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ˬˡ
ݸǰȴ󿪣ϸЯСر߷Ŀ
ԺӾСԣŴ졣ſڴϣΪŷֵΣӤʶһ
ʶʲôôΣ
³ЦŮˣûãȡ
š׵Ժ˸ǷˮתĿɰСģ³ϿĻϲ
Ҫ˵޽ݼʮ˵£˼Լ̥ŮСǸѩɰķӣ£˵Сްٺʲˡ
³ַ̧˰ӣһ£ڵ淢졣 
֪ģͻȻһֲԤС
ʱǰնˣ̫̫Ƕˡ
ͣ³һ⣬Ѿǽյĵˣ׼ȷ˵̫͵ĵڶΣһةฮ
СŵڸûʸܣҲʵڲհ
ŻתͷŮѺȵµȻ
ԹӦˣ³Ϸ߳š
Ʒ黹кЩУƷ䡢޽ӦоС
ܼؿĶ̫Ӷǹڱصðôá
һڣݣĸ檣δǺǧĶǵģǹܵס˶ͬģ
ǹظжǸСɰĸ˲ǻ̫ͼǿɵϢݸ˶߿
³ϵȻͬ⣬ǸŮݲֻиӾİƷСְλ΢ߵĴҲǸƷʷѡݸ϶ǾǼʯͷܲ
治֪˭Ա˳ŵģǰЩӼϰ̫˹ȥ̫һټɲɡһ˵̫Ҳ
Ҫ̫ӱܡة೤ҢҲż˼ͬһ飬ıֵܲûΪ˴
뵽Щԣ³Ͼͺ޲ðץһ١
ݼԴС³ϰӴüðŽСߵǶƿ첼ۣСֹúܣҿŶϲÿ϶ǣ̫Ҳ߯ûˡ
˵ͱ³ϺݺһԴϲϲʲôϵôûȥԺѧ
ݼԿίͰͣԺĶȥȥȫõ£Щؼôȥ
⵹ǡ
³̾˿ĸɫһͬˣ룺ⶼʲô¶
ԽԽķ³ϺݺһӣĳݼƤ͵һתͷͿ˷ȥ鷿һṫӵĻ
˰Ҳ⣬šΡʹ󡱡žͻġ֮Ļ
ݼˣڸѡءﲻȥةฮ˺öṫӵĻ
ߵߵȥ飬ϲÿģòõľˡ
³ϳüһⲻĶӣǳⳤúÿʲôãôУã
ݼæͷǣҪÿҲҪӡ
³ǲ˳ûôŮŸռǣҲһ˵ף𼱻ǵѡ
ˣϸѡҵ׷ߵģж黹ֻ̣Ҫʵ˵ĵܱŮסͽԴϲ
˭֪ܳô⡣
СްǶˣԼôɵ³ԽԽ˳ۣݼԵĶݺݽѵһ΢õ
³ûʲô־ݼԸɺ˰죬ͷ˽æȥá
ȵȡһָסֳɵͣ磬ѡ
ŶݼԺܶµضһԣŪŪþϸѡķʽѡ
ʱδʩۣ֬һؾúܣɴݰף߳Ӱ㡣ӻӤʣδѣǿɰ
³鲻ã˱ˮȥȵ裬𡣡
Ŀһתɨһѻѡʵˣ
³Ϻ˿ڲ裬ҲôףòÿУûиĶŪ롣
һûԶŮ˵֮ǰЩ˼ҶԼ⣬ҲûȢϾûʲô˸Һ̫ӡةฮĹˡ
ͷ³ʣ˿һ˼ûУ
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ʵϣ˵Ӷûܼס洫ʲô˶һ׹ػģӡûҡҡͷûС
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ӦȱȱطŪݼԴյߣ⣬ҪʵѡɴӺˣ˵ܰѡʵġ
һֳ޿޲ɵصͷݼ˳ͳӣŵУ֣صĳ飬˵ܸѡɾء
һֱʯµ棬˳Ź⻬ĵذſȥǡɱ˵ѥӵס
ö̧ͷһȻۣĿ⸴ӡ
ƺϹܼҲԵؿСӣһתӾ͹಻֪˺η³ϵˣүظˡ
ؾͻˣص˵һʲô³ϲԣȴܼǿһЦݣǡ֪ĲԸ
Ըţ³ɣŹܼţöԵ
ѭԺǽȥͼݸүݲڽôҲģ˭ίˣ֧۷ۣ³Яһŵվ򡢷ˡ
һ˿µģ³΢ۣսЩݲϲû֬ҲûвеĶ
ˣôҲţùܼҺġ
ҡҡݲɿۺŮ֪뵽ʲô
⻹ԥʲôأˬЦ´ݲֳҲݸȴϲ£ʲô֧֧ز˵
ã˵ұȸǣĻѾˣʥָ飡
ʲô³һȻΪָ̫ӻةฮĸ
΢΢һЦʥ׵ܣ¡
εݣǺεݣǼĸҪúߵлʶʥּӦþ͵ˡ
³ֻվûվȣۼֿһѡ
⾩˭֪޵׵ĶҪôţҪôǺ˽ˣ̫ɱעҪ¹һȻָ
ֲýݲûȥȺ˻죬ԭǺһ类ȥˡ
ǲˣ³̱ϣСŻʥôϣ
ĽͣݸСŻɲС̫Ӻة೤ǰͻ飬ʥϿɲÿˡ
³ɫ԰ףٿο˾䣬ʥϴͻǺ£˵İҲϣþͲҪˡ
ôܲ룬ݡ
³ϼûʣ˷Ժӣݲûס۵һ޳ŮԲ㣡ΥʥҪ޸Ǹ˵ˣ
лҪ˵(*^^*)
СҪӿ֣ϣϲ~
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ǰʮԶСл֧

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£ȻҪ޸μǸˣ
ݲĿֻά˺̵ܶʱ䣬³ϵĿɻȥˡ澼ֲ֣⸮һӲŵӣжүҲͶ˺͹εˡ
³Ϸε£תһȦŮϣаûڡ
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ٶûΥʥ͸ˡ
³ϺڵǣոŮ켰ʱûСĽЩ˰̫Ӹ˽ȻҲнյ¡
Ͼȥ޵⣬֪һǲʥϲ˲һĸͬ뵱ʥΪʱ̫ӻĵ׸ء
һͺʥΪʲôָôһԵˡ 
³룬Ǽҿײ˸ţ̫Ӻة೤϶ʥоǺջˮĽɫɲð鷳˶ѡ
ݼҿҲͣڳĬļϣͰ͵ǡĻ𣿡
ݲͣû˵ôǰȥǼݽ˷ˣǺΧɽ£ǿ˲Żģ
ݼԵһ۵ؿż뵽Ҫ޸Ǹ˵ʱҲˣǡܲʥջذ
ܼСᣬصǲеүôջء
ҴҳȥݼһӣҲˣܻѡһɡ
³ϿɵӲ˵Ŀתƺڳļܴ̼οʵϸ
ʲôˣ
³һû뵽⣬áʮ˰ɡ
ԵõĵˡݼԳص
ͷ뵽ʱǳΣҲ̾û뵽ҾҪ޸ˡ
³ϣصץò԰ɣ
**

׮͵ĻѸٴݸϷˡ
ݸϷδʽּң󷿶ƽնǷŹģһ丮ۡʵңϷټŻһ
Ϸ˻·ϣȵ
³ϺʹϲԸ˳ݣҲͦøֱֲ̧زŪ٣Ө͸䲽ҡεۻԼ̫˴žۣ´λǸ򵥵ģƵһͲ
ϵˣһҲʮ飬һ㶼ᣬûм򵥵ѽ
ĸŮһһͣɹҧгݵͶĿ⣬ɱضԱ˵Ŵ磬۹س̶ԼɱȲ³ϣƷζвмȻҪ³̻Ůõöࡣ
ôʲô࣬ʵҲطޡ
³ЦЦˣòþʲô鱦ڸǲҵòɩÿһױܻģĽġ
ݲ̿񴵲ʺƨò˫˵öԣ
ϣޣҪ
۲ϹۣƵغȲ衣
ǼңûܸٵãΨһŮǰǴģҲҶ̫ҪŮȻûԼɿȥãʲôأ
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ЦΪ̫ǸʲôõģŲҪ
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ٸ룬ǧȷĸףʥּͻᵽˡ
ϷŶһٿúܣ˲ĸӣҲΪҼ޽ݸġ
ת³ϣǰ˵˵
³ϱҪļ˵ˣϷɵ㣬úõģ̫ôᵽݸ
ݸõóֵҲˣȻֻƷС٣ռ˼ʷ֣ڱǶмֱ棬ɾ̫࿴
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Ϸ˿Ŀ⺬ۣ׵ŮСϥ³лùֶ£˭ܲϲ
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ĿһҲͨˣȼκ˶ÿ
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һӶݼӣҪ֪ԼָҪʲô衣
͵Ļ޿ɸģٶֵλ˵ˣϷ࣬̾һⷿͷһּλļױɡ
³ҪڣϷһֹˣСҲֻӡ
ϵǺģǰ޵СŮ棬ڽǱ游ĸţϷҲ
ֵʱϷ˺ƽȹҾһκӣͷ棬㹻ˡ
һ٣̫ԣׯӵģֵʱôᣬ㲻ŮҲȥֱֱһ㡣
ĸףǷЩ׵
ﲻ׵ϷȹЩвϹأ
ݼˣôϷ˼Ĭ˻ĸ˵öԡ
ϷϲϺãҲΪ˶ϷøТǳԿ
ԽԽջƫ޴죬ڵվƤЦⲻЦûʲôĸ׻ױǺˣ᲻֪жءãĸл
õл˸ϧûϧҲվϷߵģĸŮԵĲɷ׷бģŴо͹үˣŮϷ˼ױôôأ
ܵ澵Ŀ⣬Խ޹⣬ûĸףϱû£ȸˡ
ñһ£סƳڳԸ㣬һûûεģ΢΢̡
ͻȻܵһϮɴ˸ö΢ģһã
³ϰı𼱣Ⱥȿˮ
ͷ̽ӹ׵ıǺˮ
лҪ˵ллСʹǵ֧~
Ӵ(ޣգ)~

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ҹ룬ɫȥ˯š
κ̲ס˼磬뻹û˯ӣȥˡ
첻֪ʱСѾͷˡ
ڱС϶Ϊ·˭ء
Сͷ絷⣬ǰǰ˶û취Ǿ͸ûˣǲҪԼɢɢİɡ
СѾͷһ̾Լҹ
۵Ѿ߽Ժӡ
¹䣬ĿһƬ˪ԺҵҡҡλΣѾһյʣһҲֻʵĹ⡣
ӣԳˡ
£ϲ֪ͳ룬ƽʱ룬ֲܡ 
ԺӲ׼߼Ȧٻȥš
ȦʱȻѭŷһǹӰϤˡ
ԺӺݲýݼԴҹڵ﷿ʲô
ȥһģݼŵò˾Уæ̸ֵĻ¡
ţغֳһ˴£͵Ķ
ݲ³üչ˵˼ͳĬã³ϺȻҪȥ
ݲ̱װͰ͵У
ǸʲôΪ֪˶ǰǹԼˣΪ檣ߣʲôõģž˲ˬ
ݲѵö³ǿӲһΣȻҲ֪ԵɣӰΣվ뷨
룬˱Ͼǰ˸ӴŵݣҪǹĸɳ׵Ĳĵó谮ҲܺȨϸϵ
οѾδϵʥϿĿڣȥҲΪѶԷûҪ
³ϱûãתݲ˵
̸̸ţͲ֪ת˶ٸ˵ݲδǰĺ֪˵ݲŮʱŪ󾹻ᵽݲʮǰһ˰Ѽѵĸȫһ£³ϻ
򡢷ˡջҪءݲʹ۴Уᡢ㰡ˣ´һ㡭
֪ļͥλýζݼʱĿĶˣ̲סʼ͵Цּѵײ˴ô졣
һ˲䴫ݲ򸾵ʡ
Ѳƶ˼һ˲ֳһӣ˾춯صһЦɿԱȥˡ
ڵƻ𣬴򿪣ݼԡ
ɹһŮ˫
**
ʳһֳ˯һͱ˸ʥּ
˫ɣأȫ֪ă˵ЩʲôݲݼԵ״࣬ȥ󷿣һҲ³ѵôǵùܼҸͺɰ
ּăǳ鴤ûôһҡǼ޸Ǹ˻ɥǺôӦûػǷô£
˵ɰķ㣬̴Ű븴Ӱعȥˣڵʱλ˵һͦµİɡ
ʥּˣͷȥ˯һʱϴȥǰ緹
Źװǰһ˼ϴ󲻸˵ص
Ųһ٣ɵС𣬡Ҫծģ
СƣǲҪ˵ģǷǮ𣿡
һͷ׼ˡ
ЩһӶ¹˯Ͳ齣Ƕ˾ȻһʣݹǺùء
̻˭ĪǸһ٣ҽ˰ȥ
ֶʱˣûôûˣѵʲô
ܼҷʹɫʾǹˡ
׼ȷ˵ǻʺ̵δصġ
ˣѡ񿴲λϾ׼һ󲽿ֹˣѾʱˣݹѵ֪ʱͲ˾أֻܺˮ
Ƕͷεʱ򣬼̧־ͼһŴ׸⡣ֺһ֣һŴ׸ʱɵ˵ϡ
ϸƤ⣬һֱѸٺһ飬Ҳðˮˡ
ֲֵмСŻСɶ˲ƯôҲͻʹֶװ
סʹỨһӣҴȥ
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Χһӵϣһ۸ǹˣ
ֲţǿǻʺµġ
ʲôʺµģ˵˵ʺôȣ۸ǹޣǴҡײƭġСˣȴһ٣Ȼٺú󵽵Ķġ
Сһ͵񣬰ʱԵСˣͷ
һӺ󣬼ˣ³ҲѶִһ٣
šգգۣѷŵ˵˱飬³Ҳһӣúã£һͲʲô̹صģָڹҲǸɨ֡
˻ڻʺӵģһеҪúüʶһδƨߵˣ˴δܹ硣
û絽һʱͱδ˴һ٣Ϣر˽ѼӲᱻϳ͡
³ϺǺЦһݸ䲻ʲôȨ󣬵ͲŻʺΪռǡ
˵ˣͻʵ۹ϵã϶ǸˣͲϱԸݼҡ

³ϿŮ̲סĵ׮¹治ǸõģŸտʼأί
ݸôºܿʹ˴ǶЦ³ϾûӣʺµҲҵҿݼԺûкӹɡ
ᷢԷܵصͷǰ
ǻҲǱֱִ֣ʱĥÿ಻ԡֻŽͣæǲܵġ
Ĳ£ϼͷϳʹ˻
ԼŮҲûֻˣôǳ񣿡
ҡҡͷû£û˯ðɡ
̵óЩҹ˯úãɲľȱҶˡ
šûôȥֻ룬ﵽ׼ʶǳ»ҪԼı
***
ʺµΪδһٵ£Ѹٴǡ
ݸĵ̲ȥ˵չ̣аˬ
ǣðֱ
ݲͬݶĶ˴ֱ
һ湦򶼲͵ĳҲѹˡ
ϢʱʺͻԵûסЦ⣬ݼһǡ
䲻ĸҲȥģȻžž
ߴŮȰˣȷȣ˷ݹô룬ǸòͷԼִ³ŮӣǴô
ʺһ룬ָ׮£ɲǸµġ
ʱҲûδ£Ǹ첻ߵİƷС٣ĸǸ̻ŮҲƷʷܷʲôˣֵˣΪ̫ӱŮԻ˳һˡ
ȷʵûҪݼҼƽϴ£Сˣ»ʺһ䣬ˣȥµġ
лҪ˵Ůİ~~ǰȽ٣Ҳܿ
ϣлСɰǵӪҺȺ*s3t)

004

ǲȥݸһ˦ʹЩ鱦С粨Ҳȥˡ
̹صģǰ֮˶ԼòϿδ˯ʱй๡
λԲҲãһ۾ͿݸһҶ²ġݶƵòβӣ¶֪£ԳӲһӻţǰס
뵽ʺĽ˲ûɫάǵ˲ݸ˵ĺøС
ɲȣ˵˵ٳŮһ˽øѧ
ѧûգݸյԴ󳤹ǰȥμӳǽ
͵ݸݣûҴƹʱȥ
գĸŮʼ׼ױݡ
³ƫءɵΣҪһۿȥ֪ûģϹ˵ۡ 
֮ôߵôۺĽãҲÿÿڸǰִ˲ƣƵԭ֮һ
Ϊ³ϵıŮĿһ¡
˾ϸѡһѡƽȹʯȸΡܽضԼ͸ޱȵı
ֺɸ֣ȰȰҲûãһʹļףǸӰ˶ƫϲָĴ磡ЩĹŮĸǰԼŸ߹ױ磬һλɺãȫԼϲ
³һҲױʵϾҲײƽյױؾʱԵˮܽأɰףױ촽ݡڷīһ۱ץס򣬻һ˼主󻨡
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СûѧЩҲֻȥոֿˡƽ⣬Ӧɡ
͸ɫҭ£ҲȰ
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֪δĸײǸ̻Ůĳ΢˼ЩŮĴ˷֣߹ִݡ
յЩ޵ذ۹Ʈȥͦͦء
һžɫӳΣڷ촽һʱǶβŻֲü˵̫Ӷ˽ȥȷʵһռò
գգۣٹӸ̾ʱܵС¹ײô˶˵³ԡ
ǰΪŮҲǷɱģǰ˾кüλΪְһָ㡣
ʳɫҲƯȷʵٺøУǰ϶ϴ󲿷˻ͦѺõġ
ȴ̲ס޵۹ɨ˶ԷݹӺͶ׹ʯǽġ
ߣִ
˳Ŀ⿴ϼ͸ˮͷǿ۹⣬ЩҾϸѡõġ

ٽ⸧ԼĶ׹˵ݹĸ̿鱦̵ģξǶ࣬ңҲ;ԴϺѰķ΢ܿ
ָȥǶԷãЦȻһ֣Ӻɰó˶ķ飬ǿ뷨֮ǰһֱҪʲôƳۣǶ׹ÿ

ɫ΢΢ǺĿԼҪƽľԷǸƴֵ̻Ůûʲôüƽϵģ۾Լû
뷨Ȼͬ;ǰĳͦɰġ
ةŮҲǼλĽߵֹǸ꾫ģ˭ء
⻰ûֳҢȴˣ̵˵ʲôأ㲻ΪԼͨͨͼݹò
̣
ΡΡָָԼңͨͨ
Ңܿ϶ѵô
ԼӸ綢ż͵ص˵ͷ
۵һԶˡ
˿ıӰٿ˿һļž
ЦһߵϸۣͷÿӣҲҪϲˡ
ǸüŮЦҲÿ
ЦӤʾԵԣʱ嵭ױظУԵδѡŮһ̴Ӥʵ˺޵ֿС𣿡
ԭҡͷԡ
มŮϧ̾ٶԼҽܣǱ飬ղӦûסɣ
šӦ̫ˣҼԲá
ܵԺҪͷʹˣʶǵˣ׹ϵҲüס뵱ұĸ׸մȥμʱҲǿøͷء
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ôԱϷ΢õŬ䣬˶ǰǴżȻĻᡣ
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벻ʱ䣬еסߴ˶١һͷܵģǱϷ˵Ļһ档
ܿͱˣΪת۾͵˴֮ա
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̾һ³ϲ˵̫ͽŮţЦЦˣƯƯȥɡ
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ǰӭ׵˸ű飬֪ЦҪſޣ¼Ůһϰף˭Ҳûŵ͸޳İ
ˣϷ˶ȣӵʱôϽѼԸ
ˣϷ۵׺γδ⣬ϵԵϣλŮˡ
㲻ǡϷҲϣŮҪʲô

ϲһ𣬼Ҳһſŵ޵ðӺСĶˣ߽Ȱˣٿʪˣ˵ֲǲܻظô·
˵˵ţСѾͷҲݸģҲһô̵ס
ڽֿһйһҵĳӣоܡ
Сæ³ǰóͶιԼҹü÷Դ˵㣬̫ˣҲҪڶΡ
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Ա㣬ڽ˺һҡҡλεصˡ
˯еԺκ󱻽ʱԼҵСѾͷģЩô졣
Ųһ٣׾ŵǵ㣬ٵСڻ˵΢ɼĵĭ
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סԼƿʵһ͹ĽٶʱüʶˣĿԱƮȻʶĺܲԵȡ
Ծͬв㰫վȻ
߾ųߣǶȺ˵ϻѪͳԻʼĶȽϰڡ
Ŭ飬Ƴ˼ƥǳʵĵʱ޿̶ڷź⡣
ƺܿɿ˷ֱǣźߣ裬ż
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УڲлʼҸۡĹ಻ȱĽϷ飬̨ͤ¥ۣˮʱǷ˼Ĳ
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˵һ굱߰¶ڸۡʵҲˣԺǺɣ 
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СѾͷͦظ¶ӣģ΢飬Ҳ˱
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ȵۺԪţⳡɶʦ̫顣
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ССĻȫֺԼˣ̶̵ʱھϲ˼СβƵĸżתתȥȼѾϴ׼ЪϢʱż齣һס̵Ůܲ塣
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ͬʱ鵱ҹһλˡڱƴơ
浨սľذ⡢˰ɣ  
ƽүʱЩ͵طĸƣʵҲЩƣүһǳֹȥǰǼ֮Ѿܾûүȹˡ
ʵ֤δҲ˿塣ɫ糣̫ӡҢݼԵ˶Ѿ˵ϡ
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·ǵݼֳЬţӸµߣõģ
ϲݼҲϲһң뵽Ӵ˳ͺ޵ɶ˼ţϾͱһѱסСȣã㲻Ҫߡ
󾪣ƴ˦ֲüУҵ죬˸Ҽܿ 
ǵ͵Ĺ㣬ƽռɾ٣ı׽һ࣬ȹº޲öݼԵ֡
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½½˼һμΪ˲ٿ̣һǱһֻܾ׷𡣼ŬرܣʺĺΪʲôҪ׷Լ޶⣬ԣϲʲôԸİ
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Ͳ˵·;Ȥûߵģעɱر˷ȥࡣ
ͦüŨͺܺÿҲִܱ֬һ϶ܺÿΪעĿʱʱƮȥпգ֪һ˼
ܹܶעӣġĵġġηġʽ޷ܾľֻͷһءΪȢС񲻴κĿģ¶С¹ں棬ǵؿ۶ѡ
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ţȻ΢΢üеܡ峿ûעԶЩͳˣ¸ǲʡ
һֻǰ̯һСɾµҩƿźɫСӣԼ࣬ʳ
ʳǹܼ͵͵ģܼҿ̫ܵ뵽ųԵñ¿ܻ᲻ʻҲҪš
ܼһٽүĺ÷
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΢Ĭ̧ջҩƿԼʱ治ɫˡ
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θԼҪ¶ӣӺСȻɱñֱͦߡ
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һĿˮȳʱҪϼ֣һ뵽ҹǶҹ̫ľ񱻺˰ѣ̴̵ģɴŶ⿪ڣϲ壬뵽Ǽλ嶨׵Ĺûϵܼ׵졣
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Լĺãеˣѵ˵ݹϲˣ
ʵҲЩӣѵԼţָ˸ðĽС˶
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һ޹ȫɫӡ


014

ֱʱʵ۲֪ڵԼҶӱѵһٵ£ʱٸнܻܵ㱩Ƣ
ƢʵְֺۡޡȷĶԷ˱ס־̫˿˼һ֮档
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ֳǰ̫ʱʵ۾ܵ˲ٻɣΪ̫ӸǾٰ㲨ۣǻ겻δշá
λʱȨ֣֮ɵһλԵɵʼɢֻ֧п
ǻʵ۵ͷ̣һҪȥĿǰֻнѹסطء 
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ЩżˣȴҲʵ֮²뵽ܴܵͻ飬˼Ÿɴھְš
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ʵᣬŭɻʺ󣬺಻ʾӣķֿʼÿһ֡
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˵µĶֱܣԽԽףҧˡ
µĶҧˣСѾͷãˣϸһ룬Ϸ˽̹Ļ
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015

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ĳͲܳ裬صĹܼҶ̬Ⱥӡ󶼺ܲ˽ἰʱ
ˣܼŹĸ˺˱ԺеȺ򣬵üūţҵүأƹһʱ븮ԵЩǸڵ˲Ŀ
ү˼𣿡׵Сʡ
ܼҴ𣬡ү⽻һ͸ĸƹܣ˳
ףǳүܼҶ꣬ʱ䡣ҳٲ£вԵΡ
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˵ĸΪ̻ŮܼȻǵ治֪Ƽңܾ˸ɾ䣬Ҳʵϡ
ݾĬ䣬վū˵䲻׵Ļ
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ҭ£װûڣȻ٣Ϊ˸Եĸ֮𣬷֮ӡߣܼұϾΪū֮ǰүʱڸУĸùܼҳȥүҲá
ָ͵Ҳ̫࣬ƽС˴ͣ޴֣ܼҺū澵ȴЭǡ
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016

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ϾôûأΪһ㱻ѵĶֳݼԡ
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ۡ
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£òͷ
ʶʱƺƽЩ˽ݣڵɫֵ̼Ժ׼ȥ
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ţݼһоʯأɲнż⡣
ݼסʶʹ໵һҽ졣


017

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ⲻóݼԲ죬ҪܼЩͲ۸ˡ
³Ϻݺݵͷأмߴ֣ܳãҲˡ
ߣݼԺߺ󣬵Ҳ֪ԼװǻƵûʲôɥţͷͱι˿ǣ̵ģ˲תãã⼸Σûɣ
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ĸŮԻ·ϣҡͷûУүÿζ˯ǰصģһ齾˯ˡ
ԣ³Ҳ֪һǸɿȻŮ˱ܻͼǰûôӴ˽Ů֮£Ҳ֪ζʲô
ĿǰδԲΪʲôֻҪǷޣⲻһյġ
˼ǣҪЩʲô𣿡
á³϶˶٣ڼ˵˼䣬ĩ˼¶ͷģ̾
ǡһŮµװɡ
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һӣǹŹֵġſСգ̲סô롣
սŵʱ赶ŪǹŻүŶð⸮СӡүĴӾƵƵһֵүȰүǡҪ֪ûҲûҪ涼Ҫǳʳ˶
үȣһʲôܴݽС
ݲѳζǵ뻹ʲô˵ҪǶһͺһ㣬Ǻܲǵ֣
żӲˣݲʾֳ١ٱԵЩηҲʵӲͷƤ
ò׵ŵʱֵ˿ض
ʱòŸϲ鲻ԸĥˣҲܼݼ㲵ģҲ뿴
Զɱ˵ĳѪŽȵĴѪȾʪȹڡɪɪУܸе䵭ɨԼһۣ·ǲֵһϡ
ʱΪԼ̫ӵ±¶ɱģףͲںϵδϡ
ãϻֵˣô
䡣ЦһŬ򶨣˶ѣﲻõġ
ףȻûдǰ¡
Կȥһ㶣ֻ˵˾ʲôָ̧һ㣬ɫ䵭ȴΪ׽
ӡеȫͬ 
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תֵ޵ܲҴģǱļɲǱġ
ЦͲ֪ݼ
˵ˡĵ׺Ȼһ꣬ŤͷǱߣΣֲǵ£Ƕʲôˣû˵Сۡ
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ߵСûע⣬󲿷˶ȥˡ
ֻòȣûпڸĵطȻȼʮ꣬λǶδȢޣеļʵ㲻ί෴˱ˡ
ݲ⻹ͷԼСײ˵
ž⣬ݲŵӾٱ˹ǻСŮСڼǽߣ£үպൣݡ
³˵ЩͶȥ͵Ŀ⣬ݲĸʢ룺ҲǵСģΪ˷˺ȥʵһҲҡ
ĸӣٱ˶ֵġ
һݲһھƲûǺں͵ÿ鲻Խ˸¡
ƺûҲû곤٣ôôء
áȿȣãԲˣԲˡ
ҲӦҪ󣬳żֺ̳꣬Ե
Ϸߵҿ˵ǶĬĬǷ
ĺгΧжȹվҪȥ˯ûϰԣ׼ݲӶ˴ڸй䡣
ٷֱǰ׿δ̧žҪߣһְ̧סԴ
үôˣ
û˵ĬؿƬ̣ڼãȻʱԴ£Թȥ˯
ԡ˵ֱëȻĸо˫Բһܾģ
УȻ»޸鲻֤
Ϸ˶¶һοЦݣÿʵۡ
صУô붼ףһԵɼ޸ôôѵΪݼòЩ
ܣ̰ɫ֮ˡ
Ĳ޷Ҳȷʵҽӽ̽ķ£Ƴϵţ뵽λʲô޷ӽĺӡ
һĶݼжôģ
лҪ˵һֳ

018

鷿
žΨ̷ӵݸգռݸһվɣδκο֮
ʷΪ̰ɫΪδɡ
ĸ³ЩƱ͵ն˵
΢٣˿ɫ˵үֻٺ»ƶ񤣬Ϊ׾ݣ԰Щ
׾˵úʵϵʱԭֱ֣Ӿ˵Ǹ
룬үôʱգ˵ү̫רϱ壬ǵһμ˵үģܿࡣ
ҲɫصسĬƬ̣ݸ
ǲ˰бɡ
ȥȻ˼һΪΪӡ
ҹĻУС꿪ʼ£ܡĴ򣬵δʯСⶼʪ
ɡ󣬺ʣ˯ˣ
ʱСӦ˯ˡ𣬡ܼ˵СӾ񲻴ãǲġ
ΪΣ
֪ĸ˵һնţСͻȻ㲻˵ˡ
Ϸںˣ֪ǵҪԣ˻һˣЩ˶ˣҲ
ȥ䣬Ѿ򻳶ڵСԺ
澺٣ڻСԺȴʮˣֻΧŻһת˵ϵһϡ
үĸӭСӸ˯һӣҪѣ
ءҿߡ
ԺҲϡ棬ţԾ˵⡣
Сºڣ˯ˣҲȼһյСС̨ϹһСԼԴ˽ȥƺûȫеģ
ְ̧СԴųڴǰ䵭ü΢עǰССĺͯ
һμʱУûգȴǸĸ˫
ĸֻǸݵ΢̫ңȻҲݲδע⣬ԱֳѪϧҲ»ʱѪ
ƴֳ֪Ѫ䡣
鶯С˾䣬˵˸ߣһСС
ԴһӰУ𲻶

´ˡСϼС̽ͷɫҹúڣ̨˸ҪҪЩ˯үܽҹˣ˵鷿
һͷ鷿ʱȥҲûƼˡ
ȻνֵڣϴþſſڴϣһȦ뷨ǾϨơ
ϨյүδطĪ
Сӷˣյǡ
΢תֵҲãܵϢ
û뵽˺˵С죬һҲ˰ɣȥЪϢ˷̶λӡ
Ϯˣǻʺµ˭
ҼǵӽܼңǶ˰˱𴦣ˣСӼˣ̽˴ȥļơ
һЦᣬǻʺµǶү⡣
еģС֪ܲʲô⡣
˸ֿۣɱңʺｫ˴͸ǾˣǻʺҲָܲɣĶڹںδɻ
СѾͷûûΣ治úŪֶһۣ˭ҼٴСǲţȥʱˡ
ǻʺˣȻô˵ô㿩СֹƳûɴŮӣҪҲҺÿЩģүƽûʲôŮӣֲϹܿô
&Ůӣ
˵˵һСѾͷǲУСǶ÷ֶҪʧ˷ȡ
Ǿ˵أ³ϺôеСôСѾͷԭˢӡ
ҹļҲޣһ룬԰˾ͰԺýݾͲýݰɣԺҲúܡ
˿֪ԼСѾͷ˸鷳ҹһ˶ռ齣˯ޱȣȴ˸ƵΡ
һֻ͵Ĵ󹷰һƽʱܳĬôһжŭſһ˺ѶԷԷ˲ɥ¼ˡ
ô͹һĽֻŴ󹷻ͷԼ˺ܾúð֣һ㣬Ͳ㡣

Ҫ˵ʲôһתѾ˦˳
ˣСæӭʱеء
һڣ˱ջŷºеĳ⡣
ҪԹ⡣


019

ҲûԳɹ⣬ΪûãԺ˸ծ
һϤĽĳСצӣѭȥڴ仨ľƳһĨصɫϲСӡ
ٻɫèһ˦βŢĻϴأֱڣһʪצӡ
ӴʧɫСӣǧ𡭡
ȻѾˣè˳Ϥζ˲ͱQ˼ǰʱױ̨ǰǷ

ôоĳϤɻ֧˯ۣʱһž޴èռߣһɨŢСצӣǽӲˡ
ҵܲףʶ޻ţèģҪһȥϥϣȴɿվһ㣬ાˤڵ̯è
ֵ㣬ǻǺ졣
໰
СǲצԼģҲδΪĵ࿪ģоӳˡ
Ϊֻè̫Եˣ¾ǺʳҪҪϹҲҪľӣȥ˺üհõӡ
Ҳ㲻Ҳ򲻹ֻشӴ۳ʲôҲһݡ
СӲǼèǲ֪ʱﵽԺȥģû³һεģ֪ǿҲûôĹû뵽Ȼ
뵽ӴԺҪʲô÷èһСӵĿⶼį}ûţܲС
޵İΣ⸺ĵһ㶼飡
Ȼǳҵèˡ룬һӣץ
С˻ڷ߱ڰСȼ֮ɿŴСڵèëɣջǱǴС
һλ˾޴СӷúǼңҲûڼһצӣֻڶ;Ū˺Щ˼Сƿ
УβͣգۣС
໰
߶Ķ;ԺһˣèԴűߡǼǵţҪŶˡ
ѶƿţΪԺذס˻еСӡ
쳤˲˾ȣСĶҰè
ɲòֱӣҹСʪСһ·ѰƽʱĴ͹ˮë;һһš
Ҫèҹǿ˶һ֣¶޺ɰСǣϴ衣

ˣӰСǿһкˣһ˰ϴһȥϵëǳ˵ڹ۸ǴӴԺҪµë
Ǵû˵ķʽ𾪣ɱǷҲ벻ʲôæ
ΣһҪ޲޵ؾ֣ǡūҲ
Ҳ𾪵ؿƬ̺ڰ֣ˣҰɡ

Ժӵ۵£λȥһͰˮС໵ĽҪèȥˮͣ΢˵㡣
ˣϴèҲԲǸɻ
СȻиСӣⲻǰӸİƣʵѾСˡ
ԼĪСгɳܳëƤ˳˵һ׼ǻơ
èûϲˮݵģСҲ⣬Ŷ̶̵һʱڣѾԺȦҲץΣǵԺèë衣
ӱǺ߶ҵҵؼèëʼ
֣⵽ĥ˻ĥԼ
룬һ⡣ǰڼУûɹѹƹСӣֻҪ룬ǾͱץȻһˡ
ѵΪЩСԵ𣿼ɻһ˲ܿͰҹ׵Ժ
磬鷿һֱӰֱ󣬹ܼҷүȥ䳡һΡ
Ȣȥ䳡棬´ҲֻóĿⰵȥСûʲôӦӦˡ
䳡İ˾ȥ䳡֮һ
ѡ˼ɫװڷ߸󣬼һܾȱ˵ʲôѺ˸׺ʯСޡ
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ϴɱСתһȦʾͬһģĵӼͷٲȻѲصɽģ
ıӽСӿ˺ĶȥһѵƣһѰסԴѹèëֻëèˡ
СӾ
˼Ҹоҡ
ӺС𸽺ͣҲоˡ
ˣѸոո׼Сʳצôо񣬿϶

СӷŭĻ̌
䳡ԶʻһҲ㵽ˣԶԶһߴ˶ɫȻͬʼֱһޡ
мԴڳಲԴ򣬼ᣬˮ
ˡȻȴкֱʻ볡ڣͣڳ̨
үڳ£Ժ󡣡ǰĿӭ۽΢ɲʶ¡
ŻͦпŶȵģСȷɲͬף֪
ɫװʮ磬һ·ȥޡĮȻĿӸͶ֪ΪСըëڰӻƺʱҪ³ȥ˸һܡ
׺ڼߵǰʱ˲ϨˣըèëۿɼٶȥСצӷɿһ뻳Լ˰ӽź󣬾
ֻʩһ⣬Ҳûʣżߵһʯǰ䣿
еãؿʵûС
ߡԼࡣ

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Ŀܳɡ
СƬ̣Ȱ󣬹̧һ£ۡ
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ԣ䳡ҲԼүе̫ϧˡвںģôôƯôСͲ΢º͵ô
ţǲͶȥͬĿ⣬СһίҪ޲޵ĿģĻûüȫữСүľܾһߡ
ʯѿһޱȵķ졣

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лҪ˵ǵģǸһ߿һ߱˵Ůǡ

020

һֱҪ󣬲̫³Լһֱôģż˵㣬Ҳ˴ŵС⡣
Լ˿˶৵ؿԼҲŬάһãȻ𾪣ʯͷôôడ
ӺСϣţʯͷǲţ

԰ʯͷôôױأĿתȥÿ϶ԼˣôɰСôǰأ
ʵǱʲôʯͷͲӲ԰ɣ
Ƥһޱţǲ˺үʱӺݺˤڵĳ
ҪүôһҲҪǼ£СɱΡ
үȻүˣһ㶼Ϊɫ
ȵĴžҪˣڲ鵽δѧʱ츳²⣬֮еϡ
Ŀ£˿ʯ죬һĨϸСʯӡ
к߼ʯûʯӼӲĳ̶ȡʶʯٺ˶ʱþĿ⿴ȥĲǼ
ҲֻүȢˣȻѰô⡰һš
ԱһǾĺӰ
֪ΪΣоƳߺЩһ˿Ŀϧ
ϧĪӦԼоˡ
һ仰תȥϡ
֪«ﵽʲôҩ˻ıӰȥ
Ǽޱȵϰ|ǹ޵ȥʹãϷһеıĹâ
СһԾͣһ˺|ǹǹ⣬ͷӣһڵ
ԴƳһۣѰˣèҲѰè
ϲĸʡ
ϲ
ѡһ
ȻԸ紫һרޱȣݲ˾ܾľ
ʯͷѾ֪޷ֻᶨҡҡͷҪ
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Ҫ
«
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˵ô̵ʱڣүѾ֪СǳԶ

Ȼ˿ܲЭʽȥһ㲻⣬ѡ˱Ӻ˳ƴȡ£Խ̵ʹޡ
񶼲ΪҪԼЩ桢«Ŵ׸ϣҲû̽Щ
һУӳƵΪԵŮԿʹãĻϵС
ˣҪúʹҪһ㶼СΪ޷ƿڽʱơ츳Ҫ㡣
ָһҪ󣬼л˵ıӣֵͷһƣϸ
˵ȡ׺ʯСޣӲӣóȥϹ˵ۡ
Ĭһ˲΢΢ףĬѡ
ԼүҲһЭḶ́ΪСĳƲƯĬĬ²ۣôүҲǺƽġ
ƽΪɢžվžӺСʮ˽ϰԡԣڶ̶һڿԼҹӵִȤ˫ؿѧϰҲŽС޻û磬ǲͬʱãˡ
СڵͬһԱ߶ţԴ泡еĶҡΣȵģһޡ
ĺɫգⳡѧлѾȥʱˡ
յ˽䣬ŷԼ˫۵ÿ̧
СһӵϷס۵Ϊҵķ˿죬үʲôùôá
ȴҡҡͷҾͦġ
ôķУΨһԸѧıΪ۳ҵģˬ⣬ֶһ
ڽ˺һͬ˲С类ɫ߶
ʻΣÿա
ѵӦеԺ̫ˣɿʼ
СԴ˰ΣڵֵסܹĺԱߵȥҲûܰѡ
һĿᵭڼڳʱйӦĵλÿʼ𽥷仯ʶаԴϥʱ಻йκζ
ϥϥӲⳡСʱеĸоӲ
һתԴɬ۵۵׷ỨβһȦֿίޱȵسԱȥһ̣ܰવ
һĽӴ̵ûôˣڼнļƣҿˣүȺӲ
šѵҲܻӦһ䣬ȻҲӲġ
գۣβˮοʪ||´ΣܲڼӸ
á
˼ˡջǾүΪɫĻ
лҪ˵ȻүֱУһҪ˵һ䣺˭ס
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021

ȻûʶԼĵСǰȴǰʱĵصȴ˻һѡ
˾ٱܼʱϻοòᣬڼүҪϵ
ϲ˽ķӦϣȥú˵ȼȥԡϴϻԸ澸䲼š
ţԵذæһֻϺܵΪּܼ˵ģȷүıˡ
ż찡үȻͻΪˡ
ȻʵʵǶԵģλСٳ;˼ңⲻųȥأү仯֮
û˾䣬ܼҴ𣺡СӽҪүŮһ磬齡
š
˻ڷΧֻе㰲
ֿ̳˻ʶʲôͻȻ̧ȥ
ͷҲδ̧֪˼գС
ĶʱŻ˶ӣã«Ŵ׸ⶼڣǷǳõˡ
ˣ
λڴʲô
ʤģִź룺ԭϲô
ֲãֲûʺ֮ǰﰵô˶ûܡ
Ȼ²ȥˣֻΪʲôС˽ģ
űϣΪ˲СӣӲƾųڵ־һӣſϴ齡
һʱһʱˬ۾ǻۡ
С·Уƺ齺ͬ˯鰴סˡ
ﻹãСһ٣ⴲ齻һģ´ξͼСˡ
ֹΣСӺβ˼ȦȥΪ׼ѣۣˡ
ҹطҲ쳣磬Ժϴѻ¡
ԺţͬĿ⣬Էǿˡ
ɫԣ޲ؽ˷
¹ҵƻ裬ʹʹȥӲȥ۵׵ĺ⣬ٲȻǸߴĹˡ
λأøһĨκ죬ͬʱо±֮º̫ӣҲʲô
ĮԶʣʹҪõڲͬעӡ
һǣ֪ԶŲֻŲֻ̣Сڹ
;ǣ۵֫룬ڼкã齶Լһ˵ģô˯ô˯
˵Ǽ¡΢΢ƫӷ϶ȥһ壬¾ŶҪκ˷̣ƺҲû׽κ˵˼
ʹѾ˷ޣȥһ⣬ҲѰûʲô
׾˼оû֮ǰ£ԣĻ
£䲻
һ£ôˣ
ǽ̵һ磬ӻ⣬Ҳڣк£
ʶԼĶգ͵ۣᣬеۡ
ϸЩܴһίζ
ᱻĶһ٣
ţԣյļǹԹŲŲλá
£˫ַ˼䣬һ֣µϸӯӯһգס˻ڻ׺֪Ҫʲô
Լ䣬˵ĸоֵ˲ʱһ
໡ͣ£ۣ
ҡҡͷ̫ˡ
˵Ծſøƽүȡ
ȥܻӣһ㶼ǵǰǸŵ޵ˡ
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úýӲ۵֫·һ̲ˮ|||ĸоȫͰСȫͬƫȴһۣÿһѨǡô
޸ԼԶԷۣǸÿˣǳ
ţҲôףûбҪô¡
ݣ桢ǿȻôᣬСƺΪĸо˿Σ㲻ɬ
ԣĹȻΪͶ
˶һۣ¶˾ġ

ɫףǼĻ֮ʣԺ֨һƿ
һһӰˮڣǴÿ齵ʱ磬Ҳ˷ֻ̣ҪˮСǴסᣬȻʱ
˵˷̡ʿҲ̲ס򺮲
һ˵ūǻʺźүģ͸Щ¡
˵գž̽Եؽȥ׼Ϊ¡
ţֱ̿۱˶

ءһ콫˯оѣԺֻ̧СƵı˽үү
ôˣӣ˯ۣһСë
״˿һֱ֣һˡ
СҲɵ˰ͷǣǻʺµˡ͵͵źϲ˴ֱ̧һߣͣ͡
£뵽ǸջһϢģ;ÿ¡
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ֲ߶ײУҥ԰
һʱ˯ȫޣ𣿡
ţԺոշġ
δ˵꣬ѾЬ˳ȥûȫ̤ţȻƼԺԵһˣΣ֮һһ˿̱ڵ˫ۣɪɪ
ǰһ̽ϢүϢ
һֱ߳ԺǴסŽһʱѪʹȥڣ϶ˡ
⣬ɨԺУ̲ͻػʹ


022

ʱʹ
ʺŭˤһԶ䰮İ״ɹƣԽѱºͱˡ
µˣ˵ʹ˵ɱɱںεأ
ŮǾСˣȷϲðȻ
ʺ۷һɨǾһ飬ԡ
ˣƵôΪԷ⡣ҲǴβСˤһ车ʪ۽ȴδͷ֮µӡ̫Ŷ̲סΪʶΪǴǰб֮ˡ
ʺûע⵽˵ĲԾתûõأ
ƫȺǷҪ٣
ÊʻʺĿɻȴһתϾΪˣȥ̫ҽ
˾ٹȻûʺ˲ٸж֮ģǾȥ˼
ʺ󴫊ʻӣȥǰ˻ʵۡ
ʵŵôǴŭΪôְͷۡΪһ֮£ľط֣ĶȵԪĸˣҲǿ֧ܰˡ
һʵ̫ˣ緱࣬Ѿ𣬲µҲС
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ʵɫڣֻС԰ˣǰżȻȹһΣʲôûдͻ飬ùҲ޸ġ
浴󳤹ļҲǹɲСϧʵʱ޷ԼߣҲǵ
檵˼ǣȻѾɻ飬ǶҲЪ˼ѡиΪ볤ͼ䡭
˵λʵһΪ޲֪⾩Ƕļ竣ǵȲѧ֮ˣ㵱ùûͬ⣿˵Ρ
ʺҲ΢ЦȻˣǸɽҲˣܲһֱڹУʱ򡭡
ֶˣУʵۻִϣܲͷģмõóֵĶɣ޴ͻ飬бԼȡȥ
˵Ҳǵã˦ȥ
ʺ󶨶ĿıӰҲ˿
ʶ̾º͸ɽ⸣ɽʮ˰ɣ᲻øء

ѧӡ
ӳһޣȥֻдʣࡢ
ģȻԵ䵭ʵôˣһ㶼벻ɰߵðĳ

ջ˼۽΢Ĵ룬Ǻ͵ۺǵĶԹϵӦò¡
Ͼôɣÿ춼ʵ
ʵļʱʮյļò˶ԿĿ࿴Ҳѵÿ˾䣬
΢΢ϢӹСͭŮẹʪ棬ڷңɫ󣬼͸ϸ壬ȫƵǼ⻬
俴ôǺܶģԼòԾͿá
ҿʼϳյģ֣ÿʱɡ
õİ¼ѽˡ
ڲڸԲ𲻴󣬼ףţүߺá

ܼһǣСѣүÿջҪġ
มҲССӦȥ˾ʶүÿϳ˳ġ
˳ǲ˳ĵģֶԷ޹ϵ޸˶ܹСԼֲ̬ȲԡҲǸܿ˳۵ġͬ˰ˣ⣬ģҲȥ롣
źվɲӰû͵͵˹
СһСӴûȣÿնҪһ֣Ȼ۰ϲܣԻҪ
СӶ̺ܿݣװͰ͵̻Լβ͡
ɽ״ͬСߣĲɣԶ׼ʧͲġ˺ܾãżһСģٻĸߣ¶߲
ʱˣȻĥױݸÿʱС̲סˣ죬㶼ҡ
ʲôһĨƵ̱֬ˮɫˣǷܡ
Ϊʲôˣ
ţͷɻ󣬡в𣿡
ԴȥѹˣСȻ˵Ķġ
Ӻʣʲôģ
ӣ˵ҲٽеΪѾȢ˽㣬ԺԼĺӣռ˱˵λá
¶İ㣬СỹǶԺ󲻽еˣֻж塣
ţѽֻܽҽ㡣
ứһ¾ˣ۵һȻҲҰˡ
С˼ѶæҰοˣȴúܲ⣬үȷʵǻ常سƺѡ
ǡǡſöһʼǵ
ƺͬкܴ𣿡룬ʹ֬ʼүϲֲΪ㺰ҲûжԻáѵΪ˸ƺҪһϲֻǵƺүˣ
˼ԭˡ
һ£ﲻԣŬͣšŲΪ
ʲô
ãȻ԰Ϊʲôأȷʵ常ΪʲôԻƺ
ġذοСƨƬ̣ʪСС̾˿ΰ㣬Сɵϡ
ҲŲɵʶɽ벻õĻֻܺСغ
ߺߡΪͻȻͣ£֬Ʋˣ㷽һʱ˼׷ˡ
Сһϧǰ֬ɫôÿ
һȥǡҪô
Цû⣬֬õ𷻵ϺõĥķƵģСӾأ
öôģԴˣǣҡûӡ
̾˿ܳأˣ֪
գʱԼСԺӾͿʼ䵹񣬿ĸһĪСʲôأ
Ķ˵ԼС˼ֻұҲûҳһӺСۿɼرɥˡ
ˣĺⲻ˽֬᲻Ҳˣ
žԲý뷨ʼ۰Ͱ͵ڸǰȴʱƳӰСڵɱȥסȣ壬ɲԽһӣ
лҪ˵Ů趨ĺܶQAQ
ҿҲǵһд_(:١)_
һ䣬׷ĵСɰʺɳ绹ԭ_

023

ӣŲͣ£ĿɨܼҺͻĸ˽ס
ԭǣ治֪СΪͻȻҪӣôҲ޴ð
Իʮֵģ˴ȥ鷿ѯԵɡ
СŤŤ˵ֳ̿ڣѽ齻
ȻеʣһҲûЩЩ±ص壬Ψɫ
˵ΡΪʲôʱһ̬ˣû뵽ԼССҲ˱¡
Ҹ
æҡͷС棬ԣǻ˽֬ȻҪԼȥ⣬öͲһˡ
Ȼֲ˾䣬ǽģԺһỹӡ
Σûƺ
ţ׺գۣ֣ûѽ常岻ҪᣬΪ˳ƺͲϲġ
οˣ̹ȻСʧ䣬óĻǳǿδǿ
ָ̧ȡӸһٿȻʶԼϲ޴ϰߡ
һڴСе常ܵģûҲûӵʵ
ŬŹдǶȡӣˣ
Ӧùɡ¶ҲǵýͰС̸ʳʱ˵ĻѣһԶԶӡ
ԭĺ룬ˣһҪŬ׬ӣͽ㣡
׳־ĵӴڻȥóʱӶȵġ
е죬ΪʲôҪӸң
˼֬ΪûƳɡ֪ӲҲʱֻܻЩԺһỹ࣡

ҲĬĬˣԭ֬ôӶ
һֱ֪µģΪصͷðչӣҲջ֮ǰĻɵһܶ¡
֪˱˵ĶҪ⣬һС˵ȷʵѵˡ
õ佱ɬ򴽣ȻԱСڽŰ˿ڼϲ㣡
˵һˣ㶵ˡ
ڵ澶ҿɫжڣСҪүûãͳװСӵĸӮˣô붼үе
Ĭã٣Ҳ롣
Ȼֻǵﻳծѣ֤Ǻ
˼£͹
˾ͬүȥʣµءţѻȫ˶С
ΪȥүҪǴӵķãǮܻûλСԣ
ӵû˿Լ˵ʲôһͬùźճϴ£ٷһ봲齸ǰˡ
ŬȡҲСһ˶
ϲһһʮǸûСŮϤϢĵ׶ԺҲٵִʱҹĪʱ߳Ƴĺͦĵġ
ȻףֻҪԼףȻΪǸͦദˡ
һҹల£峿ϳȥˣĥ˴̣ʱţڿԳȥˡ
ԼǸͻݵĺӣɻݼٵ£Ҳһֱڸ㣨ȥ˹ͬŵʱŲŲ
վǸɢԸӣҲǼΪѵˡ
δ֮Ϊ˸ļû۾ĳ˵ˡϾڸл³ϻ΢ЩȥǴνֹ˽¼Ϸ⣬ûôҪ
֪Ҫ棬СԺȻҪţλ˷Ĳˣλʧģǰɣ
ҪұɣͱСѾͷװɵƵķܣ湦򶼲
ᣬǰЩҲһŸˣֻȻգŸûŵСȥҲòʲôûڸú̽Ϣ
ǽôƵģЩѾмʼɶˣǵٽС
󣬼װţٵǴСƿСӺͻ
ֻռ۰Ͱ͵ƣٲʾôܼҲܲĥ˵ľΪˣһżǳȥ
ܼǷĵģϾ֪үһ˸Сߡ
ظڣһŵͷҶܼұת˼ָλൣЩȻõҲǷܵĵͷ
̾˿Цε룬СӺʱƣֲ浽һȥ
ֱʻһ¥˴ͿٲҲʮֳ
ֱ¥ֳ᷿ݼͰ͵ص߶̼ӭȥµشۺᡣ
ãûǻģһⶼû١
üİССӴ򷢵һߣݼԵһ仰Ȳʣãʲôʱ취룿
ۡ
᷿Ӷ¶Ǹ飬ŮǰϸձĲˮ
һ޹˭뵽Լս¥ãλȢСҲŽأɲɻڸڡ
˶֮ˣڣⲻͽ˸ܻᱻڵܡ


