϣſڲϣۡһͿ޳ˣſϿޣ˿ڡ
֪жൣģʱҪˣҪӲԼ侲ƵҪ޳ˡ
ſڴϣ޵ճ۵ͷͣİοԣⲻû𡣱ˣҽ˵ˣ˵Ĳء
ԣˣ ޣϹۡ
Ͽ޵óͣʵѪö࡭ö࡭Ѫۣۡ
һ߿һץճűĸ첲ôģ
ճ۵Ĳȥᣬ޵һͿĴףˣû£ŵСˡ
ȻҵСأôСҲ֪ڿʲôֻǿԼСְֿ޵ôģҲܣҲޡ
ҧָСȦͨͨģۿҪޡ
ϸϽɾᣬСһӹͼֿһЦݰοһ룬϶ÿˡ
ָͷȥ۵׵ˮСܵպͶͷϸһ£
ԣСְֲˣҲҪŶСְûµģҪԹԵģŴְֺòã
СֿܿճõһЦ⣬ҲСְһڣ˫ĲӣԹԵȥģɵġ
ҲǾղԣСӶǸеģȻˣǱСְֲ֡
СְҲҪޡС¶ĿŽϣۿҲҪӡ
Ϻݺݵ˿ĨϵˮҪǿҵСأҲŲ
Сһﰲ˺þãŰ
ţǴ磬СһϾ̫СܲôڣһͱϺ˯˹ȥ
ֻ˯ȻȣƤ¹๾תƺΡ
ϱ㴲ĵĴϵģСһץֻ֣һȥ
пͷϣСſƺоСְֵ飬Űࡣ
ʱĽѾƽʵճȻأûʲôһˮǴҪĻɲ˶˺
ϾǷôమ֮ģʹ˺󣬽ܲģǲйأ
ǽˣճᵱߣ֣Ͳճˡ
ǳ˾֣Ҳ±ӾԲù˭Ҫıأ
ʹճҲùȥԼ⣬ҪԼıˣ޵ôģ׼ӭŭɣ


79 
˾һǰһĲǸʱѾƽȻȦǺģѾˡ
˾ӵĿһ۽ϣԭΪϾҪ˱֡
û뵽ճµʱô侲ָ˾еĿ࿴ˡ
ĹȻǸˤɣ
˭û뵽ôһˣ£ôգ
ҲΪһˤʡ˺ö๦ٲٷȥץˡ
ճ:лˣ˾͡ϾǶûȥ֣ΪһʱᱻϳӰۣ˷չȥճͦмġ
˾ɳŽܺõӣÿϾԺҲһˣҲҵġ
˵꣬ͱˣ˭һˣܻģżա
˾ˣַӦҲһֱԼá
ϲ̵ģһԵĽȥˣ΢΢۾Ȼ:*Ǹ׷ҵܵܵˣ
˾Ȼûôһ㶼¥¶˵ģȻ˫̥Ҳһһ
ԱֵܸӳȣҲס
˾һźͽһ޵֪ɶϵˣһϣȻҲ֪硣
ֺԼҰ˵˵˼˾͹ЦվҪգλǶɣ
Ϊ׷ţӲбԼСʮĽΪ磬ҲǻȥˣҪˡ
֪һѴֱ֣ߵ:˭磬ҿûôĵܵܡ
˾ͱ֣Ҳգ˵գȻƤЦģô˵ǺܿһˣǶĶ磬ҽ磬Ӧõ𣿡
ȫΪ׷ţҪˡ
ܿϧһףһ׽ԼʲôԼһѵŮˣҵܵܣҸ㣬ֻͨˣǲǮҲֻҪҼҵܵԶ㣬治Ҫ൱Ҳԣ൱ѣԲûţ
⻰˵նģû˿ķأ˾ͷ
ֲǸʲôƢģֱӾըˣʲô˼ǽĶ磬ŶͿģΪǸʲô
ֲǶˣƾʲôԼû˵ԣΪ˭
ҲգȻϾĻһ䣬ôҺҵܵĹϵҲȺס
һ߸ߵ˾ˣ˼˵Ķ԰ôҲףҪǶܲţ˭ܹܵţ
ܵɳϣҲ֪ҪôڣмĽֿǸͷΪѣȻǲϲ˾ͣȴеˡ
˵仰ֲ֪˵ʲôϾǰۣʵ˺
ǣ˹죬ջʲôû˵תһԵ㴲ϣ
Ц:˵Ҫ׷Ƕаó
˾ͱܼˣΪǴⲻԼˣʱȴɿˣǲʲôͼ
Ҳͻƿڣʹ֪թǵ
ʲô⣬˵ֻҪһᾡȫȥ
ǴһĨЦݣ˾ɭɭĶ
ֱ֪˵ʲôûȴû뵽ôˡ
һԲϾôŮ˸Ľԣ˭֪ûʲôҪ׷Ҽҽ鷳ȥȫ飡
˾͡ڡһվɫ죬ָһޱĽֱ¡
㡭㡭㡭
˰죬ȴ˵κһ䷴Ļ
һȦڳˣĿ˽ϣ΢΢ݣ죬ƺ˵ʲôǽӴӵı죬ͷ
һȦȫǸһҵģûκܰ޴ӷݺݵָָţˤţ̤뿪ˡ
ʲôˣƾʲôҪ裿
ߵһ룬ѾҽԺſˣͣ
Уܾòģôͷ뿪Եң
ǲ뿪ô˵ļšȥһ٣ºһ٣
ܣȻܣǾֻˣ˭û֮ǰɾأ
ⲻǰԼ
˼Ȼ˵Թ˼ҡ
˾ʹܵ룬Ҫ׷ôôѰ
ˣôֻҪж˶Ǽ˵̬ǾǸƨѾһˣٲУ¡
Ӷ˼ˣǻô˵ǸʱҲӦÿԼĸĹˣӦò̫԰ɣ
˾Ͳȷ롣
ãǰǰսҪȥһȫɣǷģԼҲġ
ǣֵ˻ͷɥȥ


80 
˾ߵʱˤˤĺôŪȶļСܸ
ϸϽ壬һᣬСһĻٴ˯˹ȥ
ǸǸҲ֪ᷴӦô󣿡
ճʧЦҪǲӦǲŽأС㻹ʹţòʹĵط
ճĳЦ˼ңƺѾˣ֧˾׷󽭶ġ
֧˻֧˾ͣԤԲŻֵ֧ĺΣϾЩ˵УǹϵŽԶģȻд磬ҪҪ˾ͣҪ˵
Բ룬ȴֻСҾУҵĴңĲȥܡ
ȻһЦԽϵ磬ҺͶȥǻؼҪĶ磬Ҫ㴲İɣԿ׸ңǻȥʰƷ
ϵͷԿ׶ȥ
ΪϺճһʱҪҽԺϾʹ˵绰ȥ׶԰ʦ˼٣Ͼһʱ䣬ûǸȥչСһ
Ȼأϵ뷨һͬճԺԣֻˡ
ھǸĿǰڿѺУˣĿױųҪճǲ~أҪⲻҪһˡ
ֱקŽˣҲʲôҪ˵ɡ
·ϣȥѯԼҵܵܣǸ˾͵ʲôоҪϲҲСˡ
ǵճͽһǲһˣȻҲнӲһ֡
Сˣ˶£ᣬֺã˿ᷳ
Ҳûס˼һ𣬶ˣžž
ɲһΡ
֧֧ģ˵ȻҪ˵ƺǣҪ˵ϲҲǣǺܸӣԼûͷ
˵Ҳ֪ˣܹǶ˼ˣȻܻôϲҲûо֡
ε֣̾̽ݺݵܵܵͷ
Ҳˣǲʱʱ̵̿Ŀ㣬뷨ҲܹڸԤϾԼ
ԣҪҲԣԼҪע⣬ҪԿҲҪͶȥˣŷ֣зˣʱ򣬸鶼ŽȥˣҲղյˣȴֻܶһģֵã
ԹԵĵͷĻǰճûʱ򣬽ֵܵĹǡ
Լ̫õĶ⣬ԣʲô£ϰġ
ʵǾ̸֮ڴ̸꣬һŮѣѸŽȥǱҵ֮ͿԽ˵ʱǸŮĸһˡ
˾˰ɣֻͷȽǸũСӣⳤĺÿʲôãֲܵԡ
ױƷͰ¥һ߳Уһ¥ǻҪ
֮󣬽Ҳǳ׿͸ǸŮˣǳǸŮˡ
ҪĸԼҲְݽŮˣѼǾԲưոݵġ
ϾҲйһһʱ򣬻ûǸزΪһŰʱ䣬ǸŮ׷
ǣһͶŽȥͲ˵վյĻģˣǶθ֮󣬽˰꣬ŻȻһֱ꣬û̸һȻ׷ŮȻż㡣
ֻǱ˹ôһΣ˸ΪˣÿѧϰֺãɾһֱûŮѡ
֮Ĭһֱ˽ǾסС¥£˳ѣȥš
ոߵסſڣͼһӰһţͰ͵ڷϣ廹һһġ
ţֻܿҲŮʲôӡ
ͦģסǻؼҵ·
ӣļ򣬡λû°ɣһסǼſˡ
һŵ̧ͷ¶һǸµкӣССģһ
ǽͬĺѣɣҽϣΪֱ˦ˣɻһ̫ޡ
Ů˵չչ˺ӣҸչԼҸչˣľͰ˦ˡ
ԺдǿˣȻ罭ͽò壬ҲǸ˧磬мƣ÷ɾϴˡ
վ޵һѱһľȥ˼Ҳ֣ϣֱ˦ˣΪɶôడ
⧲˸ţɼʹأҲôǸˣһײý˺üײǽϡ


81 
ʶı˻壬ԷײǽϣȴײƺһȻۡ
˽˼һ֮󣬷ɲź֪ķ֣Լƺ˴ˣϺ࣬ĿһѰҽҲûôӲ
ȻϹĹ׺ܺãϻеСġ
ɾһ£ϽԼӱ˵˻
ɾᣬŷ֣˹治ǽϣһֻмƵˡ
һ˲䣬ɫ죬壬Ͱ͵ģԡԲ𡣡
üû£ôҸſڿޡ
ʱ򽭶ӵָŷɵǸĺѣзɡ
ɳ˳ӣϸ˶һ٣ǽϵĵܵܡ
Ǳ˴˶ԶԶԷһ˽⣬Ҳİˡ
ȻǸѣǾͽɡԼ߽ȥ
Ǵʱ䲻ãҲûյ
ɽȥ֮󣬽ںš
ææµµĸճʰɾеˣʰҪȥƬ𣿡
ļϳȥһʱ֮⣬ǸլУڼﲻҲԸȥ棬ȻҲûӰ֮ĸˡ
ǣǴ˵£ҽԺҸСҲţǲؼңǸʰƷȥ
գգ۾ҸһȥȥˮɶģǼǵõȵҡ
ŶáӦһ
ɾͳȥˮˡ
µУȻѾû˵ˣˮ̯еġ
ƻ㽶֦һѣ̽ĹǸӣûٶ˵
ĶǽϺСϲԵģճϲʲô֪ Ҳû˵Ͱϵϲġ
ˣҲˣ¥µǡ
֮󣬷ɲŰյ˸ҪֻţһҲԼô죿
ҵǣֵʰʱŵķɡ
ɴһƶţмӰTЬûͨ棬ҲûױɸɾģȦģܿӡ
Ҳ֪ôˣһӾͻ˽࣬ͦÿģȻǸް
ȥҽԺһ·ϣһֱ͵͵ⲻ֪Ҳǣһںϣһ·Ҳһֱ۽
ǰĽȻԼ˼ûŪףһ·Ϻ˼ģҲ֮ա
һ·ҽԺһ˽ҽԺǵΪϽĵطﵽҽҽտҽҲܺá
ϾƵĶǷǸ̬Ȳãҽ²˭ƣԣȻľȻǵĹҲߡ
һ·ҽԺ棬沼õļֱǺƵ꣬ҽԺɻ˵طĿתġ
ϾۣҲȥȥͨҽԺûŵ֡
һ·ƵĽճڵĵ˲ոտϾҪȥޣϣֱ˦ˡ
ΪѵüҲúãճˣûأﻹһСģǸ˼ȥܱ˰
ֻûüȥͱס˲ӣ鲻Խ˲ӣֹͣǰĶ
ֱѵ죬׼ޣ
ѵˣź֪ķ֣ѵˣ˲ܵܣǲɵˡ
յɿһ͵ǸҲǹģҲٿ޲𣿡
תӣӣȦίͰ͵Ŀһһģѵúǿӡ
ȴǵһԶֹס˿
תͷȥϣһεĿԼСҲǣһ˫ŴԽϵ޹۾ҧָԼ
һ߲ϣճһŷŵ룬첲ҲڲϣҲΪΡ
ˣȻʱصĿ޳һֳϵص㣬ΣĿ޵Ĳʱ
˼ұѾˣңȱʲô
εͷԼˮһԵķ˲輸ϣ˫ֺʮϵǸǸϣ˾ǸῴյıⰡ
ʧЦǱϾҲǺüˣ˳ϲһ㣬Ǹ֪͸ģĺкҪȻҲܺԼôõѡ
ˣɣѽⰮ޵ëǸĲˡ
ͷɵЦ
߹ȥȴ۵ĸ֣ܵܺ۾ǵһ˳ɹֹסˣ˲˲ĸ;˶û飬ˣǸ׳ٰ
һ˵˸ˣһۣȴǱһ㣬æƿߡ
ϲԵĿһۣôˣǷʲô


82 
ұͷɣʲôͱ˷ͻˣ֮ɹô£
ۿվҪȥӣϽơ
һˮչȥϣҲ֪Ϲɶϲġ
Ϻ֮ûɶÿģֱϴóһ㽶ǿ͵ݸСܡ
ɳ£һһ˫۾ȫԼҰϵճֿһۺ庢ӵĽϣʵ:ܣôŪģ˵ôûʲô󰭰ɣ
ճЦʵ׵Ŀӣҽ˵ҪסԺÿ̶ƿˣǽϲͬ⣬ҽȻֵסԺ͹˵˵㡣
˵꣬ͻ˽ϵĺݵɣһȾأһ˷أ㲻ҪΪСӾͲӣ֪֪˺ܶѪһǸڵĨɶأ
ճεֲ̯֣ܶ
ʾ㿴ˣ
ЦΨһһ㻵ǲĹͷ
Ҳ⣬Ҫİ˵ĻҲᵣĵĳԲ·ġ
ϿԼϹεЦݣĶǳ磬Ϊ˼˿ǳҲ˰ҪԹҽĻסԺ
뵽ɫһ壬:ƤЦ˾ҪԣԹԵҽĻˣͿԵˡ
ճʾ˵Ǹ첲ȡ
ѵÿԼұһСûж٣ǿɰ
צӴڻһ١
Ƿ˼Ҫڹȥ׽ŪԼұ׼ԼٶסԺǾ͵òʧˡ
ԺеǻᣬˣͿԶΪΪˡ
ǹԹԵɡ
ǣצͶ״ãҹԹˣûʲô
ɶɶû뵽ԼϹôƤô˵ͺ˵̲סһȦˣԸǲҪ롣
ȴһֵ߲ı顣
ճֵԼգʾס
ɿΪҪֽأ
ֻǣô࣬Ҳ˼ȥô죿
һתͿС̧ͷ¶ĿԼЦһ£мƻˡ
 Сһ߹ȥָճգСһߵ:һ´ְ֣ȥԺóԵġ
Сһһһ¾ͿкóԵģǣϲ̵һڣ׵ճˮ
ճڵԼŸһ׵ģһĿˮ
۾ͿСɰĿԼԼҰһЦӦҪܡ
ճһץסˣѹڴ϶׼Сȥ
ƿ˵ĸ첲ûͱ˸š
Ĵճʱͼճһó˵ı飬Цһ⡣
ˡ
ȻȻﻹأ
תͷֻܵѾͷƲˣװ⣬ֻзһˣۣ֪ǸãƵãǣܲܲҪոձֵ˵һ̵ֺܲ˺
Դǵָˡ
ô˵ˣŸ첲üһҵģҲԹ˭˵Ըʺչ˱ˣҸչŶ ҾҵܵܽͲ
ȣػᣬҪľǣҪ޵ʱ򣬼ʱ죡
ɰۣһҪİɡ϶ʽ
صһͷ˼Ҳܿ϶
ɱЦֶһɳϵıȥող˵Ϊɶֳˣ
һץסҲЦ:Լѻȥ𣿡
ڶͷķͣϸһĥƺ񣬻ô¡
ߣƽϡɰһԴ
Цһ֮ѾҪӽˣҽԺȻṩͣϾʳûôḻǻǴԼȥ
ȻҲг֮ģֲǴﳣסͲȥˡ
ɴһ磬ʱֵһ뿪ҽԺҲԷ
ȥʱ򣬷ɹ˼ͽУȻĳӣµСӵĵ:ɲ԰ĵ绰ңһԺʲô飬ҵ㡣
ԭģҲʲôǿſСסľһʹģſھͱһ绰롣
ˣžԼʲôеա
ǿó绰İѺ浽ֻһĵЦݣƺҲĪĺܺá
ҽԺſڣɾͺˡ
ǰŵĽҲ֪˶٣һҴЦ⡣
ȻĿһȫûԼҵܵܵĳЦ˹ȥ


83 
ˣڲ˻ҪԷأʵϼһֱôճɾ
û취ճ룬ɴ绰ֱýϱԷʳˣȻûͷ񣬵˭ϰأȨ
ڽӵԼϰ绰֮󣬳ʦӽʱõĲˣȻŽıº򳵹ȥġ
ĺܼʱ˵ʱŻû͸
ϰǵһҪҵ
˼ʽǴ򿪺ȻǽϰԵĶࡣ
嵭СˣŴס
Ѷº󣬷ԱڷճƤҲ̧һ£ˡŵ
Ա죬ʱºô죿ɿճ۵׵ĲͣʶȤЦŸ˸ˡ
ϽһİڳͰڷڴβԴСӣڵģû¡
ճ˵֣֣ѿӷͿԼˡ
ϲɣƫҪÿι
ճֲԼұֻܹԹԵıι
Ͱ͵СܶԼС룬ӣһҸĴְֿ֣ǸҲһЦݵСְ֣ȻֿԼķ룬ƲƲ죬ӳ
Сܵ˺˶˵ĸ氮⣬ǰɣ
̫Сʵǲ˽⻰˼ֻǾίΪʲôСְֲιԼԷأ
һȣһСԴϹ룬ϧһŽҲûס
ѣЩС˵Ѿͨ˹Եġ
ĺӣǱȳ˴һЩҲᱳ׹ʫʣӢǻǿĽ
˵Ǽûпֻȥͨ׶԰ҲûѧһЩ߰ġ
ճ˼ôĺӾʱѧô࣬͸ѹҪ֪ԺҪʮ飬ԣȺúɡ
ԺʹҪ̳й˾ҲһǵѧϰôãҲҪгֻҪصסҪܹ˾С
ԣСȻܲõĶӣԵǱͨҪһ㣬Ҳ˶ѣϻһֻ֪ĿɰӶѡ
ܰѻ˵׾Ͳˡ
ǣСְֻ˵Ĵְ֣ԼһƲҪޡ
ճ״æСһﱧĶͷСܣôˣ˭۸ˣް
СһﱻԼҴְְοˣͷﹰ˹ƲƲ죬һָϣСְ֡
ϸճ˵Ķֵͣͣʵʲôʱ۸ˣô֪أ
Сһһ첲ཱུСдģһƲֻιְ֣ιңǲǲˣ
ʧЦԼҶӵĿɰӴ̫ɰˣСְôܲأ
ôֻιְ֣ιأСཱུľ죬Сģɰ
ֳָͦãСһŭӡ
ԹԵĿģһ߻˳ڽ˼ң㿴ְֶˣԼÿӳԷҪչˡ
СûˣǸˣҪСְιˣҪСְιԷඪ˰˵Բԣ
Сգ۾룬ϰԵҧԼСָͷСְǿѹˡ
СִóĴһ£һָҡҡĵ:Ǹ˵ܳ࣬ϸ
СһתһȦὲˣ㲻Ҫιְ֣ιҳԷҾͲˡ
գգ˫Բ۾һ𾪵תͷȥճϹˣۼұˣȻὲˡ
Ǹˣ΢΢С죬ôƵá
ճתͷȥסĵ뷨
΢ŵС¶С࣬Ʒһ
ڳԷڱǰʹĵ״ҲΣֻתͷȥԼ뷨
ֻ򶶶ϻΪЦļʾЦĲҪô
С֪ܲʲô˼Ҳ֪ЦԼûְЦô
ǣˣСһ죬ָճְֻСְһ۸ҡ
ճͷһɰޣСָͷָԼ̲סץСצצҧҧ
ϳûָűˣòġ
СܹǱְôҧϰˣҲ£ҧģҲûȥְ۸Լˣֻ˵ġЦȥˡ
һᣬۿϵķ˶ҪˣŲСһˡ
սǣСһӮˣǱ˽ϸιСһճԼԷ
Ĳ㣬Ͼ͸չˣճв˷ŽȻתͷȥιСܡ
ҺǶźСһʵѾԱˣСְְˡ


84 
Ա˵СһãСְָˮ๾ࡱĺȡ
ֱʱˣϲʱԼԵӣǷɶҲˡ
ΪϷԵʣԷʱ䱾Ͳ̶θ˳ԲĶ
ôˣճСĻţȥʱչ˲һˣ
αһڣĿյⷹ˳ױˡ
ճ޵ĵһв֪ԼҴҳߵСƨΣʼǴԼұģһѪԵĶӣô
鷳Ҫģһ壬ָָ΢¯ǲŹȣҲ΢¯һ£Լθˣ
Ͽӣ֪Բģİѷֶһ飬ԹԵĳꡣ
ǲǳҲûɶճѾ˵룬㻤ʿһ£ͻûʲôˡ
ϱСһȥӣй涨ÿԿСʱƬʱ䳤ˣá
ճһֲֻܶϰڴϣԹԵĿţҲ飬һ۾һֱӣĿתģڿʲôϡ䱦һ㡣
ڱ𿴽ˣǻСԣҪȻԼҶӿè󣬶ܺЦһš
żתͷճڿԼϾͶһЦתͷӼƬ
һЦȴճоĶҪˣȻҲ̲סϴЦݣȻתͷĽϿ
Сһܵ˾ţȻûޣǾȻôãһͿʼǷ
СʱʹǷСֻһֱ۾۾հۿžҪ˯ˡ
ϸϽСһȥˢϴ衣
ҿϸģ˵ˢҩ඼˹ҪȻǻҪҽԺȥ
ȻҽԺſھи̵ǻ꣬ˮ꣬µ꣬Ͼ鷳ǡ
ϴ裬˯ţûϴͷСӷͷҪÿϴܶʹϴ¶ҪȻãԼϴ¶֮Ҳá
ɾˮʵС˯£ϴ˯ˡ
Сһ￴ˣθҪСְֽ˯ǰ£Ͷ˵Ѹ˯˹ȥ
ٶȣʷͷһⰡ
˯ˣϰѴߵĻס˯һ
С˯ʵͨ˴ܹ˵ͨ˴
ɿ˵ʵСһҪö˼˯ˣʲô黹ܺðһ㡣
ϹȥճǱߣճůůЦſֱӭȥҪѹۡ
ճĳ˿Ҹ첲§§Ȼͷͷӡһǡ
ˣлл㡣ճ̾Ϣĵ
Ͽҡҡͷ࣬չСܲ쾭ٸ˵ллҪȻӴ
Ͼ죬װ
ճģúúã˵࣬Ǹɡ
ɻʲô
Ȼ֪ˣճʹҲʵοոϴ裬ԼǾŵĴͣвԵĵ
ϻ£ճѾ˳·°˽ȥƤߣԶ
ϱĲƹҪʱ򣬱һѰסˣ֪֪ˣ֣ͣ㡣
ճҧһڽϵĶ䣬ﴵ˿ȵֻꡣ
ϵĶдµľճ̲סһȴճĻȥˡ
ճһЦ̲סִһ⻵۵ֵͳ˵ˣǱɡ
ϲ᲻صĴһƣ֣һ˿ѿô죿
ԣ氡ճʵ
ֱһĿȻճͲˣֱӶ죬˰˴ϡ
ڶһ磬ճ˿Ըѿˡ
ҽ൱˽ҽǮ࣬ҲãҪͨҽͿѵˡ
ǹҲЦmmpɣ
´˿ڣϱ룬ҽ۾ίĶ˱ʾճڲܾ˶΢ע㡣
˼ûֱ˵ǲҪǸɶˣѽͨ죬ԹԵĵͷѵȻѸٰѲΪȻճקˡ
ز֮󣬽϶棬˺֮ǰϽһоһ
ճֻͷһð˵˻ðίͰ͵ĵ㲻𣿡
С
ڼûɶλճѹˣǽǡӡˡ
ڣʱѾˣĺСһ緹ճѾʼõ԰칫ˡ
СһҲȥ׶԰ˣﻹǲ㣬ԻǹԹԵȥ׶԰ɡ


85 
ճҽԺһֱ߲ųԺ˴СĻ˼ңص֮ûɶ̱ɳϡ
ͳһĳ˿˲ò̾һӣôơ
ȻҽԺĺǱȲԼңȻֻһͨס¥
ҽԺʹҲҽԺ׻˵ѲԼĹѲ
ҽԺϾβ˵ĵطʹ˲Ҳһӵˮζ˭û°ǵҰ
ճֲǻԼģֻʱ򣬽ûöˣڳ￴źӣԼһһ˵˶
ԭʵûôģ⼸콭ġ
ϲǸģǸլڼҲ
һСɳȴյ¶𽥽
ѾһûڼˣҺûˮҪȻˮûĺȡ
һˮ˷СһոճҪϣϲĿΪһϾͿޣεֻȥ򣬷ǲгҲ㣬߼ˡ
СܹԹڼֻȥˣϻҪˣϾˣǻҪԷġ
ճ˵飬ûи߽Ҹĸǵģ˵Ҳ̫ȫ
ȥˣճһɵһڴĶӣͻȻڵ:ܣģȣСְȥϰһʱ䣬ѾҪӽʮˣȵʱ
СĿ֪Ȼǲȣֻ֪ˣҽԺôãһֱûԹˡ
ϡ
ȣ
ʲôСգ۾
ǲճ͡
ȥϾͻ᲻Сܲǻǰ˼͡
šô˵ճ룬ƺҲô˼
ϡãƻȥˡ
ճܣұ̫Сײɶ˼
ΪСְҪҪһίʡ
СһŬתԼСԴϣѵ˼˰죬Ա˰죬յóһۣҪ
ճ뵽⺢ǽƴ˰ģŬѹԼŭ
ͣȰԼСʲôܴԼĶӡ
߶˰죬侲һ¶ĿԼСһʧЦԼôˣһµСӼƽϣһСʲô
ƳԵ߶СְҪϾôСҲΪˡ
ҡҡͷùѾµˮݸȣСǺ
Сȫûĸоϲ̵Ľӹˮ
һֱڵ»˽һСʱŻȵͷ󺹡
ϹСһϳԣԼ·Ȳԡȥˡ
ճϽˮͷϴһ¡
һг룬룬ûгɿ飬ǰȿŪһ˼Ӷ˳ȥ
СһӸոСְֻ͵ˣڿСְְ϶˳ȲĴչȥճһ
˿˿򣬹ȻҪϰ
һ˰ȿСһĴ˸ã۰Ͱ͵ĳŴ룬СѾˣԲˣֻܲĵķˡ
ǰԹСճʧЦСԴο:Сְ˺ôһǲų˲һ룬кôһأԵģôġ
ɶûȴ˴ְ˵Ļкôһûԣǲִ㶫ܵһˡ
ԡŴ򿪣ʪͷˣ۵СϹһĨۣͷûɵˮ˳Ưһ·»䡣
ճû°Χŵİɫԡ
ճ߿ƲסԾ˿ڿˮԶ棬ٲҪϻˡ
һȣճһĨһƬ죬ȻԼұѪˡ
ϱһϽ˼ֽ˹ȥסճԼűֹѪ
üĵʵ:ǲôˣͻȻѪ
ճŲԼұǿѪඪ˰
һת治ɫѵ:̫ȣϻˡ
ɻĿԼϱɵ˰ȿĻȥ̶Ǻȣպˡ
Ҫ뿪ȥ·ճֱӰԼϣ˫һ˳ֳ˰Ѷ
׼Ÿϴ裬ˮĴͿȥĵ:ãϹˡ
׵ΰصĽﻹں˼룬ԭϻ𰡣
ҪһԵС۾һգգĿǣƾĲǹ߻ˡ


86 
ճҲȥ˾ڼﴦСһﱻ͵׶԰֮ڼֲ˼ˡ
İڵźֱʱвˮˮ֮ĶǱк˵ģҰ˾һš
Ҫˣ죬ˮͻᱻ͵԰Ŵı§§׿пС
ӹļֱɻ֣֪˾Щ˵Ĺɶ
ֱķС֮ʵǿȥˣ绰ˡ
绰ճʾĺѾȫûˣ쵰֮ǹ̫˰ɣ
ں̸һӣͦеģȥɡ
ϺЦĿճԸĴĥĥ䣬ǲ߳š
߹ȥճתͷôϿίĿ
֮Ǹ쵰ҲŸպþȥܲðϰôҵҵҪ١
ۣˣҲΪãкܶ鶼û𣿡һԴЦˣմܲãˡ
ճ򴦹˹ģ״Ķӣһޡ
ȥϰ࣬һߡ
ͷһڣˣҳҪȥҺͶ׬̷ǮˣҪԣҪԹԡ
ճϣָָԼĴһ£ҾͷŹ㡣
ǿЦ⣬ż⣬ȥס
СèһһճһֱӰͷǡ
ò׺ˣմܲãһ죬ʼɨˡ
ǱϾѾһûˣ˺öң·ҲҪϴ黹ء
ճȥһ˹˾֮΢һ¶ѻ֮ѣһתȥ˾֣Ǹ˻ء
꣬ԷǸ˵ٴθɵɶ
ճ۾˹ĿϴʱһƬһܣֻǶǰˣҲ˵ƺǿһεѹȸС
Ǵλˣھ˿־塣
ʲô֣ΪʲôҪҶ֣ƺʶ㣿ճھ׳һ⣬ֻ˻شˡ
˵ͷĬشҲڡ
ճҲգֻһЦðɣ˵㣬Ҳں˭ĿʲôȻԼҲҪҵȷɱ㣬׵һеġ
ճ⻰治٣ǿǱеͷҵһ죬Ҫһ˰εõ
ԣһ£ճ̼Ȼ֪˭ָʾ㲻ΪҲ鲻ɣ㵹ûʲô£ļأȫǿ𣿻ΪҺܺ˵
ʹճвȫںڳ/ĸܣ̫š
ǸǹһվˣճĻţȫûǲҵˣԻٴùͷɡ
ǲ˵ճҲúţôķˣǸֻԺζĵø֮⣬벻ڶ
˿һɣ˼ǣͣ㣬ҪȻֻǴ㣬´ξҪˡ
СƵĶճûǲǾͳǷˡ
ۿճҪߣ˼ˣȷճûʲô𣬻ɱȫΪǮ
Լճû˶и꣬Ǯʱ򣬾
Ϊ㲻׵ճĵ
Լİȫܵв֮˭ȥʲôӶߵ棬ȻҪȱ֤Լİȫ
ǣԥͰĹӶ߸ˡ
ռҵҳûôɳݾߵ¡
ҾǴճʲôãˮҪֻ˻Ƕͱ
ճҲɵôһֱͱ
ճüȻô飬ֻҵǸøܸɵĳˣ
ͱһһ£ͻˣͻ᲻ǳˣǺǣģֻᷴĸ
Ⱥ˳ƻǹǲưڸݵġ
Ǽ֣бȥ͸ɱ֮ģҪȻ͸ƦåŻΪͻ¶
̫
˹Ӷ˭ճˡ
ˣȻεҲеĲ١
ֻ˵˵Ļָʹ˭һӶˣû˵
Ҫø۵׼ճرڼʲôˡ
ĪͱһԼôģ°ɣȶ׸ʮ˵


