صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ
=================
ħׯ԰
ߣ
İ
̴ˣһ硣
ÿ϶ˡ
һӵ׳СƤؾϥǵİˣþΪ˵ľ飬Ķħ
ҰѽԸΪ׳
̣񾭲𣿣
ÿ춼ھܾʾĳ̱ʾԼĺۡ
֮⣬ûвûأûзݽֵǽһ۾顣
̣ȰԵ趨һߣҸɣ
αװɾĸħXħԷܶϢׯ԰ܡ
Ҫһҵ磬ȱԼ١
ݱǩ ½ Խʱ  
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺ħֻúø㽨
⣺
Ʒ
⴩Խ磬ΪһСׯ԰вͬĴ½ϣֻúչϺӣԼƶ¸ȴû뵽Լϵһħû뵽ԼͳΪħһƪС˵ׯ԰ΪдһϷ괩ֱ仯ʵԼֱȴܴģůڶгȤϸıʴһɫʵո硣


1 
ɽܵˡʿԣĳ˵
ʿʱɵλεߵģҷģûмλһˣֻǿһۣ;ԼĶ۷ˡ
Է۾ж˵Цݣ۵ĸ߹̬
ڼԷһ̣ĿҲطԺʾҪЩʿѡλͶԷȥصʱԭʮֲʿǶƴȫչʾԼǿ׳͡
մѡһλ顣
ⶼһˣ
ڵ۾ᣬ·ʵ̫ãֲһ仰Ҳ˵³ֱҹĻ٣ͣϢ
ʿƴǰ֣Ϊܾ㷢˻𣬹ƶԷҪˮʱС
ˣϺ䣬Ҹһ˯ɣʿԼţճյؿų̣һĭһ˵Һů͡
һλʿҲæ˵ˣҲůܸͣůš
ΨΨŵŵԱС˵ҿԸůů֡
̣ˣлл
֪ǲǶô鱼ţĲӦ顣
Ͼ￪ʼÿ϶Ĵ
Ů徹Ȼ壬֮ܶԼϿħ֡
ЩħֻռˡΪһˣʵڲһ˵ıʲôռģ
ǵĿǷԽɽ֮ׯ԰Ϊ⵽溦ֶʥԺ⣬溦ִˡµ¡
̾ͱʥԺ
Խ֮ʥԺÿҪ¾ϴһжģǻԵ˳ܾһ׷ߡ
֪Խĵһϣִһ˵ʱʲô顣
ԷȻۣʾԼԶΪΪ
˭Ҫһ׳ΪΪĿζûôء
ʱΪһѾǳùˣû뵽ܸù
ֻҪˣŮ壬˯бҵ
׼˯ʱʿ˵Ļ
̫ˡ
ǰԸҵļ⣬һܷҵĺô
˰ɣѵļҵĺÿеҺ𣿲Ҵţ֪˿ҵļ⣬ľ𣿡
ƨҵıĸã
ǣѵҵľͲҲĺãĵطҲܺá
̣
ǸˣҶǵļͱĵطʵûһ뷨
ʿ˳ۣþǶԷӰԼĿꡣ
ɫˣֻԼƷ߹ʿϡ
ԱС˵˵ϲġ
ʿȻͬһߣһ𳰷ϲݵľɱˣ
һͼ򣬻Фˣǻ𣿡
򱻳䣬ԼȫϣϾ˳Ц˵еϲֻǰݲܸһ
Ȼȳ۾ʿһһҵ˯ԱߣΪڿռޣǶǲ˯󱳰ųᣬǺ³ѳ̣˹ؼˣһûϳ̡

Ѹ
ʿ۾˯죬һ˯мĳѾˣ̵æ뿪˵ͷֻԼһһܲ
̣˵˶ٴΣҪ˯źһ˯
ǻʥԺȥɣ͵ȥʿҪˣ
գһ˫۾һؿų̡
֪һҲϲġ
ݰṼ
ʿɵɵĿų̡
ޣ˷ʱҲ糺գ̲Ż˫еİҪˣĴ˽ѵҲǵҡ
أˣȽȥģǺͼı죬Խȥ
æ˵ˣ˵ѣȽȥ
һʹرԼˣԸΪһУôΥأ
𾪵ؿ˵Ϲİأ޳
ԱͼӴףˣֻĻ
Ҿʹûн
ͦظ
ʿܻض
ʿתͷʥԺȥˣʥԺǻµʿ
ôһ룬ôûжֶŹȫûпȡ֮
֮ǰʥԺһλŮԹ壬ע͵͵
ڿ㶼ԼϴҪȥϴȻﻹ͵
̫ˣؼҡ
ûһΣ´ͨ뺣ҷ֣һʥԺһʿ
æظ֤ˣһᶢÿģһ٣
ˣҲǣһðأ
ԼҲ벻ͨЩˣûɦŪˣҲû΢վӣҲԼÿľΪˡ۾ǰһ㣬ӸͦһЩԽ֮ǰֱûκ
Խ֮ǰԼ磬׷Ҳ㲻϶ࡣ
һˡ
˶һǾͶصļˣġ
ϵĲôȥˣǼ·ʿҲȥɧų̣ѵöȹһ糿
ҲԶԼĳǱĶҲȥƽ
ڳ׼Ŀʱ򣬰غȻˣǰ˵ڵϣ
ʵ˭ʲôģ
ܹȥ̺䣬Ǹ壡ˣ
û·϶ģǧҪ뿪ǰ̧ߣ
ΪǵԻ·ˡ
һԵˣΪʲôҪԼ
·мˣҷģⱲӶûôÿˣŮΪɫµˣԾ˼ĵط
û·ƤȴݣȣԸ±۾Ϊ̾
һͷɫĳ̵Ľɫëͦ촽԰ף̲ס۾һò
ڵ·ϣ߻пҶȴһɱʴϸĴʦɣòϵĲ
ƫƫʿΪȻǾáֻҪǳڳǰˣǴĻǵҪ̣϶Ҳˣһ辶
ʹļף֪һУѹڴǰͺá
תͷۿֿԼһ飬˿϶뵽һȥˡ
̣ᵽȥ
ʿʧˣ˵Ǽϸ
ˣһͼıܱԻ󣡡
̰һڣᵽȥ
Ҫ˵ڶ飬ȻǾͻʥԺȥ
ջǱᵽϣ̻Լ·ǳߴеСӺͿȳȲ
ŶԷž̳һ
˵еһѡ
ԷԼˣӦòԼһ顣
ԣʵ̫ˡ


2 
˹һģ˫̵ˮıʯӨ͸զ࣬ۿľԣһͷڷꡣ
ĺڷмͷɢ䣬˼ʣûдףֻһɫڴؿڳ¶ţεһ֣˹Ϣ
ԼǲߣԷ˹
ڵüɫ۾̵ͦı촽
¶š
ˡ̰ˮҵݸȰɣˮܸɾ
˹Լһ·ӹˮңĬźһˮ
̣Ǿ壿ôʲôû·м䣿
˹˵Һɢˣɭ˵ؾ
ؾϲ磬˵·ټͬؿһۣϢ죬Ȼȥˣ´ɭҪСһЩ
˹ȴȻʣҪĶȥ
̣ɽҾܵҵˡ
˹۾΢У
̵ͷò˵ˣ˺ܲ˵ҲģԺ˵ҲҪλӣ룬ǳȽϺá
ĲǷҲϵۣʥ飬Ϊʥ鲻壬ʶ壬ӷպӣͬʱҲܻᷢƢƢͻγɿ꣬ضɽҡ
ʵҲʯ͵𣬰ХЩȻֺʥ鷢ͷϡ
̣ǱصʥԺָɹˡ
ʥԺӵкܴȨȨ֮ϣ˵ûʥԺԺá
̾ǷϻԱʥԺģһʲôȨ
⣬Ķǵ͵壬ϾȨ塣
ľĵ͹׼⣬嶼ūƽֻдĳвС
͸ˡ
ÿһһʥԺǵŦÿһȣصҪǰʥԺ̵ϴ飬ͬʱط˳ƽ˳졣
һֺҪʥԺǰаҪһʰķãа֮Ȼûб仯Ǿ⣬ʥԺͻµþ뿪ء
ЩʥԺģλʥǵԺʥԺ쵼ԺֻʥԺĲŽԺס
̾˿Ժ̫ˡ
Ϊϴ飬Ժÿ춼ھ÷ȫʾԼľȻԱĴ⣬Ȼˮϴɾ
˵ϴʵҪʮʥԺĵʦľͰװˮӲͬķλ
ﶬ
̾ñԺңԲæĴӦָɡ
ԺȻʥԺֵ𾴵ˣһѷϵˣС
Ǳôˮ쾹Ȼûððգ͵һ˹Źء
ˣҽг̣ʲô֣ʵ
˹Ŵ˵˹أֺ֡
̵İ֡
̽͹ܶΣϰԵؽ͵ҳʱʥңҾ͸ĳ֡
˹᣺ʥ
ЦҲܲǣ˯ԺˣǲǣҶҪŵġ
˹زˡ
ųᣬĿ
̵ǲÿ˹ضԼĮֱ˻ˣ޲
һûжһ飬ûʾǶô󰡣
ѶԷ˳ԷԼ·
ü꣬û˵˿һ⣬Լ˵ʲôǶﶼڵ飬Ūû˼ʽ˵˶Ҳ
Լ̸̫пĪ
ֱ԰ѶԷÿո㣬ϣԷɲԼ
̶ɵˡ
氬ظߺˣôˣǸûжֵɣ
Ҳ˵ˣһẴꡭ
һû£ߣҪǵʱһǵ֡
ڴʱ˹غȻʣ֪ж𣿡
̣ʵ˽ĲǺ
˹ʹһ壬Ⱦ廹Ҫϡ٣Ƕӵĵطö֮ͳ˴˵û֪ǷĴڣܶȷʵڡ
̳һд˵һʣʲô壿
˹أħһ塣
̣ǾǸ˵ɣ
Ժ߹ħֻǴ˵ĲԨħ壬ħܴڡ
˹أħʮ꣬ͻͷ棬˵ȾܹˣŮΪħķ²
Цħô˶Ϊħķ²ʲô£
˹ҡͷ˵ħᱻջΪҴ͸ħֻܸͬʱ䳤ˣȻʧǵҰС
֪Ϊʲô̺Ȼ˸
ʶ뵽ԼϣʱȷʵвٹߴգŮһƫģҹ׼ǿǳû˯̫һƾͱˡ
̫ܻӭҲã̫࣬мڻ򰮳ɺޡ
ⲻ롪Ҳħһɣ
תͷ־òᣬħǾ͸ûˣǺȻģûиĸˣ壬׼ԼĻǱ˵ġ
˵Ǳ˵壬Ƿɫ۾ɫģԼԽ֮ǰһģһ
˵ԼģֲǻѪû沿
̷˲ϸȻûֻͨʿ˹أħ
˹أԨħ𣿡
ħȻҲħ֣ϸ˵ħ壬ħ壬ǾסԨ֮أҲƬ½ͷ¡
ħб׺ݣԶɱϣҺ޷¡
Ϊϵ²ȥµħԹħǷڣҲǸδֻ֪ʥԺһֱǿħʵڣֻǲܸϣʥܱǡ
ڳ̿Ƥħĳ࣬ǵĳǧٹ֣Ψһͬͷ϶˽ǣһǼǣԽ׳ʹħԽǿ󣬽ǶڶͷɫƸͬ
ֻħĽǴɫģûһɫ
ǿħαװԼκһ塣
̣Ҳôš
˹ЦʥԺˣȻħ壿
ħǿαװκһ壬ΪʲôôûħϹԨħ壬ħ϶Ҳûϼصôǿ󡣡
̾Լ˵ĺе˸˵ǣţͷҲнǣ˵׼ħ͸ţͷ˳òࡣ
뵽ţͷ˵ĽǻжԳƵУֻһֻǣҲ̫ˡ
˹أ
ĿЦʣ˵ĶԲԣ
˹سĬ˰Σմе
лҪ˵˹أһҾͳ˳޿ħ
˵ҽǳҶˣһʲô̲˵ģ
󡪡
̣˵ǳûаɣ㲻ҪѪˣȻȥ˯ɳ


3 
Զɽ಻ϣһӱϣɽˮƯݵشïʢľï֦Ѿϣץء
Ļһ
š
ǾµĵĿĵأȻһմأ̻˵ͱĳζˣãȻʰغͿôô
̣ˣǾ͵ǣϲ
ȴӦĺܺãʿǶܣʲôƶĵطûȥȻ˵ˣūūǲ֪ʲôܵġ
ˣׯ԰ûƽģÿ˶ֻĲƲ
סĶٴηʣվɽϣԶԶţ羰۵ףʵûһӣѵЩ˶סڸԶǸʯͷġǱ
ʵڲǸ˵ɳǱ
ǰȥΣҲʯͷķӣĲС¥ǸġǱÿˡ
Żش𣺡ūҪסֻ˯ڲݵϡ
̳ĬˣԼûһūƫ
Ҫ֪ûκֶεģ̼ʦƽβһǲ׼ԷԶһǷѪʦΡ˲ˣɼᶨΪԼķûֻǲǲˡ
ĺͱѪĲ١
ҽòҩβȻйϵضʥԺʹ
ҽץס󣬻ԼһӣȻ߽ȥǴʯ飬ֱ
ű͵Ǳǰ
˹ڳԿ飬Щ鶼ǳ̴ʥԺģ鼮ǹרãûֽõȫƤ۸߰һֵһٸū
дʲô̻ûüһڳϲҿ飬¡
˹Цְ𡣡
գգ۾ʲôְҲ֪
˹ֱҳָ
طǳūص㡣
ǱĹس̻ûȿ˹ūĹ
ûƽģĹ£˶ūÿֻܳһͣ峿ʼɻ̫ɽϢûܾһ
ӵгҹȨȨ̷
ū˶ԲвƲ
ǼһУΨһеģÿһٷ
ʳҲ࣬Ϊûб׼ϵġũһؿȻ֣ڲ÷ϵ£ֻ꣬ؾͱֱˣְİ꣬ԼϢԶ׼ҪͣĿġ
ˣūǳѣǻֵܶ࣬ʳȴ٣޷ӵԼķӣҲܽ顣
һǣ˶ţΪԼϷʲôҵ£ְֻԱааʽҲǳ桪˯ˡ
˹ؿ۳̣޵ЦЦ
̴˸¡
а»ǽʦɣնһûǸ¡
㱾ãĽ֪أܿװűаռˡ
⼸˹һֱΪǸǳѧľ飬ʲô֪·ϵҰҰݣҲ׼ȷ˵֡
̣߳һסԶĵطƼķʽǿҩ
Ա壬ǸĻԸסɭ
ڳһϲ
˹һ㶣ʲô
ףˣӦòϲʣ
˹ûѺһ˵ҪڿӣȻ񡣡
̣ŶһΪ岻ء
˹رˡ
Իԣ˵ʱ˿ºͣһ˿˵ظУֻһڣȻҪݻ֮ǰ˵кӡ
ƲᣬǶ˼˵ѻãʮֲϡ
̽͵˵ǴӻﵮҾӦøǲһˮֻ¶ˮʳֻʻ۵ҶǾͲҪй
˹ر۾ССװԼѾ˯ˡ
ҡһС·ڡǱſͣˡ
ǱĹܼҺˣѾغſڣͷһˡ
һͷ׵ͷݳһãƤ׷ϵְۿۿݣ֫ϸݣŲ·˻һҪ졣
ֱǸߵı걾Ƥʧȥ˵ܿԾôֱȥĿֲƬ
վţģׯ԰溦꼾ױͣҲһ˾ԽԽࡣ
Ǵʱվӭӳ̵ľʮˣʮû
ǹصվڴԣվǰ˵Ĺܼ⣬ȫûһ̧ͷ
غͿͬʱĽ˶ߴ仹彣Ӷ
ȻʿΪ񣬵ʿǹһԱԤۣλƽ֮ϣ¹ͣܿҲõһλ
ͨôӼ̳оλ͵ĹصʿҲһ·
ԭڳǰֵʱɵǺʱϵİغͿʱ˿̣ȴֵĿ޳ֻǿ
ܼڳ³ʱ˳̱˵ˣĹܼңԺʳӡ
תͷһۣ㱻ܼҵŵ
￴ܼҵְ
ܼǷǳصְҵҪ˵ʳӣһΪҪʱ̴Ħ˵ϲãڳûͻŮͣĹܼʲôҪԼɡ
⣬Ҫ˵˽Ʒ⽻ʣԼƲӪ
кӣܼһΪӵĵһʦ
Ǹʮȫʮķ˽飬һĹְ
ϾܼǾûп۵ģ³̰ҲȥһͬĹɺãõ벻
ȻܼҲԻϰ壬ǴʽһûˣԼΪ߷񣬵ǰûԴܼҡ
ܼһһ۾ܿʿݣλûдôĹܼҡ
ڴʱһˡ
ܼתͷ۾Ϊ³ȻʿȻŹķΣȴоһĶ䡣
ܶ嶼ϲܼҡ
ԽټԽԽãҲһݵ
̶ԹܼҽܵոչȥλʥԺɸҵʿλҵѣҪס
ԭĹܼҴ˿¶紺縧Цݡ
ԭЩµôͰ׵ζ
˹ص˵ͷ
˹أ
˹ҲܼЦЦֵ˵ͷ
ܼЦݵķȸˡ
˹ҲֻܰЦݷ

̣ǡȷʵͦġ
˹غ͹ܼ˲ЦݣֱܼǸɹŰĹܼң˹ò·Ƿ
̻С죺ѵʲôĴкʽ
лҪ˵˹أʲôëЦˡ
̣һ𣿡
˹عܼң


4 
Ǳ̫࣬ǻ˯ϣǳȡ©꣬ʪˮ̵ķԼǱĵطһŴһӺӣϻһƤ䵱̺
ϰһʵĻƿżҰ
ľʵģʴѾ࣬ﶼһùζ
ˣǳǱõӡ
ҲûԹ˱סĻƾʲôԹ
ʿҲֵ˷䣬ǵķֻڵһŴһӣζûУǲֻ뾡취ܼҴùܼҰŲ̵ķһЩ
˹طֵķʿһΪǿˣȻûоλܼһǰ˳̵ĸڡ
ĵһϣڲιǱ֮ϴ˸ʹ裬·ܼ֮ҽص
ܼҸ̽ܵūǱģǲūܱˣҲۣģȻ꼾쵽ˣǽʳ껹Ҫ࣬׿Իܶණ
ʹܼңǵʳ𣿡
ܼ㹻˳Եһջ񼾡
̣ʣһͣܳԶã
Ͽūһֻһͣһ;ǵĶӡ
ܼҲ۾ǳһ;͹ˣūθСһֻܳһ㶫
ܼ
ֵ̲ˡ
ܼҼᶨ˵ǰʹһū⣬ǸūԵ̫࣬Ȼˡ
ūܳ⣬Ҳ̫ܳණȻͻ
̶ˣȻԭҲ֪һˣȻԺȷʵǻġ
ֻҪθþС
˵ֻҪңһֵܼջ𣿡
ܼ죬ԣһֻܳԶӡ
ֳ֪ʳ׵ʱҪóһķȥǹƷϣƥ֮Ķʣµķǿ
ǰ֮ʳȥǻ羫µĲƥëԼƤֽȵȰĶ
ԸūǵĿ١
̷ˣֻҪ׵ʱȥݳƷʳһٶиࡣ
̣ǾһͰɡ
ܼһȰǿ̵ı飬ְ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ūǱʴȵĹذ
Ҳãū䲻κʰֻ󣬲̫ϡ
ΪλǴʥԺİɣ
ܼ̾˿ūܻűΪҪֵأһٷǳԡ
ѵ˯˸ȾȻǼйֵùζ
ܱ֮ǰ˯Ϻţдûͦ
ڶ糿Ǳܼҽѵġ
ܼҵ·ʣˣҪò𣿡
̶ȷʵܶһθڶûУ·͹ƽ֪˶ٻأҲҳԶÿֻһˮһ
óԡ
Ҳ㣬ָӲúˮȥ
ҲֻʿУôȰ˵ԣֻԺ
ѳԣΪǺһģʡ
ѾܸˣʾԼǰֻܳԺǸֶһ󣬺ܶ඼Ѿ˵ĶӣöҲֲЩˡ
̱ܼȥ˲ٴΪﲻýгǱ
ǸʯͷķӣҲûʲôװƷûйҵʱʯͷһ㽨ѾƵɶ칤ˡ
ǷγõľͷΪµʹ˿̺ۺͲɾաҲʵġ
ܼȥʿͿ˹أغͿȻ˯òһı飬ֻп˹ؿЩûɴų̵·ںͿȶЩ̣¶ͽȴ˾ֶ֣صС
ֻϧغͿûΪ˹صټֵ⣬ǵ˿˹һۣغһԼǰڳڳûгڳ
˹˳̵ֱߣʿڳ̵ұߣڳ̶λӣδ˵ġ
֮Ů;ͿʼͣȫͷȫᣬСĴԼʮ꣬ΪӪϣʮСӡ
û뵽ԼԽ֮˹Ӷͯĺĵ
̵ĺʹ
ǼƬһŨ
ֻг̵ǺλȫǺҲûб¶κοܵɫ
̺һ
Ȼȥ
ܼҷһ˵óľŨǰҲϲ
̣𣿡
ûİײúȡ
һɹζϵζ˵㻹ǳǳ֡
̡
ǳ̱ͲôϲʽŨ
غͿǶŨ޲ڣʥҲûգ÷ôϣ
ܼɣǾϹ
ǻȥū͹֮󣬾Ͱϵͷ͸ǡ
ʵںȲŨˮǽһͣŪԼθ
֮ŶԹܼ˵ԵĻϣ޼
ԼһӲǱĴš
˰йռ񡭡̱Ź֡
ܼҵû飬Ҫ󣬳ʮ񣬷Ҫɡ
Ȼ⣬Ըҳϵʵʩ´ָ
ϾְܼλΪ˶ġ
ϣڵġūǾ֪Լ񡪡޲Լ㡣
Ǳū۾ˣӲľֻеؾ̫ˡ
ˣǵķ㶼ڿõģƤؾָˣǲҪǵķ㣡
ܼҺܲˣˣ˻Ӷӳ˸ղ˵İСؾؾҶ㣬ӲĳӵƿΪ̶ؾһӣһѵѪɫ˺ۡ
ܼūûоܾʸ񣡡
˶żѹԴ˵Ҳ̧ͷ
ȹܼˣǲŶؾĸæסԼĺӣȥϵ˺ۣݵֻʣһѹͷйһ˸û£ֻΧһƲϡ
۵źӵ
ؾȴһ޵˵裬Ӱɣӳȥĵط
Ůؾæסӵ죬Сҿ˿ûע֮˵Ҫ˵ɵӳȥҪôû˸Ƿԣᱻץߣȥġ
ôֻҪֵغ͸ӻȥһֱɻ絽ΪֹҿûбԵģһиĿ
ȻҲԲܲ
ҰСĵؾ˴ûбƣܲ죬Ҳûţͷôͽʵ塣
Ůؾźӣȥòľҷˣ̡ܻ
ؾͷҧ޲ʱ⵹ܼңҧĲӡ
ţͷƲȥģҪÿϣٰھֻѸͷûиͷţͷˣֻȭͷɣɱȽϸôǿ԰ɴԺ۶ϡ
˺͵ؾһĶʮְСΨһͬǰ˵ļǳԲӣǵļ⿴ɺܽʵؾƤɫġ
ĶһЩأǻѸصľԼϣţһͷڵɻ
Ǻٽ۾͸ɻֱ̫ɽʲôΪֹ
ҲûסĵطΪǰǸӡǸиӵʱ䣬һūܶ࣬ȱǮū
壬帺֣ˮһصճɲãǸǿصҪùˡ
ǵĳͷ̡࣬ܲ
ֻ̢ĳͷһЩľǰǹ·Ȼӣιȥˮѡ
һЩͼܣͻᱻʯͷԴʬԭأȶʳԼá
̲֪˹ʲôӣͷһεԽ֮ǰĹپѧϰίԱΪгϷֻһѧھͱθְԺҲû١
ʮǫѷҿ˹ȡһûУ
˹شһɫ˯£ؿڳ¶ѩ׵ţ̲ûп壬Ǵʱֻ¶һ㣬ɫ
˹ڴߣһȴ̨а׿˿档
б˳һۡ
ʶ˿ĭæԼȻǳΪɫ󣬶ԷҲǸˣ幹Լһ
˹أһ
̣ţʲôһ
˹أ㲻ǳԱÿҪһǮµūǳԱʳūǮһ
̣Ҳҵ˼ĻӦò鷳ɣ
˹ֵĿ˭鷳
̾˿ʥԺҲ֪һһǲʥԺ涨ġ
˹أǣأֻҪܱ֤ÿʥԺСʥԺ㡣
̣Ǿͺãһ׼Լ˯·߸ðô죿ܼ˵꼾Ҫˣܵиڷ絲ĵط
˹ؿĿŹˡ
̣ʲô񣿡
˹ջĿ⣬úأǸˡ
Ī䣬ԼĺףЦǺǵ˵ͷһôҵġ
еɵ
˹˵
̣УҾôɣ
ȻǱģԼûĺһЩԿɮûȤ
ֻкӡ
ѾܹɰͰ͵ζŹֵŨˡ
ȻĪ磬ֳΪһǾҪһҵ
ϾϷʱ桰ҵ硱


5 
𽥱䣬꼾Ҫˣūǻ̻̲աǲźǣȻ˯ϣǺôڳǱڷ絲ֻ꣬˯رߣ˯ʪϣֳ
˲ͻᱻϳ⴫Ⱦˡ
ÿڣûūұ֤Լꡣ
ؾͬм䣬ɺ䣬û·Ҳûбӣʱֻܸͬ鱧һϵ˱ĸĨ˲ľңѵʱãȻΪ컹û
ܿ꼾ʱ򣬺ҹ䳤̡
ԹµĻǽѣȻȥɻ
ɽ˹µǳͱӵ⣬һζʳζؾĶӶˣ˿ĭһվ
˴͸ʳһٷżľͰڵĶûзκϺ͵ζϣζûС
ڣ˹⣬˶ĭ
ζΣЩܹӵʳ
Ȼ͹ܼһͬūǸʳһūǷһǮ
ūæóԼ룬׼ߣǵԼ취
ʲôι״ġ롱С
ؾ˰ģõһʯͷһмÿգľãǲˤڵϣˤȥͻ飬ĲƲĭ룬ĸһ𼷽˵ȴ򷹵ūм䡣
ūǲ˵һ˫ƣ۾Ŀӡ
һٷҲĺ¡
˶֮ūϣץųԣȡ
ؾŶĸ״ԼһЩ
ؾ裬Լԣҹˣ
ŮؾǼֵĸһЩҲԡ
ؾС˵Ըǳٷ
Աߺ붹ţͷ˵Ĵ˿϶Ǹˣ
ؾͰˣţͷ˵٣ҲǷǳܻӭū壬ʵܴ󣬿Կĺ͸أҷǳʵûţͷūӵϢţǵļ۸
ţͷһ˵ÿ춼ܳپͺˡ
Ĩ˰죬ͬһǰ֣ġ
ؾϧİһ飬ȻŸĸһȥ
ƺΪѵõһͣϵؾû˵ĶڽС
ūǵĶûУ̵Ķӿʼˡ
ڴϣԼûڸּڶӡΪѵζŨζŹ֣ǰһϲûгԶ٣ϾͶˣֲ˼óȥԼŪҹͦϡ
ϳԷʱΪˣûԶ١
Ե˿ʱ򣬳Ҫˡ
ܼ֮ڳ̵Ӧ߽˳̵ķ䣬
ܼΪ·˵ص£һ࣬ԵʮׯأѾɨɾˣҲ˲
˵ǲʵǼӣȥԺԼϣԱ߾
֮֮ǰöˡ
ǲţ֮ģֵʣΪҺͷ㶼ǿϵģȽϵִ˵йֵǲִģΪͬ࣬ԾͲࡣ
ǰʺҲûʲôֲֲôܲй
ǻͲˣȥû壬ܶĵ³
ܼҽüͷ˵ʥԺûģǲģҪʥԺģΪЩʽǲȻ˭֪Щûħӡǣ
û˵еؾ˺ţͷˣʹħĴƺҲԵ̫֡
̵ϣȥһʥԺɡ
ܼ룬ΪУʵʲôأ
ǲܵģڸ߼ֻʥԺԭʥֻʥԺ
Խ˿ɲţгȻҲܸйء
èǲкèʹණˣڶèǿԱаģһֻèͨħ޷
ôˣģģ
̸ԸŶģǶ⣬һɾǣĺèʵŮ˶ĸƷֻŮһͶ䣬ΪèŮ׵Ļ͸˳˹ϵ
ڶǶģ߱һص㡣
ʥԺ¢ҵҲսʣûйҵڣսϲɻȱҪڣڲ˭֪ĵʥԺڲİѿҵһУξú
̣ţɣѼҲ
ܼҲòЩⶼܺóԡ
˲ôΪԭ򣬾ǵĳԲ⡣
ѼҪ߰˸²ûϣܻʱջʱ䣬û⼸ļѼһ࣬ûˡ
û˷㣬̾Ը뿪ǱȥһߣûнӴġ񡱣ȻڹܼЩġū
ڱƽϣŰغͿŵǱĿ˹ء
̧ȥŮСԼˣûеġ
ֵʣû𣿡
ܼҺȻ˵ūǻϵġ
Ҳ˵ʿʿܻϵĶˣΪǸеˣܳΪūǱҫ
̣
ֵܣǱɣ
ǿ˹˵һټûҩͼʧȥ
ܼûʲô෴ܺã˵˸ɲʲôҪ˷ʳЩʳļ˸ģҲ˷ѡ
ԼȻˣõģǸƷеˣūһ
СڰεҰݣûһ㺢ӵĻãǴؿʼҪŬ춮£Ϊǹ֪˻ŵĲס
һԴСĺʲôҲûűβݣ˳̣Ҳȥֻܵսľ۲졣
ǵ
ÿ
飬С͵ţмҧָˮ
ϣܶǺһ㡣
Ҳú̫࣬ջʱһٱͺˡ
ǵֻǵӣ̾;úܲܣǸ»ģúµ꣬Խ֮ǰɹ¾޸ԼĿԳɼûȥ򣬽޸ĳɼ֣˫ݵĴ
ں£ɹõ¾ÿѴٹͺٹǮƶɽĺӡ
ΪԼǸͨˣ˽ʱ򣬵ôҲʱ򣬵Ҳôá
ڿһȺβݣܻûôĴ
໹Ƕ̶иġ
ڳ̵СӾӦܸĸĳ谮ҲҪܸĸġ谮
ڳһʱ޷ʱ򣬹ܼҷǳʱ˵Ŀ˵Сʮͺܲˣūӣõصū١
ڳЩǡˡǡˡ̣ļ̳С
ڹܼЩǡǿкܶ;ġ
кܺãûҲҪźġ
û·̺ʡ
ܼҲش𣺡ô಼·Ǻܹġ
͵ȵĲҲҪͭҲܵúٵһ㣬ֻӡ
̣Լ֯𣿡
ǵǰʷΣŴܶͥ룬֯ռͷںܳһʱڿΪӲͨȡǮҵְܣԽƷʳȥ˰
ԶһŴͥ˵һ̨֯ǷǳҪĲƲ
ҵҲǴݻʼġ
ܼңҪܹ֯ĵطˣ
аɣԭ֯ҲʥԺ¢ˡ
̺Ȼסܼҵӣѹܼǰȥ
ܼһ죬ʵʵıߡ
ȷʿ˵Ժ󣬳̲Сʣܲ͵͵֯
ܼҡͷһʹļ׵˵ô⣡
ܿҲѹĻش𣺡֯Ҳóȥ
̣𣿡
ܼһ㶣һη˻ã˼룬úϣϴǲһطģǾĵطЩΣգ˵ʲôʱǵϢǱȽϰȫġ
ȥܼ֯ʳҪһ⡣
̣ʥԺ϶УȥʥԺɵʱ򣬿ȥ۲һ㡣
̺İѹȻơ
СʱжңѴܸ֮ԭ츳ܵ㡣
Ȼ츳Ͳ˷ѡ


6 
ʥԺֻһ㣬޽ΪߴΰʯʥʥڵһĿˣзŮʥԺеʦףʦɫĳۡȾϼ۸䰺ԽķװԽǼ۸񲻷ơ
̴Լ¡صķװһ㣬˼ҵƷ·϶ѵ˶촭ˡ
ҺˬȻܻڰϡ
˹ض㻹ߵö
̾ǿҿԣ
û¥ݣ̾ץס˿˹صһ˵ʵ֤Ҳԡ
ĳﻹһ㣬ǳǳе֣ܼ˵Ϊ͸ÿǣô¥ݶ⡣
ܴһ·ճ
غͿæ棬һŹһ˵ˣҷȥ
ұȥ
ұȥ
̣ʡʡɣˣץſ˹ȥ
ʥԺֻʿԼµĿ˵Ŀ˹أܼҪԤнϵĹʵûнܹƽ񣬳̲̫ġ
˹ֱۣ̫һһǹʿ΢΢롣
վǣûŮĸ첲Ҳûȥ˵ֱۣѵ֮以Ӧù
첲ЩԼרɣ
ǳ첲ס˹صļ
˹أ
̣鷳ˣ
˹ֻܸ̱ǫ̃ס
غͿʵעſ˹صıӰĿʵʡ
Ӵ̵һλᵻʦ΢΢ϹȻʳ̴е⡣
̣ҵһЩʥԺ׼ġ
ᵻʦԴ̧ͷԺĿһֱ㶵ͣڳ̵ϣ۾Բƺôգ۶ˣ̴ֱߴ˼ΣŻ˵
·ʱʦһֱѯʳ̡
ʥԺᡣ
ֿ̣ãҾʹδʥԺ˵һҪ
ʦϸԳ̵̬Ȳνãߺͳ̻㼯һʱ򣬻ͷϷΣͰ͵˵Ժҡ
ҪʦĻҲԡ
̣ҵؿӵһλʦһȥģ
ʦʲô۾΢УǷԵʮҸ
ں۶췭ȥˡ
ʦȥʥʹԺǼģΪʥԺݵλõˣԺǵʥĴˣ˵ܼλҲڵع֮ϡ
ʥʹǸˣһǵĴӣŸޣϵĳɫиӵĻƣԳ̵ѸٵĴӦˡ
ǩԼΪа֮ʥԺ˰Ѷ͵ȥ
ʥʹ˵⻰ʱ΢Цһѳ̵ֱ
ϵЦݲûס
ΪʲôŮһЩܡ΢ɧʱӦôˣǱֱˡ
ллʥ顣̵ͷһϵӡ
ʥʹȻ˵ʥԺסһҿҹΪף
غͿûܿոµǾʥʹ֮ǰĵʦ˳ۣʥʹףһ£ǳѵá
ˡ˹غȻǰվڳ̵࣬û˿ܡ
ʥʹ۾΢Уʳ̣λǣ
Ȼ˵˹ֻĿˣϾ˲ָֻţһ˵ҵĹܼң˵ģҽҪϻء
ʥʹ̾˿̫źˣ´ʥԺɿΪף
̣л
±ץѾʥʹͷˡ
뿪֮ǰѯʵʦܷڵʦĿʥԺһߣʥϢ
ʦȻܾͲøٶ˵仰
ľͷġѽ򷢳ķ䡣
ʦЦ֯
̣ҿȥ𣿡
ʦͷȻʥǻۣӦ˿˾ᵽʥĿȸĳ
һ΢Ц
ʦߵſڣǲܽȥֻĦ
֯ǸˣĴҲޣľվһ̨ʮּ׵ľǰϸĹ֯ٶȺ֯ĲҲ㲻Ϻܽܡ
ֲӦǼ۸˵͡
̨֯ȻҲǡϿ
ϾʥԺ˴·ȴĲġ
˲ιԭġ
˶ǹ壬϶ûй֯⡣
ǹֻ֯֯˵ĲͶ벻ȣȻͲټ֯⡣
ʥԺŻô󷽵չʾ
̾ú֣ʥԺʵӦǺܷҲд֯ǾܾЩܹʹᷢչĶóô
ū·ûô
ؿţϸ۲֯ĽṹؽڴôӣĿľľĳ̣Լľϸڣġ֯ӡ
ѷֽͼڰֽһ
Ȼܾͽ˵һǣΪ򵥵֯ԹҲܼ򵥣ûиӵĵطһ̨ܵ֯˵кܶϸڿ޷ģ졣
ļ򵥡뿪ʱڿ˹ضС˵ʪȵϢڿ˹صĶ˹ʶ̧֣ԼĶ
˹ؼءšһ
̵ֺ
Ȼһɫ࣬ջ񲢲Сֻª֯ҲūǴ·ת뿴ūԼǰ
ūūǶˣϵˣġ񡱡
ȥ·Ͽ˹ʳ̣Լ֯򲼲Ǹ𣿸Ĵһġ
öëڿհ׵Ƥֽϻ֯ƽͼ
ƽͼ⣬ðͼ
̫ˡͷҲ̧ʱ۲࣬ʹõʱԽʡµǮ͸ࡣ
˹Ŀ⸴ӣͲҸʥԺ
̧ͷëͣ¶㲻ᡣ
˹ЦΪʲôôΪ
ֻǿ϶Ҿ㲻ᣬҵֱһֱ׼
Сֱûһ׼ȥΣϢУֱȥ߿϶ûʲô£ڶ֮֮ĸɲŵ£ֻڼôøĸȡг̡
ȻӦվɳ̲죬˺Х
ֱܸᷢʲôȴΣա
ÿ˶ֱߵУֻǿЩ˻ȻһĻƣ̾ȺֱȽǿˡ
˹Բţֻó̴ԼǸ浽µˣΪȫǺˣûлˣÿ˹صĸоܸӣ˵һẦ㡣
̣Ҳ档
ϷʱԶյǸݴԾļңԶ˸档
ˣҪԷջ
˹ؿڳϡ
ҲԷԼ첻棬Ǿĺˡ
ͷͼһ߻һ߼ǿ䡣
Ƥֽϲգμá
˹ؿų̻ͼӣԷüͷ΢壬רע촽浽ĵزȴһԷĺڷ˫ɫǰ
ħиˡ
Ƕôµһ¡
лҪ˵̣ζû뵽һɫԳ


7 
֯Ĺͼˡ˭ȥ
̱˶ľһϲͨܰѶӶľ֮⣬ⷽǸ
ǹܼҸıߣȵؾҲţͷ˴ϸ
ǳ̾齨ľСӡ
ܼҸֻΪʥԺȻλܵͣǾʥԺ͵͵ɻġ
Ҫʱ򣬵ʥԺ룬ʥԺѹɷ
ľԼ
ǣûйߡ
ľҪľӺٵ򲻵ľҲþӺٵԼҲ򲻵ǷǳصĽֻ
غͿ彣ֽʵսΪĹպܲԷǳ۶ϡ
ظ̵̣߳ʱ򵶽ϣǵĶˣ˵Ҳϡ
Ժ󣬾ֻܿȭͷˡ
̵֪ǰԷʱ򿴹̨һĿǶԱĶ켼йھͭʱڵͭ칤ԶԶ͵ĵ
ĵںܳһʱڣάһԭʼĹˮƽ΢ͻ顣
̵ʱ۶ϣ۶ϵĲּǳ
ܴĶŪֻܼҡ
ܼң˿ܻУ
Ҷܳ棡ܼҺ棬˶ܽƻҪֹʥԺ淢İȫʲôҪĹܼңǻϵһҲȥ
̺͹ܼҲʿȥʿ֪ǵļƻ
ʥԺʿǣڳ̵ģġˡʥԺ
ūҲȥū̫ԣܺϼ޻Ǵ򽻵
ȥ̾ͺƤѰ˹صİˡ
˹ڴߣУ˳ż˵˵⣬ȫɵġ
̿Ŀ¶֮ɫҺ͹ܼҶܳ棬ֻˡ
˹ü΢ʲôô
̣Ǯ
˹ҡͷ
ʣҪʲôֻҪܸ𣬲Ҳ֪ͦģҲûʲôö
ǱֵǮľǻƤֽ顣
̲ÿ˹ػϲΪҪôʥԺĽҪôһѿﷶΧĹء
˹ؿų̽ŵӣȻЦˣֳԵģģ͵ҵѰɣһֱסı𡣡
Ǹˣ̺ɵĸ˹طһź˿
˹۾΢УĿȴû˵
ڶ죬˹ؾǰǸΨΨŵŵˣʵͬʱмСκֳģκκ£ֻ˵Ҳ֪ûע⡱Բ
ؿų̣Ŀƺ˵³ȥ۾Ҳգѡ
̱ȫë
̸˿˹һʲٵǮ
Ļɽͭɣһǧͭһһһ
ϵĻһͭңҷǳ٣ֻйʹá
̾ÿ˹شһңͷжʮö㹻ٵ
˹ǰʳ̣ͲǮ뿪
ƶ㲻ġ
˹ЦˣΪʲô
ѵֵƷܸ
ٴ˵Ǹˡ
˹ϣĿų̣Цðɣһᾡˡ
Щ졣
ȻܼҺʿԼǶˣ֪Ϊʲô˹ôʱһܸ߳У˵٩һ
˹ߺ󣬰صʹ١
öԷȥƷ˹ȥ
أҲͺˣԴԺ󣬴˾ûô˵
ǴĽʣһƣҲ⣺ǲܵģĿǴ˵ҪĲƲ
ط˸ۣϣʱɽˤȥ
ͬصͷ
ʲôô᣿ظմţͱһζ˱ӡ
ҲһãǾ𣿡
Ǹյȣ̸˵̫ˣȣĺܺã
ǳ֣ܳ޴վڳǰͷ۾ŵ棬ֱӳ̵۾
ܽΪ˳̵С
ҲãôõС۱Ūôᣬʲôõģ
̣֡
̲סʣˣСҲСĥ𣿡
̽ͲûнĸԿһ㶼ͨǺܸɣûζֲ֪ôȡĸֻùİ취Ͻ档
һϽúܳʱ䡣
õĵطǣȻϽ淢͵ʱȽĸ۳ö࣬ǲҪκӼͿ
ƶʱϽֱǹ屦
ֻҪۺˮԼ¶ȵĿռ䣬һҪʮĸСʱȻһֶΪݷֱ¼ˮ棬ͶʮĸСʱȻظһεĲֻ֣ҪʮʮСʱٴظһΪˮĲ裬ַʮʮСʱ
Ͻˡ
ڿԳͷˡ
ָȡһϽͽСൽ⻬ԺһʪԱ߷ͣȷٴȥˡ
ȻϽ棬ΪϽζֻ̣Сۡ
ۿõŵϼСʱȵͶϲ£ˣ
ѵħ𣿣
ʳﾹȻԼ࣡
ƿʪԺ󣬴ʧɫĹڵϣдʡ
лʥ飬лĸĴʳ
һߵĳ̣
ҪлĸˣǸлҰɣԣлͶǻۡ
ϥе̽£ס˳̵Сȣһ߿һ˵ˣʥʥ͸ǸʳĿʴʥһҫǣ
ˣ˳̵Ьϣĵظлʥ顣
Ҳû취ֻ˵ȥɡ
ֿһϵˮһϵһ跢õ档
ǲһ棬һʥ
ⱲӶûôĶԴ⣬ڳ̵ָȻŽʵһ¯ŲԷڡ
ûȶ¶ȲĲãҲûм̺ͼûзǡ
ζѵǱ֮ǰǷžԺܸʯͷӲȵó̲ôܽʳˡ
磬̺ʿԼܼҺͳͳ⾭͵
мſڵϣ
ܼȻסŬԼֵĺƽȵ˫۳
ܼҺͳﶼܾһòͣΪ˴ڲͬﻹøŨ
ζͱˣһڶûȡ
кõѾЩˣɲûбӲ˺֮ܿ״ġ⡱ڸбִԲҲࡣ
̳žûãغͿѾֽˡ
һʥʳ
̫ζˣ˼䣡
ˣ϶߹Ʒʥ飡ʥŽʥ
ˣҫ
̣죬ԡ
غͿ
˷ʱô䣡


8 
ūǷ֣ÿ춼Գٷһ٣һ٣Ȼ࣬Ѿ֮ǰһһٵʱ࣬ÿ˯ʱ򣬶ûǰֽʹļС
죬ӭһŵĺϢ
Ǵūǰ꼾Ҫˣ˿ʴȣЩ¼ĳҲ˵Ŀ֣
ūǲţ۾һã
µĺЩһֱվ͵𣿣
ūܿһֱҪܹڷķӣֻйʥԺӵʯͷӣֻܴֻǿһ꣬͸硣
ɼˣĲѾǳˡ
̻ǴҪʱ򣬲ŷǴֻ
ĸɳ䵱֧ȻҶ֯ﶥϸɲݣٶȺܿ죬һʱŪá
Ǵ𣿡ʹܼңΪʲôǴǲ
˶һҲûС
ܼһȻֻūūֻһСʯô޴ְֻ࣬йƽסʯͷӡ
ﻹûשļӶʯͷ䵱ճϼҲػһе紵ݶӺ
΢ʧȥӺͷƲƽΪūӡ
췿Ҳ鷳Ҫ֣ܶΪʯͷĿɺͰ˶Ҫ޽һǱҪǧûûҹĸɻǱ޽ɵʱ򣬿֮һ߸ūɥ
Ҳûиֳֻ֪࣬Щطʯͷķ϶طС
𣿡ʵɫϡ
ܼңܶ࣬ʱ򻹻ľʵļҾߣ
ܼҾͺѾΪЩСʧ˺ܶǮһħǱħƵĶ!
̣ҪūȥѰǵѣǵѴ
ܼҺͬΪһƬϵİʵ̫ˣǾȳ棬ﶼС
ūµĻѰҰѵʱóȺӣкܶƽʱŵҰޣȻǰҲвԡ
ؾǳָӳʪµѾЩʪˣ꼾ʱЩͻ࣬˶죬ЩͻᱻӲ
Ų棬ҪѽϵƤ˺롣
ΪʲôҪҰѣؾĸߣϲ֣ܱܣԾϣֻܹɻ
ĸ׺ͬǵؾūֱˡ
ıֱġ
˼꣬ҲһԶ
ĸҰݣЦ˵˿϶֪ǵá
ؾϵѾõĲˣֻ˰̣ôԣС˵ҾǸˣٷǴӣ
裬ԺǾͲһҹˣؾоҸ
ǵһӵūһ΢СĺôͻǸеټҸ
ҵѵʱ򣬾ͽְڳİѺܶ࣬һ춼ڸһ£ɫȥҪ·ʱǲ뿪֡
ֻūǾɣͬʱҹҲ˸е¡
ǻصصʱڳİѷͬһطȻٶȥԼ룬ֵϳԷʱ䡣
ǶӺһ𰾳ĺūǳԵͷҲ̧
ӵĶǺö
ˣǿ԰ЩȫˣܼҶ԰ʹ
̣ΪʲôҪգЩѿӡ
ѱðϵҺɵģǷǳõɷĩ֮ϣˮϡ࣬ٸɲݽһ𣬾ܺǽˡ
ǽһɣͻǽ
ǰȥũ棬·߾ͻзݣ಻ˮֻ࣬
Ȼʱܳǲûе
ܼһã
̽͵ЩѾ͸Щʯͷ϶һԺܱúܼӲ
ܼգգۡ
˵ǣܼҿʼƨˡ
һĮ
ϱ˷
ž͸˲ࡣ
ܼЦڿɳǱˣ
תͷŹܼңʲôǲɳǱЩǽӵġ
ܼҵЦͣϣԵЩ
Ŭ̵ĻȻ󲻸ŵ˵ˣֻū
СܵĽùܼҶūӸٹ̡
⼸һֱҪıܼҵ뷨ϧûʲôôܼҷǳִһūܼҾͻʾūǵ͵ūԶū
ԳҲŬ˵۹ܼԼôģҪҲҵūôԴǾôԴǡ
⻰̫еܼұˡ
Ǿó̵׵öūãֻϿĶԴūǲŻɻ
ūǷǵڶҲµؿģǱѰ飬ɷĩ
Ȼ֦ܡ
Ǻóǰ֦񵽵ȻǣŪӵ״
ʵûеôѣôһֻ෿սõʱʮʪҪһʱȥ̻ǽڣ紵ɹԣϻѣӿǽ
꣬Ǿͺ鷳ˣп˲仯ΪС
ֻڽõ෿𣬼ٸ̻
Ҫ졪컹ڷУһ֤һܸ͸
Ͼǳʪ
ƯūżҲ̸ķӡ
ûһʯͷɺܼ̣һ֪ڷ絲ꡣ
ǺܽͬʱҲܺô෿ӽ˭ס
ܻп
˵˻μᣬǱס
˭Ҫʯͷ
ԼҲˮܵԼϻԼҵĸɲݣ˯ڸɲϺůͣһЩǿԼһ˯
ڳʪĵϣĸɲ˯ѾǳҸˡ
˹ػ죬ÿܼڿյϸūǣūǿסԼֽķӣܼȻܲ⣬˰һ˭Ƿһʾ޿
ڳǱſͣ£˹³ᣬǣغԺ
ѵӣ˹ػܣ뿪ʱ䣬ȴεض෿ӡ
ķķӣ¥һ·÷̫ѩ
˹ػȣܼ˵ʴסЩ
Ҫʱ̼ס˵ʰҪ֪ǲõЩŴģܼҡ
ūܼ˵סЩӵʱֱˣǲ˵ȴϲãţͷ˴ͷ
̫ˡµĴһ˵
һǱЩƻūƭˡ
ô¸ǹ׶ۣūǺֽܿܰķ
ūʹ飬ﺰĻ
ūųǱķ֫صſš
˹ߵܼԣЩô£
ܼңģʵ̫ѧ̫ˣЩūȻһУ
˹ûʣ̧ͷǰĳǱ
֪ǱǸʲôˡ
棬żԵЩɵ
ִܴ֪ܶ˲֪¡
ҲʶԼ֮
һ˾ȻԻڶû˳ԸĨֱǸ漣
˹ЦЦȻǴ˵ľ㻹ȽϺá
ܼҳĬˣۻڡ衱ūǣƲƲ죬ƿĿ⡣


9 
˹شҪ˴ߵнҡ
һ⵰ʣʳһҲһңĹܼң̵Ǻֹۡ
Ȼ߶ͺͶѧУԣΪһķһµѻĲˣÿͿʳëǮ׷ѵֵܻһЩˡ
һĳ̬
ϧǸϷˣ˺Ǯ
Ǯ׬ֹ۵ùܼҾ
ļ۸񰺹󣬵ʵĶ켼ǳ⣬ĵ飬غͿĳһֻ䣬Ӳóʹãֻ֤ʿݡ
Ҳ̣߳ʥԺһµĵûô飬Ǻ䣬ԺֻڵýŲƽˣҲһʽá
ȻǹܶϷսϷոʢеʱйܶɳϷЩϷЩķǳݣͨظϵĸȷʵ֪ô֡
йھģĸƵǴġ
̫ͼӲ
ûִƼĹŴַһǿ̼֣һǰ֣һǳ֡
ַУһ򵥣ΪǴڵĲֻҪľܱ֤̿
ǶʱڣȵһֺãҪ򣬲Чʷǳ͡
ʱڣǳشļˮʡ
ŷ޵ĳּʮͲų֣йһǧٶꡣ
߶Ҫú̿
ڵҪ󲻸ߣһ־ллˡ
ĿҲľõٵ;ӣȻ֯
Լ˼Ժ󣬾һ̨֯ʵ̫ˣȻ֡
ԺǣԼָ᰾ᣬһһԶĹһ˼
Ϊľ֣̿ŪҤľ̿
ҺвٰѣȻ취Ū
Һ꼾Ҫˣ½½ջʽ꼾붬֮ǰµʱ׼ʵʹõľ̿
ʮָмԼǰϷʲôϷϲӪɳϷԼУļӣѼʣȻҶս
ڵɳϷԺܸߣк֪ܶʶ㣬ұҪ׼ӲһС˿ĵеոҶսҪһ׼ʱ䡣
ЩϷΪʲôǮ඼Ŷսƽ̨ʧʧˡ
ϾǸʱҪ˶սҪȥսƽ̨Էľ档
ڵĳ̾ԼϷĸо
Ҥ͸һûשõʯͷûūǽһľͷǼܣΪ췿ӵľ飬Ҥ޽졣
ʲô˹ʳ̵̣־ٶ⡣
̳ż˷۵һܵ˵ľ̿
˹̶棬ĵʣľ̿ʲô
̣յľͷ
˹أľͷճյľͷ
̿ſ˹أգգۣšɣ
˹ʣľ̿ʲô
̣ôɶˣȡůк̣ܶܰճɺ״Ĺ壬ľͷǺöҾߣճ̼ľͷճ̼һ֪Ҫʵ顭
ϲ˵ţ˹ذš
ȳ˵꣬ʶ˹ؿ̫˼˵ʵҲͲ
˹ЦЦһЦªķƺҲû
ûϵϲ˵˹רעĿų̵۾̫ˣ˫۾ͬɫıʯǲԵĺ棬Ƥ⻬پϵ͵
˿ڿˮ߶ɫǿգռɫ
ԷǸˡɫҲûá
˹صַڳ̵ļϣ˵Ļ˵
̣ã
Ȼ˺һ˹أҪ𣿼˷۵ģ˵ֻʣһˡ
û䣬۵ԴҰ䳲Էۼ۸񰺹ۻȥ׵ʱǰһʴǮġ
˹ؽӹһζŴĿڸУȷʵǷǳζʳ˹سһԺãֻΪ̶ԳΪʥԺԺ
ںڴ̻ŪЩʲô
ūҲʽԼ෿øʲ̳ɴʱɸůͣûл֣ҹֻܾ֮¹⶯
ů͡ţͷԼ̺õĸɲϣţͷһӣţͷ˵ǿ׳˯ǰҲ죬Ǻܸɡ
ŪԲԲķӡ
̫СˣǵؾҲסȥ
Ҳûūܱǹøˣһܳ٣˻Ƿס
ϣһֱ
ؾĽСһɸĵؾǰӶϸɲݣ˯һŮؾǺŸҥž˯ˡ
ȻеؾǰŮؾȥ͵˳˵ʱ䡣
ʯ¹ľͷǺϲֹȻĶһЩûõĶִ˲ƣǻľͷɸ״ΪޡʯϾܸɾϸԳƷôƯ
Ǳ棬ǺĽЩūūסķӣȴֻ˯©곱ʪȣǰūֻ˯ϣǾ;˯ȼֱҸ£Ŭ˯ˣȴֻ˯ȡ
ܼҲǵͷ
ȻҲūӦñǹúãͬʱҲãһϸˣӦ˵κξ
ѵôҲǽ𣿣ܼǣܹסڳǱǵңǲסڳǱǾ͹ȥȥסūӣȥһū
ڹܼҵɪɪ˵
ܼһ᣺ԹĻҸҷģһñԹ˵óԸȥסūӡ
Ųӡ
ܼҸءߡһŲˡ
һ
ҲУȻûбԹ˱ԹˣҲⳡ֮֡
ԺҪٸ˵ЩˣȺΪųȨеĵλܸߣҪȫȫźˣԸ˯ȣ
˵֮Ҳߡһ뿪
ʣµǶܺ£Ǻ±ϳǱһϳȥҲū
ÿ궼ܶūܶܶ࣬ūᱻҲӵԼĹء
̺֪ط֣ú֣Ƕ̬ȸˡ
ԣҲ˵ǹη塣
ηڳǰжĶ
֮ǰǻ˵ʱҲ̧ͷм˻ﰮ⡣
ôˣĪʹܼңûʲô˺µ°ɣ
ܼһࣺǵ˼⣬Ѿѵˡ
̣ʲô˼룿
ѵЩõɣԼˣ
Ļ̾͵ԼȫԼˡ
Ȼܼҡͷ˵ǾȻסūһӣ
̣Ŷ
ܼʹļףôסūأ̫ˣ
̺˿ˮ룬ʵҲסūӡ
Ըסֳ©ˮʯͷǱ
ܼңΪԼסڳǱ
лҪ˵̣̫ˣֻҪ֯
Ҥľ̿--ٵ;-֯
̣ӣ


10 
⡣ϣˮһ޿
ܼǰ̸Ƥ̺˵˻û
̾ǾˣҲǳ⡣
ȥũ⣬ȥضۣûзֶΣܲʵÿũص·̡
ùǣ̵ũԶǰһγ⣬죬ǲ⡣
ǰֻ⣬һⶼԡ
ڳ̾Է⣬ԼһˮûС
һݺ⣬֭ܰȹ⡣
һ㶼óԣ³˺ܶϡԺ󣬳ζζһΪˣ̾һ㶼
μ۸Ҳܰû档
Ѭͷɻķ٣Ը
̺ܲ⣬پٰɣĻܳ
ܼ˵Ҫʵ⣬ֻȥԡ
۾һð
ԵĹ߾ǹͷˣĥ֮ãЩҪظʹãʹùҪռƪʵڲ㸻ԣ
ū϶ǲȥԵģǵÿľ̿Ҫ޷ӵķʽֿ⡣
ȥԵ˾ֻг̣ܼңʿͿ˹ء
ù𣿡ʿ˹أһùɣ
˹üͷ΢塣
̣𣿡
RGBϷõĶǹΪľҲù
̣ʲôԣ
˹óһذס
ذͨ巢ڣûһ˿ɫ
ʲôϴģȥã˹˻ȥ
еΣԼûо˹صͬ⡣
˹غȻ˵ذòҵĳҵģҲ֪õʲôϡ
̲̫ţȻģҲֵഺ껪Сӣôòһذף
˹ؿֻ֣ܰذ׷ϣóԼȥá
֡
еء̶Կ˹˵
˹سЦЦüͷߡ
һ˴ģȥԡ
̵ˣȴûذһס
֣ɿ֣
˹ɵİذ֮ת˫ð⣬һߵ˹ǰ뿴ŶԷ
⿴̻ˣ˫ַڿ˹ذ׵ֻ첲ϣŶԷֱϵļ⣬˹صļܾʵЩݣʵȴǿǳ
һһ̫̾ˡ
ǳʲôģգգ۾ܰ·𣿡
˹أ
̣뿴ļ⣬ϴûǲǾôģҪʱ䣿
˹΢Ц뿴Ļ
Ȼˣܸɴ࣬䡣
ϸŶԷǼŶͷÿˮˣҲӵһ⣬ΪϷֲ˶Ȼ֣Ҳûм⣬Ǹ׼İն
Ժ˼⣬Ǹ˹صļһȣļμ穡
ò񫣬̸׼ͱ׼ȥԵİغͿˡ
ˣ׼ˣһ͵Ұޣ
ޣˣڸʲô
찡ڹˣӦöʵʩ̣
س˹أͼԼѿ˹ײǻû˹ص壬ͱ˹һֻ˦ǽڡ
ֻ̺֣ôԼ
غͿѾʧȥǣ˫ͨؿſ˹أƺҪҧ¿˹ϵһ⡣
˹´·ذԳ˵ùǣ侲һ¡
һħմ˵ģǰ壡
̣࣬ͦɾġ
طˣˣ۾ħɱˣó
̣
ʿëԽԽˡ
Ĵ취ǰʿ
ʮͷ۵ضԿ˹߿ࣺ¡
ΣԾԼûиκκΰʾ
ʼԼǲȷʵʲôʾ
˹ĳ̵ļ򣺡⣬߰ɣȥˡ
ãĿʿˣôԣ
˹سüһЦôҪǲܴԣСң
ڿ˹صԣﻹǺΣյģҪȻǵָȥ
̵Ļû˵˹غȻת
һ˹ѹǽϣԷ־ͳԡ
˵ľܽ
˿ĭŵ˹ϵζ
ǺζһֶصζҲǷǳš
˹صĽë˵Ľëֳܣ۾Եø
˹صıᣬȴѹԺԡ
ңˡ˹ס̵֡
ڳʱ̵ִ֣ڳ̵ֱһǡ
˶ɵˣԼǱһ΢ȴһ˲飬ĸоֱǡ
ûӦ˹ؾѾɿ֣ľ롣
ȥ԰ɡ˹س΢Ц㲻𣿡
֪Щ
̶һ£ɵСѧһ˵Ǿ鷳ˡ
뿪Ǳʱ򣬳ͬͬ·ģһֱڻ˹صǸǣ֪񣬵һα֣оر֡
ֱƺſ˹촽¶ȺʹС
˹ص촽Ҳů
˹أôˣôһֱң
ǱץסһͷС˵ûʲô߰ɡ
ܼƴס˳̣ˣûʿı֣ܽҴ˿ֻ̾ҪһһڣҾͲ֣
̱ȣʮΣп˹ء
ܼҺݺݵص˿˹һۣתͷߣˣƬѾλˣʧȥԼΣ֮УˣƬأƬϵˣҰɣ
ܼ̿ҿ޵һͿ˹ء
˹سʼ磬̯˵һȥ¡
˹ЦЦȻϼһܻӳǱȥ
ܼң˵˭ϼһΪ𣿣ʱ㻹Ҫǿ׳
˹ػӻ֣߳˳ǱĴţֻһذף߽ľïܵ֡
˹ˣܼҲɿס˫ȵ֣ԼϵĻҳֱ֮ǰǸĮĹܼҡ
ոձų̴ȿߵ˲һ
ˣΣյ²ʺܼңӦƷƣصķ羰
̣Ķƣ
ܼңѾƣҪ𣿡
Ϊѣðɡ
һ磬ʮ꣬ûȹơ
ȻѾƺȵɫӵ˵𣿡
ܼһʥԺľƣǳһλ˻öҲһСƿ
ֵöˣ
֭Сʱ򾭳ȣƭѾơ
̣
ΪƼ̫ǹܼҲСӣ
лҪ˵ܼңıɡ


11 
֭վڳǱߴӸµĸԼġǳԭʼ䣬ūǶڸɻǶһ۾ܿ˭Ŭ˭͵
̷ָɻţͷˣǼûͣ¹ͣؿҤҤľ̿ؾ͵ǲǾȥһʮӡ
ҲǸūԼȣ̱ȵĻūŬɻʲôûɡ
ԼзҪȥѧѧȥѧϷƣȻĸεذȥѵ
ѵʱʦһĥһɫʣͻϲĽȥСֻ
ʦòУ˵ôõɫ֣㻹Ŭˣ
ڶĺΣлǿʡõԺ
ϧûѧʹ
͵Ⱥֻ͵ʮӵĵؾȫȲ
ʱԽϲĽͷ͵һ硣
żҲ룬ѵʱ滭᲻лῼϹõԺ
ûԳҲֻôһΡ
ǸɼͰ趼ˡ
Ⱥϲ͵ĵؾ¶ҶЦݡ
ܼңŶȺ͵ĵؾѾܾûнܹѵˣھȥܽǣ
̣ãܽʲôûõġ
ܼҿģˣôʴȣ͵͵ĸ
̣û˵ͷǡ
ܼգգ۾ôҾ徵̷
̣ţͷ˵ÿٷԶһЩӺ콱һһ
˲ñ䣬ؾͷֱǰһһٷʲôʱ͵ˣʲôʱٻָ
ܼңô
ܼ룬óԲӱȰҪпᣬΪʮͬʴȶǻ۵ˣ
ؾƤ񣬰ˡ
˵ġ
ܼյЦˡ
̣
ùܼЦе¡
ǾöܱȰã̫ˡ
ڳ̰ѾƱ͵ߣ׼ٺһ֭ʱȻ޴
ǰĿ־壬ϸĻᷢʮζ
˿ĭѾ뵽˷뵽⣬㣬ǴŹＹѩ׵ͣ廨⣡±ͷ⣡
һǿ˹ڴԣ̼ץŻ̫ˣ
ܼұ죺ˣʱ򣬿ɱˣ
̶ԹܼҵĻţԲĻѬ⣬Ҳܺóԡ
ܼҲô֧֣Ѭķ̫ˣڴ̨ϡ
̣Ǿͳˣôԣ
ܼ̾ˣҲķζֻҪһϣ±ζ
޻˵ԼԶܼҵʲô߹ܼҵζ
޴Ұɽϣ˹زذϵѪҰڳ鴤Ŀؽ֧Ѿˣڵ۾ᣬֹͣ˶
˹վСɽҰþԨµҰҲûô
һֺҰŵ˫ۡ
Ұūߵġ
ūǵһ㶼ûԹ⣬֪ʲôζ
ūܹԶӺﰾĺԱǸǳҸūˡ
ţͷǰҰǿԺãԿͣýʵӰסҰ֫Ȼӷŵϣʮţͷһ𣬰Ұϻء
Ϊ˿СҰûѪûײеҰޡ
ָӳҰƶǡõʯΪ׶ϣ᲻á
ʯҲܼ򵥣ȥӱһɫʯʯͷûЩȻڵˤ飬һǵ棬ˣˤһξУֱˤ޿ˤΪֹ
Ѿʯˤòˤˣ᲻
ҰЩ֣ǳϾҪԵ⣬óǰʣµȫŪѬ⡣
Ҳ᲻ΣѬõ
ΨһźͷȫǼ⣬ûҵ⣬͡
ֲ֪͵Ҫũƶ֥飬вͣƶ׵á
ūҲ硣̺˷ܣѾʮ˳ԡ
ܿ죬̾ʹӳĿõһ˾Ϣ
ĵζֻκ͸ֳǰû˵ϣûгϤĽͺʹףỨ۵ȵˣûд׺ͽͣһζȻζ
ǴŹǣֻŹǣûҲûдס
йˣðɡ
⣬ѳҲܳȥ
ǰǰȲŽŨԸ
һιܼûỌ̇̄ȻԳ˵ūĻ޷Ӧó̻ɹܼұ˭괩ˡ
˵ūûһ𣿡סܼҡ
ܼһ쾭˵´κֻĹܼңûʸľ
һãĻ
֮ǰҴȵʱô˵ġ
ҹ̳øϿ⣬֭ò˵Ȼζ϶ǳϲģʱȫζʳ
˹档
̺Ȼʲôֲֻÿ˹ƺǸλӡ
ôˣ˹ŵ棬עų̵˫ۡ
̲˼ÿ˹ػһλ
ǽҲζͣǳùͷƵģûмκεζϣֻǵΪܳԵһС⣬ûζҲԵýζ
ūҲֵһ𣬴˵ӹԼ롣
ǵǷֵĸӹѵҲ⣬Ǻů͵ÿ춼кýôҸһ졣
ֻеؾǵĸо⡣
ΪʲôֻûкؾҴʣֻС˱ԼĲ
ǵĶӡؾŶӣֻϳһͶˣ
ˣ㻹Ҫһ
ؾæ˵ǵģҪ˺ţͷһ
ˣһܺȣ
ٸؾĩβİǰ
ؾǷŭˣΪʲôǺⲻƽ
ԣƽѵǱȲЩţͷ˺Ͱˣ
˷ӣһԵıӡ
ؾû˺
ˤſձޣţͷ˺Ͱ˶ɻǣ޴ֳªĵؾȴһֱ͵ѵô˰𣿣
ɻԷҪôȥأҪôͱ죡ԺһֻܳһٷΪǸа͵Ժָܻٷ˸ոͷ
Щ̷˵ˣû͵
ؾ˵ˣǲѣ뵽¾Ľ͵
еؾ޿˵ÿһؾ͵Ҿû͵
ˡߡһѵܷؾǶһһƤȥ˵ڶ飡
̳һ⣬Կ˹˵ǶȱˣʲôҪĶ𣿵Եıꡣ
˹ЦûУˣѾõҵıˡ
ͷʲô
˹Լ촽Ǻܺõıꡣ
̲֪ΪʲôȻЩ߳ܣһ죬Ͱ͵˵ǡǾͺá
˹һ֣һͷ
á
Ϊ⣬Ҫˡ


12 
ʼľ̿ʱ򾭳ʧܣҪģʲôʱҤʲôʱҤнɹճһҤľ̿ҪջüҤҲˣţͷҵʺճľ̿ľͷ
ǳһһζҲ档
ҶǳеҶ֯ԺԵݶܷˮūǴʱõľҶݶ
ڳ̵ָ£ǰѷҲŪˡ
ҲʱŷְǵĴϾֻǸһľ䣬пӳ磬һǰ鶯ˣһǰܳ硣
˵ĳˣھʮε͵֮˷䡣
ԼҲͲ׸ôǾжصİ취îṹȻûгִîṹô£ҲԲöӰľͷһ
Կͺʹǿţͷ˺ͰȣؾԵûʲôسŵ㡣
ؾó򶴣˼ȥõؾȥ塣
̫ȻܲˣҲѰŪ
Ҳڵ̫ǳȻ׾پܵ
ؾֻ򵥵İ취ںõõļľͷһȥͻᱻ˻ߴ
ڳҲûҪȦҰЩҰ޸ʥԺҪͬǻҲᱻȦҲǰװ׵⡣
ԼΪúñ־ͻӣؾʵҪ͵ãӸҡ
֪Ŭɻͻᱻϳס෿ӡ
а̵ĵؾһڶһߺ޺޵˵ǣҪ͵Ҳֻܳһٷ
ӳūйõӾǰʱ䣬һٷסڷ絲ĺ÷ӣסһҹ˯һȡů
оԼֻҪٶһЩɲˣҲϳȥԸ˵Ļ衣
ڣ֪ܴԼԸ
ΪЩ͵棡
ŮؾС˵С㣬Ҫˡ
͵ĵؾǳеؾ±
ؾһ㶼£ѵǻҴ̫ˣ˾ӦðȫϳȥΪǣһֻܳôţͷ˺Ͱ˶˽ǻֻк
ؾ˵˵žᣬ̧첲ڸ첲ϲˮ裬ֻҪڣǾֻûгԹ
ֻ˵˵ܺóԣܱӣóԵĸͷҲԽȥ
һţͷ˳ʱͷҧˡ
Ҳܳ
ǸϳȥؾȭͷŬɻӦñۣ
θһڶļؾûٳĬҲ˵ԣǸϳȥҪҪٺ
ؾǺܿƶ˼ƻҪϣǼؾ˯ʱǴΣȻҹɫڻߣϵԽԶԽãȻǶ
ٻ߹ܼǼӵˡ
ūǻᱻģ
Ǽؾ϶
ؾǾƻܺãǶ˺üĶӣ֪ûϵԶһ㡣
ؾǺܿٺԳˣ
ѵΪǲţͷ˺Ͱ𣿣
ǵڶ죬֪а˸ؾˣ˸ؾ֮ǰ͵Ǽֱûô򵥣ʵͦĵģȻǰɽˮΪ·վΧҲûгͱĹء
ȥﻹǰǵû꣬·ϲޡ
ȺؾܣܵĶȥȥﵱҰ𣿸οҰҲǺ͵ģ˸˶졣
϶ؾġܼƤɳڣ۾ԲƤ۾ɢǵĹ⣬ߣȺؾеС
ܼңҪͷǣ
ȻԺܻټū
һۣūǺܹģҪúСȥǶթˣ
ʵôͷ
ܼ˱飬˵ǰǰ˸ؾĻҲ꣡ʲôʱµūʲôʱǲŲøɣ
ǰ˸ؾҲСģܼҵڵѪ
ȴûʲôоϾڣûǮʳū
գգۣðɣͰ˵İ죬ɰūϰߡ
ؾǺܿҲ֪جģϢǣֻҪǲ͵úøɻºָܻһٺĴ
ؾԵؾ˵ǵ͵ǻôԸ
ԣ
Ϊٺ
Ϊ

ؾҹﱻجѣμߵǰ˸ؾˣǸںҹɪɪĻﰲᣬ㶼ڡ
ֻҪǼؾڣԶᱻǼؾۡ
Ȼͬ壬ɲûѪԵϵǼؾҲûչ˹ˣǵĺԣؾСʱ򣬻ϣһ𵽰мȥ
˹Ҳãɰ˲۸ǵˡ
С˻ܵõͬչˡ
ؾסԼĸס
ʿҲָˡûзˣǶԿ˹صĵŨʱʱҪڳǰ״ö䶼Ҫˡ
˹شҰҲûٳԡ
ԷʱóǴѬ⡣
ǣ㲻㣿
ʿЦǺǵ˵㣡
޻˵
ڷ֯ľ̿պˣôҲǸ֪Ҫ϶ܴģĵƬ
滹ĥʯĥʯҡ
̾·Զ⣬ܵŪһ̨֯
ڿʼƸǰʥԺ˰ˣʥԺһ£ͷţʮֻ򣬻зֱʮֻļѼ
һλ͵Ժ̺ͼūԺʥԺλ͵Ĵڣ˵ʲôʱΪԭ򱻸ϳʥԺǶǸЩȵۻ
ԺʿһɫĴӣ÷ǳߴһ˶ļ⣬֮׼ԭ·أǳ룬һٷ
Ϊȥ֮ʥԺ֪Ū̶ʥԺ˹ֳַŪ󺦵ó̱Եľͨûз͹ͳһֱڴ̨ĳ⡣
ʿԵĺܿġ
Ժ̵ĵλܵͣȻߵʱƽҲǣɵõıޡ
ԵǺԣǼϵ⣬ѾǺ˲ˡ
ʥԺҵҳϡ˵ŹܼҽĻʱʥĽ̻壬ʥ־
ʿһƴ⣬һ߳Եؿų̣ˣģһʵʥԺʥҳϡ
԰ʿĿū뿪
ʿԶ˻ڳ̻֡
ôڿ˹ߵԡ
̾˿ҸоԶס
뵽õαװ취
ҹҲķǻؼҺ˻ǵˡ
ʵֻúһ㡣
ūҲúһ㡣
Ҷúһ㡣
ȴҪðűʩԽ̵ķա


13 
ˣҪһūȥչǣչʵʲô̫۵ĻϾ٣ÿǸιݣһǵйԳùܼҷһӹȥ
ūĺҲūȻС֮ǰɲװǣЩӴӻ·ʼҪɻ
ݵĻ˳ū
Ϣһûȫǳ
ҲʱҪˣūˣٺˮ֮ܺȣǻ˵ūȴûûչޣҲ
ǳ̾պˮ֮ṩūǡ
ūû顪ȥӱߺˮǼ£ɻҲϰӲɡ
ҲʵܴɽˮܹԸ㣬꼾ܻʯ⣬ʲôΣգΨһǻ֡
ڳ֮ǰ֪֮ǰصΪֶȥΪƽ
ǳҲֵ֪İ취첻ũҩܶȳũҩڿƼˮƽʳܰԼҲ
벻취ֻܹһһ죬ȶȥԺ˵
˺ūǶ󿪵ˮ⣬ǰԼļҲӵϡ
ȻҲ˱Ͼūݸߣǵ˶ҲƽΪƶĺӲŰ͵ߡ
ǰѸĸӹԺҲͲûȥ̽Ӹĸˡ
Ϊ˰ȫǣ̳Ҳûʲô취ܲܲջؼҼĸ
ǽӹԺסĶ⡣
ȴ˷ܣһֻмԻؼңԼĸĸ
Ǽﶼÿ궼ؼҵʱ򣬸ĸڲڣǲǻš
ǴֵܽãǼˣֻ飬ŲٳԼķ
ֵܳΪ˵ҲֻԼһֵܲڽͷ췹ԣͷũ
Ҳôõģһûȥͷȡ
һͣǼСĺӣ㶼ѾˣĸסƶÿλȥԼµǮȫĸĸͷһʧжһȡ
ʥԺˮơ
ˮʪ̺Ӹϣֱ̺ӱΪֹ
ʥԺûκĸ磬ϵûкãĸΪһȳӣԺ󣬼͸ˣΪ͵͵ʳ򶾴
ĸ͸ȴҲ˵ǻؼҵĻ
ΪǲʳǾͻ
ûȥɻӶһȳӡ
һ죬ǶøɻǿȥԼĸĸӹȻֻܿ˫߻ȥûһ˱ԹܰѸĸ˽ӹʲôɱԹأ
ϻбǵ˸ݴȰĴ
Ⱥһһҹǰص˳
ǵļ˼סƶߣļҾǰһˮˮǳˮƶ˵йסÿ춼ҪԶ
ԼĲ˼š
ǼסһխľͷʯͷӲͬľͷӸ׻ľͷҲ׸࣬ﻹкܶͰϡ
ȻţʵŲֱ֮˽ȥ
ȥ֮ɵˡ
ȥ뿪ҵʱ򣬼ﻹûôƾɣΣȴʲôûУңǼҵľǰӺӣұиɲݶѳĴ
ӺӶûˣֻиɲݴ
ĸ硣
߹ȥڵϣԼĸ磬һʱ䣬ݳƤǣһãڸɲϣȳˣûзʥԺȳˣͻ
û뵽ûȴ⸱ӡ
ظ硣ĨһᣬơϡĲأһˡ
˼Ժ󣬲ز۾㱵ʣ𣿡
ҡͷӴĲóһؿʱ۾ˣؿĭóԣССһ飬͵ȥ׽
ϧôܾ׽̫á
سԺڡôˣ
ɫһ䣬þֺ£ѵǱϻ𣿡
ŻˣżҲȥߣͷѾûжٻˣ㵱Ҳӣи嵱ĺã棿
ܳΪˣǶôҫ£
Ϊڸ嵱ˣǼҲûб۸ȻǸȳӣҲڣⶼǰĺô
ɫҰף촽ͣæǵģûбϳǰѼ˽ӵ˵ȥ
²ˣץŵ֣ܵܵ㲻ƭң
Ҳƭ㣬ظ磬ǸʴȵˣҼõˣһ֪ҵĸо
˵ˣʵĳš
ǹȥԺһǵġˮһõһʡŵԡ
˵ĺūĴ룬ԼһֻȰһ
ڵܳԵֲһЩҰˣҲӣԼĸӦû⡣
ľӵǷ϶ͻ©꣬ηҲδ磬С硣
ûǮɣҪ޷ӣҪٸͭңÿܴؼҵҲٶöͭңǮȥɷӣһ궼ûгԷǮ
ö֧ͭŲ˵ڶ갣ֻ޳ȥŮ
ĸĸ˺ܾòŻ˶ѾͷסʵǲŸոʮ꣬ʮѾˣƶǱȽϳٵˡ
Ƕ߽ʱ򶼲ԼСӻ
һǵĵһӦǰϳ
ڵ֪ҪǴȥʱϰͶٲš
ĸ㣬԰Ǵ˵ȥ𣿡
תͷԼһѣⲻΡ
Ҳһ㶣ɵɵɷһѡ
ϰͶȷϺһղӣ˵죬ʰھߣﻹмͭңȥһľ峵
Ҫľ峵ܰѲشȥ
ĸװŰʾԼҪȥŮ
˵ͶϰͶȥ˼УŰȥŮ
ڲصָ´Ķ
ǼûʲôУҲõģҲ˶ٶصҲûʲôֻܴϼֵǮչ޺ͼձ䵱ӵƤ
ƤҲõģܶපֻҪã᲻öġ
ǰܾػϣܰѼľͷҲһЩ
ϾľͷǿյģﻹпľͷˣȻûʲô򣬵õʱҲ׬һͭҡ
ڶһ磬һ˾ͳˣӭųǵϡ
ǲ᫵С·ϡ
ϣ·ϡ


14 
û뵽ôˡԼǲһľ
ԲֹԼĸĸöֵܽöˣһ˴˻ԭļһ˴ĸҲ
ԭԤĶ
Ⱥ˲ܶǱ̿ϣܼҺʿҲϡ
סż컹û꣬ѷӽá˵һ㣬øסȥ֣ٶཨ
ȺȻˣҪ
ҲЩ˰һһ٣֪Ҳ½ʳԼļˣԲ׼ֵ̫࣬ܿԺ󣬳̾ͲùˣֻҪÿһ˰
ϾôˣʥԺ˰ҲҪࡣ
ҲΪʲôǸԸԼȫūƽ
ΪŬǹ൱ƷǲҪ˰ģƽҪ
Ժܶƽڽ˰Ժ󣬾ͱū
ǱΪūˣǻɫشʥԺܣԱҲܣֻε̬ô
ƽûбԹҪ֪ڳʱûУ
һһڳǱ˻ǳԣʲôģ
벻ģūȻһܳٺżܳϺ
ɱȴƽ񶼹úˡ
ūǸɵúþܳԵһźʡģϴزһԣѾϰͳΣûﲻԣǲŻʵɻ
ǰɲūٳԵģһһٵĺҲֻһ㣬ūܻ뷽跨͵
ڵūǵĳԵĶˣūȴ͵ˣ֪⵽Ϊʲôȴ֪Ǻ¡
ʴֳǻۣնضԼ˵ȷӽˣǷֵأҲܳԱ
˶ܸˣһūʴȵĴˣЩƽ̫ܲ
ǸϣһˣǵӲܺù
Գ˵õϢǾεʧΪ˸֡
һؾģǿһӣһ̣̲ƽȥ£Ҳ˺ʿֻ֪ܴÿһˣΧǽ
ܿͰز³ʲôǱֵĺƽûѯʹ
˿ͬʱҲǡ
ȥ̾ԼпܻñȺ֢
еҪޡ
ֱָ𾫸ֵʱֲ˺ܶ࣬ǱǽҲͲһǰĴˣҺķѵ޴Ȱ̼ճɺ״Ĺ壬¯ԺóټŽ̼У̼ʣߺ̼ȻپĴܵõ֡
˵Ȼ򵥣ʵʲȴ鷳
ϾûоܵҲûо飬ܲܳɳ˿Ŭ⣬ÿ
ڷ֯ԭϣҲӿ˹֪޻ڲ޻ƶ仨֯޲ֻҺʥԺƽ񴩵·һֲģȥƤЩƤߣȻ֯·
鲼޲Ҫã١
Ϊڵķ֯ޣĲϡ裬١
ûзߵĹߣǿһߡ
Բƥļ۸ǳߣߵզࡣ
ǰȥũʱ򻹼ɴǸŻʾõĲ飬ޣ÷ɴĳߣͿȥ֯ˡ
ŻոսʱɴӺù˲ûмŪ
ŵĸ̾Ȼܼɴôġ
ַɴǽ̤ģԭǽŲȷһһľֻŽŲȵƵתֻҪϸߡ
ҲѣûʲôѶȵĶ
ôֳˣɴ֯ҲΨһǣȥŪ飿
޻ǲ룬˶˾ΪǮԴҪҲԼϡ
鵹ûϵΪ˿Էɴ֯⣬ܳԣǿԵʳģǳ˷ɴ֯ҲǣǿֽҽݺҲȡά֯
Щ֪ʶǳʷο鿴ģеĻ̾ͶʷȤŴʷִʷ
˹˵ֲԺһ¾飬⼸˵ȫǱܳãֽ̲ܸ߿˹ⶫֻֽ˵˷֯⻹ǡ
˹ƺǵʱ˵Ǹö
ЩйٺãȥĶŪӰ
ЩҰҰȻҲ֪ܳԵõģԹˣҪ飬ôܲѼ֣
˹ЦΪ˶һ֪ôã
ⶫǡã˹֮ǰʱҲӡ
֪һõϡ˹ĿˮĿų̣뿴̵ﵽ׻װŶٶ
һ㶣˷ܵرס˿˹ء
̫ˣץſ˹ص֣̫Ҫ˹İˣһ˿϶кܶ벻Ҫ©ȱ
˹ǴЦȻѳ̵֣һ׼Ĺ
ΪЧͣҵҡ
ЦôģĲԵõ˵Ҫͨĵһˣ
Ȼһ±ƵĿ˹أȥ˴
ⷿӵʱľͱĸҲʯͷ˸߸ߵΧǽһأֻڸʲô
̸߽ȥūǾæſڵϣﻹлҲͣ¡
̼λɹĵؾ
ūûֵģгĻҲȡȡֶ֣еĽʯͷеĽľͷ֮ȫЩûֵĴʡ
ؾû֣ʲôʱĶͷڵϣó̿ԼϵỊ̇ΡΡ˵ԼдӣǺˮĺӡ
ͣĸ˵ǵļһӡ
̿佱ū潱Ϊһ˸֣ÿĺԻɰҲ٣̻һ·úͻ
ϾǱﻹвģȻ޲ôֲһ·Ҳǳݳˡ
ūɵˣĴӣſڵϣһء
ûûҹĸŻҪЩؾϣܿԼŬΪӮһЩ˵ĺøС
û뵽õô࣬ôĶ
һٺаҲԵˣ
ҿ޳ֻĬĬᡣ
Ҳû̫ãڣūܻòڣ£һĶãҲܺúøɻ˼䣬ūǻ˴Ժˡ
ֻҪūǺúøɻû͵ͻòֵūΪ
ʵ̫ζūΪԼΡ
ߺ󣬽дӵĵؾźūһվ
ūڿĽĿȻһͬˡ
ӻͣûһ˷ֽ
ȻūȴԶū
Ҫȱ˸ŬԴ˸ãԴ˸ģԼϺӡ
ܡ˸һЩ


15 
ƽѾʼˣǵٶȺܿ죬ԼΪҲ꼾ҪˣûзӣǾܿڷꡣ
̿æµŵƽǣʹܼңǻ᲻ΪūԼסúö
ܼҺ˵ˣūĲƲǲǣסúãҲӦõġ
ƽȻ񣬵ǳʲ⣬ܶū
ǰƾǣҪպܸߵӺ˰˵һ۵ͷµʳɶӺ󣬶ܹÿÿ춼ܺһ
ԼҲƽ񶼲ԸΪūǹıūҡ
ǻȥˣŻΪūԼˡ
ʲôܳԵܼҺʹȥʴȵĴˣ
ܼҲΪƽ޽£Ϊܴúôǰ׷ʳ
ڹܼЩƽ񻹲ū
ūܿƽԺ󣬺ܿͻ꼾һֱ괺ܸɻôʱǶţʳ
ؽʳȻ֧ô˳Եջ
ЩǣϷһϷÿһ裬ˣܻӦĽҽȥʳôˣû˸ġ
ҸȥŪʳأ̳ǵĿŹܼҡ
۾ôôˮ
ܼҵĶҪˣԴһСһԳϸ˵ˣи֡
ūǳ˴ľ⣬Ҳ˸ֽ䣬飬Ժޱȡ
ȻִĸֻֽƷڵĶ칤ձ
̲ȥⶫ̫ˣһȥ϶ᱻ׷飬˵Ϣͺأִۣһգ̶ð
̾˿̫ˡ
˵ǵͷ˼Щʲûзյȥ
˰ɡ̶Թܼ˵
ǱǰµģǺƽģЩȴܴ󷽡
ǿ԰Ѵ󲿷ֵʳȡЩ
Ǳһӣ˽ĻΪʵ̫һȫʳȥҲֻܻһ롣
ЩԳ˵ã⣬Щôȴֻǰڷ濴һЩǾˡ
ܼû飬Ϊ̴֪￪ʼûǼӼΡ
ʣˣȫҪȥ𣿡
̣ȫ˰ɣߵˣһ˭ļǮ߾˭
ȻܲȻϣǹƾķǲģū޽Ĳʵһӡ
̾ͷ
̫ˣ̫ˡ
ҵǣţķǿȴֻͷţ
ҵǣʱջѾˡ
ֻе꼾Ͷȥ֣ܲΪûжСֻдС󣬴첥֣ջ񣬼Ϸ꼾ضְ꣬İ꣬˲ܵ͡
ЩСҲǸ߲Ʒ֣ûоִʤ̭ûи˸١
ʳС
ûˮֳ̰ԵģҲûкֲҪ͵ġ
ȥʿ˹أһ㶼ʲôĳԻ¶ˮ𣿡
˹ر̶Цˣͱûʲôͬ˶һЩ⣬Ķһ
̣ǲֲʳ
˹룺ǳ˴⣬ǳһֲĸǽ硯ֻҪгСһÿ궼п硣
вͬϾҪֲģ粻ҪһΣͿһֱջ
۾ð̹⣬ضſ˹أп𣿡
˹̯֣ʱʲô֪ġ
йˣͷɥ˵Ǻðɣˡ
ʵ̫ˣɥֱˣ˹̲סס֪ȥĶҵ
˲䣬̾˱عͷóĿעſ˹أ𣿡
˹ɫߵߣ˺ͳ̵ľ룺Ҫȥһʱ䣬һʱ򣬻ѿġ
̣ΣΣյĻˡ
˹سЦЦЦݸ֮ǰͬǲЦݣаԼΣա
ģһŹ˹أϾ鶼ù𣿡
գգۣڸҿЦ㲻˵鲻ù
˹شĻʰһ¶һ·һܵõʲô𣿡
̣Ҫʲô
˹΢Ц뻻һӣյĵطȥ
ⲻ𣿡̾ʪĳǱһǷǳҸ£ֻڷʱ򣬲ɢʪ
һ˼õģԺùܼҸ㻻
˹صЦݷȸˣ۾΢УΪЧҵҡ
뿪˹صķԺ󣬳̲Լĺס
û뵽˹ôɹڡ
ԭôףΪɹ̫ɹʶôǿ
˵ԺҷɹĶ͸˹ء
ϧûĤȻ˹һϲ
ɹ˪ܸá
˹뿪Ժ󣬹ܼҾʿǻȥ˸࣬õļǮ
ҲʳԸĻͲûǮֱӻʳ
ǹƻڳһʱ䣬ֱ󷽵˳֡
һǼǮǾͻѹͼ۸ԶЩֵļ۸
ֻԼǲŻἱ
ƽڽ˺ūһķӣΪ˸ūֿõеһֺɫͿǽϣȸ͸ԺЩӾǷۺɫ
⼸ҪסڲڲԿԼҵġ·
ҵһ֪췿ӣƽһ֮Ǿͻ¼԰
ҰǽĺܺʱͲˣ
סڳʧ޵ķƶ©꣬η磬ѩѩ̫񻹻ѷѹ塣
ǵ˴˻֣ΧڻԱߣŻ¶Ⱥů⡣
ֵ֪ܷܲءƽǲūǱҪԼزܻȥ
϶ģȻ˲Ǻǡ
ƽҲó̶ΣϾܶǳĺͿ̱
ϣƽԽԽãԼūԽԽá
ƽԽ࣬˰Խߣʱ°ƽͿգ֧ʥԺӦ˰ա
ƽԼչˮȻһˮǲˮûˮϰߣˮΪʢˮıʱů͡
ֻҪ˰ѵǣǾܿʼˡ
ʲôסķҸ£
˵ǱȳĴסĶá
ƽЦʱֿ־ĸоʧˡ
û۸ǣѾԼķӣܿܰȥˡ
ҲûΪǰѷӽ϶ǵǮ
󲻶࣬Ѿܺˡ


16 
ľõĹڴˣȻǺֲܴڣиƵĵƬ;ӣһ¾ԵòͬҲ䣬ľͷҪƣľһѺ֣Ȼ֣öͼֽ֯ͷɴֺֿá
ʼǼ̨е⣬ıȳʥԺ￴ĻҪá
ҲϧЩߣÿ춼Ҫĥ˻٣ϲϡŹֵĶ䰮ֹ˵֯ͷɴǹǽ
Ǿϲ
ȻԺܺһڵĺһǾ͸ˡ
ţͷڿģֻ˸ͷʯöˣò˶ǰЩر鷳ĴͿˣҪ⣬ǿĵٶȱǰˣ
ÿ춼ȥǴҲȥ֯ͷɴ
𾪵ǣüŮūˣ
ϵŮū࣬ԭҲܼ򵥣ŮūСɵĻū࣬ȻԵҲ٣ūԵֻٰҪͲʳǼŮūǳرƯڹ߼۵֡
̵ϸūŮūҲֻжʮ
һ¾УǶӴԺŷֵġ
ó̷ѣǸɻǺú̥
ʲôҲܣǸɻҲ̫Υ̴СܵĽˡ
ܼʿͿ˹ضڣֻܶ˵֪֪ӵĸ˭֪ǸūŮūĻҲˣŮūػ
֪͵˺ӰµĻȥ
ŮūĻҲأֵأŮūǵĻǺͺţͷ˿ԺȥεҰݣҪѲݸһ˲УȻˣ᳤ֻ
ũæʱڣŮūǵĻء
ȵ˶죬ūǼûʲôɸˡðŷѩȥġ
͵ūȥˣʳﲻֱѩأūҲûбůڷѩи˼ûˡ
һūر࣬ҪͻôɣūǰҲܸɵ£Ҷʬ岻ᷢڿԺʲôӰ졣
ͺܿȥ֪ͨ˹µġ
µľȥǼӴŮū
ֻ֪ӵĸף֪
ū綬͵ø˫ĻҲ࣬Щ⣬Ůֻһ˯ҲǱ¡
ɻʱ򻹱ǰˡ
ֻܸ̾ūǿǴӡ
ūǲûдڽӴͷûգкӣҲգֻΪԼܹŮū
ūĺӣֻĸףϸס
Ůū̥ʱҲʲô¶ɻڻܶʱȥβݣȥҰˣѰһܳԵĶǰǻеʱҲȻôǣǾֻܳŸɻĿյȥҡ
ȶӸ󣬶øʱжԣ˳İѺ
пϣúƯŨüۣΪҲͣȻͣߵ¶ܼΰѳţͱһȵġ
ιܼҲڣϾԼҪ°òɣ
Ȼȹܼһûطվˡ
԰Թôֻأ
ϲҶԹܼұֳһ㲻Щ
ĹܼҶǹϵ£˵ĲƲǷδ˴£˵Ʒȵȣ͸ɵģôʱ䣬˵δˣ˵Ʒû
ʵܾһڱЦ
Ҳûа취ֻȰ͡
ϣΪڣǶܽӽˡ
Ĺĵ˵ϣγȥԺͲҪٻˣ
С㣬Ҫˡ
Ҳֻ˵ѹֻҪڣ˾Ϳҡ
ֻ뱻˿Ϊ£Ĳõʱ˻ĺõʱ򣬴Ҳ
ϲֱӵĸо
ǼŮūź𣿡
ϵͷۿǼŮūȥ
ĽҺãֻǱĻҳվڴߡ
Ҳܿȥ
ΪúòųΪͣԺбøãܸɵͳ֣ͻᱻԷȡ
̷ֹܼҲڵ⼸죬ǶԼˣܼڵʱǶ̫ܼԺǾһĪվܽĵطüζóܵš
ˣ̲ŷ֡Ǳǵ׶ûϴˣ
ǵڣֱֱɫţֻһ꣬۹Ժˡ
̲סʿϣǶϴһ裿
ϲԣһ̵·һ˵յʱϴһΡ
̣
һ͹һҲ˵һϴһ衣
˿ĭǡʭ𣿡
գգۣˣõģΪҪÿ춼ͨһͷ
ʲôͨͷأ÷϶СϸܵȥͷƤʭӺѹ
˲䲻ˣԼԿ˵Զ㣬㡢ȳȥ
ϲԼʲô
ˣˮڴת˳ȥ
ֻǳûϵɫȿһߣͰԼ˸⣬еëһ飬ȷûҵһֻʭӺһѺ˿
ô
ǵǰϿ͵
ʱ󶼸һشС㣬һʭӡ
йѪˡ
Ȼ´һ˶Ŀ
ϵ˶ëˣжҪտˮ̹Ȼ̫ɹɡ
ūִеĺѸ٣ǲô˵Ǿô
ͷһͷֱϴͷƤͷ۹ȫϴɾ⣬ǵҪϴȥϴǴӺˮԺϴ
ƽǲ̫ܽܣǲܽӲܶӰ챻ִС
ͷϴģŮһŹͷæŰѳǱвƵĺƤë̺ϴɾȻȥɹɡ
ԼҲͷˣԭͷܵԺֻ
ˬҲó̸оˡ
ӣʲôӶᣬֻҪͻһļƤ
ʭӣȻге־ġ
ȹܼҺʿˣҲͷҪͷë⡣
˹عҲҪꡣ
ص˶±ͷֻг̻һͷ㷢ֻҪ̡
ҲͷԭúܺÿͷüëԺ󣬾ԵرŹ֣۾Сߵߣ³ϴһߣ˵ˡ
ٴαһüëأ
ϣ˵Ҫë𣿡
̣
üë᳤ʭ֪ûȾϹʭӣ˹Ƹա
˿ͦõģԺϴ裬ΪʲôһֻϴһΣվרϴӰ
ֵĿų̣ˣֻʥԺȻҲգֻһֽзְֻԱԾϴ衣
ϴ趼ˡ
ʥԺɥĲ񰡡
̣
ʥԺû²˹ֻҪڣԼκһԴʭӣ
ƬϵԴģ
лҪ˵̣˻ߣҾҵʭӣ


17 
ϵ˶˹ͷһͷ䡣
ûʭӵĸоҲܺãһץͷץһֵСӣͣ
ֻҪ˳̸ǵūƽǶʱɻ
֮ūƽǾ߶
ϵȻйأҲ֪ʱôڳͷ
˭ĸۺݣǶҪ϶ġ
Գ̸ˣ˲£ãŬɻôÿʮ죬Щ˾ͻõ
ǿԵõڣʲôøɡ
ĽǮæµһºϢʱ䡣
˶õҲܹ
ڳ̵ȴܼǴӳڼ䣬꼾ˡ
ʱڴ˯㣬ֻ¡һ죬Ȼǻưô꣬˴ƶ˵һˮк£һ϶ûС
ˮڴ̨ϣž
̹̺ߵߣľƵĴŴϮ
ֻܹϴӣˮʪĳ衣
ʼ꣬̾˯ˣ۸Ǽ㱻ӣúǡ
ֳֺʱҲ˼鷳ǰ̿衣
޷ûеطסūǸôȹ꼾ūֻںڵϵȴȥ
뵽̺ȻӴ׼˯ˣȡ
ǶϢʱʵǸǳõĵطɹ⣬ҿͨıȷãů͵ʱסˬúܣŲζ
Գ֮ǰҲûܡ
Ȼһ߹ȥǶŹͷվߣǻﻹ̺ӣһ˹һ̺ӣ̺Ӷʪˣֲ˯ˡ
ҹܼҲڣҲ֪ôûָǣֲԼ⡣
һ֣ϾͰѱŵ̺Ӹߵˣ̵ܵԣСηǫ˵ˣȥϢɣһᴦõġ
̿׼ô
ϴ˼룬ӿǵǣ׳ŵ˵һǰŵ߽ǵķʮסһӡ
ϵǻ֪ͣΪһξô£Ϊһξô
Լŵϵζ
ܺţ׹ԨĶħҲζ
ҲĸԸĸŶԷĽŲԨ
ɺܽš
̣ţô죬꼾ȥ˵ɣĲ
Ȼ̾͹̺ˣûޱֻܹƤ̺ӣȻƵúֻܲһ㲢ů̸Ƥ̺ǿס˱¶ȣ˯˸
컹ûˣ׼׼һЩ̿裬̿ȡůʱ䲻ˣĻϣµķӣ޳ĺԺٴôһЩȡů¡
Լֻг̾һ̫ð
ˣƽūǶȹõһ꼾
ͼ˴һǶڸĸɲϣůԿһһҲ䣬Ҳι̣ûб紵ҲûбܣھƵʱֻҪƿһľͷӡ
ˮ־ܽʣҲЩԵĶ索ĺԼڳҰ˺͸Ҳԡ
ǵһηʱôڵϷž
Сĺվȥ
ǵļУδô
ؾҲˣԼ˯ͬһʱˣǵСʱĸ׸ǱȵһȷȻᡣ
ĬĬʱҲУʱǲ׵ġ
ؾҲҲˣǶūǣУֻҪ꣬Ǳضᱻʪûжĵط
ǰū£ͱˣԺǾͲ¶㡣
ٴ꣬ҲֻӲڣůͣһ
һжΪһλ
󷽣Щū˵ˡ
ǰûаǵ˿ǸɺܶȴԲӣûеط˯
Ƭض˵
ѵĻţҲ֪Լδô
ϣԶؾСԶ˵һҸū
ȴһᶨ˵裬ǲԶūģ
˵ˣֻҪõĸ֣Ͳūˡ
𴲣̷껹ûͣ
꼾һʲô⹤ˡ
˷ţȻɿϷ¡ǳ̲Լǿ̬ȣܾ̾ϣھܿ޳
һֱûͣʱ裬ʱ
ܼǻʱȫܳųܼҺͿͬһƥ⣬滹ľ峵Щ˶û·һ֪ū
ƽôŪ··ƾɡ
ˣ滹¿ūƳ
ľ峵ŲƤӦþʳΪ˷ֹʳʪֻİ취
֮¿˾ūˣľ峵ʳԼƤ
ЩЩ˿ɲô󷽡
ôʳ׵Ĵˡ
ʿǲ˻ðسǱܼūǳʳᵽǱĲֿȥʳԭѾԵÿյĲֿҲǿūǵİȫС
ܼҿһʳȥ֮󣬲Թš
ǳǱǴĺܺõİ׷һƵϣϵ·Ҳʪܵģմ˲
̺ܿͼ˹ܼңڿܼǻʱպˮ
ȥϴһϴȵ̵ĹܼҸð
ܼѾ𲡵ʱˡ
ʱð˵һܺã˵ĵֿǿһָҲǿ
꣬һСͿ¡
ܼ˵áǱǿԵıȥϴ衣
Ҳÿ֪ͨūǣڳǱϴˮ֮󣬵С˲뿪
ūǲԣΪԼʲô£ҪڳǱȴѵ
ֻǰ쵽һ䣬кüľͰľͰʢˮ
˲ôūֻ˵ϴɾС˲ߡ
ūǲϴ裬ûϴϰߣö֮Ͳϴˡ
¹أÿ죬˶Ҫϴ裬ˮϴ
Ҳûִ̫ľͰϴϴԺƤ壬ԱߵƱС
Ǹﻹȼ̿
ů͡
ūΧ̿ڵϣмڵֱ˯˹ȥ
˶ʳʻľͰĹܼҡ
ܼ˵㹻˳ԵʱһҲԡ
˿Цˡ
ܼҿų̵ЦݣҲô죬Լûаæ
ЦݾǶõĽ͡


18 
ߵȫ˳ȥڳǱֻʣһЩЩͲˣԭ֤òУʱʥԺ϶Ҫ˹ʡ
ڳǲʥԺཻ̫
ܼҵ֪˹ȥѰҡ硱ʱʮֲţԳ˵ˣ϶ռ˱ˣҸˣ˹
ܼҵĶѪЩȻѾˣֵǮ¶ʿ˵һʺܴĲƸ
ͰصǺܿġ
ˡ
غߵٲߣҾҪ
ڿеӣùܹҰˡ
زʾҲԣֻûҰײǰֻ۵ҰǰһΪϵ⡣
˵⣬˿ĭֲˡ
Դӿ˹شԹԺͦʱûгԹˡ
ҰЩżԵǲ񫡣
ڿҪҪʿϸֵҪھսһҪʲôΣգҲֻˡ
̵ֳģͦҵģȻʥԺ򣬵кܶԲƽԸ⵱ūѡΪܡһ𣬵ɱӡ
Ȼץס·һ֮ǰԼٱҼŮˣ˵Ѿֵˡ
̿ɲġ
ҲĲСֻһ
һ֮͸ϧˡ
̴СϧĸЦָߣˮɽĦֵȵòȫʩȥҲԲźӱߡ
ǧ㣬û㵽ԼΪ·⵽֮֡
˴̨ϵĻƿԴϡ
Խǰһ̣źԩ
Խ֮裬ѣԼֱ˾ùԼϷ˺ţüǴӳпʼģȥҲһǮ֪ûõ
Լʮ꣬ûÿرԼƨˡ
̾ܰЩ˺ȥҲܵõ㲹
õǸ˺ţ֮ǰʮأ
װγģ˵װռBOSSҡɫӣǧ֮һŷʸ壬һ״˵װû֣Ҳ̫ϧ
ڳ̻ûеףʿϾʥԺɸģǵǶʥԺĻǶģûʲôš
ʥԺʱõǲ
ʱʥԺԺϲ׼ȷ˵ʥԺŮϲ
Ϊڲ˵ûжֶŹ
ԺʥԺԺΪϴ񣬰Ժλ
ܾ̾ˣ뵱Ȼԭǲÿ챻һȻˮá
ʵʥԺҲͨˣֻϵʥԴǸõϴǵꡣ
̿˺ܾãһֱ²ġ
ֱһ죬̺ȻĻѶܾʲô»ᷢ
ֱûг
ѧʱֻҪϰĶһῼĶ
ûϰĻ
ȥԺеʱǰһϿᣬڶþͿˣҪдӣлƿƻԼһˮ
ܿ鹹ͼ⣬ЧͲá
ڣһͼôණ£ͼҲԵӵ
ÿЩĹͼ
ˣﻭͼĻû
ǹرõġ
ڽϣҲĻţԲżӿ첽ʵӿŲǸƿҲ
Լ˵
һţ֪̾һ·ʱҹҲƲڵ̴Ӵ˳ѳǱҲ
ūƽǶ̴ûбֵô
ܼҶ̵ɫסˡ
̶Թܼ˵ÿ˶Ūһҳֵļһ
ܼ˿ĭ˲£Ѿӳ̵Ϳио˼Σա
ǻãȻ׷ʲô
ʱֻ˵ҸոʥʥңжϾҪƬأǱ뱣Լ
ÿ˶ţ֪ǱʥԺģԺɳʥǻƬز㸻ģҵ·ߣô꣬Ҳûͽ
ţʱȶģʥӻǣΪʥҪǣҲʥ
Ȼ
ܼҲ˵Ÿʲôȥˣ
ܼҧ϶ڳﱻ˿ʳˣ
סģôľ峵˶Ŀ
̰οĴܻôʳĹ͡
ܼͦţˣҾԲ÷ͽһͷ
һЦã㻹ǸҴһɡ
͹ܼϹͷ¹ܼˤӣûͽȰԼˤ
ʿҲ˽ǡ
Ͱ˯㣬ѵʱ뷢ƢֻǳĻû˵ڣϾϲ˵˵ոʥжҪأ
Ͱɫһ䣬æȥԼ彣
ǣǸ֪ͽ
ֻʿʣµȫ˺ūҪƽ񣬸ܺЩ֮ͽԿΪʿҪΪԼսһ̣һѪŲʿ֮
ҪΪǰĶܣеĽ
Ľս
ϣʿˣҽǵ
ѳ
ǳôĹǰͼֽģΣյʱ򣬽ûеʵãǸ߹Ĵսɱ㡣
Ͱؽӹõ־֪һ
Ȼ⡰ú֣ɫǵ彣ȫͬҵ淺ź⡣
棬ֻһָͱƣѪڵϣȴȻʹ
ֻǴ͵˵áý
ظһ˶ɵˡ
ΪʿԶԶһѺǵ𺳺и
ϣ˵еǴġ
ͰضճյĿĳȫû˵ʲô
ҿһ˶Ըʮ⡣
Ҳ˵÷ͽ֪ʲôп־壡
Ҳܿں˵ʲôųͿųǱ
ΪʵûдŪĻũߣūƽֵĶǳͷ͸ӡ
࣬ͷӼҲֻвʮѡ
Ƿָʵˡ
ţͷˣţͷһӶڿģȻùӣȴֻȥɱˣǶңСɪɪӴҲͰ͵ؿˡ
ˣ
Ⱥţͷ˰׳ôĸͷˡ
ǵؾվ˳һԴţͷù˸ӡ
еؾҲ
ǻ࿴Ҳмȥù˸Ӻͳͷ
ǳĬţ֪ҪˣûһҪܡ
Ů򶼱ʲô׼
ڳǱĳ̺Ȼžʹ̧ͷ˵ˡ


19 
վڳǱĸ̨ϣܿԶǻǿŵĻѷĹ⣬Զʱǵϵǳֻڳ̺͹ܼҶ޷
ܼǿ򶨵˵ˣµģʥԺһ
üͷ壬ƽʱȻŵµʱȴܱκ˶򶨣Թܼ˵ǳ鲻ȥʥԺţʥԺ֧Ԯǣ´֣ҲѾˡ
ҪǱԼʥԺ˵ʱֻܿһصʬǲк
˲󼺣ǰ˵ĵ
ǵԭ
̵ܼĻԺɺ򶨣ָڲĲ
˺ܼܶңûǿɺܶǿֻͨƽײеǿûм˵ֲΣרΪǿ
ǻеʳɱˣŮֹ֣ˣ뿪ʱŮҲɱ⣬ҲŹ
ˡܼ˵ھȥ
ҡͷұڡ
ڣūǻң־ǣʱǾͻ׸ĸ
̶Թܼ˵ǿǻģǽ졣
̰ԼԵøأɿһЩ
ҲţԲֳܱ
Լ˵ģˣˡ
Զӱܡ
ԽԽǿٶѸٵƶţڿҪʱϨ˻ѣû˻⣬ҹõ塣
ūǼҹä֢Ҫѣǳ˸Եİӡ
ͰȻūūǶսǴʱ˿Ҳû޵ķˣΪʿǶܹ֪ڲս²óȻ
ϣūƽ˵ڲ֪жˣǾţȿˣһЩ˸ңһЩ˸Ǵйȥ
ūƽֻҪˣҲ֪˭
û취ֻתһȦѸԼȦ˶ſ
ܿ죬Ǿ˽ŲǱ治򣬿Ͱػһۣݺ˿ĭ̫ܲܿͿڵˡ
غͿһԼܻǣϲս
޷άƽ⡣
֮ǿ󣬾Ϊάս
ڵȻҲֻǿȣս
ʿһֻ棬ɼҲǱʥԺܿŵģҪľ´
ͰػһۣӶԷ￴˼ûп־塣
ʿ˵ֵÿ־壬ֵÿ־òʡ
ؾŸͷܺ£ӳʼūƬϳߵɽĺҲûи˴ܣūǲܵġ
ūĲƲһūһūˣ˾ͻװʧһū
ԼҲΪӹˣūѾĥеƢѪԡ
ǲŸոǿĽŲ̲סҪſڵϣƺͰȫˡ
ÿŭµʱֻҪôſ£ӳڱϣͲ̫ۡ
һΣգʶҪĶ
ӱѡУŰصһߣһСԷӿǸǾһһҵİжԷԷһ䲻⡣
Ҳ֪ʱҪʿȻĲʿūӦһġ
ǰ˵ֻҪܸңǿǱ֤˿϶άǵģ
̴Ʊֻ˵
ūԣ͹ˡ
ǹǰڵ֣ԽԽĽŲ
ÿ˶ֵܷͷͳͷõľ
ŲˣǺܼٵĽŲһܣＱǰ
ڽŲȻʱҳ壡
Ȼʿس˳ȥĳڸոճֵ¹˵ӵĺ⣬ֱۺͶͷǰ˳ʲôһ˹ȥ
ֱ̫˶Էһֻ첲
һĲҽ
ѪҹʽĻ
ز֪Լɱ˼ˣֻԼȫսʱԼĽ飬ؼϵĽػԼơ
ѵڣԼ޼᲻ݣ
վڳǱϣһ̣ͻȻʶԼĲһϷ
ǻģūƽʿǿ
Ǹһһˣõ׷õ
̺Ȼ죬ɤӴսʤǣūݣ
һΣһһδ󺰣Ҳһ
ܼһû̡
ܼҿų̵ıӰ˸Ứ
λĻҪǿ
ū˳̵
ŸӣȻǿͷϡ
ԶūĸԶūδĺҲū
ҲɱۣزͬûϹսǹĺӣĸֻһλ͵оܶ˶Ϊһλͬĸĸ磬λ䲻
׺ϲȥʥԺһʿ
ԺܸһǿĹ壬˵ҲӵԼľλ
ҲûɱˣȻ߰ϹսҲΪİغ˿죬ɱˡ
ûеĿ־塣
ĵϲܳԵ˴ûкǳͷ
ҲĵϲˣԼԴ˵ĸ飬ӦóƵǡˡ
Ȼ˲
ˣҹզࡣ
峿͵ƬϣͰز֧һƨ˵ϡ
ضѪʬ
ûзŹһǿ
ǿǸǿ׳һ֪ԴΪʤü϶˰̣ŵ֪Ǵһġ
ĵطѾûˡ
غһѾվˣûзĵ
սҪػǵûܶūԼԼ˶ˡ
㱨Ĵӡ
촽ɵķѣǸɺԵѪۣ˵ʿˣһ˶û
زŵؿҲͬ
ôأ
촽˿ĭ˵ʮˡ
˵⻰ʱᡣ
˭֪ˣˡ
ǵԼСʱһūﱻһ֦ˡ
һССĿӡ
Ǹ˿ھͿʼƣͣŧٺǸūˡ
֮ǰһֱں
ջǶŶġ
ԼҲˣֱһ˿ڡ
ԼҲҪˡ
ҲΪһˣūġ
㹻ˡ


20 
ѵû꣬Ȼɵģ̫
ǿʬ廹ԭأܼҵڸֱˣҪǰЩʬˡ
ȻѾʱôȣ̻ǵ߲
ܼȻᷴԳ̵
ǿһʮˣ񲻶Ͽ壬Ϊһˡ
ʮֻвʮǿ׳˶ͳһģǸռŶӲãǵλ̫͡
ûȥʬ壬е
ǰɱû
ʬ壬Ҳݼҵˣȥ᳡һ̡
˱˴ĺƯ˿£ϻױܴ飬û
ǿʬɲôÿȱ첲ȣЩƶˡ
γûˣҪ鹦ڰغͿǿ׳ЩˣϾԷӦǴӱģ죬ϵĸɾ䡣
ˣ˵Ľˣֻһȥ񣬻ƴȭš
ɿͰŵǸֵ
ܹʿ֪Щط˵Ҫҿһ
оҪ鹦ūƽִ˿ͰصǴ߰УԷŷӦһߣһҲ군ˡ
ʱܹѾǷǳŵˣ󵽿սֵĽ֡
Ͼ˶ٵսʱֻҪһ־壬ͻ̲סˣеУͻʶתͷܡ
ӱټʿս
˵¶Ǽٵġ
̾ҪԼս᲻ҲܴƱ
ȻѾһˣһ
˵˶ú𣿡ʿϡ
ܼұϾʹˣ㣬̾Ͱչ˻񽻸˿ϡ
ÿ˷ܵͨ죬۾Ҫ˿ĭȰɤԺ˵źˣרڳһӣǽȥ֮ǰҲɨɾˣˮϴ˿ڡ
ҲҩҲ֪ʲôҩֹܹѪִֻ֪ķˮ߾ϴ˿ڡ
ǲеģľľ֭ûʲôֻˮ
˿ණģǾҪܵˣˮһϴϴɾøɾĲס
һʱ˵Щ˲ҽʱ
˿εζһܡ
ʼ˹ˣÿ˹ʲô˵Ҳҩ֪ʶ
ԵĻ̻Ҹҽ
ҪֻѪ˲Զҽ
ܱǷѪˡ
ҽѵãһ־ͻᱻΪйϵԶạ̊́ϣŲո˿
ö֮˶ҽҩҲţܵҲ˵ڡ
һʱأܶҰ˵˱ץ˵ȥɲҩģȻͳͳ
ҳ̶ȴԼҲֻƺƵɱŮжԱˡ
֤Ůף֤ȷ䣬ֻŮײŻô־塣
򶨣ŮףΪֻŮײڴͷʱô򶨡
ӵˣôͲŮס
û֤Ůס
һٱǲŮף
νı𷽷淴棬ֻһۡ
ҽҲʥԺΪҽڸħͨ˵ҽķҲܶ࣬ӣҷǳĪ
ÿ궼ǧҽ
̶ԿЦЦĺܺã⼸ǰСɡ
ͶӣС󰾳ĺ
һȰһߵĹܼڣֻܵͷǡ
ȿߺ󣬳̲ŶԹܼ˵Һǿࡣ
һǿţڰϣƾˡ
ԱǴڷǸǻм˿Ҫˮϴһ˿ڣüһţɱһĲҽС
áȥԱй
Ϊ˵ҪָɾЩҪ˳ȥš
Ժ˾ͶųõСˣǹζŨҪԱƴĭȫ֧ԴȥһĴΡ
ڷַһһ룬ҲûС
Ա⣬˶ܵһ롣
ӴʱͺĸһСﻹ֮ǰĺܷţ׻ž˻Ӳһһں˵Ѿǳζˡ
ԭϾһ̣ڸ˼˺ۣֱ۵Ҳòˡ
˵òأûк˻һﶯá
ؾСںź뵹ӣסˡ
裬Լԣҹˣĸײջֱۡ
һΣһѾϣһΪ˸ɻ˵СöӰĺԲ˼ڡ
ʱ˯ܶ˶˯
ǶһǼٵģ˯ˣҪصȥ
ǻȥ
סôõô꣬ͷһκȵСûлʱҲܹϢԣ˻ǵĻ֣ˣֻҪˣǾͻǵȡů
ӺһںԵԼǿɾ촽Ժ˵裬˵ֻҪܹսʤˣͻǵūݣǳΪ񣡡
Ȼĸ׵ķӦȴڴ
ɴ۾ŴӣͰ͵ʣū
ӣԣ
ĵؾҲ˹ǳĬ˺ܾãһūʣūǵʲô
Ϊû͵񣡾Щƽһ
һؾС˵Ҳ뵱ƽҿһֱ˵ū
ӵҲ˵ƽ񣬾ҪԼֵأ˰ҪǵūʲôҲõģ˶ôãֻҪúøɻͿӡ
ûеƽǺܺ¡
ӲΪʲôô룬ؾͬĻ
԰Ҳ뵱ƽ񡣡
Ҿͺܺã˲ǣҲǣҳԺ

ӿǣ֪ΪʲôȻӿһ޷͵ķŭū󣬸ɻԷ˯ûԼļңĺҲūԶū
˸ı˵ĻᣬΪʲôԸ⣿
Ӻǣôġ
ǻߣ
Ϊ˵⻰ĸס
ܼʱҲڸū¡ҲŵùǺûס̣侲ˣŶԳ˵ҪūݣҪϱʥԺģһãȫʥԺǲӦġ
գգۣô죿
ֻܼܳһȽӹ⣺ڵ񣡡
׹ܼҵ˼ǲҪٷ棬ʵǿƽܵһУͲһһūǾԶţ᲻һʱߣҸͶ
һ˵ǰ˵Ҹɼ£Ҹһȡ
˼ҰˣɵûͦãȴѼȸ˼ҡ
ˣʲô¶ɵó
ܼ˳̵˼˵ûаѼջȥǰѼȸǣֻǲǵű˵ԣѾǵĶӣô˵ûأ
̺ǳԼܵ˿飬ôĳŵأ
֪ǣܶŬϣ˲Ҫĳŵ
ǳ˵ū֪ô
Ҳηı䡣


21 
˹ػ죬ưô꣬ɽС·ϣ̬ӯˮûһϣϾҪ̵߽ʱˮŽʪ
ﻹһӣƤģȴ겻մ
һͷڵĳҲ𽥱ǳɫɫͫҲ˱ɫ
ֵ߳һֱ̣ˡ塱
ūҲ͸ӿ˿˹ء
ǺܿѴˣΪƮȥ
˹˳ǱĴţŵ͸ԲС׿Ժ󣬲Ŵ򿪴
˺ڵ˵ȥøɾ̺ӡ
˹ֹ˶Է̧˵ˣȥ׼ˮ
æȥ׼ˮ˹Ŵߵ̵ķſڣ̫󣬳ﶼûȥڷ￴顣
ȻػؿĶó̾ļˡ
Խ֮ǰϷС˵װǮȥˣòͶߵĴ͵һȻиսë
Ҳ˼ߵĺѣÿִ߸ʱ߻ǰ壬
֪Ժûҹ߻ŵдء
ϧǿˡ
Ժ󣬳æȥš
վſڵĿ˹ʱ¶һԼûĲЦݡ
ˣ̸˵ûΣհɣ
´˹أֿ˹ؿȥ㲣ֻǱܵȫʪܵġ
ˮʪһͷ·ûԵǱ
ִС
˼£ʲôġ
ٴθ̾˹ȻӾԼ
֪ԷеģΪúãƲĿ⡣
ɫ˰
ʲôʱС˵ɫ
˹ضԳ΢Ц
һЦԡ
ªĳǱƺһ̶û
˹ذŵƤݸ̣Ӧǿɣ
˹صͷԣ꼾ò֣ܴźܾãŵֿ꼾ȥˣҲУ¾Ϳջ񡣡
ջһԺԺ󶼲ٲ֡˹سգգ۾
˷ܵؽӹ򿪴Ժóһ硣
ɫģһжģһ˵ȭͷеȷӲʸʯͷ
̣еÿ
˹أŽһܳˡ
ǳһӽ¯ַ˱¯ȡůһô
ʱˣˮպˡ
ȥ衣˹ȻҲϲôʪܵӣ·ϣ˵仰͸ȥ˱ķ䡣
ڴߣű¯Ŀ翾á
¯յľ̿ľûж̵̣һһ˸ľȥ˴û뵽һֱӴ˸Դ
ǳæѿӱ¯ٳ
һԺ󣬳̰ѿõϣзģѾȫˣ˺ǲɫƤð˳
̴˴˺¶洿ɫ⡣
ССҧһڡ
ĸоеͷǱͷһ㣬ζȻͬ
ζǺζ
ζȳĻҪãõö࣬Ҫóԡ
ϾȲǣҲüûлͣС⣬ɶûС
ƶó̸е
̰ԵĸɸɾʣµĿɲҶ꼾ȥ˾֣ܲʱͿջȻÿջһΣڻбõ
ȿ˹軻ϸɾ·ӭľǳ̵ӵ
˹ر˸⧲ϵıܿӴ㵱򶨣̱ţ˶ĻֱۣͰѳ˶סˡ
ôˣ˹صͷıǼڳ̵ͷ
ͷ̫ˣֱʹ
˹û˵
ǳһĨЦ
һǶȣЦΣֳа
ֻϧ̿
̵˫ַڿ˹صϣľ룬˹Ҳɿ˻ס̵˫֡
һж˵Ҳ֪ôܸл㣡ķѾŹܼҸ°ˣ䣬Ǹûб¯
˹ҡͷ˵ҲҪ¯͹ˡ
̸˵ͺˣ㹻ʳ֯ǡ
ֻҪֳǾӵкܶණԷ֯鲼ǣƺֽ
һȴôô
̻˵ū˵кܶҰ
Ȼ꼾Ͼ죬óҰǳˡ
Ѿͺˡ˵ɽơ
˳˹ףҲܺã֮
ϾﲻʺֲѣҰѣǿô궼׳ɳ
̼˵ǰһǿˡ
˹صɫһ䣬ץס˳̵ֱۣ´ų̣һֻȥ̵ĸ첲
ֱЦû£û£ǻǿˣһ˶û
Щ⣬˵ūƶȶҺ¶Ȳߣûлŧûзס
ΪԷ̫ûһȱ첲ȡ
˹ûб顣
̣ԲūҶǵūݣ񡣡
޷ȥ⣬Ǹϵƽûʲôͬ
˹غȻ˵֪ʲô𣿡
̵ͷãЦŵʱ˶ڷ⣺֪ҵŵԡ
˹ûм˵
ֻĿĿų̡
ʵԼĹԼƺ¡
Ȼֻйſƶ򣬸ϸ˵ȨʥԺſƶ
ʶʲô
˹û˵
ܼҲһ֪ܼҲѡ˵
ǹܼҸ̵顣
˹غȻʣӵһ𣿡
̲ԣ̫ˣٴθ˿˹һӵ
˹رס̧̣ͷվȾͷĹܼҡ
ܼҴźɫҲǡ
ܼ΢΢ͷ֪˭һ
һ˲䣬˹˶Էͼ
ܼųǰߣܼˣܿҲ֮ǰų̳ΪԶһ
Ǳׯ԰С
˹سܼЦЦ
ܼҿҲ¶һòЦ
ڿ˹صĻ˵㱧е㴭ˡ
˹ر̫ˣ
˹æɿֱۡ
üͷ˵ôҸô࣡
Ϊ˹ȳƣȻȳ˾ͣԿߡ
һԱȣ̾;Լʵ̫!
ȻֻһСĹ˷֣Խ֮ǰò׹һߣзϵߣû뵽һأҲһصǰ
Ȼڵձ鲻ߣ̻ǺԼߡ
֪Լ꣬ܲܳ
Щţͺˡ
ʱһţ̣ȡһ׾ţ
˹أţ
̣̣
˹أ
û뵽ôˣȻӤһҪ̡


22 
ţ򲻵ˣ̻еģϵֻĸ̺̣²ǰУڹܼҺǹ£̺һ̡
̸ۡھ˳
̣ʲôζ
ͳ̴Խǰȹ̷ζȵҪ
ܼҺ򶨣ˣ̾ζ
̣Ӷڲĸ˸áܼ˵ܶ嶼ôɡ
̣
ζ̫أ̱ʾܾ
ϧûвҶȻӵҶ˵ȥȡ
ֿʼˣԽ֮ǰôǴԻһԱҪʲôûУ̲ѩǣСϺȴ̼Բϡ
Ǹѵ÷ӣūǶɳȥժҰȥˣҰѺֲ£ͷСڸиɬᣬҲûֲѺãǳҲûп޵ġ
ϾѾûǮˣǱˣʣµĽζ
вǮժ͸øлأĻж
𣿡ʹܼҡ
˵Ķԭʼ󣬻õİѡܱߵİѾ챻ǻɾˣȾ·ŴȣľƴͿյľ
ľƾƾߣҲ㴼
ΪСҪ̸ԸѡʳƣľƾһЩ˵ܸ˿
СҲȻƾơ
̵ڼûµʱŪŪòɹĻƾƺܿࡣ
̾Ƹ㡪Ƥϵİɫճ
ܼҵͷѾ˼ˡ
ܼΪϹ棬Ͼļڴ˺ʥԺҾƵļ۸ֻ߰ʹ
ɴû˵ƻҪһЩֵֹĶ
ҲֻһЩҰѣǮܼҲͲֹ
ǳ̲֪͵ѽҲŪζǲϰߣ֪ûƶһ֪
Ҫ֪ԼᴩԽôҲҪӡһϴ
ū㳲һͰΧеҰȫժ˻ūҲ˲٣Ȼɬᣬū˵ҲǺζĹʵˣæŸɻʱ֣ܽ˵ѳԡ
֮ǰҲЩҰ
ˮԸȥСȥũ
ũҲôǮ岻Ը٣Ҳƽˡ
ܼô˵ʱ򣬳һʱ䣬ţ̹Ըѳɶֵţ̵ˣҲԸͼȥ͸ˡ
Ϊͳȥǵͼȥɱֱøߡ
Ҫ֣ͼҪװǮ
ô㶼ֱӵȻʧ࣬
һһҰѱūǰᵽֿϴЦȻúܺãǽȥֵʱ򣬾Ȼû˿ǣǳժ⣬Ҳ˺ܳʱ䡣
Ǿʹûﱼܹûиܹ紵ӵĸо
ժһŮˣժҲܺãûһѱƣҲˣõһСѬ⣬һ
Źڳͷ
ϿĳͷūǸɻģԽϿᣬԽǻᱻ
ͬԽ࣬õԽ࣬һУǻụϾ
ҲƾʲôԣҲԣ
ūҲˣ˶һġ
ͷӦֶΣõֶΡ
ŮȻû뵽Լܻýеİ˶ڿǶĽĿ
Ǹˣӹ͵ͷ˵Ҳ̧ͷͮͮģƻ
ϴһ¡ǿϴʱܰǲɫĶϴܲɾƣͿǲɫĶˡ
ϴҲֻģˮŪ¡
Ȼƣ˵ЩŮŲľͰѲ顣
ڳ̾ýŲȲǰϴɾԺһſŵ顣
һҲС
ýţ˭֪˭н
˹ûƵİ취ԼҲȤԼһͰѣѵ֭Һ˳ſ˹صָȥĵÿ˹صƤס
ĶҲ˿Դֱʮš
ľƶҪȸøζ㴼
ϲȾ𣿡̶һԣſ˹˹һſŵѡ
˹΢Цżһ㡣
ȤôƵģ
˹ҡͷֻܺȣӲ𡣡
йС˵һΪʲô
֮ǰΪ˹ʲôʲôᣬֱߵİٿȫ飬û뵽ԷҲв˽ⲻ֪Ķ
˹ͣĶҲûϵĹ֭첲ʳָĴָס˳̵°ͣʹ̧ͷ
Ϻɫ֭ˮմ˳̵ϣãĿſ˹ء
˹صָ΢΢Է¶ı飬Ʋסƻɫʧʱ򣬲Ҫֵôԣһĵġ
գգ۾Ӧ˼룬Լոյȷʵ̫á
Էô࣬ôΪԷ˽ƾͰʧֵôأ
˿˹صĿô죿
ǳ̻ϴ̬ȶҴˣȡѵ»ؿ϶ˣ
Ŀ˹ؼǿſ˹ص۾ԼϰĿ˵ˣԭҰɡ
˹Цһһ˹Ա߸ɾĲݸ̣°Ͳһ
˹صָ֭ˮϸزɾʿ˹أ𣿡
˹أûˡ
̵ͷȻʿ˹أҳô
˹ؿų̣һʺš
ֻͭ￴ԼʱûˮͭյĺܲǼʮ⣬˾̫ĥ̫ãֻܶԼĳиǿĸ
Ǻڷɫ۾ۿԼǰҲߣûоˡ
̣Һܺÿ𣿡
Ƶ̾˿
ôΪһŻӣ
Ը⵱˧磬ǵ˧Ĵе
ĸ˧·ϻᱻƨɣ
˹ز̵֪ҪʲôĴ𰸣ֻ˵ܺÿ
̣ÿ𣿡
˹أ
ףԲˣԼƷֲ󡣡
ÿ˹زôϲΪ˹رùֺÿ
˹գգ۾Էı̫޹Ȼ̵ֲʲô˼ڳڿ佱
̿Լڿ˹ҲҲ𰸣°ͣԹ԰̫̾ãҲһ
˹صͷѣʱ뿴̵ﵽʲô
̣ȥϴ֣һѡ
վ˹תͷų̵ıӰ
ʱóĹ˷֣ʱ־óһԴ
ָ̹ӣЩ͸
Խǿ͸ԽƲĿ⡣
ôһֱȥ
лҪ˵̣Һÿ𣿣
˹أÿ
̣үΪʲôһӣҪôò
ˣ


23 
Ȼ֪ʶ̻һ⣬ǾǸ費Ҫ衪úҪֺҪÿ𻵣û𻵣
ûܹش
ֻܸǣһǰ쿪׽裬һͷǲҪ
Ҳֻһ롣
ǵ÷һܺҪˣȻѹ˺õľٴܷʮ졣
ūûлɣ쿪˻ģҲԺðûҩԣҲûɻֻйܼҵūǡ
ܶôãܼҺǼǱ棡
̾˿һֱ꣬Ҫ£ҲҲ
ܼңǰʱҪɻ
ǳ̫ʴˡ
ǰū𣿡
ܼ˵˲ᣬСᡣ
ˣǵġܼң㲻ȥ꣬ҲҪ£ȻǣʱˣǾͻ취һֱ͵Ϊ֪һˡ
ܼ˵ҲеƱۣĶһ
ȥİ취ūЩֹʱŪȥˣ˿ЩľǾ츳ڵؾ壬ԱЩٿȻʲôۣôҲڴֵ
ţͷ˾鷳ˡһ˾ϸǸɵҪķָɵĻһѶŪ
̶ûţͷȥҲҪģǵ
ţͷҪ¾ͼ򵥶ˡ
ֻչЩơ
ԭ̻ūΪţͷҪɵıɣ
ţͷսս⣬ūһûС
̻ܺȥ˳ﰲȡ
˵ĺֱӡ
ûƣˣǵְ𡣡˵Ȼ
ūȥһ£ūȴûаãôһᱻͷ
ͷǺģūͷ
һ͵
ûū
ǳ극̾ҿ˹ȥˣЩǳʿ˹أҰĳͷһô
ڵĳͷʽǰū
һһҹҪԶһδεˮ嶼ס
οūǳԲӣӪôһ⣬·һ
˹ؿų̣ʵôģأǹܲס˵ġ
̵ͷȲôһЩ͵˾ͻ䱾ֻҪǷŬĺôҲֱӰǴ
ǾͰǸϳȥ̾취á
˹ȴҡͷ˵ǳȥˣô˶֪˽ƣ͵ѧʥԺ֯ˣȱԱ
̿ǡô죿
ûоȣһжֲǹ˲ţǸѧʲôȥѧҵˡ
˵һҵܽӵȫһǿoffer
̱ϣ벻
ôʳôƾƶԣôͷˣֻ뵽ʮ̡
ū͵͸ʮ̣Ҳ̫˵˰ɣ
ҹؼҲáгкȣ˵Ҫ͵˰Ͳýÿ˳Ծ˯Ķӣ̣
ִİ취հᵽ
ִܵĶûʵʩﻹūƣʲôƽҲûֵ֪жҪ
˹ءգգ۾ʲô뷨𣿡
˹ЦˣҲвó£˵򵥵İ취Ƕӣɻûԡ
̣ūһɻ
һʱ÷ֱ档
ûôµÿס
ʱһ֪ˣÿһˣֳСͺˣ
ͬʱụӣһͲˡ
ǻụලྺѭ
̸мؿſ˹أлл㡣
˹֣ȥһ̵ͷסˣְ˻ȥ
̲֪ԼողԹӣ˷ܵػص䣬ëƤֽд¸ոİ취
Ҳ֪ﻹҪģһʱɣʱ仹кܶࡣ
ţͷбڽѾƣЩ£תͷվԼߣԼͬһµǣÿһ˶ܲ
ǸɹϸĻǰӵڳ
б˿ĭͬǹϵĵˣΪϡҪһ
ùԱ߸ɾľСطŽԼС
Ҳ֪ʲôʱãСݶʧˣбȾóľ
ͬ˵ӦþͿˡ
ͬѧԼ⣬ֻڴ⡣
ȰѸ·ãţͷ˲һǾÿıȸɶˡ
ֱ뿪ֿ⣬ţͷǲС˵ǽľˣ˻ôͷǣ
ţͷش˸¡
бʱվ˵ģģ
ţͷԼɲô룬һֱǰͷǵͬʱɴû
иţͷС˵̫ˣ
ͬ帽͵ǰ
ǸոĲǽƸףȥɻһ
бҲܵģ֪Լ򶨵ţͷˣ˵ǸʴȵˣֻҪǺú˽飬һܳͷ
⻰˵Լﶼûס
ͬȴˡ
УӦòᱻͷ̫ء
ūڸɻҲڹ۲죬ūʵù˷֣Ȼûһ͵ˣԣѯʹܼҡ
ܼȻؿ˵֮ǰеؾ͵ͬҹȥӵˣûūһԼܻҲ·
̣
ˡ
ôһܣ˿׵ӣ˾ƵĶѡõõϸƸ׵ĸӴ򿪣ǾһŨҵķζˮžԺȻ͵ζ
Ѿһɾζˡ
ǰѾƸʹ˵ʵǹƤûܽĹ⣬Ȼѹ˺õľƵɾĸܷ⣬Ϊܷĸãӱ߻ࡣ
̷֣ľƷ͵ĸãζųó
ǳ̰ţͷ˽йʻ
ţͷǺ¼ˣ˵ǰԲֻһбȵţͷ΢һЩҲͰ͵˵˺ܳʱ䣬ó̸㶮˼
ܴ̿佱бȡ
бȵˣ˫ðŹ⣬ɬͷֻҶų̵Ľż⡣
߹Ĵˣ࿴һۣǶԶԷ¡
˲ľƷ˺õĹߣǵ̵ľڳǱﶼ˲ǵƷؾ֯ٿҲܲ
ھ͵֮ͣʿǴ˰Щ˵ȥȻһüǮ
˷ܵľ׼ȥ߿˹أǲɽˣһǮ·ӡ
š
һƿţӳһˡ
һͷٲĺڷ
ſڡ
ˣ˭


24 
Ӵڴ˶Էһͷɫ, վԭ, ȻԲ̫󣬵Ҳǵûôһͷڷ, ͷߵǿ˹أ˹ȴһͷǳ𷢡
ѵǵ
̺ȻЩ, ˿ĭ׼ѾӾܡ
Լֵк̵ʶ, ѻʯ
ڳĬһʱ, ԷȴȻתͷ
˸ŰӶӡ
˿ĭ
Ϊ˹ѾÿˣȻǰ, ƺŸ˼ɫν
ķɫ˹ذ𪣬һϵ͵ӣӲʣ˵˹صǴĪ֮ǴԵ
ɫİҹûһƹ⣬ȴĪ⣬
ͦı, ΢촽ָ߹
֮ۡ
̳ڶԷɫ, ֱԷļ䡣
ѵǿ˹صݣ
̳ŸԷкá
ԷҲų̣ƺһֱڵȳ˵
˵ҿ˹صӦôӴŽ
öԷе㲻̫ǣڲ, Խ֮ǰᣬڽ˼֮ǰӦš
ȻǷ
֪ʱԼӦ÷ƢԷһʮֺ棺ǰ𣿡
ھĴ˵кܶ࣬Ϊһֱһص壬ԶȺԸ㣬⣬Ǿнġ
Դ˵ò֤
羫Ϊ⾫Ͱ飬⾫Ƥʤѩһͷǳ𳤷ɫ죬ͷڣֻж仹Ǿеļ䡣
Է˵ˣƽĿų̣ĿЩӡ
Ҹˡ
˵ĸ֣Է˴ǰ
һѵԷǴӴģ
ô֪黹ᷭ߱ڣ
̣ʲô֣˹ػԺһ´αҪߴţȻһץ
ȻʱԷѾ˴̨æܹȥ̽ͷһûпԷӰȥһ˲䣬Էʧˡ
̺ȻԷǸͽĿľҪɱǶԷղžѾˡ
ûκΰ취ôߵĴ̨ܲܽߵΧǽ
Ѱ£ȥ˹ܼҡ
ܼȴԴǵظ̣߳ˣǲܵģǱôߣô
̣ۿģһ˵ˣܲҵĻþɡ
ܼû˵˼ƺ˵ȷʵǳ̵Ļþ
ڹܼòֻ֧֣ʮֲ˵Ļص䣬ҪѶԷ
ȻûǦʴףܿԺ׻еģרģжã̶ԼûлԷ֮һò
ֱ˹ص̲Ż
˹ȻմϻζЩ΢ʪݵζ
ıʣԼĲĻߵ˹صǰ
֮ǰ㷿俴һ顣̰ѻݸ˹أӴģҷԺȥˡ
ͷſ˹أѣĳˣ
˹ؽӹƤֽ
Ƥֽϻŵֻúɫī֭գȴԾȻֽϣһ۾̻ܿ˭
˹̾㻭ãҴûĻ
̵ǣʦҲ˵Һ츳
֮󣬳̲Լոʿ˹⡣
Ǹ鵽˭Լʡ
˹Цҵѣûж⣬㲻õģұ֤Ժ󲻻ˡ
룺Ȼѣ棬ӦߴţֲѼ档
вһ䣺ѳͦÿġ
˹رЦʣҺ˭ÿ
̳ˣС˵иĺðɡ
Ȼ̾˿ϧûҺÿ
˹΢Цţ
ˣ㿴̰ѷϵľ˹ؿǲǺƯ
ǰ˵̵ľС񣬵̵ĺüˣÿһëСչ򣬻֣Ǵӣû֪ԭôõ츳
̣ȥһüǮ
һֱɽգ꿪ʼȻԸ㣬ҲҪпǮĶ
Ȼ춣ʲôҲˡ
ֵǲģ꿪ʼֿ磬ҲֻԼԣСҪȥ˰ôƽ񣬹˰վҪһʣƵǿˡ
ǲܹ⿿Ǯ
ľ񣬲ʲôļǮôе
ԺҪʲôҲ㡣
̾ԼĹĶóȥĶڵѪ
˹ؽӹǸľ񣬲òµĵƷԳ˵ڹЩľͷģֵǮ
̾еͲˡ
û뵽ԼҪôˣ
ǰǱҵҪôԼ
ٳɶֹ۵˵
Ѿƿ׵죬̺ܽţϾûƣԳƷʲôûףСذѾƸװᵽǱŵĲǾƸףʲôֵǵ䱦
̶ȥһİѷס׿ڵĻһҲࡣ
ѸӴ򿪣һɾζ˱Ƕ
ľ㣬֮ǰܼøѹ֭ζ
ζŨңʶ˿ĭȻóùСӺһڡ
ԽǰûȹƣΨһȹֻ㣬ҰҰ죬ûеɬζ̫Ѿܲˣǳɹ
ΪĶ࣬Գ̶Կ˵ժѵÿ˶ֵܷһơ
ϸܼҲܼͬʱ򻹻̵ֹһЩߣϾôֻʵɳ̵
û˵Ǳ׾ƸԼһ뿪
꼾ûйȥС˺ܶ࣬Ժǿ׳ţͷ˶ںɪɪؾͰ˾͸˵ˣû·ֻܱ֯ȹΧסԼֱ̻¶塣
ȹ޷ȡůġ
ūҲôģ꼾쵽ʱ򣬺ܶūᶳ
һ̿̿ṩԴԴϵؾǶ̿ԱȡůһС϶
ûеؾȥϣΪǸǣѴˣֵ̿Ǿͻ档
Ȼūڱ￴ֵǮūԼǺϧġ
ůģϻ˸ĸɲݣ֣ؾڱ֯ٿ򣬴Ҳһͷ֯Ķܿ죬֯ٿֽʵƯ
ڵؾǰɻʱű˴ƿˡ
ϳǰ
ǵóūǰϱֵĺܼңһİųǳࡣ
ؾǲԣǻʵʵذ˳
С⣬ÿ˶ֵһѾơ
Ƹ׵ĸӱ򿪣ӯڣÿ˶ֵֻܷһС롣
ôһС룬Եؾ˵ѾǷǳݳ޵ˡ
ǿɴûкȹƣǹר֪ϺɫģӨ͸Һģֻйүõľơ
ߺ󣬵ؾǲŸҵͷһСڡ
Сŵ˾ԺҲҪȡ
ؾֻСһ㡣
ӺҲֵһС롣
ϧĺȹеľƣԺеĵؾãеĵؾȴεĲУӾ;ԼʲôģģӰ
ŵòУ裡裡㣡
ӵæסԼĺӣôˣ
˵ؾ⣬ҲǺʾԼܾҪˡ
ڳǱĴߣҲκġ
߿ԼľѾƣȻͷֲ嶫
ֻūǲͬô֪ԼǺˣϾҪˡ
ܼҵľǺܺãĲվһ߸ƽһ
ϣ˫糺Ŀҹա
ûκȾҹȺҫ
ſţ̾Ϳˡ
ˡ
ÿЦǺǵİְ֣Ǿúö衣
ǰԼôԼû뵽ǰ׷ͺڷˡ
úõĻţȴû취֪
˹߽ʱľĳ̡
̵պͱͷź죬ˡ
˹صĺȻһͿŲ߹ȥΨẉ̂Ȼ£ڳߣʵôˣ
ûȫʧȥǣĨһᣬҡͷ˵ûʲô
迴ӣһֻѵж᲻ᵯ
ְᰲοûйȥĿҪֻȥҪδ
˹صδôǲҪʲô
գգۣҪ衣
˹أ
ҿˡ
˹غȻʣ벻Ҫʯ
֪嶼ϲֵǮĶ
ҡͷǻȥǮ
˹طԼԼûк˵ͣʣ𣿡
̵ͷе㡣
۾ˡ
˹أұȥϣòã
ԼֱںһӤ
̵ͷԴһᣬȻѾ˲˯˹ȥ
˹ЩΣһ̵ִֻҸ£һ̵ִֻ˫ȣѳ̱˴ϡ
Լһ֪˯֮˼䣬̫С˹Ҳû塣
ܼʱǰ˱ӣһȰĿ˯źĳ̡
аħ壬Ϊʲô뿪ԨܼҺȻ
˹ؿվԼԱߵˡѾôˣƹ֣岻ٽֱҲκһͨˣھȴĽ١
ħ壿˹΢Цš
ܼҡߡһ㲻ǰαװʱʲôûмһɱħ壡
˹Цݸ󣺡𣿡
ܼſ˹أ㵽ʲôıƣҪƱӦȥĵأҪˣӦȥ
˹أȻѾϳˣΪʲô߳أ
ܼңߣҲöħ˴˵Ķ䣬ЩħսթӦԶԨ档
˹΢ЦԨ֮ϣŸĵأսѹȣȻôֱ׳ָħսթ
ħ屻Ԩǧ꣬ѵǾӦԶǵ𣿡
˹ص𽥱ɺɫ
ǳɫҲ˰޹ĺɫ
չԼˣˣŨĺҹ
֪Ԩʲô𣿡˹΢Цû̫ҲûֹĺڰħǻΪʳ
ֻǿĶħܻ󡣡
˹˵һ֣ĶͷȻһֱǣֻ޹⣬İ㷱ĻƣȻ˾û쳣
ǰҹĵ˫ڵ۾̲޵Ԩ
˵ֻħħ
ħ֮
Ԩжħ֮£ռƪء
ܼȴһҲη壬֪ôдһ˵ôΪʲôɱңɱˣȻռأ
˹΢ЦΪʲôҪɱǣ
ͷһڴ֪޾űӣƨ˯ĳ̣ϵЦڶ˼¶ȡ
ߣָų̵Ĳԭȷʵɱȡݡ
ڣ᲻á
Թܼ˵᲻ʧ
Ҿߡ
ܼҲţ㲻ˣ
˹أȻҪܡ
һƬڰеһƬڰг󣬶Զͬ˻𣬱ǼԶѪҺȳѵسˣûͬ
žҪķȫ
ֱĳһ죬Щҹ˶ˡ
˸󣬷Ϊ
ħеǿߣħħʹǴ˹ռԨ֮ϵء
ΪʲôԨ
ΪʥΪǰۻĲ
ԲŰͶŵԨȥ
˹زףʥ飬ħǶԹʥ飬ʥܾѡ
ҵ˻Ƭϡ˹ЦţĿעų̵ȥվһߵĹܼңƬص
ܼҲſ˹صĻʱҲֻĿ⸴ӵ˵ϣǵ˵Ļ
˹ط̶ߵķ˿Ȼվ뿪˳̵ķ䡣
ֻ¹ܼһվԭأƳ̾˿
ʱħɲ˹أǸܿСħ壬ûܳǣ֪ΪʲôԨǰһֱ졣
˵ֻ뿴⣬ݡ
ܹ
ʱŵλλҳĴˣǸСħԴѶԷͷڳǱϡ
Ϊһɱħʿõ˹ټʥԺĽͣӵһƬء
ǵǸСħ˵ĽƯҴûɫ
ʱôشģѾǵˡ
ֻǵڳǱϵǿԴϻŵóԸЦݡ
һ̣ǴĻݣǶ˵Ӧûźˡ
ܼٴθ̸ϱӣ˳̷š

˯һþ
Ժȥ̨ߺ˼ʿȻȥϴ
ڷָūǵľƲ࣬ҲκŻ£Ȼеʰˡ
̻£ǵԼ˵Ѿƣڴ߿ſŻˡ
̣
ʱʲôʮ߳ܡ
ڵʱֻйܼҡ
ԣ
źϴĹܼң˹ǲҵķ䣿
ܼ۾˵ϹûУֻߡ
˿ڳǰᣬͬǰ£оܶˡ
ˣЩֻܰп˹شȥˡ̻ǲ̫ʿȥ
ʿһ֪ʿҪǱ˶Ͼ鷳ˡ
ܼʱȻ˵ÿȥ졣
ѾԶһˡ
̣𣿡
ӡϵĵӺеСҲ
ܼҵͷʱСҲһ£Σո
̣е
ǿϾͱе˳ǰ
ʮ֣صض˵޵Ҿͽˣȥһʣѡһҳߵġ
ֺּ£ƴصͷ˵ˣһṼҵģ
һο㣬
ͬͬŵسȥˣ֮ǰתͷ˳һۡ
һۼֱƵһ꣬ޡ
̲ס˸¡
ϵüëѾˣͷҲһСƽͷʵڿҲǸ˧硣
һ˧Լۣ˧̶޷͡
ϴ˶ʮһߣ̻Ǵ
غͿҲŰ峵뿪ء
Щǳ˵˻ǲǣѵǻ߱˴𣿡
ͿֲɵӣƵĶôôסǣ
ǾԲ˵ȥģһλԣǿˣܱȸһλ⵰úá
ŵˡЩôŨľʥԺﶼûŵ
Ҫ֪ʥԺľƿǹϵõľơ
ûдԼľƺá
ôô˸أʰأðرһദ취
أȥİɣ
ׯϵʿǲΥġ
ҪǱʥԺˡ
˵ھͻʥԺȥɣҲǹҵʦңѡһˣͲһһȡòκһá
ãĿŰأûĵ־ȷʵе
Ǿ˳ҳȥˡ
ĳһͷˮ
ʿĽ£˵ׯصԡ
ʵǾ˵ʲôҲû
һԣڸ֮󣬷ֱ˳̵ֱ
̾ǽĵĽռԼˡ
ǿף־ԼԼˡ
ⲻǹùЩϲˣЩһ񾭹
ˣﲻס˵ŵζˡ
תͷܼңܼҳ̵ͷǿ˵˼ǳ˵һѾƣҪ𣿡
Щӵ˵ô˼أ
صֱӵˣѾ˺ܾˣ
ʿֵһ׾ơ
ûȥԼô֣Ͳس̵ˡ
Ϳ쵽ˣҲȥһЩҪĶʵƤëԼϺΡ
Ժڶ뿪ء
Ҳ봩㡣̶Թܼ˵ԺҶ߲·ˣ
ܼ룬βȥʥԺôôǣ˵Լϲ·Ϳˡ
ССĻһæԼһ·
Ȼ˵ģʵǺܷڻкҶߡ
֮أ̵ʱ򼸺ƲĿˡ
һγûдϹܼңܼұ￴ˣܼҲôţųһǡ
Ȱ㲻Ҳġ
˵ֻڣҲܰĵȥ
ǳ˼ܼЦ⡣
һҪעⰲȫܼ˵
̳ܼЦģˡ
ܼüͷһ塣
ǣ
Ȼ̳ųǱĴ֣˹أһ㣬͵ˣ
ܼһͷȥ˹ǸĪ߹ģܼ뵽ԷʵݣȰ̱ѿ˹شϡ
Ȼų̵Ц˿쵽ߵĻ
ħ뺦ǣѾˣõȵڡ
ܼҾֻôĿ뿪ء
̴򿪳ķ羰Ȼ·Ǹǰһߣʮֵɳ̻ǾñȴڳǱá
ʵ羰ͦõġ̺Ȼ˵
֮ǰΪܱвٴ󳧣صҪ·϶ܿɫĿڿƮƽʱֶܳš
ʱ軹ᵽһȥסΪԭ˵˺üΣҲûаߡ
ˣƾķ羰ûʲôɿģ֣ͨûĻ䣬ҲûдĲ
˹ȴӻ˵ȷʵƯ
ԨʱЩݴ޴𺳣Ӳ֪Ԩģÿһòݣÿһ
Ԩûֲģֻ޾
ͬѪ⹩ǡ
̣븸ĸ𣿡
̻ûи˹Ĺ⣬Ϊ˹ضһ˵·ߣһʲôҾ徵£ҿ˹صʱû·ֳô
˵·ϸ˼ɫˡ
ʣ´˹صĴ
һʳڣͷԼ˵ˡ
ڳҪֲʱ򣬿˹ȴ˵Ҵûмҵĸĸ
ħȻͬѪΪʳȴɱӡ
ԼħеǻˣȻԨ֮һƬκ
˹ؿų̣һ˵˻Ŀģƺôο
ģҲѹ˹ĳ̵ļ򣬡ܳ
̣
ԭôҵûû裿
أ˹ʵĸĸأ
̲֪ô˵˵Ѿܾûмˣ֪ǹúòá
Ǿôҡҡλεؽ˳ǡ
֪ԭļвÿ춼ģһܲſһΡ
켯вſ̡߳
ֻڳһŵأڳվڽֱ͸׼ϳʱһŲ£ܻСס
ˣŵĵط𣿡СӳúܲŨüۣϴˬʵЦݣС
ǳкõط𣿡
Сͷ۾ų̣˷ܵͨ죺ǿԴ裬ϢС
Ļû˵꣬Ѿ˼ˡ
С˵ĵطӦþǼԺܼ˵ļԺԵãҲԵùݡ
ҼԺﲻֹŮС
ŮŮͶӡ
ܼҲ˵Ժɫɫˣ׸ͻ
Ǿܾһ鷳ĳ̳Է˵һȥùݱȽϺãȥæɡ
תͷϳ
Сæ˵ˣǵļ۸ܹģ
̻òؾܾ˵ֻҸùݣȥ򴺡
Сӳգգ۾ˣ⣬Ҳ£ҿԲǮ
̣
ʱ˹̽ͷʣô
Сӿ˹أԼ
źضԳ˵ˣˡ
̣
ԷոôƶᣬôȻͷˣ
ԼŨü۵ĴСӣҲȷʵûȤ


25 
ʱͳˣ˷ܵĲ, ܿͷֳûôá
ûˮ, Ҳû˰ѵغʵֻҪ, һ᳾
ûб׼ϵĽֵкͳлһ, г˾Ϳվ, ûͼ, ʿǾͲ, ·ߵһᱻͷĻɳŪǱ
ߵһ㣬űһеĳ档
͸⿴ֳƽ񼸺²壬ѾˣֻмƲ̿һ۾;䡣
˹ؿ˳̵뷨˵ÿ궼, 㲻Ϊǵġ
ƽĶ࣬Ҳ, ȻÿӶܻЩҲûȱˡ
ֵʣô壿
һ·ֻ塣
˹أ⣬Ҫôū, ҪôҫݵƷ
ܶ嶼Ȧ飬һǧūļ۸գȥй鶯ĵط׽飬Ϊϼʮūۡ
ֻεƶó̲ûд壬ûһʥԺɾؾЩ壬Ҳܱҡ
ҿ϶ûͬҲ˰
Ԯ͵
̫࣬Ǹ̾ضԿ˹˵Һҡ
ȫֻҲ̰ͼɫ
˹شʱȻ֪Լλش
̻СԿ˹˵ʵոǸҹȥʱһͦȥģҪͷʭӣô죿
ûȥȥʶһµġ
˹أȥ
ʮֲؿſ˹أѵҹȥʭӾͷܣͷˣ
˹̯֣ʮεؿ˵㻹ȥȥ
̣ȥʲôʱʼעȥɡ
̶˵Ľڲûκģܼǵ̬Ⱦ֪ĹֻҪԷŮ䲻ɵġ
̾ԼǲһԼһֱĺꡣ
СѧʱùĽ״ܹһǽ
һùסùǳΨù֮һϾһǣΪһСУùݾѾܲˡ
ùݵϰǸͺܸŮʿΪ̫Կͣƶ֬ƽˡ
ʱܿô̬ʮֲס
ϰʮֿ顣
ˣҲáϰ߾ܵ͵ԼĶͷЦеؿų̣۾ֱ˳ϣû˹һۡ
̺ʣסķ䲻һֻ顣
ϰæ˵ֻӴصĿˣ飡
Է˵ô֮䣬ն̹ˡ
ϰȥ˷䡣
õķ䡣ϰʮԺ˵ҸҵģùѾ˿һˣ
ôһ˵Ҳֻôһ
Сûһʷ֪ء
ϰÿ֮󣬳̿˷װ꣬ϰ˵õķӦģддҴĸ֧ţӺӣǽһûֽǻľϵģɫѾð滹һЩգƹ˺ܳʱˡ
ҲݳƷϾ˹⣬ҲûЩܳԲܺȵĶ
ǳԱԺƷƷŶӵʱƷʲôǡ
ΪԼ̾ԼȥʦרŸ廭ФҲԼλеͣ˵˭Լ˳Լûˡ
ڼӣȷʵûͳĳԺ󣬳̲Ŷ䡣
Ϊ˹غҲ˷䡣
˵ʲôҲԸȥס
ˣ˯ǾˣϵĹִô˯أˣûʸܵġ
óͷ˵ҪΥҵ𣿡
æ˵ȻǣҾΥ˼
̵ͷǾͺãסԼĻ
Ժ󣬲ű߱߿ޡ
˿޵̫ң̲ס˵ס䣬ôõΪʲôҪޣ
Ϊ̫ˣҲ䣡
ԼոռĹ壬˿ĭȻܹΪʲô޵ôˣλҲôã˵ʲôӡ
ǵøոոտλʱƲĿ⣬׷ŶԷҲ׷ŶԷ
ԷλԸ⳯ЦһЦ
һ
ԸһС
λ˵أСʡ
ڿ޵һڱߵɽº󡣡
ˣ˵ﻻˣû뵽ô߹󣡡
޵øˣˡá˾ĳ̫ãã
̵֪ԼֻǸһ˵ķ䣬ԷܿôãһϰȥŶԿ˹˵ûĺá
Ϊлܴ󣬺йأٲһңʱƽ͵شС㣬ǾȻ϶С
Сû˴ɨƵǳ죬кܶӬ
֪ŷΪʲôô߲ˡ
ҲĻû߲Ų
û˹һ𣿡̺ǲʿ˹ء
˹ؿ˭ܣԱʥԺƽôǲں
̴˸£Ҫܾͺˣ
ҪǰණɾȻ淶гèץԵĻҪ޽ˮϵͳ˰ͷ
˰죬Լֱ̳ܲġ
𣿡˹ϴЦҪõһеĹȨôѡ
ᣬڳ̵Ķħջૡ
̣˰ɣô˶æ
ǳ˳Ժ⣬ҪҪɾ͸кУҪҸС
ԭ̻ڳһߣˡ
Ͼ·Ͼŵֳζʽ߲·˵ѿӡ
ĺۣԿ˹˵˯ɣҲ˯ˣȥС
˹أҪȻҾķ˯Σһܱ㡣
̱죬Լĸ첲˹ؿԼŶͷȻҰ˵㣬һǺܽʵǿ׳ģС͵һÿģ
˹أ
ųǺò׼ļ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôֻ˵Ǻðɡ
̲ϴ裬˵䲻ҪģϾԼϤĻע˽ˡ
·ûѣڴ˯
˴쳵Ҳˣ˸ͳ˯˹ȥ
̲֪˯˶ãֻе
ѵпĳӶ
ʲôӣ黹ǳ棿
̵ͷ˲ѣȻۣſϵ۾۾Ӷűӡ
ŵ˶Էϵĳζ
Զ㣡˰ٷ֮ٵѶԷƿһƾͷָЩԡ
⡭ȻǸŮ
ķҲ˲䱻߿˹վſڡ
һ˱ƵڵϵŮˡ
Ůϻһ̣Щ֫ϸһϣһͷɫĳɿң̧ͷ̻һ
ԷֱˣһֻҰޡ
˹ضŮʮ֣ڳƿԷ춯֮ǰûв˽˳̵ķ䡣
˹ϸϸش֮Գ˵û
Ǿ֤ԷֻһС͵
Щ£ոŮûǴڿ϶Ѿȥﱨȥˡ
ԡӦû
ȥʥԺ˹ޱ飬ûɱ⣬е⣬̶ò
ʥԺĴЩ˴ˡ
̿ǸŮˣǸŮҲ
ʣ˵𣿡
Ůˣֲư͡
̣
ΪŮǱҰģ͸Ǻһ
̣͵ˣΪʲôҪң
Ůֱ׳˵Ҫһ㣬һ㡣
̡
аɣһŮå
ҲǵһŮåˡ
ǰʥԺʱһλŮ徭Ÿ˵ƨɣȻλŮ峤÷ǳƯؾܾ˶ԷôˣΪԷЭ
㲻ң飬ܲš
Ů̧첲ԼϵζɻʵΪʲôģ
ãȻֻǲѡ
ֲˮ
ǵڴԽ֮ǰϿۣ˷ˮΪϴ裬̫ˣҪˮڸϵĳζ
̺ܻʵԣζˮζζζӵĳζ
ʱˮûб
Ůˣʲô֣
Ůˣݡ
ֵǳϵĺ
ʵݣ֪㷸ʲô𣿡
͵ǺصץסҪ˫ֵġ
ݣ֪Ҳ¡
ᱻ˫֡
ݲмһˣôҲ͵ˡ
̾ᱳ£ӦԽ֮ǰĵȥҪԽ֮ǰֻҪóڽͷܻȥȻÿܲôãȷʵܻȥ
ʱûѡôĸƤһӶиıĿԡ
˹ز̲ɱŮˣͶԳ˵Ҫ𣿡
üͷ΢壺ȥɡ
һǱнùݣֵˣųȥҲ̫Σˡ
˹ؿݡ
ݲش˸սҰްֱͽС壬ֻʣһѹͷȴΪܻڡ
Ǹ¶ʥԺſڣʥԺûкúСסһͶû䣬ֻ˯ֻһĵʥԸչ
ʥʥԺͰ˳ʱֻаꡣ
һ¶ڽͷֻܿ˶ʳӣûм˻ᶪʳʱڳǱһЩҰӡ
ЩӵģֻԽԽ·߲ˡ
Ȼеһ׮⣬͵һ˵Ǯ
ǱǮеһٱϧͷĻǿˣǶһ٣Ǯ
ݾǿ˵һ㶼£
ؿ˵ҸղžӦһڣ
̣
ŮåƶᣬЩˡ
Ҫ֪͵ĲѶΪ֮ѾϰߣأҲΪһмֵˡ
ôһˡ
ʵݣ㲻͵ܻȥ㻹͵𣿡
ݣ֪
̣
תͷۿ˹أߡΪʲô·ƣѵӦ˵Լ
ݣ͵⣬ʲôҲᡣ
ͺҲٳԱйأİСûаŮζ
ƯвģȥԺһݹ
ʲôҲûС
ò⣬ǿ˹˵ˣһȥ
˹΢Цܻá
գգۣûס
˹ֶ˵̫ɽ֮ǰͻ뿪ǣǾʹߣ㲻¾͵û
֪̲Ŀ϶Է˫֡
ãؿǣʮֲΪʲôŹԼ
ԼҲףߺʿ˹أΪʲôҪȥ
ȻԼһˣҲһʥĸâմصľˡ
Ͽ̫࣬ҲȲ
Ͼǿ˹ص飬̻˵ȻȥǾʹȥɡ
˹أ
ɲһɣر԰ɣı顣
Ȼûٸʵף˹Ҳûн͡
ֻŮˣڽĳһ죬ܻó
һܲħӰжŮˡ
ǿ˹ĵһ
Ҳһ˯ˣڳԼС첲Сȣؼʱ̿ܲԱǺ޳ܵ˵ҾŴͦġ
Լߵλӣ㿴
˹ذһ˯
ˣҲҵĴһ롣
̻С˵û顣
˹ûסЦһá
æǽߣȿ˹ЬɵڴԺ󣬳̲ѹ˵ͦġ
˹ءšһ
̣ʵҲȥǺҿͻһֱ˻ȥ
Щ˸УޣﲻôˣԼѹ塣
׸еǮ˭Ͱ˭רŽһ˶ԡ
ǣֻһ⵰
С˵㲻ҪǸĮˣҿˡ
˹̲סЦˣ㵣㣿
̵ͷ
˹̾˿ĳ̵ļ򣺡˯ɣǲģġ
𣬳۾ľǿ˹طŴĿ
Էжٸë
̾Ժܸ˹һ˯Ȼһ̼̫׷
˹صƤ΢΢
˿ĭ
öԷһ京ŵʻΡΡشԼĻꡣ
˹۾һ˲䣬ǿޱ޼ʵı̺峺ˡ
̣硢Ϻã
æ´ȥһ£
˵Ժƨˡ
Լٴһͻᱻ˹ָűå
ϣһõʱΡ
治֪ӦùԼǹֶԷ̫
ܵרķ䣬űӣζһ壬ʲô뷨ûˡ
̾˹ȻӾֻҪúÿŮԡ
̺һڳԼѾˡ
лҪ˵ңǲӣ¼
̣


26 
صĳ̣ľѾȵĿ˹ء
֪Ϊʲô, Щ˼, Ҳ˹صֻ˵ȥаɡ
ʵ˵ǳ, Ǹֻһ, ͷβֱҲʲô̯, 㵹Ǻܶ, ·ϿһСľвʡ
õֻг̺Ϳ˹ȥС
Ȼûʿ, Ϊп˹ߣԳ̻Ǻаȫеġ
ڽֵϵʱ򣬳½ŶСΨֲȵòȵĶסڱǣԼһС³
ǱߵǺ֣ո߽ӵͽŲ
ڽĻ, ū
ԶԶؿһ̨ľĸ̨, żū
ЩūŮϸûеԶ, 
ߺȣΧŵҪô֣Ҫôۡ
˺һң
һܼ˵һҶūˣǼ۸ţͷˡ
ūôô
˹ؿ˳̵ɻЦЩūɻġ
Щūгɫĳģǵļ۸ߣΪת塣
ū⣬ϻʳϵģιֻҪκϣΪó˽ʣһǮ
οɲˣΪ½۸Ӹ߲£һξ͵ûʮͭңһͨ˼ңܰ궼治¶ʮͭңƽ񼸺ǼҴǮһΣԺٷ֡
ξʹҹ
ηĴͻˡ
һ·˲Ŀ⣬ΪŵǹΣЩ˵Ŀ⻹̫¶ǣɼ̶Щ
֣ס˿˹صӡ
˹Цļ򣬵ͷ˵ʲôڡ
⻰ֱһ˲䣬̾ʲôˡ
Ͼ˹ܹһ˸ɵһͷҰʿ
ǰη̯ӵ·ϿūľվһߣҪʱһūȻ˻ߣ˳һ
ѰȥǸūһͷǳɫĳƱΪɾӣūǴķǳɾˣҴĺʵ
²ūûȡ
ͬ塣С˵
˹ȴûʲô飬ûпԷԺſȥ
ǸǷԼͬע⵽Լˣæ˵һ󴮳̸Ļ
ҲзԵģͬطԶЩͬЩҲԼԡ
羫塣
Щ˵ͨ˵ĻǸģ嶼ֻɭԸ㣬ӲȻͲ˵ͨ
ֻڲ֪±˵ʲôʱľǸͲͨֻʿ˹أ֪˵ʲô𣿡
˹֪
˹֪ƨ
˹سһ˵ҸһطģĻ
̾ҲԣʣҾȳ
˹һ΢Цʮֹ˵ûǮ
ܽҡ
ֻҪǰѾƺľȥǮˡ
ľһǿ϶ȥģǵҲû⡣
ֻҪ⼸칻õξͿˡ
˹Цֵһҡ
̣ˣǻȥΰɡ
ֿ֧˹ؽˣҪǽȵĴ̫󣬵Ժԣ˵ɡ
̺Ϳ˹زȥǸһ˻˵ūæȥץס˫ֱӽסֻƴŤ壬ͼˣϵı鼫
̿ŶԷƴӣЩġ
˹ض˵ҪȶԷ͸ûˣĿбӣηķȥ
ʱӲҲס
ûлӱޣ¾ԺüǮæýͷöǸȴȻŷ޴һߵľ׮ݺݵײ˹ȥ
˲ͷѪ
˸ŭԼūЩͷ˾üǮˣ
ūǲ˵ֻñӱ޴ǡ
Ҫȥɭץģò׵ȵ䵥ūץԭһߵļǮȫˡ
ûйϲͷ˺۵ľ飬طж
Ҳײӵľٶһʿ˹أɱ𣿡
˹ޱ飺ϣܾ
̣ײӸ
ƣ
˹أ۾ͱˡ
һ𾪣ôݵ
Ϊ鶼ͣû뵽һһݡ
˹ֻͷһǸڵϣŬվ飬ԷҲд
ǸôҲ벻ͨΪͬ壬ԷΪʲôԼ
˹ϴЦȴûǸͶȥһ
߰ɣ˹ضЩ߲·ĳ˵
̣ΪҪ
ǱϾǿ˹صͬ壬Լһ磬ٲ֣ôǲܶͬӶġ
ֵؿ˿˹һۡ
һֱ˹ضֵ󷽣ͬӶⲻ
ѵ˹ʲô
û˵˹ȴ˸ոճ̿
ھȥʼۡ˹غȻ˵˻̧߼۸ȥ˵ҵļ۸
ϸ̺Ȼ˿
ոһ̣ľԼЩʶ˹ˡ
ȥηҵΣȻη͵ùȥһ棬ηӻǺгŵġ
Ȼ̲źͿ˹˸ղūĵط
Ǹڻվ·ߣľľȱӸʹӸ죬ֻľպȾͲ̡
ľ飡ƿڴ֪ʧ˶Ǯ𣿣
ĶǴ壬ЩǮĴǲһľġ
СҲۣһҾˡ
Ҫָˡ
˹ؿ˳һֵۣ֪̾ˡ
ǳǰ˱ɤӣóļˣǮ
æתͷתͷһ˲䣬˲ģ̵ʱϵҲˣһֵĳԣǻڣͷЦˣˣ
̣Ǯ
˿۾飬ֿ۳̣˿ĭ۾ڳϣֱٶٲ
ѾϰˣĮһ顣
˲ڻ˿ĭˣҽʲ
̣
û֡
ʲ˵ҿ԰͸
۾»Ⱥ£
ʲ˿ĭԺֻܴūÿ𣿡
̺ܸɴ˵С
Ҳôū
ʲūƣǼūͰѾ
Ѿͷ亹ҧأһֶ˵ˡ
Ӧ֪ԼˣӲ
գض飬ΣȻûһǮĴһ飬ԼһŮåݣǻùݵʱݾ͵ǽǴһֱǵȣǳֵʱķһվ
ھûﴦˣֻܴȥ
Գ̴˻ȥûκ飬ݻʮѺãֻǿž˵⡣
һ飬Ǿ飬Ҫ˾
Ǹߴس˹˵ͣ
̾öԷĿر˼ڳ衣
ܿ췢˿˹˵ʲôýͰ͵ͨ˵ҡ׶ϡϱߡ
Ȼ˵ֵ֡ܶץˡ
һȫץˣҲ̫˰ɣ
˹ضԳ˵ºܳץ飬ʮһץĶ࣬Сץ١
ʣôӦùò̫Ұɣ
˹ʼ磺ҾͲ֪ˡ
ʵϣ鶼̫ã鶼һƢ˳ë¿
ǸʲôأȻǸ°ûоԸⱻЩʳԵĹѹţյĽֶ̫á
ڷĻ
˳ӵܻ
ɻʵ̫ˡ
ȻǸͲ˵ˣЩ򵥵ͨﻹūѧģ⼸òƴճ⣬Ҳ˵
ȷʵúƯûгóģȫˣŮ
ͳһǳɫ̵飬̵ͦı촽Լƴ
ͷʱʮĳʤա
һˣֻվһжΪġ
ϧʱһĿ˹ء
̾ԼԺҶܺеѡѾ˹ظθˡ
𷢺췢ʲôģ̻ǸϲڷϾԽ֮ǰǸصˡ
ҲطҪٵˣ
ǰ;һͷںͷ˫Ƥ۾
ֻû꣬ڣʹԽһȺ鲻ϴˡ
ϣһţһȻЩ¡
ϳǰͷòһ϶
ȥԺðͷˣ˵
ݲΪʲôΪϲͷ𣿡
̣Ϊͷ顣
˰ԼݲݰͷͷǺðɣѾˡ
̿ûסʣôģ
ϵİ̺ܳһֳ룬鶼Ե
ˡˣĴ̫࣬Ѿǲʲôʱ򱻻
ǵ˵ҿ϶Ҳ
ڽͷ֪Ҫȱ˸ݣŲһֱ۸һ֣ͻƴζܱ塣
ѧ͵ϮٶԷȶԷһ˱ʱٶ֡
Բˬ
ҲΪͷϵȻҲҪ¡
ϾȻòÿҲǸŮˡ
Ů˿ɲࡣ
ɫŮ˲ǽ˼ԺǱĸȥŮͻˡ
ãˣܵõܶôһ˶ȥˣӴԺʳǡ
Ҫһӣ˽Ҳܺá
ûе¹ģֻȥΪ˻ţʲôܸ
ҲûٹΪ˱Ѫͳһֱڽ׽飬ιȢľ׹ùá
̴ӹܼ֪ʱ°Ͷ㾪ˡ
ܻøĳֶӺ͹ùá
ǻصأͿˣû꣬ȴ£ȥ·Ͼ꣬ԽӽأԽ
ͣڱſں󣬳̺Ϳ˹ؾʹžݽ˳Ǳ
ʱùܼҸǰס
ʲô壬͵һͬʡ
Ǹͷʭ𣿡ʿ˹ء
˹һ棺УҸոտˡ
̴˸£ͷԸȥͰˮϴ裬ٰͷˣͷƤϴɾ
£Ӧ֡
鲻֪ҪʲôһãȻرˡ
ݵ֪Ҫͷ󺰵Ҳϴһֻϴһ裡
ôߺȣǱǿ׳ˡ
鿴ôҲܺ£Ȼ
̣
⾫һס˾ˡ
ǳֻ߹ȥʮֳԷϴ˼
˹غһˣ
Ƕûڸʲô
û뵽Ǹ鿴ˣҲˣԹԱȥϴ裬ͷʱ˻֣ɸɾģͷһֻҲûУΪʲôҪͷ
ֻΪͷķסϾǵͷųûã̡ܶ
Ҳû巢֮ĸ˵ʵʵ˸ͷŸԴٴγ˳̵ǰ
˵ͷľҲͦÿģ˵㡣
ܼҶԳ̴ӶֻĳγȥһûˣȷûԺһ˵ˣһᰲõģȥúϢɡ
̣Ǿˣϻûл𣿡
ܼңƻҪ죬õģȥôˣҲǸˣǻƵǮġ
̵ͷǾ̫ˡ
ȥ˸裬ΪֻһԡңǸ˹һϴ衣
ֻԡͰ
мҲûӡ
һתͷܿԷ׻⡣
㶢ҿʲô˹ԡͰüһЦ
ˮİһڣ̾ÿ˹صòָȡ
ʵ㳤Ư
ִͿ˹࣬ܿԵѡȫһˡ
Ȼʵм˲࣬ϿĿɲ٣˵ϵЩͼûһȵϿ˹ء
˹ЦǸҲƯԲԣ
̾˿ƯûãûҺÿ
ҪиܱÿͺˣͲߵĶ񿴷һš
̾ԼݹˣҲ˽̣ԼȥԡȻͿ˹ضѵã˹ֶûзǷ֮룬ǾòӦڶԷǰ̻¶塣
˵˹ؾأ
ͻʧȥΨһһѡ
߳ԡף׼߳ȥȴû뵽ĵˮһһ£㵹
ڵȥǰһ룬ǸʯͷǱԼôˤȥôҲҪˤ𵴳ĸʯͷǱ취ģ
ϵʹûе۾Լ˹ؽӵ˻
˹ε˵Ҳ㣬Ҫ¡
̸мس˹ЦȻЦݺܿͽϡ
˹صĶô죬Կ˹ûüԡԼ
ô
ˡ
ڵƣԴ
̾ãԼˤȥ


27 
ʱͣˣ˿ĭ, գգۣҾҿվˡ
˹صڳ̵һ, ̾ȵվˡ
ԡǿһֱûе, Īŵ˵һطˣʰԺҲȥϢ, 춼ˡ
˹վֱ塪ǲʲô߳ܵġ
˹¿һۣһĮȻ̧ͷ, ·Ժ, ֪˻Ϊװ˸ֻרԡҵķһȡ
̻ص, £ոܵĴ̼Ѿˣֻʣ޾ƣ룬δ꣬ܶȥˣôԼûбضйҲûŻĳζ
ûΪѹıӡ
ܼʱһѾƽƱǱʣһֻ
ˡܼҰѾƶ˵ǰ, ̽ӹԺһڲŷŵһߡ
ûʲô°ɣʵ
ܼңûʲô¡
ƽūǶûиµ, СĦûУܼҾһֱôǺһЩ, ƺҲûʲô⡣
̺һ˯ˡ
ܼ΢΢뿪˳̵ķ䡣
ľŮʹŶͷ˿ڡ
ȻͷɫһŮ࣬Ҫϴ˿ڡ
˭Цеɵ
ݾûôõĴˣǶߡϵ˺ʵ̫ˣ
ֻмӴ˸Ҷ࿴һۡ
ڶ죬ܼҰݰȥƽסĵطƽҲǻӣƽǽʱΪסȥǲһ𽨣üӶĺܴټȥһЩҲС
ûƽǺ
ôһ̣ƽǷ׷ݹĹ±ԼͲ
Ǹǿ
ҪͷǺò״ʳô죿
ȥɣ
µĺܲɴ˵ľ𣿣
ƽС˵ͲǺˡ
µģǴ˵أôŻҪͬ⣿
µĺܲͷǲ˵İţ͹ȥԭĵط
ƽǲ˵ˣͷʵʵȡ
ݾô߽ӣҲ˵һ˶ڽ˺۵ĸҲû۸ֻÿԷʱܻҰһ˹ȥȻڰԼһҲ̡̲
ֻгԵĶԼģŵĵ
ھ飬ΪúãԹܼҰڳǱﵱ͡
̺ܲ⣬ǱѾܶˣ켷ˡ
ܼһؽ͵ҪϺݵˣǸͺܺá
鳤Ưȥӣ˺ˣͷˣ˹һһҷڳߣ̣
ܼһ˵˶̫ѿˣ
ôõġ
ڹܼҲֻǿܿˣưȰˣܼҾǴȥǷ̿ˣǶǸ̶
һݸ߹ƷζŵĹ壬߷ôܳó
ܼһ飺׻ūʱһҪѡúÿġ
˵˵ţ̾ͱܼ˵ˣ˵󣬾Ȼùܼ˵ĺе
꼾𽥹ȥˣûô꣬żƮ伸ϸ꣬Ҳֻϣʱ򻹻̫ūǾͿʼɻˣţͷڿģпĻģٵض̵࣬ҲһƬ֡
ϸһһľһһڳ̡
ؾͰԼūһȥһֹּ
ƽǿʼˣҪȥܼǼǣȵǼһҼˣȻٰ˿ڷֵأÿ궼Ҫ̽𣬻ý˰
ʥԺ˰յͷ˰˰
һ˴ؿʼҪ˰˵֮˰
ֻʥԺ˰ãҲҪ˰˰һ˰Ҫɸҡ
µĽƽýǮ
˰㹻ƽѹˣ˵Ӷ
һйòƽ񣬶ӵԼصģ˳ۣΪ£Ĺͻʹ͸һСأܽǿȥԼ֡
Щʹ͵ǲý˰ģȲøʥԺҲø
ǳΪԼôһͷ˰Ҳؽ
˿ͳȻĺܲãֻҪ뿿ֵΪôӲ˰ȥС͵ǿһӶøϿ˰Ϊ顣
֪Щ˰ʱԴµġ
ûж㿪İ취𣿡̵ǵʡ
취˰ƹ˶ؾ군ˡ
ܼҸһ취ƽȫūͿˡ
ūǲƲý˰̵ʱֻҪÿʥԺҹʲʳϾֻһطΧС
Ҳ취ҪƽǰӡһūͲ뿪Ƭˡ
Щòų̲ģܼҾȥ°ˡ
ƽǲɵӣǵȻ֪ƽҪ˰ⲻζǾԸ⵱ūǲƽģūūȫ˾ˣ񶼵ò
˵ˣƽֻҪǮܽ飬ĺҲƽ񣬵ūûн˵Ůūĺӻū
ܼҵûֱӸƽǰӡƽūһɻ
ĸǸȳӣڳʱֻÿڼԸ߳ȥҲҲǮֻܿܵͻǮ͸ĸһʡԼãάơ
ԴӵԺѧ˱𣬵ȵǻõ֮ĵһ롣
Ǽû׳ûȥǼأ׼ֹά
ϻؼңһԼСӣʱʱ˼ҴｨģǼ⣬иȵĸ磬ԸСһ㣬ҲҪһһ𣬲һס
裡ӻóһǰģûз԰¶ĹأõԼĽ˷ܵضĸ˵кóԵˣ
ĸ׽ӹ֮ǰ˵˵ֻɲһû뵽ô
ĸ˺һ飺쳢
ĸ˿ĭ˺ָ׸ǴССطŽԼΪ̫ˣûĥʲôζδԹʳʯгɺü顣
ܳԷˡĸ׼ӿϵĶ
ڷԱߴһ׵ӣʯͷȻչˡ
˵ˣʵǰѲҰ˷Žˮ죬Ϊ꼾ոչȥĢ⼸˶Ģ
Щ˺ܶʱͿЩӣֱֳܷԵĢڲʶĴȥɣ֪кܶĢжġ
һҵȻûϵģҲֻһ㣬ǰӹܼ쵽ģֻкٺٵһ㣬ҲҶţֻһ㡣
չ޶˵ҲҪĲƲչȲȣѣչǷǳġ
ٶ˼˵ܹ
豻ĢҰʢľЩľٿ˽ģǺܺ˵ǴִԼĶȥҪƷ
ƽǽҲǽ
֪ܲܰչޡúлᣬڿҲˣΧѶҸɾˡ
ֻܵȰϢܲҵ
ǰǾðǻȴðǺö
ﲻ˷ӣҲ˼ҾߣӺҲҰ˻ģԾǣ˴ûūֹͣūеӦþǰˡ
ȻҲûаĺա
иŮ˺ڷϣһߺĢһ˵ͽôֵɣ
粻ûϵʱҲԣ
ֻЦһЦ˵˵Ҫʼˡ
һ˶һڲʲô
СɶǴ첥֡
֪ȻǴ˾ģͿ϶ǻ¡
ĸ׸Լֺõһ飬ѵԺСĸɻÿ¶ð
Ǽ˶óԡ
ôõôϸСۣǴСûгԹ
ǮƽÿٳϺѾ˲ˡ
˶ԣҧһڡ
һڣǳϸ壡ԵҸˣ׽ʱ
û˾þ׽ʱãֻоˡ
ջˡ
һ˻ǰԵĸɸɾĢҲȹˣһ㶼ûʣ극һʱ⣬ϣæʰڻζŸոյһ͡
İԣܺȼεĢĢô࣬ǳԵĶƤˡ
ڳϵĺӡ
ڳʱֻȥɽϣû˿ʱ͵͵һҰˣҪܳͷģΪжֻ˽ȥժҰҰǵԣһ淢ץסҪ˫֡
Ģ͸ݳˣɽϼĢǳҲͱժˡ
Ģܶ࣬ǲܽȥ
ԴûĢԵ
ҸζǻһӶˡ
ֻǳȴŰԼǰĢܾĢ
ܼңĢ
ʵҲôʳ
ĽܲĢζ˳ĢζĢʹһζ
ټϳְĢŨֻΪǿҪԳûһϡ
һߵĿ˹غʿǽá
̷ϾûλԵĶ
ĺòŻʳ
Խ֮ǰԵĶɶˣԴУ⣬ĢѼ⣬Ƕ㶼մ
ȱˮӾˣⶼʼˡ
ƶ𣿡̺Ȼʹܼҡ
ܼңС
ƶû˳ԵģʱĻƶСֱ񣬻ôӣҲǮ
ǸǮȥСȻɤۣȶӺá
ܼңֿлƶ
û뵽ԭԼ֡
˾
եͣ
ûֲͣ֬ԴǶͣ͵ļ۸ߣȡ١һֻжͣûˮοƽūˡ
ôեǸ⡣
̳֪֥飬ƶͲ˻Լե⣬һϲͨ״̬
ҳ̺￴˵ǻƶĳʺܵͣԻƶܻӭե
Ҳûеطȥʸߵũ
ԣͻƶɣûˡ
֪֥ե֮ǰҪһôƶե֮ǰӦҲҪһڳʲô̶ȣ̲֪Ǿֻ飬һֻһƶܲըͬĻըʲôЧ
Ǽ̴ֿ֮ʼ˺ҵե˶
ûһ̵֪ҪʲôܼҶס
˿˹⣬ûʳ⡣
Ҫûƶʲô˹ڳ̷ϣ̱ڴʼǡ
⣬еҪֽҪĶ̫࣬ƤֹֽѵãҲһݳƷǱʼ̫Ǯˡ
ͷҲ̧˵եͰ
˹վߵߣȻڳֱߣեͣƶҲͣ
̣ȻУôûУ
˹أô֪ģ
գգۣԼͲ壬ȻͲ壬ǾͲ˼ˣֱ˵Ҿ֪
˹ؼ̲˵Ҳûټ׷ʣֻǳĬؿų̣̱ػ¶ڣ̧ͷ˿˹һۡ
ûʳڣ˹ؾ֪Ҫһ˵Щ㲻ֱ˵ǻΣգ֪𣿡
û׿˹ص˼
˹ֻϸˣˣ̽
ó̶ܶණȴƫƫնġ
㶮ô֪󶹿ե͡˹Ŀų̣ʥԺ֪ˣǲֻǻϣõࡣ
ڿ˹Ŀºݺݵشһ¡
ûһ㣬ôʱ䣬ﻹһЩ˽ģʥԺƽʱ˵˰Ҳ˰С͵ʥԺȥ
Ҫı䣬ֻҪı䣬;סˡ
ӹɵģԸشС㣬ͷʭӣԳ
̣ô죿
˹֣ѳ̶ǰ鷢
˹ʱ򣬳һļƤ
ĺŶ
ֲʡ
˹˵Ҫ֪߱ôեͣƶեҲżȻ֣𣿡
̺Ŀ佱
ûҡ
еʱͬѧŮϲһֱΪԼ붼ȥ羰ΪʲôҲ֪
ҵˣǸͬѧǸ֪ԭǶԷŵġ
ǸͬѧǸܸӵ˵ΪͷˣԲһֱû˵
֮Ժ󣬳ͬѧǷӦٶ۵Ĵʡ
ϵõͬѧ˵ǵ㣬ҲùʱܷӦ
˹΢ЦŽ˳̵Ŀ佱ųı飬Ŀת۾ûסһѳ̵
̵Ƥܺã⻬Ӥ
˹ȥͲԸˡ
̣
̣
˹ذջȥź̾˿
˰ȥȥ˯ɣҪ˯ˡ
˵껰̾ͰƤֽͶëʷһԵϡ
˹Ҳûټ£ڿ˹ţ׼뿪ʱøܼҴ˸档
ܼҵ󻹸һһãȻĹͷ顣
ܼû˹˵Խ˹أԳ˵ˣˣҪһůˡ
һ±Ƶؿȥ
ůɶ
лҪ˵ͷ飺˭Ķʲô
̣٣ǵ׼ůĶС
˹أ
ܼң͵͵Լޣ


28 
׶ͷ쵽, ã״̬, ⼸쾭̫࣬Ѿת, ͨʱʣʱһֶס
ˡů, û˼ɵɵվԭء
ɤ, Թܼ˵Ҳ̫, ˡ
ܼü˵ֻǵůѣϾҪ붬, ʱʱ򡣡
̿۹ͷǸС壬ǵůѣҲӦҸӡ
ٽȥûһѾůˣ
˹ضһЦ˵Ÿʲôã˴ô죿
⻰ס˹ܼ, ܼҲʼ
ǹܼҸɴ˵Ǿһʱٿɡ
̣ż
ԵĻ, ϣǸӰů
ܼͰһ¶ľȥȻԴǵضԳ˵ˣĹ, ûźˡ
̺ػصаҵͲǿӦÿ˰ɣ
˵ҲǸˣϲˡ
Ȼܼȴ˵Ѿʮˣƽ񣬺ӶӦˡ
̣
㣬Խ֮ǰʮˣ࣬ҲжʮһˣǸˣ
ܼʹļף֮ǰûи׼ˣҵĹʧ
׼ˣ
̲׹ܼ׼ůˣůǱů
ѽô˼أ
ͨ죬ʮҡҷСѧѧʱʦͬѧֻؼһߴΣʱŮӵֶûܼҾȻֱֶϱݡ
Ժ˵ɡ̻ٷһоͿʼŮѵͬѧ˵̫磬Ӱ췢ȻӰ첻󣬵ǺӰԼֵܳӡ
̾ԼڵСֵܾЩ㣬ҪٱӰһ£ƾֻѧˣܲһ㡣
ҹ涨ʮԭģ
ǹҹ涨ʵӵݣ
ضԹܼ˵ʮ֮ǰҵðĶ׸ʥ飡
ܼûϵ̾Ȼôϣ˵ʲô˹ȴһ΢Ц˵˵Ļû𣿻˾һУ
˹ȻЦĿȴ䣬ܼԡĿ£Լֽűں֮УܼӲ˵ӦЩ¼̳ˡ
̶
æ˵̳˵ǻӰɣ
鶼ͦģʮ껹ûнһץһѡȻǵ˽Ҳܶࡣ
Щĺ̫࣬ԼҲЩԼģԾͳ˵ֵܣӵڹ¯ͷĹԡ
Ѿ˵峯ʱɹŻūƣūƵһصǣĸ游ĸݸ߹󣬺ӵҲ͸߹󣬶ĸūµĺҲū
һŮ˹ĺӣ¹ƫŮҲɲ˷ˣҲɲ˼̳ˡ
ȻҲù˼Щء
ϸ˵أûеġ
йŴ⽨ᣬҲо᳼ޣϵ·
ܼҷԼռˣƫͷ˹ر˱죬˵Ϣ
⣬ūʱһҪѡúõģһʱ䣬һϲ
αװɾĶħڴԼҴ˵⡣
ǴԼ޲ôʾʾ˶ûзӦ
ǲһġ
ܼҪߵʱ򣬿˹ػڴߣƨɾ͸˴һſ˹أҪϢˣ
˹زողһתͷԳ˵Σ
̵ͷҲ˯
˹غ͹ܼҶȥԺ󣬳̲²ԼĶͣƶǸöĻƶ̫ˣ֪եٶͣڶͶǻһɣԶ̸ԶͳĲˡ
̱һ٣μԼִڸԵǴＹըۣһһ͵ԡ
ȻܵＹ꣬ˡ
եҪܶƶڻƶƷʺܲʱ
ūڵõ֮󣬾Ϳʼƻƶǲ֪ʲôӺʣҲûмǷ˲ٻƶûܳɹ
ֱʯͷһեõĻǸܸԭʡºܶ
һͱե̲ϲ
ֱ䱦
ǻʲôǸܸԭȴ԰ⶫճС
ڣ̾Լû
иˣ˴ĸֵܾãõĹžˡ
ֵҲȫУǿ
Ѿƣ˯ǰһܸ˯˯ø㡣
ͿˣȻ˼˵ûвͽ̲ʲôģӴȥɡ
ΪեͣеĻƶùˣõĶȴ١
ԶƷֻһЩ
ҺǰΪߺãţͷ˵Чʸߣ˲ٵأзϣյӽǰ
Ҳʼˣ¾ջ񣬶Ժٲ֡
ƺҪԽԽùˡ
̵롣
ֻһó̺ͷۣǾǳﰲȡ
ζܰʳĺóԡ
ʱһ̫ˡ
ҵһ߳ʦһһĸŮӡ
簲˺ӣôŮҲ
ֻܵð
ȱʱʮֻ֣̿ΪԼʲô¡
ˡɪɪſڵϡ
̲̫ϰô˵վ
վһߣԼÿĲų̡
ȡ˵֮ǰѾÿϸ߹㣬˵ʱҪʲô϶ӡ
ƺǾðϼӵԽ࣬˵ζԽá
ЩίˣѾ˵ģûٷˡ
̲ţ˵˵ڶżϡ
ָ˺һ˵
̣ǰŶ
һһ޹˵֪
ϰһ飬Ҳ˵жͷŶ١
̾ԼҲܵʦ
̾˿֪ôָȣ˵ȣȻ֪ģһҪ˵Ĳ˲óԣϼӵ̫ˣҳǸӵζ
𣿡
סˣ˲ˮƺֻҪգۣ˲к¡
̾ԼӲ
Ȼܿͷ
Ժȶ֣Ժȶܿ࣬Ҳ̫ˡ
ǿԼϺӵġ
ӣǿװǿ˵֪˴ˡ
ȣϣܱøãҲûֱ뿪𣿡
Ȳ̧ͷ̣ŨŨı֪ˣʴȡ
̣ȥɣסҵĻ
ȴӦһȻ˳˴
صİ̲סʹʧ֪Լôȥӡ
ڳǿ޵ôңҲȥ
ȿ޵û찵أƽʱ춼Ѿˡ
ǸĸѧĳգСʱͱĸ״Ϊ幤
ĸ׸Ƕбȳ˸ϸͷֲܳͬζһҪ÷ϡ
οҲǹݵ
ŵԽ࣬ʹĵλԽߡ
ĸױʹͣĸһõҫ
̫ϣͲ֪ôˡ
ΪԸ̫ϵ˲߹
Ϊλ̫߹ˣŲԸһ
̷֣Դ֮󣬰Ĳ˺öˣȻʱѵζʱ̵ҪǱ֮ǰҷϺõöࡣ
ڷϣ̿佱˰ȣʹ˰һزϣزһ»еʣ
һˣ
ǰ֮ǰȿ޵ôңһû뵽Լܵõ˵ʹͣ
ҿˣǺܽʵĲϣԴܾãеʣԸ·򲹶
ǶĽȣʼΪ˻ỻһ
ԼҲû뵽ǽزϣֿ޳ˡ
ūúܲǳ̫ʱѲĢҰɹɣһЩûɹõľֱӳԵǳθʮǿ׳˿췢ùĢҲû
ΨһǾòϰߵǣǸԼ˷ֿˣµǺ˷ֳСɻʮһ飬һ͵ɻŸ˶õ
ϣǾһ˵ﶼ룬ˮ
ԼҲһڹˮ
Ϊؾû뵽ǻͦڿġŮЦǺǵ˵ϵļ˻ͣûزֻؼӲøשࡣ
аҲ˵ţͷ󣡱ҵ󡣡
̫Ľˡ
ΪС飬ūǻල͵
ֳ˺ܶ
һؾȥͬ˵͵͸涨ʱ䡣
ǸؾۣͱͬΧȻץȥһ·
ڶС⣬һʱĥ֮󣬲ͬūҲʼ֮ǰһμ
Ҳʱ֪ԭū֮Ҳб
λߵūȻ壬忴壬ǶҰˡ
Ȼؾ˺ţͷˣţͷ⣬ֻ֪ЩûõĶ
˿ؾţͷˣǰգ̫ɵ
ֻţͷˣʵʵؾأ˭ӣȫ綼Ǻˡ
ҲΪʲôֵǿţͷôЩۡ
ԭţͷװھòôˡ
ţͷ˿ĻУǶսɱˣ붼롣
ҿʿ𣿡ʹܼң֪ӵԼľӣ֮ʱ򻹻ᷢս
Ȼ֮սӶŹ
ߵʿһܶһˡ
ˡ
֮սرЦսһҪʥԺ룬ʥԺ֪֮ͨҪһԤĴҪʱ䡣
ȻҲֱԽʥԺսģַ𷽲ӮҪʥԺһʷ
ҾʥԺǿǮ̾Լ뷨пŶȺܸߡ
ӶŹһҲʲôһǮֶΪأ
ܼң
û뵽һ㣡
ҾһӮˣҲѹһߵĲƱˣƱҪȥˡһҲûˡ
ԻûᷢսΪûôӮǰæһ
лԹ޲֡
ڸʥԺ롭̾ûǸ⡣
ıǺܶģ˵ͲˣΪֱҪֻӲͷƤϣ
Ǵûʲôװ̣װʿ
Сֻһʿ
һʿӣں͹ⷢսǾֱӴץƽȥξ
ֻһʿʥԺȻûоӣ˽ӦҲеġ
ܼҶԳ˵ū˰ɣ
룬ԼūǵĲϡ
ʵãͷУֲţͷô
ֻūļ۸Ҳˡ
ϾһֱūͬһǷ˴̫ƶŻΪū
̣ȿϻ˶ǮĻ׾ʹһūֻܵˡ
Ȼòĸеķ
ǷδȻҹŲǲھӣҪԼ
ǿǿɲʥԺ룬ҲʥԺ
Ѿ˽ӽʮ죬ʼʱ̻ģϾǴŶʮ˳ȥģ϶䱸СǳȥʱԽԽ̾Ϳʼˡ
ȥǣ˹ڿ飬˵ȥǴǣ;·ܻߵĸãʮ첢ٵǻûҾȥˣòã
˹صʵ̫ˣ˵ôʲô¶鷳㣿
˹ؿų̵۾Ǳ̵ĺƽͣΪ£ôܽ鷳أ
̾ÿ˹ִһܳΪˣԼһ˶˵ôĻŮǰˡ
ĵ˼죬ڵʮ糿صء
һ˿뿪ʱ࣬ȷʵ˲Ǯ
ֵǮѾƣһûʣȫɾˡ
ľʣһС룬ٿȻҲһûʣ
ȥʮ죬ǶһȦϸܼһ㱨ʱ˵˵ỹˡ
ȥԺ·˵ᴦ޵òΡ
һôԶ·ҲǵһθôԼ
·ʱ¼ˣҲ֪ͷˣˣˣ˾͸˵µòУҪװһʲô֪ӡ
ò뿪֣ǵ˴ǣʲôҲ֪ȥ
ǿϴȥУЩ˶ۡ
֪ǵҪŵùˣǲЩ׵ġ
ֻȥǡ
֪Ǯʣͣ˺ü죬ȥǵļݷãڶüǮ
ʵٿȥģֵֶǮһҲ٣ԿϾʹžһˣҪƾ͵ðٿҲߣȻٿȥˡ
ʱЩΡ
Ͽ֮Թܼ˵ûй˶ҵΡ
ϲɾᣬϺһһ
ܼңȥԼϴɾɣʲôˣҪֳ飬ͱ뵽ȥ̡
ΪԼõܼҿ佱Ŀϣ
ܼƫͷΪͣЩġ
ľɥְͷɾ̫ˡ
ͷһЩ˵˾ܿĺأ
ܼҿϵͷŲ鲻Ը˵һ䣺òһߴ˵ġ
ߣЩͣһ¶
ʱ򣬿ɴΪһС;մմϲ


29 
Ҫѩˡܼվڴ߶Գ˵
Ƥɪɪºֻһҹ֮, ǰһֻһ㱻, ڶ͵ðԼһ롣
Ѿ·ˣֿ̫ܵ, ˵ˡ
ֻйܼǺ֣Ȼ, ñֱڴվҲûв
ôģһ˵, ͣ
յ͵ů, ¶ʵ̫ˣǻûʲôůʩڡ
Ҫе̺, һ춼´
ܼҹϴôġ
ɴūסҲū֣ûƽÿ׶ûǮһū
ˡ
Ҫò𣿡ܼʵ
ʱ͵ʱ䣬̣ҹƤȥ԰ɡ
ܼ΢ЦԴڴϡ
ЩĶ뻹ˣڴϹһ죬ȴ, Ҳͷˡ
ܼʱ˵ԸǸůùܶࡣ
첻ȥ, ԶԴ˵ΨһֻǴϵǵ¡
ʱڻкܶŮŮūյǰȥֻҪƯ, лᡣ
Ҳ⼸죬ŮǱ˶취Լյǰ
˵ǰʾֱʾ
ûĸͯӼ뿪磬̲ңӰ췢
ʵ̫СˣԶôСô죿ֲܱ̥һΡ
̾˿
ǺҪԼůůѣһ˯ͺãҹůһ㡣
˭Է϶ôĶȹһҹ
ڳĸʱһȻԺи֡
Ψһɫѣ˹أ
ŪųԹͣ̾˿˹صķ䣬˹ڴ̨ϣﻹƤ飬һֱڿ飬̶ǲǿ̰ĵ飬Сˡ
˹ء̹Ƥ߽ȥܲڿ˹صĴϡ
˹صĴӲ
˹̧ͷ̧̣ͷһɷ紵ǳ𳤷һƬѩͷ˫עų̡
ʶ˿ĭܿ췴ӦԼΪʲôҪҿ˹ء
˯䲻䣿ʵ
˹΢Ц䡣
̣䡣
˹أһƤùȥɣҸһž͹ˡ
̣Ҳ˼ʣԸԸϸһ𼷣һ˯̫ˣ
еʱҲûͬҵĺøǼһӣ㱻ԷĽųѬ
ÿ˹ӦûнųҲûǸǳʵůˡ
ҿ˹ز䣬Ӧͦߡ
˹ط飬עתƵ˳̵ϡ
һ˯˹΢
ЦݿЩΣա
ûв˹ǰʱ䶼Цŵġ
԰ͦģܼ˵Ҫѩˡ̺棬ģҽŲҲûпڳ
̣˯֮ǰϴϴš
˹̾˿ҵʱܲһӣ
̲ԣ
˹أӦ˵װĿ˹أԸҷͬһ𣿡
̣˯ͬһŴҲͬһΡ
˹ؿ
̣ôװĿ˹ء
û˵꣬˹΢Ц˵ðɣҴӦˡ
գգۣŵ˵ڶң
ðˣӿԼϵƤӾ˹ȥ
˵һ˹زԼԽ֮ǰĺøǡ
ԼȲܶǧɱֲȥԴ֨Ҳ̫ԡ
ǳ̺εͣסˡ
˹أôˣô
̣ûʲô
̾˿ЩԼĺˡ
Ȼ趼˵ѶǺѡ
ǻһϷһҹװụ೰Ц֣һӲ̡
Ψһѵģֻп˹ء
˹һʱһ־С
ǶԷ̫ÿˣ˵һЩ޵Ц
̾˿Լ˦˹شϵƤ°Լϣ˵һطˡ
Ľ䡣
ѵֻһ˶𣿣
Ҳú䣬ڼ͸ĸһΧ̿ԱߣǷֵľ̿Ǵ֮ǰĲһҲǿˣǼֻõƤȫԱ
ĸֿŻһϴЦ˵ȥʱǿ벻ڣ
ʱֶľҪʡգ̺ܴջӶ̣ľͷģϾͲˣڣ￾ÿ춼зԡ
ʱһܸáŵ˵
ȥʱҲ˯ڳǱɪɪء
ʱİû뵽ڶĶ죬ܺ͸ĸһסһķӱѩѹ壬Ҳû˲ĵط
һѹĸԼھӣͬסƶˣǹʱǾѾûʳˡ
ĺܶ˶ȥӱߵͷάҵһ·˻ԽԽ٣ƽҪңȥҵĳС
ֻǰҿûеףֻܿ˫ߣҺ··ϿܻҰޣãߵҪȥĳУҲһҵ˵Ҹסĵطˡ
ٻһסķӣľͷĻʯͷġ
ܱ¶޽ͷúá
׵ûʲôо˵ھӣҲֻƽʱ˵仰ûʲôĸ飬ϾסֵطΪ汼Ѿˣʵû˼ȥھӽĸ顣
滹мĢĺһ԰˵Һüﻹ㡣
ѾΪСҵӢˡ
ΪаǽҲŲȥˡ
˵Щĵɡ
ĸ׺Ȼ˵ܿؾţͷһɻ
ԣǾͬһһദ̫ˣ
Ҵûū
µҲûлӹˣ
ҲūģһЩūūȻƱūΪ˻ȥöһͬ嶼ܷοǲͬˡ
裬׵ʱʥԺҪ˰ˡ
Ȼ˶ܵͣǽʥԺ˰ͽҵ˰ǻҪġ
ɽǵһ꣬ʲôջҲûУʲôȥ˰أ
仰һ˵һ˶˳Ĭ
벻κΰ취ӱ˰գͷ˰ÿ˶Ӳ˰Ǳū
ˣҲҪͷ˰ġ
ֻʿԼʥԺ˲Ҫ˰˶ý
غȻʱ򣺡ǸʴȵˣҪȻȥɣ
ȴ˲ص飺˲Ϊÿ˶˰
һȻ࣬ǻôƽأ
ѵ˻ֻһ˽˰𣿴Ҳܸȫ˶˰
һ⣺ǳΪ˵ūͺˣͲý˰ˣ
⵽ȫ˵ķԡ
أ˵ȣӣǳūҲˣĺӣ㺢ӵĺӶū
ظ磬ѵЩţͷ˺͵ؾһɻ𣿡
԰ţͷ˺͵ؾɻһֻܳٺżܳһٰ
һͻȻ˵ˣ࿴
ĸףһֻһٺ
ֳʳҲֻһٺҪô˰Ҫ
Ҿòظܲ
˰һ⣬ƽҲ˰ô졣
ȥǼҾͰѵ˰Ķȫȥˡ
ٽҾֻܰСӽȥ
ҹѩȻرɫǣȫѩһͻ֦ͷ
̸оůԭ˹ر־ģǿ˹ʵ̫ůˣֻһĵ£ܸо¡
ůһССĻ¯
ǳţͽ˿˹صϡ
Ҳò˼ѾôˣʲôĶ׸
ѩˡ̽ſ˹صֱۡ
˹أԣԽ䣬ͳԽãȥ֮ջˡ
̣Ȱ˵ɡ
һҪҵ޻ޱë¡
洩ë£ƤҹԸޱǲ˶ӡ
ڵʵ̫ˡ
˹֮ǰ֪޻ƶ仨˼һ˵ƶ仨ѵãֻʥԺ֡
ֻͲϵĹ塣
ʥԺﶼÿ˶УֻԺܡ
˶ӣȷԼȫĶ׸ʥ顣
̣֪һ㣬е䡣
˹΢΢ֱ̾׳˿˹صĻȻ۾˵ΪѸе
ҸĿҪˡ
˹ôůͣԸһ˯ûзǷ֮롣
ôõѵȥң
ǿ˹سôÿܿ˹صôҸ
̴˸Ƿ𴲵ʱʺҪ֣嶼еġ
˹أ
˯ˣҲ˯ɣûôĻ˵ǿһȥѩˡ̱۾ԸôĻԸڴϴһ죬ǰҲڴϡ
ȳ˵İʽԣͳ˯˹ȥ
ĺſ˹صţůʡ
˹û˯ţĽǶȣ̵ֻܿͷ̾˿°͵ų̵ͷ̵ĺɫͷϸܡ
˹ؾóһζ
üζ
ּȱʳļ
ļС
˹ر۾ǿ԰ָоػס̣Ҳƫͷ˯˹ȥ
ȳʱ򣬾ͷԼһʼǱſ˹˯ģȴһͷڿ˹صĻͷſ˹صؼ
˹صؼеӲ
˹صĻĺůͣ벻ůֱͣȵ̺ҪãĻ¶ȹߣҹѡ
ڿ˹صĻһҲ붯
Ȼһ˻ƺЩˡ
ܱһ˴ڱıɪɪúá
ˣ˹ûۣս˸첲²Ƕͷڿ˹صؼˣȥ
ͦ͵ģûոոоôӲˡ
˹صЩɳƣ˯⣬Ȼ˼ԸС
̾ԼĶ䶼컳ˡ
ˡһ飬ƿ˿˹ء
Ȼ֪ÿһʱζܻãЩ˼סԼõĵط󣬳뿪˱ѣ׼ȥһ¸⡣
˻̵һ
һҹĹ¿϶ֽ˼ȡ
æƤ߳ҡ
øĹܼײ˸š
ܼҿ۳ֿ̣۳ڴϣ쳨Ŀ˹ء
ֿܼ۳̣ۿ˹ء
ȻıȻˣ˯һֻռ˵ѵľ
ˣܼʹļףԼĺðײ˸ˣüͷ壬Ҫ˵Щʲô
ȴ˵ÿҪвסˣ
ܼң
ͬһ˲
¹ܼҺͿ˹ضӡ
ܼң޳ܵħ
˹أ
ܼܻҾ֪Դ˼
˹˹˵һ˯ģ˵˭˼ҲֻռһС֡
ܼңֻǱƭˣ
˹ؿŹܼң΢Цôأ
ܼҶݺݵؿſ˹أһô˿Ŀ
˹ʼ磺㡣
ܼٴ׺ݵص˿˹һۣ뿪ſڡ
̽Ժ󣬸߳ͿڲſڵĹܼҡ
һվ
ܼҿĵ˵ˣҪůˣҲӦҿ˹أ
̣ΪʲôҾͦõġ
ӦҲûбȿ˹ظů͵ˡ
ܼʹԼӸһ鲻𣿡
̣ûԹܾ鶼ࣿҸû鰡
Ը˹ͬΪԷ죬ѡ
׶ûʲô˯һоܱŤ
ܼԴǵ˵ǿģȾʭӣʱ׶Ͱɡ
̣Ŀϡ
Ŀϴ˸磬ںˣΪܼ˵ȾʭӣҪͷǿԼٹԼͷƤûҵһʭӵӰӡ
ΪʲôҪôңʹסԼ
ߣº͵İοҪѹȷʵʭӣֻԼûз֡
Ĩ˰᣺Ϊ˴ˣһ·ϲܶô־嶼˹ڣȻңΪʭӣԲ̴ܷˣ
ʥ鰡ôộ
ˣҲû˰յ⣿
ϣʲô
̾˿ϾҪʥԺ˰ˡ
ɫһߣ˯˻ȥҵʥ鰡
¿ô죿ϸˣǼΨһ֮ǰƤȥ꽻˰ʱѾȥˣ
С˵뵽һ취
Ͽʲô취ѵҪȥԺм𣿡
ȥ˼ҲңȥĻӦû㡣
Ȼϣǲòϣϱúÿöࡣ
ֱͷüë֮󣬹Ҳе鷳
һѹɤҵİ취ǣΪ˵ū
ǾͲý˰ˣ
һ뷨뷨̫ˣ
ūܳٺǵļȴֻܳһ٣ûūĺŨ
˰Ժ˵һһٺԲϣ統˵ūأѵ뵱һ񣿡
ϣ˵еҵûȥú롣


30 
꣬Ƕ˹, Ƕ˹ʱ, ʥԺȨûôΪ˾£Ȩ, ½̣ԷΪ½̵Ľ̻, ȷʵںܳһʱڴʥԺ£Ȩ, Ǹʱ, ƽǹúܲģΪȨȨһ, ͷ˰˰һġ
˽ӣСʥԺӢһӣΨһµĹԼûлӣߵ˽Ҳҡ
Դ½ǣ
ɢ½, ʥԺմ󲿷ȨӸҷͥ, ѹһͷ
ܼ˵ʱúܲ˼飺ô˱ס˽ӣ
ԭһ˽ŮΪܼ̳λڹҵ˻Լ, ŵ̳λ͸Է飬ԷԣˣͬĸĵܵҲˡ
䵽Ƕ˹ͷϡ
ƫƫǶ˹һˣʵʥ飬ԼĻ͵ʥԺʥԺ̵
Щº󣬳̾Լ⵽˳
йŴٻҵʱڣûлʵ۵˽䱻Ȼһȥ̳лλӡ
ܼҶѾҵĹ۵Ǻܸߡ
˵ǸӵĹϧߴһ·ԼҲûˡ
ԺūűԽԽ࣬͹ԱǶʥԺ
ƽԽԽȥˡ
أһƽ񶼼ȫū
ڳ͹˼Ҳ˰ƽҲǣԭС֮ңڳû¶ٵƶͥ
ԭġ룬Ȼ˵һ²⣬ǲҪˣ
ܼҲһֱôµģҿȥţС˵Ҳôµġ
ȻʥԺΪʲôҪôƣеɱȡѵζ
ǴҲûʲôϵ˴⣬СǶ˶ʳ
Ҳûо׼ȷ˵ûƽūľֻʿ͹ƾõߵľλء
ֻһڵƾͲ˵ˡ
ʱֻңʥԺͷˣ̷ҲϿ
ص䣬Ķͨõĵ
ˣǽɡܼС顣
˲࣬ڻǺӡ
ЩãȻѶˣ˵ѻкܶ࣬Ҳ
ȥ
שϵשҲҪģһ÷ɰꡣ
ֻˣһңÿض
ūֻһ־Ͳˡ
ֱӹϵģûйҵһпʱ
שƹ̷ǳڳɰ꣬Ȼˮһͳɳ࣬ȻŽľƵģѹʵΪ˷ֹճճϸɴ
ֻɣֹɹƺͱΡ
һש
Ǯɱ޴
ֻʹܼңǻûǮū
ܼҴúܿ죺У١
ЩǮǿϳȥƵġ
̶ܴϻ˳̵ľѹ
Ҳ㿪Ⱥˡ
ϾʲôܣֻǮϵūƽܻܲȥǲŲܡ
̣ǾһЩɣ̫ࡣ

Ͼһū
ִ˶ûһ޶á
ЩūͲˡ
ĺ̫ѣҲѿӵԼĻҸĹˡ
ĻҲףǵðۺܵĽȫˣѶȲڻ̥һΡ
Իǵͨá
ιܼҽǰѾ顰̵͡ūʲ
ʲʾֻҪһˣԷĲͼ۰ū
ܼȥѯ˳̡
ûоܾϾĵϣʲʲôȵʳǱǸɲɡ
ʲ̣ϵȻܴ
ȥ·˺üĳȡ
ԭ˷ܵʲ߹У𽥱η̣
ˡʲڷ
ϣﻹһѾơܼġ
ʵΪװơ
ʾȻҵͼ۴ūҲҺ۸
̣Ҽǵ㡣
ʲ˷ܵط죬ʲôľٶֻ̧ͷ̡ﲨ
۾գó̶ܵۼ
ˣʲ˼ȣҿʮū
ֻһң
۸ı˵Ĺͷ
ʲѾɥʧˣԳ˵ڸضкܶ޼ҿɹƽֻҪץסǡ
̳һڵľѾ̶
ƫƫʲΪԼͷԸе⡣
װһ򶨵ӣȻʮūɡ
ūһ㡣
ʲæ˵ʮūΣ
̵ͷܺá
ʲ¶һϿɵЦݣóһļƤ
Ϊʲļ֣Ҳû𣬴ԼΪ˴ʲûڳǱסһͷıѩȥˡ
ҳŵʮڰ˴
ԼԻкôģ
ЩãȻ롣
첢ΪضӲˣԳֻūûѩӣȥһûӲ
ܲܽһڷο̲ǳȥԼҲȥ￳񣬱Ͼľ̿ǾԲģյٶ࣬󲿷Ҳȥˡ
ӾҪȥڵأ֮ǰ̽һֲ·˺Ŀݲݣ˼󣬲³š
ĸ׺ܵһҪСġ
ѩ⣬ѩֶı棬Ҫǻһӣ˵ͻˤô
ӣûµ裬ҴôůͣЬ
ЬƤģҲǴ˸ĽͣūѾǷǳˡ
ȻūʹȴȨԼѡȥġ
ū٣һθʿȥӭǿū
ȻǻԼסһ𣬿ɱѾͬˡ
µҲǣǿɵƬϡ
Ȼ뿪أһֱǴ㽵ģСʱͻôһ졣
ܹΪһϵġˡ
ġ󡱡
ֻֻ֣һôģ˶ūѾôˡˡ
ܹǣΪ趼ġ
ӳŲãͿţͷǾһţͷǿ׳ǰʱԵĲ˺ܶ֬ڶҲܲ·߻
Ǹһɻ
ţͷӹϵõǸмǸճֻ꣬ΧһƤȹӺһĻ֣ӣҪˣ
æӿŲ߹ȥɲܣˤô죿ϻͦġ
ﶼһ£Դ˵̫ˣôӲڿǰûĺöֻʯͷѵҿ
˵ǰ£ݡ
ʱѰǳԵĲ࣬һڶɻ
ʯͷܰ棬Ӳ˺һƤ
ڣֻҪŵľС
ǰĻڶúˡ
̫̫ǻˡһĸ̾
ͺˡ
ȥ꣬ǰܹ꣬ˡ
ǰţͷ˵̫̰ˣ
Ӻף֪ˣ衣
˺ţͷŮС壬ӣҲôѣǵ˺Ů˻һϸֱ޷֡
ûջڳƽڳûκ
ڵʱǾͻصʳ
ÿʱ򣬶ľͰõڵĺʱ򻹻еҰˣΪ죬ʲôҰ˶ûС
͸ֶģΪ̵ԺҲΡ
ûʲôȺĶһȺĺҸˡ
ؾǷൽһٿΧһԷ
ҲɹĢѸĢˮһȻŽܳһı
ʲūˣûڳ
ʲҲūҲּ˳һ档
ˣūȻ˵㣬ûһȱ첲ȡʲؿų̡
ЦĺܺãԺҪūҲ㡣
ʲжˣΪ˰£ҵҫ
Ϊһд棬ԼҲ̡
վߵʲߣʲļ򣺡һǵĵġ
ʲŵؿԼĹļͷۿˣȥЩͷֵ˵۴ҪʲôֻҪŪģһ͹
̣ƶ仨ӣŪ𣿡
ʱʲѾ˸һƬհףֻһͷζ˵ԼУᶨ˵Ū
ôף
ҲǾˣùܼҸʰ˷䣬Ϣһ߰ɡ
ʲȻһģ˲ūԼ£ε˾Լֶӡ
ֶǸˣʵһ⣬խִܰװúܺÿˣ̫ԼΪʲôҪô˵İū
һǲûǮأ
ȻץūҪǮץūҪ֣һ·˹ҪǮġ
֮ǰԼ壬ûһ٣ڶûԼΪʲôᰤһ
ǱʱҲûϡ
һǱʲôƻˡܿŻ𣬺һһߴһ߶ߵ˵
ҲӻЦǺǵ˵ô϶ԭ򡣡
ܲס
ҲˣūԽԽֵǮμҲӸ߲£ÿȥζҪһЩ֣˻Ҳ̫ࡪΪԽԽˡ
Ҳûмϲεģһģ˵ʲôҲˡ
ϾеǵطҪǮ
ֲһ֣Ҫ϶ͷ̨ġ
治һܿƬأȻûūɻҲû˿ū
⵹Ǹ£ūֻҪţﲻűӣǾͻ뷽跨͵
ܴƽΪūˣȫ
Ա˵ʮʴȣ˵ܿ
룬˵ʴȵǻġ
ʵ̫ˣ
ʴȿնǱԼĺĳġ
ˣ˼ȻԸ׷ˣԷ϶ֹֻʴȡ
ѾˣɺӲʣʲʵͬĸֵܣֻĸŮͣͳʲˣһ𳤴󣬸͹ϵͬǸһЩ
˽ʲ֪ʲǸˣһˣôͲнļҵ
ܲôţԼǴЩūҪôҲһǮ
Ĳдϣ̾˿ֻ˵룬һҪһǣӻǵĵط˲Ǵˣ벻˴ۣСʱ̰եǵĹͷ
ֻһʴȿݵӵвػܽǡ
һ㣬Լ̫ˣôأʥԺء
ҡҡͷ˵
ĶӣԼͰƨɴ򿪻ˡ
ʲڳõȻ߹Ƕ˵ܵõĺɫѾǷǳˡ
Ҫ֪˴ūʹ⣬СˣҲÿǵɫ
˵˵°ɡ̶̬ʲ
ʲųŨڳֻп˵ʱŻӺܶϣϾͳһףϷŵԽ࣬ŨζԽḻԽ֤Ǳء
ˣڳ˴һɫūʲǽʵĻ⣬Ǻڵľ͸չľһ
ʲ²˵۸񻹲أ˵غĹ嶼ЩɫūǱصūܳԿ࣬ˡ
̲һ˳
ɫģ
ѵҲз
ޣ˵ийһĹң
ʣǴﱻģ
ʲҲ֪ӦںһߣǾȻûƽ룬˵Աþƾܻƽ𣬻˿ɶˣ
Щź֪ҲҴһˡ
˲ٽԺֻһЩˡ
ǱҲūأʲ㵸λľū
ʲ˵вٴ׼̴֯ȥʳ;ƻвƥٻЩū
ú棬ʣΣк𣿡
ʲȻУˣ֪ڶ䲻ºϿһСңͿǮأÿĴʮа˾ŶҪǴ٣Ǵٲ㣬Ҫɱˡ
ǺϵǺöʲ˵
뵽˵ɯһͳεӢǿŴ󺣳Ϊһʱİ
ʵʵûг·ģһׯ
ɯһʱԹ洬˵Ǵҵ˭֪Ǻҵ
̾ÿϧԼûٺٺǾȡ֮ΣοɹȻҪοɱ̫ˡ
ѵĺʣ˵԰ζƷ
ҲûܳΪūѾллˡ
ʲڳǱס£˯һ¥СһѷģҲû˱ԹԼڼҲôܣһһȡ
βá
ҹڿ˹صĻԿ˹˵ҪǲҶūǳˣ
ˣ
˹زôһ棬̾뵱ˡ
̻ڸ̾ҵʲôʱܷأ
˹ûס̵ĺף˯ɣˡ
ͳƢ˵ˣɱˣŵü˯ž
ԣˣ㻹ǿ˯ɡ
ʲôС
лҪ˵̣үһǲģûҴū
ң㻹ǸллҰɣҲ㵱ȥˡ
̣


31 
Ͷٺһڰǰ, ֪ʲôʱֵԼ
һϴʲôʱ, ūˣҰˡ
ģļǵԼСʱס, ﻹˣ֪ô, İְֺүүү˴ˣĸ׻Ҹļ, ͼ˾ͳū
һΪūļ˶, ֻš
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôš
ڰͶٳʱ򣬹µĳ˵, ȥ
Ͷæ߽ľ

ĸߴ˶˵ľͰȥ
Ͷٲҳɣ°
ʭҲ̫ˣϴˣꡣ
ô죬Դö䰡
Ͷٲ˵ʵʵľͰװԼǸưͣ˵һ, һٶ
ܿ죬͸Ҷ, Ǹڸͷ
ͷǴĶģ
ͶС˵ǴӸɴ˵ġ
Ͷͷİɲ֪˭Ķ˵, Ǵ
ͶٰԼһСţݵȫǹͷֱƤŹͷ̧ͷ˰һְۣŲ£ƺʲôĹҵģϻ⣬һ֪ò
ͶԺˣΪʲôūͷ
ɻʮֵ˵Ǵ˵ˣҽа
Ͷæˣ
һôңĴֻһ
ͶҲסˣæ졣
ȻҪúøɻ
Ͷٲסͷ
վ
Ͷʶվ
ȿĶŽͰͣ־˵󡢴ҡ
ȻֻһūҲһȱū
֪ˣ£ɾûʭӡ
ͶݲҧͷҲҲҪꣿ
ĸɾ˵ˣȥš
ͶٴľͰվһֱůľͰůصĸ׵ĻΪūԺҲĸס
һ죬ĸ״߾ﻹһӤ
ûп
Ҳ¼ѾֲǰǺˣҲ֪Ϊĸ׻ؼҸļޣûҲū
֪Ҳⲻ˺
ôԼûȡӱӣ㲻Ϊѹ𣿣
ң³ȥʳڣĸȴ˭
Ĳٻȥˡ
µĴǿԽԽݣҲɲˣŰˣȻ͸ˣɽˮ֪˶õ·ʱ򿴵޼ҿɹˣҲЩץϡ
ץס˾ͱū
Ȼ͵
Ͷվūм䣬ּūһƤŹͷվڿܿǰһĹͷһ
ȻҶôӦòΪ̫˷ʳ
ʱ·ģֻȫòǿ壬ܱů
۴ūʵǱȳ̵ūùһЩģϾ·ƻеģūû·
Щ·ȻܴϴɾҲø˲УܹɹᶳɱӣЩū·֮ǰô
ͶپͱһӣӸм仹һ裬ȼŵĺľͷֲľͷΪǺڵģụ̂ʲô
ůͣͺūڻԱߡ
һ˼һ𣬻лԴϸոϴ˸ˮ裬ȻԽԽࡣ
С˵
ͷˣҲˡ
ˣΪҲˡ
ůͣӡ
ǰ˯ģҸ˹ϵã˯档
ܸ˯Ҳů͡
һľͰľͷ롣
Ͷŵζ
Ҫ
ʳζū˵ˣմĿľͰһƺż
չЩūǰūǡˡūҪԴūǴýԽԽ࣬Ͳôˡ
ūҲˣһϲŭ֡
ԿЩūҲᷳĺϡΪ˵ЩūþˣȻ̫ѶƤŻܻԲֻǳôϡĺ
ȻеԭֻҪǴ˵ģǾͿ϶ǶԵġ
һֻһЩľǰģȻֲڣã˵ˣҲû˻ЩӴֲڡ
ūǲҹȥֻøǡ
ͶٽӹԼǱţ滹Σ
ū̲סһڣ̵ͷҪҲ³
æһٳԣͷҲǴ˵ĲƲ̻
ûкԣ
ūǲҶˣؿźǿ
ͶҿűȳԣԼٳԡ
䣬ĺܿ죬΢еʱ򣬰ͶپͿʼﵹˣ
һ·ֻܳԵ˵Ķӻвݡ
ͶٲھԼˣĶůģȻûȫѾеҸˣһζůůʱ򣬻Сʱڼңĸʱ
żԡ
Ǳ̳緹ɾʹܼңūúˣ
ܼ΢΢ǵġ
ʲһʮūʮ壬ʮţͷˣˣ߸ؾ
ȫݵƤͷ
ʲ˵ʮȻݣûмһ·о΢õ׳Ҳʮꡣ
СĴԼʮꡣ
ȫֵ׳Ͷ
ڳ̵ȱˡ
ʮֻŮˣţͷˡ
ǵõĴûһϴ裬Ǳͬǵϴ裬ǼǷʭӣҪë
̾˿ЩǱҪģˣܶ¶
ˣĺɰֵñȥȻ˱ˣ˲ѽ
Ĵūôˡ
ʲû𣿡Щ֣Ȼû̫춼ôˡ
ܼң˯ú
˵ѾƣڷһϵľƷ裬һһЦҪ£ò˯ˣûôѡ
Щ⣺û뵽ô
ʲǱӣͲԼ֮ǰʲô߳˵ġ
˿ްɿްɲ
ʲѾˣǶѾ׼ˣֲ̣ó̰ʲѣֻܵţȳԹͣԹͣͲˡ
һ쾹Ȼٷ
̫ɳˣ
̫˷ˣ
ء̫Ҹˣ
ܳʣİ˵Ȼ壬дǻ۵ˣסλ˵Ͼͺˣ
һٵĹأôҲôǸˣθڴʱ򣬱˵һ٣û⡣
ҴûԹ˵㣡
žˣӲÿԵ
ܳһҸĺһڳһһҹҲˣСϴʲôʲôطȥǴũûûģСׯ԰һӣһж
ҳǱ˳Ķ࣡
ôôˣ
һ̣ܺͳ̵Ի·һġ
ЩȫµģȻˣ˲ߣҲԸ뿪ǱֻҪǣǾͻڳǱ
ϲԼúܶ˵ġ
ݵ
ɳ̲Ҫݵһ仰˵һ굽ͷû˭
ҳǱҲûôҪɡ
̸ܼȶȥˣһЩ˻ؼȥƽɡ
úøɻ˵ڳǱﵱøࡣ
ܳʱûгĹܼңʱȴͬˣԴǵ˵ˣĹ壬Ҫôˣһˣ
̵ɴ۾⻹٣
ܼңͣӦȴֻһϡ
гĳͰһӦа˸ȴֻĸ
ϴ·ҲС
̣Ҫô𣿡
ԼҲ鷳ôҪôˣֱ˷
ܼ˵ĺе޷ֻܷųС޵ˣ
ֻϤͶõá
ܼҶĻǼ⣬Ϳڵˣ
Ҳܣ̫ˣ̾ǿˣ˰ɣܰҲҪˣפ˶ûУ㲻ӦҾͲ
ܼҶʱæ˵ˣӦõģ
˶ûˣܼһʲôã
ܼ˵˵ţݺ᣺һһͷײ
ûôܺãҪôΪʡǮˣ
ˣ
̣
ΪʲôΪʲôܼҲ籾
ʱܼҲӦ˵ģ
Ļ
ֻȥοһ޶ϵĹܼҡ
Ҳȫȥƽ񣬾Щɨӵģһһɨ飬ȫûбҪһЩ֣ųȥһЩ𣿡
иֵأǲиջҲܸõܣ˵Բԣ
ܼĨ˰᣺˵е
ҲûԼȡʤǹܼȡʤ
ֻҪĽˡ
û뵽ܼһǸóһ޶ϵ֣ʧˡ
ܼǸŮˣƯᣬܿȥݹ磬ɫݣԻԭ
ϧǸˣͻôֻȥݹˡ
ܻʵ۳谮ļȻֶûа취ʩչ
ԲһӾ磬һλɵЦ
ܼҲվԱ΢Ц
˹ؽʱ򣬱ıסˡ
ΪԲ̫˲֡
ܼΪ̶òܵԼҪԲ֡
ȻֵԭܹͬһĿ֡
˹ҲʣֻȻϣʳ̣ȥûѩˡ
ѵòѩȻ䣬Ҳ֪һֱڳǱﲻ̫ã˵ȥһӾ͸ȥ
˹ؾڴܼҽҪȥˣҲˡ
ϱܼɳȥź̵ľǾ׶һʱѧϰѾܹ˽ˣȻЩĿİֻܶ᲻ԴҲ֤˾ǿѧϰ
ҪΪѣ٣ƾǵֵʹ̶ȣҲ䵽ز
׶ںƽܣӳȥҲҲؼҵ·ˡ
ǰΪԼȺľ飬ҲôΪñǿƳȥԣȻھҹﵽȥҰҰѼԣԼԸȥͱ˱ȥ¡
Ҳû峤ָı϶ûŮԸ顣
׶Ǹõط
ΨһҪ¾ż̴·
̫ˣ̫֣
ֲǰЩץߵͬûлȥġ
ԭôã
̲֪׶뷨׶˵ҪȥߣҪһ𣿡
׶ܾ
ÿȥԣΪķ羰ûʲôɿġ
úܡ
Ҳǿ׶Ҳֻǳòһʡ
׶ӣϵ̿׶Ǹʵ̫ˣ˵ѽ򿪣ҽһᡣ
׶ɴ۾᣿
ѽɺӣ
˻ı죿
岻ѵؿų̣Ŀ£̵򵥵úܣ㿴ð
ֻͷһţһǰһ죬Ȼ󽻲浽мһһٷĺϵˡ
ÿͬѧչʾһֵʱͬѧǶʾһ˫ɵ֡
ȻŮͬѧ඼ᣬͬѧϵЬǶһߵЬһߵЬȥƸȦϣȻҲǺᣬûô졣
׶̾
̵⣺ŬһҲԵģ
׶ʹͷȻѳͳ䡣
̸˹뿪˳ǱΪ·̫̱ץſ˹صֱۡ
̲ǲѩûе·֪òĶȫһȻʵҲûмѲӡ
ϲ𣿡̺Ȼʿ˹ء
˹΢ЦܲҺϲ
̾˿ǲͳһ
˹һ΢Ц
̣ûнֵû·ûмУҪʲôûʲô֮ǰضǷ㡣
ʲôʱܹݳõĹ
˹أʲô
̣Ƴְɡ
õžˡ
˹أʲô˼
̸˹ؽһ
˹رŹֵʣŮ˵ϴˮ
̣
̣Ůˣˣ
˸Ů˲һֻҪ˳Ϲϵһ࣡
˹أ˼ǣŮֻҪúÿԸϴˮ
طǾơ
˹ز̫ͬĿ
ε˵ðɣǲҪˡ
컹Ҫòܹȥ̵һ֮ǰסʥԺ¾ͽˣȶ쳤
˹أҪ˶ˡ
ֻҪȥջˡ
ūҲܿʼɻ
ʱ򣬳ҪС󣬻飬ʵҲ֪ʲôʱã֪Ƕ޸һΣɶ棬ϲůθ֣ů͵硣
죬ջ񣬵ʱͿ֯Ǻơ
꣬ÿ˶ܴ·ǡ
̻޲ð¿Ѹꡣ
˹غȻʣ䲻䣿
ѻãһѳ̾ʹ˸£е㡣
˹Ȼİֱ۴ڳ̵ļϣͱ§ˣ̱˹§˻
ƫƫ̴ʱ֪ܲж˵̫ˣҪǰúʣ
˹أ


32 
죬̻Ѷ, ߹Զ·, ɢ
ūҲôûʲôůʩҲû㹻Ĺ, ˶ڷȹġ
˹صȥԣֻֻܺ¹
п˹صĸ, ûгһء
̶Ǵ˷ָ˸ūƽûеġ
û˻ѳζ, ֻҪ˹ش, ;Բᱻ˷ѡ
ҲûȥĶû˸, Ҳû͡
ȶѩڣߺ󣬳̲ºصƤۣڴϡ
Ҫջ˰ɣ˷ܵ˵˹صıϡ
˯һһǧ쵽̸˹һϴ裬ĶԷЦԼСˡ
˹صס̵ƨɣó̴ϻȥ, ȥ
̣ȥҵһڡ
˹ذѳͣұȥ
æȥǧ, ǴֻУ汻㱳ȥǶ಻á
ڵ, رɫҶӣ죬ԳԵʱɫҶӾͻήȻҲήǿĿԺСǸɺˮֵ޿صĵز
صΧȫ˿磬ѩûʱҶӾͿήˣҲûȥڣѩ̫ˣصıҲӲˣѩ˭û취
ȻƤۣĻǲ㣬䲻ȣʮڼﶼյһ½ʮ߶£Ҫʼްˡ
һסϷûůȫһħ
̾Ȼǳ¶ȴԼҲֻĶңʱ˵ʮȡ
ϻһЩѩūǺܿܰʣ²ѩߡ
ѩûԺ󣬿ǿήҶӾ͸ˡ
Թֻг̺Ϳ˹أūʵ̫ɶ
ֻǲµӦܳԡ
ūǾվڳ׵ĵطӣ˵档
̱ūǣ¡û
̻ǺӲ͸ĸоһ
С죬æ
ô˵涪ĸоһܲã̻ô˼ġ
˹ֻռ̱˫ס̵֣һ
̾ڿ˵档
ͼˣͱ˵˵ϣɫĿȳеĻҪҲȳĸࡣ
ֻһˣ͹硣
СʣⶫԽԽ࣬Ȼռеذɣ
˹أᡣ
˿Ǿͺá
̲˵
£Կ˹˵ȥɣ㿨гԣϻΪҪֻ֣һ
ѾĳȲҪζ
ūǴõھѵõĴգջСʱҪ³ȡ
Сɲ᳤ôãֳСɱ񣬶ҾԺʣ¶٣ÿջյĶࡣ
ƽҲóŴĵʼأȵðѵ·һ飬Ȼȥ
Ϊûиţֻܿνǿţͷˡ
ţͷҲԹؿɱȿɣǱͱ󣬳ɵö
ϣūǾͳ˰ڳĿ硣
Ҳ⿣ڻУ͸ʯͷࡣ
ԴԴϵĿ类ֿţūǿԺͿʼ𴲸ɻһɣæµͷۡ
̣Ҫ顣
̾Ϊʲôǲ֣
㶬ʮū˴æҪջ磬ҪأֲС
ƽֻҪԼ⵽ǵأūȴҪæһĻ
ǻкܶţͷȥ꿪ģûʹõĸء
ǳ̲ˣҪҲҪȵ졣
ΪʱŬˣֻܳԴܶڶūߡ
Ե˶죬ūļ۸͵ľˡ
ūɲ㣬ֲѾƣֻ֧û룬Գ̱ҪʡĻǮ
֯ͺˡֻôοԼʴſڽҵĿ˹أū𣿡
̲ȿ˹ػش𣬾̾ʵҲ֪㣬ǹСջͰùˣء
˹׳̵˼ˣ
̿Ͱ͵˵ûǮˣǻΣ򲼺ƷûǮˡ
ҿضҪˣūһһۡ
˹ڴߣȥ˻
̿ĶǮ
ԭ˹ػ˽Ǯģ
˹ؿʱ׼ٸʵ׵˵ոտЩūûбץߣֻҪȥĿ죬ȥ磬ҵǮū
̣ĺ𣿡
˹Ц㻹𣿡
̳Ĭ˼룬ǲſ˹أǵĿ˹ΣգūҲǵ֮һҲû¡
ҾҲǺȱˡ˵ǿɣֻҪСˡ
ţͷǽ껹üģҳ̾û֯㡣
ǿɽˮǾȻûں㡣
չܼҵ˵Ǵ鷳Һ㼸ССϺ̶٣ԣǾû˷ȥץġ
Ϊջ񲻳ȣǸʱ䣬ȥһֻҰҲץúá
ǳ̲ȱζϵʱ԰СϺ¶ǾͲ̶࣬ҲģֻܱȽսܼǵ񾭡
¶ǻȥƬ࣬Žη͡
Ȼ͵¶Ҫܳʱ䣬˸µһ꣬꣬͵ʱԽζͿڸоԽá
ҷ͵ڵʱ֪¶ڷͣѾˣҳˡ
õ¶ҲкصζǳԵ˾ͻԲľһȳζ
ʵҲ֪Լܲܳԣ¶ҪˣӦø͵رܲСȻͻƶ󽴡
ã𲻳ҲҪ˷ѣܳԡ
̾ԼҪֿԷΪࡣ
ĵģֵصģֵģջģдģŪϡŹֶġ
ҲҪרȥ
Сˣ̿ů﷢ͣһβԵڶΡ
ֱԳΪֹ
Ҫ˵ĵط̫ˣֺ
˹ᣬƶַڳ̵ļϣ̵۾ųɫ򣺡Ϊҵģһ˴ġ
̣Ҳһֱ鷳㣬ԴԺ󣬾һֱڰҽ⣬㶼ûϢ
˹زϢһ
Ҳɷ羰˵ԼʲôҲûɡ
ҼȻ˵˰æ֤ҿԡ˹̵ļ򣬡Ҫˣ
̣ʮɣ
˹ЦãҪ𣿡
ҡͷɣҪǮѾܺˣҲˣġ
˹üͷһ壺ʲô
̣ûʲôҪߣ
˹أãһ˾͡
̺ܲͬǶΣհҪǳóһ㻹ã㳤ģҪһ˳ţҪǱɫħ忴ô죿
˹أɫħ
ɴ֪ħﻹֵ塣
̵ͷǴɫЩˡ
˹أ
̾㲻Ϊദˣ;ȫ˶һֱڣ㲻ֻ֪Ա𣡡
˹ʵڲ֪˵ʲôˡ
̿˹ؾþò˵չȥ˵£˸㣬ҪȻðغͿһȥɣϾʿԱ㣬ҾӦò·϶֡
ϾƽʱغͿѿ˹صɼС
ѵñ̹һεĿ˹ֻ˳ų̵Ļ˵ȥҲһҰҲץסʲôΣյġ
̣ǿɲһ
̲֮ʼʱһܷο˹һȥҿ硣
ƬϳΣգΣգԴˡ
˹û취ٶȰ˵޹һţȻҹˡ
ͽ̵ڶűӣţһضԹܼ˵˹һˡ
ܼﰵϲ滹άȰο˲ģΪһ飬֪Լڸʲô˵Ҹ뿪
̳ɵܰɣߵĻҲøŰ
ܼȻſ˹ص˼龭һЩ޷¡
׶ƺùͷֻܲҪͷҪٹε
˵׶ܼҾһӵѵǾ׶ŰѶԷµһ飬ÿֲֲֵҹﻹҪȥԣֻ۱ֻۣ֪
׶ƺڵӺֲܲøػֲñȥÿ춼úܿ
һʱͷԺ׶òͷʮҸ˾ǰ죬ּٽԼʭӵĽڣѳͷָɾˡ
ֱùܼϳȥ
ܼһԳ˵ˣȻ˹ˣǻ׶úźģ
ܼ֪ʱһֱǿ˹ҹ˯ڿ˹ˣȻ͸û˯ȻǴ죬ҲߣҹﻹǻЩ䡣
һжǺ˵Ĺܼңʱ׼ʤĹʵ
û뵽˵Ҹ׶̫죬ϻԼ˯ɡ
ˣūǳԵ𣿡
ܼգգۣѾܾûйܹūˣǰū¶Ӹ˿ϡ
ܼ۾˵ϹѾˣۿģҪԵ㶫𣿡
̵ͷҿɣʰѬ⻹ûʣԡ
ζ࣬ڸͷĽ塣
ڰȸ׼͵ʱ˶Ѿ˿ŴĿ硣
Ͷٸסͬһͬĺ磬ʱ𴲣Ժǵ緹ÿ˶õһ磬õֵʱ͸ʯͷһ
ܳ𣿡ǲͣѯʹ¡
±ǷĲͷˣԲԣԾͶһϵĶӰɣ
Ƿ˵ū
ͶǲˣԼġʯͷͣоİ취
ˤͬɥ˵
ҪȻùɣ
ûй
ūſ磬ѵѾֻǳʯͷ
ǳԹĵؾ·ʱһɵԶԶѵѿ綪ˣ˾óԣ𣬺ܱӣ
Ͷѭȥǵؾ˵ŵɪɪ
ȻѾˣƽʱôūӴū۸ūǳе£ҲȥӴڵؾ˵ɰŵòᡣ
ллû˵͡ӡӡ
ΧڻԱߣҪҪһԣ
Ūǵأ
Ͷǣؾ˵ѿ綪˻
Χڻԣصȴš
𣿡
Ӧú˰ɣŵζˣ
Ͷľ˴ԭӲøʯͷһĿıˣæѿҲ̣˺ǲƤԺȲҧһڡ
ģͶپ
ͬҲһ档
ڵζ٣ҶȻģۡ
ʱûø᰾ǣеǷֶǴӲ͵ȡģ۸񰺹嶼ÿ𣬸˵ūƽˡ
ܶƽһӿܶûԹǡ
Եʳܴζʳͻǳ׷
Ͷ̻ʣԼʥ鿴ǿһ֮ġ
ϵ˶ջϲȻջĲǲƲֻҪЩʳڣͲΪʳȱϳȥҲûз±

һߣ뿪صĿ˹شд޴ĺɫչɫëʣſһ˲䣬յơ
ֻܾ·صԼϡ
ᴩߵɽɺԵĺӴԼأͱڵĶˡ
棬ԨȥܹҲܿħ壬ͬι״Ĺ
˹ȥ
Ľٴβڵʱǰ޾ĺڰ
ûоͷҲûһ˿
ǹ˹ó֣һ
˹ſ졣
³Ĳͨһԣһֻħԡ
ڻУһСħ˳ԭͺС쳣ͣצܻӲʯĿ֮£ϵһջڣʹĺУһô۵İˡ
Ϊ˵һɹԽԽħ˳
ҪôɰˣҪô壬ÿһȥ棬ÿģҲûǱ˴ͷ
˹أ
ˣҲ֪ǿħ嶼ûйĵطҲԷʲô㳤
Ҫȥء˹ĮҪҪ£𣿡
һɰ˵ħСʣˣǲȥԨϵȫɱ𣿡
ħǴԲɱӲ֪Ͱʲô
˹üͷ壺ܡ
ħǻ࿴
ħʣôˣȥԨ֮ϸʲôأ
ɱˣҲû
˹ޱ˵бİš
ڣħǶΪ˹ҪȥЩݶӵ¡
²
ᰫˣҪǵĳͳ
ģΪʲôҪͳӣҾð˺ܿɰ
ֻɱ뿪ԨˣҧǵĲӣ˺ǵĶӣǵѪϴ

ʱ򣬿ħǻ֪ǲȥġ
ϾҪֵصģĵģʵֶˡ


33 
ڿԲˣһֵĻС, Сȥˡڳûֹص, ûбԼõˣŲ, ʩҲһ⡣
ԭõĿӱڿˡ
һʱĳЩ϶ˡ
ǰҲ, ũҷһʱ䣬ֱ, ջĸ
û뵽, ͺũҷô
ϷķϿûζģֻҪһ, ܸʩ÷ʣ˳õһЩͽ
ڳ̵ı˵ʮģ̫ˣ
ܼҲźȥѴϣȻʻ˺һζɢ
ܼҺʳǴ￴ũҷʡǿʵصģһ˼ܲĴ̼áũҷʡֳС߲, ˸ҳ
ǹܼί˵ˣ, 𣿡
סԼǿ׵ĲͷãϧûţţǺöȿ, Ҳϡ
˵ţգǺܺõȼϡ
ûչ˺Ǻ档
ܼƵд˾ʶ˵ϧȻֻͷţкܶţͷˡ
̣еЧɣ
ﶼţ֡
ȻţͷܵصչˡǵıѾǵˣǵָĵط֡
ţͷǴľû
ɳζܿɢˣϾȣϵ˵Ժ紵һ죬ûζˣֻǸտʼѷڳе
͵ūǶܲˣһβҪѾҪϴ衣
ҲãԼʱѷճˡ
ΪһԽߣôܲأǶûУˢõľ̿мϱȽ֦ûзÿϴ趼Լûϴɾ
֪֬ͼ
òľҼˮõ
֬ͣûС
Ұ֪Ϊʲôһһ⾫ʵִܶ˻Ǯ⣬ڳ̾ҪһֻһǷ֡
ҲԣǶֲ֬ͲС
ǳ̾ܵĹܼңûɱԺкܶĶ
ܼ˼˺ܳʱ䣺򣿡
Ҳ֬
һֱΪȫ⡣
ʵжֻ򣿡
ܼңʮֻ
̾˿
ʮֻ
򡭡
ޣ
̼վʼë𣿡
ܼû׳ΪʲôȻػصʼˡ
ڴʱڻëëϸޣЩϸ޾ޣůάԱëãĳë߸ȣ·Ҳ
ϧǣֻʮֻֻֻĸ
ʥԺҲ̫ˣ̺ܲ˵رԹֻĸͻСˡ
Ȼ̲֪ôֱĸͣôˣĸụ̂ˮҲûˣôѾֵ׳ĸˡ
ȻͿСҲ
Ҫ˼꣬ͿԳΪ󻧡
ÿë˵꣡
ܼˣͬ飺ʥԺһֱˣǿȥũ򡣡
ȻʥԺϸܿŶЩũǺӵġ
ǻΪʥԺʱ͵͵֣Ǵͬһţһ̵ֻĸĸţ̣Щ̾ǵĲƸ
ʥԺһֻ۱ֻۡ
ϾЩũȻΪǹģܲЩũòôɣ
ʥԺԸ߼ǮȻҲ͵öũЩСֽŹ
ĸļ۸ܸߡܼ˵ǹ屶
̾˿û취Ǯǵó
ÿһ˰ɡÿѾ˳ˡ
ԴӿȥһѾƣ˺üǮԺڳٲȻһˡ
ȴᱧԹԼֱ̫Ҹˣ
ȻΪܼ鲻̴ܽˣѾڴ֡
ǻ
ôҪ񽻸֤Ǳ˷ŷϵ
ζʵ̫ˡ
ˡһ̵ؿϣѲʵ˵˿֪ܶҵ֡
ѾǳǱˣɨҳĻᶼûˡ
ǰʧ⣬û̫ѹΪڴ˵ϡ
ż˳й䣬ǿԶԶһ۵ġϾڳǱҲֻܿһۡ
ԺҲû
ֻǲڳǱ﹤ûйˣֻڼ⵽Ϻúøɻ
ĵ˿磬ֻС󣬲СУ˰ʱֻҪС
ƽҲôɵģֹ˰СԼԵĻǿ硣
ϾСջ٣ջĶ࣬ҿζܲ˵ѿֺˣ¾Ͳȱʳˡ
ϰοģҵѣԸĻſԸһȥΪ˰¡
һʵĿ𣿡
ϵͷԣ˵ѡ˸һȥ
˵ϣãһῴĺõġ
ѹ˵صȥǸͷᣬһܳ
׶ֹһҹﵽȥԡ
ִɵЩȻŲ·ײǳԵúܶ࣬˶ٵ׶ۿɼٶ
ԲԲģȻеɰ
Ѿʧȥ˾ǳʡ
ϾҪݣŹɡ
ס˼º׶κ˽ûˣ˵ǳˣ߹ţԲֻҲԲһ߹òľ顣
׶Ͳ빤𣿡׶
׶˵롣
̾˿ôԣһ㶼飬ôȥһӡ
׶գգֲۣ𣿡
̣ðɣֲ̫ã߲·ͻᴭ˯ԼѣҪǣŮͲϲˡ
׶ҲֵʱҲϲҡ
̣Ϊʲô
Ȼ׶ʱȱǺܻ˵ġ
׶ǾҲǿ׳
ΪƯҰµʱòûҪ󣬵ǶҪġ
͵ҪҲ鸹˿鸹Ҳֻƽˮ׼ŮҲһ
׶Լؿڣϲشġ
̣
Ůǣ治һ
ٳֻ̾ϲϲؼ
һˣؼ̫˵ôأȻ·׹źܡ
һؼǺܺÿŻ
׶һ£ϲôġ
üͷ壬۾Ŵ󣺡ǵĿζǡ
׶̫ϸˣûŮ飬ҸоɶˣҲû˳ЦСˣҷͲҪҪдأҪͺˣҾҿҸŮԵ¡
̣Ҳԡ
ʱֿʼԼûдɾ塣
Ȼÿ춼ƯС㳰ЦСҲ̫ѹˡ
ԼؼǲŮԵͷЦСһ塣
ѡĸƺͦҵġ
ˡ
˹صؼô
Ȼһֱ˹˯һ𣬿ɻûϸ۲Ͼ˶Ǵ·˯ġ
ȿ˹ػˣҪúù۲һ£˳һ


34 
ٴδ˳ˣҲеܸͷ˴򽻵˲, Ϊ뿪, ̻רŸС
עⰲȫҲ֪ôϣǾóÿγ˵һ׻, ΣղҪӲƴ, ܾܡ
ϼͨ죬Ͱ͵˵󡢴, һᡢҵģ
Ŀϵļ򣺡Ե, Լ
ϼӯݣ۾һգ, 
һ˶Ľؿſϣвټʵ۾ˡ
ΪҶ֣ӦѾ⵽ȺŹ
ʵ̫ˡ
̾ԼҪһЩߵ˲ţֿӣܰѰ׵˵ɺڵĵ˲š
֪֪Щ˱Ƚϻ飿ʹܼңǱȽϴ˵ܰ£
ܼһȦ, ҡͷ˵ˣ, ҵˡ
̣
û˼˵Լ
뵽ܼô˻ô

̾˿ܼ֪Ϳ, Ҫ˵
ôݵ˵Ҳ᲻˼ġ
ûб΢һ㣬Ǳ˴һģ̻˸˵
¹ܼѡˣӻ
ΪؾĴӣڹúܲΪɻ棬ԳΪС鳤ֵ¹Žʮˣÿ춼ҪЩ˸ɻڵĴѾ̥ǣǰǸؾˡ
ӣСŵߣ˽ȥ
仰ūͣĶֱ㶵ؿŴӡ
Ҳһѵʲô
Ǵѷ´ӣ侲صͷ˵Ҹȥ
ūǵȴӸ뿪Ժһ߸ɻһСۣҴӸʲô
Ҳ֪Ϊӷ˴
Ǵûз
˭֪أ
ԸҲһ棬һٴҲֵõġ
ǰĽӡ
ظ߽ǱĴţ˿ĭһ·ͺ˼һ·
ǵվڴʱһƬհףʲô벻ˡ
Ͼ˾һǽ֮Ĵ
λ߹ģŵĴˣڵȥ
ӵȻҪĳܷΧˣĶǾ޴
ڽȥ֮󣬲ųԴ˵˽ȥ
γѣáõġ
ͬͬŵ˽ȥ
߽ڣһ۾ͿϵĴˡ
˴һƸӵĳۣڷۣƤ׵Ĳ˼飬°ͣţʲôҪ˵Ҫ㹻пˣĸԸĳĽ¡
ԼûӦʱ򣬾Ѿȥͷڵϡ
ɡ̲̫ϲ˹
ָо֣Խ֮ǰҲֻмͰݷʱŹһ
ں͹𻹺ãҪˣ¶ԷƹҵĹҲҪöԷ
վ
ڴǿ׳ǣƤǳ̡̱
ֻΧһƤȹȻдʹ͸·ô
ԸԼõƤȹҪ˽е̫ȥԼ·ϡ
ӵļܽʵȫӻһûгСؾ
̷ֲǰ˻ǵؾǵıģͨСӡ
еС֢٪֢
վڳǰ̧ͷֱӳ̵
˫Ⱥֶڲ֪Ϊ»Ϊ̫
ܼ˵Ǹܴˡ̺Ȼڡ
ӶøˣҸĿҪˡ
˿
̣кܶҪȥһֱûкʵѡ
æ̧ͷʲô˲ˣն˵ˣʲôΪȥҿΪȥ
̱һʲôͲˡ
ҪڳﵱˣĶȥȱĶ
ҲǿǹģÿҪʱȥȻʲǸˣʲǸụ̄żλ򲼾Ͷˣô˵ʲҲǸˣûԼֵΡ
ҳһʲôϢҲܾ촫
סˣˣ
̵ͷŴӣʵӣ𣿡
ʱû˻˵ԼС
͵ϣûӲͷƤҲϡ
ҿԡӼᶨ˵Ϊ˰κ£
̵ЦݣҾ֪ԣҽ˰ʱֱʥԺʥԺͨԺҵϻǳȥ㶼ˡ
ΪԼϵԺܸˡ
Ǵʱȴûκθо
ӵȨˣƬߣɻ˵ʱҲϢٲȥɻ
ʥԺ֤񣬲ûж
̣ū䵱ӣȥ˳ԺҪԼȥУȥǴ򽻵֪˭
Щѣȷ𣿡
ǶģǱˣ˵Ĺ·ʱ򣬻øصͷͷȵصĹ嶫࣬Ҫ뱾˵Ⱥ壬Ǽǳѵ¡
Ȼ̱û΢֪򵥡
Ѿͷתˣճյ˵һġ
¸һУԼ꣬һɴ˵С
ڴϿʧ
عԷúøɣ˵һΪˣ
Ѿ˵ˡ
֪˽˵ʲôֻǵԼսľؽȥԺس
صͬһСūǰΧ˶˵ʲôˣ
Ƿ˴ԴҪͷ𣿡
ֻãҲ뷸ܱԳͷĴ󡣡
ͱˣҪǷ˴ͷҲǹµĻ߹ܼҡ
ӣû˵ʲôȥɻɣ
Ȼû˵ܣʶΪ²֪
˵趼֪
˸һ·Ȼǹ壬˻ǴıȽϡǮģǮ֤ǵ·ɫǴˣ֡
Щɫǻƣǲԭɫ
ܼҾó̶Դ̫ˣܲζ˵ֻһūҪ̫ģ
̣Ҿôͦõģ㲻˵ܴ𣿡
ܼңֻ˵ĴҪôһ㡣
̾ùܼҵЩԡ
̧ͷֹܼͷҲ컹š
̣
û뵽ܼҶ˻ôǿĺʤġ
ֻܰοû취ȻûܸɣôңȥҵΣգ˵ˣҲ벻ôĹܼңûߣҸʲôġ
ܼҵҲˣͷҲ̧ˣֻһͦصؽȻ˾ԣǾȥɣ
Ҳôӻ
û뵽ԼԽһأȻҪܼô̫ү
үүûôء


35 
һҹ֮ͳˡȻֻϵˣ˶֪˵ټ, Ϊһū, ӿƽƽ棬ūûʲô, ūÿҲţͷʵ, 簫ɣ˴˵ۡ
ūڴҵܱ˿еĹؼ, ˵һ˶Լ
ӵҲΪӱ, Ҳֱ̫ȥʴӣȫʹˡ
ӴСͺܹأǫ, Сʱܸɻˡ
һˣǴչ˵ҡ
ڴһ¸ҴŬĺúӡ
ǲʲô£
һ˸ǲһ¡
һĻΪʲô˾Ϳ˴أ
߶߶˺ܾãһЩëƤС£һЩūֻ֪ҫԼĶӣ˵ĶǷϻû, һֲôģÿܾЩϸô˿˴, Ƿ׷Ч¡
û죬Ͼͳ˲١ɽկӡ
ΪֻΧƤȹΧıūҪ, ūҲѧŴӵΧƤ
·ǶҪѧ
ӷˣô뿪ǱҲˡ
ѵ𣿡̾оѵʱ˶һ
ȻūĲҲһˡ
֪һĹܼҡߡһ޴ū
ʼʱ򣬳̻ΪܼǻˣǴͳֻվѹһΪŰˣǸܼദʱ䳤ˣ̷ֹܼǸˡ
һѧϰôһܼңҪˣ˽ƷͲƲûԼ־ҳϵȥ
ȻΪСܵĽôū
ȥŰūֻҪūȻ˵Ĳôǻūżġءֻ۱ֻۡ
ūˮƽʱ򣬹ܼҲ˵䣬̡
Ѿϰ߹ܼҵˣŰҰͷ
ȻǾͷʳĸоͷĿڸвһҲˮ֣ʱҲûζʲôӵͷĺóԡ
ҰһЩ쳣Ұˣм鿨磬ˮҲԺпŽζҲ滹һ㶹ͺΣԼһеϣˬڣͷԼֱһ
Ұͷ⣬ԱߵСﻹмѬ⡣
ЩѬ¹ģнǳ̵ڣ㣬ԽԽ㡣
ǳôãԵõһ͡
غͿԵͷҲ̧ʱǵͷԼĹ첻һһϵŨǾúܺóԣɶζһԵĽζ
Ǻų̾úúȵҰ͵ͷͬãܷǳ
ûѳԵĶ
ˣóԣͷĿ佱
ʱĿɲԽǰûôϸ¶ȿƣԿÿһ鶼ͬ󲿷ֶܸɣûһˮ֣ȻнĸзãðȺͣ˵ûģˮֵͷóԵġ
̵ͷ˵ǡ
˵Ͷǻۣתͷ˵ĸ׵Ķͣ
ʹͷǰλʴȿĸס
ӴԺͷʹ˳̷ϵʳ
Ҳʹ˷֣ԭС⿷
û֮ǰֻʲôŽչһϴ
ǸݳƷµĹŴѾ칤գҲǼҼһġ
ڣڳ̵ָ£ѧͳԼ塣
ʱΨһһĻĴˡ
ȾõĹ˷֣ÿ춼ܵõ˵ڳʳʱҲԼʳԽԽóˡԺŮŮҲԼˡ
˵ϮģҴŮС
֪ʱͦԾġ
ܼҸ̽ͣΪŮ˸ҵܸ嵱ŮͣôǾֻܼˡ
Ƕӣǳȫģ˻ĶӳܵǱ﹤Ϊһˡ
Ҫã˵ܸļ̳˵͡
ôȥҲҵȥ߸ϴһ·
ŮȻȵŮ͸棬Ҳࡣ
ڳɱطˮأ
˳ʣĶǳ˽ǳͷͷ䣬Լøࡣ
ǺĻɫ롣
ֻǰڻûн飬ʵСʱ軹ڵĳʱһ룬Ҫ޸ͻǹܼңȻܼҲѵѡ
ϧǣ֮ǰʱ򣬹ܼҾѾǸͷˡôֱûб
˵͸ǸԸͼͥԣƽŮ˽顣
Եõļױ
ڴ˵ǿϣϿ̫Сˣϲߴˣһܸɻӡ
ǣǴ˵Ļ
˲ûͷߡ
ҲǿԵġ
Ըһ
ȣ﹤ֿͷˡ
˳ŸƮȥζſˮͷá
һͷԺ󣬳ǿ԰״ÿͷֵġ
ȣҽȥժҰˡ
ȣɹɵĢûл