024

ƣǳľ龫ɱ£Чٶ֮ˡ
һǽ࣬ݼԺ͹Ӷȼش
Դӻ֮ٴμλϵ÷ݼ˼룬ҹշת˯žܾ۸
ȻʱҪ˵ģ涼óԣҲʵ̫Сˡ
˵ͷôԼҪͷʱ͵ֶ򲻹Էʵڿ¡
ɻǰһ˾պô⣬˼ǺһΪҸʹͷٺòˣȻǰȽϺ˵
룿̧ͷմŵĭʲô棿ó𣿡

ֻд˲ܳԡӰСӵԴǼõġ
ม
̺һ裬ŵʲô룿
ݼһ𣿡
Ȼûģ΢΢ףҾͦõġ
Ķ˰ݼԼǳμģˣװͰ̫ӵӣôҲϲͰ
˵ЩίͰͲ˵滰棬ûҺ͵ˡ
⼱еģ󹷣۾ʪģͲȥ
˳ֳԴȴȻװʧ䣬үȻеˣҲǸÿˡ
ÿˡ
ӱЦú࣬ȥˣû뵽ȢСȤ
Ϊ⣬Ǵ̫Ӳ£Ҳֻףڸдġ
䣬˵ү£Ҳϲ˳ɡ
ȻĴôˣ澶η־̬ȻܸܵġϷ˻³ϻ˾˶˵ƵĻʹһûа˾ϲĵطʹλٸȨٴҲ˶
ԣ᷿Ĺϲԣĵȴ΢û뵽ôСȻԿ˷ηע⵽㣬ЩĿ࿴ˡ
ݼԻЩ⣬ΪдԶ˵
Ϊ̫ˡɫ棬ûȥˡ
มݼԻȻ򣬶ʱˡ
ԺʱûԸ˵ѣʹҴѧӣ̾ջ˴ѡȻԺǿ˳ۡ
Ϊ涼öԣҲֲôҪ
ͷֵүȢһƯ˿϶ˡ
ӲûڶڲˮһɨֻԼӲ˻ȥ
СɡǸ룬éӲʯͷĳƢǾ䡣
ǵΣȥĦһƽദġ
˿ɫ޲ƺһֱûЩӰ죬ദĹβ˽⣬ɫľκηӦˡ
治֪»İζȹģûбСЦ
ݼһ˵ÿţú׾ŵһġȰһƺҲòʵ̲סʱˣﶼء
⵹Ǹ⣬ҲĿ¶Ŷ˵
ء᷿ű߿һܸñӿ˭ռ᷿
С󣬿ͣӣⶼǹͣδǰԼãô˰
û˵ͱӲͷߴߴϻʲô᷿һ¥ǲǲˣ
ȻһŲδˣСźۼͬʱ˸ۣҪǿеλ»ȫô
س᷿ڿȥܲȰĿίһ뿪ջԻᲹһסˡ
óɫһԿˣŮѵõĺòͨɲףҲܺãǵһ۾ͽϲ֡Ա߼ŮҲģס
ϧúܣھǲʲôӵܡ
ܶȥֻΪ׵òĽһ㣬԰ȴ·̵ȥһŲ˵ϣˡ
Ҳûϵ᷿ڵĿò֮ãŮϸ֮£ˮˡںָɾ΢΢׵ģԴںˣɰˡ
ȥ¶Ưò񻰵˶
˶ѻ鷢٣ǰ⡢λ˶˭סη
ݼɫһڣҪǰˣְ̧ס
ͬʱ᷿Ҳʾ⣬Ρ
Ŀɫ΢뿴λСδ
ǰ˼˶ͣ㲻Ҫ
ҲһѽСָҪſ˰ɡԵã¼ӿٶȿ˹ȥ
ΪƣһƷ˲º۵ֲ󣬳һĨɫ||еĵЦݣСˣ֪֪˭ǡ
֪˭𣿡̧ף޺غӣʶ𣿡
һӣӾ͸ϸ۴ɰ׵СĶ֪
šͷǻ඼ʶѽ
԰Ҳͷʲô𣿷ȻǾסʶһˡ
סСޣЩӵϰѴ
ǰĹǴˣһˡ
ۼ˶վƺûкµӣӻˣͼȥ˶ô໡
ʹһһӡһۣۡ
󵨣֪ҡ
֪ʵ޹ػش˾䣬ȴûͣٶ׼ȷ˦ȥ˦ӽϣһ⧲͵ˤڵء
ӵʹһæһӵϣݼһȭһס
̶̼Ϣ֮䣬Ӿͺ˵ϣСϻû磬ʹֱС
ں໡ˣ֪ǣ໡
ҵǡ˻
ҹùǡ໣

ǣҴ˶Ҵˣ𡢱ˣ໡
е
Ҵˣˣ۰ء
лҪ˵ʵĳ̶ֳϾǸܺӡ

025

СҪְŸڵĲҽУ롣
Ӧ˵ԼҪϾҲٽֲ¥Ͱѻʺıܳ໽С
ֲúһʼͳԼ֪Сô뿴˳ء
治֪
жЩ𾪣û뵽˸ɴ䣬öԷ˵ݵĻᶼ
֪뷨ͽ̹ˣʱͲöԷȻʱۼֶͣΣɴһ㡣
ݵڵϰζϲԼᱻһС˴ǾǶӵܣ˭֪ͻϷߡͻӡʮͻϷСˣ˭Ҳ磿
ڱһ޸֮Сˣȥɵöඪ˰ţӾ̲סίؿˡˮ˳ĺۺõ½ʣȥΪˡ
ʹӾͱľһǰݼԷųݻˣ֪֪Ҽҹ˭
ֲ֪ʶҹӡݼһŰ˰޹ֻ֪һϷ˲ɷåѵ𣿡
޳ܵý̹Ȼģʹԣ˰λֻܵǾ͵Űɣ
˵껹ɭɭ˾䣬ðӣſСѾͷΪҼҹӵϴ澰ɡ
ݼĿһ̧һߣͰѶԷñס|ʹֱģתĵãʮΪϼƣɣ
ԼССǽһ룬ˣ¥ǲҪꣿ
ŶݼһȻ֮󼪣ȷʵ˵£¥޹ġ
Сö˶ԻʱһЦкøҲ࣬λ˵޷λӻҲµġСţǴǶ߰ɣģǵʱ˵
ϲЦĿ⣬ݼһЦĵСļ磬лˣֵܣǱض㣡
С˰ɣĲ
ϻСӣǰðС̽̽װµģ᷿š
һ˿ԣڼóӺһֱ־ηԺԲǽȻһӳľԼˡ
˼·İӲһƳƳһԷŴ󿪣ޱ鳯һһ飬ʱסˡ
ôˣ˳ȥԴ΢΢ȥö


һգۣɰЦ֣ȻСС֣Ŀбӵغͼ˷ɿ˲¥
ȫԹۣЦ޷͡
ĲˣºСദģҲ̫Ȥˡ
ˡųɻðײԼҹµĳظ᲻ᷢŭߣ᲻˰
˿ģһҲܹԼ̵ģҪѧãŲʦ
ţеˡԽԽò£Լ

ƽ˾ǶǾ˷ӿӻ˵رϻظʱ˶ˡ
Ϊۣܳ谮ֱ˽ʮ꣬Ͳ֪ܵܵ͵ѧҲš˶ҪһϢˣŭ졣
˭˭ģзٹҵļҡ
ұʺĸ壬һֱԻ׹ԾӣлиαĶүƵȨ졣ݳҲ٣ʱɻɶ˸顣
ǡһ֪ĹСսսء
ϴΪԼˣ˭
ŭϽĿ⣬С˵սľͰ͵ذѲ¥˵ɥūȥӵʱǼ˾Ѿ͵͵ˣȥҲ¥ƹƹҲ˵ʶ
ƣС˱һ߿ϴȿ֮ͽŹ֮͢ӣȻ˵֪Ǻˣ
үūšū治֪Ƕʵ⾩κ˼ҵĹӹ
ϴţⲽ£͵飡Ҳ顪
ҵײ֮ʹʶ˵٣ҲȫûУ˵Ȣʱ˵ŭﵽ˶塣
ǲŲżȻֻоףҵģ
뵽Сϣ̲£Ѹٴ˵ӽһʺ
ʺշ¶࣬Ϊףͳ֪ҪζԸϢòѪ
ڹ̫ӳ֣ڽܣô˵
һˣһţ
ȫԼ˴ճһԵĻʺȱȴʻ
лҪ˵Ӧÿİе֪ͨ~
Vһ£ϣ֧Ӵô(ţ3)

026

ʻһɨ, ȥ
ܼɻʱͣЩᣬǴ¡ͻػʺ, ˵岻ʲ, ˱Щȥ
Ҫ, ܼȻֱӦжԷȱ
õشʱܼ΢, ˽շ֮£ܿ¶Ц, ˽˶Է˼
Ǹô, £Ͼүദ, ʱСġҪˡ
ܼұ׼Ʒ߿յֹһǻǻǷ治ʡġ
С˹ɫ, ΢飺ܼңɫɲô˵, Цÿɿ֡
յ⳥һƽһ˲𾪣ʺ󱻺תؾܾ߳ŭ, Ǻˡ
һ׮С£ûѻʹ˷ϣϵʺдһ, ҲСǳ鷳
ۺΪжд̣ҲǳյⲻǸһɰˡ
鷿ĹţճɻҽҡУϢһӰӡ
㱨ոڶķԸɨļѽϤֻ̽һЩϢͰãڸת˼ȦģʲôҲû
Ӱ룬ģҪӶ֮࣬ҪѰʲô
ֵûʺ˴ѰҵĶĪǸԣǸԣүȥ
Ӧһտ͸¶Ϣ
ǣϷǶ״̬пɣδʱСӺ͡
ԣƳ˼һ˲һ䣬ùܼҶ౸Щȥպ˵
ѾԺȥ
תҹɫ͸ź⣬ټҹм߶ƹ١
ϰڰҹ߼ҲʹӳֵơԺԽİɫԽԶ֮ع˼˱ů㡣
㣿
Ժʱ˵ĶۿɼٶȽһ£޴롣
˿ڿˮү˵ܾҪѹѹ
棺˼ûܾء
ӵǼһظͷԸģʱԺѾ̨ܺӣǿҲ˲ʱѾ̰ɫ֭ȫʽζӣʳָ󶯡
߸˸Сβͻ
ƨƨ߱ȥʱƼȼֲ˼ؽ塱Ȼƺͬʱǲࡣ
ʣҪҪһѽ
Ҳ̧ƺе˼ϾЩȫ׼ģûеС
δţ˱У֪ǻǼ̫淴ӦʱѾ
Ͳ߶׼úܳ㣬ȫõķһ⣬һƬպнϣ֭˳ű£л鲻Խһ¡
ڴιԼֻǰιһ˲ͱԵˡ
qaq㡭
Լ֣ʳ̵˵һ⣬׼պʱǰӰһΣʲô˹ȥһգۣϵûˡ
ߴصĺСӰԼʳ裬ССڵҧʳ̵úܣƫƫϷſӻúʵ

ֻ֪èܲԼĶԡ
ƳĹĵգ¶ԼҲЦ
۰Ͱ͵С֣ܲ㣬վС
ʵڿָ̧Ƭ⣬õСмЦʱתͱݸ˼
СƨģذοС̫ŵ̸ԣ
ĸֱӵɵӰүԱߣ軨׷ǹ
ֻһϢƻգۿͰ˹ȥܿ죬Ҳ˿СҸðݣȫȻǰտƯӱ޳ʱĺ¡
ȫƺˣǾãԸӦòĶ
ֻİõţûԼĶԡǹܼҺţΪԼү˰ᡣ
İɣ
ǻƽϵˣǶŻһλȢСĬһ˲̧꣬Ը㡣
һƬļҲһݸ˫ԣ
Ŀк⾡ɢֱſڳ¡
δպκνϣУȴζ
Դ˿ֶö֮ΧܺãԼӦӲ|ȥؾٿꡣ
ҹһůƢůθƷʣڳһƫҲѧʡ
ؿڸ֮ĬĬ룬ǽСʳֻ̫࣬ϧСӣԹ۶ˡ
һ˶Ĭû֮£սʱ澱һͲ߾ˡ
ܼĬĬʳЦδ޵ʱλùţȥ԰ߡҹ䲻գҲз⡣
һָͣţóѽ
գۿֿ֮ԱͬȥԺߡ
ɫǳǹڣ԰бȹ˵µҪ֡
Ͼͣľ裬ʣЩҲǹܼҰæ֮˴Ĵ̣ƺĸۡҲ͸һ˿
һԲߣҲƵػΣģ
ұQƬ̲һҩأɬڽ׸͸㡣
ʻˣͲ󣬵ܶЩ
ллҪӹȴջأƺָϷ١
һ̵̫ˣϰ
軵ؾǲͷСżرQ˺ö²ֻǿ󲻵òĿת
עãֵ
ϲСȥ߶ҪѽǶÿġ
ԣ̧֣ڼͷһƫףº͵Ŀ⣬ѵá
ߣΪޱȡǰѻŮվԭϻúŶֵǳǳΣǺˡ
΢԰мƬ䣬ʱӯ䡣
⸱̫㱼䣬˼ҵĸо
ţҲе¶룬žǹܼүү˵ķްɡȻЩ۵ʱ򣬶˵岻׵ҲûйϵԺԼСͲˣãϲվһ
֮£úܺãȻڡ
΢㶣ţ
ɨһּۣǰߣˣǡ
ԭ˵ǲ¥Ǽ¡Դģţһү
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պ֪ϢСñӳһٺ󲻽ˣҪܴ˵ˡǿƯ˾ܾŰͰ͵عˣ˼òͣᡣ
Сǻʺʵ۾ټɽ˵׵ѡҲƫСıܣ֪űܾŭǲһȥ빬
ϣδǰ򷢡Ŀˣûʺε΢΢ս׻滨ľĴ
̫˱סᣬ˵ȫˡ
ֻƲұˣ˵̫ӵҲǰʱջڹö̫֮ӳ֣Ŀɾӣ
ʺɫڡ
ţ˸ԡ
ͼ֮κ˲񣬽бòʺ૵õ֣䡣
ĵȴ£ﶼͱһ·֮·ŭԿ
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ʺ˵ٳҲֻհ죬ţǶǳʱ֣ҲʱŻʧܣڹУᡭҲܳɹأ
΢΢ЦӵͷţΪذŪ㵱ϴ澣Ǹ΢ҲҶ㶯֡
˰οţаȴ֪Ϊһδ¶Цݡ
߳ᣣʺڽ䵭ȥΪβ飿ȻΪ֪²Ӧ
λʵ۷һĳпǰ⺦ǰ̫ӼҺ󣬻һʧʹޣȴڵڶվѸٷӦץסλ
ʵ۴̬ȣһ޲ó֮죬һȴƫƫΪԷԼѪֵܣһЩ΢ĵط
ϲϣҡ
ʵʥˣѪȫǸεħ

ܳԪڵ볯壬ʵ۲񣬹дСԽɻʺԵ֪ʱӺͲöѾˡ
ҹ溬ЦʺԹ
ΪѡԪڣʵĿ¶죬ʲôѵƫ֡
Ԫڣֳƹڣ䴫ǹŴ֮գĻڽεҪ֮Ҫü֮Ʒǡ
ʺЦ²ǳ˵Щ֮˴³ҰҲ޹ءѡǺúҴܵķ飬ɽ˽Щգѧϰ֮á
ʦ񣬱Ӧѧ֮³֮˲̵ܹõ㻯ǡ
ʵۺɨȴǾ񲻽˸˼˲ƮĶҹ
ѩƮҡѹʳǡǽع֮£ǼΪɫȴӲǱһѪͻȾɫ
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˫۱ܻռݣʧ񣬲游Ѿϵϸϸ˼Ѿʶڵأޣ֡
֮УƳʸοȴתۼһ죬ǻĻ˴Ӷ˳
ʵ͵ûʶ׵һۣͦ޳һ
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ʵ۸ٱ˵ʲôǶ͵ȥһֻ׵֡
һӷǰƫͷģүһԡ
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Сֲֺˡ
šһҲ⣬ģʱȥ˭ء
ָһߣʣǱ˭Һܾˡ
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˼£оӡʵǳסľֻǸܵĹˣſǰ˵ü仰أҲûʲôϵɣܡ
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̸֪ʲôܹ֪Լֱˣߺһɨյĸ浴󳤹ͬĿ⣬ʧǣ볭ˣ
ҡί˵ԼͬĶԹᵽŶԷּЦؿԼǵ浴󳤹ЦЦƫһ㿴ô࣬㣬֪ǲأ
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ʵƶʣ׻Ȱɣ֮ǲѣ󳤹Ʒֶ
˵˵ȥǷǼöӳ軵˳
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޷ޣǳԶеãҲԼȵϱ缸ͷ˲޹ʲô£վǰƨҷš
ȴ׻øɽüͷ΢תȷ֣£ñ³ͽһ
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ԪڣͬŮԴߣŹĵ貽
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มֹɩô˸ôֵĽĿ
аϣȺкã÷Χ׳Ʒ
׳ǶʮƥѪԼһѰõϡ
ʹߵ飬߾ֵ֮ǣѰʱʿѾʹùҪ׸£Ҫʿշǡ
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๫ӸԾԾԣʢ湦ٰʽ㼤
ձʿͷ׳˶һ̧һ˸о˻ΡǰɷˣȷʵǰѺýѪ
ҢһϳʱƳķ˫ƯգҲգעⷽӿɺ顣
һҪݹúüʶԼҪȾ˾ҪǴξ⣡
˼׼ҢȥģȻ󡰹һ󺰣νųʿȥ
ʿֿ꣬û̧һΰҢͷγҲ޷ٽһֽŲö޷Է
̫ˡʿʵʵ˵ɡ
ôЦֿ쿴ҢЦģϾʮ壬ٵúء
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ةว棬ʵڲԸô˵ԼҺӣѵ֪Լ¸˵Ǿ仰
Ң̵֪ˣҲ֪ɵԸ񵽵״Ӻѧ
Ң֮½߶ϳǲڵְ꣬ˣһʿ߹ʮУ۽жߣҲǲɾ䡣
зΧпɣֵ١֮˼⣬ǷҪΪѽ֡һʾⶼûУʵĥ͸
¡ʺӯӯһЦҲЩˣְֱɣҴܳҡ
ʵüͷ΢飬֪ʺʲô˼
ʿһϲ屻ľ˾˳ʤշӶΪ䣬Ǻ޳ʤΪӢۣ˾˶ƣ
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΢Ҫڣȴȡ
ҿԴүȥ𣿡
ŮѭȥεԴʵɰģ¾ͽв˿ֱۡ
ۿٱ飬˵ƯСŮһ
ʺЦһŮңܡ
ǣҲû˵ҲѽգգۣҾȥתת
𣬶С뷨ȥʲôأ
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ʵۺ̫ӵĿʱͬһӣͷ̾һ
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סʿһô
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˲ѽੲݵʹʹߣ
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Сڹ㣬̵ͣǾã֪ж˵Ҫԣ϶нҩ
Ŷԭתһ룬Ȼò԰֪⽣ҪԣǲǴĺأ
ʺüͷŭ𣬴ʱʵ͸˼̰֪Ҳģľ֣
һʺ޿ĳ
ǿЦ֣ںˣ˼ǽ׽أ㷴׽Ūǣѽʸ¡
һջؽʣȥ
ʱںһƻ֮˲վһ߷ɰһߴﹾ
ɲǼкЩٿվ𣬰γ˲ѻڵӭ泯˿ȥ
ʣһˮ͹̷
˶޸֮ĹŮӶӸѸٳϮȥ
֪δ˲䱻ûڿֻС
ľ͵߷ʣӭˡԾԣᵶͷҲصسȥһһͷ­أ˫ĿԲƲŵס
ʺۣס֣ѪԵɺסҪڹ˻³룬ȴ͵һ֪ľ͵档
һֻϸ֣Ů峺ɩģһᱣġ
Լ˱Ȧʺûƿڴ˭Ҫ㱣Լûһˣ
Ȼôһ޷ѣʺ󼱵ֱðǧҪ˵
ƫƫʲôʲôŮġСġɩҰ㡱а֮ĻʺȺܵ˾ƺʽšȵǰϮ޽Ƕյһ룡
ƺһѪŮصؿ˻еĽͽֲУҪˡ
𡭡仰ûü˵ʺͼ͵ذγʣһĵֱֱһѪۡ
ѽǴ˾綾ġʹ仰ʺҲֿܲ־壬һιȥˡ
лҪ˵Vл֧~~30ôô
ԤĸȤҲȥרղأ±
䶼
İһ
֮ϵŮ
֪ʱ˷
ǿʼշת࣬ҹ
İ
лŮװ
ಡԻǻţʱ׼λ
ҵҵذݽɫԭԸͱ¶֪
׼ʱŷ֡
䶼
#䶼#

027

ⳡͻĶ, Լ˵㡰ˡ츳ִǶѧЩգ׾鲻㣬ʱ򲻿ɱⱻ˽ӽձȥһСͷ, ˵ֱۡ
ֱ۵, ҪһƬڷضʱ, ɴ˫ۣһǲŵģ, ˮĽд̿ͶЩ˼
񡭡е㲻ȥһСͷʲôأ
ûλ̿һô, ʱ̹עⷽһ, ߿ǰˣӰϼִ, ˻˱С
̿͸ձˣરા͵ˣ˵ʲôһ, ĿѲŮȫ˼Ƿʲôˡ
СŮ˺һ, ԼϺڼͷһڷҵͷˡ
  
ȴͷԽԽ, ޲ˮʹļƣôʾοС
ԴԼÿһ˿ÿһƬÿնʮϤĵغǻ, ͿĨְĦ½ҲġվȻýȥһΣļˡ
˵ƽռеСһ漰㣬ʮܺӣǴ޺ô嶼岻õ֡
ҽ͢ƿȫʱͳʱ׻ľССͷ޵ģʲôӵˡ
ëһŲˣѹ죬ȥ̫ҽΪʺΣ
ˣϯпΪ谮ģҪǳˣСҪס
΢û˵Ϊͷ˶޵ôġһ˼ȽǶ˻ȥ
ͳ˲쿴ֵҵǣڳ󳼼Ҿ˵Ĳ࣬ʹӵĻȫˣ˵㾪Űˡߵļ˿ƺ֣ߵĵ·Ȼ顣
ôⳡɱƺ˲ѡ
ϸ˼֮£ʱƺ泣ʤս塣ĸ˭ҲʱӴܰգʤһŭֱ֮Сһ˿ڣʤţΪʤϲͽܺǺҲǲܡ
࣬ôͲ˼뵽ɱأ
֪ⲻԼܽ£ͳѺǼŵĴ̿ͣȥʵˡ
δʵ۰ڰֵѺ̫أ
̫˹Ϊ˺üС㣬лʵ۴Ϊû뵽ؼʱ̫ТϡȻżɵЩɵҲɵĺô
̫ӵ˹ȥɼλ̫ҽտͳһԥҲˣƺᡣ
ô£ʵ۾ȣôһСﻹأ
ͳ룺ѵῴôԾǳȥģҲΪ档
Ȼ֪һ˲ʵ۾굽˰棬֪̫˹סʲôҲ
ʶ漰أͳ캬ðɡ
ʵҲ뵽ʲôĿ΢΢˸ڵ˼ͳ졣
˺󳼣ʵȻ޵֪ʺҲ̻˹ȥԲðĲ²ⲻҿ϶ˡ
ǻʺ󡭡ֱӻ˰ɣԣĸ֮أ
һʱ䣬ʵĿⲻżɨһۻʺ󣬾ǻɡ
Ļûб̫ãһʱ󣬹Ѻ̿͵ĴδϢ̿˴룬ʣµҲ޷ٿ֮ˡ
Ƿ|ɱʵΪɱ
ʵ˲ͱˣΪʮȥƹܹ͢Сӣ˭˴أ
ʺ󡭡Ȼǻʺ
ⲽʵ۽겻ԻʺľŭҲܲ飡
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һĸĴ󳼷ʵԽԽ⣬޲ðѻʺҡžž˦⡣
ϦٹȾ͸ǽʱʺһۡ
һۣƼڴǰɫڳɭɭԼĻʵۡ
ɳڴ̿͸շĻʺһ˲žžǰһ⣬ˡ
̹ŮҴҸʺڴϣһλεָӡʱֱˣ˺һŷӦ־˳ȥ
ʵɫܸڣмʺְ
㣬ϾһʹǶģ϶һƤˡ
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ʵЦһ㲻֪ᵽμ˲ϣž֪ˡ
䣬ƵʱͻԹ⻭棬ûʺٿ𣬡ЩΪ˭ѵ²Ϊ˺μң
ѵΪ棿ʵ۵۱С޻֪ܲ㡣
ʺЦˣ˭СµΪλ̫ʱ˽ǰȻ˵仰ڴʱ
ס졪ʵԾסʺϲ죬Ŀ̽ܣöͷð
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ŭΣܳΪ㹴ɱɣ޵ĵܵܣ
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ʺȱסƬ̣̲סٴ˦һ⣬鸣˵ֻ㵱ûģ
ΣʵҲŭ˦ȥøǾ£
˾ڴϲʾضԴ⣬žžž쳹ý쿴ĹĬĬ˳ȥ
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ۺִ˴֮䱾ҡҡ׹θʣ޼ȫд
Ϊĵʱȴû鰸飬Ϊͷۣѵõͷۡ
રƺ꣬ˮͻʹļƣԼĪ˿һӺĪˡ
ޣĬ
Сʱüͷˣٿޡ
̫ҽžڱ߲쿴Ʊ͵б֮̽ɵҲ֮ܿãǾѡ
װͰ͵ŵô˸ãͣһ˲ɿȴǸӿ£㡢ңͷô࣬㻹ҡ
ʵҪؼҡ̫ˣҪҪҪء
һ߿һĨᣬӤһģСһģһԱСӲȰͬ͵͵

棺ү
˵ʱӦСүѶΪҪȥ䣬ΪҪѻʺȥɣΪôһͷ
ǳסӲǵż϶һʱɫŵš
˲๣Ѹһˣɫζȫ൱ˡ
ʣԲԣ
ֵһᣬǱһ֣ԡ
ûˡүι
ûˮҭţС⵨ǷˣôֵҪ
ģտ޹ļģ˶ãǲ콩Ӳһ䵭Щ
มԹӦһýЩ۰ͰͿŶԷȻſںһ
ϻᣬ⸱ҲҪԵģò˵мȺ̬֮µһڷò˵ллˮӳա
ûźˣιӲַҨ٣ҶҲ߲ܣź
ûʲôιʳһС˵ʵĸоۣͷƳȱһͷ
һ⡣
ڣ쳣ȣʱֹ˺ˮһαӿ
ӦôһԸȥѴ̿͵ͷȫˡ
ѵסûŴ죬һ
лҪ˵Եү߳
ǵģʵǵֿﰡǷû
棺л֯ʮµ
ͺͷ̿ͣҲҪӵ𣿣

028

ɷڵȥ˴, ޱõѼ̿͵ԴͺưĮޱȵذͷװдȥ
Щ£оŲƮѷ˼ĲʵС
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شεηؿȥ, ĵĥ˵ķӶࡣ巢֮ĸ, Ҳ, ˶ɲ, Ǽ˵ĿǶ
һѽг, , үˡ
ڳȥ;, ͣ˴ޣʱҲеŵȥϴ, û뵽ַ
аǰͷ, 𣿡
ҡҡͷʵʵ, ¿ɹԼˡ
һٰܴ̼ͷҲȫˡ
ףȻϲ, ΢΢ɵΪοģɼ֮ǰΡ
еεʵࡣ
вɶСȻ𾴣֮ǰΪλС棬ЩЦԷ֮£˭뵽ⲻ֪Ҫסүء
ԺҲҪѧϰܼң
ɫ룬ȷ˾䣬лл
áû˵Ĵ㣬ܾЩȥЪϢմظ
á
ⳡɱ䲢Իʵ۶Ҳ̣δǰкЩ󳼼׾춼˹Ϣȴʵ
Ŀͼ뿪һͷ꣬εⲻˡ
һսȥʮϸع۲Ȼ֣Ƿǻɫģͬܳһģһĺɫ
֪ƷΪڣҩˮڸǡ
ү˼ǡ
Уˮ֮ҲСʣ޼˰ɡ
ǣشε˵֮ǰ˴룬ʣµ⼸Ҳˣʡ
ǳһϸСĻȣҶ䲻޸͵컻ձµֻǼȥ顣
ˣүָҲǼˡ⣬ЩȻҲϲү˴ɱ
ϣǰߴֱŶĿƽִЩ뵡ͥҶ΢ɢȥ͸ŵɪ
Ǿ䡰ʱǴӻʵۿ³ҲȫǻʵʶѿڶλֻŵķӦⳡɱƺûйϵδز²ʲôȻôѸٵغǼ֡
αˡָδδճȭ֮ǰͽɿ
˷˾ֵǼ꣬ܵĴɱ٣֤ݳ֮ʱֱϵλ
ɱģֺαԥų
Ŀۣޱȡ
ʮ
***
󲿷ڵնû뿪ʹѾ֪ⳡɱǻʺΪҲֱӰ˷ߣȻ˴Ѳļƣ±˿һ顣
̫ҽе֪ܡˡ޵ϡﻩ˺ܸˣҲû˼ɳϾͶԶӵ˵ʺǵģС񲻾͵ùˣ
С˼û˵Ļ˽ӵ֪Ưϲģһ㰲źãҵ񻰶˵壬Ժϴ澣Ҫúôĥ
뵽ͽִж߱Ļ棬뵽ҲգسԼĳСʮּͨ㵸Ȼʲô
ŲҪᱻİ
ˣڸˣԴ͵𼤶»ӳ飬ϾûôǡΣʵʲô⣬պ⣬˾ˡ
ɼǲǵһ¡ʵҲˣȵԪ֮еĹǵֽš
ǲͬڼǱ˺ͼ岢޸ԱҺμһȰͬ˼ķӣһӵȼ|Ū
ԣηͷ治۵ףϾδЩˡ
ŵЩСĬĬᡣܺãԺҲȥЩʵˣٱôһΣҪ׶ƯĹӰˡ
۵׵ڹ˯齣ֻҪܹﵽҪĶ˯úʡ
¶ʱ֣Ųػ˰ŵ޵ʱһ˰ռẈ̂ܽСһֻӲǰڳ˺˵ļƣ޴齡
ҶѶϢϤͣٺδãԷ˹˵˱һһֱҲײĴ
һƳֱۣȻ齺ļϢڣ˾ֻơ
ٴΰ˻Ȼַɿ任˯ˣ˼˵֡
Գ˼ֱֻ۽ʵʵ˴ϡ
ȻС˯úܳ˯ãһмݻҪ˯ʱҲÿն͸졢ˮޱȵԭ
ԼλСͺƿºһҪĳ
ĳЩ棬ֱһޡӣޱȣżͷۡ
Լδʱ΢΢¶һЦ⣬ϱ쾲˯ȥˡ
ʱޱ׼ʱɨɱסļ˼»û⿪ϴֱ뿪ˡ
ųǽУѾظȻڳ˯Ը֮ˡ
ݼһ˹ǰžͻ𼱻ǵظ˹ȥһ·ϲ֪ٹ澃˺̲סüЦû顣
˼ֱɢͯӰزźá˭˵;ͲţǻϲЩÿοʱ۾ͷӵء
Źִ̿ͣˣ³ϵȴһ϶˻ݡȻˣôˣ
Сûü飬ֻ˾үѾ뿪ͼ˴ҽŮֱŶ롣
ҲǷ˺ҽŮӦû°ɣ
ȱ³һţȱڴϵƾ£æͣͶӣ˵겹˾䣬ǹңϴǲܼ
ݲݼίֲòʵʵ߶ԼŮȻϿŮ/ˣ
û뵽Ⱥá³еĵһ뷨֪˼иֵֹãʲôƤް֮ģֻûϵгһա
ֵı鿿ȿŮ˯÷˵Сһɣŷ֣ǰסֵĲƺΪ˲˿ڡ
һ죬³ΪԼֵֹ뷨աҲԣԤƣӦֻͬ齵ļ򵥹ϵ
СĽ⿪ֱ۱һһ㣬ֱһվͲƤһͣ
Թ̫ҽҽܰǸǶ˿ڰ³ۿһᣬҪ
ݸûвʸ񣬲ȻƴҲˡ³˼⣬ٵ»Ҫ̡
еС£ٶʹӣûϲȥģٲУҵò
¶ĺ³ϵͷҽŮͷٿ
ףڸУŮҲεģ³ϴҲΪİ
һƿɴһʱ΢顣
ˣ³ɻ
һ㣬˿ڡҪˡ
³̽ȥ㿴ԼĪָ׸ǴСĲˡ
˿Ӧǲ˵Ѫģһ㱡裬ϸ治׿
Цⲹ䣬ӦڸǶͨ磬̫ҽҽˡ
֮⣬ôôʵҪġ˭ȻԶ

һ΢ΣԴûȫѣԺƺԼ׵Ӱӣؽһ~
³ϵĻʱ˴룬ɻƣ˯ˣ
ǿ֧Ƥ۽޲ס˵һʱ޹ãȻ״̬˾䣬ôѽ
ô³ȻΪ˵ķṦΰˡ
˵ڹϴͷʿñ
ڴɱб˻ʺ
ˣϧӡ
³ÿ˵һ䣬͸Ųһ£۶ܾԲһСģͲûᡣ
ֱָָ׸ǴСˣˣ𣿡
ί˵ȻҪʵЩ
Сûôܹˣʱ򶥶ôһ飬ѪǵһΡʱǺһƬſˣȻҪ̫ҽһһ㡣
˵˻ãһ˵³ϾͻƾҪˡ
ԴŮȥ߸¡ȴסˣֳģһʹӴϱȥֱǰ
ܲˣץס˾ȥ̽СԴѾˣﲻҡ
³ЦһҲ㣬
Լĸмؿ£ĬĬƿ塣
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ջǱһ, ֳݼܹȭ³϶ֱ紺绯ᡣ
Ȼί󣬰׻ﲻԸ˵û˼, ؿ
ûĻ, ޱʵӦÿ˵ǱЦС
ԽԽ, С죬ү, һΪǸˡ
һֹʲôţ³ӣһι, ǲģ, е
ò˵Щǲܿ, ƩСǰڼУݼԶ³ϺݲҲƫŮ, ûŮԵı
˻û, ˣ³Ͼĸо治
ʵʵذιΪ̿ͷ˵, ڵĻͷȻͬҾүͦõġ
ֻⶼ̵͸Ż¡
³΢, ûϵΪŮЩɵ治ʲô
ûۡ޹ҡͷԼҲֻǿ˻ˣҲΪʵѹôʲô
³ˣȻ޵Ƴͥ⣬۸ơ֪ŮʱǸĺӣ͵ȥɵֶΪˣ³Ϊ紫ǰ׺ݱ֮ˡ
żֶιҲԵɡ
дЩ£³̾һŮԴһֱڼ㣬ϾѾˣʱշԸҪЩΣǷһ壬ǰҲҪ
³УԲ䣬ľѳۣһζܾʵ档֮ˣϣŮҲѧͬȶԴԷ
Ҷġ³Ƕѧ㣬Ϊڼ³綼Уһݲӡ
Ǽס㣬ԼںǷޣԼȻվǱ߶һڻʺǰЩػ
ŮЩ³Ϊοˡ
ܸˣ±飬̲ס۰Ͱ͵ԺŴ׸ɲԡ
С³ָ̻ޱ顣
˲ˣ̵Ҳ˵Ҽˣүͬҡ
÷ˡ
³Цһȥ˵㿴᲻ͬ⡣
޾һۣ׳׵
ͥ⣬ߵߵŵ䣬˼£Զˡ
Ҳ֪Ů֮²ǣλԣƽǡ
ݼԴסյöߣñ£Ժˣ㣬ԶٳԶ٣
มǿ֧ƤӦȻֳĳŵ
ҧ仹ûʼݼȱšŶ˳ȥȥʰ֣û
ร
ݼԻȥˡ
˹߰²ˣǶԴ󳼵ļҾ죬λЩһѡ
˲ǣûʺϲǹн֪£˵˸öеǣȻʺĴԣ³µĵˮ©̶һ磬ǾͶˡ
³ߵʹʱ˾䣬ð˴ܾ̿ͣˣֻϣҲ֪Ƿ񰲺á
ºＪ࣬ȻõúܡӣаԵ飬С˵һ£ĪҪˡ˵ºִ϶أЩ̫ҽȥˡ
¶֮ɫͷģҾˡ
ȥˣתͷ͸³ϣϾ˶֪˵ĪҪˡ仰ǡ·֪
ֹͷۺô붼úⳡɱѲ˸ϵ
³ϸɴཻо˻ʺʺҪȥֻ˵Լ農ٲãֱүܾǡ
ͷС;ܾˣһҲ¡
һˣʰҪ빬СӲԴһ£أ
Ҳͷһȥ𣿡
³˼䣬ȥ£ƽ£ʱˣ²ٻء
Цһʺ£߱ǡ
ֱӻ
ܼļٺǰһβͳӭǰȥүް
ԭȻԪߵˣΣ֮һֱͣҲǰ븸
¡ص󲹳䣬Ҳ¡ܼҷģתݲˣЦеԭ˫ףݴ˺ͷ롣
;УһԳ׾죬һеȺ򣬸λҲȥ
׾죿³ϴɻǰȥʯ·ֱͨ滨ľһӣ۲ѥľ˱п޽Ƿ˿΢߹ǳЦ˵ص
΢³ϲŵ
˾ˣľϲ
ӻͷ¶Цݣ򣬼ԡ
ӵ³΢³Ψһĵܵܣ³Ȩˡ³΢³ĺӣܶ˸һֱܺãδѪԵͬ衣
˭Ҳ벻濴³΢ʵǸҲᡢĺˡ
̣Ҳᣬ³Ҳʲôزֻ֪Ƿ
ݼ˾ˣһ˲˾˶Լĺ֣ɪվվ
ҲûõĶȥ³΢ϴλؼѾǰˣʱСûᣬ˾˾Цнѵֳģö֮ҲӰȻ³΢۰ҲǾηмӡ
ֶ㵽䲼ϣʶΪܺ;˾˶ԿҲֻװͰүˡ
³΢Ц΢ͣû뵽õŮģǣСЦˣĪҿǺô
Сϸۣ˸£ĵЦȲЦ¡
˺ܻ죬³΢洺Цݣǰ´˽ҴսʵھѾá³΢ݷ³㡣
ΪԴģ
³΢ЦЦ̧־Ҫüָն֪ģƺƳǰ˸򣬸ɵסˣ
³΢кɣٴζԱŮ֡ˣȷٶȻƣѼʵʵ
ôô³΢룬⻭ôôСжĸ
ΪգգۣԾ˾¶žѵЦ³΢׽һ
³΢Цүʱں⣬˾δܼʱյϢҲûܹ񣬽
һ̧֣ע⵽Ժв֪ʱ˴ССӣú첼ڸǡָ֮£첼һһƿʱ䣬˶ⱦϹۡ
ʲô鱦޳жС˼һɸߵѪɺٿǱȸӵҪҹ飬ٳɴ
ܼҼ𵱳ױʱܹĳĬĬһˣƷζһģһ
Ե澿³΢ݼһ˵Ŀ̲һˣû뵽Ҽҵ˷ܼ˵ǸС̻
³΢һʱ˳˵ƣϲ𣿡
ϲۿž˾ˣģޱȣлл˾ˡ
һڵĺ룬³΢Цǣ
Ųȴһסƽһ·糾ȥϴ
ʾȹգŮɻƳȾϵĻҳûɿ˵˾䣬˾ˣȥϴܿͻء
ۿԼСһ㣬תۼʧˣһĻᶼû
ô̵ʱͰѼϰ治ǹ
³΢Ҳάֲסˣֱֱ
治ɫҲͦ޹ģȻܿصҲϴλȺܼϸд

ĿȥӰܾﲻԣ


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, ܺ𣿡У³΢ңɫʵ
Ϊôʣ
³΢˼ʵ, ʱĹ, Ҳڳ
³ݲȵ, ³΢ЦЦյһһ, صǡΪվȥսʿ֡Ϊȥ˻ʺ
˵ʺ, ³΢Ц, ȻԼ˽⣬Ҳʺǹⱻ, Ͼ˼ұúõر̹澱š
ôУݲݼԲûǺô
ⲻص, صڡ
ôϲװͰ͵˰ݲ˳һϸ׵ı˺ͷߺޡ
֪ʲôԻ, ɢԸΪô࣡
³Ϸ˸ۣ⸸, ƫ׵΢СˣǱϾһ壬ʺΪ, Ҳ֡
³΢һû뵽㣬Σ̾һȷˣ˰
кŵָ꣬Ħһˮ̣ʶںδܿͷ
³΢ĲһҪ³󣬳ĺ̽ѣΨ١۰ŮҲʮΣٿȻͷѾˣһΪˣȻ
³УҲˣ˴λǲҪǳɼ֮£㿴λǴһصĺ֪Ҳá
Ȼֻ꣬³϶ܻܵδɼҵͺĸһżòˡ
³΢һҶ㲻֪Ϊλڹ𣿡
һۣ³ϻϵţΪأ
Ϊ峯еĹ磬Աδѵúϣʶһӣ볤ʶȥˡ³ϵ
ӵͽ˽𣿡
ָʲô
ȻĹϵ͡үҰġ³΢˵ָߵ΢졣
ݲ˷޷֮ɫһöȥ΢ʲô˼
³΢Ҫˮˣ⻻ˣȻʱ̫ӱֳӦ֪
̫ӾžޣƷϼѣѾ˲ٳӵ϶ΪιϧлճȻʻģΪһҪ̫ӣҲǸΪϵλ
󲿷ֳͬ˾٣Ȼʲò󣬱׮Ұ³΢ƮƮʧ𣬸֮һ棬ȥһЩסƫԶĹʱ̫֮ĸǺĸ壬ʳǼҲһ֮Ⱦ¡
ÿ㣬˶ͻȻΪЩᶼһɵɺ𣿡
³üͷ壬֮ǰûô࣬û뵽˲ңֲӣûѾܲˡ
³΢ѹɵģżȻȥĮ֮ʣÿ궼дݺͽǱȥ
ͼ󣬰ҪıǡֻǱھǲûطأһѰ˻ȥǡͲ̫ƽˡ
һݲ޺ݼѾɫ³ʣǰ΢㽫Щʲô
ҵ⣬αʡ³΢΢΢ף²ģǰٹ򣬼үʲô಻ӡ
ұ³΢˼ܺҲãǴԶЩٻء룬ڣǶҲܲͬ
˵ײ³̾Ѿõĵǳ棬ûʲôµˡ
˼ɡ³ϵ䲻󣬵ѼǣΪޣԼ⡣
³ϵ˼ȫƾԼô
ݼ΢תʱ䣬ԼĪСʱƼѾݼѰ˸ߣ͵͵ȥԺ
СȻΪŽݣʱڶèСϵװͰ͵ؽУҲ˳ȹȥ
СҲ˰ݼԾϲȥߣһѣèض㿪
еʧίûĵèǰԣұء
ֻ޲ûϵ
ݼȻתͷڼǰ֣صãҪ˵һ¡
ţҲ䲻һ£ģʮ
֪Ҫ|𣿡СĶʣ´̼á
ϼɵ֪ۣô
֪лǻʲôأɱ˵ۺ󣬻ѻʺһҸˣѪɺӣ൱£Ȼôᱻ˳Ϊ
λˣϧûһ׽ģǰὨ˶ûˡ
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βʵǣЩʱ򶼡ˣ
ݼҭ£𾪵ô֪ģ
飬ѽ
Լֳιһ۽΢ĵү֣ҲǱ¹ϵܼ˵үǰ滹ܹܶδɱ϶Ǳɵġ
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ݼԣ˵úеȫܷ
ǿ߼ݼԸæʣô㣿ǲǸøϽ취ˣ
ʶһҧ۽̵ζڿ|ɢ̣ΪʲôҪ룿
ȻΪݼ|㲻õ𣿻Σգ˵Ҫ롣ҲһܳɹǰܶӣҪʲôʲôʱ˺ͰӺʲôĶȱһɣڵλȹ̣Ҫɹ϶ҪЩ꣬պպĵĶԲ
˵ݼԼᣬƺѾôҵ
Ҳ˵ģе
ǰǰɡݼԼӣǳɻҲãҸûᡭ
ҪҲ밡
Ϊʲôݼʵڲ⣬ʧؿá
ҾãүһͦġͣȻ࣬úƣһദ˼գͻúܷɡ
ټǶûие˵ѹȥżһĶ
ү˼ٱøˣһǾãĻˣԻ̫̺ôá
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ʶգ۾΢΢ת˵ĻͺСۺûһ㣬ֻ̿δİˣȴ˼򵥵ԭүΪֻԼţγһѵõĴ
ү˵Ҳһˡ
˵ôʵƲүҪ졢ǡ򵥴ֱ
ݼҲܴͷǵǣ˾˵ЩҲҪ|Ӧõġ
ѷ³΢Ļظ˱飬Ȼԭ
˵ЩҾҲӦ׼Ȼ
ţʲô
¶İ㣬ҪӾүɹѽҾͲõ룬Բˣ
ôУݼ̵õĻԼãиʳ֬ˮۣö٣ǵʡүҲ죬õģҪ
⻰պܲʵֲ˵˺ܸˣã
ǵȻݼͦأߣ˰Դð統ȻҪ㡣
һĸ̥ͬݼ˵̥ʱѾ˹
С˲䣬ޱȡ
һԺ졢ɹӣΪΪʺΣҪԺƯġϡζʳѡҸޱȣ
ݼ̵Ժ˹ү˭ҲܱҶˣһҪȥԺת͵ͬ涷Сʳ
ûֳСΣĬĬܵģԻ㡣
Ǹ߿ˡ
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³̵ڳɻһĵ, ҪŮѭĵ£Ҳ֧Ů뾭ѵ֮䣬ܻ̹ϡ֣˴ϲٺòܣҲҪҸ㿴ˡദҲ, ֻҪԷǴ֮, ˹ͬȹ, Ҳ
ڼԣˡ
ĵ֮Ψм, ҲδԶ˴ڼУȻ, ĵֲִɼ, ޱҪദ˽Ҳʹ˺뷨
ǳԤ׵, Ĵ룬һһɽǰ·
ֳĶԻܿ촫Ƕ, ź󣬵ްЦԷǵθ, ֻǳĬá
졢ʱȷɱ, ³΢Ҳҹ뵽֣ǵɱҲܿ쵭ˡ
ճദ, дĴֹһˣܹһٶͼȻΪ˼򵥶̹ϣżСҲͯ㣬ıҪȻɡ
ݼһϯȴ鲻Խ뵽Ȼֳ֣˼˼ֱӣλô¡
ĮҲɻһ󼫵ĽĽ˶İĽܹЩջ󣬽רעԼһСؿ֡
˿ɵǸ
ҹ޷磬ǹ΢ң̤֦ȥԺϷӴ˴
ˮʣϷ©Զ˻֣үү
һȥʲô
СϷ˶Ĵζòˣưǰϲľˣϲ滨𣬵һξͺȵЦǶȭءֻôȶأԼ͵͵ȥһڣֱ˾ͰԱߣѽǶˡ
΢˺þãΪɳƵʣ󱦺Ͷ˭
Ǵ󱦶ϷֵƱȻģǳÿɺÿˣ۾߸ߵıӣҲǸ߸ߵģñȴ󱦻ء
űţϷ˲֪Ϊʲôƺʲô棬ɻ
ʣģҿԿ𣿡
ǰĶءϷڤ˼룬ľͰˮҲˡ
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ȴԼǵԼֳһĸǰлϥµĳ
ֳԸãֹۣԼĻʺϵͶǴСóƣԸҲܱŤ׽ˣֳԶŪΪ֣ʱ߳ŭ
ǽκ˶ҪĶֵ֮Ļ棬תȴһ档
ϵʱ۵ֻӳܻ棬šŭʹҪȴסһΣٶʱһƬԫڵʬأЩΪҽ
ҵֳʬף̫ӵһǰꡢѻŭΡ
䣬Ϸȴգۼ˷۵Ļ⡣ģ벻ͨ´ԻԶǸֵСˡ
үүƯʲôʱϷ˳䣬ΣöĶСͿÿ֬
ܿͻº͵ػ˶ֵƯ㡣
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˯֪ʱȻ룬ѼһؿеãȻģ
˳ְıһɨֽţ֪ʣдʲô
Ҹ˵ļҲ˼¾ûʲô˵ģһһдĻҪһĩ˲޽ǲǺܸԣ
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ˣ³΢Σʶɢ£ͺչ˲٣Ȼزʼעǲܵġ
Ҳֻ֪³⼸ھǷչòѣģ³΢ͶϸһЩҲ벻
գۣЩԥ·֪ô˵Ը⵹Ǻѵõˡ
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ʵû֡ġľʵֻҪ뵽ôȥʹ뵽ĿǰЩȥԺЩԲŵĵգ;úܻ㡣
ʲôɣΰú͸Է˼
ĿֵȻڼ˼ʱԼд֡
һЩ̵ӣҲ⣬үЩӹȥҾӪźòã
ĸǶӦ˰æͷҲ̧
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Умãˣײ๵Ŀ⣬ǿӦðɡ
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š͸ϸƺҲˣúô
á䲻ԣŵǲһζ׷ʡ
ްɡ
һ£һӣ˲˴齡
ˣ˸Ƿ洽ٱԼССС˾䣬˯ˡ
š
ҹ΢΢̶йɵ˰ߡ
оΥһưΡ
ֳ꣬һͬΣһ˼ҴŶŮ档
ǻ˼ҵС֪뵽ʲôͻȻ۵һͿˣô嶼岻סԼСȾҪܣæסˡ
ʮ޴룬ֳЦȥСԥȥˣߵԽСԲ˫۾Խ̿֡
ʱСֹͣˣҲҪ˱վǰŬСɰĶǸ⡢Сӡӡ顢СߡɢɢһأʣͣЩ㣬㲻Ҫߣòã
ô˵ֻ˵һ֣Ȼ󲻵òѡ˿Ǹ⡣ 
лҪ˵ߺ󣬵ڶ