87 
Сֵմܲ÷ģܹѾˡ
ߵʱѺԱúд˳ˡ
һֱ˹˾ճŲͷüͷȥ
ѾˣҲûнڼڼˣ˾ֻһѵҪֻȻع˾ȻȲԸˡ
µ˿ᶼһڣõµ˻㱨Сģһģһ٣Ȼճʵû˵ϰߡ
鿪˵û£֮ﾭ֪ǵˣѪͷһ٣򷢵ȥǢ̸ȥˡ
֮ӻҳһɫģǷḻԲÿˡ
ճʮ˴һ١
ôһ𳤴ķСϵܣճΪʲôҰȥ֪ģΪ˼һ
ǣ˼£òȥֻܳһؼʰ·ȥˡ
ճȥϰ࣬ҲûҲȥ׶԰ˣǡɷɴ绰˵иԾȥȥ
룬ճ˵ȥҪʹ˸绰ȥɲȥ
ճ÷ذ칫ңԼұĵ绰ԭĲһɨգϻЦ⣬øոձŸһΡ
ʲô£ճԾķҲǡ
ոշɴ绰ң˵һԾҪһȥ ڱУ̫Զ 𣿡ѯ
ճ˵ûнһӵ֮ǰʱҪҲҪȥٵĵط°ǱƼˣǽ
СһѧѧȫճԼԽͣܣȥҲû¡
ڽϣڳڵµСг֮⣬϶ڼﲻţҲճ
ճţ֮£ôˣô
룬ڱУɼ˹ȥӦûʲô󰭣үүʹٷҲڴĵ˵涯֡
˰죬ǴӦˡ
ʵҲڼˣϾճֶԸүүֻãѾӽûгˣȥһСһ֮⣬ʱǴڼ
ȻǸլҲлƵʱ򰡡
ճӦ󣬲ʵڿˡ
ϲ̵Ĵ·΢ױѾˣǲҪôʵˡ
ֻǣճϾֱԼ˾ˡ
ϾԼ˼ˣŵĹġ
˾ǸˣȣҲͽʶԸҲء
˵ĳӸոճС˳ԼСʱԾʹӺӾ﷢˸١
Ҹ߲٣һֱСӣһϵţ͸ȥ
Բо˾һ֪¹Ʋˡ
鷳ܲô绰˵һǲͣһͣ£ͻᱻ˰ΧȻҲųǿбͣ
ϺȻҲ֪ԣȻﺦ£򶨣ٱЩ¾޵ĺöˣλް
һԼ侲ͳ绰ճĵ绰
绰ܿ챻ͨϾüԣڵ
ϰϰŵճһվһ˫۾˲ɴˣǰ㱨һ
ճⶼڶҶϵ绰һֱţ֪Ϣ
áڿɲںǵ绰ѵʱˡ
ճ嶼ڲҪȥֱһֻȴΪֶĸץס
ֱֺݺݵԼһǶΪֹǹɾҵĲͣ
ѱҪɳȥıڽȥѰҽϣ궨λ˹ȥ
Ҷϵ绰Ҳ޷Ĵڰ칫ңףһ߲ͨһֱֻȴһֱûдĵ绰
ι೤ճǰæ
ճĵ绰Ȼʱھд˵ĵ绰ȺۻûŹճǡ
֮Щ˳˱ڹ˾ʽ𣬵ַ칫¥ȫճһְæ׼ġ
Ϊ׼һУȴûҪǻرֻ˼˾ıˡ
İ೤һֱǸмһֱһᱨֻճһֱƴǣֱ죬Ȳ֮£Ŵ˵绰ǡ
вõԤУܽʲôҪĴ㣬Ȼһ㲻ҪǸʲôĽ
˼˵ʹӦճͬʱƵ⣬ȫһԼʮˣȫ۱
ȻûؾҲҪͨĶˡ
죬ճӸϾͲģڻ֪ʲô㱨ǸͲܡ


88 
Ҳ֪ճǲѻʣԽģЩͱʵ
ھһ·ʱһɫĽγӲ·ת˹жϣճһ٣Ҳ׷ճĳƽУһ˳
еĳһ㲻ں˵ĽĿ׼ȷӭճĳӡ
ʶİѳӱƵ·ߵĻ̳ϣӲóͣˡ
ֻǣ˾Զ˵ǧ³Ұģǻû񵽳ǹģǷֻҪǲ³һʱᣬǻô
Ͻŵʹ߬Լ֣岻ͣķֱʱ£ôҲǸͨˣ飬Ǽٵġ
ҺԻ侲Ȼŷ̵Ҳڷ
һѴīֵˣϵǴ廨ţǺװ֮ġ
ֻǣ㲻ǺװҲǺˣ·߾Ѿ绰ˡ
ǴĵطȻƫƧҲû˾һߴУΪҪҵһû˵ĵطټ
ֻǣָʹ˹ѾںˣҲṷǽڴ·Ͼ׼ܽϣȻαװΪͲ鲻ˡ
վҲѱصľֻҪٴƿϼţصСҵ𣿾֪˰˽ϣҲô
ϾĹ˾ǿҵڱеľ÷չ𵽺ܴá
Ǯ࣬˵ȨҲֵ©Ǹɶǰ졣
ԣôˣͲµġ
ۿòţ˿ʼŭˣҳʲôֹܣ֮Ķóˡ
·ߵһˣ˸ˣеĸֱ¼Ӱȥˡ
˶ڳҾǲ³ɵϲŻ³ء
ֻǣôȥùĻǣֻҪһ³ϾͿ϶Ҫꡣ
ϱҳŵýıԼĸ첲ͷ˫мˡ
ǰҲòȥɻھƽ
ۿСʱˣ⳵ӻûΪ׵˺ݺݵһڣۿľ־Ѿˣһת
ֻǱӶģ˵˾ܵķŻûǹǹ֧Ƶ̫ϣŪ
ƽʱҪɶ£˶Ŀ֮ģǿģҲ˼Ҷ֡
ֻǣôҲû뵽һֵģǵĶ־ȻһŷĳҲôǲ³
ʹѾҵ˺۵ģǵŬ֮Ѿ֩״ǲ顣
ԶԶͷһĥΪһ׮ûɵ񣬾ͰԼȥ
ˡ
һֱûһϲŸ̧ͷ棬ѾˣҾѾǰ
Ǹͨ˵ĽϣҲ֧Ųסھ֮˹ȥ
Ժõ㣬ȻûΣҲòȥˮʪ͸ˣǸմˮ̳һ
ȻȷѾ˸ǰŷĵ˹ȥ
˵ʵճӵĵ绰ҽԺʱеԾԭΪճѾǸ蹷үү°أ
ȥʱԸոմӻѹߣ¶˿ڹ
ֻճûǸȥߵϵĲǰַԼϡ
ֵ¶ȺܸߣҲԲѣճץֶǶãǸоԸߵĺ£һֱڰյȴȻ侲
ֻȻڲʿƿҲûſ֡
û£ֻǾŹȣ˹ȥȻ巢˸ա
ǣܻõģֻҪϻߡ
ڣĵĺ£Ҫǽĳʲô£иʲộ֪᲻ļȥ
϶˵̫ҪΨһ̫
ʧȥ൱ʧȥ磬֪Ҫôȥ
ȻܻΪСܼţǻĿ϶һʬ⡣
ޱң֮Ļ˷ҲޱңԣΨһװ˷ĳȥԷһ
ǧٸмȴ֪Ҫ˭˵
ֺ𽥰Ĵӡһǣȴɬ
ճգգ۾ʪһƬȻڲ֪ʲôʱֿˣ޵ˮ
ճûסϵֻ֣ݺݵĨһᣬȴôɿϡ
ֻͨڣڣѾ˲öˣֻ֪˻Լ߾ˡ


89 
ҽȫһ飬ȷûκ⣬ճ˿
ϵĸһֱ죬һֱڻУճĿܲġ
ҪҪҽȫ飬ҽܾˣ˵ûκ⣬ֻܵʶӦˡ
ճʱŭˣֱתԺˣȥǼ˽ҽԺ
ǮǴүǮӦȻүҪȻհ죬Ǯ׬ɵӡ
ȫϸϸļһ飬ctȷûκ֮ճǳ׵˿
СһΪٳʲôΣգճýͽҲһҽԺ
֮⣬ʱսţȻûȥˣȴճӶʽ˽ϵıڡ
վ֮ǰǶ뿪
ճһֱŽѹѣҲû˼ȥæģڹ˾ĹƱҲûȥ
Ҫǽϳ£һŬʲôãôƴ׬ǮΪ˸ͱõҪҪ˳£ô׬ôǮʲôã
ڣϣֻǾŹȣҲҽ׼ȷûκ⡣
󣬽˹ʶе㲻ѣȴо֣ޱϤ˫θͰȫеĴ֡
ûпΧȳһЦݣͷתճڵķ΢΢Ц
۵ľճдǵ㲣۵صĺȦ°ҲһȦ硣
һֱʰĸɸɾ·ȫ壬ɫǲ԰ף˻ҪǱ
̧ڣȴ˻ƣϹѹ
ճһ㶣ȻѸٷӦ˹ȥ˱ˮֶ˻
ҵСһӴڲģ˾˴ԺȥŷˣԷһҲȥ˼˱
ճı۰ѽ׾ͷˮսĴˮһһιȡ
ԼûϾ죬ˮδֻβӪŹ֡
ιˮȣճѴȻͷ
ѴϵСճȥһֱڱĺóȣڽϵ壬Բ̫ӲĶá
Ⱥãճ˹ȥСϣԼӣһĴ࣬Ȼιϵ
¶ȱճãµģҲȣȻõģûʧȥζϳԵĺܿģ仹ճιģɵθڴ󿪣롣
Էọ̈̄ûһ㽻˿ԵΣܰϵһֱЦ⣬ԹԵĳճιķ
ճһֱרעιż̧ͷظһЦ⡣
˾ôһιһԣɵࡣ
ˮڣͰˮ
ͷûһ˿ֻۺȻǧٱһ
ˮΣֲ̧ģȴճֹˡ
һᣬĵǣһ˿ŲͰ⣬ý˶˽ȥı۾
ֱϱǵģҪˣճŷŹ˱ԼԼﴭ
Сܸ˾˻ʱ򣬿СְֿڴְֻȻѾˣ۾һſС־˹ȥ
ճһͷѸٶ׼ȷĽסӭСڵְ
СһֽŲõ˳ŴְֵϣӲм䣬ͷˮ۾¶Сְ֣𣿴ְ˵㹤ˣ˯
ճȻûиСһʵ飬Ҳǣ˵ˣҲĿ־壬粻˵
֣СһԼͷһڣЦͷ
ССְûˣֻ̫ˣûпް
СһҡҡͷСһӣöʾܼǿѾˣܼǿûпޣְֿ֤
ˣȻڻеһӪžͻˡˣճҲͷˣʱҲйСһˡ
ǵСֱܼǿ֪СְˣҪϢܹԵĸ˾ˣҲ֣ǸɿĴ󱦱ˡ
ְֿ佱ԼСһܿĵĵͷܿ췴Ӧ˹ţְǲǸոսԼСֱˣ
ĹģԼֻе⣬ŴŴıŲأ
ǣСָ첲һһཱུĵҲŲأʦ˵С⣬ָкܺãŲء
һǿʶĻǵڳ̲סЦѹֺҲһɨգ˺顣


90 
֮󣬽ͽͽ˵ֻǽϱϾ󲡳еģ廹˵һỰͿʼ
Ҫ˯֮ǰڵճˣ˵ˣ߶߶߶ճ
ûˣǵҪ˯ҪԷҪ̫ңѾˣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ˾ûˡ
ճҲô߶סĵͷʾˡ
ǹԹԵӣȫһǿҵܣһСϱ˳
ʶ˶֪ɲڿȫһֻƤʨӣҪǿĺѿ
˵ԽԽڼֲס˯˹ȥ
ճѴһһķŻȥȻֵϵƣǺñӡ
ǣ֣Ŀһᣬڳվ
ˣҲͷˣнͽܷġ
ڣԼҪȥѾ˽ıԵҪȴˡ
ôȥֻ»ɱνϮӿֲ飬ճ̲˵ġ
˿ýϺСܣٳǰŵıڣճŷĵ뿪ˡ
ֻǣǿֲɫη࿴һ۶ᱻŵ
ճûص˾Ϳʼ绰֮ģ
֮ʱֹ˾ԷۣҹǢ̸𣿡
ģϽҪʼˣǸ϶ĹȨŸϵģȻҪǾȫ³
˵꣬ճֱӹҵ绰֮űҶϵĵ绰ݺݵģǿɱһ
㣬һȥĻ㣬ô˵𣿺ðɣ˭ԼĶͷ˾أȻ˵ʲôʲôˡ
֮ΣѸո˵ûߡ
֮ͨ껰֮ճͽһһţŹ˾ȥˡ
֮˵ҵжɼһٵһЩɢɵĹ񣬼״ã׳геĹƱ
ϱǴҵһʲô£Ȼܲңƺܽñвð
ǣһȺʱ̹עϵ˾ͿǵĹƱ䣬ҳһţҲ֪ٸʲô
ڲûҲ֪
ֻǺڣܼҵҵȻҲ˽ȥǳװѰҽһˡд̶
һսһֱ˽£һֱҪӽˣͣ
ճҲװվӶ»˳ȥĹȨ׵ĳԼĶҶепʲ
ʱվҲǸֺ߸ϣʱƿճǸˡ
ʱķ˪һƣ㲣ԭͷϵĺڷռ˴벿֣ʱȴѼڷˡ
ʱһ˰ˡ
ʧȥƿصĲƣʲôҲҲȫ顣
ճһѾʧȥշɵվûһ˿е顣
ڳ״ͷ֮еĲǱһֽѣڲҪ϶ŪˣڴЩֲجˡ
ڣ϶ʲôҲɲˣҲˣҲҲԼ߿ܣˡ
ˣˣȴûʲôЦ飬ֻǴһ
ҲȥԼұˣҲÿʱÿĵɥĲϱ̬ʲôԵˡ
Լӣܹײϱָ̬ģֱЦ
ԣ鵽ˣǸϰı̬үүײģԭֺˣõĵ·ˣôʡĲĿܣҪиӣһľǡ
飬ԭ׼ǱߵԴҲȫˣռˣȻӣ衣
϶һΪԼ˽ôһľˡ
˶ӣֻΪúͲãúͲöѣͰݹʺĵʯˡ
ֻΣ̫ĵʯˣӵɶʣˣ˾ȫߣһɷҲûˣ˵ǮˣһûС
һƱ˵϶ˣǶճǱĺ޸ӣ濴κһ˿ͲᣬֻĮ
Ӧ˵̳𣿺ʹԼүүҲһĮ顣
һվճһĨЦֶһˮһڡ
үүҵȷܶô۾ͻҳˡ㻹ôһ˾ңӦøмģܱǸҸм
ԣҲɱ㣬һвˣȻӦȥסԺһ裬õˣˣ˵ǲǣ


91 
վ۾ʶˣֵĿ㡭ʲô˼
ճڵתϣլ鷿ճһǱˣֻý˿һ֮ġ
˼Ǻôүүֲɱ㣬ɷҸǰְֻۣôˣԺͱȥˣҹҲϲ̫ƽʺ㣬ԺͲͦģӦúЩ˺йͬԲŶԡ
վĿѣվȥճĲӣŤ񣬺޲ֱӿճ
ȥȲ˵û񾭲УҲȥȥˣʱˣ񾭲Ҳ񾭲ġ
˵ˣȥǽһûɣҽһĿ
ҪȥȥҲˣճҲ
ҪٻûᣬȥǸطջ
ˣɱֻҪɱҷ˾ˣģһ˭Լľ籾ߵģӦȥ
ԣǸţһģҪȻĿܷԼϴûе֣һŪˣϲǾ֮ǰʮʮˣúóζ
ЩֻվҪҰЩ˵ڣճܸİˣ֪֡
ճְվ˹ְһߣѾΪս˥ֱӰѰȥˡ
һֻɥ֮Ȯһ۾ݺݵĶճ޲̻
ճվ۵׿һ˿ڸһһӶץ־ϸĲɾԼ֣ոϸһ
Һܸм󣬸мѧ̸ңν飬ҲԱıֽһơ
ʵԭͽԺģǸƫϰ֣Ҳûʲô飬ɱɱˣ㲻ҵ䱦ȻˣǾҪ׼øۡ
˵꣬ճٲһۣתߣվǵ۵¶һ˿񣬴ӻͳһѵӣӵ:ȥɡ
ӺݺݵǰһͣۿҪкճȴ֪ճƺзԱһ˹ȥ
վǰݺһˣֶԼҲٴ˵ڵأ󱻸ճıһһҵļ
Юһ·ճĳճ԰͵λƫԶһҽԺ
Ի;ҽԺ
ҽԺͦµģ˵ʵΧǽʵʵĴţҽԺǼ
վڿƵһ仰˵ڣۿӿҽԺʼѹˡ
ճ˴վֱȥԺ
ԺǸʮ˹۾ճЦݵӭ
ܣͷæ֮аѲԴˡ
ԺķӦȻ֪ճ˹
ճ΢΢ô˵ϾҲҵүүеӵĲܣñ˵ġ
ҲԡԺ͵Ц
ճ:үүʧ̫Ѿ˼˾ͿĵزϣԺҽܶչˣÿ˲˼ԼҪȻһܳȥ˭ˣˡ
Ժ󾪣Ȼܼ٣ŶѾôˣǷǵİŵˣһ˵˾Ͳˡ
ճЦһƬƣǰǰǮ⣬ԺҪģֻúõҩƾˡ
Ժͷʾˡ
Ȼվ
ſִŰ״ӵҽ˽
Ǹͷϵճıˣ˸ġ
ҽǱڡ
վһһҼҲԸⲻԸ⣬ϡ
վֵ۾ƴǲϽȥֻҪȥˣҲˣ
ֻǣܿϧϾѾˣʱȣͱͿˣûͿգҲ˸Ĵ˵Ķ֣ӲǱ˽ȥ
ۼվɴҲˣͷճƿڴС㱻ǸԻ۾үүҲϣǣ֪ǸСҵ͸ˤ㡭
ԽԽվ񶾵Ҳˡ
ճЦۣƢܺõӣүүҪԹԵӴӽ뿪ˣԺ㣬ҪҽĻҪ֣ҽΪѡ
ᣬ鵽λһԼүүĺӣȻЦȫûдﵽ۵ס
ճӻ֣ĿվϽҽԺǳķȣ˵ľޣվϵţǸ飬׵İվ˳ȥ


92 
վͽԺֱӰճű۾ݺݵ˿
׵ĽˣվӰ֮£ʱʱ̵̿вС
һֱѹͷϵĴɽһֱѹĴɽڳ׵ʧˡ
ճѵùһĨõЦݣܷɣûвѾԤԺԼұҸˡ
תͷ֣صԺ֣ޱȵĸмԺʵ̫лˣүүë治֪ҪǺˡ
ѽѽ˵ﻰ
ί˺һӣճ뿪֮ǰڵǾҶվɣһʲôЭҽѾ˭ϲˣͨˡ
ǣϰ塣
ճҡҡ֣һˡ
ûؼңֱȥн飬ױˣױۣȻļңȴʹ֮⣬ûʲôõĻ䣬ԺҲͽ¼ң˰ɡ
ʵƵؽģԭеĵƤϣʵܲˣصصһƬشͶģɴֱˣʡſܡ
ĶһȫҲûʲôҪģùĶסĵطžͶģɴֱȫˡ
ҲûʲôĶƺѧУıҵ֮⣬Сû¹һƬ
Ϊû뿴ƬҲûҪȻҲͲ˸ա
෴ͽϺСƬһѣÿõ˲䣬϶¼Ȼϴװɲᡣ
ںˣЩļȫԺֻǵõĺһʱ͹ˣҲԲˡ
֮ǰվĴڣҰ˹ڣڣ谭ѾҲQˣҲԶĹˡ
ҪߴңģǾͲҪˡ
УҪԼұһʢĻСһԵ֮ͯҪȥΣȥأ˼ɡ
ǣСһզ죬ճü˰죬ɴཻѺүɣǾͳȥһ£ֲࡣ
ţôˣʡԼҪԼұһ¶͵͵ģҪСһʱȥŪǳˡ
һߺ˼Щеûģһظϡ
֮ǰҪȥһˣѵͬˣһֱ󣬻һȥΰɣҲ°·ײ˻߽֮ˣǸвѾͽȥͳĵطˡ
ҵĴһңûүүܱQִ˾ͺˡ
УıѾװˣȻõĶȾװ޲ϣԷһٷ£ǼҾ߿ǰˣܺʱġ
ϾҪԼұѡ
УС
ʲôʱֻ֪֪ǰû谭ıʣµľõˡ
ֱӻ˼ңǸС¥ƿţϻ˯ҹ˸飬Ҫȥվ˶ϣǲ쵣ģԣŹ
һʱ䣬Ѿӽʮһˣճչȥſɰף񫣬ڴϿ˼ڣüͷͷˣŲɧˡ
ԼǮȥˡ
Ĳ࣬Ҫܷ㣬ôһڼ
ֻô֮Ҫİȥ˶Ѿ
Ҳû£֮ĿܻԼұͣȻҪҸźˡ
İ˰ȻҪõġ
ճ˼룬˳ְѲɨ﷭ޱȻһΪ
ķ˾ʦҪأĸ´ˣ
Ҫֹ˾飬¡
ѽѽԺеæء
հѲ˶˳ֻˣɾ֣ĸ
ι裬ô𣿡ƽʱϲ绰ԼһǴϵġ
ŶҸոմϵĵ绰ûͨʹˡ
ǣ˯̫û˳͸ֻˡ
ۣбͽб£ɶڰַЦ
ճԼգ衪ϳе㲻˼Ҳеӡ
ˣˣһһεĴ󼯣һҪҪ棿
ðһֱȥСһҲһֱҪѣʵ̫æˣһֱûգκòæˣһȥú档
УһҾͲˣҺһӺò˵ǻ
ţõģ衣˵æˣҲæȥء
ҹˡ
У裬ȥæɡ
ǱߴæճŹҶ˵绰


93 
ѷ˶˵ϣճŻصȥСè
ϣ˯Сˣţϻһϸ΢Ц⣬ƺʲôΣġ
˵Ҳġ
̲סͷȥ
ڳ˯С࣬ȥ
ϱôɧţܲ۾ͿϹ棬ϵ۾˳Ľëš
ϺȻ˻ۣͷҧҧۣģճĶһ٣ƵЦ
ȴӭճӼҵǣȻȴŰԵҲ˳Ű뿪½˽ȥ
ϻ֪ܲǵϹˣŵϽͣҪһΣĲˡ
һᣬȫˣճŷŹĽϣ˳ƨɣ㣬ЦеģС𴲣ٲϹҪԵˡ
ཱུĺ˳ֳͷ˹ȥȴСĳ۵̲סһӴ
ճӹͷһΪ˵ŵøϽ˹ȥҵʵ:ﲻ˵ˣ
Ĵһѣ㻹˼ʣۣ˫̫ˣϽࡣ
ô˵ճŷԹԵĹﻹĵЦۣ֤ʵǿãӦÿĲŶ
ϱЦˣǴûô޳ܵ 黹˵ֱ׳ģڶķ¡
ǣ˳ְԼͷȥճû㣬ͷҵԼϣͷȥҲжۣΪ˺ţǹⷢˡӴһ
ֻͺܼ٣ȫû˵
ͷϻ˽ϵİۣת˫֣ɵĺ£㸺Ҵ·
ճֺǺǵհˣĪҲӡ
˵ţ˱Сһָѵ·˳ֳԶԵĲֺ
ò״·Ū˶ˣҶ˷ӦҲûŪһΣɴͻְæˣżôһΣ̼ͦġ
֮󣬵˵Ϣ֮󣬴ϴ֣Ѿˡ
ճû취ֻȥһ飬Ҳˡ
ճڳæϾʹ˳͵ԡ
ڳ˵Цܰ
ȵѷ˳ȥѾҪԱˡ
ϷιһڣιһڣȻֻǼҳˣɳԵۣоȷĴĻҪóԡ
Եһ룬ճ绰ˣץһȴǽ
ճɻ󣬽ҵֵײ绰ЩʲôһԼǮˣͻŸҪǮأԼǮ˻
˲ʲô£Բ绰ġ
绰ȵŵ㽹磬Ұѱе˸ˣźݻơ
ճԵһӲˣ룬˭أ˰죬Ŵ˸˳
ҵҵ㲻ϣҲһӵܣĳϣһֱҸǰա
һĶӣ붯ҵܵܣ泤һ鴦ġ
úõôˣ
ܴ˭ģǰײȹ˵
Ǳ߹ĳĬһ£Ȼƺе㲻˼ŤŤĵ:˸ҩҡǸΪ˾ˡ͡Ͱˡˡ
ճһü֪ˣȻ벻ճۣʵͦģ⣬мǮŪһŮѵġ
ǰСǣеɫСǣ
ҪԸãǸȡ裬ҪԸĻǿˡ
ƷɾۣԸűҩɣϾ֮ǰϲŮӵģͻȻ֮תˡ
ճûӵܣֻЦӴǼұҲѽôûгû췹
ëըˣôû뵽ƽʱôĵĴῪЦ߳ŭĽһ硪
Ȼžһ˵绰
ճֻ̲סЦֱӣԼұգſɰ۾ԵĿԼ󡱿һڡ
ۼСҲأ
ϹĿɶôģо÷ɣƽʱǾԲῪЦģǰһֱǳŵĴӣôִܵܿɫЦģ
°֮ͣ󣬸оƺʲôһ飬Ҳǣ÷ɣɵܸЦˣҪ֪֮ǰܵġ
ϻھᣬճȴѾ绰飬һ˵ˣٶȷɿ졣


94 
绰ˣճܺõļԷ˼һιոյȫûдŶ˵Ȥ
һȥʰ;ߡ
ճһˢ룬һ߸ϵҵܹܵƺǸһˡ
Ϊ⣬ôһˣҽԺһ֮󣬾һ˰ɣ
Ȼ˵ҪѷɽܸʵҲǿЦģô˵أͦã̫ܿޣûʲôȫҪһչ
ȻϣҲ࣬ҵ̫ۣܵϾҪչ˷ɲס
ҲҪ֪ȥ¡ճ˳ְϴõݸϡ
Ͻӹɾźá
˷ֹܿϴˡ
СһҪһϼҵĻҪء
ɣʦҲɶǺ棬ȥȥûνճĵ
ۣҪʦ⻰ɡ˦˦ϵˮ
Բڼ˵ճޱȻָˮɾ
Ҳɵãճˣ˳һ£Ȼյǣؿ
ˣ֤ˣɶʱȥ񰡣ҪѸȫ£ҵˣЩĻˣճգգ۾ͼԽϷŵ硣
ϧЧãֻѽ϶Цˣ˰е֣֤𣿰첻νֲ᲻ҡ
Уңôί㣬ҪվߣҵİˣҪҹһӵˡ
ҪǾ֣ҪǿǣЩû۹ĵǣҼұôãȻϣ֤Ϲ
ۣϹϲһ˼ϲϹΪԼõģݿһֱ޷޲ƽΪ˼û۹⡣
ճƲƲ죬ҪϲĻ򵥣ǮλˣǶţǰûк̨
û˸ǮûȻˣԴҲܳŹ֡
żԼҵ˺õԴҲ˵ͱˣΪʲô˼к̨£
̨ǿӲ˭Դ˭Ұҹ߳飿ԼұûԴûк̨
Լĺ̨˭Ұҹ߳ҹľôųǱĻˡ
飬ѾֹһˣÿζͬļСԱò׵ֵĻᣬȻϾͻĻˡ
ԶǵãҹʱѹȴӲЦݵֻǲģһѹˡ
ⲻ֪ĸܡ
ΣұҪ죬ҪȻôǮ˭ȥ
ͷļ򴦹˹죬Сһڣʰһ£ȥɣճ
ðҲˡ϶µҲˣΪ˺ֶһ߾Ǻü꣬ڣòɿˣȻҪȥˡ
׼ϼȥˣһߣճȻæƽˣȴһ鷳ˡ
ľǷɡ
ôأɲμ㣬Ͷ̰ŵľƻϡ
ɸͷߣ־£Ƥ𪣬Աޣ޶Ƚ϶Ծ
ɺճһûûˣݣһ֪ڼŵǣûкҲϴա
ֻǶһľƣڽĿڳӦꡣ
Ϊûµģ˭֪Ǳ˿ˡ
ȣڳûйܵģȫװһ֪ߵС͸˭ں
Щߵ˶ᱻǱ򣬸˵͸ˣ
ڳ˾Ŀ˰ķǿдߣûȥܣȫ
ֱӰϵ˷Ŀܷ˸ˣӲǱһϵľơ
֮ҩЧȫΪѾһʧˣҲûȥô·ڴϣԼȥϴˡ
ΪСǣ˾ˣҲ˸ǿͷʹ绰Ҳ
ȻѾڵĻյе־ˣ绰Ǵóȥġ
ֻǣͨѶ¼ȴ֣˭ȻܣһҲᱻץסûճĵ绰
ȦˣȫǱĽ飬ʹ˵绰Ҳ
ۿûʱĥˣһ۾Ϳ˽ĵ绰ԴǴ֮ûϵһΣǷֱĽʹ˽ĵ绰
˵ҲɣΪ˾ͻ˷ɵĵ绰Ҳĳȥ
ʱҲûôֻ࣬Ǿòøĺѳ¡
ֱӾͳ˷ڵķ䣬Ҳ֪ǲ޿֣Ŷû¶죬һƾͿ
Žȥʱѷɵ·Уǲϣ޵ˮ


95 
·ѾȫǹˣһƬڰƤϸۡ
ǿСģȴӴ̼˵ʩŰģһ̬߱ķЦһŷɵĲӣģҪһ
ǸңˡһͶˣҲľͳȥݺݵһȭȥ
ֻ˵ʩŰȥˣȻȫûֱһȭ̵ڵأŷӦ˽ˡ
תһſӿݵͷҲҪǸԵʣ˭
ͱɫͿ壬ĿǽĶ֣Ҫȴ·ŵˡ
ŲĵڵϷźݻв
ûȥȥϰķɷ·뿪ˡ
ܵķܰ˴ȥһǣڱùݿ˼䷿
ɱҩڵĻյԺģϱͶԽ˼鼸˳¡
Ȼʱ䣬³£ŴǸ绰ճʶӡûճڲƽ飬Ͼﲻ
绰鵹ǽˣȴһ鷳¡
ŷɵҩԣư͵İ˳ˣ˵ȷкøУĲϴĵز
ͷ۵üģô죿
ϡͿľͰĺѸˣ粻ƤɣȻ֮ǰԼЦ˵ҪѷɽܸԼʱǵЦ㣬ⶵתתģôǷչ˳
ص̾˿ûг̵ϰߣҪȻ侲侲
ֺؾɵ˼룬ΪŮѻУֻҪ˼ң͵ö˼Ҹ
ϴһȴ븺
˼һвԽΪǰΪˣå
֪˼еˣû취ҵĽҲΪԣôˡ
Ȼ˼ҷɸ˯ˣͻȻ˻û̫ĸ˭˵ϳƱġ
ûи飬ˡ
뵽ոջھͷ۵ĽˣҲȴɡ
ǣ绰ˣ˯˵ķɣϲԽ¶һЦ⣬§˯ˡ
ɾһľţֱ֮˺óʱ䣬۵ĸо§źܿаȫУԼһֱĸо꣬˯ˡ
ȻʶãǽչĿ죬ûȷʽϵأϳˡ
ڿһ۽ߡ
ճָ㣬˾͹ϵĸı׷޲ԡ
ȻϲһˣͿʼ˵ԺҪһһ⣬ͰյЩŮѵ绰ȫɾˡ
ЩɧĸɫܳˣȻ᲻ãΪ˽Գı䣬ȸĵҷŵϰߡ
ֻˣͻȻѧ͵ٻȸһʵΪˡ
·ϲɫϵģȻڻڣҲٴɫϵ·
һδһװ㣬ĶܣڿһԼƶţпɫ£ճһֱʹˣȻоܱŤ
֮ﳶһ£ﳶһ£;·ȫвĻá
죬˲֪ٱ龵ӣȷԼѾˣĴ˸ָˮϳֱȥ¥µġ
һ룬ܵɣǰЩŮѣ㲻ȥǾ͸֡
ǣְ·ͷȥһһ룬ϲ˵ҲŮӣִ򻨵ͷȥ˼鵰һ̲衣
ȷӦòˣһȣȥ¥µ
ûɧĿڳϵȫȫ綼֪һ
ֱӱŶ¥š
ȥͷɹȥˣֻнһڼңţΪˣĵţͿ˾Ц
ֱӵķӦҪţ˾һָֻסˣҲ˽ȥҪţȴѾû취ˡ
˾ͳŽע⣬Լƣɹ˽ȻٶȷɿñŹϣһۡ
˾ϵĶݸ֪㰮ʳصȥģһ̲Ŷ
û׼ұǲ졣
һ۾ȴѾԾȥˣ˿ڿˮ
˾һϷҲƽ˵ɶˣٺһЦãбͲУǽ㶫𣿡
ûȽܾԼֽŵȱæžܾҵپܾҡ
б˵ʲô
Ǳ֮ͨҪϤɣֲǹϵܣ㱦㲻ģ㽭Եˣԣһ£㶫Ҳû