ΧŰȣǹһ㣬ֻһõͷ
һصͷƿӣһСľȥ죬ȷԺСӰͷг
˵пӡ
Ȼѧ˵㣬ѧԺúܺá
ԶͲŪֶˣ㡣
ֻһѧˣ˶ÿ̫ѣ˵жˣץϣһ͵ˡ
еУȰ״ҲСͷ˳Ͼͷʱ䲻ջǺܺá
ȺܹƽİСɵͷõгɲСС飬Ȼָˡ
õͷ࣬Ⱥһнϸܵķ״ҧȥ
Ŷе㣬ǾȻʲôûӵĴͷﳢһ˿ζ
Ȼзһ²ˣѿһ㣬ȥƤȻѿ⵷飬࣬һκϣɿڣ
ֻǱȽϷϲ
̵ҲΪȵĴԽԽˣʼڴÿԷʱ䡣
ϲûддҷϵˣڰȷϷųĵã಻٣ζҲܺãݳ޸ܵСˡ
ֵĸص׶Գ̵ָֻ˵⡣
׶ôȥˣ̶Թܼ˵Ȼӻûѡһǵˣ׶ȥɣҵﲻ׳棡
ܼһɻʣˣʲô׳棿
̣棡ǹԷɻˡ
ܼҺͬǵģֳˡ
ܼҺ׶̵̳ԭ׶úÿϣܳ׶ɫҪħƻ󣬽׶㲻ÿ˳Ծ˯һö˶˵ľ飬ӲԼԳ˷
׶Χۿɼĺչܼҵ׶ʱ׶ﻹһȡ
ԭ˵ĻܼȥһĶļȣ
׶תͷϻͣɵ㶵ǵ˵Դġ
ܼһӿŭϵжˣֻҲڴ˵ģ֪ߵغ˽թľ飡ɻˣ͵˵ĶӦñڽ̣
׶
ԭԼȵô
ܼͷǣӦܵͷ
׶ѼȲص󣺡ʲôͷ
ܼءߡһȥϣ
׶ԣ˰ҹȥ⣬ûа߶
ֱ˴ǰ
׶
ôݶ͹ܼңȻַĥūԼ
㿴ʲôڴϵĵؾݺݵص׶һۣ
ϵūҲǴؿ׶
׶ؽӹ˲ӡ
֪ͲԼˡ
ˣǸܸӳȥܼػ״ˣʲôɲá
Ȼ̾ʹӹܼ֪׶ʲôң͵͵ҰԼһĵĳԣԲԽԽ֡
ܼңȥˡ
ܼҺ˵ԺҲˡ
̣ӦòǶо鶼׶㿴˹ؾͺֶܲ࣬ÿҪ˳ȥ£ܰĺܺá
ܼҵˣ˵˹Ǹħ塣
ų̺޲ӣѾߵĻû˵ڡ
ŵô죿˵˱ŵʧķ衣
˹غ̾˿ڳ֪˹ʲôʱܻеˡ
ܼ°
ϣ˹ԶҪٻˡ
ȻܼܲԸ
˹ػһˣҲֹһ˻źƺƵһȺˡ
һְݣǵߵһʱȴܷĽŲ
ǻŲľ䣬֪ŵʲô
ֻǴԿܿľĻƣЩľ䲻ͨõģֻйʹá
ǵģ˹һ·ʹһ·ֻ塣
Ȼ̤ƬûãѾǸˡ
ֻԼûи̵ĸ
ħСЩ
ΪʲôҪǷЩ壬Щߣ
ֲֲܳܺȡ
԰ôأҿ֮ǰǸҳˡ
ˮʡ
˹ƥҲģѸٵ˿˹ص֮£ʵʵ˴ߣÿ쵨սľظ·ԼǾԼȫˣڿ˹뿪ſ˵ϡ
ħǸǵһľۼȥ
ȻΪؾţͷ˰˵ؾȺ
ħǺֱܴΪֻҪԨ֮ϣ·ǻ塣
壬ӵʳ
ϾԨµʱ򣬳ԵĶͬ壬óͬΪǻʲôԡ
ūǶ˿˹ء
˹ػϢҲܿ챻˳̡
˺ö˻һų̲̫Ϥ
ȾԼù˽еĺȡ̣˹ػϢĻᣬ˷ܵվڳǰоԼϾҪˡ
̵ûעͣŲܿ뿪˳Ǳ
վڳǱſڣ̿ſ˹ˡ
˹ô
ȥһ׾ˡ
ǰѧʱиͻͬѧоһ׾ߣȻ⣬ѧУܻӭ
߸߰ҪģλͬѧȻߣãȥ߸ˡ
ûûҲûΣиɵš
Ҳʱ̷֣ŮϲĲǳøߵ
ǡø߻ÿ
Ҫĺã˵һ׾ţ׶ÿ
û˿ǸͬѧȳʱŮȳȻʱֻһˡ
ɼ֮ĶҪվ
˹ؾرõһ֣ûжԱȲ˾ܸߡ
Ȼڣ˹سʱ򣬳̺ȻеһѹȸС
һײеʳҰޣԷһơ
һҲҶ
Ϊʲôڱײ֮ǰ֪Ǵ͵صųײȥˡ
ѾӦˡ
֪ôֱӵ
˹̻ûѿ˹صֽгͱ˹ץס֡
˹վڳǰôߣס˳ܼȫ⡣
˹̵֡
촽ӡڳ̵ֱϡ
ů
һˡ˹̧ͷЦ⣬΢Ц˵ҵĴˡ
֪Ϊʲô̵˲ͨ죬æԼ֣תͷȥ˹صյòУ֪һ̵ÿԼ弦ˡ
ͻˡֱû±ʲô񡣡С졣
˹Цʣ˵ʲô
ʶ˵ûʲô
ѽ˵飬Լ˶Źˣ
Ұ˴ˡ˹˵ԭֻʮ˻ܹǲҪǮģҾʹһ
̣Ϊʲôٴ
ٴܴһٵˡ
˹һʵؿų̡
̣ûʲôҹȥ
˹غȻһֻ첲ס˳̵ȥ·
գգ۾ſ˹صôˣ
˹Ц᣺Ǳȥˡ
̣Ϊʲô
˹̾ǳ̫ŵ㡣
Ϊʲôǣһ֣û£ʲôĳûҼһĳŲסҡ
Ⱥˡ
˺ūæóһ·
Ҳóֱ˿˹شȺˡ
̣
ȷʵһĳ
ϼҡ
ô˶Ůģǿ϶Ů˦ӡ
ι״˶ƵĵطѾĸиɫˡ
˿ĭץס˹ص°ڣǸıӡ𣿡
ǸСˣãƤҲֲܴڣôԶܿǾ޴ëףµıӣıӴĿţ滹ӣһӻŻɫŧ
˹أġ
̾㵵ؿſ˹أǴҵǵģ
˹˵ܾΪ̫ûԸȥūɣ
ȴȫûȥ˹صĽ͡
ֻǶԿ˹˴Ĵָ
ҵһ׵
һҵô࡭
̾˹أǸ˲ţ
лҪ˵˹أǺǡ
֪˹ħԺĳ̣ܾΪ㳤Ưħôɡ
ħǣûðǳ󰡡


36 
ôι״ˣп˹صǿ, , Ǿô೤ɫ˻ġ
һҲǿ׳ʮ, ƻһʱô
ôôӻʿ˹ء
ԶЩϵĻ, ˣҲ֪ЩӵԴ
˹һ˵Ϲǻ·ϼ񵽵, ǹڳеʱǿ, ǿûӶߣͱǼˡ
û뵽ϻȺ, ôû
Ҳûط룬ϾһȺˣȥٴʿӵĹ壬ǿ϶ǲܵġ
򿪿ɡ̺ܺװĶЩʲô
һʮӣͦ
˹ߵȺУ˵Ӵ򿪡
Ѹٵشӣ֮죬һİͶû, ܶʿܶûһָһȫ˼ķ, гĿࡣ
Ϊ·Ͽ˹̫԰ȫշˣ
Щ棬ѵ˹֮ô˵, ˹ȷʵ˧ܸɣܷĳ衣
ĳҲߺ·ˣܵϣôһ˹ؾ͸ˣϾҲûŮ˽Ӵ
Ӵ򿪵ͬʱΧūǶط˳
ÿӶ˲ƥнһﻹƤֽ
ҵһӷۡ
Щһ𣬲˵ɵйôҲԳƵǸɵˡ
ĸ屻ˣ˿ĭ
ģڸǣϾӵôණһǴ壬д˾Բ٣ܴǿôô˵
˹˵ܱٵһʱˡ
̾Ϣǿ浹ùǻʱвǿټǲΣհɣ
˹ҡͷ˵ûУġ
ʵԶ򣬾СǿˣǿŲϡ
֮ǰһǿ٣ҲȻҲг̵ء
ڴﶫʱħҲڴ̡
Ƿֲģ׼ȷ˵ֻȭͷ
ǿ̵ʱһƲĿˡ
ͺǸйֵ
ħǲ֪ôָо
Ǹ˵ǵʱѪ͵ħҲȻùʼԼ
̣
ոտǸӵūڳۡ
һǿŧǰ
ūҲ࣬Ƿ׷װڳԼƣһ˫˫Ȼ۾ųףЩ׵ûٿóۡ
Ǹۼһգ۾ɳӡ
Ȼϰ߱Լʾˣô೤ҵԼʾãЩܲˣоԼ۾ܵ˴̼
ʿ˹أǡݳˣȷܸɻ𣿡
Ҫ׳һȺҪĿ˰
˹΢Цƺ뵽˳̻ǣ˵ȻȻôӣΪҰ𣿡
̣ôûע
ȥЩū
͸Էݵģֱۺϵļˡ
˵˹شȫǱɡ
̫࣬Ӳˣһûڵͷ۵̫࣬ô׵£»ûнһðˡ
ȥͿʼҪ֯ھ˴ʱҲֻŪ֯ҲŸո֡
뵽һ£ǵ׼Ҫ˰ˡ
˰ҲǮȥ֣ҲС󣬲ǰԸС
ǰӸǺú̧ǱȥĽԺȥ˰ٽ˰տԲ÷ϸˡ
ΪĬ룬ȻϲصضԿ˹˵ĶҪʲôߣ
˹أûʲôҪģЩ˵Ҫ
ǮĽҪ;ͺˡ
Ҫǳȥһ˿Լ񵽴һӶǮ˭Ҳûһͭң
ԸزūҲ뵱ɢͯӡ
ǰ̧ߣùµĴūȥϴͷ̲Ÿ˹߻سǱ
ûˣ̲ʿ˹أһ˳ȥûʲô£
ڳ֪ϢʷĽѵ쳵ûкôģҪʱһվʱǰ˵Ū
˹أûʲô£·ûˡ
̣һ˽أԴʲ뿪ԺҶ֪ʲô
˹˰죬ҳһʵ¡
֮ǰй崩ֵЬӡ˹أĸܸߡ
̣
ʱز߸Ь
˹ػ˵أӦò̫·봩𣿡
æҡͷ
֪˿ʲôʱģˣҲǾᴩģ
±ض˴˿࣬ͬۡ
˿ϻ˿óƤ
Ȼ˿಻ŮװŮװ£һξͻһٴΣǾܾġ
˵ǰŷߣۺɫǴԵģɫŮԡ
Ϊۺɫʺɫı֣˵ΪûȾɫȼϣֻȾۺɫɫѪɫսŵĴ
ɫ
ֻǺ׷ԻԱƽȣŮǷ׷״ϷۺɫķΣҲԳɫ
ٵŮԭ򱻵ˣٴθɫ˱ǩ
̾ԼͲһˣϲɫ
Խ֮ǰ˶ǻɫģ·ϣϹ۵ֻ̣
һҪѡһɫĻѡɫ
ұƣҪϹۣһҪ̳лλ֡
ǳ̻Ǻܸشȹӡ˵ոȹӻյģҪǷһ
ǻʵ̫ˣ
һȺմȹӣ뱻紵
۾
ȹӵǿ˹ء
Ǹ棬ùȻʲôÿ
ūǶ䵽סΪ̫࣬Ҳܼûһ˱ԹԨµʱÿ˯ҲһСĽ䣬һҪʯΧţȷûܴӺ͵ϮԼŻᰲġ
ߺǲŻ࿴ŶԷĹͷ
󡣡
˵ҳ󣿡
ǰ㿴ңÿ
ô󻹺ÿ㿴ҵŽкÿһͣ
ʲôÿģ͸Ūġ
ϧܰҵĽ¶ҵĽǲÿġ
¶ûãżʱá
ŶǵżҲҪˡ
٣ҿͲСֿɰҿĵһۣҵĽǡ
ҪһҵĽǾ͸ˡ
ĽʲôÿģҵĽǲźÿִּ֣
վſڣ׼ȥǲҪµĿ˹أ
ǣѵǵĽҵĺڣҴ֣ҵĸʺż


37 
ħżģ, ֻûż, Ϊһļż
ħżÿ괺ʱʱħͻ궯, ׷Ϊż, Ҳܳһ, ֻһ
ż, ˹ضżĶеġ
׼ȷ˵ż, 񱻱֧ĸо
ԴѪҺ궯Уħûж԰µҳϿԵģżʱһ𣬵ż˾ͷֿºӣŮħں·ʱͻ
ΪħԽԽ١
˹ûǴҪʮ꣬Ͳħ塣
ħһһ
ôⰡ, ûһֿܵǵ
Ȼڣ˳, Ҳûеڶħˡ
кܶ˸֪ǰħжôǿһվܼһ, ӵʿ顣
ħŮħĺӣ̳ħħԽԽ٣ħҲ˳ʷ̨
ֻڴ˵¼
ڻ紺˹Ѿʼòˡ
ΪƬ½ԭǲᱻ
㲻һ˯ˣüͷΪʲô
ȻѾˣɺ䣬̫Ҳů͡
˹ڳ̵ߣ֪Ķҵһ䴿ɫӣϣĵƤѩǲѪɫְףԴ΢ƫܴϿص̬
Ѿˡ˹˵Ըӡ
̺ߺ󣬲̫⣬ֵԼ˹أÿ˹زˣ˵ǲ˯಻ã
ҼǵҲĥҲЩί
˹أ⡣
գգۣʲô⣿
˹ԭֱ˵Ǹپ飬һ澫顣
׶ɱˣ̳ɡ
ɲΪħԶҲõȵ벻Ժٸ̡߳
˹غȻʶܸо˹غĶŪࡣ
˹˵㲻˯һ鷳ѵûʱ򣿡
붮
ֲЦ㡣Ŀ˹صļ򣬡ˣҶ
˹Цеؿ
̴ӿ˹ص۾￴ļ̵ʣĲһ˯𣿡
˹˵Ժԡ
̿˹ôҲɿڣ֪ûˣҲǿֻ˵Ǻðɡ
Ϊ˹ؾܾ˳ͬ󣬳̾ԼûҪС
ѿ˹صõѣ˹ȴ˯һ˯
ԼΪ˹Ժ󽻵ĵһƽѣҲÿڳ˹˷ǳз
ǳ̾ɥ̫ԣܼҶˡ
ˣΪʲô·𣿡ܼʵ
̾˿ûʲô
ԭ˵ԵԼ̫ˡ
ǳʹܼң˹شЩ𣿡
ܼҲϲ⣺ˣЩǽʮ˰ˣ
вأȫǺòҲ·ˡ
˵ܼҾһʹ⿡˫ĴˣȻֻ׻ϴĹΣΪȾϣԻܳϴһϴһξ͹ˡ
ϴһξͻһɫŪùܼҺʹ
ȻڳǱﴩ·ǰɫõɫΪһôֻ׿Լ˵·أ
һѾɫˣϸ˵ֻʣס
ʵͦϲɫģȾĻ̵·̫ͣǿܼʹı飬Ҳ˵ʲô
ȾɫҪȥȾ𣿡ʵ
ܼҵͷȾ·ҲջأֻгȾ
Ⱦ϶ǴֲȡģûйɫҩԷǳ׵ɫ²ˮʱ䳤ҲĺܳԳ˲ϴ·⣬ÿһʱ䶼Ҫ·ȥɫ
ǳ鷳
Ϊ鷳ĲǳԼû
ܼ˵ҪףðѾ·͹ȥɫ
̺Ȼ˵Ҳһװɡ
ֹܼҷȥ·ͳڳǱ㴩һܼʲôʱҪԼġƷ̷ֹܼڶѾĥһˡ
ܼЩʣˣҡ
ֻûܼҾС
޵ǽһ滨ꡱ
æο·Ǻ£ʲô
ܼɤӣʵ̫ˣ
û취һܼһڿޣֻܳĬŵȶԷ꣬Խ˵ܼҿ޵Խס
˶ڵعѾҵ˸Լһǵˣһǵؾһ壬ѵõ˵ˡ
⣬׶͵͵˳̼ΣʾԼԺһúøɻ͵ó̲Ҫٽʺˡ
˽⵽׶úŬԺ˵ٹͲٸˡ
󡭡׶з϶Ѿˡ
ȷʵٸˡ
ֻǡ⣬˶øˡ
׶鸴ӣоԼҲҳ̶һ
׶֣ȺūһףޱȣܻԡȻǴԵķʽȫûУһſڵϣҲݴڣ·ʱһԾҧĲӡ
ʥ鰡ôײеˣͨ˵ҧܹҧҰ¹Ĳ
ҰСǵİ취͸ˣȥŤҰĲӡ
ǾȻ⣡
׶ûйʱ򣬷Щ˺ƤԺֱͷԣԵýζһ߳һ߾Χһκη紵ݶǾͻֹͣʳʱ׼
Һ÷һеڱץס֮ǰδ˽׶
׶ֻǴԺҲҸκһūӽˡ
ڳô֣ЩëѪҰ˴⡣
ڶԷǰֵԼޡ
Щ˾ȻӲ˴򽻵Ǹ֮Ҳ˵
һ׶͵һ˶һ˵㳤󡣡
һ˻ؾҵ۾󡣡
ȻʼƵǸ˾Ȼ˵ȻûͬŮˣʱպһ°ɡ
һˣðɣ˵ãҪһ
㳤ôĻͦȴ˵ɣ
ǣһ˺ĺҧĹͷٰƤǽϣÿ͡
ƨһȲȣ
׶˸¡
˾ǵԼΪʲôҪ
ѵǲ
Ϊ˭棬ȻôײеĴܣƾͲöˣΪһѾˡ
׶Щ
⵽˾޴ĳ
ԭżôпᡣ
ǾãϣҪ忴뱻˺Ҳ뱻ȡ
󰮵ˣҲӵġ
ҪؼҪ
̫ˣ


38 
ůת۾ߵĩβ, ֻʣһβ, ôҲץס
ԼΪϾҪˣ, ڿֻ·˹ǴĶ, ǽѾȫ, ˴ȥʥԺ
˰ҪʥԺ, ʥԺ᲻һݸңǾû֪ˡ
̲, Ҫģֻһˮ֮ķ
ȻʥԺһʱ䣬ҲΪ󲿷ʥԺˣʵʥ飬Ϊ棬һһµȻ˵ûнʾ֣֭Ҳš
ô, ҲᵥǸز
֮£˾͵һͿ
ٳ˹ܼ, ǱˣΪʥԺǸʥĵطʥ˼ߵĴ, ЩͨˣʥԺ˼ΪʥԺʹʥ顣
˹ܼҾԵøڲͬ
ܼ˵˶ʥ顣
ûа취ıԼĴģֻܰϣ翵ʥϣڴ±ܹͶ̥塣
еţеĲš
Ȼ϶Ҫֵöʥηݣ˽ôģ˾Ͳ֪ˡ
˵ֳҪ½µ½̡
ܼҵĻֲɱйŴϵֻйңΪйǾıģʼʱ񻰹񣬰ͳĻƵۣԼµŮ洵ԭҲС
ȨΪ˹ȨǾෲ˳Ĺ¡
ʵۣҲӾôġ
ͳ߸Ȩϣһһ޶˼
д˵ЩһĹ¾ǿӴѧ׫ġʵѾɿˣǲǣƵõзԽԽȥһˡ
йûһϸϵͬвͬݱ䣬ķҲֻǱȽţƤͬˡ
ֱ۵ӾŮ洣Ů񣬺ֱ壬ٺ壬ݱöˣ˭Ҳ֪һ˵ͳ
Աйͳν׼һʼͰѻȨȨһ𣬲ȨҲ
ҲǸϵʥԺ׷ߣҲûʲôԡ
˰ǹܼҴȥģȥʱһ󳵣ںõĽ⣬һЩС󣬲СֻȥոĲ࣬ʱ˸ճʥԺбʾģùܼҴһľʥ
Ϊʥ鲻壬ԵȻû已̥е壬Ҳʶ
Զ򣬽һŰ͹ƽ
ҪˣֻҪй֣˭
ɴ˿ɼʥԺжţÿô࣬ӶԸú
̿ǿ򣬾Ȼֻһſӿݣ˻ʥԺ򣬵ýС󻻻ģǳ˰˳Ǳ۵ĵطһܿɢŽǮζ
㲻ÿˣǿͦÿ𣿡ʿ˹ء
˹ʵ޷ǿֻ˵Ȼôϲŵķȥ
æ֣ˣҿɲÿۿô⡣
˵ԺͿſ˹أÿ˹е㲻ԾÿʱγԼǰ⣬ʱ˹ض֪ȥ
ҳ⣬˹ص·ҲԽԽˣüγ̶ųಲ
ǰֱ޷ģϾ˹ڳ̵ӳһֱǸǳעˡ
ǲ岻ίʿ˹ء
˹΢ЦҡͷûУôˣ
Ҳ˵ԼĺףֻǾе㲻ԣҲ˵ﲻԡ
֪Ϊʲô̾Ǿÿ˹صʱˡ
ƺɧˡ
ɧ˵ʱʲô֣˵°
˵ǡ˹رøˡ
ƺʱ޿̶ͷԼĺɶɣǴಲʱڼΪֱСֱж
˹صļǳƯƯóֱ̾Ǵӻ߳ĵ
ÿһ綼Ǽĵ̴ʦϸģ⾫ʵţȴխ׼ĵͣȴ˾ôç
Ȼڡ񡱵˹صʱҲ˹ء̹ס塣
ಲȴſӣõӷˡ
˹ǸŮͺˡ
̾Ϣ϶Ҫ׷˹أ
̾ʲô˹ߵһߡ
Ҳû˼ѿڶҪǸŮˣ϶ҲǸŮ˵һҪ׷أ
˹صıһȻ΢΢ͷĿ⽻㡣
ˣͲ𣿡
̺Ȼ˽ְͣѴսĿ˹ƿҿǸֱСңţӣ˭̳ҵأ
ԽôһΣҲصˣ
ԺźӣŮܶԺ˵µĽɽ
˵ǷģģΪһûصִˣҲ㹻˽ˡ
ʱĽũ廧ڵͬѧǼеصġ
ʱڷ۾ѾܸˣʱţʵڲоһⷿסΨһֲš
згˣҲҪˣ԰ճˡ
ޣеŮĶУŮҲܼ̳λһ˼

ãһ٣е˺ˡ
һ磬ʿ˹أӵĻӻ˭
˹û뵽ѾôԶˣϵЦˣûĸʱͿЩ¡
̣ÿ춼ûʲô¸ɣֻܳһδˡ
µ˼£Լúû˼ÿ춫룬еزûʲôֻɲҪ˼룿
˹غȻٴ˵ľ룬ϥǷڳŵϣͿų̵Ĵȡ
ȻôУΪʲôԼҵأ
˹ʵǿ̫ˣܸܵ˹ϵȶȡ
̻˼һ£ܸʲô
Ҳ֡˹ܵͣħૣΪʲôȥ𸽽ǿأܲǮӵиˣܱԼİȫ
⵹Ǹ̴һ˼·
û뵽ôɣ
վ˵ĶԣԱͬʱҲӦܱߵв
ǡ
̾˿ûкʵĴѡ
غͿ֪ʲôԻ˶ӣÿ͸˪һήҲǴӣ̶ĸ߳Ͳˡ
ʱ˹غȻ˵Ҵӣô
̵ǲĿ˹صֵָйص£ֵҪġ
Ҫָ
̣𣿡
˹΢Цſ
û취ֿ˹΢Цĳ̾˿Ǹһȥˣ뷨𣿡
˹أȻС
ȻĩħǶôȥǿƺǸѡ
ڵ֪Ҫǳȥɱǿʱħһһֵײкö
Ҳõµ̶֪Ĳ٣ͼֽԺȻĲ㾡ƾҲԲǹꪣеĶС
ǴҪ죬Ū͹ǡ⣬̾ûǴ졣
ǵģЩūڶˡ
ҳгµĽơ
أֵܷأһڲ⡣
άƥҲ˸·Ҳɳ¡
ħһѳѵõģûһ𣬵˳ź⣬Ϊĥϸ濪ø
һܻһѪڡ
˷ܵؿС
ħ˵ûʲôһѷõˡ
Ǹá
ϼҵʱɼЩ
żҲ˵֪Ժܶ˵Լԭڵĵطϼҡ
ǿûҶ뷨ȻѾԨˣǳԴҩǾԲȥ˭ȥ˭ԲС
ڷĵڶϣ컹ûд˹ؾʹˡ
ɰѰغͿĲС
ˣ˹СֻǴ˴Ұѣ۾ˣȥܱȿ˹ĸãǿǶô棬ôٵһ°
Ҳһʣ񰬲˵ôԣֻС˵Ժַǿǿ¡
Ȼ˹һ˴һͷҰɲǾͻԿ˹ط
ڳ̶߶Ҳֻε˵αֵĲã´ξͻвУβȥҲΪ㣬ԼԻ˶ӣܹ˭
صĶʱ
ҡҪȥһˡ
̾˿ڰ֣ȥɡ
ãҲ֪ԼسԴʲôϾһԶùҲһù
ˣ˹رϾ塣ȷΧûԺСԳ˵ԼıֻۣҪ壬һΪǣ
û뵽Ҳзı˵
̾Ϣ֪ҲȥҼסˣ´ο϶Ǵ˳ȥͲҪ˵ôЩˣӰŽᡣ
֪Ž˼ֻǲ̫ףŽʲô
ҪģҪôūҪôƽ񣬾йʿ
壬ƽĻᶼ֮٣ֺõĹ壬ǱΪƽ񣬵΢΢ԺԲơ
һ棬ʮƽ񣬾Ѿܶˡ
ǿ˫۾һɻؿų̡
ҲͲԿЩϲ׼˵̵Щȫûе˵Ҳ˵ͨ̽䣬ֿǸԻģԲ˵ˡ
ǼȻûɣʹȥ԰ɣ
ʱࡣ
̣Ǳߵ̫һͱˣ
˵Ц⣬æƱ˷ģһõһֻҰ
һصͷãȥɡ
ߺ󣬳̲˿徲ˡ
ʱĿ˹УħڲգֲצĺڰԨԶҲŵζ
ֻҪκη紵ݶӲǵĶͱӡ
˿˹⣬ħ嶼Ѿڹ·ѵԼƤȹ޽ε£ǵˡҰˡװôõ壬ܲˡ
ԶĽŲʱħ嶼¶˷Ѫı顣
ѹ壬ڲݴѸǰȴܲһ
ħǰǰѳֿ죬¶żЩֵĻ
˹棬ŲͬԼҵĺ԰ͥ
ͬǰһȺëѪҰˣȴһ࣬ŵĹӡ

ȶǸܽˣʼΪܿ˺ܶΣա
ƽ񣬵ܿͱƶ񣬸ĸǶģڳȥʳ·ϣȻֻʣһˡ
ҲӵǮʳһȥȥɭժҰ˵ʱǿţȻ󱻶ԷץסȻĪҲǿŵһԱ
ʼ٣Ҳɱˣÿ춼ҪǿŹ
ɱˣҲڲٱŹ
ٺͳΪɱһˣ
ͳ졣
ڱȶúܺãܳԱӣһԺ󣬻˯Ůˣپɱһôѵ£Ҳöͨƽжô̡
ɱ˶ˣԼɱˣڴԣЩ˶
ʱ롣
ٶһ㣬ǿŵٷһЩǲǿռ
ǲǿԵõõĶ
ȢŮˣºܶຢӣ
죬ǲһС䣬ɱǸˣŮˣ뿪ʱŮҲɱˣֻС޴ϣЩС޹õˡ
ԼСӸСѧɱˣ˾Ͳˡ
ƽúá
˴ֵǮܳԵĶڻؾסص·ϣȶϡӹֻһƥҲֻ
СڻǵԼĸĸųޣǱǿΧм䣬һ˵ӣͻ⵽һٶ
ǰ컹˯ڼ˯ĸ׵Ļĸ˵ճһܺãү˰ü˳ԳƤԼٱ
ǸĸĻû˵꣬Щǿ߿˼ľţǵŰɱǵĸףǵĸס
ССĺǼѵţڵСܶ
˵ˡ
ȶضԼ˵ٹ죬ǾȥҸӣǿɱȴʳǮȴĶ࣬ŮˣҲȴĺÿ
·еܵЩŮǲôҪһŮ˻ͺˣ
һԱЦ˵Ҳԣ˵Щй壬ƤŮ˻أұŮ˾ס
˵ǰ£Щδ͸ôŮ˳ȫɱˡ
»ؼסˡ
еߵʱ򣬲֪˭ȻһһѪζȻ
ֻǻûǷӦȶոͱӲݴڳ˵˵ϡ
ȶŵ۾
Էһֵκ
Ȼֻ۾ÿһֻ۾ұ̹⣬Էܴ󣬰ڵϣá
һ˲䣬ȶĴһƬհףѾ벻Ҫֿˡ
ڶԷһ̴󺰣ʳҲвƥͽӣŹңЩȫģҲˣҸ㵱£ɱңˣɱң
кܶˣҲ˵һĻ
㣬ɱңҵĺӻС
ǼֻһˣɱңһҪչ˸ĸ
ʱš
ѵ˻жô
ڣԷҲĳš
ʧȥʶǰֻܿԷŵ죬沼ϸܵļܿԷɺͷŵԷɢĳζ
Ȼ󡪡
ûȻˡ


39 
ûáħ˿Ѫĭм˵, ǿûá
ǳ֮ǰһֱڳ̵װ, ˲ɱǸܳ, ʵţͷˣҲֻӶ, ò׳һˣЩǿĲǿ, ô
һħζسŴǿ˺һ, ԵһѪţԨϵ˿ûá
һۣЩСô죿
ǲɱ̵ģҲ, ǵıܡ
ħԲ̣ȴȺ̣Ҳ˵Ǻûǻ
¿϶֪Լš
뿪Ԩ֮ǰ֪ôƺԼʱдˣʱֱӽԺ󣬲ūǵӰ, ֪Ǳµġ
Ǿѧµĳƺ
˹ҲЩ, ЩȻǱȴûбݳƤ, ֪Ǳǿץסʱ䲢㳤
ҲΪһ㣬־廹ûȫѹǡ
Ϊ˰ʵܳ³һδεıŹŰĥ־ڳޣΪ˻ȥıܣѡԵǳޣȻôܻȥأ
£ЩСô죿
˹أȥ
ǿЩСӲûԭģȻͻСܳΪͶͣҲܸЩôѵĻˡ
СҲطιԵľܻȥ
ħǷ˳ΪǸոձֵ̫ײУֻҪһЩСӾͻУǿƤޱȵǣҲô̶
һʮСޣȫʮµͣһСׯܻжã˻ǴͷޣԴСϸϸ֦֧һʯͷ֦ʱ۶ϡ
ǻҪҪ߰ЩСӣ
鷳Ҫá
˵ϻˣһǱòҪ
Ǽͼ˵˺ó⣬˵ǰЩСŪȥҲܳ⡣
˵ĸ鷳Ϊ˳Կ⻹ðҲ
ħߴߴ˰죬СǾֽֿ˰졣
ʵħǿ̫ˣ
Щˡˡӹˡ
ոջι״Ҫôֻ۾ҪôͷĹڱޱȵġˡ
ûбιȥΪСӵĳȴǿ
ֱ˹ߵЩӵǰǲֹͣ˿֡
ԭ˹ؾù˷֣һڳªħĳ£ֱɢʥ⡣
ɵؿſ˹ء
Ȼ֪˵ǵӴѾƵĿ˹أץס˹صĿȣȫ˹صĿϲ䡣
˹˲˺֮ͯѡ
עţ˹΢Ц˵£Ѿˡ
Ǹ޵ö
ħһ±ƣĶйҲȥ˺ͷ
ǰûʶԼǺǿеĹ
ǾԼˣﲻմߡ
ֻп˹ϸ˵ǲǹֻûм塣
Ȼú壬ɵӣһҡͷȻſ˹ص˵ǡ
˹˵һ壬Ƕӻǣǲ˵лл𣿡
仰ǵǶúе
Ƕ߶£ضħ˵лл
ħǣ
ⱲӶû뵽ܴӱлл֡
ھûǸħ壬ħﲢǿܹڣȫһεı£ÿħɱͻסһȵһһʳͻȥԱ˵ʣ
ȻΣգǺúõĻڣ뿪Ԩ
žûսģħǰѴӵ񽻸
Ҳҷԡֻأκħðһٶ
ڵԭβôÿҲôÿεһſŤû۾м䣬ûӶ룬ϻдССĿӡ
ʼǸĸĹǸרСĹ
ҲӣõǰѺͻ
ֻһ˴
ħ˵ʲôҲҪǿ
ϣκúñ֣ܹñ¼סء
ûмˡ
ںڱ߱߷ʱһСкȻ˵ҡҪ꣡
תͷܲ˵Ͳܱ߱𣡡
Скŵɪɪҡֻꡣ
ڱӵ˵ûãɡ
Скʱ򣬺ڵĶ䶯˶Ȼĸˮóֵ
˵ﻥĦ
΢΢壬ıܣǽơ
򲻹ͻѡܡ
Ҳ˺ڵı仯ǻò࣬ȴӵרںӵֱ
Σڿ
ǲҲˣһ𣬶ںڵ
Ȼںܿ£Ǳδ֪ĵˣΨһܱǵˣڸǰȫС
Ҳһǿ֮ǰһﲻܱȣǿ٣Ҳ
ϾǳˣһһźȺӡ
Ⱥ˿ɲѺӴȥţµǿ
ֻȺӵʳ
ЩȻ˺ܾãС·ϣֻ˾ʱɱԷһֲ
ãײˡ
ʲôڱԹһ
ħֻսթֶΣʵԼ
ħ壬Ҫ˺ԷĺҧöԷͷ
ǿĽģǲͯĺӣӸĸĿһЩǿרץЩСӻȥԡ
ΪСӱȴ˺ץҲȴ˵ۡ
ǲҪܣҪȻͻᱻǿץߣ
ǿȻһֻһˣôǿ׳֡
ЩС£ǾͲɱ㣡
ʮǿվǣǺģǿǷǿ׳˵ѹԵơ
ڵߣϲӲӲûˡ
Ǳ½Լ񣬺ֻҧ촽ĵ˵ҲߣҵðЩСްȫȥ
ǿȻҲһ˿
Ȼ˵ⲻóԣȻߣҲֻǿԵˡ
仰һǿǾͷ׷˹ȥ
ŵǧٹ֣ʯͷľв֪Ķ񵽵ĽС
תͷһۣСǶ߶µؼһ
˵Ҵ򲻹Ǿܡ
ûʲôӢ壬Ϊܣܼ񵽼ûץޣȥҲܽ
СѾŵ˵ˣЩӡ
ŵֻڵϷ
תͷԼ˹ǿ
ԭΡ
һȫɫֻͷĹ
ϳӣɫӼÿ
ǰһֻͨĽǣ沼״İɫơ
Сڰ˸ߣҲݣһڷݣһ㣬ĳ˿ǻ
ܵһǿǿ˺ڵı
һ

й
ˡ
˹ȥ
һ˵ļϣһţҧ˶Էͷ
ھһȺÿһΣͻʧȥԼԴȾµء
һ߹һ롪ԭôС
տʼΪԼأ
Ͼ֮ǰǻǿǶֻøһǿ̫ˣ֡
ԭԨСԼԨϾȻôǿ
ɱһˣ鷳룬ȺСӿ϶Ҫˣ˵ܣ鷳
Ȼ߻ȥСǻԭĵطһ۾
ﻹĶ
Ҫˡ
ͷ۵롪ɲó庢ӣǸӵʱû˺أ
Ȼûһڿޡ
ǿˣӻﱣǣ
Ȼ峤ú֣Ҳˡ
壬ոնСкŵ˵
壬лл㡣
壬ոտף
ۣСצıȻ
壬ʲô尡Ϊʲôܱ𣿡
ر
ڡڱˣ
Ⱳͷһα䣬ǰǱħ峰Ǹ
ߺ˵Сô߰ɣ
壬ܱظոյ𣿡
ڿȥܾȴСǶ۾ؿԼ
С˵Ǿֻܿ
Сͷ
ڱԭΣԭεĺںܲڣԭαħ˵ǳСˣȺһֱǱײ㣬ÿԭε˶ᳰЦ
뿪ԨΣ˵ġ
СǳЦǣ
ͺ
ö
Ⱥô֣ܸߣ
ڱʴӣҺԭΣǺɫģȻһÿҪˡ
ǿˣڲűΡ
ڵС˳˺ܶࡣ
ܹԭεˣԽԽã
ֲñ²ǰЩСӶܱҲϲô˿ɣ
˿佱ĸоá
ȥ·ϣھСǵĿ佱жȹˡ
ȥԣСǳ⣬ԼйͷЩӣԼǺڡ
ȻǺɫġ
Ǿͽ壬ժ͸ͷϡ
ܾ֮󣬺ڳΪʮС޵ļҳÿΪôǼӲͶա
Ϊһ̰֡
Աڣ˹ǵջԸ
ظǿ࣬ԽԽԶԭ˹صĿľͲǿڴĩɱƽڵ궯
˹Ҳѵõչ¶ԼԭΡ
Ϊħκԭ̬òԼ仯ġ
ԭθҲ¡
˹ײչ¶ֻʱĿԼ˺ϾҪǰ˹زŻûй˼ɡ
˹صԭαħӴ󣬸׶ǺɫƬĺ⡣
ÿһƬƬȼ⵶Ҫ
һ˹رԭΣħ嶼޿ɱĹȥ
صʱǲջƱʳջһûɱ˵ǿ
˵ǿǿǣЩ˶Ϊȥ˲֣ܽΪͲؽ˰ˣܻá
˹Ⱥʱ򣬻ûħǱԭΣſڵϱʾ
ǱҲֵǮʵڲл˵뷨˹ؾͰЩҲˡ
ԼǷԼᱻɱЩ˾ͻҲħǳó󡪡óʲôϵֻҪܳԱС
ǾʮֻԾħǴˡ
ʼħǶǲôôСˣ򶼲Ͷˣʮûй˵
ƶᣬڴħʯĳ
ȥ·ϾȻħⰮõһԡ
ħûͷģżΪڻܡ
Ҳǻۣûһȥӽ˹ء
˹ϡǴٵĵһǿǿ˹صˡ
ƥʶʱ񣬲ûΪԼ˸˶Ա෴ɼˡ
ÿһֻ䵽Ұ⣬ȴûбɱ˳ǻۡ
£ǰ𣿡Сʡ
ȻЩƣɳΪʵ̫ûʾãʮֲƽ⡣
ҶôƾʲôǼþʾã
ⲻƽ
˹ѾйĲˣޱ˵ȥ
æ£һñ»ǰı£ֻ˵֣ŵ˵ˡ
ӵ°µħȫټȥˡĵĲ࣬˰£ʲôҪ£
֮һγǿЧǺܲġ
ջķᡣ
ǱߵȽյ˵һˡ
ڣԼʮСޣǺڱģΪû죬ԳԻ˶ӡ
ūҲԺ˸Ĺۡ
ôϲСӦòǻˡ
ǳó˵㡣
ʲôϵóôࡣ
̵ȻܰЩСȥչǣܲͷĺëԼҲ׽ڡ
ǺھͳΪȺӵļ໤ˡ
Ϊֻһ໤ˣԷɸҲˣϺ󣬺ܿܰѻ꣬ʱǴˡ
ԭúȥѧգѧϰộ߸ؾѧϰôҲܿԼͶӣСͶ߲ʳĸ
ڰѽ̺ǼܵĻҲˡ
̺Ǵԡ
кŮȫһȥ
ԼļɽǣұϺǵİȫ
ĵ֮󣬷ûʲô£Ҳͷȥˡ
ֻǳ̻ǽ˺ڡ
˹ôûлȻûЩġ
˹ȻܸҰԸǿɸԸҰһǿǻ˼ģ
ڳǰɲұֵĸūͺǰһǰᣬοˡ
ҡԷʱֻ˵ĸо౻һֻոסˡ
˵Ӧúܿ͡ͻˡ
õġ
ֱ˹ص֣Ҳҽб£ֻܿ˵λأµġ
̵ǵ˵ȥɣ֪ˡ
£뿪ʱ̲ס
ֲñ¶ôã˵˳Ϊǵ
Ⱥߺ󣬳̲ضԹܼ˵˵˹ǲǳʲôˣߵЩ˿رݣһͺ֪ҾͲȥˡ
ܼƽų̵
ֳ̾˿ÿ˹ش˳ȥǸ⣺ôÿҪ˼ɫô죿
֪Щ˰öأ˶Źģ
ܼҳĬţĬĬ롪
ôҲ֪Щ˶Źô䵣Ŀ˹أൣĵԼɣ
лҪ˵̣Ϊʲôҳô٣˵õĵһأԼд˭֣
ң㲻ҪôԵħէռƪôˣ
̣Ǹ
ң
̣͵طҵϷݣ̣ᣡ飡
ңðɣҴˡ


40 
ɴģȴûԤеѸ, ·, ˳յһһλȥμӾۻ, ˵÷ǳʤ
ǻýƱʢƣ˷, ֻ֣Ҫܡ
Ҫʳʳ, Ҫ, Ҫˡ
ȻҲԴ¡
Ȼ˵úת, ʫ裬̻Ǵп˾Ƴֵࡣ
ԺȷʵȥԷݵᣬֱá
˵ˣϾҪˣȥôˣûŮѣҲû, Ҳߣû˹
Ļ, Ҫˣ
ȥú档ܼҲ̣෴һϻο, пеˣҲԴ
̻Ϣ˿˹أ൱ƽʱ򣺡벻ȥҴһȥɣ
Դӿ˹ش١ԣܱߵǿԺ󣬾Ͳô׽ˡ
ȻٶۣҲܸоϣ޲Ϳ˹صĹϵ
Ͼ˹Ψһѣʧȥѣߵ˶ûˡ
ɲ뵱Ĺ¼ҹˡ
˹ڲݵϣ⣬һϥڵϣһ֧ǣԼΪ˹أ̻֮·ʱֻһĵ¡
һͻ¶ظ
С˹ߣôˣԺûô˵
˹ժƬҶӣԺָմɫ֭Һ
ûʲô˹صʹȥʮĿ̫ˣҪʱϢ
̲ţôɵҲ˵ǣ
̻ûԼĶǿ˹ˣ˼Σûܴӿ˹ԭʳʵþˣҲЩͷҵ㣬Ҫ˵ԭҵĴһǸʲôᣬҲ£ʲô²ġ
˵˵ţ̻Щģѿ˹صѣк¶ŶԷԷֻҪһ㲻ԣ͵Լǲ˵ˣʲô˺˿˹ء
ǿ˹ƺӲô
С㲻ܰҶĺõȻ
˹̧ͷʱľǳίڻǸ꣬ӲʣڱڣȴûйѼɤ߶أԴɳơ
ÿ˵ʱ򣬿˹ضһëɦࡣ
ֵֻĶôԣ̶Ȼûҡ
˹̾˿ðɣǸĲԡ
ոջίĳ˹صǸ־Լǲ˵̫ˡ
㵽Ϊʲôģ˹ߣ֪ĴĽɫ
˹أûʲô
һŵĿ
ǿ˹ֻ˵һõˣҵŵ
ˡǡ
ʼûӦֻΪǿ˹ؿаԾʣ˭ĻȥʱģǲǺƯ
˹Ŀ⸴ӵؿ
ź֪ķ֣˹˵ǡ
еˡ
û뵽˹ҲⰮõȺ塣
̣û鰡
˵ˣŮ˶û׷
ǶڣҪ׷Ůӣһ״Խ֮ǰṩ֪ʶ
׷֪ʶûС
̣˰ɣ
ûԼ룬Ҫǿ˹ض˼ͱԵˣܸѣ˯ôã˹ҲûжֶŹ
ǳ̴Լ޵Уһ
ֻҪһʼûȤˣ;öԷԶȤ
˹ͷ
̣㿴˭Ҳ²£
ﳤûеȫһ飬óһۡ
׶ɣƶ
Ϊأ˿˹⣬̾ÿľ׶ˡ
Ȼ׶ڳ˲٣ֵǵ˵ġ
˹أ
룺Ҳ׶
ȻԵĶ࣬˻ǺʵģҲܼ򵥡
ΪܲôΪ˻ǿԵģõ죬Ҳõʲô޷ܵ¡
ϸ׶ĺôʵò
ٶҲ벻ˡ
˹ؾͿ˰취óһ׶ͦĽۣ̲ס˳̵ķӡ
Ҷ׶ûʲô˼˹ί˵ҿеһλÿ
һãԼµˣǲʡ
⻰ôʣ
㿴ˣ
˼
Ҫǿ˹˵ǣǶΰ˵ͷ
ǳ̺ܻǵת˻⣺εȥȥ˵ҿԴͬһȥ
˹ûƴǣӦá
ȻҪȥμᣬͱ׼ҪĶ绪ʵҶߵ죬ҶߵĿȣԼҪճëĽ㣬Һʱû˿ߣȻ̹ζ·ȥ
⣬׼˼ҵ
ŵĳȥѡʣ²Ѿơ
Ǻݳ޵ĶȥҲ˾ᡣ
ԷûΪذý仰;ٰĹ塣
ڶԷλϿӾִʥԺáһ˼ʵʵϮ壬ӴĲƸƶ̵ܶĳǱ
ԷɢһɹϢƤֽƳɵġ
Գ˵ƤֽϧƷ־壬ԼǾǮȥġ
ڳǱƤֽ֮ǰġ
Ȼ˵ܱأֺ鷳Ǳ˰ӵҲõ𣬿Ƥֽ⻹ǹרˣëʵīˮȴܹ
ŴǶʶֵ˶Ƿëǡ
󲿷˶ä
һ뵽̾;õպ󣬾Ҫ֯ɨäˡ
ջ࿨磬˳ʳҲɺܶ࣬ɨäɻ
ɨäֻܼܽˡ
ʿһͲסӣҳ̺ܻǵĻˮƽ
ǳ̿ǣλʱĴʶƴҸоܺá
˹ҲʣϾǾ壬־ͺܺˣƴдĻҲָ
ڳ̵ƥˣһƥʱʥԺģƥǿ˹سȥԺģô˵ԳС˵ƥѾˡ
ƥսƷսƷʥԺǲջصģܰȫ
뿪ĵ죬С꣬겻󣬲ӰУ̺Ϳ˹سͰڳߣǵŽʱĽ
ΪԷһǲҪ˷гᱳȽϺá
ˣһ·СġܼĿһ硣
ϣ̽˵ģһƽģп˹أ
˹Ҳʱ˵ߣܰȫ
ܼұ죬ƫͷۿ˹ء
ϣ̺Ϳ˹شͬһռЩִ٣ǲ˼
Ϊ֮ǰ˹˵Ļÿ˹Ǹ˿Լ
һô룬һֲƷ
˹ϲôΪʲô˹ظദʱֵܱôȻ
ֱΪʲô˹˵ȥμӹᣬݺʲôʱ򣬿˹Ҳû
ԽԽԻ
÷˹صϲϲ
лҪ˵ң۵ķա
̣Ҫҿ·ҷ


41 
ǰϿص·;ңԶûĵ·, ֻв̤ġ·, ԼǲңԶ·ִֻҪһСʱ·, Ƕ˽ʱ䡣
ǰһ϶ڶƻŵ
ԷӵһС, ȳ̴öࡣ
ȻܶضǻĲݵأǳ̵Ҳһ󲿷, ˭Ҳ˭, ˵Է, ϾԷһСǣֻһ壬㲻ϡ
һ·ҡҡλΣʹ·֮˶ԷĳǱſڡ
ò˵Ǳȳ̵ĸǱǱ澹ȻлǺӡ
ǺӲӦΧųǽΪʲôǺֻΧųǱСʿ˹ء
˹ؽ͵Χ޳ǽڻǺӣҪ̫, ҲܷǮ
ֻڳǱڣֵʱ̶ȵıȫ
˵Էƽ, ջˣ׼ȥгǱӲͷأ
գգۣҶ֪˵Ǹ˵ˡ
̿ɲΪԼԽ;Լ
ģΪԽһξͱš
֪ݿԷ, ֪Է磬ҵ°ǾԲܵģȻлѧУʵʵ͸㷢¡
ǵڻǺӵһߣغ򣬳̴ݸˡ

ɳζóüͷ壬֪Լأص˻شС㣡
ҪߣҲŹȥźҾٰ˻ðЩ˵ĳס
ʿǻãǿԸųһ߽Ǳֻǲܸһμᡣ
غ˽ӴĵˣǶлСĹ񱣬ҶԴЩҲʮֲѾٴαǳ׼ѵõǣλĴ˲ûΪ
˵Ҫ뿪ʱֱ
ڶԷǰһ˲䣬ֻжԷƺΪޣԷһӣҴģƽĻۡ
Էߣɵʱȴ
ȳƣ˳ӵһͷɫͷֻ
پ£촽죬ȻһһǳɫĺҶ߿£¶һСţбһ㼡⣬֮ͳԵ֮
ȥǳᣬ峺۾ϣԶӵ۾Ⱦ
ֱݸں˶Լǩų溰ŷ
Ƕ˾Ϳʼķš
žǴģŵĶ˩ӣ£ȫźͷţҪʮһ
̺һϰǹɳζ֮ںƽ
ţȥˣҲǰϿӾ
ڹܼҵĽ£֪λӾǸǳдɫʵˡ
Ǹ˽ӣǸô˽ӣĸԺ󣬵ʮ꣬ûֻڳǱŹÿ쿿Եʣʣӡ
Ȼʮ꣬ʲôˣĸףλ÷ǳʣµˡӲӾԼӣҪ̳ˡ
ˣͰԼ˽ټһ
ǵģʱжʮ˽ӣƾһ֮˳ӵжˡΪЩӶˡ
ܶ˹ȻĺӶ࣬ȴ١
֮Լôӣƽķѡ̳ǲˣһǳĵӣǰôӶؽһ滹һֻҰ
˭ɱҰ˭ͻΪļ̳ˡ
ϣϿ˾Ǹ󣬲ɱҰˡ
ԼҲˣϿ˲һֱûн飬ܼ̳оλҲΪӾСԺȢĸס
͸ˣĸǸūӾƽ
ٰȥأΪĸŮȻٰȢʱꡣ
ȢûãϿʽΪ̳˺Ӿ˾͡šˡ
Ͽ˺ܿӵһλĺ衣
Ȼ󣬺˺ӣװȻš
ܼҶ˵һεʱ³һ䣺֪ǸӣǸýףǸý硣
̸ʱ˶ɵˡ
Ǳ׵ɱ裬Ȼ˯˺裬ԼĺӣԼŪװ֡
̫ˡ
ҰϿӾиܴڵİãǾٰۻᣬһҪٰһΣ˸ɫŮУãЩŮ˺ӣҲԸš
þͺܶˡ
Ҳ̿ˡ
ĺʱҲӿѡˡ
֮ǻҵһͿ
·ʱʱתͷ͵̷̣ԺҲܴ󷽵¶һ΢ЦԷܲˣͨصͷԴǰߡ
ܿ죬Ǿͼ˰ϿӾӾӴһ϶ʮֽСǿ׳ȴ֪ΪʲôԼ̵ʱ۾ﶼ˸Ź⡣
װĳ̣Ͽ˴ӹܼҵ֪˳̵ֻ֣֣ܷʮֵĲ׼Ϊ֪бԼҲûе
Ҫһӵ
ҪϵʱԱߵĿ˹첲ס˰Ͽ˵Ķ
ҲԷһ
ϿһŲôÿӹռ֮ϲȸߺͶԶãʵЩҲ̶á
˶󣬻ҪֵһֻСʵ˻Ƥ
Ӿˡĵ˺һ˿˹ص¶Դ˵Ӧǰˡ
ϿҲûзƺ˹صðЦ˵˰ɣһΪ㲻׼˺üأ
΢ЦţǸʵĺˡ
˿ҺûкȻڶԷĵϣ˳ͻͳ֮
˵֣ҴѾƹҲ΢Ц
Ͽˣʵ̫ˣƲأ
ɣװĳ̣ҴιһҵĳǱϿ˿ų̵ֱƵ⡣
˵һġ
̣
˹ջ֣аϿ˴·ι۱һȤ¡
Ͽ˵кܶ£Щ¶ΧǱ
游ģΪʲôġ
ֱһŮͣΪԼԻ˶ӣһӡ
࣬ʤö١
ھһ䷿ſڵʱ򣬰ϿͻȻգգ۾סĸףȥ𣿡
С˵һλǳòķˡ
һ䣺㣬λһ
ΪʲôҪѺúõĲι˵ôǹҤӣ
ѵ㻹׼ҽܸ𣿣


42 
Ǳܴ󣬵ԳƲݻ, ̵ĳǱһ, ʯͷģ˵ʲôȳ̳Ǳõ, ǾװƷˣȵǽϹľֽĻ, £Ѿȥɫ, ޡ
ϿǸĳ, ˵ʲôҲҪóȥĸס
⡭Ͳ˰ɣίؾܾĳ, Ӧøʽİݼ
Ͽ΢Цûʲôܺ˵Ҳϲˡ
ָľǵһμˡ
Ͽ˵ʱ򣬿Ҳû˹أƺѿ˹ȫˡ
ûˡ
˹صǴʼնֵĺܵȻ͵ڳ̵ǰ棬䵱һıɫ
̿ŰϿÿ͵ı飬ĬĬ룺ҵģ
Ͽǰš
֮, һζһȷ硣
ڰϿ˲֮, ̲һڵݡ
Ǹǳݻķ䣬ϻһƤë̺㲻ϴ, ȴ˽Ǯζϰݷǫ̃ǽӴģϣбһλϢŮˡ
ֻһ£ؿڴ󳨣ƺⴺй¶
һͷʺͷȻ䣬˳ĳС
ſڣ˫ɫ
ƲţҲ߹
ǳѰִ˸ͼյˣɵ롣
˹صͬ
˹ľ壬óմһζ
ζ
Ǽһ
ֲôʼϿ˶ֵĺһûбһߣѾɫˡ
ˡϿ˲жԷĸס
λû֣ɿ˵ŮūҲ˵ƽ֮ʲôֻаȥϰ
ΪտλҲˡ
̿͡
ʮ꣬ޡ
ȴڶʮ£ϵÿ죬Եñסĺãʮ꿴͸ʮࡣ
޳ȣһҲӡ
˶Կ˵λǳ̣ȥűʥԺ
վʵ̫ˣ̶ֱͨزͷȥڿ˹صı
վ߲ߣܻһ˾ð˾ýΡ
̿ſ˳æ΢΢Ƿá
Ȼȴûп۾ſ˹ء
֪Ϊʲô̾۾д˿־塣
ݿ־ԣڰϿ˶Сʵˣôˣ
˼룬˵λ˵仰
ָĿ˵Ȼǿ˹ء
Ͽȴûκɣֻ΢ЦһŮ;ƹ
Ȼˡ
ȴ˹أ˹زԸ⣬˵ʲôҲÿ˹سɫ
ȻҲ㲻˹λ˷ʲôϵ˭ռ˭ˡ
̾ǻӣ϶ƯһȰϿ˺ͿĺӺÿ
뵽̲֪ΪʲôЩֵֹġ
ҪһƯĸ˹һĺӽ塭
Ƶġ
ڳ̾ʱ򣬿˹ȴתͷͷ˵Ͽ˴ȥɣùҡ
˹صĻһͿ̱𾪣һʹؿ
ֱ̼ǰѡôôˣдϡ
˹زûסЦ
Ͽû̺Ϳ˹صü۹˾Ҳÿ˴ԼĺʲôáԼ˶úã˹ػˡ
ǰϿ̸ȥιۡ
̣ðɡ
ߵʱ򣬳̺ݺݵ˿˹һۡ
Ϊ˹ϲԼû뵽˹һڻѻˣ֮ǰ˹ػ˵ϲǸеأ
˵죬ƭ˵Ĺ仰˼ˡ
ҪϿϰο̣ľȻҲûо飬Ϊ˲㣬͸ô
ڻӿ˹ظո˵ĻûϿ˵ʲô
ϿΪǳᣬƤ˼˵һˣʲô˵ģ͵ʱ˿ɲ١
˵ҵˡ
Ͽ˳һˣǿǡ
ϿһԼ˼ʽͺ͹ܼңҪ
˿ʱͺ͹ܼҿɲʱһõͺ͹ܼҲӵиòˡ
ڰϿΪ˹ǳ̵ԺڱֳǸ⡣
Ӧò̫áϿЦ
ЩԹתƣĸף㻹ôˣ
ϿȻ˵˵ıԣ˶ϲòˣҲôˣô÷˷Ѱ˵Ȩأ
һ˲䣬̾ðϿ˵ĺеȻԶԡ
ϿЦɣҸˡ
ȻỹûʽʼѾòˣǶڴŻǰžƱòŮͺͷ̡
ԼΪ컹ûڣǱֵĻƣûжЩǶֶš
̳ڴʱĹȫͣ˶ֱ㶵ؿ
ѾϰĿˣԵԾЩ˵ȥ걻ʥԺģѾ˴ʱ䡣
ҽܵҽг̣Ҷʱ˯ʥҵ
˵˲٣ɳ˰Ͽ⣬ûһȥǶճյؿų̣һ˿ˮ˳°ͣʮֵĲ档
Ͽֵλô飿
Ȼһ˵ӭˣ̫ˡ
һȺǰޱĸ̴к
ᣬ㻹ûгɣ
лԼ𣿡
ɡ
Ҳλӡ
Ҵ˷ۣԸһƷ

̺ܿ챻˰ΧѾܴĳˣմʱһ޴룬ǵлȻʾԼҪڰϿߡ
ɲ뱻ռˡ
Щ峤öôһ顱
ǧЩ˴Ⱦˡ
Ͼīߺڡ
Ͽ˲ԣЦе˵ãҿԸ㽲¡
Ժ˸˾ơ
ǳ֮ǰȹζ֭ϻˮԴԺ󣬹ҲˣĴ˾žƱȻƨɾڳߵλˣôҲŲ
Ͽ˸̾Ҽܻӭˡ
̣
ȻӰϿ˵Ľ
ԼǵһĽĽ˰ɣ
̶֪˵ʲôˡ
һڹ干ͣոտʼʱڿ˿˹أ˹ǱһŮģŮһԲԲϲ˺ϼͷȥǳӡ
˹صǱֵĺƽ
·࣬ƽ͡
֪Ϊʲô̷һֱŵġ
˹ӣӦûи˷ʲô
Ȼ·һ塣
ʱѾʼˣæŻƵأû˹;ˣȻ˹عʱ㱻סˣǳɹĻص˳̵ߡ
СǸʲô
˹ڳ̵Ķ˵أ
̣
Ҫľ飡
˵ǿӾĸס
˹νֲ׵ġ
һǲˣǰôûԭ㻹Ǹӣ
˹Ŀ¶ɻ󣺡ӣ
ʹļףŵˣ
˹̲סЦΪҸʲô
̣˵ġ
ԣ˹غʲôû˵ֻǷһ䡰أڸЦҲ̫˰ɣ
̶Ƶƫͷ˹ˡ
ǰϿ˿˹ػˣʶʣദĻ𣿡
˹΢Цŵͷ˺ܺദ
Ͽ̾˿Ǻæûʱˣ÷˾죬ҺܸˣõıģһԴֵһԴġ
Ŀɿڴ
ΪƤزѾһТ˳ӿԸˡ
Т˳ӻ˵
ѵǹܼҴˣʵϿ˸Ǵĸ飿
ҲһϿΪĺԡ
˹Ц˵ͲˣҲҪ쿴ҡ
Ͽ񣺡Ҳԣ
ֵЩ֮ǰ˵ϲӾˣҺò״ӰӾǸ˻һǮǸߴ죬Ͱ˸ˡ
ôһǮϿ˺ܲ⣬ĲƲѾˮܶˣȥûʲô̳˵ĶˣȻܰˣҲܰԼĶӡ
ΪöӲһΪӵĿ棬ֻһӣҳ˾ۻᵱ죬ʱ򶼻Լߡ
Ͽٴ̾Ϣ𿲱ˣ̾Ӷࡣ
˹΢ЦŸơ
̿ſ˹ƵĶŶԷָôԼҲֻп˹ôƯ
ΪľۻǡһȺ˳ԳԺȺȣһʱ£ȻƯСС̣ʱӦģӦҹ¡
̳ȥ˸Ĺ򣬻һֱûۿȥ
ΪİϿˣҲ˵Ļ
Ѿʼԭʼ˶
ԳС˾޴˺
˵ӲƬѾֱܴˣЩ˾ͺпԣҰޡ
ڳһ𾪣֪ԼøʲôȥʱȻ§סļ
̻ͱԷ§Աߵϡ
ٰʱ򣬳ЩרˡҲ⣬ǲܿģΪǻҪɣ
ȡڶû˵̾ͷ§סǿ˹ء
˵ƺ
ĺ󱳵ǽϣ˹վǰֻڶԷؿϡ
˹صؼͣûгеӲҲǷ
ǡôͣܿɿ⣬һܺóԡ
һãķɢ˼֪ȥԺ˹ػܴܲҰˡ
˹ط˳̵һֻ첲§ų̵һֳֻǽϡ
ͷűȦĳ̣εʵʲô
ʵʵ˵ؼܲ
˹ظҪЦ
˵ˡ
˹أ
ɢ󣬳ֺȻ˵̫ˣ
Ϊֻһǽ֮ڻȺ巢ʵȾĶ䡣
ҪелãʵںУ˾öġ
Ӱˡ
ҲûԼͿ˹صںԹԵʣǸô£Ǹʲôˣ
˹صŴЦΪѹ¡
ûʲô˹˵ͬһطˡ
̾ȵ簡ôǾ壿
һҲ⡣
˹أֻǸҴһطͬ塣
գգۣһΪء
Ҳȷʵ⣬Ǹ弸ûн
˹𿲱˵ԭΣϵЦݸˣ˭뵽һ޽СĹˣԭξȻһߣϳӣµĺӣҲֻСħѡ
ħԭȫԨ֮¡
ħ屻Ԩ֮µʱ򣬻һСħ档
ԼαװԼ
翲ˣûȻӳΪӾˣϿ˶ӶǣȨ˾Ȼ
ֲôá¾ˣʱһˣǹŴģԼԸԷҹ
˹΢Ц˵˵ԺҪʲôڡ
̣Ȼ磬Ҳ̫ˣǲǿˣ
̾ùֵֹģ˵֡
ѵҪϿӾĺˣ̴˸
˹أΪʲô룿Ϊ󷽣
С˵ǰͱңҪǴ󷽵ֳŵ϶Ϊҿ϶Էˡ
׶԰ʱǸŮʦͻΪŮʦƯϲԷ
ָ鲻㡰ϡΪʱ̫С˵ſɿ㡣
Ҳѻ͸ͬŮͬѧ
˳̼ᶨΪǶԶԷкøУǾô󷽵ġ
ѧʱҲŮѣԷһٿǮҪǺܾأ
˹غȻѹɳƶֳԣڳ̵ĶʣѵҾܾκҪ𣿡
̵Ķ˲ͨ죬ں֪ķ֡ԼͿ˹صʮֲг
ֱùͷ
ƣԼˡ
㡢㡭̡㡱˰죬û㡱Ȼ
̲סͺˣ㵽ʲô˼ǲǿˣ
꣬߳ܵס
ˣʳˣҪǿ˹˵ǣǶΣҲ̫Ϊˡ
ɿ˹Ҫ˵ǣָôش
˵лл˵ʲô
ʶûпǡԲش
˹ش㵵ıһ˲ţΪһֱûз֣ţһԼĿһ¸ᶯ
ϣʲô˼˹ˮ
δ
ƺһʱҲӦڻˡ
⣬ĺˮ˲佫̰С
һһβϺ޲ðԼһ㶼ÿ˹ؿ
Ǻ죬Ĳޱ˵롣
ΨһѣҲˡ



43 
ʲô㡢վȥЩ, Ȼ֪Լ, Ȧڿ˹صĻ͸оԼˡ
˹Ӧһ׾ţϸĳҲĿⲻ, ˵Ӱ˼
˹εһ
ھúùЩˡ
˼˺ðΣװһʣʲôʱʼʲôҵģ
˹ر̵ӶЦˣһۼʱ򡣡
̣
һ, е
̾ÿ˹شԼ˵黰ˣκλ˵, 
Ǹ˷ǳûаȫеˡ
ϼѣ
ҵÿһ¡ͨ˵, ҡһû̸
û̸
̽Ͱ͵˵ҪǸ̸ǲһӶǴ
û˽, Ȼ֪ҪôǸʲô
ȻҲмˣһֱΪױ벻ȫ˽⣬Ҳû˸ա
ڷ﷢Ҳûϸ
ԭųĿ˹رⶺЦˡ
ѹʣ𣿡
˹صɳֳԣŨŨó̾쳣ԸС
ȲҪˣڿ˹, ѣ
Ϊʱ̫, Ͽ˳ϿͷҲɢҵ, ϻų죬ҲȫǺ·ϣ·ʱֱһࡣ
װĳ̡Ͽſ˫˹
ٴα˹ظסˡ
˵ϿʲôȽϴŵ㣬һƢã±˹صסҲֻһǵʣôˣ 
ܿ췴Ӧ˹
þĿ⿴ſ˹ء
֪ΪʲôƽʱЩǺܳٶ۵ĳ̣Ȼ˲˰Ͽʲô˿϶룬ſˣϻҪ˹صǺð
Ͽ˺ĽЩ顱Ϊ˲巢֣Ž˵ͷܳʽΪԺ󣬾һֱõϣص¶ɹܼҺͿ
ܺãΪ²ģΪֻҪú
̰˵ȥ¡
Ͽ˴ʧɫס컹һҪأ滹о顣
æ˵ˣҪˣҵÿ춼л֣ҵûȥš
Ͽ˲ԣйܼң㿴žͿˡ
ϾһеģǳǱߵزϿ˴⣬ֻǻ첻ܰѳǱĴ򿪶ѣԺֶӰ졣
֣Сϵ󣬱Ͼǲӵġ
йܼҺͿ˲ġ
ΪӦöԼһЩ鷳ǲԼȥܵģֻҪڳǱúܾͿˡ
ûװϿôģѸٽ˹״̬ض԰Ͽ˵һȥˣôһ¡
ɲûдȳˣֻ취ʧ
Ȼȳû٣ҲǿܳԣжͺϣҲɡ
ȳ浱Ȼܸʳȣʳӣȳ桭Ҳ֪ٻȳӡ
ܽһʧһ㣬ҲûиҪˡ
ҲСҪǿ磬糤ڵȳˡ
Ǹöøл˹أǿ˹أ֪пũܶˣζܲΪûʱ̫ӲӶ겻ȥҲˡ
ϿȰ˼䣬ֳ˵ǺðɣҪһ
̺ʲô
ϿĿųֿ̣ꡣ
̣
ջ
Ͽ˹ƺȵĲ٣κ˵ӭʱͣҪʲôҲдŸҡ
ϾһƬǴϿ˵ļҵ׻ǲأ
һӣȻֻвһˡ
Ϊ˹ذܱߵǿɾˣ԰ϿԼľӷãƾֻȥˣ֮ǰøʥԺύ롣
ӶẒ́ǳ鷳
ΪعϡԳºټϾСĲСӵһƬֺء
㲻öִһسôˡ
ֻھס͹Сһô
ڰİϿͻط󣬳̺Ϳ˹Ҳ˸ǰŵķ䡪һһó̰ࡣ
Ͼող˹صĸףҪʱ侲ҪǸ˹һ˯һ˯ž
򵥵ϴ󣬳ڴϣ֪
һ죬Լ˹˯ͬһŴϣԷ˵Լһ顣
ǡ
˯ˣȥʿ˹ûгԼ˯ռԼˡ
Ҳ֪Լվ˹ǰʱ򣬿϶ʲ仰ġ

˶ǰ
˹سôӦòôǳ
ԣ˹һǰꡣ
һ룬һ߷ա
ʵ˹̸Ҳǲԡ
Ͼ˹ÿˣҿ˹ֵܸߣͽɱҲܺãȻƨûԼ̣ǵĺζ
Ҳܾʵɾ
ͷǺɫģԱΪŮ⣬ǳ˵ķˣ
ҪһӴСͺܿ¡
ִҲͬôûж࿴Ƭѧϰһ£
ɼûȼ֮
Ҫǵܱš˵ʲôʱõѧϰȥĦͺˡ
һϵĺ˼룬ڶ𴲵ʱ򣬳̹ȻȦû˽̣Լѵشʮ鷳һţͿ˵ſڵĿ˹ء
̲ͬ˹˿ȣɷ
˲Ʊ߽֡
˹ص۾䶯ˣվǼֱڷ⣬һԴ׳򣬾ܵʹˣǰֻÿ˹ŵһξÿ˹ôˡ
Ϻá޾ɵк
˹ߵ̵ߣ˯ò𣿡
̵ףŪ˯žԼȻ˯ôá
˹΢Ц϶˯һ
Ҫҡһһҹӽʱ䡣
ǰһ̫ܣھήҵĳѾûоˣ¿˹ؾ͸ߣҲûκ졣
뿪ʱ򣬰Ͽ˸˶ˡ
ԳСԣǷǳӵΪ
ִһС˾ϰμҵڲĻ飬ͷĴһ˼
˶˯Ͽ˺ͳ̶վǰϿЩ˸УƾѾˣָѣһҪ
Ͽ˸еų߶
˵һ仰˵ֻǳĬվһߡ
ϸ۲죬ᷢʼնû̧ͷ̬Ƶϱ΢
ֻڳ̺Ϳ˹Ҫʱ򣬿˲С˵ߡ
֪ĻΪǸˡ
ѵذ˰ϿˣϳԺʿ˹أôое㣿
⣬ƺ𾴿˹ء
˹治ɫ˵ϹΪϼңǸɡ
̣ԭôԭʼ
ȭͷλ
֮ԸԳʶҵ󣬳̤˻ؼҵ·
ǵģѾԼس֮Ϊˡ
Ȼų죬Ѿʼˡ
밲Ĳˣǰڸ·ֻܳһۡ
Ͱﱻдĺܺã죬Ǹʿһģо⣬飬һͱ
Ϊȥǳ̣ûԹԣֻһ·¡
ˣأ
˵Ǳϰٸˡ
кܶྫ飡
Ͽ˴˿Ǯ
Ǯ
ĳһľ
֪ҲҪ˵ôԣĴҶûһ
ôһ룬̺Ȼ֣ԼǸӡ
ֻʥԺԼشʥԺǿ϶ܵģԺÿ챻÷࣬ǻֻܳһҰˡ
ȻΪǿǻֵҲԶԶƲܡ
ȷʵûʲôʶ˲࣬ϵõҲûС
˯ˣԭǿų˯ãһ͵˿˹ϡ
˹ɳ˯Լ
ϴ΢ЦڲԼ
һ˯ϣѾͣˣʿ·˯ǰȼŻѡ
ֻп˹ػšԼѡҹ
ĵطҹУҰ޵ģܺҰ˵бӺϻ
˯ԴеۣΪ˯ʱ̫ˡ
һۣͿ˹ĿתĶ
˫̵ˣ峺͸ó̺һϡ
춼ˡ˹˵Ե㶫𣿡
仰̵ĶӾͺܸӵ
С죺Ҳˡ
˼죬ȻûѾܸˣֲֲȻǰǸɵԺҲʣֲܴڡ
û뵽˹׼Ц˵һȣȥŪ⡣
·ϣ˹شһЩҰζ
ַظҰƤëٿƤϴɾ࣬ȻŵϿ
ʱȵΣҰǵ㲻֬ڻĸʳһСռ
̸ˣͣĭȻԼûˢ
ܸоֵֹġ
ҺóűȽ֦֦մ˵Ժ󣬳ˢ˸ֲܴڵ
ȻҲ³ߵ˿˹߶¡
Ϊ̫ˣʿһߴһˮûѡ
˹ؿʱ򣬳һ仰Ҳû˵Ա߰ĵż⿾á
ȿ˹ذѼ̾Ȳ졣
̣æѼÿ
˹غȻָ̧֣˳̵°͡
̵촽Ϊ̣ñƽʱҪ죬ʺΣʮˡ
˹صĴָָڳ̵촽Ħ
˹ʣ۲ۣ
̣ۡ
Ĵ̫࣬Ѿϰˣôˡ
˹ƫͷᴵ˴ȡ
Ŀ˹صľӲһֱ쵽ǣȻû·ȥ
ʵ̫ÿ˷
԰ɡ˹ѵ
Ż񣺡Ŷ
Ȼҧһڱ˹شĵط
⿾ǡô֭ԣȻҰѵõıȽϷʣͨҰô񣬳㣬ǳ̴ԺԵζĿˡ
ȻζֻΣҲѾˣ
ļ⣬֭ˮ㣬Ҫʲôг
̱ͶŶӣܿͳһֻ
ԭΪ֮ǰθ̫Сûֿ˹ĺա
˹ء̲ɾ죬գգ۾ŶԷ
˹Ҳų̡
˵Ŀӣﶼ顣
˹΢Цţ˵
ó̾ӦҲӦĺί
Ѿ׼ڶԷúߵʱסԷˡ
Ȼǻ۵Ľǣ̫
ȴܲ˼ʣ̸Ļҿ𣿡
ôãҪҪתеʦ
̰̽ҲУȾǲ̫⣬潹ˣ滹Ѫ˿̫ϣҧ
ȻȽ˺ܶ࣬زζܲ
ǿ⡣
˹أ
̻ԹԵ˵ұѣǸѿӦòְɣ
̾߼߼
Ѹѿ⣬쾭壡
̳˹¶һЦݡ
˹סˡ
̵۾΢䣬¶һõЦݡ
ͺ񡭡̫һ̣Щ΢ڴϣҫ쳣
˳
˵ûи̸ûи̸ʲôĲãĲԵĵطҪֱӸңǰ˵̸µľֹá
ΪֵǸԽԽ֣õǸÿһΣֻܣˮԽԽܻըһ졣
Ȼûо飬֪ʶ
ŵ˵ȻںܰҺܿͻ᳤ߣҲܳһߣҲŬ壬Ժ϶Ա㡣
̣ȻǸǡ
˹ذĵų˵ꡣ
տʼ˵ʱԭЦԽԽ档
ΪȻһ˵濼ǹġ
ŶҵȻ󣬵Ҳҵء̿ǵķǳԶϣƬϵҲܺúҿ϶Ҫ̳˵ģҪߣС
˹صɫڱˡ
ܳƵϡݡײСı顣
ֻǵͷ߶߶سûп˵ԼĻǸĺӣҪǿкŮԡ
ڿ˹Ҫ˵ʱ
һǳ˵Ҫĺѡһ𣿺̫ˣҿɲϿѺǹСȥҰ
̾˿ˣԺɣһأʮ֮ǰҵͿˣ
˹صı˲ָ͡
̿ſ˹أûʲô˵𣿡
˹Цö˼ˣ۾¹¾Ź⣬۾˴ҹժ˸ۿ
ĵ̾Ư
˹أҲǡ
̣Ӧÿҳ˧
˹أѵҲˣ
룺ڴĪһ֣ҾӲʵС˧磬һ׼ɹСɫأʵͭҲܺÿǰϲǾǹͭɫҪɹľһ㡣
ƺʲôȻЦϷʱ򣬿֨ǰɫģ
˹أ
Ȼ˵ʲô˼
ҲϷ
̿ܿ
ͺá


44 
س̵·ϣ̶ûô˹˵, һ˹ص, ˵û̸, ûѡ
֮ô̸أ
ǼϿ˸ദ˵ദȻ, ϵܺõѡ
̤Լ֮󣬲ҵ˸˹Ȼദĸо
ҵûȥúݸ衣̴˸Ƿ
˹Ҳ΢ЦʣҪһ𣿡
˵һûأʲô
˹Щãʲôû롣
ֲûһϴ, һһľͰ, ʲô
Դǵ˵ôҲõȵʮꡣ
˹زԣʮͳˡ
üͷ壺㻹˵ʲôû룿˹أû뵽Ũü۵ľȻˡ
˹Ϊ˲ó̼˵ȥ, ֻ˳ų̵Ļ˵ʮˣʮˣȫġ
ʵı졣
ȻѾˣһֻʮ꣬ոУţѧʱڲǴϷѧӴĻԵ
Сͥĸ, ȻرǮҲ, еĶУҲ١
֮мʱ䶼ʥԺ
ʥԺĻ, ˶ƣϳ̵⡰ûнӴκκڰ档
ڰҲڰĻǴԼҲӴ
Գ˵˶ʮͷ䲢
ܼڳ̽Ǳĵһʱӭγع˽ӽʱ䣬·ˣܼڳǱﵣĵĲУһ̣ڿƵ֮󣬾ͼİѳ̴ϵ¶һ顣
Ͱȥ׼ϴˮȻѯʳγȥǷ졣
ʵʵ˵ڹܼǰҲûѵıҪûôã·Ϻܶӣҧȫǰ
ܼҽü۵Ҫ´ȥ˵ʲôȥˡ
ĳҲһϢǾ⼸ܶ࣬Լǵ˱ķֳ㼸ٿһһ𣬲Ψһô棬ָߵףʱ׸á
ûôΡҲֻճʳãȥȻǲģ̫˷ˡ
ܲⸯñʣܴ֮ʱϵ˾ͶһݿҲܶԵġ
Ѭƺԡ
˺ð죬һİ취
ɰɡ̶Թܼ˵
ܼһԻɶû
֮ǰڳɶɺţɣֻڼ˵֪ɵ
Ҫ⣬ԹߵҪ󲢲ߡ
̾ͰѰȽ˿ʼָˡ
κϰһ£ȻϹ̫ãȻѹͷˣ˳·˺ԺȻŽﳴ̣̫ýˣʱŵϣȳ˾ͺˡ
ܷźܾãн㣬ǰʱҪɣϣһɣҸòС
Ϊ̲ϣԳϻ٣ҳһҲҪ̫ϡ
Ψһǰȵˡ
ʼʱϣܳá̽
ȼ˷ֿ־壬˷ΪһգԺ̲ҪˣҲܿӣ־ΪԼá
̰οģǣС
ڳ̵Ĺ£ȿʼ˴絽ɵļϰڼ򵽵㣬ҪôѬ㣬ҪôֱӳԽӡ
ūҲѵõĿʼ˶ٶֱǺƤʱȽϴֲڣֻһ̣õı̿סɤӡ
ֵ̺ʹܼңȻ궼Уôģ
ܼңǰ㣬ȥ̡
⣬ǰȻϲţ⣬Ȼ׵ãôҲֻҪǮ򵽣ǿɲô˵ԾʡǮ
˽ӽһܵʱ䣬֪˶ʧƷԺŪɣһŵϳƵǡôԽﲢζ֣ԽԽ㡣
ɵİȵõ˽һɶԼ
ǿӴɣ絽һͰ
ҹȾʹһľͰɻ˼ҡͰԼĸĸӹˣΪĹĸĸֻһСأڵϿͺٵһС
˰գȵĹǮ֧
һǹõˡ
ȻȥʱѾˣȼżĻˤӣȻ࣬ǲأһֻ־ܰľͰȵ·ϡ
ȣʱҪؼңԺ׷ĸȴк
ȿڴǰˣ
ȸùϵ˵ԺԷֵ˳ʣĺö
ȻӦԺ󣬾æϻ˼ңĸĸú磬ǵķӽһܲĵطûֵܽãĸֻһӣĸҲһ
ڼ޸ƽ֮󣬹ܼҾͰĸ׸ϳ˳ǱԼݳΪ˳
ߵ˰գȻһ֧ͨͥŵġ
ܵõΪ幤ĻᣬҲΪãܹġ
ĸҲøԼŮ
ЩǼҾͿȵǿ˰գճֻǿӡ
֮󣬰ȵĸ׸š
Ұġ
ȻԽԽܻӶͻ׼ҹ
ȻҹҰ˿һ಻ôǮĶǶ԰˵ŬĶ
ҰŪˣ˷ܵضԸĸ˵ڸĸǰԼĽ
ȻľͰŵϣһͰɣΪϣɳ΢ɫζ˱ǡ
ȵĸһãʲô
֪ôæΪҪ˵Ҫ²ˣûȾ˵
ȵĸ׶Ұ߳Ұˣм鿨磬ùȳԱҲ٣ĸԴʧȥĹ˾Ѹٵ˥Լɷʮꡣ
ȡĸ׵ͷݻƣһƣƤţ׶Ű壬ദ
Ůʱ˸ȫͬЦݡ
æȥĸӵҰˣ
ĸ˷ܵ˵𣿣
ֻԶԶˣȴûԷ˵λĴˣҶԷʴȺͿֵʴȿѹԷ
ĸ׵֣ԼϵľͰɺÿˣɢϵŵϲ࣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
˵ЩǸҵĽͨ죬ǰɵٺҲûκνʱˣͲ˼ȡδҪı䣬ǰ˶ʳζûҪ˵һֱ
µԸֻ֪ζʳһΪ˶ȾⱲҲûκһʱ̣ܱڸҸˡ
ůģǵġ
ȵĸ֣һɵ
нĸо̫ˣûеζ
ԽԽ㣬ĸܵı۾
ѾܾûܹʳˣԴΪ幤ÿնΪѾˣ˵ʳ
ܸȥȵ̫ˣĸǰ̷ʹ㣬ǹζѹȥ⣬ҲԸԣƽûͬǲȥץģū͸ˡ
벻´ƽץ
ƽ͵͵㣬ץסˣ³Ǻҵģû£͵͵Ҳ͵ԣ΢͵ԣժһĢҲñ˫֡
ڻܻȥʱû˻ա
ֻȥܼѵˣŻѡðű˫ɥΣգȥҳԵġ
ȵĸһ˳۽̫ʰˡ
˻ôС
ΪĸײᣬЦ˵ڿɱǰӺùˡ
ֻҪǾԶڵӡ
һɵٶȺޣϾûлȫòͣͳһһֱάСרſ𣬳ԼҲʱע⡣
ȻѾɵúܺˣ̻ǾٶЩϾܿҪˡ
ֳάֲ˼ˣܳһɺѬ㣬ͶҲܶһˡ
ڵ֪ȵĸǰҲǳ󣬳̾ðȰĸ״ȥ˳
ʽֻ⼸ææǶڹʡ
ȼҵŮ˶ʼԹҷˣĵаȵĸտز࣬һ˾㹻ˡ
ò׵ȳ˹غͳڲǰ͡
ʵпͰ˶ޱȲҺԾݡ
ڿ˹ؿѾ㹲ˡ
͵ʳͷѬɺҰͿ࣬ѬɱڷСЩζƷζ
ΪʱԵöܺãԿͰҲǰ̻ʣϸϸ׽Ʒζų̵ʱ䳤ˣҲˣǰгԵľУϷŵöУҲʼζˡ
ˣҾûɸóԣѬóԣ˵
ѬһսһζұѬúںģһͺûʳ
Ȼ˵ζԺ󻹲ôҲܸɱȡ
̲ĳëܲͷ˵Գԣô˶ڶء

Ĭŵͷ
̵ǳԵú㣬֮ǰΪĲ̫ѳԶʳڳˣûʳëˣ㹽⣬Ľ̶ܳȶá
⣬ֻҪѳԵŭԹܳȥ
ϧûзҪͺ廨ͺˡǲӡ
ֻǿƶСԶأ
˹ذĳԷò͵żˣԼΪڳ̳Էʱ򶼿ʼע̬ˡ
ϾǸôҲ̫ӡ
̿˹غܿ˿ӡڳ̵Ĵ£ʵòȿӵˣѾò͹ȫ˿ӡ
ƽū˵涼ݳƷǵýģһòǮ
Ǽֱץ
˿ӣȥ֦ãԷҲ죬˸տʼȽѧѧԺ󶼾úܷ㣬ҪǱˣǮ
ã͸Ǵһѧÿӵķ糱
˲̵ͬĿġ
Ϊܼʵ̫߶
ˣôܺūƽһľƵĿأⲻ߹ݣҲһ˫ӣ
̣ʵҧô죿
ܼҼֵǾͻģˣٻˣģһôȥأ
εĳֻ˫һ޶ӡ
ȿͰˣ̲Żط˯θͬ˹Ҳ󣬽ķ䣬ֻйܼұ⣬޲š
߷ߵվһȻȥڳ̵ſڡ
Ϣȥϴˡ̿ڴϣ̧ͷſ˹ء
ǾЩڡ
˹ߣǶûкú˵
̲̫Ȼƫͷ˵𣿡
˹̾˿ڿʼ𣿡
˵ûУ
˹صͷӳ̵ĽǶȿȥ˹سĽë΢ƺľɥ˼㡣
æôˣѹֻ̫æˣ㿴ڲڸ˵𣿡
˹˵Ϊˡ
æظ֤ûС
˹ܴҰܿ⣬ôƯֱǴŵҵѡ
ҡҾе㲻ϰߡС˵Ҳ֪ôദ
һѣҪӦʱɣ
˹֣ĸų̵գĸ£һļƤ񣬵ƿ˹Ժֻٴ˿˹صģֻܲųܿ˹صĸ
˹أֻϣÿ֡
̵ϣ֣֣ܿҿּˣ
̺Ȼ˵ҪûԴȥԣҪԵҰͺˡ
˹ϵıЩȻε𣿡
̴Ϊȣѵ㲻⣿
˹ؾôԼҲֻг̶ôִˡ
Ұ󣬼ټǳϴܴ򵽣Ҳǿ˹á
ǼȻԣҲֻ˵ã˳ȥ
ϵЦȻࣺҾ֪õģ
˹غȻЦݣӰעų̡
һСʣôˣ
˹أӦңѵֻΪܴҰ
̣ôܣ
˹صıࡣ
̽˵ôܴҰģѵϲֻܴҰֳôƯԸ񻹺ãִֶ࡭
ϸ˿˹صŵ˵ȻܴҰҲ˺ֵܶ
˹Զԣֻ̾ϢҴҰܵõʲôͣ
̣Ҫʲô
˹εǺֱӵ˵һ˯
ҲѸٵ˵У
˹üͷ΢塣
̽͵ǶŮˣ˯һǺΣյġ
˹׳̵˼ϵľܾʵ⣬ҲҪֻ˵Ǻðɡ
˿Ҫǿ˹һҪǿ϶ӲĳܾԷġ
һŵˣѣ
̾ȥԼĵ߿ܾûˡ
ôҪһ𣿡˹ؿų̵۾
̱Է۾סˣ˵
˹ؿ̣ڳ̵Ķ˵һ仰
˲ࡣ
вУ˹Цеʡ
̵ͷС˵ҡҿǿ
Ҫеˡ̺ߺ
˹أôŽвأ
˹΢ЦҪ룬ˣȥԡ
˵Ժ󣬿˹ؾת뿪˳̵ķ䡣
ڱ󺰣˹أѧˣ


45 
ԽԽȣһ㶼Ĵؿڴ󿪵·ϾԼĳǱ, û, ôָԴôԺ, ̧ͷԽԽˣ˵ʱĽż⡣
ڳ̳ˮ, ϣ̾ԼǸܵĵ׼ʱ
˺Ȼæܽ
һ˵, ڳǱﲢᷢʲô, ڳǱﱼˣܼҰ˶ܵķ, ܼһ壬Ǿ͹ɵǱס󾱵è
̾ʵ̫Լµǹܼҡ
Ҳûܼҳͷǣ䡣
Ϊܼҵԭͺʱ򿴹ܼҶ뵽ԼеĵΣ׿ˣдλΪѧд֣Ǹѧһ⡣
Ϊ, еѧм˸š
иѧȥʱ, ŶԷʦͰһ⡣
Ҳأ͸Цһ, ҽҲûѧ
±ͬѧԺ󣬵ѧǺݺݡ֡һѡ
֪ʱӶЦˡ
ܼҴԼʦˣĺԼܲ𣬵ʵ㻵ˣֻʱˣΪ鲻þҸϡ
ֻ֮ƶȵϸάߣŰ
ˣͺò״ѵ˵ǻˣ
ˮҲˣͣôģ
һʼļƻӦǿ붬ʱŻһ£ôôͻ
һƺЩ־壬ΡΡ˵ӵȡ˴ˡ
˲վֱֱسȥͷҲص˵ĶҴ·
͹С̵ܵǰ·ʱͲϸѭ˱Ĺ涨ͶͷȫǺüͷ壬·硣
ʱ򣬳йƽʱɱ֮
ʱȣ͵ˣûҽȫѾʻãǹͷˣǾĵͬڷˣ»ҲʧȥԼ
Ըӣǲмһ˵ĴǾ޴ġ
Ǵθеˡ
Ӻߵͬ鱻ڵؾס
ӵ˫ȶˣͬҲˣͬϣɼǵ˺۹ᴩѾʼŧˡ
ԼǿŹ˵ͬŴӣҰޣѵػصء
ӣӣۿ裡ӵ豧Ŷӵͷ
ѾյûԲˣ˵ۣһָ
̤ͬأ̺Ҳ˹ȥ
һȥ˶ˣҲʻ̽ԭʱ򣬱Ȱ˾Ȼ
߽ؾȫڵϣֻдӵĸŶӡ
˺ܶຢӣֻһôãò׵õ˵ʶò׹ԼҪӣȴ¡
̣ȳȥ
ؾæӿ̵ûдһ˿ۿۡ
ߺ󣬳̲ߵߣӵȫֱ࣬ҲǣȥӵȣӵһһֹķƲһߡ
֣ȥӵȡ
Ϊ̱ȥͷڻзʹ
ֹסᡣ
˿ȻûҽѧҲͷûжϳڣӦϥǹؽѾˣֻҪ׼ܽϡ
οӵ裺ӻûµģ㲻̫ģȥϴɣ˰ѴǰᵽǱȥչ
ӵ費ԸߣĶӡ
ǵӵ죬ڸɻȻһ׹ʹѪһµµĴӡ
еʱԵĲãȴǿ׳Ż
ô󣬻ôá
ӵҧŴʹš
̿ᡣ
뵽Լ裬迴ʬʱжôʹģ
ֻҲûչĻˡ
Ҳϣĸ߳ʹ˶á
ǳ̵ˣȥϴɾ·ٵǱȥչ˴ӣȥɡ
ӵǵĲ뿪ӡ
ȥǱ׼һ䣬ŴѴȫȥ
Ҫ̸ɾĲÿ춼Ҫϴ
ǰ˰ߺ󣬳Ҳ˳Ǳ·ʱһֱ룬ǲˣͲôȥӦôӶٹȥ
Ӧǵĸˣ˺֡
ޱ飬ڹܼҼ̵ʱ򶼲Ҹ˵
̴ûйôʱ
Ĵߣܲ㺦
̵׹ȥһ㣬޾Ԩ׹ȥ
Ȱǵ˿ɾ̶Թܼ˵ˮϴŧɾ
ôȣ˿ں׻ŧ취ãѾǳΨһİ취ˡ
̣⼸Сϡһ㣬ιȥ
Ҫιʳա
⣬̻ʹܼңʯ𣿡
ܼңˣʯʲô
̽ҧŴϳͷȥԱڡ
ǵԼǰϷʱʯڷӻżԱ߻ȡżҲˣӵС
ܲҵʯ͵ÿǵˡ
ܼҲҴۿۣҲȰ̱Ǽūæټˣȥū
ڳɫʯͷԺҪң¶ųͷͲӵūǴ
ūǲԣҲû顣
ǺܿͶ˹УʼҰɫʯͷ
ūǹʱ򣬳ǿǸԱ˿ڣӻãֻС˿ڣ򵥣ͲˣϣѾʼŧǸʱǻݵıѡ
ŧɾ˿ڱˮһϴǱʹȻιȥֱʹѣٴιȥ
Ӿ˼
ֱŧɾѪˮǵʺ죬ǲŸǵ˿ڷֹѪĲҩ
ЩҩǴ﷢ֵģʱūЩ֮׽һֲݣȻԼ˿ϣܿͻ̣Ȼá
ʼū˵Ϊòβҽһ룬ҽҲȺǣûϵͱ˹£ֱ˳̡
ΪҩģԳҲֻȥժԺū˿ȥ
ǲóҽ£Ͼֲֺҩ
ҽ˷֣Ͱ򽻳ȥˡ
̲֪òɴһ뵽ȣǰǸţˣϰҩ֮̿㣬˿ڹ׷ףȵʱ˿ڽӴ¶Ӵźá
ҪǰʯҳβͲ¶ȡ
ǵ˿ھ衣
˭֪ڸȾԭΪ¸ߡ
ϧǣһȫھûڳʯ
µܼҵʱ򣬴Ҳҳ
ܼҰ֪Ѿͷ۵ˣ˵ȥǰļԱڡ
Ϊϣ˶ҹä֢ҹ·Ѿѵģ˵ڵأ÷ֱʯͷɫǲܵġ
ֻټڡ
˻˺ܾãֱ˿ڱɾ˻˯ȥɫȥ֮صԼķ䣬ҲسˣԲȥ
˹ȥ˻֮ÿ̵ķš
һžͿޱڱ˿ޱĳ̿еףɿ˹ֻ˳̵ĵ;ɥԼ
ڿ˹ǰڶαװڴߣסԼ
˹ذڳߣס˳̵ļ򣬳̿˿˹صļϡ
˾̵ŨŨıûᣬգգ۾ˮ˻ȥ˭ԡ
˵ǳȥǾͲΣգ뵽ģһ˷ͻ϶ϼ޻Ĵˡ
˵֪˭֡
˹ؾš
̣ҿܲǵĲϣҺö¶
һɡ
;ɥҪѹˡ
ǰʧܣһˣһ¿ĩˣΣκˣؼҰһڣһܾҪȥ
֮أļ򱳸
ȳ˵ˣ˹ز˵ûΪǵʧ˵Ѿ˵ˣֲôԤϵһأ
ȥԭΣգӻǸؾ뿪ǰ϶Ѿʧܵĺˡ
˹˵ҪģӦԺôǰѴȫԼϣû㣬һʱѾˡ
ûһȷ·ϡ
УǸʥˣǷˡ
̣ҶҾеܡ
˹غȻ˵ҰһͷҰ˰ˣ𣿡
תƻ⡣
˵룬Ҫȥūʯ
˵ˣһ죬ľ񶼸߶Ƚڸ˹һûһ˵˼仰֮󣬾Ϳſ˹صļ˯˹ȥ
˯Уüͷǽŵġ
˹صͷų̵˯գָƽ˳̽üͷ
̧ͷһ˲䣬ϳ
ֻҪ֪˭ġ
˭ó¶ı顣
öԷԼΪʲôᱻϡ
ҹħ嶼û˯ţԼԭΣ궯ػ˺ҧ
ֱڶǱκŻָƽ
ÿһ۾ͨ죬沼Ѫ˿׺ݣһ̣Ǿܶǰ˷
˶ߡ
ڵڶ磬һķԱߣڳ˰ɫʯͷ»͸΢΢Ĺ⣬ʯԭͳʾ壬ֻ̫࣬Բȫ͸⣬滹ɫʡ
ôᴿҲ֪취øľһˮȽ裬ֱܽ⣬ȻȴһȺ͹ܵʯˡ
һһ붼鲻ãڳʯýʼҪͬıֱҳᴿЧõı
˵ĶǱȽϴֵĴֲ̫ϸķڹˡ
ϣܶ˶û˯Żѣͣ
ԼҲ˽ȥûһ𣬶ǹܼҸһӡ
ʯͷľԼˮһһһһȶһһȶȵȣ̳˺ܶࡣ
ڵҵʵı
ȴʯ˰׵͸ľ壬Щ΢ʣѾࡣ
˿˹ܼȥ֪ͨԺ󣬳̵˯˹ȥ
𴲺Ҳֻ˵㶫ھȫϯҲԲζ
õʯŽˮˮͶ˽ԱЩʯƵñֻ£ʳãҪʳã͵Ƴıȥɾˮ
ʱйŴӦʯƱˣﻹûС
Ƶ̾˿
ʱԽ϶ѡͬʱڵй
ʱҽȻڷչ׶Σ˵Ҳ٣ԲҩѾ˻֪
һ˿ھͲô׻ŧˡ
ǰûб¾Ӹ߲£ϴ˿ںһҹֿʼŧ
ֻܲϴҩ
ڿԱ˿ںŵڷһЩ
ֱʱǲŻ
Яĵأʹܼҡ
ܼˣǰڳ֮ǰԱʲôӣܼҾһֱû˵ڳܼæ˵û֡
ҪôˣҪôǱˡܼ˵ԼĲ²⣬Ӧʱ˿˵˴ġ
̽Ŵ
øǱĶȴҪǵ
ʣ𣿡
ܼС˵Ӧǡ
ͨ˵ûεֱ治ĺûֻɫвͬ
˶һ˫ۡ
ĺûһ۾ܿ
ֻ͵Ͼɱ˴ǾʲԴˡ
ɿĲ²͵Ƿˡ
ǲɱˣǵˣֻܼѵӳ
̣ѹ˵
ΪҪݣ̴ԵȴѺȥҹϽǵĹ壬ץ
ֻҪǼ˶Եع˵رҪԷͲܾҪ
ǣôȥǲϣسϹϵ
ֻҪسϹϵ˾ûôˣһ֪ĳˣͻ־룬Ȼܶ˱йվţ൱ںϵǴϵ
һ˸ǴϵȺоͻܵų͹
ȺУòϢԴ
ܼ˵ˣһ취
̿ŹܼңϹܼ˵ǻۣľ۶ɵǻۣʣ˵
ܼһࣺܻ߶ǵȥһβʾôǴ֣ܶͨ
ֻǲ㡣
̵ıûзɣ뻻ȥ
ˣֻܱš
ôصˣˣӦҲȥ
ܼȴ˵ˣһҪȥġ
̲ףΪʲô
ܼվڳԣͦεһ²ûļЦ˵ǰҲһ¡
ʱֻǸСܼңյأͿܲ˳ۣһֱڰ鷳˺ԱСܼңδСԼߵ͡
һΣʹ˱Ƶ˹Ȳ
Ȼȭߣһ
Ǹʧ£Ϊεˡ
Щ˻ᱻĥѴ򵹣ЩȴھĥѺӵи
ԼǺߡ
ҲţҲǺߡ
ĥʱһˣ޷ĥһˡ
Ѻͳ޳ɾҲɾʹӡ
ֻôѡˡ
лҪ˵ʯϲϣܱ֤һԣ˽ʯھᴿĶСʹӭ


46 
ʯƵıڵ¶ȣҩֹѪ, ٽ˿ڽ, ǵȶ, ȻǸƽ˵£ûΣա
ӵĸûûҹŴ, ԵԱ࣬Ȼչ, ȴûˡ
ʯھᴿûͣ¡
ʯкܶ, Ʊģò, ҩԭϣˣϡ
ǸǳĶ
ڻҩԭҲܼ򵥣ʯľ̿Լǣռٷ֮ʮľ̿ռٷ֮ʮ壬ʯռٷ֮ʮ壬ԭϽ, Ļҩˣȱڷҩ, Ҳ˵率
ֻ, Ҫ̾ԼռĴƬ
йĻǹչĺ磬γѾˣʼͻǹʼǹģըҩǹʯȥ
Ԫо˻Ͳǹͭ죬װĵ裬ܹظ䣬ΪҪս
ʱھͷչĸãרŴӪξԺ䱸梁ͻ梁ͻȡˡ
沈йģԴɿӦǴŷ޴ȥġ
ڳӵֵļҲľ̿ʯΨһȱľǡ
ֻҪǣ͵ھ
ڲû˹ǵļΨһܲǵֻ
ڵĳ̸ֵܵҪԣӵǿܱԼ
͹ܼҲ²ʥԺ׼սˣôûװǾֻһȺ׵ĸ
ҳһȻϲ
ԼҪܰѻֻҲٰܲġ
ûװǮҲֻǰԼŪһֻ򣬵űס
ڵĳǼûװ
ŪĶóȥֲУҲС
ֻоƿԣջˣȲ֯˲ǡ
ϣʱöһЩ
Գ̲ҪԼ̶ӣȫԼ㹻ҳģȻԼţʲˣ˵ԷԶԺ᲻̰է𣬲ԼˣͲΡ
ڻصصĵ죬ȫ˹ʵ˲ǻôãǸյµĻԣûȥǣ⣬Ǻú졣
ȻֻܳʳóﰾСǺȡ
˶ǿáӵιźȻһɧζϾ̣û˻ūҲ֪кô
ţѾú˺ܶ࣬ȲҪ̣Ѿ¸Լˡ
չ˵Цˣ˵ǣȺú
ڴѾʵĹؽڣǹܼڴӻԵʱӽӺõġ
ܼҾԼ˵һôķɲǰ׳Եģ˳ͣ˺üûĶᣬûҲѧࡣ
ֱǸ̫ү
ͬϻвҩһ̣Լź
ȫС󰾳ĺ̰ãûɤӣô㣡
һܳԵϵĿࡣ
ѾȫԼ˿ʹˡ
޲öԼ첡Ų͡
ֻд磬ɤʳＸʲȥ׳־سȥΪԼɴ˵У˵Σȴһ
ģ
ֲʳʣճü
СĵȰλͲҪٳȥˣĲǺܺ𣿡
зԣ´ɵúþнɲҲû
ڴ˵Ѿǰ붼ĺˣΪʲôҪðΣճȥأ
Ϊ̫࣬Ǹ֪ˡ
ƫƫûлش
裺ӣĻ
ҡͷźͼ˵˵裬ʧˣԺ󻹻ʧܡ
սȭͷ۾֪ǸؾʲôǣڴҲǵؾҺһˡ
˸һᣬҲסһӶû˿صū
ն˵Ҫˡ
й⣺ǵؾһȣҲ͵ˣҲдˣǲȥŬȫ谹ĵؾ
סˣɵ˺ܾԺ˵һˡ
֪˵ʲô˵ҲŲҪиһĵؾվǲúá
ӵ˶ھӵĺ׳־
ԺĬĬؿӣʵô塣
СǾһӵĻУؾݣţͷ˴ֻϲһЩûõĻ
һǶؾó򶴣ҲŬ͵ˡ
ţͷ˺ҳϣǻʵĴ
ˡǼļҾ߼ǰ˴ġ
ӵһ˳˼
ⷬȻҲ˳̵Ķ˵ת󣬳¶΢Ц
һֱӡ̶Կ˹˵ǿûӣǿǿǿȵȡ
ЦЦû壬֮Ҳӡ
ӺܺáһжɵοС
˹ͷһ˵
Ȼʣħأ
Ǳ̵۾ų̵Ĳ
ͷ֪ûӴħ塣
˹죬ƺ˵ʲôʲôû˵
̣ˣأ
˹أ
ԭû
˹أŲסȰѴ󲿷Ѭ⣬ҲЩɡ
ʮϧʹ޺ۡ
˹̵СԹϣѳ̵ͷˣ´ȥ򡣡
̷ͷбˣҲܴ棡
Ȼץſ˹ص֣ؿſ˹أ˹أá
˹Цŷץס̵֣ҺûҰã
һİͶ򣺡ã
ҰĿ˹ã
С˵һԵ𣿡
˹ЦɣϾáѡȥҰҪѾˡ
Ҳ˵ܲҵҰ̣ɱš
ҪǴҰץ޷ֳģ̫ǿͷץҰһ𣬿϶㲻ҲʵʵȦ
ʱܰѡɣ᳹ס
СͲһˣһϤ˵ζϰ߱ɷſڵĺϰߣ˵ҰԾȥܶࡣ
ֻҰǳƲִһܳܳ
Ǻܴģ˵ɡǣȥѰҿ&
һ
Ұ˵Ұ֣ȹսǿ
˹ҲûдƱֻ˵ԡ
̵ĸһĸĸΪ˱ӣһƴֱסӣԸѺҧ
Сụ̂Ǿ͸ˡ
̣԰ɣоˡ
˹̵Դ
ܾóԴװĶ˶һ

˹˵ħ壬Ầ𣿡
Ȼ̲׿˹Ϊʲô裬ʵ˵ᰡ
̻ؽͣҸҿģ˽ģۡ
ħ壬ҲǸֺÿħ塣
˹ؿų˫ɫ۾ϵЦˮ˶Ҫڿ˹صЦˡ
һΪʲôҪÿĳ̶ȣ
̡˹˵Ҽɰˡ
̣ѵӦ˧𣿡
ˣ˹ؾû˧ݹ
ڴϢ죬ָĲԺ󣬳̲Źȥǡ
߽صͷ
Ҳοֱʣ׷ʲô
˭˵
Ŵӡ
Ӻеͷˣǳ̸ǾݣԼֳ˴
Ӳҿ̵۾ͷɬ˵ȥ˳Ժ¡
սǵʱǵӺСһùݵķ䣬˼һ𣬵ĸˣȻٸʵھʱĴ̽ҵһλСˡ
ȻֵĻﲻ࣬ʶܶˣԵҲ
Ӿʼа
һʼԷֻ񣬵͵öԺ󣬶ԷҲסǣӲμᣬģǳȽͷˡ
ǾȥˣϣǱֵĺӣʲôʲôҲû˴ǣиԸ˵һ˺
Ǻӡ
ӣǵ˼ǣνǣȥ
̣ȥˡ
ǿ϶䣬ʾ䡣
ǲµĲһǲǱ˰µĺ֣ǱʥԺ˽Ρ
εļ۸ǺܰģֻʥԺȨĴ˿ûȨСͺܲˡ
ʥԺ׷ĴܵĹӵ˵
ǣץסˣֻҪֵͲ鵽˵
ʱ侲֪Ǻ׷ؾһ壬Ŀ̫ˡ
ҲΪԶԸʮʥԺˣһʮعʿš
̾˿ȥˡ
æ壺ˣҿȥ
ô˼㣬ȥͻᡭ
ӣҿȥһǣ
˵ԼʱļţصһǺ̵ģǻ̵˺ֻҪһһǣû˻ϳңͬطʥԺϽֻҪȥĳǸ֮ǰǸͬһʥԺϽͺˡ
Ϊ·˳żûбͨѶʽûƬʱϢʮֱ˵İ취пжȡ
ؿһ֣ܾͻû׷ֻƲϵ
˵ֻô֪ʲôΣգӲǵȫƾһǻѪ
ӣˣˡ
ļ򣺡ȫ˵
˵ЩԺ󣬳̲Űο˴Ӽ䣺ٳȥɣ˶ϣٳȥˡ
´ҪȥöˣҲҪ
̣úϢˡ
Ŀų̳ȥ
ͬڳߺ󣬲žضԴ˵ҿ˾˵ˣ
ǰҲ˵ӣ
ӾɥҲӦɴ˸ҵ񣬶һĻҪ˷ôʳ֮ǰ͵Ҳȫ˷ˡ
ԽԽܣ˵ԼԼ
̵ǲЩϾЩﶼǿ˹سȥ˵ʱģ콵ƣ绨ȥ̷ᰲġ
˵ˣκͶʶбǮġ
Ҫֻ׬ʵȻҪȥͱÿǮ׼
ûһܣ̾͵õһϢ
˹ش˽֣һѻû̵СУ
СˣһʱҪԴУʳԡ
һѣСëûдҰôӲСҰҲۣɫģһ˫˫ˮĴ۾иͣ
źǿɰˡ
̶˳ˡ
ϾôɰΪʲôҪ
̿Сζ⣬˰СΪ̫С˿ţ˸ι̣ȵĻֻܸǳĿ硣
ϾǵһҲָȺСҰܳ⣬Ұ֬Ͳ࣬ȥ͹ͷԺʵ٣ִĴ¡
СҰ˵Ļиͣһһ
æ˵챧ߡ
˲ԣæ첽뿪ˡ
Сĺÿɰ
̺Լٿ۾᲻ðˡ
Ҳ˵׼˵ˣͲǿɰˡ
ѡչСһˣ׼ȷ˵һͺСˣԼֻʮ꣬ǸССڳǱҲһôڵˡ
ĸĸ˰͵˳ǱǮԼֻҵǮ
СԼǳǱûаѼ˴ˡ
ûʲô飬͵Ǳ֮ǰҸɻ۸ɵö٣̸ɫֻ˷Ѽʳ
ڳǱúܺã˷ԸЩС˸ɰĻֻҪɨǱϴСĶ
ŵ꣬ҪιˣͬǽŲشСŮŵܹȥ
ŵ걧һͷСľӸСι̣С̺ȵúܲأŵܿ챻ʪˣһ㶼
Щɹˡŵͷͬ˵ǹԶˡ
ǱС˲࣬ǳͬ⣬顣
ȻССҪϻźͯĻú档
ǰǳԲҪıԴӲ̸ЦھͺãֻҪͲᰤðͷ
ŵԺ
ŵԺҲӣ
ŵк죬һ֮
кǿǰ˳˵ӰҲ죬ٿֶӵЦ
кԺŵŷ»СһֻС
ôˣǹܼүү£ܰòŽģЩкɲһǸصŮͣ
ŵιԺ󣬻øɲݸСǲ壬ȱ̵Сڸɲȥһ˯ˡ
ŵ°ͿЩС
һԺŵһС߶СҪһ㣬ǳôһЩһЩ˾гԲˡ
ŵȻСѾʴȿݵĹ
СٿɰҲûжҪ


47 
һõ糿СŮŵ꿪ʼһĹ, Լ, ԼľȥˮϴɾԺ, ȥС쵽Լķ
ϳĢѾһʳáС͵º˵
ŵصͷϻ, ı˾ЩЦ
ľ룬ȥԼǷ͡
˵κ, ֮ǰûд, ŵϧİҰ˺Ϳ֭꣬Ҳȵһɶ
ͺ, ŵߵǱԺȥСϣҪͶһˮԺһЩ̡
ĸϾͲˣС̣ĸû֮Сͻ
ŵŵһҪú
һֻС
ÿ춼ȦɨĺܸɾĵչЩС, ԼΪϤŵϵζһ߽Ȧ, СǾŶСеĽ
Ϊŵ棬СǶúܺ, ûһֻ
ëҲӲˣЩ֣ŵڸСιʳԺ󣬾Ϳʼɨᡣ
ľͰȥЩԵϡ
ŵһ㶼ࡣ
ɵϸˡ
гûгеĿ죬ⶼһˣֻһСȦûгǰͬѧèÿ졣
Ʒֵ⣬Ұûִӽÿ졣
ȻгջǳյõϢջڿԿʼ֯Ǻˡ
ȻҲҪڲæƣֻҪ֯ǣغܷܿۻǮҪƷ
֯֯ѾˣҪľȰƤЩƤھȹ󣬾ͿԿʼ֯ߣ̲ףҲþεʵ飬˷ѵƤ٣ΪϸİˣھһδڿԷĳ
ȻΪеĵطеĵطϸȵ֯Ĳ϶ܴ󣬲̫ܱů
ЩҲ˷ѣ̽Щϰ֯
󡭡Щ˰ѧᣬЩ츳ģ־ɣڱķܲôһȴתļ졣
ҲпΪ֯֯ģ˽õķʽԱָ졣
ڻѾˣÿҪôǷ֯Ҫôǽ̱˷֯
ԼҲַĹߣĳЧҲ̶á
ڻƺõƤ󣬳ڳԼϡ
֯̾Ͳˣٴ˷ѡ
ڰȫľϣҪڰƵĹвϽ裬һÿ׼ǽ̳ȴȴ
Ϊûȫϻõǽ̫͡
ʱ̾ʹֱʵʯƱڷȻװǽһľڷڷǽȴɿСǿľ˳ȻҳɱȽϾȵǿ顣
õʱԼһС飬ζûаǺͺôɫҲǳ΢ɫ㣬տڳҲ塣
ó԰ɣ̸˹һСǽ졣
˹Ц˵ûз𡣡
̣֪ɣۿֲ׼䡣
ӣҲ۷䣬ǻƷ仹۷䣬ֻҪ;Ҫˡ
Ȼóԣ۷ûôɰˡ
õȴͨ·ӣܰȥ̾˿
˹ذȥ˵Ȼ㵣Ĵӣȥһˡ
̣ʵԭùܼҸһȥģʹˣ·ϳʲô⡣
˹غȻ˵θһȥˣɡ
̸ˣ
˹صͷҴ
ȿ˹ؽԭ򣬳̾Ѿ˹ҺɡЩ˶Χ˹ǿģһսЩһҲĺܲٿǸݹ᾵ģ
˼һ취пԡ
ȴӺˣѡ˺ʹһȥɡ̿ſ˹ص۾ǵ
˹ûסһѳ̵һûߣͿʼˣ
̣
ֻϰԵ˵һ䣬û뵽˹ػô
̣Ŀࡣ
Ȼô˵ģ˳ȥ̲Ǵǣ˶ذףڿ˹ǳȥǰһϣһҹû˯ž
ΪĻţֻΪġ
ϴδӴߵʱ֪ܻôصΣա
ԤУ㲻ɹҲ˷һǮ
һҹ̶û˯žڶ磬ͶȦȥС
˹صȣԭͳóڣʱ£һͷ𷢵ĳҫŹ⣬վڳǱſڣ̧ͷſ˹أһʶ˿˹صò
շתһҹеʱ򣬳ȴ֪˵ʲôֻ˵һҪƽ
ʲôҪ
˹΢Ц˵֪
˹صɣӿͺܽš
֪Ϊʲôγȥ˶ߣҲûǿ׳Ǿú£ȺУԼһȺѪҰ޵С
Σոëֱ
Ҳ˴ӺҪȥ˼䡣
Ⱥ˶ǿ˹ѡģȻƲϺÿɳ̾Ӻɷ򣬳óҲû£ˡҲǺѿ
˵沿ƽ˶ǿŮȺ˾Ǳȫʧ档
ǵԼԼóѧԼˣȥҰŵߣЧʮֻҲΪﺦǵ˱˺ܶࡣ
վ·Ŀ뿪˹ߺ󣬳̵Ŀġ
ԼҲΪʲô
ֻǳ̻ûˣڻسǱ·ϣͺȻͣŲ
ֺܾûгֵĻŸٴγˡ
ʶ̧ͷ죬ձϴһ㿴Σյĺۼ
Ǻܿ죬̿ϱա
Զƺкɫƾۼ
Ǳ߿Ҫˡ
ڳ׼سǱʱȻ
ôѹѹһƬơ
ټ޷ƵĻš
Сûȫ죬˾ǻʧܶСճɡ
Ĳ²ǶԵģʱգôȳ浽Сܿܿա
ȳǿҧ鲼ģôһȺȳ棬ܸľضꡣ
⸽꣬Ҫּˡ
תߵ˵ȥ֪ͨˣС󣬲ûг죬ȫյȲȥһ㶼ʣ
Ǳ̴ʱ˵סˣã˼롣
̴ߴٵȥ
æȣȺ
ǻҪӦʱ䣬ЩСǾֳģۿžҪջˣƻһ
óû뵽ǣͳɤһ𣬲ūƽ񣬶ѸٻȥũߣʼС
ǡôһɶûУ̺ԻԼֻǺȻһ˵Ȼûһ˻
֪ʲôʱߵߵĹܼңʱ˵֮ǰÿһ궼л֡
ܼҵƽȴ˵أʱȳ࣬ʱȳ٣ֻҪȳʱʳûգܶƽͿܿգһƬÿ궬죬ᶳܶˡ
ž·жǣܹůű¯ֵʱ
ǣЩյƽǣֻɪһȡůūǣͻϢʧȥ
·ʬǺܳ¡
˿ڲԭġ
΢ļܸðգһСС˿ھͻ˵ˡ
̵ıҲ
ں͸ĸһŷֵȥոС󣬰ĸȳ˵ҲҪæ
һһ˵ظ磬ȥɣǼҵ٣Һܿ͸ˡ
ӣСң
Ϊһֻһ˲أԼʯ
Ȼûãȳֿȭöˡ
ǵĸĸǸСС󱧵ȥ
ҺӣǰǼҵľݺܶ϶סȳ档
ûֱͲضҧˮ͸·
Ǽҵĵ٣ܿʰˡ
ȻĸһСյȥСûȫ죬ҲǿԳԵġ
ûĿԳԣûֻҪʱһͿԳԡ
û˻ûĲóԡ
ڰŴԺ󣬲˿
һƬڰֻܴӴŵϸС϶͸Ĺ⿴ͷ󺹵ļˡ
Ƕ࿴ţȻ¶ظЦݡ
ȻǿԿӣСǵĴͳũ
Сǲܰġ
𰣲ǼٵļͥЩض˺ūǾ۶ˡ
ǲ֪ƣոС󣬰С
ûո꣬ʹһѹȲֵŹϣ
仰һūѸٵع˹ȲֵţƽҲԼҵĴźʹ
һŹϵʱ򣬵һȳǵصķסչ⡣
ƺ֮ذȳûбոСϣ֮еøɸɾ
̾Լ֮ǰץȳ뷨̫ˡ
ִƤûнʵĲӣԼ֯ĲҲɲ
ǵصĻȳʱ࣬˵ϣڷֲʳŻߡ
̱ܼ˳Ǳ
ִûмֻ֣ӱڶĻȳصߣάֵʱ䲢һһ֮ǿϾͲпʳõʳ
ȳ浽ʱĳжô£û뵽ô¡
ĻȳſСϣܳԵǶûзŹ
ЩֻСĿͺ͵ζϳúִĻȳ棬ۼһʱôǿƻӰ׻ˣ֮һɨա
һȳܿˣڶֻܳԵһĲиʣԭʣµľͲˣڷûӵʳ󣬵ڶҲˡ
һ죬ֱ϶СĻȳִͣʱ̡
ҲΪ٣˿ʼ׽Щȳˣõľ裬ڿкݺ˦£ЩεĻȳľ
ǱҲڲ׽
ЩΪȳʥĻͷϵͽ
Ͼʥ⣬Ҳɻ£ܶڴ˵ʥ鷢ŭɵġ
Щֹȥ׽ɱȳ档
ԭʳҲôˡ
ǳûԼϵˣԼľȥԺץȳˡ
Ժм˼Сѡ
Ȼȳɹȥľ衣
ۣץĻȳҲ࣬γ̺ܴ󷽣԰˵ҶۣǰץĻȳ潻Ժȫˣöͳӵκϡ
õĻȳǺġ
ԼҲԣðȸһݡ
˵ԼҲˣͺܺóԣæ˵ˣһᰴҪõġ
ȳͻȻȷֵ̫ˡ
Ƕ֣֪ڶĻȳڿ
ҲûȥϷ¡ԼΪֱֵģǰ֪ͨˣϵҲ˯˸Ⱦ
궼л֣Ȼ̶ֳʱʱСÿ֣ƽ˺Ǿ޴ġ
˯ڸɲϣɲݺܸɣúܺ񣬷ǳ۾˵궬Ķù
زȥ˵ܿܽˡ
˵˸Ͱ͵˵ظ綼û飬ôֵˣ
Լȳ˵ȣʹź˵ҵûϣǿ϶Ƚ顣
ǵĸ˵ûŮҿǵĸĸҲޣҪȻǾȥҰɣ
˳ԺĻǿʼ׷Ķˡ
µļͥµ
С˵Ժ˵ɡ
ҲҪٵꡣ
ڶ磬Ƕĳȳ棬ȵձøˣĻȳԵִ࣬ΪͺϣϻȳҲôһ⣬ر㣬ûܿζ
ūҲԵ˳ȳ棬ǰץĻȳ潻˺ɰȵĸ׳Ժǽǡ
˳ȳ⣬ūǻܳԵõĿ硣
ڵūǹøǰȫһˡ
ɻʱǿЩԼ£ʱ䣬ūǶϲڲݵɹ̫ﻹԽҰݸҰݸ˻һζ
ԲǶūǶƽֲݸǺ׵òҺܻӭСʳ
һ֮ڲݵϣͬ죬ݸֱǻе
ϴ˿Ĺ֯ʹ
ĻؾͰ࣬Ҳ塣
֯˰ˣؾţͷ˶ʺ
ֻǵĹЧʲߡ
ҲʲôϾ豸ԭʼʱЧʵͲǳ̬
Ϊз߳ǵٶѾͬʱߵٶȿˡ
˴֯Ҫ⣬ƺͷֽ飬ԼҲҪ֡
ԭԣһ±׽⡣
ֻǳܼҪ˻˽ʱ򣬹ܼס
ˡܼҵͷ˵ĻȴƵᣬָոչȥܶ฽ĺܶضΪūҲ˳ӡ
ƽûκϵֻҪǵȵ죬ܲǮջ񵽺ܶ֡
̣ˣ϶ǻ
ܼҴ˳̵Ļˣõģп磬кܶ࿨硣
ֻҪһٵĴۣܵõǮͶĸԸΪǸɻ
ԼĽ͡
ͷɣҿǼ졣
ܼ΢΢õģˡ
û֪һƲҵĻֺ󣬶ڿ־弴Ķ졣
Щ־ŶҲ֪궬ȥ˻᲻ȥԼ
Ѿ޷Ϊ׼ˡ
ЩͷССĻȳ棬еϣͻȥĻᡣ


48 
ӵĳһ˼ڰˮõֵ, һֹȥ, Ǳֵϻȳʧȥ, ľĶڽͷŵõĻᡣ
ֻһ˻Ĺ, ۣǶԳܡ
궼л, ǶŽ겻Ҫл֡
û֪ȳʲôʱ, 죬, ΨһԸϣСոԺȳ
ɽĻȳȥ궼Ҫ࣬Ҫףһ⣬ūũֻȥʰϲһ
ǲĵģ˰û䣬˼Ҷ׼뿪ȥͶݡ
Ҿ׼ȥͶ裬ĹԭҲסڳ, һסƶ궼Ϊʳ˰շ, ֵǮĶ֮Ǿ͸һﵱ˵Ĵˡ
ʱһ
ǵĹϵܺãΪסý, Գ
ʮ꣬͵˽䣬Ϊ׷кﶼǮôʣ
ˮ֮󣬰ͻص˼ĸĸʰʣ²Ķ
꣬ȥʰĶڵϺţæòɿĶƽʱ٣Ҫʰȴкܶ᲻µġá
æܻԼķ䣬Сʱ򣬼ҲԣǵԼСʱӵйһƯ̺ӣ軨Ǯģÿ춼ܶ棬ҫԼƯ̺ӡ
ǽģԽԽˣǻΪūȥء
ǼҲӳĸƶƯ̺ӱúܵ͵ļ۸˳ȥܳһµʳ
ҲӸĸСŮ˱ķ
Ϊкһȥû취ȥ˻ĳǱҲҪµŮ͡
ĳҲڣ޷ȥǮ˻ˡ
Ҳ׸ĸǰ
˵Ϊʲô»Ҫһķ䣿
˵Ϊʲô˵һöûУ
һʰԼĶһ߳Ĭᡣ
صСʱǸǵСÿֻ÷жѻԼ棬ԼҪôдǡ
磬һҳˣ뿪һӳǡ
ǶĿĵأֻһģĸĹ뿪ʱֻ˵Ǳɽºһׯ԰
ûκδߣ͸ĸŰ峵δ֪δȥ
·ϾͻҰ޵Ķ
Ǹ߲Ŀĵؾͻ
ߵĿĵأҲûаĹ裬ԸǣǻܵϣĿĵΧ
Σĸĸ˼Ǻľ
ǳҹɫ͵͵ߵģûиκˣܵھӶû˵
ֵǰ峵ˣԼҴĲڼϣѵ϶ţĸĸںƣͷȫǺ飬㱵̧ͷȥ̫
ΰʥ鰡ΪʲôȾأ
ǻ
ҹĻʱͣİְ˻ѣڳ˽ĵһ͡·ɵҰ˺Ұչһ̻ʵسԽ˶
Ұ˺ҰûбС
Ǹˡ
һҹİְСʱ̶ӳȥ⣬֪Ұ⣬ҹ
ǲ֪˶죬̡ܳܶ
Ѿʧȥ˼ֻľ߶ľ峵ľƶ峵
ÿξԼҪȥʱ򣬻Ǽ
ĸ״̬
Ϊ峵ҪͶǰĸס
Ĭڵȥһ̣ץŲ
׵εľİ̲סʹʧ
Ҫޣðһ𣬰ɷϵߣɷϢ
ǰѽʣһˮι
һ·ǶûҵˮԴһֱûꡣ
˴죬ĸˣ峵ˣҪ峵˾ͱ˰衣
裬ɡļϽӹ˲ҲˣϢʱҺʵƤܴĲ
˼
ٺۣҲٺ࣬ĬţһͷԿ͵ţһǰߡ
һ󣬰ڸˮʱ򣬴һСƬ֣վɽϣɽµׯ԰һԤлҪׯ԰ׯ԰ĲԶһСӣӱмˣƺڲ㡣
ׯ԰ҲûС󣬵кܶѶûС
ǻĵ𣿰Щ֡
￲кܶ߶ǿüˣȳ˸ǿ׳֪ĺܺãҲŮ߶ǵĻﱧٿڿװɫĶҰˣֺǡ
ÿ˶æµ
ۿЩȡ
æµµæµĻᶼûС
裡ְ֣ǵˣԭѾ۵ÿҪεİʱŷǰδеĻһ磬ŵˮĥƵʹҲܲˡ
峵Ѱɽµ·
ھռѵİڱʹĳˮû󣬰һڵִһץסΨһϣվׯ԰դ⣬֪ʲôʱʼ̤أѾ
ĸĸſڵϣͷʪͣض
Ǿ˲ؿһء
Ĺڲܷǣ
𣿡Щ֣û˹ģǿ֮һƬạֶ̊́࣬Ұ޶࣬أÿҹȼѡ
ܼҡͷһ˼˵ǵݡ
룺ȻˣǸסһɣһ꣬뿪ء
ڵĳҲӣٳｨ裬Ҳ֪ϲ⣬Ϊ˰ȫǵöһ㡣
ܼң׳
ܼеҪ׳ܶһЩǴǿģֵֻأһѺ֣ǼֻһŮ˺һ˫ĸĸģŮҲݳһѹͷǰǸϵȥƶûҰԸǸʱ䲶ʳǡ
ܼǸʮʵߣվͳν׼ĽǶȥūƽ
˶ūƽûʲôͬġ
кܶ๤ƽѡԼ֣Ƕƽǵѡ
ֵأҲѡ֯ߺʹ
ֻ֮Ҫнţ뿿Ͷùʳȫ⡣
ʱ䲻ȥȥ֯ȻЧʺܵͣȷʵÿ춼вǵĲģЩǶװ
˹ǻʱ·ЩǺͲܱǮҪƷ
֮໹ϾÿϽڵǮвͬ
ͭңͬͭҵĺͭͬҲͬȻûϸļߣ־ܸо
Ϊա
Դܻ࣬򲻵Ķ
Ǵһġ
Ҳ֪ǴĶҵĵôˡ
ˣҲĻǾԲġ
Ƶ̾˿
Ҫҵͭú
΢֪ﲻͬʱô
УǸʴž͸ƱͷһԾΪ׸һ˼
̴Խ֮ǰȫ罱ߵĲƱһһʮһң࣬Ϊ׸ûš
̾˿
Ҳ뵱һ£ԼôǮǮ˰
һᣬŸŵ˶
˼󣬾ʼ淶
Ͼʱڣ˾ߣزۣս⣬Ҫľǻ⣬Ͳʱͨ˵ֺʳ˵塣
ǵʶǳǣ
ϴˣشСˣһϴһ裬ҲϴòϸҲϴ֣ոͽץԡ
˿ӣҲֻǳȲ˵ʱá
֪ͺʱʲôư취ҺͿȫѪȵȣĴģзֲĹϵ
̰Լ鷿дʱҪ淶
Ͼޣֻеȥʵʩ
ܼʱҲȥ鷿̡̳
ܼҲʶֵˣʱ̻ùܼҸԼ
ϧûˮࡣ˵Իϧ
ҪܷʯҾͺˣʯҲѵãӦֻǼ۸ܰ󣬶Ҳࡣ
ͻҲãϾȺҲ·ͷǽֻıȽϴûˮԼ۱ȸߣ⸽İѻûлָԪôҲܵҵİѡ
ǲ׼ģҪϢʱ䡣
԰˵̾Ǹ̵ˡ
ܿ죬ūƽǾͷֱ齨Сӣÿ츴ӴɨأظҰʬ壬Ҽල˶ʳǰҪϴ֡
һҪϸϴ裬ýʣһרŵϴ跿ĺܴ󣬵ֻһûϴ죬Ƕӵһպõˮϴ裬Ȼȥһľ̿ķ仺һٻϸɾ·뿪
õĵط֯˲ڽ궬죬˶Եõһ鲼·鲼·ֻҪ֯ĺãǺܱůģ˴Щ⣬ϴɹ𻵣һò鲼·Դܳʱ䡣
·ҪüƵģûʱҵһ÷죬ȥߴ硣
õİ취ɡ롱ܶЩ˵ȽϴֶЩ˵ȽСֻҪһƽֵܱ֤ÿ˶ܴ
ڵҵЩܷ·ˡ
ǲеģǼȫԱ֯ͷɴǵٶģֳ̲ܴؾҲУΪ뿪ǰһηԴ˵ؾĹȺĻԣǾüȻ֯ɴⷽ治ܱȰøãͱڴⷽ泬ˡ
ǵؾڼһѷ俪ʼҸʵ飬ôܰѸֶĸá
ţͷˡԿģ԰Ρ
ǾֻʣϾĹ˾׶ˡ
ԴӴԺ׶͵ӹһΣڷɴ
˵ʵû˶١
Ѳü״̲˷ѲϾһʱҲǣݵ·Ҷз·ϣʧҲһ
ӵķҲܼ򵥣˻ᱡľɲ°壬ľ·ˣõдƫҲظˡ
ܼٴ̾ڳ̵˼룺취֪ˣһǮ
ò°һȾ֪Ҫöٲܼٲƥ˷ѣ·
ƽҲҪ򲼵ģǷ򲼲»㣬ȥĸľܴһ£ž޴ռ䡣
忴ϣƽԱȹöࡣ
̾ģҲǰӱ˵
ܼΪǫ飬Ʒ߹ˣǫ
ָӽˡ
̫ѨЩͷۡ
ܼҾǳ̶Ļ׳棬һ¶ǵı飬֪Ϊʲôǣʱܼ˵һ취ˡ
æŹܼңʲô취
ܼңǲҪūҲҪǮֻҪϵƽǵˣ֮ǰͶһڡ
գգۣصӦǣ
ܼЦЦˣصģֻҪ͸һǣһЩƽѣֲǸˣصĹǲġ
Ҳԡ̵ͷ
ڴ󲿷ֹƽūǸͬȵˡ
ƽūҲȲһָ
һγɰغͿȥģ֤Լʿ飬ʿǹԤۣܹһȽƽȵķΧڽ̸ԻԼ
غͿڳǱﱻ˺ܳʱ䣬ȻӺùҲģ˶иɾԵ¡
ͷǵȻ⡣
γȥһһƥܴǡ
⣬̻һЩǮȥصʱɬ˿𣬱ϾغͿȥǳ̵档
һĵĹܼҶͬӦǶһЩǮ
ΪǮ౻ٶô죿Щġ
ܼһƽ˵ˣʿΪʿΪɥǳ裬Ҳ֤㣬ΪʿʿӦսϡ
̣
ҵ˰غͿԸ˵¡
ǻҵȥҵӡ£ĶԶС˵һЩǮõʱñ˿ӵжǮ
˵ǰǮһ֣һٷŵ㣬һ϶ŵ㣬ҪǮʱ򣬾Ǯٵȥ𣿡
æ˵ˣõǣҸѾûǿˡ
ܳȥ԰غͿ˵һ¡
ôʱûκο֤ԼĻᡣ
ʿӵиڳ˵ĺԽУĺԽпҪˣҪ֤Լ
Ҳظ̱֤ˣһУ˴ġ
̣ҪǿΣվܣܲһ¡
غͿ֤ˣǵӾ֪ǿ϶仰
Щ˵ĵַƽǸ߰غͿģƤֽϣԺˡ
ܶƽ񶼸˻ˡ
ΪԼһӶԼˡ
̫ˣһֱҵĸ磬һ뵽֣һڵôȹ궬졣
ãҺóʱûмˣҺܵ
ﶼһ̾
̫ˣҲ̫ˣӵдȱȴûм̳һ㱩Ű

̫ˡ
ܻǱ


49 
˹ˣҲ, ܸ˵˾͸, ֻʣ¹ܼңܼҲæ, ܼҵüЩµģµһ㶼ƽĵһ, ֻô̲
ֻ֪Щµû, ڷϲŹŰūƽ, µĶܿԼ磬ȻǿӲ, Ǳ̸ʱѾࡣ
Щµһ㶼ʶ֣ʶֲ࣬ڰäٺü˶˽ܱߵĻ·Смʡ
ׯ԰в׼, ǳ˹⣬һҲ, ǲýͷ˰ֻý͵˰һǵ, ֻýʥԺĵ˰
ԹµĶķǳãǵļ˸ָɻֻҪȥɹ´ָͿˡ
Ϊѵʶֵ˲ţȻǰä˾ֲʶһĻ£Ѿǳܿɹˡ
ﻹûа֣õֵַÿγдֵʱֻҪһԼ۾Ȼˡ
ÿֻҪַһ飬ٰȥϣ޷һۼ֪
ԳԼ¼ʱ򶼻滻ɰ֣ʱˣܼҲѧ˰֣ʹԺ󻹽̸ֵµĹµģ¼
̺ùܼȥЩµɨɨäŹܼæµӣֲ˼˼ҶһֻҰǼڳ̵Ƥֽϣ뿪һɨäˡ
ʶٸ־ä롪Ͽɣ
żҲ߶߶
ÿһȥ˾Ͳɻˣȫڵϡ
Ӱ˹Чʡ
ǳһҲͳȥѲһȦ
̽һ조׿ճڴϣ̺ӣﻹһˮȻܼվڴ߻㱨ջ
ǽջķᣬºͳͷũ߾ʮѣȻβ룬ܱĺá
СΪռʱʧĲ࣬ǲȱˡ
͸˵ϵ˳ˣҲһֱֻ֣ҪջһΡ
ĲȽ٣ÿ˴Լֵֻһֻ˶֮һ컹кܶ˴·ֻܴ
ٶޣ˹ǴʮޣǴʮޣϻʣٶޣڵؽ
ܼһ㱨Ժ˵Ƚɺܶࡣ
ܼһ̹ͣܶ壬ǵһθֳܵɾ͸У̹ĳɾ͸вͬԽԽãڳû֮ǰϵûס
ǲеطסҲ·ӡ
˺ܶδũߡ
ܼһͿʼʺƨˣҼʴȣ
æϹܼҵĻͲҪˡ
ľ̿յö𣿡ʡ
ľ̿ţͷգţͷ˾Ϳĺ̿
ܼ룺ûȥࡣ
Ͼȥûнô¡
̾˿ġ
ƫԭʼʱΨһͶԽ࣬Խࡣ
ִһһ̨ոܽصĴ󲿷ֻ
ܼңˣ㲻ԼѾˡ
ʵôΪ
ڳ͵ʱҲǸëͷСء
İڲ·ܴӹµɣÿһ·쵽ʳһҪʳǻסڹķ
ǰͬˣôƽϣԼӺùˣҲƽʹ
õڳǱﵱˣ쵽
õܵĸһҲԵ˴δԹİ
㣬һõܻ˽СͷδԹôõʳ
ÿ˺͸ĸһ·⣬ճȥҰˣȥҰˣֻҪ˻ʲôԡ
ֻǰѾǰǸµСˣ֪Ŀϧڵӡ
Ǹʱ򣬹һһָǼҲС
˵λǳʴȵˣǧҪŭ˵¡
Ҫ£𣿡
ÿ춼һҶ˵ĸм
˸֮ʳ˽Ľǣѵʱǵһֱ裬δҪǸʲô
ʱҲɻΪʲôôʴȣ
סĳеΪʲôһ
ô˳
ȻЦȻͨˣʥˣ
̳ʥĿʴȣûм̳ʥŭ׶񡣡
̾˵磬ݲ´ʴȵ˵ġ
겻ףѵ˲𣿡
ͿЦɵϴǶˣһˣֻᱻѹ˺Ҳ䵽ƶ𣿵ˣǾҲɻˡ
껹ǲ˲һ
裺꣬ҪģҪˡ
һ֪ԭƽҪ
ϴŰ
˵ʱеİ֮飬ԼӵʱҪŨء
İĺӡ
ø˵֪ΪʲôԺ󣬾û˸𣿡
һ˶ҡͷʵǰһֱãǹһҲȺͶǡ
øЦǺǵ˵ǵһд£ҵĶŵ˿ˣЩ˾ͻ
ǶǲֵģֵֻдŶţЩҪǮġ
ҪøԼȣȻǵҲҪ
Ժ󣬲֪ʲôоһ
һ˴һ𣬺ůԺ¡
Ҳ˵Ǹأ
صĺܶ̼ǵҲҪǰݺͰĺӡ
ԼûԼгĵλ
Ҳ
ԸΪ
Լ֪
ԼǸϵ
ģ̴˶װȼ˱¯ڷĶҲԸȥԷڴϽˣȥںмȥǰòͣˣ
ĳÿ𴲣Ϊ٣ҲûʲôҪÿ춼£İõڱ
ܼҿ˵ˣ׶ůɡ
׶ڳԳһӣô֣ϡܿʼòѾԶԶϿ˹ˡ
̾һ£Ǿܾˡ
¿˹ػԺ֪˳Դףɲÿ˹Ǹۺܴˡ
Ҫǻȥˣ˹ظ׶˯ˡ
ԼҲҪģʲôֻ˯һȡůҲСۡ
Լˣ̾Լһˡ
Ը䣬ҲȥĿ˹ء
֮ǰ˹ǸҪûء
Ҳ֪ο˹ػôȥ
Ȼûͬ⣬ܼһǰ׶ˡ
׶һֱڸɻ˺ܶ࣬ĶҲƽˣҲˣϻкʮֲɣԼҲܻ֮ǰ׳ӣԹܼһʹӦˡ
Ҳɻˣɻۣȴ۶ˣ
Ҹһֲÿϴ衣
ˡ׶Сߵ̵ķĵЦƺǵůģҪЩ£ۡ
̣
һ˺ӵ˳Լָۣоһ»ص˼ǰ
ʥԺʱһλźӵйÿ춼Ҫұˣ
ÿι͸ۣ˵һЩɧ
Ը뿪ʥԺĻԸٳ̣֮ʲô͸ʲôҪ༸Ҳԣ⣬ᱣ֤Ķڳ̡
һʾʱȷȷʵʵŵ˳̡
ΪԼֻǶŮС
ʵԷǸˣǴˣ˵ʱʹˡ
ĸûӵұأ
Եһ
Ǹ˱˶ҪķϣҲûԿ
ܼģ׶
׶˿ĭæ˵ܼҴ˵ֻҪҺúźԺͲùˡ
ܸͬù¾Ȼĺ£
ʵ׶Լ˵ò˼顣
ֻܸ׶˼빤㲻뷨ܿɳǰһʱѵҲʲôзԣ
׶ãصͷ곤ľչ׵ľ顣
ΪӲף׶ȺСһ飬Ȼͳˣɳţֻĥӡ
̣
ֲ׶óȫǳǹߵģ
㲻ô롣֮˵㿴ұ͸СҲڸɻ
׶ɻĿ
ֱ׳˵Ϊһôغ𣿡
ʱҪʳĲ
׶Ƕ齻𣿡
̣ҿĲӣ
׶Ȼ򣺡ҲԿӡ
̷ˣһ룬Ҫôã
׶룬Ȼóһۣ˯
̣ӡ
غͿٶ۵ʿ˹ڵĹϵˣȻǲһ˽ĺ֪ܸ̫ܣðһٶ
׶ίؿų̡
̣ڸů˹ػ˸ô죿
׶ʧɫʲô£ѵ𣿡
̵ͷ
׶ðһٴƺҲû£˵Ұס
һٴܸ˯ù
̺꣺Ұס
׶Ҵ
̾˿ңҲ鷳׶Ժ󲻹ܹܼô˵㶼Ҫٸɵˡ
׶ôͳɵˣǴ¡
ڳ̵Ҫ£Լϴ磬ӳûôɾ׶سȥˣڿŪ׶û£ůıԼ˸ޡ
׶Ǹһľ飬ԼⱲӶûôӡ
ȺʲôʲôÿǣҪ׶ڱʱ򷢻Լǣ䵽Ĺ˵ûˡ
̾ˣƽ͹壬ʵ㸴ӣǵܱӴ˺º٣ԺܵƵ档
̾ԼҪǸԣǸͨˣЩм䶼ǸĻˡ

òڳŵĴӺܺ£Ⱥι״һÿ춼սսǳԷʱЩ˾͸Ұһ̻ʣūĳ໹Ҫ¡
ֻп˹ؿһ֡
Ҳûÿ˹غýӴֻо˹ءЩ˸¡
˹صһ˵һҡ
ֽŸУкͿ־亹ֱ
Ҫȥݷһλˣ˹ûһȥӴ֮еλȽϵ͵ˣһѡͷ
ҲȰ˹˵ĵûС
ǴһǺһƥùֻп˹شԼһȥڴӳʼ˼СǣһΨһԸ˵仰ˡ
˹ǰ棬ӾںСʺڣ㲻¿˹𣿡
ڵͷһɶûУ¡
æ˵Ҳ£֪Ϊʲô
˹شûд¿˹أΪ˹˵ѡ
ָоһͨվԨǰߴһͻٲĸо
Ŀ־塣
ôµľദġ
ڿ˴һۣİСʱ¶һƳªЦݣݡ˹ش˲Ƕֵġ
ӣ
ԭĻᶯ
ǰı£ͽ˺һǿ׳ħĺԷĹͷ
ʱı±ڸңײУһħ塣
ħǶսľΨñ
ڣȻȻǿ־壬ǹȴǰĿҵֶˡ
֮ǰĺڲ
ڵĺˡ
´Լλһ
ħ֮
ǣǱµ
ָоúڳ˰ȫУ
ǵ˴˵ļңⶰǳ˹ĳǱҲƯĽ˸˻ѣȼ͵ƣ˵ĽŲ
ûӭǣΪֻǲİݷߡ
ǴȥһˣȷԺȥůΪԱǽϵĻѣСڿ˹ص
һΣһһսս
Ȼ¿˹أҲĪţֻҪп˹ڣͲΣա
ﱧװǵĹӣСš
ȴӿĳʱӴӾˡ
ȫˣȫǴɫ·ˣǾžƱ̸ЦţòŮ˺ΧǵߣװƷֻǶǲмһˣӵе˶ˣľۻвֳɫ
˹һ˳ʱ˵Ŀⶼ㼯ڿ˹ϡ
˹ֱӳűΧŵĴȥ
˵Ϸòľ鳯Լ΢ЦſŶԷ
ȴŶԷͶԼĻ
Ȼûϵǡ
˹֡
ŤĲӡ
˹زȥܶԷ壬˻ûӦʱˣĮ˵̸̸˭Ϸλӣ̳еϷĲƲ
ģҲ˵ġ
˳̣κε
˫̵۾ڳǰʱᣬû¶ȣ˵۾
˹΢ЦǶҪ
ô˭ɡ
ڷӦǾʧӴܣôǿǰǲӲӲǵҲһӡ
ʱվſڵĺڷá
ԭΣ򿪴죬¶Լļݡ
һԵĴӶ̱˵ϡ
ոյ˼䣬˲˼


50 
ĵһѩѩ, Իζͻ, ʯϹű裬һ˵Ǻǳһڰ, ˶ʼ﹤ů, ̿ڣ˱봩, Ųȵͷۻ
˴, ûôůˣһ, ̿裬Ҳ䣬ֻйʱľ̿ӦؼԺֻԼ취ȡůˡ
Ƕʱڻľ񣬶ѻĺõģѩʱľûз
ƽڸūͬһ﹤Ȼʼôѻɵֺֿˡ
Ů˺ó, ĳ߱ȱ˵Ķȣۿһ, ֽҲһܸɱĻҲ, Ƿ߳Այˡ
죬ŮƾԼŬõ·õɸΪͶģ
Ů˸ڿˣӲ֪ڿܴԼôô
ܶ˶ūҲƽƽʱ˵ǣ
ʱ򻹻
Ȼ඼ʱԼȥժȻɹҰĢ
Ů˺㡣
ûһԼԼܡ
ǿϵģǸεĶȴ˶֡
ҲټŮˡЧ̫ˣ
Ҫÿ˶ŮЧʣγܸһ
ԼĸоȻ֪ȥвٲܶǲܱ֣Ϊ֪ģǺͲصĲҵ
Ůû֣ƺǶ峤ȡֵģ⣬嶼ĸϵ壬Ů쵼ʳ͹Ϊϵİ˶ūڲû쵼ˡ
°Ƕû֣ǴöԷصƺԷ
пģе˺۵ĵȵȡ
ڵ֪Էûֵʱ˼һ˵˿֣úòã
ŮãĿų̵гԣѵؿסԼ
̽͵ֱгŵ˼
Ůˣæͷ˵֡
΢Цְɡ
˿Ϊ˰еһӵֵˣ޴վڳ£ȴֿ죬ϲڱ
˿ϣܿһѧࡣָ˿һ½ѧ˼Ȼ˵øӵһļٶȡ
˿ܺ죬Ͱ͵˵󡢴ˡҡܱ֤
˵ܱ֤ÿ˶ѧᣬܱ֤Щ˱̻ԺһٶȺ汸
˿˼ֻ̣ǱǿˣҲ֪˶㣬츳
˿Ǹ˲ˡ
˿ȫƤڷ죬ͷ̧
˫ڲͷһ飬߶µع£Ѷͷڵϡ
뿪Ǳʱ˿Լƶϡ
ƮƮģŲȲʵϡ
˿һʦƽøɶٻֻҪÿ춼˽ôֺֿãԼľͼɣ˿ջҲ٣ÿõǰһĽ
̾취ҲͦõģΪ˿ͣ˶˿һһ˸ɵúãһˣǵȱ֮ǰˡ
Ȼһԭ˿һǷˣҲһǳˣǸūȻܰ쵽û˰첻
һʱ첻ֻ֤Լûȫѧᡣ
ѩĵܣһգʽͣˡ
̷һܵļ٣һǿʲô
ؾ඼˽ӽһͶԺǿʼͶĳɹˡ
һ궼ٵĵõ˽ÿĳƷƷ֣Զһʣ·ǵȵȡ
ؾǴ඼Լһ·Ը·ϴ
һؾüƷ࣬һСǣҴ󷽵ĸͬǷˡ
ζǴûܹġ
ǵڻÿؾԼܻڣ׷ľһ̡
Ҳһĳɹϲֱӳǣ̫ˣǷˮڻˮ±Ժˮ𣬳ÿˮˮҲ塣
ڳڵʲȥԼõ޻
¸һ£һ£ůʡ
µĻϻЩ
кܶŵ㣬ŵԲʡ
ʲٳٲ˹ҲûлʮֵġڵĵĺǳԶˣñǰԲˡ
ǰ־岻֡
û뵽Ժ
̲ԼǱˣڳ壬һкô
˱⣬Ҳ˯ˣһ˯ʮСʱܼҲΪ𴲣˵˯ʮСʱ
ҪһΪԼˡԼĶӡ
֪и˯ĵȵζµʳЩиܻ£ҲͲˡ
ܼһεֻ̫ˣһΪزĵ̫ࡣ
˵ţܼҾһӶ˵Щʵ̫ˣŬ
̿ϣﻹűӣѾŬˣǵĴ
̵Ļû˵꣬˯˹ȥҺùܼۼֿ죬סˣȻ̸˱ӡ
˯⣬ϴʱ򻹷Լı仯
Ķ·Ȼ˺ɫİߵ㣬ÿǿڰ߾ͻŤһֵŤơ
ǻƿصȥʱȴƽʱûʲô
Ȼ³ˡǸĻƻƶƵ˶Ƥϣƺÿƶһ㡣
Щˡ
и֮󣬴߱˰ߡ
Ϊ˯µʧߵĻᶼûУǰһ뻹ڵԼǲǱʲôˣҪ˶þͻ
һ˯
κԼϴʱҲùܼҿԼ·
һĵĺš
Ҫߣȴ֪˭ܼôˣ뿴ܼΪԼġ
̴δһ˼˹أ¿˹ֻǰο䣬Ҳһ˽꺦úãƫƫڹܼҺǰҪװһµӡ
˹ʲôʱʵһ仰
˹Ѿظˣɱ˵ϷԺһֱϷѹĶּ̳˵ϷĲƲλֺܿӦԼݣҲ˹غͺ˵

ϷӲԸ뿪ļңԸ޸˶֣ǴլӵŮˡ
Ϸڵ֪󣬷ӦĵǺܿ죬ʲôҲûˡ
ϷĴ󲿷ֵļҲ͸Ҳ˱졣
һ㲻ڲ£ֻҪǰһúΪ£ȥҪĶ
ڳǴӣε·˹ѾƽˣħҲڳֻҪħڣʲôõġ
˹ؾãδӻǲã˷ôʱ䣬ǣҲϧ
֪ӵҲһˡ
ڶҸ˵ˣڵ͸һ
Ҳ֪û뵽ô
ȻӺ£ǵøǴ򽻵
Ϊڵˣ˴򽻵
ôӺһˡԼõģӦòױŪɣ
˹ػʱ򣬳˯ʱ磬˹ط糾͵Ĺͷѩë϶бѩһ·ûκ谭
ڳǱǰ߽Ǳϻźֱվڳ̵ķſڣһȷţ˹ز¶񣬽⿪ףֻһ·߽ȥ
򿪷ţ˹ؿ˯ڴϵĳ̡
ƽšǰ̶ǲ˯ǸСһһ˯ʱ򻹻Ļꡣ
ʱĳɫ԰ף·֪޾
˹һվſڣ֪ΪʲôȻЩ߹ȥ
֪ſվ˶ã˹ڳŴ߹ȥȰַԼϣȷԼůԺ󣬲۹̶ߵͷ
̵ָƤǱ䡣
˹صĺһϣָƵ̵ıǼ⡣
Ǻÿ˹һ
֪ħûаꡣ
ħʱʱȻǳǵôδйĽ
ħڳϡ
ǵ»ԽԽͣûаȥģʧȥе¶ȣһʬ塣
ֻû뵽̻ڶ꣬ƶϣôҲڴ괺ꡣ
˹ظס˳̡
ϳѾȫˣ
ƮƮһѹͷ˹֪ʱֻܿԼȥ
ЯСԼָ⣬һֻ󿪳̵죬Ѫν̵ħǿѪҺ岻ͬħǴġ
ÿһħʱ򣬶ԼĺԼѪ
˹ز֪ó̺ȶ٣ó̵Ѫɫ֮󣬲ֹͣιѪ
ҹĻ٣ˣ˯ʱԽԽʱǰ죬ʱʱϣԭѾϰˣû˿ʱǿԼǿ
ʱڴߵĿ˹أίСҵ˿ԸԼļҳһ
ôŻˡ̺ίﲢûʲôŭſڿֹܼҺ˶ſԺ˵ȥŹϣҪ˵¡
˹شվҲмҪ㡣
Ȼ˹ؾȥ˳̷š
ҿܱˣ
Ҫˡ
̣
Ŷ˵ĳʮꡣ
˹ʲô˼ڰʾԼ
û뵽˹صôǣ
ԼȻҪˣӦþͿ˰ɣҲɣ
ƷʱҲִ̫š
ֻǳ̶룬ûʱ򣬾Ϳ˹һĿȻȴʮʽ˵̣ħ㲻塣
̣ɶ
˹أʹûлɹΪʲôֻᱻϲΪʲôʱ򶼻òƽʱ
Щ˼˵ΪǱҵ˸ˣҲΪҳ̫ÿˡ
˹ϵЦݽ˽
̲ţħܰɣ˵ħѾ֡𣿡
˹˵һħ
˹ץס̵֣£µģ㡣
̵ͷ
˹ץų̵ץøˡ
ȴȻ̧ͷʣΪʲô֪ħ
ץסؼĵ㣬˹Ϊʲô֪ħƾʲôƶһ㣿
Ϊ˹زѧ
ԡƺһֱһ㡣
˹Ǿ壬׶һ뿪ȺãΪʲôʲô֪
˹ȴ˵Ҫұ֤ҸԭԺ㲻ҵҡ
̣ұ֤㣬Ҳ֤
˹εЦЦЦ˳磺㻹ǵǸ𣿡
̵ɴ۾㣿
˹أҡ
̻Ȼ򣺡ֲҾĺͱӰʲôģ
׺ܶΪǲҲƭңҲȲѡ̾ÿ˶ܣв뱻˵֪ء
ȻˣֺαֱԼ
˹ȴҡͷ˵ҲǾ顣
Ȼ̾ͽĿ˿˹صı
ԾĳͣԼһĻ
ۿſ˹صͷǳɫ˴ɫͷĺɫǺڵȾֺڣ˹صͫҲӱ̱ڡ
ڿ˹ص΢ı仯
ӴĪ˴Ե
˹ؿʱԷ۾ˣǺɫͫУ˲׹
˹صûб䣬˵һûѶȥŻǰ顣
ħ塣
̺һϣĬò˵ɡ̫̼ˡ
˹ػ̼˵ȴֳ˵仰֮ƫͷ˯˹ȥ
ǿ˹ֻܼڳ̵Ĵߣһϣ;ڳ̴ߵȴڼûкˮҲûгԶ
ȳٴ۾Ѿǵڶˡ
۾ڴ߿ԼĿ˹أ˵Ҹո˸Σμ˵ħԼħ壡
˹ؿ
̳ɵΣ
˹ʵǸԼħǸħ壿
룺Ҳ֪
Ȼʣôħأܼ˵ħħ壬ǲǰ
˹רעؿ۲ı飬ֱԼӣѾܾûбԼıˣųеӳӰӡ
ʱĶ
ħħ塣˹ἫˣԴ۵СŵԷ尮ǿ־Ϊħħħ塣
ħʥĳ
̲ţǳΪʲô
˹ЦΪݲ˰ɡ
̡˲˼Ƥæ˵ôңʵҲ̫ࡣ
˹Ц
̿ˡ
Ŀ˹ءʵ̫ˣ
ǰ˵Ůͬѧ̫⣬ˣ
ǶԷһЦԲ˺ܶ࣬ŶԷĴͻ뵽һЩµ¡
ǲݵġ
ֱ˵࣬ռеĸй١
˹ٴס˳̵֣ߣ㲻ú£ȥͻɸõ㡣
̵ɴ۾ʲôãҸ˵Ҿڱң
ƿӣ·˹ؿԼϵĺɫŤƣѾظ
˹ؿų̰ɫƤʢŵĺڰ֮
ϣ»


51 
̶ħ˽٣ֻ֪ĺ, ħ˶ʮ, ȫߵԣͲ˽, Ǳִ鼮ȻҲжԸļ򵥽ܣζŷǳ򵥡
Ƥֽ۸߰, һ鼮Ϊ˽ʡֽţѸӵ¼Ե¡
ʥԺ, ֱƤֽҪǮ, һϻܷʮʮΡ
ҳԺأ̱ȽϺ棬֮ǰû, ѾˣҪǳꡭǡ
е¡
˹׳̵ĵǣħܿԼˡ
δħǰ̴ԼǸܹʥԺһ˵õ˱һԵĻгɳȻֱɵôһء
ϻһþʵĹܼҡ
Լֻܱ֮Ϊˡ
ħδܹƻ, ֹƻ󲢲öԷɥʧ˼һ˼, ħҲ뱻ΣУȻĵ˺٣һ㹻ֲˡ
Ϊ֤Ǹӵе̰ѾԶħܴȥӰ졣
ʢ̰, ˱ħ
ħαװԼԼαװͨˣ»켣ȺУҲᱻҵټĸദ
˶׷ߣĽߡ
̵ɴ۾ã
ܲˣûг˹κοƽȽѣܼҵǲӰ죬ǹܼҴӲ˵ԽĻ
ʵʱҲôһ˿˿¶
ȻǱкܶˣһ˹һ뿪̾;߿յġ
Լ˽󣬳̲źʿ˹أħء
˹ŽԼ֪Ƭ½ľͷʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷֻʲ˵дԱ˺ɫƤˣΪӦҲǴڼƬ½ģӦҲ޷ŷ޵Ĺɡ
ֻڴ˵УħԨ֮µĸݡ
˹أԨƬ½ļ֮أụ̂ҲûҰޣߵԵͻῴһ޴Ѻۡ
ħǵѺ¡
̸оԼ£̫ʵУԼħҲû̫ʵһ
ſ˹أרעصȶԷ˵ȥ
ǿ˹ظ˵˺ܶ࣬˵ĻСڰյԨ֮£ĸʱŲ̳꣬ħ֮ѪħǶ塣
ֻҪȹѪСħ壬һԾ𣬱ħµͳߡ
˹ʱɱгġ
ԡͬǵѪҺɳ
˹ûκҸ뿪Ԩʱ򣬲֪ԼҪȥĶ
ûκεû·ûκƷֻɭߡ
˹˵ų̣ʲôʵ𣿡
ЩãʣЩˡ
˹أҲħ壬ֻǺٵһ֡
ôɻڵõ˻ش𣬹ֲЩ˿ܿ£òĿ£ʵĿ£϶͵͵˵Ⱥͺ˵һ仰һ£ͻᱻɱˡ
ͷһγ»ص͵ĸλϣһڳǰó̲Ҫ̵ͣͻȥˡ
ǿڳʱŬͼ£õ˴˽ƷȨ
˵ĽӴҲ֮ǰˡ
ܼҶԳ˵Ȼֱִġ
˵һҡ֣ʹŵˡ
ٴܸɵˣ˲ľͲá
СʣǺĻ
˹΢ЦҲĻ
æ֣ԼܾͺˣҪٸӹˣæˣûʱϢ
˹أܼ˵Դ붬һֱ˯
ֱ׳ҪҪϢʱܳӡ
˵𳤸ӣʣҳԺ߻ٳӦûɣûпܳôߣ
˹û˵æ˵ûôҲУܼôҲԣ
ܼҿһ嵽һ߰ˡ
̲̰ģôҲ㹻ˣԴˡ
˹̾ħʱжߣͻһֱôߡ
ˣ̾ˣ̲ţ
Ҳ̫ˣ̺ߣؾͰ˷رõĶҸߣ
˲ħʮ껹ܴһڣƾʲôħʮͶˣ
˵ħһ㶼ã
ôߣһ̫ˣ
Ůô߶ܽиˣͬߵкŮŮһЩǹǼӱСӾЧãôߣһ㶼ˡ
ԭһ˲ʧ٣ҧŴҲ˵һ
ίˣͲ磬Խ֮ǰöðãֺܰԼȦӣò״һߣ˺ܺõĴѧۿž½׶ˣȴȻ
ÿ춼Ҫʽħɧţȫһǿ׳ż
ֻһС⣬ȴȻеĸ
̾ɥҪ˹ߣĸĺ󱳣Ϊʲô볤ߣ
СҲԶ̧ͷˡ
ǵǰѧУ֯ȥȴڰͬѧĿ֮ȥ
ϣЦǸС㣬˵̧ͷҲǵ
˵ûһ߾зϣһµȫûš
˵Ļشʹ˳̵ġ
ʼŬÿţ̣ܣȥ
пܳߵİ취Թѧİ취ԹòױĹһߡ
˹ץס̵֣˵Ľһ
һⱲӶͷͷˡ
̣
Ҫվ
Ʊ´Ȼſ˹Ҳվ
̧ͷԿ˹˵˵Ļп𣿡
̣ҴǶȶȫ
˹أ
©
̻վţƢ֮ǻֿʼ
֣Сָס˿˹صָ
Ҳǹ⳯㷢Ƣġھε˵ҳ߸Ҳûϵ
̣ƽʱҲ
˹ס˳̵̣Ķͷڿ˹صļϡ
ǰܳһװ˾ͺˡ̵Ƶġ
˹أҸո˵ˣ⣬㲻ͷκˣұ֤
̻ǲţѶοˣҪٷƢѹͶԲԷĹĺͺˡ
ǳֻ˵ô߾ô߰ɣи߸ЬԺȥ˾Ūһ˫ɡ
ĸ߸ЬʵǺЬеɸЬŮʿ߸ЬҪٵЬ棬Ӧܰ߰θ߸߰ס
ٸ߾Ͳˣٸ߾ǸΣԼղƽƽˤǾ͸ˡ
ԼΪӲٳߣ̷ԼħͿ˹ħûʲôӦ
ļ죬ɺ֮ǰһʱ䶼ڻ˯״̬
˹ÿ춼ڳߣÿ̵ɫò԰ʱͻιԼѪ
̵ʱʱÿۣܿ˹ڴߡ
ʱ˹ڿ飬ʱ˹֡
óÿʱ򣬶úܰģܰȫ
øˣëѩϮÿһģķӣݶбģĻѩ࣬ȻҪ
ñѩѹӡ
ڸõһݶõܷż٣ȥǱ﹤˴ӰһСﻻӣӣõòӰѩȥ
õʱѾںһȺ
˳ʲôõܣôãûмˡ
˵ʱתתǾܳ࿴˼ۡ
õӣһһ߶԰˵˳úܺÿ
˵Ժͺˣ˵۾Ư˵˵۾ꡣ
˶Ǻᡣõ˵ûгͷǡ
Ӻˣ˵ʹ𣿡
õܣҲɣ
꣺Ǵ˿϶ûн顣
õܵͷǱûŮˣ˻ᣬҲŽ顣
ʮûĲ٣һ˽ӡ
õܣǴ˵𣿡
ͿһǳҪְλֻε͵Ρ
õܾûĶǰõܻû˼ǣ΢Ƶǿ飬ǰԹۣ˸еҸʳΪõһڳǱﵣҪĸλ
ȻǾʹôĶõܵġ
õȴҡͷ˵ֻǸͨͣЩ򵥵Ļ
겻ţ˰ɣ㻹ûǣһϲ㡣
õЩ̾˿ҪǴϲҾͺˡ
ɴ۾
õܣҳòÿǿҵġ
õܲټش⣬ֱʣ뵽ǱȥŮͣ
æͷҲǣΪԼܸɻͲ
ֻõȴ˵ҪˣǱﲻȱˣúøɻһǣǰ첻𣿡
ЦЦѵԼĶ𣿡
ǰɴûĻᣡ
ڳʱûлԸɣǸŮˣСܶطҲȥ
ҰҲһ־ͻᱻֻ֣Ǽһûѹյĵز
ܿԼһ˵ʳˣദʱûǹɾϢˣڷ߷﹤·ְǸѧЩľջ
ڰ껹õ˵ʱһתͷȴ˲ԶӰ
ǷǳǳˣͷϣΪЩԶ꿴ֻ̫ʶסõܵӣָ֣˵ķ˵ˣ
˲䷴Ӧ֪⸽ǿȻ·ûǰȫģܣҪиĸһ㵽ȥ
һߣǶ㵽ȥ꼤ˡ
õȴվԭأ۾ϸϸȥȺˡ
ߣǿõ¶ЦǰغͿˡ
վԭأˣ
õܵͷʿˡ
ɴ۾ʿ
СŮ޸ʿΡ
ʿ͹ǲһսһʶ֣壬ǸӢۡ
ŮǸкһϲӢۡ
ݺ;˼ûм棬ֻ֪ԷʿҲǿҵĺøС
õЦ˵ߣһȥ
Щɵ
õܾһܹȥ
ĿʿˣǴúܺ񣬶Ƥëɵ磬ǿɣϣǳĶ飬ǴԼʵ·ڰغͿ
ǰغͿĵһˣΪ˸˲ٴۣȥǺͲԼȥҪѵǮȫ˹壬Żˡ
ǵθڶܴ󣬳˰ϿӾѺõıʾΪǰʧ˺ܶʳԸЩˣܸˣȡѵһһ
Ϊ˱мϿӾЩë̺
Ǻܺõë̺ʮֺʵ¡
˳˰غͿһһ硣
һ˳ȥ˴˻Ҳȫûջ
ĿģʿЩѩߣţľ弸ƽǣǲʱһŰ峵ѾûвƲˡ
ԭؾסĳУǰܻʳĲƲȫóȥˣڰߵʱֻʰһ㶫缸Żȥ̺ӡ
Ȼʿ˵Ǵǵǵġ
ǲûţֻΪԼˡ
ūˡ
ǻȥܱȶúá
ǻʵʵظʿһ·ðź磬ѵذ˹
ǵ˫Ѿˣ·ϻ˲ˡ
ÿ춼ܺȵÿóԷʱʿ˾ͻѣȻôչްһֵʳʳû֮ǰ͸ʯͷһԺ󣬾Ŵ
ʳܶ࣬ʿ˻ר˼ͷ¿ʳİ峵
ÿԷʱ򣬾ǾҸʱܺȵԵζʳ
شˣõסͷ԰Ц
ؿҲЦǣ㿴ǿ׳ˡ
ǰߣȥϴϴ跿ˮ
ͷǸϴ裬ô˵Ҳע
ʱܻðһЩֵֹĴʣöˣҲЩʵ˼
ǣأ
һ˵Ҳȥϴ裬ǣÿЩˣеطһ£øǷñӣͷԺ
ϵֺ˱䣬˵ǣһȥпϸ
ͷٸյˮȣȱǼˣñһԺʭӵҴڡ
ϼҴҵشӳǱܳһһǣΪʲôʿ˻ʱң
ǣҵʱû뵽
ûмʣͷؿһۡ
ȻѾΪ˴˵ͣæۣԼס£Ϊ
͵ְλ϶ȥϿɲᵱϺˡ
ȰǴȲȥ˵
ȲСѾȫƵؽȥˣȲֺܴ󣬲ɹ©硣
ϣڹȲ㼸衣
ǺܿͰտϵҪȥˡ
ƽҲ춯߳˼š
ҽ㣡
ҵܵܣ
壡
뿿Լˣס
ǳԵ㶫ϴ裬ûʭӣ챧һС
ڣط䣬Ҫ˿ûǣ
ƽǲȥҲҿ
ֻĿ߽Ȳ֡
¼ԲֻͯĹ¡
õЩʵ


52 
ˣʲˡܼ˳̵ķš
ʲǧ, ڴ޻, һܼҾæ̡
Ѿæʱûг, ڳߵĹܼһȴûжʣûǴڳ̷Ŀ˹ء
ڹܼΪ̲𻰵ʱ, Ȼ˳̵ȵȵȣϳ
̵ҲһЩ, ԭ˵, ȴдһ˿ɳƣ̵ܼʱ, ͷƤ顣
ĳڴ·ǰһƬɫŤƣǻţһǺɫĻƳĵóƤף׵Ľ԰ףվڴǰſ˫, ˹ظ̴·Ȼվڳǰ, ΢ϵ
ϴЦЦر˱Լߡ
֪ǲΪ, ⼸쾹Ȼڸ˼֡
ÿﶼζ˹ضԱߵʱ򣬷ԼȻһЩ
ԭ̾һҵӣԼӦһߵһ߶
̵Ҫ󱾾Ͳߣ㣬˶ݹ֪ĻΪ콵ƣ䵽˳̵ͷϡ
ֻǸ˹ر̻ԵЩС˹ص̫ˣ̿ſ˹صĴȣһأӵԼϡ
ڸˣ˹΢Цſ̣ǹεЦ۵ȴд˳硣
̿ſ˹ص۾̫ˣҽԶһ
ԼΪʱ伸ûʲôϳһС̿ˣԭһӤʧӰ٣ڵĳѾӡ
ܼҸ˵꿪ʥԺҪ˹ˡ̲̫ˣʥԺһóʱ䶼֯ߣֿĵػ˵ǻĵأĵô죿
һֻһΣʥԺʹ˵Ұݣ˼ҲΪ̻ÿõĵҰݡ
̲ԸʥԺ֪ԼӵжٶҲΪ˰ȫǡ
˹ЦȻ֪ԼħѵҲ취𣿡
̱죺Ҫҳɫ
˹أ
˹زΪħġɫħ˵ԻͲٿرˣɫһϵ
ôΪ˹Ҳóֻ˵ҪȻ
̿ۿ˹أ㶼ˣȥˣ
˹ûסЦ
ƫͷһ벻Ҫ룬Ƿ֣Ǳ񣡡
ûٶ˵˹ţ̿첽߳ȥԹܼ˵߰ɣȥʲ
˵껹ͷ˿˹һۡ
˹̯֣ʼ
ȥֶαض򵥴ֱֻǳˣҲԸ͡
óҲóԶ
ңͦϲżԵķԡ
ܿɰһ˳̡
ó̵ĹͷĹѪ̳븹һһ˷
ȹԺ󣬳׿˹˵ġܿơԼʲô˼ˣͺһأȫرգͺͨûʲôϸ˵Լһ𣬳֮ǰԼǶûйرպ
ǲѧģֱıܡ
ʲѾˣϵѩѾˣڱ¯ǰ˸ʲȥˮˮʲϧһڿںţʲתͷȴȻ֮һֶ˵
ƺÿˡ
ɫ峺꣬ƺһۿ͸˵꣬沿ǰԣɲ˾Ӳʹ
پµ˼޵ˣʲʱʲ촽΢΢ſȴαϣǱôªֻҪλסĳǱ
ʲſ˫ۡ
ʲѾɵˣûӦͱ̱סˡ
ӵת˲ţʲʱӵѾˣܲζԹԼôû
ˣطһǮڰƶ仨ŪˡʲȲֱԼɮžŰʮһѣ޳
գգۣʲЦҽһҪúд㡣
ȷʵܷḻѧµİ취ӵĥɵǷ֣ټˮ棬𣬰֮ǰԹ̣һζ
ôȥȣڳһ⡣
ּǵ⣬п࣬ĿƤ֮ѹ࣬ӵһ裬ǷǳʿڵζųԼֱ˼ζ
ȻҲ⣬ǰ֪ԼúţͰеıһ㣬Ժϣ㣬õ⽹ǰȿҧһ滹Ѫ˿ȴǽģڸвôζҲô
ѾƣʱռһҰٴα˾ƣţͷչЩƣѾƱһĸãǾԺ
ʲܹܶطʶʳʳʵǧƪһɣԶҲˣֻڳŻĿһ¡
ˣҹһ󡣡ʲ̷˿ӣԼҲæµ档
ʲǲѧÿӣֻ̫ˣʵѧᡣ
̺˿Ѿƣʣʲô˵
ֻҪֺ̫ͼѣӦʲ
ܰ޻ȫĴʲǸ˲ţֻҪ˲ţ;ԲܷŹ
ʲˡﰲҡ
ˣĸҲˣ游Ҳˣһ˴ûиļңһڲͣһط̫ͣá
ĸտʼΪһλµʱ㣬ʱ䳤ˣڹͺûʲô𣬵һ£ˡ
Ϊʱڹ㲻ĲƲҪ
Ūˣõ˵ĲƲɲһ¡
Щ忴òҲûõǮ˵ˡ
ڱ˵ĵϣû͸û
ڣʲ밲ˣһƯһͻļòĺõչˣһĴûС
Ҹһֱûн飬ʲһŮūģǸŮūʲͱ취õƽݣ޸һƽ
ʲֻǸ׺ŮūĽײ׳ŵŮūһƽݣһͨҸδ
Ůūúȥ
ʲҲһ飬лӣԼĺĸס
һطңżȥ̣һܲѡ
ûиôҰģǸͨˣԣҸȵھҹĿվԼи̵С
ԼȥʴȣʲҲ֪Լڽһġ
̵һڴӦסҪĹء
ʲһ
̣ѩԺٽӰɣҵʱ˸ָһأҪ𣿡
ʲ룺ؾȲˣһżȥ̡
̣Ҳԡ
޻֮ʲˣγʮǺһЩ
ʲ뿪󣬳ʱغͿ㱨ˣȥһȦԱ뿪ǰˣܵеŲʱ⣬ã
ǮʹߵǸˡصͷȥ̵Ȼ˴ˣʧĶ̫࣬Ըڡˡġֵ
̵ʲôðغͿǮͶʱ򣬾ЩǮͶȫ׼ֲǶܴӡ
ֻǸԭ뷨֮𣬱ϾʼΪͲػǮˡ
ǻ˲ٵǮ˻
ǮѾȥˣںҲܡ
û£ĺܺá̰οδ˶ˣźסͷ𣿡
ÿ˶һ̣ϵ˶ѾϰΪˡ
أźˣǶԼˣȻ˵㣬Ҳеطס
ͷҲˣҲϴˣûж·ָǡ
̵ͷЩҵĲܣûҵһһ硣
һ粻಻٣̫ܳԱҲ㲻ϳԺãϻе
ɺóϰߡ
Ƕʶ֣̻ǽд
Ͷ߲ʳ
Ҫ븻·
ϧǿӰ˳̵ķӡ
ϵƽǶѾ˼ңҲݵĿ֪˳״
˲ˡһ߳ԿĿ磬һ˵뿪ǰļţϺܶˣ֪ǶĻǶġ
Ż裬ůֻһҲ䣬ֻ̣ķ϶С˾ͻǺ˶ſԺȥڰѣԼŪ׵ı¯ͲᱻǺסˡ
Ҵңݳ꿨磬ڲϣԼ˵һΪһҲˡ
ԭΪԼҲǼû뵽Էôã·ʳԣнʵ©粻©ķס˵أĲ͹һÿÿٶѶƤԵñġ
ڳ̿ǳªЩԭʼǿܹĺӼֱǰġ
ЩϢ֮󣬾Ϳʼˣһһ磬ԸӼãһֱӼã˶ѡ°ͲԺؼҲ·һЩĲͷԼ
ò̫࣬ŮǶԸȥ߻֯
˿Ʋ֯У߾Ͳˣܶ˷ĳ߸̷ĵĲࡣ
ֲǳ̣߷Ĺ¿ɲԸǶϰ̫˷ˡ
ֻɵܷߣ˲ȥǾȥ
͵ûܿҵ˹
Щ͵ĳҲܣ˺ܿһһҲûˣֻҼҪʱˣҲһõĳԵԽԽ٣Ҳܲ˶ӵĿֻ࣬ܳȥһɡ
ҵ֮Ҳû͵Ϊ÷飬һɵòãÿ˶Ҫܷ
õȴòҪ˼죬ɢ˾ͻõѵڶͻ׵ĺúøɻ
˶СŻȶ
ֺе˶ˣ鷳ͻࡣ
ȥĸѩҲ󣬻˼α̼û߳ǱȷʵøһЩôηڱ¯ǰ͸оůˡ
֮󻹵ȥʥԺ˰
ΪܶƽǶģûᣬǽͷ˰ڳϡ
ύµԺҪ˰ˡ
ȥƽͲС
ÿϴȥʣЩûԸҳūģֻҪūԷͲؽ˰ˣÿ꽻̵ĵ⣬ʲôǮظ
̲ûжԸ⡣
ֻȥһʣܱȲúá
ٲȻ˳ܼ⣬صĸֱ仯ÿϵĵλõԵڰȶÿ°ʱȥһЩ˵ʳ
ɻɡ
Ҳ֪ôܡ
ˮ㣬Ƕġ
ܰ˶ʥˡ
ʩˣԼһ±׼رߵˣֻͨ˵ĵ±׼ڡ
Ϲһ˴֣ˣҲ𽥱ö
Ȼ˵ۣһҲʲôá
Ǳһֻۣûᡣ
ȥ˰ңЩ˵ˣ̹˵˼Ӧܺ˵
ϽˮҲȣŵһ߾Ͱ˵ˣ˵˼ǣԸãԸҲǿ󣬲ĸˣǹҵūǱ߸㡣
Щᣬǡ
Ͼʣʲô
˽¹ϵã˺ֱ׵˵ڵʱҲģҪǴԺ󱻵ȥطأµǾūˡ
͹ɲūˡ
ƽٻڹȥʱ뿪
ϵͷҲ˵ˣҪΣܼһϰǵֻ
ȻʥԺƹܵϣûϢͨڣҪֽźܼ򵥡
绮һ˵ֱ֣ӱĻܵòϣֻҪ̳һ飬˾ͿԸգΪһµˡ
ֻȨ
鲻˶дġ
Ҫӡ²á
ſϣò⡣
ʱ˵룬ԺǼֻ⣬˰һʡ¶ʳ㻹и磬ͶСˣҪǽ¡
ǳū˭ҽ飿
գգۣʲôѵϻūӡ𣿻ǰһܳȥߣʳǮԼġ
С˵Ҫһ¡
һò⣬ΪūĺôԶ׼ҲԶ׼
ڣһӦˣûˡ
Ҳǿָ˼֮󣬾ʹȥ˼ҡ
˼ҲʾԼҪǡ
ֻ˼һڴӦ
Ӧˬ죬ΪǼ˶࣬Ҳ˶ɥʧͶҪô̫СҪôܹˣȻסһº١
ʥԺ˰ǵͻѹܶࡣ
ƽľūǵͼ˺ܶࡣ
ճϢÿ첻õĿҲõİżҲͬ죬Ϊҹ˺üԡ
ūǵĺڲػĸʳԼͺӣ֪˭Ҳͯ
Ůؾȥĺӻһ꣬ոѧ·߲˼Ƕû⣬Ůؾڷ߷﹤ӾͷԱߣʱӵİְҲЩʳ
߷﹤ľ󲿷ֶŮˣŮؾҪȥֵʱԱߵ˾ͻտӡ
ⲻŮؾһӣǵԼʮǰƺһӣʱƺֻʮ꣬߸Сӳɹܿˡ
ʱ¶ֻС
Ůūĺӣܻĺ٣ʴȡ
ڶεĸףȴһ֪ĸʲôо
Ůūܾ˺üϸһ˯ūӳ֮ǰ׼ˣɵȱ˸ɵö࣬Լһ䷿ӡ
ԺͺһסúðѺ
񡭡κһͨĸһ


53 
ĶʱȥʱѩѾ, ɽ겻û, ˼ȭͷС, ʱߵ˺Щˣ˵ĵطࡣ
ҺǸʱûг߶, ԷƱڵӹ, Ҽ, Ƶڴһ졣
ûʲô̻·ʱͷԼǰĻơ
Դǰ֮󣬻ƾҲûƶλ, һԼƤиûлƵƤûʲô
˹һԿţֻǳı־ѡ
̡ŶһȻʮҵ˵ҺǺڵģɫҲ̫ɧˡ
˹أ
Ӻףȥͼֽ
޻ˣҪľȥ޻ѣ׳ơ޻
޻ôĳ̲֪ǽ֪ġ
Թһ㲢òֹѡȸϴԼЧʲ֪ߵȥ, Ϊһ˾ܲԲ˷Ѷ
͸ܸ˵ĵȽṹ, հڵĹˮƽƻҪһ·ûʱȥĥ, ֻһһ
޻ҲǱֳãֲҲֻԼù
Ͼ޻ũкмĻˣҶصķҪܸߣˮҪҲܸߣͬʱ溦Ϊ˲ó溦ӵأרŸ޻Ȧһء
Щ޻Ҳ֪ʲôʱ֣׼֣ɹ֣֮ǰأɹ죬Ȼˮ
Ϊڵĵطʾũҷʣʵûôãܳɹ޻ժ֮Ҫͣһȣػָʩũҷʣٴθ֡
ܵû˵޻Ǻʱˣһܳɹ
ܳɹ˾飬ǺôҲġ
ٳ̾궬죬ԼӦþޱˣޱһ̺ӣԼһ˯ӦҲ䣬˹˯ЩΡ
˶ˡ
ÿʱ̶Ρ
ϾǸʱã˹ֵ׳꣬ڷڣʱƳ⣬˾һһҪƴ̵ļơ
öذͼֽùȥ̴֣Ժ󣬶عȻ⡣
æ˵ƽԶƽʱ۵;ߵ˳̵ǰƽʱʲô£ҲԸöȥɡ
صĻ٣Ĭԣһһͻʵȥɡ
ĬĬ£ȴᱻעˡ
Ϊοæͷ̻עⲻ
ȥǡ̶Զ˵вľңҪʲôֻᣬ𣿡
ؽӹƤֽͷˣˡ
ߺ󣬳̻ԼƤֽʣƤֽһš
԰ˣΪʲôҪƤֽԼֽˣ
ֽܳΪĴԭģ
ۣȡҲףֻҪһξͻΡ
Ϊ۵ͣǲõ
֪ʶת
þƤֻֽ˲õ
ȻйŴҲܹ󣬺˵Ҳƶ񣬵ֽ֮ǰŷ޺õöࡣ
ֽõľ鲼ŷʱҲ鲼ֽ鲼ֽǻưɫľֽЩ΢鲼ֽĺôڱľֽǰ׼򵥡
Źսľֽȡ鲼ֽ
ڻ鲼ֽ̣̾۸񻹲ͣҲ֪ζôͨ̾ʲô
ҰĲضԿ˹˵Ҫ˶Ҿһռ˻ͼˣ
˹һɻ
̴Ƥѥҵ˹ܼңȫܿ˹رԼ
̰ԼֽļƻѸٵظ˹ܼҡ
̧ܼͷϵÿһƶдã
̣˵Ĳ𣿡
ܼҺװԼӣϧȫһֶû˼һʣˣ˼ǣ飬ƤֽƵĶ
ҡͷơ
ܼҸԻˡ
ȭͷһ˷ܵ˵ȡƷֽһȫȡƤֽԺҲдкֽܶԸá
ܼ֣ûмƤֽܼҸûãֻëľддд֮ˮϴɾ֮
Ȼֵķ۸Ҳֽܵ϶Ǳľõġ
Ҳô߰Ƥֽ
ܼϸֽĺô
ᣬܱܼʣǲǺ׻𣿡
ܼ˵մˮܱ׾˺飬ûƤֽá
̣
Ȼסˣ
֪ô
Һó̻бļܣһƲ۾һ⣬ܲ˵ҾҪֽҲܣ
ˣÿһرļܡ
ֻ˵һ仰ܼҾͶˡ
ô˵ҾôܼȻ֪Ϊʲôôִţǳ̷ˣһĿĲݵӣͻòҷô࣬һƺҲûʲô⡣
ˣУǾô˵ˣ׼һЩˣרֽ
ƤҪƣɽԺҪ֯ƽɹá
ƵĲãֽûԣһ飬ֽǲõġ
ִİֽ׵ã۵ǧǻۡ
ǻıٳɵġ
ʵ˽Խ࣬̾;йŴͶǻۺʹǳԽʱģܶˣʵͶߣƵţƶ䵽ϵޣѧϰ޷֯
ȻԪԪ䣬ص磬Ѽ̸˼ŮԣҸĸ޷֯еͷ֯
ûܹϵͳĽ֣ܶⷽȴû˱Ĩɱ
ϧչǰ˵ǻ۶ɱˡ
ںܳʱûгµȥǰ˵ķ
͸ʱ߲ע
ҪСκһûϵķŷ޵ĹҵҲǴݻʼġ
ֽǻ۴ûȡ֪ʶıǮ͡
̸Цк壬ް׶ǽ֪ʶܱۻȡĻϵġ
ʶֻ֣ٲ˵ר
̶Թܼ˵Сֽһűֽգܲˮͣһ˺ͻ飬Ըı磡
ܼң
ǵһοģҲûз
˻Ǹӣϲ棬Ǿ棬ֲǸۡ
ǰǿʼһ屻ֽЩ˶ɹܼģֻˣϸɵġ
ͳɹļֽëԼȡᡣ
Լ˵ǸŬˣֻҪһõľܲʵǡ
ȻѡеʱɲֽҪʲôⲢûд顣
˵ֽѾûпõķˣҲû취ڶ½ȲҲ˰ȥֻֽܴӣøɲݶЩ©磬˱봩ĺܺ񣬳⣬һѩ͵ϰѶᵽڡ
ֽĹˣ˵й࣬ӵġ
ȻҲֻܶ࣬Ҫб仯ǵÿ˶ܻһǵİġ
ʼʱƵĲãֽ͹ƽһ顣
Ⲣûд̵顣
ֽ֪һģôǰڵʧܾͿԻ۾飬´λһʽһĳԣһҵȷķʽ
һδ֪ʱ׷
֪
ܼᶨġ
ÿһֽ㱨һʹ飬һ˵ʧܵʱ򣬳̶ᰲοǣβУ˵´ξͿˣֻʧܲҵµķ򣬲Ҫ´ġ
ֻҪܶԣ´һǧζֵá
ֽĸǹܼҴӹѡ˼ϸ壬ƢҲõˣƢ˲ʺȥֽ
µڳõһͨοȥҲοΪٴʧܶɥˡ
˵ˣǴһǧΣֻҪһΣǰĴмֵģµĴɤź
ǡ
һǧΣ
Ҳ̫ˣ̫ˣ
˿϶ʧģ
Ҳɥ˵һǧΣ˾㲻ǣҲûˣ˶ǿöࡣ
ֽ̳ȵģǺܴ࣬޷ۣ΢ͻࡣ
ˣֽ̳ôȣҲûõκγɾ͸С
ֽܴ죬ǱߵĽҲ˳ڰȷʵɣһ츳ǿ˼֮ҵ˰취ǽֽˡ
ԣҲȷʵܰ޻Ѱ
Ĺͼ򵥶ˣõ޻ռ޻߷ߣĺõٽ֯
ޱֻ̲֪ܰѳƷӸ֯ԼôʧҲ˷޻ˡ
⵹ס֯ˣֻ֯֯Ҫѧ˾֣ޱµĶ޻ɱӣô붼ѡ
ʼİ취Ȱ֯ɲȻٰȥѵ޻ȥ
취̷ˡů޻ܣһҲȡ
̵Ǽǵޱ޻ѹʵȻһ̶µ˵ԺǾͿʼԽڼҲʧ˼Σ֯һŮؾ˰취
ڰľϸϸܰȵڳϣȻϸľߣؽ֯ƣ֯ϸܵĴȻѲϴɹɵ޻ϸͲѹȥһ֯һ
ôһ֯Ͱıձߣÿһָĵطһߡ
ޱ͸ִĺˣ޻ܣ׼õı׺󣬾ޱˡ
̸ޱͿ˹˯һ˶ˡ
ͦõģֳ޻ҾˣҲûвģ˷ܵ˯ˣӿ˹Թӿ˹صĻ˵ԼıӣԺԼ˯ˣ
˹صеڡ
תͷһۣЦ˵ʮ֮ǰʲôҲֿ˯Ҷá
ǲÿ𴲸˹ƴ̵ˡ
ֲĵαء
˹ز׳ΪʲôʮôִţҲʣʲô¶ɵģЩ޷⡣
̴˸ǷϾͲˣ鷳˯ˡ
˵꣬̾Ųߣ֮ǰһ굽˹صĻ˯ֻʣ¿˹˯һԣԼյĻ
ڶϣ̾ټޱ취ŮؾŮؾŮ˲ֵͬģָֻһǻСšһҰǿҰֻҪֻмϣѾܿ
ŵĸڵؾм䶼㽿Сġ
Ҳ˵͹ڵϷȫû̧ͷһۡ
Ҳûж˵ֻǷԸͣһƥ鲼Ͱƥ޲·ǱʲôֻҪʲôˡ
뿪ʱ򣬿Ż̿˼ͷ
ĵʵϼˣͷҲˣĳѪ
æ˰ȥ˿ڡ
ذడҪ˿ڸȾô죡
ڿûȾҪһӴ֯˽ϸߵĵλ
רŴޱ֪뵱ͽܡ
ޱʱ򣬶ѾҪˣϵѩʼڻѩǼȽ䣬֮Ը˲٣ޱĺܺʵʱһ˸ȫˣҲƤ̺
˳̰ԼƤ̺һ˿˹ء˹ûҪ
Ƥ̺˹ܼҡ
Ƥ̺ͳȥ̵ޱĪʧˣ
ұأʶء
ǳصҲ¶ҵɫ
һȺ˰ѳ̵ķͳǱܲضĵط˸׳죬Ҳûҵޱ
ֻг̿ࡣ
ˡ̶˵ȥϢɣ֪Ķˡ
һ±ƣ̷ԸˣҲֻ¡
ֻ̲ЩΡ
˹ֻ̫ϲˣǷֿ˯ȷʵ˶ðϲ̶
ҿ˹زħʵӰ죬ֻܹ
ȥ˿˹صķ䣬˹صķš
û˿š
ɤӣǾѩԣ˹㿪Ű治֪ڼң
仰꣬Ȼžʹˡ
˹سڳ̵ǰ
ʱĿ˹һͷڷֻһ㣬ЩȴԵӷףʲôû¶ʵظкˮӼϻˡ
ʶĺһܸܵ˹ϵȻ˿ĭ
˼룬żԼģʮʣǲǰҵޱˣ
˹ؿ˳һۡ
˵ί
̵˲ͱˣʯҲ˲俪ʼԼǲʲôԥԥ˵㡢뷨ֱ˵رӡǶ಻á
˹б˳һۡ
Ǽֱ
̾ԼıѪҪˡ
˵ˣ𣿡˹صᣬκβҲί
ֻôĬԼѳ̵ޱġ
̣ܻᡭɣ
˹˫ֻصĿų̡
̾˿ðɣһ˯ޱңòģҲ˯ùܼ˯
÷֯һǣвУ
˹رǿĵͷ
̯֣ұأ
ǳ̾Ϳ˹شӣ·ߣó۵õıӡ
̣
صûͦ
Ļˡ
ȥøܼҡ̱ӣһ˵´㲻ˡ
˹ڵ۾ų̡
ܲ˵ƿĿ⣬ȥ˹ص۾ֻ˵㡢ҡ
űˣ¿˹վſڿų뿪ıӰ
һܼܵǰܼҵţѱ˸տŻһ±ƵĹܼңʮ˵ǣҸžȣ÷֯Ūġ
˵ˣɲܼҽǰ
һͣͳ˳谮Ļˡ
ŵ˿Ѱ


54 
ϴɹ޻ɲôɣܼ˯һޱ, ʹԺ, ܼҲ˵ˣ̫ˡ, űӣҹоԼҪѹ, ˼Ҵ
̣
˯ʱûš
ԣ˯ʱп˹, ڿ˹صϡ
ɡ
ô, ô޻ޱֱů, ģ
̿Խ޻
޻ǸգõĹ߾һ˿ɲһ޻ЧʲͣҪõĲϾľͷţ
ھʮǰûгʱޱҪ˵޻
һһԵ˽޻⻹˲еЧ, Ҳ㵯޻ʱ䣬ֻ˵ޱ, һҲ
õ޻ѹ֮֯ĥõϸϣѹ޻ܸõ, ȵڶȥһ޻չůޱ
ڵǣľͷ׵ãţѵá
ɱţȡ붼Ҫ룡
ֻͷţΨţ˵ɱȡɱǳ⣬̶᲻ã׼͵͵һͷĸţܲء
ͷţصĴܺãţÿ춼ҪɨʱҪǣȥÿ춼иɲݽżܳԵĿ磬ҶҲܰԡ
չţţͷˣԼΪﶼţ֣ţͷչţʱϸġ
ֻǶʱţͷ˺ܲסΪʲôͷţƽʱɵûûһ˿ö࣬ȴͷţôã
ϡΪţͷǲ
ţţͷ˸ţιһѸɲݣţŹԵýζ
ţͷ˼߶ôǹôá
ţţͷ˵Բݣ;̧ͷţͷ˽ţͷָιѿҶţˣͷԸͣ
ѼӣѼӷСѼ٣ڶòˣԵö࣬Ҳ࣬չѼӵÿѼᶼҪʱ䡣
ڻֻǰΪҰȻС󣬵һҰԣ˶ܴһˣҪϴ裬ŵСŮѾרҵˡ
ǰŪúܸɾȦҲܸɾҲ鷳ʳŪ˵ġ
Ҳû֪ôԶԼ⡣
ʱȥԣȦһͷߣЩ˶ܵÿ죬ӻ飬ҵûԸˡ
ȻˣҵɱЩԭöࡣ
ЩΪúõ
֪ʱ򻹇һ
Ȼ֪û뵽ǻԹĹ
˵ҲʳҰǻģ͸èӡһСʱһֱΪèֻӣв֪ԭèʳ껹һţɽϵè͵͵ɽһ˼
ǻ˼һͦʱץסС͵
Ȼܳ⣬ǺôãûôҲû˷ʳ
˸ȦԺȥԾͿǣȥˡ
ЩûǺģеʨǺëȫɫë֣ϵëʢӴԴС
ҲִһظǳƨССģһͺܽý
һ磬ͨס
ʱֻһΧҰҰ¹Խ˵ҪԵġ
ҲҪġ
ŵ˰ʳǳԣȾϼ档
ʱ̿ûطȥҴҩ
ʱ˹شȺħҲȥﱧСҰСҰȸԭҰֿŵദһʱǼ棬ԭȵҰΪŵǡ衱ΪҰԼġֵܽáҲͽˡ
Ƕŵ꣬ŵƨɺܣвϤ˽ӽŵ꣬ǻᷢĵͺ
ŵҲ˸š衣
ŵ겢ϲԼС
ûвõġ
ԼҰȥȥҰˣܰȫǻڣһͷȥͷߣͷͲڲݴڣһΣգͻᷢС
ŵߵͷҰͻṰŵ뿪
֮˶ϿɣõԳԣûҪ
̶Щˡ
ȻûҲͦõġ
ǻѧȥ̶ĵطű㣬ÿΣҪŵ
Ϊŵϴ裬壬Ҳȥȥϵļ档
̾ȥ
˵Ƭ½롰ѧչʱʱûԹͳﹷֻͳˡ
ԺǶǣ䡣
ǳ뻹ͦ˼ģ
ǲ֪ЩҰܳ󣬳ԼͬѧС
ĳֱ¡
ֻһֹҰĳ󣬵СۿɰغɫСҰһӶ󣬶ҵӺСû˵ȫֻʣһʮֻе󣬾ëӲѾˡ
ЩҲͦ׽̵ģʱ򻹻͵͵ǱҺϲ࣬Ҳû̫ܣЩἯߣó̿ŵʱ̵ķ䣬ڳ̵Ľ²䣬óǡ
ǵһʱ򣬳̻һҲæҪҰߡ
ҰΪҪ̣͵ڳǰǰڳļơ
Ҳ£úõߣһ
ԺҰżڳǱǶֲˡ
ֻҰζ׽˹أһ˹سڳߣƴķУ֮óͷ綷
Ұǻ͵͵ȥЩֵֹĶ
һǻһѸն̵Сè
⵹˻غ£Сèǳÿ죬Ʋ£Ϳʼ׽ˡ
ҰҰˣԺèһһķ羰ߡ
ҰľʢԽԽ󣬻ǸصʱæǰѼ׵ľҰ˩ϣҰͻԹԵء
ܴԣأû˴Ұˡ
͵͵ҰιԼҵĿ硣
̣ҾԺûˡ
˹ؿȺܲˬȥɱˣ⣬òã
æ˵Ҿͦõġ
˹ؿų̡
̴ʧɫĴ׶ԣ
˹أ
̿˹ƫͷһģĲشչȥҲǹģȺҲǾҡ
ֻҪҳ̣ͱȻҪֹ˹ؽӽ̡
˹ز˵
̱ס˹صĸ첲ȥֽô
ȥ˹ص۾
˹ٴתͷ
̾ƶŤ塣
˹һվ
̣
Ŷ̵ˡ
ͨվС˵Ҳǹġ
ֻܵյһȥֽ
ֽһͿʼæµˡ
ĺ磬컹ûȫͳ嵽ֽ
ϰ˸ΣҲֽμԼѿҶµĸ˸Ƥһ𣬾Ϳ۵ֽ
ֽõʱȻֹһ۾ҲϴͷҲץЬͳֽ
̵ֽʱֽ˶æµ
ֽʱԭϵýƣʯңЩʯʲͻġ
ʯʯɷĩƵʱһ㶼ܳ
ƤͿһһֱð
濴Щģ֪Щûк
ÿһʱҪƿӿһҹҲͣ
ֽ˶취ʲô˶УƤҲ١
˲֪ŪŪ˰ѣƤ˰һ󣬹֪ʱŪǸʲô⡣
÷ֽ֣֯Ǻܿ죬鲼һ޻С
Ȼ֪ûãٸ˳һο
ҹ˹һ˯ʱܲ˵Ҳ̫ˣ
˹һֻų̵ļ򣬳̱ȿ˹С˯һʱ򣬿˹ܰѳ˶ڻ˹ص°͵ڳ̵Ķͷϣʣôˣ
Щܶ𺦡Ƶģ֪ȴûͣ֡
ԼҲЩеһԱھθлûôǿ
˹صЩ⣺ʲôûµġ
ĳ̵ıʲô¶հǰ˺ʲô¶úá
΢΢ͷ촽ڳ̵Ķͷһǣ˯ɡ
Ŵڿ˹صĻȴһҹδߡ
̲ͬ˯úüˣ̫ۣһȥ˯ˣڶƽֽֽɲУֽûаá
ô˺ü죬갾ֽźá
ϣ𴲣ֽͣ˻𣬵ֽԺ󣬾ľ
ľ±ŵɴǳϸܣѸٵֽɴƽȻϣиõľͷʯͷѹдˮ
Ȼľȥɹ
һֱǶܺãɹðůģ۾ûһ뿪ľ
磬̫Ҫɽʱ򣬰ֽ
ǰһһֱʧܣֽƲһȥˡ
˿ĭᣬָֽʱĸ߸ߵ
û顣
ɴ۾ס˫סǣѸٵذֽ
ֽ紵˻ȣСİֽ
ɹˣ
סԼ졣
ԼȡֽģôȴûмһɹʧܰŴ˿ʣλɣԼѡǲһ
Ȼڣôһűģûֽȴ˶õ
˻˼ˡ
ʧܶٴΣֻҪɹһΣǰʧܶǺġ
ʧܣٳεĳɹ
ӯͷһᵽɹĸо
Ȱֽصֽʱ򣬲⣬ǲΧסˡ
ֽ
ñᣡ
Ĳ飡
ꣿʲô
꣬
꣬һάģ
һֱڿޡ
ֳɹҸ˵һ仰ֻĬ档
ֽС͵˳̵ϡ
ֽɫ΢ƣȴϸ壬ëֽдī˳ɢīҲأеСѧʱҵëǮһ֣ôǿá
ǦʵĻãΪ΢еɢīдֲ̫
дģڹܼһֵķš
ܼҿдָ꣬Ǹ˵ˣͼκܺãơ
ҲûǸ֣ͷҲúܺá
跭ֵȡܲ
˵ֵȡĻ֣гغȻһȻǧշǸȻڴүӽ֣ȻתͷһͬһСĸкȻġ
Ƚ⣬ֱСͽгر
һϼƣǷֵ䣬һҳĵһ־ǳ̵
ǳ̾ˡ
ƭȡ׵ʫ䡰̺ӡ
еʱ̲֪Լ׺޹ϵĸҵһ֡
СʱԼдʦһٱ顣
ʱʹ⣬ԺȡȡʻٺЩģһͺܲ
йظĸ£Ͼ¶Цݡ
ǵļ嶼ԼļһգȻ̵ļֻгһˣǼһջҪġ
̳°ɡ̶Թܼ˵
ܼҵͷ֣صİֽ
ֽԺ󣬾綼ˣֽĴʦÿҪľȥֽţѲص̱ôƤи˺ʯҵıôñɾֽɴ̵ĸȡ
ĳͺܶ࣬ÿ춼쵽ǵл˽һǣԼһƥ鲼Ͱƥ޲⣬ĵأ궼ؽ⣬ͷ˰Ҳؽ
ֽÿ춼ֽţЩֽŶڻڳǱķ鼮ճϼһճģճϼһ㶼̲֭׼Щ
ǰֹֻô顪֪ľ֣һһֽ۵мƣô򿪣ҲִеһַƷкܶôϽÿϡ
һָģǰֽص֮鼹ף·ơ
ϲãʤЧʸߡ
߻¶棬йɫĸо
̾ԼŪ˼ӣддռǡ
⣬̻ðǿ̳ĸһĸһľͷԭʼĻӡˢˣ׼ӡ̿飬ɨä
еľǹܼҡ
ʵϸ˵ֻйܼܹĽԼƴܶ൥ʡ
̾Ǳ׼Ļ˵д
ռõĻǷ֡
ˣдģְɣܼҲɵڿ̡ͼвپֺ˹ɣЩǳ⻭ġ
̣ԡ
Ҵţ󷽵˵Ҳ֪ܼҲж⡣
ܼЩ̾˵
̣ģҡεʱѧģ
ܼҵָڡҡϣʵˣдʲô𣿡
̣ҵ˼
ܼһ渴ӡ
ѧģ
ԭѧһѧĹܼ˲ùģʹˣۻ軨ָӵĶǲ׼ȥѧġ
Ҳû׼ѧֻԼöҲͦãռǾͲõı͵ˡ
̿鵱Ȼɹܼ׫ܼҿΡ
ֻȽĸܼȻʹˣܵ
ֽˣҪס⡣
˱ˣȴ̫סҲ㹻ķӡ
룬Կ˵˷ߵĺ֯޻⣬˶ȥڵأֻҪڵأܶĵҲҪڿ
ھʽ
ӡ


55 
ûרҵߵڣѰҿΨһ취, ڡ
ʲô, Ҳֻ֪ڵƽʱһʱ, ˮͳţԺ󲻻ͨɳһɢĻ, ˡ
ʯͷҲҪռ, ʵĴʯͷ, ƽūǶ
нʯͷҲ׸ͨʯͷֿۿɼ
ΪһƬֶڳ̵Χ, ôû⣬ܲǲҪΪˮʧԭ򣬸ԭЩҲȻϡ
ӻǲֵܷһѲӣÿ󶼱ľֻҪõĶͷŽľȥϸϸֱ档
Լй, ˶ˡ
ʱ̲ŷ֣ԭ֪, ϵ˿Ѿˡ
һ߳˵˿Ȼ࣬Ƕһׯ԰˵, ˿ھѾǳˣվڳǱ̨ϣ·վŵġǡǺ׳־ضԿ˹˵ƶ¸ǵڶ꣬ƶѾԶˣ
˹תͷų緢ӣüʣȻأ
ûбסѾˣ·ƶµĹأͬʱԼװ˲Ҳˣң
̻˵ⷿﻹкܶأ
Щֵƣһѵصľӣ٣Ҳں֮ǿĶࡣ
֮ûй˵ͷҪͱöԷ޻ء
Щһ˫˫۾ŻᱻסŻ֪Ǻǵġ
̻Ŀſ˹أôҴɣ
дˡң֡
˹ػô˵
ֻס̵֣ڳ̶޵һֱġ
һ㶼죬Բѵ˵ǣ
ſ˹ػط䣬Ѿˣ̰Լװõı̯˹ؿԼõĹ滮ͼ
ԭķ·ԺƵָŻҪй㳡Ҫл԰ΧֻܽһķӣҲû֧ţľͷʵҲԣǼ
ǰվƵձĽĿгȫסլձķӼľʽṹ˵ػҪˮ⣬ܺ͸ȫľʣһС¥
ҳ
ڵڣ̲ȫľʽṹΪڵ豸
ҵع󣬽һҲ˶ס¡
̣ʯҺʵǿԳС¥ġ
Ҳм¥Ľǿʯͷʯͷûдػ̾ͲǺˡ
Ҫиֽˮ࣬ǷӾ뽨߽ˡ
㿴ߣԺ˱ø໹ֻܴطҪأ⿪ġķǳãڳǽҾڻĽ
زŸոտʼ𲽣ڽǽӰ֮Ľ衣
˵ͷͷǵ˹Ǳһͷˮ
˵ˡ߶һ֮תͷſ˹أʣʲôʲô˵ģ
˹ޱ˵û
üͷһ壺ǲû˵
˹̾˿ˡ
̿ſ˹أ˹Ҳų̡
һ󣬳̲˵ˣİɣ͸𡭡
˹ؿ̡
ãĿſ˹أ㸺ѵʿԼʿôѵ
ҪȻðػ߿ɣôҲʿûԹӦҲܡ
˹صһְֻڳ̵ļϣ΢ЦȴɢŽ˲ʡ
ԣô
̵ûÿ˹شʱ΢Цƽʱʲô仯
ֻʳһ䣬Ǹ˾ͻ˵ͬһ𰸵⣺𣿡
Բ֪ˣ˹ḧų̵ĺ󱳡
Щ£ǡǾͽɣҪǸɵòãҿǻ㳷ģ
ֱɫԻˣ
˹Цá
˹ص
̻㱵롣
Ŵĵʱıȶ쳤ǻ£飬ÿ춼һҲģûһ˺ۣ㹻ʳֲΣգʲôɺ۱Թģ
ЩȥСȥˣѰͿʱǾԱժҰҰ˳Էʱ򣬾͸¶Ӫһ͵֧һڴʳĵˮȻһΣԺͿԳԡ
ַֿ㣬Ҳѳԡ
ܺ
ҵʳﲻ࣬ҰҲûгȻƶ񤣬ǰȫ
е̵ҲȺУҰݸŲӣȴȱ˶Ҳ࣬˸ɻʱڸɻϢʱڸɻ
һֱǶκ˽Ӵÿ˳Ժһŷ
ˡ̹ˡţԼǾͦһ˵İͦ˵ġ
ݡáóԷˡţͷ˹ݡ
תͷţͷһۣϵ˵ʱôһ׶
ţͷ˿ĭŵòᣬæ˵ҡȹȥˣҪԾԼɣ
Ȼţͷ˾ͽˡ
ݷĲӣȥǾۼĵطԷһ֣Ǿͱÿˡ
ԼҲ⣬Լľ룬һ뿨Ұˣ滹һЩ˵Ұ˺Ϳһԣʡ
˶ԼЩʳԼóС󣬰гæ￿ĺֻ֮ǰõİ֮Ľ͡
֮ǰĹǷߣɣĳϸ־ȣɼҲǸˣһ֣ܰŸǺ
ݴ˷֮ԶȺĵط
һƬݵأϯضݵػЩʪҲ´ʪԼĿӣһЩԺֱץ
ôãǸϰץʳòãʱҲ֪Լ⵽ɻֱ
ȷʵɣðΣȥ͵õĺò͵ĶߣᰤҲûΪ۸ȻΪܱ۸úá
ֹһ֯Ůۡ
ǻ˵˶ãůķɻȴҪ档
䣬˵죬ﻹű
ҵĸһʰɵĸס
öˣżҲ롣
ΪʲôôأС͵Ըɡ
ٶҲûãݰʳԹԺ֭ȸɾˣϪһ̣Ҳϴջȥ
æһ죬̫ɽ߱ӳɫԺǲƣĲؼҡ
ҲСҡǸܶ˼һֻǽһλΪû˸Ŀռ仹ͦ
ҲȥӱϴôԼĸɲݴϡ
ǺϧԼ£ĴɾԺ´ϣ¡
סһĶŮˣûм˵ŮˣǶūʱҹҲһ˵˵ֻݴӲǵĻ⡣
տʼʱ˵ڳΪūǰʲôӡ
ǳöƯƯҲͲᱻͨū
ǱͼԺߡ
ǵǰˡ
ҽڳһرƯʯͷµ˵ʯͷûõĻҾͰҼƯʯͷ
ŮūʯͷӻóһɫʯͷȻ˵ģһɫʯͷɲ
ŮūĽ
Ŀ佱һŷ׷ɢȥصԼĴ˯
һ˸ˣסһСķû˱Թ
ǰֻ˯ڲݵϣ˯ڷѾ붼ˡ
һǶ˵Ժ󣬲Ų˯
ûлԼ֮ǰӡ
֮žԼǰںڰԨС
ܹӴˣһС͵ƽåЩ˻֮ҲΣÿ춼ˣ޹ؽҪС͵û˻⡣
ݱ۾ܿ˯˹ȥ
ŲЩ˹ô
Ⱥֻĳңûѣʲôֶ֪
ÿһɲ䣬컹û𴲣ȥ֮ǰûڹĵطھʱƣҰҲϢʱ˼ҾڸժѹӢժԺ󣬾ͻڳԷʱѹӢŽ˳ԡ
ҲԵѹӢ
ԵʱΪǰʱѹӢӴƮ˽
ǰû˵ϾȵĹô󣬲ʳǵʳҲǰЩûע⵽ҲԸԷ
˼죬̻ǰѰȽˡ
ȵĴ𰸳̵ԤϣˣǺܻӭҰˣǴ壬Ҳȥժأϵķɲݶ࣬ȥ
ѹӢʱɲݡ
Ҳɡ
ʱŷ֣ԭѹӢǿԳԵģǰһֱΪġ
ȻκζֻڳԱӣԺ󣬲Żᱻҵֵһ档
Ҳʹ֮󣬳̲ſʼԳѹӢûʲôζԺ󣬿ڸвë޵ģֵֹģѳԣΪСԽ󲻿׽ܣ͸ûиоˡ
˹صǺϲԡ
Գ̻ԼѹӢ˹ء
ھĵڶܣûҵҵ˿
ǳҪҲ󣬸ϾܷƵĽ󣬶ͭ
ʼʱǻΪԼҵ˽
µϸϸֱԺ󣬷ֲǽ󣬶ͭ
ֽͭ˽𣬴Ӻ
֪Ϣʱãͭûʲôоֻ֪ŴǮͭȻͭʵӲǴ࣬ĥͨ췧źˮܡ
⣬һ֪
漰˳̵֪ʶä
Ȱѻͭ·ŵһߣǼھڳճ
ʵɫˮ֮ͻʺɫǳۡ
õϢǣҵʯʯʯʯʯңʯҵĲϣʯʯ⣬аʯѱǵȺ̼ƸߵĲһһǧȵĸնɡ
ʯʯǾ壬ˮĻ´档
ʯʯҪԭϡ
ȫԭϡ
ʯʯһϢܱʲôûǿ
ռˡ
һ뵽õĽ԰ѳǱĴɲģЩС
вĳ˵ԴһЩο
ҵճһ¡
ڿԿʼ滮··޽ˡ
๤ҪῴͼֽһȦȷѡ
ȻʿżʿҵҲͦá
±ƵĿΣ˼޹٣ÿ춼ͼֽ
̹滮ĳǾ͵ģҪ·ҪĿһЩеͳеȻֻֿǺõġ
Ӷһ㷿ʯճŪˮ࣬ȥߵķӱȽϺá
ķӣĺԺͬСӷŲͬá
ÿÿǰ䱸һˮףԻᷢĻլ
ϸֻһŪһ롣
һ˿ƲѰˡ
ͷֵָʩƽūǡ
ϸ˸ƽūƽū
ʩܴ󣬰켸ʱʱ̶̲̿ñԹֻ޲ڶǵӦãûһӳġ
ֻϲܵõ
̿ڿ˹صĻһߴǷһ˵̫ˣʲôͼˣҪȻϻͼ˯ɡ
ֻҪ˯ˣ׶
˹صͷһ³̵Ķͷ˵Ұ˯
̣Լ˯Ҿá
˹زôá
ǳ̾ôʼ˺ڰ׵ߵӡ
ظҲҵĿչ
֯ͷ߷⣬˶ҪڵػճηӵĴҪ֮ǰϽһЩˡ
Ϊ˷ֹľͷҪȥƤһʱ䣬ȻֲｺҲһ֬ˢһ飬ػҲҪڵñ֮ǰǽĨƽݶõľ壬һľԺճ
ƬҲճ̡
õǱһֺճĻ
֮ǰնõࡣ
ҳֻ˵ȻͿʼ˦ƹ
ôðȥ
зڶǰƷֻаһƬƬȥ淿Ѿˡ
˵ʼķԭʼ棬ڵķӾͿ⽨ˡ
ԭʼ⽨ᣬ̳Ǻġ
ҶæµҲæµæųѼ
ѼӲôµҾµҲ£˰ҹĨ֣һŲѼɢˣȦѼӵҲѼʱѼ
ռѼࡣ
ҳڻûŨȵľƣ粻ɵ
ֱֻԡ
죬ѼѼͳѼ
̫ûгԹĳһҲҲԲѼͼĸóԡ
Ͼ̸оԼϱӳԹĶˡ
ļȫǹ
ǳ̣һֻĸҲûУϣСƷһһֻµ϶ֻ
ȺÿϻᰴʱﲻҪϷʱӡ
ųɳȦȻǻһᵽʺ
ûѼӺù
Ϊɣҧ˼ֻ
ȫ˳̵Ĳ
˵⻹ԣ˲ĸ⣬⻹ͦ۵ġ
һ̸˹طһѼԵ㡣
˹ЦЦ
ָ˹ؼһӳѼҿ
˹طԼȫѼ
̵ȫҰ˿硣
̷ֿ˹ضԼ룬Щ˵ҳˣǺöҪ˷ѡ
ͳǾҳ˵ģ޷ܾĻ
ҲΪá
˻һ˹عȻѼԸɾˡ


56 
ÿ춼µ뷨סլ, ̻滮˳, Ҫø󣬴ҲҪ, ԱҲҪģԺµū, µƽʱûзסҲסԱ, ֻҪһŴλˡ
ûз, ƶҪľͷ졣
عϡʲôȱ, ǲȱľġ
ԭľγ滮Ҳ˳Σȳͣʺŷ֣µĳ滮Ǿǧǧ˿ڵġ
ǧ˿ѾһطˣԱǡ
ûи˿ڸĳǣǶܱǡ
Ͽ˵شԼǧңǸһǡ
ǧ, ѾȽϲˡ
ȻǧִԼһѧ, в͸в
ܼҲ̻ͼֽǽá
ˣáܼƺóƵжôʥԺĹ, һϻο
СʣʥԺ᲻鷳
ϾʼĶλǸׯ԰ʵǴڹģֻʥԺȨԳ̿Ǹƽƽġ
ҲоӾǵԷͷ
ϿȻӾƢãһ˾˵ˡ
ıֱۡ
ܼһϵֽʺīˮһ˵ˣûʲôԶܿסģԼֻԼǿŲηηţԶҡ
ܼվֱ壬ֱͦ壺Һʹһֻһܼҡ
ô˵ģ̿ŴʱĹܼң͸ϵݣƺһˡ
һӢ˲ֱˡ
̺ȻԹܼ˺棬Թܼ˵վţġ
ܼҴһߵϡ
̳°ʹܼңܼԶ࣬Ͽһҳգİͷһ˿Ժǳ£ȥ壬֪Цôд
Ϊʲôᵱܼңʵ
ܼҿųֲ̣ǳ̣Ǹޱģҵĸ׾ǹܼҡ
ʼ·Ѿˡ
ĵһλһλӾλӾӵһطֵأûбİãȲԼϵƽҲҺʥԺ
鸾Ĵϡ
鸾ץסҲʩԽ̣ӾĴӼ̳˾λ
ĵڶλĹ塣
ӵԸĸףܣҲûκ׷Сųϲбˣǰֱ׺ݣʳĶĢ̳оλ뿪
λĵܼ̳ܵС
ܼʱƸ뿪ǿأʼΪһλ
λȨƵĴˣ취ҺʥԺƨԼŮ޸һλĶӡһǼ̳˵ĶӣŮ˶಻ʤ
ܼҵԤϣλԭͷǳС㣬޹ȥû£͡ʡˡ
ԼŮǰһŮһºְԼһŮ˹ȥ
ʧȥŮȴĹϵԽԽ׽
Ϊ˴뱲ӣʹԺڲʾ̵ׯ԰ΪһΪׯ԰Ĺܼҡ
̷ǶʥԺġ
Ժֻһܡ
̵ֱĵ
ܼҾóǸֵˣδˡ
ʱɣʱ죬һЩ˲֪Ķ
ֵǣλ
ͺϵˣۿ˿һʲôһ
ʼλӡֻ档
һģûнӴȨ֪ôˡ
ˣǡӡ
ӡкܶ뷨ܶڿʵʵ뷨ΪһܼңҪְǶңҪʲôӣҪɱˣҲֻʲôʡ
ȻͿڱƶأá
ʱãʱ˻飬ҲӦгôˡ
ģͻԼĽɫѳ̵
ų̴һʲôġӡĲվȽŸһ죬ų̵ֻɿӣվɳΪһǿߡ
Լһ
ֻû
̿ŹܼҷҲȥŶԷȹܼһԺżʣʵǰʱˣһܼһͲôˡ
ܼͲᣬҪִҲǸݵˡ
̵ĹܼҲˣ͵:Ҳˣһܼҹɺܶࡣ
ܼҪֶַӣ̲뿴ܼιȥ
û뵽ܼȴһڴӦһѣ̷ǶˣӣӸճ겻ã߳ÿԵĻһ˸š
գգۡ
ܼƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲô΢Цˣôˣ֪֮ܶѾûоȥˣżȥѰһ֪ǳĹܼңԼѡ
ǡʹŸѰɡӺףȥ͡
ȥջĻƶǰĶ࣬ҲǰĺãȻҲƲϿſűٲǿſŸɱõͿԿʼƷˡ
˽⣬ŪͶ
̾Ūͣ͵ڳҪϣ˻ƶ⣬ԭֻҪСΡ
Сĥɷۣ˸ɵĻƶһÿһŻƶȵĹСԺ󣬾ͷڷͣ͵ƶȥɫװȻպûˮз϶ľŵ⡣
ɹ߲ãúҪ죬ܵõͳ͡
ʵҲֽ֪ϳ黹飬ζӦòһƶ򵥣ջö࣬Ҳ˷ѡ
˽⣬ҲҪõؾǲɼһֽҶĲҶԵʾ״ᣬʱڡݸĿáӡڶϵͳĹɡ
Ŵ˻ƶ⣬Ҳԣִֻûƶ
㶹ǡ̡ࡢᡢ֮ﶼɣִ㶹ʯ⣬±֭ﲻģԸʯࡣ
׵Ὤȵȶԡ
ռҺĥ֮󼷳֭㶹Ҫˡ
Ҫʾô
Ȱѧˣɰȥ̸ˡ
ȻΪһǽôƺе㲻̫á
ĻƶǰѡģѡĴȽϱĶӣһϣ֮ĥɽһŽ̵ʱ򣬶ڹﱻȡ
ˡ̽æͷ޴룬֪Լ˵ʲôá
ʥ鰡ΪʲôҪôʳ̫˼ˣ
̰ڰ֣վ㣬ҽ㡣
˿ĭߵ̵ߣĿųȫϨ󣬻İ֭ȥҪù˳һ裬һߵһ߽衣
ʵҲЩţ֪֭ܲܵ
ܡ㶪ˣ
֭Ͷܸӣûһ̾͸оСˡ
ðȸһ£Ȼ˵ˣסӣ͡
ϸԺ󣬳̾ͺͰһڳʳɺʵѼǿԴ̰˪Ļ˵̺ܿиɿڵԳԡ
һʼȸҺͳһԶ
̳Ե㣬Ҳһ㲻ĻȲСԱССڵĳ
˺һ̲ƿӡ
ĶѾˣһ飬ǴĶһкܶˮʱĻˮˮҲǱȽ׻
ϴ·Ҳܲ
ðȰѶװɴŵ׼õķľȻľȥľѹʯ顣
ȰѶˮѹ֮󣬾ͨĶˡ
ֻǳŪúżԼ˰ѶƤϸľ
𶹸ԶƤ
ѶСԺȥͺˡ˵Ҳԡ
̲ˣѹһӦþͺˣ
Լԡ
ȸжĿҪᣬƴͷϵıҲ˵޻Ц
̺Ͱʱ˶ڴӡ
ػĴػܵĴ󽨣ߵߡ
ǰ߶˵ҶоˣΨǸ»Ѷȵ»ȥоıȻǰˣǺ̵ܳӣǼ˶£Ҳ˶õڳ̵õľǰˡ
ǲһͲҪԼܵõཱܶûлʱƽūҲСǻƷ
Ҿߣӵȵľ
߹ġܹʦһе͵аˣڰȺѾˣĺӺͷ˰߲İɫվҤǰߵİǵͷ
Ѿǽӵ񡱺ƵĵڰҤƬ
ǰҪôΣҪôһҤѿˣȻ˸ƬͲӲ
ɴҲ̫ͷһ㡣
Ҥһ򿪣һľ̿ѾȼҤ¡
ǾĵȴţҤڵ¶ȱͣǾͿ԰Ƭóˡ
а˹ľҤٳչޣЩչΪƬרƵģԭø͸ãԷʹãκѾûˣֻʱķ
ȴƬƬչóЩ͹ƽֲܴڣа˰ƬϣˤûƣҲû飬Ȼˤϣ˼ƬûмƬ
ˡа˵
а˶һ
Ȼ⻬ȷʵˣͲ´ʱ©ˣȻǰճľҲܵ꣬ʱˣľܳһǻ´꣬Сꡣ
ǰӣǵ˶ĬԣͰЩֹûõĶ
⣬ĺܶණǡƷʱû͵
ڣȴӵǰĶ
Ǿͺûû˻ΪǰСǣҲΪС۸˴ȥԼϲ£ֻҪ˹ƬϣǾɵġ
ɡ֣ȴӲɵ˼
ȴˡ
Ȼ֪ôͣˣҲΪףǲŸӲи
ǰоƬϣķԽ࣬ҪõƬҲԽࡣ
Ǻţͷһ
Ͷٿţͷ˼ͷȥܿһҪʮµ˿ĭ
嶼̫˵Ͷٿ˺һЩƲĿ⡣
ţͷʵò̫ţţǣúǿ׳ƤЩؾƤ̣ǵɫ졣
ڿţͷ˳úܺãţͷ˵ĻѪƤûţͷôҲӾ£ͷţɫģʱ򱳺ļƯ
ͶٿôˣһֱûܰĿӶԷƿ
ͬ˳񿴹ȥҲǸţͷˡ
治ţͷ϶ÿǸͬưͶ١
Ͷٵͷ˵ôٺÿһţͷˣֱִ
ͬ飺㿴ôø
Ͷٵ˶Էһۡ
ŮūūȺֻռǳСıԺŮūǷֿģȻȻͻͬԽ飬ǽԭܼ򵥣ǻ磽⡣
ûйϵ
ͶǸû㲻꣬һͷطϻȸߣᣬ굽Ľ׶ΣĳѾвֹһūҪˡ
Ͷٲô⡣
ԭڲԶǸڿţͷϡ
ͶپԼԶԷǼ򵥵Ҫ顣
ùĻ˵Լ϶Էˡ
ֻǶԷʶҲ֪֣û˵һ仰
ðͶЩɥͷ
֪ͷʱǸţͷ̧ͷԶԶĿһۡ

Ӵķ϶䵽ԭڰķ˹صƤ΢۾ڵͫӡһ
˹һôѵô磿
̰Ѳ̷ŵԱߵϣ˵˹صĻһ¿˹ص°͡
¿ͱѡ
˹һͰѳѹıϡ
̻˵ֵıʾһ¾ܾͱ˹ס°ͣǿӲȥ
̵ɴ۾һһ˫ðŹâ㡣
Բۣڽ𣿻ڱǿǣҪôƿ
ƿ᲻
̸ӦýǵģûвµΪǿԵİɣ
ǵĸо
ͷеᡣ
ԵĻϣһгϢ
˹ͣ¶˫ֳڳ̵Դߣͷؿų̣ϲ
ոճȫûзӦ
̴㶵գۣǡûӦ
˹صĴָָĦų̵촽ͷڳ̶ߵһΣ
̸Եɵɵ׼˵áһ˫ָֽŲãѿ˹شԼƿȻѸ´һǳɡ
˹ؿų̡
̴һӣɫ˵ˣԿеһ죡
˹أ
ϲǸأҿ飬ſĶ
Ҳû˷ѣҺͰһˡ
деŤС˵ĸԣ˾ûôóˣҲΪʲôҲΪʲô
˹ԭޱڳЦ⡣
˵ʲôأ
ֻҪǳ̸ġ
ǡģҲǡġ
ģѾˡ
˹Цù
̶߹ȥ
˹һ˵ιҡ
һ±ơ
ֵܣԼû


57 
Щۣ³, ڵչ, Ĭͷ·, ³óˮңһˮ֮źһڳ
Сܵ³Աߣʥʹ, ϾҪˡ
³ͷ
֪Ͳһˡ
³Ĩ˰ѶͷĺͷһκԼѡ, ô֪ôƫԶ
뿪ʥԺʱĺ׳־ĥһɶ
һ, 붼֪ж฻ģ㵽, ҲòʲôôܲʲôȤ
ڿǱʱ򣬰³ʯͷŷ£гǱ֤̫⡣
Ҳ˿𰲵³ǿֻܿ˫ȣҪٵˣǵȾҪˡ
ڸ³ӡ
ӣڡӣ
³ˣһû˽ӣȥ
ڰ³һ̤ϳصһ˲, ֪̾ʥԺ˹ˣͨ, 츳˹ظġ
ҲˣͣһķӰǶ, ʥʹ⣬ܲ۾Ҳʹ
Ȼˣֻܼ֮֮˳ֵ̰һɫࡣ
³һҲյūƽǵעĿһжð³漫ˣʥԺʥԺһ뿪ʥԺԶУƫƧĵط
Ӳ֪ԭׯ԰ġѾֺ·СȻֻ¶˸ͷѾܹ󵽣ջʱڷĴ£ᵴɫĲˣһ޼ʡ
ʥʹˣ˵͡дͣҲǿϵְ
̬ǫصͷ˵
ںӣȻͨʹߣס
ֻʥʹܹסڳǱ
³һԵˣſϳǱߡ
أ³ܲʥԺȨ֮һЩС嶼ʥʹǰͷοһССɵطʥԺׯ԰ˡ
³ʱֽճȭͷȴøոյ˵˻Ϣ
³Ŷͦ˯ģ̫ʥʹ¡
´ҧסˣ޲ôʱץס³ͷѰ³ǽײײͷѪźá
ڰ³ʱŴã𽥱ȣڳǱţ˶̿㣬ÿ촩ЬܣϰˣԼҲϰˡ
ϹΣ;ţĶ
˹ذ̴ף̱ԹôôһΪҲҪ߰Ժ󡣡
˹һ̽һգҵؼˣ
˹ûסЦһؼ
˫ԼǰһץرԣԼˣ
˹ɫðɣؼ
̵Ժҵؼ϶Ļÿ
˹صؼķǳƯһ㶼ͻأֺ͵ĺÿƵãرۡ
̾ſ˹صˮ
Ҫп˹صߺģζЦѡ
˵ĳڸڴȵʮֲͷİ³ˡ
³Ͳ󣬻ǸСӣƸ̵ͲࡪҪǣ߶ࡣ
ոջڶⴧʥʹĳ̣ڿ³һ̣Ȼӿһ˰иУ
мһԼߣ˵Լһˣֱײˣ
³ڿ̵ʱҲ۾һղϵĲͷ˲ȥ
˸һӣﶼϧꡣ
³վǳ̴ˣ
߹ȥһʥʹ˰ɣ
ˡóˡԷܲĽۡ
̴ʱûԼ츳ȫǿȥ˴򽻵
³û仰ͰԼĵˣҪȥԺأ
ΪҲʥԺ꣬˺йͬ⣺ǰԺͺܺ˵֪ʥԺôˡ
̶ʥԺи飬ʥԺû顣
ʥԺǸĵطܺãܹʳǣȴøϸĽϿĹȥġɡʲôʱϲй涨ϴźСҲй涨
ʥԺˣҪôȫϴԣҪôΪ˼ʬ⡣
ʥԺʱΪֵ޵УԻϳжʥ⣬Ļøɡ
ԺҪÿ챻÷⣬ҲùȥѩػҪڵϣﻹʯ壬ÿʥԺʹˡ
ʥԺˣġ
Ƕϵʥ飬ϵȥϲʥԺ
³˵˵ſڸϵˮһ˵ȥͷ˵Ҫ˰
̰ľ˸³һˮ
³ټ˰ö˼Ҷùˡ
ЩطʥԺ˲ǲ֪ǿȥˣĻѾǵϣˣÿ춼ΪūʥԺǰǻӤ
ͷʥԺ˻Ϊʥ飬Ҳʵȥ
ʥԺģ߽겻ü˰Ͳˡ³һģĳ̵ļ򣬡ʵڲУ͸ʥԺдţˣǻʥԺȥ
̿³ݵҲǣҳˣҲԸٻȥ
ǰ˰ʵʥԺǰŶȵģƽǽ˰Ժʣµʳʡŵ㻹ԣϾ޶ëܰ
꣬ʥԺԽԽ޼ɵûеˣѾ׼һȺ˳ĵز
ÿ찲³ȥ䡣
Լڴ﷢
˹سʱ򣬿ľǳ˫ĿĿûнӡ
ȿ˹ߵߣ̲С˵ҾáҪˣ
˹Ҳѧѹɤʲô£
̸СˣֻӴСҪôʥԺֱӷϵңҪôҪˡ
Ǵֻռʳץ׳̫ѧ
ԷϵҵļʱȽϴ
̵СԹϸתûʲôͷԣôϼĶࡣ
ʱС˵ж²͵ģ̶˵ܶľô
Ƿϵңҿ϶̣ǸԲУ󳼿ɲǡ
οô壬ʥԺ壬ҲɵʥԺϳҾͲᶯˡ
ҹ׹ֶùڳΪ֮ǰйɷ򣬲ɷ󣬲ƲģǸƽӹŮˣҲǸǳȨŮˡ
ܼҶ˵ûʥԺˡ
ϾûеĸúãµĹ׵Ķӡ
ûʲôһĸ׶ԺӵӰˡ
ͲʥԺȨλӰ
ɰһʱһȨͣȻ뷽跨ԸʥԺ
һʥԺ̵ĹĶ֣׹ùá
ӣҲĳ
ûʥԺ֧Źλϵˣλ󣬰̳˳ǰĺˣιҲˣǵһ̳ˡ
˵ͨ׵㣬ǡɱҾ
̾͹ܼûв´ĻѾ׼ɱˡ
˻ӣӣܱգԼλǷԼĶӵλԡ
ʥԺҲһͷϾһӰģصȨҲڹǵУһιǶ˹һ°½̷ȥʥԺ⵽ǰδеش
ʳѣֻ־;
˵һɶԡ
ģױƭģ˭ܰƭĸãƭĸ˭ʤߡ
ѾΣˡ
˹̵ԴЦ£
̺ܳʵ˵¡
Ȼһˣ
Ҫóһ㣬Ҳ̫߰ʮͺˣԵĻû֪ãȻһ˯ȥһͽˡ
Ϊսɱ
˹£û˺㡣
Ԩ֮µħȫһֱҵľӡ
̾˿
˹أ̾ʲô
Լָ˵˵Ǹĸûˣ
˹΢Ц
æվЦģһٸӶãȥŪûС
˵꣬һ˸ûӰ
ڿ˹վԭأϻ΢Ц
Ϊ³ˣͲܳԡζǵóԺ⣬˳㻹мһϵŨڳ̿ĥڰ³ܡ
ŨʥԺõĲһǰˡ
ǳ̣ҲԸʥԺɽͷ˶ǹúأ
ǼԺļŮмˣҲżԵȵ
³͸ʳһԼǷʳĶӶԳ˵ȥĻ֣ʧĶ𣿡
׼˵ǣһǳ˵Сȫˣֻʣ˵ƶõСǴġ
³ҲݣǵصĻȳ궼ÿҹһ㣬ϯžͿ־塣
̣ʥԺʳﹻ𣿡
³̴֪̽Ϣնģϵ˵Ҳ̫ҪͷǿԣӤҼˡ
ԽԽѹûбֶΣֻ٣ԽͷӤǳࡣ
ĸӣͻѺӵʥԺſڡ
ĸ⣬ӵͷֱˤӵȥġ
ҺڻûѹӶʳĵز
³ЩḶ̌ҪҲܱǲȥͺˡ
ܱʥԺԿãֻƲã뿪ʥԺﶼѡ
ڹƻûзֺѾͷˣݳޣԸʵʳȥûõĶҲԸʳ߷ָԲϷƶ
ڶˣǶˣֻʣūͻصʱǲŻ֣ᷢͷѾˡ
³Թ꣬ſʼСںȻѺȣʳ֪ζҲѺȡ
ҪĶ֣ڻûȫˣǮʳҲһҪĶ
ֻ˲ŻῪģԽңǾԽ̧ۣܺԼǮװ
ȥ궬Щı仯仯̫󣬾ԤʾҪˡ
ɺˮ֣ȵȣƬ޷ܵġ
ǲ֪ôˡ
ڹòôÿ춼ĵԴӿ˹ذѵϷô˵ɱԺ󣬴Ӿһֱȥܡ
ֵǣû˸ܣѸٵĹϷ˵ϷĻͬʱռ˵Ϸ⣬Ȼ̫ƽˡ
ڴӣʼĽţתڵ¿ˮ̡
˵ʱҲ˵ˡ
ʱӻ˵˵ʲôʱǻȥ
ڳɣûʲô飺²ǻȥǾͲȥ
ڵָľĥĥôᡣ
ԼãָĥԺ˵̫Сˡ
һ仰Ҳ˵˵Լǵؾ壬ЩԨħħ壬壬κԭֻ̬һ̬
Ҫ·ǲҪںԽе˵ԭԺǵƤܺ񣬲䣬ҪǵצӱǵҪƣǵƤǶơ
һԽеķԣε̾˿
ʱľЩħ嶼ûӣΨһ취Ǵɱɱ
ҲΪǶһСľû
ԼˣŴźӸļޣбҵ
ӣҪ
ڣȥ뵽취
ӾǹϷֵϷĲƲѸ٣ֵԴƶѡ
ǵʣԺȥ
ǹԹˣǲ׼Թȥ
Ȼֱ˵ǲԸȥ£Ǿײеĺڷ˲ڣؾһֱִһ£¾͹ȥˡ
ˣǲԸΪ£ڹ
ǰˡ
Ƕ˵Լףÿһ϶ôϣȥȥ߹ŹأֻҪӻģЩȥ¡
οЩˣӡ
ǸԽ˵ĻԼͬʹ˸ɫӵŴһ˲ιˡ
ֻ
˲һֶ˵ˡ
ҳǲҪȻǰǮҲҪ
ӿһۺڣ֪ԼӦǿӲʲôҪǶӦ
Ҳ˴һۣȻ˸ۡ
ڳЦӵС󣬲и
ӱڵ񼤵ܲˣڷݵҲǾͲóˣ
һǵļ˴ԼţҪʱһǾ!
׺ݵ˵˭ģ˭ޣ˭ھ񣬲˭ȥҿɲںǵͿԼڲںˣ
ԼȥңһȥɣĺݵźӶҪȥطǮлٽӡ
ֻԼΪ˱ŻЧİ취
Ҫȷɳȥ˲Ǯͻ·ҪȷһܴԼߡ
ǲ޲֣ȫ˼
ǵǰ˵ôӰǼҵ˭
ҴӣҵԼ
ҵ
ҵֶӡ

Ƕ˵ˣڲЦ͹
°ͣûǱȼ֮
뿪ʱ˵ֻñӣɱ˲ˣôȥУͰɱˣԶ㣬˻̴߳⡣
Уȥ
ڿؿµĴӣ¶һЦ
СؾסԼһ
ЩܱܲסԼǿɾ˵ˡ


58 
ҹɫǺͲ¿, , Ψֳˡ͡ҪѺȥһħ, Ҳûħô죬ٱ۾춼ڸôĵط, ǰ˵ʱһ߳
С͵Ӵ, ˵ô𣿡
֮ǰסڴ, ֪ʲôģĸŵʱ˵, кܶö޵øߴƯʥԺһĵط
һ˵ô
ֳ࣬Ԩ֮»ԨǺô֪ڸ
Ӷڡ
ҳĶҲóԣĳʳ, 翨ֱζãϧ治ܳԿ, ֻʵʱ򣬻͵һǡ
˵·˺Ӥ
ʹ˸£ǰҲһ
СЦôҲ뵽ȥ
Сæ֣, ֻ
СͣǶһﶼ֪ͣ̽˵ȥͼٵģǱ棬δ֪Ŀ־
ﶼװó֮͸ż¿ˡ
ԭ̾һ˸
СͲҳˣҲԡ
Ц㳤󣬻õأ
͵С˵ֱ꣬һô
Сͱ죬˵ˡ
С˵֪ʲôʱ
СǱڴĺ֮һʹԺܿõ˹Ҳܼ򵥣ɨǱۣػҲɣûߵʱȥҺڡ
ڻȥԡ
ʱְ֣ʱ磬ںǺаȫС
СҲǺ֪ǲһɡģ׿ڸǣħ塣
Ǻħʲôϵأͬǿɱǵĸĸ׼ǣǺħ屣ǡ
Ա˵ѩ֮ǰӦûɣȻѩ·ߡ
Ҳ˵ǽҪڳأ
Ǿס·ˣִƯרĵط
Ц̸ϾҪĺӣֵ˷ӣҾҪǽˡ
˳һ㿴ļҵģ
˵ӣҲ֪ܲܳɡ
˵˭ǰ취
С˵ꡣ
Ŷǰ꣡ˣͳˣܸͦɵġ
Ǹܸɵģ³ԿĹֽԺճǽӶ
ΪһҶĺܺãȴͥҪá
׷˲٣ûгɹ
˵ҪŮϲ
˵Ů˾ϲĶ
ҿҶ𡣡
ʯҲġ
˵ʯǻ˵ģֻйʥԺϵıʯġ
ͣʱ˵ɣҪǿңҲûа취
ΪƵˣǿʼ׷ˣ簮飬ͥ
ûн˿ɲ١
Ƭϵźɶɣڼǻ׷̸һкǿʼעԼĺõľǻѵ£Ű·ϣŮҲһǻȥժҰԼܸߺȾɫֲ
̣Ӱ쵽ˣʱſ˹ػ·ƲĿ⣬ǿ˹ػ·ٶԽԽܿ˹ÿһ鼡
ڴϣʴͣûջ˵ܻܲ㣬ʮ˻һأʢҺܿġ
˹ػ˯£ϴȥ̾˿˹ص
˹ذԶ㣬ȡ
̲ŵؿſ˹أ˹ؾȻܾı
˹طų̡
̾ٳٶҲ֪˹ˣ֪Լǵ˿˹أǱǵ˿˹أ֪˹Ϊʲôϰˣſڿ˹صıˣˣ˹أҡ
ǰӿȥϷӺɾԺôġ
Լ׽ˡ
˹ػǲ
ȥ§˹ص˹ˡ
̣ˣ
ףǡ˵ĶˣԺע⡣
˹أԼ֪
ŴЩã˼˵֪ǰ˵һû󣬲ûλ˼˵ұľͻᶮˡ
û˹ģûü͵
ٴſ˹صıϣֽŲã§ס˹أıסԷȻȥҧ˹صĶ䣺˵ˣұ֤úϴԺҲˡ
òãڿ˹صıŤ˹أòã
̼ңҪ˵Ȼô֪ˣ
˺ܾã˹صĵͳɳƵڰ𣺡㲻кӡ
㶣ûӦ
˹صֱƵݣһӣһӡ
ƺֻһĻҪɱˡ
ˣҡֻڿЦûô࡭
˹صЦһˡ
ֲǷҲɡ˹صЦȴô䣬ħҪʲô˵ò
ӳ̵ĽǶȣܿ˹ضͷȻ飺ʲô˶㡣
ûѧʱ˿ֱ̣Ҿ㵱ѵʱ򣬾ûˡ
˹غȻ
һ
˹ץס̵ѹ˳̵Ϸ
˿ĭ˹صĺɫɢڵ۾ų̡
һֻʨ
͵ضԼ
ƺһͻ˺ҧĺȸѪ
̵ץſ˹صֱۣ˹ֱ۵ó̾Լһպ˵̼
˹Ц߼ڿ˹ע£ʲôҲûûжҲû˵
Ȼ󣬿˹ֻͷ˹صͷڳ̵ľߣĺڳ̵Ƥϣ̾ԼĲӺȥӡ
ƺҪʧˡ
̺
˹صͷڰ
һŬһ߷롣
˹û˵ûһĶֻôų̡
ѾóһļƤ
ϳû˯ãϴ·ʱݺݵص˿˹һۣģ
˹Ҳڴ·üų̣æ·̫ˣ
òסء
뵽һ졣
ͨ£֪һϸڡ
ֱó̴Ĵţͷһ֪
ȻԼ̫ȱˣҷʡһ¡
ʡ̾Ϳʼ־
˹ءǿ˿־ĳߴ硣
ܹʮ꣬Ҳ̫ҡ
ǿ˹ذԼһء
̴·Ժ˵ûҡ
˹أˡ
ʼˣһǵŭֽϻһʧ޺ۼ
̺ߺ˵´ҾͲĵˣҽȥ޵ôˣ޺˻·
˹ؿų뿪䣬ֻͷҵĴ̡
Сħˣˮġ
˹ֻӹСħˮ֣סԼĿڱǣЦˡ
ͷ磬𽥱ȣǱвѧų̵˶̿㣬Գ̵װ粢ءþˣʲôصﶼˡ
ݶߣһ̹ȥɫƬŵɫǽ棬ȻĲѿػţͷڴʵ˭۸ǡ
̾Ϳһţͷ˱һƽָʹȥܡƽĻ
Щ˹ȥͿһ˸Ǹƽˡ
ƾʲôȥɣæһˮûȣͶǺ죬ͬ嵽ǸƽǰԷ
ƽһˣеһԱϰūţͷ˵ɣţͷִӲָܾʹԷȥԼĻԼȥ͵һȻ¡
ͶٵǸţͷǰݺݵ˵û
Էô˿ţҲǺˣǿ˵ūūɻôˣ
Ͷ٣Ҳ˵ūʲôĸУ𣿡
Ͷٵŵţͷ˺ȻַڰͶٵļϡ
Ͷһˣתͷ˵ţͷ˾˵û£ܸɻ
⻰һոջЩйƽֺ˵ɣţͷ˾͸öɻɻأ
ͶƫͷúܣֲԸţͷȭͷ͸ƽŹһ
̣
ȥ
˳ѹµĽ
µĸոæſߣҲ֪Լһûžܴ
̲̫ˡ
̲˾ͱϣѹµŵһ仰˵
ÿ˶ԼЩ˰Լˣȥ£Ǻܺá̲ǻ£Ӧǡ
ǺĻû˵µľͨһ̹ˡ
ѳ̸һ
µģˣһúýѵǵģ
̣Ҫеģúøǽء
ûйزɷԲ
ƽūʱԽкڶʱʧ
ⲻһ˵⣬һȺһȺ⡣
ڻ޷ӹŤתǵ뷨ʱֻùȥǡ
Ȼһ죬ŹͻתѪ¼
ˣũ壬ūҲܷ
ܶ岻ūᷴҲƽ췴
ĺƽɱǵ۾
ûл·ʱݺָ׶ܱ
̻˵һŵĻкܶˣ㲻еĻб˿ԡ
µֱӰѶͷڵϣҲжۡ
ͷǰһԣֱӰ˵ָʹţͷ˸ɻƽ񱻹ؽһСûûţҲûгԵģֻһЩˮͶ򱻹صһ
ţͷ˵ûֻܴţͷ˶һ𣬹µĺúøһÿΡ
˵ǲκˣµĶݺݵؿţͷǡ
ţͷǷƢɷƢҲûãţͷƤ񣬲ȫûӡ
ôһ仰ȥ˵ɵţͷҲסˡ
ţͷ뿪ǸͶٻŵţͷȴûߡ
µģ¸ʲô
ţͷ˵ͷƵ˵Ǹˡôˣ
µûĸˣ
ţͷˣǸǸúƯˡ
ƯµһȦس˺飬ûгƵƯˡ
ţͷƶᣬѳζǵؼ˵СǸˡ
µڷӦ˹Ŷ˵Ͷ٣ţŷų
ֻˮԵģܼסġ
Ҫ
Ӧûƽָʹūˡ
Ҳûūٳ£ˡ
µĶţͷ˵ţͷﾹȻкϵõġ
ţͷ˵ͷµĿҲ²ʲô
ȥҿûռ˵µһţͷ˲뿪µ̾˿ԼĲӣȥߡ
̽ɺͰ³ͣ³Ҳˣʼһߣūǽӣʲô棬ߣûòУҪʮƬߵԼķȥ
ôãʥԺڷʰ³
ճ˵ʥʹһͻߡ
³һŨС˵Ҳȥˡ
ڳסúóԵúãɣݣҲҹʥмʯ壬ֻɵС˳Ҳزȥˡ
̣
³С˵ʵҲȥӦҲû˳ҡ
ʥԺǱҲͦҵģҪڣҪ彻棬Ҳûȥɳȥˡ
³Գ˵Ҫ°ɣܶ£ÿ춼һ𵻸棡
̰һ
ʡʡɴֵܣ˭쵻棿
һʥʹ̫ࡣ
ǳԴǵؾܾʥԺܸõʥʥ־ȥ
̣ֻʥԽԽԶ
³һ㶣˵ˡ
̰οԺʲô£ҡ
ֻҪɱ˷ŻҪԼ̵£Ҷܱ㡣
һʶֵ˲ţ
ԺʥԺĴˣ³Ͷ̿һ㶼
ʶֵʵ̫ˣʥԺﶼһä
ǻᱳʥܶ࣬ʶֻ֡ϲеȨ
³ʶ֣ҲΪԺϲСԺų
ʶζŰ³Ѿƽ׼ԼҰĵĻ˵ʥԺڲֻҪ׶ʥԺȥǹ壬Ҳܸƽƽˡ
³ȻûҰġ
ƽʱԵͦʳҲû˼ˡ
̣ôʥԺ
ΪʥԺÿ˶ϴϴʵʵģͷһο³СѡˣȻġѡֻǲʥԺ
³С˵ʥԺÿ͸ҷһ
ӲĺȹԺгСƬҲóԣҲûŨȣûϡ
ѽԣﻹô÷ϣÿ˯Ȼѣݵ棬Ҳùʥʯ壬ҳҲܺ˵ôĵ
óѾˡ
ϧѲԸ
㻹أѵ㲻ȥҲȥ𣿡ʡ
³Ӿûа³ôˣȻÿҲԳԺȺȣԵҲͨĺҸչԱƤ
³ǻҪȥ
ЦЦ
³һܹ𣿡
ʹԡ
갡갲³ͲΪʥʹӲˡ
طʥԺܲܳŵ궼Ǹ⡣
ɵҲӦ÷Ӧˡ
ֱӶԸ׶ʥԺԸûһĵطʥԺֵ
ֻҪЩһûʥ顣
طʥԺӣͲùˡ
̿۶ԿģʱôЩʲôİ³ûס˵Ҫ԰Ҳ
ʶֵ˲ţӶࡣ
ֻҪﴫ̣ǲ˶ȥġ
ĵ̴ֻ̡ܵˡ


59 
ף̵˱, ھʯѾȫƺ, Ҫõʱˮһţܲ, ʯıѸɾˮϣڵı, ǽҰҰɳˡ
ûпյ, ܱûкá
³, ֮ǰһѱһĸ̣߳϶취
ҲĲ, ɺסȥסȥԺ֮ǰӸƵľˡ
ؿĵҲ̻Ƿʮļ٣ˣƽū
ڱҪԼʳǿ绹С󶼿, С󻻵Ķ࣬绻١
˰ǻỻ, ˻᲻ʳȥȵȵ㣬ǰֲûȹ, ҲΪǵԵȻûͿʼ年ѣȻҪȥѼͣܲ䲻Ǯˡ
˿ǸɵŮˣҲ̻˲ôޱԼһޱü£мƥ鲼޲óһƥ޲ȥ֮ǰÿ춼ȥ
ķ˿˿ģ׷Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
Ϊĸϵ壬Ů⣬ڣһŮˣһа׷
˿ҲûţµĴкԺ󣬾Ͱѷ߳˼ңڱԱ߷ߣŮҲԼķ߳˻
Ͼڷĵ߲ڹǷĺõûȥֻܵõģǱ꣬ǽ
ǣ嵹Ƕѵõļڳ˺档
û˹ǣ
˲ܴܶŹ£͵⣬ǿһȥ棬ץԼԳԣÿ˯Ȼѣ˾磬
̻Ǿ˵һκӴëʲôģҪκֻҪһӡ
ÿһ鶼вͬ壬ƽҲū
ʤһһһھÿ˿ԵһֽС컨һССһ
ǣΪӣǱ嶼Уţͷ˾ͱøãһţͷ˶࣬ƺһܹʤ
ţͷ˿ɴûôܻӭ
Ǽȿǣĵô˿佱ǣЦŵõԺһСԣôǣǲÿһӦ
Ҫȥ˭Ǳ𣿡ţͷԼͬ顣
ɫţͷ˶Ҫǳţͷ˵ˡ
ţͷæ۹
ɫǳλ˵ҪȥͶڵ顣
ŶŶŶͶٹϵأ
Ϊ˲ɻСˡ
ðҲҪһѣ˵ܴ
ɫǳ˵Ͷپͺܴĺܶࡣ
ţͷǣҺĽ
ǰûԸ˵
ɫǳţͷ˵ͷǻЦͶٱŵʱÿ춼û˹עʱȥǽͰͶ˵Ȼʱ䶼ǰͶ˵
ͶѾˡ
ţͷദĸˣ⻹һӵѡ
ͶٺܺãúÿֺܻãͶ˵ʱǾúܿ֡
κӴʼ֮ǰ̻´ʣų̂ݽľ̨ʡһûҵʱȫϷˣһŵĸʦҵ͵ˣ˼ҳҪ̨ʡ
һҪʡһˣ֮һҲ̫
ڰκӱʼ֮ǰץдݽʣʲôɡʲôһڶЩϵĻдһ飬дһϣ˹ضڴˣ̻д
˵ʲôˡ˹ؿд࣬Ȱ˵Ҳû¡
ͷܱʼ飺ôУôҲòһ£ڲ롣
ܼҲҲȥκӾˣò֯һС͡˶ᡱôҲòһ°ɣ
̻׼Ժÿһ˶ᣬĿ̫࣬ǦЩˡ
ܶܣԶߣκӵȵȣܶ壬ŶʶֲûǮ̣
Ǯľˣ
̻ⶨ˷Ը塣
ڵ˰κӱʼĵ죬˶𴲣ȥӱߴˮȻˮֱڣϴǿԵģûʲôȾˮϸҲ࣬ҲûϸĽֹʹúˮֻڵˮ˺տá
ˮҲܼ򵥣˼ﶼС
ײһϸ޲Ȼ̫ɹĸɾϸɳľ̿ʯӣˮϷȥ·©Ժտܺˡ
ȻҲ֪취ûãȻôɣǾôɡ
ܲẦǣ˵û
ͶҲʰɾˣԼ·ͬһȥӱߴˮڶľ裬ǵԽԽãľԺ󣬻ľͿһֲｺľͲô׻ˡ
ϴ֮󣬲˾ͿʼڿյȻǲ֪С컨ʲôСͱģǮõһ˷ܵĲС
ͶҲ˷ܣθһ飬ɾǸѪţͷˡ
ԴϴΰŸ˵˺ԺǵĹϵͺÿ涼кʱҲ˵˵ɻɻȻһƾܣɸ˵ʲô
˵
ͶˮԼԼ̫ˡ
ɰѣĿȴһ㶼ࡣ
Ѿ׼ˣҲˣ˶ڿյϣʱ׼Ŵ֡
ؾǵǺܽţȣǵ̫СҺӣÿ࣬Ȼؾ϶ס
̨֮ǰܽţʿ˹أû𣿡
˹ÿһζشû⣬ܺá
ʵȥ˵䣬Ҳû˻˵Ĳá
һ˴ǫ̃ϣӸµĿˡ
ÿ˶̧ͷǵ㽣ϣĽָһ
óԼϷʱ̨ʡ
縺صĸоһǧˣÿ˶˵ÿһ֡
ֻһκӱȴȻܵ
ү͵ʱԭġ

ÿ˴ͼ縺ʹ̵ʹִ
̺һڳдõĸҲˣֱ塣
ȥ꣬ǵջǰÿ˶·еطסܳԱӡ
ϣǲҪиҪڵ㹻ˣͿʼ͵Ƭز͵ˡ
вֻ˻ʱԽԽҲԽԽߣǿܻԸɺͼȺĶ죬Ҫʱ̼סڵ׷󡣡

氲š
ҲʱȻ֣ǰʳ²ӣƺԶȥˡ
ԼûзֵʱѾϰڵ
ֻҪŬɻܵõӦĽ򱨳ꡣ
ȱ첲ȵˣ͵ܵõԼĿ
̽һѣܽ᣺ȥĺܺãϣȥãȽá
˺ܶУڿ˶֮ǰ˵Ļ˼ࡣ
ЧǺܺá
ûЩִѧ䶼ҪӵĻ
һǼҪǹŻҪѾܻȥˡ
ѾϰˡͶ߲ʳͬʱҲϿɡɵööࡱ˵
κӣ̾ڳǱ̨ϿʼԼѧʱˣʱκӣֻҪڵһ߾Ϳ϶ӮȻûʲôϵϾ
ͬѧ˵Ǹϳbuffӳ֡
˰κӵʱҲһԼʹ򾢣ĺôͶڿյţһһߺأ
κӵ㡢㿴֡иͣԶ㣡
˳ڰκӣϵĺһߣһǱߡ
˿ȡ
ǱǶȥˣЩĺ޲Լϡ
ûԷ𣿣
ȻҪˣ
ϵıսǾ㵽ԷҲ磬һ˻ۡս
ţͷվ󣡡
ԣСվǰ棬վ档
ͶЩţԸ˵ֵˡ
ɵͷſ硣
Ͷ٣Ͳô죿
̧ͷŰͶ٣Щֵʣûгͷ
Ҳԡ
Ͷſ°ͣɳԷֻҪɳԵ㣬;ԼҲˡ
ԱߵЦ˵Ͷ٣㲻ǿϸ˰ɣ
Ҿ֪ͶȥҸأ
ͶٱЦ߳ŭҪǹܣҿ˭Ҳûǣ
κӱҲͰ˼죬ԹսȻ󰤸ʤһǰС컨Ϊûб룬ӹϵġ
Ӯȫ̧ͷͦأǺ죬֪ĻΪϾҪˡ
κӱ֮󣬸֮ĹϵǢ˺ܶ࣬Щѵˣÿ춼ܿؾţͷˣǰ˸һԷһ죬ƽū֮Ҳ
̣Һľ˼
ͷ佱ƽūì׼ìܣȻʱڲܴƽ׼ʹ˺֮Ĺϵ֣Ժ»н׼Ҳ׵ıֳˣˮܣͼ֮
˹ؿų˷ܵӣ̵ͷȻס̵ֱӰѳ̱ˡ
ų̵õͷܿ˹ء
Щ⣬ָоĲ
̵ͷ΢ǿ˹صĴ
Ϊ˹ص˫ֶڳ̵ϣԽǳɳơ
˹ؼռζǲ̵ͬǺᣬᣬҲܲࡣ
Լϲǣ
һ߽һߺߺߡ
˹صԽԽ޿̵˵ߡ
̸˹룬ĸϼȥ
˹صĴ̵ˡ
еڴǺ¡
֪Ϊʲô졣
˹ȥ̵۾Ťͷǲ˹ضӡ
˹̾˿ѳ̷ˡ
һ棬̾˲ڿ˼Զֹ죬ⶼǺģȥ˹أ˹⸱̵ʵӣʵЩ棬ԼǲҪӰɣ
Ū𣿡̺òײһԼץһʡ
˹ؿ򶨣ûһ
˹أӦѾ·ˡ
˹سЦ
⿴˿˹صЦݡ
̫ջˣֱʱʱ̶̿ɢźɶɡ
˵õԼħأ
˿ĭǣȥһߣ
˹üʣ˭ȥ
̸Ҫ˵˹ؾһԵϣ˹˵ȥ
̿
˹б˳һۣȥ
̣ȥͲȥ
κ󣬼ҲˣʱȻ̣Ƕõ˷ɣܿ֡
Ҳ˾Ŀ֣ڸԺԼӰκ棬ϵЦݶˣСҲѧŴ˵ȥκӡ
ϢҲʱˡ
ʱҲӴ½ˣȻûȡˮĵزΣεĺӴ½Ķ֮һطˡ
̺ģܼҲġ
ڴˮü𣿡̷ĵûڴˮأȴˮںˣˮûоͱһ⡣
룬˵򾮰ɡ
ڴˮصĹ̫ƴ󣬶һĸɺˮҲӲ˶á
Ͼճˮˮ⣬Ҫء
컹Ҫ޻ʩ˷ɹ˵أùˮ
ûд򾮵װֻ
Ҫٴ͹ԡ
ȰҪĶҪǺ׶׶ͷе飬Ϸƺභ׶ͷʱɳͻᱻභһߴ򾮾һ߰ɳ
ȻҪľͷ㡣
Ҫһ½ȥ֮
Ҫģܱã֮ӴҲ״
Ӵһۿɼ½̿ȥοʱ̣߳εĺӴѾˣ֪ô룬ֻ˵·
̣Ҳ֪ܿĺӴҲҪɡ
ɲСϪСˮ̶һӣ˵ߵ֮Ӷš
еϪ֧Ǵӳġ
ˮˣˮԴҲֻʣµˮ
ûضܴҲÿھˮ
ܻܶù
ʥԺˮʥԺһпⷽλʹ򾮵ļ
ȻʥԺи߼ļε¢пƼչĿԣ򾮣ͷǵһŲһ
ܴ˵طúܺķʱ䣬ȴǼˮ
ûרҵĿˮԴ˲ţÿضܴˮ
һ뵽̾һ
ʥԺʥʲôֱᷢչף
̺޺޵ضԹܼ˵ʥԺǷģ
ܼû
ҧͷëûбͷֻҧгݵ˵ʥԺľͲȥ𣿡
ʥԺܰļ˲˵ϹϺӣٲôˡ
̣֪϶ȥЩֻȨû
̼߶ǸϵİοԼǵΪһѹȡ
ڽ̣Ӧǹϵġ
ֻа̲ÿ־ƽڡ
硪սִУ±Ӿͻصܿࡣ
ĽӦǡս±ӾܹϺӡ
߿񣬵֮
ǰǸԿ־壬Ǹϣ
ǰǿƣǹ
սԼСȭͷԹܼ˵ǲʥԺıóѵģĵطҹܲҵأϾҲһˣ
ܼҵͷ
˵ʱô
ǵͦ߷緶ġ
Ҳܺãܿɰ
ܼһ졣
֪ʱ͸ý飬Ҳˡ
Ҫһɰÿ˯Ц˯ġ