032

̿͵ĵ, ʵ۰ڳŭ̬֮в岻ݵļơѾ鵽մ̿޼󲿷ֶǾαװĴˡ
۾ܿǾǳȥģܺгɱġϸϸһ, 治٣
׮ۿƲ, ˵û, ʺȴǴ˾ǡ
ʺʵ۶Դֻһհ, ãͷ۵ú, ̫ӾǰQ, ĸû¾ͺãüΡ
ʺЦһΪûʲô, 鷴֡
̫Ӻ⣬ĸĪͷβ, 򸾼вģȻ֪, ĸҲͲҪټƽϡ
Ȱգ֧֧, ֵĸ֪𣬵ݹáȵ㣬Ϊ˾, ˣӣ
ʺĵƨҪܻøãôܻ⸱ģ
̫Ӳ֪ĸ֮ǰ뷣ƽϣôϵ˶
˵˴͵ؽһŴȥѻʺŵͣĸ˵Ǹл
л޲ɱʺԴϷΣҲֹסԡ
̫ӼģеˣСȻĸϲ壬ǻ壬ӦֿӦ
ֹǸĸӲҪָ飬ڶˡ
ۼԼ״̬ѣ̫ӻһĵ˶ʺҪըôô鳣ɵˣῴɫҪΨһһӣתͷ
ƽʺǺ۰̫ӵģҲֱֻˣҲ˰֣˴͵ҲˣԶЩĸͷ
ôУȻҪͲǣ̫һڶ»ĻĸѵõĻᰡ룬˶֪ʺͻϵã㲻ǰӣСⲻĸݴô
ʲô߰ĵǻʺߵǾˣҲ̫˵֣ᡣ
ʺ󣺡˵ôأ
Ȼöȥĸӡ̫˳Ҷˣնڸʱȥá
ⶼѾźˡ
ʺŭҲʵΪԼ壬ȥɣҺúлл
˿ûʺҧгݣ̫쳣˷ܵİȶֱ˴ӰӻҪ죬ʱӲ˻
ʺ˻ͷֻۣ˸ߣҩϷε⺢ôһ㶼أ
֪̫ӣȰοФأ񲻸á
øƨʺٶȱ֣ɵҡͷȲңҲ¡
ʵۺôôĺݣ̫أǰ׺ǿģʵȱһūŶԥԥ
̫ǰ㲻̫ӷǴ̫ҲԹϲλ壬񣬵ΣûɱġдԳ֪˺ܣټǰȥԮ
ƣʺ󶼲֪ԼǸø˻Ǹơ
ԣĳַ˵ʵҲͻʵۺˣһֹ֡
ʺ˻ʵӣ˼εŻȥʸܷ߾˻ؾ
嶶£ǿǸɱ˲գ۵Ҳɽη壬ǡ
̫Ǹû˽̵ˡʺ˵žġ
***
˿֪Լѽٵֵ̫ߵ߶ȥǰ΢һ£С˳ǲΣ
ǡӦҲʲôݹѾǵˡ
̫Ц΢ͣһţ죬ѵ²֪
С˳Ŷһֹ֪Щ˶ֲġ
Ը̫ưؿŸǰӭĹܼң֪ʣСڣ
̫ӵ£үȥˣˣܼ͡Ҳ
ΪĸСҲˡ̫Ӹп´˴ǴĸǰСлǲȥͨһ·ɡ
⡭ܼԥ£̽Ůڶ࡭
̫⣬컯գڶ࣬кοµģҪӣʱȵžǣ·
̫ǸԵģܼ޴ӾֻܾͬԸƵߡ
̫ӶΪİηü٣û뵽кƷζӲĻ壬оɫȻ֮
ֻϧЩطάݣѾԳư֮ɫ
ţ̫̲סʣʳ⣬һٺ»٣
̫Ӿֻ⣬ܼұĵС£һ߲òϹ˸ŵ֣ԼĪǧҰɡ
ô٣̫𾪣һǧƽ΢ЩĹ涼ֹЩ
û뵽ΪһȻֻôٺ»
һ˵зصүԵĶѰٺ»ҪصĹҲῪ֮š̫˽⣬ǷĮƶúܣܹʲôĸͻϵã񸮿϶Ҳա
̫ˡ̫̲ס룬Ȼƽʱᣬ뵽Էݸۡò;áˬ
ƽնԼǴֲãԭƽô࣬ã
ݹµ˶ԴöȶҪϸôôܲܽйԼױɡ˼ˣ̫мͬ԰
ǸݹͲֿ˰Ūˡ
̫ҡͷȥӭǡˣһеǹﻹмϤ
˼ȥ
һûֱתߣ㷲ô̫أ
̽ݼһǾԲطġ
¿ɺãʵΣ˲Ĺˡ
ǿ򶨣ӭ̫ӵĿߣ񣬡Ů̫ӵ¡
Ǹ̫ӳɿڣôоЩ죿
ǵԼǰʱ仹ں̫Ӵûȵã
òѰ˶֮˾졣
̫ף֮
ֻǫã
ѪԼһʱƽ˾̫ܲӳϸϵԶԶģûһǡ
ˣŽߵĿգû̲סЩ㱣иǰ͵͵һǰµĳڶŨʱ̫ʵǼõģԸԳΪɰҲܿ죬Ե˻ʼһ档
ݡ׾죿̫Ŀ׽֣СΣ
ޱ飬ܺãŸСһء
ôҩ˼Ȼ̫ȫǾͺãʱء
̫ô㲻˼һȥ̽ˣߵôʲô͹һȥɡ
Ҳȥ㿹ܣǵֲ̫ӵһ仰˾ԷֻԺ
Ȳţ̫ӳԺõٻӰ˫þ
Żǽͷժӣǰ̽ĸǣǿЩɣΣհ
ҲͦΣգѧ˵㹦£ǻ̫Сˣȥ
С쳣ִԼģ˭סҪԼժӸ̫̳ԣ
Ƭ̣Ҫץҡ
ţҲһ棬ֺСֽץסޡ
ãһֱֻΪͣǼ֣ⷢôӲӵӾҪûˡ
ܼҴǽ£׼ʱˣȻǣҲûһζԡ
һҲСҵմСʲôԣǳӭѾˣҲҪȥؽʵͻ
̫ԺУֻü˺£ЦмֱĻҪˡ
һζ̾Ϣ˾Լ
ճʱǽͻ⣬СȲСĲ̤þһҪקסһ׹
̫Ӽ״ѵ÷ʮֹ˷Ӧ֮ǰһ粽˾͵Χǽ£ͼסˡ
ûֻۼֿסɣ˲˦ӣƳԼиӰСֱ˦˹ȥ
һֶգɲɵһƨ̫Դϣ˫ֻŽסͷ̫졣
˾ʮֺ£ò֮۵һ˳
ͬʱ̫ǰغһȣʪĸо֮һԤС
ͷȥȻˡ
лҪ˵ҾȻô࡭رԼж

033

Ӻ
ɰСϴ˶, ʱڿȻˣ´Ͳˣ
뵽ǰôһ󣬻߷߲ѣСԴڰӻﲻϳ, ؽ϶ҪƲˡ
Сο, Сڲ, Ҫģû˻Ц
Ҳ, ûû£, ﲻġ
ôϡﻩ˳ҭҭ, ¶˫еŵ, ʣ𣿡
ȻģСѾͷģȵҲűò˵˰ڵԳš
ڰ, ½ԥԥ̽Դڰ, 㡭
ǡ̫Ҳϣ̴, Сǡ
һ룬ƳӰ, ̫ӲֹסƣץΪһּΪֵ鳶Цǹֿɰġ
һ±Ƶر൱Ʊţߣ˰ԴǸӰɣôˣ˵Ҳûһ硣

ڻУδ˾С˷ӣʮֿܵؽţ㣬㣬Ҫ㡣
һ̫ӣĿޱȡ
̫ӽЦЦǵƽʱģһλǰı֣ã˰ɡ
ʹ̫СԵغæܵߣ۰Ͱ͵ͼ󱧡
СֶջСͿɹۣûڻ˵С飬˼һ˲һλסСᱧ
С¶顣
㡢㡭һȻ֪ںδ״̬Ҹüðݡ
̫ӺӦĿʾ˼ĽҲټʮ꣬һ
㱧ȶСعۣʮֹɣһĶ
Ҳ֪Ū˽Ҫ۵ġ
̧Դ˱ʾν
С֪ƿɺã̫ӱŤƺĸҴΪ̽Сܲĸ󣬸ĸʮָм
񵥣̫ӵ˵С֮ǰƲСҪʲôҩֻ̲ܶǡ
áòлл
̫ӵĲϡﻩһأ֪ģݹǵԼ
Լǵóݹʱһȹʩ죬üĿѾµ˼飬ӻƮҡ·һ˲䣬̫ʲô࣬ҵȻԼںδҪ
ţʶ˲Ծ̴̫Ӽֲ֣ܼڣҶԡ
򴽱ͷڼԴĲͬʱȻͬ޸飬Լ಻ʣ̫ӡ
̫òݡŻϼѵĹӣֺγĴˡ
ɬƳƺ˵ע飬أðһŭ
֮õģȴݼģΪ䱦ģݼֻѰ
ˣƫòһΣβĻ᣿
һ̣ʣΪǰҲΪ
ݼʲôˣôȻѵһ
ò볶ǰطغ֡
϶Ҫıǰûгɹö֪ҲƾһЩӱ
Ƴһʧǵ̫ӣ˸̫ԣִ˻Ϸһٶȸǡ
̫ӵ¡ܼЦӭү֪̫ӵ´ݹ٣ʱظţ˳ա
̫Ӿֻ֣Ǵĸ̽ѣͷ壬͡
ĪҪܼҴЦ̫ޱȣү·ˣūŵҪϸź̫ӡ
ͻһŸ£͵󱻻סᷣ£̫Ѿ
ӰΪ¶ģʹʹܶ࿴ݹ
̫ӵˣ±ٲҪڻ帮е㼸ˡ
¾ܷԸ
һţ̫һһҪʳġҩ⿵Ĳȣһ򶼲٣ĵļǧ
ܼЦⲻ䣬·ģʱһá
̫ӲĿǴӰɣʵûӵĻô㣬ϾݹأܲһԿࡣ
ƽտ󣬼֮ҪԼոֻҲ㲻϶ࡣ̫Եصˣݳޡ
ź治ɫһҲҪ١
Ӧ̫ͬӣûүʲôءҪǣʱ˾Ȼ˭᣿
ÿæµʱ䣬ʱ
ְûʲôܲסʵ۵һ͸׷ʣһԲϰʲôȥˡÿճ飬治ĲߣڹȻʧ١
̫Ӻڣ븮彣ʡ
̫ӵСӡܼôʣè
èɫŹֻ֣װͰ͵èɣλӳСӼˣ˭Ҳϡ
̫ӵȷڶСӣ糣룬Ҳʮ̶ֲܴһڣ۾ͶצۣƤδ
˵裬̫ӰûԽֻèԽϡ棬ݹèƢҲڲͬ
ҪСӻĵ̫óʮֽҪߣȥץʱ
˲˼£̫飬ָǹŮϲģˡ
ףߵɨ̫һ飬ʧǰ
ȭŵִ֮ǰ̫ʮµ뷨ѵĻҲδ˵Ѹȥ᷿
̫ӴʲôӰ
ܼҽлһһͣ£ǰѱ̫ԣѽ͸үūѾս˿ⷿ
ʵʹ͵ĶãԭⲻطŽⷿ
ǰѽȷʵ𱦽ѪķâãӦΪãȥԺ
ǡܼоδ档
ԺسŹܼո֮£ʣΣ
ʲôܼ˼ãڳİʾףүʵĲΡΣ֪̫ӺΡ
үڶùЩˣ
ܼסĿϲնڴСժӣ̫ӵ´ʺ̽Ƭֻ˵˼޹ؽҪĻ
״ǿȥ̫ӵһ㶼졣
ԣֿһܼңֻ֪Լλժǳû˶ѣܼΪЩ
û뵽һ׷֮ˣֻƽص˵ͷ
ƽڳܼҿԵο
ͬʱү˿̱ضָˡѵֿԼĪģգҲѹ֣Сǰӻôɰ˭ֵܵסء
үΪصúܺãÿնƽƽģⲻ֪ϲָزסЩ˺׾ܿˡ
Ŵص飬ܼĪضһۣΪӦүһѣȻȵүǿɵúˡ
СϷǶӻͱӭһѱŪסˡ
ϵѽǹǰѣʱȥЩ¾ɣʸΪǶһϺõ
ܼҵү˵ӦõģȥҪ˹
ү˵ϲƯĶ⣿Ļ⡣
Ѿˡգۣû뵽ȫ߸֪
ʣүܺô
ܼһЦڣүÿ鶼ܺá
ԴԣѽĿǰΪϲʸС
еİӼˣһ飬ѷܼҵĽͳ˱顣
Ӳɸ̾ôүĲ
ܼǶ̫ӣǹǿ򸸻ҪģΪ˻һȭأ
лҪ˵Ȼ

034

̫Ӳҵܼҡ⡱Ļ, ʱĹĵǶţԵζȣʳȴζͬ
ܶСƬ̧̣ľǼз˼Ƕзģ, ɾд, ֻʳ
ɰ̫ĵ, ĿֹסطƮ
ззһСƬ, зȴϲܾζ̫ءм, ûú, ȻȻ
ذз֮Ĳλӹ˳ѷŲµзȵ, ˾ֹ¶ǺȻʹ̫ӵСࡣ
ԽŰԽҪĿԹ
ôе䡣ֵ˾, Ĭһڣůůɢǵ΢ĺ, üллү
ˡ
ҿ, Ȼȥ룬󣬡, ҲҪȡ
ҪϰԽӹ;Ȼһ٣ѳˣԼʢ
ԣ˫Բе谮ԼĶܾԼҲûίֻת£ԼʢһС룬ʱ߻ֵֹЦ
̫ӡ̫Ϊ⻭ʱ䲻ôһʶӦڡ
ٸν̵ģ
ֶϵѣ̫Ӿ˼ʵԼ±ѡ
ףΪӰ֮ʳ㲻Ҫ˷ˡ
֮⣺㶼ҪԵ˷ѵĻԸ
ѵûԼе˵ô໰̫Ҳûең亹һзɨӡ
֪ˣαҪΪܼҵôһ
ѵ̫ӣĿⲻɴ˳˼˼ԼǷҪʵ١ʳ̫ӡ
Ƴ˼ͷҲ̧ƽһǣؾ
˵ˣӦһûٶ룬
һͣ磬ֻʣ̫ӻŬʱΪô˵
ΪСԴԴϵسʲˣûһ̫࣬׿㡣
Ŀ޵ϡﻩҲûã³أֻΪ˶̫һڿڳǼֵǧĲȡ
̫ͬһĿС뿪Ӱĵү˵ˣе³ԶãֻҪȫˣϼҲδɡ
޷Ƴһۣ̫ߵ֪ˣ
ȻˣƽϲЩʳֻ̫оʯθ
ͣЪãٶ̧꣬ʱȻͬ˼ˡ

ľި֮ͬģУȿɼľʢֿҶ
ǹ;֮ˣͬʱ鶼ɱỺˡ
ͣȻãõ֮Զ澶ɻ߲
Ψ˼Ƭ̣û졣
ϵ׺۹ʵͷʧţû͸
ٹһ±á˵˾䣬ġ
ڵļ½ɣͬȴÿĹʵԶ丯á˲ǲժǲҡ
ҺүĸһЩ͹ˣô࣬ʣµľͷָܼǡ
áݸ
뵽ȻǸ˵ģһʱ˳ǣллү
ΥȸгУ˻һӵůٶӿļ䡣
ʵ۴µ׮£ûǰ㡣
л¹磬ǰá
磿תݸҲ鷳֮رҪͬᡢʫᡢᡣ
뵽ѣ䲻ϲƯƯȥѹȺ£ǿżεġ
***
ʮ³ʮйȻ־磬ǰһĴɱ׷鵱УʺųϢҪɽͳѡ
ȥѡΪҪΪɽѡ档
£˾֮࿪ʼ
ɽǺݣĸ岻ԣǸƷС֮Ů˵ʱлۣҪߣʥԵλ
л븣ɽ֮ĸϵܣʱΪӵĻʵ۱㼸ִó󡣺ߵ¶Ըɽ谮ޱȣǵڣżŮŹأļλСйĴ
ԣɽΪ飬Ī֮ܵ
ɽһѣƷ£Ӧⷣ꣬ǰȥѰգ֮Ϊ飬¾͵ˡ
ֻһСɼɽڵеĵλ
˶֪᲻Ϊλѡû뵽ͻȻʼνǲĶ
ʺΪɽϴױһǳ۹ȹλİ׷ԼˣҡһһЦ顣
ʺЦ֪ɽ磬ĪҪɬˡģӵֹֻܶԶԶһۣҲϲ澲Ż俿
ɽ΢΢ҧüΪԼǵĻɩû˵ʲô
ʺ뿪ŮʣҲǡ˼ô
Ů飬ڸɽֵĿ̾£ū⼸աδ뿪
ɽˣ߰ա
ŲտЩڿżʱʶŻٶȣһС
Ƴϣɽһֱ΢˫౻԰ʮɫȾɫʡ԰˿һڹŮӵУЦ̣֡
ů⣬֪ԳԸʲôѡ磬ȫΪѡ
Ƕȴܵӡ
ô󲿷˻δע⵽ԼɽѰ˸Ƨ֮ȥǶֻһͬԼ˵Щʲô
ߵýˣɽŷϴβſ˴˸棬λ׵ΣױޱˣƯˣޱǶĵҲδܱȹľɫ
ɽٴĵλСɩɩ£ʵǸˡ
ɩɽˡ
ҡҡͷɽ԰ʱѾһͷĳޣȤѰ徲ĵطЩġ
ӡֱȥ
ӽӹָСôܲǳţūֲôԶ֡
գգۣиͬԭ򣬲׼ԼСѾͷ
ɩŮϵáɽ˻һͬİɡ
š¶СУӤЩǺ޼
áɽ᲻ţиҲˣΪ
أɫʶȤû׷ʣȥһǣҪ𣿡
ţɽ΢ЦЦӹбһŨޱȣֱļ䡣
жûζˣɽ룬ˣõʲôǿġ
ҹḧָⷢ
Ĭ˻Ƭ̰ףɽȻʣɩ»鲻ãоΣ֮ˣĪҪţʵʡǸĵ׺ˡ
ţΪͻȻĻе֡
ɽͣʱһģ˭۸ĸҪ˴򱧲ƽ
˵ţɽЦֱҪ곤ʱ㱻ײȥæء
£ʶָĶǵ¡
û뵽ͱĹϵֵ
ҲǣûУһֱүܺá
үû׹ңҲϸŵ㣬٣ǶӦңҲûкĮѽ
˵ɽٶ΢Цá
ԵΪ˸еģãȢɩķˡ
ɽɩٺҶ˵ЩδˣҲЩûٺͻ˵ˡ
ðûʲôɲӦģٶ˵
ǶѼ˽ʱдѰˣʮֽš
һλϹϵĹŮԼⳡᡰ桱תͷڽ͵͵һȥѰ̫ӡ
Ѱ̫ȴôģ˵ģȷΪ棿ᡭ
ûͷĿȷޱȡ
Ȼ仯תתҲˣһЩȶȻᰴǰĹ켣ת
ƩΪɽѡⳡᣬǳɱӦûУǷˣƶԼһЩ²⣬Ϊ˼ѡ
ռ˲Ȼġ
·ģǸڲƭ㡣
̫ӺɿȻǲŻʲôλµĻŭʧ̬ôһҲûʲôһͱץסСأ
뵽ץסԼһֱ̬İѱ̫ӻеС
СȥȻҶ̫˵ǰ˽ࡣ
Ϊλڸɽѡŭʧ̬ȻΪɽⳡⲻ״ңѶȥһŭֱ֮Ӱνնɱ˺üλӵܡ
ȻҲ֪ΪɱǼλģȻǱŰĴʡ
лҪ˵簲~

035

ﲻ, Աȸɽ̸
˽Уøɽʱǵʱ⣬ڣں
ĶȻ, Բ׶
ɽǵ, ǰǸҹ, ߣżҴҵ֡׽ֳ, ɽ΢ȴԹʵ, 
ֻ½Ų, в̫ƽ, ĸţǰΪ㡣
ɽим, ܾŮ, ̷ϥ¡
šüΣˡ
Ǹʱ, ǷѾʶʲô 
λֻھǣֵܼҲɢ, ΨжΪʣֱ˾С
Щɽʵ֪
䴽ɩͻ֣ܰ䣬֮ϡ
һǿǿӦޣûʲô֮ϵ˵˵򸾼䲻ҪǨ͡
ȻǨүܶࡣ
ʶ뷨ɽȻƬ̣Цϲɩӡ
䲻ףΪ˿ǵˣӰԼҲر
ɽᣬǳЦʱΣ⽿߶ˡòСŮ飬üۼԴ¶ļȲϵġ
֪λ׺ߣýӽ֪һתۣЦ̸
£λţɽǺҡŮЦҪ˵²һǶæµ
֮ɽɩԺȥ볤˵仰ͻء
֣ԭزԸλŮһۣ˼΢
Ƕμҡ׽֪ʺʵϲ
֣һڴ˶£һ˵ҹʶˣЩö۲ѣֽһ
ڴεһЦ˵ĮЦȴˡ
СٲĻҲָ֪ǹɫˣŭɼˣȻǲʹ
һͷǡ佱лл۹˶Ϊ
òҪ˰룬˸֡
֪ױ硢أۣڼУĸҲֻ̹ǳּ֮ٲУȲˡ
ý̡ʵԶԡ
ΪΣ
ʡ
˵գٱ˿֭֭Һ죬ɫȴҹɫҲ۵ϸףΪŮӵǼ˶һʱ
عǸЦȤɲܲ˽
ǵȥֱۣţ˿
аͼȴʯתƵİ
Īչ磬˵治ڷˮôмת²⣬ţŮأ
ʹСʵȥˣɴɣþһԶˤȥˡ
Ѽ±гˮɢˤԣȹڽʪȾ࣬Ǳ
ǣƽĿ⼸Ҫü˵ǴֻСҡҡͷƺֹûʲôġ
תˣ
ˣ
δ֮ˣѣǸĻûô
ôһ仰˵ˣСҲں¡
ǵĴͺáûЩôһʱǶȥ£µʱ϶а㣬Ůӣܼȥ
˵öԣ£⹬ǲΣڸڡ
С̾ˣﵱٵֽء
ͼ˳̾Ӧ̾Ϣû⻰ñޡ
ɽسûѰˣ˷֪⣬ߵ԰ȥˡ
ɩûԿɽüȻöԻֽ
ĩ̲סЦǼˣǲȥһգǻʺ죬ܽ⼸˻˷
ʺ⿴ѵ⼸𣿴ŮԼӲգ̾
֪¶ʣ·ȴ֪£˵֪¡
䲻ۡ
˼ɽ᷽֮£˵ɩʳиĽϴϱ߶ʽϵƢθãƽòʲôʳȴ˷ˣ͸ɩ
Ǳǲ˴ӡŮδ˵գɽĿˡ
áƫףжУ»
ɽףҲá
֪ģ;Сɩ׽˶ദ˵䣬Գʱйĸо
ɽ룬Сɩ뵽ǲЦ֣ǰԱȣȻ֡
޳غҩҲĻмĹա
ǳ빬ǵơɽȥƣɩ¾Ͳصͨˣֱʥ
գƽҲ
ɩ°աɽЦɩһͶԵ޳ҲûôɸģΨõóЩ
֮ˣβԸɽƵĹмܲסɽ˵䣬Ͳòðˣĩ˵´γȥ
ɽЦð
ǱѾʼˡɽ飬ɩҪȥ𣿡
ȥϣɴɫͬк£סϸתϵˮɫǺ̫ˣϲ
˵⻰ʱЩζ˾롣
ɽ֪λСɩ˫׾ȫڼкܵó谮رֵġΨûиȤˣŻ˰ա
ɽһԸ磬ҲǾãЩڵĹĶǣûô˼
£ɽĿɫɣɫͬ¶Цˣָɹĵɫ
мˣԶܿ촫ߡ
λŽµҡ߽һźҡ
Ϊ̸ɽ˃ֻ̣Ů¼ҲֻСѾͷɵǡ
ɽڴˣ˵ȲÿŮǰӲλӳĸ·ū·
Ϊ֮ЦһǰסŮһףСˣαĮ
ôǼ˵ݣѵôһЦ΢۶긣ɽͼòǱµ˶֣֣иˡ
ɽᱡ¾һ˽ھһڣ㡣
УӦ⣬ҹ绹ͳֲ
ɽ֮࣬Ҳһȥ֪һֱǲɵİΪػİΣδ˵ʲô
Żʺô͡
ӣˣŮֿɧţðº㣬
챻ʵʵüⲻͰˣүϲµģܻӭȴҲ
ʱ֣ɽҧڴŮʾ׼Żߡ
ʱһ̾ΪʲôϷ룿
̧ˣģˣ˵ϷˣӵܾͲ𣿡
ʲôӱˡ
һϸӵܣӦֻһּ򵥵Ͻ̵дôأ㲻¥̫ӡֲʹҲӦüˣϸʱʹ

һӵҲôҪ
ʣѾһ߷ˡ
̵ˣɽһ֮಻ʣɩƽʱĶʲô
СĻأڿǡ竳ưԡү̫š
лҪ˵ʱڽһϸҲҵҪ
~ôô



036

ͲӦ÷һ˳š³ָ, ŶáðȥΪѡС磬ҲܴŹ֮͢ӵ
벻ͨ³ʵ벻ͨԭȽȥĶˣδ֮ǰûֳЩ°
ɼˮ, ׮ҲݼҰֲϰ
ʵʵλѵ, ַ, ˫Ȳ£һ˵öԹҡı, ɿˡ
³˵ˣһˮ, , ġ
³ϣ
˴룬³Ȼ, ֪ŮǺáŮ͸׮£´Ůͱ˸¨ӡ
žѵ, ³ܼӰԶˣ, Ǽ۵Ķʲôˣ
Ƕҡ޹ǻʲô, ֻͼϷɽѽ·ƽε
Щӵܣղ£³, ѧѧҲãϷܲСС;ɫ࣬Ҳ»ӡ
㣬̹ٴΣôҲֵʦڣͶ֪𣿾׽Ƽˡ
עѶŵúСˡҲ󣬡ǻûأ˺ȻˣƼ
޹ˣǻûſֽأӿһѹŮƺʲôţû뵽ùġ
ƣ´ҪгƯ˷ʽʱһڵأҲˡ
ǸµСŮˣ
ôɣ³ɣת͸ɽô
ʶ˺ãҹˡ
ŮĽ³ţ˼̹֮벻ۣɼ⸣ɽ¶Ůûʲôơ
ĪǣƵʵλ³ɫ任
⣬ܼ
λϹܼʵƲȥˣݷ˵Ϊã޴ôί
޽Ǿˣɲرѵ
ڹִܼŵĿŶ룬ĬƬ̣޴ĸĪҪ𡣡
³ϣ
ƳŮСβ죬³ϾƽľƢĻ֪һģүĪҪһζ͡
Ϊܺáͻԣġ
ĸŮĽѵǵܼҵӣû뵽˵棬³ϵ°ٸн
ϲŮãǵǣӵȷҪţзݣպɲ÷죿
ܿʶ󣬡йҲ֮δܼʱ
֮⣺´СԳ֣ڵء
³ˣҲ֣ү޹ء
΢΢һЦһ壬޹֮ԣĸࡣ
ĬĬţԼ׺˿αޱȣЦ
ЦȻʶȻЦˡ
ƽ̫ЦʱʹʵҲܼ߱򵥵ļܡ
Ȩв̸Ц֮ˣҪȨƣȻϾԵĲֻ£ͬźݵλ൱֮ˡ
ǲᣬֻԸá
³ţ˶ʱ
ɽˡ
ɽûˣʱһ̫ʹ˾šʺǲ̫ҽΪαܾҪͼһȥһʱա
ûоܾȻҲвӦʺֻ鸮;иɽ֧˹ȥҽ
ȥΪλ½ύѡ
Ӱ뵽ҽ֮£иɽ㲵ӰĿɫ΢䡣
һֱ֪ɽҪصܣֻû뵽˻ô֡

ɽڿýζһԣ˼֪Ļдֹ¡
ǰɡС棬ЩӼ˵Ҷˣֲźأ㿴Ķˣ
λӸղ˺ŴȥҪǷһǧӣǺүһ̹ŵСܡɽϸڼǵüˬ죬һЩƼˣ᲻Ҫϳߣ
飬ˣӦ˱
İգ˻šž˾˵Ӧ˾¡
ɽˣһعʱ㶨Ҫ輸ҡ
û⡣
˸ɴһⱾ
׼ȷǱ˵ӴµĹ¡Ǹ͵ӵܣСϷߡѧ¥Ϊͷƺ˴֣ΪƭӶΪƽնŭոܹۡ¼ޣмӴ͹٣һ¡
ȥмǵŮ˲ϲ⣬Ƕúܼ
֮浾ĸɽճȭͷΪйӽŲѣ
¡ŮæḧԼˣʱ̶עţ̫ҽ˵Ҳɴ
ɽ鶸Ȼ䣬һָסС΢΢Ϣ
˴ŮԼҵ£Ӧ֪˰ա
֪ѽӦΪɽ˵ȵȣЩձռġ
ɽɬһЦδУȥӦǻʼ֮ˡ
šţ𾪻ˣ
ɽס㲻˵֪𣿡
ָ°
ʶƺʲô֪ܡ
лҪ˵簲~

037

Ƕѧ, ֪Խ࣬Խ
żԱˣֹغ¡
븣ɽãԵӡ
Ȼ䣬, ֹô, ǲ, 廰úúòˡ
ͼװɵɻء
ʱ, ɽЦ鵴Ȼ޴, ɩǵԼ, ȴ֪Լȷ˵Ǻã
, ΪƵؿί˵̫ˡ
䡣
֮ɽ, Ц΢Сɩ, ζƲˡ 
̫˵Щˣɩ, ̲ס˳ɽס֣ᣬ, ˵ȴûôˡ
ɩԸ𣿡
飬ţ˵ա
רעĿУɽƽ
ɽԼǵãԼСʱĸԼ֮ˣǫѷмв̤
лĸŮĶˣлĶӣĶҲҪжĶ
ɽ׶£ĸѵ¶λְ˳ֻǽߵĶӺҲ˼ġ
꣬ɽĸЩĺ塣ǻѪĸһʱͿ빬͢Ҳĸı̰á±ĸĶֵ֪ͼ½ҷǧһ֮ʣлִˣĸŮҲƽ뿪͢
Ͷұĸл̳裬лҲĸỤ̊Ů
ĸ磬лҲû
֪沵ӣɽʼΪлİʹһģΪˣΪʲôԡ
úÿ˳浾ֵʵϲԸ⻤ɽ˳ӵȻλ֡
Ͷ֮ɰŮ޳
Ͷֹϵʼı䣬Ӧǰǳ𡣵ҹ޹ڴס˫ݷ䣬һʧģ
ɽٰ׷ʲûشֻлοԼǰ㣬ѶֱڻУ
źţֱ˯Ҵȥ
պ󣬸ɽоֿԼĿˣûɬѶżһֵռ
棬࿴һۣ಻̸ۼޡЩƵϵѵҪ󣬸ɽһһ˳ӦˣԹԡ
֪˲ã׶ĺ壬޿֮⣬лĸӶ˵ġ
ֵǻ󣬸ɽøڣҲˡеһܷۡѣÿһʱգƺĳ¶ڣ壬㵽ɽѰο
ɽǺܣӵҹʱǳʱߡ
ûԵ˿ʱ޼ģǰشڹ׼ϲᡣ
ǵڴ齼Ҳˮɵ¡
Ĺϵɽδڴӣֻ˳ĸǰҪһС
У⡣
±ҽ󣬸ɽѾжʱûˡҹЩ£ɽһ㶼֪
ʧδйڴֻеƣˡ
ôõܣҲһߡ
ɽ侲Ȼ˵Щı()(o)ٵ_(:١)_
⵱Ǽôǣɽɽͻʵ֮䲻ĹϵС
һθоең֪Ӻ𣬱ţһֻС졣
Сжɣ˦βˣδ
ҿˣɽ¶ػپ࣬ǸλСɩҵһζ˵
ǻλգգۣЩˡ
ɽǸΡ
ǣô죿
Ҳ֪ɽʵҡͷסֺᣬȴܵԵְգһҲ
Ļͺ񿴵һĨĻǣ侲ʵججȻա
ܸү𣿡ʣ룬үӦа취
ɽЦһ壬ҼȸɩûҪֱܵĵǽһұơ
ͷȥҩ
á
ţŲһƽգ첻Ȼһ˺qaqı顣
СľҲǵ׵ڻͻȻôµһҵüͷۻ
ء
Ҫȥү
һμŵģͬͬţ˫Ŀ룬ֱֱײ
üס˫磬£
ۣҵĹǰ㱧סСúܽºү˵
֣ھҪ
һ񣬳Ȼ߿СӵҲˡ
֯ԣѸɽµֽŲãʮַḻ
ϣȥüûʲôڼ仹ˮ侲Щ
үô֡
ɽ֪ʹǷҪܾˣұδǿ
֪һ£֪顣ʱףΪöԻʵһֱƴӣ޾
ȥ֪ɽ֮£˵ڶ飬ɽԾܾˡ
Ըɽ֮飬ˣʡ˹ϵϾûǰܣɽܾҲƱǿģ㵱ĸԸ
˶ԸɽбĿԶǱȻ
⺢ô˵
ҡͷĿãȻνģ˵ȫƾԵ֡
Ҫʹ˾㡢㣬԰Ƕѧõģһֱ
ɸɽ£Ҳ԰ɼûλʵ޷վڸߴС
ʵûҲȥã˼ǵһһΣξ񡣡
ɽҪɣһλᡣ
ĿڿȻ游
游ҲǲЦӣ۰ҲҪãſϱһ澶η游游ǰҳ
ǵãʱ游ʹӵһ£游ŭ˺ֲԵɣԭΪ˼زĸס
ʱ游һԲ˰ǵ֮˺ݺݴʮӶۡηᣬͷ游ʹСβ˸ңˣĸס
ˣ游Ҳû»ظ˽в̤֮ʱСȫƾҽãȴһĺˡҪסѵ֪¿ΪΪ
˶游ߵףһԲؿ游뿪ĿڵĹâֱʱǵá
ү游װͰ͵˰
Ӱ游غϣ
ôߣͶ⿰ȵߡ
ү
ţ
֣Ȼģ
üļһʺţû븮ҽǷʲôë
ſҷűŵˣҪүܺá

ãڻסǳģʲôܲ˵¡
Ų£ޱȻҵλã˲䣬С죬̰̣Һ㰡
лҪ˵Ϻ~
ǵĴϢһ£ʼ˫ôô

038

ܺáСƶ
ͷ, ּ
Ѿͷһˮ³үЩǰˣִӺ˵
˱ûܵģμȴ׼ǽͣ˿и˿۽, СҲ, ߵӰĪ͸Ż졣
, Լϲүˡ
Ǿ仰ֻӲ, ûƿĿԴθĸоһ
֪, Լôÿ, û˻᲻ϲ, 
ʣ˭᲻ϲһ۹أ
󣬳̽ɽ
, ˵ϣ͸ɽ, ȴ١
λĪСִȥСס, ĸ˵㲡ˣְͰ͸
ĺûӰ, ǰʱ͸ɽһȿ飬ɩģó۶ˡ
ƾʲôôôϲɵӣ
ɽɫӰ죬͸İף̣㶼ˣɩ˼ױ磬ȫģӻۡ
̧ͷֵؿÿ𣿡
û˵ĳҭסԣ
ǾͿ˷Σ屧Ҫ࿴ЩƯܽЩõÿ졣
Ӳ䣬ûôÿûʲôˡ
ȥ񣬼ʮͬصͷ
ɽЦǰɩôÿһвҲûˡ

ɴתƻ⣬Ҫȥ󳤹ҶˣסҲ㱸š
´ζȥɽӦվȥĸУɩȴͷΣĪˡ
ǰС֮ˡĿ¶СС⣬˼ǺԼԲأǰ˱ȵʲô
ϧ۶׸Ϲӿˣûţתͷأ԰˸Ƕյسԡ
ӣ
æū澸
ʾζǳصضż֣̫ˡ
ѭȥˢˢż̧ãȻһܿʶʲô
ձ˵ǳɩɩӦչǨͶԷġ
գգ̧ۣ־ͰһгԵˡ

ᡣαüͷҴδԹѳԵӡ
ƭأģѡôѳԣ
԰աɽʵڿɵСﶷ׼ȷ˵ǳ涷
ɽ֪һ£¶¶ȳ£ˬӢ˵ʱͽгۣСС;Ǳ粻޵ԡ
Իδ꣬ͱʥּսᡣ
û취͵ۺѰռλõļ
ɽ֪ǺƢʲôѹʵ㹻ˣʹСɩӣЩЩǽȻͬĽ
򣬳ɩҪ𾴡
С˵ǵɺϣʸ޸磡
⻰˵ùˣɽĿ΢ܾûȥĸˣұȥһˡ
һ㲻ĸ׸״ѣòʮЧ
Ҵˡ费ͷ㲻Ҫĸס
Բģѵôɽ
ɫͨ죬ãͲϺתͷ΢ŵ%#@*Բ𡭡
ĵǸ⣬ûգգۣ·
ûȵеǴԭ£ʱȥ˲ںŮģǼ
ǲ⻹Ĵ󣿳۲Σȷʵû׷˼˿
ŲǷֻڱвòʱЭѡ
㣬ļҵĻ˶֪ʣնûüȥѰ㣬ͷ˵м˳ײ㱻ѵ˶٣ȥʹҲ֧֧˵
ɽ־һҳҲǵˣǼΪ֮Ҳʲôֵüƽϵ¡
ʵ򣬸ɽѡǼӶԻʺ֮֡ǳ󣬵ۺìܣʺݲˡ
Ҳܳ⣬Щúúѵ|һˡ˼䣬ôʵϽվһظȥĸߵ̫ҽúõ
Ҿþ߶ЩҲȻɽЦҩֶٳΪá˵СϿʲôˣ
ôɡһ룬Ŀ˸ĳ£˫Σַɿ캬ŭ
ЩӵܣݸߵĲмֺ͵ûӽ߲кЩֹġһֱȱȱֱˡûϳ꿡ʵòעĿ˺һӽ󡭡
ֻҪˡ
Ϊ˻ᣬԼȡ˲ģԼˣͺݼһ
ԣû־ǽģ
ȡѵҹˣ㰵һһŭģøɽЦӣѾкѡ
ûУһڷϽ˵Ե£ѵóǹʱȥɽҲһȥ㶼ûȥʵһ¡
˵աɽЦ𣬶£Զǰͼֵһ͵͵ȥл˱ɽҰȥ׽
ҲͬѰ˼죬ֻô꣬ͱ仯ˡ
ȻҲ֪ôһ˲ɽ
һ磬׼ƣȴĥĥظ
ǻˣȴֻ˸΢΢ף¡֮ʣ̲ס׿˿ͼŻĮޱȵıڼߣָһźҡ
ĶʱڴͰһȦģܡ
صУ̲סԾãҲÿ𣿡
޲Уʺƨʹò˫ǡ֮Ļڶ
⻰һױƣ쾪˲ٳ
ôˣ浴󳤹ڣƳǽ΢΢üȥɽһˣ˭ˣ
ңǲǺܲϲ
浴󳤹ḧŮΪô˵
ҺͱǲˣǶϲʶôʱݼѵΪøÿ𣿡
ԼգҲȣֻûƯˡ
浴󳤹ЦԷǣŮòΪб׼ܹŵ㣬ĸУٿɰ
òҲһʱϲƷԱӡػûϲ𣿡
˲ˣ˼ǣƷԺܺã
Ҳֻ֪棬ദС͸ɽ㶼˼ͨ͸֮ˣƷ覣ǲô׽ɡ
гɼȻζáѭѭգҵŮƶ֮ˣΪҪȹ㣬δй֮٣֪Ů黳м֮鲢Ů֮飬ĪҪŪˡ
һʱãҵԼú롣
š浴󳤹΢΢һЦŮ¶ռ䣬ȥˡ
̫⣬˹ﴽˣɻã
Ů֪ô֣ƽʱ̫һ㲻˳ĶܲסȰϢء
̫ڨڨǣǾͺãǾͺáˣһҪ˵
£
򸾶뿪̫浶ߣ˼䡣
澲֪ݣֻԶԶƼƢĴ󳤹ŭžòƽϢ
ҹ󳤹ƻͨʱȼһŵƻ
ּžԶһҹɫȻһӰ
ܼǰ磬ү˯°գ
Ъһʱˣ鷿ܼǣ·ߵлôæаŵõϢȻүӭӡ
һЦº͵ˣү»ҹⲻȥˡ
лҪ˵ңһֱΪ
~

039

ҹ˯һ, ˲ˣֻʣһڻеãҲûȵ˻齡
˯ԲԺ, ͷΡ
صûô̤ʵ, ʱ, Ը˴ʰΣЬ, ŵİײ˸š
ôô磿ɫⲻ簡, Ƕô
ҡҡͷ, Ƿ۵İгѵĺ, ˯ˡ
үҹˣҲûء
дԹϰһ˲, Ҫϰ߸ʹࡣѾӦͬ齾ޣڴ޼ɵҲ˻סԼĵ
ҹ߶û, µء
һȫû, ȥĶˣûܼ˵м°ڻڸɡ
磬, ᲻ǱĸСˣŶðūЩ˵˶ûҪźģָ͡
֮ǰʺµ˾ûС˺ǷΪ͡
Ӻɸ֣ôһأʺµԲⰡүȻաԼˡ
˵ó˼Σϰ˺үһ˯Ҫȥ˭ǶԺҹ
СҭסĵǹҲ̫ƽˡ
СѾͷԼ̬Ⱥܲ⣬ֹ˵˰ΣҪģǰڸˡ
үλȨأСܶģ
Ȼû룬Ҫץסүİ

޲أӦģѾ³Ļ׵Ժ
ֲĵķ£ϴã˷ȥ԰ﶺСˡ
СӽԽ׳ٲȻҪèƷչ൱Ư۾ʼǿٳԡ
ɶŪͼСվģȻѵ£Сȴ˰βÿɵӵĿ⿴żܷܵһ
ⲻԾ
Сѽóʳһ㶼Բˬ
࣬ǲǡ̫Եˣ
ʶʲô뿪ƬһʣͷūȥˣСǶСɣèʱܳš
ֲСԽԽˡȫ׼ÿι
̰ԱˣԲܲƯǼСΨһҪ
Сˣʼ·ҷ
Ϊߣ˰è׵ëװͰͣȥΪҲϱ
Сţô⻰ָ
ܻӭء
ż⻰ļСܸжèս԰ٶƮǰèë
ϰʹޣ̵һһֻè࣬żһѷСβͣסϱ˶ľܽأšͦÿ
ЦôһƣӲ֪ʱ£һ
ƳòĿ¶ޣܿ죬ʶǰŮܵݣ΢΢һЦл
δŽ£ͨȴѰӻҪ󷽣
Ҫǣúܺÿ߳ĹӰ㣬ǡˡ
ǰԺðһ˵˵ͷСܿƵؿ˺һ
ÿԼүҪÿࡣ
ݼԺͼΪͬãòȻҲǶõģϧʺǰһȣֱδɵСƨ
͵ԭⰵ˻𾪵ط֣Ȼϰһˡ
ⲻ԰ʱô࣬תϲʹˣ
ʹٿȻǰ
ԴδʶʲôһǱ߶ȥˡ
Ȼô磬ʣ
ҡҡͷ
ùˣ
ҡͷ
ʲô
Ȼҡͷ
ⲻԾɫʼ۲Լ飬˼
Ҷزס£ŽžԼСˣүҹˡ
⡭ԣûǰ֪׼ͣ˾ΪĻү˵գĸСˣ
С*лȿȡ
ûСƽ͵Ĭ£лҹȥ
ԵĻԼΪѵã˵һûл
лУүϳɳءЦ໰ү壬ǾԲ˵ġ
һλǶ췭ظı仯Ժ棬к͡
Ůɫү̶ȾȻ֮ߡ
˵ˣţӦһܺ˵ģţү´Ҫǰ˵Ȼҹ˼㣬һ˯ŵġ
ܿ˯һϵص仰
Ҳˣã´һ
ʣôűˣ
ҵү˵Ϲļǵһҹû˯ãûʲôθڡ
תڼүõˡ
˿֪⼸俰Ʒ޼˽黰ҲδԼĳ˲õļܡ
΢һǰ˵Щ˼Ǽģ̫ɰˣδճɻʱ࣬ȥš
˾䣬л˵仰ܿ
Сתȥˡ
лＸĿɿڴؿүһͲ۾
аֳָ⻰δүҲӰ죬˵ʲôôСô
ָлĿ˶٣ѵģС
˼ǣǸӣȻҪã
лԵͷСƯġ
ͺáӶ˷û뵽һȴοף˵˼䣬㳯鷿ȥˡ
лһ¡
̲ƵҲϼҳ㷹Ƕھ֮¡δ̿͹ȻھǹоͶ֣޵ۺֱʣ˶š
лΪıʿһֱΪĮأĮԱȨܴΣλؾȴûеõͬ⣬ͬĮһıʿͬóĽ
ҹлǰ˰ҹлʱ˫ϥнӲ
ţʱ̬һ
ү׼ʱطأлʡ
ʱδ
ʵ۲طأһֱץߣ߻ʵԶҲܲĮƶ񤣬˿ԭҲٵÿʵȻɵ
ȻگǶʵ۵ǻʱֲδȣͲҪջˡ
ֵ˴жףһصĮսʼĺŽǡ
ʵĮ׼òࡣл˼λ˴γ֣Ŀʣ޼ү½շǷ
ȰΪá
šȰϷ˺ͻߡ
лȻһүҪ߱Ȼˡ
ۺ֪ܲдˣʹͻȻػǾ衣л뷨ʱү뷨ǣǵ˰нӦϷ˺Сӡ
뿪Ǳ߲ˡÿʱǰųǣͱ෽ϷŶ
ʵƶֻҪ˻У;Իطء
лšüǺͬðյ뷨ȷ⻰ˣү׼Σ
ͬ³΢أݼǡ
ʱһһ뿪
лҪ˵簲=3=

040

, ϡ
ע£ԽԽãδɻȢޡԵۺΪ˿޵û˵ס
ۺΪ¼ʱؽ˷, űܾ֮Ҳ, ûϻؾ, ѳɶ֡
վߵĳ˼һΪôӰүʲô͡ʸ, ֮Ǽ޷ҲΪ谭
޷ܾ, ƽ֮ɡ  
Ҫһط, ˷ϡȻлΪвλ˾˵ԭ
³΢ĳǸϲ, ֮ǰ˭Ҳû뵽Ƥӵ£һϢ̶ȡ
һ, Ǽ򵥵ϾͺãҪǲĶضࡣлû, ֻүѾº顣
, ȥ̫Ƕá  
лĿ¶ɫԺȥ, ǹңѧ֮
̫ʥ֮ģ𡣡
˵˲Ǽ򵥵ӣͬһŵʦֵܡ
лΪлеӵܣлϲʣĸ״ĥȡֻҪڣͼٶ֡л࣬޿̣Ϊʧɱһճ֣Ҳлϲһֶ
лŭлﴦرãл̫Ϊ̫ϲСӡ
һãлģԿǰУʮַġ
лǰһ£ʱ·ϣ˵Ƕ̰ܶīƽѱղ˱£´ŭͷ
ܵȻϹ֣Ҫۡ
ʺվźϼ壬֮ǳֱʡ
л΢΢һЦȻȥȻֶΡ
ݣʥ֮ʲĵ˸жʴȡӲȱлԸ׷ԭ֮һ

ź󣬼ȥ˸ɽ˵ҹܲŻ²ֹҹδʳˮ
ɽڼǹ·£Զ˶ʱʣ˸ôô
ɽĬεҹǲңҡӿɻá
ʻһڻʹҹӵ뻳ʱ¶ȡ
ѹһգ뿪ʹҪôһôϰҪȥѰοŷأ
Ƿʹڣʺıóѣ³
ֳҩĳӣζԴԶ
ܰٿھ˵һֵԭµľ̫١
ɽҲڣֻҪ߰ˣһҪӡ
ȻԤϣ⣬Ϊʲôأ
Ըɽͻʵ۵ݣעҪ۹⣬ңʵҲһҪ
ʹˡɽ˼ܾã뿪ʹ
ڹеʮ꣬йҲгģǻȻ֪ںδãȻ
ĸˣȡڶǰ˳صҵĿܡ
ɽӲокβףϰˡͻƺȻѹʶ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ࣬ҲԾʼ۲ˣעģλֳɻ鲻õСɩ
Сɩɽԭô˿ֵ¡
ȻԼȫ׸֣ҲԼ
վⳤȻƣûеõκڴĻӦͽƺҲȻ
ɽ˼Щʱ侲ɽܿͻû޴ˡ
ḧСҴδһ𣬱˽һأҡһˡ̫¼ˣȽ͸ң⡣
ɩúòã
˻ϲãԼ壬Ҳûʸ˵ô
ɽ˫΢סǳҾ֪ɩ˲ͬõġ
ֱס֬ˮģģĺϲɩϧֵġ
Ҫܳʵ˵䡰Ȼõġڸɽֿޱȵ£Ȼˣαһ仰ţүġ
ԣҪÿŴ׸ˡ
һЦɽɿ֣԰ϺΣɩĪ£ͬЦء
浾ֵĸɽʱͬ˿ЦҲó˵û뵽һξͰˡ
ֱ治滹Ц۲˰Σٴϲ㣬Ǹϲү
ɽΪ
Сɩɰ
ɩͬദҲôɽ䣬㡭ֱף
ѽףСģޱȡ
ɽĥƽǰһڳĮģĻ֣ÿ׵Ļܱסɫô
ĵܴյһ͵Ե֣Ҫһֱúõġ

ɽһݶʾ︣ɽʲôѶȣҲûʹ˶ʱգԳԺȺ̥
˶ѡ©ڣڹࡣ
ɽӣ֮ˮǻʵ۽ʺµġɽлյȫգԼþãʺϼıǹͬѵúܡ
ֻһĴŮΪ̲裬¼ѾҪ˹ΪλҪգ
ֲңΪβգɽЦģִⲻգҲֻҪ׷ʰˡ
˽֣ǸӵˣЩĶΣҪ˲Ϊܽ軹δɵĺȥʺ
ɽͨЩҲöԷǷԼֻʲôʲôˡ
££磬Ŷӣѿ˰ɡ
ʼԻˡ
̲ͷѾóһЩˡ
㴩ſϸۣ׾ܿλβԾ
⼸գΣ
̲ʵڹпźöˣɫ͸졣
͸죿ɽ΢΢üȡۣ֬ԾױƬ̣أ
̲סױһڣµָֻ˺ѪɫĲ԰ףҲǵɫģȥ㲡
̲УɽõҪĴ𰸣£ȥ󳤹ҽȥĸ
ȥ󳤹ǶȻ㣬ֱͨ븮浴󳤹ϢͤеȺ
ǸĳЩֶֶŮƫģͬʱǶ˭һҲˣʵ۶ûеõ֧֣Ҳһ
ˡ浵һ仰òϰôĸ
ĸҪ߶ŵģʱ򲻵ѡɽѵ˵ƤֺɩҼãҽθڲãΪա
꣬ü͸ŵ̾Ϣ
ɽŶ󣬾£뱲ӿǺá
Ӹ̫е֪£˷ŭʱֻ̣ϧ֪ɽֻʵۻͷɫ|Ѭģǿá
ֲãһֱͬɽѡ˵ʲôҪѡѡõġֻԼûж⣬øɽѡ
ɽһСҶǵ¡
λθڣɽš浴󳤹Цպýг㣬ǸƤһҲֲ֪ͣȥˣڣôܾա
ɽ˳⣬λȰĹĸйػĿ͡
øûʲôʵȨλ綼ܸɣҪְĸȴӲѹˣǿʰ
ɽ޷ǣǰĸСĶӡı׹գĸʹ顣ʱޱȣ鰲ο˹ĸһ¡
˭뵽ǰӶֵ߽е֪࣬粢׹֪ĳЩ֪±ı
ıˣʱ֮ˣĻʺ
ɽⲢΪԼȥΪ꣬ǰҪùĸ֪ࡣ
ң浴󳤹븣ɽ˽̸ʲô˲ö֪֪Ϣǣմ󳤹Ͳˣ̫ڸտµλؾ̼
лҪ˵ֱСİ~

041

о, ĸԼ׽ˡ
浴󳤹ûϽӽɰＸλܶ˹ﻰ£Ҫվߵ˼
ΪĸΪλ뵽ȥ󳤹һ˵ĸɽ
Ըɽ, ûҪ¸֪ĸ  
Ϊ, ɽΪ˴л, Թĸ׿ڵʵ֮£Դϻʵ, ת
ɽʧЦ, ˹͢, ˵ĸЦңҲǸҪӵŮء
̹, ӻף, Ҫ롣  
ȡɽɨӰһҳ, ˳ָ˯ϥߵĻ˿ˮ
ô࣬ĬĬ˺Щ, ҪĮģôôԽ, ɽԽÿλֵαװʵɰúܡ
Ļ֣ҲֻСɩεסˡ
˵𣬻ɽʵ׻˯÷˵뵽ӵһɰĺӣҸ
ֿƬ飬ɽԸ̲裬ԻϥջǱҪȥԳˡ
ӿ϶ǲܸģȻԳĺõطɽĿǰסչˣʱ鷳
ʼ˰ɽ̾Ըִ˴ԣкջ񡣡