96 
ɻô˵ƺͦеģҲԣԼҸԼճ磬˼ŽУյĽС
˾ͺԼ̫ϤҲ㲻ϤֹϵĺѶλӦýԼʲô
ǼܽУôܵĳƺûһ
ʶϵšȽϾᡭˣͷͶɣȻƺͦܵģǽйˣҲǲܽܡ
ǣɹı˵ĽĬ˾ͶԼĽзȴ֪ȫ˾͵·
ͷ㰮оͽаɡ
˾ͰȸҮƣһֱĴҲˡ
ǣ֣ޱȻİǣԴ򿪺ӣһһĵóְӵݸЦеĵˣ԰ɡ
̲סˣΪһԻĿܵˣʳڸǰԵĵ
Ҳ˭ģʲôĿˣһ飬ϲ̵Ȼ۾
ǳԱ㣬èһȻ˾͸ϲСӡ
ͷ˾һĿԵ⣬ÿÿԵ̫Ҫҭʱʱĵ̲衣
һڣȻһĨɰĲЦ
ŲõЦ˾ͺȻһ࣬ĺÿ죬ˣˡһõĸоȫ
ʱȻеճĻֻҪҸ֣ҲһЦҸҲҸˡ
ǰ˼Ϊ̸ǸԷ򣬿ŶԷЦĿģԼ׬ӣҲģǾˡ
ȴԭǰҪϲһˣԭںĸܣῴЦԼģԼܡ
ĺܿ죬ǲԼһˣ˼ϵϣͷһΣǸо
ԵĲֺ˾;һֱ֧°ͣϴЦ⣬۾۵ĶŽǿʲôһƿ۾
˾͸鵰⣬Ȼ󣬵Ҳһȫ갡һ飬ȹ̲裬Ҫһ֣˾͸Ͻֹ
ٺóԵĶҲҪнƣ˵ˣ̫ˣ̫ߣֺ̲裬³ְŵ´ڳԺ𣿲ҪһԵĳԹ⣬һԻô죿
˾ͼȰסоҲ棬ǰŮѵʱ򣬸չǵĸܣǶϽȴԾĻᵣģ̫࣬ۡ
Ըľ죬ͶƽʱٳʳΪɶ˾ҲҪ
Ȼ֪ΪãģǻһԵĳԸ˾ζã̫Ϊһһ⣬ȴˡ
һתֳ˳˾͵䣬գգǺͽޱԲ۾ɵ
ҳԵ⣬ɲԣ˵Ż˻䡣
˾е£ôҲ벻ͶʳֻΪýԼӡõ㣬ɵõջ
ô벻õơ
˾ֻãĽÿɰǶԲԲ۾ѽĶҪˡ
ң⹥ֵס˫۾˾ͲһʹӦˣҺüʱɲӲԼӲĳ
ܾһ˫۾˾;;ųһƬʲôܾĻ˵ڡ
˾˼죬ܾĻߣ˵ڡ
һЧԽװ۾ﻹˮ
΢۾챻Լǿ֮һģһ˾ֱӰˡ
˫۾֣ΪļɶģƨֻεĵͷȥԵˡ
ͷܵˮһӾʧˣֿһЦݣ˾ͣϲ̵ȥԵˡ
ոջأһˣֵ˾һѣȷ鶼ɶ
߽ԵĿģǱߵ˾ޱȴܣе㲻Լ뷨Ϊνһûأ
ǰһȺŮѣҲԼ˾⣬ȫûб뷨뷨ô˽ͱأ
Լ˾ÿɰ뱧֮⣬ȫһͿ޲ðеĺöȫǰֻҪľͺá
˾ķɿ࣬ƵĿųԵĺܿĽ
ԼһȫڽˣǽڻûԼû׷һ׷ôѹ
ҲǲҪϾǰŮѸûôѸ㶨һϽõЦǸոðѿͷֱԼˡ
УÿɰϲÿܷһҪ׷֡
˾͹ڻûףڵ̬ѾճһˣΪԼϲĶá


97 
Ψһ˰֮ϲ̵ĳԵеĵ⣬Ҳ壬ССĴ˸ãһ㡣
Եĺ㣬ͷһһγ˸Ƕӻˡ
ԼĶƤȻֿڴޱȵ˾ͣתת飬ȥοһ¿Ӱ۴ˡ
߹ȥĸ첲˻ΣΪ˽˺óԵĵģһ׷ҵĻᣬȥӰɣ˵һֲӰЧͦģȥɡ
˾͵һɿڣϲøҪĵ˶ЦĻƵģǲãȫûע⵽Լǣűˡ
˵ĺóԵĸӦҪ𣿵أǣűˡ
Ҳ˭ȡλˣ˼ҵ־ܣúúãȥӰ˵ɶͿɶ
ЦĿǰЦһɵˣǸʱ˵Ӱ۴
ôãôɵˣ
ƺɵҲͦġ
ƫͷ룬ȷͦģҲûע⵽Լ뷨ƺеΣգôˡ
˽ָĵӰԺſڣ˵Ǹʲôҹ֮˿ֱ׻֮ģΪĺˣȻҲŮӰԺ
ͨŮǿľζǴ˯ǺͶԷģ˵ʵӰɶƶ֪
ÿŮ׻֮ģͰŮһһͰϸֱϣԡ
ܿɶӰȫĮҲ˷ʳһΪɾ
ǽ첻˱׻ֻһͰ룬ǺͽһһͰĻһñ׻ԣָ˴ˣٳûһ£ţƺҲ
ûл˼ЩŮѵ˾ͣһοʼѾ˼ֺýЩСҲ㵽ˡ
˵ƱߣǵƱм䣬һߣ̫ƫҲ̫
ȥ֮˵ȽĿһ𣬱˴ײţ½һ
ΪûӦ׷Եʣ˾Ͳȥֻ֣ܽſһ顣
ʹҲͦˡ
ӰƬʼһʼƽƽģȫֲӰӣҲûʲôѪȣȫǰϲڵӰڶѪΡ
˾ԼӰֲۣӰҲĹҲֹһȫֲ֪Ӱôĳġ
һ㶼ֲеЦԣһоûС
ԵĽ֪˵ϲֶϵĿ־岻˵˷ͿԿ˷ġ
ϵӰԺգԼĹ·˺ܺõĺС
ŴӰԺһУȻһץס˾ͷһԵ֣š
亹ҲеȴȻ۾ȥ棬Ҳ֪ŵû˷ܵġ
ӣ˾˼һȻȻڱ˻û֮ǰһѰ˻
һ㶣̶Ҫ˾ǿѹˣսߵ£ұ㣬Ҫˣһ§㡣
߾ֲ֮ϵĿܾôඪˣºһҪ
𶯣ôȥ˼ҿӰС鷳ԹԹԵģҪСǿӴ
˾ͰвȰĵ
źۼɨһΧǱȺΧм䣬ҪֵĻƺĲ̫ãĹԹԲˡ
ֻǱôţ˾͵˳ſһĵطԴԴϵĴпյɻǾù̵ģ̵ģĻŤŤȥȡ
ôŤ˾ͱǱԼϲˣϲԼŤŤȥԵƨɲʱļѹԼҪûӦͲˡ
˾ͱĥܣ϶һ£ѹԼߣߵҿΪǹ
ȽӦһҶˡ
˾͵߱͵ͳôһѹߣԸеҪö䶼̲סС
Ķֺһˣһ䣬ҲŲǹأ
ҲٶˣôԴԽԽӣҪҶ͹ˡ
ƽӲĲ˾ϣ͸оĶŤڣ˵ˣҳһţӰݵɶ֪ˡ
Ա˾ޱ㣬ޱܣ˵ʵĿҪըˣѻ˰ڵظˡ
Ұˣ֮ͬǰǲģȻܣȴϷſ
ܣԼܡ
˾άֹһֱֱ˶߹ˣǲվ
һǲ˼һǲ÷֡


98 
ǶԵ߳ӰԺﻹͰûԶٵı׻Ϳ֡
˵ΰɣǣ˵ǢƺҲ׼ȷ
˲֪Ҫμʱ򣬽ĵ绰ˡ
һĸϴ˵ģϽӣһûɶ²һʲô顣
裬ô
Ҳûɶ£ͱزĴ󼯣ǻ𣿡
룬ðȥߵĿҵæѧϰãżȱãʦǶܵġ
Уǵ磬ز绹Сܻ档
Ǻã
˵꣬ĸϾ͹Ҷϵ绰ˡ
˾죬ֹƺͦʽҪȥʲôأ
ôʳأˣǸҪϼң˵Ǳд󼯣ͦġ
˾ʵǳȥȴҲʲôȥѻҪ׷˼Ҷӵˣ
֪Щ͵˻ǲͬͬΪвģû׷֣ʱȥˡ
ҪȻƷװȥĸ˳̽飬뷨ޱˣһðͷѹȥˡ
˾ʹģüοŽֹýޱɻĿôˣԥԥģһ㶼
ǰһֱ뵽ɶ˵ɶ
Ǻܸɴľôˣ˵ʲô𣿡
˾ʣǿ˺һᣬ˵һؼңƺûǸʸͻȻһĵؼңȱ˾ҿȥ
֪ĴĻ룬ãҴĳȥУ˳·
˾ʹܣò׹ɢˡ
ú档
ֻ˵Ŀȥˣȫûע⵽˾͵ԡ
֮˾ͰͻؼңˣûҲ֪ȥˣ
ڶ죬ȥ˽棬ôҲû򣬽Ȼŷһˡ
е£ôһ˲䣬룬ƺҲ԰˾ʹ
ҡҡͷҡɢ뷨˼ܷɣ˵ѣ˾Ҫ˵ɶ׷ܵܣǰƲӰ۴
ңϰȫֻ֪᲻
ɺͽһˣ϶ٻе⣬Χת˺üȦָͷ˴ĺѣſߣΪɶһˣǿ𣿡ĸ飿
һ䣬û˵ھˡ
ԼգΪ˼һ𣬻Ǹضѻһ𣬵ҪĻǣǸε˰ɣ
˻ϵ룬ճüеడγװˡ
ǣֱӸ˾˸绰ԣҰ񿪹˶ࡣ
εҿƺǸ˺Լ
ȻҲǸСǣȻû˽ҳûбķ
ԭʵȥģΪԲ˳ȥҲΣǽϣ˵ȻǽУҲǱŽȥģǰĸĸ֪Ҳá
ʵҲ棬Ǽֱ֮Ӹ߷ɣоܺãԽΪǰ
Ȼʱͦ㶵ģӦǴӦˣƺͦĵġ
ǸɣҪһ˹һ֮ûжģܿģȻǸ˫ɡ
¾ͲˣϲʣԺһ¾С
ڷҪȥĸĸɶ׼ˣµֲһĸأһǷֿأ
Ȼһ𣬻ûü˽һ±˴ˣǷɶоܺãֿ
һֱ˵ӦҸչԼΪԸҲʺչ˱ˣһչȽϺʡ
һʼıô˵֤ԼԼǸˣչ˱ˣ³ǲͣŮѷ֡
ˡ
һ֮󣬺չ˵ȻͦߵģܵİãȻ˵ĲʺҸչ˰ɡ
Ѿ¥£Ѿӽˣһ쬵ġ
ϺͷɴĲ࣬һʶӡ
ճгһ¸ϣ˳ְһСһϡ
ԼҲмпˡ
Ҳǣʱ͸·ˣȺڣֱӻһ۵Цݡ˿ûΪһԼСһչʲô
Ȼû̫ʾǺԵĹ˹ǣҲ
ֻʣ½һˣͰ͵Լ·ûҲû˹ܡ
۵ģ죬ίͰ͵ϵ¿ۣ˶ۣûУô죬˾ˡ
ȫûʶԽԽ˾ҲԽԽˣе㡭Σհ


99 
Կ֮еȦϰ˿ôԽԽˣ
ⲻܹܵ¾ˣ񳵵Կ׸ճγϰ壬費Ҫȥ
ȻҪͣͲϸȥˡ
ûаȫΣֲֶ°װȥôһһҲ˲ʱ䣬ʱѾ쵽ˡ
ǵϼҲ̫µĵطӦ˵ӲŶԣҲ̫ԶСʱ͵ˡ
ȻתתƵ·̫㡣
һ˻ȥʱ򣬽찮Ѿſڵˡ
ϵϷӣŶԺ䣬طͦԺӣԺﻹŲˡ
찮ΪֻԼڣҲһ³ʱһ㶣Ȼһ³Ľ
ɽŵĿ˵֪ҲǸʵۣҲ֪ίһӵģֱʵʵ˵ˡ
֣裬ڽѣǴ֤֡
վĶסˣ찮ҲǣƽӲĶԭأϵıܹ죬֪ҪηӦˡ
ϼ״ϽָСȥȡ
СһҲһȥסѵĴȣĽѣˣ𣿡
ʹ֮ʲô죬СҲĻ¶Цݡ
찮һСһľˣϹЦݣһʹСһݺݵ۵һڣ룬ѵȻǵĴ󱦱ˣôҲѣԣҪСƨɡ
СһѻŤŤŤʵЦûУСְˣû
öĽ⡱һӣڼǧģҪСһ¶ڣһСһ͸йˡ
ǴŹȷ˸գΪ˲СһﵣģǾ͸˵ˡ
찮һұˣҲ˲÷˭ˣĵıСܴչȥ´ϣˣϲأôû˵
ЦǷ˼ƿˣûʲô£̫ˡ
찮´̫ţϾΪԭСʱ򾭳ҽԺܲá
΢˵㣬ֿǿˣûôಡˡ
Ҳ̫ǲҪĸܡ
ֻôһԭۼڷϵ˼תƵ˽ϣ⵹û뵽ġ
찮ѯ˺ð죬ȷû£ŷŹ
֮ճһӲꡣ
ôСĹȥˣճͽ϶һۣźۼ˿ȥˡ
찮תͷɣɺǿĳһЦݣҲԵúΣ˫½ȥҲ
СĿ찮̣Ƿɡ
찮úܸӵ´죬ε̾ˣɣѾ˺ˣǱӵԸˣҲˣ佫ǺңǱˣŮҶںˣԼľͺá
ô˵Ѿͬˣһûʲô̫϶ֿһĵЦݣ᷽ˡ
һֱûĽžܾأŷû˵ͬ⣬ĬˣôУ
ϴϲˣ˸ǺǿŽܵģںˣô϶Ҳһ𣬲УУԲУһ˽һô£
˾ӦúŮһӣϴû취ĺӲС
ֻûԣͱǿѹˡ
û˵ķݣ֮ǰɵĺ£Ūϼ겻ñҲ𣿺˺ŮһʲôҸͺãٸ¡
ҵĴͳţ𿴽ڼǰͦϵģǵ˽ǰ͵ˡ
ô˵ðһɻȥˣԹԵı˵˵ࡣ
ĶżϣתͷȥǰѽЦˣְСһ
æҵĽӹСģ¿ԼС
Ц˼ϺճҲĺҸӶˣûܣȸŮĺö˰ɡ
˳Űţںţ㣬Ϊ룬㻹զǶҸͺ𣿡
С¶ŲõЦݿүŴŴһү
еĽĻŭţˣѾһСˣûкӾûаɣȫҶôһ
˵ˣ˵ĶԣҸͺãŮء
Ŵվźݺݵ۵СһڣСһġЦүˡ
⻵۵ļúСһֱЦҲ֣Сܾ˽ȥ


100 
ֱӱˣһȫԭء
찮ôãܲ˽ˣ˵ѼӲ͵Ĭˡ
ˣֳˣǲ˵ȥɣɶ԰ɣҲɣѾ÷ˡ
һ˿Сȥ
ܹ䷿ӣʽģΪ䣬ûпͲ֣֮ȫҾһȽϿĴ󷿼ǿ
ճóһɰͲҶݸ֣ĲҶͲߣɰġ˵赭дģǲһ
Ҫӵһûס˳ǣ֪ǮҲôѽ
ܿģȴҪӲһë
ճѾϰˣЦЦ˵ܳͽѾܺˣͲںˡ
˵ͷֻ̫ģ˵ѣûӵ֮󰮲ֵ
ճɵȥһϺͽ˲ˡ
϶˵Ĳˣճеݹȥ裬Ҳ֪ϲʲô͸һӣ㿴ϲ
д򿪣һˮͷܺã̵ӳǰ
е㶶ǣôôҰҾһũ̫̫öϹˡ
ճЦ裬˵ɶأźÿģֱĿͨũ̫̫˵ˣҲкôŰɡ
մܲҪ˻ֵ仰Ͱ̫̫Ļŭŵģ˳һԼұ
Ů˶Σ찮Ҳ⣬ճһ壬ҲƴˣôǶ൱ڰӵġТģֻ˵Ҳֵģ¾ϲ̵Ĵˡ
ֿĿ˰죬ϲ£Ц
ûճǮ˵ιҲһ̫صһˮ֮ģڵΪ˼
ǽûɶģԺһˣòģֻҪǻҾͿġ
⻰Ҳ˵ϺճģȻƵϵȴΪѾóʱûˡ
ɵͷŷ
ٷԵĵͦǢģڼ䣬ճͽڵĸԼİ˼вˣ̣Ϻǣչ˵΢
ҧſӿͰ͵Ŀţ찮ȥͬʱҲʧЦӼһıҪ˹㣬ҲϽһչɡ
۾һˮǿӲ˳Եʹ˵һ䣬˵ĻҲҪ𣿡
찮в˵һ٣̶µļвˣЦеĵҪҵõˣǲԡ
Ҫ˵ԼһֱˣСһţһԺȣģҲ֪ǿǿɰ
ιСһͱȥˣôӣ԰԰ڡ
֮ǰһֱûǼƵȻܿǻǲԱʵУԼòԼӳȥȥ
ˣ찮ҲùܣԼӻܿˣ
ˣʽѯ˵˵ĻҸ˰
ӶӶ˸ˣҲ֪ǲǻѧŵģۿСҲҪȻŤһӣ뿪ˣˣɣɲСҲһ߼겻
ҪϲˣǱȢһŮˣǺˣ˻Ա˴ûаĸ飬ǾǺˣȥԼϲء
ʵô뿪Ҳԭġ
ҶӸպճһ֮ûͬ⣬ʱҲԥͬ⡣ϾǺһˣô˵ô
֮ôת뷨˵أԭҲôһ¡
ڽճ뿪֮˵ع˳
ȻͬѾϷˣ֤ˣǼܲסЩ˼뻹̲ôͬΪв
ҵӲȥҽԺ飬˵в˲֪ٱ飬Ҳ鲻ʲô
ûʲôŪӶ֪ˣ˶ˡ
µãԭ˵£ԽԽû취ճˡ
û취֮£ҲȥȻӲȢŮˣҲҪǷֿ
ĻһֱڼӰţһӸǱִİ
ۿҪˣ˱Ž飬һʱ벻˫˫ɱˡ
Ҫɱסģ˫ĸĸôڱǿ찮ʱֻȫǽһˮ²ѣһһҶҲһʱ벻
ȻԸŴȴܾһ벻ǵʱ򣬺ڶ
ԣڽ뿪֮ͬˣˣҪܶӺãŮνˣֻҪҸС
ҲͬԼԺһֱȰԭֻҪӺúõģϲ˾ϲ˰ɡ


101 
һȺ˵˵ЦЦģһٷ˽һСʱųꡣ
ýҲСһˡ
û棬ȻãͷҲûжũûطȥ
찮ϴ֣к༸ˣߣϼȥ
иͳʱ䣬ʮ˻ۼϼǽиɽ
ǲŽһ࣬ʱ䲻ȵģá
ÿʱ򣬸ɽǽһࡣ
ɽɶģ·ƷȵȣĻǸСԣǺӵá
ɽһϾһڣϻиݳԼ̯λһ߿ݳһߣСƣˡ
ľͿʼ˼ˣ˼ƵģܰȺ
ŷ뿪һȥˣֿǸҲˣԼȥˡ
찮Сܸճһ·һ߻Сһﲻ
һ·̯ǰСѵӣ۰Ͱ͵Ŀǰˡ
찮һۣǸ޻ǵġ
̯һ˱źӹϽкһɣǮһ֧иֿζġ
ʲôζģ
ƻģݮģܹϵġ
ܹϡСһض˼ҵĻ
ϣһ֧ܹϿζ޻ǡСϲЦտĶ޻ǡ
ǰſ찮ͽûֵͷȥңͿһڼһ̯ǰ̯һ֧Ҫõ޻ǡ
ַѴ˻ȥ찮ҪǮճϽǮݸСʮǮСҵġ
һתۣͿ۰Ͱ͵ĿŶ޻ǣҪֲ˼˵
ʧЦֱӸС˵ٸһ֧ݮζ޻ǣСһġ
Ҫ⣬ȻֵĸˣܲܳԵء
ճӹɫ޻ǵݸϣû˼ӣճӲϲݮζġ
תת飬кóԵҲ˲öˣϲ̵Ľ˹ȥһڡ
һһСԶĶһޣһɰ
СһѵĻȥǣסСְֵ̧֣ͷ֧ɫ޻ǣӣСְ֣ĸҳһڡ
϶Լ޻ǵݸСһءһڣҧһ޻Ǳɣһȥ͵һ롣
Сܿ˴޻ǣѵе㲻˼ˣһԼ޻ǣֿ˿СְֵģպݺһҧԼĵ˹ȥ
Сְ֣ԡǱ׳ʿһֻǴ۾¶ĲҲ
ʧЦȴ붺С֣Ҳһڣֻһ㡣
СһһǣСְֵ֣һһСĳ޻ǣϲ̵ǰߡ
濴ӻ찮ЦһߵճЦ:ӰûСҲǡ
ճˣȴҸ۵Ż磬ⱲıͲƸֻҪΪǣҶܿ
ιĵˡ찮ŵĽеĿճ
ճ˵˲ŲԼ˵ɶϽĵ٩ɫһӾͺˣѵõĺˡ
찮ҲȥٶˣˣСһǰɣǾͲǶˡ
ⲻ˰ɣԼͺãСֵͦģճܾǺ˼øĸӣԼģ
ûϵɣôû̫ˣǶ۾¡
趼ô˵ˣճô죿СһﱧЩǮˣŷĵĺͽȥˡ
ϴ󼯲ƽʱСȫһֱ˼֣ռҲ㣬ҪͽߵĻҲøóʱ䡣
Ͽ޻ǣֻģճͽ̵ʪֽһϡ
ϻûֽӣͱճץס֣չʪһһϸĵĲá
ָҲûŹϸģɾˣָһڣȫӵĴϡ
Ȼʮָۣǣǰߡ
Χָָ㣬˵ʲôĶУеСŮͳֻգɫ죬鼤ֱȸԼǣֹҪ
ɫ죬Ҳûɿճ֣ߴļǣǰߡ
ճȫûӦɱô˵ǺϷǣôˣֲ
Щ˵ǶģҪʲôģȨ
ΪʲôһһŮԱͬڴ§§ͶģؼǵӺƫ
ͬԻѾϷˣһ˼뻹û취Ťתġ
ҪάֺһӣֱһһһȥŻиĹۡ
Ҫ˶ͬƻҪܾá


102 
ϣǣֵ߿Ҳ˵վܰˡ
ճ˸糵һ·ĿɿģࡱĴģСĻġ
˵ӣеЦڵĽϿɲҶһȻҲܿɰˡ
ϿƵһ͵Цգգʹ۾ͷɻȻָЦʲôأ
ճЦУ㡣
ֱӰѷ糵Լ¶һ壬̧˫־ȥЦɶǲЦң˵
ֳֵڴףһĳ磬ûЦ㣬ֻǾܿɰ
Ͼ죬תת飬У͵˵ġߵİָˣˡ
ճʧЦǰְܼѺߵץ˻
˶࣬׻һЩС͵С֮ˣǻϲᱻץסһ˷֣ôˣܲˡ
ոû߶ã˺ץС͵ҲϸС͵ùܲãƫƫܵǰ
֣о͸С͵·סˡ
С͵һֱӾȥƽϣΪϿöԸ
ɵûõϾõˣٺ͵ȫֶ壬еҲһ̫ɵ
ֻֻûϣһԵĻ޿ħһץס֣üͷһ壬һһͰˤȥˡ
С͵ɵ㶵֪ô¾ͱ˶ȥˡ
ΧһƬкְ˽ŵȥС͵ץסҲҪճ֣͸ѹˡ
ճͷŵ¼飬ȷû°ɣûˣ
żͷûͱ̵ˣʲô£
ȷû£ճɿָۣǰϹ䡣
ճͽŴСһʳȥʱ򣬼ﻹûأڼϻû湻תء
һᣬȻǽûɶĵı飬⼯СϵûȤˡ
˵ֲˣţҲįһĳ˫ɶԣֻԼһ˾ͼį
ؼҿҲܵĴһԴһ˫ֽգ֪˵ʲô̬ȻܣԵôĺá
ſž;ĽˣȻȻľ뵽Ǹһֱ׷˾͡
ոջأ˾ͳ˸ǰһֺõЦݡ
Լ۾ȷһԼȷǰ˲ǻþ
˾ˣ
һҲˡ
Ͽ˾⣬ɫͱˣ롱һӾվճۼֿһȥֱϡ
һĲȣֱӱסĲӣòסԼŭȥĿĺԲ𣿡
ճ̧ıӣҾò˾ģǶܵԼ£Ȼ磬Ҳܹ̫ܵˡ
һƲ죬ôͲҵˣҪ׷ҵܵܣͬⲻͬ⣬ôҪҵ׷֣Ȼˣһŵˣûط˵ȥ
ճЦãңҾҪôǵܵܣҾս첻ȥǸʲôӰۣҲԲ˶ߡ
㣬ҲƷ𿪣ҪȥϵһκԼϹϣΪһˡ
֪ƽʱĻճô֣Ȱҡ
㣬ҲĹĵһָЦ˾͡
ճˣֱֻ׵˵侲㣬֪㵣˾͵ƷûУֹ˾ֻԼһԸһ˼ҽԼԸأҪҪԹ𣿡
硣
ôˣˣҲճָָ˴һԴ˵ЦĿܡ
ϸոջҪ˾͹Զ㣬Ҳɵˡ
ܲôɵɣ˾Ůһѣ֮ĵǣô벻Ҫһɣ
ǣǸţ˾ٳȥ
ӦòǣǱƭ˰ɣΪ˾ͱ˾ͺһס
һߣӾҪȥ鷳ճε̾һѰ˻ȥ׼ĹĵСͿȥ
ѽǵκģȻ󻹳ÿն˾ͱһҮ֡
˾ͻ⣬˸ok˾ˣʱܸʱ
κĽϻع֮Ҫҵ˺ѾӰˣֻʣˡ
ϻɵĿճǹǵİɣ
ճ󱳷Լұˣǧɵѽ


103 
һֱ浽˲Żһ죬Կܿġ
ʵǲΪк棬ΪŰɡ
ɿڸߴĽϣһС˵˵˵ЦЦȻûʲô̫ǿĳҲܺá
Ŀһֱû뿪ɣ۵׵Լƶȴһ۾Ϳĳ
Сһ̫裬Ѿү˯ˣϸѵף˯Сˣںһ·СĵĻš
˾ͻģڿһʱʵͦ˵ģʹ뿪ˣϻùݵġ
ǶϽҲͬ۾С̬֮˾;ͷ뿪Ľš
ϲԼ˵ҲûУǾһų򣬷Ҳϲ
ʹǰۣ˾ͷ𣬵ǹǣҪͽһҪĿ
һԣѾȫȥˣ˵ĶԣҸͺãǵˣһգӵԼֲܸǹһӣҸԼϲİɡ
ǵ齻ԼţֱԽǾȥݣȥҴ󱦱˵ǵıӳˡ
ǲеڶˣôСһȫҵıˣȻҪúõĻˡ
찮Ե˾ͺͽˣεһ̾иϲŮӣȴû뵽·
˰ˣȻѾͬˣʣһ㻹ܸϳȥɣֻɿ˽
˾ĺͽ˽˿
ôãûԷճͽϺԾȥ˳һӵϴڸĸңǲ˭Ѳɻõĸĸֲʲô˵Ŀˡ
찮˾ͣԽԽ죬ԽüͷԽ壬ȻȻһӣָ㵵ĵ㲻ǾϵӵǸʲôʲôӰ𣿡
˾͵Цһ֪ݻع⣬˲׷ɶģڵϳֵƵ̫ˣ벻֪ѡ
찮һᣬ˾ͽŵע£˵֣ŶˣǸʲôӰ˾ͣŮѺڿǸɣǰ㲻Ǹպһʲôֵ𣿡
ֻǽһڣϾ൱ڸ˾̡
˾Լ߾ܻشֵˮ©ζϵǰ˵ˣҪôȥ⣬ȥ͡
˵ɶڽƱ簡
찮˾ͱӣҪ׷ǽһŮѷ𣿻ϵǽڼʮΰǲҲҪ¾ͷְ
ǽЩŮӣ治ǲҵںҲͼǮܲܲҪ˺Ƕڷֻüġ
˼ԣҲͬ⣡
˾͵ɫ¾ͲҰ׳һƬȻԤ˲ͬ⣬ȴû뵽边Ȼôֱ׵ҪǷ֡
ðɣǺûʽ
̣㻹ûô֪һ˺˾ǿһЦݣŲͣڲ֣ŬŶ
ȵ˺һжˣڻûѸ鳹Ͷȥü
ҪͶȥˣͳ鲻ˣֻܼʹ࣬Ͼνİġ
ǸˣҲ˵Ǹˡ
˾ʵͦ˵ΪʲôҵĽ˺ңߣԼЦ
ͽദһʱ֮󣬷֣ǵһ¶ģǶᡣ
˾ͳĬ֪Ҫôǣ˺㣬ģͽһӵģ֤֡
Ҳ֪˵ˣҲûŰɣ
˾ǳܵĺޱȺڣôԣڼʹ˵һ˶ûš
찮˵ˣ۽Ķȱ˵һ䣬Ȼ˾ͬˣǾ뿪ɡ
ֻλû˵꣬ȴˣ裬̫˺𣿡
찮üһ壬ϳϡСӣ㷴ѽⲻΪ𣿡
ޱǷϵ˾ͣѾ׵˵ӣҧҧ촽裬ѾˣԼжģǲĶҺã֪Ҳ̫ġ
찮һĿ㲻Ѿϲ˰ɣǸʲôˣӦñ
֪֮ǰһŮѣģڲѾǷҲûϵˣһֱûͱֹţڸıҿĳ㲻ΪյĴͰһӴ
ʱ򻻽ĿɿڴҲˡ