60 
һ˻ˣŵһҲ˵Ժͼž, ĺôҲû, ǺͲȫԳָǮһһ, ʣµҲõ˰
Ȼ漣˼ġ
Զŵ˶࣬õ, ǰܲصԼ˶, ȴò, ҺôǰҲûʲô
ҹͱ˻ȥ
ħսǿ, ԭ׸ߣž޴ޱȵƤëҲħ¿ǰԹԵģԼͷ¿һϻȥҲܰ쵽
ߵʱҪҪ˸һȥ
ЦΪ㣿
ڣԼҲ֪, ǿߣֻиǿ, Сħ壬͸·ߵһʯͷȥ˷ʱ䡣
Ǻڲ˵, ߳š
ͻĻԼҪģǿʱ򣬸һˣΪܰǸһҪͻǸòô壬ݣֻһѹͷ
۴ĽǶȣǴħĽǶȣһÿˣҲһõĶ
ϲǸǰǸħˡ
ҲЦǰһĮӡ
ͷһͻ¿̫ٶ͸һ̵ߡ
ȥ·ժ˿ҰݣѲݸ˲ŵܽһζ⻹Ǹ˽ϵĲݣǸˣĽŲͿ˵㡣
λȥƿ죬ԼԴöǮõĹǮͽȫ˶Է㹻ԷʲôɣҲúܺˡ
ħ԰Ůν˺ҲħߣŮԵ£ģ˵û
ĸģ̳еҲĸ׵Ѫ׸һṩӹߵĹˡ
һ˻¿ˣ󲿷ֵؾһСٴλصԭĹλϣ϶ǰ̾ܳȴͦġ
һɺԲˣƽ̻ǹ壬Сܶ࣬ǮԻʳȴԲó̾÷֮֯רޱ
ǲ֪ȳʲôʱۿ첻ôƵȲ죬ȳҪˡ
Сû죬ȳ˹Ҳ겻ˣƾϵСҲҪȫûˡ
Сʱժϵݣ׾ƾ졣
ӡ
ǳˣۣǳݶ۵óҲ˯žֻ鲼űӡ
˹ֶס̵°ͣ˵£ҿ
ſ죬˹ؿȥ̺ɫɫݶһС⣬ˡ
۵òУûֹʹҩҩûܰǳݵ۵Դʹͺˣͺߺ˵ۣ۵˯ţҲ벻¡
ֻǿ˹ۣҲûнİ취Լۡ
ҳȥһˡҹģ˹ذ·ã׼ųȥ
̣ȥ
˹أҲҩ֪һֲݣԺģԺͲˡ
æ˵ȥϳȥ̫Σˣ
Ȼ֪˹ħ壬û̫ʵУ˹ػˣ˾ͻΣգڵҹ
ûʲôάAҹä֢ܶ嶼⣬ʲôҲ
˵ȥһ϶ѣ̵ġ
۲ǲҪ̾û˯ãһϷȥò˯ţĸСʱֱѣʲôҲɲˣӶ˼ˣȥġ
˹̵ա
˹صĸů̾Ĳ˲䡣
˹˲ջȥǵ˹ģŴ˵ˡ
سûסΪƳ˹صĴ̵ˡ
ԼСʱ󣬿˹ػˡ
ȣҹȰˬﻹб裬˹ػʱûмдȷ硣
Ҫȥֻ˹ذϴɾĲҩó
ֲݺټҶӺܴг˵ô󣬱ԵƽǸд̣̱ȽעһͲᱻ
˹ذѴ̰θɾó˴ҶĽ
ζ̫ã̽е£ֹǲζһζ
Чܺãû£;Щ顣
Ѳ³˿ڣ͸ܲˡ
еͷ
˹һֱס̵һ첲ڳ̵Դ棬ˣۣѽ˹صĻ۾˯ˣҲûΣһ˯
ﻹģǱʹúá
˹ժĲҩͦ࣬Ժֽһ㣬࣬˵ͷϳ˵õʮͷֺ˵㰾úŨСſʼһĹ
˵ǳ̿ʼ˵Ǵʼˡ
ؾ̿ȼȻʼ
ȣȣŶٱ趼ûá
žһ
˳ְƣÿ˴һСʱϢһСʱȻЧôʤޡ
ؾǺҹϹھĹߺܿˡ
ھ⣬Ҳȥӱߴˮеȫ
Ҷɵӣ֪ˮλζʲôεˮѾˣܿͻֵǣ˵һܿͺͺĺӴ
Ѱҷλ⣬Ҳû飬ֲֻܸжϡ
ĲҶïܣڡ
ͬһʱھλУҶû飬ֻ
˺ü죬ˮֻھʣµĶûˮ
ڵһڻһ߹̶
һʱ䣬ܹʮھǳճˮǲصˡ
ֺͺСѾֱӷ
СûбҲ㲻֣ûСջȥҲûԡ
Һп硣
ֹô룬Ҳô롣
һߵˮһ˵Һп磬Ȼ겻֪ô
Ҳ˰Լȳ˵ȣŴģ¶ȸߵĿŤˣֻǲز֪ʲôǿֻľŤȵʱͻ
ǼҲ˱֮ǰˮλûʱ򻹸Ҷ໻㣬ڲˡ
ھˮҲ̫ȵʱþˮһ塣
ʱǲֿʼ
أãҲ겥֣ǲ֪ˮˣ绹ܲܳĸһյʱһ󡣡
Ҳֵ֪ܲ壬ˮҲ˷ѣԭľˮһҲˣͰˮڵ
ܱûǿ
ˮصŴȫ򿪣Ҫз紵ô㡣
ǵĸĸôȣһ͸һȺȥժҰҰȥˡ
̫ȣҰҲĿ죬ûȥժͻһضǣȸߡ
Ϻϻù㣬̫Ѱˡ
СﻹǵýˮȻѾˣǻû
ֻҪСһ컹ڣҪһˮ
ӴѾ¶ˡ
Ȼﻹˮֻϸϸ֧ˮҪȺܾòܴһ衣
ֹ˰£ˮˣˮֻȥΣ˫ȵܿˮ
ֿܱʼǿ
ֻγûܣֻҪؾС
û·һȻϳ̵ĵ¹ۣҲûȥϾɱ
ԼΪʵ̫ƫƧû
Ͽˡ̶Կ˹˵ȻСÿŷ⡣
Ͽ˲ǰдֱܶ׵˵˽Լ
ȳ滹ûɺҪûˮϵȫˣƽǿʼ£һٶ˵ʿŹܲЩƽˣЩƽ޴ȥ
ĴҲҪߣƽͳǼɱʳˮ
Ͽѯ˿֮󣬾Ͷ̡
˵Ψһϵѡ
ȻҲʳʿһԸߵľʹԸߵҲǿ
󣬰Ͽ˻˵кܶƽЩƽȫ͸̣䵱ıꡣ
ĻϿѾ·ˡ
̾˿Ӿضˡ
ǻдǵĺôģʱڿʥԺԮ
˹ص˵ټȥҲ
˵ʥԺʳ𣿡̺Ȼʡ
꽻˰ʥԺֻҪʳǱߵǿýǮ˰
ȿ˹ػش𣬳̾ԹԵ˵϶УҲ١
ֻЩʳû䵽ʥԺ
ⳡָʥԺᣬعԹ˲Ͼûȥˡ
ʥԺֻҪ΢еӣ֪õʱֻҪϳңʥԺʵΨһͳߡ
̲֪Ϊʲôе£Ų˹صߣץס˹ص֣Ȼ˿˹صĴϣԼѽ˹صĻ
˹ǳ̵ĲЦʱǻ𶯣ΪҵģΪʥԺ
̰ͷ˹صľѣ˿ÿ˹ϵζܺš
ģǻ㣬ҲζĪĺš
ڿ϶ܼѡС˵ȻƫƧһҲΣա
ССĺôҲСĻ
κһ㶯ܴݻŬѪ
˹֣ḧ̵ıڣҲµġ
˹صᣬ˵仰Ժ󣬳̾Īİˡ
ǰп˹ڣֻҪп˹أͲ¡
úǻɡ̧ͷſ˹ڵ۾˹ص۾ô֣ᴥ˹صƤ̾ÿ
˹̵֣ǳ̵ֱÿ
˶ӣ̲˼Ц
ϵСûоȻ
ȻѾŬĽˮˮû͸ˡ
˶СɾȲ죬ڳǱﶼĿ
ܲܡ
п磬ǣ˵Саȫе
һ߰Ѹɿݵߣһᡣ
ڵһۼ¡
ҲѣҲһСأûֹأΪֺأĹ۲ˣµӣÿ춼鿴һӾһֻһֻץߡ
Ĩһ֪ĨỹǺ
СǣҲһҧһѡ
ɿѿջճĻҲǷϡ
Էʱʲô˷ѡ
п硣
ˮ
ȫ߶仰ֻҪһֱţͲẦ¡
Ӿͻû֪ҪãӴˣˮˮλҲ½ˡ
ˮҲԵõսľӺˮù֮ľֻʮˮ
ÿ춼˴ӵѻûĿڳȷϿ绹úõԺȥ
ҲʼʶĽʳһһֻҳ԰硣
ҰҲûˣЩСò˺ܶࡣ
һɿ־;Ϣӡ
̵ض˵ûпʹĵط
ӺͺǶˣ󻹸һȺˡ
ˡӵͷȥ̵͵ǷҪһǸ߾ͺˡ
ϾΪµˣ·ϰɱ˲̫ãҺǶȥвɲô£ǶԸߡ
кܶʳȥյĿܶ࣬㹻˳꣬ٹһ£ĿҪջˣؽﻹС󣬰ѣֻʳ϶١
ǣ̲֪ɺʲôʱ
궬컹᲻ѩ
Ȼˣס֮ǰûƵķЩͷ۵üġ
ҪǴִĶãûнǱع壬£϶۶գļȡ
̶Դ˵ȲҪʳԼʳ˵
ǲܲʳģڳֻܸṩһ֮֮ҪýǮ
ȻǮûʲôãܲʲôס
ڴˮòģÿˮ˿ţһδܶࡣ
ֿˮȵģϴϴ̫ݳޣϴ͸ݳˡ
̶ֻܰѲʪ˲壬衣
ǴԼļСĵļӣѽȥԺ󣬲ǲ÷ӣ˵ǲãʵڵ̼̺ӣҹüһ˯
ϸѡӣҲҲֵһ䣬˻ԼҲ̺ӡ
̺ҲȥеôҲá
Ըֱ˯ϣӲӲ㣬˯̺졣
òһһ˪˿ʮ꣬õģڴ󣬳ɹÿ˶ĵӣòðĲҵֻӺӺܳ
ĸĸûˣǸȽСģҲԶ޸ģӵϼҺԶҲõӵĸĸ
ҲˣСڸ·;ɥ
ԼʱڳʳܴߵвƲԼǺһ˫߹ġ
Ҳһ
ǷֵסĵطԺ󣬲˰Ҳöôãڿ˯Ⱦˡ
ֻкҪԶ
óһСõһ㣬ӷˣ
ӲˮĻҪܾãþˣҪǿһЩ
ʴףҪãؼҡ
ѾûˣǰߣƽǾʹǵļҡ
һĻ׻Щ£סؿ˵ˣ˯
ֱ㶵ضɷԺǾһֱǵʳô죿
ʴȣҲʳָǡ
׵Ҳܻţˣ˯
ǲԺܻһһ졣
ϣ׺Ӷû˯ţ˯м䣬˯ú
µ˰ȫĵط˻˯š
˿ĭͲ̫ʣҲ̫
ǻ̫С֪˱ʲô
˱ɹ


61 
ʵɺףԴȥѩ֮һֱû, ̶ڲŷ, ֲ޻ˣԭСرɾʩ֮˿, ջϵˡ
ССֶ, ǿʼʶԼԼԼΪΣʱ, ҲдΣİ취, Է, £¡
˶ͷɻΨΪʳﲻϳȥ
ֻΪѻûȫɥʧǣһ־ռϷ磬º͹ͻ·磬Ϊ˻ǻɳܶ޷Ŀֲ¼
ʳﲻ⣬ˮǡ
ʮˮڽܱ֤ˮ, ˮѾֹˡ
أֻܽһ, ϣڿǿϡ
ó̵ǵǣڲˣƽ, Ѿʼѯʹܼܲʥˡ
ⲻܹƽ񣬵޷ֶʱǾֻܰϣڴϣ˲ŬŬҲûа취
ΨһĺôܰģƽΪĸ꣬ھĸЧйŴҲһҪ죬ѵûд֪ûʲô
֪ףŤת棬ãʾ
濴ţοں̶ܴӻ־ĵɥ
ھ͹ֺܼջǾ룬Ǽʥ飬Ǽĸ
ĸʥǰĸͽ񣬲Ҹʥ鲻ͬĸûĸԺģһȻ
ϵļأĸƬصŮ˺ܶܶĺӣƬأĸƹ仯ͬʱְ֮ܡ
һǷܱϣ磬ĸ
һλʴȵŮ񣬸ʥ鲻ͬͷˣðлˣΪǡĸסԻԭżĴ
̾ĸʥȡΪġ˽ԡ
ĸܵõ꣬ĸҲᱻͷĸҲȥͷͽûԡ
ʥͬʥǷǳԵ飬ͻֶսͻʥԣͽһʥԺĹϽΧץסͻᴦ
ö֮ʥĸƬ½ҲΨһ
ĸ˽꣬ѾڽˣΪûн壬ûԼ٣ֻһο塣
ҲõĻЧ
ĸûпȵĽͽ
̣Ʒÿɡ
ĸʰݵ񣬲ȥƽĺûи㹻ļƷ
ܼҵͷ˺ܾã˺ܾõ飬ҵһλȫ˽
ʥ飬ҪС⣬ҪţͼѼҼ֮󣬼Ʒյ
Ҳ˵󣬼Ʒû
ʮ˷ѡ
ĸϢȥ֮ǹȻûôˡ
ҲûʥĻ
˺ܶ඼֪ĸҪһ
Լ֪ĸˣˣĸλʴȿŮӵвػԭǵĶУǵУֻҪǼĸĸһǶɹⳡѡ
ҲʣȻĸôΪʲôҶֻʥأ
ԼҲԼһ˵Ƭضĸģʥ϶Ҳĸģĸװӣôأ
˵ǾȻˡ
ʥôĪİһ
ǷǳĻȻֻпܵƷֻҲҪŪ
æ˵ȻǰȺĸס
׼Ʒ⣬Ҫ̨̱봩Լ¡ص·ȥм룬ڲԼ̨ʣһб׼̣˵ʲôɹ̶ģ壬űˡ
ʱҲ룬ԼԽԭʲô
֪Ϸ࿴ѧ־˵ҳԭ
ڵû񣬳̻ȷ
˵аɣҲûҲû񼣡
˵ûаɣ˹ħƬػд˵еԨ֮ء
ԳҲԼӦüۣӦñۡ
ҲʥԺνʥ顣
ϳ̻ʿ˹أʥ𣿡
˹ԭڱĿһֻ§ų̵⻰Ժ۾
۵һƬŨβī
𣿡˹طʵ
̣Ҳ񡣡
Ҳϵͽ
˹˳̵ĶͷҲš
ʥ˵ħʥڴʱ򣬼ĶģħӳʼԭֻڲյԨ֮¡
˹Ц˵ʥ飬Ҿ͵߱ˡ
Сʱʥ飬ô
Զֻһ
ɱ
ħûһʥ飬ʹ
ʣħû𣿡
˹ḧ̵ͷûС
Ԩ֮µħֻôȥûʱȥ˼ԼĶȻᴴһ
ĵ죬Ƕ˷ܣ𴲣úò״ˮɾ֣ȻԼ·ǶԸţֻҪĸ־ͻȥͻή¸ء
˶õȡ
ҪʾͰο
һпѶȥֻҪڡ
̴룬վͭǰžԼģӰδϸĿԼڵˮĵӰͭҲСʷµĿϡ
ϣμӹ𣿡
ҡҡͷˣֻʥԺܹ롣
ʵ˶֪мǲģǼĲʥ飬Ļ̻̣û˻óòԡ
¡صôȵ죬㣬ȵĿӣȼӣ·ܺ񣬼Ҷ߶ѵһ
ڷűڣ̶ȵЩ
С˵ˣԻһôġ
һΪ˱ҵϡ
ۻˣֲ֪˵ʲô
ȳ뿪ǱѾڿյرվˣƽū˻ˣϵĹڵϣмóһ·ߣֱ̨
̨ϰڷſǣ类˻磬ģģġ
ǿҲǵ̳ŮԵĵ
ΪǿڻŮԵûٺϸڡ
һϼ̳ǵԼµļ뵻ԣվǵŮǰ
ص֮ĸǳʥﶼ֣ҫԣʴȵĻ񣬽Ѻֶӵ뻳Ҹ˼䡣
ͽԸ콵أÿֶԶƬء
̱һԺ󣬹ظų̵ĵԡ
ظһԺ󣬳̲ûѵȼ˰ڷżƷǲѡ
Żǲһ̧ͷ
ϣĻ档
ѼȥĻ档
վڻǰһΪʲôҶʥԺˣһʧĸ˵ôţϸʥ顣
ڽ̣ԶǵȨߵĸ󻼡
йڽȫ緶ΧѾˣ¼
̲ѧߣվһȨߵĽǶ˵ڽ̵Ǻǻ
վһĽǶȥ
ЩŵˣĲеϣ
뿪̨ʱǰѻš
ԽԽҡ
졣
صǱĳЩɥصԼķ䣬˽˹صĻڿ˹صĻУ̲ҵƽ
ڼ̨ϵʱ롣ﵽΪʲô
˹ذš
̣Ҳ񡣡
ȴҪҵġ
óЩܡ
˹˫ֻס̵
˵˵ţڿ˹صĻ˯˹ȥ˹ر˳һҹ
չȥ죬Ͽ˾ʹԼʿźǹˣǿǱ˷¶⣬÷;ǿǿһһ࣬඼û˻·ƽ
ûҲûǿ׳壬ʿŻӦù
ϿʱǳɳҲ֪ԼںǱ࣬Ҳûǰӵ
·ûʲô鷳ɣǱߵʱ򣬳ʰϿˡ
Ͽ̾˿
ҵѾһˣʥԺԮһֱûлҲͶ㡣Ͽ˵ɫ⣬Ѿܳʱûкú˯ˣҰôҲ˯ȡ
ں棬ɴסŮȹڡ
Ҳ֪ӾصĵȨǿˡ
˸Ͽ׼÷Ժ˴ŰϿȥϴ
ԼͿ档
ûԺ󣬿ȡɴ
Ȼ˫ȹӣ΢΢Ƿ
ٴμˣɾڶԷò
ʱķ¶޲ûÿ˱Ǳ˼֮
ˡ˺һԷ־롣
˿̣ˣʱѲҩˡ
ЩԾҩ
˵ͷ򶨵˵ҽ
ʱҪҡǫĵͷˡ
ֵҪҲ˲ÿ̬⣺㲻Ůū𣿡
ڳΪǰֻǸŮūŮūûнܽĻᣬΪҽˣҽҲżģǼ崫С
˺촽ˣħĻѪ
̣
˵ͷ˵ҵĸħ塣
ֻĸǸ΢ħ壬úˣǰŸԼʵݡ
˵ĸ׸һ֣ǣħǾҽ˼
ΪЧͣˡ
𾪴ϲ
ħ壿ǡ˹ءɵˡ
û˵֪֪֪˹صʵݣǲ˵ġ
̣ҵȥʣ㡢Ůʹȥɡ
û飬̴ţŮͰѿ˴ȥźõķ䡣
ȻԼȥ˿˹ء
ħ壬֪֪ɫôã֪Լùֿ˹˭ûСأҲûи߿˹ԼǴһġ
˻ǲˡ
˹ڴ̨ϣһͷɫüҪȥŨīûй
̿˿˹صĲҲ˿˹ضͷĽǡ
ǻģ߲ʡ
˹ضͷĽǺƯͷһڣ΢΢ϣҲпᡣ
нǵܻһѪȲ̵ĸоһ̳󵽣˹صĽմѪѪӽǼʱʲô
Ǹ£
һոҪʵʧ٣Լ౻һֺֻݺסһţֿ־岻ǶԿ˹صĿ־壬ǶԸǿ󣬸´ڵĿ־塣
ıܸӡ
ӵԽԶԽá
ûӴԵָӣ̶ˣĽڵ˸ڵ
˹վʱ˿̣̲ŷ˹ôߴһ׾ţЦʱ¼ˣ˹صȻӢģĿǳ̴δģ˹صĿȵǣ˹һŨϢ
ˣ˹ʡ
̲Լͷ
˹ƺЦ˵ˣǰɣ
̼ѵ죺ħ壬Ҳҽϴμ棬Ϳˡ
˹ߵ̵ߣ֡
˹صƤǲ԰׵ģΪ۾ͷ԰׾͸ˡ
˹صƾĸų̵գ˵Ҳϣҡ
Ȼһ컹ˣóԼµǴӱ˿̡֪߳
ħ岻һħ˹ذѳ§
ԵԽСˣ˹صĻůû£ڼ֮棬Ҫô¸ߣҪô¸͡
˹ص촽ų̵Ķ˹صĴҵĸ׾ħ֮ҳ
ѪħĸŮħټǵħԺͿʼ˥
˵ħңĺӳ
̲ؿʼ
˹Цǻ΢΢𶯣ǰϿգ뿴Ԩ֮ʲôġ
õʱħҲ뿪Ԩ֮¡˹أûһħ뿪
˹صͷǳ̵ͷҿʱ룬һСħôڵġ
ħִ˹ɿ˫ۣ˿˹صĻ
ʱĿ˹زʵģϴЦЦڱ棬۵ûһ˿飬ǿߵĹ°Ͳпᡣ
ǳ̳ϵĲˡ
ۿ˹ʲôݣͨħ廹ħʶĿ˹ء
Դףĵʱĵʱ۾ǡ
̵ˣ˵ûħ
ʵѾеµˡ
ôħ嶼Ļûһ˼С˵㳤ôÿȫһ֤Ƕصģֻûµħ
ֲ̣ɵ
˹ؿų̵۾Ҳ̧ͷעӿ˹ء
˵ҶħûƫҾħһҲҪԺһûа취˵㣬á˵㣬ûзֱ𡣡
˹غȻʣ֪ħԭ𣿡
գգۣɶ
˹Цħ̬ԭκΣ뿴ҵԭ𣿡
̵ɴ۾
ڿ˹Ϊ̻Ầµʱ򣬳̺Ȼ˷ܵ˵ÿᣡ
̣г𣿴󲻴ԭʲô
̼֣䣡
뿴
˹أ
Ŀ⸴ӵĿų̣ȥ
̫Сˡ
̣Բۣ㻹Ǵ͵ģ
⻰ôôأ


62 
ǵĿֻҰޣɺҰ޶ֻȥ, СѾή, ԭïܵҲ˴Ŀյأ̺ٵ˳, ڿ˹󣬺ʿ, ϴų䳤㣬, ĳʵ̫ˡ
𣿡, ߵһ·ֵԼһܵ˶ˡ
˹صûдڿյվ, תٴʵȷ
㶨ҪȷԼĲ£
˿Ƚϸɾʯͷ£Ƕãͷһĵͷ׼ˡ
б׻ͺˣһַլˮһ̨ҲС
˵ճֵʱΪʱ䳤˺Ѽôʱһ, Ժиա
ѧ̫ҪиѧҴöð, ͿֱӱˣܲԾͲԣɿֺܶࡣ
ųôе, ˹ؾڹ컯֮£̱һ㡣
̣
¶Ŀյϣڷ̼
뵽˸ѧе׵ء
ѡ·ӡ
ȻͷԼָãûѪܼס
˹شųಲƤԵøףǽİףûѪɫĲ԰ף˹нģÿһⶼǡôÿһζӱ󿴣ļιƯԴĳ
ԭεʱ·Ż˹ؽ͵
Ѿһ鲼ϣ̹վڳǰ޽Ρ
ôϵģ߳ܡ
˿ĭ
ȻûʣߴѾܿˡ
ٴοʼԼ
˹ص巢˱仯
˫űҰһצӣֲҰޣɫƬź⣬һӡ
˫Ҳǣɫצ⣬Ƭ쵽Ƥɡ
ͷĽǱø֣ĿȫǺɫɫϸܻҶ졣
ħ岻ͬ˹صԭθˣȫҰ޻
̿۾Ҳգÿ˹̬ܺÿһֹУͺ˵еħӵ˳
ǿ˹صԭβΪʲôҪ
Ҳ԰
̸ոô룬Ϳ˹صıȻ¡СɫǴ̴Ƥ죬ɫĹƤԺ󣬾Ѹ磬˲̿޴İɫڵ˳̵ȫĿ⡣
Ȼ֮䡪
ɫëӹķ϶һ˫ռյء
ʶʿˮ
˫̫ˣ˹ԭߴ˫ĶԱ£ԵС
ȴģֺ֣ܶ˹ԭεǹײϢģ޵ĽϣצצƬŹ⣬۾һƬûһ۰ףͷĽڣȴܿ״Ļ棬ǵĺɫӣȴڰ׷ϲϵͻأ
˹̻ȥ
޴ĳ
̿ſ˹߽һ̾˿İְլУͲˮˡ
˷ܵ˼£ȿ˹ߵԼǰ̾վ첽˹ȥ
˹ڵ۾￴վǣֱ˽Ļ§סĲӣľ߲ţ״ε˵˹ء˹ÿ
̼˵ˣĳ𣿻צӣֱۿ𣿡
˹صĳˢشȵǰڳ̵ߡ
ɫëʣһ̾ת֣Ⱳȥ˹صĳ
ëǱԵܷȥָк˳
ȥͲˣǱԵ̫̻Դ˹صĳ
Ǹо϶ܰǰͬŮ˵һֻèÿҵˣͰèڣ۵ĸо˲ɢѸѪ
ϧˡ
۵׵ϧɫǳԡ
ϲ˹صʡ
Ҳˣɳƣͳдԣˡ
óݣԽǰеĻ˶仳е

ջ֣ʹҡͷϲëԵ̫ˣҲܰȥ
һҲÿ˹ڵӿֲÿ˹ӣθˡ
̵ҧ´롪û뵽һе̬Ǳʡ
˹ӣѲԲ档
ǿ˹ûд·Ȼ·ǺڵģеĶС
һۣһǿ˹صĴ
˵仰֮󣬳Ըе˹صĳ˶÷ȺС
˹أ˹ڵ۾ɡ
ʲôش¡
Լ˿˹صĳëգǳ̻ҪֱԼѹȥ޻Ҫᣬ棬аȫС
ȫ֪ԼڵΪжôպ
ȳˣͿʼԿ˹صצӺֱ۶ֶš
˹صֱܱϵƬϷʱ򿴵һһһ㣬ǹ⻬ƬûǿҵĽУʯȥס˹صצӣȴ˹ջ֡
˹صצȫڣ
˵㡣˹صͷűΧסĳ̡
˫ע޷ӵİˣŶֻҪһͻ
ͷſ˹أ۾⣬˹ı
˹أûж˵Ҽˣħ塣
˹ؼֱΪһ
˹ؽڷ֪ħʱʲôӣСųιȥѾǵӴˡ
ǿ˹ؾôվţɳ̶֡
̹ԺԿ˹˵һү͸ҵ
˹ȫϳ̶ȫ롣
ǿǻ顣
ڳĿĿſ˹صʱΧסĳȻյĸ£̺Ϳ˹ضһƬСĿռڣй߶ɫĳڵסʲôˣֻܸܵ˹վǰ
ܸܵ˹ر¶ȡ
˹غ
Լĺ
ģǵĺͬһ
̾úȣںڰš
˿˹ûƬƤӦǶԷ߹ǵλӣܱ̻ס˹ص̾
磬̺Ϳ˹ϣҹȺҫгС
ʱ򣬷Լڿ˹صĻ
һ죬ȥڵϵ·
Ѿմͻҳ·ٴϣûѡ
ܾܲô̹̹߻ȥ
ֲΪİߡ
ǿ˹ȼ֮İ·֦ϣɾûҡ
˹ѾָΣôݵĳ߹һڵûУԭΣĴ̵ˣȻջ˵ЩˣǴŵСޡ
Сצĸ̴к
ѳһǺģҲܿ졣
ࣿ˹Ȼ֪ڳʲô
æ·Լףȥˮͺˣֲʲôϸˣô
ӣҴˣǻȥɣͷǰߡ
˹ϹЦ⡣
̲͸
ԨȳԨ֮£Լĵ
ĳռ̡
ӵ֮ʶʼͱסˣգԶ˻𣬱ǼԶѪζͬʳԨµĳ̬
ħǻͬʬ⣬ֻΪ˻Ŷţجج
̲˹ûתԶĿ˹غٲҾԼȥˣ
˹ش󲽳ųȥ
˲ûзһͨ޵Ԩ
Ǹһµĵ·
·ľͷй⡣
ǸŹ⣬֡
˹ߵ˳̵ߣ˳̵֡
˲С
ԡ̱ȿ˹ذ̫࣬˼硣

ڷŮͷ£˻ɵڴϣŮҪȥشӵʱ򣬿˺Ȼ˵ء
Ů˻ȥ
˿ҹգڵҹգȴǳ˸ӳ
һαװʱˣѾֲԼ˻ħˡ
Ů뿪˷䣬ֻʣһˡ
˱ԭΣһߺȻԭӦ˵Ĵϣĳһ˫˵۾ڴϷ䶯лСİɫӣ飬ȫ
ĸ׸
СʱԼԭŻˣһȥ߳ԼӣԼںڰС
ħĴ˵֪ħ嶼Ԩ£ԸԼҲԨ֮£ǹ
ֱĸ׸ǵȸµ
ǵԭαθǿ󣬸ڶӵĻȥ
ǣԺӣҪ£ҪԼֱ
һ죬֪ԼҪʲôҪô
ҪˣҪǵãҪѪȫȥֻܳøǿ׳
߱ԭΣԼĲӡ
ǵĸ׵ѪҺ˳źʱĸо
ոУʹУУÿʱÿ̶ĥ
һֱûӣӣ취Ūˡ
ĺپһ¡
裬ҹԹԵĳˣǿ׳ˣĻһֱԼֱ
裬ϣ￴ңǹŮ
˯˹ȥ
ĵó̵õ˾޴ջһĲҩкüԼĲҩ鼮治֣лһĺüˣǳɣдʵɣдÿһֲҩúͻĸط
֮ǰ۵ҶҲмء
ҩֶǿԼġ
ֶʵ绺۵Ĳҩͽݡ
¸ϣѻȡԺ˵ƤϣƬƤͻʧȥֻ֪άְʱ䡣
ֹѪĲҩƸðġ
ˡ
˺˽Ĳҩ鼮ȫ˳̡
һӦͽܡ
Ѿͽˣħ壬ֻ˶Ϊħĺӡ
ǺܹԡӵʱЦݣҲܴˣǻõġ
ССħ壬뾡취ȻģƬħ壬ֻϡ٣Ҵ඼ǻѪǼٻǧǰûбԨ֮µħµѪ
ħǻǿ壬ۻѪٴϻǻħʡ
ɻֻ̬ûдѪǿ󣬵ܸõ뻷С
û⣬Լչ¶ʵ̬Ͳ֪ħ塣
ħСһкڣһаס
ûиȡֻ֣ȡ˴ţǸ˹ֵµĺײˡ
СľͱСڡ
СǸŮСǸкӹ˫̥üһģһҲκСĻ棬Ǹ˺񣬶˵ֻǿд֮ӾĮԹߡ
˰ǽ̵ĺܺãֱܷϵĲҩҲ֪ôãҲܲժôơ
ԺǾסɡ̶Կ˵ģǺܰȫ
˳ЦЦ֮ˣϿˡ
̿
˵ƭô꣬ʱ֪ˡ
̺Ȼ𿲱˺ͰϿ˵Ĵԡ
Ҳ³ʲôЦ˵ҰһŮ˶˵İһĸףԺӵİ
һֱڷΪԶһֵˣõκ
ϵ΢ЦЩɬҲʵʱˣңҲˡ
ǵõһμϿ˵ʱǸĺӶ˵⣬ΪΪĸẦ
Сʱһκ˶˾裬ϵĴ̣ԴԼ
ӽ۰
Լĸףɱɷϲأܡ
ϲʽˣֻҪһϲˣͲ
˿ų̣Ȼ̾ˣһһλܺõĸס
ӣҲ뵽Լ衣
谡߶׺ݵŮˡȥؼңһɨѳ⣬ǺҲСʱҹβףسô裬ҹȥҽԺ·⳵ʮ֣ܵҽԺȥġ
֮ǰץ֣££ء
̵ϴЦı飺ܺãҪˡ
΢Цһûѧôһĸס
Ͽ˺ҲҪࡣ
˸˵仰Ͼͻŵ˹վſڣһͷȫһſµĺ顣
ˣ˴أ
̽ǿ𣿡
Ͼʧ룬ĵ˵һԸӣӡǡǿܿ£
̧ȣȥ
ϴ󺰵ˣȥ
̺Ϳһ
˿ĭˣܡߡ
ߡ
̶ɴ۾
ǰҳˣû˸ʬҲл𻯡
ʬһ࣬Уͻ
ߣôʱҩΣֻܵ
ŨѪ֢ߣŷͣ˿֮һĺ
̼˲䷴Ӧ˶Ͽ֣ǶԸӽ
Ӵǵˡȫշȥһһ䡣
ǲĳ̣˵仰Ժ󣬶ﲻ
ǶԸȾϵĲߣǺ
֪үû


63 
ǶԸӾھصĲԶǹĿĵ˹, ֻ, Ѿˣø׵ͷԼ, ĿдϣĿžһˡ
ǿ̫ˣû˸ҽӽ, ˵ҲֻҸξ뺰
ϸֱ̣߳ŧ
̴˸¡
ӲĳӵԵĺˮ, ߡ
Ѿļ, ˵ȥ⸸ûеøȾԵߡ
ֵҵûȥӴǶԸ, ǸԶ̣˶߸ĵãֻҪһȫľڣҪӴͲᱻȾΪԷһһֱվǶԸӲԶ˻ᱻġ
˶ƵĿ, ӲҪǳ´, û˿Υ
ţͷһЩõĿȥ鲼ﻹһˮҵˮʡŵܺȺü, 㹻֧ߵһŵ㡣
ǶԸӹҲ֪ﲻǣӹڵϣǵǿ˸ͷȻͷף׼뿪
һȣȺкȻ˺
ǶԸתͷľǿĿˣժɴԼȹӣһԸȥ
վڳǱ̨ϵĳ̺ܽš
˹صִļϣģûаǲȥġ
֪ûаµĺȥðǸա
Ըǰ£ϸĹ۲ǵͫ׺ֱϵŧŧûƣǵﲼѪ˿ɫƣʶӣܶ˶
ӵͷһλ߹ķˣΪʲô᲻Σߡ
ɤɬ˵ˣԶһ㡣
˺Ȼ¶ЦݣǸˣҪģǻġ
ɴ۾ױȶӲأѾŲ죬˵ˣϲ񣺡ܺãܺã
˵ͷԣǾҪߡ
һͷȻӦ˫ϥһιڵϣϵ򿲱˿ͷ
¶ͷĳѪҲûͣ
ȴû˵ʲôתľȥ
ˮͰתִˮ˫סͰԼȥ˼ͰϺصֻһĳȹ߻سǱ
ߣˡվڳ̺Ϳ˹صǰ
ץ˿˹ص֣㡭
˵Ǻκá
͵ˣҵԭߣħǲȾߵģϴԼֻΪ˱ա
˿
˹ڳ̵Ķߵ˵㲻ħ壬ҲȾϣġ
̣Ϊʲôѵħٶ
ôΪħкôġ
˵ҴĲҩͿҽǵ߲
κˣܶһ㱣ûκãˣҲӰʲô
ΪȥǣֻǾԳ̻кô
ĸ׻ŵʱĸ׵ԣ˱Ժ󣬾Ҫӱµ
ģͻԼһΪ̾ҡ
̾ÿ˵еߵߵҩ͸ȫ
ƫƧҲԶԶĵزԽԽҲǶ㲻ġ
Ȼܲô˵ǶԸӣø˿ʵĻᡣ
ǶԸӾͿ˶ķϣҲó̫̾Υ˵塣
̶Կͷȥɡ
Ȼȥ˴Ĳҩķ䡣
ϣ˺һŮû˯ҹѡҩղͬҩ˼ҩ裬ҩɫģһɷǳԵĿζһҩҶ˼ǺܳҶӣúܴ
˻ǵãСʱ˱ҧˣȻղֹ
ĸ׾óҶѶԷκõġ
ҲΪһҹҪ뿪ӣǵԼĸף裡ǲ淢Ǽҵģ
˵ǣҪǵãԶҪԼȥı˵ģ³ҡ
һһ뿪ˣֻͯ꣬ǵһԶڲͣӴܺͱĸ׻һһεľˡ
һǾ˵ʱ򣬱˵ļ˴ʥԺץĸΪڻĸŮ뿪˶Էĵ¡
ҽͯģֻ޾Ŀֻźʧȥ˵ʹࡣ
Ϊһ
û뵽գǳһҽ
ڡҩֺãŵͬĺȥ
ڳĬŰѲͬҩװȥԱ߼ĥҩۡ
ڶһ磬ʹһҩ߳ء
һϢԹȹˮ֮󣬸˺ܶ࣬һ·ˣûкúóԹҵʲôʲôҲҿҰ޶ܽȻӦ·ˡ
޴ĸӣģ޵ֿ
ȥ˵ҪʲôȥͰ˵
æͷ
óľУҩ裬ÿʱһţʱһţǳһеʱһ
ӽӹǸľУȫռݣѾȫǲҽʲôˡ
Ҳ۲ǶԸӡ
ʼǺҩ貢ûǺ
ӻǵĲ֢ڶӵĲ£Ѿϼ·ˡ
Ȼ󿲱һҩǡ
ҩļЧܿ죬Ǿͻָֻ˿һЩ
һ֮Ѿˡ
ٴγȥ飬֤ʵѾȫˡ
ֵ˼Ժ󣬳ǽء
κõ˵Ȼٷųȥ
ƥﻳǶģһǷߵİ취ô˾ͻӿ޷ڶ߻ߡ
취ҩȥڲΣصǰ¡
ҾҵԽԽӲˡ̶Կ˹˵ǰЩԲĺӶᡣ
ǵСʱ򲻰Է͸ƬݳƤǵСſڵϣ˲ӬԶͺڵʬ
̵ʱͬĵᣬ˵裬ЩԵĸǸСѰɡ
Ȼݺݾ
˹̵Դû
ǳ̣˸ǶԸʳˣαسԶ
˹ط֣ǻúܸߵĵ±׼ȥҪԼһﲻ̾ͻ
ʥԺ֮ĺ֢
ǶԸסڹŹǰһȦ˭ѺõĲУԶҲʡҪٿ
ӻ˷֯ÿ֯ҵ˹ԺԸӾ˸
׼˺ܶҩ裬ЩҩܷԺԷźܾá
ôȵʱźںͰȥѰҲҩ
ϡȱ˲š
ĵҲԼ֮ǰ˰Ͽ˵룬ȥء
Ȼ˹غͿҲϣҲͲ
ץס˹ص֣ϵڿ˹صֱһǡ
ĵ˵ҵĸǣүҿ͸ҵõ


64 
ƹǰĴӣ³ͼʦƾɵ·ͷڱ̫˿Ĵ, ³óˮ, ˮѾˣӳʱʥԺＷ, ÿڴʥԺԳԱӣˮ, κϵĲ
Ҳȷʵʳˮ˳ûʲôá
̫, ÿ춼µ˼, ټʥԺ˼
ǿʼŻ£, ˵ʼֻһģԽԽ࣬³ˣǸˣǸϵͽһˡ
Ժ, 뿪ʥԺͶٽʥԺȥ, ʳˮƽ
ԺûдӦҪʥԺչЩˡ
󣬰³Ǹһˡ
ճʱ, ǶΣʱƣα־ռˡ
һ·˺ܶȾߵˣԼһļž
³ֻ촽մһˮȻˮҵݸߵˡ
ڵ磬˫ߵٽʥԺȴûнȥ
ΪʥԺſڣҲѾϳŧ壬շȣõˡ
ȥʥԺÿһʥԺһ
ڼȾ֮£³뵽˳̣뵽ǿƫƧء
Զеĵطܻûб֣³ûѯͬǵΪֻͬãȻǰߣ˺ܳ·֣ˮûˣǾֲĸӸûˮʳûˣͽƤ
ǣ֮еһʦʼȣڷȵĵ죬ðŧ塣
ǸʦϦദͬһˮˮǷҲֻʱ⡣
ɰ³ûзǻţǰߡ
ҲԽԽĬһ쵽˵仰³ż̧ͷ죬ϣܿƣܸܵ꣬ÿһʧȻͷ·
ڰ³Ҳŧĵ죬̤˳̵ء
糤ŧͬѾʧȥʶҲѾֻʧȥʶͬ·
³ǱĺӼҰˣҲ࣬Ǵſֲ鿴ʱûаѰ³ʥʹϳ
ǻǻˡ
ǱƵרιҩɾ֣ͷ
Ϊ̵ʮƫƧ˺٣ż̶ּǰ˵С£̲Ҳܰޣﲻ˵Ҳûа취
Щ˶
û˸ҲһߣǸûлȥĻᡣ
³ʱѾˣûоԺĿԼΧ߶Щ϶ŰɫģеߵĶĶͷġ
³û
Ҳᷴ
ˣҲֻ˲Żƨɵ⡣
ڶԷֺܿ˻ȥ
ˡջֵǸ˶һ˵
ƨǿ˽ǵķһöͷ¶ò׼ƨɣ˵ƨʲôʱġ
³˵û
ֹһվߣˮյߣιˮ
ιһЩȻ³ζܸоòʡ
ⰲ³ͷͺӺ󣬲˰ϳ
ܿ챨˳̵Ķ
Ĳ㡣˹ðȸʢһ
Ҳֻг̻ܺˡ
̾˿û뵽طʥԺˡ
ʱֻһ̸ûôҲûôǿ
ǰӰС˵ϲǣһͭƤǣ˭ٴɫԼҲǣ˧ֿᣬɱķ
ȻӰӾǣûôӲĳ
Խ֮ǰֻǸͨˣһܰļͥɳĴҲǸӰ
ִĽִ˵ۡ
Խһ䣬ͷΪһˣѶ̥һ顣
˹صǺ侲壬޷干飬ٶˣҲֻһֻ֣óĸ³ģΪԼ壬ԲŻᱻǣ
Գ̣˹Ǻܿݡ
ó̾Ҳĺܿɰ
㣬ӦѾˣٹ¾ͻ붬Իʢģ꼾ǲڵˡ
ȳ꼾ó̺ͷۣû⡣
ΨһֻǸɺ
궬ȲҲѩ鷳ʹˡ
ˮˮλһֱ½ǿԿˮһֲ꣬꣬˸ʱ䡣
һˮλ½ڵĴ򾮼򲻵ȣô̵ضҪ군
ȻͺǿĲҪˮ
첻ѩǿܾҪǨȥطˡ̽ӹȵһԺ˵
˹أš
ɽ
ȷ³ȬԺ󣬳ټһΰ³֮ǰʱô緢н;ۺ;ϲȡˣǱʱʶķŵ̬
̵ʱıŤȻ˷ֲʱ޻Ц
̻׼кɣ³һͿ޳
ܾίĴк
û˹ǡ³ͨһ˵ϣ˫סڣȰˣԺ˸һߣȰˣȰˡ
Ժ׶ʥԺдš
³ƣſǻܾ
ûлôˣôʥԺûгԵģûˮ˲ǲܸߡ
³ΣҲ
ûԺľҲһΰ󡣡
˵ûд
³Ҫԭ¡ԭ˭
˶ΰˡ߹ȥİ³ļ򣬡ֻǸͨˣû
³ôţס̵ȣ
ĥڷԼȫˣԻԺĥԽʹࡣ
ҹڴϣͷ˹صĻڿ˹صĳϣ˹άεʱҲĳðֻûԭʱô
ɿռŴ
ϣ궬ܹѩ̱ſ˹ص۾˵˹صݣȴҲܴ֣úʡ
˹ظų̵ĳ
̵ͷʱû磬ȻûмҲ˼¡
ķǴɫ
ָкܺá
ġ˹˵
̾˿ôôùأ
ò˵ɫ֡
ҲǾġ
ȥֻܵóȽϵùĽۡ
޻Ҳˣͱɹû⣬಻ˮûá
̸ļʥԺдţûϸдҩķҪļҩģôȣЩҩĳʲôĶ׷֡
ÿһﻹ˼ҩ衣
ЩݺͰ͵ȥͣ͵Ǹ൱ħ壬ԭȴǳǿ׳Ҳܺãʺϵѡ֪ǱʥԺԺķ䣬ŷŵԷϡ
һԺԸˣôžͲ͡
ǰʥԺĻҲûôá
Ǵˮʳˣ죬Ⲣܴο壬ǸŨĿ־;
ߺ󣬳ùܼȥ򿲱ѧϰôҩ衣
ҽɣҹŸСôһ䡣
ؾ˭Աߣֵ˭ڵϣǱȸĸȡ
ҲС˵˵˭
˿ĭλˡ
ز˵ˡ
ڰ˺ܾá
ҽôر۾˵ѵҪ淢ʥԺȥ𣿡
ֻǡ
ֻЩ£ʥԺ˵ҽܾˣҽֻ䲡ˣ˻תΪûнһ˾ͻҽøǿ
Сҽִ˵
ҽ͸ħࡣ
ħ¡
Ϊû֪ħ嵽״治ڣҽȷʵڵģÿ궼кܶҽ
Ҳȷʵкܶ˱ҽˡ
ꡣð죬ǲǣǶûйϵ
ѵ𣿡
仰˿
ǰôһ֪ǲҽ
˻ᱣǵġ
˵Ҫ˵ҽô
أ
أʥԺ˵ĻһǶԵģʥԺ˵ֻҪϵʥ飬ʥͻӻǡʥӻǳԻǸҺȣЩȾߵˣѵͲϣ
أȻȶˣû⡣
ÿһ֪ʲô𣿡
㶣˯
أ˼˼
Ŷ
أͲ𣿡
ãʲô֣
ؿŴ⣺ʥԺֻ˵Ҫʲôȴû˵ʥΪʲôÿ궼Ҫ˰˰ʲôģʥ˵һóԺȣʥΪʲôҪǵĹƷҪǶŶӰԼʳ
ظ磬ʥӻǣǣǵظģֻҪһ㲻ġ
أࣿ
أڳǱ֪ʲôˡ
һûûȣҪ취ճʥԺ˰
˰ٿԱ֤оסĵطʿţסﲻõǿ
ʥԺأ
ʥԺֻͣһпѶΪǵֻܱá
ʰʲô
磬㲻ôʱѵʥʹ˵ĻûʥԺԺԸչЩȾߵˣԼΣա
أ㣬ʥԺԺǲϵͽ
ͷ϶ǡ
ЦЦʥԼϵͽԸӻ
ֻΪԺϣҲΪõԺʱ򡭡
أ˰ɣֻֻܺ㡣
ûж飬Լһ׿
ʥԺƭӡ˵ƭˡ
ΪʲôôҪԭɣ
תͷʥʹһʱ򣬶˵̬Ⱥܲǵ𣿡
⻹Ҹ˵ģ͵͵ҵġ
أǺô
Ȩ֮ϵĺô
ط˸Ըٸ˵ȥǲᱻƭġ
û취һģȰȰأòֻΪ̫ˣʥԺҲʥ顣
ںͰ³̸Ҫ³֤ͬ鲻Լﴫ̡
̵ģһΪ־ȥʥ飬ôܿ죬ǾͲָӣԸְԱ͡
̿ɲΪʥԺĻ
ҪôǻģҪôԼϹġ
һ׳̻Ǻ˽ġ
ϷʱͰݹ١
Ͷյʱͽĵбͼӹ
Ǻƽʱڣôȥѡ
ǲҵ˵κθʥйصĻʥԺйҲСֱ˵Ķ԰³˵
ʱڶϣӴԼǱݻļҾߣʯͷģ˻ƣαϻοյͼͼʮֳ򣬵Լ̵ܿǴ˵رľ
³վ̨£ֻͷų̡
һ̺Ȼ֣ѾӡеǸȫͬˡ
ɫ۾꣬ʱѾˣӵһƯ˾ɬˣֹ峤ˣġ
ˡ³סһʱ䣬Ҳ̵ֱ֣ǸϵһƺΪˡ
̣ҲôģҲʥԺ鷳ͲйʥʥԺ¡
³촽ܸɣɬˣֻʥܴǶɹεѡ
̾˲̫˸ˡ
Ȼڰ³ȴǳ̶Ļеͷ
̣³㲻֪ΪʲôҪôҪ㡣
³ͷ
̣ѡҵģȻȥ˵ͬ飬߲ҵģͬһ뿪
⸽мӣ뿪ĻھͿߡ
³ףˣҲʥԺġ
̣Ҳһףѵÿ÷ൽϣͿԱĵĴѵÿڵϣʯܵõÿʥԺϵô࣬ҵĽȴһ
³
ҡȰǡ
̵ͷִ뿪ĻҲ
³ȥȰĽǣ˰³һλʦ⣬Ը뿪ҲԸ̣Ϊ̲ʥ飬ǻ뿪ʱݺݵ˵ڵģΪʥ飬زֶ򣡡
ʥͷģʥԺҲͷģ
ˣõʥıӣ
˰³⣬еﻹпϺ⼸ˣû˵УûˣʦĻ󽻻
µʦ߲ˡ
϶Գ˵ˣ뿪һʥԺˡ
̿ſϡ
Ĳ˵ǹɱˣȫ
Ǽʦ˴˵⣬˾ǣǻȴֻлǸδӹͽʥ顣
ȻˣЩá
Ӻףҵ󡭡ȻȥϢɣ˯⼸Ҳˡ
ϾܼһˣҲ࣬Ϊ£ҵҡ
̻ӻ֣ˣȥϢɡ
ߺ󣬳ǰ̾
ĲóЩ£úչԼһЩҲ˻һЩ
˵ʲô𣿡ëֽϷдʥԺʥʡ
˹ߵ󣬴ӳ̵ı§ס˹ڳ̵Ķ˵ɱֻš
̣
ˣҲɱˡ
ɱ˻ãɱǿĻ۾գһ¡
⼸Ҳֻ˵˼䣬ɱ˳̽ܲˣ߾ǸԼ
˹̵һͷȻ㲻֪ôǣҵȥ
Ŷ˹ֵȫħ塣
ħȥǣ˵ͺˡ
̵ͷǾȥɡ
˹̵̧°ͣѹ¹ȥ


65 
ˡ
ëëϸ꣬, ߲˺Ӵ, ȴܸοġ
վڴ̨ǰȥµ, ˮϣǲڡ
ֱһ, ̲ŷ֣ⳡѾ˺ܾá
ǴڵҲڴʱ˳, ѵõ, ѵӣǵĻ
ˡ˿, ϣµľһ㣬һ㡣
Ʊ󣬳ֺԼѻ졣
үƺҪ֮ǰûµһ¸ɾ춼죬С꣬ϱꡣ
ڵһеĿ硣
ڿ粻ʱʮּӲ겻ݣյʮּʱ, ûʧ
С󡪡ѾɾˣѶ, ʲôûС
궬꣬Ҫˡ
ֻϣ꼾Ķ, ܸǵĲһˡ
ﵹ춼꼾ط̲û꼾طҲ꣬ƶ˵֮ǰĸɺûʲô
ɺʱ̫ȣܳš
꼾ʱ꣬Ҳܳš
ʱ䶼ڶȹģ£õؾԶͭܣȻͭŪҲûʲôãҲûǸ¸ˮܱźá
ȱʳ˾ͷˡ
ôˣҲ꼾ĵҲû˺Χɽ·Խߣͨص·ܻᷢʯ
ȻҲȻϣҲ˵õϢͨ
֪ҪôȥصЩ䣬һӣӸմóһζ˵ʲôζ࣬Ҳû
˹ؿų̣䣿
̴˸磬˵ĸ첲е㣬оû죬ֱ붬ˡ
Ǿʵ֮ǰҲʮϣʮȵʮ䣬һ½ʮ¡
²óЩš
ڽޱǹģȻȽϱȻһֵֻܷһһ˼һ𣬸ޱǺů͵ġ
ֻʦûзֵǱڶķÿ춼˸鲼Ͳ°壬ǲú·Ժ󣬾ܵõʳͱƷ
ڱħŹ֮ǵĵҲСˣÿ˵ǲ·ܾκ˽
³һλʦȥǣҲԸ⿪˵
³ڱд̿顪ʵĸһЩ׵ĵʣԭɹܼڱд³ԺͳһλԸⲻʥʥԺĵʦ֡
Щʲôʦһֽţһʡ
ӦĺܺãԭʥԺͼһڷԣǸĸʱʥҲûйǣûʲô֮ġ
³ëֽд˵Щֽʲôģ
ƤֽͬЩֽȻǶƤģƤֲֽڣǸᣬɣҳóôֽ֤Щֽļ
ʦЦ˵ô֪ٶûĶҶ֡
Ȼ뿪޶ķΧɻ
ÿ죬Ƕῴðȥӣߣ֯ÿ˶ܶ¿ɸɣûһţʦȻ˵ҾʥԺá
ʦ˵Ҳϲ£ֽʴһ𣬶Ǵһ档
³վߵǰ͵ʦڳǱҲ˯ڳǱС档
òǻô³ӣǲᱻߵġ
ʦҲ̫⣺״ͻùһЩ
ʦżСõֽŷŵȥôʪʱ䳤ˣЩֽͲˡ
³ԣôôã
ѵͲӦþѹ
ʦұͲʥ飬ֻΪпڷԣûߣ˵һʥԺһӣԼ˵ôϣʱͲһ뿪ʥԺˡ
ʦ˵ʱƲƲ졣
³
ʦҴӲʲôܹʥ˵ʳǵӣҲŲʥͻ⵽ֶΨһмʥԺĵطǣʶԺǣҳɹڡ
³˫ֳڴ̨ϣ˵Ժ᲻ỹš
ʦϵıʧˡ
ԺǸˣִȱκæʱΪ˰˶Υ壬Ժ岢ãÿ糿𴲶Ҫ屻÷࣬ˮϴɾ׳ʱڻãͱԺս
ʦ̾˿
³н죬ҲԺʴȣȻô󣬸˵֣ΪʥԺһˡ
뿪ʥԺʱԺҲû£˸һ뿪
ԸǳȥԺٻʥԺɡʦ˵
ҲΨһܰοԼ˵ˡ
ͬʱݸմһλʥԺԺķֽἫˣȥʱ¶ûоȥԺ󣬱еİ͵½ڻ
ݵ˫Ժ˵лˡ
͵û˵Ҳ˵
ƺ«ȥʱŵϢסùݵһݴɴװǹͶݵСޣùѾܳʱûˣѵСùݵϰ岢ûжǽϸµĲʡ
ʳþͲˣʶҪǿ˷ô죿Ҳֹһùݡ
ùҲʳݻС󻻺͵һڷڣӡ
ʥԺԺʲôöһ߿źһ˵кܶණ򳦺ݡ
͵ûףϲ򳡺ݣ
ݽɵӣͲỳˡ
ȻûùҲ˵ĴˣѾϺмʶˣ͵¿ͱЩƭùͷʣˡ
治֪Ϊʲôҳ޵ĿŰͶ١
͵³òÿǰڣȻǱֵĶԼòûκθоʵ˿־ĸоܡ
͵²̫ô˽ʣȻǰŮ˲ɱֻܳĬ͡
ݣҳʱǸԺһС
ݷ˸ۣЩ˻һĶġ
ڽͷʱʲô¶⻹ĵġ
ʥԺǸĵطڴߣڴͷ۾˵ʥôôͷЩأ˶ܵԺ
ʥԺ٣һӾһʥԺϵʥԺȽСҲûʲô˻ǽмܣʥԺܵϸЩϾÿ׶ʥԺ˵ʥԺල죬ʸȥ׶ʥԺߡ
ڵӣѾʮûලˡ
ʥԺȨߣصǸ˦ƹʲôҲܡ
ʥԺǲߵƽģƽȣҲֻǴŽգȻƽ뿪ʥԺȾߣǾͻ˻ߵʱԼ뿪ʥԺ
ס죬ͷεĸȾߵ𽥱١
ҪôΪˣǲԸţؼ֮Ҳ
Ǿ뿪ӡ
Ѿ˸ʥԺźҩ裬ֱڣûдκι߱Ϣ
һߣһڻʣǲûܣҾͷǵϵģһžܿ
͵»ǲ˵
ԽԽͣҪ붬ʱݺͰͶһţȻϻص·
ûбҩ
붬󣬻ߵȫ⣬ɱ˴󲿷ֲűס
ޱǶ鲼ӰޱȻŲ̫Ҳùʲôףֻг̺͹ܼҸǵǴƵıס
Żûѩÿ춼ҪȥţͷԺľ̿
ɺʱ˲СЩСһͻϣʡȥ˺ܶ࿳ʱ䡣
Ͷٽ꿳˲ٲЩūֻҪѹ涨ķȥʣµľͶԼģҲ·Ȼÿֵֻܷһ䣬֮ǰһȺ˼һúá
ǵһӵԼġ˽˿ռ䡱
ͶҲͬĽųζ͸ֳζ˯ˣҹҲֵֹ
ҲԼķ䣬ȻֱǻһЩԼ
ٿ𣬻ǲЬ
˺ܳʱͣԺ󣬰ͶÿԼϵĻͻȥ̿
ţͷǸ֪ʲôʱñҤʲôʱÿҤ
ÿʱͶپͻغܽ
ܸɵţͷˣõѡ
ɿͶԺߵţͷ˵˾ʲôȻͳͶȥ
㲻ùң֪æͶٶԸɺ
ߵǰԺ˵ҤֻҪȡ
ʱţͷ˶Ϣ
ǵĹӴΪҤֻô࣬ţͷǰ϶ڹҹŻѹЧʲ죬ʤޡ
һţͷ˯һ˯
ɺͰͶ￲ϣѿִӵð˳Ͷٸ̾á
ǵĶӣڼġ
Ժ󣬿ų֡Ͷٲ֪ʲôʱֵģҲ֪ôֵġ
ΪΪ֮ĸ̵
ǵġԴӼ󣬴ūʼĸˣǶ֪Լĸ˭ԶĸŶĸ׵
Ͷ֪Լĸ˭֪ðǺԸԼһĸס
һĸϲĺӡͶʵô롣
ɵͷҲǸĸһʴȵˡ
ͶٵͷŸɷһߵ֣ԼַȥǲңƮ˺һŰԼճȭͷ
Ӻů͡ͶٺȻ˵Ҫһǡ
޻࣬ޱ˸ѾܲˣֻмǸ˻úȡ
ͶЩɵ촽˿һӡ
˿õ˺ཱܶӡ
ûΪūƽһ˸һӣò
ūе㶫ͻһѶڻ˸һǿûʲôãԼò׶ڻĶóһޱ
Ͷ٣һЩͺǡ
࣬ū̲ס
ʱ˵Ҳǣûпͺ
ţͷ˸ɵöԵҲȱ˶ࡣ
㣬ȥޱɡɵıȻ˵ĲǣƬҶ
Ͷûоֻܾڳ˺ܾ֮СʣǡԸԸҸһӣҵķܴ󣬻дһȥҰ˻һӺӡ
ԵĻһܼǺȥ˻̺ӣҰ˻¹񡣡
ūûм·Ҫ¹񣬵סĻ¹㡣
鲼ڼֻҪɻڿ죬ܵõ·
ûлػ
ͶЩˣ㲻Ҳûϵ
תͷͶЦЦڱ˿ɵЦݺܺʵڰͶٿɵЦݻô˵˼
ס˰Ͷٵ֣ãһסһӡ
ͶЩţŸɿ˺ܾãȷɸո˵仰ҲǿЦҲûˣ֮վҡھȥ˿
˿ڼݡ衱ʵһֲĸɹ֮ˮݣͻһζǺϲϣûµʱ꣬ɼָ
ڹúʣķҲƵϺˡ̺ӣޱΣĲ;ߺ͹ӣϻڷŸСװƷ׷а˺ܶࡣ
а׷˵İ취ܼ򵥣ҶԼġ
Ů˻еѡǾÿϸƷ
һŮͬʱºܶԵķͲ̫á
ŮԲͬǵϰס
գǾܾǶа˼衣
¾˶ǰ׷Ķǻǵķ
˿㣡ͬ溰
˿ľʵĲ豭ǽɡ
˻ǣյĽ鲼ǾӶ࣬鲼ĥãû˻ô̵ʱڰ·û˶ס
Ͷٵ˿ܴ󷽵һޱ
ͺûҪֻҪĹǡ
Ǹˣȥ·ϣͶһֱڶԸ˵仰һΪһӣʲôأ
ЩͺҲòײʡġ
Ժ󣬰Ͷپͺ͸סһӣһѡ
ѩٵʱ򣬳ڿͳƵĲֿĿСԼǺ鲼
ЩϳҪĶˡ
ǵ棬ҴǿԺн׵ʱ
ѩˡ˹ڴ̨˵
̷±ӣ·߹ȥ
ӿһ죬ͨ磬͸϶Կķ羰
˹ذѳ§һڴ̨ߣ̺һڳ
Ҫȥˡͷһ¿˹ص°͡
ȻͷʼŪ˹صָ
˹صָƯǽڷͺ
̣ѺˮŪˮĻͼ򵥹
ϸϸ˵ԼĴ͹滮ҪԱᡣ
궬׼һЩ˻Ļ࣬أҪˡȥ˹ص°ͣȻֵ㲻ӵ𣡡
˹Ѿϰ˳̵Ծ˼άҵԭξûкӡ
Լ°ͣҲӡ
Ϊϧ
˹Цţ볤ӣ
̵ͷӸζһ̶̵ĺ
ԸУ
ǰ磬ϲĽɫƽʱɵؼʱ̱˭ס
Һòÿÿ
ÿʲôͶÿ
̣ˣҲҪˣȻٴħɣҾǻǺġ
ûǹ£ֵǿԿ˹ĹΪسԱ˵ǳϸ
˹طס̵֣Լǣá
ѾױϰΪˡ
һûʲôãϾڡ
꣬Ҫÿ˹²˴


66 
ҲڱѾ, ĥĥĲԸ𴲡
˹Ѿڴߴ·, ڹܼͲˣǱҲͬ, ҹϰΪ
𴲳Ե㶫˹
̽ץŴ۾, һҧɽɵģ
˹̾˿Ѿû´ˡ
Ȼ˵ô죬ܲ´Ͳ£
˵⻰ʱ۾š
ֻҪƿ, 뿪ѽ, 壬ͷ춼, ٶҲ޼£ʮֹŹ֣ɺһǱ꣬꼾ʱȻ̫֮ݶ
ػ֮ǰһūƽûů·ƽ궳Ҫ궼ࡣ
̰·ԼĶƤ, еûж, Ǳ۾˵ϹҲ
˹ֻűĵ£Ҳߴٳˣֱ뿪˷䡣
˹뿪ĽŲ, ˯
ôůͣŲ벻ȥ
˲֪೤ʱ䣬̱ˣûԶٶ
ڴ·ȥԷ˰ѷ˵ѡ̾˺ܾá
ֱ˹ȥҪ˵ͱ˹˴һ
̣Ȼ֪˹󣬵Ҳ̫̼ˣ
˹ε˵˰ɣ
̾ôűϣˮ˿ڣľˢȻȲŰѷ˶ʳϰ߶̲ˣҶÿӣôʱϰţͷҲѧˡ
ȻǾԷʱѿ۶ϣôҲˡ
̾СƵı˹չš
ַſڣŪԼЩ˼ˡ
ԼԼ̶˹ιĲˣԼ˿ӡ
ԽԽ٣Ҳˣ궬Ѱڳ̵ǿԸ㣬ĳԴòصġ
żﻹǻᲶСҲݵƤͷƤʣ˼⣬³ڿȺŵġ۾졣
ǲ֪̲ǵӣÿɻõ͵ﵽǱ档
ڲܲ˵ʱðɱһֻ
Щ񣬿ɳҲޡԻҪʲôг
Ǳ嶼Ҫæµڶͭܣ֮ǰͭܵʮ˳ͶǼʶ㣬ȻԼŪۻ֪һЩԱָ㣬ǵĽһǧ
͵ͭѾǳˣҺ񱡾ȣͭڻ֮ҪܵģǺܴģƣһСһСصܾͭƴһ
̷ð˰ͭƴӺãȻʼˮͭͨӷ촦©ˮ
ӷ촦©ˮãȻ©©ĶˮΣˮ
Կ̶԰˵
İǸͲСаˣȻһɣʮֽʵһƤñüëܳһܲǵ׺ӡ
̹ĺܺá
׺һ¾ͺˣͷҿ̵
֮ǰĽǺ鲼룺νһЩưɡ
ѾﻹһЩȥģûժҰѣʣ࣬ڳûо񫡣
ȷʵǮĺöӲֻͨҪоƣûлĶ
׼֮С󲻽ƣҲԭȥʹģͻĸɺ˳̵ȫƻ
˽ǱȻϲص뿪
аû֣ţΪüëر𳤣ͬ嶼üǸЦˣ˵ǸɻŬ
ΪиŮ
ºӵŮӵľûˣü֪˶ٿͷŰԼŮú
ŮСʱû̺ȣðűȻʧȥΣȥժҰˣҰˮŮ˰æιԼŮ
Ů岻ãϸײģŮѾˣһһǿ׳İˡ
üһСѾƻȻԼƯʯͷó
˲ͬüϲľƷʯͷ
ڵӾںҵһɫʯͷġ
ʯͷܴ࣬ɱҪһ˫ϸɵ֣ü־һ˫֡
ְ֣Ůˡ
Ůڷ߷ĵ־ֺãΪ߷նԵõĽǰôˡ
ü˵˸ҽ
ŮԼ鲼쵽õĿ硣
ʲôְ֣õĿ鿨磬ǳˡŮ߹ȥ
ü򿪹ӣѾƵıһɴľζѵζӿ˵˳ζ
ŵζǾҪˡ
ѾƸͨͨѾƿ¡
ְ֣ŮСŹȥѾƣ
üһĵͷְһûأ
ŮѿгС飬ٰѴŵĺóƿź鲼Ƭſ磬һѾƣüҸĺһڳ
ŮҲһܵСںѾơ
Ҫ軹žͺˡüȻпһ䡣
һпղסˣһ˵һ߿ޣûйأûԹûԹ磬ҲûȹѾƣ
ü޵
Ůһߡ
ȰְԽȰ޵Խ𾢡
ϣİǶõһѾơ
ǵľôãһѾ¶ǣͿʼ˼ˣԶǵĿ
ıߵҲõһѾơ
ڻסûߵϷû˱Թ
ǵļҲѵʱʧ߰˰ˣﻹеĶ࣬ɻĻԼĲƲȥʳޱͷĲƲ͸ˣԶʡòƲƵ뷨
˰ѾʱǶãе˼顣
ֻ˵˼仰Ȼܺȵĺܹľơ
;ƹʱ˵˵ˣǻۺ;鶼ǲƸûǮӣҲܿƺʳ
⵹Ǵһ˼·
Ǻ͵ԼĲƲԽԽ٣ֻܱǿԱӵũ
Ȼڳ̵ϵũûʲôá
ũôŬõҲ࣬ҪǮܣҪ취·ӡ
˵֪ô֯רõĵϣͷվ̨µ˰ŵ¡
ŵ˿ĭԭĴӱСˣ˿Щ
ǵģˡŵڴǰûбֵô΢ڣĸԸĵͷϵĴ͹壬ֻԸܣԸ⸶
ǲ˹ʲôӣҲԼܲܳŵһꡣ
Ҷգ
ŵ¾˼Ժ˼ƽǵĿе֪ǸʱһУûǮҲûмҲʳǣֱҵʳ
ūǣǰӣûзסÿֻ˯ڲݵϣڣūȴɻ
յūһЩƽûҪá
ŵ²𱰲֡
ǻڡ
ֻǲŻŬΪͨǿļġ
һвô棬صı仯Żô
طũū뷽跨͵Ϊ͵͵õʳԶֻô࣬ӣȻˣΪʲô͵أ
ŵ¾óǸǻ۵ˣһǻ۵ˣСҲᱻС
һλʥԺԺϵŵ˿ĭС˵ҰŮū͸ͻз㡣
㣬˵Ǹϻ߳¢һĽף̵ϰֻܴӰŵû
ŵ£ҡõ˻֯Ƥֽ
µ֯Чʱȳõľʽ֯ǿĶ࣬ʽ֯֯һС룬͵֯һƥ
ЦЦȥƽ϶Էġáʲô˼
ֻ˵ϣ㲻ҪáʲôõĶ
ŵæ˵ˣ
Ҹ֯ͼֽΪλԺģǵԼĶĶ
ңŭֻҪƯŮūҲҼƽϡ
˽µĽףܴһʥԺԺ
ǰڽͼܣܣԺλϣֻҪʩСֶΣܵõ޴档
津ˣҪôˡ
Ҫô滹
ֻҪͶãûйƵıݡ
ЩԺϲЩԺϲʥۣЩԺϲŮС
ֻҪҵϲģûŪĶˡ
ŵ°ЯĻ֯Ƥֽ·ļвóݸվһԵĿϡ
ɿϰƤֽ͵̵ϡ
̵ͷͼֽ
ͼֽʱ򣬷ܰŵºͿϿˡ
ͼֽúϸ
ѶȲ󣬳ӴҪõ⣬õĶľͷ
ҲֻΪĥ𣬿ӳȻԺһµʡʡʱ䡣
̶Կ˵øǡ
ϵͷȻſڵߡ
Ҫʲô°Ϳŵ¡
ŵ´˸£ԭõĸһֶ˵
̣ʳ
ŵµͷ
̣Ѿƣ
ŵɵͷ
̣ס
ŵµļ˶
룬ҪǿģϾ֮ǰӵʱ滮Ķ࣬Ƭ·ӻв٣˵ϣһ׷ӡ
ŵС˵ˣҼңһа˸ˡ
ԼӺӻӡ
ӶǴСģֵûʲô𣬶Ҳļ޸ɰĺӣѵʲôԸܶƲҲҪǴ 
̣Ÿġ
ϣõģˡ
ŵ¿һԭֵǧƤֽõһ·ӣһҲԼˣԼã׬ˡ
·ӺƯǽ΢죬һԺӡ
ԺﻹһⷿӵĹ찢ŵû֪ڡԺ
ǷͲ񷿣Լһ
Ӻܴ󣬻һױ¯ֻҪѲŽȥȼѸů
˷ܵܽȥְ֣ⷿӺô󣡡
ְ֣ôʲôûУ
ŵºһ𣬰֮ǰĶڴ̺̺ӣޱٰѹӰڷźãҰǻһЩƷľСͻǮҲ󣬼ˡ
ΪǰЩԼǮܱˡ
ȫŪԺ¼һȻһ£ǳ
ŵ»һ·ӵϢֶߣǷ׷ܵȥͣͳʲô׷ӵġ
ʵŵ´Ȼ˵ϲʵˡ
ǶޡһҪһЦ׻
ŵվǵϾЩ˿ÿңʲôҲɣʲôҲ˵һ˫˫
Ҹ˴һܡŵ˵һһ룬Ҹߴôڵ֯øá
ǵõԼҪϢЦǺǵ˵ѽǰŵңʲô֪
Ҳǣֻ֪Ҫ֪ôһ죬һѧ㶫
ǻˡ
ô˵˫ûţΨֱסԼ֪Щʲô׻Ѹ뿪˰ŵµ¼ңԼһǼ֪ʲôкô¡
ϴʶȹ嶼Ҫ㣬ǵļҲһطܾͣá
ôһҹڶ̾͵֪˰ŵ˶
Ҳ̫˰ɣе㲻˼飬ϻʲôǲ֪𣿡
ողŽӼһˣǸ˸һֻԻҩֻҪɹĥɷַۣۿԵȼȼյʱ򣬸˶ᱻԵ²֪
ΪϢ֯ҪҲûطȥֻֻõ£ԷӣƻȥҪʾ֭Ϣˡ
ˣ֪һֻһᵽ˻
̴˸ǷΪԷҪ˵Իҩ
ԷȻ·ƣĸԳԣĸкܶףܴ࣡
ֱ壬ݵĺź
֮ûмźȥҲû˵ӦðȱʳʱϷɵĵܵģܳԵǶŹ
ǰС˵ȥŴˮûҪȻǲǮõˮˮƵڣ̶ò˼顣
ûʲôǲԵģֻҪеĳԡ
ֲִ졣
Ҫôźϡ٣Ҫôû֪źܳԡ
˾񣺡˵
֪ǰļ˶ʧˣһ̸Ȥæ˵ʥԺ˵ʳпǰɫģʥ͸ʥͽʳֻϵĽͽԳԣ
ˣǰ͵͵Թ
ѹɤһص˵һӣˣܰӶ
̣ôֵģ֪𣿡
æͷҵʱԼ֣ȻʥԺרˣҪˮݣȻʪܷͰջˣ
̣
ãĿ˵Ϳˣصķͻ᳤òá
ǰûֹźһ֪ԭźǶֻҪԷ˵ĸȷʵź
˰Ӷ˳ȿ̾ͻ˰Ūȥжһʳ
ҳ̻֪ôźۣԺ緹ͿԶһƷˡ
ӣȥоԺ󣬳ҲͦϲԵġ
ܲ̿ŶԷҪʲô
Էһ㶣Ȼϲص˵ˣҼʮˣ
һҪ·ӵġ
̵ͷԼʱ滮ʱӽĶࡣ
Щ˵кܶණҪЩڳ
ǼܣֲԲݡ
̾ãȫСٹӦþͿʵˡ
ǲһġ
طÿ˹ظ
лҪ˵̣ÿ˶ܳ԰׷


67 
ŵṩͼֽܾϸϸĺô, ǲѸһ֯, һγɹûʧ, µ֯Чʸߣ֯, ƽʱ֯ƥʱ䣬µ֯Ȼ֯һƥ
Ҳ, ϸϸоͼֽ, ׼Լٽи
Ȼû飬Ҳửͼ, ǵĴԲС
ǣ̵ȻҲǵ顣
㹻ģľҲһʧҲûϵ
гɹǽʧϵġ
оõĵ˿֮ǰͶʣݽǸʱоɹӰӶ, ûɹ֮ǰֳŵϵļ
ΪһţƤƭӡ
ɹˡ
ĳɹһϡ
̲ȥ, ѹС۰ܸܲѹ
ڰȵĽиʱ, ˹뿪أҪԨ֮£Ѹħ뿪֮ǰϸһ˹װһѶ
ϧûˮĿԼ˹İõĿ磬иɱһЩǿ飬Ҫǿ˹ܾ̻ÿ˹شһޱߡ
˹һߣĿĿųüͷĵЦ˵ֲҵһߡ
һֲֻҲ̧ͷһŻܸ˹Щʲôôǻϼң½֪֪
˹أ
⻹治֪
̣·ô
֪÷֯޻˹£Ȼôÿů͡
ʱҲûòÿ
ޱӦÿԡ°ͣתͷʿ˹أͲ졢ʮ𣿡
˹εϴ˵ҪߣѾʱƳˡ
̾˿ߵ˹£˵ô䣬ҪǸðô죿
˹أ
ȥǲģҪٴȥɣҾúھͦá
ڻԺְо˴ϡ
ʱּ˼ĸӵֱߵĺӣ֮ǰЩӸС
Ǹɲ˻ȫÿԼԲ̫û¾׵
ħ壬ڶйУҲθС
Ǹ롰ˡħ塣
˹ס˳̵֣οģµġ
Ṇ̀߳˹صֵûκ˺Ұ޿в˹صİȫ
̻Ǻܵġ
̿ſ˹ص۾
˹רעĿų̣΢Ц˵ұ֤
˹ߵûƮѩѵõĴ죬ֻгһȥ·ʱ򣬿˹ػѳɵٶôҲ·ٶÿ졣
веƵı仯ûɽ£Ҳûк
˹뿪֮󣬳̾Խˡ
ֻаϿż죬һϿҲģĴæһ˶ûҲԸһߡ
ڳܱȸŰϿ˵һƫƧĵطĻ
ǿںææҩģͽܣûԼű
ҪܿͺˡϿ˶
̴˸Ƿʲôõģ㿴ġ
Ͽ֮ǰȦأǸһȵĸоȻп˸ٶҲûãΪĵıȲÿ졣
˳һʱ֮󣬰Ͽ˿öˡ
ֻ˾顣
Ͽ˱̵ĹǷȾҲһǷ˵̫ˡ
˲һϿʱ˲Ǯʳ㹻ʲôҲˡ
ҰϿˣҲֻܸ˵ϻһƷҪиŵƷζشôãϿһҲûϡ
˼̸绨ѩ£˼ҸҪֶСʵĲȥ
öԷӹס
Է񾭡
㿴ϿԼһ⻭ľϣѾЩɫʧ档
̿˰죬ǿóһ˵ǿ׺ܴ󣬶õ߰㣬³̲רҵĽǶȥó
ȲдʵҲûһС
Ͽ˺ߵ˵ȻûһҵԻ񣡡
̣
Ͽʹļףֻ֪ҵĻ
˵滰˵ٻ֮ز
˵滰˰Ͽ˵ģ˵ٻԼġ
Ͽ̾ҵĲŻû֪ҵĲŻǲŻ𣿡
Զԣ仰ͦġ
øϿҵ
ÿԼ
вֽԻֽϣľ˵ԼЩֽɲˡ
ϿȻͬ⣬һһʲƵĴ۴ӳõֽ
չ˵ĺܺãʱԵûӡ
ǲزס£Ϊ˵ǸˣֻҪ˵κܡ
Ͽ˵õֽԺ󣬾ͰԼʼ˴
ʲôԼԻ񣬵ΪͭԴ⣬ղԻǿֻۣ۾ϸСԼޣԼͦû¾͸ҫ
ܼҶɧŹܶΣԼĹܼҺˡ
Ͽ˵Ĺܼͱ̵Ĺܼ£ˣƽʱڹܼߴ֣ȫȻԼǰϿ˵ĹܼңӦĺá
û˰ϿԺ󣬳Ҳһʱֽʿʼд
ȻĵȻǿ˹أΣԭΣ̵ĻܺãȻóˮۣдҲǸ߷֡
֪ϱʡԺʱ򣬰λϧҪҪһ꣬ϾĻɼҲر´࣬һкܴ
ʱ̫ûȥʡУֻ˱ʡĵС
̲پһθǾܾ˸롣
̻漫ˣ˶û
ǹܼţ̲ŷ»ֽëʣëʳīǺһף׼̿ճ
̰ѻõͼŵȥ
ܼҽԺһ¾ǹš
һܱյ˽ܿռ䡣
ܼ̿ҵľٶ֪ܼкҪĻҪ˵⻰ñ
ˡܼߵߣˣ߰׵ͷݵ壬һ˫۾ȴ񣬲ֻ۾˾Ǹˣȣʱ׼ɾһҵ
Σѵôʣʲôˣ
ܼҵͷ˵ѾܾûϢˣˣû´ĻʥԺӦѾˡ
ʥԺȨ֮һռ䶼Ըٸˡ
Ҳ־ܡ
Ȼ¡
ҲȻ֣һµȻµϹԼСӣҲζŹʲԷ⣬ս𲨼ʱôյԼϵĶ֪
Ҫһ˫˫۾ľơ
Ҫ˳ȥ̽ϢŴ˵ʮĵˡ
˲ҪñͨĲ
άص档
̧ͷܼңѡ𣿡
ܼȻѾˣء
ǳ̵ͣڿæʱصһʱͣڳ̵ӡǸˣȻҳӹɣܲӦ䣬ֻ̳̬ȡ
üʣΪʲô
ܼңغܴˡ
زǸٵˣ෴ܻãڳǰǱֵһһۡ
ΪףܸͬһˣԶǿϵĴƷҪڳӡһ뿨ȫͬӡ
ֻ̲Żס
̼סô
̲Щ£ûвܼȴ
ܼҰԼĿ˵Ժ󣬳˶±ˡ
߾ôˣҪݹļƣ
ǸܺõѡˡܼңˣʺһطȻҲǸѡ
̣һȥ
ܼҡͷòҲȥ
û˭ƺû֡
ܼңǰĸ磬Ǹȳӡ
̻û
ˣˡ
ܼҺ˵ҲǸˣȻȣӱȱ˵ĺãٱܵܵӺá
̽Ϣѡ塣
Ͼط̵أӺƫܴ󣬴ȥˣܵˣǿܻؾףؾø
̣ǿ߰ɡ
ܼңˣ߷ʡ
һ˵ǨƵ˲٣һҲʳԺǾͻطߡ
ʱ򱾵˲ŻǨӶ
üͷˣ̫Σˡ
̿ɲ븶ˣ󲻽ûõϢ˻ûˡ
ܼңСڡ
һҽȫСڻǸСŮû˻ỳ
СڴСʶ֣ҶҩƽСΣؼһǸСŮСŮ޺ġ
ڣǶԶغͲصĻҲСܶࡣ
룺Сҡ
֪Сħ壬ҪȷСԱȻһСӳȥ
ܼºܿС˳̵ķ䡣
Ȼܼ·ѾС˵ˡ
СǸƯСΪǻѪԲԨ֮µĴѪħ峤ô㡣
һͷڷڵ۾ѩ׵Ƥͯİѩ
˹վһ˵ͦŮġ
ˣԸȥСڿų̣ѩ׵ϷĨϼ͸죬ʮֿɰ
̷֪Ҫȥʲô𣿡
СҪȥ棬ȥ˵Ķ䣬˵۾ѿģĶ˴ˡ
̵ˣܻΣգ֪𣿲ϵΣգģܻΣΣա
Сڣ˵ҿȥ
ǿˡ
СԼС첲ߣ̿ϸݵĸ첲е㲻Ҫʲô
С΢΢
ԭϸݵĸ첲Ȼ
óһеֱۡ
Сſ죬һ򿪵һ˼ĴСϸϸܵļĿǻ
Сڱ죬ֱҲָԭòֱǸƯֵС
ҿֱһˡСڲ˿ĭһˡ
̣
ȻħǸСҲС
С˵ҵ֮ǰҸܵܶū
˷ǵݣҪʵʵɻСÿ춼ҪͿԼ͵ܵܵͷĸɻΪƯץߡ
룬ȥĿСƽӣСڣȥú룬𣿲Ҫ
ϾһҪѡСڣ˷ŵ;裬ŮҲԣֻʱûкʵѡ
ϵŮ˴Ǽ˲ţԵ׻ˣֻʡ
ݱݣҪǳڴһطΣա
Сڿų̵۾Сˣᶨ˵Ҳ£ҿԣһܱǣ
ɱܴöࡣ
С˿ĭСʣҺú񣬵ҳˣܼ޸𣿡
̣
Сں˵ܼ޸ҲûϵҿԵˣ
һֱڿߣ԰Ͽ˵ָƣȻ֪Ӻ˵
Ҳػش𣺡аˣҪˡ
Сüͷ΢壺Ҫ𣿿ɰϿ˾ܡ
̣Ҹһ
Ǹҳϵˡ֣СڵСԴ㻹ǸСء
ȥϢɣú˯һ
С뿪󣬳̲ŶԹܼ˵У̫Сˡ
ǰôϲСݼҵСֻҪݼҵСͣͻҪĵԣְ졣
еʱ֪ôӦԣ滵˲ְϷ
ʹˣ֮ǰԼĶȫٰѷԿײ
Էٿ֣ɽװԼʲôû
Էĸĸܲ˺ӵĿ˵ˣûޡ
ȻһϷݶ֪ǸС
Сܱȵԩͷǿ
Ժ󣬳̲žСɰ
ܶô˾ÿɰĺӣǾʵпĺӣǹĳɳĳ죬ǺӣȴҲӵӰӡ
Щӣиġ
˵СʱҲܵƤǺܻװÿ˻һ˫۾Ŵˣ᲻ö
ƤƤ
軹ܻ˵ȻСʱҾ㣬㲻֮ҷȱ˵ʲô
ƶмҳ˵˼ҵĺӿֶֹԣǾԼƤá
ٴضԹܼ˵úȥ
ܼҲûм֣һѡġ
ֻҪڶ֮ǰͳȥͺá
һŮū߽ܿ˹ܼҵǸôƯŮūҲ˵ϳɻŮūûʲô
Ҫ˵Ļ͵
ѸɹȻȥ͵һζûбֹΪɵĺܺá
Ǹɢˣµʱȱ˶Ҫ档
ܼҲ͵ˣֻҪ͵˸¡
ʱ򻨱һʱ飬Ҳһ
Ҫģҳڷˡ
ܼһ˺ܳʱȥ۲
Ѻܶ࣬ǶԸæ
ǸܻύѣҲܻ˵ˡ
µĹ۲죬ָܼ˳̡
ˣȶغͲػҪʡܼ˵
ܼҰԼģ鵽Ķ˳̡
һã
û뵽ССزԻ
һ۵ŮūǸμҡ
ñ˵˲ټñõ˶ж£ѵ˲
ܼұ֤Ҳӹɡ
ԷһǶԹܼ˵Ұɡ
Ϊ˱գ뿪֮ǰÿ˶һ

Ҫɫˡ


68 
̻ûпܾáȥݱ˲Ǻ, Ҳͨʱڡ
, һȰԼǲѶΪ֮һֺܺ濪ʲô
ڿ˹ǰԹ, ˹Ҳԡߵ, ˿κЧҪ, ֮ǰûġ
ϵ̫, ߵֶˣ, ˶Ⱥп
ڼĥĥ䣬һ·Ӽһףطֵ鲼װףƫƫ׳üһģһĨװҪֳ
Ҳ֪ҪȥȻ֪Ϊʲô֪ͨǵ̬Ⱥܺ, Ӧòǻ£һ˳ı, ҪѲشһӡ
ףأÿһ˰죬ѡһ׿խ˵鲼װ
Ҳ׺ܺãǸȳ, ôһȳĸˣҧһѡ׿ȷʴЩġ
ʵسòȵܵúãֻϴ·ҪѧŸɻʮ꣬͵ȥʱ˵Դһȥص˵ʱ򣬲Ҳȥ
˱ȵãеĳеסúҲӡ
ǵܵܣʱĲȻûȳǼĶԼһߣչ˲˼ûȸĸʾԼҪ
Щǲϸģһϸ룬Ʋˡ
ˣˣ˵ȾͲȳһܰѸĸӹ
ٱŬһЩ˵ûʲôˡ
һ
˵ʱˣ˵޶Ǽٵġ
ܺ˭أ
޸ĸǰ󣬰ܸõĶԼĺӡ
޵ܵܣܵܵʱҲ¶ΪҪȥ档
ȥֻܺԼá
ʱ򣬲ѾˣרͷԭһͷָֿɣԺ󷴶ˬܶ࣬ҲθɾˣҲϴģ˼صʱ򣬲ûѲϳ
𷢵ˣѸ߱ЩǺĳ࣬㹻һӢˡ
ֻһ·ȳ˵ȱ¶ţߵʱЩϧ
Ҫǲûȳ˵Ժд컯
ϧˣûôࡰҪǡ
صһνǱ΢ϣǰʥõĽͽķŻˣµƺԶ߲ͷǱǽŲɣᷢһ
쵽һ䣬Ѿˡ
ˣȥƽʱû𣬵ϸĻͻ֣ᷢϴȹǱԼĹģϵһǣǿҲ毺á
һ˲ʶأûԷ˵ӰĿ˵ˡ
϶ῨĲˡ
ʲô¶أ
˺ЬӣҪԼɣؿˡ
͸ϡޡܼһҲޡſϡ
زǱġĶǡЩŵԱߵϣһѶؼм䣬˶˵죬֪˵ʲô
һŮūһƽһ˲š
ˡ
ջûסԼָˣʲô
ԭΪֻһΪ˿ڲͬҪΪˣĴ磬ԼòѴס
ֻڣֲ²ⶼࡣ
ز֪Լò˵Ǽʵı쵱ư͡
ؿˣ϶Ҫ¡
һһŵλǱȽ˽̵ˣȻпǰ浲ţ̳̣ͳйص˽ĺ̲ĢȼһϵŨϲεȵȡ
óǸˣǹ۸ϺˣҲʥԺҪΪĺˣöݣԸѳݳһˣǴ࣬Ǵ⡣
ġˡҲǴˣȻ˷ֳŵȡ
̲ᡣ
˭һ̬ȣݸ߹˵ˡ
ôʱЩۡ
ضԳ̵ĸܸӣǳԸĸľһ˶˵İڴⳡн֣ҳһġŶԷʿ
ȷһ˶˵ˣæվΪ֪˭
һ䣬ܵ¡صĻӭǰ˶˵ȫˡ
Ȼֳúܶ࣬ЩڣϾִˣֻعڣҲżȥʱȥһݣԸһס
//үѧɣٷƣҰ轡ƽ˳졣
һɡ
ǲģҪ̽˵ԼԸԸ⣬ȥܼҶڳ̵Ķ߶졣
̰򵥵˵˵ȻĿ
һֱ
ԭվڳ̸ǰͷ̧ͷ˶Ϣ̧Դ֧ŲӣһմĿų̣۾ͨ죬ŴӺͶͷ
ڵƺ˲١
ԼһСʣҵ˼𣿡
ƺѾȫˣû⣬ƺڴӴȥҲ۾գĶԼ
æˡ
ԹԣѾˡ
ϴ߷ģǱ
Ȼˣϻڣ˵ʲô˶ֻͷȻóմĿ⿴ų̡
뿪ʱ򣬾Լߵġ
Ч̫棬ǱҪԺǲҪóʹˣǾ͸ɥʬһȻҧҲȫɥʧ˶˼
͸˹˵һħġ˵ĳ룬ǿƱ˵
ҲΪʲôħˡ
һάǣ֪ħħĿ̫֮ˡ
ֲħס
øκδۣ˶ָʾ־
һҲСķΧڳΪ
ҪģֻҪеģܱġ
һĳ֣ȻһԿƣͺʳһһǵõɣԶ
ħֻʣˡ
ϲһˣעҪһһħ
ϲˣҲһΪħѪĺӣǲ̳ħʵġ
ħ壬ۻٴֻҪôһħĻ򣬾ͻħ塣
ħ±Ԩ֮£ԱħҪѼʮĻû
̻ص䣬һǰԼһʲô
ֲ׵ľʲô
ص࣬վſڣȴȷԼҪҪƿš
ܼҺһ߽䣬Ϣվڳ̵ȿһó֪ˣˣҰǹߡ
صͷ㰲Űɡ
ܼҼվŲԼ³ʲôˣȥš
Щ±˵ûãֻԼƣŽ涮
Լ˰죬ˣתͷʹܼңгԵԵʲô
ҪԶȻ㣬ŪСģЩͬҲѳԣ̳Ժطʬ
˯ǰܼ˳̵ķ䡣
֪ܼ˵Щʲôֱʣ˵ʲô˵ɣš
ܼվڴߣˣһ¡
գգ۾
ܼҼ˵˵嶼ڵϣʱͳǰ˹ۣ͡˹͡ǶĻѪ´ħŵԨ¡
ȻǶѪ˹͡ϸ˵Ӧħ壬ʱħ
Ϊħħ۶಻Ը⣬ֻܱǰԨԭǵģĵǨȥߣûһ˿Ԩ֮¡
ħһ壬ԭҲħӦøħһȥԨʱ󣬾ħܼ˵˵£һҲЩ̫Զ̫棬޷ʵеĴ롣
ܼң˵ϣħҲù
ɱˣħӵӣٵħԽԽ١
ˣô֪ǡ
ܼЦЦ۾ж͵˵ǻ۹âˣһͣüģ֪ģˡ
Կ˹س⣬Ϊ¡
˹͡Ҳʶ΢ĩأ
˹۷ԣ˶干ͬΪ˵ѡ˷Լ
˹غͳ̡
ǵķ棬ΨһŮħԡ
֪˹͡ǰʲôġ
ʲôҲ˰˹ۣ͡ڰħƳħ壬֤ǸʱΪϧԼµĹء
ֻǰǿסĶһһߡ
ܼҶԳ˵ˣ鲻Ǵ£ҪȨԼ
Ȼܰ˷ֿܼҾֻ辶˼ȥ⻹ǡȨȨ˱ɹԼɹܱȱ˱ɹá
û뵽ܼҵ˼άôԾԺġһȹܼˣŷӦ
ڹܼҿŮŮ黹鶼һ÷ֳֻ˼ҺܿÿĲλ£ǵλ¡
ҳϣӳԿ
̶ǻиѣͬѧ룬ͬ꼶Ů˼ƯƯʲʺϵŮѵʱС辶Ÿ꼶
ǿѵƵߣǺζҲܲˡ
ֻƫȥ˼Ҵ
߶͸ˣһٶͬʱԺüһһߣ˵ĲһͻĹؼ˯Ϣ
̸˸Уѣؼְһٶ
ҳ̾ĶЩ˵Ұֲû裬軹ã˵ͷӲܳԿ
ĳ̻Ǹ꣬СƬоСƬӣǻ²Ҳûķֱ
ܲʲôԿġ
ڳ̶ˡ
ǲʲôֱ
˵˺ˣ˵˺ŮˣѵŮ˾һ
̾ǸǿƵŮˣڼ˵һСȫ
ɼλʲôֻܾ˭ࡣ
̾ùܼ˵ĺееҲûʲôáׯ԰˵㣬ƨطһͷܴͷˤβ˵һ̣ׯ԰̶ûϨ
ûʲôȨġ
ǳ̴˸Ƿⱻܼҽ⿪ˣһգɾĵȥ˯
Ǹùߵ󣬿˹Ҳǰ˹ۡ͡
û죬ǾҪˣĹǻûܴӳ̵ع˭˵ǶҪӦܳʱ䣬ֻп̵ʱ򣬲ŻĿơ
ֱһź̫̾ǿ̫
̱ǿһƤһΡ
Ͳÿ
غͲصļ˲֪ǵҪʲôֻ֪Ҫɳȥ
صļ˻ãصļ˺ǵġ
ǿԼĺӣǲظ˲һǸȳӣһȳӳȥˣܶʲôãһߣҲزˡ
ǰһҹصĸ׻˵ҪȻȥ˰ɣҪȥùòȥ
⻰ɲɱˡ
ʱܰϷһͷͿһãĴӡ
૵ʣ˾˵ҪӵˣҰѻø˰ҺòΪ£ҲҪø𣿡
ţǼ⣬ԼǱһ
̧ͷԼĸĸǸȳӣҲǸ
Ϸ޾ʲôҲ˵ˡ
ؾȻԼǸȳӣ˸ԼᣬҪԼסᡣ
һҲˣҪס
ӻԺֻͷᶨһҪɴ˵У˭ɣ˭ĵˡ
·ѩѾʼˣ̸һ¿һǵˡ

ò׸Լİúùһʱ䣬Ҫȥɻ뿪غͺһ
ûǵעȻûϡ
·ߵþˣֳʯ񣬲˵Ҳ
ıԼĺף˵һգֲ֪˵ʲô
ѩˣҪʼ硣
ȥСȫû׼ڸˮأܴͭӺŪˮʡºܶ޻Ҳˣǲ֪ܲջ
ǳŮ˼ڷ֯ɻ⣬ǶҪµأأʩʡ
ظֵʱˣͻʧ
ͷ˾޴ã磬ţͷһ˵ֵһͷţЧʻţߣ˸ԺЧʾ͸ˣԭһĶصʱ䣬Ķ
ϵͷţûɣ첻ǳԾ˯Ϳʼչ
³͵ʦ£ǱҲȥسݣҲȥ֡
Ȼ࣬Ҳ˼ѣ֪˲ūǰ
ūģ֪Լĸ˭һûиܹɵζ
ΪʳΪūģĸһ˱صūҲû
ԸΪūģƽȥŬܻһڷԡ
³öˣԭڰеĽţ䵽˵ϡ
Ҳ˵ʦĻ
ʥ飬Ϊʲôôܿࣿ
ΪЩ˲Ϊ˲ݸ߹Ĺ壿
Ϊһֻ֤ʥ鲻Ǻõ顣

³Եʦ˵˵öԡ
ʦûͷûԵһ仰ŪЩԺǸĪЦЦ
ֻǻûȵ֣ʹæϻˡ
ˣҪᵱŮʥԺˡ
ʥԺң˰Ҫˡ
Σյƽ⣬ڱˡ


69 
ôģ಻, ҺʥԺ˵ǹ⧡
Ϊ, ҲûԣûΪ, ڹҳһţΪƲʳʼԽʥԺ˽, ʥԺҲΪȼ˵һѻ
ԭ͵, ¿ɺ, ûˣҪôƫһ, Ҫô̵ôֱ߽Ȩеġ
Ҫ˵ɲء
Դ϶ʭӣɼȨҲûʲôôͷϵʭӶֻ
ʥԺ˺һƤڵĳ˰
ĵضռݣʥԺöģǳʥԺС
ⲻʥԺ, ϾʥԺо财
ս
ңձɽİ֮, һӣȫˡ
ʾ֧ǰ
ûɷˣӼλĵ, ҲѪ
¹ȻҪﵮСС;ͱǵĸ͵ʥԺһյϴʽﲻʥʥ飬˭֪ǵλͻʥԺĿܡ
̣治
һ㶼ǲʵģƫƧΧС˻пԭʳôҲó㡣
ڷչ׶Σոսӽİ٣˹ٴħҲᳬһǧ
Լչ׽Ƽ⣬ռɽΪʥԺҶŸɣ߶ܣ̬ƽϢˣ϶ˡ
̿ɲԴ󵽾ϵһԴһǧ
һǧ˾ǰʦ
ʳҪģ粻ܶܶľС
ʱʹɻȥ٣ֻҪˣҲû˻᲻鷳ѵ
վֻһߣȻ͵һֱ߶ʳһѡ߶
սԼҿʳƺܽܡ
ıߣȻҪͷ۵ľǸıߡ
ȻʥԺӮ󣬵˵ǰһأ
һССھȻΪվȨԼͷۡ
ܼ˵ʥԺģ㲻֧ʥԺҽˣɻᡭ
̾˿аɡ
СڹȲһ࣬ǿǿǳȻͳȥͷۣôó̫ʹʥԺҿɲô̵п磬ԱӲ⣬Ҳ𣬱Ͼ˵ĳɱ͡
ؾͲͬˣǿûп磬ʳֲֻ̫á
ʥԺҶԽãԽ˶
ֻȨǰһЩСƽŬʥԺҵĽܷΧڡ
˱֣ⳡȻʥԺʤա
ʥԺӦòϳҡܼҵƽ
ʧȥ˹ͷԲ˳ǰҲܸʥԺϳҵĴ̫ĿǰʥԺ
ſϣ룺žɴܣСˡ
Ȼ̺͹ܼʱһֱͷۣػǺָܿ˻ǿʼˣźݹðѿ֮Ҳֵ˵
޻ֵԶ˼ĵء޻ûֺãСˡ
æòɿͭܵģˮģûһš
ȻҲûУôۡ
æýŲմأ㣬Լϲ£ۡ
ʲô뿪Ⱥ·ϣһȥʳóԷš
ʳþǸ׵ӣЩӺĽŵʣԼȥ룬ŶӴ򷹡
ߵʳãѾ˲ˣ֯ҲԣʳֻǿţƽԵȥһʳá
ԿҰǰĿһСۻϣö죬ۣ㻹еζԺ󣬺ܿСС硣
ûԸԺˣԸӱӱûжУϾֻôࡣ
ȥĻƶֻһճɣեٵÿ
õλõľͶųԣֱϳԡ
úܴҲʵһСҰ㹻ˡ
̽껹׼Щˣ֮ǰֵȫСԺп磬ϵʳ﷭ȥüļҰֻǵ׺
ϧûеطȥˡ
رһλﰲˡҡ
Էʱ˶û˵ػ̫ƽȻÿͷˣھҲǡʧ١ǺôеҲĻܻȥ
Ҳվ
ÿһεȨзһ
λϮģֻҪ֣ƼǾԶǹ壬ҵ
ߵǰ͸ȥֱߵǹزеġز
ʿͬǹ壬ʱȹ廹Ҫͷۡ
ǻҵȽϸԣļͥÿ˵ţҪʳǮ
ԷǾͻȥҡ
ʵòǾͻҵŮ˻Ů
ȥԺҲܵõһǮ
ǿҪ£ΪǴţħе
ǵֱĸˣŴӹóһȻţŵһ˲䣬ϼһĵЦ
ˡ΢΢ȥֺûʲô𣬶һĵС
ùƸݵҲһЦ⡣
кǹúܲ۵̰Ĺ⡣
æ˵ѾóһˣҼôҲġ
⵹ʵһһϱ͵ܵܣܻܵǸȳȵĲзܵԭеҲҲ౻ԸɾˣиֵֹӣֻǾڼҡ
˺ôҲ˵仰û±š
ŵ÷ǡǳʲô𣿡
ֻװŸĪ⣬ڰڣԸѻ˵ȫͷүҪʲôô֪ûУӺаɣ
أˡûˣһҲҪ
ŷڰ˵˭ҪҪǻñǣ˵ϻˡ
ߺعţŴ˻ȥ
һʱ䣬ز˵֪̫ˡ
ˣǽӴ
ϵ˺٣ǱҪǲ򿪼ŵģÿ춼Ҫôкܶ͵Сʱ׼ں©ΪûƷǷֱ治壬һˣһˡ
ѩϼ˪
ػķ˺ܶ࣬Ǵ죬˱˰յļ⣬û˸Ҳ֣ȥһͻᱻڳ֣ӻܱ˵̬ƽˣֵܼء
ǵʳﶼģÿζҹɫߣҹɫڻԭκٶݣܸ߰ء
ԼԵǸɱſ磬ˮһݾܳԣһЩǺƵҰˡ
ںЩǲԵģȫȥ¸ˡ
Ȼײ㣬ЩϢõĺܿ죬Ҷͨƽ񲢲ǣҲҪűȥʾá
վŤŤԼĲӡ
˸ŵʱ򣺡ҳȥתת
ŮŮ˴̽Ϣķÿ춼ҪԼɷıԹ©ô䣬ǷǳҪ鱨һȹӣúͷôǸѵģǸԣͥС㡣
ӣȥķϵг˵ʽˮũҪǮҪʳ
ˮֵǮˣǰˮúܣв׼ųԵв׼ԲˣĴҲô࣬ũȥ걾⵽֣֮ò׾Ҳȥͳͷ
ˮ˶Էһΰʳǰһλ˼
λǸѸǸ÷ǳ˶ʵĹѸɷһ˶ӣѳͷûܿ˶˯һ飬ΪãҲò
вѣǸ߼ʻڼԺְҲļҵķˡ
ǵĴշתȻԼûʶȴ֪ܶϢ
ò׸λ˴Ϲϵ˲ĸԷ߶Ҳǰʱ͵ʱ䳤ˣλ˴ԼǸɽѣʼ͡
ڣλ˴һţƤ޷λ˰ȢؼңȴΪԸɣΪһ˵ܾ˶Է
öˣ򶼻ᱳˣֻǹ˵ڻŮֻһ
ûӶԷõõϢ
Ψһĺôǣһλ˾ٰʱ򣬻
ҾʱĽꡣ
ֻС磬ǾԽ᲻κιʵġ
϶ǵĸҲõ˺ܶԭòϢ
׳ʿ󣬳һλΪλ滹ǰѾʥԺ⧲غʿˣʳҲˡ
Ȼҵһ¸µ·ٷ١
׼еʥԺضһ飬ΪޣֻģСĹܲҲǸӾ
̵õϢʱˣǸμң˵Թ룬֪ɱȡѣֲСոӶᣬ˺ʳò׷չؾͻˣûмʱָ
Ӷ̫ף˿ڻʮ궼δָܻû֮ǰĹģ
һ磬ڶ硣
ܼҸ̶ˮûа취ûǮûˣûʽӡ
һУ˻ôᣬֻǵ׵СûֱʥԺϽ
ҵزʮֵñ̾һ
ף˲٣ӦöûʲôӰˡ
ڿԼϴչˡ
ʲҲʱϼҴڣżҲ˳̵ء
ʲԲˣһ˳̣ͲĿʼ޿䡣
˶ˣʲ޵һѱһᣬʵڿȥ˸һ鲼
ʲ鲼ѱɾ˸ᣬ޵㣬߷ʵ⡣
˻µĲƸʣһӣ游͸׼ò״ͨĹϵ۵Լ·ȫˡ
ȥôѣûͶ̣û뵽ûˣҪͶ̡
̶ѻǺĵģҪżʲô˵ļȥϴϢҪȥ𣿡
ʲҡҡͷһӻҪԳ˵
ˣһߵ£ֻʣ˵ʱ򣬳̲ʣ׷ʲôˣ
ʲӣ侲һЩҿȷԱûˣС˵ˣҵõһϢ
̿
ʲҲӣʥԺȺ
ǵǲ࣬طܴ˿ں٣Ҳһ޵ĵͣȴǸĲ˲ţһĮĳѪ̤һѪ·λģɱ߱ĸŪԼļܵܺ˸ΨһȨˡ
ҸȵʥԺҲγˣ̲̫ã˲
Ǻõģͳ£һģңѾշܱߵļСʱ׼ͳһƬ½
Ѿڱ߾⡣ʲкܶѣûں֯һž޴ϢÿһԱ档
ֻϢϢһѶѡʱ
սңǻܷһսơ
ҲһţЩС˻ûôĵӣֻд˲пܿǳ׳Լ
ʲ˿ĭ˵˱αװūǡ
һηʿ͵ҵࡣ
ʲܽţʥԺʥԺңղ˳ģ
һã˰죬ӹܼǰ˵ٳһϸ֦ĩڣҼǵһλ˽Ůƺ͹Ĺ顣
ʲǶˡ
ʲһõΣ˳ʷ
½ĸֱڵĿϵ˹ͱĸԼĶĿɲĸ⣬ʮСЩЧܶ඼ֻһôǹ
లꡣ
˵а˹͡ȥΪûãλ˼̳УļŹϷƬ½˸ԵĹҡ
ǿҲУԭʮҾǧս̲ĸʮС
ĸ뺷ԣɲ֣ࡣ
ԣΪֳʳǾڵĽࡣ
ͨƽﶼõͿɲϵýȥɲ߶ݡ
ڵĿ˹١
ʲ̾˿ȶ磬Ҫǲôģͱ̲ˡ
ûͳһƬ½ǰƪ½ͳһ֤ⲻǲܵġ
ûһ̲ʮСҵ
һ̣֮Ҫʮϵ˿ڣ׳ꡣ
һ̣ʣ׳࣬ʳ㹻Ҳˡ
ʲѱԼŪ鲼󣬺Ǳ˵˵ˣʱġ
ңʢǿˣΪػߣһ㱡¾ʯľ޷һ˶ֻһϡ
˿һܼͲϣֲԸʵʵеģÿڹԵ١ھӡ
Ǹǳ׺ݵĹңǵĹȫͽ
ʲԼĲӣЩɣʥԺˡ
ô붼ֻܵóһۡ
ǸͿɲˣҲùȽˡ
뻢ıƤʥԺôıΪԼôϵ˹ңҸǸһĹ
Ժеۡ
룺ⶼʲô£
ͲҺúֵ𣿡


70 
һ룬òֵĶѾȥ, һ˲, һæµջмӱȽ, ֵ̻ÿ칤ʱǰ˸ʱ, ʮ㵽һжݵĳԷϢʱ䡣
̲ùʱԽԽã־;Ӱ, ֵĻ˵ǣϰʱõ, ҪϣϵӰࡣ
Ա, 쵼ϣϰʱ俪ᣬһ߼СʱҪ°ˣϰҪԱЧʵͣԱʲô취ֻܰѹߣûмӰ๤ʡ
̵ʱ˵ͶأƾʲôӰѣ
־ԴóƣĿ˵ϵ²ǷǺڼ, ˹Ǿͻȥء
ʧȥݹˣȻ˾ԡ
Ѿߵ, Ҳȥ˾˾˾ʱǸʱ䲻ܼҹ˾, Ҹ¹
ǶԳϰˣﻹзҪǮϾҪϴѧˣְʲôǣȥԣ˾Ѷ̫ˡ
˾ãҪнʸͣ˵Ǿ飬ⶫЩǱЩﲻֵһᡣ
һĿﲻҪ˶о飬鳤ͼԱо飬ûľĿҲо飬˲Ҫġ
ֻ³Ĺ˾еҪоԱϣԱܰǰ˾۵
־ʮԺŵңڶҪ𴲣ԭïܵͷʮ꣬Ϳʼҡҡ׹ȳʮꡣ
Գ̷ǳЧʵĹƶȡ
ڽ϶̵ʱѹɣʲôõΪʲôŹʱԽ¾Խࣿһ껹õ˹˾ĽΪǸȼӰʱˣһһǧԪĳйȯ
ֻؼһЦõĸ˵ǾҼӰʱ䳤Ǻ¡
ǰӾ磬ô˾߲㶼˾һȫ̸ͨ˵ţʹ㣬ֿʼ˾Ժ󣬳̲ŷֶԹ˾߲ӡȫԴԼġԲ
һӴĹ˾һ
ϲвԼ²μʮָѣ쵼ǧڵн̸ȫǵλΪڵ⣬ûȥˣв쵼Ҫæƨ뾡취˹ע࣬ʱʵһЩĪԴ¹ء
ڵײԱûǵҲû⣬쵼ǶԱݹʣ͸ðݻɺãΪʲôûɺãǿ϶쵼⡣
̲ԼҲĹ˾
ƶ¹ء
ϰʱϰ˵㵽ʮ㣬һСʱȻһ㵽㡣
ʱǶз䡣
ƽǲܵģϰʱֻԷֽ֯ʹˡ
аĸڲֽҲˣڿԲҶƨɣֽԭӲݣҶӣѸȻƣôֲڣǲд֣Ϊīο
Ȼûָ׵õԭ׵õֽţĲֽǺܺá
ϧҳһ࣬ĲǶȥ
кܶԼ첻Ķò
ҪĶΣѾҪˡ
취ŪΡ
βִľΣûôõգεķҪôɹҪô󣬵ǲϡͣ⻹޷ȥƺþʣδſζɫҲûôס
εҪԴʽ֣κ;Ρ
뺣Զ붼룬Ҳ̫ܣΨһõεİ취ǿ
ֻǲ֪˭ȥ򡣡кܶõˣĵĻʲΪʶʲʱ䳤ʲðʧȥķո޻ǴĳֽǶ˵һϵơ
ֻʲյԼͰɳȥʵЩ˵
ܼԱ߹īˮ˳ëʣõľߣõĲ
ҲվһߣܼҲ˵Ĭ˺ðβ˵ˣҿԸһȥ
⵹Ǹð취пЩ̵Լ˸ߣҲˣС
룬취Уǳ忨ЦЦ޵뷨ܺá
ϺȻ䣬ѸǺ졣
죬˵ֻСȥ̣ͼдԼ顣
ο׸Ϲӿˣû׼ÿϳȥ
ѾȥˣܼҵִˣܼǸѵĺӣ֪ǻ·ϣʲôΣգһֱûеԿΪڶѡˣʼܼؽ̵һܼҽӰˣְϣߣԿǲᱻɳȥġ
ճ̻ǾʲȥΣɳȥ˳ħ⣬Ǵӡ
ԴӴǻԺ󣬻ȥ˴ѸӦȥҲûа㲻⡣
Դȥ˳һˣǴӶͲô־塣
Ҳͨûͷۣûצܶ˱ǹûҪЩյǣʵҲյʮޣϾҪǮҪҲ࣬ĻϣǮ
ںͺڵĹϵˡ׶԰ĸԺÿ칤͸һչЩӣڱֱţһӤ·߷˰æһЩƵ򲼣Ҫϴ򲼳ճ
ԶһɺӲеζ
ӵżҲæ
Ѿ׶԰ҵĴǣҲչСǡ
ԴӳȥھҪ£ôຢҪտء
Ҳ׼ôӳȥʱ򣬳̲֪ԭԼô¶ӡڴŵЩӶѾ˹ڳǱﵱˣȥ˷֯ط
ˣûжǽ̫չˣֻǵĹȳɡ
ǳ̲˵ǳ̾˼Ǻľ
ڼ廷УǸйУ뻷
ѧУһ̳бҵȥոձҵ꣬ԳѧУʩָƣǵ߽ȥȴһ޷رܵİУİֻһˡ
ֻѧУѧʦŻйУѧУĻİ
ԼĹѸ뼯壬߳ȥܴСͶ߲ʳĸ
ǴӳģԼĶͷ
ǸӴ󻧣˼ûбİãԸΪЩĺԼӣʳָǳԣѸݵ࣬ҲûѰ˵İ
ЩӵԼΣΪ˸Ϊθʲô
ϵͷСĻ˵Ҳ·ꡣ
ȫķΪЩӣûа·ӣԼķ䣬סϷȻǸΧǽûзķӣ㹻󣬺Ƕס¡
һʱãǸˡ
ϵˣֻԺǸȡ
óЩССÿ׼°ͣúںúôӣĹƽˮƽʡ
û飬ԽܼҵģֻǲܼģȽϻãطǸܼһ޵ࡣ
ںܿõϢõϢʱһ㶣Ȼ󲻸ŵȥԼֱۣһªЦ޻Ц
ħûжͬĺĵģִӣӣħ弥
뵱𣿼ЩСӣֲΪ˳ԣֱħ塣
ħôôִĶ
Ϊʳﲻݳ⸱ӣ͸ˡ
ħǸֵ壬ڲϣ³ˣҲŽôдҪп˹ѹţͷˡ
壬ħǡӡ
ϲŭȫƾ飬Ӳ֪ơ
һħ¶ôһ㡰ԡͻࡣ
Ϊ࣬ܿԼǽúѧץдһƪˡ
ƻкܶѧͲôԽʱڣźڵĶúõ׵ħ塣
ӳ˺ڵĹĵӦ֣ڴеʱ򣬺ڻԴ˵˵Сһٺ
쳯ЦЦݲôÿϲ÷ģ۾⡣
Ҳˣ˵ˣԺҲܺúóԱˣ
Щ˼ԼĶӡ
ΧҪôźڵȣҪô쳤ֱҪڱȺǶҵԼλӣھͿ챻ûˣ࣬ЩƺֻƮƮƶ䡣
һ˫˫ɫĴ۾Ӵк塣
ǽд壬кڰְ֡
ӰǵͷҪ뿪һʱ䣬ҪԹ֪֪
ãĵͷ֪ȥȥĶ
Ҳ֪Լӳȥ֮ǰ棬ӣôӸһһഫĵСųȻȻأԼȻֻдôһ֮ܳΪѵѡ
Լʹйͬ㣬ͬԼôµ
ٴӲΪӶЦ
СӤǷû˹עԼɤӺû취ֻȴϵһȺ߹ȥӤһסӤͲˣ޵ĿľΪ˱˱
죬³ͱɵ׶԰רƶɨäѧȽ̺ǡ
³·ʦѼϼܣܾܾһΣԼʮͷѧһĸûסԴǧٹ֣ԯޣĶȥԶ
ʵ߽ҡһڿεʱ򣬰³ͱˡ
߰˸ӣǵСһȺѼӵЧ³ԼȥѼϿΣҲȶźϿκá
̽񣬰³Ӳɣֻűӵʦ
ֻ̺ǵһȺܰѡĸȫˣƴд򵥵ĵʣٸʵɨä񣬰³Ҳͳ˸ϸʦܿչģɨäˡ
˶£ƶһϵй⣬ǿʼĥôʲҪλҪһЩ߲˵ӻĲöһЩֵ̫ľˡ
̻ðݷСѿ׼ѿǣȻûŴֻп磬û⡣
ȰСˮһϣȻƽľϣÿˮѿðһʱͳòˡ
Ȼڳ̵ָ£ѿˮ죬ɿԺ
ٰ֮ѿϴ飬ѿͿӵˮϰȣȻٻµĹﾲüСʱ͡
ͽɴѿͿ֭࣬Һѿǵԭˡ
ֻ¹󣬲֪ܲܳͣϾ֪ѿǣõŴס
Сһ㰾ԭڳƮɢһζ
ζ԰˵ǲǺ㣿
ͷȻóݵų̣ȫ֪ȫܣûʲô֪ġ
Ƚԭɫýƾͣ˻
ˣСľһȷѿˡ
ȴɫȴ̼ѿǴྶͥѿǰ׵ģȻðŽɫĹȴ󣬾ͳ˾Ө͸зһס
ȻûԽͿȱһĴָˡ
̰ѿǵСľһΪݸ˰һ
ζѿûǹζζΪŨңΪʳģûһӼζ
΢۾һֻèɵĴèһ
ƺѿôִζ
Ỵ̄һڰѿǳԽֻСһ㣬Ȼһһ㣬ĿȴͣڳϣȫƿѿǵУһ㲻ʵʵĻ롣
˺Ȼûʲôġ
˳̺Ϳ˹صĹϵʲô⣬ֻÿ˹ؿԣǱҲԣֻһȴ
ֻĿͣľˣԼҲӦǻ룬ŵѿǲռȫй١
ѿȻã࣬絹Ƕ࣬Сȴ١
ŸʥԺ˰ķ
ʥԺ˳ٳٲߵĺá
̰ľϵѿɾðȰõѿǷʮµĺǡ
ĺӿûͯĻᣬҲûκر˻ɵıȳٵ⣬һ˵֪ܳǵʱȫһ򶨣Ļϲصˡ
ŵûʮ꣬ʮβϣǿ㺢еһԱɹֵѿǣСľͣĽţһڽ£ǾͲ٣ԽԽࡣ
СҰǾȱ߹ţҰСС̺ͲˣݣٴαһһٽϵС
ıŵ
ҲϧСѿǣʣѿǾͻ˳ľ»СĺӲ֪ôʣӾһ߽Լģһ߰ǽʣԼŪ˸æҡ
ѿǱǿ𣬸ζ
ôϧгʱ
ȴûѿǣֻϧһС㣬Ȼһ߽ţһȥ׶԰ʵǶںͺסӣǰǿץߣڴĺӣڳǱ﹤ÿǴɨһ˵㲻صС
ΪԼǸˣȻǴˣҪһչ˸Сˡ
ѿǣȴֺ˶С
ڻ֣ŲÿһǿÿЦո˹ǡ
Ļ˻ԼľѿѾ»ˣæ˽ʡ
ǳԵĺӵͷ԰˵Կȥʳóԣ
ġֻǷĴƣǲǺҪ
ĻһȦӡ
֪ΪʲôȦȻͺˡ
ʱ̫ˣ˼ʲôġ
ٴθܵ˼ҵϢ
ڱһΪѾ޳ˡ
Ϊǳ˵İûкޣֻᡣ
ƬأƬϵˣļҡ


71 
³̲ġʥԺʱ, Ҳͽ, һ䣬ͽһ, öˣͽҲͼס, Ľѧɣ, ȽÿĸĶ, ٽ̺ôƴ
ǺһסǿɲʲôС֪ʶıˡ
ϲ׼, ²׼˵һä
ѵūͲū
׼;˵ģūΪʲôԭƽҲ벻ƽ壬ɴڱ׶ˡ
³ҲýЩӶûʲôã̽ҲΥֻԹÿ춼þܺǴĥ
ĥʱ, ³ҲҵһϣôҲ;
찲³ӷ, ׼ȥϿΣͿȫڿյϣﲻ֪˵Щʲô, һǶܼǾһ𣬷ֲ˭ƽ˭ūվͬһƬ£Ǿһˡ
ӹˣ©ˮ𣿡
ſȥ㣡
û©
ںõﰲװͭܣʱˮͨͭˮأŪˮԺ󣬽عˮò̫ˮĶԴļˮò
ͭܵĲȻֱͭͨÿÿ
ˣơˮͲǿ¥
³·źͭܣ֪ΪʲôȻ˸
ǻܶྪϲطĶȴˮԷһƽû˾֣͸
ȥЩƽӶʶ֣ʲô
˽
ҲиҰģ
³ЩãȻ벻ס
Ҳܳ֡
ƯƳγεͭںʯǼȺŰһһذͭƴ
Ĩ˰ѶͷĺҲܽһƴװһ˵ͭװˣͲȥӱߴˮˡ
ˮظںòãһС͵˹¶ģרӡ
Ҫֲ̻׼ټһװãˮˮտܺȣԼûȥһΡ
ǲ֪ʲôʱ
վڴ̨װˮ
ˮǴľƵģҲ˲ôãÿһʱҪάһΡ
뿪̨ܼ߶
ǱҲһˡܼ߶ûꡣ
Ǳ©ĵط٣ʯõ䣬ЩȻ̫á
ܼңǰͿʼ©ˡ
άһ޴ĳǱҪҲͬ޴󣬶ҳǱһάޣͲֻάһطЩͷۣжǮ෴ǮС⣬
ܲ﹤˶һʱ޳Ǳɣ
ҳҲ׼Ǳס̫á
ޡûôɣ׼½ӡ
ǳǱ̱Ͷʽжӣԭѧȥѧ԰ƣȻûȥϴѧ̿ͼֽ治١
ǰԺԺ̨ͤ¥ǰ˵ֻһΡ
ִصģֲũ廧ڣҲûء
ؽӣܾòȫ
ұ˵ĵضڻ̵ĵط׷ǣƸݲ࣬ǻҪʱĳ
ܼң½
̵ͷǱһ㶼ʵ𣿡
ܼһãʵãǱסˣԽԽʲôŽʵã
̣ʯͷǱҲýҲޡ
ĳǱūЩɶʵĵʯͷһ⣬ʯͷõģĲŽвңҪǽǣôǻܵУǱһסĵطôˣֵ
ܼŴˣǱݵֻгǱܡ
̴˹ܼҵĻһ˫۾ؿŹܼңҵİɡ
ǹܼҰѾߵĻ˻ȥ
ʲôɡ
ˮװ֮󣬳̸İǷΪһܵĳ٣ÿ˶õ˽ǿ鲼һ㲻ѿǡ
ڳ̵ûдͳϵġǮһֱ
˵̵أطҲ࣬ԽңǮԽֵǮԸҪʳҲԸҪңƽʱڽǮսʱڽʯͷӡ
ڳǱסҲסڲ©ˮķֻ֮©ĵطҪʱȥǶӰ죬ҲͲػôȥάޡ
֪ʥԺ˵ʲôʱϣﻹڱԹ˰ô
ýȥС̶׼ˣֻʥԺ˰˰һٿߣؾ徻ܳʱ䡣
ԷҲҪ̾
⻰Ͼվſ˵ˣˡ
վ
ǴֲʶһҲǴĿţȫļ
ˡѾǵһδˣڳǰֵ򶨵ö࣬ʼǼΣһ̾˵ȡ˾飬̧ͷӲŲһŽ
ϣϢ˵ɡ
һڳҿʼͱˣøسˡ
̵ͷûϵϾʥԺϽҪˣǲس͵ʥԺҪˡ
̵˵
ںܶˣܽɽ
ǮͶ
̼ˡ
𣿡̿û˵һϢˡ
룬ּһ£ˣڲù
ÿֻһ㿨磬͹ȥģֻǱˮнҲûˣ˲ѹƽ񣬱ѹһ飬ٱѹһ飬ȥûʲôճɣ˶ˡ
ݵͶݣûݵľȥСһĳУϣСһ㣬θҲСһ㣬ͨ˼ңûôƲܽϵͳȥ
гԮЩοƽˡ
ֻƽ񶼱ƶߵĶ뾡취ˣǵĿĵزŻ֣ᷢضࡣ
ǱҺʥԺѹΣȻҪѹתƵƽϣҪתѹðԼԭӦõҲѳ
̾ƽܿҲֻиĸЩ¾̫ԶʵͬܣҾͬܣҲʲô
Ϣ죬ζ͵㶫ʵڲоͽǻɡ˵
ͷȻԴߡ
뿪˳ǱæصԼסԼķ䣬İһסֻǾ࣬һΪԼܳζԵãһ־ôܣʵ̫ˣ
İǸúܲ壬ֳţǰҲǺ˼ҳﲻԣҲ
ΪūūҲǸôܸɻūԼŬСû֮ǰӶԲ
һˣһʳиࡣ
յңÿˮ߳İ飬վſڣ඼¶һЦ
вᣬԭף塪һ¸ҵˣ²¸ҵ֪һ㶼ܣСʱǿˣҲ
ʱʱػȫɲˣҺøյūͱ
Ϊɣϸڷ߷ҵ˹˷߷Ϊˡ
Ůʵ̫ˣһŮ˱ôҲ߰˸׷ߣ⻹˵
ûϣҪôףҪô顣
᣺ôôͻˣ
ڲǰһǰ׺ݺͲͷȥȻôֲĺʣ˵£Ҫ˻㱨
ˮ裺гԵģȵӣȥˮˡ
ˮǵˮЩϴԲ˵ˮͨˮֱӽأûлһЩҳɳࡣ
Ӳӹˮ裬˵ȥţҵˮͻȥ
ûһֻˮߡ
ʣγȥûΣհɣ
һ߳õĿͷһ˵ûʲôΣգ˵ˣΣգҲвҡ
Ǿͺá
һԣͷҲˣȥĲı˳ôֿʼˣ
ڰ֣ûϵҴСϰˡ
ϰҲû취
һǣ⣬κú£ˣܲκòë
˲һ֪Ŀħ壬Ҳ֪ҽ˵ȥҲڣװԼʲôҲ֪
ûӦİգֻܵıϣ
̫Сˣǰôʱ̬Ⱥڣֻˡ
ֻһҪʧȥ˲ᣬֵȥҶԷأ
ס֣ЦЦû¡
ޱĿŲᣬܲζ
Ǹǿħ壬ôǿҲ˰˵ĲʹöԷù㶼ǿҲû塣
᣺˯ɣ˼·һûϢá
Ը˯òãȥȡ
ǻۣ־ʱۣ˷
Ҳڵʱû˵лһһʡ
֪ܶ˿ᣬΪǸСˣһڵʱû˸˵ʱǶ²סǵġ
ҡҡͷϲǣûУڷ߷Ǿ˵ˣҲ
⻰пŶȵģˣҲڵʱҲúúչԼ
΢Ц˵á
Ц۽䣬Ư۾ȴ˵۾
ԺرøˣǾһԼķӡס֡
᣺ҾҲܺá
סķӣ⣬ħ壬һһ䡣
ܲģԼħ壬֪ԼͬĵС
ᰲûµģ㲻ٵʱء
ڣû˻µġ
仰ڷһЩ
Щź˵һûн뿴ء
ῴһ۵ʣǸʲôˣ
룬ʵҲû̫עˣվǰҲȥԷ±ûߣܴϸܵµϢǹǿģϢѹȸС
ȻˣҲܲ˵˺ܾòűһ䣺Ǹܿµˡ
ɴ۾ŵôأ
ϵϢܿ£
᲻ţһ̫ˣ˿϶Ǹˡ

ˣˣҳȥߣԼ
˵꣬ͲԼ߳˷ţȥڷ߷ʶȥˡ
°ʱ䣬컹ûȫҪôȥժҰ˸ƻʳҪôȺ̸Ц߼ӰɵܰĻ꣬ѳƷȥһ춼ù
ЩϢģͻ̫ûɽɻ
岻ãͲһϹ
ͬµļң⣬ͬ£ѾϣݺõĲݸһˣҲֵһӺһݲݸ˻ȵ
ǽ𣿡ʵ
ͬ»࿴һۡ
ûм
ҲûС
˵˿ǸŮˣ
ڷ֯أǲһ𡣡
˿ֻǴ˸ģá
ǣҲô˸ȡ֡
˿˵Ǹʴȵˣ
˵˳úܺÿ
˵ͣ˵Ŀڸˮʱ˵˵ǱǰԼļ˽ӹˡ
Ǻʲ͹ū֮ǰ˽Ĳ
ֻ˵£֪١
ͬһŮū֪£˵֪ʱȱūƽٵúأǰѼ˸սӹʱû꼾ÿ
۾Ź.
ŮūȻʲôȰ㲻Ҫˣôңļ˿ûˣҲǵġ
ܶ˶Լ˽ӹûźӣȴȥѣʵûа취ˡ
ѵسһĨЦֻ롣
ΪūȲѣǼԭסһСϣ̫ѣص̫£ֻҪսܻȥ
һһѹǼûа취ǰСˣǰһܵҲˣҲˡ
ڸĸûôǡ
Ƿʲô
ֻǷŲԼܵܡ
ܵǻôС֪ᱻȥɵܵأ
Ժܻܻطȥػ
Ĩ˰
֪Լ룬̲ס
ŮūȰúøɻҪô࣬˭֪أ
ūĸ磬ûµʱˣȫŮū
ɬ˵֪
֪룬ȴǻ룬ЩܷΡ
Ըȥǵˡ
΢Ӷ֪ܡ
룬ʱҲһϣ
ȷʵ˵кܶ˺ġ
ǮͶᱻ˲
̣ȿ˹ذ˴Ժ󿴿
̶Թܼ˵֪˹λħ
Ϊ֪ܼҲ֪˹ħ壬ԳҲٲҴţˡ
ܼҸ̵һˮĿбӵ˵ǰ
ȴ롪ħ壬ԽԽá
ܼ̿ҵӣʳһֱûеõ𰸵⣺Ϊʲôôħ壿
ܼԴǵ˵ˣħ̣թûԵ壬ֻ֪񣬲֪ơ
գգۣͦİԺҲûǹʲô¡
ܼҼ
룬˹Ǹħ壬ѾԵߵˣ
ɼħ壬ȫսթûһö
ҪǹܼҲǴģƻ˹ذһǩ
ĸ֡ջˮ


72 
һٶֵħ˳أϴο˹ش˶һ, Ҳϻصħԭʼ, ֮ǰħѾ˵ӣԭʼ˼, ²ǳ˾Ҳǳ, Ȼڿ˹ǰάһӣһ˹뿪ǵ, Ǿͻᵽ鷳
һħǡ
ƺǶЩͬԹѾ, ĵһ£Ȱͬſ
ϵҲȺ˾Զ֮
˭֪ʲôʱ򷢷裿
ڴ, ·Ŀ˹أ֪Ϊʲôȥһʱܾÿ˹صƤһЩģǳ̵Ĵ
˹شųಲתͷͿ۾գҲգĿ
ôˣ˹س߹ȥ
Ҫ˵ͼ˹һȲڵ, һȰڴߣһ, ûüӦ˹ؾ°ͣȵıڳ̵ǡ
̵ȿ˹˿æ˵δôôף
һħɲ, ٸʱҲûôս
˹ЦЦײ𣿡
㶣˹ƺĳĬȻ˹ʾҪľʲô
ںƽǺ£ǿݣôȶ
ȻĻʱڣ״սе˽ʱЩ׺ħܱء
˹˴ӻûӦѾ˹ȥס˿˹ص
˹ص֫ݣָзǳã̰Դ˹صνӴһ;ÿ˹ϵζܺš
èһƤûèһƤëŲ̫þ
Ҫǵǲ˵
˹̵ͷҶĻôܲ
Щ죬뷴ȴֲ֪ô
˹أʥԺ𣿡
Ȼϣ̰ͷ̧û
һڳһʥԺ
ֻС󣬲سˣǿܽܡ
˹̵ļ򣺡һ·ϣˡ
˲侫𣿡
˹ûʲô飬İΣ⣬ôңҲ޷ͬܣʮҾſա
ֻҪˣʮĺͯһˣܶӺھʣŮˡ
׳ֵӵʱ˱ߺصĲ½ܶࡣ
Щ˶սϣҾͻŮ
˿ڲᣬ˲һһѣһܳɡ
һ˴ӳɣҲҪʮ꣬ڼ仹Ҫ˻ܻܲǸ⡣
һ̣һҵǾ޴ġ
սƵˣսǹҡ
ϸֵĻսĶͨˣռݸͨˡ
̾˿ûսүү̣Ҳ弸꽨ų˼˼𣬽ЩĿӻҪᡣ
ľ㹻ôˣ˵սͼһ
̵ڿ˹صϣеңʥԺѡɵ
ǸϮ壬ҵ־ٴ룬Ӳȥ
ʱû˻ṫȻң⻼ʱɻľԼòִУֻҪɱһӰ٣һĶϢŻʵʵҵ
Ϊ̵쿪˹⣬ڶʥԺʹ߾͵ˡ
Ǹһͷ𷢵ˣݣޱ߷Ӽס·ҲǼƲϣҪ󻹸߸ӣʵڿ˾ȻʥԺ
ǻԴ¿·ʥʹ
õСǾͻȥͽʥԺʥԺ˰ʳȥ׶ʥǡ
ʹھزԶͣΪԼ˻þħɱ˫ۣһ·ûĵطظƬ½ѿ߶޴ˮͣתţˮ˳ˮˮԶ
ﻹð̡
ƺЦ
ʥصĹ硣
ʹߴ˺һתͷԼǣһҲ죬һ˼顣
ǻþ
ˣʹ߿ʱǱ棬ϵһʱõϢæǳȥӭӡ
ѾϰûʥԺĹϽ˲ǰһʥԺ˾ҪĤݡ
ˡǣҴȥˡ
Ȼʥʹϣû˼
ϾҪߣǵңСװϳʥʹһʱ䣬ȴͣĻᣬʥԺȱˣ֮ǰ˲ˣкܶ඼ʥԺʥʹְһá
ȴɽֻظ
ʥʹЩͷۣ֪һЩ˹ִ˵ˣʱ䲻
ϳߵʹ˸ɫ
ԭ·ƨħվʹߺȥ
ħεʱǿ׳ƺҲûκвƾǵĳ࣬㹻˵սľˣʥʹ˿ĭǻﺦµĶͣˡ
ã˵һ仰Ͳ뿪ط
Ҳ֪ôҵôι״˵ġ
ʥʹħǿҪߵƥߵʱæǿװ򶨵˵ȥɡ
΢Ц̬ȹİѶԷ˳Ǳ
Щǣʥʹߺ󣬱ǿ
Щι״ûһʥʹ˿ɿͬʱֺ֪ĸܵ˱ðķŭ
Ȼ!ȻԼʥʹһʥԺһʥԺȻʥʹϹϾ˵ȥѧ
ֻķŭûάֶãڿϵĴ£˳ȣڼˣЩȫͷţͺһ磬ˡ
Ȼ쵽һ϶˵ʥʹˣһȣʱȻ
ʥʹѾƽϢȥŭŭ˦֣Ǹʲôǵʲô˼ﻹûʥԺ֪֪ڵӦøл˭
ԭûʲôĿϣһ仰ʱ̧ͷ¶һЦݣڵȻӦøлˡ
ʥʹֱڵӦøлʥ飬ʥӻǣ
ɵһʥʹ
ǰΪʥʹȫǸ߹ģֱģ˲ͬˣڿϾȻһǶȥʥʹˡ
һͨˣֻΪʥʹͱ׿ΪˣǰִΪԼ̳־
Щ˾ɵӡ
ϸĪؿʥʹһۡ
ʥʹ
Ϊʲôң
ʥʹˣϲ˵ѵʥʹ⣬һᱻʥͷ
ĮʥʹĻƨϸ
ʥʹˣĿڸֿϻһԼոտӳ⣬һ˻˵ôãһֱ֣׳˵ˮ
ϲɽ
ʥʹûҵĻ
ûб飺ʥʹˣһж˸ǵģʥģȻʥǽѣˮǲá
ʥʹǵͨ졣
˭һѵܰù˿ϡ顣
Ҳǹʥʹȵģ˯̫Ҳû취£˹Żĵҹ컹еֻ
һжеģȻ廹ûʮˣ˳˵ĻǿθС˻ǿԳһԵġ
һԣˣܼҽ𴲵ʱڿ˹صϣһʥʹֻܶһˡ
һ˯ʵɿ˹ظ·һߴŹǷʣʥʹĶ
ܼҵͷվſڣڶ¥С
¥תǴСխС֮ǰ˴˾ͻᱻǸʱŻᱻųûһ˿⣬ΪխСԻ˺ܲ
ܼҹÿϰʥʹĶֹг𴲣ʥʹǸխСĿռһʱ䣬ĥȥϵĲ
ϣûбȳ̸ģʥԺˣܼҲôΪ
̴·ͷſ˹ص
̫˯ȫޣڱþȥϴ˰ˢڣŴЬȥʥʹ
ߵ¥Сſڣֿſڡ
ʣֻʥʹ
ϵͷǵģˡ
ףƺ̫ãԴԺˡ
ʥʹһ
ˣ̶Կ˵Ŵ򿪡
֣š
СŵƣԾʥʹϿⷢ̽ʱʥʹһתͷúͳ̵Ŀ⽻һһעų̵۾
ҽܵ
ʥʹʱȴ˵ˣֻǴ㶵Ŀų̣ĺ᲻»¿ʼߣ˺ƨɣһƬң˵һ仰
̲Ϊ⣬˶Чġ
ʥʹϣҲϻʵʥԺ𣿡
ʥʹſ죬֪Լ˵ʲôֻ𣺡̫ãҵʥԺ
ʥԺԼĹأʥԺҲкܶ˷ԣһʥԺµĹأǾܴЩصġ
ʣ˵ʥԺҪȺ
ʥʹãҲ֪
滰
̣ʥԺʲôƻ𣿡
ʥʹλشˣǷҵĶá
̣
˵Ҳ̫ͳˣʲôֶʥʹһ֪
ҲǣЩƻڸ߼ܣͨʥʹ΢֪һ㣬ѾϢͨˡ
̶ʥʹ˵ҵƽܹˣֻʣһЩūȥ껹иɺߣҲûжʳ
ʥʹǵģˡ
̵ͷǰСװóһ뿪ġ
ȻʥʹǳҲܷŹ
ʱ򣬳ָмԼħݣιҩҲôߣֱϴԡ
ʥʹȻû飬ͨĿų̣ƺֻҪһ仰ܰԼǹ̵ı
ʥʹԼ˳Ҫ뿪ԶԷ˵Ҫ̡
ˣʥʹǱһҹʱ򣬷ְ˹ٲ˵󡣡
ԭ׼߳Сĳͣ˲
ƬûпһֱǳʹǵҪˣôŬܵõҲޣȻȡ֮ߣһܴĺôǸ˵ͷ֪
ϣһֻ°ͣʥʹ˵
ʥʹ̵Ŀעţ˷ܵĭֻһͷһҪֺǰˣ˹ٴȥʥǣ˿ܡ
ҲŹģʥʹòУʥԺʵͽΪ¡
գգۣ˼ǣҿԡ
ʥʹˣһʥԺһΪȡģʥԺһλôʴȵĴˣ
룬ðȥкл
ôп˶ֳ࣬ɵķӡȻôãʤޡ
ɸ£нȵȡ
Ҳлһʲô£ʥԺ϶ôأɼɫҲᱻصע
̣ȲãҪʱһġ
ʥʹЩʧ䡣
̳ЦЦĺܺãԺʱ䣬Ҳҡ
ʥʹ־ˣһ᳣ģ
СװԺ󣬿ſ˵ˣСѾװˡ
վʥʹҲվ
ʥʹڲˣ
̣߰ɣðСͻʥԺˣǵøԺ˵Ӳù
ʥʹڰ鲻Ը˵ˣ
˵ܡ
ʥʹһƲƺһͻ޳ϧʯתҲ
ʥʹڣһ˶뿪̵أһͷֻҪһ仰ܱ
ϧǲ֪˶ٴͷûеȵ̵һ仰
ʥʹԺ󣬲泩ĻسǱԷʥʹľսʥʹߣһ
ʲôڲǰĿ˹ء
֮ǰûȷϵʱ򣬿˹ؾѾİռˡŮˡλӣȷϵԺ󣬳̲϶˹ضԼıѾá
ΪãıѾҲ۵СĻ
˹أͷ
ΪõĲˣĲ˳ЩѵҲף̳Է͸һɸΪ֮ûûϣҲŪʲôζĴ͡
ڳ֪ȵΪѣӲ˵ʳѵ
ΪѵҲû취ʲ֮ǰ˭Ҳܰκƾձ
ͷĺܺãʼͷʱеƫᣬʱеƫ࣬ϽûöԷԵʣڰѾˣͷװ֣㡣
ǿͷϡ
˺һСͷմ˵Խȥʱͷһͷ࣬ɳɳģȴ壬̳һͷһҰһС뿨࣬ųԱӣ¿ӡ
˹سԵĲ࣬⣬ز˳Եĺ١
̿˹ֻô㣬ĵ˵ҪȻðɱֻѼɡ
˹ҡͷá
̣㶼ˣ
˻һܼҵһ˫۾ɳ
ħˣһֱ
̼˵ȥһֻ־ܰ㱧
ܼһ޿
˹ЦЦãҲѼ
̴һӣɱֻҲС
ǰлֻҹи
ҹ˭


73 
ףתֵ, ƽ˷, ǶһߣҤ˼, ˱ˣƷҲ𽥱, һҤҤͽȥһҤҤȡ, , 鲻˵ʳ, ķѣҪϸĶԴСĺǻӳݵ
ͨƽ˵ǷǳֵǮƷҲǰݳƷ۸һ㶼, ٣һµ, ǵ˽ǲɡ
ûմղûҪ, ɹʵֲͣǱƷ
ҳ˺ÿ⣬ҲûбʵõȥһĴΪ۸ߣĴͱĸۡ
ֱڳʯ࣬Ժȫڿⷿ֯ͷ߷й̶ı鹩Ҳûã¶̫ߣǽȥˡ
Ҫǻ鲼ȥУֻÿÿ춼зݶ
켸û˻ֻҹﻻϱ˯һþ
̵ķ䵹һ쵽б裬Ϊ¸ߣԽԽ뿪䡣
Դʥʹ뿪ָֻ֮ƽºһ£޹أҲҺʥԺᣬԼȺһûʲôʵУ˵ֻнأϵʵġ
ӱ˿е֪£Ǵ￴Ĺ£ȻõΣأҲֻǾãΪԼйء
ˣˮպˡ˷ţ˵
ӦһȻųȥǱרŵġԡҡִûܹ裬ζԡ׻ؼңÿζԡԡ̫СԡסΪɸܾˣûԡϴֻ裬Ϳʼԡˡ
ľͰһһܰݵͷǣһҲܡ
ϴʱϲԱźԡֻһˣ˹ؽȥȥˣȿ˹ػܳԼҰζ
裬ϵˮɾһưɫۣⳤ۾˯£ѻܷ㣬ڴ˵㣬¶İš
ڳĳ̣Ҳһ㱡ļ⣬˵ӡ
ص䣬Ѿˣ˵ƣ̿ڴͷԼͷʱԼͷ̫ϴԺɵʱ־óͦãǰϷʱҲ뵱
ͷͷôûɰ硣
ȫ֮ǰ˹ػˣֻƿվſڣ˵ȥݸ衣
һԣŲͥҲմͻҳ˹شкȥ衣
ڴϵȿ˹ϴ裬ͬʱΪ£ɢ˼ԼͿ˹صĹϵһ£̴СӴĹ֪ʶ޷ǣ׷顢ӡ
˵飬ƺעˡ·ߴһʼͻȱ
ûнѡδ̫翣е㿴ǰ·
ЩãԼĺף˹û飬Ҳ֪δ˻ôҪǿ˹ǸŮˣδ·߾ȷˡ
˹ϴľǳ°ͣһ˼ӡ
˹ϻˮ·ĺܲؿڴţͷ΢ʪһȰڴϣһֻ첲ӳǰᴩȥ
ôˣ˹ؿ̣ܸܵ˹ϵˮ˹ص±ȳµ͵ö࣬죬˹ؾαģȴĺ̹ǣʺϱ˯
̿ſ˹ص۾˹ص۾һƯ˶ʱ򣬿˹ػԭӣɫ۾ʯһ㣬̾Լ˹һ𣬾Լռ˱ˡ
ִҲڱҲǸ˧磬˧úܲϡ棬һѧУץô˧˹Ǽ֮˧ȫͬ
˼Ժ˵룬㳤ôÿôͿˡ
ǳԱÿ˹ضĸ޸ƼûԵɣദһʱ󣬿˹ؾͱһֵӡ
̾ϲһԭ򣬱ϲ˹أϲ˹ءʲôţ
ģ̫ǳˣ̫˵
ϲ˹عܼұȿ˹ػҪ
ϲ˹ǿĽǿͦģǳݣϲ˳Ϲϵ
ܾΪ˹صŵ㣬ϲ˿˹壬Ϊֹûзֿ˹ʲôȱ㡣
˹ų̵°ͣЦأ
Ƥһֱ߻˳̽¡
˾Ĳ²ҳúÿ
˹΢Цţûɡ
̾˿ҪǹƾϲңҲ̫ǳˡ
˹أ
Ǳͨζʼϲ˵ԼŵҼԺãܴܸɡ
ֵû꣬˹ؾѹζʮ˵ôܸɡ
仰˹˵ļ߰ʾζ
һʱûӦһӦ˲ͨ죺㡢㡢ҡһСأģ
һʮ꣬˼ûнܹ̼ôˣû
Ҳȿ˹СúԱȣܸ˹رȡ
˹۾΢Уով
Բš
С˵ǣֻ룬Ժʲôӣеģܽ飬ҲкӣԺ󡭡
ЩãȻǸʻǸûӴʵˣԽ֮ǰոս߿һȻûʹ
ԺҲǴһܴӵʥԺÿ﷦ζ
ǧ磬ԵĶǶթֻڵ
˹˵һֱ
Ī
˹صĴָĦų̵Ĵǣ£Ķõģߡ
˹йδʵ޻ȴΪ仰Ѹٵؾ
˹ֱų̵۾
Ҳſ˹ص۾ǰԼᴩԽΪùһ̣ôˡ
˹غȻһת˵Լ£㻹ǵǵһμ𣿡
˵ˣôƯУ˭ˡ
˹أ
˵ȥˡ
ʱҸԨ֮ϲá˹񽲹һᣬά־òͻе
ʱ֪ôȫԼ
ʱǿ󷴶һֽ
˹ƺҲǺܶںľԺ˹ȥһ۾Ϳ㡣
û뵽˹ػôʱӡ˹ؼܣèֻûдԪڴ
һ֮󣬷ûˡ˹赭дԹΣҵʱ濪۾ģ룬ļҵСү·Ȼһ˻ܸԷ˵ô໰ɵ档
̣
ҾңҾȻ޷
˹أȻңҪȥء
ʱҾ룬ҲܺãҸȥϵˣɱ㣬ܰħŪˡ
ʼһִҺðѿصˣ³ħᱻħıٿأοʱСħ֪Լħ
ʱĿ˹һԴ뷨ôħô֪ĳԷˣΨһû뵽ǣСħȻȻܼҶˣȴƫƫ޲һ⻹ҪյԼߣ˫ε۾ҵ˼ҳ
ʲôʱĵģ˹ԼҲ֪
ֻǲϣڳ̵Ͽǳı顣
ϣԶǸ۾СħΪκԭıԼ
һɴ۾ţʼôģ
ͱũߵĹ£е¡
˹شչȥڳ̵Ĵһǣ룬Сħ˭Ҷġ
һԨħӲһϸס
̲Сˣһû󡣡
˹Ŀ⸴ӣѾˡ
̺Ȼйʮ˲ųء
˹ز׳Ϊʲôôʮ˳꣬ʮĳ꣬ħʮħʮѾˣƫƫְѳʱꡣ
̽ŸոյĻ⣺˵㵱ʱħ嶼ӹȻأ
˹ЦЦȻ󣿵ȻǹռƬ½ħ屻Ԩ֮£ƾʲôȴԨ֮ԭҲħһݵķأɫ⣿
˹Цȴصĺ塣
Ӧôӹܼҵڰ˹͡Ĺ¡˹ס̵֣һͰѳ̱ԼĻ°͵ų̵ͷͳǻ΢΢˹͡ħͳһ½ĳֻħ̣ܽħԹصʱΪԼͷϵڣħݣ˶ĵħ塣
˹أԲݣǳ⣬ǣ𣿡
̿ڿ˹صϣ˿˹شûбֳԹ޺ͷŭ
˹͡ҲǱħ帧ġ˹ЦЦǻѪ֪˶ѪκħΣҲһħ壬׷ħݡ
ħеúã˹ĳ̵ıһħǧ겻գԨ֮ɱ
˹͡ħħıߣְħƵٲԨ
ǿ˹غľѪʱ˿̣ħ廹Ԩ֮£ӣͬʳ
̣ħΪʲô
˹ЦɱˣΪħΪʲôħһѪͻʧ٣ħѡһʱħҲħ壬˹͡ħֳħ壬ħħ塣
ħһȦҲħҪҪģȫˡ
̣ܰɣܸϴˣôס
˹أħ޵УֻҪǵʿףͷħӣټħѹħҲֻͨˣܶͨ˻Ҫ
˹ЦЦ˹֣͡һħ뱻ȦĵطͻɿȺôѡ
һһħڷȲԼˣҲɱԼɷ֮£ֻһ·
̲ףô֪ô
˹أħҳΪħʱһ̳ħļ䣬Ψ޷̳а˹͡ġ
Ϊ˹͡Ǳߣ䵱ħ
̾˿Ȩܰ˱Ŀȫǡ
ǡôģ
˹΢أ뿴ܰʲô
ڿ˹ǸڲͬˣӵȨӵһСϵȨ̰ͼȨĺôҲȡȨһЩʼ޷¡
֡
ԺءŶһȻ˵žǱɴҶܳԵ𷹵Ӱɡ
ӣصԼΪūϵĻȥӡ
ÿһƽ񣬶ܳΪ
̼ǵԼϿһ仰ɲʲô͸ʲôǲʲôʱܲȥʲô
̵һηԼȻôΰ־ԼҪǰ⻰Լ˵һһȵĹ̽ԼĶͷһ䣺ûɣ
˵˵žͱ۾ڿ˹صĻ˯˹ȥ
˹ȴû˯š
ƺѻȫ˵ˣħδ
ħ֮ħ壬Ϊ̬⣬Ҫһǣħû̫ԣڱħûԵġ
û˸ħ˵ʲôǣǣǡ
û˸ħָһ·ֻںڰԨԶ³ֱ䵽Ԩĵײ
˹صͷų̵˯գ˯ú㣬üûһ˿ǡ
˹صͷڳ̵Ķͷһǡ
ԽԽȣ˶ʼϱĶ̿㣬Żǳ̴ķ糱ԭֻǳڳǱﴩǱҲѧŴֳִ̲ѧִ´ء
Ů¶Ÿ첲ŮǻԼ·˸׷ֻҪһܹճ֫ÿ칤Ϣ
һϣǾͻȥεĻᣬԶз䣬ϷҲһƬСأƺָоϵʱ򣬷ＸҲһˡ
˿ҲĻеһԱһ׷ѡһаˡ
а˺ܺ׷Ҳ׷ĺ⣬аԼҲûԼлᡣ
˿ǸܸеŮˣĹǿõĽ࣬ԱҲܺãֻҪıƷỻȥ
ܶԭ׷߶ȴˣΪΪ˿̫Զ׷ϣͲҪ˷ʱ䣬תȥ׷Ůˡ
ֻаˣʼһȻֺ˵ֶηƿɳ£˿Ǳˡ
׷ÿģҲܸɵģֻһͷԼĿ׷
˻Ҫǿʼ׷Ķ׵õľǰ顣
κѿūƽֻǳǱˣ԰ʱ򣬶ƽȵġ
ҲĻ˰֮ŷ¡
ûʲôдֻû꣬ؾͻкܶСˡ
ϣǲҪ̫ܡ
̻Щϧ
ڶħǵûвһεȺĻǵ£űһ뿪ħǴԼİȥĻᣬʵ۾ҪѪˣȥƻְڿ˹صԭ򲻸ҡ
ÿ춼óѪ۾ǰһġͬǡ
ʵҲ⡣
Ͼǰ⵰һУȫһ˭Ҳ˭
һЩ⵰ȸˣͷĵȻۺ졣
ǰһͬǡѸ
Ҫһ˭Ҳ⡣


74 
컹ûػû˿, ĺ, 峿ǿˬ̫һ, ʲôҲ߶, Ҳȵ˸Ҳðȥˮ, ϴʳá
ʳںҲ¶, æȻ죬˲, һߵʳð緹Ūһ죬Ҳ˼˵ϻġѡһȥŵİ͵һǸ͵»һǼҲ㡣
ݾֱߵ˰͵ڵ
Ҳû˾֣Ͼ͵ǳ׺ݳªҲûõĶȥһ·ˡ
һƨ, ϵˮԼ˱ˮ
͵¿, ԱŲŲ
ʲôأȻˣǱȵģȻܡ¶, ȻڴУԴˡѡԺŬǵ硣
͵ԱŵĹر죬ȺˣȺҲ֪ʳǳԷĵطһѷܹռ˼ӣ˭۾ﶼ˶ǿЩͬ񣬼ֱǺ޲ðͬƤ
ݣŶġ
ݺӣúɵ
Ϸ˸ֱۣҰˣ
͵£
ԼѾˣԼʱҲһȺҰˡ
ݵû˳ŹصĻ˵ȥֵʣһطģ
ؽȻ磬Ǹǿɲһ
صһʱˣȻˣԼǸѿˡ
͵µָľãء
ر졣
ȣĿһϴתЩ˱Ȱ͵ǳĸɫ۾ǲôͨ룬˸ƶϣǼǡ
Ͷٺ͹һ
ݱ⼸˫ħ֡۾һ򣬿ʼԼǲ˵˻Ȼͷ͵˵ȥ˵ǹúãȴϼܿ࣬ѾȫͬˣȻʡ
˲ἵʱԼúúܶˣֻἵԭԼ࣬ȴȻԼúõˡ
ǰͼ˺һҵƽһˣ˺ͺ޲ýȴǹúõƽ
ɼĶһ³Ҳס
أʣ
͵Ҳﷴ߶֣˵Ǻİĸ顣
ǵĸǺڼףǰǺޣٺ޶࣬ħԼŭ˶İúܡ
ݣϰͺˡ
Լ˲࣬Ͳټˡ
غͰ͵ֳǱ߿һۣͬǻǵһ˫˫۾ƺǲú
/͵£
ݺֹ۵˵ô
˵ͲҲ˹
Ͱ͵¹ϵãݵĹϵҲԼǷͬߵۣ׶ĵɹȥͬϢģͷת˻ȥ
ȰѵӲ˲òȲˣźûĵϣǵʲô
غܹȵ˵˵Ǽǡ
ʲô˼ڣװԼ֪ͷ˵Ǿ
ǽҹȥˡ
ݣȥ𣿡
ֽſ죬ǰһѵڶĹҲɣԳһһ죬ӹݵͷҪȥ
ЦҪɵڶĹͺˡ
岻ãֽÿ涨ʱ䣬ſѵĹꡣ
ݻӻ֣ˬ˵Ұ㣬һݡ
ܳãԼ
ݼֵҪҿѡ
ִݵ˵˵۵ζδйѣòôԼͨҲʲô˸ԸΪѷס
һһƴǣỹûֹݣܲ˼˵ллҼҳԷɡ
Ա˵ҽҪȥԣѸýĽȥʣµľûȥһҼ⡣
á
۹أλǽǿڡѡķҲˡ
ڹҪƨʱʳõӣŶ!
ѸٶѸųɳӣΨħǴͷԸŶӣһǰ
Ҳӡ
İǲˣʲôģ
ǣǵȥ
֪֪أ
ħЩְСİˣȻЩħλʵд
ˣħЦȻλ
Ǳ仰ŭˣôˣסķӻǽģбǱסĶ
Щ˺òҪ
û˾ѾҪˡ
ǰΨΨŵŵİҵźϣͲǰ˳ܵİˡ
ħǲѰ˵ĻֻðսǵϣһǸò˾ͲٰǿһµĵطҪȭͷ֤˭ϴ
ħǶ
ܻǲÿ
վںĲӺȻˡԵ٣˯磬𴲻ǱѵģЩ˼ûЦ˵ȵȣȥǰһ¡
ħͰ˳ܣ⣬Էͺˡ
ǰȥ첱Ӵ֣ħҲûõĶȥ
ûһҶ֣¶ֱͷħ¶ֱħͷ߶йǣֻܹŲӿ
룬ߵ򷹵Ĵڣȸһݡ
򷹵ǰòҵʳùĻᣬһһã֪ǺãգգۣŶһҪ򷹣Աһѣ˳Ȼ˭Ҳԣ
Աǳɣһϣһ˭ҲԣŶӸɻȥ
ɤŵĸ˶Ϣ
ĵؾҲʼģǾͲʵŶ𣿡
ŶӣŶӣ
תͷмĲᣬò£Ⱥħûʲô飬Ǵ棬Ͼֵħ嶼ˡ
ö˻𣿡ͷħ˵ȥŶӡ
ͬ˵Ѿϰ˰˵ˣ˭˭վǰ棬ͦƽġ
ͷħȻҲ֪Ǹħ壬ֿ죬¶Լݣм˵ĹҲҽУ
Ϊһħ嶼Ǳߡ
ΪЩħ徹Ȼܸƽ年ҵ˰£ʮֲҪ䵱ħ塣
ѹԼŭŬƽ͵˵ǹأ˭Ҫء
ħЦʲôأĹأǵĹء
ԼڼͬѼЩħѾ˻ˡ
ѹ˵ǱµĹء
ħ˲ʵˣѾߵĻֱ˻ȥ
ҵ˶Ըǵİ취ʤ׷ñǾǡ
ĻȥŶӡ
ħħҳڹģǾҪħȡ֮ħʱ
Ⱥħ˫ͨ죬ȴǹԹȥĩβŶӡ
ҲصԼӦŶӵλӡ
һħӾôˡ
Щģǲ鷳ɣ
ɵ˵û£Ǵ򲻹ҡ
ں˵Űɣǿ϶鷳ʲôõҵĵطǵø˵һ
͵Ҳ˵ǿɲǡ
ǰһħѾ廯˲٣Լ罻ȦӣѻˣԼĹԾĹأҾܲ
ϰ˹¶ɱζǾͲϲƽݵ
һħ壬ֻԼࡣ
࣬ͬࡣ
ǹ¶ģǱģֻܼһ𣬹ͬԿͬ
֪˺ܲʱҲЩͷۣҼǵúǸʱҲ
̲ףȥ˹̡
ֻǿ˹ػû˵ܼ˵ˣǸյʱػôūƽһһС
ûв࣬ͲԼˡ
ûã͸ſ˹һܱǿȥˣʱвħ廹˰£ʱҲûκֻÿǿĹħڹѣԼ罻Ȧӡ
ħ壬ǿɲ֮ǰħһＸ˶˽Ҳ˽¾ٰκӴһȥӾ˭εÿ졣
û˻Щħ塣
Ǳųˡ
ܼҽ꣬̾ˡ
Ǿپٰһ˶ɡ˵λǰκӺӾ
ÿԸ˶١
û˫ݣֻһεգһȥϴ裬ϴԼ·ɨӣżҲǷż٣ܺúϢ
˶ҪٴξٰϢһȥǶܼ˶ǵļãҸ˽ԼŪ£Ϊٰ˶ᣬӮһ˵Ŀµõ޺ͽ
ںܳһʱڣΪĽ㡣
Ͷٺ͸ڵõϢԺϿʼԼĶ飬⣬ҲһΪÿﶼй涨Ĳֱͬ뱣֤ÿ˶ܲμӣһûж飬Ҳͱμӱ
Ҫȥ𣿡ͶЩģԷʱ򻹶Ը˵ǿס
ɵͷͬͶٵĿ
Ͷ̾˿û취ֻȥǣҾ濴ô׵˰ɡ
Ͷٹ۲һ죬Ŵ￴˼ô۵ġ
п޵ĴڣͶһ˲ҹȥ˼ײơ
κӱӾͶǿ񣬡ǻӾ𣿡
ԭ׼Ͷٵħʻæ˵ôܲ᣿ǿɻӾˣ
ͶٷЩҲܺú˵ģԭЩźµ˵ЦģǾͺãҪٰ˶ᣬǵǵĶɣӮ˵ĻܵõǺ鲼˵ѿǣǳԹ𣿡
뿪ԨħһãȻ
Ͷʢʤ׷һ𣡡
ħûԹۣ󲻵
Ͷ٣ǵһȣһȥһ¡
ﻹһСǣȻۣΪ˱ƴˣ
ħССǿ飬۵ζɢĿǻ˿ƽ˲٣ŤŤʣӮǳԣ
ͶظƱǵȻһأÿ˶У
ħ忼һ£뵱ͽͬҲûʲôꡣ
ǵ֮ͬ飬ȻսʤǵĿڿ˼֮Ѹ˵ðɡ
ͶֿЦô˵ˣÿ칤Ƕһϰǵù
ҪѺϰκӣȥϰӾ
죬ȥӾһأ
߷һͻеڶͶٺܿԼĶ飬ǵһѶϺõġ
ӵ˷׷Ͷȡ
ͶҲûв˽Լľˡ
ħͷˣÿ칤һߵԽԽ٣ȫ򼱵Ľʧһʼԣֻʣħʱʶʲô²ˡ
أͷ˽ǣΪСʱ򲻻˵͸ȡ֣ˣҲû˽й֡
ߵħС˵ƭˣ
һò֮ǰͬǣԼҲ˱ˡ
׼ȥ鷳ʱһվǰ
˱ȽϵùȡҲֻʣĶ黹û뼯ˣħ壬űԼĶ
˾֮ǰʳ﷢ͻİˡ
һ֣뱸ս״̬ƺֻҪԷ˵һ֣ͻȥ˺Էĺ
ƫƫ˲·ƣͷЩ˼˵֮ǰʳõʱΪǹλӣǲ֪Ĺء
Ǻħ壺
Ȼǲ֪أȷʵǹλ鷳
ԼͷϾҪ˶ˣǵҵĶɣӮ˵Ļܵõ鲼ǡ
ȡǿóǳԡ
ǻû˵ʣͬԾԾԵҪǡ
ǵһۣħŰַ¡
˿ǲ˵˶жˣǲμӵĻǾûˡ
ǣˣ
˵ͷԡ
ʱŷ֣Լһħȫ߷ˣ
һȺ
òУϰͼӴ˵һ䣺ǲƷǱ˵ˡ
յġǣŵ׽һΪ۵ζ۾һߺܺܲƽ룺Ⱥͽ˭Ҳõ
С˵ҴӦˣ
˿˵ôǿ׳һõһ!
⧲һ䣬ɴû˿һα䣬ǵ˲װģ˵ǵȻұö࣡
ǻߵħǣȻ֣һѵĶȻǡ
һȥѵĶȻҲǡ
ǻûгѵǣֱǻ
ڹÿˣǲԼҪȥѵͬ塣
ǣ󣡱ţͷ˻һӮ˵ǵؾ
ӾٶȺÿ죬ܽ̽𣿡˵⻰塣
ÿα䣬Ҫͨǿװ򶨣νĿǵ˵̫ˣǿģ
ǣôһӾɣӾƯ
ǣǰÿԵʲôôô󣿡
ǡ
ÿ춼Ҫشһ⣬һ㲻ۡ
ֻÿ֡
ʱʼš
ǡԵÿɰˣǿ䵱ѡ
лҪ˵/ؾ/壺ʺƨ磡


75 
ű裬ڱԱ, ˬ, ͬʱԼϳȥ, »ԽԽʲôͷ
û˻ܽ, ˵˹أ˵Ǳ˺͹ܼ, ϣܡ
ȥˡ, ͬʱԼҵ
ĿãСҲӭҡ, ޻ÿ춼Ҫȥ׽棬溦ϧûרҵ֣ũҩԳ˵֪ʶȱֻܺķҲ֪ջ޻
źѾҶ, ˻ûʲô, кջ
£ǹص¡ڷɣҪɰܺˮש, ãֻܵʱȥǽĴ󹤳̣ҪܶשҪһβ̵ʱ䡣
ںܶǶûгǽûשļǱҪʯͷ͸޳һȫһڴʯͷٽǧ׳ٶ࣬Ҳڶʱڴá
ο£ֻԼĳǱʯͷģǱǵıݺϣѾ㹻ȫˣ޳ǽǼֱǳԱ˳ŵġ
û޹ʵ̫ʱūǲģƽƽҪ޳ǽӣԸ磬Ҳڷص޽ϡ
ԴǽǸͷܿͰ;ϡ
СҲСĺôֻҪש޳ǽѶȲ̫󣬲Ȼ̻治ῼ޳ǽ
̰ԼıʼǷЩʼǶµʱдģһһûйɣȥ˼ΣվԼҸɵĻɣԼһ½ǣٹ̱ڴˡ
ð˰Ṵ̄ѻõͼֽϡ
ͼֽϻҡʽҡ˿ŵƬתƬľ붼þϸСȡ
첢ѣ԰˵ѵĹ
Ҳûжʣ˺ܶ࣬ٲȻǹܼҵķ棬ֻͷϾϹܼҶлõʱ򣬲Ҳû˵ʲôҲʱ䳤ˣӦþͲôˡ
̸ձΪѧϰίԱʱ򣬸տʼҲ棬Ͼһε٣¹ѻ𣬻ǺְܾģȻÿ췢ӣҵͬʱͬѧǱʾвľң׼㽲ס
̷֣ʦȺ˶׵⣬ܽס
ټϳһϷȻѸٱϰְٴγ˸ƽͷա
ǸյõһݵʱǰĸãͷΪһµˡ
̳еʱ򣬻ԲԼҪڸеһ񣬿ϧһܾƹ
ھî˾ɼóҲùܼҶĿ࿴ţǼ⣬ᣬ̾ȥˡ
ǼӰӵ㣬ܿŪ˳˸Լ׼һ䣬ԼһЩѡõС
͵ǰģѾɸСɸȥ˳ʯ飬ȡ
ϣǼ⻹ŵ㡪ȻԼǳ̵á
׼ʲô˹վһʡ
̰Сҡʽһҡһ˵Сơ
Сʹƣ̵ֻСҲֻСơ
ҳ̲׼ơƣơƶͣ׼Ժľʮϡ
ҳ̻׼Ūҽþƾҽþƾͨľһõֲɣֻ¶ȱȾƵͣĴȾƶ࣬ҲͨľһԺȽ
ǰûǸˣȻҪ취ԼŪһЩϡ
ֻʲô̶ȣôֱǸ⣬׼һһΪհǰ˺󣬾ʲô
˹غְæЩûʲôȤֻǲ뿴ۡ
ҡҡ֣ܾԼҶгˣ
̾һͻᶫ룬Ķûʲôá
ֻ˲ܿǰ۵¡
˹رܾ̾ҲվԱ߿š
ʲôҪģ˵һ˹ؿų̲ͣζĸ첲ó̵죬ֱ۹ƾ̧ˡ
Ͼ̲ôʱߵԶ·תһȦ
̧첲˲ͷĺá
ݵʴ󣬳̾ͿʼרС󣬵ССԤһû̫ϸԺ󣬳̾ͣ˶
ˮװľһıˮϣٶȻҪȣóְĺˮ顣
̽һͲˣᣬ첲Ҳᣬ֮Ǿȫ¶ᡣ
˲˸ոԼĵ˵Ļתͷ˹ء
˹س΢ЦѾԤϵһ̡
Сۡ
ȻˣͺǰڼʱԸĸһ
ÿһʹ󷨣ĸնͬܲͱĴˣżһΣҲΪҪ㻨Ǯ
˹վԭأ룬ȻζֳЦȥϴ֡
Ҫϵ˽ʳǰͽʳҪϴ֣ˣǰҲҪϴ֣Ϊ˵һҲϰߡ
ϴɾֺСۣ˹ؽ˳̵Ĺ
̶ľԱߣſ˹طˮĻ¾ԼӦеŵ㡣
ʵ֮ǰûС󡣡̺Ȼ˵ǰ¡
Լ˵ʱ򣬶ֻĸоûոС
ϾʳǴףƷֻۣĥϸְ׵ۣһԭСӰӡ
˹ֻΪ˵ʥԺʱֻСȴûӺ
Ŀĸſ˹صת˵ǰ˵ҶģҪһ˹ӣ϶ܰӹøһ
û˵ԣûԼɹ
꣬ÿ춼һͻص۾ܿĸһֶĻһΡ
ԲʳҲʥԺӣÿ춼ܻ֣̿ı˿Լϵˣħߵ
ù˷֣ÿ˶Щ¡
̹õսľıֻԸֵС̬ȥӡ
ֱڣ˹غ͹ܼϤϵʱˣҵ˾ΥİȫУǸŵСкڲΡΡðһͷ
˹صһԼĸĸҲ˵ûͣǱȴᣬǸʮߡ
̣ҰһֱȥʦҵԺ󵱸ʦ
߶߶Ҳܿ˹öҲ̫뵱ʦʦ̫ˣʦֶԲԼġ
̣Ժ󿼹ԱʦһҲ룬ȶ
ڸĸȶŵ㡣
ڿ˹׼ϸʵʱ򣬳̺Ȼһ˺ˣ
Ȼ˫һ죬Ͱľ豧ߡ
˹أ
̰ðǾõľģóΪûбĤֻøɾϸܵ鲼棬ѽɺŽȥȻһľ壬ѹ
ѹһЩˮҲѹɷΣ֮Ͱľȥѹһ顣
ѾûʲôˣѹĻȻ˹ظˡ
˹ȳ̴ٶҲȳ̿öࡣ
ЩѹõġҪ¾ʮӡ
˹ˡ
Աʲô˹ʵĺȻ
̴ҲȻǹԱʲô٣С٣࣬ʵͣپҪ
˹صͷһ㣬ȻʣΪʲôйԱ
ڵ˵ΪΪҹˡ
˹أ
Լǻ켣ʱ̫̣廹˽⡣
˹ʣʦʲô
̣רŽʦѧУ
˹¾ԼʮֹªţǸͨ
ûмʹڳ̸ĸ£ʱֻʿͣӲḸĸҪôĸĸҪˣҪôĸĸˡ
һ֣ʳҪƳ̵˰̡
Լʮ˽еħı졣
̺ȻʣԨ֮ʲôģĻ
仰ǹ˿˹صĻ䡣
Ԩ֮ûл֣ΪҲžȻĹߣڵֲָڼµĺڰУֻÿһüΪˮŭ˺ҧ
ϡ
˹һλȥʱ򣬴˻֡
Ԩ֮𣬿˹زŵһħǧԨ֮£ʲôģ
һƬ
а߲ĺɫѪջۣһ㸲һµӡǣʯͷĹͷվµħǣ³ªŹ֣һ˫һģһģã۾
ɱˣƺҲ𣬰˹͡˴˵ǵĳʣˣҲ
ɱҲ˻ȥҪ¡
˹ظǣҪ뿪Ԩ֮µʱûһħ˷ܣҰĲҪռԨ֮ϵ硣
˹ֻǵ￴˿־塣
ǾԨ֮ϵΣգǾԨ֮ϵ硣
˻ˣȴ˹Ԩ֮ǵ֮
ﵱˣؼգٵˣƺѾˡ
ħҲԻ͹Ի͵ʱڣħռзֵأħ壬ħūˣʱڣħ嶼Ƭ½Ψһˡ
ڳѹѡ˷ٴռһϯ֮أ˲֪ħǱ˸״̬
˹͡ĵڵʱħ忴һߵ·
һĻѪħӦЩںһ𣬴һ磬ħǵǵͷԸƽ
û뵽ǼĹ׷ŵİ˹ۣ͡Ǹնħͷ­һˡ
ȻԨ֮£֪ٴԺħֻܴӲдǵҵħйĲôɹĻԻ͡
̫ԶҲû֤ħʱܹ¶Ǽٵģطһǧǰ£˭˵أ뷨
֮ЩˣѾ뿪Ԩˡ
ԨϤ磬ǿ棬ֻҪݹצӹ⣬ܻȥܳΪһ뿪Ԩ˭֪ʲôӣ
ֻǿ˹ҪǣǶܾܾˡ
ֻǿ˹ز׼ħ
δħ壬ħȽɵȽġ
ħ屻𣬰˹֮͡ǰҲйܶħǵĿ궼һɱе壬ħΪƬΨһ壬ûɹ
ؾ˺ţͷˣޱȣһҲ򲻹ħ壬ȴûһشҰǣƺһȴδֹͣȼա
ҲΪˣħҲˣȥҲЩƽ
˹͡ϣͼħǵϣֻǰ˹͡ջǹǣħעĿ⡣
˹ͬǵĿУֻ侲룺һȺǳǧ⣬ȻǱ򡣡
ɼûʲôһɲġ
˹ȴԳ˵ôƯǺɫģżڽ᳤ĢܳԣȫжҲôӣӦøûʲô𡣡
̲֪ǿ˹ءӹģ룬ûȻͷһϵġæ˵ʱ䵽ˣȥ
Ҳǳͽõķ䣬󣬵һĵݣ˵ĻóԼĸɣſڵĿϴżͣѡȫתƵ
̰ѡŵݵĵϰڳɡͣȻٰһЩڡ汣£Ӧֳ
ǡķӦʱ䣬һ˵ڶʮСʱʱʼ£ʮʮСʱʱ¶ܸߴʮʮȣʱڻýǵĵˮ飬͵ƿݣͨ磬ָųʪ
ҲǳԼڶ
ʱ˹Ҳһ
ڣ̽ȥһΣͻᱻȵͷ󺹡ʵôǱ׼䲻ȣصѸʧһȥͻᱻͷǡ
¶Ӧʮ嵽ʮȣȻߣȵбڣ¶ȴԼڶʮ嵽ʮȣǱȽ¶ȡ
¶ȣôҲʮȡ
Ȼÿһȥ־ԼӺɷôΪȾ׷֪˶ඪ
ó˸߿һ³̵ʱȥ
һͻæ²Ȼԡҡ
Ψп˹غȶ
ҹſڿ˹صϣϸ۲˹صëס
˵ľˣ̺ڿ˹ص˹ƽţһǡޡһ̷ֱȥ˹زź˶ʣڿʲô
̣㶼û
ѵħûкûкôɢȣ
˹طס˳̵ҲȣԲ
̵ſ˹صţ˹غһѪ䵽죬ƤǱģرֲ񺮱һ̹ǡ
嶼ȥҲ˿˹صϣ̾˿
Ȼߺ˵˹أҪ㲻ߣҸô찡
ֱ׳ԼҲ߳ܡͿ˹ˣһСأ˭ҲǣҲû֪ôſ˹
˹ص촽ڳ̵Ķͷϡ
˵ʱǻ΢΢𶯣ͳૣڵģ㲻Ҫҡ
Ϊħδӵйʲôħ壿ħԴѪҪ˵飬ϡĿûˣĸĸײ֪˭ֻһͨħ壬ĸˣԹѪ⡣
˹ص̵ִĳķ˿˳ָڶָл䡣
ħµͷҧסĴȴıԹ·
ûа취


76 
תȥƵ, ˮתʱǡ, Ұǲ̤ƽ·ϱQ׷Ҹ, ϵˣѾ׼ܷյϲ, մŸ㣬û֪, ǿ϶еġ
˭뵽, ǰػһƬֻغͳǱأūӶû, سūˣƽֻǼ
ڣȫˣؾܺһţͷҲܸƨħ塪˼ѣżһȵСƣȥԡ
һβ, ̵ķﻹű衣
һβҲͱ, ʧˡ
ֻøʱ䣬ðȥС
꼾Ҫˡ
꼾һֻڹ߻ܸɻ, ⹤߾ܿʼų٣вסģҲҵʱĻɡ
һת磬ǾæĿʼա
ûлȳ֣Ҳû֣˻Ѹٵıˡ
࣬ռһ֡
ֵҲѽ˹Ȳ֡
ʵĴźܿ˲߷޻Էߣ޻õٴ֮أû죬ĢҲðͷľ
̳źƬһҰٿһͷһƬ⣬³һҲûˡ
תͷۿ˹أ˹ǰŵʳȫͬǲ֪ţпԺܿüѪ˿Ȼʳ˿ţ˹ؽʳ̬š
˾Ĺ塣
Ϊѵõջ񼾣̻˰Ͽ˺Ϳһò͡
Ǹ«ײ˵ˡ
ֻаϿˣƸһʱвһ죬ûһԾ˵̫ˣûζѺȡ
̷֣⣬ƺκһִͲ嵭ζǳؿζǵͷ
ϿԼϣô֪ԼǸǸ壬ʶԼԼġˡ˳Ժ󣬷ԼӶװˣǿʼŷң˸ֵܺӡ
ǿ˶ӦԽˡ
ֺһϿ˵˳ȥˣʱðȵ
J㡣
Ͽû̵֮⣬չػʱˣûǲĿĳٶۡ
Ҳ֪ôˡϿ߱ʱܹϵĳ񣬲һ㲻ĵǴ
ϾǲԼϵΡ
Ǿϵ˶Ρ
Ͽʮֹ۵룺Ҿܻȥˡ
ΪԼ뿪أĻȥΪϮĹ壬һȥǰ
̺ĴĻ룺Ҿò̫ܣˣزû˹ܣʥԺء
̲֪ǱˣǱˣʮֳȵ˵ʥԺ϶ֹȨȥˣҪôһܣҪôʥԺ취
ȻʥԺӦҲ֪ϿǸҷϿ˱Ͼǹ壬Ӿʱ˳ĶȨȻתͶҵĻ
ʥԺʮӵ˼ƽֻƽҪοΪʳ²壬ҵο壬οԼȥ
ٲֹĲôĹ壬߻볤ϵĹҲʥԺλѾҡ塱ĹƾѾȨҪʥµɵĸƨ档
Ĺ壬͸ңΪиһ
뱻ʥԺǣֽţҪȨȨȨȨĶ塣
ٷơ
ϿԵùҹҲв٣Ȩ죬Ա㣬ú֡
̴û˼ЩΣ仹ûʲôȤǸʱ䲻ﻹʲôҪЩ裬ȥŪ
ʱȻ뵽һԼǰûĶ
ʥԺѸҲѵΪ˸Ȩ𣿸ʲôʥԺ⣬ҲҲ벻
̿ŰϿ˵
Ȼ뵽أʥԺҲأ
ֻαװ򣬵ʱһƤԼͬɱЩѾƭķֲ嶫
Ͽ˱ôõעţȻһ죬ŤŤĵ˳һۣһȶûУǱ׼İ͡ˡ
һֱزɣŮУԳ̵ǵȫҲʮޣôרעһһСǻľҪըˡ
̱Ͽ۾͹ġˡһҲŻæ˹ؿȥ
˹΢Цſ
̴˸£֪Ϊʲô˵㱻׽ڴθС
Ͽû̺Ϳ˹صü۹˾ͷӿ۵ķա
ǲһֻ˶ôأҪǳ̸һƽūôºܺ÷֣ɳ̲ǣס˼ҵĵϡ
Ҫģеġ
Ͽԥջǵֿס˳̵
̲֪Լ˫ľܾˣͷİѷˣȻһصȥԽ֮ǰҲû̸¼ġռԴסôϤ
еʱ򣬰ŮŮ裬˸ּ壬һû֪Ǹǰ١Ͼһϵеİ
硰ϹߡšжԼ˳ˣߺò˶õ³ȴ˵ȵȡ
ᣬѾս
ΨǸʱ̳ϷɳϷСѧʱھˡ֡ʱûھһѸ㣬ǸʱҪôҪôǮǮһСʱ٣ƽҲͼٿ飬ĶҲһСʱһǮ
ڸǵİ£ϷûǮһ߾յ˸ǰ˼ܳļ
ԶԺ裬DOTAĿLOLһ˾ԼǸֲȥŰ⣬оΪԭ桱ҵԽУһɽկʾԼǸҡ
ڱӦôȶͣÿڱͷڿ󣬵ΪȽ˵ġ桱ȴһûУ˵˾ò˼顣
֪㲻ҲöǱԹ䡣
ȿ˹ؽ̵ֻܿıӰſڴϣűӣŲԺתͷֿ˹վſڣпſϣ˫ֻأǻЦǸľ֡
Ҫá
̧ͷţӿ̽ǣСʣԡˣ
ʵǣǲǳԴˣֱʳ̫ã̻֪Դ׵ģԸ֪ԼڳԴס
˹أڡ
˿
˹ƺڸԼϾ˼˵Ͽʲôÿģ
ϿȷʵôÿӴ۾С촽ֻܱǸۣӺܺÿȻ۾С˫ǳɫ飬˳̿һŵӰϵǵ۾
̵ʱʱ򣬿þǰϿ˵۾
ڿ˹ǰǾԲ˵Ͽ˵۾ƯģȻæͣԼֻǿŰϿ˷
˳ԼĲ²˵˳
˵²⣬С˵֮ǰǸʥʹʱ˵һû˹ܣһʵеĶġ
¥ҪֽǣȻȥ¥ã󣬾ζںܳһʱڣǶи㽨ĻֳȻƺңɼֹ̺۵ľãֻҪŬһ㣬֪ʶȫڳپһδʧܣ϶Ū
ҵ֮ǰ˭뵽ᷢôı仯һ̨ССݻĻ
˭뵽续ɽأΪչһ
ҵҪĶձΪú֡
ѧĲôֻҪӲģ
ѧĿƣϾĿƳѧֻҪȥɼȥΨѧҪ׹ʽ
ѧɼǲô׵ĹʽǶԵģɴԶǴģʦ˼ΪѾ㹻Ŭˣѧǲ֮壬ʵǧ
ӢҲǱտӢӦԻУ˽ˡ
йоأ̲ôϲɼУʦ׼յδϽڿʦյ㣬¿γ̾ȥ칫Ҹʦϡ
ǿǳ̵ǿпƿ˸ȫеһȻһʮˡ
ʷǳ̵ǿǿżø֡
Ҫȥѧƣ˵رǿƶ
Լֹ֪Ǹѧѧ߱¶¡
ط
ǰС˵һλһѪ˵Խ磬㽨裬ĿΣƵС˵ô;ͬ飬󶼻ᵱʵۡ
̾ԼһĿ㽨裬רҵʮֲԿڣǸε˲š
ÿ˶ģܿһƬ¾ӿ粨Ҳÿ˶ܴһЦÿıǱС
˹ûֹʲôֻʣȥ
ò⣬Ϸ⣬ʵоͺһˣΪиĸʦͬѧѣ£һɣۣҲ븺Ρ
Ҫȥˣô죿˭ôСҶûŪʲôЧѵʡôһʡ;Լ֮ǰΪΪɹմմϲ
ִԽӴȫִĿƼƷ˻ﱻװװ˲ң
ѵŪޱ˴ʱھеĸ֣ԼԶˮ
վھ˵ļִĳʱ֪ʶóĳӣ
˭ɾҵǸɼСֶնд뵱̵ġ
̫ͳʵʩеѶȡ
һȻһ֣صضԿ˹˵Ҫȥ
زˣҪ
˹ϵЦҲĲ̸ոһһҲҪľ̵ı֣صģȴŹ⡣
ǹ貶ĿǱŵıʯھϤĴĥĥȥ˻˵ǣһҴҪϹԹߵĹۡ
˵ãӦò٣ʥԺûܣֻҪʳѾһˣҲܣҪҲҪһû˵Ĺҡ
˵ͷͷǵúȥ˴ǣܴ̽Ϣ͸ˣܴúĶҸով֣˻ڣױŽ
ǺԵ飬ٶҲûԸȥģܲá
־ǽŽһ𣬻ȡů
һƻĲ࣬ĴǣԳ˵ȷʵһ¡

ȫߡ˵Ĳأˡ
ȫоˡ
һ¾ģԿ˹˵̫Сˣ᳤ֻͭá
λҲ̫á
Ψһǣﶼ൱ƹһûһȥأܰǹܺ
ֻǳ̵ǻû˵ڣ˹ؾ˵ȥȥɣңõġ
һ仰óŵ䵽˶
߹ȥס˿˹صرϲ˹֫ϵĽӴڿ˹ߵʱԼصִĸо˳裬˰
Ϊħʡǰˡ
̵ͷڿ˹صϣûůġ
ʥʹ´ҾȥʥԺ˵¡˵ȰˣҲҪһʱ䡣
أ̻Ǻ᲻ãҸס޺õķӲãͷƬʳ򿪼žܴˮÿ˶ϧ
Ͷһеĸ
ССŪһǣĶǿ¥
ƫƧСŪɴǣûʮǲܵģڼ仹ҪΪ˿̫࣬һССΧʥԺ鷳
ħиֵôأܸһҶԿ
ֻõһϷݣܼԼ¡
̴Ժ󣬾һˣʵͿʼ˵ģ֪ֻͭʯʮޣҪ뾡취ȥһ֣ܾҪ𣬴ˡ
кܶණ죬гͰ·ȵȡ
ȻҲ֪ԼЩʲôڳǺõģ˵ܳɹأ
̺Ȼӿ˺׳־ԼӢ۷緶찮Լˡ
Ҫȥǣ϶ǰѽֵɨɾԾ˼άѾʼԼȥµطԺҪôˣˣӾͶˣֻҪ㹻ʳû˹
˹ԭϳ̵ġ롱ʣʳʳﶼ˹ȥ͸ǳԣһǣѿó쿨ȥˡ
̣е
ǽ裬˹߰񣬽ƺܼ򵥣ֻҪ۲¿࣬˸ɣͼֽɹҲܻ۾飬ܸӣһС¾ó̵Ѫһ
˹ƺˮģٺú룬𼱣ʱ仹кܶࡣ
̧ͷſ˹أÿ˹ؾһ룬̿࣬Ҷˣ
ԭһɫĿ˹ƫͷȻȾ˵ɫ
ȻŴ΢΢̵촽¶ʱ顣
֣һ磬˹رôֲ


77 
Сõ죬ѵ꼾ĺ, õСƶ, жʮѾˣܼľƵĳʢһ, ԼȺһڣ˼ҴӲȾ, ҰҰɣҲûҰɳȻ, ڵ˵ú, 
ԼҲһŨ, еơƣֲǴơζûȹִûСƣǸζѺȣԡ
ЩС֮һȫȥɿҽþƾ
¶ȿڶٳҲ֪, ֻ飬Сʱ, һҲûϵеʱʧġ
µ֮һ˳̳Լ, ĶǷȥˡ
ݳƷʳľƣ˴⣬Сͨû˭Ա˳ŵİѱʳɺھû˵ľơ
ƣǶǰõĽ͡
һֻһΡ
õʱҲȥժҰѣҰȥƤܷ֮ɹƶУˮԲУɬȥԺﻹйɿζ
ѹĨͷϣûʲôζͷ˲
ڼҼһ֪ôϽ棬Ϊ̫鷳ͷü򵥣ǲģǳ˷ԽԽˡ
붬֮ǰʲڸϻˡ
һģа峵һ޹޵ĴΡ
ʲҲ֪δ겻Σ㹻ССϺüΡ
һʲľиˣһ·ߣ˻˵Ϳ˫ֳڵϣһţ찵ص
²÷ˣҲվ¡
ҲλƵش³ʱûע⣬ˤ˸ſ
ͷȥˣޱվһߣ侲룺˰ɡ
ǴߵҲûõĶȥЩмʲߵϻƣѾһɫ·˫ȶЩɳȥħ壬ƺҲ˺ܶ࣬·ʮ֡񻡱
ֻȥϴϢԵ㶫˯һȥˡ
֪ʲǻˣҲżˣֻǺúչγȥˣ˳ȥ˿Σ΢ƵĴڹ̳һ㣬̣ࡣ
Ҳûʲôᴿĺ÷
μ۹ԭܼ򵥣Ϊķ󣬲٣ڲεİ취ֻмٳ̻û˵ɹΡ
ҪᴿִľΣûлѧҩǲܵģϧڱ˵ѧҩԹõĲ첻
ʲôΣӶܲµο϶˲ٵĴۡ
ǺúϢԵʲôеľͶ̶Կ˵
ʲǡĳ̸ˣһ³ԺȻǿԵġ
ʲ¸ɾˣܵǱķϢ˸ˮϴ˳ҪҪϴ裬ʲһĳͷ棬ϵ·֪ûˮʪ˸ɣʪѾγһ˱ǵζ
ֻʲԼȻڰ֣ûˣȳԵ㶫
˺ܹʣԵʲô
ķ¶ޣûӣҲûúóԶһг䶨ȫˣΣθڴ󿪣ҪҪҰҲҪ𣿡
˵ͷ˵УСơ
ʲֿЦҲҪ
ʲǿֺϴɾ֮󣬲ϾͰ˲ˣһС޾ơ
ֻҪһȣֳɵģҰֻҪˮҰˣӵκϾܳ⣬˱ô棬¹һܳԡ
ôһҪִ˿ƾøҰ˳Եû̫
ʲѾǷǳʢһˣƹûԵúãϾԵĶڸǸζĳ⡣
ʲȺһھƣСƺƺедʳʲžζﺬžƣǶڷ飬ԼǰܵĿûܡ
һǳȥ˼·ǰܴӱΣȥңѡȫӰ֪ˣˣˡ
ͽ޹˺üΣ˷µʱ䣬ʲԼ˶࣬ȥһεĵط
Ƭزݣٿܿư׻ư׵ĽᾧҲΣش˻μˮȻһΣĲĵá
ʲû뵽ǣΪλܹû뵽ȴǰˡ
˸ԴԺԭÿһεѾܾûˣҲҪǮҪʳ
ԭÿΣ˴ͷ⣬СͷԼȥʳƷǵĳͣ˵ˣڻûչǣζ˲٣òȥ
ʲԭֻܻһεʳôࡣ
Ҳǵһ·ù·ת˵ˡ
ʲһڳѸٰһɨɾڳǱߣʳȥԡ裬һ·Ѹ·ʱĳȫϴɾú˯һָܻ
һ޹αŽ˴ңڶһ磬ǾʹǺ鲼ˡ
̫̾㣬Ǯ㣬׼ŪСѧʳһġƱ䵱ǮĴƷֻãۣЩǮ׼Լд֣һͨõһַţһǰ֣һ־Ǵдġ
˲ðһˡ
ҳ̾ãûּٵ˲ţдֵֻм
ǳֽŪȽϺֽԼڷдƱţϽǰ֣ϽĴддÿ죬ҲԸд̫ʲݣõʱϲǲԼдġ
ÿµ׷ʣǾáƱȥԼҪĶεȵȡ
ҲŪˣ¸¾ˡ
ǿáƱ򵽵Ķǲٵġ
˻⣬мЧ𡪡ɵԽԽࡣ
ԼҲûжٽңͭҵǿԼ죬̸ģӾУϾǮõҲͬһģӣͭϵӡЩȽЩһţеĲͭ࣬еĲͭ٣ԼϲٵͭҺ͹ٷͭʲô
ôңǮѾûˣֻʳǮ
һСһ
ʲô˹ָָϽǵİ֡
дͷҲ̧ѾԼļ䣬һĶҲд⡣
֣ƽõһֻд㡣˳һֽд֣Ӧõַÿ˹Լȥһѧϰ
˹ضĴдֲ֣ΪΪǳ̵ġ֡ͼڣֻгԼö
дˡƱҪǵȵȶۣޱȻ޲ΣȥǺ鲼ʳļۣ󣬱鲼˵öֻ࣬źһũ
˹ؿųдģóƺͺãôӵͼڣÿһϸһԼԼãȻܾ׼ļǵ˼ƿڵĶ
̷ֿ˹ز֣ͶԼǰֽ̧̧֣𣿡
˹ҲƾܣȳվԺǰӡһݳдƱ
̣
һһԼдûκ𣬳ҲӡˢʶΪʲôҪдԻӡˢֻҪֺͷţֲӡ飬дˣ
ַһɵ
վ˹ر󣬿ſ˹ظ֣ú档
Ȼǰ֪ģ±˵ıʼû뵽־ߡ
дֶдһģһ㿴ɬ
Ҫǳͷʦ˵˹ѧĵٶҲͦ졣
һĳд˹ѧּдóԼġ֡ʻܶ࣬ôǲ٣ддһ۾ܿα
ܺá˹غòĿ佱̵ͷοǵĺȫ
̻ӿ˹ص֣Сֹ˵ͷŮ˵ǲģ
˹زԣڿУ۾רעĿų̣Ϊʲô
̣
Ǿ׻ң˭
ǳ̿תƻ⣺ֽңʹµ׿ʼʵаɡ
ֽң̲Ҫʵʱʳǻ߲ȻȥǵıƷֲǳ鷳ÿҪĶͬҲ㡣
ʱֽԺֽҾȥгԼҪĶ
߲鷳Ҳ鷳Դϲ
ÿһµ׷ʡʱ䣬˵ʱȻǲݳܣŵĶԽ࣬ԽаȫС
ֻһΣ°áʡʱȴƽʱһһѶ
ֻһˡ
߷һƬžǻ࿴ô¡
ǷʡǿϣǱϵֵ˲࣬һ˽Լͬ⣬Щˡ
һÿֱܷ֮ԼֽǶʵƮƮֽǺġⲻܺʧˮҲ
֪ǵĵĺ󣬺ܲ˵ھȥаҪĶˡ
һȺãĿſϣʲô
ֻþľĽͳʲô
Ȼ󿨵ϾȺȥ˳Уȥʱ˵ֻҪģҪ͵͵ضȥ
תͷЦЦһξͻϳأ뿪ҲܹòǴһԡ
ڿ˿ĭͷȹСݻҪ¡
ҲȺУǼֽΨ⼸ƮƮֽ紵ߡ
ڿϵĴ߽˳СⷿԭԱģΪסķ㹻ˣͱ˳УľƵĻܣȫǰģİԣÿһ㶼вͬĶ
һзƷȫƷ
ʳƷΪûʲôζϣκͽҲڡ
Ȼǲ鲼޲УҲͬвͬļ۸
Ȼ࣬ڡǡ˵ֱ߽磬ƵĿôɾ
ﲻûмУֳ࣬ǷˮһȾһӣһۻ࣬ǵӡУֳȴֲòȥĵططҲδرȼиɾ
ţվԭأ֪ԼǺá
ֻȸʾһ顣
վڻǰȡһСΣҪĶȻȥ̨
εǮ˹еĽܸ˵ӿֱߣҲûǮ
ʾ֮󣬿ԼȥҪĶ
һ˶һΣݣ㻹Ҫʲô𣿡
ݣȥ飬ҪҪ
ͷԼûпϰߣʳȥҳǱĳ
ԭֻһΣƺֻǸͷκԺҲˣȥһǣΪǳԷʳãԲǮûԡ
ȥ̨Ǯʱ򣬸õֽҺܿˮһ롣
Ϊỹһƥ޲׼Ѹһ·ȻƤ񣬵żᱧԹ鲼ĥ⣬
ƥļ۸ĻǼ۸ߵģΪ֯ϸܣָرá
ȻֽˣȴŻ˶
ƮƮġֽҡǸϲʵͭҡûΪūʱҲôͭң仹Ƚ϶ֻ࣬мкǮͥŻͭҡ
Һͽҵֻд˺͹壬Щԣͨ˿һӶûҽҡ
ݱĶ˼ҡ
Ǹ߲ã˴µһȥ˳С
Ǽǳ£ҹǾһʱƲֽҡ͡С
ǲѡСгɡСǼС
Ȼ¶ģȻûô󣬵ǸܼʣǸϤ
ȳļкöˣƽſڣ磬ﻹһǣһ˵һ򣬵ֻʣһˣ׵
ҲԱߣһҪԼĿ
ȼиɾˣҿ벻һӳＯһ졣
ϾǰĶ࣬еҲϰˣࡣ
ôƮƮĶȻԴͭңиƽģҵðž
һߣҲԼġǮ̾˿
Աߵʣ̾ʲô
æҡͷûʲô
ֻǲһֱûлܵԼĸ᲻ʲôΣա
ı仯̫ˣǾȻԼļУΪ˹ÿ¹̶ʡ
ԼڼֵأǼҽԺʣµʳҲֳܷһЩȥƷ
Ǹǣǿѡ˽½ףҲ԰ʳˡ
붼ûˣȻõЩֽҡ
Ҳʳȥ˽ˡ
ûϸļߣʱһеȴСĿܻĶһοܴҲֻܻô࣬Ǳʳͳһļߣûʲô
Ͼļ߾һף˶һ׵ĻͲ
̾ʥԺæô꣬ûŪͳһĶ⣬ӦԼú÷ʡһ¡
еÿ춼ܺãеĽܸҲæýŲմأ֮ԻõΪǳǱֵܼģҲǼӷͼû⣬һƫͲˣܳһʱ
ҲǾ²ŷ֣󲿷˳äʶ⣬Ӽ˳ǰĶȻʮڵļӼ󲿷˻ǻģǳʮͲˣ㲻
ѡһܸ˾ţ֮
ΪǺü㣬ƷҲȫ۸
ɨäƻ·Զ⡣
лҪ˵ֽҾѧУķƱһֻСΧãĵǮȥƹ㣬ΪҪ̫ͣͭһͭαѶ̫ߣֽãֽҲû塣
˵ֽƹԪСʹӦӡ󣩣ֽңҲƱӣԪʱǹٷġǮαҲУΨһԪھ»ֽҷͨ͵֮һ


78 
³̲ġھĥڽ̻˺ĸĶд, Ϊ, ԭïܵͷ˵ƣԽ, һǿŴԴ
ȥ𣿡ѣҲ֮ǰĵʦǮ, Ϊ̡ÿҲ쵽, , Ҳ٣һ㹻ˡ
³ʲôЩ
װǮ˵һ־, ͦģе࣬˵дס
³Ǹģ
ף˵ŵ׺ͽͣʲôܱóԡ
³תͷȥϵĶ϶Һò״ôǮ
ڰ³ĿȢţǰʥԺûᣬʥԺ, ӵһԼļҡ
ףУԼȥ
˵껰, תߣ˵һۼ۸Ժĵͣö㣡
, ǻûȥϰ࣬ſ˳ӣ˻Լ۵Сľʣ죬мˣﻹһѳɺĲݸر㣬Եչȥа˷ݸ
³ûһ
ףӹ˵ҪǮ
ҡҡͷ̾˿ϧ˵ɵ
Ҳôá
һǼˣô߶һֱܺ㣬֮ǰôʣûӰ³Ͱ׵Ŀʳʲô
ײǺ⣬ڴǰ̫ˡ
һ㶡Ǹʲôë
ʱеſˣһѷȥûʰ⡣
޴ףò׼˿ֱٴμ˳
ף
֪ġ
ӦõǶٹ
ӦĺܺãԭͲʥ飬ʥԺֻΪһڱԣʥҲܳԱܶסżﻹѬͱ⣬Ȼ۸񰺹󣬵ݺĻ
ӹˣ׶ԼǰʥԺôˣԺǸˣʥԺҲûһ˿һ⡣
ױ޴ףȻԼķ䣬Ѵ׷ڴ£ŴأȥˡѺһѵķӣ⼸ѡ£֮ǰæŲ£Ͼû˻ذǣµĹûˣǾͿʼߡ
ȻͷϻǲԸʵʵܽҪʥԺ嵹ǺܳʵϸɻǷĳߣȷ߳ŮҲʲô
ֽû˼һúޣչѡ
ߵһ룬ԭ·أصԼķʮ鿨һСźֳǼʦסĵطȥ
;һֻҰס׿Ұɰι˿СĿ硣
СҰ꿨磬ƾӦǸɵ󷽣ҲˣŰ׵ȣֳԵģһкԼͬһ
ױһȺСҰΧסˡ
ЩܸǳԣĸҰǽ
ϧոջҰһ˵ʲôӣ׷
·İͶٸ׽Χ
ͶɨѣһİҰǸˡ
ҪȥǼͶٸײ̫죬żҲ˵仰֪ǸʥĵʦͶٱ죬ҪǴˣˣҪ˵Ͳùǵ
ЦЦҲǻˡ
Ͼദô꣬׶ǼͬŻǱȽ˽ġ
ûʲôģ˵ģȥʥԺ״ôˣҲɲ
׻Ǹл˰Ͷٵĺ⣺ȹȥˣлл㡣
Ͷٰڰ֣Ϊ⣺û¡
վڷſڣ׳һ˷ţȻһңףˡ
˴š
׳ڿ˼ۣͬţڶչˡ
һ⣬ȫ֮ǰȫݳˡ
Ҵ˵㿨źװᡣ
ŵ˿úܲϻ͹⣬״ŶһЦһȥӣһ߿˵ôأ
ڲðװѶջȥĻ
Ҳ⣬ϾЩǸԷġ
ϣԷ˱ˮͷֵͦġ
׵ͷ»
Էûش𣬹ԼʣǮ
룬ûסʣʥԺ
͹ˮǰʦڰ֣С˵ʥԺʲôֳԲã˯Ҳ˯ãгкȣޱǣʲô벻Ҫȥ
ã˵ԼҪء
ӻҪһǰʦε˵Ȼʥ鷢ˣͷô죿
׳û˵ˡ
֪ʥ黹ǲʥˡ
ƫƫԷԼһ׵ôҲʥԺôá
ޱ롪ǳԱ˳ŵĻҪΪǿǡ
λŹžǵʲôصģÿҪĵ£óʲô
һԺ󣬰׾ʮȤˡ
ʱףλϣҲŰ³һ뿪ʥԺ
Ǳڳ棬Ȱָ˿棬ǳԼӵģ˽ͺʹף˵ϣȻûͣԳ˵ҲѵõζˣϻҰ˺Ƭ̳棬ǽԵõһ͡
ôʳĿ˹ضòϣСȷʵ߷ζķ㣬̳һͱˣ˹س롣
̳Ա㣬һɣﻹţҪڸһ̨Ծͺˣֻ浥ϷҲðϧⱲӹƶ治Ϸˡ
˹վڴߣų̡
̣Ҹʲô
ɡ
˵껰̾Ͱѹ˳Щǰģӱĥúܹ⻬ϧҲںʹ׵ȻȾϣֻܳ˶ɫӺ͵ɫġ
Ҳޣеˡ
ȻǲΧģûѧ꿴ʱѪڵҪȥѧΧ壬Ͽһϣûѧᡣ
齫Ҳǣһ齫ؼҲûѧᡣ
Գ̺Ϳ˹µ塣
տʼ˹زϤóӮ˼ѣϤԺ󣬳̾һѶûӮˡ
ϣһѶûӮ
̣Ұ
һֱҲ۵ĺòá
ҿ˹رó壬̵Щת
˹سĬ˼룬Ȼ˵ոѾˡ
̵ɴ۾𣿡
˹ָָӵİ塣
գգۣ
Ϸûʲô츳
̻Ϸ࣬һ壬һǷ塣
ϧò壬Ѿ淨ɾˡ
һɣϵøɴ༫ˣˣˣ˯
˹ذս
Щ˸ǷȻ˵뿴ĳ򡣡
仰˹˲չ˳򣬺ɫĳ·⣬ÿһë΢΢
˲䲻ˣվһպģ߹ȥſ˹صĳ֣˹ޱվţѾ͸ˡ
𾢣ÿ˹صĳһ˹ëûһ㹥ԣҲëһӲ˹رϵƤνһʮëСƬë
ħгĶ𣿡̺ȻеźԼħˣҲһԳ˭أ̻ǵ峯ʱһλɵ󵨣Ϊ˷ϣΧ˱һЦأȻˡ
ʱΣҲԼΡ˵ΪڳӣְʾΣֻûҲûʲôãбҵʱ뿪зϵĶ顣
˹رʱ򣬳һֱ΢΢صĴ̵Ҳʣ̺Ȼ˸⣬ͷڹĶҧгݵ˵ࡣ
̺ʣаɫĳ𣿡
һͷ𷢣һ԰ɫĳǾ͸ʹûʲôˡ
ӦͦÿģϾҪһТ
˹ǳ˳飺С
û뵽Уæʣ˭𣿡
˹أĸס
ɿ֡
˹侲Ľᣬ˵ĸһԴ׵ĳ򡣡
˫չʱ򣬿˹زŵһ֪ɫʲôɫ
Ԩ֮£ֲָĨȴۡ
ĸҲħһªǸԳƵħ壬ҺͿ˵¡
Ǹħ壬ҲͬУȥ֮ǰǷɵ͹ʯϣϿշǸλӣܿԨ֮ϵһĨ
æǸԲҲ֪
˹ҡͷûʲô
ĸײħ࣬ħȴܽħ壬Լ׷ѰԶһĨ⡣
˹ش֪Լĸ˭
֪ĸħ壬ˣڻš
˵ĿԸ󣬱Ͼħǻϵġ
ħ˵һֻ׶Ρͯꡢ׳ꡣ
һǿʼ˥ϣͻᱻ׳ħ幥ΪԷʳ
ԼᣬʣСʱôģ
һССģʧȥĸ׵Сħ壬¼̳ħ֮ѪҲֻǸûչ˵Ĺ¶
˹أħ岻ṥ̡
̫Ըἰʱ£ΪʱСΪó֪ʱͬѪӡ
ᣬҲе¡
̴ӱס˹أƺԼŵ¶ȸ˹һЩο
ʱÿ˹ǿ쳣޼᲻ݣʱ־ÿ˹ظһҪ˹ĺͰͨˡ
˵ˡ̽Ӳת⣬ʲô벻ٳ
˹شԡ
˿ǽ˯׼һˡ
˹ɻų̡
̣׼ȥʥԺ˳һ½ִǵ£ȻϴǸʥʹٹ֪ҪȶԺ󡣡
ΨһͨѶʽдţֻרţܶƽҲʹһסĳУȴܶ궼棬ͨš
û취һ˰޶ʥʹţֻԼȥһˡ
˹أãȥ
ڶһ磬̾ͱܼҽѣν̱ǰ󣬱Ͼǰûôң˿˹غʿܼ⣬ħ䵱
ǹܼҾϸѡòô׵ġ
غͿҲ˲٣ԭĿҲˣֻܴ￴ţΪŵĬӡ
ǿ˹أһƥɫӢˬһͷ΢紵мֵָӰӡ
ٴξԼѼֱ˧ˡ
ܼڳߣ̵ֳĿ׷ſ˹أصؿһ
תͷܼңǹĵ˵ҪȻȥϢɣҿõҩҲˣξͲҲų
ܼԭŵٳ̹ĵʻչ¶һЦģ˵ˣ廹ã̷꣬βһߣôܵõأ
ѵĶӿˣǱҲû˴š
Ѿ
ˣ̫ˡ
ˡ
·ҡ˹غʿħԱߡ
˵ͺȻһϡ
ǣͣ£İ˵ں
һȺ鸡ĽŲһ֪һȺѾܾûгԹˡ
ûз£һܿȺľˣڣһɫľ֧壬ƺһǵȾͻ۶ϡ
áʳóͷǿ˵Ͱͣ߻ûʾԼǿˡ
ǿͰ͵˵͡һ㡢һҲС
ͬҲûö٣ô˵˵
ϸ۲죬ȺǿﾹȻŮ˺ͺӣŮ˱źӣز´ɱûһˮŮ˵Ļۿš
ǿͷӴԼոһûãżˣ˫ֽľ
̾˿һûУٶЩǰӦǸƽ񣬿ܴûԼеǿһ졣
Ͷ·ƽƽϣγֻ˸ûдʳҪȥܰȺһԺٶȦӣ˴Լȥ
Ⱥ࣬ʮͷûһǿ׳ġ
ǿͷӿûзӦ˵ѡʳͲɱɱǡ
ɱƺԼסˡ
ĻǸźӵŮ˾߹󻹸Ůǰһվ˫ϥһ͹ˡ
Ů˵ɤɳƣˣǰǿҲԼأҲмҡ
ˣǵԵİɡŮ˵ͷȥһ졣
ŮҲѧӣһۿ۶Ŀͷ
Ů˻Ӥڿޡ
ǿҲᣬȻǿﻹũûиɹ£ʵʵĸɻΨһĿǿֵأõԼ˵ʳ
΢СԸò㡣
˰ԽԽأǻҪץȥ̣ǾʹԼӺˡ
ܵɽסɽˮ
ҰҰǵĶӣһҲֵֻܷһС⡣
Ƕ˴꣬ھˡ
ֻͷһεˡײ˳һˡ
ܲζĿŹǰŮǡ
ҲʵܲͬԷȻظ㣬˶Եñ֮ǰһ
̿۹ܼҡ
ܼ΢Ц˵ˣôԡ
ħ壬п˹Ǹħ۸¶Է̰ᣬ߲ǡ
ǿʱȻɢġ
̾˿һɡ
ʵСãǲûд
ܼһӸǿͷӡ˳ĵ˵һ䣺Ҫٴˣӣľòȣ˭
ǿۿͨ죬һգ۾һ̲סǾһȺҲ·Ŀ棬̻̲գõһůҪеʹίй
̲뿴ǡ
ܲζ
ִܾԼʯӲҵˣ̲ס֮ģԼˡ
лҪ˵ܣӢˬ˼ָӾɷ̬Ӣ硣ҲָŮ磬ӢˬŮͨõĴʻ㡣


79 
Х̴˸, ܼæ˵, Ұӷɡ
̰ڰ֣ԳȺǿ˵һ, Ҳѣȥ, ֻܸҵūһɻ
ϾȺ˹ȥϾ꼾, û, ܰţūһ, 뻷衣
ǿǺ֪ԭֻǱˣǾ֡
ΪֻһСˣ֪Ƕ
ƽǶĿ־Ǹٹ̵ģһɱȨһ, ɱſ, ϾһȺǿ˭֪һùĻ᲻Լ
Ҳж຦£˵Ҫ, ȥʱҲһ·ԺȣҾʹǻȥ
ǿûһ˵һãȻӻû˾塣
̶˵߰ɡ
Ըһѣ˽Ӳܣ͹ܲˡ
Ĭżֿʼн
ֻڡǿվԭأǱҰ̻̲գϢȻ¶һ˿˷á
ܼӣ侲˵ˣǲȵġ
ǰȴˣ˵֪ܵøһѡ񡣡
Щ˶ԣûʲôŵùģǸԸԼڿ˼õģű˿룬ǶЩ˼˵
̣Ѿز𣿡
ܼң⻹ҵʱ˵ǰһսʱŽвҡ
룬ӶʳɱԽûеҲûƺ⣬˾ޣֻûԣ׺ݲ̵˲ܹúá
̱۾Ѿˣ˵˯һ
ܼҴȰĿϢɡ
ϵİػͷһۣѾȺǿӰˣΪһʿﻹһЩУдݳƷʱˣͻᱻĥֻʣһ㡣
֪Ҹ׺ʹôˡ磬زͬǹĶӣȻܼ̳оλСҲûȥʥԺʿΪһ·
Ĵܶ꣬СʱΪĸף뿪ҵʱ򣬴绹˵࣬ʱԻؼҡ
Ҳȥʹȥţϧһֱûл
ǳ̵ʿȻԼ˻ؼңǱϾˣŲ£һᵽɤۡ
ذο£ְӾŮôҲܺúûš
̾˿ϣɡ
أ㻹˵ǣǵ˶ûС
ʿĶӣӳиҵĸսˣĸ׸ļޣԺҲûԼĸףĸ׵ĸҲԼޣû˹ֻԼ֮࣬ʱҲù¶
ػ˸ɵĻ⣺ҺǸǴˣȻǹҲûʲôӹ
˳ŰصĻ˵ȥǰļѣǰдţڡ
ܾûѶˡ
˭Ҳ벻ʻô쵽
˵һ·ǵʱ򶼱ǰһĻסˡ
гǽģǵʱᱻסƽ񣬵ýһʳǹ壬Ҫó
̱泳ӵˣƿӿһۣſڶƽЩòʳˣ֪ڳſڴ˶ãǽȥ
ЩҲͨˣʼʱҲ᲻ģʱˣֻܱԼӲĳЩ˲Ųʡ
ȷԺżĺֺõĶ԰˵ˣǽȥɡ
״ƲʣЩô죿
һɬ˵Ǵʱ䣬Լȥͻ뿪ˡ
ÿⶼЩѵˣڼȥˣһǵĳǡ
֣˵ףѣôʳôˣЩ˽˳ǣҲûзԣǻ᲻ᴳƽ᲻ᴳ˼
ܷǽȥ
̾˿ǸֻԼˣʱȻԭ
ڳŮ٣ݵֻʣһѹͷˣõĳʳ˳ǣڳĶˣǺܶ඼˲һͻᵹ
ˣǽȥɣ
ˣҸūֻҪһڳԵģ
ˡ
ĿӣţһסؿڣҲ²
мǧˣǼʮˣﲻǸǳһ᣺ȥɡ
˳ǡ
Ȼ˳ȴôá
ֵɳţ˺йֱ˲ˣڵȻɣһ·ǰֱߵæʣˣһչ
ˣܰе
ֻҪ
ЩﶼŹ⣬ÿ˽ǣǾܵõһ㱨꣬Ȼ٣ܱûúá
ڳ˵ѡ·ɣ
ǰг۸ȽϺá
ΧˣغˣϤ·ҴСסʲô
ҲˣȽſ죡
Ǹţֵðض졣
ǰѡ˳˲ģָͣ
ΣֻܳԼĽŭĿ
ʿɱ˿ɲܵͷոΧŵæɢʣ
Ҳǰѡģ꣬ӹƾʮӣݵֻһ˫۾رֱϸҪȴͦһ͹ĶӡˮģȻԲǾͺȱɡ
һǰͷһȥǣص
ⲻϾС
ǣ껹ǿشˣǴӱ߹İɣ
ؿԷ˵ʱϼѵЦɵ˵á
æ˵ߵ˿Ŷߵǿ׳Щ
νǿ׳֣ͷһӣǹǴˣֻͨûǸᡣ
أСס
ͷҸĸƽǰֵ
Ц˵˵㣬һ˶ţûбõˡ
ȥʥԺõ֮󣬻̵˸Ȼһ̵ߡ
ǵǻֱԷĺ˵ǰ飬Ǳ˸İöֱ࣬һ飡
˷Žǣһ˳ˣ
ĴһǸˡǣͬ˵ҪҰڣҶȥλ˵ˡ
һ꣺ݳҲ㡣
ȥ˿Ȼ
ܵÿ켫ˣһ硣
ֻл˼ң˶ӣǲܰġ
ʥԺư˺ܶ࣬ΪߣܶطΪ̤ͳе˲óеȱʥԺҲǰô֣ͽ
ϳߵ̨ף߽ʥԺĴţʥĵڴ룬ʥԺ˵ʥֻʶ壬ȴǸʥ٣ʥ۾ʹ˷ֲ۵ǳ
ʦųһ߹̴ķΣ㣬Էһ۾ܿݡʥԺ
ÿһʥԺ˶ܵõݣ˵˵ǹԱʥԺȨӣֻеʥԺԺǴԺٴϼʥԺκ󣬲ܳΪֻǸССׯ԰ֻܼʮϰҲһ
ЩһʥԺʵͽ
ʦߵǰһ񣺡ˡ
Ŀȷ˷ʱ˷ʱ棬Ժ˵Ժ
ﲻʥԺֻرȽϽѡ
ʦͷ
˵ĸ֣ʦһֻۣһ
̵ͷ˵ʦĲ
ʦǸˣȻò׿һظϹͬʥԺˣܻ׽һЩϣʦ˵ڸʥԺùʳҪȥʥǣԮģ¡
ǡֱ̺ӵ˵ϣܽһǡ
ʦһû뵽ڻ
˵ǰƽʱڣִǴôڣִǾʹŽ鷳
һϵأʥңҲӦȥСˡ
ʦų̣ۿЩ죬û뵽ϻôɵˣΪϻɵӣǾͻһϣ
̴Բѵ˵£ȻҲԸһ
仰˵˵ģûԭư磬˼ǵˣҰѵʦ۾˵ۣƺһգ۾ͻᡣ
ʥԺ˶ȽϵЩˣȨ⣬˶һԷյĻ㻵Ҳĺޣһų֮ġ
ֻǱʥԺϴԣų֮İﲻκˣֻƽԨ
ʦѳ쵽ԺǰԺվڴ̨СλԺӦ츳Ȼÿ춼Ҫ÷ˮȻϳ׺ӵͣԺǲġ
Ժܼһ͵ˣֻܼô࣬һſƴȱתͷʱ򣬳̻ΪԼϱ˵ķ
йԺ˵Ժҽг̣ʥԺׯ԰
һº͵ԺЦ˵Ҽǵ㡣
̧ͷ
ԺЩ˵ҸǶˡ
վʥԺԺ
ԺȰĿų̣㣬˵Ǹĺӣȥׯ԰
Ժ֣ʵԺ𣿡
Ժչ˲ˣȾߣȥˡ
ΪģֻȥϷʥȥˡ
ۿЩ졣
Ժޣ˶Щ˵ӽʱ̡
ʣʲô
Ժ̯֣һû֪
̲㱻ʱ˵ЦЦˡ
ιһʲôҪҰɣԺڣе˵Ӱӡ
̵ͷȥλʥʹȥҵأ˵һȱ
Ժ̾˿ΪǴǣûĴǣҵĲӣʲô˶С
ûƽǿͼŮҪһط֪ж𣿡ԺȰǲĻֻ뷽跨ɱ㡣
û뵽Ǹҳ⸱ӡ
Ժ˵ʥԺѾ˹ȥˡ
ȻѾӣǲҪȥáԺɬЦЦҲûа취ҲԸȥӣһȥƭ˵Ȼ򵥣ʱһ
ŴᶨԺѾˡ
һٸħ壬һǵ˿ҲǧôˣȻô󣬵ˣԼҲǧ¡
ʱٽп˹شһħܰȫס
ԺΪǳţ»ϾССׯ԰ѡ
ԺȰȴ˳̼ıһӵĻȫ˵ˡ
뵽ԼʱʱĲΪԼڣȻʱˣ֪ԼޣǽʥԺʱƽԺô꣬ԸƺѾԶˡ
˵ֵĻһдһ飬Ժֱӹȥ
ֵʣøʥǡ
Ժҡҡͷá
̾˿ʥѾܾòЩˡ
ֻҪʳһһԴԴϵʥǣͲǣҳӣҲҵڼëʥԺ
ԺֻԺʥԺûطȥĻǰɣȻһҲǺôʶֽ֣Ҳ䡣
̳ĬһԺ˵ҪȻһȥɡ
ԺЦЦˣôأԽʱԽҪҡ
û˵
ֻǿԺͰȰ۾
ԺȥɣҸطԵ㶫úϢ顣
ٴԺһʵΪǰֵͷص
ʦش
˵кܶˡʦСʡ
̵ͷܶˡ
ʦһãΪʲôأ
ûлش
ȨȨֻҪȨֳϹϵһܼݡ
̱ʦӵſڣſڿ˹紵ſ˹صۣ죬һ̿˹ؾҪ˷ȥˡ
ôˣ˹ؿų̵ı飬ʶ֣ȥ̵ա
ڿ˹ػǵ棬֮ͥ£ǿ˹ذ˻ȥ
ת˸䣬ȻԵм޴롣
صħ£ھȻҲѧΪ˿ˡ
ȴץס˿˹ص֣ѶԷԼϣ˹ص΢ֻһ¶ȣĳһ
վ̨µ˶װԼû
ֲɵӣʹ˿п࣬űӳϿ˹ǵˡ
̣ûʲôֻǺȻеп
׼ȷ˵һɵθУӦʲô
һתԼˡ
߰ɣȥҸùš̺Ȼ˵Ҳ
ڳҲ̵ֻߡ
˹صͷס˳̵֣Ҵ㡣
ΪĴԼСʱĦУԼںסֵ
Ժ󣬲ŷֿ˹˵ġָǰ棬ѽ˹صĻȻֵʱѾˣıſ˹صţ˹ظ˫Ȧš
̣
Լûˡ
ûʶ
˹˵һǾ仰ʲôȥʲôڡ
Ҫж˹ֲ˭Ұɱ
̸ոĸж˲ʧ٣ޱ롪˹سûеߣҺԼеߣȻܿܳΪһħͷ


80 
ƻεùſڣ, ϵùھʣСèֻ, ùݵϰһվſڣȻϵıٿ, Ҳṳ̂ùݡ
̵ͣùſڵʱϰһɨϵɥ, һõЦŲû, ͷк, ǣҽ˸ι㶹ϣ
, ̿۵װꡪùݵװͬС죬ֻеĸɾе࣬ùݴɨĻͦã̶ԹܼҵͷҰɡ
ϰȥǣԼߵ̸ǰڳ̺ȺħһΪԼ۾⣬ԭߵֺû, һֶ˵
̸˹סһ䷿䣬ϰҲûж, ϾҲǼˣǮƯˣೣ
, ִҪһȥι
ǣι˶ǰ꣬Ϊˣ뼸˲˻㣬ɵûһ
ݵհݣҲ̬ŵúܵͣϾǣԲˣϵ·ҲûƶûвǸǳ
ⶹҲ̫ˣ˵ıԼﶼУιһҪÿĶϣֻܳñ׳ǣȥŲᶪ˵
ùιĶϣȫСָɱ񣬲ʲôöϡ
ǣļһһ˵⡢ѾǺܲˡ
ǰ͵Щϣһ͵ԵģȻͱϰ˳ȥ˲֪ܻܲ쵽һڷԡ
Ŷϣֿھķ֣˵ʲôûã⼸ҪЩɱĶˣãӿſűܸιЩõĿ磬ҶҲԣƤë͹ˮǿ׳ˣ
ˣǴģСʣֻ
ʹļףĲɵ˵ġ
Ը۾һߵ˹û𣿡
Ǳôغܶ඼ûˣֵصĻ˰յʳ࣬һæͷĿûᣬöʳ˰ƽǳԱ˳ŵĲȥֵء
ǿżǵֻɽգʳԹˣô죿
ҲҪˣҲūȥūһڷԵĻҲնˡ
ܶ˶ܣֻǲ֪ܡ
ӿһȥһµ
⣬ΪģԺתͷ˵ɡ
ĻͲԸ˵ˡҲ˳Ҳᵱ򣬲ҪҪǣռ࣬ۻģЩǰһˣûжͬġ
껹ʣȴһۣЩ
뿪˺ԺëҲʱµģʱ˴ֻԼӲţֱͦ;ۣ˺ˣҲֱˣôһӡ
ǿ뿪һڸ˵ˡ
϶ĺܺã⣡
ǶӲء
·һƶҲûС
ǶĽΪһͳԵñԲ˿ɲ޶Ϻòá
̺Ϳ˹صķӦùķ䣬һ̨ﻹһɳɳûеɣ϶ִĺãżӺÿȥƨɡ
ǽҲŻϰͼˣ⻭ˮƽϿеһƴǼȲдʵҲۣῴûһֵÿ佱ĵط
̺һףְѽˣһˮ֮󣬲žԼһЩ㡰ˣȻȥ̨˴˲ֹˡ
ʲôζС
ֱáȥݡ
ǶѾˣҪȥֵĳֻһû˹ܵĵطһ˲ܹúãǺˣĴ󻷾£ȥ˾Ͳˣɵʵ̫ѡ
̶Կ˹˵ǲ˸̫õľ
ʱԺǰ֪ΪʲôȻӿֻһǳԵ⣬Ѫ𽥱Ϳʼ˼Լǲ˾
ܻĳһʱ̱Ժ̲Żع
˹㵣ʲô
̣˵ǰֻôһСطúۣȻ˵ҹܣʵֻ⣬»ǹܼҺȥɣܹܺһ𣿡
ЩãȻûǰԽû飬һ˿ϣȴ֪ôܲȥС˵ǲ̫Ϊˣ
׳־˵ףȴѡ
ǰԼǰԼĳǰԱʦ뵱ۣδҪȥһǣ̿
˹ЦҵħʱҲûԸԸ⣬עˡ
ôԼѡʲô
ѡأܽǺǻУڣٻȥ
̲Լİȫп˹أǾԲΣյģֻǾԼȻ˸ΣͱҪ龫ǡ
ǳ˵Ҵ˱Ӻͱʹȥддɡ
һҪʲô
ʣڱдˡ˿ͳơĸ֣Ҫ˽˿ڣȥ˽⸽ĻмӣɽЩȻԴԼ·Ϊĵͼ»ٶȺԵͼܿǼʮϰǰġ
Ȼ滮
̾Ҫʳ͵ͱһɣֱӸһЩ˵θڣǾһģʮ۸ʱǺ鷳ġ
ǳڱд¡֡
Ϊ˸Ϊ˴칤λ˹ȶ¿۵㣬Եٵ㣬ǿϣöΧƽ
ǰһƪģ֪٣ǾúейǻûܳԱӣͿʼ¼԰Ľ裬ΪЩжôҪϾź·⣬ĶΪ˴λǿͶʳ
ǳ̾ȡ飬дԺ󣬷ʼⱻһ롣
ȻͿʼ˼ʳˡֿ磿̲ܲһӣڲóԺóˣϴﻹɫɫһʱԣһӡ
Ĳصܲ͸磬̵Ҳⲻȥ
׺ͺûдйֻҪأ
ֻǾҪóҲ׵ãúݺʥԺһʣ
ˣҲҪĲ֪ȻԼͻΪҪЮթԼ
Ͼ°£̼öˣʱɫϺķѵĿ죬۸ҲˣϾǹӣǮ˵Ⱥţÿζ裬Ҳ̾ϺҨߣһ϶ȾˣǴİס
ֻӦһΣλͬѧͲһȱ˰Ͼͳ֡
ٺԷԲˣٴҲ̲סƢͲԼҵô£
ԷΪܣһ𾪵˵̣û뵽㾹ȻôСһ϶᲻á
ʱҲûܾҰ
̵ʱûðɣŭøԷ˽
Էȥ˵С˵Լ˵ϣ̾Ͳġ
Ժ󣬳ԸСˣҲˡ
˭֪᲻һǣǮˣˣԷȴһ㲻ã쾭壬㲻㲻ռС
̲öȥˣҲΪ˶Ǻˡ
Ȼ޷ȷЩԼʵʱ򣬾ͲҪȥ㷢ˡ
˭֪ӵˣ᲻õˣ
ô˻ǰ绹ׯ԰֣ʱð첻죬ĥɿۣ˵ɿҲԲʲô
Ȼһǣ˿ڲ࣬Ҳ֮м˳̵ѹ
õһǣôʱĻ춷˶Ѿ£ֻҪѵλߵǼʣµȻˡ
˺ܾã춼ˣŷëʣ˵˴ϡ
硣̱۾Ҽۡ
˹ضԳ̵ûȻʼĸ硪ԴӳһνԺ󣬾˽ÿ첻Ͳ˹صǺָоԴܾҲѡ
Եĺܼ򵥣ûùṩķˣǳõĿʹ̲ˡ
ǿ̲˸ãǸ
Ժ󣬽ϵ˾͸ˣֻмŮм˻ˣʱԺⶼˣǰֻҪ͵ĳˡ
վڴ̨ϣȻСӣ
ͷССĺӣһһŮǣȥˡ
̲ٿȥԹܼ˵ȥӻûˣûеĻͰɡ
˾ˣСӡʵӲġ
ܼҹȻ˻ӣһһŮһ꣬һꡣ
ǻԼҪʲôѾѹ·
ڶ£·Ǵϡ
Ӷû֣к꣬Ů硣
һãĸ˼ԺЩĿǣǻۣܿ࣬ȻõһʣԺͻһڷԡ
ǶСӣƤ֧һԴһ֪Ӫ
̲ó庢ӣҲ֪ô壬Լû˺ã˰Ūˡ
ùܼ⿪һ䣬СסȥٸǳԵ㶫
庢ӵ䵽˹ܼҵϡ
ܼϰ忪˸䣬߽ȥʹˣϵƱ࣬ȻСԵӶ
ñȽϻãд绤ţÿпˣ綼ᵲǰѿߡ
һ㺢ͯ棺үүҪȥĶ
ܼõͷõͷݻƸһģͻϡ
ȥһõط͵ĺӲøػ֣ÿ춼зԡ
ʣҪȥ𣿡
ܼʯĳˣʱ̲סɬ
ļҵĸĸôģѺԺȥ
ܼңãֻҪҰݣ֡
Ӳͳг˰ƴĿݸãĺܺʵ滹˵粻óԣԼȳԣԺųõͷ
йζ͸ζˣǺ޲ðԼͷҲȥ
Ͼ˯ܼ˵
ͷڼԺʱֻ˯ذ壬˯£ֻŻ֡
ȹܼˣڿ˵ҪСһ㣡
ûûΣǿ϶Ǻˣ˲Ų·͸Ƕԣ
⣬˵ֻԼ⣬ԷҪ⣬͵ܣؼԺȥҲôһһڷԡ
ôڴϣûֿܵס⡣
ɾůĴûбڼҵʱҲûУһֻ˯ڸɲϣһȡů
ĸҲǺ޹ǣ뵽ⱲӶټˣǺ޾ͱ޸ƼȻûиҲͲ᳤á
ֻû߶ڼҵʱŵԺǮ͸·
Ϊĸؼң·
ҵʵ̫ˣҸƣҵȴвͬ
̹ϴĳζҲԼٷɢͬĵĻᡪǰﲻģ㲻档
̿ǶõĲ״ڴϣѽ˹صĻֽŶ˿˹صϣ˵ʥԺҲ˭Ӯˣһ
ûͨˣһӮʤҲֻ£͹ǡ
ƽǳԲݼ̵ţ
֮дΪԽ֮ǰҲǡƽ񡱣ϰֻǸְͨԱҲһﲻ̫ԣҲ
Խ֮ǰ軹ҪҪڱظʮƽķӣҪҪȥǮ׸
ĸо̾ò̫á
ԽʥԺҲħֻǸͨأ
ӣһСָһµľܰټϻ֣ʱǸͨˣԤУ˭ֻģ
һͷײͶ̥
˹ų̵ı˵ȻʥԺҶãǾԼ
̣
һΪԼˡ
˹غƽؼ˵ȥϽֵĴ֣ʼļ꣬㻹ҪʥԺɫǵ˶ˣˣͲÿʥԺɫˣҶ鷳
̣ҡ⣡
˹ز̵ܳСܵ˶ĳԹԵؼ˵ѵԶʥԺ˰𣿾ûʥԺҲøҽ˰ÿ˰ȵʳҪࡣ
̵ɴ۾
˹̵Դ֪벻ôԶҰˡ
ųǻģԡ
˹ظ̲һ̵Ĺǡ񡱣ûС췴ͷ
˹ؿɲǡ񡱣˹ϲһйڽ¡
ǵô̰ǽˣʥԺһ仰ܰǴӳߣ̵ѪͻѸٻΪС
ֻԼǿʥԺңñȥǣ̲ܰĸɵ¡
˹أЩ㲻õġ
̣ҡû
ʰԼֻҪôѳнĸãûЩ¡
˹أ֪
̿ۿ˹صԼҪһֱԼһ˹һ˼ͺˣϧǸˣܰԼ롣
֮󣬳ȥʥԺõ顣
ϢǣǸǾ̵ׯ԰Զֻ·̡ǳ̣·Ҫʱ䡣
ϢǣǾһǰ˰ѻϢմʥԺǰѻѴΧòȫˣʣ
лҪ˵֮ǰСʹ˵̲ǿҾֻǲ˹һ˼ѡ
˹ϻҰԣǿıƸͨ
ִ̾ˣܵĽ˽ĽǶȣִ˵ġ
Կ޶ãҲľԹۣϣйԣԲ硣


81 
õԺ󣬳Ǿ̤˻سǵ·, ȥִ֮ǰ, ǻð¶źãѡҪߵ, ׼ʳҲĥĵĲĿзۣѹߴ, ҪŹׯ԰ˡ
˼˲Ҫ⣬񿨵ϴ´ĹǸ˲ҲҪߡ
ׯ԰ĹµҲҪĴ, ôʣµ, ˭Գеׯ԰Σ
ǻȥʱȺǿȻûԭصǡ
Ҳֻ̾Ϣһ
̵ĽŲׯ԰طΧڵʱ, ž̤ʵֻصĸоʱ䳤ˣׯ԰Ҳ˾֮顣
û꣬ǸѵõĺҲϢգŮǲùظ߶, Ǵ롪ҲΪԼ
Сǣ³, ǻǳ̵ȴҸ˵һ·ϼ, ԼҲ˵䣬ǵĽ̤أǰһĻǾˡ
硭˿ĭãȻǰĳƺܿ
һֱֵĺܡ족ĴҲ˵ǰһгǵġ
һжģġ
ÿһ߶˶·Щ϶Цкǲ͵ĺ׷֣һôǧŶȥ棬ҪˤҲ£ǧΧǲˣվ·ܹбȥ档
ﴫ˵ĽŲһתͷִһȺˣȺ˳ι״иаˣȴؾ˲࣬ЩеĴſ֣ȴ
ҰҰò˵Ȼ˴Ұ¹̧һֻҰ¹¹ǻģиͣ
Ⱥ˿߳ˣ󻹴ڳֻСҲû˸ϣùܣҰ͸˵ƨɺͷɵĲˡ
һҲһȺ˴ֻһ֪ȥԵģÿ˱󶼱ٿٿװ˸ʽĢľȺ˵ȫһȴദĺܺãһ̸ЦϵЦڶڲס
⣬һжԵôأͷһһɫĶִƯر࣬ǰסӶ󣬷ͷأΪѾոˣӵĵֻʣһЩѣֿеĵﵹɫҶӣ޻غźԶÿ
ճյؿˮ޴ˮˮתͣתţһֻ޴ޣԹڿ̤ʵ
ﻹһ粻֪ˮأֻںˮˮȴᵹȥõȥ
Ǳһ˵
ǻûü񣬾ͱܵǰĺһ
ЩӶǹ¶ūĺӱȽ٣ƽĺҲ٣ȥ껳еĶֻ࣬ǻûӵʱ򣬹¶һ֪ҲǱģϰ˴ǳȥһ˾ͻС˺Ҳų⡣
ǴĶģǱ˻ˣǰأ
ɴ۾޲ȥ˺ʵк졣
к˵ǱҰֶ˵ģͶǱְֱ
ЩԺְ֣
кǰһְֻڵİְֺã
ԺˣȻûعͱкץסкЦȱ˺üһҪͷԼѾŮӴܵǰͷȥ
ʮûûεĺ磡
ûа취ֻӱкߡ
ߵʱʶĻͷһۣλۿվ￲ϸ˵紵ʱ˵ĳ¶ԷĲ
æͷٿˡ
Ժȴûˡ
Щ߹Ŀǣ۳ΣһĲ̺ĮǲѼԺ˵˿ûҲȱ翴ǰغͷݣֵͷµء
ŵģȻͱŵ˶
һΣǲڴӳˣ
ãӦÿԺúó˰ɣ
ᣬ۾ﺬᣬкͺȻ˵ͷʭӣ
к˲ջ֣ԶĴǺʭӣ
Ҫˮϴͷ
۵׵˲ûˡ
ڸµ˵µʮ˰뱲£ǵݵλȽΣȫˣҲȫƽҲظ֣ȴýƽһ˰
غáµڳǰֱǰµĻƽŪ㶫Լҡڲˣһ쵽æת˵ƽҲٹǰĳëʱˣµҲʵ
˷Ժ󣬾Ͳûİˡµ˵⻰ʱ۾һ죬˵úܡ
û뵽ЩණڵһʱڳԺá
֮ǰʩʣҲûֵܸ¡
صǱԺ󣬳ףֻһȥԡϴ裬ľͰѾźˮľͰУһڣԺ󣬰ʱ䶼˸Ǵ򽻵ϣµЩ˶мСΪֱԿ˻Ƚ׼
Ը¿ԣׯ԰һ;úܿ¡
ϾԼʱڴǣ߻ʵԶׯ԰һ
ôׯ԰ˣͱǳεˡ
ϴ裬һҹû˯á
ÿ˶æҪѿȫ򿾵ŪֲŪ죬ֻаʱĥɷۡ
ĥ۵Ĺʯĥţͷ˸ɵãĥĿϸĺܡ
ҲٴοʼãǾ룬һĴС
Ƕֵ˻ʹܸŴһ·
Сľȥڿ磬ұ©С硣
һҿ磬ûʳ֪ǳ̵еģֻΪڳĿ磬ĻᱻߣСþԼš
ڶ˹ͷ䣬˿ñӡ
סڡ׶԰һȺСӴһֻһرչǣռԷʱ򣬱ŵ˵ûһ϶ԷǸˡ
ΪԷϸĵĸӼָףιǣԶǵ·ЩҲϣԼ˵Ĳϡ
粻ԸһĿڽˡְ֡
øĿڵĵǺܿ졪ԸʶС𿪣˵ˣְҲûʲôӡˣļְǲؼңҲڣֻи
Сְ֡
粻ĵİְ֡
һְҲûʲô
Ҳû뵽СŮôͻĿڡûûúǸĹڣҲ֪˭ȽְֵģֻһӽˣӲԸ˺һҲô
еʱˣҲʵΪǰְ֣ҲԺľԼĶŮе̫ˡ
ԣǡڸι˿ǣǻò֭ȾɫɫģʯƯúܿ챻²ˣǲóԣ˺һŲСܵߡ
õŽţǴյߣ磬ԡ
ɵãΪһǣԼ˼ҵŮ
εؿã᲻ôһˣֻˣö˼ҵŮְҲôѡ
Ǻֶӣкǳ˷Ժʹźȥǧˡ
һ̿ʼòˡӡ
ǼԺɪɪΪġˡ
ڶһ磬꣬㲻ãһ¾ûûˣƽջʳ٣̵ֲߣ˰Ϊִ̽ǵĲׯ԰궼ظʥԺ˰
Ͷ죬ƽǶԺúϢҪҵɣǿɹѡĻɲ١
ڸܼҪЩ˴ߣĲǵׯ԰򣬵ǱȶˣԴٻˡ
֯ҪһŽʵҲһ
ǵġ㣬Ҫߵʵࡣ
Ҳôߣ鷳ĻǶ¹ׯ԰ˣʵܼõѡûʱׯ԰ǹܼڹܣֻǳܼ̿ҵӣ֪ܼҲԸȻ̿˿ڣܼҿ϶ܾ
˼˵ǹһһ죬ȳˣദӾ͸ˡ
ȥȻʵôô
ӵ۽Ѿˣׯ԰Ҳû˻ųؾݣֻūйׯ԰ƽҲѷ
뷨ֱԼˡ
ܼҺȻһѡأ
̲ûѡϸһ룬öѡ
ƽǿ֮ͣǰܳһʱڶضеŸ½ͨԵҲŵǣ²ϴԣԳ̵Ķӹɡ
Щԥϻ᲻ѹ
Ͼϲ˾ͣׯ԰£ʶƺ̫á
ȻϲΥ˼Ҳ϶Թޣصһ룬ûԼӦҲ᲻ġ
ܼҡҡͷˣϲѹġ
ȿ֪ԼҪߣҪ˵õ˵衣
̣Ϊʲô
Ͼһׯ԰϶ȵ˺ð
ܼЦЦˣԸһֱ˵ߣҲһׯ԰
ׯ԰ʲôأǹܼһͣģûǾ޸ˮ
ֻǳ̲ᶮܼҲûϸ˵ϾҲҪαٺķѳ̵ʱ䣿
Ҫߵ˺ܿͱѡ˳֪ǵϾҪ뿪ȥһطһƬˡ
ǵ䵽˼㣬ӵ֪Ϣһ̿ʼû˵ٹЦ
Ҫ𣿡һÿǵĹ̶Ŀֻ⼸ֻһ
˶ˣ϶Ҫߡ
ûѡϡؾܵ䡣
ߵİļ򣺡˵Ժлȥأ
֪Ǹʲôӵġ
һܺãѵôȥõ𣿴ֵõģ
ݣǲǱѡˣ
ݳ˿ڿĿ磬˶ԼЩڵĵͷš
Ͷ˺ܳһʱ䣬֪γ˶⣬ͲҲҪȥ
ػҪĸĸ͵ܵܡ
ǿݵĿгĽá
ҲŴһߡ
ʱ˵ң࣬ֻܶڲݸƤԣҪǹȥˣһҪܿ࣬ûôõķӣҲûôСͿ磬ǻụǿ
ǣ
룺ѡȥԭģǱˣӦûǽӹȥ
ǻǴȽϺá
˵ĺϸʲô˵׼أǴôȫһôõķסȥطûˣǱҪӿɲס
˵һ󴮻κľ˵úе
ǺòϰȵӣҲԽԽ࣬ˮأҲܿȥһȥһطǾ˵׼ˡ
ǵҪѡǻԸߡ
ڣǲܰأ
ǣҪûˣҿ϶ˡ
Ϊô࣬ԸŴȥԿࡣ
ϧȥԿ࣬ҲԸǡ
Ҳʱ֪ԼҪӹׯ԰
̺º͵Ķ˵ѾˣʲôҪĶҲͼֽ㲻õġ
صۿͨ죬ûһ˿ϲããȻ־룺ʲô˼ҪҲܸɣҲŬΪʲô˴ſߣȴҪأ
̿⸱ӣæ佱ΪܸɣҲׯ԰ҵѪҲܲףҪѡһִܸҶҺĵܡ
ֻˣŲṼҵ
˵ˣҲܸɡ
ԭվһߣޱ飬۾͸ϲõĿһֱΪԼˣ
أƽʱŨüۣʮʵû뵽ôĻ
ǿæ˵ˣҲأرҴˣôҪ߲У
̣
أϱҸߵʱ䳤ܹĽ̻壬Ҹʺϡ
ܼȥˣ۾һɣغͿ϶졣
ǸʲôǾ͵øʲôּۻ۵𣿣ܼ촽꣬ԼĽλ
ܼΪԼ˭ļҵĹүֻˣǸʲôǾ͵øʲôȻڴǰּۻۣ
غͿһͷǰܼѵ⡣
ֻܼҵƢöˣѵˣҲͲǰһܼҾͺµֱ¡
ܼߵȻǿԼݣͶɣ
ѵ˻Ҳʵ𣿱̫Լ£
գգۣܼҡ
Ҫйܼͺˣ̫óѵˡ
ȥܼҶ˵ǻȥú÷ʡٹҡ
Ҳ˵ȥɣȥú롣
ȶغͿˣܼҲŻ·ףͰضԳ˵ˣǣʵڲ̫ʴȡ
̣ҲʲʴȣҪҲѵ˰
ûϰѵ˵Ļᡣ
ܼң㲻õôѵأ
ܼҾãӡ
ֻҪˡˡȻȥֻ𷢺ʩҪ𽵹ȥѵ˺ūǲŽûӡ
ܼϻοĿų̣ûбȳ̸ʺϵˡ


82 
һܵʱ, ʰĶҲޣ͹ȥ, ԳҲûӳ׼ʱ䣬ȻҪˣͲҪȻϵʱ˾͸ȥ, ĥõĿһıװϳҪߵҲ׼ҡ
Ҫ뿪ԭʱʲôû, ̺ӻչ, Ҫ뿪ˣȴһѶ, ĲҪϣҲҪͺ͹ưҲҪƼֵᡣ
Ǽÿ˶Ű峵Һ˲, , ûôණŪߡ
ʱƿׯ԰뿪ʱ򲻾ʲôʱȴһ޷ݵıˡ
ǳѸٷ, ڿ˹ϣ۾
˹ؿų̵, ̳ˡ
ǰ̵ϻ, ڳѾȫģ, ϵ˵ò࣬û⣬ԵùãıӲرͦʮ־£˵죬ߵԿ̱Ҳ͵ǡ
촽΢̣ƺԶȥǣ˹صָڳ̵촽ĦȻ۾ȴû˯ţۣһץס˹ص֣֣أ
˹ȴû˵ʲôֻǿų̵۾
˫ɫ۾ﲻͫ׵ɫɫɫɫӶ࣬Ҳôˣֻг̵۾һòһ㹥ԡ
˹طס̵֣߬
ҵľ޲һɽѳ̲κ˿
̲֪˹ʲôЩ˵˵ͦ᲻õġ
ߵʱð˺ܶ䣬ǵԼʱûв˶ڵ򣬾ùܼҿرףԼ룬ǲԵ̫飿
ʱİغͿǿܾɵʿڶнˡ
ȥļϮ̵ЩͣҲ㡪ûɣ
ûйԺҲûй˶Ρ
˵ǰһ
ҾһǿԵģûеôѡ
ûʱԼԵһȻͷȴԼѾ˺ܳһ·
һʼʱֻм򵥵ɫ飬ϸڣĥͣٿͷѾ̥ǣԳƵϡˡ
ڣҪȥһһҲѵġ
Ӧûׯ԰ѣɳѾõġ
迴һο
ζϣܹǿǿָĲ׺۸ˣѡԼδĵ·ҼᶨƵ˳·ȥΪ־еļ衣
žŰʮһѲһȡ澭ȥʮһѣһȡ澭
˹ֻ֪˵ػشֻҪ
·Ƶҡ죬ΪĶ࣬Ҳ࣬ٶôණ͵ˡ
ɽ·̫ߣʱû·νɽ·ǿ˺ҰޣԼ˵ĳӲ̤ģҪ¹ͻˮŢݽȥ͵ƳҹﻹҪҵطϢԲôá
ڳͷǣִγԺγʱĵʯͷܰ˵ƨɵߵԿ쵽ʱͻһ·Լ³ߣȥ
ߵʱ򣬳ڼǵĿ
ƽԭϣгˮ̶ûд󽭴ӣԭǱߵũѾӲݣʳһƬӲݵرҲֻǼ飬ȥǱϿˣˣҲݵһӰӣ·
ЩӰӼ㲽ǣҲڸЩʲô
ԽԽǱߣŷЩڲݸͷСĺӶһ߿ָͷ
Щ˷ӦܳٶۣѾܾûˣȳ̵еͽԺ̧ͷЩһⶼûУһƤ鶼ԵľӲ촽﷢ѣ۾Ҳûɡ
ǲǻˣʬ⡣
ãȻһһȥԺ⼸Ÿһȥǲ֪ʲôҲֻ֪֪ĶǲˣЩˣҲǲ
ûȥʣÿȥʣϾܼҸ˵ȥ³ǣҪÿһۣϾǳ̵ͣĵλͨ˸ߣҪҲͨ˶࣬Ҫ
̾ùܼ˵еÿȥʡ
ԭͽǰȹȥˣ˻мֻ飬Ӧûʳʵסڳ
ȥǸ˲̧ͷɬ˵ԭסڳġ
̶һ仰뵽϶˲ٲҡ
ȴļʣǴǵģڳʲô
˶߶µ˵ˡҲ˵ҡҡ
Ҳڴ¡
ֻһСԱߺǺ裡
ǰҰְָϳڳ
Сһᣬˮ䣬ϻ֡
ˣǰ趪
ˣ˵ǵĳǡС޿޸ͣ
ȹǸæȥ޵죬ŮΪ˲ŮͷüëȫˣŮкѾûˣʧȥԼĺˡ
ϣ㲻˵˵
˿ɬĿźӣգſ죬˵﷢вҾ徵¡
Ǵ߿ʼġ
ûеطֻȥʥԺʥԺԺǸˣÿһȥ˶ԽԽ࣬ʥԺɲˣԺȥ򵱵صסˣʰ˶ԺȥͶ˾ˡ
ǣֻʣһԮʥԺԺȾߣûֶþˣԺһʥԺûվˣʥԺﻹûȾϲĵʦʥʹҲ׼ߵʱȴסˡ
סǵԭǳĿÿ쿿ԴǵʥԺԺ󣬾ͳʥԺסʥԺģûҲԸȥ˱ȾĸʻСһ㣬ǼһȺˣŵʦʥʹʥԺʳֵǮȫó
ʥԺչ˲ôãﻹʳֻʣһЩпõĽ
Ⱥ˽ȻȥռԭĳǱְѵߵĸϳȥǣֻҪûȾģǿ׳ģǡ
ȻǾͱ˼
Ů˱ڳǵĺӺɷ򱻸˳ȥЩȺ˵ȴܱȫԼӶŮһʼӦǣʥԺˣҲʵʵԼĻ
ͱһ첲ͬŮһ𱻸ϳ˳ǡ
ûгǽȴȥΪÿ춼СڳǱ߶һڸʶʣֱӰɱˡ
ʳ˳Եġ
ڳŮǹʲôӣͷ˲֪
ֻ֪ʬ屻ӳ
˵ʱһľˣǵÿζһȥЩӳʬ壬ֻҪûҵӵʱͻᰲĺü졣
Ȼǿӵʬ塣
ûһ⣬õͱ˶ӣͷҲ˲֪ٴΣӶק˳۾ҲûкϣȫǱԼ˺ۡ
ӴСһ𳤴󣬸ոճͽ˻飬ĸǮ˰
޹ĵڶ꣬Ӿ˸Ůһڣ֪ö٣Ȼô£Ҳ˰ȻףΪֻҪżͶǣҲҪϱ˵Ļ·
ѾˣúøɻԺķӣٶһ
Ժܻõġ
ܻõġ
˵˵ţȻˣֻøɺй
סԼؿڣֵؽţҪԼеʹ޶г
Ѫ
ڳֻõ˵ĺһļƤֻˣľĶ˺һӡ
껰Ժ˵£ǰֵĺĮһ۵ȫǷŭôˣ˻𣿣Ұޣ
̣δ˶ħ
˹׳̵˼΢Ц㹻ˡ
Ŵ˵ȽǣҪĸ˵һһ°ɡ
֮ǰǿһǰȫŪɾ
˿ǵĲ״ȫһǲûҹֻǺӹˣѾǲҵʱôһЩ˵ӣԼǰӣ¡
ǣ¼ңҲʼ־ϲ
֮ǰȫûˡ
Ҳ̫ˣǰңǰֻǳԲϷ
ǰҲû뵽бȳԲϷҵ¡
ǼߣûϽֵһܵǰԼʵ۵ʱˣǸһ˵ĵӡ
ô˾ȻҲҹ
Ⱥ˴ŵ·֪ǴŪģ澹Ȼ¡
˵ĵӹƾǱģ٣ԼһٶһȺվǺģﶼľȻݲһȳǿ׳ˡ
̵Ķ鳤滹кܶ½½ĹէһҲ࣬ҲǾӣȫͨˡ
ȻѾռˣ͸ϴ˵һһ£ˣҲҪףȻòùľԼ
ͷǸŵľ£ﻹһɱ˲ˣȻûУҲϻвȱڡ
ǲý˳һĭ
վԣ̧ͷư˵ǴʥԺǵģʲô
ʥԺֵЩɣˣٶܹԺİҪȻҲȵԺԺ¡
ûлͷȻͲٻͷˡ
ʲôƨʥԺЦһǳԲӵʱʥԺĶ
ҲЦӣѲĸϳǵɣ֮ǰǰѴôûЩոɾ
Ⱥŭˣ˵ʲôأʲô
ģҪͷͷʢƣ
ʱǹЩŮһҲˣӶö
ʹ˸ɫ˶һƥƥǣʱ׼һӵϡ
ѾǻٵĲˣ֮ǰһҲԼŵģֻΪϴ뿴һȼյģҽĻ
ǰѳЩŰûŮ˹
Ȼôˣʹڼɡ
Ȼһأһô
ŮҽС
ЩӶרõģ𲢲ӳȥһҹڶһֻʣ»ҽͽʬһЩʬţһЩʬ廹άȵơ
˵ʱڿ񻶣վȼŵǰ衣
Ǹʱ򶼺˷ܡ
û˺£ûûģֻĴ󻷾û˸վ
Ȼһ˻£Ҫ¹һɡ
ЩûõŮ˾ôǴɾˣѽʬӳȥʱЩÿȥʬ˶ɵۣǵŮӣĸףܾЩʬУȴϲ
ϲã˵ľԼŮӺĸ׻š
Ⱥ˴ȥʱһֻȴƿ˳
˫ֺܰ׾ǹеָ֣Բ󣬹ǽȴ
ƿǿŵˣԷһΣ߻вĻƣԷһͷڵĳЩɫ
ǹˡ
ǿޱ飬ضߵ˵ȻȫɱˣǾͶˡ
ߵӰУǿԷκ
ǸӰе˵û𣿡
ʲôû
˭û
ǲԵʱ򣬺ĶкȻڳ˲ˣȺ˳ªǳ涼ݣֱǺͯجеħһ仰˵ĵĻᶼ˹
ͷ˿ЩӣܲΪȻ˵ǲ֪˭ϴ󡣡
ϡ
һֻûͱһСħڵǰ˫ȼסĺֻץסͷһŤֻһͷѵͷ˾Ѿȥ
СħͬԱ˵ôҧ
Сħߵҿɰɾˣô࣬ҲŲҧ
ͬһ룬ҲѡŤϲ취ҲԵñࡣ
֪˭Ⱥһħ
ͷôɾˣվŵҲѸٵĵȥոӣĻᶼûС
Ǳ˵ӣһܡ
ħû׷ȥתͷ۳̡
Ƕ֪ǸˣԼϾɱԷˣǾҪùˡ
˶ų̡
̵촽һֱߣͷð֪ܵЩǰҲˣҲΪ汼ʱǵҲǳԱ㣬ȢţиԼļҡ
Ƕͬһ̣ǵ͵Ϊֹˡ
Щѵûб𣿵ǻǷˣȻ³ңûɶռǵ
еòƲãôţ
촽΢˵׷ȥһ
ħУҰ֣жɣֿȥ
ȻѾϰƽϰ˴Ժֵأϰ˼˵ǡ
ɱܿڹ
ǰһƨǰܣһߴ󺰣ħˣ
ΪԼŭܷŭ˼£õ˽ƽ
侲룺ħˡ
ǵˡ


83 
ҵĽֵϣһѸ, ͵ҲеһԱ, ڲͬׯ԰չ˺, Ҳûа£ͱ, ׷ϺӴܵˡ
͵µȺܳ, ٶȺܿ, ׷ϵ˺ܿͶ·رƵʱϵһǽ, ͵ᵽ˿еɧζԷŵ˿ӡ
˵͵ħѾѵõĳòˡ
ϾٶڸóĵطûλҪ˵ĻһͬǺӢˡ
ֻϧ׷ϵͲӢŵڱûڵ, ɪɪȡ
͵Щ⣬ôС, Ҳɱˣ
Էͨһ͵¹ˣ״Σ, ϻҺӡ
ˡ𡢱ɱҡǱƵģҲɱ˵ġǡǱҵģ
͵ޱ߹ȥ
˸ˣ纮紵Ҷ߶µؼģҶǱƵģƵġ
͵Į˵ֻɱ㣬ǲǱƵģûϵ
͵վǰӰסˣ͵°γԼСֻ˲ϢĹ˾ͱͱ˶ӣһ˵˵ϡ
˻ûжһֳֻڵϣ˫ĿĿСĽֵҪ
͵վԭؿ
˵ġؽţȣѪԽԽ࣬ӵ˰͵½¡
͵¿ʺѪҺЩֵ롪ԭ˵ѪҲǺġ
͵ûͣãѸٸǰͬеӵʱܺԥľ£˱ޣȻǿߣѸٱĸ¼˵£ˡ
ҲûֱӰɱɾ˼⼸˵ǵĳǱſڣǱһݣֻҪһأҪҲҪüʱ䣬ħ岻ͬ
Ȼ󡱶˵ˣһôͲάӡ
͵ºͬһʼ·ѧϧˣ·ǰа˸£ҪǱԭεʱŪˣǻ۵ģ
ǳǱСĴӴ̨̽ͷĿʱ򣬾ͿΧųǱȫʼ·ˡ
ʲôӱĹʽ
һãȻתͷ˵ϴȺ·
ϴ˿ܸݣֱ۵ļȴܷĪ˼ֻԭֻǸĿһ쵽һɣǮҲмֵܣֵǸҵɣģҲ˸Сͷͷ
СͷͷҲ٣֮ҲвĦ
ҲֻǿӣΪŽһҲᱻ۸
һʼ£ԺԺǸܺõˣ˶һģ¶ԺҲһȰҲԺĺӡ
Ժӵʱһʱ⣬һᱨԺ
ֻûȵ죬Ժ͸Ⱦˡ
ԺʥԺʥԺЩΪԺѹʰ뿪ЩõԺϤľεȴԹޡΪԺ˵ʥӻǣÿ컹
Ǹʱŭ죬ԼֵǣѲȫ˳ȥ
ҪЮʥԺ˰ʳóݲúˣԺһУõʲôˣȴΪ˶û
Ȼûкñ
Ǿͻװɣ˲ܳ
ججֵǵӵ³ϴռǰֻԶԶŵĳǱȻֵܵѸȾߵȫϳ˳ǡ
Ȼ󡪡
ƺɱˡ
ƺǿļҵӡ
ƺֵܰЩûõģŮ˹
Ѿǲˡ
ֵ˵ȻѾ˻ˣͲ;תȥˡ
⻰˵ˣԼȴ
һ£껵ֻڡÿҹĵ׶ʥ˵Ϊ˲ܹҪ־͹ʥûбӻԺ˶ֻõ³ɼûá
ϴ󡣡ڽ
عߵߣֻ¿һۣͱ˸ĵѡ
ЩվڳǱµˣȫѣһĻһ޷جΡ
Щ˰һ޴Ƥƺйӿĳӣÿͷͬһؽش飬ǵƤֹͣ䶯һϴǰ
ǡĹǸմԨһ˫˫ɺ۾ƺңԶľ룬Ҫ϶
ϴһ㵵غһ
֮ǰһֱΪԼɱ˶ˣľˡ
Ȼӱߵʱˡ

ߣϴ󵱻ϡ
ڹǰǱǱݣҲǹѺǵ
ֵȴ⣬ǻûüȥߡ
ϴʲôͼ
ǣǸǾ޻أѵҪôõĳǱ
ȥطǿɹӣ
ϴǲߣߣ
Ǳиصסһŷ֣ôױҵ
صͨߣֻҪ뿪ûҵ
ȥµĵطʼµû˻֪֮ǰɵ¡
Ȼûü뿪ӣ̨һ졣
߶ȶ԰͵˵ʲôܣһϴ̨
͵µԭκһֻ룬˫ϸ˫ԴףѪ۾ڻһȦǶͻȻڹסˡ
˿־嵽һ̶ȣˡ
һʱ䣬ѻȸһ㶯ҲûС
ǸˣһӵˣֻǻûӦĹˣǿȰ͵¸£ϵһһ࣬ٹϵӻŨˮ
ϴҲˣ־и͵¶һۡ
˫۾
ܣȴζָӡ
ߡ
һҽв֪˭ģСħ÷ָԼСһ˵ĺҽеվǸߵˣСħעȴûŵԷĲҽϣ⵶Լָ׷ɾ
ϾָմѪͺѿϴɾָ졣
ҽдƽҲŵվڵԭصһǣǷĳſӿϴҲæܣֻһͷȥص
ԼĲҽԽԽ࣬ԽԽֵǵȥ
ͣ
ܣ
Ҫȥô࣬ô֣ߣ˼ģôʱ
ֱǸ˻ֺ̿;ŵĿ
ǸϦĿˡ
ֻһΣҲûһԺˡ
ϴһһǰܡ
ûкñ
ҲҪ㡣
׸õһʲôأ
ûü룬ͱĹһӱͱ塣
ͷԼؿڴ̳ûиоֻۣۣܽһ˲£ûСıָۡ
û˲䵹˵ϡ
ȻѵزͷһȴԼͷ˹ȥͺ΢
оԼѪʵԼָ⣬鶯ָ
ǵϴҲͨˣҲǡ
ΪԼ˵ֻ촽䶯
һ˲䣬ʲôҲˡ
ԭһֱǿߡ
ԭʲôǡ
ɾˡ͵¶ߵͬ˵
ͬȴͷԼ֡
͵ʣôˣ
̧ͬͷŰ͵£Ҿãûʲôо
͵һãȻʲôо
ͬգգۣǰ
˵ֻǾãɱ˺񲢲һȤ£ǰϲɱ¾ϲѪӿĸоȴֻǡƽ
͵´ͬǰԲ˶Է˼
ȻԼҲһ
ɱ¾Ŀ˵Լû֡
Ǳﶼʬ塣
ڵϵʬҲֳУȴԶ۾
̽ǵʱ򣬿ֵϳʬ⣬Ǹͷ㣬ԽǱķ޽ԽãǧˣӺֵܶ࣬߰˱ɱ⣬ﻹһЩڷˡ
һ·ȥ˾ͻȥÿһķӵĴţȥѲ顣
Ǳﶼʬ壬̾ԼǲڳǱסˡҪ˵᲻Ầס˵ĳǱ̻еµģֲһ˯п˹ڣһħӦý
ֻǴɨ鷳
߽ǱŷǱǽӱĻҪأϵʬͲ˵ˣƿһţȫǷ㡭
̲˳æŹϡ
˭סȥ
ȫɨɾѵغǽôҲҪһʱ䡣
ҸɾķӰɡЩͷۡ
Щ˰ռ˳ǱȴϧǱ
ҲǱĲ״ˡһǱ֪ҪķѶ˹ǮȥǹסţҲŪְࡣ
˵ǱȷʵгǱˣԭĳǱһԱȣǸߵʯͷӣǱȽϼª֡
Ǳƻǹ죬ܷʱ
ǱʽаԲεͲ͹СĴ͵ͰԲݶԼſ򣬸ΪʮƯĸʽǱкܴʱûиʽǱ
ҪݵĻʽǱׯϣʽǱ
һڵأһڡ
ϾʽǱԭԴڽ̡
̱ſסˡ
һôһģһѹȥţÿһſ϶ŻĻƣҲ֪ôüªĹһ̳ġ
ûþˣǱζͣ½ŲƷ
ƽҪȳѡ÷Ժѡ
ǵǲʱôˡ
ķ治
ڳǱķӿɶϾｨӵģһǮƵ˼ҡ
ȻǱܶǱųǱġ
вٷӱȳｨĻãȫʯͷģ¥Ҳ١
Ȼһ飬ӻǡ
ѡһɾƻСķססһܳǱܴɨˡ
̸սȥʱûⶰˣ¥ݵʱиOO@@Ϳ˹ѭ߹ȥһţ߰˸Ů²壬ڷĽͺۣҳöԳƵһƯ
æתͷſ˹˳ȥԿ˵а˸ŮȥҰ˼·ӽȥǴٳ˵
æȥ¡᲻õġ
´ŷӽȥʮ˾ӵģ۾濴վſ˵·ϣǴҪǻ
氲˺һ·
Ǵĺܿ죬иŮվӰС˵ˣǴˡ
˿
̫óŮ򽻵
ǸִŮһǰʱ򣬸Ůϵɺˡ
ȴ֪ôԴǡ
Ů߳ǵͷң¶ֱ˺ۺأһϹƱ˴һƣѾ
µʱ򣬰˸ŮǴӡ
˿չǣҸطסǵԵġ̷Ը
˸ŮʩߣȻܺߣҪúðǣĺͬŮ˵˿չǣ죬˵ȽϺá
˿û뵽Լĵһչ˰˸Ů⼸Ů˵֣˿ľˡ
żŮˣŮǴķǵˮָǵ˿
ⶰӲ󣬵ѵñȽϸɾֻЩҳΪûЩ˵ۡ
ļҾҲıȽ
԰ɡ˿װſĴӴ򿪣ϣŮԼá
Ůһʼ֡
Ƕˣսʤ˿־壬һֺǶſ̻ʵĳƶûԳζȥˡ
˿ᣬǸˣûйԡ
ŮǾʼ£ʱ΢һ㣬Ͳôˡ
һŮ꿨ԺȲסʣǡҰְǵ𣿡
ְֱЩߵʱŵģ˵һģ
ְִû˵ѣ϶!
Ů϶Լְְľȱոֻǿ־ãȻȴȻӿ޾ίһӵʹҪְߡ
ҰְأŮץס˿֡
˿ԣֻЩٶ۵˵ְ֣Ӧڳɣ
ŮҰְȶˣ϶ߵı
˿ŮĴӣʵ㻳˶ˣ
ŮãȻĿʲô
˿һ˲Щģ˵ӡ
ŮãȻˣӴкˣΪֻˡ
еҲʣк𣿡
˿һӣûסʣǶˣ
ʮˣְ˵ʮľͳˣ
ʮ
ʮ
ʮŮݣֻǸ󣬾һϵļ棬ĸ弳ȡ֣ҪѡĸסϵӪɣ۵СȫãȻ֪֮Ҫ˶öͻĳһС軳ܵܵӣֻףΪʲôҪˡ
ŮԹЩ˲Ǻˣ۸ǡ
˰ǰ˸ŮǼֻ˵ҪйʱŻȥ棬ʱǾһխСķҲ׼Ǵ·һһЩ֡¡
ûһ˾ÿ֡
ֻۣˣǻǾۡ
ֹۡ
֮ܳΪǸʮŮǶͬ˵Ҫ£Ұְֻǵģ˵ģǰˣǣ
£ͺˡ
죬Ұְһ
Ұְֽ϶ڸ·ϡ
Ҫ£


84 
ʱѡķӾݴԵĴɨ, ǿס, ܼҲֺӣǱҵ, ֻϢһϣڶſʼɨ
⹤˾, ǱѾ๻ˣǱҪܳʱ, ôĳкôֵ
ǽ̶ֵȥ
ԭͲɾ, Щռ֮󣬾͸Ҳ, ǽȫգǽˡ
̶˵ԶԶȲϳ̵ׯ԰ȻƽԭûȶˮԴˮ̶ڸɺʱûʲôãҪɨֵԼеӵ⣬ô򾮡
ϸ͸̺˴, һ飬̲Ϣ, ûʲô񣬵ȿ˹ҲԺ󣬳̲ŰԴȥ, ڿ˹صļϡ
ȻЩˣȴûоò
ΪЩ˻£ԼˣҲ
˯ú磬˯ĽǵڶѹҪ޿ɱ̯ܵӣΨһĺϢǣѾҹѳļҼһһ飬ѻȫ˳
ЩʩߵļӺͺӡ
Ű˲һǵĲǵɫܿȻ¶ţ϶⡣
̸ձ˹ؽѣҪôЩ߼⡣
˹ؿ˳̵ĳɣҲûʲô
׿˹ص˼ЩˣĵطҲƲʲôˣ뱨Ǹģлᡣ
̵ĵĲǿ϶ҪѳɽģЩˣ˱Ⱥ⣬ȫġȵߡǿûиɻ£ȴõǱõĺôһ˵ҲȺеһԱ
ҲԼڸʲô
ֻڣмеǲҷеȴİõܡ
˼˺ܾãҲûȥЩˣֻǶԿ˹˵Ҫǣô죿
ûܺߵļʩߵļƽ
ȵʱ򣬹ƾͺƽˡ
̣ʰԼĶ߰ɡ
ҲûʲôֵǮĶ
ֻҪȥﶼС̶Կ˵
ϵͷõģˡ
뿪˳̵ķ䡣
վڴǰУׯ԰Ǵ޵УʵȸĽøɣһſհ׵ĻѾõģÿָĶܷıǱǸһ֪
ͷ۵̫ѨȻһ֪һǲףû뵽ǱĲ࣬ͽֵر࣬ҪķĻãòǽˣòķӲˣûʲôر鷳ġ
һеĹʮ棬ϾԼģҽ߰㣬Ǳһ㶼ڴģΪӶΧųǱ޽ģĳǱλȴûм䡣
ﲻҪˣֱˡ̴򿪹ܼڳǱҵĵͼȦط
طƾӽģȻеĽѾһͿˡطһͿеٮٮߡ
̫ܲ˵ȫľƽṹҸ˵ˮ̶Сˮ̶ûУһŻһƬҪܶȥ
Һöľͷӡ˿ʯͷ鷳ûô֡
ûл̲ܷ棬ʾԼշӶֵ࣬࣬ľӵʳ
˹زɱ˿ԣУ
뿪֮󣬾˳Ŀյϣյмһʥĵܣϲ˻ҳʥһֻֻˣҲûȥޣһֱֻۺɵм֯һֻĶꡣ
ҳ˶һħ忴ǡ
ЩеСޣеѾ뵽Լᱻϳȥˣֻһã
ҡɷ򡭡Ȱס
ҲǣȰסģҵġ
ҰְֲԸģǣҲᱻϳȥ
ϿȺˣҲ˵ϻֻƽת̵˼ʰԺ뿪ﲻ⣬ΪѾܵƲãʴȵĿˡǣֻ뿪ҪǴ˵Ķ䡣
ϵǣ񣬱ػ̴ǵš
Ͽֹˣʮת뿪
뿪Ҫͽʮߵһǣڻ붬ڲݸҰˣܼȥ·ߣͷҪԵģǴһӶû뿪Ŀ־ֲС
ҲԼòˣһһ˺÷顣
ǰҲھӣ˿ܻкѾ⸱ӡ
߲ˡ
˵ʰħǲ̫ʱ䣬ǵʳͲ࣬޵ʱڣҲȥȲֻ֣ܴһ㶫뿪
뿪ʱ򣬳ﲻ֪˭һУѾ߲·ˣȴȥ
Ů
ãʮ꣡
ŸûȾ!

