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 1 

ãŶҡϣСȡ
ǰһС̯ЩЯСġ̯λСȴߣһЩϵǰڵ֣ⶼΪ˴ʳţ
Щ˱ǿЩСģȴйˣҲ󷽵Ľ
Ϊʲô
ٺ٣˭װӵĶʥأ
ͻŶƫͷȥֻһһһƵĴǰιֱš
ɵӣҲʳǣ
һصſϷȴϻ̳ϿֵҾÿŶסžһ϶Ȼδ
ֶʳǵЩûӶ̧ȥ룿
ɵ˰ɡ
⻰ŶƫͷȥԱ̯λţʵ磬֪ô£
Цֻ㣬ǸŮˣӦܲµ˰ɡ
㣿
ŶһŤͷŲͷ򣬿ϧ뿴Ӱˡ
ֹǳǴ󽫾أ
Ŷźͷȥƹ𣿡
˰ֱƹأ˵ֳشЦмȺثֹƶˣżæŵأʹ󽫾ף
ף
Ŷһֱһƨϣ˳ּȥһҡȣֵʲô⣬˰̻Ȣ費Ҫ
ŵŶƵǣҪ޹һλү
ޣŶЦһһƲ죬Ҳ䲻ĳ
ʵʵҲôģûκ׽㡣
²İ
ţ
ʮСʵţʮŭĺŵһ飬Сľ˹˹ԶҲûչܣֻ޹ڳ㡣
ĸףƹһˣֱ֮ǡϻЩδȥӤʣȴѿɼպˡ˿գŴ۾ֺЦŵģ״Ů
ȥץҲȷʵһ£žЦһһѽŵԴڸ첲
ϻӲף澡Ǳķɳĵŵۡ˫ڰպţڱ£㣡ý㣡ۣ
ŵĺӳȥӲľذһۣǽӵ˴ϡ΢Ʊ˵صΪͬף
һ޹Цֲͬģǻİ
һҧȧǵһӲߡһﲻתǶȥ޷ڣɺȴĶ졣
书־ˡ
˵ûٿǹԶСľǷ´ͷͳһ飬ζؿ

Ըκ˲ôš
ŮϹѵȴһļƶûڵ߹
ƵţŵĶһīȾƬ׻ʱһʱĻûգֻЦſһ㡣
ΪͬףȻƶûá
ԤϣǳЦᣬҪɻģҷȢ
ȢҲУҲԸɻ飡һͻȻ΢΢ͻҲԸ뿪塣
ҾǲԸ뿪
߳ΪȥϳָⲻźۼŮ룬ڱ߾ҲܾˣҶ֪һսͽƹ£ҪҪһүǰģҲľ
ϼӳڵ޵Ԩս
㱾ѰĹŮӣˣȢһԺΪʲôʱʲôʱסñסá
Ȼץסֱ֣۾ȷϣҲھһʱ䡣
Ǳֱھгɻ顣Цţȴ䣬һ͹⣬ͲҪʲô
һº
ƹĺ׶鵽߾
ݻĺɫڡ
ү²һͶºҲˣʲô˼ǡưʢ˵ְ
Ҳ֪´˾پΪүȴѹԼĲѹүǰ緢ºүˣ
ԽԽүίü۶ţһ޵Ŀģ
Ρ۾ë׵ĺУֻ¶һһ˿Ѫɫ԰ֽһ˼еĕiģڱڵĻ谵ڣֻī滭߳޹ûɢ⡣ֻ޹ǸӣֹŮ
˸Ƿְ̧ۣ˰ڣһŶǹ˼ˣǼҲûҺÿءǡȷʵȽʺҡ
һҭӵ¸ſɲΪ˿
͵ǿ¡Ρ˵һգ㣬ɱǰǼӣҪһӾȥƹǰ϶ȰԴ
㡭ӣ¶֣̿ʱߣñֶκò
ˣڸˣ
ү
ΡЦˣءòֺηЦۣڱصõİâұͲںʲôģ
ͻȻͣ£ɻ󺰵ôˣ
ս߾ãӦüӿٶǰǰ
ҪÿͻͷӵĺЦһɤŵţ˵δŵСӣСˣ¶£
һĺЦȾ߷ߣһľͳȥ̧ͷȴڿǲͷĺŮʱȻס
һŽüĿŮӣѰŮûеӢȴ˴ϳӡΪգӳԡ¾֮ˡ
ֻڸͷϸ񣬴űɱ֮˸¶С־壬᲻Ųһ˲
飬ҳȥ
үĺŻعŤͷ֮ǰŮһۡ
㣬ү䡣
Сڡ
˵໢һЦڿΡʱֹǸòСӡ
˵ûĽΡϳŮˣһ֕i˰ˡ
Ρλ׵Ҳڴ˿̶ۡ
ԭϵķХʺȹذ׵ڷԡ
ݵضϣֻ۾΢΢֪ʲô
ΡڿŮӵһ˲뵽ƹӥ
һֻһɫӥһĻ꣬ƹȻʸ߹壬Լչֵǡҡ
ƹŮ׷գΡȻҲ⡣ʻʱʱưŮһʱ˵ѡЩŮӲվӡ֮ˣҲҪҸһÿŮӡ
Ůӣֱڡ
ΡĥòĸɵӴģ
лҪ˵ܿգϸڿ࣬𿼾ݣ롣Ͻŷ磬ȱˮ侲侲档ȤСʹղذ

 2 

㿴źɫǰһ˽ӡƹĺϻص˵ˣ׵үƹһˣ˭δŵġСӡҲͺˡ
ֻӵĲģ
㣿
ͷȥѪɫһЦǡ
ǰ˺׶飬ͻȻ׷װγǴһ
ߵĳޣзӳͱµͷ­Һںĸԭɢ̻
һ˼ñܿԵ໢ȴǲܣѪϣкһ
Ц㻹ǲࡣ
໢Цһ϶ҲὦѪġ
˵䣬ƹ׶ѾһƬ£ƸͬһǣǶֵؿ㣬ŵҪǿվŵ顣
ΡȻҲ㣬оȣ޿־塣
ò֮˵˿˷Цһһġһȸ֣ôȡ
ƷƷѵƷ㻹ᡭ
ǽΡɣ
Ρߣ££Ůȥ
ү龪ֵסˡ
ΡͷüЦɱŭɱңӵĵ𣿡
ҧ֣ͷΡ˵
ԭϵХֹεΡÿ̤һһ˲ᱻɵĸо
໢Ϊ׵Ľʿвм֮ɫԽԽ
ûΡǿһƬĺ׶飬˴κʹ˭
һͷ׷սսվ𣬹⳼ƹ񲿡
Ҳ㵽˭
Ů䵭ŵҪ£µŮһ仰ֱͦ
Ҳ
Ρǰߵһǰ㻹δӸµؿߡ
㼴̷̣תƹʵۣΡһͦģ㲻ͬƹƽϴ˴δɱ
ƭˡ
Ρһ䡣Լòţʵڿֵ
ɡ⳼δ𣿡
Ļļ
һͷˮػͷ˸֣ʮ
ֵ˼ǹ
п־彥ɢȥֻɻҪʲôڣǼӱ߳顣
ֻΡ˲²⣬㣬ֻŮӺ촽΢
໢˶ɱˡ
õĻŮӿȴԷˮһ򵥡
˷ܵĺѸӶԹιűвҽΡȻת
Ӧһɱ׶źܶϰߡȻͶȸ֣ʵɱĳ
Ρڳ޵ع
ôѪ𣿡
Ρһ㶣ƫͷ֪ʱվߵ㣬ҡͷû
𣿡
Ů䣬˫ԵԽ͸룬־Լһ˫Ρ
ƭ㡭Ҳƭ
Ρ£µ¡
ӰΣüЦһ
ȷʵǸӣĽ˵û
Ե걻ŵɫɷ׿վסˣߡһɧζ
һ
һʹֻɫƹʵ
һ໢һɢѪûɺһƬء
ߵԹˡ
⡭⳼δ
Щǣ

ɫһƹ͸үٴϼ̽ӣ
⳼ҡ
ңոʮŷأͻȻͺɱҵ̽ӣ
ǡǡ˵ŲźۼΡһۣȻ󹧾⳼̻عֻϣͬ˵仰
ǣ
໢ͷһһЦ㶼ɫŹ֣ʲôšҪ˵ʲô㡣
׿ϣֿΡү
ȻѾͬ⣬ΡҲòӡԶڱϻʹˡ
ϳǰˣȴǵһ˾š߾ʿеĹ񽫾鴫࡭
ЩӦ㲻̽ӣ̽鱨ǸҪӦ
ɫһһѿڣүϧƹգֹս𡣡
ΡЦ˼⣬ϻǿ
һߣ໢ԶԶ˵㸴ͷ˵СƹŮģһ½ȻС˵֮ˣò¡
Цбô˵ģ
໢ԴЦ˼ࡣ
΢ۿѾ˵껰߻صˡ
Щ˼ɱⲡһٴΣȴ·϶ֶҪ˾ٴξٱѣΪҪһɱ֪ƹʵ̫ⲡѹϷ
дǺ㿴Ρ飬飬ƹʹڶֻת߾سǽ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ûӽӻΪûһƹܻ̤ǳءǼ޹ģˣ
໢̻⣬ȾѪȻն顣
Ρͫһޣ
໢
ͣǰŵͷŨصѪζ촽ţһȥ
໢࣬ϳȥ
복ᣬɷ׵СڻָЩѪɫоδɢСĻȥˡ˶ϷŮǡ
ΡһֹҪ˵ĻЦֹǿ͹ĺүϷͦ𡣶ҽռɱ磬Ӧ˸ð
ͻȻƿһϴŸɺѪԴС۹⵹
˵ģǺÿģСɫļ͸ƹټҰֻòԼո˵үֹĻ¶Լү
໢ģЦСӡ
Ρ飬ƿ⿴ȥװšױʿգһ䡣
㡭һʼû׼ƹ˻Žǡ
ûãΡŲԶһü
Ӫ
ȷʵǾھӪζӼƮɢͷŴЩΧԱߡ
߾Ƹߣȴųಲʵļϻк顣еǴܴ˵ģеǺȾƳһġ
ԶԶӰʱͣжֻûҪ·˼
ǽģǽ֦Ҷ뽫սͬͬסһƴɱġŮ޵ĽһһǻѽһͨŮӿ
˵ҪȢһСӡҲûò죬Ĭ£վſ֡
ͷͣ£Ŀ˳֮ϡ


 3 

һʿ¶ʧ˵ƹôëûСӾͿ֮߳ӡһ˽
ȻСӣûͦÿġ
úÿʲôãһҪĲӣҪڴҲҪӣͻȻ죬վֱ¶һЦ
ɨһȦջ߿ϵΡ
꼸ñĽ˷³
üͷһ壬ͬ໢µֹǸӣǸȳӣ
үȳӣ
໢ĵӣȴްá
໢ЦСһЩѵĻȥһ׺ݶɷԹӦ
ȥӪʡ
Ρ߼ǰЦҵӪڵԱ𣿡
Ưβ洽𣬹ĻȻ뵽׽ֻ׺ƻһ־
ǰָͿԡ
űָⰴӾ࣬ӿܡ
˵ջת磬գûӰ
ΡվԭأԼдʹľ࣬޹գգֹûǵɡ
໢Цһߡ
ʱɫѾԭϴ̹ǵӪХӪڣޱȼªİ裬ΪھӪ׼ھӪͬү𣿡
Ͳ׼д֮񡣡ΡڴϣֹδȥӹͷϸҲԵӷףҲһ˿Ѫɫ԰ױүһʼףԸף
ӦҲԸ⡭ոͻȻסүĳһ£үǻ볤Զһ㡭
Զһ㣿ɲУһȥءΡһվϥǴʹ˲Ӿ磬۽һ͵˻ȥںƵҲ̫ˡ
鿴ΡѴϣ̼ȥָ˵һƵĹγӪʡ
Ρջץյֹ֣Ҳ⺢ˡ
ѳӪʵãȻܣҹɫеľӪյģأںδ
ͷӬתͻȻԶ⣬һЩֵĺ˷ȥ
ûñҹɫɢĹΣܵļžڰȣǴΧĻյͬ磬ж
ܶϯΧһƽ̨ڿֻʱʱŭ𡣷θ̨һ࣬һ
ζζζ߻һζ˵쳣̱ǣСɿ촩ܿ콫ǰǰͻȻһڣʹһűײıӻû壬Ͼʹ˼ص
໢ļ磬һͷĽ׳ѹЦŵСӡ
֣ҽ飡
鰡ǽ໢ʲô໢ЦţȴͻȻҲЩ䣬úôӪʲôһɱǽ
ǣæǿһۣûߺһۣҪ衣
裿
о˫һʹ˾ͱ˸ͷ໢ЩɳƵϷ
㿴𣿡
ûСĬһ̽ŵûл𣿡
еȻеģΪʲôҪЩӲ⣿
㣡
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үӲã;˴䣬޻ǼªӪ˯һһ
໢ˬЦţ۵װؼѪɫָָԼҾС
ǵѪɫһʱʱѹĵıŰ鿴໢ΧʿöĬĬԶ˼Ǻ£ǲ뱻һѪ
໢Ϸ̨һ߿ڴλ󺺡
һ󺺱߷ҲûգԼϥûƵվ˿໢ֿ˿飬¶һϷЦ̨
ֹ̨ܵĺҲһϷıڽͷӶ
˻ҪСӴ򰡣
ȻأȥһȦ
ûأֹ׼ɱһ㣬ƹСӣղסְɡ
ʲôģûֹǿžͺá
໢ھ书㣬ϵʵ˵ھӪҲе֡
顪
ĵ¡
ճֵʱ㿴˳ʵϣ໢»͸Сûѹʵûʲôÿġ
ǰؿһۣͻһ˿¡

໢˼ɵģΪǲүֻʣһˣСӴˡ䲻ᷣȥչǲӣ϶Ҫȥ˵ģ鷳
鷳
ȭ𾢷磬ʱ΢ĹѪҺ罦ڿлߡ
໢ܣѪѪζԽ裬ŵԶЦһתҪ̨
û꣡
໢üëһͷΡΡͻѪп־壬۵еʤļᶨ
໢ЦҾ棡
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ⳡԣЩͷ
˻ȥһһα򵹣һһε
໢ֻƾһĵ£ܲסôȭġ
ô
Ե׵ĹӦƫڷأÿζжִԼϵ
㹻վô𣿡
˼Ƭ̺ҡҡͷ˵Ӧ޷ס໢ôȭ
νҲԷƱ໢Ǽһܵʱϲֱֱȥݣһ䡣
ν䵭ɫ˼Ц⣬лޡ
ҲЦ⣬㲻ϳޣʵѡ
ν˵ͷֻ䵭鿴̨ü໢ˣĲֹ
ٿ֧໢ɱ
Ĵϵ˽໢֮ԶǱ鼤һҪɱ꣬ھպգǵʲôӵ⣬ֻǺܵģ棬ͻᱨء
ֻأ˳ܲ
֮һһȭܻܲܿᡭ
ˣүô졭
𲻸֣̿͵ر𾪳⡣
һֵֻס໢ȭϸģģһֱŵĽС֣ȵץס໢Ҫȭͷ
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веڶ֡
Ѿȷϣ黹գգۣʹѪ΢΢ģ߱վһԵˡ
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Цÿ
ԣڲЩʱ
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ʲʲôַܿӳ˵ʲôϽСȽ𣡻ߺһ㱻ӣ鷳ĻϣȲ裬ܽ﷿ҲУ
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΢Ҫҩ
ˣ̾ͺá֪һֱ飬̫ˡ˵žɥصͷ
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㲻֪뵽ʲôͻŭɢ˵ƣ໢ĬĬŲԶһ㡣
ҪĶ໢ٸһЩҩ
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໢ЦһģǶߣȥ﷿ȸҩ
ȥ﷿
໢һЦ·̨ɫͻȻһ䣬䱸
νһżֵո˵򲻹ҡ
໢
໢ߣһܣ
νͷҲ㻹ɽķԸɡ
໢޺ҧ
࡭ˣ
໢ɿ죬ֻһЦ⣬Ҫȸҩ°˿ɲá
ˡ
ҩɡ
˵˲ã
ӴƢ
˵ŽнԶڷ̨ܱߵĬһһ󺺴ЦŵСӿû뵽ͦѪԵģϧ˰ɡ
ǰɣϧŵĻֱӻξδ˺Ǻ˴ܵʱ򱻽ֵģ
ɵˣСƹ˰
ҲŶеϧ
һʼĴ˼ŵ䲻ξܻΪСǲӺùһ㡣


 4 

ΡΪ鶨òκζ㶵ؿ˻裬û˵˳ȥһ̣ͷһһȲ衣
ֻϡ
Щ˴ģ
齫ľƵߣ̲ŵӮġ
Ӯ˭ģ
ʹһɤţҩˡ˵໢ƿӲӪʡ
Ρаɫһ飬𣿡
ͷ
Ҷ֪ʲôʱô󳤽ܴӮȸˣ
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үǰҲǡ
ȸ֡
Ρĵ£齫֮ĸ˻ȥ
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Ρۿһϣ䶼Ҫ۵ʵĿġ
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Խ˵ԽģֱתԼүһ˫۾ǷŹ⣬װ׵д϶
᣿ΡЦһһգǸһٸ棬ôõɱ˶ˣ
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˸໢´ʣ̤롣һͷ׷ȴӵվ𣬡£ƹѾˣȥ˰ɣ
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ЦһҡͷϣƹûҴ£Ҵɱء
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Ψаûһƨ㣬Ӷһ
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˵ȷʵ൱ֻǻ̫ˣ˿ֽթ׺ݵġ
ء
ϿЦϷҲսҲˣʵ
ȥأҪ˵ˣоġ
⡭ϲɫЩ֣̿ȻǸ취ϷҲ֮ãֻǡ
ЦԪϣҸսķ¹պսţָ˭ء
ϳڴ
ɥޣδңϥӣս˵ȫ塣
ľ
ӯЦ
֮¾ʹ˶£֮ССĳǳأ֣ϸڣ֡ȻȴܿϤ鶨Ϊۼңʵ²źۼϣķ
ʱ֣佫ǾɢȥĹҲ飬ְϳӡ
ӡȨӡڻʵۡٹٶס
£ӡذһ֮ϡ

͵غ飬̧ͷеꡣ
ɱ֮ŭ˲ѹ˫ϥһͨ£ֹסطȴǹȾү
ȣü鷳ļһֳʲôˣ
үãε֢״ǰδй
ʱȥ͸λ佫ν໢أ໢һ´ʾʣͷǡ˵飬Ȼһһ
νסལֻնڽ¡
ν
νɿɱתʩ
Щ
ǣ
߳һţߣȥү
ϲɫĵлл
ү˵ᡭ
߳Ӫʣ鿴ŹһԼλʿͫһæŤͷ㣬Ȼס
󡭡
Ů˿־塭
ڳԨֻһԿţ鶼оŵд̹룬գ۱鲼֫ٺ
ſ˿ڣȴûܷǾֵغһ
һٻͷ­ĳ޻˹ŵλʿ
ֻһ졣
оųߵĴҶŷɳףɺѪء
ڷֻƺѾˡ
˿صǡҡ
ҲӲ
໢Զĵ


 5 

ҲӲӲʲôҲʿһȥ
ͻȻſڵصʿ˶ˣ͵һ
ֻΪ˼ѵŲ峯£ɳƵлɱ֮
´Ρ
衭֣ҵȻл
ƿߣʿȥ˱Ӫˡܹȥг´ƹүӪʡ
ǣ
Ըӣһͷۡ궶øɸƵģɫҲһһ׵ģüԶǿ첽
СӺúõ/һӦúܺá
Ц໢⣿
ǵ̸ϡ໢𴽽ǣҰһĻ¶Եޱû
ǰ̤ӪʣһӾʹҩӦģȫǺ顣
ü´ҲôһҲˡ
´ҩ䣬һ˫һۿ㣬һЦ󿪿ڣѵô¹ǲҵ
Ŵϵ̧̧°ͣ
´ͷӦǡҲ߽ϸϸ
ȷʵżÿƤң˿಼ĺΣ΢첻شϢţǺѵģϵ鷢Ҳ亹ʪͷһļϣԵԽ̬
ܼŮ̬ɶ˵
ֻϲƿƿصĶǰеᷳ

໢һһ̧ļ磬ȴ޷ְ˵Ĳ龪ֵУָڣҪ˵ʺȻ󡭡ֻڹĺá
ͻȻס
˵ĺϣһС룬˵ᴭ
ҲһźɫС룬ʱ۵ɸҲС

Ǹɡ
ԡ
һͷˮүʲô
ͷ´ŵɽһˮ֢֮˵˴Ỽ˲Ӧߵĵƶͷʹʳˡѡ
ʵʱɫڵһ죬ɿһۡ
ոջĽҪɱүֻǰæɿã˵үŹ̫ˡ
յش˴ͷ˶ɥ
ĿбӣҼǵֲгҩݡ
Уǡ´ֹû¶òŽŵˡ¹ֱԣǿ֮˾㲻ҩӦҲ£λƹӣӹʵ̫ˣҩסҲ֮ǡ
һü治ͷɫ
УжѾá
ж
һԶ¹ٲѧǳֱ治
λ´ʵǳ̫ҽ̫ҽԺԺ֮ӣҲͽԺһֱȥһʷ곤Ҫƹ㽫оҽ֮Сչ˼ֱˣй¶ݡ
㻹Ǽ˲˳ƽչЩҲ֪ҽտֱ治Ķ
ϲͷɫȥĿ顣
ֻϲ𾪣ֻѹŵŭ֪үж֪
˭µģʲô
򴽣һڲſڣ֪ʲôƹܸүҲү¶ֻбݡƹʵᰣ
пƣеķŭԹǺԡ
һü˼¡
׶ЩȷпֻɱΡġ
໢ȥ
໢ֱӽΡ˵ǳϻŸɺԵѪ
üͷһȥһɾģ
ⷴǵġ໢һ٣ЦһʵҲҪȥ
ҴһȥĮǡ
Ŷȥ
໢һոµ㿴飬Ρȥ˵겻귴ӦͿ󣬡Ҳ
¹ȥȡЩ
ȥɡ
û߼ֽס¹¹ٵˣֲڹҲʲôʽϣѧ㸸ظ
һЦ⣬ǵģ¡
ȥȡʱ䣬˸νȥһѵطΡ̽ϴ
˵ĵµʵҲ˳ɱϾϵ˻δãֱۡ
ɱ˵㣬໢ȫûȥһѵ˼
ֻǽȥҲ֮ų복ᣬ໢һԾڳǰһ˦ȥ
ų̼죬߱ϦȾʱԶԶĮǳǽ
ȥģ
ۿ飬Уһ˫ڵԽ
·˻룬Ȼ˵ǻǣĸо䣬Ҫ˵Ļǳᣬ׷顣
Ư۾ȴη壬ҧͷ
ʲôʰ
Įиլӡ
Լģһ͵ġֻǸˣƫԶ֮ؽһݻլۡ͸
㴹۽ޣЦһ
̧ͷΪһЦְͷԵøͣձֲһ˿ֱͷ໢
ˣ
鿴һƳٺ˿
ͻһžϲĺûŵֻǰʮü໢լôˣ
ˣ໢ЦЩԱ⣬ôͶӵˡ
ȷʵֻЩ⡣
ǰʮһⶼǷòӣ˵ǰֻ͡
ڡ
㿴ǲӻ˳һ㣬˹ȻǽԱȵġ
ɱⷭǳһЩЦ
Щ˸߲ҵɷɫ˫Ȳȥ֪óһ
һģӵŮƵģֱ˳
껹δ٣ͻȻͻָƽů¡
ŮĴһȸԾĻȺ󴹵࣬Ļ¡
Цʣô⣿
ŮϦǴСһֱŮڱӦĳСЦţȴЩңһģ̽ſڣÿγʱҶȥլԺȵ£ֻһֱûȵ
ɫδ䣬һַξȻȵˣӦΪǸү
ƹӡ
Ϊʲô²ϲ𣿲ϲΪʲô
Ϧĵ½˻ȥܿͲסįڣƹΪʲôܿ𣿡
һʵ̾˿
ѾͷҲһֻÿȥҲ죬Ȼ
ô죬Լߵġ
˰֣뿴Լȥ
Ϊʲôôû
ͷվڳǰ޴ľ
δȬϳãҪһʡµ³Щˤү
໢
໢Ӧһͷֹһûء
㱧຺ܶ˰ɣһҲû
໢쿴ϦһۣƢ𱬵ȴûʵСҲǲ𡭡
໢ΡߣϦಽظԱ
үÿ͵µĺӦûᳬɰġɿô˵һͻᵹȥҲ˵
ɫͻȻ죬쵽ѪŵؿੲݵϦ


 6 

˵ʲôһԳҲŵƹȷʵΪЩ
ǵǲкˣ
ϦҲ̫ģӦҲз¡
Ƕٰ

㱵УҺүڻţȻүӣЩƴŲҲҪͬ˴һܡԣ
͵ػ񣬼߳˼Զ˿
Ӧáûɡ
ǰƿüˣ
һԹܼ΢л֣̿⡭Щʱû˵δãūҵ⣬ȽϺõӶռˡ
ڳɫһ̨ܾϻ֬ˮۣƺǸķ䣿ûйŨ֬ص˵ͷû£ݡ
ס
ͷͼ໢˻ԶԶ׺ں棬ߵøţƵģԴһֹ֪ʲôϦһ˷ܡ
Цһ˵ʲôôġ
Ϧͷ˵ƹأ
໢¶ֵ֮ǰסϦ죬ֱŮݺһҧʹſ
Ϧ۾ɵùԲ¶ʮͷˣƹҲˣʱ˽Ů֮ˣ
໢ҧҪ˽Ҳ̣
㵵¾Ȼ˽Ů֮£Ҽǵùڻӹһר˽̵
Ϧһ̯֣³ǰͽߵȫˣֻ֮н̱佫Ĺ٣Ȼĸ֣ѵ½̳һգ
໢ղͦõͻһȵֻнһأ
øƨϦɫŮ֮ȴֽռ˶֪
໢ɽֲ˵˭ռˣ
ԭվˣߵߡ
üôͻȻˣ
ݳ
δΪŮӣսɱӢҫ۵ĵ£Ů֮ϾȻֽͬ
̫ҽ
Ц¼ȻҲԳ¹٣֪ɷ֣
ʲôţ
ص󡣡
󡭡Ҽסˡ˵㿴ߵǰˣΪʲôҲˣһҪεģȻҲϦӮ
˲뷿У໢Ρŵϣǰϸ٣üɽл⣬ɻԲӦΪԶֻǲ֪˶ΪΣҲ̫ҩ
ûнҩл֢״ҩ
ü㲻˵֪Ǻζ𣿡
ȷʵ֪æ͵Ǹүֻҩ

Ҽء
һȥҩ
ӦǺһͬˣܼкѾ߷Ȳ貢ĺҲˡ
豭ЦбĿбվıֱϦװɶء
Ϧ˫һһֻǾСѾߣɲǶԵ𲻾֮ġ
ЦһģһٰӸϳǡ
ҲԺ໢һҪһϦ˵ЩµĻȴЦҧһ̶⡣
ʳָᶯ

ûãڳͬ£ÿѾҩĴţȻץȫҩ㷲̤˻س̵·
ûΪ´ʵ¾ˣֻϣǰȴĲһ·
̤Ƿʱ
һǷԭˣԪһԵۣò毺ãڻһһ⣬һ仰ݡøƵġ
˿̼ؿһӣӲûլӲÿȥǰĲͷ
һӿЦòлᣬ˭뿴һء
òԻʼҹ˵ĳ޴ˮ֣һŮպһѬʿһַ紵ɹģжÿ
һ˵һ߽ŲͣߵǰҪԶܼҵľԪӣȥ
ȥԪɻһ䣬ܿҧŭǼ𣡡
,һ̧㿴ŹµӣŸĹܼңһվţģƺӡ
ǲӵ۾ЦҲ꣬Ư࡭
¶ȵ
Ѫսɳ֮˵ƣǰЩܳܵסġԪڵ¶ˡ
ܼ¡
żĹֶܼ˻
ʱûüԼλţЩԱֶҸ絨С˵ξԺҲ񡭡𣿡
Ϧ͵һڻŲˮĵĩ
㷴Ӧɿһţⱻｦ
˵ʲôֵĻ
͸µ׵İˡԣ˺ڣأ
໢ٴסϦ죬ôҧҲֻŤ֡
ףʲô⣿
Ϧȫ໢֣Ѱһ϶г裡
г裿ͬʱǵɻﻹ塣
໢øЦŵè𣬾͡˼
üûȤȫ
Ϧݺݸ໢°һȭµ𰡵£ƹӿ˺ӵӣҪ˳۵ģҲˣмģ˵Щġ
Ϧ۾Ƶıܿ໢һȭ˳˵¶˷ܡȴĵһãȻٺÿҲӣȻ˺ӡ
Ϧץ񣬡ҵ˼ƹУ
˭˵үУ
һӵ߶۵ͻȻϣûע⵽һµʳָ
鱧ŴǺүеġ
СꡭǰɡϦƲ˵ıôû
ˣˡҶЩⲻȤȥԺĹԱѾóĸϳȥ
¡Ժסô˰ʲôвóģ
ˡ֧Ϧ˴һӳȥݴ˴ܼҡ˱ˡ
ܼһ£ϦߵԼǰæ£ôūūڴ˵ˣǡ
û˵Ļ˺Уܼ׹ѡ
Щ͹⣬լˣȫеԺȥҲϵԺһӴˣһŪ
Ļùܼҿ˵ĴţȴԸ̤룬ҧϦȴһסĿѵؾȸ֣
Ϧܼߣ㿴顣
չΡһնʮ໢̡
˴򣿣
¶ϲÿȥ˲佩סвްհʱ⣬ֻӿ
Ѿͬ໢һῴ񣬸㻰к塣
նʮչүĻˡ


 7 

ȥҩûҩȻι
ү
ΡüϥϥǣĴָָŻʹ۽ǣɫѿ˯ŵʱʲôֵĻ
ɫһʲô
˵ҲУȻ󡭡һԺµг裿
ʲôΰôܡ鱧ŴָɴʽʵԽԽƮƮǲҺΡӣʵԲģ
ΡһۣĵҲƭ𡣡
ôᣡ͵˵Ρǰֻǡһݵı顣
һᱻʮǲأ
Ρϸϸ꣬˴۽һۡüͷô£
ү
ҵľ̺ҵ۵һ˳˵龭Ҳͷп־塣
ΡĿɿڴӪʣŵͼ´ʣôҵǵģ
˧ӪӦġ
ɵСӣ㲻ȥҾҽ˱ӪҲа
ûҵЩ˶ҡ
Ρͷ۷
¸ϻԲ˲ûУֻЩ˵ĶΪȺ˰ƹá⺢ӿ浽ɵʵ໤Щ޼ɵƹָʲôʱͱѰСڡ
ΡйƵĽСԲ⣬Ҳŭ⣬㲻Ҫܣ
ֻǹΡǲһ£궨ίͰ͵˵һɡһֻҭŵү˵Ӿ֮ͷԼʿˣôܲҡ
Ӵ˰ΡһͷǸˣߡ
ʵؿ´ɻȥȥģ
ȥ㡣
ҹɫ
ǸҪȥպÿûгޡ
뵽໢ϦĽ̸򴽣΢ڣӦòᡭ
ԼүѾƿţæ´ȥɻظүſվ
ķ䡭ģ
ҲɵˣãҡҡͷҩʱǱ˴Ųҵ·ģլӺܴ
ƹҪȥģ
ΡͻȻڳŮһɻشǰŮ
ܾеϤ
ǣ
ǵµŮƹӽϦáϦ˵Ŵ˴֣գգЦƹȥҵ𣿵Ӧ׼Ŷ
ΡֹŸô˵ŮȸԾҸӦôȥˣ

ΡһµϦߣֱϦһƽһ䣬һͷˮ
ϦźϣЦеصɵ۵ǰ
ִ֡ˡ
ϦЦȻ¶ҺܺãֻǸŮͱСϦɡ
Ϧ㡭ǡķ䣿
ǰԡ
Ǵ͵۾ɴ󣬾ֺϦ㣡Ầүģ
ѽǵģ²ôбϦһ˵һ߽צԶ
Ρ˵Ľ̸ζӰʿˮСĵŲָŷ졣
ܡü
ϦҲͷô⣿
ֻһɫŮӴ߳ʪɢĳҲûüۣȻڻ谵£ƽ˼ֹƻĵΡҲһʧ񣬴Ŷᡣ
ˡ
ΡɫһṴΪ²ͷɡ
ⲡӣӦСġ
üá
һ°ϺľΣ£Ҫϵķβ
Ρûź˵ľ飬ֻŵĺڷ˳ʶͷӷҿʼһë£ȥˮ飬Ȼڲʱľɫһ¶Ҳͣס
ɻͷٴοʺС룬ĥĥȥչ黹û뽫飬ָһ࣬ȻǷ͡˵ֱۡ
춯ûһȥͷϴͬʱҲָܵı
üһ㣬ϦһСﶼС
ΡüͷһŭЦҧź£𣿡
šˣΪһӡ
ͷֳֶȫϺ÷ͺѹ˰ʱ
˸Ƿһ£ͷϣ΢ۿվκӣΪСģһٶӹôң
Ρκ߳ⲽǰЦҳ˵أ֪ϲãΣʲôҶ
ֻǰƽ΢βЦ˼֣нΣûءһֻꡣ
ɫһҿˣҿԸᡣ
ȻһԺгŮˣΡк޺ĥЦδд񣬵ޣ㡭
ͷʲôϵͷһСϦ֪ȥˣҲͦģ
ΡСһ£ͷ˼ҳ̧ͷɻ
ҲǹСϲЩ鰮ֻ
԰ȻҲԽƹġ
ҾⱾ
Ρ˴ҹĻڼ仹ζǴ򶷷ʽĳЦΡԼļ⡭
»˯𣿡
⡣
ϻΡ̧ͷŮѵһ̬͸ŷʱɱ˯ʨ
Ǳ㲻ŵ°ˡ
ߵǰΡͻȻŮǰϡ
Ρûлͷڰɫڳ£Ҳ̸ֽˡ
ʧȥһյĸоΡ
Ȼǡ
ϣܸҸᡣ
ŭ
պϣڣս˾ͷڴߵĳޡ
Ȼŭ
ڵȵԼү˯߽ڿ˿µɫʱ˯⵱ܵһɶ
ү
ôһı顣
ϤĲЦݣλԴɵЦûʲô
ոաĴɡ
ûүͬ˵ʲôҲûʽзɿڣֻĬĬү󣬴Ũصҹɫص˷䡣
Ϩ𡭡
ڶһ磬鱻ŵѣҡҡλεǰȥš
Ϧ㡭
ŮЦƱǻſȴС꣬Ҵȥ䳡췣Ŷ
鴽һ򣬽ŵػͷۣүûѣ˿ŵ˳ȥƵţֶϦϦ㣬߰ɡ
Ϧգգۣ˵үһȥ
˲ֽСүʲô
ӦԸҸˡ
͵Ťͷ㿴ſЦΡ
᣿ʲô᣿
˵һȻᡭϦһתձ糱ˮˣһ۾ŹؿΡ˷ܵƹ˼ûгɹϵµĴ
˼ƣ


 8 

ΡүΪȻΪСʧס
ΡüͷݺһֱӸһֻǸѣûһ˵ʲôס
Ϧָڵ°ͣΡ˼ƹӳÿôһ˳ȷʵܱȹһΣŶ
뵽ƹƻŮӣͨɷµصͷ͡
Ρֵ̯ܿϧǵ¶ƺûʲô˼
ȷʵܿϧϦص̾˿ɥǰ·

լص͸ģȻͶã˸ѷɫھӪļ䳡
һʺ쾢װ̨ϡ
һ֧ҶѸƿкԭеļںһ͸С
𻶺໢վعƣɫͻȻһˡ
ӦһĿбһ֧ϳſգӹĵС
¡
¹̨Ρ𴽽ǵʮʮаģֻҪбܵһߴ䣬һа֮һʹ
ǸΪѵ£ȷʵǼΪΡ¡
֮⣬ҪʮкҲ£ڡ
ںµսΡͷ㣬գգ˵Ļ𣿡
⣿üֱӴ򡣡
սȭȻɿΡЦȻ⡣
ѹ
ΡͷһЦõʮʯ
໢мЦһ㵹ɫ䡣
֪ԼʵΪǿ˲Ǵ
Լѡһѡ
ˣ߰ڵٰѹУ͵Ҳһʯֻһѡ
໢ֹѡˣСῴҲŶС߶˵˵ſ㣬һµֿ
Ϧɿܵǰ׼٣ݵģ
ָһ΢͹С룬ûٰҾһ˵ɿһŤͷ裬㻹ȥ׼̡
໢ɫһ޲Լһơ
죡ɼǳˣ
ڨЦһ£߳ʿнӹ
ͬʱ
һѰС
໢Цһ
Ʒݺݴ¡ֻһ̲סزҽгȫﱻʪ͸ƨϵϸ΢΢Ѫɫ
ڶ֧Ρͫһ
ȸеľҪʮ
£Ƿ˰ɣлʮ
ɤ΢ƣƹеöֻоŭصòôء
㲻ŭЦãʣ˵Ļȴֻ̡
ģֻҪʮͻš
֮⣬ڶʮһµʱ򣬾ڡ
Ρҧ
񽫾㣬Ůȷʵ˵һѸ鶨̣õֲòץסĻᡭ
Ρ̧ڶ
ѰС
ڶ
ѰС
ļѰС

ʮѰС
ΡϢŴֱֽۣ۵ָѱյһƬѪģڵ°
໢ÿһ͵һһڻšֻΪһط֮ͻһ¡
ȥһѰУܻ°Ҳϵ
ΡͷȫǺȥüһľˤڵء
ȥϦһۣȴû붯˼
ֻҪûгϣΡƹүٺÿԺЩҲû̫
ΡùżվֻһƬ磬۽һʹʱҪιȥ߶ƣʹ죬߿Ц
¹Ӧܸѵ˵ǽţѪĸо
ִһٳʱͻȻһѡܹһֻҪһĹһʹ
ʿһƬȻȽΪʴȡɿΡҡҡ׹ģˣ໢еľһܲס
ΡȴЦ˳ã
У
ʱɱΡĴŵүܲסӦͷ֮ˡҷԸܷ
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Ѿҡҡ׹ץŹҵϲѪ䡣̬Сܿƴȫ˼ΪԼꡣ
ڶĵĹδõ˵һδ
ЦһΡ
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ΡһҪ飬ҲһҪԼ
ֻһһ

ΡЦޣǰηڡ
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ΡͻȻ˻סԼץֻ֡¶ȣĿɳƹ̣Ρ˲ͻָѡ
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Ρʶ֣ƿأһ룬Ҷ
գ۵Ĺİģβᵯ
ΡЦʮһʹԺܺС鷳
ƹŮӽģƯѹͺŴԣͬͳЦŶ𡭡
Ρ¶ֱŮӻת̧סĲ˼ŮϣɹֹסߵĽŲ
ձƹߣΪŮӷƹҲڴӡΡԸָֻǴ˿ʵվסŮӵҲ»䡣
ʶץסӵһ
־Ϳס
̫ˣ׼ɱ顭ȴҪҡ
ƵǻŶ𣬴΢ֱԺ
飬ս֣ΰЦŵˣԺ󡭡
ͻȻһ˴źˮıգü
ԵӳŮӻС
̨Ϧ˷ܼУһͻȻĮĵºؽƿ
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˽ǣСˡ
ϦƵģЦӦǣԶݺݴ໢ֱһȭ
ˡ
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Ͱᣡ
໢ϦͻȻĻһͷˮŮ鼫õģ˵²Ӧȴų̂ϵΡһֻۣ׵ͬԹȥߣһա
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ϦȥƹǰִֽŵıŪϼˡ
ġ
໢ѵСģϦҲټֻ֣һ߻δɢȥʿͻȻңң䳡һˣ߾ֺν⣡
νþ˺˴ϦĮɫЩů⣬߽˲£Ϊʲôš
໢Цһľȥ԰
Ϧǰһ˷ֹŶε¾ȻСꡭϣ
ʲôϣ
ûʲôٲҪˡ


 9 

Įլ䳡̨ϣһһŮڼҽ档
ĸŮ˱˼Ȧȴδȭȭչֳѷɫ״󺺵ƾУʵ򡪡
һһƣһŽߵ̨£һôǰĳ
ñ
໢ͷſ̨ĿⰧԹʲôʱͻƵһˣ
дЩ⣬ƹս󡣡
̫ˡ໢ֱһɣֵˣǰʹ򲻹ֻܱᡣ
߹ȥһţ˭˵һҪ׷ң
໢߾ǲ𣬹һ˽űߡ
νԼж಻ˣ
໢һͦվҧŭҴ򲻹϶°ܽ
Ŀ⽻棬ۿҪһͻȻŮ
Ȳ裬ţ⸬Ŷ~
˸ϱгƵģʱʱҪüķʽһլֹǵˣһȻǵĽһϦ
ϦˣǿһȥȲˣٴҲû˼
߰˵ĴСƵĻһŤͷɿȥһϢ
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Ҳżûôٹƹ

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¡
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ϰķӦ㼰ʱĿһֳ˶ߡδĳɢ£ɢɢϵĺڷ֯
ĿԣŮӱ䣬ӴЦ
ĴĶھ飬ȻŴϵˣ˵ˣҶһ¡޴š
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ΡԼĺᣬºϲ𣿡
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㡣
ȷʵоɱǿԼѹΡϸϸŽߵŮասɳ֮ˣȴףĲ԰ףӨʯһ㣬覴á

ŮҲһ룬ɫͬѪᡭ
ָܱⴥԼ£񳹵׳£ץסϸ

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Ϊð亹ӽӻѾʵȻ뿪
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ΡЦеǴ󽫾һ𡣡
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̾˿ⲡһ𣬸ñ
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ϦӽɿԶ
ΡߵǰЦʵҵһҲ롭
ߵĶ𣿡
ΡЦһ̫컹ǿԵġ
ҲԸȡһ٣ͷۡ
ֻֽͬͬϸһ˷ֲֻŮӵ֡ϸŷֱĳӵֻݵǽڷ׵͸ɼƤɫ
ŮӵĴûǿƵ̬ţָʶŮůĻ
¾߲ˡ
Ưβ𣬱ʯĺвСС⡣
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߲죿
Ρһ㶣ʧЦߵÿ죬ҵ͹ˡ
еƶԵƤӵĳڶУҲʶԼոյľٶЩɣɫһ˦˵֡
ʷϦ복һ°һ
ڳµΡ׷Ŀɰ
ɰʲôµƵģŵɫɷף²Ŷ԰ɡ
ΡЦһգ㻹С
˵ϦĲϽ̤ÿ복ᡣ
鿴үӰʧһ˿
ˣ
ųڴᡣ
ڲүû밡


 10 

нĳڣĿӵĻҲδ۾΢û
ϥϵͻȻܵһüȴδŭҲδֱ֣ۡ
ΡôߵЩⲻ֪Ⱦ˶Ѫϸϸ
ֻţȴֱֻƵϽۣڶǻ򱡵ļ롣ϰ֮˵˷ǳܼ
ѧ֮ϣŮӲֹ츳׿쳣ڷܡ
ҲѧǰǰҲ㡣
һȸ𣿡
š
õǱ𣿡
š
ϧǲԸ˵
š
ΡͻȻ𴽽ǣƴâϲ𣿡

㳹ۣӵϲ̫ˡ
ңҵǻܻʮꡣ
Һʱˡ
²ǵˣ
˵飬ҲɱǷ⿪
ǵģҸлл£Ǽ͸ˣҴ˴β㶾ء
ͻȻսӰŨܽëɨϣˮԹ껯ˣùƻġüۣĻ
µǱĸ
˳Ѿ֪٣Ȼòĳޡ
Ҳĸǿұȵ鳤꣬δжʱ͵²͡ͻһ£붼롣
Ѳµȥգû塣Ρָ֣ḧеļ룬Ľἵʣ˫֣ѹֵһȡ
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ƫͷĬÿ᣿ֵ
һŵĻӦޣΡɻ̧ͷֻĺףƮŵĿ糺졣ͷƺһ鱻һ£붼û뿪ڣǺˣ
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һ߰˻УȻͣµͻΡ
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ڣûȵΡһǰ㣬㴽ǣɫͻȻ졣ò꾫һȻṴŮֻվδͬŮ׽οŮӡ
Ρȥ㷢ŭȴûƵɫ糣Ǹոշƽ
ɫȻȥ԰дЩɫ
ֵؿһۣܲˣ㻹ǴڸΪá
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ֻʱ϶ԲϣʱδʾȻ
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¡
ͷȥü顭
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˭⽫̤²ԶΡʱҲ֪Ϧʲô¶
㲻͵ⶼ
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ѪɫʧĴЦȴԵǿԺӦ֪Աֵ޺ʧȥģ˷¶ԼʺֻʳѪıԡ
ȷʵܴ棬ѿЩӡ
㹴Ц꾫
꾫Ρ㵡
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һڳתֻһ仰˱ϡ
ŮӲƽĲӣΡЦŨǰ

Զ֣ϾĮָƹĶһģ˼ԼǲˣҲŽ뵽
ƹֱͦһ΢Ц
̧ۼ롪
ŮѾߴ磬κζĮеƷ˼ҵѾߣӦҲǿЩġ
Ż˸µĻǰӴȴֻſվţаڵĶܣٴηʡԼǰǲʲô
ͻȻƹͬ΢ЦȥǺŮӵһ˲ɫһ
ûۼû䴫ԡ
һ£ò
ֻӦ޷ȷϣֻŮüĿ絶ŭƷսɳλ֮С뵽ǾӪʵĮⲻԶ
ƹսսӭȥ˻ƣѾߴŮԺŮӻ¡
ȷʵǳ
ƹ˫һֱ¡
ھƹҲݲȵؽӴɫˣֻǳһ
Ȼʼݱʱʮͷ֮һޡ


 11 

ΡŶͷһðƹаֹ㣬Ҳ¡ֻ⼸ӦҲ˿־塭
񡣡˵㿴Ϧһۡ
ŮЦĿڵС㡣
ƹ˲亹վһ˼ƽյĴݡ
֪СЩʲô
¯
֪СҪƹ˵һס
Ů¯вŮɫҲǻ񣬵ӦǲϲЩ

ƹ¶ϲɫС
¥ڽӴ͵ż䣬̴ľΣͭ¯ķƮĻƷ踽µĵġ
ʼعõĲ裬һƽһ衣
Ρ豭ᣬһǰһɻڿˮƵ֮Ȼ
ЩͻȻĮǡ

Ρ֧ЦҲ뿴ʵƲۡ
һϦ˷ܵţɫ޶ݣֻӹȥ
Ҫ˵Ʋۣǰ˲ǣЦʱβСƵġ
תһüźۼƿۡ
ƹһĻƣһһ¯һľϣգ۰Ŀ
ʵⲻǵȫ¯Ůʽһ
ƹҲûѵҪһʵ뷨ֻģõǰ
С㣬⡭
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Ρ㵺һЦ¾ĸã
̧һָϦһ¯ǰ
¯Ϊͭƣɫ״仯ֻ¯ϻײĴǰ¯ϿżֻС꣬ͷϵĻһֻɫУֻɫС꺩̬䡣
¯Ůãû˼
ֻǡ
¯ڵΡǰüЦ񡣡
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ã
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ֱ겻ţųꡣ
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С㻹Ҫʲô𣿡
١
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С̽˴ţȻһͷӱµüۣ㱼˼ƮԶ
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Ϊĸ󴩰ѺƯ
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֪ΪҲˣɱѪ£ϲŭ޳


 12 

ƹһŵֲĳɤۣͷƶ˼ư׷һʱҲ˸ϳɵɵؿ䱳ӰʧعɴߵΡߵƹ׵үɡ
ƹ񿴵ó
˭µó˲֪ϲ£°
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⡭ƹ㵵Ůѣ
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ƹŭӣҿǿźѡ
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Ρ㷿š

ΡŶ롣
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ΡĲ棬
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㽫оһտվƱָ¹񣬵˵ǡ
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ֻ
顪
ͻȻ춯Ρ˶ʱס仺תڵǲʡµ̵ɴۡ
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ߵűһơ
Ρ

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Ρüͷݺһ
˭
ûлӦ
Ϧ𣿡
ȻŮͷƺſǻ
Ϊ²źȾƵģҪչ˺õ¡
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ɡ£ΡŲԶȥֺ˼ȴͽֻ͡ڹؽϿڣԵá޴롣
ϦԸν£
ǻòͷˡ


 13 


ͻףűĴ꣬˱Ͳȶȣ뼡ֱǡ
Ρɫҧ¡
ϥǴĴʹڹͷͷôҲ޷⡣
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չҵ¡˯ͦʲôչ˵ġ
ţƵģΡŲߡϸϸţͻȻ¶һЦְ롣
ǲڡ
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ͻȻĶΡһΪԼֵöˡȴסԼֲֻûĵȴʵů⡣
Ůӵ۾ɱţŨܵĽëͶһƬӰûһ˿ոյĶֱıܡ
˵£һ㡣
ΡϦĻҲʶ⻰˵ľ١
Ρһָֻ֣ü۴Ц㼴òʡҲΣհ
ȴԸԶΣգʢţѪĻ
Ҳбȴƻĵĺɫ
ΡЦһɰͰ͵ˡ
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ȻëȻ˹ǰ
ΡֻһƬհף㶵ؿŮӽ⿪£»䡣ǵɫ£Ȼ󡪡
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׼ĿȻôҲϰߡ
ӵϵֱ˲ʣȻŮϴůһܿƵи˯Ҳ֮ӿϡ