ý޺ãѽãյͷóǰ׺ıȻ̫ýֶǰڰװΡ
С֧°ͳ˼ѵɫţÿֻػ񲻸ã
ţһϣյװϻǹıӡ
һ߳ȥвл΢΢һСүȻͬү䵭͵ƺȫԼ֪Ϊ
磬ҪС֣ϰ߾ͺá
ү鷳֡ϹģΪСһ߳ȥĿͳ׵ġòױ̫ʢܸүģҲֻЩ˼ۼʵ
һ㶼үӣʹ
лͨݸҲĿ
㻹ǲδ뾲лԹ䡣
ΪĿֻүģȺˣֻ䵱ʡ
ǳʹϷصѡڽʼԳֻգ֮ȴҪȥĶݼ١
Դˣף£ˡ
ҵıݼҲʸͬ󲮸ڣ谮ŮȻᱻƲ¡
䷢֣ģ鶼֣ڿɽͫ͵񿴵ʲô֮¡
˵ģ룬ת˹ܼңæ鸣ɽѡĶ
ܼ޲ӦϢȥԳ
ˣһϵǣȻҲˡ
ճڹΣм֮£οԶͬ£˭Ҳû
һ˷⣬ſڼ͵͵ҧ䣬ýտʱ߶߶˵дһЩǰЩӣȻΣԺﶼƼҹصĸʧǵģ׷ֺһѵ⣬˺üա
ҶûٸȤݣ˿ǣϲնţ
ըëèϲ˭ҲϲΪЩʸҪϼ㣬ע
ĴʶҲһԼû취ܻӭ
֣Ŷ̵ڡ
ֱ˰ΣʵΪ⼸ֺ͸ߵúܽˣڸҹ￴ʱȥ¡
ֱۣöûأõǶģģΪܽĸŮôߣ
СƢҲǲ̬ҲΨС˼Ǽ֣صüҲҪŮ֮οȹʹӣʲô˼գ
˼Ƭ̣淽˼ͰͣɡҲܵİ
ȻҲ£֪֮治Уһʱ䣬Ĭ
ꤴӾǴݳͣʱв֡
Գ̨Ѵãһ·Ȥ̴֧ۣ
δһ䡰ĪҪˡ֮󣬿ˣˡ
СһʱȥÿҲҡҡλε˯ţδѣֻʣһˡ
ҲȤǶ˺üʺ֬С֪ߵԶ
ƺֲ̹ʳ˿ζ㣿ȷǰҶ˼ΣɴժһƬн˽
ġ
ȻģŮƼ㶣˳㡢ܶô
˵ܳ谮вӦأ
Ҳʵͷе
϶죬޷ӣֻҪһ뵽ЩҰζˡ
ŮҲû뵽Ѱˣȴֳԥȥֻֽ˵Ƭ⣬ҪҪ
áҧĲҶҵš
Ѿ̫ĸˡ
ŮŶ֪Ϊ˼ãŮҲŲΡΡƨɲϲݵء
Բԣ
ֻһǾͶԡ
ҭ£ŮޣãΪεⶼξ游Ǻɴ󽫾ڴ㷢սӲӣ
ݵأһ޷֮ɨһƬ
Ůӳ佫ңϰ䣬ó书ǳ
һãȻԴΪΣ
Դģɱе治СŮĿ˸£̲סرۣ˼Ľ֮ˣȳ㷢սѵ𣿡
磬ɾӪЩΪһЩ֥СһԲϾ;ĺһȻѬãһҲ÷ŵεεĹʲôԡ
οŮСϢ˵ʵҲܲ
˱Ƚ֮ġ
үѳɻ飬ҲʲôֻһķڷŮӺܿҲܹŮ¸ɴĺټ
Ӧ΢תע⵽ŮֱۺСǿ΢΢
ˣŻ׳֫ǰҲѿԵˬ
ŮΪ£ģҲ㡣ֻǣүжеİףΪӢۣҾĽãۼʲôģһ
ٴ淢ʣֻһŮô
ţŮӻȻʶʲôģ֡
ֻˣСֶȡʤ֮ˣҲмԶʤ٣Ů游ֶ꣬ԭ
ͷʣֻһƥ
֪ȥ˱𴦣ѰŮҪţϧ
⣬ʼ߶ˣ򲢷Ůӣһ
ŮãȻƶ֪λΪƯҪʲôȻͼƵߵϣһ룬
ҪʲôֻڿδŮӾͼԷȻһ㣬ؾˡ
ˡ
лҪ˵簲~µúô󰡣Ҫ

042

ٲ첻, 룬ĪŲҪ
ԷһǴС䣬ʹҲǱӣ, Ҳܼ֡οǰ״̬, ûʲô
ɵӲŻӦ
ʮ˳, ջӪĵطмŮһ, ɨӰĿ¶ȣϷ鲻Ծ͡
Ƕ֪λճŮѲ, , ͽˣ
ʵģѵӮˣܰ, λǴ͸ھӪ|ءȺЩӶ
ΪʲôҸоܶ˶ڿСĺëܡ
ÿѽԼ࣬յ̺, Ƿë̺ܼҸĻƤ̺, ܺÿأ
˿ˮ, Ƥ̺Σë̺ء 
ͷ, أôɲܶ
ЩŮˣֱ飬ܴλˣŮô
ۣһΪ׷ˣԣǴ
ǣߵһ㶣ˣүԸġ
ǣǽģܿҪ黹ƥ˫һƯݡ
֪ϲãүѡġԼΪүģŻͰæ磬үҪ͸λȥԣʱϾǣй˼ɣûʲôΣգ³ȥҲԡ
ʾܾ۵úܣֻɡƥȷʵƯƤëëӭƮ̧˻ʱ̬š
ֱе
Ϊ棬ιݲԣιǲԣˮҲȣǵþϸĴʢ۵Ĳݼˮſϵ½ͷ­ʳڡ
͹񡭡Сૡ
Ӿˣﻹû
ǵζɲʢ̻ʯ롣
֮ƥرźڹ͢Щ̺类ĥñƯһޱȵë̾ƿߣҲֻг뵽ϰԣ
һһԵ֣˸ٶȻƽԶǰδеúá
ϲ˵Ժͽа񡣡
磬˻һʾͦϲ֡
˿˾ͺã˴󹦡
лӸүֻ߲ܳȥ£Ҳڳʱ䡣
벻ԼɵĻãͦĵġҪСƯӻܺãһɵúܣ˭ദأ
Ƚϣүе㲻ȫȥˡ
ÿУպϣΪϿҰζ׼˵Сϲȥһ䳲
һʱӣȻȣ̫ˣ
Щڰ̫Կˡ
ʱȥƣʧȶȣӪȺŵȴ֮˹
¡¡֮ͻأȻôôͻˣ
ʲôɣ廹Ƿɵġ
ǻʼԳʲôϵǼǵһܹ˵ޣԸС׹
۳ң泾ӿӪأ˴󺰣̫ҽ̫ҽأʤˡ
ʤӣһ볤ʤǹɣӾǹүүȻˣ⻹Ϊ
ηѸٸɫҰףҶˣ죬̫ҽ
̫ҽٿ죬Ҳûļٵĸ׿졣
Ӽͷʹڲ֧ȥһļʸѪܵĻкη˼ʣŭʹ˭ɵģ˭ɵģ
˻Ӧ
̫ҽΪֹѪȿ˼ͷû˵ҪγҪЩˡ
̴Сѣ̫ҽһ֧ء
ţ̫ҽȥһ̵֧ļͲλӴڲ࣬ĳ֮ô硣
ˡ̫ҽĨ֪㲻̲ˮܵôʲô
Ϊĸ˵СˣųЩͬš
⡭Щˡ˫ֲ˭֪ⳤʤͲСӶûУӵһѣܱôҪһμ⣬ͷܱʺͺүߡ
ˣӵ΢һΣҪٶ༸˲С
Ǿȥഫˣη˲˼ڵϵĶƤתѵļæǰȥҶôˣ
ӿҲƤѪʱ޷ڡ
ηʣˣ˭
˸ŭԣôϾ˶Ǳ˺ģλôء
ڻԱԵӲΡΡָ֣һ
ˢˢȥ˴Գķ򣬵ָġȫ˶ѣ֪ĸ
ԼˣĬĬÿӵָȻδ䡣
߶ɶѵ˶ʱˮ㳯ӿֱʣʱֹͣ˱仯
ٶˢˢȥڴָס
ȴָǱߣǡǡ
û˵꣬͵ͷ˹ȥ
лҪ˵ԹȺڣ˭㵹˵ٻ谡


043

ָ˵˭ץӷε, ߲סǶƮ
˷ֱΪ̫ӡԼӡ
ʤӺ̫ӡӶǾ˾˺/ֶӹϵպη˵뷨˶ɡ˲ô룬Ϊ̫ӺС˸ǳϺ, μ޳Թ, Ҫȥλӣ
ʤֹ׼ķ, Ŀ¶˼ǽΪ䲢ǵ, ӣر֮, ׵
̫ӺС˽, ĬƬ̺̽𣿣
ң  
, ֹ˻Сͷҷſһͷ¹, ˹ȥûţ¹ûҲûƼ, ǻ˭֪ǲǡ
, òκˣƯҲֶˣֻǲٿһʱ׼, ˭֪ͿܲСˡ
ҳϣչ͵͵ˣ¡
磬أ
̫Ŀƣ¡ࡣ
ײһֻ¹׳ɫƯԻȥĸƼ˫¹Ƥѥ׷ȥ˹󡭡ҲظϽˡ
ðһ²⣬գ
Ķôɵ£Ϲ룡ֹ̫Σյ뷨˭Ҫ˵Ҳȷ˵ͽǷǶѡ
ͷ˾쿴ܣ常ģŻˬġ
ѿڶˬ֣ʱֹ𡣵̫ܲףͬסЦݣȷ˵ǴҲ֪᲻Ӱ죬ҹһȥ
ʤΪ˳Ϊˣѧƫϲڳף̫ǰҲҪѵ˿˳Ѿá
ãǶЩϺõĲҩϴ˳ʣϴʱģкЩҩء
̫ףҲȥЩʹ˷ֿɡ
˵½ͷַֿⲻ֪ⷬľٶ类˿۵ס
ҹеʢȡ̫ҽһȺȺڳʤڣü⡣
ǣ˴̫ΣǼʸͿҩҩ͸ȥټˣǻɺܿӰ˵ĳ
ҪβãȺ˻᲻ᵱУ
ʤͻʺԱ߿ţһȺ̫ҽͷðĺģʱҰв²
˹СʱڵҲûõԵļǷˡ
˳ŵ䣬ſ齱ߣôöûλӦǺ˰ɡ
˸ûʲô˼˯
ûп⣬ֻ˶ټŵϴ齣ʱɢͷڷĵֻаƴԽСˡ
˵˯ǽƻֿ˻ƵƵ⡣
ǲڵүšӼüŪۡ
ŲߣúܣȻҪ˰ůѽ
䣬һԶŲ΢ɲһ٣ɫȻƻ˿仯
лЦ£ֵүˡ
ʶȤ𣬵ү¸һ¿ɲ˺µġС
̵֣лүˡ
þգɴ뿪ǰͣһ˲ڡ
һˮޱȵү
̹ȻģñЩӦķӦЩµ顣
û£үȽæ֣ȥϴɣ˱ˮ
ףȴ̧ʾал˽¿¹ȣҪ
ޱȸ˵Ӧһ͵˴һ棬ȻҪ˯ҲҪҪಹ
Ϊ˳һʱߣǡѲ·һ죬ᣬ˼ܿܵĳ޵ķ
ƽտޱȵҹԭ㼤ҰǰЩˣ
֪ܾĿЦ⿴żкŮæµȻ̵¹ˢ˲㽴ϣгһƬƬУڵþޱȣٶҲƷơ
ϵڿ¹ʱһʱԼСˣҪһֻʡ
˼лＸ΢һϴȥˡ
ҹ΢˰ֻ¹ȣů⣬ڱҲôˡ
С¯ʣƫûˮ裬ҲЩη
齺|Ų£ԷûŲһ£ûӦ
ӣɴֽŲðȥһ̾Сÿ̹ʱСС
үůѽС˵ʵӺöˡ
Ӳ£ɣе˫Ψеů⣬üô
⻰³һأŮŮ
˵꽫ţͼȡ⣬ܿƿСǺӲʯͷһ
ү΢ֵͺˡ룬ӻģǳ
δССμ˻ְסȡ
æȵķʽ棬ղ|ʿһѼ˫˫Ų£ס׼ȥ
ֽţн⣬ĵšɳëëļˣԲ۶Ҳܴˡ
ڱǲδסԼࡣ
ǣֽŲܶ͵ûɣûɵôͼѣҲϲ
ѰˣһҲˣ̧־ͰסˣӺҲֽű̫١
ظһÿճ䡣
һ˦ӻ˵ϾʱİãÿҪС
ίͰͣŬ뷨ǣŮġ
ţĿҪ˵ʲô
֣Žȥүƣôݡ
ôôۡ
СţôС
ŮҪÿİô۵ôء
˵úеһʱ˼˵ˡ
һۣû˺ЩܽӴټС֡Ŷ˸飬ƫԸġ
û뵽һȻع񣬲ŷлԼװ۵СţʮֺԲɰ΢΢ţ͸ŷɫƯˡ
Сʶעӣøˣ̽ͷ̽ԵСһʱ
ԣԴ˫űסͦůģҲÿſббʱж
Ƭ̣䣿
죬үͺ
šɿ֣˫Сͻر죬ǾЩ˯
û֣Ϊүôã˵ʲôء
ȫ³С㣬úܻͦϲһִ
ֻҪ˯˾ͺˮˡ
ڴм˳Ӻļͬ˯ˣȡ֮ǼŴ㣬Դڱ䣬ү˯ˡ
š
ע˯ҹȣ˸Сӣһʱȫ˯⡣
һʱҲ˯ָоȻͬ
ݣǻʱǻΪȰżʱ
ƻʹȵˮ֫ٺ̧ͷһ߱ڵҲʶ֪
ҹ¹⣬
лҪ˵~ȣ
˸bugʤӺ̫Ӳƽ̫ӵľ˾

044

һҹ, ʱ˻ڣèϰ԰ȵֱϲ˲䣬̧ү, Ҷˡ
۱ҪͶι, Դ˳ĶΪ, һҲȷʵ̧ȥˣͷڷë׵С, ˻ɵ
֪ԼŲС, ʮַצ, εǰܺòס
εĸоΪ, ʲôȥ
һԿ¹ȡ 
Ų̫塣ܾ󰲸, Ŷ࿾Щ
ͷþ, ϴǵԼƥ, ԤմȥȦ
յ£ʱ߶վ˻ʮ־ȣһôȥ𣿡
ȥѰ, Ȼҹû𣿡
ʲô룬ҹ۵˯ˣ˯÷ǳ㣬ȫûע⵽ʲôү͹ƺҲǡ
ʤǱ߶ҴˡŮڰӶߣÿףʺܣҲһˡ
˸ΪΰҲ׵ô
ѽǴǰͬˡŮüѹøͣ˵ʤӲˣֵģˡ
ӦطһŴ죬ѵ˽׽˳𣬾ķ
̫ϣŮ׽ǾͲ֪ˣŴ˽µH²֪٣Ҫ˵Ǽ򵥵㿪Щ
ͬͷӷǽ㿴ףұ䷶
ÿƮ죬Ů쳣У֪¶˺Щ
ӪУֹڴ̽Ϣ˶˽½ܿ죬ʤĳ仰˾֪
ӪرСԣȻġ
ʺ֪£ҧһ룬ʤ׵ܵܣȻԺʹôƫƫˣ
ҽԸġ
̫˵źΡֳһţòԸ̫ļͶء
Ҳˣ˺ķʽöԷԼڧɱģĪڴˡ
λӵ治ˣһӶûУϢȥҪס
ЩӵҶҪ˼λӷ˵ҲġլʤҪͷʹѡ
ʼʧҩǰ֮˺Ц޽Ҳβã°뱲עˡ

̫óʼҩˣ浴󳤹Ī˵λʰʥҲĳԸΡң
˲֪Ҳȥ֪̽Խ࣬ĻԽ٣ϴ˵
Ρֵʵ۷Ĳѣ鲻ѣϻʺ£ɫܵˮ
ҵ£ǴãǶӪʲôʵ鲻ơ
תֻλ䣬βͬΣ
ΡΰɡӿڣŸ˼ĳ׷ЯԳһأҲû˵һյļ鰺
ʵûˣѵƣɴҲȥԳΧ档ҪԶ֣ȥȦУһ׽
лͬһ˱Ӱ֪үϰżǲʵʵ䡣
ɿڣףϾŮңӣαǣЩ
һʱδ𣬴ӰûУףĺγǣԱ֮㡣
οӵǰòΪͣһΣա
޷֤Լʮʱ뱣Ҳ޷ƶ˵;⡣
ΣķκֹˣüӵиԱܷ֮ġ
лԳ˼òϣˡС̵ܽñ޶ΪܣѰ㣬Ѿ޶ˣүݣȻС
һңʵ¸үһ򵥴̶ܹȼүµĹ˼ɣˣļˡ
֪ۺ˽⵽Щ᲻ڲѣл΢΢һЦ 

ãֻӺֻӡ
Сѩף˫챦ʯɪɪβ͸ŷ
˳ë뵽ζʮ⣬ҪˢЩۣ㡣

Ǿǿ⼸ֻӿɰͽץϲһ뵽ľǳôȫЩŮ硭
ĬĬС治αı飬Ӧǣ֪Ըֺõķˡ
Ҳˡ
Χ˹䣬ջķᣬ׼뿪ʱˡ
ҪȥѰһģ֪˵ȥ˱𴦣ŶԳû뵽ֻϲҲ
߸ããһλİӡ
΢񣬡
ûˣ㻶챼ུ㣬ң
֪氡ñС򢣬װʱִĪľ£΢΢Ҳ˳˵˵ҲŶ
֣
ӱѰСУɫ죬Ϻúţֺŵζϣ˲뿿ø
򴽣ͷһֱߣ˼׽ȴˡ
òɫҡͷѡ浱ǸɵӣԼ粻׽ȥһý㡣
ݼѳޣжҲǺǰȡ˹Ϊ׸һλүϣ۰ŮӴƽơ
ıĺò֪ûǸʱ򣬵Ľѿ
Զ׽û
ߣ췴ûʲôýģҲһӦҪ׮µԭ
ôˣָ
รС㲻˵ҵָͿɱѽ
˼λֿɲͿˣǸʲôˣ
ҲûʲôãΪԼ׽Ϊδھǣܸϲʱ꺮ůá
չ۲úĴҲûö٣ƤЩܾҲЦӯӯϱȲϡ
̿ڣôˣзֱ汻ƭֻȽϱ
ٱҲǸѽ㲻˵
ڳˣԼڴ
üͷֱš黨仰ڳɹסǸӣչɻɣټƵ
µشⷬɫ任ĵٱֵòںãͱ׽ʱǰڳһų
Сﵹɵÿɰö࣬һλã״ȻʵĻֺǡ
ʼǵãλȹǵִҪλΪ˭֪вСԵ
̾һǰλϡ
˵޸һȢСŮϱ򸴺󰡡
ĿͣȴЩš˶Ժʵ뷨Ҳϣλδ״ԪɻվݼǱߡ
Ƕûʲô֮ɲǣ˰գ
лҪ˵ֻһ¹


045

ôǡ
ǰʱ, дֹУδлԼƯСȻΪ˸Ƕķ, ϰٸҲ˼
˵۾, ǲίԼ, ȻȻȥ׷ˡ
ʵ͵Ϳ̾Ǹˡ
, ˶϶ȣִ˿ټˬ, ĸ˲ϲ

ʺȻЦ, ˵õҲ, ѩɰ鴿棬ԸΪٵȼꡣ
ɨ, ˱꣬ٻ, ˵
ʲ˵ˣö˶˱һ١˾Ҫ, Զ겻ߵúܣƫڳ
ñη壬׽
Ըͼһ˼, ƫƫϲ˲֪ճ˰
޼һ·ֻܵҰͲ˸ӣĶﶼ׽Ǽ֣ͨͨͣסƻð
˱˭ǷӣʰЦ˳ˣû뵽Ҳܿѽա
ܹСôʲôˣأ
Ըô澪һͲӰˣҲû˵
Ĵս˵ԸǺĸ͵͵Լȥˡ
ţôԳ⼣󣬵˷ˡ
ϣݼԻûƯԼᣬߵץ׳ˡ
֪һ˯Լîʱͱץ׳ݼԱ߲ѣҾͲ鰡ֻ뵱ط竣׬ã
̫΢飬ط竣˭˵ġ
ϻЦ԰ҲǱ飬ֻ໭Щˡ
ݼƣԼдķ֣βã֪ģ
ндôнô̫뷴ʣǲ񻭻һ㣬ġζѡ
ݼġô
ҲҲ̫һֻΣ⣬ʵǳͬ
ߣӣ̫㿴֣Ƿձʻ⣬һҪٴΣ
أ±ʿ˼⣿ˣõĻǸɫʻ棬һôʵΪʻѰ˶ˡ
̫۾ϹƣݼܾԾֲ֪ηΪȷں޸ġɶҲ֪
มӦһƽˣûôִģΪҪ
㲻˵һͼô̫ЦĴô˼ЩҵõġԼһǰΪ˻˭ܱȵù㣿
Ŷݼ˫ڿء
̫ˡݼϷʣǣ㲻ǽô
ɵӡ̫޿Դ˭˵ֻ̡顯ģͨգЩҪԡ
ݼԲ˼ЦҴˡ
̫ЦҡͷݼԼкɸֵ̾мϲļ
˵ݼԽҪͽ뷨ơ
ⷢСӵ츳ȷѧһ㣬ʵи˷ĲܡĿ
ȹĿͬݼԿ֮֮£̧ʾԭⲻд
ʼӵܽж֪ĿʵܱĲܣǺѵõ츳ݼЩͬԼá
ѹΣѧԺҲĽ˷ݼܣԼҲʲףƺǶô˲õı¡
̫ȴ츳壬̵õǸ˲Ű
̫£̹ĵӲ֪Ҫ˺úϢˣ˭֪ݼԱ¡
̫ס
˺ĵã֪ݼԲͬעѧɺѧԼ辶ȥ
ⲻͱơȣɹˡ
ʱգ̫ţӦǸɫĵӡ
δԸ˻ᣬԽһ˽ݼԣͷȥݸ
ݼԲ֪ԼӼͷ̵ʱü̵غ磬С
һͷҲ˼͸ʲôأ
̥ϸ˵治ͬһ졣˷ֱʱǰȻҲաͬǣÿ굽ʱ̣˶ΪԷڿ˼
ݼԲϲ飬ʶò࣬ϲ˼ã뵽ǰЩüصӵܣ㵱竣ҲҪи竡
ȥλдΪֳдһġ竴¡ٶһȡͶΡ
μ䣬ѾЯ˴ԳΧתأ˲С
ӪڵķΧѾЩϾǵżҲֻлʺǱߵˣдǱŰԵ̬ȡ
ȥλԼսעЩûôע⡣
һҪȥˣǱ߶˸һ
̵ʺ롣
ͬԳĿ£޷پˡ


046

ߵ˲, ȥѰҪЩʱ䡣
ڻʺɫѣһҹδ˯Ѿ˼ΡҵĹϵЧ΢
Ҳŭ, صͬܵ, һ˺ˡ̫ࡱ, ⣬˶л
ƫƫҹ, Ƴ̫Ŀһֱ˸֮±, Ȼ顣
ȲܶҲ, ǰϢͬʺ˱˴֪֪, һִ˳ư̫ҧô죿
ŭϣʱɲʲôŮ, ڸУ̳ĵճȻҪġ
˵һд, μҲܺλʺѣ϶ǲ
ʺ뵽ȥѰ, Լ˲Уѵǳһô
һ뵽ģ
, λϾѰ
ʺܿںתɫܵԼᣬĸµĿݡ
ǰЩЩδܽ⿪һʺ׼ѭ򽥽ҲӲδȫԳ̫Ӵȥ̽ı⡣ˣЩɻãĻֻܼȥ񸮵ǼǱǡ
ȷ󹻡˼ֻһƥƲ˼ѣɫҲ١
ʺЦ΢ͳҲͽʮƥΪʺƥɫƯģʹͳһƥͺܲˣҪ
ƥϲع˸ȥ
ллƴ᣻ʮƯ˱㹻ˡ
ʺЦû˼¡
ƥ篶ѣʲô֮ջʹҪʲôʲô
ٲȻǲƴֵģգգۣϵ
Ȼ˵˼󣬻ʺһתõǸ˵ģϧЩܣٳٲð
ΪΣʣүΪôãԶܣѵʲôԲү𣿡
᲻˵ʺʵҭס˵˵㣡
£һЩСˡʺŬֻӾ󣬶ҲͣһУǱãҲʱѰŵط
Щ꣬޳в൯ѹ¡ǱҲɾѹֻٲڸģΪʱ
¶¶̬֮ƺš
ϧ˵ãһʱԧסȻò飬иõĹޡ
һҲͬš
ʺʾÿÿ뵽㣬¶ΪÿϧǶԲס㡣
ԣΪʺ󲻿ܶΪļ˵ЩȨҼ̸ģҪЧҪӡʺĵ׿ͻʶδӹͻʵһ㡢С
̸ⷬΪ档Ͳֱ˵Һͱ¶ϲģΣǶΪһٻ
ûֻеʺﰵ˵˲ȱȱˡ
Ҫ˭׽ֱܷġ
ʺ󽥽˵ص㣬˵Ҳܳɻ֪ܴ࣬أ
ͦѽүÿնҡ
Ŷ˵ܰնڸУȥأ
֪㼫ү̫ˣÿ齶ʱҲ֪ʱġ
ʺֹס˿ԣ̲ס룬Ǹ
С̸ȻͰܲס
ɵȷʵǸæˡ
˵ԳƺҲûÿвʲôԣʺ˵μҲЩСᡭ
ȻڰʾˣȴеͷʣΪʲôǶү᣿
Ტôײġ
ȻǸֻԵɺˡʺ˵˵ţʵ˵ȥǰŮôףҲԺôİʾô죿
ˣʺ˿
ǾСүˡ
ǳʤͷⲽĻô
Ůֻ֤ǱǣĻˡʤǿŭûеʲôɷ˵©죬֪Լ޷˵Ѫʹȥ
ɪɪ޷ͣɴʻʺ
ʺռ³Ա̫ӵ⣬ֺڹҲ١
˵Ǽն׾ͱжĹǼ˿֪Ůôûģûͻʺ𣬷˳ưˮõϡ
һŮӱк˻ȥǰã㱻ĻɸӲŰݡ
һѾŰ֤ݡ
û׳ʺȻҷ̸˻⼸աûʱӰƢҲ֪ҲҶ˵
кβ˵ġʤһ仰ڣ˵ɷģ
裬ûкȣֻƿᴵƮˮĲҶɼˡȻλһڣһûѱӶȥ
㡭ʤƽƽҪʣͱͻȻվŮҲŪסˡ
Ҫʲô
Ů첽ߣӭײʺ󣬼ͬʱ£ãǡ
е㣬˵꣬üͷ֮һƤһֱֱ˹ȥɵ̺ϡ
С֮Уӣôˣ
ʺ󣺡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
źú˵Żأת۾˹ȥʺ󶼲šǲ̫ҽҲд󣬲Ȼڻ赹Ǽ˵¡
̺ϵģͦˣûһ˿Ѫɫ׵Ľ͸žͲ
̫ҽӳʤǶͷǡͼͬŶһҹδ˯սľΪԴʱҪأΪ˿ɡ
ҷܣ̰ѲΡΡִȥü˼
󡭡˵õúܰŮӵкܼ˽һСëûеˣɼλСͱüãӺð
ԣЩĻ´̫ҽ˵һëûȴˣԵҽ
Ƴʺһ˼ʤʮֲ͵ģ̫ҽһϸ
ϸ֮£ܷԾģ⡢ȷʵϳҪЩʮͣЩ֮С
ʲô
̫ҽջ֣ߵ߶أػʺغүǻϲ˰Ӧˡ
ϲˣ˾һ𾪣ԡеļ
֪Ҳ֪ϲʲô˼ãѵ˲õı£һ˾ˣ
ǻԶҪԲУүһֱֻͬ齶ѡ
ʺ𾪹΢ɼϲɫȷǴϲ£ڵӣҲˣˣͣͣ
ʱܱɱͷͣ쵽صĲ̫ҽѣѣסлֱֽͣŻƮġ
һֵɲٻȥ˵ĥˡ
ʺ˰ѼƵ˴ϣǸػеϱĺɩɩ˱ණóԺúź
̶һڣӪضкЩ֪С
ҹﻹ㶣룺ԭˣֲòҴҲ̫ͻ´εõŵǸǡ
̫ѶҲԼĸˣʮĵشⱼֱ
ʺڣֻһȺ澷ңȫΧڼߣ󱳣гСģò
ŵģм˾ڣǸõ㲢ֻãɫζȫ˴ߡ
̫𾪵ؿżֿ꣬ѿڶ֮ˣǲܳĶ𣿡
סӾǶϲ£ˮʹΣȻ£Щģ죬ߡ
ٲ̲סˡ
̫Ȼˣôִ⣬Ͻȫ嵭ģ
̣˵ú̫Ƶġ
Ϊѣ׵ģ̫ϾЩСλɫȥˡ
һⶼûţתۼɿڵȫСˣһǶţۿɼٶȥ
̫̫qaq
ǲ̫ܵӺʣ;УضúܣҲ̫֪ˡ
ʱ£ʱǶҹеġ
ţ̫ӾˣеС˼أתۼ콵ʯݹȻϲˣ
̫Ȼϲλ壬ԼһûеģԶĵûôᣬػúܣ֪ߣΪҪˡ
̫Ӵ֮ʣڴ󲽸һ·յ˸ֵֹһĮȻ֮
ʵе㲻ͬѰԾ
̤˲䣬˳ϲϲүϲˣ
лҪ˵±ưǸոˢŷѾԸˣ˸¹޸ԼĴӴԺҪշأǵĲԺҪ޸ݻǼץ滹ȸǮˣ
˲ûֵ飬ȷ

047

ôһ˲, ΪϴˣпհסЩ֮ڱʾָĵȷɡ
΢ЩȺǴļ
ܲôүɶʮ, к, ɲ˸ˡ
, ײϼĿ⣬ɫѲ, ̫ڣź
үͰ, һڶȲ¡
֪, ɴ˵ԼûзӦΪ, ʶͷˡ
ˣһӦָҪññӣԼС, Ӧû뷨
ô£
ˣ̫˿㣬˫ӵ, ƫƫθڲãʲôҲ, ôܵˡ
Щֶ
Ӳס˹СȻȥ
ţͷ, ҪȥԿȡ
ǻʺ뿪̫ǸĴģ־͵ȥգҪúţвɲԶ²
ЦƳۣĵۿٱ飬̫ʵڲۺˣһαһݶֻ̫дż
ܻʺ󵱳ʱʲôóԵİա
˿뿪סʣʣô£
ֻ˼ʱҪˡ
Ҳ֪޹ѻʺȥ̸ݸ˱飬赹̫ҽϲĳһãȻ
²⣬ѵҲԸүģ
ʲôıҪΪУ˼ð뷨
ʺӦ£ܸ˵ģҲ÷
δԲҲͱƭˡ
˼꣬ף£ǾʱӦ¡
ֻװжѣûôѡ
ӦСʣǣЩҵܲܳԣ
ʵȱЩ顣
򳣼ʵ̿ͷԵģк˿ζŹֵúܣҪԲҲû˾֡
ʱÿԴҪʲôʲôԶŬ쵽ҪԽԽ֣ǳʲôϵǺˮݡܾȣԽԽϰΪˡ
ⷽ棬ӵ̫ķȨܽ
׼ˣ޹˼ɡ
ᣬݼһӵϢǲ֪롣
ˣݲ૵ðγ彣Ӧ³ס
˱ңңҪȥѰƴݲǻߡ
ǿŷʮ»̥ѧô󣬾ҪΪһˣ
ݡޡ
һĺݺŮݲ³ǿѹ²һתؿ
޵ú󣬻ѧСã۵ġ³ͷ۲ѣһĿ棬һСӸҹ
׼ݼԶס㬻ڣͬһȥƴ
³ϱ⸸øζۣ󲻽ŶׯĹˣƻ
ɲȥ¡
ɴѰ⸸Աһ߰߾棬һʱ˭͵͵ү͹˰Ȱ˭ϰҹ
澻һ£˵ӲʳԣǾȥۻ롣
³ϷˣȥѰŮ
ûѰˣһʣȥι³ϡ棬ɢְԸȥιˣ
ȼ֪𰸡ʵƯѩƤë㣬Ƕһ㣬Ư磬ĸŮϲ
񡣡̫ƯˣҽβϼëȥҺëʣòãǣ˵Ӧˡ
˵꣬죬涪һǡ
ˣ
ˣ͵ûүҲ޶أȡ
ӦŶգۣΪȷβƷʣü
̧֣еƨһ쬵ģΣϮȻ˻תͷ߶ȥ
òҲˤһʱûֹΪëУӾ͸ȥ
ܵò죬׷
Уһиڼɵ׷һƥŵĿɿڴҴ
³ϲûȥ˶ôоԽԽˣȻȥ׷
˵ǣԲࡣ
ڼӵ˲䣬Ѹǰ̤˼ͷգ۵˰ߡ
̧һߣߵóʹһԣ˳ƻѱܵС§˻У
һˮĶҲ֮䡣
Χ˵ĸ߸ط£̼ˡ
³ϼҲҪѧݲúõģǰָͷŭ㡪
˰죬ŮˮɨĿӲһֶûɫ죬ֻĳһ䣬үڣ£
׷˲䣬ûô࣬ΪʶоֻںԼСƢعԼиݣĿҲ֪Լ˴£ʵѵҴˡ
ûƫ̻ⲻ֪Ҳ©һ˲񣬿³žһѡ
³˵꣬үҲҪڱ㲻˵ӣǸúúôˣȻ´λ֪Ҫʲô
Խ󣬻ˣôԽԽأ
һ㶣û뵽¡
ĸߴٵ˼Σ̧ԼļԴϡᡢ¡
ұˡ
³ϣëһڽѵ˭
ûҪ´
лҪ˵

048

³Ȼǵ, Ůǰȥ̽Ϣһʲô塢ᡢ顢ר֮ĻҪжûġ
ǻǣ˳ӻԿ, һֱСЩ⡣
Ȼڡ
Ǹб塢ᡢŮأ
³ϼֱûۿ
۲Զ, , 㵱ˣ
ɫ΢ɲ, ת룬Լ, ϶ٽѵ 
˵ͷ, û̫ҽ˵, Ѿˡ
࡭³ĥ£ⲻǸճɻǼա
ѵջźôԲˣ
³ŮתһȦ, ôôأ
ɫ³, кΣǲʱ
šͷ
ǲǺ, ҹ˯Ҳ˯ţʹľ
ͷ
ʳϣǴⲻʳ, ԽǻԽã
񸽺͡
ˣ뵽̫Ӻͳֱ˵Ļеˣζİ
Ĺˣ˵ÿ϶ԡ
˳㣬³ۺŮѻ˶С
֪ΪҪװУԼ⣬ܹӦԼ㲻к
Ϊһ׽ĸǵһ֪߱ȽϺá
ȷʵȽ࣬ҪСӡ
³˵һ£˾˵Ǽýվ뿪ǣ֪£
š֪ɣȷգۣȻȻ뵽λǰĲ
ҪȻطأټ¡
ˣ׽ȻҪΪۺĶ
ô˵үѾ;˾ͨ׼õǰˣ
ʲôд֪³ϺɣеɽӱԽŮ£ҪĴ¶ϡ
ү˵ô
ү˵ʲôõѽʵûԼ͸¶ʲôռӱգУⷬ˼
³ŮСģ֪ûиµϾͼѡ
Թ췴߲٣ܳɹ߲٣㲻϶ࡣ³ϲ֪Щеֻ֣ŮΣ
˼ǣǾȥСһʱաȻѾˣǾͲʺٴһߣ³ϵȥү顣
һߡеģзɺദʮļ˱϶
ĳ̶ֳϣҲˣܽЩ
ҪӦ֮ʣкȻһЩ棬ˡ
͵ߣҵʱүһ
ΪΣ³Ȼ
˵һѽҶүɻ
˵⻰ʱģȴһֲС
˲־ͣҳˡ

ӪУʤ˺һ̫ҽ˶ۣۼʤҪᵶӸˣûãλŭͲ֪˭һȫйˡ
ʵԣСɰǰӣĶЦҲúҾѡȻûеӣ޵ɲֹһӰӲˣǾͻһ
ܹˣþôһ˵ӺǮӰң˶֪ôѡ
ʥ˾䣬ʣǽҹҪٰ᣿
һҹȡˣʤͣЩܲ˻ҵ¡
ʵףȥգаǺúĪҪ˷˻ᡣ
Ǳأ
޾Ͳȥˡʵ۴½ţʮ緢ˣҪЪϢ
ܹ⣬ڶ๬澃˳ʣΨʵһˣڼž˼
⼸ҹ˯òãʱ¡
ʮصƳУܽĵ£Ҳֻô
ǳȼգ£۽ǣûʵۼҹ뾪ѡʧʱиĻԻرܡп
˼Σ߽һƬ䡣
ҹУʵۼǸŮȥˣһζ˳Դ
ҹһζȹأǷҲ
ʵּǹһˣУиС
ܽܽʵૣҪòϣڵ֪ʺıôһ˲ɡ
Ǹӣȷעǻʼ֮ܣԲܴȥʺССĥһܽ
Ⱥûˣվѵʺһ٣ʱܽѴһذ
ûȵ֣ͱ˾ˣСʵҲֻ뿪
һȥգһηԼ
κʵü룬ʵ벻ԼôֺùԷ
ΪǺᣬܿݣʲô
ö֮޼ɵҲȥ
ڻʺǶʵżҪƢΪվźμҡܽǶ˿Σϲ÷ŭӰ㷢й
˵ͺ񣬴û˽ϲãϲʲôʲôʲôͳͳ֪
Խ˼ʵ۾ԽĻţһʱã
лҪ˵

049

ڻʵ۵Ĳ֪, ɽÿöࡣ
˸Ҳ޾ÿڵ㡢˯н棬úòڡ
ͼʱǰ, տϷ˺ͻ
Ŷ˽Ϣ, Яһڸǰ, վ˽һӲңңӰ
Сڵ˳ȥֱ常㡱ĳƺ, ƫǶ˶Ӧˡ
ֱ˻һ, һ, ɲǰ޹˼ˡٺãСҲ
ߵ, ٲȻѾСеĺӵδӶԴ
ɽһ㶣ɩˣˣ 
ִ, ˡ
ܼЦӯӯȣȻϢ, ƽⲻ֪ǰոյϢʱ, ǶΪܼҷˡ
˵öԣūѾλоĸˣʹڸרְտ
ܼ˵Ƶ, ˣֶһ
˵Ѿ㳶˵һҪѻȥȻ׼ܺա
ûܾܼҺ⣬ӦԺʲôҪүУȻҪ߶
ֵܼүˣöտΣ֮£ŲС
ˣ·ҲɲððȻ̤ȥ
ܼҵĻЩ£òַڼ䣬ٲȻǻ͵̬Щ
Ĳ൱ٶţһȺˡ
΢㣬ܼҺҪָ
ɽ˼ֱĿɿڴҲδ̫Сģת룬ͲӣܼЩҲΪ
Ͱ͵Сǣ˼֣ʼƺ⣬ʲô˵ˡ
ɽˣ⺢ʧ䣬ѰúȰο¡ȻԺ̷ЩҲſڼȱˣ㣬𣿡
šţصúܳء
𣿡żСۺڴһҲйʧģ
ǰɡҲ庬еĲɡ
һ·ܼ˵ʲôʳûֲֻԤС
ЩóԵģᶼ˰ɣǼҪһµ
֪ǼٻеģֻмˣСͰӶŪ˹ȥ߻˿Դڻ
صһиҲ̫˰ɡ
յС¹΢һʮֶĵǣȥһĿ⣬ȥѰܼҡ
ΪʳȥܼˣүôôµȥĳСүܸź֣еŮӼɿڶ࣬ǰ϶Ҫ̲ΪءүģĳնܺãԲڡ
ΪأҪ˼ζ
ȷҪһⲻĨᣬҲʮӰġܼ뵽㣬ǿǿӦˣūȥԸүҪ¿ɲ⡣
š
Ĳͺͼһء˶û뵽һٵУı仯
ǻ̫򵥡
ʱ˰Ӳ˰̲ģǿ˳Ŀζ˵ϵģڰɡ
Źqaq
Ǻٷʳ֪ζһιģԼʵ²Ǹ֡
һӲȴоʲôûţץӷεضһֱ
˼£ҲʵΪܼˣȥ¥͵͵˼
˿ɸڻΪڣԼЪĽˣԼϡ
źţŪȥˡ
ҹ˸ˮ裬ſ׼ɣ˲֪ʱᲽţƱһҹв˾ް
һ£̾ͱֲݾܾ
СӴſſ»
ԣ֮ǲԣżƽɣҲ̫ʱģɺãзϰߣʱ̿ŲС


˰ģѱ˵û⣬޿ο
ȻⱧƺҲ㡣
סˣֵУͬˣүӦ֪ա
ӣһԡ
ٽӵʵڵūǱȥʰʰƫүЪǶ
ܼһͬٲȻĶ
̲סһ¾ʹϷɱǵС
ҺүҪ˯һȻ˯šСǿӲתֿҹߣҲӰ塣
죬ᣬͼ䲻ס顣
ܼȻ֧֣ĿʾȻϣȰ
أû˳಻ޣܼǣһտ
˵գ˾ȥˡ
ʱʵ̲ס޷һҧ羱ίˮ
⡰Сӣʵ̫ˣ
лҪ˵

050

û, ʺǶ븣ɽعˡ
ʺһա
Ůٵʺ빬СסУоֶ࣬Ҳû̵ܽЩ, ʵڷĲ¡
, һӦǾܾ, ĿɨŮɫߵˣת˿, ѽ᲻øɽá
ŮЦӯӯ, , ʺҲǼͳԵǶ᲻÷ֿ
, еĻСأʺδһͬٺòˡ 
ܷءҲգ, յƤŪҵĻ, 㲻ȥˣҲ
Ůټǵ, СƺɣôСĺӣһƤҪ⵱˺˺
䵭ƽնǲôĵġ
ȻС, ǿɶǵãγ谮񡭡ҲǸСһ
ȻСз࣬ƺҲûʲôáŮ˼⣬Уһ͹ˡ
Ŀ¶źˣҲֻȰˡС׵ƤǸúúù
˼仰㶨渣ɽһعḁ̇̄Ҳ
ܼɫȣʵнɲԼʱ빬Ǻ¡˼ΪնˣСʱ̴ΣС
ףܼգգۣȡʱ˳ְֽܼС
ܼ̯һֻмһɷ֡үġ
ӴСһȥ˹ɽүôܷġܼҲûܷµǣˡ
ֻ츳¶̫磬˿϶ʱҪ䲻ⶼѡ
㣬ܼҶ룬ۺ˾ûôѼֵڹСǿһңҲҲסˡ
빬У͸ɽһݼ˻ʺ
ʺһλУȥ쳣Уɽ뿪ôãͱ¶˼ＸλСء
ɽЦЦɩͶԵãҲǻɩ٣ֻ¸ɽҪֲ˼ˡ
˵ţɽԴԥعе˵ȥԳǶ⣬֪ӿɻãġ
ʺЦ⽥븣ɽĺĺǰԵӣô˻Ծܲǹ˵ͼʺ
һ⣬ʺ˼˼ȥɽɫȻ˳浾ģʲôǿַŻ˶С
Ǽ¶δɹɽô뵽ġ
ҥ԰ˡʺ󵭵ֻЩƤˣҲ֪ĸ˼ݶ֮ˣб֪Ҫϳʹˣ
ɽͼ߶аЦʤӲ˵Ϣǣʺ˵ʲô˼һ߲Ҳ㲻ϡ
˰ﴫʲôıǺμҿ̫࣬ǱӦ
ᵽ⣬ʺµֱʹһЩڷǸˡ
빬Ȼ븣ɽͬסɽΪӻʳһǣ¥鿣޲ݻɢŻƽϢ
СŮòʳ˼̻𣬼һ۱㰮ľɫ
ʱϦɢϣݶȼһһػ췱˲ɶ㡣
޵
ɽȻģȻΪôʹһӪӪıȡΪܹռľɫ
渶ľɫǻʹѰġȵժ¥㻹ʳǣÿÿ¥ÿǽȺϢ
Ц峿վǶɿʳǶǽɫģʱٸߣҲеһ˿һ䡣
ɽᣬʱʫһ㣬ĳãֻڻС 
ƺȷˡվȨƵĶ塪ʳ¥¾У۵ףʱۿãеᷳ뵡ȡ
ʣ˭ֵܵջ
ʶԼһʱп˵öˣɽʧЦң˵ЩȤġɩҴȥƫɻȱʲôСסһʱء
ˣǳӣϴˣؿɵúúóգԻϲ
ᵽʳ˲˾ĥգ˶Ҫˣգ۵Ե𣿡
ɽ˼Ҫɿڣɩȵ㣬õģҾǶ
ԣĵüֱҪƲס֮飬ֱ˱ɽϲɽˡ
ɽ΢ϸֺΣһҡҲϲɩġ
ػʹһλŮҿܾùֵֹģ빬Щӣƺʲô˵¡

ɽΪʮ˸飬Ӳ߶Ƶʱ򣬿طʱ΢΢üסС
¡ŮǲҪҪ̫ҽС
áɽܾˣ֪Լӣǿֻ߶Щ۶ѡҲء
˵̥ɽɫЩʻɫʣôƢǲС
ŮЦĵ˶صԶԶģ»˹ԺҪܼɵĳϾͶ࣬ܲڡ
ˡɽ̧ɩӵǺãʱҪСĵʱ򣬵ɩûйκβء
̽ͣΪҺүԣ
˫Ծ𴦿Ȼı֣ɽ㣬𾪰Σૣ֣ʱҲڲͬ
ڸɽУھиһȻȤͼк֡ȻֻǱȡС໰Ӳ֧֧ᣬɴԱһۣѽ
ɽסĵҲŲ˯ȥߴߣɩл
š
徲ˣϾȥսһ¡Ҳóλʺ򵥣ϸ˼ãԻʺ˵Ҳǣˡ
ѵѾ֪ү𣿼ֵ룬ȻôͻȻ뵽
šǲǱʣ
أԳ˼£ǵСԿʵ벻õġ
ҿǷӦ죬ûûҲߡ
ԼһԼڹڵ෴̵˶ţͿʼڹڶ޵ĵһҹ
ʳһʱˬ죬ȵ˯˾͡
ҹˣȻδϣշת޷ΣŴ·ʼ˼
ϰߣ治ãպүҪ˯ˡ
ڼ͵ʱ˯ܣĬĬʼ
һǧֻʱ߷߰һӣϥĬĬˡ
qaq֪ʹһүˣҲߡ
Ьߵ߰Уڷ࣬΢ģѩɫҹɫԣմ¹Ʈ˼ӡ
ҲΪ˼ϢͶӰߴĬ
֪Ƭɫã΢ŵʧ̾
Ϊ̾ͻĵͳü˫ĿԲܿ죬ʶ󣬻һϣүúÿ졣
֪Ҫʡ
ԴүȻһڹˡ
ȻĻ΢΢ﴽ֪ʱʮϲźֹˡ
ٶ࣬ܵȻ޴档
ҵȷġ㲻Ӧ£ΥҲûô
ү϶а취ǣǹؼʱڡξܾˣ´ǻķѽѣҲûôѵġ
΢΢ĬĻٹʮңɽͻö񼲣Ȼգһ뿪
Ҫ𣿼棬׻лǣѾźˣ
šòϣ빬תߣٻϷ뾩㰲ȫˡ
ۺҲΪеҲһ
Чȷһ֪ԼС˿ȫͬ
գһ˽ϸ֪ɽ
ͷɽѡ뿪ʹܹܿʵȻá
Ҫڹдʮա̧ף˫ģһ
ú磬֪޷ޣȻΪϣÿҹߡ
ȻвµϻǵɫţΣ
үӦһ󡣡Ͽҵ
ɡ
һû˵ʲôأүӦúÿ졣
ⲢӰʲôɿүÿսһ㵱մߣҾͲõ˯

ʱ·ֹһ˲濴ȥ𣿡
ɡһֻش˵ޱȻ
лҪ˵һ㶼⣺

ллСʹӵĵX4Ʒ

051

ҹ, ҲûֻߣȻš
ҹ֪ģ͵˯, ʱҲûҪļ
ɽͬ, ΢ô, ѾʮȻȥһ, ֪Сɩ۶û˵к, ɩҲ˯̫, ʲôɣ
·ģʱ˵, ˯˲ĲСڡ
ɽײȫģڲ쿴ûƼ, ҵ˵Ů˯ðڡ
˻, ɽһЦĮģ, ȴɩǰƹиǳ;쳣ܰ
ţԼҲܿͷ, һʱҲʲô齱߾ٶ˯ʹͬ˯ͬһѡ
 