뿪ǵ˲ҷǱİŴһľ
ǳʵڶˣǲŵ뿪С
иֵħſڵϣõǰʣôɱǣ
˲ͣ᣺ɱġòɱġҪɱǣЩʲô𡭡
ħٿԼգݵøһˣҲ֪ôˣǾɵִʵҪҪסҰѳԵķָ㡣
̧ͷħ
ϵãɱĳˣӦñģ
Ҫʲô˼ѵ˵ڡʲôûУһᱨġ
ħ壺ǿ
Լ˩ŵĲóһǣֱ԰ɡ
˭죬˭Ǿ͡
û뵽ûԼȻιһǡ
᲻³ֻܺ
ЩϳˣĵˣмֵˣûܶЩŮ˺ͺ֣˰ǰһɳȥչǣϾڳĻлڵ˶ˣúһʱ仹׳
ǺƺƵĴɨͿʼˡ
Ϊ٣ȴɨҪֵȻһСֵߵķӣ˼ȥֵ
еĵһ£һ½ˡ
Щ˱ϾᣬܿͶ빤
ΪǼͶûж˭ö˭٣ֻûÿ췢
ʵ̷ĿӣдԼĴūҲһļҵ׵ġ
˼ֻвˣһǧ˿ڵĴǣھ˻ֻ֮ʣЩҴߡ
Գ˵ٶҲˣׯ԰ҲŸո߰ˡ
ôһ롭ͦġ
Ϸã˿ֻҪң˻裬Ȼˡ
ʱ˿ʵ̫ˣҼһһǧ˾ͺ˲ˡ
̾úܿܵλϲǧ򣬰򶼿
ΪλĹ˿ȫܱȡ
Ǹ޺õС˿ڣ˵ܵ
СԹôˣܸʲô
˹һ߿ų̱Թ΢Цſó̾㱧ԹҲܿɰ˾ᷳ
תͷ˹أˣٴħôҾٴһǧԣ
˹سԤϵ˵С
̾ȵ΢΢죬ûӿ˹һ֣û뵽Ȼڽˡ
Ҳ֪˹زܺ޵ľܾʣΪʲô
˹ó̹ȥ
ߵ˹ظǰ˹첲ס˳̣ѵڳǰû΢Цؿų̵۾
Щħ壬Ԩ֮¶ǵӲġ˹أħ壬ڵʱ򻹺ãһ뿪ܲס
ɵʣΪʲôҪ뿪
˹ḧ̵ķңεЦЦҪ뿪
ֻǱס̣嵽ȥĴ˹òãţ
˹ءšһյҪиСˢɨ̵ѣǶˣ̺Ȼһҽ꣬ʮˣ
գգۣҪǿ˹һò治Ҫʮˣ
˹˳̵˼Ҫ˵̺Ȼ˵УڲУûʽС
ʽУ
ʲô´ʣ
̾ԼǺԴͿ˹֮ĸ͹ϵģûоˣʽǱҪеģҪһŴĴöܽͣļױҪʽġ
˻ԲҲûϵҪС
ڶ춬ˣʻҲûˡ
ǵ괺ɣ˾
˹һã
ʮѾԻˣΪʲôʮѾˣҪꣿ
̾˿治ס
Լˡ
Ϊ˷궼Ҹ˹ض׽ΣССزŵ׳ɳ
Ѿﵽй˵ƽˮƽԲ֮ǰ
ʮ㣬ӣһչ۷硣
Ȼû˺˵ƬԼһ츳Կÿ˹ظе֣
һ뵽̻еСߡ
û뵽ôҪѴˣʱǻЦ˵ŮϵٺҲûã˼ҶԸ̸ѣɼ˴ѧҲǴѧҵ˵Ǵ
ŮԸ̸𣿣Ǵ飬ĸС׻һ
Բ
Ѿˣ˳ԲˣС˻ǿģǵڶ죬Ĵӱվڴ߿˹ص
˹ÿ
̾ԼҪǸŮܼ˹صĵһͱˣҪʶ˹ǻҲǸţû뵽תô졣
ǸֻͬԼû֣
Լ벻ףҲͲˣûѧ˽⣬ԴҲ벻
ҺԼԭеߵѧ˹ҪǻɰϵļͬѧһħһѺ󹬡Ͼģվϴ򣬻˷պԺǲ໽ûɳԡ
ҲΪƷã
ˬĴ·׼ȥһߣ⿴ͼǲеģҪʵһߡ
˹ؾȻûѣ˹ػ飬׳һĶſ˹أȻ߹ȥ˹ظϱӡ
󻹰żϿľ飬ڿ˹صüӡһǡ
˹ʱѹǾ͸ˡ
˹ûѡ
ź̾˿뿪š
ȱҲһ
һſˣ͵ų̳ȴԶǵĻΪ̵ͣȴеȨ˸Ӵֱۻȥ¶ϸƤƤɼĺӡȥϴˢȥߡ
Ͽֱϵĺۣ˲ͨ죬Ӷˡ
ȻżҲĺۼûô࣬ôԹ
ԼûΪֻ֮ȥûϻشתͷ˿һֿۣһͨĿŵذ塣
ôˣֵˣ
æ˵ǵģˣûܷѲأ
Ҳûж룺ô죬ҪǲǻȥϢɣʱҲͦæģðǸһȥС
̸˵껰Ϳ˹ĴǰȺᴩƺʲô
ߣ͵
һɽ
ãȻʣոչȥ˭˳ף
˾Ը뱥߸Բʱǹ嶼һʱ죬ǰͬ˵ΪʲôִܶԭʼΪΪִǮǸԣͥӡ
Ȼ̲֪٣ľúе
лԳأ
ʲôһŸģ
һ˵ˣǸ׶ľ飡
һӻҪ˵
ԭ׶Դ뿪ѷʵĶ֮󣬾һֱҲ¹̫֯һУֲԸȥģҵµ֮ԡ
֮һЩԼԣʣһЩȥƱһЩƷ
֪ò˵ʺ˺ãֻҪȥԣܴٻ
ԻĺͳԵĶܶ࣬ö֮ͳˡ
֪ܵĸһˡûڡ
һߵ˵ˣǸһöûУ
̵Ǻο֪ʳˣܺ
ϣ
̾˿ϾҴˡ
׶ǺεȺóھȻ֪ԼԻƱͱƷˣǽ
ȻĴ£ޱȵ׶ܴĵĵõ
ҪⲻϷ̶ȿԼˡ
̣Ҳȥ˵仰
ϵȻǲóȥ׶ģ׶ˡ
̼׼Ǳǰɽһ
ǸϷľһɵ׶أ
ôֳˣٱ⼷һ·ϵ⻹һһġ
̣׶㲻㳤̫𣿡
ֳͨ̾׶ѾͨˣǷʡ
һķʱ졣
Ͳ֪ٿ
ԡ
ö֬
׶Ҳ㶯ɣ
ϧûгֻ֬˷ˡ
׶ϻȻϽʱǹڳǡ
׶һؿų̣˵Ҳ֡
һɻ
Ž۾˵Ϲɣ
׶СʱҲֹݵĺܿ졣
̲ס˵СʱǽӤʣӤʣ
ݺ
ε˵ˣԸԾͳ԰ɡ
׶գգۣ̯ڳǰﻹʣһǣСֺõˣ𣿡


85 
Ϊ̶ԾӡܺãϾϷ, RPG, һѡﶼǾ飬ʵڲܿ׶ô޵Ķȥʱ򻹺, ˿ô죿ûרҵҽߡ
׶ǲڣȻڵǲǰɰһ, ԵöˣǺпܵ֬Ρ
ֺͷ, ֲӰ콡, Ӱ찡
⼸ҡ̶׶˵
⼸ҪȥѲأԼ۾۲, ˫أһ߲·׶˵Ӧÿ˶
׶
ǳͶһӴβ͡
˵ͦаȫеģԴԴɢ
ҪֵɨĲˣ̴ҲԼסǽڶϸһ飬ڻ鲻ȥءĴ󲿷ض˻ĲݣҪ, ÿҪҪʩʺ͹ˮ
ΪˮԴ̫ԶҪ, ûʲôϾҪˡ
ǰҲֻǰѳɨһߣ˳Ĺ滮, ǴĶܻ࣬һЩ
ڽϣ˲࣬ԭסʣµҲ٣Եÿտյͺһ˴һӣһ۾ܿ˵ľȡ
ÿ·ڽֱ߸ɻ˾ͻͣ¶泯ųķȸвͬһǫ𾴡
ԭסǴ˵ľٶƲλڲͬ꣬Ƭصˡ
ȳ߹ԺԭסСʸԼһɻˣ˿ᡣ
һɻǸˣȻȴܴ󣬸ԭסİȫһ˺񲻾Լһȣܸκ˵æһΡ
˶˵˸յׯ԰ĸأ
ʱĴ˻Ǹӣǰ£¶Цݣû֮ǰֻ˯ڲݵһԲһÿ죬ˡ
ʶǰǿ׳İˣӦǸū
Էȴһ㶼ū
ͲС˵˸ҵĺӲأ
ԭסɴ۾˴ԲѣȻԼĺӡ
ԼĴӣһ˵ҲǿŴ˳֪ʲôʱȢţһС
ԭסСʣǸʲôأ
ˣǸʴǻ۵ĺˣԺ֪ˣ
˵ҪУ㲻ͻ˽ѵ㡣
ԭסæͷҿ϶
Էʱԭס֪һҪ١ٰ
˵嶼ųأЩƽūȻһԳٷ
Ƕֵζıɫıܺ񣬵Ǻ㣬ֻͣǳԲʲôģԭסҲûٸʵ׵ľеóԾͺãһӣǺȵˮҪˣտ֮ܺȡ
ԭסϰߺˮʱ䳤ҲϰˣʵڲˮˬˮŲ˶þͻ
̻һʱ˫۹۲еı߽߱ǽǣǸʷƾõĳУʷƾòͺãʷƾζϰǰĿܣѾˣǱÿͻ£ʱ죬вᣬûô
µľɵļһĶ޴֣һƬĽάŰǰӣʯͷѵķӵǷ϶߽߱ǽۻĶʮķӶľƵģΪʯͷӵ̫ߣͨ˼ҽ
붬֮ǰԭסΪ࣬Զֵ˹ʡ
ʵҲºޱޱһǣһ䣬Ҳһסб¯ķӣȼŻ˯
ԭסû뵽Լ
ǾԼΡ
סһЦǣǰҲΣ
ҪǾԼΣ룬ôõأ
ĵһѩƺƴ󣬾ͺڻӭˡ
һϵʱ䣬·ϵĻѩôǴ򿪷ţѾˣѩϣããһƬеĴ·ȥĵطеľʹڣЩ򵥵ֹ
Ҳո𴲣ûпﻹһ޵ζ
ֻǳŲŲڵ̺ϣȻ󱳶Ŵ·ֻ·մһ죬һ˫첲ӱס
˫첲ʮ
̻ûȫָĶԷСۣ˸Ƿ˵ҪȥϴˣҪҪһ𣿡
ڿ˷ԼĶԣÿ˵𣬲Ȼڴϴһ졣
붬֮ǰ˳ǱǱ֪ׯ԰ġʯͷӡ϶٣ΪҪĽûмٵĵطҲûгζǱϵġݡߣߴԳ䵱t
վ㣬ƺڽ¡
ﻹһڵӾܿ鷿һС͵ͼݣǶǽڵľ޴ҪӲõ鼮
֮ǹ壬Ϊӵͨ˲ӵеĶʱ䣬ɳǱͻƸ
ôûʮ˸治
⼸ڿЩ飬ЩƷӣ£Ҳ񻰴˵йʷ鼮ľʷ顣
񻰣ϵʵܶ࣬ʥǡȽ飬֮ǰͳǡ⡱ǸŮʮĸɷʮĸɷַ˵ȼеƹļеƹܷˮеƹеƹܴ
߸ŮƹšЩ鲻ǹףΪ߸ףŴӱΪˡˡ
ÿԼĹ£ϵͳΧŹ
˸Ԥԡ
ҵһй⼸ԤԣЩĴʻɬкõĴʡ
Լ˼ǡ
ҿڰߵˣ˵壬¹ĽǣףĿ磬ҡ㿴ңҾǹҾ񡱡
ҿߵˣ˵壬βͣѩףʥ࣬˵㿴ңҾǹҾ񡱡
ҿںڰ֯ҿ¹ǵ˺β˿˱˴ˣǾ˻ҡ
һҳϵԤóһ
Ĵ˵У¹Ȩǿֳԡ
Ԥ׼ģ¹˺˵ҺʥԺ
æҳڶҳдţ
ҿ߳һˣ˵壬ѻĳջһУƻһУ˵
ԤԵΪֹ
ȴһ亹ȥϵˮ˿ˮ֮ŰѾѹȥ
¹ңʥԺѻֻǿ˹ˡ
ָĲǿ˹ضˣħһ塣
ȻǰԤ׼ˣôͷԤԻô
̼ⱾĺܶԤԶǳпգ޵ѧʶʵڿ˸ûȣֱ˵ᷢʲôᷢʲôЩдĻʫ䡣
Ȿ鿴£ֽŵ£ûжٷĺۼǱԭ˲ô顣
̰ϣԤԣԼĵǷıԤ򣬵ſ˹زԤǸѻһһС
ôһ룬̾ͷˡ
ȻԽһԺѾǼᶨΨˣɸԼĸо
ԼڱһΨߣ
֪Ǹȥѧһѧѧġ
ϧѧҲˡ
ЩԤͱ˺ú˵ϣܿˡ
ͰЩŻȥΪõƤֽ鼮ûô𻵣ֻҪżóɹһɹȥĻҳ
ǰЩϵĺܾϸһƤֵֽǮҲֵʲôǮ
һ飬Ǿͼ۱Ȼƽˣ飬ŻƽŻƽСϸ
ȻҲֽֽ֪ùֽ
ǿƤֽɵ
ֵ۵ѣ̾ú
ϣŰȿСƬ̾ɡ
˿˹˵ĻԨħ壬ЩͬЩħԸǿֱҲѪȡ
ôûԼ˹ӦǻЩħġ
Ǹʱ򣬹ƾ͸ԤһħٵһУƬǵĴ½ϽºڰôһĻԤûдġ
ֻûмԼ
Щ죬Ȼúܲ˼
뿪鷿Ժ󣬳̻ص˷䣬˹ڴ̨У˿˹صĳ˹ûתͷ̾վſھ
Х˹صûб顣
˹غܺÿһֱ֪ҲΪ˹ÿˡ
ڣڿ˹صϿ˱Ķ
䵭
ŵ߹ȥ֪˹һŽż˹ȥ
ӱ§ס˹صĲӣڿ˹صĶ˵ҶˣȥԷɡ
˹ץס֡
̵ĺȻ³
ֱ˹תͷ¶һƽûʲô΢Ц߰ɡ
ĵһ
ȵԽԽãûŮŮ¶һ츳ĵͽܡ
̣ʳǼǽпǱԺ󣬰غͿͲٸһòˡ
ڷϵֻг̣˹Ů˵λϡ
˺ͰϿߡ
ϿȻǱӦĺܺãϾǰĳǱҲѷɫ٣ӦĻ극֮󣬰ϿĿϣԳ˵ãһã
̣ﲻã
Ͽ̾˿ôˣʲôƷûУѾûеط
ֽǣֽľҲ࣬Ͽùˡ
϶ģԼɲ֪ô졣
̵ͷҲʱǶһˡ
˻Ʒǳϴְӿɲһ
̻ûÿϰǽн
ڷſ˹صֻ˷䡣
һأ̾ͺܼеʣôˣϴ˵㲻ڵʱҹܲסħ壬ǲǳʲô£ǲҪߣ
˹ؿг谮ҲΡ
֪Լ¶ˣæʣǲʲôˣ
費Ҫҩϲأ᲻СΣգ
Σִӳ̵˵ԼЩ㱡
˹һֱǿģΪ˹ǿֻҪжԷڣʲôõġ
ǲ̫ˣ
˹ؾħ壬Ҳֻ已̥ҲҪϲ
ħȻ̬ǲħ
ֻһǻˡ
̫࣬е£ء˹ߵǰ̵ͷ̵ͷ˹صĺᡣ
˹أֻҪɱˡ
̣
˹أ֪𣿡
̵ɴ۾Ҫ𣿣
˹ز㱻ЦˣҲý룬ֻҪһȫģҵĵطԭͣһ˯һʱ䣬ʱ䲻ýʳǶʱСʱ򡣡
˹أֻǵҲڵʱΣô죿
ʱһֱüչ
ЩھΣǿ˵ûģСңѾǰһˣܱԼΣգһأ
˹ؿų̵Ѿˡ
۾ɴ͸һС̫
̺ܿΪ˹ص׼ȥģǣҪΣô죿
ħ壬Ҫǿ˹ɱĹбô죿
˹أ׼Ԩ֮¡
̣ﲻȫħ𣿶ǰ˵ͨħħѪ֮Ҳпܱħȥ͸Σ𣿣
˹ؿų̵̵۾д˵ǡ
ġ˹أԨҲɱ䡣
ΪԨ֮ĸ׵ĺǣֻǾߺǣɱ䡣
ħһҪɱ䡣
ѾһΡ
ɱĹ̲ܣ˳˯ȴܸ֪һУĹͷǱһϣѪҪϣһɱ䣬ĽǱڵӣҲ˳
ڶɱʲôӣǱһӣǳµĶ
˹Լ档
˹΢Ц˵һʱϲˡ
һܵð˵ôܣֻҪϻһڵӣҾϵó
㡭ʲôʱߣҪ׼ʲô𣿡С
֪ϾҪԶţȴԼСǾֺԼöԷԼҲϡ
ȥԨ֮£ԼǸϺȵġ
ҪԼȥԨչ˿˹أǸ˹鷳
˹أ׼ʲôιȥʱһһЩħ̻
ԺҲ档
ΪȻǻѪΪħ壬ﳤģȻħ壬ˣѾħˡ
ѪҲɱûκΪħ屾ܡ
ħ屾ܲһֱܡ
ûа취ѡԼ滷
һħΪɱΨһ淽ʽôһħҲֻܱѡ淽ʽ
ħ̺һ𳤴أ
屻ħӰ죬ħ屻Ӱ죿
˹̵°ͣ촽ӡڳ̵ĴϣἫˣҲἫˣһƬëڳ̵Ĵ
˹ĿĿų̡
һжעġ
ע̡
עΪ̶ˡ
ҲעˣǧΨһ뿪ԨħΪħҵһµĳ·
һõĳ·
лҪ˵趨ڼ䣬д֮ǰ趨ھò̫
µԤԲοˡʥԼĩƪʾ¼Ȼ¹ѻĶҲȫģ¹طĶǡʥǻۡѻӢ峯Ҳʥ
ѡ¹ȨΪʱҲΪ¹ý¹/Ȩ
ѻ˴õִ趨


86 
˿˸磬Ժ, ȥ¯Աȡů, Ϣʱ䣬ᵽĺôб¯ӹ, ȡůʱٵŻ迪ľ̿ڱ¯ȼ, ľͷա
Ե㶫ɡ˿ѿõĿݸΧļŮ
ŮǿȸտʼöˣѪɫ, Ψжӻô
˿Ժ, ֻεıʾ·Ǵ˺ӵ, ˣݵ˸󣬲ȹ䣬ŮԸԸ⸧ӣÿԼԸ
ΪУСԷ֯ŮǶչǡ
ǸһֱſοͬŮҲԸĸԼİְֻ, ְֻÿ춼ҪŸɻһڼҲ, ܵ֯ѧôĲ
ŮڼУûʲôʱȥǰ£еľѧϰ¼ϡ
׼˹ҪߵĶ, Ǻ˹׼һֵͲϧûͣ׼ĶǳԵģϾ˹Ҳ䣬ȥ̻ǲģ޲ԼҲ˹شߡ
Ҫ˹غ¡
һţ£
Ҫôã
˹Цźһգ۾͹ȥˡ
̵һۣҪǲȷʵһգ۾͹ȥˡ
˵ʱ򣬾;ʱޱ˵ʱ򣬱˵£궼һգۡ
˹ֻܼ壺ɱҾͻòã
̣һ˵ʲô
Ȼ˹ϾҪˣ̵ȻʱƢ¼żƢȤسʱƢǾǷֵǰףȻûʲô飬̻ߵġ
Ϳ˹뿪ʱԼĶſ˹صĽŲһˡ
һ֪ǣҶʲôζ
ԼҲֻСǧĸǡԱһȡ
˹ߺ󣬳̸ʲô᲻𾢣¾ȥ鷿飬ûʲôģ쿪ܸԺлɡ
һԺ󣬳ҲȥˡҪ̶̫ⷽ˽Ĳ࣬ҲͲǸʱˡ
ܼҸˮ֪ϲˮ΢΢죬ȴ촽ͷ¶ȣĲɵĽӹˮԹܼҵһл
ˣѾˡܼѵ룬Ҳܷɻ
̵ɴ۾ܼô֪˹гģ
ܼ˵Ȼģȥǣ
ȻѾȻ͵Ҫ˷õʱ򣬹ܼҰǺûɫˡôãǾȻʹиˣ
̱ܼһѲżԼ֮ǰĴ㣬˿ˮڰ˵ǹҰɣˣߺ䡣
ܼҴȰĿų̣Ȼ뿪˷䡣
ܼôˣȻùܼڱѩȥ¶ǿȥġ
϶񣬰ñ³˳ðŷѩ뿪Ǳ뿪֮ת۳ǱȻĵͷֻĳǱϴˡ
ǰׯ԰ĳǱʵûгǱӡ
һֱԸ⹤ԸԼȥĶ̺ӵȵȻʳڣԼĲƲѾˣòıƣҪҲûгɱȥֵأǺܶ༸˶ˣ֪ôǮȴ֪ôֵء
Ҳûʿũ̵ȼ˲ͼܶ˻ܸƽƽҪ£ʥԺҪִ˴ùϵ
ǾӪܶ࣬СһΣһӣֻ벻ģûġ
Լľӡ
ȫţͷˡҪ֪ţͷᣬܰôţͷɱսߣ֪ж͡
û˲Ϊˡ
ũһֵأǲܵģ̴ĺôôȥµٵĹ
ʲסڽųǱһΪǵһͶϵˣټ޻ӣõŴֶӺҲסһ𣬳Լ⣬ֶӺͶڵӱǰù
Ͼ÷¶ޣݶѩкʵǽڣֻҪȼ¯Ӷů͵ġ
̵󣬵Ǿ޶ֻԼÿһͻǶҪϿΡ
壬Ϊʲôȥܿ˸磬˸󣬿ȰغͿʿҪڹͥӦҲΪһˡ
ʲӣԼܲ͸磬һ߻ЬһЦ˵϶¸ϱС
ܾ̲ʲôûȻһӣȴһŲ˼ȡģ壬Ҿͦõģ紵ţȱʳҲӣǰһʲôģ
ʲ˸޴ޱȵİۣ˵ףӣʳֻ֣ȥ֣ڵõʳǰ˵ĺôģֲǷˣǡ
ŪЩ޻ʲɳ˲ٿࡣ
ʲҵñЩֵص֯˴˵ĺô࣬ǲĺӹ
ֶӣճӲӣʲԼֶӵԼ²Ǽһ̵˾Լˣʲ뿪ʱ̾˿
ߵöǮɡ
ʲ뿪Ժ󣬷ǶѾվڽֵˣǹů֣ʲԺеش
ϸ磬֪Ҫȥʲô𣿡
ѩصģɲóȥ
ʲڣúڹȥô֪ԺȻ֪ˣҲ
ǣʲô⣿
궬죬ǶڼѶϾһֻܺúϢʱܿࡣ
ʲ˵⡣
죬Ǳūߵūץˡ
֮ǰʲ͵ׯ԰ūץġ
ЩūĸмҪץǻܻܲڶǸ⣬мū͹ǺͿ
Ǽūʵĸл
м̶Ҳͱȶ˲ôһˡ
Ǵ֣ʲϸĶࡣ
ǰγȥǵö׼㶫ˡ
˵ůֱŪͭСӣżľ̿յúܣòϣߴڻĺܣ
ͭܲҪУҳȥ֮ǰ϶Ҫһ
ﻹǮ
ǮûУ֮ǰĻﻹʣһЩӦùˡ
Ķ治١
Ҫţ϶ö׼㶫ʱߵüЩûܴϡ
ʲ̸Щ˻ᡪһ˵ʹԸͷ·Ƚ˳Ǳ˵
ǲӲ죬Ϊ٣ֻһֵɨѩطѩһǳһŵǰߣҲû˵ˡ
ȿǽǱǱĴһأǲźһڳϵѩ䣬˶ߣǻ
Ǻܿ챻ȥһ䣬Ѿں˸Ӧӣ
ܴҲб¯Ǳĺô΢ķб¯ׯ԰ĳǱֻ¯
ڳǱ٣ûʱҲб¯ķϢǴķϢĵط֮ǻˮ
Ҳæˮ㷿б¯ůҲˮůֻǺܿģǳЦЦʾл
˵Ҳ֡˺ƽԼūˣƺһģߵЩˣ̬ҲǲֻǰʱǲŻֵĺǫ
ˮ⣬ǻСƬִ㣬һˮֶûУЩһʼܿƣһƬһƬܿͳԵøɸɾ
ЩƬ׻ڹܷźܾãһξһѣҪʱóŽ¯￾һ£˾óڳǱ˶
ȺˮƬַʱ򣬳̲١
̴£˵õ޻ȴӷףһ絹ǰһ·һ֪ůͣǵ·㣬˵һûһů
ҲûиǷϻϾҶˡ
ڳô˿ȴ١˵ԺͶˣǶ
ˣǶ֪
Ͼׯ԰ôãׯ԰˽Ŀɲ١
̵ͷҪ֣ŰѸλһЩҪĶѾк˵ӣǿԼҪЩ
˿еͺá
û
̣ôҲеģǴĶҰļ۸գǳԿ˭ͻĶ࣬˭ѡӡ
к̵ܶģõضε̸Ŀ˵֮
۾
ǺöԺ˶ˣ˶ˣǾͲϴˣӣ˵ĻܰɵǮ
ȻҲɵޣܱȵúãͷܶ˶ûгɼңΪ޶
СмʼͥŮԸǡ
ȢƶҲʡ
ҸŮūŮūĺҲū
̵̫󣬳̾úü˵۾ˡ
ʲ˳̵ɻ󣬽͵е̺ڵ̵ˣǴСǵģӸ̳УҪôǵõ˵Ľ͡
˵ģͺ粻졣
ϲϲǸ˵ġ
̵ͷ׼ʲôʱ
ǵǺĬ˵ˣǷֺÿҪʲôǾߣҲ󡣡
ȻˣȻҲҪкò͡
ûһԣڵĻҲŲֽţҲǺӦꡣ
̳˵㶫ͻصдƻ顣
ֵ⣬ھԵĻܲܰŪ
ʵ˵ֱ׵㣬ˮ˶ѵǸ
ҵı־ظ
ĸֹҵתԶ׼ĺôǣʱŷ޵Զ֯뽨ںӱߣˮ󣬼㲻ںӱҲ
ԭʼһ¯ľú̿ľ̿ȼգˮںˮˮΪԴƶ߽л˶
Ȼǵݻʲôǵö֯֯Ҫ죬øΪԴ
ĻͼֽȻܿùȻҲһŪó
еķţ£ܵøԼҵ
һܶʱ仭֯Ȼſʼظ
͸ˣҪĶԭʼĴ¯̾Լĺܿ죬ǰǰҲһµʱ䣬ԺͼֻֽεıʾܶණڵĹŪġ
ľһѪͼֻֽܱѹס
ܼ꣬ʮֽͼܱʵеƷ
ҲͳԽԽ䣬ּŪ⣬ûб׼Ķ⣬ÿһˣÿһǣÿһˣԼļʽǳûб׼
׼ŪȣԼȽĻλǺ׺ס
б׼ļλܶණȻÿְյĳ߶һҪװһ̨Ѷȼֱʷʫġ
õ֯ںܼ׵֣ҲӰʹãȻЧʵ£û취¡
ֻҪһ׳ֱߣðǶŵľϾˡ
ǸˣȻҪҪϸĺãȻ˹ػˣΪ⼸¶Ե
Ȳóһ׵СֽƬٲóһ׵СֽƬȻգ޸ģٰѾ޸ĺСֽƬյֽϻ
ûضȵĺôǡˣֻҪﶼһģӡ
ҲǶԵġ
ݴȺܸߡ
˾Ȳ淶Ǿúȥİɡ
̰Լڷ˹ܼҺͿ˭Ҳ͸չһֻϲʱ֪˶ֽŪһԼòĳȵλԺ󣬲Լչأˡ
һ׳ֽҲùܼҽˣǿľϣٰľиŪֱߡ
ˡܼڳ̳극Ժ˵Ҫ
Щ֣ʲô£
˵ɡ
˻һòһ಻ͣԼģˣ̻һԼԺվ
Ȼʣʲô𣿡
Ͼ˶ʱ䶼һˣÿ˴ͽܣдҩݼ¶ɵı飬ƺ֪ò˵
̣ʲôֱ˵
̾˿˵ˣħǵ̫á
ħԨ֮£½Ҳ಻ʱ䣬С½ϵħ岻ͬҪӦ½صĻ
Щ֣ǶôˣڲзӦ𣿡
Ҳ̫ٶ˰ɣ
ˣҲ֪ˣҽӴħ嶼һһֱ½ϣǲǺ˽⣬ǿ⡣
ħǿʼˡ
ɫСӱ鲼ȫ һա
̣ܲǻ⣬ǲˮʳ⣿
Ϊʲôеֻħأ
Ҳܵģˣԭ£Ѿ˰ħǶᵽûסĵطҵϵᴫȾͨϡ
ûĺܺá
δȻܵ鷢ˣ̬֮ȥֲǾˡ
ɿ˻һݣˣħǺġ
ֻشļ
Ȼ֮ǰɺûȴˣô
ʣµĻû˵ڡ
˼
Ǽôǿ׳ħ嶼ˣأ
ɺֶûʹħôҪ֡
³ʲôӣ


87 
̴ſ֣ڴ߿ħ屳ĺɫ, , Сϸܣ鲼ħȫ, ΨһĺϢǲᴫȾϣƺֵĲֻħ֮佻洫Ⱦ, ̿źЩۻԼûܿ֡
Ѿҽӽһ, ֻܰһЩ֢Ĳҩ, ʱչħǣŴչǵ֪, Ƿʼһֱججûд˯ҲˮҲʳ
Ϊͱյ̫Ҳ಻ȥ
չ˶أǿͷͷƤ϶Ǻɫ, ָ׷Ҳǣ¸, û¶ȼƣַȥĸо̡
Ŷ졣
⼸һֱûѹ
վڳ࣬ͷ, Ҳȥ̣С˵ʱϻۣ˵ʲôش𡣡
ʼֻǼڣʹӼãȻûˣֻһ˺ȼѣ֧ȫˣƺҲŵˡ
̣ϴ壬Ҫٲ˵ĻȥǱƣþƸͷҸ¡
ҲΨһˣ˶û޲ߣ˾͸֪ôƣڻûдȾϣ̻ÿչħ˶ҪȫװϿ֣ϻҪף֮ǰҪ鲼ף뿪ʱҪѵ
Щ׶Ҫ÷ˮǿǸ
һ죬ħϵĺɫˣںڵѪҺȾǵ壬ȥ˶ǴѪƫƫԼûзӦ˯С
ôûʳֻÿǵ촽մˮһǰݵö࣬мԭݵģڸࡣ
ģҲֻ˸ħһԸɾĻÿ췿䶼Ҫͨ磬ÿħ嶼ڲͬķ䣬Ⱦ
һµ˾͸ˣΪ˵µħ⣬չǡ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬˰տ⣬Ҳտ
Ҳ᲻˹ɱӰ죿תһΪ̫ܣϾ˹زǵһɱ䣬ɱӰ죬˹Ҳһǰ׼
֮ǰħøɾ
ԭкĵطͿʼˡ
½ħ忪ʼѵʱ̣ܶÿҹŻôһӣˣҲûʱ˵ǷˮʳȳԱ㣬ֿʼ˯
ܳܺǺ£ŵҲڷһ㡣
ܱȲԲȣǱɸʬǿ
ԼΪкתϺ裬ԿҲװ֮ȥ鿴ˣóĽħ𽥺ת֪ǲʱЧѾˣϵͳֿס˲֡
Ǽˣ̻ǲģ˶˵ĻһֱԺѭš
ôⶼûгħ屻ȾôֿУֻʣµڶ֡֡
ѵҪپһθɺ
ɺ˺һ֣ʲôһ֣
Ȼĳ֡Сʱڡ
󺵺ʹ̳֣ޱȣԭѩĵطֱѩ
ʳ˿Ҳʼ
ܶදﶼȥ
ĩ꣬Сʱڡ
̵ǻָ΢΢ʱȷʵһһ곤Ҳһһ䣬ȥĺֲǿʼͽֻʼԤ!
ԼԼԼĶͷůڣȴѾ亹
ֻƲ⣬û㹻֤֤ԼĲ룬ȷʵˣھͱӦԵķ
ѩڻˮѾˣûа취ˮء
ʳҲȥĶȣʳи࣬ȫܳŵѩ֣Ʋ棬ʳǾԲġ
ټڵ·ѩˣҲȥׯ԰ʳ
Խ룬ԽĻš
ͺǰ·ͺ·ס벻һ취
֡ÿο˹뿪һᷢʲô£ɶˣ
Ƶ̾˿ΨһĵĶֻϹܼңΪ²˵ȥ
ûн취ʱ˵ȥֻɢֻš
ˣ쿪ʼһٸĳһһٰɡܼҲֻ½ʳİ취Եٵ㣬Ӷ㣬ܱȵûóԣúá
̣Ҳǰ취һ˳ȥˡ
ڵĵΪԭزͬʱҲĻԺ˴Ҫôá
Ҫ֪Ͳǳȥˡ
ЩڣںҲû취ֻܶԹܼ˵пеȥûȫӲֿ硣
Ӷࡣ
ԭ̲׼ֿģֻ޼ƿʩҲֻˡ
Һڳﻹûˣֿ£ֻܽׯ԰ˡ
ܼҲǸİ취ֻҪл裬˿ţͲᱻϣټϿ󲢲ߣֻҪ¶ˣǾͻᷢѿ
ʵֲʽһֱеģʻůֳģڻûдʱůΨһֲķʽ
ֲֻ粻ǷڣĶ޷ֲֻ֣
ħҲˣõȫǵԼʱʲôϵİҲĲֻ࣬ԭͲôÿòøˣԼҲ⡣
Ǳߵķﶼ˿磬¾ջڵĴµʱ仹ܳŵȥ֮ڶȻܺãҪºǶ죬Ҳʳܱ֤˲
ĵһʱ䣬ľǲȫûҲᶢԼͼѵذοû£˯˶ã
᣺ʮˣ˻㣡
˵һмôأ˻ðűȾķԹﻹôõ
´һһ亹ҧ˵һʲôҪˡ
Ϊħ壬ǸԼʣҲԼʲôΪħǿ׳Ԩ֮µʱˡ
ס𶯣ҪúϢ
ʱҹ˵༸ˮ̻ʳڶֵȥ˯
ĸ첲ʹȶۿɼıϸˡ
Ҳ֪Լڶˣ̾˿˻ȥŲԱ߸ˮָ׼ԵģЩůҲЩᡣ
Ԩ֮µʱֻǻţԼҲ֪Ϊʲôһܻȥȴ֪û塣
ʱҲû壬Ԩ֮µŮħ忴䷱ܵʸûС
žû塣
룬Ҫˣжİ
ɻʱ뵽һЩٸһЩʳ˵Ķӣ᲻ΣգԻסᡣ
˹ʣҰ޽ˡ
ˮյĴߣһֱԼ˵ôˣ
ֿЦˡ
û˵ݣ㶼ˣ
ħҪϢ£ǾǷֻչˡ
̵Ĵ󲿷־ôϡû뵽û˱СͲ㱻ִԭΣҪģȫͺԡ
ڴˮǴ⣬ŪˮףˮҲޣ򾮵õȵǲá
ֻϣ촺ʱ򣬴ľܳˮ
ǹʱ㹻ޱ£Ȼ˶ܴ£»õġ
Ҳû´ϲ
ź֪ܷŶãðŪһЩźۣÿһźۣڻǣζͦõģܵõ۵İο
ɺڻ䣬Ҳˡ
ѩˣҪҪ֯ȥԣⶼѬ⣬ʳѷʱҲܳԡ
Ҫ취㣬ɺѬ㣬᲻ģǵúķѶΣ
û뵽һ㻹ݳƷ
ԽԽԼңۿһоҪˣû뵽Ĳ˻֣
ʳܿһ٣һһ٣Ǳ֮ǰһٶһЩģҲԹѾܹˣʲôɱԹģ
ǶԳ̱һäĿƳΣƺԶľϡ
ԺµľͷӵССһͰԱ߻иľףСӺƳⶰķڱʳãΣѾˣǰ롣
Щÿۺɰģп۵˿˿ζɵ㣬ΪˮԷܶ࣬ԵҲбУҺů͡
ݴһ̣һߴһӺȺ̵ɣҪϧݳһ룬ˣǴӲóһʹ̵һС飬ں
ܳˡ
ʳ˺ôһ͹ˡ
ЩϲģЩ
ǶԼĴׯ԰ģ٣ԼЩԣԿеĲĽܸɽɵĲŽĽϵɣͽ
ԵĻͷˮͷǲ˿۵ͷҲޣŻУѳԣʱڣҶѡ
ܼҵǺϲȺʹˣڱòã΢ӲĶͽûвܳĵȻãȺҲܺãζůͻӣżԵõͷ⣬ֻܼԺ
ԽԽˣյıѩİͶ򣬰϶£·ϸߣѩܵܶһ¥ĴܿȥʳóԷ⣬ǳԷѡǵȥȻô죿
ľ̿ҲչˣǶ̫ľ̿ȫľͷ
ľͷ̱ľ̿࣬Ҳ̴ѾҪ
һӶƬϵˣҲͷһοôѩǰطʱҲжͷҳԵģЩҲͱ׽ƳѬɡ
ڳΪǿҪȿѩ֮ٻʱȴϵĻˡֻ뿪ʱǶ緢ҪȥҵʱȴûˣûˣȥĻҲûˣֻʣ¼·Ƥˡ
ôûˡ
˵Ǵ˼һͲҲ̶á
⻹ֻǵһˣǰʱ죬ʣ»ûˣҪôԺٻҪôҲǱӻ
ŵ¾λǵģҲûǱ·ĴϣȥӣҲȫĸһصһ·˫ѩҺƤ˼׵ѥӣڽϺϣӰȻȿܾͷˡ
Ȼصůڣŵ²³һڳԼ˻ֻպһˮûüԵ㶫Ϣһ£̾͹ˡ
ǰŵֻܷˮվֻϥǻû̵ֱƾͰļϣ˻ȥ
վ淢ʲôˣŵ¶ϣºͣûһ˿֣Լ½ʳϵҲˣȥȻࡣ
̥ǣһˡ
û˿ʱ򣬾ͱԼǿӲ
ŵЩţƺˣƺû䣬ôҲ˵
ŵ¿ɥ˵ˣҲ֪￪ʼ˵
˵뿪˵ɡ
ŵ˵Щģ˵ˡ
ǸճȥûãͷΧļǲܽˣ˷Ȼǵһ췴Ĳǿļˣһ㶼϶ӣɷ򿴹
ȻܾʥԺҽ˰Ҳܼ򵥣˶Ҫˣô˰
һҲǰưͱˡҲ뽻˰ʥԺҽ˰ǻôܣǸһôһϷڶӣʥԺҪˣʱ͵ȥʲô¶ûˡ
ǿҲǸ÷
ԳǾͷˣĲȥͷĲǱÿ춼Ѳߣⷽ浹ʮִ󷽣һ㶼֣ӻӳֻȥȴˡ
ŵ뾡취˵ûתͷͰˣò״Ż뿪֪˶ٴαڣҵһܽȥĳǡ
ǿɲˣǿǿ
˳Ǳĵûлأŵô裬û뵽һڰҹл˰һӳ˳ǡ
ҺûֻһЩСͺһ뵽ЩʧҪԼŵµĿھѪ
ûҲû˳ֻܿ˫Ⱥͼߡ
һ·жѰŵҲ˵ڡһϴѵˣȻô˼ҵĵԼԸᡣ
ŵ¿ɬ˵ˣ̫ˣЩڵûиС̫ˡ
˰ŵ⣬ҲǸиĥѡ
̤ǣ˼
˵ĻԺ󣬾߷棬ּ٣ٵ־ļѳ̶ˣǵȾԨ֮»ҪֲԸȥħ壬Ҳȥͬ
и˴˻Ҳһˡ
λҲû߶ԶܾĲȥǣֻڸӺʹתһתѿģû·һǮĴ
λ˲ŻԺ󿴵˵ʮֵ⣬ԼĵСʱΪŵ㣬ǿɶûټҵˣεĻʧԼͷϵģûɻĶҲûǮҪô취һЩٳȥһᡣ
Ҫôֻҹ
Ϊ˵Сµ˼ֱǿĿȸNɪûꡣ
Ҳ̫ˣңûлǮˡ
һ߳Цͬ飬һҡͷʮϧ˵Ժ󰡣ǻҪҵġ
ϵ˵
Ȼ󡪡
һ١


88 
ļ֮أȥ, һ, ֻıɽͶ͵ͱڣں, ǵ¶Ȳʹڻжݶ֮ǰѾɢ, ֻԨ֮µħ޴ӣµĳȻµĳͷ
һ˫޴ĺɫԶ, ǳüǵء
˫ܿʧڵƽ, ɿʱķ
˹صĽٴβԨ֮µϣûб, ֻ£˳ŲڵϣϺֱϵƬź⣬֮ħ׷׸ãԨ֮˻֣·ƺûôˣ˹ߵڰĽ
һ޴ĹǼʮ±Ǩ, ԭأ֧ҡҡ׹ɽǡ
Ǽܵͷ­뻢Ľ, ȴֻ꣬ǼܣҲܿŵʱӦһǿ̵ּľħ
˹ص³һϵħ, Ƕĸ׵ĳν
޴ħǼܣΨһ
ħҲӻԼĺӡ
˹ѾǲԼĸʲô̫磬Ժһ˥ߣ޴˸˹صַڹǼϣǼѾܴˣλֻܿһˡ
֪һɱʱܲٿ
˹չóסԼ塣
ڶɱ䣬ˡ
Զڳĳ̣취ˮڿ˳Ǳ߼׷أ˷϶ƽԺ󣬰ѷȥ۵ѩѽȥԭķӱӣˮصھǳǻкܳʱ䣬ܴȡˮֻһξҪø
ǸæµˣֲĿҪȥÿ춼Ҫ飬̫ͣõϻ裬Ҫ򿪴ͨ硣
ǳԵҲԽԽ٣·ͨׯ԰·Ҳֻˮ¾
Ҳʳ¹ܼǵʳ㹻óһ٣̻ǼҪһһһ١
ԽԽˣû࣬ݵ̵۾ȴԽ
ˣϢˡܼҴϨ⣬̺ˣŴ˸Ƿ뿪򴲡
ܼ۵ȥӣ˵ˣʱ̫࣬ǺúϢɣȿٴҲü
Ѿ˴ϣ˸кܶͷ֪ڲ˻ƽ񣬻ūħ壬ϣϣϣԳ˵ǳѹκһҪ˼ǣʼʱ򣬳һҹ˯žܻ굽׻ỵʲôزĿԸȻ࿹
Ǿ㲻ܿ⣬Ҳʲôѵվŵ
ͨԺĳ̣ÿһͷ˯ţйĹʱҲˣǰһ칤˸СʱЧ˵ҪһĶôͿϢʱܹ䣬ڲˣÿ˶ҪӰ࣬ûκνÿ۾ͿʼʱҲﵽʮСʱϡ
ֽ֮ģʱ޹ؽҪĹҲͣˣѷʣֲ̿ˮصھ򶼽ܹĵĿչͷ£Ҳһ쵽ܡ
Ҫ֧ţʵûоŪһμˣׯ԰ܰ죬ΪʱΣôüޣ֮ǰĿ磬ԵĲôãǲȱʳһ̲ٳֻ̨ܶܣȥ䵱ǵġ֧š
Ҳʶˣ꽫ôʱԵΣ
Ҳûǣѽʱ򣬻Žʱ򣬵ȴ˵ֵжǾ޷ֵһŽͱЦ
ܻȥһֻǸô˵ܻɺ
Ҳɳ̵Ʋ⣬Ͼǿܸͨˡ
ÿҪȥѲÿůÿ춼Ҫĵı棬¼˱ϡ
ѩԽԽÿĲѩҪķѴֺΪ٣ֻҪɨһֵֵֻܵȶҪȥʱٴ
Ҳ½ˣмûģֻϣطȴȥ·ʲô⡣
ʲһˣڣûˣǱߵģԼˡΪѩͰѻϣеĻӺūţһ·һǳһͽ˻
ʲһЩϣһЩ̺ӣǿʲô˾ʲô֣Ҳû̫࣬ôһΧ֮ڡ
ãȥĵһǾѡʲЦǺǵضԳ˵ҲûбҪֻҰӴ
ΪҪ첻ȥˣͶӣҲڸʲзʱҲԼһ·
ѵĶӿǸ꣬࣬ǿ׳ߴ󣬲˷ͻڻ
ʲ̾ѵҲùߵĶˣµĶͺū˵Ҳܼڳȥˡ
ðƬͶҺõźۡ
ʲûֻŵζ͸źۣһ˫۾ŷǰźֲۣ̫˼ʣˣʲô
̣źۣźģԲԣŵǣ԰Ƭȥ
ʲϧĳһԼȫ¶ůˣôչţͿҲܱһ
̵ԺʣʥԺҴ𣿡
ȥƺƴ󣬽ȴһֱûꡣ
ʲƤϲźۣʶѹɤ˵˵ʥҵúܣѾ붬ǰŻ˵ʥʲô˶Уϻվ̨ϽңʥԺʥǻͦˣ˵Ҳȥ˲١
ʥԺһй˼ɣάһ΢ƽ⣬˭Ըȶ֣Ͼ˭ȶ˭һľʥǣʥסŹȨƵһˣԻڴڵĽ׶Σֻ߶ʼΪս׼˶ѡ
Ǿͺá˿
սңǶʱ׼ɡ
ʲ뿪Ǳصңһݽһ߸˵˿뿪֮ǰһˡ
ͺ۵˵˶ˣǱ˵ڸһһͳһ٣
ʲֵĿ֪ͣʲôʼƺҲʼ˵Լҵĺʲû˵;߶߶˵ô죬˻ǱЩҲ֪סҪǴô죿
Ա߳ſԹһȥɨѩأôҲҳȥ
͸ʲ߾ˣʲֵܣ͹ϵûôͺܲ˵ܸ˱𣿡
ӡܡ
治ף˱ͻСΪʲôôͷ϶ġ
ʲ˯֮ǰԵһźۣϧû˼˷ָһ㡣
ȻԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽۣû˱Թ
ÿܳһٷ㹻ı˯ů͵ıӣɻʱϢԿӻûѹҪԹĳ̶ȣǷʼǴӸ˻ū֪ڵ
˵ﶼԲˣ
˰أѼĺӶҲ˰
·ȫǶˡ
ĿӶѲôʬ塣
һūֵֻһСˡ
Сһӣ
ǣСྫ󰡡
ūҲͶʮ˿ʮɾëϴˮԺʹ£ñӣǰʲôҲҪӦ壬ſʼ빤
ǵĹɨѩû˸һƬ²Ҫǹܡ
ɨѩǸ䣬ɨɾ˾ܻȥϢѩֶѻ͵üɨʱ䳤ˣѩ˱һȥʹ򻬣ˤô
ħţͷãħǻָ֮ڴˮصǵˡ
˵ĹȻ󣬵飬ķ
˶ŽһģӵһͬĿʱǾ޴ģһЧʼߵŶû˻ɣҲû˻͵ˣᱻߵӰ죬˶ŬǼ͵˺ܿͻسΪеİӣ̫ˡ
ȥҴѩ׷ɣеӶңڳôеطڷ絲ѩҲ취ŪԵģڳﶼҲԣ˳͸ûˡ
²ĵİϿҲʼ磬ԭÿʱ䣬ȴǷҪǴò࣬ȥ߼·ͻᱻˣţȫװ˺ʵ·ͲˮƤѥ⣬ôñӺͿ֣Űȫ
֪˵Ŀִ̫֮صʱֻн֫һ취ʱˣԲʱ鷳һ㣬ŶҪԼһܡ
ΨһĺôԼǶ첻سŴˮڼſŪɾѩտ֮Ǹɾˮ
ΪʱҲûʲôȾɾѩˮ̶ˮɾöࡣ
ԼΪֺ֣ҲԼķʽˮһʢˮĵطǶƻڶҪʱȫװ
̣껹Ƕֿɣ֣滹һЩС˿
ܼңãһС󶼲֣ʵڲ̫񡣡
СҲǰæֻܲǸ⣬ֻҲҪԤȥ˰֪˰Ļ᲻׼ʱȻԺ˵˰׻᲻Ҳ˵׼
æ˴죬ֵĿ绹Ҫһ²ܳ죬ڼԵһֱǴׯ԰ĴǼ죬̻ǸǷļ١⹤޷УʮӣëΪµѩһ
Ҳû˸ȥⷽ㣬һܰԼһ
ȿ£ֲ档
Ҳ뿪Ǳʵʵű¯ӣòҲԼ˸ҡ
ϹܼҺߵ˶дõͼ͸˱ˣϹܼϸϸİѻľȻԼķ䣬ץ˾ҪҫΪҫĺء
ϹܼҴ˾ʣر˵Ļ𣿡
ҪǶԷ˵ûϹܼҾͻ˵ҷһҴȥ㿪ۡ
ҪǶԷ˵ϹܼҾͻ˵Ƿ϶ûҷĺã
ȥˣϹܼҷĻϹܼԼԷͻʣ˭㻭ģǰϿӾ𣿡
ϾϿ˶Ի滭˶֪ÿ˶֪Ͽ˻á
ϹܼҾͻһص˵Իģ
ԷʱͿ϶ʾϹܼҵĽȻϹܼҾͻһ˵˿ɲǸ˭
ϹܼԴΪ٣Ѿ̫ˣҫˣְҫһΡ
ʹˣûкӣֱӰѳ̿Լӣô簮ò
Һó̳ΪԺһֱæȻܱܿϹܼҳһݳϰߵġ
ļڿǳˣһ۾͹ȥţͷ˺ħΪһڴˮأꡣ
ţͷ˲ó罻Լͬһ𻰶࣬οħˡ
ħǺܲ⣬ţͷôĸӣΪʲôиĵӡ
Ǿûɵģħܲ⣬ô󣬶һƴˣƤôҪǸ˴Щ̲ͭǵƤһֱ嵱ū
ȻţͷҲܲħĻ󣬿ԿģһڴˮأΪʲôҪȥɱɱ
Σհ
ɱ˻Ǳɱá
ֻҪúøɻзأ
ڵǸǳԱ
ͷţͷ֪һĽǡ
ţͷ˻Ȱħ壺ҲҪúøɻǳôҲûǸϳȥҪǲúøɻϳȥˣ˿ôһȥµġ
ûйͻӣԲӺʹࡣ
ħ壺
һƤ˼˵ǳó󣿴Ҷ
ħţͷ˻༦ͬѼ˭Ҳ˵˭ȻϤԼʱһɻ
ħҲ֪ţͷڻĸϵ壬ֻа˺ţͷ˻άŹϵϰף곤ŮԹ壬³ūϰҲûиġ
ħǿʼ׷ţͷȺΪŮˡ
ţͷҲ⣬Ͼţͷ˲һһƣҲûнŮţͷ˺ӣȺһӵĸ׾˭ΪȺŮţͷ˷ϵĶǸס
ֻħܵŮţͷ˵ų⡣
˺ӳħô죿
Ҳ̫ˣ
Ůãûţͷ˻Ůţͷ˳󣬵ӡǿ϶Ҫ۸ġ
ԺԸŮţͷ˶ûС
ħûеţͷ˵ŮҲ٣ᶨ׷Ůţͷˣڣһħﳤÿ˵ħңţͷȺ壬ţͷǺչ˵壬ħڡšһҪɻߵţͷ˶һѡ
ħɴͬ۸ͬ㲻ˣħֵû֡
šħûǵţͷŮãͬ嶼ʲôöÿţͷ˻һ
ؾͰ˶ʱ䶼ڹûţͷ˺ħ彡׳ɵöЩĻ
ؾͰʱҲȥɨѩʱ仹һһӵĿ磬û棬¶ȹ費Ҫˮ
ҲŵؾͰһ˶һжеȡ
˾ȻܸؾЩںܶūôܵ
ǵ۶Ҫˡ
ׯ԰ǵɻҲǽͣҶһԴֻȣʲôҲ˸ӺƤɫͬ⣬Ƕһġ
˶ûأ
ƾʲôǣ


89 
峿ĵһ£ѩ׵Ĵ, ˴źص·, ˳ݶѩѵò´ѩ, ݶѩٲҪѹˣؾӡ
Сĵ㣡ؾ溰
˲ǵһθ, ֽѸ٣ݶĻѩܿ챻ɨ, ŵ֮, վݶѻѩȥЩѩҪ, ûѩΧԱߡ
Ϊε֮ף̻·ϻѩ
ϧʲô󣬽мҲԽԽߡ
ԭۻ۷ǣʲôǣΨһûǵĴԼūļ۸ˣϼۣһϾܻһֱ׳, ûؼū
ѩ̫ˣǿӰӶ, ȫǰȫ֪Ϣ;Ҳûˡ
ڱ¯ǰһտõĿ, ܼ졣
Ͽ˴ԼΪﺦ£ÿ춼䵽ߣҲûԼİãȻЩϣܻмǰõϿá
Ψһǣˮƽûøˣÿλ˻ҪóƷ
㿴Ҹ㻭Ф񻭡Ͽ˰ԼĻɺݵǰ
̱ɫġФ񻭡סˣʵû˵ÿҰϿʾ̺Ѫ˵ѿ
Ͽˣܺÿ
ޱ飺⣬ԲԿ磿
Ͽˣԡ
Ǳڱ¯ǰ졣
Ͽˣ˹ȥĶˣҺЩûˡ
̴˸Ƿȥ£ٹһͻˡ
Ͽ˱̵ĺľˣܰԼɳȥ
̫ˣԼǰȻûз֣
̿Ͽ˵ɴ˫ۣôˣ
Ͽæҡͷûʲô
ԺڳǰҪСģǳҲɳȥ
ҲְϿ˲֪ΪʲôȻɵСҲߴˣżͷ̧ʵˡ
Ȼ̲̫ΪʲôƺҲͦõģ
Ҳˡ
õĶ뿪ļ¶ȿʼǣµĿҲӭջ񣬾˹뿪ҲѾ˽ӽµʱ䣬ָһ㣬˹عʱܻ̲˹λɱʲôӣֻҪǸ˾УҲû̫ߵҪ
ѩʱ䣬ֵȫˮûˮϵͳ·ϡϡЬӲȽȥܿͻᱻʪ
ֳĿջûʲô𣬿ΪõԵʣǱׯ԰ֵĿͷζҲæµĽðԺĥɷۣеĿȫĥɷۣһƬֻҪֹһΣ°ѵطɾҲٴð
һֱͦģƾԣΪʲôֱΪ̶ֹûطĴڡ
֯ȼһʥԺ¢ˣǿĴδǵڣ
ٶ۵ĳ̾õȿ˹ػԺ
˹ذѿôã̶ûϸʹ
ȻòѩˣۿŴҪ٣̵ȴû˿ϲ⣬ȥ񣬶Ҳ䣬Ҵάֵʱ̣ܶǱ϶˽˲͵ļ
ѩûã˹ػû·ͨһ٣ӺūԼǧ£һƺƴĴ̶ˣһţţŵİ峵ȫǳĻ
ͷǸˣһʱǳƯѺӱС裬Ǹڲͬˡ
˽ϣ£ʮ̸ֽԵҲáֲΪԸµԵãΪۡ
ߣϣвˣμ̶ӳҲ⣬һ˷׷Ӧ֧ӴĶ飬ūطūǿ׳
Ҽǵȥǰûˡɴź·ǵĳͣǸǰ
ϣһѾˣѵҪ𣿽ȥɡ
ϢͨҲ֪ȻҲ῿
ǱϾֻͼƣ֮ͽ
̶Ӳ£ôˣͨͽȥʱ˳ͻǾͲˣԷô˵ҲǲȨˣȥͨõԺǲŻǡ
̿һջ֮ûҲûʲôҪŵĶͶԿ˵ǽɣСһЩ񡣡
ǼʲôûУΨһֵǮľ󣬿ɳ̲׼ȥ
˭֪ʱ᲻Լ
̶ڵõԺ˳ǣɺ֮ǰǻһеĴǣÿֵȫˣҲ࣬⸽ټĴǣÿ춼ӿһǣǱ߸ˡ
ϣ󷽣Сǰ棬ϣƿӣڽֵϿ˼ˡ
Щ壬ؾͰ˾Ӷ࣬ǽСرۡ
Ӷ֣Լգôȫū
ϣӦġ
ӣҲûʲôö
Ҳ֪ǴСطģʲôõʲô
ȻҲûʲô
Ҫ;ǲġ
ϣڸá
һ·ĿģǶѾľˣֻЩֻ֣ˡ
ǵ̶Ӻܿ쵽ԭļﵹǱɨĺܸɾûˮҲûз㣬ûζҪţҵط˩ͼһȺ˿첽˹Ⱥ߰һ岻ͬ£еĻñӣһҲūƽ
мūƽܴô棿
ոڳ￴ڿˣϣһ
Ⱥ˵ͷǸƤĵؾϻһ̣ᣬ˵ĸоȴܳȡ
Ӹոձҵʱ̶ӵİŹӱѼϼܣǰ˲پ飬ûæҡ
ūǣЦˡ
ǵɫҲãҪǵҲ̫۸ˡ
ӵܴ󣬴֮ҲǰɤźҲū
Ѿˣ
ֻǲţ壬ūǵײˣ˵£ȥûҪ
ӣţ˩ڼз࣬İڷҲҪ󣬴ֻЩ
ߣԼˣҲĲҪǣǵţţɱһЩﶼֵǮҪǣ˲ǣô죿
ϣߵǰͷؾСӣȻЩ졣
ҺĶ㡣ϣȷԼؾĵؾֻһǸϷ򺦵Ѫ޹飬ʥԺͨʧٵĵؾˡ
ϣϷϵ˾ԼۻᣬھۻϣϣżСؾؾǸȡֵ⣬û˻İ
ϣ۾Լļ䲻ڵϷľۻϼ㡣
Ҳû΢Ц˵ǶǼǰˣʱһǸĵؾ
ϣ֪Ϸ𣿡
ӣ֪
ޱ飬ƺһʶˣһ޹ؽҪİˡ
ϣûʣӵʱϷ򺦵ôңһڣȫο͵ϷĹϵҲǽڻݵǰ£ȻϷѾˣҲûйҪȥ̽ѰϷࡣ
İڷϣЦЦ̬ưӾǰٱϥοֻô˵ĳţǲǣߡ
Ҳ֣ǿԼӺūܣطԱߵĿյϣ滹вϺͶϣҪǹܣţķǾҪԼʰʱʲô뿪ʱ͵ʲô
ƢõҪ˾ôͻȥ˴
ֻƢԽã˾Խۡ
ϣû˵ļС˾һʲô˼
ӭǣ
Ȼߣֱ˵ˣһؾǣ˵𣿡
Ȼǲǹ壬Ҳϵˡ
˶࣬ʮ㣬ϳǵ
˶࣬ȥĸǶᱻصΪϱȻС˶࣬һҲһɲܺӵûһԵôˡ
ָǲΪȻõİ۶ˣͲǸͰ͵СؾͲ֮ǰʧԶһ衣
ˡӵ˵Ժ˵ĹأһǱˣضһġ
˵Ĳȴˡ
Ǽ˵˵ҪǲĹأҪ뿪ҽɷ𡣡
𣿣
ʲô˵
̫ˣ
ϣȻ
Ǳ졣
ϣŴӣǰֱӲһ׵λӣѹɤֻõʣϷûйϵ
˵Ϸ󣬵ϷӺܿļޣϷļҲҲû䵽
ɱ˵Ϸ򣬲ҿסЩ˼ˣͨ˿ġ
ϣǸˡ
һǧ˿٣ϣǸˣĽξ
һҲ⡣
ӳϣЦЦŵھ
ϣͷȻԴ˵ô¾Űɣţǵ˻տϺͶԼҲ׼
Ҳܿ˴ȥϵط
ȻӲŸϣÿһϻúߵĵطЩʲô
ʳģũƷģƷĻﶼй滮õ
Ƿ㣬ҲʰҲ֪һ⡣˵֮Ŷϣ˵ȥǱˡ
ϣͷ֪ԼһҪȥģʱúõĿҲԷһЩֵƵҲһЩпûܳԵĶĥƯıʯֵǮȻʱ򣬱ʯҲǿʯͷ
ֻлûӵ͹ǲŻΪǸ⡣
ٺò
ϣҪԼӸŴһȥȴִվԭ˿
ϣôߣ
Ǹü˳ۣʵ侲ӣӲܽǱҪֻһ
ϣӲţ˵ȴϣһֹֻˡ
λ˵ĹػеࡣϣЦЦ˿Ƿлǳ
û˵
ϣԼ˵øһȥ
ŶԷɵҪԼԼҲԼļֵ
ϣڴӵȥǱ·
ⲻһǣҲһǱǳǱˣƺһжòһˣǱĺܸɾϣվ̨ףıǼҲûŵǹɶζƺΪˣǱҲ
ϣ䣺Ϊλ˲ųΪˣǳΪԺλ˵ģ
ǰߣô֤λǸҰĵˣǺߣ֤ǸгǸˡ
ȴֻ˵ˣҸˡ
ϣ˵һ˾վȵĹ䴦
ԷͦΣһͷƯǳɫͷ΢ЦſԼϣΪԷһǸúܲˣֻǲϣöԷ׵ġ
ϣû뵽ΪȴȻͷ˵˵ͣ
ϣһԼղŻûü񣬲ȻҲ̫ˡ
ֻǡǱԭôô𣿳Ǳô
ϣջԼӡ
òӶԷǱһжΪŷı仯ôһĻʮϡ
ƺ߲ͷϢĳǱϣֻüԼĽŲŲڰĳǱͻأϣЩ߳ܡ
쵽һ䣬𷢵˸һѾƣֶ˿õƬзڹǽдѾݳˣԣĳУϣҲûܵĴ
ϣָһСճĵɫǽʣʲôۣ
΢Ц˵ǷۣˣԼƵǡ
ڵԴܼ򵥣ȻǣķۻȸߵˮƵǽѵã۸񰺹󣬾ǹԾܳԵˮǽһ㶼Ƚᣬ˵ǽ˵Ὤ
ǵļ۸Ӹ߲£ԽǳԲǣԽǿζ
ϣϸʵʱֶһСֵʳ
ϲϣʣ˵ɣģԳ
ϣ˵ɣְտϵ˵ǽڿִƬϣһѾƣȵ۾ɴˣҲϲˡ
ǹûݳ
ЩѵĶȴһƶûм˵ĳ
ѵ
ѵ˸ָһ·
ʱ򣬻ʲôǱʳģǲȱ·ȱװƷȱˣǿ׳ūΨһȱģǴݼܡ
ϣûлعվſڵĿϺȻȥϵЦݣ
ǸᣬĻأҰĲˡ
Ҫˡ
лҪ˵̣Ļ˵˭
ˣ
̣ѽôӵ𣿡


90 
ųǱĹߣϣ۾, ﹴճһҰĲģȻǸߴ, ҲȻưģӦһ˫̵, ۾д˶ȨĿ
Ȼλߵſڣϣȫòʱ, ˲ľȼϣ˵Էһֻܴ, ·ϣ, ȴֻλܰ·ڲͬ
ԷһͷɫĳĹ¼ҹһڡ
˫ɫ, Ī⡣
òƤ׵Ĺ˷֣ĵپ£ÿһ綼죬ÿһֶû覴ãҲһ룬һߵ㡣
ĲǸķΣһ£˻
ߵ, ܵҡ
ϣûдӶԷ۾￴κζȨĿҲûпκҰġ
ֶԷҲڴ, ڴһ
ϣʶĵͷӾ򲮾ǰ٩٩̸ӣʱȴ޷ֱӶԷ۾
Լǻͣ, ùۡ
ʹȴֽӽƷһ˿á
⸴ӵĸоҪƷˡ
̵ǺƽĿˣҲûʲôرڵĵطһѱɱӵĴӣ˻ͦġ
ϣʡ
ϣʱŻع̧ͷ̵Ŀƣ۾ȼһѻ𣺡ǵģˡ
ϣԶԷ˵ɣ̫нǿ͡
ΪԷǽţԷЦЦ
Цʱ۾΢䣬ǷĵϲԷϣ޴룬һƬհףɴ㶵վԭأǿϿȥϣļ˻ȥ
̺ϣţһˮǴģ
ϣ촽źϣƺĭֻҪһ㣬ԷͻʧӰ١
ʥǹϣû֮ǰһϹ˵Ļȫġ
̣ôԶࡣ
࣬ʱһ˵ϣԼҲˣ;棬ô˻л֪˶Σգί˲ӿ
ȴûи̫˴ʱ䣬˿ˮԺʣʥǻ𣿡
ϣһ죬Ͱ֪ȫ˵ˣ뵽ģֱ˵Ҳ˵֮ǰֹͣ
ʥǵⲻˡϣЩˣֻЩ˵ĿڴǮСֲܸǴʲôôƽֻʳΣ϶ˡ
ϣԹ˺ܶ࣬Լ⼸Ѷڳǰ˵һ顣
Ȼûˣʵ޷ͬܣֻڰο䡣
ϣ˵󣬱һѱһᣬԼȾһǮı
ӣвҵ
Ŀߣø̸ˣѻ⣺֪ȱʲôܻȥĶ࣬ҲˣûˣҲķϵĲ࣬һƶջ񡣡
ϣæָϵĶ˵ˣЩǽ;ƣܻıʯͽ
ȴҡҡͷҲҪʯͽ
ϣȻͬ˵˵󣬲ҪЩС
̣
˺ϵ֪ƨ
ϣΪ̿ǵ˵Ҫʳˡ
̵ͷ
ϣҪԱҵ̶
̰ڰ֣Ͳˡ
ԼĸֵӲãûҪٻһʶķá
ϣȻΪʲôǺʶȤ˵ҲҪΣ治Ρ
ȷʵҪһ㣬Ͼ֮Ҫ˿ڣڵҲֻǿô˳԰꣬Ͼ˲ׯ԰Ƭʵʵһˡ
費Ҫкܶ鲼ҪܻȥҲܺá
ϣȴ˵ƶ䲼ԣͨĲȥˣҲա
̣ôȰѴʵⶨɡ
Ǻ;СΣ޲ūȻһǧˣİ˶ūȻǴС˸ǵӣЩԼ˸ӣһ·ߣ˾Խࡣ
ڰụ̄ȥֿԲµġ
Ͼǲȱ·ġ
ԽԽΪū
ĸӣɷӣżʣѾʲôˡ
̸ϣ̸ڳǱסͣϣǸʶˣҸʲͬϣݸ߹˴򽻵һо
ˣǰ˵ĽƽϺصĸ
ǰȻ˴׼ģԼ֪Ļȫһ飬ûѿ⣬ҵ뵽ģȶˣнⶳţΪǱģȻʣڸбѬõöࡣ
ϣԵú㡪·ܵޣֻеŵʱɣֻڸǵܲ˵ô󷽣ʵϳ޷Ǿֿԣб˵ļŮ
ЩǰģֻЩ˵ĶǮԼȴ븶κδۡ
ֻһӬͷСϣܶǸж¡
ڲϣڸǵٵö𣿡
ϣ˿⣬Լһȷѡ˵̾˿춳˲ˣԭһǧ˵ĳǣٶ㲻ˡ
ԭɺ˺ܶˣʳ˶͸ѡ
ûʳûбůҹڴϵĲ
˺Ӥ׶ǿֻǶݵıۣҲ۾
ūǶ˲١ϣ˵ӵģӵģԼġ
ѵʱһӵļͥ࣬ϣһǼкӣһĶټ
ڼԺҲˣÿ춼ɫ˥ļŮм˱ϳԺ
ϣЩ˵Ŀʮڱ棬̾һȻѸٵĵ֮Ժ
һЩ£ϣȻ֪޲ԣΪ˷ȤĬ˵ܴ󷽣ûаҴţ˵ʥҳһ࣬Ǳվӣ֮Ҳңǽ飬顣
ϣ˵˵йҵЦ涼ǱʥԺġ
һֱѹŲӼᣬΪǲ²ʲô
ϣҹڳǱסˡ
˵û뵽ôõջ˾Ȼ£һƶҲûУؾͰˣ͵ȵū壬ܱǿ飬ƥľ
鲼ǲü۵͵Ʒ鲼Ҳã
ҹﲻ˯ȾƵʱ
ôһǡ˺˿ھƣզֻκϡ
ǻ鲼εġˣʯͷģǳɫõıʯ
һʱֲ˵ǸˣֻЩ˶ûʳʳﲻ࣬ҲǣûСӰӣ궬̫Ҳ̫䣬ٵطҪСֲʱ䡣
ǿǸϡЦ˵Щ˲֪ж󡣡
˶񣬳һղЦݡ
Ȼ˲֪ǵıôЩȫŪҲ¡
˵ֲ֣ĵؾͰ˶ܸ年иһ棬ôأ
֮ǰǣһط嶼ܺƽһ֮Աǣǿ壬ҪôūҪô
ǿ羫壬ҲҪ
ûˣЩҲֻ鲼ǳиѹɤ˵ȱˣһ飬Ҫܻǣ
˵оơ
ץģһȺΪȱʳһϢ鿿άײȺķΧڣҪǰץ飬Ҫūʱ侫ץôһ
κץô࣬ȻŹ
һ·ԭʮҲֻȥǹġ
ֻܲűʺͿˡ
鷴Ҳ춼Ҫ£ϳúãΨӻūЩƻ󣬾þֵǮֵǮ̫ˣ
ֻҪԸʮ鶼ߣ±˵ҲС
˵Ը򡣡˵ǶøЩؾˣӦе⡣
ʱ׶ڲԶ͵ͷˣסһԼ䣬ֳ⸱Уһͷ𷢣˶Ǹ飬ֻһǸҾõĹӵܡ
ǹ壬治ܰѺι⸱С
ͬ壿
׶㵽˰ҹ͵͵ǱǴŻĵط֣ǸӣȻҲֳܴԼ߷ʣҹɫһŤ˻
ǱʲģȻѾܾûԼͬˣһƬء
ԼԶ˵ı
ūʱūְֻҪǣӾС
;ʱѾǹؽߣҪƷͣӹ͸һԺ԰ɾľ˵ִþܡ
׶ľǣľҲ׶
ʱ꣬׶ٴο˼ͬնˣ첽ܹȥһɽӲ̬ܳվǰԼϼҵĻ˵ҽ׶ҲǸ飡
ȻľһͷˮֵΪʲôҪ˵
һŭǵģȻһֱߣҲ֪ϲȥ֡һ֪Ǻöʳһҹˣһȥ
壬ǾҲᵱģ

Щ˵ͨ
׶
Ҳ壡׶ԼͷǿԼĶ䣬ҲǾ飡

ԭ黹ֳӣ
׶裬Ҫ˵ȴ˵Ƕ׶ĵ˺ܶࡣ
ߣΪ˰ι𣿡
̫ˣ嵽Ҫʲô
Ǹ޷ģ
׶ŭˣҲǱιģԼԳģ
ǣ
飬ֱǾ⣡ܿԼˡ
׶ûмԼˣǸѾҵʱûиˣʲô塣
ɽûˣ㵽ĵطȥˣЩطȥˡǸ׶߿ࡣ
ԴӸɺԺԽԽ٣żҲǹҰҰãƤ˹Ǿʣʲô⣬ԭǲģΪʳѷ඼ˡ
ˡҲûò˼
Ȼͱץסˡ
ˡǵĿЩˣΪǻᱻͬ壬һӶҲˡ
ʱһû꾫Ȼ˵ܳô֣һǮɣܲܰǶԺҴԸ㡣
仰ľһĪϣ
ҲܴԸ㡣
ʵﶼ㣡
׶ʡϵⶼڶûת뿪ЩϾͬ壬岻ͬǱ⣬ҪһǵķǿһŮһֻһӣܿһ
˫ŮҲпڲҶ԰ʮҳϣһˣһӣԽԽ٣ҲҪʧǵҰˡ
δľ飬ֻҪǾ飬һԷ
׶Щ˵ûǮǮȥ
˺ã϶Ӧǵġ
Ƕġáûӡֻ֪ġ׶˵֮䣬ҲɵһЩϣ
׶ˣǲ˵ǸܲӦ
ǰǸһܳȻҲӡ
ˣǸ϶Ļˡ
ڶ𴲵ĳ̣ͱ׶Ŀֵòðȥʵ̲סϣ׶죡˯һ
ǰȥ׶޵þ춯Ժޣֻ̫ǱʯͷķӸЧǺܲģ׶츳ʯͷ񵲲ס
û˯ɻĳֻܶһͷҷ˰׶
׶һ߿һߴãҿڳʮ˵Щ˴˾ˣҵͬ壬ûǮܲѾԺҸɻҪҲҪ
̺˿ˮ鲻⣬ҲҪϣ⣬ʱϣĸ鵱ͷϣӦòܾ
С̴Ӧͦɴࡣ
׶˲䲻ˣٶ֮죬ֻйܼҿ֮
Ҿ֪Ǹˣ׶ǹһЦݣʮֲã˷ܵȴ˰ǶҾʮͬˣȲؾͰ˲٣
һˮ׶ʮ
׶ͷ
̺ݶЦҧгݵ˵ɱҲʮ׶Ϸ㳤ˣ
׶˸£ϵⶼؿų̣ͼԼӴ̵ͬġ
ˣѾǸò˫翵ľˡ
ڵǸٽߵķʿס䣬鶼ϲǾ顣


91 
ͣʱԭԤƵĸ㲻, Ȼ, Լһļڣů, ȴһܰɹ˸ɣ, ûзʩɹˡ
ãҲĺȫ˷ڸ·, Ҳڳ̵ﻨһСǮ, ˷ס
ԭյĳǣΪһǧ˵̶Щ
Щ, ڳίĸϣԺ󣬾ͱϣԵͼۻ˳̡һʮǣ˵ǵͼۣҲܲˣЩóȥ֪ܻٶҲûϸƽϡ
ǲܣʱԸֻ۱ֻۣǿ, ҲҪ˭ϣԸ⻨Ǯ, Ҳֻϴ߼ۻ
ֲ׼Լ齨һ̶, Ժȶˣ˱ˣټƻҲ١
Щ鶼źˣȻǳǻģʱͲԼѡȥҪһʮǲܡ
ǲԣȻͨʻ֪ġǷҪǷǮȻҪ׶ĺҲͷˣȥԣٶ࣬Ҳ׼Ƥԡ
ΪоֻҪǻͻ䣬ûгˣŮģϲǴؼխ˧磬һһεӡ
׶ûϵԼѾĻͬ壬ȻôģÿԲӣҹѣ͵͵ȥҵ㶫ԻҪ˯ſڵͬסװҲû
ʮӣûݶ٣ϵ⵹һЩϡԿòۼ
ΪûߣԼÿ춼ţֻǰȣԽԽûȥˡ
ϣҲ֪˸ߵʱ򡪡ûûȫø·
ĺܲģֻ˼˼
˫ʱദĻ죬ǿ鼸ˣһܻΣǲ֪ôΣȻ㾫Σȷʵȹ⿿ᴿĴκõöࡣ
ͬʱҲʮٶ׳ūŮūԼûȻỻ̡
Щ˸յϣͱȥ⿪ˡ
ũﳤӲݣȻѾǿԲСźҲҪ֡
˿⣬ﶼرϡ˿Ҳûʲô
绹УֲҲԭׯ԰ͱõˡ
Щ˶صĹкͶԳ̵ӹɵġ
źһ֮󣬳̾ˬѹһĸڵõ˻⡣
Ψһǵľǿ˹ػûл
ԭ˹뿪ʱ˵¾ܻڶȥˣ˹زڳߣ̾;ӹ̫ʱȴ¿һÿһ붼
ȥߡ̶Թܼ˵ϵѿðˡ
˵ʱվڴ̨һڳ̵ϡ
ܼڷ￴ţǸ۵СѾˣһ֪꣬һص꣬ϵȻȥû
ȥͳȥɡܼڲųˣȻѾ󣬲ǸҪСҪˣ
̳ܼЦ֪ϧúܡ
ҲȥתһתһƬƽԭԶƽԭֻϡϡ輸ݵǺܶ࣬ЩܰԣȻ˸ݻȥιϧݣʱͷͷ󣬵ͽ׳ȫǼ⡣
ƴܸƽֻ֣ǰ£ѵʱ䳤ˣƾͲˡ
̻ð˼׵ΣƬѬͲˣŵϣųԺܷ㡣
ǰֶһֲˡ
õҪ̤ϢԺæϣÿһЩĸαΪ˴ˣȥĶǶء
ǰܲĴһǻм֮û취ڵǰȥֻܰչ˵ĸãÿһƥƤë͹ˮԵĶǱĶϣȥһƥϹۡ
̤û̫ˣϹܼҸһҪڳǱԱߣҪ·ϿҰҰҲȥ
̶ڳǱǱٴҲƵûš
ͷ̽һŵҶ㡣
ܼҿڳϣ۾΢̣Ҳܺá
һӳԹܶ࣬ҲùҲ˷ĸ磬ûӶӣԭΪԼׯ԰ҿû˼ǵҲû˻ỳ
ڲͬˣپûȤҲپԼһѾߵͷ
˻ڳɳһССׯ԰һǻûʥԺϽơ
δʲôܼҿ壬ϣԼܻóһ㡣
̿ķ羰ĴأȴֻôˣЩֻҪ˸־ͻֻҪúʩʾͲЪ֡
Ϊ٣ٺõضֻܻķˡ
ׯ԰濿ɽȻȫҲвõĵطҪ±ʯ
ҵ·㣬̫ҲǺ¡
ܿĵҲޡ
ֻҪһ·ׯ԰ȫǨ
̫˸
̲ʱ̫ãϵƤ°׵Ļۣ촩Ƿ֯ĳͳ䣬һ̧־¶һ
վ䵱ħֻһ۾æͷȥ
ħ˿ĭСҿͬûע˿Ҫĸͬȥ¸״˵ˡ󡱵ԼԴּǳ¡
һ΢紵ţȻΧ
ڳ׼ֱɵڲݵϵʱһ紵Ұݷ׷ſ˵ϣ۷Ҳǹݡ
̺ȻվһĿԶ
ڵֻܿԶеһССڵ㡣
ǺڵԽԽ̲ſ˫޴ĳһƬƣͶ˿־Ӱһĳǳ̼˹صԭΣҲ뵽ȥֻΪһۡ
ͷڴĿգǶԳ򿿽ʱ˹أ
θĳϹܼҾֻħǡ
ҲزҴš
Ҳ֪˹ûУüˡ
ο˹Ӧ߿ˣƬӰø󣬿ʱ𽥱С̧ͷ˹ɱģˡ
˹ضͷĽǲˡ
˫ȴð˹Ǵһİɫ䵶⵽һǸֱۺ˫ȵƬø󣬸ڣһź⡣
ϰƤӲҰף˰ɫķۣĺڰ׹ȸһֹС
߲ʣֲֿ쳣
̿۾ڷ
ܼҿ۾췭ȥˣûħԭΣͻȻ⵽ţʹȥ
ħĿתǲֻ̣õ˹ı仯ǿǴӿ˹й
ȵҽ»ûпҲ˸оȶȡ
ûбȫͬħǣŷǿΪ׼
صһ˲䣬˹رΣǾ̬ԭģͷȳ̸ڣϺõĶӣŹ⣬̾һӦò˿ָв
˹صƺҲøˣǰ͸⣬һ¶ȣȴǺɫɣû¶ȡ
Ψ̺޲ȥ
ֹ̡ܼܾÿ˹λʲôˡ
ֻûüֹڿѾˡ
ܼҵĸ߸ߵŵزҴ
Ȼùܼҵĵûз
˹ſ˫ۣס˳̣ѳ§˻
ˡ˹ص촽ڳ̵Ķǣ˲˷ܵͨ졣
ģץס˹ص֣ſ˹ص۾ƺҫȺǡ
˹صĿͼˣס̵֣ƭ㡣
ȷʵˣˣҲˣԼ˱ȸӣԼӦһһ䣬ѾȴԽǰϼ֣㡪ǸԭסȣҲ㰫ƽһЩ
ϾӪϣøߵĶ˸ĸߵĸ
ҲˣϾ˹ܼҾħ壬ţڿ˹صĴӡһǣһ֣ȿ˹طӦԼĶȺˡ
û˹أСʤ»˼
춼ܼʱ򲻾ôֿһʱžġ
֮ǰ˹뿪ʱ򣬳̻ûָо
ڳҲûͷ羰ˣ޲ôſ˹ԭ˲ƻط䣬ɵù£ֻǻûеȳ̿ڣͿһȺС
ҡҡλεһ֪õĲ
ȺСһء̲ŷǶˡ
Сħ塣
ĺӳüһòħôȻҲܿһ仢ͷԣʮֿɰ
ֻǶŲķֱͣ治Ů
ż˹뿪ʱ˵Ҫħ̴
Щôг򣿡ֵϾħô࣬гȴֻп˹һ
˹أҸģֻά̵ֺܶʱ䡣
ȺС·һ궼һܻ
۾˼ǣԺҲܳɰ裿
˹ƺ˳̵뷨Ц˵ָֻܰħ塣
æ˵ǰħҲħ壡
˹̵ͷ̾˿Ǿˡ
ôֱħأ
תһ룬Ҫħ壬һֱֲָԨ֮¡
˲ۿۡ
Ⱥ̴뿪ԨʼûôأǶһж˺棬κĺӣСʱһ˫ƯĴ۾󣬲ŻῪʼǡ
̿Ⱥӣͦɰġ
γ̤࣬ջ˿˹أջһȺħСӡ
ЩЩˣǲҲڿ˹صı󣬾Ȼڳ̱ٲȻѳ̵˱ӻĪԼԼͦкԵ
һ˶߻ȥģôຢڳ󣬳ҲҲôຢӣƽȣǾһ߰ɡ
ħǶЩӵǲӣҲ׽
˵оЩӵֻԼ֪Ҳ֪
ħ岻˺̣Ҳӻ̡
Ůħ壬ºӣӿ·Ժͻ뿪ѺӵԼΡ
Сħ壬¸ѧ·ֻ֪ܿԼȶ
ڿ˹ص࣬ſ˹ص֣˹صһů
̾úܰġ
ְĵĸоֻп˹ܴ
ȥԺûΣգʡ
˹Ŀƣų촽΢ûС
Ժʲô鷳˹ص˵ѳ̵յøȴûó̸оۡ
һãȻûʲô鷳
˹̧һֻ֣ȼķ̵ա
̵ֱ
ôأȻƺ̫ðɡ
һ
˹̾Ϣôˣ
ŷӦ۵ģǶģ˭ҡ
Ժͱˡ赭д˵ǰ궬컹䣬ҺҴ
̻һתʼԿޣ˵ԼֿУ˵Ӷ쿪ʼˮأ˵˺ܶ࣬˹ذš
ĹܼҿʱϲõЦݣ룬ֻҪô¶ı飬ôǸħ廹壬Ҫˡ
ŮҲҪ
ȺħС̻úˣڹ¶Ժһ״ӣ˺⣬߰˸Ůū䵱Աʮֳ㣬ںЩŮūԺǶܺãûŰҲֿ
㺢żƤǵĳͷֶҲʮԻġ
ο˹شĶʮŮ
ֻǳøкûҲûУƾ޷֡
̸˹ػ˳ǱصǱ֮ǰ˹ػǱ˾ӣϾ˻ǳǱˣֻ˹صľģ
Ѿϰ߿˹ʱʱʧһʱ䣬ͳһΪ˹Ǹѳ̵ܽˣȻôܶˣ뿪ôʱ䣿
ϧʵڰô֣Ҳû
Ȼϲ˵ʲôſ˹صǴ
˹ĿбӣͶĿ⡣
ֵ˵ôоֵֹġ
˹ʣʲô֣
Ҳ˵Ҳ֪ˣ´ɱʲôʱ򣿻Ҫ뿪ô𣿡
£ʱ䣬ʵ̫ˣ
˹˵Ц⣺һʮˡ
˿
˻ص˷䣬ѸٵĹϷţֵ̫Եɫж
һ˳÷ֱûʲôܵĽӴ߾ñط֮顣
̸תͷûü˵Ҳûüֶţͱ˹صϡ
˹ص˫ץų̵һ̾ڿն
޴ֻ˫ȼס˹ص
ڣ촽Ϳ˹صĳƽˡ
Ŀഥ֪˭ȳ̻عʱ˵촽Ѿһˡ
ܸܵ˹صıϢҲܸܵ˹ص
ŵһصϢ֯һϢ
̵ĺ»۾ûн࣬糺죬˫ߵβһſ˹ء
˹صĴ̵ʣ̷һƺߣȴ᲻ðѿ˹ƿ
Ĳ࣬޲ôӴ˳ڿ˹صϡ
ֵĸܣȾҸ־̫죬ʹ
ס˿˹صĲӣ˸ӽ
ֿʱ򣬳̵촽ˮжӨӨ⡣
˹֣ĴָĦų̵Ĵǡ
ˣġ


92 
谵ڣκʸڿ˹ص, °͸ڿ˹صļ, ִڿ˹صԣ˹رߵ, 嶼ģ̧ͷ˹, ۾ˮ⡣
ʱ˿̣ڿ˹ص, ̾ˮ
˶û˵, κԣʱԵò԰ѷ
̴չȥ, ҧס˿˹ص´֪Լ˶ƺֻẬţƺƴ˺ҧһѪҺڣȵöð
ʲôö˹ضûֹ
̱˹طŵ˴, ĺ󱳰Ŵ˹һȻڵ, һȹڴϣ˫ץſ˹صıܸܵ˹ر, ˹عɶ
ѾֹǱܴȼգܸܵ˹촽¶ȣ˹˫ֵȣûйٵĴ̼У֮С
ȳٴλʱϸޱãۣȥԼԣԱ߿տյֻһΡ
ֻ̫棬Լ촽ﻹֵζ
ƿӣҪ·ͿԼֱϵǺۣ¿
̵ҪԼȫƺûһƬԭģƤˡ
ֻȴ֪١
̳Ųڵ̺ϣѸٵش·Ȼһ͵͵ȥϴԡϴûľӸգ̲֪Լʲôӡ
еۣ·ֻССŲһֻͰ͵СѼӡ
ϴԡҳͱϴԡſڵĿ˹һ
˹ؿǽϣֻһɫ㣬ҲûЬ󷽵չʾԼļͳµĺۼ
ǻһ磬Ѿˡ
̸˵ͱԼĿˮǺסȵû찵ء
˹طסֱۣĺ󱳡
̿ȵ۽Ƕˣۿ˹أֻǵɵûһȣüĿ顣
·أŴʡ
˹ذѳµһͷ쵽̵Ķ󣺡ҿ㣬ȥǸ׼˵Եġ
̣㲻Ҫʣ·أ
˹ؿų̣һ޹˵û
ˣ߶
˹صͷ𣿡
̸˵˹˵ϵĺۼÿ𣿡
̣
ֿ
ǵøˣһܱ
㡢㡭û㡱Ȼû뵽ȥһˣ˹Ѿɧɧˡ
˹صͷڳ̵Ķ˵֪ģ𣿡
ֵĻ˵ˡ
ǿ˹̫ˣô죿Ȼѡԭˡ
̻׺ݵ˵ԺҪٲ£Ҿȥ˯ȣҵĴ
˹Ŀؿų̡
̱׶ʣ𣿼ס𣿣
˹ζĴסˡ
ƫͷȥ˹صС˵㲻·ӣֻܿ
˹Цһ
߳ŭЦʲôѵ˵Ķ𣿣
˹ץס̵֣ų̵۾ѳ̵ַŵԼߣڳ̵ֱһǣ˵Ķԡ
ˣβƽϣ̾˿ԼģҪʱ̼ǵǸ˵ˣµĵطܸ˿
˹ֻ֤Լסˡ
ԼϰΪʲôУԷǲסֱǶţ١
ʱǶûʲô׷ȻһŮڳ֮ǰǴ֮£ǣҲû˻𣬱Ͼ󻷾ˣܶмˣɷ֪ҲĿǷˡ
ȻԱ˵಻⣬Կ˹صģǻǺġ
Լ˹ΪߵһģôͲӦЩΪԭһķһԱ˴ҳǻ
ҳǵػһػ⣬ôٸߵĽҲֽġ
̸˹ػص䣬һԳġͺ͡
̳Ժɾǣֺ˿ˮŶԿ˹˵뿪Ժ﷢¡
һǧˡǳġ
̺һڣȥ̫ˣ
ֲһһѣһܳɣȥôˣڿ϶˿ڣϾ˲һеĻֻԽˣܴԽļֵ衣
˹ذš
˵صϲҲ˵Լһĵģ֮ǰħϼ峤ȻѾˣ˸˵ħΪʲôҾ͵ǲҪʲôˡ
ȥɺһɽ컹иɺ˵һݣˮѾ˲٣ˣҪֿ磬С黹źֻһ㡣
̣ǶֻƶֵĻãֲҲʲô
ԼĴȫ˵꣬̾Ϳſ˹أȿ˹ؿ
Ȼ˹Ȼû򵽳佱˼ǺܲĵĿ佱̣һֱܴ
̵Цúã
ŴԴӿġ
ֻǳ̻ûü˹˵漱ٵĽŲæվôˣʲô£
ʱһ£϶Ǵ¡
˹ȥ˷ţɴӳ̵ķſھֻһ˵иŮҪˡ
һ֪϶ǼᣬǿȻ˺ӵŮ
ǵ̫СˣʱҲˣӲûִҽѧ޷֤ڴԺ󲻻Ѫտ˵˵ѺոС
ŮҲѡѺ
ôѡΪ뵱ĸףʲôĸֻǲ
òħצҸոտʼôΪͷأ
ηǸǿŮڸһʰЦݣǰׯ԰ʱŮūʱĲҽʱȫҲܼ򵥣鲼ˮС߼
ӳҪͨҪ
⣬º١
ЩŮ壬Ƚ˵ѵģţͷ˻ǰˣǵĿ͸岻һҲôۣĸ׸꺢Ӿµ߶ֻ壬ҪڹŹǰһ⡣
Ҳǵһθ˽ŮĲҽ󵽰ֶ
˵£ŮܺãĸĸúܺãǣǸԺԸⱧ˰ѺŪߡ
ҲҪŮǺѪۣڴϣԿ˵Ҳ
˾˰ѺӱߣЩŮū̻ûжϣι̺ûӣͻᱻȥ¶Ժ˸ĸ˭
źͰ͵Ŀ̾˿
ǷĲˣĸף˭Ҳ޷ĸ
ŮͷԼûбȥĶӣغˣҵĶΪʲôô󣿡
˰ѺӵݸˣŮ͵ҪһʱĶӲָܻ
Ůﺬˮ̫ˡ
ЦЦܿ±Ư˸ʰһ£úϢɣ⼸첻Ҫ߶
Ůϵظмллˡ
΢Ц뿪˷䡣
ǸҲˣŮūҺ˵ģˮܶ࣬ԼĺӸԲ꣬ÿ춼ĥԲųιһӡ
̵ڶһ磬ҲõŮ˳ºӵϢҲ¶Ц
û¾ͺá̶һ
ǰ¼ƬСšִҽ£Ҳܱ֤ÿһƽ뿪ÿһŮƽºӣ̶ĵΪǸеġ
̲ŮˣûӣҲ˺ӡ
żԼҲԲǸŮˣ˺ӣԼͺмѡĻһѡԼ
ԶԱӤ̾øҪǻǴˡ
ãǵҲźã˸ŮȥһЩǣһƥ鲼ŮĸյԺлųǱķݡ
Լеʱ࣬ŮҲˣֻһŮˣʱѪûܰڶ̫𣬶ӵĺҲʱˡ
ŮһȥŮٰΪ׼Ĺ
Ѿˣµ˺ԶڣǴҲԶʧ
˰ǸŮ
ôһˡ
Ѳ
ǵҪٴһЩͺˡŴʮϵŮ̥ôΣգǺ·Сʱ򣬴̥ûôѡ
˹ذοⲻܽ¡
ܰԼĳźһУȴܰӡ
ֻ̣֪ǡ
ǸСôСأǶͣû֣ûڼȴѲ
Ҳ˵Լ˴ӺζûǸСûʲô̵ĸ顣
ˣԼΪߵĹػ
ѾһŮûʲôվ
ܿͻǿССĹҲûĺۼ
Ҳʼ׼ӦԼ졣
Ǻܶݵģÿһ춼ڵʱǸҲúܽ
ˮػڼھ򣬴ˮĹصһţͷ˺ħÿ𴲣Ժͷ˯ţҲˣǵĻʳõġ
ÿ춼㹻Ŀһû¡
ԽԽˡţͷ˯ǰ졣
ɱȿۣ 
ԵҲȿĵʱԵĶأ
ˮעˮֻ쵽
һҹ£һưô˴һϢڶʱ²ܸܵµߡ
ףʼֻһ¡
Ϊ׼ԳزֵĲ࣬ûĻǴˮӦܳŵջ
Ҫǽлȳ棬Ҳڻȳ浽ǰա
ӦĺܺãǶֵ˷ӣÿ׶һȥԣջżȥԶҰɽ¹ʱ̼ǵԼҪծЩﶼɻǼ⣬ֻ⣬˵˳̵Ĳϡ
Ϊ˾飬Կ˹شӴн˳
ǰΪʲôαװɾ飿͹󣬳̺ܲʵľͦΣյġ
òΣأҲǲ²ôá
ɭҰռ䣬һ뿪ɭֻǱץסͻ޾Ԩ
˹صǺֱ׵˵ؾ˺ţͷ̫̫鷳
ʱɾ飬ֻ;򽻵
̣㾹Ȼؾǳ󣿡
ѵħ𣿣
˹أū
˹΢ЦСȴΪū
پ黹һдİǡ
⵹ǡҲףҪ˵ţͷö࣬˵ؾҲ˵˱嶼ǿ
Ϊʲôվڽ˵Ļ壿
˹أա
̲ͬ⣺嶼ǺģˣյֻһС֣ÿ嶼ˡ
˹ϰ˳̶ά˸˵յ˱ࡣ
̣⵹Ҳǡ
˾ԵĻȨȻȻΪѹȵһ
ֻѹȵĲֹǳ塣
׼ȷ˵Ӧϲ壬ѹų׼Ͻ׼֮µˡ
˵ףǽ׼ѹȣ塣
ն˵ҵﲻܳ£ҲԲˣ
˹ʣҪǳˣҪô
սԼȭͷҾҪ֪ҿɲǳصģ
Һ׵ģ
׵˴ѾռˣֻȾɫãȾɫֻȾۺɫȽϵȻѾȲˣǾٵһȡ
ǰȾɫĴףǷۺɫҲǿɡ
ȻԤϵף綼ȷ磬ǳҲٴ£ǴųಲŮҲԼ¸ˣ˱ĵĿʽ̣ܶ¶
ڸɻߵķб裬Ȼǲģڹȵͷ󺹣Ҳû˱Թбڸɻɻõö࣬ҪǶԹ˸ô죿
ݣҪˮȥӵˮӷ¡
ҲЩʣ͸һȥñӽˮǺȵˮǹտģȣȻҲܽʡ
̾˿Ҫܺȱˮͺˡ
ǵıޣҪñˮǱڻٶȾ͸ˡ
ֻܺˮ
һһˮ꣺ˮȾͲˣô˻ûꡣ
ͷµ˵ҺԤϵˣȻ϶ȥѡ
ȥׯ԰һӣȻҲˣڸɺڣﻹˮģȻǶŲ
˿Լ첻Էȴܼ춼ˮ
Ա߳ˮȵ⻰Ժһͬԣʲô֪ĸˡ
ݺͲһ㶡
ǸŮ˵˴ûһ£϶õľˣһĸ谮ĺӣ
Դׯ԰һĸԺ󣬲˶λŮ
Ůӵбʥǿ
ݿŮֵĸʲô
Ůĸ
ݼʣΪʲô˻ĸĺӣ
Ů˵˲ĸĺӣΪʲô֪ȳʲôʱΪʲô֪иɺأ֪϶ĸĺӡ
ֻĸײŻչԼĺӣ
һĸİӣ
ĸǵģ
лҪ˵˵ĸĺӣ
̣⽨Ҫã˭˸裿


93 
ֻѷձ鶼äʱ, ҥҥͱʮֳ, һϹģͬĻڲͬ˵Ķ˼Ҳͬ, ⻰ٴȥμӹ, ⻰˵ȥ˶֪Լ˵ġ
̵֪ԼȻ˸衱ЩЦá
ı˲ʥһˡ
˵ĸСӡվһ, ֻȥ, ͬʱԼҲΪ⻰ǿѨ磬˺ܿĸӡ
ûϵߵ˾ȻҲ, ϾϦദÿϲֽЩ˶֪ǾȻˡ
治֪ҥԵϴԹ̫ǿĲˣ
̿ϵӣ̲סʣҲţ
Ϻܸɴصͷˣ֪ô˲֪Ķʴȣû, ǿˣڡ
ʵΪ, ˲ӣǴΪʲôԤһУʥԺԺףųԼ, Ǵ˵׼ʲôʱиɺʲôʱеضʲôʱлȳ档
ϲΪʥǲڵġֻǾʥܲĸ谮ĺӡ
Ͼĸֻһô࣬ʮָг̣ĸһϲҲǺǰĸϲʥ飬ĸϲԼӣͨ
ȿ뿪ˣ̲ŵһۿ˹أЦʲôЦ
ԺûסԼҲЦˡ
ʵֻϰȥ񻯡ĳˡĵϣӣֻһѶ˲Զǣʵӵʱ򣬾ͲŤתģеϣŤת
ټϳ䣬ͬʱҲȷʵ˶ȷǰ񻯡ʵ֮е£ǳ
͸йŴڻʵ۵񻰹һն壬ǳʱ콵ȻʼܿԼģûڵƲЩúûдĹôãôġ
Ϊ˵һȨһȨͨ˸аȫС
ȻȨû˽ģû˽Ϊÿͨ룬ھܰȵ˻
񻯵ȨߣǶδϣ
̣Ҳʲô£ùܡ
Ͷһ軹ƹŮû
ǵͷȥͺˡ̾ſ˹صݹֳһҰ
ǱһֹľĹӣСѵõǺ𣬲ҰۣůɫԺǳժʱҪţ΢ͻ顣
ɵǽڱһͻӲǣȻ׻Щ̺ϲ
ֲܴڵӲƷһִӲǵζǶԼһֻ
Ȼ֪ԼԶҲزȥˡ
ϴɾԺҪƤԣƤܱ֭ˮܶ࣬̾ſ˹صֳԹӵʱʶܿ˹صָ
̣
̧ͷſ˹ص۾˹¶һаЦݡ
˹Ŀĵãæ˵Ѿûˡ
⻰ת̫Ӳ˹ֻǵͷûнӻ
˵ʱǱѾ߶ˡ
Ǻ£˲ˣӵģһ׵ӹ˵Ʋһ·ûУСмʵƽʱڷ뿪Լļ磬ֻûл·˲Ż
û˰Щ˸ߣǶ
ҪɵĻܶ࣬ĽֵҪʵС·ҲһˮһҪ֣û͵ˣˣҲ⣬Ͼ͵ˣζû룬û͵öӡ
˹ؿų̡
һ˵ǰ죡
˹źƿĿ⡣
˿
ҪҪǿ˹ʮҪƽһΣҪóҲһΣ̾ԼƿѾҪˣҪһֱҪˡ
ûʮҪ
ҳ̻Լ˵ٳͷ
֮ǰ˹˵ħʱߣһӾôߣ˹ػȥһˣֳһ㣬ɼҲ˵׼
ףɹ˲ţȴϢģһڼȥ˲ֻֻֻܳĴ㣬סڳǱߵСͷһ궼ø
Ȼͷһ겻ظ𣬵ǳԷﶼҪǮģᣬǸˣÿȥģÿ쿪ĵشСܻõʳ
ɵɵʲôҲ뿪Ͼ࿪һأõʳ
ӣʶ˱˶ʳиִ
µĶȰҲҪ۵˲Ų㡣
ȳµЦЦùµǸˣǰΪũ£´ɵүҲֻɵ̫١
µĿȰסҲȥˡ
ȵĽҲҵ˹Ϊ¶ԺһӣֲʵֽиѵõĴӣͳɹõ
ÿҪҲչ˺ǣɣĹɲɣҪҪ֣ҪˣЩϲԼӣˤҪޣÿҪϴĶһѣʱеʱǻҪߡ
ЩҲǳѪʱ򻭵ͼֽðĵʱģǲǮ⣬ľͷĻľľͷɰߡ
ڴĥ̫УȻǻľͷĵ档
¶ԺԺﻹǧΰ塣
ѾǺܲĶͯʩˣԱںϢԺҲȥ档
ȸȥҹµԼʳ
쵽ʳеĸɱܺ񣬿ܸɣ֮ıѩ׵ģɣһζȱζ㻹ôһЩȥˣűԷǳζ
첼쵽װ鲼ǲԼģϱԺֱӻ˼ҡ
ҺС濴Ҳôǲ©磬©꣬Ҫ𣬶ǰĲ˵סҲġ
㣡˷š
㿭˿򿪷ţ˿ĸӱȲȻҪһЩӲӹ鲼ɣպˮˡ
ǰѸɱ˺飬ݽˮٰҲݽȥһЩ˾Ͷˡ
һȹ⣬ܵĶӶˡ
˿ҲѧŮˣŸĹ£¶첲
տʼʱϰߣϾ·˶ٰ¶Ұ˵о
ʱˣǵŤɢ
ҶҲͲҰˡ
ȸɻʱֻһ̿㣬ɻʱŻһ£ʱһЩǸʱӣһܿʵظ
ʱȥ¶Ժȿ˿°࣬˿һ˿ЩһֱԼŮͬòĿҲȷ˯ܵܡ
Ⱥܿˣǲǽ飬Ϊֻǲӡ
ΣȾòҲܺãҪ˰ġ
극Ӳɾ֮ȥ˯
̫ˣڴϾ˯ţֻǽϿ˿Ȼ˵á
ȱ۾˵ǰҪǰְҲܡ
ǵĸĸ·Ͼˣǽʱûа취ֻ·ڿӰѸĸˣԺȥҰḸĸĵطҵĿҲʮã
ᵽĸͶ˵ˡ
˺һ˿˵˵ĸĺӡ
Ҳһɻ˵ĸ֪һλŮ񣬵Щ˸ԴȥĸԺ󣬾ˮһֱû½ǵʳܹӣĶҲûжˡ
ڲ˵ĸȻ¡
Ͼǰʥ飬ʥ鲢ûӣҲûһ˶
Щͨͽԣֲһٷ
ȣǴһĸĺӣ
ûмˣ˵˵һ˫ǳƯ۾һͷɫĳֿҪǡ˷ǳᣬ´˻ᣬѾеصˡ
Ȼû˾ô˶Ρ
ȶԿ˿˵һúûȥ
Ƕһ㣬꿪ʼҪӵˣѾˣһЩɱȻøɱȥͭңЩ֧ͭķ⣬ʣĻ¼أԼ֡
ֵغܰȫյӺ٣ֵĻ궼ý˰
Ҫ˰Ͳֵˡ
ϾǼѾǱ˰ѹġ
ֵصʱǻǸԸֵأزŰġ
Ȼһֱû꣬ӻȥĵʱҲҶõĵط򾮣ʮھֻڳˮҲʤޣڵˮھģˮͽصˮǴˮˮ
㸻ԣǵ˼ҲͻˡǶʱһ붼˱ڣ˳ĳȥĻ·ˣĻҲֳɵģӲǾԺֻҪҵ·ӣһʧܡ
ڳǰǻһġ
ҲǺܿģҪǣǵԼֵزƽ񣬸ɻū֯²ˣɨʮСޣҪǲ֤Լļֵܻ֮ûˡ
Ӳȥû뵽ôͻˣϾ֮ǰĴôΪǻһ겻
һģͷľǰŵ£ŵվ̨£صĵͷЩǿ򶨵˵ˣȻϣܰߣҲܰȥ
ҲҪĶ
̿ϣͷʲô뷨˵ɡ
ŵ˽Ѿˣϣ˶࣬ҲѧǣγȥͲֿˣҲһ̶ӣϣܴӴˡ
ǲɵ֪Ⱥޱȵ˿֣ÿγʲôҪ£ҪȥһЩˣԭҪϸ֪Ⱥһܴ
˶İѰΣЩϣǵȻҲҡ
ŵ£֮ǰΪǷֿжԲŻᡭ
̣ˣǿԼȥ룬ԸһȥУ˽̸ó͡
ŵһĿų̣ĸж
̣
˵ʲô˸жĻ
ǰŵ£վڰŵҲ඼顣
̾ѵԼǵԻ·һ
ŵҲ˵һòٶ̶һӲǣԵһ ǳȥǣֻǴҲ˵ǰӲȥٸǳ͡
ǵ˼ͨȲǮ
ԡ̴Ӧĺˬ죬׼ʲôʱߣ
ǴϲԽԽã
ߡ
ߺ󣬳̲ʹܼңҸո˵ľ仰Ǹжˣ
̱ﵽڲʣѾˡ
ܼҸһ죺ħȥǣô۸˽ȥħϵܰѳѹ͡
ҲǸ̸ǲҰѳѹ̫ͣǸħ̸ȴкܴȥ̸͡
ܰѱǮѹø͵Ȼá
̷᲻᲻̫ãҪħô죿
̵Ϊħ嵣ģΪǵģһħ巢Լѹե̫ңʱ߻ʵԶħҪôԶˮҲⲻ˽ʡ
ܼһ˵˲õġ
üͷ΢壺Ҫ淢ìܡ
ôˣһʱûãҲ֮ûãҲԳ̵ģӶǮͶʳҲҪɫҪǱħŪˣҲ۵ġ
ڳ٣ÿһ˶Գ˵ǱĲƸ
ܼҵ˵̵°ڣȥ治ڵķɻңֻҪ߿˹أγȥħ岻֣ܶҪͻˡ
̣Ҫ˰ħǿӵ̫أ
ܼҺ˵ǲԿôܳɳֲǵĸףѵҪµһӵĺ𣿡
ˣϿûһĺӣͶôˡ
̣
е
ԿǸΪڣԹͲͬһʵɵĹֵ⡣
ûԼȥڣ±˵ôٶ࣬ҲǲסҪԼȥͷѪ֪
ħҲȷʵһֱûȫᡣ
һΡҲѸһÿΣ
ҹͰ˹˵ˣôҪ㲻ͬˣÿϳȥ̸͡
˹أãԼȥ
̣ͲǱ۸
˹زÿɷ񣺡ѵ¶Ҫ˽𣿡
̵ͷҲǣξԼȥɣҪǳ˿ɲܲ֡
˹أᡣ
̣ħʱҲͦʵġ
ʵһȫƵĻʲôҪϸ˵һ֦ĩڶУǲܰá
᱾ĩţǼ⡣
һϴˮȥϴɡ
˹ֵĿų̡ϲϴ裬Ҳû˯ʱ䣬ϴʲô裿
Ȼʮּ֣ȥȻϴ
⻰˵ĺû˹ػһû취ıȥˡ
ȿ˹ߺ󣬳̲һ˿ϣһȺˣеӣȫɫĻ꣬еıűӺ̺ӡ
ɫûȾۺɫǼˣԼҲȲþôһ°ɣԺ˼ٲһҲС
ֽĻ̺ӣѻڴϣճ̵ָʾѻƴһ״
̻°ڷ̨
ðȽš
ڳ̵У˹ؽ͡ȻÿǶôԵġ
Ȼſ˹ػط䡣
Ȼ󡪡
ܰѿ˹سԸĨ
лҪ˵˹أ𣿡
 ˣãԲˣãˡ


94 
һж׼Ժ󣬳ڲ, Щ, Щ޴룬ԼǵӾ׼ŮëͷС, ֻһçײܻëͷС, Ͼû׼һöʯָ
ڵȴĹһֱÿڿʣ֪һˮ˸ɾ
֪˶, ˿˹صĽŲ, ˹صĽŲ˲ֻͬ, ̶ķֱĸǿ˹ء
˹صͷ΢ʪϻˮֻһɵĳ㡣
̿ſ˹أÿ˹ؼʲôʲôҲ˵Ҫ飬ܰԸдȫ
˹صĸؼεչʾڳǰչʾںϡ
δɵˮ˳ſ˹ص, Ƥʧ, ûˮۡ
ʶĺỬ֪Լٿȥˣתͷ, ƽؿ˵Էˣ찲ļš
˵ʲôʳǿ˹ϲģǱȻǼţҿ˹ظϲѪ˿š
ȻƷˣͲӲֹ˹ò͡
ţϰ̨ʻԼΪ˸⣬˼Χ
˹ףػ΢Цʲô𣿡
ϵĻ
ƽʱ̿ûڲʻ
æε˵⻨Ūģ˵еʻҲãȻǱһɫҲûУ
Ǳʷƾãƾõ˼ǣǱˣҲ˺ܶˣʱǸլܿԽȫʮֲլ̵ۡ㣬˵ܱһ۹⾰㡣
ûĸɵԸס
ҲʯͷĳǱȽϵͰԭߵľׯطûвӣ͸⣬Ҳʱ򣬳ǱﶼһЩ
˹رɺŪȥˣʱѾơ
ȥģԺԭĹζζŨɫ͸ֻ΢ơ
ϾǶõģִѾûñȣȴܵʱѾơ
õ˵ͻȻѾˡ
˹̧ͷ˳һۣȻ΢ЦžƱ
̻ûȾƣѾˣҲƱ˸һ
ԼԷʱ˶پƣҲûԶٶΪͺ˷ܣٺ˵ƣ²Ҳˡ
ٷȻҲûкúóꡣ
˹ؿλϣͷţҲ˸ľż
µ棬ߵ̵ߡ
̴ԼǷվԼߣ̧ͷſ˹ء
ӿ˹صĽǶ̷ܿ۽ǣ΢գѾƻʱ׼ű˲ժ
ͷһС˫ۣ㱧ҡ
˹صһͿ̵壬һȥ
˹Ҫѳ̱̺Ȼƿ˹صļ򣬵˵ģ
ôܹأ
ڳ̵ָ£˹ؾ񱧺һѳ̱§ſ˹صĲӣȻΣûʧȥǣ̱۾úܰġ
ȿ˹رߵǰ̲ŷӦ԰Ӧÿ˹ر۾Ȼѿ˹䣬Էһϲ
ֹ̻˹ؿţžѾ˹شˡ
ѩ׵ĴѾ£˿崲ڵķ羰
˹˴ʣӳɧķɫļף滹˻̳꣬һֵ״
̣㿴Ⱞĺÿ
ЩʻȫƫĻ꣬ɫǳɫһͦвθУôס
ʮ⡣
˹صܵͣʣҪʲô
̷ǳһڿ˹صգ࣡һر
ȻҸһ񣬵һ»ҹӦǿԵġ̵ܺ죬˷ֲΪ˾ƻΪߣϵ˵֪һȱ㣬Ժһ϶ҲìܣˣֱӸ˵ԭ򣬲Ҫս
Щ˺ܾãһ˵ˡ
߶߶˵һѣԽ˵Խû񣬿ڿ˹صļϣԺİһ˵ꡣ
Ժõġ
˹ؾô󱦱ŶԷѻ˵󣬲ŰѶԷŵ˴ϡ
̴ԼҲʶ˿˹ҪʲôҲΪ׼Ҫϵģ֮䷢ϵ֪ʶ㣬̾ӦǲģһΣһΣҶܹƽ
ֻǳ̻ûü˹ϸڣͱ˹ضס졣
ȥץ˹صļ۾һУҹûָܻǡ
ڿ޺ļ϶ۣǿ˹ؼı飬׺ݵ񣬺۸ϵļ⣬Ȼÿ˹ıҲԸС
۵ʱ䲻ܳΪܿľˣֻдŤ
̵Ŀܿ˵Լһܸ٣ʲôȫ˵顣
̲֪Լʲôʱ˯ȥġ
ٴѾǵڶˡ
ᣬۣƨҲۣȫ¾ûĸطģָơ
Ҳ֪˹ǴĶѧģȻ֬
ɳȴԼ壬ͦˬġ
ڳ׼𴲵ʱ򣬷Ŵˣ˹ضһҺõˮ
˲ͨ졪£뵽˹صƣ޳ָп˹߷ĴϢһελϵȺ
Ѿˣ
𣿡˹ذˮһߵϡ
̲ȥ˹أȻǲǵһ׽ˣȴǵһ󣬾ͺ˸£ǰ̸Ĺϵʵı仯һǧҲΪ
̵ͷе㡭
ܿʣ̫ˣҲǳһڶӶֱɤɳơ
˹ذӽˮ̲
ͷ۵ʱ򿴼˿˹شǵķȡ
˹صһܺá
һ˲Ҳ岻ˡ
ǿ˵Ҹеġ
ȻԼͿˣյĺҸ
Ǹ̺ܲ˼˵ϡȫʲôң´θ˰ɣ
˹ظ̲Ķһ١
˹Цʣ𣿡
̣ʼǲ̫ͺöѾоˣ϶ġ
˹ÿӣĸȥǳ̵촽ڽǵļ϶˵´˵ɡ
κıŪ˹ȥҲû´ʲôʱ˵ʲô˼
ӽ쿪ʼз֮ˡ
̾ԼӦñøһЩϾһ֮ԺҺڵصļˡ
죬̶ڷϢ˹Ϊġź򡱳̡
̻һСһҲңַſڡ
ڳ̻ǺģûзԼ䡱ȥ
֮ǰٴ˳̣һǽС΢һпܷģôܷΣ˳һӦԵķ·ϵΣղֵһᣬ˶࣬ǿҴǵ⣬ǿԶܿ򲻹һЩҲܰʧ͡
⻹ڽ˳ԺôܰڵĲȥģȥͶġ
ڱ˵ĵϣһȺˣ̫ܺ͵ص⡣
û취
ӵҺڣѵôٵ˽취
򵥡˵иܽµѡ
ԸԸһȥҪ˼
ĿƵĿų̣Ǻü⣬ǰƺһ⡣
̣³ǰʥԺʥʹ˵ȥͻðĶࡣ
ʥʹͷǲСģȻʥʹһְλʵָʥԺʹߣһܴʥԺ߶ˣȻǵõʥԺεģܳΪһׯ԰ҲΪʥԺԺƫ
ûԺƫǲ뿪ʥԺġ
ҺʥԺ΢ƽ⣬֧ҵĹ岻ŸʥԺŸɡ
֧ʥԺĹ͸˵ˡ
ֻҪа³ڣͲĿŵѹեЩˣڰôͿû࿹⡣
ӶûУҲܳΪˡ
ŵ¸³̫Ϥ֪˭Ͼа³ʵ̫ˣа³ģÿνˣðѶԷϼҴϣ硰İ³̹İ³
İ³˭
Ҳǵɻ󣬴˸ǷԺ˵³ڹ¶Ժ̺֣ǿȥ¶Ժ
Ҫû£Ǿ°ɡ
ŵæϻ̳ϿֵĳȻͷ˳ȥ
ߺߵڹܼҵĽ̵±ԽԽأȴص̫ͷߵûӰԺ˵ˣЩֻġ
ĳ̱Щۻˡ
⼸һֱڷϢ
ɲóϢΪ˹أΪ̵ͣϷ¶סϡ
Ϊĸʮǧ
Ϊȿ˹ظ߹ô̾һǸҲ˴
ҳҲû˹ڷƹҲû̼첻š
ɼ̵۸ǵûʲôϵһó̲ģó۳
ಱӣִԼȨ׼ȷʵĲôȨ̾˿Ҳûа취¡
ۻˣˣ͸Լ취˶ǣһû˻һֻһ
̣
էһͦеġ
˵˵ˣ⼸ûʲô°ɣɳϣȥ֮Ĳ
ȥһ뿪֮󣬿ϲ˵ûʲô£˶
ģû뵽Щ˻ôΪһؾͻ
ϰ˼⡣
⵹ڳ̵Ԥ֮УеʱһλʦϲڿϷɢ˼άһͽ˴Ϊ
ڲһʣмĶﶼеıܣһʱͷΪϢ㣬жʱǾͻ۲˵Ϊģ´󲿷˵ľٶ
ǵһİʱ򣬲ȫУϢȱʧʹģİԭס
һԱıܡ
ڣ㴫а̵ģһ㶼Ǵطչߣ֯ڻظƭˣһ뿪磬زĵطΪӦΪ˰ȫУͻΨһˡ
Գ̲˻£׶Ľ׶ΣҪץʱҹӦ뼯塣
µĿ΢΢
뻷ˣҲ͸ˡ
Ѿ˱ȽϹ淶ĹأǲشС㡪شСһץסҪġ
ˮҲҪɴɹɳԼľ̿˺տˮ
һдܶŹΪǽֹģìܾȥҹµģҪǴ˶Ҫܷ
Դ͵ˣ̵ǺܿݣϾڲɻûԣԸ͵͵ɣֻҪ͵ҲԼ¡
Ҳû͵ˣɵöö࣬Ҷî˾δĺӡ
ϣˣԽԽˡ
ȫǵǼǣٶˣ½½ģʱҲһʮʮĶжһ˹ģٶѾǸСˡ
ҿͷӦҲ١
̣õġ
ʳǹģٿһǵû⡣
ˮҲûʲô⣬ھ㹻֤ˮˣˮˮˮҲûκ⡣
ܵ˵ǣʲôȱȱˡ
ֻҪ鷸ƣشˣ̶˸ϳȥ
пǧ˿ڣܰѸ¸ʵܶ࣬Ͼƽԭûеơ
ɽʱǲܵģһе˿ںܴ޶ȡĵλӡ
ûеɵɳϣ˴Ƭ̵ųԻԼһǼǿ
Ѿöˣ˹رֱֵһᡣ
Ͼ̻ǵÿ˹رԼ
ɼ˸˲ܱȡ
һߵİ³ܿգ֪ԼòøһߣȻʥʹҲȷʵ뿪ʥԺܾˣϻ֤ݵ飬㷲ΪʱڣһЩǵһʥʹӡ
ȷʵȥ߶ÿȺСܲͷһͷ˼ȦͷҲ˺ܶࡣ
̺Ӷöࡣ
Ͼ壬̺ӿǾ
ֻҪԸһȥͻŵǰѰ³Χס񰲵³ڱһƽˡ
³Ҳȥֻʱж೤ҲҾһȥˣҲʲô
ŵǼ˵Ҫ˵Ļǹģ˾ԣһԣ
³
ŵ¼˵γȥԻܶණҪʲôǶܾ
ǰȻܳԱӣҲûпܵĶ
ֻҪһȥԺҲԺúܡ
³ҲǺϲܵˡ
ʥϵһ仰ܻĥ˵ǣֻпѻŻǡ
߲ܵõȡ
ãĿŰ³
ŵֻ˵һ룬
ȻĶ˵㣬ֻҪһδ֮ͨͷˡ
³˵ĽĿУ̧ͷ¶һƵЦݡ
;棬Ҳһֿѡ
Ǿһȥɡ
лҪ˵ʣְԱˣʲô룿
³ûи룬Ҫ
³ټһ䣬ٿһܺҾܶһ졣


95 
ǳˣǴһһĻ, °, 򿪳, 洵ķ綼ȷ磬һ, ˮҲܴӶͷ°͡
ŵ¿Ÿɱˮҹһˮ, ⿴ȥ
ĿɼȫǿݻƵĲҶ, ȱˮѣ⸽û, Ұ޵ӰӶ
³ڰŵߣҲȵͷ͡
ǳʱûдΨһľǱľƬӣһȷȷ磬粻ȡ
ŵ±Թһ
³ڳͰ·ˣֻһ̿㣬Դ˵ҲûʲôҪòܵ
ŵ£̫, ܲ죬ôҲҪ졣
³ı۾֪Ͳˣ
ϧûкҩ
Ǳĳ̵һ㶼, ֻı࣬ҳǱԭͱ, Ѵһأ̴һ㵥£¶ǡá
ҺǴӶͿʼˮأСغźػضһҪüˮǿ϶ջġ
ֵ࣬Ͼⶫֽܷ֯ҪǳھСƸã黹ơ
һǱȻ±Ȳ£ǱȲǣûʲôѡĵ£ֱ˸
˳̵ķչ·ȳǶĴ̫߸ɻ»ûɺãûˡ
䵽˼£ɻԲͻᶳˡ
ʱֶ̣ܸɵޡ
ԭĴȰѵ·һ飬ǳ·ֻĵһʯ·Һܶʯ嶼Ѿȱǿ𣬶ĵ··Ϻܾûάû˺ʵ·һĳɳƥܶ
ֻǳ̵ĴͼƻþòʵУֻеعܳŸɻˣ·ܵõɡ
ׯ԰ǱΪļҲһֱû㱨
Ҳˣʱ䶼ڴţܸɵҲޣ黹ûãûջ񣬴ҲѾĳ֯ɲˣ޻͸˵ùˡ
ڵĻԽԽ٣ĻֲܸɣҲԽԽࡣ
ǰ취̿ڿ˹صĻǿ˹ؽ͵ظ̵ֻڿ˹صĸ첲ϣ̣Ҫҵ
ǳֲ⹤ǲǸǱ
˹§ų̵Ĳɵţó̵ϸˣɼǳԵ̫٣̫ࡣ
ʮǣ˰ûȻˣץסֻҵ֡
֡ʮ˵¡
˹طץס̵֣ڳ̵ĲһǣҲ˳°˽ȥͳɳƣڳ̶˵롣
̻ûüܽӣͱ˹ص˫ס죬ȻӾͳ˽
ٴѾǵڶ糿ˡ
ڿ˹֪ƣֻΣ̲ϴһڴ졣
˹ʱãű裬շѳ§֮ǰ˶ͱѵĳ̺ƿ
һҹ֮󣬺Ȼէ֣һȥҹܼҡ
ͽ˹ڴϣų̷ıӰ
ѾԽԽϰߵһˡ
ܼҵֻһ˱裬ʹˣ˿Ƚȵ¶ȣȴܺʣ·ܼܰԼʮ棬ȻֻסƷÿһԼ
ǰѺӹεĺܸɾͷҲҪûܶʱ
ۺʱεأֵġ
ܼϣֻӵ֮һʵˣƨۡ
øҵʲôȽϺã
̣Ҿ÷ϵ٣ȻڿǾһ˶ܸɵĻŵǰƷˣǾͿԼһֲƷ
ֵǮĵȻˣ֮ǰ̲û̫ȥռҰǣΪȻϼۣû;ٶҲ޷תΪʣԭֻΪϵ˶졣
һȶתΪǮʣôǾ˿ɹ۵档
дܳ䵱ʱ򹤳ṩһЩ٩٩̸ڲժĻԽȵˡ
һ˺СȣأժҰľ峵ϣ¿ţͻ
һЩ˺ŮҲԸ
ե֭ģ߰ѻûȫӲǰѹиԲӲǡ
⣬ܰѺĸ淶ÿ趼ɲ֣ͬЧʡ
Ҫֶ٣޶ȵı֤ÿ˶¿ɸɡ
ܴȶҵˣͻᶯĸꡣ
̵ܼ֮ЩãȻ
Ĵ󲿷˶ͬĻ
ܲ˼顣
̣ǲṩҲûũҪ֣ǱҪĹÿ˶¿ɸɡ
ҲҪ⣬ǲʲôԸ㡣
ҲҪǮҪʱǻȥġ
ѵͷôѣԴߺ˵ľҲᱻӰ졣
˵ԼĴԺ۾ĿŹܼҡ
ܼ˵ʲô
³˵ǴģʱҲ˵˵ǶԵġ
ܼҴͰЦ˵ȻѾˣǾȥɡ
²˵ȥдƻ
ҪðģߣѸ¹ܵƸ簾ʱǽĹǻˮֵԽԽճҲԽԽӲȫôһǵ˹Ƶڶ;ٲֱˡ
ҪǽŲʽĶԴܲףҪܹͳ˿ϷҪõúľ̿޷ȵһǧٶȣˮġ
ȼ⣬ҪҲ˵Ҫܶȼ¯
ֻаˮܵģУƳ
ĥЧʵ⣬ܱ֤ܸ˿Ϸ졣
ܱ֤ƴӡ
ȼ¯ȼ¯Ĳƺõשճҳɵˮ࣬Ҳúֻľ̿ԿйŴˮҲкܴһõľ̿ԳɹʻȽϵͣ
ģߵǺܺͳһĳӵߣܾȷף֭֮ǰҪģߣģõϸɳˮܹ֮Σģܹ͸¡
ѶСģߡ
֭ڵ¶ȸߵ޷ܡ
Գ̱Ҫ֤ÿһ˵İȫ涨˹ʱ䣬ÿ˽ĴԼÿνҪЩ׼Լһоĵ㲻ͱ˳ȥ
Ǹճʱ߽бķ䡣
̰ģߵͼֽãȻдҪõĶԼעÿϰͼֽ˰ǡ
õͼֽԺ󣬾Ͷ빤󣬲ȱ̻ûȥɣǱĵؽвٴЩѾ㹻ˡ
ǳƳҲʼ齨ˣڰûŪֺ֮ǰһйȫǵ˫ֺͱ
ҲȷʵԤϵʧȥ˹Ժȫû̻̲ǲҳԱӣ˭Ҳ֪ԼʲôʱܼʳǲԼͬʡԼá
֮ͬĽˣǾڽǣȻʱûдܶŹȷʵø˺ܶࡣ
ҲʧҵеһԱȳڿĵʱε˼֮ͱ˿סȥˣڼȫ֮ǰĴĸɱͿ˿ڹ¶Ժõĳ͹
˿ĳһ˴´࣬˾ͲôԣˣԴһı٣֪ȥĶһɣȥҹµģµ˵Ҫ˵İš
˿οȣôȣҪȥֵأܲ˵ģˣȥˣֻʱѣÿϢһ¡
ȴܻţ죬˾Ҫˣڷߵĺ֯Ҳûˡ
ȻŵͷӬ
˿οйģ
Ȼ˲ԣԲڶ
ҧ촽ķô죿
¿˿Ҳû취οˡ
ֻǳԱǳԱܴ½Ǯ
һû£˿㲻ùңȥ°ɡ
˿ûˣ
ȳһӲЦû£ȥɡ
˿Լ鲼뿪֮ǰӹóһɱһŵϡ
ʲôҲûԣҷϵĸɱˡ˿˵ԺͼҴҵسš
ֻʣ²ȣȿϵĸɱ߹ȥѸɱŻ˹
޾ɵϣԼ˸ˡ
ָоѾûйˣĵʱ򲻹ۣﶼġ
ڣĿյģ˾ƯڰУȲء
ҲûѣھҲ㲻죬ʱĶûУûйʱֻ﷢
ڲ׼ɻش˯ʱȻ˹µ
ûɵĶ»ˣµһߺһôͭܡ
µĲЬûܣһţ˶࣬˶վ̫£һĿŹ¡
µҲǆ£վһԼҪˡ

ȸϹµĲǺܿһǵһλķӣľˣⷿѾں˱裬һܸоȻͬˬ
µĺ˿ˮԺ˵һǣһơ
ǵĳ͸һЩµ־ÿˣٴκһˮ
ʲô͵ǱȥǼǡµ˵Ǹ۸ȣҪɵĶ࣬ÿɱһ飬ԼԺȥǼǡ
˵껰֮󣬹µæߵԱߡ
ֻЩûйԭؿԼҪʲô
붼û͹ȥǼǡ
Ҫǡȼ˵
Ǽǵǰף֮ǰǵʦΪʶֵˣӲҲʥԺô꣬ĺôʶ֣ä
²ڳ̵أһطʶֵ˶ҵ
׿ŲȣԼǾòȿȻǿ׳ҲƲѯ˲ȵͼԺ󣬾ֽϵǼ˲ȵ֡
Ϊڶ˶ֻգûмһԷֱ棬ֻܿ֡
ȿŰֽдĶЩɵһ䣺Ϳ𣿡
׳ЦЦˣ͵
ǧлˡ
Ѿвѡ˹󲿷˶ǡ
ɱһɱȣûĶ֪ĸ׬
ԭͲ̫õ⣬˶ûпơ
ֻҲҪôˣһ֪岻ôģȽ˻Ǳȥơ
ڲժĻֻ࣬Ů˺
׳ǲȥժġ
˶ǼǽһҲͽˡ
ͷһдô֣Ҫһ飬ͬĸһ
ƽʱͰ³סһ𣬰³뿪Ժ󣬰׾һסʼ׻Щϰߣһסʮ֮;õȰ³Ժǻŷֿסɡ
ôߣµĿʰдֵֽ˵ҪҪȥҼҺһǻд͸ҵѾơ
һʰһ˵ҾͲˡ
µʮ飺ÿ׼Եġ
ӣ÷һ𳤴󣬺˳µĽӣӶѾʼˣѡǡ
ֻǲûкͺסһ
Ͼ͵ĺӣԸԼһס
װֽȫս鲼Źµһ뿪ΪǳķӣϱȰ죬һҹ£µĿף˽ȴǸϺˡ
Ϊ롣µЩпܳΪ£Ϊõĳһκϲǳڵ⣬Щϵˡ
ֻһճܲǺúܡ
صƽǲ̫࣬ʥԺһ᲻˰ա
ǲ˳ԲӣҲĻˡ
׵ͷתͷ۳ǱҲпλ˸ԭҲһ
Ϊ³³һģڵ֮ǰ֪ׯ԰ʲô֪ͳׯ԰ʲôˡ
Ժ󣬰³Ŷ˵Ǹʴȵˡ
׵ʱûи˵Ϊ³ʴȣǸˣϾʴȵˣûз֮ģױƭ˺
ֻĲ²ܿͱˡ
˲ˣƺΪÿ룬ΪѰϣȴʩᡣ
Ц˵˺ܴ
µķǳͬǰһλˣʹЩ£ŲںûйūһԼٷֻںûƯĲϣûкÿŮū
µĺʣ˵ǰҲʥԺʥԺʲôģ
ף˶࣬ƽҲ죬ÿԺ󵻸棬ȻԷȻ棬ϵʱͽڣ˵һ𵻸棬ʥ
Ȼͳط˯һͽˡ

˵ʱԼò˼飬Ȼô꣬ҵʱȤѹ
µԺ˵˵ǻۣʥԺõġ
µ̾ôһΪĸĺӡ
Ҳ˵š
Ƕ˹ҲԷ½̻̽ʣĶӡ
⻰ֻƭƭͨˣƭ
ֻǰ״ⷽ淢
λˣǶ˹ҰģôʲôǱ˿ֹģǸͨˣԲ׼ȥȨ߿⡣
˳ŹµĻ˵ǰĸĺӣȻҲǡ
ǹµĻ


96 
ƳӲǵҰڲݴУһŲСӵָͷС, ΪѾ, ԲժʱһҪᣬȻҰͻᱻ, ƤܱԼֻһŴֽĺ, ܸģȫϸĵˡ
²ժҰĻǳ, ÿĶ, ɵҰжĽֻһε, ԺҲܸˣ᲻ãժһЩǻʵʵĶҵ⡣
ŵҲڲժĶУҲʮˣʱǳˣƽʱĻҰҰǶ, Ҫչˣᷴչ
ŵһݹӺ, ҵҲҰ
Ǵ֪ŵҪժԼԲԡ
ŵժһӵҰ, ժôܵһɱֻҪ͵һժŵΪҰæһժԺ󣬶һͶɱһŵɱ
ǳҪһ
ЩɱŵһǳԲģûиĸˣסڳǱûжĻǸŮÿ춼óһɱָЩﲻãˡ
ӹ쵽ɱ֮ŵͱԼСԼҰǻص˳
ûسǱȥסڳǱϵһ˼ҡ
⻧˼ѹҵһΪǲȫ׳꣬һϸĸһСޣɷΪ˱ĸӱһ첲˳󲡣ڴ϶ãС޻ӣ꣬ȥ׶԰
׶԰Ȼ̺֣ȴúǰѳԵûؼң׶԰ֻһͣԳĺ˵ӻǵÿ
ͿһϸĸղɼҰ
Ҫڼչɷ
ֻǱȽˣϣֽһҲɱѡ
Ѿǹˣһķ⣬ӻͽ׶԰
ҪǿѹµҲȥɲժҰôĻ
ŵ˵ķš
ƼݵŮ˺ܿͿȥ
ҾͲȥˡŵȻСȥѾǸˣһųģŵԼİһɱͳݸŮˣǽģһ㣬ܺõÿ졣
Ů㲵ϳһɬЦ
ҲһӵİǶһɱɷͺӾܶһڷԣܶһֻȥϣŵݹı˵ܾĻֻǵͷ֣ǿ
ŵǸСŮ˵ˣĶˣʱٰѱҰɣˡ
Ůɤɬ˵㡣
ŵ꣺ˣҵһȥģȥɡ
ŵ˵껰󣬾СţһȺҰųǱķȥˡ
˲ͼرֻϲˣСʱ򣬳ǱҲ˽İһ
Ůǰվţŵ뿪Ӱ֪Է˵һ仰ڰοһӺϡ
ŮĨᣬǿɱ˼ҡ
ֻҪɷܺܳȥһˣɷĸĸһҰһ˵Ļãʱ϶ܰЩСŵꡣ
ŵصǱʱǳû¹ǳõǻǽ϶ţҹµĻᶢſȼȫǷǽĹ߶ûУֻܿľͣĽ衣
ֱǽ𽥱ӲţȻ̳΢ȴһ£Ҫƽģ߰ѹȻһſȡŽٰѱ߽¼ȣٰѹ
ǳĹۣҲȣȻԱ߷˱裬Ч΢
ֻû˺ۣҲû˽п࣬Թ˲Ϊ࣬ûԹġͷ˹͸̵ļҾ죬ûûԹࡣ
лɣֻҪɻиɱãзԣӲ֮ܳΪ࣬̾һҸˡ
û˲ϧӡ
Щˡ
֮ǰҲӣΧĶ˶٣ͷž͵ȥҲû
ѵ·ϣܳԵĶǲݸƤǵɫ˵ӣֻ֧ȥһڡ
ҲصķøˣµҲ˵ڳ˶ˣǶһ˼ĸɻǮڳʵڸɲ˻⣬ûһˡ
ЧˣӲǡ
ڳΨһĵĵľܴܲͨ·
ȻЩǺͻûɵľƣͻ
ڳĵ£Ҫȥʱڻˣ͵һεĻͷͬǾͲˣĻģȥ˶ʮ೵Ļʱȴʮ೵
һһū
ǽǵĵһ£ų˳ǱϾЩﶼڳ̵ģһ̸ֻɻһݳͶѡ
ˣ⣬ǻ˺ܶຣŵȻһǱһ˫۾Ҫ⣬кɣк͸ɱס
ŵϲ˺ǻ˸ɻȫɹɵĢܳԵģݿǵúܴ󡣡
һǡ
ֻҲ֪ģԷ˵Ǵӿڳģֻǻ֪÷ӦǸöǾȻǲ֪ôһ֪ҶԷĺܱˣǾܻһǱãûҲô뷨һ֪ʲô˻
һʼҲûϳǡ
ֱŵǹζٽǻɫԽᾧǡ
ǸҪջǺʯټľ̿ĻҩֻҪȷɱҲǲСġ
ǵˣ´ٹȥϵ𣿡ʵĺࡣ
ŵҲشĺࣺˣסǸЩӵĵڳģΪ̫ˣǱʯйɳζһֱȥȫأҿҲȥ
̣
⻰еģܳԲܺȵĶֲӲϲñʯĹ壬ֻܶѻųԻңǸص˲ٱǮȥ
̣Ϣ죬ٹȥһˣЩپٻ
ŵµɴ۾ˣⶫ𣿡
Ц˵Ա˵ûã˵ãǻ̸ѼǮѹЩȥ
ŵºٺٵЦмթ˵ģ
ŪҩΪ˴̣ϾһʱҲҪ˻ҩܸĸǨˣǵƶźܰۡ
ƶߵ޽Ļ⣬ûĲûǽѾˣ鷳¹滮Ҳһ⡣
˻ҩǲͼ򵥵öࡣ
һӵһ֧ʱҵľӡ
ֻжʮˣҲǿ˵Ĳ
ֻΪԱҲаȫС
ڻĺ̲ǺϲЩԺʹСĲϾûֹʣڳ̱ҲôԣᣬҲ㲻ϲ
֪ɵζƷ⻹̻ģϵļζӼԳԼѼ󣬼˺ϸ˿ȻϿ俾ûһˮ֣С
ȻѺɺ͸ɱȫɣٰ㹽ɣȻЩŽƱڻɷۣһβϸʹΣȻĩǼͥƼˡ
˵ʱһףʮ
̴ԲƵĺʲô
ֻǱĸѡ
Ҫ˵׾Ϊʲô治
ڣ̾ûӢ
ܽǺõģæðȹŰȥ
Ŀ䲻¶ȣȫʦľͼڰʮֿףĸɻȫûˮ֣˿Ϊ˱⿾ΣȫõС㹽Ҳһ
̲ԹܲǸζɺĥɷ۵㹽ĸɷۻһ𣬾û㹽ǹζ̻ܽܡ
ˡҪĥɷۣĥɷ۸ʲôȾòĥɷۣЩԺܶԣⰡĥɷˣǾͲˡ
̣ĥɷ۾ˡ
һãȻʹļס
ĥϣ
붼룡
̰οģĥɷԺ˷һ㣬ʲôܱóԡ
ȻҳԷ̿óȶۿˡ
ֻǰȻʵʵİճ̵ָ㣬ѿõĶȫĥ˷ۣΪõʯĥȽأĥķۺϸ壬ֻץЩʪ̾ðȰѷĩŽ¯ֿһֱһˮҲûˣɹ
ˮ־׻Ųá
ûˮֲúܳʱ䡣
ϣϵ˾ͺȵ˷˼Ұ
ƽʱôܻӭҰ챻ȵһɶ
ڼҵʱҲǣֻŲˣζϾκζԼһ齷ֺͣúȡ
Ҫһȥ͸ˡ
ϧѼû
ׯ԰ļȫǹֻԽԽ٣ԽԽ࣬Ҳûлµս
̲֪ÿһηżԼѪһʹ
ⰡⰡ
ⶼɷˣ
ڲʿ˹أòúȣ
˹ػûش𣬰Ͽ˾ͷǳ˵̫úˣȷ̵Ũúȣ
úͶȵɡ΢Ц˵
ϿʣʲôôζôãҴûطȹζ
̷¿ӣֵ˵ܡ
Ͽˣ
̣ЦģһֵζϣҪҪöǺܴ󷽵ġ
Ͽˣҵ뻻
ɽյĲˣܻȥȫˣǻֽһűֽͿļҲ
ڵİϿˣѾһˡ
ǿۺӣ˵ˣ⻻һЩɡ
̣˶٣ζϾġ
ˣǾܻͣٻٰɡ
۾Ժԣˣܰ켦Ѽˣ˵ܷ¸
༸Ǯ·Ǻõġ
̻صĶԿ˹˵ǲǺܴ
ԡּģǳ̻˸˵ҼԿã
˹˳ų̵Ļ˵Ǳȱ˴
ӣֵеСߣϷԺԿ˹˵˻ĻɫĴྦྷǡ
˹ؿų̣ȴ̼˵ȥ
̽˵кܶã˵ʯľ̿Ϻܱɻҩ
˹ͷһ˵ҩʣǣ緢ĳ̣ʵҩʲôã
̣õĻҩԺܰը顣
˵Ժ̫ѪˣҪ貹˹ɤɳƵʣ
̣ɱ
˹ԺƺѸٱ˷ӳ̵ıץס̵
ܸо˹صҧԼƤ
ͷоҲͦģ̼
۾˵Σͷⲻá
ʥԺһûأûʱ¶ȥʥԺڵв£˵ʱŽһµĶԸ
ȻԼСһûл
Եҩ˱ŵùģǿڷġ
ܶûȫз¾ֵ÷з˶֪
ħ԰ɡάͷƣͷƤ飬ǶĻйܣȷʵҪһˣܲһֱ
ͲָħԼųɳֱ췽ҹ̷
˹ڳ̵󺬺á
̸˽˹׾ٵİѳС
ѡħ嶼ħǿϸģħǸɵöϾϸҲû˸ǸɣڲھˮˣħͺţͷһֲĿ硣
ڵ֪ԼҪȥһʱȫãȻ֪롣
Ҫȥʲô
ô֪ң˭
ȥɱǿ𣿡
ΰɣΧӰ
ħ벻Լܸʲô
ԷƱʱˣ֪ԼԼＸܸЩʲô
ϴ·ܰ·ϴƣֻܻǮñæϴ
˽ǣһȥ˵¡
԰һܸɵĻ
ǽʾ֪֭Լɱǿ͸⻹ܸЩʲô
ڳ̻˼ˣħǵʦ
ĵλܸߣΪǳԿͣǿдԡ
ԭУǱײ㣬ؾ£ȵؾҪ⡣
ڣѾ̥ˡ
ǵõǵ𾴣Ҳõ˵ӡ
ǿԼ˫ֺӣܵõǰҲòĵλͺô
ϲסһǶʵҪܵͣÿ˹ΨһİþֹΰʻܴӱﻻʳͲǡ
ҲǴԤ룺ǻ̫ȥƢЩǲ˺ǣǲ£͵ǾҪǣнǾҪ佱ǡ
ǸǳҪĹ˵ҲΣգһԣǾҪϳ롣
̨̿µİǣҲгɾ͸С
ʱ򣬰ǶһηηӣԶͷԶأֱ
ڵİ͸ԲϺˡ
ǵýʵͦñֱüҲ˹ʡ
Ǳøˡ
˵֮ǰŬûа׷ѡ
̰еע˵Ժ󣬲Ÿ߰ǵıǿֻܰɻﲻл𡣡
ǣˣ֪
˵ĻǴϸִеģҵԷ硣
̾ãܰѻҩŪ˵Ŀ԰Լ뷨ıء
ֻҶ˵
Ͼ뷨ʵ̫Ըˡ


97 
ȵҪȥˣһӭ, ƾ۶ʱ, Ǹǰ˵ӲӵСյ˹Ȳ, δˮͣźҲһ˻
һʳȲ֮, Сʱ, ϾȻʹ, ʱ䳤ˣϻϺ, æȴⳡȥ
ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ڶ컹δͣˣһսڣǲڸоģȥˡ
ֻǳ̲ҵģʱ̫, Ʋ⣬ʱֻ, ҲȥѰڴ²ãׯ԰һ, ˳ȱ޻ޱԼ¡
ׯ԰ӱù٣ѵض࣬ǿͺԣ޽ķ㹻ʵҪûб⡣
Ҫׯ԰ǲģɳѺЩʵεĸ֡
ֳ̻ӡģԭֻһ£˺ܸɣγ档
̵ֳǲǵˣܼԺż˽а
ΰҲԱ֮Уûѡϣȫׯ԰һҶҪ̵ĲιҲǻܴż뿪ׯ԰Ը
󣬱ׯ԰ˣ̾ĻΧһС
ǣţҲ𾪣Сڴׯȥׯ԰ûĴУ⸱ӣҲձ󣬼ӻôҲܾסȺС
һǣͿϤס
˷ܵظкҲ߹ȥվڰԱߣӣһְ峵޻ֻһŰ峵һ˵ôô󣬿϶ʲôаɣ
ߵľ峵ԱߣǰԱƣʼ̫ãںöˡ
˷ܣׯ԰Ҳãȥô䶼ûˣȳҺǻˮˮأȻЩ޻϶סˣ
޻˺ö棬Һаϲ˵ţһ᳤ʱ䲻趼ûУһҶ֭֭Һʯͷ۶һڵЩĲˡ
Ϊ԰ׯ԰ҲǸͷҶð汾£ֵ𾴡
Ҳ˵ʱͦ໵ˣ·úܣ
뵽Լĳǣһ˵࣬ûиɾġ
ǰǶñصҺͷʲôģҶﶼǣǲˣ࣬ɾźá
Сʣ˻𣿡
᣺Ӧͦõģû˵Ǳġ
˿Ǿͺã
ׯ԰ԳһŲ֪ׯ԰ĵľǴ˳;ȥҪô죿
᣺סĵطźҪҪҼס
Цһ⣺ҰѶȥ˵һӦþͿԣ´
ҲЦţҼ䡣
Ľ䣬ׯ԰סķӿɺˣ粮ظŶ£ÿٳԵģȻܸɣǿֵҲջ㹻һ˺ڵʳ
ׯ԰ҶﻻˣҪüҾʲôĶø̫Ĵۡ
ڰˡ
˱ıߣܿ͵˳ǱѾվڳǱſڣָ˰Ѷжֿ֮⣬غϸģĶǳƷޱ£һЩδü޲;£˲ǹʯҲ˲١
ҪʵޣͲ̫ණҪҲ˹
һŵȫѬ⣬١
ֵôô⣿
æ˵Ѭɣֳʱץ˲㣬һȫɣҰҰѼˣһֻҰ
ϣׯ԰ͦõġ
Цͦá
Ϊׯ԰ʯ֪࣬ƱķһĶûУޱľ̿ʳ£ǻͦ
ж֮󣬿Ͼ͸ǰסΪͻȻԿֻȰǰŵԴɨûס˵ķȥ
ϴ֮ˡƵĶ԰˵
ܳæӦá
Ȼׯ԰Ƕصĸֻ֣û棬ڳǰҺŲС
Щšǰׯ԰ʱֻԶԶհˣû˵
һнˣΪ˱Щİȫһ붼ħ塣
Ȼǲ֪ħħ壬ɶ֪뿪֮ǰеע˵һ顣
Щׯ԰ħñȳĸãһˣԲ֮󣬿ȥȻôѿˣҲº࣬бۿˣԱߵҲ˵Ц
Ҳܿͬ
Щׯ԰ħ壬вٶҵ˰£мΪµħ壬ڶԼĺӣӵʱ϶¶Ц
ǰԨʱ򣬸ײչ˺ӣ֪Լûеס
ڣǸԼİһӣƷµζ
ҡ֣ӡǡ
ҼҵĹرɰħԺӶԵòôˡ
ֺǺǵظͬҫȭͷˣ
ħ壺
Ӵӣʲôֵҫ
Цúܲã裬аְ֣˵ٹ꣬϶ͻаְˡ
ħ岻׵ְʲôֵø˵ġ
ֻ˰ְֵħ״Ϊʲôôˡ
һССӤ·ߣ˵ôСôС
󣬱ýʵӻߣӵĳɳкãȥǿǾҸ
ÿԻؼңӰѺӽϵϵʱָо޷ݡ
ǸССһġ
ǲȴĹ
ŴҫʱЩѹעǲкӵġ
ܴĿ֡
ڲ׼ŰؼҵʱóȺҵ˲ᣬס֣ôˣһҪ޵ӣ
ᳶһôÿЦûʲôˣסǼң𣿡
ʲôеģ
Ȼ˼ңԹȥ׼ķϢԺʲ᣺ǲ˵ʲô㲻ˣҡ
һʼ˵ܲľ˵Ƕкˡ
˵ʱͷԸȥ۾˺ӣԶҲ˰ְ֡
һȻЦˣһΪôˣҲҪӡ
̧ͷ
Ĳ᲻ţó̾˲Ҳûкݡ˹һҲкӡ
ἱôһأ˻ᣬ˵ʲôʱͻᡭ
ϲ˵Ĺ岻٣ûм̳˵ĹȴûмֻҪӵģһкӡ
ն˵ܵġ
᣺Ϊʲôܣ
ܽ͵ֻ̫ܷȥ˵ⲻܣ
ȻŲ˴
òĻҲʲڡ
Ǳڸ̻㱨ׯ԰͹˶ٶ
۾֮һ궬첻̫ˡ
ºޱܴĽͺʣҲţÿʼľ̿ˣǳƳĹҲܸһ䣬ǰǺ;Ūȥ
Ҫľ̿޻֯޲¡
ԭڷ֯Ҫصλˡ
Ҳлɣûһˡ
ϷеΪǲڵĺӹ
ףβ˼Բѵ佱˵ǵÿ˵Ŭ
ϵͷĺƽ롪ǰû˵ʱǲŬ𣿿ûãɼֻȷ˴ǣŬá
̣˻˺úϢһʱɡ
룬˵ϢߣŻȥ
ٶ̣ҲἸͽ
ŵǵѾڼ飬׼뿪ǳȥˣһȥǣһļǮ˲ʣҲõ˳ͣһԼǮӳͼһЩǺ;ƣȥĲ۾Լˡ
ǻҪȣΪ˰ԼĻüǮȻƴҼ۸ƻߡ
ϾǲȱǮģһµĲƸ㹻ڽϹһӣڸصãǮҲûٵطǴչֵʱ
һδ˼ʮħߣ׼ٶһЩħ塣
ھЩóªˣʿҪܴ
̣ܰȫͰȫ㣬˭ҲǮûûˡ
ֲ֮ͽǮ
ҲǶ໻һЩҺһ
ͭʱֵᣬЩϡ٣ôֵҲ̫š
ͭҾͲһˣͭĥĺܿ졣
ǰһĿǽӲΪʲôԵǾ״ƣ˱ĥ⣬һԭΪʱ򣬺ܶ˻õͭұԵЩͭԺһЩĽܱһͭҡ
õԵֻͭ˾ñԵĥˡ
ͭҵĴ٣ͻͭұֵ½
ڵĽҲǱͭ˵ȶ
׼ڵˣãֵĿ͡
һڴӦֻҪҪͭңǲȱǵĲ;߶ߣǴҪӹϰһƤ
֮󣬿˹ҲٴڳǱʱڸԣߴӲˣϲȫǴͶҰ¹һλһֻԱ
̷Ƥ̺Ҳ˼š
컹ȥ𣿡ϴط䣬һ·һʣ⼸㶼档
˹أ㲻ҳȥ
ֱ׳˵ǵȻˣҰ춼㣡
˹ЦǾͲȥ
̳˹ؿȥֿ˹ɳϣﻹһӣǳ̵Ļ漸ȫǿ˹صдФ񻭡
̳еʱϲġºдҲʶİ˻ʵͣȫͬѧϲģءͬѧģǶҲ̶ãȻǱ·ȵȶø߷֣ģ˵Ҫͷ֡
˹طų̵Ļ̵Ժ̧ͷЦҵ۾ô󣿡
ֻһ̿㣬ߵ˹صı§ס˹صĲԺڿ˹صĶ˵ӹ㲻۾ÿ𣿡
˹أԻ𣿡
̷˼ҳָ˹ؿУ㿴
˹ûסЦϵĳһ˫ĹֵȣҲڳö̲࣬˵˹ػϲǳ̡
̣ЦʲôЦҲͿһ㡭
⻰Լ˵Ķûе
Ҳÿ˹ûϰô˵黰Ȼ˵ʱȴȻϵĺÿ
գգۣģ
˹ͷų̵۾ģҵһοʱ򣬾룬ôôÿСħ
̳˼룬Ȼ˵Ҳţ
ʱ϶ЦɵȻһû·мˡ
˹أ
̾ȵôģ
˹ŴЦţɵĺܿɰ
ΪݡɵҲͲˡ
ߺߵ˵ҲɵôһΣƽʱǺܴģȥʣ˭Ҵ
Ȼ˿ǴŸ߶˾
˹ذѻ£վԺס̣㲻ɵ
ǲôױסģ
Ʋ˵ǰǻûʲôʱɴ˵ɵõ˾ͲϧˣȻʲô壬Ҷһ
ȻҸһˣҴﲻá
˹ץס̵֣ʲôãɵҲãҲãûܱ֤ԼһӲɵһӲֻʲôҶϲ
̣
⡢Ҳ̫ˣ
̵Ƣûʧ١
ԼУǱ˹رţ̵ľһͿڿ˹صĻÿ˹ϵζرš
˵ζõĴ㡣
̺¹һҧ˿˹صֱϣǿ˹صļ⣬ͼˣڸҲüˡ
ԴӿԺ󣬳̾ʹӲԼԿ˹صĿ
һʮˣԭǲ֪Ƶͣ˵˵ŻͰѿ˹ȥˡ
ҧſ˹صֱۣԳҪѿ˹ȥͱ˹ؽס
˹ڳ̵Ķߵ˵ɳϡ
̳̫ðɡ
ȻڴҲºۼɳºۼƺ˼
˹˵Ҳԡ
̵ɴ۾ȥĶ
˹أȥ档
ˣ֪Ϊ߻Ϊ˿ô죿
˹ڳ̵Ķ߷ħһૣҵĳܰס˭Ҳῴ㡣
˿ĭ
Ļϯء
ͺܴ̼
˿ϡ٣·ûмء
еͨ
̣ҪҪȥ
ˮҪģһڿʣÿζҪôູ
ͨ죬򶨵˵ҪҪԵģûʱܲһ
˹أ
֪ĻΪҪȥʲô£Ҫǳ
Щɵ촽ԵľͲˣӲǰɡ
Խһǡ
̲˼ÿȥ׼
̿˹ء
˹̾˿ȥ׼
̳˹¶һõЦ
˹سȥʱ򣬳ӵ̯ѧ
һҪģһѧƷһ߿ϧûа׵ء


98 
¿ʼ½ʱõһϢͳˣǲ֪˶ٴ, ˶ľ̿ͷ, ڻˮͳһĶģûз, ͳϵ˿Ϸ졣
ΪûлͣתЩɬ, ĥҲһлء
Ϊû͵İ취Ҳֻôš
ĥ̫ؾͻ
ͳֺܿװ, ΪûŪ, ԶԴŲṩ, ŲȵĶԴҲСͳ֣ԺʱĽ蹤ࡣ
ϵǱϵĴ
Ҫ̿֯£ǳƳڰͣ״̬꿪Ż
̾üȻͳŪˣҪľ͵÷·ϡ
·ܸΪ, гֳ
ڵĵ·Ȼǲ֧ųƽеġ
ͨе·̵, κûǸҲûǸοҪֻǮ, ܾﲻƽ⡣
ּҲñ֮ǰˣҲðרŵֳֳżģΪָӣԹҲߣиһ׹ѷģÿһȽ
ֳܽ˺ܺãΣԴһЩԭİ⣬յ˶Ҫѵѧ֪ʶٹĦʦַʦǵļලʵʲ
ϸڵٶȱҲ˷һ
ֵ̾õģһ˴ѵϸҲһ£ЩȴڸλϴֵڴļֵǰڵĴöࡣ
̵ϰͳ֣ЩС͵ģԼһװһ߲⣬Ե֣һ춼ˡ
ҪŪͺˡ̷Щź̾˿Ȼûеأеֱֻ
õǾƬ״õֻҪתУڷϵķɶ½
һϷҪУ׼ʱ䡣
ʵòҲԣֻҶѡ
ֻ̲ӱ̫ϸ
Ͼ붼ûУϸ˿λˡ
ֻǳ̾üֻҪϴĥͿͻơ
ڵҪǵ÷ڲôϸĴ͹ߵϡ
̾ҲüˣֲֻܴӿظԹϽѳͶµĹС
⻹Ͷ
ڳܱߵر¿Ĳֻ࣬ռԭصʮ֮һ
⣬̻׼Ѽ򣬸˵·ƻ
°ϵȫһãҲæ
Ҫ˿ʵ̫ѣӳӣܻȥģȥģ뿪ԼڵĳС
ڳܻܻ쵽һڳԵģ뿪УȥҰܻ๷Ķӡ
ãҰޣҲܲѰӻĳзŽȥ
ȥµĳУز죬ֻҡ
ͨʱһ嶼ͬһУΣʱܻһȥһУǾκûˡ
Щɹӵصˣõµġ
ѵ·ûǿɱûҰɱûûܳɹˣһҲ˶ˡ
ľ̿Ҥһ춼ûֹͣתһҤҤľͷŽȥһҤҤľ̿óЩľ̿ȫѻڿⷿָֶľ̿˲Ҥ궬֮̿ǰӦÿԱϡ
ʱ䣬ҲԼȥţľ̿
Ҳĥ˷ۣһЩɸɱһЩս֣յҰҲƺװ̳ЩǶΨһĲɫƵַҲͦԭʼһһΣһһ̳Ӷ
ҺǴζ࣬ȻֻܰҰɹɲ˸ɣһͲܳˡ
̲Թ㹽ɹ֮Լųԡ
ˣˣ˱쵽˷ܵͨ죬ǰĶãԵǳãܰƵһߣǰĺöˣ
󻹸ˣһǻҪߵĶ
һǵ֪ǰԯŪˣԯõľͷͷͷ⣬ڣȵȣڳԲΣֵʱƿ
Ψһǣԯھ޴Ҫͷţ
ôҲԶ׼ġ
۾ð⣺ˣţͷԹˣһţͷ˾ƶ
̣
ţͷˣһϼ츳塣
ϧֹ츳ҪɣȻţͷ˲ʺϴ塣
ͷİˣһҪ೤ʱ䣿
ͷİˣ͹ˣǷֳ飬ÿһѣ
̣Ǿͼɣ쿪õˣǶˣľÿܵһǡ
˸˵ֿ죬ӶЦˡ
̻㼦ҪСκһԸأܽԼܶʱ䣬ǿȥɱ£ǲܱøãһССĸı䣬Ϳ췭ظı仯
ǵĹף˶֪ġ
Ǳ˵ͨ죬˫ð⡪ǴӲ֪ԼԭôҪ
ǰǿֵ٣˵ţͷˣؾﶼǿ
ʲôãϲŪЩֵֹĶؾôڸӣŪЩ壬ˣǲؾڵͲˣָǸʲô
ΨһĺôǱˡ
ȫţͷ˺͵ؾ͵ͷ˭ô벻רˣ

⻰öˣƺҲ϶ԼûõĴڣţͷܿģؾ塣
ҵԼļֵģʶԼĹףͷİһ۾һ䣬⧲ؿ˳ܾίСڱͱʹ
ͷһʣµİҲſ
ʵʶԼǰһˣǴûôĵĻ
˵Ͽɣʲô˼
Ҳ֪ô졣
һȺүǰޣô죿
ǳɤӣϸ˵ȥϢɣ컹ҪæʱǶҪһˡ
˴ſǻ˵ˣǲ࣡
ǣˣǲ࣡
ǿϰ˳ȥȻڳǰ޵ڡ
ȿ˻̲Žӹϵݹˮ̾Ϣڵ˿派ӡ
һ㼦ܸж
ϵûðǿ޵ÿţ˵Ϊڣǲڵӹûʱһֻаÿ궼Ҫٰˡ
ÿΰţͷ˺͵ؾʱ򣬶Щ˹
Ͼðײϴˣһǿ϶Ļǰӡ
̣ȻطӰˣܰѰ𣿡
ǿҪˣ϶ū֣ϾȥҲҪģһǮ
ţͷ˵Ŀ϶࣬ؾͰ˵һ٣ǵؾ
룺ӦǿԵģ
ǵǻԺȥʱˣҲѩǰϻ
̣
Ҳûкð취
֪ʱڲ˵˷Ժ󣬿˲΢Ц˵ˣҺͰϿһȥ
ûϵһѡգգ۾𣿰ô˵Ҳǹɣ
Цһ᣺Ϊǹ壬ȥû˸Һ
ڳԷİϿ˲һԼǺ˺ѷεؿȻһظһȥˮ׺һˮѺȥ۾Ķſˣˡ
ѸЦݣһؿŰϿˣѵһֱ𣿡
ɽգ
Ͽ˲ҿˣֻܵͷС˵һử
˸ˣѵܿǮô㻭õĻʦ˸ʥԺҹ⣬һʵѵҲһڽͷ
ϿЩίҲǻ𣿡
˷˸ʮֽεİֲۣ衣
ϿڱˣҲǺȻʶȷʵĸףãԸӦøж£ǰ⵱Ȼ
ˣοϵһ죬Ҳˣǿʲô
ϿС죺ҸǺѡ
˼ֻͬλͬ׷ͬ˼˲ܵѣľѣ
Ͽˣ
ö˵ˣ϶Ǻ衣
ֵĳЦЦЦˡ
̰ڰ֣ûʲôĸ׽ӣǺ¡
ӿȥʱ̬ȿȻɽѾǷǳˡ
ȷʵһ㣬Ͽ˵Ĺܶ£Ȱ³ʥʹݻҪãֻҪڣûأĹҲ
ϮĹ壬ȳʥԺ
ؼʱ̣ϿܳΪǵıɡ
ҲһֱΰϿ˵ļǸûʲôõļȲɰҲᰲģһյûн
Ȼô˵ȥɡ̺˿Ұ˳˿ɣһ˱ģİȫ⡣
Ͽ̧ͷų̣۾ɷ죺ôΣա
̣ˣҪֱǰҪסѹԵ˷գ˵ģʱô죿ѵǸʱӦñ𣿡
Ͽ˵ͷ
˵̫е޷
չô꣬һչٱӻˣô죿
Ϊ˱鷳ǻ߰ɡһ׼һЩ
°ϿԸȥȥԸȥҲȥˡ
Թ̻ص˷䣬ȥ򿪴·ԺǰдռǣдУ˹ؾʹӴˡ
̷±ʣ˫ֻأϾؿſ˹ء
°΢̧۾΢Уһʦģ
˵õ첻ȥأŴһֻʱ׼Сϻ
ȻΪͣȻ޹ԡ
˹׹¼ϣжҹȥ˿
Сϻ˼èʲôǿ𣿷ʲʣܲǣ
˹Цˣǿ
źƲƲ졣
˹أǸϢ
æſ˹ص۾ж໵
˹أҷȥǣһѾȾߡ
̫ˡ
̣ܰǰѾһˣôô
ȷʵһֱǶ϶ģŷ֮һ˿ڣʱĵ˿Ҳֻ˿ڵİٷ֮塣
ǰܶסΪڽͨ߱ĳĲԺ־һǿơ
ֻǰϾ
ֻг̵ĳԴҪǿ˹طɳȥͲ֪ڵ
ǻûл֪ȥĳûбߡ
ڴɨĺܸɾеģֻԽ٣ǻӵ𴦣ʳҲڹר˴ɨֵǲشС㣬̿ͦظ˵ĳУһ½ɾĳС
һȥʿܲΡ
¿ǲܳȥˡ
ڰϿˡҲÿûƵֶΡ
̸˹һ˿˵ķſڡ
ˣȻҸӦúͰϿһȥ˲Ųæĳ̺Ϳ˹ڿ˹ǰʱͷ̧Ҫˣ֪ߣҲȷܲΡ
̣ǰ߲һ𣿡
̻Ϊͬһ֡
ЦЦͬ߶ǲͬġ
̣ȷҪȥȾˣ㻹βãô죿
ˣ˰Ͽ⣬γȥ˶ѡħɡ
˺볯׸ۣסˣħǲȾߵġ
̣ðϿһȥ᲻̫ˣ
̾˿ˣҰ̫СˣǿԺҪôأѵȫңȫ
һǸᣬڣµġ
̾ûҪһ±˵ϾγУ˶ܰȫһ˺Σա
ֱӰͳȥʵڲ̫˵
ֻһΣ̲֪зҩòǰҩͳȥ
һðΣȥҩڶ̶꣬ûеõκιڲ˱ϢͲеõҩʥԺԺȻ
ϾҲԺǰֽܼ塣
֮ǰ̫æˣûд¡
ȴˡ
ȥôãûи罻ֲͨóȻȥΪǳʥԺԺ̾ýͨ㣬Ļʵ̫ˣҪִˣһͨ绰ȥʲô֪
̿һԺ˵ҪȥԼҪʲôҲֱӸ߿ϣǱ̫Զȥһߵĳǣȥء
ˣķԸˡ
ϣȥ׼ҪĶȻŸ˹ػ˷䣬ڿ˹Ѿеˣ˹Ͳ
Ҳ̫ùˡĨ˰˹صĻôÿеɫ鷢һǲүĳˣ
˹̿˵ˣĸĳ
̲ס̧ͷŴ⣺迴ǲ̫ҡ
̾˿ֶѵļ꣬⼸꣬Ӧþͺˡ
˹οġ
̲˵;Ŀڿ˹صĻֻڿ˹صĻܸоĺƽаȫС
ǲ֪εжأͨߣǾŷ֮õĺ


99 
˳ˣİϿ, Ͽʱһؿų, ̤ϵһ·Ȼ֮ǰ, ʱȴ֮˵ԼҪſһߡ
̲֪ô˵˵, Ͽ˱ֵľǱΪ潡
˻֪汬ߣճ, Ϣ
Ǻܿӹµõµָ, ȫǿʼȻߵûе, Ҳˡ
ڵĳ󷽷ܼףɱҩûУ޷ǷŵܻԵĶڽ˾Աãȥƿľ壬Ȼľ
иȱµİ취ǰѻƶƨ⻹ʱ򿴵İ취, סֻܳԲǴ, ͻᷢ裬ҧ󣬷סһֻ, ܺһѡ
ȱ¾ȱ°ɣÿϰȥ
ץסһĴˣһֻס
⣬ҪҲˣǰ󶼱ϴ֣͵һץסͻֱӶԼΪͷ̫£ûһ˸ҷ
ʳҲҪ˶ţвӬ棬͵ԣµй
𿲱ǸߣŵѾڲ³˳Ǵһˡ
ŵǸյͷ̫ԣϵ޾ɣЩϳŧ壬ֻĵһ֮Ҳû
סͬһ¥ڣÿʳﶼֻҳԼĸɱҲҸͷ˽Ӵ
ϾǲǵһθˣǰûмʶߵˣǸ֪ߵ֢״Ϳ¡
ڸô죿һ˳̾ߣɱԲȥֻܺһˮ
ǵĻﻹûлȥֱһ⡣
ڻûʶ٣ֻΪ⣬ֻҪһʱ䣬Ȼͺˡ
ŵҲΣô죿ֻһһ
ҪǾͲˡ
ôУˣѵһҿǰóǮóˣ˵ȥ
Ըǣ˭ôǺ;ƣ
³Ȼ˵ɸȥ˰ɣֻҪó㹻ĳ⣬һġ
㹻ĳ⣬㹻ĺô
ҲǻǮ
ŵ£θڿ϶С²׬Ҳܿ
صԼȦӣȥףû·ǻܵġ
³򴽣˵ȥʥԺһˡ
ʥԺԺǸˣô˾ܣʥԺԺǸֻͼܵķӦܹջ
ŵº˶һۣõİ취
˵ϣ˰³ϣ³ֻ޲ΧסżħǰʥԺ
֮ǰׯ԰ʱȾߵ˹³ǵ˽нӴ˵˶ʵĿ֡Ҳ֪ûãʱׯ԰ûȾϣӦõġ
ֻûֳֻ޲Ӧһ¡
Ҳϰɡ³ħ˵
ҡҡͷǲô
³ΪԷ鷳˵ҪΪԼþʲô£Ǻܿµġ
³߶߶ʵ÷ˣΪ˶ס³죬޲Χס˰
ǵʥԺڳеģȳǱ޽ĻҪߴƯǽ滹йʥĻ滭ͼ֪õʲôϣ궼ҪɫͼƯ˶һ⣬Ƶѵõˡ
³ȡ齻ſڵʥ̣Էȷ֮󣬲֪ͨʥԺڵĵʦֵʦŰ³ȥԺ
ħȻֻܵʥԺ棬ħһ㶼Լðˡ
ʥǿûʲôҪǳ˱³ģڹѾȥʥԺˡ
Ͼڴ˵У˰˹͡⣬ħ屻ŵԨʥ齵ŭ˵
Ǵ˵ǾͲҪָߵ͹һްɡ
³ܿʥԺԺǸʮ͵ˣüëȻƲ۽Ҳ΢΢£Ǹ˵ĳ࣬Ժ⣬ͰףǸˡ
³ЩɥԺǸˣ͵ڰһˣԷǸˣҪΣصĳ˵һ¡
֪ԼԺǺǻˡ
ǴģԺ΢ЦſŰ³񰲵³Һڻһİݺ͹ذ
³Ǵ˵¹ġ
Ժ㶣˵һλ
³ͷǵģǲʥԺԺġ
£޷ڵһʱͨ׶ʥԺȻȱ׶ʥԺٵ׶ʥԺˣ·ļƻ˶ˡ
Ժ̾˿˵λ᣿
³ʮ꿪ʼʥԺܽˡ
ԺǺܺʥԺɫˣ˵ڻ𣿡
⵱Ȼ˵ʵ³ɫȻҡҡͷӱͽջ˵Ѿܼˣȥ궬ôѰով˸ɺѾûʲôǮˡ
Ժһ΢Цǲӻ
³ˡ
˵ʲôζֻܵͷ˵Ϊ˵µҰѺҰúãһӲǺѾƣԭ׼ЩǮȥģ˲Ըǡ
ԺǺ;ƣ
³ͷɥ˵˵µѾܲˣ޷Ǯȥ
ԺЦ۾гһ죺˿Ǳʲô°סˣȥӦһЩ
仰ص˼̫ԣ°³һ
³һؿŶԷҼˡ
ԺЦţֻǲ˵ˡ
³ﻹͰѾƺǣֻҪܼˣǮЩϣ͸ʥԺʥԺÿ˶ܸܵԺʴȡ
ԺֻЦ
³ûа취һᣬ˵һļѣӦûȳͰƺǡ
Ժ΢ЦȻǵĻﲻ࣬Ҳա
³......Ժ
ֻܺ˵ͰѾƺʮǣòˡ
Ժбʾˣ˵µȻǴʥԺȥˣΪʥԺԺȻҪģ㲻õģ´һ˽ģʱӦþʥԺˡ
³ǧлӺ޲ðԺϰһݡ
ֱ³뿪ϵı黹һж
صסķԺ󣬰³˺αװߣһߺ޵طʲôԺԭԺˣ
ǣȾƣô
ʥԺǲȾƵġ
ǽһȾƱץסͻᱻϳʥԺ
طȻѾʥԺԺһãʲôʲôûܹ
˵ô´˽а³ȥ³ԼõǺѾƣЩɲˣļ۸ЩǺ;㹻һ˳ʳˡ
һǶӺ
͸ʥԺԺȴǰ͡
³ʥԺԺ֪߻Ầˣ֪߻ᱻԼϣչͽǣȫҪ뿪ʥʹ͵ʦԼ΢ػ
Ժˡ
ȴڡ
ʵ̫Цˣ
Ƭϣʲô𣿣
ǿ³Ļ֪Ӧ̸ˣȲΧȥʣҪ˶ٶ
³ŴͰƣʮǡ
զࣺҲ̫ˣ
ȻǴĲ٣֮һˡ
ǻȷỨǮǵĻҪǶԷ۵ͣǾ̫ˣ
³Ҳίô죿ɿڣҲֻϼӡ
ѾˣҲֻܽܡ
³ֵ˼죬ڼǻǲҳţϵԱˣ·߻˵ڵϣϵŧѿŧ˶ߣʿҲٳ·ϣżһԷҲǽŲҴҡ
ԽԽӿʥԺǶˡ
ǲٴȥˡŵֻܵϣʥԺǹȥҪߡ
ϸ·ȻΣգסҰ⣬Ҳסڳá
֮ǰڵĳгߵʱ򣬾вƽ֮¿ʼײ˺͸ҵĴţȥʳƲɱˡ
ڵ磬ʥԺ˹֪ͨ³ȥʥԺԺ
³ˣҲԸ
һݵˣݵƺֻʣһѹͷﻹһķˣڸԺ̸ЦƺԼݵĲһֻֻ˵Ļ
ƺһͻᵱԺͰ³棬Щ¡
ˡ³Է
λаأ游ǹȻ̳˸׵Ĳλ⸽λߵһλ壬˶ֻӾѡ
ζʱԳʥǣʥӵԼķӡ
ÿҾٰᣬȻһϯ
ǸʲôܵˣİþǸʽŮĳǱ󲿷ֵķ䶼סŮˣЩŮеǵسĸ߼ŮЩŮūһЩǱ͸
ԺĹϵҲΪУԺ͵ࡣ
ǵһ񣬻ʥԺֻҪÿǮͺˡ
ص۾Сʮûо𽵹ض԰³˵ķԺѾˣһǺѾƸң
һ˲䣬³ת
ſڵʿȻš
³ѵļһЦݣˡ˵µܲãЩǺ;
˵꣬ؾͻֵأ˵µǿȱǺ;Ʋ͹ģ𣿡
³˵ˡ
û뵽һȻǿо
ֻͰƺʮǡ³Ŵ˵ЩԺҪġ
ķ΢ЦҿɴûҪʲôҽЩ̷ʥ˺Ⱦƣѵ㲻֪𣿻ΪʥʹԼȴںȾƣ
³ͷ亹
غȻ˵ΪʥʹȴںȾƣôսӦñʩԽ̣˶˻õʲô³
ڰ³վסʱ򣬰ȴȻһЦº͵˵һԸ⿶Ǻ;Ƶʥʹǲɳµģ˵𣿡
³ȷţֻҪҾܾͱ߳ţ
󣬰ؾ͸нĽڣȥסĵطֱǺ;ơ
ʥԺԺ֤֮󱻳ʣѵһɶ
³ϧҪϧ뿪ʥԺǼʦȥ
³Լ˵ˡЩǺ;ƣΪ׼ġ
³ͷһƬң벻κνİ취
غԺЦš
ǾʿȥɣЩǺ;ƽǣǻưõġ
شĿ꣬ٸ³ϻֱӱŻе˸˿ﻹôˡ
³ʿ֮Ժʣҿˡ
еڲϣȻˣû뵽ﾹȻоƣΪֻǣֲǡ
Ů˵ŰصĲӣˣҰǡ
غúúãǵˣֱӸһޡ
뿪ʱ򣬰³ʥԺſڲԶĿħǣ֪ħħ壬ֻΪͨ壬ͨʿûʤġ
ԶԶĳҡҡͷ
ʮĪûħǳȥ
ǽڰ³
³Ѻ͡סĵطӵűһ߿˻֪ʲôһãȻʱ򣬾ʿߺ˸л˵Ŀ裬ЩǺ;ƣļ֤
ʲô
˶ΪԼˣ
ļ֤
ʲô⣿
֪ĸҰУ
³ҧ˵ǡ
ŵºǶǴˣ֪Ǳͻжѡһ
ѸٵطӦ
ŵǰ˵ˣǻҪ
ʿЦһֻ˵ЩĶģԼᡣ
˵ˣǵĻﶼڲͬĵط
ǰˣǿɲһˣǸɸģȻһĻҲ±͵
ˣøһЩʱ䣡
ǳ¸ͣʿˣ죡
ûб죬ʿҪѽж;˵ɣ
Ǳˡ
ʿ˵ǣǰѻҪۿţҪ˵ʲôǵԴҲͱҪˡ
ǺٺЦţ֪̺ôûᡣ
ûа취ŵʱȻ˵ˣҵĻ࣬Ȱҵİɣ￴ǣȥᣬȻֲ
ʿ㶣Цſŵ£û뵽һˣУͰ˵İ죬Ǹߡ
ǸŰŵȥԺ˲ֿ֮󣬰һ޹Ƕᵽ˴ſڡ
һǰԺʿ׼Ѻȥ
ŵȴͻȻ³ʹ˸ɫ
³æȥǸհûзӦ³Ѿ˽֣ܽȺУҲԼǲǻȾˣߺŧΪߣ
Ҫˣ
߻ɱˣ
һߺͺм˲ǵĶ
ʳˮܰɣ
ȥȫĵط
ǣоƣЩ˵µ͸ǵģ
³󺰣Щǵģ
ȥã
ȺûзӦ
ʿҲûзӦ
Ҳһѷ˳ȥȥ·ˣȥ·ˣȥðǺ;ƣѵΪ߶𣿣
ЩΪЩŧ˶е־ˣʱһ㴰ֽͱƣ˶Ǻ;ƣǴûгİƷ֪Ϊ־壬Ϊ̰ǳʿڵĵط
ʿӿȺٸ߳ҿ˭ң˭ҹҾҪ˭
³Ⱥ𣺡ʿÿ춼ܳ⣬ڻܳǺȾƣʲôûзԣû·ˣܵûУ
ƾʲô
֪Ǹȶ֡
ǷӦʱƽѾһǡ
ħҲȺУԾԾԣ޲һȥҪȴ֪ʲôʱյߵİ³ץס˸첲
ӺƹȥǵĻﻹһܱס
лҪ˵µ½ҪȡLOLʹ̨ʣһ߸õթܣ߲ˡ̰ߵĸ𣬹˲Ҵ档


100 
˹¶ˣ̲㱻һҭס
û뵽ȥһ˹¶ø˹¶ҡ
⵽ʲô
ȻȸϻħĿİͰ͵ذ齲Ժ, ̶ɵˡ˸̶ӹȥ, ɶȥɣ
ħ˳˵ˡ
ҿֻ̣ҵͷ˵˵˵ԺǵĶ
ҪѶ
ʹȥѶˡ
˵, û̶֪ˣֻ֪Ǵ߹ȥ, ʥԺҲȥ, 鷳鷳һ, ʲô⡣
ͷħС˵Ǹɱˡ
ոһĳ̣
ħֽ˵ԭ׼ǸԺҲɱ˵ģǰŵ˵ɱԺ, Ͱˡ
ͷ۵ķԵġ
Ավţ˵ǲ˵
ǿ˹һߣЦǺܺȱˡ
ĳǱʥԺĴ㹻Щˡ
̣ȫ˻ûлǻûߵҩ̫Σˡ
ܼһ˵Ҫܹ˹¶, ͽˡ
̣Ҵû˵һǡ
ܼһʱ䳤ˣҲ, ڵĸһˮȻŽ˵ǰ, һλϽʱûʥԺ
⻹ǳ̵һĹ£ֱӣŹܼҼ˵
ܼңʱ򼸸ڴ̣ܶʣµռطҲû׷𣬻º顣
ֱսֹͣȶȨ֮󣬸ز³µ
Ҳ˵Σʱռ˵أռΪУᵹù
̻ЩģǶٶǰˡ
ܼңڸٶǰ񡣡
һĻңÿҲȥʥݺͲμңֻھͿ˭ˡ
ħСѹɤ˵ŵǲ֪ôǸԺҡˡ
뵽Щʲôüʣһ˴ģôģ
ħãͱԭΡġ
ˡ
ǸԺѾ뱻Զˡ
̺ȻӦû֪ħĴڣǳ̿򿨵ϣֿϻάƽʱı飬ˣͲµˣ
д󽫷緶
ϵĺ󱳽ӵġԭΡʲô˲ԭΣ
һ亹ҧ
ϾԵ侲
һֱʮ޵Ĺܼңڿſϵﶼ˼ͣԼȻδȫȫĽš
Ҳ̶֪˸鷳ȻȫƽϢֱֲӸʥԺ˺͵ðѻ±ɺ£վ죺ȥǸԺ
Ȼ˹¶ˣֻеõҲлᡣ
ʥԺֻҪʥԺǱӦʣ췹ʥԺǱ߲ԸҲ顣
תͷʿ˹أһȥ
˹ߵ̵ߣס˳̵֣߰ɡ
ķԺʵǴħҲ֪ðĶű廨ĲķȻǱɨĺܸɾζеģϾйֲǸϾɨϻ
Ͳÿϱ÷Ĳķʱٴܵ˴ڷĴ
ڸë˳ץһѱĶι
ķһ·ŵõӶˣòײ˵ϣˣڲٴ£Сظ㡢ҲǱץģרŸģ
бһۡ
Ȼ֪ǰһΪǱץˣʲôö
򡰺ߡһ̧ͷΪΣ
Ϊ˭˻أ
Ƥëãܿôõ

ķûϵԼֻһ䣬ûʼ׻ͱԷϲһĭһƥԼǾòתͷҲһˮ
ķⱲûܹ裬һļͥĸϵʥͽջ·˵ÿ춼ҪĸһȥʥԺݣʥʥǵһλʦΪԵˡ
뿪˼ңȥʥԺ̻ܽ塣
Ϊܸɣܰʥ䵹Ըոճ꣬ͳΪһǵԺ
Լ͸óһӿ࣬һЩɵԺһƶ
ʥǵʱ򣬸ĸڳÿվܻؼңֻҪ˼ңܹݳ޵
뿪ʥ֮˼ı湦ǸʲôԺ󣬾ͿʼԷʾãô꣬еģУûеģҲС
ķ۾ͨ죬Ҫվκ˫˫Ŷϣάֲƽ⣬վһ룬ͨ͡һµˤȥ
̵ʱ򣬿ľſڵһݺĲķ
̱װһʹļ׵ӣúø˼׽顣
ڡһ࣬Ǳˡ
Ȼûн񱣬ʵе࣬ͨ˶Ǻܽܡ
ķԺ۶ȥԷ¶һЦóȻ㲻ɣ
ķˡ
ǳ¡
˭бħ忸ľ󣬹ƶ޶ԡ
̣Ժ˸ϴϴɡ
ĺӡ
ǵ˼ҵӲǺòˡ
ķҧԸ˵Լһ˵ϵͻմ촽ϡ
̿ۿϡ
æһȥѲķȥϴ
СԿ˹˵Ҳ̫ˡ
˹ޱ飺𣿡
̣ҾһǵõֶΡ
˹ؿ۳̣۾дˡ㻹ֶΣ
̿˿˹ص˼ħҿ
ʵһֱħ츳ܣԼϰԺԺ߳˿˹⣬Ҳûһˡ
ƺˬ
ˬֻ꣬ʣ¿ˣ˶ΪΪһУɻһǶȣЩ˶ǱȵģǸûѡ
˹Цô
̣ȸ֮飬֮Ҫǲҵģ취ɡ
ķǰǹӽľͰһԲˢӰͷˢβȸˢëҪķҽһֱûͣģ֪ϴ裬֪ĻΪƬ⡣
ǵʲôķ̲סغʥԺԺǰŪˣʥԺǲŹǵģ
Ҫ
ˢϴõˡ
ķòװһĥͱһֲڵ¡İװ۵ƤĥܣϵƤܿͱħˣ̲סȥץԼŪøǱ
ǰϴɾ󣬾뿪˷䣬ſţھֻʣ²ķһˣСĿռֻвķһˣⷴòķ˺ܶࡣ
СߵߣӴȥ⾹ȻСĳС
ֵкܶ߶Щ˸ȫ·Ȼûпһؤ
⣬ĽֵҲǲķǰδĸɾ
˺ܾãûһֻܶҲûпһ͵йˡ
̸ֵЦ
˺͵ؾߣţͷ˹·ϵŮҲܶ࣬ǴŸһ·ҪǿΣֲŮ
ķ۾ΪԼ˻þ
塭ôܸūߵôأ
ֻʥ¼֮Żĳ
ķΪԼΡ
ǰһ̶ӶѣôҳǸӡ
ʮ˳ˣôôıɱˣ
ֻ̫ˣҲ̫ʵôҲѲ
ϴԺ󣬵ȥ˲ķ
̼ԺޣλԺ⣬ķǵλ
˼ǣǰλʮֱˣȱᣬķǸôͨˣ˽Ȩı˽ķ˲Ҳá
ſڵʹš
Ŵ֮󣬳̿ϵĲķķҲ
ķ˿ĭ࿡ˣǹѺˣһݵˣôһôݶģ
ҽһԼתţԲķЦҽг̣˵µʥԺ̶Ҳҵǰ˹¶ģԭֻ뻻һЩǮΪ׼û뵽
ķճȭͷŴץҹΪ˸˵ħΪԼʲô³ʥԺˣȻħ˻죬ͲʥƲã
̾˿侲һ㣬ҪȻǾ̸ȥˡ
ķҪ˵˵̸ȥΪ˲ʥԺҾֻܰɱˡ
Ͼˣû˻֪Щɹȥġ
ķˡ
̣ú˵Ҹո˵Ķˣ
ķŵ˫ȶڷ϶ǰǸɱ飬ĺķӣԸһҰĲ̸ЦԸһƵ˳ֵܣܸһӶŸɡ
̻Ȼ˵Ŷ˵ȥǮ
λ׼һǮҵȫ
ķǳ˳飺ˣᡣ
ʥԺʥȻŲסԷķʵʵˣ̸ҲҪöԷĵļ룬ʲôûУֻܼסβ͡
̣˹¶û˹Ȼҵǳ鷳鷳ҵýԲԣҪε
ķ̧ͷãȻؿų̡
΢Цҵ˼ǣҪ˹¶ҪΪ˹¶
ķɴ۾Ѿ˵µˣһǡ
̣ģǰ
̰ѹܼ˵Ļظһ顣
ķսʱڣ޷ع壡
̣ڲҲ𣿡
ķȻ
̿ѡҵģ߲ҵġ
ѡǰߣȻ㲻ǰܣ㻹סʥԺطԺһѡߣҾֻȥʥˣʥǰҵ״
Լ˸ޡ
û뵽ԼȻǸյš
ķˡ
üͷţ
ķͷֱӸʥԺ˹¶һСǣ˹¶ÿ궼ҪͲٶʥǡ
̣Щʲô͸˭
ķҧ˵ͽ沮´󹫡
ͷһ˵֣ʥŲٹЩһ˵ҵĺĹԱ
̣˵ô죿
ϾԶʥǣķԼȴ̶Ѩķǿ£Ȱ沮´󹫷ÿ궼еТȻˣȻʣʱ߾鷳ˡ
ǲķ
ʥǱ˹ˣһʱ˳̣ȴܱŪ
ķ˵ʲôŵ㣬һʶʱ
˵²Ѷ
̣𣿳ʿ⻹ǾͲ˵ȥ
ķ˿ɲͨǲڴɱʿҪ׷ʿΪƽҪϳǣǲұȥ
ڳʿһ취¡ķС˵
̣˼ǣʲôøɣֱȥӹܣ
ķ˵ǡ
룺úϢټġ
ķʶʱĵͷԳһȻĿͳ뿪䡣
ȳߺ󣬲ķһƨϣһѶͷĺΪԼһȦһµˣΪʲôܳΪһǵ
ѵԺ۾Ϲ
뿪ԺҲһԼװװĲҪòķ֪˵ɱɱС˺ܶ࣬ķ϶Ҫּۻۣʵ̫鷳ˡ
Ͼ˹¶Ѿˣ쵼ֻʣ²ķôҲҪܡ
ûܣ˹¶ͻ鷳öࡣ
̳ԷʱԿ˹˵ҵΪҵģµģҪˡ
˹ط¿ӣ̵ֽ̽ӹ˲ǡ
˹Ц˵ȥļ䣿
̵ɴ۾𣿡
ÿ˹ؿ̫ܲóķ˴򽻵Ͼ˹صĿڲšʵڲô
˹Ἣˣô֪
̣ǣȥԣ
̲츳ܣҪǲķһ쵽ðĽܱ
Թ֮󣬳ϴϻص䣬ѽ˹صĻÿ˹ظԼӣһ࣬һ߱۾һܵ˵ʵŵҲһ¡
дţҾ룬ƽԭϣ٣չ㡣
ֳܵݣũҵȻһ֡
۾§ס˹صĲӣÿ˹صͷԼ˸ǣȻż˵ںˣֻҪ˹¶Ǿ֣Դܶ¶ԽŲͷȥ
ѶȾͱСˣ
ǿԲʥԺ룬ֱȥũҪݵġ
ҲȨ֮󣬽ڹ֮£ʵκߣø򱨸棬Ҳκν
ӾоΪӻÿ궼Ͳ
Խ룬ԽԼע
ʵͦõġ̽ץſ˹ص֡
֮ǰԼ΢еɫͻѺʹۡ
ٿĺûʵǿ
˹ų̵ĶƤĿᣬЦˡ
˸߲ңԼ֮ӵĳ̣
̾һڳ壡ⲻ֣нʵ


101 
ۿͷڴϢ, ŬƽԼ, һ˫ֱۺȻ÷ڳ̵, ̵ȫǺǸոմˮﱻһ, ͷҲʪˣЩ, ۾ˮ, 촽ҪѪ
ץסؿڵֱۣҪƿ, ͱԷְס
Ҫˡ̵Ļû˵ڣͱͷס촽
ֻһαϽ֮Уҧʹ࣬ĽűţСȱһֱߣȻ̧ȥ, סԷݵ֫
һн֮󣬳̲һһڴ, ֱ̧סԼ۾ԹĴΣĴˣ
϶
Ȼǳһô, ǻ۵ģۣεʱֵܾͿʼˣҪѼһ·
ֻп˹أƺģģôҲܡ
෴ֻҪ̲ͣ˹ؾ;ɨˡ
˹زţ̵ִһƳ̵ͷŨܣûѷķգָкõÿ˹ذ֡
˹صͷͳ̽һֻ࣬аǡ
´湻ˣ˹زŷ´˿ӡ
ȥˮһ
̼ţ˰ˮһ㡣
˹ЦЦ뿪˷䡣
ȿ˹ضˮص䣬Ѿƽ˯ˣƽʱ̶ǲ˯ģϲƽɣȻά˯˯ˣɼ۵òС
ǿ˹ƿӣᣬóΪõĶתѡ
Ĳ̵Ƥ˹Ŀˮǹһ㻡ȡ
˹ӣ̸ϡ
꣬ۿų̴һäĿֹ۵սء
ֻǳ̱δ䡣
˹صֱỬ̵ա
ӡ
˹ϴѳ§˻һס˿˹أҲ˿˹صĴϣԴ˿˹صؿڣ˯˹ȥ
ӣƻæýŲմء
ʱ򣬲ķѾˣһСдбӣΣȻСеĶУķϾǿˣǾû׼ޱ׼һ̺ӡ
̺ԭƵòأܱů
ķǰҹշת࣬ҹʵڿȥˣȻ˯˸ľ
󣬻˸͡
տõԼһ̲ˣһˮ
˴ӽ䣬̵뿪ڼûкͲķ˵һ仰
ķĲɵȴȻָвԡò˼飬˺һ㣬Ϳɫ⣬ŵһζ
ڲķó̻ɱˣ֪ԷҪԼȥȶ˹¶ľƣҪԼڻȥסʥԺҵ۾
˺һŽԼ
ɴ۾Լͺͷ

ѵӦӲֻݽųԵö
ķӰ̲͵̲̳֮ͳûи̳ʱộ㣬ԽԽ㡣
ܿ죬ζĳԷһһ̲ˣٵĺһˮ
ͺܿ챻ԹˣԼųһ㡣
ôôأ
ķֲҴٸԼһݣӻѣ֪ﲻʥԺҲǱƵĵʦʥ̡
ֻܿűԼɨļȸɾϵһˡ
ϾѾӽûԷˡ
ֻһЩˮ
£ж˵㶫֮󼢶޷Ŵ
쵽ʱ򣬲ͿŰȥ
ķúֹ֣һǰԼʥԺԺЩƺûԺʲô˲ġ
ǵ沿飬ķԺ׵ķֱЩ˶ӡ
ǺԺ
ķ֣Щ棬ҪֲʣЩ˾ôġ
ķԺ̴ȵһ߹Ĵһǳɫһףһ˫Ь
ɲķöԷһʲôֵġ
ԷӦô
ĴŲûöԷʴһۿۡ
ˡķͷһ
̶˵ȥæɣҸķԺתһת
ǵͷ뿪ȣѸ٣û˿ˮ
ķߺ󣬲̾ǿ
Цһùܼҡ
ǰ棬ķ󣬳վڴߣеķ羰пʯϣӸλǸԵʫˡ
˹¶Ǹʲôˣ̺Ȼʡ
ķ񣬸ЦˣѾˡ
ûпķҲŸҪ֪
ķǸͨĹ塣
ûʲôҰģô£̰
ˣЦЦԺأ
ķһϣʶĺһ
λûвûпķɵĸо˿־塣
һ޺꣬Ȼÿ־壿
̣Ǹʲôˣ
ķЦǸʥ飬ڽġ
̻ӻ֣Ҫ˵Щ滰ˣԺ㣬Ǹᡣ
̹ףǻܼȥ̹ףҲһ㣬ֻҪ㻹ţдžС
ķɤɬѵ˵ֻǻõһЩôʱ񣬶ֻҪֻ۱ֻۣҪʱ򣬶˵仰
̵ͷ˼ǣûʲô£ֻǶµ˿һȷ֮ţ
ķ˵ˡ
̿˲ķһۣȻ˲ò࣬һźͰȴһŸĺġ
Ҫһʱ䡣ƿĿ⣬¿⣬ҵ˻ˣǲŻȥ˹¶
ķС˵˹¶ߡ
ʱȻԼ°һ£߿ɱȱץ¶ˡ
˵߲˻ôȫŧ壬ţҲˡ
ǰҽ취˷Ѫβá
취ò˽ҺУȫͿֱ棬ûκãûκãһԸչ˲˵˶ûˡ
ֻڶͲʹĥеȴĽ١
̣֪
ķ飺Ҫˣȥ֮Ӧþͻᱻȶ֮ٹȥ˵ȫ
̴˸ǷеЩᣬ˵ȶ˾ĲˣڲȱطֻȱˣҪһճǸʲô
ôƽԭǣʱЦЦؿŲķٴʲôã
ķɴ۾
ΪԷֻ˹¶ĲƸҪõĲƲ
ʵȻġ
ԷҪĲĲƱ
ˡ
Ϊʲô
ѵ˱ȲﻹҪ
ס
ҲҪԷʳף˵ʱú룬ص˹¶ԺҪЩʲôϣȥʼʥԺ͵õԼڡ
ķ֪ˣˡ
΢ЦǾɹʶˣķԺΪ°뱲ӣòҪб˼ôһҲ֪ôһˣһǺġ
쿪ʼҲûټķķڷÿΨһڴ¾ÿ͹ķ
żҲڴ߹۲С
ʱˣ˼йÿţȻͬһʱȻڽϣƺȥԷҲڽֱ죬ȻнûЩֻӿ޴ķ
ķ֪Щڸʲô
Խ࣬Խֵ֣صûмҲûˣǵڸʲôʲôӣ
Ҳ年ʲôֵġ
ķѾϰΪˡ
ʱῴŮڽֵ׷ǻᳪ衣
ϻ˾ŻڽţƺѲҹ
ûп˴ܣҲû˳ܡ
õġ񲻴һ
һжΪǸһôµˡ
ΪŰΪʴȣ
ǰߣǸԿ־岶ĵǺߣжôĻͿµֶΣ
ķԼĲųһ亹ԼڶԷֱǸ漣ϾʥԺҳһðǼܼ򵥵¡
ֻҪð˼˾ˣ꣬ҲͲټǵҲҪ
ķ޲ھͳ嵽ǰ̱ġ
ȥˣҲûմ
Ϊ˻㱨ߵ
ϴһġ仰˵ʱ򣬳˿
ֻͨ߶ѣǺ
ϴεҩá
ٻʱȥҩҲڻʵ顣
ǳõϢ
ȻǾҩɡŴ˵λֻܿССˡ
ȻѾ˳ȱ׼û׼÷רҵʿֻܿ˺СС׵ľ飬
Ц˵֪ˡ
˵ҹԼͽܣҩҩ衣
ʱҲдƻ飬׼ȥ˹¶ԺӦô죬ǲ˵ĸ룬ûи˵ģһ˸˷ֿǻ᲻ʧȥǵ£
ĻҩĹӦܸܿϡ
κһˣһ˾ͻ
룬»òķȥհɣΪһҪĶҲûá
ξǳе̻ǵǰһƪ־£ͺ֮Ű޵УһҪԭûϴ裬ϴ裬شС㣬һУӬӶЯǻഫȾ
⵹Ǹ˳һõķʳɡ
չȥһߣһǸɻֱӷʳﲻôȡ
˴ɨ⣬ý蹤Ͼ˹¶ﲻͬԭûˣҲǿյģþã˹¶Աӣԭţкܶ฻
бصũҲԭȨ׼ʿԱ
ô˹¶Ѷȣܱׯ԰ѡ
ɳ̲üѣȻȼ˾޴ģֻˡ
Ȼߵڣ֤⣬Ҳеġ
дҳֽҪˣⲻ֧ҹ칫ܼдȥ
˯˹ڴʡ
̴˸Ƿ
ȥϴͽţȻϴѽ˹صĻ
붬֮ǰǱȥ̱۾˵Ǹһȥ
˹ס˳̵֡
ǶҾĶ˹ڳ̵ֱһǡ
ЦһθҴҰʱ򡣡
˹ʱ£Ҳ΢Ц
ֻǰ£ȴǺܶǰ£⼸귢̫ˡ
۾ʱû뵽һ㡭
˹صڳ̵Ħû뵽ڻͬһŴϣ
̣ǵǣû뵽ǻڴЩ¡
Ͼ˹ضů
̣ǰûԼϲ˵ʱǴȣڷ˫Ƥ۾
˹סֽ˽
̣ҲĿ˰ɣֻԱԭĲһ
˹εЦЦ
ſ˹ص֣˾񣺡֪ǰ˵ϲģʲôʱԼϲ˵ģ
ǵƪдǣĳһ췢ԼΪͬ˵ǺȻˣˣֻڲ֮ǰԼûзֶѡ
ֱУǲᱻġ
̲˵ƲѧãȻֱˣҪǿ˹ûг֣Ӧòῼˡ
Ͼ˹ôÿû
Ȼǳ̻ǿġ
˹أ֮ǰҴûиκйܵĹϵ
ֶ̣ûУ
˹ҡҡͷ
̾˿Ҳ̫ˡ
Сѧʱ򣬽ζͬѧء
Щۡ
ÿ˹ǰһúܹ¶ûп̸ĵˣҲûпԷֺ˵ˣܹϵһָˣ˹һѶûС
û̫ǿĶռĶռҪԷֻһˣܸ˸ܳ죬嶼УΪÿ˶Ӧн˼ʹϵ
ѣˣˡ
ɿ˹ֻˣֻǿ˹صѡ
̺Ȼס˹أ¶ģԼҪ˹صİˣõѺˡ
Ȼ˹صĸҲ̫ƶˡ
Ժһõġ̽ſ˹صʱҿܻæ˲㣬㵽ʱҪҵ
˹֪̾Ҫ£Ҫ£ǲκΣա
һ죬ɱһǵ˲ܱס̣Ҳԥľ
ûƶֻ֣֮֮֡
ȻҪġ
̣ʵҲȥѣҾͺھͲ
˹رһŪˡ
̽˵㲻Ҫ̸ĵ𣿲ȻҲ̫ˡ
˹֪Ϊǣǿ˹ĳ̵ı֪
̧ͷǿ˹ص촽˯ˣ
˹ڳ̵Ķ˵Ρ
̱۾˯˹ȥ
˹ؿڴͷ§ų̡
ͷų̵˯ա
ԼһĶѨ̾Ҫı
ʱѳ̳Խȥ
Ͱȫˡ
˭Ҳܴаѳ̶ߡ
Լܡ


102 
ս½̰˵µ°ź֮, ׼ȥ˹¶
˹¶˵²ͬ, ˹¶һƬɽɽ, ׯ԰ĵƲͬҲҰڶ, 궼иĴׯȺҰϢ
˹¶˿ڸӣǱô, ˹¶ʳԴȫĴׯ, ˹¶ҪԴΪ˺͸ɻĵλúԽ, ʮǻıؾ֮·һṩתվ
Ҳǵô˹¶Ҳһֱȶԭ
ֻҪ֫ȫˣҵɣȻһԵñúã϶
бͷ
ҩ豻װֽ, Ȼһкеķľ峵ЩֽжʱϹ, ʮֲȣʱҲûȥģֽܱľеʱ, ֻҪˮЧҲ̫
ΰѹܼ˵¡
ˣһûϵܶĵزܼʮֽǣԼͷûüϢ̵ֱ֮ķ䣬ϵƶдǺ;֡
̸ջ·Լĺףóõ˵ǣԺҲ˹ţҶģֻ㡣
̲ܼͣҴñǱߵľȶˣҪôһҪôȥòã
ܼίί˵˵ˣ
̣˵ˣҲƭ˵ġ
ܼŷӦͷûã·Ҳûиƽͳˣ侲ĻŵҪŴ˺һ˵ˣˡ
̾ùܼڻͦúġ
ǰúˡ
ҪߵĶ٣Ҫߵȴ࣬ϴδׯ԰ǼԱͶιȥȴֵֻڵħ塣
ֳҵҲԼҲûȥֻܴͷʼߵļԱȽϺãϾȥӣЧһģ˷ʱ䡣
ߵɪݼݻƣԶҶҲˣΪǹʱ䣬ǶڹɻԽҲûʲôˣֻгϻиũˡ
ԭ׼͵뿪Ҫڳκɧû˷뿪
̸ոߵ·ߣͷԭͷɻȫ̧ͷ쳤˲ߡ
һľ峵رȻһ֪ҪԶš
ũæũߣܵ·ߡ
ϳʱûǣʼǰԺũǾ͸ڳӺܡ
ˣȥĶ
ˣǸһߣ

òֻģģڽƿȥֻûɳӰӰ´µӰ
ǰܵס˸ܵũǡ
Ǹʲôػޡ
ũǲòͣ½Ų
ʿˣũǻų뿪ķ
أҪҪǸϾ׸˱ɲκ£ȥֵأҰǸϻȥ
ض仰ͷҲصĲǰȥ
ũǴվһֻܻȥ
̲֪ͷ£ڿ˹ϱĿһĽŲ˹¶ĴϣôζһӲ̴ˡ
֪Ҫȥ˹¶Ժ󣬾˹¶ȥǵӵǴߣǻҴǡ
һҡʮ죬ÿ̶ڳϣֻҹŻ³߼·һ󣬸·ĹǼ尾ģ̲ǵһθ·ˣÿθ·ĸоࡣ
ÿ¶½ħ嶼˱£ĳѾ̺ˡ
·Ĳ٣װһϸʰֻжģûٴġ
ϾװճƷϣÿ쵹ǶúܳʵľͲһֽƷҹ³ʱ򿳵ڳСٿ
⻹Ӱѧġ
ǰð˴žµϢʱ䣬ҪԼҵ
ȴôˣΪͦãٿʱϲͣƽģӻ£ʮֳʵ
ȣ̾Ͳôʵˣֻڳ˹壬Ϊ·廹ֽëʻȦͲ棬ȵĿĵصʱ򣬻ȦͲֽһ
ˣˡڳͣһ̾Լ·һմ˵ˮĨĨԼͷȻߵ̳ԣ˳š
̿ǰǡ
Ľ£ûмأ˵ǺܶࡪʬҲһࡣ
·ϣ˵һҲڵϣżܶһ
˹Ȼס˳̵̷֣ſ˹
ħħһҲȾߣ˫߽ȥ˫ۿǵʵò̧ͷԿ˹ЦЦ߰ɡ
ȻԸϣֱȥǱ
ЩɣˡǱһˣǡ
̣ķһȥɡ
Ͻü˵ˣߡ
̶Կ΢Ц֪ǵðѿִãȽȥˡ
˵꣬ҲĻᣬſ˹ؽ˳ǡ
ոϽֵ̾ˣʮĽضԿ˹˵·˵·ôҽֱߵķӺ£ľͷģҲʯͷģ˵µķӸãֻǿŶЩӿ϶©ꡣ
еĻֺȣˣþͲôˡ
ǽ֣쳤˸첲첲ϲŧ塣
Ҳڽֱߣڣɫ԰ס
·еʱ򣬷ֻּһЩ˵ũȫˮӬڵҷɣʱͣڲϣʱͣ˵ϣֻǶԲӬ޶ã϶鷳
ڳ̿óʱ򣬿˹ס˳̵΢΢޷ĳ̾˽ĻСԹͻȻ
û˵꣬ͿһŵĺӴԭվŵĵطܹȥ̿ȥʱǺûͷһۣȻͷҲصļǰܡ
̲ԣҸҵ·ˣ
·ͦġ
˹ЦЦڳ̵һ
붮С͵
˹أͦСġ
̾˿ꣿꡣ
ڿ˹صָ£̷⸽С͵治٣Ů٣ǻڰһȷĿ꣬ͻֳĿעȻһȥӽĿꡣ
һ
ЩС͵Ǻܺãǿֿ϶ŧ塣
ЩѾõǲֵģֻĽ
뿪֮󣬳̺Ϳ˹ȥ˸̣Щ̶ûơҼţó̿ԭʲô
Ҳпŵġ
̸˹˽ȥ
ȥ֮ſ壬һƤĵֻ꣬Ϳ˹ˣԼһľϰ塣
ϰЩˣһ˽ţæԼĻ
ˣƤëõƵģֱůҪˣŻȥ𣿡ϰȳһȣԭϣҪԼְһȷֱ˲վ
̶Կ˹˵Űɡ
˹ءšһ
̲ߵϰ˵Ǹյкܶ
ϰǺ°Ѻò׽Ŀߣ۾˵ϹĶЩ˺С͵֪ģЩһ굽ͷûкõʱ򣬵ȫ˲źá
⻰٣ȫ˺С͵
Ҳģϰʵߺͼȫɢġ
̣˶𣿡
ϰ忴ſ˹ѾѡƤϵЦࣺԴЩ֮˾ͱˣûǰ֡
ҹʱû·Ͽʿ̣ܾе֡
ϰ壺ʲôֵģЩ϶ǶĶǮȾƣʿ˿϶æ
ЦЦأͷ
ϰ죬С˵˺ٴӳǱΪ̫ˣҲ뿴ǡ
˼仰
ϰ嶼ˣҲûʲôĻش𣬷ȥô仰
ϰһѿ򶼹ϡ
̸Ǯ֮ϰ԰ͳ˵꣬кԺ
Ҳϰе֪ƶߵĴڡ
ƶߵȻֱӱƶߣֻÿǶôһطŵĴǴǨˣЩڵûˣûѣֻܸͼĻٵĳͣȻҲֻס˵ĵط
һֻҪͭҵ
;ס͸ͭҵֵ
̸˹˳ϰָ·ķ߹ȥǴĽֵȻſƶߵݣһڼֵнǴĽȺ
˵ǽʵǼľģСҼһķӣҳȻڲȴԿŵˣеµ̺ӻƲеʲôûС
˺һ𣬷ֲ
գ̶ԸϸЩհЩʲô
ƶߵĺʲôҲûֻܽŴˣӴϼȡһ
̿һղĵƿĿ⡣
˵䲻ôȷĻϵЩ˻úá
ȥǱɣҿˡ̾˿ڡ
˹ס˳̵֣á
ǵĳǱ˵µĸӻֺ׳ۣͬĽԲεĽһѹµţ߶ͳһΣռ󣬸ߣһȷʵˮĺӵڳǱǰ棬ÿһͨУҪ˴ӳǱǱ߷µš
ûڳǱǰҵԼĶ飬Ѿɹ˹ڳĺˡ
˹§ס̵ڳ̵Ķ˵ҪҴɹȥ𣿡
̣ɹȥ˶ܿ
˼ô֪ͨԷľŵʱ򣬶˹Ѿˣðѵŷ
̣߰ɡ
ľϣľӦþάޣЩľɫľȫɫ񱡼һ£ҿصĥ
̵ĽŲ棬оȵ
ǱĴѾԳ̳ˣħվߣվȺǰ棬ħ棬ԭǣǵͷ˽ƺȫ̵ʲôͷ
̲ȵ档
ԭڳߵĿ˹غһ
˹ϴ΢Цų̵ıӰ
Ǹ棬һ˿ηĲ֪Գкˡ
ļѾصĵˡ
ĽŲӲͣЪ
ڳߵǰʱ򣬿ħȥ
ԭС˵Ҳֹͣ˽̸Σֱеһʶ˹ȥǲŽţ紵˰㣬һڵϡ
Ѿĳֲˡ
ԭĹܼ˭̿˵
һ𷢵˴ӹŵȺ̧ͷС˵ˣҡ
̣
վҰѱֱֻСߵߣ̬ǫˣԶȺªںӶʱӣҲǲŵţЩֱӡ
߶£ȥ̵
̣˴ҵȥϢĵط׼ʳתһת
˵ֵĲ㻹ܵĹܼҡ
Ͼϸһ˽
Ҫһǰڷá
ħ뿪̲Ĺܼңʲô֣
ܼС˵ҽĦ˹
ԱЦ˵صԶˡ
Ħ˹֪ڿ佱ڳεЦЦǻӦ
ڳǱǱɨĺܸɾɼڵӣҲû͵ǱڲҲвٵ̵ĻƣϻÿһʯשʷĴɣ沼µĻۡ
ͬϵʨӣڡ
Ħ˹߹ǱÿһȣҲķʱⷿƵǼݻⷿ˵̺ҶͬһֶƤëˡ
ɫǺë
Ǵİɫĵ̺γĶԱȣ˻ƽƷ̨ͷϣľԵиĵ̡
㣬һʵģһοյġ
Ҳб¯ǽϹ³̿ʮֳɫĻ
ɫޣڵ϶ǴֲȡȻϣɫܿͻˣΪάɫͱ뾭
ЦЦԭÿ治
Ħ˹ƨΪĳǣЩÿιҪǲռõļк̡
̣Ӧû˹˰ɣǱȾ𣿡
Ħ˹Ц˲ýӲ
˱飬Įˣ˵
Ħ˹ʧԺһжʮȥ֮ǰҶ˰Ǹϳ˳ǱõģڳǱĶûߵˡ
̿һۡ
Ħ˹˿ĭһѣȴñͷͺ󱳶亹
ܸͦɵġ̵ıҶﲻǺ˽⣬Ժ϶кܶҪĵط
Ħ˹˿¶һĵЦ
ˣķأתȥʿϡ
ϣڷ
̣̫ãʥԺɣ֪ԼҪʲô
ӦķԸˡ
Ħ˹ſת뿪ͣһͨˣӦ˵ֻͣΨһĺϢǣλ˲ûдŹܼҹ
λӦȵģҶԷ϶ҪԼ
Ħ˹ŵģڷŽ˶һɣͺȻ˵ˣԴ֮󣬳ߵòˡ
Ħ˹Ѿûжٴˡ
תͷüЦںң
ҿɵ𣿡
Ħ˹ɴ۾һֻס˲ӵļò״ӺＷһ䣺ôô˵
ֻĿ
Ħ˹亹ֱɲ
ԼЩ֡ĺܺúŪΪᣬΪ


103 
Ħ˹ӶǺģϹܼҵĶ, Ϲ̷ܼĸ, ϲڸ׵Ƽ³Ϊ¹ܼ, ԭĲСһ𳤴̫ԷǸʲôˡ
СһŲ, ֻҪûȱУĦ˹۸˵κ, ֻĦ˹Ű졣
Ħ˹ʵʵĹܼ, ѲԽԽ͸֪һ鷳, ϲܵˣĦ˹ͷһƭԷһ˽½Ӵŵӣһõļλӡ
Ħ˹ûа¸߲Լİˡ
ܽţܺ£һµجΡ
ǲûз, Ŀ־ڷ£һ, ô˽˸ЩԭӦĲƸĿڴ
ʱò֪, ֻǶֻ۱ֻۣϾǹܼңһܼңڶϵԼһֻ۰Ȼ۰һٳûܳʱӿɲù
Ħ˹ϰΪٵ£ַҲԽԽֱʱ򶼲Ρ
ǲûȢޣûŮ˵ʱֻ֣ʥԺԺ֮£ʵϣֻõԺ
ϾԶ߷Χ֮ڣ֪Щʲôʲô
ǺŪʱ䳤ˣںŪ̵ʱȻûǰ˵ǣʱ˵©ٳ̽
̵ͷĦ˹ͷĦ˹Ľɫɫӽ
ңΪʲôûз֣Ǳֻ⼸˵£ʳ᲻ûĦ˹ôš
Ħ˹Ӳʧ֮Ǽȫˣֲ̣ôǱĴǳûлµˣҾ˰Щָˡ
ͷ
ǾʹҵȥֿܲɾһʳҲûУʱҵ˾֪ԭŵǳˡ
Ħ˹ĵѡ
̺Ȼ˵ҸкܶҪĵط˵滰Ҿͻ
Ҫ˵ѡ
̵Ļûȫ˵ڣĦ˹ɤ˵ЩʳѾˣطҲߣۺܸߣ֮ǰ۵屶
̣ûȱô𣿡
Ħ˹ҪˣЩߵ˶֮괺ֻûߵ˻
ЩЦá
Ħ˹Ǹ̵ϰ壬ǶõĽ취ǵߵȫ⡣
̣һʳҲûʣ
Ħ˹ﻹ㹻Ǳ˳ʳ
ܶ࣬ǱҲˡ
⻹ûѱĦ˹ϳȥ˳
̫Ѩһ
׼˵ºׯ԰ҪתŦֻҪ»صȻͻԴԴϵʳ͹
Ħ˹˵̺һţסˡ
һԼͺͷ˥Ȼһ˵㻹ʲôûҵģᣬһ˵ɡ
Ħ˹߶µعǣ̧ͷѾˣǰȫ亹˶Ǹմˮﱻ
ˡûˡĦ˹˿ĭ
ʧԺǣҪʲôҲ
Ħ˹ȥԼֻһ£˲䰲Ĳ١
̣Ϣ뿪ʱҪҵſڿ㣬𣿡
Ħ˹æ˵ˡ
仹һʱ䣬˰ԭӴɨЩλεƷյĶȥǲգ̺Ҳȣ涼ҪģЩȫ˹ָʰ
̺Ϳ˹ȵľͷ졣
ÿϿ𣿡ҪϾϤ£̵ʱȫȡĦ˹ⲻһ׵£ϾĸʹСǶֻĦ˹Ǳˡ
Щǿ˲ıġ
ҪԼı¡
˹أܣ׼ô죿
°ͣùܼͼ˹
ϹܼǸ˾ȷʵ˿ϣֻһϾΪ˳̣ǲῨġ
һܵΣϲоͻһÿϵҲûʲôá
Щϧˡ̿ԶգϼѾȾƶ䣬һɫηͦģҪһֱͣȷʵЩ˷ѡ
ôǵÿԼı¡
ϵ֪Լϵĵôأָ²úķ󣬾ȥ˯ĵطһ˵ϵʱ˶Ҫߡ
Ͼп˹ڣκص£п˹չˡ
ϲζ˹ذŲͬĽɫĽ򼵶ʿ˹ء
˹Ϊ̵ͣŻԿ˹رе⡣
϶ԼδһȷĹ滮ְҵһΪ˷񣬵ٴ꣬ȢһӣӣкôںӶºѺӴߡ
ĺӳҲΪһ͡
ĺŮôһȻ׼üױڱҸɷܼӻ
ɷŲ۸Ů
ˣܻصԼСңӹƽ
ǿ϶δȫ롣
·˱˴ûнʱʱһĿ⣬޶á
̫ǵֶˣЩ˽ʱѹȥԺŲָֻš
֮ĵλֲ֮ôԡ
һ˵ߵĹܼҵλߣȻͣȻͨˣ͵ȵľЩʱڳǱˡ
֮иصĻַʽܳĳĳ̶ֳ˵λܼҲࡣ
ڵĶﾭϺʳﶼֵơ
ϲˣЩ˲һͻŮͣҪôֺܻҪôϹĴ
֮١
ڳûнӹׯ԰֮ǰϾվ˽Ÿ
ҵķ䣿ƿź󣬿һСķ䣬ûдҲûдмƾɵ̺ӣ˯ĵطķ˸ľӣ·ġ
ׯ԰Ҳû˯ķ䡣
ûгΪ֮ǰϸһ˯ϣΪ֮Լķ䡣
͵ͷСǱķ䲻ˡ
Ŵȥǵķ䡣
ЩóˣȴˣûվȽŸοˣҪڲһЩ֮󿨵Ҫͷϣ
²С͵ܹ
ҲΪʲô
ͣסĵطҡ
ЦЦû£ҲǴСطģ࣬Ҳҡ
Ͷһۡ
Ϣɡ
ȻתһĻᡣ
ҲûֻǸ͵
Ҫ˦ϣɿȴǣԶǱľ롣
ϺԼҳ۸ˣ̿԰һΣΣˣһỳɿϵ
һͨͶܲסˣ
Ҫʲôã
ڶϣһžͿſڵĦ˹Ϳϣһһҵվţֻ˶ͬľήңźȦ۴Ҳԣһ֪˯߲㡣
̿Ħ˹ֿۿϣԿ˵·ˣӦö˯һġ
ϵһ˫۾ˣҲۡ
æŸȺͶǶȥˣȻûȫѱǣϾǳ¡
Կ䣬ԼϹܼҿеĴˣЩèǰϻˡ
˹Ҳӳ̵߳ûʲô飬ǻ˾ʱ㣬Ĳϻкɫӡǣһ֪ǲʱ˱ġ
ûһ㲻˼ϾҸʱ
ܼڵ֪Ϳ˹صԺ󣬻ĵϰƺõ֬
˵ʵ֬ͦõġ
ֻûڹܼԤʹöϡ
ȥʥԺɡ̶Ħ˹˵ȥѳ˽й
Ǯһ
Ħ˹õģˡ
Ħ˹ߺ󣬳ֶԿ˵ȥɡ
ķصʥԺȻˮʥԺ쵼£ȫΨǴӣЩģͱϳȥˣһ仰ʥԺ´黹Ҫá
ûɣΪ֪һѵĲϡ
ΪжҪΪá
һûˣ̾ͻѡһˡ
ǲȡһҪβˡ
ˣˡķԵʥԺſӭӳ̽ȥ
΢Ц˵һûԺоˡ
ķЦǺǵ˵дڣҸоԼǰȫĵģԲо񡣡
øǻԭڲķϣαϣȾߵ˺ܶࡣ
ķһص˵֮ǰҪء
ÿ춼زȥûʬʿ֪㵽ȥˣûκάˣǻ̻̲ۼʣعص˻ȥعػһǾ͸ûйˡ
ķȻ˽ҲάȥЩһײʥԺĴš
̺˿ˮߵҩ
ķɴ۾
˵ǰҲһߣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ķһ£Ȼ˵ǵãûء
һֻ°ͣʱ¾Ūҩһ˰ҩ͵һЩʥԺԺϣ֪Ժûյ
ķ˿ĭ
̣ȻյˣΪʲôأ
ķ˵ˣʥԺҲߵҩ
Ȼҩϡ
̻˸ˣΪʲôã
ķˣҲǴʥԺģӦ֪ʥô˵ģһпֶԴЩֻԼ壬ܽʥή¸ֶ򡣡
̶ˡ
ÿ־;ʥ¡
ǶʥԺҳϡ
ķҵȷʵֹһҩ
侲˵ЩҩҾͻΪҽ֮£Ͻ̨
̱۾
ǰжԭˣ
֪Ǹ֡
ʥûоǣʥԺҲûоǡ
Ψһþȵ·ΣʥԺˡ
ǵϡ
ģֻһʥ䡣
ֻ˱νͰˡ
ܹ侲͹۵ĿЩˣǰʱ˿̣϶ѾݺݱķĹͷһвĳһ˵µġ
˽ĲķҲĮĸ
һûκζӴ֯
̣ҴЩҩҪȥ
Ҳʲô취Ҫܻˣȥ
עŲķ۾ҵĻ𣿡
ķѪǵͷ˵ףˣһʴȵġ
̲ÿɷ˵ΪһʴȵˣΪһ˵ġ
ķ˳̵ķ̡
ڴʱűˣʦ洫Ժˡ
ķ̣̣Ħ˹ѳǮеλ˽ˡ
ķѾ³ҪʲôˣСѵˣ˶ΨͼСˣǲԴĵġ
˹ԱЦ㲻Ҳ𣿼ȻԣȻҲԡ
֪˹صĵϸֻΪ˹ǳ̵ˣǷǳܳˣ죬ȥ̵ͷó졣

ʦš
һ곤˽ŷǳ棬һñӣŹȣûвмֻΪ˫Ȳʱô˶ѡ
øϹܼмƣͷ࣬Ҳһ̱ӥǡ
߽Ժ󣬲źۼĴˣȻñŵǰһ񣬶̣Ǹɫˡ
ķ֣ҵѡ
ҲЦֻЦ粮ķζԺ
ķܵλǳ̣εˡ
̳ͷʾ⡣
ϣ̫ͱ΢ĵͷһײĿˣ֪˽ʲô£ֻҪģһƴǡ
̣ûʲôˣ֪𣿶Ͼ͵ûʳ㹻ľкܶ˶
ˣҼĴҲ࣬Ըȫ׸ˣҲֻȫ˳ѡ
ѾˣĳĿɼһߡ
̻ӻ֣û׼ʳ
ǧллˣҲһ˺ͲϻҪ
̣׼붬ǰһµļС
Ͳķų̣˵ʲôĹ¡
ЦЦʱҪȥˣֵ겻˰Ҳ⣬һҹѲ飬ȷС͵Ҳȥ
ֻʳѡλ֮ҪûʳҾͻ˰ջ
üŲѡõӡ
˿ĭ
ջ󲢲Сǻвٸ˵ģʳļ۸͡
ֲ˰⣬ֱǼǮ
֪һ壬Ķˡ
̵ᣬԨħૣֻһΣʱɲ̣߹ȥøǰһ
ǵջδأ
ûܾܾջ
ֻǰռӣֻҪתְȥʲô÷ѣɵǮ
޷ܾ


104 
÷վھʥԺԶСŴֲȹ, һͷҵĺ췢, ĽŲˮŽż뼷Ⱥ, ȥʥԺֻǹʥ, Ҳȵǿ
ֻ÷̫Сˣһδμȥ, һδα, ԭɾȹմ˺ڻҺգЬ϶ˮ
÷ҿ, ֪ôʱԱߺȻץס
Ϥ÷Ķ𣺡
÷ֻܲرȺ
Ƕ֣÷ͬһ֣ǵĸ׶ľЩΰʻ¹ǮԭѾ׼ǮԤ괺ʱͽ顣
ǶִСŸѧϰѾһϸľˡ
ֻǻûȵ, ûȵ飬˫ĸ׶Ϊȥ, ĸҲȾߣ÷и磬ҲȾߡ
ԭ㸻ԣļͥ, Ȼ֮ʳԽԽ󣬿ٹǻǵ򣬼ǮҲˣΨһϣʥ鱣ǡ
Ƕֽץ÷Ⱥ÷վԼǰ
Ǿ޸ƼֻȺ沨
ڣ֮ǰʥԺ泳£ʥԺȴܰƺһѶʥԺĴ棬÷ʥԺʯذϣܣ¶һ֪˵ǿ޻Цı顣
ʦȻǰ÷Ƕæֹĳʦ
ʦ鰧ݿǣ÷ǶֽŵĽסԷ֡
ʦûи˵ʲôԱߵˮﾻ֣Ȼȥʥĵǰ档
÷Ƕֶ˵Ψһİ취ǿ
ʥԺһֻһٶˣ޽ˣ˻Ǹˣһͬʣ͵ÿ
÷Ƕ׼ȥʱ򣬸ոոǴĵȴȻվڸ̨˵ȾߺͼȾߵˣ
ãȻ̧ͷǻʵʵߵ̨¡
ʦ˺֮󣬾˸̨
̨µ˲˵
÷˿ĭ֪ΪʲôԼŵʱ̣ҲҪʱ̡
һ̨ס
÷ĽǶȿȥǸ˵ĸͷǺܸߣҲǿ׳һЩϸ̨ڿ˶ԷĲԷƤѩף촽ܱ΢̨µˡ
÷Լĺֹͣˡ
ΪԷжÿΪԷֶǳ̬ңɼᵥɵ
վ̨ϵˣǳ̡
ԭòķʥԺͷҩȥģתͷһ롪̫԰ǲеĹȫøʥԺ𣿱ʥԺҵ鷳ͲˣҪԵ±Թôһ£
ˡ
̾Լģıûкá
ҲʥԺˡ̵߲ͣܽ˶
̣днǵķ
̵ᣬг˱ʥԺʥȲǣҿԡ
ǳճյ
̵𽥱СվԭزҪ˰ҩ͵ϣηá
˫ֺʮԸĸǡ
Ȼׯ԰˿Ѹٵĸĸûԡ
Ҳûк޳ܵԼһ
ûҪһ棬ûʱûҲһ档
̨µ˲֪ĸ˭Ĵ˵ֻģģľãԼҲһֻǲʥѡ
ǵĿų̣Ŀͳ뿪̨Ժ󣬿ŷҩ̴С˳̬ĸ֪ôҩ裬ְЩҩָǡ
ֵ÷ʱ÷˵ˣҵĸȾߣҲҪ
ΪԷһͷ𷢵ȴһ΢Цİҩŵĸᱣĸס
÷һΪԶʼ⣺ҵĸûŷĸ
ˣĸˡˣ˶ĺӣĸײΪӲͲԼĺӡ
÷ˡԭҲӻ
һ˵
ָһҪ㶫Ըӻ˵Ļ񣬻أ
÷κ̧ͷŶԷѾ˵õϢˡ
Ƕվ÷ߣ֣Ժ˽˵ĻȻӺ뿪ʥԺ
÷ȲܣĶװҩ衣
һ·ϱܣżתͷŶԷ۾
κ𣿡÷һһСʣ±·ߵҪӱ˸ô죿
Ƕ֣Ҫԣܱʲôĺá
÷ĸǸŮ񣿡
Ƕ֣ӦŮɣûô
ȻʥûԱ𣬵˻ΪʥˡΪϲŭһƢҪܶˣҴ˵кܶʥ飬սɱϲŭ޳
Ů࣬ȻǷŭʱҲẦܶˣ麦ᲢۣŮҲвٴƵ
ֻ麦Ȼ࣬ӻķΧ㣬ŷŮر١
ǶǺʵġ
÷Ц˵㲻ô˵Сʥͷ㡣
Ƕ֣ҲŲ£Ҫʥͷңͳͷˡ
Ͼÿֻȥһݣҳϵͽ
Ҫǰʥ˵вʥ˶ڷǸڡ
ߣϵ˲Ҳ
÷ƿ˷ţµĲƲĲˣΨⶰӣĸỤ̊ⷿ޵ĺܺãǰǻɼĵطôȥⷿɲ©磬Ҳ©ꡣ
ȹܵ¥ĸ׵ķ䡣
÷ĸ׻ûȫʧȥʶҪȴûʮ꣬׷Ѿĸˡ
ȥĶˣĸƫͷ
÷ȥһˮȥʥԺ
ĸЦЦʥ鲻ҵģҲϣϵ˵òꡣ
÷óҩ裬ˮľ׽裬ڻ
ʥ飬ʥԺһλˣ÷˵һλĴˣûһŷҲûһӣ̷ߣ
ǼߵˣϾʥԺҲֻʥߡ
÷ˮյĸ׵ߣ裬ȣλ˸ǵġ
ĸ׷ţһҩˮȹ⡣
÷ˮÿȷһҩˮʣ֮󣬲ŷ˺ࣺܶĸ͸ǵҩ
ĸԺʣĸ
÷һλŮȻҲ֪˭һλŮ񡣡
ĸãȻ˵ûŹ
÷С˵ҩǵĴ˸˵ĸǵĸףΪǲͲǣ裬һѵΪʱͲ𣿡
ĸ״ȰؿȻ͸ҵ
÷ץסĸ׵֣Сʱ򣬾ĸ׵ƿˣŷĸԭ
ѾˣֵΣչԼĸˡ
ĸһӻǵġ÷˵ɲʥôС
ĸףô˵
÷ǣˣȥϴ·˯ɡ
ĸױ۾ܿ˯ˡ
÷Ƕ⣬кܶ˺ͼͥõҩ
̾ôæһ£Űҩȥ
˷ҩ⣬кܶҪæרŵʳѾ׼ˣԭļϣټ˳ľŰ巿ôҲôȫڷ絲꣬ǰ¶켯У֪϶١
ܿѡӣطãҲ
ﻹʳʼҳ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ô
һվҲ͸ˣñռ˱ˣԼȴûռ˵ڱҪϻҲû˵Ҫڶ٣ռԺÿֻһЩƶͲ˴С
ɲ
ƶͲС˴Сļ۸
ǳԵͷͿʼ뾡취ϵʳˣõöˣȻͻ֡
˹¶𣿡ʳһд̻ܴ
ڱҲ֪ƾԼһ˶ٵģͰʳֵȫг
Ĵһʳֻ֣ʳԼ˰ʳᵽԼĳȥŴߵʳ֡
Ҳᵽ̯ÿ춼Ҫ˰˵թǣúͻȥһȣȻֻһǮ
ѹص˵˰Ҳ⣬ҪǮ
˵ɴ۾ôأ
ЦǺǵ˵ôܣҪΪҲŲʳ
˿ĭôˣ
˵ܰѻƶСļǮ
ںƽʱڲôǮϾʳˣʳͣȻ٣ףô˲ɵúۡ
ôңˣֻʳûǮ
æʼҲţڿĲ˰⣬ҲûҪǮҲŸ˵
Ҳ֪ڲǸԷʱ򣬾ʣҪô
ˣ򵥣
ָ֣һʱľ巿ȥǵǼǾˣڻпӡ
ǸССľ巿˹ȥ
ľ巿ǿأǸħ壬ôħ壬ħȽϡˣԸȥػܵ׶԰źһѧд֡
ڿڲֵʱ򣬳ֻ˵Ǽǡ
ܵľ巿ǰŵʱһܡ
סˣ߶µضص˵ˡǼǵģ˵ӲҲ˰
ش˸ǷһӲǣԡ
óһֽȻʣʲô֣
ϲˣҽпϣ
أˣ
ˣǰ˹ģ
صͷ˶Է䣬ȻöԷ죺ҿм
ϣԣſ죬ذѶԷȫһ֮ʣʲô̥ǣ
ϣˣҵƨһźɫ롣
ʵúϸ߻ұߣϻǳ£
ȶԺ󣬿زŰдֵֽԿϣ˵ߵĵڰ˼ӻûˣȥɡ
ϣû뵽ô򵥣
ʵ̫ˣ
ΪԼΣһԼĴȣȷԼܵʹԺ󣬲һλõԼֵǼӡ
ϣߺ󣬿һǵտʼʱ򣬾ü춼ûǼǣÿ춼˹ٸ棬Ѿһˡ
ٶȿؾúܿ졣
̾ûˡ
극ʱԿ˹˵Ҫٹ£ٸˣѰˡ
ԽԽ࣬뷨ԽԽ죬ʱ˹ضҪʹ֪Ҫʲô
˹ʣЩ˰ĺܸߡ
̳˿˵֪
˹أ˶죬˾͸ʳˡ
̰ǿȥû취ڱҪø߳гȰǺֻ˶ˣ˴֮˾Ҳְܳѹ͡
ҲһռӣΪ̺˿ˮʱ˶ˣ֮˾ϵйϵõġ
Ц˵£ٵǱߣǰʳļ۸񽵵ͣ
һȻͻסٰۣѲȡ
гܵõƽ⣬ǲʳ
ʥԺѾָʾȥ֧ԮˣʥԺʳв٣ҲֻʥԺĴ֮ǰ̣ˡ
ﲻٷ̵˶̾Ϣ
ôõһƻᣬѵҪôĴֱ߷Źȥ𣿣
ְ֣һȸߵվԼҵſס׵ȥ·ҪʲôҪˣ̺ܰ߼ۣЩչޣ
İְֻӿӣûưѵĶߣѾص̸ˣЩ̺ӺչޣԼӻʳԷ֪ߣҽڳ⽻ס
֪ʲôĸײԼĶӾÿǷƵĺûᣡ
ԴӼؽ󣬾;ȥתЩһƶܹһ̺ӵǮӶ
ôǮôͭҡ
ˮһ̵Ŀڴ
ĸܾܾջ
ʲôôȲĻƳγεͭҡ
̤Žţְ֣
ˣɣ֪˻ΪҰְ֣
ûƿѶ˳ȥöԷȲ˽ҪöԷ֪ӲҪǮ˰ôʳ
ȰסԼĸףǼһֱþӻ⣬̺չľȵȣõǼ꣬ﻹ
ΪԼĸֻǱʱͷԡ
Ȱסֻܸųһǣ͵͵鲼棬ֻ¶һ˫۾
İְôҲû뵽뾡취øʳ֪
ǱӵĶӸˡ
ʳȻûɡ
Ǹ˵ʱͽ˳ǣȥ˵ǼǣȻѻȥ档
жʱ򣬾һøǼԱһֵҪҪֿ⣿ӾľģʵҪǱ͵ô죿
ֿҲһ¾ʮͭҡ
ʮִ󷽵ˡʮͭҶѣһӾʮͭҡ
Ƕڳ˵ֿǮȻ٣ôҲջôֻҲǺżġ
һ汻Ǽǳȥ֮󣬳ŵģˡ
Ǹڴѩ֮ǰ뾡һа취Ūʳһʳͽ˲ֿ⣬ÿ춼Ҫֿ⡣
Щʳǳĸ
û˱ȳ̸ˡ
ſϱĶʳĹ㣬˹¶һõЦ
㹻ˡ
죬ڲǼĴˡ


105 
̺ǳһŰ, ɢ, ϵŨҲð̲, ѸʧŨı˲ͻ, ôôθڡ
ĳﲻǰȣ̵Ʒ˱صĲɫ
Ҳûп, ûϽ, ǸɰͰ͵İԼӲܵĺҲǲ֪˶õĳ⡣
ﻹһʳڲ, һͷţĴϷѪѪϺΰͽ裬ȻԣȻѪζֱܹά̲ųһھ³ˡ
Ǻ̰һĳʱ;ÿֻܳЩԼ̲˹
ڳ̾ͿŰ, һ̲ˣԵĲ, ڲ϶Կ˹˵﹤ͦġ
ֵص٣˺ܶ࣬ϸ, ʯľ𽳣н𽳵ĵλߣʯĵλͣʯͷӵˣľͷȻܾã۵ͣҪʱҲ٣ʯתͳ˵񹤣ɳʥԺҪ⣬ܽӵĻǵĹ
ڳ˹⣬ͨ˼ҵòʯ
õһڹײģõľһ鲼߹ᡣ
ʯҪôתˣҪôֻܶŶӲš
𽳾Ͳͬˣԭһŵܣרһ𽳣һЩƷλ𽳵ĵλʿҪߡֻҪϲֻǸˣҲʿĲϡ
˹ضʳһûκȤбϣڷһƤֽװ飬˳ų̵Ļ˵ûʲôɡ
̣ҡ
̿˹أڿʲô
Ҳ֪˹ǴҵⱾ顣
˹أʮʿһٶ
̺߹ȥվڿ˹صı°͸ڿ˹صļϣȥƤֽϵ֡
ⱾƤֽϼ¼ʿ
ֻʿϸļ¼ǵĸ˭
ֻ֣м֪ͬ֡
̣˵ҹôˣûʿǼ
ϾҪӳǱ조ʡ͵Ҳþڴϡ
̽Ħ˹ǱƤʿأôãûһʿӰӣǶˣ
Ħ˹ڹɵúܣʲôʲôˣȲûб¸淢ֻ̣˵ĸ淢ˣҳɹˣܵõʲô
ίµĹǸûйܼ𣿵ʱ֮أ
ôĹܼңȥĶӣҲ˵˲ˡ
˵棬˵ǱˣĶȥˡ
Ҫû˹ܼݣ˭һţһĭ
֮£̷̷õѡ
ٳ̴ֻǸͣҳ̲˽ҪԼİ
ֻҪԼץסᣬڳǰվȽŸöԷ޷Ժһ֮ǰѹ
һЩܣܱȫûܺá
Ħ˹С˵ʿǰסڳǱģԴʧ֮Ǿ;ȥ
üͷ΢壺ȥĶ
Ħ˹˿ĭԺ
̣
֮ǰôأǶоȥѰ֣ʧҲ֪ҲǣʿϾǹᣬˣ˵ܹѵҲҪĶܵѵ
˳ÿǵĸǵ͵ȵоǸߵȵĹ
ҪǹĶӣ̳в˾λֻܵʿҲһʿλߣ˵ʿʵǹԤֻۣǵʿʱ䣬ɵعһţͻһ飬дͷλʿΪ壬ʲôλȻдء
ʿͳ˹壬˵ԭ̷Ĺλߡ
ЩʿΪصģЩ˵Ҫ
̾￴һ֮ӡ
ҵĹ࣬һֻ־꣬ԹĶӣǸûϣ̳оλСӣǲСģ˼ҸԼϰдţһӾ̶á
˹֡
Ħ˹æ˵˹ӦþڼԺ
ûм֣ʣ󣿡
Ħ˹ʮˡ
ഺڵˣǿ⡣
Ħ˹С˵˹شԭ뿪ģعȥ
ȵʿҪ˼Ҿ㰤һٴ򣬺ôгסֻҪλҲҪϳȥ
ֻûǰ̶ѡ
üʣôûȥ
Ħ˹һԺиŮˣˡ
⻹Ǹˡ
̸ˣΪ߶£ΪʲôѶԷ
Ħ˹ˣ֪Ժϰǲ˵ľ˾ˣĸ׵׸磬˹ش˼ʿĶӣΪһŮľ˾˷
οǮƵ˶ˣҪǶԺô⣿Ħ˹˽ЩϾҲȥֻûй̶ˡ
̿ۿ˹ء
˹֪ʲôһε˵ȥǾȥɡ
Ц
ʱڵļԺûмʶأ
ǰС˵ǴԽ֮Ҫǲȥһ˼Ժֱ˼˵ԼǴԽʿ
ҪĿĻǰȺʿǾ
ڼԺģٵŮǰźĹصһԺ򵥣ܲܰ˸ϳȥԺɣ
ʱԺţӾͿš
̺Ϳ˹ȥԺץˡ
ǸϵļԺܴһ¥˽Ǳһ⣬ռȳǱѷɫĴϵ˸ӵĻƣǽ߻˻Ȼ컨ݶѾήܴӸɿݵĻ֦Ͽô㡰ɫ
Ůڽſˡ
ǵĴ粢ô֦չֻ˵ǿͷ·Ҳôֻûвѡ
̬ȻôãȻ飬Ȼ⡰ˡԸ
ո߽̾Ϳһ뺷ļŮƵڵϣԷͷԼȹ
ƫͷ
ضԿ˹˵׼
˹޹رʾܿȴ׼ҿ
̣ԣ
˫ֱ׳
˹Ȼų̵ó
ŮǿԺæ˵ϵĿ棬ΧסôŵصȹӣŬԼһЩ
ˣ𣿡
ˣл裬кöʵ⡣
ǵЦʮģҲȻôЦʱ䳤ˣȻҲȻˡ
γû淢СŮȺŮôҲʮˡ
ʶס˿˹֡
ŮˣǷӦҲѸ١
ˣҪеŮģһļŮʣҪ˶һЩģжʮмˡ
̲㱻ԼĿˮǺסȻˣ
֣һ˵ǽȥ˵ġ
ҲûпóһСͭңŮϣȥ˰ɡ
ŮӹǮһ߾֪ж٣ϵЦ࣬һΧų̺Ϳ˹صŮǾɢˡ
Ǽȥ·ˡ
̸˹߽ԺĴţп϶û⡣
Ļôɪɪðڳһջ̬
˹ûʲô뷨һ֪Ժʱ򻹾þ棬徹ȻܰҲһ⡣
Ԩ֮£ŮħҲǿ׳Ǹħ̣ҲҪͬ࣬µʱ򣬾ͻѡΧãǿħ巢ϵǿ׳ĺӡ
Ȼں·ԺͻԼĺӡ
ΪѡǿԭЩӶܻȥܻ
ܶħ壬һŮħ巢ϵ
˹أ˼
թգǵӺܴ嶼Ҫ
ΪݴмȲģҲصģҲѾվˡ
̸߽ȥһ߿ǣ߳ʮᣬɫĳ΢΢·¶˴Ƭѩظ۾ϸ촽죬ϻкɫӡǡ
λˡһ˫ϸų̡
۾һıɫų̵ʱóһֶԷĴ
߹΢ЦʣҪʲôŮˣˣ
ָҪȥ̵죬ȴ˹ֱ۵סˡ
߿ۿ˹ء
ȻŻȻ˵ӦòҪġ
תһˡ
˸߽ȻͬĸӺܸߣȿ˹ذ㣬Ľʵֻһһ鲼ף¶ظķɫҲһͷɫ̷۾ɫƫأ䣬㡣
΢΢ͷˡ
̧ͷЦԶκ¡
˹ص촽һֱߣǳ̱סĸ첲ŭƽϢ
̰ڰ֣Ҳӵģ˵ġ
ЩȻܿ췴Ӧ˲任˱飬ƺոǸһųЦ˲ʵ˭
˹˵˵
ˣʿӦڷ
ˣһ𡣡
˵ıƺЩĽ
˹ܳǸݸ߹ˣһʿ֮ӣȴһŮŮ壬Ǿ飬Ǳģ۲ƣʱѰԶҲˮ۱ѵԸԼͷ­
Ժĥ˵İ취Ҳнİ취
ϰʮչһҹ֮ˡ
ɲԸֺˣǹӶı飬ƺֻǵͼĳ棬ˣΪ˼ԺͷƣһǧֻΪ˸һҹ
˹ʱ򣬱ǰ쵽˰
ǹ֮ӣϰ嵱ȻҪܻӭͷ
ȻСӾ׹밮ˣ˰ҪȢϰ岻˹Ѱߡ
̫ܻӭˡ
ĴˣԭĲĻ֮һ˾ܴޱȾ޴棬һ۱裬ϰǾ׷ֵġ
ǰ˹ֻ˶ΣóԼл˴ʶİÿһҹĽ˵ףʿÿ쵽ĳҲֻ°һ¡
췿ŵʱ򣬰˹ڶ԰Լİ⡣
Ǹʮˣ԰һ飬˲ԸǿԷôʱ䣬Ҳֻ׷ûж԰ʲô
ˡ˹ֱܾһΡ
һįߵſڣﻹ˵ǻ𣿣ʲôߣ
˹򿪷ţȴûпʱߣǿһˡ
üͷҲҪмˡ
̣
ֻǳ̻ûݺݴԷԴ˹ͱһɿݺȥĺײ˹ϣӵļǵıģ˫ȹڵϣһʱֻһ־ؿſڡ
̧ͷվĿ˹ء
˹΢Ц첻̫ɾ
˹ƽʣҪͷε𣿡
̣ǾͲˡ
תͷ·˵ʲôû
һ˲䣬̵Ŀ
Ժظһ飺ʲôҲû
Ȼһãʬ뿪ˡ
̺Ϳ˹߽䣬˹˳ֹš
˹ڵϣûӦʲôıۣ۵ֺһʣ˭֪˭𣿡
ߺ͹Ǹͨˡ
ӱߵİǸŮ飬ھԼͬȣǶһ޶עĿġ
ͷǳɫǳƫף£ȴ᷺⣬ͫǽɫģͷһЩĽɫȴǻƽɫĴκ촽ƫǱ׼Ķ쵰Ρ
ʱ˿̣ƫͷһ䵭ؿų̺Ϳ˹ء
ƺһɱգһ۾
̳ԷЦЦҲģġ
̿۰˹
˹ò׻ŭɶʣ˭Ǳ˭ģҸǣҪǸҶңҰְ־ԲŹǣ
׺ݵһƥǣֻơ
̳߹ȥڰ˹ǰ£ҽг̣֪а˹ǹĶӡ
˹˿֪ͺá
̣˳һ£ǵ
˹ɵˣأˣ
ȻѸٷӦҲôµ㵽˭
̵Ǻϵ˵ȷʵˣҲûеõҵֻǿû͹ֶѡ
˹ɴ۾㡢Ǹȡһǣ㲻óѵģ
̣ģΪǹĶӣΪ˲ùԼĶӲˣȻ鷳ҵȷţҪҵߣڿһס
˹Цˣǲģ
̣ҿ԰Ѱӳȥ
˹
һֱһ䵭װƷһߵİҲվ
Ȱ˹˵ɤɳƵʣ˵𣿡
̣ȻҽӹԺҲӦҹϽϰǲľ˾ˣɲҵľ˾ˣǮûʲôϵ
￴˹
˹ʱ;Ҫչա
ּ˼˹һİŮ˵Ըʵֵˣ𣿡
˹ʮ꣬𼤵͡
Ŵն˵ֻҪðɣҾģ
΢Ц
Сӣÿư
ԣ
ԼҲСӣ


106 
˹ˣЩһȥʿȻҲ, ÿʿа˹Ժյ, ĸǹĸһ֮Ů, ᵱʿֻΪе, ˳µĵõλ
ʿݲôߵĹĶ, һûܳΪʿ֮, ǳǵõĻⱲӶӵоλ, ̳оλֵܸǲͬĸǴ뿪һ𣬾Ҳزȥˡ
˹иĸ֧֣ÿ궼յĸźǮٴִţҲ̫ȣԭĲҪϱ˵Ϊʿ, ˵ֻһݴĿˡ
ûоˣԵ, ôã˹Ų֪һм֣һᰢָơüëжٸˡ
˹Ժ, ÿ춼Ҫ뾡취ȥ̣ҪгŵѰȳ
Ƕһ죬Ҿ˯žԲ·˹ִߴûãϧ˺Լ壬ʳ顣
̲ǲгŵߵɵһ˵ȾȥѼԺˣȻ湤ȫųųףôòŽѡ
ųȥˣЩԭǮڵˣû˹ܸʲôأ
ڼԺ˲ȫһǱץסԺȥģǶҲ·ǷծŽȥģȻҲϰġ
߼Ůм˲ײһϽͣǿ˵̫߹󣬷ǻѡˡ
ãǽͼԺƽ֣ԺΪĳλǮ˵ˡ
֮Դǲģȶͨ˶úá
ҪһǼԺٮٮߣͷеͷơ
ԺͨԱûͳʮ꣬ѾΪּѸٵĲ˳һߣֻܹӲдǵĽһǱϳȥȻҲ·زپҵ
ֻǰһҹԵõʮͭҡ
ϳȥ֮һҹͭҾ͸ллˡ
Գһ߶Ű˹һÿϰѼԺϰԺϰϱֹмԺһҵԺȷʵǮĲҵ֮һҺʺ£ˣʡ˺ܶ౾Ǯ
Ǳ˹ȥʱΪԼȥǱ
̲׼ֱӰϱŪûҪһôԴͲҵˣĺôȳĺôгͰǣֻҪ֡
ڼԺ̲׼£ƶĶӰҪͶ˻УΪˣҲ֪ǽסģִôûнɾʱˡ
ҲֻûС
ϱǱģȥ˻Ħ˹ôҲ뵽Ħ˹ֻ̰С˵ˣȻеѾȥϢȥ
ϱĸߴȻ󣬵ȴܽͣ˫ƣЩ۾ȴϵĴ۾ܱ˳һƯѣȴǵ۾½ëֳ־
ֻϧһˮֵġ첲ǿ׳ᣬ˵ϸ֧ܲصϰ
һģ߻˲ٴ֣ȫǳ֣׳
Ħ˹Ҳͷһθ򽻵̬ʮֹ
ϱûʲôԣֱ̣ŻķӦǱ˻ˣǸúŪûˡ
¡ˮò˵һҽܡ
ϱڰ֣ˣòͣӦ˵µɣ
ЦЦϢͦͨġ
ϱ˫ƯĴ۾ų̣ڷӦһ˲ˣӵпµҰĺһУô赲ȫĿˣĵˡ
ϱûʾˣҪɱң鷳ܶģߣ鷳ࡣ
̣ɱ㣬ʲô鷳˻㱨𣿡
ϱ۾ҵĲҵܶ࣬н죬ҲҵĹͣˣûнֵˣʧȥ֪Ҫҵǵĳˡ
ף˵е
ϱǸı㣬Цеģ
̣Ҳôں
ϱ˼롣
̣ҲŸսѣҪǲɣҾͻ˵£ֲǷǵ
ҲЦ·ģأ
ϱ̾˿ˣҪʲô
Ȼвûãǻ̸װɡ
̣Ĳҵһ£ļҲƣһֶҪ
ϱڵѪȴҪ˵˿ǿ
Це˵ÿңԼ֪
ϱĿ佱Ҳ˵ˡ
Ȼ̬һתˣҪģҶܸϾˣҪٶĲҵٶǮҲûʲôá
̣Ļͦ͸
̣ǾڳǱסɣһбҪʲôҪģֱӸĦ˹ˣ죬㡣
ϱ֪ҪԼҲڳǱѣŵʱ̻Ĳҵ߼Ҳ˽ǡ
жٱ֪Ĳҵжٱ˲֪ġ
ڣܡ
̽ȰѰ˳ð˹ÿ춨ʱڳǱ𡪡ʳ죬úûȴŭҪĥ˵Ķ䡣
ǸƯŮ飬Ưһ޶ûƯǾϸ˵ûһ˿ҲûκιʣǸԻȻ˯ľżˡ
ûȥĵط̾׶
ΪﲻԸ˹סһˣȻͲٱȸĳ˴ͬһڡ
׶θų̹⣬Ǳżʣʤţͬ嶼ĥĶˣͳû˹ĸ˳ӣ˷ֵʱѾһ·ֻܰˡ
ǵĶٻгɹģ׶ڿֻٶˣôߣȻֵ֣˵㣬һ;
׶ҲðﳤƯ鶼Ư׶ֲ֣ĸ￴ԼĶ䣺㿴Ǿ𣿡
Щ㵵Ŀ׶Ķ䣬ҡҡͷ
׶ֻкôģҳȥߣû˻ΪǾץҡ
ɴ۾׶Ļǳеûʲô׶˵ĸеˡ
ǰҲ׶ڵӣ϶ץҲȥԺ
ͿԺһǿɵɭﱼܣÿֻ㹻
̷ְʳˡ
Ȼûʱ侫ȥ۲찢ÿԶٶθڴģĦ˹òˡ
ôһĦ˹һ𾪵ضԳ˵һپͳԹˣ
̣
һķǱʳķ
Ħ˹ֱۣû뵽ôܳԡ
׶϶׶ǳ¡
Ħ˹ȥ׶Ű˷ʳ
׶ʹŰȥˣٳԶ٣ԭݵûİսܿչ
Ҳûȥܣڳ࣬ȾߵˣֻҪرأȫŧ֣Ѿȫˣһ߻Ǵˣʳ⣬ֵӰ
ȥû˵ķͳƳȻԭȥˣûм̳ˣ£ǿ԰ѷջġ
Щͳƺ֮󣬳ȥƶߡ
ƶߵߣĻܶ˼һӣӺ˵ֶ࣬һԲӣһʮˣЩҩԾȵģҩܾȵģֻȺжȵĲˣضȵľȲˡ
̾Щۣһ߿ż¼Ƥֽһ߿˹صĻЩƲֵ˵Ҿʲôŵġ
ںȱˣȱεõˡ
˹ų̵ı
֪Լļ֣Ըħı£ȰʣҪʲô
̣һû뵽
ׯ԰ʱΪׯ԰СһһΪĹܼңԲôɡ
˵£Ϊ˵µ˶Ĳˣִׯ԰˲˳͹ׯ԰ûʲô
ڣ˹¶һйغϰ׶Ѿȷ˵طܵϽơ
ʲô˶УҲ
ǳΪֹս
µܼ򵥣ҪǵôƾɵĹأǾͺˡ
⽨ʱڣԪ峯ͳ߶壬ҲͬĲ
ƾѶ̫󣬳Щûġ
һȻ뵽̫档
͵ū಻ࣿ
˹أûмء
һĴȣôˣ϶Ҳū
¿ϣũΧУôǳԵĵԼôڲ
£ȥҿϣϢɡ
ҴҵشЬתڿ˹صĴһǣȻͷһܳȥˡ
ȨϷĸĵһ֧Ӿ޹ߣ޹ūģ˵׾ū
ūƽһһУѹȵ˾ֻܷһƴ
ûʱūǿһϣˣֻҪһܣǻ᲻ץסأ
˴ӡ
ӾūѾκ˲ˡ
ôҲû뵽ô˻ķţæųһȥ鷿
̾ȣҪūū
ûôȻľԺʣˣʲôô𣿡
̣û֣˸ҵ𣿡
ŴЩѹֲסŭ˵Щ˺ūǶǺöӦȫɱˣ
ڿϿЩ˲̵Ļ½̶ġ
óõ˭ʥԺˣӦöԳ̵ͷǵҲ̵Ļ̶Ÿɡ
̰ڰ֣ʲôģǲҵҲ
ͨҪԷҪҪСˣС밲ȵǮҪˣҲΪ档
ǵĹǼܣûˣǾ㲻˲㸲Ҳܴ
Ƕģͨ˵ȻҪվǳԱ˵һ
ūǣֻǱȦġ󡱣ǲΪѡˣ̣ǸʲôǾ͵øʲô
̣ȥˡ
ȥ˵µĵؾţͷ˽ӹһЩ
ҪЩڱūۣѹȵūһġ
Ǿǡԡ
Ѿ֪ħĴˣʼĵ֮ͻָƽѾ򶨵ħˡ
ϵͷõģˡ
ħǸ·ٶȺܿ죬ʮ·̡
ǻûͻǿԲ߲ݡ
õǸСӣЩħѾֳ˶ʮһӣСȫǶѸ٣ųģõԺûκͣ٣ҹͳˡ
̵ڶҲ뿪˳Ǳȥݷ˳еū
ūרūģǿɲͨ˷ӣԼĽʲôūܲ
Ҽǧūܴ롣
̽ݷõģһд׵ū
һźʵһǸصˣų̲ιׯ԰԰ﵽūԳ˵һؽѣȫū
Ϊūģ˺ĸҫԼĲ
ЩūǲƲǽǮ
̾˿ڳ⻹һׯӣū࣬ΪߵԵʣѾĲˣūãˡ
̿Ժū
ûţͷˣǵؾǰˡ
ףؾͰ˶֪Ҫţͷ˸飬Ǽ۸ɾͲˣ鲻ץţͷΣڵĴǣţͷˣɻʵ
Щ˵ʱ򣬲ǵˣһ
ţͷ˲ˣֻһͷţ
ףˣ׼Щʲôū
̳΢ЦѡһЩؾͰˡ
ţͷ˺;ļ۸̫ߣɸ
û뵽꾹ȻǸˣڳòķϣûгԷ˵ҲֻܰȽĻûʲôô翼һ¾飿
̰ڰ֣Ҽо飬Ҫٶ༸ˡ
ףԼѡɣҵ˰Щū˸͹ȥǶʱʱǻԼū鷳úܡ
ֺ˼䣬̲ׯ԰мĲƺϡ
ûƬ߲Щվ£ЩڲݵϣЩūƼݣһ֪Բӣհݣܶһ֪˲޹⣬촽ѷס
˹ڳ̵ߣ̻һȦ̾Ϣǿҡ
˹أû㣬ׯ԰ЩūǸҡ
ǰūǻЩϣһ˰ȥŰǣɻзԣԲҲܻš
ׯ԰Щūһ죬ͺܿΪʳȱϵ
̿һվߵĵؾڿ
ūǶ֪ѡǵĿˣͷΨǸؾĿбӵĿ
ΪԼ˵ڶӡ
ŶԷ˹ȥ
ֻϧǸؾûдӵĵӣһ̳ԼæڵϣͷŲݵأٲ̧ͷ
̾ӸµĿº͵ʣԸԸߣ
ʵ޻ĻŶԷߣܳԱ·첻ᱻ
ߣ
ؾļͣܺ¡
⺦Уһؼ
ؾ̧ͷ̿һ۵
ؾǸ꣬ûбôĪɤ˵ˣҸߡ