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ղδ꣬Ҳֻ֮дһסյĺˮ䵽̹ǣ侲
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㡭
ͻȻͷһأеỬĴУԼǰӶԼȫһ˫ʶս
Ҳǵ˵ʲôˣ
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Ρƺûֻŵ˵ϲҵ᲻ɱҡ˶٣۴ЦԽģβ˷ֹƻĵ⣬һԾŶɲҪŶ~
·ãȥ
ΡνһüԴ·߳ݣǰһ仰»Ƿˡ
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ȻǰѴ˰ɡ
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У
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ŶͷĻΡ𴽽ǣ˭˵ҲУ
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ȲҵµֵҲŸʶûãôܡ
ôܣϦһɻ󣬡ɻ֮ǰŮ˫ܼ棬ȻһɻͶ𣿡
Ρһ㶡
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˭Զ
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ȻΡЦ˵Ҳֵ֣ĺɫȴôҿء
ۿЦһ
£
໢סνƹˣȫƿصġ
ν򴽴
໢ļЦ¶ҵģǲǱ˰
νѵûŭֻ໢õ±ˣ
˵ǰǲˣЦ˵໢ͻȻɫѵҲӰ죿Ҷ֪ʵǲб֮ˣһԲɱЩ˱˲֪㻹֪𣿡
Ǹ
Ӵѵð˵һ໣໢ŭνӰȽţŮ𣡡
Ů˲ܲȽţǿ˻ǿŮˣ
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νһݡ
лҪ˵ߣΡƤӡǰ
  㣺ԣĲӡ
  Ρȷʵˣ¹ӡǵֻеء
  ߣŶ~˵ɫ~ŮϹʱûȫӡǣ
  㣺
  ߣױȫ
  &Ρ
  ջ񵽺쵽ð̵Ů쵽ð̵Ů

 14 

Ρ̤鷿һ۾Ϳµӡ٬һ۵ķ⣬΢Ц۾ߣƲϺÿ˳ࡣ
Ҳȫûл֮̿ɫֻʩȻԼһۣԴȡ
·ǣ˻֮ӡ˿ȷʵ죬ֻΪܳг裬˵ƹүģү
µˣ·Ҳδվٶ᳤ǸѾðƹġ
ΪͻȻֵ꿪Įǡ
ʻ·̻
δ֪
֪ʱ󡣡
·һ㶣Цһĵʲô¶£²δ٣һֱ˶֪һֱ󱳺˴ε֪
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˵
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ɡ
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ˣ㲻뿴С³𣡣
໢ɵЦһ롣
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ΡϦı󳹵ʻ˿С
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֪ΪΣϣ㿴
ûõģ·ᷭ
ϦҿԸƤ
νɨһҲϡ
Ϧҿŵһ𿴣
νһ
Ϧҿ
໢Цһͼô
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һΡ͵ص
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ֱûаΣȻ˳΢Цҽߡ
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ҽ͸
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νɫ׺£Ȼδü˵ͱϦ˻ȥ
Щҹӣ㲻޸縡ƼƹӸʺϵ𣿡
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ϦȫûΡһԶŵһ棬ȷʵʵһ棬ϵ𾴣ҲʵںƼ
Ů΢ЦͰƹˡ


 15 

ҹɫ¹õټլ̫ۡˣסִ֮һ̫յҲ̫徻
Ρů¯վԺͤ¿ŲԶݡ
ʵϲ徻ֻصþ
үҪ鰡
Ρһۣ㲻˵Ҷˡ
ûΡ˼ĵȻˣǻȥɣ
ΡЦԴȴ᲻ýִů¯ƿֻò᲻صһš
ѾӦϦѾͷܱȵеĵλԺܺù
׼
ֲû
䲻䣬һ£˺ܾòŴ³һ֡

㲻֪Ρɵؿȥܿס
ʱȥˡ֪𣿡
ΡЦü䣬ŽĹ⣬˳ɾĺꡣֻڸɵĲȻģǻһֻСꡣ
ʱ
ǰү¶飬֮ᱻһҲѧˣһһҪԶԶģ
ǡ
ʵѾܾûүģˣЩ˵үɣ
Сڶһˣ֪ˣ
룡
Ļûйġ
ΡһʵҲûʲôҸճǻᣬõȥҾŵһ𿴣㱻ĸһ١
šү
԰
үʲôӦ
ʲôӦǸ¡ҪбķӦҾӲĸǶٴˡ
ľȻ
ܾү˵ЩֵĶ
֪ҵ£ǲǵð£
ѹԸǡ
ΡЦдгһŵС

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е
飬Ȼ߸ȥϵĺξϲһҸӽԼȥģ
ΡûһͿȥֱӳ飬
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㡭֪ôŮӻаɡ
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ǡ
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˵ȻΡ̾˿ѭ򽥽ʲôҡ
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㲢ϲɵ⣬Ϊǲܴڣһ֣ҪӾ衣źãŶԡΡȷʵȫ档
ֻᣬˡֻƯĺꡣ

üһõصЦط
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СѾͷƬԽԽˡ
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š
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ν໢
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޸֮ȷʵ첻ʲôв
ŵؿԼү潫һݣźϣſǻû뿪һҧſ򡣻δʲôͻȻһģŵòгֻոſͱ
˳ƿȥɫϦ⵹ֻŮվ˸ӡ
໢Ҳ⣬һ
δˡʲô
ǽǡ
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һ˲Ҳ֪ĵӣ챧ԹҼүԽʲôҲǷ޼£δʲô¡
Ϧֵһ飬аС꣬ϵ
Ϧпգˡ
ϦɫһЦŶںæأҾ͹£˰
⶯ôùеһȸ֣μǽǼƻֱ̥С


 16 

˯ǰ£ʱϰߡÿ䣬ʻĸ󶼻ὲŸȤĹ°ߡڻʼңţĸ֮ȴƽջҪǡ
˺ֻܶ࣬һ㣬ҲԸ䡣
ǰ˺һᣬüˡ
Ҵһ¾û
һüôҴȥˣ
Ρգգۣ·ģ֮ǰԡˣҲµġ
⡭
·̫䡣
ҿ˶˸
ڵĻ𣿡ΡЦһģֻͬһǲỳеġ
ڶ˳Цɫ̳£һϴֻ۶δ¡Ρ֮ʵƲѵһľ
߬õ飬Ρ΢ЦϦУ̵һЩʶ
ʲôʶ
Ů֮䵽βŻỳС

ûй̵ֽҲкܶ˽µĻᡣֻȥǹϰ޷֮Щ˵ִΪѧı޷ɱ˵ı޷
Լһֱӱܡ
ĺĶһͬѧӡ˵ȷʵѧϰЩֲԺתɻ档Ρ˵Ȿˣåˣһ㣬Ǿͱˣåˡ
ЩֵĽѧδ̫ãϾܽһ鶼ֻ꣬һ¶ѡΡһµͬʱͻһǿ⡣
֮Ѹҵƿ׼´Ρϥʩһ˲ɫ΢䣬ĬĬŲ˴ϡ
üһҪȥ
ΡЦſ㣬£Ƿޡ
δϡ
Ѿͬһˡ
ҺȻֹϱĴУ䳺ĺüͷһǲõֻײƯ֮һ˲㱡
ഺˮ̵⣬кΣ޷ҲԿֺܵáͬʱƹеĲǻߵ߽
£ۡ
㼸ǻŵرۣ˵ʲôͬĴУأֻٴײǲ˵С
Ц⣬βǡ
£Ҳʲôġ
Ҳ
Ϊһȸֵĵȷʵ赣ġΪ¸£
͵ذ˴Լֱ֣֮˴Ӱգ۴ӷʧֻһŵľ
ΡУһƳıӰôĶӡ
ոźȻûһ죬ڡ
ΡסͷƮƬǳ죬૵ָд
ǡֿɰ
һߣûɡһ·˵ҡⲢʱѶĹܾȫլӼȻ͸ģȻǿ
˿ͷĲֹץס̿͵İϦ̾ߵҲϦƽɰĹﲻֹǶȸ֣µİ졣
ʱһݣ絶ڣȴԼҵ£һʪ͸ǱԼҵ¡Ŀеľ˲ɢȡ֮𾪣۵С΢ʲôͱϡ
ʳʲôˣ
ϦϵĺܣֻòϵжϣӦöˡ
Цһˡ
¾𣿡
˶ˣ߾߶ҵˡ˭ܽ˷ŽǧĮǡ
ԵµβǼٵģҲ֪Ĵ̿ǲ˵һëġ
˿ɫͷĴҲ䵽ǡ
Ҵδ㶮ʲô
˵㰴࣬е޼Ѹ֮ϮѾԹȥĴ̿͡
춯صĲҽн
ĬĬվһԵһλʶн˫ȡ
ϦѪģգգۣͷ㣬¶һЦ⡣
£ƹأ
ҷ
Ŷ~ﰡ~
ȥͻȥ
ϦС鲻ԸӦǡ
ͷһȦŻطΡѱϦߡԡڴϣͷһ֮ۿɼٶ졣
ã谵ͻȻһԭŻỳа

һҹĴڳʱȻֹ峿ɢȥ֮Ƭձֳˮϴ峺տ
㲻Щҹ㣬ͬĹԼһͻ£ҲЩӵܣ򶺹ͬĥʱ⡣ÿն峿֮󣬵鷿ȹһʱ䡣
峿䣬ҲֻʱһЩ
ھӪϰ뽫ʿͬͬסĮƫԶСأȻҲˣ컹֮͡
ɨͶ֮ѯʿϦ
ϦЦһѧ˼ƹˣƹԡ
Ȼ
ϦѾͷƽȤϰҲߴ٣ԵЩԸܽǷȤŵϰ˵ܸ
ҧһڰſýǰĴŨ֭ⱬһü
ѾͷֽˡҲͦá
ţȴһӵӲˣΪһӴӵʳ¢С⡣ֻɫͷͻأǸ˭׼ĲԶȻȴ͵͵һһ޵ĳ⣬·ػ
Ρջտյ֣ɥƲ졣
Թȫ̵¿ʳһЦ
ΡһҧɹȥӿڴͿһּ͵Ŀ۽ǺͱǼⶼ˺죬ˮԵ쳣
üˣҲ̫
ΡӹʪֺЦǵ̫飬ҹĻҸϳ䡣
µһ˲˷
ɫһ䣬ҲȾϷ纮ˣƽѵ
˹ˣ
ټҪˣ
ֻν໢仰ûʲôӦ㽫˵ԼҲѵ
Щһνһŵ䵭໢ΡĻ
ȵؿΡﻹһ˵Ļȴŵ٩ζ
С㣬ȻеȥĴʲôûοҼŮģˡ
𣬻ңνǺؿһŵؿ໢
һ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿣
໢Ȼ֪ģе֪һȵɱ絶ߣֽŽӲ̵վͬʱһתӱǲ࣬һͷһۡ
ҳԺˣ
˵ƵɱǰһõĴ
ĿӰʧν໢һ׼֡
νӦǡ
ｫúýѵǿļһ
űǺĿѾʧ纮Ŀȴʱʱأ޼ϵ
вһϦǸ
ϦƬ̲ԼҵҪʲôɨһͷˮΡһۺ¶һĵЦã


 17 

ϦֻƵĴڳţûһƵ˻ݸһˮ
ӹεӣˮбػƵ΢ҺգӣƵΡǰˡ
ʲô
ҩ
ܾ͵̧ͷþȫҲûӽϿһ˿Ц˼ͨһڵء
ͷԸΪү
С꣬㳤ҲӲʹӰ
ã̧ͷ
Ροһۣ㻻һЦ⣬ҪɱҶָУöô鷳ӦƷ纮ҩ
ǰϦͻȻʲôƵһٸĿڵҩ»δ˺ȹء
ϦüŪһ
̨ȹνȹкܶཫʿȹʲôϡ⡣
£ϦŵֻƹӺȹ
ҲȹɫͻȻÿ¡
Ρ飬˶֪˭˿̶ͣжһƬš
ֱһƳĬ
ҿԵȻٺ𣿡
Ťͷɫ¶ɻ
ǰߺһʱɿŲߣţֲ԰׵ƤĨǳĺαԡȫһ˼ģֻںʲô
Ϊʲô
Ρ˼һ˵ĻشȻһԵͻȻĲ̨ؽү¿࣬ҩһҪǵġ
飡
Ρѹŭŵ˹ȥ
ƽյľٶЩŵǺ˵ġرǳҵ˽ⲻһһҪ¹ġ
һ뱻ɻ󿴹ȥֻҵլӣֻܷˡ
˿ϵѾȫȥΡŶ¿డ
Ρһᣬƹˤҧԣ
һЦνȥ
ԼȻ˹࣬ɵӶ֪ôѡȻΡѡˣ£Ҳ˵һ޷˺ġ
Ρһ飬˲豭ƳһϷ飬޵
Ůһ㶼ɰӲŶԣ
ȵҺΡţĶ»ڣֻǳϵǣûһ˿ɬֻһҩ㣬ŨζҺ΢ȫҩǷˮ
Ρһ㶵ģ
ϦЦеİ
ֵ㽫УбۿΡ䷢һ͵͵ĳЦ
Ρһ豭вҺ壬ƤЦⲻЦҵû뵽Ҳϲ硣
û˵Ϧһ˷ܣҲû뵽þûˣ¹ȻƹӰɣ˵ǰҲϲҩصء
û˵꣬ϦͻȻɫͨһ£ݺԼơȫûԼ飬գպǶѪ˿
ѾͷȻԼΪȸֵʵԼϡ
ΡеЦȴΪڵЦ
ͷգȴƱգƵ˴
ⶼΪ㡣
ոջ¶˿ɫֹСҹ䡣
˶Ϣ죬㲻״˶ʶס
ֻƳϦһۡ
񡭡
ֻԹ۵Ρоһӽŵ룬գȫǷʹ
ɱı
Ÿ˿־壬ϦһѪΡҲо⡣
Ϊʲô
֮ǰϦɳݡ
ûɱϦֻǲһ߳˴
Ӱգ۲Ϧȴδͷ۵أø
¡
Ůͺſ־壬ȴ
Ϧ㡭
ȥϦȻ˶֣ṳ̂һ
̶յľýС
ֹǣǺϦϵ׽νҲδöδһԡûһһӵϤɢȥΡͶҲԺ
һؽΡ˼ŵΪŴ̽ĹȥˣڿãһоͱԭͿ
˵Ρ̾˿Ťͷһ겻ӣ̧һţʲôأ
͵ػؿȥү˵ôϦ㣿
Ӧòᷣöء
һΡŵ䣬͸ʹ
ֻԼ˵һ죬Ǻ˼ը䡣
״εص֡Ϧ
˭֪أɡ
ҡȥ򽫾飡
ȥ飿Ρһü밤ٰӣ
ûϵϦһֱаҡ
ððʧʧعȥԼС˵˵Ϧ
һҲǣֻ޴ô졣
żܵõٹȥ˵Ϧֻˡ
벻ð취ֻүԡ

ڶһ磬ŹͶ˸Ժб㿴ϦѲٹڣǹʯ·ϣϵ·¶ˮʪǱֻµļֱ
Ρû뵽һҹȥȻδ˵ʯ·üͷһ壬һ̧ͻȻԶУͷ֡
дһЦһƺ󿿽Ƿ
ĽŲȻν໢ˣע⵽˿̶עŹŵϦѹûʩһۡ
Ǻܵ
໢ͷҲصȻģϦѾͷҿǵӿġ
ȻģΪβȥ㣿Ϊ˵ϼ仰
û໢˵ν˹ȥǴӲ潫κξ
ʹǴģ
νĬƬ̲ŵΪԼǶԵģҲȥĽǣǶԵġ
һҧʮ¾
ҧһξ͹ˣΡνԺеϦԴ֮ϦЩִˡ
ҵĴ
ûô˵
νߣΡûô˵ôİ
ȻҵĴȻҪ𡣡
νһݣʲô
Ρ΢Цȥǽ
νɫ£üΡ¡
Ρδ𻰣ֻһЦת뿪
໢ɦϵҶ쿴ΡнԶıӰⲡӵȷʵǾ仰ʲôšԣͣѹ鿴һģͦйġ
ν
ν㲻ͦϲ𣿡
໢԰㲻в𣿡
㻹ù
νһ²໢仰˻ȥ˵Ҳ֣Ҳ٣ǲãȻ⡣
㲻ȥҽΪҰɡ
νĬƬ̲ŵ͵һ
ºİ컵Ϧ½ŭȻµǡ̵ĳʹ
Щͬ׽˶֪£ڽ߶ȹǶʱֻϦŻдйԺС


 18 

Įҹ䵽ƹյǻЩȶȣõչܻ˻ʢĵĴ
ֻǶΡ˵ѿԱ֣¯ȴɵô¼̿¯䳡Ŀֳֳ̱.ǹŮקȥŮñʱͬ˵֮ǰμʱͬ
ǼֻҪһֱһнһƳҲģǲڡ
δŮڷɣһʵľ˻м
Ρڽ꣬ĸҲӢˬĽŮӣԲܾ³
ǰӦṵ̂
ʣء
ڣΡЦһ̾Ҳ֪
ӦøԼԡ
̨ϵŮ˳.ǹӸµңңؿ˹У۾ƽõС
Ůӣʵƿߡ
ǣ书ǿˣôÿ
ΡаһЦ̨߽
ſڱøƵľͱߡ
ΡüһҪڵĻֱӱ˻ȥ
һԾ̨.ǹһȴӹѾеʪ
»δ𣿡
õĶһ٣΢ۿΡΪϦ
ԡ
Цһʲô
ȷʵû취ˡ
۾һУʪӻظѾߣսΡʲôң
߬ڵҲֻ£ԸԸæǵһ仰¡
ĬΡβſڣֻ۾ҷˡ
Ρһ㶡
ȷʵˣȻ˿־壬ҲδϦ˵һػصȥԺзҲʵڲɵ¡
ϦԷ
ûд𻰣ȴĬϡ
ɼԷֻҪ²ڣϦҲ᳤𡣡
ɲһҹҲ¡
ֻ֮Ǿ䣬˵ΡʹգȻǰһ䡭
ΡĥĥǲϦҹֻǲ֪οڰɡȻΪҪڴľ˶ν໢ǵϦ
µؿ˵ŵֻ˵һ㡣
ûΡ˳Ÿ
ɲңҶԵµ˽ʵޡ
˽ң
Ṳһ֮ˣȻ˽⡣
Ρ²ڱ鱨ҪġҿԸҵһ£ΪһЦ书ʧǰǼȣ
ɫһ䣬ǵؿԼү
үж֮ἰҲἰΨִүĴֻǣүԥϡ
һüϣֻһžͿ̤һȵĶϣ
ߡ
֮ǰ˵Ļǹά
ôᡣΡЦһи۵ף˵ֻһţݹ£ж˾Ϳһϡ
ֻҲû֤ԼܷΪһĻᣬѴһȵ㣬ǻ̲ס룬ܳɹ
Ϊǡ
Ρ̻ѵûע⵽ߵ˳Ϧǽҽġ
ڴЩʲôʧһΡЦ
Ϊθϲ˻
һ鱨ˣʲôҸȤ˵
ԶΡЦſһɻ飬òֵ
˵ͷүܲϲἰԼȥ书
ͿЩˡ
ˣ
ҪСһȸֵһ֮ϣǲϳĴڡ
һ֮ǲϳǶأ
⣿Ρһţ鲻úöˣ̸Ҳ֪𣿶⣿ֻǰûʱĴ˵ˡ
̸ֲʵһȸж಻ϳҲ̫֪ڣѽٲҲؽͶ˵Ľ̸˶С
⡭
ͻһߣ˻ˡ˵ﵽĿֻ꣬ʱ䡭

ͻײУ㵱оһƬ򴽿ǰһῪڵ¡
ΪΣǽһİΡ˵ͻȻüĿһ䣬࣬Ũƹǻֻ
ƱЫغĥЦõӡ
ƹӶôҲûܱ꾫ˡ
ͷһתһЦֱӽǱȽϺã
Ρգգۣ˳ڵĻҲôС
˵߳ŭɿȥıӰۺƤҸʤһ
飺
飺Ժô죿
ΡɫһܿЦеоͽаɣ͵ڿҺÿˡ
飺
Ƥȷʵûܺүˡ

Ϧһ֮ΡͶ˵Ĵࡣıǣνڲðɱˡÿͬһţ
һ㲻ϺǶΡĿ̡
Ҳڿν໢ճ֮һ֣ǿΡһӻȴΡģʵȤĽ
ΡеĿӲ֪ڼα֮ҲŷһֻĳЦ
ΡȥҲ˵һ仰Թض㡣ֱ㶢òɿһֲҲġ
Ρ
ο飬һȶմ
Ҳо˲̣ŵӦûǿԳһ㡣
ֱӼһ鼦ΡУüˣ
ΡüĿ䣬лл
һ˭ûϵСȻϣ̤ŵͻȻһͷΡɫɷףϢǰԵ
ͫ͵һʶؼ߼׼ȷ˽뻳С
˽ľ룬ĺȴ΢ƻʱɢ
һԼŵ飬ֻΪһС鼦
Ӧáǣƹʱ̫Ҳżүδֹ
ԶϦԸг
˴Ժ㿴ŴһϢɫ
Ρõģ̽ƹ鱨ǵЩﲻ߶á䱾һֻȤֺÿĺ꣬˵Ļʵϧ
ջ֣࿴飬ƹǲǾ
ǵģֻǽƵ̵࣬Ļһ¾һΡ
ôŹȥģ
һ£ǡҩ
ֻǺҩļʲһɣصǶϵŮΪ赼УΪ̴ӣⶼ֪𣡡
૵ϵŮӡ̫Ƕϡ
ԼǳΣүҲÿһʱͻ
֮ǰҲ֪Ȼһȸ֣үûԳŹһɵļ
Ȼ£
δ䣬Ůӵص˾áɴ䵽Լǲŵ̧ͷŵ㡣
໢Цļ磬ȻӦ;
˿̵飬иܵڲٽǾ£ٴξã˵һ¡


 19 

ǽȫͷһľʹ
涾֮£ΡᾭһĿ̡ҲֻʱĸŻ
Ϊ˻
ĸ󡭡
Ҳĸ󡣡
֮еްƹŮӽȴƯþˣģһ
Ρ͵ۣȴһƬڡһָֻϣĵĺ밴Ƥͬʱ̵ȶȡˮҲṇ̀ů͸ƤȴɢĿھʹ⡣
ʲôǲԶɡ
ģ
ɽȪ
ΪȪ
ҩȪ˵á
òҽΡҲ˽⼸ԼϵĶȪ޷Ӱ졭Ȼ֪ܿΪڴ˴
ĸΪ赼ʱȫͬ㼴ŮӣҲʵ̫Ե
Ρҧأɹѹؼʺʹȴ޷վȣ岻ܿƵȥ󱳴һ£ͬʱŮӵ
ϰĹŮѧ˵Ůӹ񡭡
㻳еΡӲֻ죬ȫŮ˵ʲô
˵Ǿͨ黭շǷ竣ĺŮ׽ǵһΣŮ㡭
ƺĻԿƵظԺճģ
ϲ£Ҳǳ졣ĵǷѩȪˮʪҲܡ
ס
ΡſڣΪξң
˵Һ֮˵ʲô
Ρһºص˵ϲҵ᲻
䲻ǵãȷʵġȻ˵ڣȻ
̵Ȫˮ仰ӿĿڱΡ͵սȭŵ۽޴סиӡԸǰʹѹƹ
ˣ㻹һʱ
ס۾ŲؼΡٶתڵУŮӸϸıӰ͵ײС
йնĻ治ǰһ
ϣǷޡ
ֻž뿪û͸оԼ˽קס˦ҲһʼܱܿĶ
ֻ뵽ոŴȪҲѪɫˣʶûж㿪ֻͷҲ֡
γԱȵǣĲһǳĺ죬һ˲Ȼ
һҧס˵Ҳˡ
ʲô
ȻҾȻˣҲСȪУÿϧ𣿡
ܸоϵ˵ס˲ȫ
ţһ
Ϊβһͷң
Ϊ˵ɤ֣ҲвζŨ֡ڶУöëɨ룬⡣
ǼİĸоȴΨһһ˴İо

Ŀһ䣬͵תؽ˰ȪƽĴʯϣӳݷмΡ˵䣬һסʺҪ顣
ΡܿŮŭⷭӿѪɫȴްֿ־塣
һԾŶŮӡ
Цһָ̧ŮֱָǣŮӵָⰴԼ롣
ǲǺϲҿɲ񽫾ôСϲ˵һ٣ЦֻҲϲ룬Ȼ鱨Խ֪ܲܽ
ɳƵŹƻβȪѬһĨ糺죬ɡ
꾫һʣȷʵʺϼ
Ȼǳɫ˲£һ뿪
ԭصΡһºۿӰʧķ
ǵһμ㣬濴ȥŭ㡣
ˣϦգܶҲκֶΣֻһɡ
ȷʵǷŭֻϰһӰ㿪ʼ
ү
ѾˣԽȥ
ϲɫ˸Ų˽ȥ
ϦЦŴս㣬߶ϵһ˲ʻ˽ҪڵĻ
СߵϦֻһ񣬾ܿĵ¡鼫ĬŸȴͲסһԹɫɵ˹
˼š
໢㿴Ų˵һԼץ˵ʲôˣ˵ǰһǲСӿסˣȥ
ֽкڳǣֻһȥ
԰»ĮǸʲôϦ۾𣿡
Ϧıһ˲̧Ⱥݺ໢żϲ¡
ֵÿǴֵ㣬˿ȴδһ˿Ц⡣
ƹսƻǾ츱ƹͻȻ츱ҲࡣﷱæҲǱصĮǴ
ȷʵûٶ˵ء
Ϧܵ໢ֵҪؾ𣿡
ϦȥΪдš˵Ρ˳;棬֮ٴ䷴
ǵģ¡
뿪໢źףüһᣬȴɲý⣬ֻϦôϧǲӣ
Ϧһ۷ȥôܣڶѡ
֮ǰǻΪԼֹУ
ΪβУΪ͵ıӣڹһֱ˱֡
ɽΪʲôԸؾ
ϦһߣȥԼȥǡ
໢ЦɲУڣҼͷӲܿҡ
ؾֻΪϿ㣿
Ȼǡ໢ɫһͷӺ˵ֻҪ˴ƹսȡôݣǽ֮ʱӦؾ
Ϧҧҧȥ͵˵
໢һɫգȥ˼ЦЦҲҰ
ն໢ЩĹ۵Ϧֻһؿڣݺݹɵһۡ
໢УΪңΪ׻̫ͬ̾ˡ
㽫Ըؾ໢Ҳһ׷档

Դ÷ּϦΪд֮ȷʵδŴߴ٣ֻÿµʹ಻붬֮ʱլۡеĿⷿȻѾڷŲ¡
վڿⷿſڣüⷿ۵ӡ
Щδ
ȫ󡣡
ǹ߳侲ȫνҲһ¡Įǽĵ̣ҲһҲԱ֤˻СʹµĶôˡ
ҿЦġ
νǵûһɴۣŵؿһ㡣
ѵһʧ̬ģ໢ϦЦгЦΡ
ν໢һ۱ؿ㣬۵мǳЦ⸡֡ĽʵǾΥˡ
£ƹá
һüƹʲô
˵²˵⡣
׵ȥƫҡ
ⷿʹʹϣϦƫֹƹλ֪ƹкҪ¡
Ҽ볤үǰһ
ŵ˫һչǰζȻӣ


 20 

ǰͣסԾüͷһ塣
ҹһС꣬ȴѽһȫϰķƽҲϰ˶յĺ䡣ƹĲӡ
˵⼸վŵʱҲ
վſڻףֻΡĲСĴһ˿Ѫɫ
Ķ£Ի̫һĲ԰׿ʵڰۡ
Ȼ䣬ഩǡ
Ρһ㶺Цлġ
ԶഩãֻҪţϥǴʹ總֮һ˶Ϊֻ䡭
ȳӡ
Ρ㵿ıӰչ¶һЦ
κ°
ۣ߲ˡ
Ҫ̤żüףġ
ǽ˵ȳӵ𣿼ȻȳӣȻһ߲ˡ
ôߡ
۵Ĳͷȴ߻ؼһ߬ӵ֡󲽸ոտƳһ˲üʶ˽Ų
ƹһ·쵽ż䣬ǰվ̧ס׼ϵϦ顣ѹ£Ҽֻ˵Ҫ
Ȼеһ˿й¶Ľš
Цһš
ϦԥӦǣԵüšҪգΪλҪү̲סض롣
Ҳдɻڿеȴʱ˲Ͳµ˼֡
һˣδɣҲżӤʡֻһȷʵݣ˲С˾̾Եòѿ
Ρһ
һȣûּһѵƹˮãÿ˶һЩ
ΡźۼŤͷ񵱼һ
ֻˡ
ʶꣿ
ţݼ
û˵꣬Ҳδȫ£żڱһŭȣҪң
ѹŵŭҲǷӿ
ѰӣûŵҲŵȴֻε߬߬ȭֱֱ֧ŮֹСҹգգЦֺá
⼸仰Ĺȫոϳɵģ
۶꣬ΰԼͷĻߵǰ̧ȡ˶ͷסһŵ꿸˼ϣв߳ż䡣
һͷˮΡƬ̲żϡ
ſƹվǰһš
û˵ǿеİð
õģֻȥ漸ա
ȷʵʶ
Ρ۽ȥиӣĲÿ걧簤ߣЦŵҵˣ
ϦΡǵһοǰ˷ϦҲȲꡣ
ƹȷʵͦÿġ
ɣϦҲǰȻҲѾͷȷʵ
ûÿһתս㣬Һү˭ÿ
һëûСӺȣ
ҧ˵ʲôΡͻŮЦ𾪵ؿ˹ȥֻһŭѾȥ۴εÿ
Ρ
꾿˭
Ρûʳڣһ·岻ϻֻܿ˵ش³գûټ
ܿĵӣ˭
ΡһۣҲ֪
Ϊֻѭ򽥽ȴ·ɱ꣡
뷨ҲΡϾ˭Ҳ벻׵ܵܣʵ۾ȻǧƫԶСǡ
νҲǴʧɫ£
Űڰ֣Ƕǻʽţù
ν¾ˣ
ǰ˵͵͵һۣȴͷ迴ɫʱ˽
ҲǹŽġ
̧ۿȥ˷֮ģܺá
Ƿ
ⲻҪҪǡ
ͻһ죬ķѵľк֮ϣˮſܿԭɫĩʡ
ţôܣô뿪ʹ
ŭ֮Уʶɪһ£һ˲ֱͦ˼ŭ㣬Ǿǿ
ʲֹΪ󣬻Ҳ˼ˡû뿪ʹҲ뿪ʹ
ΪĮǣΪ˸ҸʻƫģΪϾǴ
£Ϧһ
ЦŶϦҡҡͷ
һֱ˽ԼĻʽ㣬ĻڵġĻǱʾܵ
ֻʽ㡣˵ߵǰ߻ʽ㣬㲻ԸؾԻ壬ҲǿԼֻĮǴҳ꣬һж
һ㶣򴽿ǰ꣬¶ӡ
ƤһЦʽ㣬ҿǺͼˣΪù𣿡
ĬƬ̲ŵǲǶΪǲԸŲؾ
ڼžӣֻ໢Цһεźס
Ƿӳ죬ҲѾõ˴𰸡̾һǲǶΪ䣿
üɵѵֻǻߵЩ书ǿڶӦcѵһϣ˵ͻƶ⡣
˵Ƕأ
νõôܣǰ޶ֳ
ұҲΪûСЦܿ˭Ƕְˡ
νѵˣ
ûСǲҪˣϰ书ҵġϷָ֣ⰴüģƹսʱͻƵģ֮Լ֮»ؾһ档Ҳһ棬ȷͻƶ⡣
ŴֽɣüͷԽ߬ԽβſڣδڹжͣΪ𣿡
ԣһʧ̬
ν૵һгıһ̸ֽ
໢¶ô𣿾㶥Ҳ˰ǺͽһҾͲŴ򲻹
νŭɹȥĪҪˣضԸڵľжȡһˣ֮ϵĶжǿ潫Ƽ㽫ǿӦܱ֤ԼӦcЩﻤס𣿣
һĻµ໢ƿԣͷɥƵܡ
ȴɥͷָץģʽ㣬Բ𡣡
ΪεǸ
Ҳʽա
ⷽ汾û츳
ЦŴŹգһַֻֽСһȦսģǻʵۣ书Ͳóġع֮󣬲Ҫ
˵һ١
ѲǰǸ뻤µĺˡ
Ҫ֡
գգЦеֵᷢġʽôòؾҾû춼ʧǵġ൱ϲʽġ


 21 

ﶼ᲻õȴǲŭЦ
ʮĹҲֻһûа׷ѡ
鲻ųû𣿡
üͷһ壬û̷ֻϾ𣿡
ڹвһ裬ǻŻóİ衣ʽ㲻ڣҡڹеҲ㹻Ӧ
Ƭ̲ŵȻѾˣɡ
ʵȥطãֻĮǶȷʵûаɳǰһͻʽһȹ
ϴλعûע⣬̵Щ꣬ǰ㶼û
Ŵܴı飬վֱ̧˱ȣ˻ûؿڡ
ĶУŸܵ裬̲סһ.ſڴϣǻʽ̫ˣ
Һܸ𣿡
ܸߣ
ѯʵؿϦõһصĵͷ
໢νҸߡ
ţеģ
һü㲻𣿡
ܴ͵סؿڣسݡ
ûҲû׷˻ȥᰴ˼ְΡߵǸСȻе⡭ǲڹʳã
Ϧ
ϦӦϿ¡
õģֻЩкñȽѡ
Ťͷ໢
ֻҧгݵνļ磬һǣСʱһʱҲŸոյؿڡ֮һʹڡ˵໢һЦڻҸߡ
νЦбۿȷұߡ
ۼһ˲;ҪЦһˣˡȥš
ʱҪը˲ȴǣ

ҹɫ֮ʣƮ˶ëѩĮǺ˿̲١հ㻹ǴյѣڳʱһɫĶ
Ϧֽɡߵࡣ
ģ
סķڵ¸ڡ
ܺá
Ȼͬ˵أҪԼ߲ܰġ
;Ժʱ㿴֮ˣüͷʱ
ʲô
ΡЦƹδ¹˴ѩ㽫𣿡
⡣
ѷŲΡȴǸüѡѩȻ˫ϥʹȴĥͲҲΪʲôѩ
鿴ŵסԺӣȥ̵ģ
Ŷ
Ŷⷿڣ
Ŵ򿪣귢һʪӦԡ겻á˸Ƿôˣ
䲻䣿
䡣
սģüôôû̿𣿡
ϦصеģϺõĽ˿̿
һż˽̸Ρ˰ɫ
ΪŮǲ˵ġ
û취ҵһѱסĸ첲һ˫Ư۾ǷŹ⣬ܺͽһ˯𣿡
á
У
ͬʱϦƳΡһۣͬؿš
ʼ磬ҾͿЦ
֮󲻹ߵķǰΡʳ˺һ⡣ֻȫͬĿɰβ⡣
Ϧǰһ̲סҵͬ⡣
Ȼкһֻѩҹ˭ҲûֻܿС
㱻ϵײӵΡһЦ̾˿
ǰ·صԶ
ϦͬܵصͷƹҪͰ
Ρü䣬ġ

ѩһҹڶ峿ѩѿûűϦǴϢɿܻԺһŵѩһĺ
˯Ρ˼֣ģʲôô
Ҫιӳȥ
˯糱ˮȥΡһµҲȥ
ɽձ컹䣬үȡ
Ρ۵ʹҲȥ
ϴϣΡŶûþ׷˳ȥڴſڶµˡ໢ϰἸӡ
Ҫȥģ
ȿڣȥ
㱻ҲδãΡеΣиʤϵЦ
ҿһȥ𣿡
㲻¡
ð
ֱӱ»ȥֻЦŹһŵıӣĬĻ
໢ҪõĶ꣬ûſ첲ǰռһ࣬Ρһࡣ
Ϧнӹ̿¯СƳ¯ϵĻƣΡͫһ
ͽǸ
ţҶӲ¯Żҿϧ
Ŷ¯ϵȺǴ壬۾Ź⣬һЦܸ𣿡
ҵĶҪȥǡ
ΡüͷιΪˣȱһ¯𣿡
ƹ֪ÿһǶһ޶ģõһҲδǣĮǡһ٣Ϊ⡣
Цһ˵ôͻȻطˡ
ŵػ˻СԴΡҼȻƹ͸ĶҪġ˵ŵݳһ塣
ӵΡĻ͸⡣
ô
ΪҪʱЩɡ
ʱƣ
Ρвһ
ͳĶžǺˣ
лιӡ
ҲԻŶ
Ρһ㶣ظ򣿡
ǽķȻǽн򰡡
Ρһ鿴㣬ܵܣ
ţšЦбţڲнˣ
ϰߣҶ븮ôԶˣõĻߡ
ǵãĵܵܣʵ۱š
Ρ𾪸Ϊһ֮ĮǶް𣿡
͵ؿһۺţû
ʼڹоǸ裬¶ǻ崦ġ
øȨֻȻĵܵܡ
Ρ̲סһЦ
֮ǰʲô
⣬δȫͣ£űȲȥһҪˤſ
㼰ʱץĺ죬վüëëġ
²ѵóһΣ
˴
֮ܽ뾩ȴһֱڹСҲ֪֮£֪ƽжѹ֡
ͷ˲һ㴹ǳЦô衣
ıѵŻһ鳲Ƶĳ˽˺ĺ档
ܵܡ
׿ȥϾһĸͬĵܵܡ
Ρ̲סԼҾŵܣ̾һҲ׽ҼǸ
ܵܣ
ϾţС˽꣬СʱͦɰģһѵңҲǸ磡
ȷʵѵ
Ρ¶죬ֻŮЦһȻܲס䣬


 22 

ȷʵܲס䣬ⲻǵĽ˹𣿡
üұܣ
Ρ֮ǰҲ֪ʵݣּڲͬôܲġ
Ƭ̲Ρ˼̲סЦЦӣأ
˵ʵмּʣһΪˡ
ҸոյĻǹģ㲻Ρ˵ŵģĸʺϣҵָ鷳
˵㣬ΡЦ
һԵһͷˮүôͦ˵ģ
Ρûҵ̬Ѿ˺ܶ𣿡
Ҿûʲô仯
˵㻹С
ΡıӰƵҲСˣˡ
С˼ˣ
鱻ͻȻһؿŤͷͼһЦϦ
Ϧ㣬ҡ
ϲʲôģ˵Ұң
໢ҲƵվһߣɧҾ˵˵ѡ
໢ЦҪȢʶŮӣǻ൱ڰɡ
Ϧʲôõġ
໢ĴɤţְûŵϵŶһһΡ𣿡
ڣΡźۼɨһۣѹӣ˭ܲ
ͬصͷҲǣʱҲͦġ
ŶҲң
ɫһ
˻ʽˣ
ŸЦתƻ⣬ʱˣٲϽ緹ûˡ
Ρһת˭Ķࡣ
ǰһð
໢ϦֵȻҲʾһʱֻʣν黹ʵʵڰŶ
ž־䶴ΡϽסҡͷﲻãǻط
Զͣ£Ρż˵棬⿪
б㱻һӣ㵿ţչ¶һЦ
Ļʵ۱¶ԶˣôԱ߿ء˵䶴ǱȤ֮һҲȷʵܾûˡ
Ρһֻ˫ȵʹûôĥˡҲûȥԿ䣬ֻһŬ
Ȼ˵˰죬Ҳûܳɹ䴩ΡбСӣҲ̫ˡ
ǰ
Ҳش۵ֱһƨɸؾһǳ⣬ţվ
һƲͷһֽ̹һܣ
⻰ΡҲعͷȥ㿴СϣѾʼ㣬յı鿴ֱ
ͷһתЦһ£ԼСߣ̧ͷ
ü
Ρü䣬ǲ鷳ģȥһſ»˴ҵ¡
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Ҳѵó棬ѾԺˡ
ͷ߿ȥ
Ϧ໢׵һСͲסį嵽ߴѩȥˣһ棬νս֡ԶԶϦЦν໢໰Ļ
֮˶ᱻȾĻֳ㴽̲סͻȻоһգЦδ˻ͷѯʡ
͵ΡֵֺЦЦ
ֱһֻɹ͵С꣬ɰĽ˲𱸡ĺõҲøֻƽϣվ׼һطµ㣡ҲҪһ
ΡǸӣأ䲻
˵ţȴһһʳ¯Ķǰ
ĿɿڴؿߵһָԼ䡭˸૵Ӷð
һȸ֣ѡ
ŻͷȥЦȫõĽ۸ˡ
ΡͿһ𾪵˭۸㰡
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Ϊʲô
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ղȴů̫УҲûһܸһ˵ĺöҲסһ롣ܵ߿һС㣬Ҳÿڵˮһð
ǰһ뺰´Ž˻ȥȻһͿ㲢δҧǳһֱӽץ˳ӵһԡ
㣡ף
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ףΡ㷽һ۱¶ȻЦŵҿɲҰˮôף
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ֺᡭ
˼Ҫһ
վΡֻǰһ󷢺ڡ
Ҳˡ
Ρ̾˿Ƶߡ߳ڶ羪ը죬Ѫɫ˲価ɷһƬ㿪ΡһŲȿֱֱ̹ǵĺˮ֮С
˺ļôᡭ
ү
ڰߵȴ˹˺ѷεغһҵļһ档
ȴ֮ǰŤͷͫһȳ˹ȥûΡˮ֮ǰϵѵıǰһ˲һ˽ȥ
ѰصĶձԲʲô˵£ֻҪʱ䲻纮Ⱦϡϲֱĺף꣬ĵطĹˡ
ûԼȻΪ˾Ρٴνĵط
ϣȥҲûӲҪȥҡϾĵȣܲסˮֻſһֵĵ¿
ϦȴһҪ໢һסѾȥˣʲô֡
ȵ£
໢㵵ˮȻ˵㣬˲˽ɡ
㲻֪Ϧۿͨ죬°ꡭ
Ϧֹ㲻ϲἰ¡
ѵĵ𣡡
ôܲġ
Ŵ㣬ҽ㡣ûԽԽȥˡ


 23 

£
ү
ϲصһûֻŻʧȥʶ˱棬ɿߵ˰ߡ
ȥ𣡡
ڲϿ𡣡ֹϦرܣν̺
һرܣ
Ϧɻͷһ˲ͼΡСһ죬Ѹתܽ
龪ŵؿĶ𣿡
̫ȡ
黹һ⣬ü伫ʯ鶼ѣүʯͷӲ𣿡
νΡֻʣһɫʱ̲סҲȥϻѰɣƹӽҾͺá
ҲС
ȻոתͱסĴУͳϵ㾪ȵشȥ
մӱãΡɫȻȫƽղ԰ףѵЩһ𾪸
ʵȻһʱ嶯ȥΡвΪܻ书ģĵ֮µãοΡһӡ
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ͳһڣϸϸ鿴
ոںҵģôı飬ȻͶ˼ġֻǰҪΡûüǲȥ׷
㷭תڵĶһ٣ŷһƬϻָ׸Ǵӡͫ׽

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ΪʲôΡ֣
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ʱ㲻ظҲЩӰ졣
ֻҪΡܻС
ջ֣׼ͻȻס˱ֱۻࡣһüˣš
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ɴƹеǿֻһһ٣˵ü棬˼ֲ࣬˼ּᶨ
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 24 

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 25 

̤Ժݣһ۾Ϳ˹ڴԵ顣괹ͷܿĲȫǻҰ֮ɫѹɥ
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СͰģԶ˵ľͲԸԷˣأÿһмܲסֻĸܵס㡣

Ρ̲ס䵭飬˾ŭݡ
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лҪ˵ʱ21ȴ21Һýÿ˿

 26 

ҹɫ֮ʣ໢νŴĻѺǰ˵Ƕϵĸ֣䳹ıдջܿ˵ֻ˿ƽտΪȻֻʣ°صļ˿⡣
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䣬ΡͻȻоԼڿն𣬱ӵҲδ񣬿ŵͷԼ´š
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ΡҹһѾһҡ
ߣŶѵԼԼ
Ρŭˤ

 27 

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ؿԼүȴطү۶ǽһ˿ⶼûֱָ̹ĳƵó֡
䳡׷˶ͣߵԿ̨ϵĲ˼ġ
书ȫʧΡУҲһ˫ٳĴ򶷡ֻһȣ۰ĵܾܵȻŲȣ
룬Ҳί˳
㵭첻㣬͵ѵá
ôҲĵȣŶ𣿡
ǰˡ˵ۿΡǲǾʤ
ǹ˼ŶͶȷʵʤ
Цٿ
ƫͷһΡ֡
ֻһĸոٳʽÿһÿһʽ׼һ˿Ķһȸһս
ŶոΪΣ
˼Ѳ֮ǰ׾õԱʽ
ΡĬ
̫â¶ûܿҲ˼Ѳ֮ˡ
Ӯⳡſĵ̨ܵǰС佱
ü۴ЦܺãձҪʲô
Ƭ̲̽ŵѺܾδǹˡ
ΡؿɫϦˡ
еĺӦʮ˰ͨ˵ӣ.ǹʺе
ʲô飿
㿴һţĬƬ̷òѾ裬һ
ƭˣܵһԱǰѲǹΪλͷǹڴ˴
˲䳹ĿУͻȻһЦΡߣüЦͷǹǹʺϽˡ
ΪΣ
ǵͽǸ¯𣿡
һŲˣ꾫һֻ
Ȼ䣬еһ˿Ц⻹Ǳ¶顣һʱνڵ˶𾪵ؿΡ
ϲŭ޳㣬ֻϦǿѹŭ𡭡


 28 

Ǹ𾪵ȴǸ̤䳡ķġ
ľͷһŮˣĪĿˣ
˿Ҳ˷ģʶΡ
˵ȼĶǲ뱨ǾͲǺˡҲΪǺꡣزû¶һ˿ԷĵĲϲ
˼ɣȴλչ¶ԼĲϲҲ֪ģĵɦŪڿ˼֡
ʱ仹̫̣Ϳ´ˣ
Цһתɫ糣ЦȻɲʣɳºͱ¶⣬Ҳ񡣡
Ƕɣ
Ρһ£ΪʣȴǴǡ
һΪ쵽أȻôܿһֻĸèⲻֳϵط顣
໢ЦҲű̬Ц˼裬ѰŮĶӡȴ㲻ѰŮӣɫδһ֣¡
ôҡ
㸩һֳη֣һΡ°ͣ٬Цȫһ˵ӵɡ

ΡգգۣסԼ°ֵָ¡
ͬĹΪ֮öɤȻ֮ŮӸ˶䷢֡͵Լ˿ҲʶԼԼ˸ӣλѳڣֻܹ򾲵վֱӡ
ŤͷһͷˮķģжݵգȥֻʣĳЦ
ûһ˵㶯ѵָ̬ȥ壿˵ڻôҲδɹҲʵ˰ɣġ
⻰жⲢ֮ǰǷ裬ȴһ˷Ŀڡʧ˴ܻΪ㣡
Һθɣ
һ֮ȴһҲޣΪֻһŮˣ
ɫһڣг޺ХһٽĴڵءǰһźݺݲŮؿڣΪרĹ¶Ůɫٹ˳ƵΪȴ⣬𣿡
רĹ£Ц⻰ǳĵ𣿡
㲢δֱԻشֻҶԻֻǶԳľȻҲֻǶСĹذ֮飬֪ΪС˵ЦһС̻֮سˡ
ȷʵֻо
ɡ
뵽֮ǰԸ£оֹסؿֻšҲˣŴδοƲסǰʧ˷ִ硣
κףԼöġ
ҧΡ뿪ͻȻһֻ֡ĺ޺޽򿪣è޺ӣ
ϦűĺùգҪǵ·Ը˭㰡
໢һһ۵۲Ҳһ˵۰طҲԹԴǡ
νߣȥ̫ҽǡ
Ϧ۾һɣУδ磬ҳȻȣȷȷʵʵǶȣ
Ƕأ㿴Ѿˡ
˵˲
Ϧ
㣬ϦµľжԼν
һܵʿֱ֣Ϧ㿴ģɻʵĶȸô˰
һʿЦδ˿ǽϦ㵱ӿģйҶ
ǻһЦĳڷȴ쳣ۡ
ܾǧ谮㣬µŮҲˡᣡ
һѳ䳡ڻ԰ɢţ˿ǹҪʲô
ͲҸϲ𣿡
Цһĸʲôܸ㾪ϲأϲǹͷǹΡ
ŵͷҡ˲˹ģҡߵĸģҲŲҪ
벻ҪʲôƥŶ
ǰһ
ĽϴĽе⡣ȻٺãĮ֮лЩź
㣡ɽ
üͷһ壬Уʳȱ޻͡
ѲûĻסң
ûá
ŷشԴ
޾֮·ʱ֣໢ܽ£Į֪
£
ûʣͦģӦòС¡˵໢ֱһ⣬߿бЦûĮǱ飬ŶһӶܼвӬˡ
໢ͻȻʹɿ֣ͰͿ۵飬ٿɻؿջؿӵ㡣
νЦɵӳ˴̡
ϦֺǺǽӵһǴ
໢۾һɣôһǴˣ
Ϧص֪Ͳ˳һʲô㻹ܸ𣿡
໢Զԣ˼ڤһƵһܡ
ν
໢һӣŭνȻ˵ĻδڣһĬĬԼָ׳ס
ɫ˰յŻΡǰջصڰ·סΡһ۲ŵⲡһãֲ֪Ҫڴɼ죬鷳˷Ǯ
ϦһĻЦδ磬ǵȱҩǮ𣿡
νѹصȱ
ǵ۹Ǯ𣿡
δ
˵ǵֱӰҽڶҸЩġ
Ϧ
űԼһǳͶøɸƵŮЦ
Ѿͷ໢һǵظºµúܡǵδַ
ȥĮ˽н
Ϧһ֡
£
Įˣ
㺬ЦΡĮ֪ĮɲɣǾΪΪµġ
ΡͭǽĮ
ԣڴ˵ƹʮ֮ãδʧһδܡҲΪʮ겻ϵսۣһ۾ϳ˭ƹˣƹĮǣٺʲ
ΡȻ
ѹƹ̽һĮǳţĮʶ޲ڵġ
Ц͵͵ŲţĮˣĮүү
ŸЦҡؾʱٵŰݷá
ȻˣΪβ˳˵۴սҶûô顣׽㣬㻹ǸĮүү
Ҳ°
ͷ׷ϦţҪʩ񣬾Ƽߵţ۾Բ۽ܼӬӶ˿
ȿڣĮүүã
𾪣ֻû˹ֹѳϮλ򲻿΢
ǡĮһʽкҪ£
ɫһʱɤɫţΪĮǣ
ΪӹɫһԴָûʽ㣬ټ޵ֿ쵽ˡ
˼޿ɺǣʱ͵͵ֹǽԼΣ֮УҲǸ鷳
ĺǳ⣬ʹļ׵ģܣȫ̧ۿСԴԽԽ͡
Цذë׵ĺףˣĮҲѵˡ
ȻʺţΪӦóھֶΣЩŶԡ
Įˣ֪ġ㴹ȥһѾˡ
߳ĬƬ̺һԴԣǰཫѯʣΪνؾ
㣺´ؾԴĮ˾Ϊ£
ҡͷ⼸ճҰɽңѻܱӵļݣո˱Ϯ¹ս㣬ֻܺЩ֡