104 
찮ˣָͷָŽ㻹еϢʲô˶ϲҪϲҲܣҵľͺܺãͲϲôĹ
Ĭ˾͵ǰƣѹȥһo(^_^)oױo(^_^)o
ʱһֱûпڵĽȻ˾ͣϴȥ𣿡
˼ԣ趼ܳܵĻҲǲܿǣ׷ҵܵܡ
˾ͳĬվȻȥȡһݺܺļ飬Ȼݣ˵˳ȥȫˣûκεëܽ
Ҫ鰡ҪĲ˾֪Ѷˣ뿪ѡİѼùͦġ
û뵽㻹ȥѽ
˾͵ͷԼҲöġ
üȻ˵ҪΪһ˹ȥĴȫ㣬Ƕûʲôģ㼴ʹֹҲҪͶһɣ
˾ʹͷİ˽Ҫˣ
ʹ˲ͬ⣬ǱϾڽߣֹ͵͵ȥ
裬ֹҲûãֲʮһֱŽ˵ˣȻܣǲܰ
ֲһֱǣ͵͵棬ļأ˾һڣҲԿһ˾гֱǷֲˡ
ȫû˼˾͵⣬ֱӾͿ˵˾ͻ죬˾Ȼȱȴûκΰ취˭֮ǰŮһѣ˵һŮڼҳϣûк˽һ
ûн̤ҲûŰɣҲʲôٵ飬ܸ˵鰡˵ˣˣ
迴һŵĽһҵ˾ͣԥŲ˾ͣһֱһٲǣ
ǼܲסɵԸѽ㻹ڼﲻɣɲ뷸ԼӵļͥĴ
ҪҵɵСķͿ˼ˣѧ缸겻Ҳûطȥ
ֻǣ˵ʲôڣҪǸķŽȥ֮֮ģŽȥĸҲջ˺Ȼǽ 
ۿ찮ɶļ˾͸Ͻ֤Ͳַˣ찢̣ģİģҾԲģ֤飬һӵġ
ܿϧı֤κã찮ɲεĿ
ʱˣ裬һΣİңһҶˣҲڣԺһ˵ҰһȻֿܲ⡣
찮ûҪպֻʣίͺˣһƨ˶ģǲа飬Ǿʹ
һû䣬ڲɺԼҸһϬˡ
ЦãʵҲ֪ҪôȰӦ¡
Ȼֱϱһˮˮָ޳ÿȴ˳ָϿճ˹Ŀ
۾ɾ֣ڽԱɨһֳŵա
裬Ҳ̫ģǻ;ˣҪǸĻҾս첻ȥ˾ռҲƲΣûôΪԼҵڲˣ˵԰ɣ˾ͣ
˾ͿЦûôҲ뱻մܲøϾɱĶû֮ء
пճ˭ǣ˭ǶȵԼ
˾ȻȲΪճ޴вųʵϣ治ΣȻҲ϶˽ʵ
˾Ϳͷ
ճЦ˾ռҼٽ޹ȥԿ࣬˵ˣҪ޹ȥҾ͸ϼŰٷ֮ĹɷΪױ
⻰һ˶ˣǱ磬˵ռҵҵôˡ
ճķʣ𣿡
ʹǺϷǽҵİӣȷ˵ġǣ鲻ôġ
ճ֣һǰչʾһǿܲõİݷ:ʵǱҵʵϰһʱ䣬Ȼһ˸һҷֹ˾أǸʱٸǹɷݡ
ⲻǷ˾͵ҾǰǹɷˣԼʲ˵еٷ֮Ĺɷ㹻˾ͼҵʲˣ۸㣬Ҳõ
ճѾΪǵһҪ˵ʲôѾʲô˵ˣֻܸжĿճ
ճתͷ찮裬ҾͲɷˣҪҲûãҸǮ;ܻʡûڸҪ׬Ǯ˻Ҫ˭𣿡


105 ޿ħ
ξҲĸмȴ֪ôˣֻ૵:硭
ճֱӰľܾǵѣȻ磬Ǹİˣѵǽ𣿡
ֱĽ˻ҪǺãܲ㽭˰ǸϽͷǣˡ
ճҪҲǵĻرֻǵϿɰˡ
ǶǽˣҲԼ˺ãҪ˭ã˵ˣǮģ˲Ÿ
찮Цһ仨ƵãȥҽϻȥֻҪҸˣҲҪɶˡ
ճЦԼģЩǸǵġ
һֱڳæĽ϶һͳˣЦ:ǾŰɣǴ⡣
ճֱһѽӹϣôҽȥãһô죿
ðɣոջ©մܲһԼұһӾͻ޿ħˡ
þͲ𣿡ϱԼ£
̵ҲҪ̵һۡճϸԼұָûﱻ̺ˡ
ԼָЦõĵ:˵ĺҾͲһ
ǲһ㲻ۡճϸа׵ָ⣬ӡһǣŽգգ۾
ϻüߣԱߵ˾͸ˣҲǣӴīī
һʱһȺֳһţ˽ϵĲ
ճ̽󷽷ϿһڣϵĴȻһͷﲻˡ
˵һЦ
һᣬŽѾˣŰԼڳ۾
Ȼۼ˵ﶼˣҲݰɣ
ͷһױ
ճ֪ˣֻ֮һˡ
գգ۾ǿɰ̲סģ̽ͷǳĽëһ£ϹҸһֹ˾㲻ҪԼϰ£ô棬Σ
˺ͽһѾʯˣģҪ찡
˵ճΪҪˣз绪ֹ˾עûãҲ㲻ܲҪϹҵʽܣұ֤͹˾ܳġ
ǼеӣϺȻЦˣ͸˸ǣҲںûбˡ
ͷͷ۵㣬ⱲǺεºܲôһԼˣⱲӣʹôˣҲֵˡ
ֻ⻰Բ˵ڵģҪȻϹ
۾۾֣صĵͷԴõɵϣԼϹԴǲøɵˡ
ճɿұɵ˵ĺܶԣԼϹԴãҪɶ
˾͵鱻ճôһͣϡͿľͶûгϵҲûзϣĬ˸һᣬԺ᲻˵ģһһĶԽ͵ʱ֤ˡ
һ˺ͺĳһԲ
ճԼҰ˶˲˶˷СһȻ˯û𴲳Է
Ҳûɶ һɾһ졣
һᣬճźȻû˵ء
裬һױǻнĿշ䣬Ѿװ޺ˣͲҾˣȥס£ҲСܺǶ۾ۣʱ뱣ķ԰ɶģչˣȥС
찮ͽһۣȻͦĶģճ˵ĳϿңȥҲҪȥӵģ룬ǻǾܾˡ
ǾͲȥˣϰˣѷֲֿϰߣ˵ȥŶѾҪҸ涼ûأºã˵԰ɣͷӣ
ͷȥˣ˭һ壬İ
ϼˣǣ衭
ѵ뾡Тģƫֲȥ
찮ˣû˵ȥˣСˣ绰ǣðɳǣǾȥסˣ෽㡣
ϸһ룬ƺҲҪסȥҲȷ㷽㣬Ͼ˺֮仹дģĦ
סȻžǹ԰ãҲȷûѣڻᣬչԼ֮ҪĻ˵ɡ
ܵҲܾȥסпͷǸ˼ˡ
ﶼйȨԷֺÿøǧҲǮһˣȴҲڱ׷ء
ǾͲñˣԢУҼҿ̫󣬲ǣˡ
˵һỰСһˣȥ˵㷹ˣ֮Сһһᣬ˯ˡ
﷿仹ֻ࣬ǱͽһŴģǶԼѣеŲˡ
룬˾͹ϵĿȥùݣոձ˳ϣǱܵӰɡ


106 
Ѵøͷɣȥ鷿˯˴һϣôһ²С
ϺճС˯һŴ˫˴Сһ˯м䣬˲ֽһ̯С첲Сȫ˵ĶƤϣ˯ĺģ
ճ첲˵ͷΪСһм䵲·û취ѽϵ屧СһһۣϵЦ
мһСһ࿴ŶԷϵ۵͵Цů⣬ճ̲סԴ󷢣Ҫм仹иͰڻˡ
ڲѹСһ£ճĶͷӡһǣҵı
ϹڶͷӡһǣϹЦ۾𽥳
ճһᣬ۵ģҪһһֱ۾ɬˣŲı۾˯ȥˡ
ܰڵվͿƼˣǴڣסһ𣬶ǸɲһˣһŰ
ֻпĽһڵ˴ϷȥϹ
Ȼ΢š塱һ˶Իץһ˾ͣҲˣЦĺȥˡ
ڶһѾͣС࣬Ҷ̲ˣͱ˵͡
һϴϴڼ찮˿ڣý绰˾͹͡
һӾʹһֵĳ緹
Ǹճ緹͸ţһԶݣ˸Ӵŵ֣ռСˣ˵
Ŷһ찮ɫͲÿˣҲǣ˼Ѿˣֲܲд
ѾͽһˣѧһûѧоѧˣϷҵ
üΣ˵ǸǣйϵŪùһ¼֡
찮ʱʮЬװ˺ȥŤˡ
ĿǸƢģƤЦⲻЦĵҼǴӾһʮߵС͸ԼһϷһǧ飬ûԴҲûģĸֹȥ
ǸԲţ϶찮ƭҹĵġ
󱻽ӲȥˣΪϴεͲˣֻ֪ˣ
ǸűϣҧӦˡ򻹴򲻵ã˵ֵ
û뵽ĵϢȻˣƤġ
Ͽɫã˼䣬찮һ£ǼƷĶа
˻ûǰͿʼ¿ˣֱӶŽϽУֶӰ˰㻹ϡѽ겻һΣһô̡
⻰˵զôӦأ
ƤЦⲻЦ˼죬ȴڷ²ۡ˭ֶӣܱϹʹϵ𣿡
ʶˣ֪ôݣ˾ϴգйġ
̫Ŵſ˵ɫԼӾϴգǶһͷë촽ϹĻͲǺöһӵļơ
ߵǰǲмת˸ȦճŽϵϣ軹ڸϵǮĹء
һƣͿˣ˼Ҷ˵һ˽ˣԭİû뵽ôϲƨɰͬйĵġ
⻰ֱӵڳˣڳԣɶͬСɣ
һ⻰ˣʵҲ˵˵ô˸Ź
ǸϽһӣЦͻС˵ĻģǱϰ
һ˫ֱأСҼǵһɣѾжʶ˰ɣʲô˵ʲô˵Լ֪
ҪҲģǷ㣡
˵껰ȫվֻǽϺͷɱ༸˻󣬱ʾҪǶ֡
һҪ⣬Ͻȣֲļƣ˵ƨôˣܸһ𣿡
۰˵꣬Ͳҽֱˤ˳ȥ
ճջ˵֣һߴ绰Զӳ˹һ°ɣиˣҾ˵ǸӣǸӷǰƲϣƲиʮģǲа
绰ճŰûĻëŵһԣ˳ְѱźӵĽãҶöҼұ˵һػĸУô˵ǲ֪ôдɣ
ëָͷָ֪ԲļľǶģ˵ҲŲҪһͬүҰŹ㼸ĹҲ˶ġ
ճҪըëĽˣյļԭصˡ
СʱһӱֱѺˣɶûʡ


107 
˹ĴɵˣǴ˹ҹģΪɶĶӽȥأ
ˣϾͿʼްʲôʲôϣǽһ
ճɫڵĺѿֻٻеܲõļƣٲȥһøƽϣֻǶȣ죬Ҫ֣͵Ÿʬɣ
ŮȻǸ壬ǿճ˵˰˵ץ˾ץˣҲǸ˵ĴǸûɶʶģһզסˣˡ
ӣ˵ɲģǷ̣ͱˣ˺úý̸꣬͸ͻˡ
˼ԣɡ
ŮɵˣһҪճͷĴˣ죬һ˽ȥһһȥѡĸ
Ůֲɵ΢һĥˣһˣôһӣﻹһӣôһѧģȥ˾ͽȥ˰ɣ˵֮͸ĺˡ
˵˵ȣҲ֪ǲټޣճһͷҲŪȥ鲻Ըһͷˡ
֮ڳ˲˿ⶼʲô˰Ц
ǸȥˣǾͲǵˣôǷȥ˽̽ҲãҪȻһ챻˴ˣǸ⡣
ǣĲԺ󣬼˿ؼˡ
֮ǰճϣҪ£ֱӴ绰ǸСåõģʱ
ֻֽЦҲǳʶҴӾһʲôˣ
һ˵ȥͶȥ˶ճֱСһҪ˵ؼͼ꣬ġ
ھ͸ÿ˰ٷ֮Ĺɷݣһֹ˾
ˣȥˣ˵Сũʶ˵ɣڻûعأ
˷ֱϳ𽭼Ҹĸ̻ȥԼ
·ϣճһ߿һ߸м𣿡
̧ͷûС
ǾȥҸܼҵĳҲǰ취˼ǣ⳵ģⵢˡ
ǣǰ¾˵զأˣ
СЦǰңԶˣھԼǰԸô˵أţ滹ǡ
ˣ˵壬ܰԴܲ˵ˡ
͵סĵط˾Ѿ˻ˡ
֮ճڳϣȨʦһ׼õġ
û˵һˡ
ϵĽϻͷһεվԭأɿŵŶЦԼҲ̲סЦ
̫ˡЦ
´ί㡣ճӺӾ￴һ۽ϣҲЦˡ
ԼҶϹ˵ģҪֹ˾
ѽѾˣͲҵˡճжһģΪԼұǸǡ
Ϲ˹죬˽Щ飬ȻȦǶֹ˾Ҳ治˽⡣
㽻ңҸûѽſڳϣЦеĲ⡣
ճÿջһıӣû˾ûˣ˵ҼұзִĲ𣿡
ʵֻǹ˾ڽ£רҵʿٰһУԼҲ̫˽ֹ˾ôӪ
𡣡Ȼֵ:ˣϹ԰ѷҲһתһԼѾˣһѣ
Ѳ𣿶һǽİˣԼûڣҲΥԼġ
һСǣΥԼж٣
ҵҸ˵ܰתͲˣԴ֮ģ˾ȻŬȡԺչʲôҪԼ
ϾȦûҲûС͸ûݼһֻ֮ˡ
ʲôʱȦݼ˵£ֻһͿԳģ
ðɣⴿС͸Ϲ̾ѡ
ɢԺ߰˼ϹǸʲôֹ˾ʲôʱҵ
ճʧЦ㵱ǴƵ갡ôȲ
Ͽɰľ죬ҲһȦޣĶз˿ӭĳ档
ãϹ֤һǣ񫣬𣿡ճһ£ͱѼ졣
ã˵ŶȫôģԴõɵϡ
õĻԼϹԴԼĶõİã󲻵Ķơ
Ҫ˵û֮ģӦÿԼŬȥ᲻
˵ŬֻڻһǸʱ򣬻ƻ˶ˡ
ûһۻĺˮȦͷأȦǱ򣬵𣿲ðɣ


108 
Ӧұ飬ճ컹˵˾棬֪ͨװˡ
ոմԭ˾ͷһԼĽϣЦõĶֻٶҲ̫˰ɣôҲ㷴Ӧʱ䰡
ͷɺԭ˾Լڣԭ˾ֻ΢һ£˼£Ҳǿʮߵģжҵֵ
ǹ˾ǩһߵŮԱںأ˭йȥʮߵġ
ϸճ˾ſڣһͣſڣȶʮͳſڡ
ЦеĶԽϵ:ܲѾڹ˾ſڵˣϽϳɡ
һЦŷһ˳ӣȻȥμӼʣǹ˾Ԥˣȥһ¹ڻǿԵġ
ϣϻճԸһǳɫϵװճ紩ȥ׺һԣװ
ͬĿʽͻƣҲһϵеģֻǽϵǳˡ
һֱ˹˾ǰѾ·߶µˮйͨλմܲóֹ˾ҪˣЩǾżȵè䣬ӵ
Ϊǿҵܣϵʯ壬˧˵ר飬ԴӷųԼѾϢ֮󣬾ûһ
һ͵ôԸýĲɷãý壬ܱܿͱܿײ¶棬ʵڶ㲻Ż˵䡣
ǸˣǱտڲᣬصʵʵֻÿδһöŰֵĽָϹý˵ĹۣЦһҸġ
ϣýƣò˵ӹǶǸصʵʵİ˵Ȥ
˾ǰ߶ļͣǵǸֳµһſʵʵû취ͣ
Էһתֱڹ˾ϼŴ¥ֱͣܲרóλˣд¥ھӣ³߹ȥͺá
ȥԤľƵ꣬飬ûҲȥ˵˭֪˭ǲȥˡ
Ϻôиܲð˵ͷǹ˾ܲãȥ˳ԼȥǾǲȶˣǹԹԵĴŰɡ
ֱߵԱ֮ͨ󣬸ճ˸绰ճһѾָλãҲѾˣֱӳһһ֡
ϴһֻ߽ͬͬԽֽһ˼Բ
ֳĽָһ˲䣬ȻƾͿʼͣˡ
ȻʮߣЩߵĳǹڣһҲģžͷ¶һְҵЦݡ
ʣܣλǡ
ճѽϵڴһǣ󷽷ĻӦҵİˣϣͬʱҲ绪ֹ˾Ķ³ǩԼˡ
塪
ֳը˹ˣһѼߣҺʲôС
ʣǺϷʲôʱ֤Ϊʲôһֱûж𣿡
ԼĻ£ΪʲôҪĵǣԼıԼͺãҸҪǿ
ճֱ˼ңʵļۣܣȷģ
ܲãλֻǸʮ߲СԱҲûʲôҲʣʣôһģ𣿡
⻰һڣȫһ£ڼˢˢתͷȥʵŮԱ
£ʳֻר̹µġ
£⣬󲿷ѾźõģмӲһЩʶȤļߣҲЩ©֮㣬ġ
Ů˻ôʣԣģ⣬ýϳ󣬲Ǽʣö÷ˡ
ճµɫͱˣİõģݲñ˵һػҪҰΪǵԸҪͷ¶档
ϣҰڼֻȸ裬֣ǮȻÿ쵽ҸһЦ;Ҳֵˡ
ҪȻ׬ôǮұĻԼҲҪ˸Ҳ߲
ϧұ̫£ǮҲпû١
ڲǿʱճһѽӹ˵ĻͲûʵļ˭ŽģԼ˴ͰѱҲôڱϣҲ뷨ҵİˡ
ճǿƻޣһ߻Ͳϵıǣű԰ɣҼסˣӴԺϼԼ绪ֹ˾ȫӭɷá
Ҳ˸Ҷȥ
Ů߾ôɵıŸ첲˳ȥֱڵϣǱʵĽճҸҳҸ㣬ˣҪڱֽϺ㣬ǸӰˣһԹУҸ㡭
ҪֱӱŵıˣӰʦһ鶪ˣˤϡá


109 
ôһµЩǳʵˣ˭ûµҪһСʧǷַӵ¡
˵ˣΪ˼ңҲ̫ˡ
ûճҰǸά氮ûˡ
װԽ䣬ճ§סϵ֣ͲʾȨˡ
ҾΪøңͰ˸ˣһ壬ţӽ쿪ʼճžԲˣǼұôĲɷûˣй׳ˡ
ôһ־磬ļߵǹǲˣǺץģǲٷˣһҲȥأ
ʣܣֹ˾׼İҼǵȦˣ
ȻԼİҲҪ˭׬ǮΪ˸ѽȻ̨ڣΪʲôã
˵⻰λ˵Դе𣿡
ճ޵ĿһۣļסˣûҲ磬ʧҵɣ
ǽϣĶճһЦŵЦݣӦλʵĺãҲ⣿
߲ŲЩԵ·̹̹Ľ˻⣬ʡ
ǺϷ֤˼ǵ֣ҰˣľҵģҰ˵ԴԼĶд𣿡

Ҳͷһα˶µϻˡ
˼ҺϷһģ˼ԼϹԴʲôҲľǼʰˡ
ճԵĿŰͼ߻ԼҰˣ̲ס§һڣԣ˵ĺܶԣϹԴãҵľģҪ˭ϹǮǸ㻨ģǼʣǡ
⻰˵ģֱӰǸ߶ˣ˳ǡ
ڳļ߱һ칷Ҷʮķɶõ⵽ǸǰᱻҲͲûȤ֮ǰѾõˡ
߰һеûģûƫԤЩ⡣
ֻǣƽȥЩֽͷӦûȫճͽϷθߵĻɣЩеûģȻҲҪԵֲⳡ
֮ۿʱԽԽҲˣճֹסǵʣʾԼˡ
ʱ˾Ͳ٣һ͹ЦǸûɣ
ֳһƬȻ˾ͣӰ۰еĲճǽϣʲô˼˼ǣǽϰġ
ԭ𣿹ֲãǰЩʱ䣬˾ͻעʮС͸ء
һЦ֪ܲΪ˽£ҲΪơ
ȦҪľǻ⣬ֻҪЩȥݼһ֮йӲĺ̨벻춼ѡ
ӭһΪ㲻أ绰أ
⻰һֳһƬȻϵô𣿾Ȼб˴˵˽˵绰ȥǶɶ
˳䣬ϣٱϵɶ˷˵ˣ˾͹λȻճĵͷǴк
ճҲ˸ͷͿʼˡ
ȥǲô߻ڰ˼Ѿʣճʽ
ӽ쿪ʼǷ绪ֹ˾ʽˣ
µ˲òһ˵ҲմܲӰ
֮һ֮ճҪŲطˣǰƵ۲ȥ
ǹ˾ڲԼˣɢ
ǼǲɷõԼҪģ׷ɢˡ
Ƶһ綩õģȥʱ򣬽ѾˣֽҲˣǴ£ȻҪҲһһˡ
ƵۼĶҵʿʲôݰ簡ֽƬ˰֮ģǸճӲģôһոտҵûõֹ˾Щҵ綼յĴŲء
ճ˾һһңŽϻ죬ֻǽϾƾҺȾƣ˺ȾƵʱճż˾Ҳһ¡
ճΪԼҰЩɶǰ¶ǻȥˡ
ϿһһĺȣþƵˮȣֱǲҪθˡ
ֻǰմþƣһƾȫ㣬ҽԺ
ôҪȾƣϼ۾ˣۿҪȥһƣҲ˵Ļ᲻ˣһסˣﶼˮ
ϹˣнһˣҲҪˣҰֵַģˣۡ
⻰˵öǸžƱƵŮԱһΣҲеΧ˲˼ˡ
ƺеˣô˼ңȻ˼Ұ˶ۿˡ
ƵҲЪ˼ԹԵ³Բȥˡ
ˮճθյĻֵۣˡ


110 
ȦģĸǻῴɫģʱҲ˭ˣ˼ΪԼҰ˲ŻŵκǺȾơ
ҪȻõǨ˭ֻϸŰͽķݣǽˡ
ֻŴѹһСԱеԣȴĿɽ˰
ڣǶüþգһȥʶ˵ȥˡ
ϲճȥһ˾Ҳ˹ӣü㲻ҪôƴģЩˣֻҪǮ㹻ͿԶ㳶ЦΪ˽ҲҪôƴʱֻҪͶʾͺá
ճڰ֣ʾҪ˵ˡ
ϰ˷ãԼȥ˹ԱҪˮθҩճȳȥȻԶӡ
θȾƣԶĻܡ
ճææµµֻ˵չԼˣϯȥ룬һڶûԹͳס֣£Ե㶫
ǽϸûԣճһֱüܲӣⵣȥˣǸ 
ʹˣҲġ
ճ״ȻºǸжȴҲϯֱֻο
ò׳ŵϯڼûôʶȤˡ
ôճһκôƣϯ󣬽ֱ˿ȥҽԺ
ڣûʲô£ҽֻЩҩע壬ٺȾơ
һ·ϣ϶ڳĬֻճֲɿ
ҪԾƾһƾմãͲֻճȾˡ
Ӧ꣬Ⱦ⣬ҪһҲô࣬˵׻Ϊ
ճһѾˣܲ˽Լ˵뷨һ֪ɶ
һ죬ıӣǲں˼롣ƶƺ׼Ϲ롣
ҡҡͷûС
ճε̾Ϣһܲ˽ѽϾҵİ
Ҳ֪һ˵׻Ⱥˣһ㲻ʶȤҪҵƣǹþˡ
ճʧЦ֣ǣЩ벻ԱʰˣЩݣʲôĹֲɵ
Ҫ֪ճͶߣǮ϶Ҳ󷽣൱ڵ˲񣬳һЩ۵ϴ֮⣬˭ȥ
Ϻ޺޵ҧҵţҳΪ֮ȦӰˣҿ˭Ҹʹӣ˵ҲΪǸС͸ʹܣӰ̫СˣǲΪҺ۸
˾һ󱳾ǿʶȦ̫࣬ǣһȫճǮƵˣ˭ҪҲõ
˵ǮȨЩҵޓҲȥκȦ̲ˮֹ˾˲Żϵġ
ҪȻǹ̳ϵ鶼æ˭Ǹȥܰ˸ӴŵȦ
ԣҪѹֹ˾Լ飬ճһ磬ҪȻ˻ǿֵĶࡣ
ճЦİԴ˳һڣãҾ͵ȱȦ򣬸Ϲ
ǸԼ𣿲һģһ
ǣϳɹıˡ
һ￪С¥£ճ̧ͷխ¥ȻǻмҲճˣҪȥļҾ֮Ķˡ
һװ޺ˣҲˣճרʿȥеļȩûг꣬١
ⲻò鹦װ޶õĲϣǻģûƭˡ
ѾסˣǾͰȥסˣҪȻˣװˣÿ
Ķǲöֻǳ·ƷС
ϴӳһ˼ͷס¥Ҳ֪ʲô
߹ȥޱȻסĸ첲Ϲʲôأô񣿡
ճȻûлͷȴץָһ£ҲޱȻ룬ǲҪѰճˣ
ѣϲŻȻǸʱıƺѾסˡ
ãɡжɣ֮󲻴ԥġ
᲻ˣҪȥҾߡճ˹̵ͦС
ͷĸʹ㻵ۣͲܵѾһôˣ
ճѵÿôɰһ棬ԭɶĶҪˣúúãҼұ˵ԣԲϹۣԭϹ
һ죬ãԭˡ
˵Լ̲סЦ¥ߣոյԼûĺӣҪϹŵģö
ճں汻ţĶ䣬֪ˡ
ͦԼұԼϺ٣źԼұ̫ˣɰϹ


111 
صʱ򣬳׶԰С֮ܲ⣬һӶˣڿ۵Сۡ
ͲӱһȺ߳ĴһԵӵ
ֺͽɳռһߣӣһһԵķֿţԡ
˻ؼ֮Щ˲ŴӾֹ״̬ع飬׷׿ˡ
˾ҪվֹˣЩ߸վռط
˾ͿЦõȥȷռطһﳬһװ˵ģֱƶ̨
һ棬˷ɺͽԼ˶
Ϻճ£ճĿ˾ͣһΪͶѾȥأ
϶°ɣ
˾͵ҲûֱԲ䣬ʵͶʵġ
ճˮĶһ٣Ͷʣ
ԣһǵݣֻԣһ籾֮ǰһֱûĹĩģǾ籾
˾˵ֱӰѾ籾ݸ˽ϣճ籾ûҲûɶá
ΪɻĽӹ籾ֻܺǵһѣֻдԼ弯ݡ
ȻûɶϾԱھ籾ⶫǿĳûġ
籾ǡ˫ϾȻѸ̧ͷ˾ͣһֱֵ𣿶һǵӾ磿
˾ͷѣ԰еͷˣ־ܾˣһжϹٸ
ӫĻcpۻⲻɣҾ籾ãݼҲ˵ʵв㣬Щöˡ
ϳ˼˾ͼٽ籾ãǽЩĵ磬ӱûԹֻҪݼȥճûǮ㳴㲻ܴ󱬣Ҳ϶һ⡣
˿ʲôǻûлۣǵըӼҲὥȴȥ
ϹôһƣٺҺӫĻcpٰ㳴ȥ㻹ûлȡ
˾Ѿȷеİ׼ռҵճǵˣϲǣ޿ħճԼҰ˵Ҫ󣬲ûܾҲһֱûҪˡ
ԣҪճͶʣһҪµľǽϣֻҪϿ˾籾ͷճ;Բܾ
ʮģȻûЩıȨ֮ĶǶµ趨Ҳô򵥡
ľɥʬеĩ໥֣һʼĵ໹͸ԵնѧǵʩԮ֡
ڼŸС£?ϣһƬλһʼһˣֵһ·ǲϣĹһ㲻ʱ̡
˵ʵû͵ƬӣټһδҲͻƣͿܲܽˡ
ֻҪϵͷжȻҲǴʽ顣
һ⣬һ߷籾ŷ֣粻ǵҲܿݼģжġ
һʼĵ֪һʱ浥ڿԳľϣֻ˶һ飬ԸǰͦҲȷܿݼ
ĵ״ʮӣֻǣҪԼϹ˼ϾǺͱcpһֱݵż
ٳƷ˵˾͵ݼĺãҲλøӰӵˡ
ץסᡣ
Ϸ¾籾Ŀճ˾ҲǣƵĿ
ճ˾ͶѾҰˣҪԼ
ҪǮôʣϾ֪Ӧˣ㿪ĵ
Ҫ̫࣬ΪԱ϶ǲʮߣԼұΪ˰ѣҪҲۣһ򣬴ͷʡµĻǮȫͶ֮ģعǧ򵽰ǧҡ
ճüɱۣȷˣΪȥͷԱƬ꣬ҪȻ˾͵ۣùǧ
ڽϣƬ͸ˣҲǱƬȥģǱž籾ͳĻȥˡ
˰죬ճεĵͷͨ飬ڸûǮ͵ǮԼұˡ
һȺʮԱݶݣӱ˾ӰۼˣԼұݼҲܴɶģû
ҲҪƣһҪǮȻиֳɵĻᣬһ¡
ϿԼϹӦˣĵһԾ𣬱صһڣĵллϹ
ոջһƣ㿪ĵմܲãԼұһǾ͸忪ˣЦеİץ׼촽ݺݵȥ
ֱĿҪŻ۵ķԼﴭ


112 
ճұĵӣҲƽһЩ˾ֲͣˡ
۾һָ֣صĵҪݿԣҪҲû취˵ʲôԱϷһЩ֫ӴˡһлҪ˵
ڿĵĸϽյǰ˵ɶ
ճ̲סʵ˾һۣȻ˱Լ
ҪԼ¡ճ岻Ըľָͷ
ϲĿôԼ¡
ճȫ˵۹£˿Эĵ§һ£һɶҾͲƽˡһӵ
һҪܣʹ§Ҳ̫ʱ䣬Ҳ̫ࡣ
ڶԽǣλĻû⡣
׼дϷ
òˣ˾ͻ˭Щ
ĻǶԽ˵ģﻰĴ⣬˿εġ
˵꣬ԴĻԱʾ
ϿЦõԴ֡
ճ꣬Ҳû֣𲻴Ӧ𲻴ӦӦҾͲҪȥˡ
ЦĹĵĸԼȫںˣСƢ;úÿɰ̲סܹȥͷԼĿ%飬ݺݵһڣЦϹʵ̫ɰˡ
ճ
ϿһЦı飬ԼҲЦʵ벻һмӵԼϹҲôһ档
ЦˣϹһĹĵģŽ͵Ϲǲ˵ԼҲעģ˵㰡֧֣˵ҲԵܾһЩҲݵˡǰų̂ûܾˡ
ǸʱԼҲзִ磬ѻʿԾһЩϷݸݣǸʱһ͸
˭ȥһʮ߶㲻ϵ˵ĸϷȻĻŮ˭ںϲ˭ȻҲûЩϷ֮ġ
ճ̫ⷽ飬ֻȥѯⷽרң˾͡
˾;ַģ˵ģҲõģҲнϷʹϷģҪڵ̨ģ˵ģ͹󡣡
ճɿߣǾͺá
˾ûķۣһѰѽģҶҽȫûȤҪΪҼҽ񡣡
˵꣬ͼ˻ɵҪǾַõĻ;ַˣûãֻжʱ֤ˡ
ǰ治ںԴ׷󽭶ʼԼҲͿʼעˡ
ϷɶԱܲ˵ģܾܾôأҲð죬м͸ϱĤͺˡ
ˣʵ˴˵촽ûΪ͸ģϸԾͺһġ
Ҳһֱ취ɣϾеĲģʹҲǿӲ˼㲻
˾͵ĿĴﵽˣˣ˳һж̶һº󿪻֮󣬾Ž뿪ˣɲﰭˡ
ΪͬǷ绪ֹ˾ǩԼˣҲͬõһСǣϾǮˣҪһԵýⰡ
ǣ˾ͺͽ뿪ˣֻʣ½ֽ衣
ֱʱճĸǰˣԼˣСƢ
ԼϰˣҲûɶ˼һʱˣڳ
ʶ֮ճһƬ߾޲õеԼȥ
ͷβһֱЦеĿǻҲԣҲ˵ʱճһ˵ӣ̲סЦ
ˣɶԼϱǺ˾ӦӲ
˵ˣע⵽Լ˵ʲô˵ĻЦˣˣóͻȥɣҲûطסǻǻȥ
ճűŤˣվ裬ȱߣ磬Ҵȥţ˼ҾߣܿǾͿ԰ȥˣطˣҲеطסˡ
ڿھϣŪˣ
ŪˣͲҾߺͰˡҾɶģҽͺãСҲŵܰޱȣ
֮¶ϣʵҲֻԼұǶ۾۾ˣϾѾûˡ
Ҳ֪ԼϹ˼мĿһۣõճһ
æźǱߵĽЦˣЦˣ̲סԽְַۣƺԹҲճһ
ְͷˮȫûǵԼŴˣ
ŬһȦûаǣһô˵
豻ɵĽְˣһŤͷˡ