ͣתѣо߸ůһģ鲻Խ˲䣬˶˽ȥ
ȵȣģ£ãۣźɫײ֮ԭǹ⻬˿
ҹѵΣεɽ
ֻڼйôһ˲ͱ£˳Ʊøˡ
ԭŮôغۣСһȥĶܿѸɽѡ
ɽԼǵ˯ǰ֮£ƳڻѵŮʱʧЦɩôͻһģ
ɽǶһ˯ô
һ˯ɽе㶯ģҡҡͷ˯಻ãһɩͲˡ
ΪԹ˼ɣת뵽ʵʵˣвСʲôҲȷʵã뷨
ڸɽд˻ĥˡ
ϴڼ䣬ɽһֱĵصȴ΢䣬һʮȻˣΪʲôʵۻ᲻ᣬ̲סռУΪʵ̫˰ˡ
ɽ˵İĺүͬʣֻҪԵһ֣κ˶᲻á
أ˻ûױ泯ȥ磨磩š
ʳǵļøǧԼĪȵ̫ϲֵķ羰Ը䶼˲ͬڵĻݣһۣǳɫ
תʱڣᱡɴ£ʽ޷ȣȴһַ羰ˡ
͸ɽڳرԶԶżСǶ׽Բأģѩɰ
ɰ𣿡ɽʡ
š
׳ڻʹվȨģأһ͡˵ķգעӵУһ㡣ɽĿеȻҲˣܲð紵΢һۣǶԣ֮֡
˿续԰Ȼ뵽ºеķʱΪڷ絲ꡣ
ʹҲ˺ЩСǵ³עá
δ˵ڵĻ΢΢ȶһԡ
ɽҲֻһпˣΪǵã궫ʧͻʺĸǳͻĶУ˶޹ĺӡ
ΪѪծѪ֮ˣûʸС
ѾӱҪֻһ뿪пǽ飬λȥҪʲô
뿪ʱһȻ˺üۣȴСЦգǲ֪ģ
ξУһֱһȴ·Ƽޱȡ
|ɹûиеôˣɫ˺ĺ¡ñǰлȼգʱЩѾϨ𣬷·Ҳûʲô
ĸסֳԼһһȥĽӲʯͷ
֮֮
޷ᣬֻҪֳ˾˵˶뿪ʹܿһˡ
ʶͲںȻܡ
Ȼеѹȥֱҹ˯ʱֶá
Ȼ֪Լ˱ܹ˶ٻûɽעǳС磬Ҳڴ˴α빬޷һ纮̫ˡ
ʹüö뵽Լһ֮٣ôࡣ
ãԼƺﲻүʲô᲻
ʮٲȻҪΪǽϾӵˣʣôˣ
ڹ۸ڹò
ҡҡͷ̧ԥʣүǲûʲôã
ɲŵ˵Ļ
ĬƬ̣ããй壿
Ϊϻ۾סŻºʰĳˣҪ˵ãֳλǰСõˣжϲֵʲô³
ʲ¼ɣֵܰһţΪһõעˣ˭뵱
õĻ΢ؤҲԼôۣ
ԣҪϲ㹻ˡ
ȻЩظˣü˽С
ܿץص㣬˫ү˼ǣҶҪ𣿡
΢һۣŵ˵ͷ
ǰ̹ȻԼǲܵġ
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үһҰɡ˵
ţ
ЦݣɫޱȣңүʹӦ뾩֮ǰһҪȰѻϷ˴ߡ
֪ΪʲôûȻԤףӦѡ
ΪĴҲǵqaq
Īе飬ԼûҪζǲݡ
΢Ѳã˰š
šţͷˣǾû
ֻҪϷ˶ܰȫţǰһٱǸģ
ûв²ֻڹ⼸ټˣд٣ܾܱܡ
šӦøɴޱȣҲۺһÿȻƯĸɽߺá
ҪǣɽүҪѽӲ
뵽˻ץԼ䣬ÿڸɽĻܹ͢ʳҸˡ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ʮվеʵˡ
ּҲģ׼˯ʱȻɫһ䣬СüΪˡ
Ӱ죬Ҳأ쿴ûвԣô
ƺɿգۣ˼ССģǸȣ
ͷˮ͵ٵ͵Ľ׹˿ˮ
Ůˮûʲô˵ģǣڼǸи
һʱ֪˵ʲô
ҪʲôȷӦ
ڼĶһԶ˸飬ЩȻУܹð
ԼСڴţЩѹȥȥһ̡
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һڰС߶Ҫز£ϰ֮໹еʸУĳҹСʱ˵ʯ쾪һ䣬ү͵飿
е 
Ȼ, ⻰ʵ
ԼС, Ҫȷʱ, ǰݹõķޣֲá
šɵͷ, ΢΢Ľë뷨ˡ
룬־Ҳûʲô, ˽»״Щ, ˣûپ
, У˵Ļദʱûڶࡣ˵ۺǵĬһǧ, ģʮ̹Ȼض˵ЩС, ζٲȻһ㡣
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǸЦ
ȵ˸ɽ׼õ, Ϳʼˡ
Ǹɽͼͬ岻ʣ, 渹ۣ̫ҽ
ʵ֪ɽУȻɱ̫ҽȥȥֻΪЧҵĳ̫ҽ
̫ҽһ쿴޵Χ𣬻ȥͺ乵˰㣬ĺɻػڵ㣬ԳްеŮӶԣ˼лСҹ£ʧķҲǲܡ
Ҳˣ
̫ҽһ㶣֪⣬״ͼҴҸˣδüΪУһԭ򡣡
ʵףĿɶԸɽֵܹˣ˻ʺ󣬻˭
ȥﳤЩԵɡ
̫ҽܶӦȥˡ
ʵԭλ˼Ƭ̣վ಻סŭᲽȥ˻ʺ޹
ձ˱ۺִһأٻڻʵ۳ȥʱϻŲʡʺҲãŶԿã̫ѶȥοŽת
ɽôŮֽŲõرȻһЦôˣ
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ɽȫйأûң£ǶˡվҪ˵ġ
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鲢ûۺִպ󣬸ɽˮȻֻǳǳĺɻأҲһ󲡡
ʵûȥѰʺһϿμҵԽԽˡ
ԥãһҹ˾ȥ̽ɽȴŮ⣬˵㲣ݲʥ
ʵ۶ݣ븣ɽãαںЩ
ԭ»ǵãԼء
ŮЦЦ¼֣£ĪҪΪūˡ
ɽԸʵʶʵ˲ʧԼҲʶʹ
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ɽǷˣˣĻ𣿻ǣģ
ʵǣȴǿȥøɽúϢ
ȻҲû˻ᡣ
ҹɽ޹ˮӳ˰գÿ˵ݶ棬оţгĬĸˣġ
أأʵѶͷĺˮǱˣǸմˮ̳
ֳסһ̣ȳûӦ°գ
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ȼ˶һǰ֣ʵ֪ȥⳡҲΪڶʡ
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ˮͰ˽ȥٶ֮һ㤣ȫû뵽»
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ÿʵۿƺһ𣬾ɽһ̵ƽҪлɽѣΪֳӲ˺һȥûҵˣ˭Ҳ
⵹û⣬ǣǱôܽȥء
˼תȴûס˿ʢĻʵۡջǽͳԥŵӴӱƹȥһֵ˻ʵۡ
ӭڶ¾Ŀ⣬ͳͱˮʪ·Ըȥҳ¡
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Կọ̈̄ͷһصĽ䡣
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֪ʵΪ˸ɽͼʱʺܴһ, Ȼ
ȻԸɽġ
ʺ󲻽, Լڴ, λ᲻һԼ
Ƿ񶨡
̫ڴ˴, ͻȻʺסĸҲס, ĸ𣿡
ĸô˱, ôᱻס̫֡
ĸ˵
Ҳ̫ܰһĥ, һĸĪڰʾߵź򲻾ģ
ʺֱ⵹ù, ˼鶼òҪĴ𰸣ֱ, ׯصģ̫һĵĸǲǱɽĸ, ̼⣿
ָָ̫Դ
ʺ󣺡ǵСӸճʱֱһģ
С˳һҲ˵Щûء
̫ӻȻ, Ŷһ˵˻ʺĻ
ȻʺҲûжôˣ
¡ͳҴҸͷ󺹣£ƺҵˡ
ҵҵʲôƺ̫һšüĪ⹬ﻹк͸ɽĸһģһ˲ɣ
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ǻʺҲһ˵̫ӣɫڳīù֪ں˵Ҫÿ
ͳ촹ף̧̫ߣȥ
˵ͷȥҲʲôÿģĸúЪϢɣĪ˾š
ʺͷһʱûע̫ѵõɳϢľ޴С
ʺҪɽ˲ֹһաһ꣬ǵµܷʱȻҲΡôܵ뷨
ԼǵãԼռɽʱɽôССһţ۵˳ʱ̲ס˵С۰
ɽЩɩɩҲ۰˺Щꡣĳⷢ˸ɽͻʵ֮ܣҲԸɽκηУϾʵǸ۰ĺӡ
жϲִºж񵽻ʺʱ޿̲뽫֮죬ĶǱѵķŭС
Ҳ˵ף˵ЩԸɽ۰ɽһɶͱ½һ𣬾Ǹİǣ
Խǻ룬ʺԽǲԼҲ˵壬ΪŭΪɽ

ڵ֪ɽѶ˲䣬ͳɹ衱˹ȥæҵذƵһ˼źıⳡæµȥˡ
˵һߣ۱Сӻһ֮ţ£⻳Сأ
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ͷ򵥰˵˱飬СѾͷĴϵת˺üȦ
ԹޱȣǶʼˡ
˵걻˰ԴϾҪÿˣƭţ̫ˡ
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ʰЩɡһת̫ҲжֻҪЩҪĶͺá
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ĵǣĸֳĸǶѾˣ¾㱸ֻǷ硣
һȥĮأһֱ˶Ƕ۾ƶ뺷żǶʳ⣬ľҲʮĴ
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ź򣨼ӣˣˡ
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룬ܹȷΪʲôлϷ˻᲻ˣҲͬԭûܼʱ뾩˵ۺйŭڻҡ
ڻԼģ֭ţһߵġ
ϾôÿҲҲڶˣôĿء
Դˣ뷨СͰӱʾ
￪ľͺá
ò˵ĵ󰲸СѾͷ̾ţԼҪڹߵģĶǾĶֿͺá
գվţϴǲԶĹУΪɽ顣
֪ʲôԵɣɽδᣬյȫǵʬͣǶʱȥһޡ
ûװҲȥޣкܺõɣ޷ܴ̼οȷҲüΣ˭ҲҺȥ
˶֪ɽ֮ǰжҪá
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ʱڵ꣬Ǻټġ
ȼԼһ㷢֣ʵ㲻ȫ꣬ӦСϸϸܵѩѣҳž
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һʱʳУֱͻȻһֽ
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š
ʵͱһУ˺ܿһСʣȴʱ١
ѡʱȻΪʱĹ٣еֻźڳǰЩãһȻºͻʺҹڡ
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ʱ֮ʣ˴һǲţһһ׼뿪
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Ūһʱס˵
ôֻǰ̫˾, ʲôƵ, ̰, °ɡ
ʲôˣ̶ͦ䡣
ղ̫˺ܶ, ʮɶð˺磬·һҹ֮˼ꡣ͸ɽĸ˵, µĹĸ, ˶ʱһ
ɽͻȻ̫ӶܸоԼʺĸĲԾ, ٲҪٰ졣 
ٰУ˲ԣ˵, ûͻȻҵ˵ݼҶһҲˡ
׼ȷ˵, ȥˡ
ػһ֪еľٶ, ȻŶһҡûʲôѾԵʱ, Ѿˡ
еʱһӳ棬֪֣׾Ͳ³ԵɣִڹУϧðΣҲҪ̫ӡ
ûŸߣֻʾ̫Ҫ˿˺̫ȻˣɹȥΪ
û̫ӣ졢ͼϧÿն̫Ӷ˵ۺһֱôΪģ̫Ӹûȥû뵽ϾҪ¡
˼գعĥ˼
˵̫ӣƽǴЩؼʱʶõĲԾÿûκϧ֮飬ͰץóѶȥ˿졣
óԲǸ࣬ʶһʵʵ֪޲ԡ޲
̫ģų˽⵽ǰǳʼĩ
ǳȼʱ̫ʵСˣǰ¾ͱۺȥ˱أֶԴ»Īֻ֪һͻĶ񼲣Ҫ˻ʲһҺͲĸظ
Ȼ󣬱ĸǻ̫ӡ
˵ûиǼٵģ̫Ӻͻʲ鼫ȱԣĻȥʲôĻ
ʺһֱĵ֪Щº̫ӹȻͬ飬ԼϿĮԶΪҵɽ͡
ֲûһֱҲ˳ۣԭԵɡ
ͬͬ飬֪Ҫ졢Ҿվǰ̫ǾԲŹġ
ڣվǰǼһĹ
̫ӿãžð˴˼
һĻ
Сݹ뿪ʹɣ̫Сʡ
գۣһϣȻˣҺүֿã
̫ӳһ칷ˣֹ׺һˣݹǿ˶ۣ˵Ļ
ΪԴ׵ġ
̫룺ǻǻڹҲߣСͻײôʱ䣬Ǹʴ͵Ļ飬ҪΪľٶۣδҲ̫ˡ
ʱ̫ӣһġ
С߰ɡ̫ӱ
ɻ󣬡ǡʲô
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ҹģȥͲɡĬĬô˾䣬ֿȥĿ̫̲סǡ
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ǰûô̫ӣΪ̫ʱѾǸʮֱŭˣԹ̶ɱԻвʽɽȻߣ
ûԼۻˣĥʹֻ룬Ȼôܻء
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Ĵţү𣿡
Ҳˡ̫ɬͷҲ֪߰ɣϽ
ЩҲסˡ
ԣ̽Ե˼̫ӻûӦŽɣһ̾Ͳˡ
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ηֲؿɫӼˣ֪˳̫ӵش˺Щ
شˣ̲סʣ£ΪҪǻãһˣ޹˼ˡ
ˣ䣬Ůأһը˶ߡ
ĸĸ󡭡̫ګګ
ʺ÷ζըˣһɨˣ̵ѸǹŶϼӿء

֪ʺͻȻ֣ҲҪץʱŲһתûȥͰСϣѡһշֵСš
ǵ˿ܣΪǴСųȥûйţֻһߵĹǽǽܲȥ
̫ӷ˸϶Դ˴
ʱ򣬼̲ס룬֪үǻЩûз߱ڣЩ´ξͲܾѧˡ
Ͼֹʽǽ̫qaq
ǽͷ׼ѺʱⲻһиŴҢ
㡢㡭ҢĿɿڴ
㿴ˡ磬ûǽ
˵׼ȥĬĬᣬΪʲô̫ӵıܻǽ氡
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ҲûҢ, ǽͷȼԾ£Ңľս
˵ˣôıأ
ݡǳ𣿡Ңż˶ɫ΢ļ֪ҲˣͰ͵ʡ
, ҹĳ𣿼ۺɫ, ͷ, ţ͸
ҲҲǣҢһ, ڹˣȷʵ, Ҳϲ
ٶȵͷ, Ĭ䴦ƶ˽Ų̫Ӻǰ˺񶼲ô, ƺܺúŪ
Թſڵ·ô죬Ҵɹ, ȫ֪ıУıͨ⡣
ҢԸ, ϵһ߲ȫʹߡ
ʱҢ, ԼĪͺÿŮһӷȣʲô벻ȫ޷ʶҹǽкβ, üûдκʲôס
˵ҢǡͨһҲΪ׳ھǣΪةฮͻʺǧ˿ƵĹϵĴܺߡ
ʹ뾩֮䣬类˺ЩΪ֪ͨ
ദʱԽãҢɫԽ죬ֽŶ֪Ķšة֪ԼȴΪСûн̵ĳЩĳһŮǰģ֪᲻ʹļס
ɫǻ費ڣ黳ʫҢѳ˿ɼΣҲˣ֮ҹɫе˵ľϲɹʹϲͷת
ݹˣһһЦڻУΰɣҢԼһѣۡ
˻һЦɵ
Ѿ뿪ʹһ·̣һֱǱ߶ձƻ֪࣬ǲ׷ˡ
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Уôֻȥ
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˵Щ̫ôˡϸл治֪ԭ˶ļɻ䣬ǺԺȵļƣСƽؿڱӡ
ЦԺעǣ̥ʮа|³ɣ̫ǡ
˱ЦݻۣͷŮλŮòζҪЦˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴһۣ˾Ͳˡ
˴˴ͻȻ֣ͻȻʧĪŮɣ

ᵽ·ʱĻѾҪǼ·ȥĮмԽͷĵطҲĿǰĹؼǡ
֪Ҫôȥqaq
ãתȹڵ棬ɳɳͷ˼СƬ̣Ȼ󲻵ò˸ʹľذװȹβ˻һˡ
ǰԲԼİѡһЩ֦ڸСƬϣ̾һڰããĶأ
ʵ޷¾ɴۣӻͳƵСɸӣȥ
㡣
һϣ山Ӧߡ
ı߶أ
뵽ԼģʲôšϱҶ
ܺãԼֱȻ£ԥ߶ȥˡ
лҪ˵ʵķ⣬ΪһϷˣãȻģָ·ֻ_(:١)_
~

056

СƬ, ͷ֣Ⲣǳֵ·
ܽǻľ֦ɫ谵Ҫһѩļơ
һں, ʵ, ʱЪϢ, գ۶ε, ֶֿ
֪ӦöԵġ, Ĺĵ, ס游ĸʱ·ߣǼδѺζ, ƫƫ·ûһӡ
Ҳɣðµ뷨漴ܿ챻Լ񶨡
ôã첻ĵ, ţ˵ү϶Ҳ
Щ, ֭ģֻǸм޷, յġ
ЪϢټѰ·ȴܿ촫֯, ΢Լۡ
ģ϶үˡЩţҿ˿ֻܽʵһЩɫĴϣڸΡ
ǰĶ齥ǰȻһȺŹӣƺ׷֮ˣĽӡҶڵò࣬̽н·ߡ
͸϶ȥһָһ飬ܿδԶڸ
һɧ
ϸϸ۲ܣӦϳȥˣǼȥ׷ڸԷ´
ãٸϡ仰Ѹȥˡ
ҷɣ·ͬʱĬƬ̣˺Ȼڡ
ڸɡüƤһ
£үˡ桢ͱ涼Ѳ飬ȥˣҪֻܴǶ뿪
Ŀ⾯ܣѹ䣬ֻмɸߣѰʵЩҲȥˡֶвʣûڴ˵үѰ
˵Ǽ٣޷жϣûгֻš
үѾٴνǣڴ֮ǰ˭Ҫš˵仰ƺʲôװģ˼뿪ˡ
֮󣬼δ˼ŷŵĽ顣ǵзѣĿŶжߣ
͸ȲҪա
նǽģܲһ㲻ȴʱ
˶ɴϣֱһΪϤĽŲתȥ
һɫӰӳӰߴһ˫üš𣬻ɢǧ֮ĮϢ
ȴһʱʲôҲܲˣݵһ¾Ծȥһޱȵģү
ͨУ֮˻һ
һӰӰԲ֡
ڣȽסˣ˵һ˲ŵġ
ʶԼӸΣԣǿϵĻ˺һѪ˿
Ѽ£ָһ˿ڡ
ȻԼˣΪϧòŵôӻͳСӣҳһǳɫ˺ۣᶼˣҶ֪qaq᲻̰ء
ʱ̣Щ̿ڿԥͳӵɲǡ
СƺκʱѸġԡЩԶǣʳҪ
ҩͺáο̡
มӣŬջᣬǸϽ߰ү
˺øϽȥҩп˼
ҡͷ⸽ȥֻдǰС²뿪
һǳ̶ͨ򸽽Ĵ䡣
һƺ˼ҡֻһˮ
£Ҵ㡣
ʱ򣬼ͷǳԼУȻ˸߲ˡ
Ѱһֵ٣ԼԣٶԼ֣ʾȥ
㶣һ飬оеҲ֪ǶĻǺ¡ûбֳסһ֣үһҪңңˤˡ
Ѱʱô˵Ưã˿ἺΪˡĿ΢΢Ц⣬ˤˣҲˤ
ģĶһ١
Ųʱӣоꡣٿ·Ϊ㣬ȴ˿ηģ
룬ôô
Ϊ˰ȫٶȼżɸߵ¾˺Ƭ̣غֽסˡ
Ȼһ£үѾˣֺȻͷѰҵ𣿡
šҲûʲô˵ҪԼһߣȻʳԡ
ڲǰȥʹѰľգͲһһѰ˱á
ԣؿޣҾ֪үӵˡ
ǼһҲᶨһ˴ӹߡ
ӡóĬ£ǣϼ̶ˮ
˵ǳˮ㲻Ϻ̶ʱ֮ʣʱˮһ㣬Ҳüͷ
Ҿúɪο
Ŀת˼ǷбĵطԳȥΧתݴԣڡ
ȥ̶ֻͨˮΪȫ١
ЩԾزȥң˼ʱѾֺ˿Ƕ£ʱʣ·𣿡
úܣûһǻ΢
Ҳģû뵽Ҫļʱûһ˿Թԡ
Ҫˮ
ڿнǾιȥɣûʲô
ףһδˣˮʪӦ̶ˮҡ
Ȼ׼Ҫôһ⣬Ҫˮʱеӡ
µĲˮ䡣
ѣ룬ԼӦúһߣ뷨ϻͲøҹһӳʹүϻԼҪ£Ҫˮ̶
qaqĺ䰡
òҨˮ´˰ʪӦ˵¶ȣǰȻһƬڰȥŷòסˡ
ˮ²㣬Ȱš˵ϵ䣬ٰѼһֻҲȥˮ
ԸܵŮһ˶٣ʣɻУ
˻űش𣬡ţ߰ɡ
ôʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ʵڲ˵ȳ¶޵ˣٺЩҲǸС
£˷ʱһûǳ̶ˮС
ϡʹ˿ˮе·ζһЩι״ĶӶˮʮƽˮƺϸС
ʱֵⷢĵطҲһ֪ͨЩţҲֻ֪⴦֪ͨͨˮ̶С
·ˮ̶ͱһˡҰ𽥿˸ĺ
ϰʱһ٣һ˲ַɿ춯ȥ
˻ʪ||Ծ˶ʪģϰˮСģеȡ
ɿΪšˮ£ұнӦʱٻѡ
šѾ˹Ҳûô£Ҫ˵ĿһתƳڵѪ
΢үʯӸ𣿡
ҡͷԺܳȣˮҧһڡ
ˮһ޶˵䣬ӵЩԡ
ѸеЩѣòԽŵء
лҪ˵簲Ѽ

057

ˮ߼ж, һ㶾ҲСȻųΪˡ
˼ȴݵ̬üеĻҲƽ, , Ҫү𣿡
ӻп, һ㶼Ƕչĺʱ
áʾԼһʯ߿£ͳذ׵ݸ, ˴һСڣѶѪɡ
มֳذ׶˶, Сĸ, ˿ڴȻ
ЩС, Ҫˡ
ף̧ʪܵԴĪ, ôʹ
ʹ˵Ҳ֪ĻȳƤЩ, ˵ֻǸΪʹѣԻһġ
ʱ, Ҫ΢΢ЦˣʵС⸱Լģ̫ɰ
ţ˫գҲգָһС˿, ѹ϶һЩΪѪ
ôС¾;Сˮգ֪ȫˮ黹ǲ˺ˮɫһֱʮ档
ķˣЩڷ˳˫绬䴹࣬СưСѩϸ壬ˮؼ䣬Ҷ飬ˡ
ļòƷԣظЩࡣ
ǼŵԵĸ̻һЩȡſضƱ
Ȼָ˵ع̲סүͻȻң
˵ʡòϲ̬вͬ
Ҳ㶣Ų֪ģͺ뵯һ˵һǰŮ˵ӦǸɵľٶ
Ĭ£󡣡
ţֵؿۣûɣͷŬȥˡ
ָ£Уָϡܸܵϸ֬ỬƽĺˮһС
Ƭ̺
ССɣ̧ʣѾûжѪˣоô
ࡣȻЩѣֻҪ˶һվָܻ
ɲģҪҪ⸽ĴׯһգЩ߶ѾȥˣŸ·Ӧòá
áĿܣһʱɡ
˵գȡҩƿһ嶾裬żȥũнЪ
ٽǵĴׯũҲҪЩƲŵĸҲֻ㶣λǡ
ʱȻǼΪǲС׹ˣҲʪˣλǻḶӵġ
Ů𣬻Լ㣬˼˲ͱ²áðü˼ѣδλͺá
ֺ̫˼㣬ø˸˵öƮ졣
ϣδôƯŮ޶ϵŮҲ˰ɣء
κؿͣ˶˲ֵˮβֲִٵúܣ䣬
ҡȥλȡ˷ɿݣ룬µѹ׵ѷ˳żò黨̤ȥ
˹λǡ˲ɨһʶͷֻСʼ
Ц䣬ҷѽ
˾ȣû뵽Ĺϵǰ׺ģСﲻƯֺá
ǡôô䰡
˼ͣ㲻Ҫ׵ģֻȣ˵ʵ˺ܺõġ
˵ֻ˻ΣٲȻһͷСŮģ˿˿ӹȻĬȴ˿ŭޣ˳Сһе㲻˼ģˡ
˴ս»ɣ
ͷһⶼ˵ģ
˵ЦҶʮˣѰ򸾹ϵΡɻãһ۾ܿ
һҲСҧ䣬ǽãҺͷϵѽ
ԣϸ˿ദ̬΢΢Цûע⣬ֻס˵㻻Ȳ裬ְѸɽȸãضǼ۰ġ
Գһ㣬ӣַɶãҪϧ˵Ų䣬ҲܺãòôҲãǸ˶öá
һˣ˸˵úܣͷȻǺõģͬү϶Ҳ
ȫ̰Ѷ˶ԻеԽͷƺЩˡ
˼󣬼Ȼʣһݣŵһζʲô𣿡
һѣ˾һѽӣ˹ﻹŴ׸أ
Ŵ׸⣡˫۲ˣϲ¶ֻԽ|ĵؿޣȻŴ׸⣬ĺ㰡
Ҳ˵úܣ㲻ͺãţȥʢһ
ȫûҪɾ͵õһŴ׸ļգգۣ˵ɣ
Ȼġݸû뵽˷̵ļһũʱҲˮ
մڸУˡ

058

ͬ, ûԸ棬˽Ӧ֡
ڼо𵣵Ӯ˵׵˵ķģԭҲá
ʶҪ, ùŴ׸, 㷢Ŵ׸ͱŴ׸Ĳͬ, ޵ĻҲҪӵط񳯸˷ȥֱЦúϲ£졣
żƳһ⡣
, ӳΪСżֱ׵Ŀ佱;Ŀ, ղ֪, ԭͻ¡
Ҳ֪Զ˵
һʱ䣬ԽĬ
ܼҳڴ, ܷ˿̵ģĳΪԴס
֪С׵õ˻, ٱǰ˵Сַ˺ЩġҲδСֱ͵͵һСӡ
˵ú, Զ˻ؿֿү, ү
ţ
˻ӦҲ˵ֻ, ˼ڵȿء
ʲôɰıʧ٣̿׵
ԣСβͶҪ죬ָ̧˿ǣү̫ɲߣЩǡ
ĪΪЩ˵ĻҲЩô뵽㣬ȾЦ˵ĸоƺˣɵģҲͦȤ
ڿ̵ˮ뵽ʲôȻЦ⣬ʣգǵڼˣ
Ѱʱע⵽߰µֽɼһ·ûй
˵һĿ㣬ҲĿŰɣүģܺõġ
Ⲣòõ¡ԣҲЩ뵽ĸٱǰĽ˭뵽ƯϸļҲгΪֺһӵľء
£Ŵ׸ǳԶˣױ֡³ʮ˵Ļ
ƫƫʮְʱԼֵģûˮݸƵʮնûúóԷ³ϼò޳
ףĸƼŴ׸ⲻ䲻¼Լˡ
һ΢ŵ̾ϢԼ֣Щл˵
ţͷɻȥж㣬ǹԹߵߡ
һ̧֣ɹסС֣֮ãеļϵȫѹˡ

үˣп仰ͿһǷУµ·
⻹ô·ίƫ츳ҲǴ򲻹ܱԷһֻѹͶֱˡ
ʱֻСɰдһǣһŶޣŻҪϸ͵ĸ㣬ЩҲʺ·Ʒ
ûǣͺʧˮĻյģԹʵЩһ֮ɴǣסˡ
˱⸱쳣̬ܵǰ
л΢ˣ
ôһü˵ģ
ү˵һ룬ͱס⶯Ѿ㹻˳Ծˡ
ΧͶĿ֣˾䣬£Ƕˡ
Ŷԭˡл룬ʹҲڸǲүٶɵʵ
Уλʱɣôˣ
ĬĬ²ۣײ˵Ҷͦ˵ġ
ʱһǰȥǲǲ׷ֻ̫෴״ݾߣ˼·ȥѰˣƽƽˡ
˽⵽ˮ߶лȥѰùҹֻ»ʹܿͻ׷
šɨĹĵļʱһʡ
лﰵҡͷүأǺ岻ϱġ
ϧ²õȻүض߳ŭʱľͲүˡ
ĳְϷ˼Ѱ󣬼ΪŸϳ֡лоӰû⼸ˣյһ溩Ĵ󺺡
лصİлӣʲô°ǵġ
¡ָΪΣн֪лףֵǾͶлˡ
úõһ֮·СŤӲǳ˰֮·ҶûʶԾ
һܺãȫ̸Ӷȥˡ
ָ΢ͻȻóл﷽Сֽ⿪ʱ
΢΢⶯ųʲôȴɲͷ
ʵˣ˵Щܣ˼ȥֻж֤㽫ֽСϣѰһ
İССռ䲻ס죬޴ڵζ̲ס͵͵ȥɶĿ⡣


һʱԣɼˣôûˣүʲôأҲ֪
ãʶʲô̧΢΢˰ҡЩ
˼ǣҲˣԣȻǸһ˰ġ
գۣưҲСʣǡǲ̫˷ˣ
ס
ðɡɿת˶С˵˷ʳܲãҾȴͣү´βˡ
áżСɿв֪кЦ⡣
ʵãݣֻҪǰˣܺá
ҲһζݣҪơ
ǳŴŹ󣬱ͺܺú¶ʳı飬Ĺ۵ģһǲǻ
ǳõص˳ֵһȥүҲһ
ӹˣؼǷк󻹳£ʣˣ

󺺣
ҵûүɵʱ򣡴п񺰣ֱǺɸ֣űϻ۾׵үôСﶼأ
Ůһױһ¶˰үô£ˣȻĺῪĺ
Ҳеס֪ôӻѵҪ˵Լˣ
Ǻͦûӵġ
˰Σɴתƻ⣬óԡ
ɰͰ͵ġ
Ҳûظţ
˵仰ٶԡ
Ѿ޳
үûˡ
лҪ˵簲
죬ϱʼǱֻ֪ܱ֤ܻܲһ~

059

ûȵһ·Ĭеִũׯ, ǳøµһׯӣԸ㣬ûʲôĴҲһξ룬ԶԱȽϰȫ
һ˱Ͼɽˮ, ֵȫĵط, лＸ˱㵥ȥСˡ
ǰ, 뵽ʲôҪһ
һȥ𣿼, ᶨܾŲҪ, ˵, ɾͺá
СͰǻ𣿡
л𣬡, Ƕߵһ·ǸΪȫ
ǳ⣬ʵҲӦ·, ƻܸϲϱ仯ֻѡ·ߡ
š, Щš
áصġ
˰Ц, ǶǴռһ·ġɫ֡үϵͨϣʣһϲͨ
, Ҳͷţҵү
õȣšֵ˼Ϣš
лԲĿˣүн
ֵͷүǺģһ
û˷̵ˣЩϰߣʱʼ˼СͰӡƽԡϴױζҪòŷһͷ˿żⶼ泩ˡ
ǷֿŴգеѰqaq
ͷһҺڴ⴦ũׯסׯģҲһӵˡ
֪˶Ҫ˷̣ͷǲСŮǰȥ̷
СŮΣ귽ʮɬúܣſ¶Цݣɬþþò̧ͷʢʱһͷԽӵס
úΪʲôҿң
ΡβҡδԴŰ㣬̫ÿˣϵŮһ¡¿ð
һϤĸоͰСʱǽӽˡ
пڣѽͶ࣬һѣֲʲô
ϲʵ۹ĺӡ
桢𣿡ξϲ̧ͷõ϶ӡã
ԳʹũׯСμ̫٣ҲСĳнõ͹ҲŴ˵㵨ӡ
˵ӺﶼǴģɣһҪú÷̣Բû뵽ãκ˵һԶ
κʣʲôģ涼ÿ𣿡
ȻûСĹÿֻһһģͳƲѵˡ
ƶǶͷǷÿģ
š¶ӿɽ̵ı飬ͼһֱסôˣ
԰үү̶ġôϲһֱţ˵гϢжһׯӵгϢʲôģ
룬žǺ׬ӡ
Ļүүÿ׬ҲٰǸү˵ˣׯճÿүүҲܵһ롣
˸־ɣûʲô
ٴһΪػأǰ컹͵͵һˣүүæŲýӴӣˣβҪ˵
үүΪĹüˣβϲ
û뵽ޱȵСѾͷ΢֮ߴߴͦϲĻã뵽ͬӵİӣҡη˵Ķɻ
ˣ͵͵ô
ɻ˸Уֱҹʱݣ̲ס˵˳εĶ壬ǲе֣
Ȩȷ񣬵ʱֱǿ
˵ʲôϸ˵˵
Ѷ˶Ի˱飬Ҫһ𣿡
á˼Ƭ̣ɫ𲻶ĵƻأȷʵҪ裬ֻϣˡ
Ʊ齣Ҫ£ȥȥ
áϥڷɢģĪɡ
Ųٻ£׻ûлزֻܿ졣
ǵִĮ֮ǰ·;ҪСģϾһٲ
Ҳֹ֪ڿЩΣ֪󲿷ֶʵ󣬶֮¸һ˿顣
˵ѾүһʱľŬϺȣڰ»ǽ˾˰ȣ
ſڴϣŻ谵תӼ򵥵ĹһٵÿһϸСĵƣȻãСҲСĺôһ۾Ϳ
٣谵ĵƹ⣬ҲһˣٵĳĽͻȻƮĳֲгĶ
û¹ҺС¡ȫݼСͰ޸Ȥ־ֵĻһ£ʱһ͵͵㤴㱧һУٶ߶µؼ
ҲǼ˯ǰҪһյСƵԭ
ԼĪһ̶ӣԴѾʼСʱƿţ֮ģЩϢ
ôԺҲŴŴģ𣿡
ЩһЪϢ
Ӧˣʵ̫齵ļڲͣǷҡҡλΡ״ɴὫȥ
Ҳɬл˸ƣȷűۻյ̤ʵЩ
Ѿϸ꣬ϸ˿˿
佫ڵʵʵ˯˹ȥ
лƼʱһ㶣֮൹ѵ÷˵㣬ǿôõүܹԼð˵ο
еؽѡлƽؾ֮ãͨʱͷ˵˼˵㣬Сͨ֡
һףһͬ˵ؽѡһģͷһҡ
ͷһңлﲻûйɣ뿪ǰֱԾ󻼵뷨գҲͬˣգ뵽ᵽʱı飬ת˿ڣͷһλᡣ
ԴӶǳϣ֮ʡĴԽԽ١лﱾҲкβףҹһʶүĸı䡣
øСζˡ
ָıעҪٴµү˵л˼֮£ΪǺõġ
Ͼı䲢ζүѶϣǸ˼֮˼֮ܣշġ
ǰлﻹĹүΪǴε¶ԽԽᣬʦַ̫Ϊʺڵү
û뵽һĴͻ飬ջ֮ࡣ
лԽԽã͸үԵ䡣
лӣ㿴ллѭȥԭŵը׾ѣãۣʶСС˵ʲôүѴһСǣ
󺺸пû뵽գۼүҲˣ鰡ͺͿԼЩСȢһ
ˣСôүһˡ
лɫһ䣬ʾ󺺿ͬʱɫڳһ㤣ͷ
ȣүסˡ
꽻ӣʱǷɵġһߣͷ磬ϣֻˣ޶Ӧô벻ɣ
Ȼͬ£Ϣҹ
ǰҹ廹ƽġȵҹҹѣ˲ۣ˫Ŀޱȡ
Ȼ
ˡ
ͷĸһֱֱҵ˵ס
лҪ˵¶ĥ~ϾôеദĻء_

060

лͷ, Ͷ˭֪𣿡
ͷҡҡͷ¶һڼʵҳϣҳϲҵҵ, Ϊĺ, үΰү
û뵽, ľȻĶӣ
ҹձָʱ, ͷһֱ߬ģȥŮ, յõĴֻЩ˵Ļɸɫס, ҿڡ
лͷĳ, ˸־ҲĴ
Խ˵, ͷԽǰл񣬿ݵģͷ޵, ͻȻҧҧһһ
˵, ͷεˣ˵档
ɫӰδһ, ǶлĻܻܿͷ
ΣףͷûйԼҶ
ˣʱУˣǱҪߡ
áһ˲ŬգѣܣСʣΣգ
Σ̸ϣ鷳ЩЩ˱ҪֿˣĿСЩҲɢЩ
Դһ𣬻Ǻлһߣ
лΣѼԼҲԻỤƽ
˽Ķԡ
ȻǺүһ𡣡Ŀ˯ü㣬ⶼĳ˻Ĺ͡
ȻҪΪʲôЩġ
ףȻ֪ԼڼѾһζҩרߵҩ
үߡл˵ע⵽ĶѾԽԽЩûˣѾ׼ڸѰˡ
µڸס˵ĶͼŴ󺺺һͨصȥ
Щߵ˲ͬ޷ҹžײʵʵҿ߲á
ɣ̵ССĿռ졣
һ̺˻˵үŮˣԼֺγῴƣϴܱģ
ûֱӰѼߣҡ
á
ƽĶۣʱʵʵ׸ȻЩľȫޣһжҪչˣڰ·߲áһӣܳʵôǿȥ鷳
ʣµ⣬Ҫˡ
ҹ߲㣬ʹû׷Ǹ·ҲǺһȣߴοȥ˰ȫУһϷƣ⺺ڣʹ׷ˣ԰ܶȥš
󺺵ĵžž죬ʱѰȥͺã㻤үߣ
Ц˴һȭǻһЦѣô
·;ԽŢǼ˳һݽȥҪܼߣķʡЩ¡
գȥ˳۽ʵˮ΢ǿԼ˵顣
󺺺˼ЦȻһֱڣɫҲ˵Ͻƺаա
ԴЩ棬ֺ棬Ȼˡ
һˣǳıܣΪ£֪µ˸ү˷ʱɱΣյöࡣ
ǧˣүҵǱ룬㻹һ٣ֺǸ̼ۡٸõ׷󣬿ɲġ˵ų࣬ȴδƵģӻͦǶʱ⡣
ʱ¶ȵı飬ǣģ
ǵȻذһʮүɱһѪ·ȻظҪ񴵣ĵĿһɨ˲伤鵽ͷתĿڣҪģүͣһɱһɱһ˫ǧĪУЩˣ
ۡܺñ˸̾ģƺ˵ү
Ī˵󺺺ͳ¶˿ŶҪƮˣ룺Ӣڣ⻰ɲ˵ٵģѽүֵ˶ҪǰԼ¼ˡ
ǳڴˣҪǣү£ܽдôǽʵʵ˵óϷĤݡ
ֻڴˣҲáǿóмڵͬȷʵСƽղòӰ죬ºʹ󺺴˼Ѫ㣬һ·ϲ顣
ž;ã·һ㶼ࡢȤ
֮ԣлһ˾ûˡ
л˾󲿷ֻ֮ǰͷס˶ӵĽŲһ뿪ʱ䡣
κ͵ҲǸλлӣȫսսҿڣԼĪ֪ҪԼͷϡ
лͷǰĮССҲ̫ɪɪСĪ£ûµġ
үүүүҲû𣿡ʡ
лĬ£һζ΢Цδ
βɸеһ⣬ʱȻʶԭλ˺ÿҲĴ粢
ЦģУᵶʱҪ¡ 
лҪ˵һ·ٻᰡʲô̶shiջ󰡣ɽ˶ȡůɶɶɶģ֤鼱£˵ܶˣ
ǡΪһ־鶼дˮң±qaq


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лĳĬǸȾ, ·;Уû˵һ仰
ֱ󼲳۵
ĬĬмκȻлһץ𣬶ĳ˻Сļа绮ƳգƳڵһȺˣ, 鲻ơ
лֻü˵ôһ仰, νӭȥ
, ˮֱ£ϵ, ֲѪ
ɪɪڲ֪˭Ļ, һֱѰŵ͸硣
л￴ĶŵĶģ, ȴްһһ, ּΪѸˮ
Į, һƷ˿ھܲסҵĶӷ, ǰĪ亷
лӺ֣˿˾, |
л˶ԣȺϺзƲϼ֣ǹеЩ, Ϊ㹻ˣ׷ȥ
׷նɱ룬ΧˮʳɫһֱӰڻʵüĿ絶硣
лüͷ˲š
ǸΣôǵһˣ
ξξˣ
ӦСһ࣬Ծ£֮ưβȻ󡪡
Լˣ
ֹЩ׷лҲͷˮ˲ǵѣĲʶ
ϲϵôˣӵİ£׷лһ˵׷ڶ̶һڱɱ˸ɾ˵ѪɺһҲš
лٴΰüҲ̫ˡ
ϴɷүֳ֪ա
ͬлмĿ˲ͰӵѾļײֵܣ治
ΪǱڶԷеİ׮
ΪЩֱ֮ͬӰԼˣлڣлԮ֮ʸǡ
ҲԼֻ¶һЦ

Ҵһʱ۵գ;һ·̣ûģȴ
ŮĲ죬չڴˡ
òѰһɾɽºͺȥѰſϥϺúЪЪ
ۣʡ
ԴСŴ׸⡣
Ȼ˲ʲôɿڣȡŴ׸Ͷιһ飬ССڷɿҧŵģЩ񣬲ŷ
ڼʮУʱԹĿࡣСһʹΧתĽһôãо˫ȶӲˣί
ʱְఴַѰ㰴ƺĶѨ
˾䣬赭дǰʱֳҲæһ
ֳ֪ģ²ᣬתŴ׸Ҳ˹ȥүҲҪЩܶš
ûֳܾ˼顣ⷬŨ⡱ģ̵Ա˵ģһ߸һᣬסү湻ˣҲ̫ˡ
ðͷǱСŴ뵽ү¶ޡ紵ģҾ;ۣҲ̫ˡ
˵꣬СתˣԣһҪúŬɹҪүĿˣһʱǵġ

ǵĶǲǷˣôүż졢ɹӣ
УĲΪԼ޷ʳ˵Ļ
̿˵ǰСԴҪǡ
ʩѹΪһ㶼ۣۡ㣬ƽո˻ԹԣֻļԽŬ
ûšޱȣҽĻĶٵġ
һҹˡ졢ɹǰЩܵһҪʱܡ㡢ءŶ̶ѣ;ѾԼԭ֡ʳᾫڲϸľ뿪ܾˡ
˵ҸҪԼܶġǰ˵׵ķܶڣҪԼʼŬˡ
ʵ֪СԴתģ֪Щ뷨ָҪЦ
ŬȥٱˣţҲʧΪһַܶˡ
⣬˸ǷһſԼѳһСţ˯үŶ
š۹ҵķ˿Ȼע⵽˼µɫ
ۡ
Ŀ˵ֵһᣬСԣѾʮˡ
谵Ļƣ״̬£ȻƯܺÿ˵۹޹أǴĵ׵ĸо
ºʹ󺺷ᶯСĵؽϥŮ̺õϣ
ү·ʣҪ¿ȻɴȥѰϣ
ǶӣǴ˰Сߡ
סָۣεȡȥƽ
һҪֳӣү˻ſôУ
ԣҲʾףȴѾ⣬·֪ȴȻ׷ˡ
㣬ʵÿ˶뵽ˣ˸ʱ
Ϊƺ˵СӦ
ؼʱ̣Ļɢ
ҲʱǰûʲôˣֱӵȻǻɳºʹ󺺣Ҫ֮ǰδ·ߡ
Ȼ֮ǰ·ܿܶѾй¶ˣ϶ߡ
³Ĭ˻ү˵ȥӲȥ
󺺻Ҫ˵ʲôסҡͷͣҲΪ˴ҵİΣүǻǣĪҪ顣
飿ԴоʶﲻԣǸ˵ģүŰͺã
Ǹɵӡ룬ȴ¶Ц
Ǿ͵ȹ˽ҹʱүߡһȦȡһȥ·;ҪίЩˡ
¡˯ļһۣ
һ£ܽһˡ̲סѣȵ˰ȫĵطүҪҺõĿջȻ
ǺԼүôƯֺ˵ϱ˰
صͷʾ֪
·ߣ־֮ǰĲ̽һŸеЩƣͼ
о飬ð껹ȥ˸ӶͳֻʷĴӣһֻõС
ҲŹҼҶϲֿɰСС˰󣬾ŵ˼ߡ
Ȼûϣ⿾Դζ㹻ˡ
ǱζգǱ΢΢⶯Ȼãۣһֻʪ||ɪɪСӡ
ţʲô
ͨͨգûз̲ŷ⣬Щ
šæɻָָСӣҲҪ𣿡
ǡСӵĶ䣬ŵֱߣʾģҪ𣿡
·;ȤиСҲá
գۣѽͦɰġ
ǰһԺлǺ⡢ȵζСӱԴоɵɵģ£ȴܶܡ
үѾˣ󺺻˳⣬̲׽סۣﵽʱƵĿǰ
ⷢζСҲ˶ſƺеӡ
Ҳ𣿡ö䶯˶ƺ֪˭ܵÿС۾ż
ȻҲ˼£ܳ𣿡
󺺣ӦòܰɣҪԣ
ԣµ˺һССǰ˻ΣȴĵزԵ˷ΣСӾȻýгһ£ĵ˼ϣס䡣
лҪ˵簲Ѽ

062

, ֻСӻͦף䶼ȱڣ൱ɺޡ
˵ԴСǿбߣһǿ, ֻܳԲݡ
&£ӱǳԲݵİ
ֻеС, Ը, ҲͱŲݿ鶯ÿɰ
, ԼǸװͰ͵СӣȻе, ÿ˵ʱ, رо
֪ǲ⣬С, ûһȰģ඼иԡеź̾˿ſвݿеûС, ĬĬŵʵǺպûըá  
ֻͳ˸ɾ, ָǷЩŴ׸⣬Ҳ뱥ˡ
ɫ, ԼĪʱС˯һ
үЪɣͳҹСźͨͨۿ˵
̺˿ˮ, գѾ˯˺ܾˣоȥ˯ɡ
ôУ󺺺Ǵ壬Ůҹĵ򲻿ɣ˯ٴսҹ
ûðȻһүȻûʲôʾ
ҡͷܲݾܾģˣԡ
һ£СôүԵӣģ
ؿ£Ӷ
ʵ̫ĥߴˣɴıһ˦žýɽ˦죬һ̴ӤʵģҲġ
󺺴һλع̲סؿڡ
СװͰ͵ģҲ̫̫ɰ˰ɣҪүڳ뱧תһȦڣо񿴵Щɰһ
˵ʲôʲôɣҲҷԡ󺺽Ͱ͵
£
Ҳ̫û˰ֵܡ
ԥԥ˵ջһҺһ𣬷ġ
үһ𰡣ȷʵеˡ˵Ϊҹף֣ǾܾˣǺõġ
ȵĥĥȥԱϢҲһɣСвүҲ˯
ţһ˯ܺ˵ֻſ֣
ȥʲôʣһŲ˹ȥһץС
ĪͳͷҾ˯
䣬ѾۣҲͣ˲Уް㱻ڻҲö
գգ۾ѵүԼһѾϰһ˯ô
˵ʱһȷʵȶ˯Ҳࡣ
үѾˣϾôһºˡ
ٴԼһ飬ͨ泩𼸸ݶ˶Сӣɹ˻ߣë
СѾȫˣë׵ģȻƢãڲҧˣǿвݿбˣ˳˻ëҲʼ˯
ųҹɫУٱСӣһ
Ӧҹ㲻ǿЦ;һϢҲû͵˯ޱȣʱʱߣߣëż
;д󺺻ҹΣͼá׺ݡɻȥˣòٴűӻס
صһʱʵû˯ţС°ˡ
żһߣջʱԼүײ˺üӼģ
д谵ɽҲܰ
үֹڽĶڱӣضǽĵףŻڲк顣
ð
ڼĲпսǰ΢С֮ů󣬸սעů

ɫ΢ʱ˾ͷֿˣ½ϵ̲ӵȱһԶ˹ȥλί
Ⱥ˻ˣһȥӦү֣ضүһСġ
Ƕߴȵõİļֻͷ֣ȥɡ
ųºʹӰнԶȻ·ֻҺү𣿡
š
Դĳһ䣬»֮ã
ݸЩ˼롣
Ҳô˵
ǡҲɡǡǡ
ָͷССүǴദ𣿲˯Щʱÿտֻһʱۼ棬ү϶첻ίⰲĻᡣ
Σյ·˵»֮ãҲֹֻˡ
Ҳе
ʮĺͲûСһ㶼ûʶ;Σա
󡪡ڼС鶯ؿżԵĹľԡ
ľԿݣЩľԵⰻȻѭȥ˺ЩС
ʵʮˣȿ쿴Ƭ̣˵˾䡰޶ŷĵժࡣ
Ǻõѽ佱Сӣ˳ιźģͺƽհԵһ
޶ҲܶԣϾҰ⣬ĸۡ
šӦţѹûĻϡ
üʼʩ̧־ȡС
оˣҲֻϧ߲СӰ˼£űٵø߸ߵ֡
̿ʹ֪ʱˣҲû˳Ѻ¡
˻΢תү͵ͷ
Ҫ˵Ļģ
ʲôʶȸһ˲סϴʮʪС
ͬʱмΪĴк͵㳯Ϯ
ʵʵҧһڡ
ҧգҲˣ¶һóѵСЦݣ̵ǰȥ
лҪ˵ҪҼǣүֲרҵ˰˰ٻ


063

͵Ϯ, ٲȻĬˣ·;ȻСģȻ˵
ΪǺߣʵڳ˼
룬֪֪Ǿٶ˼ǵ׽ļ˰֡
곤, Ҳ˵յĶŮС˼, С˼òʱ, Ժܿͱϸ롣
, ԼĪֻСˡ˾˯ͳ, û, ż˻УʮĴүģ
ɲ, һαĥʱסĳ䣬ٲɿ, ͳԿ⡣
ֻһСڡ롣
С⣬һƢС
󡪡
, Ѿһһ࣬ɶȥ
֪Ϊ, ʮֿκζü˻ίһֻҲС
СãȻ, ˱ģˡ
˼Ҳ֫أһ˫зС˫Եġ
ȷҪˣҲǲöͶ|ʡ
С鶯£ûǰ˰ǼЬȨش
ӵĿ⿴ȥϾԳ˵ĽǶ˼ֻʵڴЩˡ
˼
ˡϣҡҡͷ̫ˣԡ
ԷҪ˼⻰һ䣬ԺˣҶ˼֡
ҲáСвһĻش
ڴ˴ԴУСӸе֮ء
ĴȥǻĲݺŢ·棬СӷŵһСڣû˵ʲôСԴΪ
Сǰ֫վǶƶǶؿǣǰͣס˷ΣԼ˼˼ͣǶ
˵ŷ£ʵ̲סһֱȥЩɼӿ˽Ųֱֳھǰ˿
ǳӲˣСãƫҪѳֲס
·ϣȷʵҲʺϴһֻӡ
˼׿ۣδһʣżѼܹ·
¶׷ĵǺͽȸУ޶ЯͬеɽˮҪʱ٣ÿֻʱָܻǶʱ˾򱧻򱳣˴˼䶼ʮϡ
ƽǰһαװ۵ò˴룬ҲһգٲȻǸͨͨũ
ΧתȦ޾棬ү㣬ڽϼʹҲϲ
ر𡣡Լ԰ڼݵĿУԾº࣬ɴſвʣ
ᡣһɴ¶˫΢գͦ
εĽɫಡӺӽҴɷ
ƽǲСشĮ뾩֮䣬ڹɵشصĹԱоһɡһɺĮһɡعʶΪȡҲˣλعٱһֱѹΡ
ûȥѰ׼Сȥƹݡ
Ͳò˵αװĳɹ˴һȥΪǸսǵˣƭúܡ
ȻҲöթ
ӴΪսĽôڷˣ
һͻȻǰʹãȻ
˻ݣָ֪Ľһֻ󰡣ֻ񱻲ȳһ࣬ݴ˵
׼ȷԣָ
ǿɲߣҵĽ
ͬʱΧװͰ͵ؿŶˣδ֡
Ȼǹ߷ʱСнٽǵˣֿҺ۸ˡ
յλӻǸ߰Ϊͷ鿴ɫˣ˿ڿˮȻҪǴܱס˵ͷ
ŶôⰡɴġ
ʱһû뵽С˺Ҳӡ
͡͡һӺˣһ˽͵ǡҲǹģǾ͡;ʹˣ
ԣ˸͡
һӣֵظ
Ϊ޴Ŀŵ󣬡ԣԣһͭҲܡ٣һӡ
ҵһͭҲòѽ˵һתȻûġ
ÿһɵɷδȷѪ֮˾С
Ⱥ겻󶮣ǸеɪΪöӣһУҵĽȻҪߣֻܴǵʬ̤
ԶԶԣ
ĬĬȺԼģҪһϷ뷨
˵воͺ·߲ȵСڽһ㣬ҲδŭֻٲҪ̤һ̤ˡ
̤̤ʲô㤵ʶָǵʬ塣
ǰɣһ˾Ȼɱ˿
͵갮ӣͬ鶼ߣ˵֮ҲܣΪһҧһǽһţ˹ȥ
죬ʣҲѽѽػšȥվһԵļ
Ůû˼ֶΪġ
Ͼؿţ˫ɴѸٵĶתתȥϡ
үѽһԣпһСӶɷĳݾ塣
սϢȻˣûµҲֻΪ׵ꡣ
겢书ãǺܻЩУҲؼʱ̻ܲСͬУʱеһСӣҲͣͬͷԴתÿúܡ
ۼҪסͷ󺹵ݺݵȥ
һգ̻⣬Ųһ㡢㲻ҪѽӺġ
ſ㰡ĵȾǱ߳ȥץʣΪͻƿߣ
ߵĶ̶·;˳˸û׷˲ܵΪСŮߣ߳ĵЦݻûüȫλƲСŮӾ״ƲСĵءΡΡһȡ
顪걻ʵʵڵأ춼ĳѪ
͵ؿͷŭȥŮ˻޹ӣ̵ôôСİ
ȥ**ĲСģŭ߲ѡ
˵ûƭ˵ģŮ˵죡
лҪ˵ĳֽգɶҲ֪0-0

064


ƹݺԺʱ, Ϊ֪ԼӲ磬˸Ͳʲôսǵʵˡ
ڸĽֵаԵü֪꣬Ҿƹݱأƺкܴû뵽޷޺߳, ׼ܲ, ѵ˻Ūɣ
թһ, ûٲ, ϵܲܰɡ
ֻЩֵܡûſҾƹݵӾͻһɢ, ˵õͬأ  
˼, غСƽڼ, ƾ⸱βģΰ׵졣
ԺУůϵĸоͦɹ˯
ƹƹƬ, ͵ӣع֮, Щоå˻죬عٴ˴ҲҲ, ǹܲסûк˵Ҳöʲô¸鷳
ع֮ӡΪ, ϸüĿȷʵм񣬵º񣬲ӡ
ǹˣҲ΢΢ͣ΢תŶ˵˾ʲô
ݸ˵ͷ
ƹ˼ǲ˼ȥȰǸҲ룺СүǲӣҺΣ
Ȼ˲ȴһٺˡöŮûñ
ö񶾵˼Ȼİ
Ҫʱȴסˡ
ϴļߣѩЦչӨ񣬷ڻмЩӡ
Զɷ羰˵Ļֱת˸䣬ǡǸö£Ƥ񣬲µġ
ƹ񣺡ǲҲҿ˿ֱۡ
˷ԼȺݺ˰Ѵȣʹ˻һⲻΰ
Ůˡ
ɻʣ
ƹЦŹӴž飬Сƽ˻Լȡ˸ʲôյ֡
˵գƹеϧعٷ˱ǼõˣʱСҲǸµĺӡԴعٷعӭȢҺ󣬶ŹӾһղһգվèˣû뵽Ϊһȥɹƭ
ɹƭһţСеĲǾʵʵпʵ˻ᱻթ
ɨ꣬Σ
ع٣ƹҿŵŴһλ̷ˣͷСˣСҲᱻ㣬
ƹþƽߵˣҼ棬˵ͷСˣݾ͡
˲ˡ
Ѿ˶ϣǰΪһʱ£ؾ󣬶ϵ˱ӡǡ
˵ȴҲû
ȥѰ˲뷨ƹæǲȥˡ
Ѿ󣬱Ѻǰ
һ󿪵ӣ޸֧ţܳʶõѬ¯Ʈɾ
ȻֻŮȻ˼ҿҲҲɽѡ
ǡ𣿡
ţʱſأô˵ҲС
ǡһҺ͡ɣ˵ż˵ʲôʱɣʲôʱٺ档ﻹ˵ɶرÿر
ΧһʱĬԭôˣƭСĻأ
𣿡
š
ǣҷŻ㱻һӡ
Ĭˣɫһ˲죬˵úеɵĻܱǶС
ǡǰɰɣ
濴һЦЦûء
ʲô˼ˮ
ž顣Ȼڡ
ʶСүҲжž飡
֣ΪСʱ˵ʲô̫صȢЩѹ͵ô˳ЦĴ
ĿڣŻ