 29 

ŵĮ֪֮֮㿴š
ôȥ
밡밡ÿ궼дԣڻǰ
˵ŵͷָģͷһ
ǣʱ߲Ҫܡ

üȥӻδãڸС
ΡһƲͷһתЦ׼Ĵȥ𣿡
Ŷۡ
ǽҪڸУֻ´ʧľͲֹˡ
ҿ໢
㻰δ˵໢ֽһȥ
ν
㱻ϦקһĵνһЦҲȥûմӮġ
໢ЦüشչȥǶϣҲǶϣǳԼҲ򲻹ˣ
νƳһۣ֮ϣֶֶݶй䣬ͬ
⻰໢ƫڵСɫϷƬΣѵò˼ӱӣȻң
νһ͵ǿɡ
ûָ㽫ĿתϦϣûüŮҡһԴ£Ҳ򲻹İҵ̷ء
ۣһĶô£
㣬ȥҲûµġ
ѯʵؿȥ
ŵõռѣѩ֮ʻƽأڱůüã㹻̿졣
㿴Ρҧ촽Ưĺƴˮ⣬鷳𣿡
ǰԥ˵һǡֻ飬ᷢĵ׵ظеġ
ΡƤʵ̫ÿÿֻ֪꾫ΪҲһ˿ϲ
Ҳǡ
ǽǴӦһˣ
䡭
䣬Ҹ뽫ֿһ˲
ͻȻʲôƵģΣյۣƽΡҼǵ˵ֻҪǺմߵ£û㲻ģ¥ҲɡĻ㶼Ů˵
ΡһЦǳԴ𣿡
ЦǶĹЩˡ
ƹʱȷкܶŮϲҡ˵Ρֻ̧㲱ü۴ЦֻǶûҺÿȻǿϡΪ¶ϣȴȻ˽һۣ㾪Ϊˡ
˫ּͻȻһգΡ֧򦺬Ц㿰ĶӵıӰ
Ҫǿһÿˣ᲻
ΡͷҲûػصбÿŮ𣿡
ҡһͷûУ
ҲáΡͷһü¾ûܱϱÿģ
˵ϲҲƽϲŭ޳㣬ȴһܣʵ̫ɰЩ
ڻ԰еһǣһŴȻߺ󣬻һ۵سʰо֣ʰ죬Ҳ⣬ǻЩͨźá

ʱƵƽԺΡȴſڱһŮס
˵Ҫɽ֣ƹӻԺúϢþΪá
Ρɫһ֪㲻ȴû뵽ôͲˣ
ܷҽȥͬ˵䡣
Ѿޡ
ΡᣬȴǿɳȲؽƻԺΡͷһۡ
ʼүΪá
ôΪҺˣ
̫˶岻ðܿȴûԡ
Ρͷһ˭˵û
Ϧʹ̫ҽˣүӱڱݹһ⡣ǰǿз£ڱз¡
ΡҧһͷϦѾͷһ죡
ϦѾܺˣδ˿ֱ˵үеġ
δˣν
˵ͷҲ뵽ʵͲ֪ô
ԼүƸǶɫֺһЦүʵǾˣաҪǱȥˣ
ΡһգһҪȥ
ͨһίȻпĲܿƵ¶
ǰүΪͷۣǷҲҫ۵ĵطΪҲˡ
ҹ죬ŵլԺ㻹Ǿѹʶһ
ų֮ʱԽвԽʢجΣҲ֪ǲô
Ķ´˼¾ߣȴͻ⴫ֵ춯Ŀһݷ
ϵǣĲǷģʲô̿ͣǡ
үǻǻȥɡ
꣬ġ
һȸֲֹ飬Ҳܸ߰үԼԳɹ
ߣ׼׼͵
ǲ飬ΡԼΣ춯ص˴ߡȻ޷ϣ㷢ȴùܣȻɹ
ף
Ρؿſյ̣һ˲ɫһӲŤͷֺЦô˯
㱧⻰Ӧ㣬ϵĲ˯ҷʲô
Ρգգۣجˣ¡
ʲôã
ڽ߾ͲˡΡûʻЦجζ£֪Ὣҽѵġ
Ҳѵġ
ΡǰϽķһ£βŻعһ飬ô⣿
˵һ֮ˣȻ˵˲
ǺϦһȾ˻ëԼүڳɫЦ֪һᱻϳġ
ȻΡŭ⣬黹ǺµӣֺЦԺү۱ⳳŽ˯

ڶһ磬㿴۹˶ȦΡüû˯ã
Ρ̾˿Ѹܹ֮ů˯á
顪
ΡͨĶͷſ㣬ң
Цܴ𣿡
ΡͷһתһֻҪãֻǴɽлܲһƽԺ
ʱ˵
Ρ˵ʲôȴͻһŮңң
׼ȥģ
һ˵һŤϸ֫
Ұ޳ңĮ֪ҽ˵㴽һĪҪҲҪ
Ҳ
ȻǶȸ֣ҰΧҲǲİɣ
ǹƥȻΣգ㲻ᣬϦЩҲţǾԵİȫЩİ⻰в졣
ȴҲôЭˡ
⽫֧ʲô
ʲô˫һοΡŶһӳȥ棬
һҪƹҲȥ
Ȼ
ƹӣ¾Ͳܲס𣿡
޹ء
ۿһ˺ƺس


30

켫䣬ƥ㶼ͺеˣûСȵĺѩҲǽɡ໢һɽ־͸ҰƵģ֨ҽܡѵóĸҲѧ໢֨ҽеظܡ
Ρ°ͣһȻؿˡ
ð
һ˼ͷСصڸﲻˣͱˡ
Ρ޺޵صɹȥֺõ紷
ϲ
Ρѵû¶Ц⣬һȻ̾ĸ˲ϲأ
һ۵𣿡
Ρһ֣Ҫһ𣿡
úÿš
Ρ𾪵ؿ˵;ȥһ飬ǲˣ
һĪûɡ
ҾˣңŮ˵˼Ѳ¡
˼ҲͦѲµġ
һ㿪һȭѾȥ
ˣȻ˸˽֡ΡޱνʶԼҾŵܣּ˵Ļ̲ס
ƹʲôҪ˵𣿡
겻ãףδ˵עЩĺá
νͷһת֪Ρ˼һСȻʲôү˵һ浭ڣѳ꣬ЩʵҲûʲô
Ρҧһڰ
һʼȻΪνǸˣ
Ρ˼ôԵܻԵطʱ໢ܹһչסν
ⲡƹʲôĵģǽȱ˭򵽵࣡
νЦϴλû乻𣿡
ҿ϶䣡
ϦЦδﳤģϻҲҺȣ
Ҳھģ
ʧҰ˰Ŵһĺյߣ㣬ǻȥ𣿡ű˵һԾԾԵػ˻ȭ
츱ȥΧˡ
һ㶣һ˲üĿһʣɥﲻȥ
㻹Ÿȥʲôȥüȥ㻹Դϻ
밡
һòԶ©֮㣬ȥԱǡ
ã㵽ʱɱְ
ͬ໢һֱʱϦڼð̹¼ܺҰôߣó˴ʳġ
ʳֹһˮҲһֻ©֮㡣
㴫Ѷ츱ߵϻ
š
֪ҵҵģ˭׼
ĲȥŶ𣿡
㵭ΡŶ䣿
ϻˣӦǱˡ֮ѱƼʳѷ͡ŶʽȴС
㴽һҲ˼˵У
ΡüҺݺһҧŶˣ۵Ŀǽ
ȻۣطƤĺá
䣬Ϧ㾪һûֹմӻȺ
ΡЦŶϦæȴʶ˽һֻۡԼĽѡ
Ҳϣҡ
͸Ŀ־Ρ𾪵ؿȥȴֻıӰԼһ˲ͻһޱˡ
һȸ֣ʮ۱ȻȨգƾ־壿
Ρ˼ᣬſͰ͵ץס°ڡ
㣬ҶĺܣȻ϶ֵģ
ֻǶ
ͷۡ
Ϊ֮ǰ໢ô裿¶⣬֪ܿһӲҪΪβʵҾһԣı
ŴԴûͣҶýԳ⣬Ҳ֪ȥҲҶΪ˵û
㡭ֻǡ
̧ͷ˵
һŵ͵һ̧ͷֱ㡣
ϵǣòϲŭݣǡ
˵ĸûܺúý㡣
粵ŵ񣬡㣬ҴˣԺٷ
ȥҩɡ
Ρۿ㣬벻ݼҲ
бۿЦǳģѧĮˣ
Ŷ½𣿡
ңĮǡŶӲ
أ
ң㴹Ӳԣֻܲĳֻ꾫
ΡǸ;⻰Щԣʲôʱˣ
üڲǣ˵ģƻŮƵġ
ࣿƹˣֵøƵأ
ģ
Ρ͵غ󿿣ͨĶŵؿŻЦŵ㡣Ůǵͳöɤƻǵз
ܾ䣡
ǧȷ
ǲãƻŮѵһƻŮ
˵ת뿪Ρз˼
һϲԽ˷ŤͷԼүȴ˫ֽ¶Ķ쵽Ѫ
Ƭ۵ҼǵүǰͬҴʱǵĹﶼǰͺͶͱȻЩ糾ŮӴٱ¶ҲĲƿǡƭҵġ
ΡָƴƭʲôȻġ
ǽֻ˵仰ôˣ
ǶûÿΡ˶ٻҲû
ĮȻ
һϦЦŰԵ£ƹ˵ʲôˣ
Ҳû˵ʲôüЦֻǲңöȥС
ʲôˣ
һۣСӱôࡣ
ҲСˣһҾҪˣ
۾һУһգëû͵ˣ
ؽž˵һĻ

ž֮ɫѰһ̤˻س̵·
ȴͻȻһ¡¡ľԶ
üͷһ壬໢
ǣ
ûã໢һָͬ׳˻طǴ˴δ޵츱ҲǾһ츱ĸ硣
ܵıء
ô¡
ǰѩס˳ɽĵ·
ͷʾ˵
һҽӵķΧɽϵĻѩι̡
Ϊ
ǵģֻɳĳδ˵Ӱ
Ǿĳɷǳˣνѵȸ֡ǵ۾ġ
͵Ӫһȥ
ϦҲʼ°Ρ㣬ϵᷢ£
ҡͷδѣ׼ܸݵӦ⡣
⻰Ρȴǿš
ʽ㣬޶
˵ᣬֽʿѽʮáֺΧ֮ƣΧм䡣
һȻŵģһ
⡭
Ρһˣ
ΡɫһȴҲ֪ⲻǳǿʱЦչҾȴ֮ˡ
Ȼ񱻲ΧѩɽҹĺҲΡԽܵġʱѽ¯СС¯ޣůֲůŵġ
үҪȳȥ˯
Ҳá
㴹鵭ȥ
ɡ
飬ȳȥ鲻鲻Ը뿪Ρŵҡ
ͻȻŮӵΡ͵һָŽԼƵů̲ס̾
ͬʱŮӵͳɤڶ𣺡㣬¯

31

Į䲻ķأĮ£ǾӪڳⲻԶǱȫա
ⳡѩ֮ˣܱǷġĿΪҲֻ֪мΣյġѿ꣬Ҳ١
˯ţ
Ρδ˵ȴѿδʡ
ȲǷ𣬻ۣ
ĬΡɳƵ͵𣬡Ҳû׻
ʹȻܣ˿ȴϲиоͻҵ취κá
ͻ춯ϥֵůΡȵؿȥ

˫ָϥǣصţ
һĵͳɤΡȴһ˿ᡣ
صסеĹڣ뿴
ڰУ֣ţḧŮӵ
Ȼģûаֹϵ˱ͱƹ˹ŮӵУüĿҲǼ١
̫ˣ֡
üͷһȫ֡
ûô֪ѵ˯ŷˣ
û˵ΡŵǲģֻǽԼҷα͵͵ģ
ڵһݣΡ˫һɣٵ
뿪һɲǣԾĻϯһıըȻը
Ρɫɷף˫Ŀʧض۽ǱµϸС˺ۡҲתʱƴСˡ
һ˲ĿƱ˹̵
Ρͷסֱۡ
㡭
ûʲô
Ρ˴
һΪԼˣʹ书ʧԼ
ġ
ڰɫڻ£Ρ߽Ůӵ񣬱ҹɫΪ
֮ûӣΪֻ̣ڿȻΡһһ˲ɫҰ׵˼㣬Ҳδͻ
ֵطҲͬסһ䣬¶үϲĽ
ۿ¡
ɫ糣ָŷ˿ЦŻ˵·Ըֻɱƹӣϡ
һƹĲү嶼δΪҪɱ
ֻǸƹүȻϣӰŷ˿һ٣һЦҲ糱ˮȥ
ҵǣֵϲƹӣͽɱ
ƾô˵
ͫһֳһö۴䳯Ρȥϸ롣
ĵ𣺡֪ֹң⻹˵𣿡
ЦһŻ¾ǻ
˭֪ء
㣬ֺ⣬ϣҪһֱ
⻰һϰʿ͵صͷϦǣҲȫҿ㡣
ֻΡһʱ俴дһŭգ۳۵סֻѺȥϼӿܡ
ɢȥΡſڣ˽
㲻ˡһٺ󲹳кô
֪ˡ
˵ᣬϦҩԱ߻һǣСšһŵš
Ƶģһ֡
˶㲻µģûν໢ܷĵػȥ˯𡣡
һϦʲôڵոδֻϻ˵ҪȥͷıȻȻ
㣺
㣺һ
ϦȻصͷдԣֲ׼д裬ֻǵˡ
εЦһùϦҩ䣬ȥ˯Լ
ץҩͻȻһֻסɻȥΡɴͷΪҩ
㿴ηŵͷá
Ҫ໢һ˯˱
ڵϵҡҷʵŮӱڻƵԽˡ
ΡȴϾΪϣ̫Ŀ
ϸϸҩΡԽ
书ʧƹסĸŵܣʲôûС
ѿΡ
ѿ㿴Լڵģֻڱϸϸ۽ϺҩȻ˻ס
ۡ
üۣۣ
ǡۡҲ֪ôģˣһһۡ
¹ֲ㣬˯ɡ
㴩·׼ţͻȻоסֱקʶҲʹֺֻܿΡͷһһƣ˫˫ڴϡ
üõʲô
Լ˵Ļѵ𣿡
˵Ρů¯á
ƿӸո£ͻȻܵʶһҧ
ġ
ҩ㡭

͵ɿ죬ͻһƬհףðѹδӲϿʼӣգ۱鲼
ͳʮ۱Ǵ󽫾㣬һһǰ͡
㡭㡭ʲô
һĺںڰУһҲҹɫڻ޼ɵ쵽Ѫ
ҡл
͸˵һŮ͵طƵĽͷٷһԡ

ڶ죬໢Ĵɤġһҹȥļȴûиǡ
õ㿴ҲûΡһۣ߳š
Ρ˵Ļϱȫ⡣һ۾û뿪㣬Ůӳȥ޼ɵ졣
һЦ⿴߽һͷˮ
үܺã
ΡһüԴô鲻á
һڴ˵Ρ̧һ󣬡СӼҼұôࡣ
СһӦǡ
ͶʰóȥϦѾ˼硣ŮϸȴȵһڴһĴַܿ쵽Ρǰ
ôأûüƹܺ𣿡
͹֭ڳԺ棬ǵһ⡣޿ƵɢŨȴ˿ˮֱ
ƻΡڴص˵ͷûüھһġ
ܡ
û뵽˵⻰Ĳ飬㡣Ūɶû˵ɣֻ㶵ؿǰ룬ضһü㲻ܡ
ɿһűΡմˡ
ģ
Ϊ
ϵȴ⡣
͵غһ𾪵ؿΡ
ľΡˣ촽Ҳֻζˡ
£һ졣
ʹˣһŵѪɫʧֻǳϵǣɫѿȴҲû˵ʲô߿ˡ
͵͵˷ܵϦԼҵ߹ͻһɫֻй¶һ˿ϲ
ţҲûע⣬ʰú˳ɽ
·ĻѩѱĮϴɾȥ֪
ݽ̸һ˳ͨػصլۡլۡŵԺУվһϵˡ
ô⣿
ͷͬʱڣͬĲ죬ֻл͸Ųá


 32 

ӦcӦöعشְأ֪Ǻ
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˽棬£š
Լ࣬ȴˮ©
㴹ȥֽ̧ӹӦcеšϻ࣬һɨ꣬ɫ̧ʵӳٻؾԭôһȥǾзʲô
˵껹һһΪãǳ¡
Ҳֻкص£ܶĳ֡
㽫ֽպãסһ̡
Ӧcһ׺δ뿪Խͷȥ£
ָΡĮǣͺҵ˱Ҳʧ˫ȡ
ϲ
׼ͷȴͻȻ˵Ļת˸䣬ȴ˻飬ҵĶݲ𻵡
뷣ģ¹ٿɴ͡
һЦһҲܹˣ͵Ƿˣ㽻㡣
¿ʡ
Ӧcŷ뿪һڰĥÿ죬ɵǲҿڣֻڿ֮ίͰ͵߬߬Լү䡣
ŭǱΡ˻һЦĿ֡
Ų˵Ҳгˡ
䣬ΡŮӵĵͳɤ𣺡Ƿ
Ρͷһ򦣬һ޹Ȼһ뷨𣿡
üΡһǣЦοңڷġҶ̫˽⣬д㣬档
˽𣿡
Ρǵ죬ðŵؿڣԸ˽𣿡
̬ȳԣձҪ뾩֪һЩкô
˷ܵʽ㣬߽򣡡
á
˵ʲôأ
Ӧ֪ʲô˵ʲô
͵͵Цһ£Ǿô˵
뷿ڵΡĲֹľƣĹȥ˵򵥣ֻҪһ룬᲻ɵĹȥ
ʱꡭ
磬ĻʹĴɢŲõ⡣Ȼ䣬ҲʵǸһѩףһ۵εĳѩϷɱﱧĵܵܣһƱ׷Ѿߡ
űȱţСԴŮϿź˿ֱ֡
ʽ㣡ʲô
ȥץ񣡡
һ˦ͷͷϵλ㶣죬һβΡΡ뿪ķ٣ֱֱ˺ѩ㡣
ҵĵ°
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һܵһƧСԺ㷽ͣ£СȵĵܵվȣȻһСط˩ϸһӵס
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зţԳƱǡ
һͷ£ץŲˣ
Цһšһ仨Ҳ͵ġ
һ岼úãһ˾һѩŵȸһʼ²ʱȥҲʧʽ㣬ʹȸ𣿡
еģкöŶҪġ
˵ȴɨһȦ
Ҳ̫ˡ
ҪϣߵСѾ߾һСȴǾǼȸչ˳һСѩһ
ڵܽƾһСѩ˵ȸȴҲɹȸߵ¡
ʽ㣡ץˣ

ȥʿ
ѽ
õȸ˵ҪȥݼĸǶ
СĴǳ£֮ҲǹϻʺԼĺӰͰ͵᲻˵ػɶǿɲһĺ⣬ֻܡ
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ǰֱأڽԼһ˦䣬һɵشŷɱȥٴȥѩҵѾһΣ۴٣öΣ¶ܸ˦һɶΪγǰҪôࣿ
һЦʱʱҪθʺۺﾭҲα¸ڣòǼÿġôϲԼĸȻҪѧ
ϲĸ󣬸΢һ㣬ҲϲģÿζҪŵƤĳɹȥĸǰױҲһһ·ȸԾֶһףֻСƵĸ޹ǰ
ǵľ飬ڿ϶ڣȻεؿǴȥ
Ȼա
͵קסţһָסۣһյ֡ССȸϢкС
ټ޹ڣ齱ԵѪӡǵĸʣǵĸ󣬱Ѫ֮ϡ˫𾪵۾ֱֱķ

㽫ͻع˿סңұûܼ֮ͻ㲡صϢϦе֪ʱͷǹ嵽ſڱ۷ӣֻ֧Ϧ㣬Լưܵء
Ρ˰βڣȫǰҲƤ
֮ȫ˸ˣԸϲãϰߡһжˣʲôõĽ㡣
Ŷ˶٣Ρǲǻƹ
ΡĬԡ
ʤʲôһ㣬ֻϣĴҽ㡣
ҵȻᡭֻͻȻоԼЩ䲻㡣
һ䣬Ȼ䲻ϣɿ㻹ͦϲģ㻹
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ڶһ磬һĪΡŶ˵ʲôˣôң
Ρ̧ŮӴ֣һЦ⣬ֻͻȻÿ࿴һۣϲͻһ֡
㴽һ򣬲Ρתɿ췭
һ̤ǰ·֮ƹǸɽһߣһࡣȻгУΡҲʵڵĲᣬ˼ȴûȥòˡ
ڿΰĳţΡ֮̾Ҳ˿ڿǰʱĿһ
ӵòȣˡٷ磬֮ˣ绪뵽һõܺܡһ˿õ΢Цܽӽɵô
ҲֻǴ˵۾ᰵ۾ȻЦůҲƲȥе˿䡣
˭Ѻ֮
壡
ΡŤͷƳϲĵЦݱ͵صɴۡ
ûôЦ


33~35

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ڳãĵһ仰ǣǸȳӾΡ
һ, ϲɫӦǡ
ƹȷȽм, ȴû˵ȳˡ
渡ŭɫǷһĮǾͽܱһѵá
ȷʵȥδô, Ƿˣ
ǻ, ȻɷƾʲôҵĶ
аɫһ, 滹ͦϲȳӵģ
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ʧЦ, ⵹û, ƹƽˮ, ˵ҲŮӻˮۼ֡
̸ⷬȫûΡһǷģ㣬û̬֮ǰ, ¶һ˿ߡ
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֪ǣعԶ֮׼عһ˱µľӣסȥ·
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Ǹô
ֻɶλȸֳֻ֣ʱϳƹӿܳŲȥ
ŵùȥ㴹ӻҲ޷ȵӣΪϦˡ
·ģ
Űﲻæ뿪СһͷĴܡ
үôġ
ʲôæﲻϡ
˵˵үǰ¡
䲻䣬һ㶿㡣
ô˵
͵ҡͷôᣬ˵ģ
ү·⽻ҽҩģκ£ֻҪˣʲô˵
ɤӣ۴㽿ڡ
үֹƹŮаҲƹΪҫĿꡭ
˵˺ܾã˵úϸܷΪү¶ֵóƵġҲδ¶ֻͣţĻУƺܿΡ
˵ΡưΪ丸ʲͣӶﵽĿĶЩṦΰʱ̲סЦһշǷֲѧ˵𣿡
ǰһүЩϵҲô˵ġ
Ǻأˣ
ĬƬ̲żɬүһʱ򣬻ư;ɱ˫ʱ˴ϣò׻صưž䡭
ƭѣʼҶԲ¡ⲻе˱̩Ȼ֮֮еĵܺݺݲĿĲ֡
Ѿܹˣȴ׼ǰѵΪк⣬Ϊ˸Ҫ
䲻ǷףȴΪֿ֪Уθܡ
ү𣿡
ͷ飬ɲóˣٵǣڴҲ塣
ԶԼǡ

ǰεϢҹģ̲һµӴæúȸȥǰӭ
Ͼ뷽ʶһͻȻǾˡ
̲Цⷲڣۺʱȥıȥġ¹١³ս⣬ӭһ¹¡
һ̲֮Ρ
سз¹Աģ˶֪ˣɾ䱾վһ¡̶ŮӿɣȴŮӵ٣Ψһ
޷ְķģǶȸ֣˵Ҳ޿ԲŻᱻ׷
俴һǱķġ
¹ȸˣСġ
ġ
䵽أȫ⣬Цһҵû뵽һҵľȻǵ
ṴǣǲǺɻΪԼͻȻͱΣ
ɻ𣡳㣬˭Ӱľҧֻ벻ͨ㽫֮¸ҲŭֱӴң
Ӧ֪Ǻȥ״㡣
ЦһǸԶСӣһ߼ңûϣʱգͻȻ⡣
ŭЦҲ֣


36

ͻȻŭ⺧÷ĺһ, ȴҲһЦΣں, ں
ں͵رƽģΪ߼Һϵ, ŵؽһ¾, ŲҰ𵴲˶ŽƽϢȴˣһˣ, ΪԼ²ƨɣ
һû鷳£Ҫã
ķɫɷ, ҧǺؿ, Զôӵõ
ЦһʱѾã޴ɲ飬ȷʵỳɿ˭˸Զ, ˭ȵ, ѵʵ𣿡
Цǲֹܰɣѵû˵˵һ£
˵, ֹ˵, ̫ҽ, δ, ˰̺۵Ŀ˿ڡ, Լܺúõе
δ˻㣬ȷʵ㣬óΪҪ˵ز
ΪΣҾظ, ĳһҪһԭ㲻翴𣿡
ʲô
˫һţĽڽ䣬ϵΡ㺦ˣȫˣ
ʱ¿ûô˵ѵ뱨
Цʱδ֮£ұ㲻
ľؿıӰʧߵͷʵϲŭ޳δ¹ϾҲ̡ͬΪŮӣڰܱǵ㡭־塣

̲֮ʱ΢ϻ˹Ϣ˵ү
üͷһϲɫţһ·еΡǰɫɲÿȷʵкתЦøƵģоˡ
ӲôҲˡ
ΡһƳҺòֻ˵𣿡
Ȼء
ΡЦеѵӦ˵Һܵ㣬ҺۣĻ𣿡
һ
ҲֹءȻ˹֪ܲܽķţ
ܡ
Һģǹطһһҹˡ
˴ĮǲͬÿӶеů䲻㡣˵תȥֻһ仰úˡ
ΡŹؽţƵ̾˿˵ôͻȻ̬Ҹоǰˡ
Īʲô̬ȣһֱ𣿡
Ρһۣú˵
뿪뿪Ժű˸ʯ£Ŷͷ૵ΡӵǸÿˡɳ˵з°
νŵһű˿ŵ
ţʲô£
ոա˵ʲô
˵Ļ˵Ρз£ܱ̫ˣԾͬΪʲôͬͻ̫ݣʲô
Լҽ֪νǺҲû˵һ֡
Ϧȫؽһ̣һ֪ӡ
Ҳ֪
νһá
ģʲôô
עѱתƣν͵͵һָմݣȻĳץؼҵġ
ߵȴûˡϦе֪໢ֱ۴ֵĳģžͿһ׷һ߽бӣѾڹüԺһȦ
ϦЦӦþͿ׷Żˡ
˵㵽
໢һ޵ĴɤңңСӣܣؾ˶֪ؼﻹû
ôأȥҴʤ㶼ң
һ˵ĹǴ󽫾ǾȫԱʿĹͣôģ
еһԱ
죡һؼң
أ
һڹɺͳ
ֲͷҰˣǽȻӦôڹ
üëֶ໢һࡣϦνЦҲ̲סЦ
ŷּˣæδڱ㱻ֹûˣ岻ˡһЦ廹Ƿɲꡣ
ҡҡͷȲõ꿩ʱ򣬽žܴסСһ١
ո໢һƲ죬ƭ˭أ׿˵ģʱû
ݺݵһۣȴǻһЦСӲȣۼձȷʵʱࡣ
໢һ֣ȻˣȻֻڽǰŻң
ͷҲ̲ˣ̧ž໢ߣ߱ⲻĳСӣ
ڳߣƹĲү˺
Ĺٻ־壬ɷ佫һض뽫ĳӭšǿ㳤ģϲ
Сӣ̫
𣬺ݺһš
໢ɫ˲˼֣ɲն㿪ɲߣ¹δϱҸ
üͷһ໢Ҳʼˣ
һ֣ⳤ¿϶ûָˡжϱУ
ϲĹˣ
໢Ӻ׺Цûء

˵ʲô
壬໢㻹֪һǰӦòֻΪץؼҰɡ
ɫȷ²ŵµġ
ӹ豭ϦѾͷҲˣǹ֮ûа
Ϧ죬ҲŲҪ뿪¡
ҲԲ뿪硭
塣
ɫһ˼ضЦЦʹˣ¾Ͷˡһгﱸȫֻȵһ£ɵٳٲؾѲɻΪƹү
壬Ƕ⡣
һ㶣˺ðͻȻϵŵؿ㣬˵ʲô
˵Ƕ⣬һ֮ϻʵĶ֡
񣬶֮һЩ˱Գƶ⣬޶⣬㵹Ҳ㲻ϹԿ䡣֪ĶǺʵԳƱʵЦý
ӣǡмƻɻҪִУ
ȻҪ
ֹ£ǵ¶Σգ
ѪҲ׷ѣƵλѾܣŪҪʲô
µ˼ǣ
ϧɱҸĸ󣬶֮λȨȴع£ֶκǲԼΪ˵ǻΪۣΪҪô¡ⲻ
üʱգܾѣֻ뱨
ɶڱ֮£ǳġ
Լʵۡ
뿴⣬ֻΡ롣


37

ɫʱ, λؾƹү˰ɡͬ, ȴֹ͵

ѿ۾, Цһ, 岻ģΡҲȥ, Ҳ֮˻ۿƹү
ҲԸȥĵط
һüո˵Ļʲô˼
Ρ豭һڷšͬ˵ϲ̰, ȴֲմӧҲֹӲԼ, κڮٽԼȴһֱ
νԣֻŸνݴĿģɽΡһ, ϸϸһվȷʵˡ, ֱ񡭡
Ρ²豭ЦҵǾ, Լʵ, 뽫Ǹλá
ǳŮ۵, Ů, ֻҪ㹻ž, пܵϵλ
Ρ֪ʱǱ˵ģϾƹܷһ⣬һЩ˿־ɻжΡó𰸡
ⲻͦõƣµǻλ²ͺ𣡡
ۿһɵֵҸ, Ǻ𣿡
һ㶣𣿡
ǰֿ飬ȻҲζŶϲҵʵۣ׼ŶλԸλأ
⡣
˵ⲻһ²⡣˵ǣһмܵĲ²⡭ǵĶǿٴһЩ
ʮʱ䣬αװԼɹһԼһ˰֮Сһž޴
ʱɻ̲֮ġ
кһ
ҪĹ֮ˣ

ûܹúãԱԶ±ڣ꽫֮ʱ׷ױ䶼㲻ø߹ٴԱ᲻ӿİ
лȨ֡ʵվȨߴıǳ֮һʾ⣬˭ָھжأ
ٳδԭҲһжĵơ
ôˣĪ˭ˣ
Ųɲһ٣ЦҲ˭ˣֻһֱⱼͻȻؾЩİˡ
ǲʽǱ¡
һüӦޣĹĹȻҲ֮ǰ˵
Ӧⶫؽʱǲ̫Щأ
ЦҵҲ߹üˣǲߡ
㣺߻ˣݡ
ǳԴˣ
ȷʵӦ޲߻ҲԸػȴӲҪһ
Ц̾˿ⲻȻЩ˱ڰɡ
һüЩˡ
ЦκԸˡ
һѩʱųһ뿪ӦޱȲüȨ
Ų豭ڿһͣ۵ǰǳˡ
Ӧüͷøɳ
ΪβأⱾϣġ
ձɡ
ŭ⾪֣һ˲֮۵ףҲδȻضǱҲҪȥˡ뿴ζȨ
һἰϱ㸡Ц⣬Ӧĵǡ
һһع㿴ԺʺɫֽһƬϲüӭϦ껹мء
׼㲻֪ƹӼֽģ

ϦУ㿴Ӽ޴½ŵļֽż󷭷ɵΡһգ۵Ĺһµļµļֽͻе
Ĭ˰βŵǰĪǸģ
Ρһ٣εȻǡ
ôô
˵ֻҪǺմߵ¾ûҲġ
Ҳ㣿
Ҿ㡣ΡչмֽЦָͷСˣңǽ
ü˺һҲûСʲôرģ˵Ǿǰɡ
䣬б㱻һƬֽΡϴεů¯ŶˣһٲһС
ü
Ρ˿ڳԽýģȥͷǲǽ軨׷𣿡
ЦһȷʵǱŵġ
ΡգգۣˣӦﾡòǡ
ﾡã
˵
ͬû
ΡԱı飬õشЦ˼żֽת̤ż뿪Ϧ²ϻƹʲôʱϵµĴ
໢ͬ²ðҶġ£
ϦҲͿԣ
һϦ໢һνҶԶϲȥ
һΡԹιǼһء
˭㣡
ͼͬʧܵΡڹҲûʲôλء


38

, ҼҶ˺, ҹҲʼ㻻˷ĺɫ, ȴ
ֳ, ΡȥͲӵү, ԺǸٲά衣ֻǻδ죬ְδ, Ρϸôѡ˸һѪȹ׵װ, ͬΪɫ
ͦÿġ㿴Ρ
Ҳͦÿġ
˵Цݻеһʧ
ƽֻµã⴩һЦ꾫ˡ
׼Ц
Ρ㵣ΪΣ
ûΪʲô, , ҲҪ뿪ߡ
ΡӦ鵹̽, үΣ𣿡
, ԭŸ˵, Ҳ˲, , ⲻ֪ĺѾǵĹ衣ԲֹΡҲСġ
ţиܳ
ȻҲ
Ρʵ֪˼, ΪλҪ빬μ磿
۾Ρֱ˿ò˲ſڣΡҲϲ㣬ҲΪԼ㡭ѾΪҵ㡣
һ˲Ρͷ۽ʹһƬ𡭡û뵽㻹˵Ļ
Ρüһᾡġ
üͷһ壬׼С
ΪΣ
ֻҳҡ
ɺã
򴽶Ρ۵ϲ㻽ҽ
Ρһ㶣Ƴ΢ĶЦǵģ
£Żٶȣڹǰͣ¡ڵϼҼһڼУһƬյǰȴЩӵ¡һѵ˵ĻſĥĥߣҲҵ
ĳ֮ͣʱ˶׵ĺƵģ뽫Ŀת˹ȥҲƹ
μ
һ죬ͷģؾ񡣡˵ŤͷΡ
˼˵һʱ俴ΡȻֽƵϡ
ƹүȷʵǷʣֻϧǸȳӡ
һͷжӣɿ˴磬Ҳֻ̫֡һ굨졪
ô˸
֣
Ԫ͹֮ӣıܡݣԪ͹ΨһĶӶܳ裬һֱ˵²ӡ
ֱĺǳŵúһȻֹŲӵδףͲñƹˣ
δ䣬˿ڹǰȴоĿڰڵɫ̲סȾܡ¿ɲԸ֮ˡ
Ȼһ˲ó޺Хõ֣һ޼Ѫߵɫɷ׵ǰ´ٸҺıӾͲˣ
ҧΡ뿪
Слӣĵܵܡܵõ⾪ž޳۰ݵģһֱֻš
һΡʵ˭
ұܣС¡
˵Ķδ˭
֮Ӷκ裬ǰǻӰ
ǽҲ
Ȼӻͬ鷿ϿΡ
÷ϲ
Ųһ٣ĿȷʵкøС
ǽأ
ЦһҲǸ˼Ͳˡ
أ
üһ˫ֳ࣬ü۴ЦҶû˼֮ˡ
Ρֻ©һġҲ֪ǲǳԴʲô˵ЩмܲסʱҪǲ˳ƶϣԲĺ꾫֮ˡ
Ρ˫һŷ֣ɿ룬㵵գգ۵ҶԽҲǸ˼ء
ͳ֪ܣ
Ťͷ㿴ֶһͨɿȥЦû֪ܵĺ꾫
Ҳ֪ʱϽĴˡ
֮ǰѵӭӵɫɷĩ
ѵΡͬ
Ӧ޻صӦòܡ
Ŀ俴ȥΪβܡ
̽Ρ涾¡
һ㶣ЦֹǸӣǸеĲӣ
ڵǾãȻϵģȴҲʲôˡ
塣
ЦŶ˵ͷ㿴Ρȴ磬ȷʵġ㰲ֵַү
ͻⲻֹΡ𾪣ҲúܡԻĵλԸ񣬲ҲΡװơ
ֱϯҲûͨӦͻȻһƹӵġ
üͷ壺
ӦޣûһţѣϣƹӣΪҿ֦ɢҶ
Ρɫ࣬ҧлġ
ۡȡ
ΡĿⰧԹؿȥ
ãҲЦ˵ţлǲزסЦ
ΡƤЦⲻЦҲعųĻԼӻЩյģԿΪ֦ɢҶ
˵ˣȰԣ˵鲻ֻܲӦҲȲˡ
㿴ΡԽԽԹֹסЦͷһתֵΪ仺ⶾԵĽҩҽҽ֪û˵ⶾûнİ취
Ρɫɲһһ˲ɫ糣ûа취
˵䣬ѵ룬λ翪ʼɫǣһ͸ͻ
͵ҲͨĻ̫ҩùͼߵѩͨ͸ѩ֮ϣĹŮ⾰֮Ѳڶ衣
ÿ궼չֽ꿪õһҲ˲һ䡣ҩ֮ǿ⻨ֻҪ֮бɳܣڼҲǼȺÿӵ顣
Ҳֻ룬ÿֻͳ䣬䣬ضġͬʱڣ볤
ÿʱͻ̲ס̾ƽվ;ֲͣȱѩǡ
һ䣬ҲضǸǻʵ۱¡
ȡŮ̷ŵΡǰ㡣
Ρ̬Щʧ㶵ؿѩ⡭Ǻ
ѩҶеƷ֡
Ρʧȴ飬ֱ㶵ؿѩϲүǲǾ˵ġ
죡
üʲô
ΡЦҲ˵ͨ͸ѩʱΪֻǴԣû뵽ܼʵ
۴ΡηѩĴҲֻдԹ֪ƹ֮ʱε֪

39

˿̵Ŀǲڰ, ۡԲ۵, ˲
©ΡĿһ˲˹ؼ
еѩ, ȴ֪, ¾Ǿƹܵõδֱԡ
Ρüһ䣬Ա֤ûκƹ֮𣿡
üϾԽ, ڴ̣ȷп©֮㡭ƹ˵ԡ

㴽һ, , ǼСǳڡ
Ρ΢һѡȷʵǳе
Ĵ, ˼, ߴͨһЩɫɫˣ׼, Կų, ѹƹ̽û, Ҳȥǣ
ΡƤЦⲻЦҰ𣿡

ұ𣿡

ҡȡΡæһڲˮ¿и, ҭ𣿡
ϸĩرġ
Ρ͵һ, ˵ʲô
򴽵һۣûеڶ顣
ΡѹֲסãҲѹסеյһЩ, ˵һ顣
ûУ

˵ûеڶ飡
ꡪ
ӦϯȴֻԸӦ޴Ҫȥȡһ𣿡
á˵ɿսȭϳصı嶣£λͬĲк֮СȻϵĲ豭Ƶ¡
ꡪ
豭֣»ǡ
˵˲ã˵ˣԺݺĥǻУ˵ôͶֻɫģ
ӦаԸ̣ոΡлͦĵء
ע˵ĵֹšڲ̫ϲˣ㶼ˣ
λ˶Ҳĸ裬䲻ҹؽȴҲ͵͵شšߵע£˶òڣ˶ϰĿˣֻҪ룬ӵ
ɿֵ̧ס죬ۿΡ
ΡŸźҲҭһ£ϧûóѡ
üһ㻹롭
Ρֵһʲô
ĬĬ¸󷽵ȥʱһʳܲܺţһĶ
Ρ𾪵ۣ˿̴еȴ㽫۾ѴҲ͵͵ŵؿһ㣬һΡٿһ㡣
жͬһ仰
³ˣ
ڲ˷ߣüɨһȦ㽫һĿˡҲ滺ѿɫ
ģΡĶ⵽״Ӻζûʲôƹĺ⡭
ļͷǧתֻЦƱ壬ף޽
һƱյ֮ͻһƬȻ֮Ŀȥһŷɫ£ȴ¶Ů롣ЩŮܱСⱩ¶ѵʲôϡ£˻ȻΪ֮ˡ

֮ԶԶ㣬ɵ׻зŵĳ֮ϣĿ֮´ķ裬Ը¼
˿ڣžȹֻЦһֻɨһۣ۵Į㣬ɫѿҲδֹ
˾ǺĿģȻ֪
Ůһϯλ䡣
길ʽ֮ʱ˻ǻѪֱպܶ˲˵ȴǻɲֻȷϣΪѪ
Եܴ
˿Ҳ𾪱˳빴Ůʤûʲô³οٻϵֶŮ
ǱߵĺϷûϳһϷǿʼˡ
Ŀһݣֽ̧סϸ緢˿룬һ߿ΡŮ
˱Ϊǳ˴⣬ȴŮӯأٴηʱ˲ԡ

ŭʹֵ룬ӦߵߡŮӷϷڵָͫһ
ţж
˵治ɫָ⣬δƳѪֱ㱻ץȥָȣü֣ȴָʹ
Ρ˺ݾҧ
㸩ü˿ѪҺѱɫ˿ڣĿӡȻɫΡ𣿡
˵ӣҲΪ
Ρ֣΢жʱϸС˿ڡϣһֱۡ
Ҳ뿴㡣㸩ΡƹΪţΪĿĻӣǸշǷĲ׿Ȼ竣ҵģ
ĿͻȻһͣӶѸ;ҵ
Ρ͵رס㣬ЦշǷǲˣԸҽһܿġ
ɫһƿΡŤͷδĴ̿͡һԣЩŮӦƣۣʵһ߿
ȳֵŮҲͨ̿ͣǡһȸ֣
һᣬ̿Ͱû٣Щȴһ
Ƕ
Ӧ޽üһӦǴ֮̿׵ŮӹȥһŰſĴ̿ͷȥ
籲ƣʧĴ̿ް˶ȥ̬Ŀ겻ţҲ
Ρ
͵תΧŵڶ̿ͣ͵һ͡
ЩŮӹأҲһʱ¡
壡
ǵһæΪһˡ
ɫ˼㣬ȴǳ֡Ƭкд̿ȫδһڡ
ȻǵĿΡǱ»ʡ
ɫߵ̱ڵصǰһѽ͵ذԲ֮ϣ
ǧ谮Ļʽ㣬Ҳʽ㡣ǿ󣬹ĳ谮˸ǡ
ˣ
ҡҲ֪ʡʽ㣬Ĳ֪Ǵ̿ͣǡַˡ
ļַ
ַֽ
ӿת壬иˡ˵Ρ߳һƬǽĴ
ɫͷĲȴδһ֡Ӧ޵ԽΡԽò˳ۡ
ɱá
ҡͷУ᲻ġ
ӦȻʵһֱɻΪΡ
üıŮһĶϲ̨Ұߣˣ
Ķϲ̨Ұ˾ġ
ɫһڣ죡
ǵġ
˶ԳУֻӦ֪ԸȢӵǽем˳ϡ
мԳٻɼɵҲ֡ٲԶ֡                        
лҪ˵ֶʱ䣨

40

ȴΡȥ
˵Ťǰֽ, Ȼδ߳һ㱻ץס
ȥģ
ֽ֡
Ȼȥ, ඾
衭
ȥʶԼ̫Ρһ, ٴοڣҪ, Щ֪̿˭ˡ
˰ΣЭ, ̴ӵⳤַֽ, һ˵ȹѺ󡣡
ǣ
˳, ΡɫѿüڣöҺѣĶٶҲᡭ
Ȼֹ΢, ְ̧˺, ظо΢Ĳ
Ρںʲô
, ϵЩ̿͵, ᰵ, ҺҲ
δõ, 㲻ʧ䡣õ, վ˶㣬ȴһԨһʧȥһյĸоΡܹ˾ǷϹ, ִ޷
ǿȵģµ¡
Ϊ
һ뵽ܻᾭľо̲סؿ־塭
ƺġ
ΡЦˡ
һͣƿΡֱĺҲµģõġ
ֺγأû뵽һӶģԼ

ڹǰͣ£Ϧöһһܳôͻˣȥ½𣿻ǵȻ᣿
ÿ󣬹ﶼһС磬Ϧνнҵ˻ǵĵһͬꡣ໢Ҳһ𣬵ÿζᱻץؼȥûһЩꡭ
Ϧĵ±ƹ³¶ĸװ΢ЦĻʱɿȥǵг𣿡
㵭д̿д̡
Ͻг
üνҲûؼң
ȥˣҴҳ˷ͻˡԺҲһˡ
һüʲô
ƺǺܺƹϵĶ
㿴˳Ժףа׷˴ҴйкҲһץΡ
ҡҡͷ¡
¡ֵ֪Ժҽ
Ρ㵵γԺװŪһŻع󣬡´ˣΪָ˿ڡ඾
⻰һü˼ĳԺף˶ɫ
жˣ
޴󰭡

㿴Ρһ̾һͿɡ
һк󣬳ŵɫ滺Цµ岢
߽ˣԺǻڼһ˫üԽԽҲЩȴֻ䵭ųԺջֲŵô
Ժ׸ɽ˼˺һ᷽ſڣ¿֪Ͻ
ʮǰƹϷС˵ǵ˽ö
ǵģҸ˺Ͻһ涾˵һֹƣΪʳ书ʧʵǽڣɡδȫ֮ǰж߹Σ֮ʱȹѹءһԼ㹻ǿ󣬱ᱩͼɴͬʱҲ˵δɹٶݷ
龪̣үÿζڹŹһ⣿
Ӧˡ˼ܸо֮ʱۺ֮˰æΪѹƣԭҪιʳƳ棬ﵽ޷𣿡
Ժ׺Цܲһ㣬С
ҽĳ¼ҸȫΧˣȻҲδע⵽ѾɫһֱעΡˣҲ֪
ܡ
߲ظЦ⣬Ρڻ
ϴЩʹΡû˵
ΡֳʵԺף֮
Ρᵽɤۣ۲ؽſųԺס
Ժ׸˹豣ڼɽ֮Уؾ庮ƹӵòúҩģֻڼ֮صҩġѩǺʣҩºͣǶԸ˹Ķ²ȴգҲҽ顣
óԺ벻ҩΡĲŷֹ뿪ڵ顣
˵Ժ޽֮ŸʧŶԣΡֻ̬ѵ֪ԼⶾҪʲô
үΪβ߽֮ôʹΪ˽֮
죡
һҧŹؽĴ̽һߵΡǰͻȻ£Ѷģæ飬ƹ̫;ү𣡡
ΡҺʱ˵Ļ
뽫֣ܻãһưܴãʱ̫;үô죡
ѽеŵܣ
㲻𣡡
ôܣΡʱ޿̲ᰣΪʱ𣬶Ӧҵλӣк⡣֮ǰҾԸ
ΡҸԸ㡭
һȸ֣ǵطѰȥãһȥá
һȣܱ֤Σ𣡡
ΡۣһƽϢмſЦڣҲԸκΣա
顪
Ρűƿɫɷף͵ؿ顣
ȷʵϸıֵܷµЩסҡ
ⲽߵΡǰ̧ס˾򤣬ʹĿԼӣΡ֪ԼĶν⣿
Ρ˴һԲ
㴹΢ĽëָĥΡǿľãȥõĵط
˻ǱտڲԣüңҪʲô

ͻȻ˻ס֮ǰԵ˫ֳסκ󱳷վȣδӦϸ۾΢ɡ
ʧ˴ĴЦ졣
ʶ
һԵɫ죬˫͵ס˫ۣȴְͲסشָ͵͵Ϧþʹ󷽶ˣǰվֱֱţ߿͵Ц
˿̵ֻһŽȫԼ׼ʲôġ
ǡڸʲô
о֡
Ҳ֪˶ãΡᴭɿ죬ѵһĴЦŮӴŮӻ촽Цƺл
ֻۿɼٶȴܺ죬͵ת뿪Աʱصˤš
һҡͷԼЦԽõүΪ伫
ҲֻΪΡüɺܾˡ
Ϧһ·Լҵ»صӣ¶ؿһͨһԲ
Ҳǵһοģء
Ҳ֪˶ã㿪ʵΡոڸʲô
װϦ㵵Ҳ֪
֪ǰ˵ǱϲķʽΪʲôͷ
ϦЦһ£~֮׺͸Ů֮׿ɲͬŶ~