107 
ſڸıϣѾϰ˵, Ĺι, Լ䶼Ҫˣֻܵͷ, ԴʵƤë
ƤëҲů, ӾȫԼ˫ֻץŸĳë
Ǹ˼·, ҪǻóԺ, ҹҪϢܰгʱһ롣
һĵؾǴѡ, ǵؾǿ׳ˣİ㶼ǿһҪǣʰֱӸӳ˳ǡ˿ħʱ㱻֮⣬ʱ䶼ֵĺܳȡ
Էʱ򣬲ͬСʴӣǡʲô
Ǹ岻ͬСū, ĿֻһСأû˵ʲô˵, ֪ϻħ塣
ӳſ򵥵ؽһ£ħ壬ܱ, ͸ǻһ
ͬ壺
ͬӵĽͣΪһӼΪ̫Ϊ̫ԭƲͬʵǳ
Ȼɵĵؾȥħ죬һͬظԷ˵óҲûʲôǳҲ󡣡
ħǲԣΪȺƤСӳԴʲôҩ
ħԳ󣬷ôԨ֮ҲǶʵģ˭ȭͷ˭
Ӹǰû˵ħڣȲôǿҲôڲͬħһûжɫӸദʱ䳤ˣȻҲЩꡣ
Բԣ·ʱ˳ֻҰȥëƤԺ󣬳ϢʱԣһΣҲζˡ
ӽһȣл
ȻѸٵذֻûļɾˡ
Ӹڹϵ𽥾ʧȥ˶ħĿ־֮ģЩʣ·ʱܴԣ
ĵؽ̫ͣܵ죬ײϣҾͰץסˡ
·ǵúúø·ģ۾ײϣҲŹ
ӣиǹȥʲô𣿡
ǼĵؾҲһһʲôɵĻټѣǰǵɽ𺣣ֻҪȥƤգһ¡
˿ˮǱߵ˲˶Ÿɡ
ѵõĸͬķӦһݺݵ˵ƾʲô֮ǰ׼ôҩ裬ȫǣһ㶼ж
һڣʲô⣡
ûףǱߵ˲ǹȥʲôã
ǴԼԼ̫Լͬˡͬ嶼޴־ֻúùӣûʲôҰģţͷҲ簫ɣǴµĹҪôֵأҪôǿ̿
֮Щ̫ҪӵĻ
ǰ˹¶
˿ĭѶȲøӰͱơ
ȣ˵˵˹¶ūܶ࣬ǹȥ˹¶ūͻ
ãؿŸҲãĿãһ𣬶ָŶԷԼɽ
·⼸죬ÿ춼˼˼ͷûס
̫ˡ
ֻһܽᡣ
ħǵĸ·ٶȲСڴӾԼȫĹͷҪɢ֮ǰ˹¶ھ˹¶һ·ĵطħǱΣӰó·ϣȻһ˺ƺƵĽ˳ǡ
˵˹¶˲Եؾţͷİ˹¶ĳУÿ춼вūڽϱȥɻǶԴĵؾİ
ǴıƽҪá
һ£ûһҸƽʱܼūͬǵһͺܽʵūֻʣ¹ͷһƤҲû⣬ǻƤǾһ߻ãҪǰҹΪǸմӷصˡ
һ˽ǣȻϡΧ
ͦţñ˽ſʲô෴úܽ
ȷʵǸūǸµˣעһӶֻܸ򽻵ڣǿ԰ͦأڽϵɵģ꣬ɵġ
·ߵ˺ڵĴţЩūôû
ūû˿أ
ǿǹûãҵ·϶в
λ˵ū
ؾֵúúöԴū𣿡

ˣͬҲˡ
һ㶼
ʮֽ
ƾԼŬΪģЩƽöá
ڴԱߣǹűһʲô᲻Ȥ޾ɵӣС۴·ҡҡλΣǵԺ˸Ƿ۽ǣŶԴ˵Щ˻࣬ˡ
ӵͷҲôá
ԽǿǱΧ۵˾Խ٣Ӻܿ챻쵽˳ǰ
ڳǱ˻ԭ̷ЩֵΣҲãԳ̵̬Ҳ㹧æҲͲ׼ʱȫˡ
Ҳû̫ϸԼȥϴ˰·ϵĻ΢Ժȥ鷿
ϲ̸£ӹ΢Цų֣
ʲôʱܹô顱Ļӭһʱ֮䣬·߲ˣҲУôԵɵɵߵǰ
ļ򣺡׳ʵˡ
¶һɵһЦݡ
̣ˣһˡ
΢΢ӲſվڳĵؾؾȴӻһЩʮֲۣվڳ̺ûܷ
̽ܵû֣Ҵūġ
Ӵ˼ǸСؾöԷûʲôģԼһǰƤԼǿ׳ͺСƻûʮꡣ
ӺȻĲ롪˸ׯ԰ʱҲʮ꣬һˣô˵Ǳ˿ųģ̵ģϵЦݾ͸ɵˡ
̶Դ˵ﻹкܶū
վֱ壬֪Ҫˡ
Ҫøϸ㣬ŲṼ˵ɻأĽģȻ˵ôؾΪʲô˷Ҫأ
תվؾ˵ȳȥ
ؾҲʣʵʵͷȥˡ
鷿ֻʣ³̺ʹӡ
Դӣ̻ǺεģǸúӣʱͺܺã£˴ҲûήҲһСŬȡֳ󣬲ӹɣǳ̵ĵϵ
ׯ԰߳ˣ̶вһ֡
ǵ˲̫ôСȥ˵ϸ˵ʲô
̣ҪǸؾ
ӲԣܲһʶֵʦİɣԼʶˡ
̼˵Ҫ֪ʲô׵ؾûǸ塣
ɵ־
ǽ̲ģΪûľ壬ؾҲᱻ˵
ֻдӣصģʶĵؾܰⱦ־塣
ӻǲ֪ʲôɣҲɡ
Ǹؾʲôأʲôô
ðźϹɲǸһؾӵʦģ
Ĵӵļĳ˵϶ҵĵ
ӵͷˣһģ
οسЦεˣҲ
仰Դ˵ԻԵͷؽᣬȥʱԼƶϣϹɵЦһֻһֻᡣ
Ǳǿؾ⸱ӣһС˵治֪ʲôˣȻһؾ˵ôõĻ
С㡣
Ǹ˵Ȼѹˣһ޵˵˾ûʲôɫ
ҲӽΪԷλߵˣΪԷһżȺÿƽʱҲƢΪͣϵжĿõġ
רʳһͣȻ˹ܳԵţЩڳǱ˼ʵ۾ˣÿϵӿô˵ġ
ǸڷˡΪһˣʮĲ֪ܣÿ춼ͬͬһĲˡ
ǶӣĴ̵Ľݾ
Ϊ˹غͿڣǸûл̵ķ䣬ֻܱ˵Ự˹غͿϡ
ǰĲˣȻŮͨԣߵĶŮˣǵȻûб뷨
λֻһˣǵ˼ͻˡ
˵Ǹп˹صĳôÿ˻ܿ𣿡һ̲סʡԼҸоʵ̫ˣһò󣬵ҲÿΪʲôֻҪܽķǣһĴĴģ
С˵㲻ЩѵΪ˭˯˭ѵ˯Ķˣ
˶һģ͵ߵģʲôȳ˵ֻҪǳòܿģܵ֡
ǰߵŮ;ôɵġ
̵֪Ĵô˵ţ²ظ˹˵ȥ߰ɣڳǱҶƳëˡ
˻˲٣𽥱Ȼ䣬ûѩ·ϵ˻࣬ԭǸһĳǣȴı⡣
һλԽĳУǲҪ˷ˣԺȥҸʺĵطˡ
˹أϱ㲻ˣ
̺ߺ˹صĻס˹صڱǰװĳأŬԼһгǸĴˣϣڿ˹صĻֱǸմﲻõˡ
һʱ䡣ƲƲ죬ҿɲҰ¡
һҿ϶ű
̰ڿ˹صϣſ˹صҲü
ܷϱȥжңֻҪϱһ첻ȥֵµЩôҲߡϱϣ߲ˡ
ֻҪϱϱһ£˲ܳ߰˰ˡ
ҪţҲõȵѩ·ЩûߵʱС
Ȼϱڴѩ·֮ǰ鷳˺ܶࡣ
˵˵žˣʱ˹ر˯ůаȫУֻҪп˹ڣصԼİȫ
˹ص§ų̣庢һĳ̵ı
˹ûףǴʱ˿̣ȴƷζϸ׵ĸ̬
ų̳ɳȴϲ磬޲ó̱һСȥȷѪ꣬Ҳؿѡ
˹صͷڳ̵Ķͷһǡ
ɱжԳвˣȴֹǰߡ
ÿһΣ۵˯ʱ䶼ûУһ㲵µʱ޲ò˳̵Ը˴ߣȥĶҸû˵ĵطóɵĹӡ
ֻҪͷͺܿᱻԼֹ
ڳ˵۵صĹҲһֵֿĻҲֻվڳԼķʽȥػ
߿˹ٽᣬǱߵϱҲûö١
һϢòΪÿʳտ˶ǿϡˣܴӶԷõϢϾЩǰùĺôš
ʼ죬ϱô¡
ֻҪ֪ǲ׹ģʧˣͻҡ
Ҫ˼죬ǸСͻųȥȻ̸ס
ǸʱҪӶԷϺݺҧһɡ
ǶԷǰˣ˵ȥһ۶й
ֻһĿϣ˵ֻÿ찴ʱͳԵģٰѷľͰߣɾָ
ϱƶĸԷ˵տʼӶԷ˳Щʲô
ھǴԼ˵
ϣԷȻˣϱÿܳٷҪôǶӺҪôǺЩǳ￾ǳԵģ治СʯӺ۵ĸɱӡ
ϱܹ˵˵ĺѾһĥˡ
ưͣ˵ϱܻشӣĶһأڵӣĿһۣǲм
Ҳȥʰֱӳŷȥ
ϱ󺰣㲻ǸưͣǸɵӣ㵱ư͵ưͣʺԲԣ˹Ͳ֪ôǲǣ
ǰǲǱȹǼ
ϵճȭͷֱЦһʲôҾҲǿ
ϱԸˣϲǲľ˾ˣⱲӿˣԹʳȹƣĻ࣬ʲôͣӣֻŵˡ
Ϻ֪طӦңҺˣ
ϱ
ЦЦ˲䲻ˣǲ׵ģǲһ
ϱĶһǵʲôɾܵõһУʲô𣿡
ˣôúá
תͷӸµĿϱü仹ôư
˴ûǿʲôϽ˵ǶƾԼ־̷˵ģЩǵͼˣڴǶˡ
ǲᶮġϣⱲ˵£ǳΪ˴˵ˣ¡
ϱͷЦ
ϣЦʲô
ϱЦǶǴȻΪǵˡ
ԽԽãǸҪյˡ
ؿſϣȥԣǲ˵㵱ˡ
ҽ㡣


108 
̴ӿ˹صĻ, ڳǱ, ѾҪƳˣѾȲĴ·, 緹׼ջڡ
˹ڳѵһ˲۾Դȷ˹ϵԺ, ˹˯Ӳ·ʱӴ, ¶첲ʹظ, һֳֻͷڵ۾ֱų̡
ڻ·, ȫڷٶȰ·ϣҲ󱳵ԼҲƽֻ鷳ˡ
תͷֿ˹ػڴϣһһߴߴٵˣǳ緹ȥ, 㶼ڳǱ̫𣿡
⻰˵̲꣬ڳǱֻһ, ʱ˹ʱܳȥ
̣
ĹȻҡ
ȻûѩѾ͵ó̷ǵô²ɣԼһֻ, ֻֻܵԴȽСȥС˴˵·
˹¶˵µľ벢Զ֪Ϊʲô˹¶Ķȴ䣬̵ƤҲ࣬ûл˪Ҳûд󱦣ϲʲôµкƤǲүҲ
ֶʱ͵͵Ĵ׿㣬˵ãޣеɣԵ÷
Լɵÿˡ
Ȼȥ˰ѿ˹ص
̾˿ˣɾ͸ɰɣ˴ʱϴʹ⣬ҲûбĸصĻ
緹̻Ǽ򵥵ĳƬûŨǺȵˮԷʱ򣬿ϾվһԷֻҪпڣֻܸɿš
̿޾ɣ˵û˯ã
ϳһЦݣ˯˲õġ
̰ǲɾϢһɡ
ϵͷ̿ı飬ֻ˵ǣˡ
ֻÿϿˣϾʱһŲմأǿϻõܣ̰οʱͺˣ꿪Ҿͽйܼɼ˹ʱͲôۡ
̶Լߵˣ紺ᣬһػҲû˵
Ϊ˶ܼˣ̶ʱ򶼲֪ǰֵĹʵûܼҽѵ֮ǰǸʲôӡ
֮ܳڳҰΧڵˣһһɫ
ǳ̾;ߵˣɶ¡
̶Կ˵ҳԹ緹ͳȥҲԵ㶫ȥϢ
뿪ʱ̻㷿û¯ȥҷϢ¯̿ѻУɳ㱧ӹȥС
̶Կ˵ͷ
ϰͷȥֱ֣һ¿ϵĶͷԼĶͷжûзգпǸðüͷ΢塣
Ͻŵס˺˲ôüһüһ˫סࡣ
ûθðҩ̾˿ǸҵˮҪȵģԺ˯һĴҲҪһС죬úͨ磬֪𣿡
ءšһ
̣ҳȥˣúϢ
˵仰̾ſ˹뿪˳Ǳ
ֻʣ¿վԭأһһʯ
ſڵͲ֪Ϸʲôëֻ͵͵˸ۣʲô¶Ÿɣ޲ֻһͣ˲źá
ð뷨ʱȻһ졣
ѭȥֿϾֺ֣ݺݸԼһ⡣
͵ɴ۾ΪԼ˻þԼԼʲôë
̧ͷۿͨ죬ͷסԼôͱϱ˵ˡ˶ãȻɴ˲˿
˹ܼң뿪ǰܼҶ˵Ļ
ôֻͣһҪԵ˵ΣϹܼĮһǰϵһμʱһ
ֻʱĿϣһӣڳǱֻܸɴɨĻ˭Ҳ뵽һΪ͡
ԼҲû뵽뾡һа취ϹܼҵĵǶôûеŬȥȥסô࣬ôίͰۣߵ˽졣
˶̫ˣõ˴
ָԼһ⣬һþȫͨ죬
ϱƻˡ
ΪжҪĹû𡣡
ֻҪûˣͻ㡣
ʲôǡ
ϱ˵ѵ㲻һԣһ㵽ʲô𣿡
㳤ôÿû뷨ҿǸڷ˲һá
ԭ׽λӦġ
ҧŴûھι
İһôǰû繷ء
е޷Ŵ󡪡뵱Ĺ뵱ͣгһգȡ˹صλӡ
Լҹĥסȥ롣
һҹû˯ţȥ룺Ϊʲôأ
Ϊʲô
һԼǹϡ
õġǴϵôӦΪ˸еȥʿ˹أҲǰ顣
ֻϣܿܿ佱
κθ鵽˼£ܰĥĿȫǡ
ȣʣվſڵͿıӰ
뿪Ǳ󻹶Կ˹˵Ϻʲô¡
˹صЩ䣺ʲô£ֻҪбͷ͸
˹ضԳߵû飬˵Щ˾ǰ裬ǻƶĻƿ
ϸڳôã˹ҲֻǵöԷǸ𷢵ˣһòĿעų̡
Ҫǳ̿
˹͡
գգֻۣڿ˹صǳůһЩȵʣ㲻ǳԿϵĴ˰ɣ
˹תͷõ˵ô𣿡
̣ܣҲ̫ˡ
̾˿Ҫ㣬Ҷ֪ϲˣͷһٸİɣҿɲ
˹üͷ΢壺
ֺǺǵؽ͵Ǽһһһһֻ֣𡣡
˹أ
ͷһ֪͡
֪㡣̴ԲѵԿޣҲûõ˼˰ĵزϲңҲϲء
ǰͼŮͬѧΪ̫ãͬͬסһҪǸŮߵýˣһͻһݲǵеˡ
ǸԻǻύѣҲһϲĸǡ
ÿϴԼ̬ϵСΧԼʱˣеľעԼϣʱˣͻ
ټ
µĻΧȫǲ֪ϸİˡ
ֻܸӽܵڳߣֻܵõȫС
˲̫ˡ
̾ԼҪǴִܿԳΪһдʦ
˹Ŵͺá
Ҫǿһֱر֣˹ظôá
ֻҪѳ̲ͻ˻ɶӿ̡
̺ܿ챻ϵ̯עȵô֣
ԴӼﲻȱʳԺǺܿͻָ˻Ȼ£ӻҪģʳļ۸ȻʼǮѾ˳ȥȻҪ취Ǯˡ
һֵ߶̯ŸֶƤľͰٿ򣬻һЩװεС⣬ҪëʵľƣҲˣ˶࣬ȴ١
ϾҵǮˣֻǮ뻨Ǯ
ֻҪǱƷܲͲ
˾һļУ漫ˣſ˹Ⱥﴩ󡪡Ϊͷܣһ·˿վһ̯ǰȥ˰Ѱڵϵë
ͦģϸëҲˡ
ôǸǮˣʮֲƴ֣׼ЩëȫԲˣҪǶԷнãƣȻͻ˵£֯Ǻܿܰëëߣ֯ë²⡣
̯ӵǸˣһѾĥĲ͵ñӣܺƵسЦȻԳ̱˸ƣȫҪĻֻҪôࡣ
ң۸ɲˡ
̺ʵЩëģ
ҲӿɲǱ߹ġ
̣ɲ򣿡
ˣɲʲôǵãһӾܳ˲ȱԵģȱ߳Բ⣬ǿǶٶٶܳԵ
˵⣬ʶ˿ĭ
Щ˵ɲͶһĹң˼Ҽһнýȥɲ˽ʳ⣬Щϵ˹ˣûǮҲ֣١
ÿ껹Ҫô˰
˵Ľ˵˵Ͱýġ
̣
ȻԪʱڣƺΪԪ󶼵ĵשýӹء
ýͰݳޡ
̾˿ҪǶ˻߿ɲ˾ͺˡ
ףöԷԸֻ±Ӳſʵˡ
ʣˣëҪҪ
̯ɸǮëĽҲˣôëңò̫࣬еͲˣ̯ŵȵ˵һʼ۵ˡ
⣬ֻҪԷѹҲˡ
̣ҪЩҪ㻹Ūë𣿡
۾һҿȷΧû֮С˵ҼѶ˲ëˣ
Ȼ̯ӵë鲼࣬ʵϲһڱϣų̺Ϳ˹
⻹ǵһ֪ǵô࣬滹ôε˼ң߹հ˹գ̲㱻ĳζѬΣĿĵء
վһľǰһ˷š
ܿ˶ǸŮ˵˭
ˣңݶ¡
ľŷ֨ѽŮ˴ľš
ݶתͷԳ˵ˣɡ
Ҳ£˹ߵʱ֪־ôд
ӺܰΪûдסǽϴ˼ѷסĲ˺й͸Щ߲ܰյ̫
ҲվŮˡ
ͷͷסƤЩڣٲ㾫£һȴͦÿ˳һۣȻ԰ݶ˵˵ʲô
ݶ£һûë
Ů˺ɵʣҪôëʲô
̽͵ë̺֯ӡ
Ůˣһõô𣿵ɵ
ŮһɡǾӼҹӵ֣ϵĴܲضԳ˵Ҳ˭ˣΪʲôߣҾ͵û
̣
ëѣôڸɷǷ£
ݶ£ܽƵģѵҪôëµ𣿡
ܽ༥ʱĶҪôë϶ʥԺˣ㲻ʥԺˣҲ϶ǳǱﵱٵġ
̺Ȼʶʲô֪ʣǲÿֻһ˰̯ͣȻ̯λǮ˰
ݶºͱܽɫˡ
оڳﲻټ׼ȷ˵Ķټ
Ǯףÿ껹ô˰øǮȻҪǵĻ
˽¼˴Э飬ÿƽ̯̯λǮȻ쵽ȥĻͲؽ˰ˡ
Ǯø죬ࡣ
ҪǱץסͲˣþͿ֣þǽ̡
̷ȫ飬ûб׼
ܽеǵ鷳
һӣݶ˹ȥݶ±˸ţܻ˵Ҫ໰˸뵽
̿ۿ˹أǶӶԷ￴˿ЦõΡ
ǲҪȰ
жëҪ١̲ƴֵ˵ҪҲУҲҪǮͰոҸݶ˵õĸ
ǮóöңǶ𡣡
ϣǰë˳ǣӵġ
ݶºͱܽˣǿų̵ڿһɵӡ
ͲǮȴѻͳȥܽ˫ֻأų̵Ŀڳ̵ߣӡ
Ƣܺõ˵ǲġ
ܽͰݶͬʣɵ𣿣
̣ҪôС㡣
΢Ц˵ƭҵĻǳеģǮңǾòˣڿû˻ë
ܽʱ侲üʣ㴩ʲôôһͷܣ
̣¡
ܽҼ£ӣǱһ㣬ǱЩ
̽͵·㣬м޻
̲ʲôҪܡ
ܽ߹ȥߵýˣžĹ߿˳̵һԾ㳤ÿá
ȻѸپļҵСү
ͨ˿ûôõƤ³ٺÿֻҪҪɻ;Ƥ
̣ҲļҵүֻǸëͨˡ
ܽһҿɲţҿó˸ǿɲһ
ݶ£˭ܰëȥˣҼѾûǮˣòʳ˼ۣ㲻Ͳȥˡ
˵žҪŴߣܽ˭˵Ҳˣ
ݶתͷ
ܽ鲻Ը˵Ҳ̤ʵ
ðݶ¾ͷ¿
¿ԼѡĻ顣
ëȫҪܽԼͷҵĿɱһҪĸҡ
̣һ𣿡
ܽȻԼġ
ЦЦǾĸҡ
̾ʱ淶гһºˡ


109 
ǵƽܵ, ȻһŻź, Ǳմ״ʣ̵һùǺ꾰ǻ, һڳԵģһкܶɫ롣
Ͼعٲֹ, Ǵ̵㣬ȥǼ̵, ܱһЩС˻ԣ
Щ˵²ĹԱ, ĹԱ󲿷߱ʧ֮·, ̹ǮȻǱҪ
Ȼص˸λϣ˹ӹ򶼲ˣÿһȺȺڳε̯ϵĶþãֻ̯ܸŭԡ
ТǮһռΣȲ, ôǮ̶̯ñͿգԲ̯ʱֹ, ̯ؼңҲеӴģ·, ؤһڽͷС˵ԼлȽϵıˣȥס
Ϊңм۷ǳȶֻܽҪͭҵĶʮͭңֱһͭҡ
˵ԽѹԭС֮ңҲΪ֮ǰڸ߰Ԫˡ
Ƕ죬û֣ҲûжٿɹѡĹǶöǰǮʳӡ
·ϣǽǵˣôҲֻһ·һЩɲݱů촽ףҪ·Ǿͻȥץ·˵Ŀȣ߶һЩĻѾʧȥ˼
ֻһδ̧ͷϣʩһʳǮ
ʳǮá
ΪҪǮʳ
԰ѲʯӺĺǮкܶȥΪǵü۲ֻ̫࣬ԭ۸ѾӦˡ
˵ùҲԲ𷹣˱øСθ͡
ǹ͸ң˶ѭ
ȥһϰгС֮˹һȥ˽ֱߣַˡ
˹ؿ̱֣鲼ᵽԼϣûп̣ĿƽǰҲȲ˼ˡ
ֻ̣֪Ĳࡣ
ҪӵкüǣʱԴеʹĳֻ˵£ׯ԰ҲϣĲʳҲôˡ
ʥԺҴսڣԮǲܵġ
Գ̲ǿƵѹۣƽܲ˿ܣʱ˶ˣǾĴ±ˡ
̾˿ڲǼ۾ѾϢˡ
ϱĸҺ
죿Щʲôƾʲôģ
ħһвȥǱѱǻŻܡ
̱ԹȥҾҪѵ߶ˡ
˹ָ֪ʲôΪħȴٿģ˹ǹһĨ΢Ц
ûôͲӬһΧڳߣҡβ繷Կ˹˵Ǽ¡
̧ͷ˿˹һۡ
ôˣ̡
˹΢Цûʲô߰ɡ
ߵֽǣ·ֵס˳̵ĿȡֻǶԷѾûֻĹסȴֹκ˵ĽŲ
óһкõĺݵ˵ֱߡ
ԭѾ鸡ؤȻ޴ôӲȻҧˣûô׽ʽ˶
óľսΨҭ
˹һ˵ԽԼģ˻ͦ
һؤڴҪʳֻҪ΢е㶯ҡʳ֮ٳԣƾ壬סʳ
ֱܻߵҰս
̷һ·ЩؤǾֻҪзԣȫų̣Ҫûеӣǻһӵϰѳɾ
̵һ㶼ģ˵п˹أûУһԱ˵ĳԣܰЩؤ˦ں֡
˹תͷһȺð̹ؤʳ̣㲻Ǻ̰𣿡
õʳȴҪࡣ
ףҪǶˣƸǲɡ
ֻгԱ̸¸ܣ涼Աϵʱ򣬸Ұ޲ࡣ
̣ԱȥҪԲ˲Ҫ̰ģûе
˹ޱֿȺؤһۡ
ˣȺҲɲʲô
ҿûעͿ˹أԷȻµ֣Сָס˿˹صСָ
ûи˹ڴ֮ͥǣ֡
ԼİƽǣڽͷǼͨҲҸ¡
˹صһͰѳ̵
˶û˵̵ĶͿ˹ܵ£֪Ϊʲôʱ˿ָ̣ܵǸոʱĸо
ܿơ
̧ͷ˹Ϭĵͷ˵Ŀڿн㡣
̴ְͷȥûһ˵ĹԱܵòˣҵµĹԱ
˹ᡰšһ
򴽣úܸɣܿʡ
ǻȥɡ̵ָڿ˹صᶯ˶
̶֪Լôȥģָֻ֪ǵʱѾصԼķ䡣
ﾲĵģûеķϢȴĴ̣˷ĴֻмӴķ϶͸˿ĭ
ǵһˣɳȴŵĲͬͬš
ſ˹·
˹غܻչʾԼģʶ˺ܶϸڡ
˹صֱۺװ
˹صؼţָȴܺá
ĸԣҲбó̺ͣһͣ
࣬޹ģܱյĿռڣһϢᱻ޷Ŵ󣬸۴ʱ˿ˣԼĶƤΪǲͱˣǰУҲѾһˡ
ûʲô׸⣬̾ԼԼⱲӶ̫ܰѰ˿鸹ˡ
ÿʲһЩŬҲֻ飬ֻ̣һˡ
˹س߹̶Ŀ˹΢΢̱ͷһȣѸ̧ԼıӣãûѪ
ǰʱûѪڸĶˣҪѪҲ̫ˡ
˹رס˳̡
ҲܷĵİԼȫи˹ء
㡭ͷȫ˹֧š
ֽŲմصĸоûаȫУְȫеɥʧĸоԡ
˹Ķߵʣϲ
̵۽Ƿڳˮ˴˲䣬Ľűֱˡ
վڲӿĺϣûʱ˼ֻźһһα϶壬ĿֲԼֻܰȨһˡ
˹˵ͷ
Ժĵͷͱ˹ķ˴ݡ
𽥴ÿ񱩣̸оԼ궼ҪԷˣһͷҰȣͷҰʱ븹С
̱۾
Ӿй٣֪ſ˹ء
Σգ˳ԡ


110 
ʱͷǣƨɻ, һߺſ˹ض˵ˮ, һ߷ÿ˹ؿԼĺ󱳣Թȥ, Ҫ߸ߣ㿴ҵı, ⶼ
˹ص̵ָĺ󱳣Ƥȫڴֲǽĥĺۡ
ûƤ, ҲûѪ, һĻ
˹صĺ¹Ҫǹ˼ų̵塭
ûҩ, ̷߷߲ƽ롪ĲãҪǰһ׵׳˿鸹ȭͷɰ˭滹˵أ
ڳ̾Ҫÿ˹ʶʱıϺȻʪ⡣
̣
Ʒʽɲأ
̣´ҵǽϾУξ, 𡭡
һЦֹס, ˡ
иôָĿ죬ٹСʱ
˹ڳ̵ıһ, 촽ұҲ˺ۡ
̣
˹صЦ⣺ץġ
̣ûָףôܡ
Ȼȿ˹ת̱죬ÿμָ׶ָ׺ƽУܣû뵽ôָ׶ս
ָ˵ʦͨɾ׹צ
Ȼڲܶ̾͸˹Ա£Ҳûܵٵ˰
ЩϾͲ˵ˣ¶æýŲմأħҲȫǵٵĲϣֹ٣ҪϣܰסһŴԴ㲻Ҳ㹻һʮ
̾Ǵ̫ˣҪ֮ǰҲûⷽ˲š
̣ԣû֮ǰĻҲûĻᣬû
߶߶˹ڳߣҲ÷ų̵촽һһϣЩԳİָ쵽̵ߡ
Ļӿ˵أҡ
˹صľ̫ãȻħû˺ö١
һΣȻ죬δ
ڶΣԼʮ㣬ս
ΣˣûͿգ۵òС
ĴΣȫ¶ۣԼСֵܣʹҪ
ɼС˵һҹʮǶôĴڣƶҪĥ룬οġ
Ψ˹츳Զ棬۶ٴζǵһΡ
ܿԵС˵ǡ
˹أȻûкʵѡȥɣʱһӦû⡣
۾һ˵ţǶ಻ðҪ㡱
ȻôȫټЩʿ۾ϣóҲÿ˹ǵĳë
̴Ӳɿ˹صı¡
κʱڣǳǿߵģĽǿ̫ˣֻҪ˹ذǿչʾһ˶ɢ
ûйԱڹ߶Ժ󣬰Ѱ˹еԼķ䡣
˹ܲôԴ뿪ԺӵǱԺͲӴˣÿ춼һӽİᰮǸӣֻǵʱˣˡ
Ͼǰڰʱûиʲôɫ
ĵǣĶˣɰﻹǲᰮ
ʮ꣬ڵ˼֮Уʲô¶᲻𾢡
̼ʱ򣬾;ݣ˫Ŀ񣬺ǱʼԹ򣬲Թ˿ɺޣҡ
ֻ취
˹߽䣬һۿľɳϵĳ̣һ°ͣɫ۾ĹǺɫһͷڷΪδ䣬ȴû˿ᣬΪͱԡ
֮ڰ˹ǸҰĲıҡ
ܵҲΡ
˹񣺡ˡ
̰ڰ֣л˵
˹æڳԴļƣϣȫµļⶼš
Ȼų˵
̣ҪʿǺټһ𡣡
˹ԣǿԣǴˣǾһʲô
̣ôʲô
˹ϾʢЩ˵Ƣô˰ﶼ޶ãͱһӶûֱӰѻ˻ȥ˵ĶȥȥɣҲС
̣
ˣֻ˳ë¿ǿϺ͹ܼЩֻˡ
͵֪ҳʲô𣿡
˹޿˵ָûйϵ
ǲȱʳȱ·ģ˾ˣҲ֮ӣĻеģΣиԵ
̾˿ôûйϵôʲôԸ˵Ȼһˣֵи
˹̧ͷų̣ʣʲôϵ
ϲӢ𣿡
˹ãĵͷ
СʱϲŸ׸Ӣ۵Ĺ£Ӣһа٣ΰѵŵŷӣ˭ϲӢۣ
̣ȻǾ飬Ҳˣ˾ͻӢۡ
̾˿ڳǹĶӣʿ⣬ʲôǣȰң㡣
˹սȭͷ
̣Ҳ㲻ܾȰ뿪Ժ湻һǮҲðϽͷֻ˿ȸһҪ𣿡
˹ҡҡͷ֪ҪɣǴһᵽһȥýӴġ
̣㲻ԼҪЩʲôðϽ֣һ£᲻࿴
ǸʱĻŻŻῴĺá
˹ԽԽó˵е
վʲôھȥðߵ𣿡
ϵ˵ֻҪŬǸ˾ְһģ
˹࣬ǰҪһҵ󵽵ðʲôʲôʱ򣬰ϸضʾлĳ
̼ҪСԼֻҪģκѶѣǰǸׯ԰ֵֻмʮˣڲҲ𣿡
һʵӰǰ˹סˣȲ˵ˣھȥǾһ𣡡
̳΢Цͷ˹˳ȥ
˿Һð˹ᣬĻ㵥Ҫǻһıˣⷬ϶ûʲôá
˹ڰ˹ߺŽ뷿䡣
ﻹŽ緹
ȻûĳҪһ٣ǰһ٣һ٣һ١
̺˿ˮֳ˿üضԿ˹˵ԼǵĲܵӦðѰȴϵġ
ȣôһˣ
˹ҲһȻɸϸСģûʯҲûɤӣɲ㣬ܸɣһҪˮȥ
Ҳ̴ֳŨǵ˺Ȳһ£һ¡
ʮضԿ˹˵ȥ϶û⣬ȥ̯ˡ
мȻڣҪĲǿԵֶδСˣггȻҪתͶУ̯гҲҪתͶС
зգץסĺ̫أȥ̯ҪôϲƫˣҪôǲòȥһǮڵˡ
֪þ淶г
û֮ǰļʮһڣÿʮ쿪һУÿο֮ǰ̯аʱ׼רƤƷƤͲĲУҲרʳ͵ζƷϵУӻк߲ļС
̸ʱΪѾ˻ңԳ˳רſٳ⣬еڻûӰ
ȻҪ죬Ǿ͵ôͷ졣
ֻûõˡ
Ҫܿ˹صġĥʵԺ¡
ʿҲһ
磬ô⣬жѣðȻǰһж֮Ŭǰ
̽Ħ˹ȥǮҹ
ȻϱԸֻԼˣܻѵʱ᳤һЩ෽עһܸɵġ
Ħ˹Ӧʵ࣬Ψֳˣ뷽跨Ķ±ȫԼ
Ħ˹ڳﻹмӵģȥûѶٹ򣬾ͰӰ˹
ֻһˣǱĳйģһµĹѾ׬ǰһ룬һ棬Լн죬ȫԼϡ
ڴӼǡ
ǽǿϣϴ̵İ취˺ܳʱʣִ౾Բߵȡ
ǰʱѾøˡ
һ·𽥵ĥǵǣʶԼ֮Ĳࡣ
Ķǿ˹أ֪˹ذʿѵôˣԾ˵
ҽǹһЩô΢Ц˵ڳֻУһҪкӻгвг
˶˾̵ĻҲˣȫĿתضų̵졣
̣гҲ죬׼ϣг̯λѻգǿԾгЩ˽ȥЩ˽ȥ۸Ҳ
Ȩõ̫ˡ
̣Ҫұ֤㡣
æ˵˵
̣̯λǲգҷˡ
۾΢С
ﾹȻݺɱ
˿ĭ
̽˵ҼвУԺ춼ʮ쿪һΡ
ҼҪҲ뿴ӬҷɵĳҲˮͷ㡣
ʵ𣿡
˻һۣĺֻôҪ󣬼ֱûҪ
ȥеĹأ̰ͼô̯λ
ʱ֪жǮͻǵļš
οǲУɨɾѣÿƶȥһҪ
̣ǶûĻ켯аɡ
һͷ˵ˣҿԸС
һ˵ˣҿԸӻг
ǸֱӲ˵ˣһֻܸгˡ
гѴǮĶȥˣֲ񲼺ӻôŵסܹУȥ֪Ҫ١
ҹҲûô̯λ
ǹһеĻǰôܷλָߡ
Ǹֻҧ˵ˣгɡ
̾˿ֲ㣬ôгĶֻܽǵˣԵһµ̯λҲգǵǮҲռǵı
ʾǮǲҪǰǣǣҪˣռ˵ıˡ
ǳֻܡΡǮ
뿪ǱʱκģԼƶϣŲȲʵء
ֺôǵͷأ
ǰжϱţϱ˭˭Ͳܽ簡
ھȻֵˣ
Ҫ˭ݲߣǾҪӶԷҧһ⡣
Ҳúܸˣڿʱ²˵ѵľǽЩ˾أʳ߼ۣΪ˶ҪҪɲһǱƷ
Ϊȥۿ϶ķΧΪȨһƶܵĹ򣬵ǰ̯ѱˣƶˣҾͿȥȡʤĹʵˡ
̳գգ۾ҿû˵ǹܶá
ϵɴ۾оԼޱȣ
Ȼû˵⣡ΪЩ˵ͷ
˸Һߵÿ죬ȻǷӦ鷳ˡ
̴ñ˱Լֻһ䵽ǵͷϣǱ޴ľϲŪˣʱûз塣
ֻϣǷӦһ㣬ȻҪ취ǡ
߰ɣȥ˹ء˳Ըüħȥţ˻ëȥë˵£˵µ˰ë֯ߡ
ô֯ë£ֻܵȳٽ̸ˣȥ˵ˡ
ϣõģˡ
Ȼ̾ȥǱƽأƽԭǾĵطǿģֻƽػĲݴɼѾܾûзá
˹ʯϣ˾ƨɰβݣЩʲôʱθɾˣŻῪʼʽѵǡ
ĵߵ˹ͯĴǣ׼䲻ſ˹һ˹ؾѾתͷ㬵ջ֣ӣȻ˹صߣһһĻ
ôôʵ̣ôŪģ
ôŪģ
˹ؾԼҲûʲô˼
ֻЩǰ˵ǵˡ
ȻʿȲܹѵʿܱһСǵȻҲʿȿڣǾں塣
ʲôɱ˵ʱ㻹軳أ
ʿǣˣҲ㣡
ôǣʿū
ǿ˹һ㲻ϻİǼֵʿץ˳ޱ˵ùңǾܣ򲻹ңͰϡ
ǣһ˴Ӥ
ѲȫˣֻнûгˣЩԭˣҲԾԾԣ˵սľ
˹ػǵó£һ䣺ҵĻҾͰѼɽ̸ǡ
ʵ޼ɡ
ʿˡ
󲿷˶ʱ
˹ؽǰβݣǾ͹صİεڣһ䱧ԹҲûС
ϾѧͽʦźãʲôҲѧ
˹ضԳ˵ûʲô취
С
Щ˻ֵԡ


111 
ְ֡ŮһͷɫľƯ, ȴ˵·, һϵͷһ˰Ѳƥᵽţȥ
Լˣ, ְ
СԼߡ
ҪһطԼͨ, ôãһֱϱ, òϱʧ, õôһĻᣬζܷŹ
櫣ʲôط
ԼóЯľƿ, һھ֮˵Ҹոȥˣ˵ҽһС
һ㶣Ҳ˷ܵЦܿЦݣǱô죿
Լ˺һĶûֵ֪ʱǵļп϶Ѿˣ
ԼǸˣĸһλ˵ˣ̽Ļ, Ӧλ˵˽ӣûеõΪԷӵκһô, ͸Ů͵ĺһСҪɻ
ʮ꣬˵Ůమˡ
ȻҲԼ˽, ܸɣĹҲ˰Ů޸˼ȻԼʱֻǸСӣǷڴ˳ȥ̸ʱ̸֣⡣
ʮȢӣӵڶ͸˶ӣǺ⣬岻ã˶˵֮ŮŮǶܽһܴ껹Ҫ
뾡취Ū˵ӣɹõ˴˵ļҲ
ߵĶҪ𾴵Լˡ
ʮǰԼһֱϴΨһĶ⣬ǾͽŮߣŮΪԼڣҪŮһӲܽܽĲƲ
ŮԻҲûʲôȤ
תĿ죺ְ֣ҪȰѵطҳ̯λֺãȥǡ
Ȼ壬һԺΪѸٵϵ塣
櫵㻹ĶӶ˻¡
ΪͻߣӦѾˡ
ԼŮļ򣺡ȥɡ
ֹŮ飬ȴֹŮˣĺӶǼյģ˾ܽǼҵĴš
ΪϱȻ֣ԼˣҲٶҵʺϵĵطѸٻֺ˵ؽ磬ȻͿʼ̯ˡ
ְ֣ûԸġ櫳Էʱ˵ǲУͲý̯λѣҲظѣл㡣
Լ˿ԱӲԷɵӣ˿ˮ˵ΪǸĺôࡣ
櫣̫ôǵθڣֻһʼͶǲ㣬ǲŻᱻһô򡣡
Լ˵Ϊǣǡ
С죺鷳Ⱥôࡣ
ԼЦ˵ɵΪİѼŪжٺôɲǰĲˡ
櫣ǻô¸ʲô
Լڣ櫣㲻Ҫֻͼǰ棬ֻҪǲ̫̰ģһ㣬ӻںأλ˾жĥɱ¿ҲɱôԣϾҪЩˡ
ǲĹͣԺ㲻ܳΪڶϱҲñ֮ǰ
Լ˿ԼŮʱ񰡣һһ̰һ׺ݣ̫ˣҪʱȥ̵
櫲Լ̰öĸΪʲôȻʧȥ־
Ϊһеԭλϣ⣬һҪȥʶһλ
еĽչڳ̿Ǻ˳ģǲ֪Լ˽̯ŵЩʲôûҪʱ䣬˵Ĳг̯λ챻ˡ
̾ԼӦô칤λˣгȻ͵ҲУǮͨһõĽ
ȻûʲôʳǮǲٵģǺ;ƶݳƷ͵ĽҶңͨ˼ճöõͭңڣͭ
֮ǰһöҿԶһһǧöͭңһöԶһһǧһҵͭңҵļֵ͸ˡ
óöңÿȥǶһͭңȻְӶθ߸ѡһȽ֪صˣв˹ܳΪżȻԭڳǱιġ
򶼲ǣֻιˢǡ
ۻȫģȫͷϣ¶Ҳȫڸɡ
ҲǺջһ׳񣬳ҲܲΪʵ񣬾ͱǱĳ￴ˣڳ£Ĺ
ǹϵ˭Ҳؿ˭ȫû£Բ˹û
ΪģôˣӲ˵̯λҪǮҲһС֪Լ뵽ģǳѵģȻǮ˵̯λõ˵Ķ
ڸͬۡᱻԡ
ҲͿ֪
һһЩˡ˵㲻ý̫ණֻҪǶؾͿˡ
׼ò˹ǹأٵǴӿ˹ʦԺٽǶսļɡ
ǲ׼ÿ˹Խ̵ģ˹س˶Գ⣬˶ûʲôԡ
ԷһǱյȽϺá
˹ܾҾܾߵʱͬͬţΪԼΡ
ֻĸλҲǲģ̻취ԼǮȥ
׼Ūֳģ֮ǰԼ뷨˿ڶܼ࣬ǽͨŦŪֳ۷չ
ô˿ڣһǿɲ˵ġ
Ȼˣ̾Ҫµĸλܹǲȱʺʳˣڳ˳ԵǸֶӣԺҲƤ
룬ջǾ
ȻҪ˶þҪѩˣֽ׶뵽Ҫͣ׸ɵĻ
нŵĶ
ҹҲ㣬ôħ壬˸ӵĹල·ǿԵġ
̰ħ嶼е˳ǱĿյϣЩħĿǴӳߵģÿ˳Ծ˯ֲҳȥ£еòˣ˵¸ɣǶԸɻ
֪̫ϸҲǲסֻǴֱİôˣôգôǣɵöõö࣬ɵõ١
ħǶǸɹˣһ׺ϤҲͲý̫ϸ
ϣǲҪ¡̻Щ˯֮ǰڸ˹߶
˹ѾĵãЩʿȫһҴԣǴˣһСֻҳҫ
ҲһôǰĴˣ˼һʲôʲôɿ졣
˹أǲµġ
̿ſ˹أΪʲôôƶ
˹ЦЦǲҡ
겻ûзģˣׯ԰˵ô죿ɲڣħ塭
˹أöĶˣʣµЩֲ࣬ôöҪͳˣȵڡ
˹̾Ϣԣ̫࣬˯ɡ
Ħ˹ȥĶпϸţȻΪϳҪһƨ棬׼ȡֻ֮ڻҪʱϤǵԱ죬Ϥô˴򽻵
Ħ˹ÿϹɿˣˣÿϹԺòˣܰ˵û
Ħ˹úˣʮ꣬Ѿʱ׼ű˶ˡ
ҪȥĶϸĦ˹һڴϡ
Ħ˹һѹסԼܣȥЩµģÿ˹һƬ
ϵͷޱ˵Ǿ߿㣬Ӥߵı졣
Ħ˹
µĶĦ˹أЩвϲ˽Ĳ࣬̷Ħ˹Ǹ˲Ĵˡ
Ħ˹ѳ̷Ը½ĺϸԱ߲ҪʼԽԽá
µע⵽ϡ
ΪǳǱĦ˹ˣûԽܼҡ
ˣһ͡
ҽܵҽпϣ˵͡
ʶĿĦ˹Ħ˹Ȼɫãûֹ˵ˡ
һЩɻġµЦúġ
ϼ˵·ÿֻҪܵõһöͭңɵĶ࣬ͻᰴնĵطٸͭҡ
µȻȱСǮǱסˡ
һöͭңͨʱڣһöͭҲ࣬Ͼ˰һ춼ͭңڿɲͨʱڣҲ
һöͭٿԻһ㶹ӳˡ
ҪǳԵһ㣬ܴһЩǮ
ϲܹµĴʱʲô飬ֻ˵ãҲõ͵ģҪ¶ˣȴûУҪܵͷ
ЦЦ㲻ܳͷġ
µæͷһģһ죬һ
̶̼仰ĹĦ˹ֹµĶԿϵĿ־Ѿ
Ϊ̫ˡ
Ħ˹οԼ
ΪµĺԼ̫ˣԲûôԼ
뿪µļԺĦ˹С죺治֪ǰǸʲôġ
ˣĿбӵĿǰǰҲͣǴ˵͡
Ħ˹ӦһŷֿڻشԼոյ⡣
֪Ħ˹ʲô˵ֻһңΪһμңֵ̫ˡ
Ħ˹̲סˣˣô꣬Ϊ̫ˣǲš
ЦʧǻԼҽڣǲԸԼʧ󡣡
ֻǺôȴѵǣƾʲôоη֮ġ
ҲûкĵԸĦ˹ƵзѵˣǻҪɣͣĸһҡ
µµǱְλɱҪö࣬ȻҲĳ̶ֳϵĹϵС͸ڳѧ£ʵ£ǺŪԼһ׷
ʵµʱǻ
ŪٵʱҲץסʱ
µøԼɻȥ֪ͨÿÿһ˳ȻٰЩټһ𣬹µľͲὲôϸˣֻǿһ㡪Ǯ
÷ǶҲȺм䣬֣Źµ˵
һһöͭҡµҲ˵Ļý˵̫鷳øϸ˵н֮һһöͭңҲܲˡ
÷Ƕֻһۣһ̧֣Ҫȥ
˶֣ҸѯһֻܳһˣǶȥ
µģȥûĻǱȥˣõǻý̧ߣ
Ⱥɢ֮÷Ƕ϶Цģڰ̯ҹİڣֻ·ˣʶԷ費ҪӣԷҪĻǾͰѶ˵ԷſڣʱһֽǮһֽ
ȻҵǣôһⶼûɣһӶûȥ
ֻ˵Ķӣ÷ĸȻˣ廹ܵӰ죬ܸػϴ·ϴһͻ̲ס
÷ĸ׳ȥԼĻڸɣǮԽԽ٣ۿҪˡ
ǶּҲûкö٣ȻǶֵĸ׻ţͬҲɡ
¾ͺˣ÷ỨǮˡ
Ƕֺ˵ԼԶɻ÷ʱ˵仰ˣ͸׳ɻõͭȥӣչĸף͸׶ˣԵҲŮ˶ࡣ
ܳŵֻ˵÷ġ
÷ݺݵصͷûҪǶ֣ǼĶŮСͬ죬֪˭סܿסֻԼ
ǶѵʱչοѾܲˣҪԷࡣ
ҹħǾľľÿ򻮷ֳ˼иļ⣬ЩҪɵĽֵг·ħǵȻÿС࣬Ҳˡ
ÿ˸һһһͭңҵߣһɻٶȻ졣
ħҲֵһСľƣÿǰЩľƽɻˣյʱֻҪľƺ¼ȻͭҸԷڶٰľƷȥ
ֻҪһÿ춼½ʱܶһöͭҡ
Ҳ͵ˣħ۾ģǮ̫ܲУץ͵ˣǿ϶һץһ׼
ǿ͵ҲֱӶȥǶԶԷ˵ŪطòͭңʲôʱŪˣʲôʱõ
͵ǸˣȻôǿ׳ħ忴ʵˡ
֪Щ˹ֲǹµģԳ˹Ҳûʲôη֮ġ
˿ĭ˵µ˵ˣÿ춼һöͭңǲ˵㻰
̫ˣΧҲ֪ոշʲôֻΪҪöͭҡ
˿׼˶ԷǸ׾ɵϣһ˵Բңܲǣ׼˭Ҳ
㲻˷Ĵʯͷ
·غʵܷʮࡣ
һöͭòס
㲻̵ǵǮ
ǵǮ
ǵľǮ
׾ħȻʷãȻվǣһ֪ʲôǵߵڰס
֪ô֪ôЩ˱죬׼ɱǸʼ˵ʱһС˺Ȼվǰ
תͷħЦЦģ
󻹸Ǹؾ꣬һ𣬲Ӥ
ؾ˿ĭԼСܾҪˡ
֪ħ塪ҲǸȻðСĴӴӱȥȻߴ


112 
ǮҡͷҲأֻһš
æǮݸ, ͭҵǮ, ŻЩ
ӿѾͣĻǡ
ǵ۾д˽ֻ, ΨòԭŵҪǵĳͣһöͭҲֹһöͭҶ, Ψһϡ
ЩͭңǵġӶȺ󺰡
ȻҲ˵һؾѵ˵Ļ𣿣
˵Ļȵ͹ýһưˮ
Ⱥˡ
ԾԾ, ֻȶ֡ôһͭ, ˭ˣ˭춼, ЩͭҶ㹻С󣬶Ƕӡ
Ƕǵģ
ǵǮ
ۿͷԣæǮ˺ǴôˣÿöǽˣԺҲûлɣ
ԭѾһ˺Ȼͣ˽Ų
Ӹʹ˸ɫǵһʱ˴ӵ˼ó޷ٶܵ˵, һס˶ԷĲӣ֮, ˫ȹ˵ϣͨ죬ֻܴ, ˵
Ⱥ㰲һЩӼ˵͵ɻһöͭңоŬɻһöͭңǾöһöһöνĻھͷſ
˻ߣԼĺҪˡ
Ϊļ·ǴԼǮǣǮǮԷһͭ𣿣˵ʴ֮ģ
ӰǴͭҺݺˤϣĿ׺ݵغǸؾûҿҵ˫ǮԷû͵ûǲҪͭߣ
ҿ֮ô
ߵͭܲǶȹ죡
Ѿɢˣ»صԼֵƬʯͷľ׮
ҲɰѴΧм䣬ЩûߵĶ׳Сӡ
Ȼ׼һʵɢȥҲԸ̤̤ʵʵĸɻǮȻǮΪʲôҪԼôۣ
һͭңɱÿһöͭҪĸˡ
ȻҲ֪Ⱥǲ׼ֵģʱӾûˣȰ˵ȰˣǴӳǸؾ㵽˸
˱ˤڵϵǮ鲼ģϧǮϵĻң׾౿Щס
Щ׼һӵϵʱ򣬸ˡ
һֻ룬Դǰ죬Σʱ˿ȴǸˣǰȫĹͷһϸݵֱһԴ
Χǵ˻ûüӦոһ˲ɵһƬ
һĻҲ˿ˡ
ոɢ˴ʱһŵŲӣ߶µվԭأȲܣҲ˸ɻΪЩ˶ɱˣ
ŵڵϵˣҲûȥˣֻǶ·ߣüʴӣЩô죿
ӵǺ侲
ˣǴȥҹ£ٴЩϵη
ڵηɲãûͰҲû˴ɨ˵ؽȥһȦܰѬ
Щ˴Ժ󣬸ɻ˹Ȼ࣬ǴԼǱˣͷҲֻ̧ظŻеĹ
ֱϦ£ˣŰ飬ľ͸һͭңûɵģûջľƣպŷһͭҡ
ҲٶȿģһˣĸֵܣǲǷֿԼģǼֵͬʱɻٶȱȱ˿ö࣬ǲԼĻľƽֵַƬ
ĸæһ죬õöͭҡ
Сĵܵܽץöͭң¶ЩĵһЦݡ
ԸĿ־壬ҲͭҵӰʧ˲١
Ǹ׾ĹǣǡĺܺáҪ¡úøɻ
ǲó˴򽻵Եʮֱ׾˵´ʲ塣
ԼΪı׾ôˡ
˺ͻûг⣬˻һöͭңЩģõö
˺Ҳܿ췢˿ķ͸ĸֵһֻҪܱһ˸ɵÿ죬Ž칤µľ飬Ĳ
Ͼõͭңʵġ
й𣿡õͭҵ˼æȥ˼С
ʱлûйأǵһ·ҲʹӳõϢ׼˸ֶӣѵ̯λǰ
һöͭҵĹôĶӣȴ˱ĳһ١
ֻȽСһṩĶӣ롣
Ǿڵĳ档
Ǳߵһöܻͭඹӣ
ȥǱߣأ
ҪöͭҵĶӣǱһö򵽣
Ƿӵʮ̯λ˼ˣʮ̯λҲƺ׼һ㰲˸֣һжɣʮ̯ǰȴһ˶ûУ
пһʱ䣬һϴǱˣǸ˽ˣĻϤҲ֪˸˭
ϵ˽з棬ʮͷѾʼϰֵˣеҪڸǰɼԼԲô׵ĴӦ˳̵Ľס
Ͼ¶˵ʵûʲôôϾ̲ۣҲûж
ܼһֱѹһͷĶ֣ĶӣöԷ޶ڰְǰӣҲǼ¡
վ̯λߣһͷ𷢣ڻ¸ҫۣ΢ЦſǰĳԼܿѹһڸܵܣΪԼϰֵļ̳ˡ
ʲô˼һͷ˺Ȼվ˷Աߡ
濴˶Էһۣòʺã塣
ĵҲЦѼ۸ˣԣ
óһ˲Լָ⣺壬˵û˼ˣԭǱߵʳ̯࣬λҲ࣬ЩСҲֻһǮ
ģѹһļ۸̸ְ𣿡
棺С»ҪȥҸװɣһС¶ˡ
ЦЦķļ򣺡ˣСԸͷ
ͷһ̵ܽӣ˵Ҷסˡ
ģסͺãļסӡ
ȸ뿪Ӳ˲ԼĹļ
ߵСʣү鷳ˣ
һǱɱţǰİѡ
棺߰ɣ˷ʱˡ
ϼһӦҲ벻ļ۸ŵģǵúڷ棬Ӹ£Ķ˵ܡ
λˣ˾ηǿ׳ǿӲ̬˸ס
ЦЦú
ǰ˵ܡ
Ȼ޶˵˼۸С
ָоãԻ˵ȥ߸ףҪʳ
ԺǵԽԽãУֻһˡ


113 
̵ȻֻԷһעֻǷ, Ϊ, һ˵鲻ȫ, ͷеҪϿ, Ѹٵ˳ߡ
Ϊ̻ˡ
ڸˮʱʵ, 治ô죿
÷, ֵΣϼ޻, ѻƪʱΪ˸Ͷ˵Ļ
̺˿ˮһضԿ˵Ǿ취
üͷ΢壬Ŀϵĸ첲ˣҲ˺ܶġ
̾Լ̿ܵõѾԽԽϰλˣѧʱʦ˵վڽ̨, ܿ˭ڳʳ˭˯, ˭һ
ԭò£ںȻܹˡ
ʲô̾һж, ڿԺúοһԼһ¿ڸ֮ˣٳԸɵñˮ̵Ҫˡ
࣬ʵʵĸɻѵһٺõĶԲ
վˣԼȥ
˵ǲȥģΪңɾ
û˸̽ء
ϾǱ̾Ĺء
ﰢõǳǱѾҪúܴжϾȻģһʱͻۡ
˶ڳæš
ǣң
ŮʹӴ̨ȡһÿ췢⣬׼ˡ
нȸУΪò֮ʣʳԽԽˣȻЩʣµʱն䵽Ķʧȥݹ
Ǻġ
ڷ棬Ħ˹ûж˵
ʲôôõ
ԼڳǱλӰԼ˴Ūĵ͵˱𾴵
æµúܣȻǿֻһͣȴϸʲôܶʲôʳģʲôϣʲôܶ꣬йصġ
ڳ׼黹ûܱļʱһ˺Ȼվ
ֻΧȻðˡ
Ƶ˵ʱڸʲôȥ£ҪǴ˽ְѲʣˣҾͷǮ
º͵ˬʣ۰ɣվ
ǽǣãǵȴеķˣֻܽӲתԴƳһ΢Цĳ̡
ˡѾȫֹͣ˼ˣ֪Լڸ˵ʲô
ûӦ̾Ѿǿձϴ⡣
̰յǼ⣬ûŵǹϤĳζ˿
ǳĳѾûпˣԲһʵ⡣
ͺܺá̿佱гζҲϲ
Ƕ߶µ˵ˡŵľõ⣬зζ
̣𣿡
룺ҲϲԺҪųٳԡ
ǻûȫһԼͷ
̣弦ɣҿţҪʲôԵĵطҾ㡣
ǵͷ𵶣С˼⡣
׼ϣ׼ѼŽʱһֱûĳ̺Ȼʣ׼弦⣿
Ǹֻˣ֪Լǲһˡ
õһ⣬ɵ㡣
ʵʵİɡ
ðǰѼڵõȻһߡ
ʣʡ
ǳ̽͵ζȻԺϣûζֲֹѵ
ãĵͷ
̣ʱ䣬׼˰ɡ
Ĳ˶ǳˣ֪ΪʲôǳˣˮҪģʲôˮҪˮòܳԡ
ָǰѲҶӺ͵ĳȻŵκϣҶ
˳ˣҲܼˣ弦õǼ͡
ʱɢǰδе
̣ǲǺ㣿
ɵĵͷ
̾˿ԼҲҪ룬Ȼλӡ
æʧغˣ
̣һû˵ʲô֮ҪúŬ
λǺҪģ˵Բԣ
ƴͷ
ǳͺͿ˹һ֮ǰʮζ͡
ھҵûа׷ˡһжĳżõļ⣬һҲҲûκγζпԺҲѵԽϣȻԽԽˡ
˹ȻҲһ͡
ЦؿҪоƾͺˡ
˹ر̵ЦݸȾˣЦ˵ÿȥþưɡ
ǻѾƺСơ
̰ڰ֣ҾãǲȣҪȻˣƷͲˡ
ðصģϵ
ԼһƤ
ߵ˶ڱ䣬ǸΪһ佱ɵЦܾõĿϱܼһ侲
ǸһҪɳһҵĴӣҲٰϡ
ͨ˵磬һһαװԼó춮£е
ִҲˣ󲿷ѧܶδõĻ룬ҵ֮ҵһùӾһ˰飬ܶǮʱȥΣǮԺȥȥĵط档
Ϊͻɡ
ҵˣϰˣŷ᲻ԼԵÿϰ°ѾȨСĳڲһյΪÿֻܳԺзŵٶӺԲ
õĹÿԼ㵱ڶȥ˾һȵֻάּ򼸸£Ȼͱøͬһ
̵İְֺԺ˵ϧѧʱɣʱֻѧϰߵŮͬѧϿֻϲŮϲϲ㡣
ҵˣҪҹˡ
Һﲻʲôֻܸ㸶ӵ׸ȻҪʮķŴһҲҪǧŴ㻹óеĽͨѣǮȻҪ飬ӡ
ӵ̷ǮҪ׶԰˵ĺӶ˫ģҲֻͺȥϡ
ҪȤࡣ
ԺҪ˽ѧ
ְ˵˵žͿˣᷢôŬϵĵԶᡣ
ʱ̻˽ְֵᣬֻǰְֺ˾֮Ʋס
ڳ̶ˣȻְԤϵĲһ
˵Զ˼
ŬԼֹ۵̬ȡ
̶Կ˹˵һܣ벻
˹Ц˵˵Ҿ
λϣһû׼ã׼˵ɡ
ÿ˹س԰Աߵˡ
ЩǳģȻֻΣܳĺóԵĶࡣ
˹سһӣЦ˵ͦóԵġ
۾ţǰɣҼζ
ѵöƸУҵļ磬Ǹܺõĵط
˹밲ο
ּ˵Ҽʳĺöˣ
̫ˣ
˹أ
ѰοĻʻȥˡ
˯˸þȻڶټ櫣ڸ𲼼УĸԼŮ˴⣬Сȫ
̸һ⣬ԭûó̻ټû뵽һ֪ͨȥǱˡ
Լõһ·ѵûȹӣԼ֮һȥǱ·
ûмôһ
ҲûŮǿ˵Ůǿˡ
櫿һΪƵҪôҪôѵӢҲһ˫۾
Ȼеκһ
ȴã櫺ܲŮǿ˵Ůǿ˵Ǻǿģ쵼ҪܰƣҲϡ
ȴڼСŮ
ӲߣԼֻһͷС磬һͬƫڵط̵ͷɫһӣЩԲ
ֻǴһ룬ʵ˵̸£
櫵ͷ̬ŵĺܵͣˣ֪֪һöͭҵļǮöͭҵĻ
̣ͦõģΪ˿
櫣ƽ·󲿷һÿõһöͭҡ
̿
櫼ᶨ̧ͷˣҲںࡣ
սȭͷˣ̫еҰģӲãˣѡǼҵĻǿԸĺô
̣˵˵ɣǼΪҴʲôô
˿ֻҪԸ˵лᡣ
櫣˶ΪѼ۸񽵵ôͣΪˣΪɼǶ⣬ԲŰѼ۸ѹô͡
ʵһöͭҲе̶
һ䱧ԹĻûУ˵һǺô
ʲôôǮأ
Խ˵۾ԽǮԴԴϵƽ񡣡
治ܳҪǮҪҪˣֵǲŹġ
ֻ԰
ںеס
ЦʣȻأ
櫣ˣѡҡ
ҲҪǮмۣǲġ
櫳չһЦֻҪһŵ
̺ϾĿ˵
櫣Ҫѷ͸Ƕѹȥ
̺ǼҲ𣿡
һӲǼһֵЦˣ˭Լߵأ
һô֮ͣοĺô
ܱȷ̵ĸ࣬ҲܵõԼҪĺô
͸ףԸע


114 
櫺ҰģСƺסһֻ̰, ڳǰ¶, ෴ͦ, ӲŪ˰ڳһη̬
̣ǼȫԼϣ
Ұ̫󣬲ҶԳ˵Ҳв
, ҪԼκһɽϴ
ƽ⣬ǣơ
櫣, ֻһѡ
ϱǰ֮ͰǶ, ϱ̫̰ģôò˹ϷгϱС, 
쳤˲ӣЩе˵ˣǼҲҪеףҪһֻеףǿɲһСǮ
е򶯳ˣɲɽ΢Ц˵Ǯ˵ࡣ
櫣֪Ǹʴȵˣһ, ΪܻȥעҪܶˡ
ÿ춬, ˱
櫣ڷȣں䡣
̿˵, ƺǴҪ̸һʺҧóԼĳ⣺ǼҿԱ֤ṩľ̿
ľ̿ظʡ
ȻԼЩС֡
ľ֣̿СطûУطеġ
Ͷǻ۵ġ
˿ǵģˣǿһöͭҶ
̣ṩ٣
ŴãʡһĻԸࡣ
רעض۾˵Ļǵ˻𣿡
櫱֤ˣҵĸǸɵӣҪȥ˼ˣֻҴߣ˵Ļҵĸһ
΢ЦȻôг⣬ǾԿɡ
Ц⣬ֻҪԸܿˡ
Ͼûг̣Ҫ̽
櫹صسȻȥ
̺Ȼס
תͷˣʲôԸ
̣Ҫ㽨һʳá
ãʳã
̣ǧ˵ʳãƽ񶼿õͼʳ
̳΢Ц͵ʱҰıɡ
櫱ǧһ㣬Ҳֻǧˣ
ô˵ĵطҲֻʥǲС
רǶġ
̣Ҳǿҿ÷桭
ҧն˵ˣҿԣֻҪʮʱ䡣
һҵʵĳһǧ˲⣬Ҳ׼ǷӣֻҪпյأеطٰξˡ
ֻǼˣÿʳǮ͹͹ǮͲһСĿ
ֻܰοԼȥͺá
ʧֻʱģÿǵ
ǸûС
ٴ̸ˡ
û
֪ʳðһĺá
ʳ٣ֻҪһڷܳԽƽ;òˡ
Ͼ˲ʥˣָٺ¡
̸̸Ժֵ˳緹ʱ䡣
ԵĲǼ⣬ǿȫԼΪյ˼弦ظľ裬ľǩڼСףȻϼˮͺĨڼϣڲҲĨˣһʱŷŽ￾
ΪǺܷʣȫˣԳЩ
Գ˵Ѿܲˡ
ʱź֪Ǵ˽ͺǹİ
˵ʱһǣܹʡ
һްĴֹӵļ
ôѳԵķˣʵԼĹ
̳Թ緹ÿϰѴĽͺǻм˰ǣ˳ʹõķҲ
Ȼ˰ǵ˲˹
˹ڸƽļ˵ʦҪǸǵĹء
ЩƽԼȫֵ׳Сӡ
̻һЩŮ˺˸˺ͺڡ
СȻûи״ӦΪܳԱӣҵܷ⣬ʲô֪
˵ԺԷͲóˡ
ȥһ̯λǸ̯ӵϰͲǵǮ
ҲȢ
á
ֺǰֲǣû뵽ǻн졣
Ȼ˹˼ĹغȫԻˡ
˹ҪʿҪ˵İȫ
ҪǱǱ
еˣҪ˿սӰźָӡ

Сȫɵˣֻ˹˵ǱҪʲôȴû˹ǿԵõʲô
˹һʱ˵ܵõʲôÿʳﶼṩԲĿԴؼңһ¿õʮöͭҡ
ʣΪʲôʮö·һ˶õʮö
˹ʮöֻȥӺܳԱǣǿԳԵСģкԣ
ڴʱɢ
ȻȶӱӣʯӺҲСġ
֪ж˺ܾûζˡ
˹Ĩ˰Ѷͷĺǻʲôʵģ
µһԲ
ֻ㣬ٳһܶؼһ㣬ټÿʮöͭңӦþͲ˶ˣֻûʱȥˣüĸȥأ
ѩ֮ǰһЩźá
ѩɽ·ߣܻԼ档
˹˿ûʣǾͿʼѵ
ΪʿǻûгʦڰԲ˹ֻڳ̵ָµ˽̹ٵְ
ԭ˹ǲɵģԭǸˣҳͷ϶ǹͷ̫ðһûк³Ȱסˡ
أǺΪ˹ˣһʱˣֻԼһͺĦ˹ȱˡ
ֻҪúΪ£վȣĺӻںͷ
ѵһӱźµ𣿡
ǲ˹ӲͷƤ
ΪѵǳֿȭĲ˹վںһ
ʵ˹Ҳ֪Ϊʲô
Ǵ˵ģеġ
˹֪ˣȺ˾վĺܲӣ̨ϳ¿һۣúе۾ȸһվ˻ҪңЩҪôվҪôƨվҪôһŤ尼Sߣ欼ˡ
ֱһȺħ֡
ȥĳ̰Ѳ˹еԼߡ
վ̣վֱ̧ͷͦأո
˹æճ̵ָվá
ֱֱ̣ſ죬ԣ۾ǰ
˹ǰ
̵ͷȼһҾÿˣȥǡ
ԭ˹ΪֻվŲѣûʲô˵ģʱ򾭳һ춼߶ѵܱһֱøۣ
ǲ˹ܿͷ֡ˡ
վŲάƣʵ̫ˣԼվ˺ܾãõȫڲ˫ȼ޷֧塣
ѵõ˺ʤģԸǰҧš
ѵĵģһˣͰȫתƵһϣùôһ㡣
̿˹վģӦóԹͷˣŶ˵ˣȥɣվ
̲վʵսʲôãϾߴ˭վ˸á
ȴǸзԡ
ԲҪĶȻһ˶ָӣ˵ӱӮҲ䡣
˹ȥ֮󣬿ʼվˡ
ɱȳ̻ҪϸΪԼ˿࣬ЩԿˣӦñԸĿͷŶԡ
ǲҽп࣬һп͵ܳԺʧȥÿʮͭҵ롣
Ǹò׳ΪСӣܵܣãĸһõʱʧȥ
İְѾŵܵȥ·ˡ
ֻãѡˣΪ
ΪֹһкܲʵȻΪһͨˣˡ
ƽˡ
԰ҧһֱάͬһƣȻܡ
һߵĿ˹صǺɡ
ʿ࣬ڿ˹ǰɵȡ
󡢴ˡ˹Сߵ˹ߣҲҳ̫ɽˡ
˹ؿ۰˹
˹ܿƵĺһ
ԭǲǿϢˣһڣͱˣǲܳԶٷټ
˹ؾ㲻ãһʱҪһٷ
ǵĶӶ治ʳ
˶ܹ鲻ãЩˣЩˣҪͷۣ˵ȥɡ
˹ɴ⣬æкʿһȥԷ
ոջڳֿȭԴʿ˲ͣ¶һ죬һûУʱ򻹲ֻӣȫͷ󺹣·ˮʪ͸ˡ
û˸ֱߣԶԶĳ˹ؾϹھʱ乻Ժ̧ͷ
Ȼ˺ǶڳСòͣԴһѵ֮ʿŴҲȡˣÿһԺζѵ
Ϊķѵ̫̫࣬ԼʳҲԵýζ
Զõĵζϡ
ֻҪʲôζ
һߵǱߵĺϢһ߸Լ
óĻƶ׼ó㶹
ѾˣֻҪñеҶĥ֭Ȼ˳ʱڽõĶУɿ飬ľѹѹʵС
ҶҲǺöԣʱȥιţԣʱҲԳԡ
ڳ˳Իƶһļӵγһ
ûûƶѿ
Ϊӱȶѿܱ
˳г˵㶹ѿѿļ֪ģóȥ̡
ڳ̵ǰ㶹Щصʯĥĥģ˳Ķǳϸ壬ɶմ㽴ζҲ
óԵĻˢϽԺ󿾳Ŀ
̾ãҪǴĻʳṩʳӦþǶˡ
ƶ֣Ҳ죬Ȼۼ˻ľǺö
̶԰˵ȥҲھӿ
Ȼ󲿷ʱ䶼סڳǱҲԼļҡ
ǲ̫׳̵˼ˡһؼĻͻᱻѧᡣ
ЦЦҵ˼̸ˣ㲻ҪǿҪô
궹ĽţȻ´ε㶹Ͳ֭ˣϾֱ֭Ķһ޵ζ
ϸϸĽꡣ
ǵı𽥱ˣ֪ˡ
̳ЦЦȳߺ󣬳ǲŰѰΧס˵
ʲô˼
Ҫս̸Щ𣿡
ˮӾͲˡ
԰ΪʲôҪ̸ǣ
ǲŲأ
ȻҲôģȴô˵ΧҸʲô
ѵǾĲ𣿡
㬵ɢ
ֻкͰǹϵõŮʹչ裬Ǹ֭Ըһ𣿡
ŮСûкӣһֱŮͺչˣ˽ҲĸŮ
˶ʱŮʹƺΪ衣
ֻʱŮͲŻôƺǡ
ǹȻ࣬Ҳ¶Цݣģ϶ġ
ŮҾ֪ˡ
֪Ǹʲôеˣͻ˼ңϵĻȫԼϵŮֻŶԷΪŮʱס
ǻصԼڳǱļңļһԺӣסˣҲСмʵˣϵˣڳǱﵱİǣȻͳ˰ͽֺõĿꡣ
⵼°һϣ˼еضкǣôˣ
ǣܾûˣҪ˰æɨķ𣿡
ǣҪҪҼҳԷ
ǡ
ֵֽڿɲǶЩҫʱ̾˿˵Ҫסһʱ䣬˿࣬һϢ
ǳô죿
ǣɲУ뿪ʱˣЩ˿ǻ취ȥġ
ЦҲһ㣬ҲˣҵŮҹų
ǾͺǾͺá
ǰҪԼ˹ŲС
״ʵôˣԵĶ𣿡
ھǶҡͷ̾ǵǮҲ࣬ȥǾֻܸЩһԶˡ
Զӿɲãﲻסƨ
ǣ̸µʱҪǷŸƨ಻ð
ú!Ҫֻгζûá
ǣҵ֪һ취԰Ѷӱһʳܺóԣ껹ƨ
ھЦǼųԵĶҼûǮˣҲŲԶӡ
ǰҼڻСء
ǲˣǹ󡣡
ҺþûԹˡ
ǷָЩ˵ûãֻ˵ȻȥϢˡ
ֻܰעھӼҵϡ
Щ˿϶ǳԲСģ˵ӶҪʡųԡ
Ǿ۵úܡ
ֻҪ뿪Ǳ;ø˴򽻵οǱˣ˿ɲһ
Ǻˡ
ܶ඼Ǻüͥʶֵġ
ǵͼʯͷǱ˶Ǹ߹ıʯ
ǲ˾ʲô
Щʲôأ
ѵãȳ˺
ô꣬Ӳĸ׻ڵʱڳǱ﹤ˣΪʲôԼƵ⡣
λȴôҲⲻˡ
谮Լˣ˻죬ҪǮ
ȥЩʲô
ǰ˼⣬ֻΪӸ˲һ
ȻλǷǳĴˣ֪ôѶŪһʳ
ȴֻĵ͵ȵļ
Լ󣺡Ƿˡ


115 
÷򵽵ʳϣÿ첻ȥɻ, Ӳ͵, ʱһһͭңʱ, Ǯȫȥ˶ӺͶӻһ, ĸ˶ܳԱиࡣ
ǶʼǮ, ÷ĸµĶҲ, ʱһЩΣҲ˻ֱͭ
÷ȥ, ʱ䣬ץѶӣץһˮշкһܺˣʢԡ
ĸѾµ߶ˣ÷ڼҵʱĸ׻Ķ, ɨࡣ
裬Էˡ÷, ȥľס
÷һȥɡ÷ĸһߺźһŮ, Ѿˣܶˣȥܰ㡣
÷ȴᶨҡͷ裬㲻ȥҿԵġ
ۡ
÷˵кܶͱСŮڸɻء
÷Щǣ·޲˶ãǴʳﲻȹ졣
÷ŴҲɳûõġ
Щͨ벻취
а취ġ÷ڰѺֲ࣬Ϊû˶紵ϵƤǷź죬Ҳĥ˼ӣ˿ˣȴúܽʵ
÷ĸףǡ
÷վ裡һ뵽취ģ
⧲ķˣ
÷ĸ޴롣
÷˫סԼһһ߲ᣬͣĴվվֱˣ֪˶ãʵ裬Ҳǳ㣬ҵҳȥһߡ
ʱ滹·ÿ˶лֺõ񣬾ܴӳصõµľƣֵµ
ֻҪۼˣǶ·ϸϹֻܶһ㣬һ㡣
ڳĿĵţԴӿʼ·Ժ󣬳СǶˣСҲҪڣѡ·һϾ۵ûȥ˯ˣҹĳбòôΣա
÷ߵһƬյصʱ򣬺Ȼڴӡ
ܶˣһ֪˵Ļơ
÷վ·ߣĿš
ڰľͷ˿Ǹʲô
÷Σգش·ģڸʲô
Ϊû˽Ҳֻڰ˲ϣԵĸ÷˵˼䣺ڽʳã
÷߹ȥһЩʳʲô
ƣ˳Էĵط
÷ˣԷĵطǷ𣿡
ЦǴǮ˲ȥĵطʳǸôСԵġ
÷ǻֱʶ˿ĭ𣿡
ƣ˳ԵģһöͭҾʮ
˵ģһһ͹ˡ
÷ɴ۾ȻΡ
ոջ·˸ô죬ǮĸһĿھһϢ
ʳʲôʱ÷ʲô˼ҲףǶӵıǿ϶ܳԵģܳԵģӵģǺö
ƣ·ͽˡ
÷ǻл㱵߻ؼҵģһ·֪ˤ˶ٸͷһҲۡ
ڼſڵʱ÷ѹ룬ĸûзĺǡ
ԭ˵ģֻҪĸҲԣĸҲĺӡ
ϾǼһֱûȥݣʥԺҲܾûпˡ
ĸλʴȿݵĸǰǾͲʥ飡ʥǸһ
Լͽӣÿ껹Ҫôô
÷⣬ΪҲʥˣĺԺҲʥ顣
Ҫžĸ
ʥٻҪġ
ڶ죬ʳҪϢʹ˵Ķ
ϢĴʯͷˣôһֱüЦģϢʱҲһ죬һ˱ͷǳ϶û¶٣˽û졣
÷ҲһɻŮһ
һöͭҾܻʮҪٶ
˵ĥĳ˶нʳҲ
÷æʣʲô
ǽжŮ˵ʱƺЩ죬ô˵˵ãĵͷúܲ˼
÷ɴ۾
˵ǸӳǱĳںԺأ
˵˸ôġ
÷æʣԸˣ
֪յ˶ԸˣְǸľֱڶûͽܣͽܣͽܸԣ÷˵ˣͽܡ
ͽܵʱͽĶֵܷǮôͷ
Ů̵ģ˵Ǹ˶ȥѧ
÷һͲ±ѧˡ
ŮȻЦ˵˵˵ġ
÷ˣ
Ůǰ˵˲ĿǳԿ࣬ӡ
Ů̾ãҪͺˡ
ǰ˵˳úܺÿ
ǼҵҩҰְģû֪Ҿ͸ְ˵ȥˡ
ϢʱܿˣǶصԼλϣҵҵ·ûһ͵һ㣬ǮѩԺӺùһЩ
ߣҲյһºһ¡
µȻ٣Ҳ±ůҲʱഩ£һЩɲݣҲܱů
ٲᶳˡ
£ǡ
Ϲܼһ˵˵µӺܺùǳԲģ⣬ǳҲܺãʲ֮ǰȥӲǣһǮЩǮҳɴ󲿷ҺͽҸ˹
ƳľҲܺãԺ󣬾ûĿĵأ;ĳоɾˡ
ϹܼһңʾԼʹˣ˼ˣʳܲܰӹȥҲڳߣ˵¡
дʵ̫ˡ
̿껹ᣬ˼ֻһԸԼöԷԸա
ǹ˵µѡﻹû
ϹܼҲˡ˵٣Ƕùܡ
ڳߺͿʼˡ
˿ͺܲ
ϸ˿ĺôȻ˿ǸˣǶʵΥ
һ˿˭
Ǹڷ֯ǵýŮˡ
Ȼ֪˿ܹܲ˵£Ϲܼҵ۹⣬ͬʱ˵ºСʲô£Ҳס
͸ܼһţɰغͿȥţȻϹܼƽĽӹ˳ٰѳﰲһӹ
غͿãøűصʿһ𱻿˹ѵҲûɵȥҲŬӦΪס
Ͼ˻Ժֱˣ
ǰֻʿʲôҲǻǡ
ڣʿô࣬˸彡˶ǱȲ˹ؾˣǸִϲСܲЩɵȲϰɣ
ˣȥˡؼһ񣬡ĸ
Ҳ˵ˣ˲⡭
̱һ΢΢鴤ˣɿˣߡ
ëô˻ûģ
غͿһͷˡ
̲ʲô⣬ǿ󣬰غͿĿ֣øߴǿö벻Żǣ
ҰغͿ£Ҳ䡣
Լɵиֵбůн׳⡣
Ǿû취ˡ
ϹܼҲܼԴʵĶ뿪󣬾һֱĳ̻ǲӹȥԴӳߺ˯þ
һӹܼңòڳߵζôӭ˷ֱ
ڳߣܼҵʲôζأ
˿Ϲܼһֱڷⲽ۾ӿŴ⣬ƺһŵ˾ͻϵõ̵Ĵ𸴣˿οʦ̫˿϶ǻߵġ
ϹܼҲԸѧǰ¶ӣһҵȻ֪˿϶ǹң
˿
ϹܼҺȻע˿ϣǵҸ˵𣿡
˿Ҽǵõģİɣһúøɵġ
˿ԭûҪһǣǰ峤ǣֻܹ֯ϹܼոһյĽ̵£ùһƺҲûôѡ
Ϲܼ߶߶˿˵˲١
˿ö䶼Ҫˣȴʵʵļ
Ϲܼ̾˿Ҫʲôò׼£ңҲ£Ȼˣ˹¶ܽ
˿ϹܼһЦ֪ʦ
̵֪ϹܼҵǳĲˣڿ˹ѵʿ
Ҫ˹ѵɳģһӲҪֱзӪ
ڡȺδȷڿĶԴ򣬻Ȼһ˹ط֣ͻᱻץס飬˹ضԴ
Ǿǵ氤ˣܲ㲻ˣӮֻܻԼԴԼһţñʲôô
ĸǿѵȷʵĺܶô
ʿſſýʵˣȭͷˡ
ǿˡ
˹ħ忸һӣȻʿ򿪡
˶Ҷֻ쳤˲ȥһһѷźĸֵ
ֵ·Źߡ
˹һԣ˵˳򣬹һһѡ
˶˿ĭ˹ǵһҴŶ¹ȥֻ̧ͷͦأһӣߵǰҲûôóһѸֵ
ԭΪֻһȻһ˲˾롣
ָȫһɵɵ̧𵶣ӳ
˹ʹ֣ڵһûоʹһ˿ھͳָ⣬Ѫ۳飬䵽ϡ


˹˲̧ͷ
˹ȴûϻ˾ͻȥ
˶Գ̣˹˭ǰ⸱۸ڶĮ׺ݵģ
˹æȥ˶˳ǴûмôõĵôȫһҺ˳֣һȦҲۡ
ǽʿҲֻһ˶꣬Ͷ˵
ĵ˺Ȼõһӡ
˹ؿ˶ϵˣ˵ȻúˣǾɡ
˶һմؿſ˹أô
˹Լһѵָ˰˹ҡ
˹˿ĭһҡ
ɲǳֿȭֿȭˣһٶҪˣ˹ûܾܿͱɿ˹صĵˡ
ᣬûȢأ
öûˣ֪û
˹Цų򡣡
˹߶µ˵Ҳǡ
ų
˹ǰһ˹޿ˡ
Ҿųʲô
Ƶİ·֪𷴿磿
˹ƽͷһα裬ǵô˵汻裬޿˵ĵڣڱһ𵶣˹غݺݳ˹ȥ
ɾؼʱ̣˹ȴĵ
˹ʱѾ˲ˣɴ۾š
ΪԼῳ˿˹أܲ
ȻһĻûз
˹̧һֻ֣˹ûвһôģѾ˵ϣҲ䣬˹أȴ޴Ŀ˹رƵһ
˹Ц㲻ų򡣡
˹̧ͷ
ſ˹ػ˵ôĻ
Ȼ˹˵һ䡣
Ƿ
˹ȻͷⱲӵڴʱˡ
˲ЦΪǺϾֵԼˡ
˹ؿһʿ
ʿ֪Լ㲻Ҳһ˹ؿȥ˹صüͷһ壬΢΢ڶԷʱȰס˶ԷĲӡ
˹Է˫ȽأΪϢǵͨ죬ҵİֺȣõ۾ҲʼѪûһһԼҪˡ
ΪԼҪʱ򣬿˹غȻ֣ʿ˵ڵϣŲӿȸ
˹վԴԱߣսϣˣֻȸոոңԷһһʹ졣
ʿšոǻʹ
˹أУĸֵ
Ҳҵָ
ҪܶΣܿͷ
ͱĶԺҪ»ܶΣŻ
˹ؼԷסʱµĵõĶԷʱͻ֣ᷢոɱ㣬Ƕôˡ
Щʿǲ
Щӳ£ƺҲô£µ
˹أ
̿ſ˹òͬķѵʿǣԼҺòǿ˹صѧҪȻԼѾʦˡ
Ա߿ҲսľҲʮԼֻǸͣԺսñ˹ָ
վεĵطʿϣ˹ǲǺܺÿ
Ǵʱ˿̣˹ʳߣʿǿᡣ
ϴ˸£˵ÿ
Це˵á
һ룬Ҳǣ˹ԽײУ˲Խȫ
°
ǿʵ˵п˹شڣİȫͲõġ
Щǣ᲻̫ˣ
Ͼǳս
ܿ̾ͷԼĵĺûе
˹Ʒһ˻롣
ʿ۵òУһſڵϲͣ£ŷ֣ԭ֮ǰֿȭİ򻹲ҵġ
ҵԼҪֿȭ˶
̫ˣ


116 
ѩˣԣĳ˵, ѩļ, һѵϢʱ䣬һ, ܹúϢΪ, ǽĶҲһ
ѩ֮·Ҳ, ԭɨѩ, һǷʣɴ˵ıůﲻ, ΪǮܶ˻ϽͷðգͻΪѹǵһݡ
Գûǳɨѩ
·ĻѩҪɨԳ̾ͳū֣ǰţͷȫ
ȥū̸⡱ģȻǴ, ڴǸؾ꣬һʼ˲Ŀ, ϰΪҲ̶һµʱ䡣
ؾԭû֣ǴӸһ
ʮ, ΪԼǺӣ͸СĵؾǺ
ںԼ⣬и־ͺܺˣ־ȷΪȺеĴš
ȥū֮ǰרŻ··˽˸ðģֱůǿ΢ӷЩӷҲãһů͡
ֻʲôĹ壬Ż׷Ư
ĽĿŴϵ·֪ԼȻʹһǵؾȴȫͬģǵͼūȴһ񣬴ӻܸԼū̸Ǽ㿴Ҳᵱ泰Ū
Ϊϲĵؾ
ǰ֪ԭؾܳΪһֱΪ汲ūԶūǸڴߵʱԽԽҪԼūݡ
ͬǵؾΪʲôȴһˣֻܱһСԺĶ죬ҲֻȡůҲûһԱů·
Ժ󣬶Ժ˵߰ɡ
Ӵ£Ǵӵľ£ûƣҲûпߣܽʵΪһֱǲãûˮϴɱů
ڴ뿪ʱסķ䡣
ֵһ˶ûУ·ҲҪСһЩѩˮֽΪ˱иսѩСľͻỬĵϻҪһЩ
֪ҪȥСʣȥʲô
ӣȥū
ЩζЩߣҲǵؾƾʲôūƺͬأ
ӣЩţͷˣҪ˲ɨѩţͷǿ׳һ¾ˡ
ţͷ˳Եöࡣ
ЦЦֲǳЩʳõûУӺǹܹġ
۾Сʣؾ𣿡
ǶǵؾӦΪؾǴ㡣
ؾū͵ȵūţͷ˻ܳԸ뱥ҲкؾȴֻܳһЩù˵ʳ
ȴȻͣ½ŲضԺ˵֪ʲôҲǵؾڳΪǰҸһū
һ֪ԭҲū
ɵˡ
ӣʱұǸңūҪȥԻñ֤ǻš
Ѿˣʱ˷ʳЩ
˵ǰȻһ㲻ѹˣǰ£ƺϱӵˡ
Ѿ޷ʵԼĸܡ
˵ԺǲŻˣ·еطסܸɵĻ
Ժ˵Ը˵£ҲǴ˵أ嶼һģһɻһԷ
ֱǹŻᷢ¡
ŴӣӶԷ۾ҳԷ˵ѵ֤ݡ
ɴĿ̹˵ǵؾҵȻϣеؾܹϺӣǳ⣬ҲǴίεˣҵ÷ػ֪ʲôʱøʲô¡
Ϊѡߣûԭ𣿡
Ȼϣ
ӣ뽨һµĳǡ
ȭͷжѣҵ
ĺļһصĳʵӵڶǸûʮˣ⼸ʱѸٳɳ
߰ɡӣڲᶮġ
ðСѩūķӡ
ūҲùǮ֮ǰˣūȥֻ֧ܿŶգʱǻİѴ˽ȥ
ٿؾؾҲˡ
ǿģ湦Ҫλġ
¡ժñӣū
æ񣺡ôˣʲô𣿡
ЦЦʼѩˣдţͷ˲ѩ
ϵЦ࣬æѴȥôϣȥˮ˴֣ڴӵԱ˵ţͷֲ䣬ʵūá
ӵͷǮô㣿
ȻҪҲ̫һţͷٸͭңôѾͼˣڲ֪ţͷˣŴ˿ܻҪһֱûȥ
ЦЦʮº͵˵ȼǣǲֵٸͭҡ
ͨȥţͷǴ
ţͷ˻ûʱ򣬰һֱӶ˵ĵؾҪ˵ؾֻǰû˷֡
ӶƨѾˡ
ʱ򣬿αԼš
ӣһ˵ģ˵˹¶ıˣ
ڰ֣ǣҶʮʱŸż˰ūⲻ֪ūĺԽԽˣҪūֻȥǾۼĵطץʱ򻹵ø
һǳ˵ūļ۸ȴûǹˣǾСҲ
ﻰһתԴԺҲžﰲȫ˺ܶ࣬Ҫܼ˾ͺˣҿҳϵˡ
ֻЦ
ʱ˰ţͷ˴ˡ
ҲǴˣֻһţͷ׳Ǹ
Ӵһϵ£ͷţûһ©ҿֵͭҡ
ϵı齩Ӳһ˲䣬ܿЦݣ˵ֻۣҪûж
ӱһָ
ǳ˳飺һٸͭң£
ҡҡͷһٸͭңһ
ɵˣû۵ģûô۵ģοһ˵˶ǲô۵ġ
ȻЩ˻ԼǮѼǮűһЩǮЩҲõ˺ô
дѼۿⲻҪҪ
ûȰﷴӦּ˵֪۸Ը˵Щǿڱĵط
գգ۾ոӿķŭѸʧЦʣ˵
ӣ˵ﲻôū
С̽˵˼ǡ
ΣֻࣺҪЩūΪʧصĹأҪȴеģūȻ˼̳С
£Ļɲ
ЩֻǸСū
ҸôūΪ
ʱûˣǾѾ˺ˣǸС΢ˣΪСԴûʲôǳūɾһ
ӣȻ²Ը⣬ôǾͲ̸ˣһҪȥݷø񼪶£ôҾȸˡ
ŵץס˴ӵ
񼪶Ǳūһ֧ūӣȻ࣬ǱЩǿˣǰ˻ʱҲҪ£񼪶
񼪶ͬĽףǾԲЩСūһġ
ŵ۾ɴˣæ˵Ӹ£
˻ȥ֪ܲңңҲܸ˰ɣ
ûʲôҰģҲС˵Ǹ£ֻǸСūūҲһٶˣΪʲôѡأ
ӣȻΪ˼ǵ㡣
ˣɴûи˴˵˵涼ûмôܻ֪
ӣǱ͸˵
ӳգգ۾
Ϣð˲Ǹ͹񣬲⣬ˣƱˣ˿϶ȹˣ˿϶ڵģƯŮūģзġ
Ϊԭܰȵ˵⣬Ҳûбżȥ
Ȼͨ֪ģ֤λˣҲЩŮūסˡ
ɴСŮ˵
ĸ׾Ϊ̫谮һŮūǸŮūɱ˴ϡ
ܶ˱Ů˹ƻʧȥһС
˿ĭøŮⱲȷ£û֮һ
ûǳ̸ڵĿӣϾǮūǮģ෴ֻŵͼʲôأѵͼԺһٶū
Լ̫ˡ
Ȼ˿ҡҲṼ˵εġ
ӳ尬ЦЦȻˣҾͰţͷ˴ˣǮ
Ҫ̸Ǯˣ̸Ǯ಻ãţͷ˶߰ѣһöͭҶҪ
ǴӾôһǮûĴʮţͷˡ
ţͷ˵Ȼǲġ
Ӱţͷ˰úִ֮źȥ˼Сū˵Ļոն԰˵һ
ȴӴչ˽һٸţͷˣҲѾˣ·ֻȼŵĻǰ·
ܺ£ʴӣҪǷƭǵġ
ӣô֣ᷢ
ĶǵСˣǵõܣܻ᲻ȥҲ˵ȥ
ӣԽǵСԽǻᵣԼ˵ȥ˻᲻ᱻǺޣЩ˻᲻ỳѾˣ᲻취
ȻǶǵСˣǾͲᰴԼõȥ
ЦЦǿɲһ
ʱС˲ԼСֻԼ
һǾڷգȻȥһѣҲݺѣֶΣֻҪЩߵūûץҲ¡
ū´֮󣬴һɣؼϴͷ˯
Ǳڱ¯ǰϴ裬ͷʪġ
˹Ҳϴˡ
ȻĹͣˣ˹ѵʿûͣѩصģǾʹһѵ˶һֱڳͣ¾ڣҲû˸ðա
һһãԵҲԽԽࡣ
ˣҲܺмסһܳһ
˹صĽŲתͷ˹Цˣǽˣ
˹û˵ֻվڳ̵ִһƳ̵ʪ
˹ҲЩΪʲôܴǸС
ͺǵӳ⣬Ҳ⡣
һħ壬ܱĸá
˹أħá
ȴҡҡͷħ塣
ԭħѪ壬̲׼ħսħںϡ
һħɱۣ̿ɲΪڶ˹ۡ͡
˹͡۵ѡ񣬺γµľ֮أ
ܵ˽ħ壬ȴܲԶħ壬ħѹ壬ɱ٣ûܹסǡ
˹ۣ͡ӦҲǾ˺ܾðɣ
⻰̲ܶԿ˹˵
˵Ҳ֣ǰð˹͡öԣҲöԷпԣʱħһҲµȨ
ȻڣȻ˰˹ۡ͡
˹͡ۺڱ飬ҲΪѡԣȨ
̽͵ħò׹ϰȵӣȻȥɣȻƽ
˹ƽ
̣ǰħԨ֮¹ô겻յӣҲǺúˡ
˹ؿ˳һۣûټ˵ȥ
̣ˣԵʲô
Ѿüûһòˣ˹ضǸʿһԷ
˹أǳԵһ
æ˵ó
˹ûоܾħĳθʺϽʳֻ࣬ǻţȴܸṩӪ
ڳЩ³Եٶ࣬ħҲݡ
ϣϰܰ鶼ꡣ̾˿
ҪūȫţҪһֱ̣ȥץסūȻɱˣȻеĶƽ񻹺ãЩˣЩǮˣЩ׼ˣ⵱һѶš
ҪЩˡ
ƷūһҪ޹ء
ͷβǸˡ
ūǲŻԵø׶񣬲Żϲ׼Ϊ̲ūǣǾͻꡣ
ʱٳ֣ͻӰ콵͡
ȫ
˹һ߳ţһ˵ô
ЦЦڧɡ
ū໥֮䲢ŽᣬǱϾھϵȻ񼪶ūмϴ󣬵ūǻǻ⡣
Ѿôȥˡ
ʱֻҪץסһūȻɢǱūݺĴԡ
ôūǾͻῪʼ໳ɣҪץסڹһĿܾԼ
ūǳͺÿˡ
̳°ͣڿ˹صĶ棬ĿĿſ˹ء
˹أ𣿡
ܵĳļ򵣲ԽԽصĵӡ
ЩӣҲ˷ֵġ
Լļ򣺡Ҳ֪
ʼ۵ãÿֻڿ˹صĻ˯þ
ڣԽԽϰ
ԼĶֲ壬ǺǻԼѡǷȷǷûд
ǲǻһԼʶˡ
ĿãĿſ˹أһ죬£𣿡
㻹һ𣿡
˹طµ棬רעĿų̵۾
˵Ŀ⽻㣬ֻӿ˹ص￴ϧ
˹أҲġ
һޣԶ


117 
峿ĵһڰããĴϣ·ϵѩĲ, ΪпŻ·ߵţͷʱɨ, ǵʱڳš
·ϵ˲ֻ࣬а˻Ļľ峵߶
Ƕֹһ, ˴֣վ÷ļǰ÷
Ƕ, ÿÿһ˳š
ھӸǶִкȥˣǿ
˵, źǰµס
һֵһ, һĽֵô, ǸǼᣬͳ˿ڣƽʱҲһϵС¡
عٲֹܣǻǺеݵġ
÷ܿͳˣ˲·ϣǶȥ÷ְ֣ܿ˻ȥ
÷Ѽ·ȫϣʱ, һֻܴչһ˳ȥЬҲ, Ƥѥˣһһ˫Ѿܲˡ
ǽҪȥʣȻѵ, ֻǰ춫ļֵҪɹʱɻǸϢ
Ͼɻ
Ҳ˵ڹµļſڵţֱԷÿ֮󣬲Ŵȥյʱӡ
Ͼֻпյزôˡ
˵²ͬ˵µĵܵеǿܱãɲһпӣҲλƬĿӣҲûʲôô
ںŶӣѾǰŶˣһʮӣ֧һӺһӣϰƤֽëʣǼǵڵͷд
Ӻ棬һĶ÷Žż⣬۾ȥܿܶ೵ŵ·һЩŵľ̿÷˿ĭǼҲȱ·Ϊ֮ǰæ·Բûȥ񣬼Ψһıů취ҹĸŮļһ
Ϊʣ²Ĳ񣬻ϡ
ڹµĴ£һӺ˳ӣǵֽűȴܻȡ
µĲںк𻰣վһߴ֣û;졣
˴죬ֵǡ
ֵ÷ʱԼѾҪˣ˴֣æ˵ˣҼҲ·ֻȱ̿
¼̧ͷһ÷ûʲôسһ䣺̿
Ȼֶ÷˵٣Ҿˡ
÷ҡͷ٣١
ˣһô࣬㹻ĸŮʡһȹˡ
ȥľ̿ȻվһߵǶ֣һûľ̿ȥҪһ·ϻȥֺľ̿ѿ߽ײһҲԸ˷ѵġ
ǶҪĶƽһ˼ºһľ̿ɣҸѴУȻ÷һľ̿÷ֻһľ̿
ǳĬŹֳĬŻȥ
÷ǶֶǵĻҪӺˣܲܽ飬һ⡣
÷תͷǶ֣ӣ޷룬ֻһһ
ܽ飬Ǻܺá
ܣҲϣǶԺİŮ
Ƕְ÷͵ſڣûн÷ļңǶ÷˵Ȼȥˡ
÷ͷ
ǶֵͷűԼҵķȥ
÷Ŵһ̺Ȼ֣ǶֵĻ£Ӧòнˡ
Ƕ֡
ֻǡûߵ˶ѡ
÷˰۾ľ̿˼š
裡һˣ÷Ц
÷æվŮȥŶ춫ʱȥʳ󣬵ܺʵһˣҲ׻ܷźܳʱ䡣
ʱǵĴ٣Ҳô
Զ㶼ȥһˡ÷ȥŮӣȴ÷ֹˣЩӶƣǿװסܸ̿ĳ·÷ĸ׶Щź
ǳԱʱ÷ĸ׺Ȼ˵ð
÷ɻĿĸסôƲϺðɣȥˣĸһֱûлָ컹Ѱˣ
÷ĸЦЦ˵㻹СʱҲء
ʱһǵ˶ˣ˶죬һЩҪˣû˹ǣҺҸĸȥͶҹùãȻûˡ
˵һӶû˻ǣǮҲ򲻵
̿
ƯŮūҲֵֻһСء
÷Ȼһ
÷ĸ׼˵ھͺܿˣڿɲ࣬˹ء
ЩЩľ̿쵽·˸ǵġ
÷ͷ
ĸЦ˵˵ð
ɷȻˣŮܻȥ˵ȷʵѾܺˡ
ʳܼ򵥣ȥҲ򵥣Ѷ˶ϣȻ̶ȥܺõļǮ
ڳϼۣȻ࣬ôඹȥιڣھԳԲ꣬ˣҲһ롣
櫾Լľûд
һԾ𣬳ΪлȨ֮һ
С㡣ƺȻСܵߣ˵ʱֱðֲˡ
Ϊ̫࣬õ֮󣬻ҪѶţѹƽƳɶҲҪʱġ
ǵ˶ԣǻֲ㡣
櫣Ǿˡ
˶Ժ󣬻ѶˣЩ˶Ψհȥļ۸Ҳһ࣬Գһˣûռʲôˡ
οҲڰ
ȥյ˰ߣҵĻ˰յ͵ÿԺԲơ
ĦȭƣԼչֵĺʱ
ڴ񼪶£ԭΪӦûСūҶԸ񼪶֣׼Լ񼪶ץһˮ֮ڴİūŪȥ
иСūĸ˵񼪶аѱġ
񼪶ӣһӡ
ɰѳһӣ
ɲ壬ûйأ󾭳оŮйɲ壬ǲܲع壬ҲŮ
Ҳݵˡ
Ҳǲġ
ǹһˣһٽ顣
ӣΪܰĲƲȨ߬ϣعһӡ
Сū˵ǰҲ²ţǺӵ£
ΪһūūټԭķΣǳ˲ķĵڶʵۡʥԺͲһʲôصġ
СūǸоˡ
Ǳ񼪶ġ
о͵ȵľλ˵һλΪǲоҲڹУΪоƽ࣬Ҳǵ͵ˡ
оҲСԣҲظȥʥһˣһӶûҳԱһ档
Ը񼪶ôŸô
ǲԸоΪ飬оίӣҲֻܴݺѪ̣û˻ֹ
ҲʥԺ͸ˡ
ǿ޲ҲǷǮǿ֮ޣǸصˡ
һӣ⴫ȥҹûˡ
̶Сū˵ҪѿҹУ֪λԭɷ˭𣿡
¶ԷֻôĹˡ
СūС˵ԶڹȥҲ·̣Сúܣ˵ǳǣʵһ塣
̳ԷЦЦһ˰ɡ
Ҫǳˣҽһ롣
оĺôūȥɣΪ룬ԷҲԴġ
ūͷһ˷ܵ˵˵ķԸ
ūߺ󣬳̲˿˿ڷֱߵˮʱվڳߵ˺Ȼ֣ס˳̰ˮ͵ľٶ
ֻͰͣͬôÿƤ
ˣˮ̫ˣȵٺȡ
ʱգٴθܵ˱˹ŵĸо̧ͷϹܼ¶һõЦݡ
ܼҿųϵЦҲһЦȻ˵ˣǸ˲ãǺڵģܳ񼪶Ҳܳ
̣֪ʱҲҪģڶһ㣬ʱͺùһ㡣
̲ĿԿ飬˲ջֻΪջ󻹲
һ˳ӡ
ǳӵһжأֻԼ֪
оĵλͬ
ûмסոǸū֡
֪ΪʲôŴĻʵҪ˵ԼĹ¼ҹˣûʵأֻһ˵ĻԽԽˡ
ÿ˳ڳǰ̶ʶ룺ϵõЩʲôأ
ԼϷbossÿ˶ˢˢֵܲܵʲôװ
û˻bossѡ
̺Ȼ˵ˣ˰ȡ
˰˵˰ԭǿǮǴŻý˰ҪŻ뿪ǵʱǵý˰
ʱ򶼻һǮˣ˲ٲƲ
Ӷࡣ
Ǯ˵磬붼ǽģᵶˡ
ܼüͷ΢壺ˣǮ
ɲһάĳǣ˰ͳ˰˵ˣ̿òʲôô
˸վȻתͷ˵۹ųԶһ㿴
Ȼ˰ͳ˰ͻЩƽҲܹøЩ
̳ܼգգۣҵǮеıĵطá
ֿ⣬̣Щ˰
ֻԽԽ࣬Ϊתվĳǣܵõô
ˮʯٳɶࡣ
һڳԳɸӣ˾Զԣ
ǵĻҲǰ׵õģҲҪǮģҪǮ˻͵ģҪǮ˺ͻơ
ʱ򣬳ѾϵҲȶ
˾ͲõͼԼжˣϾʡһǮ
̣ͱϳԵʲô
ԺԼЦˡ
֪ĶЦ˵й˴кʲôʱ㣬һ仰ǣ𣿡
ڸ֮ɼһߡ
Ȼģ꣬ȴԶй˵ꡣ
ܼû׳ΪʲôЦóЦݺܺÿԴԺ󣬾ͷֳ̱ˣ̶̼£ֱóࡣ
ֻڣ̲űֳԼ˵һ棬ƺǰǸׯ԰ūǵйϵС
ܼҵϲԾĹ˴ȰЦݣ˵ˣԵļ弦⣬ҵһγôóԵļ⣬ֻϧûͷ
ܼڿᰮİװֵͷճͷʮ
ںܼѾҧˣҲѳԣθ֮󣬹ܼǸʮֻܵˡ
̣˿˵𣿡
Ϊ˿ԱģϾǳŮģĵ˿塣
ʱ嶼ʵʵʱ֮˺ֻðͷȻչ׳һʰ
ܼصǺĵ˵ˣ˿⡣
Ǹˡ
˿ʲôλʲô£ԽһڰڳﻹǺеλģǶǴ
㰫ǲóʣǸ˿ţֻҪɵͲ¡
ЦȻ㶼ô˵ˣǾúøɰɣʲôʱпգҲȥׯ԰ǱߡֻӺˡ
ׯ԰һԴҲǳ·
ԳǱҪ̲ׯ԰¶
ܼѵˣˮԺˡ
߻ȥˮ¶ã̲
ǲǸȥķˣܼʡ
°ͣһʱûˣżõõʱټɡ
ķڵĴһǧɣʥԺְԱ⣬ȫˣķҲûˣʥԺֻЩʥ䡣
Ȳ̸̸߳Լõġ
Ӽףѡ
ķھ͸˲ࡣ
̸̸ܼʱ򣬿˹ڱѩʿǻ
ʿƴ֪Լˣ϶ҪվҹܻȥϢ
ƾԵˣҲûɾ
˹ޱĿţȺֻһǿ۵ģǸ˲ȱǿ٣ֻһɲ֪ǺĺݾǱſڵأͷ­Ҳ߰ţŻ
˲һսʿһڰԼɵսʿ
˳òôҪǸħվһ𣬹ܰҲϳħ塣
Ǹֱſˡ
Ķ׼һȴȻ˹صֱ۵סˡ
һ˲䣬ڲ˶ͣĿȫſ˹ߡ
˹ضſڵϵ˵ʲô
Ǹһҧгݵ˵Լ֣
˹Ժû˵ģǻصովλӡ
Ŀɨӹȥͣµٴζ
ڣ˶롪λĽ̹٣ǲǵǵ֣
ոǸˣƾʲô˹֣
ҹ˹ذѳ§ڻ˵һ˲
̱۾ſ˹ϵζ˭
˹أа׶
۾ǲǰ׶Ǹ˼ǲˣ
˹ƽǺܼᶨ˵ͽа׶
̴˸Ƿ˿˹صţȻأ
˹أܵܣֻܵ
Ҳ˵Ǹֻȥ󣬶̡ܱ
̲̫⣺ߣҲҪܡ
˹˳̵Ķͷһô
̹Ƿ죺ʲôô
˹أҪӣõģĴھܰߵͬ
̵ͷòУ۽ǻ᣺ӡҲʱŪˡ
̣ǲ֪ԸӾ˶಻ࡣ
ǰֱץˣҸжץ߾ͻزȥˡ
ǳ̲ô򵥴ֱİ취
־ټˣҲΪĿ־ɢȥ


118 
ѩ·ڵʱ, ͨ·ѩȫ, Ļѩܵ˵ĴȣŲȽȥͿܰβ, ֻгΪţͷ˵Ĵɨ߶ȥʳ, ȥʳ⣬Ҳôš
б¯, Χڱ¯ȡů, ûб¯ľ͵һ裬̴ֻЩ, 뿪ǿţΪʡľ̿𣬳мҵˣҸӣõľΧһȦһ𿾻
ԷʱɶڻտһζҲܲ
Ȼ˰Ķû˾ζѳԡ
ڷ·֮ǰͶڹ˻, Ϊ˵첻ؽ˰ڸͳһ, ѵõĴﵽһ£ΪʳõĶ۸Ϊ˴̼, Ҳۡ
һѵ䡣
ԼǳԺ󣬵õĹ仯Ϣ
Σ֮󣬻
ڷ¯ȼٻɫĻ棬̺ӣŴ鷿ҵƤ飬Ǳ˵µĸ࣬кܶ˵һģһ֮⣬ȻкܶС顣
˵ҵమʮֹ㷺
ԼƤֽдЩʵйݳ޵ģֻµĹ򣬲
ЩС鶼оģʮֵǴ̫٣崵ڿܼ֣ΪǿԼԲ޴С
һ߳ſõƬһ߽ζĿ顣
Ǹܼһ𱻽ӹģȻԼͽܣʽס˳ǱҲѾˣڳΪֻ԰ķˣ԰ȺͰǻల¡
ûͻ
ǱǶ˺ǿΣС
ϾԭֻһϣǾóֻǡ
ڰҲˡ
ԼͽܣǲǴǻȻ󱻸ϳǱ
̵֪ǵ£˵ǲ֪˵ǳùܡȿɲǳصģ˵ˣ֣˵˻ܷչ꣬Ҫǲ֣ǰ߶αء
˹Ҳżˣżǿ˹أʿǶûзż٣ֻǼලǵ˻˶ѣǸұץ׳ˣ䣬ÿѩ￴ʿǻභŹ
̺Ϳ˹æµ˼£ܺúõϢһʱˡ
̲ûäĿֹۡ
ƻǻˡ
û취¡
ûкӵˣǲĸӵСǾڼھһʱҲֲˣԶĵģ˭Ҳ֪̫ʱǵ۾ܲ
ִгֺԴΪλ˶ڼм²űֵţʱˡ
ȵʱ׼ȷٵ˿ڡ
Ǹʺļڣí˾Ҫѳ֣ÿĲɫͬǱҪеģͷҲ³˳̵ĲϣʳҲһ⸬
ʲô̵ÿõʲô⡣
õѾԺڿϣȻһĨĨɱһ㣬ȻŽȥʱûиֻʱͻİֻܿ顣
ưҲ׼˺ܳʱ䣬ܰ⸬ǡô
ֻ⸬Ȼãɫ̼Ư
Ϊ⸬Բѽ㣬ճʱܴࡣ
ΨһΪùˣԺ氲ֻˢһǽ
òһ̨̫̾ɹ̫ԱߵϾͰˮ⸬Ƭ˹ؽʱ򣬿ľһĻ档
ڳ̵ϣԵóƤ𪡣
Ͼ̱Ͱףټϲô˶ɹ̫Ծ͸ˡ
˿˹صĽŲֻŲֱܷ˹غ˵Ĳ𣬳Ҳ֪ΪķֱǿΪħԭ
⸬𣿡һ⸬صݵ˹ߡ
׼˵Ŀ˹رһƬ⸬ֻܱȾ׽Ȼȥ
˹һߵϣǰһϲ˴ѩֱ̫֮ͣ壬̨¿ȥʱ·Ѿв߶ˣǳûѩʱȥǱܲҵյ֦Ĳݴԡ
ĲҶղãȴǺܺõӡ
ĵطʳãһֻٷڸպò͵ʱ䣬ʳ˳ӣʳõĺǶʮţͷ˲ͣƶʯĥĥĶǰľͰռˡ
Ҫ֮ͣץһѶţȻһΪ˷ֹסҪѸٷ棬֮͵ǰͷȥ
һָǮһָ
°˵ѵʱֻҪõһôˡ
ҲϿĻᡣ
ԣʱɲôףǶǺʵġ
˹أš
̵Ŀƣ¶һ΢Ц
ϣܱȽðɡ̳˹գգ۾
ڳɻͽڴ֣ΪȻûн飬ûкӣͽܶǴŮѡģȸɻʱ򣬰Ǻ˾Ա߿š
һɽݶοɽͷرС
ҲѰǵ¡
ʲôû
ͽȥǹù
ǳߵŮʹ˸ɫͽܹȥǹ޵ʱŮޱİѽǱһţǹޱ߷ڵأǿڵϣմһҡ
ͽܵǸվŲŮһۣŮæŵ˵ѽû治˼ǲ˰ɣ˵ôմأҲ̫Сˡ
վһ˵
Ҳ̫СˣǷǵĹӣ֪ж𣿶ƽһˡ
ǣҲⲻ𡣡
Ǯ򲻵ǡ
治֪ôĴôܽǲ

ȿ۰ǣҲ˵ڿл㼯еԵ˼
ȥķùǳȶԼͽ˵
Էվ뿪˳
Ȼð˶վڸԵһߣǱڽȷֳߵð֪˭
㷿ôǣƣ۾΢Уֳ⣬͵ȥİɣӴ͵ȥġ
ȻʳǳղǱ
ÿôɣȻĵλҲôߡ
ָʱһ㶼
ЦЦеĵ泯Űǣһͽߵ
ֻˣ޷Ͱǿ⣬ƲЦ˵ƾʲô˵ĸУˣΪ˭ҪĻɫ𣿡
Ǻܾûôֱ׵ĸŸɵˡ
ȰȸеǿѹͷߣǱֻˣû˱˽ˣ﹤˶ˡ
ŭӶԷսסˣƺһ
ڴʱһ˴˳Ĵš
վſڣޱ˵Ҫʱˡ
ȺͰһƫͷߣ
Ժ󣬰ʰǣĶ
죬̨ϵιָȥ
ʱΪˡ


119 
ȥһʱ, ˮɳɱ, һˮ⣬ܿܶɱ, ľֻ̿ʡãһ˼һ˯, ˺СмС
û˵ļͥȴѡ
ֻļͥ࣬Ϊ, Ѿˡ
ڹľǴɨֵţͷ, Ϊǵİȫ̸ÿ˶¡Ҫ˹, ѶԷūãʳסжţͷǱ֤Դ
ţͷǵǾڹúֻܲܳԶľ˵һٶܳԺÿ춼ˮȣסĵط©粻©꣬ɨֻܸţͷ˾һ𿾻𣬲˾ȥԡ
ÿ춥źɻ, ܸɵһǺ
ĸµʱ䣬֮ÿֵ˿, ٶˣ׼ȷܸ, Ҳܸ٣ǽӽʵֵģҲ̫
СС˿
Ϊһ˶
˵ȥû£Ϊȥ˵ȫˣͶʸã׵ò
ֻǳﻹһݣٶŮ˻ˣ⻹ֻǲģһвãûġ
ҲʱƽûʲôֻֲôܳţҲͱǵˡ
ԼҲࡣ
ҪǸŮˣƺͳˣôһ룬ֲ֧ЦЦöᡣ
˹ظմſڽϻһɺһףڱ¯ߴԼһʣЦʲô
ŴûʲôȥĶˣ
˹أȥѵۡ
ʿǵʱֻһ죬бµĿõã齨ԼĶ飬ûµľֻܱ˵ĶУһСʼʿǻƴһһ
ǾԼȻݲʿıҲһᱻʿܡ
ʿľ͸򵥣ԼʿҪǳΪСǰڵһˡ
ʿ
Ҫʼˡ紺ҪСջȻũҵΪҪԴػҪֵġ
̣Ҵְɡ
ֶ򵥵ķѡģСľͳˣ֣ǾѡģȻЧԣõġ
ٱȱԭֺãСֱ
Ȼָ̲ܿԸ㣬ԼʳǻиİȫС
ѩȫڻ¿ʼߣ޷Ժ󣬴Ϳʼˡ
ÿȥţĦ˹
Ħ˹ͿգĦ˹ΪԼδԼͿգ˶Ƕ£һ쵽ҲģȻ˵Īꡣ
ЩǰȥģΪܶ⻧ˣԶ˺ܶء
̶Կ˹˵ȥȫջ
Ҹɸģ̫ãҲ߲
ϾҼһͬũߵĳҲͬõҲͬ
Ҳ׼ѴƬһˣԼƸֵأǸְҵÿл룬Ȼոɵø𣬳Գõֲ취߲
еĻʵҲǲԸ㡣
⵹Ǹ뷨
ϾǿɸֵضȥģֲеģҪԼҵ¸ɣܲǶʳ
˹룺ԣҪ׼ʲô
̣ũߺǮ
Ǯǲȱģ֮˵Ǳ߻ԴԴϵǮ͹Ǻ;Ҽ۸ƻһֱӸ߲£Ϊ˲ļ۸µԸȥԶĵطҲھͽĳһۣǾƼ۸µ
ںϲˣǵΪõʱ
Ԫĸԣˣ꣬Ԫ˰أ˰ܵͣ͵ļԼޣԪû෴ǳԣ
˵һ˴ģʹõֽʣȻһУԪһѽӵʹõĳ޼
վһִ˵ؿʷ̾ԪᵹƸ̶̲Ļʵ۸»ٶйϵΪ̫죬һûʵУͻᱻһƷ
ټϺ׺߱ƷӾìܣڲȨ̫࣬²˰ԼڵĻߣŵѸѸ
Ԫһֱߺҵķأ
׺壬̣ʵδûϣΪ峯
һһ֮ЧĲԣͲ׸ġ
ֻһƬңٻ
׼Ǵһ̳ǣͱҪƶй˵ߡ
ҪǸôͬʱҲҪǻȨ
ȡ˰ͳ˰񻹲°ͣĺô
̺Ȼ˵ҪȻͰѸйص˰ȫȡֻս˰
˰ʱͨ׵Ļֵ˰ա
˰һ㶼Ҷģų̂С˲һ㣬к̨Ĵ˻û˰
ҲԼı˰취˼˽Լ˳ǽ׾С
ｻףղ˰
˹غȻ˵˲ս˰ô
룬ϸ˼һ¡
ս˰ôǾͲԸǣϾʹȥ߽Ҫֺʱģôɵ¡
̣˰С͵֧취ͿУ˰ձȽϴأ˾ͻǮñһǣ֧˰١
˹룬ȷʵҲǸ⣬˵ֱӽֹ˳ǽף
ҡҡͷô򵥵£ֻҪ©һֻ꣬ϣһϰߡ
һϷ˰ϰߡ
Ը
Ȼ͵˰˰£óĺܣƽС֪˰ˡ
̣Ϊûоӡ
̫ѨҪԼĺϷװͷˡ
˭ȭͷ˭ġ
ڸǺôδΪûǿƶĹ
齨̻ɡ̺Ȼվ
ȥԼˣǵΪ˵档
Ǹ
̻ᣬǵĻﶼɱɵ̻ܿأǿԵۣԾ˭˭
Ȼ̻ӵƿȨûµʱ̿ʲôܣµʱ̿ϵ
ұҪȫڳ̵ƿ֮£
ֻҪƽ£ڵжо
̼ܹȥס˹һڣ뵽ˣ
˹Īǻһ³̡
˳ΪǵĵΪǵĶܡ
̼ԼӸڿ˹صĻͷһԺ˵ҿ
һֱ⣬ҵ˽취
ǿһǲеģ˹أħƽҲС
ҪǼ̵֧Ž
Ҫ˶
Ǻ죬Ȼ˭´


120 
ͺͺðɫҶҰҲ, һ, Ͻͷ, Ϊѩ·òͣڳҲʼҺͻ׼뿪˹¶ˡ
Լһģʽ, ǲͬһط̫ãûʱ, Ҫ߶, ͬһط̫ãԺͻ۸µ
ֱ˲ڴС
ǳ, ߳ȥ򲻻뿪ĳС
ףСűڽֱˣͣº˫ֳϥǣ̧ͷеʣھҪߣ
׳ЦЦһ죬ʱѾˡ
Ŵƺ˵Ļ, ֧˺һʲôû˵
˵ļ򣺡һ, ʱһԷɡ
죬įĵͷ
һʱ򣬳ǱķȻܹһȺ, Ⱥ˶ЩͷĴˣרȥУʱǣֻһڣ׻ΪǲûͬǱ
ȻЩ϶ſŵģԳ֮Ϊ˷ܵЦݡ
ǻصĵط˵ѻжҲˡ
Ҫ׷ӡ
Ҫֿ⣬ҪС
뼯вԶĵط
һ뵽Ժÿ쿪ţ

׵һС˵ˣǻ𣿡
Ŵ̧һֻ֣ȹȥʡ
ô˶˷ܳһʲôϢ״߹ȥ̬ǫĳΨһϵĴɭ£ǲ׼뿪𣿡
ɭмֽ飬׷ԴǻеѪԵϵѪԵϵʮϡ˭Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ɭԸһЩô
ǸոȥˡɭЦ˵ҲţϾǸϢ
׸ŰɭߵԶȺĵطɭ˸ǣԺﲻճ˰˰ˡ
ײؿŰɭɭ̯֣ʾԼҲΪʲôҪ˵ô϶ԭ򣬵˵ôǺԵġ
ɭȻѹ˻齨̻ᡣ
״˼̻˼ʵ֯Ǹʲôõģ
ɭ˷ܵβס̻Եۣ̻˵һСʮͭ壬ǳСˣܸڻۼۣҹгģץߡ
˵˰ͳ˰ȡֻǮ
ô̻ζǵõȨ
˵ĵλͣΪڲͬĳ֮ߣԴ˶ܹȨĺôǾ㲻ߣҲᱻصĴѹ
ϱûʧ֮ǰǱսսΨֵϱ⵽Էİ㡣
׵ɴ۾°Ͷˣһǣۣͬ
Ǵûй£
ÿһļ۸ģʱȽϴʱȽС
ȫͳһ̫˼ˡ
׺Ȼ˵ȻߣҲˡ
׻ǣǡϱҪǳô죿
ɭЩЦĹôʱû˹ܣڳ֣ܵ𣿶Ҿãϱʧ١
ףʲô
ɭ۳Ǳķд˼֣أλˣǸгԼ˴ڵġ
һ˼ǣϱɱˣ
ɭЦЦҲǲµģɱ˻ǹˣ⵹ˣȥֿɣȥ˹ƾûֿˡ
ٴγɭȻԼ̶ӡ
һĹ򣬳еĲֿⶼ˳ȥû⵽ֿҲΪ˵ˣڳǱ߶ཨһЩֿ⡣
ûʲô仯ĳУôµЩշѸٵı˳ڸ޼ҿɹƶ߾õǼ֮ЩӾͱǡ
ʵҲ⣬ÿ¸̶ķ⣬һޣ׷Ӿˡ
͸ֻ࣬û׸ˡ
Ҫ˻´Լϵ̯λԭֻǶ̯λȻ̫ϸĵĴȻҪ͵úúòһ¡
мҲκϰǻԼǮΧأȻʯ塣
ʯѵõȵһ⡣
ΪǵĻԾСƽܿҵ˹
кܴһƽ¿Ȼʳû۵ĶһģͭԽԽ٣ͷµ˱ˣܶŹҲøࡣ
֪ΪʲôʧҵʵᶯҲڽˡ
¿ÿ˶÷겻һţֻǵĳܴѾǺܺƽй취ˡ
ʿϣũ˹𣿡
ϸ̵ȥˮѾ·ˣӦûҪʱ䡣
˹¶˵רŵʹٶħ壬ֻҪʱܸأ˹¶˵µϢʮּʱ
Ҳʱѣɴ˸㡣
ͷϣ첻ֳʲô°ɡ
ˣ˹˵ʿѵˣũû֮ǰȥѲߣάΰ
̺˿ˮԿ˵˵һ֪ʲôõ¡
̷ˮˮеˮϣǾֻȥסһʱˡ
˵ΣȻ뵽ʲô
̧ͷſϣǲǹصˣ
Ͼǿϵķ£ǵñȳˣи˱档
գգۣ˭
ϣ֮ǰ·ʱµˡ
㣬˴ԼˣµĳͷʱӦùˣͲҪ˷ѵԴҲҪ˷ʳˡ
ųɡ
Ǳˣ뿪˵Σ¶꣬뿪ʱԼӵˣʹ飬֤ԼԺһʵʵˡ
̵ǲ֪뿪Ժ󣬵ȥȾεĿֲεʺûиɾĸɲݣֻ˯ϣҵλû˴ɨÿԵĶȵĳģԲ
϶Ԩ£
Ҳ뱻ؽȥˣ
ԼΪ˵һʱ֮ܶŹ࣬ˡ
ʿǣҲʽѲߵĸλһӣʿҲѵʱıȷӳȻû˹֡
ʿÿ춼ѲߣǴһʼĿ־嵽ϰΪҲֻ˼ʱ䣬ũҲ˵ˡ
µ쵽»ǰûҵټǿԱȥǱֵأÿй̶ʮöͭңȻոɻĶ쵽ڿĻһʮͭûʲô⡣
ԭЩҵĳУѸٵ졣
ҪģǸЩù
˼Ժū⣬ккͶĳ
ôæôãڵջʱˡ


121 
ͷܶ, ſڰ˻, һչֻϲʱ伯УڼѾ, ÿ춼ţʲô, ؼŵ
ҲǵĲϣ۸˵̫, Ҳ, ο򶹸鶹Ұ, һȣһůͱķˡ
гҲһһãȻ࣬ɵǲ٣۸񲻱ˣܶ˼һٵһ㣬ؼһֱӳ, ζ
С̯Ҳ̯ˣȻҪ̯λ, ̯λѲ࣬ҹ⣬·ܿ, ҲܿɹۣȻҪǮˡ
Ȼ֪ĺάֶãһһ죬ÿ춼Ҫúϧ
ƽ֣ÿһӵĶ۸һġ

ǰҲĶֻҪҧҧǮ
ǿ飬ʮͭҾһС飬Ȼ˵С飬ԺܽʡųԺܾãԳˮûôԹ˵ܳԵҸˡ
ҲڵӺùصĶͷѹͼ۸Ҳõ̧߼۸֮Ҳڲ֪ԭܴƽǮڹ١
ȶģÿ󣬲˹ȫܰѶԷĻȫ£˰óȥʱҲۡ
ͷԽԽˡ櫸ɭġ
ɭóóʾƿγľԺһڣԺԽԽġ
ЩЦЦڱ̾櫣һӶģɹ˷档
櫣ãȫҲǮ
иȫ׵ĵطţԴԴϵǮ˭뵽ܣ¶ޣ
ҪԼԸӣҪôвסҪô⡣
ɭûоãжūˣ
æС˵˵Ǹдӵĵؾ͸ˡ
ɭǲ֪ΪŷǴҪūЩʲô
ǺԸ˱ĵģ˲Ǯȥ
ֻҪһƨĻᲢףλӼô뿪ǱҲԷƢ
ͽǱ˵ˣһֱҲûʲôʾ
Ҳ֪֪ѾôˣȽӹ׵ľǸͱʯȽϳľȾõĲϺͷۣ˾̵͡
Щ鶼̽׶
׶ڿǾСֶӵĶӳˣÿžǸɻ
ڳǱÿҲɨһ³Ǳûʲô˵Ľ䣬һ͹ܱٶҲûˣҵ¹
ǰ֪Ϊʲôе㳯׶չƣȶڳԷʱ˵һСȶܳԣΨһֵҵǣٳԲ˻ûܳΪڶ׶
ĳеĵһֲҵͣҵ
ƽûʲôӰ졪ԺͶĳǶǮ˲ȥӻĵطöĹˡ
ϾĹöģȫˣŶȥȺ㼯ĵطǵһȾߵˡ
Զĳͣʱûʲô˳
ǼԺͣʱϲ׼˿ʼ˽
̳š
гйӦǽģֻܱ֤ͨһԽ
üùĶԶù⡣
ȻĽͿʼˣĳȫĽгҲǾƹݡ
Ժȫĳùݡ
ԭ湤湤Ը⹤ҲǿȥĶȥĶ
ҹ涨ҲϸϸһĹԱزپҵǽҲʱȥ
뿪Ҳв٣˶Ը¡
Ͼ˵Զÿҵһ
еĵǱȶĳͼԺ죬ԭεгÿ컹ҪϰԼϽˣʮˣ˵һɲˣȫ
й̶Ŀˣ
ڼеۺͳһǻǻ۵ģܻѼ۸ǳܵķΧڣƽȻҲ͸ԸȥУôȥĶ⣬ǻ֪ȥĶ˭鷳
ҹĻٵʱлû˯˵һɵʱ򣬽ֵ߶ȼŻѣиĵ涼ʯ壬·߾ˮףΪ˷ֹ֣ÿ춼רҹ
ǰû˻ûȼһ
Ǳĸǣ֣̯λһЩС⣬Ҳ켣ȺУﻹһߣߵֲܴڣľͷģԵһЩẹ̈ϵɫҲޣʵôÿ
̾ʱɫŴĺܶ๤ƷۼգԶִģΪÿʱͬļͬǶһ޶ۡ
ߣס̧ͷ˹Цòÿ
˹ؿų̵۾ʮϵ˵ÿ
߲ÿµ˺ÿ
Цȥǣ˹ص֣ȺŮİ˵ҼңҰְ˵Ҫҽ顣
գգۡ
Ǹֱ׵Ů
İҲˬ˵ã¸¾ͽ顣
İ˺ܿӳ߾̿ԶȥıӰ˹صơ
˵
˹ȴȻ˵ˣ
̣
Ҳûзϣֻǲôĵ˵˾˻飬Ҳû˻ᵱġ
ֻں֡
˹غȻͣ½Ųʣҽ𣿡
̺ĵͷΨԼˣ˹ؾͻỳġ
ǿ϶Ҫģһᶨ˵ڻС
˹ص˵ȥ
̣վߵĵطܰʵ˶ںֵʱٽ顣
ԷһԶıϣϾʱ߹飬ǲģһ˿ͷĴˡ
̺ܾûôԹˣ˵ʵϸ룬Ҳûʲô
ǱЩ˵Ҫ
ǺæҲû취㣬˵æҲǽڡ
ô˵ԼֺŵһС
Щæҵŵʲô
Լ
Ŵ˵ڰңҲ֪˰ٺħ⣬һΪʲô
̿˹أĿϣ۾ҫǡ
һ˹Ĵ硣
ƺĺƺһС
ΨһʵģǴʱŵֻ֣ů
̵ķ·𻯳һ̲ˮ
֣صضԿ˹ر֤һ죬Ҫ֪ҵӡ
˹أ
Ȼܸж˹ػûס̲סʣΪʲôɷ򣿡
գգ۾
û
һ
˹εĿ
Ŀȴᡣ
ÿһγ̳޷ܾ
ƺܾ˺
˺̡


122 
ſ̨ϣʪŷֺ͵ذ, 鲼Ⱥ, ѾմˮȻ, ֻŵͷɻ
ףȿˮڽ
ʪˮ˴꣬Ťɺڷ, Сȥˮ
ںȵˮǹ˺еģҪܺȡ
׽ӹˮ, һ, һˮܿ˵ס
Ҫˡ˵ŮЩãŴ⡣
Ҳã, ǻͱڼ˺͸ĸǶֻһģӡ󣬵ŮʵһܵͼĹļŮһ»ڹլۡвģôܻڷ, һ㣬˲̫ĥ˵Ļ, Ҳȥ
ǵײ㣬ձƫòҲôá
ֻܽӵ͵ȵĿ, Щ˻ʲô񱣬ŲǮǮҪŹǣڴϵļŮ಻ʤûκαϡ
ǮʱȻǼԺصıΣҪʲôʲô
һЩС嶼ĲҲܴϣһƯȹӡ
˶ûеķ⡣
ɳɰǧŮУֻܳˡ
ı£һѵŮʬǣǴԼ
ǻûʱ򣬾ͿʼֲβõģûʲôвͿ˵壬һԼ𽥸á
˵ڳǱŮ˸ġ
Щٶ۵ĵͷôƯ˻ϲġ
ɯҲˡŮ̾˿ﻹЩĽأλ˻ûӣӦܹӡ
ǻ֪Լδʲô
г·ŮѾˣֻʣЩûг·ԺԣӦóΪùˡ
ùݶԣùǳͨùݵĴ󣬷Ҳݻ
˻ǮҲߣֻһùݶѡ
׺Ȼ˵ôסĵطжԡ
ڱץס֮ǰ˹ܳʱ䣬ÿ춼ڽͷҰʳʱʶһкһҳԵģһ˯ڰխ
к˵뿪֮ǰҲһãöԴʱǻ
˷ӳˣץס
ܣôˣ֦׷ȥҪȻȥ
ȻЩ˴
ڵϣѪȾһС棬˷Ӷ棬ֻܺޣȴʲôҲ
Ϊ𣬿ô˷ӣǵó˵ˣֲֲ֪ԼΪʲô
ƺΪġ
ûܴӹĶעһܾĥȨˡ
׻ص̨ϣŷֺ͵ذ壬רעĸŻֻܷſմԡ
ﻹһٶŮĿʮˣСֻʮ꣬ҲûʲôֻһʮŮܾĥŮĻú顣
һɨأһ߳ĸ裺
˯£ԶȺȮ
ƺܿʹŮܽڳʲô
ʮıܽͣ¸質Ҽĸҥǰڼҵʱҳ˵ҵɤӺã
Ůˣôᵽ
ܽɨһѹͱˣָߣһֻ񣺡ҰְǷүǮְ־Ͱˡ
Ůˣ㲻ְ֣
ܽŤŤǴֲڵ鲼ȺһƯĻȣ˵ޱȰãҲȰʹ࣬ҲҪްְ֡
ҺʹҲң
ܽɨɾ˽µĵأƿһȴӣսո£ȴӣɢһӵͻת˵ԺҪǮˣ
Ůˣѵǰڹ𣿡
ܽ˵ҪԼ˫Ǯ
һĵĻ̫гɳȴûбû
Ů׼Ѵ򿪵ʱùݵĴźȻƿˣµҪҪûȱĶǰδҲֻǴǰ
ΪǸŮˣƱ˺ִҪ²СİɷˣɷҲԼӴ
µй¹Ժõˣ͵õ
µ󻹴ЩǱ˹ؽѵˣʮйأȥԺĿбӣֻǰչµķԸȥÿ鿴ǷɾϵǷԵ
µŮѵ
µ֣ŮǾ˹ȥۼڹµǰ
µĿбӣûпЩŮ˵ֻ֮ǰõĸ˵쿪ʼҪʽӪҵˣ
ùݾͻΪ˹¶ùݣӴĿǣǵְǱɾдסΪṩܵķ񡣡
ǣ
ҪסùݣǶʱǿԾܾ˺ҲѰѲİ
Ҫ˽ºͿףһ־ͻᱻϳ
±࣬˵ùݻṩסĵطҲṩʳÿǶõʮͭҵĳ͡
ùݵãö࣬ǾͻõĽ
𣿡
Ůǻ࿴һۣС˵ˣˡ
˿ⱲӶûôŮ˴ڻ˵ˣҲڷ
ºߺŮֿʼȥʰҪӪҵˣòʱѾ˻ǲ֪᲻˵ס
ÿʮöͭȷʵǸϢ
ǰڼԺȻһͶܳԵ·ҲɼԺ÷ǴòǮλߵļŮҲûͭҺͽҵģֻнװƷϸĲƥ֯Ⱦɵĸ߼
ҪѽƷǮңҪ·ġ
ʮöͭҿ࣬ǵĳסǮʮöͭѾ㹻ˣܴˣɲˣһ׷ӣֻֻèܲ
ܽĵùﱼܣĽŲȹ¥ݣְ졣
ײñܽŪܳĽܽĽܽӵĻĽܽڱ֮ɱֹ۵̬ȡ
Զ֪ƣ˵С飬ÿ裬ͻúܿ֡
ڶ죬ùʽҵˣŮǴŻ˵ȹӣԼִĺܸɾùݵſڰ˻еĴţɾ
·ֻſΧۣȴûһ˽ȥ
бźӵĸ˳վſڵŮ˿ĭ
ŮǽӲվţӵһһɨǵͷһܸ߳Уƺصķˡ
ֱһλ˵١
һǳƥ̤ǰƥߴͣƤë͹ˮ·Ź⣬Ҷţſ򻹵ŷµĻơ
ֻƾһʶĴˣȻһλݸ߹ˡ
·ߵûбϣվԭأϢȴλ
һֻƿš
˵һ۾Ϳֻ֡
һָֻϸǽڷ֣׵ЩۣΪףֱϵʮԣһֻ˵ָ֣֣Ҳһֻ֣һũ񣬻һˡ
ȻҪΪ߹Ĺ塣
ϢԴȴλ¶Ŀ


123 
ÿ˶Ŀתǿֻƿ˳, Ȼ󡪡
һˡ
һͷ΢΢صĳ, һɫӣں°ɵĻ, Ϊϸ廨뻹ûЩֲܴ, 㲻ϴ壬ʱѾǳܹˡ
, Զ˿˵, ȴѾʶĵͷ˳̬
ȻλĴ˾ô߽¿ùݡ
վԵŮԱҲֻܿԷĿбӵĲ
û, ޷ݵȥԷòֻصȥԷÿ
ѵóһˣȻҪһӪҵùݺ;ƹ
ʵùݱȾƹݺùھƹݡ̻־ںȾƵĵطŪи߶ѳҪþƵؼԼȣڵľƾŨȣԼܷҲס
һҲĺ, ֻմƣװѡ
߽ùݵĴ, ʯ壬ùݱɨһȾ޽ʱ䲻Ľ, µ
Ӵ˵Ůдվڴм䣬ǰһľľϰŹԿ׵ľơ
̬Ⱥܺãǹ΢Цֻסһ
ӴŮ˲ͺˣ̫࣬ֻҪԺģΣӶһǰ˲һ
Էܸɾûһаࡣ
ǡס䡣ŮæľƵݹȥ
̲סЦˣһ칤ģӦҵֺʹȻǼǡ
Ůɵˣ
ŮѸٷӦ˹óľëʣе˵ʲô֣
Ц˵´μסͺˡ
̣ҽг̣סڳǱ
Ů˵ɴ۾ʱȻ֪ηӦ󡭡ˡ
̰ڰ֣ͭҷϣȻӹľƣſȥ䡣
ŮҲȫûо飬ܿһŻɫȹӵŮСŸǣȥ䡣
ʹһɨĺܸɾ
ҲϴɾɹˣΪǰӴĶǴ˺͹壬ԱӶޱ޻ļãӲ֪Ҳ
һù˵Ѿǳݳˡ
̶ظ˵ùݿݻùݡ
ȴߣ˵ķֻҪʮöͭңҲֻһö
ƽȻǲסùݵģƽҲԸһ컨һöͭҵصľס
ùݵĿˣԭĿͻȺǹסˣ·ʿְԱԼعˣĹ
ȫǲǮʿ
ʱ򣬱綬죬ǿ԰Ѽ۸һЩ
ҾƵĹ滮Ҳг̵ֱʣÿ涼ӣŲͬķţΪ˷ֹ˲ʶ֡Ͼ󲿷˶äõͼһʾˣһʾԽȥɨ
ÿ϶͵ͣǿѡģֲͬϡ
ڴϾֻû׼סһϣĴĴˣ˺޵棬޵ᱡҲݣǳޱҲƵúܺã
ϣסһ𣿡ߵߣùΧвΧ۵ˣЩеֻ֣еƺԾԾԣסס
վſڣܼԽԽãϵԽԽ
˵ĻֻʣΪǸʮˡ
ʱǵƽҲʮңܻʮ궼ˡ
ܼܻʮģǷëǡ
ιٵҲֻʮꡣ
ҡҡͷ
̣߰ɡ
ϻȥƹݿھƹľƶǳ˵ģСռЩѾƸƣȻ󣬵ֻһΣƵıȽϵ͡
סԺֹ˺ܳʱ䣬ӭ˵ڶλˡ
˴ɫ޵ķΣһƽ󻹸ʮˣûϴλ߲еư·Ǹˣվſڵͷض˵ˣ˹¶ùݡ
Ϊ˵Ǹˣһͷɫĳ𷢵ɫǳҪǳһЩƾͻɫٺƯǺΪԣļҵĹСŮװķһȦ˵ŻУɡ
ˡֹ
ƫͷ˫ĸ̱ʯһ۾ôˣ
С˵ﲻùݡ
·æ˵ùǼԺĽģˣùݡ
ڴ﹤Ůǣ˿ɡ
˵꣬ʹ˽ȥ
ܿдǺ˼ǣ˷ǮסȻǼ۸ķ䣬סͨ䣬˵ģҪʮöͭһ
λĴˡŮһС˵
һΪλС㡣
ͷƯ
¥ʱúͳŵĳײѺõĳԷЦЦȴüͷ壬ͷһ˦͸̲
գգۡûûҲôɣ
ԼûٸоǿںòС
ڽ˷䣬æţŰѶñȥûñӵڵ˵ȫ¶ڴӴ¡
ǸŮˣһѰŮԸǿ׳Ůˡ
үŮСʣȥˮɡ
ҡҡͷãһùûгòͰɡ
Ůͣõģү
ɳϣһڣͬʱʮί
ԼԸسģĸϳˡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣ΪǸֻԸͬŮĹˣ˶ǳۻİ֮С׽ףҲԸӵԼʿǱķ涼ԼĸҪǿΪһʼûм̳оλϣ
Ҳ⣬ί뿪ʱ򣬸û˵һĻ
ûԸΪ㽫
ŮͻԺ԰˵үǰʳú͹
ЦЦˡ
ŮæҡͷΪү£ࡣ
Ȼ˵ұϳҪǡ
ŮͣүԸģ
εЦЦҪοˣߵʱ򻹸źݻԼҪȥҪʲô֪
ŮͣүҪȻסһʱɣ
Ǿ˺ܶУģȫˣôļС
Ů֮ǰ·ʱЩŻ
ֻõүŮ˰ȴүϸеġ
ոǸˡȻ˵񡭡
Ůʣôүʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷûʲô
ֻǾöԷƺ˲һ
ҲŹķΣȴĹ塣
룺ҪǻǸˣһҪԷ˵仰


124 
ֻ׼ùϣֲһֱڷ, ͵Ե, ʵǿıһƬûʯ, ùݵ壬̾Ҳͦ, ܱһʼȣȻֱǿ
ߵ, ̬ױ, οĹԱûедͷľ飬ҪʱȥϤ¸λ, ¸λϸͬĥϡ
ڳ̳Ƭ׼һ뿪
˻ٴλʱͷԼǸһͷǳɫŮˡ
һŮӣŮûʲô
֮̿ãȻȫÿĻǿ˹ء
ҽаѵùԴ
ЦЦ̡
˿Ҳе𣿡
ҡҡͷסֻ¿ùأߣ
Ҹסĵطѡ
Ŀгã
̣
˹
̵һ˵˹, ƺǸȽңԶĳУǳ˾, ϾؿŰ΢Цʣ˹ûȥǶʲôز𣿡
û뵽̻, ҲûκηԺ˵˹ʢʯ
˹ܸУеǰҡ
ƽ٣ҪôΪ˰ҵˣҪôΪūոһھűʯڳıʯֵƣȴһͭ嶼ò
ʲô˵ģϾ˹ԭͺܳ
˹ÿ춼ҺʥԺȥٱʯͻƽԼĴĥʽӿ˹ȥıʯüǮ
ָϾʹһöƽָǶһɫıʯϵҲһ
һλеСү
ЩĶ˹Ķ֪
ұʯȲϹʢʱмֵҲȲʳʱá
ȱȱ԰˵ϣ˹¶졣
˵Ժ󣬳̾վſ뿪
ȵȣȻƿվǰһҪסȥĲ
ͣ½Ųֵתͷʣ𣿡
ЩաҲ֪ԼΪʲôסֻ̣ǾԼӦöԷô뿪
ҡֻ֪סĶԺܲȥݷ㡣
ЦЦסڳǱ
Ȼ̻ӻ֣ˡ
ų뿪ıӰЩ㶵վԭأֱŮҵү
ŮһۣŮ;ȵôô찡
һ̣һæתûʲôǾԷɣ͵ȥˡ
ŮСʣղţһλС
ͷǸˣ
Ů˿ס죺үǡ
ЦЦ˲һ
ŮϲЦˡ
ǲǾ˵үܹáˣ
ʱڿʼүͲԸκ׽ǸŮǴһ𣬵ôүȴûйˡ
үǸܸӵˣϲˣĳ˵ҲŮˣֻǸԸŮ˴һ𣬵ֲԼǸŮˡ
ڿ˹ʱ򣬺ܶ͵͵ڱ˵үǸ
˵үΪԼŮˣ׽Ϊߡ
ֲ²ⶼС
Ů˵׼һҪȥǱݷ
һʱܣҸط
˵ԴѾ鲻ˣʲôԭµģԼҲ֪
˵ʱľͻȻһУǿҵ޷رܣһֱĥ
Ůæͷ
̳극ʱҲ˹ԼùˣӦÿ˹ĺӣĴŴ磬ôΣֻĺӻô
ԼﵱȻǰȫģԴÿǻ᲻ᱻ˵ĺӾͲô硣
˹غȻüʣ˵úÿ
̵ͷﻹӣƯС
˹صɫˣĿӡ
̺֪ķӦ˹Ҳϲ֡
ÿ࣡æ貹ã㲻Ҳÿġ
̸оԼ˵ˮƽ½ˡ
ֻתƻ⣺˹ʢʯһǵһ˵ôʯĵط
˹̧ۿ˳һۣޱʣѿ˹֣
ҡҡͷǵǡ
ʯǻңȻװƷֵԶ
Ͼܳ䵱װƷܳ䵱ҡ
ҪĽͺˡЦ˵ҾҪǿҲǽֵ
ڽʵһʥԺȻڵģʵصÿ˸潻⣬ĶԴԼ
ȻҲУǵ޷ֵֹͣʱ򣬿ٶȸϲϽٶȡ
ڡ
ҺʥԺսʱڣЩӵнֻһһͷۡ
̿˹ػޱ飬֪ԷˡͲÿ˳úÿԹԺ󣬿˹Ȼ˷䣬Ǵġ
ûȥĵطֱӻ˷䣬ֱλεضԳ˵ˣҡ
̻صʱ򣬾Ϳ˹رվڴǰҹӿ˹صĶߴ˿˹صĺɫ
˹⼸ûʲô仯ʱûκӡǡ
ߵ˹Ȼ֪˹һܲĶӻҪġ
Ҳǿ֮ġȤ
ߵ˹󣬻ס˿˹صõŽŲܰ°ͷڿ˹صļϣڿ˹صĶʣˣ
˹û˵
ֻ̣ǿһĳࡣ
תһ롪Լƺûп˿˹˺ÿ
ǰ
ϾҲĵ˹˵˹ϲŮжƯ
ҲֻڰҲԵݣ˵úÿƺͬ壬ʵȫһģһ˻е
͵·Ů
һȫŮգȴ˵ġ
һִҸиΥ͸С
ƯҲֻˡ
̣Ӧûݷң㿴ʱˡ
˹صЩ䣺ݷʲô
̰ѿ˹رúܽһͥүһµطʱ뵽ĵһ¿϶ǰݷõ
㵽ʱ˾֪ס˿˹ص֣㻹𣿡
˹תͷʲô
˿ڿ˹صĶ䡣
˹صĶ⶯˶Ŵһܲˬӡ
̣Ҫȥƹݵģȥˡ
˹˵ôȥˣѵ𣿡
ڿ˹صĶ˵Ұ˽Ҫҡ
˹ص촽һֱߣҪʲô
̣ҪҰο
˹תͷѾ·ϻû˵ĺۡ
˹صĺ¹
ƺԶܾ˳̵ջ
ɿʵԶ޷ܾˮ


125 
ϼһԵôࣿŵͿͬ͹ʳ˿ĭ
ͬüʲôֱðɡ
Ц˿
˿벻, 춼, ΪԼͬҲŰʳ˽ȥÿϱͷ, ѾͳĵãҲûϱ, һһ޹ؽҪֻҪ˶С
˵, ˰ϱڳǱ, ѵöԷڳǱ
ʲô²ɣҪţ
Ͱ, ͬǿģȻһߵ̨ϳǳԵİĳģǰİɲһ
˵ǰİȺóԲ٣һɣŻóЩڵİտڳҲó, ֪ͳԹˡ
ľŵĸЧ, һľ壬ֲǹסķ䣬һ㱡ľžѾܲ, ϱѾǱܸ˺һָµĳ̶ˣһͷҷݣϻһɳûϴζ
ֻȵþˣԼŲζˡ
ǵԼʲôʱ򱻹ؽģֱ˶á
ϱ˼ԼڵĴôöûûи̸ף֪Ѿûˣϱֻ벻ףôʱ䣬ôྫ£ˣô׵ɢˣ
Щ˿ɶǴˣǵθڴúܣϱԭųܰιǰǲ߷
ڵƿѾɹһˡ
ӹҲźӻҡ
ܲܳȥҲ˵׼
ȥʱųȥǺųȥҲ˵׼
ϱ˼룬Լĥˡ
̿ɲϱʲôҲûжӣ̶ˣ˵ǿݷõģһʯ˼ǴֱʣǿǮϣҲֱӰ˸ϳȥ
ֻزùߣһû˵ϼ仰ȫ̵ͷ
ÿʱǱסβ͵èϵǿߵʱԼһţһֻͷڹꡣ
ǳֻԼȥǱôˣָܹܸ·ģ·
ʲôë°ͣοϣ϶ûϵֲǹޡ
ԼҲĪҲԼףڿǰǺԸ⵱ĿƵĹܼҵġ
Թͣ˵µĳӾˣһǺ;ƾͰ棬Ѻ˻Ķħ壬ܿڳȻ󲨡
֪⸽еطǲƣһֱûǴġ
ЩǺ;ƵˣȫǱôҲ˲Щ˳Ⱥӣ䵥߻ܸŲòªˣץסʶС
ǶˣҲ̯ˣֻԼҵĻƿãȫ˲ֿ⡣
Ǻ;ҪжȻֿֿҲһ쵽š
Ҳм䣬ڵĵλΣΪ֮ǰֱ̫࣬櫼ȥԼⶼ׽ֵܣԼһ衣
޳ֻ̣櫺ֵܣԼĸ׶ˡ
Լºܴ󣬻ͣ櫺һţҸײԼ֧Լȥ櫶ԶģûģдĶǱˡ
櫱˷Աߣˣ࿴ᡣ
櫡
櫾ֱ׶ˣֱ䳰ȷүڼҳ̣ʲô
һʲôϵ㻹ǹĹԼɣҲԼжĶӣôθڡ
˶һۣűӸԷվһ
ж֮ǲһѷȥҹ¡
Ǻ;׼ô
۸
û˵ʲô
Ҳʲôʵͷǣ˺ܲͷİ˵ʱ֪ˣǱΧţʲô֪
˵꣬¾ͽˡ
֪ΪǮжԼܵһ㣬Ҫǿʵϲߡ
Ǻ;ȫǵĺ䶯ƽ𣬵ҲԿ
ǮļͥҲڵţܻܲǮһЩڼڳﰲοˣҲ˻ǮԭͲļͥǲСġ
ÿϲ׼в׼
Ǻ޲þסڲֿԱˣʲôʱֿ⿪ˣǺ;ƣߡ
ȻˣԼû򵽣Ǿ̫ˣ
̲ͻ˵Ǻ;ȱ·˵ʲͷ̶ӣȥУڱǰҪ̫ƽˣ˵ֻУ˻ࡣ
ʥԺҵս˶ֺôġ
֮ǰֻǾã⿿ͨ͵Ƶõĺô̫٣û̫ľϾΪתվĵطһƬв٣˹¶н죬ǵ˶࣬طѡ
˭Ҳܱ֤һֱȥҴô
Ǻ;ƾͲͬˣ˹¶ֻص֮͡
ֻҪڣ˹¶ͻˣĻ͸Ǯ
ͬʱҲ̵ܼĺɰ
Ȼڲ̲ԼǮ̫ࡣ
ҪǮĵط٣ҳҲ׼ڵʥԺҴͭҾûʲôˣǽֵ
ֻǳһβ׼ɢˡ
ôҲֺ̫ʱ˷档
ʱģʽҪõ׼ۣڵ׼۾Ͳˣ˭˭ߡ
ʣµļ
һԴԴϵĲ·
˹Ҳ취ܺã⼸¶û˯þ
ЩãҾ˯ͦð
ÿ춼˯̫ɹƨɣ˹صûˡ
˹أ֮ǰ㻹Ҫ˯
̣
֮ǰô
̣ˣҿ˹ѵĲˡ
˹ų̵̽İ취ȥѵ±±ǵսôڶҲվģǳǾᳯ
˹صͷ˹
Щ˿˹ǲȥѵġ
룺Ǿȥɣ˹ûϹսÿͰҲȥгˡ
Ͱ뷽跨ǰˢøжȡ
̲ʤšλֻƨһˢøжȵİ취̾ٽҲ챻ˡ
˹ܿõԼҪѵ±ϢµòУֵ֪пͰء
˹ûǴ
˶Ͱ˵Լˣ˻Ǹׯ԰ʱ򣬿Ǿ͸ˣôҲһֱûгõ뿪ˡ
ұۣеĵλҪĶࡣ
˹ɱĵҪǵԼԷ۸
ȥﰲο
һ뵽ڸһֵ׳һֲԸȥܡ
ﵽʲôë
ԼôӢ˲ϲȻһӻһ
ѵΪ֣԰ſ


126 
ſںȻӿ˲ˣЩǴһһĻ, ֶѹ, ඼ˣ³سǵܽǡ
·, 졣
ȥ괺Ҳ˹¶ܸоЩһˡ
ɾ, ûζˡ
ôһ˵ǣҸովû֡
ϵס, һ, ʱܳҲ, ǵ˻ᵽ˼ȥԵģˮǻԴ˵ӣһҲֻۣǸ·ʱ䳤ˣ˪
̸죬۾ȴϣֽŴǲɾ, ʱö֮İֵǮҲǳ£Ҳ˵ʲô, ϾԼĻȫҲǲܵġ
ȴֽǰδеĸɾ
ǵĶѸ, Ҳܿ죬һ㶫Ҳûãһܿһû磬һ˵ĳӾͱˡ
˵õĶ̫࣬ʮӦ
ЩԶι
öˣҲ£Ҫǲûк̨ܽӴµˡ
Ҹڣܲǽȥ
쳤˲ӣſǸûúôʲô³
Ǹȥ˵˼仰Ȼϻ̳ϿֵĴԼĳӽ˳ǡ
ڼҲûʲôôľٶ
ǹˡ
Ȼûúô
ǰˣ˵ڳʶ˰˵
һöԷ϶ڳˣǰǴк
һȥһ㶫ûá
ոջڸ˲²ԭۿԼĳӱˣæȥˣˣС
ѴڶĶóȥӻ֣ܲ˵ΪĶ
ã˹¶
ѵǻ˸֣
һ˹¶˿ɲռǱˡ
ȥһĳӣ˵ˣЩСҲף˰Ҳˡ
˵ɴ۾ΪԼΣɵʣˡǣ
ܣôܣ
һۣȷû͵ż˵˰˰ͳ˰ˣǽȥɣһá
ٸʵףˣˣ
ӻ֣Ǻ;Ҫʼˣþ⼸죬ã
ʵøϻȥСȥûֿ⣬Ҳûùݷ˯
˵껹һۡ
æкŻƺ˽ǡ
˳ŷ֣Ǹȥֱǣ
Щªľ巿ѾˣֵҲʵˣֳݽӵ鷳¡
ǸսȥʮͷСסȥ·СȻСɺϳɣߺţүҪҪֿ⣿ʮöͭһ죬ţҹҲС͵
˷СڽԼ֮Ҳͣ½Ų
ȷʵҪҸȫĵطŻܲҸطһš
һСʵڲΡ
Сֺүôˣ㲻⣬˾ⲻˡ
޿κεЦһҵС
Сͦظ˼ҵģ
ЩСӸɲػ̾ͰټǵſˣһˣǾֵܷһöͭңԽֵ࣬Խࡣ
ںܶ¶˵ѵĺ¡
֮ܶǰС͵СĹ¶ҲĵĽϴ֣ˡ
˱Цˣ˻ôСĺӣ
С˾ǿСɵĻҪֿ⣬Ҿһöͭң
ˣһһöʮأ
Сһö
˶Ϳˡ
Сҡҡͷֲֹһأ
һҲǣô̶ӣôˣУСҲС
С˵Ҷ֪ҪҰ㶩ҲС
ҪһöͭңҰȡ
룬ҲԼûˣʲô㣬˵ȴȥֿɡ
ԼסĵطĶǲǰȫ
Сæǰ棬֣Ҫƴأ
ֿͽڳǱϣ޵Ĳֿõǵصľ壬˴£ȻǽڻЩʪ󣬵ǰľĲֿ⣬֪õĶȥˡ
ôĲֿ˿̾ͱСһ棬ŶӣԱ߻ŲٻĻڵϢжʱʱ
СĴŵ˶ĩˣǰ˶ֹ֮ľǰļ̌ͷ
ȱֱ֣˴ȻĻЩ󻹼̥ǻϱȽԵӡǣ߶һ룬ŵõľơ
õľ֮СֵĲֿſȥȻԼж
æסСǲǮ
СհʲôʱߣʲôʱǮǮġ
ˣͲˣ
СһΣԷСǸһ˵Ҫ˾ܣܰɣ˭Ҳס㡣
ŷӦûвֿԿףһ쵽ţǮǿ϶ġ
С˵ҲģܰȫģֿŲῪ
˵ͷ̾ϢҶû뵽ᱻʵôϸ
ððݻŰѻߡ
ȫ¶һʮöͭʮֻ㣬ٻûˡ
ȻָСȥùݿ䣬Сǰ棺ո·ʱ͸Ȱѷ㶩ˣڲ֪ûУȥĻһٸͭҡ
ѾϰСĹ룬ҲʹŻƺڽϣΣʲôȤ
·еʱһãн쾹Ȼˡ
һ쿪һμУĵһײϣȷʵá
Сʱش𣺡ļ춼ǿŵģҲء
ɵˣأ
Сǲܣǲ⼯Уǰ־ǲУҪȱʲôҲԼر𷽱㣬ÿҵ۸һõİףҲ򡣡
ʣ·
·ȫʯ·ʯϻһĿ̺ۡ
СЩʯ·үһǮ̵ģ춼Ҫӽŷ㣬ͲΪˮأ㡣
Ŵ졣
ھǸɵӣʲôҪʣ·ϾȻûѿʺҪΪʲô
СҲûвͷʲôʲôȽùݣ˸ɵˡ
ⱲӶûôôݻùݡ
һȥŮȥǼǣУۼȫˣƺ˵ȻǲסģǶǮԼȥұ˵ĵطסֻ˻ס
ϾùҲǸչĵطһȺ˳ԳԺȺȣϤò˵ʲôʱ඼ܵõô
һŶһ̸ЦһǮûա
ֿҲã·СͦģҸոոöͭҡ
˹¶ǲһ
ȥ껹ġ
ҪطҲ˹¶һͺˡ
ǵõ˺ôȻʵ
˿ĭ
ǡ
ֱ˵ã


127 
վڲֿ棬ǰһ޹Ǻ;ư, Ѿ, ﶼǮӣù°ѻ, ҪͭңֻҪ
ڵĽ, ˵ģϸĥ, ĥĸװƷ, ǡǮ
ǽǮ߻Լ, 쳤Դ￴
ӱ򿪣ǺӲǾôֳǵļ۸ӲǱ˲٣Ӳǲļ۱ȻƽȻ˵ҲֲܲӲǵҰӣЧ΢Ұⳤò, ʱһűһС
Ȼ, ҲֻǸӲǱȣó۸Ҳܿɹۡ
Ƶļ۸ǵļ۸ͣ·Ҳ, СǶǳžġ
תһȦĿɨһ֮󣬾ͳһŵİص˵ͷػ⣬˳ȥ˸ߺǵȽ׼˭͸ϳȥˣ
ɤŴ󣬵ֺ壬˻ֻܳɤֺ˼Σýƣߣȸ˴ܻҪۡ
˶ˣǷųһӣҪǵһ߽ȥȲΧǹޱߡЩ̵Ӳﲻǣǽӡ
ֶԿϵ˵ͷȻ˺ӿɸǼǵӲһͷȻõĵҶϴϺõϸɴǲ׼鷳ģϹܼҷҪô㡣
Ϲܼô˵ģˣڿɲһׯ԰ˣҪʱǵݣҪ֪˭ˣǾηŲ档
Ϲܼ˵ͷͷǵǻƭһˣȴƭһܳǵˡ
̱Ϲܼ죬ͬ˷ѡ
ߵĵػ̧ˣڳ̵ĽǶȣܾӸµĿ˺ͻ
˹ڳ̵ߣڿһذףذ˵ģǻʱ䣬ҵµַٶȱǰ࣬ƷĸСࡣ
ֵֵõСȵ
̿˹ر棬̽ʣôĺòã
˹ذѿ˷һĻ˲һɼǵ˿ڣѪ˳˿ڵ䵽ϣ˹ƺȻ˼Ŀذףûлس̵Ļ
̣

ɵˣæ˵ȥֹѪҩиɾĲҪһɾˮտ֡
˵ĺܲͶ仹ãԺæǱȥ
̺˹һȭڿ˹ءˡֻסȭͷＷһ䣺ǲ̫ˣôϻһ
ڳ˼Ŀ˹˳̵Ļû׳Ϊʲôͱקס󣬳̶ڿ˹ǰһ˫棬ʮ׺ݵ۾ŶԷ̯
˹عԹԵ̯֡
һ˺۵ĲӡǶûС
˹صϴɱ֮˿ھϵıǰˣİɡ
̵ŭûΪ˹˿ڵƽϢò˿˹һۣͲľͷԣԣԼԣʲôë
˹أ
̣ǲǾ˺õÿˣ
ܻϲ˵˺õĿ죬㲻ۣո۲ۣ
˹شʱ˵滰ֻѵۡ
̣֪۾Ͷˣ´λ
˹εЦЦˡ
»صԼλ£ĳ˵ҲСˣ㰮ϧһԼвУ
˹ЦΣȴů
ϣҲֻг̲Ż۲ˡ
Ȼȷʵۣ˹Ǻõġ
һ³ûոտ˵ѾȥˣڲǾǾʾ⣬֮Լٺ۸
һһĵġ
һжʮǣʼǶƯģˮһ͸
һĵ׼Ҳܸߣġ
Ҳйصģڳ̱ĵ׼۲ֻһ˽мҲ
ҪǷֹһԺü۸񣬻ȥԺϷֻľǳˡʵҲֻûô࣬̿ɲԸⱻ˵ס
̣ǰûǮʱôǮҲۣǮˣˡ
°ͣԼҺûйŴȻһܰƤ
櫵һмۣöң
Աˡ롱һ
̸ۣոտڣԱߵͳ߹ˡ
;˵ģһ־ͶȥɷҲôá
Ҫ˵ɪɪæ졣
ûЩ硣
һϹսһ׵ҪҲ֪˭ˡ
һҧҳʮö
櫵һۣʱûм
ʵû˼Ӽ𣿡
һִֻȺ̧׺ҳʮöңһöҡ
ո櫺ͷӵ̫ˣûӦԭһһϼӣ׿˸ͷ
ֱʮöҡ
Ƕûмˡ
۸ûȥȥҲֻʮöңһȥ֮ǰû·ѣܵøūͻһڷԣûرǾ͵ùˡ
ϻһȦҲˣżʮöһΣʮöΣʮöΣɽ
ĵһӲǵס
ױں棬ʵûǵƷ࿴壬ֻϹĶһѣӮˣƣˣҲҵϾǣҲޡ
˻ͳȥ飬ͨͨ·ӡ
ԱߵСȷײټĻԺ󣬾ʹȥĿյأүҳȥĻƣϻǱ߳ȥʱĳϴ鲼ʲôȥ
Ҳһ΢ı
ȴܸж㡣
С̯֣׸öͭҡ
ǴֱˣƽʱҲһöСֿ쳯ЦյôЦʮֻ׿СЦԼҲ˲١
ڼǳ۱ȽϽϾǳ߶һ޶
ūǾūʱ򣬶İ취
櫺ͷڽϾһ˻żۣʮöһǣðööҵļ۸һǡ
ЩǶǱֺ˵ģɫԽļ۸ԽɫԽԽˡ
ȥʱ򣬸˵үλ˲Ǯɣõĳô𣿱ӡ
Ŵÿʮöá
ʡ˲٣ͬʮǣɫЩȥ۸Ҳ̫
ЦүǲȱǮҾһ㣬Ҳġ
Ǵݣ󣬼ȻвΪʲôƯأ
濴櫣˰ԽϾԱߵȫ㿪ˡ
棬ľƵǵȵ
ŮΧм䣬ǸİǮǽȥ
滹ƽڿ֡
ʱ˹¶һĳС


128 
ŮǰѰΧм䣬ŮͶŻɫ, ñס˴, ĶΣ˭ҲŮ, ǼȥҲ˿˰
Щ, δĳϣֳ, òС
ߵ˵
ô˳
ӦǴطߵİɣ
϶˻ӱĵط, ãȫ
ǵŽţ쳤, һ˵һĿתĶ棬ǵ˴죬ڱˣǱ֮ǲŵԱŽȥ
һ޹޾ưƽϣǿ˼ޣӺ汧롣
ÿһŽ˶õһСʢƵ롣
Ƕ֪ǡҲƾ, ԺֱӺȥ
ЩƶľƣĴ, ڲرҲǹǱ˵Ŀζ̫Ƿܽ, Щڴ񣬵ڴ̼ǵĽܷΧ֮ڡ
صľƻǵͶĹƣľѾƣ˻󷨣Ѿʶ࣬ζ֭࣬ʹ֭һЩûзǣѾƵζֱû˵
Ҳֵһ룬Сĺ˼ڣȻ۾һǮĸ첲ˡ
û뿪ҵʱҲȹƣЩְֵֻֻǿԺȣΪ٣ʮ󣬿ɸƱЩʲôǡ
Ҳ⣬ԾԾԣ׼ѴǮɾ
һЩǵҲûߣǮǺ;ƶԸŹ
ƸһǶʮģʮ޵ĵ׼öҡ
ǲۣͣÿһμӼ۶һöͭҡ
öööͭң
Ǻƴƴͷǡ
öң
ǻ࿴ۡ
ֹʮޣټȥͿˣǰóԸõʮ޾ƣһߵСܵǰʣүҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷˡ
СֿЦүȥǱû
Ůһ߹ȥ
ǵľڼ
ΪһĶʮޣȥٶȺܿ죬̿Žһööߣʮ㣬ڿʼǮˡǴǮҲһԺÿ¶һΡ
յǮһҪ˻˵£ΪʺͽȥһҪ˹¶
ǳ̲Ը⽨˵£˵µ̫ˣҳҲ׼˵̫ˡ
һ࣬÷ֱ档
ά״
ƽȥǶǹ¶ûиĸûȥͳ̾ùȰÿֵĹ¶ټ尲סٸ˹
һͶɳǱһһ·ֱǳΪֹǮԼԼǮȥЩǮǵ㻨Ǯ
ϹܼҾó̵취ãЩ¶ʲôöû˽̣ܳģ󶼻ΪץסҪ֣ȥĹҪ͵˵Ǯô죿
Ϲܼ񶼼ֵΪ˶ûƷǻ
ҲϹܼϹܼʹˣٹ̣ǰ˵ô඼ûгЧҵ˸Ϲܼµİ취
ϣȺСܲͷڵ˵ǹѵһֱ𣿡
ϹܼңͲùǣƽǻӡ
ھòûʲôҵƽӶףΪӾζͶ
ƽţҲˣ벻ˡ
ûڷԣֲִҪ̷ۣҪӶ飬ʱӵĳɱܵ͡
ӳܸ߰ɻʮǮ
һͥӣԭʼʱĻۡ
ԽļͥԽࡣ
ԣļͥѾҪԭʼʱˣҪǹԼλѰҸǮӶ˵رҪֻҪܼ̳мҲĻӾͿˡ
ǹǺܶʮ궼û飬ûлӡ
ƽʮ꣬ӳȺ
ҲǴԺףΪʲôܶط˶ԽԽΪ˵ӲȫΪ˷ܺΪ˵õͶϣЩͶʵ־÷Ծ
ǹŴŴϰǮھǿֵء
Ͷȱںֻܴƴˡ
̰ڰ֣ô
ܸϹܼҽ˭Ҳ˵˭
ءϹܼҷû˵
ȻϹܼҲ˵ˣֻ̾˿ֱ̫Լһġ
Űȥֿ⣬ᵽ֮󣬰˲öͭҡ
ϲ̵Ľˣ԰˸ô淶Ȼıˣȥû˵ĵطͭװԼ·Ķ
Щ·˷ǵģÿ˶һס
ڱ´֮ǰֻ˯СһȺ޼ҿɹĹ¶һȥҳԵģڽ֣Ƕ̫͵ԣΪСԵûΪ͵Զ˫֡
ȸհͭװãһСŮҲܵ
ȸŮĹϵǴͬһֳġ
õˣСʡ
ŮҲС˵ʮöˡ
룬ԼҲõʮöС˵ȥ԰ɣ
ɣҪ⿾ܽųԣöͭܵõһС
Ůҡҡͷ̫ˣȥԿ
ҹУĶʳ۸񻹺ܱˣרŸƽ񿪵ġ
һͭҾ鿾
ˢ㽴ͣҲζȻûʲôϣͨ˵Ѿǲɶõʳˡ
˿ĭҲԶ
Ůһ
óԣɺǲѳԣǰֻܳԳ˵ʳ
Ի˶ӣȻ˶ĺӲ֪ж١
ȺȻ˵ȹˡ
ŮæĶĶˣ
ȶȥŮȹϵֿٸɾȻվ˵ɾˡ
Ů˿Ưȹӣ
ֻһȹӡ
ûƶƯȹӡ
鲼ƳɵĻ˵ȹӡ
ŮŲԶӿһۣСʣǲ
ȣӦǰɣ
Ůĵ˵˵ҳƯҳˣ˵ȥǱŮأ
衱ָܹչ˹¶ǵĸˡ
ҲŮƯҳòƯԺ϶ȥ˳Ǳ
Ůοȥ˳Ǳһ취ģõѡ
ȿࡣ
ܳȥԱߣĺ˻Ǿͻܹȥ·
ǶĬ˭ȹȥ˭𣬲ᷢ˵¡
ֽſ죬Ӧĺܶ㻨ǮֽŲҲû£֮ӣҲûطס
֮ǰлﶼ˳ȥҪæһϣܰǮͳƳ
ķϣľľĳ㡣
ֻľǰ
ڳ̶ʱСѧѧ㣬ûаô⡣
ܱȽ̰֣ȻٽǱھÿ죬̱ٶȾͲ˱Ȳϼ⣬ֽϼ
лСѧлʦлԼļԡ


129 
ߣǴųಲʯ, ˹¶ÿһֶҪʯ, ʯ˺ӣææ, ҲۣǮҲĶࡣ
ʯǴӸпʼ, ƾû뵽Լн죬ÿиɲĻ, ղǮ, ÿ춼Ժ, һʯͷ
ԭ׼ģ˹¶ûеǴģʱһãԳ̾˴ׯ԰ʯȻճϼ, ·ʯ塣
Ҳкôʯ, ʯ·һ·ùߣֽŲϸ̲, ʯ׶ˣһŲȥƽľУ߽ʯúã̱߾Ϳˡ
Ҳ˲һţǿؾȥˡ
ʯĻܸɣŮҲܸɣŮ˸ɵһ㣬ŮٶȻĸϸƽ
ʯʯʯҲÿ붼սᣬʵһɵöõö࣬ħѾоˣҲûֹææŷ䲻ù
Ǻ;Ƹ̴˾޴ĲƸǵĽ˰Ȼ࣬ΪԽԽ࣬Իٳɶ࣬Ҳˡ
̲ˣȷʵҪˣҪилҪ˴ĻǮǹϰȵĺӡ
ϣǵ˰ѳס
Ŵũԭģ˭֪Ǯ˭֪ܴȥĺô
ǲһطкôʱڣûôǾߣǮͨ߹ٶܱ򣬸οСأ
ߵĶϢǾȻļ
ԳöˣҪöǡ
֮ǰ˹¶ʱҪˣ˹¶ԣˣҪǡ
λһԻֵ˵ˡ
ÿһ𴲾Ϳʼأ©ˣϺϹܼͷͺˣÿų룬һһ̹档
̻˷ҳһţǵһ㶼š
ʹӳʯڷ˱ķϻõˮһ߳ˮһ졣
ǻŰɣҾͲߡ櫿˿ڹӣԵһ֭ˮǼģǾ㣬ǾǴѵݳһѣҸ۾ˡ
ɭҲһ߳ˮһڳЦЦã
ÿ·߶ѲߣǵĶڳܽףֻȱûȱǮҽ˰Ҳ࣬ø˰˰
Ҳƽţڴʻúȵ
桭
櫵ָãǿֱˡ
֮ǰҺʥԺһʱǿҲܶ࣬ƽϢˣǿ𽥱١
Ҹȼơ
ǿҲǿû˻ΪԺǿ׼Ƕͨƽ񣬳ԲϷˣ·ˣֻܵǿǿʱ䳤ˣ˾ͱޡ
޷ŴԱС
ǿǵǲҪǮҲҪ
뷢ƣû
˹¶˵ԴǵİȫܵõϡȻ˳ǾͿܱͬŪ˹¶ǰȫģ˹¶ƽǮǰûУҲˡ
˺ܶ࣬Ǵ治Ǯģжٻ٣ûн飬ҵġ
˵δĵ˹¶ȴǿüŵĺõط
ɭЦЦ¶һڰҲùܹˣ͸ǲٺôҪٺô
櫵ͷǣôãҲǻǸã
ԴӳΪ̻쵼Ժ櫺ͰɭǾٲȻ˹¶ԼһˣǰԼ˵Ⱥа˳ҪôҪǵԡ
³̲ܣҲǻֵġ
ҲЦ¶ˣ˾
ɭ˶ͷ櫰ˮ˷ŵһߣȻǾ˰ɣ
Ȼû˷ԡ
ҲԿ̵׸ǶȨ
̽һ£ûġ
ʵֵҲܼ򵥣Ҫ£Ҫһ͸ˣȻǻ˳ٹϷһûķӡ
ĶСϾСˣǮ࣬ǵҲС
ʹ˱˵档
йԽеģзӣвҵһݣǣû䶼˿졣
ұ˺ܰţԼڲ˺ú֣ҪŽһ°˵ֿˡ
ʵ̫Щ£ȻӻãÿЩƵ˺´򽻵ҲãȥͰѴˡ
˹¶ǸˣȻǵؾѾû˸СˣΪûй̶׳ĶҪĶ
Դӵǰ˹¶òˣÿֵĹҲʶܽгԷֲ˵֪ԷмˣӶˣǶͽĻ飬жٿüĲƲ
ǰǸؾߣû¾ȥ˶ĵطתת
̰ѴӽеԼߣһôϸӣͻȻ˵ʱŵĸ̾
ǵõһοӵʱ򣬴ֻǸСĵؾһΪԲվֱˣϻһỊ̇Ǳӱ׳ġ
ӵĸûôСʱԲӪϣӺùˣҲ˳ʱ򣬳ԵٶҲȥ
ʵ˺ܶ࣬ظˣҲˣǰǸ꣬Ǹصĳˡ
ûʱӡ˵мҪ㡣
ЩãǵԼǵͷ˵ˣū¡
ЦЦūǱֻҪһѻ𡣡
̣б
ӵͷ
ӲɵҲһԶǵ˭Ϊ˭ˣġ
ˣ˾ȥ۾գһ¡
û飬ʱҲãԼˣԼҳ˰ɣ
Ҫ̻ᣬҪŬһһЩ㡣ʵҲԼǿѣε˶࣬бµȴ٣˶ʵˣûǸȥƴֻдӻе㾭飬ɿһá
̣ߣҪԼıˡ
ӵˣرѣԼܰ죬̳ȣķԸˡ
̣ʲôҪľң̻Ҳϸ㡣
ӣǣˡ
̻ǲôģħ㣬㱻˰ˡ
ӸжˣһķԸ
òֱͦˣôʱ˶ʧأ
ǰǵɽ𺣣ҲҪȥһ
뵽ʱׯ԰Űӵ裬Ӿò
ЦЦȥɡ
Ҫǣε
ֻһ
ġ
лҪ˵ҪūҪУҪ
Ҫܱ̽ߵϢ
̺æ


130 
ڲ֮ǰôˣ̷ıҲֻҪһ, һ̾ͷ, ңɹ˻˯, ϲ̨ϣȻ紵, Ȼ˯ˣ˯ÿ, ѵҲ, ûд˯Ϲ
˯֮վ˸ಱ, Ȼ߻ط䡣
ǱǵҲ˯ûĶҸ˯ȥˣҲƽϡֻҪǺúðѻˣֲҪ־ܰƤǸ̨
˹ߣųԼװĻҳгʻĻһЩһһĸֹ滮
ЩдģЩñдġ
дĶҪϹܼҿ, дҪôпյļƻҪôɧһûһεռ, Դܹܣ˳˭Ҳ
ԭϹܼңϹܼÿβſ˼־ͺԼͷۻ, һҪײģǳֻת˹ء
ڿ˹Ըѧѧú
ƴ˹ѧˣƴҲ֣Ҳĸֻʣһһ
Ҳ˹еʱһɡ
ʲô˹ذһҳ̯ó̹ȥ
߹ȥֱ۴ڿ˹صļϣԴȥ
Ŷǰĳ̣֡˵¹õľܷ㣬ʲôĶô
˹ָָԱ߻һͼ
ֳ̣ҪõҲͳ֡
ţʱ̫æˣˡ
гֳŪˣǳֺͱˣֻһֱˣͼֽҲûҲûд
ڿ˹صһڣȻͼֽȥһ˰ɡ
˹أȥĶ
̣ǼūҪҡ
֮ǰΪ˳ȶûϽֹūʱҪȫֹҲܣЩǧĴͳҪôȥǱĬĽֹҪô͵ÿɱϵѪ
ڣֻǰһַ
һַûҺʥԺϿսңǻ̻̲յʱѪֶβŲ⵽ǵǿҷ
˹Ҳվһѳ̵ͷߣ۾΢ɱ˻ǹ
̣תô࣬ūӦö֪ĴˣЩūǣȱūˣ˵֮Ҫ򡣡
˶ǲӲӥֻпͷԼǿ϶ģʵ򵥡
ҪǳһǮ뻨ҪūԼū
ȥ˹ص°͡Լ°ˡ
˹أ
˹ذѳ§˽˸ʮܣôǡ
ʱɲܲ࣬һ͵ˡ
촽죬滹ˮ⣬ϴһˣ͡
˹سЦЦ
ǰæµţ˹ؾʹſȥ˳ǱרĻūСļһаĵȻСˣʮͷĴˡ
ǶǼ崫Уÿһ˶ūΪõҲūū⣬Ҳûб¿
Ϊū񼪶ˣڰʹǳūԭ͸Уǽų̵ƣ£һȺСūȡůȻҲǿƽɫ
ҲΪūˣڳʲôǲݶҪʵ۲ݻȥιū
Ҳ֪ūǴĶ֪иؾͨһ߶
ȻֵĻǺܹľګĹ¸ūżǵ£гһҲܳȥһ
ʼʱūǲģܵūȥˣûܣܳȥ˻ū壬ūӳ;ˡ
ÿһū϶ӡÿūӡһߵūãԸǸɻһڷԣԼǵˣͷһ
˭Ҳ֪Ǳʲôʱ¡
ūԣʱҲô⣬ūܶ඼ûӡΪǲάǸƷ
ūҪάģÿһū۵ĵطҪӡһ㶼ڶͷϣϣҪйүǰµģǾڲ۵ĵطظ߱ϡ
ˣ׿˵ķ
۾ǣûôߡ
߽ˣʹײſ塣
ڳ̵˽ʵһֱǲ෹İԣƽǲ⣬ϲʿ⣬ʱһǧȲİ˵һ޹ؽҪĻ
ūǶ˴ϻһʱĺôֻ͵񵽶ԷϣԺҪˣԷθڱˣʱŷ㡣
Ƕ֪һˣǲûнӴ˶ʱ䶼ߵӰӣƺԶǣûʲôעĿ¡
ǵۿ˹صʱӶ˻ȥԭҲܼ򵥣ʱˣչ
úÿٴúõ㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
˹Ҳû˴кֱڳ̵λӡ
˳һ
⡭ˣҲ̫ˡ
˹ؿ۰ʹף֪µˣ䵭˵˵ɣʲô¡
ʹ׻һۣѵҵ˵Ĭ˿ĭˣҪҵˡ
Է˵Ҳûð
ûͺôԷò׼˵Ҳ˵
˹ؿϣڷϣ°΢̧һµһ仰˵Ҳ㹻аʹЩūˡ
׽ӹ˰Ļˡʣū¡
ͷ˹أʮֹڳ˶ǮʲôóȥǵⲻԴǸдڽԺүǶūˡ
Щүɵһ˾ǷûūģؾΪֺϣҲЧİ취
Ǿѧ
ʲôǶԵģǺõģֵѧġ
ȻûԼҵūΪ񣬵ԸūϽ߶ˣҲڸɻĿ϶Ъһеģֱɱūûˡ
ūιӳ̵õһ׼
ֻҪ̵ͷǵūͲ
˹أ˵ȥ
׽ŵĺ¹ϣܸһ仰
˹غȻʣжū
֮ǰͶԹˣ˵һǧʮһˡ
Ĳˡ
Ҵһ˾ռ֮ޡ
˹أū͹

̧ͷɵؿſ˹ء
˹زͷüͷ𣿡
һƥԱһͷͻ
ţȺӣͻ


131 
ˡȫҲҿ˹أ֪Ϊʲô, һ̧ͷ;ô, Էò׶ҲûгǷƢ, ̧ͷ
ƺһֻѹͷ̧
˹صָڷ, ûڻ죬˵Ķߡ
˵Լͬĸûһ
֪ʱԼ˵, Ȼڸūǰͽȫޡ
˻Ƶ˵, Ǯ
˹°ͣ˫ĮĿ׵Ⱥˡ
Щ˵, Щ˶һһ۵̰࿴һ۶Ż
ϵǿҵһۼ֪ĵزҴδΡ
ǿԼ̧ͷ˹¶ūͽܶ˵ͷȴԷϲڽ, ´ʱĿ˹زûж
ˣǵūҲǰ, Ůūӣǵչǣÿ궼һС, ЩСҲҪģСʱҪ̣ҪԷЩҪǮġ׶ſ˹صߣԼʱ˿ֱ̼Ǹʿ
˹ᷳޱȣһ䣺ʲôϵ
̵Ļūסǰūɱˡ
ǿ˹סᷳʵҪ٣
ūһ˿ѹͷϵĴʯͷڱŲˣֻҪԷԸôܸȡ衣
׺ͰﻥһۣҪԷǸ˵߼۵ˡ
ü۹˾˼ΣﶼƿĿ⣬ֻӲͷƤ˵ˣؾͰ˶ǲֵǮģһٸͭҾ͹ˣţͷ˾ͲˣôҲٸͭһ
˹ز̫ūļ۸񣬵Ҳ֪һٸͭܡ
ׯ԰ʱūǰģǶǴһȺūȻҪһͳļ۸񣬵ƽһūļ۸ôҲڶʮͭڡ
ūǲֵǮģūһڻ԰ĻҪ
ģõģʢǵ㣬жһ
ūǰģªģǵһĺ޴ڸС
ʱûϲõĻʱҲûаݵĺޡ
˹Цһ
׵Ķͷð亹Ҳ亹ʪˣǸմˮﱻ̳
ץס˻ᣬʼ׵̨ˣˣҵūˣɲүôϸֻҪʮͭңؾʮͭңţͷһٸͭҡ
Ŭ̧ͷ˹ؼһĵЦ
ƫͷݺݵص˰һۣ֪һҰԶܺԼһģѩ̿ᣬ侮ʯ˭ܵö졣
˹΢Цһ۸Ŀеࡣ
æ˵үҵūͨūҼҵūͨļˣҼҵıˣ
ҧȰѻ˵˵ˣҸɲһǮūûʲôôû⣬ūҪǮġ
ﱻ׵ĲҪˡ
ﲻˣ˵ľʱһҶǵǮūô׿ԼɿˣˣҲûⰡҶΪ˴ˣԸѼǮѹͣҾԼˣ
ˣ
ף
ݣ
˹泶һѣ춼ˣ˵Ȱūùܼȥ
ոջ²ˣȫ˫۷ŹĿſ˹ء
Ȼ˹ûɿ˵ȫ£˶ˣҲҪһְɣ
˹վ˵ǿˡ
͵ʮֲҲû˸˹صĴ̣ȫʵʵ£߳˳Ǳǲŷ˵˸ոյ¡
˿ˮվԼҵԸСū˵
Ǹ˸Ĳһ
Ҳûǰ˲٣óҲǼڲǰ˵ϻϸˡ
Щ˶Ѵ򶯣ĴΪʲô
Ϊ˿üĲƸͺôʼֻΪ˻пڷԣһȥ
Ҳǰߡ
ôĶô㹻ƽһӳԺȲĲƱڴֿɼĵط˭ܲģ
ֻҪǶˣͻΪʹĿܣֻҪ㹻ĺôǶ˵ūĻ
Щ˵ҪӦҲûʲôÿ궼Ҫūÿ궼ҪˣǮҪģ˭һȻԼİˣǾ͸һӡ
ոһ亹ԺһͷȺЩƣ˵ܲУҶûʲôǮˡ
Եæ˵ǿɰѴ׵͸ˡ
Ҳû˸Թֲɵ
ǻתص˵ϡ
˵˿ǰЩһǰЩָǲǡ
Ҹոն̧ͷҲ˵
Ƕ뱩¶ԼĵӣҶǾͲˣܳ˵ˡ
Ǹͨˡ
Ҳͷǰ˵ҲǸү
ǲܣй˵˵ģ
ǹĶӣ֣ܳʿûõֻܸˡ
˵е
֮ǰӵʱ򣬲ٹ嶼뿪ԼȥͶݣڻݼҰ׳԰׺ȣԼȴزȥˡ
̾˿ҵϣǹĶӡ
ûСүһˡ
ӡ
ҡҡͷˣȥϢɣܰūȥС
ūЦǮòǺ£ڱĶҪ
Ǳ˹խϸڿ˹ص󣬿ϵͷ̬ȹ
֪˹ڳҪ̶ȣԷ̿˹صʱ򣬶ǰѿ˹صɳ̣ʮ־ְ𣬾һ⡣
˹ؿҪߵʱԿ˵ó׼һҹ弦ͿƬɡ
Ϲؾصǡ
붼֪Ǹ˭׼ġ
˹ش򿪷ţͿ̻ǰ滭ͼֽ̻ĺܾϸֵļ඼עˣһһҪǰٶһݣ˸Сǰͻǰ
µû֣͵˵£˵µĹҪߺܶ·
˷
һľˣ±ʣα˸ִ˸ǷȻתͷЦʿ˹أôû鷳ɣ
˹ѵ£һԲ
̻Ϊ˹ˣôǴ򽻵
Ժȥˡ
׼䣬Ϳ˹Ѿѹ£ȫֻһ㣬ؼôεı¶ڳǰ
ʶ˿ĭ
˹سüæ˴죬ܵõõЩôɣ
ƫͷߺ˵Ҳûʲô¡
첻ˡ
ȻҲû
лҪ˵̣Ӵ˾糯


132 
˸磬ô, ƽʱ˯Ȼ, һۣͷ, »ûߣҲûз, ۾ͷ˹ص˯ա
˹˯ŵʱ滺, ̾Ҫû˵Ļ, Լֻй˹صƣһ, Ψһֻһ㣬ɫҰף˹غڷۣƤҲûа׵Ұ׵ĳ̶ȣ̫䡣
̿˺ܳʱ䣬ʼ˹жٸëֻǻû꣬˹ؾˡ
˹û뵽̽ѵô, ƽʱ̶˯ͣһ§, ҹ˯һߵĳ§ԼĻ޼䡣
Ҳ˿˹زϵǺۡ
, ԼǿҰ
ǰ龰ϲ磬ԼҲӵһҰкš
뵽ЦˣȻ˹ϵһƤ˹û׸⣬
û˵ôˡ
˹صַڳ̵ϣ°͵ų̵ͷó˶ĻЩɳƣǳǰū͹ʱô
̵ıǼڿ˹صؼϣšһ˼һ£죬϶϶ãǡ
취Щ޳ܣ̲취á
Ҫ˭¶˵޻̸֮
˵˼仰ԽԽСڿ˹صĻ˯˹ȥ
̵ȱȣܶ˶û˯þ컹ûˡ
еһѾ˹¶˺ܳһˣԭֻ׼죬һʳͱƷȻ·ȥʥ׷ӣʥЩƽȻԼԼ
˹¶Ժ󣬾Ͳˡ
ûһУƺһֱµģÿ춼ŵļУ¿ʳҹУԼ۸ʵݵʳãǰûû˵ġ
ڼʱ˸һУһΪԷڱϹ
᲻ˡ
Ȼߣ͵ҷţһֱסùùȻãҪҲĸߡ
ȻһƣתɢСˣǮһֱҪʡһźá
ŮҲͬ뷨Ǻܿʹ˷ӣöҵļ۸ⷿʵ̫ãҲΨһŵǴһԺӣԺﻹһЩسĻм仹һųúܸߴ۸Ǻʵݵġ
ֻԭ˰ߵʱеļҾߣֻһյӣŮǰѷӲٰ֮ȥ
ùסʱ䳤ˣҲʶ˼ˣŮˡǲ򽻵ģһ̫ͻᷴθ£ûƵģСʱְֱ¸һ
˾Ͳ׽ˣҲͳ˸ˡ
ʼˣֻ޷ֹԼķӦľˡ
ǰύõѣϾǻмˣ˵֪ô˴ùϵҲ϶ƽûѼʱ͸ʶˡ
˳һ̸졣
˰Ҿ߰ɣæŰȥֳɵáڰķﻹץһѻƶ
ͷ̾˿Щǳ˵Щ
ֵⶼż𣿡
Ŵ˵ͷС
櫸ˣʲô£˵˵ܰ㡣
һۣƺںȷʵûѡˣܰ˳櫶ˣ櫹ӽֺγǹӽԼأ
ˡ̾˿ȥǱвͨҲֻ͵˵˺͹ܼϣ˱ˡ
һֱͣ͵ӡΪֹûôĲ
۾һת˵ΪʲôˣҪиɣ˵ܰ취
̾˿Ҳƭ㣬ԭҲܸ㣬ҿԸ㱣ֻ֤Ҫܼˣһ¡
ЦﲻΪȻﻹҪ˵㲻˵ԭǾͲðˡ
ԼŮͣһߵŮʹӹóһСС鲼Ȼ͵˰ӣȻƵ櫵ǰ
һĥõıʯ
ʯʵ֮ǰ˹ıʯȴõļǮΪ˹жصĴĥʯķڱ˵ıʯܱùʶĿ
Щʯһ챦ʯܼˣ㡣ܴ󷽵˵ͳȥĲһʯһš
櫾ڰĴֱʣֵǣкɫıʯɫģô˵Ǻ챦ʯأ
ǱʯˣԼҲûʯ
͵ıʯǺ챦ʯ⣬ʯʲôɫʯɫ飬Ӧɫʯ
һ̾룺ʲô߰Ľз̰̾ɣǵ˵ʯ
ǿɫıʯޣȻ߰Ļ򽻵ĶǱʯǮĹүñʯŦۣƳװҪܲǮõЩʯȷʵ׬
ԼãȥҲһʺܴĽʡ
Ҳѡʵˣ˺ٳҪҵ
æʣʲô
ЦǱĳҹϵҲҪᡣ
ϾһڳǱĵλϲΣĳҲɵѾһЩˡ
˿Ҳðģʮ֮ڱضһ𸴣ܰóɻǰ첻ɣȻֱ׳Ǵʯ
߳ùݣվڴһ
ˣ·Ҳûûз㣬ûеĲӬϵʯѾ̺ˣ治õıˮźȹϡ
·˵ֱˣ
Ҳأҽ׼ȥ㶹ؼȡ
ĻҲ٣˲̫ۣһ¾ʮöͭҡ
˻ľӺľӣȥɻҾڼӣһҲʮʮöͭҡ
Ҳǣ
ԺǵӾԽԽˡ
˵Ǵ˵ġ
˵Ķ
֪϶ǣǲ֪ıߣ˵ܴӱĳ᲻뿪˹¶
ޣ˵ˣܲ˵õģ
֪Ҳϣһֱ
ֻҪһֱǾһֱӡ
ǣ˵ط˶Բˣǹúã
һҽһҽӹء
Ҿ˾˸˵ҰϼңԲϣүҪ˰
ʱǴǮүǰѼ˽ӹɣڻңֺýžǮԱӡ
лɣӣҸ


133 
ūǻûаūǵһ, һղϰ, ȫֵƣ, ϣ֮ܶһЩ㡣
ֻǳ鷳, ˲ա
ȿϴ˰ﶼ֮, ֻҪõﵥС
һ챦ʯ̿һеʱͣ·, ʯڽʮۣɨһ۾ͻע⵽
վڳ󣺡Ǹ, á
˵ǸŮˡ
̣
֪˭ˡ
ù˵仰ˣӱʯ֮Ŀ˹ΪԷѾ뿪˹¶ˣ̼ǵöԷˣôʱһȺ˸أ
ǱҲһ򵥵£Ҳ˭ա
ĽڶϹܼҹܣ˼ϲֵˮƱ, ûԼļңѳ̵Լ׵, Գһ㲻Ϲܼһб˽ҡ
°ͣʲô˭
ϵͷǸ͵ģǰǷҪġ
ҲǿЩʯȫĥԣ
̾ͻ, һ㶼ǱȽȥټСˣһ񣬻ʲôѹ˵ķͷУһϸҪͱ׼ٻ;
̲Ҫϸ֪ԷĿģԿ˵һ챦ʯˣȥһˣ絽Ǳҡ
ǡ
̺ȻʣǱڶô
˵Ħ˹Ѿܾûгڳ̵ǰˡ
¶һЦеʤߵư
˴ģ֮ǰÿôæóǳƤ֮䲢һ飬ֻΪˣԲʱŽᡣ
Žǲõģһȶû˽źͼȸУֻǰìֻܺҪƲץ˺Լһ£õôȻͻֺԼ˲һˡ
ûõôˣἵʵ۾죬ìܾͻԽԽǿܲͻɱܲʹ¿
ڿѾȱˣһ仰ڳǱﻹǺõġ
ϲиϹܼҾ߶˵ҪǿϷ˴ﻹвõˣûУҲÿȥػһ
Ҳ˿ϵı仯Ҫ˵Ļǿϱøˡ
֮ǰԼŪô࣬δΪûģֻܸԼһӡ
ǾͺáվĿϵļ򣬡ûʧ
ŬһĿڰ岻סˣͨ죬۾Ҫ
Ȼͬͬŵ뿪˷䣬ȥǲһһˣ֪ͨ
õǸСӣǳòģһطƤǽСɫȻмȸߵ󣬷Щʡ
˷ֱܵͷ
Ǻò׻쵽ߵģһֱֻǰһЩС£һ쵽ڳǱת
òܳȥһˣΪ˰£˵ûȫɥʧǣͷԿ˰Ȼ˵ҳȥˡ
ûʲô飺ȥɡ
ϿѸݵĽŲ¶һЦݡ
ԼȮǱǾȺȺڹ̶ĵطԲݡ
ֻ򲻾ԼΪԼǺ꣬ӵһŴԴĺݶĳ
֪Լǹ
ǺܺõĶҳϣǿ
տʼߣȻͱСܣйϵõȾͷס§Ĳʣʲô£·úˡ
СڵĴһҸ˵ϸȥһ
סļɫ죬ϵı鶼ôã˽ӻ˵ϵĹϵ治¶㣬˵ԺлΪ˵͡
ͣҫ
ҲôģᣬΪԼҲӣֲֻҪΪ˰£ֺÿϣ˵һˣͰԼǰȥˡ
ȻͣʵѾһֻ̤Ȧˡ
үϲͣǿģ
ܼҴүĲƲΪ崦һЩ鷳¡
ν鷳£ȫǴ£Ǹ֮£ǰ¡
ʹĳ˵ҲȨߣĽײ
С˵Ҳֻ֪ܰá
˵˼䣬뿪֮ǲŻһס
ɵӶܵͣҾܵүˡ
ֻĿϵƨѡ
Ͽ۾Ϲˣ
˵˼ỰԼӦǳΪ͵ˣ
˵ĸʱôӣԶһɳ죬ֻĽߵ˽˺ˣֻʣ¼ʡ
ű˺ãϣˤˤԽԽá
ҪܿͺˣˤϣĶȥˡ
Ƕô룬ֻǲ˵ڡ
ڶ̾ͼ˰ӣŮһü仹ҲƻŮϴŵõʣǺڻ㽡صһԲϾ;ȥ
ȫҪôذ壬ҪộǲȥվڳԱߵĿϺż·͡
ҡ֮ǰʱһɽסƺץص㣬ؽǸʱҲ֪ȥŵʳԹˣɾˮҲҪûˣֺֻ¡
߶߶˰죬Ҳû˵ֻ꣬Ҳû̫ﻹҪʲô
ȰڰԼһӵί˵֮ҵص㣺ǸɽһɹζҾʹߣȻ
ӻͳһӣϵԺóһػɫĿʯʯ˵ģ˵ԭΪǻƱʯõԺŷйɹζ
ˣһµıʯһֵǮ
̣ŨŨڴ
ûʲô̵ģһУĸֵܶҲҪûмˣҲ֪ԼõȥǸûй޵ˡ
еҪԼҵһޡ
ûʲô񣬵ǺܸӡΪһ챦ʯӻҪġ
յ˳̵ʾ⣬ȥõǿɫĿʯȻݵ˳̵ǰ
̽ӹ֮󣬾ⱦʯָвôݣҲݲ
˵ⱦʯйɹζͰѿʯݵ˱Ǽ⡣
һɺϤζ
ǵζ
̵۾˲ˣվ첽ߵǰȻһץס˰֣Ҳյ˰ǰ
Ķ
ѾĶŪɵˣ
̣ⶫĶֵģ
˿ĭ̫ˣŵϵζܿϵë
ߺС˵Ҽǵõطһͼ㡣
̵۾˼ȡ
һửͼ˲ţ
Լ϶ѡ֮ӣ


134 
̲֪ԼӦΪȻˣӦΪһửͼ˲Ÿ, ʱֵ˶, ửͼˣҲûκι, ֻܿͼߵļ͸о
Щ˼ửҲʮֲϸ, ŵͼҲһߵĿĵء
ԼͲửû, ҶʱѧҲ, ʦ˵ܼллˣ̵ʱԼҲûи߱׼Ҫ, ڲ
ͨ죬С̧ͷ˳һ£Ȼַɿĵȥʮֽߡ
Ȼʱ̸ںߣǸ˲ţ˲ţͲܷŹ
ǳеߣò񻰣ĶѧĻͼ
˿ĭӬСʱҸ׸һλʦ, ҵġ
İ΢Ц˵˹¶ô
ͷ˵ܺ, ҴûĳС
ÿһ·ʯ壬ÿ춼ѲߣҲῴͶ, ܺңֻҪԸɻҵɣͷβ˺ܶ࣬¶Ҳеطסжԡ
һж԰˵ģִ޴
̣Ķܲһֱаɣ
һлãôŮͣвٱʯвǿֱǸ漣˳˹¶Ҳͦ˼ġ
ܾ찮˰ɣ
̧ͷһᶨ˵ˣ
ûԼҪʲôƺӵһУĻӣҪʲôʲôδҲûκ뷨͹滮Կַζ
ֱ˸ϳһʼίȻԱԼǸҲûмֵҪǵԼˣŮûطȥ˽ˡ
ڣеҪʲôҪ֤ԼļֵԳ̾ͳľݡ
̵Ȼܴ󷽵˵Ǿɣס÷𣿡
ͷˣڳǱߡ
üͷ΢壬ҡҡͷһ˵סڳǱ߲㣬ҸǱķӰɣǱҲ㡣
ڰǱûзӳۡ
ǱķӼ۸񲻷ƣмУû˻
Ǯ򲻵
ЦЦ˰һףʱҽȥ㡣
ŴЦЦá
̻Ѱ͵ȣĿŰ뿪
ڲȱ˲ţϹܼרľⷽ˲ţҲԶȱ뵱ٵˣȴԶȱ˲ţִᣬ󲿷˶˵ңҵļλȴˡ
ǰ̵軹ҵҲһϣȥʦɼõĻҵѧУܰ䣬ȥרҵҽԺҲȱлʿ
ֻǳһֱԼѡ񣬽û߽ѧУ԰ʹˣźԴѧкܶõ󣬸߿֮ǰ˶˵ֹһ꣬õĴѧڵ㣡

оôŬˡ
Ȼͳ˳̵ġ³衱̲˷ӣʱǱġȨһʱ֮ͥУھǳţ˹
İûй顣
ڵүʱǲ̫飬ϾǴүδļ̳ˡ
ĹҲ˴˳ȥˣֻŮˣŰݷõľͳھӵķǣҲæˣӳõ˲ֽÿ춼ڻͼ
ֻƤֽİٴˡ
ЩֽƤֽʵˮãһǾţడᣬҲı˷֡
һ˵䱦֮أȻθУԼ˷ֽܹΡ
ֻ̲֪ڡ˯֮ǰ˹˶һ˵Ҫһ쵱ɵʱ򣬿˹صļֵǷһʸУԣÿ߳ʱ򶼻ҧס˹صļ
㲻£ֻǱһ𣬳Ҳúϲȴڿ˹صĴϣ˶йȥҾĿ˹ػᱻԼѹ
˵Ǳ߻ûϢ̱۾ӵڿ˹صؼϣǼȫǿ˹صζŵζ
˵ϾѶȣƻҪһʱֳܿгˡ
гĿ˹ضԳûȤгҲûɵÿ죬˵
̣·Ҳˣоûʲô¸ˡ
ûҲҪԼ£ǲͣģһͣ¾ͻи˶Ծͻɷˡ
̵ڿ˹صϲ˲䣬˵Ȼû£Ϳʼ淶ҵְɡ
ҲʺϽʺȫֵأȻˣƵĵطʹ
˹¶ûҵ֣׼ȷ˵гжûС
̶ܶûУҪֻܵżпУķҲƽҲһէһͨסլûֻһֱŶѡ
˹ضЩûȤ̸ܼʱ򣬿˹Ҳڳߣһ߿һ
ǳѾûпյĽֵˡϹܼҺǳ
ڳ˿ڱǣΪǺΪܶ˶ݽ˹һһֻ˳ģ˹¶ֻûߣǮֱӣôǮⷿӣʵûǮľסݼÿ¸ݼסķá
ϵ˵ڳǱ߽
Ϲܼң͵ųˣҪʥԺһ㱨ģֻõɲܡ
ϹܼҺȻ˵ˣʶѾǰˣʥԺû˹˰ˣѾ鲻ˣ
˹¶ʥǲõʿҹ̵ҲҪӽʱܵȥĻ̵ҡҸȫĵط˯ôҲҪĸ¡
ϹܼҺȻ˵ɡ
Ц˵⼸ʥԺӦòǡ
̵ͷҲôģʥԺ˭˭Ӯ֪һºԣǾʥԺҷֳʤ֮ǰǶͳ½
ǱȫľȥԸԷûֺ̫;ƹǡ
ǿܻҪ£
ȷʵеС룬ȻҪҵ֣Ǿù滮Ҳһ˰ɣ֮鷳
ϹܼҺͿ϶һãĿų̡˹¶С𣿣
˹¶ǧˣ·ʥΧһָĴǣ
ֻйĴǡ
ɳ̾ȻС
Ϲܼҵͷʣˣ˹¶ж˲źʣ
룬һУҲҪȶִܸܲ˿ڡ
ء붼롣
ʥǵ˿ڶûһضࡣ
һʡἶµ˿мʮͨ˿ʮңٵļǧ
̲ñȣҲȲҲٵıȣóмݣϹܼҺͿ˵ʮҰɣҲС
ϹܼҺͿϻ࿴һۡ
ʥǵ˿һЩϣҡ
ˡ뽨һʥǣ
뵱


135 
һƽԭϣһ, Ǵƾɵ, һЬĥ, Ϻ϶ǲҶγϸ˿ڣЩѾ, ЩѪ飬Ѫ䲻䡣
ȷ紵, ÿ˶ݿ, ȫݵֻʣһѹͷ
ǲ֪Լ˶ãȻľ, еǰȴ߲ͣͣˣˣ˾ͷˡ
ͷһһӣſڵϣã, ѾˣҲ, ôһֱȥ
½û˻ͷһ, ֻһͷվԱߣվ޵ĲӺϸݣͦŸԴһĶӣûʲô˵ְ֣ɣҪˡ
һ˲Ժ˵߰ɣǣְֹٸȥ
û˵ڣֻҡҡλεվһһǰߡ
ʱ΢紵紵ʱҸʱ˻ͣ½Ųĸܷ縧ĸо
ûпʼ֮ǰûԭҲǶ˵Ķ͡
ҹǾһϢʳѾԹˣֻܸһڲݸЩݸóԣֿɬӣ³Ҳӡ
˴˻֣ѲݸٳԺԣǹɿɬζٺܶࡣ
ɲóԡ
Ҳû
ûĿĵأֻΪ˻Ŷš
ΧڻѱߣŲݸƺãһȺ˾ۼһȴ
ǹãȴûһ˿͡
˰ԼǰĲݸľúȳԣкҲ̣ܿͰˣȻ׽ڼһӣȴһֶû˵
Թ֮ǿʼ˯ĵطҿȻ˯ֲ̫ԶҹᱻҰҧ
·ѾвҰ޶ӣֻûоΪǰЩɢ͹ͷҲ˰ʰԺ
ȥҲᱻҰٳûҪ
˻Щɢ࣬ҹﱳ͵͵ԣҿ죬Ͼζ˯ѡ
˵Ļʣְ֣Ҫòŵ
ĺӵıϾ͵ˣ͵
⻰ÿ˵һ顣
Ƕ֪Ҫȥ
ȵڶҪǰߣֱֱǰߡ
Ψһ˵ǣûǿǣǿȺǰ׷
ʱ·ʱϢҲ֪Լ˶á
ڿУѾľȺûаϲ
;ܶУЩвЩѵ˳ֻǣȺһ㣬ǻطԲݡ
ʱǻ⵽ŹŮ˻ᱻϹȥ̣
Ůٻʱ򣬲һˣǱϹȥʱǸˣʱֻһĥʬ塣
γǰһǣǱֵأԱ߻ʱӹϢˮͳԷԶԶĿţľ۾һɡ
ǣãûڳǱ߿ֵֻصũūǾũū
ιǴĶģֵصǿ׳˷Ļһ߳Ⱥߣһ߸
˲Լͬĺһ˰ѺԼ󣬺ӱס˸׵ȡ
ҲǣǾ͵üߡ
Ѿϰ˱𣬲δ̫ϣ
ԱֵصҲͣ¹Ⱥȥ
źӵվ̬ȹ˵ǴӰձ˹ģҽаġ
ձˣĶ
û˵
϶Զ
ڲˮĹ¿һȺ˾ۼһæ˹ȥǻȥԼǽ档
ձ˰һԼ֪ӣͷ԰һ˵ɡ
վԭأ˽Ų˹¡
µǰ˵ãǸĺˣ
ţҲţһ˵һ㵸˸˵ˣҪ޼ҿɹĿˣͰ
ǲϻĺˣĺ¡
ɲǲš
µİ쵽һԺŮ߳µ˵ֻ⼸
µģ⼸ŪɾŸסӡ
ûסˣкܶ࣬죬סҲͦãᶳ
ŮˣǸʲô
µģǶݳˣܸʲô£ȥʳôְɣõԼȥҹ
Ů˴Ӧĺˬ죺С
ȻİǾͱ쵽˷һߣŮһߣȻǾͱ·ϴ裬˳ͷϵëˣ·ҲҪһˮ
϶飬ǲܱģͷϵǺɫģϵǰɫģμ˭Ҳ˭ء
ϴˮˡ
귢Ķˣһһǣôģ
ĸϴ裬˵ѹģȥ˻֣ׯڶȳԹˣүҪ˰ʵûа취ǲܵġ
ͷ˺Ȼ˵һҲΪ֣Ϊˮ֣ȫˣֻܡ
ĺһ˶̧ͷŶԷɴ۾ʣ㲻Ǳˣ
ͷ˺ЦҲǰ˹¶˶úܡ
֤ĸǣ
ãĸ
ͷĵͷ԰˹¶˶ĸ
ͷľһĸ󻹲ʥ飺ʥֻǮүǣɲЩˣֻĸűǡ
ԺԷ˵𾢣Ҳͺܸӵĵͷ
ͷļ˵Ǵ쵽һ׸ɾ··ǰ׸ǵģԺҪӹǮۣո˵ˣǱȥʳøɻǻɣǰ㶫Ż
Ǯ࣬зԣ˾ȥһˡ
ͷĸǳıߣڽǣȱ֣ǮҲ࣬һʮöͭң࣬ÿ컹գɲòǮ
߶߶˵˰죬Ȼʣ𣿡
ŰڵһȺһҡͷⱲӹƶûôϬ
ͷ̾˿Ȼظһ飬˵ĸϸˡ
Ҳˡ
˻һۣȻ󰢶̲סʣôǣ
ȻǺʾԼܸɻʵǶѾˣȥʳðƶ᲻˶٣ʳڰ׸
ͷԼһͷ̷ǺˣˣͲˣʱ򶼵ûģҶ˲ŰѸʱǷծꡣ
Щ˵ҿȺһġ
̲סҫһڳǱ˸ӣٴǮˣ
ֱҹڲ˯ʱ򣬶һǼٵġ
ÿ˸˯۾
˯ȥһоʧˡ
ҹգ֪˶ãھǹ貣ʤա


136 
еűȳٶҪ죬ԭΪڵҪһг, Դ´Ժ, ȻвʾԸԼǮȥ, ó̲һġ
Ҳǰ׸ɣҪҲеġ
ϱµĳ漷м, ˶˵Ļ˵ˡ
ϱûѶǲ²Ӧ, Ȼô̰˲ԼĲҵܡ
Ĳ, Ѿɾˡ
һȥȨߣҲǸ˶ѡ
ϱĳ, 붷ߣռ󣬶λ˹¶ģϱ̹ԺĲҵҲͣˣֵܽĳн֣ǳԼĲҵĳ̻ûֵԭûôġ
Ҳܾ, ĳԽıǽ˵, ˰˵Ļղ˰ҪҲû̫ȥ, Ҷ˵Ժ޹ؽҪϾ˹¶˴ģǰ˹¶ļԺҲϱھӪûгԺĺôȻû̫ȡ顣
ĳһĳǿüģұԺĳǱ
ԥ˭ò𰸣ܼҺͿ϶ǵ˼άʽͳ̲һֻҪǮľǺõģǮôжΪҵǲ⡣
Ȼʱûã̵ȻһڴӦ
ϱûҵ̫ðɣ°ͣѾˣͶ䶼һɸ߸ϵ⣬Ҫ淶ԼΪҲκιء
Ϊһйصƶߡ
ΪԼ˵ģԼġ
ǵͷ滹˵ȴԱߵץסֹ֣˵Ļ
̺ȻЦҵбĺôǡ
һ̧ͷĿתĶų̡
̼˵ǰѽԺ󣬷ݵƾҶ֣Ҳ˰
˿ĭʿˮܴΪڰÿ˶һ
⵱ȻȽֶĳĺô󣬵Ϊһ棬ҲǺܺϸ档
ϲɫ¶һֺõЦ̿Ψֳ̿Ƕ카ȥˣ¾ôǵȻؼҰǮ׼ãȻȥˣųߵͼֽλˣǾܿˡ
õҪľͷճϼõĶ٣ַӽÿ죬ľͷҪҲߣԸҪ£Ȼͻ©©꣬ùôҲǷӡ
ǿס˵ķӣֻҪһɸ˿ڣвܸл
뵱Ҳװ
̾˿ڡ
֮󣬳ȥ˻԰
԰ǲ˷Ĵģߵĵطʯ壬ȻûмɽٲʧΪһƯĻ԰ԺҲûлķϣɫһ޶ҵĿţٻϻſ۷䣬ڼȡۡ
̸յ԰һ۾Ϳ˰ڻ԰мֳг
ѹغ˵µĹڰŪˡ
ҲĿȥ
õĶǶֳҲܼ򵥣ֻ˻
֮ҪĸӵģֻʥԺʱǮ򲻵
ʥԺļҲرãӾ䣬ƥʱٶȶҲסƥȥӼȥ
Ͷֳͬ˵ֳгǴִ죬·ź⣬ȫµÿһڴУҺֵǮ
ߵгԱߣȿΣ˰֣ȥ֮ܵεĸ߶ȡ
Ȼְ˰Σ˵»ûɵļξһʵ޻һƼõƤ
ôеԣҲӲ
ڳ׼ȥԵʱһԵĿæֹˣ⳵ȵģ
ǰһ˳ֳѾԹˣƽȣֳͲһˣȥͻᵹ˵߶÷
ϲ˵ⲻá˴ģֻܵ裬ҲǺõġ
ֻǿϸ˵꣬ͿѾȥ
ʱ׼Լȥ䵱棬ˤס
һȺ˼ˣƺ޲óһˤ
ϧǵһֻŲ̤ϣһгͻȥһξ룬ȻŰһֻҲȥ
г⣬ֻҪѧ˾ԶȻ֪ʲôԭѾ˳˳Ͼǻ԰ǿƽĳأ̵ÿƳ٣Ҳú
Ƶų΢շϵ鷢
Լһܲײ࣬롣
һȦгͣס΢Цʿϣһ˶٣
ѾɵˣĶǡ˲ˣӵĳ
ոôûˤأҶ׼˹ȥˡ
̫࣬ڿûڵһʱش̵⡣
ԱߵһͺȻ˵ˣֳʮֳʮ
̿Ǹͣû˵
ǿϷӦԺظһ顣
ЦЦȥûҪɣǱָֺˡ
˵꣬̾뿪˻԰
ǫıҲ˻ȥŴ۸ոͣǴ˶ҲûгԷһ˦֣ڳ̵ˡ
ڵĳѾǸɵɵˣ֪ԼողܽǸ͵ĻλεĴ򿨵ϵ
һֱߣҲûйࡣ
棬Ҫġ
ֻʣ¿ϵʱ򣬳̲˵ϣ˰ɣԺԽԽ࣬һæ
ȰϷȨ
ϰѳߵλӿ̫ˣ˹¶Ժ󣬿ϵĲмǳ̶ܸоı仯Ӧú߻ԽԽĵˡ
һֱֻԽˡ
Գ̱ѿϣϸôʱ䣬̶Կиġ
ϣһխ·խ·ֻԽԽխ󿨵ϻ޴㡣
ϵɫ˲òҰףվڳ̱嶼΢΢죬ȴֻ˵һ֣ǡ
תͷ˿һۣȻĿϵļ򣺡ȥæɡ
ż򣬵ͷԺת¡
̶һվڴߣС˵ʵʵûʲôͷִӶǺÿûҽԺҲûдķ꣬ûϷɣǱķӶ㡣
ԴӳԺȻ˲ģ㲻ϸɾֻûشС˶ѣǺܶ࣬һ㶼ڽͷβȣܿͻɢ
ÿֵĹ֯ȥÿ˵˹¶һξĵطȥ
ʱǿɽõȾ
ڳվڴ߷ʱһӰߵ˳̵
̸Ӧˣȥ˹ӵ˻
˹صͷ촽ų̵޽ǣô鷳ˣ
ҡҡͷǾеۡ
·Զ⣡


137 
غͿڷȾƣϻɺɳ䵱¾Ʋ, Ǻȵ˫糺, ÿźһ¾ƣְϵĿվƺ, ƺָԼͿľƱ
Ϊ̵Ľʿ, غͿųĵλ
˹¶ֻҪӳ̵, ÿ춼˸, ȥǶõ
ǰغͿδܹġ
ϾСʱͱ͵ʥԺ̵ܽѵ, غôϹսһ뿪ʥԺǻͳȥׯ԰
ϹսİҲûΪξõʲôôĹͶʿˣһֱں󷽰ȫشʿսõ˾λΪһλӾ
ֻǸͨʿ
˾Ƶİ̲סԼĹȥԿгҸȥĸ׸ļ, ңͰȥʥԺ
ԷǼ̳˵ĺ˵, ȥʥԺʿõĳ·ĺӱȥΪĸİ, ȥΪ˲Ҫ
ĸײҪ費ҪûһԸ
Ϊ˰ʥԺĸ׻һʲٵǮ
һֱԼǱˣҵԼĹޡ
˵˵žͿˣ˾ƵᱻŴ󣬿ԭ侲һޣҲûס׳ͷʹޣԼȥңྡ
ߣǳȥ䣡ҡһεſվ˵ײײ˷䣬ſڵ˿ıӰ̾˿
ˣλȥ¾С
غͿסһǮһ׷ӣ˶ûˣһס壬סһ𣬷ӽڳǱаֻһֵľ롣
Ǹ߳ţͿһȺվڽֵϣĦ࣬ͷܶкӱ׼ڲϣһ˵һ߽кãּˡ
غͿůһŨץסΧһСӣһζʣôôˣʲôˣ
Сһɴ۾׳Ю£߶µ˵г
شͷʣʲôгɶг
Сӿ˿Ⱥм䣺棬ӵĳȻȣ
һȺڿϡ棬Ϸ
غͿûף֪ȺмϡƴＷ׳㱻һűֽ
ۣ
ѽֵˣոأ
⳵ĸأ
Ƕֳֻһ֣Ҳܶ𣿡
ֳҪư㲻˵ȣ
غͿò׼ȥͿһǲʶһӵĹֳ˴һƻѣԭǸͷˣʱȴһͷǺҲմ˻ҡ
һֻŲ̤ϣȻһֻ£ӻˣŰѽŷȥ
ó˺ܶ࣬£ŵȥ
ˤæˤ֮ǰýųסˡ
ôһֱԣΧ۵Ҳûɢڼֵֹ֪ĳܲö
غͿɴ۾
Ǹʲô⣿ز֪˭
Աߵ˽ӻгͷĺö˵ýŵž߳·
Ѿˤ˲֪ٴˣòײŴӳǱﵽ
˵꣬ӻ˻ؿ۳ǱǱž·ĻҲǴʱ䣬ܼʮ͵ˡ
ͰصѾˣؼʣģ
ոսӻˣ˵Ūģôõ
Աˣ㰥ʲôгôƯŪóû㻨Ǯ
ǣôӣ㻹˱˭
϶õģҴԴ϶벻
ӻ˱Ļͷæͷˡ
Ūģ
غͿ࿴һۡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪŪֳֻҪǴŪĶǿ϶õġ
ڰطʱȺкȻһûˤ
ˣ
ﳵƺѾȫƽ⣬һʼгŤƺһͻˤסˣǴӸߣСܣٵܣֱϣųһûӰ
ô죿
죡
õľӣģ϶
гܿ˹¶ͷβһķ羰гĶǮ˼ҵүﳵΪ԰ڣΪӣǰˤٶζҪѧᡣ
гܹˤȥ֮ǰǻҪڵһʱԼסгóˤˡ
˹¶һȺүǳһˣ·ͿҲ֪ĥ˶١
ѧ˵ľͺܵˣÿųڳﴩխСĽֵǲȥϲڿĽֵﳵ·۵Ŀ⡣
үǷѾѧгʱǵĽҲݱĿչš
滮õĽֵܿ챻ʵľƵĶֳҲ׳˿ľͷкһȥػ
żһ۽ȣ˳֮ǰ·ʱƶĹأÿÿɹ涨ĻõĳͣҪƣʲôʱʲôʱǮ
ԭʮܸĻܸˣǵĽֵڻʯ壬ȷӽúŻ̡
ʱ̸£һ̾˵ˣλӵǻۺԶǸɴµĴ
ɴµĳ׼һЩëƤС¡
ȥÿֵĹ£֣ǡ϶Կ˵Щ˸ɨֵǰӵͰ
̾ҪҸУҸдԴһЩעСϸڡ
źЩ֮󣬳̾ȥ˿Ҫسëϱ
ϱǿҪѾسëˡ
һӵˣȻҲ̻ǵԼһμϱʱǽϱֵľˣǹλߵƣȰǸӾҪ塣
ڣϱѾʧȥǿƵǷϣ˥ϣѾҲסˣɳڵƤһԵʮ־޴ĺ۴˶ںڰ֮У廹ɢһɽ޷ӵĳζ
һֱûϴϱˡ
̸սͲ㱻Ѭȥ
ϱͷĿؿų̡
ʳͱ˿۵Ĳ̱࣬ĻᶼûС
Ͱѷźʹ򿪣ͨͨ磬ζɢȥٽȥ
һʱ󣬳ٴ˷䡣
ϱϣĬĹ۲ŶԷ
ϱɵˡ
ڳԺϱῪ˵ʱϱȴͻȻſ죬¶һڻٺЦô㻹ҪңûңĹɲ
̾˿ڶԴκһˡ
ΪѾûˡ
̼º̵ֲ˵Ĳǹ󡣡
ֻҪʣԣж꣬Ͳ¡
̣㣬ֻ֪ʳ
ϱ¶һЦ
̾˿
ԼҪΥĿˡ
뻹еСء
лҪ˵̣ΥˣҵĽָ
ָ೤ʱûˣûģ


138 
ѵһ츳ܣüȻҪ, ͵ʽ, ǰϱȥһɾķ䣬˼ƿ, ȻǴӻ԰ժĳ䣬ϸĲúͦġ
ϱԼҲû뵽̻һ, ܵ·֮ϵı鲻, ǳûе׶, ֻܿάԼˡ
ڿʼ֮ǰѵʣ㻹ʲô˵𣿡
һ˵ɣ֮ûˡ
츳̫, 㹻Ӱ˵һҲû˵ٻȷʵϱΪеĻᡣ
ϱΪҪɱԼһ˫Ƥŵ۾ų̣ʵ㵽Ҫʲô
ƣȨ
ֻΪϱԳΪѡ
ȴ辶Ҫκ˷Ȩ, Ȩ
ϱףס, Ҳ̫ˣ˶ã˼˶á
, ̾˿Ȼվ˵Ҫ˵ΪƽŲţ
ϱ
̣Ҿ˼ر̣ʲôһҪһĽ͡
ܽΪʲôеϲ㹽е˲ϲ𣿡
̣ҾͲϲ㹽ڰ㹽ر⣬һͷôϲζȴͬأ
ϱˡ
̣㲻ҡ
ֻķΧڣá̲㱻ԼĸٸжˣһбԽԽãѵҵĿ𣿡
̶ϱ˵ҪǮȨҪɾ͸кУʵࡣ
㻹ʲôʵģ̺Ƣʡ
ϱɶ׼ɱң
ҡҡͷ׼ҲǸ˲ţڰٷϴˣʲô˲ŶҪ
ϱ˿ͺãֻҪһڣܶɽ
̣û˶԰ɣ
ϱ˵ˡ
ǳ̺ѹĿ˸ڳ̿һ˲䣬ϱʹסˣ׶ʧӰ٣˫ĿϽҲйˣԭλ˺ܳһʱ̧ͷ
Ŀ׷ų̣ûԹޣɻ;衣
ֻж׷󣬷·һ˲䷵豹棬һˡ
̳ϱЦЦ
ϱҲЦƺôó΢ЦЦøһ󣬷ǳӲ
вĲƲ𣿡ʡ
ϱѾ֮ǰϱˣų̵ôôϲԵľûбȳ̸ÿˡ
Լ֮ǰΪʲôҪԣڳ˹¶ʱӦðԼһж׸ԷֻԷ¶һЦ
еģˡϱ˵ϸĻᷢĨΣԵرϲ죬Ҳڳɽˡ
üͷ΢壬ħѾѳĵ͸ˣ©һɽܷš
ϱ˵ɽ˸ؽѣ档
̣ܴȥҳ𣿡
ϱæͦţȻԣ
Ϊң
΢ЦȻȥɡ
̻Ҫһϱĵطһ˲ſɲ˷ѣȻѾ˶Ͳܰùӣʵڲ̫
ϱߵĿʱʱ̶̿ڳϡ
һļƤԼʱܣʵ㻹ʲô˵ģ
ϱˣ׼
ԭϱҪĹܣô׵Ķ˳
ʱ򣬰پ͸дˡ
һ˹¶ܽĳУи˹¶ͬԶȴû˹¶ôõȲҵŦҲûгȵߵˡ
ǰֻܽŽһ𣬿ٹά
صһ֧Լǿš
νǷۣë
֮˹¶صȻû٣һ⡣
Ȼѧ·ߣһҪ»ֻӲͷƤȥһ·Ҫ˷Ѻüʱ䡣
ֻǸͨǿŻ˵ǼһһȺªĻҲħ壬ôҲƽȥⲻͨǿţڵعǿš
ҲֻܻǮƽ
ɴʵڲʲô֮ƣУҪʳҪƥΣҪƷһΣһԺͨеˣɱȡѡ
ƵİͰĿŵԼھϡ
Ͼھһֻ򣬸Ͳ˵ûܿıʮѣֲǼʮʿֵһᡣ
ľӣɶɱ˵ǿ
ͷȻϿ򶨣ʵ²ѡ
ֻҪħǵķӦٿ죬ҲضƽǱ֮
ûκηԵʱ޴˯оѾ
Ŵжܳʿ
ϱûоʿƺЩǲʿֻҪ˵ǣǾһǣ
ϱһǧˡ
һǧĲˡ
ھսߵҲڸڡ
Ǻвģһһıı䡣
ˣǾٹ֮ġ
ץ׳ֻҪˣս
̣׼ʲôʱ
ϱҲ֪ûиʱ䣬֮ǰǸҵʱ䣬ǾԺ󡣡
˿ʱ䣬㹻׼ˣзħ壬ȫһһѰǧǿ¡
ڰ
ЦЦȱһչũҵĳС
ȻģͲЦˡ
ϱæ˵Ǹ׼ģֻдĹҫǸĳУֻʴȲܵӵ˵аֻġ
̣ס
ϱɵı죬̧ƤСؿ˳һۡ
һۿó̺ۡ
ôϲ츳ܵԭ
ʱΪ챻죬ֿͣ¿㶼±͵ߺȥЩ£òܹϣĲˡ
˵ãԼС˵ʱҲԲԼ졣
һĲСܾǾɫˡ
ŶһĴ󲿷ֶǳ಻Ŀĳպ
̣ˣȥĲƱڳϺúϴϢһ£ҵԼûʲô£
ϱȻһ죬ﻹݵؿ˳һۣȻͷ޽ߵ˵ֻڴߣΪЩ΢С£ֻҪһۣҾˡ
ޱ飺һ
ϱٵ˵Ϊϴ
̷
ϱΪЬ
̣
ϱΪ
޿̣Ҹ㰲ʲôʲô
ϱֱ㶵ضų̡
̱ͷƤ飺ô֪ˣ
ϱȥһۣϸ˵˺ҵӣš
̣
Ķʲôʱˣ
Һû
лҪ˵̣Ҵˣû뵽ʱ䲻⼼ܻ
ָԡ


139 
ھ˼֮󣬰ϱõ˲칫ҡ칫ҲǸ, Ҫܳнʽ䷢, һЩƷʹϱӹ, ȷʵǸˣҲͷȥˡ
⼸Ҫ, ټ֣Դ, Ĵ, ǱҪǰ̽鵽ϢڳѶԷѻ
սսָĳʱˡϡͳ, ν˿˹ء
ȻҲ֪˹ػ᲻ָսܱǿ
ǶսԣǶŹҲòʲô
ħھͲ䣬ʿǲ㾭ֵ
Ͼ޶ħë
ʿҲȥ̶Կ˹˵ÿⱣ, ڱǾǺǡ
ڵʥԺȻս, ҲΪԭ޷ЧĹܿصطУкͳ֮䷢ͻ, ԴսսֻԽԽࡣ
ǿҪһʥԺͳһָӣʵΣԼӵȨȨÿ潻˰ȥʥ⣬ʵʵۡ
УҲûСֵܽá뷨
ԴԽ٣ǿҲԽ
ڵ˹¶һ⣬ֻҪбµĶǹ
̲׼С˹¶Ĺģ֮Ա죬ΪǱطǿΪǿеĹģ˿ڣѾսȫƽˮƽһصʱǲܰȫ
ôƶСкʹӶϴ٣֤Ӳ˵ͨÿеĹͷٶҪУÿеĹͷٶҲҪȴ
˹ڴ̨羰̵ĻԺͷá
°֪ͣǸʲôĳС
˹¶Ժûȥĳп沢˽⣬ڵǺȻ˺ģ̾˿Ҫȥʥǿͺˡ
׶УһԣĳУʿ˹أʥӦʲôӣ
˹´̨ߵ£쳤һֱ첲Ҳ˳ƿ˹ȥ˹ص嶬ůνӼбر̱ס˹صĳ̾һ
ʥǡ˹طԼĸõĲļ䣬ǧǰʥǵľ˳
ħļ䴫оһµݽһӣԿףֻпӵһȷʱܴҵ𰸡
һԵõħļ䡣
˹֮ǰ̵߳ʱ̻˿
ҺȻһħܿɶĻˣ˽ȨҪе
ǧǰʥǸһ͵Ĵ䣬Ǹʱ˼ͥĸҲֻʯʯõʯͷҲСģʹûϵճϼֻõص
˹͡סĳǱҲֻһʯͷӡ
ǿ˹ϵ˵һǧǰﻹֻǸªĴӡ
̣ϻԸһˡ
ϧƶ뿪˹¶Ȼȥʥǿ
̵ͷڿ˹صļϣһ㶼붯ڷż裬һ㶼ȣǡá
ȳ̿ڿ˹ؼ˯֮󣬿˹زŵİѳ̱ȥȻñӸס˳̵ĶƤڸ֮ǰ˹ػڳ̵İ׶Ƥһڡ
Ǳɦʲô˯лЦ
˹ĿĿų̵ͣ˼뿪䡣
ʿվڿյϣ⴦յרűģʯ壬滹˲ֿ⣬ȫǴõʿÿ춼ҪѵǸͬڳѲߣѵѵǿȶöࡣ
ЩʿͨƽӦеҲֻΪõ̶ʡ
ÿõһöͭңƽ˵ǳϾһ׳ȥһµҲʮöͭ¡
зյģһΣǵԼϵԴȥƴһ·
ֻǸյ±ıȶû뵽ս졣
վȺУգһվͷĺ鲻ͣ䣬˳ջ°ͣȻʯϣѸʧ١
ߵҲһֿʣȴұԹһ䡣
ѵȻǿµģܹӵӲ
û֮ǰԼҪƤвݸ֮ÿ춼ܳԱһʱ仹ܳԵ⣬ǮһˣܵǲñҰ𣬼ٿ࣬Ҳ
Ȼ֮ǰѵͬʿǿǵĽ̹ҲԴһվ£Ŀľͷĸ̨
Ҫһ˲Ĵ
Щ̹ٸʿǲͬǶǱ˹ѵģÿһų˵ͣηƺ£˲ſ¡
ȶ̧ͷ͵͵ԼĽ̹һۡ
Ȼ˿ĭͷ
̹н̹Ͽˣƺû˵ĸ飬ֻ֪սϰʱ飬˾ͻˣû˺꣬Ҫѵ
ʱͬдʱ򣬰ѵĶӮ
Ӯû취˻ܲҵġ
ȶһЩڰʿĽ̹ٵĶ飬ȻϿûаôɥĲ
Ȼñȶֵǣƽʱһ׺ݵİʱȻ˱飬ֵһͨʿлŨŨĿ־;η
治֪ѵĸˣ
ȶ˫ĿĿվǰʿĺס
ȶ֪վ˶ã˥ȴûʧʱǵȴ˳ˣȶǺܺãֻܿһӰӰ׿׿ΣǸȥǿ׳ˣûпŵļʹͷֻεĻһλ塣
һɫĳۣӵһͷԵøڵĳǼɫ˸̹ǵֱڱѾͷʿȻԣҲģŽ̹ǵӣǫĵͷ
˹زϰ߸ѵڳǰ⣬Ǹáˡ
ʱ˹ؿ̨µʿǣòϣȺʿħˣħ崩ô棬ԭ;ûƣǿԿ˵з
ʿĿбӣǱѵ䣬Υָ
Ͼǿ˹ѵĽ̹٣Ĵˣԡ
˹ҲԸǱǣȺ嶯Ǿۼһ𣬱
ҪȺһֻϻ
˾Ҫˡ˹ص󣬵ÿȴ塣
˹غȻЦЦʿְսȥµ˵ͷܻ˺ܣֻ
˹ֻϴЦվǰŵʿͽ̹Ƕƽȴزɱƻˣ̧ͷ
˹صĿɨÿһ̹ٵ̧̹ͷͦأ˹չʾԼǿ׳׺
˹أǵþɱˡ
ʿȫ̧ͷſ˹أһ򵥵ĻȴǺȻĲơ
ǰǱϵĵҪÿһǵĵˡ
˹غ
æУһ˫۾ɺ죬Ŵ˵ķӦҪ
ѵôãôô²˴ƺΪ˵ȴһ죬һ̡
˹ؿŰ
壬ħ壬սɱѪ
˹أһˣȷӡ
ϥأغǣ
ȷһѵĵ⣬ҪֱӴ˵࣬Ƭ̳ɣҪкηǸӣѵʿ㲻ǷӣҲ챻Ʒˡ
ź˵ְλ󣬿˹ؾ޻˵ǳ̣˿ӦڳƪԱȻ˹زǳ̣Լ˵Ķ˵ˣ˵ȥǷϻ뿪˸̨
̹ĦȭƣֻҫһӵҲȲԼڵı¡
˹ߺ󣬽̹Ǿʿѵ
Ҳкͽ̹ٹϵõʿ͵͵ʣˣոλǡ
ȥ׳˶ܸһʮײеĸо
̹С˵λǿ˹شˣЩ̹پѵġ
ʿ
Ϊ̹ǽ̹٣û뵽Ҳбѵʱ
̹ѵʱ򣬲Ĵ˸ֱۣʿ˵ʱҿɱǻҡ
ʿôֻۣʱƴÿ찤ᣬûϢ±ףԷʱҪ⡣
Һðˡ
̹۾С
֪ĸùҪǴ

ڡ
ġʿĵܽһСŶӣһ֪ŶСﶫգ㵽ĿĵأǽļľСޣǴľС⿴
ʿԺǲС߳ľ䡣
ʿѻһó鲻ĺźܶСʯӣڷǳʳ
磬˯𣿡Ск˿ĭ
ʿЦҽҪҪãԺͲöˡ
ʱ·һᷢʿһɬףܻʮ꣬֫ϸݣֻһ˫۾ִѺݽľ˲ܳԣȻǵݸҧôӲ
ͷߵĶǡʿ˵ǡʿʵǳ͸ҴŵǿţȻڳΪǿ֮ǰҲֻͨƽ񣬿ܶûдȻһ£Ǿͱ˿־ǿ
ġʿŵܵǰĺȥ¶һЦݡ
ܳԾͺãܳԾܻȥ
ܵǳ֮ˣȥＯϣȻһȥ˹¶Ǵ·֪˹¶Ǹط
Ǹõط
˶лɣˣ˲ý˰ũԺúֵأõ˰ֳʳȫߡ
ֻҪǰ˵ģ˹¶ҲԹ˰ɣ
ĸĸ˶ߣֻʣܵܣΪ˱ǣҲ
ġʿ֪ԼҪϵһʲôĵ·ֻֻ֪ҪԼһõܵǻȥ
ʿѾˣѵôֻҪȥǾӭˣٵǿˣÿֻҪúùܵõ͡
ܿ죬Ǿ̤ǰ˹¶·
ǶԣǲһѪɱ·
һͨϣ·
Ǹո뿪ǰ˹¶ʱ򣬶ϵҲˣһﴩ󣬺ܿƽԭѹ壬ԼڰߵĲ
ܵĺܿ죬óܣħٶȶҪ죬εʱӯҲܺأڱܵ;л󿴣Ⱥûиϡ
ͿȺ˵Ӱˡ
ȸܵ˹¶⣬ǿŻں桰ڡо
еʿڳ⣬ռȻ䣬أǲھˣսȭͷ˷ܵʣǻжòܵ
۰ʵڲˣҲûаﻰϾ졣
˸ʱ䣬ҲȽ顣
Ϣ԰˵
ͷûпǿԶƽߡ
֪ΪʲôȻ˸
ðˣһѵһʱҪѪĵ
ʱҲڳ⣬Ĵöˣ³Աɣ֪˶꣬˺ϱΧ£ҶдУסƬ⣬ֻʣ°߲Ҷķ϶ڳ̵ͷϣϡ
˹ؾڳ̵Ķ棬мһľϰűɺˮ
˵̣Ϊӵ٣ζأּ˺ܶǣԳִ࣬ɹΪԵʳ
˽𣿡ʿ˹ء
˹Ҳ֪ǰѸʡ
ܵ˸ȷд𰸡
ȻðȺߵĺҲ֪˵ǸٶѾˡ
̿ϣʵսûоĸϾ֮ǰҲֻׯ԰һȺǿȺǿսôͰشŵʱǿ׳ūǶսʤǡ
սֻڵӾ￴Ӿر˻д⣬ͨҲֻǾáԲۣ湻󣬹ſᣬ֪Ͷ˶ǮȺȺݿǾְ𣬺зԶȡ
սǾֻһ֣жˣǱжˣʲôıȻôӮˡ
֮ûʲôʵС
վԱߵİأǰսʱʲôģ
غȻʣæϹϾ˵͡䡣
̻ӻ֣Ҳʳ档
ظãˣ棿ţʮѪȣ
̣
أ
̣˶𣿻ս𣿡
Եɵɵ˵˶࣬ûս
սһֻսʱŻУǴҪʲôսʳҪתͷֱɱˣʡʡ¡
Ȼսܵ˲㡣
һӵ˺ܶ࣬һҲûսɱ
룺ԸͶĻǱɱǷЩҲսͶ
Ѿʱˡ
ϣһ⣬һ·
Ȼ·ǽԱ¡
ڲ֮صʱ򣬲ȥˡ
ʿ˹أأ
˹س˿ɣ۾΢УһֻԵèɵĴèܵòУų˵С
̾˿ѹܴģ㽨鰡
˹һɣֻûԼԣι˳̡
ŵݵԼߵıɣȥ
Ȼ˹ʣó𣿡
̣óԡ
˹Աߵϸ޲ɾָȻ˵´Ƕŵǡ
գգۣá
˹˰ѳ̵ָк⣬Ƶ˵ͶĲɱҲãֵ·
ħ£ֵҲڲǡ


140 
ɫ̵ȵĶе㲻ͷˡ
ԭΪ֮ǰ˾ܵ, ̫ɽ, ֻʣһĨȴû
ħҲܲͷ, һյָεʿ, ֻڱԵ֯ߣһɱ, ֻظ, ħǱڰ˸ߵĲݵϳӶС, ñ˷֡
̸ûͷһڿ˹صϣ˹ǷðٲҪ˯ˡ
ڰصǿûó̵̫ãһĨʧʱ򣬳ԶĽŲһǧһжƽԭǺټ, ûɽǶܣǵκ춯
еǿ, ӦһȺԲһȭܴһͷţ׳УȻȺ߽, ܿӰԺŷ֣ǰĴſף⣬ġǿͺյ˹¶ʱƽû
ǻһɾţԵûôɥ
ƭ˵ģǿǡŲͷͷֻһ˫˫۾ǰעǰ
Ѿ϶ֻҪ˹¶ǾܹҸӡ
ӵˣǵĵˡ
ħǰԾԾʿںͷŵҪ
Ȼѵһʱ䣬ʿûԼѾʿԾǰԼƽ
˹ضԳ˵ø档
սֻеңҪԣһռϷ磬öԷԼһˣһмͥں󷽵ȴô˭˭ҡ˭䡣
ˣֻ·һ
ֻħףʿ԰ȫ
ͷͶĲɱ
̤ϹΧһ̣ں󷽵İһȣʿس˹ȥֻſڵϣûһԼΪĶѾѵˣûһ˳ɣڰͳ塣
˫õ֧һУֱзӪ
ȷӲöƣҲῼԱҪľһ˲̵Ĵ
ǿǡԼҲ׼ģһȻʮˣʮƥڰǳȥʱһʱƵ󷽡
ĳǰˣԭ͵嵹ȥûж࿴һۣͻӵˣ·ѪȾ죬ǹ貵ҹ紩һ¡
û⣬ѪǺڵġ
ѵıʿǵһսǾŵȴ˻¡
ΪЩ˲ӡײпµǿƽ
һʿҡˣתͷԼͬ飬һ̣һõĵ̴ĸ
ŵǸкûʿļߡ
һ룬ͬһкĲӡ
ʿͷŲԼǰѵѪ˿£ȴûоۣоԼΣѵڱôڣҪأ
ŭϣ
ãĿȥԭ̹ټǵְ
ϻ˵ϣȻûֻۡ
ΪʲôҪսأ
ֻúûţԼļˣÿܳһٱȢһţӡ
ϸоתе䣬ҲɱͰŭԼĿǰ
ĸĴ
ڵĻ±ӳһƽܳԱĵطɡ
ɱˣֻ뵱ˡ
ϣڰǰϻȥ
ߵ˴ӵϰѵγˣ
ŴȻһѪĭҳ壡
ʿǸڰʱʶսĲ̡
ǲɱˣ˾ͻɱǡ
Ҫʤ̸֮
̹ٴĶҲѾ˹ȥǰѰΧ棬ӰΧȦ˺һѿڣſ׵Ҳ֪岻ȥǱҪһ
תͷʿ˹أҪħȥɡ
˹ȴҡͷѪͳƲǵֻһ鵶״ѡ
˹ĳ̵ͷᣬȴҲ䣺㲻ÿսڣħҲԶӻǣǲΪֻ׸򡣡
Ըţڵֻ˷ʳ
Ŵ֪ս޷ġ
ԽΣԽƶ񤣬ԴͻԽпᡣ
˶Ϊ뾡취
ûƶֻ֣֮Ӯ֮
һ̵ĳ̾һϸף֪ӻˣȴֻܿźȥ
ʿ˹أǵǺãҵʿҲǿ׳Ϊʲôȴ£
˹أʱҲҪƵ·ˣܱȻ̵˸η塣
ߵʿûбƵˮһսĵز˾
ǿȴڶľϣǲˣ䡣
ħԱ߿ţ³ңһֻܳҵС
ҧĺ˺Ĳӣ
ĵ𣡡
أС𣿣
Ǻú𾢣ֻƴɱʿһֶ
˳һǧм䣬оʹֻȫѪҺƺڷڣÿһͷ죬˫۳죬ƺһֱڵһ̡
øΧߣͬͬˡ
˵ĵѾʼˣҪȥȫĵطѵֱɰûиԷʱ䡣
ʿµķһϡսǰͬ˵ǺܺһȺ˹ȥ˶ʵʵİѻϣþ𵶡
ΪҲͬ˵
ô˹¶˹¶жϣҲܻǺô
һѡ
ʿⱲͷһηӦô죬һףһѵʹǰ̽վһѵ˵š
ǰ˰ѵγһ̣ͬѪһ
ͷȫͬѪ顣
ʿĵ˵ϣͷԼһš
ˡ
˹¶˲û¿
ʿôȴţ֪ⳡɱʲôʱҲ֪ܻܲ󣬵Ҳûľ
ԼҪˣԼĸĸ
Լܵܡ
ûչˣûû裬ʧȥΨһܸɻĴСӣôڰȥأǻǽһ챻
ʿҧŴĬĿˡ
ڲˣԼ
Ǵ磬Ҫչ˵ܵǣĸˣȴ
ʳʱҪʳøܵǣѾܾúܾûгԱˡ
ʿþûеȵ˵ĳо𽥰
ȻһװغڵϣͶ
ڵϣͶ
ûʮʿԱǱڵϣͷűѪȾ۵ĴأȫڷϻһɧζֻѪζأûŵǹζ
ڵϣԼץŵͣشŴ
ֱ۱˻һѾľۡ
ͬҲûȰ϶١
Ҳû뵽ǿ
һصʬ壬ֲıߵˡ
¹º͵ϣֵҡ


141 
²ص˵Ҫڵιһ, ǱùѱԺٸǰŻ
˹¶ʿǲûΪⳡսĽ, ҪɨսҪά־, ֮Ҫȥ
ֱϲű, ĬԵȥʬ壬˵ʬ嶪ںõĴ, Ͼ, Ҳûڿӣӻ, Ұ޲ٳ
ʿĹ
רڳȦһصأʯʿǵĹ
սĵڶ֪ⷢʲô
Ϊ˵ĵط˹¶һ·սû춯
÷ѵĺ磬컹ûˣ˸¹ȥػϴ·һϴ·, һõʮöͭҡ
Ҹɻĵطˮܷ˵Ķ, ÷ܳԱУǮܴ, ʱҲȥˣؼҸĸ׸һ»ʳ
վɴ·ĸ״кԺ뿪˼ңȻǰǱߵϴ³
ֻǸո̤ŵ÷ȴǰһĻסˡ
վˣƺ̸ʲô˻ʮ˼һ
÷ãȻĴսһȺˣ˵Ļ
ǿˣ
סڳǱߵ˸ոսʱ˵ģ˵һͿʬ壡
ǡڲʲô°ɣ
϶û£ʬ֤Ӯˣ
ԣ
˵ǿر£Ҫǹһǣͻɱ˳ˣŮ˼ɱȻѺǱµǿ
ǳǲͻˣ
ֲ»ٳǣɱˣ˶ߣһط
÷ԥԥؿʣ˹¶ǴǰǿĲСǺʹ𣿡
ոдʵתͷ÷˵Ͳ֪ˣǿɲǿ
æչȥ
٩٩̸ɲ˹¶ߵʱ˴͵ҩҲûк̧ۣ˺⣬Ҳ·ֵػǮ
ҲɣҲȥˡ
ʣô֪ģ
ˣҾǴӰģ
Χ۵ˣ˵ǡ˹¶
ˣȻǴӰģҾҾ˹¶ˣȢ˹¶ţ˹¶ŮôͲ˹¶ˣ
ˣе
ѵñô˹ע̧ͷϲ˵Ȼղ˰òǮǵȥٹ·ˡ
Թߣۣ
ˣ⣬صĴҲôɡ
Χ۵̾Ϊֹû뵽ϻбŵǿţĴš
÷ĵĲȻʣߣûˣ
ˣ֪ûȥ⿴˵ȥ⿴ҪûĻҲȥ
Ҳȥ
ԶԶԣһȥ
÷룬ջǾһȥ¹ֻûй̶Ĺʱ䡣
ǵ˶ߣ˹¶ѵ˵ʱ
æʿһ߲Ŷͷĺһߴɨս
ڰѵ˵ʬӽ֮ǰǻðѶԷ϶һߡ
÷ǵʱ򣬿ľһƬȾѪأҶմѾɺԵѪʿһ߾߰ʬ塣
˲ԼͬھսԶͣ˽Ų
˹¶ΪһŦУѾܶûսˡ
һ˵;ĩ·û˻˹¶Ϊ˹¶һ£ǾֻѡƵߣϵܶ˵·
Ҳ˹¶˿Ѫȳ̲סһ
Ѿսˡ
Ҳƽ񣬵ûаעƽϡ
ɨԼѵıͷһηûаѵá
ѵˣͲаΪɶ
ѵˣͲռŴƵ»ս
ҧͷսʱԼҧˣʱȫѪѪҺȥƣʯͷϡ
ĸֻվţüͷ˵Ƕʮ
ûѵãɨɾˣҾȥҴ췣
˵Ĵǿ˹أƣĵͷҸһ𡣡
ﶼ˹صĳͷֶΣһܣӦöֻڴϡ
Ĩ˰Ժˡ
Ϊʿҹѵʿǲſ²ϢΪʿãʿսԺ༸ֻϣ
֪Լס
ֿȺƽ񣬶԰˵Щô죿ҪҪߣ
ڰ֣ǿɡ
ǣҲΪǶġ
̾˿
Ϊ˭أ
˭Ҳ˵塣
÷վȺУеҪʲôȴֲ֪ԼʲôתͷʸոǸӰˣǲǸȥæ
ûʲô
÷ӵȺд˵Ǵ̣սʤ˵ˣӢۣɨսӦЩûս
ĺף˵Ķԡ
Χ˶
ʿǶ̧ʬʱ򣬺Ȼֲ֪߳˺ܶˡ
ЩŮ٣Ĭվߣ̧˵ϵʬ塣
ʿһãȻ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ǴЩɨ
һʿȻȺϳԼļˣӣߵԼĸ׵ߣĸѻ
衣ʿһ
̧ͷԼӵһ˲ӿ˳ϸݸɿݵָŶӵգİޣ㻹š
ֿЦţûȥϢɣҰɨɾͻȥˡ
ȴû뿪֣˶ӵϣˡ
Ȼһսɱˣһġ
޴ֲ֪Լ˵ʲôܣֲ˶ĸЩ˵ĿûбģûӣǿĿ⣬ͺڿһӢۡ
˾塣
˵ڵǸǿ׳Сӣ
һͰɣ
ޣɱ˶ٸˣ
룬ʵ˵Ҳǵˡ
Ⲣûдǵ顣
Ǽ˵
ǲǺܿ£
Ҫǣ˹¶ɾˣ
ǶʿǱ˹¶Ӣۡ
޴δô佱ˣֻܵͷȥ˵ˡ
ĺ
֪Լڸʲô
ֻǵһƬңֻܼѵĴκűϵˡ
ǵڱǼѪζǵûӵȥʱ򣬵ǳ־۾
һ㣬ֻһ㣬Ҫջĵˡ
ɱ죬ֱڣ޶ûʵС
սˣҲɱˡ
˿ĭС˵ҡҲʿ
Ȼתͷ۰ҵĽ̹ٲǡ
ǲĻ
Ƕʿ
ҿɲսô
ޣ˹¶ĺӣػסǵĳУԺĺҲ㵱Ľ
ۿһ죬ɵɵվǣһ
˹¶ĺӣûйУûйƬء
赲˵˵ĽԼѪ⣬ס
һ̣£ˡ


142 
˹¶ĵ·ϰʻƽԶԷȥժҰ, Լ໨, ÿһʿļſڣĻ, ʿǴδעҲδôΧ, սѾƽǴɨɾˣȾѪطһ, ҲѪɫ
ʿҲ֪, ϾҪ
ֻһΣǵûз, ûп־壬ʶһжڱ˹¶ˣЩ˲翵ģǵھӣǵĸĸİŮ
Ȼ˹ǾͲһʤϢˡ
ǵֻۡ
һ֧ӹȥӮ, Ҳʧһ֧Ӷѣصĳе
ֻаѰ, £ɱӺĳ̶ȣһ˫˫ӵ۾ŻĽ
һγ, ǲȥģֻп˹ȥ
ڳǰһ컹Կ˹˵ܶƽʿͶľɱͶľͰҾðӦûʣ¼ˣǵץסС
ڰʥԺԺ΢еͷۡ
ʥԺһȨץסԺǵ˵ľ֧ţץֻƽֿץԺܿƽھз񷴿
ϾȨ֧ǿ
룬ûʲôð취ֻ˵ˣһһ˰ɡ
ԺֻССݻվǾͷö࣬УǾͻֻ츳ܡ
Ҵ°֮󣬳Ҳ׼ðʥԺ
ǿָǵ
˹Ҳû˵óµĻڣǲΣյģ̵ͷ˯
̿˯ˡ
⼸û˯ùҪ˹һߣ˯ɡ
˹ذοڳ˯
æ˵ҲȻҪоٶȡ
˹ػɵؿų̣
ǰȸĥòҲ̶á
˹̾˿ǲһȥ
Īôȥ
˹صĳ˲Ӻſɫǵذռ˳̵ߣգգۣһ£Сʣҷɹȥ𣿡
˹΢Цϲ
æȥ˫ֱס˹صĲӣ˵˿˹ϣ˷ܵ˵ϲ̫ϲˣ
Խ֮ǰȻɻûɡ
ɻûзɵĸо
֮ÿ춼ڳǱ˹ؾżܴһɣʱ;Ҳ̣ܶ˹¶ôҲҪɸʮʮӣ˫ð⣺ǵʱȥһ˯
˹أ
Ϊ£һ̺Ϳ˹ʲôûǽ˳òǣȻ̾˹صĻԷܿ硣
Ͼǰ˯ʱ̫٣컹Ҫȥ̶Ųסˣ޷ΪŶʧߡ
Ȼڶ̻Ҫʿ뿪֮ǰȥԱ
̨֣֮ⷽǰתȥʿ˹أӦ˵ʲô
˹أ˵˵ģ˵Ͳ˵
ǵһζô˵ȴǵһʽĳȥԱˣһԼ죬Щ㷲ʣҿ𣿡
˹ؿų̡
̴һϵĻɵģƷȻڳԴֲڣһվ£ν˶ڷ⡣
һֱڿ˹̶ǵһʱǸӡ
ʱ򣬿˹زŷ֣ѾˣѾ˷Σβ΢΢Ѿǳˣͷκ͵
ѾǸׯ԰ôӣóζʳСˡ
˹ĳ̵ļǴЦ᣺ȥɡ
һ̨̤ס
ʿվ̨£վžˣû˼ζô˫۾ų̣Ƕ֪ǵǴδ
ͷһμʿǶһ
ô
ǶԹ֪
ţ߹Ƥȳ˸ס
СɤӣȻĺʿǣǽҪ뿪˹¶ǰⲢΪ˱
˹¶ֻһǣǵĸĸֵܣˣǰˣҲǺ޵ˣһΪЩˣ
Խ˵Խȣȥǲȥɱ˵ģȥѱǿǿƵƽȳģǱǿɱΪ˱ˣ
Ҳ˶֪˹¶һ֧ǿľӣԸⱣеӢۣ
ЩҪռ˹¶ҪǲƲɱ˵ֹס
̣˹¶սʿ˹¶Ķƣ˹¶ĵУ˹¶δ
һ䣬̵ɤӶˣҪĶǸȡ
Ҽô󣬹ƺʿ
ڳ̲֪øʲôʱ̨µʿȴȻ˹¶սʿ
˹¶սʿ

̹ͦţ˵ﶼй⡣
Ѿ֪ԼڸʲôˣҲԼҵ
һУΪ˹¶ˣǲԵ˾𵶽Եʴȣȴ˷Ҳʴȡ
һǧ˵ľӳˣǺƺƵس
ӵİϣ̹ٺУǱ£û̸˵ʿӵĽŲ
ʱİ֪ʲô
ǱڵʤϢﻹԼ谮Ůˣǰƺˮߵ˶ǳͷǳŵõ˹¶ҪЩʲô
ŮҪţƯŮˣǵʿȱŮأ֮ǰǵЩòˡ
˵˹¶ò
˭˵ģҼǵ˹¶ͦصģҲôʡ
ҾͲ֪ˣȴǾ֪˹¶׳ʲô
԰ɣˣ
ϹЦʱ֪ˣü
Χߵ϶ĵЦЦִڰˣֻҪǿϵˣùԹԵȥ
ûб˶ȻͲ֪һʧܻḶʲôĴۡ
ԼϵŮȥȻŶЩ˵ȺϢ֪˭Ըһȥ˹¶
ЩæģˣԸһȥ
ˣĵˡ
˭֪ȥܵõ棬ȥĳ⣬󵽵ĺ
˹¶һ⣬Ǿ˹¶ԱߣȻ֪˹¶ӵʲôĲƸ
΢Ц֪Ƕҵҳϣܴ˲ࡣ
ҪЩΪ˱Ķɹ
ֻԼλϣõ棬ǱЩ˹Ϸ֡
һȺ˶䷢ıĵʱ򣬺Ȼ˴˽
ͷ󺹣һ֣ܵͣ½Ų֮ɴòС
ˣˣ
¶ϲɫŵ˻ˣ
ûԤԼ䡣
ŵ˿ɥƵغ˹¶˹¶˹ˣ


143 
а˹ò, Χ, ôӢ
һͷ𷢣Щ, һ˫տ۾ΪòƤ԰, ֻڣͷǺ, 촽΢΢, ץǰǣ־
˵ʲô˹űŵˡ
Ҳں, ˫ûֹͣ˹¶ľӡϾҪˡ
˹û˵ԱߵѾһš
˹¶ľˣ
ߣҪϳǣ
Ͼߣ
ûһ˹Ǹոջƨİ˹
˹ŭҪĶȥ
Ȼŭߵ˶ûлشǷֵܳԭûеٶȣһ¾ͳȡ
ոڰ˹ϵŮ˶ܡ
ҲܣңСʣˣǡ
˹ҧҲ, ɳһǧ˵ľӣ˹¶ս˹¶ټô, ϶ǿˣ϶㿴ˣǿ϶ǻŵˣ
һࣺˣǸǵ˴Ķһ
Щ˵·һɫ, Ȼͨ˴Ķǻ˵·ǵĲһǵǰһĨʺɫ
˹š
µŮ͵͵뿪ȴ˹ץסͷ
Ůͷͽ޹š
˹ĿҧгݵʣȥĶҲܣ
Ů˳¶һȿ޻ѿЦǵĴˣֻȥ
û˵ԼȥĶͱ˹ץͷݺݵİͷײڵϣһ˲䣬ͷѪѪڵϣŮ˵˫ڿץˡ
˹ŲʣظŸոյĶŮ˽ûҲûϢ
ֱŮ˲˹˦ͷվֱ塣
ߡ˹ҧھߣȥҾ˾ˡ
ֻʱѰóȥѣֻҪȥ˾˾˾һѰٶ˶˾һЩӡ
˿ոһ˲䣬ΪҪҲɱˡ
Ű˹һ뿪Ǳ
뿪ʱ򣬰˹ûлͷһۣںŮ˵
ʱĻıʯ
ʱһûõʯͷû˻ʯͷ
ǱǻûеõϢɸ˾ְڰ˹߹ʱͷֻǰ˹ĴҴңûиһ
ڰ˹˵˵˾Ҫˣǿܡ
ʲôҲû˵
Ҫˡ
ǵǣ˩ã˩֮ͷŰ˹
˹һۣԼǾͲڣԼҪź򣬱ѵζ˵ϳ
æжµ򻹲֪ʲô£˴ߵôҲûʱ룬ǡ
ǲߵ·һ
֮󣬰˹һµҪ
ΪԼս޲ʤϾ˹¶ǸûмʿĳȽǷǳǿģοʿϹսģսֻǴٹ·̶ӡ
û뵽˹¶ӮҲû뵽˹¶ӮԺȻ
ûԼ䡣
˹ȭͷﲼѪ˿룺Ҫ˹¶ۡ
ž˾˰ذԺٸ˾һ˹¶
Ȼǻɱ˹¶ʿռ˹¶ĲƸȻɱЩǵˣ˹¶Ůʹ͸ʿ
һĻ˹Ц
һľսţ֪ʲôֻǵһͻᷢ衣
ոհ˹ŪǸƽʱ谮ŮˣԼ˻ǸŮҪ
ǵʱԽ˹Խģܿ죬ܿܵ˾˵ˡ
Ͱȫˡ
ϧ
һιʼ˻ȻǰѸſ˵ϡ
ֵŷ磬Ϸȥ
һĵѡ
һյľ޴ǳͬҹѹѹϡ
ǰһƬڡ
ǲˡ
һҲҶ
Ǳһߵܣ鶼һ룬˵˵ϣ֪װ˹ȥ
İ˹Ҳһ
ʲôʱôķˣ
˴˳ţ˫Ÿովͺһ
ǰһħ
ħڵ۾ͷмǣĽźֶ˵еצֱϻйǴ̺Ƭ˫ڣڿ貿𽥱ף˿־ǣħһڵģڵĳ
ǶԳ̫󣬴סǰеĹ⡣
һƬհףûзӦʱѾȥֲĿ־壬˵һ֣Ҳ̧ͷȥԷ
ǲܺħġ
ôˣ̴ӿ˹صı߳
ר˸е룬û˵ĵطġ
ԭ˹뱧ɣѾ˹رܶΣǿҪҪ˹رɣǸսʱڿ˹صֱ˹صĳţû˿
Ȼˣ˹ҲͲܱδ·ǲ⣬Ԩ֮µʱħ嶼û·Ѿ֪Ŀ˹֪аµˣǲڱǰ̻¶ġ
ûȵ˻˵İ˹̲ס
³ĵһۣ˹ԱߵˣʻһתͷͿ˿˹ء
˹һƨ˵ϡ
ĵӱ˴һ㣬Ҳһ㣬ؿſ˹أվڿ˹Աߵĳ̡
ڳ̲סҪʵʱ򣬰˹Ȼվֱ壬ǿſ־峬ǰ֪ôˣӲ̬ҪսһһıС
üͷ壬ߵ˹ǰŴԱţǰ˹Ӿǰ
˹û˵
˹˵֪ʥصħ˵Ϊʳ
˹˱۾һڳȫ˵Ըõһʽס
˹أ
̣
˹أ˵
˹ҧݺݵ˵Ұ׸㣬Ҫõ˹¶Ҫ˹¶ܵͷҪ֮أ
һҪΪ
˹ŴʵҵԸ԰ɣ
ħܵģֻʥƲʥ顭
˹ϾҪʿȥʥ飡
ԸħֻҪħʵԸ
˹ڰ˹˵ᵽ˹¶ʱ׼ˣǳۼֿץס˿˹صĸ첲Ȼ˹صļ⡣
Ҫ˵ץ첲ҲеѶȣϾ˹صֱйǴ̣̻ǴӹǴ̵ķ϶ץȥġ
ɤӣʵ֪˹¶ʲô𣿡
˹Ϊħץˣ̬ȸ߰˵֪ˣҲ֪֡
̣˹¶г̡
̰Լֵ˵ĺأð˹
Ȼ޹ĳ˹գգ۾Ҿͽ̡
лҪ˵̣ԲۣϷһ࣡