113 
֮ȥװ޺õıȷǻܺãΪĿǰûסԵʣӿյġ
ֻΪǱԵʣ㣬ÿĴɨͺܻʱ䣬˵ǰԺĻ԰֮ġ
ճǲֱӸ˵ͱķʹ԰԰ȻѾշˣĻ񣬼רֻҪԼϲͺá
ڷ𣿻ͳʦҪȻճԻġ
ұֻҪ续ˡ
û¾飬ʾѾˣҪī֮⣬ȫˡ
ڵ¼Լͷ¥ȥǵķˡ
ȻԼͷӲǿľͷϹԼҵĺò
Ƿ޶˵ķܴ󣬴ԼҲиʮƽףס´ˣ棬ռǵطȻ
˵ˣֲﳣסֻżסһ£˺ͬסָܻìܣΪ˲ñ˴񣬻ǲҪסһĺá
֪еĵԴһʼûסҶӼһǮˣҲ£˼˳Т˳ǾţТ˳ҲǰգøԼҶӴ鷳
ճǸĵģӺãҲŶǺãˣҪʲôأ
Ϊ˶룬Ӧǰˣ˵гŶû棬˼
ڿյķתһȦͷȥˣǷѾȥĵطˣڹ滮ɶʡ
ֻ˼Ҿ֮˼ҼҾ߹˾ͻţһæڷźãܵʱôźãǻʦ
ʵװʱӦʦƵģװޣҾΰڷ滮á
ճΪ˺Լſĵģװ޵ʱ򣬾Ǽ򵥵ǽ棬ҾɶģźԼһȥ˵ʱָװ¡
;úԼҰһȥҾߣʲôҾߺаˣԭˡ
˿װЧͦ⣬ûɶ̫װκơ˶֮ͯǽֽһɶ߼Լ·ߣԴƵǽֽѡ
Ч⣬ͿȥҾˡ
ͻؼңԼֻȥϰˣ°֮һĿȥԷ극ĸ͵Ƶס£Թһ㶼
෴㣬ôһңޱ㡣
˶̰ˣ෴Ǻ֪㣬ǽҵܻܵ߸ĸǵǮˡ
ֻҪҼҽϺãûǮνһ㿴ǰʱҵ̬Ⱦˡ
ûǮӣսҪʡǮǡ
Ǯ֮ǴǮǻ£Ϊʲô£صѯʡ
ڼһֱԼҲܺãûǮҲûָҪ֪Ǯ֮ҲûʨӴ󿪿ڣΪȢǼҵ˾Ӧһ
ǲȻֻǲҪˡ
һ㣬˾ͱȺܶ˺ˡ
һˣǲ̰ͼʲôȴǺãȻŸָĶԭ򣬵ԭ򣬻ǽϵˡ
ݼڣİˣļҲΪֵá
ճЦȥһ˾ֱǸЦմܲá
ȥ˾ʱѾڵˣճ̻㱨ϰ壬ƷƵĵҲĺܺã֧ÿ궼ҸĹ棬ꡭ
궼ЩģƷڹⶼÿδԶĹһǡ
ΣȷϰǲҪԼֹ˾ģϾܲ÷Ҳڹ˾ϰӦѻɣ
ֻǣ뷨ϰˣûûʹ˹棬Ҳ֪˭ҲᱻԻǼһá
Ͼϰ壬ôǣȷϰô룬ֲܴϰֻˡ
Ȼϰ岻ԼŰ죬ǩֱɦɦͷһᴦ㻹ȥĹӰͺãѡҸǡ
û˵ʲôļ뿪ˣȻϰѾ˹ȥҲѾѡҪˡ
Ȼϰ˳Ų˭˼ϰأ˼Ȩһ򹤵ľͲȥˡ
ÿ⼸·ݣϼŵȷѾʼƷƵĹˣÿ궼һȦҲĦȭƵŻ˭أ
ϾһϻǮҲûǮȽҪǵķ˿򵥣ǵȻ´ǮͿĸˡ
ֻǣȥȴճԷųȥϢİδˣȦըˡ


114 
󣬷绪ֹ˾ҳҲ˽϶³ιǵ
˼ԼĹ˾Լİ˵ι޿ɺǣҲҪκ˽ȻϢͦģҲûˮ
ֻǣеźû취ϼŵĹˡ
ҲԼݹʱôһӣ漴뵽Ϲ˼ҲͲȥˡ
СһؼĿǰûйش΢һƬۺѯʡ
Ͼֹֻ˾ٷҳųȥϢԼûأ˿Ҳ֪١
Ϲ࣬ϾõĸȻձȲϴֻҪģճͻԡ
ϳⲻϾǣСһ˵Ģ֮ģţɶˡ
ֻţ⡣
գʵճԹһ٣ϹǺһӾƣθһ嵭θʳɡ
ϸĢ⣬죬Ȼˮտ񣬺Ǻǣһ򵥵ѡ
ζճСһﶼϲȾˡ
ȥһ۳һƬ΢һȺ˷׷ܵϼŵĹٲ³ԵռеߺɶϲģҲҵĵˡ
ۣǳ˵˼ɶ˹ȺԹȺɶ£ǻǮˣֲǣ̳޲ġ
˵ϼճģϹԼĹ棬զôأб£ҲҸϹ
Ĺĵİʹ裬һûС͸Ծ˭иϹԼȥĽʺȥɣ
Сһﱾ̽ͷСְڸͼʹˣģǣְͷȥˡ
ԹԵĻȥȥˣǲҪСְֱȽϺá
ճһѳԵʱͼұںһ˽ϾĹġ
ַĶ߹ȥסһ£ʧЦأĹĵģǵ𣿡
Ȼһ۾Ϳ˲˰ϵֻϼŹٲϷųϢһƬ
ǵصһƬ˵ɶС͸ûûԻ
ȵȵģȫ໰⡣
˭˶ῪİɣЩۣ
ճ΢΢۾Ⱥ˻޼ɵǹ˾ʲôʱֵõָֻˣܲöû˵ɶһȺûϹƱƣ̳޲ġ
ò˵뷨ͬ
˵ֳһڣתһ¼ŵ΢Ҳȥһ΢ţǰһֱûһȥǿ
Ҳתһ£ɶӦܶˣǻǶ£Ƕ𣿡
ЦҲͦǣʵ˵Ҳԣҵȷûɶû˿ĲҪ𣿡
ճץͷģ۾һһޱ
ϹҸҪǴûǣǵƷĺܺãԣϹҿǱϹţһ죬϶ǻ죬ԣҪ
ʧЦðɣ͵˵ģ˭黰˵ô͵ĺˡ
ճæ˷˲Сһȥϴ֣ͿԿʼԷˡ
ζСһûԣСˣһ롣
Ҳ˵ȥ˵ɶˣչСһȥˡ
Ҫô̫࣬СԶθ׳Ż
ƺǱ˵ˣ߰˵ӵʱСһ￪ʼֶۣŶüڽϵϣŽϸӡ
һ̲סЦһֻСԵ˾Ͳܲ˵Ӳԣκ˰ɣˡ
Ժ΢㻰ֲǲ㷹ԣô࣬㿴СǶ˰ɡ
ֲû÷ԣ˾ˣҪʹССǶװô෹ģ𣿡
СһüͰ͵ĵͷʾˡ
ϹһһָСԴˡ
СһﺬˮͰ͵ĵͷ
ϻѵѵ̲סε̾ӹճˮСθʳƬ
ԼһڣˮѾճϸĵķˣµģ¶ȸպá
ŲˣŰҩιȥι˼ˮ
ΪͳԳˣҲûȶ٣ʣµı˳ںȵˣݸճһձӡ
ˮ𣿡ճϰ֣СһƤ
Ҳ֪ҩЧǽ֮һᣬСһôڽϵǶ˯˹ȥ
üͷɿˣѾˡ
Ҳð亹ˣһᣬ˯İȣûбܵķӦкճԼСȥˡ


115 
Сһûɶ£һ;ĵ˺üΣ˯Ĳʵϣûɶ¡
ɿһҹķˡ
СһľˣȻҲ˵ԼСƨƨܽ˲
ڻƨɣճģôһ硣
ճȳ˲ԼӵģҲӳɾСƨɣʹϴɾ֡
Сһģûɶ£ǳԳ˶ѣѾȫûˡ
СƨɣģģԺܺãճ֪ԼҰΪɶϲСƨˣָкܺá
ȥ·ȻȥְְСְֽòãְȥϲĵ
СһԹԵĵͷܻȥԼ·Ȼϣ׼ϵһڣ۵סıӣСְ֣ˣ档
δЦʵˣճȥʱˡ
ʵûô˯һֱԼҶӣ˯Ĳ㰲ȣ˽ϣճһѣҲˡ
װ˯ǵСһ
СһһץֱӾ˼ҵСƨƨడģĲֺ
СһȥĶСְֵ֡
ֳһţֵЦĴƮɢæճ¶һ͵˼Цݡ
Ҫļң򵥶ܰ
˵С࣬Ѽһ򵥵Сˣһͼ򵥵緹ˡ
Ȼûɶ̫ĲɫɳԵĿģֻҪһ˾һǲǺʲôϵ
극Сһ͵׶԰ϾȫˣҲ׶԰ؼ֮⡣
ҲѧУԷ˯ʦţʵʡ˼ҳǲ鷳
ԤȥҾߣһ극ճͿȥ˽ҸĸֱӿȥļҾ߳ǡ
ǸսȥһۻԱӭȥǵ֮󣬴һЦȥרȥˡ
մܲҪҾߣõģȻǸܼǮߣõ֣մֲܲǮ
ճʾǮߵûɶҪʵãʣã˶λۻԱĽܣͦġ
Ҿܶ࣬ʲôľҾߣʵľҾߵ֮ģϲ֪ʲô
ҵǽֽԴ䵭ĵɫƣ䵭ķɡ
¥ݣʲôģʵѾŪã˵ӦװǰüҾߣⲻûȥѡ
ԣҪѵڶ龢
ճճ˵ǿģǽȻбĲ֣˵ʵ治ѡ񣬾͸ɴѯ˼ۻԱˡ
˵ʵҲ᲼ãѣϲļҾ߻ȥר˸þˣ˼ҹܣСԼ¡
רѡԼϲļҾߡ
ճиĸһһѡȷһס
¹ɳΣ輸϶һ׵ģŵĵɫǺͱܴ
ֻѡڻʱ˺ܴͻ
ʵѱһ߰ıڻǵҸء
ãǽϲҶٵɶҪ򸱸ĵͼʲôɺͼȥҪȻһɶͼ˵ʲôɣƵġ
ϵ¾ͷˣǣ裬һĲϲЩ̵ıڻʲô𣿡
̣ܺÿ𣿳ƺûб
Ԣ⼪飬һڼôˣ
裬Ҳɶӣôһ𣿡
ˣ͸ͼԢ⼪⣬զˣÿ
裬۽治ÿװ޵ôõıôһ˼һžͿô˼ɶӦ
һʹԼһ£ͿԼϹͶŸ첲һԿ֣תǹڡ
˵ѡĺÿ𣿡
˱ڿ֣ôҲû뵽յϣһۣڱ˴пΡ
ճգźĸﶼҵզ죿
˻ĳԼô˵ԣֲܲ˵ͷΪѡ
һֱĽ˿ȣճʾ⽻
ճɿϽѻȨóȥˡ
߹ȥԼŵ֣̫ţŲκϣ˼ϵļң˼Ҫôװ£ֲסǣô
ôһᣬ˼Ҽңȥסס죬Ųκɶ
ҶҪסһӵĵطȻҪԼ⣬ġ
ε̾ΪʧĿһƯıڻ˵⡣
ճˣ裬ҪȻɣڻǹҵǵķɣҲܿ
룬ƺϲĶӲ˼ҹڿͬˡ


116 
Ѿ˾ͺðˣճˬĸǮȻͲ˹ȥˡ
Ǹ˼Ҿߵ˳æѼҾ߸úá
Ҿ֮ڰϣ֮ͨ磬ͨˮճ˳æҳʦķ֮ġ
ΪԺ󷽱չǣһ¥˼䣬⻹ǺڣճȻʱ򣬸װ޶˵ġ
ȳΪӶ˷Ҳ´ࡣ
ҾɶĶѾŪˣճһ£¥ҾͱϺһѸ໨ܣ
ﻹľɶģһߡ
õĶúˡ
ȻסˣҲͲǸС¥ˣճճһ죬׼ͽϰҡ
ʵ]ʲôõģǰѳ·죬ԼĶ߰ˡ
Ķˣסˡ
ֲ࣬ðҾߣճ˾˼˾ȫȥˣûҡ
ԺҲͲᾭˣϾطխС
ϾĻ䣬ЩǺճһģûʹѹĻ䣬ϸ
һ۱СһճϿĸ첲ż⣬һڡ
ճȻôͻȻôԼͦ˵ġ
ѻСһϵ˵ߣճһָֻһʾҲһ¡
ʧЦż⣬ûϣСһѧְһˮ
ճգգ۾еȻӦСһСҲһڡ
ȻճСһ˳ϵðȫεİȫ
ڳ⣬ΪٿһطŽ˳ӻ˳ȥűСȥ
ǰרĿճ֧ͷһ˳˳Ŀĺܺÿ
ϸ˴ʶһֱûԼܣʹˣҲԼˣȸԼǸ
֪ģԼĿҪ޷ˡ
һʲô£Żôһﵱˡ
ǺˣŻôһˣһӾˣҲûźˡ
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ѵõģϿĲ˼˻ͷ￴ô棬ǷϹҳ˧𣿡
ʧЦĵĿ佱Ϲһֱ˧֪
ճֱ׵ĻֵĲ˼ˣˣ⵹һΣϿĺϡ档
ǣ̽ͷȥճе㾽ȣԹãҪˡ
֪˼ˣ̲ס˭һֱճء
õģ˧Ϲϻۡ
֪ճȻˣϹҵȷ˧˵Ҳû
Ϸۣոջ˼أֻһӦˣ˵ǺƤأأС
ֱӿȥ˱ĳ³ʱ򣬷Ѿ˵ˡ
ĳʦͱķһϵר˾
ΪԺϳз㣬ճĸר˾
;ˣǹ˾Ǳߵ飬ֲõ
Сܲûתѧ֮Ľ
гҲ㣬˿Сһȥѧˣ̫Сò׺ǰͬѧˣתѧҪºСϤԭĵط׶԰
ǣСһ³һǰߵıԺǵļˡ
ȷǱǰҪöˣûôЩ߰˺£ǳɶĲ㡣
ڣڲòЩ飬רŵչˣֻҪڼԾˡ
ճͣóסǣСһһߡ
ѾǰæˣǻʱѾæõĲˡ
ǴʱڿȲ˳ǣ˾ͺͷҲڣȻǻûʽǼ֤Ҳǽҵһˣոɶģǲµġ
ķ԰̺ͳʦ屾ӣסһ𣬴ʱһڳæء
ǰҲǴ£Ȼ˹һ˾һһٻⲻ˵ġ
СһһҲڣС۾һ˹ȥˣѡ
ЦǺǵһѽסСֶգҲأﲻˡ
֪ԺԼԺСһסˣµܣĵЦһ·
ѵסȻҪܸǰ׷ӣпռܰ
˰Ѹ䶼ιˣĶͯĳ⡣
ҲǣҲǼ䱻һСˣһŴΧĴ󴲣ǿСȥС
ͯʱһѵߣСһﻶһ˽ȥϳˡ


117 
Сһһȥˡ
ʣµڿ죬һˮ߳Աġ
үһûʲô£Ҳȥ庢ˣ˵ɶһȥӡ
ճһ۹˾飬ճ׼ǽҵͰǶȥֹ˾ȥ˼ͬ⣬һ㾭ҲûУȥҲѹ˾ûˡ
ճЦû˾ûˣٿһҾˣȥѧĻԶҲûо鲻𣿡
˳ǣ簡ܲô𣿷ֹ˾棬ǣʵϰ
ɻһģճ̲סǵļ򣬡İɣһȥεģҸ˴ǵġ
ȻʵͦĵģҲ÷ֹ˾ȥ档
ɿҴһ͸ǷŴе
ǶԼûɶģ㵽ľȥֹܷ˾ˡ
ȻǷֹ˾ʵҲ൱һ˾˴ѧһҵȥܹ˾
ǲûϵͳרѧϰҴ绹治ǰѷֹ˾浹ˡ
һ۹˾
һ۾飬һһ籾
˵ĽɫڶģúһȥԾҲ˸ʱȥĦɫ
ȥ˾ͺͽǼ£ɵĽɫҲǱȽҪһǣһѣϧΪһСˣˡ
һӣ˾ͺȻһȥĶױա
Ե˶Ѿ𣿡
ݾнɫѡ
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Ŷ֮ǰȻҲ飬ҪɫҲûĹױգǾ鷢ɫգҲûʲô£¸ˡ
ƷҲǣͽһʮ͸ҪǱ˽ִȣڵײ͸
ױս֮󣬾ѡϣһϵеĽ飬ʽȻܱ㡣
ƾûʱˡ
ȥ飬ճֲܺǰһȫ˹˾飬ڼչСһķֲģ϶ŰӵģܸҰѺӽķй
ѵҪĸƺǲȷѡ񣬵ƺڳֲܴ£Ҫ׶԰ء
ƺľᣬճֹۣͣһѰ˵ıǼ⣬Сһô죿
ϵͷʱ滳ɣճֱĻ׳棬ʱҪѻ˵ڣͶԼ˼
Сһƺˣǣѵߣճ̧ͷһЦĿĵˣСһｻ£ﱣķʦУǲҪԼչˣֻҪСһѧˡ
Ҫǣ軹סһӣǺ㿴Ƕӡ
˳ڽӵʲôأ
ճЦЦ˵СһｻչˣҪˣҹʱҲû˵Сһ˵Ҫչˡ
һˣЦбͱ£ɶϰ
ĸĵЦճֻεͷڨЦ
ûнأǾԼ˵ˡ
ϾüûˣѵȻˣûϾ˺뷨ͬסһĦ⡣
аǸչСһĵȥæǵĺˡϲ̵ıСܣݺݵһڣСһЦ
üͷȻͦĵӣ̲סۣҶˣôСǵģĽң֤İװֵġ
ʧЦ裬װ־ͲˣǼѾˣȥˡ
ССְЦһ̵ѵ֣嵽СְǰΪҪأܹȥ
ڽǰ˼£ĵҲûбأ
ϿһССһȦʶűӣ˵֣һȦɶ
СһֺСһȦ⣬˻ΣһȦӾȦ
ֿ̧˿Ǵ̶ִֶ̣żѵС֣׺ģǳ̶̵İܲƺ治ݵӡ
ǣСһ⣬ۡͿˣһ߿޻һ߶ţҲ֣Ҳ֣Сְֻ
׽ŪԼҶӵĽϿ޵ԼȴЦһûûΣҲȥ塣
ѸϽСֶձ˱ޣСְϹ˵ⲻ֣Ƿá
Ȼ佭ϣô˵Լӵ𣿡
̯֣⺢ûˡ
û죬û۸𣿡
ֻĵͷ棬˲棬Ҫɶ
ѿЦãֻЦһ䣬Ҳû󡣡
϶ͷ


118 
ЦһᣬСһòױѺסٿˣֻȻںͽ϶ƨɶſɳϲ
ϾͶһһָСƨɣһ£Сƨ
СܼԴɳִƨɶԼСְ֣˵Ͳ
һĶýϿһЦ̲סС֣㲻ңСְҪˡ
ͷɳСֶձʾͲ㣬ߡ
һЦ˴֣׼Сһȥ
Сһ⣬ȴֻ£ͱСְֻ۵Цˡ
ᶼЦ˳ɳϲͣĹȥŽϻĵָͷһ߻£ְ֡Сְ֡
Խô˵ԽŹ׷
Сһ￴㲻ȥֱӶ㵽ְ󣬴̽ͷ彭ϰģ˵СְأСְ֣󻵵
Ϲһ壬˹ȥץȴ˽ճ˸
ճһü۵ĵЦ컹ûڣôȲͶͱˡ
ϱ˸Ŵ
СһҴְסСְֵڼ䣬ѸٴӴְۼ⣬һת׷ȥһֱ׷棬ЦͣĴԺﴫƮҡ
ȻֹˣıͬСһһƨĽɳ۵Ĳˡ
ճϽ˵ˮ˳ǣȥСıǺˣûġ
ԼҴְѵˣûˮ࿴һۣȻһճͷֻ༷۾ְֵĻ
ճĿЦãûκΰ취˭Żô죿
ڳĸĽĿһڻ۵׵Ľβס
ܿϧϲĶˣɺͽֲʣҪһӣһӶԼĺˡ
Ȼ˵ûԼĺӺźѾҪߵ˹ȥûеģҲû취
һֱעСһ˾ͰַףȻҪҪǾȥһˣϲкŮ
Ҹĸɶģһ벻ԼĻ߶ԷĻôϲҪ߸ɴһҲȥҵġ
˵ĶģȻʼĿҲǲУһСģǲסԼĸĸ˭ֻѹ۰˵Լˡ
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˾Ϳ˼ȴ˿ϾЩ˻Ǻϲӵģ⻰Ҳ̽˼
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ڣȻûӦӦһͷˡ
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һתʱ˵ɣҾ֮ĻҪҪʵνҪϲĻǾȥһΪأ
ѵǱߴ˵Ц⣬⻰˵ͦģһ˵㡣
ʵ̫ϲӣνҪͷһ֮Ѿ׼ⱲӲкˡ
ͶûʣҼʹУҲҲѹס
ңͷ֮ҲҪνȥӸǵ
ŷһӣ֮䲻Ҫ˳͡
ˣ͹ܲˡ
ӵĻǵΪֹ˭Ҳû
һʦ֪ͨǵԷһ˲Ų
ʦķ˾ϾԺҪסչǣô˻Ϥһ±˴Ҳáջ
Щ͹ɶ˶һͬԣȻһʼһᣬܿ˾ȵɫøˡ
ҲҺĿ죬֮Ҳ糣ɨû¶ʲôĲм飬ҪȻճֱǹ
ԼҲӦȻ˼ҵĹʣӦף˵ı˵ÿı𿴣ùܵıܣһϸıķ
룬һ£ԺҲҪʱҪ˽˴ˣճûôི˵˲÷ԷҲ潭ȥˡ
ճʾ£˾ƣ϶ԾƾְֲȾƣǽ˾ͦܺȡ
ΪҲ׼˿ͷǱǾƼݡ
һ˺ȵľˣʦĲҲóԡ
ϺСһﻹнְֽŹ֭һƱףǨ֮ϲɱ
û׾ƣͷȶ˲Ϳơơ
һˣϵҲǣ֮ҲûˣҲû˭ȥ˾ƣֱӳԷˡ
СһչˣǲҪ鷳ˡ


119 
ûǺȾƣҲҪӦ꣬һٷԵĺġ
ʦղȻƵĴҲԼļҳҪóԣ˳ԵĶܾˡ
ˣϣܣԲĹĵĶɳϣҲҪɶˡ
ԲĹĵĶüһеԶ࣬˾һź򣬲֪ͳԶˡ
˾ͿӣϽȥҪʳƬιȥչ˵΢
ˣʳ
ԹԵչˣҲٱQˡ
˾һչϻͽ۾飬Ȼžͱ۾ˡ
ŮԭǩԼ˾Ůǣ˵˾ͦøͶʵġ
Ҫȫɡϲĵ
ֵĺܻϷ᲻ӳŮһûһĴõƻŽԵ
ӦòᣬϾǵ磬ҪмӸŮʲôֿԼϷҲû취
ֻԱס˼ĻǮҲнҲܲ˼ҼϷ
üӳŮ˾ȥ̸˵
֮һֱֵϣɢˣæȥˡ
Ҳ֪ѻ컹ԤԵۣĩСʼʱԭΪ˫ģҲ΢
ȻģǺ˾ͺǸ͸ûмʲô̫ˮ
ΪݲҲʲôǰֻ࣬ѾȷԱ΢֮ģûô
˾ͷʱһɧѡ
Ѱһܴı⣬ݵ˾ͽݵ
۵Ĵﵽ˼еڴеĳ˥
еΪ˾ʹϷǸС͸ȥ΢˵ЩĻ
˼һûʼݵʱͿʼ˵ϻⲿ磬˵˾͵֮ģ˽ϵļҷۣûпġ
ҷ̫٣һڳ˥ˮ粵Եò԰
˾͵û˵ֻǶԽ˵ݼǱ졣
üô֪˾Ͷݼô϶ɲǿưġ
ճۺıĿôڮ٣ʱùŶӳ֣ýֹˡ
˵ʲôûãҪ˺ǶԳۣǺ˵ˮˣʵʤ۱磬Щʿġ
ױյʱ򣬽ȻǶױյλȴǸŮ֮󣬶ңϣдݡ
ŮӲһûжϷݵŮɫϷӳݡ
˻ڴǵģǰٿϷųĹϣԭڽϵĹȫƵǸŮϡ
Ůԭ˾ʱͺͽϲôԸʱǵλ̫࣬鷳Ҳͷϣ֪ʱȻһ顣
һʰ·һߵճüѾĹ˵ľ籾ǴֱӵnŶ԰ɣ
ǵʽѾλ˵ģΪɶǮȥȴԴǸŮˣвɣ
ǾôģҰǮˣȴǸһĪŮˣûǵ˵Դɣǵӽˮ˰ɣ
̯֣˭Ǹʮ߶ûеأûȻҲû˵ĵˡ
ճЦǱҳʰ
˼ҲŲأû㣬бעʣûŮ𣬲Ǵʽ𣿡Ϸۡ
ճһѰ˱ԼϣıӣǮй̰ĵء
ҧҧƤָ˼㵱ԩͷأϾûĸɵԸǮһʮС͸
ճһʪָȻֱ͵Լǰ/ͷһ¡
ϱĶŪֱӺ쵽˵ףҲ˲ȥ۾Щ߰ˡ
ճǸߵӣҲûȥɶˣҪǽԼϲʵϣȥϷԹԵڼﱻá
ȥ˾飬Ҫþÿ˴ˣģŽϻûȥճʵĺúø´˺þá
ǲȻȥ̽࣬ʱϾ̣ȥ֮󣬳סҲ֪Ҫò깤
ճѵõĲˣͷĻﲻϳƵģȥ
ϿЦãǲȥҪȻңҲһֱڼ氡棬Ҳģ˵ûʱңֲţơ
ճϹ˹ͷȥ
ǵ֮󣬲Ű˷ˣͷŶͷǵ㣬һڳȥκˡ
ϵͷճֵ֮ǰȰѻϣΰ趼ͬˣҪúõĲһʢĻ񡣡


120 
ʵ˵ûʲôģǿճ񣬽ϻǵͷȻҪͽžˡ
ȻţûлᰮԼǶЯȥ
֮ճ𣬳Ȼת˷ɻȥ飬˻ϴ·ճƷŸ䣬Ȼ߸˸ǹ˾ҵģǰûС
ŽϵĳԶȥճ淭Ÿ绰绪ִֵܲãѯһ
ȴõһ۵Ĵ𰸣ִܲøýϲֵôͶʣʽûλ
ճͺǺˣԼͶʣҪһƱƣˣȻΪûôֵܲõĻܲҲɣҪֲĶ塣
ճüĪǮ̰˰ɣԲ˸ô׵ĽڣҪһ£ĿǰæԼҰ˵°ɡ
ڽȥ·ϣִܲñŹ˵ճֱӰʣµһʽת˹ȥֱӶԾŻҽǣֱӳʣǸŮ˱Ľȫעʺˡ
ճ֪ͨˣҲɵȻһڰ˸Ӧ£ǮǴүȻ
ʵԭԤýϵֻǱ绪ֵĸ˸һӣʽûλŪôһ
ȵ˾ڵľƵ꣬󲿷˶Ѿˣûľ˾ˣǸŮǣѾˡ
쿪ԱǰӦֻ۲ͬ˾Ӱ֮⡣
ݣԼһ䵥ķ䣬ǲ
СŰᵽϾȥ͵˴к
֪ڵһ£ԼҪʮͣĲֻưӹ͸ôһȵƣϽһͿˡ
ϣǵģ͵ˡ
⻰˵Ӧ˼ǽˣ
ϲ˼ƽϣԹԵȥк
Ǹеµˡǰ˼ٵģ֪
Цеģû£ǻû˾Ǽһﻹûء
⻰䣬Ŀˣ˼ӰۣȻȫҲ޿ɺǣһʮ߶㲻ϵģǰ£ǽ˵԰ɣ
ǲƽϣЩ˾ûӣ߻űΪܻӭˡ
ֻǽûڣڵ˵ҲֱӸˣʲô鲻Ҫ¶ۣһһû𣿲Ҫ㲻ŵĲ²㴧ˣǹ˵˵ȥ籾ء
һѣûģ˭˼ǵݵģǣͰѻ˽ͷϣݺݵһۣˡ
ֲ̾öʮȻǸߣ˵ݼģɾǺ첻
ƾԸģΪǰԺ󱲼ʲ˵˵ǳӡ
ڵǰʹ˵Աôˣ˼Һ̨Ӳб£ҲҸϸǮĽ
ûУûоͱ죬ҪȻ˻֪ʱ߶ǡ
˵ԣ㱾ǸǣԸľ籾ϷŮˣԼô˵˵˼ҰѱҪͲˣʲô⣿
ݴкϾͻԼ͵С󣬱ԼǰQȨûҪÿ
Ѿ˵۸ˣҲ۸
ɻСʱʱŵ˾顣
ʽпʽĿǰʣһ״̬
νɫɱǰЩҪҪˣȻϷݺ̨Ҳ࣬Ȼ֮ǰ籾ĵľ籾û
ϾϷӵ̫࣬ҪӦһµľ籾
Ȼǵĵλˣǿ籾ǲôడ
Ʋ죬Ϸݣ仹ࡣ
أ¾籾ҽˣû˵дľ籾
һ㲣ԲϹźܺĺȦǲ֪û˯һ
ϿǣԽ㣬ôˣȦôأ
Խεֱ̾Ĵϣ֮ǰйʵʶģϵ
Ǹ̫ܼϷԼɣϷӵѾ嵽мˣǶидǵǹѪ
ϷӵģѴӵ/ɴŮϷˡ
ַ籾ǣⲿúõĵ/ѾΪԴˡ
üݲ𣿡
ܲˣͶʷҪ˼ҾҪŮô죿ͶԤǮһ룬ɶ취
ͷⲿӾǱˣ
˭˵ǰҲ֪ǲвҪݴŮȥͶ鰡Ϊɶǵڵ/һӣҧӦˡ
ԽǱǿһֻ󡣬


121 
֮Խ뿪ˣֻƣ̬۵׵ĲôҲβס
Ҳԣúõĵ/籾ƫ˿Ų˳ۣҪһӣɹѪ磬Ըй
ϴϷһ飬˾Ͷ̸˴Դף㷴Ŀɳ
ϳ۽ǣĵģһúõĵ/Ӳĳ˹Ѫ˵ϷӵֱӳŮǡ
ڵĵ/ֲҪŮĲҪŮǰ
ֻǣ˾İţΪԱֻܰߣڱʲôǻûȨܡ
ʹڲԸ⣬ҪȥݣԱϷǵĹʹϲˣúǵú
ƽ̯ڴϣ¾籾ǸŮϷݻ٣ֻǺȻھǳжϷ١
ĽͻѵĴŮϷ
ҪϲŮȥ簡ڵ/κϡ
ӦԽǾ仰ҧӦˡ
Կ϶ģⲿϷ˶ˣⲿԭģ˿٣ȷжʱdissԭ۲١
ϾĲıӰӾ磬ڶһƬԺԭ۵Ĳ
ʵǣԼϲС˵Ҳ˰ĳӰӾ磬ǻ顣
һԭ΢Ҳû˵ʲôںòÿҪȳƷǸʱǻǾòõĻͻԭˡ
ֻǣڣҲԭûɶⲿע˶ˡ
㵢/ΪӭڶฯŮǵģأ
/ŮԭమΪŮַշֵ
Ѿˣԭ۵Ĵ󱩶ֹˡ
㲻籾ʲôģֳһ£ƽʱĻûɶ̫⣬Ŀǰ⣬ôݡ
ҲⲿϷˣһ˶˵Ϸɶ˵ģֻǿϧϹͶˣղ
ֻҪݺϷˣġ
˰죬ϻǴ˵绰ԼϹ
ϹǮľ籾ƾɶһĪ˰ѱռˣһ˵ľ硣
ȻһﻹҪϹͶʣʲͺǸŮ˼Qɡ
Ϻĵһͨ绰ԼϹȥճڳһֱӴ绰˵ݡ
ͶʸұģȴǻһŮˣֲǸǸŮ˻Ǯƾɶ
ȻôǸŮˣǾɣԩͷȥ׻ǸԩǮ
ǣճͳʣýϻؼңҸõԴοǸ
һʣʽֱһ룬ԭԤУʽͲ࣬һʣ鼸;ĩ·ֻǸŮ˴һʽ𣬸ڶû취
λˣϴ绰״籾Ҳÿˣֱ걻˯ȥˣһϷɻȥ
ֲɵϲΪ¡
˾Ͷʵʱ˵жȴӲмһŮֱӳ
ǵλλˣﻹϹԩͷԼǮȴȥˣǺǡ
ô£λΪˡ
һȵĵⲻ֪Ѿ졣
ڶʱ򣬻ûüʰˡ
ɫ̫ÿ˵ʵ̫׵Щˡ
ֻΣµȷĲôصѡо籾ʱǿûģʱ´ĵ/磬¶Ҫĵġ
֪ﱸĺúõģȴӲǴʽ飬ǿӲҪϷ
ǲԸģʱǵ/ӲҪĳ飬Χתʱͱĵˡ
̫СĲҵǣֻܴݺѪ̣Ѿ籾ĵĿȫǡ
ò붯˾æƬ껹ҪĲ࣬һԮʲ˵ҪգݼҲܲӣûüˣͱˡ
ȻҹճͻȻʣ֪˼ҲԸˡ
ܿ϶ǽϸһ״ϾճֻͶʷ岻֪
ֻ˼ҲɵƾɶǮһͻȻŮˣĪ
ճһ̸ֱ˰ҹ˵˵ȰճʣҲǸŮҲûϵֻϷݻعԭ
Ҫû¾ͼϷ
Ӧˣ׷ȫԤʽ𣬲ӦһǮûС
ʵճ⻰»õȻˣԥģʹӦˡ
ڶһ磬Խľ籾ԽȻľ籾ѾĵĻˣһҪľ籾ֱҪˡ
Һõ˵õľ籾Խɿֿˣϲ̵ļȥдˡ