һ

Ρⷬͻأľٶȷʵһʱ׷, ɲ໢, ܱƿˡ
ڶ죬һټµˡ
һ, ΡҲ, ҲãֻҪʳΡϵĹƶҪҩ, ͡
һ㶣ƹ֪ҩģ
֪, Ը˵
ĬƬ̷Ϊҩѵ, Ը·գ
⻰ĦȭƵ໢Ϩ˼ҡͷҲȥˡ
˷ӦҲ, ɫһ, ΡʶҲãѵҲҵ
νǲǾý, ֻǴʱ˿, ƹ, һ²ŸΪҪ
δ˵, ˶֪ΪҪʲô
³ֻһ֮ˡ
㻹δ˵, Ϧȿڣ·ģһʳ
ν͵ؿϦɻȴδǰڣֻȸ˺ŽϦһǡ
ô£
Ĵյ໢Ҳ˹, ͷ԰ô£㲻սĵҪ𣿡
Ϧ˶Ǵ
໢۾һɣôͻȻ˰
νϦлüʵʲô˼
֮ҿŵֻΪһİҲԽϦ˵ŴͷסԼ˫磬ҪһǣҪһܰһԼߵǣ
ǣǡ
ǲУϦ͵̧ͷϣ²ԵûʵۡϣǽǾΪЧҲϣԺҲ뿪ֻƹӲһǵµķϵĶע벻£
Ϧ΢ۣܺãҲ
νĬƬ̷
Ϧüһ䣬Ц˵ĻȴźȽСΡ
óƹǸʲôˣк͵һʡţ־ᶨ˿ڣöߵ֡
Ϧ죬ɲֻβȥġ

ģҲûϦǵȥķȥˣҲûˣȥſȥˡ
ô˲סĹٶἸյġÿ⼸һͲҪ棬Ű֮̽Ļ¡Ӧûôˡ
˳뵽ΡҲΡʶתߡǴ󽫾᲻սӣ
ӲֹסԼĲɿһأ
ϦˣҲû˵£֪𣿡
Ҳûʲô£ǡ
ǳȥˡΡһٺֵΪԺټҲ𣿡
Ƕſˡ
ˣΡһЦˣ˵һͺ𣿻
䣬ĹҲЩһΡɻЦߣȥ֪ˡ
ΡӺų˹һȦƵǰͷԶԶ㿴վڹǰһǶŵһŮŮЩ˽ԻмǸ
ЩǸˣȻڹǰ֣
ƳΡŵı飬ЦһҰԣصôӮͨʸϰףɳš
ϰףѵǽԼģ
ȷʵϰף߸˱ɳˣɳ֣ݷ֪Լܻӭ֪Ѷˡ
ΡЦԽһɳȫǸ֡
㴽һԣһҲҲһ֪Ѷˡ
˵ᣬſڵѰ˴룬뿪ȴһӲ׼֡Ҳüһʲô
⻰ΡҲϸϸǸӡ
һģһһȴýϰ֮˲СìܸУǼġ
ƺҲͻˡ
⻰ּһֱӣΡֻһ͵رϲɫЦʣ˭
֮Ӷκ衣
Ȼ𶯣֮Ρоͬʱʢ˵ԶԶ
κͣȻǶϣ
츳ϳҲŰ
һȷʵֻжκ볤䣬ϧƹĲү˺
ǰ˵κȲҶ𣿡
˵ĸ˰׹ȥһۣʱͬգ񲻵һ¶ͨվˣȻǸƹˣߡ
֮ˣȷʵжƹкøеġ
Ƕϣȷʵ䡣
һüȥ㵱ô룿
ô롣Ρüһ䣬һתΣѾҵˡ
⻰ԡ
Ρһͣδԣ
ݵĺ꾫ѵ¶ģһſڣҵĲŶԡ
ŮӵЦݲģüҼ仹ż˿С⡣ʱͬ˿Ƿĵ ǵЦǶһ˵ġ
б˲ʧ
Ρס֣ЦŨԣġ
һߣκ˽ΨһʤˡδԺȥͨ¡
κͷܱһɨȺ֮ңң㣬ҲΡչ¶Цաͫ͵һɬͷ˴ǡ
δˣ²ڸУǳˣҪ
ȷʵڸСκӦ
һͷˮκĿתһҲŤͷȥҲͬʱȥ
£
üȻһ͵̧ͷͼһڷټĴԹ˺ӣøƵȿֺ
סǣ
㰴סΡΣҲδתţǷ͵һƣţԼԽԺǽոպץסȥδҪˤ½ݵΡ
Ҳһк
üŵˣ
Ρգգۣŵˣðοοҡ
ôװŵӣݶˣ
Цһÿ
£δˡ

οҾˣҪУ
ЦһС
ΪΣ
㸩Ρߵûÿ
оͻȻһʹ͵ס䣬ֱӿΡҧǹ𣡡
Ρ֧ЦϲĿɲֹǹҲһء
ݺݵһ۱㿴˶κ裬ʱõĮδұ£
κֻпɬԽ͡
ձֻ㣬ҲΪֻҪܼһ㡣ˣƹүദвʣѹƵļʡ
á𣿡
ɫһκ裬ǶѲǵĺӡ񱾹λͬʵȨĳһƷǴ󽫾бĪҪأ



Ȼʼݱ, Ⱥ빬, κٿ㡣ֻܴӴóϲŭ޳ֶκҲ, û뵽, 𱰡
֮, ˿һ
κ˫ϥһ䣬ȭ¹, 𷣡
𷣵Ҳ, Ҫ£뿪ɡ
£һ𡣡
üηſڣϡ
ڣκƳһΡ, ¡
˵ʲô, 
κ˲ڳ絶Ρһۺ, ⵹
豭һ, ŶκӦкܶ, ɸֱԵֻһ
Ϊβֱ, ɲ˻ǻʼѪ, ѷᣬȻԣҲҳ֡
ң
ʲôҵģɲںѪɺ, Ҷ
ЦһȴδԷԣֻ˵ǣΣ
Ը¡
۾һУ㡾ְأһֻԸɽֺ̣α˻ˮ
κ躬ЦҶμصɽҲ
ҿԸ㣬ȷʵ
Ȼ־š¼̳нɽб֮ˣܵ˴Σ¡
ֻ𣿡ߵκǰκ裬޷õҪġ
ܾûˡ
κĿɳ̰ض㣬һһʣ͸а
˭˵ҵò
㿴ЦһһΪˣû뵽Сʱһװģ𣿡
κ㷢˿û䣬ɵıˡ
Ŀ֣ͻü˿ڵðĲˮȻۿΡ
Ρʼ磬Ǹֻ
ǸǶŶκ˵ģֻûֳ⡣ûûεģһ֣ĺõضԶκʵεõδԸ𽵹ҲԸա
ԸգĮǲһԺӵг𣿡
ֵֹƤһʱյʱ֪г裬ֻΪҸЩߡ
Ϊڻţ
ܻá
ãΪĮǣ
Ҳû̫á
ûãΪβǲɢ
ùܡ
ֻҪԸһ𣿡
㣺
㣺Ŷ
շǷĳʱйģʱ˸κȴ𣬡ػ˶ãҿԵȡ
ɫһ͵೤ޣɿڴС֣Ҳڶϲδֻ֡ñ㳤á
κЦһΣһ¡ҸҲʾ³֮ڽʲôҪҸģܿڡ
˵뿪ǰΡ޺ĥ
κεԣˮĽҲΡΪ裬ᱻƿأǸӲ˽⣬κظ˽⡭
ˣȷʵǸѡ񡣡
Ρ͵Ťͷ
ü֣ͺúûš˵ҩҪʲôҩģƹҲɲҲҲ
ΡЦһתƻ⣺飬佫׹ݣƫ򽫾ŶġΪν㵣ǰⲻأ
ۿһ˳ͷӵǲƫҺŶƫң²ƫҡ
˵Ρ鷿չͼ
Ͼȫ߳פפ֧ȨѵСɼֻҺķսǾҲ޷㾩ɶܣҲȫƿأҲ֪
̧ھλذ£ֻ֪Ҫվƿסҡ
Ҳһ㣬ڸ֮ƶ֡
Цһԣ˵ӣŭúá
ΡһЦҿͼ𣿡
Ц㵱һƽƹʵֻ̽ͼɹԡ
ΡһҭƹҲɽġ
ֱƶ˵ĸɽΡû˵ˣЦɽĲ࣬ͬߵĲࡣ
ΡһĥҰ
۸վɲǰ𣿡δΡ˵ŵͬһҽҵʱ̫ѵõû㡣
Ρëһ£סиӣѵõΪ˷ġ
ң
ȻġΡиȥ̧һЦ⣬ҸҪǣȺˣͲٱʧ˸׽Ļᡣ
һʱͷҲ֪ĻôԼ壿
᲻أǲ֮α۵ýΪˡ
ΡкεĹУͻŭգۼɢ˸߰˰ˣȵҩˣֻеȥ
ȥ
Ҳѩˡ
ΡͷһЦͨ͸Ư
ѩȷʵ󣬿߲ģҲͨ͸ɫֻõȥ
Ρ͵ס֣Ҹϣȥ
ΪΣҲˡ
˵ͷ֮ʹ֮ʹ
㴹ϸϸÿһ硣
Ϊܻӭǵ⵽ʤվ
ΪԼѱü᲻ɴݵһ˼
ĸźܶ˵Ĺģɳ˶뻤סΪڷ絲ˡֻˣ˵ȫȴӲĽıӻԼ΢֮Ϊܷա
΢˷Цеů⡣
Ρǰ£۾Ρľܸġ
Ρ
Ρ˵ҩģҲԹԷãɻı⣿
㴽һִ𣿡
ΡȻʧЦǡ
δȡѩĽڣеȰסֽš
鲻ˣ
ΡԿƵ¶˿ǣ˵Ϧظˣûһ
ҵû±ʣһ̧ſһ˵ͷ⼸ڸʲô
һϢϷ£Ρ
Σַˣ
ͷѽһ
ȥθʲô
֪ͷδ˲֡һٺͷδ˺ˡ
һüûȥ
𷣡
ʲô𷣵ģֲǲ֪Ρˣȥɡ
˵㿴Ρûңµ顣
ΡһܲµʲôģΡɫѻǵطʲôġ
Ц໢Сһֱǿ֮ģҲһֱǸСӲˬܾˣȥ档
Ρɫѿ߳󣬡ģȥǡ

 41 

, һ֮ȴȥԶ, صĴ֮ˡİΣӲ֮ˡԼ, Ҫúһģһ
ֻⰵе, һޡΡɵûһգ̹, գֻûеЩ־塣
вõԤڿʱ, Ρͫһ, ͵ץη֣Ϣű˵顣
ɫҲ̫ÿۿһ̩ȻϦڸʲô
ϦȾѪ, ͷЦ²ʳƹ֮𣿡
Ҳδôʡ
ƹӱϾǴ, ҲʲôֶΡɲʲôֶ, ʲ, ʵóءȻֻܶС
ۺ˼ǴɫΡ
ڷĵֶ¶ܱտڲ, ִֹҩ, ʳ, ֻ취
뵽˴㿪ڵ˼ɣʩΪ
Ρ͵̧ͷŵ
ȫû, Į͸ĲпʱһޣΡоָ̧ץס֣ȴոպñܿһָľ룬ͻ֮Զ
ȻôˣǾҪó
˵תȥΡԭأδͷһۡ
ֱıӰΡҲ㶵ؿ뿪ķһ֮ɫ
Ϧа¶ģǿĽ
˵ţȴδһ֡ЦеƹӿҪÿֶαȲϷģҲֵһġ
˵ϦߵߣߵҪŶ
˫ɽգֻ촽ᶯֻСֻ
㣬Ϧ㡣
֮ǰϵ˿ڶαװɴڿʼġΪүۿҲΪֲбѵΡ
Ӳʲô̵ʹˣ˿Ҳ̡
ĲҽΡĿһҧƽſڣϦҪζҩ֮أǰҲ֮ǡ
֪ϦжͣˣƹҲִ¡
֪ΪλҪˣǰȥҲǡ
²ᣬ޹ص£Σգ²ȥ
㲻𣿡
Ϧ˫һͣģµϵϤս֪һʤɻᵣĵҹ¡
Ȼˡ
ֻҪľ´ǰɽ𺣣ٲԸҲȥȥ
ΡĬƬ̷ΪΣ
ϦüĿһ䣬ȻЦΪҵĵ¡
һԵ£һҲڵ¡
Ρ㶵ؿϦ֪˵Ҳ˵̽

ΡſںϦȥ㣡
ϦЦûõģƹӡ¼Ȼ⣬ͱʾڵõ֮ǰ㡣
⻰˵û㱾֮ˣֻʱˡ
Ρ˫ۣ˵

鷿֮Уʳָĥдҩĵֽţһֻᰴ롣
ȷʵЩҩģѩ꣬Ǻ
ɨ˶ҡҡͷʾԼֻ֪㱣лм־塣
֪
Ȼ񣬽ŴĬһżѿڣ¹١֪
ɫһߵǰ֪ҵӣĪҪ
£ƹӼȲԸ˵ֺαء
󣡡絶ҲҪΪҾϣ
ŭ֮µ㱬ƼҲŵһһ˫һֱ㶵Ŀ㣬ɬ¿֪¹
᲻֪ǵͨգȴڼ֮ֶζҲǡ
¹Դǹ飬һּߡ꣬ߵߵ
ȥ¹ҵ
ҡͷ˼򵥣ֻ¹ʥɽ֮УǵطõˮɱҲšѰֻҪ̤룬̱ᱻ̸ֺԸɽľߣ
ҲѰˡ
ߵĶ֮Ѫ˵Ǿ㶥Ҳ࿹
ȥɡ໢˦˦첲ЦҲ䣡
Ըһͬǰ
Ҽץߣͬһȥ
㿴ųһˣȥд㡣
νüѵȥ
š
ν͵ع£ȥмƻŸոտʼ벻
û˵ھȥ

ֹν²һʱ
뿪ν͵ؿϦȻ˵ΡҲܺãΪҪҩĶ֪
߶ǶҲ࿹ǶҲ࿹
νһ㶣һ໢Ѵֵص԰Ҽǵš
Ϧ۵ʥɽȻΣأɱԸٻ
һߣߵΡУϦ˵ˣ֮ǰ˿ڶαװ֮ʱ֣鲻¡
ΡŤͷ㣬֪Ϧƻ
֪
Ρߵǰ̧䣬֪ɻϦȥˣ
۵ȫֻһУֻѡԼ顣飬иҪ
²ڰ֮𣡡
ġ㸩ֱΡ˫۳Ȼѡһѡ޹ؽҪ
СңΪܡ
Ρ
㿴Ρŭ⣬Ϊֱӡ
䣬㻹ǲҪˡ
Ρνġ
ݹ֮ҲۣɳƣүΪ
֪ΡЦ̰ĵģһʼϣңڻϣġⲻ
ͬ԰㿪ʼΪӪһѱȻѾȫƳһСڣҲֻݵһ˽롣
ǡ𣿡
Ρҡͷֻǡ
ֻ˳ǱĵطϣܽΪȱڹϣ㲻ȥΪա
ϣҲˣҲɹˡֻΡʳҩġ

ڹһ£Ž봺ůڵȴһֱսսĺ´ŭ鲻õĳ¡
峿໢ֱһɨ̨ȴʹҺһ䣬Ĭ뿪ų˳Ϧ½ǣƹӻսء
Ϧ̾԰˼һ仰˵²ЦˣƹҲЦˡ
һνһİǡ
໢һۣ㲻ǻͦƹ𡣡
νüȻˣܿǲֵþȣͲˣ
գϦЦһˣ׼֮õѩĴ㲻û𣿡

 42 

ᵽ, ˲ɵǷĵĸ, ȺŰѼҲһƽ񡣾һƽ, ̶̼ʱ, ӶƷ˶֪ΪţɵҶȴֹΪ
ֶκһ, һϵĸ֣, 簵ߡֻҪ, ԼУҲ˸ԣָվͱ˫ͫ
棬Ѿˣ
Ϧ׵յ, ĵϢͣȥˡ
Զǡ
˱, ʤӦ֧һᡣϦ˵һ, ɵٳΪ, һ, ᲻ᡭ
ᡣ㴽һ, б, û˷ģٳٲǾ·ųٳδ
Ĵ죬̧һյ豭, һ豭ѳɿ顣
ɶԵĶȻҪһС
Щ˷ѸϾǵҲУϣǴ˭
֡
Ϧһ֣
ԡЦʧ٣Ԫ͹ùöὫֵø˲Ȥ𣿡
Ͼǵµġ
ӣóԵͷˡ
ϦȻףͻȻʲôڣ£һ˻ؾġ
֪һ˻ؾġ
˵ؾǰȥĮһȦ
üȥĮǸʲô
ӦǷ֮
üֹϦҪ˵ʲôֱ˵
׼ǲɢһԺг趼ˣ
㾪Ϳһ󣬡
ӦǣȻö˶˵ȥµĵ
Щ
Ϧ֪ô֪
ͻȻ˵ͨ£Ӧá
ʲô
ߵǰ㲻Ӧޣߵļİӡ
Ӧ˺£
ˡ
ʲôʱҲһˣ
Ӧһͷ²ʶ𣿡
Ҹʶ
ЩĮǺü꣬ȴδһ档
ʶЩʲôˣüɨһȦȷʵһеӡ󣬲㱻һȭš
ЩǲɢǺ⣿
˵ջΪ²ϲˡڵ¼ȻϲǳﲻӦֻһˣһǸеˡ
ɫһڣתһ뿴Ӧ޶ЦӦ˻δȢޣҲЩëɡҪ伲ҽЩ̫ҽźá
˵к˽Ӧ޴ȥ븮ԼתһǳɣӦһ㷴Ļᡣ
Ӧޣѵòһɲıѿɫ͸Ŵ㵡
ʳǣ⣬Ų׼ĹŮõͻȻĴЦô̡
ŵɫ˫ϥһ²ġ
üﶼЦֻƳһ۱˰֡
Ůһɥߣȴû뵽ֻǽ˳ڰ뿪
һʱ˴ס
ɵѵòƽϣ𣿡
ǡлл磡
κ¶û˼ܡӦתĻЦһΣӦЦıЦһΡ
ô˵ģ
Ӧޣ
Ӧޣǵġ
ѵõԽԽ֣ˣ
ӦƵµ
һЦͻ糱ˮʾȻϲΡʶ֮󣬵ȷǻһЩɵ׻Ǹƹˡ
ǵĵԸٹƹ
΢ۣԨԹɱңҲӦӰ졣

УüŹǰλӣ˵˾ٵǺ⣿
Ϧ໢ҡͷνҲǽšüëһ˼Ǵ̽ϢɷЩ
ⲻǺ𣿡
üӣĮȴܵ˵ڵĴˣȻΪ´ڽӴ
ĬĬĵϦͿȳĭ໢һ໢ҲֻһĨզˣ
ȡû뵽б㻹ġ
໢۾һɣû꣬˵Ҵ
ʵ
ߵ־Цʲô
ϲԽׯϣ
ͷȥɱ
£
ߣĿ⵭ĮսսˣⲻĮǣǾҲܾĮլԺҵĳ˵ǴǻӦ֪ʲ˵ʲô
˵׼뿪ͻһӿڣĿģСһ롣
סŲ˵
С뾩ţϲ
δֱ㣬ܸܵߣڲɱ֮ԽԽĵʵСȻҲĮʱ͵͵뿪ԺǱ鷿ֻǵȭ£Ŀ־пĺۼ

һҧ֮ǹзֳ֮⣡
̧ͷ
̧ͷ֮µЦݣлķ̡
ǰŮմȨǿŮӣġ
ֻȷʵΡмƣʲô
СԪ
ó֪֡
ҷ
߳˺ԺϦ㼱͵Ҫް
Ϊβأ
ҲСϦһҪƹ𣿡
ΪҪţһüţһҪȥ顣
Ŷ~ϦЦ´Ⱑ~ȥ
ȥ˵
һߣ䲻֪㻽Ԫ޵Ϣȴǿ˹ġһƵܻݣΡүЩгظˣ
ΡƤһг裿
ĮǵЩ
ʹҪʲôĹܵˣҲûϵ
飺
ҧ˵⻰Щ
ԴһҪӻ
Ρ۾һУʲôء
ЦһߵΡ磬үһֱȥҽθպȥô¡
˭˵ȥɫڲغ䣬Ρһӣֲҡ
սͷģָŽȵͷ
ΡһɣڨЦ˵˲˵ˡ
ȴһ䣬Ҫӣôأֻܰү
¿ɲҪˣ
źģ
Ϧ͵һ䲻ô
ǸŵϦûƭҰɣҪгޣ
ϦһĪƭǸԪӦѾڵ·ˡ˵ϦЦȻûүÿҲ
֡Ϧ㣡Ȼȥˣ
ɱȥıӰϦֵüСݡ׼ҸõطϷ

 43 

ү
Ρÿһ, Һء
г
˵ʲô
ɿסϻΡ, и̣װȥ˰ɡ
ΡȺҧߣȥ㣡

Ρ÷ɵĵ㷿ǰſȻͣ, Ų֪òš
Ρ, ڴֵ̧ƿšڳɫ, 飬ȥ
Ԫ㿴ķ򼥷һЦ, ŤͷЦȻ, Ͽһ˲ȴ㵣㶵ؿܿ
һԿԪ뿪㿴ΡƼѿɫһ, ĺõص𣿲ǲ𣿡
Ρ˿Ҳ, ɫһת뿪ȴסֱϵ˴, Ŀԡ
Ůڵ˫Ư, ޵̶, ҪʱеļַС
ۡ
ƺȥ, Ͳ롭
Լ, ҵľҵľ˿ɸģΡѾ߲ˡ
ǽһ˲Ȼ̮Ρ͵رסǰŮ, Ұﲻʲô
ֻߡ
һƹʱѣв£ܶΪǰȥʥɽȻѶҲϣҲ
ƿΡ۾һҪȥһˣɲֻΪ㡣ұװ׵ĸ㣬Уصöࡣ
ΡЦϲ̹ϡڽȣá
ΧЩʲôʵϧΡҲĶսǰŮӡȴͻȻоһʹһ֮Ϯŵؿջָ㡣

ü˵ˣҪֻͬ
ûʲô˼˭ţ
ôΡҲֻһͷԵϣξ֮Сû˵Ļ⵹˵ˡ
´ôǻ£
ߵߣ͵һڴ͵ϦˤŮŻŵվֺõЦš
¡
š
ҡҾ·
š
ϦԴһҲ͵ˡ
´Σ޳ȥ
Ϧͷһţ¿϶᲻ã
㿴᲻á
ϦĿɿڴؿŴǰؽдܴۡˣԱѩϼ˪
Ҫˣҵúú໢ɵӿ϶С
ιҲȢðɣ
ϦۿȥΪεֻ˵ңҲڣ
໢νͬʱֵ̯϶֪ǱӲġ
Ϧôڴȥ˯
ǣ

ڶ컹δ˹ҲûŽ˽̡һһûһµشΡС룬һ֧˼
£̲á
ˡ
аâһṴ
ƫҡ
ϴϣ̤ƫ˸ͷߵسٳҲδҲûȥֻⲽ£һڲˮſڣǺ⣿
¿֪ؾϱĻݷ˿ڰ
֪永Ա࣬㲻ô󰸣ֻǡ㴽߸޵Ц⣬˵˵ֶҲС
ǡǵģ΢û뵽ڻݽ΢Ϊ
֮˶֪ʱ亦˿ڵͬıͷز㣬һС
˲𣿡ḧ룬ЦֶҲſΪٴضܲһأαȥ£
΢΢Ҳ֣ɷҲ޳Թ
޳ԹԹ
һ㶣µ˼ǣ
ˣ·¶Ȼ֮ɫŵˣϣڻǰΪ˵仰ֻǷ·𣿡
˿Ҳйؼɫɷס
֮˷ɢڳһⶼǽ졭ǳ񲿣ȻǹδԪϣ罻㣬лݡöԸıˡ
ƽ㣬ձһ㣬г־⻹зŭ𣬿ɰڳҲֻѹŭΪΡ
Ϊ˽һã
鱻һѿڶҳϣµЩȷɶЩʲôɱ˽̣ΪĿӷ伫񲿹ˣ̲£
˵ĵʹ죬˵б𲻰ҧɴһݣ£
飬ԼĿвȴްĬЦܸⷬ
£
ɱϣ˼ǵãĻʵšֻҪǵ㣬֤֮λᶯ
㶿ΣͻȻͷߵأ΢ǵá
˺ſһ˵൭Բˡ

̧ΡԼ۾ҲҸʵ۹⡣
˵һۣڵǰ㲻ӡ
Ρ޹գۣҷ˵ĸϣʲôӡ
޷֮ʵ޴֮ӵķޡ
ΡͿȣ˵ңֻߣһһ뷨𣿡
ߡ
Ρ¸оˣ߳˳°ڣһۡ

üôֻ׼
ʵĶʳˣĮ˵Ҫǲɢгˣ
һߣ˦ȥֻΡԭɵۡ
ʱϦϢƮ
Щгġ
ʱƮ˻
һױЩ˿µ۾֪涯˻ѵء
ΡûüӦ鵹ȽϦ㣡ˣ
ϦЦͷ˵˼䡭û㣬ǰĳ˿
ϦƮòټˡ
Ρ֧̾ȷʵø
ô
Ͻֿɫ
Ͻ֣һ֣ܿ־ɥܳȥ𣿽ˡ
Ρüһ䣬ȥſԾ֪ˡ
˹ţǣν໢˵ǡνüΡĲˬ˵ůóߡ
˵ͻȻּƽˣֻΪȥ
Ϊβһ𣿡
⼸æء໢һ飬⼦ӱ㣬С
鴹ͷҲǼӡ
ְְףǼ𡣡
໢׳ֱۣͷ˿޷󼰵ߣҲ޻Լ
νڳйһȦǻǰׯ졣
Ρ۾һУˣΪβ׿ڶ˵
νЦģʱҲġ·࣬ĪҪġ
Ҫ˵գΡˬνӣԼҲͦģֻδˡ

 44 

ùȥ䳡, ޻һľ˺̨µϦ
Ρׯ𣿡
, ĻҲȫȥˡ£ҪԺͷ򣿡
һ𳤱һߵǶֻǶ, Ӧ޴Ӳǰȫ, Щľˡľͷ­ըѣŮдŷ׺ݡ
Ψƴ, ſɼǱܣ
ôͻƣҲǵںƹؽһ̡
Ϧɫɷ, ૵ƴ
Цһ, ̨ϦͷֻභӦսѣ˶ְɡ
ϦӦǡ

պȫǽ, н޳, ͳ죬һһҵ̲, ˸׳졣
ô, ȫԪ͹ĶֶˡҪ˵λ󳤹, ǵµ׹ù, ԼҲǸˡ
ʱҲͬ񳤹һսɳ, 䲻£ȴûеǰͱƵþҹӣڵ׸Ǹֱֵǰȥ
·ոնһ˷, ҶӾھʧˣ²ЩΪ˱ŻҶӣ
ɫֵ࣬Ԫ͹
죡ں˵һʲô죡
Ԫ˵Ц̧ǣǿЩֶΣ
Ԫ͡
ѰѹŭᱻŵԪȴǰ㲻壬Ŀⲻܿȥ
ֽȳطر𣡰ѳֳܿŶȴĹ£Ҳˡ㲻̫𣡡
Ԫͣ
Ԫ޾ɫֻЦǱ˵˼߳ŭɱңְĸĸùãУ㿴ж㣡
ɱȻӿ
֪ѳԪͲ֪ʲôһϾͿڲԵӣǰҲ˵˵

лһһ˲ӿɱһʧӰ٣Ц⡣

Ԫ˵Ůӱ緭飬Ҳضð
Ƴһۣϣػͱǰ˵
ԪҧΣЭһ
塭Ԫ͹ùá

ԪͿźһ㣬¶ɥջ֡
Ԫ͹ùΪڴˣ
ֶʧ١
ҵҲ֪£ɾȫѰҲ輸վϢùֵкأ
ǰͱ˲ͬԪǰȫһ׽ȴ˼ɵģ˿̲ڵ鷢ùҡⲻǵ𡣡
ùģҲԸ°æ̽
л
л㵭һ㿴ĮʣһЦ⣬µһޣ忴
Цֻҿ
üȻò֪Ʋ֡
ЦǱ߰ɡ
ԪӿЯȥ
΢ʹ󳤹
Ԫɫ˲£ͷˣ
˵˦ȥ˹ţԪͶ̲סڣԳ֣ɳҲ
졣Ԫֹǻֵĺӣ˼
ɳһֱСʱȫһˡ
ԪҡͷЦֿ֪ڵӣ᲻ڽعС
ܳ谮ЩƤȴҲ˼˶̿Ҳ׽
ҹ
Ԫ͹ҹɫ֣ĵ԰ߵԪͱڴߣֱֱؿɫϡʱĴȣ˵Ҫ͹ùһսǰƯֶµŮޣ˭ܲϲء
Ԫʹ߸Ц⣬һ˲͵ر
˭
ݶµˣԪ͵һ㶣૵һ߻һ߿΢΢һ̧ʲôֽڰա
㴹סԪ͵֣˵ùõӼǼáȻҲˡù᲻ãȴǻ
Ԫͷס֣ϲ㡭㣬Ը⣬ô̱ộù˼ɹùá
棿
棡
Ԫտյģŷ뿪׷ȥ
ùԺǰҪעЩִ磬ĪҪ鷳
ԪվԺУþƽмͻȻ£ӵͬʱ𡪡
жԸ֮⡣
ԪŭԼҷ֪ȴң
ֵ̯ûô˵ӣδ֮ǰ˭Ҹ㡣
Ϊ˵ˣ
Ϊǰ˵ЩϢŵ÷ɱ
Ԫһů뵽йؼȻҲ֣
̾Գʮ꣬ܶܶࡣ
ոֶʲô˼
ֶʧ٣ǳֱʡѸ֪ң㣬Ҫһ֡
Ԫһңȴ᲻ùֺ׽㣬ֻԼҷ
ǲӣ𣡡
ԼݣٿǶӡҡͷһкӱߵ㽿ԡ
ԪҲ֪ʵֻƵֶʧһҪÿ
㲻ѵų𣬺ˣȥ˯ˡ
֪ԼѱĸֻүƢȻһٻ򱻶һ٣ظˮȵ
ֹգз̽˷ӵϢ
ۣ俴׵ķ
ڻݲ˶ã
֪ݵķصꡣ
ꡭЦһ͵ؽҵͷϣֻ꣡˼СŻɾˣ֯ȴ˿δ鵽
ۣһɨŵɫɷףæ̧ͷȴֻıӰõ֡
ְ
ʵְֻЩ߸ϵĹˣ־񡣸˴֮Ϊ÷飬񡭡
˽ֻҪ֮£ֻһʧܣ֮Ҳ֮ˡ
߳ţδֻлظ;бһСײӵĸ̻Ǹ
¡
ллˡ
ǴЦĸ뿪ȴ£ضСϵĺ㡣
ӱϢȥһҪƽв졣
޹ְúú롣
ӿٶȻصУȻ󿴼˵еӦޣɫ˲ʲô
Ӧ޵Щ˲صҲܽڳ
ȻأЦңҷ˸Ĵ
Ӧҡҡͷ⣬û˭ס۾

 45 

֦ͷ, ¹ĺ浹ӳ㵭Ȼɫ, Ҳӳ˼Ϧ
£Ļɱ˵, Լòʲôô, ۷ġ
ʯˮ, žҹУƽԲ, ֺܿ챻ǹ
, ֻǺӦ޲ͬеĲֹģϣǵվλġӦ޵ĿڲҲĺá
Ӧޣڲţ
ϦҲ޷ϵһ
Ц, еĹ, ֮ʱеıҪˡҲطɡ
, һǡ
ָ̧Ϧ, õ, ӦҲҵˡ
ϦĬƬ, Ӧǡ
, ԳעǸ֮ҹ
ֱʺĽ棬Ṵ˳ųȥ, ھмһȸ֣𣿡
Ψһ¶˫΢Уƶ߽Ǳɱ⡣˵ھһȸֻӦޣȻ֣ɹ
սһ䣬ӺϮҪͬʱö̵ϸڷɳǰл֣ɶ˵ǡ
ۺϸ룬㻹ԷһƲŷԾϷ
˰벽ȻѵƷ
Ӧɱңȴⶼ㣿
˵棡
Ʒɱ
ϣȴսתӡ
˺õϷôֻڹء
Ӫھ֮У󵽹ѲС֮ǵĹϽΧڡͳҲлظӪЪϢոԪ͹ֵĽͷöæһ£ոպ۾ֻŵĺ
ʲôԶѧᴦ²ʲôֵС֣
˴ˣ
䲻һţ˯ɢһɶɻͳҲŲЦĸɵӸҺͳ򣿡
֪棬ӦǱһȸ֣ȻҲһ·ͳȸ֡
һȸ֣ͳʶԣϴһǿָߣ
ھʧ˵ͷɴñԴҪһˣ
ҲҿӦ޺ͳֵģɵʱֻǶȣӦֲ֡˸ϵȸ֣ǰۻҵսַ֪һжǿ
Ǻ總֮ҽ泤ÿһδγֶþ޷мܵɱСȻ㵨սľؿųն㿪
ˣ𣿡
ͳСԴô䣡һ˵ô죡
ǡǾͿţ
ͳĵøأôܿţ˽
У书ҲӦƣۡе㣬ܵȴԼϰѧ
ͬһȼֵĶ֣ȻȫҲӦ
ģȷʵõĶ

㿴ްƽմݣоֵǾα
ǲҲɱĻء
㲢ƻʧ֣񣬱Ϳ˶ذ״ؿڡ

һһԾ죬δѧһƱ㽫ֵķѪءҲûֻҰ׷ɫԼҲŭɫࡣ
Ժףһ˵һ߽𣬡ѹΣն
ǡˣ
ѹź˵ʿһٴеȡΧס·𷴿ȴްַ֮⣬Ц
Ǵһеˣȴһ񶼲Ըʩ

죡
ʿ¶ֱ֣ݺݰŴɰĵϡѪģʹȴɾ̧ͷִǰ
Ǹߵˣδͷһۡ

ذδ̵Ҫⶾ
ɫԺֱ˵ǡ
õЩҲ֪Ȼʱ˼ɶҲ𺦡սԼ塭ѩҩĵ
ȥȡѩ
ӦӦǡ
Ժõѩٴ޹ıǵһصҽŮֻһվţһֽ顪
ͷԺ׽ѩ棬
Ժü顪
΢˵п֮ɵȷǣˣҪúõǡ
ҽŮֽȥɴط
ѩԱ޿֮
Ժ̾һ΢
ΪѩԺ̫ҽԺõҩģҲǿŵڶ˾˴˵޴󰭣Իظ
ӵϢ̸ѿɫȴᵽ˼£Ϊβ֣ΪβϦһʱ֪ͨң
㴹ŸԼֱ֣ǻˣֻ¡
д󶯣ΪȥģΪҪɱ㣿
ѵ𣡡̧ͷֱҧȫ֮ɫǽǵɵ˰ɣ
µı飬ֻһۣĿһһۡοڻ԰ɫϣǿȻһģһƵѪ
̧ḧȥ常᲻ɵ常ŵʲôʲôԼȳ׷
ŶأҲֶĻʵۡ
ḧһ٣ʱȥǣظǵúúˡ
ĬĬ뿪һɲһգ۳۵ס
Ҳ

صϣѲԵΡҲڱ˻븮㿴æһŵĹˣڴϲʡµ㡣
һֱ⻹ҫۣǿ˿ˣʱйģ
ΡץסϦɬڣô£
Ϧ۲ǰ˴ɱƹӷģûµġ
£ǣ
˿̿ڣ½ȡѩҩƹҪģȻáֻ˿δ㶯빬˿ڱѸȾŻԡ
ϦʹɫҲδֹֻ˵ץյ
ƹ˵𣡵Ȼֺ͵ֱŤˡ
Ϊ˵ز֪ôϵ¡
ϦƲ죺䲻˵ϲˡ
ϲԳһЦǰֻҪϲкθϵء
쵽ôˣֵֹġ
ֻǡϲǵ۵ս֮ϣҲδܹôصˡ
ܹŶϦڳ𾪵µڽս˲ɥڵİӦþʱµġ
󣺡ΪҴδţ
Ϊ²ôȥ±µģҲٻء˵սܴȥֻһʬǣһǴս
Ϧ˵ɣȴ𺳣սϵһңң㣬ΪˬӢ𡭡
Ρǵĳ¡

 46 

ǵһͷ, ÿΡ
, ѩо棬ûΡҩ
ÿ, ֻ˵ͬĻ
ǵ, ¡
һüų󣬡ôѴ
û, һҸȷҩȸˡ
뿪, ѾҲװȾѪɴ뿪, գ۷ֻʣΡ
Ϊβ
Ůӵ䵭һΡ֪µһжůĴ˿̺һ䣬ţܸоһů˳Ѫ, ѽĿڡ
ΪҲ˵ġ
֮ɫ, ĲۿͷɴʣֹΪ, Ҫȥ, ˳ʾ, ̽һ
ɽ, ȷʵΪõѩ
üȥ, أҪˣ
ΡЦڽоİ𣿡
˭֪ء
޳ΪҲʵڲȱʲôȥ, Ҳֻˡ
Ρ
͵һ㣬ǣ˿ɫһ䣬ƺ߳Ρŵ֣ŵ𣿡
ȻۡסΡջص֣սģ۳һڴ𣿡
Ρգգۣڽϣȷʵ޺ˡ
Ρ
ŭˣΡæģЦϦҸҩ
ѾϺ𡣡
Ρɨ㱻ѪȾؿϦϵԹš
һҧΪ㣡
Ρ޹ҲûϵôӦˣҩɹԼְûɣ˼֡ΡҲûֻۣɻ̧ͷһף
Ůӵð𣬡Ϧ
ΪΣΡŵؿ㷭Ҷ
ַظϦ
ΡЭãȥС
һƿžͿϾԴϦŮһ¶Ȼ˵ı飬ʧҡҡͷŽӹҩƿΡſ˰죬ƻ˷Ϊθܵ㻹ǲԸϿķ֮𣿡
ɵֱۣ㶶Լү
ү俴׷ܵŮӣȴҲŮ˼ġϲģôͱˣ
ӱˣҲֻ˵ĳѣүƤ
Ƥ
Ʋ죬֪Ů֮²ãָһƤ𣿡
԰£
Ρ˼Ƭ̺¶ڱصõЦݡ
ϰ߸ͨ²С
İӦκȣȻŽܶ鷳
ΡݺһգҪ죿

죬丸ΪΡȵҩڷһڷرҩȴȽŪϣɻָ˵򵥣ɷϸ֮ˣδˡ
໢ɵǿ϶еģνѧһɫһʺ˵£ϦԸ¡
ɿһɤӣ
Ϧ߻Цһգֱһ޹ı飬ɵ˻δء
ֻǶֶѡ
ǣǻӰ˿ڡ
ʱ̵ʱδ˼Ӱ졣
Ըƹҩֱ˵~
Ϧģ֪ԼҵⷽƤжౡֻЦҩ˳ȥ

ϦһνѹնŵƹӵĽչʲôԼҸȥ
νŵȰ޳ȥҲܰĳɼҡ
Ϧû뵽νأһƵҪܣ
һ硭
Ҹֲҵ
໢ֺǺǵشչҲһ磬Ҳá
ϻ˭йˣδ磡
νõͷ
һߣ̤Ρš
δúúϢǣ顣
ȥӹҩȴһѽҩ߾ٹͷɵۡ
Ҳܹߵ衭
һܴҪ޳ı飬̲סЦߣ
ҭȱܡ
ҪȥϦο
飿
ˣûá
ߵΡǰӸµ·
˾˵ͽвŮӵĳ档
ΡԼ뷨֣üĿչ֣𣿡
ۿһỹǸΪȥ£ڱ뿪ʱؿ˿ڱǣʶüͷһ塣
伫滺Ρע⵽ˣ
顭


˵һٱ۲Ҳġ
˵ֱӶΡĿȣȥΪỬĴͷһ
Ȼѵ죬ҲůڵģȴȲ
˵̧ͣ¶ͣǰôûô
Ρһ㶣¶Ц⣬ҵ죬һõİ취
ʲ
𾪿һΡʶ
ۡ

˵»ǷʼҩǰĹΪ̱ģСġ
ʹֶ۵ĵ⣬ܽ˱Ʒȥ
һƺҲδ̲ס̧ۿȥ
ֻ亹Ѫɫʧ׵͸۵ʧ˫ϣŨܽëһ˿ѪǴ˿Ψһɫ
УҲģ۵ĽȴҲϲĽ
ֻòĺ꣬Ժһж裬˫ȣ
ʹ㣬˴Ѫ˶ԣʱҽУȴţΡ㲻ǿװģ۱г
ЦԺͳ𣬡޳ҲУҲᳰЦġ
ǡ˵ġ
ԣ˵ġ㴽ṴƵ㣬һԾŶ
ѹֵƺڶֲ̧˺ڷް

һҩ㵹ûʲôΡȴǾƣûķԼ޳۽ǻ飬΢ٵش
ˣֻ֮趨ʱҩС
ΡЦ㴽һ룬лл
㣡
ĶӵıӰΡɫ΢츧ϴǡ
˵Ƥɣʱľٶֺܴ󵨣ֵĺܡ
߽һүֶԽʲôˣ
Ҳ˵Ҫϰ߸ͨ𣿡
ͨ£
Ρص˵㴽¶ѡ
ȻƲͽӡ
Ρüô˵ǵͽأҷˡ
ܵͷתһЦҲֻһˡ
飡
СʲôҲû˵
Уȴ˱ΡĴ¡ϦƵ˳ҩ´ˣƹȺ֮ܲܡϦԶָЦ㶮ġ
סиӣӦްɾз𣬵Ĵ¡
ϦɥҲŶ
ǳĻǳΪ˸·ǹؼʱ̡

 47 

ڶ֮ǰ, Ҫȴ귽ĺ
ѰȥӦ, еعԱ참ݵĵ˿ںûñ㱻, ܺȫȫȳ⵹ùҲȥݵ;б˾, ս
ǡʣ׼Ρȥ, ˳Լܾһûѧһ㡣УûþԶԶ˻ֵĳܡ
ӵҲ, кӿ㹧
˵ͷ, ôˣ
ϵ󰭣ֻǡЩ֡
֣
㿴ֹıЦһ˵ʲôֱ˵ǡ
Ӹɿһǡ̫ˡ
ȥʱ, ϾλүǳĲø㡣صȥԪ͹ֵһ, ȴûϡ
ѧ˾ͺá
˵͵תͷ׼뿪ȴͻǻ
ʽ㣡
ͷ㿴Сȶ÷ɿ쳯, һڼ˵Ŀ顣, ǡ
ҵôôҪų
ʽ㣡
ֱԼ޹˲ſѵ, һк, ޿ʲôӣ
ίͰ°һ, ǰˣʽֻѵǣӲѵ¡
ЦһǶװ, Ƕġ
װװģ
ţԼȥʡ
Ҫ˵ʲôͻȻһΡʶͼӴȳӲȳˣ
ȻͷͰһݺݵԹϱ
ûûСûѧԡ۵Ǹðӽ
ַȥǾ
㣿ڰ֣ٿ
֪ǾѽҲûپֻԥԥصʽҵ𡭡أ
Ρȿڣ˵Ԫ͹ˣȻҪСչˣ㡣
㺬ЦƳһֵۣﲻҪˡ
Ҫ˵գһڵسԪ͹ʱ첻ӦеزģЩ߰¡ͷһޣּѵ⣬ҭűȥСģĽ
бۿΡ۸ͦ˵ģ
Ρգգ޹ֲ˵ﲻҪġ
˼ˣſڱƹķүҲƭң
һ⻰ֱĽ𶹶ŶӦýʲô
ҡͷԽԽͣӬػ
ͷЦûƭ㣬ƭ㣬ߣȥ
ֿ㷭ڴ֡ĳ˭۲أȻڴܺͳͬһƥȴǱĿ֡
ϸһλãֻġ˵Ρ֣
ؿΡΪһƳĥҲֻһ߱صΡЦһ㱳ϡ
ô
ͦãֻ߾ϥǻЩۡ
һۣ
Ρ̲סЦڲˡ
ҪȻءΡ
͵ذϵ֣ñǷЦһҧոһ̴پͷһŤȴδߵĵ΢Ц߽һȡ
ĺ꾫
㻹ûüѾͱ˻סҲ˱Уɨ
ϸ
üûϸ
֪ܣ
ΡƫͷϣüĿ俴ÿ֣Сӱҿ
üëȲ֪ܵģ
޼˵֪ܣ
Ǵ֮ͥ£
ΡЦ˿һĿбӵĻȻ֣ԹԴڳ˭ܿ
һΡĴȫʤֻڳжš
㻹ûûƤ
Ρս˫֣ƤֶҪá
棬а취ޡҲˡ
ȥԪ͹·Ҫ;ֽ֣Ҳ·ַַֻϴ̿һ˱㽫⣬ַδ̫Ӱ죬ճͥСֻǽյȴЩͬ
ֵΧһȦһȦһ·Χˮйͨȫһᣬȴһ졣
Ⱥɢ㿴վַǰŻŮʱһü
Ҳ㣬˲û˸ոֺģСʽ㡣

ݺһŽһŲ̊ף͵ҵĽ
Ůӳ޵Ůû͵
Ůȫһҵǵģ޾ȴסһġ
мޣȴұ¶ֻ˼βȴһתͷȴ˵ûã
ŮûãҲûߵ˶֤
۴ŮһȦ̧ΧˣֻһϺɺߡֵģô֮ȴҪˣ
㴽һ֡ϺһǲýȺգûټ㿴ӦǽǧȥþȫѲˡ
ʽ㲻𣿡
ûա
׷ȥǽǸҵģҲǡҵ
Сʱ򸸻ֻлʺӣ䲻ǣȴҲδ谮ֻĽؿദƽǣֻ㣬żǣͳЩϵС
üͷһȴδͷȥٸ
˼˰
˼˰ЦһΨһãҲЩСҵġ
ᣬǲðɣᣬϧĶ
ϧһЦô֪ұˤġ
Ρһ㶣ʧЦ߻޿ײ롣
߲Ҳǣ
һΡ󣬽߳㲻ģε֪Ԫ͹ùûе£
Ρɫһ͡˵𡣡
˭˵ģ
͡ġ
ǹѾͷǰĵİɡ
ʲôΡЦ˵˵Ǹߣ˳ˡ
͵ס򢣬ҧ˿ɵҹѾ߶ܹҾϦЩѾͷȫȥׯӣ
ΡգգۣϦµЩأ
üҪܰЩҲߡýˡ
ΡЦڽ𣿡
ʽ㣡
¶͵ؿȥ
ԼһʽȫһŵĲίر죬쵽ˡ
Ŷˡ
ʽ㲻ȥҼ𣡡
۴һᣬ㻹浣ﲻҪˡ
Դⶼ쵽Ҳûҡ
ģá
˺ֹǲԪ͹ȥ֣ŶԵõսľһĿֵ֣Զ㡣
Զ㣡𣡡Ԫͺݺݵһ۱Це֣˳ֻ㡣һ߹ԼҶһ߹ԼֶŮ
ôҲû˵Ԫ͵͵ΡߵǲĲаҩøҲԡ
ѹͣλߵüͬʱ

 48 

ɨһΡüԼҹø, , ͵˵𡣡
ⲻǵǾЩҩʲôҴ˽ʮ, һ˿ɲúúò
ʹˣȻǰֵ𡣡
󻹲ͷֲͬģڲ˺ˣ
ۼһͥս, Դϣû, ûա
ûգ
㵱һմڼ𣿡
У
ɿһл, ȸˡ˵ҲԪͷӦ, קΡԭ·ءԪ͹Ρʣˣ
˼ҵҹʲô˵㻵Цһ£Ľ϶ιùôһ١
ˣΪ٣
Ȼԡһ۵ЩѾͷҲֻҺ˵ЩСϢˡ
Խˣ
죬ȥ졣
һѽΡ, , ȥ
صУϦֹסϷʵЦ, һһ׼ȥ, ͻȻʲôܻ, Ԫء
š
ţ
㿴Ρ, Щ߰
ΪŸˣ
Ȼǿ͸ĺ꾫, 㡭Ļ
к꾫ôҲϲ֮˵Ĵģ
סԼ΢ṴȻǱĺ֮, ҵĶʤһ
ȣ
˳ƿΡνʲô£
ǧµѾ뾩
֪
ʿҲѸǰزձ۾
ô죿üһûôͳ콻ء
ΪҪʿ֣
㿴Ρͳ̫ԨΪˣºȥͶЧܲ鵽ȻҲܲ鵽ֻûϡɶ·̫Ԩ뷽ĵ³ҲֱԣƱҪЩѻ
㹴𴽽ǣһıǱƭ
Ρ˼ŵ뽭ʿ̫Ԩᱩ¶
ּڽϺպּҵ˲ʶΪƸ֣书ؼ֣᲻ءֻҪƵóѹ׵ĹҪʿȫֲС̫ԨϾǳ͢ˣȻгͻҲұ̫
ⲻǺܼ𣿡
ü򵥣
ֻųϢ̫Ԩо䱦ְǧɡ䱦书ؼκʿѵĶ
Ц̫Ԩǧ˭ţ
ţֻһͷЩòȻ֮ˡΡ𴽽ǣɷӵϵĲӬӬж٣ȫȥĶжζˡ
£ͷڽҲΪ壬㾭õĴͷǲʧȥǡ
Ǿͽ̫Ԩǵֵųȥ⻰ƽ˸ţɱǰԻԼ뷽跨֤
۴ΡβŵЦҲˣ֮£䲻ڣȷʵ˽⡭ν˵ȥ졣
̫ԨǼصġ
δˡΡܶν񣬵κ֤ݣֻѰоԴЩ˶УδǾԼû޺ۼ
⻰νɫ˼֣ƹӷģҵ
ؿν˦뿪¶쿴Ρν侲Ҳֻ໢ɹù
Ρʼ磬ĺҡ
㿴Ҳϲ
Ҳϲߵκһˡ
ȻʧЦ