144 
û뵽˸ĵص㶼
ԼرԵˡ
˹ȻҲû뵽˿վħߵ˾Ȼ˹¶һ, ϵı˲Ĺ±˻ֺ̿;¡
ǼסԼ, ȫڷȴ˵ţܸһܸ㣡
˹ǿԼȥ˹ص۾ҡҾ˾иǿľ, ӣֻҪ㡢㡭
̣Ȼ֪İ취, һǵøһпʵҲͽ, Ҳûг깩, İˡ
˹ɴ˫ۣΪԼĶ⡣
һ, ħΪ˰£
ͷҲɱ㡣
̿˹أð˹¶
˹ûס̣΢΢ɿһ磬֮ͣ󣬰˹ڵʵɺˣŹһԵҲһ
̺Ϳ˹ضֻܰŪѣسǡ
ΨΨŵŵԼλ, սľļתͷ
ڣҲոӭ˹¶ľӡ
˷Ӵ, Щ޴ܣֻڼһһ
ֵϵˤ, ޺ˡ
˹¶ľӻûдȥѾһţܱˡ
ϣתͷվһԵĸȺªУȴԶӣԶǰƽУǰĿ̫ԣҲתͷһۡ
ȻƿĿ⡣
˵ʵڵģۿٴΣ̫ҿԷ̫á
ʵǳ̫ɫ
Сʰô죿
ֻڳ⣬ҲĿ
ֱӽǣƽùܣȥʥԺԺץס
ֵͷȻСȥ
ΪƽʱóԺúȣÿ춼ҪϿѵʿǺûг뷨
֮սʤ߻ٵһΪսᡣ
ٵҪ꣬ʮʱָԪ
ƽ͸һǼӴܣ˵ڵϣ˱ƵƿʲôûоѾҵĲˡ
ͱ˹ĹӻĲˣǵС۱ѹҷѾѱֻʵԲݡ
ҲЩˣĿᶨı·һ·ǰʥԺһ·ǰǱ
ΪʥԺͳǱĽƽסĸߣ׳ۣҪͼƾ۾ҵ
һ·֮ûһ˳ǣǲӿǹڵϡ
ʿǿЩƽʮָӡ
ʱǸЩûʲô
ǵϥģһ紵ݶǹȥ
ʿǸŽ죬߽ʥԺ
˹¶ʥԺѾ൱ڹˣԺټˣʥʹʥ̳ȥ⣬Ҳȥطһкܶʥһݵػƽݡ
ʥԺȻ޷һ죬ҲҪԺİסԼĵλͳΣϾʥԺǿҪĻľλҲֻܱ뿪ԭͳεĳС
ʥԺһˣ֪Ѿˣҵطˡ
ʥԺĶһţᣬֻʥĵάǸ̬עˡ
Ķһãøǵģ˻ǵġڣˡ
ʿнֹʼֳСʥԺѰ˵ټ
¥ǰÿŶ򿪣ȴûҵӰ
ûбѹĵطֻʥԺĻ԰
⻨԰ĺܺãӦ԰޽ûзŹκһ䣬ڻ԰ı߽ҵ˱֦Ҷصĵؽڡ
ԼΪҲæܣӰصʵڲô
ֵͷʿ˿˵ؽѵڡ
һƾɵķľţҲƿ˵̫ɣʿЩ˼顣
ӵؽѵȥһֱŲ˵죬ɪɪǿ־ĿϷֻץ˵·
ڣһ˻վ˳
Щ֣ƲϺÿҲûһͷɫƯͷͨƽΪ֣ûƣ˿ʵ䣬ÿһ˾ȥ°ڣͣ¡
ֻЦŶ˵£ʥĹҫǣٲ̵˶Թʥ֣ʥӻˡ
ǵͷʵĵͿš
վ̨ףߵǰûһ˿η壺Ժ³ˡ
ЦЦԺˡ
³ƽĿŰֻһ˲ߵĺӡ
ȥ˹¶һˡ΢΢صζʮ㣬ֻﲢûжȨη;⡣
ʱʥûо
ôڿʱʥҲûоǡ
ʥͽЩ̷ʥҲǿʥͷȨˡ
³ûоܾҿߣҵЩ١
ѯʰ
õģɿʥԺֻʱܳŶѡ
³˵ͷǾͺãǸһҲʥʥ鲻Ҫɱ
΢ͷȻÿ·ʿǰѲ³˴ߡ
³˵˴˿̻̣Ҳ֪ǵ˭ܼһҪȰ
תʣȰʲô
³̾ϢĶɱնģľǰѿѣֶð͹ȥݸл
ѵҧһڣҲҪȥҧֻ𣿡
ʱһԵʿȻһ䣺ҿԴ򹷵ˡ
ʿǺȻЦ
³̾˿ź˵ʿһӵпػܽ񡣡
һֱĬ˵ĸǵʥ鲻Ҳû𣿡
˻һ˶졣
ʥҲܽеĶΪʲôħҪԨ֮£
³ˣħ壬ħ𣿡
Цһأ
³Ŵ˵ҲľЩ˿ɵģ֤ħĴڡ
㣬Ϊʲôū壿
Ϊʲôȣؾ˺ţͷֻܳ䵱ߣһ̤أ
³˲˵ˡ
ֻǿŸһ̲㿴ȥתͷסˡ
ּ⣬壬ֻܸߡ
ǵһУʴϡ
񣬲η񣬾Ѱ·
ֿ죬¶һЦҪأ
³˲ɽ񲻻ֻ˻
ڰɱɾǲҲ֤ǵҲּ⣿ʴҫˣЩ޼ҿɹˣЩȱˣЩȾ϶ֻܵˣǷҲʴҫ
³ɿŸһԣȻȥ񡣡
һȴ˵˽˵սľΪ֮һĻ
أ
лҪ˵û뵽ɣҲǸݸ˼ң


145 
³˿Ÿ˱, Ǹؽȵ, ûټ˵ҡҡͷ, Ÿ̾˿һﱥ, վһԵİ鲻ԽĴ˸ս
±ӣҲܲʥԺԺ
³˸ʿ뿪, ؽʣµǰ, ѱţǵֱ˩, Ȼǣߡ
ӣǽһֱʥԺֱƽǣҪǡ
һ˴ʥԺ˸һ뿪
һߣ̺Ϳ˹ѾŰ˹ˣ˹ڻţ̵Ǳʱ, ǱѾʿǿɪɪ, ɵȣȫڵϣͷ, ǣ֣ǽһ
һ·ȥǱ˹¶û̫
ֻǱ˹¶ĳǱɣȻʷҪƾһЩеĵطµģǺĽġ
⣬Ǳﻹкܶల˹ˡ
Щ˱˿棬ʱͷҲˣ·ҲˣǱ
һŮʬã廹ûȫӲϵѪҲѾˣֻеϸɺԵѪչʾܵʹࡣ
ôģȺһߵˡ
ǲ˵εһ飺ôģ˵˭˵Ҿͷ˭뿪
˸˵ˣһŮվС˵ǡˡ
ʱվϣԶԶĿһĻҲŮ͵ҹȥˣҲ˵Щ˵
̿ۿ˹ء
˹ޱ顣
ԭ̻ţ˹ǽܹʶֻˣɱ˲ɻ
˹ŭ˶ɱĻôȻûʲôá
ǸŮͣ˹ɱ𣿡
˵ʵ
ˡƢáŮ͵ͷȥ̵ҿ̵۾˿ĭսľ˵
̣ɱ˶٣
ŮСˣÿ꣬ϰٸ
ʵ˹ɱԼˣɱū˰ūҽȻ˸һȥɱūԴȡ֣Զɱūˡ
ūƽʥԺż˿ڵʱ򲻻ū˿ڵС
˾ˣû˻˶ūҲ˸ֹ
̵ɫ𽥱ˣոջƽ͵һںȻ
̰ɡ̿ſ˹أô
˹Ȼû޷ūǸͬܣҲ֪޷ܰ˹˵ԡ
ովŮŵɪɪ֪˵˭
֣ʿóһ·ȹڣ˹ȥ
ʣµĿ۵ؿ
ʿʣµ˷ſǿѡ뿪ǱҲԼҲǿǹɱ˺ٵġ
ûһҶ
̣ǲǣ߾ߣ߾¡
˹¶Ҳƭˡ
˶ˣֻҪһʣµĻĽŲ
˼߹ˣʣµһЩǰ˹ˡ
Ůռ˺٣˺Ůһһҵģɼ˹Ŀζһֱûб仯
εΪʲôߣ
Ů˶߶µ˵ˣǶˣûмҵġ
ǶǱ͸˹ģЩǱƭģЩǱģǸ֪ؼҵ·ҲûеͼԼסĳһƬط֪
ûйȥƺҲûн
Ǻôмˣȥĵط
뿪Ǳ֮Ҳ
̣
Ⱥôţ
̾˿ʶ𣿡
ʶֵľ֡
һ˾֡
̣Ǵȥϱϱǰסĵط͹
ιǰϱ˹ģϹܼô˻ҪͷʼһУȻˣĹԹоϱͳ˲ѡ
ʿж
ʣµġ
̣ǾɨǱɡ
ʣµ˿ûϳȥͺãᱻɱͺá
Ҳôһΰ־
һãżһģһ
ܵС˵ˣǰǰ˹˵ġ
̵ͷţˣ֪
˵ҲԷ
̣
˹Цһ
æڿ˹ضǰץס˿˹ص֣ԼⱲѿ˹סˡ
ҲϲֻԼһ·
һϤ·
Ҳ̬ҪôɨǱҪôȥ𣿡
æͷ¹ȥ
ʤȡʧߵսƷǳ¡
˹أǳȥ
̣
̸ʿ˸ʿæϳȥǸæ뿪
¿˹û̫ſסĿ˹ء
ܳȥ֮󣬿˹صźôһ㡣
̰ѿ˹һߣȻס˹صǾôһ˵Ҳ֪ǰǸŰ˹ģôֻ֪һֻǵ淽ʽҷʲô
ˣòãҪǻҧһڡ̰ȥȻֱ쵽˹صǰ
˹ô¶ȣҧʲô
̣й㿴֣װ۵ģһôһУȻⲻܶ࣬ҧڸп϶ܲ
˹εЦЦˣˣȥ°ɡ
ţڿ˹صĴӡһǣ֪ã
Ȼ̾Ϳ˴˹İ
ȥ⣬ж˳ǡʿǰǺǵģٿ࣬ȻÿҲҪ֪жˡ
æͷķԸˡ
̼˵ֹ壬ҲҪϣ𣿡
ЩãЩū𣿡
ūҲЩףûôƣ벻׵ģֱʳ˿ڡ
̣ū𣿡
ǡ𣿡
̾ʿ˼ԼһǺģ
ҲΪ˹¶ūûбŵԭ
ڿԻѿȰһܰȥȥȰˡ
ߵ´֮󣬻Ҫūǽˡ
ūҲͶսܰǵƷ
̣ȥɣūҲϣ𣿡
ˡ
Ȼʹһӵɻ뿪ˡ
Ҫǰѳȶ
ԴıҪ档
̰Ѿͽ鰲ź֮󣬾ʹſ˹ڳǱ䡣
ʵǱҲ̺Ϳ˹վڴ̨
˹أ
ҡҡͷ˹¶ҪҰ°źãҸŵù˿֮󣬻Ҫ˹¶
˹û
̾˿һϸĺۡ
изչֳҵδʳбˣҲƽԲˡ


146 
ȫ࣬ǸƯŮ, , Ҳ˺࣬ҵ˵㰲ȫ, ˹¶ľѾˣʼӳ, ûгܹǣĳ˹¶, ܲӵϼȥɣ
ߵ, һתȦʿûⶪƽʬԺ, Сػ˰
ӼĳȡһЩ׼Ҹεĵط
ĸҲǰǿŵһԱú磬ڹ˹¶սϣúܿЦ
һȥˣĸױһһγȥͷС˵ظܿʧȥ
ǸͷСӲǹ, ҲǸˣС, ֮ҹĵǰһЩʳıߣҵķš
Ŷ˼, Ż뿪
ҲΪűץס
޶ԷйİѶӳȥȻţҲҪ㶫Ұְֻ
˵ڣû˰ְ֣һú裬һڻҪġ
ֻܳĬţȷԺͳȥʳûؼҡ
óѾǼĴˡ
Сת˼ȦʵҲĵطֻܻȥһɽûѳԣǸͷСӸǵġ
ԴԺ󣬰ȥǿ͸ҲǮĹŮˣ˻ȥȻǸٶҲֻܵõһڵʳʳ
Ů˵ļͥڰĺܼѣֻײ
ԣ˿̲ȥæȥõıȥŪˮ
׵üѵֻٵһ㡣
ǶڼҿҲ򿪴ķ϶ͷˡ
˶ţڽ߶ʿЩʿͰصǿŲһи߰ݣûΣҲûݵǷһͻᵹ
һˣҪ취ҳԵģ֪Ҫڼãܲܶ
裬ҳȥһˡȻĨϣǾòȫϸǰĿ·ȻͷסԴȻżС̤š
Ͻֵһ̣æҿûзΧʿĺۼųֵ׼ȥǱߵ￴ܲҵʲôܳԵĶ
ֻ֣ۿĿĵؾǰʱһ˺Ȼǰ
ŵüˡ
Ӹ׵սĹ£ʤһɱӡ
ʱ򻹺ʣְ֣ǴУǲеΪʲôҪɱˣҪٵУ
ЦŻشΪҪֹ˱𰡣Ҫֹ֮ᷴǡ
ʿҲҪõôʿ̣ҪôְɣȻˣʿԼȥͺˡ
ҲͬģȥĻƴ̣㶫ؼңҲǰƴ𣿡
ֻͨʿǹ壬ҲʿܿңҲòپá
ֻдʤ̣ǲһʴģжջ񣬲Ȼ͵ӱˡ
ʱֻ£ֻǾùµڿ£ڣڹУվʧһλϡ
ʿԣǳȺӣҪ˺ĥ
һҲôϣһԼܱһʯͷ
˵źȻס˲ȫҰ
ֵŮûʲôֻ̽˵ڳǼûԵ˰ɣ
䵭Ǹսӣƴ֤ԼŮ˺˶ûȤ׼ȷ˵ûһ
˵ɪɪ촽԰ףȭͷա
ȥǱǣǱͷĿյ˷ʳûȥȥܶõ㡣
˿ĭţϣԼţϣǰʿ˵滰ѹɤ˵桢𣿡
ƭǻҪѲǣϽֵ٣ԼȥɣҾͲ˻ˣУ湻ġ

ʿ˵ˡ
ʿҲûκתͷߡ
ÿǼˣٺÿ˶û˺ÿ
οŮ˻һʵûҪ
ʿߺ󣬲˿վڽֵм䣬֪ԼӦȥʿ˵ȥǱǰĿյϡ
ȥǱǸأ
ǡ
ʿ˵أ
쵽ʳ˿ĭ
ѾߵˣٲңܲҵĶȥ
ȭͷЩʲôֱֱرǱ
ĽֵտյÿÿŴգǽߣԽԽ죬쵽Ǳʱ
֪Լ˶ãƺֻһƺ˺ܳʱ䡣
ȷʵ˳Ǳǰյ֧ӣǶѳɼʳǲǻûƤСô࣬ӲӵģֱǹеСɽ
Ǻܺ£ͷӣȻվǰ
һӺ˵ͷʲô֣סĶģＸˣ
һԼȻѶԷʵⶼϸش
ȻȥԱһ鲼ӣ˸Ƿֱܴʵװʳ
ҹȥֱô࣡ôʳô
ֱ˰װʳĲӵݸŸоʵ
˻˵õö𣿡
ӿ˾޴ˣõĶлл㡣
ˣлҸҪллɣǰ浹ù֮ǰߵʱΪˣûˣҲԽԽˣڸ˭֪˹¶Ǯһǿ׳ʿ򡣡
ԭʳߣûڶԷϸܵһ⣬Сʣ˹¶ˣúܺ𣿡
ˣȻãǵļ춼أһרʳڻҪһרẉ̂ԣҵ֣Ժ˶ȥһʲôĶУð
˿ĭ˹¶ˣ𣿡
Ҳֻ̣Ǯүǻȥǰԣʱ򣬲İְֻйǮʱǼҲûнӣֻܵżпʱȥ˵Ķ
ʣŮܲҵҲŮ˿Ǯ
ʣκ֪ǼֻʣŮˡ
ôãҲûиκ˸׵Ѷֻ˵ȥݽʳˡ
˿һֱվûʹߵؼң
뵽ڶӵãæѲӿڼϣװĿʳʳǲصģɵĳҵķȥ
ܵʱҵҪҪǻȥ
˹¶ܹӣǲǴҲԣ
ǲǴֻǼȥܿԼ˫֣Լ


147 
һ³ǾζŽһʱ̵ø޴ľҪæƶ, Ҫ취ƽ, Ҫһǵʳù߳, ¿ʼ罻ͬʱҪһɡ
ľ, нһߣкܶշӺͿյء
Ҳ˰ĵͼ, ·ֻм, Сû˹¶࣬ԭķչͲô, շӺͿյضܶࡣ
˿ͳƵôˣϱ
п˹վڳߣϱֵܻ㣬ڳʻϱͱһı飺Ȼг룬Ӧǧǧˡ
̣ôˣ
ô˼˵ԼǸǣ
̸벻˹¶Ҳûˡ
ϱһˣͺܲˣĺܶС, ǧ˶ûС
۾һܰеŪ𣿡
ϱ۳̵۾ȻߵĵͷǡӦÿ, ǵ϶ˣֻҪЩ͵͵һҧûϵ, Щǵ϶ӲӲ
ϱóԴСҾûе¸
׼ȷ˵ڵ˶ûʲô¸УǶԵҲûҪ
ֻеǳԱ㣬󣬲Żи߲㼶׷
Ҫ˰Ժܶ˲飬Ū˺ӣֻܰѺӶˣļؼң˵ǼģȻҪһǮ
ʱˣҲղĬ
ˣŮϵǳңܶڵײĺӣֻ֪ĸ֪丸ū࣬ūҲ֪Լĸ˭
̣аɣȸһɣѽֳĵطȦ
ϱæӦС
ϱˣ̲ŶԿ˹˵ϱʵŻͦ˳ֵġ
ֻҪĻǾʮܸɣ֪ʲôʲô
֮ǰ̾ϱǸɽϱ۵ʱҲĻ棬ǳ˽ָҲøϱƤ˭뵽ϱֹԼС⣬ʥǶ̣껹ҪʥǵʥԺԼϹ
˹¶ʥҲ˺͹ϵ
ܶϢڵһʱõ
ҲĵƣҪǳٲضѵƱ¶̸⡣
˵˹¶ǰλӣϱĹ͡
˹زÿɷ񣺡ͺá
Գʲôˣ˹شܣЩΨһҪ󣬾ǶԳģ̵Ļ
̣ҾѼȽϺãҪͣ죬ҲԣץҰû飬ţҲãֻ⸽ĲݲʺţȻţõѡ񡣡
Ȼˣôڽʱ򣬻ҪͬʱȥũЩ
Ϊһũ϶ȫṩҪȥһЩط
ũ򣬿ɳ̲׼ð򣬱ǾëҪţҪأ׼ǼֳԽܶ˵Ĺλ
ȻҪֳҪҪ˵˹صУɢԱصķҲľ巿ʯͷӶ࣬ʯͷǼҼһľ巿ֻҪҵ˰æʱȥľͽ
Ȼ©꣬η粻磬ѩױѹ壬ôǸ֮
Ϊ̲˰ƽӼֱӾôƽ߳ţͳ⣬ƽǵС¾ͻ
Ϊǳ̵ĽϱͺܲİƸ
ڰ͸һڷ˴۶СۣԶԷŨŨʡԷɵôöû
ô죿һҼţ˵ǲɱǣǣǹǮ𣿡
֣Ҳûиõİ취ϱϼһ
ֲܾܾϱидʣʲôԼָӲʿԼҲæҪѳټ
˻һֻۣɵ취
Ȼ˶취ɵÿЦ˵
ʿҲӵ񣬵ڶ컹ûǾͷֺ˽ӵʼҰš
ЩǿշЩסˣҪ˵ķͷס˲ڲ˵װʿֱֲŶ룬ֻţԺҪǲӦǾͳ󺰡
ȻҲˣʿܶ࣬Ͼô໧˼ңôӡ
ʳؼңżҲڳһߣȥˮˮؼңʿûҲû˰ҹҵţĸײûЩʿϣûʲôޡ
Ϊ쵽ʳ˹¶˻һЩøС
űʱ򣬲ڼȥȥڳǱʰҲˣûаСȥƤǾŶӺˮɺһڳԵ㡣
Ŵһ죬̽Դվſڵˡ
е죬֮ǰ·ס˵Ǳ쵽ʳˡ
̫ͷ˴򽻵˳ͺܲʣһ
۾ˣҪҪң
ڳĵĵǵǼǡ
ʲôǵǼǣ
ô֪

¡
Ȼͺ뿪˲ſڡ
ţʱ⣬˲õЦݡ
֪˹¶һֱʲôʱ򣬳ôˣٶʳҲֲ˶ãйͲһˣԼʳ
ú裡ϾҵˣְֲڣҲҡ
Ȼô˵ĴԼֻвˣƽûʲôӦǶ˹¶ûһΣܶ㻹Ƕá
ʿǰҰŵʱ򣬳̸ո𴲣û˯ãԭΪԼǲϴģסôһʱ䣬̻ûϰĴ
̫Ӳˡ
Ͼ͵żƤʱûϣҲʰģʲôĶ׼˵ģǴûϣ̲רŻȥô
ôǸֵഺ껪ĳˣܻ̹ġ
ʱ򣬳̾ˣ˫ֱſ˹صڴϲ
ֱ˹ضɲסˣ̲
۾ܵ۰
˵һجΡ
벻ľǸʲôΣֻǵܻţܺ£˯Ŵϣ;һΡ
˹ʮΣ˵ˣһȥһˣѴ
̣вУôᣬС飬඼㲻ҶܲˣԺܸʲô
˹أʲôϵԺ׼ʲôࣿ
̣ô˵ģԵÿп෽Ϊˡ
˹أ˭ô벻
̣
̾˿˼У˵һС඼ԲˣҪԺͷҸô죿Ҿ͸ܲˡ
˹ػû̵߼üʣͲܲԿ𣿷ǵóԿࣿ
̣
˹أ
̣Ǿͣһˣ
˹̵ͷ͹ˡ
ᡣ
Ҫһ㶹Ҳһǿ˹عߵġ


148 
Ǽǵ죬߳ŵ˺, 峿̫ɽ, ֻǼһٶˣһٶ˻ȷʵûʳ, Ҫˣҵӻ, Ǿͻ˼ңԺҪ, Ԥ֧˹Ǯʳ
ҲûԸҪǮ, ǮҲ򲻵ʳ
ؼҵĳʳ֧
˵Ҳׯ԰˻, ˵ǲׯ԰ĺãǲһ𣬷ܲ⻹˿ֵģõؾǰߵϺãȻŽţͷװ
˵ѾˣȻæµΪǮ, ǵҲ˸׷ڼҼһſںʹ̨Ұ, ʱ˵£˿Ҳʱסĵط, ˰Ź
ʱ䳤ˣҲ˵˹С
Թ˸ϧ֮׵Ҹټ˵µ˿ڼ򵥣ֻҪԸ⹤ͲӣȻͲߡ
ˣװˣмʮֵƤվ˿ԱߣЩ죬ҲҪȥͻģǰûᣬò˻ᣬȥˣôܲĳ
Ѿܾûлˣ˵ûһ
˵µڴ󲿷ֶǴׯ԰ģǳ̵ĵϵһֻг̡
ڹǵ˿ֻгһǵ
˿Цȥɣ֪ȲˣҪ˿ãߣͲûˣӴúñ֡
¶һЦ֪ˣúչԼ
˿ӣ֪
Ⱥһֱ׷а˽˻飬ѾˣΪиݣǶӹƴӡ
˶ǷǳӵģҾʮʥ
Ůʱа˶Χߣͺף
ҲдͳŮ˻ڼ䣬ԲǶԷٲҪҲᾡӡ
˿뿪ڳǱߣķȵľͷΪ̵ֹķ䶼ţÿ춼ȥɨ˵¾һְҵǹӶƣơ
ǿ˿׽˵Сĵ㡣
˿Ц֪
ֻǾеģǻ˺Ժ֪ٽˣѾ˻飬Ͳܻصȥ˿վڴ̨ȥʱ¹ˣǻԼȥݺ;ƹݳԵ㶫ȵСơ
˺͵ؾţͷǺЦرϲȹƣÿĹǮһ붼ǻڹϵģŮҲƣֻŻھƹȣСԼһȥǱƬݵأһ߿ҹһߺСơ
ǻǮЩ¾Ƴԣʮʡ
ҲԼᣬڽ鲻ý˰˫ԸĻþֻٰҪǸǣȻסһǰΧھ֤Ϳˡ
ΪӣҲ˭˭Ͱ˽ģؾҲ٣ֻţͷˣǵ
ΨһһţͷסһģеģѪ
Ͷٺ͸ȻСˣͶǳש°ҪȰͶһ𣬾ͻȻؼôʱȥɵҲ˺ܶ࣬˻һСӡ
ʱ仹׼һ¶
ͶǾù¶ӣΪţͷ˱˳ʦ㲻ףҲһǻ޴С
ҶˣǸرԡͶٺ͸ɶˣȻŮְôŮӣϴô죿ӴôŮ˲е⣿
ɵͷͷһţΪͶڶйˣţͷ˺ÿöࡣ
ɳͶЦЦرᡣ
Ͷ٣ЦһȥӣҪҲÿԣ֮ǾͰ
ɸˣҰ·ˡ
ɱֱţõ˿ڣͶ·ҲˣȻĲÿҲʵǰͶٺϲڰͶϴĶǸɸ·
ϸ˵˯żңߴţͷڴϷȥ
ͶòУԹ㻹˯˯ˣ컹Ҫ
ɾ¹⿴ߵİͶ٣Ĳ֪ǺãҪмˣһа£кӣůĴ㹻ʳ
ɽıסͶ٣׾౿ţͷ˵ĻֻǱŰͶ٣۾ĬĬᡣ
ֻǸ͵ţͷˣţͷ˴ûйӣֻһڷԣ۸ٶĻҸú㡣
ڣ֪Ҹʲô
Ƕӱһ̵ҸǸ೤ģ޷ݵҸ
Ͷٸоɿˡ
ĸɵıȴû˵
ʱʲô˵
߾ͺˡ
ڵڶͳˣ˻õţͷ˲öװ˻˻˾Աߣ򿸻򱳵ô
ǻŵһǿһžܸԷ
Ҳûĸǿһһ·㰲ȫ
ҪҲöԷȥ˵¡
˵¶нӽǧˣһǳСĳǣҳҸкܸߣʲЩˣڶ˵¶ˣҳȥ˹¶⣬ѧ˹¶˵Ҳ˲ռļС
Ƥëģӻģ˵ģʳĶС
ЩûдҰĵˣ˵ĺܺã˲ٹλ
֯ЧҲܺã֯õĲõ·ޱһС뱻˵µߣһ붼ߡ
ʲôҲõģúøɻܰȹӵ˵Ѿαʵ
õһʳ²塣
걳ŵٿڳߣţͷ죺һǾ棬ôô󣿡
ţͷ˺˵ţͷġ
꣺Ҫôͺˡ
ţͷֻЦ
߰ͻЪһٿжȻһȥøõĿб滹ǽ𣬻رӣԼˮңһ߽һߺˮԺЪһЪһߣʳ֮·
˹¶˵»ҪԶһЩοҪһܵ
ǻҸƽĵطѻź֮ȼѣҪȼüΪȡůΪҰޡ
Ȼһ˯Ȼȣǰȫ
һз紵ݶ˶
꼤ĲУҹҲ˯ţţͷˣ𣿡
ţͷ˵ͷ
æ˵ʲô˵˵Ҹǳԡ
ţͷˣҪǡ
˵껹ױƵشԼŵĲͳӲǣԼС
Щй㻹˵ʲô
ţͷˣ˺ÿ
ۣȻء
ţͷЩã͡ÿ
꣺ûˣ
ţͷˣǣǻҪ˵ʲô
һˣ˯ɡ
ܼܿˣ
һҪߣ
ΪˣԸ⸶һС


149 
һһϵ˵˰ͶڳרȦһ, ˻ĹڽӺû֮ͱȥϢĵط, úõĳ˶ķȻϴ, ʵʵ˯һ
ôĶסڳǱϵƽȻҲ, ֻҴӴķ϶￴ȥֹﾹȻкܶū, ЩūȻñ޴ʵɻ
ڳǱ, 첻СŤ²òϢ
̺ۡߺ, ץסץסĻ
˹ؾӸµĿ⸽ûҩȥط
æס֣ߣ˯һͺˣ㲻ڣ˯š
˹صĿ˲̾˿ڣַڳ̵ĺ
̱۾, Űĸο˵ȰֳŪ, ԺѹСˡ
ǲ֪ô֡
ȱͶ
̺Ȼ۾ȻЩ˳ȥɣ
˹أʲôǹ棿
̣Ǹˣйֺýŵ˾ҵ, зԣ˹¶ҲԣǿԾͽط
˹ϵĶûͣЩȥ
ﶼʼƻˣ˵Ϸģħ϶С
˹ٻ̣Ҳ˵ħϷѡˣ
̣ˣܼҲһǳȥԡ
˹أôС
룺ļƻǵһ˹¶˵ɣҲ˲
̶˶һơ
ѵת泯ڿ˹ϣ˹ܸõĸĳһһٶ˵Ǽǣ˵ǼǾͺãֻҪˣܴڼˡ
ʵڲУֻܰҰˡ
ҲõֶΡ
ǱҪĲô
Ϲĵһ죬紩·ûдȹӣǸǰĿӣɻͷͷסˣͲõͷ̫û취ϴ
ǰһ죬Ͷĸ׺˵ҳŹˣڼҪŹغá
ͷ֪ȥɡ
Ҫ̫С趼ȥɻǾݹǮˡ
ҲԹǰְڵʱǰְңڰְֲˣֳˣҡ
صǼǵĹǶ½˹㳡ǶԤ֧˹Ǯʳ˼ٱ֮ò֮ǰྶͥٿɫƣˡ
Ƿ乤ǳ̴˹¶ˣԭֻǸͨƽ񣬵Ϊӽĺãͱ̽˴Ӽ˰ġܹʦ
λܹʦѼϼܣһٶˣûιȥŬɥһ˵ӽ쿪ʼǾҪֳˣǷεģҪҪҪһĳأҳͳ֮Ҫо룬벻̫
˵ͣԭҲܽŵĹǲˣЩ˯
ȹʦ˵ˣŴߵѾѺòϵĿյϣҪȦõطȻٴػ
ľͷʿͿõģڱ㹻ҲҪôѲǣһС־ͱָȥľˡ
ҲҪˮ͸ɲݻϣשҲ˹¶˹
ǵһϹôᣬǺܶ඼޲ӣ޲ЧΣܹǻġ
ӣôķӣȫûо顣
ܹʦԼҲû飬ֻܴȺһӲͷƤɡ
ҹ¹ÿ˶õһʳΪ֮ǰѾԤ֧˹ǮЩʳҪƽ̯ÿϡ
Ȼ٣ǶܿģϾܱûкãԤ֧ô࣬ǻҪ׸ɺܳʱ䣬Ļ֮ǰʳˣڻ֮ǰô죿ǰʱǶʡ֪ÿ춼쵽ʳϵЦݷĵĲá
ҲԼȥĲӰʳ˼ҡ
֮Ǽٷһˮˡ
ҪҸطţҸһȥɡסˣҪȥˣܰŮһ𻹣˺֮ܿܰǰʳ꣬ÿ컹
Ҳܺã˵˭æչ
ǰиھӣҸԱߵŵùھ񻹲ҳš
裺ҴСȥǺú˵˵ǲţҪԷİɣ
ÿ϶õʳࡣ
ˣȥʣʳʹһ㣬Ҫغã˿ˡ
Уҵһȥ
ЦãҲϣҪѼʳ
֮ǰںõĶ
˵߾ߣĸŮ˸һ˵ķš
˿ڱǼһҪ򵥣һ̴Сӣӵ͸òǰǻǺСѣһϷ׷֣ԴԺǵͱࡣ
˲Ӧţĸ׾裬ңɯ˿ء
˺üΣڻˣɯ˿˿һ˴Ӵ򿪵ŷＷȥ
Ȼŷ֣Ǹ̬̫̫ѾݵֻʣһƤˣǲƤϣ˿ëȻ
̫̫Ըᣬȥ¹غãȻŵȼһ͵ƣʲô𣿡
ɯ˿أҺͲҪȥܰһ˷ڼæźӡ
˵꣬ͼæóǸװʳСæ
̫̫˿ĭǸˣʱ˸ӣһȳˣ˼ģɷʳﶼͺӣͳ˹ѸûиļޣǴŶò׶Ӵˣֽ˻飬˺ӣһͷеС
ͬһ˫͸ɷ˶ӺͶϱ
Һûһӡ
δ⣬ҪһˣԸԼߡ
ԼŲסˣ׼Լʱɯ˿ˡ
̫̫ûоܾҪʳ
á̫̫Ӧˡ
ɯ˿صظ˿
һϹĹм˵ģҲһ׼ż˸ɻ
ڶ칤϶˲ˣõǼǺͿʼһĹ
ԽԽ࣬Ҳࡣ
ͺáһ˷ܵظ˹˵ֳúܿ죬¾ܽãʱλͿԿʼֳˣһյЧʱܱߵĳҪҵǺ;ƣҪҵ⡣
̺Ȼ˵˹ϣˡ
˹Щû˹¶ͰҰ
ֻûΪѿ˹أǾˣɺͼԡ
ǲˡ
ǵĲ⣬Ƿ⣬ȻҰ٣ױȼЩ֬
˹أȥɽ￴
̱ס˹ص°š
˹ЦЦҰۡ
˵ͱ˹ѹסˣ˹صָڳ̵ĴϣȻˡ
ָӳ̵촽£죺ǾȴҰ۵¡
˹صͳˣҲԸмˣţ
׼ĳ̣
ɫǻ裡Ҫˣ
лҪ˵̣
˹أ̡
̣


150 
ԽԽƽ߳ţĴ߶, ȻǿʿԺǻ·, ٲٰԼڼ
ֳĳҲÿ춼µĽ, ÿ춼ʳߣ˹¶˵Ҳŷ, ڰ˼УҲ˰ÿĹǮʳͭ, Ƕо, ֮齨̻ᣬͳһۡ
Ҳѧ, ûй̶һ۸񣬶ҪͬһƷ߲ܳһۣҲܳһۣ˿мɸĿռﰴƽԼ̿дõ飬ûʲô⣬ȸͨˡ
һЩϸ֦ĩڵ֮ӡ
Ҫð±л
ٵƽǾбͷ
һ˻ȫǼѼ, ţֻпͰ͵ͷû, ǹƽڳǱ߷ŵģڵӣǲ̫ܵġ
ƽӶС, ǸɻǮãԼǮȥӯԸûǸӡ
ȵǮûȥģȻҲô١
õֳʼˣԭĹȻҪϣѼԳӾУţвݾУȴǼѼϣһרӣȥ˳ӵĵأȻڻЩһ㶼гѣֳӶֱڷʯ̺õĵأҲûз϶ҪЩڳ﷢չ׳ǿɲһ¡
øɣԸĹǮչĻ࣬һʱ֮䱨ʮӻԾ
ʲôǶ˵ʱӶǳԹģڻһҲԲʲôζ
ȻҲ֪ϲôףӺʱһյЧ
Ҳ֪ôŪϡǰ˵ˮҲʣͷʲôˮܺοѼҲܵ
Ȼû취Ǿͽ˺ˣԺ춼ҪѼ򽻵ҵֵܰİ취
ʱ䵹ÿ춼ҰԣҰûм㣬ϾҰͷܣûʲô̫֬࣬ЩѾֻ̲Ҫ⣬Ǿģû廨ⲻҪ
ͷⶼûзŹͷ⳴һŴ˹ضúóԡ
ƻҪܲ졣̸˹ؼһͷ⣬Ȼ˵׼ȽϱҲı£ȥ˵£ûȥҲͦʱûȥˡ
˵ڲǳ̴󷽣ǳ̵ֺ;۱衣
̲˹¶Ǻ;ƣԽ࣬߾Խӣÿˣ˵ʹӶĹ
ȥ
ãͬʱҲܻٵá
ģԼġϵ
Ŵׯ԰ˡ
Ҳϣ˵ܳΪһͬׯ԰һԴ
ǲŵȣûūˣŬɻǻҸУϡ
˹أá
˵»ٵħ壬ЩħǸ𱣻˵°ȫģ˵»û˹¶ľӣֵС
˹Ҳȥ
ԭֻ׼ڰµģȻ˴꣬ͣ󶼱úˣҲˣҲѣҲãߵʱѴ󲿷˶˹¶ʿҲһС֡
һСʿ껻һΡ
涼ź֮󣬳ֻ̾õȵʱǰ˵£֮ǰ˳ʲġ
ʲӺùõֻҪ˵ӲǺ;ƣȻתȥ˹¶˹¶ˣҪ죬ͶһЩò۾ͺܿɹˣ˲˰˻˲ٹλ
ʲûʲô£ӹúܺãֶȻó⣬ڳҲúܺãȺޱȵ˹ٲȻֵܣҳɹУÿһѲǣŹȥֹҲӳǱ쵽룬Լû⡣
ӺããʲѿһŮ˽˻飬齨˼ͥ˻˼ӣӹɫĺӶСһԺѾĿڽаְˡ
ǰ£ΪǰӾһΡʲڳףڻǲֱӳ̵ҲңͿԼȣϵЦʮϣӻ׼˸
ʲ͵һƥ޲
ʲЩ˼ϲ֯Ҳչ˺ӣϾͻȥ֯֯
Ц˵Ǻ£Լܺá
ʲӺףһһҪ
ҵ֮ǰ˴ʥǸһŹ
ʲѹصشӻͳһšһƤֽ
Ȼ˫ֳʸ˳̡
ֽӹչƤֽ
ŵǰʺѣص㡣
ʥҺʥԺìѾȻˣҲ˵˺ʹ嶼վӣҪѡһϹͻᱻ߱ʳʥԣĳУڣƽѾûйˣҺʥԺɽһѹǵͷǵĿڴǮ
ƽҪǣʥǣȥͶеݡ
Ǹ߲ʥǵķΧ
ҪƽǮߵģᱻץסϴһա
ϴԺҪ˶ʥǡ
һ˾ֻȥˡ
˵˶³ʥǵƽҲֻܼʥǴš
˵ãĳλεˣڵõԺԳǣϾʥҲҪʵġ
ʲŵĩβʲܲ취Ū飬ʥǴȥˡ
ʲһûиţھŹȥҲյˡ
ʲַϥϣˣʥڶˣǴǱȻ£ǲҪ׼
ʲ̵£֪һеЩС˾ͲùˣʧܶС£ò׻ĲƲûҲˡ
οҲ֪ʥԺʱ϶ҪʥԺģʥԺóѹʳץ˵ѵ̻˵
̽һ̵̽Ŀڷ磬׼ʵʵʥԺĻͱˡ
ʲôҪοкӣһҶϣߴһ·
̵ͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ʵ⼸ʥԺӰС˺̰ܶ࣬ǵʥԺÿ껹ǻʳʥԺ͹ȥʳٵĿ˵ˣ޿⼸ֺʥԺҲ˵ʲô
ҳѾʥԺˣʳˡ
浽˸ʥԺʱһ䡣
ڵѾֻһׯ԰ʱͬ
ֻׯ԰ʱΨʥԺ鷳ׯ԰ֻô˿ھô࣬ܶԷΣ϶ǳԿġ
̺˿ˮʲЦЦģѹɡ
ҶʥԺģʥԺ֪ġ۾΢䡣
ʥԺʥ飬ʵͽƽϣ˵Բԣ
ʲͣܿγѣͷǵģˡ
֪Ϊʲôô˿̵ĳ̣ǰʶͬһˡ
죬Ҳ¡
һͷ׻ȲһԼצ


151 
̸˹ڰĽͷʱĽϲûʲô, Ƕڸɻ, Դ˹֮ÿ춼Ҫɨֳ׼, һֻѼ״̬ãҪץ, ΨֳִģļÿЩҪ, ˳, ׼ģ, Ȼû̫Ȥ
ʱ򻹻мѼ͵ﵽϣҪĿ֮£Ҳû˸ץؼҳ⣬ץסָͻֳ
Ҫû˷ֻ֣ѼʻΪһٴͣץס˳Խ
̸˹غܿߵУļû˹¶ȫܶණû, ǲٵģÿ̯λĻڽ
Ҳҹ, ܻӭǲУǮ˸ƻʳҪľһ·
вֻ, £Щ¶Ǵ˵ģֽʵ־ĥԺܻӭ
Ҳʱŷ֣ʵŮ˶·ûǸѧߣرԷƵĿ϶ҲܴߵҲã׳
˳֮󣬲ƥͲ̫ˡ
Ҳ⣬ȥĲͻ˵£˵µټӹĳɳ£˻һܼ
áڸһλ˽½һɫ࣬Ҳĥȥ﹤ʱãϴٴҲƶ
ȻǮ̫ģ˶ǮԺЩʣи˵𣿡
ƻǹŲõЦ㿴ûǸʵһ϶û⣬ĥ˻ǸСӴ
Ǽ·Ǯ
ƣʮöͭҡ
ͳװͭҵĲɡ
ƣãҪװ𣿡
ҪǮģæ֣òãֱûȥ
ƲһЦúã´´θˡ
Ѿϰ˻ǵ飬ЦЦȻŵõ·ˡ
Դӳ˹¶ʹùƺҲѸٵսģʽŪɣһһٸͭңܵõͭҵĽʹǰôĻƴߺȣΪõɣÿ춼ҪɤӺơ
ǵҲǺܿɹۣÿҲõһٸͭңʱȻн
ǰһ˱˵ĳ£תͷһ绹㸻̬һñӵ߹ȥʣ޲ĳ𣿡
ֶЦУǼҵȾɫֶֺã
ư쵽ԱߣǱ߹ҵȫʳ¡
˷˷ȡһɫ·ںƯʵ·źôӲҷƵҲãͷ·Ȼһ壬ƴӡ
Ǯʻơ
Ц˵ʮ˸ͭңҪҪҾͰͷĨˣʮͭҡ
һ⣬Ц۾¶˿
ˣٿġ
ҲҸţҪת˾ûãȡˡ
ף̲ס˵ǰҲ̫һˡ
Ҳģǰˣ
ҡҡͷǴӰҮġ
Ү·̣̫Ҳ̫Զ
ƣҮǸõط˵غãÿСԶԲꡣ
̾˿Ҳǰˡ
ƺ⣬˵ˣҾͲȥҿˣôӰװɡ
һ鲼Ҫöͭңڵ˵ʮְ󣬵ԲǮ˵ͱ˵ĵڰ׸
һ⣬̬õİ·ãװȻݸˡ
ӻ֣˽ӹ֮ϸ˿û뵽װĴӶôãȻʣ𣿡
ƣڰӣ
˵ͷұ׼ȥ˹¶ӵģھðҲԭҾ͵˹¶̫̫࣬ӡ
ƣܶշӣҪ򷿣ȥǱԱߵǶſӵķȥȥ򷿣öҾͦõķˣҪǮ࣬öңķӳ˳Ǳ
ˣӵķǡ
ƣ˵ĹԱڹܣǵطзܾ֣Ҫͨǣ˽ǲϵģʱܰѷջȥֻǷܾҪ˰ǲࡣ
ҪǰȫԺҪС͵ңٶǮֶܾҪģǰǮ
Щԥģ
ƣǰǰʲôٿڣŷӶ࣬ˣɡ
սͷҪ򡣡
ưߣ̵ľС֣ÿ춼Ҫǣµͺ˶Ŀû⣬õԼӦõɡ
̶̵ʱ˽ӽʮöͭңһ˾һöͭˣöͭҵɡ
ڻתͷ׼ߺȣӭһλ˵ʱһתͿһλƲĿˡ
˴ͼƵ£ɫĳһ˫ɫʱ˿̣ڳ΢Ц
һӵʱɢ㶵վǣ˺һһԼͷλˣ
̲·ģ΢ЦС磬Ҹһ¡
ԷѵģҲȹĵʣʣֻҪ֪ģ
̣˺ܶ𣿡
ʵʵ˵ǰʱ䲻࣬⼸ȻͱˣǰҮˣҮǰҲǸõطСʱȥҮء
ϲ˵ҮǺɫģʲôúãһյС󣬿ðҮ˳Ժü걥ҳҲ٣ǰû˲ĽҮˡ
ǰҮ˵ǽߵá
̺ʵȻôãΪʲôӣ
ѹ֮ǰһ˵ҮʳڶȥʥˣԼСֶֺãԼȴԲˡ
ֲǮֱߡ
̳ЦЦлл
ȻͳöͭҵݸԷǮ࣬°ȥɳԡ
˫ֽӹ̵˵Ժ֪ңһֱ
̣á
֮̾߻վԱߵȴĿ˹ߡ
˳ס˹ص֣һ˷ܣһûȥˣҮ˾͹ˣ
˹ؿӦ֣Ѱôãƽɵ֪á
ЦһڴȰҮ˹ֻһС룬Үҵˡ
ôõء;ֶʳ˰
˹أ
̣򰡣ҮûˣҮû˸ˣ϶ҪԮ
˭⸽˭̣ܰȻֻˡ
ֻҪңҮ綼ҵġ
̽ס˹ص֣Ҳ
˷ܵ˰ҮҾʲôˡ
ʱоľӣгʱȶĴṩʳ
ͲٿʥԺҵɫ
ǴҲԲɽ
ȥһţҲȫˡ
Ǻ


152 
ԭֱȥ˵£Ȼ˹¶ĳ̤ͨҮķ
Ү˿⸽֮, ˵ʱй, ӽˣЩлū
ū˿, һūֵʮūô˿, ֻūһˡ
ʥǾˣʥǵʵ˿Ӧʮ, ȥū, ֻʣҡ
˿Үʥˡ
ҡҡλ, žͻ˿˹صĻ˹ס˳̵ļó̿øһ㡣
ȥҮֻг̺Ϳ˹أԼԹʵڷܵ
̻װ磬ª¡¾Ͳˣμª, ġ
ڳ֮ǰ̻ԼͿ˹ص, ˹ʮܵѣ˶ˣǼҵ, ֻܴżʣһǮҮҸطţԺͨƽ
Ҳ֪һѣǻ©ٳֻҪʣֻ⼸仰
һŲ˵
ԭ˹ųֱӷɹȥ̲ͬ⣬ҪδӰҮ·Ժòõϣ
찵֮󣬿˹ڰѳҡˡ
ڿ˹صĻ˯죺Ҫ𣿻Ѿˣ
˹أʱܵҹˣҪϢ³ɡ
ѾҺõĵطˣȥݴԺһ⡣
Ҫ⿪ͷֿ˹վԼ
̣ң
˹أû⸽Ұޡ
̵ͷסܸ߳Уһ裬Ȼÿ˹شˮﵹˮԼϴ֡
ϳ̶˯˯ڻѱߣ˹ظҹ
ʱ·͸ܿһ˼г̿಻ԣ˹Ҳûа취ССĳȫŪϱҧһһС
û𣿡̿ɥȻ󳶿˹صһ˹ؾûҧ
Խ֮ǰҲǼӵǸѧʱͬѧһȥٳֱȫǱҧĸͬѧһͬͭƤǣӸǡ
˹Ҳָۣ̲ϵĺ㣺۲ۣ
̣۵ǲۣǲҲǺ
̾ȥ˰ҮҪҵûݣʱҪҧ
ô˼죬㵽Ŀĵء
ԭΪҮˣҲձôҲǰǵһɡ
Ȼ֣紵ˣһƬ٣ȴ˥ܾ
ũū͵軧ǽӲӵӣһȫƼݣôʳȴûҮ˵Ķӡ
͸⿴һֱ쵽Ŀ⿴ĵطֵһС
ȻȻѾʥԺҵר
ǵʱҪһ˰޾ɵǵʱ˲
ĶģˣĶȥдŲزס̰
򺩺Ц˹¶ġ
Ү
ЦҼҮ⡣
֣˰Ƚˣ˲ܽȥ
׼ˣóһװͭңᡣ
ԼҲû뵽ԷôϵѲ˵ߣȻЦǰļۣڿɲһˡ
ֺõЦҼ˻Ҫȥء
̰Цһ㣬ͬʹ˸ɫͬǡ
ȳǽԺǲΧһţȥﵽжͭңÿֵܷ١
ҮʳҮѾԲˣ̫ˣԭʮöͬ򵽵ӣҪһöͭ壬ߡ
ҼǮһõõСˣڹȲңҲó
еȵСҪʥԺңɱСƽܳԣɾΪҮڻʳƽǼԼֵأǼǮǮ򲻵ʳ
Үôġ
ж٣ͷ˶Ｗ
ͭҵͬ鵹ڵϣһööһʮö
ĹȻǮ
һʮֵ֣ÿҲʮöҡ
ҼѾûˣ𡣡
оŰɣܱûкãһģҲܶʳؼҡ
ǷֺõͭңȻŻصԵλϣ˽
ֻ˽ʱõһǮʱ⸽Ӱ
ǵ˶࣬ǵ١
ǷǮʱѾҵùݣùȻûоĴɨҲûʲôˣֻһϰڿյķֵҲûʲôˣҮǸ׼ũҵУûʲôҵи쿪һ죬¢ĸиҵǳֵҲҲĹ
ĺӣ·ʼѧźׯڣһֻغʳ򽻵
ǰطƽ붼ĺõط
ҲеĽʡ
߽ùݣϰڷˣӭȥһЩŵЦ
ùݴԼҲԻ͹ĳ趼ǻ˼Ҳ˴Ǯģװﶼ¾Ҳûи
Ҫ䣬һԼͿ˹סһס
仹ɾٳûڷ￴ӡ
Ү˶𣿡̸ϰġ
ϰҲùϰҵļҵһ˶ùݳԷ˺üˣ¢ҵˡ
˵Ҫ˶࣬Ͳˣˣĵһˡ
ֵ̹ôأҼǵǰҮǺܷģΧ˶뵽Ү
ϰ̾˿Ҳ˵ǰˣ˲ҮҮ˵ȥ
̣Ϊ˰̫ߣ
ϰͷҲбԭЩүǼҵĹȲʳǲ
̣ȫȥյӣҲɣ
ϰЦһץסҪֵġ
̲ţôأҹɫȥ̫ܱץסɣ
͵Ȼκʱǳ̲ΪƽԼȴԲʳҪˣ˭ȥ£
ϰ壺ԹˣҮ治һЩֵصʲôʱֵأʲôؼң֪ͨ
ǻؼ֮ǰҪϲܲһӡ
ҹǲŻѣ·Żѣһ۾ͻᱻ֡
ϰ崸˴ԼȣˣˣҪùԷǮҪ˵һҪʮöͭҡ
ôǮ˶ôȥ
ʮöͭң
˹¶ͰأʳȥһСĺҲֻҪʮöʮöͭҡ
Ү۵˶ٱ
ϰ壺ǰһֻҪöͭҡ
ϰĨ˰ȥˮ
ϰߺ󣬳̿˹ء
ǣ־ڱصá
лҪ˵̣Ҫ͵꣡
˹أίû


153 
ȥߡϴ˰ڶ԰Ү, ʱҲ, ڰҮöԱ޵ʱõϢ
˹أ߰, ĳӦûôࡣ
̻˼·Լʵʵ, Ψг©ϸƤ, ֻ˹ҧ
Ȼһȥ, ʱ̶Ҫܿ
Ψϰ岻ιòϺͶӣһҪԼš
ʱ̫ûɽ, ڵĸɻ˶½ˣ̺Ϳ˹سŵʱڽ߶Ҳûʲôũߣũ߻ǰУڿӰӣŵʯͷĳͷʯͷܴ, Ȼ˺ܷٴʯͷҲֲ˶೤ʱ, ҪһΡ
ҲûʲôɫƣŲ鸡ߡ
ȥ꿴ס˹صӡ
Ȼû, ǿŵģ̺Ϳ˹ز֪Ķֻһ·ˡ
·˴ȫƶ鲼·סʱ˵һ䣺ûǮҲû
һ£һʲôûУʣһˡɥ顣
ͳöͭңǴ·
ǮԷ۾ˣöͭ򲻵ʳܱûкãæͷͷ˵ҪȥĶûҲ֪ĵط
̣ȥꡣ
·ˣ
Үǣӻڣһʱŵſڣ··˻˵ǰҮһʮ꣬Ǵүǵĵ꣬Ҫһ̬Ⱥã򲻵ʳġ
̣ǮҲ򲻵
·εҮСãиɱģĳҲҪǲǣҲǮ
̿˿˹һۣ˹ʣǵͲܣ
·С˵ܲסģˡҲס
ЩˣùϰΪǺƽ񣬵·˵ĿУƺҲ۸ˡ
·̾˿˭֪˰ջôߡ
֪ǳ˽ͷ˰⣬Ҫ˰·ˣȴֻͷ˰
·˳̾һǸˡ
̻ʼ䣬Ѿߵſˣ·˿ԼɣǮһܲˡ
쿴ܼܲҮСԿ˹˵ҾðҮܱҪӵöࡣ
˹أôУǸ͵Ȳڡ
˹ظˣˣһѹκôһ߾£ġ
˳ƽͻӹɵĳ䵱ԹţԹ١
ܻͬߣ߹飬ƽһҲ۸ǵĵ߾ͻή͡
ǿ۸Ǿ͸ܷɹˡ
̣ҪȿҲ
˹ص˵ͷ
ʱΪƽǼڵſڣڿ֣
ĲˣҼӣˣʳĲԣ
ɣˣ
׳˿޺ţһ޵һҪһ㡣
ȻĻƺѾϰĳ棬ľ˵Ǯֻô࣬ҪǲǮ㣬Ժ⡣
˱װСĲߴһţޣȴûзһ
ܿ챻˼ˣֻ뿪
֪ôؼң֪ôԼĺӺˣҲ֪Ժô졣
飡һתͷһײʯĲ䵽ϣͷȫѪڵϣ֪˻ˡ
ǰ룬Ҳֻѣֳܿ
ܵԱߣ߼˲ߵʱֱסʮ쳣
̿ľǴƬƬΪһʳͷѪƽ
촽΢ţò˼顣
ΪʲôأͶֳʳҲǵļңȴҪ˹Юƣͻԣߵ̶ˣΪʲôѵбڸ
̿˶ȥˣ࣬ҲʳվſڣȺڿһ޹ص־硣
߽
ںŰעתƵϡ
̺Ϳ˹òɫ˶ӾԳúÿܻʶŴ
һֱľĻ¶һôȻЦݣֻСҪ٣
ͳЩ٣
ƣװӡ
̵ɴ۾ôҲöͭң
صģ·϶ǿ˹á
ⲼȻСҲĲװСװʮ
˶ʮ
ЦݣС۸񡣡
ͼԷ˹¶ʱҲҮСʮöͭҾôࡣ
ƲͷˣүʲôǹܲţҮۡ
̿Цã԰ҮƽˣǵүҪֵأ
˭𣿡
˹غȻ˵ʲôͻشʲô
Ҫڣһذ׾͵Ĳϣ˹Ƶվ˭ҲûпôģͺһӰƮ
̣ûü
ƺҲ㡣
ƶ˼룬ذ׵ŲӵĻҲûӦ
ȻǾͬûˡذ׼ڲϣԷ־û
ֻôţҲûȥڵʳҲܣֻܽӲվһľ
ƺֻҪʳǾͲᷴ
ǱסӵĻƣʱǻһɪɪ۲Ҷģֻѣˡɱҡ
һãһܵܣһ˶һˡ𡭡
̳мѳˣ
ʮҵ꣬ʮϰ壬ʮĻҲֲز˶˾ͻо˾ƽдϢĻᡣ
˿ĭֻ
ʣλڰҮ𣿡
Ʋҵͷ˵Լֻ˵ڣڡ
̣һ⣬ǵϲʲô
һϲãϲʲôϲĶ񣬶
ƣϲ
̣
λϿ˿϶йͬԣϧûѰϿ˴
̿ۿ˹أĬ˹طذף߻سߣСҲˣֱԭ·ùݡ
ߺ󣬻Ʋ˿
Լͬ飬ͬѾصԼԭλϡ
˶ľʣǼȲΪ˾ͬҲҲϽȣ־ı鶼ûС
һĿܣֻᰴͰԼ¡
ҲصԼλӣվǷֱһ˳֡
ҹĻٵһɲǣƲźȻʣҪˣǻҼ˴仰𣿡
û˻ش


154 
Խ˽ⰢҮУ̾Խ޷˽ˡ
ҹﻹܲʿ˹أΪʲôǸײӵôߴ, ǵŽһ, ˵ӮȡһЩô, ڻӡ
˹ڴ̨ϣ֪ôҰ𣿡
ðεǵܰǱɼ󡣡
ǵĲǹ, ǷɣҲǱ, ǿ־塣
־ǲҷ
ǲҽ
˹أҰΣյʱ, ܶ඼Ĵ, Ǿˡ
ʱҲһԱʽ
̣
ǵһŮͬѧǰһֻèϼҺץӣȥرȻǰֻ֮èֻڴ£ֻǻûеèӦĴ˽ҽԺ, ûչèи, èȥĵڶûˣûκ˿ڣҲûκβʹ
ġ
ӦӦǰҷӦ, ԭΪ˱ԼȴԼ
Ҳû٣ҲǶⲿѹԽ󣬳ҲԽǿȻŴôμģҲûƽƸķӣҲû췴
ֻվģǲҵȫУй
Զ췴䶼Լһ
ն壬ʱݶ
Ԫĩʯһֻۣƺ·
࣬ʤö١
Үû䡣
ǵʥԺ¢ϡǳݵˡ۸
޿ֻһ٣ٶѹԼĵߡ
ˣԼĻ̫򵥣Ǻܸӵģڷڷģе
ҾֻܽǱһˣʲôˡ°ͣЩ˵ȥĶŪ
̿ɲڵİҮƤֽϡ
˹غȻ˵֮ǰù̿𣿡
̣ǿԡ
̿ʲô𣿶ֻ̿ûǦʣЩţ̿ʵıʴǦʴֵö࣬ûϸ
˹أ㻭ʾУʲô
ϿǸˮƽõˡ˹˳ѰϿһʬ
̣ҹʱҪꡣ
Ǳȱϼ󣬾̶Ͳ
ִ㣬һֽĺɫĳۣϿ˵Ļȥ˵ҲܳΪһ󻭼ҡ
ֻǰϿ˻ǸʱԼǿˡ
Լ̼̿Ȼִר̿ãľϺɫһ׵ɫԳֻܰ̿ûһգֻձ棬֮ɫľ嶼ùϰģҪۻˡڶԷҲˡ
˶ǷˣʥˣܶǮȻǮ
˰ɣ̻һ磬Ҳûģأͬʱûһſ˹͸һİˣֻԲִһŷǣʮַʱǵĪ棬ǳüٶǳ£ΪֻһԴûֲŮ
˹زûճ佱üʣ˭
̣ǰˡ
˹üͷ΢壺ôû
̣ǰʥԺʱģܶûˣⱲǼˡ
̵һ仰Ժ󣬿˹ؽüͷչЦҺüˡ
˿˴׾ԽԽ󣬳ô˵ã
ǾȥɣϣҮ˯˸Ҳˣþûôо泯ڴϣҪſϢȥϴȻ͸о϶˵
̼ѵŤͷ磬ùݣ
˹ȴЦЦùûˣû
Ȼ˹ظȥڳ̵Ķ˵ôоôС
̵Ķ˲ˣ˿ĭû͸ࡣ
˹ؾ֡
̿Цãһ㻹
ͼֹҽĺˡ
˹ذʾĶ˶
̣
̡
˹أҶ㲻
ֻͶ
Ľǳºֵ̧ûˣԭۣ۵Ƥ
Ժľÿ˹ڸԼ壬ת˸˵ǵðĶŪ
˹صָᣬ̺ܿ˯˹ȥ
ھ͸ϷƵã̲ûֵУԼΪ˹ص̫Ըˡ
ÿεʱ򣬿˹صı鶼óʳָ󶯡
ԭ˯ŵʱΪԼϿ϶˴컹ûˣûκβʣʮƿһԭѾûĺɫƺֱһ㣬Գ˵ǲôдڸе
ϾҲಲ·ߣҪֱ߲ϴԼеڸС
ǰѳ̰ѻ˯Ŀ˹ѣָԼǿƤʣǲֱһ㣿
˹ؿȥ˵㡣
ЩԺǲҪȫҲ̫ˣ
ȻϲǸ̫עˣɫĻȫɹɺ̿
ɹɺ̿Ǿȵġ
˹§ס̵ѳϽԼĻȻڳ̵ĺӡһǣɳƵڳ̶𣺡ģξͺˡ
һʺţΣǰô
˹:ͦʱûˡ
˹ﻹ˵ί
̣ܰ
˹أʮ졣
̣ô죿
˹أ
̸ˣ룬ʱһƵͷӣϻȫǺɫĻƣ붼롣
˹Զԣ̾˿ͣȻˡ
̺һҷĶˣС
ײǹ߻𣬳̲ڿ˹صĻ̫ãһ𴲴·ϴˢǻȥǱҮ
˻⣬̻һӴ죬Ƕ˱ʯ
챦ʯ͸ĥиʮֺ
˴·ùݳ˵ȻǰǱ
һ·ǶûˣͳȥɻˣֱҲûɨǽǶйȣζʮš
żˣһƽǮˣˣǹԱǵǺգһ߻һЦŸߵ졣
ǱĴſ֣ûʲôһߵʯϴ̶ߵǰˣûѹ
ȣصؿһŴ˸飬˹
ûĿ˳һۣ˭
̣Ҵ˹¶Ҫݼˡ
˵̻꣬һͭҡ
Ǯ̬ͲһˣʮĹ˵һ㲻ˡ
̾ʹӲóǷֻкɫɫĻľԭɫҲǿ˺ڰ׻ңǱȽеġ
㲻ͻҲ⻭ϵ˺ÿ
ͭҴȻ˵ȥˣ
̲֪˭ǹܼңҲ͡
ҲҪ֪
ܿ죬ܼҮˡ
ҪԷǱ۸С
αװǡ


155 
Ǳûãһ͸һ, ʹ·, Ҳ࣬ںڻȾɫ, ȥһܹĸ߼, ·ƶѵģÿһľ붼Ǿ, ϶ԱȵĻ, ЩСϸϲ
̿ߵԼǰ̬ȹ, ûΪ̵ĴŶͿ̣ͷ˵ص´ǽȥ
˵תųǽȥȥ֮ǰûи
ֵʮַܣǿܲضĵطȻͷǽȥˡ
Ǵȣ̨ף͵Ĵ¼ϵİص´ˡ
Ǹţ, źܲʱĹ壬, ȴƫƫҪһĲӣ۾ǣȷʵе㼲ӡ
صһӥ, ԶԶȥ͸ֻһһ
˽ԼСɽһȻſ̺Ϳ˹ء
ֿ죺Ҫͻ
̳صЦЦصȥһСӡ
ǳ̰ѻó͵ݸص¡
ص´ӹһŵϣζƲˣ˵ĳ಻棬ϾĳɫûĻҲûб顪ԼФ񻭶һûбֳֻ࣬ʣһӣص¾ǷȫûлԼòȴѾǻʦﻭõˣõһˡ
˭ģصºȻǵ۾˾⣬ҪʲôӣС󣿡
΢һصæ˵
ӣ̺Ϳ˹֮󣬳̲˵ʦ˹¶
ص£Ǵ˹¶ģ˵˹¶Ǯ
ЦЦŴ˵˶࣬Ǯ
ص²֪뵽ʲô̾˿ǰġ
ݳ࣬ǾԼڿڰ˵˹¶ôˣ
Ȼ̺ܲӵ˵ãǻǺġ
ص³һΪȫһ۸ôô˹ܵסأ
ص²ţͬʱúܲˣתͷ̣С죺ô
ˣһתȻ˵ǰǱ۸
ص۾һų̼˵
ŶЩˣֶΣǮѵҪȥ˲ô죿
ص£˹¶ôģ
̣ҾͲˣֻǸͨˣȻ⣬ҲǴ⣬˶㲻ϡ
صź˵ȥ˹¶һ
ЦΪʲôȥأѵҪǣ˸𣿡
صһסԼС˵뿪Լصģ
ѭѭգôᣬôϣȥߣ磬𣿡
ص£ҵ塭
ǸϵĲУԼǾԼ̫ǿ׳϶Թı䣬ֻܰԼɡˡˡ
һˣܱһһֵС
ڵ
̣˹¶дӲصļУֵ϶ʯ壬ϲĻʦ˹¶ļҼһſڶʻ
صԽԽӳʼû뿪ҮҮԣʱûиоҮƽܿʱҲûио
񱻹Ǳһÿһ£һˣһʳ
˵˼仰֪̾ص±Լ˵ˣΪĻжදǰص´ȥˣֻһֱû¶ģڰص¾Ҫһܰ¾ĵˡ
΢Ц˹¶⸽ùݣãһˮĴȵƣԵСˡ
˹¶һСˣɣԹ𣿡
صɵ㶵ҡҡͷû
ǳ̾Ϳʼص˵˹¶ЩɫʳԳİصֻʿˮ
ԸĻԸһȥյ˹¶ֻܽҪܵ
صڳ̵עºȻߵһҪǿǣʱҰɡ
˵Ϳ͡
г񣬸˹һ뿪˳Ǳ
ߵֵϣ̲̲ס˵Ǻӵˡ
ֹ񣬼ֱûӡ
̣֮ǰһΪαװɱ۸ӣҾı۸ˡ
ҲųԷһֱϷݼǳá
˹أû˵ѡ
̸ص˵ʱ򣬿˹ԱҲûзϸ۲ŰصºܱߵĻ
ԶλûжءΪϵأϵػ¡
ɼλڳǱﶼûжϡ
װװˣԼˣ͸ˣȥǱôãûܼܿҡ
ܼҲߺ˰ݼʱܼҲ֣Ǿͺܲˡ
˹˵ͣˡ
üʣʥԺأԺأҮʥԺô£
ֻ˽˳ǱƲȫ˽⣬Ү̫ˡ
ˣǱᣬʥԺĲܲʣһ޴ţҪϸ̽һܵóۡ
˹أҪôʥԺ˻ǸˣҪôķһҪôѾˡ
һʥԺĸʵܸӣʱʥԺãһԺִִǸʥԺҲֻͳιߣǺܺʥԺ
﷢չбؾ֮·̿׷ݵԭʼʱڣͼڣȻȻչڽ̡
ڽΪλеĵʵ÷Ǻڼ׵ĺûȥж
Щˣһƣڽ̺õһ档
ʥԺҲһÿʥԺԺǻˣҲΪ˾˰Լ֮ĺˡ
̣ǽȥʥԺɣ͵͵ȥ
˹صͷҾãҮԺӦѾˡ
ŴĿȷʵ󡣡
˹غȻЦǸͣǸ˲š
̣۲á
˹ס˳̵֡
һֱڱ䣬ƺһֱû䡣
ԽԽᵱһҲԽԽվĽǶ˼
ǶʴȣǿͣԱʹޡ
˹û˵Ŀȴᡣ
̣ô˵ʲô
˹أҪûгΪڻʲô
̲ԣӦûʥԺʰɣǿ϶ᵱԺġ
ÿ챻÷࣬˭ܵˣʥǵʥԺ⣬ͨԺЩĪڷֲϵ
˹أ϶ȥʩˡ
̸ˣԼԵĻȥɣԼԻˣ¶
˹ص͵͵ЦȻһתѳ̱˻
һ±ơ
ôˣ˹سˣ


156 
ҹȴڱ˯, Ҫ, ˹һȥʥԺ
УʥԺĽǳ˳Ǳ۵, Եرꡣ
ôģ̱˹رߴţǰһĻһ, ŵĵطƺԻ޽Խ߾Խǻ, ƿʥԺĴ, ҲûһƾͿ, ˻ңǽǻû֩ʥԺҲûһյ͵ƣûһ˿
̵Ķʳľ
˸£ûסˣ
أ
ʥԺߣһִ󣬶ҮΪֹûκϢȥ
̣Ƕ˰ɣ
˹ǰһ֣¥
̨ףľ巢֨, һѿ˹صյ
Խ֮ǰǲ¹, ǴԽ֮󣬳̾Ϳʼˡ
ϾԽ֮ǰǼᶨߣԽ֮ħ嶼, ôֹƺҲ̫֡
¡˹ذѳ̴ԼĻ뱧ߡ
ЩſţЩǹŵģЩ˵Ŷ˹һƿȫһˡ
ʥԺһĲ㣬Ĳ¥Сʱͱǿˡ
Ȼûҵκһ˵Ӱӣ˻ĺۼûС
аûסˡ
ȫɱˣƽ񲻿ûо벻ͨû˵ӣûһƽ
˹أץƽʣ
ҡҡͷһȣص˵
ãҲʹ򽻵
֮ǰǱʱ˵ԼҪȥˡ°ͣӦþǰصµ͡
ʲộԴ϶ڿϡ
˹üʣھȥץ
ҡҡͷҲģҾ͵Ĳֹǰص£ʵҲֻǿܣܴݾߣ˵
صù֮󣬳˯žڿ˹صĻ£ʱѾ԰Ү׳ʲôûȤˣָſ˹صķβ˵̫鷳ֱӰѰҮɣֻҸհѰ࣬ٴҮʥԺֻ۱ֻҲˡ
ʥԺæڳѵӰ쵽طʥԺٲ붯Ҳֻܶˡ
ȻҲģʥԺҲܶҡĸ
ǰϻþһãǳ̻ûа󿪳󣬾˻ҩȳҲ
ܻʧܺܶΣԲŪ
˻ҩ˻ǹǶо޴
˹̵ļ򣺡졣
֪˹ؿ϶ֱӴģҮûʲôװ޾ɣûʲôս
ô˹¶ʱפڰʿһܰѰҮ¡
̺Ȼðһ뷨ʥԺϢʧ
̧ͷ˹ĿԣΪʲôʧ
ħҹﶯ֣ǶץѽȹţȻҮ¡
ưҮڰص£Ǹˣܼܡ
ûʲôģصǸݵƽ񣬳ܻ̿ͬ
ص²ǣǹ壬Ƭصˣκ˶˳ƿ
һӣɿܡ
һ˵Ρ
ͨ˷ܺˣ쵼߷ľͲǼˡ
ôȥƽǵ˿Ҳаصµһʡ
Щˣûзʲôû
ʲôĴ
̣ɣȥһˣһȥǱ
˹ؿų̣Ȼ޳ɳһȥ
ǿ˹صĴǣģҺôҲħȫøҹ¡
˹أС
̣ҵȥ
˹ˡ
Ľǳ̸˯£˹ؾˣϾֹ·Ҫʱ䣬ټħҲҪʱ䡣
Ұûħ壬˹صֱȥ˹¶
˹¶밢ҮԶ
ʱ˹ػûЩھΣ˹ԴӸһͺûԼˣһ𣬵кܶҪæ£˹صȴ٣ʱ䶼ǳ£˹ĬĬ
ž㿷֮˰ɣ
ʶ΢ĩ
תһ룬㿷֮
ˣ˼С
緹ԵĻŨϰ컹ܴ󷽣˸
̺ʲô𣿡
ϰЦ˵첻ʱȥǱժҰŪĹ
ҰĹܳˣҲܶԵ㶫ӣӾܺùһЩϰһߣȻֻгһˣϰ廹ǲ뿪ùݣΨִ⡣
ǰ뿪ǱϽ𣿡
ϰҡҡͷ˺ٳһγʱ򡣡
ֻ̣һӣ
ϰεͷʲôãǺ̫ˣԭиŮģСʱòˡ
룺˵֪ͣ𣿡
ϰ壺֪ˣ˿Ǹˡ
̾˿ʮѹ˵ǰͶԣҲôˣǱӿҲù
̣˸ǵĹϵ𣿡
ϰ忴˳һۣڷˣ۾һУʲô˼˵˸˹һ𣿡
ܣϰ弤ĺˣ
̱ϰ弤Ūеãֵʣʲô
ϰ壺ûңܶˣÿ˼ܹĶݣ
Ҳվͼϰ侲Ȼû㣬ô֪˵ģ
ϰߵ֪ˣǲ뺦ˣ
̣ҺʲôֻһһѹҲûҺܵõʲôô𣿡
̿ϰƽһЩ͸ϸ˵ֻǾ̫ˣҪ׽˶εĻ͸ˡ
ϰ侲ϣ̾˿֮˵һֱڳǱĸ׺͸׶ǳǱ͡
ʱָܵǳԡ
Ҳǿſ˳ġϰ¶ı飬˺ͣͺٳˣǾ˸ͳԵģڳﻹô˻ţΪ֮ǰ͹СҪȻͼֲȥˡ
Ȼͣ˶ֲ˵£ôأ
ϰŨŨϧϣүǮͲҪ۸ˡ
̺Ȼ²ۣҾû۸
ϰƫͷЩɵʲô
̣˵û۸ڳǱгкȣʱͻ
۸ǣЩû˻ţû˹ܣʳҪƽ񡣡
ʱͬͣͬһԼ


157 
ϰӲƽҪͬ飬ȻԼҲƽеһԱ
ϰ忴ų, ڿһ, ĿдŨŨĲ⡣
Ҳ֣ϰ彲ǽͨġ
һֱĻ, ȻǴġ
ˣôûȥʥԺ̲ɫתƻ, ϰ̽Ϣ
ϰ岻Լ˿, Ȼ˵ʥԺѾŴˡ
̣˰ꣿ
ϰһν˵ǰҮ˺ȥʥԺ, ڵʱʥԺͲôˡ
̣ڵʱˣ
ϰͷ, ǸбµλĴˣ
ϰС˵ʱʥԺ˿ˡ
ϰʱڣʥԺҹܶ£Ҫ˰գǸȨ߶ĽӮˡ
ҰʥԺĴŹ, ˶棬
̣ô˵˰أǰû𣿡
ϰ壺ǵô˵, ˼̳аҮԺ󣬾ͰʥԺִˣЩ˺óԺú, ҲƽȥʥԺ档
ǰǵҲö˳ԲˣʥԺ˾Щ˰æȥطʥԺϢ
Լ˶һŰԵģϰˣһʾʳϰס죬ŷԼ˵̫࣬˵Ĳ˵ģ˵ˡ
̿ϰ壺˵˵ˣֱ˵꣬ط¡
ĵĿ˸һ
ϰ˿ĭǱһʵʵؼ˵ЩȥϢ˱ץסˡ
üͷһ壺Ϊʲôˣѵ𣿡
˵ˣʥԺԭ˶ûֻ̫
ϰ壺Ҫǰص´˱ʥԺץߣµô죿
ҲǵһԼİʥԺ
Ȼǰص£ǰصµĸס
Ӵ󣬵ϣһֱ˵һ˾Ȼֻаصм̳ˡ
ΪλĬ롣
ԷˣӶûҲ֪Դνġ
̣ǿô£
ϰֻ˵滰ȻԹ̫ûˣҪпͰʳˡ
̣
ϰ壺˻ȥʳÿ죬ǶܰҹȥһС󡣡
ˣֲϰ֮ǰôάΪ֮ǰ˺£ǿֱڶ취ˡ
ǲĵֶأЩã
ϰ壺Ҫеþͺˡ
ϰ֪Ķ˵ˣʼԹǰұԹٶ໰ֻԼţΪ̵ԭ˵ʲô˵ʲôӵĻһ˵˳
ʲôãϰ忴ȥЩߣǶûã
ص´СʱͲôǱ˵ʮ껹ӣ
СͲá
ĬĬĺ˿ˮ߶Էص²ǴСͲãǴСװ
ϰ˵Ҳ壬ÿصһ㶼˵ͲĶӣҶô˵
̲һˮ
ϰ߶߶Թһѣ˵ȫǰصµĻ
˵ǰҮƽܳԵСΪʩᣬҲÿ˶õϾÿοóʳ࣬ôˣǰˣȻòˡ
ص¾Ǹ˾֪ķ
̣˶ô𣿡
ϰն˵ǵȻôģ
Ҫܻͺˡ
̣ôֻҪΧץסǣǲͿԹǰ𣿡
ϰãĿ£ôأڵʱ˭Ҫġ
³̶ˣǲ˵Сûͷ⣬иԭͱᡣ
ΪԼĶһõط
ط֣ƽ¶û̫ı£ֻҪĴ󣬾ܰȹӣشǵһ
϶ûԼӱܿյ
ĻᶼûС
̿Ҳܴϰ׳µϢ󣬾վתԼķ䡣
ϰ忴ų̵ıӰԭط
һĳʱ̣ܶСʱϰָܻˡ
̻ص䣬ڴߣĵĿŴ⣬ڳû߶ż⣬ƽڳĵɻ
Ǹɵö࣬Ե٣ţҪˣҮū࣬󲿷ūţͷˡ
ʱūƽúõö࣬ٲõһûԣҲõԼûǮʳ
ǵʳɳǱġ
ڿ쵽ʱȵ˿˹ء
˹ֱӴӴħûмгģҲûп˹طɵÿ졣
Ӧ̫ɽ֮ǰ˹ظվͱ̱ס
˹ĳ̵ļ򣺡ôˣ
̾˿̫ˣ
˹أ˭
˹ʺš
̣Үصµĸס
̰ԼϰõϢ˹˵һ飬Ȼ̾ϢӢۣӹܡ
ԼĶӣҵҺеģӣҪصǿô죿ģֲ
˹أ
̺˵ǰҲǹ̳˵⣬֮ǰ̫æˣҮ´֮ǾӰɡ
˹Ҳ˵ٵʮ꣬Ȼĺˣǻš
գգۣܻܾ𣿡
˹ħҡ
˹Ϊ̻ˣһ
ĺеһ϶ϵĲܿˡ
ôʲô
˹أʮŻϡ
̣ǻҲԣܽˡ
˹ûסЦ̵ͷЦһ쵽ʲô
ħˣȰѳǱǡ
Ŵסĵطǻ֪
ܲܰҰš
˹أӦ֪
̣Ŷ
Ȼţ˹ؽ˸ʮǣǾͽж
ħǻԭ͸·ǻǣһһҮǰ
ڲݵԾòߣٶȺܿ졣
ԭֻǴź˹¶ˣģһЩǮ׼һ˹¶ӻɾٻׯ԰
Ǯû⣬ˡ
ڿߵͬ飬ƿĿ⡣
ǰôûͬô
ĺӺÿִ
ĺڶˣʦ˹£ϻὲ
ͬ鷢˺ڵĿ⣬ݺݵ˺һۣڲʾĵɻȥ
Ժ󣬺һ߸·һ룬ˣܼӣôӴȥ
⣬رϲ˹¶
ׯ԰ȻãǺôСӦÿ磬ˣѧණ
ڵĺڶδġ


158 
ƻˣϼʧ, һƹâʧ, ڰ˴ء
̺Ϳ˹վڴߣħѾ, վݶҪκ˸ָ·, Ǿ֪Ŀĵ
ϵĽʥԺǳǱ
Ǳ˻ڳ˯Уҹˮ, ¹ڴϡ
̿ڿ˹صĻ, ͷڶԷļϣħڷԾ, ֻܿһһӰкҹڻ´ʱֵ߶Ҳᷢǡ
ʵʱ뵽кܶҮһ;ú̾˿Լ˷ܣЩ, ܷܲһǣȥռ, Ȼȥıаɣ
ͨһʵϷͬϷͨһض̵ļ, ҲͼСʱǿأֻҪʱ߲鹥ԣһͨء
ϾҲûĸϷɥĲ񵽲ͨصĻᡣ
˹ؿס̵ļ򣺡һ취
̿˹أʲô취
˹˵ȥʥǡ
̣ȥʥǣҷȥͶ
˹ҡҡͷָ⿿ڳ̵촽ϣᣬħૣһʴų̵ǣߵǸλӣÿһǣͶ㣬ıǡ
̣
Ŵ
ſ죬˵ûôҰġǡֻܺԼһĶֵء
Ȼʵû˵
ٶԽԽ졣
ѪҺѪٱ
ÿϸڽ
˵Ҳ֪
˹رס̣ͷǳ̵ľ࣬ҧ̲ϵһƤĥ
Сħ壬뵱
˹ص죬΢΢ϢĹ˹ԽԽϷޣƽʱҲδһһɿ˹ضͷ۽ǷڳԵˮʵҿ𣿡
˹صס˳̣ڳ̵Ķ˵ΪʲôУ
̣ҡ
˹̧ۿų̣˵ĿԣĿҪĳš
ΪʲôУ
ȥһԣô֪Լɲԣ
Сħ嶼ĸûΪİΣ
̺Ȼıס˿˹أҵȥ۽޺죬˺ҧſ˹ص촽
ҿԡ̴Ϣ˸˹롣
Ȼǲ⣬ȻʥԺϧΪʲôԣ
Цԣҿԡ
ֻҪ°ҮͿ̨
ֻҪӷչꡭ
кܶʱ䣬Ի꣬£Ҳܻһٰʮꡣ
̿ſ˹ص۾ȻʣûҰ𣿡
ħ֮ռԨ֮ϵ
˹غȻ΢Ц
֪Ϊʲô̾ÿ˹شʱЦЩҲЩ̣Ȼú£ÿ˹ıʮԸС
ܻˡ
˹أ뿪Ԩ֮ǰʱҪʲô
˹Լļҿûͳ
ҶħҲûʲô顣˹ظų̵գ֮΢ı۾
˹ص̵ָĺᣬ˵ʱһС
ϵֻлΪҽƽϢҵķŭ
ľսĻȴûһ˿η
˹أ㣬֪ԼħСħʲôĿЦ
۾ŭص˿˹һۣһʮûȣʲôпЦ˵ɰ
˹ЦˣãĿɰ
ǵҵһθҰ𣿡˹أ񡣡
̣ǵãһҵֱҼǵǰֻй֮ǰô
˹Ц㵱ʱܺ졣
̺ߵ˵ʱһǸСħ
Ȼ˵ڲˣҺܻơ
˹¶һʵı顣
̣Ǻо飬ս˼
˹أֹٴΡ
̣ллε츳
ҺħȻ˺
⵽ƺѾ̸ˣ˹صЦСħտʼׯ԰ߡ
ЩЩ˼ˣһʼׯ԰ûʲôθУֻԼūҲֻΪǺܿúµĳ̲ȱͬġ
Ϊׯ԰ãҲΪׯ԰δ
ֻʲôȥˣĿģ
ֱڣֻģģһЩ£ʶˣһֱԼȥϸ롣
ܹĽԼԽԽ͵Ұġ
ȻΪʲôҪõ˹أ˹ص˴ץסˣαشȥ
ȻΪʲôҪҮͼҮӵзأԳΪʳĴ󷽡
һǱδС
̺ȻʣҡΪǸλϵˣôң
˹صЦҾͻ㡣
̵Ȼһ죬˹һôãȴǵһ˹˵
ԼҲû˵Ϊߣ˼
˹أѵ㲻ӵҰ𣿡
ϲĳ̡
ףҲ֪Ϊʲôܾóһ߳ܵ¡
˹ذѳ̱
̰ڳһƣɴ̵̴塣
ʹʹ̼ĺſڿ˹صļ˵ܻҪꡣ
꣬ꡣ
̵ᣬܼҾʲôˡ
˹غȻſ˫ɫľ޴ס˳̣ڳʲôֻŵ˹ϵζ
˹صĺ
˹ڳӪռ˳̡
̣ӣҲʧӡ
̷ʩӡ
һѹ¡
˹صĺô
̵͵͵ĳ֣Ҫƾܣǵ˹صʱȴְѿ˹رø
Ƿʲô̻¶ʵԼԼصԸ¶˹ء
ָоĺܺá
̽ıס˹أڿ˹صļѣ᲻˳
˹ͣ˶ĳ̵ı
ʵԺʲô㶼ߵģ԰ɣ
˹ص֮ų̵ķ˿ڳ̵Ķ˵ԡ
뿴ҪʲôҲ뿴ܰʲô
˹ص۾죬ϧ̿˹شʱӡ
ܿĻܻһ
˹ضͷĽǻð˳ֱ۵ĹǴҲһڳԭ͡
̸оˣҪʲô
˹ס̵֣ó̵Լؿڣҡ
˿ĭ
ɬп־壬Ҳصڴỵġ
˹΢ЦģһСģħǵ𣿡
˹سȥ
̷һ
˹ؽıסı׺ݶռаµޣʱֻʣܡ
ֻħܱӵģֻħ
̣һħ
һԡ


159 
ڳ̺Ϳ˹رĺڰֵʱ򣬳Ǳ˻ڳ˯, Щһֱںƽ, ȱپԣҹ, ǽߵͷ˯ˡ
ħںڰڻ̨֮ͬ, Ǵ򿪴Ȼôֱӽ˳Ǳ, ûܵһ
Ҳ, ӣúǵĻ˵ǳúаȫС
ԭαøӴ, ҲǿһΪͶƽƤôһ󡣬ĬڳǱﴩȻİҵÿ˶ס졣
Щ˹ƾͷƲס͵Ĳš
ص´ʱ˯˯Ҳȣüͷ, ʱ̶ԼĲ趨ֻֻв, û
ħһͬʣûоλ˯ڴϵ˸ʲô
λһƬϰ, ͷ˵ħ壬ѸٵذѰص
ص»û˯Ķֲѵĳ̶ȡ
Թ˭
ûйİصΪֻĸҪˡ
ǵص۾ֱֱĶ˫ɫģ۾ʱĺǱһ
˰ħмӲƬֻ۰ףûͫסеģֻǰɫͫ׺۰׿һ˵ԭԺ󣬺ʱһ
Űص£Ȼ񿴵ʲôһȥ˳صµĳ
صʹĽгȫڲһɧζӰص´µ÷ûιȥֻѵĳĿ־塣
㡢ʲôصҪֽŶεذ
ƺԼҪˣǣʲôֻҪŹңʲô㣡
صȻԼòôȤҲûԼҪ
ħڴߣ˵ȴּԼڵ޷ЩյԼͷ
ðصºȤһǿ׳ˣԼαװ룬ƺʵԼ룬ħ֣˴صһֱûɹüġ
صٴηҽС
ûгͱħж°͡
ֵĿŶԷ޲ھιȥ
Ǽôݳ޵°
ص档
ƳǱˣƺҪܳʱ䣬жʱõȵ°ҹͽˡ
ڳǱ̨ϵȼһССĻѣںҹͬԾ
ͷ󺹵Ĵӿ˹صĳȫµƤܺ죬÷ǳˣͷѾʪˣʪϣҲܻ壬ֽҲûϻû˵ӡ
ײײ´ȥϵ˱ˮȻһ˸ɾ
ԼҪȱˮˣԼղ඼Ҫ˹ͱˡ
ܣϢͬʱҲˬܴ̼
ʹͿֽ֯һ𣬰ѳ̴ȥһûȥ
ʱ֪֮ǰļ꣬˹ǶôĿơ
ֱԸһͷΣֻǲɫġ
˹ջ˳±ȳ̵ͣҲôֻһλЩ塣
߹ȥӳ̵ס΢΢°͸ڳ̵ļϣȻڳ̵Ķʣոոоô
̵ǷǳϡӴǵ£ʵڲضԶԷҴš
ӣе㴭´αѳô
Ѿʼﻮ´ˡ
ҪԭԺһһξͿˣٶĳԲ΢΢ƫͷڿ˹صǡ
˹أˣûô
ﾹȻôίֱ׳
̲һףһֻһΣȻͰһΡ
˹̾˿һ红ӵļҳڰݺӵȡ֣ס̵֣ĴָĦų̵ֱðɡ
ڳ׼Ժȥ˯ʱƳڳǱǱ˸Ļ⡣
˹Ҳɿ˳̵ǽˡ
ֱȥǱ𣿡˹ʳ̡
̣Ҳһ壬ֱӹȥɣҲܸص˵仰һ³Ǳ﹤ˡ
̲ʹñֶΣܺĻȻǺá
ص²һˣֻܶѡ
̿ȥ˹¶ӣԸϿ˵ѣÿеû»һ𻭻
ص²԰صºͰҮƽ˵á
ͨˣص²αװɲУԴԼġ
ҲøȻ̺ܻܴû
֮ܶԸѡĻᡣ
ֱӰɵ˴
ڿ˹صİ¼򵥵Ĳ壬ûϴͷܾ֮ûаԼɾʮֲ˹ȴá
п˹صζ
ħ˵ʾȨ
˹صѵôʱ΢Цš
̵ڶ̤ǱһʱĿˣǸôܻӭĿˣȻڶνͳˡ
㲻ϵġ
˵ǱȻ˹¶ĳǱá
ҮĳǱҲϾ˼һĴڣǱķǱкܴ𣬸԰һЩľƷҲ࣬ǧƪһɵƷ
ħվڴ࣬Ĭֺ޴ڸС
һ˫˫ɫ۾ֻҿŵ棬ȥ̺Ϳ˹ء
˳¥ȥվڰصµķſڣȻƿ˷š
İصһ㱻ڴϣߴһԵЩƫͷ϶ŴŵĿŴſ߽ĳ̡
˹ȥ۰ص£°Ͳ֪˭жˣһֱڲˮ
̣Ūá
˰ħӰֻ߳ꡱһصµ°;ͱӺˡ
Щۡ
ص£صҲĿ
̲֪˵ʲôҺðص´˴ʱΡ
ħصɪɪ˵ҡֻǸģͨСѣҪʲô㡢㲻Ҫ˺ҡ
صһ˵һ߿ޣҺʧȥĸףȻʧȥ˸ס
ͼõ̵ͬ顣
ɳĺ޲˭Ǹ¶ˣҲʧȥԼĸĸܾˡ
ص£Ǳ۸
ƺˣΪʲôץ۸
˶˵ҳòְ֣Ҳ裬˵һǸҰ֡
˵һҲ壡Ϊұ˳öߴѵҲ뵱һ𣿡
صʵؿҲҵĻʲôҲҡ
ħħҪ۸ҡ
Խ˵ԽͶ룬־嶼ˣŷйûбԼҵˡ
һ±ƵĿ
ڵֳ
⻹ôú˵
̲ס˵ͱһա
ص̧ͷؿų̡
̣û׼ɱ㣬̸һʽ׵ġ
΢Цһ˵ֻкôûлĽס
ħĽס


160 
صǸͷβĲݰһ֪, ֻ֪޺Լһֱ۸, Ľףƺⲻˡ
ҡص¿־Ĳ㷭ʹȥ, Ҳһܸʲôô
ʵʱûȥסصµĲӡһһװ˼Ĵ, ϵôԣô˼˵Լ
̲ס˵ѡ, ҵİ, Ժһ׷ӣܴӳǱĲֲ, ЩӦܻĲ
ȻҲѡҵĻ
̿סԼҪصµĳ嶯Ｗһ䣺Ųϲ
ֻɱ㣬û˻֪뿪òһ񡣡
ڣԼѡˡ
صɵʣѡ𣿡
ʮ׺ݣѡ
ص±סͷ˵ѡһ
ôڣܱµƲ, õߣԺӦò̫ҡ
̣ưҮ, ˭
Ȩ𣿡
ص¸ɵˣ̧ͷų̣黹, ˻ȥһαãƺͷһ˵˿ĭմһʣôˣ
СʣǶõˡ
ҵĵܵһ
̣Ҫˡ
صһֻϾҪɱĸһɪɪʣʲô
ǸˣӦá
Į˵ǲǺˣӦжϡ
ʵǰص̫ױƭˣΪҲ޷ķֱƶ
ܿ챻ħ˳̵ǰ
һμʱ̲ûϸγ̲Ĵ
ӵһšѱͬʱҲᣬ˾ӺС
ӵġˡڵϣҲڷ
̣ͷ̧
ﻺ̧ͷ
ӵһ˫տɫ۾һͷƯĽ𷢣ص£ǹ塣
ĿȻ˵ص˵ĵܵܡ
ո̱ĿȻýӲ
̣ǵʵе񣬵ҲǺ񡣡
°ͣȷʵеֵܡ
ſ죬ѵģʹؿ˵ֻǵ΢ͣҵĸĸҺСʱȥˣı΢̷Űص´ˡ
̣ô˵ɣҪˡ
˵꣬̾ʹӿ˹صӹһذסǿ˹سõǰѴɫģǰ̫ˣò
ذ׵ĺڿһԺ󣬿ŵɴ۾ȻʶԼҪˡ
־ռĴԣҲǡ
Ȼ󺰵ǰصµĵܵܣͬĸֵܣ
ջ˵
ոֻһթһթԴλƨ°ͣԻ
ƨ°͵̫ˣɺϵĿԸ
ȻĸױǿˣǸ⤣ųªˣԸĸһ㲹
ĸҶκ˵ҸףǸ⤰Ÿģ
ƺҪƿһƤ⣬¶港ܲǸ
ҵĸףÿ춼ҪǸνĸ׶ҹҹðߣһҪ͵ùȥԺҪ򡣡
һʳûеõ
ŭŰص£ѰҮһ
صɵˣ޿˵ӦøҵġΪʲô˵
ЦˣʲôǸ˽ӣǸҵĸڶ򣿾ڱǸȥĵϣװİص£ΪʲôţΪʲô˿ԵʳŮˣȴֻڵϣһ˼̤ܻȥأ
ȻЦΪ뵱Ϊʲô뵱Ҳã
ҲҪͷҲӵȨ
ֻ
ͣЦȻпƵ˵ôģ㻹ǵ𣿡
ϣķ䣬֪˭֪Ѫ£ôϣô֣ϵҪӴϵˡ
ֻܴһͣ
Ȼһ룬ĺԴ˽ȥ΢ЦţƺڻôһĻϵı㣬ĸ׵룬ûʱ򣬻ڴ߷첹˵·ϣ·Ժӵң˵ҳˣ͸ȥط
ûܵȵҳ󡣡ıѾ㹻ˣǸŹʱһţֱۻסԼͷ
죬ǸץͷײӣѪĵǡұһԵϡ
Ҳֹ֪Ǹ˴ǸÿΰȥŰ¶һһЦݣΪǵͼģ΢Ů͡
ǸԸŰˣǰйȥ
ǸŮˣǸĸףһС
ûгڰҮûгΪŮͣͿԹͨ˵
ĮҮأֻаҮʧܱ
صѾȫɵˣſԼʶǰˡ
޺ţ㲻ǡ㲻ǿҵĿﲻ˵ĻҵĸǸˣǸӢۣ㲻ǿռ˿ħѿﻹңҵĿﻹң
￴Űص£ص¿޵ԽңЦݵķȾԽ
￴̣˵ˡ
ԼˣҮѾٵòˣʲôӣܡ
̣
ĿľôֱӣõȨҲûݿܡ
ֻǵҪ˰Ү
ҲȷʵҪɹˡ
ȥҪ˰꣬Ҫ£ҮͻΪһǡ
ҪôҪôӣҪôҮѸҡ
һѻ
ǰѻʱ򣬾ǰҮʱ
µĳٽҲԭİҮˡ
̶ȥſЩˣ޺ʹΧţոһյķԼͬĸ׸磬Լ˵Ķӣÿ춼ĥѡַʽĴۡ
ҪԣΪʲôҪ޹˾Щƽûе㣬أȴûзԣֻܶ
Ķ𣿡
￴ų̣ƺѾȫ֪ˣҲ˺ǣ˺ص¡
ߴ̵ļ򣬿Żڴϵİص£¶һЦǸǸģǸø硣
صֻǿޡ
ҪչˣҪ˸ָ򡣡
Ȼ۵Цװİص¸磬ҾҪˣ㲻˵仰𣿡
ص¿źħ㲻ǿ
ﲻң
ң


161 
̿ſƺԼѾߵ˾·, ոһй˸ʹ졣
ЩΪ֪, ڶôĻ˵˳ĿŰص±, ϴЦ⡣
̧ͷ¶һԵõЦɱҰɡ
̿, 뵽ǰʱ򿴵Щ̬Լĵͷ, Ų, ǸʵѾѿˣκ˶˵ǡ
ʵҺܺ, ôǶµġ
ƽܻᱻġɱΣǿû棬κ˶ʹǡ
ȴƽ˵ֻҪйͷԣͻ
ѱһѱǡ
γһͷ족Ȼ¹ͷùԼȥ
ȻйҪԽͷ족ֱӿеͷ
΢Ц˵ǶΪԼǴˡ
̾˿ұһġ
Ͼȱľ˲š
ʵ˵ϧˡ
ֿЦҲ, ҵһ죬˺ܾ, ֮󣬰Үᡣ
ȻЦǸ£
̸վԱߵħʹ˸ɫħ峯ſ, ҪҸû˵ĵط
һɲǣصȴȻıǸߴʱԵСȻڿǰᣬͷ˵ϣ΢Ʊſȫڲϻɧζֵſ־壬߶µ˵ɱɱ
ҿԴȥ˹¶ҲҪƲĶҶҪˣɱ
ص»ĿЦݣŭҲ㱣
ص²˵ֻǱħɱˣǸˣǸˣˣʲôҪˣ
̣ô죿
ص²̧ͷ˵ȥǵļ
ȥǵ½⣬ɱֻˡ
ص£ǲǸˣҲ
صһֱڶѵ˵֪֪ǶңҲǸ׵Ķӡ
Ҳ뵱ϵĺҲðҮá
ҲãҵĴûйܺðҮдҲҵĴ
Щͷ۵ķû뵽λֵԭΪ˵Ժ󣬰ص²˵϶
̿˹ء
˹Цɣɡ
˹أȥƽһֳʳֻܵõӦõһС롣
ԶԲӣס
׵һ죬԰Үƽ񣬵ʱܺˡ
̣Ǿ
ص˿ͣ˵лл
ҲҪ
صһŭȣ죡
һѿסˣصŭ죡
ףҲеˣ֮ǰ˹˶һȻ͵ǱȷʵˣǶħ˵ǶãϢ˶ҹ
ħǵͷӦ͡
̴˸Ƿס˹ص֣ȥϢɡ
̵ȻڳǱסҲûиɾĴ˯ֻܻùϢ
ħǰõ˶ᵽһ󷿼㿴ܡ
ǽжҽУֽŶţֻܾĿߵˣȻŲ壬Աߵ˽һƺǾܵõһ㰲ȫС
ùһЩ
һȺһ𣬾ûô־ˣܱһԺڰá
ϣóˮ˿ˮߵħˮȥһ˸ɾ
תͷԼѣԼˮҵģҪ
ѡٺ١ЦʱŪˣ̫ܵˡ
ڡߡһܿʵڰ
ѣڣҪȥˣһǸϲ˹¶˹¶Ů˿ˣ
ڲţ¶һı飺ΰɣŮ˿㣿
Ҳ֪㼵ңԣǼʣŮ˿ɿ㡣
ܻҲҪŮ˿ңкӣ
ѣǶСӣֲǵġ
ڣŮĺӣҲǴħ塣
ѣ𼱱𼱣Ҫ˵úðԼһ£˵Ҳĸ񲻺õŮ˿㡣
ڷ˸ۣҿˣҫģ
·ħȻͣ½Ų˵һ䣺Ѿ˹¶ҫˣʱӶˡ
ڼʵĿҪѪˣǸŮһǸϹӣ
ѸһƣĹɣõŮˣĺӣ϶Ҳɰġ
ǲͬͰص±ڰصµķֻа˰ħ忴ǣħӰ޴ڸУܰԼҹУŪһ㶯һ
Ͱصµûб£ص²ҺУСʣ㡢𣿡
˺һûʲô˵ûС
ص˿¶һЦǾͺãǸǸرÿˣӦû˵ãɱġ
ص£㵽ôģΪʲôң
ص£ûˣҲûѣֻˡ
̲ס˵ҶֻΪ㣡
صʶǡ⣬û˻ΪҪôˡ
֪е
Ǻܴ
ص£ҲʺϵҲҮʵͦõģǸúÿ˵˹¶һ׷ӣԺҿܾͲ뿪˹¶ˣ˵˹¶ܺãвصļУкܶʳӦܹúܺá
ʲôߣһöͭҶûУôúã
ص£нأԼǮһд֣ửҶ㲻ҪСңҵѵҲ𣿡
ǰд֣ġ
صµҲǷ
ڰ˺ܾãصµٴ㵱ãôܸɣܹסЩˣ㵱
Ļ˵ˡ
ص£ʵҲܺãڰҮ˹¶ȰҮˣ˵˹¶ˡ
ʲô㻹ûȥ˹¶أ
صɵ˵ҪȥģӦúܿҪȥˣӦӦ

ʱ˹¶㡣صºظֱ֤ţֻǸ磬չ㡣
Ȼ˵ˡ
ص±űص¿ȻҲϵᡣ
ҧŴ
ᣬ취ɱ˰ص£صҲԲصµѶ
ûС
ȻܳЦص´Ҳ֪صϣΨһԸˡ
ֵܣһѪ
Ĭţû˵
ֱص˯˹ȥ

𣿣˯ţ


162 
Ǳﰲ˺ü죬Ǹտʼ, ˼֮ͱʵ, ǵ˷ͻᰲĳԷ, Ҫħ𣬾ͻԼҸ
ǷֻҪͲᰤ, ҲԺ󣬾ԶԷġء
²ûνĹء
̾žǡūԡ, ū, Σʱ˵Աܡ
޷ֿʱֻܵͷ, ӶԷİš
̲ΪūԣҲǶԱܣһжΪһ򵥵Ŀġȥ
Υܣڷ
ڲ
̸˹ʱ򣬿˹ػʣڣ
̵ͷĶﶼģţȺȺȺһ, ʶȽǿģǵĶ, ϻԱ
嶯ﶼʶĲοͬΪٶ
˹°ͣúȤ
˵ʵкôģǺС, ûҰ޺ʵëƤҲûצԼֻоһ𣬲бԼ
ڼУͬ¡
ǰѧʱ򣬾λʦرϲǿ˹ūԡ
ʱ򲻶ֻǾʦ˵Ĳԣˣ˽˴֮ףǲūԣ˵ıܡ
Ҳһ˲С
ֻҪǼ嶯ֻҪǸСĶﶼ
ԼǵһҪء
Գ̲ūԣҲūūԣ޷ʱΪԱֻӡء
ħǰѳĴǿҹЩ°Ǳ
Щ˵ȻǿṩģǴ˯ڴϣκͱ˹ӱħˣֻɪɪ˵ʲôʲô
ھһϵġ֮󣬳̾ͰǷ˻ȥ
̵Ҳܣħ岻ܵÿ죬Ҳá
֪ںڲԨ֮ô۾ġ
ǻȥ֮ĵһ¾ǽۡ
⣬̻԰صµջ˼ƽ
̻˱úܾõĹǡЩѾܳʱûлˣƽԼȥȻҲͲᡰТǣҲսӡ
Ͷˣʮ꣬Ѿ̬
ϾʱܻʮĻǹ壬ͨʮ꣬͸ʮࡣ
εûаѰصµǰЩҮ֪˭ˡ
پǹеһԱͲСʮ꣬˵һ긻ǿͣȴƼݣϼûһֻ֬ʣƤڹͷϣµλӣǴԼ̳еģûиĺô
ǸϺˣȲƽġТҲԸƽ
ڸ׵Դ֮£Ҳ˸ײˣĲ±ͣԺ󣬾첻ʳˡ
ֲԸȥѹѾԲӵƽһ˶ƤͷαеǱٻΪµĲ¶סˡ
ЩɥϾȻ첻ʳ˵֮쵽أ
ֻҪ»ڣôһϣ
һǰǱĹվԱߣС˵ҼҵʳѾԹˡ
ʬһӲĵͷҼҲһ
ЩãĿųǱķ򣺡ˡҪʲôأ
Ѿûȥ뷨ˣֻ֪ȥһ˾Ҫˡ
ˡ۾Щη˵׼ȥУȥ˹¶ȴá
˵ڰ˹¶ֻҪнţҵɣŮҲҵҺ˶ȥɻ϶ӡ
µͷС˵֮ǰһҸһߡ
ٵͷԷĹϵãҲԸ⻥ӦȥһİĳУ˵ǼٵģҪʵڻȥˣ˭Ըȥһ˽ĵطأ
˵ãʱһȥ
Ǻܿߵ˳ǱǽȥĲͣҲһģªˡ
Էĸͷߣһűƽ͸ûƵãһԷҲ˵Ҳᴭˡʵڳ̫ˣ
ԷƺҲԸǶ˵֮˵
˵תߡ
˿ԸԷıӰҲԸ⿴Է
ʵ̫ˡ
Ǳ쵽ǲź֪ķ֣Ǳʵ̫ˡһ춯ûС
ȻǱҲ֪˸ɻʱܻе춯ǴСᰲӡ
˾е¡
ǵעû̫ͣʱ䣬Ǻܿ챻վڴߵĿ⡣
ΪոǽѾˡ
ڲŷ֣ԭһ˻վڴߵ˶ǧ˹֡
ƺ˰Ƭ½гɫ˶ۼһ
Щ˻
ٹڴҲҳŲӣһɵȡ
ǿ־ļһʱȺȻ˽Ų
ǽŲԶС󣬽ŲأĳǱر
ʶĿȡ
߳˲Ǽеˡ
һľٶ۾
ӳһ޳ˣһɫۣһͷϵԺȫûһװΣһŻԵ۵˿ͣʮ꣬Ҳܶʮͷ߹ʱûܿκˣκƷ
ڣһеġ
˵Ŀӡ
ͷһ𣬵ûһ˸ҿֹ
̿ϣ̫Ӳֲõô˵Ƶĵˣһμ棬ҪһȽϺá
ҽһ¡΢Цſ̨վŵˣҽг̣˵¡˹¶Ͱ
ȫͷǵһƬհס
ǻû˵˵£Ͼ˵ǱȽԶͨŲܶһܶû뿪ԼסĳС
˹¶Ͱ֪ġ
УԭôҰʱǻմմϲİҮһҸĲ֪ǺõĳС
أ
ٰ֪Үȥ˹¶Ͱ
֪Ľˡ
̣ӽԺ󣬰ҮҲҽˡ
Ц˵һ֪Үʵҡ
ڹǲ֪ôʱٺȻʣ뿪𣿡
̣Ӧûᡣ
ЩӣȴʣΪʲôҪ뿪ǰҮǰҮ𣿡
ޱţĿȴ˱ɻ󣺡ѵΪҮ˹¶Ͱ𣿡
ʲôҲʲôҲһԹԵ˵ƽѾԲˣӶҪˣʳûֵأֵ⣬Ү˲ţһ֣ȴһӵĸɲҲԲ
̧ͷһôη壺ˣܰѰ˹¶ΪʲôܰѰҮɰ˹¶أ
ǰҮˣܸɻ
ûһ٣˵ĻҲ˵Ļ
ǲİصȥʲôǻŻˡ
ƽͬΪײ㣬̫ʲôȨ
ֻаصǿӲһ㣬ǾͲҮͲôҡ
ߺͻûдܰҮȴǴˡ
ﲻ˵ﶼ޲ðصȥֻаصˣǲӭµ˴ǴŢ
̳Ĭ˵꣬Ȼ˵ҼȻˣȻǳðҮġ
̣Ǵӽ쿪ʼͻήۣƽֵֵأֵص˿ǰ˹¶Ͱ
ǲ˽еˡ
̵ıҪǹУƽ񣬵ͬʱҲҪƽϸõӡ
Ժÿ¶õٸͭҵĹǮ
ð⡣
⹤Ǯɲ֮ͣǰֻʮͭҡ
̵°ͣǲǾٸͭҺܶࣿ
ûлػΨ˵࣬̾ܰǮ͡
̣Ҹô࣬ΪǵĶӣǲҪƽҪǮ
Ǻһϡ
̲ס˸ˣѡǣΪ˽Уо飬鷳ʧҲʱˡ
Ӧò˲뵱°ɣÿöͭҵĹ˾ܾ
̣ȥˣɲкý
̿ŵ˲Ӱʲôƽ񻹻кá
ǵͷսսĲҶЩһֱĭ
ºȻ㹻£Ͻڵ˶úܺãֹöͭңİöͭҲõ
̣ҲǽĶ˭ƽڱãƽϲ˭õǮ
Ȼⲻ˵ƽԸ̽˵ҪκһϽĹ£ڱ̫û̫Ҫ顣
ǳĬţֻöͭҺİöͭҡ
̣ˣǻʲô𣿡
ǲ⣬ֻʵˣںܶƽûǮٵͣҲ𡣡
ü㲻õģҲҵġ
仰һپ͵ͷĬĹȥ
һҲȥ
̨̿µЩˡ
ЩҲǲòãѾˣֻõˡ
ҲûʱϸϸֱͷЩǺˣЩƽĻˣֻš
ʱ䳤һ㣬ֳܷô
ڳǱһͨͿź뿪ʱŶǲƶϣƮƮ޷ŵء
ٻصҵʱ򣬻ΪԼһΡ
ȥǱ֮ǰ׼ϼҴȥ˹¶߰ûȥǱߵˡ
Үоˡ
Үоˡ
оˣ
վڼſڣľڻָ˹̧ͷһ̣ˮתͷֵ
ֶôְ
׷ӣӻȥѧİޡ
ǺҪǮİķ˹׳
һԿЦھǣķվǺӲ岻á
죬
򿪼ʱľǶڵϣһɷ֪ʲôɷʹȾˣסɷҲ
ôôడ
Ϊʲôôడ
ʵ٣ˣǻ˯
ȴֻӵ֣¶һЦްЦ˵򣬰Үоˡ
ԣɷôһ˲䣬ΪԼɷˡ
̫֪ԼɷǸʲôˡǸƸеˣھӼҰɥ£ܱھӿ޵ûҪңͷ˵ĺӣҪѶԷؼңöԷϴ裬ٳһٱߵʱҪԷõǮļˡ
ԴԽԽߣԽԽ֮ͱˣˡ
־ȫڷرס٣˾֣٣ң뺢ǣǲû㡣
ٺȻ޴סӣþȫǵĹͷײһ˶ۡ
ûˣ򡣡ЦЦеɵҮоˡ
򲻸Ҵ̼ı֪оˣоˡ
٣ȥǣ
˵ɿ֣󲽳ǵķȥ
ӣŮΪǣˣԵıȺǻ١
ɺӱסˡ
Ǽҵĺһûͷݻƣ꣬ţڡ
ŮǣԺһĻȥ
ٻؼҺûã궼ˣÿ궼лſںûʳˣ
ֻҪסַ֣ʳҪǮ
ǳɤӣһһΡ
ܳʱûһƽȥʳ
Ǻһݽǲȥʳȥġ
еӴˣǱƵ··ߵˡ
žǱƵ·ˣɷӵ͵С󣬻ؼҵʱ򱻷ˣȻҲûܳǰ
ˣһӣֻһ׳ˣֻҧصµصʱҪչˣһ˸˵ĻʹѹļѾֱˣһֱ;ۡ
ȥɷĸסһ־˵ȥǰƭȥ϶ɱ㡣
˵ȥȥ
ŹȣλƵߵſڣźԼЦЦѾˣҲûﻹҪ㣬ϾҪˣȥ
ȴһ˵ʳأֻõöҪȥ
ƺ׼Լ쵽ʳ
ôʳһȥ˵ôʳ
Ȼĸ׵֣һƵܳš
ֻʣ˿ıӰ
ĸ죬˫˵ˡ
죬ѵ˵Ҫǻزˣô죿
ףǾͰɱ˰ɣұϣ㻹Ҫչ˺ӣҵɣܳԺܾá
ĸ׳ĬţһԵϣһᶼûУ˵
á
ܣߵķһ㶼ۣƵĽк֡
Ҫȥʳ쵽ʳӣӣܸɸĻ
¶۵Ц
ʲôˣܵ꣬վڻǰ˫ðž⣺ʳˣ
Ʊһܿ췴Ӧ˹ڼ°ŵֺסַ֮󣬾ͰһװõСݸ
Ǵʳһ㶼ء
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ţҼĸˣ
ְ˵ּһ飬ָ
ŰҸ£ٶȻҵķƶ
ϵЦôҲƲס
ĴСأ
ֱеˣ


163 
Үкùìܺͳͻܺý, ҳ̲׼ı䰢Ү˵, ҮһũҵС
ôõĺأֵز˷, ˰áȻϸиŷΧͿ, ҪС⣬Ҫֲ
ڿ, вҪôֵ, ҲİѿŲҮֲÿд˵±Ƚϰȫ
ƽ½쵽ʳ, ǲ֪ڱǿӲǺȻķ֡
ܹϼӵӾͺãǳԹ˿ͷಢٸʵס
ҪصĶǼǡԲεĴͭ壬ִ죬һҪߣغ֪ٴΡ
ǹ̶, Ϊû̫Ҳû
٣һ겻⣡ڶգ
ٺɤӶЩ, óˮһڣż
ȥǼ仰
ؼң˴, š
ǸСͷԼ˲ͷͷףǿĵĻȴˣվſڣԥԥ֪òŽȥ
ŵˮʱӲ˷š
ǿ塣վ
ϴЦ
ҲȥˮҪԵ𣿡
νĵģҲǼˣҲ˵أ׼͸һµظɻȥ
ٿڵɻɹµĻɺܶ࣬ÿµöͭҡ
ںǴ󷽡
ģ涼Ѻ˿ǵСһߡ
֮ǰӣڣҲ˷
Ȼѳԣܾء
ǿСٶ棬Ǹͷӣһ˳ԱȫҲⱲֵֻأٵĺҲˡ
һأ첻ý˰Ҳý⣬ʳȫԼġ
Ҫ꣬꣬Ϊʳˡ
Ժǽ˰һʣٰǿĵľ
ֻͷһأҲҪ
ǿһˮˮǾˮûȾ˿˿ģе
ǿ˵ллȻССڵĺˮ
٣ͷİɣ˰ӣÿĲҪһã˻֣Ҫܻͣ¹һʳҪֵĺãյĶ࣬˵Ķˡ
ǿ᲻ţôãҪ˷ô죿
ǰǸɻǲܸɶ٣һ̶ֻķġ
Ȼ񣬵ϸ˵ǰҮũū
٣ҲԺˣԺ˻᲻ᷴڣضǻģڲ⣬Ժڣǲڵʱ򡣡
ǿԺ˵ˣ˵ģе
Ա˵ǿ壬Ҫ˵أԺԼֶնˣҪյö࣬ˣ˵˹¶Ҫˣ
ǿɴ۾𣿣ҡܰʳүǣ
򣺡үҪԷģ
ǿһܳô࣡
ǿԼؿڣ̾үǣ̫ܳˡ
գǿǺ˼ǣСֻһˣǼǵĲôÿջʳӦ㹻ҡ
ҪǮȥһ룬ʣµҲˡ
õٸǿǧл뿪ټҡ
ݣһǿᣬһţΪ˲ʶ֣õǰӡķ
ǿڶ͸Լ⵽ǿءӲӵС󣬷紵ˣ뱥ˣֻǿŶϲ
ӽ쿪ʼؾ͹˼Ҵˡ
ǿᶯҪʱСʵҪ̫չˣǳǱġ
ûǿЧĳҩǵĳ淽ʽǳ򵥣ǰǿѳӺͳҳ
ַʽȻܰѳӶץ꣬ÿظһ飬ܼٳ溦ķա
ǿԺ￲ϣǿɹ̫ˮŵһߣżһˮʱڷһתͷ롣
ʶ˿ֵʣǿᣬôƬŪ˾͵ȥŪˡ
ǿӵϲҲ˷ڽץסһˣ
ǿһϲɫˣԺֻأ
һȥˣҪǸջȥô죿Ļÿõ̶ʳ
ǿԼûʲôڲţΨһŵǼԺã˵ˣҪջȥҲŻأӶҪˣôӶҵģ
ˣ
˵ĺе
ǿ᣺ˣ˾ˡ
˿ĭһ£ˣ
ǿɴ۾ʲôߣιһû˵ҵӳжأ
ȻԷ磬ǿƶԷĶ
ǿ̾˿ţãһҫ˳֡
µʱ䣬Ҽһ˵ء
ҲкܶûȥϾҮ˿٣ضࡣ
Լĺףȱˡ
˹¶ͰûˣǱߵŪҮֵأǾǲǽǽ
ڴϣ̾˿˶󰡣
˹أӱĳ˲𣿡
̣Ŷ֮ǰ˵Ҫš
ѡһֱûϹܼҴǼͽܣڻ˹¶
̣Ҹܼдţ˹ȥ
˹صͷϲָһУҰĲӣԹûʲôȤ
д֮󣬾úڴ˻ȥڻȥͲˡ
ߵʮֿġǲΪЧңܻؼҴӣҲܺá
ĺǲ֪˹¶ôˣûб۸
Ǹһﲻ֪᲻ӣСĺӻҪأһ㶼ӵĳĴ
ú֮͵ߵߵˡ
ħ嶼ûоֻ˹¶˻ħ張ʵҧ촽Żźأ
λħ壬ڳ˰֮ڹ˿˹ء
ڿ˹ǰͷŵ棬ֱ΢˵£ҡ˹¶
˹ϣûڷڷֻˣ˹ûʲô飬Įʣɣ
ħ˰ٷ֮ٵС˵ӻźӣһסΣգʳϲԷʷʵ⣬ʱ򲻵һҪȥץҲºڡ
߶߶˵ŷԼ˵Щʲô
ħ岻̧ͷȥ˹صҶ
֪ԼոΪʲôôĵӣ
ħ˺ܾã˿˹ص˹ص᣺ӡ
ħ˿æ˵ǵģ£ǵģкˣҵûȥչ
˹Į˵ȥɡ
ħһ㶣ˣô׾ͳɹˣ
˹أ˵ڶ𣿡
ħˡ
ֻʣ¿˹ϣԼ°͡
ȻЩźӣôǵĺҲӦмˣ˵·ˡ
Ҫãӿ᳤ܻ̣ɫ۾ɫͷСֽаְ֡
˹ҹ͸¡
˹ضͷûհ
ˣοǶˣΪʲô
˹أһ㶼ǳܵǷ
̲ΪȻ֪𣿺ǹӡ
ӿɲɡһ˵ȫ¶ḡףûԲ¶Ҫ£ܾҲܾվ
˹ȴ̵Ļѳ̱һֻų̵ĶӣȻǳ̾˿
̣
̣ҪʵҪӣǾȥһ
˹ص°͸ڳ̵ļϣҪ˵ġ
Цˣǲ˼
˹̶ϵ⣺ûϵ
ȥ˹صգ㹻˰һ쿪ʼעĺӡ
̣ҲС
˹غȻѳ̸ס
̿ſ˹ص۾ʲô
˹أԡ
Īʲô
Űѻ˵꣬ͱ˹ضס˴

ţܺã˹ظͲ̸ӵģ
Ļ
࣬ز֮ƽҲָ˻
˵ǺʢģֲܲãѸӦڵÿ춼ͷɻڴջ񼾵ʱ
ƽí˾иջͲõˣԺ˵׼ʳǿ϶Լġ
ͬʱܼҲһС˳ˣЩ˸ǵĶȥ켣ڸ
еĻֱӵĿһ׷ӣеǼװ̯ȥ̯
˹ؾеһŸʮ꣬һϳɵ˵ͣ󲿷˶Ϊʮˡ
˹ؾѡڼ̯ȻеļſһΣʱ䣬ҲķӴˡ
ǶƽʳɵĶܴźܾãԼ˹صһֱܺãÿ춼п
Ҳһλˡ
ǸĸˣĹҲôʣǸŮ
ڼԺģշѺֻܵͣٵǮ˶ҲˣοŮˡ
ҵΪĹ
𣿡˹ذŴ򿪣˽֮ȥñ
˸˹ѾˣϣЩĽá
ĲһۣĿµģûжĲȥڣֻú¶
˹ذѱݸͬʱʱˣ˵ȱߣҸ㵹ˮһСġ
˸æãֱ˹ذˮŵǰٰСø
˻ǺĽ費Ҫ˰æҺܸɻġ
˹أһ˾͹ˣҲæ
˵ľɥۿɼ
ŮһǺΣյģû֪ܲпˣпˣֻ᲻˺
ÿ춼мŮʬͷԺӳ
ûκΰȫϣҲûͬ飬ǻˡ
˹أ֪ȥҵûΣյ֡
˵۾ˣ̧ͷ۾գҲգؿż˹أ𣿣
˹΢Ц˵Ȼģĸ巢ģҴӲ˵ѡ
ˣ֪˹¶˲ʥ飬ŵĸ˹¶˵Ǽ·̵ĳУһ硣
˹أ˹¶ͺȱˣ˻Ůˣ˻СܳԱӡ
ɵˣȥ˹¶
вУҲȥ
˹غĵʣΪʲôȥԸ˹ȥǴǲǮġ
һ˵ҡҴû뿪һӡ
ɷСԺȥˣѵӣзסҲڻôѡ
˹ȰΪ˺ӣ͸ȥˣ룬㺢ﳤԺܸʲôأ
˹أ㲻Ҫ˵ѵĺӵм𣿡
˽ҧŴ֪˹˵ģѾҪˣ˵ĶҪˡ
п˲ǮԺҪȻ
һûʲôŮˣôأûԺֲҺͶԷƴֻԼ뿪
ĿȻĲӣöͭңѾѵõĺˡ
˹أм˻ǼŮǻģڴźȥ˹¶ҸĹúкܶԻ
ĺҲһǳˣǸ⣬ϴȥƶһܲĻ·
˹˵㲻ΪԼ룬ҲΪɡ
˿ĭЩԺ뿪ԼأͬʱҲ˹˵ûд
ҡȥүǡСʣĲҪǮ𣿡
˹أҪҲһȥʱңͲҪǮ
ǧлǸˣ˹¶ҵһΪ
˹ذڰ֣ˣҲʥ飬ʥ鲻ҵġ
С˵ĸ
˹ظˣǾллˡ
뿪֮ûãпˡ
ǸϿͻ˹ذѲظһ֮˵һˡ
ʵﶼı䣬뿪ģһֱ¶˾ϾϤĻҪȥһطǲȷԼϺӡ
ʱҪһ˹һһѣ¶ġ
˹صҹ֮ŵϵƣóԼСӡ
ν̶ӾԼĶ飬żԺþ䡣
˿ڡ
ڲּ֡
¿Դʮߡ
˹Щģ̫ˣ֪һ˵һ¾ʹȥˣ
˹ЩǷϡ
ܼ뿪ǰ˵˭࣬˭ܱŵ˵ߡ
ǵ˵ߣܳΪ˵ͣ
ϾںæѾ޷ǰһȫĶͶ뵽ˡ
ͣǣ˹ز
ô궼ûͣɼԺҲûʲôϣˡ
˹ԼԼúܺãǰкܶ˿˵Ȼ壬мĻͺ塣
Ƕˣ˹һȭͷøŬУѾȫѹȥ
뵽ˣ˶Щ
Ϊ˵֮ڴߣΪ˴һЩˡ
ʱǳ˵İ⣬׽ˡ
˹صͷдʵظԼҿ϶ԣǿ϶Ȳҡ
Ҫ˶С
ֻվλ˵ߡ


164 
˹¶Ľֵҵ, ǵһӪҵӡ
ƽĳ, ʱҲûʲôգûֻ, ˵ҵֵһ¡
ǴϺ, ǮȺӵҵߡ
ȻҲ֪ҵֶЩʲô
, ûԸ
ҲȺ֮, ǣԼӣȺж, ˹¶ĵڶܣͬ˹˵Ѹҵ˹ΪǸ˹¶ˣҲ⵽ⷿ˲˵ռ仹Ȼֻһ, ԭϼסô
ڷܶ
һϴ·ÿֻҪ·ϴɾõǮ, Ȼر࣬㹻һˡ
ϴ·ϰǶ˼٣ҵǸ, ǵ˶ƺڿ񻶡
СǣźӣЩģҲЩ£Ͼˡ
ҵֵʱֱԼǰһĻģҵֵÿӶ㣬ÿҵĻǶһģһ·϶ЦݣЩﻹŮˣŮ˺һſӣû˴ȹӣкſˡ
Ǽйɣһɡ
дӰǣӲǣ
ҼҵĲϣǺӣ޲
ÿҵſڶŻһ鿪ŵĻӭչǿۣҲæýŲմء
ȵĿһУɵɵ΢ţֱС֡
Сҧָſˮ裬ǡ
ŴûǮ
ȻԤ֧˹ǮѳԷͷǮٿֻʣʮöͭˡ
ܹãǡ
Ǻݳ޵ģϼңֻǮ˲𣬾ɷ򻹻ţһʱ򣬶ûԹǡ
к˵ĻĻæһЦݵתͷǸŮƣð׾Цǳˣҵһ죬һöͭҾһӲǣֻнŶԵĻɣ˹¶Ǯ
ŮЦݺͻƻˣ˿ĭС˵ֻš
ƣãȥá
ȻֻӲǣơҲ÷ûֽˡ
ֽҲǴӰģֱֽʵһöͭţۡ
ݹȥöͭңȻ˺һһǡ
ȥС˵ԣҪҧܳԺܾá
ͷӱСӴ꣬£ǵݵߣ裬Ҳԣһһ롣
Ц費ԣ費ǡ
Ӿ㶮£ҲµĺޣɻĿĸףƺĸ׾Ȼǡ
ǻǽ˺ӵ
ڻʣ¶ʮöͭҡ
źǼ䣬Ȼ䵽˿ŵ꣬ˢһͣ죬Ȼһϣζܴðֶŵ
ƽڲȱǮˣ˳ӡ
ûΪôֹͣøˣ鿾һöͭң鿾öͭңԽ͵Խ࣡
ñˣ
ӶǺñˣ
ҪöͭһأʲôûУûҲûϡ
ʲôûеĶҲ
ͷۺǣӶͷ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
һģһţѺͷⶼˣڻжʮöͭңٻöҲжʮöźǿʼ˶ӡ
˺һֵˣõĶûֽƾʵƤװá
˰ƴĶɢϺԼζ滹ǩźȥԱû˵ĵطһһڳԹ˲ż䡣
ܾûôĹˣصңȥʮöֻͭʣ¶ʮöˡ
ÿϧֻʮ㣬붼
Ķ̵ǣǻһϣһҶƵģе𣬷ǳúȡ
Ҳ飬Ϊ·в͵Ϳ
ҵ˾ΥĿ֡
ڼĴϣ§Լӡ
ǻ۽¡
裬컹ȥ𣿡
ǣֻʵʵ˵Ŷֻ¸²ȥˣǮ¸ǾܳԸóԵġ
ԺӶԣ¸¾±ôԶ
Сӱſĸ첲裬ȥɣ
Сӵ֣ûжǮˣǮˣǲȥ
ûǮ˼ҿɲǡ
СѹĳӣҲǮǮǺͶԡ
ӣҲǮ
ǻǮǳͿˣΨһҪģǺúó󡣡
ҪҪԵ
ǸʱֵĹ͸ģİͺӶϲҶԣÿֻһ죬ô컹ûл
СԼԲĹĵĶӣҲԱˣٳ
Ҳ˵Աˡ
ԼҲĸڴϣŽıޱ˯һ
ҲȥˣҪ˹¶һ˹¶ˡ
ֻ˹¶ܰԼĺǸˡ
˵ҵһʵˣ齨һͥ
°ʱ䣬÷ȥ˹ǸŮˣǰǸŮ껻˺ܶ๤ȶ
ƺۣǮܶ࣬Ƕɵģϰö࣬Ҳ࣬ϰ٣Ҳ١
Զƴ캰ôãҪҶݵˮɤӣȻɤӾˡ
÷ȥˡСڵſڵ÷
÷
СӸ÷ͬһְڱЩСȻ÷кøУ飬ÿ÷ϰ°࣬Ϣʱȥڸ÷һӲǣ̸õľ׶Σ÷ܺͶԷĹϵ
˵ҪˡСӸ÷˵ĻϢڳǱͣ˵ġ
÷۾𣿣ǿ̫ˣ˶뿪óʱˣ
ȻڵʱЩƽҲֻҪڣǾǰĵġ
˲ڣٺǶ
СЦ˵ǲϲˣ
÷ЦȻϲҪǴܿңԸ˵ˣ
Сӷô죿Ҹˣǿ϶ġ
÷ˣ˵ʲôء
СӺٺЦȴ˻ˣǾȥͻɡ
ͻָĵȻȥÿǱţѻ͸̡
ȥժ޵ҰȥҶӣ󣬰ѻڳǱĿյϣʱյؾͻɻ
ƽǻԶȥάʻʢš
ֻҪվڴڣܿ
ƽǶİ⡣
ʱѾˣ·ȼŻѣѲ߾ɺ֣лûţϲʱȥԼᡣ
ֻǹߺܰ׳ԿԼԿҲ
ǣǰ칺
ֻ˲Żϳɹ
ҲѾ׼̻˹¶ˡ
ҮȶĲ࣬ƽǶ⵽˵أΨһûйһеˡ
ȱ˲šڴϣԼʮֱҡ
˹أӰҮһ
̣ûѡ
˹سĬһǸ˹Ĳ
ٰ̣ɣ
֮ԼǵˣΪֵǵһȫصģ̻רŴһ¡
Ҳ̫ȷǸĳˡü˲ܹܺһǡ
УҪǹأٿ˵ģƻ˹ؾ͵óͷ
̵ĵϺˣһˣͰѹ׵һߡ
˹أħء
̣Ǿһԡ
ٱеǱ̵ĻԺ˶ŵòɵˣٲλ˻ҮһУ£ֻһ΢Ĺ¡
ˣҲܡſھƴǡ
ȴ˵ֻһԣɲãһˡ
㲻Ϊɣ͹ɲá
̣ѰҮļңӦϣãԽԽá
ټֱ֪Լô뿪ǱصҵģһؼҾͰԼڷôûлӦ
Ү
һ뵽ʹ
ڶ죬ǰ˳Ǳʱ䣬ҪѧϰƶйأЩغܶ࣬򣬶ֻӲ
ˣҪһЩС¡
æýŲմأһºʼŹҮˡ
ЧرãҲûʲô
С˿ˡ
ϾƶĹضƶˣֻҪչҮ졣
λһٶħڰҮ䵱Ү
˳ල١
ħɲᱻֻ̻㱨ʵ
ˡ
Ϊƽ֪Ĵڣûдģֻôģô뿪
û˻֪ŵǰҮ
ص˹¶Ժ͸ôūˡ̿ڿ˹صĻ֮ǰ͸ýģͳ˰¡
˰Ǳߵ鷳˰Үū¾ϵڡ
˹¶ѾӣӦðѵӴòˣ˹¶ūÿɲ̫ãֲԸ뿪˹¶ֻҪһСĴ۽ū
̫ˡ˹Щ۳̡
ס˹ص֣ʵ׼嶼һ𡣡
Щǳ˵ֻô㣬ֻҲвԽԽͶܱø࣬ѵ˱࣬гŻơ
߶߶˵һѡ
˹ֻǰš
·ϻ˺üʱ䣬ڵ˹¶ʱ򣬳˿·ζãֻصǱԼɾ͵ĴϺú˯һ֮ܳԵʳ
һʵ޻ô˹¶·ϵ˺ԾĹܵһߣԼײϡ
Դ·֮ڳﲻɳǶܵľͲôԶˣ̯Ҳꡣ
̰ѳƿһС죬͸϶ȥ·ߵевƽһе̸Цеڸ·
֣˹¶ĳ̯ǰ̯ż߹̯ҲָТǮ
һͦгɾ͸еġͷ
˹أЦ˵е㽾
˹̵ͷǸýû㣬˹¶ûн졣
̱˿˹һ¡
մʱ벻н죬ʱԸǲҪԺҪɧţҪ
ҲԼж˲Ŷʮһ͵Ľվھ˵ļϣһˣһʱ˵ڻ𳵶ˡ
ҲԷƱܸоԼڽ
Ǵķʽǹеķʽ
нǺõġ
ͣ˳ǱԺ̺Ϳ˹ֱӻ˳Ǳ
Ǳûʲô仯̲ڵʱйܼҹǲġ
̸̤ǱĴţܼҾѾſˣ׵ķ˿Ȼ·⣬ܼ̾Ҿͷǳӭ˳ڳԱߵĿ˹ء
ܼҵͷ񣺡ˡ
̰ڰ֣ˣ
ܼҸ󣬸ųһߣһߣܼһ˵ˣӵ֮Ҿȥˣ˹¶ǧˡ
̣ôࣿ
ܼң⣬кܶġ
̵ͷ˹¶һжˣ
ܼѾһˡ
һˣ̵ĽһĿ껹кܳһξ룬ʣūأ
ܼѾǰֱ˵ūˣĬ룺ūӦһǧҡ
̣ǲ
ܼҵ۾һתˣǿˣҸġ
ֻˣ򣬲Ȼױ˹¶ֹ˿ڡ
ʥԺ֣ЩǾͻԸ
ǲƽ˿ζϲԼصԽԽ١
һֹ˿ڣɵвǾ޴ġ
Խ࣬Ŵ̵ʱսԽࡣ
޴вߣǾӶٴ˶ܷ֡
ˣ
ܼңһᣬԱ͵һᡣ
õԴ˵õĶ˵пޣԱ͵ͲͬˣǮİ취٣ֻܳƽ֣ϵѹեƽ
Ƿѹեƽõĺô΢΢ƽȴܵõ޴棬͵͵˾Ͳˡ
ҹԱ͵ǲƽġ
ʱҲûˮܸۡĵ
򴽣Ҫȥ棬кʵ𣿡
ϹܼС
̨ףʲô֣֮ǰʲô
Ϲܼң˹أĶӣĸѾߣӴ˴ȥ֮ͻǧˡ
̣ô
ϹܼЦԴĹ
üҼ𣿡
ϹܼңûǶ˵ûҲ
֪ϹܼҪʺƨˣæֹססȻȥɣʱɼħ屣
Ϲܼħ֣ϵЦݾЩӲĵص˿˹һۡ
˹ֻû
һֻѾ˼ƽϣοϹܼļޣҲֻĵһۡ
ϰ֮󣬿˹ػ΢Ц
Ϲܼҿ˹صЦݣһ֮תͷ
ÿ˹ԽԽѳˣ˾͸úúýѵѵ
ϹܼС̾˿
ʲôʱ˲ֿܷ˹Ǹ꾫أ
ôˣ˾Ȼû壡
Ҫˣתͷܸʮ˸С
лҪ˵ϹܼңҲ˰ħˡ
˹أ^-^


165 
ص˹¶ĵڶ죬̾ټ˴ӡ
ڻǰ, ʶһ, Ͳ󣬱ȳ̻С, Ѿǳȵĳˡ
ιûдԼС࣬Ƕһ˽Ǳ
Ӵ˺ܶ, ūǼȲԸ뿪˹¶ֲΥ̵, ǵūȥ, ҪǮţ챻Ʒˡ
ūҲó, ūǮ˸ǮūǮӲͨ
ƽûʲôǮѹβǮүǾͱҪʡҪĿ֧繺ū
̿ӵʱһ䣺ÿˡ
ÿˣʱԺ˶˱仯ŵ˰ͦأȹͷ˺ÿࡣ
Щ, ͷС˵˸ÿ
ƨĻô
Ҳ⣬Ͱ, Ȼʣūôˣ
̧ͷе㽾˵ˣǱˡ
ӱϾǳ̵, ߳ȥÿūţūٲԸ⣬Ҳֻܻϲصذӭȥ
һؾܾūҪǰͷūǿȻҪϡ
ÿ춼һȥݷãһ춼ţʱūǴЩɺɣҪҪŶԷȥ
ʱˣūǶҸ˵ˣȻÿȥʱЩ˵ū϶ˣǻǺηĸ˵ūǲɵǿˣūֻҴǣȴɱǡ
˱ĸоūǴδġ
ǻӴܶ¡
ǰҲūͼū˯ӶûУֻ¶ϯء
ˣӾҡһ䣬ص£ԼķӣвƲҵ
ڳȥɣūֻܶЦӭһĻ˵
˵¾кܶఫˣţͷ˺͵ؾо顣ӻһĸ˵˵µ£˶һһһɻһȾơ
˭Ҳῴ˭ûūÿ˶ƽȵģ˵񡣡
ÿ˵ūǶ׷ʣΪʲôûū
ҵ𣿡
ΪʲôҲȥ˵𣿡
еؾСסӵȣԸô뿪
Ѿ˸Ĺˣ˵ѾΣеϣūǻָɣ
֪ūʶô󡪡ǵĸūǻܸʲôأԸūҲ
Ǹ֪ô
ÿһūһԼƺΪūˡ
ΪǳΪūʥּ⡣
ҪΪūǶôĴڰ
˵꣬΢Ц˵Ҳʱˡ
죬һټū̵ºͣȴ䣬ǽ֮ҪūϽͷ
æ˵ķԸˡ
ЦԷ𣿡
ӡһ׻ôȻ˳ԷϣҲȷʵˣΪ˲ڼ̵ʱ򷢳ŵúͷƨ֮ǰһҳԶڳˣҲûӣֱ˵ûԡ
̣ǾһòͰɣš
ڰȵĳռֱˣýͺϰƺãȻƽ׹壬֭ˮ֮Ž䣬ĳƷۣ̾ͳԹˣ컹ǵĿţǴŹͷֿУ̬ôţҲûˣ̲ù˼
˵ֿгҲʲôŵġ
ǰСϺҲûùӡ
˹¶׸˵²ͬ˵µڻÿˣӱȵ׵ãȥ֦á
ٱ˵ĵ棬Ҫ۶ƽһʹ
˹¶Ͼе̣Ҽһе棬Կûƹ㿪
̺еź
Է֮ǰ̻˵£֮ûʲô°ɣ
ǲϹܼңϹܼұϾһֱڳǱĺܶ´ﶼ֪ǼϢˣ϶ʧ档
ӹ˵ûʲô£ֻǹ˱ˣʲôʳ
üͷ΢壺𣿡
ӵͷˣǸǵˣõĶǽͭҡ
΢΢üгˣ
ȻǺöĽ룬ͭҾͻֵ
ҵļֵǲȶģһ˵ͭ󣬵ͭټᱣһĹ
룬ͭҺܿͻɥʧ
Ǯ˵ûʲôֻͭҵƽ˵͵֮֡
ԭöͭҾܳԱöͭҶһܳԱʻǡûôͭҡ
̣ţԼǮˡ
Ȼ˵´죬Լͭ󣬿ͭߵͭңһ۾ܸʵֿͭ
ʱѡ˵Ҳδһ㿼ǡ
ͭúܶ࣬Ǯõһ
ͽ϶޷ͭȡ
Ҫ·̵ָڲá
Ȼ̾͸˹¶ͰаҮ·޺á
ֳгŪһ⳵Уڼ᷽֮ܶ࣬ԭ·̣޺·֮ﳵһ֮ھܵ
·ֱͨЧʻߺܶࡣ
ӶͲ̫ˣˣ·ҪܶǮ
кͳ֮ĵ··ɲһ·ǣʯȥ
мĵ·ÿҪˮƽǷǳĹ̡
ġ·ҲֻʥǸļС
̾˿ǮҲû취Ҫ븻·Ӷ
ӵɴ۾ӣ
ԭøԣ
̰ڰ֣˵˳ˣڲӣȽϺá
ôˣӣʮҲʲôչǺȻðѧңǰ
̿ϣ˹ؽȥħȥˣħƽʱĲôְżҪ湦
Կ˹ؽ첻һò͡
·⣬Ҫ԰̣˲ˣЩϾҪظɵūԭĹλЩˣܽһ˵Ĺ󡣡
취Ǵִѧģǰʱڸˣʱĵ֮ǸԲǣṇ̀Ŀǽ
ûйʱڰʱ򣬸ضңС͵ʢС
˹ǲģŻȶ
̺òװ˹¶ڵӣɲ
һĽؿų̣ˣҼˣ
һ
Ȼ䣬иֲʺƨһֱصû
ĻӴ˵ǻ༸ֿŶȡ
ذ֮ҪϢ
ҲɫһṼΣǣҲһū߳
̣
Ȼ̬Ⱥܺã־ܼᶨ
ʲôģûҪ


166 
գ׻Լһ·, űʯָ, ԼʹǰǱ
Ͱ˹¶ū, ƽɫײðܺԼ, ʲô⣿ֻټһȺСūţ˵㷢Ȩ, ڴ, ūܺԼᲢۡ
ү, ҪȥĶ
һ׷ײ
һתͷͿ˰ӲǼһЦǰүҪĶȥأ
ȥĶȻȥǱˣҪҡ
ǰŻ˼ҲϢϢ, ôżңҵûʲô, ˡ
﷭˰ۣϻһЦɣҲȥǱ, Ҳҹȥ
һ·֪Ҫ˵ʲô˵ˡ
ףԣá
ǱſԺ󣬴׺Ͱŷ֣⣬΢ͷūڳǱſںˣֻǽȥ
׺ͰһūæΧүү
׺ͰﱻӪΧ
һֱͬˮ𣬵浽ʱȴһǢαģ
֪˽ʲôиСūӲǺܴе㵣ģӦòǡʲôɣ
˳Ц㵨ôôС˻ʲô˴Ƣãο϶Ǹ̸ġ
ǣ˵Ҫ·ˣ϶ȱˣӦҪū
ˣûţͷˣȫЩõİ˺͵ؾ
֮ǰ취ϧһֱأһֱûܰѾˡ
ۣǴֱʣھ鲻˰ɣ
򣬻ˣǰһһҾ򵽣ʮöˣʮöĹǾƷ
һٶҪöңǮɸǰܱȡ
ƺūˣĻ
̸Цţûһūͬ飬ǿūѾˡ
ūǹߣǻǽǮһ̬Ψǻ۵ˡ
°˵ǿ϶Ҫ͵׼𣿡
ūǶЦ㾭еģ׼ˡ
׼һĸ񣡡
׼һ׽;ߡ

ȫֹأֵƣԺܵǮãӶС
ϵЦʵһЩ
ūڳǱſڵ˺һڵȵǽȥͣˣΪͣǺܶΪһͣһֱܿϵϲϾȥӴ˺ūǣūһزУˣ
ǰд˵ʱᵨӺߣѾԵʲôûˣߵūǰ̬ȶŵ˵ҽȥɣѾڵˡ
ūæɫǸ֮׺ͰߵߣСʵˣ֪Ҫ˵ʲô𣿡
׻ĸ˸ָ͸ס
һָͱϵıǺ򶨣Ǹոջ¸Ĳһ̸ū£ȱˡ
׺Ͱһ˿
ֻҪ鷳ͺãҪūǿ֮ϲˡ
ãܺã
ѵ˵
׺Ͱһģһһչǣȼˣ˸һȥһ
һ䵭ʱ˵ɡ
׺ͰҲ䵭̬ȣֻҪǵõϢС
οθڴ󣬸ܸṩϢ˿ɲһˡ
ߵȾͷǸһͽȥԼȥԱߵĴ̨
ѾһϣϾЦݣϸ硣
ǰָʲôö
ָóһöָʲôö
ϣҲܵǮ
ū뿪ķЦǲ֪Լĺùˡ
Ͽһۣɱ汻ǵССݴˡ
ЦݣһӶ˵ϸ磬𿴲ң㶫ҲֻҪģһöָʲô
ϣ֪ͺãɡ
Ⱥūע̵ġ
ϾҪΪˣʲô
ūǱһյķ䣬һӣһӶûУֻһխСĴṩŹߡ
ūǻûӦǽ;ת뿪˷䣬һ޴Ĺ˶
ô£
أ
ܵſڣʼͣţʲô˼Ҫǹ𣿣˵ĿˣҪˣ
ſڵͻһۣ϶ûʲô顣
Դӳǰ֮˹¶Ͷ⵽˹ܼҲҾ徵Ľ̵һһ£Ƿǳְˡ
³̾ǰɱˣ۾գһ¡
׳⺰ˣҪˣ
Ǻһӣһֱû˻ӦūǻһţɤӶ֮ŲòֹͣС
ڵϣһ˲Ȼˡ
˵ֲáֲá
ʲô벻ūæյǰү뵽ʲô
̧ͷȺˣֳһεЦݣʱ䣬ֻ͵͵ū
Ϊʲô
ūǣ˵Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪ĪľͲˡ
ûɣ֮ǰҶԸǮҲū
̾˿ǰ֮ǰҲôģʱߺеʱǵūѵûȥ𣿡
ūǵɴ۾԰Ȼĺܱˣȥˣ
˵ǵūȥǴ˹¶Ժ󡣡
ūǣ
ܣһūҪǶ֣Ͷˣûɣ
ǣūǮҲܵõôÿ»Ҫ˿ɶ˵ģﻹôǡ
׿ЩūǣƵ̾˿
ūҲǲҲĲŴ˵ĻǱҪԼҸŵɡ
ԸųбİţҲųҪԸǡ
˭Ҳ롣
׿ⴰ˵õҪĶ֮Ӧþͻˡ
ҪʲôҪǮֱҪѵǻ᲻𣿡
Ҳ֪ҪľʲôֻǾúĻš
ǽڣʰô룿
ЩĮһô룬˰ǹڳǱܱȹصãܱסһͲˡ
ףǰܱסһͲˡ
֪ҪԸˡ
벻ףԼ˳̡
һߣѾʼжˣÿ˴׼ҵĴţ׼ҵѾԴӺϤˣһûӵź󣬿ĲֹǴӡ
ӵվŵϰٺжȣޱ飬վıֱ
ǻûӦӾѾһۣȥ
һȺ˺ƺƵҡڵ߽˴׵ļҡ
һʼ
Ӵˣүûܽȥ
ˣǰɣүԺҪ
ȴǣӽ쿪ʼûдүˣǻԺҪʲôɡ
仰һǶɵˣվһߣ㶵Ĳ֪ʲô
ӳŹѺūǵĵطȥϤ˲֪ٴΣ֪ū
֮ǰҲ֣Ϊʲô˲ֱץסūٰūǷų
ڴӶˡ
ҪūؾȥʵӸūǣ²ūҲ·ߣ֪ôдأֻҪŴӣѧŴӣǾܵ
Ĵڣǹūվ
ȻһʼץסūūųԼҲվҲ뷽跨ļū
Ӿǵķ򣬾ܿϣ
ūġ
Ӵ˹Ѻūǵţ˲ŵūɵź档
Ӵˣ
ϤӵĵؾС߹ȥһס˴ӵȡ
ӻһȦЩūҲеһԱڣѾǲūʲôĸоˡ
΢Ц£Ƿ˵ġ
ˣ
֪𣿡
Ӵˡ
ӣӽ쿪ʼǾ˵ˣǿӵԼĲƲӵԼļͥǵĺӻ֪ĸ˭ϽͷԼǮ
ūǣŰǣһǡ
࣬ԼܲıǸһˡ
ūһ˵ꡣ
ǳĬ˺ܾã֪˭Ȼ˳
һ˲䣬˶
񣡡
ˣ
ūǴţЦţһһȷϵˣˣ
ӵͷҳɣҪȥÿһūš
ӽ쿪ʼǲ˹¶ū˹¶ˡ
ҪΪӣҪӹµߵĻҪ˵
ūǷˣǴӵŴӣߣţ޺ţŴһ˽ֵ
ֵϵ˱Ȼֵūһ
ôūŮ²壬㵸ڴϺţˣǸһˣ
ƽһǺܿƽôأΣյġ
ƽС̸ţҪΪˣ
ūҲܳΪ񣿡
ʲô£Ҽū
԰ûϵ
ܵҲͦõİɣԺһҪ˰ˡ
ƽʱʵģֻҪǵ޹أǾ;Բᷴԣο˵ľǵйҲᷴԡ
ӾôÿһһūţūӿϽͷһǡˡ
µ˹¶ˡ
Ǳ׶ͰҲվڴڿһĻ
׶԰Ц㿴߳ˡ
ҲЦһЦݣǸһ޿Ů飺ˡ
׶Ѿָò˹ԴܼԺ󣬾Ϳ׶ܲˬ׶Ѱﹴߣ°׶ӰҲɴӣǸգ׶һѵ׶ڸǿȵѵֱƯòĽ𷢾顣
˰ϳˡ
Լĳ׶ˣﳤˣҲֵĺƯǷ֣Ƿ
֪Ժ᲻оڽϡ
׶϶У˵¾о壬˵Ѿʼˡ
ԼƷõ¶ˮļ۸߰һ͹ϰꡣ
׶˵ʱ򻹺ĽȺʱ֪ԣǵôơ
ﾪȵľȥ
׶ܺõģܶԤ
￴׶׶ҲŰˡ顱
ҪȻǡͬ
ȻһЦ
ɫҲưɣܲһֱסڳǱ
׶ףԣҲһֱռ˵ıˡ
˾Ҫ˹¶ˣһԼľƳ
Ǳһˣ˹ڿдĳй滮ѾϺ຺ܶˣֻǷ׼дû⡣
ҳ̻ͼʮֱ⡣
ｨһ԰̣԰ﻹߺʳĵطһЩƷ
ƷǱȽϰĵ֮ģôҪ
˵ҪһãԺҪġ
ҪһԺһ˹ָ꣬Ȼգգ۾ſ˹ؿԼ
˹عȻûóʧų̵΢Ц׳̵촽ѵˮһ㣺ô
̵ӣǱҲҪάˣ֮ȱ֡
̣ûϵѾʷԵһԺصūҰԲˣ
ūͶͶǴ̼ггԷչľû
̣ūǶҵӣûȥЩūˡ
˹̧ͷ׼ôǣ
룺ûá
ճԭ뷨ūǲܻġ
ԺܻҪūһū֪ɱūǻ
ūǮҪҲǼ
ʿ˹أʲô뷨𣿡
˹΢Цʲô𣿡
㻹ҪҶˣô㻹Ҫʲô
˹ȻʧЦ˵Ķԡ
˹أи顣
̣ʲô飿˵ɣܴӦ϶Ӧ
˹ץס̵󣬰ѳ̴ԼĻڳ̵Ķߵ˵ԭͣ
̣
˹أһᡣ
ץϴû׼е̣
˹һ޹ħ˵ġ
̣ǸоҲ֣ر֣
ҵҪܳʱջȥڼֻһֱһ
һðɣҴӦ㡣
Ȼ֣ǡҲǺܴ̼ġ
˹΢΢͵ȵè
ȥʥԺ˹ظ˳̽취ķѾĸˣа취ūġ
ķۿžҪʥԺС˵ĹһˣȻڳǰúñֻ֣һֱûлᡣ
̣ԣҰˣԿԣķҲǸˡ
˹ĿĿ
̣ôҸҲ˵ģڣ


167 
·ˣ
ιǮ࣡ǧᣡ
˹¶Ľͷ֣ūϽͷѾ˰, ԭūҲס, ǳ޵ķӣܱ, ҲѸҵ˹
ūǲýһµķ⣬ֻԤ֧һֹǮԷ, ǵһ·
˹¶ͰԼҮĵ·
һϺõ˹, ÿ, ˲ŻūǶԹӶð, ɵöö࣬ɵ٣ūǣҲڰǴðԺڵ
ūǲ˿ģǰǳҪ
ЩūֵİãĻūū
Ϊֵ, õūıӺͶ䣬ͱūĶ, ūĳӡ
Сū꣬ǷֲŮ, ûгԵó͡
ͻᱻūķȥ
̽д͸
ū˯ˣǲܽ׳ĳ
͸Сūģܶ඼ڡ͸
ʱͶʱǲƲʱǳĵߣʱǶע
ڣˡ
ǿ԰ͦأµˡ
ؾūеһԱŸ֪꣬꣬ԼľͣڸĸһϾĸӶ֪صĸ˭
֣ҲĸӳΪԺĸڽ֡
Ȼˡ
һڣؾ֪ĸҪˣ϶ӣѵϵȻĬš
ֻʮԾͷȥֱĸס
űƿˡ
ػû˾ȥ˽ĸ׵Ļ
صĸǸŮؾϺ϶ûʲô⣬ȫƤĺ¿š
һѰѿرգ˺һĸײ˵Է𣿡
عɵҡͷһԡ
ĸ׿佱ԣ֪裬ҪǶӶˣԼȥöԣȻؼңֵĿر˿Ҫġ
æͦԼС˵ֵġ
ԳƲң֣ĸ׽ģܸϤԼ֡
Ժһ֪ڽˡ
ĸ״ӹó˵ʵǿб
ﻹжģɺĿбͶܷźܳʱ䡣
ĸ׻ӹŪһЩ̲ˣ̲ںܱˣΪŪ˼۸ΣǺܿŪ̲˺ݲˡ
ݳִ̲࣬һԣҸ۾
شʲôĸ״Ӵͳ۵õĻֽ
ؼæϲĺǣӲǣ
ĸװǷŵϣ극͸ǡ
æԹԵԡ
ڿҪȥñʱĸȴֱǵóԷǰҪ˵ʲô𣿡
æ˫ֺʮ
ĸˣĸһͷ૵лĸʳ
Ȼǲȥñ
ĸΪǵûġ
ĸûнɣѾϴˣΪκδĸµ˶ƭӡ
⼸ȥʥԺķ
ķǳʶʱÿ춼ڶūǽٽūÿ춼Ҫڡ
ûжūǶĿ
ķ֪Ҳó̲ûжںЩˣūǺܲ
ÿֻܳһ㶹ķĵĿų̣ˣҿǽķԸ
̺˿ˮ˵ɣҪʲôô
ķСҾϽߡ
ʥԺѾܳʱˣһˣ֪·ʲôġ
̵ҲûŰֻǲѣʱһķϰ
ʮĹҲĸˡŻǼţҲֻԼ֪
̣šһԺҪţȥġ
ķлҾ֪˵ʴȣ߹󡭡
̰ڰ֣⻰ˣ˵
ķ
ƨȻĳƨһ⼸仰Լ뼸ʵѱȵ졣
̣ϻͲҪ˵ˣҷģȱʲôֱӸ˵ֻҪ֣Ҷ㡣
ķ˫ۺᣬһмòУһҪĶģ
̣ջȥ
ķգգۣȻ˻ȥ
̾˿ЩĴˣΪʲôͲʵأһҪײԼĺɰȻı£ǵ·;Һȱð
ūкܶдֵģж֪ʷġ
ҪΪūͰŪˡ
ȱȱʳȱǮֻȱͶ͸߶˲š
ϧͶа취ȡ߶˲ֻܿ
̺ȻһʦӦöʶֵģ԰ɣ
ķ˲˳̵˼ҲѸٵرŤʦܳȥ£һԺȴҪ֪ʲôʱɡ
ǲķ˵ǶɵģûָǺֶܶʶ
̿дϡ
վһĮ˵Ҳġ
죬õʦȫǱ
ϹܼҴһʱ䣬ǾˣȥԶأҲȴʥԺʲô¶ǿ
̾˿Լǲġ
Զǧ֮ʥǡ
ֵƽǵսľţʱʥԺҵìԽԽأüζ֣õƽ񱻾ȥ˶û˸
ƽ磬뿪ʥǡ
ʥǱϾסôȨƵүǣڣƽҲܰȫһ㡣
ҪȥطҲֻǱɱһֶѡ
߸ĳǱǽϵŻƣһ̨֮ȨλʱλһˣɫĳȹбϣǹĹùãǹӣһιĸףҲǴʱ˿̣ȨŮˣͷϴĺڣϴһ˿޵Ц⡣
İ취ϸ
վ̨µ֪ŭǰס
ƤֽƮƮ˳ȥȻֱڶ˷ң
óλڹףܸʥԺˡ
Це˵취˵ӣ﾿Щʲô
֪ôģǸŮˣԲ˳
С˵ʱİ취ʥԺǱߡ
󣺡ˣҿͷǹǣҪﶼЩʲô
˹ŵ̱ڵϣһأ󺰵֧ģ֧İ
Ǳȥ
ʣµͷȫڷ
󣺡ǻָָǸ׸ʥԺɷ򣿡
ҪǶ˵˭ķ롣
ҪЧҵľ˭
ŵҵѪҺǸŮˣҲв˵ġ
ҪңҵĹҡ
𣿡


168 
˺ܶลˡܼڳ̳극Ȼ˵
һ㶣ˣ
øЩ졣
ܼһ֪̰Ѹòˣѵǵ
ڼˣŶ, Ǹƶ, ܴȴֻסһСĸȣǲǸʥԺ𣿡
ʥԺҲ֮²ѡԮϾȵҰһͺ
˭סƶĵط˭ȥطָԣĵط
ͿɲûȻ, ϵ˹ˣϵ˹ʥԺԼ򿪹, ø˽
ܼҵͷʥԺѾˡ
ܼҵı黹Щ
ѡվ϶ѡ, ˵մȨ, ϾҲҵˣ֮»˳
̣˭ʥԺô, Щ˼Ȼ˹¶Ͳߣ
̻Ҫˣ
ֱɱˣҲԣе˷Ͷ
ǸɻɣҪǹԹԴ˹¶û£Ҫߡ
̿ۿ˹أ˹غһ̵ߺ̧ͷ΢Цȫɱˡ
̵ͷ, ȻֶԹܼ˵ôɡ
ܼϻοĿų̣Ŀʵ, ó̲Ĵ˸¡
ܼңģҿ϶źá
óһˡ
˹¶ĽֵϣʲôȤ, ڿˣҲڿ
ʲô
ضڲס
ûͦá
㿴ˣǹؼҡ
ڲ
ߣڰԱߵ˺
æתͷôˣ
ˣֵôûˡ
Щίû档
ԭסڸȵһСɽƶ񤣬һൽͷֳʳֻˮǿһ꣬ȥ˰ʳԺǼҸûҲ᲻飬Ļ˰ǴһЩˣͰˣΪȵδ
߲ΪʲôҪ
ҲΪʲôҪΪȡ
ûܹ뿪ԼĴӣЩӣȵ׶ĶȵĹ˭֪
ôĪǾҪΪˣ
Ĵү˵ĻҲҷĪ뿪˼ңĪĳΪʿĪĳΪ˼ϸ
ǵģǱɵϵ˹ǰļϸߺ͸һʮŵ˹¶ϵǮˣ·Ҳ˼ƥֻʱ˹¶ס취ŪǮƥ
֮ǰһֱڸ·ڳţҲֻҸùݡ
ЩȻ󣬵Ҳû̫ƽݣûʲôÿġ
һתͷԱһŮĿƵĿ֮󣬻ܲߵغС磡𣿽ҪҪȥҼң
һ˲ͺˣæ֣ӿŲǰߡ
ֻûؽֽ̯ͣȣˣ֥ըģͷǿĵģִ࣬ˣöͭҾʮ֥һöͭš
߿۸ոձ̯̳֥˿ĭ֥С֮ˮմ֥֮͹ըը֮ɫƣ֪ܴζ
תͷ۸硣
ܲ˵ûǮˡ
˿ĭԶ˻󿴡
п֡ѵģĸ̾
Ǯʲôãֶڱϣ˿ɲϽ֣֪ܲŪǮ
ڳһȦѲߣֱûϢʱ򣬾ǮҲûлᣬҰ
绹ڷһʱû˿סѾסһ·ˣãҸ˹¶˹¶еطǮ𣿡
ס˿׼ȥ㲼ϣò÷µİڵӴ˺ܶ࣬ôˣֻҪԷֶţĺ˵ŮǽҲ͸һ˳ˡϾǶҵ˹ͣǸһˣˡ
էһסȫļƤˣҪͷ̫˵üͷ壬ճȭͷͷ˵ȥʾǿйϢ涼С
ߣҲʶ֡
ǾҸʶֵĸ
ߣǶʶ֣Ҳ
̧ܻͷŰߣҲǲǣ
߱ǰһĻˡ˵·ʵǸƯŮˣƯŮڻ˫۷ĵ
ֵֺ˵ҲǹģĲʶ֡
ûһڣұˣң
ŤŤ󣺡ʲôְ
ʱ·ǿ׳Ĵסļӣʮ㣺˭۸㣬Ҹ
˲˰ȫУھӣΪ˿ʣֺǿ׳żһڼңʲôɲ˵Ļ趼ٲȻԼҵС
Ůˣǿ׳ҲŮˣͲκεִ
ߵĸŷִֵܵˣæѵܵϵȥȻٶ԰˵Բҵܵ⡣
ɫһЩҲû˵һˡ
æŪԼأıʯˣԼŮͲûбסʯǵսľѱʯˣǮ̣ЩƣǮǮҲ˹¶վĸȡ
֪ѾȥɡƱʯˣȻζŹ֣Ǻںÿ
˵㽻飬Ҳ˹Ϊ
ܲܳӣߵĸɸ֡
ߣҴûôÿŮˡ
ߵĸûעʲôǲǸˣ˵߰ɣȥʾơ
һ˾ͺƺƵȥ˸ʾƸǰΧȫڿǣʮˣ̫עĿˡ
ʾԱվһˣ˰һ˶ˣŰѸʾϵйϢϻҪһΣɤӾͲҪˡ
ã·˷ܵ˵һаöͭң
ը֥ܳʮˣʣöͭңըĶ϶󣬵ʳͱˣöͭҾ͹һСӱĳһ졣
ߵĸҲĶڸȻûùͭңһӣﻻҪȥأȻû˻Ǯ
⻹ǵһǮһ˰öʮˣǵǶһǮ
ߵĸ绹ǲģǱƭǴŵ˵ҪǲǮô죿
Աߵ˶Ц
˷Ļ
˿ǴٷǮġ
ǴĶģ
ľͶˣ˹¶طɲһ
ߵĸǵĺЦкغ𣺡ЦʲôҲ֪ôˣд𣿡
ΧҲ˳˵ݹսᣬһһĹǮ
˹¶вͬ
˹¶˲Ҹ¡
б˹¶õĵطˡ


169 
ڶ·ȥˣ˻㱨֮Ҳġ
Ⱥҵ˻, ͱ, Ǵ֫ߣǾ˹¶ˡ
̸ðͷ, ͱԼ뷨һ
ȻԼеòԼˣĻŵòС
Ĳ, żæŵȥҿ˹ء
ЩֻܶԿ˹˵Ϲܼ, Ҳû˵
˹, ׵ˣĺ, ԼûѪԵϵҲ׵ġ
׵˾һ˿ޣһҲù
ͣһǿϣһԴӳ̻Ժ󣬿Ͼһֱڳߣ³ߵþ, ˣҪˡ
, ȫǿһѣڳǱҲǺˣȻûܳ, еġ
ߵȺͶҲû
֪ùܣϾҲûʲô¡
ο˵ֻҪɵúãĸû
˹أʿϡ
ϣУ
̵ͷŲУߣУģΪУԳ˵⻹
һȥͿվȺеĿ˹أ˹صһͷڷɫķϵţ򵥵ָɾ䣬¶Ķͷüۡ
վڿ˹ضǰ˹˹ƽʱգҲôôЩ̹٣֪Լмˡ
˹ȻҲ֪Լ컹ҪһٶҧҲŸֵ˫Ⱥȣſ˹أſһ۾ҡҲòˡ
˹ȴŹ˹õǸֵ˹õľҪʧְŪˡ
ľõˣҲͱˣϿҪͱ࣬һѪܰߡ
˹صĶɣ࣬˹мܲסľľ˹һֵ֡
ʹĿҺۣġ
˹ջľûʲô飬ȴӺͳһӲס
˹˲˵ϡ
Ѿ˹ˣ䰲˹ǹ˹ǹˡ
б˹ģҲĸԸ
˹ȻҲ⣬Цһͷô᣿
˹ڴ֪µĻ߳ܵģ˵ˣҲĶ֡
˹ػһȦУϵ˶Ĭŵͷ
˹أսȵ𣿡
˴ŵ˵ǸȣǵȻòȵʲôǣ˱ȣһʮ⡣
ƨĵʮָȺԵø
˹ЦЦ˵ʲôƫͷͿڲԶ
˹Ҳѵˣľߵˣ
̹ǣǣ
Ƕ˹رת䣬ոջǺı飬һˣֱǴ绯ѩüҲˣ˶˸¡
ȣ˹Ҳֻסˡ
˹شߵǰת˹صüͷ΢壺ôֻһ
̣䰡ôᣬô׳ʵȿȿȡ
˹صüͷĸվڳߵĿϡ
æһȡ
˹Ҳû˵ʲôֻԼҲֻһ·̣ҪŰˡ
ԼǲùʲôãԨ֮µʱ·ûô
мҵˣٹӾͲˣԿ˹ס̵ѳԼĻ
˾ӤһǱߡ
˹ػ˵ȥͼ·
ҲֻǸոտôһ£ɤ˹ǹҲһЦĵͷá
˷䣬ÿϳȥٰŴϣֻг̺Ϳ˹ˡ
˹ظ̵һˮҲͳ̰ˮ˳òˣҲǲˮġ
һɵϰߣˮܷ£Ѳͨ˼Ķôʱȥ񣬿ĲﶬҪȡůҲҪҪǺˮҲòһ쵽Ҳøɻˣ쿳ˡ
˹¶Ȼľ̿Ķ࣬˻Ը񣬱˾ĺôǺǺ̴󲻴ҲͲôҪˡ
ǳǿҪˮҪտ˲ܺȣǲſʼˮǮˣȱǮſʼˮ
ȵĻҲǷ˲źȡ
ԼǰĿսĿʱôˮȣԭϡ
ΪˮԴȾҲǷϸ֮ԭ򣬱ߣʱİ취ֱӹˮԴ
ûˮһڣȻҲûˮȵĴͳ
йȲ趼ϵ˵רЩʱϵǻΪˮˡ
ͨҲˮȣʱִûǸֱӹˮ˷úȵȣͺˮȡ
ǻӦҲϰߺˮˡ
̾üȥ˹¶Ҳϰߺˮׯ԰ˮУطС١
˹¶ˮͲôˣҲǴ󹤳̣ˮܣͨˮ˵ƻҪܳʱ䣬ֻϰߺˮ
ӿ룬ʳ˻õģȾԴˮ
ӵѺʬ壬йˮ㿴ɾҲС
Լȵˮľ̿͸ɾɳ޲֮˲źȵġ
ȻԼһء
̶룬ڰԼҿ˹صԭˣڴߣվԼǰĿ˹أȻ˫ֱס˹ص˹ص
˹ء
˹üţ
ûʲôʣûоұˣ
˹ѵл˵֣ס̵°ͣʹ̧ͷԼȻϸ˵û䣬ôÿ
̵ɴ۾
˹Цôˣ
˺ࣺܶûʲôֻǾãԽԽûζˡ
Ѿ첻ܶůˣǰǱϹϾķò˼Ǹûо
²䣬һˣ
ֻǰƽֻöԷǸһˣȻòһǺ׽ġ
ڣƽֻǸƽĸ
˵ұԼʶˡ
˹ؾó̵ǳûеĪ˵ѵǰ𣿡
̣
˹ų̵ͷ֪ǵԺ㲻ʥԺˡ
ͷԣ˼
˹أˣ۽ˣµİ취ͱˡ
ڵλϣͲܲ䣬ǰһʲôȥأ
̰붮Ŀ
˹أ㻹ǰһûˣ̱Ȼ˻˻ʧȥһС
ЩҲͨˡ
̿š
˹أҪ˶ϺӣͱҪһżӲġ
ʱ򣬾


170 
̱˹ؿһʼ쿪, ͱеĿ
ֱѳ̡ĵڶᱳʹ
̲ܴڳǱϢ, ȥҩôˣҩӾ˹¶һϾ, רõĸֽǺש齨죬Ҳһ
ϾǸտʼҩ, ̺һըˡ
Ȼ֪ܱⲻҪܿƵķΧвضƺá
ҩĳɷֺܼ, ľ̿, ʯǣõǺںڻҩı, ɱǿֹ⣬ը̻
Ϻ֮һܱյĻһӣһлȥܲѸٷӦ, ɱը
ܱյĿռ䣬ֻܿȼ, ܱը.
õ̻ûҵֲñƤҲ, ̫ߡ
ƤЧ϶ߣ𻵣ٺãʱ䳤˶׷
̵ʱ𷿵顣
𷿵Ǹˣմ˵±ãԭֵģҲҲԿ˲ţֵֻܴһˡ
ϾйأҲҪϸ
ʽǰ̻Է˵һܻᷢ⣬ǿɲС⣬ýˣˣɥ
Ϊ˷ֹȥĶǶĹˣҸǵĹʶܸߡ
ͨһϰöͭҾͲˣЩһµĻʶһöҡ
̻Ǳ֤˲ˣһӣˣ̾ͻǼһʾ޿ʮöҡ
Ϊ̰⻰˵ǰͷ𷿸ɻ˶СģСĵĹͷ
ԵΪֹûʲô¡
𷿵İ˴ȥĿյأҪһҩ
ȫܣֻһߣر𳤡
˰ѲôԲըŵյȥȻóСصȼߡ
˶̶̲סϢ
Ǹʵ̫ˣù˷֣סˣһֵ˺һҪչˡ
ǻû֮У̣ôƻˣ
Ļһ죡
飡һ˶һ
Ȼǹǻһţרһûκȼ飬ŨʧǲſըǿرըһǺ̶ܴ˿ĭ
˼˵ǰƷӣͻըҩֽ㣬Ȼǽ¡
ܿˣ򲻵ˣҲû취빤̶Ʒӡ
ɫ̱ĴƮֹ˺һ˹ȥ鿴
̧ͷüЦû⣡رã
һ뻶
ֻҪܳɹһ¾öˡ
öʲô
ܶСһ»ûöأ
һǮһСˣ
һв׼
Ҳˣһ٣
лˣ
̫ˣ

ЩҲûܹǽ̵ô˵ô˵
ҲƽϣֻЦ˵ĶҪֿգպá
һʯͷҲ˵أ˻ҩը
˵ҲһСĴʮֹȻйʵǻе󣬳ڻûǹǹ掠ǿԿǣҲҪܳʱȥԣĥϸڣʮֹͷˣʮֹʹü򵥣ҳɱ󣬴͸ǿ
Զսʱھˣʮֹŷʮ־ǶͣҪʮֹʮֹʿĿǡ
ûе֡
̾Լ½ӦѾûеˡ
ǳʱװ
ʮֹ͵ʿǰÿ˶ֵֻ˹ûзֵǵõԺŪԼ˾Ͳˡ
θʾ׼ԼֲҪʲôҲ
˷źðӣȻվ̨ϣ̨һ˷ܺ涢ǡ
̶Ժ÷򣬾ȰѹҹڹϣٰѼŵʸϣ׼Ŀ֮󣬳̰סĹҵʸȥ
ͷлƿһ㣬޿ɵֵ
ֻʸаġ
̷ʮֹһתͷ̨µʿɵ㶵Ŀ
ʲôʲô
ôôɣ
ôô׼
ôô죿ǰӲͱ͸ˣ
ǣЦʮֹͨĹ죬ʵãɱҲǿ
̣ˣӦʲô˺
Ŀ˿ĭͷȥĹ
Ϊ˲ĵ̫죬⹭õǾ֡
һʮֹúܳʱ䡣
˵Լвľȥʽ̹١
̹Լ붮ҲҷԣֻͦţʾԼṼ˵Ρ
ϧûеطȺ֣񵶣Ͳǰ裬
ǸѾûǿˣв۵ǡ
ǲԸֵģ˭˭ӮƽҪꡣ
̱ϾĻûвпӲĵز
Ҫĸ۵֮ǰİһɱǾͺˡ
ǲ֪۵ĳǺ಻ࡣ
̨֮̾˿
˹¶ԶǱżǵǴŻӣԲǰǶŴһࡣ
ܳٱЩһĵϣǲָһ˳ͷ
Աæ˵û˵һ˳ͷǴҵ¡
ȥһԴ˹¶Ժҳ˿ܹˣƽҲ˹¶ܡ
ǺòãǲģֻǴǵ棬Ҳùˡ
Ҳ׼ˮ㣬Ǳ˵ҵĳֻмٸֳܷһ
һ䣺ˣʱ˹¶㲻ֺô𣿳ٸʱͷֵðɡ
С˵ҳǱС
Ҳó̫ģЦ˵Ҫ˹¶һģܲǲҪ
ȥġ
̫Ҳ˵ˡ
ȻҲƢ𱬵ģһվʹǧ
οǾͺãҲһǧӽǧ
ͷҲֻܸˡ
˸һճһˣܴճļˡ
սҲʮڣһǶһˣʵڲ٣û˾ǻ䡣
˹¶ȥһս顣дͳ񣬡ȻʱˣȥʥǸ״Ͳˡ
Ես˹¶ס浽ʥȥҲе
սд֮˸ȥ͡
Ҳܿյս顣
ȥʿСվ̨£ĶԷԼԼˡ
־Լغ£ô˵ľӣԷ϶£
˹¶ǮǮҲб
οԼ϶µġ
ϵ̿źһĴȣ˵ã
ɵˡ
̻һ䣺˭˭ӣ
лҪ˵̣ãǿ죡
&*&%%%&


171 
װΪ˲ս˵ͬ, ǵֱ϶ϵһɫĲ
վҲ, мǲ, ١
û취̫, ڳ̵֮´Ӹ뷽跨, Ҳֻٶƥ
ƥʵ̫ˡ
ս, ʮֹҪƽ, ҲҪҵ׼ͷʵ̫ˡ
һСûʲôڸеվ棬ǶİСİˣǳ̵ڱսҪը
һ㶼£෴ΪԼΪʿеһԱе
֤Ǹһˣս, Ҳܣ
ǶеһˣȻ, нʵļ⣬ڴģ, ֱۼʱܳƲϽֱ·ͦأվ¡
ߵİҲһ
ʿС˵Ҳսȥ˵ע
԰
Ӧ̧Щūĵλ
ССūūʲô
˾ǿǿ
ս϶Ҫǵĺȡ
ϣԺҪսˡ
İɣûã˿϶սˡ
ǶЩ۳š
ֻں˵ĿˣǵĽ졣
˵Ŀ޹ؽҪϾЩ˾ǵĵλҲǵδ
γûȥԱÿ˹ȥ
˹ɱ˵һѺ֣ݽ
̧ͷ̧òӶˣڵȵ˹˵
˹ŴĿĮҪˡ
˼ȡ
˹ǺȻֿһ̵Цݣɱǡ
ʿ˹ؼֱ׵Ļƻˣǲͣظţɱǣ
ɱǣ
æվ̨̨һ졣
̲Ͷɱ𣡡
ʿɱ˿񣡡
ʿǣ
ûãûϵǽá
ʿǣ˵
˿ȻźͿ˹һ̨
ûˣ̲ץס˹ص֣С˵ɱҪȫɱˣԺûͶˡ
ȻͶͶֻƴһ
̾˿ݣʿ֮û˽ģֻǸĵûԼ˼룬ܲͱˡ
ɱ˷²֮µѡûѷ²ͻعҲûѷ²Ƿˣ֮Щ²صֻΪǵĵˣߣûôݣԼʿҪԲˣܵ˷²
ɱȻ̣ȻսأΨһѡ
ɱ²ɾҲҪ
ǧûսϣεꡣ
ǳ̲һôǿ԰÷²ôħԿǡ
Щ²ΪвܶһЩͶػǮⳡ̴ʮֻ㡣
ڵоļˣǼǣȻҲžۡ
صžۣЩòʿȻҲ͹ˡ
˹˳̵˼̣̾鷳
֮ǰħȥɨǿʱ򣬿һڶûڿ˹ؿ̾һһ
һֻûͶ֡
̣һֱϰ˾ͺˡ
˹صͷ
֮ʿǾͳˣҲͿ˹ǰԼõĵص㡣
սҪԼʱ͵صģһ͵Ϯһ͵Ϯ֮ͺˣ˰ѱ˭ܲ˹ȥ
ԳǱҪû˻͵Ϯ
Ըùķʽս
Ϊ͵Ϯ˹¶˹¶֮Щϵõư͡
ռ
浽ʥԺȥҲû
ǵʱ򣬶ԷѾˣƽԭϣһ۾ܰѶԷı
ڳϣԿ˹˵ǱߵӦˡ
˹أˡ
̳ѾȻ˿ĭҪܲͺˡ
Ȼʱܵģ뿳ȣʹ֫ʱͻᱻϵ˦
˫˵ж㣬ܶѣڻҵսϻ
Ҳս̼ܵ˦ȥȻԼӴܣܱסԼһ
һܱսǱѱ˵׷
۲غܣôأݵ㣬Ҳð
ұ֤ܰι÷ʷʵġ
̴Խ֮ǰһ벻Լжˮӡ
˹أѾĸ𣿡
̣һƥĸҪһһ̥һзܣõȵϡ
˹û˽Ҫã֮ЩǺ˵һ꣬µ̵վ˻ʮ£Ҫһ·
̱˹شƫˣ԰Ͳ£ôôࡣ
˹غͳ̶һۣ̻ӻ֣ˣúȥоɡ
ʱ򣬵Ѿʼˡ
׼ȷ˵нͨһоͼԷš
ȻٿҫԼֶٱЩж֧Ƕôʤ
Щģģʮû⡣
ߵʿûнֽܹãȻţֻöԷ롣
˹¶ȫǷ
˹¶ûʿֻɵӣ
˹¶ʿˣһ˫˫۾ƻؽŶ棬ֻһ£Ǿܳȥ
ΪҪڱӣǲûȥ
ǵŶˣˬˣǡ
ڱѾ׼ˣͿȼͣը׹ȥʱͲΪûϨ
ըķʮԭʼ
͵
ֻİ˲ڶʱŪģ򵥵Ͷߡ
˫Ųڹ̶ʯͷϣȻ˫ĵʮֿ£վԱߵʿǵĸ첲ʶ˿ĭ
һȭͷܰԼԴðɣ
˰ѵޣֻһƽŻըƿնȥ
ûأըڵоͷը
̣֮⡣
Ͼһξ룬û˱ըֻǺܶ˱ȼͷ·
ըɱôǿܿ¡
Ǿ޴ıըȻȼĻŵõ˻ɢ
ʿǣӱ͵նɱ
ʿ𵶣һӣһ̹ȥ
ʿֻܼǰ塣
ʿѹ
һһըɳ۶
ڵоͷըըĵѡ
ħ
Կģ
оû̵ܵʿǰѾĻɢˡ
ҲȥǱħ
ħһ𣡣ֻħһŻը
ո˵ǻʿ˿ĭ
Щˡ̫ˡ
תͷ۰ǡ
иװİ˻̧ͷЦЦ
ʿһ飬ԼĲӣԼĿ⡣


172 
оһţǱͷ, Ҳ׳Ӽߵ, ߵĹҲǳصģȻ׼ͷû, ôˣһ, ֻҪ̫죬Ͳ䲻ˡļʸ缲¡
˽ǰ, зȷѾʧ롣
˵оĵӡǴ̶ⲫ, ڲࡣ
οǵĹûôԶľ, ȷվסλ֮󣬲ܽ
ãܻ˵
̹ǿʼˣڱҲ͵һƥ۶ʰΧ֮ƿо
, ֳֳ۵ֿ󲽳طȥ
ʱ򲽱һܻһߺͶ, Ͷɱ
оסˣûܷӦֱѾǰ, ǵĳ΢֪˭һͶ
ǺһƬ
Ҳвģŭų򣡡
̿ųĳƽûκβĳٶˣٶƸеҲĮȻ
Ƭϣÿ춼ΪƶΪΪս
󿿣ڿ˹ϡ
Լȷ£ŲᱻȻھδ򵹡
ҲΪʲô˵ˣվǸ߶ȣг棬ҪôΪ֮ҪôΪ֮
ֻӲɱϣܳΪһĵ
عһͳɱôˣ˭˵ʼʲǧһأ
ȣȻڰ᲻һ⻹ܲӡ̵֤뷨ġ
̵ͷȥ˹ص֣ѿ˹صֻһ档
˵˹Ҳ˵Լָ
սȼŻ𣬵оܾ˦Ӵ
ʱ򻹻ʿڽ£̹ٵо˵ϡ
ʿҲˣ˾ͻẦ£ǺԼûм޷͵
ЩԸµģߵʿĨ˲ӡ
Ϊճըʮֹ߼ûʲô
ս˭ҡ˭
սβʱ򣬵о¹ˣֻһʬ塣
һ룬һҲߵץסˣûǳΪƽԭһ羰ߡ
óֵǣоĽ쾹ȻҲѡͶ
Ϳ˹һ֣ʿͷÿ·
̣
ţеǳ˼
ߵзǰԷĽɪɪ
ЩзҲвģ֪޴֪Լߺʤ㣬ɸ嵲档
λ죬һֱھӵ󷽣ȫĵطô졣
Цʥʿ
ʱûб׼ľӹְͳӵľʥʿ
ʿŵ졣
ӵָȨ̵ʱĺ
ߵİغͿ㲻ʥʿ̵ʱֻԼʿӹʿʱ򶼳䵱ָӡ
ڵô棬òôսҲԵţʵսǺѳɳ
ʿͲͬˣǴӳΪʿʼҪѧϰ
ڳ̵ǰغͿָӣҲڽ̵
Գ̸ǵµĹָӺ͸ָӡ
ɰѰغͿĻиְôҲȵʿá
ڵϵʥʿһͷƯĽ𷢣ʱ𷢾ǹֻʥԺŻɫ壬ǽ𷢣ûм̳Ȩġ
һҲǽ𷢣ٻ·ǽ𷢵ĻӣֻһĹ֮ͨ飬ͨˣٶеѪԵϵȻѾֹͨ飬ǹֲֶڷΧڣΪΪֻҪͬһģͿԽ顣
Ժܶ壬嶼̫á
ŵλȻͲ̫ãû𻰣ȿ
ȿȿȡǡ
̼ʣôѡͶأôʥʿ
ʥʿҡҡ
սľûСҡȻ
΢Ц˵˵
ʥʿͼѿڡ
ǹᣬϳ̵Ĳ²⣬СͽʥԺȻ岻̫ãΪǹԲűʥԺͷʥʿ齨ԼʿšȻʿŸһǹͶѾˣֵǸǣʱ򲻽ԣǼҵݣԺóԺúȣõһС
û뵽⼸ӱˣȵľ￪ʼˮԵҲôƷַḻˡ
Ҫ˹¶Լӧġ
˵ĵȻûôΪ̲ôߣ޷ʱϹ߶˵һѷϻ̲ƴճƽ
ʿʹ˸ɫʿʥʿץãȻٰͶʿߵߡ
ϳһͿء
˲أӻ˶ֻһ˶ץˣ
ԷûзŹ
ӻ˸Ļͣ׷ʣˣôģô䣡һˣ
ӻ˻ͷϴײũūʿϻմŷ㣬·ûлվڣܰѬϢ
ƫƫǻܰϳȥ
һں˵˵˹¶˰ɣ
һˣнǧ˵ô䣡
ũūɥˣħ֮𣡻ᷢ޴ɽХ
ҲֵĹǵĹƽŵģҲǵļ䲻ǵļȴ䴩˵塣
ƨôм䴩ˣΪ˶Ǵʿ𣡡
϶˹¶ģȥ
ũūòƴˣ˵ĶģкܶͶˣǿ϶˹¶ץˣ
ȴɿ֣Ŀⰵؿũūʥ鷢ģ˵һѻͻᱻ׵Զҵգ
ũūæġ
Ȼһ£æʣʥʿأ𣡡
ʥʿǹĶӣôˣܳ裬ĸ׻ܽÿ궼Ǯʳˡ
ʥʿˡôô궼ŶԷܷܲʲô£λȵš
ҹȥ˵һٽ˰
Ķˣ϶Ǻ˹¶Ҳ϶Ǻ
ũū˿ĭС˵ʥʿû硢Ͷˡ

ɫ죬ĶûǺܺãǻ򹫾״ԾȻʥʿĽԷӺʳ
ǣһʥʿսϲս䵱ʥʿ𣿣
Ŵ˵ôҲǸϢ
˵ȥԶ㡣
ũūɴ۾ˣˣ˵ɱҵģ
ޱ飺ֻ㷢ģû˵ɱ㡣
ӻ֣Ͱũūˡ
ũūʿĿ޽ڻصþûʧ
ߣǱҪдš
ǵıûˣʧ̫ûڧͬĽ顣
Ǳ˹¶Ȼ̫ˡ
һսͲ֡


173 
ʥʿû뵽Լᱻ˹¶ŷ²һ, ϵĿ׻, ֻܴһҡС
ޣǲ, ͶǰһũūŬ, ԼҪ̫ۡ
ûսʿԼʿҲһͷ, ̧ͷ, ҿˡ
߽˹¶ĳź󣬵·߶ӭӵƽ, ƽŻǻ꣬սʿȥ
ĻʥʿԽԽޡ
ŮǻѻӸÿսʿ
ӻǸͷڻЩ֪룬Ȼߵͨ죬ǰͦء
ھӵʱÿ˶žӵ, Բܶ
СǳŵصĸҥǸŶǰߡ
ӮˣִӮˣ
ʲôִӮˣҸ˹¶, ܸ˵˵𣿡
֮ǰҲɱǣҲǴȥˣ
˹¶˺ܽ
˹¶˲⣬Ϊ˹¶Ŧ, Ըصˣ汲ǽŰġ
ǳ˿ֻУһС붼˿ڡ
ʥʿҲ˻ʯͷǣûԵĳҵܡ
Сߣʥʿ˹¶СҲܶ񶾣ΪԷһܻһߺ˹¶ľҰְھҰְִǵȣ
СǻʱȣҸҲ棡
Ҳڣ
Ҳأ
һȺתͷȥ˵СкСкһ㲻£ǸˣСһ棬һʼǲʱˣҲˡ
ƭˣŮ˵ġ
ǣƭӣ
Скĸ첲ô֡
˫ֱȻûȻæָž˵Ǹ裡
ĸҲֳ˻ӡ
ǸƯŮˣͬʱҲǿ׳˱ĸϵ壬Ů˲Ǿͳߡ
Ұ˺幹ģǵŮûôѣҼûʲô
ǿкɳȭͷС˿ĭ
СкԼСȭͷ˵ҳˣҲһǿ׳
ʣְأ
СкЩãûаְְ
ôûаְ֣аְֵġ
԰ôûаְ֡
СкͷӦаְֵģǰ˶Ǹ賤󣬲ְ֪˭
ǰûΪūʱ˲ÿԶչ˺ӣӻһİְ֡
˵Ҳа˽飬Ҳаѭͳ
Ҳ޷⣬ֻΪȻܹ֡
ҲеؾĺԱ죺ҳˣҪһĵؾ
ؾʲ簫ˣҲôǿǵؾóأһڶԼ
׼һԵؾġ
죬ֻ򶴣֪ʲôʱܣǵӡ
ֻؾĵӶСò׳ΪƽǶԸʵʵ·Ǯ
Ҫһʱ䣬ǰˣˡѾص˳Ǳܼվڳ̵
ܼҵͷˣʥʿӦôã
̾˿Ҳûã϶ܷţôأضã
ϹܼҺȻ΢ЦЩɭ˵ˣһֻ֣ͻȥ
̣ͻȥ𣿡
°ͣǹ֮ӣ˵еôڷûкô
Ϲܼǹ֮ԺʣλĶӣЩҲֻǿйľλ
ЩҲֻǿµľλǰ˳ҪãǰڻӻĲˣôһҲֻһǣʥһ㻰ȨûУ˵̴еλֻܸ󣬱˵ʲôʲô
̣ܵʥʿٲҲҲȥɣ
ȻһԼʿ㹻ˣԼʿҲô׵ģҪôϹսҪôˡ
ײʿҲֻɶʿǣָӹٶˣֻܼʿţȥƴһ㹤ʳԷ
Ҳƽͨʿǿ١
ϹܼҡͷˣһǰʥԺһʱ򣬺ԸλߵĴһô
̶ˣúô£ʥԺֶҲô
Ϲܼ΢Цˣֶʱ򿴵ĲǸ߲ǿûãٸֶΣûþûá
̶˵˰Ǹʥʿ͹
ͷǣˡ
ˣϹܼҲ˵ǲʤ͵ְλ
ʵûʲôۣҪľ룬һ͵˼
Ҫۣҳϡ
̣ѡ𣿡
Ϲֵܼ֮ǰһˣ棬Ϊūƹ˶õһūҪˡ
ЩãȻ̫࣬ˣʲô֣
Ϲܼң˹ء
̵ͷ
û˹˭ȫΪչϹܼҵ顣
ϹܼҹȻˣ˵˹͡ɱˣԴҳҲĿõġ
̣Ǿ͵ȿɡ
̲ÿɷ񣬱Ͳȱˣʲô˵仰ˣԼҲա
Ҫ˲ţǹԱ˹Ϲܼ˵ô㣬ҲԺиһְٰ
ϮƣҪӹԱ֡
Ȼһ˵Ժ岻Ϯ϶о޴谭
̾벻ͨϮ⣬ϾϼҹŴҲ
ǹԱϮĸħƶĹ
ϼҹŴĹԱڿƾ֮ҲǾϸڵİ
ȹϵҲ̫ס
ôףһԱֻһӣ⺢ǸɵӣԱˣְλҪҲҪɵӡ
ܲ
ʥʿѺ˳ǰԹԵĹţû̧ͷɵĲʿǸľż
̨ϣѾνϣôôô
ϹܼҵĻ˵ǳԽԽϰߵˣԭԼôǺõģǶԵģӸ˿
̿λʥʿ̧ͷ
ʥʿ̧ͷ֮ǰսϣҲſڵ˵ģ̧ͷһο˳̵
ԤĲһλ˿̫ˡҲ̫ÿˡ
΢ţЩ
ʣǹ֮ӡ
ʥʿæ˵ǡǵġ
ʣ㸸˭
ʥʿ촽˶û˵Ͼǰܼ֮Ȯ˵ǸԼļ嶪
ûĿ˵㸸׵֣һһ˵ĻҾȥˡ
ʥʿæ˵ҸסҸǰءءɭ
̿ϹܼңϹܼŴ̵˵ͷ
λʵȨĹ
̶ʥʿЦһ飬һӡ
ʥʿɵʣʲʲô
̣Ϊ˹¶ʥʿЩʿҲ˵ģͶΪ˸ӸԣǿĳеʥʿΪʥʿ˰̸𣿡
΢ЦţӸ£дɭȻջ󣺡ѵɭĨ𣿡
û˻֪˭ֻ֪ɭһ̵ʥʿ


174 
ɭǸӴļ壬ڿϵ˹ʱʹ, λһֱ
, ɭҵоصڵ, ҲҪɭ
Ϊ˵ĵû㹻
Ҹǲһ, ҲҪ£ˣ׼ȷ˵Ǵ, ΪԼҪ£ͳ, ΪӵϵȨ
Ҳ֪ܿ˶ٴ, Щܿյʱɭҵķˡ
ֻ󻹸ɭ屣ܵĹϵϾйͬĵˡ
λʥʿܹȻĵʥʿڶս˹¶֮ǰûϹһսܵʥʿҲڵĸ
ҪʲôʲôʥԺʥԺҲҵ, ӲƢ
һգûô, æĴӦˡ
ȻǸݰҲ뵱ĨڵĲݰ
رӦԼݵת䣬Ӧ֮ʣ, Ҫ𣿡
̣
ĺ֪֮
Լû£ֻǾó߸ӱǿ׳ֵ
̣ȸָӹһѵɡ
ָӹپǽ̹ǣǳѵӣҪʱԼѵż˹Ҳȥָ㣬Ȼ˹ָʱǶڰ
λʥʿҲã֪ԼＸԺŲ¡
ʥʿҲܾϾָӹ٣ȻʥʿôҲǸ٣
ָҲöġ
ǵڶ̹Ǽѵʱ򣬾ͺȻŶһˡ𷢣һʾ֪ǹ壬ǷǼöˡ
ʥʿڲѵĵһ죬̹áָд衱Ľڣ˸ס
ʥʿʮίһֱȥҳ̸״κγ̸ÿȥң˸Ϣ
ʥʿ֪һƶľɶȥȥ
ÿ찤˴͹ȥ
˰µĴ
Ҳн֪ʱҪĶˡ
սıûǣܵıµԽԽˣͨн̹Ҫһ߸ߣһӵԶû˹עˣԼ߻ȥ
˹ָ̹ٵʱ򣬿ηη˹ظûס˭ͰеǰȻʥʿְһٺᡣ
ûȥ״Ϊ˹ذƽʱҲˣȫһڵϣ졣
ʥʿˣΰᰤúֵãϾλ࿡̹ܽһͬʣûֻһ
ģ̹ҲˣֻĻǿ
ʿںܶǲݰĴʣο̹Ƕǹ壬ȨĸʱزκʱС
ֻ뵽ʿҲøһҲ˳˺ܶࡣ
֮˹֮֮г˺ܶࡣ
Щ²
̴ҶԼľˡ
־һũūıȻǱҲũū̵ʱֵأջʳҲԼģ̵ʱҪũߣ
˾ˣֻ汲ũūũūҲǱһսûͶɱԺ͹ԹԵĹڵͶˡ
ûܹ֪ʲôǱҲ֪ԼΪʲôս
ģм˲ÿιʥԺ͸ϣԼܻøһ㣬ܻһǧꡣ
ֱһλаָӹٻ£սս֪ô졣
֮һ鲼·
鲼·µģûжûв
ֲţ·ʿǸҵ𣿡
ǰ컹սֻڵˮ
·ˣ
ⱲӶû·
ʿȴ˵ԺǵеһԱˣ컻ϣҪȥѵˡ
ֻæĻϣʱ򻹵ᡣ
ʿʲôʲôÿ޵ģ
ӣѵ˵Ҵû·
ôʵ·ôãֻ˴ֻܴ˲Ҫģƶľ·
ʿƲƲ죬ֵĹͷսǳʱȫ˹ͷǵضҲ˸ɾʭӣͷϵĺʭϵİʭΪ˱ǰʭӴӪȫˡ
սǵʱ㱻ˣСΪԼҪĨӡ
˾䣺ǱǰүҺã
ˣλ̱
ʿҲûп˵úøɣʿūÿ»ǮãӪһٷ
ָԾˣһܳٷ
ֵһүһųأ
ǻйүôԵģ
ǰũūǱˣүһٷ
ôôأ
ʿʲôĶƽһ٣˹¶˶źӣ
ֿӪа߶СʣүЩˣǾū𣿡
ʿҲ˵ķЩĽүҽа־УЩ˿ɲǾūǲū
ʿڸ˵Ҳúѵ˵Ժսսˡ
Ȼ𣿡
һͦظǵȻˣ
ڵĹְʮһ鳤ʮ˵İٷ򳤺ǧ˵ǧ򳤡
ǧ򳤾ָӹǣ˵Ժ˶ˣǧ滹йְ
δ̣ûòӣȻԼ϶ܵ鳤
־ôԺĸŰһȥյѵҪվһСʱľˣȻٳֿȭĺͽӵĶѻŹȻľƵСΪλƴɱ
ʱҲд͵ıԣǧΪλԵָӹָӣڳԡ
Ҳ֪ôֻԼ
гЧģʿǷǿΪϰ˶սսҲ¶ӡ
ѵһ죬صӪʱ˶һᣬʹ
һԷ˲䱬˾޴ȲˣֲˣҲˣŰȥȡľףȻȥ򷹡
ϳԵС࣬СĺŨ滹һЩ˺Ͷÿ˻һԡ
ûζȥһ˸ԼӵΡ
ǰԶǶǸɰͰûζģҲԲ
ӪʳгʣڳϳԵͷҲ̧룬Ψ˸Լ
ˣ̧ͷʳܶ˶̸ЦԶҲô
Ա˵㻹Ҫ𣿡
һܳ
ֻһΣǿһֱġ
֣
ֵͷ
ôˣˣ
ҡҡͷ
ôˣ
̧ͷȻ棬˵ϣ󺰵үҲˣ
޵úûӣҴСûһ·ûԹһٱҲûбõĵطˣ
Ҳˣ˭Ҷߣ
ִ⣬Ҫ˹¶
ɻȴʲôûõ
˹¶ŵһбԡ
ҺͶˣ
лҪ˵֣ͶҽҲΪ˹¶ʡϣ


175 
ʥǽֵܲ壬, ֻǼ߶
Űɫ۵ʥԺʦڽͷ, ȴվڽֱ߶Ǻ͵ʦǴ˸, ඼˵˼һ򷴷ƫͷ, С
ʥǣǰǰķˡ
С̷ǻ, ѵȵһˡ
ɭվڳǱ̨, ˴ҴҴظϵʥǵ˵š
ŵǰɭԶֶŮɷ, ֶŮ޹ȥһֱûзߵĹϵҲһֱûӡ
ԸҲԸϵ
԰ɭ˵˾ԼһҡβĹ
ڰɭȨʱǼĹߵĶȥҪһ󹫣󹫲йӵеĳƺ, ڹ빫֮䣬ڹ, ڹ
ΪʱִȨߣԲӵһƺ
ɭһֱָٹ⡪Լǲ
ľλǴĸǴģΪִȨŮ, ˵ڣλĸһɽѹͷϡ
ΪĸѾλǴľ
һ̣׼ŭˣȭͷƤֽ߬
ĶӹһΪĳǣȻˣ
ɭɭĵͷ˻ãû˷²ǶͶˣ
ûʲôս񶼴̡
ˣǼҵĶˣ
۰ӣҲǹǰɭͷһжΪ忼ǣһӣܸһȡ
οֹһӣ
ĳļ̳ˣ棬ӲǿʱƣŮܹһӳ⣬ŮҲܽӹĵӡ
ӣӸչʮͱȥʥԺʿŮˡ
ɭԼǴˣҪѼ彻ĺԶԻ͡
ɭǴӳݷ伷仰˵˹Ѿˡ
һʶˡ
ɭһЩ˵ûд˰̣²Ķӣ
æӦǡ
ɭ˵ҴӦˣһ󣬵ʱɱȥסǸһ
ֻǸӴӽԺҲܽа˹ˣֻȥһ˭Ҳϵõĵط
ǺˣҲ˹¶ᡣ
ɭ̧֣˲Լ۽ǵۡ
ȥɡ
Ӧȥ
ɭ̨ףŮȥͨԼվϵȴ
Ů͹һ߻
ɭһ㿴ոյİݣŮЦЦ
ߵŮͣǲܵģ൱Ļţεˡ
ЩҪš
ԼķӼ˰ɭбɳϣŮ͹ڵϣÿȾϸȾָףźɫӣϴŻƽĶͷϴǶűʯĺڣ⼫ˣƺӼĲǸˣŮˡ
󹫡󿴼ɭƺܼʵƨɶûһµĺ
ɭæ˵£ﵱһ󹫣
΢ЦˣûңһӦõģԺ˶ôС
ɭƴǣ۵׵ϲǵסġ
黰˵ˣɭ˵£иΪ˹¶ĳǣǸǵʥԺģ
ɭ࣬ƺ¸մߣ˹¶뷽跨ӶḽĲƲ˿ڣټеһ𷴻
Цؿ£ȻأӮ𣿡
ɭˡ
Ȼ˵ҼǵĶӣƺʥʿ
ɭɫǵģ˹¶ֵĹƽŷ䣬ҿһ䴩˵壬һֵĻԷ죬ɵضҪϣܰըɣҶӳǰ֪ԷħֶΣսˡ
ЦݣŴ˵ϧˡ
ɭ˲۽ǣҲ֪û᣺£ᣬ˹¶»ΪʥԺǻûгʱ֣ǾͻԽǿ󣬵ʱǾûз֮ˣ
󣺡󹫣㲻ҪżҲ֪ûٱȫɳȥʥô죿
ɭ֪Ҳ뱨ֻǵġ
̾˿뱨Ҳ⣬ǱϾĺӣĸӲǸĸעѪźúó˵أȥϢҸ𸴡
ɭĵ˿뿪䡣
ߺ󣬸Ⱦָ׵Ů̧ͷʣ£Ҫ𣿡
̧Ⱦõֻ֣ЦΪʲôҪˣɭܻ𣿡
Ů͸ˣ˹¶ôʥԺġ
Цһ˵ʵȨ𣿡
ŮͣȻ!ڶ߲ķ䡣
Ц䣺ΪʵȨ𣿡
ֻһժºڣӵһߣǳĲλϵˣǸλӡ
ֻҪһҾֻܵ󡣡
һ
ģƾʲôģҪ
һιĺӣҲġ
̫ʮꡭʮ꣬Ҫĸһϸ£
󣺡ֻеȫҽµʱҲǸλӡ
Ůеֻã˵ô˹¶ô죿
ЦЦҲʥԺἱģҪ뷽跨Σ˽Щˣ·ϵĲϣҲ٣˽ж٣
һ򣬶ҽʥǾʿ
ȭͷֱܲǲڸӲӲ˵˹¶һ֧ǿԺǻ᲻˹¶֣
Ů۾һһᣡôõ
Цã˹¶᲻ĸԸķأ
ŮͲҿ϶ʥԺϵͽ
ҡҡͷĸһŮ͵գǣ͸˽
ǣ˽ԺҲˡ
ȨƱ˸ƸЦЩ˱ɹҲùˡ
ʱʥԺҪ˹¶ǵìҵĺô
۾΢УҵĻᡣ
Ůæ޵ǵ´ǻۣ
󣺡ܿλᣬѰɭ
ЦǿҰģûƥУǸֻ֪˵ϹʥԺء
ȥʥԺǱߵˣʥԺ֪˹¶һ֧ޱǿľӡŮ͵ͷȥɡ
Ůȥ
ɳϡ
ŴһֱֽԣֻƿĿ⣬̨Ŀ
˰뱲ӣþһԴеһ
Ѻɷ˸ŮҪĸ׵ĻҪˣҪӣҪνٹ⡣
Ӯˣһ֮
ˣһѡ


176 
̾þûеȵбǣֻΪԼԤ⡣
ûʲôˣֻϱʥʿ²Ϣ
̾ȻЩź
Ҫһ, Ҳķ²һ, ʱôˣܸשˡ
ǱߴϢ, ȦǿʼˣԼѼ, ȫ˹¶ͰҮԼ˵¡
Ͼׯ԰ѾԸ, Ȧ˲, Ҫ˹ȥ
Щֻǵһڶ͵ܿҲܳ
ǵѸµ, Ϊǵۣûĵ͵ȥ
ֻйƽǣ¶ˡ
Լܻӭ
ΪѼܻйζģûôǮ;ȥϣûʲôζļͳѡ
ȻЩ񣬵ǱϾ⣬û˻ᡣ
ҼһڶʼԼҵĳ
Ҳ⣬ѡС, ѼȥëȥƤгɿ֮, Ӽͱ֮Ҳͷ, ֱһܡ
ҪͺˡЩź
˹Աʣʲô
̣ǳе̼촽졣
ѵп˹û˵Ķɵû𣿡
̣ˣôжɺˣٳһĻʪ
ǰ˵ɽغأʪأ԰ʪζִ̼ԵһҲ벻ˡ
Ȼƽԭôûд̼Եʳʮġ
˹رʾԼû˵
ȥϹܼҺǣҲû˵
ź֪ʲôʱŻᷢϣǸʱһû
˹һΡ
Ϊ̵ѯʣóǱ˶֪һֺɫϸĹʵԺð촽죬ڿʡ
ȫ޷ôܱζĵζƷ
²ڹúܺãһЩм˵⣬ûиĸֵܵķ²ĵÿѵٱԣõһµľúǻѡһڣһȥйȥҵֳԶ
ҵʳӱʲôǮ
ģϵģз͵ģȻ˵⡣
Ȼִĵ⣬ǵԼоĵ⣬üСۺԼĥϸǷۣһˮȻһ棬ͽϿ¯ڼҪһֱ˶š
֮˳ˢһǽǮľˢһۡ
п֮㣬һ־ͷȫǡ
۴СŮˣҪһ۵
ÿ쵰궼ųӡ
ǻڰװ˹ƤƳɺԺװΧһȦֽ
ֽϻӡӡǵĵ
ҲȥԹΣȻִĸֵԶˣڵ˵Ҳѵõʳˡ
ҵ껹ṩΣλӵʱǿһݵ⣬ȻȥԱߵĵһϡһҶƵϣζе񱡺ˮֲȫǣǳˬʡ
̵ϰǹǷֺܶ˴źӣùרȦһطŪ˲ߣ˿չ˺ǣÿǰѺӡĴ桱ǡ
ʱʱշѡ
⵹úܶԴӵŮúܺá
ϾܶʱǳԱˣˣǻû
Ҳſ˹ҵ֣ϺµģԼƷױƷģᵽ˶¥һ¥ֻǰ˼ӻɳҲлƴ棬п˽ȥǾ¥
ʳĶһ¥ȥ鿾úֽųԣȥϡ
̼һǱȽʵ۵ģִֺ󣬻ͺϣ۸񲻹󣬿߱·ӣֵ˼һ鶹ҲǱرġ
ǵǶǣľŵİǺͽųԵѿǺǵ
˶ܰζḻζĿ
ҲһöͭһͦһľеԺܶ˶Դӡ
ľһֱѭãһΣ´ȥϵʱͲˡ
ҶıȰȵĻáµǣſ˹ص֣ȺĿǶմ͡
ֶ֣
˹صǿ鶹ڳԹˣһֻϣȻû취ǩ֡
ƽǣͺף۹⿴ǡ
һǶС£Ƹһûá
˹¶ڷǳţԴūǳ֮˹¶ƽƺǵɶԭôߣ鲻ٽ˰ˣֻҪȥǼǣʮöͭҵĵǼǷѣܰǵĻŲһڡ
ҪȥͰҮ棬ݣ˵߾ߡ
ϾҲû˭벻ͨȥУЩû··;ңԶ˵·ϿܻΣա
ǾһŮŮ£ȥǼǽˡ
˶Ǳ
û뵽ǣȻˣ
ˡ
Ƕ»ܲ˼˵Ǯ࣬ȶǮҳԷ
ϾûʥԺˣûطлڽ飬ѳһ١
ʳΪ
ӵҲ˲٣Ů˾Ӷ࣬ΪΪŮ˱еĺóԣǱĳﶼ֪ǵĳʦŮˣǿ϶뷨е
һ룬ͻȥҳʦʦᰴ˵շѡ
˹¶Ĺλ˲١
ǶԸȥֵأ·Ǯ٣ס
˵Ǳˣ˹¶Ҳĺü
ǰˣ͸ˣ˺Ҳˡ
̺Ϳ˹عҵֵʱ򣬾ͿиЩӺܴЩӲŸոиԵĶͶˣϾһˣ̾رϲиר׼иרõ
ֻииɷ򶼲ܽȥרŵŮԱӴʳԱֱ
̿һĻĻʮЩ۸ĸ˹¶ˣǻ֤ƬԽԽǿԻͣǳ󣬾ͻΪ˹¶м
̳˶ѻֽӵͰЩͰϰװġ
ϰÿӪҵҪ˴ɨɾԼҵſڵأպ
ΪЩǿɽÿרŵĵطͿˡ
˹ظ̾˹¶ǻһǡ
˶ڽֵߣС̷ǿҲѸӴܡ
Źûаƽһжš
˹ǰӲ֪ҪЩ
ãĸĴڣԿ࣬Űѳ
ܹӡ
̽ǰ
ԼҲû뵽˹¶
Ц
һֵСûп·ײ˳̵ϡ
СһƨϣҪޣһ̧ͷͿһرÿĴһеĿԼ
Сһ㶣ӻͳһû𿪵İǣ־ٸߣ˵磬ǡ
̿Сûײô˿ЦΪʲôǣ
С룬ն˵ÿ
Χ˶Ц
̿ۿ˹أҲЦˡ


177 
Ľ⣬ֳĹԱ˸, ǴΧ, ϸޣųǾ£, Ȼץ
ص̻ѾˣļѼ, ֻûг̫, һ첻, µһ˲ܿ
Ѽǲ, ǰһǾٵһ֡
ҲζţһֻֻʵòеļѼ۾Цзۡ
ֳϰ̸죬ϹǼҵļι⣬ʱ򻹻ιС档
Ǿֲ̾ôʡ
ϰôֳֻҼιСˡ
Ǹϰ˸Ĵָ
ϰ壺Ժҿ϶ôιЩֲļ, Ҽҵķʼóԣ
ȥ˶ϰǩ˳ںͬ, ЩǼס˹¶ǰˣй̶Ҵҵ, ܲˡ
ҲаҮˣ˵һֱû˵ҮҲǶ˾˴ղҲҮ˲ٷ㡣
ҮûС˵ģȷʵҪ湺ʣΪǼҴˣλʵԭǸֵصũһмЩ룬ҲԼС̸⣬Ҳȥһ䣬öˣҲ
ȻûռˣҲûôԿ
ϰ廹Ц˵ȥץһ̻ʮֻҲǮЩ̳֣⡣
ʵ˵ջͼ̫࣬ϾڵҲʣҲǲģΪû˹ԻŹɧζ
ϰص˵ʱҲһʣɧζа취Σ
Լ˵ʱ
ϰ廹˵ԣǱиɵӣţţ
Ȥţ⣡嶼һԵ
ϰ壺ʱ򱻱ˣҾ˵Ķʲôţ߰˸£ôݡ
ǣ
׸ˡ
Ҳ棺ô죿
ϰ壺Ҳֻܼ˵ˣ˻еҪڵͼˣǲŽпҺ˶죬쵰ҲЩ롣
Ĳȶ쵰󣬼ʱ¸ʱ죬Ҫս˵һһһ֪ûС
һҲУÿ
ͲһˣһҲҪ죬һһģû֡
쵰󰡣ֹڵҲôֱ浰ζ쵰󣬼۸ҲûȼȥҲԸ쵰ؼҳԡ
Ϊ˵ͨ·ԼеǮĶƽ׹
˵ûͿճͨѾ˲ˡ
ܶԷ⿷ʽֻп󣬼嶼Ҫ᲻ᡣ
ţǸôûÿӶûô
һϣȻһȥԷ
ڽֵʹĺȵ࣬רשש·ֻߣҲʯ·
Ǹ̾ǰ·õģߵﳾ
ˣҲˣȥɫҲøЩǿ׳ͷү񡣡
ǵ֣ѻƽȻʱһЩòǰ٣ƽǻһͿǵͷ
ʹûô򵥹ֻҪѭ̻Ĺ򣬾ܰǮ
ҼǣǿصģһǾһ˰
ʡǮ˵ʡ˺ܶؽҪͨôǮʱ
жĻڰͰҮȥתȥ˹¶ڰͰҮյʳ߶Զȥ˹¶Ҹˣȫ֡
Ҹء
ҲеģߵĻȥУһʴģȱǷ֣ȱ̻ᴦˡ
̻ĳԱںйУΪҲǵһ֣˺е棬˺ǵ档
һţҲǲСģǱйٷ
һ᳤͸᳤ǲǵģǵˣˣǵĺӣҲҪǳԷֻгǺãǲܺã˭Ҫ붯ǵ棬Ǿܸ˭ƴ
֮˹¶аҮˣĪĶЩУȻһλܣǾֵܳˣֵܳУӦø׽
ͨҲˣ·޺ˣȥɷĳУɷȥӵĳУʮöͭңһλһڻصϼҡ
ǰ·ͨС·ûϻ·ҲԭС·һԾ군
ڰвٵؾӣؾǵӽС壬˹¶ִÿ춼кܶˣӵ˰˷ӣҸֳܹӣø˴򽻵ֳסأ·ɣҲ͡
߸˹¶һģؾӦá
˻ǸԸ˹¶˵¡
ڼںϵĻȻЩ΢ʣҲֻ˽͵͵˵Ƚˣ΢Ҳûˡ
ӰҮˣũϣ԰һж棬棬ӳȥ·вٵؾǸͷССһƤЩһ𣬱󻹱ٿһЩ߲˹Ϲ⡣
ûؾҮûūģȫ壬ֻ֪⼸壬ȴû
ͬһϵЦ˵ڲūˣȻ㻹ܿ壬ƯЩƤĺÿˡ
ºʣ壬Ǽ𣿡
˵ͷȻǻȫǽ𷢣ͨ˵ĽǳƯˣ
Щ֪岻Ůȫˣ׷ġ
˵ôã˵һҲоأ
¼⣬·иĸˣͷϻͷѶ䶼ʵˣΡ
ҲǴġ
ҪǴʱ˰ͷϵĲһֶᷢԷһͷƯǳɫͷһԼĶ䡣
岢ȫȻ򽻵ǵԽԽ٣Ѿ޷ȫԸˣÿһʱ䣬ɽ̵ܹȥΪƽĳв̽Ȼٴȥɹ
ǲֵģǴΪԼҲ֯ǲȻûڳ鲼ãҲҪκ͵ζƷԼƷ
ظڲԶɽϵľ壬ڶ˵ޱ
峤ֲħ壬ƤûôﶬһҪ취ů
α峤ָ̽ľ飬ԼʵʵǮǴż·ĹģҲĸϣֻǮÿҲ࣬ٳɶ࣬ҲһЩ
ѾǱڰĵˣ죬סڼ۸˻õľÿ컻ŲɫԶû¾ȥйһ䡣
˼ѣסͬһԺͣǵؾ
ؾÿοҪĵȰȥҸҪӻԺ⵰
ҲϲЩǣǶʵؾûʲôӣÿĸɻȴ湻Ǯ׼һȥ׷ӣһסһҲûӦ
ϾؾС˴򶴺ܣҲóԾ۾һȫ
ȥ꣬ͷֵһݿһݼ弦⡣
θڴ󣬳Եøɸɾһ߳ԣһԱ˵
˵ˡ
ǰǹھģ
ͣ¾׽Ķ䣬
̸۵Ȼû͵뵽Со飬Ȼۣƶ˾񷨣ֻҪǺϷ񣬶ӵһȨ񣡡
Ȩɶ
ûȥ忴ȨҲǵˣǶɣԼҹʲôģ͵ˣˣ
Լǽ˰ʲôġ
˽¶Źʲô壬Ҫ˱һͬʵġ
Ҳū˵ԺӶˣҲдͬ߶Ҫӡ
Զԣ˵ԺɵòģҲְֻܴҪǰ֪үүˣҲܰ˴ˣҪǮ
ɱˡ
úܼǸողǻ˵ôתǶȥˣ
ܲרעһ⣿
ֳһѸ޹ص£һģҲˣ˼ȥˡ
ĵȻ·˶һ㶣ؿ򱦶
һĨЦ˵֣ҸãҲ
·˵Ǻ飺Ҳʲô˵£ɡ
ھ£һûء
·ˣҲû飬Ҫо鵽ӾͺˣҴǰжã
Ǿǣ˹¶ǮǺܶˣҮûˣȫֵصģûʲôͷ
ǰã
ִһ˵뿪ɽҾҲóɽˡ
Ϊʲôɽలȫǰɽľ鶼ץȥˡ
ǰطڰŴģⶼܼⲻ١
ǵʣϾ嶼ԼзӣʼǵķסҲһǮ
ɽ಻㣬ôޣʱ˷ŵ壬Ҫ±꣬ɽ飬ǲ͸ˣ͵һֱң
Ҳס÷ӣΪʲôҪסݣӻࡣ
Ҳң˵鶼ṭȥξйٵҪɵŻһֱסɽϣҪʲôûʲô

ͦɵģҲ밡ǰܱȺȻڶ࣬ǿҲһԶࡣ
ȥˣôܽܣܽǽܵǣЩ壬Ϊ˾Ѫܳ١
ԻѾÿѪҲŲ˶ãͻ
ԺҲͣǻѾͷǴĥɱӣˮ
ͷװƷ
Ծԣܴ裬ŷȻ֮壬󣬲񣬲𻯣һģˮԴĵط帯ãʳΪֻػشĸ׵Ļ
ʵҪ͵͵ץأ
·˻һۣЦΪϵǳصģЩǣɶ˹¶ѵģ֪֪Ǳߺüǣһȥ˹¶һǣЩҪôˣҪô²ˣ˹¶ֻˣ˶û
ôҲû֪˶ΪΪʿ̫ˡ
һʮ٣Ȼôֻûأ
ֻøȫɵĽϾǸ˹¶ͬһλ룬ҲǴʤ̡
ҪҲͨأ
·ˣܵģһµĹʱĶ࣬Ǳʳޣǵ˽ģ˭ǮȻ࣬Ҫ顣
˹¶Ǳ߻дãҪ˱ͨǿɾͲˡ
˷ܵʣôҷ
·ˣҪһȣһֻ֣ȻȥɿԲӣʹɵΪֹ
˸
·ˣĸɵ֮ǰˣҲϢ
ôصĳͷСĿɲңӴģ٣Ǿ뱻ȲԶˡ
ֲǳԲ𷹣ôԣҪյ˲࣬οһ£Ͳܲ˷֡
ͬ»ܾٱһʵٱͬ»ܵõ
ΪľǷֹǱţ¡
Ҫƻ˰ӣн𡣡·˸ϸϸ˵
Ҳ֮ãƺͦõģ
ִҵЩ
·ˣڰ˶ȥֳˣҲбĹҾԿһҵ
԰鲻ǺóƤӺ͹𣿡
ü˭˵ģ
·ˣô˵ǿ϶ԭġ
ԶԶԣֲǾ飬϶֪˲ô˵
п˵ô˵ͷ˵ԼǾ飬ȻǾ鲢óƤӺ͹
нŵģֻҪԸ⶯ӣ϶ҵʵڲУȥ·ء
ǣҾþͦġ
ôˣ϶Ǻڿġ
·ˣҪǲôôûзչ㿴ǣŶõĹ򣬰ı仯ô󣡡
ǣǵطƣɽôչ
վ·˵һ£ˣǵȥˡ
Ȼ󱦶˾ˡ
ԽԽΪòǰ徹ȻΪ
ǿɱȵؾڿˣ
ţͷ˱ȣţͷĺ
ҲڳΣֱӳ˳ǣȻС·ɽȥ
ߺ·˲ջ˸ղŰԵһ˴Ӻһɫӣ˱ոλϡ
վȴɫӵֹסˡ
˱̬࣬ȹ˵ˡ
ˣȻǳˡ
˵оûͻһ⣬ڷ־֮Ҳûǽ˸٣˶Է⼸г֮󣬲ȥļҷݶˣ˸ҵԺŸϹ
̶ЦЦĺܺá
Ϲܼģ˹ͬһƱ磬Ĺ
˹ûһűȥɽ
̾˿Ȼ˵Ҳо飬˵±Ͼﲻһ
˵µľ飬֮ǰ̾ģ˵µ嶼ֻռķ֮һ˹¶Ͱȫһ
̣Ҫ˰Ժչͷˡ
Ըɽľ壡Ըⲻǻ֪ˣһģô뾫ڳأƽм䣬ͲԶˡ
̿ˣĳ˵ʵںϣһһġ
ֻǲ֪һʲôʱ


178 
С·ɽܽ, ֪˶õ·, ڻص⼸ľۼء
岢һڰҵ壬ʱɽ, ܹ겻ŲѣǾȻ, ȻԼļҡ
ȴΣϰ˲Ǩ, ס, ҲûʲôҾߣðߵʱ, ҪʲôߵʱҲǾ͵ȡġ
겻彻ʳԴҲǴԣԭҲǻȦģΪǨ㣬ͷȦ
ʱҲڸܳԵֲоǵҪʳ֮һĸҲ, ҲֻһС־ֲʳÿС
ڵĲ壬ҪʳǿС
, ŢС·ϣȻأ, žĴͳСһ߹۲ΧòС˲µ壬һʱļš
Ǹо飬Сʱ򣬾֪ժװԼˡ
ҲϲһֱǨҲϲӧȥĳʡ
Ҳǲȥĳжӵģֽ̰թʱὲǻúôĵͨʱǾͻᶯ
ǡ˹¶һԽɾĳأ
ǿһϸƯ·סϸõĴӣõ뿪ʱҾû취
Ѿҡˡ
˴죬ҹʱŻصԼǵߡ
Σ޲ѱϵٿ£ľѾΧסˡ
Ƕû뿪Ⱥ޲ȥѡ
Ⲽ
Ҫ·ϣ϶һҲӲ
ӵƤۣ¶ܡ
ôǼľˣ˸߲ҵ˵˹¶ޱأᣬϺůͣõƤҪá
˵Լ˹¶ļţһǱסǡ
ֵҲܿߵ·שģߵ·ʯ塣
мкҵ֣׵ģκƤģװƷߵġ
ҵµĶ࣬в÷죬иʳܺóԣ
û뿪ɽǱ˵ʲôǾʲô
𣿡
԰᲻ǵͬﵱū
ū壬ǿɻˣǺˡ
˹¶ûū
ū£α⣬ݵ˵˳
ȥ˹¶ʱ򣬾ƽķӣԱסǵؾһأ
ڶ·ȴ湻ǮǾȥ󡣡
˵˰ҵЩǮ
ԽԽԣö඼˿ɾʯͷ
ڱУ˹¶һǳĳУԣаԡ
ҲˣҲҵҲܳԱ
ǵؾ˻ţͷˣڽϣ˶ָָ㣬Ҳ̧ͷǰߣΪ˹¶˹¶Ĺرӻǡ
֮󣬾ǻǲŹʱѾȫˣȼѣѱѱߣ˵
˵Ŀڸһˮ֮ż˵
˵˹¶кܴĿյأʿÿѵʿٳӪǾѲߣӲˣҲҪǮ
ؽһ˹¶ʳ
ǰ׵ģһֵ⡣ŬԼѷĴȥݣһǽ߷ۡ
СľѾҪˮˣ˵ǵʱ򣬺̲סˣԼҳֱۣǡ
ɽȡǷֵԴ٣ҵ䳲ÿܼ궼Բǡ
ҰδˮҲɬΪ
˵ӣ˶ζԽǳԲԽǲ
˵ˣȻ˶Ǵ˻СĬվ˵һߡ
彩ӲתͷվԼʱӶ˵ϣæ˵ķ裬Ҹոڡ
ΪķģһλƯŮ飬ķҲָ˵ĸףȺ쵼ߣͰһĸϵ塣
λķմһ쵼ӹӲãᣬʮ꣬Ⱥ﹫ϵĴԺ֡
űƵüë΢壺
ֻܹԹԵĸϡ
һȥķסݣֻˡϵĿ˹صĻ
ķԭԼֵģֻǵķ֮󣬳жΣֻķһƺ
е㺦£Լû˵ƺ˵ʲôƤ̺ϣųС˵ķ衭˵ʲô𣿡
ķҲƤ̺ϣһ֧ţһţȥ˹¶
æͣǵġ
ķڰ֣㲻Σó˼
ˡ
ķȴּᶨ˵ȥһ˹¶Ķ˹¶ĺôܰȥ˹¶ܹϱڸõ𣿡
ȱشķ˵û˹¶Ŵ˼죿ȷľȫҪȥ˹¶ΣǱڱİȫ£ôôǣ
ķ迴ű˵һ죬ɽһȷǶܰȫʱ򡣡
ͷķ裬֪ˡ
ķԱ˵ȥɣȥһҲˣ˯˵Ļһ롣
׵ġ
뿪Ժ󣬿˹Ҳ뿪ڣһɽ·֮ſڿնȥ
ڳǱĳ˿˹صԼ°͡
ҪרŹȥ̸һ̸ɡ˸ֱ˵İ취Ը֤˵˵
ϹܼҲǺͬ鶼סɽǲʲôǣȥ̸ʵ̫ˣ
̣
ʱϹܼһǻ˵һЩ²۵Ļ
Ѿа취˵Ϲܼˣǹҵ񡣡
ϹܼһֹҲԹȥӦݼ
̣ˣⲻǸǲֳԱû¸ɵƨ첻ĥõģĥôץ飬˼ң˼ҵӱСһ𣿡
û壬㲻ˡ
ֻǲ϶أ壬ܸߴϣʵҲֻǱȺС
Ϲ̵ܼЩͷ졣
̶Կ˹˵ҹɣȥķ赥һġ
˹صȻûֻ˵ɽ䣬ഩ·
ˣǼۡ
̣촩ġ
˹üͷ΢壺ڲ𣿡
ڰǰǺԸͷҾʹǼ϶ů͡
˹ˡ
׼ȥֱ֮ȥķݣܿˡ
װڶԷǰķԼǡ
̺Ϳ˹ˣԹҹͻȥ˯
ڻû֪ʥԺʹ·ϣѾǵʥʹˣʥԺĹԱʥԺȨһƿߡȻѾܾûϹ·ˣĸûԶ٣ϾʥǵʥԺܵĶõģ÷һĿޣǶǵײʥԺԺŻɵ¡
ã·ʱ򸽽гǾֱȥʥԺԵõģϴ裬һ·Ϣ졣
Ҫãһ·û򣬾ֻܷ¶ޡ
ǵͲ̫ãûпֻѣҸƽĵط˯һ
ʹҹ
û֮ǾΧŻˮȣȻٿɱԡ
˵˹¶ôı£ʹе㲻ţļ˹¶Ȼ˶࣬Ҳңÿ꽻˰ȻҪ٣ƽ񲢲ԣ
һʹҲ˵Ҿ˿ͷ˵˹¶һ֧ǿľӺֵ
ҾͲأŪʥԺõĶһʹ
ȷʵýʥԺԼµ˲ţÿ춼һǮţЩҪ֯ҪأҪõӡ
ЩǾʽ̭ƷųȥƽʹãϾƽˣ͵Ҳˡ
ôʱеģҶУûеģҲУôȥҿأ
ЩֻʥԺεļʥԺĳǲʹá
ǼֱӹʥʥԺϽסҲҳϵֻҪһһͣһһ·͹ˡ
вȫʥԺ
ʥԺ߲㶼֪£ǶȻ
ϾǱǱţôΪǸɻȻҲӦõģ߶ʥԺṩģѵֳʥԺҪǮҲ̫Цˡ
ιȥ˹¶Ҫûô죿
ܰ䴩Ĺֻܱǲŵģֻ߲Ҳɡ
Ͼô˵˹¶ҲʥԺĳǣ˹¶ҲǵԼˡ
ǿ϶ܾǵģ֮ǰҶˣ˹¶ڵطʥԺ˺ܳʱˣҵʥԺԺһԺְλʹѿõĸɱ˴ȻҧһڣɵòУֻ͹һˮñǺס
ûһʹ˵ҪûУôȥ
ʹǻһۣúܱˡ
ʥԺѵǻҲ
ֻһ취һֱʹУãҲȫҪһС룬Ҳ̫֡
ûУֱֻˡ
Ǵӳ׳ȫץסǿƵʱǿֱӰЩ˴ߡ
ɵġ
˵ǱߵǲǾ۸ʥԺȥˣʹȻΪʥԺƽǰǵ˳;ʥʥԺ״ЩʥԺ뷽跨۸ǣǵʳץǵˡ
иǵˣΪ˵һǵȻֱӴȣĶӣʮ꣬ʥǸ״
Ǳһ仰û˵ǸǰǸӽǡ
⼸ʹڱʥǵģǿ˵ʹʵȻأ
ʥԺܸǸֹнǸӣǴϺӸ˫ȵĹ¡
ȻȴĴྶͥ
ǺӣǱҴˡʹ˵£ҧгݣûаǺӷŻȥҲûиκһ˵ʥԺȥҪˣǲ˵Ǻ˲Ѿˡ
ôʹߵվǡ𣿣
ʱιûлȥʹݵһιڵʱǲġ
ʥԺҲǴǸʱʼģʥԺ߲㶼ǴǸʱʼıģʶ޷ңҲ޷ұӣ޷Ĺÿ䣬ֻȨԣǿģҶɵȨſԡ
ʹҧгݵһǶԸӵٷ
ԣһҪҿף
ѵֻйˣ˾Ͳ𣿡
ֻһʹʣǸǵĹ壬ΪʲôҪǵ˵ȣһԭɣϹģҲܻ˵һԭ򡣡
㶣Ŵ˵±˵ˣҾ˵
Ǹ˵ָɵµʿţ¾һӡ
ӣǾָɵҳϵͽŷʥ飬ʥһЩ׶֮£ֻʥԺǸΪжĽڡ
ǻǸʮĺӣǴ
УʿˣЩʿҲǹĺᣬƾʲôָɵҪ˫ȣдҲǹĴȫǹĴȴҪǵеЩ壬
ʹͬ飬ùֲ̿Ĵڡ
ǵһʵȴҪЩ˵Ĺ۸
һ·ߣһ·˵Щ£öˣȻǻû˹¶ѾʶİѶԷԼˣʥԺѡĹԱǻ𣿿϶Ǻˣ϶Ⱥ۸ˣֻɹˣǱߵΪ˱סҥ˹¶ֵǿľӡ
˵ͨ
ֱ;˰Ү
̫ˣڿˣʹһ󻶺
ǣȥʥԺǶ򺰵
Ȼհʻſڣͱסˡ
ʹҲ˵еĳһǵͷУҲгǱȽϽҪʵǵݡ
ǵǾýһЩãϾЩɶĹ壬ðʥԺְԱݡ
ֻһΣȴûзС
ѵصмʿȫһ
ԱߵʹӺܲ˼ʶԷ֪ŵĶЩ𣿣ǴˣʥԺʹ
ҪȥǵʥԺͲǵԺ𣿾ȻԴʥʹˣ
ȴҮûʥԺ
ʲôʹǶסˣ
ôһǣôûʥԺǵأ
ʲôҮ˭أ
˵ǰص²˵ء
ʹҧгݡ壡Щ徹ȻȻرʥԺ
һõͷģʥһͷ
ôһܵ
꣬һĮ˵ǲܽȥҪȥĻҾֻܰǹˡ
ʹҲ֪Ǿ⼸ˣҪǱ
Ƕ˵ߣȥ˹¶
ֲҪ˹¶϶Ϊԭ⸽ĳжûʥԺ
ǱƭˣҪڧ
ЩյĹ壬ھͻʥԺ
˼ȥ˹¶ѡһ˴˻ʥǣƱҪʥԺ֪Щı
ѾʥԺսˣ
лҪ˵ڹ壺
첻֪ʲôӺʹˣҩԺöˡ


179 
·֮󣬳̾͸ſ˹һ̤ȥɽϵ·
˵ǡ̤, ʵҸεĵط, ÿ˹رɡ
ڿ˹صĻŬԼС㡣
ҹ߹ι, е΢СĴʹû, ¹ˮȺ, ̵ͷڿ˹ص, ſ˹ص
˹ص建Ҫ, ˹صһ¡
̧ͷֻܿ˹ص°ͣȥ
ķھۼصģҲ󣬵ԵüªϾҰܽݾͺܲˣûʲôװΡ
ĻǺģ֮䶼ĵ, ֦ϻٿΪҰ, оƵĻѡ
ÿһСʱңоҹ, ֡
˹شų֦ϣȻȶ򣬰ѳ̷ķݵſڣ̻ǺʿȵģҹãֱӴȥ˵סǸŮ飬Ǹо飬ҲӲݵš
£ķܾѣ
˺һŴŮ˵ƺվűߣ˭
̱񣺡˹¶һĲǨȥ˹¶Ŀԣúģý̫ʱ䲻ʣҲԼһʱ䡣
ڵӦڿǣƬ̣ſˡ
΢ЦŬԼȥǸϸĺˣԭһСŮʱռˡ
ķҲ˳̣˻Ƭ̡
ķĸԼһװˣǱȴܺãԵˣҲɵ
ķ΢΢ó̽ɡ
˽ȥ˹ؾԱߵ֦վţ̲ԼΣգ¿˹زڣҲ츳ܣΣվȥ
ķݵĴӣ¹ȼ˻ѣƤϣȻ󷽵ı˱ԼƤ
̴ȥֻķĺˣЩź
˵ɡķҲ̴ǻӣΪʲôǹȥ
ķ裺ô겻ӣɹúܺãǲҪǡ
Щ棺ҽͲ¡
ķ˵ʱ䣬Ϣĳҵſڣûоˣ㲻˹¶ҾֻܲԼأ˹¶ôܴžӹظ̸
ķ˸Ĵָҹţڶ̶̼侲
ϰйϵ
ķ迴۴ҹɫƵ̾˿
˵֮Ӧø˵˹¶׼ȷ˵еĳ򣬶Ƕӣ⣬еؾ˺ţͷˣ˵»о飬֪˵𣿡
ķɫ˵
׼ȷ˵һƬľ壬˵˵£Ϊ˵ڲͬһȺ˵¡
ǾȻܸѺദ
Щ飬ץסľ飬ԼоĶҲҹȥ
ֻ˵¾Щ˵ľҲżΧĿ
ɸģǾͲˡ
Ͼÿһ鲿ķ裬һ弸ʮϰ
ǲΪһʱĶһǰ;δ·ߴˣܾٲ
û֪ǰ澿ǹ̹;Ԩ
̣˵¾ҵ¡
ķĿ΢һЩ˵˵ºܺá
̺Ȼ˵֪ΪʲôҺ彻Ჶ׽ǣūǣԴһԴǣ۸ôǿڶʱǸûһս֮
̣ԽǶأԽõʲôϣõʲô֯ǳԵʲô߹ʯ̵Ĵ·ŪµڵĹľͷļ⣬ûһѷĵ
ȵ巢չĸ죬ãǾ͸ûһϯ֮ˣɽٰȫ
Ҳǿ㡣ֻ㣬ƵģǼ˹¶ġ
̣֪ܺ£Ƕܺ£ҿǸƭӣƭӣҲ̸
ץĻ˵ģҿֱþӰΧȻҿʧһˣһӲ
ķŴԼðˣȴֲòϳ˵ʵ
ɽε̫ˣ޷һطӣƣڱһ쵽Ϊӱ޷ͣչõĶǰǰĶǵķչͣͲǰǰ޷忹⣬οˡ
ܸʲôķʵ
˿ܸݣǿµĳɳ룬Ծֵ̣أԸһйΧڵ£ֻҪǲҲܱ֤ǻܰȫûµĳץǣǡ
һߣҲˣҲǿ
ķ裺ô˵һжġ
ʱ̻һôأֻôˣƴһ
̺Ȼ˵ķ裬֪𣿡
ķͷ֪
̣ھڶģңǻһõδңҲ뿪֣ᷢɻĻ̻̲գÿ춼£ȴҪοԼӹá
ѡȨϡ
վúÿǣʱһһΣ㲻׼ҵ飬ǰһʲôԣܣʲôùңһš
̻ʿ΢΢Ϲˡ
ķĿų뿪ľݣȳߺȥ
ķľ㶵ؿͷķʱ䲢ʮΣҲʮѡ
ձʮңʮ궼ˡ
ԶʮģѾСˡ
ķСͱ죬ͷ֣岢ΪߣŲǺģµ˹ʲôΪСֻһʹޣһ߹ǰأû̵ĵط
طص㶼ͳһƶ񤣬Ұڶࡣ
ǰķ˵µĲжɶ
˶࣬ÿһڲϸĽǰһµĲһֱڳǰߣȴԭ̤
ǰķ˵ȥܾ岻ٳһһǧˡ
ڻʣپأ
ҵľһ
һ򶼹Ǻ
ķӴ߱֯óһʯͷĶѯȣȻʯͷʯͷľϱ£ִתݵһߣķ߹ȥǿʯͷ
֪鿴ƽƽʯͷϿʲôһ̣Ŀᶨ
һҪı䡣
ʹʼɡ
縺һȺδ
ķҧŴǿʯͷ
ȣӦҲϣ̤һġ


180 
ʥʥԺʹڳ̰ݷķĵڶ˹¶
˹¶ûôʾͷˣȻֱ˹¶ʥԺſڡ
ԴӽԺһֱھ̾, ̾˹¶ĵ·, ˹¶ˣö֮˹¶·ϵū, һжô棬ôڲͬ
˹¶ʥԺ֮, ̾ķĸ߹󣬾Ȼʥǵְߡ
ķҲû뵽ʥʥԺɵӹ
ĴѾ֮ǰ˲, żල³Ż, 봩ƽ·ܴԼԺ, ķûһ㱧ԹܳžͲˣʥԺԺҲͲ뵱ˣ
Ժʲôõģϱ˵ϱڸɵ÷ˮѾܵ˵ġġˣҲܸϱһȻƽ񶼱ȵԺð
ôСһʹʥԺԺֵصū
ֲūƽ, ֻʥԺôֵء
ķ΢Ц˵ǶǷˣҺ֮, ʥԺɻʥע¸ıԼ
ʹĿ佱˳̾Ŷ, ʥԺǲܸʥԺõ飬ҪǹڶǵĹѾʢˡ
ķЦͬʱȺɵӡ
²ʥԺǲǹ壬ҲûٿǱΪ飬¡
ͬһӪľ͸ˡ
õģ˽ԺȻУв٣ԺȻʹƵλǸ֪ôֻһѹͳԭеȨ
ķʥ̸ʹǰ˷䡣
ʹǵлȥԼ˳ϴ軻·ʰһ£͵˳ʱ䡣
ʲôʹָһݿʡ
ķЦǺǵ˵ǿǻƶĶ԰ɡ
ʹͷһγʳζܺá
ǽƵģȴǰ׵ģܺã
ζҲãϺ㣬йɶӵζ
ʹǶǳԹģһûƶūԵĶֻǰԵĶĶӣĶûԹ˾Ϊˣöһΰķ֮һ
ϾӡôӣԶ˻׷ƨ
ʳÿóԣӣ
ֶʳ弦⡣
Ѽϵ弦⣬ⲻû߰ϣʮζ۶һѾƣֱʱܡ
Ա߻һƬİһǽִ
żڵģΥͣϲ˻رϲϲҲȳһ
⣬бɳʯƱЩɾĹкˮƳٱǽ߷ٰۣڵɫ޶ƹҰˬڣʮ⡣
ȻѾˣϲһͺ㡣
ʵҪûʲôţ̣Ȼ̻Ūܡ
ѾʹǴ۽ˣʥбѣ궬ʱ洢ģҲֻڽ£ʥԺô󣬲ÿطֵܷ
ʹϧĳһٱڲķĴʥԺһʳ֮󣬲Ÿķȥ˻԰
̸֮ǰʹʣڳ￴˺ܶūڽϡ
ʹҲ˵ūôܸһأ̫ˣ
ǼµˣǷֲԼݡ
ʥԺūƵļӵߣһϸĻֱ׼ūֳŵȡ
ūūеλߣūŰɱū̫ʥԺָԤ
ūûˣΪţͷ̤ʵܸɣţͷ̫࣬ʥԺҲָԤ
֮ǣϵ˺µˣūҲһ
ʥԺϸģϿĵȼ֣ȷԼ߸ϵĵλ
ķ˵ˣԼ΢Ц˵ǲ֪˹¶֮ǰǺġ
ʹֵ˹¶ôأ
һ·ĴǣһǣĴСζǲģչһ
ķ̾˿ǰĻ֣ΧܶǶûʳȻߣˣȾˣʵ̫ˣʱǹ壬ƽֻ࣬Լ֡
кܶʳԸԣҲԸóһʩ񡣡
̫ˣ
ҺǸˣȻ˹¶ڻ֪ʲôӣ
úã
ϾҪϳ·ĳ˴ⶼѪյˣڼ壬Ϊ
ֻҪʥԺˣǶǺˡ
ҵˣǻˡ
ǵ߼򵥵òķ뷢Ц
ҲǣǱʥԺһȫϴԵˣôᱻʥԺųأ
ӵмᶨһһϦԸı亳ġ
ķ˵ûˣûˣûа˻׳Ҳûз첹Ĳ÷죬ûڳǱʳˣ̫ˣˡ
ҵʱѾ뷽跨ˣҡһԺֲʲô취أ
ʹǱķеźκͱˣ׷װο˲ķѾˣҪԼʥ֪ˣҲԭġ
ķ̾˿ڵ˾͵
ʹǼ۾ţϲʥǵĹϲʥǲǿڹ¼
ķԺ󣬶˵Ҫ£Ҫ˿ڱ࣬ҵȻ˹¶ֻԽԽ˶ûл·ˡ
ʹǣ뷨Ҿȷģ˶࣬¡
԰ʥܷΪʥ˿ġ
Ͽ˿ͶƽչҪɣͬʱɲϿūϽ֣ǾūɻˣūúõĹǣΪʲôҪϽ֣
ԣūūܸƽ
ķҪǹҪ·Ƕҵ·ǿ϶ҪϽֵġ
ʹǣ
еûܲū·ȴϽְɣô·
ķˣūҲȥɣܸū̫鷳ˣӦʥԺһ֣ūĲƲ
İ˹¶ʥԺ
ʹ˲ˣ԰ūһֱūȥܣǻҪūһǮ
ūʥԺū
˲òķǻۡ
ķֺǺܳʱ䣬ǺƵҲűˣʵʥҪʲô𣿲ȻôԶôࡣ
ʹֵıʾѽҲǶ׳ģ˵ΪʥԺ£ࡣ
ǶԲķ˵̫ˣǸһȥǱ̸̸°ɡ
ǾòķҲͦġ
òװ˹¶չҪˡ
Ҳû취ΪʥԺδֻίЩʥԺĹˡ


181 
˹¶һҹֵʱ, ڽͷ߶, ǰ˻ǸСĽۡ
ͷӵ, ȴóܺ
һԶǰ, Ǿˣʧȥͻ, ҲͲǳǡ
ڿ˹صĻ, ָſ˹صؼ˹غȻס˳̵, ̧ͷڴ߽˸ǳǡ
жࣿͣµʱ򣬳̵춼ˣ޵ģˮ
ҲЩۣᣬϲָо
Ҫȥʥǵʹˡ˸˵ǻҪʲô
˹صַڳ̵ĶƤϣҪǮ, Ҫˡ
θҪǴ㣬, Ҫʳ
̺һʥԺĻͦ
˸ۣҲ̫Դˣôûֵĵˡ
ҴԼ㣬⼸, ̨°ȨͷǰʥԺӣЮӶһιôԼӣ˲С
̣ҪʲôҶ
˹صֻ˳̵Ĳϣͷڳ̵Ķߵ˵ǾͲܷߡ
°ͣһһȣʥԺ
ʱܸɣĲܸ٣ϾǺܰϧıģһʹ
СĴ۵õĺôŻ㡣
˹أǾ͸ϴԡ
ϴʻǿ˹شӳѧġ
̣á
츳ܾܺûˣҲóһá
˹أǻȥʥԺĶӡ
̺Ȼ˵˺ǮҲܸǣʳԸ㣬ǻȥźý
ﻹһѳڰҮˣѾ˿⣬Ҳûˣóȥеô
˹صȻ֪˵ǳҲͬóϧ
ż⣬˹¶ڶû˳Գˡ
Ƕҵٲûȥ·ɨ֣ܻڷԣ˹¶Ҳˣһ鶹Ҫһöͭҡ
һ鹻ĺҲöͭңһ㣬Ҳö
˼ǵĵһЩҲʳ
ںܶ˶ڼԼŪ˿䣬СۻؼҿʡǮ
Ҳгˣֻв˵Сģһֻһڹ
ǵӹúã鷸ƵҲˣѲߣС͵С˺ܶࡣ
ҲֻܲžнžҵҲ˺ݶͣһҹΡ
С͵Сִʧοˡ
ֻڵﷸֶζȽϴֲڣֻҪõľץסϾͨѶͽͨ㡣
ڸ˹´Ժ󣬲ȥ벮ķͼλʹ
λʹǱȳᣬΪʥԺôҲҪо˹û뵽ȫͷࡣ
֪ʥԺڸҷõ˳ȥñҺˣʥԺȱˡ
΢Ц
ų̵΢Цķ˸ǺְܾĶԼλʹ˵ɣ˿ϵͽ
ʹҲڿԺҲԳ˺øС
Ȼ̲ǽ𷢡ȺĹҲǽ𷢣ԽҲûʲô˲ġ
̳úðһźÿŮ֮䣬ڴĪ棬ۣҲĿʡ
ڵˣչʶˣΪúÿĶǺˣòÿģǿ϶ͺòĶȥˡ
ʥԺĸ߲֪ûһˣϾʥʥҲǸչkҪó̷k
ҲֻʥʥԺϾطʥԺҲҲôÿˡ
˵Ҳ֪λҪȻһȥǡ
ʹǵǺܿûʲôߵ·ߡ
ǰͲķԺ˹¶ĺܺã˵㽫лõʥԺټ
Цúϣ²ۣټ˭ټ˭ɣǲȥġ
ֿ˺һ̸ķʹ˸ɫ
ķʶȤˡ
ȲķԺ󣬳̿˸
ոջȻ۵ʹһǱһǴ㶵ţĿȵĿ̣Ŵ
ˣޡ
̣
ֽˡ
»ƿһ͹ˡ
̺ܿع񣺡ǹҪ˵ģ
ʹֻһʥԺҪ
ʹҪǮʳ͸ˡ
̵ͷԤһʥԺ̰ͦĵġ
˵˵ʥԺôˣʡ
ȻȺʹȻʥԺĺԱǹĵı߶ûȻҲᱻųȷʵĹ
˲ҪֻҪܸҪľ͹ˡ
ʥԺɺȶ⵹Ǹг롣
ż˽ӦþǸˣЩ˺٣ȻʥԺûøֱӽǣҲӦòʥǸ˸׵ĵط
̵õһϢ
һһεҪˡ
ǿϵ˹Ľգһ죬˶Ҫϴ裬ȻǰʥԺݣʥԺվµ˾ͻʥԺ⣬ֵϹ
ڷ
ҲϯǻҪʥԺˮԡģʵϴϴ
ȥҳϯˣǿ϶Ҳϯġ
ôʥԺĺûᣬǴͳգʢĽգҲܲȥ
ȻǸʥԺսʧȥġȻĿҪܶҲͽ󼴱㲻ҪڵҲҪǵ
֪ΣգҲȥ
̾ãڵ죬ʥԺͻᷢѡ
ʱ¹˭֣һ
°ͣԼܿȥһš
Уȥ
ȥʥǣԲ˳̫󣬶ֻҪĵȴ
ʹ˵ȥʥԺ˹¶ƶû·ûʳԣǱˡ
֪࣬ɢҥԡ
˹¶ϣ˹¶ƶҲԸͳʳ
ںʥԺŲţ˹¶߶˹¶ΣʥԺĴĻܿͻ֪
ֻҪʥԺɣǲɱǣôɱǵģϢǴģʥԺǲɽȥļϸ
ǲ˻ɣȻҪڲ飬ʱϾ˼ˡ
ְѻѻ˵㣬Ȼ΢Цʣ׼ã
ʹǣ졣
̵ͷǾͺúϢɣʲô͸ˣȥҲǡ
˵ʣʲô˵𣿡
ʹǳճյĿһڲͣĭ
һʣˣҽȥķ𣿡
ǳ˳飺ܣ
ҲԼĴӣ
ˣнųûУ
ˣͷõģ
Щͷۣ죡
ֻ֪Ҫһڵ֡
һ㶼ϲһȺ󰮡
Ҫˣ͵͵Լķ䡣
Լռˣ¿˹طݣŪ


182 
ʹ֮󣬳ҹȥķݡ
ķǰʲôû, ˷֮, ķӦţѾ˺ܾˡ
̽ȥ֮, ǰһƤϣֻһķ׼, ķһСѣΪľ, ڻ¸, һû˿žͱŪϨ
ķ׼˵, ʵζ٣ֻһЩҰ˺飬ķʢһ룬̽ӹ֮һڣӲ˵ķ迼Ǻˣ
ķĿų̵۾
֪ǰ岻Ȼ͸Ҳ۵׵
Ŵ˵һѡ𣿡
οҲ˶زء
, Ҳǿʢģ
飬Ůսʿǵӯ, һ췭ɽۣǵĹ׼ս, ǵͻİΧȦ
һʼ˵ؾôСͳˡ
ǿ
ǿ壬ôܹԹԵͷȥūأ
ķԼСʱһķѧϰյʱһķ͸ҪģǴ쾫ǿʢ
ж಻ףڲֻŽһ𣬻ܸһս̡
ɾǷ־ӣһᳬˡ
ôǿ
ٳһλ
ķԼɲ˾
ڴţһλҰģǸһͻΪЧҡ
Ȼǻֶǵء
ô꣬ûеȵ
ķʳ̣Ҫô˵İȫ
̣Ҫôҵı֤
ķЦЦҪȸȥ˹¶һˡ
ķЦݣҾûΣգҲŻǹȥ
ֻһ˼ʹӦˡ
ķ裺ҽԺͻɽȥ˹¶
΢Цã㵽ֱ֮Ǳҡ
ʱ򻹿׶ͰӴ
ͬһӦûоȫ
ο׶ͰסڳǱҲܰסøɻˡ
ڶ죬ķȻ絽˹¶ҲǱ¡صĽӴˡ
ͣķԵ˴δԹζʳҲ˱ůޱҪůͣϡ
Ȼͼ׶Ͱ
׶ѾָòվһʱֱһˣڳǱﻹвŮ׶ﰮ⣬׶߲ܣһλˡ
˵ԺһЦ֮
ϾûʲôٹŮӽ֮ǰмθʷϵƽ׷߶࣬ҵİˡ
ִĻ׶ŮռˣŮǶǺʵģֻͼ׶ӣҪ׶飬ǲԸġ
Ϊ׶ûй̶ĹһֱڳǱǸʵĽ
׶ǺϲһƯŮͣɶԷֻŪ͸ģѾŮǡ桱ˣԼһƬܵ˼̤
ﵹһֱǲٴɫԹ˵Ŀ࣬˶Ǻö°˹һֺãӶ
ֻ׶ԸӽϾ׶ûɫġ
ķǵʱܾϲֻ֪˵о飬ȴ֪˹¶ҲС
ͱ׶Ǵˣ׶ʣԸ˵͵ˡ
ʱұץˣ׶˵ļΪգʮ׳ץڴһ֮űץס
ķ費֪ڴţ׶û嶪
׶ȻҾͱ˴ȥ˼С
׶һЩǮƵȥūˣʱ򻹻ͳȥ
ķ֪ģһβ
׶ȻҾڼпˣʱ˲ڣʱǸӣǸĺӣԼײͷңͰҲҵˣҷԣ·һҪɻġ
ķʵʲô
׶Ը˵ԼʱĻǶѷڷ࣬һ£ģѵء
ķЦЦѵغܺá
׽Ȼǲųֵġ
ȻҲ̫ϲ֡
׶˵˺ܾãķҲ棬׶˵꣬ķתͷʰأ
ķȰ곤٣ȴķעȦҧŴ˵ڴԵʱ򣬱ץסˣǰץ
ķվվǰĹ§ԼĻþοš
ķĻʹšķĸףҲķһߴǿ׳ʹԼСҪһͲᱻץסˣ
ڵ֪Ǳ̾ԺķԳ̹۸иˣֵΪʲôҪ
׶֪
ķ迴׶رе嶼ܺƽľסء
׶λʴȵĺˡ
ķû˵
׶
ͳθ壿øƽ˹͡۶û¡
˹͡۷ħ壬ǿøƽƽˡ
λг̵Ȼʵְ˹͡۶ûʵֵ£
̫ˣ
ķ边Ȼ
ãȴĲǾˡ
һ㹻ҲԸȥƱݵˣþӿ߳
ķ费ǾȻһ˿Ц

ʹ˹¶죬ʹһˣ֮ǰ̻ǣʥһʲô󶯾бһ˹¶š
Щ˵ȻвӣȫԹ
ʹǻȥ֮󲻻͸¶й˹¶һ仰ǻɵİ˹¶˵û
ڷʱϹܼ˵һҸ£ҵ˸ʥԺġ
ϹܼҲ˵ǰʥʿ϶ҹǱȻġ
̣Ϊʲôңⲻλε𣿡
ΪԼƨµλĸһ㣬Ӧ
˹ʱ˵ĵʥԺֻһ˹¶ãʱҲأ
һԶʥǵĳУˣλŲȡ
һϢʥԺ
̣ҺʥԺսﶷ֮
˹΢ЦΪħôǶԵģ
û⡣
һֱֺܼӣƴֱҲȷʵú
ʥԺҳϵĻǿ϶Ҫѱͳȥͱôܣһʿ᲻á
ҳʥԺǲʥԺָɵΥǵģǵʱȻҪ̡
̵ʿҲģӵиõҲظ˵һ
߿϶ʥԺ϶ңҲνΪɳȥˣʹʥԺʥСˡ
ʱֻλϣʥǶ
϶ʥԺŹ˹¶⣬ʥԺҲ˹¶ܾǡ
һˣҲùҧˡ
һֻԸ⵱ˣָˣ˲Ż
°ͣ󡭡
ǵʱ˭ӮɣǶ͸ǵǳˡ


183 
ȥ˿ˣ˺ͰϿס˹¶һ, ȻȲϳǱ, Ҳ㹻ˣϿȻ, ڿб£㲻, ϿҲгдֻǲūȡˡϿ˱Ҳū, ǰϲ, ڲܿˣƺҲûʲô
ڵİϿٲȻԼ, Ǯõֽϣÿ
ֻǴδżյȫĵ֮Ҳ̶Ӳÿ
ϾǶԷһƬ⣬Щˢ֮ɹ˷ŽֻһϿĳΪˣóЦԷ
˲ôȥ߶, Ϊһҩ
ҩ
˺ȥԺ󣬾ͻѼų
Ѿ̷ˡ
ڵ˼ﶼм, ǲܱģʳˮ, óѽڣټЩˮԴȾ⡣
ûйϵͳҲһҪˮտȡʳˮϴ鷳ټϴǻˮԴ㵹йԼŰȾֻҪһͷͻѸɢ
ڵļ治˵ͻἳȡӪм˳ٶ඼֣ᷢӪա
˾͸ˣ׳ʱھͲǿ׳˸
ڹͽСС⣬˺ܶͽܣǺͯ
˲红ӵļԺáô˵ģһֳֻˣ˼֪ԣͷøй
СںСվߣѾȫˣ˭Ҳϳĸӡ
Сȥ̵һˮȻԱߵϣ˵ѾúǶȹҩˡ
ķﶼм棬ѺŻˡ
ϿҲǿѹźҩԺ˶ڼˡԼǡӡǵĸס
˶Գ˵ˣСںС׸ǺܴѾûʲôԽǵˣħ壬ԱҲܱ
СںС׹Ѿǰкˣߵǰſȥ
ʱ䣬СںСѾӺͯˣǻСʱ򣬾һ˫Įģûζ۾
ڳˣﵹ˼ζˡ
Щɣǻ̫Сˡ
ЦЦˣΪСϧǣȴᣬҪ㣬ͲԶߡ
ҪСںСҸиˣԼȥɳԼ۾ȥ硣
ǳҩ⣬öС˵Ҫı¡
ס죬Ц˵ֻҪһ仰ǾõĶ
õĶֻҪһܶһͷţһСѾܶϰˡ
ħ壬Ҳūûнܹ½ȻʶǳҲûƶֻ֣֪֮ס
ɱǾɱˣǾ;ˡ
̡̲
ΪϵĴ˶ģԼҲ˵ԼǸ˽ˡ
ֻڣñҩ
ĳַ˵Ҳǲ̵ģ֪Ǳߵ˹֮ƽʲôӣܻ֮ǰңҪɸĻȴòǰһĳͣΣֻȥūһڷԡ
ͣܡ
ֻﻯˣĺ͵²Ųĥ
ܼȥ
̿ſڵϵ꣬СںС׳ú˫̥ͬüۣԸ񶼺ơ
ҳϵģڶҳϵġ
ǾǸҰɡ̵˵ͷ
һ
ȰĿӣҲȷʵĸһĺͰǣһ֣ӳˣѾԼɾԼҵˡ
˵ǰǻΪҪԼħݶΣѾûһˣʮĺӣǾشʱ򣬶뵽Ȩƣ˾ǳ̣ȲΪ̰ǰ
ҪʲôԼûס
ѾܲסˣСںС׿һԸȴ죬СʵˣԿ˻֮ĵġ
Сײǣħ嶼ģǸһѷĵƫӲۡ
޷Լĺһ߽·ֻܰи̡
ǳ˴ҩ⣬̻ӿСβ͡
СںСȻҲħ壬һ֪˶ٴѪǵƯġ
һĵƯ
ڳ̸հ˴سǱǱͿʼ˴ˡĻ
ǿ˹صﶼ˼ͬ顣
ͺ˹㿷֮ޣɷǵʱɷߣɷ򷢴ˣȴ»»ˣ
˹أ
˵ʱЦ˺ܾãȥ˹صգð㻹ÿǸ
˹ץס˳̵صײȥЦôˣ
˹Ϸʵ˵Сӡ
Ժ˵ԽԽˡ
ιǡҲǽֵΣύµ˿ͳƣ˹¶ȥʱˣʿˣڼǡ
ڳ̵£һֱ˹¶ū
Щū˹¶Ժ󣬻ᱻõİ÷ȻǰŹǸһʱ䣬ͻᱻֵߡ
꣬ǲӵԼĻʱ䣬Ǵūɵʱ䡣
ϾūǲôҪҪȫС
Ҫɱһˡ̾˿˵ЩѾʼˡ
ȻǰģȽҪѵãΪҪʱ䣬ҪϹʯľ׵ãѵá
ڣʥԺңǺݺݷһʲơ
һ⣬Ǿˡ
̻ڲҲ档
̼ǵǰһ仰аٷ֮ٵʱ˸Ұ˼䷨ɲڽ¡
ο⻹ǰٷ֮ٵ