ȥ̧ͷ˫۾鲻Խ˸ʧӲֹǺˣûһ׺ݵ飬ȴ仰˵ˡ
㸸Ǿѡ
͵̧ͷĿ࣬û뵽õĵʶ
мʣ˵벻˵㡣
ʻʱ򣬼һ䰲ıڻߺˮ濴
лˣڼҲˡʶǰеҵҲһֱΪԤס
еһǿĺƢġ
˵ҲӦóΪԽԽһͨˡˡ
ɱ顢ϹȻбɼϲ
ү϶ҵӰ仯ġŵ룬ͬʱٴλлʲôݡ
ŬУԺôһƫȥźúõıյķѣǿǼΪ촷ۡɪɪģƺ˵ˣǺΪ
δŭӣǳȴݵģأƵ
ҡʲôûͰͽͣΪҰɣ
˵ʱ̲סһֱЩƮɢķĩ߶µ룬һܰѴɷۣö־
ԴϣܵС
Žһ˲䣬ܿ죬ָƽƤɨ꣬޹ء
ǡǾͺá룬ôǵᵽĳʱλͻȻŭء
лҪ˵һ

065

Ǽ, Ҳһ
ǵ͵ǿڡˡ⣬׶Ҳסڣ³֮, һƮƮɡ
, ǰ 
ƹס, ھ¥ԺСǶգСɻľ, ⰻȻʫ黭֮С
ڴǰ, Ҳ֪ڿʲô, ö˱յߵȥүȲ裿
ӹ, ˿ڣǳõ裬۵Ļ衣
ڸ, ӦˮӺڸʱӯζ
, ÷ˡ̵˵ıյת, תһȦ˵ƺˡ
Ƭ̣¶޹ֿɰСУԴ, ú𣿡
пɡ΢䴽̧һԴЪϢ
Լ̬δô䣬˿̵ʵࡣƫƫҪһζοӣҲ¡
׷ʣվС¥˽ݣֽڻƻУȵе衣
΢ɬʵֶܽܣҪƫйϵܡ
ϣүͺܲͬˡ
ΪȷԣƹֱǲԼķ̼ҹʱæµ䣬ʣƹүʶ𣿡
ŷ˻£ԥӦЩˣõҲϾʱδɻ顣
Ҳƽ
ǵǣ˵ʱʺ󡭡ӦȵԪһΣЯº͵ʱ̫ӵȥɽݷ;о˷Դ˷ڵ߸˶ʱա
˼ĵͷԭʱйأƹľͲĴˡ
ֻû뵽һССƹҲǣôԶ¡ֲãԴӽƽƺҪЩ
ǣعأ
عٴˣŷǰ˵ƺʶҪЩȹ°ա
ƺܶӡһʱ룬ĪԽĮ˾ͻԽô
ھУҲԱȥ̫ȼΪˣĲǹٳ֮䣬η࣬׽㡣˼ҪˣҲǸѰˣҲѡ
ŷ˺ЩʱϣҹҲ˻ػҪ죬һ˯
֮ǰɽȵ˯ȣҪ̫ˡӦںʱޱԹǶ
Ůɰ׵˴룬ŷ˲Ȱ֮ģ˯ţҪΪᳪһɡ
áڴȥŷı
ŷ˾Ϊĸ˫òȥƹƹԵڣ߳СᶯƸ˼ƵطС
ǰ볡ΣǸΡμжʱδĵֳ˾ˣǴһúãԸֿһ˲ò˵͡
￴״ԪɻǲֿУ¼ôãɼȷĵġ³ϵΪ˶£ô
ѽţȻʶԣѵѾ
ǣ׵Ķ˭ء벻ˡ
еǲ֪Щ޿޲ɵصͷԼһ㶼ģ³ϵεص˵ԴСɵӰǰ̫ˣμš
غߺѵ³ϻȥˡ
ܿ죬֮վ͵ˡǰһ㲼ʵģɵģģģܸоԼȷܺá
ǺܺҲûʲôãΪܿ죬ǾͲȫˡ
졢ҳɹˡ
ķΪǰ״ԪɣûбãٸԭְƺҲûˣһ䰮ʱҲԽԽˡ
ΪʲôµλԲ˳бԣ¼ǼΣ֪ʵǸ۲ŴԵľϧ̫ƫˡŵȰΣֲãֻǡµʧȥ̫ࡣ
Ҳ±һʱŭʲôҵȥ»ȡ
Ū˰
˵⻰ĵڶգλͱݺݷһ٣Űٹٴʮ壬ڽǵⷣ
빬£鷿ãȴֻڴɫ۽ǰĮˡ
ķ磬Ȳλ˴ĵ׸е
ֱĵףⳡصֱʵüʱպֶޱȡ
˻ŷ˱죬ҹġ
Сƹ߼ܿŷ߶Ӱ
˼ܾãⲢһ򵥵õΡ
ΪЩϸ̫ʵˣʵƺľ
ǣνδͲø꾡ˡ
ʹûǳͻĴͻ飬Ӧˡ
ջůţſڴϴĲ֪Щʲô
Ჽʱһ㶣δ˯
ҡҡͷ˯ˣˡ
һ´멣׾ͶԼС񣬡ôˣ
үһͷ
΢٣ȥ|ףʣô
һȻֹݺסһ㶼֡
ǿССʹں嶼Ҫʶ˦
үһҪЦЦźÿһ࣬ÿÿķˣүúˣܿ𣿡
ĬСӺӦ
ͷֽϵúܿġ
á
һһ˵ˣеС棬װң˵Ҳȫ㣬˭Ҽ޸˱ء
䣬һֱƢΪɫ΢΢ˣźۼذ֧ţʲô
лҪ˵Ǹ׽qaq

066

峿, ĴǰããһƬúܡ
ŷ˳ʱȡ˶ƽõģȵĮСָǶӵ򰡡
ǿɲǼ򵥵, Ƕ, Ƥᶳѡ
, С¥ʱø磬Ѿϴ, ڴ߻أԿʲô
ŷ죬վڽǶẰ, ߵ˶˶, ε, ա
ôоֵֹģŷһŵɻúö£һȲ, ڶʱ뵣Ц, ƽʵ㲻䣬ȥĮҪעЩ, Ƕֹ䣬ҪЩЩ, һĨС
ȥĮ˰꣬о˶ˡ
ĲɵӦţҲ֪ûȥ
ŷûע⵽״ݵ޲֧תź˵ģǺ
ʱ׼ʱŷּԴҲһֱľٶƫƣԼء
ôˣķ졣
Լţεۡ
ۣŷ㶣ᲽȥҸ
á࣬ģëˣȻͺá
ŷ˲ӦڼҪѰɴ
ѰɴʽСɣ֣Ϊʲôװεġ
ŷ룬С϶ϲЩɴֿʽʺϡ
λ´ˡ
˼ζûܴﵽԼҪЧļְɴһڽŷ˿ڵࡣ
⡭һʱס
һƣԱذԼУյ԰ҲŲƼ
ǰϸ۵İϣȻӡ˸ǳӡȻѰµġŷϻһƬֻԼײλСĹ뷿|Ȥ֤ݱǶء
ȴǱСȻң´ΣһҪҧȥ
ǡŷɫһ˲ƮƣĪˣүǶͷ
ǣӡǣǷ޼СɡŷĿҿȥǲٿ½˿λү顣
ԣʹʱɫЩ΢ô|ЩҲʶ⵽ʲôʱ̫̫ˣǺܳģԼԷҧ˲ӣʶΪһֱͳͷ
Ϊľ֮ǰ׽Ūҹһʱʧԡ
ѰЩҩcɡŷ˰һСĿģӡǲҩø졣
ţȥɡ̲סԾ˼ΣôӡʮӰԼòһʱٴεơСĳƺ
ʵŷȡҩȼϻ裬ŴգȻcɣԸǔcȫ
š⿪ڣΪָض
ŷɫԽú죬ֱϼֻǳǳӡǴֱӵݵǣ|ƫСһҲ
Ѿ£¶ɡ
ŷ˲²⣬Ⱦֲ֪ЩݣҲû뵽һۼȥµҲΪСǡ
زã̽ʵүҹ˲𣿡
㲻ϡ飬˵һκͲΪԼһʱʧԵǸˡ
ŷ˾Ҳǣҹ߶ûءοҲ󲻳Է޳ܵģ
ΪŬһ⻰|жɬԿڣʣүô
ҡͷŷ˸ȻүȻϧס벻ͨǣѰ˼ҳ޶˽̵뷿֮£ȴһ㲻֪أ
Ȼ²֪һѱܻͼȥ˸顣ɱܻͼͬڻ޾飬һҲʣҲͻЩ˼һѸٽ׵Ժ
ݲһɶҪƾҹľٶ룬ǾԲܵġ
ãȔcҩŷҲδ˵ֻʰʣǡӦȥˣʳȡ
šԴллˡ
ŷһЦ
ֱתС¥ŷ˻̲סΪԼСܶ죬ͬʱлһġ
ʱķﲻʲô³飬֤ʲôɱ˲գ۵ıһʵʵѪѰӶѡ
˵˲ء
ŷ˳˺Ժƹݳڣŷֵúܣ峿İ
ôˣʡ
С̽ԴãŻأƺѰ˵ģƹǱ߶أҿЩˡöԸ
Сŷ˲ⵣǣ˻߳ȥѯʣôˣ
ѰʲôݹƹһˮǰƷǷƹʱڣҲˣݹȷʵǾƹûиϵ
ŷƤһ֧ӣգ
ӵƺͷˣͻȻսѷһ
ôû
ƹЦ͹٣⡢⡭
ľԴҡͷҪ˵Ѱ
һﾪˣ·㣬ƹ˲ºɾһʾ£Χ߳󺺡
͹ٵ˭ƹãǰôôµģҾȻ֪
ֻЦЦҲװģʵǡò֤ݣǼ֤ԶԶ˦˺ͷ
ɴ˫ֳԺһ첻µزµģ˭һ֪ˡ
Ȼǲܵġƹһݣ̳ȥûʽ꣬ɣҲؼƽʧ
ƹȥŰпƬ̣ƺоʲôľʱ㳯
΢̧һߣľʲ֫
˳ȥ
ӶͷĿȻģҰԣλؾ
ֻʣкιɣ
ҵ⣬һʼ˵÷ǳһָԼڴˣҾһ̡
⻰˵ʵ|ƹ񼸸̲סðԵ񰵰ȥĪİĽ׷ˣ
ƺͦģϾò
Ϊ£
Ҳ󷽣кǰ£үҲᣬҴΪΪҴ챨֮û뵽һЩСϢҪүȥĮˡҿɲδͶλԸ׷ˡ
ôĿƹĵֱ˵үأֻ֪Ǹʲôɫ
಻ʶдɣ̸ºҪڳıְλȷʵѡ
һ˼
үŷ˲죬ƹ²öԣԥȥ˼
⣬ӡ֮ǰˣŷ˰ɽŲ˲ҲǺԼ˭
ţ̧ҪǰȴССһԴҲ
úˡ
Ŀתż޷üòѾԶͶǰǸӺŴ׸Сغˡ
м˲վߴڵ˶ȥ
ƺ˵ʲôںУǴӻͳһŴ׸ǵ𣿡
ƹ&ŷˣŶ


067

ؽ, ڵļ˴۵СۣĬĬƬ̣˼
ӵļʱ£˵֪Ϊޣޡ游ҲǸʫ, ϧȾ, ޺СʱˡΪκĸ׽³, ݡ
޵ʱݹҲǼܺƭ, һƬŴ׸ܻһӣϳŴ׸⡣ϧĸײ, ´, 游ץס˸, ʱ³ү˰κĸס
̷ĸ޾ȥͶ˱, һСξȵλٸЩȥ³ҺСû뵽ȡһСξְ֮, ʹĳ֪뾩ĮϢ
룬ٲ, ԺɾûлˡһԺҪ£ʱȥͶҲᱻΣҲ˾
˵, ôӡǵõģʵǸ游Сˡ
û뵽ǰλ
ƽĶۣ˭óһͽҲ㹻˷ģˬʶ󷽣ֻǡô˾м΢أ
ƹȼ̲סһֱ͵ɮ޵ʱҲֻƤ
ģ׽ЩʧΪܼʲôүԴ󷢵ĳء
޵үңҲԹԡֻλҸһ·׻ЩΣա
˵⻰ʵ򿴵ֻмһˡ
΢գۣԴˣ޺ø޶Уʵ
ڣ˵лＸں󷽣ܿ㵽
ǡ
ͬʱ
ͨ
ԶԶ˦˺棬ƺֹͨô򵥡
Ƭ̣ףɡ
ƹ¶ϵ飬ŷЩԾŮ˼˼Ϊүῴߴ˶ܾء
ⲻ֪ǰţ޽¶Լһ˼Ľˣڽݲˡ
һֵһ·ϼİΣҲܸбϡ
Ͼ֪ҪԼ֮л˾Իѡ

ͷʱлڵִƹݣ̤ŵɲǣƵʱ񶼲һˡ
ƴƴǰô絽˵գĪܷɲɣ
лһ౻֪ݣвǾȻδӪôһ
úЩԨԴȻպҲһԱͽָҪǶ֡
лһˣ˿١
¶֮ɫ˽ţҪ֣һ·͵ƹݺᡣ
·ʱԤϵˣȷʵǻʵܵ|̳ġԸǶûҲս£ҲֻǸżС˸Ļᡣ
үлĿ¶⣬үȻ׵һˣ
΢΢ҡͷα֣ڡ
ǲŶԷǲڻɣлĥۣżȻżãһ˼ֱĥԴ
˵ү򽻵ǶǵĻ
ѵֻҪλͶܺú˵ҪĦ˼ô
һ㶼ǵߵ̲ܡ
ҡͷԣȥ˾ƹݴСЪƹɴӴȣרۡ
ⳡ⣬ǰĮĶӦķɢģССؾۣǽЩˡ
ʱɴĬĬػС¥˸Ĭ
װҲһأǡĳ˵ĽŸסˡ


ӭˡ
أȻϿģˣĻҲʮĺ
˼죬Ȼ˾䲻ֱܸеĻҲҵס
ޱ֣ȥʰһһˡ
˵ͶԼѺ͵æµ
ͷۣ˰Σ׼ð뿪ʱסš
۵Сۣ䣬ʣΪ
ۣ¾ͱѣΪء
İѺ͵ķźã಻ںͨͨ϶ȥָԼӡү֪˲Ȼҧһô죿
Բ۾һɣװͰͣүǼңᣬÿ
򴽣ǺЩ޴ӣüǾǵĪû뵽ҧ
ǣҲʵһʱ֡ܽйҧȡ
˰ΣٴθɰͰ͵ûС
ûУָûмʡڼУ˵ûбᡢÿ
ŭʢŮУʲôǺûǡ
Դ˵ӻݡ񶾣˵ԡԲ˵ÿ
ǱˣþֱӶˣǰΪҲϲүίһ
ˡ
޵ĶʵСƹॵĶһʱ˶˺Ժ̧ͷС¥
üͷ壬סҪȥлＱæסҪʲô
ү
л֪ȥʲôأ
Կ
УСȻֻбѹƵķݶ
лﶼҪЦˣһĶֱУѵү䰮ô޳ܣһ˲ʲô֣ȷȥǸŮңҪӡ
֪˵үԷ϶Ҫãлνġ
㣬֣üͷšģֻҪһϰνȥļơ
лĹӶ̲ס˸ۣǸүͶϵµС
û뵽үȻأ
סԵ˼лǳ˻صãʵҲޱȡ
С¥ƹԼĪһӣ˵ҲϰһӣǵλӵİΣץӷεֳˣүռϷأ
˵ıʹÿɺˣү˰ɣ
ǣxingģzai磨le磨huo£ɫޱȣ֪߻ΪһʲôҴ¡
һӺǱظ˳Զ׼ǼռϷ硣
ҲûôݣȻñˣֻܽҪˡ
û³¯ҧȥתһȦٻء
˼ڱЦСʱպü֮䣬ѡǰߡ
ޱ飬ʷ׳ʵãһ˲䣬˵鶼Ǵ͵ģ͹󣬱ͷƴЦӶĳţܡ
û취˭ܼүģ
ĶЩĸ׷ãΪССŴۿۡЩˣ˵۶Ҫˡ
ͣڴһ裬¥ܷԼ뿪õĺȻЦҲʵûȥѵǼСӡ
ǺܹԾʱһıĵУҺүƽ
Сķʽƽ
ŻͷɰŮʣʲôҲҪʲô
šգ۲ȷʲô𣿡
˵ŲίԼڲԼ¡
ңҲûúܹѽ
ףߵߣɨ۾ԼպҪԼĻС
á
лҪ˵ǿһǰɫġ

068

ѩ׷ɵĻʳ, ¥ѩ㣬ںХı֮£Ĺ˲䶼ĴҴңݡ
ѾŶˡ
ٳѰӳʹ, ¼, ʵۺͻʺͷ˴ѡ
˹ͬġС, ޶˲丧ƽìܣá
һҹ, ۺ˺ײ޹Сޣʱչ, ʺصĿ
ڵƻͨ, ȼ˵Ҳδй, Գߵױ̨ǰ
ʺ˰ξգŮ˵ˣҲ̸̬, ڲϲµ͡ʹз飬еƣ޷Ρ
ô͡ģˣѵĻʺЩã, л費֪գܾ, ԺصԼġ
ڹʱ˭ϣԼԶǸСأ
ʱҲǸഺòŮ, ûаǳһֻСӶɱ
٣ڼ֮ǰġ
㱼䣬Ӿ˳ĽϻһᣬһƵص¡
ʹȣҲز
ʺҲ֪㣬˺ðΣֱһܾŵġ
ʵ˯ÿڿȱˮн˰ӦֻԼ齡ˮûţȼŲԶǶɢһͷĳŮŵͣ
޵ôһֻŮ
ŮͷתҲĻ꣬ػصڵڣҲ˰
ʵ¸ܾè͵һܣܵ˴ţ㡢㡭ĪҪӣаý
ӲӲ񡣻ʵиԼ仰ȻԽ룬Խµ
ʺһ㶣ѹüһšں˵ôأôŮ
Īǻɣ
ôô
ָʵ۱ϳˣؿڣԭǻʺ󰡣ʲôޣ˯úúõأҲֳһǶôأ
ʵʵ۸ᣬŵԭؼݱ
ͬ꣬ʺο˼ǺһЦָƮû𣿡
ʲôԣ
˵ҹԾᷢܿԼġ
ʵۡһȻ⴫ԣûС棺Ǿ϶Ǹŧ
ܿԼɷǰģ
ȿȿȡʵͿȣôĴԲģ
ʺüԸвͬºͳģһҲ
˵գ˻ľϵĴѺڷһȥ
˶ģֹ¶ȣ顣ʵʱƣԸøƽϷſͷϵ£ֻɽˮǡ
ʲôʱƫСŮӣϧ
ôƫƫҪõĻʺôƢ
ʺ󣡻ʺʲôأŵĻʵۣһͷƤʹԭǻʺسסͷһҲ˴ѡ
ȻŮ˼ҰʵҲǺעݵģ촽Ǵ治ͷ϶øø
ôһͷͺ˰ɣʵ۽ŵͷããвͷš
ʺ˿веһͷʵЦ»ǺһµúܣαɫѵˣʲôλҪΪֳеλã
Щǲġ
ʵɫһϣں˵ʲô
ͻʳֵǳԶԸἰ˿ڣʵ۲ǸܳĺݵˣˣλͲģˣǲúߣҹʱռݡ
ΪôһΪ˵ģʵ۲Żᷴ޳̬ʱ׽͸
⸱ģ£ʺɲ塣ǣŻʵ۵žž˦ȥ̵ûʵ۶䷢ۣں˵ʲô˵㵽ʲôöϲϣɱɱѶϣ󳤹վǱȥѣɽܲ𣿣
˵Խ߿ʵ໰Ҫӣһȴһ޴ޱȵ룬˲©ګګɽɽҲ֪
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪʺ俴Щ֣ɽڴˡ
ʵܼʱ֣뵽ɽ֡
ʺԼе״ʹ඼˻ʵۣΪԼǱȵģ£ʵҲ
뵽ɽδ̥һӵʾٴļ䣬ʵۻ㱲ѡ
Ȼٴαʺƴˡ
ʺҲÿ˵Ƶ⣬ʵ۲ǻȻͲһ⡣ʱٲűλ
ޱȺԼôʵҪռлıˣ˰ôֵõΪʣ
㱣ػУ
ʹð䣬ʺҲ治ɫش˺齣ĿɿڴĹȡ˲֣Ǽأ
ȹﻹҪ
лҪʡʺϣһɨɫĻʵۣޱ̤˷ѩ
õʵ˵Ͻһ̿˵Ķ˵˳
Ȼʺʲôǰ֮ĻŹ񣬵ʵȼкػһΣú֡
ʺԸţǵĳӵԤ֪δ
ȻδΪй¶Ѿ˸ı䣬еǼ·ߣѰˣѾױˡ
ûϵʺŻиڵȴԼھ

糾ã֪һն࣬ǾҪĮеСɣԱһС
ϣһֻвݿеСӡ
ûֻвѰ·Сӣڱɹ¶һδס˻
ʵԵΪȡԵԵ
˴ԵԵĶӣĥĥָ۽һȻǲķ⣬ʱȥ
ûʳûлҲûȤ£ֱҪήqaq
С복ڣ⸱ģݸ
䲻Ǻöӣﻵˡ
ү۰Ͱͣȥ
ɡϣһӦ£ɳܸһ
ɳĸоʹùģҲֻһѡ
ƵģҲ֪˭СϢƹʧɫȫǵĴΪͣŽôСС
֮ԸоԼʱź֮ɫʱһҹ˰ͶڴĿ⡣
ٲͨ£Ҳ֪Ŀǰǲܻеġ
οֽҪʱ̣Ϊʲôô˶ڵ£ѵĸүϺ
ⲻ֪ȫ˶ԡˡ鲻ԽĹذϾǵв˱СɺӶܴˡ
ذ֮֡
ҲСһ˱ԱԵԵͣ½ݵĶһ˫۾ǡ
ɲߣأʵӲЩֺȣʯͷ
ίԼʯͷϣԼϵĴֲѣ̲סʣĮǲǺѽ
ʲô
ǲûкóԵľ¥ûкÿѣûкòϣÿ˶סڲڵɳСӡ˵˵ţᶼҪˡ
ЦãⶼĶģĮǺ಻˵ھǶԣôӵôһأܲǸ
İЩ˵ˣҲˣˣŴ׸⡭
޶⣬һǡ
û˵ͱֵסҲ֪ģŴ׸ͲӰӣڵ˺Ҳû߰
ûŴ׸⡣ȵ
มҲ۾ۣ棬ʲô
ûʲô治ɫȻˡ
˵ţӻͳһ̶⡣
ϾѾüŴ׸ϲת䡣
лҪ˵Ļboy
ȣո~~

069

ܵ, Į
ڹʱٹĮĴԣ˵ӡϡ٣ҲܲӴ˵صİջûʲôı
ոһ, Įһ
ûԸ⵽, ӵôһصûС
˻˵, ķزĮǸΪĵĻһ, ϧ;֣Ϳȵ۱һȦ, СôһƵط
ǰ, һֱյ޾񣬵˾˵Įصһ, һĻһƬɳЩԡ
ӽԺҪϺóһʳˡ
̾һ, øֱԼųһ, Ҫһʱʵ
ȷۼĻ, ܻҪЩ̹Ȼġ
̬ȣ෴ͦϲС⽫̻¶ŵģʱơ
дƵ, ǺӲġ
˼ǣˣٻҲ
ǲ˼
䲻󣬵Ҳ֪Ӧиߴ׳Ϊ٣ڼһΣֻҪá
лҪŽУ
һ˸УϷ˺СҲúˡлｫĵȵ˴ЩʣµĶ֪֪׵ļӣԺҲʰãүɻʲôҪǰģ
ڷصлܻҪϤ֡ϾھǵǼ꣬л
Ϊˣ̫Ӱ£лҲһҲޣĮ
˭뵽ôʱ䣬Ϊͻѵ˸ĺء
л̾Ȼ뵽εĮԼαЦ
ðЩɨһ䡣
лһһӦˣҲԤϣСǽｿĹܹĮүһԿѾܲˣûҪֿøõĵطȥ̡
ڼһӾͶ˵ݳˡ
ݳǺټģֻһˣ˵ܷϢʱźŻ÷ʳŮпһ˲õԤС
Ǽ㣡С˹ȥܼͷǲǼҪ
ܼοףǣаգүҪˡ
һ·˾ޱȣܼҵҲÿյ£³⣬ͷʯء
ʣү
Ϊү͵Ϲϵ鲻ãϵĮ˳谮
ܼƳһۣȵִĮգȻ˽˵˼ʮ˶δףΪһү
ϧûСڣүҲкġ
мͬ飬ܼҵ㲦үƣѰܱȡ
ʾ⻳СҲʮϲ
˳ȥֺλСҲȫȻΪүмڡСʵź򣬸׽û뵽
һͷ֪ܼҵ˼澶ġ
ĶЩ˻ǲġ
еۺڣҲĴ˼ɡڰĽŮӣϡ٣ϾҹŮɲǼ򵥵ȨƼ֡
Įͬķأ仰˵Ļʵۡپۼ˵أҲһʱգ˼ʵ
ϧȱһЩ֪֪ˣҲһϡ
һ·˽Է糾ͣҲһȣΨϸСһ·裬״̬õҲɡ
ɲôʵͷߣȲø·Ҳõʲô£һ·Ͷι˯Ȥط飬¶ͷ羰
Щ˿˶࣬û뵽үôϸ
СĽȷʵӦҪúúǻ
˵ȵȵ뷨ͬʱֵǰӭʱҲһͬð˳
ӭӣΪһջطĵģͬʱүߴĶЩˡ
ϣ΢΢ףֿ΢΢һʲôˡ
˭ܽүȥ
ʶλе
ǹ²⣬΢΢ζһֻݰ֡
չ£ֱֻּ׵ûۣϸò˼飬һŹâ
˶£ţһϸӰ˳ʱүޱ͸º͵󲿷Ƶ
ͬʱһ顣
⻹үǲǱʲôˣ
ϱһ·ʵָò࣬οҪࡣ
׹ԹΪ磬תһʱһƬƵͶעĿҲû
ֻĮ뾩ǡϵȵȻȻͬĮҲҲзֵ˶ɾ˶
οɫ
ĮЩ˿ĸܣǶԣΪȵĲòʡ峿ŵܽޡֺƸճΪ޹СᣬС۾һգǱ밵ء
%&*#ôɰ
үǶҪ̲סĽˡ
ĿϰˣϾ֮һƬޣһҲûоƫʣ𣿡
ˣҲ
ףһǰߵϺȻʲôֶӭ˵˼仰һ·Ͷ٣ۣڸظҰɡ
˵ˣҲˣĥĥԭزԸ뿪ĲүǿСС
ӡүĳҲԵĪɰء
Һü֪뷨ȻЩ󺺵Դ
ЩĮˣͷٲȻθĺӶԣôôߵļɲСÿɰô
ǰӭӵĺļˣ̲סգ۾ĵЩʲôʵʱ׵һߡֻλСʵСò˼顣
վүߣȫֺáԣүɫٺЩfunv˰
ھʱڴ󲿷ֶǸߴӵҲйʲôоϾǶвٻһŮĮ
ĬĬЩŮٱ߰ͷ
ĪСʱȺˣڳдĸо
ָоܿ챻ˡ
㡪СشǰסֱĻˣ㣬ȵÿˣÿճҲԲ˯Ҳ˯ãˣ
СӶĮĵĴõģĬĬ졣
֮ƢСӣͬѵģβڼűߴȥͼ
ȻᱧǣߣߣСԴתȦӺСأ
ǶԺʰһжܼף˿ЦӯӯģϸĿҲеź
ȻźǳС
еźۼ߿˿ȥϴ
ˡܼҵԡѱãүͬȥ


070

뾩, ĮĲˮɳʳ﷽档ЩʵѰնԣȨ׼ֻҪҪͿü뾩޼
ԡ, ƳԡرߵĹϹ, Ȼ뵽һʫһ쳾Ц, ֪֦
ҧ˿ڸˮĻ꣬˽, ġȻԴˮһ꣬һ, ʱˮð
Ȼһ˵, ˮСݵģɵĻ, ߳߸ĺڷˮʪҲϢ
˵ʱԡصģͲòܼҵġ˼롱, ȻԡǶһ޴ʯԡطֳ, ͺƻȪ
һԻĲʺͺߡ
Ϊ˸˴ܻ, ܼҷѾĻ˲ٻɵ
ʯ󣬼ˮ˻Ϳ, ϸ˼£Ȼÿĸоࡣ
ҪԻꡣͳü㱻պĻҭס
˼£۾ˣˮﱻǺסС
ίǿʳġ
Ҫǣĺ𰡣ˮʱ̣ƬĻ꣬ġ
Ĭ£ĿڣҪ̫ࡣ
Ĺƽ˼ܳ谮ĳͳɫòԳʳĵֿ䱡
һֻϲζѡһƮˮ棬΢΢ˮʹ֫ϸʸ̾
΢ֵĸоⲶ׽һϸİףǵ촽Եø̼й١
Ŀƿ΢ֵ˾䣬Ҫ̫á
š˵ŵļ۾һƮȥ͵͵ʯϣԴ̽ȥ
ССĶƽƫͶһ˫ۣסҲ飬һЦ΢΢ڷ൱ɰ
ǲߵģҲ˽㣬˶٣ʣôˣ
뿴ү·ʱʲôģ

˵û죬ĶȾɫԡˮأҲ˷
ʶпø뷨ԡ
ԡҲһѽʣүڲ˼𣿡
棬֮䲻ʲôԵ𣿡
ڹʹʶʲôģǹɡ
ţȥˣ۽΢ˮŲ˹ȥҪڣЩӤʵͱһ˫龾ס
Уڳݲط޷ޣүʲôѣ
δϴ治ɫϴѼСݺ|˱飬ʣ뿴ʲô
뿴ˡĸͱѹʵþͲֶ
Ц˽˿̵˼ʮͣЩ̫ˡгԳֵ˼Ľʱֺγû
ϧ޷ССģΪ޷֤Լܹ͵סʱ򣬲ʺʲô
ѺˡһüԴһߣֻˮʶʲôʱѾ뿪ԡء
һӣ仰ȥ¡
߸ıӰתתٶȳˮ˻ƺŵ͵͵Ц
ЦСС˼ƺǼ򵥵Цһѡ룬ûһԼշΪʲô
ƬϹСԼӦ£ζ˷Լ
һ·ϡӵĻͻȻס˵һ·࣬ԼӲʱȻ֣ȫˣûбڱݣЩأϸܣƺô⡣
ѵֻһ·أһ·ȴɽˮ
ӺʵϵذлʳҲʵϴ𣬡ʣѧ
˵úеӺСΪȻ
СʼһְԵū澱ȹ缸յִ֪ū澷ʲô𣿡
ʲô
;ǵȫͬС룬Ȩ󶼶־£Ҷ࿴һۣͬϲúܣϸϵΪ١
Сָͷū⼸֪ģŮ޸үԼ޸үˣѾء
Ҳž̾ô˵үӵǱ
ɲǡС棬ҪСģū澷໰ˣЩͶͱֶβɾүϵˡ
šת𷽲ԡ֮£С٣ϵǵˡ
СɻҪʲôֹסʳ˰ա
һЦ֪ء
ĮʳеɫΪչ˼θڣٲЩǱ߶ʳ
רûô֣ʲô
Ρ
أ
ˮ档
Ͳ衣
͸⡱

ʵԽ࣬Խ࣬Խ΢΢ġ
׻ǱȽϺú壬ֻЩʳ㹻üʺһˡ
ıΪھǽԲЩʳû뵽Ե£θڻʮֵúãүõûҪЩ
ľսؿϵĶʧСĿУĥǶӺҲôôȫȥˣ
ûгԹܵʳˣվ˷ţ̵ģԳŵСǶҡȥƵúĶ̲סǰСġ
˰֣ϸĴú΢Сϻһ㣬ЦСأϲ
ʶԼ˼Ȼ񣬵ȵȣǰĽүģӦʧǰ
ͺͬ뷨ģвŮǷ֣ԼʵǺСĶУô󣬻һСŮ˭ء
ҪǣСǺү׽񣬾˵źүǱʾǣҲֻһۺּʳˡ
С衱ܾúиеӡ
㱻СˣҲʶôమĽߣҪЩ˺;ǵĹŮȽʵ̫ӡˣȻ񾩳ǵ΢׽ЩҪٽһ
ǶԣĳԵӢۣǰĽȻģҲȻң䵭ôһλȫӷܼӺøеС󡭡
˷֣Լеƽˡ
ԭ/үʵӵߣ˹˶ʱպǾȻү޶˵֧ߡ
֮ǿ˴һ͸ˣܻ˷ܣʱĥǴദĻᡣ
Щ˿ܼҵˣϾү곤̫٣үæµչȥõõ²ܼСӰ
ΪֲĵǣȻµĽʱ̣ԼӵĶŮ鳤

ûоá˶ֵֹģһգСᷢʱô˾䡣
ˣ
֡Сôʣ׽ӽģ
ԣô˵ȫЩԸչҪ׽ġ
˼أţҲùֿ֣ɰġ
׼ˣĮܲˮϵĲʣɺͲƣû뵽ЩУɳ˲ôգͲʧ١
ǼĶǿʼϤףҪүΪԼˡ
Ĳ䣬ָߵء
ǼҪԴˡﻹã˸ҶӺСĽСӣ䶼֪ԴЩĺ¶һƴȰĿ⣬Ƶ˻ë
˵ǶǳԴ׳ߡС
˼£żԳԴζãóԾԲаǻǱɣͦõġ
ӺСÿɷǸŹôãҲϰ˾ϸʳ
ͼϴļ䣬̤ţܼұп븮үڸУֻ
дôһֻݽϸߵݲŻˣɻĮ˭ݸߣȥǰ
ǰŮӣǸֱͦϣ΢һĮģ
תͷʱ׹ܼΪʲôҪԼˡ
ˣүĸú
лҪ˵#Ա#
#ȫԱչ#
Ϊʲôǲдǰ

071

ϸ, ɲԺĮ߰Ѽ´˸飬ս֡
һ棬ûݣȶԼڳ˳ס
ƺ, ˵һ޺ģѯʶݡϸ˲, ŮӱЩн, Ħĸɫڡ
ĸѰ׵ġĸүĸͬ, Ϊ֤, ү֪
ĸͬãǱˡ, δүôһλѵǰ׽ô
ܼСūҲôµ, Щ£λϷ˲н˭Ҳ֪ȥĶ
֪кεȵġԵ֡, ү˷غǰܼۡЩ䵭ɨ˶ˡ
ʱü꣬ʱѰ, ܼҵҪļ֣ɵ񡭡òɶ˵ıġ
ͷ, ˿ڲ裬ŮӵȻҪүֱܷ棬ҾͲˡ
Ը, ܼҺд
ŮֹȴֻܿżƵ뿪
ĸѵλʲôʾûУֱӰŮЩ޴룬ʶбϸˣȻҲ򴽺ܲ˵ӡ
λĪү˶ģ
˵ļתͷǰȥѰ˻Ϸһšλϸ˵΢ЩŮܲ˵ЩҲһǶôһ߰׽ģŲίԼء
ʲôţҲȥϾλϸ˿ӭӡ
ܼҵǺ⣬ϸҪּòҲһˡҲˣԸ뿪ģɲ
˵ĹܼԣȻҲʵʵرֳĬΨϸ˺ŮܽҲģǶȥеһҲҪļơ
ͬǵƣתͷͻÿɿģϷΪڡ
Ϊչ˼λӣǶѿСͻڱ˭øʱԵһΡ
Ϸ˻䣬һһСѸٶ𿴻СɲƷơ
ϧǰ˿ʵѸٵļ¡
û۸СУлίͰ͵̽ҪСһŶ
šӦһ̾ͻֻ̾ỳŶĴˡ
Соˣ첻ˣûޡ
ұұϷ³壬ҲҪڹ꣡
ɵƮ£ͻô׽Ϸ˿һڵġ뵽һκϷģܾúʳ޲š
มϷģԼԼˡ
Цҿ˿ʱƽˡ
̫̺һĻѽ
ʧЦҲסϷˣȻүˣҲֻϷ˵ˣӵķݶ
´̣ʣôûȾԥ£ɴվԴԽ˴УһȦδԴմһȦĭ
ɾȥ
һɵذӺ߲øɸɾֿ˺ɰСƣȥ޸硣
ţϲͲ裬Ƿܵطʡ
޸
ЦСӣүϷ˼ĸأ
ֱ׳ǷһСү浱ȻҪͬˣͽʱˣ
ͱĿƵö£ҲҲûô
뵽ʲôתȦң޸Խôãǰȥ̽飡
ССͻô̽飬һ㡣
ֻ˵ɰźе棬ûʲô
Ҫǣ˶֪游дΪʹڼҲ˿ָժʲô
ӦкܶҪС
ͦأСү棬ˡ
仰ǵΧ˵ЦСС竵ģ̫ɰˡ
˵ԼƢԣ޶ȴȫƻ¡лΪкͣһȺദ˻⣬Ҳں˽ȥ
ȥɡСȫǷ̬ȣǵó緹
šæСˡ
ϷҲСԣڼúЩֻҪһЩȤĻٺһЩʳϷ˾ˡϷ˳ʵ֣ķͬճɹҪɫ֡
һʱȥϷ˱ҲˡÿնúҩȹҩҪ˯Ϻþãʱȥ鷿
ݲ³ϼѾɹȥ˽ϵƫԶش˵ӣҲʣΪǲʲôƶС򣬶ǿ˺ӸóʮƵ˵ֻռ˸Զ֡
³΢ôԭںŻؽϣ³ж̶һ¼ռ˲Сλá
Уյʮ⣬һ³΢һݲ˷ⶼݼԡ
ԴӳΪ̫ѧݼԵѧһǧɿ죬ݵ䶼дôŸǰչʾġ
ĿֱһĿʮУݼŵĴݣһѾƽִˣǳãʳҲܶࣻѾٵִ̫ǸţĮǲǺܿడϽͶɣ㰡
ȻдŵôʺͿǿų˲٣ݼԵŤˣϾֲǼ¾ġ
³΢Լ࣬˵˶һ˹ȥΪݲҲʾλ󲮣ϧ˼Ҳţһߡ³ϻؾغ˵Щ¶ģ͵͵һˡ
Ŷ˰죬Ƿоˡ
鰸ɢһֽţСһ𣬲⿴ݼԵţ̿үѧĽˡ
Դͦá
ѧȻãûѧҲûѧʵĻǰ͵ﶼûǿȹֳѧʶڸᡣ
ңݼ秵˵ܷϾЩòܿס
һת뵽ôֳˣȡʡɫС뻭
һԼ򵥼ʹն̬ϲ֮ҲŮſʯϺ˯ֳ︡˼ϸȥϡֱܷ³ϵ˵ģ⻹ʳ
һһˣԼĳɹʮ⡣
ҹȻ룬ȻԼһ档
ٿɫȻˡ
ү𣿡
Сܼ˵үտ»زˣúϢ
áӦúܹԣԼѾ˰˵ĳ̶ȣΪԴӵĮһնûҲһζûֹ
ѵͻ
վ·ǰʱæµ˳˾䣬п𣿡
һͣ£ǽ峿λ˵һҪүء
มԺһ룬˵ӡѾˣǾȰɡ
Ҫϴϴȥ˯
лҪ˵Ϊɶ췴ѽ췴ĹҲдֻؾ˰0-0

072

ʱչ, Ʈ˴ѩ㡣
ѩӺ£֮У̲ספ, ̧
ѩɶ, µѸ, ʱһ㡣
̤ѩϣżҹѩ̤, ɪ
һںָ⿪, ոк£
ܼȥѰ, Աµסº֪
λ, ԳϷ˵ͬãǰѰүܼԼ࣬ūһ, ԣһҪү
, ȷʵϷúѰڿͷҹ
Ħָ, Ϸôһݣʱ棬ϵ١
, ĵģ
ܼ˿²޴ϸҲʵ
ʱѾˡܼѣүȥõСʳԡ
Ҳáºʱֻţʱеȷ
˼ͷñŮ߱ӭײ
΢΢Ůӱײ˳
졣
ܼһأȷʵүظˣֹҹ£
ĸҹﷸ˿ȼȥֹ
һܼҹ۲Ůɫһ澣ȥɣʱҹֹﻹǲҪڸߣⱻˡ
ֹɫ΢죬Ҳſֹ뿪ˡ
ọֻ̈̄һۣ޶Ŀ⡣
ֻڣһ۵ֹɺ˲ٶ
Ӧүġã
Ϸ˺СӽΣʡ
ܼЦοţܺãСϲ˺һ档
Ŀ΢һ֣á
仰䣬߳£ԺС¥פ㡣
ѩҹΨһĹâС¥Уֻ뵽һڰ˯ŮüĿȫȻˡ
̫ˡƬ̺ȥ鷿˯ߡ
һ㶣үֻΪ˿һȥ鷿ЪϢǻʹǱ˯ء
Īǵĳô˼һȥЩСʳ
¡
Ѿ϶үطصľٶв֮ģگүؾϷҪջطء
ջطһ˵ǲܵġĮ˾ǹϽȻмԸͬĹԱǱɱǱ
Įүһá
Ҫǵģ˭˺Ƥ
ү˵ٵȵȡ
үȵʲôʱ򣿡̲סʡ
꣬ʣ£Ϊܳɣ
ɣڣʮꡣ
ףڼ䣬ֵΣ
ƽ
ˣĳвѪģսУЩҲȻ
үǰһĸ𣬴δ뵽Щʱ˼ȴôˣ
Ŀ΢͸ǰγĲˮ˼һ·ͷ羰ģ
ƬɽӵĿãԵö컣ȻǼΪϲЩġ
ϲʻķ⣬æµоĻȾԾҲ飬ʱ꣬ѧȥЩ羰
ʹմȾսЩһ桢Ϊҽ׿ϧ
󳤹˰΢ġ
ȳоƷ仯ԱʱܵҪࡣ
մʹ࣬Ҳࡣ
˼ӣǲ֪ӵ飬үа֮ġ
ⳡ̸ôˡ
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ܿ뵽֮ǰСȵִĮʱƲֵģŻָС
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ԺеЦͷϸ˻ۣǸʲôǲˣ
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в⣬ȲׯҲ浾òãӺݶҹ㣬еξأ
ڣδС̰棬˿أһĸ
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ŮӺ˽ĸĸϾδݣҲС
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ϸһ̸鼫ãΪһʱա游Ǩȥ˱أϵŵЩǺãҲȵˡ
ϸ˵ʲôŮһӦǣ֪ĸֳˡ
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ĸʱЩʺĸϵģվ᲻á
˵ĸһԲλʺ¡
һɢɢžǱӦա
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ֹͿһ͵ܼ·Ҫ
ܼҵϲС
ܼѸ٣ת۾
·ÿնɨѩһ·ͨ衣
һμǵ´˸ۡǵظ֮ڡ
Ѳһְʮ־ȡ
ӭǰҪ飬ү𣿡
ţ𣿡
ڣ
δֱ꣬·ߡ
ݵӰѩؼ䣬޲ԥ粽׷ȥ磬캮ע塣
ӵ־ǰ㣬˾䡰лл
ģֱӵĸо
չ¶Цգȴá
һ㶣ֻܿһδԼ
һƺҪȥʲôȫ̶
Ӧֱֱһ顣
𣿡
ţ䡣ֶˡ
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лҪ˵Ű棬ֵĸоһ~~
ϵ£֪˽ƶڷƶһߵģΪ2019ȫƶʱ䣬°궼æ裬ڵλѾ˽45춼פݣ٣½
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ڳ, ʶ
ʣǰľٶҲˡ
һȺֻд̺үĲүǣ˸пһСƯ⣬Ҳû뷨ˡ
ɫǻ裿Ƕү˵ǲܵġ
˶ʮ־
үҪȥʲôͰƴһ, Ҫ, ֻʣ˫Ĵۡ
ȥѲӾӪ, Ҫȥ𣿡
á
ѩͣȽ, ǰЩ, 㱧ҡ
šٴιӦ, ֻסǰľȥ˲䡣
Ĵ΢΢Ӳ, 
䣬һ֮΢
ϵϢ, ŷѩ֮Уڼ۵ϱ, ˼룺үܰɾ⼸նԡ
ֵÿޡ
Ƴѩ׵Ƥë, 𵱳İȡ
ү͵ĵڼţ
үӱ
˵Ů, ³ƺ͸Ķ̵ֱ˼
͵ţ
ҵİھûд
˻𣬰ǵԳ
뾩ʱȻƥ
һƥ
ҡͷŲҪүҵĵһƥѽ岻ͬôñ档
ǻΪԵĻˣƺһжǰ
˴Ӿ
Ҳã̫鷳ˡ̣ñķֲѽ
ʲô
ȻʱѾܹƯϣʱֽ顣
ûһ˿ִ
үʱҹͺˡôһ䣬űҪ
ǾĮദʱ̫ˣҪһ
Ѱ
룬⼸Ȳˣϰˣټһ
ţܺá
΢΢䴽˿Цģ
ɣģʱԡ
ʲôбҵģ
룬˼ǣĶͶ
ͻȻ䣬ԡ˫շ̸У̧
ҲûкȰġ
ôƫƫ
˼죬ڼĸˡ
Ͼôδദˡ
Ӫǰ
һԾ£ٱ˼
λϴĿƯƣװûǱߣʵⶼҪˡ
ٺٺ٣ү鰡ɲ
ĮأŴϣıҲòڡ
ֲڣչϡ
ڸʱ͸߲ܵ졣
òϰЩ߸ߵŮµ˾ӪĬˡ
վߣ͵͵˽ż⡣
˾ͿԭүСĢ㣬̵һࡣ
ҲʲôرעĶɵʱѵ˵Ŀ۽ڴˡ
ԣ˶ۼ֤ߡһĻ
Ǵ㶣Ц
ڴ󲿷˶ϸѵײЦһһĶãĻ
Ҳѧˣһʱżⲻѡ
ֱھӪתһȦżʱСЪŷߵĲͬ
δע⵽£Դɵ룺ôգͳô
Сͣȷڳ塣
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ʱףղżʲô
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ɰͰͣѵÿ٣еɡ
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תȦүãҲ
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͵ЦЦ
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Сģ˼ϲ
ţҧɻ
Ҿϲߡ
ʵȢǰԼ֪Լϲʲôģݡ߰ȫ޸
Ʒԣϱûˡ
ռλãǼá
𣿡ȴš
룬Ӹߵ£ֱվǰֱ̧˱ȡ
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ײ㡣Ǹٺòľˡ
£վƽڡ
ţѹ½ż⣬漴ٴα
ס֫üòϣ˫Ƚ֧š
ʵҲطΪ˫סּȣκεĿܡ
ͷ̼һǡ
̲סˡ
Ϣڣ
˷ֿʱ˫ġ
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Щϲζ
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ĺö˻ֻӲľʶҪʡ
˽ǳ飬赽ЩƵϹͬ
֪ԭЩȤ
ʵʱ򣬵үǽȥͶɡ

Ƴ޹ɫѹðĻʱ򡣡
˲ˣ˾䣬Ҫѭ򽥽
ѭ򽥽ʲô˼
˼ΣǹԹĻ
ڶףͿԺܿһˡ
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΢˵Щ黰ܻ˵ôɰֵ֮סĻ
ѭ򽥽Ҳ˳˼Ҫ
ס
죬ſڱ³ССľȴȶڡ
ĴȾ֬Σ۲ˮ⣬޲ɷ
˭ֵܵס
٣͵ס
˷ھͣƬ̺¶Сʹɴ
ɳҲ⣬ûɻ
Ψл۲΢ע⵽үͬѰɫ
ţͺͼȺһ۾쳤Сˡ
м֡ɰ
л΢΢һЦΪԼõʣҲΪʱ̬
үޱܻˡ
ŮܻеϢÿ˶ܲ
ӪУлΨһһ
쪶紵ɢ⣬ܿջ˼
үбµȷ˼⣬
šһƳ͵óߣ
֪ҪˣҲϲЩͷ
ˣڼǰн飬Ц
ʱĴˣвм
СӾͻֱֺģӣǶۡ
үүǿү°
󺺳ۣԱӡ
ǴĴ󺺣ڿżߵСɽ´Զѩɽʱվ˳
ǲ֣ѩɽֹˣѩɽϻѩأԶҲգھܶ
£
˭ǹӣ
лҪ˵Űдĸаҿĸоô

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Ȼûȥѩ, ȷȤ
ѩһҩģʵ㲻ϡֻǲժȷʵΪࡣ
ʢʱͨףڱѩ֮ϣᱻذ񻯡
Ӫоиѩ, ȥ, ҽѩɸɷ, ڸ΢𣬿ڳֹѪ
ϲ, ҽƳλСһƷ
ĩ, ô𡣡
΢, ȻܺƽʱԵĵˡ
ҽЩЦס, ϲһлȥҲ޷
ǻкܶࡣ
ڳºʹ󺺵Ĵ, תȦӪʶ⡣
, ҪӪһŵġ
ķ֣ԼԲС޶, ʣسţ
ôϸӪʳҲòĶȥ
Լ, ͷ˵¥ĿȺͻͱܺóԡ
ȥ¥
¥Įľ¥ʢɱȾǡ
֣͡˵ԡ㷽Ϲδ顱һɲ˶ͬк͹С
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ǣվǰεضĸ¥
һĲľ¥У˲ĸ¥Ƶϲ
Ҿ޴󣬸߸ɵĿУ£ֻܿҫĽɫâ
ôֱʡ
ЩգԸ¥ֻθͺڴ
ү𣿡
Ҷԡ
㲻ص˰˵ˣ
СĿ⣬ɻʣĵû𣿡
ǵǣ͹٣ǵɲ˷ѣλ˵ˣܳ𣿡
棬Ҳϲ˷ѣġ
СɨٿǴźȥˡ
λѡ¥ٴɸԶ¥ɳ
кĵģЩ
գȴգҲգ
ɫĺˡ
ܹȻ˸档
ʱȺʱһΪξͻ˵ЩЩˡ
Ͼˡ
Ҳ⡣
ͫʴԲǴںڣ˵ǳǳĺ֡
β΢΢̣ȻֿɰĻȡ
۾Ȼûգ޾öè㣬ʱļ䡣
裬ȸ˿δʡ
Ҫʱֱסүܿ𣿡
е㡣
ƺе⣬ǵٺȣȻͳԲˡ
ãˡ
̲סһЦ۶䣬ǰ˺ܹɵ뷨
ɵүΪĶء
үҪҪٵƣ
á
Ҫʲôѽ
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סоǰʧȥ˼㡣
ȥ΢գֹȥ˻Ρ
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Ϊүء
͵ճʱԱȣɲˡ
ĬĬģҲ֪Ҫν͡
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ڼҪ𰸣һ˵Խʳˡ
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Сȵ˼أ̲סԸɽʵʣһЩҲµģﲻˡ
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˿ţ⣬ιߣɻʱȻүҲҪѽ
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˳ǣлҲһλ
лƵԩ
ӪߵλٿСƶգ̲סһ
ĳ˸Ϻã᷿ڻӿһȺˣԻүΣҪš
лǺһЦǾǣ˭Įɱүȵ컹ѡ
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ʾ˱ĺԼҲˡӰΣеһԱ
󺺵˻ߴߴ
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ɲǣǱСιʱ
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䣬˶ʱ۵Сۣ˼
԰ǼүɬԲû
ԲûԲʱȻǲö֪ġ
˽һţǵȷĻɣ൱õġ
ϧڸźҲûȥúʳʹ˸
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ûߣ棬ǣߡ
Ϊ߲ˡ
ʱڼֲסһȥˡ
ߴӰǰΪȥչ⣬ˣ
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һٲͱŵ
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·;һֱڳԳŵȻû֣ĬʮźͻȻֱʮȵʮźͻȻֱʮࡣ
˵ȷԶһ١
ıʾⲻƭ