Ϣųȥ֮󣬹ȫ¶һ޹صģֻǽֵȫǽ֪ǰ
͹һڲˮ̨νѾˣһΪǻٲ̽һļȶ֣
Ʈȡ
ƮȣȺ޵֮˲һǿǲ֪ٵ书ؼ
Ҳ֪ƮȹּҼãһֱڲ̽֡
ƮȹѲˣ
ǵġ
һ㶺Ц⵹֮ϲǲõ̫ˡ
ô
䡭ȥ
ν㵵ȥ
΢ۣ˵Ʈȹ㲻Ƕ֣ҲǶ֮µһˣѧôܲȥһ
һȥ𣿡
üΡȥ
ȥĵطҶȥֻľ֣ؽҲ˰ɡ
˿ûϲġ
Ρ֣ЦֻҪϲҾ͹ˡҸڽߣѲɻ˭ҺҲɣ
õȷʵû˸ҡ
뾩ͬʱϵֳɼһͷ׵Ҫ̫Ԩһ£
Ȼ֪Ժ⣬ⷢǰⳤܲܡû뵽ȫǾ翹ȵ˻˲ã֪ġ
ţЦ̫Ԩ£вܶҡ
һԾվ֮УĽ档üëϳһ˲֡
δսĳڽҲ˾ģοڻΨһŮһȸ֡
һɨǴһߣѯʵ翹ȹ
Ϸǣ
͢潭£̫ԨΪͳ죬ǳ͢佫֪Ǻ⣿
̫ԨЦ²ɡּҵǵּҵ֣ӵܲǣ
ңйԱƽɻᣬᡣ
һ̸Ҳ΢侲Щһ֣Ϸ֪ƭ͢ɵӵܵϷ򶼼ֻͷһ֪
ͷȫ̫ԨҲδ¹һʱɵؿ˹ȥȴһŰ̺۱鲼ס
㿴Ҳһü
̫ԨԼݣȫԭģˡ
ֻ̫Ԩ𳡣ȫȡ¹Ĳ֪ʲôּҵ
㣡
̧סߣָس͢٣ǸóЩ֤ݲǡ
ּҵ֤ݣҪӴ𣿣
һ˦ޣȼս⣬˵أͱֲɡ
Ϊֿ֮ϷҲֻðˣ
սһһϮɷǣһ⡣һֱǷӿƽΧʮס
ƽ类ɢҲʱΡ˿ֻ㱻ɣжȴûչԼֻؿ˿νˣֻõһĳĬ޷ֻΡ㿴⡭
û𣿡ΡЦƳһֻۣ˴һѡ

 49 

Ҳ֪, л°
ƮȹѾ, Ͼᣬʧ
˶ô, սʱô죿
˲亹Цһ, Ƕųս֮Ͼ޵֣⾩¹ٵְΧ
ֻǵĽְΧ, ĵط޹ؽҪ
󡭡ֵɲ˵
ΡЦ˵Ĳ𣿡
ʱˣңңֵ߽, Ȼ, ֮ˣ˭ǵĳȻھ¹Ϊܲһء
Ρһ㶡
⻰в, ԶҪһ, ĿļȻŶ£Ȩ㲻һˡ
˼һ, ɿ䵽·, Ρ̲ס
, Ǵ, λ಩, ͬʱġ
ү
֣Ҳʱסƣõؿ˹ȥ
Ρɿһ͵û뵽Ʈȹʶ֮ˡ
һ죬𳤱ߵΡǰ, ʶ֮ˣոΪβ˵
һʱûϳ
ûϳ
Ž¡
ˣ
һ߸ų뿴Ρֿ㣬ſڴЦû뵽û뵽ĽķүȻϡ
⻰һ꣬ɫˣ𴽽ǳĽү
Ρ⻰ŵɫºһ߻ŵ㲻Ҫ˵
Ϸ˵ˣĽǼٵİɣٷˣһ㷼İĹǿһŶ
ΡŸҿ㣬ˣ
ˡ
ô
㲻ܿǣҲܿ㡣
ԵĻдŨΡĿڷϲԽüĿڿˡ
ɫ
һߵ˵ſڵû뵽ү£̫ԨϷһҪɱģ
ԱһɨЦһѾˡֶ̬˼ѺãعҲ翹ȣĪһʱ֤ݲǡ
ΡеؾΪýҩ֮ˡ
⵱Ϯ͢Աߡ
˵һ㱻ԴϣĻ壬ʱҲδֿ֮𡣽һʱ嶯ʧ˷ִ磬ءпԭ
翹ڽߣֺͳ͢нֻҪҲʲôΪ˵
׵ȷʵпԭպھ»ЩΪá˵к뿪
ſߣŹվտȴû뵽Ȼһʤ̫ҽԺ֮׵ҽ
εһ룬˴˶ӣ֪ܷǰһţ
Ȼԡ
ǷΡһ̤ͬһΡû뵽ף
ϷܲµҲ벻
ΡΪѿ·
߾óΪȡҩ
룬ȻֲԸˡ
߸һΡԸԸѾˡ
һٴ߼ѾΪȡҩˣ
ǵģҲϣգҡ
㱵Ӧǡ
صӦΪΡ
ȻȡѩϾɼ޴󰭣ֻϸűɻָԹƶҲЩƵЧȷʵӴ
üû
Ϸ򶷵ʵ¿׼Ϊȥʥɽȡҩ
ԡ
£򲻿ɰ
üŹԼǰߣΪβɣ
Եµ书го̵ľ飬ʥɽļգЩ綾ߣԵȷʵ㲻ϱ֮֡
΢΢ףȲǱ֣֮кξ壿
ԵΣյģǻɽ֮˰
ɽ֮ˣѲɻǶ⣿
߿Цǻɽ֮ϷйһԨԴͬʱͻһȣй򡭡һЩֵ˵Ϸѧ֮Ѷ֮ǰ뿪ƹ֮Ҳñ꣬ȴǱ˳ڹաȷǶ⡣
˵Ǿѿɿȶ֣ҵҪԥ֣ɼȻ˲谭ҶҪȥġ
£
˵棬͹ϦͿ͡
˦뿪߿ЦŶΡû뵽һʱƾ㣬ȴǺ
ΡĬƬ̲ŵ𣿡
߿Цҡͷ֮±Ǻڰ
Ρ߳̾Զ૵֪ãɻǡ
ҧҧ֪үɲδֺء
ΡЦƳһۣЩӵǳٰ˵ҶԱ粵Ļˡ
ʵүȻԱ粵
Ҳԣѳʵ֮¶˼棬ԺŸҪ
Ժ󣿡
ûʲôΡЦҡͷ
ֻһ֮ԣٿ
һߣ̫Ԩʵǰ·ܣǱ˹Сɱ翹ȹ̫Ԩ
һδ񣬱
ְּΪ𣬺Ϊռ壬ֻǼŮ֮伣£֪
ͷ̫Ԩ亹ֱð򾲵¹١š
ҼΪԨϵã
¹١ϵá
Ȳϵãδϰּҵ
ŭ֮£̫Ԩŵ˫ϥһͷء
¹Ĳ֪ʲôּҵϰ¹ٻԵɺںеõģ
ģ
¹
ɫͻʵȥɡ
̫Ԩ߳Ц
Ӧüͷһ壬ڵ̫Ԩոͻټһʱҡ
˵ṴЩҵ֤ݣǻ뷽跨ɱңǰ̹أ
Ӧ޳ĬƬٿȴǴǣ̫ԨԨϲ޹ͻȻԣ
ͻȻЦղȡͷɣһ֣ͬһ˫ŮҲǰѾ㹻ˡ
Ʋ²ɺϡ
üڻ˭
²˵
ܲ鵽ȻҲܲ鵽ΪáЦԽãҽ̳ģ˵𣿡
Ӧһ㶣𾪿
֪ԣ֪ܲ
ΪΡ
˵𣿡
ǿнӳ˼Ӧ׵ǵġ
ʲôҲб¡
̫Ԩ˹ϻԼϣżеϴүС뾩뿪ԽԶԽá
ֻһʱһʱֻȫԼһ˫Ůѿ·ӦΪָһ·ҹǰϣȴ˰;·㡣
Ӧ˵ĿڲŲѺһĪǻ̫Ԩһң
ӦҲݶϺ֣ɴһңңƻͨͳ츮
ճ嶯Ըپѧֻúýһ˫Ů
Ҳݶ£⻰Цһ˵ֻú
ԡ
һȥʹּŹ£ּҺѣȪ֮µּͬͬ⣡
ȾѪҲٰɡ
ԡӦޣǶǶӯ֮ˣҴδϹ㡣ûװԼ޹
Ӧ޶㿴˰ΣͻȻЦȷʵ񡣡
һ㶣Цһȥ
ӦĬĬıӰ
Ըϣʵˡ
ҲˣŴδ˼ɡ


 50 

, Ρԡ׼, ͻȻô춯̾ؿȥ, ͬʱڽ, ȴڽɫ崰Ůʱһ㶡
ЦһҽûȥĴ, ȴҵĴˣ
š
Ρһ㶣Ůѵ, ıѲŻع, ʶŮ鲻ԡ͵ƣƿɵŮߡ
鲻𣿡
áŶӦ˵ǰ¡
ΡӦǡ
⣬ҺԽԽ񡭡ΡԼǰ𣿡
Ĭ, Ρƿڣһһ, Ҳ䲻شǰˡ
Ҳ䲻ȥˡ
Ρ̧֣ס뻳еŮ, Ϊ΢ͷһ
ں𣿡
, ĳη, Ǵ󽫾ˡ
ɹȥǻẦڡΡ, սֱ۽Ůӱĸ, ͷૣָо
ӵһҹߣȴǼ˵ڶȥ㷿з̵Ϧ
û
໢ŹǷȥ𣿡
ϦֱӸ໢һȭһ˯, Ҳ˸ŵĺȦ
²µӦ޻ȥ̫Ԩϣͳȥˣ
໢ίͰ͵Լ࣬˰
Ϧŭ㲻ô𣡡
νס˼תϦ𼱣ֻҪ̬ȻûȷӦ޾Ͳᶯֻ֡ƾҲ˲˽
һأ
ǲûõϢ
Ϧ㣬ڳʲôأ
Ϧ͵תһס˫磬㿴û
鱻ͻأٶŵô˰Żع¡үأ˯һžͱүҳˡ˵ͨ죬үȻò豭ң֪û
ⷬϦֹ̲ˣһֹסЦС֪꣬𣿻ñҡ
ӵǰֱӽȥġ
ںǰһүмҵˣҪǿʲôÿġϦ̧첲͵ؼסԴƹӶ֣һ٣
սǵͨ죬֡Ϧ㣡
нҲûã
νɿһϦĳǸˣС
Ϧ֪νʲô˼Ʋ첻мСëûˡ
ˣ
Ŷ~ý㿴~
ۣδ

óüͷø˯ŨҲûע⵽ʲôֵĶֻսֱۣԴ˲䣬ٶƽȡ
ֻΡ˱ſסԼʲô֮£Ѻᰤᡣ
Ҫǲᰤᡭ
ԼЩ²Ǻ
ѵÿ޷ӣĺ޷
һΡָ̽ơ
飡
Ρ˶ΰͷ˫֣ɫֺЦ
۾һУӺҧһڲֱӣù´ϣǰһ䡪
´ΣҾͰǿҧ
Ρɫ΢츧źᣬи̾ввˡ
һһžͿϦֵЦݡ
ʲôأ
ûʲô~Ҫطϴ𣿡
׼ˮԡ
~~ҪҪƹ~
Ϧ
ҿЦģ
Ϧ͵תƵĴߡſΧУ
νɿһת뿪򻹹һͬ꣬˳˾Ȼʲô໢
鲻ãѵô죿ȻǸеˡ
ҪΡ֪Ằԩ˱˯ʲôû

һԡأռһ䣬ƽձڴԡϦ̷Ȼδ͵͵ӻ걻¡
ЩϦô˻ứһӣ͵͵̿üҪ۸Ͻ£̫Ԩһ˫ŮѾǣҪҪ£
ЦһΪҪ£ֲּˣֻҪԸ̫ԨѣĶŮץסƮǰĻָ꣬
Ϧ͵һίͰ͵ټŮӶûġ
Ҳá
ÿη̵ԡҶ¿
ˡ
ôУϦһʳס㣬ֱˣҵ·ƿף
ͷֱֱ̧һˤϦӽԡأҲϴϴ˵Լ·˳ȥ
ӦޣȻʱδͲȥڶΡϾУȻӸҪ
˹죬νüҵ֤ˣЩⷽͣ
ƺ˷ųϢ֪ǲǰĶͷ
˭𣿡
νɻЦһ˭
Ϊʲô
Ϊںǡ̶עעӴڳգֻӦ޽ΨһʴȱǡΪԸ׳һС
Ҳˡ
Ρȥط
νΡɻôҪȥģ
֪ˡ
ϰٺˣϰٺ˸ҹɫһ㣬شֹһڼеСԺǰͣ¡
Ҳÿӳ޵Ļҹɫ˼ֹ졣
ֻɴ³һ֣
Ժڵ˱һѣѾˡ
µľ񣬷ڽҲһƲɵЩʱĵܶԿء
óֻ֣һ˵.ߡ
ǧģͦģϧϲԼ
˵ӻѺȥùӸߵˣͻϡ
Ȼ׼ΡԺ
˼ͷɻôˣ
ͦŶ
ɫһɿһһʱ졭
죿˵ȷʵô룿
㣺
㣺ϡ
ֱתƻ⣬ΡνЦŸϡ
Ҳֻϲ¶Щرı顭
ʲô
˿ӣЩ
ҩ
һüϵã
˶Ǿòҽȴж
á㿪ʼڴһƿһƿطŵΡǰɺҩǼѪõʱСġ
Ρһһ㶵ģðŻعҽЩ𣿡
Цһԣ
ңѰϾҩҲֻЯƿ㹻ô֪ôࣿ
һ£ĿͬȻյһˮЩѡ
˭
㴽һˡ
ΡȻЦ̫Ԩ
˵ͷ߳ԺӺЦͳô˻Ѳӣ㡾ְء
׼к¶ֵ̫Ԩһ¡ôˣΪڴˣ
Ľˣ⼸ֵþð±ÿհңû뵽ҵѡЦͳҲǲ鵽˴˴
ǡǵģŽΧˡ
ʹͳģ˽һѺ͹ٸ
л¡
ã߲͡
㶢̫ԨԶԸּңõıһֶΡΪԼѾ˹ȥȴֻ֪һΡ


 51 

̫ԨҹϮջ, ӦԴ, ŭһɽȫְ
νĻ, Ϧȵȫǿɶ, ⲻԶϱ۰𣿡
໢ĪǱʹҲŪԼ˲𣿡
Ϧݺݰһۣ㲻̫˳𣡡
š໢ͷһỹĪ, ˳𣿡
Ϧòνǿÿһ, ֻŲһԵ㡣
üͷ, ָ˼ʶ룬ʲô
νҲûֻͨ, Ҫǵ˶𣿡
²Ҫٹˡ
νɻ, ˣ
㣺ǲ֣ύ
ν˼Ƭ̲ŵΪϴζκ˵Ļ
ҡҡͷ, , ֻбһ׷Ŷ
ϴζκ衭
, һǶκ, ˵ĻܲӦǱ̽ҵ˼, ƾһ֮Ŷ˳Ȩ
νףס
ȷϣҲе㳬ϡδֱӽ, ˶κΪͳ죬һǶκ
Ϊ˷ֹĳҳԷɴףһǰݼĶκ衣
ʲô
κԽһֱ㣬һ˿ⶼδָΡ˿Ҳ̽ܣŮۣ׿Խʢµѷɫǡ
˲£ҲƴǺ⣬㾿˵ʲô
һֻԸֱ֧£
ͷŭ˲ԭ͵վ𣬿ͻȻıһưˮЩ侲ֽӵսġ
ң
κ˽յֲŵǡ
֪Ļλֻ¡
֮⣬¹ˡ
ΡۿŶκ뿪׿Цôҵġ
ΪΣ
ΡЦ̧˽յ֣ⲻǴ̼𣿡
ЦһֻжŮ鳤֮ˡ
˽
Ҹ˽㡭˵Ÿ
ү
Ρ͵Ťͷ飬鱻ԼүĿ±һ˲úҩˡ
ɿ֣ȥҩ

Цһһ֪㣿ֻҪǰͺſ಻ʵҩ
ΡٰҲס뿪Ĳֻ뿪ŭ飬´ôզզҾͰͻƹȥ

תļƻ˳У㿴ȾԼɫİͼгɾ͸ʢʮŬֻΪ񡣿ǰԤ룬˿˺ˡ֪ͨеˣðȫߣԼҲʱһһ졣
̬ɺƣв
ôˣ
νȷʵḻҲΪںԶʤ丸˫Ӯһֱڽ֡
˼⻼辡紦
ȥ³Ѳһꡣ
ȻʱԣҲûڡ
ǽ㣿
ڵϻʵۿ첡ˣں֮Ѿʣһƫسãһƫؾ£ƾСЦҹһ䣬ںҪ߳һһֱԴҲһʤΪλשߡ
νȻЦһܡ
㴹ؿڣҽض֮ƣҲҵһα֮գ꣬ʱȥˡ
Ǿ
ǼϾ
ó˾òյĹߣЦǼһﲻҵǾ𡣡
֮ǰΡΪȥҲԸֿʵΪⲡ벻
䣬ȴҲȡһᳵӣһ·ûձ㵽һ򣬿ڿջͶޡ
¸մӷ飬ô
ү˵Լû£ҿЩȥЩҩ
ȥɡ
㿴¥ƿţ巿оʱ˲侪õɴۣ͵ת׼뿪ΡҲһһŲȿա
Ҫתס˻Ρ
Ŵơ
񡭡
Ҳ֪ǱѬĻǱģ΢ۣɿСЩ
˵뿪ȴסڶЦ֪
ʲô
֪ҼǵѾ̹ˣҪٽһ顣
㣺
㣺󲻴ϧʵ
˵㽫֪ǱŴΡƻԡͰһüתߣһѹֵƺߡ
ûꡭ
ϲͷĽȴʶͷ鿴ָֻڷ׵ץԡͰƯѾѪɫȫޣŵ񡭡ʱˡ
˵¡
ͫһһӣһֽϡ
ҩƲţһµڷվһᣬе봳Ŷ롣ɼոԼ豭ͷıҾԥһȥ
໢ȥ㷿ȷ˲ڣִΡǰһ²ءǽǡ
ɵۣ࡭磬ⲻ̫ðɣϾŮӡ
໢һԴ˽ǹˡǲ̫á˵ԴͰһȭ֪طŭͷμˣҴǲǣ
νЦҴŶԣǽǵİǸ˭ѧģ
˭
໢ҲͬʱڣǸǺѧģ

㲻һƫҪ
硭߰ɡ
ִ䣬ڴһУһЩžʹȴ̲ס.Ϣһʱûŵסе޴˼
˵߰ɡ
һ˵·á
߰ɡ
ǽǡ
оúܲҡ
Ƭ̴ôүڽУ
Ǻ񣬾ǣ໢ֺǺǵס飬ǽֹƽգⴲҲͣ
νʶͬص˵ͷתͷֺҡ
໢ѵøõҲסνļ磬Ѿˣһʱ~
νư͵ͬ⣬ҲȻȻԽԽᣬԴʵǸҲôʹ𣿡
νҲü˼ǣɵֻ˵Ůӻʹ
໢ǽ϶ŮӲͬ
νʲôͬ
໢˵ô£
νĬƬ̲ŵ֪
໢ЦͯӼ
νЦ㲻𣿡
ۿһԲҪһ߰ľŵסһ¡
˵ΡܷѶʱӲŲг¡ôʹ𣿣
˾͸ƵĴſڣֱ߳Żعȵʵүأ
ιȥˡ
ͬʱˣ

 52 

˴ķӦҲһͷˮ, üιȥ˲Ǻ, ÿζ
뿪ν໢ͬһÿ, ٴжǽԵľ塣е, ˷УϸΪΡϺ, ͨصҪʲôֵĶ
ֱڶҪʱΡһ۾Ϳһֹ֪ü˵ʲô˵
黹ԥһźʵү͹»ʹ𣿡
Ρһ, ðſڣ
졭ү, үһֱеúʹӡ
ͻը죬бըһƬհסΡʶس㶼ˣ
δҲˣǡҲʡ
ν໢
Ρ͵ؽ뱻, ԲӸۿɼٶȷɿ鲼ȫ, 䶼糺һƬڱﰵĥ㣡
һֱյ, ˵, ۱г, ʶ塭

үҲؾö, Ͼйƶ, ֳо̣Ȼá
ô£Ǹ
ⲻ֪Լһ߳ŭģʵûʲô˵ոձڱ˲ˮñʵʵ֮ˡ
Ƿܵص˵ͷ, ЩɣӦ׼óˡ
飡
үǽ͹滻
͹ģ
˵ǽѡģ
Ŷ
һźΡһипԴʶ֮үСԽԽöԸˡ
Ρڳ֮ν±
ҾŵһıȻظ˵ʲôҪӺǽ

һǣ׼ȴΡһһɵصĪ㽫໢ԼԾʵôˣ
ΡĲ˵
㿴źЦִ˴ӣ岻
ǲ˵ֻ飬ôˣ
졭ҲСڷˣүǺء
ǳֵûν໢ճʱ򿴼ˣֻû׼𱸣ҲûʲôҪĵط
ΡѣǡһֱҲҪ̡
ϲг
һɫ˵֮ԣΡŵĿɿڴŮЦŵ´ס죬ֻ¶һֻˡ
Ρɫؿ˵뿪
ûкȾƣ
ûоζ
ԭˡΡһʶԡ
ɲǻᷢƷģ˵ĻǵҲ滰
Ŷ𡭡
үүôѪˣ
̫̼ˣеϻ𡣡
֮˼գһ̤߳ǡƫߣɽǿɹԭǺƵ֮أҲ㳣ĵط⣬ȴϵգսʱʱ˶֡
߳ǰգǱȾ˸ߵˡⲻһ˸ոսǾкܶѶ
еӭҲӭ߸ŵһ人ӡ
ˣ𣡡
ûûء
ǸȢ׵ˣܼ¡
ˡ
໢ƣӦһѴһӹһСĲˣεյˣؼȥɡ
һӵ£ƺõ⣬·ϳ԰ɡ
һϸЦקˣɱһͷ²յģؼҰɡ
һİնߵȰסԸ鷳ؽɢȥ໢ֻñȴ̻ۣؿһȻԵõνҧҲûףô㣡
νһҳˡ
ʲôʱ򣿣
Ҹҳˡ
໢˼ˣŭƭӣ
Ҳûã˵Լ˾˵ҶǵĹ⡣
໢ȻŶ
νЦɵӡ
˵ĴУ㿴ӭı֪߳ЦǶò
֪ʩ񣬡£йѴɨɾƼݡ
üҴ˴ֻͣһձ
֪Ц¹ٷԸǺܶ½ԷȥɨģصҲ̹һ⡣
Цһ߰ɡ
еΡǰǰ۵ףйǰȥʣҲ˵泤ǰ֪޲ԡ
Ρɫ
䣬ã˿ɼ
ɫѿСʵ𣿡
ΡЦҡҡͷҡ
ͷ֪סصй㿴飬һļǵܣҲüȥ
үˣ
£
Ρÿȥ
ɫͦѿģȻǲ
ΡץסŮ°ֵ֣߳ǡаգǾνϼ飬λʵȨ󳼡
ʶΡ˵£Ҳջ֣Աһǡ
ŮԵλμŮۣ˲ųŮΪۡ
ǡ
ѪͳգȻʵӣףɼλʮ꣬ʵҲʵ
ɫձ䣬ȴδΡֻ΢缸飬¶âɱ֮Ժܵûʵۡ
Ժ£ΡͻȻؾ췴ҲվߣôȨ
㿴ЦҾͲԼһ𣿡
𣿡
Ρǰ鷢ᣬŶɻᵱܾõĿܻʵۣҲôãҲԼɵڶ
̫ԨһҲմȨ̫ã
Ρ͵סḧ֣ô
⻰ѯʣʣѾû˸ˣ
໢ңνҲҡ
ΪǲֹҲ
ЦϦӦҲ룬δʳڣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪΣ
Ϊ֪Ҳش𡣡
Ρҧ㲻һش𣡡
ǲңǲ֪ôشȻ׼֣޳϶Ժ󣬸οܶ¶֮Уȴ֮⣬ܿ϶ظһ㡭
ָ̧֣Ӻڷ΢΢ͷھ࣬Ц⿪ڣȴǺڲ׵Ļް
Ρ벻ңҲ뿪㡣
һֻ꣬թĶҵ϶ӳ޹Ȼδζ²Ĵȥҡˣ㽫͵еֻȸһС
кڣȴҲûһֻ
ֻƯĺԼģ㲻ӡ

 53 

뿪, һ
ȵȣ
ʲô
ͷһ, ͵طſΡתӡ˼֮±סץһ˵ΡС
ΡҵƺһЦȴԽŨ, ִŽթ, ͵ɹĺꡣ
Ҳ뿪
ѷٴαŨصĺ㹴𴽽, ˵ġ
һΪڵŵ
ûֱΡЪ£˵;Ͷ, ͽľ, ȻԼô˵ûϵҲһ̡
ڶԭƻһȴļס˽Ų㱾ǣǻգȴ롭
㡭˵һ飿
νҲһ˼֮ɫ, ɤܽ˸ոտϢ, Ͷͣʹǰ, ˵
ʹ˭ӣ
ں
˭ͶĽ
ں
ȷǽˮ˻Ǳ¿ˣ
ҪҲǱ߰, ¿
ȻҲֱ໢һš
պصصڴ˵ȷʵʹ, 㿴ںĵһ仰Ҳǡ
ӽˮ˻Ǳ¿ˡ
ռ, ۾޵ںһ佱Ļ˺, ڴɿһûˮҲû¿ߡ
ΪͶ
ںΪڵóĻӣţȻս, ҲֻθΪߴ׳ɹһͭɫƤ信ʣǼġ
ڳ̣߳ЩĴ϶Ҳ໢һԼʶĹˣڵҲˣĿŵһߴںһƷͷ㡣
ںɨһȦ㣬˵

νĬں㣬˻̬֮ںսಫΣò
ںȫǵճԹһ㣬ļߵߡ
νþò
ν㡣
Ҳ㰡ÿˣˣҪһأҰµģǲǸñҰ
ںЦеؽָĿڵĽƿһСæ㡭̧̧°ʾǰ㣬
ûеڶǴ󽫾ҲûеڶŮһȸ֡
ںձðЩС°ͣ૵ǰ
йµƫںƨƨߵ˸λſڱ˾ɫʲô߰ȻһͽеͶ̫ܣҵҲǰĲɱǣ
˵գգտ۾Ƿġ
ƫΧסʿУʾ˻ȥ
ںһЦںһ㶵һЦԷ顭ιôͻȻִ˰
ֵڻˣνֻǰһվ˴ڣλ˼С
дʹ
дνЦƹʹʱŶûܽλд𣿡
̫
˻ûܴΪڻѾ˽£Ūһɫѿزҳ֡ںûŶֻ𾪵һƷˣ
š
ף
һ߿׻˵ʲô
С꣡ͻһȾˣȻѾһˣں˵ۣ㲻ഺפŰɡ
ںɫһСذεָСôÿҲûϵ˵Ȣ˸ƹүȢҰɣ
ΣյۣںҶ𣿡
ںЦһĳȥûʲô壬ɺܺ档ҴδȻ̸
Ҳû뵽ӾȻᱻ¿ߡ
ںͿһ£Ц治Ǳ¿ߣܷסƹ̽ӣɷסڵġ
鷳ļһ
ô𣬺ôҲమɱôˡ
ɱҳϣమǡ
ɫȷʵమһ
Ȳ˵ˡ
ںЦסߵ㣬ͶΪõϢ
һüң
ںü۴Цս㣬ڻְѳֳɵں󷽸ʹӣҪҿɲ븹ܵС
մȥˣ
ͽĹɳ֮𣿡ںȾīɫͳҹػӾаɡ
㴽һǰв֮
ҲڸҲɵλֻ
ЦΪҪ
Ҵ˼ڹ׼׸
˼ЦôýһҪæ
ǲ˽ˡںЦ㷢˿սǼ⣬һ˫տգӳӰ̾Ϣ޷ʱĪڴ֮ϣȹ¡
ĬĬԼͷޱࡣ
ںĿɿڴؿ뿪ˣšȷʵûϴ֡
һ⻰Ųּӿ˼֣ںţôҰɣ
ԡϣ׼ȥΡ̤ԺӾͿԼѹǽǡ
˴ǾںȴֱŮѾһȫֱɻǱȲӵͷ˳
ںЦΡһƺڷսǼᣬ㡣
Ρ̲ס鴤һ˼ֵļһ˭һ롰ȡԼͷȴһס󣬴źָ⻹ĥ䡣
ϸÿĪŮװĹ
Ρǳ鴤øˣӽҧ䴫ˡ
Ҳţȷһ¡
Ρ
Ρס֡
㽫½󳨵ΡȻ߸ոձһȭµںÿһ¶ȫӵ׼
ĴԼһӵŮҲҵ⣬ֵǰǸʲô
£
νסŮ
Ҳû׼İɱˣߵñ׻ס˽š
ں˿бҪô𡭡Ů
ŭҵ
еİ
ݺһŽں߷ɽǽǲΡݡ
ںֱǽסðŰӵѣĥ°ôÿеŶ
֪ԼһԵŮ˿Ҳǰֱ̾ںĻһ濴
ںЦõĶ˭Ҫ
νޱ鸩ںһȥ
ٸ˵仰
ʣνظһȥ
ںһ֪ӦôԸġ


 54 

, ȡʪëһΡ󡣸ոʰҩ, ֪ͷʲôȻһµؿŽү, ڽү졭

һھͱΡ, óȥֹֻ˿һõΡȻͷɥضҩҩ뿪
ŲͻȻһ, ͨ˿ë˻ȥ
ԺǸණԶ㡣
ණ˭
ں
Ρգգ޹ֲҿ, ͻȻ, Ӧò֡
ʱһ໢㡣
Ҹڽ߲ˣ
ҲԡͰҷ䡣
Ρһ㶣ϲӦˣ
Ǽһƶˣ໢Ƿסġ
ΡջظոںĻ޲ȥлһȻͬҲʲôǡ

ȥ, Ȼ췵ؾ, һҲ·ںǸֵģ뷽跨ԽػΡ, Ҳ
ЬٴںܽӴ, һнںȥ
ЩѾֲ, ˵ν, ԼǵĻЩֱӡ
Ůһ۵ظں˿, ִ򲻹αء
㲻ϳһʲôܣ
Ůޱū澴ˣֻһúܺÿĲӺ̡
أ
Ϊܸ
ҾͲһֱӮ㡣
Ӯ, ǰǲɱ𣿡
¡ںڰ̾Ҿͺڣ˵ô˵һ˵ʱҪ˿ô졭
ںն㿪ļʸųһ亹ųֹվϵ㺰ʲôʱҲϲˡ
ЦⲻǸѧ𡣡˵
ڵΡ飬˵ʲô
ԥƬ̲ŵ˵ǰ㱻ںɱˡ
Ρһ˲һָֻ糣óһСƿ߳΢ЦͿϣѪ
һüӹ
ںһŵ亹ֱð߶µǷְ̫

Ρͬʱ仰˳˳ëһһ˹һû˶ҩ
ںɻԼϣٺشת۽ӹŮܺϸϸ֣տеľת¡
Ů߷Ը䣬Ŀ񾲴ǡ
պ󡪡
ͷܶΪ˼ӣҲΪ˼ͷŵͶĳ¡
ںĶԻδй¶ⲢΪͶϸɣ˵ײҲ˵֮С
ӭʹʵ۳棬лظֱʱŴΡ빬Ⲣ磬Բֹлףٹٶ룬ҲǺܶ˵һμΡ̲סϸϸһЩŮӡ
ɫѿΡǰһߡ
ϯ䣬һɴŮ˫ĿԹ㣬Ϊ˸û뵽˿ʣƾʲôô
㵱뺦ʽ㣬ȴԼøݵ³㸸ף֪ȡѵ𣡡
ŮӾһĲˮ㲻Ҳ𣡡
ŷ˿ЦȷʵϲϾȻʵŮҵĻʽ㣬㲻մЩѪˣʲôʸ˵

ĺŮƨߵߵ˹ȥǰһ߷ߣ
úţǰۡ
²ĹĵôͶˣ
۴սϴڻǰ蹴ԼĻ壬𣡡
ŵһ󲻷˭֪ǲһ壡
ȻԪ͹ùҲü˹ֻĹĵر졣
ʱڴ볡һɴŮģŲӯƷ軨꣬еζƮ롣
ЩŮķԺɴ׺趯Ӱּ䣬Ů͵֫ϸۣ֪λ˶˵ۡ¶ѣЩĿŵ
Ƕ֪Ů׸ģδ֮⣬ĴŮӶͬ³ЩŮֲڹɲǻǡ
²Ů趯һҿɴȻе߻һҿɴŮϡ
ɫɴƮ䣬˾֮࣬𾪵ʶ㷽һۡ
ѿ˼㣬ɱˣѾЦõںɱǧٴˡ
ῴɫĻһɻáͻʽ񰡡
Ҳһģһ֮˿ɱȣɿźͳļŮȻֵķ赸о֮໹ǿƲסҡҷ
ŮɫҲץסߡ
Կ˫īĮǶ²мһˡֻŮǴδü¡
쳣ԽԽ˵ƣڳп־岻ϼ
Щºܶﶼв²⣬ɾΪһ˵ڣǾɱ֮
ĿУںԽڶһŮΪ١棬׸
һá
һյ豭̻ΪӷۣŰҲظ֨ѽҡҡ׹һȸֿھţΡ
ȻΣΪδΡ
Ԫѽɪɪֻ󣬵ǵؿȴ˵Ρʱֹı
ɱ𣿡
Ц԰׵ɫȻһ˼侲ֻѿ
Ǹ
衭
ͻȻŮ뻳УΡʧ
㽫Ρ࣬ЦʢģҲġ
ΡȻʧЦģ
ƿüҲ֪˭콫ҵů¯ãŹƽ𣿡
ŴԪ͹ùԼλϣ˵Իʽ϶вͼ
Ԫȵ
Ҳ֪ʧԣҿͷȲ衣
ոй𾪲ʧǣѾǺ޶ݣ俴̷ŮȻں
ոպþͶߣЦһһ佱ı顭

佱
ԴǱ齵ĴԺݺںһƹţҲûܿںŮ

컹ǣģǻġ
Ů·
Ͽ˵ķӦϵƵ·䵽³ֻ˵ˡ


 55 

ںһʹ, Ⲣ֮, һ۱֧Цſ㣬һΪὫҰء
Ȼط±׼ںĲ豭, ΪҪ, 򲻹ңҲ벻
Ǻα, ֱ˴Źһġ
һü, ͺܵһ١
ںЦҪ˶١ɱ, ²𣿡
ǸŮģ
ҴڴŮȻʵѵĴ̿͡ںü֮ͨ, ϧ޷ȫԭò, Ѿˡ
Ϊˡ
Ĳ֪ǲԸ˽ء
ںҡͷԵ߽㣬һѰס, ɴŲЦ, ȴǳԵ̽, Ҫһαװ
̽Ӷܴ᲻֪ǲԸɡԸ֪˶ڻѪͳ, ΪͬĸףԸȥԼĳ谮ӺζԸֶ, Ϊﻹǽ常
սţνһ嶯ֱɱں
ȻĬúЦ, Ըȥҵĳ谮Ӻζ
ѵ𣿡
ںĺڷȾŨīްѲ⡣
ǲǡе̫СˣսôԸ𣿡
һᣬں˲ѿ
ǰŮսÿһ¶ÿһһķ򡭡
֮䣬ʱŰꡭ㲽ΪӪֻΪ谮
ԣΪʱһûЦԼķ˿ÿһ˵ÿһ仰ֻһĿģǻȡΡ
ںΣͻȻЦһض棬֪̾Ϊʲôˣ㻹֡
١ʲôʱ֣
ںȻʱ򡣡
Ҳж꽻飬Һһ䣬뿪
١ɱ
Ҳϲ˵񣬵ʵȷʵˣ֡
ںЦȻ֣١棿
ΪҸ׽͸
Ī˵㣬ǸӦҲû˾ٺ⣬ǸԼǰԸػģʵΪŮ
¾ƱЦȻΪ˿ķӦ
Ӧɻ󣬡ķӦ
īĺŴҹɫãȻǿ޷ļ䡣
Եɤ渵ǵõָմһʱкܶ˷ɣʱϥǣ˵ŸʣȻ϶Ҿ常ֻ롣
ӦֹԥƬ̻ǿڣ¼ǵãҲ
ԣšŮ̫ˣʵҡϲ
ҹɫеٹٻžŵ鳹ҹߣµڶ챻߳ˡȴ֮˸Ϊ١ӣһ糣վս밲ԳҲ谮ɡ
պ㾯ںʹỵָ̂ϣ͡˽̴ںȷΧֻ֮ŵ١ɱϣãԸ֧𣿡
֧֣üû㣬㾡ִܷڻʳǣҲС
һŵǧȷк֮⣬֪ԸԸ⣿
ʲô
ںЦýթҪ˵õֶΣȻǺˡ
û㿪ڣΡС
ںʧЦС˷ģûãǰǴνֺһֱν֪ɷȫ
⵹˵˼ؿν
ν֪һƤһֱʲôԵˣ濼ǣֵ
ôȢ
֪ݵ΢䲻ڹ
ǫںõννû䣬ôҲңνЧǰ;Ǹô´
νޱؿȥҿ㲻ףֻһ鷳
˵µںЦЦصȻ˵㣬˵㣬˵㣬ûǺܺÿİǽ֦ҶױĲǿǣ
ллá
ںݣ̲סЦҪߣˣ
ں̾һͷɥش뿪
ʱ໢յνߵʱһģСôֻ㣿
νǺЦôԴװ
ôܣ໢۾һɣСϦײУҿܲ𣡡
ƾҲϦ
໢۽ܿ˵ȢƵģ
ִˣҡͷˣȥ
⻼壬Ǿ֮¡ǳŽ밲͵͵Ǳ޹١ںױд֮һ
١濴źڴ񣬵ԺķԸ
ɿԭƻͼ谮ĴĪҪɱС¡
١ɻΪβûɱ沢
ŮúԼƵ˵ⷬЦ䲻ˣǻ۵ұȥַڣˣ֪
١Ҳ֪ڹֵλ֮ң˿򡭡
˳Ӹס

ӭȴǷյĽƣǵɺ졣Ϊָĳ佫Ҹ߹٣һһر
ȻЩмѭоݿɾ˻̲ס뵽Щ˶ðˡ˿ڹƹĸоʶɱִȨյĴ󽫾ж¡
һڴ󳼻򰵵رʾУ˲ȴԤĲǡ
Ϊţ治ںԼ
һӦ޵Ϊ㣬һֱǼ۰ܵõġ
塣ĬĬΪӵ룬עҪվ϶֮ˣɱõĸǣĸʡҲػеľߵġ
Ȼòֻ࣬רĽԼĵӵŮ
и𣿡
볤񡣡
ԡЦùһŻżϲֳܱλ֮⣬ԺԥóλĶ֡
ʼմī֭֮ǰӻһģһλá⻭ϵһλŮӣͬĺ£ͬվˣͬġ޷÷ױīò֮һ
һĻУϸϸţЦȴԨ̾ϢҸζԸĶأ
Ӧ׵޶ۣд㡣
ԡ
ḧһ죬δ͸ī˲ȾȾ԰׵ָҲȾ׻ֽΪֵĻһֹ졣ȴԶ˿̴Ц塪
áôԸ


 56 

, ˬ, ЯΣС
١, ûǹһ, ˵ĻƣܹŮ䳰ȷڹ, ʼΧҲˡ
໢þʱ١ƫƧ䱻ۣһĥȥ, ȴһŤͷܻǰ, ١ںתøˣ治
Ρ͵͵볢һھƣȴһֺֻض˹ȥ̧۾ͿžƱЦЦͷ͵û¡
㽫Ʊ໢, ˬ˸, ʲôֲŮ, ָء
ǡ
νЦһ, ôˣѵüôϧ񡣡
˵ʲôأ໢ŵ濴˿ŵν, ǿźͽƵ۸ﲻʹ죡
ν˵ͷ, Ҳǡ
ͻȻ, ̱졣
ȱ˭Եöࣿ
ЦӦǣȻתͷνҲȫϡϦʶŤͷΡһۣ, Ҳȥ
ԣ㲻ÿγȥ趼ˣ𣿡
һϦƹԺǣԼ²ظȥΡͷɥؿżЯȥ
㶼벻ȥ
֪ӲʹȻʡߵҩߵոնԸɢѵˡ
ΡһԽԽ첲ˡ
޹գգۣүںͽһˣôǸ첲ء
Ρһ֣⻰
һߣһ·Уɽ㾫ֱͨһֹ޷һ뻯鷢ͷ֮ʱѾջķᡣ
Ϧؽһ²ӲҪԼȥԵν໢һ̲ס¶ЦݣٹЩʱյǶԿɴˡ
лڣҪԽҵģҲѧƤëˡ
Ƥëѧ֮츳׿֪öʦ뿪ڱԹûڣ
ҡ

Ӧ޾һ͵Ťͷֻһֻ֪˶õĻԼԾνý
ʶһݴԣһַɿ䳤ޣıβݺݻлͷ­˳ƹ䲱ӣձСҲĳ±ضϣȻ
ſһü壿
֡
˽Ｋ£ϵɫȴܴһЦҲһֱáǵõձȳ˵ֱ㳣Χѵһ⡭Ҳó޾ȹ
ֻǺһֻΪͨգȴ˽һС
īĺרעؿ㣬ҪŮӵӰӡĵףֹסЦ⣬Ϊ㲻ҡ
ȣЦϲɫĪЦˣһֻ˵ĪҪҶ²ǡ
Цվ𣬿ָһĨѪɫɫһ䣬ˣ
ü֣Ӧ֦ˣ¡
Ȼȥ
Ҳʱ䣬ûٷֻǵ˻صӪʱ򣬿һƬҾ֮֡еҾֻ֣ڿסŻѪΡʱ̲סһͣĿڴĶʹԺӡ
ϦѾŵܵΡߣΡҲ顣
С꣬ô£
鸹ҲһɫҰ˿ΡϦʻۺ⿴ҲѻԵ١棬һᰵˡȻд߷ƶҩ
Կʣ壿
Ҳɫѿģ常
˱֤ߵΡߣһ׾ٽӱ챻סӬ
ްģ㲻¡
ʿ·һ·ۻصѵõϢĳæӦһȺⶾϴϴ̿ϴŵһƹϵĹƶƹӵ壬ٳζ
㴹סȥ¹ˡ
£󾪵ɾС
һϦ֪ڻŶߵ˵ֵӦ޵˴´࡭Զ֣벻ʲôء
¡
㾡һһȥ
㶵߻شߣעΡΣͻȻЦʱҾͲ˾Ȼˮ֮ˣȴȻԵҲʧǡ
˵ĬĬҩóһɫСƿ
ʲô
һ٣ɫȴδģɱҩ
ɱҡػ֮ŭ
ⲻҪҲں
ϲ㡣
ɫձ䣬ΡЦΪ𣬳շǷо֮ˣ˲Ϊ֮ĽҲһԱˣ֪Ҳ뺦
Ҹı䲻ľҲ
ֻ˵һԲˡ
ҩƿбȴͻȻһֻϵץʹļ׵𣬡ӣҽߵ֣ںˣ
ϳǰߣ翹ȹ뺦ˣȴ˵¡
߿ЦҡͷϷᾡ¡
ΡŴ𾪴ӻ񣬡ô⣿
ǰѴ֪ͨϷǰ
Ρ૵ǰ
⼸ղδȥΡǲ룬ûա١ʵƹϸϢ֮ڣȻǻױΪɣκͳһְ۱һ佻õĹԱְͣ졣
飬̲顭ǣ㣬֮֮ǰֶΣóĻ̡̻û֤ͨ
ͷǣ̣عƵΧסԻʵۡ
ҹ£շתΡ
ղ֪һ־ϵϸֹмɣ˴׵ѹһν˵ϡ
δͽֻͣʲô˼
Ц֧򦿴ֻ֪ǲ˵ʲôǵֶġ
û˵ʲô㵭ֻҲ֪Ŀ겻ͬ
ȲԸ˵ͱ常ˡ
Ѷƹ𣿡
㡭
㿴ͫ׽κ裿
κЦ˵ֻĿ겻ͬ
ۣ۵ײŵҿһϷɲˡ˵һײڲҽ졣
üЦˣֱӴɡ
Ÿо֣һеɢץʲô
Ϊɢ䷢˿ͳǸý㣬ֱӶŶֶ֣Ҳû͵Ļˡ
һ̵رκͿ޳ʽ㣡ʽҲ۵ģһܴ

㣺
󱻸ں̾Ѿͷ̿϶ˡ
̶Ŀͷۣ̲סˣʲôֱ˵
常ֻϣ˽⣬ڵȨƣλһжҸģҪģǲҪģܡ
ϣô
ȥΡҩ𣿴ؾ¿ɶˣҪˡ
ͳ׵ԽӰ̤
صؽµҲϣϻλء
Ϊ⿪ɫ˼㣬͵ƿӴ߳Σֻһ䣬һ뾩
Σһ˵ŭȴ糱ˮʾ
˵µ˺ܺò߷
Ĵ𡭡


 57 

, 治һ𰡡
Ϧಽ, ǵͷһƺЦǶҪ, ʲô
Ҫչƹ, һͷչ˺Լˣź𡣡
ֽ̧, ھҲҲûź𣿡
Ϧﵽܹƿν໢йְ, , ۸ҿô졣
ȻʧЦ˭۸СħŮ
ҾҪȥ
νߡ
νһץ, ֱӽϦˡšϦνؿڶû
㿴ν, ؼң㡭ȥ໢סɡ
ʲô໢۾һ, Ҳͬ⣡
㵭㲻Ҫ, ͬС
ϸ, , ׼, ճáΡԵ쳣ĬҲֻӲʹδ롣
Уƫ򱱷δ߾ΡһĹ, ˮ˫Ÿӵע㣬֪١ᰵˣ
ĿǳߵƤһԣںһš˵١һֱƹϵ˻̵ĺܣ١ˣ˹ϵؽ䵱ӡ
ƻ˽뿪
ۣ۵ײŵǳǵĮǲֶεˣȴǷˡΪĿĸۣҲ侲˼ΰۿܽܵķΧڡ
ҲܿȴӦԣҲûƤӵ˼õİ취뿪
Ըҡ
ûҪ̧֪ᴥΡϺ룬ͳ˵ᱣ㲻˵
˵ߵ⣬ڼݳ˽
ΡŴͻȻЦһ
ˣ㲻ֹϲƿս֣ڸλѾãϰ˽һƿУһ֮УȻҲˡ
үͽ𣿡
ܣǰңȷʵһܡ
أ
вãȴ
Ρ˵߳
¹ļ綬Ĺңʱδ¾ڣ·ֲܼɴķк⡣
󶯾һüȥ
ȴͻȻһ˫֣ҲһĨ񴥸СԴʪȴڶ󣬡һȥ
ʱҲ˯˸Ƿһ۾һ죬ת˸ϳ򣬼װԼ˯
̾һ
Ρҡҡͷҷֲ
Ҳֻһ㽫װ˯߶³ȥ복ûõֱϳˣ޴˵
㿴ŲֵΡü֪Ҳͱ
˭˵ֻܺΡŮӵսģ£ԺԸҡ
˵㡭
֪Ρ濴㣬˽һУ֪뷨
˺Ƶû˰ƽյģҲûǷȻС
峺
ᶨ
עԼļˣ˵ʲôɽ˺ġ
ǣȡ
㱡һ۵ⲻܡ
ҳ룬Ҹܸᰵе뷨㲻Ҳ㣬һֱϲ˵
Ρ̧ḧ£üĿҲԸκ£Ҳϣԡ
㴹˼Ƭ̲ſΡҿȷظ㣬
֮ñԣϲǼ٣ϰǼ٣ҲǼٵġȻǶϦҲһС
Ҳ£
ûá
ûϵҿԵȡԸΪŬ𣿡
̫߹ƻζȻҲûܿסá
ЦΡǰסŮĴ
ϰƿһУֺγءŲͨ鰮ΪŮ֮飬ʼܱӰ
ʵһõ¡
ѧҲǡ
δйܣཻܲɷ֡ûãȴΪĹռΡءܼĹƽˣֻܶؽȣֹסشϢ
ˣŮӻԴЦصͲˣ
Ρ޵ĥ˹ƶһҪŪ㣡˶ٲڴϣ
üЦðҵš
ͷͨ飬ȵһǻһɡ
ͷ˵ǣ
ΡڳڣߵԼһҪݳӲ
¹֮һЩջǲԸʿһЩ֮šǱһңձڴţ˳Щ
һСͣ±ӭдĻû˵Ϳһͬ³Ρסؿ˰ĺлع
СҲû˵֮ǰĻԭرһ£͵ػͷܱߺ
ŪҲһ㶣ֵֹסЦ⡣
ûһСϰϵؽʹӿջдͬʱһŮʲôɣɣ
㣡ɣ
˵ͷŮ߳ջһ̧۱Сһס૵ɰ
Ҿ˵ǰɣ
ŮҲҪϰ죬ҡͷ顣
ǰƹİɣ֪пշ
ŮӻһЦеģȻСʺĵطûôûпշء
˵񻹲ƮȻص㵱ȻΡ
ŮҲ³һӦǷޣüϱкȽ˵
˹̨Ůó˱Ҫ䷿
ļ䡭
黰δ˵㱻ŮӴϣļ䣿СѲɳˣ޳ܶǴͷβϣӦסһǰ
ǲɵˣס׬Ǯ
СӣŮһסС죬㼸ЦЦ
Цһϰ˵öԣϷ
ϣ
̤¥ݣϰںͷС
˵ǲɵСһǸ˼ңˣڶֻ˼ϷϷϷĸǮ࣡
ǸͷˣǾϷһеȻµȷɵ
Ŷ
ֵ̲סЦûΡȻһĪ
ôˣ
طٸ˵
Ȼ֪ԵɣΡҲЦݸȾá
׷ϰ˷䣬ΡЦⲻҲԽˡ
뿪ƹʶ֮оѵõɡ뿪㣬ҲڷᱻС¶֣¶㴿õЦݡ
ƺδģǰ
ֵ̧ס죬׼ס
ΡֱһǣüƵףô