ʲԼĸɶ˵ճºޱҲȥ棬˵յƷ֮󣬾ȥҮ
Үûֹҵֻũҵڲ˶˰Ү⣬ȲȥռгڰҮ˼ңΪҮ̻һԱ
ʲóƾƺһھƣԱߵŮ˸ʲʲô
ʲǺܿģºޱ
ŮЦһΪҲġ
ʲ۲Զһˣ̫̾ˣҿ𡣡
ŮһѪǲҰɣ
ʲ˴Լ櫣ͲҪЦˡ
ֳˣĸԼˣҲѾȫ⽻Ϊ˷ֹûɫԻ󣬻òͲΪĳһˣѼ嵱͸ԷˣѾ˼ͷȨˣӳء
ˣϣȥ˵յ֮תȥЩԺǿģ
涯ģѾо˴Խȥˡ
һжúܲ˶ҹ˵úܺ£Χ˶˺ܶࡣ
ø꣬йԡ
ЦЦ˻𣿡
ʲɱӴģ˾ˡ
櫳ʲĲͬʲһ嶼ڴ̣ΨһˣֶӰܣڲûо̣ȥ˱Ĺ˻飬׼˵ˡ
ʲĶԴ
ûѪԵϵݣȻԥ
һ´Сʱʼ͸ߣǸˡ
˷ѵֱɱ
櫣ҶЩĽˡ
Ǹ޴СүȻúõĻڣȻ˼̳ˣɴԼС̶ӣڼ֮ߣҲһʼҲ
Ҫǣƺǰ˵ӣҲС⡣
ǲΪǳ
ʲѾƿݸ櫣ݺİɣ㲻ģľͲǼˡ
ʲȻʴȣҲֻǶʴȶѣǲԱʴȵġ
οѾˡ
ʲ˹¶ķ򣺡˹¶Զǣˣûһһ
һ
ʲҪȡᣬʮʮȫúá
櫿ЦһֻɱǾͻᷴˡ
λӣҲûôȡ
ʲԼǾ櫽ԳΪѣ˵ҲûжصǺĵĳıߣҴ˽
櫿ʲ
ʲֻҪǮӦǲܾģʱٰԼһЩɱˣȥסǵļˣ¾ͽˡ
룺ǵĺӡ
ȫɱ͸ˣ
ǲɱĻЩ˵ĺӻסޣиĳˡ
ʲ㲻ɱǣǰǹǵ¹ϷǵĶ
ǰһֱɱǿö࣬ԺǷųˣԭΪԼõĶߣͻԶԷĶԸǣ֡
ʱЩ˼Ǻ޵ľͲˡ
櫶ʲл
ʲЦŰڰ֣ôӣá
飬ˡ
ЩۼſڵǺܶ඼Ǵģǲûи˹¶һչ˹¶չԺŹǼӪӪøôҲ֪˾ʲôֶΣֻ
ôƴū
ôʤ֮ȴûɱ²
ˣ۵ġ
ǽһ磬һ֣Ǿܲ̽ĵߡ
Ǿǲ²ʱǾͻ¶ˡ
ǲЩƣȻҲͲ˵ǲãûǲǾֻܼ
ʱ򻹻ҵǣǴ
Ը߼۴ǵȥǲִֻҪͽȻȨˡ
ǲң˶Ҳҡ
ūѾ˵ӣʵΪֻ˵ǲܵˡ
ƶᣬ˵˼ˡ
Ǽƻҹ͵ȥ
ȻѸ뿪
˿ܿӰ֪£˿Ѿ˺ӣһŮ˿кֻˣŮͲӡ
ǵϰߣŮõ壬кֻܳ䵱սʿĽɫΣͷҪȫҲŮ
ΪŮĺӣһǰˣа˲һܸŮˣ޷塣
˿ŮҲܽ׳Ҳˣ˭ԴŮǴһ˿иྫ˵µˡ
ȲҪǡ˿Լ˵Ҫװʲô֪
ʲôĶУʱһ˵Ҫȵʱʱ򣬰Ƕץ
Ǳߵİô죿
ǿ˿ǵ˿Ϊͬԭ򣬰Щˡ
˿Į˵û֣֮˶˵ˣ˵ˣ˭ߣ˭͵
ǵõ׼ȷĴ𸴣뿪
ֻа
ǻȻĿ˿һŮſڵʣ˿ˣǱϾǵġ
һԿ࣬һѣŮ
˿ѵҪΪߣ˺𣿡
˿󣬵һȴǻǲǵãûˣǾ˶û˰ū
ǵĺӣӵĺӣԶūҪΥƶĹȥЩ𣿡
Ųӡ
ҲС˵԰ǹصʱ䳤һ㣬ȥɿɸꡭ
˿ҡͷһǷַĴȴֻᵨӸ󡣡
οǻţ˻᲻ȥ𣿵ͷϣ˵𣿡
Ƿ
˿˵̫ˡ
˿Ҫסн죬Ϊˣǵҳʵֵһᣬûǣõˡ
˿Į˵ҪǣҪ
ΪԶǣǱô˿Լͬǡ
ģģǣһ죬ǵ߽Ĺȥ
н죬Ǿٱūģ
ΪˣԸΪУǿܻںΪЩˣΪ˴ʱ˿̵ͬΪ˰˵Ϊǵδ
˿ʹ˸ɫ
ʹ˽
ǲ˰ǵİץסǡ
˿ˣ㲻ôǣҲǰˣ
㻹ǵʲô𣿣ǰˣǵ峤峤ˣ
˿ѵѾ㵱ΪԼ𣿣

˿վ̨£ޱĿǣȵǱȥ֮ж̨ϡ
ŮߵߣСοˣԺԺǻᶮĿĵġ
˿ƣҡҡͷǲᶮңҲöң֪ʲô
κΪеˣǵĵˣֻǲƽģ˳Ļȥ
˿ѵЦЦֻ뿴ܴõȨ
̽ǶôӰ
Ǳˡ
ʲôڱ䡣
Ǿ˵ĻģֻĴǼˣһԹԶС
˲ڣǵͬ壬ǲŸôƶɱǡ
Ƕҳϡ
ҲŬԼıȨ
ףΪʲôӵһУȴԶֹðˡ


184 
кԼĻưͲ˵װ˹¶, Ϊ, һӶ
һԭֻ˹¶ͰҮ, ʲôǮģϾһһһ㹻, û˻üʲô˿һ, Ҳûбĺô, Ǯ
·ʶġѡСҪô˳ȥ
Ǹ׺ӵˣʮֺͰ, ̸ֻµʱ۵ײŻһ˿⣺ϣڳӦǡ
Ҫ˳ȥ
ߴÿһξʿפԭ⣬·ֻһΣΪʲôʿפôܼ
ǶˣԷǵת, С·ѲĻȥ
ǲߴҹѶ˳ȥ
Щģ˵û
˵ȷʵ, 𾪵ǣ˵ڵļǣȻû, Ҳ˵ƽҹҲ·ϡ
ÿֵפһĿˣͻץסѯʡ
˵٣ԾȻҹС͵Сûм
Ҵûз½״ķˣ
˵ģȻĳǣȻĳǣ
˵֮ǰӼֱ׻ˣ
ŴǲҪСģõģӦǵ˺о顣
Щ£Ȼ֮ǰҲаɹ˳ȥˣʱ򣬻ûô˹ء
һ֡ǻô
Ǹʴȵˡ˺Ȼ˵˵仰ĻЩ˼˵˵µĳǸŮˡ
һʴȵ˺һŮˣץǣֻô
˿ĭ뵽ԷŵĸǮô޴棬û˵
һͿԻȥˣǴ£ٵĵ壬Դ
Ȱ򵽵˻סķӣⷿӺвֿ⣬㹻ѷе
Ȱҹǵ˾ͻǽŪȥٴǹ۲õģûС˳ǡ
Ǻܺ£ҹĻոս٣Ѿŵһ仰˵ˡֻǸС˰
ʹӶС˵ˣҾЩԡ
ʹȻūΪع崦űūģܹǸߵȽ
ʶ֣飬˽ʷͨ˸༸ּʶ
֮󣬺ܿͷʹڲ֮ͬԼһֱʹӴߡ
ǷǳҲǳʹӵġ
ʹҲûй
ʹӰ㿪ˣ˵ˣһж̫ˣҴǰ̻֤ˣҪڵмңӣиĸУһҪϲĸ޶ĹϵڣֻҪ򣬾򵽡
һôң
ʹӣҰȥҵ˴˵ֻһСԸ˵
˺ܶ๦򣬼ĥƤŴһС׳
Ƕôֲ£һǵˣһؿƿ۶ĺôԸ졣
ʹӵൽڶͣ
ӻˣ⡢Ǹ壡
ʹӣˣǱҪ취ǲǸͷġ
ˣѾѾ˳Ѿˡ
ʱͷץˣҲᱻֵ϶Ӳģ
ʹӽץס֣ˣһ취
ʹӣʲô취
Ѿˣҡ
ʹĿᶨ˵淢ˣ˵ʱҪȥҪ
һҰףܳȥЩ˻ǲͬ𣿡
ʹӣˣΨһİ취ˡ
ӽԺ͵ǣǲڱֻῴڱͱ˺һ
Ǯ⣬Υģ˭ҲҪһʱͱԼһĺϻˣǻĻﲻȥ
Ҫɱ
ڷʹӣҡԺô죿
ʹӣԺ뿪˵£ֻҪ뿪ͻҪҿԺһȥҸȻѼ˽ӹ
οˣǰ⻹Ǿ·ֺýţҵġ
ȥƣȥܻ쵽һڷԡ
ҹˣƣ̧ͷǳǽèУèֶּ⣬֮
ôĻư׵ǽ⣬ǽҲˣǲţǽֵǽȴһС
תͷվԼЦ˵֮ϵͲٱˡ
ͬı˲̫ǳˣһ۾ܿκһɵӣӵġ
Ѿˣ˳֮ȥϣһ
Ȼµˣͻ淢һһ֮ȫټ
õ϶Ϣ󣬱ضҪòڹͱˡ
˸Լ׳ʹ˸ɫҪڷ
׳ǳ߹ȥ
һ̣ʹӺȻһѣȻǰˣܣ
ƵĲһӣײײǰ˼
һתͷͿʹǿסˡ
̫СˣĴȻûжԷĸ첲֣׳һȭȥ͵˵ϣûιȥҲûзסһ˵ȣԼݣݺҧڶԷϡ
ȥʹӣһ׳Ѿˣæܡ
ȭͷϵʹӵ
ƺҲŵ˴ʹƮɢѪζ
ҧŴܡ
ŭȥץˣ
ʹӱסȵ׳鼱֮һʯͷ˵ͷȣ׳һȥ
˵ˣԴ˸ѪԽһ
׳ý߿ʹӣ׷ȥ
ûԺôֻԼĴϢı׳ĽŲ֪һץסˡ
ʲô룬Ҳʲô룬ֻ֪Ҫܣܣ
ܳŵһ̣žԼ˹ظߺˣˣҪ͵ȥҪ˽ȥ
þԼԼĺȻͷһ³һѪ
Ȼ󡭡Ȼһ˹
ֻ׳ֻͣ岽ĵط
£ЩǵˣãĿǳȥЩһסֽš
ȻҲ˽ȥʹӡ
ʹڵϣͷϱһûкϵ¶ҲʧָţҲûȫɿ
ײײ߹ȥ۾һƬѪ죬˫ϥһڵϡ
ϥйȥʹӵͷԼϡ
֪Լ¼ҲʹӣҲ˵ʹӡ
ʱʹӾֵܣһ̣һա
ǸĸͬǾֵܡ
СʣȻޣžѪ
ȻСİʹӷ£˫Ŀ죬ͬӵĶûֻǸסˡ
͵˹ȥȻ˵ҧıӣҧ˵ϵ⡣
Ѿòˡ
Ҳһæʹô󺰴С
ھˣΪ˸ԷֹѪֱӳ˵εľƾȻֺֹѪҩ
һϵв˹ȥ
޲֣ضˡ
Ǳһؽ˵ΣЩƺʹֱصһߣȴ˱صһ
ϹսˣֶϽҲټǻͷһοϱҧ⣬ûбӵˡ
ǿţ֪Ҫ
ǿŶᡣ
ץ˶٣һİһ
һСƬЦ˵ֹ١
ҲЦȺˣΪɵӡ
Լ°ͣǵĵҪˡ
һϣһץ˰˺ʹԼƴڵǧˣ⻹ڳץĽӦˡ
Уֻһҷ
Ҳڵڶ˵£ͬģ˹¶ԼҮ᳤̻
⼸᳤ѾµĻˡ
ǸΪǵĳ̲ô룬˺ˣǾȫˡ
ǰһλ壬Ϊһ˿ˣԾͶ˶ǳ̣һĸ˲˳ۣͻ˰˵
ȨƵһǨŭЩû취ֿġ
˭ȭͷ˭еֻ˭ġ
ֱȥ˵µĳǱ˿ѾһڹԱųǱſˣһ˶¡
Ŀбӣֻھ˿ʱ˵ҽ
˿æվڳ
̹˼ҪڹԱǰ˿ӣûκ˸ϣ˿Ҳܻ֣̿˴֮󣬳̲תͷ²֣
˿ҧŴ˵ˣֻڻɱǡ
Щˣһֱݲɱǡ
̣֪Ϊʲôѡ˵𣿡
˿һش
ЦЦΪǸѵ侲ˣλӿʼͲڰˣҡ
ҪΪ˰壬ΥҶµĹأ
˿æȥѾܾûйˣʱˡ
̣Ҫ֪ǣаˣоؾţͷˣȫֻа˲𣿡
˿ˣûС
Щƣİڰ֣Ҳںôģֻģ㷢ǵΥصʱ͸õϣ޶ȵĸΥصĴۣҲͲһˣ˿㣬λӣر
˿߳ܵˣˣҴˣͷҰɡ
ˣøˡ
̾˿԰˿˿ֻǷһ󣬵󲢲иĻᡣ
ֻ㹫ĶԴˣܹúãԽƫǣֻܸ֮ҡ
˿սľվʵѾܾûмˣȻȷʵƫ
µĲˣˣһ˲䣬ͻֱӽ˿ǡ
ΪֻܹĴ
˿Լһƣ죺ˣҰɡ
ҲҪ˿ְ˾ƫԣ޷ģִС磬Ļοĵط
ֻǽѾһ˿
⼸꣬˿˵¸ɵúܺãȻ˸ͷԭ򣬵ĨɱĹ
ҪɳҲԸ
ȱ˲ţûоڶʱһ˿ˡ
˵ҪִǼˡ
˿ҧ˵ķԸ
̣ɱǣͻΪˣǻ㱳塣
˿ݵˣ֪ʲô
ļȻǰȥ
˹¼ҹˣҪλȣԶҪ֧֡
ȻǾܱ뾤ҵҵ㡾ְأԶϡ
ôһ˲䣬Լ̡ܲ
ܿʹ
ڵѣҡ
ũΧвͨģܶǺܵ֯Ǳڲ߽⡣
̲ԼĳҲ䵽ĵزȥȻȵ˽Ѿˡ
ûȥЩˣҲ׼ȥǣǵĽ͡
ǰǣȥν֡
ƽǺ֪ܿЩ˵СΪ
͵ط
ȥԺЩᱻ´
Щᱻǣ
ƽǳ޵ĿЩˣǼֱܼ񵽵κζЩȥҲط㣬ֻͷ
Ϊصĳͷˡ
ôˣôˣĳ϶ȫɱˡ
ǻôƲѲƲ϶ܱԼһϾˣĳҲòôǮˡ
ǰȺ˴ڳȦȻְǴһשĸ̨ϡ
Ȼһר̷ĹԱվڸ̨ߺһ֡
Щеֵ˱ǣ̨ϣ£ȻԱЩ˺˵£Уնף
̨ϵ˻ûзӦͱõͷ
ЩǴʿСģûһϣҪҽǶȡ
ҲЩֵҲС
̨˲
ǶˣǻعͿʼǮǮԸвƲ׸˵ֲҵ
ɱңһкӺ͸ĸɱңҲǮǮ
ˣǣһɣ
ƽҲһĻŵˡ
οЩרŴд̵᳤̻ͳԱǡ
Ա֣ץˣһһͷأȾ˸̨͸̨µʯ·
ֱץ̨ʧǣȣѾʧȥꡣ
Աȴ˵Ȼ˽Ϊٱ˽й֣һȥ
ְ̨ȥ
Ƕǵһ졣
һ죬˵µƺǺģǱǼǻ֮ȥѪζ˵ѪȾ˵µ·
ûǵһģû¶档
Ҳ̰ͼЩ˵ļҲ
ֻҪǵĵӣҪһѪ·Ĺ򣬴ӽԺ˵²һһѲ˵ȥ
վڳǱĴߣ˹վԱߣһ¿ȥ
˹İѳ§
ޱ飬ƽĿһУһһĸԼȷ¡
ҪĲˣǸ࣬ƶģģҪȥģռ˿ڵƽ
ΪˣӲ
ص䣬ֻô


185 
ѪȾ̨ʯ壬ƺûɶӰ, ƽֻΪҪǵ˶˷ܡ
ڷֳеĵ֮Ѹת, ˲û³ǱﲻûйĶС˵Ұ, СԹˣǲŻ³
С˵³Ͱ, ǻϧģԹԵػԼλӡ
̻Ļ᳤Ǳ˵ӡǲûм, , ǻźĲԼĶͷ
Ǻٻĸо, гʹˣҾȥʳĵ̡
ǵһοôô࣬һһͷ
ƺЩͷԭҲӦǵġ
ƵԺ󣬳̾ˣǲٸΥҲٸ̵̽ĵߡ
ͬʱ, ̻õһϢҮСˡ
ҮһµĹλũ١
ǵֵֵõ, ֪μ磬ʲôʺϲ֣ʲôʱӦջ, ôγ溦ô
ǲһζֵأֵͷ˼ˡ
ù°ЩȻǻֺأҪԼ֪ʶ̸ũ
˭ڵջĶ࣬˭ְõ๤ʺͽ
ũҲܾ˭ϣԼĲأϾǲؽ˰ģֳʳǵģ
̹ȥҮ̻õļ۸ǾԲģһ󲿷֣ЩǮ㹻ǹúˣСԼԺ͵һ֡
ô֣Ҳũٽǡ
Ү˻ĺܵÿµ֮󣬾ȥķǾƹݣһСƣһ˵ʳ
ټϰҮ˿ڼ򵥣԰Ү˹ôҸ
Щ˿ڶ࣬ض࣬ԼֲģС
ǸСʣʳǵģСԾʲôʱҲܾʲôߣҪȥǩͬ
Ү˺ܶҵ˿ڡ
ó̾úܸˣʱŷ֣ҮһôɹĳУһũҵΪĳУûũǰǵĴũԼ棬ԱΪūԼܵõϣΪûũóôɡ
⣬һϢƻ𷻵İоµĻҩȣǻŰѸըҩ
ΪǾϴδ̵ģըôãû̫ɱ˵ߵѾܴˡ
ǾͱųɹãɹҲûʲôͷһ¡
ըը֮󣬸ᱻһ˲ıȥЩ鶼СҲ̫
ĵطʣ˲Ҫ˵ĵطʣҲʧȥս
˷ܹ裬üѼæҳױˡ
Ҳû뵽Ҳ뵽İ취ԼСǵǻۣ
̫Դˣ̶Ϲܼʡ
ִԽðʷʱ˶ᡰȥ
ǿ֪ôŪģ֪ôϸͣȴͻʱȥչЩ
̵¶Ц̫Դˡ
ԸʡֻҪÿζܼǻ۵Ĳ
̽ӼЩˣҸǶ˹١١
ǻӵԼĹٷǲ˽⣬ǻܴͽЩͽܱǶԳĹˡ
̰Ǻݺݵؿһ١
ǲ̸Ǵñȸһˡ
ֻҪڣ˹¶˾ǰȫģ˹¶Ľߣ˹¶Ӣۡ
Ȼ̾˸Ǵϴ컨ûɫۺɫҲͰɡ
ǾôǱһ٣ֱȥϴϴǵͷͣǿ͹ˮģǰϷۺɫĻȻ󡪡Ǿ
ж͸磬սһ
ǱڳĽֵϡСǵԱкüɤŴǵĹ
˹¶Ӣۣ
ǴĶ˹¶˶˰ȫĺӣ
ƽǺټν֡ˣǷˣǱ˾޴飬ǲʯͷͳˣʻ
һȺʵһİ˺ߺǵǴֱ˵ģǵͦģǴڣһ
ǻ·ߵİǣǵԼ佱һߵ˵ҵˣ
Ӣǰˣǵˣ
һԱаǡ
ǵսľĳȥĻȻܻƻ𷻣ʼС
۾ĿУҵԼ塪ƳõĻҩĻҩȫ塣
ʲô¶޷赲ǡ
ҮʳҲˣÿũصʱ򣬶ҪǩһͬٷȹȨ
ȻٷҲᰴмջİڣٷũܰʳȥ
һʳҲ㹻ˣ
Үôõأط֣ӼͳȻϵͳֲջܸࡣ
ʳһ˽ǵ֡
㹻Ǯˡ
ƶҲڿʼˡ
̰䲼һ޸ĸĹ¶ɳǱͶȱûй̶ģÿҲͱ
ôأͱɽֵȻȥ飬ϵģѱҪֱӸְûռҲ
ʱѱƽ෣ǮȴסķӶס
һҪνʾڡ
Եȹ±ÿȥʱûһʵġ
ͱҲֻͱϣ˳ԲҲǮֻʳ
һ£̵˶塣
ƽԶԷ峿ֳһʻǱſڣʥһݳǱĳ̣ȻʻڳǱһƬ
ľٶ졣
˹¶⣬Ҳһ
óͷ۵ɨäѧֵĵһѧĸϼңֻҪֵɫɨäǹϵĲѧֻǶ˵ΪʲôûбƴȡΪ֣ǴͼݱģֻҪֹ֪ԭ򣬶д飬ܼ
ɨäҲֻҪһһֵĽ̡
ĸһû취ƽÿһĸֻӲǡ
ûôʦʦƽǱĸ
ǰĸˣǼǵʡ
ȱĲǮʳʶֵˡ
ä̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
˹¶һпܻûһʶ֡
ܶ¶޷дһƪ¡
еְԱתˣʥԺһɨäѧУʥԺеְԱְλߵͣķҪɨäʦ
һѧԼġΪԸ飬ɨäѧУʳһһ١
Ǿкܶйƽͺӹ
Ҳкܶ㹤ģʥԺѧϰһٷԣȥ㹤һһҲ㹻ˡ
ķǺ˷ܡеˣ
֮ǰʥԺʲôˣ񣬲棬൱ڱ
ʥԺѧУԺΪʦܵõһɵģ
ʥԺ㹻һʦԴʮѧְԱǻûΣǴԼе̫ˣеʮͶ롣
Ҳȥ˼ڿΣǽѧһȽĸٽ̵ʣֱӽ¡
Ǹһһƪ£ǱԺ¼ƪĵʡ
ȻĬд
ЧʺܵͣڶССļԾǱȳá
ѧʲôԽСѧԽá
һӣĸͬҵˣСһҵԻ³󣬵ͨԣΪѪܴ𣿲á
ְ̻Ա˿Σֺͳ˷ھ
ͬʱʥԺǱˡ
ʥԺӣֱ׵ĸ̡߳ʥԺټ
̶ʥԺûж˽⣬˽̡֪
ʥԺһ֪
ʥԺͣǸʲôˣʲôѣ
ʹǸ̲ʶˡ
Ҳ˵һȥˣûܺŪʥԺֻʱʥԺûڳʥԺܴˡ
γûиԷϴԡ
ϴҲûãʥԺȫǴˡ
һ֯Ƕվϲ˶ֻѡϡɴѡ
ϡҪǻۣǻۣϡԸϡ
ʥԺڲͳλ
˵̰СʥԺһܴ̰Ļ
ǲԵģٹ꣬ʥԺҪôһȺɵӵľۼأҪôΪһµֻ֯֯һ˶ͬ־Ǿ̫ˣа֮Կ¾ΪǿɥʧԼ˼Ϊ壬ֻһͷԣֻһֻӵһ־ǲˣֻǰ
ϧʱʥԺǻûߵǸزӭΣ
ãʥԺķչһôҲֻܰɱ⣬ܽǳ
˿ɱ⣬־ɱġ
˿
ҺûûзչǸزҺҳһҰĵ
̶ûʲôȥʥԺ⡣
̶Կ˹˵ұȥˡ
˹ػû˵ϹܼҾͼææ˵ˣʥԺĵ̣Ҫʲô
ЦЦûôɵҲ¾ġ
ҲȥҾͲ֪ʥԺʲôͲ֪ʥԺǸʲôˡ΢Ц֪֪˰սʤһ֪ʱͷӬһʥ𣿡
ϹܼҺȻһɫЩӵ˵ʥǻҡ
ϹܼҲ˳ô꣬ų̴һССׯ԰һֻ֪ʲôʲô곤⸱ģ
Ҳӳ̵־ٴпڴ˽µҰĺȻʤ㣬Ϊʲôȥ
ϣøº͵ֶΣʱȥ߻
ο׿˵³Ϲܼ𺳡
˹ԱЦʲô
ıʮ򡣡
ʥʥǸƽԭûеطԲر
ıҲǹ
뻨£壬ڷյӦôȹڡ
ʥԺ˵ˣʥԺƣǱиȣȵı˿ϵ˹Ķ
ʥԺȵĹʲôĽףûұѣһг̶һ֪
˹صָã˹¶㣬пϣ˿ձ棬˵⼸ڶ£ҵˣҮ㹻գ̿ȥһʥԺ
˹ЦЦÿԴȥ
ϹܼҺͳһɴ۾Ϲܼǿ־壬Ǽ
̣ԣӦôȥ
ҫҫ
ͶʱҺʥԺԸԶֶԸ
ʱҪôһȰѳˣҪô£̡
Ϊ˷ֹϣ̵Щ£Ҳʹ˳ʥǣʱ£һһһʽģ㹻վ̨ݡ
˹΢Цаʿߡ
˹Ҳ½½˼ħ壬һδ̫࣬Ҫǰһħϰ˵ϵܴһ
ȻЩħڶֲ֪࣬ôͨһͻᴳ
ȻЩۣ˹һֱҴûıҪʲôʲô˹ض֧
ʱ̶֣˹ԼûҰҪħռ
˹ؾǲ룬Ĳ롣
˹زκˣԼˣֻɱ⡣
̣ǾԸΪݰΪеļ⵶ǰĶơ
ԽףԽǸжжлһ˿ҡ
Լ˹һȻһͨ壬ʮȥˣ󣬿˹Ǿ֧ļߵġ
ʱ򣬿˹˵ཨһС
һƽ⡣
ƽ˹صľ
ƽľǿ˹ء
п˹ڣͲɰ˹͡ˡ
˹͡۵ΪֻһοˣδΪûȨ˹͡ۼ㰮Ҳᱻƺ⡣
ֻѡһ·ʱԼ˹͡۾ֻİ취ħͲᱻԨ֮¡
˹͡һõħƽİ취ҲͲڵˡ
ûѹûƺȻѡ򵥴ֱİ취
̼ȻѾ׼ǰʥǲμڣҪȫ㣬ӵп˹ȥæԼæǡʲôﶼȲʵĳʸЩҪһ󲿷֣ǹģ⣬ҪϽЩҪ塣
һˡ
ЩȫˣԶӧоͰ˹ء
˹Ѿˣ˵Ҫȥʥ֮󣬾뾡취ڳǱתƣΪʦǹܼңҲӡ
Ȼ׼ˡ
˼ơ
ϣҲõļı
˹ԼûŹǿǸУҲǿǿ̣߳Ҫֻˡ
ʥǻһѹ󸾣ǻǵӺ˾Ͳһˣǿαװɰˡ
ʲôǰأȥ󸾲˻УǵɷҲֻ۱ֻۡ
̺Ҫôαװ˿Ӳһ֪
˹أˣкܶ˵ˣʱҲϣǲоͿˡ
ЩԥǾò£ⲻͳɹ깫
ѵһ󸾣ͶԷˣ
˹С˵ˣģһ᲼úõġ
Ҫ˿ĲŻֻˣҲԶڱûˣ
ԸӵĿȥŰɡ
֪˵ĵµжˡ
ֲʱôԸм˵ˡ
˹ءš뷨


186 
ȥʥǣ̾û׼͵, ˵µȾµĿȾ, ܰ·Ⱦɫӽɫ, Ҫ΢ǳôһ㣬ǳҪߵ˴, Ȼ·Ⱦ·ѹ, ˲١ʱ, ˵µĸֹȷˡ
ֻ֯֯鲼޲, ȾֻȾ·ֻ¡
ĶֿˣƷ˵һ֣һ֡
ΪЧʷ˲١
ѡʿȫǽ̹ǰߣĺѡġ
ȫһվ, ٴɫѹ͸𺳳̶Ⱦû˵
Ҳ, õǳޱȣëɶϡ
ǰҲǳ, ž˳ǹǶܱѹڻûֻʵͶ乤Ͷը
׼ȷ˵ҪߵˣǺ˵¡˹¶ԼҮĳ֮ľӢӡ
ǶϹսҺֺýƽģҲǾҹѵӺнֹʿ
ʱսϣȵĲǱߵľж˸ǿȵ˭ʿ
̹Ҳһ룬һ롣
Щ̹ٶ˹ؽ˵ӣҲƶǼģҲ¡
ʱ־ȰҪҳϡ
Ǹױһˡ
ұһˡ
ʿͱ⣬̻Ҫߺܶʳࡣ
ǺͿбˣȻĶãһŵ㣬ŵľá
ûˮһֱָܴʱ䣬ܾҪë
бҲܴźܾá
֮ԴӳҪȥμڵϢųȥ֮󣬸жæµĲУҲۿɼĶ˲١
ܶҲֻͱˣ¶ڶڻһʲٵǮ
῾ûϵĥС
ûĥ棿ҲûϵɸС
ʲôɸ涼ɸãȥСŪɣҪٲᣬ㲻ȥһΡ
Ҳ˺ܲ
Ҫȥʥˣ
ڣǲʥ鰡
˵أ
ǲܣҪʥ飬ôĸ
ǡǿ϶ʥǱȥģ
Ȼʥǿ˹ȥҪˣ
Ժò׹Ϻӵƽ˵ڵͷһ
ǲöԳ̱жٸ顪û̡
Ƕг̣ǵĽ죬ǲԼĺӣضŶӺȷ磬ҲΪһڳԵľͰԼȥ
Ҫǳ̱أ
һоûˣ
µĲǴδõǵõʧȥ
һһҹէһһҹƲ¡
ٸƲѡ¥ǽܲ
ȥƽǰ취İ취
ԣסˣȥ
Ҳᷴ
˲ȥҪʥǾôзģɱô죿
԰ֻȥڣǲϺ˰ɣ
ο˿϶ǴҪǴԼȥǲȥǲǲ̫ã
ƽ磬ÿ춼ҪڳǱԱתһȦ
ҲкܶˣҪ׷ȥʥǣ
࣬ȺмŮ˼࣬ڻûаѿѿ̽ʱ򣬳̾ˣȻǾͲԺȣԶѧϰСˣˣǵӺܴ󣬲ҶԳһֿȵĳݡĽǿ̾ǿˡ
ֵģǰ˹¶¡
ôˣҹ͵Ϯ˹¶ûܿͱˡ
֮ճ˴мǧ˹¶ľն£˾Ǳ²
Ǹǲμӹսģ
в˵ĸףζҪųȥʥǡ
ӦǸʿһıսʿ
˿˾Ҫ׷ȥʥǵеһԱסڳǣѾˡǴģΪˣʧȥһ첲Թ顣
ǵԼױͻʱȻѪѾֹסˣɫ԰ףһ̾ͻһ˶¼ˡ
ϾǼҳ˸⣬ֻӻеȥһɣĸ׻ҪڼҴĸܵܺá
ӵĹԱˣ
˵սˣÿǼҶ쵽ʳ
ʳأ
쵽ȥΪֹ
Ȼʳ࣬Ҳ㹻һ˻ȥˡ
ʳ⣬ǮҹԱҲ˵ˣǼֻҪʳֻҪǮԡ
׾ҪǮֻҪʳ
Ϊǲȵģ׼ȷ˵۲ȣǮĹȡ
ֻҪʳõġ
ܶˣµ߶ܿһָֻɵˣǼҾͳ׺
ȥ˹¶Ժ󷹣ܰԼĺҲȥһҲǴһѺҲÿ⿴źӣŮԱ
һЩʱСһЩС⣬ȥˣҲա
ְȥֳؿȥˡֻ˲еĸ˫ǽȫģΪ֣ԷҲƿء
ֳֻĳõĲ𽺣ľ֣Ҫõ󣬵ûʲôһ׳ò֮㹻ġ
ÿǼҳԷǮǮһҲһٶöͭҡ
ܹˣ
ԭ˿˻ȥҹĸ֪ʥԺѧУԶʶ֣ѧУһٷ֮󣬾˹ȥ
ڿ˿кܶͬѧÿξͻؼңӹñˣʱѧУ֯κӶܵȱ
ܻ֯һƳɣȫǵ˶ڿڸǴ
ȻϿβ죬ɲϿεʱÿ˿˾ԼҸˡ
˿ҲϿΣμϢʱͬѧԶԷΧһ
һߡ
Ҳ룬Ұְֲͬ⡣
Ұְֿܻͬ⣬϶ͬ⡣
˿˺ȻʵǸĸͬ⣬Ըһȥ𣿡
ʿûȫأ
ַһŮ˵ǿĸϡ
˻Ȼ򡪡԰˲ǣǿĸھӵƨɺ档
ֻҪСһ㣬Ͳһᱻ֡
ųȥʥǵʿҲõ˳ŵ˳н·ϣʥǣǵļ˻õһʰҷѡ
ûмˣҲԼǰҪǮ˭
ߵһ죬ȫͣ˻ƽ˻ŮˣСˣϽֵ
ӳǱʱ˸һ𳯳ߡ
ˣһҪ
ˣ㣡

ǿ޺ţ˺ԼǰſڵϺֹ
˿Լؿڡ
ʵΪʥǵҪ̡
⵹ĳ̾Щ棬ͬʱЩġ
ԭȨûô󣬹ַƽֻ֪֪ҵľ棬Լҵ
ǶңȨû̫оġ
ΪĸԶʥԺҲûʲôøУ㲻УҲǺøС
̺Ȼһɣڿ˹صϣſ˹صĺڷЦһͦĵġ
Щ
˹Լͷ۾˵ֲ
̣ǰֻҺʥԺƽûӡ
ƽǺܴģмȻкóˣⲿռ˶Լǻۡ
Үƽм䲻ߣ֪ôβͬĳ溦ʲôʱӦ֣ʲôʱӦջͷܿġ
ȻĲô׼ʮ׼Ѿܺˡ
ֻǵǻ۲ҪҺʥԺǾ޴ģ֪ˡ
ڳǾ䱦
ķչƶģȨֻǶֶѣʻĶ죬ԿʱмְգǴԱ
ȻƲö棬ôһͻᷭ
Աޣ־ޡ
úʿڿ̵֮Ҳ˾޴Ļ
ƽǲͬǲ£෴Ȼ֪ԼҪȥʥʲôҲһԭ׳־
ԭũūūƽ񣬵ڣʿзиߴĿȥʥǣҲԼʥǵʿ
ԴԺΪ԰
ûеĺ̶ˡ
ѹʽʤ̣ʿȳĻҪࡣ
ȻǾôƺƵ·ˣȻ̾⡪ʱҲûʲô·뿪Լ֮󣬳̾ͷʱһ˳ԶŶôѡ
֮ǰׯ԰˵£ҲûôѰΪʱ٣ҲԶ
֮ڳһӵʱ˶Щ
˹ص˵ôҪӣõİ취һȽխĵطƽȻȥ
̣ƽô죿
ˮǵ࣬ǻֵġ
˹ؾɵˣûǹסڸƽô졣
ȻӲУǾֻʣѡźͳ˴
Ǽ˴ҲҪ촬ǳֻ̾ͣţɳ˺⣬ǻ⣬ɽֻС·ûд·̵ͺȥôأֻǿп·СֱҪȿȻ
̾ʽȥڿ϶ʥǣ˵ߵ궼ˡ
ֱֲӰʿ¡
ҲֻԼӦоٶȡ
ΪʲôϹܼ˵ʽ̣꣬߰꣬дʮʮˡ
һʱҪ˷оϡ
Ҳǻػͬһطû·ĵطҪ¿һ·ʮֺʱ
ôҲûһͳһƬ½һ꣬ͳһ˵ġ
ûһΪԼܻһꡣ
Ҳûйãһ꣬ﻹб´ʮ꣬ھûжû㹻ˡ
ƥ
̾Լ۽绹̫Сˣׯ԰˵£ٴ˵µ˹¶ƺɴС㹻
ǵ߳ңž󣡱Ĵ
ڰżȥﲻ̫ãΪۣȸûмӣʱ䳤˾ͻĥƤѪ졣
Ļһ顣
ƥǿ˹ظģһƥԸ˳ɫĸⲢһƥСĺܺãƤ͹ˮϰʱԾصʱʮȵܿ죬Ҳսѷɫ
̻ȡ̤֡ѩ
ΪȻɫȴǰɫġ
̻̤ѩе㡰ƶһ˸ιϣͻܸӵĳԡ
һ粻ôˣͷ棬·Ҳôɾˣ̤ѩͻᳯԷˮҪ
ЩЦá
ϲƥϵʱ򣬾⡣
˹ҲһƥһƥҰѱƥƥڰͷβǰ׵ģǺڵģһ㣬͡һܳ۵糸ٶȣҾԼϵˣôֻп˹ܹˣҲС
ЩԴס
Ϊʲôȥ̲̫ˣرϲ˹صĺ˧۾һףȻǿ׳ܾʱ˧ó̶Ҫˮˡ
ƥ
˹ֻ˵Ҷ
˹ȥΪƥû취˦ȥֲһֱܣֻܸˡ
̾˿Ȼбµģ˻ƢȽϴ󡣡
˹ر̶Цˣѳ̱񱧸СһţȻ°͵ų̵ĶͷʣƢ𣿡
̣ôΪҲ֪ÿμ˹ܵǰ㶼һҪӿôˡ
˹뵱˳û뵽ˡ֮ʣֻܹԹȥˡ
ȻðͷȱˡŪǾ͵òʧˡ
˹صǺֱ׳ЦҾͲĴ
̣
û취ƱģӴԽ￪ʼĴ
Ȼֻп˹سɹˣ˹ؾͺаȫС
ʵǳŮͨɱ
С˵ҲҲûټ𣿡
Լռ̫ԼΪʲôռеΡ
˹ÿһ⿴ʼʱдеľͲݴԣȷʵÿΪûʲôˣζ˱ǣˣ⾰ɫҲûʲôÿˣһӡ
Ҳ˼У˽ȥ
ԼΪ˵ľӺܿ£ЩǵǴĶĶȥһҪǮĸһѶ
ҲΪʲôôСһͨĳУ˿ڶ򣬼˵ľӣɲҪ
ܹˣŭ˶ԷȻϲߣ͹㣬Ͷǻ
˹¶ʥǣ̴ڶġβ͡˽ʱ䡣
⻹Խʥ·ԽõĸȻһֱſҪһʱ䡣
ԽǿʥǣоԽ
Ϊڶ߲࣬ƣҲдǵסǣҪ顣
ʥԺȥ󣬶ԷǲС
˴Ỵ̈ǡҪμڣԣܺá
㲻ܴôʿȥȻһȥʥǣҪʲô췴
һҪȥҾֻܸ㿪ս
ǳֻ̾ý̹ǰ˴ɢЩ˲ܸʥǣôǣͿ̹ǵġ
ǵǿˣЮһСǣȥԣɱ޹αװǿҲֻ塣
û˱֮󣬳׹أֱʥǡ


187 
ʿ󱻳̴ʥǵֻвˣһǧ˶ֱҵط
ԭҫһġ̾˿, ҫҲ̫ź, ֻսϲá
Ҳһ, ͱƵʥǺԸ
ڳʿ˵һر, ʥԺҶ֪жٳʱܳΪ£Ķ
ȻûܴһʼĿ, Ҳ, š
ʥгǽģǽδ, ǽûճϼΪ˷ֹõĶǾ޴ʯשһȥĳǽܶˡ
һطˣͻһƬˣ˹˵ʥÿҪ޳ǽÿ޶Ҫǧˡ
˹Ǹмʶˡϲ̻֪, ʶеġ
Լ˵Ǹ˵˽ӣڻһ˼, ڱɷ֮ɱˣû¾˺ӡ
֮ǰɷһֱûиͬ, һĶӡ
󸾺ܰӣɷ򲻰ԸȥԺҲԸͬİˣ˹ؾͳΨһļС
þְ취ס˼˹صȻż˹ԽԽ󣬳ԽԽɷֶɱġ
һ족¡
˼òŮˣһǮ֤ºǵõࡣ
ɷһҹ֮󣬱⼸òŮ˴ϡ
·ˣλ󸾴ԼǺȻ֣ɷԺһжˣ׼ü˹ðӵݼ̳оλˡ
ҵĹϵһĸ󹫾񣬹Ҫʲôʲô
ǺλѸͳΪŮ
Լ˹ػаģֲϣ˹һֱǰͰѼ˹иһλʫˣ˲Ǯ˵ÿʫֻҪ˵طס˸ֻ֮Ǯȥ
Լ˹زÿ࣬Գ˵Ҫ費ģǻġ
ĸֻûɱѾǺģĸˡ
Ϊĸľģ㹻ģܴȥɷﱣסһ
΢һЩûˡ
˹أʫ˴ȥܶط
С;޶ȥʥǣҲȥƶСǣʫһʼֻǰһû׸Ϊ𣬻£ʱˣʫ˶Ҳ˼顣
˵ܿ࣬ûʲôࡣ
ĸ׳Ǯ󷽣ʫ˶м顣
Ҫûĸͳߣ˵ôá
Ͼĸÿ껨ôǮһΪԺΡ
ûʱˣĸֻǸ鷳Ǿеġ
˹ʵ˵û裬ûˡ
Ȼ˹ؾ͸̽ʥǡ
ʥǽֵǡء͵ģһһмССܲΪʥǼһֱڼӽкܶطʵûмڵͼġ
ҪʥԺҪر˹˵ʥԺܲ򡣡
ֵʥԺ˿ڲֻ𣿡
˹ҡͷ˵ʮǰ˿ˣһûū
̣ʮǰô겻˿ղ飿
˹룺ūҲ˿ʥӦʮˣūҲӦʮ򡣡
۾ˣʮǸˣŬһܱسǣ
ΪԼسǴСĳˣû뵽ʥԺǿԵģûһ׶
˹ؿԼļĬһݵͼȻݵͼôҪķλǱ˳ġ
ʥԺ˹ָָǸڵ㣬Ȼֻ˸Ȧһ붼˽ȥﶼʥԺΧ˶ʥͻϴÿҪȥǰʥԺʱͼΪϴʧܶȥͯ
ʥԺϴִ֣õˮ˼˼Уϴǲ۴СҪȫʥˮС
ϴʱǡﶬǡʲرǿôûϴɹģƫƫǵĸĸˮ˺ӣֻʥ鲻ӻȥ⺢ӻȥˣ֮϶Ҳһͽ
Ըĸһֺļ󣬾ͻֱ˽Ảӵ
˹˵Ϊʥǵ˿Ӧûࡣ
üͷ΢壺طʥԺû
˹أطʥԺûʥԺǲͯϴġ
򴽣˵
ʥԺһֱڶһٶ֤꣬һûʥ飬ȻҸûǸʥԺ
ҲԼİ취ΧڵŮ˻֮󣬾ŮȥͬһطͬͬסԺúӵĸĸǮȥѧУǹҵͷ˳㻹ҪڮһʥԺ
ǲܡİ취ԼȮ취˲Ǯ
Ͼʥƽ񣬿ɱȺܶСǵĹ廹ҪǮûǮΪūˡ
̳Ծ͸˵ǣʥкܴһ˶ֵġⲻ˵ϵͳѧϰΪϵͽʥҪġ
ҪҪһǮȥȻҪΪᱳָܰϣʱˣʮ꼸ʮ꣬Ȼͻˡ
ʥֲֻ࣬Ҫĸʣµֿ飬Ҳͼסˡ
ʼ˹أʥԺûЩˣ
ڳ̿Щֵ˺ô֮ǰ˹¶ʱվä̫࣬ʶֵ̫١
˹¶ѧУҪܳʱ䣬ܱĻˡ
ʥԺôֻˡˡһԶĹ
˹ҡҡͷϵ˵ˣ˵뷨һʥԺǣ͸˿һ
ãҲǺãҪʱôҶԿʱ
ҪʱҲͿڴǮеˡ
ЩɵɵʥͽܱʥԺãҲֻ֮ǰɵ˹¶ʹһʲôãλ
ôλأ
˹˵ÿ꣬ʥԺʥĺѡʥӣЩӻʥԺǾͳʥӣиĸˣǳʮ꣬ͻᱻŵطʥԺ˭չͽ࣬˭ܻصʥԺ
̣
ò˵ʥԺһ־ͱҵƯ
Ϊʥǵ뾡ǧټƣζҪһΪʥԺשߡ
ǳΪƬصԺ֮ٻصʥԺҪһǻǻǿˣΪˣҪһֹܶ
Ȼʱܱȡ
ңҾһ̲ˮϮƵȱǶҲǣӵֻеʿ
ʿʲôأ࣬ǽҵĻӣ֮ǰΪӶӳǾǳ˲ˡ
ʿбʹ;λΪģ֮١
ܲô࣬ʿֲɵȻ֪ܲüԲţһʼԵ
ĽʥԺн죬ԭġ
ʥԺôһŪڲǲǻлģ͸һֻҪԵĴͻһֱչ׳
ֱ˶Ϊĸɲߡ
ңʮڸɲʥԺұذܡ
˵ʱֻܳΪʥԺĿܡ
Ȩڣô
̻ȭͷ󣬸ǾȨ񡪡̻ġ
йţƤһ㣬Ϊ˲ڽ̹ЮʵԼĶҲ񣬶Ҳ
йҲûлʵۼɵڽ̵ʱʷϻСһڡѣǳĴ¼
ֻйĻʵֶζȽϺݣȨȨڼԼ
ңͲ̫ˡȨûУǵ£ȨҲûˡ
˼ôϵȱأ
ƽһܼǶԼһ
ôԱͲҪˣڻŵʱ򵱸ʥܱʥŴǰܿ࣬
̾ü˹ȷʵǸ˲ţ˹ȣȥĵط̫٣õϢԴҲ̫١
Լ˹˵ʥԺ㲻Ҫߡ
һһǮôǮĶҶʡ
˹عζˣˡ
΢ЦΣʱ̲Ҫң㱳ҡ
˼˹һȦ
˹صͷȫڷ֪Ϊ־Ϊ˷ܶ
ܿ죬ǾҪʥˡ
ſڵס˳̵ֱȷԺŷȥ
ȻҵˣǶģԶԳʥԺġˡʮֹǮûҪ
̾ôʥǡ
һʥǣ̾˳⿴ȥֵϵ˲࣬УҲŮ˺Сˡ
·û̯һЩ̶ǹŵġ
Ⲣʥһεĳǣʥ»۵ƣĵ治֪ʲô̵ģҲˮ࣬ʯ壬ʮƽûа͹ƽ
ֵз㣬Ҳ࿴רŴɨ
żٶȶ졣
̿λʥĵĳǱʥԺǱӻԻ׳ʯͷģԭʼԲιխСĴǽÿһ磬зĻƣн׺һֻޣſǣֻһѣˡ
ʻһ·Ȼͣ
̳ʵôˣ
æ˵ˣиСޣ
ûˣͻɡͷĴˣһСǮ
Ⲣޱһ£Ҫ׷һ
ֻΪٶԱĿԱȽС
ԺôǴڷյġ
̣ߡ
ҪǸǮһ·Ҫˡ
ҪȥʥԺ
ǲ֪ܼܲʥԺ
ǡĶٶʿӵݣǵҲӳ˸ЯصСһٸӺū
ǰǺˣĸһСⱾţ˵ʱڵʳ
ܿ죬̾ʥԺſڡ
ʥԺȳǱ׳ۣҲˣͬʯͷ죬Ȼͬ̾ʥʥԺĽѾ˵ʽĳΣԲǼⶥ
ֻλеֲڣ߱ʽС
˹ظ
ȥʥԺĴš˹¶ھͳ˳̵͡
Ȼ˲ҳϣôѣץס̿򣬳Ҳƶ¶һ֡
ˣЩϧġ
ǰĶո˳̣ܻǵģʵǸĲԵȡ
Գôܲϧأ
ΣѹͷЩ޷ͷԺͱȫԼ
˼´֮׸ߣĴŻһߡ
߳һʮֳɫˣԼʮ̬꣬һ׵ӣɫĻƣ·ǴõģΪɫ׵ϴһ·ͱȾˣֻܻµģϴ
ı£ף۵״ְԱıˣʱ򣬾ͺ;Сᡣ
һͰ齻
һĿʮеĿĿ䵽̨ϵĳϡ
ѾܾûͷˣôǶȿ˻е档
Ȼ˾̨ףոջһɫڲõһ仨ܵץס̵ĸ첲Ц˵ʥԺѾܾˣ˹¶ΪΪʥԺʡ
֮ʣ̲¡Ͼôãӭֻһˡ
ʥԺҪһ
̾úߵĿԸеЦˡ
ʥԺǰˣһ˳ȻͻᱻһԻۡ
ȻٷһģǿȨô
¶ǵͷȹԹԵһʱ˳˽֮㡣
ʥԺҪģ¾ֻ˳һʱ䡣
Էų̨ףȴɽ
תͷų̣ϻǸЦģ㲻ҽȥ𣿡
һǧ˹¶ϹֻһңҲ̫ˣ
򴽣ܿЦʱ䡣
̼ߣҹҹˣǾôң
һԴɵݵĺܺá
˻ǲһֱôĻһʳˮ
̣Ҿȣ
Ҳ˵ʲôֻ΢΢Ȼ첽̨ףصڡ
˹üͷ΢壬ڳ̵ĶС˵ոտ̫ˡ
̣Ҳܲ׵ĺ𣡡
ûӵܣֻŵϿݣΪݵһ㣬λ׶
׶ͷȿ˹ذòɾˣܿ԰ݳߵġ
ʵҪŮǲԸ£׶Ƿ˳̺ܶ飬͹Թ̵ġˡ
Ȼ˹ֵҲܸߣʿ;ǧ֮⣬Ի׶ʸ
׶Ӻݳ·һĬĬԼ
Ǽٰ̰̽𣿣Եģ
ʥԺڵڹԺصغһȻվڲԶ˵Ǹ˹¶ľĴһֻƯĴ
Զ˵˵Ǽٰġ
ˣٰʲôôȻʥʥԺη
ԶˣҪǲǺܺһˣܱȴ˺ƿء
ˣԣ֪ԼվǿһֻҪĶǸǱ߸ǿġ
Զˣе
̾˿ô죿𣿡
Զʥ˵ȥ´˰ɡ
ˣֻˡ


188 
̻û߽ʥԺʥԺĸ߲Ѿ͸¥Ĵӿ, Ҷ˸ͳĹơ
Ҫô, ǸԴȴһСܺõˡ
Ҫô, ǸҰļң֪ôαװԼ, ɱαˣø档
ǰߺ, ߾ҪѸʱ;ˡ
ʥʦǻһ, һʥʦбǽߣȻְԱ, һְԱʶûУȻһ㣬еӣСʹ󣬵ȴһ˫Ư۾ֻ۾ܱ, Ц˵Ȼһֱţ
ʥʦǣЦˣҪ, תͷͻᱻҵ˴ߡ
ǲܸˣֵ̫ܶ䵭
۾ƯʥʦһԼӣЦ˵Ǿͳȥɡ
ʮʥʦӭ, ӦǸˡ
ʥʦֻʥܵطʥԺûʥʦģʥԺֻʥʦѡΡ
ԴʼգʥԺʥԺĵϵСϴȥתһȦҲֻʥԺ
ʥԺһˣȮ⣬ʱҲ蹷
ʥԺĴڳ״ˣֻţҲֻһС졣
ʮʥʦŶׯʥĳۣǳϵϻȥģ߷ġ
ܳΪ壬壬Ƿ졣
ʥԺƳɫɫɫͽɫһǶֻΪһֲϵԶɫκ϶ɫ
ʥԺ˶ΣʥԺʥʦɫ⣬˶̰ɫɫɫˮɫ峺ɾĺɫɫǴͷβûѺϣɳԶˮ峺ֲԸɫȻˡ
ֻʥʥԺĹأطʥԺôô
ʮʥʦһ滹Ǻ׳۵ġ
ЩʥʦǾϸѡģûһˡ಻ʥҲһ
Ͼͽһ˺ľݡ
ôһʥʦҲһ˫ˮ۾
̵ͺ˵㣬ϾһѺÿ˴򽻵ܱȸһȺǷʳ˴򽻵á
ʥʦǶûʲô飬ʥ£ڿԺһȨ˴ţ¥ݡ
ƽ񿴵һĻͣ´æĽŲʥʦǱء
ֻг̺˲ɽûп־壬Ҳṵ̂Ұģֻк棬Щƽǵ񡱵ʱ򣬲ỳԼԼʥʥĺ˽ΪȨ͵λƭӣʵΪԼĲǷˣ
ʥʦͷǸӣĸߴӦʮൽʮ֮䣬Ѿ߰ףһЩ̬ȴҲˡ
ǶԺӺǶ༸ֿݵģָӵǻۺͼʶһӸλˣͽ
ˡֻʮꡣ
̾ͿŸʥʦߵԼǰǸ족ӣƺʥʦжô˲á
ǹҵڶĿڹ͵쾡¡
ԷҲû¶һӺͱġ
ʥʦԽϣϣܹܺѵһͻ˾һŵˡ
̱ǿ׳죺ҳ̾С
ϣȻ̵ֵ֪֣֪
ϣϸ˵ԺҪ£ҽȥɣѾ׼˷ʳ
ȴΪһ׼ķжжٽֻ׼һªķ䣬ǾԲȥġ
վԱߵġ׶׶һ£æյߡ
׶׳ӣŬװһݵģǿ˹أ˫ֹסҪ֧ӣ˵ҲŲסô࣬ܺúܣֻסȫǽεӣ
̵ļƤѾˣҪؿ׶ģסǾסĶ
ʮλʥʦޱĿǣƺ׶˲䣬Ǿʯͷ׶ͷá
̿ϣҲˣҿסʥԺҲסùȥ
ϣüͷ΢壬ܲͬ˵ֻסʥԺܸõĽʥĴ͸ԺĽ̻塣
̰ڰ֣һ£ʱ˵ɣֱùҡ
ϣҪ˵ʲô̲ôԶʥǣѵΪ˳ԿҪǷҪסȥھߡ
ϣһȥùݰɣԺ飬ʥȥ㡣
̺һ־׶һҲûʥʦǡ
ʥʦĿų̵뿪
ʥʦȻͬϣĴ취Ӧðġ
ֻаʥԺҲŲȥ
ʲôˣǶӦá
˵ˡʥʦ˸ǷЦոǶ˵ϣǿ˹¶۸ϣ۸ѡ
¸˹ôô˵
㲻ҪΪԺ۰㣬ܡ
¸˹΢ЦȥԺ״Ժ᲻ͷҡ
ߵϣߣҲûʲôÿԿҪʲôõʱûз
ϣ̾˿ҲǵǵĿġ
¸˹ЦʲôĿģѵǵƤ³𣿡
ʥʦ˵̫СˣҾǸ޴Դ󣬵ܺõˡ
˵˹¶н죬Ϊдˡ
׶ԼһСţŬԼûдڸУÿ˹صĿɨͣ
ס˹ص֣Цͱˣˡ
׶ӣûûޡ
̰οĺܺã´Ըһ㡣
׶ɥһŬģˡ
̣Ϳ˹صˡ
Ҫ֪ˣ֪Ҫԡ
ǰװ죬߾Ҫ˹ˡ
˹زǶһˣż֣ȫǹܼҵѧǿͬѧ
˵ʲôͬĻǾǶƽӹɾһҵȻҲἳӪӪͶϹܼҵˡ
˹رȳȽǣҸ˷ӡֻҪǮӺҵģ׶ӣ㣬Сĸ¥¥һ¥Ҫ࣬ʥǣҲǺܲķˣھ˵Ǵ˹¶ƽΪ˹¶˲ǮԾͰʥǡ
һŸھǣͼȫ⣬İڼǽһöʯ룬챦ʯԡ
Ǳ˹صĺסˡ
Ȼ˹ؾͿʼҪĴ˹¶ϴ
СˣŮ˹¶ҵɣ־͸ˣܵ١
ûõˣܳԱůΪ˹¶˶࣬Ըǰ˻Ҳһ·
ΪʲôǮΪ˹¶ʱʳһǮ
˹¶ʳʳģ
ҮģΪҮ˹¶ˡ
˹¶ǻƽֻҪнţһʲƵļҲ
ھǶˣΪʥѾǿϵ˹еĳУȴû뵽һʥǸĳܹôԣ
ҪΪ˹¶̫Զǵп϶Ѿ͵͵ȥˡ
Ƕ˹¶ӵ飬ϾϢݼѣǺ֪£Ҳܺ
Ǽ˹ؼÿͣǶԣʼֻصƽ񣬺һЩŹʵ˳ˡ
ǴԼԾαװĺܺãԵǾµţŵľֹǹɸ߸ϵʵĻԼǿһͨƽ
˻ˣ˹شķҲˡ
˸Ƕȴ
˹¶Ľֵÿ춼ѲߣƽȴܰģΪթǣ˺£ܵƽıн
˹¶кܶµ羯֣ƽʱҪľץˣɱ˷С͵˽ͷŹҲҪץǮ֮Żų
п˲ˣô˲ɻ˹¶ʲôάأ
˹أȻǿ˶ᵽ˹¶ת߹
ҡͷ˲һд̫ãԺƽʲôأ
˹һãȻãȻǡôҾͲ֪ˡ
˻һתʣҮΪʲô˹¶أ
˹ΪҮС
һ¿ˣǺͳ֮䣬ٽĳУ˭ǿ˭ġ
ˣô˹¶ôǿأ
˹أȻΪ˹¶
˲ͷˣҵ˼ǣ֮ʲô˹¶ǿģ
˹ֱ׳˵ôֻ֪Ǯ
ɫˣ֪ʲô
˹أ֪´󣬻֪Ѿʥǡ
˵ɴ۾ʥǣʲôʱģΪʲôҪ˭ģ
˹ؽȻʥԺģʥԺ̫ܺúܣûסʥԺȥ
һ
˹״˵رܣԼϲһ˴˹Ǹ壬ر
˾Լ̫ϢҪһ
ûпݷã˹ؾͲٿż͡
üëȷ߻ָҵ˺ӡ֮ǰΪݣҵüë޸˷ߣǴӳʱһֱš
ָͲ˰ϵˡ
ȻѴˡҡˣԼ˰˵Ķ顣
ȻǮūͨ˵ģūҲһŹ֣Լܶү
˹غܿ챻˹ѸѸû뵽ǰˣùѸϲˡ˺⣬ֻǱߺһѡˡ
ϼ˹ڰֿơӢѸٵõ˹ѸĻġ
ѸɫԵߵʼż˹ȥ罻ϣҺԼĽǷ˼˹ء
ڼ˹Ҫեɵʱڵõ˻ᡣ
һλΪֺŮͣѼ˹֡͡λŮ͡
ŮͲСˣԼʮˣǿ󳤴ģ˵Լļˡ
ŮҹޣҲ̫ϸѯʡ
ŮʹԼü˹Ů˼ǾͲ̫ɾˣü˹סԼڳǱϵķӣÿȥ
˹þֶΣŮߵһϣЪ֮󲻾˵˵˹¶ʥǣûסʥԺסù
ŮͲûе£֮ʱ˵¡
ŮͲһѸٷӦ˹ʥԺһӵǿеʥʲô
ѡһɱ˹¶ѶȺܴ
һѡ񣬾£˹¶˺ʥԺŪȻŪ˹¶
ѡ񶼲УҲ˹¶ʥԺϡ
ԼεĴ󳼣ûнɭȹ塣
סùݵ⼸죬ȻȥʥԺûмʥԺʥԺǺæµ飬·ϣ֮Ǽ٣ʥԺڸӪһʥԺͿ๦ߣָ߹ޱȵ󣬳Ӧá
ȻһʥԺʡ
Ϊÿζ׶Ҳġ
˹ħȥˡ
ҪƳһݵͼϸĵͼ
̵ʥǵĵ죬ֱ뵽ʥԺ֮ǰһ쵽˻԰ϷһЩСģȻ
׶һ߽ζĳŵģһʣˣô춼ɵ
̿׶ĳ࣬Ҳеˣһ˵Ϊһɡ
׶۳̣˸׳ΪʲôֳܸϹϵ
̺Ȼվվڻ԰ļʦʲô˼Ҷ˶ˣǾȻһֱԺԸңھߣҲǵߣҾ
׶Ҳź̴֪λô˲ǾȻ
ʦȥ
˭Ը֪Ӵ򽻵
ǲ֪ػģ˭֪һʲô
ʱɲֹһ˶
ǲȥԷһֱں
ʦֻϵù˹ȥ
ʥʦǺʥԺ˶Ҫʦ̫ϳ̡
Ȼ̳úÿ˲ֻڵʦʵ̫ûнˡ
֮ǰΪ˹¶϶һλϵͽԺ󣬽Ǵʧ̾һûܹʲôȻʥ䣬ʮûнˡ
˿;ᷳ
ƽװƷϿȴֻƽˡ
̣춼仰ң
ܻҽټʥԺҾͲˣԸ˹¶ȥ
ҹҹˣȴң
ʦû취ֻ˵ꤻ
ЦðǼȻ׼һֱԴңͲҪˣ׶ߡ
׶æߵߣס˳̵ĸ첲е㺦¡
׶ֱǰߡ
ֱʦסȥ·һƤЦⲻЦ˵ʥԺʲôˣʥԺ𾴣ʥ鲻𾴡
̲סˡ
̿˵ĵʦ˵һ飿
ʦȻʥԺ㶼ڣ㲻֪жûںҲûн
̻ӿ׶֣һȭ˹ȥ
һ߶ĸͷʱ㰫ˣһȭĵʦһأ
һȭжԷıӡ
Ȼ̾ȥѶԷѹڵᡣ
׶æȥסһʦ
ǸûɹʲôΪ̫ԾȻֻаķݡ
̴ˣվԺ˳˶Էһţ
ĵʦں޵޷ˣݺݵضų̣ţ
Цҵš
£ԼʥԺ˰ɣ
Ҫζֻʥʦˡ


189 
һֱʥԺ̵ĸо, ߹, ܻٴְԱĿ޳
ļʥԺʱŷԼ, ̰ӡˡ
ʥԺߣƫ, ĵźصʥԺ, ·ѹˡ
Ǹ, ߵʱҪ˲ͺ·ͨһ, ûб˵ҲûȻ԰̬
ߵǰʱ򣬳̲ŻعʥԺȻ˵һΪ˶
ʥԺЦЦȥǺͰģʰСͷ΢Ц˵̫æ, æڵ£, ȥ԰һ߰ɡ
ȻʥԺ֣̲԰ȥ
ʥԺ˵󣿡
̣Ͼʮˡ
ʥԺ̾˿ᰡ
ڿϵ˹ߵλӣҶֻǿ, ƺӵһУҪĶഺ飬Ѿûˡ
нľȴҪȨ٣Ϊһ·
̡ʥԺʮô˿˹أûܺúýг̵֣º͵˵˵ʥȡ֣
̣ĻѣõӦˡ
ʥԺ̾ϢһȻʥԺûʥʥԺҲûй
̳ĬţʥԺǰߡ
԰Ļήһ룬ϾҪˡ
ʥԺôʱÿֻ֪Ͷ飬ʱһ֪ܳΪʥԺΪһȥطʥԺͨĵʦÿֻôͽ棬ҲܺãȻƶ࣬ɡ
ʵѵڵҶҪɫ
ʥԺ̧֣ѵ̵ͷ
óŵүү
үүǺϻиףСʱûүүֹеʱүүΪΰȥˡ
үүЩ簮˵СʱȥүүҪ㻨Ǯүүڴƣûüľȥүүʱ꣬Ҳүүһ֮󣬾ͰϻҫûӶˣ
ȥУͲүү̴ˣ˷żٹڣ̶ڸĸߡ
Ҳûùӡ򡱹ˡ
̵ЩɬʥԺ˵֪϶룬һͷӣûԻˣΪʲôʵʵȥأҪӮʲôãʱһĻƽꡣ
̳Ĭ˼룬Ȼ˵ﶼ
ʥԺҲС
֪ʲô𣿡
̣ǹҵͷ򡣡
ʥԺ΢Цҡҡͷһҵˣƽ򣬹Ա͹ȮȺôҪˡ
֪ȨûʲôƵʱʲô𣿡
ħʥԺ̾ӵϵȨ˶ҪףҪĻǷǣֺڰףƣһ仰ʧԭС֮䵽ڷԲϵĳ̶ȡ
̰ţûв廰
ʥԺʥԺʱʵûУֻһȺˣıңֲ֪ôı䣬Ǿһలοһ
ʱˣǾ͡졯ʥ飬ͽ˶ˣľͻᰲһЩùͬһ
Щ𾪣ΪʲôҪ˵˵Щ
ʥԺգգ۾ǸĺӣЩҲ˵Ҳ֪ġ
ֻ㣬ʥԺûô
ʥԺǰߣ˵̣ĮˣеĹ򶼲Լ
һιϲСŮʥĸҸŮʮҪͽǱ
һιϲͷЩ꣬ÿ궼˱ץ
ʥԺûԼǣǺ޼ɣʲô͸ʲôҪǳһ˺ӣɱ˵ĹǾǿϵ˹ĸˡ
ʥ˱ԽԽ࣬ƽܿ࣬û취Լֻܰϣʥϡ
ȻŵʱܽѣҲܺá
ʥԺ˵ʥԺͳˣһʥԺŻѪܶ࿴ʥԺһۡ
ʥԺҲŻһʥԺĻ
̣˵ʥԺ䵱ȨĹ򣿡
ʥԺͷκȨһֻƿһȨͲȨˣΪΪı־
ʥԺ˹¶չĺܺã˵˹¶ֻҪнţԸɻǮԱ
ѵõЩ˼ԸҫԼĹ˵Ҳǿһˡ
ʥԺͣ½Ų˫ǻ۵۾ų̵ĳ̵ļ򣺡˲һ
̣ﲻһˣ
ѵԼħˣ
ʥԺ㲢ηңҲηȨҾҲᵨӡ
룺ܰɡ
ʥԺһġ
̣
ʥԺ֪ڿ˻Կ䣺ǵ˾ֻˣλŵҲͨˣʥԺ̨վŵһͨˣͨ˶᷸λϵͨһҪȥ
ʥԺһֱΪûʥԺϵ˹ֻڸң˵縥ȣô˻֪ǵ
Ȥ˻ᷴ
ʥԺ˻԰мľϣվߣȵĹ¡
ʥԺһǸĳˣʱ䲼Աǲͬ⣬ͻջȥԱͬˣطͬ⣬ҲʵʩҲǴʼƽ͹Աǲѧᷴ
üͷⲻ԰Ļôûã˭Ļã壿
ʥԺ̣˵һλ
ѳ˸ȵιֱڣﻹǸȵĴ󹫡
ʥԺҲܺãȨƣԸô˻֣˸ɺҲûб̫ҡ
û˵ܺáڻǰū⽨ᣬҲ˵ʵĻûôãΪΣԼưԣһǸÿҵɫ
ֻҪÿ갴ʱ˰ʱͳ˿ڱѣֳ˰ǹ˵㡣
̲ס˵ʲôѳһУһôչ
ûһȥָ·ôǰ
ֻйӵȨ˵һ仰ܱһѹáܹǻ᲻ΥǶӶ
ǿӲһ㣬һ㣬ƽܹϸõӡ
ȻᷢչʥԺ˵ûйƽҲ֣ҲѱҲ֯ǻһֱǰߡ
̣ʥԺΪʲôҪټ˸֯أ˵㲻֣ԼҲᷢչ
ʥԺαϣΪˡ
̲ס
ʥԺ˴ԼȣˣҪһЩġ
ҾͿˣ֮ǰҪΪʲô
ֻǣǶ֪ʥԺȴû֪֡
ѾһţԼ


190 
ʥԺһĻ԰˵һѻ
ĳЩʱ, ̻ı˵, ҪΪʥԺǸΰἺΪ˵֯Ȼϻصù, ŷʥԺǸôƻˡ
һֱתƻ⡣ϣϻһã, Ҵơ
˹ڿ˹µĵͼȻռȥϸ, ̵ĻԺͷҲû̧ʣ˵ʲô
ͷ˵ʥԺΪ˱ƽ, Ȩж಻ף˼, ʥԺ̫ˣ϶кȺ֮ʥԺĳʹ˶Ǻõġ
ףҲ㱻˵ˡ
˹أ㣬Ǿһ˵ˡ
̣ȨȨ
˹طĵͼߵ̵ߣ̵ͷôˣ
̣ʵʥԺһ˵ĺܶ࣬κȨһ, Ƿǳµһ¡
ʼʺɨ˻ģһͳ, Ҳ˴һعѪ
ضգ׷˼, ;ΰҵһ
˹أôģ
̱ס˹ص롭һһɣҲܱ֤ʲôܵǸλϣҾ뵽취ˡ
˹أѾˡ
̴˾񣺡Ķ
˹أ㲻ڣ˵ݷá
°ͣ²ǹ壬Ӧĸ
ЦЦ󡭡²ι塣
ǿȨʽ΢ȻͲٶҳϡ
Һ͹໥棬໥˳
ڶһ磬̾ͼˡ
ǸˣʥԺһԷƵġ
пأҵĹԱǹ壬Գʱ̬ŵĺܵ͡
Էġ
ǳֻҪԸ֣ڰʥԺ˶ʥԺ³֮һľλȫԼҾ֡
ػ˵˵Ժ󣬺Ľ㡣
أϾŮˣʱҪһˡ
ڰʾ̣ⶼаʾˣʾ
ԸĻҽܴȥ󡣡ĳЦЦ
Դǵؾܾûаѻ˵ֻ˵Լлȥݷûʺ
Ժ󣬳̲תһȦ
󲢲ɵ׼ȷ˵βУó˱ʥԺĳ룬Լ
̲Ų󡰰
ֻͼԹϵԼȨ£
һɣǸûӵҰļңǾܾġ
ΪˣܻùľλĺӣôֻҪȨĺӾܳΪһιΪĸף֮
ǣ̲׼Լ롣
ҲĻԼ
˹أҪȥ
̣ڻʱ򣬹ʱɣǲ֪˹ôˡ
˹ڸŮߣ䵱һӢߵġΪŮ͵ԵʣҲܶ˻˸죬ŮͱϾŮͣҲλͽ˿ɲ٣и˾ǹĶӡ
˹ڰ쵽ţϾͷŮ͡
ŮͲһرˣҲΪûӴ̫ܣ˵黰ʱ򣬼˹شŮ͵׳˲ٻ
ǰ
ֱӣҲһֱš
ٱʩѹ
Ϊʲô㣿Ů˵ǾһѵǻѵӵеĻǵҪʲô
˹ذοǲġ
Ůͣѵǻ뵱ǲܣ
˹أǵȻ뵱
˹Ů͵ͷԼļϣֻҪѹȥˣԺû˹ˣʲôܸʲôǾ㲻ɹҲǱཻ˰ѡ
Ůͺ޵Щ۸ӦðǶɱˡ
˹С˵һ취
Ůͣʲô취
Ѿȫμ˹ˡϾ˹Ǹ޸ĸʥǼûˣҲûѵˣ̶Ҳţ˹뿪ҲҲڶҪȨƵŮˡ
˹Ķ˵ֻҪŮιĴӡ
ŮãʲôãǹĺӣӻСӣ𣿡
˹أȻУɣҪǹĳӣС֪̳оλʱĵܵܣȴˣܻвĵλ
Ůͣôܣ
˹غȻܼ̳Уǳӻỳɣ־壬ڿ־֮ʲôó
֣Լͻҳһţʱֻиĵģõˡ
Ůͺɵ𣿡
˹أԲ֪ˣõĻҲϣ֮ǰ˵׽һп˵Ů𣿡
ŮǸСˣֻ֪ƻ¡
˹ĸĳֻҪ֤ȿ˸ãͻõġ
ŮʵôңҪʲô
˹С˵ʲôأֻҪһֱߣҾˡ
Ů͵ַڼ˹صظϣȻ˵ģֻҪһֱ
˹صͷȥ
ڶһ磬Ů;͸ȥ˳ǱȣסԱͣأ
С˵ոռλˣ·˺ôĻ𡣡
ŮͺһЩˡЩˣһ˻Ǻÿģ
Ů˵æȥɣȥ¡
ȥ
Ůվķſڣţɤӣ£ҡ
ɤЩɳƣɡ
Ůţ߽ķ䡣
ϣŭ𣬿Ůͽ֮ǿѹסŭ
˵˸С⣿ŮЦЦ
ŮҲ̹Ȼܹɡ
󣺡Ǿͺã㲻ϲˣҿ㡣
ŮЦЦûˣߵߣͷС˵£ˣ
ƣ̰̾ǵĹԡ
ЩǣҪȡȨ
Ůͣ£һ취
ŮͣǺоʣʲô취
̫˽ԼŮˣ˹ĶǻһѺ֣һ£ҾͿˣûʲôð취
ŮͰѼ˹ظ˵˳
£Լʱٴѡĵ˾Ϳˡ
ʹЦˣ
Ůͣҵˡ
󣺡ˣ
ŮͲ˵˹˹¶ˣμ˹أɲҲΡΪ˹أǵҲ˹¶ˣ˵ˡ
΢Ц˵ҡ
Ůͣǡ
Ů͵ֱãһһûãͰȥ
ŮͲĴ˸ս


191 
⼸ÿ춼ҪȥʥԺʥԺд, ÿ춼¡Ľ, ǰСӡ
ʥԺʥԺĹ£һʥԺʲô, һζҵĻǰΰ롣
ιȡʥԺ, ȡ֮ƽõ˶ĸơ
̻Ҷ
ʱ, ȨȨûжľη
ȻԼԭʲô, Ҳܷ񣬵ñˡá, ǿ϶Ͳ
ϾҲǽִܹˣ̺Ƕڽں̶ܴϣȨһ֡
һȨʱ
޷ʵľηʥԺ͸ۻʥԺĻˡ
ʥԺôϴ˸ԣʥԺ취δһܣԵ̵̬һùһ֮, ;ԼѾȫס˳̡
ʼһЩεĶˡ
ԽԽݲʥԺˡʥԺȻһЦڻ, Ҫô죿
æο廹ҪԺ£Ҫǰ
ʥԺһڳ, Ҫǰ
ų̵ĸ첲ΡΡվĳ̵ֱۣúӡ
̰ĵͷ
ʥԺ֪ж𣿡
ҡҡͷ
ʥԺȵĹϵ˹ô󣬵ֻһСؿԻˣطǻĮ
Ըȵÿһιռԣظֵĵطֻûһιʵ֡
ȵԽԽ࣬ȥҪסˡ
ҪҪʳҪʳأһĶصĲֻô࣬һ࣬Ͳˡ
ϵ˹ֻҪԸȥģֻҪ˰ӡ
̣˼ǡ
ʥԺЦЦϵ˹ı߽һӣ󣬵غܺá
̣ǿظǽ
ʥԺıֻڶѣȿϵ˹ȶˣܰǿջ
̣ãǽ˿ϵ˹ĹţĻ߾ߣ
ʥԺȵĹûôҪҶռϵ˹أͿɲҪˡ
ĸһƽ⣬һ󣬲ȻҾΣˡ
ҲǺƽôԭ֮һ
̲ô룬ˣûߣҪˡ
ǽ˿ϵ˹Ĺţ˿ϵ˹ֵأһƹĴӣ续ɽˮǲҪ
οͿɲûܡ
֮䣬ûʲôֵ壬ֻ滥
ֻҪûÿϵ˹ͷ棬֣ǹǲܵġ
˵ܳᷢһʲơ
ŸһϷֿϵ˹
ʥԺֹۡƶͿɲøȴûͿɲиһѿϵ˹ˡ
ֻܸɰͰ͵ЦˣҾûʲô˵ˡ
ʥԺȰĿ˳̵һۣԼİȻʥӣҲǴСʥԺﳤģԸĻʥԺɡ
׳նʮʥʦһλ
̵ǳ˳飬ûһڴӦǱʾԼҪȥúÿһ¡
ʥԺ׳նʱԭϾܾסˣֱϾܾ
죬̺ʥԺͣʥԺҲûʲôܣ˳ԵͨĺţŨһЩϹѺȣҲúȣٳ̾Ͳ̫͵ŨζǰȹĺãôţģҲûζƼȥȵϣ̿ڵġ
ѺпݽŨ˲ܳԣȻӲÿв
ϻȥ֮󣬳̲Ÿ˹˵ʥԺĴ㣺׼ʥʦλҡ
˹ؿڴߣϴ裬˯ûϵ¶ţͷҲЩʪͷʱüĿ˺ܶ࣬ȥʮˡ
ֻǳ̳Լûʱ͡ɫ°˵Ҿòǲԡ
ʥԺóĳˣʵҾãʥʦȹ
㵱ҵĹܵĻǼǣֻǸ˳һ㣬˳ҲûʲôϾǼǵֻҲҶԸ
ջ񲻶ࡣ
ʥʦͲһˣܽӴʥԺĺġ
˹̵ִһͷԼָ⣬Ĳ˵ĻȴɭɭɱʥʦҲʱʥʦˣܳΪʥԺ
ЦЦҲ⡣
ȨڣʥԺݳΪͳأ
ȨȨ϶ΪһûܶҡͳΣһڽʱصв
ֻ̣˵ܼ򵥡
̾˿֪˹ôˣ
ЩڣӦ㰲żֳȥģȱ飬ҪǼ˹ˣһ˫۾
˫۾ҪûУǺܴġ
ʧȥ˫۾Ҫྫ
Ȼ˹زôΣգˮѾ쵽ǰ
󲢲ǿǷı¡ûˣйˣ޸֮ǰΪ˽δԿ
ǸĹ¼ҹˣ˼ĵףԶû
˹سͣͣÿҲҪ档
˼˹صѸйĶӻӽнóԺúȵдţʹǲٶ
˹ؾͳû˵£ȥʾһ°ɣ
ϣﻹëʣü˹غܻ飬ǡã˾ǸʱܸĻ˵ˣмСͬҲܺðѿء
ʾʲôġ
˹أ˵Ҫ޸ļ̳з
˹صһ˿⵱ȻģҪǾ켱
룬취ҪйܵǰҲ˵Լȫ֪顣
ȥɡЦЦ
˹ؼµķԸ
󣺡˹أҪʧ
˹ذڵϣҪǰ첻ãҾĽ¡
ȻûȤ
ȼ˹ߺŮͿߵߣ£𣿡
ЦЦҪܲţҪûãõʱһãûˣһ³
ˣҪ£ҪΪУҲңҪվȽŸ취Ӱҡ
˿ıߡ
󣺡˹¶ˡ
˵ɴ۾ɯ˵𣿡
Ŀ˵֣ʥԺǲҳģֻϣй嶼ҵĻ
˻ǲףǸ˹¶ʲôֻǸѡ
ҡҡͷͲ֪ˡ
ûңÿ춼ȥʥԺ
ȻЦҲ˹¶ҰĲʥԺֳ°ɣʱҾˡ
˵һܰһѡ
۵ʥԺԼֻϻֻϻɲԸ⵱


192 
ڳ˵ʱ˹ȥһߡ
ƽĶۣʥǲ, Ͼʷƾõϳ, ǣ˿, Ҳࡣ
һЩСз֮⣬ϻûеġ
Ͻ̵֮Ƿֽϵ˲, żܿ˺Ůˣȫͷ, ɫҴҡ
߽һҲ, Ҳûмˣϰ濴ǼתһȦ֮뿪
ڲ, ǵ벢ûߣ˺ܶ࣬ˡ
ֱ̺Ϳ˹ؽϰ۾һæվϾ̴Ǻӣϰһ˫ʶ˵۾ȾѺˣĶǵ
, ҵʲôУ
̽ȥתһȦ鲼, ޲ʣ޲Ǯ
ϰ壺һҪöͭҡ
̶ˣö
ϰԺӹ򣬽͵, ʲôǼۣöĲˣЩƤۣҪöͭˡ
ʣ鲼أ
ϰ˵鲼ˣһö
˹¶ۣ鲼һֻҪʮöͭң޲һöһʮö֮䡣
ʥǵȷʵ̫ˡ
Ͼܶһµ붼һһöͭҡ
ǳſ˹ȥꡣ
ʱ˿϶ԷֻҪһʼӹѾС
Ҳˣȥˣһεļӹöͭҡ
ֱһһܳĺҪʮöͭҡ
ϰ廹Գ˵ˣⲻ̫󣬶ǵҲҪǮǼۣҵĻƾҪˡ
Сһһ󡣡
ֵѵ˲𣿡
ϰЦЦǲǣʥԺҪ˿ɲ⣬С˵ԸǣǮˡ
̣ûвĳУ
ϰ壺ģ֪ǸֻвҲҪһأҲҪҲҪʳεĺܡ
û뵽ʥԺҵܰŪ
ô죿ʡ
ϰ忴˼˵ô죬Űɣ˵ǮؼҶӵˮһ˺ȽҲܸоһ㡣
̺Ϳ˹ȥͷ֥ͣ۸ԭ͸ߣֻǮҲǵһµļ۸
ԭʮöһ޵֥ͣҪһöͭˡ
ǳǮޣͷϰ˵۴ͿʼˣԽԽס
ⲻϰѾ׼һ֮ͻȥˡ
ȥҵϱҪˡ
֥ĳʵͣͱֻǮ
Ǯǿ϶͵ġǾöԵģôեͣҲǳԡ
̴͵뿪м仹ϰôãûڶˡ
һվȥꡣ
ʳļ۸ף˵Ǳ֮ǰǼҵࡣ
Ͼ·ǿܴҪӹѣֱӰʳһ󣬺ôҲܳԡ
ͣǺͨƽûʲôϵ
Ψʳ˶ҪԵģٹҧҧҪ
ԭʮöͭҾ򵽵СҪʮӽʮöһûȥǣʯӡ
ֻһ㣬ҲͷƵ̬Ȳá
ʥԺҲֻԽԽߡڻȥ·ϸ˹˵
˹ЦЦĵûǼۡ
ֻǲǼ۵ġ
ֻ٣ֻлƺͶġ
ֻ࣬Ů˺мˡ
ĵǺܻܶ࣬ӭľǽǶ
ЩūרǶʿע֡
˹¶ЩСطûеģҵʥǵǷǳ׷ܶƽĵҵ
Ҳһҹġ
̣ȥ
˹û
ʱҲ磬ǹȥʱ򣬵һս볡һҪʮöͭңһȾԵñ˵öࡣ
ֻΪ󻷾ãǶûˣ̴һ֮һǺ
˿̨Скʳʳ٣ܻӭľǿ⳦
ɾĳȻ忾һκϣζ
ҪȻ˹һԡ
Ƕԭʼû˱ĻҲû˽ܣȵʱ䣬ߵ߳׳ĽǶʿǴĺ٣ǰףӾ͸ɿûʲô¶һʵļ⣬ǶʿȻūͨūһ㣬ūǿǮҪ׳һЩ
ͨūһӶԲ⣬ǸܳһΡ
Ҳеģעߵĳ˭˭䡣
ǿͨ˭ˣˣ˭䡣
ֻΪҽ̫˵࣬ǹͷ˴࣬Ҳҩʯҽ
̣ҵһο
˹أҲǡ
һ𿴽Ƕ
ǶʿǲкģΪЧǻụƣҫһ̧첲輸£˵һȭͷ
ҫĹҲͺܶһСȻͿʼˡ
ҲûʲôϵͳĴ򷨣ʱԵú
ͶԷĵָԷ۾ҧԷĶ䣬רϴĵط
ǿúܼ

ûԱ𣿣
ȭͷǰ𣿣
̿ȥĳѪ˼
Ƕʿ϶ûб飬˰̣һѾʧȥһߵĶ䡣
ǻ๥ó̾ȻЩᡣ
˹§ס˳̵ļ򣺡ԭˡ
̣֪ҲͲио
ĻֻáǶʿʱز
ǿԺŻͬġ
˹أǱŵǽǶʿˡ
˳ſ˹صĿ⿴ȥһڿ̨ߣǳϰߵūӣ෴ȥʱֻʮţøС
ڸ˵̵ֳĿ󻹳ЦЦ
ʣʲô˼
˹̵ļͷǶʿˣܶϵ
̣ˡ
һǶʿ˱ѺõĹϵ˵ԷܳΪϢԴ
ҲԷЦЦ
Ȼûһū˹˳̵ߣЦӯӯʣǴģ
ü㿴óˣ
ūЦʥô۵˲ࡣ
ЦЩɬǸûˣɤӣݣһǵһοǶ
ūʲôСС֣ע𣿡
ҡҡͷҲ̫
ū˹ء
˹رԼ֡
ūЦ˵˽Ǻͺá
Ȼūתͷʳ̡
̣ϡ
ūĻٰһ߼ĽǶȫǺ֣ʱȫǵĹүǶ
۾һģ
ūƭˣ˵˶
̣һ糿磿
ū糿
̵ͷҴūֱõһ볡ȯ
Ƥֽģ˴Ǯ滹лӡ
úÿкӣ̫


193 
Ƕĸ߼˶ȥ, Ҫ뺯
Ҳ˵, ҪݣҪôǮ, ҪôȨǸ߼ϡ
ֳ̲ϡ߼, õͼ͸ˣֻūŻֺϷĽǶ, ִȭҲ, ǼùģҲұ
, ̶űȥ
ūǺߵʱ򻹶˵кʵūҲ͹ūӮˣҲܵõǮ
ܾ̾ˣûūҲ¡
Щ˸߸ϣūǹ, ū, ūܻ
ڶһ磬̺Ϳ˹ֱȥ˽Ƕ, ǵʱǶѾˣ˲ֻ࣬ǰţŹʣˡ
ԼΪ̺Ϳ˹̫ɫ£
ģһ֪Ǹ壬Цʣһ
̣ǵڶΡ
գգ۾Ҹ㣬ѹҰҰѾʤ˶ʮೡˡ
һ˴չãҸţţᣬܴ򡣡
巭˸ۣţĵ峡ô˵ãҰɲһһֱڸ߼Ӯڡ
һˣӮ˲Ǯɣ
Щ⣺ⶼΪ۹á
Ұ˲֪󲻺ڰˡ̾˿
Щ棺Ұǰ𣿡
¶һЩֻЦݣһ̵ĶӣǼҷ£ƲȫûˣֻܰҰˡ
ҰԼҪ߼˼Ӯ֮۾͸ˣ˵˲Ǯ
һ˻ͦĵġ
壺Ҫ̫ߣҶˣӮҲ
忴ۿ˹أһ֪̲м˵ǸˣҲûʿ˹صֻ֣˵ҪвūҲ͹һԣҲǸūҪӮˣͲûǮˡ
̣Ҽҵū࣬Ժлɡ
һ֪ǸͨˣӦҲǸ˵ĶӣȻҲֻһ
оŵʱҪϵˡ
ɹ岢û˾ͶԳ˵ȰѹҰѹһ㡣
̣ðһ𣿡
ЩˣУʲô֣
̣ϡ
ֵҽаɪ
ں˵ҼҴӾ
̲ʧòĸԷкӾˡ
Գ̺кøУҰɪˡ
Ȱɪߣż˵ʵ֮ǰǶûô֣ԴʥǵĹԺ󣬽Ƕ˾Ͷˡ
ֵ岻Լ𣿡
ɪЦЦŮģǵĺˡ
ɪȻ˵ʲôãǶҵľη֮ûʣˣʹȨǸŮˣŮܺСĴʣǲԼᱻŮƿأοŮ˻Ůֻ
ɪ˵û¹ļ̳ˣµĶǼ̳ĺӡ
ЦЦ޴һˣҪµĶǼ̳ˣʲôã
ȴЩľۿ˹أ˹صĿҲ䰵ˡ
ǿĽǶȺ͹岻һֻü̳˲νֻֻͨƼ̳ˣƹ屾ˡ
ֻƺüˡ
Ĵӣӣм̳Ȩģֻ˳λ̳Ȩ
̳ƽţûбûӵȻûκв
̳˳⣬ʣµĺӶм̳Ȩ
ڡĶӵҰġ
һֵĺӣôԣҲԣ
һĸֵͬܣʱĿ
ԭļ̳ˣڷԼܵǱԼǰӣеλֻô룿
ҪùڲиͶϣʲôջһĹҪļ̳ǡ
Ҫطԣ̶ˡ
֮ضĻҪ
ɪǲʲôЦҲҲкôǰ;Ҳˣ˵Ժһ
ȥʥԺʿˣҲһ·
ЦЦǾ͹ϲˡ
ɪأ
֪ʲô˵ʥġ
ɪʲô⣿
ùӣһЩƺǡ
ɪ۾һʱоƺǣ㻹ͦ·ӡ
΢ЦǫûʲôǴ˹¶ġ
ɪ˹¶֪˵˹¶ý·
̣
̫˰ɣ˹صôģ
ɪдʵ˵֮ǰһȺ˹¶ˣڻסڳ˵˹¶Ǹ˾ҵܳԱ˵ⲻǴţ𣿡
̣Ǵţ
ɪǰɣĶֵطеĻƽҪǶܣҿ˹¶˳˵ġ
ԼҼˡ
סЦ
ǲ˵һǶҪʼˣ߽ǶʿϳǲûҫŽǶһȦùڿԼ
ɪָһݣûпż˵Ұݣͷ˶ſ¡
ǸţţҲûҰϵο϶ҰӮ
ɪ˵֮󣬽Ƕʿʹ
εĹԺѪȳ̶ȶǿ˲ֹһΡ
ҰţʵҲ˸տʼ¡
ֱҰſ£ţȭͷݺҰͷ
ҰȭͷҪµһ˲͵ط㿪һȭţȭͷʯϣԼҵѪ
Ұţޣ˫ţ˫ֿţ۾
ţҽһҰȻֻ˫֣ţ
ɪҰľָϸرţûʲô顣
̿۾еۣһᡣ
ɪ˿̣ЦһοϰߣҪźÿ
ɪ˵ʱҰѾһߣΪʹҰֿȭţⳡǶ
ţƺҲ֪ԼҪˣ˫ֺһ裬˫ĿѪ촽źϺϣںУġ
ǰŵĹţ
ȥɣˣ
Ұɱ
ĳڳ
Ұޱ飬Ҳȫˣ֮ǰţѹڵϣıҲѪ죬һţıϣȻץסţͷݺײ
һ죬һδѪɽţϢˡ
ҰվڽǶм䣬̧ͷŭһ 
˻ߵغɵúã
Ұɵúã
Ұ
ɪЦеضԳ˵ϣҪҪȥͣ
Ŀ⸴ӣȴЦðӾ룬ôܲȥأ
ȰɪתͷǵЦݾ͹ʧˡ
һУöġ


194 
̴ûʶǲ̬ġ
Դϲ, Ȼ, κʱ࣬ⲢԴ, Ӷᡣ
ϲӶԴˡ
ײõʳﶼѣۻнǶʿÿ춼Ҫū
ѹŷŭ, ſ˹һȥ˰ɪĸۡ
ɪסһǳƯķΪʥ, ʥǳ, κƳǱĽ
ɪסķ㣬ʱ, ķӲټһ˵ʵǵͰĸ¥Ϊʵ
ʥǵŴˡɪԳ˵ʥǵķӣҲñеĺá
̵ͷǰ
һȥǾǰɪĹܼһͷƯɫͷ, ͺܴˣԼ̵ϹܼҲ, šȰɪҪ壬Ͷ֮䣬ֱѧ
ɪ̸һȥ԰
ȫ̺˿˹ء
, ʱǷǳտصģµʱ˹һֱڳ󣬾ʶΪ˹ǸˣǸӣ˲ùٺÿҲСǻһϣ˵⡣
Ȼ˹¶Ӧ֪˹¶ɣɪ̺˼֮ڰѻ졣
̵ͷ֪
϶֪֪˹¶ʲôӡǣм롣
ɪЦ˼֣˵˹¶Ҳʥǡ
ŬװһȵӣȵǡôҲƽҲ֪˽ӽһ꣬ҪʱӦñɣ
ɪɰͰ͵˵𣿶ˣľƺǻʣ٣
̣ʣ٣ҪĻһöңҾȫ㡣
һöңͨƽ˵ǼӶǮԹ˵ǶȽϸĵĹ˵ʲô
ʵһƺǣ˹¶ֵֻöҡ
Ǯˣûκ
ɪǮҲûжٸʲôòģſڣ֣ÿôæʱǮ
áɪЦͶ͹ɣģҲ˵ġ
̿佱ү϶ˡ
ɪ˹¶󲻴󣿡
̣ǰڴˣҲˣܶ඼סڳ⡣
ɪˣıˣ
ģɵ˵ǰɣʱ⡣
һȥʱûпս
ɪĬһΪ˹¶һпԸϵļп⣬ǱȽ˵ѵһˡ
ҲмҳϣŮҲ̬ȣȴַϡ
ĳʱ̣ǺŽġ
Ǿùܵսʱ
ΪĻģǾͲܶ˹¶ӶҲҲ빥˹¶
ֲɱȥսӱϾ
ĻҪģ֤˹¶ȷʵһ֧ǿľӣǰδδŵ
ԣĻǼٵġ
ҲֻǼٵġ
ڲҲֳɣһû˵ѣǱҪ˹¶
ǮǲԸʳʿҲԸҳǲΪʲôظܸں©õô
һɣǰɪɣ˵ѣûҪ˹¶
һֵңǾҵı뿪ʥǣʥԺ͸޼ɵˡ
ûˣҶĹ廹
˭֪ʱʥԺ᲻Ǿ
һ㶼ȥԵģʮֵС
ɪ̾˿ʱһȥ˹¶˵ںܶƽȥ˹¶
˹լ˶ĴǱϾҲܹܼҵĽ̵֪Ҫʲô
ɡҼҴų򿪡
ƽݷҲһдƽǾͲϴˣǽ̤ʵصĴ
·ĻһŶǮȥֳһǮ
Ǳߵ۶٣ͭҵĹΣӵѶжǱߵĹΣʸ߲ߵȵȡ
Ϊһ·ͨ˹¶ͨ·Ҫȥ˹¶Ҳܼ򵥡
ϸǮϾ·Ҫȥĳв
еĻҪʱ䣬¾ܵҪµӡ
Ȼвƽ˵ˡȻʥǣϵ˹ĵطǲûܵʥǴֺô
ҪԽڽۣԼĸȺͼķʡ
ÿ˱ɱ
ЩΪܶŹЩΪʧ֡
Щ˵ľ߶ȽڸҪΪǿתѶԷɱˡ
ɱ֮ŷֶԷԼھӡ
̫ˣǺһԼҲʬͷ
ǵӴģ٣ûкӵģǵһʥǰ˹¶ġ
Щ˻ܴǲһһ·Ǻüһ𣬴ЩǮҪ̶ߡ
̶иôֻҪǮ׼ˣͲᵣĸԹˣһлҪܳʱ䡣
ȻҪǮҪǮ
һȺŽһ취Ǯ˼Ķ·
ֻϣ˹¶һС
Ļ
̤Ǩ֮·ʥˣĸһľһԭʥĺܲϲ࣬ȥ׿ʼܽӵԽԽˣûнˣǳԷ·ЩҪǮģĴۿҪˣȻĸ׾ÿܡ
֪ȥĶÿ춼ȥǼЩ˵ǵĹжá
죬ؼң׾ȻѾĶˣһҪȥ˹¶
һ˲䣬ΪԼĸ׷ˣ
˶ʥǣ뵱ʥˣ
ȴҪ뿪ʥǣȥһСط
Ҽˣְ֣ôȷ˵ľģ˵Ǽٵģǹȥ֮һУôҲһ˾Ҫˣ
İְѹ˵ѵҲʥ𣿰֪Сʲô۸֪ʮ죬Ǿûд𣿡
Ҳһ˵㲻СŮˣְָˣǶ뿪ʥõģֻͨƽ񣬲֪ĴʲôʳԲϷˣд˿ǣͳԵġ
˵֪㲻뿪ʥǣҲ뿪ʥǳʥļҡ
ͷˮ˳ȥֻȹʥǵˮԹʥǵķӳʼû뿪ʥǣ磬ȥһ֪òõĵطôܲǳôܲأ
˵ְȥ˹¶ǺܶΣÿ˵ĶܶϣǱģ಻ôܡ
˹¶˵һΣһҾܹϰˡ
迴ʥǵķ򣺡Ҳ֪ʲô
ǴҪ£ۺûܿǡ
ڴǷֳʤǿ֮ǰǻ뿪ɡ
ϻǲǱġ


195 
Ǻ;Ƹ߼ɪ֮󣬳Ҳɪˡϡ顣
ɪǸֵĹ, ڳ̲Գ, ԸΪ˴Ӱɪڳ鱨ֺáԷ
, Ҫա
ΪûʲôãϾʥԺ, ĶԳ̶֣ôʥԺⳡսҪǰˡ
ڵԽԽ, ʥԺҲԽԽѳ̽еʥԺȥ, ̸̡ġ
ʥԺĻ˵һˣ˵, ǳꤻ
ҲʱʥԺʥʦ̡
λʥʦа¸˹Ǹһ˫Ư۾۾֮⣬޹ضʮƽӹˡ
ǲǾúģ¸˹񵹲˵壬Ҳ̽ʥԺʷ
Ǹͨˡ
̲СһȨĵʥʦȻ˵ĵط
ֻһ˵а, ʥ֮ǰѾ׼ˣط϶Ȳ˹¶
¸˹񣺡Ҳá
̿
¸˹ЦҶĸо, ǰǵʱҲһж˵õģΪҿŵĳ, ҿǿǴøԣҵĳУҲҵĺӣôܲʥٺãҲҡ
¸˹񣺡ǣȥʱǺûˡ
ұһ㣬û֣ҲûɺûߣΨһ
¸˹񣺡ΪʥԺҪһҲҵĳɾͻ֮¡
Ц뼤ŭң
¸˹Ȼ˵װˡ
̣
¸˹񣺡㲻ƢˣװҲģֻƭƭЩɵӣƭҡ
Цˣô˵㻹Լͦ
¸˹񣺡ұͺܴܴǻصʥ𣿡
¸˹񣺡һ֪Ҫʲô
ǲ뵱ʥԺĻҲôѡġ
Ȥ˵
¸˹񣺡ʥԺݵλûкôҪʥԺһ𣬼ʥԺڶǵãʥĳߡ
ʥԺǻ
ŵʱûʲôһһУһУᱻƻ
Ȥζʣ˵ЩҪʲô
ɲΪ¸˹ı
¸˹ɫֻǾһǴġ
ǴģʥԺǴģǴģҪһһУƻһС
¸˹ȻתͷĿƵؿų̣ٵһУܽµ𣿡
򵥵ġ¸˹񣬡һսܻ꣬ʮĽǵŬ
ǿģߡ
¸˹񣺡𣿡
̵ıҲҲ֪
Ҳûš
˼׼ȷ˵˼ܶΣÿ˯֮ǰ˼ǡ
ҰΪȥôǻƷʥԺңƷԺ
һң͹һУж¡
̿¸˹񣺡˵Ҫʲôˡ
¸˹¶һЩЦֻ֤һС
¸˹񣺡֪ʥԭʲô𣿡
̲ԣû֪
¸˹񣺡ͯ
̵ɫˡ
¸˹񣺡ǲǺܷ̣ʥԺôǲģܸ߹󣬺ʥСʱÿα쵽ķʱģֻһŻİ⣬СʱҲ쵽һʥԺķȥɵʥԺͱͬˡ
̣û˷
¸˹񣺡ôᷴʥԺʥģʥ޸͸ĸ
谮ʥӣܳԵøãøãϲģ񲻴ڵһ
¸˹ûʲôڽ˵Ĺ£и磬һǵĸĸ˽ҸһϾͱˡ
ͻʱȫѪȴû˸ҩôǣǶûлӦҡ
Ҳ֪ʥԺϲΪһֱڷʥԺ۾
ˡ
ûҩôѪӶˣôˡ
ʱֻǶ˵ӡ
¸˹ЦûӣΪʲôҪӣˣ˭ǵҸĸֻҸûͨʥĿ飬һӣٰҵĵܵͽұҲŲҲܸ𡣡
̣ҪɱʥԺкܶᡣ
¸˹񣺡ҲɱûһʥԺֲͯ£ضУǲԸš
ҪҪʥԺޣԭǣҳΪʥԺ֮ٻʥԺˡ
˹˹۾ˣҵļƻͲϵôˡ
̱еĻһƤ񣺡˵ЩͲתͷ߱ˣ
¸˹񣺡Ҳں
˵ô꣬ÿ죬ÿʱÿԼҸĳټȥһˣѾҪˡ
ʱԼĸĸ뱨ǵֵ֪ܣǻմմϲΪûͦȥܵͦȥˣʥʦÿʥԺܵʥԺĽӼ̫ˣ¸˹ÿμǣװһТ˳ģʱ򣬶ɱǡ
̣ðɣʲôΪʲô
¸˹񣺡ڣɵģʥʦɵӡ
̣ԣһһǲȱԼеϵĸо
¸˹񣺡һ죬еʥԺ߲Ҹ߲㶼бĻ㲻ûдɣ
̲ûֱ˵
¸˹񣺡бģıӰʥһֱͨ⣬ʮǰˣʥԺǰּӹ̹ΪøȵʿýǣֻҪʿߣǾ֪ѸٰΧʥԺ
¸˹񣺡ʱһأ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ЦЦȻأҰȫɱˣ
¸˹񣺡ѵ㻹ɱˣ
̷ˣ˾Ǹߡ
Ȼˣô죿̣һ仰˵Ҹô֣ûݣ˭ҵģ
ֻܹʥһУеìͷ׼ңΪҲ˳˭ɱң˭ܵ
̣ȻҲǣⲻиɾ䣬鷳ҪǺƽ
¸˹سûκαǺƽģҪѪ
һָǲһ
¸˹ų̡
̣㲻˽ң㲻֪ӵжôǿ
¸˹񣺡֪֪кܶ
ҡҡͷǸɱĶ
¸˹óڴţߵʲôãôֻѡ
Դǵ˵ҵģ
Ϸ壺壡ʴȣԵģ
¸˹񣺡
ȥİɣ
лҪ˵̣ǳ尡


196 
¸˹˵Ǽ٣ʵû̫Ȥ˶˵, ˶˽, Ҫȥһȥ̽ȥ, ʵ̫鷳ˡ
Ӧа¸˹ʲôҲ˵ӵĻ
¸˹ʥԺԵܺ, ʥʦһֻ߲򽻵, ෴, ԸеͲְԱ
еͲĹϵ׽
ˡϻصùݣ̸˹ϸڡ
Ҿҿ϶ᶯ
Ҿ㲻ʥʥԺһ, ҲҪʥԺǶ֣϶׼
ֻ᲻һ⡣
̣ҪǴ
˹أֻʥԺҵĻǲ
̣ǰ
̾˿
˹ڳ׼֮󣬾ͳɹ˳Ǳ͵, ˶֪ı, ߺ˵ϻˣڵ֪Ժ󣬼˹ؾ֪, ȰʥԺ֡
ᣬҺʥԺսͲ֪Ǽˡ
ǿԵôãԼ˿ɵȲôá
Ѹٵĳ֮󣬾ǰķ䡣
Ǹɵˣÿûͻ˶ò˯
ûˣû˵׽ˡ
˹ʱã󣬶һͨŮˣиĳɾ͡
ʺϵһֻǻĲģ֤Լɷǿȸ׻ǿƽҲҪıƽԼūûƽȣֻȨ
˹̾˿
ˣʲôϵأ
̨ʱѾΪ˶δ
˺һ֮󣬼˹ر˽ȥ
ֻһɫӣϣͷЩʪʵôˣʲô£
˹صͷ£Ϊڶ
Ц֪˵ʲôҵ˵ĶһĻ
ʥԺ֡
̾˿ΪʲôͲĿⳤԶһأڶʥԺʲôô
øȵʿҴûе
ܶʱǶ˵˵ĵֻԼġ
µʱҪһʥԺĹٷ
󣺡°ѱӮˣЩҲᷴңҪƷңҵɷ³ΪǾӵһԶᷴǵĿܹ
ЦҪ⾫ڶԸʥԺϣн𣿡
˶˭죬۸˭
˹ͷϵ亹ˣæĻڷ磺£ҲΪġ
üΪʲô
˹ȶʥԺ֣ռ˶ԷʥԺȶأ
ʥԺ뺦ʱ򻹻Ϊ˵û𣿹ǻĿŵķ𣿡
ż˹أ˵ĺܼ򵥡
˹˿ĭʵҲܼ򵥡
󣺡
˹վԡ
󣺡˵
˹أʥԺ϶˲ھʥǲԶĵطҲ϶а취Щ˽ǣ죬Щ˱ضʥԺָӵķΧڡ
Цһҳ֡
˹˵Ҫһѡ
ۼ˹ء
˹س࿡ҲöˣƤңﻹһǡ
ŪȨˣǶκȤûжȨóãΪȨǿ԰Ӻĸͳȥ
Ż
ֻЩ棬˹أ
뵱һֻĹԵĹһƥʱҪ˿⣬˳Ҳȥǣ
Ȥˣ˵
˹أи𣿡
󣺡ȻС
ǴӸȽıǸȵƽ
˵ĳͿϵ˹˵ĳಢӽ˵ͷӲֶ࣬òȦҷɫҲҪһЩ
ǵͫɫҲ඼ǳɫĿ࣬Ǻܸߴ
ֻҪһۣܿǸˡ
˹˵ʱֻҪиڸɱ˼ƽ񡭡
󣺡Ұһȥɱҵ񣿡
ıơ
˹أʥԺ񣡡
ı΢һ㡣
˹ЩˣʥԺƭݣǷҵһС
ǵֵϧ𣿡
ֻЩҳϣҳϵƽ񣬲񡣡
ο˾㹻ˡ
˹عƻ£λᣬ´οܾҪˣʱʥԺĸˣʿаӮ𣿡
˼
˹صһ仰ƮƮ˵֮ڲٿǡ
˹˵ʥԺԺ˲ǵɷ˭֪ĸ˭ֻ֪ǵһλʥԺûȨŮ
ǲںõʲôֶΣʷʤдġ
Ŵ˸ҽ
˹˷ǳŵһķԸ¡
ĺ΢΢١
ȼ˹뿪ŰַԼؿϡ
һʼôҰĲģСʱûʲôҰģжô
ʮʱֻһĻ
ʱиǳˣԷʮ꣬Ӣ˵һл롣
ܿ죬뱻ˡ˸λҲͬĹϵ
ǹǵ촽
Ĳ࣬İ飬ûиǣǸȨ
֮ûвǿ˵Щĵ黰
ڣ㹻֮˵ҵĸĸңֻҵĸ磬ûɸɣҲûǮҲ㣬ǸˣҪԼҵ
Ȼȥ˵𣿡
ϲû뵽ô򵥣
Ȼ˵ԸĻ
Цţ˵ðҴȥҸס
˱˸ǰԸ˵ףң˵ҡ
Ȼ˵Ҳǿҡ
һ˲䣬ڿһħɪɪģŭĸ˿ͷ
ϾĸףҲֻǸصоˡ
Ǹʱʹ켫ˣ
һγȨĺô
Դƭˡ
ø࣬Ȩ
ʼڹ֮䱼һʱӵкüˣܵõࡣ
ϵ˹йŮģȻǿԣҲԣ
ȴܣΪǵĸ硣
ǸλȻʲôÿϵ˹
ұʥԺܿգȻҪʥԺõȨ
̫Ц
ĶӼ̳λ֮󣬱ȸ绹ҪЦ
ЦĻں棬ȼ޸Լֶӡ
ΪЩֶ֧ӵΪڣɷλĸȡ
ؿŴ⡣
Ҫ֤Ƕˡ
ҪõʮǰӦõõĶ


197 
Դӳ˳̵ġˡԺ׶ͱʮֶ˶ʡ
ÿҪȥʥԺ, ҲûõĶȥ, ÿ춼Ҫʥ̵ʥԺһЩϻ
ʥ̴ԼǾֻҪϵʥ飬ҲͻӰ¶ʥԺҳϡ
㻹ǵ˵ʲô𣿡ʥ׶
׶һһı飺˵ʥ鷢ŭʱ, ҡض
ʥصͷʥˡ
׶Ϊʲôˣ
ʥ̣ƹ̫ɽ, ÿ˵ˣȻ˵ˡ
׶ë, ǵøԼҸ, ʵֻ֪ūˡ
ʥ̵ɫеѿǾʥū
׶ڰ֣һǲҪʥˣҲ뵱ū
ʥҧʥūҲͨã
׶˵һʥ޷ϵĻԸô, ҲԸΪ߸ϵū
׶ʥʥĻ𣿰ǵ˵ʳʥĹͣɺˮʥڷŭûʥ֮ǰѵʥԼʳ˭Ĺͣɺˮ˭ڷŭһȺϲɵū
ʥ̣
׶ͷǾֻȻ֮ĸ
ʥ̣֮ĸǡ
׶Цʲôһ, ǾͲԼ
ʥˣǾ׶ӲɽҲ, ˵һ£ҽʥ˵ɡ
һˣôʶô, Ȼǵͼ˸޷塣
׶һʥ˵֮һ
λǲ˵ʥƢˣ˵ʥʲôĺô
׶гкȣʥҲҳԵĸࡣ
Ҳ·ҴĻ£
ҲȱǮ˻Ǯ
ʥ̼ѵѵԼҵ𣿡
׶ͦأ룬ʲôǮãзԣ·ΪʲôҪҵΪʲôҪŬ
ʥ̣㣬㶼Լ뷨һ߳ܵ𣿡
׶ҡͷá
ʥֲܻ׶ֻһԲ׶
׶Ϸɡ
ʥб׶һۡ
׶ɣʯͷͿˣϻӡ
ʥ̲þܾ׶׶磬ʥ˵˹
Ĺܼ򵥣ʥ׶˵һΣһ֮ˡ
Ȼ󡭡һ塣
㣡׶ߵʱᡣ
˹¶ʱÿζ䣡ʥ£ʮӮ˴ΣԼ̫ˣ
ʥ̣
壬ͦġ
֮ļ죬׶ʥһ塣
׶ʱᶫܿʥ̸͸ˡ
ʥ̲ǴСʥԺǽԺ󣬲ŽʥԺԼӺͺӡ
Ϊļͥ޷ʥȡ
ʱӻ캢ʥԺֻʱ㿪
׶Ժر𲻿˼飺һûʲôû񣬻ӺͺӻҪ
ʥ̣Ȼΰ󣡡
׶ΰģʲô£㲻Ͳΰ𣿡
ʥеãȻܿ˵ҲʥĻ
׶û˵׷ʣ㲻ôǰ˻飬˺ӣڶ˽᲻˻飿Ҳӣ֮ӺͺӶûˡ
ʥһɡ
԰ʥԺõʲôţ
׶̾˿ĺɵ
ʥʶطɵˣ
׶㲻ֻܾʥܹϺӣĺʲôġ
ǵ˶ϲˣǮܸ޶õ֪Ҫʲô𣿡
ʥ̣ҡҡ
֪ԼҪʲôʥ˳Ȼ£ߵȫʥԺݣȫҪʱüǣȺһϯ֮أܸ˵ϻ뱻
ʱˣͽʥԺǮԽ࣬ʥǶ̬ԽãǶĿ࿴
һˣһõˡ
ӦþʥĹ˰ɣ
Ѹʱ仨ʥԺϣֻҪǮͻõʥԺ
ѼķˣǮʥԺ֮͵õʥ̵ݡ
׶ӺͺסĶ
ʥ̣Ҳ֪
ʱһʥԺԼ޶סѾûйϵˡ
׶治ˣ
ʥֻ̣ǷǣǲԸʥ飬ΪʲôͲˣ
׶Ұ޶ӣ㲻Ұޡ
׶Ҽܶ˽壬ǶһģΪν׷ԼļˣΪԼûд˾Ӧôһ𣬲Ҫȥˣ
㲻ʥ飬ֻ˽һ㲻±ӹӣǴڿʼܹϾͻš׶̫˽ˡ
ʥ̣ҲŲˣǲ֪ʥĺô޴Ѿˣȴɲš
׶һأӺͺӣ˷ӣӺסԺôͨͨܣʥ飬һҪľˡ
ʥɫһ䣺ôô˵ûԶᶮ
׶վҲԶ붮һŮ˰ңԸһһ𣬻һӣԶᱳ
ԼӶܱѣʲôѲ˵ģ
ʥɫࣺ㡢㣡
׶˵ңΪûее˵ʲô˵ʲô
ڶ׶ʥֻһˡ
λʥȡǰλľ飬׶壬Ҳ׶˵Լļ£ʥ顣
Ҳû׶ħצ
׶һЩϡŹֵ⣺ʲôǵʳģ
ʥûסһ䣺Ҳʲôʳģ
׶˸ҵİΪϲ
ʥźҪ
Ǽ˵ʥԺƽ𾴡
׶üǵԼ趨Һô˯أҲиģʲôͳ԰ʳ
ʥ̣ǳ԰ʳÿ춼Ҫ
׶գգ۾ҪʲôʲôãʥǷʳ𣿡
ʥһʥ͸ǸʥصĶ
׶ЦȻǵӡ
ʥ̽ҧѹ
׶
ʥ̿
׶ǲ֪ԼҪʲôҲ֪ôһӣֻܰϣ󡣡

׶°ͣ׳仰˼
Ҳ
һججΪԼȷ¡


198 
ڵǰһ죬ֵ, ʥͽǷ׷Ͻ, Ǵؾ·ɫԽǳԽá
Сӱĸǣ, һϽͷ̯Ǻò׵ȵ, ռλӣŻ
Ҳ, һμҪ졣
ϾһһεĽ, ˶ӡ
Ҳ˹Ͻߣ֮ǰͬ, γ˴ԼǾڼܰȫǳֱУ쿪һΣ˳̵⣬طˣܿļУѾǺ˲ˡ
Ҿ󿴵һĻһ̺Ȼ˵
˹ЦЦԽʥԺԽá
ʥԺĽ, ׼ȷ˵, ʥԺģʥĵա
һ֮ʥԺ, ȻҪȥݶԷ
еĶܱ
Լ֮ɷλĹŻĸԸĹʥԺ֮°ɡ
ֻһͨĹѡ󣬶ʥԺ
ʥԺֻͳģᷢչҲһȨʢһ㣬ʥԺĺá
̾ÿΪԼִˣԲŻʥԺ֯нϴĵִ
͵Ȩ֮µۻహ࣬ϲ˱ˣôʲô£˸ҽڡ
ȻԽ¡
ƫƫ˾ǲԵģͽŮҪɱ
κһȨҰչʱ򣬶ֻ˺ë𣬵սľο⻹ǸӴ֯
ҲûʥԺκιס
ȷʵ˺ܶණƹ㣬ͨһ֯ȹǻҪץ
ͳν׼Ӧ
̱±·תǵʱС￴˼ӡ
ȥʱ򣬺Ҳ
ĸСŮ·ǿƤ·Ŀԭɫˡ
С߳վڳǰ˵үԵİɡ
ԼǵһΡҪС˵ýͰͣòײŰ˼
ֵǸĸأ
ЩӺֺýţȻеݣ¶ôݣɼ֮ǰڼò
ûʲôģƸոͷã˵ǰְֲ뵱ܵˣǣҲˡ
ǹƻûʲôʵУҲͿ޹ˡ
ʣôȥʥԺأ
æҡͷȻᵽʥԺʱüͷ壬д˿ܡ
̣Ǵ˹¶ģңҸô
̱һŵĴСиСôˡ
˿ĭҽӦúܺã˵ѣС˵˵˵ЩȥʥԺĺӣö඼ˡ
㶡
˵ĺܲңڳ걻űֵġ
ȻʥԺ취ѹȥС˻֪ˡ
ӣ˵϶Ű˺ۣкŮǸ
Ǹǵٵָľֺ
򴽡
һˣ
̣ûˣɣҴȥԼûؼ𣿻᲻ᱻ
С󣬴Ӽᶨܵģ
̲Ǻܷģҵʱǻȥɡ
ûʲô֮ĵĺӣԳԴɿBUFF˼ֱûеֿԺ͵ͷ
˹ûСûʲôȤϲҲᡣ
̴ȥΪûôģԳ̾Ͷ˼һҲˡ
ںˣϰ廹ǳüչ
ʹԺ֪ԭǼ۾û˳Եˣԭϵļ۸ȴһֱǣǼԼҪˡ
óʮͬ飬ǲǼ۶ȥĲҡ
ǮûգԼʳԼĳͻ῾Ҫ
Ǵʳܵͼġ
ʳּ۸
סڳǡв׼סĵط
ǵķӶܲ¥ռ仹Сһвͥ
ǵĸȻˣٸ׷ӣ˶ͯ˵ûˡ
ӼǵǰѧĶ̽ȥĵܵȥ̵ˮ
̿źǹҼһæµǺܸӵˣԺİ˿ɲһҪ֪Ǽûˣץô죿
ӽɴ۾ų̣𣿡
̣ҲᣬİɣôԱˡ
˿ģ˲Ųǡ
ӺǴ˹¶ҺöھӶȥ˹¶ˣ豾׼һȥģǼûǮҲûʳˡ
̣Ǵ˹¶ġ
ӣ˹¶ôĺӿҵ𣿡
ҡҡͷ
Щ䣺Ŷ
΢Ц˵ôĺӣ˹¶ǵʮܸ꣬ɻΪֹ֮ǰǵʳסж𣬻ȥ֡
ӣǣΪʲôΪʲôҪǣ
̣ΪǸˣ
Լĵޡ
ЩģǹȥûǮȥ˹¶һҪöͭңֻͣԵĺȵҪ򡣡
ҪȻҲͲˡ
ڶ裬һֱûᵽףһֱиײ롣
̾˿˵
ӣҲ֪˵ȥ˽ǮȻûлˣھ˵費Ҫˡ
̿ۿ˹ء
˹شӻͳһǮ
̴Ǯ٣ӼüûоԴСûκ⡣
ڵĵλͽǮôľôġ
ǰʱɲҡ
˹ضԴ˵öͭңһöңǱóȥãˣȥ˹¶
̣ġ
̾ԶܺģΨĸΥԡ
ӵĸУûն϶Ժӵĸ顣
Ͼûоʮ»̥ǶԺӵĸ鶼̨ͨԶӵĸףԺӻûʲô顣
ĸףǴӻпʼСĥʼͶ˸顣
ݸֻԽԽǳ
̣ĻĵùҰɣ˵ҿ˹ء
Ͼ֣ӿܼǲס
ӵͷ
̸˹뿪ӵļԺ󣬳̶Կ˹˵֪ôǴˡ
˵ҪһսɣҪʥԺİѱⲻһֳɵ𣿡
˹أЩӵʬӦѾˡ
̣ˮˣûأ
˹أõʬûʲôá
°ͣȥɣ⼸ģӦá
˵⻰ʱӲ
һ˿Եĺ
һΣ¶˾ġ
ʥԺҲңҪʥԺһƬ档


199 
뿪ǵļԺ󣬳̺Ϳ˹ȥ˼С
̯ȻΪ˳׼, ʳͲƥ֮, ʻʱѾ˻, ЩȫǴůġ
Ӧûд˹¶ˣǴ˶, Ϊӳıڣ뷽跨, ˶ƤͶ, Ū˸顣
ֻЩ˹¶ʮۣ, һ鶹ļ۸ܱȵһСˡ
˵ǻƶģ궹˹¶زķ˲֪ɹֻСļ۸ǿˣԭӦñġ
ǴാӣȻˡ
Ȼ˲, ֻҪȥܴ׬
Ҳ㿪۽ˡԼûôƤ, û촵ţı£ҪǵˣʲôǮ, ֻܼѵǮ
ʲô̯λפ㡣
̯æһЦп仨ԭֻڴ쿪ҪİŮһĻһ㡣
⻨еõ壬ȻǺɫģõ岢ͬζŨ
̣Ǯ
̯Ҫۣһöһһʮ֦
룺һöͭң㲻ˡ
˵꣬̾Ҫȥ̯λ̯æ˵ȥɣˣܿҵĻҵҡ
̸Ǯõ˻
תͷһۣ˹
˹ֹʲôû˵
̣˵ʲô
˹أû뵽㻹ϲ
Ͼǰ˹¶ʱÿɽҰҰҲûժװǱ
̣ͦϲģҲôϲ⻨㲻ɫ𣿡
˹ؿʺĻδʲôģʵ˵һɡ
̣
̣ǰ˵һֻǻõ壬顣һֱûпȻõ壬ɫҲࡣ
⻨͸㣬ҪǲϲҾ͡
˹֣ų̵۾˭˵ҲϲҲϲ͸ʲôҪ͸ˣ
̣ҲǣҪǲϲҾ˻ôҲһöͭҡ
˹شӳӹ信һﱧһҿŵĻʱʶˣ·ϵ˶̲ס
ҿ˹һͷڵĳʮټ˷ɫɫͽɫɫĶȺ֮У˹رעĿ
ʮԺ
ȹ乻ˣ̻ùݣ˹شħȥʬ塣
ݺ˵ʬ嶼ڳһɽϣﱻʥԺͨ˸ûȥ
֮ǰᱻ֣Ϊ´꣬ɽ
Ϊǳ꣬û˻ᷢ֡
˹شȥħ壬óڿӵġмצӣĸ첲Ǳԭ֮÷ǳСʺأϾֻп˹г޷ӿн䲻֡
ħһ͹ıӡ
һֱãħƲĳǿ׳壬Ԩ֮¶ܴŴ򻹺ǿħͨ飬Ʋһ꣬Ƭ½Ͼֻħˡ
ǰ̻ᵣģãŲȻơ
ħܣǿǲڽǰ˵塣
忹ǣǵԭҲܼ򵥡
һͨȥƬ½ֻһ壬ǿͨħ壬ʵں̶ܴѾԭħ岻ͬˣе˼ά
Ųȷķչ·
ǰֻվԼĽǶȿǡ壬Ҫά档
վĽǶȺ±ͬ
ѳܣźȻоķչͬǲɱơ
Լͬˡ
ûûп˹أħҲһԨ֮³
˳Ȼɡ
Ȼɣô޷ֵġ
֪֮ͨδҪôԴħˡ
Ҫǵһ壬Ǿˣؾţͷ˰һǻ
˹شħɽѲ顣
ʬĵطڹˣڳĴѾúͱʬĿݹǡ
ʮꡣһħӣһѾɢܵİ׹ǡ
ħ壺Լꣿ
ħǵʥԺֻ̣öġǱָɱҰ޵о
ʵûбǺö٣ǾͲͬūѶԷɱˡ
˹վϣһûõġ
ħǼѰңɽҵ˼߸񲻾õʬ塣
Լ͵Ĳֻ˱һ
һʬ壬û·һǱġ
һǱģ౻ѪȻ˺ۣûˡ
һͱȽϲңĳӱק˳̫СˣǱַģӻֹһˡ
˹أǹ
ҹɫ֮󣬿˹Դ߹òϵʬȥ˳Ǳֱͨʬŵķ
ֲʥԺΪҲظʥԺˡ
̸ҹһطͿϵʬ塣
£
Щʬ壡
Ůһš
ǻҵĵǰ󿴵ϵʬ塣
ȴƣ˵ÿɡ
Ůǣ£ǡ
󣺡ʬҪңôҹұɣûô֤ʬҪ
̸һ£۵һ仰˵Ůÿ֮ڿ˴ϵӡ
ЩһƽǵƤֲڣ֫ϸݣȴһĺĴӡ
ֻдСôܳԱĺӻ
ߵߣոջƣȻһȼյŭ
Ѱغͼ˹ظҽй
Ůæȥ
ֶڷ
ϳˣЩ񣬶ʥԺʥͯ
ʥԺСϸѡʥӣɳȥܳΪʥʦ
һЩҲᱻ˷ѣǻΪʥͯ
Ϊʥ̻ʥʹ
ʥԺͽĺӣ󼴱öģҲôŭ
һȷЩֻͨƽĺӣǾȫһˡ
ΪЩӣúóٹ꣬ͻΪ񣬳ΪάͳεĹԺӡ
Լкӣ֪һӴӳжѣһССʹͿҪǵ
ŮС˵£ǿʥԺĺӡ
󣺡ǲǡ
ŮЩ֡
ЦʥԺĺӣǵֽſ󣬸ĸ汲϶ǸɻˣʥԺֻҪĺӡ
Ůͼ£ʥԺڡ
ȭͷܿ侲
Ļᣬڲʱ
Ļ᲻ңʥԺİѱҲУֻʬû˵Ҫи˵֤ݣʬܳΪԸʥԺ
ƽ˰غͼ˹⣬ٰѰɭ
һŮȥ
üͷ
һʧֻҪʥԺһᣬһᷴҧһڡ


200 
ڵ죬˸, ͵ķ´˺ص, մϾȳһǻ̾, ˡ
̶ǲ̣ġ, ڣҲ˾ñķǼū, ֻܹ, ֻǳΪǵǮ˸, ڳߵʱҲ˵̸Цˣ̶ǵӰ
̣̫æˡ
Ϳɿֻܸϵ
̣Եô
Ц˵̫ϰߣÿ춼⣬ܺˡ
̵ͷȻ͸˹ش
ԼܴϵģܷҲܶ, ҪעСϸڣ˹ص̵һ, ɫġ
Щǳ֮ǰܼרģԼΪóܲС, ܼһ˱ʯװΣȥ֮󣬻Щ֣Ե̫䡣
෴Ϊ̺Ϳ˹رľʮֳɫԴطĹֵҲֻǿעĿ
͸߹ʥԺԼһȥʥԺȻû
ֻʥԺҪȥ׶˵һ˵ʱ򣬸˵ʥʵʵ˿
̿ʥ̵̬Ȳԣרȥ׶
׶һ֪ʾʥԺ˶е
ֻΪʥԺԾ
ȥǲܴ˵ģ̺Ϳ˹ֱȥʥԺ
ΪһʢĽգʥԺ׼˽ʱ䣬ھʥԺԶĵطʥڽͷɷʥˮ
ƽŶԼȥʥˮ
ʥˮоĹܣʥԺľǣֻҪʥˮܲ
˲Ĳϡ
ʥˮ˵Լ˲ûʥԺͻᱻȵͽŹ򣬳ͷ
ϾӲ֤Ĳϡ
̺Ϳ˹ʥԺڵ֮Ǿ˳·ȥ
ϾѾƽǽȥġ
Ǹ߽ȥƽǾԶÿһ·ƽǲɵԼǻۡ
̸˹ߵʥԺſڣʥԺѵó˴ţȻƽܽȥһ۾ܿʥԺ
Щڴ£ȻضĹʽ
ʥʱҲ߳װʹĹַƽǡ
ǵ
ڵˮҲټʥԺǻ˴ֱʵġ
ƽֱ΢û˺ˮõ˶ϣͷﻹỨ
ԽԽùֻʥԺѰһο
߽ʥԺʥԺѾ˲ˣЩ˶ǸеԺ͹壬վڴ濴ĵطȻһ̸Ц
ϾǸԺ壬֮һֱģϵܣҲ˵ϻ
ﲻ̫áһ̾˿ü䲢ûг⣬Щ˳ԲϷѡźһɱ
ԺӻɱֻµŵʱҲǺˡ
˵ҲãһЩˣͶһЩʳ
˵öԡ
ƽܻӣ岻һǻһֱȥֻ࣬١
̺Ϳ˹߹ȥʱԺǷ׷׸Ǵк
˹¶ɣ
˹¶ĹԽԽˣˣʥԺҡ
ǶԳ̲Ϥ˹¶֪ˡ
˹¶ʥԺ˹¶صĳҲѸٽƽ͹С
ƽ˹¶ǸֻĳУ͹Ա۸ǣҪǮֻҪֺýţҵԱϵĻȥ
ƽǶǲȥ˹¶ģΪ˹¶̫ˣõʵڵĵطǲȷ٣Ͳȥ
ԹʥԺ˵˹¶һв
ҵƽֶ֣ȻðһֵģϵƽƽµĲǶ
֪ôģȻ룬Ǵίߡ
˵Щ滰Ժ󣬳̲źȻ赭дʣ
˵ҲҪһûмء
ǻ࿴һɵ˵ҲǸŮˣͨŮû𡣡
ͷҲ˵Ϊ±Ƚϡ
û˵ȫ˶¶ղЦݡ
ǸɵӣʥԺĻûʲôû㲻ϴ⣬ȻԼˣɵʲô
ǶԳ˵ٷƢż᲻ϼˡ
̺ǿ̸𣿡
Ȼ£ʲôѵ˵ʲô𣿾ôǵľλǴӸ̳ģǸľλڸģѵջȥʲô˵
̾ЩЦ
˵ʥԺģһĽ䣬ֱ˳
ȻͦʵģǱʮĺŪûһΣʶʮԴΪԼҵľλմմϲ
װһĽؿ˵ҾͲôˣûоλԺҵĺܲܵһ
ǺȻ˼
ɣڻû𣿡
ڻûк𣿡
̻ǵԼ裬̾˿ҲԸһŮ˽ӣ˹¶СطҲҲݸŮˡ
ǣиŮպʮƢҲܺãǸǳõѡ
ҵиãʮģٵͿԽˡ

̣ʵ̫ˣ֮лĻһȥݷõġ
ʱ²ƽ񣬺äƼ޵ΪǿŵģϾŮ˲Ͻ֣ɻ⿿޷ҡ
ŮҲͶ£ǾӵһѡȨ
ǰ֮ǰҲäƼޣ£ȵĹڸĸ˵İ¼ϼ棬Ȼͽ飬齨һͥ
ΪƽķףҲһЩǻڻǰ»һЩʱ䣬ǿԳȥԼᣬԣ顣
ĳ˵Ҳһֽ
Ǵӳ̿еõ˽ȥݷõĴ𰸺󶼺⣬Գ̵ĵⶼСˡ
ϾһǿΪԼŮǳΪԼ÷򣬶ԼԺǼʵͬˡ
˭£̣˭Ӯҡ
ԼͬˣȻԽǿԽá
λǣע⵽˿˹ء
̣˽ˣҵĺѣ˹ء
û˵λҲûнأڹԺ˹ؾͨƽ
Ȼúÿûʲôãػ̫˼ȥ򽻵
ص㻹Ҫŵ̵ϡ
뷨Ļܸҹȥ
ҼвٿͷҲڼҡ
̸ǵ飬Ц˵õģʱ˵ɡ
ڣڸԺ̸һʱɧƽǱϿƽ񲻸ŭҲԣֻżʵʵ˺һξ롣
˵ֻ̣ˡ
ҵ档
ƽǿ
̾Щ˺ܿЦո̸ƽʱһû¶ƽ˼ˡ
һЩ˵ѹС
ִ棬̡ܲ


201 
ǳ̵һοſڽ, Ůͺ, һɫׯ, Ҳ׸Ĳһ, ôƽ, Ҳ, һ
ò㣬̵Ŀ֮һֱϡ
Ůͱ
ǸҰдϵŮ, ⲻûᣬûе
ոջڳǰŮĹǶͷʾҵء
г̸ˡ
ǸˣǿУ
ʥʦӭȥȴʥԺ
СߵĹ壺ʥԺӭ𣿡
ǿڵ֮ʥԺȥ
ҲС˵ʥԺҪ׼ʽ, ˡ
޻˵ʥԺҲܣʥԺ궼ҵ, Ҳ̵
Ŀ֮½ûлΧǿʥԺĵ, ʥһ߸ϵĸˡ
ڿȭͷ
ǵĿϣûκθо
ǺԺǶˣվߵߣֻվмͨϣҲȺУǶĵȴʥԺʽʼ
ڣʥԺվ˶¥ĸ̨ϣҲһɫֻǼ϶һײͷñӣȨȣ·ˣһ˲Ŀ⽻
˶ܿƿĿ⡣
ʥԺſ˵ʥʴ̫һԶҫˣ˽õѣ˽ڱʹ࣬һеˣһеĹȥδ͸Լʥ޴ڣԶͬڡ
˶̧ͷʥԺһ̣ʥԺ񡪡ԣû˵ǡ
ʥԺ˵ȥÿһ꣬ʥ鶼ش¸أ˳ԱůʥӲҫԼĹӲչʾԼǲ
Щ˯
־Ȼᡣ
Ǻ⡣
ʥԺ˵һ󴮷ϻ֮˵ʥ鵮ӣΪ˶ϵ˴͸
ʥʦһʥˮЩʥˮַƽȫͬЩʥԺƺ˽ۣĩˮƯţʮ
̲ǺܸҺȡֲִĿʳýۺͽ𲭣ȽҪǳ⣬ʥԺܸǮһʵ壿
һܴ͸Ȼʥʦˮ裬Ҫߵǰʱ
ʥԺĽֵϺȻһҽС
ǽҴ̶ܴ˵ĶĤ
ʥԺ˶롣
ʥԺ侲
ȴ˵˳ȥƽɶҵ񡣡
ʥԺϴ΢ЦʥԺƽֵһ᣿
ʥԺ¸˹񣬳ȥ
Ͱ¸˹һȥ
ƽҲ̻̲ǲ֪ҽǴﴫģ֪ܷһˣһʱ֮䣬ǲ֪Ǹ뿪ؼҡ
ܿ죬ܺ߾ͱ֣ȻΧ
ܺǸǳԣĸͷͨŮԸߣȻǼܴ󣬵ݵֻʣǼܵʱҲͲԵôˣĲӱ˿˸Ѿʧȥˡ
ƽŵΣֻûߣҪҶ֡
ǲ֪ǺõʱһСʬȻʥԺ¥
һ󾪺
֪˭һ䣺ʥԺˣ
ȻѸӦȫˣǱʥԺŰģ
ͽѸٿʼƾʲô˵ʥԺģʥԺôܺˣ
ΪʲôʥԺ¥
ѵû֪𣿺ܶʥʥͯڳɽϣȥһŰǳһҲ̶ãѵʥԺȫ𣿿϶ʥԺ˺ǣ
ͽܻ˭˭˵˭ʥԺʥ飿ѵΪʥԺʥһ𣿣
͵ʥԺĺӣǶüһΣж˴ȥ꿪ʼôʥԺûмԼĺӣɵˣЩӵˣǵĺѾˣʱƻϣĸܾȾǣ
һŮͽЩãҡѾûҵ˹ˡʥ̴˸˵˹ȥһܺõĵطҪĸĸˡ
ʥԺƭ㣡ĺӿ϶Ѿˣ
ǰĺƭȡŰɱҪǮ
ǿɱӵʬ嶼
Ůͽⲻܣ
¸˹˵ƽ񶼿ȴȥЩڰˡ
ǰ¸˹뷴ΪʲôҪ޲վ¶ʥԺĿѪӿ׼ʱŮͽĿָǡ
ûõģ滰ֻԼһʥԺɡ
޻ٿЦǶܽܣȻš
¸˹վ˵ʲô˵߳ѵ𣿡
ЩȺУڰ˽ǿֱҵˣǲԸԼģԸʥԺĹ滮
ڶʬ
뿴ɫ࣬һʬֻڵ˺ۣһʬ壬Ӷй˳ԸСҲ
𣿡
ǿʥԺǰԼĺ׸ǡ
ĺӣǱŰʱһϣĸܾȾǣһףǵĸĸΪʲôҪ͵ħ
һ˸ոռǰ棬ȻһŭȻƿΧ۵ˣ߹ȥŰѺӷ˹
һϤ
ĶӲǸСܱ궼һֵָֻܹԣĸ֪Լһ棬һ˳ԷӲĸ鷳
̫ˣһֱһֱܹԡ
˱źӣô˿̵һжǼٵģŵʬ壬һСľ˵ܣͻһֱ
ֻȥʥԺң˶ͽؼңʥԺʥԺǰȫĵط
˵ĵģʥԺ˵ûпԼߵˣһֱûлؼңϤһƬ·ġ
ãȻĿΧˣҪ˵ǣ·ģĺܹԣҲߣͻһֱҡġ
ͽûж˵ʹͬܣ˵϶ĺԼߵ˺ˡ
СӱͲǲǱʥԺ
ĺʥԺ£һԼĺˣ˱˵Ǯ
ʥԺ£Ǳĵˣ
ͽˣڵϣԼ·Ѻӽ
߳ĻĶߣ׺ݵ
ʮĴ

ʬ
顱ˤԱߵĵϡ
Χ۵±סˡΪϴ··ʥԺ
ǳɿ¶ϵˡ
Ķ̧ͷʥԺȻ¶һЦ
ʥԺȻϵġ
ô׾ӵֶΣʥԺ϶ῴ
أ
ֻҪͽһ˲Ķҡͳɹˡ
ߺʥԺ˿Ҫ£
һ£վʥԺſڣֻһǾܳסˡ
Σյζ
ңҪˡ


202 
ӿʥԺ̧ͷʥԺ
ҲʥԺʥԺɫ, ʹ, ƺûСźص, ˵Ŀ󣡡
󣺡ʥԺкʥԺˣǺӸ, ;ֹҡ
ʥԺץȨȡ
ʱ˿̣˶żĬ, , ʱš
ʥԺŴмһ䣺, ʥԺȷʵıЩӣҲӦʥԺ
󣺡Ҳǡ
ְԱǵɫãó񣬱òޡ
󻷹ܣǵı龡۵ףȻЦ˵Ϊʲôҵأ
ô֤ǲӷˣԼͬ飿
ʥԺǵĶ׸ʥ, ʥһֱ
󣺡ʥͯͽǮȻֻһνʥˮ𣿡

˿һ, жѸ٣ѴְԱȫ
ְԱסʼʥ䡣
Ҳսľ, ôҲû뵽ȻʥԺѡ
ȻΪǵĹ˵£ڣʥԺҲӦõȽ֮󣬲Ȼ
Ǹ壺ȻʲôӾ
Ӿ˿ĭȻƽΪҪʥԺ
ЦЦƽﲻǿеĴҪ
Ȼŭ㻹֪ǹ壿㻹֪Ӿ˵˭ķ룡
Ӿˣ˵һߣЩɵ
ҪȥȰĹҲ죬ͷ
ҪְԱȫѺߡ
ֻʥԺվھ׵ĵطŲǰץˡ
ɯ˿أңʥԺϵغֻûȨߡ
󣺡УʥԺûǴĻ޷ʱӵдȨ
ʥԺʽ֪ʲôǶ鲻
ЦҲǵһ첻ˣʥԺٲòŵ˳ҿɾǴˡ
ȫսĽ
ʥԺüͷ壺ʲôŵˣʥԺ˶ʥԺô𣿻ʥԺʲôҶԶΪǣηҲη
ǵңǿЦңȨȴᡣ
ˡ
أ
ЩʥԺĸأ
һУҪѸ˱ƳʥԺʱʥԺĴһ˶֪ʥԺḥˣʱڲ֮ء
ڣʥԺʲôѵĵűץ
ٴνƵ֤ʵǼʥԺģһʥջʥԺ
ְԱ̲סˣ
񶾵Ůˣ㲻䵱Ҳվ
ݵĶߣᷴԼò꣡
ʥһУȴɸ

ȴǵĻţֻǿʥԺ
ʥԺȻ֣ڶҵأ߰ɡ
ְԱˣʥԺ
ʥԺǲܶ˵ͷóˣҪôʥ飿
ʥԺ
ǿ
Ѿȭͷ
һȼյĻ棬޲Ŀ⽫ʥԺմ
ǻҶҪʣ¡
ܰЩ˴ߣû֤ݣ֤ݣЩƽţҲֻܰЩ˷ų
ɱˣʥԺͽͻᱩ
Ҫб⣬üȩ̈һ£ʥǣô
վôסˡ
һ
ڰĴĿǳ
΢Ц˵𾴵£ʥԺȥ̸һ̸˵ǸأҪô
Ȼû˸̨£ֻ̾Լվ̨ˡ
ֻˮû׼߽ȥ
ų̡
΢Цų˸񣺡ǳ̡
󣺡֪㡣
̣ҵҡ
ʥԺʥԺɡ
ʥԺȴ˵ûʲô̸ˣȻʥԺЩӣǾʹ߰ɣǿ֤Լף֤ʥԺףҲϣǵԼ˵Ļ
ȴʱ˵Ҳǣ£ƽаɡ
˶̡
΢Ц˵ȻܺƽĺӣȻ͸ƽУ֤ݰǰ
ְԱǶ˿øмų̡
ƽкܶͽƽǾǣǿͦΪԼ绤һκֽš
󣺡á
ʥԺҲûϾ󶼸ĿˣҲ˵á
ȥȺɢһյ
ƽǻ֪淢ʲôǼȼֽš
ʬҲŵƽϡ
߳ʥʦʥԺȻ
ûһʮˣȴһ㶼¶ӡ
ƽǾʥԺʥԺ
찡ҼʥԺˣʥһᱣҵģ
ʥԺȥĺӣ
ʥԺ̧֣˶󣬵˶֪ĺӱħȥħ޴ڣħħҪ¡
ʥԺ˵Ķԣ
ʥԺǴ͸ɣȥʥ߹ϺӣҪپʹˡ
Ⱥ˺һʥԺЩӶǴʥԺ¥ģһϻЩʥԺ˺˻ܱţ̷ʥѵ̷ʥԴӣʥ鲻ǽ³ͷ𣿣
ͽʥԺϣʥԺеó񶨵Ĵ𰸡
ȻʥԺ϶Ͱ˵ЩʥԺʥԺ˻ʱǵʬ𣿡
ҪĻǿ²ʥԺˡ
һ˭ĺôأ
ʥԺ޵Ŀһۡ
ƽǿȻû󣬵ܴźͷϵĺڿݡ
󡭡
£ѵҪΪʲô
Ҳ˵ʥԺ˵ɱģȻʱ䣬ӳ
Ϊʲôأ
ʥԺû˵㣬κһֻкڰֻ˺˵˶ܻ£Ӧһʴġ
ϣŵһնֻĥΪȤˣǸһôµ¡
ƽǿ󣬴СܵĽǵӣҶڳԡ
ǵѾ϶һնˡ
ȴŲæôʥԺܹÿжʥͯʥʧûʧٵʥͯʥӸĸǸ߸ĸʥԺҪЩʲôÿϵ񣬻Ǳȥͬ˵ķ䣬һˣ
ƽɫֱˡ
ƭˣŭƨ
ǸƭӣʥԺ£
ȴҲС˵Ѿûҵĺˡ
ûˡ
ҡе㺦¡
ʥԺʣ𣿡


203 
ƽҲӿ֣Щƽȫͽ, лû, ƽΪûͽǸ, ǵĹԱͽǾͻᱻż, ˻ܵõȨǵûʮҲһõ
Щƽȴҵʵӵ, ǵڻܹҵĺô, ֻ
֮, ǵֿסʥԺջ󣬼ڵͷ󣬶ǹҲһֱ֧
ƽʥԺ޿ײ룬ԼֻƽūŲʥˡ
ϵʥǲؽ˰, ģֻҪÿڽֵ, ͽǾҪϹ
̻ſڣҲſڿԾʥԺ˸Լ޹أϾһֺ, ӲΪ˭˭ӮԼǲģѲʥԺƻǵľλʥԺȺֻ֪˴
ԼĽ˼㣬ԸΪ˶ɵӣΨԼǴˡ
ʻԺЩƳҵƽ񸽺͵ǣʥԺ𣿡
ƽʱΪʥͽܾ۸òҵᷢйеĲ㲻̫ǰҲ޷ֹǰ·ԡ
ʥԺֻ֪ƻЩˣƾʲôʥ첻ȼõʳҲʥԺʳҷģΪʥͽ
£ʥԺ۸ǣЩʥͽҲ۸ǣ
٣ֻ׸ô꣬ڿȨ֮󣬾۸ĺҵܸǳĴˣæ״£Щ˶࣬˭Ҫǲʥ飬һѼҲ׸ʥԺ˭Ҫż۸
֮ǰиզģͽɱˣ
զҲһ񣬵˺٣զְʵΧСֻǲӣ
ʥͽǲʾզǸ񣡱ǳԱůʥְʲôҲʥְ
զǸС͵ҲС͵С͵Ӧñ
ʥԺʲô˵𣿡
ʥԺ˵ҿԸ
ʥͽǣʥԺû£Ȼں
ǣ
ʥԺ˵ǣǿ²ܸĸ棬Уһĸ棬ֻմȾ׵ĳζȥʥ飬ҪӵĻô뿪ĺӣĸĸˣʥͽˡ
ֱ̧ۣʥԺǣʥ鰮˺ӣͲʥˣʥ鲻Ҫϵͽ
ԭЩҡҪӵʥͽȴˡ
ֻһŮʥͽ˵Ժҵĺ߰ɣɷˣҲ׼뿪ʥˡ
ʵѾ˺ܾˣһŹֻʣһˣ˵ĸĸҲȥˣ׼ô˶ǮҸ̶ӣźһȥ˹¶ϾʥǣŮҪǮף첹ĻҪŸɣǮͣҲһĿ
һѣֻһֱûҵԼĺ뿪ʥԺ
ֻǸͨˣǰʥԺΪֻʥԺھǣܲɹ͵ˡ
׼뿪᲻ᱻھӵˣֻźߡ
󣺡ʥԺھʹʥͯ˰ɣ˰ѺͳҲø
ʥԺŴ
Ťͷʥʦ¸˹ȥùʥͯʥ̳
λʥ̳ʮֺͰݸߣ׾ж·˭Ҳ뵽˽һֱŰɱĥĵĿʮ꣬ۿҪʥλϴһӣôܲأοЩʥͯƽʱҲû˹ܣֻСҪʱŻһ
ʱˣЩ벻ģʯͷĳһҲûʲô
ʥվԼӦûôŮ˵ĺ˵û
Ů˵ҵĺӽа¶
ʥ룬Ժܺãæ˵ھͽ˰
˺ôһ
ûͺá
̫ˣûʥԺɫ˲õģ
˲˵ҲͲ˵滰οСǺģ˲ɾˮ˲ɾʳиС˿ڣпҪǵ
Ӵɵˣ
ʥԺɫ࣬ʹˣιȥ
ֻ뷨ûиʵȻһеʥԺʹˣôһֱվأ
˵껹ߴԱߵʥʦȥʥԺһӣһˮ
зۣʥԺһ㡣
Ȼʥʦæҵİȥӣȥ˷ˮ
Ǹе˻˵ʥԺʥܿһУһҲԸ⿴ʥԺιȥϾʥԺҪάʥ顣
ʥͽǲԡ⻰е
ʥܣ϶ԱʥԺʥʥͽʥԺǴʥ˼ʥ鲻ܲ
ʥʥԺӡ
ʥԺǣתͷǸ˵ˡ
վſڣվſ˹أʥԺ¶һõЦݣס˿˹ص֡
ʥԺ񰵳޵Ҫˡ
ʥ̰һСк˳кѩ׵ʥЩãȻ֪ʲôҲȷʵܳԱϵܿ
СһעţµĿ˳
ʥԺ˿С˵˻ģֻҪŮ˿ѺӴߣ¾˽ˡ
ɾʱСĸףǻڵСǿϣæĸȥ߿ޱܣǲʥ°ڱڽ¡
Ȼͱˣ챻û·¶С
ؿڣ򣬶϶кɫٺۡ
ĸ׶áǸ޹ˣӵŮˣ֪ĺۼҪŪ
첽ǰѺ§ԼĻ
¶źӵ֣
ӱ춯صΧ۵һƬȻ
˵ǺԼŪĺۼ
ֻǼ棬ŮСʱϲԼ첲ϵƤ
Ҷǰϲֱ

Ⱥʵ¶ϵĺӡôģ
¶Ȼе֣Щã˿Ҫ˵
ʥԺˣ֣֮ĿҲģ㺢Ѿˣĸ׻ȥɣôˣҪŵ
ǰСӿ϶Ầ¡
ؼҰɡ
¶ĸ׵Ļգգ۾ϵˮɵԺЩۣûб˵СŮӡǴ˸ġ
¶ƺǼõ£˵˵ණ˰ණԽȥҾ͸ɾˡ
ĸѾɵˡ
¶˻ҡ
˵ˣĸ׷һĸʨһģòģĺӲĻѣ
ôСʲô
ʥԺʣʥԺʥͯе𣿣
ҵĺȥʥԺ̣𣿣


204 
鵽һѾҪ, վڴſ, źۼĿڿ˹ϣĮĿʥԺ硣
ƺΪƽжϵ, ʵҲҪҪһŻɵ, Ҫӷѿʱ򣬽һˮ, ʩһʩ, Ӿͻɲ, ʱʥԺڡ
ֻӵḶ́ǲӮҵġ
еʥԺò֤ݣҲһһϦıǵ뷨
סӵŮͽѺӵԴԼΧ˿ӵ޾ŭʥԺһȥҧ϶ԷĲӡ
, ͽȴìͷ׼
ǱʥԺİɣ
ǣ粻ʺ, ʺӣʱʺӣ˵ĺڱͽʥԺ֮ǰ, Ͱ˵׼ˣ

ŮͽŶָĻܲˣһУΧ˲ָֹͣ
ȻɤɳƵ˵㣬ʥԺһҺܵһУҲܣ
ȻײײվԼĺӣȺԶȥ
ָνԼĺЩ
ûԺͽǶΪǡ顱˵ģʲôأ
Ϊܵô졣
ˣϷݲȥˣĽʥԺտӵʥ̸һ
Ҳټ
ʥԺ߽ʥԺʱĿ˳һۡ
̳΢Ц
ʥʦǶԳ̸ĹˡʼΪ̶ʥԺûк⣬γ£̼˵ʥԺ壬ˣȻϲˣ̬ҲãĵǺõģ֪ƶ֪ʥԺơ
¸˹뿪ĶԳ˵
ų̺Ϳ˹ȥһС䣬ⷿȾͷûдƲ͸⣬ֻһյɢŹâ
ﻹһùζͻҳζ
ûͷƵĿڿ˹ػվǰİ¸˹񣺡Ҫ˵ʲô㻹Ҫ˵֮ǰĽ飬Ȱ㻹ʡʡɡ
¸˹ҡҡͷ֪Ҫʲô
̿üʵҪʲô˵
¸˹񣺡ҪҺʥԺ뿴ʥԺƻƽݱ䡭
ҡҡͷˣֻҪƽû̫ˣͻǺƽݱ䡣
¸˹ɫ䣺㵽ʲô
̣ʵ˷̫ʱ䣬пո˵ЩȥȰȰʥԺɢʥԺְԱͨˣԭֻͨ˶ѡ
¸˹񣺡ʥܸʲô
΢ЦľƽʱǻеҪһͷһվǵĽǶȣΪȡȨˣǳˣиˣǶҪһ䡣
죺ô
¸˹ˣָܿǣƽģǺױƭһ΢ĺôǱ㡣
ҡҡͷҲҪǰңҪǳʥԺңޱȰãֻҪδǾͻᱻʹΪʲôƽ޴أƽʵġ
¸˹񣺡ƽô޴ʥԺ˵ʲôʲôԸЩĵʥ̵ĻҲԼӵĻʵǰǶܼװող𣿡
ֻ̣֤Ǻܴ
һӶѣֲԼģԼģԼҲֹһӡ̣ô˵ܻụ́ܲȷʵһӾܵõ棬ΪʲôôأδиຢӣǲǲţǲţһˣʥԺˣǵõĺôûˡ
¸˹ЦǵõʲôôʥԺǳҲǺȣҪ׳Ʋͺӣͼʲô
ɫļС
¸˹˹һ̡
̣ǼУͬǽŽһǶͨƽ񣬾ԼûȨûаȫУûбĽڿԱţֻʥǱţΪʥͷҵģѵˣ˰ȫС
˶ˣڼУǾͻйУҫУǻԸһеõҫ
¸˹񣺡Ҳס
̣ʥʦһʥԺѡʥͯʥͯʥӣʥܱʥʦ
һӱַẦ£־壬кӶַأͳ£ûַķᱻɹͽ
ʱˣûַĺӻᱻųڼ֮⣬κ˶۸
ĴڣñַĺӸŽᣬû˻䵽ĵزȥֻܸŬֺôǡ
̣ߵڰʱô򵥣˶ôǾǶԵģ˾Ǵġ
¸˹񣺡ΪЦԭ򣿡
̣ЦҾòܣͱʥԺ㵱һʥԺ˻ô㣿
¸˹ǻǣΪҲ䡣
ЦЦʥԺʥʦֻһûΣô룿
¸˹Щˣǿ϶û
̣Ȼһδֻʣˣʵ飬޿ܻǻ޵ģֻްԼȥˡ
˵ƽҲʥԺһδɸѡͽڲһδεżɸѡµĶҳˡ
ûĹƽ;Ե塣
ͶƱƣı˶ıߵģ˶ǱǴأأ
̶԰¸˹˵ҵˣҪеû£ù˵Ҫһʱ䣬ʱɡ
¸˹Ȼڣȵȡ
תͷ
¸˹񣺡ʥԺأأ
̯֣˵ˣҲֶ̫Ρ
¸˹˸ۡ
ס˹صĸ첲߰ɣǽȥţţҿųʦ
˹ûҪ졣
̣жν
¸˹ڳ̵ıʣҿ𣿡
ͷҲûأȰòҪϣڱϣΪϣģϣģ϶һ
¸˹Цʲô
̣ĺܶࡣ
¸˹й⣬ų̵ıӰңʲôϾͻǰҲһ
̣֪ʥԺʳϾҪ붬ˣʥԺʳȥûô
¸˹㱵ȥˣ
̣㲻𣿡
¸˹ҡҡͷǲңˣܶˣܶ޸ĸĹ¶ƶ񡣡
̣ʲôǽҵѵһ᲻𣿡
¸˹Ŵұ֤㷢ģ
̣ҷġ
¸˹¶ģ붬֮ǰһջֺ⡣
Ц̫ˡ
תͷ¸˹һЦ졣
¸˹ȴЦ
Ȼã̱Ǹڷ˸ħ


205 
ڽ֮󣬳ܵʥԺ, ڿʼ, ̾Ҳṳ̂ʥԺһҲ̫
𽥱, ջһЩʳʥǽŵ۵õ˻, ʥǵҲƽࡣ
ʱţֵ϶ǿ, ʳؼҵƽ
Сڽϴ, ܣȻűͬ׷
ʱ̶, ʥһֱ˵ҪԸʥԺҵͷˡ
Ȼȵܱߵʳ٣Ǯ˴ڻʳٴߡ
ĵһѩʱ۸ߵһ˷ָĳ̶ȡ
һöͭҲ򵽴С󣬲ֻһڳ죬⻹ʡųԣֻջ, 졣
ɶ죬ǵͲôů, ʧĿ죬޷ӣƽ֮ǰҪҡ
Ψһ, һʥԺԮ֡
ѩʱԸڱ˹¶ޱ¯һգޱһǣů
˹±ͣ䣬Զ̴ڵʱ򣬿˹شĶǳ·¶Լظɢȡ
ʥԺһͼ𣿡Ƥֽʿ˹ء
˹أǻὩ֣˭ɿڡ
ɿڵǸһʲôǰǸ϶־嵣ģǻὩֵĸãֱƽʵڳŲס
˵Աڣƾ̶ºʥԺ˽⣬ӦǲģǶԼ쵼ߣ쵼ôܶһ쵼ߵͷأ
˹أǲ֪ƽʲôʱŻϽͷˡ
ֹ̣̫ۣƽ񲻱ƵվĿԺС
̵ĵǣЩϴԵʥͽԸȡĻᡣ
̣ɵ˶ȥˣôɡ

ع˿ڰ˴֣סʥǵƶԭһƬûסģܶʧȥԼķӣǮ˻ԼһӣԼȥһľݣԼһ֮ʱˣҲͳ˾סȫˣǮˣһЩеλǮƽ񶼲̤
أȥˣ·Ľؿء
ǸСӣǰסһѸļÿ¶ѸһЩ䵱ס޵ķá
ǿ׳ƷֺܺãܳȥһǮʱȥ
ѸҲõģڹѸʲôҲ
سԱߵЦЦɽû֮ǰˡ
Աߵ˷˸ۣ̫ˣû·ҪǴɽϣ˾ˡ
Ĳ񲻹һãǶʡš
Ȼڴִţʱô죿ӳô죿
ˣһҪ취á
ڸǺѹ֮󣬾ͻصסĵطѸûкӣɷǰˣԭļ޵ģˣЩ˶סķģסģΪ϶ɷһǮʳ
Ѹڷ˵Ŀ֮˵׼
֪Щ˾ЩӪǻЩЩƲĹѸȻԽסһ𣬵Χ˶ΪǷ֮Ǿ취ӷ⣬ռӺǮΧҲ뵽Щɷ򺦵ӡ
ǺˣԸһѸ飬ûһ֮Ǵӵĺ
Ȼǿܾͻõһʼʩ
ǲһط̫ãȻǵƽҲܿ
ѸסΪѸ˼Ҫǿҵˡ
ڱܾ֮ÿ·Ҫǿſڣǻˡ
һº󣬹Ѹɿˡ
ʱһͷصĺôشӲķ䣬۾ҿֲҶǮ˵ԼǮ
ÿ˳ȥҹҪȥɽ϶࿳һЩǵĲ϶õˡ
ѸʱãعҲܺãʵ̫ˡ
ҵ𣿡ѸؽͰõĺϡ
سѸ¶һõЦݣҵˣһү
Ӱͳöͭҡ
Ѹӹ֮˵ԽԽˣȥɻҪô죿
أȥаʳѾˡ
Ѹҧûл·ˣ
̾˿ûʲôͺˣҰˣҵʱȥɽժԡ
ѸЩۣҲȥɽϡ
أǲУɽжߣг棬㲻ȥҪǳô죿
Ѹøˣǳ޴ڣûһͰ̾˵ȥﶼڶҲǼˣǰ˵ĻƶҲҪʮöͭҡ
أܳԾУʡԡ
ѸʡʲôԲôɻɻ͵ö㲻ʡʡ㣬Ե㡣
صıܸжҡԺõģ
Ѹˣ˵ͺܺˣȡȴ쵽ˣǴǮͽɣҵʱҲܳȥǻϺӵġ
ɵЦãʱһѺӣ
ѸһصͷҪңԼ԰ɡ
һ˶ӺЩﻹ˵СֻʣһСˣС꣬ǾֻһֱԶӡ
ֹ˰£ѩԽԽƶܶ෿Ӷѹ壬ƶ޴ȥǵھӶǡ
ôˣô죬Ҫһ˴⣬һҶܲˡ
ɲǽݣЩ㲻Ҳᶳ
ظѸסǼҺܴǿ˯ذϣҿĲ㹻ˡ
Ѹأɵôˣô죡
а취ң֪ôŪʳ֮ǰֻҺ㣬ҲȥŪҪǼ˶ˣŪʳǾǱǵˡ
ѸҧŴأ㷢ġ
ؾ֣ҷġ
Ѹ֪ܲһľľҪ
ءδһչˣѾݰУ޷԰Ρ
մӦص󣬰ʮ˴˼ҡ
ȺŮ٣ǴѹķҵдƲǴغ͹Ѹļҡ
Ȼڼױ¯ǰ𣬻ָ¡
ض˵Ǽҵʳûжˡ
ʳóǶӣ˴ӸǿǲŵĻȥĹҡ
ػһ̰˵֣ȥҵʳȫ㡣
۾һתȻȥˣһȦ߽߱ǽȫҹûҵһŶӣֻܴͷɥȥ
ؼ˵ӣôˣֻܳ٣ÿ˵ĺֻʮŶӡ
ȻǲģСܲˣοˡ
أһ취ǸȥǣŪʳ
˵Ļ˵
ǵԼѡȨҲ


206 
ͷϵҵˣǵĹ, ˸, 㲻̫Ҳ̫
СȴΪ, ǵĻȥڻڲֿ, ÿΧҵεֻֻһǮȥ˿ֿ⡣
ûǮ, ûʳ, Ҳֻա
סʥƽ˵ƽʵм˻۵ĲƸġ, ҲôһֱʥԺ
סڳǱϵģġƽ񡱣ûʲôҲҪĸӣ˶һӡ
ļѣǰпڷԣֻҪԸԿ࣬ҵɡ
ȴʲôû, ԽԽ䣬ѩµԽԽ, ÿ춼ҪݶϵĻѩӶҪԣ˶ҲҪ, ﱣů·࣬кʵ·ֻһ˳š
Ͷ·ʱǱþʱԭº͵˶ƫ
ǻΧһжϺ⣬ԸⱰ΢һʳҲԱǸС˾
࣬øη壬쵼ʱܽìͷͷϵүǡ
Ҫһ䣬һ˸ԼΪҵɣǾãҲжԷŵ䡣
Ҳʱǵߣزһ˳ֵģһȺˣŮ٣ǴƲ·ֻǿһ·ߣʵģ˺ŮȥһѱһĿޣ޵òãԷҪߣŮ˾ͻűסԷȣ֪ԷǮ
ҪŹŮ˺ˣԱ߶ŵǾͻǰ
ҪĵҲ࣬öͭҾ͹ˣЩסΪ˽ʡʱ䣬׼öͭҳ¡
Ǯţÿȥ֮ͰǮó㣬Ȼʱٻͬ˺Լһȥ
Ķ˵ʳ͸ɱĻƶһҲܻԲһһ٣Ҳû˱Թ㲻˯žˡ
ĵҲûУҹ͵ģ˷֮󶾴һ٣Ȼӳ˷ӡ
ڶϣ˾ͲˣﶼǻˣһûС
˳Ա㣬Լǵʱ֪ͬʲô
ԼŻ˭ǻֻ֪ʳһߣǾͶĶӣ˵⼸졣
οشӲǣжǮﶼеףôҪǻͷˣ˵Ǳ˵Բ԰뱥ס
Ͷص˱ԽԽ࣬ģǳһɲС
ǶˣûйûδֻһɺݾΪ˻ɱˡ
ԽԽ࣬ھӶصĶ飬ھӵķҲˣؾͳûǡ̡
ûģʥԺĴŶȥ
ظ˵ڲԶĵطһн˹¶
ҾǴģʱҾԼᣬ棬֪ʥж෱˵ʱʹı鲻α
˵˹¶ҲԵñӣзסм˻벹ÿ¶õԵСˡ
ؿһݵֻʣŮˣŮ˴һŮȻݣǺ׺ݣһͷĸǡ
ǵһȥסǮȵǸߣ˴Ҳ֣±ͷѪҲץŶԷĿȡ
ض˵㣬ŮŮˣû˸ɻȥ˵£Ů֯·̫ãȥϴ·
˵Ů˶࣬ÿ϶ѲߣҪס㣬ܰߣҲҪôǵء
㡣ָһ沿覴ãôÿȢŵ˵˹¶Ů˱Ķֻ࣬ҪŬɻи壬Ůܿ㡣
ذ˶˵Ҫ˵ûǮȥ˹¶
ոջȼϣһȥ˹¶ǳĬˡ
ǴʥǣŪһڳԵģȻᰤȻᱻ˸ϣǺôгԵġ
ȥ˹¶ĻûǮ̶ܸӣߵһ˾ûˡ
ش˵ı飬Ժ˵Ҳûϣ֪˹¶ȥ˹¶֮ǰ˹¶˹ʲôʱ߻ûȥ˹¶˱ǻңֻŵû˸ȥ⣬򲻵ʳ
桪Ǵ඼ӵģűˣϾû飬ӴֺޣǵС
ʱһ˳ΪǹճһĳУôܲأֻҪطڣǾĴһϣ
ȾĲˣؾͶ˵ڣ˹¶
˹¶ƽ·зԣվˣҲʥﵱˣзԡ
̲סʣǡֻ˹¶ܲʥǰʥǻҺʥԺ
ǣǰùҺʥԺ𣿡
غһҺʥԺֻںЩүǣЩˣҪˣ˵ǻˣû˷ʳˣﻹһֻɱ⣬ܸʲô
˵ɫˣǶ֪Լʲôǣӱ˵Լĸоȫһ
˭Ҳǻڱ
أ˵ʥԺЩûмҲˣʥ鶼䡣
ҲʥģǲֱӷأֻС˵ʥ飬Ժܹӡ
ûʥ䣬û˸ǽ壬ֻֻ֪Ҫʥ飬»ŵʱĲãҲܡ
ǻûָֻܼϣ
ȴĴǵĻ룺֪ЩȥʥĶʲô𣿶ǹ壬ЩóöҵĸҲԼжǮǻŵʱ򶼳Բ˾ܳԱˣʥôȾڵأ
Ҫôģھ߰ɡ
һ˵˵ҴǣðôѩȥҪǮṵ̂һͭ壬ûٸһڳԵġ
ҪǾһжʥǵģھͳȥʥ黹ʲô
ڵѾ˶ｨԼţǶҪһĹǣؾ͵Ĺǡ
ЩˣΪʥǵĵһ
ؿŸոǼˣǼ˵ͷû˵
Ҳûͨ˵˭ǣֻҪԷǳԱůǾ͸Բԣ
ˣֻԼǲָҺʥԺλ˹¶ˣһܹүǲܹӡ
ؿʼǻ
֮ʣλˡҲܽӴˡ
أǲýӴֻҪǾͺˣ
ֵô
ʮЦ˵а취
ôãһֱûڴǰ¶ֻҪɹˣ˹Ҳѹһͷˡ
ɲȼ˹ز
лҪ˵ʲôҪøߵ±׼ȥҪѵˡ
ȻǸڹ˹¶£ųʥǵ


207 
ѩµٴ󣬸ǮүǶûϵ, ܲȱȱ, סùݣֻӴ˳һ, ϰȫ̸Ǯάϳֺ̳ܴ, ùݣֱӱ̰, ʱһֱͳĴ, һЩԱ͹¡
ԱȻǹ壬һ꼸ûʲô, ϾȨģλǰš
޷Լأѩ·ٶҲܱ֤ΣգµĹƽʱǿǶǾۻᡣ
ŮƽҲˣƯкŮһСߡ
Ķ, ٣ƽֻİ취
ûд, Ϳʼָùĳ
ʱǶĬֻŮ˿ɿڵķˣҲкô, ٸŮһ
ֻ벻˼ңſ
ʱ򣬳ҲûмڼҲûãһʱ䣬ÿ˸Ǵ򽻵׻˽ʥԼϵ˹ľ֮⣬оôԡ
ҪԼҵŲόꡣ
ԣڳųûнг棬ֱĽ֡
Ҳ۷ŽܷĹӣˮ֮·ͣΪ̫䣬óѹӷб¯ķ
ÿ춼Ҫټˮͺۣ߰ۺȻ͵󣬱ݣ־ˡ
һ޿һӣֻҪÿ֮ˮιС
Ҳβ취֮ǰҲͼǵôϽ档
ϽȱȽԣǴζʱӶˣͷͻζȻѳԣǲζĿ϶ܺá
˰ѴǿǷۣӽƬĴ򷢣һЩۣȻٵŽ
Ѿˣǵ⣬Ȼûͣڸ֮࣬ǰһѹɽȥк֮һۣǾ͸ˡ
̴ľƺǷǳܻӭɪ֮˹¶Ǳ̶Ӵ˼ܵӲͨǮְܵʱǾǮ
ȻδӹζУˮһ࣬ζζֻܰζĹ
ɼǹǮ
ڳ̵ᣬǱضеģ˵⣬лƾơ
ʳҲǸģ弦ǳܻӭСϺƬ˵ϺƬʵûϺ
п࣬Ȼۣɳͨ紦һгɲƬڿɣȻ͹һըͿ
ִ࣬ʵûʲôζκζƷҲɫʳٶҲ̫
ǴӿȡģĥԺˮ꣬ɴˮ˳ȳ֮󣬵µľǿۡ
۳̲óˡϺƬó˿ۣһֻķƫ׵͸ʸУ;ڸзǳá
ڳÿηųҪϢʱ͹ԱǶ뾡취Ūһ뺯
һ뺯ԴˣĹ⣬廹ԴһλŮ죬ӻ˶ԡ
ǸеҲν̵ҲǸˡ
˶ˣĵöˣֲÿ˶нģнģҲ˵©ʱ
ο˵ûʲôֻһļǵֻҲֻлƺͶģˣûʲô⡣
ū˼ǮĽǶʿ֮ԭÿ춼ǶڸһſһΡ
ǼԺ쿪ţʼ춼ڼԺԺгкȣˡ
ʱ䳤ˣҲеԿۡ
̵һô͵˸סķǡ
ɪǵԼһյʱʱһ죬ʵһŷĵĶĹˣֲԼأʲôţÿ죬ǻҪȥһȥǰһ죬ǲƣʱϻľζѬԷ
˹¶ɪȻ̫Сطʲôö
ɪ˵ľƺôģ
ѳԾģ
ɪȻΪ˹¶ΪʲôôǮ
ѿ۰ɪɪЩ˵Ҹֲʶ
Ѳ̫ˣҲǹ壬嶼𣿡
ɪʥԺ
ѵɫŻһЩ
ԴһҾȥһ
ɪû뵽ôҪȻԷ˿ڣҲֻǿǿĴԷһȥ
׼ĵһᣬֻ˼ˣһǰ¸˹һǰɪмǴ˹¶ˡ
˳ҪĶࡣ
ùݲСɪһȥù⣬ǵʱѾˣùůƵĹӴ͸棬˵˶£ӳʲôǾͻһϣܳԵġ
ɪЩ˺Ȼû˸ߣ
Ը⿴˺ˣһ
ɪڷѩùݵĴšǽҹػȥ˯ϾùݣڳϢ̫ˡ
ùݵŴ򿪣һһ¥Ĵ¯ľ̿ȼţɢ
֮ģһζƺʳ
ʲôô㣿ɪ˽ݣ¶񣬾ŮͽӹȥҺãˮٶ̣ϾŷѩѾʪˡ
¶֮󣬰ɪһɣŮ޲ֻ̡
үǲ֣޲ģů͡Ů͵ͷ˵
ɪЦ潲
Ȼǹ壬һȣĴֲˡ
޲֣ȷʵоů˺ܶ࣬¯ߣ¯ߵϰϺƬ͵⣬ϡֲե֭ˮζ֣Ǻȹ˵˾ͻúúȣһҺ͹عΪֲֻͱϣû˹ֲ
ɪǶ𵰸⣬ԱߵСӣŮͣʲô
Ůʹǵ⡣
ɪûʣҲԸԵùªţװĳһС顣
̵ʱ򣬰ɪǶѾѵϺƬԵĲˣǶ޲ڣ޲ýͰѳ͵ߡ˵ĸɵó
ϲĻʹȥŮͽѳǵķȥס
ˡʱҲǻ̲ϲܸı˹¶ڿɸı䲻ʥǡ
뿪˹¶˹¶ǵ˼ͻ˺ܶࡣ
¯ߣ
һξۻᣬҲûʲô⣬һЩʲôʳ׼ʲôʱԼء
һʳĲˣŮǲſʼϲˡ
ϵŨǾŨõţǹ˶Σк֭ţ̣ζûôأټһЩŵϵζ㲻ׯ԰ȵŨôѺˣׯ԰ŨһϺɧζ
滹пеġ顱顱ûмǣûζŨҲΥͣͦн
ɪСӰѡ顱Ҩԡ
Ũ֮ǰˣǰӣ࣬Ƿ۰׵ԲӣҲһ㿨еۣӨ͸Խﻹе㿨е㣬Բм۶ҧ֭ˮڶζȥȵ˹Сʱģûһζ
ڵ˲㣬Ϊζһɻ֮ȥζһд̡
ֻ˻ԣǮ˻ǸԼ⡣
ȻƣȻ˵㣬ʱˮĶﱾͲ࣬֬ô
ұѼζãɧ
ǮҲ졣
ɪԼͷȥǿڸ֮ɪ˲ͱԲˣԼһݣĿ˵ӡ
Щ˵װҲнģóÿһݵķٵ㣬Աٵ׺һЩҶ֭ٵķһ㣬ӣÿÿͰ󡣡
弦⣬ãȻüƽ׹ϼ壬ٰѼȥ죬΢΢š
ʱһ֥飬Ա߷һҶ
ѾҲ˲
ΨһóЩźǣڻûѲŪȻʢźƣζӾҲһܡ
ٰ̾ĵһʮԲɪ˶һ޲ڡ
ͳˣƷ
Ʒ׼ǽǲ㣬ֻҪţ̣Լǣ䣬Ʊ̨Ϸһͺˡ
û˻᲻ϲۻۣǳԼģţɴ˺ܶΣҪǳ̲֪ôŪ״ף״һıţζ٣̶Ҳ㹻ˡ
Ҳ׼һЩߵʱ򶼴ϰɡԼҲСӳԲ
ǰĽǲǰĺãûôճɫҲнǲԣҪʲôг
ɪܲõǸɣۣҪֲ׽ʳ
̺ܴ󷽣ǸһҪʲô𣿡
ɪҲԾԼǳ̵ˣ˲ǣҲ˵Һϲ
̾Ů͸ɪװһߡ
ǿɲǻøء
ʥֻ⣬ǿɲ׼ʥԺҪ˹¶ġ
һðɪӡ̣һͨľۻᣬûмŮûкȲľƣûбԹһμͥۻᣬֱζʳǵ⻹ϺƬ˰ɪ̸ʣڲμ˵ʱܻһıʾûг̵úá
˺ܲ⣬ǳ棬ǻѯʰɪ̵ᶼʲô
ɪͻ˵ûˣҲûкȲľơ
Ǿͻ棬ȻûУǰɪƾʲô˵̵εĺã
ȻɪͻNɪ˵һţŮͻҵĶõһȥ̣ߵʱ򣬶ů͵ġ
ȻŮͻһ޲Ҳֲ¶Ƥˡ
һ¯Աȥֱ߾ϣеϺƬԸĻһܳԵִıɺͿϹԺζ
һ߳Զϣһ죬ǰǱ¯Щľ̿ûʲộҲûŵζ
Ȼʹ磺ϵŨҸұ֤ǴδȹôúȵŨ滹оӨ͸ԲԲĶ˵ǵ飬ܵûʲôζͣ
ȻԲҵ찡Ǹ޷ʲôζҸҴģǡ
ˣǴδԹôóԵԲ
ɪͷԵõǲӲ̤̤Բ͵ģҧȥ滹Ũ̫֭˼ˣԲмǿյģ
һһʿˮ˳Ժһ¡
ǿһζûУ㣬ͣǵ弦⡭
ɪζҰһͣ۵úܣһ㶼񡣡
Ѳܿһ˳ͷæ˵ǵǲʳ֡ˮǹ壬þ׽ͻ˺ָо𣿡
źض԰ɪ˵󲻳ײ˵ģǵȲٴȥ̵ˣһӦûһϾѾˡ
ն˵˹¶ܱøԣһΪкóԵʳҿҲǸɵҪļѺȵŨʵˡ
ɪѲֳϵĴ꣬ܲμӳٰ̾Ȼͳһʮҫ¡
ʼʱ򣬰ɪõ֮û취ȥֻܴһȥ
ȥһҲ޲ڣһҲյ̵
ֻʮԺ󣬳̷ȷ涨ֻܴҾ죬ܴˣˣЩҲ
̸ԭֻһùҲ
ӴʮѾǼˣܸˡ
Ǳʾ⡪ٱ˵Ĺ⣬ǻЩԽС
˶еûʲôϡ棬ֱûУеԽУʮ̶СУǾǾһˡ
뿪̵ùݣǶԶԷڸϾһ𣬾Լ֯ᣬҲֻˡ
ʱˣܴ̾ǵõܶϢ
ӵĹǰɭ󹫣ɭӲΪжΪϡ֪ڻ˹¶ʥʿǰɭ󹫵Ķӣû뵽ԭĹѾ˴󹫡
ȻԼأ󹫶ʱ䶼Ǵġ
ȥҽءһô˵ģܵõٺôϵ˹ҲͱȸȺһЩûʲôرĶ뻻ӣҲ٣ܴӿɲܻһЩ
Ц˵ɲغãȥùܷܶգѼúܺãϾǵĲҲá
ҼҵʳǿɲʳСɱĸζҲã㣬Ҳõöࡣ
һӾҲ̣߳ͿɲĹûиȴԱűúܽңȴõøһһ
ҿɲʳ࣬ǵʿҲǿ׳ҪǳԵĺã˵⣬ÿܳԵ⣬ɲʳȥ͸ǽϾʢƽ𣬽಻ʤḻ¶زڸֻ֣ҪпɲڣƽͲӡ
ΪǸԣСΪ˲ϵ˹߸ȹռ죬һֱŽᣬƽͨͨ飬ѾûСĶ˻߿ɲˡ
Խ࣬ԽöͿɲĹǻۣˣͷϵĽûõģҵҲûõġ
ֻƽ߶ƽ˲ȹ̡
̰нڵõϢúּ¼СӣЩһϡ
ҪģǵȴҲΨеȴ
ϣҪˡ


208 
һ׷ӣʥǵĳǱ, ⷿӺ, Ǻܴ󣬿, Ҳסˣʵ, ڱѩѹ塣
ⷿǸ׼ġ
һҹܵڵùݣڵѾۼһǧˡ
һǧȫ, ܱؾۼ, ҲΪ£ܸṩһȶ
̵ȻԸ֮ǰȫ׷ѡ
ֻ˼˹һ˳ȥ, ˼˹⣬ܼ˲š
Ҳ֪ǲΪܼ˲һغͼ˹ĳЩ񣬶кǿҵĺͼģҲӲڳǰԼһ㣬ŹܼʵҲˣϹܼἸʮ꣬˵غͼ˹ظ
ôʵеϧϹܼԼҲôġ
׳, в־ʱ򣬲ų̂, ôҲֻܴһ, ˵ĲƲͽʡ
ˣˣµʱȴˣֻˡ
ԼҲΪ̶غͼ˹ǸģϾĳ˵ҲϹܼ죬ϹܼҰĵӳ䡣
ֻҪٸһʱ䡣վڳףͷҳϵ˵ٿ£ǧˣࡣ
ǹһЦԽԽƽͷǶǴ˿õ
ǴĲҵ
̵ͷһᰲŵģҲҪ̫ļ
أǴ˵ķԸ
뿪̲ŶԿ˹˵ԸҲмᶨĿꡣ
˹һ߿ıʼǣþС
ЦЦҪ˵ôѪôҲҵˡ
˹زÿɷ񣺡Ժ߻иˡ
ߵ˹󣬱ס˹صļ򣺡ͺˣʵҲûٵף˵ʵҾҲԽԽѪˡ
˹ط³̼¼õĲӣǺ£վڵλϣҪһֱңֻԽԽ⡣
ȥ˹صգϣһչɡ
죬õĻᣬʱµӣܲջͿⳡѩˡ
ʥǵǺȻʼڿഫһط
Ǳһܴķӣ
˶ܽȥǻȥɻǾܵõʳ
˹¶ķӣҲ˹¶ˣ˵Ů˺ͺӻֵܷ·
ÿ춼ɽڻԱ˯ůͣ
Щţŵ֮ͿʼѰҳǱϵķӡ
¶˹һҾѰңŴĺģֱ˵ķӣȴû˵Ķ
¶˹һԭˣҲûн飬ֻһһŮİ飬һˣȻŮͻУϳ˼ң¶˹ֻܰӰһƾɵľÿ»ҪǮ⣬ӳԺ¶˹ҲΪûǮҲ˳ȥ
ʱѾ붬ˣʼ¶˹ҵɣ˰ȥɽϿ񣬵
ԽԽ䣬ԽԽߣǵɽϸ䣬˵һɽͻɽϣǼѾʮûнˡ
¶˹ƤǡʳҪӣӳԲûˮûˮӾͻȥ
⼸죬ѾûˣʳԹˣÿ춼ôС
¶˹ΪһҪϢȲܵ磬ֲܱľʱȻھӵ̸
֪ǱһӵĴڡ
ӣһȥңϣӵѰҵʱˣ޶˵Ҳ˵㸺
¶˹ĺӭĴѩż򣬵ͷڽֵϼѵţ֪ĿĵĶֻһֱߡ
ԼһôȽѾû֪ˣıӴӺ÷࣬ۿžҪڵʱȥ
¶˹˵ѩϣ֣ȴûվ
ôһųԷ졣
Ҳãǲǣ
۾
¶˹ΪԼѾˣֻˣܸܵůһ¯һڹļ϶վ˼ҵı¯ߣʱӻûлУǻվڱ¯񹴲Ȼ̫󷽣Űǡ
һκҸӡ
¶˹Ķ˶ָ
һСڶ𣺡裡ˣ
û¶˹۾һۣͿһŮˣΧߣмźӡ
Ǻݣȴܾ
һһźŮ˵㵹ڶĽֵˣˣ
Ů˵ĽŲ㱣סˣ˵һ㣬ĽžҪС
ͶˣҲǣҪǺ˾Ҫ
ûбӶ
¶˹ûлعãؿǣ
кŮ˿һԽ˵˸ķ
ŮȻлҫȻǾȵģǾǵˣ˷ܵ˵רŸķӣǸɻ
ɷھĥۺǷۣʱܴǻأ
ȻǾԵǶǸǾܳԵ
˻˸ǡ
ٺ٣ǿֻŮ˺ͺܳԣ˷ֲ
ʱɷһ㡣
¶˹ãʲôˣǹү𣿡
ŮЦǿɲǣүŲǵǵĴ˹¶ˣķӡ
ôõķӣľһ޾Ͳ©ˣݶرʵб¯
¶˹ȴԼֽȫʹ´ʷǳң˵ģ˵ĵطҵӺͺӻڼ
Ůǻ࿴Ǿӻûסôأ
ˣȥĥۣȥĺӶˣҪ̫СӾͲܳȥɻҪǺӲҪһֱţܽŵܸһò
¶˹ץסһ㣬˵ҺӲһ¶࣬ҿԸɺܶ
Ůǣ㶳ˣĶȥӺͺӽӹ
Ů˵Ҫǵãһж˵ģ㲻£ҪϻȥҪûзԡ
ǷָĻҪɡ
㲻ɻǱ˰ǣǿɲС
¶˹ۿˣŴ˸ݣҸɻҿ϶úøɻ
Ůţʮĺȵʪ鲼¶˹֫
ÿ춼ʮҪɽ񣬲ǹõģܹˮ
ӻùʱûе¡ʱһһоȥûһɽϳô죿ҪǱӶоѵĶҧһڣĶ֪ȥ򣿶Ĳ񲻱ˡ
ջҪˮҪƽȻûʲôϴϰߣܵҪпɣ
Ҳ춼ɽôӣԴԺˮˣ¯ˣÿڻ¯Ա˯ܺȿˮů塣
Ͼû̫ů·ˮȽȫǱġ
¶˹ôԺıչţûϣӾͱźӱˡ
ŮǺϸģǻ˼ƤӣѺӰʵʵȵ˷һ򿪣Ƥůģ˯Сͨ졣
¶˹ӾסǷֵ˾¯ԶĴλǿһӤŸŴ
˲죬¶˹Ϳʼɻˡ
һֻ˼ʱϰÿϣ𴲣õĲѺڱϣӶˣͱǰι̣ʱӾܸŮһˮľ񣬻
ȿ쵽ˣǾܵõһݳĶӷŵĺܶ࣬ʱ滹һСöĻǻһΡ
¶˹ӳ˼ٱ֮ˣû̵ʱз̵Ů˰æ
֮󣬺ҲãϾĸ׵ˮܱȱ˵ĶԺӺá
¶˹ʯˣ
¶˹Լĺӣӣҳˣ
ӳЦȥɡ
¶˹Ҫͬɽûֻʯһ㶼۵ˣɽߵĻֻܿɡ
֮ǾͲ˵ˣһ˵ζͱˡ
ǱŲصæȥ¯ţʱǾ˵ϣ˵¡
ǿžΪǣҲԵòôˡ
ɽߡһ˵ҴӶڳģ
Ǿȼˣ𣿣
ˣȻУֻÿֵֻܷһ㡣
һҲܺˣǻԣ
¶˹Ȼ˵ɽԶעһ߶˵ҵߵġ
æ˵ǿɲУȻ쵽ˣûߺܳԺˣأΧزգ궬ֻߵ𡣡
ǰˣû˽Щ¶˹û뵽Ľ
¶˹֣˶Ǹصˣ˵һֱˣҲȥ˹¶ԸǣصŮˣǸѸŮҲкش۸ˣĶˣҲֻ˸ϳȥٻ
ػǰŹһԷʱػǽ˹¶£ǽ˹¶
صŮҲѴĸ߽Ůǡ
ģ¶˹Ҳ룬ʥǵ˹¶öðǲǾ˹¶һҲҵҲԼķӣѺȥ飿Ҫĺʶ֣һҵǳõĹһŮ˽飬ñҸ
ͷһ𣬾Ҳܶˡ
¶˹Ժʶ˵ҪԸǾͺˡ
˵аҺʥԺڣҲֻܰҸѾܺˣǲ֪ȥ֮ǻܲס
϶ԣһ˵ô϶Ǹϳȥ
ſ֮ҵ̶ΣôסһʲôҶһɣĻҪá
ȻҲвĵطЩһ㶼Ҫ
ԽԽˣƽڻ˴֮ҲֻܱҲܳ۵Ҳ٣¼Űĵ̺Ҳȥ
ʥūҲкܶ౻˸˳ȥҪ˼˻Ҫ˰ǵʬҵطǻǻ߶ʱϳȥԼҲߵطȥ
ͷ˺ԽԽ࣬ԴҲøѪȡ
һѾĹͷӳһ˺ȥͷѪ
ҪĸӵҪȥ
Ϊ˹ѩɽ˺ƤƤʳãԽȴԽԽ֫ԽԽݣ²˾ˡ
ʬʱᱻҰ޵ߣʱǱ͵͵Ե
Ұޡ
ҺʥԺҲסˣʥԺһǰѸɱĶϺһ𰾳ɱȽϡĺȻʥԺſڷַ
Ȼ˶ǿ׳кʥ˺˺ֲ
ҿʥԺ֮ҲʼʳȥһʥԺʥԺʳﲻٶƽĶӣȻЩƽ費Ҫ˵
ҷȥʳһԱȥٶֵ㣬Сٷֵ㣬ϾٵҲ޶СһǲǣҲֻüģµܵðɣΪԷһõ㲻ְɣ
󷢵ƽʳʯӡ
ܳԣðʯУҪ񲻺õģҲ׽ֱ̣֪
Ҳʼɷʳˣǿܷ֮źܾãЩô˹¶ĿģкǿֳһЩ׳ɷһֻһмԺõģܼ˺ԷεĺͲɷˡ
Ҳ˺ôʱֻܱѶԷߡ
ڶԷҲ᲻ֻҪعܻ쵽ڳԵģ˺ϰˣ취
̲żζӵжɺޡĻ֪ԷĻʲôʱҲϣܶһ㣬ȶԷʩᣬҲܼһʱ䡣
Ƽˣǿˡ
Թ࣬˶жڻϰߡ
̼ǵСʱүүʲôԣͻΣڴס
˴ûû֣ȻͲ̫ǿǻʶܻᳰЦ꣬ôණԲꡣ
ˣûٱˡС˵
Ŵ֮ǰŵĶɶһ˵֮ǰһ
ͣ˺ԽԽ࣬ˣǰﲻġ
̱Щࣺⲻǰﲻ£ȥɡ
ȡʥ͹壬ֻȡڣⲻǰˣҲģŸзԣΪıʱǸһ˾ʱƷʥԺҵͳΡ
вϾٲ֡
ʥʮˣ֮һū֮һˣʣµ֮һǹв֮һҪʥԺҹϷ֡
ҪȡǴ
Ҫȥ󡣡ϣԿ˹˵Ҫƶ߻ҹܡ
˹أͬġ
ڵһͷöǰﲻȥʳֱԱǸˣܰѹԱְϾϮƣְ֮Ҳܴˡ
һƶ߶ѣֹܲˣô࣬ʥԺԸܣǸɽ
ɫһ԰ɡ
һƶ߶ȲˣҲͲҪȾָȨȨˡ


209 
Ѿ췳͸ˣÿ, ÿǱԹ, Թʥ̫䣬ѩ̫, Թû㹻ľƺܡ
ԱҲڷֻ֪˵ûʳûзƽʳ
ͻȻ, òλϣλӵµ˶, , ŵ˹ܲЩõʬ塣
һڹ¶ĵ·ϣǰʥԺ, й͹Ա̰ȮûƽҲûйҵδ
ֻԼǲˣǲܹˡ
Ե󣬲ϣԼԽӹƶߵʱͬˡ
лŶԼĹȻûа취, Ըȣȥɡ
ϸ˵, ȫʥԺˡ
ѵΪ̹һ죬ǾͲ
ȳߺߵ̨, ˹شԱ߹磬˵£ע塣
ѩ̧ͷ۱סһ̫ʣڲŷ֣ҲôǿıʥԺɱɾҸҵĹԱҵΥȴ;ĹǣҲҵ£Ҫı䣬ҪȰɱɾ
˹˵£һһ⡣
ü
˹أ֮ǰЩĴӣѾܻԾˣֻҪԹһλ
˹زأֻλסԼǵĸֻΪж
˹΢ЦЩɭȻϲȨԼҧҧɾɡ
Ŵ⣬΢˵ȥɡ
˹˷ܵһ
󣺡˹أҪҵΡ
˹ᣬ¡
˹ȥ¶һݵЦ
õ飬ʽƶߣƶߵĹ¸Լһÿÿмˣ궬ÿ˼ˣҪṩԼ
ܼҲҲϾվǿ׳ͣҪд
˿ͳƲ֪ǶǰˣֻһҼҵţͳƣڵ˳һ
ƶߵ˿ֻİٶˣİٶﻹʮӤ׶ǵĸĸ뾡һа취Ǵڡ
̴·֮أ£½ʵഩ·Ҳֻ·úá
ѡһȽůֱȥƶߣȻù°˽г
ƶݵÿˣʮµĺӣֻһԴֻʣͷ֫ǻ̻Ȼسվ£紵ʱǻ̲ס¡
̶˵ǳ̣˹¶ӽ쿪ʼǣһᾡÿ˶ܳԱÿӶܻȥ
ƶЩľЩӵؿ
ǲ
Ҳ⣬
רŸ·̧˼ӣľ򣬷ѩ죬·Ͼʪˡ
Ǵӣһʵ£ɫ£ɾࡣ
ȺȻɧһЩǰ
ħǿʼάǵ·ǰ棬ŭĿЩƶ
ħǱδƶһһ㡣
̽˵Ů˺ͺ·󣬼ӤģһƤ
еֵǰ
̿ڳݲ̫Ľǵ֡ϾѧֲãЩҪӲܸϡ
ȣ
һŮ߳С̬ȱ΢ֿǰС˵Ҽﻹиӡ£ҪһƤ
ŵļͥԱԿ·͵ͷ;͵һ˴ºһƤ
Ů˲ŵı·ƤԼ˻þڿΣΪʲôΣ
תͷҲþȵı鿴
ġ
˹ˣ
ˣҼҲкӣ
Ҽ
ˣӶȣڼû·
һƶֶеˣ˷ֻ㱵ǰ쵽Լͼ˵Ƿ
һҲ쵽֮û뿪
̼˵Щ͸ǵģҪȡꡣ
ƶɵˣֱӹ˵ϡ
ˡûǮҲûʳ
ˣǰɣʲôûС
ˣ
ˣ

᣺Ҳھ͸һҵǹĳͣһֱֻӸңЩ·ƤһֱֻʳƷǣǲҪʳֻҪǮҲԡ
ƶǻ࿴ΪԼΡ
һİС˵ˣǿԣǸʲôԣ
ֻҪһڳԵģԳԼֶ꣬ʲôûеĸоֶŻ£ľ˯žĸоÿ˶ܣҹҹܡ
£ǰˡ
ԼһСǿӹǷۣȻ⣬ҪѵǮĹˣЩ󸾡
Ǿ۲ͣ㵰
Ǿۻᣬ㽹ǲ
ᣬܲ
Ϊ˷ֹƶԼѶ͵ȥҲƶϸĹء
ڴ֮ǰҪԼƶߵƽϽһ޳ģ޽ʱҲʳá
ƶǲ͵ڹ֮ǰ͸ǣ͵֣ҪȥΪƶڹ̹ܣܻԼңֻܳȥˣٴƶ񶼲͵ÿʱÿ̶˿ţҪȥ򣬶Ҫڹ̶ʱڻ
ڽûѡΪտյóŽг档
ƶôһĻǶޣûɶٻ
ÿɷֵһ˰ƴҺĿб
ƶŶ쿨бʱ ʱ
Ů죬õԼı˵ǿԻؼ֮󣬾Ȳĳ˼
ǻһȻһ
ֻҪܻȥԸһ㣬Ҳܰʳȫꡣ
ЩŮ˵ĺѾˣǾֻܰѱԹ⣬ϾҪԶܻҲԶһ㣬һ㣬ܼɻ
˴һýʣľյˮȻѿбŽȥһÿ˶ܻԲ
ڵĺȽľ۾
ʳ˶ӣůˣ»ر𱥣ҲоһҸ
ڶ죬ÿ˶Ϲ
Ҳ쵽˵һ͡Ͷĺܳÿ˶һ룬˿̫ܲܳʱڵŮ˺һ붼ܳţڶǿյģҲö
ʱֵõһͣǺ
¹ÿܵһ鿨б
˶ģзԣܴһʳ
˵죬˵¡


210 
ƶߵڹúҸٸ֮ǰϦ, Բ, ܰҹҸ
ǻʮʱ䣬һǿܵġ
ÿ, ·֮ȥϰࡣ
ЩҪȥĥǷۣĥԽϸԽ, ʯĥֻϴɾʯͷһĥ
, ŮҪϸĹ, 絰Ƶķ롣
򷢵׵˶ΪзִĴ, ŮʮڴһǷ۵ĵס
Щ˲֪ƣ룬ҲۡҲãϾ֮ǰ۵ĻᶼûС
ʽʼϹһĵⱻ͸˳Ĺʹǣٹ͹ȥ
ԭֻб˲ܳԵĵ⣬ڽϲ׼Ұ
ڶĵ⣬һ, Ͱڵ
ΪõСۺͼ˹¶ǡ̵͡, Զ۲ߡ
˹⣬һЩв׼Ҳ
ھڸ𵰸Ͼ, ܽмӼ˻ʵеһȥ̻ǱȽϷĵġ
ȻԼȴúܽţܺ£СʱͱͽǱڳ̳Ϊׯ԰ǰǸӵģÿֻȣɨΪϹϵãߵ˳ǰͣԼĺһѾùˡ
ԼǸ˲˲ţڵ֣һЩ򵥵Ǹ΢ģûʲôõ͡
վůһλˣһλ󸾵Ůͣ˵ԴԹһε󣬾ͲٳˣһҪͲͶԵ⡣
ʵĵ⣬һҪÿС
Ͼ̸߹ǣÿĵ⣬ûľͻᴦȷڶĵʵġ
һΡǮŹͭҺҡвȱǮĹ壬ѡͻŵķһöңÿѶĵ⣬ڹ̶ʱ͵ңһ¡
ֵһȷп֮кĻưûȥĵʰһ¡
ʱ򵰸Ѿźܶ˺ˡ
Ŵһ϶˺Ŷӣ
˺ܶ඼ȥˣ֪Ŷӵ˼в֪ģ˺ӣҲҵͷ
˶źˣŴӳĻά
ߺҪ뼸ˣάҪ£ðҰ˸ϳȥ
˺æˣѡңֻҪԱˣһ
ˣѡң
ѡң
ˣ
˵ҷʱˡ
˲Ϊ£ÿʣµĵⲻ࣬˺ͱĶ࣬죬϶ò⡣
ʱЩ˲²֣ǲ˺ʲôõĻġ
ԼӵʱҲʲô¶ó
һȥѡˣŮˡ
ŮȫǰˡǱūϳģȻͱʵ
¶ôãŮ˶һļ⣬վǿرֵ
˺ˣˣΪʲôҪѡŮˣ
ǣŮܸʲôŮˣ˶Ե⣡
ˣ
ѡˣҿԻˡ
˺ǸˣˣͶˣ˲ܰ߻ˣ
˵˶ûֹŮˡ
ɵˣѸҵԼӪ˺ǿϵļ⣬ٿǵȭͷٿԼϵĹͷãҪҪ
ûѡϣΪݣѴŵʳˣҵ
ǣ֮ǰжٳԶ٣ҵĸ첲ұѡˣ
Ȼûѡϵ˺ǺȻ֣Щոջһ˺ȷʵ׳һЩҲȷʵÿжٳԶ١
ǻȥֻҪԡܱѡ˰ɣ
˼ƣڰǺˡ
Ů˵Ҹ㰲סĵطԺһ٣˰š
ÿ»õʮöͭңҷõĶ͵ðǴӳ
Ĵ֡
æ֤
Ůˡ
أʲôҪʵģ
ŮЩãȻǱ˸ϳԺһֱڳεʼһֱͰѩڿָڳѪˣڿԲݸ
ǵǣѡ뿪ʥǣǵôū֪ôָֻܵǵıܸǣȶҰ⣬Ұҵʳġ
ûһߣΪǾóжãΪߵʱڲݸ
ˣֲ֪ȥĸ򣬾ֻܼʥǣ֪ڷʳԺǾͿбŹ
ǵǿǾʹһõ·Ȼû
ÿ˵嶼ãΪū岻õˣܻģͨļκβǡ
ŮС˵УгԵľСԸ˵ū
Ůæͷ
ɫ˹¶˵ͣûūţͷ˻ǰ˻ǵؾ˹¶ľ񣡲Ҫ˵Ҫū
֪ΪΪ˶£ڶūʹ
˾˵ģȻǶԵģģȻȷġ
ģͱȻаģ˾ָ·ƣ
ŮǸãȻˡ
˺ҲãȻĵط
ĵطʲôģ
徹ȻԸܸ˵ؾЩһ
̫ˣҪǾã˵ؾţͷū䵱ھߣ
˺æ˵˵ĶԣǾͲū
ԶԶԣôʴ
һ㣺ɲ˵ģҵ˵ģҵԣΰǻۣˣˡ
˺۾һ𴵣˵öԣ˹¶Ǹʥˣ
ǵģǵľ
ֵĵͷʾǼ˵
˺Ǿʹһ·̣ʾ⣬̬ȶ˲١
ֻҪżǾһˡ
쵽ƶߣȻù¸ǰŷӣƶߵ˻߻˲ٷӣžŸס޸⡣
˷ֵһķӣŮ˷ֵһСķӣͷ֣úܹƽ
뿪֮ǰ˵ǹһǷʮöͭңȥ񣬻
ʣµĶʮöͭңҪǸµĻ
뿪Ժ󣬲˿Żˣ
֪ôˣǰпڣʲôòģϲˣΪйܼңߵͱܵĺܺãҪʲô
ǣȻ˾ԣ񽻸
һԣṼ˵


211 
ǳѩµһ̸һ, ûǰԤ, ˹ڻ¯ߣֻһ͡
ӵк, ˡ
Ȼ֪ʾھǶٶȣʮ, ڵðԼһ򣬲л
, ƶߵĵ⳧Ҳͣ, ֮ͣǰÿ˶ֵ˶ʮ鿨, ʮԺ޷ϹҲ쵽ÿһġͱ
ʮµСôÿ춼顣
ֵѾûˣ·ݶҲȫǺĻѩûҲû
ǰһҹĻѩֻ˵ĴȣȻ, һҹĻѩ˵ѩ, һ
ƤѥӺͰȣڻѩߣͿ˸ʧȥһ˫ȵĴۡ
İԱ, ¯ȼš
еĳ⿴ȥľţѩƮҲľ
ԽԽˡ̿Ż磬ţߺͣƺԤʾһѩ١
˹غȻ˵Ҫʲôɡ
˹վߵߣľ˷϶ëĴѩӷ϶Ｗůڰѩˮûؾʧȥ͡
УŮǼȵСȡůЩµŮͣŵĶǿ·ȫʭӣʭͺʭǴͷβܡ
ǼٵĽŲߵͺŮǵĺ߳ŭҹøӿ¡
󼱴ٵ߹ȣһصӣͷңЩŹ֣˵ǽʹ໹һڵ˵ɡ
ɷֶӣϵ˹ϵĹˡ
ܿЦǶģҲǶģΪͷʱˡ
ҲǹϷʳ͵ľ̿
ʱûһˣķڷŴССʥ񣬱˷ֵʱʬ廹ơ
ôЦģҵȥˡ
ű̧ϵɷʬ壬۵׸һãȻһֱǵԼʹ޼޸˵ġ
ĻԼֻΪ󣬾ͱǶ˹޸ֶӣֶһ룬ΪֶֻǸ˽ӣûĸ֧֣ҳԱϿͱȻˡ
޸磬ڱΪ½̣ԷΪ̻ʣǸù
Ȼֻ֪ĸǸˣ½̶ԼģʼնڱߣЦǣʱʥԺûгô򣬵һ㣬һЩܻʥԺ
޴ǣȻûǰһι
֪ĸŵʱԼߵ˽ӽΣĴֶŮǸһҰĲˣʱ᷸
һֶӣǽĸƨ棬ҲǣһȨ͵ŮˣǸСŮʱͰѵ̳ܵܽһֻɵӡ
ֶŮҲû뵽ǹֶơ
ֻߵڣֶŮѾˡ
ߵߣͷӸµĿԼɷ
Ǹ𣿲ǣһûзκεϵĴʥԺҲûж࿴ŮһۣܣΪһ˵ûȱ㡣
ǸҲǣΪ֮ʥԺõ˸ȨߵĵλѹסȨԲȣҲںƽΣֻںû棬ǹܾ
Ҹط˰ɡԼô˵͵š
ѹ絽Լ˶ֻܸʱܹɷѶ
ֿɷһۣųģܵˣӴԺҲǰˡ
ѩҹעǲƽġ
˶˯ȥҹž޴ĺ졣
˯ȥ˱ѣ߳ţǴ򿪴ܿԱߵھӻǽֶھӼұѩѹˡ
ҽڽֵ͵ƺ򱻵ȼҹ˹
˯бѹ˱ݺʹѩ񣬶ǿӹһٵҲڷвҽС
Щ˱ʯľѹסȣܿ챻彩ӲҲûѶˡ
ô£
ӱѩѹˣ찡ǵݶ
죡ݶ
˰Ⱦǣ
죡ʱˣѵǼҲѹ𣿴ҵó
Ⱦңҵȱѹסˣ
˷źҹ
Ҳ·˽֣ùûг¡Ͼùõʯͷݶõʯмľ壬ҪѹҲûôס
Ǹӣ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ߵ˶ºƤѥǵҲܺãϾ춼ܳԱÿ컹ʹĳһ⡣
ȥˡ̶ͺ˵
ߺ󣬳ֶԿ˹˵ðʿǽˡ
ֻֻʿܴģľˣһҪ죬ȵϣ˼ڻţʱҲӦñӲˡ
ʿڶھʥǲԶĳһʿһǧˣڽ̹ٵĴռСǡ
Ю˹ԱļˣλڻʥǵĹ֪ԼѾûˡ
̵õϢԺҲֻǾܵάֳʥǹȥûϵе˲š
Ϲܼˣһܴ󣬵ͬʱЩøԶǸϣȨ͵зãǵһʺҲԸȥһСзչžʱްɡ
Ͼڻûȫɵ⽨ƣ⽨ģ¿ƾٵ״ԪҲһ죬ȥԺԺ׫ҲǸƷй֮
Ǻֲڸ󣬵궼״ԪܽڸҲû̫࣬Ǹ״Ԫܽ
ڹԱ͸ͬˣԱޣȷʵʵ£ڱڵĳȽϹôǨǱȽ׵ġ
ھͲһˣûȶΪԱҪǨȫһ仰Ҳûгɼûгɼ˵ԣͿԡ
ȻΪʲôҪ̤ʵأʵʵأµô࣬Ҳûмȥ˵ġ
ȻʱԱװƷɰһЩװƷܱ۵ĺá
˹أħһš
ҡҡͷλᣬͲ֪ʲôʱǹˡ
˹أһˣȰĽ
˹뿪֮ħǿʼˣӵеĹҲ࣬ǾǰҲ˵ˣҪȱ֤ԼİȫʵھȲ˵˾ͲҪ˷ʱ䣬ȥȸ׾ȵˡ
̣ܲ̾ԼС˵ӰӾӦǸ󡪡ϾΰǣӦΣ£סÿ˵ʵھȲ˵ҲǵǸˣܱ
վѩɡ
µѩڲ֪ƣ£ҹò˼顣


212 
ħ˵ٶȺܿ죬ǵ, ǿ, 󣬱ϾԨºͻӵĵط׳ɳ, ˡ
Ȼħǳó󣬵ǰһһƽӷȳ, Ȼȥˣƽ, Ǿǳªߣ
ħ, ȥԼĲ͸ħһȥˡ
ԼΪħԮš, ԭľս־ŵǣ
Ͼڻھǡ
ƽģȶ֮һЩȥԼھӵķһЩʼȥԮ
γԱȵǣֱΪֹҺʥԺûκж
ҲܹҺʥԺ, Ͼôѩ궼ѵһ, ҪʱۣȻٷ乤
ǰǵ꣬ȾԮ˱ɳȥ, ƻŵĶˡ
һЩұѹʥۼʥԺſڡǵĲƲˣҪڷѩĵطҪһһů͵·ûôһ¯һůҲԡ
ʥԺûпš
Ϊ̫ˣʵ̫ˣóʥԺɸɵ
ʥԺھ֮˳ȥЩʥȴûǽʥԺ
֮෴ǣƽߴ˴š
ֻҪ·ﱻѹˣܽȥ¯ߣһ˶ӵ
̾סùҲ˴ţùݵĴɲˣЩѾɪɪҪʧȥжˣȥ֮ٻ̸ֻ
Ҳ˳ʥԺҡ
ǵľȻ˹¶ˣʥԺҶӶ
ЩƽܹģȻǸĸߵȽǶʶ֣֪һЩԼ˼롣
̫ЦˣǰȻΪҺʥԺôĥѡ
ѵΪǵ˽СʱҸ˵Ƕ˹ĺùĹ񣡡
Ը˹¶ǣҲҺʥԺܣܸʲôҪǮʱ˵ĶҪʱǾӰӶûС
˵˹¶׾ҵֵǮ˵ûࡣ
˵˹¶ܶóԵģ黹˰
ֵҲ˰أ¿ѵأ궼˰
Ҫ˹¶ʥǣǿ϶ٽܶ˰
ԣڸʲôҪ˰ӶҪ˰
ʥǵ˰ȷʵе˰ĵطֻҪнףҪ˰ͷ˰Ҳٲˣ̳ŲҲҪ˰ֻ֮ҪţֻҪҪĶҪһֱ˰Ų˰ʱܱŲҪ࣬ԺֻܱܶȷĸµŲ
ЩᶨˣҺʥԺ΢ʣֻǰ˵ѡ
ڴҶôң˶壬Ҳû
ùݵǺܿ
һЩκͶӡ
Ƿֵ֮󣬺ȽžԼ˹ֽŲոôˡ
˻ָ˾񣬾ȻȥվһߵͣǶǴ˹¶𣿡
Ҳܺ죬Це˵ǵģǸ˴˹¶
˹¶Ĳ˰𣿡
ҡҡͷҪգֻվӪ˰˵ĻƽʱûʲôҪ˰ĵط
ƽ˰Ҳֻǽ˰Ϊ˹¶ƽԼĹڹǹᣬҪǽ˰
Ǻʵÿ꽻˰Ҫ٣
ͣöͽĶ࣬Ҫһһǧͭ£ǲý˰ġ
һǧͭңƽˡ
˹¶ôǮǣʥǣÿҲһǧǧöͭңöҵӡ
Ҫ˰ʵԶֹöңľ˰ɼ˺ܶ˰һҲˮöͭҡ
֧ͥȫļҲ
Щ˵ʵ˹¶˰˲٣ܶһ궼öҡ
˹¶ȱͶֻҪֺýžǮԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽߣϾ˱ˣͶȴֻЩ
Ǿֶۣƽкô£̻ǲֵģ˹¶˸ŮҲʼˡϾǮá
ǿľ̿һһŮˣһ궼öҡ
˰ҲߣһǧöͭҪʮö˰
ǷֵģöϣһǧöͭҾҪʮö
ʮöϣһǧöһö
Խ٣Խ٣Խ࣬Խࡣ
ǶǮ˵˰ղأν
ٵ˵Ǿ͸ˣý˰
ƽЩ㱣Ȼʳ˸˹¶£˹¶ĵ·ʯ̵ģˮ࣬Χˮ·
˹¶Ӻӵĳʡٵ·ƽ˳ٶܸȡ
˹¶ѧУʥԺģʥԺְԱԸøСֶĻᣬЩСɼõģʶֶģҲܳΪʦ
˹¶ĺӣʮµĶѧѧУṩһ͡
ʥԺԣѧУͰǣ
԰ŵĻѧУӦñԿ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷȻᣬѧУǮֱӴﲦģǽ˰Щ˰ǮһƳеĽ裬һڶԺǵĽϡ
˹¶ĿˣЩ岻õвмˣṩĹÿ»쵽ӡ
ƽǼʣȥ˹¶أ
ͣǵÿ·гס׼˹¶仧ˡ
·Ļ˹¶ֻһεǼǣһľƣҪʳҪסùݣҪľƣڲڵĻû̵ԸӴˡ
гסĻҪһݳס֤
仧ҲѣֻҪ˹¶·ӣȥ¼ͺˡ
ƽǾ˹¶棬Խ࣬ԽǶ˹¶档
Ĳ˰𣿡
ʥǣҪܴһ˰
ͣ˰ǼǾˣʱ˻ڵ붼Ҫƽ֡
ƽ۷׷ףŮ˵ܺãͲŮѸˡ
ͣ
ǰǰֻ֪һ취
ԭƽǣŮֱȽϳŮģŮɷŹŰ֮ǲŮ飬Ҫ˰òƲ
ǻֱݣ취Ůʧ١ȻŮͻΪǮѸ
жӵ˵ãŮĸĸͲɱǶˡ
һֱҶҪȢ˲õӣ벻˻ô졣
ͣ
Ȼʥǵ˻档
ʥǵ˵ǺܴģٱطƽӴöࡣ
ƽʱ˵ȿҾȥ˹¶
Ҳȥʱһȥ
ʥǴˣҪȥ˹¶һöң
ҲǣҪһöͭҵ˰
ȥһһȡ
ʲôȣҼҵǮҪùˣҪһҲֻܰȥƶˡ
ʱȻ˵ʵҲðᡣ
˿
ֵıʾˣʥǻǺȤġ
ֹȤֱΪС


213 
ҹûйȥ峿ңԶԶҲﲻˡ
ʧȥĸĺ, ʧȥӵĸĸ, ʧȥԼļңѹĲһ, ǵ֮
ЩƲѹ˾ûˡ
˽⣬ʥǵƽ˵, ֵǮķǺܶҾ߻ʳʳĸױѹ, ʳѩˮʪ, Ǿʧȥ˻ʱ
Ȼ֮ǾˣҲкܶʧ, Աߵ˵ʲô
̿ʥԺڵķֱ˻
ˣ
̿ǵķ
ʥʿٶȣˡ
ʿѵأ˵˹¶ѧҪĶһǼɺͷӡ
˹Ҳ̴˺ܳʱ䣬ƥԸ, ܶҲܺʤ, Ըⱻǰ档
ʿĵƽɧ
˵ʿǲӦôסʵôס
ʵʥǣѽǰѧʷ֪峯ʱ, ˣֱӴϽǣȥ֮ű˷֡
رħã˵֦ӾõľǶʷ
ʱҲУʹżСҼҴų򿪣ӭ췴ĸо
ʥǵǰƽȥ͵޼ҿɹȥס
λ֮Źܵһ㣬סźܶ˺زأ˾ȥ͵˵Ķԡ
ʿֱȥˣ̹Ǹſ˹˳ǰ
̹ٳ̼ǵ֡ԼǸˣ˵ʲôرӡĻرᡣ
ÿΰ˹صᣬͰ
һɺݾǺأܸѾ˼йأмҵˣǻʶĿԼļˣ̫Ϊ
Լһ̵̣ϥأˡ
̣ɣѩ󣬱ϥǡ
Լվ㱨һֱֵǴڿʥǵɽϣԼľݣҪʲôò˹͹һˣÿڡ
˹ǸֱӰռһСǵš
ɽϵԼǲȱʵģܳԱǽɢʱÿĽ̹ٶһЩͿ硣
أ¿磬⿿Ƕܳȥ
ΪǲôĸϹ
Цļ򣺡ɵúá
ԼˣŴͦñֱ
ʿѸٿʼάΰɢԱ߿֡ˣȻһЩȥþȳˡ
ħȣǵжӹ淶Ϊ˶࣬ϸ˾ְִҲǿ
ģľԮʼˣʿǲûʲôϻǰ˾ȳȻ󽻸ӦˣȻЩ˻ᱻ쵽ʱõķЩӶǱȽƽķӣҲûʲôƲ̽˸һЩǮǾ͸ھӻݼһ
ҲûиѣĵطһѾܺˡ
û˷ӣû˼ңԺô죬û˸ȥ롣
˾ǣǣѾζĺˡ
ԽԽֵԼʥԺ궼ʥԺǮϹǮһ״ˣĴʥԺţʥԺţǽȥ
ڣǿҪιȥʱ̲סˣţҪǮʱ˵ʥ鱣ǣǾҪʥԺıӣҪѣҪ·Ҫ
ҵĺѾˣ
ţŴ򿪣
ҲϵȰҪʥ飬ήֶġ
ڻֶ𣿣ǾôǮΪʲôѩѹҵķӣûѹھӵģھӶһʥ񣡡
˵ֻʥķӱѹ塭
ǰھҲʥķҲûп壡
ǻ˶ԣȻҵ࣬Ǹӷŭˣǻ𣿡
ҪϲУ˵˵
Ŵ򿪣
ǿʼײˡ
ڵʥʦʥ̺ʥʹǶ֪ô죬ǲǲ뿪ţҲǲɷʳҲûʳˣڸոգȥ֣ǵʱ򣬲ŷֲ֪ʲôʱһ𣬾Ȼһֱû˷֣ʳյһɶ
ʥԺʳֻԼԣһܳԵ
ʥԺԭ˵ǽǿԸṩͺ
ڣͺҲṩˣ͸һչˮ
û˸ϳȥˮ
ڡô죿һʥʦɫҰס
¸˹ȴ˵ô죿ûʳ𣿸οǴʥԺ£֮ǰҲṩ˺ȴ֪жǶ̰ˣѵǿչÿ˵̰𣿡
κ޵Ļȴ׵˵ְԱǡ
ǰƽ̫̰ѾĶˣƽȴҪ࣬ǵĴ
ûд
Ұο£Ǻù࣬ĬĬ뿪ط˯
һǰҲûйڶ𴲣ԭӡ
ƽʼײţʥԺĴȻľƵģɺܴҲء
ûκιߣֻűĴš
ƽǵĻȥ֮󣬾Ϳʼֻţ£ڲżȥͶݡϾʥ˵ûʲôʥԺֵεĵطˣˣʥԺʥҲᱣǡ
һƽͶȥˡ
һƽʥûݣãȻؿű˴ˣ֪õȥֻʥԺſڣߵ˽ţûôˡ
ɹЮѩķô䣬ɪɪĻ䡣
ʱȻ˵һ𱻾ȳˣˣǿ϶ȥĵط
Щˡ
Ҳ񣬿ǲǱߵЩûǿǿ׳
Ҳ˵ҪǮһ¾Ͱѹϵ̧ˡ
ǡ˹¶ʿ
Ҽǵã˹¶ľӣǰһֱΪǼٵģҾã˵ġ
Щʿ͸һ
ǣǹȥ
ҪǰץߣǸǮأ
бڸǴһҹ϶ûˣҪǮܱá
˻࿴ӶԷ￴˶Է˼
ǻվԼļˣŻھֵĵطȥ
̿ʿǾˣҲվѩ˳ͰԼ·ָСĺӺӤ¹ŮźӣôѺӱڻ¿ůˡ
ûôˡΪ˾͸óԿ࣬վһ쵼ߵĽǶ֪Ů˸Ҫ
ŮӣһŮһһӣ߰˸УһˣֻһˣһŮˣһŮˡ
ڵŮܴһҪ
ԹѸԶûļޡ
̾ԼѪΪ¶ܿŮ⡣
οԼ˵һЩǴ˵ĽǶȿǣҲӦչŮ˺С
һЩǰʥԺˣȥЩߵʿʿͰһˣõ˷
ûб¯лѣһȦȦΧŻѣڵĴֻһ죬Ϊûб¯̴ѣӵ̱Ƚϴ󣬵Ҳûȥ
Ҫͨ硣
̧ͷߡ
죬Ӧÿˡ


214 
ʱ ǲڿһƬǽ壬 ѹ֮ һҹѩܶ෿ݲкֻʣһݶһŵӡ
˿ʼ£ ˿ʼ ѹֵĳ
ҵʥԺҲˡ
ǲûܵõƽǵĻӭƽǶһİģԹ޵ǡ
ûг̣ƽ񲻻̬ȣ ǰֵܿʱҺʥԺܣ ҲʲôֻΪԼ
ڣھһҹľԮ֮ ǵ̬ͱˡ
˹¶ˣأ
Щʿһ϶ѩ ˫ȱѩţ أ
䣬ʱǲڣǳʲôã
һʥҪȥһŮˣ ȴȻһѩС
ѩ˶Ⱥкʲôڸʲô
һһưˮý͹Ƿ׷ŭӦ
ǿĶ
豻ѹסȣ ҪѩʱĶ


ʥ̴ûбԴ ŭ죬 λˣˣΪԼƽˣ֮ϣݲñ˴ڲԵŭЩѵʥԺûи׼𣿾ΪûǽʥԺ̰̰Ϊһкô쾭壡
仰һڣҲջȥˡ
ƽǷˣƨʲôмм˷ֵˣ
̰ÿʥԺǮȥһʥԺ˵ϵʥ̰̰
ʥԺǵǮȴǿʱ򶼲֣
Ⱥ˺ֻƭǵǮǻŵʱ򶼲ǣ˾Ͳˣƭӣȫƭӣ
ƭӣ
ɱ

ŭǳʥȥʥŵæתܣˤ˸ʺǣĽˡ
ʥֵ̾ĻͷͫﵹӳһȺƽƽ˵ϣʥ̷ҵļС
ȺɢǻָǣʥѾһʬ塣
ǿʼڣʼ£ʼжΡ
ģûҿˣϺ˶֡
㶯֣ң
ȺСôѵʥԺܰȫɱ𣿡
ǣʥĻ飬һܲ
ʱ򣬳̺Ȼ߳ߵǰϵıƽɨһȦĿⴥ˶ͷ
̣֪ǲǹģֻ̫ˡ
ƽæͣԣֻ̫ˡ
ǵģҲǹģֻһѵûҲɱ˵ģ

̣ʥԺˣҵûмʱϵǣǵĸĸˣΪһʬ塣
ƽǻһת԰ΪʲôҪڣʲôµģʥԺȺǣ
ʥԺǽȥҲ£ʥԺĴ
ʥԺĴû
ޱĿЩˣǿɺޣҲǿЦǾͨˣ˵Ӱ
ɱʥ̡˵Ҫ˱ӻҽȥ
𣿡
ϲʥ񡣡
Ϊʲôϲʥѵǲƾʲôϲ
ǵ£ΪʲôҪǣǣֻúǮʳڼҵļ˶ܳԱ
˵һ仰ˡ
ƽﲻ֪˭һɤӣʥԺҶǣֻ˹¶ڹǣ
ԣǸ϶ǣ
ȥ
ƽ˦ʥ̵ʬ壬ҲûٿһۣǸڳ̵ƨɺͷҪùȥûзӣûмˣҪһڷ絲ѩ֮
̻صףڱ¯ߣһ
õĻᣬһҪסϾȥƽŵȻƽǻΪǸˣҪ
ƽǹҪǣƽǾˣʱٳȥõġ
ƽվù⣬ǲʥԺſʮ㻹Ҫײš
ΪǺôʥԺǮλ˹¶Ǻ޹ϵҲûдõһô
ڵƽҲ͸Ϊƽʲôǡǡ෴һʲô£ƽźӣɱˣǾǸˡ
Ϊ̲ǱˣûùƽĺôƽҲûٵ
ںеһЩûס
˹¶ô죿
ʥԺҲǵģոʥ˵Ļ˰ɣ˵̰ˣôǮ˵·ǿǸǮܴϵġ
ҡ𣿡
ʲôʲô㲻֪ǲŲǣƽ𣿡
ƽԽȣԽûеףãȻĿű˴ˣ˹¶һݣ뿪ȥ˭ǶʥԺûݿͶˡ
еݿͶûǮȥݼңݻԸ
Ǵ֮󣬳߳ùݵĴš
ƽǴʱѾĻ䣬û뵽̻ٳ
˵Ĳǳ̣
վڳһĵطƽ񺰵޼ҿɹģ˻ǰסĵطҲֻסĵطסӣܵģھͿˣµĻ˴ߣҲǰŻɣɻзԵģҲˡ
˵֮ͣһƽӦ
һߵƽûС·ģҲڡ
µģԸ˻ˣǲǣ
ƽæǡ
Լ˼仰˿ûչǣֻǿǿǣԼҪ
Ҳûֹô˵ȸ˵Ļ˵ˣ뿪
֮ǰӣڳǱϣ͸רž˵Ĵһȫķӣʧޣ֮ûסˣϾ𣬸˭õķӣ̿Ľ飬׾ٵõͼ˷ӡ
ЩӶ㣬һ¥кܶС䣬Ǹסģ¥Ǹסģһסʮ˶ֹ
¥Ǹ¥ʰһҲס߰˸ˡ
һ׷ϰˣһĻռ䡣
ҲǼɹģƶĵط˲ӵĶҲˣȻǾɣݻˡ
׷ӣˣһЩֵ֮ǰƶߣҲԸ뿪ƶˡ
ЩڶʥǵĻôڵһǧٶˡ
࣬ʵѾܶˣΪЩǡʾǡˡ˿ġ
ƽչʾʥԺҲܵˣ˹¶ܣֻҪ˹¶ͻǺô
ô϶۸
ֻҪ˾ۼߣ򱳣ܾһС
ҵʥԺְԱΪıǽΪ˵ġˡ


215 
ֵƽסĵط ˹ɽϿ ĥۣǺô¸ɡ
¸ɣ зԣľͰ
ʥ˵̲ʥԺ ͹ǵĹϵҲԸΪ˹¶˴Ļֺ һʱ֮䣬 ̷ͷ
Ҳѩֺĵõһ֮Ϣ
ʥԺˡ
ԭ;ʹˣֲã ʲôʱ˾⡣
ҪǣʥԺȺף ʥʦȻûгɳһ档
ΪʥԺ ʥʥԺᣬΪʥԺ ƺ֮ǰʥԺǾ֮Ҳûʲô
ǻΪһʱŶƻʥԺֳû£˲ˡ
ʥԺõĺôٵΣȾͲʲôˡ
ûʥԺطʥԺ᲻һ£Ҫǣ ûһʥԺ
ʥʦô˭أһ˵ʥԺŵʱԼüߣ дУ ֻбǰһʥԺϿɣ һʥԺű֤йͨʥ
Щƽʱʥʦʼ뷨֧֡
ǲѰڲ֧ߣҪѰⲿ֧ߡ
ȻֻҪˣֻҪ̰ҰģνʥʥԺҲԶۼ
Ȼʥʦ˳̵š
̽ȣѾ˿ɣһƽ񰮴⣬Ҫ½½һЩ̵ʿڳµıһǧࡣ
ʥԺңұǾȻԳ̴ıΪ
ϳ̴ʿƱҪѳ̵ıϳȥٰѳץ
ӣûһȶ֣οǻϣǣһ
˵ĵ˾ѣǶΪ̵ĵǶԷ
ֻ֪ܵʣҲҪһҧ̴ʿ
֮ҧܸԷʵĻᡣ
Ƕӳ̵õ˺ôƽƣԼǣ㹻ǳڻ۵ĲƸ
ǲȥʲôʱΥ
ܸλôǻһӣϾ̸ǵĺôʵʵģܸʲôأ
Ҳƶ󲻸Ҹǵľλ
̵ġԵʽзҪá
ʥԺˡڳǰ
ʥʦܲ۵һ֮ǰ֪֡
۵ˣȴŨصҰġ
̺˿ˮֲʥʦ
ų̵۾ҳΪʥԺҷģҵȨʥһϯ֮ء
ЦһܸҵĶڲѾӵɲг⡣
룬ܿ˵һһʥʦλӣ̳ʥԺλӡ
԰˵ջˡ
üʥԺм֧㣿
ҧ˴ҧгݵ˵ǶϣƻˣΪϣ󡣡
ϣʥʦ֮ףʥʥԺʱʥԺ֧˶
̡ŶһȻû̫ȤȻˣΪʲôϣأϣӦҲϣΪʥԺɣ
ᣡǸɵӣ֪ʲôˣѡңһ࣬˸Ҷܸ㡣
Цֻܸһʥʦλӡ
ͷ޾ܾĳ̣Ϊ޲Ը޵·ϣ
̷ˮ̾˿ɣҸһ֤ҵİ³ΪʥԺ
Ѹ̧ͷų̵Ŀð⡣
̣ʥԺϣڹܶ԰ɣ
ͷݵǸɵӣ
΢Ц˵ȻˣҪȰʲôȳŸ˼ĸ㣬أֻҪгŴϣٱƳ磬Ҳ
ǡ
̣֪㵣ĳҲλüѣŶĻʲôʸΪʥԺ
ظɫǺ죺ҿԣ
ùһۣҼǵڵʱͯʬʥԺ¥˵֪ϣͯô
Ȼü
̣Ҫ˶֪
ҧ˵Ҳ
̵һ˿ĺ񣬵ǿѹָо˵Ͳֽܶ𣿻ôҪԼҲΪȥ
̿۾ɲǰңǰԼҸ⣬ֻҪϣ֮һġ
һƽͻá
ҡҡͷƽ֣ᷢϣһôӣͼˣչ¶һУ֤ʥԺøõ㣬ǸôֱֵŵʥԺ
ʥԺһɥʧȫǡ
һֱȺۣһܻصʥǣֻΪһʥԺûҵʵˡ
ǰʥԺҲԼ˭κ˲
ȻϣԣΪʲôУ
л㱵ػʥԺûлԼķ䣬ǵȵҹһȥʥԺ¥һСʥͯǶ
ŵĿţСһƬڣֻо¹ܿＸŴЩڼﱻĸųŵĺӣֻһΪνġʥͯ
ߵߣϲӣ⺢еСʱ
ҲôСʱ򱻸ĸģҲһƯ
Ե⺢ӿ޺ҵʱڿԼĸоǸо
ʥ̰⺢ӴԼķ䡣
Ҫ
Ŵ
ߵĻָԼ
ҪͰɡ
ҡ˼ӣǾֵĿҴ󺰴СǱܶΣʥԺﲻܷҪ򣬾Ҫӡ
ߣҴǳȥ¶һͰЦݡ
ǻǺܽţǼ̫ࡰͰĴˡ
ɣҲẦǡ
ֻ⼸ӳȥͿˣֻ⼸⼸û
ǿ˿˯ԱߵС顣
иĵģûй˰˯ŵĻ顣
۾Сܾ裬ҲԼġ򡱣ǱѵģͲҪ˵
һʼǼסҹﱻߵͬģͬûǾ֤ͬˣҪʱ̼ţԺҪͬĸĸ
Ȼ˰ҪǼߡ
ǲҷǸŰȥˡ
ȽŲԶѵккӣ˸ƣӴЬȻŸոŲĵطȥ
һ˵Žţûзһ㶯
ذľƵģ˵еʥԺʯͷʮְ
ʥԺĺűˣ
ϾҪſˣ
кսĲ͵Ѳ͵ò͵ˡ
Ųתͷʱ򣬿ľһĺ⡣
뵱ޱƵģĺͯ
ȥɣ


216 
峿ܿ챻ˡ
ʥԺܳʮʥͯ ЩҵԼңЩȴԼĸĸѾˡ
ˣ ʥԺĿ ڱ֪
ƽǶţ ǻͽǮʥԺ һۻ֯
̿ڽͷ޵ƽ ЩڿЩŭЩ˻ڿܲԸʥԺһط
Ⱥ׵ʥԺòеİ취Լס
ڰ¸˹ݽ֮󣬰¸˹һȵùˡ
峿վʥԺ̨£˺ʥԺһƤ
ƽǶɵˡ
ûʲôһʥʦĻ˵ˡ
¸˹ĸĸ ͺʥԺĸĸһΪӿɴ˳ΪʥĺӣȻĻؼˡ
ҳȥӡ
񶼲֪֪֪ҸѾˡ¸˹˵⻰ʱ۵׺ƽ ܾ֪ˣ ҲֻΪҸȥʥ߰ɡ
ȻԼ ôʥʦʥԺķȥġ
¸˹Цʥϴ˵꣬˭𣿡
ƽסԼĶ䡣
ǶͺӽʥԺˣ Ǹ ԼһְѺͽʥԺ
壬 Сط˯˱а ˯Ҳʮµĺӡ
οʥԺƽ㲻ʶ֣Ҳûмʶˡ
ʥԺˡ
һʱ䣬ʥԺְԱҪ߹ˡ
ǹʥԺţʥԺſ󣬻ÿҹ
ΪʥְԱܲġ衱
λһصԼôĵط˵Ԩһʹࡣ
Ǳң뿪ʥǣȥеʥԺ
ǴʥʥԺģݸ߹Ʒ¸еְԱ
¸˹Ҳˣų·ʣһ̤ǰ˹¶·
˳̣׼˹¶ԺֱȥҮڰҮһأԺԼֵع
Ҳŵ˰֮꣬˰
ƽǴһʼ𾪣ţʹޣٵľֻһʱ䡣
ְԱˣʥʦȴ߲ˣ˰¸˹õ˳̵ıӻɹ뿪ʥԺ֮ʣµʥʦʩԽ̡
ȫ˹̡
̵һ죬ҲȥˣͿ˹վ̨£ҹĸ̨ϣʥʦǱһǱס죬۾ˮ;
ЩлдŶʥԺ𾴣ʥʦľηƽվ̨£һƬ
Ǳ¸̨ڽ̼µʱƽǵıԽԽ
ⲻʮʥʦ
ƽǵˡ
ûʥ飬û˻ǡ
ǽһʹķ
ſ˹ص֣ͷ˵߰ɡ
˹أ£
ҡҡͷǡ
ֻǵĿ̫ңݡ
ǵûŸǽһµġ
ʱ䣬ִȨҸһʱ䣬ھԼȨˣȻʲôǽǺõģʥʥԺˣʥǣûĿŵĸ̨ˣʥʥԺĵ£Լ;ȥЩʥԺͳµˡ
Ҫոʧˣ
Լ˹˵Щȥأ
˹أɹĶӹȥô֮ǰһоҪǰˡ
Լָף
Ϊ֪һ⡣
ЩоλĶӣֻûأԼҲá
Ҫɳȥ
˹˵£һһ취
󣺡˵
ԽԽ벻˹ˡ
˹΢Цǵĸȥ
ЩӾˣӦòȥոУôĺӾҪԭĳ
һ壬ͷ򣬾ܵԸӸ磬ô𣿡
ʱֻͬҲٸֵ꣬ǽ
˹أ£Ϊ£ѾԶˣѾܿȨλϵʱˡ
ĺȻü
ΣһӴΣû뵽λʵֵô졣
˱۾ٴд˼ᶨתͷ˹ЦЦ˹أܺá
˹ذڵϣΪ¾ңҵҡ
¡ӻ֣ü˹˳ȥ
ߵ̨ǿգôϣĸ磬ĸ׶ţſʲô
ɷ򡭡
΢Ц
УңҪˡ
̶ܵļƺǱͷԣȻץЩʥԺʥ
֪ʲôֻÿֵĹʡ
µȻ֪һĺûᡣ
û󰸣Щ˱ץ֮ѸٵıʩԽ̡
Ǳ̱ӻƽû⵽֡
йץҲֻϢġ
ץʥ⣬ǶѰˣͬҲܶԷģǱץūץס֮Ҳһ
ϲ
ǱʥԺѹȾˣ֮ĵһ£Ҫһҵ档
Щҿ˶ɱˣȻһˣˣɱӺ
ֶα֮⣬ƺҲ⡣
ΪһͲܱ⣬Ҳܱԭˡ
ƽǹƽʲô
ɱӺҲɱ
ɱʥʦ֮ҲֻץְԱƽǰķԸľȥʥ顣̾˿ֻͷƽŻ
̣ôһ㣬òеŽ
˹ЦЦôԼûô㵹кܴĺô
ûзͷԭΪҪøʱ䣬ڿͿˡ
Ǻܺġ̱ס˹ص˹صĿǳܸǸȨ֮Ǿ͸ԸҵĻΪܸǺ;ơ
˹أɵԽ࣬Խ
ֻ̣е㵣ģԺĹԱҲһִ̰ô죿
˹أǾɱˡ
̧ͷſ˹ء
˹صͷס̵Ĵڳ̵ĶС˵֪󲻻ɱǡ
޿֡
˹ҧһ³̵Ķ䣺㲻һ᲻ɱ𣿡
һˣܻһ֣Զȱ뵱Ϊͳߵˡ
Ҫģֻͷ
̵ͷ˵ʱһֱڵġ
˹أʲô
̹˵ҵұˣġ
ҵİ뿪ҡ
û׼óΪ¼ҹˣҲԶΪ¼ҹˡ
˹̵̧°ͣų̵۾˵ôأ
ַڳ̵ĺԣ֪ʲô𣿡
Щţ˹Ѿܾû˵ôĻˣĶ˵㣬̫˼ʣʲô
˹ҧס̵´ҰĲӡ


217 
𽥱ů ڲѩˣʥǵƽȹһҵĶ졣
ʥԺıȻץץʥΪԱ˸ʥʥǽǮĿߣòǮ һʩԽ̡
ʥΣ ϵԽԽ٣ԸڼҲϽ֡
ʥ񣬸Ͳ飬 ץ֮
½뿪ʥǣ ǵõ ˳µȥʥԺء
Թ˵ⲻǼ£شˣ ܵõ룬иƽҪ˰ǣ Ȼǰ
ԽԽѰ̵ıӻҲʥ˸ķӡ
ȴһֱû
֪ ԼǼ˹Ϊ
˹غóȨҷԴ Խз Գ̾Խá
ڱѡ̴û
Ȳ˵ħʣ ˵˹ˣܵõʲôأ಻ǳΪһ購Ը⵱СŮ˵ˡ
˹صҰĴĳ̶Щˡ
ΪҰĴ󣬳̲
ȣӾˣδôɹŵʱûôɹ
ԺʣµľˣԱǲ壬Ƕһֱ١
û˷ҲûľھԼΪҵˡ
˹ػΪ˼ӣ⼸ӱǱмģʶҲ£ֻ֪ôֺˣҳӢĽ׳
ûзյ˼˹صĺ⡪߿ɴû뵽Ǹֱ׳ŮˣԴҪ
ֻм˹뵽ˣ뵽֮󣬾Ͱ͵͵ǰ
˹¶ʥǴĹˡϡ
˹Ц˵ڰ𣿵£ʥԺ˹¶ʱٰ˹¶ûɾˡ
󣺡Ǿɱ
Ӧ˹ʿùҲˣ֡
ȥӲӲǿԣûҪ
˹ҲȰЩ˹¶ˣΪʥǣ񡣡
ɭ󹫵ĶӲͱ˹¶ȥ˹¶
һɭ
˹Ц˵һֱḶ́ܽ˹¶Ǻܺã˹¶Ҳ
ͷȥɡ
˹¶ָڷֵ˵㣬ʥǡ
˹Цӯӯ£ˡ
˻֡
˹߳ķ䣬;ͺſڡ
˹͵ļ򣬳ԷЦºϲ㣬ú÷̵¡
͵ĺ
Щ;ȡֵġ˹Ҳûз£ǣΪ˵
˻˵ʲô
ֻҪԣ˾ͻó˹ֻɱ
ǣ˶Գһ
Ҫɰĳƽȵİˡ
߽ķ䣬˹Ǵȣ̨ףصԼķ䡣
ص֮󣬼˹Լ·ֻһȹӰ£ÿ͵ķ䣬ʱŮ͵ġ
λŮ͡
˹ҲνԷֻùϵԷʱҪ壬ҲҪԷݣҲһѡ
ֻǶԷ⣬ġ
Ů͸ͳԵģҲ޷ΪĽˣѾܾˡ
˹سŨ̾˿
ЩʳﵱȻǳЩû˸ұЩʳ˹¶ʱ򣬽ͷСء
˹¶ӡľǿͼ弦⡣
ǵðȻѼõɣȻκϣüͻ߶壬ļִ࣬һ㶼
ʱ򻹻ώϽϣϻһЩϣȻһЩˮϾͻøŨ㡣
˹ذǰֲϵļ¼弦⣬һڿڳȥ
ʼΪǸҰĵˣ󲢲ȴЩЦ
ǲҰ̫СˣֻҪʥǣл͹ˣǯƹ壬Ҳֻǹ岻ѹȨȥ
ڷˣʥûвĵλͿʼ֡
ūϽǶʿýǶʿݸ
ġ͡Ҳߣ⿴ǡԴס
м˹ؾġҰٴһ㣬£ʱһٸ߿һۡ
־ãⲻܹĸ׺͸磬ûʲôҰĵˣǣֺγһֱڱӰأ
ֻˣ˹ز֪˵ĸĸ˭֪ڳΪ֮ǰʲôˡ
ƺ֪Լһ·ϣ뽨һ˭Ҳû˭Ҳ벻磡
ôܲͷԼأ
˹վҲˡ
Ҫȥˣ
һҲȲˣ
ٲˣҪʹˣ
û뵽˹ô˻ԼҲûа˾֮⣬˹ػа취Ӧѯʵġ
ȻתůϾ⻹ڣ˰Ѽ˹Լȥб¯ķ䡣
ˡ˹ؼܽģһ̾͵ϥء
Ҳվɡ
˹æվ缢ƿʵĿų̵ﷺ̹⣬ó̲һƤ
ôˣߴţʲôҪ£ʵ
˹¶һЩ̬ЦݣѾΪˡ
ʥԺڣ󻹻һֱ־裬ʥԺѾˣû
ʹʹ˷
̧̧°ͣɡ
˹رϹϾȥ˫ַϥϣɵĲ˼顣
̫Ѩʱ̫ˣƽʱѾ˯ˡ
ˡ˹쳤˲ӣðɭȥ˹¶
̡һģϺħ廹˹¶ɭֻҪ˹¶ǳΪǳΪ»ꡣ
˹أڰɭ󹫳ɹ˹¶֮ǰ󲻻ᶯ
̵ͷߣˡ
˹Щ˵࣬ˣڲžһţ
Ǹˡ
̣أ
ʥԺ˸ȣӦҲĳ룬ֻʥԺ̫졣
̲²⣬ʥԺʱûаôϵ˵ķˡ
ʥԺ˲ӵӣ
˹صЦˣ¶һûڵı飺ȻץˣץĶЩͨˣǸȵսʿ
Ҳ֪ǲ
̣֪ġ
ֵ̱ĺƽ
Ȼ˵Ҫˣ֮ǰʥǡ
̣Ҫλ
˹صɴ۾
Ȼ˵˵ע£תҡ
˹ž⡣
Ȩ档
ǰһι
ƽ˵ķʽ


218 
ʥƽʼ취뿪ʥˣ ıҲ Ȼ˹¶·ʣ ˹¶˰Ǵȥ
³ҾǱҲһԱ ˵ǼҲӦüŰߡ
ĴѩûѹǼҵķӣ Ҳʥ ˶һֱֻҵĻ
ڣʥסȥˡ
ǵھӱץ˲٣һЩڽϱץߵġ
ץ֮󣬾Ҳû
Ѿˣ ʳȴɽȱɽϵƤˣҪʥǣֻȥū
Ǯ˵ȻãЩûǮƽ ٲߣ һū
³ǼСӣ һһ㡣
㶼ûгɼңûаȥ ³һľͷСˡСΨһߡ
ֻҪ΢ֵǮģ ĸ˵ļ۸˳ȥ
ʮöͭĶ ڸһѶһ öͭҡ
⻹Ϊ³ĸ׹ϵ
ǾôƴգϼʣµĴչ·ѡ
ǰ˹¶ʱ˻ṩʳͱ
³뿪ʥǣСʥǳϤҸĴСѶʥǡ
۴˰Ķֲûûȥ˹¶ʥǸֲ
ְ֣ȥ򡣡³ſſϣŸĸ
Сĺӣ㶼ˣĸһֱ簮û취
׿ۿ³Դ˵һȥɣ֮ǰǵñߴ·
ӺһֻСȥһˡ
³뿪֮󣬿³С˵忨Ҳ뿪ʥǡ
ĸ磬Ҳ忨˵뿪ٴһʱ䣬Ӷˡ
˵忨³֪Լʲô뿪СʥǣԺū
³Լ˵ʲô˵忨
Ĳ뿪ʥǡ
忨ڼǸˣԻǺӵĵܵû̫ģ֣߿㣬ȥкǾͻȥ
ƹСļſڡ
ұȿ³Ķ࣬Ǿ³һĶˣҲղȥ˹¶·ѡ
³ҵţ洫Ů˲ΡΡ˭
³ң򡣡
ľŻ򿪣ڿ³ǰһݳõŮˣõͷͷ¶ĵطӦûжͷˣıܸߣǰݵʱ򣬸ָ߱ȴԵʮֿ̱
³ûϳĸףǸ֣ȴĲȰ̡
Ȱ̡³Щ£кʱغһ
ȴ¶һЦݣЦȴô磬ǸƿֲЦݡ
³˿ĭһȦڣڿվڲƯСȹӲˣһϴķףǲȹӣԭװԲԲ°ͱ⣬ɫƣѾǿ³ϤǸɰƯСŮˡ
Լȹǣᡣ
ȴ߹ȥӲקذ
Ƶ˿³ߣü̹עſ³
߰ɡȡͨһ³Скˣݳһѹͷץ֣ȴ³㣬߰ɡ
³һܲˣҵˣȴȻվקס˿³ץסһݰ㳶ſ³·İְֱץˣزˣ֪Ǽ˺ܶණҪ뿪ʥǶԲԣԲԣ
³ŵ÷˫ȶڴȰѾˣǴԨĶ
ǿӲקߡ
߰ɡȣǸƯСǰߣԺƯı
³ŷˣỌ̇̄ҲҪ
Ƚץס³󣺡ߣ߰
³ҡͷҲߡ
Ȱƽ³ĻŮûзأԴӸױץ֮һˣĶߺ·ʧˡ
ʧĶûлʲôʳÿֻٵĳһɱĶӡ
ڡҪͳȥ
ȹڵϣ˫ץס³ļ򣬽ſ³۾Ⱦɡ³ǸúӣȾɡ
³Ŷ߶վߵݵֻʣһ˫˵Ĵ۾ˣ³˿ĭ֪Ķһ
֪ˡ³ŶţͲˣŬͦţỌ̇̄һչġ
ֳһЦݣ³ֶ
ȻȾͳûڣһƳ˼š
վڼſڣתͷ³³˵һչġ
ſڵ忨ɲҲһȥ
³忨üȥ
³ǰҴӦ˲Ọ̇̄úչ
忨Цôչ㿿ʲôչҪǰ裬ȥ˹¶ĻᶼûУﻹǮһˣ
³ҿ԰
忨³ڲԵʱ򣡡
忨ԽǷԣ³ԽǼ֣˵˲㣬˵˲㣡
ϾСӣ³ĸĸͷһ֮󣬻Ǿ򣬲Ϊ³֣ΪҲõ׵İ
Ǿ³˵һҪľ峵һš
ɿǣ˲ûϸ飬ֻ֮˷ݵĿ
ĿҪǵʡ
ѾСθһ㶹Ӿ㹻Աˡ
³һɹ뿪ʥǵ
˳˵Ǯ
ܽɵҲޣƽͶ·ٺ͵˱øˡ
ץҲࡣ
ֱһǣһҹһļ˸ҵĴţ˽ȥһпɳԵĶͿֵǮĶȻһѻ׷˸ɾ
Ϊ߲˷磬밸زԶС
ܹȥʱСʮ˵ʬ壬еﻹһС󣬵Ҳһʳ
Ǻ˸ūһǮ赽ˡʿš
赲ǵеÿһ춼ܴĳһɱϢȻҲȫһģ˸ϳŵĸҲؾ棬ϾЩֻҪʳ
ʱҲ˳ȥˮ㣬£һȺˡ
ʥǵϡٵ󶼷ֵʱһжѾˡ
ڽϵʱ򣬼ֱʥǡ
ֱû̵С·ûˣһֻᣬЩķӣһڽķ棬ǰЩڣתͷŮͣô£
ŮҲ֪ɵǼɵͷ˵£Щ˶ˡ
ŮЦӯӯԺҲ˷ˣ
㱵ĿһС
ϢʱʥǾʲô


219 
ϣ һˮ
ûʲôˡϲŻᡰ֡ ¿ÿ֮ƽͲţ һֱѲߣ Ļᰤһٴ򱻸ϻȥ
ʼļ컹ãǻη壬 ǾöģûгԵģ ٵС˶ƴһƴ
Ǿ˼˻飬 ҹϮ ˫ˣ ƽ࣬Ϯ֮תͷʹһҹԱļңѶԷ˸һɶ
ʱһֱڲˣʲô˹Ա ֱ׵Ĵҵ׷ Ҳ׷
ƶ˷ӣ ƽȻΪɳ̹ŵƶ߲ҹܣ Ͼ֮ǰץˣ Ҳûȥƶץ
ƶҲ Ҳùڼﵨսľ ƶﻹܵһߣھ죬ڼҺá
æŹʥǵûʱҲûȥ̣ܳûʲôõƶߡ
ǾԽԽ˳Ϊ̵ġˡ
ڴ˺һڵȵ
ˣʲˡҲЦݡ
ԭ˵ϵʲ֪ΪʲôƶԺҪʥǣæ׷˹ÿ¾һʡ
Ҫˣʲʳʱ򣬻˴ʯ
̶ӷΪһЩפڳľһЩеĹ壬еľȫ̡
Ӻͳ̵ʳǲǮģۡ
ֻڳ⽻ף尮򣬱ŴﲻҪǮȥ˲ħֹ
˹¶Ǳߵħܰܵܣǿٷ˻ܴһû࣬һ˻ȥаꡣ
ħԼóˣȻѾֲˣҪǮ
ʲ֮Ҳ¶Цݡ
ʲÿδʳܶ࣬ҪԷԽԽ࣬Ҳ졣
̲֪˶ٴӵаҮûаҮ˵ʥҲð
ȻͶƽ񶼰˹ʵĲʲôǮٲƽԱǮ
ʵϻƽֻƽʲôɰ׵ʳ
׵õĶû˻ϧҪջȥҪ
йͲͬһɻ˴֮ǰϤںϵҲ졣
ʲ˴С⣬ľǿۣ˹֮󣬳̻˰ɱбζȺãұǿҲԿб
ϾϸƷбһζ
̸ʲһҮȥգΪ̻ԭһֱȣҮũһĿ󣬰ʳ˳ȥ
˵ֵĿ絹ÿ¶ܷգԻ˲ٿۡ
֮˹¶ǱǲȱʳģΪʥҪʳһ
̻Ҫ۵ĵףȻũͲˣôʳز
ʥǣȥˣ̻˿ũҲ˿
ˣ˵͵ʲôʱ򣿡ʲʳ̡
룺͵ʥջ֮ǰ
ʲͷ˹¶ֱ˲٣öʥǹȥġ
룬ԱߵĿ˹ء
˹ʼ磺ʥڿʮ˶ûˡ
֮ǰ̾͸˹ū˺Լƶߵ˼ӽȥ㣬ʥǵʮϡ
ʱӵˣˣСʧ˶١
ڣҪǻάڶʮѾܲˡ
̣ʱܶһЩ
ӵǵջ󣬿ܻʳ
鲻һ飬ֻǸ˺¸ı䣬һİĵطչѹͷնϤĵط
ʲ˵ܻȿ˹شԤϵĸһ㡣
̺Ϳ˹һʲѹ޴󣬵ӲͷƤ˵⼸ʱ򣬸ǶӴʥǵʮ򣬲ȻôʳдҲֻмʮҡ
Ҵ͵Ҳޣʳٶȿ̶ȵʾ﾿жˡ
û뵽ôˣüͷ΢壬ʮֲ⣺ôỹôࣿ
Ͼۿɼץߵģߵģϼˣʮ
̺ȻʥԺŪĸ˲Ķģ
ץߴĸ̶ֻ֪ǴӸƽ񣬻Լū
ʥԺ֮ǰŪĸʿĶֱڶһա
˹أħһֱҡ
̾˿ϣħ嶼ûҵܲĶôˣ²ڵص£ҲӦ¶ͷ
ʥԺһԭΪ˶ڰʥԺɵءЩٴҲϹ
ʲС˵һɡ
ĿʲĿƣʲ˿ĭһǱʥ
°ܹͣôล˵ʥ񣿡
ʲæ˵ʥԺһʥʥԺֱӹϽأסȫϵʥ񡣡
գգۣƺ˵ôطǴʥǿʼûеõȷеϢ
ǵʥʦİ¸˹ҲֻǶԳ˵֪ôһط
ǾĶʥԺû֪ϽƬ˭ʥԺôϵģⶼһš
̣¸˹˵ģǿطһֱûӴƷҲͣʥԺĻһʱҪҵ̫ס
̿˹ء
˹׳̵˼ʥҪʳʮˣǿ϶ʥʳԺ˹ȥ
ʥǰصĲܡڷҪӣžǡҼҴų򿪡״̬˭Խ
ôʳߣ̣ܲۡתֵҪôС˳ȥҪôòͬˡ
ÿ˿ɲ٣ʮֿ࣬һ𣬾Ǻܿɹ۵ķˡ
ħǲᶯЩԽ˹ȥҸˣǾ;Ҹˡ
ڸ˻費ҪԶôˣǾһˡ
ʲߺ󣬳̸˹ô졣
ǵڸǵ·ڰɡЩģѷֱ档
ôˣÿͬһʱһǲͬ·ڣô㣿ȫץ̱ƹǲʵ
˹أûãȥǡ
̣
˹˵ʲôôʵЩ̡
ʳ̿ſ˹ص۾
˹صͷ
̣ʵҲԡ
ŬԼԷϾҪˣ㲻Χļкɽڶˡ
ϾûϺвֲرȣǶģȺɽҵԳԵĶ
֮ҵʳõľࡣ
ۿ϶ҪȥɽʳûСЩӡ
һľˣ;Ҳ¶
һڡ
Ǵʱ˿̣ͺǳڵʥǵļңʥǵ


220 
µϣˣ˹̹ţ Сȥ˱ʿڴЬ࣬ ǳ֮ǰ˸׼ġ
а˲࣬аǸԸɴһĻ̤ʵ ĶŮˣ 崫ͳйء
ڲ˹ĶΨһһаˡ
µϴӱ ۾ ȻŴ·Ь ԭѵ˹¶ģΪ һֱûҵԳڸɵû
֮ ˵ÿٸɵģ żа⣬ ͵˱˾ӪȻһѵ
ڷܵĹ˷֣ Ͼ¾ְλ Ͳлѵ ֻѵʿ
ȥĶµϴЬ վԺڵϵ˵ż⡣
аˣȥʥǡ
µϵɴ۾ȥʥǡô£ȥȥʲôȥʥǵʿ𣿡
а˾ûµô⣺ôô⣿ȥʲ˹ٰ̹ɡ
µͷ ɲȥʣô⣿
ʱ϶Ҫӳʰ
ƽϣ˹ǵ͡ƤףΪֹ˹ʮãȻн̹һֱûõǸûڿ˹ﰤ򣬸̹ٶ㲻ϡͬѧͬʹֵܡ
̹ܵ٣Ϊռ˵ʱû˲ŵıˡ
ʱɢʱ̹֪̾ԼҪʲôѸȥԼĿĵأȴ˵ٻֻԼˣ֪ҪȥĶ
ʹˡй䡱Ҹطš
˳˼ǿȻͱһСǵ˹
СС־һӣ˳˳ĳ˳˳ϰ֣̳˾λԱҲһȺֻ֪ԺֵġɵӡСҲûʲôǿɧֻǮˣϢˡ
ǿǮܲͣСԼԸ⣬ƽҲòˡ
ԵСһɱ˼ǿ֮󣬾Դȥˡ
Ȼ˹ʹԼˣֱӽ˳ǣϱСֻҪṩסʳǸ𱣻ǣǿ
ǻݡ
˹ʱ򶼲֪ԼãСá
һģһ߶õù
β˹뿪Сһѱһˡ
ʾ֪˹Ҫ£ʲôʣϣ˹˼С
Сңû֮ǰЩǿ춼Ҫˣô찡ƽô죿
Сƽһҡ
СûǮҪӡ
˹ôõȨһһٶˡ
̻ͦáСûʲôӣҲûʲô£õʹСûǸӣȻҲһֱǿ۸
һˣٰ֮׸ˣȻСǣҲʤ
˹µһˣ඼壬Ůˡ
۵ģ壬ױģΪǶڳ̵£ڱū
˲˹⣬פʥľӶǰʥǡ
Ҳǰź˵ط
ÿǵ̵ͨ˰סˣ˹¶˲Ҳסֻʲε˲Ҷκһ˶ᱻ
̵˾ѵִжȺǿٶҲܿ죬ǺܿҪӪ·סˣʲЩг֤ģ˶ܽ
֪ʱ𾪵鶼ûУڻûмᣬѾ˹λϡ
̨µĹԱ嶼Ĭŵͷ
ɱֱߵıȥϲŭֻһ˵ŭص
ԱǶû̧ͷһ˵˶ûС
ʧȥǣŭҪʲôãЩҵʿҵʿأ
һԱС˵£ǵʿ
վظʮʿ˵ѵжʮ𣿣
¡Ա˿ĭõʿ
ˣʿĶ
Աɭȥ˹¶ʿ
ڵ˭Ȩôң
ԱǴ󹫡
ǽڹ͹֮ĳƺӵ޽ӽȨȨҲȨȻܴȫʿʿԲкֱӴߡ
һ˵ûд󹫻ôһô͵ڸҡҪ췴ˡ
ϣޱ飺Ϊʲôûң
ԱһԲ
ԼĹԱЩνԼĹ壬ϵıƽ
ǰǶΪΪǸŮˣΥǵͶϣֻһ䲻ʹĻˡ
ʹ֮䣬ѡ˰ɭ
󣺡ȥɡ
Ա˿ûһԼҪȫ߳˴
ô죿ǸոӦȥѰɭ󹫽лġ
ȥˣɭͻҿʥǻˣ
Ҳǡߵʱ򣬰Ѱɭ˶ˣҿ׼˹¶Ժ󣬰˹¶ռ
ô죿
ΪУֻΪѡ
ǸŮˣĻ֪ô

ĬϣŴսֻһˣ˶˳ȥ
ʲô
ﲻ
ΪʲôλӣȴɲģΪʲôʥԺûˣȴͻȻðһ˹¶
Լ֣һտյǰΪԼȨڲŷֻ֣˵롣
ãȻĹˣֻǿϡ
ǿȨıʯһ޹⡣
Ҳܲµжã
ԼҲһ޽⣬˵Ѿ޹ˣǻֻһ˶ѡ
ʥԺȨʽ΢ʱʼҲȨĹԱĹ嵱Ȼῴ²ˡ
ڵṹ죬ʹ޷ĸı䣬ûȫԼľӣҲûԼĵϵԱ
ЩĹĹ壬ǵҲҪɣûԼġŶӡûԼġǹӡ
еȨԴڡ󡱡֮áϡ
ûб˳ˣҹˣԹ˵޹ؽҪǶԼһĶֵġʵۡ
󻹲ƸۣȥȨһôˣǹǾͻѵжûǿȥѹá
̿Ž̹ЩҪǵˡ
һСġڲͬϳ˺üΡ
ˡڴϣڿ˹صĻﻹָָĵ֣춼ȥÿķһ
ǲϳģһ˵ڷֲܳԺ󣬾ͲٲʳˣϾķհǶԴ˶취ڳģһڳһÿ춼ܲ˳ȥͬһˣÿųǣʳǻٵġ
㲻ԼҲģϾѺʳҪ̶ӣҪ֡
ÿͬȥ֤ÿ춼ڲ䡣
˹ؿûסַӦǸ
̵ͷʿע㣬˵̶ȥֱӿҪС
Ͼֻǻţûҡ
ģǵԳӴϴ˴Ҳ֪ϢϢġ
֪ǵǮΪʲôǮҲ֪ң׻ȡô֪ǵȨĵ˭֪˽ܡ
̴ӲС˵Ҳ׼ʱڰƵԼĶȥ
ƿͨĸĸطĸʱеͨ
ǸλϣŻȥǣھͰƵжȥ
ҲѹƵȥ
ǲܣ֮Ҫľ
ҵȥչЩ˵ʳɡͷ˹ء
˹أжǮ
̣٣ڵĽࡣ
ֹѱֵΪ٣ֵֵٶȺܿ죬ȶ
˹أԣ׼ʲôʱȥ󣿡
ҡҡͷڻʱҲ˽ǴӼ˹صǸȨǿʢˣ£ǲġ
һ˹ط˳̵Ĺ۵㣬Ȩʢ԰
κηˣĵˡ˹أȥΪ֮ǰ¡
˹ظ̽˹Ĺ¡
ڸ汾ĹһԸرˣôܣңסĵطӣߵŮҲֻвʮʣµĶǵ͵ȵ˺ū˺͹ʱֻҪõģЩڳС
һС壬Ϊһʯëȣʯ·ϵ䣬͵ֻʣһʲôûеëʱֱɱǸ塣
Ȼ£ٷ汾Сڻȥ·ϵˣ⡣
ǸǳҪصˣҪĲأǾηηھ
ηٿġ
СʱĹ£͸ˣǸֿͯɰȴһʵʵħ
Ḹˣ˰ѶԷ͵ӵ͵ȵļԺּԺܱˣֻӴµˣƹͷİ˹öͭҾһ
˷ˡ
ĸȻûССͣܰõˮ©˶֪ģɾҲ֤ݡ
ĸûԶԼˡ
ҶСʱĹ£Ƕһ׼Ļ˵Ĺʱǻˡ
˺ܴᱻҵ֤ݣǾͻȻǴֵó޵ġ
һźһҵĹȥϲˡ
Ϊ˵Ļ⣬˵Ĵֵ壬һƯ
Ͼ磬ԶúÿִλߵˣһЩƺҲôԭ¡
һˡ
Ľ̲һʦĸףΪԼԼĸף̥ԴУĴҵȨ
˼ͳǽȻͬġ
Щϧʱ
ִִ϶ܳΪһŮǿˣϧʱȲƵҡ
˹أ
ͷˣ
˹˵Ը޷˷ͱԼӦû
üҺʲô
̷ӦָԼı˵ҺȥԸɭɣ
һ˼ؿſ˹ءΪ֣ȷʵǿܵģ˵Ǹ÷
Ͼɭ˹¶ء
ɭֱ
ܿʱ˹¶֮
Ͼ߼̴ôʥǣ˹¶ʿ̫࣬޷ֿ˵ľӡ
ͱôȥһʥǵͽˡ
ҲԽŸṩ˴ȥ
̣ҾáԺܴ󡣡
˹ĳ̵ԴĴ㣬׼ô
ת˸ڿ˹صϣ°͸ڿ˹صļϣҲȥġ
ߵʱ˹¶˵°Үػ˼ǧħʿиɭ˹ȥ˵ˮֲ˵Ҳã˵ˣö۶ϻĽ˹¶Ǳߵĸֵƴ˹¶ٲݰҲ䣬ο˹¶ʿǾѵġ
Ǳߵһֱм˹شţڵĵ֮ҵ˵Ĳ֮
ġ̶ǰһֱ֮󣬾Ҳûгֹˡ
˵ǽãûΪǶԹ޳̡Ͼʳʿǲġ
οǵʳֱ̻һгۣǵʳʥǾ⣬˹¶˻ѻͼǡ
ǺͻƾƣѾƣǵļ۸񶼺ܵ͡
˲óǸˡ
ǲ̸ģ˭ͼ˭Ǻˡ
˭ı˺ռǾ͸˭ϵá
ǳÿ춼ҪʱˣǸ˲Ҳ͸¶˲Ϣ
һֱûҵġġҲڴǵҵˡ
͸¶ġϢģһвˣǸˣƲɲ٣ıɫڴӳͼ˼κ֮Ͷұĸ˳йذĵ¡
ˣĲһˡ΢ЦڳԱߣ۾󣬱һŴԲЦǺǵʱôǺˣҺܶǰͺǴ򽻵ˣʱǽаģʱбȶʱв׶
̶˵װĲ׼Ѿơ
ỹЦ۾ȴ֮ǰ࣬ɴûб˴ֱʵ
Ǻٳǰ֪ĶԼϵĽָǸҴ򽻵ʱɲ̣ףҿɾͲˡ
Цؿһޱûȥ
ð⣺ˣҿɲܱ֤һҵǣˣóء
̰ڰ֣ⲻҪֻҪҵϢģҸĻҲġ
һǶʥ񣬵ͨʥ񡣡
̿
ЦڻʥǵĹ壬뿪İɭ󹫣ǰġ