122 
һǵݣٲģҲܰڼӣԱҪľǺ͵ݴùϵ
ϸϽý˱ˮ
ڶ棬һ£ϰǶԲ㿴һ־磬ҲҵİɣϾҾǸݣĸҵǣ
ʧЦ⻰˵ˣ֪Ҳɼ
Цվļ򣬡Ȼˣ𣿡
ϲ˼Լգˡ
ǾͺãҪȻǶˣʱҲҲˣ治ð졣
ϼɵЦʲôҲˣֻ˵ǰˣֻˣҲʽ߰ˡ
ϴӦ£ϷݻԭϷݣټϷʽҲûԲ¡
Ȼǵ˾͹Ҫˡ
ԭΪǹȥˣҲٵˡ
˾ߵģǰնõʱ䣬пʽ
ݹع㣬ȻǺӰ
һ꣬Ȼһýգˣ̣֮˵ɢ
ʱѾֲܴ̫࣬һȹӣڴ̹ǵĺﻹҪȻı飬ζˡ
һ˾ݵȥѧжϷݣҲǵӾһʼϷݡ
ȻѾҪʮˣ˸ӣ۰΢ױ֮˵ʮ߰˹ƶš
һԲ۾ɰǿɰӡ
ͷһʼ˾͵aſڱŸֱۿǽϵһֻ֧ǽϣ۾˧䣬һı顣
ػصŮţרĵĵŽݵж֡
ȽᣬҲûǡǼȥ
ʱ򣬵÷
߳һԸӣǿɰͷȥû
ǣָͷ˳·
Ƹо˳·ۣԼѣɶת˲ͲˣֿһЦݣվſ˫۾Ҫȥ
籾Ӧżӭȥסġ
˾ͱͷܸߣȽϸ߳һͷбһۣͻȻȶһţأһô߸ء
ͻȻϷ˾ͽӵĺ˳ԹԵһϥǣİء
ֻ˫ȻſίͰ͵ĿҪ
ϡ͡һЦŹԹԵͶĻס
ǵһͽˡ
ֻǶθļϷݲûкͣӰ˫۷Ź⡣
ԭĽݼãϾ͸ʮ߶㲻ϣѾ˺ü꣬ҪݼõĻڻᱻûôãԣһʼݵĻͦĵġ
ֻǣϸһϲȻûһ˿ݵļȻֻһľͷݼûҲԿĳˡ
ϾԱϷ֮ǰҪԾҲǽȡһСΰˣһСεݾͿѡҪѡˡ
ֻǽϱϾûԾݼΣ֪
ԭڸԼѹ𣬲ݳɶȥУڽϣȴû뵽ϸһľϲ
˵ܱȲ˾ͣһƱСȴԵʵˡ
Ȼ֮ļϷ϶Ժɵ̬͹ˣǺ˾ͶϷʱ˾һ
Ҳ֪˾ʹģǽԼʵ
֤֮ʵȷǽԼݼʵ
ڲǺ˾ͶϷʱҲǼһϳngĶ
Ϸݣͻһž籾оź˾ͶϷ
˵ĶϷģ˾˽ңƷզģһϷĲˣ鶼
ҲҪ棬ȻڼЦɶĻУ̬ȫͬӱ֪ԴԱжˡ
ϲϷԶԴϷҲ棬ź·һ־籾һˮĶϷһԻڴֵľֵ̬˾籾
һԵĵüЧɵĺãϾϷҲۡ
ûоˣˣٲϢʱԼһǰܺæˡ
ֻðĵϷͺãٲҪסûз֮ˡ
Ϸݺ˳ľͽȥһʼ鷳Ǹ֮Ϸݲûж٣ҪǾ籾ˡ
ϷĻݵľǸڻŮ䣬Ǹͼ˷Сְ
ʱûݶϷԣҲûҵԿƽʱϸǰգƵߵ֡
Լе˾֮⣬˭ˣǾ£Щûɶ͸ǣ˼ʹҲǾ¡
Ūһûϲģ˶ߡ


123 
˻ȫ֪ôᡣ
ǽϣҲȥ£Ȼ۸ˣҸ֧ǣϾǰҲǸ۸ģͬаˡ
ĿǰǸ͸Ȼǲ˼ңȻճǾЩΪ
ϾС˺Ů˶ռȫˣԲǸƲˡ
ôεİˣֲɵϣȻ֪ڶ£һѰѻŸµϡ
ǸձҵĴѧողŵûãڶʮ
ոյ˲һһֱǳԾ˿ͷƢ ֱ̱ǵʹ
Ͳϲƨˡ
СڼҲǸʲôʱܹίҪǩ˺ͬⲻΥԼˡ
ýǰ󷽣˭֪˽ǸħȻûдˣһٵİʱˣ߯Ǹ˾ܲˡ
ոȻһ·ϵĽ£Ͼڱº¶ҲֱͣͷҵϣˣͨһƬ
СһҽУֱӾ͵˵ϣڵϴ˹
Ϣʱ䣬ûϷһҽУҲ˵ĳԷˣϾﾭⷢҲ¡
һȺ˳ʱһ֪վԭأϻǹСڵޡ
ѹֵʱˣοô˹۵ɴڵϲˡ
ءֽ㣬ûκ£Ҳû㰡ΪʲôҪݣ
⻰һ˵ֽ޵ӣٿϵӣڳˡ
˾üһ壬ܹȥСС֣̫λ£СһƬͨ죬鲼գеĵطݣڵط
˾ͫһҲ˲ϱӣһѰ˱ˣֱӶڳĹԱȥһˮ졣
ãСͻˡ
ˮϴȻ˸࣬׼ʹȰȥҽԺ
ճԭ̽ģֻûи߽ϣһϲСһһõ
֮ǰͨĵطкܶȥȥģճûʲôע⡣
ֻʱ򣬾ŪһƬңȻǳˡ
ճüһ壬ǽϣһѱСܿ첽˽ȥ
Ŀǰ֪ôϹˣ˾Ͱ˴߽ҽˣ˿
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⻰һڳ˵ĵӣֶ񶾵ôǵģ
ԭĺãȻô£Ҳ̲סˡ
ֱӾˣôô񶾣ô̵˼һûˮҪǻˣǻ˼һӣ㸺뱲𣿡
Ȼ֪ڸģãҽѵôˣ
ȫǿʶ
ϱЦˣָͷָ˼ֻǴ򹤵ģֻĹʶѣû㣬ֻԱʱְģֲūƾʲôѵ˼ң
˵˼һ
ǣǡ
һƬԱùϵ˼ҲŻᾡľչ㣬ϰ壬۸ѵ˼ң㲻͸˼ҵ㹤ʣڹӶϵ˼ʱ˵ģΪԼ߸ϰ
һ˳Ž˵ģ۵׶ǶıӺͲһĶûУ²̨ŭˡ
߹ȥһžһ˽һ⣬ҧгݵıҪ£
Ҳôɣ˵˲䣬ճŽĿọ̈̄Ҳû˵ô࣬Сһ˵ϣȥֱ׼Ķһ߹ȥ
ֱӰһߵڵأŶӲҽһˡ
ŶһֱУճȴǲ⣬ȥٲһţӲǱסˡ
ҽԺճҪӣΪⲻֵá
òװסճϵǰأϧ˶ˣû˹ȥһѣȫԼڵϰ
ճΧȥʵתọ̈̄۵׵ĺһҪ֣סˡ
ճ·ѾٲҽеԼ᲻öһµıҶִҿǻˣҿո̫ˣɫһû鷳㵹ǲ֪鷳
ճ⻰ҧгݵģĺŵӲǴ˸顣
ճ΢΢۾ˣˣҾͲˣҲҼϸǰգҪȻе𣡹


124 
һ֣ľˣҲ˵ȥֻعˡ
ճһķ˲Ŀ˴Ȥĸơ
ճûŸһֱĬŵһӣ۾ǰڳ˵λӦ˹̰ɣܴһ𣿡
һֱֳһŵע⵽Ž˿۾ӣŴͷȴһƬ˹ģҲܺÿܺճˡ
˲⣬Ҳ⣬ճССܱȣϱףСܻ˸ףСְ֣ˡ
ԣСְҲˡ˱һûꡣ
ճȥ鿴ȷûκ𽥱ҪȻĻȥŪǸŮˡ
ֱˣ˲һ۾ϣסҽܵԨմܲõѣרű㵱˵ġ
ˣһƬհס
ԨȦĽƾˣᣬ˵ãһһǸǸİҪȻûˡ
ϽӲĿһԼϹô벻ԨѣҾȻ붯Լˡ
ԨȦǳһһҲޣˣ˾
һֱɾˣȫûǩԼκι˾ֻԼϲ˴ȻҲСȫûԡ
̫أõĲĲë಻ĲûзչǱĲ
ӵһ£ܳɽΪճɡ
ڽΪµʱԨȴͻȻ۾Ϲ£ҳɽȻճԭ򣬵󲿷ֻΪ㣬ǳġ
ϲ˼ָԼɵظң
ԣΪ㡣
ûȽҪ˵ʲôʱּҿʮʱĹеӾԼӰĹ˽һٲӵӰȻףݼĽһ㿴ұ˭Ǳ
˵̫ɰǣڵĻױֻ֮Ҳܸ㻯ɾˣ˵㱾ͳĺܲҪȻҲմܲõյķģҿ֪˱һݡ
ԣģұ֤쵽ϣֻҪϹĺʽϣҵĲ벻춼ѡ
Ԩ⻰Ա˵ֱĿ϶ܵĿ϶ֱͺñȵ˵ӾҫĽ񽱡
ΪԨ۵ԱĲࡣ
ֻǣ϶Լǲ̫ţϾǰھʱ˵ݲǣһĶûˡ
ճϹǲв˼ˣʵ˽ϹһԲϾͿļƣǸ˼ʩѹ˰ɣ
ճεģûڣԨֵһˣһʲôǴĵ˵⻰ģΪϹ
ϲ˼գ˼ȫ˿͸ˡ
˵֮ԨȥڳҪƵȥˣҲ֪Ҫ
ڽ飬ʱͽ϶Ϸһֱ֣ھеһת۵㡣
ױݺʼ˾ѸϷ
ⳡסùݴϲܶһʱľȻȴǣǵʳʱǹ
һΣȻϷݲ࣬ȴϷݼĵط
ʼ֮һȺǿдϢķ䣬˾ݵĽɫԣԼûκҪǽ첻Ǿˡ
ǣݵķΡΡǹ׼ǣ۵ﻹᣬǲģǡǱ
ڻҺЦб㿪ǹҷϣͿѱ㻹ʲô£
˵ǰ˼ǹ߬ĸˣе㺦µһ㣬Լİˣܺˣͣˣֻ˫ֶĸˣ
ſǻ˻ƣţе
߶µӣȴ˶ĺЦ
ͷ˸Ƿǰ˼Цҷϣǹ
ļ÷ӽţǹеղסײʱ˵Ķͣˡ
ȻȻǾǹȴᶨˣǰֱֱͣĶͷߵԴȻŲǴɤＷһȴޱȼᶨŵҧгݵĺݣȥ˵ڶ飡
۵ұ任üͷ΢΢𽥴η±˼ᶨơ
ֻǶȻûı仯ȻǸϺҷϣš
Ǹͷģֻһ̣ŵǸ˳Դһǹͷߵˡ
ʣµ˴סˣڷһġУ塱һɢˡ
ոջһǿƵķȴήµסԼʹѹ
ҴޣϾǻûߡ


125 
޵ᣬʲôûУܿȻͻȻɱһ嵽˲ȥ¡
һڼ䣬ƾһֱڻУ
Ϸȫȥˣݺˡǡγ׽
ȵݺ֮󣬽ϲ߻ƺеûعڲᣬ۾ܺףȫޡ
ֱϴӲֳ˲һոǱȻԾס˺ֲøеأ
ճûֳϷξȻ鲻Խľͱϵ˽ȥȻޱϷȴ̲סžˡ
̲סΪģһ
ճ۵Ǿϲ֮ǰûôҰݵϷ̫ҲҪ˵ϷҲ٣Ҫļͷͦѵģֱӿļ
˿Ƶǿɰ˧ҪȻcpһ㲻ݼһģ˵ʵĲ̫ԼҰ˵ݼɶ
˵һοȻǺܾϲ
ճߣԨƷ۾ڸס۵׵ľ⣬΢΢ĹҲ֪뵽ʲô
֣˵ע͵ɣһ翪ʼϽֲȻȥϢɣľ顣
ʹȻһ󣬵ĵʱҲϽһڲࡣ
ʵϻ峡Ϸģ˼ϹˣͶߣݹϵĸ˼ҷ˼٣ȥɡ
ϲ˼ЦЦȻ˼٣ҲͲŤˣҲճСˡ
ȻƽʱæûʱǣǾǻ롣
ԭϷݵģһż٣ֻıˣȵʱٲľˡ
ڣȻǣҲϷȫΧתҲͰĵĸݴк·жױճȥˡ
Ԩ˳ڸʻȻȵ棬ճԼ򳵻ȥ
Ҳ˼ҪǳԷãһǳȥ棬㣬˵˼ҲɵҲȥǸݡ
Ԩ³óճѴŪԨϴεҴӦˣȥ֮úͬɡ
ճüΪʲôӦôͻȻ㲻һֱϺκһֹ˾ǩԼ𣿡
Ԩü̯֣˭أ
ճ˲ţԨѾˣվԭػ֣һ⳵ȥˡ
ԭɶģû˵
ճԤ˵ĵطȥ
·ϣʵոմʲôգ
ճ绪ֹ˾Ӧˡ
ڽûкˮҪȻҲе͵ʵӦˣ
ճֵĿһԼҰˣôҲûԨȻֶͦξˡ
Ӧһ䣬ţ԰Ӧˡ
ϼǽƾ˰˭˭֣һֱûмκι˾һ˾Ľư
Ǹӣճ̲סԴףô֪ôǿ̨ۣӲҪȻȦԵô
ζƲƲ죬ĲϹ𣿡
Ҫ绪ֵļУ䲻ľճŨŨĴζĻ̲סʧЦ
΢΢վŵȺƵļ϶ͷһ£ҼϹˣҪĻҽ˾飬ҲԨҾˣԣҼϹġ
Ϻòߵ˸ճƨĿˣǶֵˣһ״ߣ֪ͺá
ֲ̲סʧЦҺù˼ӣ̲סˣȻ͵͵Ц
һְֱڸСܿǸȻһָϣҲЦˣС֣Сְ͵Цץˡ
һ죬ݺݵӡһѿˮ״
СһֺСһĨĿһۣžߴĨصϣȻ˾ںֳһš
ΪǶԹ緹ճȻҲȥһΣĿȷĳԤõĵصȥˡ
ӰӳǸзʲôģճֱӴȥһԵȪùݣȻֻвһʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ճͶʷҪֲ鷳ȻſԶ˵㡣
ͣóϱСһճһֱߵǰ̨
ȻճԤı䶼ˣֱסͿˣͲµݲ
ϰһۣҲȥ˵Ǹɨ˵ĻϾҲˣͱźӹԹԵĽ˷䡣
ֶģûͱ˼һԡҳѵ֮һӦȫ򿪺淿žǴ¶ȪܱĻݣϧѾȫͺͺˡ
شٵʱܺÿʱǿˡ


126 
Ȫǵһڱ棬רסʹãҲûʲôʱΣʱԽȥݡ
ֻһڣҲҪ˼ô࣬ϴɾ֮ݽȥˡ
Ҳûڣôི
Сһ˸ӾȦԼڹ٣ĳ˫̯忿ϰߣ΢΢ı۾
ȵˮëףƺڵƣһԵȫˡ
Ȼ̫Ѩһ˫ָԼĦi᲻صģУ
ȥϾ֪˭ˣҲû۾ôţЦллϹˡ
ճĶͷӡһǣˡ
ҡҡͷ֣ڴһǣԼѡģԼϲģ࣬ǽˣҪǮûС͸
⻰΢ŵ٩ζ
ճˮְԼ̾ıӣʾԼŻǮ˭ĸԸ˵ˣԨô˵ˣ϶ϡ
ʧЦˣ㣬ѵü棬Ͳ̸ˣ˵İɡ
ãıġճĻ˻⡣
ˮУ˵˫ֽգһûһ˵Ż
ⲿϷ꣬Ҳǰѻ˰ɣûһܾΡ
ʲô뷨ûлҶģӶˣûл㻹ܲҰϰͷԴĿһۡ
һ̬ʮ㣬ճģ˾ڻܱˮ¾˷Ӧ
ǰһ̻ں˵£һ̾;ʲôڶֲǳ֪ܲʲôѽ
¡ڡľͺˣ뿪Ҫ֪ҶӻһĲֺأҴְ־ҪҰˡоҪܣճۼֿһѰסˡ
һ㣬ص˻ȥѹճһһƺߡ
պҶ˹գգ۾ɻͷʵְ֣ôˣǲﲻշ
Цô˻ĻεԱߡ
ճܵ̾Ҳ֪ڲ֣ҶһԻʲôҲֻԼơ
󿿣ͷĴʯͷϣ˫ִ̯ܵƽ
ȻͻȻͷݺݵĶԽϵһ㡣
ϲεߣһͷɹİճֶЦˡ
ˣﲻҰ˰ŲٿȥˣҲû취ֻðƽϢԼڵɧ
Ȫһֱ˽һСʱݵ̫ûͷΣ˾ͳˡ
֮ʱ仹磬Ŷĵ࣬Ȼں磬ҲԷʱ䡣
Ҳû뿪ȥĵطڱ˼һ𣬿Ӿ磬СϷ֮ġ
ϷϷ֮䣬ûôļ/δˣȴʾ֮ûаˣ֮ദģʽƽȴҲܰ
СһϷճȴһ߽˵绰ҪԱҪģǷ绪ǱߵģⶣģӲС
Ϊ绪ֹ˾Ȼ˵ֹ˾ĿǰǩԼֻԼźͷˣŶӣܡ
ҪĵĻԼҰˣʲô¸Լ˵һ
С²ҪʲôģҪһ¡
κȻǽרŶӵ飬Ҫʼｭˣ绰˵һ
ŵ飬ճʹæҲջص绰ģǵı棬ճͬǵ᰸Ǻ棬͹˵绰ȥ㰮˺ˡ
˾һֱʱԼҲ÷͹߹ȥԣ΢һ£÷͹
ŲԶĶͦģĻƲˣƬһ;ˡ
ƬⶫȡһʶȣǶ֮󣬳ʦʹŻŵˡ
ǸҪ
Ū֮ϲˣιСһһ飬Сһü˰죬ʾϲζܾٳƬ
û취ֻøʦҪ˻û㣬æƬƬԼƬࡣ
ĵʲôһӦȫҪȻû취
֮󣬶˸źСڣСһСĳһڣ۾ˡ
ϵζһƬ˳̶ˣСһԵĺǻʵ
һһ룬Ҫǽֹļʱƻóԡ
ϹƬҲܵʢһ룬ЦкõĲԣҪȥԣеϢ
ճתͷ˿ûв˼ļԳԳԡ
ʾСһԵҲҪԣԼŲܺ˱ˣǿЦá
Դ׵ɹ


127 
ɹһƬ࣬Ķӣû˿Ρ
ϰһۣʣĻ٣ԼҲȥʢһ룬㣬Ҳ㣬ζãѹ˶ϲء
ò׳˷ʰȥɳŶʳ
Ȼϵĵ绰ˣһƬžһ
æҵץϵֻһۣ˾ͣɣʲô°ɣ
ͨ˾͵ϰһؾˣǸ飬Ҳ̫ģĺãȥļʱҽ˵̵ġ
Ӧһɿǻص飬˵ԼΪºͻŴԼ˵һ£Լġ
Ȼһֱ£Ͼûϵ֪û£Ҳûʲôˡ
ںչ˵ҪõĵְæȻµôֲܣ
ʥĸ¾͹ܣϾƽô࣬ûôȥܣϾԼߣֺ͹ȥԼƣŻעһ㡣
Ҷϵ绰ճȥӺ汧סԼ䣬һ䣬ôˣ
Ϸĵĳϣ΢΢۾ûʲôֻǰھף˭۸ң˭ܶߺ䣬Ƕô߸һǶһࡣ
ճֱۣ۽סսҪ˼˼ǸԼҰ̹ݣôࡣ
Բ𣬱ҲãôίҪ㣬Ҳôࡣ
Լ֣ʾҪ˼룬Ҳ֪Ǻճϵһᣬ˵ƣԶ
ǣתͷĶ۾ĵϹûжԲңҲ֪ĹǣǮ쾭ģ㵱Ҳһֱڵͥ㻹ܲأѵҲҪҸ˵Բҿɲ˵û
Ȼ󡰺ߡһŤͷ
ճ״Ͻ壬úúãҲ˵ԲҲ˵𣿷ԺϹɴǣҲǸˣòã
Цͷʾԭˡ
ҵģȫһԵСܣҪٴ㣬ƾͻᷭ۸ǿȻˡ
ĸ̫ˣȫǸⰡ/飡
ṻˣиСһʱСһѾ˯ˣֻˢ
ְεĶһۣӣСһﱧȥϣ˯£˯¡
ȻСѾ˯ˣǴ˵ʱˡ
Ѿˣ˴ˣǸɲһ𣬼ȵˮһʰ
ǹ˼Ž컹Ҫ㣬ճŬԼڵ˰ҹʮ㡣
Ѿ۵˯ȥĽϱشϣһȻǾĵطճԡҳˮ裬ȻϴˮĲ
ɹ˼Žϵ壬ˣܱýϵڶĺá
ϴ裬ճһˮص䣬ڿյ´˺þãֱůϣ§ס˽壬Ĳһ£۾
˯Ժģ˯иоϤº壬Զ˽ȥһƣֳ˯˹ȥ
ճƣڵڶճʱȻܲСһһ˯ۣԺĿԼϹ
˫һģһˮԲ۾Ͱ͵ĿԼɵģܲѣճһоôֱ񼫡
аҪϻȥ㣬СܵǲҪֲܰԼڷֻܴһߡ
ճӲĳȥǸͰ͵ı飬ǽ緹Ȼǽȥϴ
ǿԺӣˢѾ
ĽȥǼ࣬ˮȻˮԺĵճŲĵ˳䡣
ԺԺˢС»ǰĵġ
ˢֹԹԵϴϾѾˣɫ磬Ϸɵϰߡ
絽黯ױȻ󿴿籾ʱϾ͹ȥˣ룬ͿԿʼˡ
Сһﲻһʲôʱô磬ȻԺˡ
ӣʱ춼ûء
Сһﱧڻһһι࣬ϵ߲ˣСһ̫磬ȻҲûθڣԵĲ࣬˻ûء
ճźСһԼҲץʱӣȻͽ˷ϳ
ճһֱ͵ص㣬ױʦʲôѾλˣԱҲ½͵ȵǹͿʽʼˡ
ճſںӲһףˣСһ̫ڳ˯ˣûԼСְټ


128 췢˵ţ˵СɰԲ
ֱߵĲӰˣϲŴЦͷͶ˾ı飬һüԥĴҼҵܵôˣû㣬Ҳ
˾͵ɫˣһ˲Σܼٵ࣬ͲܲĿΰ
Цãб°¡
˾ͱû°˽йҪ֪һֱŽû뿪Ǻˣˡ
ȡЦ˾ͣ˾顣
֮ĴϷݣٲҹ鷳ճһߵģ˺öࡣ
ⲻҽϵ鷳ˣҲȥ˵鷳ˣһŻͦõġ
ȵһֱɱ࣬ȫ˵ճŵľƵףɱ࣬Ͷ̣ȻҲڡ
֮ǰճѾźһС
ʽҲûҪҴʲôװ֮ģھۻᣬΪ
Ҳûý壬˼Ӱʦɶģͼ֡
ûôʶȤѵõɣҪýߣǾǻѵˡ
˾žƱ߹֭ľһ˵
ϸճһȺĸʿ죬ճܸʿҲƴǣЦӯӯĸ
һ룬ճĵĿģԼֲ岻ϻĵĺȿڹ֭Ρ
Ȼɱ磬ԵԼһ˹Ĵ˽û˹ȥ˵ҲûԸ
ܣǺӴˣһɶ˿ȥӡ
ޱΣ֮ǰ˾㣬ʱҲΡ
һķ۾һһתĴ϶˱֭룬һھơ
ϹٷϺͰٿﶼ¼Ծƾϡ
ӦҲϾôһճݺݵ߹һţȻעһС
дĶԾƾȻҲˣҲ֮ģô
˼ҹҲͳԵҩˣ˵һھƣô
һ£ҲԼĳֳ£ԼҲܲȡ
һ˫ĺð취
žƱȥЦݣϣǸģ֮ǰһʱ嶯ģҸǸ˲С˹ԭ¡
޶˶˱˴һ⣬ֲɶʥĸܲԣȻһЦģǲܣԸҲıӡ
һʱ嶯𣿷û׼˵ʱ˵˼Ľϣֱִˡ
̬ȼ˾ǲͺãǵЦݽӲˣ˳飬ȻּϣҲôС˲˵ǶһȦģ̧ͷͷģ˷ҲԼ㲻
ֽҲһʱͿ£ԭҰɣұ֤Ժٲǰаɡ
û͵Ľӹ˱ӣţһû˰ɣ챻ˣǸϽ߰ɡ
ճһʲôͶ̲ŷУʱ򿴽ϱǸŮ˲ˣƿǾҪ
ûͼϽӹݹĹ֭ճϼҪȣΪ۵׵ĲһҪֹѾˡ
Ѿѹ֭ˡ
ҵľƲ࣬һڣڹ֭Ȳһġ
һ˲䣬Ծƾޱе̸ӦȫѸٸһɫİߵ㣬ˡ
źŴ죬ܴأˮһ㣬ƴŴ죬ȴò
ճĿѣֱֱӷɱȥģһŰѾɵ˵߷˳ȥȻסصĽϣԱ˵˻ߵĴ󺰣Ȼ
һԭ˵˲æҵİδ绰
ҽڻûߣѸܹһ˿˿Ƥֿطճٷɿĵƽƽʱйҩȸˡ
ճ߶µĴԼͳȻһֱմƣǾΪԤʱΪԷһճһֱŹҩʱó
ҽԺȻĺܿ죬ҽԱ̧ܿ˽ϣճҲȥˡ
ԭɵˣһ˵עȫڽϣҪתӺ뿪
ôҲû뵽ϵķӦôӸǼ͹ӦҺһŪãᵼȲʱ
ѾŵӾôܱȽϺãҪȻճ˻عܲˡ
£Ҳ˵öǹɾҵʹˣҧҪܡ
Ͷ˾ͷıɫһһٵҧгݵɱ˷Ҫȥģ


129 
ɱ˷ñӹҪʵ飬°뱲Ӿˡ
Ŀ·Ǽű˵ɱ˷ʲô֤ݣ
ڳ˶֪ϾƾɣǹٷϣճŹ˵˲ܺȾƣ˼ԣϣ˶Ҫ˺Ⱦƣô㣬㲻֪Ϲ
ֲʲôˣ˭֪ƾ˭ȥעе
˾ͲƣЦעΪʲôĹ֭оƾṩĹ֭;ˮǷֿģ˵㲻ǹĶûţ
ô֪оƾûԹѾµȫѾ֪ҪηֻþȫƺͿΪԼȡ˵ǡ
ǣģѾȥˣˣճľƵ꣬ܿͻнֻҪɱ˷Ҳʵˡ
⻰һˣˣճĵֶ̣ΣʹӱˤˣҲܼһˡ
˾͵Ľƺڳֱӵˣøһڵϣ˫ʹߣС
ֲǹģֻŻŻ˭֪ôֻһھưˣ˭֪ôӦ
ҲǹģһھƶѰ
û꣬˾һ䣬΢΢ѹȵƼʵ֪ƾ¹ѾƵȥ𣿡
һ㶣֪治֪ôأҲǹģҲԹҰҲǹġ
˵ʲô˾ѾˣֱӰʦ¼ˡ
Ӱʦͷʾһ䲻©
ʱ򣬻ڿ޺һͻȻӦ˹ɵ㶵ĵǡ¼ʲô
˾Ͳ嶵Ц㻹ȻճĲҵǼĶҲУǾıرƷճôС
ס˵ڲſʼתָָ㡭թң
˾üǰݹ죬û뵽Ը㻹ͦá
ŵĵɴ۾ѾȫηӦ
˾ּлṩĳ֤Ϊɱ˵ʵשߡ
ԽԽ֣ͻȻҲ֪վҪȥ˾͵ɵĶ㿪Ȼͱ
˾һԼ·űܳȥӰ˻֣ǵˣպףˡ
Ҳ֪뱲ˣ
˵꣬ԼϷɣϳȥҽԺǿǽĸ磬ôպһˣҲģȻҪϹȥΣգҲġ
˵ϣҽԺֱӱƽңϴθճͱܾ档
زͣ߶ڲһҰײҰ׵ûκѪɫеվס
ֻɤҪһزͣ߶ͣΨܲȥ˼룬
˾ͽйʱ򣬾͸оճˡ
ɫһƬ۾ף촽ȫڶģ滹ûгȱ
һãֱӰ˱˻û٣һ˱͸оǴڶ˶
ӡǸصڴĲһ
ı磬ûµģûµġ
ճ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻһһĲͣİοͬʱԼҲĵһֱ
һСʱҽˣժñӣ˭Ǽ
ճϽӭȥˣô
ģѾΣˣֻҪ˵㼸䣬Ȼ֪ƾôοļʱһ;Ȳˡ
ճԹԵѵҲ
ΣѹԽͨˡ
ҽĻճֻȫˣһ̱˵ϣĲֹͣ
ȴϥûȴһֱһһĶ˭֪ڿޣʱȴûЦ
Ҫǵİ飬ǵķӦҪ
ڣѾûΣգֻ֮Ҫԭûˡ
ϱƳֱӱͽ˶ճҲŹȥȴվˡ
״û߹ȥͽһһҵļס͵
ֺͽСһʱ򣬱ǴԹûԼӵģǿűȲԼҶӻҪҰ׵ɫ׵ĺһ۾ʲôҲ˵ˡ
Ͼϳ£ֳճʹģȴûбڵɱĶˡ