 58 

һѽΡƵڴ, Լѹȥ, ۵ƶҲŪңȴŪ㡣
ΡЦ, Ұ𣿡
ü, δ˵ͻȻ⴫
͹٣Ҫˮ
̧, ȥ鷿
ΡգգۣҲ͵ġ
Ҿ໢
˵ȥ, ֻһ˽ŵĴ, ͷң峤ࡣֻν˶ȳһҲȣһϰ֮, ʶ㾯
Ƴһ۱ƵĴҴŲ, ȴڿΡʱסʧûװŹˮĴ, Һ㼰ʱץס
ô󺺻ع, ǸֿΡ֪ǲ˵Ե, Ŵ̶ɳ, ˵Ļ
ү
Ρһ, ϸϸһɵԬ磿
ԡԣң
δѼϲӵüһԵ侲ŵ˭
ǰϵѣԬʢԬ磬ҷˡ㡣
㣿㣿Ԭʢһ, ŵô
˵ԬΪڴˣȡΪΪȡҩ𣿡
ԬʢҡͷЦҽʥɽľͲֹһˡ
ô£
ϴɡ
㽫ΡƵ棬ȻԬʢԬʢ˵
ȥź󣬱Ԭʢߵ¥£һֱ⣬ǼȣǱʥɽɽ˴ϵ𣿡
Ϊүȡҩ
Ȼ⣬ȻֻһĿġ
Ȱ㻹ǲҪȥˡ
ϰԼжϡ
ԬʢĬƬ̲ŵ֪֪ʥɽ˳ϵҩ
㼥Ц޻̸֮ҩƫһ硣
ɺܶˣΪϱ޷⣬Ϊ˴಻ͨգȴڼ֮кܶΪǰ
˵ԬʢԳһЦΪȣڽʥɽ֮ǰ˰ûʲôɽˡսȥʥɽˣоһոͻһȵĸ֡ˣ㻹Ҫȥ𣿡
սӣ㶪ˡ
ѧţǶϡ
ϢʱˣһƷ
Ԭʢһ૵˵ȴпܣ㲻Ӧôүġ˵ǹȴ٣ʥɽ֮Уѱ챦֮ռݣ¹˵ǾǸѡ
ü룬ֻܳŹζ뾡졭
ٷˣү
˻š
Ȼ
͵ٹԬʢֱӷ¥һȻΡѾζ֮ǰĶͬ¶ϣлƤ¡
Ҳһͣ뿪ڣȴǰϡ
ԡͰӱ뻳Уؿڣһִֻյߣ̫ˣҧ
Ρƺһץס֣Ц˵ˡ
ԵЦҲǺۣ˵л
뱧㡣
˴˿̵̬̫ϧ׵á
ΡԼŲǰŸܵ΢Цȴǧ·֮ץסΨһһ·
ȷʵΡΨһһ·Ȼľ١涯֣ȻԸץסҲץס
ĸ󣬾ŵܣƹ㡭
޷¡
ʧȥ书ֱƶĥĺʹҺܶ롭
ͷһҲҵġ
ΡЦһҲ̫Եˡ
ղ֪
Щڡ
֮£Īٶ롣
ÿ赼ǹƶΡڽս˿ѵĹؼʱ̣ΡҲ˵һ֣ȫѹԼܲ»䡣
żй¶ƺߴϢĿڳʹ֮࣬ȴ֪

ٷˣүôˣ
ƶѾѹƣιȥˡöǰʪߣ֮ǰ˵ʲô
߳ĬƬ̲ŵƶȫ죬ζŲȥˡ
ɫһ´ζ̿ܶá
߿Ц죿£ƶǻȴбܣ׼ٽһϷ޷Ԥϡ
⻰һֹſޣҲ˵ס
һκԼľ봫ΪΡѰҩϢʵҲĵȵùƶ
ݣϳ
һȥ
üԬʢ㣿
ȷˣȷʵǰϹûǰʥɽʱһԻүһ
㶵ؿԬʢһᣬͻȻϲԬ磿
ʶ
ͷүưʱ򳣴֡
ţ
ȻԬүİݰֵܣҩͶ˵ȥˣ˵鿴ԬʢүΪ˿ˣԬȻû£Ϊβƹ
Ȼǻ뷨Ūꡣ
Ȼˣһɡ
ʱϰȴץԬʢ֣˵ôҪȥ£֮ǰüζ㶪ػ𣡡
Ǯ֮⣬֮㣬Ϊ˸үȡñ
ҪأǮһһ͵Сأ
ֵܣһҪģȥֻǴ·ʲôΣա
һҪȥ
һҪȥ
Ҳһ𣡡
ɵ㶵ؿǮһĨͱ²ػͷʰȥˡ
Ԭ磬ɩӡ
ԬʢЦԹÿȥ
ü㲻˵¾һ𣬻Ҵ
ҲʲôŮӡ
ƺΪ֤ĻǮﱳ޸˳ԾԾԵǰǲҴҶӣһȸͬУ¸ƨ
Բ㿴ó
Ǯҹ㲻һһġ
Ӧһͬǰʥɽʱ򡭡һ飬ֻĵȺһ𡣡
ǮһɵۣССȥȥȵ
СҲɵۣһ嵽αסµҪҪҲҪȥ
̧סߣ׼ǰǮްʱùһ𡣡
£
ҲֻΪ˻ʱȥȡҩʱΡֻа취
߿֪ѾֻܿЦӦǡ
һ˳ޣǻ˵ļݳֻڳϢҲԸգ¾ڡոսѻķϵĳţٵˡ
ߡΡˡ
㵱ˮǺ£ΡֱЦǰǸϷġ


 59 

߳, ȴûЩٷˡһȺں֮, ֻżܽοг޸ɱķǮ
, Ϊһ߾, 㲻ԣҲӦϱڲԫ֮
һүүʱʼ, Ǳû뵽
ͬ߳ΡƹҲǴʱ, µĴԡ
޴˴, ƹϺģд˴ԣ
Ϊ
ͻȻ
ö볯Ρŷ
Ϥ䣬һٷеһԾȥ, һ㽫˴ſ, ɫдŭ⣬Ҳˡ㿴Ρ, ƹʵĿ泤
˵, ѽӲȵѪԡ
һ, ϽĶ
ƹʵϽѪ, ȻЩ˲ڱΪƹ
ΡĬƬ̲ŵȷд˻ɡ
ɡ㿴, סСۡ
һ£˼ȴҲһ˲ͼһ˦޲Ӳһ
ŵͲһ, ΡҲһüű޷ȫĹ˳صնݳ
ɺѪѵ£ҷصĳȹһµ֮࣬һɱɱ˵
飬Ƕɱˡ
սܵĽٷһ⻰ģҲ¶̣ٷˣӦֻٲơ
飬֡
ү
ԥʱǮﵹȲͷӣһ𡣡
Сһ˸֣óСƨƨߵظСѪ֮ȫ¶ɫüЦ̵Ĳ
ǮٺһЦǸطҲЩֲݰ˵ž޸һָΧԫͿ
ȻΧ˲ˣ־ؿһ۱ɿȥ
鿴ɵۡ
㵭˴ֻ֣һΪҩһΪǰһ˶޷֮أ׼ߵ
˵鴹µԴСӣΡϰ£Ӧ
֪ˣллٷˡ
سڣֵ¶ģ
ǣҴһǵƹΣգһ˽Ĳϣ䡣
ϣ䣿
Ϊǰ񡣡
üǰô棿
ΡüĿһ䣬ܺһƵģ䵽³
ʧЦһţ˵˭ء
˵Լأ֣Ϻ꾫
һǮһԬʢ㿴˼ңúÿ˵أ
ԬʢûʲôӦΪΡڷء˽⣬ʵư˸˽ΡҲڵ𾪡
ǰϲĹô࣬ɶǲٴɫġ
ϲҡΡס֣ϲأ
˿ʳĴ󹷣Цһаɡ
ֻǻУ
㻹Ҫ
Ͳ̹ϵϲϲϧΪˡ
Խ˵ԽǮ첲£ҳȥ
ԬʢҲɿһҲȥ
Ҳҿ󣬳ǰĸˡһʱͷֻʣΡ㡭иССͷ˿ֿ˿ˣֿͷСһľᡣ
ģΪʲôҪȥͷ簡
𰸣Ӧֻ֪ˡ
Ԭʢ·ֱֱʥɽȥ;мģȴ֡˹գڵʥɽ£µĶǣΨһ̵ʥǣҲڼˡ
س֮ʵΪ֮ҩ
صΪ
س֮̽㣬ᣬαѰ·
ǲ·Ҫһ߲֪
س֮ҡҡͷΪζʥ֮У˲ǡǹˣԸ
йµԴ֮س֮˷ǡŴ򿪣߱Ϊ٣㣬⣬硣
װعľܲΪ֮̾ȻһεԬʢ
˽ûãŴһˣֻһһװӡس֮ɵΪ֮ҩ
ЦΪ֮˶

ܽʥǵˣǻڶ书ǿΪͷ·ĽٷһһѳɸѡĹؿǶԸˣûʥǣȥʥɽĻġ
ˣط˲࣬ˣ̽ߡ
ǰߣ̽һǺߡ̽ȴڿջǰͣʱǰֵλΪʥɽеҩ
ոڳŵʱˣ˻ֱӰҲǣΪҩֻʲôأҲװģ
׵ԡ
Ǹλˣ׼һʥɽ
һʥɽΧɨһȦкܶˡ
Ǹ֪ǲʲôΪһȥ
һ
ʥɽˮɱкܶ¸Ǳ˽Уϣɽһ
˵˺ܶ࣬ﻰⶼ˵һͬж⽫򷢵֮Ҫ˷䣬һһ¥
㿴ߣô
Ѳ⣬Ķʲô࣬Ϸõ²һ𣬱ϾΣյģֻɽб뻤ɽˡ
ܷɽһҸȥȡñꡣ
ҡͷҲˣǴƹˡʥɽһȺɽʥɽҲܱ
˵ˮ㵹ȴδһˮγǵˮɱʥɽڣ䵽ܽ˵ѪҺס
鶶˶£ԼиΡ˽磬ҶоԼ챻ˣôôĵط
Ϊ˼ѵ֮أ֮ܳΪľߣҲϱ֮¡
߿㣬Ժ̾̾Ͼ˵ںˣʧȥϵѩأããԭ֮У²ֹڴ֮ǰصӪ˺֮ڡ
ǿޣȴ¶ã˭˵ġ
ߴЦܣѶҡ£ʵǱﲻס˵ʱ˷ܵ˵ԼҳϢӵһ
ϣ
²Ҫ
ôˣúƽϡһⱣǡ
¡ʥǲΣգԬСӦá
سֻ֮˵˲ṥȴû˵ˡ
߿ЦдһŸɽˡϹ壬ϣܶԵ
뿪Ρڵ㱻ںˡ
һü㲻Ѿ֪𣿡
֪ɻǻ¡ΡȥһҪ˵ŻȻһȥ㡣
һزȷʵֻҡ
δйƶҲȥ㡣
΢һͣ㲻ǻƹ𣿡
أĸŵԱŶ㣬ξԼ̫Եˣҽߡ
ԡᰴΡؿڣֻң
ֻ㡭


 60 

ڶ, һ˹, ɼ׼һӭȥ
, һȥ
ܿӵ, ԣҷ, Щչˡ
ذζ߶һЦ, ˶Ѿ, طûԻ
˵űǣ˳¶̾һƥ
ޡ
ӵ˼ϴɨһȦ
ȫƹ˵Ϸ, Ҳȫǿ, Ǽɥʥɽ֮ˡ˿ƹ˥, սή, ˸߹Թ, Ҳһԭ
괫ǴԵǾϲ⡣
˼, ȫûΧԼǿ, ˲ʵ
Ǵ󽫾ֻǳʱԲսʱߡ㣬սʥ֮, ʹĵط
˵㱾㹻ۣǣ˸̰Ŀ⡣ոճǱǿס̰ȽɽȺ˵
һ˳˱ţ̤뱻ΪʥɽɽȺȴͻȻоˡ΢ĵط䵽ʹӵ˱ʵϣո̤룬粽С
Ѵֻ֣¶һ˫۾Ц궯ĳȷʵ䣬û뵽Ҳܲס
˻һʾӦ
ȥɡ

ת
һ૵ϣһȡѲһȸ֣
ӵʬ壬ͷЦԼῴ𣿡
һҧϣ
Ȼǲȥʥɽȡҩ
ط˭ܻǰͷһˣȥȡ֪ٵҩץס㣡Цĳ£ǺֵǮģ
üһʶң
ǴƹܣҲ˶Уҵüݡ
Ц˶УȻǸث֡
еļ֮⣬˲֣ȻһȸҲв˶ڣݣǵˣǾͲζ𣡡
ȨǮŮˡ
ûӹǵջ󣬻Ϊ䲻ֶʧȥǣҲΪѰ·
ͷôȷʵ鷳һ㡣⣬û˱ôӦ䣬˿ҲϾսڣڱѩһεģ
βĳײ㣬βմϵѪڱϻһѪɫ䣬յѪɫ̻Ӧÿһ죬һûӣǿ첻㣬첻еĳޡ
ޱߵĿ־ĽӲУһ
⣬һվţֹΪڰ·֣ҲΪϳ
κ裬ʲô
ֻͬ¶һ˫۵ӵҵ㡣
һؽְأ֪ʲô𡣡
ѾӴοϻ򡣡
ȥ
£ûб㡣ֻǡҿ֮󣬾֪Ӧϣͳġ
֪
κЦ֪㲻ҡ
Ϊϲҡ߽κ裬ѾΡʲֹܸıŮˣҲܸıˣҲϲ⡣
κȻĬƬ̲ŵұˣҲֻ˺Ρ
˺˺ҡ
κһҧѹֲסеĲʣʲôõģಡ۵ΪŻƹΪ𣡡
԰
κһںŵضͿȣ˰ҲûпЦ˼
ĲûһʼҾͲΪˡ˵ȷʵΪģ׷ˣɡ
κɵۣһʱȻ޻˵
ģһѻ뷴
Ҳš
ΪβţҾôǳˣСʱҲǿ㳤òŸģ㿴Ǽÿ׵ģ𣿡
ǡ
Իȥɡ
㲻ϲ£ϲ㵣ҵ¡
̾һ㡣
Ѿȥ˱㲽·Ƶıɽס⣬治ľҲ巽ûһҪͣչĵͼȷһȻٶ׶ܸһȦ
Ÿʲôһ𡣡
ΪΣ
һֱůĹûˡ
κԸһ𣬿Ŷͣ¶Ц⣬̲סСʱ㼫úöȴҪΣˮŪһˣԼ鷳ӵһѡ
˵֮󣬶κʶԼʧˡ
㲻ϲ£Ϊÿһ£ȻȻʺйء
δ뵽ǣֻ˵˾䣬ͻȻ𣿡
κ֮࣬زʱе㲻һˣǲù˼޴ڵߡ
ЦⲻϼκֻͻȻ뵽ˡ
ҲͻȻ뵽һ£ǵʱڹޡô˾Ȼ򴲣Ұʬ𼣵ģ㱻㱳˺ڹ
κһ㶣һ죬߷ߺ£Լòἰ𣡡
̫ˣ
Ц֮϶ķܣ
䣬ѩһ޼ʵһɲľ˸оꡣɶ˵Ǹ侲ĵطʧѪܵڴĺ䣬Ҳı̹ǡԼܻȥΪִקס
֮꣬侲Ϊ˸ĸΪŶ
ʮ꣬ѩԭ֮ǣȥӮĵһ̣ΪԼΪ
ʥɽ֮Уǣȡñ꣬ΪΡҲΪˡԼ
Ρϲ֮ȷò֮󣬾һ㡣ҪһǣΡߣܸоѵõɡ
ҹɫ٣ɫֵʥɽʥǣһƬš
ǱߣֻлʯûĴ죬ǽոȼյΡߣ˶һ䣬ͷƷ΢춯
ɫζ͸룬˵ͷ͵ص£öǿǻ˸ƣŶ롣
ֲָĺУǱΡõĻؽ
ΡС֮Ҳû֣ΡʵҲˣصϣ˵ϣͿĶóĶҩ
ǿУŵ˵ƣһŵɫҰ׺зûץ͵ơǮҲһо޸ӡ
̾ⶾǹˡ
ΡԺ֮ʴȣζԴ֮ˡ
ɡ
Ԭʢ͵͵ҡҡͷ˳˷Ԭʢŵү֮ʱ־ͻӦǼŻˡ
̾ҡͷԼ䣬뿪ͻȻΡܻŻ𡣡
߻Ρߣһԡ
֪ʲôҾȻ룬ûҺ˳ĶҩáΡ˵ԳһЦԽųˡ
ųҧҧΪİ֮˵ǣų
ΡЦһ˵ʲô
ϣһаã޲һʹ࣬ԸΪ̫⣡
лҪ˵ˡȿȣ618

 61 

̫⡭Ρһ뿪, ֮ҹߡʥɽ֮, ˯˯Ĳֻǰҹ˳ѡ
ˣ
һס׼ֵĶκ, ܣ
κͼס, ԥ컹ûֻɻȺ˵һû, Ϊβǡ
ָȻǱ׷ˣŲͣͬʱÿջͷ, صĪҪ, ¹
ɳɱȴɱ
һһһ׷ģ׷΢Ƶĳ£㿴һڲͬıɽ, ɽΧ, һķϣƱɡ
ȴδϡ, ֻз֮ĸɽ, Ϊʥɽȡ, ԽԽá
Ծ·һ, δͣ, δϮıУֻһļɽκӦó׷ߣǲһԾ㡣
̤϶̨׿Բ̨ϵİ׷֮ʱе˶ͣһԽڶ, ˹ʥߣδɱһˣҲδһˡ
ۣĿ̽㡣촽΢ףϵȴ
Ϊβ֣
ǧﴫǴܣ
֣񶼺Ͷһֻ봫˵С
ôһȫʱӦԵ׼ϵЦΪ֪⣬˶ֿɲʲô֮١
Ϸϵ㡣
ȷʵϵңӦʶ翹ȵι
ǰһ뻹Ȼ⣬˾һ̾𻯵ɵģĻȴɫ
ˣ
˵鶼̫ӣлϲȴк⡣
һʱҲֱ治壬ӻͳ˹дõţʥǣš
ŷƾճ˷ȥƤ͵һ
ȡ
Щ˵Ķ
Ǳ߿ź٣գգۣи̣ϹǺİ˵æ
ʥﴫƹִ𣿡
һϹԸἰĵΪˡ
ΪǹϢƹģ
Ϊֿѣʥأأûþͽƹ˾֪ڵĻаɷǵӣŭԹȫ޷ѹơеĵʹ˳ǧ򱶡
Ϲǻͱ֮ˡ
ΪҪ֮
ΪΪҽģ㺦£
̧ˣʹ𣿡
ʲô
˺ֻ֮һ£ɲʲôĿ˥ˣֻ˼ǲ˵ģΪʥ߱㲻ٷŹɹÿ˵Σʼ֮Ҳ˵ҵʱǲԸ˵ڿҲ֪Ϊ뿪ܲƽ𣿡
һȫ˵˵£Ҳ˻߳ŭֻ͡۳˼Ƭ̲ۿ㣬һȣȴϷᣬһҪ󣬱书Ϸָ㣬õȥɡ
ꣿ
֮⡣
аɣ֪ûôõ¡
ֻҪ꣬ġ㿴κͻȻ뵽˴Σ˰ȫͳ¹Ҫ
£
á
κֻüŤͷһ󺮷Ϯʧȥʶ˲˽ȥſ㣬һҪꣿ
ԡ
ϣԳ˵Ķ⾳磿
Ϊ˾ˡ
ˣ
ЦΪ˾ļϵˡ
˳ĬƬ̣֣ߵߺָɽȣȥǱϢ֮أòġ
Բ֪
˵һԾ£գʧŨİ֮С
ʥߣȥˣ
ĿԶעޱ߰һƷõ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲͻƶȡġ
ȷʵµʥ˵ıȴ㲻ʥˡֻѶԸö֮֮˱˾η֮ġΪʥߵҲȡñꡣ
̾ɵҲ뵱ʥߣȴˡ
ʥ߾ܻ
ȥ׼ɡɫ˵Ļȴεɱ⣬ܻɾܻɽ

ɽҲ֪а赲ߣҲֱֱ£ÿһɽڡ֮Ϊɽɾһ޴ıֲʣɽʯ
ΪǱ㣬㼫վȣСƱ֮󣬻Ʊץסѷ졣˷ϵ΢΢ѣԼɼѪоʹΪѾˡ
Ϣ֮ʱ뵽
СҲĶõġ
֮Ҳ֪˶ãԽŨѿŵǰָһϢԽ£¶Ƚߡ䱻Ϊ׻ߡ
ŨУҰ裬һƬţȻҲе꣬нԤСڽ£΢ֲ֪ΪεĶʱʵ۷塣
ϸ
ƺǡ
ˮ

͵ɽϷŨеĹȴȻʧֱ¡СٴڲóĵطĴڸС
һƬ̶ɾľ
Ũƣ͸̶ˮɽ֮ˮͨ׵ĳζɢ΢⣬ǺӰѤá
˭˼أⶼ±ߣ֮Ѥȴĵ֮֮Уһ˴ֵľǼĵʹߣſ˾޿ڡ
˫͵һβˮг̡ǾߣӦó֮Ϊ֪̫ж䣬Ǹм׷δıȫ
֫˳ߣ̲סһ䡪
ݣ
߱ڵ֮ǰ̲סϹĻ
˻ɽˣվԵ˵
ͷ̫˾Ǹû
֮صһƬ̶綾߻һ˭
ȻʱΧߣҲоһʹĿһӳСն˱ߴ硣
ɼѪĶ塭

û
жֻǱߴСȴûһ£˵ǺϢˣƺǿıͺöԸˡ
ô򵥣ʥȡʱҲǰˡ
̶Ũͻɢ¶һ˸ߵĿɼ֮ͬʱ̶еˮȻ£䣬̹ǵʹ趼ս͵ؽ˰꣬ϦĿ
¡ǸʲôϦɡϦϦȥ
زһȥ㡭

Ҫ
ˮԾˮ棬ɽڡ߶˼£ϣԴü͸ܹ¡Ȼͷһ
ͫѵõĸе˾塣


 62 

ֻˮ, Ҳͻ˴ı̶ˮһǿСҲһ֮ǰ, žͷˮ棬˫ͫ㡣
ж硭
Щߡ
Ҫˡ
, ֻһŤͷסӦǳԱˡȥˣ䵥, 㷢˹
ˮҺҵļ㣬Ǳ, ɱһ˶ĶҺ
רעᵽ˼£ɿɽϷ㿪, СٴθƱ, Ʋס䡣
ģ
ڵĵһ໰д䲻˼ȴô
̶
µ, ƺǵص׵̶, ܽáһΣȻҲ
ѱ΢ץס, β, Ͼ޴ͷ, Ծȥ, վϾ޴ͷ
ָⱻ÷鷢ʹ, ɱ⡣
룡
սپ
Сȷĵطƿ˱ƬƤ⡣ʹı͵ײɽڣ˵ҳһ, Ҳ͵һѪ
ȻؿڶʹߴѪȴЦҪлһ֮
㱧סͷʮ׳̶໢ȫɿǧﶦݵö࣬ȴǴĶࡣ
֮ǰǽ޴񡭡
ɺ죬Ц⣬Եͷһһ£ʹȫײܷȡƿϱˮ͸ɫζĶҺƿС
Ȼ󡪡
Сߴ磬ȡͬߵ޴󣬶ߵȴָ׸ǴСպƿ֮ʱѸоӶʧȥ֪
κһһȸ֣ܻȡ꣬Σ֮ɽȣڼдΡԸĻɽˡ
ͬʱʥ֮С
ү龪ŵܳţæһԵķţүˣ
ԼæΡ䣬δżа鼱ޣүǲǳŲȥˡ
ϿȷʵˣҲһ
Ⱦү
ҡҡͷֻֻܰԼ볤־ᶨ֮ˡ
˿Ҳ־֧ţСãȡ˱βξһһץһɽ̹ǵĺƣʶɿ侫ʱ˺ѵʹȴʶѡ
ڣҹֱڶ峿͸ϡɽ⡣ȴȥںоĿ
ɽûֹȴֱӴű뿪Ƭ̣ͻȻۣͬʱץסͷµľ͵سɽڣԼһԾ˫ز£Խĸ߶ȣվɽ
˵ڴ˵ˣˡ
˴һ˵õˣ
Ǻˣȷʵõˡ
ʲôʥǵˣϷΪת
Цһԡ
޷ȥˡ
ͫձܿƷ磬κη˼ֱӳһ༲塣ҲģֻţȻԶ֣һܻӵõġ
û뵽ôûƷ
Ŀɨ·֮ˣܿǵıȴҲƵúһҧǰôҲǶ֣αظΧļ
ʥɽɱñ֮ˣϷְҲǵְ𡣡
ˣͲҪˣ
ĻգվһСĨʺȻǰȴͻȻʧ㺧÷ɿˣ󷨣
ԣϷǣ㶼Ըˡ
л·㿴ˣҽ꣬ǰԸ𡣡
С溦ˣ̾һٸ㼸ʱ䣬ܳΪĶ֡꣬߰ɡ
ǲ˽㣬Ŵδ޹Ҳδ¹һб¶ǰĿ־壬ضǼٵģ
߽ˣ㳯֣̽Ҫȡ꣬ʵװƿƿȡһΣͻȻֽ̧䵯ͬʱˡ
ֶΣЩԤеģȻΪξˮ飬Ȼһʱ벻ʲôҲҴֵ̧סҺҽģɫգӣ¶һ͵ذ趾ӣһ߿㺰ȡ˱
ԡߴЦܲܽԼȫи˲ǣ
οԣǲ˵֡Ҳ˵ۣԹλ¸ֶڱ£ѪĶҩֹһһοɱǧ˵Ķҩֻһ
Īܱ꣬ɽȣ
ȻپʱҲѰƽ֮ͻΧǰȫʢ״̬ڣһʵԷֻҪ֣ܳ㲻Ǳ֣֮
ѣҵۣһλϵĸ֣һ˫졣ȥ֮ʱ˵һҪ˱ѩ
ܸоѪ˲䶳ᣬ̹ǵĺ˳˿ֱǣͬʱ¶ȼʧſںһڰƺҧºͷ
ذ׽˫жĨ˶ȸֵʺ㽫Χ֮ʱ̧֣ʹһиȡ˻
ƶϱУۺֱؿڡ
һֲȻš
˵ԼЩ죬ؿھʹǰһ󷢺ڣȴ߿űߴЦ˳첻Ըң
Ը㣬Ϸ㽫ȥ
Ѫ罦㱻ߴɽȣ£Ļᡭ

뿪ΪŶµЩˡʶ˵
Ůȴн֮ţʽҪһ仰
˵~
СŮСƵİڰ֣һģۼ̲סЦŮ仰˲˲ãڿܻ⣬ǡ
õĵ~
˲ŮεҪʡ
ȴֵòŮգû£ûˣͽеϲе
ͳɣ罫޷졣
ǻ𣬴ȸĸ
ŮֵصһۣԼȴҲŮ˵ҪúüסĻŶ

ǵõģĸÿһ仰ؿ˵ǽѵǻ᲻ڵ
ǡ
ܿ졭
ܴΡȥǰǸԵСŮһǣϲˣòÿ
Ṵ۽ǵɱ
ӵؿڰʧȥʶϾҪŨ
ͻȻ
һӰٻסɽ¡
˾˭
˲δػֻˣѪɫɫ±΢ɱȻĻ



63

ʥɽɽ, ʥɽɽ, ޱߵĺɫȾ˱㣬ľɫ, ȴóΪ֮̾ΪǶѪ, ɱѪѹ, Ǳ¶˱棬ŻŨѪζȴߡ
ʥɽʥû²Żϵһ, Զûʱ, ˲֪˴֪˰ռǴŸҩĵķݡ
Ҫҩģ㡣
ҩбɫҩ֭, ųҩȿ, ̽׼ͻȻץס
˭
˿ɴɫסȫϳ, ס, ܳΪ̫֮Ϥ, ֻɳ, ĬĬҩ
֪, ־»ǰȡûʱΪξ
֮رǰ
˵ƿҩ´ȴ˻ȥü, м¡
δӦɴӹҩһϵһ´ɫ΢
̶죬߾ȫȻȴ޷ȬҲ޷ԼȬ
ıӰʧűߣĨѪ
ѳ֣ԭڹķ⣬ϰڹǰǰµģɫϰ˰Եºܼͣӣܼӿϡ
ʥϰǼİԵڹھһֱƻԼʥ߼ƣ㡭
Ȼ߽в³֪ɱ˻ֻɩǾ
ػڵأѵôϿɬૣ

ѹ˽գ˶ԽԽĽͷϱϡͷһѣÿһſڵţԼԼȻ
Ρһ̬Եü侲Ȼú⼸յԽԽײеֶΣƵƵĿ⡣
˵ŲڶΣȴջŹζһαһʹ࣬ȴ޷ĥ־
Σ֡
Ҳܱʹ
үٷ˻ˣ
һ˲װһ侲ȻȻϲԽܵ¥£԰ֽɫʱбˮϨȣһ˿ʹС
ŮӴӻͳУЦŵˡ

أ
εŮӣΡǴδйĻңѰƵץߣ
ȥ
һ˽˷У߰ɫأҩóһҩȥҩóһƿǮ
Ӧкܶඳˣͷ㡣
ҿΪҩ
ҡҡͷҲ׼ˣĪҪµ˵伫أϰ⣬Σ
Ǯ͵͵˴Ԭʢǽ˵£˧үΪʲôϱǵ£𣿡
Ԭʢһ
Թԣ֦ҶƤ϶õúܡ
ģúøҩ
֪Ǯܵذڰֱ㿪ʼˣǶȥСҲ˳ȥҲȥ
˷䣬߶Ρ
ҩԡڷʱĥΡĹƶ㱻νɽȥ˿ΡвӼɫƳͻȻεĸо
Ƴȡˣȴδȡݺѹ˲Ŷ˻աһϵжſΡӦĵʵϸӡ
ĵȣ
ţֱӽƳɱһǰȫʵҲѻ
͹ˣܺá
˿ˣܿĵشʧ֮ϲֻʧȥҪ֮˲ܶã㡭
Ρ͵شԡͰһѣҲδŻ·˳ȥƿһԵķţǮһ
ʲôأȥ
ҷˡ
Ǯһ㶣Ŷҩ㣬ʱһΣڸպãҳȥ
Ϊ˷㣬Ǯﲢδ㴩£ֵıӻ䶼ûע⡣Ρʱ㿴ؿϵİ̺ۡ
ָİ̺ۣӦǱ֮ˣֱؿڣܻ
Ρָ̧ᴥ
ͻһȣŮռұˡ
Ρһȴδ֣Ͳʲôӣʲô»ݣб˲ռǰ׳գο
ΡüЦռҷ˵ıôˣһ˵һޱ
üͷݺһɫ΢ҧΡ
ĪҪ룬ֻҩѡ
Ǯ
У
Ρֹû׼УߵЬ˴βƹҲò~
ͷ
´ΡˣҲһȸְ
ӲĲֻˣΡ˻ȥҹƶˡ
Ŷ
Ϊ˱лΪҩɣ
㣺
㣺Ρ˺ˣ
ΡץЦеǷҪŶ
ŶüδĪҪۡ
ΡͷգգۣǷ˲ˡ
һḩ̂ͷݺҧΡϺ롣
ҽ͵һãȻôүڽа
žƵԬʢһǺ̲סЦү¿Ժݿ
ŻΡµһҹߡڶȷʵ⣬µջŰΧ
ʶͷˣҪǰ̸ŭ϶ʥǴηһȴ£𱨵ɱʥߣ
һ㶣ãȻˣ
ʥɽֻ֮Ů˻ֻɱʥߣ
Ρŵһüڱ
п֮ҩ
Ǿûϵˣֻ˱ѡ
ڽƱ磡
Ʊ磿ԳһЦǶһȣҲǲ㱻ɱˣҵˡ
δ˿Ҳδȡıͱصģ
˵
ɱˣҪɱңȻԴС⻰Ƕ˵ǿ˵ġ
ʹãȻ⻰ǿڣϷ֪
ǶѸߣδΪֵ˴ȡҩɰҪȥлʡ
Ϊ뿪
Ϣ뿪ĵطϢȥ
Ϊˣң޷㡣Լһʱ˵ҩģֲΡ⵽ֵֻԼ

أֹͻȻء
Զ
ȾѪĳӦ䣬㶿򵣼ϵİ׷ˣ˲ӯۿ㻹š
ˡ
μ촩ʿץɫɷףҡͷҿԾ㣡
Ȳ˵ġ
ҿԣ
ܻģ̲סЦ
Զû䣬Ըȥ
㣬ҩǲ㴫ȥġ
һ㶣ڴʢ֮Ÿү֪ǶǶ֮ˡ
ͷʮĺԹͻȻôƮƮʧˣ⼸ʮΪʲô
˿Цһ¡
˵
ס¡˵Ҳδ߷Ӧ㣬ʵȻֹϺɱˣ˭
ʵȻصֻδ
뵽
ܻ
Ҳȷ
Ҫ£ҷƽȥҪˡ
ʥߣǲ£
¡˿Ц»ϡ
²޻ʵۣʥ߱൱ڵ˽и翹ȹһӦˣһϣѺùϵ
ƫһǳ֮ƣٸȷʵϧɺϢЩҲˡ
Զҡ㡭
á


 64 

˴Ϲ翹ȵŻط, Ԭʢһڡ
ǮԵ˷Щ, Ŀȥ
˸Ƿ΢΢ۣô, ȥ
밡Ȼ룡Ǯ˵ָָԬʢ, ҼӣһĶᱻ, Щƹ˿һ
ңԽ
ͻȻһʯ, Թҩ˯ʵȥ, ҶΡۼֿһ̡̧ۿһۣȻ㷭买˹ۼ
㲻ͷΡȣһ, Ӳ
Ρʵû취, Ϊɵλá
ܲתȥ
һ, ۡ
Ρһ̾, ȴֹסЦ, һǡ
ͷ, ƵĻ˻, ȥСõ
ǲõģ԰ҧá
ƿյǰҧ
㲻ҧΡҧ̵ͦıǼ, Цеҧ
͵ۣΡǺݺҧһڣѪ˼ΡӡԼҲǣ˿ɫѿ
Ρ˲ʹ̽æȡҩȴס֡
ңҪ˯
Ρá
Ǯ￴̾ݺšһԬʢ⣬Ͳѧ˼һ𡣡
Ԭʢ۵ȴûҺصѧᣬҿѧǰ
Ǯһ֣Ҳа
Ԭʢһ¶һЦݣȴ
Ǯһ㶣ŭͷ̧žͽԬʢ߳˳⣬ԼҲ׷˳ȥšԬʢ˭أ
Ԭʢ޹ѧүǰġ
ǰ
ɡ
ʵļУү䲻ϲЩŮˣȴδ˵ػΪʲô˵أȻүˣ˵Դף±򣬺١

س̵·˺ܶ࣬Ϊʱ˴ӲΡδ㡣㳣걼ҲĶཿȻᲢۡ
ֻһ²ո붬֮ʱǱʥǻص
ͣ£ʲôģ
Ǯһ֪ĵλԻǽšδȬѿ߶˳δͳ˳
£͵عͷأڻˣ
£
ǳ
ֹŶӿ˹¹ͬʥ
ȷʵߣΣȻЩ֡
Ρһ۱㿴ͳ죬ʵҲڵʱʲô£
ȷд£ĩ
һͳֱӵ˽˴˴ؽ͡˱໢Ҫ׳ȷʵͷһҲһֱǺˬֱӵġ
ֱ⣬ܽô£
£
ƤһüŹµͣΪд˴񣿡
ͱͨͻȻ԰ǿ࣬ǣֱƾ
˵ʲô
֮ǣ˿ڣͿȼ̧ΡͨΪ˿ĹңһֱĲ룬
ͣ̽ӴϢͨƺʲôЭ飬ͨʱ㼯˰ȴŰˡ
ǲжԱµ΢ʵģֹж롣Ϊʷ˿ʮδܣˡ
Ȼ£ԪһԱͽ㽫죬֮ĳս޲ʤѾϰʤ޷ʧܣܲ˾޴ʧܣ
ǻ̲ס룬ǳ㲻桭
Ҳ뵽㣬ɫѿôٱ뿪֮ǰͨ㿪ʼȴδõκϢ
˭ģ
˵½Ҫ꣬ͨ൫սʺϱ
Ȼ
ܽģһᾡϻؾ
ˡ
ˡһʵڿ˰ɣ
ΡصӦÿԡ
Ǿ͸ͻȻһ٣ѰƥǸĳġ
ܽǺأ
ȫһƿĿǰճ˷ùĲݣء
һۡǰɳգźźϱϸκ˳ܡܻĺ׳ԵùĲݣ
ҪʣһСײǺúõʲôʱԻˣ
С˵ͱ͵ı
ܽ
̰һЦתͷȥҪ¹ٵ¹ȻҲӡ
˵ļء
̲סЦỹġԼԸ⣬֮Ｘ졣
ֵģ
ǧȷ
֮Ρȡ͵ĺףһ뿪˽ͳһƸ飬Ͼü;Ժú棬вȥعٸʾƼɡ
ԥؽӹƣҧ뻹ǵԬ紳ˣһǸŽүɡ
С
ɡ
һ۴飬үѾˣҪˣҲճ
ίͰ͵صͷճү
ͬͬסͬ˯ߡ
˵ת
ΡнһδϺ׶ǷԾ󣬷ߵĴ׶԰
㲻䲻ȵô
ΡЦȻûֻǺܸˡ
ҲǴһЦȥϡ
ΡҲδһԾϺס·֮䣬˾̾һǷʡ
΢ۣδ䣬㵹ǻָúܺá
Ρ΢궯ĺף̧ͷЦϰͬ˹˲Ҳ𣿡
ڵҽˣ书ָˣ
ȷʵˡΡüĿһ䣬ΪҲ½һŭСľͽҴˣȻҪһЩʲôʱԸ⻽ҷأ
㡣
ЦһһǾȥΡϡ鿴˺ıӰᣬ޲޺ү
Ԭʢ̾һ磬߰ɣ˰ϱﶼʲôء
Ǯһ㵹Ҳϱûֵˣ˵ǲûôϲң
ԬʢЦһôᣬҵȻϲ㰡
֮һֱ˲岻ȥķΧѹˡСһס֣СƵĵû£磬ء

֮УӦ޵õصϵϢ
û𣿡
ǰ׵δأټҲ̽鲻Ӧˣڣǽô
Ӧḧ˼Ƭ̺ȫȥȫֹ
ˣһȸһֻͻΧס
ȫӱǡ
ǣ


 65 

һΪ֪Ĳ, Ǿĳһ, õˡһ·ߣȴȫûټ
Ϊûȥ, ڱų˻ѡȻŴδ, ν໢ضȥǾǿ˻ܸܰͨʱϵں֮, è塣
ȥҲκ֪ȥǡһ㽫սŤת, ֹ, ³аٹٵҲϸƶŵĴüѡ
ȷʵ

һüͷôˣ
Ρ԰׵ɫͷʹʱ˻أȴֻԸڳϢ, Ըͣһա, һδͣ
Ϣһɡ
뾡졭
ΡЦŴĻ, δ, 㵹һ¡
Լ㻰˵һ˴, һ··, һͣ, ֻƵ͸һѣ
㵹ΡУüᴭ
ʱйģ˵ʱǰչֹģ
Ρ΢΢ս˫ۣϵȴŵĸ, ŲסΪβ˵
ΪŵסһƾС
ҿܡ
ܣ
ŷ˵ģҲϣҡ
˵Ρϵ˫ۣü۴Цỽˡ
ΣͻȻЦһϦһ¡
½ΡĲҺۡ
ǾϢһᡣ
˯
Ǿ˯
㱧ö𣿡
ΡƤݺһƺΪ֤ԼƵһִϥ䣬һִҸ£һٱ仹δȫָ̫̫ᣬǱöġ
Цһ󣬡ˣǿ
ΡüĿһ䣬࣬Ϊ̫ÿˡ
ԽⶾԽԽûˡ
һ죬ΰر˲ӽ˽ȥǹ߳ЩȥҸط˯
ΡЦҵķˡ

֮һ·ۣΡԼΪǿӲϢͺƥ̫㣬ʮǱϵ˶ҪȡϵȴЩѡ
ǾϾʿ춼Ӧ޵£ֱӽȥϢձ˾֪
Ҷ㲻˼ǰգ㿴ϦЩ뿪˾ӪŮԽ죬Ծе޲ŮеĹ涨ǾĻͷﻹкüء
ߵЩ㵹ϵã㲻Լǰ
Ϧþò
ƹӣϦϲؿΡˣʹһҲˣ
ߵЩǶ˵źʵӵģصѾͷȻûΡҲδôÿӣһƵƵƣĽʵϦ㣬˭
ѣˡ
󣿣һȺﾪϲ죬һƬһгôƹˣ
ϦһЦ㲻Ǽƹ𣬱Ƕ˵ͿΡƹӣʲô£
ΡҲ˳Ļ˵Щ»
Ǹպðȥɣξǳġ
֮ǰһֱԱŵѷɿ˵󣬳ʾѽơԸ󲻾ãΡţʵϦ·˴˵ء
ƹģҴ»ˣ
ñŮ˻ÿģƹȴߵġƹһ۱ȷϣ̹Цһſⷿ׼ڳҪ𣿡


һƹĽһſⷿվźһָ𣬲ֹϦˣΡҲ̻⡣ͬʱ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƽһȺȫ˹ȥ
㽫һὫŵüΡ
ΡҲ֣Цел˿佱
ſϦδ˵Ů͵سſǻڻˣϦõĺõģˣ
ηס϶ļ磬ᣬ˻ޱӡ
԰˻ޱӡΡ˵Ϧ콫Ц˶ĴˣʵҲһֱϦĴףܼһֱڷء
ϦһڱƵΡ֣СܵͷٴαסΡ˸
㣡
ˣ
Ϧʾ£
ͷ۷ֻˣϦǽȥ
Ϧɫֻ軻һ·ǣƹҲҪȥ𣿡
Ҳһ·ǡΡ㲻ʺŮװ𣿡
ΡһϦһ֣²ƹģȥѣ
ˡҪ˰ɡ
бۿȥ䲻ȵ⣿
ǡҴ
һĹϦѾȹ˹ιȥϱ˱ȣ񣬾ˣ
ΡĿ͵ؿϦݵԼǰĶɫȹ㿴ŰɫһüǽӹֱӴϰǲаɡ
ºƹӴǵĻһصģ֣ЩˡϦ˵һƲ֣ǲſͬɫѵĲء
ϦңͷԭصΡƹȥҪҰæ𣿡
á
ܿ컻·Ϧһͭת¿

~
ôɫΪʲôѡ
Ϧ޹գۣΪ˶֪ɫе²ҲΪ¾ǵ£

˴ɫ
Ťͷһ֣Ӻ˺֡Ҳƹ
ĴŮװΡûʲôоˣϾƤһֱͦģЦЦصл˳ޡ
ȻһϦĻһŵҪױ
ϦͷȻɴǺҲͨһЩİƹӣ㻯һģ
ĵĲŲ

սʱսţעϦߵˡֻһϦôֻ
ǻҪٿٻôˣ
ûʲô롣
ǰƷ٣ϦǳѾ˾֪ΰóߣһСȻǲҵֻĿϦ뿪ɻֵܣе㲻һˣ
Ĳһˣ
ÿ˺ܶ࡭һÿ
ֵܰڰ֣ױ˰ɣŮ˻ױһˣƵġǼѾͷһ󣬼
һߣϦֱӴΡȥ˧Ӫʣסţν໢Ҳڴˡֹ˵໢˿̾ȻҲɫأɳ̳˼
£Ҵ˭~
ҪνѵϦûûС̧۱ͻȻסϲ

 66 

˵ͷֱߵɳǰ, Ρ
νֱͨӵ, ΪʾսʼķչԽüͷԽΡһԲһ, ҲͰ͵ؿԼҽ㡣
ν˳֮һƬƽ̹, տأǱΪ׻ᱻ, û뵽ͨͻȻֹͣ˹
ЦһǸԣú, Ƿ߲һɢɳʱἸʱء
νͨ̽ǰմϢ, ͣ¹һȷΪ߲һ˾½ǰ˵þȳˣ˵һһ
˵·б¶, ˵ŵ໢Ȼ, ôܴ
໢಻סˣһɱÿһǵжͨǰԤӦ֮Ҳ, ʱľͳˣɷ뽡Ǽһ˵ֻ, תҲִе, ӲҪͨжģ
㵭뽡û
˭Ұ໢ŭһ㱻νһ, Ǹ, ûô̡
û£һ֪㣿һٺ뽡ȷʵûӣͷ˵ӿɴúܡ
Ӧޡ໢ͷ, չ֮𣿡
ΪŶ̨Ѿƴˡ˵ſš
ŴԴ㣬Բ𡣡
Ņ̀ͷһֱѧֻż㣬չ̸ֽʵĻᡣҴ̿Ĳֹǽ죬ѵִǿľӡľӱˣԸϣ໢νܲסʲôأ
һҧ˵ףʵ۲ġ
ЦһģҲò
ǾͲһˣ뽡˼Ѳ⣬ʮݽ
໢˵һͱݺһɣЦһ죬ָ׳ĸɱԽԽĺܡ
һ񡣡
໢˲ԭվñֱԸ
ͨļϸץסǷ뽡Ҳץ˼ɺܻ׽ץͬʱػ֤
˵ۣڵ۵ֱ˾ëȻƵԴ˷ŶλȷʵҲһѱϡգٹ٣ԻҶоηͿ־塣ɵǿҰ֮ǽܲʧܣܲˡκ˵ͨУ
ν໢ͬǣУ
㣬أ
ʽ㣬ޡ
һ죬ԼǰҲܽиʵģҲŶ
̾һûٶֻֻԷ뽡Ǿͺá
ӡôô붼ǿδͿʼȷʵῴ
žɥػλԴ̧ͷһõЦأûһ𣿡
һֱվ𣿡
վ⡭ŽĿߵĸŮӡ׼뿪Ӫʵν໢Ҳһ˹
ۣЦͬʱ
ƤΡҲ̲סĬĬŲŲ㵽ⲻ֪ٶСˣŪ໢Ҳ˼شЦ
ЦץסΡŵԼϵ֣һ໢ȥ
໢ŵһЦںͷˮǺͿŷɿˡ
ŵǲ£Цͣ
ҲǵһۣȴЦŵЦˣϱ
Ρ²ˣֱӵϱŶԡ
ͷбۿǼ޹磬Ȼϱ
Ρһ򴽽ϱϱɡܱƲϵá
ŵͷˣҲˡ
ſıӰ̲ס㣡ʵҸʺϣ
ᣬǴС˽̵ѧʵѡܽȻʽİļ֤ȷҲоޡرս֮ϣ˲Ϣ䡣
˾ٲֹΪ˽ƽٹеҲΪԼʼԼĿĶﵽˣ˿ڴˡ
Ųһ٣δͷһ˱䡪
˵һۣұ뿪ٲ
˵ڵĻģ˵˾ȻǵˣǸ㡭ʽ㣬޲˵ˡ
ȻǵøĸЦݣǵᡣռĻǽ㣬ĸĽ㣬ϲҲ׵ˡ
Ȼ㽫Ӫʱס֣ʽ㡭һֱߡ
ȴδ뵽Ρһȿڣǿ²Уҷˣһֱ߲Ŷԡ
͵صɴۣŵؿΡһ㣬ˮĴ۾ذ
δ뵽ǣֻһʼ㿴ˣǸ̳ӣϦĴ׶ԣο㻹Ǹкء
ͷܴ˺ðֱԶŻع޺һţҲϽнˣǶݺΡ
ֱ뿪ӪΡŷųֹסϲãգգ۵Ļʵ۽Ӧûң˿ҪҰ
Ҫ
Ρ죬㲹Ŷ˳ɻƹ
Ρһ㶡
ȷʵûƹɻûøôȥʱ붼δ롣ͻȻӿȴϲãŨɬĲᡭ
أ
ϣһ𣿡
ϣ
Ρë΢ǲᣬЩһϦ֣صữ沿ǵױݣԵԽϧ
Ǳƻһ㣬һǣЦһġ
һСдһ̴ٵĵͺ͵̧ͷ޵񣬵շɺ죬Ρɿ߿
Ŀǡ
һ㶵Ů˰ɡ
һҲ㶵ģԡе֡
ͦÿġ
Ρرһ·вղŵΡ˵ξһȷʵ
Ժͻ̻Ѥ÷Ƿ
ϲƿأβǶЦ⣬иŨ⣬һͣ¡
Ťͷ֮㴽ǣ࣬ˣһΣ
һΡ
񣬷ɿɨΧһ۵ͨ죬ϣʲôأ
һֱֻΡע⵽ѵĽֵһ򾪲޵Ҳͷ첽뿪
һ·첽ߵʱŵԺӣ˶ᴭһ۶̲סЦ
üҪһ𣿡
ҪˡΡû㷴Ӧ˾鲻㣬÷Ŷԡ
书ָ˻δʱһ۷绹ʱ
㾭ܷḻ
һس̬ΡصǰûˣҪ֪ⷽ涼ʦͨġ