221 
ġһ֯ ֲһ֯
Ǳһģ⣬ͨʥҲûʲô
ʥԺʥǾӪô꣬ 缸ǹ¡
֮ǰΪڶеʥǵĹ嶼ѾȥˣµĹ嶼ǿоλûصĹ塪Щ˵ǹ壬ʵǵĹᣬ Ȼ̳˾λΪԭ ûжǮ Ҳûֻܴʥǣ ȡů
ֲã ȻֻܰϣʥԺϣ ʱˣ ²ϣ ҲʥǻԼϴϴˡ
ڰɭ󹫣 ̾ǲͬģ ܺ뿪ʥǣ ʿ˺
֤Ұģ ǵ󹫶ѣ λѾˣ ˵ȡҶ֮
̷˲ Щ˶ǡġ
оλߵһӾ
˵˰ƽǸɫʵ
׵Ķӣ͸ҹһһ񶾵ĺ裬ĺ軹ǲŮĸغҪάֱȽϸڶӺ֮䣬ѡ˺ߡ
СʱŰԺ뺦ʱ軳ˡ
Ϊ˲ðӰδĺӣ˼ıɱ˹ȥ
֪費ɱǲᰲĵģԼӵʥǣͶԼĸ׵ļ壬ĸҲòá
ܵ˵ǶŰȻͱ̬ˡ
ԼıýˣһֱĸģĸҲڱŰˣŰҪԾŰͲ̫ˣȻļ̳˾λͬʱֿʥԺ˺裬̬˵İԼ׸ʥԺôʥ
ʥǵãǸųʵʺ̵ܲˣüˣƫ
κεˣΨΨŵŵǱȥͻòҾ徵ķʽԷ
ܶԷֻ˵һ仰ʹͿ˰ѶԷץȥԷĶӣԷĳӡ
ҪĥԷҪԷԼĥ
ʥԺϵӵߣԼн죬ΪʥԺʥԺĸӶԸһһжԴڶԷĵλϣΪʥԺбϣʥԺػʥԺ£κ˶ߣʹ࣬ʥԺ˵ԼĳС
ĳ£Ը˳Ϊѣ޲û˿ϵ˹
֮̿󣬾˿⡣
ʥԺϺ͵λҲ壬ʱܴһС
˲ôŰ̹̹֮֮Ҫ°ΪŰˣ˰ʬˣ֮ĵһҲǻصߣ˵ҳϵūšΪΪԼðϿģⲻǰֻҪţðϸȥ塣
԰ˣʧȥ壬ɱˡ
ҲһʥԺ壬ܹȥͰԼʥԺϣҪ뾡һа취סʥԺĻ֡
¹ḥˣԼĹҲϧ
û£ģ׼ߣȷĿ꣬ɱضҪΪʥԺһѪ
һĽָ
Կ˹أҵȥ
˹Ҫȥ𣿡
æ֣һȥҿԵģ
Ȼûڿ˹ǰʹùָǡڻʵ̫߳ˡ
˹زʲô̿ǵ˵Ĺϵûſ˹صôɣܾòá
׿˹صǣȥ
̾˹ѾϷˣ˽˹أ˹˽
˹ؿᣬҪ´ûκɣ˹صǱαģһαװ£ǼµĮͲ̣˹صûƶҲûǷǹۡ
ȴÿ˹ؿ£Ϊʶ磬మ磬ԶԳ˵˹صһжȻġ
˹̵Ķʲô
̣ȥ⿴ʿɣСӹȥٺõģһǡ
еׯ԰ˣķֳֻҪһʻĴ㡣
ǼŻɶã˵ׯ԰֮ǰ¶ˣ֪ûУϣ̫ġ
ϾִҲûԹ¶
֪¶󶹽͵󲻴
ȥ˵һվԼ졣
ʱԸͿ˹˵ദΪʱ̶Ҫܣֻи˹زƽȵġ
ˣƽȵĶԴǣҲΪԼƽȡ
ûа취¡
ִ˶˵ƽȣλߣǮˣϰʱ˾߲㣬ǻ
޽⡣
̲ϲǰͷֺõӣûЩɱ
ϣǰѵ˿һΪԼˣͰѳ̿ˡ
ı䲻ǵ˼룬ֻٿǣᡣ
Թ緹˯˻˹ǳ극˴ʳһȥ˳⣬ǱѵģһֱҵҵǺܴϱƵϱҲôת䣬ҳϣֲ޴̻ǺҲԸǰӵġ
̴ȥҰᡣ
Ϻܿգ·߳ʱ俴һˣϻλƵţûѳ̻˯ȥ
ֱͣ˵ˣ̲۾򿪳ųȥ
ļʥģǱֻ֣¥Ҳʯשķӣʮݳޡ
վڰҴſڣֻΪ̶԰ĵ¸ģԼĽָġ
ָԶԣ̾Լж֮
ҪǴBUGִƷַӷ¸Ϊ׸
ҲõҵҲˡ
ȥ˰ҵţŵǸӰСͣԴССǸˣôôǷˡ
ҼҴҪˡ̬Ⱥư
⻹ǹܼҽģ˵̬Խư˾ԽСˡ
һܵûеˣ˱ȻҲǵġ
ҵСʣǡ
°ͣ˹¶
æ˵ȥˡ
ȻŶûأȥʵеȱۡ
͸򿪵Ĵţİ裬ⲿݳ޲һĳ٣УҲѾϾɣϰݡ
ûǮˡ
ɼֻһתվ˵Ըһתվ̰ʥԺһͭҡ
һˣԼҲáҡˡ


222 
̺ܿͼ˰
ԤĲһһƫΨΨŵŵˣ ෴ һͷɫ Щ ۾Щ´Ӻ춼ȽСɣеԣ Ҳƫ񻰱Ķˣ й
ûʲôװƷ Գ̵ʱ򲻱ǻЦ
ˡųȥڣ ⷿӺͷˣ ˺٣һ·ſ С͡
ͲŮֵ͡ǮΪ˶Ů٣Ů͵һ͵ңټ͵̶ ֻͨͺͽԼְλֻˣ Ů;Ͳһˣ ŮŮ˶ԣ Ȼֻи˵ְλ ĸְλ
԰ʡǮ
ЩͳòΣĲΣӦҲΡ
ѳ̴͵ķ䣬ֻпǽñ¯ͼӣԼһʲôûڵľ
ߵϣվ󣬰ЦˮȻʣôң
ûһʼýָ˵ʲôżɽ˵֪ʥסǿ
ּЦǶָܿƽģ޷ɻʣ˵ʲôô̫ʥǶץ𣿡
̷ʣץö𣿡
΢΢ͷ̿ı飬ƽľֲ˵Բԡ
ЦǾ˵ͦԣҲöԣʥԺûһ£ͽҪǮȦνʥͯ⣬Ҳûʲô£á
ˮ̶ˮ
ַ£̧ͷų̣˫տɫ۾纣ʥԺĶԲԣ󣬻ۡ
̣˭
򣺡Ȼƽ񡣡
ЦЦʥ⣬ƽɶûʥԺá
򷴲ʶ֣ûƽʲôǷֵʲôǺãʲôǻ𣿡
ֵ̣ʥԺӵиõ֯ӵƽԣȴԸ⹫Ըƽֿ࣬Ըūƽ࣬Ķ
ЦʥǻۣƽӵǷֵʲôҪ˰ѶǰѺôιǲžúҳƶ֪һкôȻ𣿡
ֱ壺⻰ӦȥңƽΪƽʲôԲҪ˴죬ΪʥԺҲǴƽм𣿡
ôʥԺҪƽʱ򣬾ʥҪƽʱƽ⤣
Ͷȴʲô
ûƽʥԺʲôʲôʲô̺˿ˮгζʮ㡣
򣺡Ҹ뷨һǿģҲͬ
̣֪ļĸŰ㣬ûʥԺıӻͲڣڹ¯ˡ
ЦЦͦ˽ҵġ
̺ʵΪʲô㲻лĸأıԸʲôûеʱ޸㣬ûһ㴥
۾⣬˵Ҹл
ıô˵ġ
̷֣˵ͨˣ޷ܣԼֵĵҪ˵Ȱ⡣
̧ͷ˵ﲻҪ̣ȥҡ
̷ʲôҲʾ˳ȥ
֮ھֻʣ³̺Ͱ
̴ˡءߵ
ءһɫͱˣħ츳ܳҲŸ㶮ǡıȷǱץסԺҪƨһħΪħս͵ķ֧ȻܾǱõģɢɶɻϢز࣬ʱƣܵø
ɫաҲ˵ǡȻ󡱣˵ǡٿء
п˹شԳܡ
˫۾ãپ۽ֻܳԵĿڶĳ̣촽΢ţǱ˸ɵӡ
°ʣǲǲʥǣ
򣺡ǡ
̼ʣжٸˣжʥ񣿡
촽źϺϣȵʿʥ񡣡
̿ЦãʥԺӿ󡣡
ֻʥ񣬾͸˹ȥʥԺʥҲֵʲôɱˣ̣ˣҲνֻҪ˸ṩȨˣ׼ˣҲ
̲ʻʱ򣬰Ͳ˵ľż
̣Ķ
򣺡ʥϱߵɽ
ɽȣ
û뵽ȥǡ
һû˾סƽԭ࣬Ҫס϶ѡƽԭɽȲվһиҰޡ
ƻˮ࣬ʥǹȥҪʱ䡣
֮ء
ӵĵ෴ǣغܷ֣ˮ࣬ʱҲ̡
ҰΪգֲˮҪ
˵ӴûǮֵÿ̶ȥժҰ⣬ȥϾٺãҲʺϸ֣ȫɽֲո鷳ҵ·ͨԲעͻ׹¡
ֺõʳ˲ȥǮƷû˭벻ɽȥ
ʰ᣺еͼ𣿡
ƿӣľż뿪˴͵ķ䣬ӦȥҵͼȥˣٴλʱȻһľС
ľкܼӣûлҳһôŹƷӡ
ľзϣȻִ򿪡
һ۵Ƥֽ
ƵƤֽʥΪĵ⸽ʮеĵͼ
һʮϸµĵͼ̿˼ӣʹ㶵ǡ
̰ѵͼ˽ָ
̣򣿡
ǸոǸմӣοˮ͸ɵˡ
̣
ǰɣ
ָˣ
֮ǰָˣӰȻǻҳϣʶܱġ
֧壬ڰǰ˻ӡ
Ȼִ˽ָʵ˵仰
Ӳ죺ˡ
̣
ٴΰѽָϣȻֿʼһԲǸĳմ
Ŀ񣬱ͣ沿ƺ˴ɳڼ
̴˸
ֽ˼ΰ֣ûа㷴Ӧˡ
ָֻǡһĶֻӰڳڵĵطûҪѰɵӡ
վһƬհס
ʿȥսܿǰھεĸо
Ϊս޷⣬޷⣬ЩǱȻеḶ́ʲôʲôûйϵ
ðΪɵӡ
վǣãﻹĿ־塣
־Լ
Ӧÿߵܲ˱ɵӡ
ʱЩѾûˡ
޷Լ沿⣬ǿʼ鴤ˮϡ
˿ĭѽָ˶Ȼȥа֡
һΰӦ
ˡ̧ͷǰĽͳԣǻſˮѾ˼ɡ
˿жһƨϣɻֹ
ҺûתҺö
ĽָôһֱѸЧЧֻܾҪµʱ䡣
̰һˮһ㣬Ŷ԰˵ľЩˣһ
Ȼ壬Ǿۼ
Ҫһ򾡣һ©֮ȥͨ籨š
Ҫһȷʱ䣬һõʱѹ
ڡ
ȥʱ򣬳תͷһۣվſĿ뿪Ŀ⻹רעԡ
Լĺ󾱣ԺǶԷǴˣǲҪָˡ
һߣ˹شȥʿ
˹صȻȥֻ⣬ʿԼ
һڴȼŲﵹȥСͶӣٷһЩ⣬Щκͽ֮ͣԣҲůθ
ЩⶼǼѼ⣬ûʲôˮʿ浹һ㶹͡
˽̹⣬û˸Ҹ˹˵
̹ʵҲ̫ңҲӲͷƤϣô˹ѵǵʱûǴ
궼ûӦþ͸ˡɣ
ֻаȽϵΪǰңûˡ
ǵƽܶࡣվڿ˹ߣͷ
˹ؿųǵƽЩ̶ӣЩʮ˴ճɶѣŰ峵ߡ
ЩȥͶݣЩȥ˹¶
˹صͷʰȱȱ
ҡͷȱ֮ǰá
֮ǰǴɽϣ˲֮⻹Ҫֵأǰʱ䱻ʥǣ⼸컹ȥɽϵĿȫˣʱҪ˹
ǿԺ󳤳ô죬˵˲ùܡ
ô꣬һᱻ˷֡
˹תͷͷԵʿǣƽԵĶǿǿٺóԣԾҪζܳС滹⣬ֲѵͣĺܣŨЩӣЩ˴ֱ֮ץųԡ
˹ؿֵˣתͷ
ԣҲɨһʿץģûоϾɽ϶٣пӵ֦УÿӵģŪӲֱֲ档
ԼĿӾõĲôԼȥĥӣҲץ
ҲԼν
˹أʲôֱҡ
˹ؿ˰һۣЩò׼㲻ⶼ
̬΢ǣˡ
֪˹ؼû˵ͷҲ˵ʵȨҲû˸˵лϾ˹صǿüġ
˹أ׼
˲̧ͷ
˹ؿͷա
£ʪȵķḧ棬ȸͿշ衣
ô죬Ҫˡ


223 
վɽУ һڼѵɽ Ǳϱſտյı¨ ϵıľ
Ϳ쵽ˡһĵܵܡ
ܴܵ ӺＷһ䣺ˣ 컹ûʳ
˽촽ڰοܵܣ ҲڰοԼǻ뵽취ġ
ܵĨ˰ѾûʲôԵˡ
Լز࣬Ͼɽȵѿѣ ֮ǰʵף ɸ֮ ǵͲˣ ҲѸҰҰ¹òˣֻܿʥʳǿ
ܵܵͷ˵Ҳȥ
˰ѵܵһߣ󲿶룬 ˵ʲôɵȥ ɽϵҰ޳𣿡
ܵߵʲôʲô аݡˣ
ǵĽ㣬ԴӸˣռǵķӣ ǿռǵĸסӺͽãֻܵͷڹꡣ
ʥԺø ǲΥʥԺ ʥԺûø˰Ů˷ߣ ҲͲҿø˰Ů˻
ƫƫǻҪֵأҪ֯۵ţȴܲһͶɹ
סĶϵʥǲʹ࣬Ϊһ־ꡪʥǵĿ顣
ֻҪǾο飬һȥʥߣҲܷĿ
˺͵ܻܵصҡʱ̫ѾҪɽˣ̫ɽ֮ʪأǵķӱռˣֻסʱܸҲûмҾߺʹֻһֻ̨̨֯֯ǵĸãΪĸѾˣϲƣһͷͷûбߡ
ֻҪŮ󶼲Ҫ
˺͵ܻܵؼҵʱĸչҰ˺һɱĶӣÿֵֻܷһ㡣
ݻû𣿡˷±¨ʡ
ĸóľ룬ûʲô飺֪
ˣĶȥ
һߣûʲô飺ȥҲֻǰһٴһġ
ֻǸһҰ˺
ûͣҲûԺĸ׺͸ĸ˯ˣǸɲ̵ģôһ㣬˯ʪҲûôء
˸ܵ˯ţҲֻڲʯͷϣŰݻ
̧ܵͷǿգϻ˵ȥҰݰɣ
ˣǲ֪Ķ
ܱܵ˱죺Ķ
ʵǶֻ֪ǶԸԼ֪ǾǰףŽ㱻ĥ
Ŵ߰ɡ
ܵܣҪõ𣿡
˵ɴ۾е
ܵЩ⣺Ǹǳ֮ǰҾͲˣҲСҲϡ
ˣǶʥ鲢ôϣֵõ˵ȻС·ѹǰЩռ˵ӡЩӶ֮ԼģӶ󣬵ȷʵʯͷһģҲԼԼȣ˺ܶ෿ԺŴġ
ڣЩˡ
뷿ԽԽߵԽ
˵Ц˵˵ʲôζ
Ů˵Լ֮µʹ
ܵܵĽŲͣŵʣǡǲǰݵ
սС˼Եܵ˵¡
СԽԽˡ
ҹɫڻСܡ֡û˷ǣǵԲڴ̨¡
Ǿֵ֣˺һڸ֧壬ڿһۡ
һ
˵ɴ۾ݻʲôȴ󲻳пĳ
ȥݡ
ֻݵĿ
һֱڿޣһֱȣʱаְ֣ʱ裬е˺͵ܵܵ֡
û˷Ź
С۾ͨ죬𣬿ûж
ҲҶ
ܵС˵ˣȥǣ
ס˵ܵܵ죬ڵܵܵĶ߼ѵ˵ʮˡǲСǾȲǡ
ŵܻܵ˼ҡ
һ·ϵܵܶΪʲôҳȥǣų򣡡
ŵܵܵͷһͷȥܵܵ
ܵߵһ룬˴˾һ˾غƾȵ𣿡
ܵѹϣҲ𣺡Ǿôţ
ֵ϶࣬촽˵Ҳ֪
ʲôأ
ôʿǴŰɽ
ǵĸĸǾԸɽģҪʥԺʥ
ɽζʥԺ
ߣȴ߲ˣĸǣסǵǸߡ
ֵĬŻص˲Ƕû˯۾ݶֱ֪˶˽Ų
ݻˡ
ѹɤ԰˵˷
û˵˫ɫҰףӺֱۻ˿ڣԼĵܵܣĬ˸䣬˯ˡ
ʼգû˵һ֡
վԭأ֪˵ʲôҲ֪øʲô
ݱˡ
ڸ֮ǰǼĴ㣬֯ҲµظǴЦһΧڷǰᳪʥ裬ԶûۻжأϵЦݶû˹
ƺѾǺܾǰˣڵİһ쵽˵ÿڵʱҪȥС
ʱҹᷢ͵ĴϢΪʹҲΪˡ
ĸֻǶʹӶ
˵һŮ޷ʥԺǵᲢۡ
һӣȴһ˶԰ȵ󲻽ԵõʥԺļνȥʥ飬ջǱġ
Ůǹöǰӡ
ȵʿ׷ǣǻŮϾԺΪüŮһֱӿͣһԷϵĿˡ
ǲǣûѡȨҲûоܾȨֻܳĬŽַŰ
ЩŮûȥͻֱӱɽ£һĹС
ɱŮȫҶҪܷ޷룬ûѡĸ˶ûп
ûǡ
ڽû˯Ҳ˯ţŸĸ͵ܵ˯ʱĺһȻôʹ࣬Ϊʲôļȴܵûп
ΪǣܣɱȨˣԽԽȴû˻֡
ҧȷ˶˯Ժĵվ
ǲҲˣ
Ҳˣ
ҹä֢ҹʲô
ÿǿż䣬ײײصļҡ
ҲһԼײײԼõĵط
Զסصɽ£ܶľʯڵݵ屻֦ͲҶϸС˿ڣ˲֪ӣȿ˲֪ٴΣףҲŤˣ滬Ҷ
ֱͬ
ݡŮš
äһ˫֣Ůæסһֻ֣¶һ΢Ц˶𣿡
Ůֻ㡣
ݵĺͷЩʣ֪ΪԼеңΪЩûŮеҡ
ǷŲԼļˣΪԼܷԷϣУ
ץסŮֱۣߣңɽ
ŮҡûʳҲûҰô죿
æο£ûʳǿԳҰԳԲݸǿԲɵݣҹֻҪɽͺˣɽͺˡ
Ůֻʮ꣬ݵûһ˿ңŮƽ
˾ôȻǣ֣Сײײɽߡ
ǲ֪ɽµôġ
ɽϵ磬Ѿٴȥˡ
ҹʺϸ·¹ҲʲôŮҹä֢ûأҲֻģһ·ߣһ·ˤֲͣ£˷Сʱ׷ҪץȥŮ˵־ʹ¸ңһ뵽׷Ǿ޷ֹͣԼĽŲ
ֱܿˣŷƫɽ·
ȫǲһɽһɽȣ·ζſҲ߲
Ůڵϣ
ȴ˵ҸƸߵĵطĶȥģǼȻѾˣ뵽ɽİ취
ǻʱ䣬ϪˮԳӺͲݸά
ڣǿҪ֧Ųȥʱվɽ¡
ǳˡʧȥһƨ˵ϡ
ŮҲһֿЦ
Ǻľ֮ǰȫ־֣иָˡ
Ҳʱһ˰ݺŮ߷Χڡ

ѵóһΣﻹŰ򽻸ĵͼͼҲζƤֽĴСñǵǳȷ֮һɽͷǸոųҪȥų
ôˣ˹صҲͣס
ʿͬͣ
̳ԶȥŮ̱С·ߣеԶǵ
ӦòǸƽ񡣡̵ĽŮķȥ
ݿıʹ
ĪģȻе¡
䣬Էһɫıɴס
ɵɵĿš
ʥ顣
ӦþǴʱԼ˰ɡ


224 
ھݵİ֮ ̵֪ŮǴɽġ
Ǹʮ꣬ СǸʮ꣬Ǹ΢㣬˵ҲһЩ СǸһֱڿޡ
Ҳǵ˽⵽ ɽϵĸʿʲôӡ
ЩԼϼҹòεʿǹʵ۵ ʥǵţ ʥ񻹰ԼŮȥ
׼ȷ˵ӦǸȵʿǿ ûзӦˡ
ŮĵûӴʲôˣ Ҳûз֮ģûбָ߸ϵʣ˼֮ ʹǵ׳ʥ͸ʿڵĵطȻ̾ȥʥǣù
ĸ𣿡е벻ͨ
֪кุܶĸӣ û뵽ʥ ׿ӣ ôԷ޾ȻԼĺӡ
˹ڳߣǵĺû
㶡
˹˵Ķԡ
Щĸ˵ û ţŰҲһС
ǴοԼ
ɽ̲ȥѶԷһ򾡵ģǰѸȵʿɽ
ûʳûвֻȥʥǸĳлֱӹʥǡ
̲ܽ
Ҳпܶͷ
ֻȨңΪĹǴġ
Լ赲˵ʱŻԿڳ̡
̽Ŵɽɡ
ŢС·żûҰޣ߾ݵĲҶкܶ಻ϸˮӣԶҰ޵ĺ
Ҳ֪޴Ůô˳ɽģãþ
вץ˼ߣЩ߶ǵĶߣԲǿֻ˻ԣҪжﱻҧˣã͵
Խߣ·Խ·ǿҰ޲ȳģƽҲʱǵõ·ߵ֦ͲҶܼǰ
˴죬ǲڿ̡
ʱɫɽڣűǼ㣬һԴĴ
ҲȷʵԴ
û׵ûȨȾָʥǹԸСӡ
ϧûԴ˵ĵطйкڰСԶ衣
̣ȥɡ
̶ԼȷĶλսϷⷢȵˣں󷽵ʱĮľ˵
սܸٲ𵶣ɱˡ
ִļ㶼ϿˣҪ˭ʵпɱ
̲ǼԺ֪֮
ҲûбҪȥ
˹һȵĳȥڿ˹ɽľףĽŲ¡죬ǰľףü죬ֻܿ˹صıӰ˹ضûȤҸûУֻжսôһ˿ȶȡ
Ҳģ˹صǲģŵʱ򣬲صĿ˹ʧء
ˣ˹Ҳ͵ˡ
һԼħǸͨ壬󣬾ûƿ˹ء
˹ԸⱻƣԳ˵Ǻ¡
˭Ҳ뵽˹ħΪԸһ˸ס
ӣȻе
ɽϵ˺ܿ췢˲ԣʥǿʼɽܣǺܿ췢֣ЩȻֵʿûйǡ
ʿĿȷǵĵʯͷĸˡ
Ů֪ʥסڲȵʿסʥʯͷӡ
˵Ըϵ˹˵ͬĵطϾƬ½һңʱݱ䣬Ҳ˺ܶ಻ͬĵطƵͬͬһĴʣڸвͬĺ塣
Եȵʿкʱ򣬿˹Ǹ֪ʲô˼ֻǼһɱһƸʿɽ
ҸҲϣΪͬǵϵ˹˲Щġ
Կ˹ǸĴɱ
ʿֽšڳ̶ǹֽУر֡
һʼڸ˹ӲӲûСʱǾͿʼˡ
ˡһʿǽԱߣǻ׷
ΪǸ񡰽ˣһŲҲڹǰͦܳ裬û취ձ鳤òΣúÿǱȽϳ㣬ȻʵҽУʱǸƺоսĶܱһ
λľôκιϲԲίΡ
ϣʥԺ϶ǳǣ
ʿµ˵Щǿϵ˹ҵľǡôᡭ
ôô
ֻ仰ʿû˵
ݺݵתͷۻ׷Ŀϵ˹ˣһѪʻȥɽܡ
ﱩ¶ˣǱҸطȻȥţڻزȥˣʱʥԺڻڲָʥԺȻͳȥ
Ҫô򣬴򣬴ʲô̶ȣԼ⣬Ҫȥʾ
˹ش׷һҲӣȲôܿˣǲͣ¡
ǻ׷̴֪㣬ʵΪ׷ɱˣֱ˹ͣ
ˣס
˹üͷһ壬һʱ䣬𣿡
ͷ
ǸսˣûиĸˣҲûӺӣûʲôǣҡ
ҪԼҵԼӵ壬ս;ǰȫ塣
˹һ˵ˡ
˹ȴûм˵ǲص˳ߡ
Ҳˡ̿˿죬Ѿǻƻ裬ڸ·Σգ룺סһɣɽ
˹أûӡ
̣
˹üҲû
ף·һɡ
ʥǣЩѾܽɽЩһƬҵʱڲһЩɵˣڵϣһֱû
̶ûʲôøСЩ˲ǻˣ׼ȷ˵ձϵĺˣܣˣ
ĸʱǶ㲻ϻˡ
ЩˣܹŮ߽ӡ
ֻΪһ翵ġô
ɼǰƽȡ
˿Դƣ˿浽ﶥʱ˾ͿԼ̤һзɡ
رĵĺ޼
̶Կ˹˵ǾۼһɽЩùܣԸԸˣҲӰ첻ʲô
ʿǿʼӪʥ𵽻ϣǾۼһ
ЩûܵĶŮ˺ˣܲ죬Ů˷ǲԸܡ
˹ǣɽɽĻһȥҲѡ
ʥ㷲࿴ȴ˵
˹Ҳ÷ϻɽģȥ
Ȼ˹ؾֱȥ˳ڵķӡ
ڴһӣûʲôװΣֻһŴһӣϷһӣЩװõҰʲôûˡ
ոҲ˴ɨӣƷû˼ɾĶ
ڴߺˮ
ã羰ҲƯżܣסͲôˡ
ҪʯϺʪء
÷Ļ¹·Ҫù
̾ͼǵСʱ÷ǼΣȥԺֹﲻ·ù
Ҳŷԭ·Ҳܷù
𣿿Ϣк˹ء
˹ذ޷ŵԱߣߣȻ̾ûͷһ˹ȥ
̫ãɽ·ߣƨۣȸҲۣ¾վˡ
ֵǮ̫١
һܳʱͲףҪĥӣŲĥƤΪʹɥʧս
ҪϹˣҪʱѵʵս
ѵĳɱܸߣɱﲻļ۸񣬻оֵ
ֻҪǮҵ·ӣֵȴûôˢ
ֲϷԱֱֵǮӣˢˢȥˡ
Щʥ񡭡̾˿Լѡɡ
̫ϲʥ񣬵ͬʱ֪ʥҲΪһȻҪпػ
ȻŴĻʵҪǷ췴þȥˣҲûĸʵİ췴Ŀ⣬Ϊģа췴ͷĿ
ǧ˼˶ݲ£ôݵˣ
̻ͦġ
ҵˣҪȽ⡣Ҫռһ¡
һţ
̣˳ģԺܵ١
صĲܵõӡ
˼ڼ͵͵ʲôҪ߳ʱû
˹Цҵ½ˣĵǲеæôùģǽȨ
̣
˹Щ𾪣ôֱӰʥǴ
̣Ϊȶģ˳ˣ֮˭嶼һ
ǺҪҵռ
׿˹صǣҲûôɵɱʮֻҪûаܹȻ͹ˡ
˵˭硣


225 
ҹ ̷ȥ˯ţʪ̫أ ûгҧ ܾ
˯ҹȻʪ ̶֪Լ̫ʪô
ǿ˹ءƤ񡱣 һ㲻Ӱ졣
˯ţ˹صȻҲ˯ˣ˰ҹڴ졣
첻֪ж˸һɽ̷˸ ſ˹صĲ
ۿٴΣ ̶ÿ˹ÿˡ
Ů޹أÿǳԽԱģǵôԽ֮ǰȽϲһŮǣ Ůװÿ һȺ໽Ҫš
˹أ׼ôǣ
򴽣Ҫ˰ȥҮҲֵأ ȥ˰ҮҲǻعϱС
Үûб⣬ǣҰҮҲûʲô ÿճϢõǱЩʥӰ졣
˹¶˵¾ڽǰʲôҲѹ
̺Ȼ˵֪ɭû˹¶
֮ǰüħȥţ˹¶˵ʱ׼
ֱ˹¶Ǳߴţ ˵ڸؿڶפˣ ⶼüˣ Ӱû
˹룺ǲߴ·
·˵ǳʥǵʱ򿪵·
˹أ֪·Ŀģÿôȥ˶ӣҲͶ࣬ӦԼ·ȥ
̣
ǵˣûǹȥģȥҲõ죬ȥĶҲǸ⡣
ο˹¶ʿԱůųǣиǿķԡ
ɭľӣʱǾƣߣõĻǴ¾ͻ
¾͸ûʲôɵĵˡ
̻˯ţȼڿ˹صĴϣԴڿ˹صľߣС˵ϾҪʼˡ
˹֪˵ʲô˹ֻĳ̵ı
̣һһλ˲뿪ʥǣ£Υɣܹúܲ
˹أԸġ
̣֪
ֻЩ꣬ҲѲųΪ˿ϵ˹ĹҲڵĹֻһĸ𣬴ɺõǲƿأһӹܵĹ͹ˣʲô
ǡˡ
ûԽʿĻǻӦû뵽ʥԺİ취
ϵ˹ô쵼ߡ
һҹû˯ڶɽʱǺŵʥԼֻǧˣ󲿷ֶŮˡ
ˣЩ³̻º֣ЩҪΪʥԺؽڡ
ó뵽˹ŴʱǲֵǮģкܺãûҲ
廹Ⱥ߻ƣѸټҲټϹ˻ϹĵܵͷҲףŻңݷҲûʲô
ҳϺ࣬Ƕλ߶λߵģǾùϵ
սʱڣԼĸҲټѹһˣԼĸɹˣתͷصĸĻûʲô
Ʒˣǡࡱ
ӶԾӶɷλҪһȥλߵһ˿øУܵõ΢Ļر
Խλ߾ͶλԽġ
ѹȵʱˣͿʼԸؽڡ
ͬЩʥǾʥԺõʲôأһ䲻ʵֵĳŵ⣬ʲôüĺôûС
ǲᷴʥԺᷴʡԼȻøϿı׼ȥҪܹѹȵĶ󡪡ǵĺӡ
峯أҲŮ˷㣬ΪʱġŲСһΪʿǹûеļҹ黳ȥҷ
ʿΪ˻ԸͷڡӡǿԼŮͳǾͲ̫ʧܣϾǱסˡѪԡ
ǿѹߣѹȸߡ
һѹȥͳ˸ܲ͸ļ롣
ʥԼСᣬɼ룬˴ͱ롣
ԶϹ
ΪЩ˾ʱġѱֻ֪һֻˡ
峯ʱЩ˻ף⽨ƵսᣬҲЩ٣ʵʹ
̾˿ɽϵˣû˸ͲԼɽġ
ûʥԺת֣ǵʳܻƷûΣûйߣʱȻɽ
صʥʱѾˣһ·ҲûǿΪ̵ıפǵĹؿڣǿҲ֪Σգôˡ
Ǽ֮ǰ˹ǵС
С˼ӸͶϵͶúܿ졣
Сʾ֪ԼôܸɣĳСǵܲˣҲԲᰭ¡
ֻԺҪҪǸ˵һ˫ַϡ
СϣǿЩŵ㡣
Ҳû˵ֻǰٵӦ
صù֮󣬺úõϴ˸裬Ȼÿ˵ƵҩĨʪϣЩҩϾǲҩģûᴿЧҲҺʪأȻʮ¶òˣһ̾ӭͷ˵˹ˡ
ֻһ˯¡ɫģȹӲࡣ
ͷʪģԼҲôעֱȥ˼˹ء
˹ûһȥ̫ϲ˹أҲǿ
˹ؿ˺ܶ࣬˺ӣӳúãҲֻ촽ĺӣ޵ĺܺãͦš
ˡ˹ȸ񣬳̰ڰ֣ԼһߣԼ˹˵ɡ
˹ҲȥҲûзϻ֮˵˼塣
ЩԾ죬ôĶ
˹أȻǼĶӻӼ̳оλ
˹̾˿ҪǲΣ˵Ǽ£ˣǼ¡
ɱףȴѡ
ɱ壬˵Ҳֻһ仰£ֻҪȰƭȻ£͸ˡ
ɱˣͶϵĹãȶ˹ļ塪ϾˣλͲᵹȻᵹҲͲᷴ
෴ǻΪ£Ǽңͼֺ󣬵õôΪˣҪࡣ
ЩûбɱĹҲ̫ţϾһֻų켺£ģɱġ
һúܣԽĹǻʾҳϡ
̣⣿
˹ҡҡͷ̾ϢˣѾǰˣڱƵ˾
ʤطŸз
֪Լõ˲࣬ǶΥѾûʲôɹ˼ɵˡ
Ϊ˼ɣŸ롣
ǹվڹȨĶ壬ǰûʶԼʲôʶˣȻͲ
ǳ̣Ҳɱ
һŮˣҪ˸ŬȥסȨ
κҪȨģĵˣԵˣʹ̵ֶΣˡ
ù;ʿ˹غȻ˵ôµķ䡣
ü񷨵ɣɫʣʲô䣿
˹Сˣƽ񵱱ܵõλ
ǰǹר
ƽ񵱱پֻͳǵĹͷϡ
գգ۾ΪҲǴԽġ
عôɵģȻΪʲôع˳䣬˴Ӳࡣ
֮ǰǴԽġ
̣һǵ˰ɡ
֮ǰιҲǵĲҡ
Ƕ룬ҲǼ£ƽŻȻҪԹķڷеܲ˳У̶ܸɵС
ɱ˹壬ԼˣǲĿŵķ
ʱȭͷʱ򣬹岻벻
̣ȸȵʿжˣһȥġ
˹صĺȻ۾ǿȣˡ
̶Լ˹ЦЦʱˡ
˹ؼ˫߬ȭͷͣĶҲ࣬ˣһ뵽һϾҪˣҾ޷ƽ
վļ˹صļ򣺡ˡ
ȷʵˣʮԴûɧңΪЩĶӺܿλתƣЩԭļ̳ûնԸҪæŴԼĵܵؾλ
ûҪ죬Ĺ忪ʼˡ
͵ĶǼȹصǱʯǽӣյȫա
֮ҵµദʽ
ˣָʴȿ͡
ȵʿȻõĺӣɽε˼죬ûԵˣʿֱˣҰҰ˳Ųʹɽ⡣
ʥڵĵطǲȥ֮ǰȺ˻ڡ
ǲụ̂ȹھдСĦ˶ңӮ֮ʲôȫ¡
֮ǰȺ˲ǵĵӡ
ΪԷɱ˶죬ΪԷ
ЩźĳǴδġ
ܲ˵սľ
ûԵˣٲɽʿᡭСڽߣС˵
ԼҲ֪ʿ̣ΪʿҪԱûԣʱ䳤Ǿͻģͻܡ
ʱûʲôһʤսܼʿˡ
Ŵ˵ɽ
ǼһʤֻѡСĳС
ҪӮƯ


226 
ɽ֮صʥһ£ ӭջļڡ
̵ʿɰҪС˿Խȥ˹¶˿Բ̲飬 ЩʹʳֻܸĵȥУֱӰʳ̡
Ҳеһµʱ˲ٴ󳼡
ʿ̵ʿҲһЩͻ ЩСС֣ٳ̵ʿһ˵ĶûУ е˿ڡ
ڳ̺û׼ԷӲӲԵѵ÷ƽ˾һʱ䡣
ϵƽ࣬ ʳ֮ ָֻЩ
ټѾˣ ʱҲϽһߣ ֻˣǵȴûбá
߶ǴŻ̻̲ı飬ڵƽ͵ģܿҪȥ
ƽʼڻʳ ˵Ǽ죬 ƽǵһпԵĶȻڻ˵ʳ
Ƕӣڽйʱ˼꣬õСһû٣ Ƕȫˡ
õҲǱƷ κͲ Ķһ㣬 ˶һˡ
ƽֲɵȥ궬ѩ³궬ô˭˵׼ڵ㶫ܺùһЩ
ʥ΢Ǯ˼ңڶʼ·ľ̿ˡ
Ҳɽľ
ʱ䳤ʱ̣Բոץˣ񶼲ܵ
˵һľ̿ޱ˹¶κͲѬƺõ⣬мѼһֻرʣҮĻʳ
ҮСǱطĺãʮֱ
̵ʱԵͣҲȱˮˡ
ļѼ죬϶Ͷרĳӣ죬⻹ʡ
ƳѬ⣬ڣп֮滹ġ
̳Եʱǽг̼ĺڿõгƬǼ壬ôֱкպ϶㡣
һ⣬յ˹ߡ
˹ſ죬㣬ΪѬƹˮûʵô࣬ԺнԽԽ㡣
˹ֵĵͷ
̣갢ҮգļѼ˺üȥöʮ
Ҷǣ֪ǿֺڣԼ̧˼۸
˲ٽҺҹҶġ
̣ǮҲôֵǮ˻С
Ѿڴ˲Ǯˣ֮ǰҵǮȻ׷ѣҲҪҹˡ
֮ǰĴճ̵Ǯ̵Ϣ̵ĻһЩһ㶼Լǵڼ顣
ֻĺ÷
Ϊʾã̽һѬ
һô㶫ҪǻһʱҪһ˵š
ʱЩǺöǳⶼô˰ԡ
Ҳǳ̵һ򽻵
е̾㲻˵Ҳᶮġ
˹¶˶Щ֡
ǿϴ⣬Ȼ⻼иԱ߻񣬵ǰԼε˰ʺϵλӡ
˹ԱЦ˵һѬ
Ȥվߣȥ
˹ظŮͶûλˣŮ͵һۣϵЦҲδ
һѬ⻹û˰ᣬȱ⣬ֻǲȱҳԱԵ⣬Ů⣬ͨһ굽ͷԲΡ
ô⣬ֻļѼ죬ƺŵζôֱ࣡һɽ
վԱߣˮˡ
ȻҲû뵽ôֱʡ
ǲģѬͻˮһ룬һ룬ԸˣҲԸѬơ
һóȥЩϣҲһֶصķζ
ҳ٣۸ȻѬߡ
󣺡ô˵
һŮС˵˵˹¶͵ʱ乲͡
㶡
˹¶
֮ǰûȥӴ˹ľλԷûиκλظ
ʱɱס˽ʥǵļҪ
˷ֲŸԷϾôʿǣȻԼıȥһʱ򼴱ӮˣҲḶԳܵĴۡ
Ȼûж֣Ҳֻܵʲô֪
˿ڴ˵ЦݣȥŰɣ˶Ե㡣
лϵı飬֪Ҳǲˡ
ʥǵԽԽߣҪ˸ҪԲˣҵĲƲģҶģȴûжǮѵǱĽ̨óȥ𣿻ǰ׻ƤóȥЩҪˣѵҪÿ쿴ſյ
Ȼд⣬ⲻš
Ѭ̫˷ѣ򵽷ĳ⣬ߵļŮͳԣôҲǹġ
ֻ˳Բ϶ѡ
һߣǾ˷ܵΧľ峵ԱߣǿһֻֻѬѼѬֱð̹⣬ˮҪ˳ˡ
Լƨɡ
ҲԼƨɣƨʣ
ѼȣѼ㡣
ǿЩ⣬͸Žɽһ
˹¶ģ˵Ժ󻹻͡
ǵȻģ˹¶ʥԺģʥԺûˣȻҪ󡣡
ھԡ
㿴ңҿ㣬Ȼ͵͵ĲһֻѬٽûˡ
Ѽô࣬һֻҲû˿óû˵Ŀ
Ǽ֮󣬾͵͵ܵӻְѬ˺Ҳ̼ǲƤֱԡ
ƨձͷλߵˡ
ΪֻǶ˹¶
ЩͶЩӣʵڡ
ôǻմ⡣
صڣϣ˹վߡ
˹¶ҪʲôȻʣǴ˹¶ģӦܲ³
˹֮󣬳ȷʵûȫμ˹أ¼˹ذԼҲü˹˵ľ滰
Ǽ˹ش߿ʼⶼǶġ
Ҽ˹شκιߵ̫һжϡ
˹صͷ˵Ȼ˹¶һʱ䣬Ǵû˹¶£Ҿ˹¶Ӧġ
󣺡Ҳ֪ģǻҪһòֻ֪ͣҪʲô
˹سĬš
ԳЦЦʥǣ󻹲˵Ļãʿڳ⽨˲ٴׯ
ЩפҪʿȻҪסĵطܲһֱҰӪӿǾԼӣ˵ľݣٶȿ죬͵ȡġ
ʥǶЩСׯΧסˣҪЩסĶʿ
󣺡ʲôܸ𣿡
˹أ£Ҫô˵˳ȨˣֻһСطѡ
ЦЦҵȣǶ˹һҲֻǸ˹ǣĶѡ
˵ҲֻǸĺ
°ͣ΢۾˹۶죬ŵʱŶأ˲Ҳ߽𣿡
󣺡˹ۣ˶ٳ̣ҲǴۡ
˹û뵽۽磬˶ΪԼľͱӦԼģ壬ûһһвӦõġ
ƺ˶϶ūūˣǹ壬ܸı䡣
浱¶˵ڡ
˹˿ĭ
Լڡ
̾˿֪Ӽ˹ʲôʲԺ󣬾ͻü˹¡
ȼ˹ˣŮͲŴһ߹£ȡ
𣿡Ůʡ
󣺡ǰһֱ˹¶ˣֱҲôãֻҲܿ϶
ŮƲƲ죺һڵߵ˶ѣͶǣҪǶģֱɱ˾С
ҡҡͷ˹¶ˣеãŰɡ
Ůͣ¡
Цһڲ˹¶ң
Щʿͷϵһѵ֪ʲôʱ


227 
չ ùݵĳæµָǡ
ԭùĳùֻסųһˣ ҲͿʼֻΪһ˷񣬻ѧ˲²ɫ Ķ˼
ڴ򵰰׵˵űˮϴ򣬸㡣
Ȼֳһ˵㣬Ѽⴸɵ磬ˣ ÿ 
Լ ɴûԼôһ죬 Ǳ˺õ㣬Ҳú̫࣬ ùݹġ
ҪǸ嵱ǲŽз⣡
í˾ϣ̿ ʱùݴߡ
 Ҫ˾ Ҳȴùݺá
ԼƵСľѼⴸԺĨϣ Ž䡱ƣû̫ ⶳ
ȻͿʼѡҰˣ ЩҰ˺ʣ ҲۣһȥɽժģָһϣЩҰ׼ɽӣҰ˶ϼҰ˺㣬ۣӵҲǳ̽ģû˲ϲ
Ũ׼ɶ˸
Ǽ弦ţŨŨĽ֭ȥû˻᲻ϲ
Ʒ⣬һۡ
ĲɫﶼǸߵˡ
ҴģҲûгԹζʳ
æòɿҲûõȥҲͷһη֣ԭùôطҪɨȥ๤ȥˡ
Ǹ˹̨ϣ˹̸ʲô
Ĳɵ˵̸ʲôʱᡣ
˹ûʲô飺ֻҪ֧֣Ӧġ
ЦЦǰ
λѾãûз֧ᣬֻҪںһѣ֪ĲҲԿλջ
ʱĿᶨĴˣȴ˸塣
˹ס̵֣գ˵Ҫĺܿܵ֡
̴񣺡ֻ֪Ǿãһ̫죬Ҳ֪Լû׼á
˹û˵ֻĿų̣
ԥãʱģ·ֻԼꡣ
콥ģǰ滹ʿ·һʿɢȺǰ󶼲ƽվ·߿֣ӳڿȥʥѾָһЩЩο
֮ǰʥһʱҲ£ֳܱҵͷˣ˻ôԸȥ롣
Ůͷ³ùݡ
˭뵽ʥǲ۵ùݣȻʥͷʥԺĽ
ûдصֻһƷĳۣŮ͸ʿվ̨ӭ̨ס
ʱѾվſڣȴߵԼˡ
Ŀ֮£һ̣쵽ǰʱ򣬳΢΢ͷһʾء
ϵıһ㡣
վһҲ޿κΣԸһǺõġ
¡̳΢Ц
Ҳ˹֣֣
Ȼûȥֻ
һҲһ£رܵ⣬˭ȥ˭ɵȱ
˲糯ߣγûкˡ
˵±ϴμʱɫ˺ܶࡣ
ЦŻصˡ
û˵仰ʱȴǶʶһ졣
󱻳쵽˷ֱڳˣϰŻƿ̨վǽߣûлܣƺĻûһ棬ǿųʣҼǵʥԺׯ԰ô˹¶
̵û˵ٻƭֱ׵˵ׯ԰̫СǮ̫٣ʱ˵ΪߣˣʣһЩǿ˵¹ˣҾʹȥ˵¡
ʣ˹¶
̣˵٣˹¶ǸеתվǶҪȥ˹¶нףλӺܺã˹¶ԺôҽֵҲ˳
ЦЦʱɷûʱҸһҲȥ㡣
ʥǶ⻼ϣȥԶе¡
ɱȥʥԺ͵÷졣
ʥԺûй㣿˿Ѿơ
̳˵æź͵ֻʳʥǡ
Ѿƣʱ⻹ȥģ׼ȷ˵һѳֻ̣û϶ѡ
ƽƺѹ֪¡
˵һˡ
һгƬѬ⣬˵ζΣ̺Ư滹˵Ұ˵׺
òǱȳ̺õö࣬Ͷ֮ʹŹŮеʣ˵ʱһĻɿ뻭
ЩѬѬģζܲµʡ
̣
󣺡ʿ˹¶ǲ£
̵ͷûɹҴ˻ȥ
Ĭ˼룬ʱֶ˵ʵ˶˶ζ֮󣬼ˮۣ̾ͺϲȡ
ȻҲϲӼûͣԺ˵ׯ԰ɼеװɣ
Ц˵´ӹٱڵ֮Ҳס
ų̵۾˸һӶӣϵЦݶˡ
̻˻֣ǽߵȫ¡
ֻʣ³̺ˡ
ޱʣҪʲô
˼ʱ͵ǰľλӶԽǲҪͻΪҪĸࡣ
²Ҫš΢Ц˵ҪʲôŶҾͻ
촽΢
̣ҲҪλ
Ŀ
ڴ˿̣һӣһĸףһ͡
̣ҪΪ󹫣ԵĻϣһιҵĺӡ
˵⻰ʱᣬĿ
Ҫ˵˵ĺҲѪͳοĺӣ˭Ӻ͹
ĺȻ
˲˳̵Ļ
боҪʥǣʹͶˡ
ûС
ܾ˹λӣΪҪ࣬ĻҪ̰
Խ̰Խǰģ˲Ҫˡ
ҲİʾֻҪܵϴ󹫣ֻҪĺӣǾͽһ
ԺλģҲǵĺӣʱ̼㲻ǹΪĸףҲˡ
ɰֻйͬ棬ǲվͬһսϡ
һ䡭ֻҪǹĺӣ˭
˼֡
Ŀؿų̣ôĻĺҪһɣ
Ц֪ЩеĹ岻£ҵıȥץμļʽ
ʧʽ
΢΢ƫͷô¾ʮŲˣȴһ
Цţħڵ
λǣ֧㣬ʱȥ


228 
һ磬 Ҳûи̿ ˳һ
ʥǻԶĳе֣ЩλͶӾ߻в
Լʿӣ ҲԼʿ Լ ٻмһˡ
Ҫó⣬ ÿ̵ͶС
뿪ʱҲûߣó׼ķ۵ȫˣ Լȥ͡
ѳҲߣҺóһ Ҫ
Ȼ˵Ķ˵ˣ̾׼սپ ṩһһʥԺֻҪ죬вС̹һ£ ԷıԼң ܸˣа߲˹ȥ̤ƽ
ԽԽã ˷ӦĻᡣ
ּ· ƣ Ĵˣ СҲͲΪǡ
ҪǰѶƽӰ콵͡ǰʷ飬ϰմ򿪳Ͷӡ
ƽͷĴǵͼģ縡Ƽʶ֣ûм崫Уָֻ֪Լĸʲôܽе游Ķ٣ɾͼˣ¶ҪʲôҲȾӲ
̿ſ˹أ˰ɣȥĥһ¡
˹رҲûȥ˳̵ĻԺֻǵͷ
ͷǣȻбıҲ̵࣬ʱŽһ£һˣڲָߵ͡
˹ؾð˶ܲãǺϲ
һ˵Ǵˡ
ϴ˲٣ߵ˹ߣ˿˹صϣ󱳿ſ˹صţʿ࣬һˣôЩĹһ𣿡
ˣҪôϴԣҪôɱ
߸ʵʣʵʻǱȨ⣬ԿطͱȨЩ߼죬Ҳˡ
һͳ˧ʮϴĽͳľӣûҰģ᲻ҪࣿİҳϿ̵˹Ȩ߸ȥҳ
վھĽǶȥжĥɱ¿̫ˡ
˹۲ԼʵĴħ壬ȫϵԨ֮ȥ
ǡǡã̵ʱָӾӣˣҲûôǿʿǻȡ֮
ˣ̲Ÿһֱȥ
һžȨʿ𾴵Ľ̾ϴԣҲɱɱӺ
Щ˶Ǹһ·߹ģ̻ϣԼĴ
ٳ̲жĥɱ¿
ǺܿˣʥǽҪٴο֪ͨԺ˿
ȫγֻ̣ûиѡֻܶһѣĳ̲ƷңĻ취ס̣ԼδʱΪԼıȡô
ͶͶ̫죬мܡ
ȥɳ̡
ʥǵĵͨˣԼʿڸҪ
˲ʳ
ѣҪΪ̰Լˡ
Ҫʲô˻ͷóȨƣԼֻа顣
¡Ů͹ͷ
ʱÿҪȥһùݣ˹¶ĵŻ
ŮҲϣȥΪÿȥ˹¶һЩģһ˳Բ꣬󲿷ֶЩŮ͡
žԼܾûпԼˣǵԺ
ǸСŮʱվӣԼм룬ٰߣŮ͸Լȹӡ
ǲ֪ʲôʱʼ;òûôҪˡ
ǶΪǹΪʲô
ǶİͺޣԴȨ͵λ
߰ɡվ߳䣬ʵܺͳദǸ۵ˣճ겻ãҲܻ˵˵ĻûһԼҲ˼ꡣ
ֻҲûȫΡ
Ը˵ΪǶͷΪǶ˹ҵĶӣδĹ㿴˭㿴
ǹգˣ
̫Լ£
ûססˡ
ҲҰģ綼Ƕ˹˹ǣҲǵա
ôԣȴԣ
ŷ֣ԭʱˣѿڵĲ
ǵĶܿ죬һ浹̴Ҫ˶ʱ䣬Ҳʲôս
ŸǹڵľӣľľҪʲôսһƽС
Уǰֻ˲£⻹ǰԶҲϣȥʱġ
һҲץʥǡ
ǵĳСǵȻû˹ˣµĺ͵ٵĻڣҲ
󲿷ֳжǿײŵģֻ岻ʱø⣬ȻóԺúȣúô
ˣ죬µľͻְȶġ
˵Ǿϲϣ̨¹һصĹ޶ûиоôˬ
һθоԼȨˣ
ЩģģӦЩһĽ¡
ɼǹˣҲԭǡ
·Ѿ˵ӣûϵ˻ǣҲûϵǻô죬ƺһգ۵Ĺ򣬶Էʹ˳ǣΧס˳ǱȻץȻǱץǱ룬ûеģֻܱľڼֻԼû˻Ὺǳȥ
Ѿκν߰ɫ
Ǿһɫ̡̻
Ҵˣ
ʵˣ

ѾʧȥȤ˻֣ǹϽ̼ܡ
УĿλиĳ£ˡ
忴ЩˣݺΣУСأ
ĸùתߣЩҪȡصСȻΪźʱߴλӾܸȡ
ȻһоӾᵽʥԱߵУһλ֮󣬸ĹӵǻΧʱ׼߽Źһģڳе̶ӡ
ʥڻµĻ붬ǰ
Ǵ˸Ʒ˶ˣҲͽȥ
֮ǰʮöͭҲ򵽵ΣöͭҲ򵽡
ǲƷ˹λƽȥҲҵǮ
ģƽ֮дϣĴԡ
ǰǵʱǿûڵ
ǣȥ궼ʲôˣھ˺ü
ЩߵĶ֪ڻûС
Ҫͺˡ
ֻûʥԺˣ˭ܸأ

ЩҲĶ
Ȼյ˳š
ŷ⣬Ƥֻֽдһ仰
ʱˡ
Űǰ
ĺԽԽ죬ҲԽԽ
ġҪǸλ
Ǹסֶӣλˣ


229 
ʱ ھˡ
֮ǰռݵĳҪ פĶʿ ҲΨհǳ˿Ҳ֪Աġ
Щ ԼҪ¡
Ů͸󰴼ʱ һڳ
²𣿡ŮСʡ
۾ Ůĸ ˵ǲˣǵġ
ŮͣµʲôĹǲģЩҪŲˣʱҲûΣ ¾̫ˡ
̾˿常Ӧÿ쵽ˣ常Ҽɡ
ûʥԺ˾͵ûһ常ҲǹھʥǺԶĵطʮǶأ常ǱȽϷĵģֶӵʱ常ûз ô˹ 常ӦҲᷴ
֮ǰкܶ׼ ҪٶǸӻԾ̶˲ʶ
áһȻⳤøͦ󣬵ǳûʲô𣬶ҿͷͦ󣬼ѼҲûȻ嶾ġ
˹ز̫ܽζű˵ô̱ǣʲô
Ц˵ݲ˾ͺܺóԣ˵ʱҲܷţ껹ȣԤ
ô˵ģûԤðĹЧҲܶ϶
ִ⣬ЩǶͷ⣬ִһ࣬ǸͷС˵㣬ɱһ㡣
ǰģ⻹ǳ˵ʱ򳴵ִƬ⹫Ǳˣʱǵ伸⣬Ȼ;ûζ
ⱾҲǺöж෽ԣڳԻ𵽷á
˹üͷ壬ٴУҪ
̵ͷܺóԵģ
˹ƫͷ˵һ㡣
ǿˡһ㡱
⣬̻˱Ķú̿
ڻú̿кʯú̿˶Ǹŵعġ
ú̿ãɱߣ۸ߣƽͨԸǮľ̿ˣ󣬾ȡů˵ľ̿Ҳˡ
̾ͽ˰Ǵú̿ȫ˼ʴĶֱӰú̿ȥ˵¡
ֵȻú̿ãľ̿ûѡ֮µĴƷ
ԽõúԽõĸ֡
ڳǮϴ١˵ʱ򣬼ҪĶ׼ˣҲյ˲μӼʽ
˳⣬˹Ҳյˡ
֪˹صĹϵ
ǻҲ߶ɵġ
ΪûϸƶĹأŮ˽ûзչӻڷգŮҲм̳ȨҲټͬҲܳᱻ˵ࡣ
Ȼ׼̻أ粢⽨
μǰһ죬Щͷ۵ĿʹĽ㣬˹ҲС
˹صˡ
㲻еԵϣǱȽӲӣߴСҪӲȥ
ˣнס
ϱࡰ次ˡ
Ȼڻû˿°ںһĻ߰û١
Ҳһ
ΨһСϢΪǰкɫģǴɫ
ֻǰнӺͱʯ롣
˹أҾʹ·ȥ
̣ǸһӰɡ
˹أ
룬òҲûʲôʱУʽǺԻģ˶ţòࡣ
Ҳͨˣֲ·ûԾͰץһ١
౻˶࿴ۣû¡
ڶȥʱ򣬳̺Ϳ˹ؾʹƽʱ·Ҳûȥˡ
·ϻ˲Ĺ嶼ǰʥǣҵסĵطź˺ͽ͵Ĳμʽ
ȥ͡
Ҳ͵ľͲǽˣϺõ޲ȾɫģʲôɫУЩǮ򲻵٣⻹һƣһǡ
ǲǼ۱Ȼƽ
ҲǳͷһĴĽѾ˵ʽķ񣬵ڷչ׶ΣʥԺĽʷÿι޼Ҳĵϸڣʱ䳤ˣֲһġ顱ǽַͬĵ񻨣ǰʯ϶·ֻѾĥĲġ
ĴŲ򿪣ĴŴأ꽨ʱƾͼׯˣԿŻϽ̡
ûʲôµʱ򣬶ǴӲŽǶ
һֻ
ˡ
¹ˡ
̺Ϳ˹ٹ嶼̨ϣΪ˱ʾҵĸһȣ̨ҲŪúܸߣĵػҲ̧˲٣֮ǰߵĲţǵһߴţͷһβ˵ĸо֪ҪϽ̵ʱ
ԭʱѾнˣܸ硣
ֻҲûƹ㿪
ͨ㣬ͨѶ㡣
֮ǰû·ʱ˹¶Ǳߵ˿һӶʥǡ
һ̨ףһ߸ʶ˴ʶҲûʲôƤ
Ҳ˸̴
ľ֮ǰǸСܽţһ˷ܺͺ涼ûУͷȫǺԼΪĹƨΪͳ̱Ƚ׽ʹյ˳ߣ̫¿˹غ
ҲСĨ˰ѺҶû뵽Ҳյ뺯
ϾĳСֲۣôʥôŵһʥǡ
̿СţͳԷЦЦûʲôϵȥԺҸطţ˵С
Сһڳ󡭡ҪˣڵĹô죿
̣
ʱżΪֹûйɷѶ
ƺҲûȥĬɷ˲ڣ
װɵ㶵ĹҲ
ҪҲΪǵĺ治ͻǲȨԲô
ܸǺôǹûʲô£ǾͶԲں
̫ʵˡ
̣֪
С̾˿Ҳ֪˹ôҪܼһ˰ͺˡ
̣ˡ
˰˰㲻ˡ
СҲԼڳ˵Σɵͷֻ̾˿
ֻ͵ʳƵװƷ
ûٸС˵ȥǼߡ
վҲһ̨ϣתͷ·ʱ򣬲׵ΪʲôҪôߵ̨ס
߶ȿȥƺ̨µˣĽ¡
ҵǲһͷͼ˶ڽ¡
۾
ڵأ
ֻάҡҡ׹ǿ档
̵ǺȻһЦס˿˹ص֣Ȼ̧ͷ˹ػһۡ
Я߽š
ǽȥ󲻾ãʿһת̣һȥƶš
һص
Źˡ
Ҳζţʽʼˡ


230 
߽ ӶѾںˣ Զ̨ϾҲͿ˼ۣ ȥЩû
̺Ϳ˹˸ô۵Ľţ½ ҲǸѡλ
ǰھλߵĹ壬ǲһȫǹ谮Ĵ󳼡
˶ڲ²˭ᡣ
һ ֹƺᵱ£ֵġ
û뼯Ȩģô ӰͳΣ ǲô׵Ľλ
û ôģôͻȻҪ¶⡣
̴յ˹ضߣ С˹˵⸽Ĺ嶼ˡ
Ҵ඼ŷˣ ǴŸӷȹӣ ̬ǧϣ ˵
ΪȹŻûԵʣ ǵĻûú
ֱڵĹվԱߣ Ⱥ ʶתͷſڡ
ʽûôӣ ʱҲֻһϣ Ҳطʲôݽ
ſڵʱھ͸ˡ
һ޲£ף°ڿЩȹӣҲһսһǶ˱ʯĻ˿һͬ׵ĺɫ񣬶Ϸ觺飬ǰŻƽҲŻƽ²żͷЬ
ͷ߸ߵͷҲװŲٻƽʯ
ҲǵһοôʽŶأôƷֲʽʱ̣Ҫٳ㣬˵ܱЩƷѹ̧ͷ
ʱҲĳֻܻɪͷװιʯ
ǵĿ׷һˣӴſڻޱ飬°࣬·ʱ򲻼
ȳ̵Ŀٴתʱ߲֪ʲôʱվһûĹ壬ѾЩˣӻףͷҲˣͬһʮֻűҪѹˡ
һǰûΣĿһֱλ
̫ˣμԼᣬǴʱ˿̣ͨ·ʱȴúƽ
ƽ⣬һ˿ֻš
Լĸ磬ҲԼֶӣñǸ
᲻Ҳǵ·
Ŵ
ʿھڵĹڱɺɫϸŵϡ
ߵ̨ǰΪ̨ףϥأ֣ƽͷ
дʣûͲԶĹ˵ʲô
ܲڳ衣
ȶԷˣ˫Ա߱˾ŵڣ֣صظͷ
ڵĹǼɻƽ죬ǼǶٿŴСȵĺɫʯǰһŷεĴʯи˺ü棬ĥĺֱʯֱ͢ʯôôء
ʹһƷܵϸĲӱѹϡ
֮󻺻ռȻʿ͸Ĺ˺һ̨ףվǰת
̨µĹǷ׷׵ͷ
һŰɫ۵СŮͷϴŻڣŽţվ̨泯ţͯ質𵱵ϰĸҥ
׸ĴӢĹʿǿ׳ǿ󣬹帩ףƽ񰲾ҵһôʷǳ޸衣
СŮҲһѺɤӣû֣ȴɶ
Ů֮ͯ˶վϵŮϹ
Ůһʯͷ˵ء
ˣϵ˹ӭʷϵĵλŮ
ΪǰμӼʽĹ׼磬Ůڳǰ⣬˶࣬һųŮмһ
ֻǾȵǣŮȻûаԼĺ
Ӽ̳˵ݣȥˣҲܱΪӺ͹
û˸ʡ
Ů֮ǰɱʱ۾ûգ
ֺܵõôܾͻǻǲҪȽϺá
Ůֵĺ򶨣ǵһεĿȾ֪ôһϺϸ
ϺõѾƱǶڻûвûи߽űҲûжĴõĶľｻƨǵƾգԼȡô
Լʮһ㿪ʼһֱŽ
ҲǱɧŶ
ϾȻôǰ֮䶼Ĵ˵
ǳԷʱŮ԰Լֱߵڶλ
һλǸ常
ܸӡ
Ů常ǸӽʮˣѾܳˣϾˮôϴ裬شС㣬ûҩҲ壬ܳٲǹ¡
ԷȻ˼άȴȻҲŮһţʹظϹ
ϾôȥȻҵһԱԶʥ֮û˼ǵˡ
һΪԼһӶزʥˡ常ЦǺǵ˵
ŮϸһᣬҪɭ壬ϣʥǡ
ɭҵء
ŮҵøҲӦʮ˰ɣԷˡ
øǸԴˣǰɭһֱѹӣͲ֪ʮǽʲôˡ
ɲҪĹһӴģѹ
Ȩȥ
ɭԸȥѹƶӣԸվԣȨ
ⶼҪϸ롣
ɭЦЦûһڴӦֻ˵Ҫ롣
Ůȵס˵
ɭ
ŮҲɭ˳̡
ɭ۾УЦ֪ﲻٻﶼǴ˹¶ģ˰˹¶ܵĺܺá
ǫ˵öѡ
ɭȻ˵õ˿ɲࡣ
ŮҲ˵̻Լľӣӽˡ
ɭ㶡
ЦЦ
֪ŮôѰɭŪߣҲΪɭԼġǹӡ
ܻƺ⣬ŮλӲĸȡ
ɭʱػʥǣز죬ǰֻŮֻҪǰڣŮŰε
䲻һ˱ó죬һҶĿ
̺˿ھƣתͷ˿Ŀ˹ء
˹һҲ˴Ҳûʲô̸ֱŮк֮Ÿ˹һ뿪
кܳһʱŮˡ
ȨԼŮҪ취ֻҪҵİ֡
ɳȴû̫о
Ҫˣʱ˹¶Ǳûɳԡ
°ͣץ˿˹ص֡
߳Ļͷһۡ
һͲǽˡ

ֿʼϼ·ʼʱ˶Ϊ궬ȥùϾвļͥڻʳͲ˼ͥҲѻھӱţȥ꣬ǲŷһͥ޵ģѧ˷ֹΪ˽ܸù
Ȼӹôǵ־Ϊתơ
붬֮۳ǣ󲿷ֵʳڳ̵ܱ߳еʳͣڻʳ̲ڳͰʳ֣Ҫȵߵʱ
ùݵı¯ٴȼľ̿
֮ǰ̻Ǯú̿Ҳͻ˵£õؾͰǶõĸ֡
ʱĳڱ¯ǰѿ¯ǳȻϴɾƤ͵Լǰ
ҡϣſ磬ˮȻ˹˵Ⱥڸʲô
ħ嶢Ⱥˣһ紵ݶ㱨
˹أǴ˼ׯһ
ֵеûȥǵģ
˹üЦûԼͷϣӶѣ˰ҲԼֻüǰ档
̣
ɵ󲿷ֹ嶼Ӧû¯졣
Ҫй嶼ŮҰģϵ˹Ҳ
ҵ𣿡
æ˵Ϳˡ
֮ǰһֱǿŵģϾƶߵ˾ͿǮ˹ģƶߵ⣬ǱҲƼ˹
ڵײƽм仹ǺзȨģмʲôֻҪܸṩסλӾȹ̵ġ
֮£һ˹¾̫ˡ
ŮѾȫ˦һߣǴûȡ
˹߲ˣزҲһǧɡ
ԼҲܲδŹʾԼһҵŮ³Լ
Ҫ˵˹زټæˡ
ŮһʼΪûˣֻü˹ʥûи׵ˣŮΧôˣΪãͲٰҼѱļ˹ؿˡ
Ů´˼֮ĵһ̴Ǽۡ
ֿõģΪѲߣ̻ûۣ֮Եǣǲˡ
ȻǼۣǾͲ֮Ǽ˵
ԭƽܽܣյǮ㶹ӻȥҲպϡ
һƽӶ򲻵
ĸ˲뷢أ
뷢ƵľͲᵱˡ
˵Ů̫ȫˡ
̿Цã˵˵ôȫ棿
ԾԼڳߣܵ˳Ѭգȶ˶ҪЩ˵ֻƽǻҪأƽôҲҪ˺ôУȻΪʲôҪģ
뷨ʵ˶ģƽΪкôһûкôˣƽ񼴱㲻ҹĸ£ҲСϡ
ȻҲΪкô
ŮֻһôһȻ᲻ˬ
ûʲôͷԣ뷨ʵ
һԱ˵ġ
˲ģΪûǺôΪȭͷ󡣡
ǾŮȭͷܴ˲˵Ļǻ취
˵ǰиˣ˾͸ʳ¶
Ǹͺһų̣ų̸Դ
ˮЦ˵˵Ķе
ŮȨȭͷ󣬿ǵҲȫ
̣ʱԵȥߣ˺ƽʲô
ͺһۣЩϲ
ʮº͵˵Խ࣬Խġ
ϣǸλӵʱֵûõˡ
ŪȨԽԽãʵ£ͷԴԽԽá
̵ʿʮ֮󣬾ھʥǲԶĵطפ˲ͬǱȥġ
Ǹԭд˹Сеı²󣬵Σյĸ֪и˵ټ󣬾뷽跨дţ˵ûͿ˼ҵ׸񣬱ʾԼԽɳ̵ʿʲôܣֻ۸ʱıԼ
룬ֱʿǹȥˡ
֮Եģ˹¶ҲСȥˡ
ʳĽĲǵƽڶñȴĻ͵ļ۸ľ̿ΣѬȵȣʿɵҲ졣
⣬̻ʿԳΧѲߣ˳䵱άΰ
Сĳнͼһ˿ڲСǣҲǻԻ͹ģһʱˡ
ôȥ϶аˣͼʵ
СȶһƢûУºôƽƽĹڡ
ƽҲйС
ͼƽ˵ʿפ仯ǣϳˡ
ʿﲻٶ壬Ů࣬Ů˼ⷢ彡˶һ˾ܿһľϣһЩ˵ŶɵĸֵžͺСľûʲô
˵ĵͼȫһӡ
ȾͼͨŮһסڿǱߵĵط㸻ԣҲرȥΪǮˣ괺Ҳɣְֺ͸ֻȥ۵Ǯûܴ¶٣Ҫ붬ʱţҪ޸һȳȵˡ
ΪǸ˼Ǯ
޹ȥ֮󣬼ܵõһǮ˭
ȥҲ
ȲԸȥǸˣԷȳȣƢܲãҪˡ
Ҳ֪˵޹ȥõģһ˶ܻ
ֻܼޡ
תȻˣ
Щͼʿˣ֮ǰࡣ
͵ǡ
ϲЩŮǴźһĿӣôߴô
ȣȥĶ迴Ҫܣæվֹ˵ˣҪȥ߼￴̸̸Ļ¡
ͺ£ҧ˵ҳȥܿͻģ
֪Ů£˵õѡȣ㲻һСŮˣ޹ȥ֮ܳԱӣǼҲܰ죬һ˶á
סԼĶ䣬һ䣺Ͼͻ
Ȼҡ
֪ܰҲӦΪͥǲġ
ʿפĵطĵĶЩŮ
ֻпǵʱȲҵһЩοһܴϿӣվһ𣬶Ǽ޸һȳӣһ˳ܵӡ
һȥӣʱδɷѵῴӵķ϶
֮Ͳţ᲻ͣӣĸһ
ĸ˰˸ӣֻĸֻˣٹ£ͻһˡ
δ̫ˡ
Լ󵽣ĶӻСС˴󣬶ĺӣȴ
ȶһ˫۾̰ĿЩѵŮ
Ů⣬ҲһЩŮţͷ˺Ů塣
Ů˺ŮţͷʹֻҪʳӪϣǵͬԸ
Ͳһˣֻܸ࣬ŬھӪ
Ǵǹ¶޴ȥҲԸҸˣͱξħѵ
ҲûΪŮ˾Ͳǲξ
ϾִŮ񶷼Ҵи񶷼ҵĲŻŮֱһսʤĸб
ŮҲܸŮ˽һЩλ
ŮбŬԾ
ȿһŮ˰һбſڵϣԼͣź
ŮԱ߽кãбԼӻȺ壬бȤ
Ů˵ǶҵĶ֣
֪Ů˵֣ݵˣ
ӪﾭĻʿǻսֻľ
Ů˺䣬жŴŮˣû
һֱô緢бս𾴡
ΪŴŮˡ
ŴŮˣȶΪŮˡ
н׳壬ܸɺܶ᲻ð޳ȥˡ
Ŵսҫ֮͵һȥˮֱһỊ̇Ĺѫ£Ƕ죬ҲҪӲˣ¶
һߺˮһ߿Զ׼ȥսʱһŶԴȻע
Ӫһ·һ٣ѵõļڣžȥȾơ
Ŵȥôʿ̫ˣͻȭѡ˼˰һȻԼ˸ƬյرȻ
ȾöŴ￴
æȥ±Ŵ￴ȻҲ֪Լںʲô
ŴﳯǱȥȶ󣬲Ҷܡ
ֱŴӲĵȵļϡ
ŵ÷һС
Ŵﱻȵļŵˡ
ȰŴСָͷͶ䣬ǰˣվҲֻȶôߣƾˣһȵļһȵ°ͣʹ̧ͷԼȻʣʲôˣʲô˵
Ŵв㲻˵ҾͰ˽й̽»ܵ㣡
ŴԼҲ֪»ǸɶӪ˵ʷǳߴϡôסˡ
ŵ彩ӲҲҶ֪ŴģŴȭͷԴ۾Ӣ¾η˵ҡרŹģ
Ŵһ㶣
ȱ۾˵ҼǿŮˣΪһˣ
ŴգգۣպͶȻˣȻջ°͵֣˿Լգȣͦǿġ
ŴţЩбҵĶ֣Ժù̹ˣҲ̹ܵ١
̹ٶ˹ش˵̹򲻹ǣΪΪɣһֱУϣսҲܳΪ̹١
Ƚڽ̹ٶΪء
ƺرá
ȲΡΡ۾ŶŴҡҲ뵱
ǺȻðͷ˱þ˰ɣ˾ã˶ͲҲü޸Ǹ˵ȳӡ
Ŵûһھֻܾ˵ͼˣ
ͷ
Ŵʣ㸸ĸͬ𣿡
ҧ´˻ƵʣǲͬͲ𣿡
ŴǵÿͣҪǳǲͬҲûУҪûͲС
۾ʮˣ
ʱʮ꣬õģŮ˸ɻʮҲ١
˽᲻飬ŮʮûıȱȶǣǮ˼ң֮䣬ͯǳ
һλʮӾȢųСﵽҵʱǸӤ
ΪĸǸҹֻһŮ
ҲΪ̫Сͻ;յĿĵؾزˡ
Ŵûôףͨ飬ôݣܵġ
Ȳ̫ģҡ
Ŵ룺ҪҲԣҽƶӻˡ
ҽƶǸƽʱȽеĶ飬æȴýżŸԭһֱ˵ģεĲԸתȥľöһ㣬Ҹ
ŴҲǼϸھӪҲȥҴһָһ˽̹֮⣬˸ûжɡ
̣Ҳһ֪Ҫ̣һҪûзӦʱ䡣
ҴҲ֮ǰҲ˵ŽᵱˣҪ˾֮⣬ǺǻֻҪ˾Ӫ
ѹѵյĻ˻ܿ챻ͬ
ȴӽӪųٵ쵽ҽƶӣȷϼҽƶӣ̶κġ
ţô򵥾ͽˡ
Ȼ͵õһʱȥʰԼĶҲԷڣϲĬˡ
ҽƶӵͦˣǲ̫ӭˣҪأֲ̬ʱʿÿ캰ء
˶ûޣ˹ˣ
ҽƱŮƽʱҲҪѵæϣȻƽʱò࣬ɴ̵ʱþͶˡ
һǮܺóԺúȹһꡣ
ڵʱȲԺĻص˼ҡȻȥȳӼ̸¡
ȣһ˶ߣųĿ
ȷſ˽ȥ
ôֻҪ޹ȥԺܲԺȣҲǶ˶Ľĺ£
Ҳ˵ȣûǮˣǣЩ˹κⶼǰˣٱˣҲܹ⿿ӣٱˣǵǮҲò˶á
ְ˵ȣǼԸöͭҡ
һʴǮˣ
˰з𽻣ҪǼһöҵƸ
ĺ£ھĽ۾ˡ
ǹȻȣ·ߵʱΨһѡ񣬼޳ȥٲҲܻһ
Ȳҹȥվſڣʱ׼ܣſ˵裬Ҳˣҵˡ
εҵʲô
ȵԭϴ¸ԺǮ˼ϴ·ϴһһööͭңѾһûһöͭˡ
ȣھӪҵ˹ͿԹȥȥҽƱ
̧ͷӪԸǲ֤Ҳбȱǿĵط
˵һֿ϶
һ˶죺ʲô
ȣʹˣҽƱһʮöͭңֵܷһС󡣡
ҪСֻҪǮǾܵõһöͭңҲ԰С󻻳ɵȵȡ
һ˶վ
ģ
ȱ˵̬סˣæͷġ
˵СݣֻܵҽƱ˵ЩʿһõһöͭңܵС󣬵ʿСֻۻǺΣۻǮ
ְæʣΪʲôͬȥ
ҲʣҲȥ𣿡
ǶĿƵؿҪˡ
ȵͷ˵׵ģȥһλˣҶûвܲܳԿ࣬Ҵ֮Ϳˡ
ȣӪÿԳһ⣡
һ˶˿ĭ
ȣһٷǺܳĺӣʱб
ûʲôܳԱջˡ
˵ϸ˵һ˵
Ȼǲҽȥ˵ӺҲˣϴ·ͷ첹·ˡ
һ㶣Ȼ˿ĭʣҲܳԱǮ𣿡
ȣÿõʮöͭңǰ
迴Լɷ
ܽȥȣ㲻Ҫƭˡ
ȣҴƭˣ
Ȼڸ˵Ľ̸˽ģ߽˷ӡ
ȼ޳ȥõһʱĺôȣҵǮŸãȲ޳ȥҲܺã޹ȥˣɷˣҲûκΰ취
лɣҲܺá
ҪǼ˶йǾ͸á
Ȼ̺ΣգûжΣա
ǰҪһȥҪܽȥãҪǲܽȥ
æ˵ھӪгԵģҪǲܽȥҾͰҵõǮʳǡ
һ˹ʶ
Ҳǿסģ֮ǰûѡ
ѡˣȻԼɻá
ȵڶһȥ˾Ӫ
ȵ赹ǺܿȥˣϾһֱȱˣò࣬øžһߣ˹ư裬ϴ·첹ΣջԼҵطأ˹¶Ǳߵ˶Ըɣһ¾ʮöͭңȥҲ١
ְûͨʹˣֲκսɣûܽȥ
Ϊᣬһǹˡ
һһ˾ȵİְûܽӪ
ȵİְӹȥȥ·һֱԹԼЩģʱҲǿ׳
Ҳûд̼
ȵõ׼֮͸ȥʰ
ӽ쿪ʼǾҪסӪˣ֮һ²ܳһΡ
ȵİְһ˼ﻹõһЩǮʳӪǰԤ֧һľá
֮㹻Ȱְ³Աˡ
ȵİְһڼеû£ȥѺھ죬˶֪ˣ֪бԣǮá
һʱ֮ͼŮھӪ⡣
ǲŲܴ򲻴̣Լ᲻ֻ֪ûǮһ
֮£ӪǸȥ
ͼ˰ǡ
δŮѾŮ˳̵ʿ
ԭ˵ľӣ䵽࣬ǳŮһжûСڳ⡣


231 
˼Сׯ ʱǳԷʱ䣬 ʿ𣬰ѶӺﵹչһ
ҪãʿչԱߣðǡ
һʿְѸɲݵŲݸⲻܹж׽ܸԼһ㰲ο
ŲݵʿԶ Ǵׯ ԭӵӣ ҲûǵӱùЩʳԭ˵Ĵ Ͳ࣬ôˣٳԵ㣬ɶ׳ˣʡųҲԲ졣
ڸȡʿ˿ĭ ڼҵԵġ
Աߵ˵뵽취ġ
һȺչޣڲͣʿˮ
õĶҲܵԣ ǿܵӡ
ؼˡʿͷɥ˵ ôã ȥ
˵һæȵ ܷ𣿡
ʿ졣
Ƕȥ ˵
ﲻǵļңҲϵ˹˵ԣʥԺ֮Ҳûٸʳ
ǰ˻滻ˣҲֻŻǰߡ
ĶǸȵƽԭǻڸײˣͨսͷ棬˸õսԺҲүһݳ޵ӡ
ҲΪʲôҪֻ̣֪ӦǶԸкôġ
ԶվһСϣŴ̧ͷ죬ߵС˵ʳˡ
üͷ壬ࣺЩׯ
СôˣٴһׯҲڸã
С˵ܿҪ붬ˣǳҪʳҪůʿҪǶˣǾͲ
ǵѾʮˣȴһǿʤ
Ӳ취ùԣô꣬ǰιһһΪùұøǿǮ
ȻʵԽԽ
ҧ˵ȥһ򡣡
һСһЩӣʿǶŶӣǰ˳ǺǾܳԱ
ѩ֮ǰЩϣȴʳҲ࣬Ĵ󻧶˲ʳʿǽʵʵĳ˼ٱ
ɲġ
Ͼ˲ˣԹ˾ûˡ
ִһСǡ
ݵϢҲ˸ȹĶ
£ǺϢҲܸˣ
ǵľս޲ʤⲻ֤ǵѡȷ
ҲˡⱲӶڴ̣ʹ˲ܴɶԴ̻飬ľӳȥ֮Ȼûʧһ֧ǿĶ飬ȵǿʢָտɴ
ڿϵ˹ңǵĻᣡ˷ܵ
ͶԿϵ˹ĹˣͿɲٸԣҲСȻ󣬵һزסˡ
ϵ˹ȻûжͿɲôֵأôḻĿĹ󣬻Ƕ˾ӵģһļ˸Ƚĵ֮⣬طûһģһᴩҵĺƽԭɽȣÿһιԿϵ˹ԾԾԡ
ιʵ֮ǰÿһιԸôĴԶԿʷϡ
˵ʥԺˣڸصĹ嶼ΧЩְԱͽ˲ˣҵòɿȵĴ󳼺Ц¶ˡ
£ǵĻᣡ
õĻᣬǾԲܷŹ
ȵĹҲĴҲô¾Ļᡣ
˵ܸ˹һĸٴκϲʵִͳһ
ǹϵ˹ʥǣǵʿһʮȿϵ˹ثָǿ׳ǿ󣬿ϵ˹ƾʲôռôõأ
ʱˣ£ʥǣ
ʥʿֻ򡣡
ЦһαҪһٹ֮ϵ˹ҾͲǸȴ򲻹ϵ˹
Ȱ˼Σҧ˲ɿڡ
ʹˣ˵ǻӹҲԣܵٻһҪǰһ¡
Ϊˣ˻¶Ϊ֮ò
ҹҲʵţܱʮ˻ҪܴǶǸȵսʿǺηǿ޵еսʿ
յԺ˶ɵˡ
ͳȥûңΪ±ͷԼ棬˿ɻء
ұǣֻұϲ
ɽΪʿ£˵Ǳɽġ
ܴӮСǣҲΪսʿǿ׳ܲ˵ΪӺСֻƽûб
յ֮˶˵ˡ
ûģȺǸɽ˸Ӱ
һֱţʱ䲻Ҳǽ֪ϵʱԽã磬ʿͻԽԽСҼ̡
ҲҴʿع
һҹ֮˲ͷ
С˵ˣ㲻ҪɽϵЩӦòҵˡ
һ㶣Ϊʲôô˵
СҵˣΪʲôûжնɱ
룬±ƵʣΪܵÿ𣿡
Ҳǵһ֪ܵô죬ҲǸš㣿
Сĵ˵ǴͷβûɱǼˣЩ˵ҲûǲɱΪʲôɱǣ
ŭˣǽǽʲôһ˵ꣿң
С
ֻܼ˵ֻ˲һˣյʱôֻô㣿ǵĿֻǱɽ
Ϊϣܸϵ˹鷳ȥʥǣҲֹǣ˵ǣǺ
˵һŽСĴ˼ˣƲƲ˵ܵõʲôôôҪõϵ˹ԼҪǸǺǿ϶
СˣûкԮģ
һ
С˵ʲôǸҲһģǣҲԷǡ
Ǳȣϵ˹ֱˣҾÿԴ򡣡
û˵˼ʵѾſˡ
С˵ÿһ䶼ܶһã
Сˣϵ˹ڶǱǸȣֻҪʥǣһǸʳ
㱵ʣǲأ
СɬЦЦˣǻܻȥ𣿡
˸
ܻȥȥһᱻӿԸļޣһΪū
ֻӹ
֪ܻ˼·

ҲǸոյ֪ȵʿ˼ǣǿȵƽΪūרڴ̵ūҲڻңսǾͻƽȳȥƽûҲûǿǣǻץסǰˣͬΪϵ˹˵ġˡȾԼ
ǲ壬ҲǴ֮ôͳΣֻ˳帽Ĺ
ôʱ仹ûдһ̡
ʱ򡰺ݡҲǼ
еĳлͶʳˡ
㻹ûʥǣʥҲʼĻ̡̻
˭Ҳ߾ƥǡ
ŮûҲӰٴ̧ۡȱʳķ㹻ǵ˶ٶٳԱԵջ񣬵ԸʳɳҲԸ
ūǱøˡ
ūūǺūˣǮز
£Ůʹæϣϵ˷׷ױãŮͨС
ŮվڴڣӳǱߴʿڵķﱥź⣬޲ûص֮ǰٰʥԺȫץܾĥ
Ǳˣ
ŮʹߵŮߣƽһºŮ˵˴˵˵ֱˡ
Ů޵ȺˡʥԺȺˣȻİѸ˽ӽ˿ϵ˹
ʥԺ뻢ıƤеȴ
ôޣ
Ů͵ͷ
ʿ̫࣬ķʲô£ֻҽ
ŮĬ˺һֻ˵Լ취
Ұѱȥڵλϣ˭ȨҪԣһʿߣǻʿ
ûбȨֻһŮˣһλһһȹյĺ
ŮͣЩˡ
Ůŭ˵Ļ𣿣
Ů֮ȥ
Ůվһ벻취ֻȥҰɭ塣
壬˾Աߣÿ쵣£ÿجξѣҵȸǵһжᱻӶᣬֻһУɭ壬޷ҵĿֻţȻŮҲֻһʧȥ׵ŮʧȥɷĹѸһмӡŮŰɭߣ޵ͷңۿͨ졣
ɭ˽ԼֶŮŮոճʱȥԼأ֮ʮʱûܻصʥǡ
ֶŮŮ˾ǾĻ䣬һ˪ήҲһŮˣƾʲô
ΪҵѪ
Ϊһ㣬ô
ҲҵһԱĳ
ɭһȰڵ˵£㲻Ҫģǿϵ˹ˣֻҪһ仰ŻԸʥǱ㡣
Ůץסɭ֣壬ǶǿסģһҵĻֻˣֻ㣡
ɭ̾˿ʲôأѾˣǸûʲôõˡ
Ůҡͷ壬ܰңҳŵ㹲ȨҲԸλø㣡
ɭһԾóλ
Ůᶨ˵Ҳÿϵ˹ҲǵĳԸ⣬ҿԶŮݣλļ̳ˣȻ޸Ķӣҵõܡ
ɭǺţЦǺǵ˵£ˣûôҰġ
ŮеıԼ֪㲻ţ壬Ҳ¸˵бһ˵Щʵûб
ɭסˡ
Ů˵ȷʵʿʿֻǶ˵ģȻΧĹôҵĻôҳΪ
ʵֻһ಻ʿмǧū
Ů岻ңҲ֪ôȡ壬壬ھԸ⹫ŮݣõܵĻԼ
ɭһ֣ŮļóĿ˵֪㲻ףһдš
ǵڶŮ̳˵ݣĶŮ
ŮѾܾûгǰˡ
Ϊף̳˵ĳֿ֣ʼ
ŮԼε˰Щת˳ȥȻڻʳʳ̫ãҲԣֻҪ˳ԻӾС
ȻѸٵĹŮͱǶ˹ĻԼ
һ
֪ʱ򻹶Կ˹ظ̾һСˡ
ŮȣԼʿλȨԼŮ룬Űɭͷҵ͵ù˷֡
ͼԽ̬࣬Խ͵ĵ
ֻӮҲվЦ
ڻʤ֮ǰܾһд衣
˹Ц˵ҪĻûУҲλˡ
ǸȨΪȨ
̣֪˻ʲôʱ
ıȰɭľ磬Ǿòðɭľ·ϵʱ򹥹̾˳ˮ۵ıŮλȻڹѺɭڳðɭľȥ޻ء
õԤ룬ʵ᲻ᰴԤߣǾһ¡
Ҫģǿˢƽĺøжȡ
ȼ׼𣿡͡
ڹƶߺ̾һ
͸ų̵ʱҲˣǰпڣȻڳǰ˸죬ó֪ˣż̻˵仰ûеõãڳڿίΣǰһˣ׼ˡ
̳ЦЦ̫ţúøɡ
ƴģΪ˶ҲĸԸṼ˶ҵ
̰ڰ֣ȥɣúöţѺ±ɻ¡
͹ȥ
˹ߺ˵ʵ
̵ͷʵ̫Ҳá
ʵִƫԴʣʵ֣Ǿͻ뵽ǩһֽ֪ͨű׾
ͲǺУҳϣԳԸȥһЩݴʸߵĹһĳݴʵͣǾҷȥġ
˹أҪҪȥϢ
̺һڳ˹֣Ȼ㱧һȥ
˹վߵǰȻѳ̱
̣
ȻǺܽܣ޵ƣ繫
ǲǸҿ˹ûȥ
ڿ˹صĻЦ
˹زԣЦʲô
̧ͷǿ˹ص°ͣûЦʲôֻǾе㲻˼顣
յʱֻĺһ㣬ϣǲҪشС㣬ΪֳϣﲻҪʭӣϣһ㡣
֪ߵڡ
б仯ĵط
Ϲܼұ˹¶Ҳ˹¶ȥ˰˿˵£غͿ˹¶
˺ͿҲ˹¶иˣǵֺͲǵֵˡ
ǶԶȥ
ֻп˹Զߡ
Ŀڿ˹ǰ
֪һǸλӣǸλӣڣѣϵȽܵ˶Զ
˹İˣҲѣ˹ذŶܵĽɫ
˹أݰ̫ණԽԽ벻ˡ
˹شʧ֪¡

ȼڳǱߣ࣬ȼֻṩʳȻܱ࣬˻ȥڶ
Ů˺ͺ޼ҿɹ飬϶¥һ˯ǰ첻棬ֻԺ
ȼͽйά־ȼҪɼô˿ı¡
ǰڣͷˣվͷϡ
ԿϣǶˣûʲô¡
˵ҳϣҲԼʲô
άȼ﹤ĶǴˣЩ˶ܹˣϧȶӣάʱ򣬷ǵ滹ζɾһȾһЩ
ھȼʽ֮ǰԱ̸һλ
ǵģҪ֪ǵޡά˵ʼǿֻϣеԵģ˯ĵطʱ䳤ǾͻһеȻҪԵø࣬סøá
Ůһס
άǰˣӦӦǳԱ𣿡
Էʶ˵ǾȼӦ˶
άҡҡͷҲˣûһֱʩ㣬﹤Ϊ㹻ŬؿŬ
㲻Ŭһֱ㣬ػ㵽ʲôʱ򣿡ά˵ǲǾһжȻġ
ȼĴΪΪж
άϿ˺ô࣬ȵù𣿴ͬǣǣǾô˵
ڹάѭѭա֮£оȼĹԱᶨһĿꡪеõȼõףȼĴΪ˹¶ΪЩ˱
ȼˡ
ʼû˸ҽȥǶеطṩѵʳ
Ǻ½ȥ֮ͻᱻץߣΪūԽû˽ȥǾԽҽȥ
ŮڷѩУǰŮ֡
Ůŵ촽÷ϣܲ˵ĳǰߣСĺš
Ǽǻȥ
תͷǺҲȥǼң
㬵ؿͼοҰְ˵ˣȥҼҡ
ҲͬȥҼҡ
߰ɣᶳġ
˲飺Ҳȥǻȥɡ
εְѾˣ㡭
е߿߿
ǻ࿴ҲƢ
Ҫˣ
ǻؼˣҪͨ˾ǣ

ֻͷǰߡ
ԸȥңǲԸ£ĸѾˣȥ˱˵Ůǻ˭֪ĸĸ磿
ȥ֮ǰǼһֱúܺãĸֻһŮС
ŮûжС
Ϊ˸򲻵ߣְֻȥ͵ѧľֻΪ˸ߡ
ϲƯȹӣͰԼȹӲ˸ȹӡ
ôȥ˼ҵĺأ
ĸĹһ˰ļıֵߣߣķҲûˣֻסڶѷĸ¥ǼԶǻҳζֱһְҹ¥š
ڶ֪һôģֻǵõعʱ򣬱ѾûϢˡ
ƺɲȻ۵壬ˡ
Ȼ֮ܶ˺ڻҵһѰְ͸С
һƯСֻôϻһŷɫıʯ
СƯְҲΪֻüСΨһûߵĶ
˵ѵǡ˵װƷ
Ϊ̣Բ䣬ΪСʺ
Ϊְǰĥ㹻
ڻ㱼䣬űֵıͱȥ
¼ˣ֣ͣ±ִ±ֽˡ
ͱһһ
ֱſȥҲ
Ȼ󡭡ˣ˳ȥԼĻ顣
ֲ˵ʲôֲԸȥǼŻոһû뿪
ںУûʲôˣЩﻹܿΪȶ˺
ֶݹǰߣҲ֪ԼҪȥܿҪԼİְˡ
ԼҪ׼ҸطȴȥְʱȻŵһʳζ
ǹζıӣռий٣ֱζǰߡ
ڣҵɢζĵط
ǰһķӣΧǽ𿪣˴ܿĴţȻȻкصĲ
Ӧûů͡
赲ĺ硣
վ⣬ȥҡ
һֱǸɵСŮǺĸĻ
Ҳ˺ֻ֣Ǻ¶ѡ
ÿҪµʱ򣬺صĲȻƿˡ
һźµŮ˴ֳһ۾Ϳվſ̨µСŮ
Ůϴһ΢еȵ£һõĴ£ֻһ˫˶Сѥӣöͱȫ죬촽ڣһֱڲ˫ۿžҪ֧Ųˡ
ŮæȥֻվţѾ߲Ů
±¡Ů˰ͷԼúӵůͣİοȥȵܿͻָı
Ů˵·۾ͱһ
ŮҪȥҲȥ
ֻҪһ˲ů
Ů˰˾ȼȻŮ֫ȷûб⣬ֻеͽӲԺ󣬾ͽ˴ˮŮ塣
μǵùά˵Ļ˵ֻѩֱˮû˵ģֻǱȽˣˮͿˡ
֮֫ҲָһľϣŻŮůЩ˼ѽջ
Ů˵ҪĽů˲ջȥ
һʼֻҿԼĽţȻŴŵӴ
˳ͳΣм仹иƯı¯ҵı¯Ҫ󣬻ҪƯů͡
Ķʱһ˶һˡ
ﲻгС飬˵Ŀбж֭ԼҲϲԡ
˰ǰϣȻ˵㡢ࡢԺһ㡢
ƺԼĽ͸еԱԽԽСůů͵áÿ졣
˵Ľš
ֵǣԷˣˣЦлл壡
Ҳ˵Ц㡢ԣ
ŮҲĽţú񲼰ֻŰЬǲܴˣȫѩˮʪ䡣
ҪԵ̡̫Ůֱ¶ȣȻ͵Цȫ
ԼĺףЦЩ
ΪǾȼĵһ죬Ҳû˹õõĴˮ壬˽ţһκͽ
ȻζЩ֡ûԹѺȣĿ飬ְѶһɨ⣬Ҳȹˡ
Ů֪޼ҿɹ֮ȥʾά
άȷûͶ޼ҿɹ飬СԺ󣬾
Ժ͸Ů˯ÿҲҪɻ
Ǹɻʵӣ˾þȼ˳԰׷
ô˾ȼ
ȼ˶ϲΪ£컹𣬾ɻʱЦ
Ҳӣɨأѧư衣
ܿ˾ȼĴͥ
¶˾ģҲĵ˺ˣ˸߽ˡ
ҲάԤϵ̰ĳˡ
µȻȱԴֻռ˵ģȻĲϸ飬ҲǽʵûƶĴ飬»ųͲѥҲܽ׳һҲԲӣһ룬һҪһ룡һ빻ʲôĸֻܱӣ˵ǲǣ
Ů˺ͺǵͷֻҺԼġ
Ҳ˸
ǣҲ͹Ů˺СӺȣǿǴˣ
ôֻ㶫
ȼ˻ֻȥά
ά߳ȥʱ˵ˣѧһ㣬Ҫδζָҡ
Ȼά˳ȥ
άȥ֮ǽµĸ
˼׷;ԼԶԾȼָֻš
ȼǳԵģӦõģûǳԱǾǴġ
ûһֱṩסĵط񼫣
ѵЩŮ˺СӣñЩ˹ø
ٸһ롣˳Źά¡
άһźÿݣûκ
άȻȥ
ȫҹȥ
ȼ˶סˡ
άûӦΪǽ𣿡
ΪʳΪ׼𣿡
άһӣһȺ߽
άָͷ˵ȫϳȥԺ󶼲ٽ
һ֣ҲˣЩҵɲһǳߵľӢ˵䲻ŵģһʮе⣬һԿԡ
ά˵ֹ⼸ˡ
ˡ
άǲΪ£ǲܣֵĺôҲõ
Цֻ̫࣬Ⱥˣ̰
ά˵֡


232 
ȼǸʶ ǰȻҲиԣ˼ʩᣬǸ壬Ҳʲô  ˭˭ġ
Ǿȼ ÿ춨ʱ㣬 ʱ򣬳ҪˡҪҲ߲ȼ
Ů˺ͺ޴ȥ Ͽ˯ھȼĶ¥ޱǣޱĺܴ һޱԸסˡ
ǰǵԼҵطȥ زܴھȼ
άϹ֮ Ҳû˸ˣ Ҫһ룬ᱻ˳ŭ ΨԼǣ ԺҲˡ
άЩ˺ʲôͬģ ûаѾȼɡ桱
ǰѾȼԼҵ̵Ͷ״ģðвز ﵽþȼĿġ
ϾȼǻǮģ ʳˮһȥ ҪջȴεĶ
ȷЩεĶյ
ǰ翨ϣѵڻܲ
ʼȼĶ壬½Щ塣
ͺȥһūȥַʳ˻ҪȥūֱӾͰūšˡ
ˣʡһǮû괺ץУô׬
šūﰫ˺͵ؾӶ࣬ţͷһûУūҲв١
طū壬ֻʥū塣
ϾǮūϲ塣
ÿȼͿˣǰһסŮ˺ͺӾͻ¥һ֮뿪ȼЩұĵطϣȥһЩȥһɣȥɽϼŪͨƽɽԼô⣬΢еǮĶѡɽ
ľ̿ȻãҲ˶𣬶ǿĲ
Щ˰һ㶼ˣŮҵĻ̫ˡ
ά̵߳ʱ򣬳̾׼ŽŮԡȣҪȼŮȻ˼
ȻˣҲô󲿷Ů˱˶øж
ǵײŮԣΪ滷̫ӣֱѹȣֻҪõһôǾͻж¡
˽޲ó˺ôٴһѶߵŮûԶࡣ
ѾȼǶ̶Թά˵ṩסٸҸڷĹ
άıЩɡ
̿ʲô𣿡
άæ˵ûУˡ
ЦЦҿ԰ˡ
ά͸̹ˣˣҿԡ
̸һ񣺡㡣
ṩסѣѵǸһڷĹ
άһϣԼԴٿȥҪͺˡ
˰취Ůǰ˲üͷƳµĹϾ֮ǰ˵£˾ɵġ
·Ǿ͵ʱ˵ɣ˵˼ҲףǸǹлɣΪԳ԰׷
ǮûеģֻʳޣǷ֣Ȼ󿿷ʳ
ֵ͵òܻʳģǾֻһܱһЩӣˡ
Ůǿʼɻ֮󣬹άķмǹϢˣȡ֮ƽ͸мÿ춼ҪҪѯʹάṩסʳĴڹôǷ񽡿ÿ컹ҪһʱΪ
ȻҲ֪ĸ
ϾŮʱץôʥû˸ʥˡ
ϣʴȵĴԶ
ϣһֱ

άԽԽˣûٸҵȼ£쵽һ֮λţȾȼҪŵʱ뿪
Ϊ̰ܵ˳ͷǺء򡱣ԣҲҪߣһܵõϡ
СӺŮˣܵõһɡ
ֻ˾ûĴˣЩֻڱ˵䣬ֳ
ǶԳûиġһڳԵĺܺãڳԵ˭ṩģûôҪ
άҲʱ֣ˡСж֮ġˣȺࡣ
˶⵱ȻʱЩиж֮ĵҲȻ
Ӳɡ
ֻ辶
άֻǰʾھȼ˿Ǳ˵ĸм
ȼĹԱȽϵûһ˹ά֮⣬ǻʵʵĸмˡ
򷹵ʱ򣬹Ա˵л˸ʳ
ò֮ǰҪһл˵ʴȺ
˵˴˿ʱҲҪ˵л˵Ŀ
ά
άԤϵǡ⾹Ȼá
֪ǲΪ߶̫Եʣȼ˾ȻͿʼһ˵һˡ
̬ԽԽϣòͻ췹ǰ˵һ䣬Ҫùš
Աʱ򻹻ǵ顣
ϾһҪ˶೤ʱ䣬Ƕϰԣһһߵžȼ֪ͨ뿪
ʱҲ뽻̸ǸĺӣܹĻ
ոиûеͳԷˡһëܳС˵
һ˽ӻ֪˭ʳ˶ġ
˾ͲӦøʳ
˶ǺãΪһŶøжġ
ԣ˲õʳ
ţ˵ĺе
ģҲΪˣܻзԣжôõأ
С˼˵Ϊ˶ˣŻڲһֱھȼ
ھãԼ֮ԲܵõŮͬĴΪм˲мˡ
ȻˣǾҪֵı˸ǡ
ʱˣǾʵΪԼм̸мҪ˭˵һ仵ǾҪ˭ƴ
˵ףڱ档
άĿ꣬ôĪˡ
룬Ҳûʲôõľ顣
άáĸھԼģ
άߣǱ߸˳ɵ˱ȹά࣬Ҳȹά쵼άֻҪԱǷ乤ȴҪǧ˷乤ҪŽǣάһͷһϸˮˮʽġ
˼סֻгǲܹڵӡ
ȳһߣ޼ҿɹ飬ûйûзԣĵײˣǰȽõū
ά÷ֻڲķʽǲò̡
ǶԹȥĿ־壬ֻѡӵ̡
̿ߵıʱ;رȹάǿ
άĿǺȷܳɹȫûж滮Ҫ㣬Ǿǳɢû̫á
ؾͲͬˣһ㶼УһʱҲԼÿ׶ҪʲôҪȡ˵ʱѳó˵
̶Կ˹˵غʺϸ顣
˹ڸ̰ƤС͵ߡ
̡ءһ˽ȥ
ʥϣԶҪߵԽԽ
˶ٺӵĵز


233 
ø䣬 ̴Ӽ˹֪Ů壬ɭǶ˹ȥأʮʿ
Ȳ˵ʮжˮ֣ ֤Ů˵ˣܸʲôۣʿֻҪˣ ͿԱסŮȨƺ͵λ
̾Щʿ׵ʥǣ 㵽ˣҲս
ͬʱҲøʿʥǡ
ÿ˹ֱӴħȥذɭʿ
ԤϵûдڸǱӦ߻ôʥǡ⡣
ǰս Ǳ߽ȱìܣ ƽ ҪĴ۸ ·ϵÿһǺ͹ؿζҪ
ʥԺȴȿһ·ȵʿֱӾʥԺԶʱȵʿӦϣѶ˲С˼ȼ
Ը˵õĻᡣ
ᶼգҲͲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ڳֻҪĵȴʿж֮ ٴжʥǵʳ
ȻڳļؿŮʿ ǻǶԳƴӡϾ̲ƴ֣ ǵĻﲻûʱ仨̵ͣ˾ߣ۸񻹸ǵۣôܲ
Ҳֻʳ
ûзԵˣЩƷ˺ڣ֪̽ҲǾֱʳˡ
Ʒ⣬ȥ϶ûʳʡģûࡣ
ȥľ飬ٳԵôֻûԼȼ֮
ʳԴԴ̵Щʳһֳһַŵȼһֽء
ʥǵ˼վ˳̵ߣҪάԼ棬ͱά̡
ߵȫ֮󣬲ͳһսߡ
̲ǲԣֻǲԸȥ̽ԡ
ʱѧ֮䶼йĶǣ֮䱳Ҫ˵ǣƾ飬˵ʲôġ
֮䶼ôһ¡
ȻǰѾô࣬ͲܸǷͱһĻᡣ
ʱڵҲûʲôһ㡰ġ
Ͼִʷ϶ŽĹ˽׼ũǶǺڷı䡣

ʥǵʱƽȣȵʿȻѾЩͲסˣǵʳﻹûг꣬ҲܶٶٳԱϾôˣƤԣٶʳҲԲ˶ãһҪһ֣̳֮䵱յ˼ţǹߴս
ӲͷƤϵڣʵڲܼȥˣȥĹٻظȡ
˻ڸȣˣʿҲûôġ
֮Ǽң˼⣬мأһһľ
Сڸϴ£ΪױһҪæ
ϴ˻ɹҳȥǱӣֻŤԺɡ
ϣ̾˿ڴˡ
СҲ޻˵˰죬ֻһ䣺֮ǰǱҪȥ
ȥû
СҲǽʵ̫СˣԸ˵ǽ˵˾ǵС
ǶѾߵˣӳһ̿ʼǾû·ҪôҪôӣܵѡһ·ɽȲӣҲܡ
иգǹ壬±˽
ʱǴɵӡ
Сĵ̾˿
ȷʵٵˡ
ʧ죬ÿ۾ͷͷѣ˯š
ĸ׾űȨСĸ׵Ѫ£ӻ·ʼҪѧʮͱĸ׶ʿУʿͬͬס
ɼĸʱȻΡ
ֻǳ⣬ĸûĺӡ
ʱҲԼκ˲ˣĸûд
Ӳôصĵӡ
ܵʿĽ
ϣһжźãз뻻һ·ߡ
һ·ûͨ
ǰʱجΣμĸվڷɳУؽһһΰſڵϣźʣĸףΪʲôңĺӣ
ĸֻŴһģ
£ǲףǶԱ˵ֻһѵ
ѵûɱ˵ı£ûʤ̣·ߵʯͷ硣
ԼأûУֻڱ¡
ĸ׾ӸµĿĸײǸŮˣһĴ󲿷ʱ䶼ڷɳУ˫ֲϼ룬ϵƤ紵ѣΪֻؽֱ۱˵ĸΪǿ׳ļȴҲֱˣֻ˵£һսϣҪ£һڵ㡣
ĸˡ
ĸǼ죬óԳԸúȺȣĸ׵϶ûᡣ
ĸ׵һֱûʵС
ϾСĸܣǿʿΨǴӡ
ĸһֻܼһ
ֻڣĸ׵ĻˣҲûлͷ·ˡ
ºȻںҹΪʲôĸأ
ĸףһ֪ԼҪʲôҪô
ʧһҹʱŶݵ˯һСԼĲȥݣǸóˡ
Ҳ֪˺üΣ˵Ļ
ֻȥʿ׼
ʳ׼ãʿ׼úǾ̤;ֻû׳־ֻ㷲
ȻŵкԮڱϾ磬ڵйĸ⣬ǲǱΧ˵Ǹ
ϣƤ磬÷żͷѥתͷʿǡ
ãĲֻܵͷԴźǰߡ
ǰʥǵ·ߣΪһ·ҲûĳڳѲߣ´Ҳа취͵Υ֮Ǿͻ͵Ϣһȡů˯ãҲԲã·ʱ˵ΨһͺȽһ硣
·;ҪǶ˿ˣͳԼѩҲ˶ˣ·϶ʮͲ̫еˣҲûпǣѩڸӣѩ
ﶼѩһߣҰ޾ͻǵʬǳˡ
ҲûЩС£Ӷôʥǡ
ʥǵĵͼʥԺģҲкüԣ²򿪵ͼҲܼǵܱߵĻ֪ȫ
ķ
ʥһؿֻһؿΪĳСɴͨС
ȻرҲһôѹʮ˾ܸһٸ˵Ļ
˼ǰ󣬻׼һŽ
ǵڶĳš
֮󣬲¾ʹǴ³Ŀĵǰ
ĸ˵ģ
£סٺ£㶼Ҫţֳܱ
򲻱صȵ˻Ѿˡ
ǸȺպŮսĶӣӦĸһһһΰ̡
̧ͷŰããա
ĸ׻ᱣɣ
˫ȼ˼ӿٶȡ
ǰʥǡ
Ҫһؿ


234 
ƽĶڱս̴ˡ
Ů֪ʿڹʥǳŵʱ ϣ þûл
Ԥһ죬 ԤΪʵ һֻŸаΧ
ҵʿأŮɤＷһ仰
̨Ĵ˵£ʿѾＯˣһʤ
Ůɫá
ǻ˵ģϣԼʿ
ʿԽ࣬ λľԽȡ
ҲֻһԱδزȥֻûлᣬ Ҳǻᡣ
Ůȥ˰ɭ
ǿߡ
壬 Ĳ֪ôˡŮſڰɭϿޣƺԷ壬 ף ޵üͣʶ޻ױ
ɭοʿҲ ú£аľӣ ʤ
Ů̧ͷŰɭɭ壬ʿʲôʱ򵽣ĺ£ҵʿûеֵסأ
ɭӦûҪһʱ䣬 ģ һϵġ
Ů޵
ʿܵش ӮȰɭľӵﻹһϯ֮
Ҫôɭľʿðɭʿȥ
Ҫôֻھû֮ǰȰѰɭˡ
ӵĽ죬ѰɭıԼı
ΣȻǺ߸òȨ˼վõڶ
Ҫɭ֧֣Ϊɭʿɭˣǲõġ
ĹңҪһرвȨĹ塣
塣
Ĭ˶Լɷ򣬾ܺĶԼ
֪ڹʥǵʱʥѾһˣȻûս£ܴӸ游һ˵սĿ֮
벻ʥǣֻҵطأеؽѵģͰѼʳֵǮĶؽѣûеؽѵģֻܰѼҸȫĵطڿʳؽȥ
еŮȫ˴磬Ĩϻң·ĳװŬԼûͷ
кܶˣ˺䣬ÿ춼˯⡣
Աߣǰȫİɣ
ĴǣӦǻᱣǵİɣ
סùſڣкܶ˺ţ϶ڡ
ȼˣûþȼţάͲأȼʳԽԽࡣ
ԭﻹ̵ɵģ˶֮ͱԽԽϡֻܻˮ
ûеĳԾͲˣ֮ԼʳԼʳҪҪʥıˣǺôܰοԼ˵һڷԡ
̱Ÿ첲վڴڣڳ̵ϣȴ䡣
øȵʿʥǵġ
ҪŮͷ
ҪŮѹ˳˳İλƽ
ֻŮʩӸѹԮ֡
Ҳζţܶˡ
̳ʱȻʿ˹أ᲻Һ̣ܲ
̺һҾȻЩʿȥ
˹εǲȻأǵʿȥ𣿡
̣
˹Ի·ȫͬ
˹ػýĿǶ˵ֻÿʲôʲôûУҵʱԸ£ˣԶҪǸ顣
̣šе
˹ؼϿΣħ壬ΪԼ壬ҲӦͽԼˣħɴûоԼͬɱá
ǶˣҪȱ֤ԼĿܹɣĶ֮¡
˹ط¿ӣų̵۾ʴȣǸλԺ˵ɡ
̺Ȼѣ˹ЦЦ˵Ķԡ
ʥǣͰʥǵƽԼƽ񣬰ʥǵʿԼʿ
Ȼʵǡǡ
ǲ
׿ھеӽǺ󣬲ܸʶŮǵжԵģʥ˵ء
սˣﻹʱ;ͬˣ
øʿױܡ
Ӧòô˰ɣЩġ
ҪħǴϢô
ʿʥǵá
ʥǵıǴŴžˣһ˻ȥڽŵ²ֱ
ʿǴŴžͶˣӶӲȥֻŶϵĵ
ǰҹȽϰʱ򣬸˷͵Ϯôǵ˶ĺɱ
ǻսսǸ޷뿪ʥǵ£뾡취סܱסطȫֻס͵˵ķ䣬Ҳסڼá
ǲϵǮԼͿգֻһСķ䡣
ǵѡͺˣûеؽѣԼҲȫҲ֮ǰ׽룬ҪôȡůһȺסһҪôΪūԸŮū
Ůµū̫٣ūĻᶼûС
ʱǾ˳̡˹¶ǮбŮųƺҲһĳ·ٳʱӦܸһӡ
ǳ̾ͷ֣ͻȻһȺˣҪū
ƽǾùſڣźҪ̵ū
̣
û뵽ġ
ÿ춼ùſں
ˣԸ⵱ū
ˣǰѼʳͲƲǰɣ
ˣˣ
Ǯ˰ԼΪū
Ҳƽǻۣ
̿Цãתһ룬Ҳǲԣʱûū˵㣬Ϊū£ģܸŮѹ
Ͼ˵ūǲܱġ
ȥ˵˵ˡȥ
ǴӲɳ̵κξģ˵ӣʵɳе֮أڳΪʲôôôԲԣ˵Ҫ
仰˵ǣż񣡴ҲǶԵģԵĸǶԵģ
ǡȥֱ֮߳ùݡ
ùݵĴţǰһĻŪˡ
ùǰšվƽЩżеĲЩżʳϼҴڣһվǶһ˫˫־ϣɪɪĿ߳
ЩƽѹȹˣǮ˺͹壬ͷǵŵģǹŵģӰ˵ͷϣֻܴӹţſš
ˡ
ˣҡʳ
ˣҲʳһв
࿪ڣ޲ðԼܷ׳һж˵ס
һȦȻЩЩ˾Ǹֻܲڽ±κ˷֣Ͱ͵ģֻܵȵԼ
ȵˡ
ЩҲͬˡ
Щˣѵ˵ѶŹȥǸȥĵطӽ쿪ʼǾǴ˵ūˡ
ƽǻ࿴Ȼͷæ͵ذѶŵǰճһϡ
ߵʱϻظЦ˿Ʋסᡣ
ǲǳΪūǵõɡ
վڴ̨ϿһĻЩɱ
ǲ壬ǹ壬õĶʲôܱŬƽúá
ƽѾǧ࣬þȫҲֻǴһСǮӵһ׷Ӷѡ
ûа취ֿ˻޷
ȵʿΪ˻͵ñū
ȴҪԼݡ
˰ǿ
ҲΪı
̹˴
ʶδҪĻкܶ࣬ҿܻԭϲ׼ķ


235 
Ԥϵһ ʿ͵Ϯûȡöõĳɹ ˳ʱս
ʥǳڣ ʵʿ㡪ʥǵʿôгǽڷ絲ѩ ʿֻ˯ڳ⣬ ҪǱů㣬 ˶ ֮⣬ʥȻȥôһǣʱھʲô⣬¡
̣ Ҫľʥ
ʿİ˾ʱ⣬޳Ī Ǳ߾ٶ취 ܰʱṩ
ûʥԺӮĸ̫Сˡ
ֻɳȥһѻ
ؾͶˡ
Ϊڵˡ䡱Ѿ£ˣ Щ˶ײˣʱԴڹʹģ һԼķӶûУ ֻľ巿 Ҫ췿ˣ ֮ضûС
֮Χһ𣬱ȡůǻ֣һ˽жСžţﶼһ뿪Ⱥ壬ǻȥĻã
ɡúȥѷ˶˳
ǲܸʲô˵ĺû˾ԼúɻһЩɵĻƣһڳԵġ
˶˲˾Ǵɨ쵥·Ҳϴ
ֻǵ˶죬ĸǾͲúϴ·ˡˮ̫䣬ֲ˷ľˮֻܸĸԼϡ
˵ĺģҲǶԽǴΣյĻǾͳɳԽ죬Ǳݸ߹ͬ˳ĸ죬пվסţȥ
ʲô
ÿԷʱ򣬶ɣֵʱ̡
Էɵĺ
ɣ
ںóԣ㣬ܾܽãζ
˶ͣ
һ󾪺
Ȼжͣϲͣ
ҪͲ㣡
лĸʳ
лĸ
ϵ
͸ĻϾм˲Ǹʥ飬ŵĲôʵڡ
ϾûǮʥ飬ʥҲͲᱣǣԻǲźˡ
ĸһǮһӣӵĶ֪ôѡ
ȻЩоǲԺôӶ
شǳĸлĸ˽ĸлĸʳסڵ
Էʱеľףеץе˿ӡ
ÿӣǿõĿӣΪֺأ뾡취ѧġ
ϾǹǵˣǻʶֺõȨߣúôֻǰ졣
Ժ£˿϶ǻƫԼϤˡ
ʱض˵ԺȲҪߣҪ˵
Ƕϣרעؿء
һСϸ鲼˲죬һȦȻŶ˵ڹʥǡ
ʶӣ֪ģǲᣬֻҪᣬûзǾͲᱻǣ
ؼ˵ںܶƽΪūԼ˺͹塣
һϾƽǲͬȻƽ񣬵ͳˣûй̶ûԴˡ
ƽʥзӣйԴˣȫһÿһˣܳΪͨƽк÷סзԣ鲼·ٺòģĽѾõ
ƽȥūˣ
ΪʲôҪūƽ϶ʳ
ɵ𣿡
Ҳ벻ͨΪʲôҪҵĻҲŲء
صԺ˵Ϊʿܻ
˶ˡ
ǵսľϮ
ؼ˵˴Ǹ˭ǰȫģ
иæ˵֪϶ǸŴ˰ȫ
㶣˵
˵ǸСӣȻŮк磬ΪͷѴͰͷụ́ܶʮ˾꣬ɻҲܼ飬ܶʼûк
ŮѵĿ֮·ԣʳõ˶ʮ˵˴һҪȥĵطҪȥĴץ֪ƱǱץûˣȥǺܴģ϶ˡ
嵹ǿԣҲзգǿɲū
ֻˣ˲һΪˣкܶǿԱסԼūǲƲүһᱣԼĲƲ
Լ˵еˣһĿء
º͵ĳЦЦһүɲĲǮūҪ᲻ūȥʿūֿܵʿ𣿡
Ů˵ˣ˼գȻλϡ
ؼ˵ֻһ˿Աǡ
˶֪˵˭
С˵ǲǳ̴ˣ
Ҽǵó̴б
ԣҲǵãȥ̴꣬˵ʿˣ˺öˣǲ֪Ǻȥ
˵פʥĹؿ˴ׯ
Щ
̴˵ıͺˡ
ô̴ҪѱҾҪ鷳ˡ
ǰǶ
Ҳ֪ҵʿܴܲ˸ˡ
򲻹ô졭
ؿѾ˵˵ϣ˵Ц⣺ܱǵֻг̴ˣʿʳֻиǲܹϺӣǴ˺ģڳԵĴĶǴģ
˵ڣʥǵ塣
Լ񣺡ǿ𣿡
һȦǿʱһڷǿ춳ʱһ·𣿡
ȳ̴뿪ʥǣǻǻǰһʧȥûסûзҲû·
ūǿ׳ūбԡ赭дĿǡ
̾˿οڸȵʿ棬Ҳ̴ͬ˵ı˴ô죿
Ⱥˡ
ôܲͬ⣡
ǣͬ⣡Ȼ˴ѵܵõʲôô𣿡
˵֪ҵĳ̴˶Ȩ
϶Ϊ̴˱ʴȣʿҵʿǿ׳
ô죿
̴˻ǵūԸ⵱ūūȵá
ʱ˵Ѿһūˣƽ񣬸ǰסʱʳҲȥղ̫ˣҴ˵ʿǵ˴˵ūʲôأ
Ǿܸʲô
ʲôҲˣû˻˵û˻ǷֻǱļ񡭡
ǾҪˡ
أҵһ취ǽܲˡ
Ŀ⾼Ŀء
ϴ˵ţ˵ʲôǶ
ǣҲûбѡˣϴ˵ɣ
̾˿ֻҪô˵ʿôͳʿѸ˸ʿȨˣͿ𣿡
˭á


236 
ڵʥ⻼ ϶ū ȥһūֲԸȥ ֱӰūǶ˳
кܶûԴ ӣ Ϊ˺ƽ ܻи˱ ǶôҳˡϾٶˣᱻƽūѹֲȥ
ϺֵȴˣԽĵطԽࡣ
ǰѲǵڲ඼ȥˣڵΰû˹ܡ
ֻһЩʳ һ׵طȽƫ ռܴķӣ һЩūϳū˺
Щ˺Լ壬Ը취٣ֵķʽӲ ҲԸȥٺ
ҲǿЩˣ Щ˴ ͷ۵ľԼˡ
ŮڻûԮ Ϊأ ֻĸһ
ֻҪȥȰ˵Ŀ϶Ǹˡ
ô˵ڱɱ˰ɭߵˡ
ŮĴ󳼣ǮͨˣǮʹĥŮ£һöǮǿõģµÿһǮ޷ܾǺ;ǲҪǮһƮƮޱҲǲѴ֮ܵõ
ڳ̵ڵ֮£ŮȽ׽ļˣȫˡ
Ψһûݵļ˹ءһʼˡ
æ˵Ů취ϰѰɭߵ֧Ȼһūȥ
һūֵǮɭ֮ɱū޶ָ֤ɭ˳𣬾ǣٵվסˣû֤ݣǾ޸Ƽܿͻʧ
⵹Щ̵ԤϣŮʲôɱɭɵ𣿡
Ͼɭű˺ãôѹʥǣɭҪͺܷ㣬ϾɭصļӣʮĴТӣϵѶǵȮҳϵĶˡ
ĶӶϵµ˹
ҪǰɭˣƵһľĶǡ
󳼻һܣѹɤ˵ˣɭʮʿ
գգۣЩȣʮ򣿡
󳼵ͷʮ򡣡
¶ˣЦЦˣб𣿡
ҡҡͷ̶˵Ǹǿ׼һЩɣټǺͷۡ
ȥȻֻԷ׼ЩװЩľ棬ǳĻƽ
ԶصĻƽֵƽĲٵģﶼõĳȥͭҺٱֵƽ𶼲ᣬǺܰȫġ¸ߡ
Цˣߵʱ򻹶Գ˵ԺʲôϢǻһʱ̣߳Ųһֱô
Ǹ̰дϵˡ
ɳ̲ôвرĺˣҲȱͬ˺ͬģܺԥ˺˵ĻˣţϵĴˣȲǺˣҲǻˡ
沨仰˵ǵĸɽͷĸɽͷĸ裬һߣƶı׼Ҳ֮ı䡣
¸Щǣǵ̰ʵǴ˵̰û˸ұ֤ԼԾ޴ʱԲġ
ûʲôָժġ
ڵڶ죬Ů׼ˣ֧˰ɭˣٰѼū˽ȥ
ɭûܻżľӡ
Ůʱ⣬ɭڲμģ֣ʼնûжı飬Įǽ︡һһףĸףĸ磬ɷֶһˣ塣
ЩϲһΪȨ壬ôƣǹȻһѪ
ϧǰ谭ͱ
ֱʧŮԼ˹˵Ǵĸɾһ㡣
˹صͷǡ
Ůû˹أŮͣ뿪ȡ
ֱŮߺ󣬼˹زźһڳڵŮأϻ¶˼ѾѵСϻ˼ˣе˳嵽ǰԸΪ˹ҼѱľȻȻıˣֻӵĻ
Щ£Ϊ˰˵ȥ
˹ԳЦЦǰŮɵӣܱ׾ٵҲٿء
ŷԼףʱŮûˣ׼ȷ˵ûΪıߣˣһվԸΪʾ֭ļ˹زԵھͲһˣûһ˹أҵڶ
»ǡ˹룬ҵһ仰ݣùͶ
˹ֻȥɭʬ壬ɭúܿ죬ūץţס֫ȻһȫѪƤ̺ҲǣûһЩʱǼūԭǳŽģڣ͸ֻһƷ
ڻñѺţŮṫɭɱѶȻ⼸ūʵʩ̡
˹ؿ⼸ūūŽкŮôģ
ǲץǣɱӦŮʹ͸ǽӣ
ſңҪʲô
ģѵŮ𣿡
˹ؿǣֻÿ
Ҳֹֹ
Ͼҵ¡
¶Գ˵ǺôŮĹܵ˰ɭʮͷĽ˭ЩʿϰôԼֻʿ°ɭʿһ룬ԵȣһӮ
ˣˡߵ˹ߣϹϾ˵
ϾĴ˹ػǸޣŮ谮Ľˡ
˹صȻ˵Լǡ
ϰ˺ٻ
ĳ谮ҪģûУҲҪñ˾ԼС
һʮĸŮֻһĶú档
еıˣеĵòˣеԼˤˡ
ֻǸŮĻӵģĹض԰Եλӡ
ĳ谮ܺúûţҲ˿ʳ첻˿ľ̿˿۲ϡ
ϾˣĲ˵²һһ֡
ٸŮصһ㶫Լһ㡣
Ů᲻֪
ӵˣһĻᶼû٣л˵ˡ
˹Ŀǰ˰ɭʬ塣
ɭ̫ˣһӦԼʮĹʥǣסȻô׵ū˹صͷԼĽż⣬һжЦˡ
ΪʵԵʵĵ
ɭѶܿ촫˳ȥǹٷ汾
ɭūĴɱЩūǸˣǸȾӵڼ飬ΪɭƷ¸УǲŶ˰ɭɱ˰ɭ
ʥǵĹǻˣβأ΢ֵǮһĶ͸Ů
⵹Ůû뵽ġ
Ƿ˱ʲƣ


237 
˱ˣ ûٹǣǴս ҲΪǵԮڵˣ ˵ʥǺġ
Χս Ϳһã ǿˡ
ɭľ㵽 Ůܻżڣ ޷ǣ ûа취֪ɭľߵûʲôΣգ ʲôʱܵ
ǸȵΧǣ Ǵɲػҵ̫磬 ʥʳʵ٣ ֻҪҺѹ ڻʳų꣬ҪȫʡԼãһ궼⡣
Ѿˡ
ƾʲôվľϣ ˻ ƾʲôܳԱסڰȫķһů͵·ûУ
Ϊǹ𣿣
ڸΧʥǣ Ҫ𣿣˾Ͳ𣿣
Ҳ 벻ʥǣ ûзӣûвƲײ㡣
ײŽҲһɲС
վ̨£ɤӸ͵ԣƾʲôǽһˣһүǰǵ𣿣
˻ں𣺡ǵĸĸǵĺӣҪǶ𣿣
Ⱥ鼤ߣҵʯͷľΧһҪΪ˻ȥһ
ʥʣȥǣʿʹ󲿷ȥˣʥҲڲ֡
ǾͶǽǣȺ˳ķȥ
ô죿ʵ˿ĭոһĻÿ־塣
곤һЩ˵Ǿ͵ûؼҰɣʲô֪
ǱϾ
곤̾˿ȥֹǰɣǲȹʬ뿪ʱһʬ屳ȥĸ׺ӡ
졣
ǺƺƵŲûκôɵߵĴſڡ
⺰ţҪ
ҪԷ
Ҫ·

Ůƾʲôǣ
ǲ𣿣ǲ𣡣
ŮԼķסԼĶ䣬סˣҲ赲Щ
񰡣
˭һ㣬ҲܳԱůܹϱӣ
ֱԼܣΪ
ǳ⣬ټǧʿǰЩµƽץɢ
ǣôˣץز£ˣʳô죿ô˹𣿻Ƕڵţ
ɢɢػأκ⡣
οǵʿڸʿټǧ˻˭ܸ
ξ˹ҲûܸŮһ⣬ֻÿŭ
Ǿ޾ľһÿ춼ʼֻдȥˣȥϡ
ߵìڱ
ȥ
·ʳ
ƾʲôǿԣ
ƾʲô
ƺҵһ˿⣬ƴ壬ƺȥˣǾʤˣҲӣҲʧõһо֮䣬ǵͻᱻд
ǱͷѪҲ˵ڵϡ
˾ֵĹţȴһ߿
ǳ˽ȥ
ﴫ˻ԼеȻûıǵ࣬Ϊû·Ժη
뿪ҲΪʲôƴһѣѵΪ˵
Ůŵڻ׼СܣֻҪƽȥˣټʿҪɱǣ
ҪһɱȺҴı
£ȥɣŮʹţڵϣؿŮ
Ůһҧ׼뿪ʱȴȻץסֱۡ
תͷһ⣬ֲô
˹վ΢Цų˵뵽ȥĶѵ㲻˵仰𣿡
ŮͷңָۣܿƽΪ˹صվʮªޱȵˡ
֪ЩˣЩ˶ǳ̴ģҲ˵ֻǵʱЩ˵£ֻΪʲôá
ڣЩ˱ڲصˣôϢĳ˳Ǳ
Щ˵ϺѪ
ŮԼ죬Ź̬侲ʼ˹أ𣿡
˹ҡҡͷ˽첻Ů֪ʱƣ˵ܼˡ
ŮЦһð
ŮȻʣ˹أҶ㲻㲻Ů͵İ裬ҰߣȨƵλ㻻̣Ҳܸࡣ
˹΢Ц˵£ȷʵܸҸ࣬ûȥ˹¶֪˹¶Ǳʲôʲôֻʥǣ˿Ĳʥǡ
ŮŭЦΪܱĸã֪һҶ಻𣿡
ûбԹϲһ˵˳
Щ壬ǵйͣǾΪԲҵĻңжܹܵҲʥһط
˹أ˵Ҳٴˡ
Ůһ㶡
˹ûиӦʱ䣬Ǵħת뿪
ߣؾʹˡ
ǰŮΧסǿŮġС˵Լıҡ
ֻг̴˻ǣ
ó̴˵㲻ǣͲ䵱
ѵЩӣЩˣͲ𣿣
ΪʲôΪʲô
λ
Ůλ
ŮãȻվȺУʶͷκһˣڴ֮ǰҲʶǴδǵĹϵôܲɷ֣ǵľŮȷŭ־ñӵӣö㣬Թ˲ϾҵŮȴһȺһü˵Χмָ
ԽǱԽǿԼ̧ͷ
κһ˵ͷ
˭С
£λɡ˹³ŮǰŵĶŮŵĴǡ
Щͱ̵ڵˡ׷ŮҲһϯ֮أɳ̲ǴƸŵһλ󳼾λһ鸻ĵأҰǵøʥǽ˰ǿԼڳưԡ
ܸǵģŮܸĶ̫ˡ
οǺƽƹֲǴ̣Ǳû˳չҲԼװû¡
Сջ󣬿Ըɡ
ŮͷסˣȺһˣȻһ仰˵
ŮˣȻ󱻹Լķ䡣
ڼ䣬ûһ˳ȥפسǽʿš
ºҲˡȺǾԵ쵼ߣҲĻ
֮ǰغͼ˹ضһۡ
һ¶һЦݡ
ȱЦʧӰ١
˹սȭͷ
һ죬֤Լظǿ

ҲŮķ䣬ŮһׯطͷڴߣĿתؿ߽ĳ̡
ôҲû뵽Լߵһ
ʲô𣿡Ůʳ̡
ҡҡͷûʲô
ŮôΪʲô޴ĸ綼λϣֱȥΪֹ
̣Ϊʱһûг֡
ŮЦЦ뵱ˣ˶뵱ӵϵȨֻе˹֪
ߵߣϡ
Ϥĺһ
㵱˹ʲôŮ
̣ѳջҲҪ塣
ŮЦ棺ûй壬˭أ
̷ʣй壬ǹĹ𣿡
ŮûˣҾͻңʧǲµʱ򡣡
̣һѡԱѹ滻ԭĹ£ǹ£ϾƽϤǣֻǻǵȨƽ񲢲ǹڹܣƽ˵صײĹ¡
ûй޹ؽҪֻҪײĹ»ڣͲҡ
Ů򴽣ʣȻأô
̣ģ·лɣзԡ
Ůֿ죺岻ʵʵİȨõġ
̣оӣһαʮʮʿģܸһ׷ӣһģֱƽ
Ůסˡ˵ĻʯҲɵ̵ĶûôԴǡ
Ů㡭ұʲô
룬ٻ˵Ҳ֪һߵһϣŬˣܵõӦеĶ˲صŮ˲⴦˵ԱҪԵصΪأҪƽúõԼķܶĿꡣ
Ůų̣Щ׼ôң
ôʿΪʲôֱӹʥǣλأ
̿ҲɵʱĴˣʱ۹⣬˼άǹ̶ġ
˼άʱΰ˻ûг֣ˣҲᱻɷӡ
Ůܳŵ㽫һһ뿪ʥǣҲ޷ӵôĳǱôˣ㽫ʳǣֻҪ㲻ɱ˷ŻΥɵ£һӡĿ۾ܶı֤
Ҳд۵ġ
ҪΪҼᡣ˵
ŮΪʲô
̾˿սҪ˵ģʿҲֻҵģҲ뿴ҵ
ŮѵڲڳǱߵΪʲô㲻˰أ
̣£ֲʥˣֻǲϣҶɱǣοΪᣬҲֳġ
΢ЦŶ˵һףûһʤ£ҽ㻹ǴӦױȽϺá
Ů̧ͷأ
̣Ҳα顣


238 
̸Ůѡ һܵŮһ飬 һλ̼ᣬ Ȼһ޷߳ʥǣ ԣȫ⡣
ֻҪ鷸ƣÿٰ磬 ̶գһ۾
ҳ̻ĸŮĿʱ䡣
ʱ䣬 Ů꣬ʱֹĵϣ˾
ҴӦ㡣Ůų̣ 촽򣬡Ҫĳŵ
ظߵһǵȻ
ŮɫӵĿҲ뿪ʥǣ ҵĺأ
̣ûŮ֮ͷȥﶼУΨļ̳˲С
Ůһӣ һΪҪ£ɭԭ򣬱ΪԼļ̳ˣһӵһֱûϣ ûϵĺӷˡ
Ů̾˿
˵ŮȻ޷뿪ʥǣ ֻҪһ죬 Ͳصƣ 
Ůûп̣һʼΪλ𣿡
̵˵ͷʱֻ лǺܺãûлҿٵȵȡ
ŮЦҡͷҲ˵
ֱҪ뿪ʣҵĴ𣿡
תͷſº͵Ķ˵ǡ
Ů㶡
̣㲻㣬һҲһĽΪʥԺΪˣԽԶһġ
ŮĬţֱ뿪û˵
ʽҪ죬ܸǰʿӦĻᣬòҪκηӦĻᣬǷֵʱһжѾ䶨ȨȣǰһŮļᣬǲϣҲռŸߵأ˳̳еλ
ȻǶ˹ôǶ˹ҲͲʲôˡ
ʥǣ
ʽעʢҲǰ·ȼĵ죬̲Ż˰ѹ塰롱
̵Ҳźʽ岻̫ðҪԺб뷨ҲذһΣʱԼԼͿˣؾôġ
ʱһ𡣡̶Կ˹˵
˹˳һһʲô
Цòãһᰡҵ󡣡
˹أ󣿡
ü𣿡
˹Цħѵҵ𣿡
̯֣۸ҪҲһħļʽҲ⵱󰡡
˹ؾȻͱô˵ˡ
ڿ˹صĻﳩδҵȰѸ˴ȥˣȱˣǴܺ²ǸɻȸǱ߳ǮǣǻˣһǮ
ȷչڣٿҡ
ԽԽöԣ˵˳Ҫ븻·Ӷ
ӦҪɡ
ðδҪܷ涨ȥˡ
꣬˿ڱը꣬ڣͶͲ㡣
ȻĶ֮󣬾ͻ齨ͥŮ
ָƽǵֻήͣȻҲ㲻̫еϵɡ
̳һϣҪǿ˹ָס۾뵽
ʽͶ
ڴ֮ǰûһ֪
ŮڳǱǱҲһ
ֻм˹ڴæµЩ˶ǳ̵ˣҲС֣ԭˣʶʱĿܣܿҪĻ˵ʵڱסԼĹϾһݳͲλܸߣ̫Ĺ
ʽеĵ죬ĵ˹ضǳ̽˸ĹģΪûִôӲϣĲִƷװԭĻϸȥһЩģж谭װƷ
ֻʱеĺҶڡ
ĳ֮󣬳ܽˡ
磬Ҳ½롱˹ǵһˣǸĻͥҪʾõġ
һ߿±Ƶϣߵۣô£ѵŮҪһ𣿣ʲô
˭֪ôģǾһμʽʲôû˵ҪһΣ
̫ˣүүүүүүûôɹ
Ͳܵ𣿡
ǣǿЦ
ԱߵĴĿЩ壬ǶЩ¶ʲôıˣǾù
ڹ˵ͣʱſںȻ߽һˡ
һ֣˶죬ƿԡ
Ůһͨλ·ֻεһνȻͬһΣż飬һΣȴıľ
˵ĿⶼֱûλϣվλߣұҲḷ̌ڣǺɫϸ鲼
һƬȻ
ô£
ѵŮҪλԼŮˣôܣ
Ҳˣҵ뿪
ǰҲ뿪

мվ׼뿪ʱ
һȺʿӿ룬ųվࡣ
ľ̨˵ǲüȼʽȻͿԻȥˡ
˭ᣡĸ£
Ů£ôˣ
㵽Ҫλ˭㻹ǵǶ˹𣿣㻹֪Ƕ˹𣿣

Ůޱ飬ȻݶҪҧˡ
ûлͷ·ֻܰճ̸ָʾȥ
ܱŮʥǵˣһȺʹǽͷݣɲûйܡ
ٴΰ
Ҫߵſڵʱ򣬳ÿ˹ͣ£Ȼָ˹죬Ȼ̧ͷ˹Ц
˹𣿡
ҡͷ¡
˹ס֣߰ɡ
Ȼһ˲
߽ŵһ̣̾ʲôˣ·߶ʿʿѹȫڵסˣ̨̿ϵĿתŮ˳䶨ķɸУֻҪһû˴ʽͻ˳е
̽ץſ˹ص֣ׯصߵ̨¡
Ůƺ˺ܾõ裬ֱ̿Ҫûĵʱš̨֪ףȻʾ̰
ȴûйֻü˵ϰվţɡ
ŮҲûг̵ֱֻ̧֣ۣƽ̯ڳͷȻÿһιڱʱҪףѵ롣
֮ڡ
ο˹վڳԱߣ̲ûĺڡǸˣӦûһڵĿʽ
ԺԸ˹شϵġ
Ůڡ
ǵһǲԼ֮ῴһĻֲҳֹ
Ůάڵƣά˺ܾá
ֱ˹ؿһۡ
ŮŴ˫ֲţڴ˳̵ͷϡ
ϵĺ챦ʯһԡ


239 
ΪҲûʲô仯 ֻǳס⻼ Ȱʥȶڸˣ п˹ȥܡ
һ˵ľ Һп˹ؿ԰ֵ
סĵһ죬̾˹滮˱ȽҪķ䣬֮ǰ飬 ûһ̶ķ䣬Ҳûλ  ǹȥˣ ߱ ܲӹǾͲһˡ
̾Ͷ˸ҡ
Ȼ˹ѡЩõϡ
֮⣬ ̻˴⣬ ʳó ȫǵ˶졣
ҪȶģοǸҴΪ˰ѳȥ ΪԼܻúô
̵Ȼǡ
ǵܶ˺ûԼ ܲһֱԣ ȻҪ£ Ҫס

Ҽڴ ˺Լ졣̵˵ڹֻҼڣǻϸ˵ʮڣʮڣԽԽá
Ǹʵۣæͷǣ¡
ߺ󣬳̲Լĺףñ̫İˣܲϰߡ
̺ܿƺ֮Ժʼֽдļƻȶʥǣ˸ˣȻһֱǿȥǣѹ嶼еʥУ룬ҪѹǶŪȻԼ˹ȥӹܣÿǶҪפȻڵʿ
פ̫࣬嵱˺͹ԱС
ĻҪһ꣬Ļꡣ
ڳкܶʱ䡣
Ȼл裬·Ϊ˴λлɡ
Ƿչнѡ١
ʼ϶ܿѡ٣ΪֵĶȨ׼ڰѿƾŪǸȨ󿪷֮š
һѡٺҪҪӵݣѡһѻᴦԣŹȥķ˵Ȩ
٣׼ƽԼƾ٣Ȼʥǽܶѵɨäֱϸڡ
ǵ·⣬·ʲôܸɣЩԱʻֱ·ϣߵʱ꣬ߵʥѾˡ
ǳ붼ˬ
̸ԼһƻҪǴӹջسȻ·
ԱֱӴӵصĹԱȥල
ʱ򿴸ˡ
ͷǳ̵ˡ
̿ƻ飬ԼдĻϸʲôṤҵعҵͨͨŰɣȽԷ⣬ٽס⡣
̶Լڿĵĸо
һҹȻвͬչѸ࣬ȴж־ˡ
ͨһؿһء

³
˺һͶ³еظԼȥ
ȥȼʱ򣬾ȼ˾ЩŶӵ˺쿪ʼǾͲȼˣ֧ǰ
ȻейǸȣӸҪһ㡣
𣿡ʿ³
³ͷˣ
Ǹõ룬⻹ȥҰҪġ
ϾƵ룬ֻҪþͲӡ
ѩѵǰߡ
ҪߵʱѾԶԶĿ˰ɫһֱƮȻܿʧֻǿţ˾ů͡
Ѿȵ˺ůˡ
ȻȼҲʳȼʳҲ޵ģԽԽ֮ÿ˴򵽵ĺϡģˮҲԱʮǧ
³ǵʱѾ˳ӣһʮڹ⻹ûĹƺĺһͰһ֪װܶණ
˺ǺܿѡԼٵĶ顣
³ĶӽиͣǰѱЦϣܳԵɵġ
³촽ŶӣһڸɵľС
Ա߶ŵ˵ǻãոҿ˺ȥԱ߳ԵģɵĲ࣡˶Ӻأ
˶һ
ǳ̴˺á
ýдˣýб£¾һֱΪЩ룡
˵»ҹ
ôõ£
㲻֪ܸ֪ɣرˣǱµĹԱˣ
֪һͷͷ𣿡
ԣֲǹ壡Ҳû飬ԣ
ԽԽûȣǰôЩأǰֻӣǶʼԼҲһˡ
ֻǵµģҲð
µסأ
ֻп³ţĶʲôʱŵ
Ϊһ޵ģʢ˾Ҫӣõʱ򷹺ܿ죬ʢҪ
Ҳ̫죬ܵڲС
òֵ³³ݹȥȴֽסֱϸö࣬³̧ͷľһŲôƯЦݲõŮ˵
Ůһ߸һ˵ȥǱ߳԰ɣٳԣͷ̻ˡ
³˿ĭͷŮ˷죬ϷŹ̫ˣ˶ԷҲ
Ů˰Ѵݸȥɡ
³ĬŽӹȻȥԱߡ
÷˶̻ʡ
³˸ٵĵطֱ֮ץһ
䣬˹ʱһѾòˣһҲûѿ³̵
ͷһڽһ
Ѷʱ򣬿³ѾԹˡ
³ȥһζӡ
Ϊ˶һ뷹ҲΪ˶࿴ǸŮһۡ
ûκŮǿģҲֻǶ࿴Էۡ
ѣȥɣҳҲȥ
죬³Ĵζӣ
ǳԵһ˾ûԵ̫ҲȥĴΣ̫ˣҲˣٶů͵ġ
˳ԱԺҲůˡ
պԼ룬һסߡ
˺סĶûķӣЩܻµķӣûˣҲû˹ܣǽȥ֮ϯض˯һס˺õ㣬Ͼʹһ磬һȺ˼һҲȻ
ڶ³ȥŶӵʱŮ˻ǣֻһδ򷹵ʱŮ˶˵ߣл
³ŵؿģ
Ů˵ͷȻģǱ·ԸģҪл¡
³һϲҪйˣ
Ů˻ӻ֣ȥ԰ɣ滹˵š
³ˡ
Ȼ˺ûߡ
ĲһˣûȣȺֻܱ߱ߺҪɨֵĻѩԸɻĵס·ÿٷ˺бÿʮöͭң
˺ǻ࿴һǾͷˣسǱȥΨȥ˾ûǵλӡ
³Ҳܣһδô
ߵĻѩʱһˤ˼ΣһαѪˤˣûȥûʲôȹҪˡ
ᣡҪԶ˺
Ψһһθı˵Ļˡ
ܿ˾ټˣһЩһɣֻԾȼõ⣬󲿷˶Ը⵱ɨѩ

һǧٶˡ
٣ÿֵûˡ
ʱǾ͵õʱǷ·Ҳ˴ȥסʮ˻ֵһ䣬ÿ춼ֵľ̿ȥܺúůůͣ̿ʱҪѴһ죬Ȼ棬𣿡
˺ǳɤӺ˴ˣ
˵úøɻǰһǱµ͡
˺һ±ơ
ΪҳʵԱҳϣҲǸˣԸңֻҪһʵҳϣҲԡ
˺ǣ
ڹǣԿޣ
һʱ֮侹Ȼֱ治


240 
˹ϣ һװºͿǷֿģճĳۡ
ǺƺƵĴ⣬ħҲ˽ȥҲ̴ڱҲ֮ء
п˹غħڣýʲôս ֱײˡ
ͶĲɱ ס𣿡˹طԸʮ̹٣˭ɱͶģ ˭Ǯ
̹æ̬Ǽסˣ
ԭͣפСڳеʿȫȣ Ƕսˡ
ǲŴӳ֪ǵѾǿϵ˹Ĺǹʿ֮¾ һ졣
㷨 ǿɱĺͷ²ĵ
ʿûбı£⼸ʱ䶼ѧϰô̡
̶򲻺ãؼҳԲݡ
Ҳڲ ȻǸСŮˣ û˻С ӵͨûеĵ ȺҲһָ󣬼ʵսܷӺܴáô˵ɣˣֻҪѼܼ˿Ѫٶȡ
ǽϣϵʥǣѸȷ˸ʿӪկĵص㡣
ڱ׼һӵڱϿʼͶ
ְͶˣ֮ǰǸ󵯹Ѿдڵĳˣָըҩըҩи
ڱбеսģû˻Сǡ
ֻҪǹߣһа١
һӵ׼
סһ࣬ǵǰ㣬ѾԾԾԡ
˹ֱ̧ۡ
˵Ŀⶼעȵע
ʿǵȻӵ̣ӵ̺ͳݿ˹ǲͬģӵ̣ŷݿ˹أΪ˹ǿֵ
˶ĽǿǿʲôǶԵģ²ԣҲֻЩź
˹ػ֣нȳ˳ȥ
̹ٺǽ
ڱҲʱ򳯸˵Ӫطڵ
ЩڵɱޣֻǱ֮ǰôһ㣬ٲըˡ
Ǿ޴ģըʱӾһתĴ
վߴ̨ųĻ⡣
ЩźԼܴ̣
ΪһֻûɱԭûеһΣͺͨԼ
ϴ£ڳ̵Ķ˵Ƕ˹ȥߡ
ڳǱܱǶ˹ģֻỤ̊˸ҪȥĶ
ǡ
ߺ󣬼˹ˡ
˹ÿ춼Ҫҳ̺üΣ̾ͻˡ
Ҳ֪ļԸⰲ˹˲š
ڣ˹˲ţֻʺϸ飬㷢ѶȾ͸һֻճȥࡣ
֪ļ̶Լ˹˵ѾðȥĶˡ
˹¶ϲɫ¡
̣ҪŪԺԺûй壬ֻҵĹԱԱƽ񣬶ܹ١
˹صɫ죬ĺü
ļ򣺡˶֪ģǹҲ㡣
ֿ˼˹һۣλȨܴҲΣգ¸㣬һԿңĶԼգһ֪ӦԼʲô³
˹ؾͲظ̱֤ˣһ촽£ҾṼҵΣǮ˵Ҫ
һŵģ˹ֻҪٻ֮ǰŮߵʱͷˮˡ
˹Ҫ̨һչʾԼų̂Ըȥ
̳˹Цڰˣһ𿴿棿
˹ز˼ЦЦ
˱ԽԽˣֻڿ˹ߵʱ򣬲Ż¶һǰӡ
̼ųĻ⣬˹Ա˵£һӮġ
̵ͷ֪
˹˵鲻ࡣ
̣Ȱ찾ȥɣ֮ǰЩʳ˶͹
˹΢ͷ˵Ǯˡ
ڳ̵֮ڣ֮ǰж·߼ʳӦǰܻĶ߰˰ˡ
֮ǰǺܸԣģǺ;ƴ˾޴棬۱Ȼƽ𣬶ȫ¢ϣ˰պƷũƷ벻ܶ࣬ȶ
֮ǰضϣȷʵó̵Ǯˮ
ʥ֮ûʲôҪǮĵطˡ
֮ǰ˹¶˺Լ̶˲ٶ鲼ºľ̿Լʳ㹻ʥǵ˳Źˡ
˵ҵĽõĲˣﻹв١
ȿ֮󣬿˹شȥЩջЩǵĳǱӦҲкܶ࣬öƽŵջû⡣
˹أء
ڰصԼľ֣ʱԷȸߵͣѹȥ
̣˹أûǾʲôҪóɼ˵㣬ǰء
˹æͷɬ˵¡Ҳǡ
̿һۣͬĻҪҶ˵ڶΡ
˹ز˵ǡ
̣°ɡ
˹صͷȥ
ֻ̨ʣ³̣̲ſ̾˿Լһٶǲˣ˹ŴĻʵۡ챻ΣϱΣһֻ˯ĸСʱĴڣҲлʵۣʮ겻ϳܹ£ȫӸڸһӣˡ
֪Լ뵱ǰߣĽߡ
ÿѹˣԼ˳ԺֻǳԺ֣̳˶Լġ
Ȼնϲǰһʵۡ
ȻֻΪһ˵һʵۻĸ֡
̺ǳһ˴֡
֪˹ܷ²ˣЩ²ܰѳǽһ£нֵɨ˳㻹ҪһЩΣˣ½ֵҲҪ¹滮
սϵĿ˹غȻתͷڵķһۣĵûͣ
𵶣˹Լذ׸˳ֻ֣սϣذײ絶ô
οűȻԼذףսϴĨ˲ӣ
Ҳܲ񻰣ȥ϶Ҫ߶
̶ԽԽ߶ˡ
ҲΪ˵˸ˡ
˹ط뵽ʥǼȻѾˣ˹¶Ǳ߿϶ҲȶˣԺȥϹܼҽӻɡ
ǸͷȻ˵㣬ܰԣԳ̵ĹģڳԼ⣬ֱ׵Ĺĳ̵ˣӦþʣǸͷˡ
Ϊ˳̣ͷķǿ͵ġ
˹ؿв˰ֱ˸ء
ӵĵطҲ̣ûбƵӣǿĵֿ
˹֪ʱͶûõġ
ǵĵƲС
˹ذѳһµĺ
һҰƵ
̵ʿһ
ǾؿȺûãһֽ˲ŵٶȼս
˿ĭ
ո·ϣĳ˸ոȥŤһ˵Ĳӡ
ճȭͷ
ˡšȻеӢ


241 
һο˹ǻԴй͹Աڳӭӣ Ŵ򿪣 վǰſ˹صķ Ŀ⼫ᡣ
˹ڿ쵽ʱ ˣӸԱվŵİȥ
˵ľֻʣ׵ʱ ˹
ʱӲҪ͹û һ˵Ӻ͹ ֻǾϹʾ⣬Ȼ̫ܱʾؾˡ
йŴҲÿй
Щũ˼⣬ ٲù
Щ ϳʱ Ҫ
̲ùǸʲôö
ʾ𾴣 ùµ˸Լݡ
ˡߵ˹ǰ
˹̧ͷų̣Цá
̣²˶ˣ
˹أ򡣡
̣Ķˣ
˹صͷҵʱȥɨս
̵ͷ
ɨսǸϰߡ
Цȥɣ׼칦硣
ⳡ칦ȫǻһģ Ҳܵõһʳ͡
ɫҲܼ򵥣 Ƿ ÿ˶ܳԱɣ극ÿܵõһС鵰⡣
ס˿˹ص֣ǣſ˹תߡ
һȺʹ󳼿ǣһ֣۾ˡ
ûйɫǶ˽»ơǣԼ˵֣ôڽϣһЩϹŰιȥ
ҲΪλϾǴСطģǡ
Ҫȥ̵ʱܽǡҪһλʦߺܶλʦʦǡ
صԺ󣬳̾ùʹ󳼸ظҡ
ߵʱ򣬹ʹ󳼶ɵˡ
ǻȥһָԼıӣĲ˼顣
ȻأҪǻȥ
ǻ࿴
ȻǶԸ⵱ͷ񡪡ȷʵ̽¹ûԼȥԣȥԡ
ǲߣֱˡ
ҲΪԼǳ̵ˣܳΪҲǵĹ𣿸ο̻ŵǾλء
ҲҪߣ
ͷ߲ߣҲˡ
ưͳԻʵʵȥ
Դӳ̵λ֮󣬾ûټǣȫˡ
ʿǰѿһѣ¶ĵȥԷãûѩյشɨ֮ΰʣڳϣϲˡ
ΪˮϯԸʿûһˣƤĴչȥ׼սֿڳԵġ
Ҳ¶ģ˵ǳʵǴӣ˼ڹ
ź滹ɣӲ࣬СͿб顣
ʳһЩˣÿһֻѬѼ
ҲЩƣȺ̫ˣɱĵһֶֻĹ˹ˡ
֮ǰĳ˳һĴָ
һԼͷҪϵ̫ˣһɱˡ
ŶԷʲô֣
ֿЦҽʯͷ
ıЩŹ֣ʯͷ
ʯͷͷϲʯͷ
ı˲٣ǰҲū
ֻūû֣ŻЩԼ
ʯͷͷǰɡ
ȻҲ֪㲻㣬˵ǣԷ϶ͲôѺˡ
Ǹʯͷ
ԺʯͷͲ˵ˣһ˶ʼ̻ʣԵͷҲ̧
ոմ̣ķ˲Լܹһͷţ
ͱˡ
ʯͷԱĿɿڴؿ
ֱ׳˵ҲôûҲԵ㣬㿴ݵġ
ʯͷԼĸ첲Ҳݰ
ȷʵݣûʲô⡣
õϡ
ʯͷ
˵ţ˵
¶ԷΪ֤ԼԣҪȡ
Ŵһ˵绹ڳôʥǣ
һ߳һ˵˵ҪʰĶߵľҪ
ҽƱһֳԷˣҪչ˵ʿһˣٰѹĻ
ڵ⼫ˣϲӪһжйأʼʱǻ˺ŷ־Ӫܵĺϡ
ǾѵѵʱͻĹһ
ǵܴһֶǻˡ
ȵĸĸһԷ
ȵĸ⣬һ˶˾ӪķÿµľûܴھӪˣǮӡ
ְֻ׼һ㣬ԴӾһֳԺȥˣ϶١
׼ʱǰʿЦ
СӵļһЩ۸ƽĺӣæܹȥ
ܹȥ֮ŷ֣֪˭ûúӣһԽܱһȺ
Ӷɵ󵨣һ߼һЦʿҲû̫ãͰǷˣԼݹȥӳԡ
ϲץɣȻú㡣
ܵҲŽһץɳԣʣµҲû˷ѣһһڣһԵĸɸɾ
СƤСӳһͱˡ
ǵĸףվڲԶֱš
Ҳûȥǲʿʴʲôġ
̰Ǹ棬ȻǴǣҲǡ
ǿ˭ıã˭󡣡
ûСʿЩصݶһһ㶵ġ
սȭͷҽҲҪ
ʿЦŮɲף㿴ǡ
ʿָȥָһȫŮˡ
Ҫһ첲ǴȻֲС
ԾͶϲ£ˣŮǵĸ첲ֿԼСϸ첲⧲Ϳ˳һߴһ˵ҡҲҪôֵĸ첲
ŮԼλϺǵĸ첲ǵĴȴ֣һȭǵͷŲţ
ʿ˵˵ģǣȥͷɡ
æ˵ҸӿЦģ
ŮǳŮǵģսֲǱ˭첲֡
ʿŸСŮ˵úóԷúó󣬳ӪֻҪѵҲܵ
СŮĨɾ᣺ҿ϶
СкŽ˵Ҳ
˸Բһ鿨ʿǵл֮ǣˡ
ǵĸ׿߹ֵæܹȥӱڻСʲôǱ߶ǵģ
һ㶼£ĸ˵裬ԺҲҪ
ĸףһŮʲô˸ɵ¡
㲻ǱҲŮ˵
ĸװŮǰˣūҲֻܸ˸һĻŮǲЩµġ
ضŮ˵ŮӦڼɻ
һȥսһ
ֻūŮ˲Ż˵Ļ𣿡


242 
̼ôһǵ˻ȥϡ
˹ڴ쵽֮ǰҪˣ Ҫһ֮ǰ¿ʥǵһСĳС
Դӳ̺Ϳ˹֮ Ǵûзֿôá
᲻ÿ˹أ ˿˹֮⣬ ûиŵˡ
ǰǸ˹رȣ̻Ǿÿ˹سȥʤ󣬺ķѵʱ١
һһŻ
˶ϴ֮󣬳ڿ˹صϣÿ˹ϸ鲼ʪͷ
˹ĸ̲ͷá
̱۾˵û뿪ҳһܡ
˹ЦЦǾͻȥ
̣ǳ⣬ Ҷš
˹ǵķȸˣ᣺һ»һΡ
̿г¸ˣ
 ſ˹һڡ
˹ߵ죬ȫǵУ ʱѩѾˣ ҲֻôһްһԼһ򣬹ʹһһʵǱ̵֮ˣ ǵʳ·ԼǮ ̽ضˣ Ǳ뿴̵ɫԷ
ûأ ʧȥأ ԼϵĹûצǣ һҲɲʲô
̵ʿҲˣ ԭҵı˳̵ľӣ һвƽΪܲͲͳԱӣżԵ⣬Ҳ˾
кܶѾ˵Ĺ¶ûмͥŮŮ˾ӣӳ˲м߲ܣûõսĻȥڱ
ڸȵķ²̶ȥ޲ĹˣÿٺȽϡŰǡ
Ͼ׳ʱǺģ̲׼üͿȥ
̿ʼԼ˰λǰĴ󳼣Ȼ£˻ӹȥ
ǰ˳Ҳû׼ȫãģȥңЩԼͻ
ʼů̾ͽ˵һ˿ղ顣
󱨵ϵԤġ
һ֮󣬳˿ʣ¶ʮ˶ū
ѡʱղΪ˿ڲΪ̫ʱÿ춼ʲ˱ղˣһѣͳƳݲôϽů֮Ҳȶܶ࣬Ҳᳬǧ
ķҲͳ˳Ȼɳ̵ȥۡ
Щݻᱻ޼ҿɹˣЩֱӸǮԹծÿֻнܱ֤꣬ʳ﹩Ӧ
̽˼ȽϼªĹӹǣƺʹĺ
⣬ʼ·޲ĳǽ
ԭЩʥǣΪλӣµĻ
ϵһСľŮʰԼСϻһӣ׼š
ɷһĺҲڱϣһšҪȥжѺӷǶȻȥϹ
Ǯ𣿡Ӳ̫ɷļԣ֮˺üΡ
ɷεˣʮöͭҡ
жܱˣʮֻҪʮöͭңǵ̣ԺȺˡ
жųֵģȷ̻ڹˣΪǮĴ˻ȥѺӷڼﲻȫȥϹǲͬģæܱܲźӸɻټһˣˣһ춼öͭҡ
ǾһЩŮˣȽϴȻŪˡж
µĺһһöͭңϣµĺһöͭҡ
ǰܳԶġ
ȻôܿûжŮڸСĺϻѵʱ;
׬ͷġ
ϾôĺӣһٺԲöͭҡ
Ů˾ܹסʮĺӡ
ճֵжܵĲ࣬Ҳǹܺǵٷǲܣ⣬ܾˡ
ǮĸҲ԰ȥӻܸͬ˴һ棬Щľĸĸ׼һЩСߣúӴȥж档
Էڶ··ǸҲ繤Ķ࣬ںȶҸɵööࡣ
ǷޣһֱǺ·ÿñȷֿɵ˶࣬Ǽٵʱһöͭңʱ߰ö
ӺɷжǰǮ˹ŮˣȻźͺǴкǸӺúദͼҴҵˡ
·϶ɷ˵Ҫܽͺˡ
ɷ̾˿ǲǱ̫ˡ
ӿԼ֣ĽԼھӣھǸסĹѸΪܵÿ졪һ磬Ա磬ͱȥÿֻҪһһ˾öͭңһԼô࣬죬ھȥһͲ֡
ԼѾˣ᲻͡
ɷעⲻģԼ֣ĬŸɷһȥɻ
ٸһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ҲȥһƿͰɡ
һɻĺܶ඼ū˺͵ؾܶ࣬Щ˺͵ؾ͵í˾ӵǮÿ۸ٶĻֻٷǸ˶ٻᱻַӵǮǮˣǾõǮˡ
ɷԸӸؾͰ˴򽻵Ȼˣ壬Ǳ߹ġ
ʱ򶼲áƺ壬á
ͷɻ̫ԽԽߣȫ¶Ǻûͣ
ȥȿˮɣĨ˰Ѷͷĺɷ˵
ɷͣߣȥȵˮ
ˮʱҪŶӣʱҪҪˮ˶಻ࡣ
ȥʱǺˮĸ߷ڣ˺͵ؾǰ档
ɷӵ֣׼ȥӡ
ȻĶӣҪ嵽ؾͰ˵ǰȥ
СĵؾָԼӦܻծһ̧ͷͿһԷҪԼǰ漷
ƽʱĻؾᵱûʵʵ˺һͻ
ǽ죬ؾѾʮˣܲ˵ҪŶӣҶ˺þõĶˣһкܶûɣ
ӳ˳ɷ°ڣЩ˼
ɷȴֱ׳˵ؾںӦõģ
ؾôӦõģֲǷʲô
ɷͷŵؾӵؾܸʲôūū
ؾһˣ߰˸ؾؾǷ߷߲ƽǲū񣬺һҪūǸūȵĻһˮأ
Ӹ˼ˣɷԱ˵ȥɡ
ɷӲţԸʾ˵ôūˣ¿û˵ǵ񡣡
İҲںзӣйˣ
ɷǰҲ˿ؾͰ˲˳ۣūҪūӣôô˵
˷ʱ͵ؾѾչ˶ʮ˵Ĵս
µæ˹ȥܡ
巢ͻܶŹС£һ˵˳
̣ЦʲôʲôЦģǼ¡
졣
֪ôС¡֮ūɾ޴Ӱ졣
ʥǸׯ԰˵²ͬСءģءڵʱ䳤ˣͻΪĬϹ
Ҫ֡Ĭϡøʱ;
ʧܡ


243 
ԭׯ԰ʱ Ϊøг ٰһѼ
ʥвͨġ
̾Լܲһǵ˶ˣ ҶκӾ澺ɣ
һ°취ܰѶǲμӹӰ콵͡
˹ⷽȻǿԸ̳ıߵˣǱϾʱˣԷ屧нĺӡ
ǳ⣬̻ҪʱȥŤתǵ˼롣
ûôʱ䣬 Ҫ̵ʱڽìܡ
˹¶ͷţǰѴ
ԽԽá
ͷǡ
ǵؾϾһֱľˣ ̾һְ ôȥʥǵķ塣
һؾԱ붼֪ٷˡ
ԼĺףԼҪôԣ һͺ
⿿һȻǲеġ
˴⣬Ҫ취

ӣĵؾţڸ˵Ĵǰ
ڴӸϳˣ ȻᣬΪԼţ Ӷסˡ
ӳĵؾЦôˣ˭ţ
ĵؾ˵Ǹģ˵Ǳȥʥǡ
һ㶣 æӹţ ȲĲ Ӵäˣ˹¶ˣˣʶһЩȽϳĵʣɴ£Ҳܶһţ֮ǰȥʥԺİѧУЩһ飬ƽм䣬ǺĻˡ
ϸذſ꣬Ц˵ȷʵȥʥǡ
ԱߵĽӴ˶Ҫȥʥˣһ֪ʲôʱȥء
ӣú£ǮˣȥĶС
Աߵ˶۹ɤӣȥ˵һ֮ҲڣҲ͵ʱץס˻ǻᷣ
ǺЦˣǿɲḷ́Ƕʵʵģ̻ĺˡ
ӵܸͬˣҲܼӣһȥɣ
ҡҡͷ
ͬǣΪʲôҲȥʥǣ˵ʥǺܴĸ˹¶ô󣡡
̾˿ʥȷʵܴҲȷʵĸ˹¶ô󣬲ؾͰ˻ţͷˣʥūҲҪȥ𣿡
ЩĵؾѾ˺üǴһʼĲ֪룬ϰ
֮ǲŷֵūԭôʹ࣬ūԭôڰٻȥūԸΪȥ
ؾǻ࿴
ЦЦȥľ͸һȥɣû˵Ҵȥ
ط֪Ѿˣ˹¶⼸Ǿ֪ġ
ΪǹǵĵҲ
ڡ硱ĸо
аȫС
δ׼ϹܼһȥûдߣĶǵؾ
ţͷ˲ԸߡǹȶԸȥðգҲԸߣǵĴôȣָߣȥʥǻҪͷܶûҪ
ǵؾǸнȡ
ھ壬ǵǺȥǲҡ
ϾĶɣԽĵط˵Խ¡
嵥սǿҲûһǿһ壬ǾͲǾˣ
ҲûȥģǶ˹¶ʥǵ˿֪˲ٹʥǵ£ʥǵ··ֱȫйҲΪһڳԵŮʥǵĹر࣬·һʧضײü壬ҪŪƽ񣬶ظʲôΣ̫ࡣ
ʥǻ˹¶
˵Ѹٵˡ
ǰĽסʥǵƽģϾʥǣҵЩ˹úá
֪䣬Ƕʥƽʧˣȡ֮һֻԵõͬ顣
˵ʱֻԼŵĵؾԸȥһС뻹Ϊ֧ߵʱ̫ѿ
֪ʱЦá
˵ؾ⣬ҲԸһߣԴǰһ֮˾ͿʼϣӲȡ
ӿ̺ߣæ˵ˣҴ׻ϴ·С
ŶһѴӵõ·Ž
ʰĺܿ죬ǰһӵţڶϾܳ
ԭΪϹܼһʰĺϾˣôͣͨƽʱ򶼸ԼĹ׼ʱɽȥˡ
ڶŵؾ׼ȥصŵʱ򣬸յͷϹܼѾϵˡ
ӣ
컹ûʲôʱͿʼˣ
ϹܼҿԺһԺ˵ڵ˶̵ġ
ӺЦһԸ˫·֮
ؾûдӵĴˣϳʮ˼һ
δӴʮؾȥܶؾǸճ겻ãūĹȥ˵ϱôңԶ
һǵؾūݵһ
ؾҲͨ飬ĻǶĸ׵塣
Ůؾͨ࣬ĻѪǵؾ
Ҳеؾͨ飬ֻźԽԽߡ
ħҲͨ飬ӵĺ١
ֻҪ϶ħ塣
ؾǶǵһ뿪˹¶ǻһ˷ܺһʥӦǸʲôĵط
ʥǿ϶кܶˣ
˵ˣ֪ʥǵĵؾǲǸһ
ǸǴһ·ʥǵҲ𣿡
˵Ǵõ·
ҲڸϹܼ졣
Ϲܼҿƽ񣬿ūΪƽţūţ࣬ڵϹܼҲ֪ǱӰˣʹˣȻת˹
Ϊƽūţ
ǿҲƽˡ
֪ʥǹôϹܼʵˮ̾˿
ӿŴķ羰ʥ鷳
ϹܼҵĿ˲ʲô鷳
ӣʥҲкܶ壬ڱǶ񣬲ƺ̫Ը⡣
Ϲܼңˡ
ǰֱ̿ôӹĶūϽ֣ūūļҡ
ٶסūס壬巢֡ūôۣͲᷴԵ̫ԡ
ʱ䳤ˣ֮г
ʱΪ˹¶С٣ұֱȽϻҡ
ʥǵĻֻᱬĳͻԲܰ취ֱӰᵽʥȥ
ϹܼҺȻˣԱ²Žȥ
ӵͷ
ϹܼңҾ֪ȺɵСʲô£Ҫб£»ȥ𣿡
ӣ
ʱ˿̣ķֱ治Ϲܼڿ
ϹܼҺ˿ˮһ˵һĭ֪Ҿ͸øһȥȺСʲô£
ӱϹܼһĭֲ˲û˵
Ϲܼ˰ȣܿҪʲôʱܵߣ
һ뵽ԼҪϹܼһһ£ޡ
Ҳ֪µôͷġ
ڿ㱨ĳ̺Ȼͷһ˸硣


244 
ڵ˺Ϣ ˹شľӽʱ䣬ͰܱߵʮǴ
׼ȷ˵ЩǸûһս֮ սʱ̾˿
Ϊʲôɹŵڵʱᱻŷ˽ϵ֮ޡˡ
򲻹ͰѶԷ񻰣ͲԼˣ ǶԷ̫ǿ
ǿоݣ ̫
˹زȡսҲܼ򵥴ֱڳ⺰ н
ԷͶǾֱӴȥ ըҩһţʱټ̵ĳǽû赲
Ȼ󴳽ȥ͹˴ʥǣȻһЩʿ ǿǣñصĹ¹
ôЩǾȻûң  Լλʱ ûȥƽ
ֻƽӣһ· ֳûʲô£ ֻȥˡ
ȻȨ֮ƣ ЧȳĺһЩ
ƽӦǺǿģ֪ôԼá
ڱĹǡ
ֻܹǣ
˹ǱãҲͰѾ񶼷ʥǵķչϣ巢ĳͻԽԽ࣬üζչ˴ͶŹ
Ϲܼҿ߷ʮǺϵʵ£Ϊʲôգ
ϹܼҺʹѾʥˣһͱ˳ȥϹܼѸٽţ˼ϹܼҾèҳ
̾˿ΪʲôͲʵһ㣬Ҫأѵǰ嶼һ飬ܶöͭ𣿡
ΪԼ壬Ҳɻ干飬屻۸ģ۸壬ͺͷۡ
ؾͰ˶ôʵˣֲ£С۸˼Ҹʲô
ϹܼҿǣҲܣݺݵ˵Ǿǹ̫ˣɱͷµģǿ϶
̫Ѩͺˡ
̵ĵἤìܣɱҪôɱ
Ϲܼ۵ôæҪΪģǾһٴҲ㹻
ףʲôԷ𣿡
Ϲܼ˵ȥ̾ԼҪˡ
Ϲܼеʣ¶ˣ
̲ǵͷ߰ɣһȥԷ
ĳǳ̴ùҪģԼԸ⣬ùϰ̸֮ʹԼĶÿر
רŵˣÿ̵֣ʳ⣬ʲôùܣΪ˽һֱ˵û
̲Էʱ䣬ɣÿ𴲣ÿʲôʱʲô˯
ҳͻߣÿöͭңͭңһЩʣµʳҲߣ߷ָˡ
ǳǰ붼ġ
ֱһĺӡ
߳ò֮󣬳֣Գ˵л𣿡
æ˵У
˰ѻץ￴˿㹻ʣ˵ɡ
ץ˸˵Ц
ȥʸɾȻƺƣŵһߣſʼˡ
ҪһǴ㣬ҪľǵǴ֭
óӣһǣһǰ״ס
Щ״׻Ǵ˹¶ģ۸ɲˣרȥ˴ô
֪ĳĻش
״ҪرӵĹ򡪡ġ
ҪС󣬻˹¶һֱԼһЩˮֻ˹¶еľ
Ҫ󣬻Ҫ֮Ȼ󷢽ͣ͵ʱҪޱ鲼͵ʱÿ춼Ҫ裬ŵȽζʹˣζǾǷͻˡ
ͺ֮ͼˮȻˣ˳΢΢Ƶľǰ״ס
ҲԹ˵ڶΣһεĴζŨ
֪ԺͷԼ׵Ĵ㣬ɡǮҪ
׺ܿͷʥǣʥǵƽڶбȽȶĹǮ״Ȼˣһ޿úܾãԼҼһỨǮһް״׺ͽ͡
ЩȽϸԣĻ򼦾
ڵļüģʱһףʡ
ܶ෹ݻ˹
˹¶
ֳҲ˸˷˲ٽ
Ǵ֭֮󣬳Ϳʼ׼ˡ
ҪһɳҪ׼һƷ
ɳõĲ˾ʵҰˣһЩΣټһ㵰ƽô򵥵ǳζ
ƽǱ¸ôģֻҪƣɢ֮ŽĥõǷۣȻõŨټһ㶹ͼ򣬵ȵƺȫںϣͼһЩ״ף裬رϲƽ׼ȷ˵û˲ϲ
ĵƽʣˣͻָȽϲˣǰѵƽĨϣһԵĽζ
ֻҪеƽԺ󶼿ֻ
ǼСһϣʱһκһϣ㣬㣬ϻƮһ͡
Ͳġ
ƷǺ춹ĵ⡣
һ׼֮󣬳ϲˡ
ԼҲûţЩʣµı߽ŪŪҲͦóԣÿʱ򣬾ڳϲʱ
ǿԳԵ²ܳԵʳȻֻٵһ㣬Ҳܡ
ϾˣֻܳԺ
Ǵ㲻̻ǵһγԳǴ㣬֮ǰȻ˵һֱûΪ׼
Ա˵ǵܶΣڵζõģŸ͵ǰ
̣
ʵأͷҲʳҵͷ
ֻ˵ĺܺá
˸ˣ˵ȥɣҲȥԵ㶫ʰ
˲Ըߡòڱǰ¶ȥ˵¾ãأ
˵ڵǰҲֻǸͨĵ͵͡
ҹûҲ񻰡
˲Ըߣ̲ŷӦԼǵְͨ
ЦЦʾϹܼһԡ
ϹܼƷʳܵڱ߳ԵãԴʥԺ󣬰ȾûоµĲɫˣÿ춼弦ţţš
мšϹܼҺȻڰˡ
̣𣿡
Ϲܼңǰ˹¶һëûôҲûôӲȻɫ࣬ó˺ܶࡣ
գգۣ˿ĭҲ֪ܲܰѻ
ỹãһֿʼˡ
ϹܼЦʱʲ˹ʮԺӦܵ
̸ˣ˵á
ڵĿֺܼ򵥣һʳ㹻ˡ
ȿ˹ػǻһ⡣
óǰ˹صһδҰʱ
Լ
ǰĳΪǾǸڡ
ڳŷǿ˹
̳һ⣬Ȼ˹ء
̫ˡ
극ҲûʱϢÿ춼кܶҪ
ߵ˲ֲࡣ
Ϲܼڵ̵֪ķպ˵£ù壬Ƕʶ֣ܹҲء
û˵
Ϲܼң㲻õǲǱôãڵĴ
̵ͷǾ԰ɡ
ҪǵȺô
˷ǲãţҲ̫ԡ
Ȼˣûǵã˿
̲̫Ը⿳ƽ񣬵һ㶼ۡ
Ͼ˳Ժ֣Ȩ⣬ĥ


245 
ˡ˹Ƿ ȻһͰߵηǰ ηĹǣ ĺ޲
ʼȺ屻ʱһ춼ܵУ ʱˣ ûоˡʵȺÿֻ֪ԹΡ
֮ ǲ˵㾫񣬵ҲԸչȥȣ ԭأζнѬա
Ҳ÷ϻóľһʢú űϣ Լá
ˣһķ˶Ĺȥһ롣
ǰǿɴûԹЩĹ壬 ˵Եжζ ǲȱġ
ʮ˼һη飬 ҹǵָף ϻԼй
ҲֻóĬʾԼˡ
ķ˶λһ뻹 ׼ȥһ롣
ֵʱڶˣ ոջڳһмһ˵ӣ 
Ͼһֻһٷ
𼷣
ʲôˣ
˭ңǲ
СĹòһ æ˵ȥԡ
Եúܿ죬 ҲԼ᲻ᱻҭס

СĹæĴԼظȻҭסˡ
תͷԼ壬æ˵塣
߹ԣ֮̾˵Ҳ֪Ҫضá
µıûɱǣܻǷųȥɡ
Ǻֹ۵ģֻҪûгԵģϣͻᡣ
忴ԼıԼʣһĺݹȥ԰ɣᣬҳЩ͹ˡ
ֱ˲죬ҡҡͷֻô϶壬Ƕԣǲлȥ
һȦηſڵֹѾԼϵˡ
̾˿ǡҰ̫ˡ
Щ΢ЩûôĹ嶼ҪЩɹ壬ԼҪ¹ǿ·ڻţҪġ
֮˶Ѿˡ
˭öԷľ̫ǿ˭ǵʱûѡӣҲûеһʱͶ
Щ˵ģôᱻĵطϲܹñƽá
ЩͶģȻҲʥǣûһηӵһ䡣
ֻǣһȺ˹һֳԲҲ˯á
ʱ䳤ˣԼѾˡ
벻;Ϊ顣
ܻ
ǳŷǿ˯ʱηĴźȻˡ
˯ûı̧ͷã߽ˡ
Ѿܳʱûмˡ
߽ηЩܵסԼıӣԱģάһ·
ֻӳȥ
ϰηζűӣվڹѺǵ⣬һȦһָһ߶˵⼸Ū
ȻΪʲôʵʵİǼŪη
еб塪ǵΪֹɱȽ棬ûĿ¶Թ޵ˡ
ӻ֣Ǹ
һ̶ȥˡ
ѺűǸ߳η
£Լŵĸоʪη󣬿ηǵ
վȥ֮󣬱ͳĹ嶼֪ʲôмСĻŵɫҰס
š
Ȼˣȥ˲ͬη˲ˡ
Ů
˶վһ֮˵˵ˣҪһᣬ֤Ǹ岻һֻԺֵķ
仰һոջ㷲Ĺһ
һ㰲ȥÿ˶Ҫͷ
Ǽһ𣬲ᷴŮԼͷ뻹Ҫ
ʹ˸ɫǾʹȥ裬ŮŮʹߡ
ڵ·Ҳˣֱյõǡ
ϵëüëҲҪ⡣
һĹ˼ʮСá
ǻֵ˷䣬ȻǴ̣ͨбͷηõöࡣ
ǻȥ̶ķй
ʱרŵȥ
ڹ˵⵹Ǹ顪Ҫ֪ǰĹŮϣǶģ
ÿ϶飬ڲУ氡
ҲѸٵͶ˹ЩҪľǻ¼롣
̾¼뻧Ϊ˲ˣкܶûй̶סַ¼ĺܲ˳˻á
ڹǱɻ¼ֵǹˡ
Щ˶ûûסַָʮҳ֡
æ˵£Ƕ޼ҿɹˡ
̾˿
û˵ķ𣿡ͷ۵̫Ѩ
󳼣Ҳ
ʥǵķӻһС¥ƶߣҲСľݣռܴ
ǾͼӸǣ̳Ƿôѣ
󳼳ǡ
̣ʲôǣǲ¾ǣһҪȫһΪʲôǾͲܶӣ
òУЩ˲֪ǲͨñͨǲ鷳֮һǳ򵥵£ǶԸԼ⣬鶼ûС
󳼵ͷ˳һٳ֮뿪
ԭǱͨˣҲȷʵô㱾£̸ռʱԼܳΪΡ
ˣһʼξΣڲԹ
ʲôԹģţûűȽʵȸԵĹ³õöࡣ
һʼЩ뷨ڿ̵ľ֮ɢˡ
ŲԼĲȥԳ̵ĵ
ӸǷӱȴļ򵥣޷Ǿǿػ˵Ǳש
ǷҲúܶ¹
ȷӵˣʥǵĴ󲿷˶˹̶סܼ¼뻧
׼ѳķŪⷿΪλĳ⣬ΪЩģǲǼ۶ȫ
ֻо˿롣
ȻһǸסߵġ
ϹܼҶˮ߽䣬ѷǵˮϣԳ˵£Ϣһɡ
̿ӣ۾̫ˣһõĶûС
ϹܼεҲ
̣ȥ˵˹¶ͰҮţǸЩ˲Źѵ˲ŶҪһȥ𣿡
ˡ
ÿñȼ磬˯ñȹһѹǣʹֻܾҵҵĴ
⻹ֻʥһط⣬뵽˹شµĳУгȥ;Լʵ̫ˡ
뵱ÿֻ֪ԺֵĻ
ȵڶû̸С̾˿
̸Уͱȥɿ˹ѾôæˣܲϢʱ䡣
ھŸ̸Уɱȥ򣬻ܶһǮ
ϣǱİɡ
ֻҪǮǾͽԴϲ


246 
һ޼ʵƽԭһǣ ʷƾã  ΪԶʥǣƽ ϰԼӡ
Ҳû뵽ǰһ칥ǣ ڶԼͻᱻץ
˹ؿűڳǱĹǣʿ˵ȴţ Ȱ⼸Ǵ֮һͻʥǡ
ʿ˵ã ſ˹ص۾ǳݡ
Ӫû˲ݿ˹ء
ǰΪײʿ ֻ֪˹̵ǵĽ̹٣֪˹˹ؾʲô̶ȡ
ڲͬ һ· Ķǿ˹һ˳󻹲Էˡ
ľӲͬ ǹ涨ģн̹٣ӪųСӳԼǰ
Ǿǳˣ һ˳ˣȫҪá
̸ͬ ֻҪһܣ лһȺҡ Ҳͱشˣ ذܡ
˹ۣûףױأϻ㡣
Ȼˣ첢ûбסһޣһģһա
ˣкܶӣ棬ֻҪңЩӶģ
ˣǲԣĲǡ
ĶǺˣ
˹һ·Щö䶼ҪˣһߣʿǱĲЩ֮ҪѺͻʥǡ
ǶϲڻӣѳǱһ򼸴ʮĽ㹻һˣꡣ
ҲģȽĹ岻˹ӲӲͨڿ˹ػûŵʱǾԼ򿪳ͶˣΪĲｻ˹֮󣬿ֵĵǰʥǣôܻһڷԣ̫ҡ
졣˹صɫܲ
˲Ķˡ
Ǵȥ˹ضʿ˵
ʿæȺһ˿š
˼æµ
ЩʿһЩ˹Ҳûܡ
ֻҪʿȥɧƽ񣬲ýӣһЩС⣬˾ˡ
ǰ⽻˹صĻ
оǿƣģʿѹԽԽÿԵĶսˣ˻ԼҲ
Ҫйġ
Ϊ˱ʿɣŴ̵ʱ򣬺ܶཫԼʿһطῴʿȥɱӡ
ЩǲȥܣЩǹܲˡ
ǲôԸܡ
̲ܷȥƽɱӣ˳ǵǱС⣬ֻ۱ֻҲ͹ȥˡ
Ǭ¡֪ͫ|̰ȴᴦúͫ|һΪͫ|±̰ø࣬λҪģڱףǱ״
ʿҲܶ£ȥɧƽ
ǿ죬Ȼ·
ʱҲϢҪĥûжˣϵˣսս񣬱Ҫ˵
ŴԼĵ߹ȥĥʯĥԼĵ档
Ŵĥʯá
ͷУϾĥˡ
Ŵߣ϶ˣǰˣ˶Զˣ˿ϾͻữŧȻŧĵطԽԽͲ߶ֻܵڲһսҽƱˣþƾϴ˿ڣٹҩ
ǾζǸ壬˵ġԶŴ˵Ҫ˵ǾƲܺȣԿ
ŴﳰЦûƾͲУ
̫ˣ
֮ǰֻȥƹٵĺһ㣬˵ˣպȳζͲҼˡ
ƼڱǼۻҪߡ
ͨƵǱׯ԰Ǳ˹ľƱˣûô
˵ׯ԰ľġ˵žͲ
ŴƾҲģ˵ȺȵľĴࡣ
࿴
ЦȥԺǺúúһ٣ڼȣȥƹݺȶˣƷ軹Ҫץ
ŴȽϰɣҿæýŲմء
ȷʵæʿʱҽƱæ
ϣзǯһĿ˵ʱͻҧȥôҲɿ
ʿ˿ڱȽϴ޷ȫֹѪҪϵʱϾͻó
Ӱϼյ˿ϣҧȥԺü
øɾ޲˿ڹϣÿ飬˿ϵĲˣٰԴŪ
Щ϶ҽƶ˵ǷǳĲƲܵõϵĹҽƶӶԼΡ
ֱӣ϶ĸоÿ챳صӣȫϺҲûбԹһ䡣
ܿ϶ĸлرûбõļνˡ
סһŵĺҽƱ˵
ҽƱæȵָʾʿסʿһͷ亹ҧѹҽƱǿ򢣬һľҧԼͷ
ǰǻͲˣΪʿΪϢ
ʱûñӺֱ˿ϷĶϣҪҽƱˣѲ˳ûսҽƱĲš
ҽƱһ˰סʿļһ˰סʿȣܴʿ壬ڶˡ
һԼŵСӴ򿪣Ȼ·ĶͳӣȻùһߵ룬Ǿƾ
þƾʿ˿ڣʿʹȫⶼڷ岻ͣ°ڶ
֮ȾӰϼгϵǯϾͻֱҧҪϺܾãϲŻɿ
ҺЩ϶ҽƱԼģ˺üĻǸɾģɳõҵɾɳɸ˼֮±ɹá
Ȱʿ˿ߵƤѹڿ£ȻһҽƱöԷάּѹĶԼۼֿİϴչȥ
ҧ֮󣬾ü
ϱˣĿεǡ
һϸʮʿ˿ڣ۵òΡ
ȵˮŴԼˮݸǽϢȡ
ȽӹԺ͹һڣлл
Ŵ㻹Ҫæ
ȵͷĨ˰ѺЦǴ̵ʱʵǻɡ
Ͼʱ򲻻ôϸµˣսҪʡʱ䡣
˵ʵ١
ֻϢʱǲŻһ˿ڣСҲҪϸĵͺæˡ
Ŵȵͷ㳤ˡ
ȡٺ١ЦҪҲôҾֱӵŮˡ
ŴҽƱҲ㲻Ҳ
ȣ֪ʲôʱܴꡣ
Ŵ룺Ļ꣬Ļ߰꣬ʱ䡣
ôð
ŴҲһڰôǶ˵Ͷĳǻø࣬Ǿˣһܻȥ
ȥǾúܶãŴﳩţӦܵų
ȣҲǹˣ
ŴĨ˰ѱӣ٣Ҿ׼ҸˣȫҵÿŮ
ȣҸӣ㲻𣿡
Ŵﾪȵ㲻֪Ůǲġ
ֻ飬鶼顣
ãˡ
飬ôأ


247 
ƽһҵ׶ ԣ ƽõĵط
ͷʥӿ˺ܶˣܱ߳еƽǻǴ˿У Ǵ֪ʥ㶼ҵúܵ͵ļ۸⵽ӣ Ǿʰңӣ һһ·ʥǡ
ЩŮ ٣֮ҵطסһ㶼ȥƶߣ Ҹܼһ˵ı˵ķӣȻڷĽ£֪ܿܽⷿ Ͱĵĵȴ ʰ֮ȥ·ҵĹЧʸǮսᣬ ǶԸȥ· ÿõֵǮǿüġ
ԭ޴ʥԺ˸ҽԺ ׼ÿ˹˹¶˿ѧ
̻׼һԭסĴӸĳͼݡ
׼Ѹͼݵ񽻸˼˹ء
ȥѼ˹ؽ̶ߵ˵
æͷǡ
̫æˣ׼ߵμ
뿪˷䣬סԼؿڣǻŴֽճȭͷԼܵʲôԡһһֱվ󣬱µĿԷϡ
ǿ˹ڵĵطʱ򣬼˹һ㶼Ĳ
ҪĲ飬𻵵鼹Ȼ÷ࡣ
˹ȴøˣǰԼСˣΪ࣡鼮£һʶֵ˶ΪʲôǵҪأ
ɼ˹ֲɳ̵ľֻÿ찴ʱңȻһָʹŹǰ鼮ͷ࣬ȥ顣
½ȥ˹شˡǿߵ˹ԡ
˹۵й⣺ھȥ
ûи˵ȥҪʲôͼҴҵ뿪˲ңĽŲԽԽ죬С
˹زͣԼһҪһֱһЩп޵£Ҫ֤Լļֵ
˹̵ܵ鷿ǰͣ½Ų˫ַԼϥǣͣشϢ
ǿ˱ԶԶ˦󣬼òУֲҴк
˹صԼٴˣһԼڣ˲ͷĺԼȥˣ鷿š
̵鷿ﴫɡ
˹ƿ鷿ǡ
ƿţͿ˫ֽ棬֧°ͣڵ˫עı¡
µ۾ƺǰˣǰ۾Ǻɫ
עŵʱԼǱ͵ĲʳﶢϵڶԷǰԵôС
һ˲䣬˹ػʶľԼʲôȴ֪ʲô
¡˹
̷ëʣЦ˵ˣɣл˵
˹߹ȥ̬ǳ΢
ڸоôڲһ𣿡ʵ
˹صͷ¡࣬ΪΪң¡
գգۣ㲻̫ڲҵĹ
˹û˵
̿ϣ֪кܴı룬˶
ڲҪΪ
˹ۿ΢΢졣
̣Ҫ
Ҫʲô˲ţ
˹û˵˺һ˵ҪģǿΪǽѵˡ
գʲôǣ
˹סˡڿ˹شڴ̣һֱûаܼĶǽݱ
Ѿˣո֮󣬶ʥǲȱʳ
ôڱĵʲô
Ҫչ̸˹ؽ󣬡ÿϵ˹ʲôƣϵ˹縥ȵĹ󣬵ȸȵķ֡
Ҳ翦ɲ࣬ǹȿɲҲӵбȿɲ󡣡
˹أҲп󡣡
̣ǰǶǡ
ϵ˹ǿογɼôѧһŵ㡪ƫƣȫ淢չ
Ц˵ʱһң߼ңһҪӡ
˹۾
̣;á
Ҫÿϵ˹ÿ˶ҵÿϵ˹һܶд֣ôߵܷӲܵĸλҪܳʱ䣬ʮꡢʮꡢʮꡣ
ֻ̣Ŀʥǣ˿ȡ㡣
ÿʱȱҰļҺμңȱʵɼҡ
ҪԽ߹ԸҪǸѧҲҪμҡ
Ȼʵү϶
̿ż˹أһҪģȥǱɣ˸ҡ
ʡ
˹˶ĳϣ㷲ô鷿ﰲϢ
ʲôأ
Ϊ»ȥԸЩ壬ȥȣƸȵĹǮʥǵĸʿȥ
ɱȻҪȥЩµġ
˿ȡ㡣
˹Ϊ仰촽öοһֱصһ䡣
ëֽϻɳɳᣬС
˹
ֱǿˮ˹زźȻ
ʱˡ̿۴⣬̫ѾҪɽˡ
󣬳ǿЦЦϾУȥϢɡ
ǿæ˵ҡҷ̱¡
Ҳûܾȥó׼ͣҪ˹Ҳ׼һݡ
ǿ˼Ǻ죺ǣǡ
ˮ̶Լ˹֡
˹˹ȥ
𣿡̺˿ˮԺʣ֪ԼҪʲô𣿡
˹еɵ촽˵£Ҳ֪
̾˿
̾ü˹ؼ
ȻǾ㰲ṣ̌ĥɡ
˹ؽŵǣ£һṼҵ
̣뽨һͼݣҺ͹Ĳ鶼Žȥ鲻裬Ը˿ԼȥҲҪʥ˽ѧУĺӽȥ顣
˹أѧУ
̵ͷأ
˹Щȷҡ
΢ЦΪ񽻸㣬Լѡʵ˳Ϊһô£Ȼ󱨸ңҾͻͨ
˹أкӶ飿
̣ʦҲҪҲҪġ
˹زɳ̣С˵ƽǲ俴顣
̣Ҳƽ񣬱ʥԺųΪҲǹ壬ҵ˹𣿡
˹ŵòڵϡ
ЦЦû䲻˵
¡˹صͷʲôҵҡ
̣ȥŪͼݺѧУãһỻˡ
˹һǡ
ǿţ£Ѿ׼ˣ˵ϲˡ
ߵſڣתͷԼ˹˵߰ɣһȥ
˹æϡȻҳԳ̲УǱžľ롣
ֻһ˿Ը̲硣
ֻп˹شˡ
κ˶С
ò͵ʱ򣬳˰ŮڵǶ˹뵽˲
ҲǼ˹ڳ̼֮һμǶ˹ʱź⣬ֻһӣҲûдκƷûʧߵǣҪôΪ뷨ҪôѾʵ
¡Ƕ˹
̶˵һ԰ɣӦûûùͣ԰ɣ
Ƕ˹Цǵġ
һòͣζʳ
ڲϸǶ˹̸׼ͼݺѧУ
Ƕ˹Щ棺Ҫƽ飿
̵ͷ
ʵʱϲǶ˹죬ΪǶ˹ܵҽӳʼʹԼĸֵѧϰôһͳߣĿ⿴ñȼ˹˸Զ̾Ƕ˹ܹʵ
ֻٵȵȣȵλӣȵҲûƷҲ
Ƕ˹ʧȥŮݺʼչ¶ԣǶʲôأɻȥɻ𣿡
˹˼ʽĲͬ˹ػᱻʱס뵽ƽӦö顣
ƽ֪Խ࣬Խ࣬ԽͳߵͳΣƽǲҪ˼ģͳǸʲôǾȥʲôá
Ƕ˹ᣬֻ˼ƽԺʲôܸܲҴô
ҲܸǶ˹ǸŮйأǸˣӦҲӵи˹һ˼롣
̶˵չ졣
Ƕ˹ף׷ʣʲôչ
Ц˵һңÿ˶֣ÿ˶飬ÿ˶й𣿡
Ƕ˹һ㶣Ȼˡ
̾Ұ󡣡
̣ҾҰģֻеСŻᵣƽӵǻۡ
Ƕ˹Ʊҡҡҵĸ׺͸ͺܵС
̾һҲܵСյʥǵʱɱ㣬һŮ
ЦʱҲɱңߵ˶ôûһ׼ʥǣʱҲҶ֣ʥԺء
Ƕ˹˵ûʥԺҵѪĸˡ
˹ؾͿ̸ڣЩţ־ԼǸɵӡ
ŲʳԼ˵Ρ
ֱڶ죬˴ȥΣͼݣŷԼûΣһжʵ
˹ؾô㱵ĿʼԼ¹ΪÿܶҪд棬ûһ͵
ѧУҪѡַʥǵĹʮ˰ѡַÿ˶Ҫһݷ¶Ϊ۵ùǺ
۵Ѿ벻Լ֮ǰΪʲôԸ⽨ѧУͼˡ
ӹˣ˹ѾϰΪ
ˣЩĶһẢ
⺢Ӹճ겻ãһλӾӣܳ裬Ϊĸ֮ȥˣ׸飬ӣȻûŰ׻ǾЩۣϾӺͶѾˣСӵĺӣûиĶܸӣͰѺȥʥԺ
ܵʿҲܲ
˹أǱߡ
кȥ
кƺвԺܵ˹ߣˣҽʲô
˹̾˿ѾһˣȥϢɡ
кæ˵ˣҲۣһ㶼ۣϲ飡
Щ˼һֱϲ飬٣ұ͵ʥԺܿ͸ˣֻܿͽص顣
ͼݽ֮￴𣿡
˹һ㶣شȻԡ
кԸţ߶߶û뵽ͼĵط̫ˣ￴鲻ûǮá
к߶˼䷿䣬һ²ŶʮöͭңھżһЩʳ
˹Щɣô𣿡
кʹͷȻˣúܶͨ˼ҵĺӶܿ飬ܿ硣
˹أҲûʲôõĶ
ڼ˹ؿ˼¼ʷ⣬鶼ûʲôá
кƺʲô鶼ϲĹ£ЩǲǻЩʫǲǺá
·Ҳˡк˵˻˳˵г
ӣкֵӣ
Ҳڿг̥
뿪˹¶ʱùעЩ֭Һ
Ȼûҵ˵»ҵ˴Ʒ
һڵرƤлƤһ·˵
֭ҺҺ׵ãֻҪпյܽӵͰ֭Һ
Ȼһ֦Ѷϣʱ֭ܲҺ
ôģԱߵˡ
ǸһģΪ˸̥̽
ʼʱǰ֮ȴӲû˵ĵԡŮ˼˵ڰʱ裬ӽ򣬻һʯȵʱ򵹽ģΣ֮ͱˡ
Ů˺ܳţ˿ǧѡˣء
Цˣúá
Ů˿
٣ʡ
Ůˣл費ҪԼƤ࣬ٶȲ졣
ֲ̣𣿡
Ů˵ͷֲˡ
̣Ǿͺãɡ
Ҫ˵»
Ůæ˵˿˵£һҪ¡
˵ŷԼ˵©죬æȥԼ졣
ոص˲䵴Ȼ޴档
ЦЦ۵׶Ц⣺Ǻã°ɣ׼һ֯˵һֻŮԱ
Ů˵ɴ۾û뵽Լһ̾ͶίΡ
ļ򣺡˿Ȼ֤й֮Ҫ
Ů˼˵ǣ£
Ůʱ䶼סһ֡
ܿϤʥǣҾҪ￪ÿ춼ɾ˹ϵҲúܲ
ǰȽó罻͡
ʱ˯öֹĺͱ֮󣬲ڴϿ顣
Ȼ˵ЩСºܼ̣ȱȤζʱҲС
Դӿ˹뿪֮˯ܾò˵ʲô
ҡšҲܾûXˡ
׼Ը˯
ڲŶʮ꣬Ѫյʱ
ڳ׼ʼʱһϮʶ򴰱ߡ
и¶̨̳Ųڵϣ򴰻˴
˹ظոպó
Ŀԡ
˹س¶һЩаЦݣոʲô
Щ˼ƫͷ˵Ҳûʲôô죬Ҳǡ
˹߽ڣѳȫ˻ȥȻס˳̣˫ס̵ó̵˫ȼԼϡ
Ȼһְֻס̵ĺףó̵ͷǡ
ҧų̵촽˵˯
̺ߺû˵
֪ʲôСʤ»ˡ
еˬ


248 
һ ħ⣬ 𴲵ʱûо̫ܣǿ˹أ ʱһֱо̣ ˯Ͷûѡ
ҲͲˣ Ҫ¿Զѵ磬 ڿ˹ػ˯һ
˯ӿʼˣ ̲ڿ˹صĻƣˣ 𴲳Է
˹ر۾ְѳ§һЩ ̾ԼһӲȥˣ
˹صĽë΢΢סͷ ϻ ϣɽʵ ӺϲǺۡ
Ϊɫ˿ĭԼ˵һξˡ
ȻжȻĳЩʱܹ档
ȳ̷Ӧʱ Ѿѿ˹˵ˡ
ԭ׼극Ļ죬Ƚ Ѿˡ
νǴڡ
;ֻ˯Сʱ
Ҳܶ£ Ķ֮͵Լڣ ͷβ̺Ϳ˹ضûһ졣
ȥϴ衣һ֮󣬳̳ŲڵذϣվڴߣϼһԭƤɫ˸Ƿ۽һԵˮ
˹Ҳվӱס˳̣˶Ŵƣס
˹ͷǳ̵ĶͲһΣ
ƿ˹صԴˣȻһҪƣ㲻ҿˡ
˹ץסƿԼ֣ǳ̵ģ
գգۣҪȥϴˣһɡ
ԡͰһΡ
μ˵Է
ǽԵ棬滹ҶˣͷҲܷʢһֻϵĿǳ⡣
̺Ϳ˹˾ͰһͲ˳Եֻʣһӡ
Ҿߡ˹ز˲죬ˣҪоˡ
Լá
극֮󣬳ó˹׼ЩʳָɺɣԼܷŵʱ䳤һЩĵ⡣
˹鲼һûסЦ˵ô
ЦҲġ
˹أʲô
̣ðɣҾˡ
˹سЦ
߹ȥ˹ͷס˳̵Ĵ˺һ˹زɿĻܽһѡʵˣҾͲȥˡ
̣ԣҲҪ
˹ؾӥһֱӻСС
ĿͿ˹뿪Ȼһ޿ȥѻļ
кܶණҪҪͬ߷ҲҪѸ˽н潻̸
ǰһѹĹ͵꣬һֹȥˡ
۵òУͷ˯
ͬǣҲɣǳڽʱڣÿ˶æýŲմأǱҲһ
ƽǳŲæˡ
ÿ˾ȥھͻϢ
·Ĺһͣϳһٺһٸɱ̲ˣϻٺһ
صŴ֮Ǿ˯ڶϼ
˭Ҫˮʣ㡣ȥˮϴԼϵɳ
ѾϰԼˣϾڶ·йץס˾ҪԼҪ
ΪֵɾˣҲʼ
ҲпΪ̫ȣˮһ˯þ
Ұɡһ˽ӹˮ裬Цлˡ
˰ڰ֣ûʲôˣϰأ˵Ͳȥ·ˣ
ϰص˵ͷҴ˱Ǯ׼ȥҸõĹ
ӵһ·ʼڹÿֻṩʳס˵ķӡһֻһŵ˴·Ȼߣ˲١
ĽǮ̫ˡ
Ϊ쿪·ʱ̲סȥһۡ
ȻǮûˡ
ԱߵЦ㶼ԣҲû
Լĺס
ϰصڶȻûȥ·ˣļ죬ҹȥҲȥǳ;Ƴҵ˹ֽ
һ³ʥǵ˶ϰߡˡ
³һȥΪŮޣӦƸ˱øࡣ
ϰҲǺò˵Թ٣öԷ֪Ȼ֣ʵǸ϶ᣬϸˡ
ȹˣȥϹˡ
ϰ˿ϾһʼΪҪ£һʱ䣬ҵһȶЩĹ
û뵽ҵô졣
ֽҲܿ죬Լ¾ܽá
ûк֮ǵϰڸһǮˡ
ϰأôȥʲôһϣһǿϰҪȥѯϰصȥ
ϰžƺȥơ
ǻϰϰأϰأǵĺѣֵܣ
ǻЩȥó¾Ʋˡ
ﵹûгԵġ
ĵȻ죬ǿ᲻ȥƣϰǶٵĺһ㡣
Ǽˡ
ϰЦƹݡ
ûÿֶѲߣֵĴϳЩҪ׷ģõֻǷǮãͶˡ
ǮĹϧˡ
ϧҲû취ǰû˼ӡ
Ҳ֪˭Ǽǵˡ
ҪƣƺСϰ߽һľƹݣľѾƺݹȥ
ֱƵתͷŷ˾ȻǸؾǸŮؾ
ؾƺãЩôϰߵԼĶ䣬Ȼӹϰصľƺóľ׸ϰشơ
ϰ⻹ǵһθŮؾôЩʣԼҵ𣿡
ŮؾŴԸصĻǸˡ
ϰæ˵ҲҵˣºҾҪȥֽ
Ůؾ˿˵ƹҵ˿ģƸ
ϰһ㶣תͷҾƹȷʵⶼǵؾ
Ůؾ˵㲻ҪģǵľƺƹݵľƣǴ˵ġ
ϰգ̫˼˵Ҳ˼
ŮؾϰΪˣЩ涼ǵؾԺǾͻѸٵ˻ȥ
ҲģȻǮؾͰ˻ԸȾƵġ
Ͼľƹݲӭǡ
ŮؾѾƺݸϰأӹƺϰزû뿪ʣﻹȷϹ𣿡
Ůؾգգ۾
ϰأģиѵŮһֱûҵʵĹ
Ůؾ𣿡
ϰصͷʮꡣ
Ůؾû˵
ϰҲܸɻҡ
߶߶˵һŮĺû
ŮؾεǺðɣҿɲ֤﹤
ϰǧл
Ȼ壬ƻμϾͨˣҲ˽
õķչ


249 
Ӻæ æӦʥǵһҪԴʥֻ֮һ棬Ȼͣĵתơ
ȫˣ˼ǹÿһΣҪġԱҪ˱ ÿ֧Ҫȥԣ ˵ĽҲ
ôõö࣬ ǿҲ
ڡԴ ܶϲ˵ ϲ¶ ӻǺ Щ˿
ΪǸؾ
ΪһƤ ְ һԲ羫Ưļ䡣
Ϊؾһֱū
ūվԼǰ棬 ܲҲ
ڣԴ֪ؾܿ⼸֮󣬲˿ʼǰȵĴѹ塣
Ǵѹ壬Ӳҹܣ ǾͿҲѴӷˡ
Ȼ嶼ô ȷʵкܴһ֡
֪ʱȥοһ´ӡ
׶ ǶԶĽļʣ᲻Լˡ
ѹٴҲֻܸǰˡ
֪Ͷˡһ߳Էһ߸Թ
κθǸƺ«˵ٶֻ࣬ǡšȻͷٷ
ӿŸֻҪԵñ²óӣͳһֱ̾
ǳ˸⣺ӪͲᣬ㲻Ӫһǡ
ӪʱĹǳΪԤڧڲѹԲ˸ѹʽĹϵʽʿÿ֫оȫϣ˽¾ìܣҲپٰһЩͱǢˡ
ҪʿϿսǡԼˡ
ӿǽ˸Ľ顣
ͬʱҲҪڹнԼţܹ̣ȻҲֻĲֻôְλֻΪƫʵѧûŵ쵼ʲôˣҲΥ
һٱ׼һȥ
ʹڵĹϵֵҲʤֵˣӵȥˣûн飬һҲǿӣ׼ȶˣԺάһңŮҪǮǰ׼ٷֱҸܿǣԼҲϲŮ˽顣
˵ΪŮ٣֮ӵĶ࣬кܶᶨҪŵģԼߴվŵ겻ǣΨֶԷԼǰ߻ߺߵ⡣
Ӻ͸Ǳᡣ
Ӳܵ˵Լ͸Ǵֵ顣
ûÿα˵٩ΪԷڿԼʹӵֵжá
һ֪ô˵һûʲôԾ
ڱ˵ţûŮ˵
˵ˣͬŮؾŮؾиˣͷʱˣŮؾǾͰĿתϡ
Ӻ͸ôšʣ
ƫƫһֱ˵ȴһֱ֪ôڣܲ˵Ӱˣӽ쿪ʼԶ㡣
̫ˣ˵ֱ׵㣬
ֻҽ˵ԼҪǮ
ʱЩ˻ڳԷЩѾ극ˣЩڸɻЩġ
ĵľû֮ҪȥʲôϾҪ֡
ЩؾͰƾʲôһǮ
ūҲȣ
ô˵Ǵ
Ͽǵ嶼ߵһߣһ
ͬǵģ඼Ůˡ
Ҳˣм䣬Ů˱˸ͬߣҲܺ߹ʲôţԣ飬ʻǱ½ġ
ֶΣ£Ůˣѹˡ
ù°ټµЦӯӯĴӦǹ˺һ˻û£ְѹ½¾һ޹˵ˣҲ֪ҽˣǲҲûа취
һ֪ǸǾЩǷᡣ
ǰ˺͵ؾˡ
ǵؾӵ͸һ
ǵؾһ壡ǰū
˲𰡣˼ҶǳˣȻӿԣǿ϶ҲǿԵģ
֮ǰǶ˵ūԼҲԱöԷ˵ǶԵġ
ǵ˼ūԼϿԼūˣŵãûţҲԼ
Ҳǡͱ裬˵統ūá
ͼ汲һһūӾԼѱĹ̡
ѱʱ䳤ˣһ˲ϣͺ
Դ߳Ժ󣬴ӷ֣һ뵱ĵؾͰ˺٣Ѿˡ
Ϊʲô岻ūΪˣҲѪĴۣھ廹ʣˣжٲɽﲻҳٹǧ꣬о
Ǿ壬廹зʵŮսʿɽҲ棬ȣҲս
ؾͰ˲Уûţͷǿ׳ҲûоɣھԵǿǰֻܵͷֻܹ£ܱȫȺԼҲһǻۡ
Ϊ˻ȥΪ˱֣һûʲôֻҪˣվһ졣
һؾǶ˫۷ŹĿ
ҪǵˣܸŴ
֪Ƕ棬˭ƾʲôһؾūƾʲôվ档šȡ
ǿ϶֪ǱģǱҴū
ӣǲңΪǸūҲǣҲңΪǸؾǿؾǵһȡ
ؾǵͷˣͷĬĬᡣ
ӣҽдӣΪļһӣū˱µūʱǿµأЩūҲս˵ֻҪǴӮˣɱ˵ˣǾܵݣǱ¸ҵģҲԼģ
Ҹ˵ûй£ʲôҾʲô
ǣΪʲô񣬵ıҶ𣿡
ӣЩԼ壬͸õõŴͱȵؾ͸߹ģԼ𣿣
岻еӴ˵ǵʱû£Ҫ˱£ĸ࣡
ǴǿҲУ
ӿˣ˵ǺãǾԼǿ͹Ųǿ򡣡
ո˵ѾˣӲʹǲ£
ǣǿҲˣһǿ
ĪģĹˣҪǿԴˡ
֪ʱҲһ±ơȥιôѹεҪǿһµĵزȥˣ
ϴӵԻ·ǴӵԻ·ף
Ǿ͡԰ɡ̶Ϲܼ˵ҪǴӲУ͸⣬ܻˡ
һˣܻڶΣ̲һֱԹЭ
Ӿ㲻У̼ҲС
Ȼ̵ҲŴһ½


250 
˹ǱߴĶǺϢ һֻҪܣ Ϊըٳǽ˵ƽ Сûһ֮£һЩӣ ǻǵֿûֿ ϾǽûУ ûʲôõֿġ
˹Ǳߵ˳෴ǣ˽֡
Ǻģ ǵõôġӹλ ⷿǶ֧֣¸˶˵ϾڵıǸǲϤҲ˽ˣԼһˣ ЩôҲõϣ Ȼ˫ͬ
ԿԼľٴ룬ҲѸӦ
ǺһūƽƽԭһжҪϴƣ ʱԭеĺôڲڣ
û˻ֲȷԣ Ҳֱ˵ԣ 취Ĭŵֿͷ
̻ûֹū û˵ū񣬵ƽ˳̵ͼ
̾ùŴ˵ʶֵƽͬƽ˵޹صĶҴЩ˵̫ңԶҲ̫غԼ£νĸݺˣҲνϾÿܱܵߵģغ£Ǳ˭
ֻһͷǶܿ
£Ҫʼˡǿվڳ̵˵
̫Ѩ̧˵Ǿȥɡ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôӻŪøһҲ֪ΪʲôҪȥǿԴ򣬵ֻҪûΥҼͣǳֻ̾
ӻǺܻ˵ģǿ̷Ẓ́Ҳ˵̷ˣֱ˵Ӯ˾ܶꡣ
Ҫʲôᣬ˵ܻȥ
Թ˵Դ£һ
̷˵ζԴ
ǿ˵Ժ󣬾ôӶеⳡϷò¾֪ı߻Ӯ
̻ȥˡ
ȥԺ󣬴ӻҪˣҲˣڳĶܷڡ
￴ţˣͳǲؾӮˣλҲˡ
Ȼ죬õؾùǿ֤ǿҲôԼҲԡ
ǲܱһؾġ
ԵĵطҲǴӾϸѡģѡǰĽǶԴӳ̼֮󣬽ǶҲûˣūǶܻῴɫǷ̴ֳǰĳûнǶ֮󣬾ѸҵԼµλӣ˱
ǶͿΪ󣬳׼Ժĳһ򳡡
ܱȽǶÿɣûôѪȣҲܴٽá
ʵڲлƱٰ촺ǲ֪˳Բһס
ֻϧڻûи磬ִʱ磬Ҳų̂Ƶһۡ
Ҳ̲ҪǱ࣬Ҳֻܱ༸СƷʮǰݹСƷ
ǿڵûԱܾΪûԱԴӮǳԵøҪһֶţһһݣԭĹ°ˣеǿӦǸߴǿ׳һȭܴһͷţǿЩǿССһžܰǵĹͷ飬ʱȴǾԵ̫ˡ
һ߹һװ˵ĹԽڶһͷĽ𷢣Ѿˣ˵ʱ˶û˵
Ҳȷʵǿ׳ֱȫǾļ⣬̨ףԼ·¶һ⣬ѧŽǶʿȭͷԼţԼ
̨µĹǺˣģ̥ȥ
ˣӮȾƣõѾƣٴȥ
ˣӮҲ㣬ɣ
һǣ
˳̨»֣ԼǸս޲ʤӢۣתһżƵǿñ˵һԼԴһȺ
ǿˣı߻Ӯ
ǿЦ˵£ҾǿǱ߻Ӯ
̿ǿһۣǿ˱ˣҪ϶һƶ˵£϶ǹӮ㿴ĸ첲ǿˡ
ǿˣ˲ģԼ֣ǿǲģҡ
̵ͷ˵׼ȥӴ֡
ǿ۾ˣһų̣Ը뿪ȫΪ֪Լסûʲô£뿪˳̣˭Բһš
ǿ˲һǿ˾ԼбµģҲ£͵ȻܺãҲһҵˣҲܶŶﷴ׽ºǶйԵĹȥ˵Ƿȥ˵ԼܹЩ࣬һ裬ıơ
ǿ˸˵û˵ˣŴ̲סϹæ˵һṼµϣ
̾˿Ըɡ
ֻ˲ųֲǰ˷˸ʣʡ
뵱ٵ̫ˣбµȴ٣Щбµû·Ҳ߲ҰΧ
ǿ˺ɫ̲˵;߶
һǿ⿪ϵ
ǿûκζĶԼЩס󣬻˻Ӹ첲չһ壬ȻͶǰĹˡ
䣺ʼɡ
˻˵󻰣ϾǰǶʿ֮ǰҪݻ
ǿûиźݻĻᣬǿֲʿ㽲ǣֱ·
˴һɲȥǿͿļϣȭͷݺݴͷ
ǿҲɵ֪ܳԲ̫ѨĵطǿҲ֪̫Ѩֻ֪طܰ˴
ǿ׳Ĺ˾ľ׮ǿǸϸĴ֡
ȹȥǿվߵһߣ˵Цģ
ϾǴӮˣȥܻ꣬³ܳԵ⡣
Ȼǲã˵ʲôʲô档
Ĺ˱סˣ˱̧֮˶˹˱ñӣѪǣɲ˶һȥ
ñȽԶ˱ߵʱҲֻǿ˸ӰӣûͬܣҪܽۿҲᵹһ
˶֪жʹҪǱݺݵߣվˡ
ǰвգŮﷸԱҪֶξȼϣȻ䲻߶ԷɲֻҪŮµ㹻ȭֶǶš
ӣǳԹˡ
̵ʱΪȻֻҪǸˣûסʹ
ÿ˹ҲСȿ˹ش̻ԡ
˵ӣû˸ˣֲԸԼؾϣȥ
Ǵӳ˵ȻûԸҾ͵ˡ
棬һ㡣ӵһ˵֡
תͷзˣŵ˫ȶڷ˿ĭæ˵û˵Ҫ򣡡
ӣ˵ˣҪظһ𣿡
ģµǿʲôһȭȥȥˣҵȭͷɲǿźÿġ
棺
˶
Ǿվߡ
ƺҪǣǸһȵĳײ顣
̶ǿ˵͵Եǵöһ̱ɣһ֭ҪѾơ
ǿӦ¡
̾ԼôãҲ÷һˡ
Щ۸ڶĹ˰ᣬҲǸֻ


251 
ǱŰ֮ ԭŵѾûˣĺԸµǼҲȡ뿪˸λ
ӵԭҲܼ򵥡ˣỨǮ˸ƣ Ҳûôԣֻ뿪ϾβǮ û˲ܹʱҲɹֲǹȥǿԴ ԼҪȥ
һ⣬պ˲١
ҶԴɵĺô ӽΪӺͶԴؾ˰Ǹϳȥ ƽΪԼҲϳȥԮǣ Žȴջľ
ڣ ֻǼ˴ˣ ȻһԼȻ֮ǰҲ۸˵ؾͰˣԼų̂ȥǼ˴ܡ
ֻҪиɣԭǲܵ£ƺҲԽˡ
ؾͰڹù˺ܶ࣬ ٲᱻ裬 ҲڳԷʱֱӱʳ
Ǳˣ 岻Ըһ ؾͰ˽ʼţȻҲԸͥ
ȻӾͿʼּٰκӺͽܣҪÿؾͰܵڹ涨ı
ҽƷ쳣ʼϸ޲ȻǺ;ƣʮڣʮǮʲôʱݾʲôʱݡ
ׯ԰ùֶΣֱԭⲻİ˹
Чһá
ܺ˵ıܣ֪۸ؾͰ˿ܻܵͷôǾͲȥ
֪ؾͰ˹ϵãͿܻõԤĺôҲ˼Ӷȥ
ǹĲ࣬ȴӡ
ؾͰ˱ܶùݾգݺľƹҲõؾͰ˽ꡣ
ţͷ˺;̫ϡ٣ԺԲƣԶڻûпӡ
ֻȰѾڷչãгϣִŮԵλҲΪڶʱڴһرƽĻԴԹƽĻֻҪÿùĻȽȣʱ䳤ˣӦûڵ
ڳ̻Ҫ±ɷ񷨡
ڳ֮ǰϵ˹Ҳзɣֻɷ
Ȼɷܼ򵥣һ֣ᣬе©ǳ࣬Լͻ
ɷ֮ϣ֮ӵжɷ½Ȩ
巸ǲᱻ𷣵ġ
ҪˣҲֱӱˣκ˽͡
ǽ̣Ǳ̡
͵Ժ壬Լ£ȫǽ̡
縻ŰƽֻҪûƽֶϽţֻҪǮܶԷļղգǲֻһöͭңڵõ½⣬
׼Ҫģϲʿﲻз
ˣ͵һöͭң
̲͵Ǻ£Ƕײ㣬ûԴ˵סµ߸ܡ
ԼȥǸԲůˣ˯ֻĻϯأԷֻܻˮҲʱִܹˣסµ
ٳ̾Լġ
˵ıܡ
Ϊ棬˿Էܶණ
οǵ¡
ֻгԱů˲ȥ̸¡
׫£ֻҰ֣ʻԼ˴ǰ۽磬ǵѾˣҲƽʲô˼
ǿ֮ƽȵģƽ֮ƽȵģͬĽ׼ȽƽȣԽ׼ͲС
֮ϣ˼ķɹܲ
ֻ̣ˡ
ϹܼڳԱߵϣȻˣǺܺãűʣһд񷨡
̼ǵǰѧѧصʷʷʦ˵ش˶ʤ̣޷һȡ񷨵䡣
ǳҪһЩ޸ģڹңƽĵȻҲ޵ġ
ÿһλܹƽӵеĵض涨
⣬ݱ׫ҲǸص񷨵
һ˷ڶ﷨ǻȡȨķ 
˷У̸˸Ȩ
ΪȨûг֮ǰеɷУɾҲν
̶Կϵ˹ĸȨʹøӡһƴڿϵ˹ͥ︸ռоͳελȷĻͥеλ͵ŮȻĸףȻǶӣӻŮ˴ִ̣ӺŮǲ̵ġ
ɱǶӡ
ɱ˶ӣҲΪĺӣҲͷš
ԲҲûе£ΪǸףȻģֻҪĥԼˡ
ǳΡ
¡Ҫôд𣿡Ϲܼе㲻±ʡ
̴չԴ˵һ
Ϲܼ˿ĭȨ
̣𣿡
Ϲܼңƽ˻飿
ǹȨ
ƽ鶼˵˵Ƿ޷־ӣȻҰˣǾȥ飬Ϊ鷳Ϊ˹ܡ
Ҫ˰˰ˣһӾһ
ҵùĶŮˣɷŹǳ¡
Ů˻ҲҪǻͶ̥ܵǸ嵱ŮͣǾͺܺˣô롣
ŮͶ˺ֻ̥ܴڼ
Ůһ£Դ󲿷ֵײŮ˵ҪͥΨһĳ·ȥŮһҲøɣ֪ʲôͶ
΢еǮļͥŮȥͷ¶棬һŮҪ𾴸ףɷһ˸׺ɷ򣬲Ӧٸн
֮Ҫ飬ôҪõɷͬ⣬ɷͬ⣬Ҳ벻ˡ
ģΪж԰ĸĸԸ⻨һǮɷꡱ
ԺܶŮԸѸ˹ѸǾͲټˣӵɷĲƲõɷľλ
ƽŮҲʼôɡ
ԲСԸŮѸҲŮ顱˵
кܶ˻һһıôɱԼŮ
̽͵ɱͻ٣ҲΪ˺á
Ϲܼң
е㲻ţҲ˵ͨ
ϹܼңƲָ
Ϲܼõ˵˼ά˵˳ȥɻŮʲôɣʱΪʲôֵܷǮأ
һ׽ֲͣǮǿ϶Ը⵱Ѹ⻹Ϊˡ
Ϲܼң̳ȨΪʲôŮӵкͶһļ̳Ȩ
ŮҲм̳ȨҲǶԺˣŮرҲ
ҲŮŮҲнãǵĽ÷ֲٶ
̣Ϊ˲ǰֵɱˡ
Ϲܼұ£ôŮ˻ɱɷֵܣħ𣿣
һ˵ǱǳΪħ
Ϲܼңɱ
˵㲻ܷϣһܻɶ
Ϲܼҿų̣Ȼ˿Ͱ͵˼
̾˿Һȱˡ
Ů˶ڼΪɷͼͥܵõʲôôأ̸Ϲܼҽˡ
ϹܼҾʥǸ˹¶һ˹¶Ů˿ûǣûеŮ˵ԾʥһʷƾõϳǣôϳǱȻҪһЩ
Ů
˹¶ǱߵŮ˶ˣŮˣôҪǵŮأ
Ϲܼ˵Ǵڼ˾氲£Ǿøá
̣˾ͱ˵¡
ϹܼզࣺΪʲô
̣ΪŮ˲°
ϹܼңŮڼ£
̣ո˵ˣŮڼΪܸĵĸɻ˱ΪҴֵҪһԼŮ˵Ļ
ϹܼҺȻ˵ˡ
̽˵Ӳ£ֻһ˵Ĺǲˣ𣿡
ϹܼңǸˣô᲻ڣ
̾˿˵ֵΪ˵ļֵ
Ϲܼգգۣˣֺû
˵Ҫ
Ϲܼң¡ʲô˼
̣㲻ҪԼһˡ
Ϲܼɵˣ˼ʮˣһԼˣеѡ
գգۣ룬˵Լũ˺Ů˶ţÿһͷţظɻÿһֻܲëǮ˸㣬򲻸òëӦţһͷţܸͷţĻʲôо
ϹܼҲ˼ΪʲôҪţһͷţôܸͷţĻţҪ
Ц԰ŮΪʲôҪˣ
ϹܼһȻ
԰Ա˵ҾǸũÿ˶ţ
ڱǶһģǲŮġ
ȻһģǱµȻΪ˿̫࣬ΪŮ˾Ͳܸɻˡ
Ů˲ɻܵõ١
˹¶Ů˸ɻ˹¶ôԣ
⿿ˡжˣ
ϹܼҳԼ˵ˣ²
̰ڰ֣дɣдҿҪʲôʲô
׫ĺܼѣ̼ʱ䶼棬ϹܼҲͬ˼ѾѸҸ߶̿£ˣǰϹܼҲ뷨ˣΪ⣬֪ǰԼô޴
Ϊʲô²ƽūΪƽūǱµĲƲȻҺͭҵ𣬵ҺͭҶǮûġ
Ů˸
һеˣô֮⣬˶һ
ϹܼһԹ˼һΪֻǸ߹ģ˶ǵͼģͼ˲ŵȡ
ԼҲǵͼģֻΪߣҲ߹ôһ㡣
ĳд¡
µʱ㹻ܶˡ
˹ؼϱеĳУЩеˡ
ڿ˹Ѿžڷ̵·ϣȥ򱱱ߡ
ҲѾʼԱˡ
³һ
³һλоСӣҵǣճоˡ
ĸףֻоˣо˵Ůͣĸ׵Ĵоڼ̳ɷĲƲ󲢲ȥ顣
֪ĸ׺оһıδĸס
߷һЩ£ʹһʥǣסڳõĵطסźĴӡ
ĸˡ
ʱĸ׻ںȾ֮Լж
ֻ޴Ů˲Żȥֺˡ˵⣬ΪҴֺ֪÷ˣĸн졣
ҵŮˣһǶʧȥȤʲôǣһöͭҶò
ֺ÷ˣΪ˶ԸŮˣɷ򣬾ͻҺһЩʱ䳤ˣ˾ͻҡ
³޷ĸףȻδ׵棬ΪǸˣӺ˶ıĲƲŸ
ĸ׺ͷǿɳܵģΪŮˣӦܵ
ܿ죬û뷨ˡ
ΪΪһ١ֵĸҲС١Ļ
Ǳ½λϳֵģﵱ١
ÿҪ¶ң죬ǵ̬̫ŹƽǾҪܷ
ܷǺܼ˵ġҪ򿪻ʱ̨Լʲô
ǹ˵̵̷
³һʼΪֵӦþ͸ûƽʱҲûʲôһͳһͳƵĶʲôȥƽ֪ͨһ֮ġ
˽ֵġ١֮Ųôһ£
Ϸ¶Ҫǡ
һֵֶһͭңǶҪܡ
Ȼ϶ҲˣҪȥңȻٻǼǣĳĳĳգ绹绹ϣһλʲôֵ˻Ů˶ʲô
ŹҲҪܣҪܡ
֮ǴҪܣС¸Ҫܡ
ÿ춼æýͷö
ҲΪ³˽˺֪ܶ࣬ƽʲôˣ
ûе١֮ǰǸĸߣȥʥԺ飬ҲÿһȺߵʥͽ
ʥԺûˣֻ˼ңΪˣо˿ʼϯܶೡϡ
⵱Ȼٲĸ׵Ͼо˸ȫûϵˡ
Ӳعɷ˽ŮǹǵĹʶһǺŽᣬԼܣҲĹ˹ܣȻһ˵һʱģܿ˶ò˽Ů
о˵һɷˣԿ
ƽһֱǸѿģһֱƽǵ׵ģûܹûʶֻ֣֪Ժͷܡ
ԣΪƽĻֻΪ˷ܣֻйС
Ǹ߹ģͼƽӵС
ɵӴƽŷ֣ƽĸûʲôоҲûʲô
Ҳûʲô
סϽĽֵͷţʱһѻΪ˵ʱϲһƯСӣʱߣժ˻ȴ͸һŮˣʱ᷸ɵѶ³Լİˡ
ʼ³Լðˣʱ䳤Ժ󣬾Ȼźܿ
ǰĿªݹ᾵µˣиĿ
Ҳˣϲŭ֣клҲڷܵġ
ͬ£еĸһһְλ
һЩҲܲԼĹүھȻҪΪͼƽ¡
ЩĹүЩѾƽЩĸݺݽѵһ٣˼
³ΪֵԱĵ£ӵ֪ͨ
Ҫǡ
ŵʱǸͣʮ꣬ЦúܲãһЦ¶С
Զ³˵ƺҪϱߵʮг
³гʲô
ͣ͸ǰɣ
³־ϲͬʱܺ¡ϲǣԼһֵĹ١
µǣֵĹٷ˴ֻ֡
һǵ˴ʲôĳͷ
³ЩãȻ֪Լòȥ
뵱
ΪʲôҪأ


252 
 ³ӱϾǹǮޱ һһģ ǣﶬǡ
 Ҳѱ˺񱭣 ³˸ǷȻڷҵԼ裬׼ȥϴˢ ˢõĶľһֲĸ ڳԺϴɾ Ȼڻ¯ɣͻþˣԼһá
̼ۻϸΡ
ǮһĶϸΣ˻õĶԼľͷճ̼ۡ
˵һ㶼ȽϺڣ ﾭвû̸ɾĺɫ̼ۡ
³סڽֵĶ¥һ¥ǰ´¥ĵط
ÿϣ ǶҪȥԱߵǻ˼Ҵˮ ÿֻҪԷöͭң Ϊûо
˵ǽȥ¡³ͬһˢһ˵
³ˮϴ˰е㵣ġ
ͬ˵Ҳģ ҪȥЩﵱгô죿
гֲ˵ˣгҪǸɲãҪְˣҪְڼش⣬ҪΣˣᱻͬ¿־Լ첲Ҫһطְ
гĲ̫ˣ൱ʵۣгʲôǡ
ɵúҲɵ˵Ҫõص࣬ÿ˶йؤ٣֮˵ٻʥǡ
ô򵥾ͺˡ
ǣҰֶУӦҲС
³ԼĶʰãͬ˵ʲô˵ȥ»ǡ
ĹǻһۣȻܲ϶³˵ģ¿Ŀǡ
ſϣǸֽܶϸ壬̵϶մ˲īˮ۾ǿ˵ó׼һŨϡ
ǰ̾õŨֱɳ֮ѺȣԵôֻܾҪһŨȥٱ
ȳűӹһŨСҲ͵ˡ
ЩСٶǳ̴ӹģûоλ޷̳оλСӴĻҲȽϵһȻҲй̻Ľ׼˼룬ûôأá
ʵҪǳҲûü˹ȥѧУͼݣƽҪʱģٳҲֻɨä
Ҫʱ䣬һƽ񣬲ܵ١
Щĺӣ֪ʲôҲܶ飬ʶܶ֡
Щ˵һ˵Ǿܶ
̽ȥȺĺӣΪ˴һЩˣȥϱЩĳС
ǸɵòãǾͻˣɵúãҲϾһֱȱ˵ġ
£Ƕˡһʹȹͷվһ˵
̵ͷǾֱӹȥɡ
³վΪûһ˵ģǰվһߣѻȸЩ˲ǵһǰĳͣŮǰǶ٩٩̸ԼŮǰж౰΢
ǵĸʱŮǰ˳Ŀ
ǲһҲûʲô˲ĸо
ǵĳҲ˵ҲֻһˣûӵԼأҲֻӵʥǶѡ
˵ʱһ̸ЦƺⲢһĻ⣬̸۵Ҳһ̸Цˡ
ӳĻ˹ҵĲм
Ƕû𾴵ġ
ʲôأʿԽԽ٣ЧĹҲԽԽ١
ֻҪǶĻĴڶ˵һţһǡ
ڣܵϣûгǰ
ûһ˸Ҹ˵ÿ˶ĬԼ£Ǿ˵һ仰࿴һۡ
ÿ˶æҲ֪æʲô
Сһ䣺Ҫȶã
ΪԼ˵úСΪ̫仰ʵر˶ˡ
̵һٶˡ
һٶ˶ǾѡڽֵûзƽС١
ʻæ죬ͨ죬ͷ
˶֪ҪȶõʱĽŲȻ⴫
ֻ֡ˣ
³˿ĭȲתͷȥ
ûмӺܶ˵Ĺ£ֻ֪ʥԺֻӵһСׯ԰ȻôĪĳΪ˵µȳǵȻΪڣʥԺٵʥǣȻҲûߣ
ǣǴŮӹġ
Щỹܻ
ȻһսһܶˣǲԼ
Ƕ³о˶ĸ˵Ǹ̵ܲˣ֮ǰȵʿ壬ռУǿıȴûɱȥûֻ֯ΪҪŮλ
³ʱ򲻶ʣ̵һˣƽôӵأ
˾͸ΪĴСսҾͻšһˡ
ǾͲһ壬һǵˣһҡ
ӮˣõֵģҲһǧٿף˽ӽһ룬һĹҡ
˻ҪоԵĺ˻߻ˣҪվĽǶȥ룬ףΪʲôôѡ񡣡
˵ܺá
³ʱʣˣ
ˣҿսǻƽƽһƽ𣿡
³ΪԼ棡
Цô³㲻ҪʲôҪ´ʲôڵĽѾܺˡ
³Լĸ˵Լܱ
ĸһ
ǰţˡ
ȷʵһˣܶ¶Ҫ˸ͺܶŻᶮҲͨ
³š
֪ܷƳǸʲôˡ
ǿ׳Ǹ㻹Ӣǳª
³˺档
űͻƿϵ˹ڳǰ
³һˣӦúԼһߣһϸ޲ĳۣɫĳûйװΣûдƷƶƽһһͷɫĳԺƤҲܰף˿ʮֿƺһһԵĹү
ôȴһ㶼ûǰÿһι϶еʡ
ÿһǺݺݲϡ
³ڲ֪ס˺
̨ףתǡ
ɨǵʱ˶Ծĵͷ
ǳ̬
ΪݶΪ˱
̴Ⱥᣬ֪ڻǳȥ٣ҪȽн
ɤӣҪǵѡҪΪϵ˹֧ˡ
ǹԱ֧
һеһЩ˶ǿʢǧȥҲܱ˼ס
Ϊ壬ԼֻиõĳøõԴ޷ǳΪԼ
ڣҿǵЩˣԸΪϵ˹
Ը뿪壬ΪԼ


253 
СٺܿͿʼѵˣ õǷĵڶ޸ĸ壬ڵһĻ˸޶ ܰ˵۾
˶ⲿŹǵԴͬ׫Ϲܼң Ҳͷۻ͹ˣܿˣ
ֻг̲ãĵĶ û֡
䱻޶ɲᣬ Ϊֽ ֱ˵ӡˢ ΪīȣЩּأ Щᣬǿ塣
ÿһҳ֮ 鼹֬ һ棬 һˡ
СõʱΪԼ˻þôķ䣬
𾪺ܿͱ棬 ΪⲿĿ¼ҳ룬 ֻҪĿ¼ҵҪݡ
ϹܼйԱ ΢Ц˵Ҫһ µ׻пԣ ܿľͻõµá
Ҫñʧ
Ǵһ쿪ʼеĹӵܶʼʹѧϰ߳ܵǣϹܼڿϻʣûܻشͻջ˵עĿ񣬶ϹܼҲ˼ǵĹݣǵĴ𰸸ȷ̫Ϲܼһʹ
ȻһЩȫ޷⡣
̳Ȩƽļ̳ȨȻһ
ֱˣƲָҪġ
ƽŮ˺ܶ඼ΪʲôƽֲƲ
ƽǿ
ҾǿʲôӦҲǡ
ʲô
飬ҵĲƲҪָһ룿ƾʲô
ô֪ȥʦȥ
ûһ˸ȥʹܼңֱʹһ١
ֱһ죬ܼϿεʱһŮˡŮȻǱװģһɾ鲼·ݵģ˫ݽȥϸݵĸ첲ȣ͵ΣŲε
ŮҲҪܼʣվڡ̨ϣйӵ˵ҽŷʮ޸ҵɷ򡣡
ʮҵĵһӣڵڶڷȡ
ľԼĹȥҲһ꣬ҵĵһɷһһˣõһͷţ
˰˸ӣһûлҪ񣬰򣬱ҵĵڶɷڼȿţÿһҵɷܵõһС󡣡
ֵֻһӡ
ŷûκѹ飬ƺѾԼˡ
ӵǲû¶ͬɫǲŮˣԶ޷Ů˹飬ǿŮ͸˲ͬŮǹ壬ȻŮˣԶԴŮǻܸ߿һۣǶЩоλĹŮˣҲŮǵɫ£ΪǵĻ֮
Դǣӵûжصġ
ڡҡĹŮǣŷľͬ顣
̫ˡ
ĵһɷôΪһͷţأһɳܵˣӦܵ˵
̫ɱˣΪʲô뿪ɷ򣿡
Ů̴棬ǵʷģ뿪ɷͲٱ˺ˡ
Ϊʲô뿪
ѵ㻹𣿿ŷ
ŷȴ˵뿪ԺͻʧȥסҲҲκιȥŮҼȥŮҲֻܻһ㶹ӣҲɻҵɷһŹңɷҺôסĵطٲڶ챻
һͷҵҵţÿ춼ֹͣ۶ô޴ĹôµݲУòӦõĶ
ᱻһ
ǿŮһпжƸеᡣ
ǵͬҲһǿ¥䲻ʵңԶĹ¡
ŮǱͬ飬ӵΪ˱ԼͬģǺܴ󷽵˵ǿԸһǮ
ȥŮͣ뿪ɷ򡣡
ŷȴ˵ΪµĶȣѾҵˣǴҪˡ
ˣʲô˼
ϹܼЦе˵Ҫʮ죬ʮҪǻͲƲָ
ӵһã
ûǻǾͱ
Ƕ͵˳һũׯÿ˶͵һ˼ҡ
ÿ˼һλɷڵǡ
ǳ˲ᱻַŹ⣬ŷ׼ȷ˵Ǵ󲿷ŮԵ
³ֵһλǴӳʼûϴġɷյûü˵ԼϺͼ壬ͱɷָűӳһ٣վŸ㲻֪ʲô𣿡
³Īʣʲôӣ
ɷһȣ޴⤣
ɷ˦˱ӣ˦У̶Ŀ졣
³ô˸ս
ǵıŸոտʼ첻ǾͱΪʱɽϿʳõҰ࣬Ǳڡɷ֮ǰȥժȻҪҲûķڡ
ɷûһ˿ϽڵķˣǾȭͷ
³ǽŹܼ˵Ļܷܴȥ
ΪӵŮˣûзġ
죬³Լʧȥɷ򡱰ҹ˯һˮ
ɷ˯ţҲ˯ڶҪÿժҰ˼Ҫɨӣȥ
ŮǱ΢һ㣬ٰҹᱻѡ
ʮܼٴμǵʱ˿Źܼҵ۾ڷ⡣
ʮ첻Ҫ£ҪܾĥҪտ䣬ݣ䱻ɷ򡱷֣һ
ɷ˵Ļܴףˮõǣʱ򻹻絽ǵϡ
βܼҳˣ̶ǵǰ
ɷڱ̿佱֮󣬾͹ԹԵ뿪ˡ
յֻʣ¹ĺӣЩһ˵ı顣
ֻ̣ǳʮûбŹûбɷַҲûбɷǿȷˣǾô
庢ǶĬţͷ˵
̣׼һµġ
庢æ˵£ˣʮĹˡ
ʮҶˣôôôɶˣ
Ӧµ
ƽɷˣҾǾͲý飡
ЦһŮˣǵɷġ
ǿܾƽܵͼʶ֣Ҳ
ǸһǱĸ״磬ֻ޵Ӥɴˡ
ǵĹǵ汲ǵģǵƽҲһǵ汲ǵģⲻζǱǸ߹󡣡
仰һ庢ǵı鶼Щ仯Ȼ̵ͬĻ
̣ΪԼ߹ǣһӹöʮǸ߹𣿡
˽֣һ飬ÿ춼ҪܶȴԲӣǵĻñŷҪݣܻᱻȥҪþȫҲм壬ΪûʲôԴУÿ˼ģôԵһٷôһ졣
̿۹ܼҡ
ܼҽӻ˵쿪ʼҪȥµĵط
庢ֿʼˣܼЦū
庢ҪϢˡ
ܼңǻиĸ򡣡
ܼ˵һǵڶȻū
һŮҪūĻ첻ɻһֱɵʲôΪֹÿֻһͣûУֻжӺһȫˮ
ʮ졣
ʮ죬ʮ庢ӺҪֻûǡ
ʮ£ҪԿˡ
³ڿǰë׼ʱ򣬲ŷŹȥ˶ʮ죬һ£ȴùȥ˰뱲ӡ
һֱãԼĹ壬Ͼĸ磬ܵĹǳ١
ʱ䣬֪ԼһôõĻСԵñůˣмˣĸһֱڹоˣҲûΪɷ˽ӶŰȷʵҸĳˣõ˺ܶᡣ
ʮ죬ʼ˼⣬ʣµʱ䣬Ѿȫֹͣ˼ÿֻʲôʱܳԷ
̾ͶԹܼ˵ʳ̫Ҫˡ
һѧʵ飬úܶԾһ𣬸ǽʳ
һ;˳һ˼ֵ󣬼ֵ˵мÿľʲôʱԷױŭȫ޷˼
ǵݳŹǣȴԼܺá
ǻعǶ˱ʳ֢ǳȶ
֢ʮء
Ⱥ庢ģмĽ׶Σǻ׶鵽µʹ࣬ȴֲǵӰ졣
ʵУ;˳˺ܿصС
ֻмֵģźѻָ
ҲǽʳΪʲôȡԭһûȡ㹻ͻһ֪ͨӦýʳˡ
ûеõӦͻܶ仯ԽʳʵˣԼʳɹ󣬾ͻ֮ǰӷıʳرݣҪôϱʳ֢Ҫôʳ֢˶ò̬
³ǵġμǡʳϸƣ𽥼ָ֮ǰĽʳˮƽ
£ÿ춼Ҫһмһ˶ЦĽ
̫ʹˡӵʱҲǶʮ£붼òţǾȻˡ
ҵʱҹѡɷͱ
ÿ춼ʲôʱܳԱ
ҵġɷ򡯰ҹĥرҵʱҶ챻Ѭˡ
ƽŮ˿治ףǾȻסˡ
ŮʱǷ߷߲ƽ˵ҪЩŮˣҰҹðѵɱ
ƽŮûе
ԡ
ЩµˣǼֱħƽŮ˾찡ҼֱҵɷҪǸôңԸѸ
ǣҰְֿɲұɷ۸
ƽŮˡ
̫ˡ
Щɷ򡱵ĸ庢ǰѻͲƲָǵú죬һûһ֡
Ȩ϶˺ܶ֡
ⲻΪƫΪƫƣȨǵľǷū
Ͼū
̿һԾ棬ֻݣڹ庢ܹⷽõĽСĺӣҲࡣ
ЦŶһߵĿ˹˵ǳˡ
˹Цһ㻨ô˼ҪûгҲ̫Բˡ
ʼ磺ʮ죬ǱͲˡ
˶ǽģǺֻܿǵξԼξеĸܡ
Ҳ㹻ˡ
ʱ䣬㹻µ˲š
˹¶ǱߵѧУҲܸµѪҺ
ȱܶԵٵ˲ţǴٻС١
Щ岻ԺյģֲǼ̳˵Ĺ庢ӿãأйԻ͹ȥĹ壬̾ãȱҲûɵԼڿӡ
˹أ׼ȥϱߣ
̣˹ҪǶУͶͳȥ
ˣһ𿴡̳˹غߺߡ
˹ߵ̱һ³̵ĶͷȻӱס˳̣ƸһԾ
ǿһҹѻشõԾŵһߡ
ʱ򣬳ѡ˰ʮˡ
ʣµ˵е̫Ѿ׼˷Ѿˡͷⶼܴ⣬²⣬Ҳ֤Ǹû濴䡣
һƫأȣĥһʱ䣬Ӧá
ЩȲ̫Ҳ̫Ĺ庢ӣ֪ԼϾҪùˡ


254 
µġ֮ ͨԵĹ庢ǾҪѸ ʵʵǰָǵĳС
Ҫ齨Լİӣ ŬڷչصľúͿ²ҪǹܣҪȨ;Ȩͷֿ߻ ƺ⡣
ÿһжפ Щפǿ˹ѡˣ ˹ͳȫ
ڿ˹صĽӰˣǻеϾ̺Ϳ˹صܳ кܶʱȥѡʵˡ
Ϸƽ֮󣬶Ҳ͵ˡ
һĶƽñõöࡣ
ͼ۵ľ̿ӿг ͨ· øصʳƷʥǣǿñͼļǮСΡ
ɺܹ󣬲ǳ̲ѹۣ Ǹѹȥ һǽͨ㣬ϵ˹½ң  ֻܴӿС
ԺҪ䣬 ɱͰ
˺⣬ ξ ξǸطУһᴿʱûлѧֶΣᴿֻýӽԭʼַ
ᴿҲִĺóԣһζʱ򶼿ԺԲơ
μһֱӸ߲£Ϊ䲻㣬ɱߡ
ҳ̵Ļѧγɼһֱһ㣬߿ֹ֮ôãȫˡ
㻹ǵãҲ֪ôȥҸᴿĻѧҩ
Ŵη֣κɹΡ
εȻִ˾ںĵ£ԼúˮΣҲ
Գ̾ǵȹȶ֮󣬰ѸԼٽģСϵ˹İͼ
ϾСֱҲһôΧʮӡ
˵ǹң̶ǿϵ˹֮ǰиԲС
λǸˣغʾԼҲûŮ׸ʲôԼԶԸ׷ֻϵ˹
˹ģֻá
ټСҲûʲôвԷֻԼǸʹӦˡ
ǵĹҿԶڿϵ˹İΧ¡
ʱῴϵ˹ʷϳֵĹļ¼Щдˣ֪Ϊʲôǻ硣
ͨǵûȫƹʵʩˣλ֮ƷǵǳϳϦʡ
ֱɵĶĺܳ
ȻɵļߣҪʼòڵĲˣƨˣһɵġ
õʱιǡˣλһɵӡ
ֹϵ˹Ҳࡣ
ʱ㲻ãѡߣǳ˳Ȼһ̶ϿԱӹҲһ⡪
ҽ׽ǳ࣬ĺӶȱݡ
׽ˣźɵӡ
ͨҲУ߼ˡ
Ҳˣ̨̨һɵӡ
ûǿ
ҲһҶࡣ
ƶĻǽֹڽ顣
ĸ˫ֻһ
ҲظЩƶԭ򡪡֮ǰЩĸٺֵķƽܽá
һιƶȫ£ÿյһ죬һ춼һֻԼ
ɻִʮֱ꣬ȥȡޡ
żЩ¼鶼Ϊ¼Щˣõһ
д˲ʫ
óۣǾֻĸ֣ƨͨ
ʲô
һĿ˹ֻһɫӣ¶ؼʹ븹Ӻ߽ǰĳ̡
ͷ˹ЦЦ֪׼ʲô
˹أҪһ
֪˹ص˼Ц˵һΡ
˹ر֤ࡣ
ԡ峿£ĴһΡ
ȻˮϵĺҺɾ
ÿʱ򣬳̶лԼħ壬壬ڴϣڴϵ·ϡ
ŪһУ;׼ˡ
⼸̵Ͷ棬ϼѼƵƲȥĸͣȻһ㼦˿ɫ߲˵׺Ϊ˵ʮˬڡ
ϵ˹Ĺ嶼ϰ߳ͣͶ⡣
ڵθȻйθǸϲʽʳ
ϧûˮ̴Ҳûˮ޲е߲˹Ϲ
ҾޣڴҲȥҲһийƵĹҡ
뵽̻Щɥġ
Ƕ룬ûйãô꣬ûһΪԼйˡ
һй֪ԭĹҲһͻʱô죿
ǿϵ˹δĹøǿ
Ϊһйˣ޷ΪС
뵽ͺù˺ܶࡣ
ûй˵ǸϢ
Է緹֮󣬿˹Ҫȥȥ˯
춼Ѿǻˣָɾ
ʥǽñˣƶ˿ڻ쵽£ɽֵͳһ룬˺ʵ
Ҳڷ絲ĵطסһҲľľ̿ȡůֻڵĹԽ֮󣬵˶ʼż١
ʳǲȱġ
סڰ÷һ̫æ·ϴɾɹ÷ⷿͬǰȺģм˺ͼֻŮ˵ļͥǺĸһӸĳ
ǸյʱǳǱЯǮĸˡԸʥǣǮȥԼ鸾
ĸŮֻ취˼һĶ۵Ķӣĸ̶Ӻʥǡ
ʱûоҲ֪ȥĶҺи˺ǣʥоȼǿȥ쵽ʳ
Ȼֻһ㶹ӺĺȼҲܻԲ
裬ó緹ˡ·Һ߽֮
÷󣬵ҲС㹻ĸŮĺܲˣ滹ĶһŴһ¹һӺӡ
Լ˺ܶණ
÷ֻס꣬ʱ䵽֮ûкɣͱȥ
ǰĵ߸¡
άߣ򵥵Ķĳߣķ߳ڵάߡ
Ϊý⣬ܹȥǮ˳ԷͱҪõ⣬ǺúõĴ
Ϊ˰ȫڴ˸ӣǮ˽ȥҪõʱڳ
㡣άŮЦ˵
Īһϡ
ά̾ǰ뵽ԭʥǵһҪٷ
һںҧһں˵ΪҪ٣ҾͶˡ
裬ڴ²ǮˡС˵һײķӡ
άҲܸˣҪǮ
ƲƲ죺Ҳʮꡣ
ά͵ʱ㶼һˡ
̫Ըĸ̸Щߺ˵裬ڿʥǣ㿴ʥǵŮǽ鶼öʮŮûнأʥǣҪһǾͻʥˣٱСҲ۸ˡ
άĻ˵ˣȻʥŮģǾӦףȻʥǵ˻ĸŮӡ
Թ緹֮άȥУÿ춼кУǰеĲʣеˡ
붬֮оһˣڸԸȥϾǲ׿嶫»
һ°ɡڵǮǴʮöͭȥӦһ¡
ά㲻һ𣿡
Ҫһ衣
άؾܾ·
·ˣֻһ£
άǿҲô£Ҳ䣡ʮöͭңǿԳˣ
Ҫ𣿣ô䣬һ쵽뿪䣿裡ʮöͭҶѣ˴¾ڲûǮ
άУҲҪ
ǮװڴȻԼ䣬Ȼٹ£֮ǰתά˵裬ţҲںʮͭһʮöңֻ֪Ҫһ£ʮöͭұҪҪھ͹ֹң
ңһ뿪ôģҵҲҪˣҸһ
άǸһȥ¡
ǻ˶Ͷɡ
õĶһϡ̯кĸŮĻһһС鶹ɡ
ȻĸŮһöͭ鶹̯һС顪ֻһָôϸС鶹ɡ
ĸŮõ̲֮סЦ
СЦ˻˵´ҿԸָôġ
˰ɣǿ϶ֻаָộСš
СЦһöͭҵĶѾ˹ͷˣ
һŤͷԼļۡ
뿪֮άС˵˼Ҿ
裬㿴˭ò̫ˡ
άе㰫˰ҲҪôи̯ӣԼԺ󲻻ᰤ
Զԣάӿٶߡ
ʥǵļиǰڳеļȫͬûаĵ棬ǵˮͷ㣬ͼķ㲢ûеǡ
Ҳ·ʱЩ߲·ӡ
ǰǿǴеģ֪лôණ
ݵרŵ̯λǵñ֤̯λûˮͷ㣬ʱʱľҪɨ
Ⱥݵ̯һǮ˸רŴɨˡ
ÿһҳ˶Ǯʡ£ɨҲõ˹һݻĳ͡
ĸŮŻʱ̯ҼҵЩǿɶιģιС󣡡
ǿ϶ܹ󡣡
̯˵öͭҾһֻ
鶼Ҫһöͭҡ
ö̫ͭˡ
̯Ȼֿͷļöͭҵּ
̯ץһֻС̫˿ɲУ˴٣ЩС͵ˡ
̯ûѧֿιҲûǸ뵽ĺð취֮һ
軥һۣ˶ܲöͭĲࡣ
ͽöͭңɹֻСС
ȻǼ䡣
ɹĻʮöͭһް
ް˹¶Ǳߴģǵȥ˹¶޻֮󣬲һЩģȻû˹¶±ůҲܲˣͨ·úܶ࣬ٶഩ£Ȼжر𷽱㣬ůͣȻҲôˡ
ȷʵ츣ˡ
ԺάѾɵԼά¡
ȻĸŮȥһСƿ͡
ǸöʱһΣٷһ㽴ͣζΪԼڳʲôرõĶ
궫֮ǴʮöͭҾֻʣһöˡ
һöͭҲڻؼҵ·õˡ
άǮһؽֽСкһٻ
Դֽñ֮󣬾д취װƷģҲҪ硣
ЩŮ˻ȥҰҴȻȾϣֲ߿СĸֽȾɫȻüÿһƬ꣬ƴһ֮ЩٻļٻԽԽ£ܿͳΪܻӭװƷ
άһɫĻɫҶӣǳƯ
ִŮͷ֮άĶͷҵıˡ
Щ˼ȥ裬ǿڼ
ǵȻô׵İСɱ⣬׼ιһЩӣǳճȥһڳӸԣܲܳԵĻҪ˶Ǿܵõһֻ󹫼ࡣ
ĸŮһټ˶ͽ͵ĺһٳԵķǳ㣬֮ĸŮҲɻɴԼһ٣ú˯һ˯Ѿˡ
ĸŮһͬϲóԷҲøɻǾͰſȥһĹڳһ졣
裬˵Ӧһʲôķӣʡ
άոʮҲʮͷҲ˵ϣһԺӣһЩͲˣཷԵʱֱڻ԰ժ
ҪһŴӣԺһкܶѣʱ͡
άҪʲôҪš̨֯ǿԼڼ֯
ǻȥء
ά֪ʲôʱˡ
ܻȵģ裬һлᣬǾȥ˹¶һ˵˹¶رá
ά˵ְǰ˵Ҫȥ˹¶
˸ۣˣֻ裬ûаְ֣ԺټҲֻᵱûмʶ裬ϣҲô
άǺŵ˵ҲȷҸְʮʱͽˡ
裡
άðɺðɣģôʲôᳳھӵġ
ץסά֣裬ԺܹϺӣһ죬ܴ˹¶£סл԰Ĵӣÿ춼Ե⣬ټ;٣ֻҪĸŮŬǾǿǸǮ뿪ǵİְ֣Ҳǿҵδɷ򡣡
άֻǵġ
ᶨ裬㲻ҪģֻҪλһֱǵı£ǾͻʵЩԸ
άæ˵¿϶һֱǱ£찡㲻˵ֻ̫ˣ
Ҳ˼ˡ
άò˽ŮĻᣬƽʱŮ˵ĸ׿ѣñ磬ǣҪĴжĸײŻһֱӱ£²Żһֱǡ
ҪԶǵãнΪ˭
裬֪
άץס󣺡һɣΪһֱ
ûоܾõģ衣
һĸ
ᵽʥԺ֮Ҳʼĸˡ
˵ĸʡǮˡ


255 
ѩˡ
ĵһѩ 죬 ֵϵĻѩʮ׺ 붬֮ǰѾҺˡ
ţͷÿ죬һʲٵǮ ʵͺ û£һ¾ǶȹһĶ졣
ֻҪţͷ˳󣬾ͺٻ׳ȥ¡
ţͷ˱³˸磬 · ȻȥʳóԷȷʼ֮ ǾͰᵽ˼ᣬȻҲѡ񲻰ᣬ ûһô֮ǲԼȥʳá
³츺֣л𣿡һţͷСܹʡ
³ʵش𣺡ҸǰʥԺ֣ û˸һ𡣡
С˵Ӱɣͻ𡣡
³ͷ
£һһ졣
׼ˣ괺ͽ顣СӺܸˣ˵ȫ硣
³ȻĽǿá
Сӣ˵ǿ԰ᵽǱȥסķӺܱˣ ǿԼһЩѼͶڼˣ˻ѳõļѼߡ
һȥѩѻѩľȻߡ
ǵĳҲΪǷ˺ܶࡣ
ûôõĻʱѵöࡣ
Ǵ³Ժ󣬻һЩʱ˵Ļ⣬翪֮ѧУҪʼѧˡ
ҪʮµĺǶѧ
Ҽĸӣʮ꣬Ѿܸɻˡ᲻üͶ
ڼҲһǮʮõһöͭңһôҲܴ
Ҳ˵ȥѧУʲôõģҼҵĺӳ˰ְûʲôôҸطȥˣȻҿҪƷˡ
ʱ޿̶мǺ޲ÿ춼ƺ
ǵĸ׳ÿҶ˵ŶСһ㣬ûú˯ͲǮʲô
ǸǺӣǶħСħǻ᲻ǹ
ȥѧУ̫ˣĸ¡
˹ҲѧУβѾҺʦѭѭգյĸʦǣǲģ֪ʶģֻѧ֪ʶȫʽԼԸ⣬Ϳ˹ĵԼĲӣԼܿס
ѵ֮ϾҪϸڵʦڿЪˡ
ʱҲϽ֣ʱ䶼Լһǻ·һ˾ռ֡
ȵʿڻ·Ϊ䣬ǸͿϢһ죬ȹΪֹûҪЩȥ
ڱ߾ɲײ⼸ʮӦöٺͿϵ˹ͻ
ڸȴԼǾãȻϵ˹ǿӲͷǲͶԿɲͶ֣ϾɲͶȻŽǹС˿Ҳࡣ
̶֪ô۱ȽϺãӦ÷ֻɲͶĽˣŽҲңʱ򣬸Ǹϲ˵ͻ᲻ֱȥǷìܱøŽᡣ
ʥ⣬ȫڳ̵ĳУڶʼ˽裬һɳĹԱ̨Ҫĵһʲô·Ĺλó֮ĵ·ͨ
ڶҪʱ򣬳̰䲼һ彫ء
ҲµľλȫϳϵĹʥҾλܴһ
ûܵԣ׼ȷ˵ӦǷԵ̫ССԺԲƣǹǾһһ̣Ȼʲô
Ͼͱʥˣλ͵ӾоǣӵеĶһСӣҲûǮû;ʥ˽Ϣ
ƽںûй˵Ӱ첻
ЩѾʼͶˣǱʾԼԸΪ£ֻǳΪֵ´С١
ܾ̾ˡ
СģӵĹ庢ǻĿԣЩһѣڹнѾõ˿ɲС
֮󣬿˹ҪˣҪȥϷϷȱס
Ͼ˹¶Ϸ˹¶ľʵϷڶеƽѾʼ˴ģǨ㣬˹¶һԾΪʥ⣬ϵ˹ĵڶС
̶Կ˹˵ȥ˹¶֮󣬾ͶԿ˵Ժ˹¶͹ˡ
˹ЦҾÿϲһԸ⡣
̣ѾԶһˣҲʥǼ͡
˹أҺܿͻ
̵˵ͷ
˹뿪ʥǵ죬ȫǵ˶ȥС
Ϊ˹ǸӢۣǻԼСľڿ˹ܿĵط裬һ˹ؿȥǾͻУҳˣҲҪ
кŮǶӢᣬǿߡ
˹ضЩЦЦȻʹԼӳ
뿪ʥ֮ƽǻ·׷žӣֱǿΪֹ
ħǶʥǡ
ǳ̵ľϣħӦͨųħ嵱ǵħǱı֮󣬷ϰսɱǣܱܿΰĻˡ
̲òΪҵİȿǡ
ħƺûоòôʲôã
ʵʵʥסЩԼҵ˰ˣڴк֮ǾȥʥǸĳС
ħǿǺȻԼòô˺ܴһ
ǿʼԼҪõ޲·˵ʱҲǿ̬
вħĽˡ
Ϊţ̶ʱûаԱ̶
ͬԽı˺ܶࡣ
Ů˲ɾģʱĴǳأŮǷȽͬԻǼǵȺ塣
ǿһɻһںӡҸ˽֣ǶԼ¡
Ҳ֣ʱʲͣһŮˣһ߰˸ӡ
ֻǴ̫ͣĸ̫ߡ
˹¶Ժ֮һЩ׼ӵģ׼ɱӵĸףͻѺӶ¶Ժſڡ
һ˵¶Ժǻȿǽûкӵķ򸾡
ҪȷھмĿڱȷû˺κκӣȷӺõļͥͰ
Ҫģһ£µλϣܿɹ
˺ӵļͥʼÿһ¶Ҫȥ¶Ժ˰ѺӴһģȫĿռ䣬ѯʺûбŰԱֽ֮󣬾ֻҪȥǰȥһΣ꣬Ͳȥˡ
ӤͲµĺӣôֻÿһʱȥҷã۲캢ûˣһ㶼Ҫ
Ķ࣬Ҳࡣ
ÿ춼ҪȥвƲжͷָ
̷֣ΪȫһȥԵǶ˲ٻԱ
Ǵͨɨä֮ϸڵƽΪòв˶ְ
֮󣬸ضʼ·ĳҲʼִµķɡ
ϷУ˹¶ΧĴСҲһ
µķɴµ
ÿһֵõɨǲٱشС㡣
Ҫ滮µĵˮŷſڣЩˮڳ⾭͹֮ŷųȥ
ұҪӣÿֵһΰͤ
һЩãʵ͵ĳȡ
˹شϷʱ򣬰ʥڵΧУ˷츲صı仯
֮ĵ·Ҫ޺ˣÿ춼ڵĹˮɣƽĺǻĳʱ̷ѧȻȻڽֵϣǻ׷֣Ȼ󱻴Ǻʵһ㣬Ҫײˡ
Щ̫ܵ죬·ϣȻһ߿һֿܿʼܡ
ǵı仯ֳҵı仯
ЩģµĺӣĴһǱΧĻţ˱ž죬ⲢǶ£ֻܴѾȫǱѧαװ죬Լ
˹ؽǵʱ˶ڽֵ໶ף
ʻӵ˿˹غʿͷϣϣʿᱧ·ߵĺӣǶ۵ŮˣתһȦַ֮£žߡ
һΣǿϢˣսҹоصԼԴڲԼĲϡ
֣һ߸߸裬һҥһ質˹ص֣質̵ͳΡ
˹ڿ쵽ʱҪȥıȳ̼ģҸº͵ʿ֮ǲܽɢ
ڿԻǮˡ
˹ûл·Ҳûȥϴ裬ֱȥ˳̵ķ䡣
˹ƿŵʱ򣬿ľǴĳ̡
̴һۣнӺͱʯͷһ˿ᵽԺ¶֪ʱʼüۡ
̳˹΢ЦȻǰץס˿˹صţһ¿˹صգȻԿ˹˵߰ɣҵ󡣡
˹ûסЦű˷䡣
ıոսսʿվڸ̨£ıɶʮʿڳʿʣ
Ǵ̫࣬ÿһУҪɱפվ֮䴫Ϣԭͳߵʣɡ
̨̿µʿǣǰ˹Ҳվ̨¡
ڣ˹վߡ
ſ˹ص֣ǵĿ⽻֯һ
һ쿪ʼϵ˹ڣûһطһУһׯڳ̵ĹϽΧ֮ڡ
ǿϵ˹
кܶҪ¡
صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