130 
˽ţճȴûһһֱŴϽϵ֣۵Ķƺ˶ǿһ㡣
СܽüûСһ￴Ǹɫ㱻ſޡ
ãһֱû޳
Сһﲻ֪ô£ҧָȦۿҲˡ
ְֹȥճŵСһ
ôһģճͻȻһ㣬ݺݵĳ˿ټŴϵĽˡ
Сһӽ軳ӹһ£ϣСְˣ˯ˣȥ
СһﶮµĵͷְַСְߣԹԵĹȥһڽϵһڣֻС첲Сְ֡
Ҳ֣µĺܣȴ˿˱ͷһᣬ̲סܡ
ƺӦһ㣬ϵ۽ëգ˼£Ȼ۾
ѣеŪ״ڶ֪ԼģֻǿԼϹͨ˫ۺͲۼļǣе֡
Ȼ֪ĸоӸʲôתͷȴԼҶӡ
ϿڣΪʲôǶ
һһҺ˻ơ
ճѸ˱ˮܶ˸
ҲûԼˣ֣ιˮ
ɤӺ˺ܶ࣬˵Ҳ˻ôˣ
ճˮݸ£ںñӡ
ǸŮ˸Ĺ֭˾ƣƾҰ͵ҽԺˡ
ճȻƽˣ뵽ոյ黹̲ס
Ŭ˺һᣬϯϷ飬Ҳһ¡
ԾƾһմãȴƫƫǸŮ˽ԭ£֭ȡ
òȣ˭֪оƾģ
ü죬ճϽתƻ⣬㲻Ҫô࣬ѾΣڣúˣʣµһҡ
ϵȷ̫ãôοգգԺ˫ۣСһ§۾˯˹ȥ
һΣ֪Ѿûˣճǳ׷ˡ
ֻڣûκ˼ȥ˽ǸҪʰ뽭ϳû֮ϣ֮ǰԼ
ʰҲ׷Ź˷ɣȷǰǼֹ˾ֱ֮һ绰飬:ǸСƹ˾ϸʧ
ճھһͷڿ񱩱Եʨӣ˾ҧصǨŭ˭ֹˣΨһһֹ˻˯ˡ
ճ绰һˣҲܻˣȥռϣһС¶Ҫ©ǮĻð졣
ԷӦһճ͹Ҷ˵绰
ڵ״̬ڿ񱩵ıԵҲȰ˵ǸŮ̫ɶҲô׷ŹȻ֪ճҪôԸȴû˸ġ
һУճּ˽ߣ֣Ҳ˵Ҳˣһļơ
һҲǰ취ҲǶʱ䣬͸ɴýȻȥˣճˡ
һǣҲǣѾΣգǼʹҲûãʱʲô£Ȼ֪ͨǡ
ǲ磬ǣʹ˶ҲõĿ㣬Ȼȥ
Ϊ·飬úõɱһͿڳŵ˻࿴˴ˣҪﶼˣǻ϶ɢˡ
ڻھƵ£˶ûһ͵ݴк뿪ˡ
Եܲټû˸ҵմܲãȥˡ
úõɱֽõ鱻ŪޱƣﴧŸֲͬɢˡ
ӾѾҪֳԱһ󼯺ϣˡ
ĻҲûǵ£Ͼûɶֲݣɢ֮ǻٴοʼԴⲿӾͼԼԵˡ
ҽԺôһڣϾήң֮˯һ磬һֱҪˣٴ˹
һһֱߣûɿطûճ˿Ҫվ
һۣһ룬סˡ
Ȳֻȷſճ֣ΪԼ
üһˬǵĽ͵Цְ趼û⣬ȡЦҲ㳢ζ𣿡
ѾԼЦ֪Ѿûˣֻ֮Ҫͺá
ץַףƣΣֻ˵Ļͦߡ
ͦˬģԺԶ໻ƣۡ
ûĸۣ
ճЦȥ𣿡
Ҫ
ճһѰ˱Ͷ㲻Ҫ


131 
˻أ豧Сһ˽Žְ֡
Žʱڴϣճ˫ץסϵ˫־ٹͷ˶ѹϡ
˽һתͷȥ
ֱӰֹˣЦŵ㣬Ÿպãճ
⻰ֱɫ죬ǽֲýֻܸͣϽ·
ճ·ȥţɫ糣Ѿոյ߾ˡ
βסЦ⣬Сһ֪ƤҲͲȤˡ
˾ͽ˴̣֪ǸŮ֪ԼҶӾƾ»ﵹƾıɱ
ҪɱӣйճҪһУĬˣȰûȰɲһɱ˷ɱ˷Ҫɱ˻ӡ
ԼСְڴһ죬ԼСһίˡ
˫ҪǽڻС̫֣ͱ
ճСһӵȻڴϣСһԶԾľĻ·ˡ
Ȼ˵СһﻹǸо˲ԾһֱӰ˽ϲˡ
ϳڴϣճ˸ͷ뿿ڴϱСһһûһµı
СһıŵˣҲˣ͹ԹԵſڽϻĸ𽥷һᾹȻ˯ȥˡ
ԭԷģ֪˯ˡ
û취ֻȳԷˡ
ɱ£˵ͲֹѸٷ󣬺ܿͱѡ
Ȼֳʿϣ֪Ͼƾ»ﵹƣⲻǹıɱ
µһʱȻƷզأҲ˽湦ʮʮȫṈ̀ˣ˷˿Ҳһѡ
Լżô˵ܿϲŹ֣ȻҪż˺
һƶ˵ģһƶ˼Ǽżģ˺ƴսֳһƬԭƣ˵Ŀ£һЩǡ
ȻھݵҲ˳
ɲǿѨ磬ʵģΪǸСڻûԺҽԺĲдĺˡ
ʵԽԽ࣬λԸ͸¶ľ鹤Աɷãˡ
鲢ï˵ƢãˣƲ˵۸ԱǹԱ
Ȼû˵ۿˣǻﻰ͸¶ĺ˼ᣬ͹˻ݣиԱֱɹֳĶƵ
ӣӶ߰һҽеŮԡ
һƵϵһΣֻճ˵һα˾ˡ
˵ĶҲ˳
ʵѾôˣԲзȻܽʲôpģǼŮŲء
һֱΪһ¼ƾŵһǣҲұǣУȺԲǽţϽ壬˵ʲôŮŲᶯһ͸ʮأ
ȶȵĸϽʲôƾȻ͸ϽȥͦʬŮȶȡ
ԭ£ճֻǴãǮѣֻû뵽ЩԲлôǷǣͲǰ⣬ֱˡ
ҺΪԭһֱûֻҪȻ֪Ҫʲô
ֻǣҰ˱ôưո𣿵ע΢ɹ˼ŲͼǱҽ˵ĲΣ֪ͨ顣
ԽϵİΪʹļ׵ĺ˵ڵµЩ˰ɣҼҰѾΣ»Ҫ⵽ǵĹµĻҪȫ𣿡
Ȼ@Щ˸ҵȻˣǸǷҰһǸҪȻĻὫá
أʱճĿ£˵ˣֻҲȫǼС˾ʱѾױ˿ռӣҲʰƺ󣬾һֱľˣҲճ˿ڣһǮ
ǣԽԽ֮ľת˿ڷ磬ͣ⴫һЩƽزͼƬһǣ˾΢¼
Ƶ׿ڳ˹ﵹƵ飬һһ䶼׿ڳϣݲõ
Ѿôʯ£ҲûԲз۳ˣ΢һӵ۹ֻʣ²ڼ֡
̫СױûһƬַС
ڿһʵַϺճ΢¸һƬȺ鼤ܣϣܹõӦеĳͷ
ϵķ˿ȴǹԼż塣


132 
Žϲע⣬ճֻߣһɫҰףһݵ˯շ΢ϡ
һʱһƬ۵еĹȥճǱַΪɶչ˺ǵİԼţһֻ蹷ҧˣ
ճ˵ɶԼҰİķ˿ֻܹԹԵǸ֤û´Ρ
ϵķ˿ŷŹ
ôһ֣ǳˣճųʱ򣬻Ѿǳ䶨ˡ
Ĺ˾΢ϿһƬʹڹעҲǺڷۡ
еѷˣֻ˵ôˣԭΪŮ֪ǸЫĳĶ
֪ˣվԭأãȻĿΧ֪Ҫô죿
˵ڰɣһڣΪһʱ߾ͲǺȥǽϣðѾƵϵֱΪ
룬ԺҲû취Ȧȥˣܶ࣬ʹȦʡã°뱲ӻݳǡ
ãճôưոݣ˺ԼˣֻﹻҪڻںһӡ
ȥСʱյп֪ͥͨͬʱҲӵ˷ԺĴƱ
ϺСԼǰ˺Щˣһݴ
Թıɱ͹˺Լ͵˰©˰ȵ/ߵķԺ
Һܿ죬ԺĴͱع˸йصĸ΢ճ˾ȺתתＸǧ
΢˹עյĺҲ׷ȡأʾûйϵƲһɶٶ֮죬̾Ϊֹ
ȡ˲˵ָǸû뵽ôõˣ˽ȴǸˡ
ۻģվߣ֤ȷ֮£һĽȻͬ顣
ͥգֱֳۿȻﵽ˾˵ǧ
ϺСһЩΪԭ棬ͥ˷ͥС
ճİ£֤ܿ챻ȫ֤ʵ֤ȷ䡣
ʦҲǱ޿ɱ磬ϾͿԭ淽ʦĭɣˡ
ıɱδ죬˺ﲢдͽ̶ʮ꣬Ȩʮ꣬⳥ԭ淽ʧѵһϵзþʮ⻹ֻǽԼĶѡ
⳥˵ļҲ١
нֻ°˰ǱߵİûУеķʱʮꡣ
ʮ꣬ʮ֮ʲôˣһӶˡ
ܻصȦǮȥЩԭ棬Ҫ͵˰ǻˣһҲˡ
ô꣬ûճʹţ
ʱ·ճճЦĺǿģŽϵĳӻ֣ͺԾǣһ·ߺá
նľճԼѾȫû˵ĽϣȻͫһ£Ȼ˾Ŀأ嵽˽ߡ
ͨһڵϣĿͷϣˣϣ۲ʶ̩ɽԭҰɣҲΪ㲻۸ġ
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һоϢýӰŲ˹λεģͲˡ
Ȼв̣ȴûжҡֻǴȥĵ֪֪ұͽңϴθݿˣ֮ͦҽԺ¡
ʣΪʲôҪԭһɱңֵ֮ˣҲʥĸֻ÷˴˸ӦĴ۶ѣ̸ʲôԭأ԰ɣ
޻˵˵˽˵ĻҲ޴ӷ
˭ȥԭһɱˣֲݵӾ磬ľʥĸŻԭɱŵءǣ
ֻǲģϾûýԭĻĽȥˣǾˣûأȥ
󣬡ϣϹûϳ𣬿дңֻҪңҴӴԺԶԶģٲǰۡ
Ȼû̧ͷֻǵ˵ֻŻңŸҵƵģ𣿡
ʱһƬңֻƺɶҽʵıᣬ̵ͷϡ
֪ҶԾƾ¹⵹ƸҺȣȷŻңûϿƾķӦȷΪҪɱң
Ԥڵͬôȥƻعıɱ
Ҫ⣬ϧ첻ˣֱӼߣϲ
±һӣȻʹһҵĿ޺ԽԶ


133 
һûֿˣýǷ׷ǹڣʱҲͥˣ˷׷ߣһЩ˻οϣǲĻǿճӣǾͲ֪ˡ
ճŽߣʶĺСߵһϹЦ⣬˿˲٣ԭ׻ˮݵĵطѾĲˣ°̺ۡ
ϵʱֻ˵ͥϵʦͻشˣʵûע⵽СֻԼһ䣬СҲսɶû塣
СճлҪճʦȥҪȻԵĿֻô׳ˣϾ治
СлһԲ죬Ҳսʲô
Сһ£漴Цҽн
ϺճͬʱһȻ̲סʧЦǼҶϱˣû˵ǻûýнϧˣǼֻкûãôҲûٴλС
ǵþͳźξȻһнŮӣһеԵ֡
ĥһ֮󣬵ûȤҵȻڻС͸ٻĳ
ɫܾϲΪԵʣʱʧȥ˹Ϊԭ˾ҲѾˣĺͬҲûˡ
һֱҽԺʲôûˣۿҵûзˣϵֱǾĸľܲץס
һֱͷһΪ˵ģϾôá
ʧЦ˺ãҲһͳΪ˰ˣȥ绪ֹ˾ɣһǰкġ
͹Ƶĵͷæ˳ȥԶԶĻǻִк
һЦЯߡ
ճڴϹŽϵҲһʼıŤڵ̹Ȼ˶иڣϰ˾ͺá
ûŻȥһѹ·һ죬ǲĩоҪӳ˰ɡ
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һҲעһЩҲϡ
ϲ޵ǵĵ
ճͷ˿ڣģ϶û⣬ҲûʲôΥݣսҲϸҪѪࡣ
˵ճ뷭ۣ֪ɶôڴƬѪһƬΪɶǼˣͻԼҵƷҪϸ˫ء
˾ʼָֻһֱҽԺû취Ϊȥϡ
ĵǣճο
İɱȻ㲻ΪȥذɣҽԺʱϹҾѾʼˡ
ټϵӾһŵݼ֪ϲȥ
Һ⻰û˵ҪȻƽϵ
ΪǱ˲һֲճ
Ժ˼ң֮ûסãȥϷҽԺ
صſڣͷǰıпڻˣԼҶûסΣǵġ
ճʧЦ̧ͷԺǼˣͱпˣһֱҲܲˡʲôʱﲻ𣿡
ЦЦһ˽ȥ
ոսûãʦͱķӭ΢Цӭ
ЦЦȻǵ㲻ûˣһˡ
鱻֮Ҳһ鳾ˡ
ڳ˵Ӿ֮⣬ƺҲû飬˾һ֮˽һںڡơӳ
Żʱ䣬Ͻ΢ȥһ̬ȴķ΢ķ˿Ȼǵ˹ʮʲôʱǵģô֪
һɻճļ¿ֻĲӴ˹˳ڿһڣôˣ
ӣǺЦ֣΢ôǷˡ
Чﵽˡճȷĵ
ǵصĸԼұڸվƵƣϱ˲ڣһֱҽԺЧʵ̫ãӲǵ˶ʮķ˿еЧġ
ңûԺڼ䣬΢ճģոտûõ΢Żˣ΢ž
΢Ŷ̬࣬ǷҽԺڼһЩ飬˿һƽ
üҺûڼĳոȥҪȻɡ
ûٷ˿ҲҪԼӸǿϾ
ֻǣһΪɶΪܲõճ˿Ҫ࣬ȻѾﵽ˽һˣЩ˿൱һˡ
ʲôҪȻΪɶзۡ
˳Լֻȥ΢ʵҲûɶľһЩ˵Ļ͵µķ˿ѣͦƵġ


134 
·ĻԻĵĻԼ΢һֵҲע˹ȥճҪԼĸƬ²Լĵ֮ʮȽǡ
Ϸ˷ȷǱĺÿˡԼ΢һԵճ¿ޣմܲãգ֮죬ȻԼҰӦóţҪֽա
һı顣
ۣô
Ȼַ˷СϹҡķ˿ʾͼƬƺԼƺе㣬һѾ
ճҲ󷽣󷽷ɹ˲ĵգлһţվڻǵһ֧ʵĿԶ
ڱ黯֮£ֻĿ˳Ľë̵ͦıӣλá
գգ۾ʲôʱյģôûӡ
ճȻɻЦŽ͵ǵǳûõʱǸʱûСأǲ֮ĵġ
üԭô͵ԼˣǸβǡ
·е˴Ȥմܲã㵹󷽣Լװ˵ƬҲ
ճɶǿüҲţһ˵ģ͸Щļһ㸣ɡ
⻰˵꣬һƬ˷׷ױҪ
еķһѿͼƬǱ΢ֶˡ
ԼĽζģһ߿һЦܾճµ΢µлˡ
µķ˿ǺԼµķ˿һҪĶ࣬˵ҲǹͿ佱Ļȷûճ֡
ֻǷŷţͷһ۱ζˣΪɶԭƬ˿ʼճҪ绰ˣ
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ճûбķ˿ػ㻹֪֮ͦģŲܻӭҼǲŽһɰ
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һУֳˣܣ㲻ҽϺͱ˹˲Ҿ;Բᣬ֮һؼڼӡ
һͼͼкϺһ˹Ǹҵܵܣ
ۣ⻰ôԽԽԣΪɶÿζҪԼϣԼĸ߹
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ճüһ壬Լֻ˷˷˺öۣȫǱͽԼģôġ
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˲ûнʵ֤ҲvipûԼ֣Ϊϵӡ
˳ipַԱܿҵˣע˺ܶСţҲûɱģרȥڮ罭ϣƺгһ
ЩΪ󣬾Ͳ֪ǵĶС
Ҫ֪ʱۿ׻һ˵ģ˺ҥԣǿ׻ٵһ˵
ˣճĲŹ֣˵ĻԼš
ȻΪˣ͸ýܸۺۣھ۹£Ǳⲻ˵ġ
ǣҲȨܾǵҥԺڮ٣Ϊ֮ǰǸˣҲˣѹ
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ûԳ棬ֻù˾˾溯Ȼ󰵵ﶯ֡
֪ʲô˳׵伣ˣģϺճûȥģˡ
ճûôɱ˵ġ
ֻȥ˻ճһߵʱǸŮ˴ţҽƣҽƣܵˣ˭Ҷ
ץ˵˲ɣǷ񾭲
ճü˵ôе졣
ˣӦ޹ؽҪˣôǲסҼʹҪҲԱȲԼұԼұ˭ȥһ


135 
߽˳˾֮ƵһֹŽȥúһӣϾΪϷѾӽüûˡ
е䣬˾ͷеĵ棬°ͣԼһĵôˣüģţŲóҪȻǻһң
Ǵ˿ĲһΪǼ꣬Ĳɫ˵ȻҲóԡ
ȻϣõĸǸϲģʲôʻ֮ģǽУûϹ
ҡҡͷóԡҧҧ촽̧ۿһۣƺеֹ
˾תһȦǵҸ磿ģݼܺã¡
ҡͷҵȻ֪Ҹ˵ȥ
˾΢ǣţ
ɶ㵣ʲô˵㲻˵Ҳ֪
˾ͶԽĶҳƺһʼִӣܲס˾ģÿμôС
ʱһãͶˣоͽаɣֲٿ⣬̫֮⡣
һᣬƺڹǵǱߡϿͬһԼҸĸô˵վټ
˾ȴЦˣ㲻õȷһ֮ҾѾ˵ˣԣ˵ؼ￴
ŵ̧ͷοңһ˼룬Ҫת仹ͦѵġ
˾ˣ˳ͳֻ¼һ¼󣬸պ塣
裬Ұһкӣ顣˾ͣû뵽ôֱףе
ȷĸùˣܿ㣬ǲϹˣһͦεŮȷĵʵ
⣬ӽűۡˡ
裬ӲѽɶϹ˾ͿЦõ
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֮û˾ͻػʱ䣬ԹԵĵУҪ˵һòиϱˣ׼ȥ
ƺվҪߣ
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Ȼŵͣˣܹû׷㻹˵ϻɶӣ˸Ҵ
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˾ͽסˣȷеǿݣͦ١
һĲ֪ҪԼôͣͷͲַˡ
Ҳеۣס֣ˣɽǰ·˳ȻɣǱ˵ʵһû׼ǽʱҲһһʱ׼
˾ͻסĵ֣۾ֱֱĶĸο£ң֪ǲ˵ˣǻû湻أҴ湻ˣȥǡ
Ǹʱе鶼Ѿ䶨Ҳ½ˡ
ǸʱͿ԰ȵĺͽ֤ˡ
Ǹʱ򣬶ԼҲˣǱҲɶˣûɶ֮ˡ
ѡİⳡ̸ת˿Ҹ¾ʲôʱ򲥰
ôҪ𣿡˾ͼԼδɵĳԷҵ
ţҸݵģȻҪǰappϳǮںݵģǮҲҪ
˾ü㶼Դ׵Һ§§ģ
ûİһۣҸ綼ԱǲϷҪȻ⣬ҪǴδζԴףһᱻ׸
˵ˣ˲ҵûϷȻŲֲϷҲŻô죿
˾ͿίС񣬾ĶˣҲģΧôˣֱͷ׼꣬ȥ


136 
Թһͣ˾͵ݣֿߵģý߻ᱻ·ع֮ġ
˾ƺûǣ˵ع֮Ĺϵȫûµá
˽ͳߣȫ˼Χ˵ߡ
ϻҵĶֲǼˣڵġ
˵ˣҪͶһӵģҪһһ㣬ûʲô
ǰľİɣֲǼˡ
Ȼ˼ץԼ֣޵ǵĵôûӰ𣿡
ǾŮѳ˫ԣҲûι
Ҳ֪ԣҵķ˿ûûѷ۵ģֵĲ²⣬Ůദá
ֻ¾Բ֪ܶҪȻ⻹ûϳ͵´ˣĻڴµġ
ҶĶã̫ˣŪҲ˼ϴȻץģҲ֪һʱ֮仹ǲ̫֮ܽĹϵҲˡ
׼ˣٶ֮ĹϵκεĹǣǸʱͿԷĵİСó¶ˡ
֪Ĵأڣأ޲Ӥһһ
ôʱˣǵ㲻ȷҲ˾͵𽥸ƽˡ
ʼţǣֵˣһӣ֣మһӡ
Լճһһֱϡ
İɣֲЩǣ͵ǧԱЩ𡣡˾ֽ˽һǶ衣
˵ˣḻʷҵķ˿ϰˣĻ˶ԶԷ˾֮⣬ĹɶⶼûС
ֻ⻰ԲܸԼԳԲ˶ߡ
ﻹֹǧʷͼбһۣĵҲԣĳʷḻķ˿Ƕ߲ˡ
˾⡱һڣ֪Ҫ⡣
ȻҵĶܽ⣬øϽ壬ҪǺ岻ã͵ɡ
Ȼûſ֣ɫҲÿȡ֣ǶȥЩʷи
ȥûס˵СҲã˵ҲãǲˣֱӰ˾˦ˡ
˾ͻûӦİ˦ˣԼһ˹ȥһˣ
ﱾͿռ䲻ٶܶ㵽ȥ
˾еɵԼ˶𣿽ôһֱûԼܰ죬ôͻȻôˣ
˼⣬Ҳ֪ԣϽȥ塣
֮ǰЩŮǻϲҪ壬ŮˣûķŽȥǸ֣ͻǮ㶫
ЩŮʵҸ֣ҲװģΪ֣ͷǵ˾;ͻǣӦ֡
ԣΪ˶ҲԸһ֣Ҳܿͺþˡ
ǿɲֵĴˣҪȻ˾ͻ嶼壬һŰˡ
ǿûǸĳ˾ͰķϡǲŲҲ̫ôߡ
ԣ˾Ȼʷḻȴǳȫ֪ұΪκö˶˵ľˣողǻúõ
Ȼ֪Ϊɶ϶Ĵܱģ֮Ⱥ˵
ݵط׾һץԼСˣôˣˣҺ㲻˵Ҳ֪
ǰûˣ׷˶ǿӰԸ֮ģżС֮ģҲͨûɶ
彭һǸкӣȷеѰ죿
ץģ֪Ӧô죿ңԼұԭҲδ֪
Ȼ֪ϴͶˣһǲġ
ǣ˾ڵ˿û˼滹ˡ
Ӧ˵˾̫أ̫бʶأȻûӵȥͱ˷ϡ
û߳Ƶ꣬һƵ˲䱻ͷȶȲ
˾һֱţǰЩŮ֮佻ʱҲûܻ䡣
ǸţԲѷۣԸں㣬ҲûȥֹǹܹעҲ淴Ӧڻ
Ҫû˹עжûУҪһԼǰ;أ
ڲʱĿǰҪǸԼұΪɶȻñģʱڿǷΧ֮ڡ
ˣݸոյһ¥һקס֣˵ͣʲô£ԼԼɲƽױЩ˿֡
ȻںֱŤҲ֪ÿ˵Ժǹ˳ı˳


137 
⿪һ··ϣѾϰ˾ŵˣµò̫
Ⱥ̵Ƶʱ˾תͷȻĹĵŤͷų⡣
ˣ֪ô尡ͷͷ
˳źӾüۣȻ̵ˣǰߣֺӾĽ͵
ﶨˣһתװ˿һѽ㲻˵Ҳ֪ˡ
ǵһôſſӾС飬Ȥ
Լû¸Ż
ƫ֪ϻˣһ飬͡һ̲סЦˣҲˣѵá
ֻЦ֮Ȼ첻˾ϲЧǼװ
ţˣ㲻˵Ϲ²ΪʲôϹòã˵ˣҲܸѽ
ԳϹ̲סۣͷ˭ţҪ
ǰ̺ͬĴ˾׵
˵ôãǺһμʱԼһ֮⣬ûеóѹ
Ȼѭ򽥽ȵʱͿΪΪˡ
ѾȲˣյϢɡ
ȳӿС¥棬˾ͣóոմ򿪳ͱ˾˹ȥ
ûʣҪ˾׵Ǿѹżкȡ
һûӦͱ˸š
۾ɵĿǰ۾ǵ˾ס
˾׷ſЦĿԲ۾ǵĵ˵ıӣСӣʱҪ۾ϡ
ƺԼҵ˵һμʱǵһʽǡ
˾׺ÿЦݣҲ˲øոջˣ˾׵ḧԹԵı۾
˵촽һ
˾׸һܶǣֱý
˾׿Ǹи֣ḻһжǸĽֵ
˾ֵıԶͶͱˣڻޱȳ죬ͲɵЦˡ
عͷԼſ˾׻˾Nɪ
ΪǶߺӣȴһ
һĵ:ôȻǰûɣ
˾ˣȻͻˣøϽ尡ˣұһ֮ˣ޵ĵطûС
ֻǣҪô壬˵κﶼûɶð
ҶҲЩŮˣ㶫ˡ
˾ǼľͲץָ췢ˡ
ǲǰûҪ֪㣬ҲŲôŮء
һۣŲš
˾׾Ϳʼˣˣʵ Ҳ㡣
ĪĿǲ˵ǵôֱˣ
飬ôŮ˶ҵģüһ壬ŭ
˾һѰ˰
ɲһ㣬һ㣬ҾֻܼȥֱҵΪֹ
ⲻĻЦˣȻֺݺݸһӣʹֵ:ԼôŮҽڡ˵ҪңеģôһŮˣԼģʲôڡ
˵˾Ҫܡ
ʱˣԺ׷ˡ
ǣ˾Ҳ˲Լʹĸİ˿۽ ȭߵҲɿ
Բ𣬶ҵĴҲôŮˣұ֤Һ֮䲢ûи飬ֻǸȡ衣
ֻһˣҲֻһˡ
Ҫ֪㣬ԲȥЩŮ˵ģҴˣҲҪԭң㲻ҪҺòã
˾»ıҲһֱϸĺֵǸһѵı֤
Խ壬Խί
е׽ƽϣ׳Դףɵ
Ȼ֪Լ̬ԣɽһʱţǼ⣬겻ˡ
ڽ˾׵ʱ򣬾Ӧ֪˾ףҲ൱ڽĹȥ
ĹȥжңֻôȥΪ˾׵Ĺȥû취ȥҲ벻ȥ
˾˵ģҪ֪Ҳô Ȼֻ档
ǷӦң˾׺ЩŮѾ׶ϵҪȻʱ̵˾׻£ҪЩ
ԽԽߣҲԽ˾ײ˳ۡ
Ҫȡ֣ЩʷѾˣЩ֮ŮˣҲѾȥܣȥˡ
ΪѾܴˣԸףˣˣСƢ
ǣʹ˰ͷҲصĿ¥֮һ䣬ʱڣҲ뿴㡣
˾ɵˣ


138 
˾ԭشΣȻͻȻӦһίͰ͵ıϥǶ
ҶˣȻûи֣ҲҪˡ
˾׺Ҹطһ٣˵һԼίǣҲ֪ĸˣ绰ճ
ճںұأǵĳμյĵļա
ճòװСһ˯ˣȲĶĸԼ֪ͣв۵Ļ쵰š
һ绰룬˾ףճһڣҲʲô£ֱӹҵ绰
˾׹ƱĴˣһײ˼˽ǿһִ˹
ճֹҵ˾ִճֹҵ
ظ˼Σϲ˲ԣµ棬ֵʵ˭ĵ绰ôѽһǹ˾мأӰɡ
ճĥĥ˾ϣ¡
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ճһº룬ǹ˾˾ס
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ϱ˸ɻбأǵġ
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ǿʮˣҪ˲ͣĴ绰ɧͶԼᣬԻըΡ
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Уǽ⣬Ȼ֪ԼСˣǹȥԼǵ
ôţҲˣͷһŤ˶ԭأһˡ
ʱ뿴ôߡ
ֱӻңѾҪŵˣҲܵǸŵˣԼֻˢˢˢ
ˢˢžˢţȻ̲ס˽ȥ
ȻǰԻҪġ
ѵһǡݼ
ڶǡĩУ㡣
ǡء
һĩеͷˢ˼ôֱʣòɣǸֱʡ
ͷԼµĵô˵ģĿڣƾиҲᱻûһ
ǵɶû缯Ҳ֪ݣΪĵ˽ȥ
һƵǽϵмϷһΣñߵ˾װǸ
ȤҲȻܣһӻˣûŵнɫתȳ˾侵ͷºƵģ¡
ĩкͽһߵǰ׵ĺˣ


139 
ϵߺ첻ͻȻǺԼϹæƣϽϱݼߺ첻⡣
ؼϲŻšĩСĲ
΢Ŀǰ˿ÿ춼ǣǸոշкһ㣬ӹע˳ֱĿǰ˿Ѿǧ򣬻мơ
ڴǸĬĬŵС͸һԾעȶʼˡ
ڵһߣճţҲֻʱˡ
ԺôǸʱ˵ɡ
ĿǰںԼء
˺òװСһﶪĸи磬һضܴǡ
ͣճȥѹ·ԱڵӰԺ￴Ӱϲǣ֣ʹʲôҲɣҲ˵һ·ޱȵĿˡ
һ֣һЯߵĵϵĸоϲ
ֻڱϾˣѹ·̫ʵʹʵ仹䣬ȻãҲȲڵů
(? _ ?)֧(? _ ?)
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̧ӣӣǣճ̾Ϳˡ
ıͷе㵣ĵʵĻǻȥɣҪȻðˣͲˡ
ҡͷ˦˦ǣһ֣ѵõԣҪȥѵСһﱻүסˣи磬ûңѹ·ҲãҪȥ
ճһۣţǲԼұʱ̫ˣҲԣǴʶˮɣȷϵ֮Сһͽ硣
һʼ˶û飬ֺǱֵĲ죬ʹнԶָҲæҵġ
ӳôˣճܱ¶ݵ£Ҫæ⣬˵ʵǶ֮ʵĲࡣ
˵ʲôԼˣŸСƨԼᣬͥ۲͡
ճȭ˼Ҷ׷ţҲû׷ˮɵľһˡ
˵Լˣǵһʱ䶼٣˶ܹ׷Ḷ́ΨûС
ǣ¶ģ׷һΣҪóԷӰҪȥǷŵҪ롣
ֻǲڣҲ忪Ц
һ㣬ȥĶ㣬̫䣬ǽȥҵǰɣٱȴ·ů
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Ҳ˷ӣͽھӣǱϾ壬һֱסһֻǱ߻ûװ꣬סڵܼܵҡ
˾׾ǿ˾һֱ˹ȥ
ȥҿôˣΪɶúԼŻͲˣ˵۰Ͱ͵ĿͲ޳ˡ
ǱǸĳƺһ£ֱıȡõ
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˾Ҳܲôˣʹͷͷܹܲܣܻȥһɣ
ȥһ˯£űڿϲҸ˾ݵ硣
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֮䶯ˮϷɾ䣬֮Ӽ续ȴҲ˲㼵ģֻ͵۹ȥˡ
ĻϣһֻɥʬϮۿצҪǰܣһ˲䣬˾׾ߣİһͶ˹Ȼ˾׵֣һױܿ˹
ƺɶһֱĽȻ۸ʮ赸
Ĭһᣬһ٣ƺ˼ֻֽӵ˾ôˣǵˣ´磿
˾ڵ´磬һһˣһгȥ治װʲôȥ
ʧЦǵҵܵˣôҪ治Ը⣬ͺ֣ԼǱҲôϲ˾ס
ô˵Ͻ˾ױ⣬ûУûңҵŷ