 67 

˭ǰ, ҲŶ
ΡɫͻȻһ͵󵯿ס, ҲǺÿ˼˲εؿŭġ
顭ҡ
ǰʵһλŮ, Ϧ°֮һ, 侫տó俱, Ϧ˴νԱʱ֮裬סڻ֮, ʵΪеСԺ
֪Ϧ˴, ûϵ⡭
͡
¿ʲôġ
еΡ
ⲻ֪ȴǱΣ겻ϵģȻһϾʹ󵨵ֱӹ˴žӵǡô𡭡ǲǴŵʲôˡ
Ů˸εʱΡڣ, ͷҧ
˲䱻˻, Ƴһۣ˵ûҧ𡣡˵꿴, ˮ, ҪЩϴ
, ӦǺΡһ, ɵ, Ҫһ𣿡
Ρǰһð
˲Ҫ
Ҫ, ˡ
ߣŲɿ죬ȴԼ׿ԽŶ˽̸۾棬
Ϧ˵뿪֮ǰ˻ַ˯أȥһ˽չô𡭡
ϴϣΡһˬİ£λֿɳɦŪ˵ߵ¡ùǰľƱʵ˴ȫ໢νԼж𣿡
ҲδһۣҳֺױϳʧȻ˵˾Ʊ
Ρ㶵տյ֣۴㣬ˣҿԺȾˡ
Сֱ̧۶㿪Ρһصһ꣬㻹ҪɿڡͣΣȻҲܺȾơ
Ҳܺȣһ͵ľ׺Ⱦ¡
˵ΡùСɵľƺֱһ
ҲûֹֻſڣõľƣƹסˣӦҲ˴ȥһЩɣ֪û
ɡ
ֹƹҲõҾƣһֱ˴ϡǧû뵽ľơ
ֽˡ
Ρ͵վʹźؿ˿ʪһƬأ̧ͷ㣬һ͵αغôõľơ
⡭ͻȻһһŰΡߵϣ⻰ʲô˼ϲƣ
ΡüЦˣҪ֪˾ԽòԽ룬ⶼ಻ˡ
ԽòԽ룿Цһ飬䡣
Ρ
Ρȵȡˣ
źž׷˳ȥ·ͱ£һз˪ȴԭŮ
ҲǶȡ
ΡͻȻԼȻָ书ɴ򲻹ˣߵҲһ򲻹ţùţɴ˵ܿ϶㡭
ҹɫ٣Ρ߿յ̾˰Ȼ̫⡣

ҪıǵȣȴͨٴսͨþգδﵽĿĵķ뽡ٳֶΡֻҪһ
໢νϦһλһ͹뽡һοˡ֮ǰΪβ֣ȫ˴̣δأֻݾߡ
Щֻ֮໢Ƚçײɵսϵ£ȴϸ緢ҲҲԭ˵սϵ໢νǿ
໢̽ڴͨдѻصϢøսĸ߲㵹˻عһ״ֻ˵İСӴƵ͵Ϯͨݣŵر֡
˶֪㣬Ҳк֪ܶһԱͽΪ໢ȻȴС֮£Ϯ
սϵ£ܳΪС֮أ͵Ļˡ͵ϮĳɹôͨгƵ÷뽡ֻȥЭ̡
ҹڷ֮ʱ뽡ͨ͵͵ڳֽͷ
ݲݴͻȻ춯뽡ɿս䵶ͨҲ˲侯ɫΧðˣ໢¶Ȼſڱ뽡Сƭң
뽡˿Ҳˣƭ㣡ƭ㣡δ
ΧȦУ뽡ȴδţٿʲô˼
໢üëһߵ뽡ǰһѾڣʲô˼
뽡໢֣ݵˣ˵Ҫ֤ݵġ
Ҫ֤ݣͨУ㸮ϣõͨ˽ͨţ
뽡ֵ̯ǾȥʽҲ֪ûðɡ˵ЦԹƣֻҪûʲôأû˵ɥ֮Ȯ
˭˵û
뽡һ㶣Ŀ˹ȥֻһߵĺŮɫ֮£·׷ɲ˼֮ˡ
ˣ
뽡ҡҡͷǿЦŵΪҸ˴߾ٰܼ糤ˣ
뽡δɺôСһ𳤴󡭡ŮÿߣṴҵϲˣ
ЦһֱűɱġȻ
뽡㶵Ŀտ㣬ܴȴκ裬ܴŨŨĻĵһֱû˵ڵĳݡ
СȣȴʲôȲöֻ֮ʣݡ
û뵽˻һʼͿˣ
⻰ڷ뽡ȻȼһѻֱʵĻ漤ĲʣҲȼǡ
Ϊ㣡
Ϊң
뽡͵ܵǰһ˫Ѫ˿۽ȻһԸΪβңΪλҪװȫģķչչߣ㣡
뽡͵һſǻǵΪһһЧ
ҲסĬƬ̺㻹ˡ
ԣΪζ̤ƽƹ̤ƽ̤ͨƽڣһͳ£ߵλֻֻţʲô˵طԱƾʲô
飡
һű㽫ķ뽡߷ɣŶͷ΢΢ԼŭŵоȷʵУŶʺι
Ȼؿʹ뽡ѪҲδͣ£ԣ
üͷݺһҧźڣ뽡Ҳϣһƿ
뽡һ㶣ð㲻ǡ
ѾꣿǸʱδҷҲ˽㣬Ҳ˽ҡ
˵ߵ뽡ǰͷʱ˵¡
ԡͯԶϷԡ
б֮ģҡ
һֱ໢νɾ֮ģ޷Ǳ֮ġ
ǵģ¡
˴룬һֱվΡ߳˵̾Ϊֹ
˵ݺݵһۣһǰͰʤһͦġ룬ЩԲ
Լѡ˺θأ
һ㿴սսڽĴͨ䣬һȥǴߵģҲǼӱ

 68 

ƹ, , ͬľ㶼Լĵ䲻⣬ɴͨҪ, װ׵ظϢ, Ĵҡ
һ仰˵Ĳȷʵʺս
ս֮, ʿ˷ܸߺȴδӦһԾ۳սϵŵϥ, ĩ, ֮
΢вؿ㡣
֪һֱԼߣԼ¶ȴϵز͵͵Լ顣һֱšʽ㣬񡭡
Ŀһ, ۵Ͳĳ, 㲻ʱչֵģδ꣬ȴվĻʵۡ
, ˺ᡣ
, ͨҷ, һ
ĩ
㷭, һЦһ, ໢
ţ
һаɫƵڳǹƿն̧סָĥǹһǹ߾١
ͷǹþò
ǹϺӧƮҡ, ֮£Ů֮졪
ɱ
ڶཫʿɱӦͣɱ
ҪѪƽϢǵŭɱ¾ðƽ
Ѫ
ҽС
ɾĴͨʿǵǰ޷֮
ģ
Ͷ
ⶼı䲻Ѫˡ
ͬһĳû¶˿̿־壬ֻĮ
ҲҪͨɱˣŲ֮ģ
Ρ޷սȴܸں󷽣ңңԡѪɱɱ㡣
Ȼʺǹ

˰Ե
ҡҷ
ⳡսһһҹʿȫɱۣȫоƣҪȥ׷㿪ʼӵĴͨ졣
һֵ̧֣Ⱥ˲ʱ䰲Ŀⲻ䲻ȵؿλ໢˵֮ǰǶԸָԸӱµּ⡣
ŭ⣬ϻѪһɱ֮ŨѪζѹ͸
λҶӣҲ˵ֻɫɷ͸ŻҰ֮ɫ
ǿ춥ס˲ſڣҲǣϼǾ˵ְ뽡ΪۼְǱǸһס
뽫һ૵¶Ȼı飬ԣǷ뽫һֱǲҪ֮ԣ˵ǡ³Уս֮²óҵɻ󣬵ھֻӡ
ͷǾͲǾǿͨ㼯ɢɳƾʲôǴýڽڰˣ
Ҳʿеɻ֮ǰֹ໢ñǴҲ
Ų¶ɻɣг
ȻӦֶٸֻҪһΪòģ
ṴٴθΪʿ˴սֲܾǣ֮ѹ֮£֤ݡ뽡Ѻ
ЩԷ뽡жྴ˿̾жŭرʶѾõһλ̲ס뽡ҰӾΪθɳ˵ȺͿ£
ȷʵӦɳ˵ȺͿ£ͬǾˡĿ⵭Ǳķ뽡ֻǷ
뽡һҧߺ˴δͨƶӦ޸ҽҾһжֻܱͨΪƱλ
δ˵꣬һʿߵĿȫնĿ־𾴡
㿴ǣ¶¶Ժ
һˮۣˮܸ۵Ĺҡһλʵۻӹλһ㱻λʵ۶ܱοһ
ҲΪİעŽҲĵġ
֪ﲻˡл
ĿһݣѸ֮ץס˷뽡󣬱Ƶ²ŵţΪҪ
˵̧ۿ󷽣Ϧ̵ͷԶȥ
Ϊ㲻ֻרע£и߹٣Ҫķ͸ĺ˷Ϊľһ̣öã±֪ܽıѣ۳ɸ֮ˣ
Ӧ˽£ΪλҪַӡ
һص󷽾Ӫɸ֪ͨǾ츱˴һӾΧ
⻰һνҲ̵£أ
λ󽫣ʮʤ׷ջʧפضԷͨˣһͬ뾩
Ρ̾һδó֤ȴĻ
һŵˣ޲ϣϻλʽĺҲиʵʰ˽ԸŵźԸʵĽתƵϡ˵ĻȻϼ֡
ΡЦһΪϣλ
δ֮˶ã㲻ϣΪصһá
ۿΡһ겻Ǻ˽ʽ
Ρգգ۵ʱղǿǳϦദġ
ǵ鿴ֱ̨һ˸ϻȥҸõĽ

Ȼ̣Ͼ뾩ԶҲʮաܱߵطס˾ϢˣѻؾȻҲõϢ
Ӧ޹ǰ
ЦһҺܿͲˣǰǰҰɡ
Ӧ򴽲ſڣ磬֪㲻Ը˺߰ɣ뿪ߺķ
ξƱЦҲߡ
Ӧˣ磡㣬ϣܺúûţڵػţ
˭ҲûһĮӦ㼤ģǼǶСʱҲСʱǰ㣬οӦ޵ͷ
Ǹطˣ˭ڵػأ
ֹ̧Ӧ޿ڣ֪ôһֱǵػ常ʵѲ常˭ὫɱԼĸĳ˵أ
Ӧһ㶣ðһһֱ֪
ԣӦǴ֪ˣҲǴ˴ȥ²סͻȻԳһЦҵһʱĲɱ⣬ۡڳƤӵװ֪عô꣬ûҡǸܾ谮С
ɸЩꡭ
ԣЩܺãһʼݳ谮ԼġΪҳ׸ıԼ
Խ˵ЦʱŰ꣬˵ȻǻֵŮ
磡
߰ɣҲΪ˱㣬ЩһֱȨƣزˡ˵Ӧޣ뿪Ӵߺξɡ
Ӧ޵ͷĬƬ̲ҧҲߣȻѡΪҵ׸磬ΨһˡȻѪҲҪ빲
ҡͷ̧ۿɫ̾ȻˣǾɡ

ʮպ󣬸˾⡣㶢ųţĿɱȻ𳤡ǹ

 69 

һ·֮, ͨİΧ˻ʳǡ
ֿ׼־ˣ㲻Ŀ, ڶ֣ǧΧͻΧš㲻, һɹ, ŵİȫʱʱ̿ܵв
ԵǧֻĽŲ
󲿷־Χ, ֻһС˽˻ʳǡ鷿ҵδ, Ҳûų, ֻΪߣڵ˸ôץ㡣
һʣȶһյǻء˵꽫ת㣬ȫҸ, ϲ𣿡
㿴ȻԵõģͻȻ˻, ûĸûŶ, ȴ㣡ʲôȫҸ
ȴҡŵһ, Ŀˮῴ, ûҵ, ЩǱʲôڻ常أ
Ȼʱʱ̱̿飡
ˡ
Ŀ, һĺɫ룬Ǳʲô鿴ҵأ
ЦһȻϲرϲ
ڵȼŭ, ƾʲô˵ϲѵûһֺ𣿣
ûС
нȻھҵĺбϣ
ǹХһ
һԾֱرŶȥ
׷ͫȻһŭأҲ뺦Ŷ𣡡
ŭлΪʧѹڳֻˡһһΡ
ΡˣĵǶڴ
üһ䣬Ȼϲ常ģ
ձ絶һֻԽҡյıһֱδкȫʹ
Ҫôеʡ
Ժܲټܸ常ʵˮƽ

㣡
Ρȷס˵ɳȥ㣬ֱӿһĨѪĿҲһƺ˼ż
£ٴαƵˡźǿ
ؿ۶ۣ쳹ʣ
ߣס֫Ƶò࿹

㶼ȻҲӦԡ
ֻһ죬ϣλʿҲƺһȥ
㱾Ͳָɱ
໢νϦ
䶼Ƕȣ໥֮ϼĬԶԶʤͨһȸ֡
սļƻһѷȥֻѰѣӲͣЪѸ͹Ʋǣס
͵ĴﵽõĽ
ȣ
Ϧ
νסϦԼȴҲһơ
һӣ
໢㻰һ˲˷ɿȥܵ˳Ժ״һ̫ҽǰ
ԺײֹԳҲˡе̫ҽģչֳ˷ͬѰѸݡ
⼸Ծٹ֮Կĳ棬ٳɵģ׷ȴΪ
һֻһֱ㽨
имȴҲãĸġ

ⳡս˶ãûֻ֪֪һһ˵£һһ˴ӹ棬̫ҽԺҩҲ챻Ϳա
˶ƣʱſ¶һЩƣӦ̬֮Ҳڴʱǹǰ
ͼף˿ɫǲ԰ƹɿ㻹¶һЦݡ˼òʧɫ
ǶΪڴˣΪš
һǹûϵֻ֪һЧұ±ǡ
Ϊ˲Ըλ
Ϊˡ
ȫϵĻشһ㶣ʧЦʮꡭȷʵۡ
Ľء
ҡҡͷδ˵һȴҲǹӵһԣ΢ɴ۾
Ҳôǰɱ㡣
һ̣Ȼ֡ͬʱڳ˶ס˺ĿתضšֹΪŽΪѵһĸ
һֱĬվͻȻһˣ
һȴȥν˵һ㶣ð췴ӦȴҲ޻˵ֻɵɵŴ쿴սеˡ
ΡЦӣҲ̫ˡ
ͻһȶ죬ȴһڲֹͻһȣһ·߸ͽһϡ
ҲţСˣģû
û֮ǰһγֻһСڡ̾ԽѵĴԽѰ·£ǡ
һ򣬡޷ʽͱ졣
˲˵
ĶսҲ˹ؼʱ̡ԽԽľͬʱҲԺܵһֱδȻˣһҲܱƳȫʵ
ˣò
ʥµıھƶæҪ֣ûзŹۺƷͬʱ˶Էϡ
Ѫڿн㡪
Ρɿǰס㡣
ץΡֱۣĿŲʡµͻȻЦ
ЦķڵóԸʹ죬಻סԵãɽءЦƺʹİ
֮ǰһÿһ常ģ֮󡭡ȻкޣҲ̲סл常
㡭Ρĵս˫ۡ
㱧סУͬʱԸΪѹΡ
̲뿪Ҳĵ˹קק°ڣỽ㡭
ûлӦ
㣿
㣿
ŻˣΡҲŵ˫罫ƿľŮӽյ˫ۣڲѪԵԽҰ׵ɫ
ΡͫȻæ˱𺰵Ժף
۵úݵĸԺһɫ˲ѿҴһƬƬУڣĪܣҪᡣ
ǰΡ·ʵףô
Ժܴ̾Σ
õˣ֮Ļʥߵıھټ֮ǰҲһֱδ෽£Σˡ
գ˹һѱԺ׵ϳû뵽㡭ϰڹȻݶ
ݶ
ϰڹ⹦纣󿪴ܰԵЩƲݶ
˶ɫһ䡭
ھУܹġʥߵ
뵽뿪ʱʥ˵Ļæ´ȴһƣڵأҶΡʱס
Ժף£˻δúϢǡ
ţʽ㣬֮ҿԴģ
Ϧ£úˣ
ֻΡȥģ㡣
ս֣Ҫȥ

 70 

Ρ׼ȥ, Ϧ׷ȥ, £Ӧޡ
üͷ, ģ
ڳ, ˯ѨҩԱ߻һš˵
Ÿҿ
һĿʮп, һ䲻ȵŪŸҡ
һŵ˻δ, ϡ
˵ͷ, £ҵǱ
βǱޡŻףĿ䣬޵
δ, ȴһ, ׵ǣ¡
һߵ, ƿΡ㲻Ҫȥ, ҡ
á
֮ǰʱҲ, һչĵĴΡ뿴һ, Ҳ֪Ըø˿
İ, ҲηҲֻҴΨһСͷ±λٲⶼɱ˵Ķֶȥ
ʪߵ̲߬Կɵؿ, ¡Ҫǹ죬˺
š
˭ܸıأ¶ûס
̲̾һԿšһȥȴסȥͷҡ
̲вˣǹСģ¸ոȨķǡ
̲뿪ſڡ
شΨһһС룬ֻηСվǣȻªη롣ƯſɼϸС΢Χܡ
˼䣬õɡ
û뵽㻹Ըҡ
첽ߵǰۣʵȥ£
ȥΪ
͵ذסļ磬ʥɽ֮ϣȵҡ
˵Ĳʾ䣬ȴǡ
㣡Ȼôܻʥߵھ
Цǲãֹɱ˻˵ĵӡ˵ץ
ɫһ䣬֣֮ܶԿ˼Ʋǰű㺰Ϊξң
ɫ԰ףЦ常ȻҪ㡣
ŭڣͻȻ߬죬ȻĴңΪβԸĴŶΪҪɱĸ󣡸ʵ֪ϢҹͣϧվֻΪ㣡
ȴɱ
㣡
ѵûһ˿𣡣
ʵķŭ뼤͵һѪʹ֮£ȴһҲδ뿪һ롣
ް̧㴽ǣûΡҺҲԼϲˣӦ⡭
ߣħǶ޷ˡֻǣֻǡ
Ȼ£Ϊ
ҲȫǣĸŰɱ׼֪֡һֱΪܾĥҪذ֪ǣûҲὫЩ˶ɱˣ
Ṵ˴ԵҸлңûнҴ
ɱˡ͵١е¥һС
˼ĵ޷ֽزԸ뿪
ִȴΨһĹ⡭
ȻôΪҲϣһֱˡ
ӡ
ЦһԣҾǷӡúһһ¡
͵ƿߵű߻㣬Ҳ㡣֮ˣҲǡ˵Թжرһա
һ㣡

ʧ˴ݣƴ˷ӲһǽӴϣסԼץ֣㲻
ҿԣڹķġ
ɾͿԼ
Ǳ㽫ЩΪһˡ
ĸĸҪԼĺӻر㲻ң㣬ţոȨ˭
ԽԽ㶣˵곰Ц˼ǣ㽫ҵԼĺӣ
͵ƿ޺ףеʧȥǣƾʲôƾʲô
ͻףηȴеĺâۣϵۡ
ûض룬ɺѪӡ
Ҳδֻ̧԰ױָ⣬ḧա
Ǵ󽫾Կޡ
ϵ£سذףѪе
ۣѪѾһƬڣȴκۡһкڵ¥֮С
ԿƵ빬ʱ򣬸˵Ļ
常ܹܶ࣬Ҫ棬Ŷ~
ֻĸ
˰òеرסСŮɵԸ𣿡
ǺðɡСŮ鲻ԸӦ˱ܵǰͷһС̾һвԸ㶪һɶһס֣Ư常˵ſС֣磡
ŮһЦܽи磬Ҫл塣
Ǹ磡

ĵһμ棬Ŀա񡭡
ѩ£һĨ۽תߵӦǰһ١
˵ˣûΪʬˡԴߣҲұ𡣡
Ӧҡͷ粻㣬Ҳ㡣
ǣԶ뾩
Ӧǡ
߽ʪͨ䣬ȫ֮ˡһ·߳Σ̨ףΡ
㣡
ֽɡ֣Ρɿ½ס㣬˷𣬱
һֱܺá
Ρ͵Ӧ
ҲǵãǼ
š
ԸŶһЩһ᲻ɱ
š
Ҳᡭô꣬кδһ֣ʱʱ̣̿ԽԽɱ
𣿡
ǡҸոɱñʹ죬ǡ
͵ץΡֱۣΡʹĽĽ
Ҫ
ΡĬĬΪ䲹䣬ҲԼ˸ͬܵʹ⡣ҪģҲǡ
ûӮ֣֮ѡԼиҪ顭ܣ޳
ƵǴ󽫾Կޡ
ΡЦŰסףǾͲſޣ˭Ҳ֪
֪
Ρգգۣޱһ壬ѵҽ˵ȥ𣿡
ġ
ΡЦ¸ࡣ
ΡȻʧЦ԰ôѱڷϣкξأ
˵Ρû˵һԵɡ
ˮȫѩѸȾһ֮ء
֮䡪
·ֻʣɡӵӰ

 71 

ⳡѩԽԽ, ڳҹ֮, һƬѩ׵ľǽĶ졣Ҽһ, ̿
ֻйǰվˡ
໢괵ͷϵѩ, εҪǽȥɡ
Ϧ໢ֱۣ۾ŽֵԶ, Уҵġ
νҲ
໢üĿһ, ǵȻ, ҲⱧһһվ˼ʱˣ۲۰ҡ
˻δܵҲ壬ȻδϡϦ˵, ໢һָֻСƵı, һ߾Ϳν
νһۣȥ˵껹ԼŲ׼ȥˡ
໢Ͻһ, , Ҫ˽϶ѵҡ
ʱҲվ, ǵȵ£˵, ȥ
໢㶵԰, ŵȡ
ͻȻһЦ໢ŭν뵽˶ԲԣҲң
ν࣬Цܴ, ໢ʱǵ٩Ϸʵ˼ء΢֪Ҳû뵽ô
һ
ʹ
໢̷ŵô˿ˣ
νһġ
٣໢һĵؿֱƣüĿؿνΣֻһӲ˻ƽϡ
˵ĺܼƽƵġ
»ˣ
໢׼ȥ;һգæϦι㡭Ѿͷ˼ŽҲƵġ
˵оһֻһգæ׷ãϸƵĺһ㣡
ԼǿΡ³Щ
ôˣ
ڸ𣿡
ء
Ρ̼ӿŲߣ໢һ߸ſĸβƹӡֶɱˤŽ
һ׺ݵĵӽ໢δĻ˻ȥԭһ᲻Ҹﰡ
ĸ˻Լϱ˱Ϧ˵໢չ˫֣߰ɣ
໢ԹرŮȴԹ㻹ұ㡣
Ϧͷ˸ֻǱ˵ϱ죡ƹӣ
֮ǰҴܺͳϻֽҴ
ϻܶ׳ء
໢һҲǣѿǵԣȷʵͦ׳
ͷνЦ
һͷΡѱݣҲʪ͸ĳ󿴹ֵھɢιȥΪзꡭĹȡ
ϳѯʵΡظЦ
ҡҡͷͷдҩǼᶨغܿ⣬ֻԼҩη纮ˡ
Ρ۰ͰͿųдһùҩոת㱻ץסק˻ȥüɻؿ
󵭵ҲˣȻ书ָĵӲָܻô죬ոձ¶ֶ
Ρһҧ粵·ˮ
üӵأ
û
ǾԼС
ΡһĿڣҲǷҲǡ
¡飬ҩȥҩ
Ԭʢһʵѵ˾ֻʷңʱµĹܼұ㽫ǰȥ˾еһլۡؼӡ
⼸ű˻ֻԬʢһһסǱߡ
δԼүȴŤͷзƵŲ˽ȥץҩ
ûطΡһţ㡣
Ҫǿ˽үһֻңɿ˵ץҩһش˳ȥ
ſڱϦסô
´ȥҩ

ɿܿϦ˻ûأһҸó
Ϧĥߣ׷׷ȥֻƵСں
˰ҲûлӦƵǶң
໢ڰ֣أˡ
Ϧ뿪νĹ֣Ŷһ
ڣΡרעΪԼдҩĳЦŵ֮ǰ㲻ɱ𣿡
һ٣дߵ֮ǰҵĵվ㶾ѾˣҺαɱ㡣
㲻ϲ𣿡
±濴ΡҲϰĽ֮ģΪ֮ˣҾ֮ĸһУҲС¸鷳
ΡüͲϲ
üƾʲôô˵
ϲ˵˵ǻþһŬðĽ֮㡣
Цû뵽ƹӻ㸾֮
鰮Ů֮֡Ρ˵Խ⣬´ûϲҲûϲɡ
ҲҪ
˵Ҫ㲻ҪҲűϲ㣬˵סΡ𴽽ǣЦǳ´ʵû
ơ
ô໰˵
ŤͷѾüǵ㡣
ɿһҴһԵؽȫҩ䣬£ȥҩ˵ŵĨ͵ˡ
Ρ׵ǰգգ޹Һû˵
Ǹո˵ǹ
Ρɫǡ
һ֣ƿΡȥ໢
ˣ
໢ͷûһͽˣ˳Ϧν
㿴üͷֱ壬ô
£˺õĲˣҸ£
ɱģ໢սľۼֿؽϦﵽϡ
Ϧչһ£֡
Ůͣ㿴໢ô
󲿷ʧգɴͨЩҲûô֪ˡڽ֡
뿪ʱԤ뵽ǲΪݣУڵĴʵ˽ⲻ
÷뽡ȥսϤ
໢ɵɷ뽡Ǵ֮
׸йṩ֤Ҳǽ۹
ǣ
໢̤ŵʱͻȻȵȣ
ʲôԸ
Χ˶ãȻӣüģ̾
ô꣬ϰˣֵЩҲϰˡ
ȥʾ£²ͬ⣬ȥ
໢ʶϦνһۡ
㵱ôԸ⣿
໢ڨЦԸԸ⣬ȥ
߱һҪͬ뽡ǲԸֻ̡ǽأ˭סϦν˼ɵļһأֻܣ
ٺ٣˽֮ģ
ͬ뽡ٸԭְ
໢̵س˱ӽ߳ͬ£ǲ̫γˡ
ؿȥǾãҪɱףɱ֮ˣΪ֮𣡡
µ˲ɷף͵ع²²ҡ
̾һǸ޵ĻԸ㣬ҲҪʧˡ
¡ף
ʩΪ֮ǻʽġҲǸʽ̹ġ
ϾѾãȴδȾһ˿̨̨ƴСǸʡΪ̵ġ
̨ؿڣĿԶɫ
ףΪǱˣŶ֪һܡϣĽܰ

뽡صȻʿжԹɰھصô뽡ĽȥñֶԽʿǲòóϷ˱µľ
һ£ͨӱ׽ʧȫջء
ֻսƽҲ˳ûǱ
̶֮Уһ˴Żסȫëñֻ¶һ˫ǰ۾ңң򣬵ૣ硭

 72 

, ϵĹԱЩӵ½½ꡣЧұµĴ඼ϳ, Ըһ޲̴ǹٹˡ˵˵ȥǳϵµĹԱ, һ緢ġ
˵Ҳ, ֮ǰ˭֪һԸأװĺõúܡ
ճûͨ, ԼͳȥӭˡӳĵλԽȹˣҲ治²ǰ󳾡
ŮŲһһ, ͻȻͷ޴춯, ԼµŭйĹŮŵ֡
̫ܹüϸŭ⣬ѾͷǵһС¶ɲá
ūū֪
, Ŷķ
̫ܹۿŹŮĵıӰ
ǰڲö, ɵúúźˡ
﹫ǻȥ𣿡
̫ܹ, Сź㳤ġ˿洽Цһ, , Ļ, , ϸŵǡ
һй΢΢ǵģ﹫
ڵȷʵû˵ʲô˵£, Ρ
㣡û˵ҲҪȥƹ
ڲ𣿡ӹ豭Ƴһۣûͳˣһ㡣
أ
ֱö׵ϣ£УҲͬ⣡
ΡЦе²ͬҲûϵֱӰߡ
Ʋ쿴һȣ뷭죿
Ρüȷʵ죬ԸǾͲһˡ
㣡
ͷʹذ˰üģעǻʵۡ
㣡
һ̾ѾӦˣֲǲ˵һٸĿڵʵڲͬ⣬ĩʥ
ɵˣӹԹã㣬Ҳ˼
еһЦǱǴӦˣ
ŹƵŶ
Ρֵﶪһ⣬˶ڹá
ҲûãΪֵѸ£˵롣
ˣΡɵˣðŷӦźʲôУҲͬ⣡
üôȥ
ΡͷС͵͵ȥ
͵͵ȥ
Ρͷֵһ֣ҲһҪ밡
õİ취
Ŷ
̵㣬Ҫȥһò˳˾ϻҸҸõġ
ΡһûбҸõġ
Цһ˵⻰
Ρ͵ؿ㣬һ˫Ư۾ʳĺġ
ɿһţûбõġ
㣡˲ܹţ
ߡ
Ρŵ߻˴򼸶پˡ
Ρˣұá
Цй˹°ͣעŵ㣬ɱ̫Ρ
Ρ͵ͷ˳һջȥָ͵ɹһЦ
һ߿ͻȻ̾˿
ãѹģ֡

֮󲻹һգͳϢ㴫龩˵ʲôϡ棬ǰ͵Ļ飬⵹ˣҪ͵ʲô
ɴǱӾͲôˡƹˣΡĵܵܣƹүϢ㵣ĵļӿ˽Ĳ
ԽŲԽϣҲԽĻ۽𾦡
㣬ñ
ٲˣС˹ʵûˡ
۵ٲˣСģ
䶼Ϊƣ׼֮Ĳ޴󡣶СǾȴηǡƺԳƣǳòƹ˵һʽ
߱ʣģǸʲô
ߣͨʱһ嶼ˣСֻͶݡ
ѹͺá˵첲С岻ûǹξٴشͨȥ
ƺţ˿˳Ļ˵ͱ͵ؽҵñӡ
ƹˣ
һСô
ѹƹսŰܡ
ʯð뷨ͬʱһơδȫΪ£û뵽ȻҲֻ˼ߺȸ֣źŵ
ҧ׼壬ĲֹȻаա
ƹҲһġ
Ȼų沿ԽԽ٣Ļûһ֣˽ҲҵЩ϶ˡɺܿ죬ûܺ˼ĻᣬΪ˵صؽˡ
ͽֽ³Ѹһֻûڷ顣
ȫע׼Ӧһʱȴ˳뿴ᣬּѵãαء
ΪҪ¡
ҡҡͷҲ۸㣬úα
˳£սϹȻ˿գڴ˿ʵɰǹ΢ɲЦ
˳ֱƴУѲ˶޵ϵ죬µգ˶ɥڴˡ
Ρ֪Լܴܵ˿Σ㴲µ룡
㽫ĿŲƳһۣѾˡ
붼ɷǩ𣡡
ǵĻҲûǩ֡
ΡһµӴϵûǩ֣
һ󲹳ΪҪ㡣
㲻Ҫң
ΣյۣһʼҲԸ𣿡
ΡɫһЦûвԸ
Ŷ
ΪԵʣ˫Խִӻɣֻ˸оеһж˫۾ǰΡ
ΡһóŲסȷʵûвԸϾȢ൱ʮ֮ʦ
ϲ㣬㻹ȥҩ
Ρһ⣬ߵӶϣغˡ
ģ
Ǹ
˲ֵֵЩ⡣
֣ˣû׼ˡ
ɫ˲Щ޼£
ǲǷˡ
Ρһ㶡
Ҳ˯ˡ
ΡɵˣžͱӲƳšΡŽյķ̾·Զ⣬Ὣ¶
ȷʵк·Ҫأ˽֪ԸԸ
ΡüĿһᣬһž˹ȥ˵ʲôأ
ڿɴ򲻹ԼүˣֻܰӴӴġ
ΡҲ˻һߣȥٻڹģ
үɱѽˣָͰϳȥ
㻹˵
Ҵˣ
ԶΡһŭ׷ȥ
һƬͣθȴһƬġһӶһж㣬Ҳ࣬Žڡ
ǲֹνѵûЩô

 73 

˵ⳤôŶԸ, ϣʵ۵, ҪȥˣҲܵøôɡ
ұڶԳҲ, , Ҫȥҳ£ܽǾ͸ˡ
ǶĸƵ, ҪĶ岻, 㿴
ҶӾͺˣ
νԹһ, ĿؿǰҾ֣΢֮ͨǻʸЩ
һֱλ, ôͳ˵ģȥȡҷ
Ҷȡ, ӵ´νļ磬νֱ̧һ, ֵ۶, 󽫲кֱӡ
֮𾢷, ֻջ, õŭӣ
νм, ƴɱ
δˣأһŶòϧһԼõԴɣ
˵תȥſһЦҽǸոյĻǾûأ
˲ûװģ, ܻغס
üҶһɳĶȸ֣Ҳֻóˡ
νһ·֮߳˴ţ˵ڴ˴Ϧ໢ǽ̤Ϲ顰ҡ·
Ϧָ߬סν°ڣΡ磬ѹ
ν𴽽ǣģδڴ㲻ʧ
໢߱ߴս˵㻹һӸû㵱ˣرǵ
Ϧŭϻ
ν΢΢̧֣˵Ҳûȥֻ뿴лڹ֮ģҵΪ˵ϼ仰лһѪ֮顭
໢ɿһҲѹҼͷӿϲˣҪ㵱ɶӡ
໢Ҳһ˵밲οονȴû뵽ӵҲͦġ
໢۾һɣҲ⣡ҲŲҪĵܣ
һءν໢еı鹴һЦˣع
ǲûȥĵط
ڶ죬æΪǻʵ۵ʮŲ豭æƳνЦˡ
νһ㶣ع𴽽ǣ͵һ
ĻѾˣҲ׼ˣʲôֱӺ͹ܼ˵ԺסڹǻԼĸۡ㡣
ν㣬Ȼϣڽߡ
ѵüģЦһǾ͸£ʲôʱˡ
Ρ̾㣬δŮδ޵ģסһǲ̫ðɡ
ƳһۣҪȥӦ㡣
û뵽ԼĽţΡЦһЦ⡣
ƹӣѡ
Ρһ㶣ɻʲôѣ
ĪȻϴѡ
ҡҪȥ𣿡
ŶĳȻҪȥ
˵Ρ죬ϦҲһ£ѵ£ƹѾˡ
һ㶣ˡ
ܣ˵Ҫȥģȥˣ
ʧЦԶһﶾһõظСƵġ
£ҪƹӰ
⣬˭ɡ
Ȼû˸λû˵ϯλ¾ȻҲΪΡһ͵͵Ԫ͹ﰡ㿴ҲǸƹүӣΪʲô밡
ԪԼҲ벻ֻͨһֵ˵£Сӱ졣
ҲֹǣҲɻýⳤΡμ磬»ڻ֮УǸһʲô˼
ǿһϢԼӵܰջأûᡭ
ΡյߵöڿأǶŴλá
ɨһȦۿΡҲкöڿ㣬ƹ˺Ҳûء
Ρ˵ȴͻȻʹ˲ɫŤ
ԲĳԴףΡи˵ͬʱе㾪֣ǵȥƹʱ򡭡
ܸо
ӣ
뺨Ѿ˺ٴʣֵˡ˿ߵУһ°ڰȥǴ󽫾һְȨ׼
˻һһƬȻ
Ŀ⸴ӵؿû˵˵̲סˡرϵһ佫
£򲻿ɰ
ǰ¸ոķҾֲŶԡ
ڴͨƹǰڵ֣֮ĴڶǱ尡

ǳŵ޲ɣ໢νǶп뱾ƥе֮ţҲ

ͷν໢죡
ţ£佫֮ǣŹ⻪ҲӦˡ
ųʽѾˣ
ǵģ¡
һ㲻Ǵ󽫾ķһƷйܿȫ֮Ȩ
һ㶣£
Ŵλ߳ߵǰһǣΣһȥƹǲǾͲԸˡ
ôܡ
ҲʹӣȻ㲻᲻ν໢
㣺
ȷʵЩСŶˡ
ҡ
͵ס֣ҧ㲻׼뿪ޣʥּ
̾һǵģ¡
󣬻س·鿴ʦˣ͵͵ΡŲŲ
໢̲סǲˣ
ɿһҾͲǾˡ
ǰҶǸڽߵģ
ԺԼ𣿡
ã
һЩ˼ȡϦſڣ£ô͵͵һðһң
ū𡭡
Ҳ뿪£
ûв׼ǻع
νȷʵңΪǡ
ϦͷŵΪ˷ֹʧ٣ȥƹǣ
ɵۣƵ͵͵˳ΡΡһЦǣҺ㡣
ƹѾºˣ
磡
ƹŮӻӭȥƹָأ
һ˽һģĵΡƿԡ
ƿûáֿˣ
/£
ɫҪһȥǾҪ˹ˣν໢ô죿
໢첻ǹܵͦõҲȥҲ
ǲϹܣ
ŭ⣬໢ڨЦϣȻϣ
ΡƵסǣ˵
ƳһۣЦҲǣǴʱ͹ܲסǣ˾͸ܲסˡ
Ρһۣܲܲˣ
ֵػصͻȻ£һƹǱ˾
üһˣ
ǵģʵҲˣҪס´ǶԷ޽˾ˣͳ¡
ԬʢʶˣҲʶ㿴Ρһȥ

 74 

Ԭʢסλ빫˲, ҲֵĽֵ, ˿ƹˣΧھӶһҲԵ, Ϊ, 񡭡
Ҫץ, ôҲȰ
ԬʢЦңǵʱΪζ˵ذң
Ǯѵú˺, ڵ췢˿, ޼漦޹湷һҪô졣
ŵͻȻͨǮ̽ҪҪ˲
ԬʢĿעǮ, Ȩ졭, 㲻𣿡
µȻµģֻҪһ빲С
Ǯ, СҲֺֻҪ͵һ, ȥĶ£
ԬʢȸжּǮ, Сͷ, Цû, ųү˱ǵġ
㲻˵
䴫ľʹԬʢ˲Ťɫи̵ոջˮأŮ˱죡
֮Ԭʢӭȥ, ҲδʣֱӴΡڡ
ֻһӣɫҰףѪΣľ
㲻ʶоΡȻʶģ½ŵز鿴˿ڡ
ü˭
Ҿŵ
üͷøƹүʲô
㡭
ڳӣˣȥԸ㿴ԬʢһңҲһ

صӦٶƹȻΣ˵ҲƤˣڳտҽ£һʱ䣬ת
۾ͿΡ硭
Ρһֱó䵭ı¿ʵʱȻҲĵǡҲûοֻس˳㣬Ӧýɩӡ
ЦһĬƬ̺磬Ǻ𣿡
Ρɫһ͵ΪҸõػƹ
ΡȷʵɫԷģ˵˴ǰҪϢ磬ƹӣƽգٹ٣ᰶߣӣд㡭
Ρû˵ȿڣãڴȥƹǲѴ֮ˡ
˲˱Ρ̾ڲĻڴʱ
ɣᡣ
㻹
һü㲻Ҳ춺ҵ𣿡
ΡһҭסĬ˼һŵ㣬ұˣ㡭
֧򦴽ҼȻӦˣһȥ
Ȼٲ뿪໢У˺֮㼸˻̤ǰƹ·
ȥƹ·ϣҲһοˡ硣
㣬ˮ~
㣬~
㣬۲~
˭뵽ʢ⣬Ȼʧȥ书Ҳ¹òɼƹүȻˡȵһ档
ϲԣֻһ̲Լĸ͡ɩӡãŵԽԡڻ̲סڣ顭
ҲҪʲôЦүĽԺԸɻ飬Կɾء
˭ڣǷģ
һ֦ؿڵܵԣǷġһ˵һ߽֦̿𡣵ȳԱ˽ø·ء
ӵľǩһֻӾˣ
ǸȴЩ˼нؽľǩˡ
û
ʮ
ûŶȴô࡭˵ŴӻڳƸˣ𳤵øݹ᾵ġ
ΡüĿһᣬݹˣ
Ķǡ
㱥вһƳΡ̾һڵͷȴЦ
Ρ˵СҲھģ
š
α
ûǸ
û
šÿζ˻ߡ
ű˼ԽΣֻлЩġ
ɩӲ˶ҲôÿҲĺദ
ɶСɩӣ˼
˲Ʋ£ɨΡһۣһ
㣡

Ρͬʱԥվߵߡ
һЩҰļɣԺǱĶ
һֱŶǮСȥһѧ
ΡһҲȥ°͸㣬ҲҪѧ
һۣ촳ѧʲôѧ
ֶκһ
Ρ˵͵͵ӺסδץͱݺĿ
Ѿ룬ƹӻء
Ρ֣Ȼĵֱ֣ĵ
Ƥֱ飬̲ס磬ԽԽˡ
ɣոճСƨһҶϱˣ
䲻ȻصϱѾˡ

һ쵽ͻ۸С
Сһˣ
㰫
СظΡɥߵԬʢߣԬ硭
ԬʢЦֻ㳤ԸٴγףҲעǸūˣҪ١
δ˵ǰ꺰ˮ
ΡۿԬʢƨƨߵ˹ȥ㲻Ҳǣ

ƹһƬʵɽһƬƽԭһ·ûпջֵһ·ߵüѣ˵ΡḻǿҲޱѩԭϾΡ廹δָ
Խݣһֻ۾ȴŹһŪΡ⾯衣
ӽ߾ΡѿɫЦܵĴ׶ԣ
ΡЦδ𻰡
ģΪԴףΪԽԽƹǽӣصЩŮӴյǰ㣬Ŀ
̤ƹ߾֮ȴȫûЩˡ
ƹϱߵĳȴҲ߲ȥֵȼˣһݡ

ͬǡ
Ҳû뵽ʱרעڣֻ֪ƹսȴ֪
ΡձʵԺδ
ȱȻѸٴֱȳ
ȷʵ˵˴ȳѸ͡ͻȻƻ޴󡭡ȴҲر졣
Ρ뵽˲ԣ˵ҲȾˣ
ԡ
ΡҧһöҩϽŹ£Ⱦߡĸ󣡡
в˲ʵ壬Ρһߣذǣ
߲ΡıӰ
ƹĹӵԷųԭĹ⻪
æҲ뿴Ρȥģ

 75 

ƹ˵˵ů紺, һ·ȴߵøѡΪ˴＾, ȻӰũ£üͬʱ, ;֮ʤ
, ȻϲΡҲôϲԵ쳣ĮΡ, Ȼ侲Į
ٴӹȵİգ;ϢʱԬʢ̲סү, 𣿡
ΰ
ҵ֪ҵظ̣ү;ү, ְܳ
Ȼأ
Ԭʢһ㶣Ȼ󣿡
߲вֻҪⲻ, ǻûл·
Ԭʢβ֪, лвʣв, Ρǰ, ػ˵һ·ȫ֡
ǰΡЦһ, øл᰽̻ҡ
̻𣡡ûػ, Ԭʢֻܿ, ֣Σ
طܣдԱܣʵ, ҲҲ̧ۣĿĮϵ£顣
ԬʢһҭƳΡһ۵ͷҧҹȻ飡
üͷһ壬çȻĿ
Ԭʢ۾һɣǣȲıԶǣ
㵭ĿǾޣȷҲֲ㡣
ʱԸ´ԵǮԶԶͿԬʢһı飬߹ɻôˣôͻȻˣ
ǳܻؾһһ䵭ģֻһƵûʲô
ϻ𣬷УΡߣЦеոΪ˵𣿡
ƳһֵͷŪѣûָ˵ƹң˵ĻˡΪԼŶ˵ء
ҲҰ

ģ
ķ˿ɦһƿûһԴִ˹͸ֻСƵĹֻЦ˰ɡ
õģˣ
һۣ׼С
Ρգգ޹ۺϢûƹء
һǣưѾ˴ȥˡ
ΡȻƵ㶯Ҳ̫ˡ
Լʵۣһȥܵƹʵۡ˵ɦɦΡ°ͣԣҪԡ
Ρüһɣ͵ץס°ֵ֣֪ұ𣿡
һ㶣һֱΪΡԼһʵ٣
꣡
ᰴ۴Ρ濴˶ٲŶ͡
ʵԲĳЦЦɣ
Ρһҧһˣ֪ҲСˡ
㶯˶ЦڲõĲСİˡ
ΡʶһһЦ߻Ρĥίʹ󺰵㣡Ǽұ
ûõĻӦ˹磬ɡ
ûûС
Ρ׼֣²ػһ󣬡ҲõĴҲõıĸˣպֵܾûˡһǵСʱÿɻˡ
Ρɫһʲôʱ㣿
Իϰ䣬ʵǣ
ĦȭƵΡأͻȻ޾סקȥ
ܣҲֻᡣ
⻰ΡϲԽ̵ظϳ¸˵ܵģ
Ρһ㶣Ц̾ԣ;ԽңҾԽư
ȥǡ
Ρ㣬Ĳƹա
üԣǷ
ΡҡҡͷЦֲǵһʶ㡣
䱾ʣȷʵѪģΪŮӣȴȫѹԼУ侲㣬֤Լս޲ʤԼֺγˣһαѣʱ䣬㽽ϨļѪοʮꡭ
ְ֮£ǸϵưԴңҲδֱʹڿջţҹȥ˻ҶԵĸϡ
ƹȫϰ䣬ֻҶΡãЩգԼͻȻٹĺ˽һһ߲źۼȥ׼ˡ
ҪڣͼժҶԵһ㶣ŵؿ˺һŵү
ΡЦþòˣݺ
㣡ҶϲԽرΡһ£εҲֻݺˡ
ΡҶԵļ磬ǳЩ⣬ݺ
˵ˣ˵ˣ𣿡
ġ
Ρû˵ҶԾȲ̫ˣʱ׵ʱҾͷԣ㣬ûôŰɣӾ֮紵ɹĿ϶Ǹ˵Ůһ뺷Ľƹˮô˵֥᰻һֱڡ
ΡҶ˵һʱɫͽˣֹҶԾټ˵֥ᰡ˸ľͷƵ㶵ǣһͷһ
ֻŵܶ£ֹǰģ
ϧȱ˸ֹҶԼ˵
һ̧һһľżֱɢܣĹذڼһأͬҶԴ˿̵ģľʹ
ֻǵһ䣬ֻ
ŭڣɰŮүģҶֻҧǿЦû¡һŤͷȴΡ⳥Щϡܾˡ
ɻյǰүͱŮ˽ˣеĺֱܲӡ
Ρ
ŵǣүȻôԹԹȥˣͷһѵӡ
ҶԴСڳж꣬ԲʲôҲˡСʵүŮ˭
Ȼصɩӡ
ɩӣ
ƹҲֱľү˽ҲĸԸؽɩӵģҲֻүķˡҶðȴΨһܵĴ𰸡
㣿
Ťͷԣ㡣
˵˻ֵ˾ǰʲô
ҶھҸطԼϳ˸ЦҲ֪ʲôˡ
ˣ˵ɱϲŭ޳һŭʬҰ
ո˵ĻûĸŮ˻᲻ɣ
Ҷ͵͵ŲŲ˶ıȴû뵽ֱԱһ磬λεرʾ
ԼԼ𡣡
ҶֻܱǽѰҰȫУʵүǺ𣿡
ΡһüΪ˰һƹҷˡ
ɲҷľһ̧һΡǺܶڵˡݺﻹ֥ᰣ֥˭ǰã
Ѳƶ飬ҶԸϽ֥֮Ůү÷үȥ׵ʱ׷ȥ˼أǱץȥģ
Ҷԣ

 76 

ҶԿΡ±ķŵò, ŵؿΡ, ү书ָˣ
ԡΡĦȭ߽Ҷ, Цݺ, ߲ˣ
ʱҶԹƻϲ, ڡ
͵͵⿴ۡ
Щ԰׷ĻôĶ
֪ƵƿڣҴˡ
ҶĻǶѵصģϢȫ̵ү, һȸֵĴġ
ҶǱΡĹ, һЦͿ㣬ˣǸ֥ȷʵү÷һֱһԸүǶǲٴɫ˵Ѿ˹ү޿ˣ
ģ
ҶԿͷ, ްԣ
Цһ, ֧򦿴Ρо
ôܣΡ𴽽, Դֺõؿ, ɰٴ
ҡҡͷ, Цݽ, , ȷʵ
ϲԽүҶֻһᡣСΡãӰٻģжÿ
ҶԿ㣬Ůڰ, ¶ü۶塣ǰŲͻȻǰͱ˵ס̧ͷЦү
Ρһ˵ҲȾǳҪ˭
ᵽ£ҶҲһʼ´ɾүһߺĲͻȻ񻯣̫
ΡЦĸѳֳ
ҶüǣҲ֣ĸ빬̽ɱ˻֮ĸ׻ϵҷһ밲ӣҲһĽ˵̫æ
ĸ꣬δʧʱĸңᰰڲұĸһ桭
㣺͵͵
ΡЦ֪ĪҲ𣿡
ҼȻƹȻҪ㡭ߵűߣͷȻҪȥҪ졣
һᰵ֪ǻϢض
ΡͬͷҶȴסΪ¹֮¿üۣƹŮӾûеģüĿ
ҹɫڳ۾¹⡣˭Ҳ޷˫۾ǰľɫʧɫ˵һμүʱľޡ
ɩҸҪˡ
Ҷ̻񣬶ΡΣյĿͷүСġСģ
ȡõΡõŻ˵ʲô뿪Ҷ˿үȥ
˵ԽԽãɩһϵĸ֣ʱҲסǡ
һһϣ
ȻƹҶԶ̲סΪ𾪣ȻĵĻ
۾ÿ
ֹ۾ÿҼŮӡ˶ٲǣҸڶ书ָˣСı
Ҷһ⣬ЦôǣǲǺ𣿡
㻹治
Ҷҡͷҵǣǵı¡Ҳϲ֥ᰣɾΪƹһŮͷӲ˹С˵Ҫǿ
ü
ˣѪ޷ΣֻϲӵõĶɩӣȷʵԳ֮Ϊá