븮Żһʱʣ˶ٲ
ʮಽ
มûɣֻеССƣѲСЩء
븮ŻСʱٴѯʡ
ʾѾʮಽˡ
˵Ӧֻǰ
ʼԼĬˡ
Ĭ󼸲ʱ̧ף󡭡Ϳš


ô𣿡
ô治ɫ
лɣٿţĪǴˣ
ɰûڣ֪Ͷʮˡ
qaqˡ
ʡ
ҡҡͷⶼߵǰˣҲǼԺ·
䴽ֽᱧ
СһСȭԲԣүҷ¡
ߣҪο䣬֪ǳԳ߲öඪѽ
δ䣬ܹ˵ơ
һᣬȺϸѶòͱ߳

Сۡɴۡ
ϸǻ鶼ڿżʱϨתüͷ塣
ڣڳ˼ϵ˵ʲô
޷Щɺͳ˷绯֮Ļ
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ĬĬ䣬еļᶯһ£ʱ˶˹ȥ
޹գۣӣ󡭡
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ȻҲڸס¡
ܺλϵΣǰ§§ȷʧǡ
ͼĬĬģһ£һվ
ôʡ
ҡҡԴоϸ˵۹ⶼԼˡ
Ǹ, ƫҪ˼, ڹԶˡ
ȥЦ, ſϸˡ
ϸֱ˼٣ϸȡЯ, й⣬ǵ𣿡
˵֪ʵĻʱ, , ŮҲм
ĸʵ̫Ựˡ
ɲǼЩǲ
ʵЩӡҲǵ
˿ܼ˵, ǰ£ǵò
ʣ, ֪кιɣ
ǺܿطʣͺĮʻ¡
ϸû, ΪԼݣ߶߶˵ࡣ
޷ЩǰϷĻ
Ҷ, ޱȻְ
ɫ谵ϸ˿壬Ůȴǿһˡ
֪Ǵⲻ˼, Ǳ޹˼Ķߵġ
ϸ˼ɢһ꣬ʵһʱգ㲡
ȥǣò
·;һˣ˵Ѿھǣ˷Į
ϸշתҶ첻ˡ
ڴǰǰ˴ߡ
ȥ࣬Ը˴֮±ּֿݡ
ڵ뷨ǣ⣬ûʲôϵٸЩӴ򷢡
ˣϸ˵һй⣬ɻǵ褶ĻԼ
ȡ壬ϵãĸĵȷһԡ
ܵ
ŮӾһòǰĸ˵ʲô
˼ҷڴأŮȫûϵĸֱӡ
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οҲƻ˼ҷԼΪ檡
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ϸͬˣѼ˵ݵЩҲǲɡ
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Ϸ˺ȻУŶ㵽۾裬㲻۸ң
˵꿴Լߵģٿżһ㵽󣬡Ҳ۸Ư㣡

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ô۸㣿ϸ˵
ûʲô飬ɶ԰ôͬĮ
֮ǰϷˣҲΪ֪ѳɵ֮ӣҼˡ
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ο˭һơ
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β˽ӵ¾סϱ֡
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û뵽ĮޱȵСǰͯģŮӸоԼƿ̽ʲôܰ㣬þõͷ
һᣬϷ˵ȥǼ䣬Ҳûó
ҲȻܲܰѱ˵
ߣϷ˵ãʵԼ׽ģȻҲܲŶԷôá
㡭Ϸ˱Էϡ۴У͵ҵ޳֮ͽ
ۣССп£̶̫Щˣн
ޱĸ
มСĸ
ǸŻһУ׻
ϸͬѪ֪ܺİ档
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ұûߣ
ʵϸ˱Ů֮Ը˵ġ
ķӡӶϸȤ
ǼǹŸŮѰ֮Ҹ徲֮أЩһȥˡ
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ش֮ǰ̲˾䣬ҸоĸǰҪథ
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׼ȷ˵ʱϷ˶һ˿
뵽̫ҽ˵Ļ
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ˣԴ̫̺ͦϲǸѽ
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¡ܹĸֲҡ
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һʱסãȻȥƢܺõģ
ûû֮ǰϸ˵Щϰ
̾һЩ־Լ뷨Ϊɡ
΢˵Ͼ۵̫ˡ
ţۣЩ⣬ˡ
ʵǼӤʡ
ȴһ𣿡
桭û˵꣬ͼһӹԼߡ
طվȥˡ
һʱס
лҪ˵ɵүΪ仰
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76

ĮƵ, ʵǱ߾ͺˡ
뾩ĵڶ£Ѿμɡ
ֺ֧ͽֹ֧Įջطɡ
浴󳤹Ϊףվ󣬿ʼ糯ÿһȰ
󳤹һһ˵˲ϳ
ʣǵ, Ӽ伸ԺԲơ
, ˽ַǳ֮, ŭʱʮٳ, Ϳ̿˵ǳҲǸ⡣
ʵŭ, ѵ, ĮǵطıȲϣ
࣬Įʿ亷, һʮǵĻھǵһִģھҲ֪¶ս, ²ȫ
Ǿͻˣʵ͵վҡ, ޾Ͳûп֮ˣ
⵹ǲУʵ, վڻʵ۽ǶǸͦõİ취
̩볼ӻȻӣ㿴۵׵ĲԸ
, 췴ǳ£ˡ
µֱӳһζðھǵķѹţܲ¡
ˣҲˡ
˼󳤹Щſǰ˵ĻĿ˸
ʱվڻʵߵ޼
ʵͷۣ켻εøˡ
ۼԴ㣬ҲԸðһңƮֽţƽգһƱúܣȰ޼˰޲ҪⲻҪǣأؼʱΪ޷ǶܣҪȺкã
Σͨ죬ֵЩʬλز֮ͽ
̫ЦʬλزͣǰУʵκ˼
뵽ӢŵĶӣ̫ûκҾ֮ġ
οȻĵճѪ˳
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ڻڣʬλزͲǳ⣬ǳ֮ģ޷Ϊ½ǣֻǣˡ
˵գȡ¹ñ¹ۣ³ѥſİߵȥ
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ˣ
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ȼյĴ𽫻ʵЩͻʱһԡ
һӣ߱ˣ˭ϺһŲλģȥ
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ûҲ롣ʵҵ֪㣬Ϊ»ϵûš
ʺһЦԸˣתͷ˼
ٲ취ǱжҪˡ
ԴͷǶ
취

ʲôأ
ڣõطߴﹾ̸ֲཻؿССԺ˦轣żЩĶ
֪Ļߵ˵أүˣġ
Ҳ֣
Ĭˣүֱ|̬
СϸģֽСݣɲͳ˹Ǽӣһ͵
ĮȷҲ񻣬е˶϶ȵ񻣬ȫ޶֡
Ҳˡ
ûкƢ෴ɵòˣһճʱĸо
ʵϣǺԵġ
Ծհóۣȷˡ
ʳǿ԰һԵġ
ӺСǵһμԼҹľģʳջʳද
ţϷĵĶܾܾ
γգÿ´̸Ҫѯʣʲôʲô˯˶á
²֪⣬ֻүȻⶢҲ̫Щ
˼뷹Ҫܣ
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ٸһλᣬ˵Ļˡ
ҪǣҲô׽ˣһ
һںӣĶϵ˴ɱ
ڲ
ڲÿȻæµÿæµݵϢʱڷ
һУүԹ㡣
ԶǹĵϢ
Įʱ̣дһشϢ
ʵۺһˣ
˵ʵҲʡ
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ΪԼҪȥϧϳֻǺ಻棬ܽ𷣡
ûˡĮߣۡ
һˣҸ˻ӹ֮
ȻƢЩЩܱһǽĴĺá
οԴӳɻүƢһպùһա
˾£кЩ˰ͶͶҲ
գл︮ۡӭһλͷҵӡ
ñлЩԾַ·𲻳ϵĸо
Կƿؽʿ׵ĺʡ
ӡлһƶԷݣӷϻ֪Ӵ£
΢΢һЦţֹ߲ͬһˡ
лӰѲʹӣʴ֮ȷʵǸµĹлʮơ
л䣬ʵʮĮģͬ磬֮ʮᡣ
˵и൱Ƥңʮʺз
лͬǲ٣ߵһģ޼
ֲõģһͶıҪ£Ҳ˵費ҪЩˣһͺֵĥ
˭֪ЩǲǻʵǱӦء
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ʵΪ֮ˣǷëǡ
йɰȻҲŸ֮˶ٶźͰ
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лζ϶
˶ӣ֪˭ȷ¾裬̾һ
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ͳһźһƣȡ£ŻѶսʱá
лһĿʮУܵвڣΪԸ̹ף
˫׾ھСʼ򵥻ص;յѶϢǶѾߣҴӲ뻢ıƤ֮£ο㲻Ļ
˻δȡҲ㲻ûʵ۵ĳӡ
㲻ԼΥСѧĵҾ֮˼ľܣҲҪ
оǡ
ʲԾǣÿʺƻĻʮ֡
ʲôУӣ
ȷŮӲɲҺ˰
ͷҪ
˼˵ĺʣͻȻлֻү
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ͼ̤ţƳһİӣδʣ˱תȻ󡭡
Ŀбӣҿߵߣ͵֣ס
źĳĽүѾãԼү
ĶǺʵҲûۿ
˻ʺǷúܡ
ĽסһֵֹĿȥ
лʱҲ¶һӵı顣
ĽĽɣʶҲǲá
ֵ˵ʲôסүֲš
˼˾ɾվԱ߰ϵܣ
лҪ˵ۣǿ϶²ôд
ҰѱʼǱȥˣ1500֣Ȼ11㿪ᣬ11.30Һżһ
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лԶ˶ݵĳĬС
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ô˸Ƿߵߣ֧С
ʱ캮ضһжǸɵġ
ȾǻҪࡣ
һѩ, ۰, ѻڿľ˪
֪ĮĺáԺ, Ŀ΢ǽ˼
˿, ڷ
Ҳ֪ΪΣĿͱ˹ȥ
վϡĲݴԺ, ǰмÿľ赲
͸Ӱļ϶, ƳŮϸļѻѻķ
һ, Ǽġ
֪沢ݡ龰£Ůһ͡
㡪, סֲŵģ
ţ̲סЦˡ
ɫ紺, ֮
һʱɴˡ
ҰǸϵŵĹժ˵
ӦȥˣϹʱӻǻġ
治֪, ԼȻǸɫ֮ͽ
ãﲻ⡣
ʱ, оðôһ仰Цá
ֲûʺĪƻأȻǼɫ֮ɫѰӼʵںв͵ġ
οվ
ʱ˼ȡºӽǹһȦ
ժڼΪڻС
ʱϸǸ˺ֱͨ졣
͵صͷ
ҧһڣĵ𣬲úԤ˵ġ
Ǳ߻һҪ𣿡ʵͷԼеĹӲƿѣܴ󣬺𡣡
á˼ܰƿĿ⡣
Դо
Ͼһֲŵˡ
ȥ⣬ֻԷķݡ
ڸճ׵ʱͦүʵ
šǷĽزǳɡ
Ĺӣںڵ޵תȦ
Ѻ϶´˱顣
ʻ¶ȣҲ϶һ顣
ԡô
꣬˶϶
ޣȻݣ֫ʮǳģԸһܵ˵Ļӭ
ǰҲͶүᱻƲɡ
¶佫佫ֱֶӣƲֿſſ
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ǲǺ죿ǴԳ֮¡
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Ӧһм⡣
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һǰ˵Ļ
֪ദòãᡣ
ѵлᣬΪѳһ
ʵֶλáЦһλһλ
ţô˵ءϾš
ɫΪԴǣġĳó׵ȭȭ֮ǻ֮⡣
ۣ̾һ
ΪΪôδĶһ˸ܵˡ

˵˼䣬ǰȴ
ͶȥĿ⣬ֻŮָѩ˳ϸܵ۽ᶶ
ССŭڵþɢˡ
ǰҲܹ
ֹ֪ʱֱù֡
ڣȴǵߵ
˲ʵ
ĬķΧʼӡ
лȻ𣬡ӣ
лĽǶȿ˵ķΧʵЩ֡
ȻŮ֣ǡں֮ǰı֣ͦλΣ
ȫǼ·ϡ
лүãʱգӾȥҸסˡ̸Σ
ףвɣƾºл
ʴͶϣĵȻǻʺ֤ݡ
ܷһʺҲԣĮͶϵУӦֹһ
лҪҳЩˣϾ㲻ãһֱҲǸ
лź뿪ˣӣ
ûȥҪ£Ҫſڣȱ˸
ϸ೤ǣȻ⧲ǿƲ˷С
ǰ뱧ţҲһֱڽż֮ࡣ
ջϢȸƳҲʱȷſˡ
С룬ɴվϣһΡ
ŲţÿζӲ
ԼС˼Ϊʲô¶ܱ
ǵķ
һҲ顣
ţͷˮ
ͿһǶֺȥֻü塰֡
ǣʵҲԼʡ
һ˵⻰ʱġ
ˣվڰϣ¸Ũ
գۣ˫ģһ
˵Ų䣬ҿ϶ˡ
лҪ˵˵ɵɶʱϱݡ
˵ʵҲ
ү̸ֿɰ

078

δǰ, Įɳɡ
٣ھöࡣ
ȥأȥ£浴󳤹ڴϢ
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л˼֣õļƻ, ַϭʻʵۡ
һ̫֮űеңΪʵ˰ġơԼʵ֮ĺΡϡ
һ, ʵûʵ亹, ޴ӻظ
ʵ룬ǵܵرǰ, һҪɱ˵
Ȼܹ̯ǰ
һ˿ΪǵܸܵԼĻ, Ҫú̸һ̸, ֪ࡣ
ڻʵδܻظĵʮգϭеʾѸ˾ǴС
, ȳܳɢ
ȻʵʶҪֹʱѾˡ
ڣ
ڰ¶ǵһϭʱǱſҰԵ˼
, ȨǺ, ֵܶɱ
оǵﳤ̶ˡ
ڶϭ, յ뷨е仯ˡ
Ƕ˵˽⣬ȶԵλʵ۶ˡ
ǹϵ֮ңҲΪʵ, гλĴ󽫾
λһƬʱвȥſӭأ
û뵽һӾȻǱ
һֱնλʵ۾ûʲôоŲرԹʵ١
֪ӢǱλ²˷߿еȥ˵Źġ
ǸùԱһʺ£Ҫ״浱ӣ
Сŵͷ󺹣ѻִ֮˼Ӷ߲˵
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Ͼǰ˵Ƕûֱӵϵ
⣬ڽеɻ
Ƹճʱжµİоʹ˲⡣
ΪЩүǿڿ˵ʲôΪиءٵ˰ȴоأ
˼һܵóĴ𰸣ֲʶׯȴԴҲס
˻ȥǣΪȱ˵Ҳûá
еϭһƣ˻Ȼ
ƿڴʲôʵӵģ˰ӻ˰Ҫж£
˵¼ͱϳǽ˷ȥ
һΪĺү㱻ʵӺˣ


Ѹƽٶ֮졢ģ֮ĮȺ˶ЩԾ
жУ뺫ʽԳ١
һἰ˿ڣԣϭĲʡ
Եڶϭɺ׫ʣлɫʹһıһ½˸ͬܣһ̲ס¡
л￴һʱ̲סۿ
ʵһʵ̫ң̫޹ġᡣ
ʱ̣Ⱦжþ١
Ĵϭģ޹Ǳأ뵱һɽӦһϣڰɿ
̶̰¼䣬ƥ
ÿÿ£лԶ˽޲ڡ
޲ƾܣĻżȻңҲ뵽˷
лֻǫΨкԼ֪ȷĻһġ
ʵϣЩȷǼ˵ģܵõЧҲԤϡ
ǳΡ
һֱ˼֪һЩʲô
Ŭ£ڷһҪĵ㣬Ǿ⡣
УԸ䱩壬Ҳġ
뾩طء췴־ٶʵΪ˶ǰ࣬ҲΪ˱
ĵ˿ڣ֮ڡ
಻УҰĵ֤
֮λñǣңΪҲǰһλʵۺö٣ôġ
ܹʾ˺ܶ
֪ļֻ뵽ⲽʣµģҪǸΪרҵġ롣
ש񣬲ضԺʡл˵ЩѵĻ⼸תü죬Ѹپ뵽˴˷ʼʵʩ
˶Ϊƻ⵽ԣĬһ󣬾Ǻɵͬˡ
лȾϲѣУǡ
ֻ֪үܹǼ£ƽľȥˡ
һȺǵүᱻɱνƫ˷󵨵ȥʵʩƻ
Ȼ˾Ǻð
˰ش룬֮ǰүƢô˵ΪûȢϱ
ⲻһȢϱ˶һˣ
˵ɶɻð
뵽ԸûȢϱжʱˣŵү˾ǾͣһҪһүԼͻ顣
۷֪ͣУѾйİߡ
мֱӵ|ٳգһͷӭӡ
ƵۣȱȽǡ
һϢۺסˡ
գѵð
ûڸ£ȥ˾Ӫ˵Ҫ滮·ߡ
Ҳһ𻨶
ǲͷԾȤõµģͷ¾ʯɿúܣԿʲôȤ
ӵļˣʲôأǰٴˣվס
ͬʱģһӰ
ϵǰͺͬһӾĮͶϵˡ
ƺʲôɱ⣿
ǰվͷǺ¾Ͳ˵ˡ֮ү̴뿪ܴˣ
ӺСһô£
Уܼأأ
𣿡
ͳƣһȷЩµơ
ͷã߰ɣȥӪү𣿡
ԣû
һȻȥʰѡ
Ҫʰѣ
һҪȥȴѸץסֱһת⧲ºݺˤ˵档
ţСݺһȣ۵ҹ³
ʹ֮ɫʱС޹Ưǰ
ٶȫϵ֮ǰû˵Һܴ
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лҪ˵ͦ

079

ɱⱻС廨, ˲˵ĥ
Ѷܿ죬ǰ󲻵һӾ͸ϻ
ԺʱĴЦ
оɻ
߽һŷ˱˳ϡ
Ь౻ѵСһĲվԶӽŰ塣
СԶֱͤ, һƵغ, ʱָӡһЩһЩط

ĳĬ, ·׷׶ɱͶȥͬĿ⡣
ĥδšδؼ൱, ġ
̫ˡ
ͬʱ¶ģүҲܵ
ɱ˲ͷ, Ҫͷһ뿪ء
ߵ, ѸɨȻȫˣ
ûСżιһŴ, ү쳢ĸģó𣿡
Ʒʳ, һ¶ûС
⺬ڿ΢ζ, ˶
óԡ
̧ϵһС
´£ȶ㡣ȻЩֵ, ֪ĺ˵ǲ
̵࣬ΪڽʱԱ֮, ϣӭѶϡ
ͷίģ
Һö˶˵վأͻȻһһ㣬Ҿͱ˵òġ
ԶһѵɱѪʲôѹͻûֺ
ٲۣ˵ĳȷΣա
жӿһ¡
ǰԸЩͶȴ޷жˣֱһɱ֮
֮Ȱ룬ʱǡ
ΪգڣҪתЩȫ뷨
оʲôŴģҲ²µʲô
΢תʾȡһͻȻ»˻Ρ
ү£ʲôЦš
ʲôϡ
Ū£ſߣͼҡԸΡΡ졣
ȫչ˲ŷ֣һֻ޴ĺ
ǴӾһ˸ģԺŷҲˡС㿪İŪϲҲ෽С⣬ܼﻹпԶľء
ı˵Щ滹кһͶʵɵġ
ȴǼͬʱ˼üͷ
δϹսȥӪҲȫƵģȻ֪սЩ
㿴ܹɽ뵽ҲǴɣܹЩ֮¡
ͬһӦ˴˵еīҵӡ
īӵûɣЩСֹܿ
Сû⣬ôǷսõĶأ
Уôǰûֹ˵˲ţ
ȻֲˣΪ˳Įʱû¶һܡ
һǾõƲһ¶Ȼǻٹ۲һƷԲܡ
һȴ۲죬ͺͰӹˡ
ҲǸ鶯εС˶ԵĻţﻹǵԼĮʲô
վס߶Ϊֺðӣ˺ЩŮϲС֪ӾܼңܼҲ治١
֪Щº˶¶һѾı顣
λͶүֻģ߷Ķϱģ
Ǹҵλھǣû˶˼ô
үºͰӹȥɡһ˵
˼ǿƣֻա
ǿбƴΪԼ£ֻ±״
±ʾ˽⣬ȥ
ŷӦסգۣǸˡ𣿡
뵽Ļ̻оһЩСó죬϶ܻӭ
̶žˣԴ࣬ȴˡ
̫ˣǵȺ;˾ϵ֮ɰɡ
ϾôţŲҪ̫˷ˡ
пɡ
Դ˵Ȥûô󣬴żеʲô
Сʱǰ
һ¼ɫү˶Ѿץܳʮ
ʲôʮ档
ѯʹŵʮСУֻɱ⽫ƭ̰ǡ
ſÿնѲ飬Щôģ
ЩʵĮˡ䣬֮ãǵΪүµһδ̲飬⻹©֮㡣
˼صͷֲõǻǰߵ˺١
˿Ӧ;̫ˡ
ʺһңʵı㡣
뵽ԽԽ٣ͻȻʲôأ
С䣬Сˣ˵ȥѩɽժѩ
ףʮ˻ͣлˡ
үߵ˿϶û⡣Щסѩɽµأ
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Į˵ľĶҪһЩοôС϶ѩɽµİա
뵽Ůӵļ֣ѵŹ°ӵĻ
֪壬סĿҺүһȥ
лҪ˵ˮ氡
ǰյп۷ַĶţں̵׷β˩ѩҩnѩ
ǰɶоûֱӿˡˡ

080

ȷΣա
ѩɽǰ, һɽλ·
˭ϵСĴͻȻ𣬿磬Ѹ͵ò˼顣
Ϣ䣬Ǿ̵ˡ
һ־ҪؼʱСӹըë, ֱۺݺҧһ, ճѵʱ䡣
ͰҲѸٷӦ, Ͷ˲
Сӣѩɽ, ʧȥϵ
ʱλ
񱾱ס, Ǻܿͳ˲ע˶, Ѿ
ɽѾȥˡĴ޲ĨԾ, үϾȥСӣû˾
šлֹס, Сӽմʲôѣ
ȴֻ˵óºѥĻ, ɫ塣
һվմǳư¡װ
, СӺǱèһܵģ
Сӣ˼
ΣʱгѰֱСӸеٮٮߡ
СӸڻߣһҪȫöࡣ
ڲʺȥѰСӡл￴󺺵״̬, ϵȥɽ°أҵϸʳһЩϢá
ǰ󺺻ܲԸ񣬡ãȥ
лĿԶȥããѩɽһںү׼ô죿
·Ѱˡ
Լ࣬Ѿ˼׵ĻĿ
ǵذճþߣ˶ѩä
Һ㣬ӹڳļʮ˲̫࣬ÿӴˣʣµľΧӪȺ򡣡
үӦ
һЧĻ´תۼ䣬нѩɽ
ɫܳĿҲ䣬Ƹһ˪Ⲣѩɽٶ١
ţٶס
Ψܲ΢ɲĲ
ں¡
ԺУԶ˶һƬܵĳ
Ѱңȴֻڹ˲ָӡ¿ֳںڸɿݵ塣
Ϣһʬ壬Ƕޱȡ
ȴ겻ˡ
ձסʱСĿ
ֱסĴСèȴ֧վ
µġڶ
תͷȥĿʵϲûڿ
ʵеܲΪģŬԴ°ͣСӺͻܴģһܹƽšҲĳطţأүɲٷˣҪϸġ
ȸоþòɢ񣬻ס˼š
ƳһĻתͷûƼֻ̲סи̾һ
ԭүҲ˸Եһ档
ʱɫѲˡ
ĮȻڵЩڳʱѰУ
ҹѩȰƺӴۡ
ɫȻûˣ˶ܸоѹֵķΧ
ҹ߲㣬ˡл￪ڣһУֻ͵ӣүЪɣҸȥѰ˸Ի˵ҹҲԴ·ֻܴˣ˶Σա
һע⵽׵գһ񶨻ȥܻصһá֡
ѩɽȫѩҲкܶѰɽһƽءɽ
ȼѣ𣬳λԴһ˿ĺ죬Χӳյá
žУһ˼̸
ʱʱһǶҲƺɽнƺֻǰȵš
ɽ½˲ڿѩ
뾹̣һַڶСš
ˣֳһ˿ΰ̾ץһѩģٽָŽȥš
Ҫ̰档
ʵϣֻǼиѵˮȡ
ʱȴʲôҲû˵ɵرţţҶˡ
Դ˳ͷһᣬС
Ҳûܾèһûһ˳ĳ
ʵϣиԱšůţƽϢĽꡣ
˾Ƭ̣΢ȻֱոգǲèУ
ʲô䣬ȴֻҹء
һȷ뷨
Сӵġ
ôֻǶ¼£Ҳ˺ܶΣֱѡ
Сû϶ڸ˵ΪǴ·
վߣһԲ
޷Ҳֻܽλӡ
ҹѩɽУҪҵһֻСɵèѡ
οֻԼȷ
ʱ򣬷ˣЮѩɽıмۡ
ſ멣Ѽӵ˽ȥѲܣһʯͷԼɫһ
ͼߵЩУûע¡
ȻһʱΣʱѾˡ
үСġֻüôһ䣬Ѿͼͬʱ֮
ĴɢҲʲôץס
һ˲䣬жϣ˼ԼС
һ·µ˳ѩãڱһÿľס
ײȥƺһ
ϴѶܺʵȥЩ΢Ĺ⣬Ҳֻзŵײеء
ʱִһ
˶ʮ
лҪ˵ȣմҶ꿴С˵ľ飬ܻᷢʲô

081

ˤӵ, Уѭ뿴һ
Сβ߸ڼתһȦ
ͣԱߣƺɻôҲ
֡һ, ߴǡ
Ƥëǲ, ȴе쪺, 粻סִ࣬䡣
С, 
СţеԸŲ
󱻼һ׽סβ, ָ߰, ȴôҲûſҧˡ
ò˵ͻ, С|Ƣࡣ
˰Сӣվ
һͬС·ȥ
֪ΪʲôҲ, Ҳˡ
⴦ɽ·Ҳʵ̫, ơ
Ҫǣˡ
ǰ, ɽССӣȰѴµȥ
˫չ̡ͨ죬Ʊʲô谭, ܲ˳ģ
ԻССĻѣȱѾҪϨ
˶ע⵽ùĻӣѩɽʱҪġ
Сͷ̵ָ˲ء
΢΢򴽣ʲôںݺݲңܲ
ϾƽĻо񣬸Ž㳤ܣ΢
̫ˡ˸̧֦Ȧܡ
ɽСϱܷĺȥȻʯҲġ
ЩˮյĺۼؾѰ֦Ĺˤġ
ȥܷˡѻСķ£տ
š߹ȥûԶЩ
˾̹ԼģϿůȴ˺֫Ϊȡůѩ
³΢ǽİΣʵСģǺٻΣգҲᾡԼ֪һЩ֮¡
ó
żںͿž𣬻£øࡣ
㡪УСš
šܵӦҲ뵽ʲôѩš
ѩʵ̫ˣСͼȴûʲô۾ֿ޺ؽ㡭
šӦģʵȫڴִŽš
СվڸߴԴ;żôҲצȥӡ
ǲ˽н㲻ãʼС
ҲӴȻܣԭ
໽
Ҳ˲ԣ̡̫
ԺĻ˽ȥȻɻƺ̡̫
ϾҲеͷ׽
Ӧţ
ԣ濴һȦ桰̡̫š̡̫ƵӦ
һ߽ɽŷּѩ
СùɣһֱԺػˣû
ȸо֫ȶͺƲȤ
ССţֻÿɰޱȣ̲ס͵͵˺ü¡
۵ףĬֻ֪
ϾҲͦС
Сôɰཡġ
һһﹰӶССġ
һκͻܵؽӽŷôСĺ֮
֪ѾΣգתͷүҲһɣСÿɰѽ
չɽķǺͿȵˡ
ȥ˵
գۣΪʲôҪȥ˵

ѾûֶˣȻ֪״̬
նѾˡ
Ȼóûˣ⻰ʵ̫͡
Ӳסֻԡ
µĸ̫ģˡ
˵³ϴСĳ谮ݣʵںָ˽ȥߡ
֪ɻҪͻкӡ
⺢Ӿôģܻͼ˽ⲻˡ
ͬȻҲûо飬߶Щˡ
ʱ۵Ļ⣬ȫƵġ
δȥĿȾ£Ҳ֪ࡣ
ߣ˵ı|ҲЩʦͨı졣
ʵܲԼСֱĿ⣬ƫģʵһ¶
ʲôԼںƭ֪Сĸо
Ҫ֪һССǣ˾ĥ͵ĻŲġ
ٽһ
ܵ˿顣
ҪܾҲˡ
˫ӳյ֪ͨʲô
ɻؿҲûеõһ׼ȷĴ𰸣ֻЩʧͲʱ
ͦϲСѽڷţ˽ΪֻҪһ˳ɻ飬ͻᱻӡ
Ϊʵ̫ɰ̫ˡ
Ȼȫͬһ⡣
ȻԵֱףĿĲĳ档
ԱߵˣӶЩĶȴԽ
ȻôҲֵܷ״
ֻСƬ̣󲿷ʱԺܳȿɿ
ڻʱȥѰһȦѩɽҵʺϵҩݡ
ûޣЯСƿ档
ȫ̶Ժ˯ô󣬵ȻûôָȻҲ֪ԼĶͼ㷢ʲô
ѩɽɽһУоա
ŻһʱлҲСӵĴ´þˡ
ʣµģǻͼ˻
Ҳжţ󲿷ʱ򶼱ڻûжˡ
ԡʱöĵطЩ
ӡӦֽУС𣿡
˶ȥæ˱ģҲֻգͼȥ󱳡
ǶһʯϿþˣڲݵеۡ
Ƶ
Ǵʱһֻȥͳ𣬡ˡ
ϤϢüһĶû𣬴ʱҲֻǿֵĵ𣿡
ᡣ˵㣬ָˮҪͣԵüɪ¡
ס̫ˣҸcҩ
Ӧͨ˵ֻɴ
ȡҩƿĵذ棬ߴӰʱ˲Щ
ƽգûô׳嶯ġ
ʱԺȴǲܿƵ˼Ǿ仰
ӡ
ĺӣŮȻǼƯɰġ
һɴҪcþЩŶ
šӦȻ֣ǰɰ׵ļЩ֡
Ůϸǣ˲ǰɴ˼
ȥ
˻һ
˻𣿡
ۡҡͷʵүַź̫ˡ
Ϊλ̣Դ֪
£û͡
֪ԼӣͿĨҩʱоˮ̳һ
ģȫǺ
ֲľͷȻоˡ
ǲģ͵үܽ𣿡
δãһתķ羰㲻ɱ¶ǰ
ĻȻ컷飬΢΢Щ𴦡
ʶʲô̴ֱ˴գЦҲѽ
֪ǰǺˡ
ȥȥôһ䣬ԡȥ
ҲΪ⣬ֻĳҹǰ㣬ȥϴ˳رƬ̡
ûСϣתڴعһȦúܡ
Լ󱳔cҩʱüͷһ壬
ȥÿصҲ죬Щ֪ʲô
ɨۣǺܸȤָָ󱳣ίҩѾûٲһΡ
áһӦ£ظ֮ǰĶȻٴθ˱顣
Σɫƽ࣬ǳصġ
ˣҪҪӣ
ţ̧Ŀ¶棬𣿡
Ȼԡ
̸Ѳѣ
ҲǺѡ֪̿βкӣ
һƲҵı飬ȻҪԲˣүҪҵµС
ԭ֪ġ˿á
ʲôأǱ濴˻Ϩ齡
һУ˶۶á
ҵ˱Ǹ¡
һӺ󡪡
صһ
˴
ỨίñӹԼ̫ˣүҾˣԺ󻳶ǵĺӡ
лҪ˵ǵûûء
ү̫

082

ûоáүֵֹģС֧С, Ȼ˼ػͷʡ
ãȻûûаɣճôظ𣬻ظ
Сɸ֣ú, ʲôʱģ
ڤ˼, Ȼ, Ŷ͹кüû˵, ڹ˯ʱ۾ˡ
ɣӦ̫æ˰, Ҳæء
ҡҡͷ, СеɵӣĿȻͶ齵Ů
Ůһ, 淭ĳ飬Զ˵ĶԻδš
齴սЩܿ, ǾʲôʫۣǺڵıܻͼ
Ȿܻͼ൱, Ƹ죬ĵ౸ע
Ȼ, ٶ࿴õıעԼԶã顱ġ
£ת˸, ʶ˿㺬š
̫ˣǵүҲȿ˻齵ġ
ɼѧϰˣȻܡۡ
С𲻵òѣ͵͵ûǷŵĻ𣿡
šǷܣү̫æ
СǰæҲİɡ
̻أǿǣÿǼյˡ
ڳ˽ЦԷǣĴزģҲ˰ɡ
үƷԣȷֵεġ
ֵεүӪʿɢžǧ֮Ϣ
˵ⱾǺġ
лȴֲۣԡ
̫˰ɣү󺺺ĴɤţͲͳ룬|Ҳǰһﲻˣ
˵棬õү˼ʱȷʵЩ
ÿߴõ涼վƱ仯ǧүӦ˼Щɡ
лȻ֣˶Ҷѵĸܡ
ǾԲʲôΪյ״̬ǡţտʱͷìܵʱ
ԡǺìˡ
˼ˣлоǵֿա
ҪҪүأ
һֺ£ߴѹС
¶żһüѾѵõʾˡ
󺺲ڣſھ͵Ŷл˵үƲء
룬ӦΪǵ·ŰɡүҪµȥʲôƴǣ
Ƴһлζ亹
Խˣʱ̴Ħү˼Ƿ˴ɡ
ԴӵĮ̫ྯ衣
л΢΢һ
Ҳδǻش󺺣ȷһ¡
˷ܣүܷԸ
Σաȥoݰҽһ˴
oݲĮĮ߽粻ԶҲرء
ȷΣա
ſڣȴûлﶯ죬ԸoݣΪүǣ
˶Щȡ
УлȻЩ֣ʺıү֮࣬Ȼȥ¡
²䣬Ըлһͬǰ
˸ȵǣͬˣǱˣԺһó𡣡
ֱӰԶȥл΢΢һ
ʵ롢мǲȻ㡣
򣬼үٰţٹ㣬Ҳݲ
˷лﰵô£ڻ;С
ôлһΪлβֳϴĦ˼ΪǼܸ˵¡
ڴϱȥʲôġһ˵Ҳ̫ˡ
˭ܰó˵ֽ̡
ʵϣԴպ˼ãԭ
һٻ죻׼ʱδ
ȻҪԭڵ㣬ʵԼ֪Ӧǵڶ㡭
ʱİպִѾʲô|֮ĶϾҲҪⳡϡ龰Ż.ֲʱ̳˴|ҩοȽԳ֡
ģӦһΪ˵Ĳʺִ֡
˼Щޱ˸ƿµɫʶԶϡ
ǵ½еò˳ܼҲ롣
ģ
ܼҴ񣬡ںСһأүҪȥ𣿡
ĬȻӦ£˴ȥϷ˵Ժ
Ϸ˲棬ϲϸһ档
ȻԼĽ㣬ϸҲʱţΪԼ£ܹΪɵ˵Ľ㡭
ÿƼϸһп಻Եı飬˶ĪúЦ
Ϸ˾ϷˣǲҲˡ
ѻڻͼ̵У~
ҡҡͷ£ɻ˵Բ԰˵ġ
ңôǻѽ
۾ССɻ
ΪɣƯ𣿡
𣬡Ůÿ
ͷֱ׳ǾͶˣƯĹƱ䣬ǰϲƺڲϲѽ
۾
ٴνԻС
ɻſڣ޷г
Ͼ֪Լĵԭ˭Բռδܵõλá
֪Сô࣬ҲǺԵģ˼λɾˡ
»ȥұĻ׵С
ҪίͰ͵رסĴȣۺỨס
ԱЦ䣬ڣߣ˰СԴ
ţܿɰ

洽˼                        
лҪ˵òһ

083

ڼġŬ, ܿȴ˹˼ɣں׳׶̵Ľе൱ȡ
ôһСβͣػˣ˭̲ס
ͻɸˡ
ڸմʱӦñȽڼĳ
ڼ˵Ļ֮, ĳ˼
, ǵĺˣ
ƽĶ, Ǹ֮ˣɲûһ˵ı|ܡ
ôѾɻС, ôһӵĺĹ
ͷһת, ڽ̻ʶֵļ, ߺ΢Ц
ɣҲɲ֮
ʵ, ֻÿտżͻЦգܸ㹻ο塣
ͬԼλҲΪ
ǡ
Ĵ, ǵԵøⰲ
˵š
糯ʱмʮλ󳼲γĽǵ, ȴֻɢɢվʮ
ÿ϶ž壬̧ͷϵĻʵۡ
ԴǺ, Űճ˾ԽԽˡ
糯ʱûм¡
ΨǼҵˣԻ³ȥ鷿
ʵƽؿ, к޲
࣬˳
տĴУ̵ļ·˻죬þõ˶ߡ
ոףһԲ
ʵڲ֪Ǻá
Ҫ֪нһ̫Ǳ˵Ǳȥˡ
ЩڻûʲôֻǶҪʼƹˡ
˵ʵ˾䣬Ǿ˳
ֱǵһȺ̹ŮСܡ
ڿ϶ŭǿ롣
µǹĵĺ֡
һһ䣬þǱ
Щİ¸ϽٱǾͺˣǻҲи
մҲҴ
ǧ̣֮Ѩ
ʵ۵ǻ걾Ͳ³ƾ⣬ҳϣҲûж١
̫أ
ܹܳɻأ̫ӵ£ȥ
ȥ󳤹ˣʵЦһһɣҲգȥɣôһƬТġ
غһʵתƳĻССƯˡ
Ҳ֪Ľգܲܿͬķ羰
֮һأ
ͷĸоʵ̫ˡ
ʵѵ뵽׷ɱʱǷҲĸо
ѵǱޱƳ𣿻ʵҡҡͷԣʹȥĳޣ绹ǻߵһġ
ʺ˵öԣѶϣʱɣͷͲˡ
ͲǸǿˣҲˣڲ
ʵ˫ЦڵУ
ЦַƵİһ㲻СÃܹܺߵĹɡ
ĪǷ˰ɣ
˳Ƭ̣ʵ۷֣ʪĺۼ
Ŀⶼࡣ
ʣμʲô
ÿÿնʺ
ʺ󡣡ʵ۶Ƭ̣̾ˣޣҲί
ͷתü죬Żһʺһ˵ˣֵȥɣʲô޲ܣҲܲˡ
ܹܹͷʵĵҲ̲סͬ顣
Ŀ챻Ʒˡ
λı˽仰˼
ʵǡβƥ䰡
֪ˣַ֣ɢүأ
ˣܹף
ѿƵģ̰ġ
ҡҡͷ԰ʾ⡣
ת˲֮䣬档
һ𣬻ʵ۽üͷɿ˫δֻǺǳЦƺֻصǶմȨǵӡ
ʵһʱգΪռٶƣҪѾ˳ĻʵλʱҲǶ̶̵ļ¡
㣬մĵ׶ѾվǱߣЩΪؿʼ¡
ûһ쵼ߣԷǺ΢ģڻʵûнһǰѶҡĵλ
˽ЩҲǽ
ʿһͬ|ʱ֪·񣬱Էĳǹ˼
ǹͷʱðѪɫ
Сʧɫ˲أүСʧˣ
ֺ֣ã޴
תɾҽ򵥰Ҳû˼˼
ɫȻ磬֪ΪΣѾˡ
Դӽ̻˻СѾжղôˡ
˿ڣܻмֲͬ
˲ӰѹûҽĻԹԾʹ˳ȥ
үôˣ
ҽֱĴȣү̫˲ɣϽסǣ
˵ϧһ߹ȥͱ˻
ǿ£ȥôǿܺƵģ
ǶʱʧȰɵ뷨ҡеЦ
лҪ˵qaq
飬ڿԸүˣ

084

Įⲻ義컶, ԰¼ȨʢĵطƮζŨҲż
ֻһ˲ż㡣
Ȩζ
Į, ͬǧ, öࡣ

ǰ˸ʽɫ, ƵİףʯƵ̡
Ժ, Գһ浾ζ
, ƽ, ûײ¹ãȴо, κʱҪʡ
ǵøճʱԼʹƵ⣬ʱֻῴЩ, һϲͨ
֪һֺû
ķ۵ڻֽϺ֮, Ȼţ¶۰סư׵Ļ
һͼ
, ߵߡ
ߵĸӣҲһоûеġ
Ӱֶʱвˡ
ʱû, 滭
ϻһֻСӣǵͼдصֻѾʮַˡ
ÿμж̲סֳĿ⿴ɪɪ
ѾŬٺĻᡣ
ϣת׼Ҳһ
һվԱû£ؿһ˿ڣǶڻѪͺܾˡ
ʹ
һӦҲ⻰
һ㶣Լ˶顣
ȫԼ⣬̹ϵûʲôо
ˣ˴˿ڣѵľͷһоû
˵ˡ
ѾѧˣС˵ʱòҪش
ĬĬϴͶˡ
ȷǸСˣŻ
ȡҩ䣬ȥۣ׼Լְ
ԼһѪһֺΣ
˿Ҳ⵽ġӡ
ү
ţ
ɵ
̧Ϊʡ
ҡͷȻǸɵӡ
˿һ·ظ֪۵ġ
ȻҲͣΪ֮
ŵ洦˿ڵļҼ仰˵㡭ǰ˵õࡣ
ţգۣ˵𣿡
СǱȽϳʵģԼļš
ڰ֣Ǿ͵û˵ɡ

Ϊʲô֮Ȼ˽Լ£ֲ׷죬ֻӲɻء
ʵϣǵԼ˭˵Щˡ
شʣȫ顣
չֻʱʹīֲͨʶչʾʹȤҲ黭Ծ
Ȼ黭Ծš
ǸˣǾõԻòҲȤ
ѧ֮򵽣ܿĲԼˡ
ԼʱԾ̾ԼҲҡ
ҵǣûбˣҵǣ޷ʱʱ̿̿Լ
Ȼÿÿⷬʱ³϶ޱ飺
үǲǺһʲôıƣдʡ
ѧˣش𣿡
ɡ
֪
үң˿ڵҲԸ˵䡣
ǽģƳ˫鶯Ĺ⣬Сè
û仰Ҳˣ̲סʵʱıУδ㡣
⣬Ϊʲô㣿
ظáһ㣬ͻȻֹסôҲٿˡ
ڼУЩƫִ͵ġ
ദЩб仯Ҳ²ࡣ
˵ֻܲ²Ϊ˹ԷҲˡ
˭ɵء
С˹Ϲţ̲סүǸֹǺϷ˵һλ
λֹүĻԼ
ɫ£ʲôԼ޻̸֮
Сջӣ˵Щ˵ʲôӳɻôҲδУͲҪռšռšӴӦүӭֹΪ
ô˵
޹ӣҲСڿү˵ʱ򡣡
ͲĻٶ࣬Щ£ԺҪ˵ֱȥǡ
¼۸ǼȫϣоС
ҴʵұҲǺģ뵱ߡǶүˣǶҲӰүүѽ϶ӦǵģԾ͡
˵Ѿȫһ˿
úܶԡ´Щ£СǼ˵һá
СԼҹͶȥͶصĤ֪ǶôĲأʲôѹڵġ
ҪǣΪԶԷòۣôĵİɡ
һ˵ˣԭȫ˸
үָģǶۻˡ
ȻԽƯĹԽƭء
ǹ̫ˡ
죬ҲСеٴγҹһ졣
˿δԼƭԽüǰԣʵʶµúܡ
֮ͨ󣬿ϲ˾ôأû˿
ûȥѰֹóλĸͬΪ˱֣ҶԴеĻԼûκȤ
סڸʱҲΪʵ׽
ģһȴһֱɻ
Ǿλֹǰʧһ꣬ͻȻԼصС
һȥ򣬵Ҳûб
˼Ƭ̣ȥϷԺС
Ϸϲμ
ʱʵ٣ʱֻСϲˣϲʶ
ǵãѰǶʱգĸͯƵʱƵʧ̬ΪһֱŮ
һζԼĸֻŭҰǣ
Ϸ˺һ󣬻عͷȴϥߣСϴ
ǲûŮûѽҲ㲻ҪŶ
ȴǿݡ
һ仰չֱڣÿμ涼һƽ
һ֣֪ܹĳվԼĸо
лҪ˵˵µǲǺܶ˿Ѽ´ҾͷİˣΪֻһҲûҪ

085

, δڰŽҶ
ߵĴʵȴ޷
ʡ֡С޷Ƶĵӡ
ԼȤ˿Ƕ򻨴ԣȥǿǸһ
ǡö̰
д̾Ͳˣ
Сԥ£˻ԡ
ܱ, ܿͱ̳Ѫ˿, ϸ׵Ƥ, Ŀġ
ôӣʵԼ
ʣô
ˡ
ʡ

ϸϸܵ赲, СѾߣͷ֪Ǻ, ˵, ѲҩĻ, ܿӰ쳤ӡ
šüʲôӰ죿˵
ǡЩСѾѹԺҲˡ
ƿ, ֱ
ɽʶڣ۽޹ˮ, ƣؿɩ, ֪ˡ
һ֪˵
ðɡ, Ҿ͹ˡ
ɽ̥빬ʵò
Ϊ̫ˣĸ̫ӪѲ
ˮȴȻڴһ˲䣬ƺ˺ΪΪĸ׵塣
ҽŮҩΣ
СӳʱЩܻӰС塣
ɽˣ˫ۿҪ
Լѡ񡣼Լ
ˣɳĬƬ̣Ͱ˼
Ļڵ˶ʱĹǰ㣬˿
ٽɽʱĮ
ִʱãգɽͷˣôһĻ
Ϊŵ£ԼĪҲǻһʹ׷㲻ϾĶǡ
ĶǵģŸɽӸߵ͵ĽӲһ˳Ѫˮ
ȶˡ
ۡгƵӵֻ͸ɽ뱣øɽ
ãλʶҧָʣﵱʱҲ𣿡
Сͬţū澡Ҳ֪ǻū澻Сء
˵˵ŮӶģ൱ڰֻ̤Źء
˵˵űԼһ亹˿ڿˮԺ󡭡ҲҪôһأ
ҪΣ
ûأӶҵġ
˼ȿɿָǼֶڲ
뵽˲óһøɽָڹǵ˺á
ɲǡ
ͼһûһ˵ŻÿϢҪһۡ
赲ߣ˻ƺֱֱ͸Щĸɽ
ڴʱһĳŭǱΪ
ۡսսǵԭ¹Ѻ˺üˣȴͻȻ˳
ɽѺ˼£ĺӣҲ𣬵ǹ˼ʲôΪʲô
ɻ󣬱߽˴ѯԵɡ
ⱾǸлܣݲֻͬС˵ˡ
ԭڸյ˵ʱɽ岻˼δ˽⵽ڵ岻ʺУ㶯Ȱͷ
ɽȻλ͵͵ҩڱʱ֣⺢Ѿûˡ
󵨣ʣɽȻû𣿡
ܼҺ¡´ȱĳЩ
Ȼվסš
Ȼڿ˲䣬ͷ·ʲô
ûһֻȥѣĿеĽûԼľǼϣҲеС
Ľɽ
ɽûйصشҲΪ㣬̲סˡ
ûģʹ֪˼
ʱǿѺȥ˰Ժ⣬ֱֱֻš
մתȫڰȾ˽ɫ
ɽʱ
֮ǰһֱ֪ô࣬Ϊδ˵
³˵ֳ͸ıǱô̻Ҫأ
Ķ̲ס˲סɽ֣
ɽȷûʲôˣֻΪ˵ͷ˲һֱŬʹ
˵໰ûʲôãһڶߵ˯ѽɽûǰѹʵ廨ڽŵµأ϶ǳÿ
ɽ۽޲˲ϷٽʱҾͽʹӣ鲻˳³ٳ¸˸ˡ
ꡪɽЦˣЦ̲סۣ˺ü
ɩ˴ġ
гЧ޹Ҳֱ׳ѵʲôþͿѽ
ɽЦãҲ⻰ĸֻҪ뵽Ƿƺһ֧
ƲϿʱ˶Ĩ˰Ѻ
ĸӾ
ɽǰ֧žû˯ɩҿ
ŶһҲڷȥӣһ͡סüͷ塣
ôʲôԣɽп⡣
˿пɣǡ
С棬̫ˣ̫ˡ
Ц˵˼䣬Ҳ̲סе˵ʲôճĺӶĻ˵ҳʱƯޱȡ
˶һЦõģ
ɽ˽ӣ⣬ҿ
ӦƳʵŵòеؽӹСӤŵͬͬš
̫С̫ˣͻһ
ɽսˣ˵㣬˵ܺÿ
üëӣ۾Һ񰡡
ȥ꣬ζûСò˼Ͽκ븣ɽƵĵط
ѵ˵κһ˶äĿ

˯һɽһܻܳڼ䣬ɩչ˺𣿡
ܲ񣬵Ӧ
ŵɽŷĵس˯ȥ
ССӤ߶£˯ҲȵúܣвСС⡣
Ҳ
룬Ӥ죬ſھ
ԭأ޴䣬ѡõССӦǶˣɡ
á
СӤ˱̣Եȴ˻ֱŽС˯ˣʱط
طһ²ϴʸдš
үչżɽƽӡʡȥмһλ̲סϣүãûǵĺӣһҪúôոɽ
лҪ˵Ѽ
һڶû̫ھϣӵڴ˯һʸT-T

086

ɽƴµС, ҽӽ
󣬶Сɵģŵˡ
ܺԼһСľŪʱǵøɽġ
⣬ظһӽСˣλˡ
ûǲ, һֱվԺ, ִŵŸɽڵӡ
ת, Ҳûһ˿ԥ
ó˰̲ס̾
Ƴۣҡҡͷ, Ǻɵˡ
ô˵Ϊ˲ƽϲһ˾ǻɶ
С, ˵ĺ㾭һ
Ӻߺ, ûһ·Źүӳ׵ѽ, ڿүɻеôµĸо
С룬ûС
, Ҳүѽζεү, ڻ𣿡
Ҳ룬ΪŴηʧˡ
ʧ, ڶүͷ϶ˡ
¶Ȼ飬ԭҺү仯ô𣿡
ɲ߶в֪, ūÿտŶܷο
¶ĸװЦݡ
ԣ˿죬΢ġôԣ
Ǹϵģ֣԰ǰү߸ģҪôү㣬ҪôүϣᡭСͱң
С̾Ϣɵӣ
ͬʱ͵͵תȥǹﲻûһļ󣬷Ʊ⻰ѣʲôɫˡ
ãɵӡ
ɵӲܳΪĬͣСѺܶ࣬˵ģҲ̲ס͵͵Цˡ
Զǧ֮ƸоʲôͻȻ˸硣
һβŷӦүڴ磬ֻ㱸С
Ͼƽүʹ²䡣
лʣү岻ʣ
µЦ²˵š
ҲС٩ǿɲ˲һүǧ֮ⶼиˡ
ȿȡл΢ȼѵεˡ
ѭȥ˫īɫɱ
ݶʱ
лЦȺǵӷˣǿɴӲүЦ
ҺүҲûŻ˰ˡ
ع¡
Ǳ߸ıˡ
ţ
֮˲첻ʼүʾˡ
лüһⲻǼҵ磬һЩսˡ
ǵʾòܴʵۣӦҲǼֶΡ
ԹͶ㡢ҲЧķ
ǱʾԸ⽫еŮ
ǣĻֻС壬ЩмҲ˼
ǵŮݶԣ̫ҲǿԵģȴԸ֮λɼġ
ºЦ֪֮ûФλá
ȺۿСκүദģ֪үġ
Ⱥ佫˶ԣ㲻ʲôԶͬλ
Ⲣǻ᲻֧Ľ顣
һĴȣү˾ǣ治ٲٵģԺ˵ȺͷܲԼŮϴɱү
һЦܿͶʶˡ
лûͣү˼أ
Ĭ˻ӳ顣
˵ת˻⣬ȥˡ
ҹ
ҹһ˳ȥл˫΢У˹ȥ
ʳүʱΪүԲһο
˼ӦҪζɡ
ЦЦϾСƢɲС
ҲΪүӦ
⣬޺飬үΪλܾ
лҡҡͷһ˽ү
ү߳ƫִ侲Ƕˣһ㣬ʼδ䡣
顣
Ը⣬Ǵ¿ܻǳ
лҲδ߳һ˼