140 
ôˣ֪ԼҵܵܵģܿʵһˣԲԵ޹ʵȥ˾
̱ɳϣ䣬ʵҲǱģǰһŮѾ֪ľ͸ˡ
һƺܵܵԴңʱ򣬾Ӧ֪ǰһŮѣ˵Ƕǰ˰ɣԴҲˡ
Ȼ¶ĺ˼ҽͲҪںĹȥȻôںŲͲҪ˼ҽ
ԼûɶţǼ⣿֮ǰкüŮأ˵ʲôûаɣΪҵģȥҿԲںδҵģ
ֻҪ׼һ㣬ȥǾǸƨȻ˼ҽҪѧݣѾ͹ȥˣֻԼһˣ㻹Ҫʲô
ƣԼǱŤȥǵ
ɴߣʵǹȥǵǲɣֻǸ棬Ȼ뿪ˣֺǰһ滨ģ𣿡
Ĭ˺þãõΪشˣŵͷǣԱǰŮǣҸֻһʱ
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һʱֻеϹȻ˾׵ݷڶһ
ԲҺĲԲȻ֪ҷģ㻹ǻỳɣҲ֪ҪôĻɣ
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ۼ˾ԽԽһԼֻ˵ɣʲô£ǵ̸Ȼҵ绰ˡ
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һץͶ˦˹ȥѸٵһܵ¥Ϲš
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˾Ͳ֪ҪôֻܲͣһһĵǸ
Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
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ǰճ׼ϱԼĴûҲдο¼ΪԼǾʹϼӴ
ȥ飬̧˫һʱ⣬ԼСӵ۾˾͵ʧˡ
ֱ˽촽ԽԽҲʼʵ˳·˽ȥ
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㷴һµģǺܿͱ˾ˣĳȥ
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141 
һʼе£Ȼ˺ð죬һĻϵ顣
һסԼڸ˾Ż֮Ϊɶȥˣ
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һŭʹƾɶۣ˾;ˬһûƵģƽ
ǣһߣˡһ°ߵ˵ϡ
ôһصڵϣľͷҲˣο˾ͻľͷء
ѹе£㲻״ΪɶԼö˶˵ڴϣȴڵˣ
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˾͸ոհ˸ˣּϱܣɫÿȻϱԼˡ
ϾıѾռˣ߼ɶϱһٶû¡
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Ҳۣ㱿
˾ͱָʹתȴǹһЦɵӣޱӡ
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˾ۼֿŶ˹ȥͷءһſϡ
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ľ߲ȥˣҪֳͷȥ˾͸Ͻһ̵ˡ
ϵĽļƤ񣬴˸֪˾ôģ
ֱڵëͷСӣ޲һֱһ𣬲Ҫֿźá
Ϊĵѣ˾Ϳųȥ˾ȫǣСȿͻȥˣԼֿϳǱĵܡ
Ҳ鷳Ҳ˲ԼҲһûԣܺõһߺŸ裬һ߿
˿ڹǧõطжȻܵ죬һһأʱҲ̡
Ҫȫˣƿֱӳ극ˡ
ҲûͣǶ׽ŪԼ׽ŪɹһŻզ죿
˿ԼѾʼū˾̡
ˣСƢֱŤǷ֮ȤȻҪˡ
ҶĹĵıԼҪɰжɰûУ
˾죬ұĶһҵƣǸСԻ϶ϲ
ô࣬ԱЦһ䣬˾ô࣬ԼԵ𣿡
ԭΪ˾ͻ˵ģϾ֮ǰȻܵġ
֪˾Ӱһϲ̵ӣǺεЦ⣬ҼǸϲʳֺˣġ
Աе£ֻһ䣬ȴһ칷
֪˾ŮһѣȻһһ⣬ǸˣɴûΪ˺ĸŮԵģ
һģԹϵϲɫǸ˶ܿĳڵëͷСӡ
ԲԱһ߸һЦʣĸŮôиۣԣ
˾ֻɨ룬һߺ죬ŮӣеģܿɰкӣҴ֤ء
˾ڰͲȫ綼֪ˣٹһ£׶£ͲСԼˡ
һԵСǣȴϹһڹڳϱֵôˣôأ
޲Լϳѣµȫ¶֪
ЩְĹǣǿ챨
˾ͼץӸΣȴƫƫãҪű˱ϣһףûڴǰȨ˭ɡ
ˣ¹ʾʹ󷽷˵±˲֪Ƶģ
˾֮󣬷Աһ±״̬˾ӰɶʱϲСкˣһֱϲŮȻֵҲܿˣ


142 
˾ͻ·ϵʱ򣬽ŻʹԣʼԶ
һʱ򣬵绰죬ֽҲû˭
һ绰ʹһŮģ͸һӵ
ιǽ𣿡
ÿӵһ٣Ŭ˼ԼʶʲôŮ𣿼ӦûС
δ˵Сʵǡ
˾͵ǰŮѣҽг½࣬𣿡
ɫѿǰŮѣ컹Ϊ¸˾ֲ죬˾ͻ˵ϸɾˣɶ˼Ҷˡ
ǣҲˣ˵е壬ȻǰŮѣҸ㲻Ӧȥ𣿡
˵ʲôֵĻһ濪ʼᣬֻǡֻǲĶѣô˵־ͷֻ֣ȷһ£㰮𣿡
뷭ۣƨ£㶼˵ˣڻNɪɶ
λС㣬ǲǹ̫ܵˣ֮黹ֲġǸ˻˶
޵ĸˣ֪ûʸܣҾǷŲֻʣгԷ𣿱Ͼ̫æԶȣθ
ֻ뿪ԼֻһֻӬһġ
Ҷֻһ룬ְ˼ʼ¼Լһ˶ģҪĵ˾һ
Ů˻ڿߣΰ˾ֵͣģ޸˾ͣ˾Ǹĺᡣ
ֻһߣҲ˵ʲô
ֻǣϻðСոջθںܺãʱȴһҲԲˣܾöġ
죬ջһ˦ӣˡ
Ů˶˰죬ҪĴʲôܳԵȥ
Ů˶˰ˣһֱװƽĿľ˵ʱͻȻһת˵Ŀġ
ܵܣҪǲҿԹȥźǣʹֻǴɨ㵱ķá
Ҳֻ࣬ҪԶԶٿһ۾ͺãˡ
Ц⻰˵˰ɨķģѾڽϵܵˡ
Ǵһͷʲô
˵Ҳˣֱӹҵ绰Щ㹻ˣ㹻˾ͺһˡ
ֻǣػ˾͵ʲô˾͵ôģϹϹϹ
ﾡܡ๾ࡱһƬȴһθڶûˣֻöġ
Ȼ˾һʱҪЩ£֮ŷ֣ûԼôȣ˶ľǼʣðѵһǰŮѼңһȫ
ǷᣬҲֻˡ
Լ׵ϣҲԼĶӣ۾ԹԷһ￴컨塣
˾͵˽£ֶˣҲ˵硣
Ȼ֪˵֮󣬺׾ͱճˣǲ˵ˡ
˾͵ӡѾ㹻ˣ˵ȥŶˡ
һֱɵ˾ͻ
˾ͱͦĵģϾһֱФʵˣܲĲй
һѳԵ¥ʱЦģ뵽Լ˸ǡ
ֻǣһ;üղԣϷֻ˼ڵʳһҧһİӻ棬Ѿʧȥ
ԭǸСԻĶ١
Ҫûд򶷵ĺۼҲĺúõģ˾ͻΪˡ
˾ͷĶҵһȦҵǷ״Ľ
˾˿Ц߹ȥҰҪ˺óԵģԵ㣬ҪȻˡ
֪ĻҲû࿪ģǷ˸ۣģԣġ
˾Ϊڵĺˣ۴ˣЦҪȻҰѶùڴϳԣ
ȻץͷͶȥ˵ҶģģҿͳԲ·ҹ
˾⡱һӣ֮ǰúõҶ׽ŪԼôһ֮ˣ
ôˣңʲôҰҸġ
ո˵ҲֻѣϾǰŮ̫࣬˭֪Ժ󻹻᲻£뵽Ͷġ
һ¶ı飬Ҳ֪Ǹɶζֻ˦㿪һ¼
˾֪Ŀ룬ͬģҲ֪ģȻֻҲһŵ֤
˾ɻĿ¼洫½ͽĶԻ
˾ԽɫԽѿֱڳ˹ס
룬ŪԼұΪʲôôӦˣҪǻԼҲġ


143 
֪ԼұĵԭҲ֪ƽ첻뿴ԼĳĬһ֮˾Ͳֿڡ
ȻȥҲ𲻿ˣ˾Ƕˣ˵ʲôǳ룬Ҫ֮绰Ͱںˡ
ģϻȥ£㱻㣬ֹҲǡ
תתȴû˾͡
˾ͳĬһᣬףȥǵóԷʹҲԼ
ΪɶӦ˾ͣȴ˽һġš
˾˿ҽҪӦƣˡ
ֶһ£úóԷ˾Ͳſ뿪
ֳֻúƣ˵ﲻһִѹָС
һʱûֻ̧ͷŽڵС¥
ʹų磬һ̣ͿʼϴĮһȣȥ
ЩŮˣǾ۸԰ɣ鷳ҪȻԼұϣ
˾ʹŭˣȴڴͦʬ
հһƬɶҲ벻ȴǵ˾ͶҪúóԷ
Ȼˣɵű˵ĴͷԼʹ绰Ǿ˾͵⣬ƨ£
ҪԳԺȺȣЩ¶Ժȥ
뵽һԾ˵ԣ̻ʵĳ
ҪΪʳŬĳԳԳԡ
ò˵˾Ķܺθڣһ㣬Ǹһ㣬ͳԱˡ
ԼĶӣɳϣԱãȻеˡ
ǳֲ֪֮ˣ룬ȥ˾ˣҴֱӰ˶ȥֹ˾㻺ʱ䶼ûУڻеûӦȥɡ
ϧעܰȵĹƽʱŬķֹ˾ܲôˣʧ󣬿һɻ
˾զˣ̸ô겻ģǱˣ
ǲ֪ɶ뷨ģһݴĵϾԷŴһԵ˰СʱˣΣˣһ˵ɡ
һȹļǴԼıӡ
˼ȫڹϣƵƵҧгˡ
Ͳȥҡӣһˡ
ò׵°࣬һֱ״̬Ľ
ڳʱֱײ˲ϣԴ
ͷۣۿôȥԾһ绰ճ
ճɹչ˾ģȻճĵ绰
ճڿУӵĵ绰Ҳֵͦģÿ㱨ǿ޽ĻһһµһΣôʱ绰
˽ı֣һ绰ԼװˣȻԼҵܵܣȻѯɶĻǵԼҸ
Ȼд磬Ҳ֤Ҫ׽һˣʵĻԲ˵ġ
һ֪Ժ˾Ѳ˹ϵϾһĴ󣬻˵ʡ
ϲôҲܿͺãԼܾá
ǳ𣬼ʹǱҲ㣬ĳ̫á
˰ɣܰԼȴת۾ֺ㹴ˡ
Ǻػǲأ
ҲΪǳгܿˣʧǣĹ˳˾Ͳ롣
ֻǣй˾͵ȥܣԼұż񣬻Լұһ£磬ȻǼٵģҲܲסζ
Լұôֻܼ˾ˣȻ˽ǾԼȥûС
ճС۵ţҶ˵绰ᡣ
»ϵһϰΪӣܲôԴӽ֮󣬾Ҳǹˡ
ǰʱе绰۵ɱ㣬ֱ㲻ҽ绰ˣżᡣ
Ȼһ١
أԴ˰֮˶ʹ·˴绰Ҳʾ˼Ƚٽһأ
ԣʹ֪ܵİǸеģҲǶĸм֮ġ
ޱ֧һǰѹһСľЦſ۹㹤ʵĶħ˾ζ
ƶˣżиЦ⣬乫˾Ĵ򹤵Ķ˳
лллϷ˰
Щ߹ܵϷϽ绰˾ȥԼȥС¥˳СܣҲźˡ
СƳȻڣȴѾˣϿģְûмգôˡ
ճԼұɶ£Ȼ¹侲һ˵ҲʺԼרƸһ˾


144 
һ·¥£ǣСһ־ȥ塣
ϵͨ˭
ʧЦܵһ⿪ʵģôʱ浽ʱ򣬾˵ˡ
Сܣ磬Сˡ
˹ˣţ磬գˮԲ۾ԼСֶӡ
һίͷŭ˲׵Ժһ˹ȥСӱȿڣ˽ȥˡ
һʱ˳ĲˣǴˡ
ҵܵԣôܷԼһڼҡ
ڲҲȥڣһ۵ģǹӷۺɫ˸ɴ岻ȥ
֮䵹ͦƽ˳ͺͨûʲô𣬳ԷԼῴӰһϷ֮ģ˾ͺСôನۡ
˼ڣҲû÷ֿ޸
˵𷽿ǰޣʹͽһˣҲûκǸ޵ëһԲϾ͵ӣֻǰŮ˸ܰˣҲûģ޵ĸˡ
˳ţ޼ɵˡ
βȥרעԼСܡ
Сܶȥ棬ӣæˡ
ҳ裬ֻֻܵ·棬ҪľҪľԡ
ǳպڶ˷棬ܳˣóڰ
˺ܴΨô̶ѧᡣ
ǰȥԼסôԷ߶˻ˣҲûԡ
Լ̳ͽܣ˾׷ԼСܺ󣬵֪ԼȥѧģǼҳ˶ѡ
ȻζͨҲȷԼСǿˡ
ϻ˾ͦĵģһүֻбźķݣȴΪϴһͺܲˡ
˾͹һڽǰ¶
ʵǽճĹ⣬ڽϵ֪Ϊˣݶ߹Ǯ˼ңҾǺˡ
Ȼֽ˵УôҲǰôˡ
Ҫټ͵Űɡ
һӺòˣߣСܣԷĶǽϲԵģǸõģȻϲԵġ
һûժΧȹ߹ȥһۣڵذˣЦֽУȻϵĺ
ҿܵǿĵӣϻܵ
ЦһСֶӶֳһţĿԾˡ
ٲԷˣֻĿĵļһкԷˣٲˡ
˻һ˫ܽϴȥˡ
ϺЦҡҡͷû
ҪȻˣҪˡ
ϣûһ𣬶ǺС˾һ׵İԼСְ˸ס
ϹίĸԼұ֣ͷĶϹ˹ǵСһһЦ
Ц֮󣬻ޱȼᶨԼСְ֣Ͷ뵽С˾˵Ļ
һ϶ԽϰѽϸЦˣûġ
˴һҼһӲˣҸһ⣬˰ѱ˴˵ģչĹĵģСһܿɰ
ֻСһոѧÿûãס˲ˣֵˣͨиβܳɹһΡ
ҪԾԶԼȴƫƫƶԼȥвˣȻ˲˻ԣС˾˳ԡ
С˾Ҳӣÿβ˶٣ĵĳȥȻرһӲˡ
ιι㣬Ĳֺ
ôѶԷιˣԳˡ
ɳŶͦʬãĽһЦ
ˢ룬ߵɳָ˴ȣ˵ڹ˾Ƿһ죬ôˣ
ɻΪɶڹ˾ıֻᱻԼҴ֪Ѹɹˣ
תһ룬֪ˣЭģԼ̫ŵԲŴ绰㱨һ°ɡ
ȻԼҸˡ
ƽ̯ɳϣΣϢҲ̫ͨ˵ɣ
ЦŵĶͷҲǹ㣬Ҫˣ˭ںô
ģ֪
أ㵽ΪɶǷѽóԵҲˣҲοˣɲԸ˵˵
Ʋ죬㰲οҼұֶӡ
˭ο㣬ο˲𣿡˳
ձһ飬Ĺĵģǿɰ
ҲûĿ֣ʵҲʲô£˾׵ǰŮѴ绰˵һеûãʹ죬ͺ˾ֱŤˡ
üΪɶǰŮѵ绰ǵĹϵû⹫Уôĵ绰룿


145 
Ʋ죬զ֪ίͰ͵ģܿ
Ӱ˵ɶ𣿡ϰСһﱧԼС˾ꡣ
˵ҺúóԷȻ˵ܿͻᴦұġ
㻹ǷɶҲ岻֣ͽ¡
죬ⲻǾ𣬾ͺŻ£ʵҲ֪Ĵ
üȻŶ¼СŤȤ¡
ճôˣû죬ʹ볳ճҲ
һ˵ĶǶԵģ˵ҲǶԵġ
˳޷ģ˼ˣȡһ¶С
ͦãϲԼҲϲȻܱ˵û˵ճӡ
Ȼճ⣬Ҳ͸ˡ
и˵ദʽͽǲͲһ
һۣʲôСȤ˾ĳܺ𣿡

ϰ˲ţܻͲҿҲûСֱ֮Ť𣿡
Ťͷ
ϹȥգȤ˵ǰһԲýߣʵڲУҲߡ
һȥϻһ˳Сܣڼֿˡ
˾ͿŽʱӭͱˤһˣΪѾزˡ
ӵЦСӵļ֪ˣˡ
˾ͰĶ£ЬϢ߹ȥѾˣűëҷɡ
ֵĲɿ
ЦһɨЦĸãñ鲻õ˾һɨ⣬ҲŲЦ
ֳһŵļһͣˢˢתͷȥſڡ
Ϳ˾רעĶŽߣô磬۵׵ᶼҪˡ
һӺˡ
ϺСܶһۣͷûǿˣ֮黹Լɡ
¥˾أֱˣǱҲû¹ҹ
ˣҴ׸׻Լ
ǻؼҵʱҲѾӽϰ˾ŵˣСܶʼ۾ˡ
ؼҵʱճû˯ɳϣһߴһߵ˻ؼҡ
ҸĸѾϼˣﲻڡ
˷糾͵ӣһĨЦ⣬ӭ
˹ȥһճϸ˸ףǻˡ
ճ˳ƱСһıǼ⣬С˾˸ˣֵͨ죿
Сһߴߴĸְֱţĵͦˡ
ֻ˵˵žͿʼ۾ϸϽȥˢϴ裬¶û˯ˡ
ʣµʱǴ˵ʱ䣬ճɴİѹʰãϱɶһȥɡ
ϱϴĳС/۵ģָкܺã촽Ҳǣ/ģӦͦóԵġ
մܲãĻΪǣ˹ȥ
һЦĽ˾;ͱŤ˾ҲЦӯӯſô
ƺð֮󣬽һԼŤ˵һ䣬ˡ
ƺң˾ͼҡ
˾ЦŵͷһˡȻƺҲﲻˡ
ͽ£ǶţҶĻͽ
⻰ȻǽͣǸԼҸڡ
˾ֿһЦݣŲͣٵ˽
Ҫſֱ۱ȴ˹ȥ
˾֪ܲԼұƢŤ¡
ƶһſ˫ȥ㿪Ҳڰĳûطܵ˱ˡ
ͷǴһ£㻹𣿡
ﶯãȵĺڶߣҲʹųεġ
Ȼ;ίˣûǼʣԴףҪһ𲻾ͺˣҲûô鷳°
˾״ίĵ㻹˵һ㣬һ㣬˵ȥˣôã
ץҧ˿ڣǿʶ˵˵ڻš
ı˾ֱˣֻںˡ
˾׽Ű˸̳븹еִ磬ûٰ˰ˣҪȻ⼸ֻڴ϶ȹˡ
Ҳֻܿ˾׵Ļġ
˾װɳߣȻ£ֱȦԼû
°͸ͷϣٸһʱ䣬һ᳹׽Щ˵飬ٲƽ
ίı죬֮ǰû취ȥ˭Ѿ̫أһŬȥģӦˣʹԼ£Ҹǰա
˾۵ͷ֣صĵͷţҴӦ㣡


146 
´أǸûüֵŮˣֿʼˡ
Ȼҹٿŷᣬ̫ˡ
ֻ˱ɶģǸʮߣ˾ܹעһ
ֻǸʱҲûܻӭȻⳭˣûʲôȣҲûʲôõĳֵĴ
Ҳֻһʼ˼ѣȺ˾׷ֿû˹עȺͻȣֱǸ͸ıԵ
˺˾һʱ򣬵һȶȣ˵עȣҲȷ˼֮⣬úǺ
İò׿Բȶȣ˺һӣǺֱֺԭͣٴαǸС͸Ŀܸİ
ԣҪƴһѣٲƴѾʮˣҲûԼĴ»ޱȿٵȦվסôȥľͳɱԵˡ
ԣһҧ뵽취Ҫ˾һ𣬼ʹû취һҲҪţٰȶȳ
˾ײǸˣϾ˵ʱ˾ǸҲܴ󷽵ˣ֮仹еġ
ֻǣΪΪ˾Ϊ
ԣֱҹٿ˼дᣬװͨý˾ʩѹӦԼ
ֻ̫㻨˴ߣҲЩý壬һý嶼û
Ҳ㹻ˣֻҪȳΪ㣬ý岻ӵ
ҲǱˮһսڽΣ˾ͻת⡣
µĵ˾ͻת⣬Ϊ˾֮ǰһֱϲŮˣͻȻתϲˡ
Ҳû֮ǰһ˭һֱ֮ӹ˿¹иģ󷽵
ͬأǵصͦʵƺ±˷һȫͬ
ƶǲܹǸ빫ΪǸͬԣԱЩˣ̫ˣý֪Ÿġ
û˾ΪһɲΪ˱Լİˡ
ʵûκͽĻߵֱڻûȥ˭ɵģ
ԼȻǳ빫˺ÿĹͷͰýѹˣȻԼץģ޲ȫ¶֪ҧѹ
Ȧˣ˵иô磬ԼĹҲǸͨˣýÿȥбŷţϸͣ
ԼҲףһֱҲûᣬɲĳһԼﱻװһ
ҲԼſڿһѶ׵Ĺǣ˾׹治⡣
ֻǣΪǵ͵ñ˿ӣƲ˾׻ǽᱻŻ
ഩһɫ޷ſƳټӵȻĿ飬žͷ
ףİ㣬ǾôֿˣҺúڣʱ޿̲ںڣôһʱ벻أ
Ƿֿ֮Ҳŷ֣Ѿ㰮˹֮ȴѾûκνʣףԲͷһۿɺã
Ҳ֪ΪʲôѡڵǸˣǰ˵ѽҲôת򣬹ȻΪҵĶ԰ɣ
⻰˵ĺᣬ˵ľ֮仹и飬оһ˾ΪŹȥһˡ
⻰һֳըˣǲΪⷬǶǵĻΪġ
Ӱ˾͵ΰ֮ģ
ôһ֮˭ںҪҪֻ֪еϢˡ
˾ᣬڸܿԿֱʱȦķɣȫһֱ
ֻϰţ沼˸ֺۼߣԡҴˮҲ֪Ǹոոɶ
ǷԼСԢȫûˣҪǽǱ߻ûװ꣬˹ȥˡ
ϴ裬ϵ˸/ԡ¶ϸȳĺģɻڿֱ⴩·˳
ֵնȫķ֮󣬽һеĴΣⷽɱ
ֻʱ˳Էĵ㣬ֲҹȻ۷ϸģɷɼԭ򣬲ԾǲԣԱҪάԼĵġ
ǣѾ޿ħĽΣֻһš
һˮһõƻҹԣˮ԰ɡ
ѶڴͷϣкˮֻǡšӦ˼һ˫۾ɶֻĻȫû뿪˼
Σֻٴᳵ·Ľ˳ҵܣˮȻݵߡ
˺һӣˮĻܣϱ˭š


147 
֪ˮϱ۾û뿪ֻҲ֪ɶ۾ģȤܴӡ
ͦȣ˵ƣʹԴҲ˵ϱ۾һֱֻˣɶôԣԼÿ
۾һУָֻȥ
ָ֪ȥͱץղ˲䣬Ƕèûʲô
ĵļʾͱСûˣĵðСҲƽϷֻֻԼˡ
͵͵ȸҮ֣ڽѾ͸͸ˣûɶҪֻҪԼãżͺܿˡ
ôһˣô飬ǿɰ
ѾԵˣ˵Ҳ֪ǲ˽ҵûֻҪ϶˵ģͻŻá
ڷСӹģңˡ
ֻҪй޲ͽһҲҪĽʺԼĺˣȻͺѵĵܵһΪڣҸҸ
ҺҲ֧һͶҪκˡ
ϲ̵۾ֱڽ֪ҪǽƵ֪ʲôӦ
˾Ǿûӹˣֻ룬һӣƾͽ֮·˵㣬ͽ϶˳˳ˮģиԼĺϹҸһ
񣬸оʲôֵԼߣ˳ڵİҧһѾõƻ
֭ˮҺһֱ
ɳһ飬ֵݹһ飬ɳԵҲһ顣
˾ôιҳԣһƻ
ȥˢӣѾֻգ˼ӡ
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ָñӣһֱǵӣɱŪģЦ˲ӣȻһ˴ӣ˽Ļֱһ죬͹˽Ĳϡ
ͬüָǺñӣѹĳ˸űӱԼ
һЦ׼Ĵȥڸոջ飬ȫԺ
˽һ೤ǵǣɲ죬ŽĶ䣬գգԼĴ۾Ц׼죬ֿȥ
˲Ҫò仹ϲԼˣǲò
ǹϵնڣأʳ֪ζ÷ôһòĻ̵סȥ
ݽȥ֮ǰں˼룬ϴȫ׷ˣˣϴһΡ
ò³ǣڶ绹û
ڷûôİţҪȻҾ˷ǳɡ
ҲۣޱȺڣٴʮֵԹԼôûסأⲻǵһˡ
һεĽԹĸԼˣԼջģɵϸôһ顣
̲ס̧ͷգֲĴһεӣҪԼ̲סҲ˴˵ʵԼҵġ
һεı飬ۣҽĶʵ̫ǿò˹ģԣÿζԼòġ
ʵûôõģֻǣ˱ԣԼռ˱ˣͷ˷ɵΣȴﲻ˵ͿŷɸòԼԼ͵
ÿﶼðݣȴһҺܶԲӣķΣһֻ
Ҳֵ䰮ΪԼĻУ̵ޱȼѣǲΪȻĺܡ
ִ˲ƣ棬Ҳ壬Ҳ֪˭շ˭
Ϊôһڣֱ͸ԺˣȻʱ˾Ѿȥ˹˾ǶƵ
˾͵Ϣһֻɫף۽Ǻʹڲͣ鴤ֻԽԽ󣬾Ͳֻˡ
ľԷ˫ֱأһԵϣƵʵô죿Ŷȫ𣿡
ÿһɹһŶӣȫɨƽеϰٿۣӶˮǮһеһУΪ˸ܻӭ
˾ͷĵͷСܸ㶨ᷢͺá
ҲȷֲʮС͸˾͵һˣ˲ҲQʲôˮ˿Цˡ
Է忴Ȼðƽôüĸ
˾ͿһۣҲ㲻֪ҼұںΪǰŮѵֱŤôһڣҾ͸䲻ˡ
òңҿɲΪЩĵǰ²ˣĿȥ


148 
˵꣬Ϳһı鶢˾Լɶֵֹģ
Է°ͣôͷһŮѱһ㶼ǽֵģ˭Ǹҵֵܼľõˡ
Ҿ˻˽һڹ˾棬˾ûΣҲһֱѹϢҾҲ̫˽⡣
ֻΪӣֻŮˣֻαܹúãûع⡣
˾ֵĿһۣȻ¶һҸı飬Է壬ɵˣһֱûŮѺ𣿻ǸǸнСɰ
һװ˵ĴʵڲܱСɰȻȷ۾ˣҲǿɰǹҵġ
ԷͷƵɨѸ˾ͿĲȥˣԷֹͣ
һ۾ʲôʱתˣһôˣβİɣ
˾ûİһۣɶв棬ǰҲֻһֱûҵҼҶһֱңҵˣȻҲͲˡ
ԷƲ죬һġŲš
һǷĵͻȻתԶһˣһ
Ҹĸŵġ
˾Ͳ˸ϳȥ
ô룬Ͼ˸ϳȥҪæء
ܿģ˾͵ĹҾͷһ˾ͱѾ֣Ŀǰںİ˽УѾ׼֤飬ϣһ£Ҫİš
Ϣһýͷ˿һƬȻǹôҲ벻˵ģ˾ͻиԸعİѽ
ǸӰۣҪݼݼҪòòһѣӰǿɲ˵ٵģŴҵȻ֪ˡ
ǣϢһй¶֮ý߼ӵȥɷһ˾Ǹνİˡ
ǺѽǸŮ˾ľ
ܿϧɷÿԣˣ˾ͼǱտڲ̸Ǳʵļˣ˾Ͳ΢¶ţҲЦһ۵ġ
ֱ飬ǰûйǽһѰˣûôýǰʹһϯȻǣǣ֣§§ǲʵЦǿĳġ
ԼиУҪ֤ôһˣǲйء
˾Ȼû˭ǸˣȴպǸ˷һ󷽵ýϸʾ
һٶҵһѷ˿֪ģκһ棬ΣȴƺҪˡ
Ϊķ˿Ҳ֪Ǽ㻹ǲĶ㣬ϾŮѷռȿǺܿŵġ
ǣ΢³ˡ
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԰ƭˣ˽ˣƭǣǷ˿Ǯܺƭ԰ɣ
ôȥΪʲôѣҵĶ
һͣǮԱĵӾ磬ӰôҵģҲԭġ
ԲۣòȻģһƭ˿һߺͱһˣϽȥɣУҵĶ
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׸磬һ°ΪʲôѣҪ飬Ĺ𣿡
֮ǰ˵ŮֻǵΪʲôҪˣ
ǲͬ⣬ƭǣҪѷۡ
ҪϽ֣ҪǾߣԼѡɡ
һƬǵķ˿ڽ׷ϣһ£евˡ
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Ȼ˿ϾԼ˭ϲ˭Լɣֲܴİ˺һһӡ
԰΢ǵ㣬ǰǾҸͺΪʲôҪȥҸ
ǵ㣬ȻûеһʱǣҾ˽˵ɣȻǷ˿ҲҪ¶Ǳ
ֻϧǷ۵̫٣ܿͱһƬŭûˡ
˾ü΢µ־磬ǳһţҲ¶档
˵׷Ǿ׷ǣ˼ҵļ˼ҽ᲻鶼Լɣ
ʹ˾Ͳѽ飬ͻǽ
˾ͲͣҲһŮѷ˲ѷۣȻﵽ˿ŵһҹ˹ķۡ
˾ͱʾǺǡ
ȺǹܵĿԼ᲻飬Ҫܣ⣬ֱѷۡ
˵軹֣ù̫ǲǽǶùһ¡
˾ͱʾЦȻ˿ȷʳĸǳϲǮ
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149 
ֻôһڣ˾׵ȷôùˡ
ڵֹ˾ܵǣ
ֻǣݣֹ˾û˵ɶǰԹˣ˭ܹܵ
˵ˣ˾ͻȦƱ£湻ˣҪؼҼ̳мҲˣ˼ʱˣҪһףҲô
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ĬҲ͸ôڣع⻹ãһع⣬͵˵Ŀʷɡ
ϾĶôãһ̨ǰع۵ף˵Ҫ׼ýܴҵĸˡ
໹˾ͺһѣû죬һɧ
Щ߰鱻ŮǺˣ뿴ķʽˣϵۼһ浹
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ܰ
˾ͺҾ˴кϲ̵ˣԷԭһ²Ϸľ籾ٶ̫죬ֻܺһ˾Ϳȥ
һѵĺö˾ĺõľ¥ߡ
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˾ͻе·ƶڵ磬ΧѾһƬˡ
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ӵҽԺĵ绰ʱе㲻ţֱȷˡ
æҵľͳȥҽԺʱֵıŤìɶģû˾Ҫ
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ȥʱ˾Ѿңֻܽš
۶۵ۣܣѹȵܺ
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˾͵İְʱ򣬾ͿʹץԼ·ܵӡ
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Ͻкҽˡ


150 
ڣ˾ͺͽû£촩ĺ񣬼ʹ˾촩ֻǺ£һˮҲҪ
ˮ̵òֻ࿪ӣ˵ĻճǴأֻǷ˼룬ҽû˵ҪסԺ
Ҫ˾ְֲģӲǱסԺ۲죬ʵԻؼҾ
û£ɫе԰ףԼƤЦĺԼǿڰе
һŻضһˣŷѾŵļˣԴһķΣҪҽ˵û£Ϊ˾û£ֳأ
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һʼ˾ռҵİְ裬൱ͻȻҳû׼֣˾͵·֮ˡ
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ҸΪ˾ͺ󱬣ϵ˵ĸֱּǷˣѾѪϴСվˡ
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ֻǰ׺Ա⣬ϾҸʵ浣ˡ
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Ʋ죬Ųأ˵ˣҲҪ
ߵķ˿ôڷͲǸ̳ӻôԹԵЩڡ
ҲҪֻſϷͺãճĲĬ̫á
ȻЩƵʧ϶а취ǡ


151 
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ȻûЩǵسcpƵĴУʵʵĻǱǿcpƵ
˾æŴ̵¼ʱڿЩ߰Ƶ
ϹֶΣҪҳǷַӵ£ǲģϹ˵ġ
ֻ֪Ǹͱ˵Ǹ֮󣬽Ѿ֪ҪηӦˡ
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ڵ֪ǰŮѴ̵˾֮󣬽ͳײˣԼˣֻ½
ڵ֪ǸŮѾ˽ȥдͽ֮󣬽Ĭ˺һᡣ
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ĿģǱߵҵҲϣΪϹǿԮ·ɨƽһϰ
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ĳܲóԴԼҰ˺ͱ˳cpԼ³˼Ƶ
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ڽϸȱԴҲԵȨҳճΪͶʺճùϵҲźþ籾ýȱ籾
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ȥĻǰ嵺ʵҲͬ
ЦŶੲݵĹ滮ĳˣϵЦһֱûжϹ
÷ˣ򸴺
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