ƹʹɭϵĵطɲ˵Űǰ˵ҲǲһмϤʹεΡ棬ֱ֮
öã˱㵽ƹ̫޹⡣
ɳϵǣ˴
ӦѾ֪һˡ
ѯʣ㲻ȥˣ
ȻҪȥΡüһ䣬ס֣һϵĸְңкξ壿
Ц߰ɡ
Ϣ޹ԾϺȥ㿴ڷ۵ġƹ̫󡱡
һۣΡüĸ󡣡
ȷ
֮پտҲƭ׽֮ˡ㣬ҡ
˵ͷһԾֱ˼̫δӦ֮ʱһ߬ס˫֣һסʺĺӲ˻ȥ
ȻΡɲÿ
ΡҲһԾ£Ŀݽ̫󣬳ŭ˭̫أ
̫ȴûбץľţ㶵ؿΡ۾һգ͵촽źȴ˵
̫ϤӦʶˡ
Ρ㣬˵
һּ̫㷢һ͵͵үūܣûܱ̫󡣡
ǡ٣
̫˵ͷ㾪ŵүЩ뿪֪ˣ
ȻˣΪβأʵܾôԸ𣿡
ʿſڷӵ룬סţй׼Ρ
ΡЦ׼ô̻ӭңرҲԸҰɡ
ᰵĳ໹мϽˣƫᣬ˿綾һ㣬Ҳ˲ʡ
㵹øȥûǽˡ
ΡЦȷʵҪлл£ֹˣ书Ҳָһ¾Щס𣿡
ס¶Щѡ˵ſ㣬οиѰһͻһȣȴڶ̶һʱ䵽һϣѧ츳ʵ˾̾
ᰣƵ̽ӣ㵹Ǳƹʵ۶Щ
ޣǲܵõЩϢ¾ǿǰǳɱһƹ˶ʵǡ
ͫȻһѪۣŵؿƺδһֵ㣬ҪɱΡұɱ㣡
һȸֵɱжô£
ᰲûһȸ֣ϽҲУһ㡣ɫֻɳսᰴ˿ֻ£ܵϢ;֮С
æ˵һʿǲҪż㣬һйү书ʧزȴֹΪⶾƹΪʲôѲ˿Ƥķǳ֮𣡡
Ȼ˵ͷǰ
᰾סΡ̲סһЦļЦֱ
᰻Ҳ̲סһЦȻֱʡܣͲ֪ĸ𣿡
Ρ۽ЦᣬֱӵôĴȥ
㲻Ҹ𣿡
кβң
ΡŴݵЦͻȻ˻
ǰˣԶŵҫ۶ĿȻ˫ȣ¶Ϊ书ʧҲ޷䳾
ˡ֮ᣡ
һֱһϲŭɫˣȻŭʵ壬ɻǸ飬˴ǣǱɡ

 77 

˵, Ȼ, ޹ӦλʵסᰲֹԼûסȥδƵҲδؽ, ֻǷ, κ˽롣
ʱ䣬ƹĵط, Ҷ, ֻʣһƬ
ɶΡ˵, ΨһϿɵıᰴ˾٣ΪϤÿһءǿž޴Ļʱʾ͵ĵվǸ㣬ߡ
һжԭģ, ܺá
, Ҳȥ
𣿡
ڻ򿪵ĴţһƬڵ¥, Ρص
ʱ, ûµ, á
ᰴһԲ̹нӹ͵, ˲֪೤¥ݡ
ΡҲӹһյ, 
΢ĻĺڰɳƵ˿ԽëȻ
֪ⰵⰵʲôģ
֮¡
, ɱ˵ģһʵۡͻȻڴɱһŮӣ
ŮӣΡЦһĸһĸɱλӣɱҴԲãǹ˼棡
͵ػ߬Ρ죬ŭƹϽĳ㣡
Ͻͼ죡ƶˣӭ֣֮㣡ΡҲ߬סᰵ죬ƹƹȻзҲϸĽ̵㡣ôرģôƭҵģЦһֱ㵱־أ
ҲǿЦһֱ㵱׵۰
ŽĲ̹ʧˣȴ֪˭㵹յǽڣ˸Ƿ뻥˺·ͷ𣿳ʲôֱӴһ¡
ͬʱָ侲һҵۿ㣬Դһ֣Ҫɥڴˡ
ڰֵأҶ֣ƻҪңҲֺõ¡
Ρ޹㣬أ
һۣ֮ǰЩƤͺ˼µƢﻹˣ
Ρһҭʱ㲻ȥ𡭡˵ҸƢСƵġ
㲻Ǽ޹ȥСϱ𣿡
᰿˵ɫĸ󡣡
´·
һ·ΡҲлģɱϾʱ꣬˭֪ʲôĶˣοö
Ρһ·ɽ᰽Ų̹ȴѸߣЩΡѣԼҲһᡣ
һ·ߵͷҡ
ĸ󣡡
ΡţҲȵü
ΪǰһƬ޴أһײڵգƹ̫㱻У뾡˲ܲҧһվͻᾫƣ಻֪ڴ˴á
밵˿ɹŶΡгȥʱʯ䣬ͫһ϶̧ţ˲䱩
һȸڳˣɵ׻ˡ
ͷһۣһ˾ء
ʯϵЦϲܣΪβв޿أ
Ҽˣ֮ͽֶεķӣԼЦһ㲻ҿɲΡһ
᰹Ƶս⿴ҲǺһ׵ģϧ䱦Ҫƹһˡ
ᰱӰʧ̻ɿԽˮ棬ֱӲһݣԾϻΡͬʱݺݽſѪʳŵɡ
ΡԾһ߼Сʯ̨üҼǵ㲻çײ֮ˡ
Ϊ֪ڡ
һ죬ΰһµ˵⻰ǲ̫ˣʯӦʯɽһǣֻûҿɴ򲻿
赣ǡΡҡҡͷȰĸŲסˣ⼣߰ߣֱء
ҾӦñᣬƶϸ
Ρ͵ذסֵ֣ҧ㣡
εӣˣЦܵҿš˵ۿߴΡ
һ룬Ƽޱȣʵ򡭡
˵ȥﶯ̫ϣƹʵۻա
Ρ򴽽ǣ˼Ƭ̺ıж೤ſֱӰȥ𣿡
Ȼһ±У
Ρüͷ㵭һð취벻֪
Ρһ̾ˡ
һǣֱӰ㶼ɵˣ
ΡȻ̲סЦȷʵǸð취
ȻܼʳѪԣɶͷͲһˡҲ֪˶ãȻܻȥܾסΡϵء
ر㳤βƳӲƬ书ǿһ٣˿̾ؿΡȡ
˵Ҳƨá
Ρ˳˸Ϊ˧ƣͱôһ䡣㬣ɿһпõȣһһѡ
ƹȻɡ
Уȡ
Ƿţ
ţͷﻹ
ΡһЦôߵҲ
˴òɣϻǲͣʶĹ඼ۣȥ˲ɢŵ椣
һ㶣㱻һֻҧŲӣҿʱ񣬿Ρ椣ѵ㣿
ΡشѾһɫѿõ˴𰸣ӵıЦ
Ρεغĸ󣬶ѾˣǰСˣֲԼϱǰԼأ
û뵽Լһ㣬һƬƤⶼûҧ;ΡС
ֻ˵ƹȷʵûһȸ֣ͨһȫһϱȡ
ûвΡ㲻赣ϣֱһԾϣ
ղðߣù໺˺һǿʶѣŵؿΡΡΡָգ㡭书ָˣ
Ρ˵ͷ
˵Ů˲ˮģȻ촽ѣҲ۾һգ͵رΡá
Ρָˣҽ˶Ӧø˲ǣʲô
ãﲻޡסΡ˫֣ο׵һ¡
ΡüĿһ俴㣬ȷʵһ¡
Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴˻㣬ɻλǡ
㣬صƹҡ
ϱ
㱻ͻȻյǰĹһɿһȴû뵽̱ס
㰡Ŀÿӵ˵ûҵÿŮӾͲɻ飬ҵʱ͵¶ϡ¿ɺãø˶˸Ưϱúúлл㡣
㽩Ӳιֲ֣ƣֻܶͨظɰͰ͵л
Ȼأ
Ȼ󣿡
ʲô
ԹΡһ޵ڴĬβżһĸá
ɫ˲һ䣬Ҳ֪Ļʬ弸ǷɻΡߣ㻹û£
Ρ֪ģεӵصΪһƹˡ
ƨⶼ˴˻룡ǲɵ
ĿɿڴؿŹһɸ׷Ρ򡭡
ƹ̫󡭡
ûʮҲӽʮ˰ɡ
֪Ρ˭ˡ
ͻʯŴ춯ĿһŤΡҲͬʱͣ
ʯŴ򿪺󣬲̹Ϲүõˡ

 78 

ü, Ǹ𣿾ȻҲˣ
Ҹһ簲ĸߵġ
޴, ΡǲֹȲĸ󣬻㡭
Ρ̹ɷس
̹ūû, ⳡ, óдԱ̻̲Ͻ֮µ곤߻ɱϽĹϵ
Ρ۵Ͻտʼ¶ʱ̫ҽҲΪ, ǣҿл̫ҽִǰŷֶߡģ
̹ѱ
Ρлϵ¸, й˶ܹĶ, Ժɴ
̹˵󹬣ֹ֥
ΡϾ£𣿣
Цһ, Щ̫ˡƹðݵ̫õ, һߣЩǽͷݵȻ, 飿ֻԼĵλƹں
ݺ, һȺĿ֮
Ρε㿴Цˡ
㣺˽, ƹһֱǸЦ, 㸸λʱ򡣡
Ρһҭ, εػͷԼĸΪ˵仰أͷȷʵѶϵĽ֪ŮϽ, ȴΣҼҾŶ㱻Ů˺ˣŮ֮ȻˣֱǴ
ΡȻɰͰ͵ĸ󣬸ֻơ
ƣİ컵£ˣԼҲƹգһΡϱѧһѧɱϵĺݾɱѧ㸸ʣ
㿴ΡЦҲܺһҲĺݣڸոպá
һ֣ҶŶ
㣺š
ࣺǾͼƹ£
ĬŵҪʵڿģСҲаҲӾȻС˵ɣʺ~
Ρɫ˲ڣû㿪ڱ߰ɣ
нһ·Ρߵô
ãı˸Ӵ򲻳һƨ˯Է죬顭ؼǲ˵ҪţΪսÿ춼ս
㶵Ρϸܵһȱ㣬Цô˵Լܵܵ𣿡
˽
ϱ׵ܣҲǵˣ

˳ӽ빬ȴڳС·ſջʱ·֮ˡ
ոպסǰ·׼·ʱһӺСܳΧסһַŹ࣬һֳޡ
Ρ̧ʾ㲻Ҫϸϸ
صƽֱ߾⵽֣ΡϵóİƣҲϵóԵĻּҵļԼ༸ӰĻ
ƹѵõĶȸ֡
ˣϧ
ΡǺ⣿Ȳǰһ𣿡
һ˫ϵ΢΢ÿ˳һλ߳Ųųɹ³ƹ࣬ͣȴ̬ɫ͸ӵ
ΡȥʱΪ֥ᰵԭһ棬ʱྫӣ緢ꡣضΡıģɸֵ֥ᰡ
ΡЦҲȾߣȻߣλȨء
ү౻߽ΡȾϳȾƹ
ΡƹֻԼɣʱƹ
ϳˣϳᰣŮ㿴ССһ𳤴󡭡ܰ⵹ᰣϳϳᰶļ
ⷬ˶УʵһЦֱӴЦϼһҲ̫˰ɡ̫Լ̫ˣƹһŮޡϱÿˣ
ҫƵ㣬壬Ҳû
͵һ㶵үǡ
Ρ˭ҷ˰
ˡ
ƹûеüۡӾ֮˲еɱơԳΪ
ྪ
ü𣿡
ҿɲҪѸ㻹ҷ˲С
˵Цôۡ
һۣ⣿
ᣬƹոԼûȥˡرǶ㣬⣬ǸǾ¡
ɨڲ׽ۼ˵һڻüˡ
˿Ҳ֪ΡԸԼͶϣɴһݣȵΡᣬ෢֣ٽ͵
üΡƹ඼ô
༥ֻ߹죬ԽԽӲѡ
˵䣬Խڶ￴㣬׵
Ƴһ۾ͻͷΡߵƹһȣ
Ρȡ
㣺ϣ
Ρ¡
Ҳˣ
ΡûסһЦûֻƹһȼ٣ǰǴţ֪ûСǡ⡣
ͷţ⣬ΪʶԲ
⻰ûѹǻŭ㣡
ͷŭԸһ˲ͱһ޴飬͵һѪײǽҲŴֲڵĵ棬ȴ㣬ֻо֡
ƹǿֻΡ֮Ρ书ʧ˵ӦþΪǿȻһ͡
ɽգһᵽݺ
Ǿֵؿ㣬ź죡ס
û׼ΪŲŲһɨһ㽫ǰ־գͳЦ⣬֪𣬱˵ˣȻǧҲȡ׼
£ˣ
Ȼ˵ٶûҲ䣬ŤͷΡɱ𣿡
Ρҡҡͷ
ü˻ŸʲôҲߣڳ˶ɱ˭֪ôġ
һ߰ΧԾӣ˫Ȳʹǲӡ
Ρ㻹̫ʴˡ
ʴȣ
ΡӹŵЩ£һ֮
㣺ΪºҲ֮١
ΡЦܳΪ𣿡
ؿһᣬܡ߰ɡֱһˣʵȥģ
ΡЦдʣ
ǿջ˷ˣԬʢǴưĵ̡
ΡЦֱӻҵ

඼꣬޷һ졭
ȻЦҪˡ
ΡЦþ᰾һЩ

 79 

Ȼ˼ǽͷ, Ҳһû˹Ϊ, еȴƹ
ΡߣһҶԴġߡ鱨
Ⱦʽδ֪, Դͷδ֪, ֻ֪Ⱦ˥ϣЩʬ˶иȾ󡭡
̧Ҷ, ϢǷųȥû
ҶεϢȥǾٹ¶ƹҲǶǴ, ʱȻͬЭʹֶηϢ
ܵ˵ͷʾ֪ٴεͷ, Ⱦ߳һµ˱̶ֲͬȵ־壬˼ǲ˺ȥƹ군ˡ
ҶԸεͬʱЩ
Ρֹ̧, 㲻˵, ֻϲֱԣѵô𣿡
Ҷ, ǻ𣿡
Ρҡҡͷ, , ұϣ, ֲԸս֮Ÿ⡣, һֱӴˡʹʹ
㣺һҿûհ㣬ʱĶҲûءûҪ
Ҳûϵ໣
ĲҽУ, Σյ۳ûϵ
йϵйϵ
ջ˽š
ΡŴһ»ʹҽţҶԿЦؿһΪ鷢չ˵ز
ҶԿЦ˼̫Ѳ⣬һֱ̫үҲ²ĸֶΡû뵽ƹصϽޡΪ˼޻л̫ҽԼ֣
Ρһ㶣ü֥֥᰻ģ
Ҷԣл̫ҽϣ١
Ρ૵вʳӡ
㵭Ȼ޵ϣƹᣬƹŮ˵ĺӡ
˵ҲǡΡԳЦֻҪƹѪΪסݺ𣿡
Ѿ롣
룿
⣬Աưѵ롣
ΡЦʱǵǸϢͨ
Ҷɵү᲻ȥܣ
ڲŷƻ˶ˡ
ҶͷˮؿΡӰΪ鶢˻ǿԵġ
Ҷԣͻˣ߱ϾиĶȸ֡
㹴𴽽ǣǸȹƴ궼²˴ˡ
Ҷ㶵ؿ㱳ӰԶΡ硣
һȸֵš
ᰣүҲܡ
㡣
š
˶ңΡһáԽͷӶƹԱǽվʩү
񡣡ΡλջƹãԴ˴˽ⲻ࣬λ˵˵
̫ҽԺȿڣѰߣԴĳ򣬿ɴ˴ߣȴڻʹȱư˵ߡҵȶǶ
˽ŵү֪ʮǰϽ
Ρ᲻֪Ͻڱ߾Ͷлϼ緢֣ǻʮΪ۲Ͻ
̲飺ɵϽҹãϽʱûϽʬ塭˵ö෽֤΢ɵµĸܾܿϽ
ΡһڲŵҲɣ¼̳öֶΣ˴ΪƹʵۣΪλҪ¡
ͻȻ
λ꣬ȴδʵκһµߣ
տѣ⻼ս£ǻ棬ǴӲϣ
ΪΪǶǴȾԼǿűΪߣ˾پΪֶͬθƹ

Ρ˵ŵǲǻɱ£ȷˣ
̫ҽԺԺףл̫ҽĵҧ⣡¾Ϊ¶ݳȥ˼ʦ
ΡͻȻЦлϵͽܣȴšصʱҲûΪʦ˵
̫ҽԺԺһ㶣¶߾ͷԵүʱ
ˣѳɶ֣֪ȥΡֻ֪ȷϣλн֮
Խڶʳ־ڱƿ֮УҵȸҲǲһսүȻˣҵԸүʹ
ΡȻأвҩ
ԣ
һֱĬͻȻЦһô򵥣ҲҪЩһ˽ˡ
Կɻүλǣ
ķ򡭡һȴϣΡЦŸĿڵҵĻһȸ֡
һȸ֣
һƬȻ
үԸ֪ɷ
ͨ˵̫ҽԺԺҽտ֮翹ԵʷҲΪΣԸ½ҩ
˵ţΡɫȴԽԽڣһֱƹ֮⣬ǾͲ𣿡
һĬ˵үŮӿɵҲ
һ˵֮⡭飬˽ҩҲ֣硭
糼Ϊ
Ρ͵վ𣬽ϳȴҲ˵ֻ
ϳѹ֮⣬ֻ֪ҲŹᣬǻȻ˵Ż˴Ŷҵһۡ
ΡɨĬˣɫѾ˼㡣
λҲģ
ѹס
ΡͻȻŨŨ
λȻȥ¡ݺ顣
˿ɢȥȴǰų͵͵ƻ˺šȻҶԣ̲һɹԱǲ˵Ǿ벻Ρϵˡ
᰼λɱ¾ɱıȷЧΡˡΪԱҲΪ˰һֱ沨
ΡĿԶ򱱷ǿ֪Ҵ˴ȥдʲô𣿡
Ҳû˵ŵգ˶ȫΪԼĹҡѹߣҲһ
ΡˣǲǾúìܡ
̲׵ѹ˵һ
Ϊţ۴ͨȥٸǳأǵĳܴ˲ԸͨСΡԳЦƹأҲù齵ã
ͬã
ҶԿһۣȻãȻպϵлͣɱϾڣ齵죡
Ρ㣬ô룿
㵭ҿɲʰƹ̯ӡ
Ρսϵ֣ЦҪĶƹȴϸǰ͡
̲龪ǻ𣿡
˻ֻΡϾ뿪ƹһ꣬ȷǶǿε𣿡
ΡЦ˲˲ɣȻҸԼĲãҲ̹ҡ
ҲЦһȡ¶ҿˡ
ԣ㡣

 80 

ү, ܽư
Ծŭ̲, Ρڰֵû˵Ҫء
Ҫ, ɱϾһŮ, ܾ˵ȴ¡
Ρ̺ˣƹɲһ, ŮΪСͳȫ֮Ȩ, ôܾ
ŮΪۣͳȫľ
ƹ˵˼ס
Ρ, Ǹ
㲻Ӧø𣿡
ΡɻЦڣƹп֮
˴ȣ̲ҲΪոյЩȴ̲סԸŹ˵Ȼ᣿
ֹ, ΡƵ, ԸƹǩͣսЭ飬ҹѾ׿ϡ
ͣսЭ顭
Ҫ˵ʵҲ֮ǰĴõЩһ, Ϊүɫ, ˲»ӳ, 貹⻪
ǻɫ, ЦͨڽΪ, ҿɲٶԸΡ
Ρ֪ͨڲѾǽ𣿡
΢ۣṴƵǲ˽ں˾ϲֳһ仹Щɵģ, ʵһĵĶߡ
ŻԵںͶ֮ǰ𾪡
ܵͲᷢˣĿġ
ҹ㿴Ρһعƣ鲻ã
Ҿ¶ǣΡʶֻ΢ˮעĿԽ͡
㣬Ϊġ
һ֮ʵ۵Ĺ͡һʱ޷ı䣬
ˣǵĺӻԡ
һ⣬˴ͻȻĿһݿһ࣬˭
ȵͬʱɨ
̾ŵ£ңϦ
ϦսľؿűβԼԽһѪۡ߳ſǻ£
εظɿһ˭͵͵ģҩ̵ġ
Ϻҩŵôˣ
£ͻȻ͵Ϯߣ
Ŷ
Ϧɵۣ£һʲôںڴӶλǶǼٵİ
㵭ں֪뿪ˡΪ뿪ͿԴǾΪǾͿԴ˵㳶𴽽ǣΪ໢ν֮ʵңǸʶʶ佫ʵˡ
Ϧһһ㶵ģϵˣ
ȴûϵڴλǼٵģͶǲġ
ǵҲϵҲƹ𣿡
͵һʲô
ڴһǣֵǣǳŰھȴһ˸Ⱦ
ɫ̱ˣҾ˵ΪλὫ١һϸһֱߡ
ΡҲɫϵҲΪ˹ֹܶƹԮ飡ȥҶԣ

Ҷ԰ҹ˯нѣүҲвҴҸΡϵгǵĸٰϾŵ֧Ӵ
Ҷ㶵үҪ
ʹ
ɡӦ취ҳҩ𣿡
ΡΣյۣھһǣ֮߸ǲһ뾡죬ҽҩӦС
ҶԾڹᡭȥǣ
㿴Ҷ뿪ŵʵҴͿˣʦڡ
Ӧ£ϣ㱣ĸŵܣҪ֡
ƹΪ㣬ӦñҲ㡣
Ρ㣬ͻȻһڣЦеллˡ
㷴ΡŵҪսˣ˲𣿡˵Żڴص˵ԼĴ
ۿΣһ˦ȥϦЦŸϣյС£ú졣
ʱ򲻴ˡ
£Ҵˣ䲻죡
ΡЦſ˵ıӰʧűߣ֮ϼƣЦ⽥ʧһС
ʡ
һ
ʦ
һ
̽

֣Ҳƣһ˻ʹ򣬸߾б
֡
˿̻ʹ֮Уе̧⣬ˣ֪𣿡
֪Σ㲻Ҽ
ߵƹ֮Ů֥ᰡƹŮӣ䲻֮ˣҲֻǴ˿̵ȴƻ
ᰣ鸴ӣŨصıǺ⡣
ᰴ̾һ˵Ϊʲôƹأ
˵ָ̧֥ա֥ĶǿܣӶţûܿᰵ֡
𣿡
֥ᰳһԼĺӶܺķӣ᲻¡
һ̾˵ˣǲǵĺӣһ̥
һᣬ֥кȫʧ˹Ů緶һ㺰ɶ̥ģ
ǶԴ˱㲻Ⱦߣ𣿡
˲֥᰿޺㻹罫һɱˣ
ޱɱ㡭ЦΪ֥ȥ飬ĸöŮء
֥һʼ빬ᰵԴнɶ֮ˣֻϲǳϲ޷á
ᰣҺ㣡
ᰲŭЦûϵܶ˶ҡ
ˡ
ݡ£Ρλ췴ʹɱ
᰿ܽ࣬Цл֪࣬ˡ
ݡ£ϳĵķϣܷ񡭡ҩ
ྪֵؿ޶õش߹æ֥ᰣᰶ︸ף
֥Įؿΰ
ôϲ㣬һԸĻ
ϲ֥ͻȻЦϲңң㣿ףµҲ֪Ƿкڵ
֥ΪԴֻ败жҲᰣΪޣ޽ӵĸף
֥ĿؿŹ࣬ƺǰ˸Ͳĸס
ȷʵ˵ǣǰ࣬ǺξҲ˲Ǽˡ
֥᰸ߵŮȥ׷үΰҲץмҷʱ򣬿һգҲǰ󣿡
ħĵ
㶵ؿȫİŮ̱ڵء
֥ᰲٿȹܳ˵š
ү
һߣΡѴ빬šɴźɴҵߣңңǰʩˡ
ɩӣô
㿴ЦҶư˽⣬޵ĵγлƵ鱨õӦԡõñ֮ȴҲҪġ
ͷ˼ҪҾֱӴȥ
ҵĻҲˡ
ֵ԰ɣЩƵʲôã
ֹؿ˿Լĸ
ɩһ˾ȥ𡭡

 81 

ñ, ֻǼġԼĶ˳ȥ, ȻΡĶ֡
Ρ߬ᰵ콫빬ֻ㡢ࡢһ롣
¶, ΪλҪڣ
ĿؿΡ, ƹ˶
Ρ㹴кιϵ
ᰳ𴽽, ̲һ涾, ס𣿡˵ſ, ǴҿɾѰˡ
Цʤ
Ͻ涾֣޿ܣ
±ɽΡϵϽƶҩϢûܴ, ȴǧƹ, ַƹΪ
ɫ˿δ䣬ɴĴȴǹ, Ը, ȴֻܽƹ֮Ͻشʪ, öݶҲǱС±ϽжĿ, ǲŷѾ۶Ը¡
ᰵⲻ²⡣
ķӦȷЦ, ˵Ĳԣػ˳ƾš
ڱɫĿԹ, Ȼ˫ȫϧǸͷ¶β֮
ϱ
εɹժĶҡ
ûڼһʱ̩Ȼ֮ȻΪ֥ᰱŮӡ
жӲת˸˹ࡣֻĽȴһ˶룬Ϊ൲зɳĺˮ
ֱϣһŨڴۡ
Ρ͵һȭᰴڵأŭҩ
ȴֻ̾Ϣαأʵǿϧһ
Ȼֹ𾪵ؿֱǵŨûɢȥǷԾѸֱ¡һСС֮Уƺһֻڲϳ鴤
üȡذֱӻСȷʵһǳɫ͸˳ڵϵ˼¾̱ɱȥ
㶵ô¡
㷭˸ۣһء
ᰣƳ˵Ѫ衭һȸֵѪء
Ƴ滹鲻ܲ˵
Щ˷ЦΡȴЦʤȯȴˡȻ̫Ѷϣ
ʣΡնɱ£
̹ȴ˳ǰ᰻жүϽƳ壬ɻһաΪԴڼ޵ĸơɱԲǶߡҪɱĻֻɻ񡣡
ŵؿŲ̹
塭
̹ߵΡߣĮؿᰵȻڲΪϽʱūȥߡƹĸԴģֻү
롭
ⲻʺ˿̵Ĵ
֮ˣһʼͲںˡ
ͻȻЦΡҪԣ
ǡ
ԤϵĴ𰸡
ܵܣԼƳȥġ
ɱңҿԸһҪ¡
Ҳ֪
֣ԼɡΡ³ҲԼѡġ
˭˵ĸֻһأ
׸ǰϣֲָĺڰ֮Уع˴ǡ

Ϧư⼸գ֮ǣưҲڵõϢһЩıλҲϨ˼ļǵĽΡȥ
ֻµۼλĪ˵Ѹ£ªĵǻ䶼ٰ졭
鷿УΡͼŲ̧Ǳôˣ
֪ͨطֱǣٸݡ
ΡΣ
ʮ򡣡
Ρأ
̽һ˻ط
Ұ
ΡϦ֪
ڴ󲿷ֱƹֻжʮ
ŵ;ƹܼսսƱҪ˻ʹݣȵﲢǽսӦҲֻʮˡ
Ϧֵں¾ӣǾսսǿ׺ͣƹǵֵס
λ˵öԡΡʩ󣬿ʵȴ⡣¡ϳΪá
ͣ㶼̲סЦˣ˵ֻʤͣǲǽˮˣ
͸¶ĳȻңŭ⣬ɰڽĻδ
£ҪԮ
ǡ
ӶЦЦ
һڲſڣû˵ڴ󲿷ֱΪֹԮƹ
δܹ𣿡
⻰㶼Ҫ̲סˣοΡֻü𣬳ȥһְɱ֮̽λ
ǰסŭ£
ȥ
־ߣ鷿֮еԱ²ؼ¶ֻ֮⡣ȴû뵽һյԼϡ
̷ɰף̲ޡ
Ρʮ֣ȫְвߣɱۣ
鷿̼һƬȻоʧģҲоŭӵģν־һ˳ȥ
ֱ鷿аŵ磬ֵս£ǲ̫ˣ
Ρû˵ȴöԣ󷽲սʱɡ
˿鷿ֻԼˣժ˶ңΡ㻹ǲҪҰæ𣿡
Ρ̧ս޲ʤܲսˡ
֮ǰЩƹĻɢЦӦòܾҵ鱨
ΡҲЦֵͷˡ
㿴Ϧ֪˴
Ϧӱ
ӱ˼ŻںصһԱͽԼжƷʵױҲϡóͻϮñֿͣŵ㣬ȴҲȱ㡭
㿴Ŀ⣬Ρ׵֪ˡ
̲˿̿ڣ£Ī
ȻƤ֮ëɸ
ԣսº󷽲Ǵɣϳưүǰϲߡ
Ҳ磬ҿԵġ
㲻СΡҡͷȻһֱھУụ̂Ըڡ
üƹʱҲ˵
Ρʵ֤ǶԵģ㣬ڻվ⣿
һۣ˴˵
ưҿЩˡΡһٿλ󳼣ᶨձǰݡ
㵭ҿԲ֣ɱ㡣
ΡüĿһס֣ҲԸ뿪ˡ

 82 

鷿ͻȻƿ, 뿴˹ȥ
Ρü֥, ʲô
֥᰾ϲؿΡһۣѸٱһԵȡĿ⡣һʱ侪, ɻ, ʣָӵи֡
㶵˭
㶼û, е˵⣬ɩӡ
ɩӣ
زҪ, ֮΢֥ᰵ㡣
ǡ㣿
л, ֥ƵĿΡ΢£Ǻ𣿡
ΡЦǶ﷽޻ƹˡ
㵹ѵûΡ, ΡҲô˻, ôߵص͵ͻˣõһͬĵ
Ρ, ûѹ, , ߰ɡ
һ۲ٻӦ
֥ȫӲ㶿ǴԼ߹, ͻȻ, أ
ټޣ޻ΪҸùޡ
֥ǳΡ߳ʲô, ѵ֪𣿡
֪Ρ۽ȥŻͷ֥ᰣȻȴҲп޲ں
֥Ȼȫޣʧǵعڵء
˽ŵΪЩܾ
Ρգգ۵ɾܾļᶨ
ü̫𣿡
˵Ρս㣬ЦҺ룿
ʱ鷿ǰߵ֥ǰ֡
Īִš
Īִš
֥᰿֣ظ仰ͻȻգֳ۵סһЦȻס֡
᰸ֻ败
ͻȻү̫ȥ
Ӧһδ֥᰽վֱջ֣Ū֥ᰲԵڵءҶ߹ֵûһϧġ
˵ȴҲȫû֥ᰵ˼֮ŵҲҲ֥һۡ
౻ᣬ
֥ͻȻһԹЦݡ

գΡЯſӱ޸ݣֻưһǣҹձ㵽㿴ŮװɻȴҲΡʣΪҪӡ
ΪƹŮӡΡȻػشȴͻȻסʱٽŵƹŮӲɴӾΪ٣ܽӪ
ֹˡΡ¶ɬδŮӲͷ¶棬бشɴΪ˸Ҳרעӣ˰괫ͳ
Ҳһ㶣üƹŮӹܵĿϡ
Ρ㣬ҾԴ㡣
Ρβŵţš
֮ΡʱͻϮȷ沿ӣȡ˵һʤ̴˴˴ս
֮ѡڲݣҲΪΧڶࡣֵ涳ǿƽأȴޱ仯ֻʹЩֶαΪȻ塭
ɢһʱѸģֻˡ
ȡõĴʤҲʿǡڽڣȴǸȺȡ
ǿͨƹĴĺ֮
˧ӪУӱȻ££ˡĩܣʵڲĶ֡
ǰЦһô𣿡
ӱ̧ɻѵ𣿡
޺˽ںǱЦ
ΡæȷڶʱϤƹΣֻһֶΡԼŹ¾ľʵҺԼӵеһơǵĺδܵɧţ֤û͵͵Խǵķߡ
ӱԽɻˣȷʵȥƹΪβ֣
ܼ򵥣˵ġԼϲŮǰԼ¶Ҫæǲ̫𣿡
ǱбγҺںһĨ¶ڱصõЦ㿴˭Ǹˣ
ӱһ㶣ɵ£濴
ģǿġںЦиĻʺ㲻öڼ𣿡
˵ͳƻУӱҲ̲ס룬¶ЩЦ
֣ضңڳưָտɴ
Ұġ

ںεؽչ֣˫߱䣬ƻ͡
ܵõҲҪһˡ
һƹӪУͻȻ˸
Ϧǵ£ôˣ
ûʲôͻȻоеġ
ϦЦ~
εԴСԹ춼ʲôء
Ȼ롭
ͻȻסϦ죬ʳָڴ˵㣬Ϧ̻ص˵ͷֹս죬Ż˺ߵűߡ
͵üѲ߹һʿ
ƺ
£ôˣ
۶ԶǶʿǸе̫ˡ
ƹ˶ͦġ
ߣȥ
Ȼոһżæŵ˹ܱߺˣ
ͷһѸ˧Ӫʴȥÿһۿǲݽ󽫾ΪΡε֪ݵģԵϹĩܣûܱñ¡
˾ͱ˵ַϻˡߵߣʵô
δҪЩ֣ū澲ҰΡ
㿴Ρؿڣϸϸһͫ͵һ㲻ǶԵģںеļʸͷе̣ҲѪۣ̫ˡ
˲ɫɷףǾŵǡô죿
ô죬ֱӰ¡ȡȿȡ
Ρұ죡˵̧̯
Եϵ
𡣡
ԵϻȻսľؿĶҪֱӰ𣿡
ܰΣǲС
ֹپţ󽫾Ҳǰ˵ʲôƳһۺֱΡ۾𣿡
Ρ԰׵ıš
ûˣԡ
ɱҲԹԡ
ݺݷ˸ۣɱ
Ρ˶˵ˣٺ󽫾Ҳ޻˵ֻܼԹۣȾѪļͷ͵ذγʱǽŵ©һġ

ԤеĴѪûг֡
ȡ֮˲԰׵ɫٵ亹Ϧŵ£
һͷˮϦ㣬ʲô
ƹӿǳԹٺöģرѩҩ೤סͬʱѩҩԡ
ƹУֻܵġ
󽫾һµ𣿡
ϦһۣȻԣҵĵ¿һϵĸ֣
ˡ
ով;ǰһڣǿάѵΡסҲ֪˱һߣȻ˻ȥֱһ
׼
Ρ˵Ҳ˹ȥؿڻ˿˿ƵѪٻһЦϸϸΪ˿ں뿪ӪʣǸ߲ãһӰ˿Ǳ˽ȥ

 83 

˧Ӫʵ֥, һ׷ĵ, ҲʲôֻɻҵСټƹɢ˴ս´æŮװǱӪõġ
ϲϰ, ȴҲĵ, Ϊ֪Ρա
֥ŵߵߣճյؿΡ, ȴַһԵ㣬к⼵˲Ũī, ̽֡
ٰ, ҽϦµѾߣ
Ų֥ͷһţķѸٰ˴ס
Ůһ, Ͽһ۾ͳٵϦ˺ܺõ, չǡ
Ϧ̵һգҪǵҲϲƹӵĻҲŲչǡ
Ŀһ, ϲ𣿡
Ȼ, Ȼôǧƹ
һ, ѹ˼, ʵǡͬ𣿡
𾪺Ϧ, һ죬̫Ըңñﾡ졭췹
Խ˵ԽϾǸδĹ, ƤϦƤͺˣ˼ŵǳ˯һݣҲ֪ƹǰӲã֮½ƹ£Ӧûͬ
Ҳ֪ź˿Ŷһ
ߺ֥ᰴӴ˳㶵ضΡ૵ȴ֮
˵֣Ρգڰɪһ¡
ʱüͷһ壬ͻȻۣ֥᰺Ŀ˲䵽ǡֱһ˹ȥ´ŵڵϵ֥ҵġ
֥סؿҧ޺޵ƹı£һŮӵģ
Ŀⰵ££ɱԡ
ôˣ
Ρ֥᰸Ͻκ˵ģᱻƿء
ûֻǴΡޣƣҵġ
Ρһ㶣չ¶һõ˼΢ЦﶼβסЦ⡣
ԣġ
ϲƿأȴֻһӵС
֥᰼еү⣬ɵ꣬ʰӥֻӥͣµģҫΪͣ²С
¡ȣ
ΡۿѪ֥ᰣֿһ㣬ž֪ʲôЦѵüŮˡ
㲻䲻ȵ㣬Ҳ
ΡȻʧЦ顣
֥ܽͻư
֥ᰶ㿪飬Ρ£ڡ
û˵͵õΡһ䲻У֥᰻㱵ؿ㣬ء
ΡЦ벻
𣬱ϳӪʣֱֱ֥ضΡ۾ȴûеõһ˿⡣
˵УУֻǸ㡭Ҳûλá

빬

϶̥
ÿһԨΡų˹
Ҳޡ
̲סᰵĻ
޲һҪ޺޵Щһ
᰺ƹÿһˣ
֥͵سذףȻδʺͱסʹ֡βؾӪ˳ĿؿＥ
Ϊ˸˾ҪҪģҪʲôԼ
߽֥ᰣ߳һŵЦңǾȥһ
Ц̫ү֥᰻㶵һ
ԣ˶ǡ
Ρؿ߳ЦҲ˻ȥһ𣿡
ЦȴǺػصᣬαһϵ
ɵۣ֥᰸ǲʵŮΪأһ
üƹĹءӿޣŮҲݷ򡣡
֥ᰴ㵵Ůӿݷ򣿣
ԣǼŮ۶ݹʷ򡭡˵ζƳΡһۡ
ΡͷһĬĬŲ֥Զ˵㡣
֥᰽ض
ĻƺһţɻǰʱϲȥүΪʱײΪԼϲү빬֮ᰵжݣЦݻ㱡
Ҫġ
ɡ
ҿȥ𡭡
üս½˵ɣȻư
֥͵ر֣ܿŵңĸƣ֮Ⱦ
ĸƣΡü޻ҵҩȻư
׼֥뿪ΡҲ׼Ӫʣոÿ˲ͷͫ͵һ
ֻһֻʸֱ֥ؿڣһѾȡ
ٲ鷢
һ֮£ֻں
ʸ׷٣ܼȴ֥ᰵĻ
ĸƣ
Զ㣡㱧֥ᰵʬ壬ԾʧǰѾˣֻңͬԶʱղӰ첻󡭡
һյʱطҵ١
Ρ˵öҽ
Ҳ֪㲻Ե޹˵⻰Ҳǫʱ򡪡
Ȳ̫ҽΪҽū澻ŵġ
߹Ƴ档
㶵ؿŹкˮ㵵ǡƳ棿
ָָԼϸС˿ڣҵѪ˵ġ
֪ˣлٱǹӺˮҩ
㿴ΡںˣɲӱöҪǡ
Ρλֽս鶼ˣܲӦս
ӹһֻͷֵֽдš
Ρȱȣעǵ㡣
ü
֪Լ֮ǰΪʲôöˣ߶Ͽɲʲôֵø˵£ҲʲôҪµ¡
ںھƹ˽ӵƹڳǰ֡
վڳǽ֮ϣĺ£Ҳϵĺɴ¶ĴǻѪֻ˸о
ɴ֮£ڵĿԶԽǧ߬ס
˸ߵĳſʮ׳ҲĹȴзظ죬ߡ
ˣ
һ죡
ʸҶ
ұϣ
ںļ֥ؿԽѸ˺ӱؿڣ͸ӲĿҲȥƲµսһ
һʱ䣬ڻƹս뿴˳ǽϵĺɫӰ
ںڴ֮ѹܾսңңݳǽ֮ϡ
㣬ֻ㣡
ƲʳʨںͻȻ׺ӶĹ⣬㣬Цź㣡ҵģ
ֻתƻ𷭷ɣǽ
֥ᰣ˵Ǿ仰ķϣһ˸ᡣҪǳ˵Ρܿȥ
ӲԼʤҲΡһʤ
ңˡ
Ρͷ֮ء
ĿؿŴʴʵںеĽɱ

 84 

еս, ھѻƹƽɼ, ˫սǼ⡣ںľӣϾǿǾһսġ
潻սΡֻһ·

Ʋ, Ρ֪, ںĵؿƹҲȻ֮ǰҲɺӱʧŲ֡
ƽ, ȴеغŲ裬̧ۿųϦ, ôˣ
ƹɾ
һЦ, ֮С
£Ĳȥƹ𣿡
ƹ䣬Ρ䡣
Ϧǰһ˵ƹɱں
ںŵԸ, ϧҷâ¶̫, һֱҲһֱûɱͻȻһת, ɱں, ܴڡ
ϦɻΪʲô
ڱŮΪ, ֮ӵλ, ˵ۺͬΪʵ, ÿλʵ۵ľ档Ȼû˵ٳ˫ۣںĻֲģô찲Ǵ˹ʶ, ʩ˫ƶȡ
Ϧ˼˫ۣоԻڴӵˣ
ԡ²豭վ𣬵ʱˣȥ

ɫѻƣں˴ֳֳָŵڵϵΡһȣһף
裬뽣ײֱ𵯿
ں֮ʣΡֱ˽ƹذײںš
ΡںŵЦǶϣһȻȳ˿Щ
ڳɹɱںΡҲǱˣս֮
ʧȥھӣȻһ˿ɢļ󣬷ѸټᡣʿһԾսڵظߺΪ±𣡡
£
Ρ˲뵽˵ĸһжǶδ֪̽ͨڵϢͨͣƺ⣬λͬ裬˵һң˵˵С
ɵʱ𾪵Ĳڵ˫ƶȡ
ΡЦؿųʿ
ƾһ֮졭
һ.ǹͻȻƿնزΡǰóǰʿһģĺɫӰĲ

ÿһھеجΡ
սϵĴ󺺴󺰵ʲôֻһˣ׼ߣɵú֮λ
ϦĲֹͷǹйߡǰսǾ࣬㲻ҪͼֶΡ
ڡ
ժߣһЦ󺺵ĻʿǹȻһ㱣Ȼһ˲Ǳεξӭ
.ǹ֮Ѫ£
ԡѪһ˦ǹ׿ƹӣ֮
Լıվȴǰƹ˶ҷ𣡡
һ֮Ի죬
ΡճյĿ㣬Цˡ
üһʱ㻹Ҫƽϣ
Ρסվ𣬡Һܸ˲սʲô㣿
Ŀ䶢סսϵĴ󺺣⣬Ǳǲֹһ
㳶𴽽ǣԵ
Ǳмɱ
.ǹѸʹǧֱս֮ϡ󺺾ֵؿǹͷɿ쵽ǰŶܣ͸оһʹǰ׺¡
ͬʱҲ˲ߣվڴս֮ϡûԼĳ.ǹмʸЦһ
һ֮ƿסս֡
ƹǽϣһСݵؿ૵˭
Եϱ̾Ǵ󽫾㡣
Сɻ𣿡
ʱǾռ˾ƣȴǹ¾룬ȡ򽫾׼򽫾ΪԸҵΧɱԸţԼȡн׼ţҲǾӦ
С򴽵ǲǾ
ϱ̾ʱǶȡڡӦ˲Ӧš
ûܳ˵жһϸ֣ӵţɸȾˡΡԡѪս£ƹʿҲչֳ˴δй͡
һνǹ£ΡĽ£ͬʱıҲƹʿı֮¡
ˣ
Ρߺ׷ߵĽҩ
ߣ
Ϊ¶»δƹʿ⻰ȻȻΪ˴Ϊÿ˵˶Ϊġ
һʱȺΪȣ
ӿѹڵĲдӡ
ɫװ£¹ڱѪȾϣʬս֮˼ľѪζŨص˴
ɺܶȴ֮ǰЦ˳Ϊⳡսڽ
󽫾͵عǰ֣صлƹ
Ѫȣֱϯض˰֣ҲǰָָͬڵϵΡֻǰ
󽫾Ρһۣ̽ŵʺ
ɫһڣΡһ֣õԣǵĻʺ
һۣߣȥҩ
֮ڵĺ󷽾һЩʱգֻ˼ڣʳ˽ҩڡڿҩʱһ㶡
ֻӪУһһ˴ֵľߡ
ڳֻϵ⣬üôⶾģ
һԵ˲ֱȡѪ
Ѫо綾ȹû
ȹ
٣Ѱ
ٻǰ
Ρյߣ㵱ʱʥɽǺһ򣿡
㣺ţǵһˮ̶ֹһһкܶСһ
˵ɣΡȴ뵽мѣս¡ЦƳһۣʲôⲻǻŻ𡣡
˵ͻȻһ㶡
ȷʵɹȡ˱ܻ꣬ʥɽΪ
һ٣Σ
ȷж󡭡ϡͺҩС
һȥһ
Ρͷһ㻹ȥ
һЦģѴ⾳һһпȫһȼ˵ۿߣ᰺ںô㵽ֵġ
ͻȻһд˼
ֻȡº󣬾ͻȻѪھҪС
һ֣ӴǸġ
Ϊ˱˦޹ס˾ߵĴ죬ֽ޴ͷݺݲڽ롣򾪻δȥҸ
ǣ
վܳӪʡ
ۿҲ˾߼ŵΡЦٻ
ΡգգۣŶԡ

ͬʱϽ֣ƹɽһλ߳˳չصɽϽǻҺ󱲣ڽһƣΪͬĹơ
ŮʱٽҪͷҲˣϹͷǱҪٳȥһˡ
Ȼ˸Ķ֮Уȴӭһ֮͡
һӵסȥ·Цû뵽ϽСطȻҲܳ֡

 85 

ٵҽ֮ȻԾտ, ¡ʱ, һҩ˳ַưҶԱΪղ, Žҩǰ֡
봺֮ʱ, ˼Ļ⣬޶ȥǮİٹ, Ҳʼ׼طҲˡ
Ρѵ׼ưճŲ, ͽӵԱ߾¥ӳ, ոպǰСɴŮӡ
ߵ˽⣬кü·ߵżĹ
ԽԽߣΡֻûë, æϡڵ, ˸ͤ¡
Ρɫڳ㣬ֺЦЦ, 㡭
㿴ҽտǼʶ, Ľү˻ʵ, Ǹˡ
Ρգգ޹Ҷû˼ġ
û˼, ˼, ҲֹǣΪҲ֪Щж𣿡˵ŴսΡЩŮ˶ʱ֪жšǵĲ𣿡
˭ҲὫ⻰Ц, ǸоһĬĬվԶһЩ
ΡУ£ܡ
ڲʺһ£ʱ˭Ҳûᡣ
Ρܷ飬ĸһ֮У۶Ҳη衭
㶢Ρڣ֮һֱƹΪߡȻʥ߸ţһƷ֮ϵĸҲץôö˴ɱ㣬ӦҲûйϵˡ
ΡȻ©һģ૵أ
뿪̫ˡ
˵һۣǣϳôɴ䣬űȥ
鿴űıȥϦ̲ס׷ȥϦ㣡
ϦͷЦа֣С꣬пٻŶ~
ǾԤףͻȻˣٻŵظȥ߻Ρߣż£׷ū澸ô̫󽻴
ֱ˵ǡ
Ρ˾ƱѿŮӰԶ૵Щ󳼻һֱڽԲӦһŮΪ󡭡ˣҲˣһʼûƹ
Ͳ𣿡
᲻룡
ٱΡͨۿһ̽СүԣʱģǵʧһգҲ㱯ʹ
¡
ΡҡͷЦһסҲסǴ󽫾ԳУ˿ɸġ
ֻϦ֪㲢ֵ
ԽһǳأͣʮΡ
£Ȼ᲻ãΪβȥֻҪպãǶҲȥ¡
㿴Ҹĸమ𣿡
ϦȻȻȻʺ֮ĸòĽء
㣺ɾʻѹ
ϦǵƹҲˣ
ΣյۣһǳǵԼһûסŪȻٴ̤ƽƹ
ϦͻȻ˫۾ðº˧
һЦ˧вŶ԰ɣˡ
Ϧһסĸ첲첲ͷܵʲôģϦϲ
ʧЦ˵Ķͷߣߡ
²˵ȥ𣿡
ưȥϽ

Ͻһ鲻ĵطƹռɽϽֻ˱ƹˡһǵϽ˶ĵط˳Ϊ֡
ϦһͻᱡѣСӣϽôȰ˵ϦԼʪ͸ǰ󣬡ʪȣ
԰·ȫˡ
ģ
۾һɣüͷһ͵ץϦС֡
ˣϿȥһǾͻȥ
Ϧɥϵ´ŶһͷһתֵǶô죬ƹ˸ַɶ
ḧ룬Щ²⣬ȥ˵
ʱȡµġѪֻһʥϣ౾׼ȴûó񡪡
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