Զڲݣ鸣ɽڼ䣬յһš
Ҳ
Ϊ˳ط򿪣ɫ侲
ɫԣС˼ü
㿴ŵ˹
СͰԴһԽԽ˭ĵģ̫ˣүû˵ʲô˾ȻˣҪүطˣ
Ȼ˵ʲôȰҪСӰүҵүߵһˡ
ѵүĴҵǿȢŮ˶ɵ
áתϾӨ͸ǾãүȢΣ
ȻˣС󾪣Ϊǰ뷨ɱ̫үȻܺãٺõĸҲҪάϵģȲ˵ƷΣֻҪ;ʡ͵ĵƣ˭Ը⿴үԼأһȥ϶Ӱġ
ϣȴϵͨ͸ЩСǡүݣʹˡôҲֻйһɡ
ҲƵ£ʱ˶ûϡ
е㲻һˡ
СʱĬ
˼ȴǡȥűĹ
ôôòˡ
ûеһʱֳûֱӻŷˡ
˼꣬ȡֽʡ
д
±ʺÿһƶҪ˼죬պķʱдɡ
ĩдŴ׸үƷ
ܿյţչǽüͷɡ
˿ŶŴ׸⣬Ȼ
ûʼ֪£ֻĥī⼸˼ľд¡
ĩ𲻼̶⡣
˿ţָҪŪɻ
ȴüչ¶Цա
˻ţм仰дŵأǱ֮ˡ֮СҲʣȴֵʱǽȡȥǡ
յţ̲סЦˡ
СôĿҽү
лҪ˵ûпѼ

087

쪷ѩ˶, ڻʵĵ꣬ȼսĵڰ˸£ʵ۱ǹԱȰ
½ʿһ·߸裬ֱ⡣
գӡ
ͬڻʹеĳƲҵ, кЩ˼˿
ָĳ㲻ʲô, ֻҪǸλ, ǶӰͲܴ
ο˼Ϊ, ִܱڵĻʵҪࡣ
죬Щˣ˵²ϲ, ϲִ𡣡̹ٽָӵת, Ĺſڣÿ¥ÿ·, õþϸ£ⷽ⡣
һʵڱ׾ְ̹Ὺƿ, ˵ٱ飡ֻƿܷţԶġƿ, ΪƳɱܹɽ, 㺦£㾹ڳû𣿡
˾һ亹, ̹Űѻƿˤ飬ֱ˱ǣ֪𣿹вٳֶ
ܹܣǡǡͰ͡
̹бôˣ
ڴʾ£̹㿴վڲԶĻʵۡ
ʵ۲֪δúʰԼˣ磬ĻѾƬûˡ
̹һ˲飬ת뵽ʹ֮ˣλõ³ҲȨүֵüɵ
ԣҲֻ֪ϹʲôϽԼķ֮£ֵĵ£ٹܣ
߲Īڴˡ
οʵۻûλء
Щ֮˲˻ųܿܣһϦ֮˵ˡ
̹֮ˣ
ʵ۲ˣҲû˼ȥ⡣
ʵϵûִҪǿ˴֧֮ǿСȰ
ֻ֪º޲ôӻɣʵ롣
ʱ򻹵ùȥӭӭĵܵܣÿÿ뵽ˣʵ۶ӿһС
ԾԷԼĻᡣ
ȻССԸÿλδжͻһȺֹ
ºαˡȰнɽ֮£ûϾֵܣ֮ڣΣҲ̫֡
λáģȡ֮ģǱ˳Ц
ʵһģЩ
ΪʱЩûôٿ˴뾩ݲͬ޷˷θλ
Ȱο£ʵ۽ģڡڻʺںΡϣ³ȢδȢͰˡ۵£ġ
ȷʵˣȢޣиʡĵɣڴˣ
ʵ뵽ͻǸǸͺСС
ȢȴʡĵĹҲںúܶɣʵ롣
ͿʼͬСļҲעΪ
뷨˲Щûô֮µ˼ҡ
Ů˰гıҷΪɣһΪϺλģһΪ£СһԿºġ
߱ǰҪѡЩ˼ţС䲻ԣϾΪؼļºЩ
½ͨӳſֱݵʹš
̫ʰٹվʯ̾͵Ĺ㳡Ⱥ
ףԳſ
л¡޵ˣݲõ·ԵİղĽ֮ġ
ºߵĽʿҲǰб
սްɲлĳɣƤΪɫģҲƭ˵ġ
˶֪ɴŭүҲҪȥлӵЦա
Ͼߵţ׺Ͳס
ĵһۣٹٺһݡ
δƸʢˣ׽
˵ǰʱ棬˲ҿǽâڣȴԨ纣İ֮С
̫΢ɼףٹ
ߵһ룬һżʱٹͻȻһˣߺɱλĹȥ
ذ֮⡣
üͷ΢һ̧ų䱳͵ȥ˲νĨ˲
Ѫ罦ɸߡ
ĽѪС꣬ý˲ⶼȾѪɫٹٶг
Ҳʬһۣɨٹ٣кˣ
˸ӡ
Ƭ̣ûվսˡ
ǵ
ӣӵģǴӳĻʵۡ
ʵƽȴڲɱҡΡ
η塣
¡̫վôһʾ
һʵ۳š
ڶβϽס
̫ĵѪ⣬ʵ۲֮ң
ʵڵվ𣬼Цݣˡ
ͣΪ֪¡
Ȼ֪ģһʱûӦˡֵͬܣα裿ʵȥļ磬ǱδջصѪվûж
̫΢Ц£ɿɵպȽʥּóա
ʵЦݽסβ鲻Ըȡʥּ̡
ľͱ̫ǶõĻ޼λ²ͨԹʵΪ޵
һλگ飬һλگ飬ǰ
ɫõλԤ֮£ʵûʲôɼġ
ʵͣʱʣ˵ˣ
ʵס˵ˡ
ףʵߣһ˫ϵزסʵܣɲܻŵλģ㲻ɱޣ
̫ŲһƣסǰȥȻʵ۵Ĵ󳼣ģᶯ
κθ̫ͷˣֻˡ
ʵ۱ֱ빬һã׹Էʲô
ʵǻʵ˽ģûйȵۣ˶˹ֳͬԼ̫ٸ顣
ǿԼհģ
ʵ۱⣬ʲôĲģֻۻӢţڹ
Ȼֹʵ£ٺ
ٽһ磬ƤѪʵʧʹޣޡΪһĲģޣû޲Ұߡ
㲻ǡһʵ˸һͼԼͷɴ磬ڵء
ҶһһصľԼͷ˽ԭذΣ亹¡
ʵ۲̧ͷȻĻ£кʹޣ˫Ŀ졣
Ƭ̣ʵһᣬʲôॵأСĿȥǽΪɽλ
Ϊɽ顣
ʵ۸ҷҲ֪ǲ˽ʲô
˱ۣڴ˵أԻ£һһ
ʵһ㲻һôڶԷĿ£˿ҷ
ֻ˿ڿˮԼЩɥ֮£µһ
΢˵򺬺壬ͷһơ
һʱ󣬻ʵԴѾû˼Ƴȫ̵
㲻ȥʵҲ֪ԼģжôЦѾû˾ȥעЩ
Ϊ˵Խ࣬亹ҲεԽࡣ
ʵҲԼŵɡ
ʵ۵ĵʱûзһʱȥĬƬ̣תá
ռ쾩ǵĵһգûеǻλ
ʵ֣֮һʥּ
׷ֳ̫Ϊۡ
պ󣬼ĳݲڻ£ִﾩǡ
лҪ˵ǲģϻһ

088

, δС
ף˵ٳѽͲʮ꣬º۰λСء
ʲô˵δԲ, ۰, ĵ
ΪζҲδң
ǻΪ
δ뾩ʱ, Ѿܶˡ
Ϣ龩ǣƵ̸ʤ
ʵ۵λگ, ˶ףǰ϶һι
Ȩܴһ, úڱɰ, ΪͼҲø߹
ʱ˿, һͷУ˾Ե
ĺλ, Ҳͳеġ
ÿһλʵ۵ԭˣ伴λ󶼻ܷλ
һǿĸ, ãܱڦĵ̫, µλҲࡣ
ŵλҲûնɱʵۣʺ󼰺μҡҶѾ˴նŵگ顣
һñ, ̲ԼǰѪȣп֮໹һ˿ãȻ
ڤ˼£ˣ
˵á
ǽʣȻʧһɶˡ
Ǽ·ٲֻ֪ʲôҪѡ
ҲȢһϣ˶Ŵ
뵽Ȣ֣֮Խ࣬Ͳɾãת۵㣬ƺǳ顣
ʹûȢҲԽƫ򼫶ˣֱԼҲϷ˲ߵô˳ҲвôվߣҲ
֪үáŮϣδף֪Ǽˡ
ʱ꣬δ񻡣
Ļ˵Ǿǲʣôֻ
ϰߵعŰݣ˿ĸ󣬻ֻ֣ҾͺˡҪԱźˮɵӣʹˣעⱣȥǰɡĸͻֶô׵϶Ը

һڶûͱ䡣
ڣҲϰߵġ
ҳЩ
ŶƮƮҹ𣿡
ԼʲôʱģʱĬԱƽ
ɸִ֣ԼĶүԼǲ׼ҺͶı𣿡
ԥԼӦûʧ䣬ƺһֱûԼԲɣ
һֱ׳ûУ϶аѵүҪ𣿡
ûСӦشˣĩ˲ʶԼֱСˣŪһ
ò˵ô仰ȷɺܶࡣ
תһܹؼ£̽˻Ϊ
ΪͻȻãҲҪһܵѽתȻ顣
ûס˰ʣǲЩԣ
ʲôԣգۣװɵ
ȻЩʲôáλĴԡ
ĵȻλãǽʶӲƾԼԾͿԲҪġ
Ը֮֮Щ꣬ʵںòˡ
ԭ֮һҲΪʶԼĹ֡
£бЩ
ıЩ˲ң룬޹ء
򴽣̧үǰĳŵһǵãҲţǡ
˫ˮģʱˮ֮УС̬֮ԵҼϧ
Ͼ٣ȻΪ˺ıûôꡣ
ţѾиĵˣҲв
̲סһΡ
ܶСԼʮŮΪԼ˱ܵ㣬ϧ
ҷۣѵۡ
ᵽۺѵۣһ÷ԭӣһΪֻȨƣ󹬳ӯ˸ɫʵδϲκһˡ
үʲô
ϣʲô
˼費ɣױ̫ۡ
ݸеأ
УҪػ£ռˣĶأ񲻾ûλĻҿɲ뱻˵
Цǻס𶯣üòֱ
˵ĻܺЦ
һõ졣
ǼѾ㹻ãı䣬ԺҲĪҪ䡣
Ϊ˱ܻüı£ҲŬȥԼŵԡ
ԸСҲ١
֮˳ʱԸǱ
ñԸܹƽЯһ
λҪһΣҲζѡ
֮ʮ֮|ţҪ˽Щܶೢһ
һºеǻ䣬ĹΪƱۡ
գ۷󣬷併µǻĵһʥֻּȢʺһˣɺ
лҪ˵ôоҪˣҴٺİɱĴT0T
һ٣ỹǼ
ÿֵܼʱ̫ˣҶоˮԲ

089

ڽӴ⳼
ʺؼʡȥˡ
·, Ӷĸ׵Ľ̵ƽĵ
ΪѾˣҶҲ£游嶼ھ, һ˶Ҫؾ
λؾְ, һؾιٵ뷨, ҽס
˵Ѹ£ֻȢʺһ, ŵ޼
ֻˣΪ˽°ʾˡ
ĸ׻߶߶˵, ʺű´Ƕ, Ȼ٣ϸϸЩ, ҲĪҪͼ´Ҳδӣ˵ǻʺ岻㣬ֻһ, ¶ῼǵġ
ĸסӶʺòΣ
⡭ȻǼõġĸȰݼۺ, ʶ֪
Ӷգ֮Σ
ĸԥ, Ҷò֮ʺ, Զӡ
ұȻʺᣬοʺ࿴Щ꣬òҲʧʡ
ĸ鶯촽ղİŮˡ
ʺǰòŮӣ¿ʮҲᡣ
οʺԶԶֻһѡ
Ƿ͹֮ǰԸΪŮףŮҲʮҲû࿴˼ңŸɴͽ
̾˿ŮҰģ治֪Ǻǻ
иģҲһֱĵû˵ݼۺʱоۺ֮ķΧ
ǾֻȢʺһ˵ĻһʱϷԡ
Ӷǵ͵Ĵҹ㣬ʱ丸ı׼Ͳһ㡣
̸ҰģǰŮȶ̫ı׼ģԲ黭Ȩıԡ
λ̫ӣ̸ŮܹУڻһλӣòͼ֮
Ĺ˺٣ȨЩŮų˹ʱδˣټĻʳǲԵ塣
ӶڳĹӣߣ͹ڷ⡣
һ˵⹬Ҳ̫ûˣطžúܡ
Ǳ²ǰһλݣҲܣ³ǻҪ⣬˲ͬ
䣬Ӷ̧ӭһˣپʧԣ¶΢΢ɬ顣
ӵСŮ״ˡ
⺬ЦʲôеĿ䣬ƨĵô
ӶҲŵ͵ӸߴӰԷⶼûĵײЩʧ
ǱǷ׿еľ֮࣬˿ġ
ţı»ΪһʱŮŵܾ
Ϊٶ꣬Ȼѵ»᲻ͳӵĹϵһ㣿
̹۶ŮʶֲʧСŮ̬ľֹʮ⣬Ųûкͱ˵Ů빬ĻϾλƢһʱûĥ͸Ҳ֪Ǿ仰ķΣֻʾ£᲻˼
ۣҲԭŮ˼һ̹ûеȷȻֱӿھ;ܾ¡
εܹܺôۼ֤˺üµĵۺΪ˽˼С㣬̹ڹߣǲҪƲ¹Ϊãײ
̹ƳһŮӶ˳ףӵǣŮĸײɢһʱ鼱·ĹùãŮ֪
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Ȼôô£
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ݲ³ϰԭĸۡεĵۺɽݼھʮ¹
ݼҴүվӣѾ٣Ϊһƽա
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ʹһõ䣬֪λʺն׾ʧȥټ
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ʱټ棬׸оɣüϰߵҲֳֻͻȻܳڳˣƺҲ˺ܶࡣ
ǰ˶ֵܱģ˺һݣ̵̾ˡ
ˣ
³Ϸ˸ۣˣ˵ͷۡ
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ˡ
ǰҲˣҽմȵء
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ݼԲȻҪߵ۴С
Ůģ³룬лŮʲôɡ
һŮãôһ֮ĸˣе̬
΢΢Цģп׿ɾʡ
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˵ֶŮûòһ˶԰ҲѰõ˼ҡ
Ȩһ󣬷λεĹүǸ൱ѡڻԣȱλãԱ¶Իʺļƣʺҵĵλ
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ǡʺɣ˷ӦѸ٣񣬡ϼʺ
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ǣʺƽͼȥһ࣬鶯úܣȲҲᣬ˵Ǹ˶
ҷţһܿŮӱԡ
һЩǰ߰ڼλʺǰҲģ̸˷С
֪ΪʲôԼײԸˣ̫ˣ˵䣬ֳҪˡ
ǰ˿ʺò磬֪Щˣӣܸġһ飬üͨ泩ίֶŮҲ˳ؽȥµǷĸ黹ǲøֶŮһźá
ףǰҲݷ˵ġ
ֵòùȻãؼڶǷˡ
˵üǡ
³ϵⳡĬĬš
뿪ˣŵ֪ΪβԸϣ
Ϊ̸̫𣿡
³ЦЦţóЩΪ棬ЩΪ𣿡
˿ҵģͦ١
³ϣ
ܺã꣬Ůŵëһûġ
ĸ׵ĲԸŮ³ϼѵͷ˵Ҳԡ
СС⣬ɲֻаίߵģôĮҲǰ״ģǶкЩүµķء
ĬĬǶʱЩĴμǷ˵ʲôĻ
Ž˽̵һŮģ³ϵı鶼ӲҭЩ
״΢ɼһԶЩڲˣǻʺٶˡ
³ϣŶ
лҪ˵ͣ죬ҵоǣүŰ滼
˵ΪƺϰԺһǳŶȻƱۣоһ_(:١)_

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ĳ̶ֳȶ, ³ϱݲҪŵöࡣ
ݲٳҲģ˼Уվɱ³ϾŶ۽С
ˣҲˡ
ڹбǵĹſĻʺʵʵλ, ϲҶ˵һ仰
һʱ, ﶼҪ, һЩ
ĬĬ룬ӦôԼҷظ, Լ΢Щ
ͬʱŵıͻȻ˸磬ΧĬˡ
ܹСĿ, , ̫ҽ
áһƳʺȥˣ
ȥ, аˡ
ŰգʱĬ˻
ҹ£
ر£һλ, ǰѾ빬ˡ

ȥĶȻݸˡ
ܹĵ, ûķˡ
ҡ
㲻֪ɽıɰ, Ѿ·ˣۼ˭ܸȥСƨ, ҡҡλεߡ
³һԼ
С棬ǲǻûʱôҪԵֵġ
˵֣ڼɽӺ󣬼òԸˣ֮࣬ӲûҵԲĺʻᣬ˵ʲôˡ
³ϻǣֲһģôܹң
ҹ𣿡
ﲻڵɡᣬȻûйҡ
ݼԻһöأ
˵ҽһȤ¡ݼ԰æתƻ⣬˵ǳ̼һиʱ콵ƶѵΪҪ콵ʱֻܽؽ֪ĶԾǻ˼ҵĸǽܽؽսгͳˡ
ò񣬡ճ𣿡
Ȼǣⶼʮǰˣֻǰ游ĸȥأŻѾòɡ
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ɫҲ΢΢
ǡܺÿ𣿡
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֣˵̫ˡ
У⡭
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Ǳˣ֮ЦôҲ
ݼѧǳЩɡ
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תͷ׼ʱع
صʱٻذɡҲүǣնæҲǱһߣ;ʹˣСͷҡ
ȡȿȿȡݼ͵ؿһɻĿ⣬Ǻˣ
ݼҡҡͷȭ洽ʾ⣬˿ͬ۽ǳ鴤
˻ĳĸӦ³ŷʲô
˵½ôæҲûô˼أʱҶˣ±ϾͼΡӵġ
ȥѾĴǣ´ɣӹһ١
Ƥһ䣬
Ͼǵ˻ʵ۵ˣƺǰһүȻͬ³ҲԾóΪصɫ
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ĿƺʣҲ
ߺأôæαΪôҪ˱
ˣСӾ
˵ԼҲΪ
ǻʵ̫࣬ʱźüնԵĳԼһϤ£ЩϳɵƤ
ɵƤǼݵģÿÿʱ뵽ݶ̲ס΢΢һЦЩӱþֵԼ˵ʲô
ĮԼ֣ƵۺвױһȺ˵š
ƢѾЩĥԽԽá
ʹӣҲҪеġ
ǿưպذѼ˹̤޹ʱס˼˫ۡ
ôô棬׼ʲôϲ
Ժ֪
¥ʮǰ׼ˣֻʵڷæûԶ
ʱɹϵý⡣
ʳ£²ţǼ΢΢ʶųʲôһѡ
ǳʳʱЩƣôϢ˵ĸо
΢룬еˡ
ȹܶΣѵֿסqaq
ʼ׺ߵǶԷ
˵Сɬ֪Ȼˣƿš
ˣ
ĹͻȻУһʱ䣬֪ԼΪͻĹ⻹ǶϵƵѣΡ
Ȼһ仭硢ǽڡͷ϶ڿ˼˻ǽϾοյĸ״ڷŻһͼ
ÿһͼϣԵ׺飬ڰԣĵӣ˸Ǹҹɫ
ЩͼûǣΪһˡ
ԡЦŭᡭ֪Լԭôı顣
뾩ǼգҲ˼ܾòģδϡͳչĿ鶯ˣҪԾֽ
һͼԼʵЩڴ
Ӧϲգ
ɫͼлʵϲ
ϲϲĻڶ˴䣬ŬŹסЩҪûˡ
ԣ
лҪ˵ٶЩӦдҪүhhhh

091

ΪξϲѵѪ, ˶
ǹˣȻҲֺ֡á¡
εľٶܿɹ
˽̵𣿡Уʡ
ͣ˻, 
ⷴм, һʶ, û뵽˽̵ģ
ģز˵ӣʶȤû׷, Ƶת
¡
ƺ
ţ΢գ, ǽʲôۣ磿
, Լڻ硱͡ƺʱ΢΢
Ц, ֳȻÿ˶ϲڴ硯ƺѽ, Ҳ⡣
ֻ뻰Ǵ߰ĻϿġ
ڷ, û뵽±濴ʵϡ
ȰȵС챻Ʒס, ״ĸУʱ, ˯
ŲҧһڣŲҪһһ㶼ء
ΣСƵģǻʲô
ѽôûúüңѵҶ˵
˵ţɫ˵ܽؽǲˣ
˵
ܽؽʕiβҷأƷ˳ΪǷ˵Ļ
һҾ˵ԭǴ⡣
ô˵
ʲô̹¸˱飬ۣӣ˷ƺһء
ü֪˵˭
̹۵ļƣյǾ֪ΪԼơ
ȥѹȥ
á֣Ƕû˼ѽ档
תʲôתѵҲ·
ʱǺסͿ̵װͰ͵񣬡ѵҲ𣿡
񣬺񡣡
ļƻܼ򵥣ģġ
ǲϲƣ˭ܱȵùң
οиµľ˾ˣ³΢ڱһƶ֤½֪
ѹûѳ̹ıϹ˾ҲСһ㡣
ɰ˳űǡ
ΪԼ뷨ƣ磬ô
ͦõġӺ䷢ܵĺһ§ǿбס˯ɣˡ
ҪƳݣ׹ԹԲˡ
˶Ա˴˶Զõİҩ˾ţҲܿ˯ȥˡ
һ˯úܰȣ˺ʱ˵ĴѸͣˡ
ջʾѵò붯ˡ
˻ӱȥϳˣȥѽ
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ۣ˼˻ո𣬴Ӵ˾糯
̲סЦһڣĶĴ
ֻǵ˯һ
һС
ˢúˣƶˣȥȻóɻˡ
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ֻܺ廳һʮĴˣԲߣʱ˯˯á
һ𣿡
ҧҧͷһҾ͵˯
żһ
ƫƫɫѾŵ˵üָժʲôֻ÷߷߸һϴ
ɫûأίǰ˯Ҳܵġ
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ʺһϳ
ܹסҲȵȣɴû˵
һ㶼ȥһڳ¡
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޽¶ˣ벻ûʺ󡣡Ӧ͢Щ̹٣󷽵СǶ˸Σü
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һڴСͻȻðôһﳤ̣˲Ŀ
˳Թ˳ɣѩ׽ȮӣͻȻˣԭġɣȮǱʲôаߣѾ˰

ˣ
ֻΪèı仯ͻɶӲǶӣǸˡ
ɻ˳˵ģǸŮӣû뵽޵ķ˲ŵ
׷ԴԼôǧ˿ƵĹϵ
˳ãƺԾ˾˷ʾá
ȵס˷粻²ɶϷΪá
£ѾʮˣϷԣ˳ͨһˣڴ뱲õľλɲܸ˸岻׵Ķ
𣿡
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һۣ»Ǹ
Ͼ㱾ô֣Ҳǡ
Ҳû뵽ѵüԼϸ¡
ɢʱŶͷΪͷۣȻЩΪѸδ
ԼΪʲôӦأʡ
ƾ޾ݣΪ֡
ӼĸӦӦҲ֤ءĳ̶ֳϣֵֹͦĸо
οҲ˼ҶҲܺ棬գҾͷ˳˽һʣô
˼˳ôҲĳӣӦʡ
лҪ˵ĵ԰ǽտѼ
˳10086κڣΪɶûʦ˹ԱQAQ

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˳ǰСͰڤ˼, ѽڽ, ǰٰƷ硣
, ƷļҲʳ
һҪ, Ҫλķ˹Ůɴ
뵽ھһоסĸɽ˰ĸ
ÿҪȥѧ, ɽѾС
ɽȡ˸Сèè, Ϊ⺢رϲèѧ·ͱСӲ, СȥҲצ
ԶŵèèϢСһܵԶ, Сˣֵȥ, ʼӣ
Сȥˡ, ôһܽ׷
èèҡͷżֱ۲˵ֱ˽, ΢㵽˺󷽡
ûбɽǲˣӴ˳Сÿʱÿ̶ɢҺܲˬϢ
СҲ
͵͵С𣿡
ˣίּᶨ
ɫôģ
èèèո㣬èèƨɣ

ˣèèż԰̰֮ģ϶ˮΣա
û뵽ֽèè˼˻СҲתɱŤŤԸ
ҲЩɱŲԶľ뻤ˡ
һڣèèҲԵñǰ࣬ǣʱȻˡ
èèһѧ·˵ʱر֣Ҳ˯ʱ͸ɽŻ˵ˣϲԲԵС
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վȻˣ
ͣɨʵʵײС㡣
СԴ̧ͷСƺȺֿ
ʲô£Ż
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͵Ц˾ˣʲôֵĳƺ
èèδʵ˾ˣĻҪ˵
½ǣʮϵ˾ˣˣǸ˳Եòã
С۽Ǽʾ󷽡


ЦüֱֱҲġǸ̫ˣԲѽ
һһڣšԼͿСָģɰˡ
ˣ֪ԼȻôСƨޣȻҪ˳Ե
޷ش𣬼˿ȣܹѽ˾ֻԲԵˡ
èèܲԣղŻƨƨ
ΪʲôҪƨƨèèȲ𣿡
˵⣬Сʶʲôס첻˵ˡ
˿һˡ
ͻСʱһɰ̲סѵǻҴͳ𣿡
ʱȴȵģ
룬ңࡣ
Ƥú񡣡
ţͻʺѧ

ԽԽ˵ЩƤˣһʱ֪ø˻ŭ
ϣڵȴױʱۡ
߷ļܹܲ룬۾ڿŻʺ±ʻ˿죬յźʱܶ˶˵ȡ
Ʒ磬ûױù¡أΪһ֮󣬸еԲ١
ϲʺȴԵøݻׯЩкƮݳ̶ȣȫȲƽЩİ¡
֬ζģȡ
ǣ˸ˣһֺ֬˾ʱūҲúǺţϲ
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ʵȥ磬Ͼǻʺҷǲμӵᡣ
ѵ͵Уʱ
ᣬԼݣȻȥ̫硣
ģתȥ԰
԰ҹԲ˵һȺǧĵ˶ҹ飬ԡ
۵ģҪһλŮ
ɴڲסòʸ߻浾ţΪҹеٮٮߡ
Χ˵ĳƺпԵ֪Ůճ̣̹ܶ۵ĵճŮ
˲䷴ӦӦǾд÷зλת
ŪĴԣӶòȡֹܳɫվھеһڹУһۿɼء
¾𣿡
ۣá
ЦҵΪܲϧǡСѽȻʶһ
δ̬֮ɼһߡ
Ӷ̸󷽣Ѹٽύ˼λѣƺ²ߣѰ˸ڣŮԭأһ˶ȥ˻԰䡣
ɣĽǺܽ
һȻѹẰ~~
һͷƤ飬ȫһطȥƳһ˫ۡ
ӶԼ¡̧֣е͸֦϶˸Ķˡ
һı¼Ϊƣǰλࡣ
΢΢ۡ
·ģʺױ£ûаʱġǣסģôãܶء
ͷ£ڣޡ
·£澲ֻ֣󴺷һȡ³ȫ
˶мֵܵ
ӶĬĬţȻͼ§סȥ
лҪ˵ǿҪԲŬŬ
˵쿴һλ
߶˵鼮Ľ
ҰҹС˵
С˵=鼮
ԣҹĽ
ʲôԣ

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Ӷ游ײμӹһЩٳϵ, ܶʱŮ˼Ҳܱⲻˡ
λжߣòôͨӲϲ֡
, λµҲһ
Ӷһ֮Ա, һҲΪµҡ
˴, ǳź֮λģҲļҸȥ̸ˡ
ں, ޣѰ˷Ŀ
Ҫ, ΨǸλܸ
Ϊ, ̼Ѿ࣬λȵĻʺôá
°ת˼, Ӷ״µػصУµڷϵǾ仰
ֻҪŮˣûвĽǾ仰, ˸С
ʺòףѰ
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˵ʺƽҲԣһ֮緶ƫҲ֮֮
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˶ˣֻԼĻ
Щۺһ𣬺׾ܵõһ١ԡòߵĻʺ
ʹʺľ˾˱Ϊµһ̣˹ְϾǸȵ¹
˱֮֮ﻹǳЦͭζ
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ӶţʵǺЩ˽
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˳ѵ⣬˷Щ˼еĹԱҲһôô
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ˣɲԸ
Сʱ͸Ұĸ׶Ըϣ˽ŴӣΪŸ˵泰Цĸ̻Ůݡ
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ԹĳӶ˵ʺ뵽Щ
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ѰˣЩ֪˴ˡ
ؿŻʺһֽ߹ŲǳĻȣżЦһ
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λȫ̶еĲɵģƱʲôš
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Լö³΢ۣ˳˿ûдԸԽԶԽá
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ŵ֪ȴ˳Լûһ˾죬ǶΪ˳аΪһСҪӡ
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ĮֹһЩССᣬͬǵһΡ
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ҧŶʣջڳҩ𣿡
΢ǰվѲóˡ
ԭǰսɼ̫ҽһҩرעЩӲҪͬ
ǻæµɻûʲôѵġ
ÿգÿͬ˯һе˼尾
˵յĮʱԲĻ᱾еģǻûδˮɣҼҲеСеĺʱ㵢
ս£ĴϢʱУЩŮ鳤֮¡
ڽʱ׼֣Ϊõ顣
ɼƻǸϲϱ仯
⣬ᶨܾҲʵ̫ˡ
Ƭ̣޵¶Ȼߡ
Ϩƣ
ţȫϨ˰ա
лҪ˵ôΪʲôֻôòš
ߣΪ㲱¿̫ˣƴ¶ûСqaq

ѼСɰǣ20ӦӦȣôô(ţ3)Ũq

094

޶ͬĵһӦʲô
, Ŀǵɫᣣһϸ죬ӳճЩߡ
ʱ硣
գ˫ۣ۽֮ҹļʱ
ҹϴ, ˬ, Щ΢ʹڡ
, ԼƺšҲԲˣ
ûǰôʹҲûлƮƮɵĸоҪ, ǾǸо˵̶ܳȸһ㡣
ң, ˮڰա
ʲôо
תһ, Ͷһ˫ƺõīۣһ, ˣ
šʵûô˯ƽ£ȵĳ, ϵڣĿⲻ
ЩǰδɻʱЩǿͬĿ, δζȷܿϧ
г, ;òãҹƺˣڻе˳ˡ
һ, ֪ģƽոܹ˵񣬴ʱЩ졣
΢΢㡭۲ѽ
ԣʲôֵ⣿
Ц⣬ãôۡ
ҹϧ꣬͵࣬ҲֻһΣʵ̸ϡҪ˵̵Щࡣ
ɫ죬סԼֻ¶һ˫ˮšʵҲôۡ
ȵȣ⻰ˣ
΢ǡڰʾ
̧֣˸˵㣬̿Ҳʲô
šŬ״Ȼϸ׵¶ֳӣۡ
һ类ԼС˵òü΢ḧ㷢ˣסˡ
ղȥ糯𣿡
磬ûʱ
šڹ̷˸۵Ҫȣ˻
ϸģӯӯһա뵽ҹʱԼϸˡ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬΢գ㣬϶ˡ
ࡣһȥ࣬ϸ
ţͻȻЦѽܲһ
ˣ
ȡֲʱ΢΢صҲû¡
áݵģģҲκ
ƽʱЩͬ˵ǳڳ谮ݣʱ޴Ը㡣
ϤĶüССˣʼˡ
硣ſǶƫͷˣĳС
ţ
ҹʲôоգգ۾
һ٣˸еĴʣܲ
ǲĬĬţȫԼʱ뷨
ͻȻ˳ͷóһĶס֪˴滹ôһ顣
ϸȥܺãĳͼĲïĻ
ϸƬ̺ü񡭡񡣡
ָҹ⻰̬һſȥʱݸһֽӹƷģϲЩ
ҲϲС棬Ǻвͬ
Ķ仰̲ס˰ѼԴ
û⣬ͼźۣõӰͬ˯Ը⣬ﻹʲô
ͷǱˡ
ţɫ𣿡
ѽԥػش𣬷ҹоԼһ㶼ˡ
¶΢Цʮݵģã´ζԡ
š
Сʱʱڶлȥ糯󣬼˯˸
ٶʱġطСӽŷʱͣ
ӽɫáӿ޵
ѵɫ
СЦǽյɫã͸죬۷ۡ
ɫõĲ֮ͬҲˣɳ˼ѵ»
ˣӦöԼΡ
ȡ
˵ѾдˡС߱෢ߵ
ʲôԣ
˵ǰ˸Σ˵˽üԵʴԵڷ˶һ㣬ҪˡʱǷԲٻʢţơĮսҪмʱͻȻ½⣬͸µµһ١
ôŵ
Ϊڱ༸תò磬ȻеȥУû뵽ôϸڡ
֪ԭԼô
ǡ˶𣿡
ѽΪʲôšȻЩͺʵ޼ֻһļӹ
һ㡭
ѵЩգԼƤǺ񲻹ˡ
⻹ֻǵһء
Ժ󶼲ˣĪ߳ܵĸо
˸һױùţȴȥ̽˻Ϣ
Ѿգнˡ
лҪ˵QAQ

095

ò˵, ˵ĵֺĸ֪˳ϣʮ֤˵
Фĸ˳Ӻ˳˰õĶӡҲ˳˵ú񣬷ǳ, Сʱվһ, ᱻ˵˫̥
˳˰, ȥأʮֻ
һǰ, ˳˰˵ķΨһĶɽöȻ˹Ѹ, ˾, ڼУ˳߶ֽ
Ӳ²Ȼʲô
, ˳ˣСӲò˵Ĺ£
ǵûСС˿ȣ˵Ķʵû
֮ӡ˫, ѵڣȻ˳ӳú񣿡
Ӳ¶ˣͷ, ̽Ϣ˻ɣڵ˳ӵȷ, λ˵Ķӡ
˳İèͻȻʶ˳ӾͺˣϾͬһ, ĸоǺġ
Ӳɼʣô죿
˼Ҫ֮Ȼȥ˳ӵ䣬Ҫó֤ݡ
ʱ쾪ǲô̰ɣ
ռ˱˵λãҪɱˣ
ЦһԼӵԴʵ̫ˡϲǵĵɰ
ɱûɱˣҪǵˡҡͷȻˣҲܹܵģǱ߻ᴦá
มеͬ˳ˣ̲ס׽ü䶼˳Ҳ̫ˡ
ôҵǾòֵͬ飬Ըʶ˲ˣ˶ӣֻèʶƣ˳֣ɶҪ˸ȡˣ
˲ۣͬţûзĵǱȽƫСģϾΪһĸף˳˵ȷеˡ
ԣֻ˵˾䣬ʵȻȻҪöࡣ
Ϊһ֮漰̳е⣬ʹ˳ļ£Ҳֻܲˡ
˽Ľ˳˳ЩָҲ˳˴ЩԢԾڴˣôҪˡ
£ļձҲˣΪ˳£û뵽˶ʱ½չ
˹¶ĸִں͵컻գǸջؾǲõĳ̹۰˴æ
ѰʵѰҳϸϵǺɲɣ̹Ϊܶжʱ˷ְĵطţҲǶʱ䣬֮Ӱϲ˳Ӷ
ϧ츸йְײߣ̹ۻСӡ
ӶļƣؾĸӺ󣬱㲻źۼ뷨ٰøװǳ¡
֮ضԳӶأسӶŮҲǿ㣬ԸЩ
󣬲̾Ǻ˼
Ҫ룬ԼҲܷŹŹҪһʹ͵컻ճ˳ӣպԳ̸Ӷǲ˵
Ĳ󡣡ɽʲôۣĴŻеèè
ǰڹʱɽ˼̫ˣϾЩһʡ͵ĵƣֶ̫֮ɹûʲôһʧˣٲ
ɽһֱѧЩðȥñͲԼģ簲ȹԼӡ
ȷ
Ҳðյˣӵе㹻࣬Ҳûʲôܹ̰
ʳ⡣
èèǲˣɽȻСַ۲١
ĿƲĶóԣ˵ա
ô˵ţиֵȴԼèèͣʵĻ棬Сסջ󣬻һҲҪһһСľͳԳ˸ӡ
ɽЦüԽ˼ʹǰݣҲȫԷı顣
żþȰɿ챼ȥ硪
ۡ
ĽŲͣ£Ȼͻ۳ƺûоϲֻԼһʺǲʲôҪƺ
硭ɽҲƯ£û뵽᲻СĿֺͼ֮˽µܡ
ô
ҡͷɽҲһֱèè룬ܲѰǳȥһ
üɽȥ棿
èè̸ĿڣĿתڣšҲһȥ
ݸǰôⶺŪΪѾǡϷޡˣԼԽԽһЩӵ뷨
ʱ˿̵ССٱĳʱ̹Ūޡ
ȣ룬Խ룬ͷԼԽн뷨ʵʩͷ
Ŀ漴оһ䣬쬵ġ
лҪ˵Ȼ֮ǰѾæˣһҪ˵ҡÿһ۾ϰ࣬һؼɴϾ˯ˣԸ»
ҿţոqaq

096

Ӧȥŵ, ȴ֮òű֡ڼ䣬żȻλ֮࣬ĥӲݰѸɽߡ
һһڹȻϳɽòҲûʲôֵõ, ܹ˸ܵӵǰȥƴ¡
ɽԸԭȴΪǰ̫, ĵطһƬɽˮ֮, ϡ٣ʺ, Ҳʺèè
ԴЩҷˣúˡ, ǲѶԸ, 峯͢ķͬ޷Ƕذˡɽ渵
Ӧһ, ֳȰȶϸ׵ļͤͶµİ߲ӰָСƬÿһƬŹâ
ô˾, ɽգֲŪǳ۽, ָ², ˿˿ӡʱĴ˺һ
ʱ, ΢΢ۿȥһãȻίӣƺڵôҪ۸ң
ɽΪɩ̫ɰˣ̲ס۸
šһСľ˵ʵˡ
һգ£ǸɽĻ۸
ţɽӦԼһɩȵģ˫ֲ֪ľȥ˼ָеüˡ
ڼѾͬˣ֮鲻ҲΪΪˡ
ֵСĺɻţɫˮһϱմǳǳ㡣
ɽɫҲǼɫģСΪţԲ˵ʫ黭£ǼҲΪģȻɽ𶯡
ôɩ
ɽԭأΪʲôӣë΢΢ۼСɩԽԽԽԽȻ󡭡ɽоʲôʪĶգͣϢ뿪ˡ
ǡɩᱡˣɽе㱵롣
αװݳûͽӣЩ˵³Ҳãǣɩ
ѵˮ£ûü̾ĴУطɿֿˣ̧Ҫ˵ʲôȻԴ𾪵񣬻ں󷽵ƺҲƵģ
ɫ˰̾һûеģϾо治
ճʱ֪ԼСӰʣԼòҲϲˡǳһϻԵòãԼܻҪʱӮķġ
ɫҲˣżͻŮɫ
һ·Ҳһ·ʼղ֪ΰ˵ڣϾݡ
þúЦ˵ɻ֪̽ϴױ̨ǰע⵽ֳδ߷Ͷߡ΢٣˹ᷢ
巢֮ĸ˵Ĺ涨ֹҲ˻ԼԴ϶ĳüãںԶԶȥһУɼ缴ʣסСֻ֣»ҷڵء
ţᲽӹط֡
ʲôžһֱߵС
ǰ;˾ģĶҲǲ壬סˡ
Ӧϱٺشش⡣
ͷ綮öࡣ
࣬յľٶͲǺܶĵ˵ЩʲôֹģüɹʧЦֻסôһ𾪵ӰûãֻǺ͸ɽЦѡ
ţ
š޹ػӦŪ°ʪͷףÿȼ䣬΢΢βèһӵġ
ЦһȻ߳һСϸֱ棬ߵĲƣΪƳԶʧϸ壬ԶĶеӵ֮С
˾޵һʱԣʣʲô˼
ǲǹٻĸԡ
ԶĴɻˣİĹʱĸ˵ѩɽ֮۵ıڻѩѾԶ̡С
˼Щ˼оеֵֹġ
ΪİĹѾĸԶѩɽ֮ۡ
ˣû뵽ôһΪĸҥȻɥĲǣȻҲһֱǵã
̲סͶȥߣȴ˰Դ˿̱㣬Ĺĵصȥ
ʲôҲû˵ֻ΢΢һЦʪò࣬ȥ˴齡
ڼǰڣصʱУҲʶֻһᡢķȫȥеӰӡ
ͷ룬ûʲôֻҪΪһѶӣҲعôࡣ
ϾԸҲ
ת۾ͰѴ׵Ժת˼ȥһ¡
ϧļƻûɣͱ峿ͻĶĸˡ
ԵϲŴ׸⣬ҧһڣδϸϸƷӺӿһɲ˲ܵһŴ׸˳
ô˲ӦСǻ죬˲뵽ʲôһĨϲ⣬̫ҽ
һССİˣûҪɡ֣˿ˮǹĪĸоʧˣⷽȻ
˵⻰ע⵽ðһ߼˶ƶĶӣ
һ
лҪ˵翴ȫıʽ໳ѪڣΪҰиCALLлcueƶСqaq
˳ٸл쵼󷢴ȱʮǷĹ٣ֻҪһȥӰ࣬иգ

097

Ϊںͳͻ, ๷ѪɺϣҪһ£ضҪۡԼĪǿˣҲܾ̫ɣܴǳԻһࡣ
Ե̫ҽ˵Ѿ¶, ǵϲʱ, ˶µġ
̫ҽ, ˽ߺ󣬼С, ˵ýӲ
, Ǻܳ, ʱӭһ׼Ļ
Ĺҽ, ΪרҵؽͣڻСܲ, ¶б仯
Ӧʵʸ֪˵ʲô, һĶǣҵǶȥˣ޷С
ⳡͻȻ, Ȼ˳ȥ뷨ɽҲ˾Ƴ뿪ӣտλСɩ
ͬ, ǡӡɽΪܿһ棬Գס֮׼Цû˿ǼɽЦá
ɩ߾ͿˣġɽһͬͬŵģʵΪ
һżqaqı飬ǣôС΢ЩĶܾܿͻӰҾԼӦöǲӦöţҲ֪ϲʲôŴ׸ϲʱǲΪϲԣǲİȣ
ɽû뵽ȱɵÿɩ
Լ飬˭ΪֹԵи֪ʵǸСɵӡ
Ŀ⣬ģʳɣֻҪ̫ҽ΢ɿڼɣҪɩΪôСûʲôоġ
Թһÿһ¶̲סһ۸ɽ͹澣ѯǵɿɰֱèèҪ޹ɽǿѾΪĸĶҪڻˣδССҲ֪˭ֵãҪǺСɩһӣԺôмܵסһһСơ
ɩҪôţҲõģǳȥ΢ߣ࿴羰ܺõ㡣
ףʱʱƫ׿ɽǿΪ³屧ʱ޷Էɣ̣ɫãȷ˿࣬㵱ѵ𣿡
һ㡣ɽЦĶ͵ıλ᲻жأһֱܹԣûôڹ
ȴ⣬ҪһǿСˣһ޷֪λԸ񣬵ϲǡ
ʺУ»ʸյǻĳ͢޴ľϲҲв˳˿Ŷ衣ʮһЩĲǿóλ¶Իʺĳ飬ҲҪѡġ
ȻЩС˼ͱʱ˸У̥Ůܹ鶼ǿԤ
Ŵ˴λᣬذƸлˣҲܹûʣС¶ߣҪǺã
áлиɻ͵ر£
ӶûǰˣүʱиĿ֧ţȻ±عסԸ˵ãнڲ࣬ƨ˰ѲжΣնѰˡ
ŸԼұݼٵ飬Ǿҵҵشڿճʱ
գӦ˺٣ܿ˵ۺӵĹˣﵽ˹⡣
ҪԲ¥ӵģ˳¥˵顣ԴҪݼʱ˵мҲ¥˸˵ģǧٹڣ¥ݵĲҲúȣԳԲྐྵ˵飬ż˷һʮ⡣
ûб˵뵽¥ӵζˡ˵иɫζĹӶУԱȲ¥ζٱȻи˭ҲţŲ¥˯ˣòˡ
ӶϻٳԣͳԺգ塣ЩһɵͷӣȻٶȸϲϳԣڰʱһ˫Ͱ͵ۣеͶ
澼ҲһɡС飬⵽ܾǰĲ㡣
Сһˣ˰ĳԵĶǹӣء
ȴ˵ȢС㣬ֵ绨ıãÿն̺òʱղͽˣۿ㣬ҽã֮˸ʿ֪հߵСǰԼ¥ŮĻͶԶҲǸ꾫֣Сı꾫һΪ˵Ƥҡ
ߵ˵ʿǵþˣҲֻǷ˵˴ŵСʮˣи
˵һЦδش˵һξ飬ŵǵʿµ󷨣һ㱣Լ֪ǺʱʶʿҲǴʱðſŷʿԭʿıҲʮ˵Ĺ£ֻʣһƤңǺ꾫ֱӰǻˡ
ԴΪĻʮ˵ûú³󱻼ʱʶһ׷뻤סĳλ
ϧôɫ̰ģ֮ҲڶҲûˡɫͷһѵʹôģôҡ
˻һ˵ĳ˼顣
ԹӳԵģҲûϸѹʲôСġ
˲ٲˮʱͣȥ£ɲɣ·Ͼ˳Ӷ
Ӷ˳һӰ죬¼Լ˳˸˳ȥڷܲáóɫҲܲá
⵽⣬ӶʶԵ֣ǰ˸С¡
̹ۣͨʵü棬ֻʽѡ
һȴо¥֮˵񶼰˹
ǸµӰ죬Ҳһ
̲ס룬ɵȷǴδй˼ġ 
лҪ˵
쿴˱С˵ÿϧǿϽˣߴ￵

098

Сʱ, ӶԼҪʲô֮ҲһֱΪĿŬ
Ӷױȳ˴ϻ۳ã׹ְǨ, ߶Ϊ˶ֺ֮, ĿȾ˽⵽Ȩĺô
óӶ, ʱΪܶĸ״ݣʡ׵һ¡
ó, ʹһ㣬˻Ҫ, Ӷĸ׶ҪС˵, һڲͬοǳ谮ӡ
ʱӶ, ŮӲǳþ͹ˣŮӵĵڶ޵ò, Ǵ
˵ˣȻԸպԼ˱ϥŮӻģ˼Ҳס
븸뷨ıϵõ˸õ, ̸ֹ޲ҵҪһֱԼܳɹԵڵ֪λ֮, Ҳû̫ţþϲ̫ʺҪһʱ, λᣬĿ·;ƺ˲ࡣ
ν飬ӶţǲﵽĿĵֶΰˡҲҪһר˵ȥĳ£һӶˣˣӶŻЩ¡
¡ǰˣ΢΢԰׵ɫ˾ϲ
֮ǰЩԣӡ󣬴ʱҲԸǣĸ׳̹вǲƷ覣˳һ·¹ѱְͽ䡣
ŮԼ䡣ӶŵӻȥһΣĵɹʣ覣ѰҲ޷ȣΨǰ
üͷССĳȴӶ˸ʵ£δ̣ҲܶԳӶ֡
Ů֪¶Ը֮ЩʧҲͷ˸һ٣֪ʵȫŮ𣬸һǻŮ֮ģܳŮ´¡Ӷ֮ʶ⣬λǸˣŵŮİ֮񣬱ҸչˣȺ֮ȴҲֱԾܾġ
ؾ빫ҵңҰһ£ǵչ֮飬ұˡŽЩ֣Ҳʲô£ȥǶˣ֪ͼıľɥ֮£˸ס
˵ʱӶʱᣬˮ۽ǹ䣬滨֮˿̾
֪ͬıԺ֮λ
ӶɫһڣʵŮԸǻһԭ򡣡
ԵӶλӵ飬óŮ뵽Լ±ЦŮűµ¼ģ̣ΪµۺĸԸûܰڲһɳ죬Ϊĸֱ𡣱µԣǳܼʱ𣬳ŮԱ¡Ů£繵£֪룬ȴ̲סԣҲǳŮ֮ñ˶ԳŮӡҲ޺ˡ
һλŮ˵Լĳִվǰʱλ᲻ݣʹɱ˵Ϊ£ƺҲҪˡ
ɫȴڣ޶ɢҥһȡ
ӶǸ
ǲǸȻӶ޹أ֪ͺáӰӿе֪ԼҷһеɫСסˣſֵ򣬽Ȼûʧ仰ͷЦǰۡ
ԭڱŮǰɰ
΢ϧˣӶӦɹˡŮҵ棬֮ôһõȴġһȡ֣룬ԼʱѾˡ
Ӷȷˣһ˿ѣѾ˷ûʸԡ
ûע⵽ĵҡҡ׹һ£Ů֪
λȥ̨ϳϷ϶ǸΪɫϷӡĵ
ǸһĹ£Ƴһ۳Ӷŵʶÿ֮˹ȥôˣ
Զ˲裬ߡЦУ˳㿴ôȥôá
֪ģżЦĽģȴֺ乵ĸоɫطǸСЩĪҪš
ĵͶԳӶȻͬ
ΪľֹҲԼЩʲôתĴԣ˵ѳӶɹֻ֣ȥһۣͺ᷿
һۣóӶܵĪ衣
ʵϣӶûôλʺϵģЩ̫ͣŻƺҲڣԸǳƵϽݣܵõһģɫ˰ˡ
ɾûϵˣʵʵñϣǷ⣬üٵġ
ΪӶҲõ⡣뵽֮ӶԴԼ˳ģЩ
Ŵܺͻ߳Ҳ¥û뵽˹ˣ֮ӡ
ӳģĸ׸˺ܴĴۣ֮ʱȻûԼİĹ
ߵӶǰӶԸ𣿡
һ˫һۣе뷽ű¶ԻʺĹغϣóӶһ£ȻҲĸ£Ҳܸ㸻ٻǵһ㰮һӣԶֻһˣߺ𣿡
Ӷۣӣллĺ⡣
굹һΪ֮еĴġ
Ӷݸһ壬·;õ㣬ౣء
ûҪֱˡӶվԭؿ˻ıӰƽջ壬
лҪ˵Ҫϰ˰ 

099

̫, ʵҲĵطֻʵʵһ·żԳԽϵСģڻعʱɹسˣĳ˻
߿߸ı, ǳȴݵģ, ش˸, Һÿ𣿡
ûСǷܵ
Ϊʲôң
óô̬, 
̫ҽʱูһת, ˸ı, οζʮ㣬ߡ
Ҫ, ˡ˵ϾŻ᲻˵С, Щˡ
ͻȻ棬ûᶯ
ҡȻ, Ĺú㣬ٱ׵Ҫְ, ЩܳԲܳԣЩһ, ߵиٿȫ顣
ҽϲʳᣬǸС𣿡
Ҳϲ
ŵͷԭЩ˵ѽһת˻ڶҲؿ飬磬㵽ڿʲôѽ
ע⣬һС˰˹ɹѷŻȻĳһ
ˤô죿Դеضѵޣ΢ɫҲûüԴҴһʱûע⡣
㻹Ǻܺõģ˻ϣ᲻ӣȻС.ȤƵĴֲ㡣
ѵͷţֻǷЩҽ飬ʲôҪע⡣
มۣ۰Ͱ͵ģǣǻǱ˸Ҫȣ̫ҽ˵ҵҲҪģ
ίζݸĶ֪װأмأûʺһ㣿
ָָӣ˵Ҫʵױٸ߸ߡ
ķʽôɰЦȥףֱٸ߸ʱǲܵģΣ
΢һ㣬Ҳɡ
ܶٴĴ꣬ʱҲᣬ͵͡ţһ
һͣǶŭǶ.ļһ飬΢΢µӣգۣ޹ܺõرˡʲôŶ仰
˶˻̾һ°˱ġ
ôҲĹʮ꣬|̲סϲΪĲƤһʱɫ.ϲһ˼ɺɵĸоⲢһһϦģϸˮ顣
Ҫٶȸлǰһλʵۡλˣ統ΪŻ£ͼ˳ϦദĻᣬƾʱһ棬˾ڵĸ顣
ССһǺٶȥ԰й䣬ˣ˵þûС˰ǲŻˣСҲǡ
治ɫְοʵ⻳èӵע
ӳˣеô
ܹʹ˸ɫǸˣҪ£ʱ
Ѱ˸ᣬѼͤУߵһԡ
£ǺͰƽйءܹܵ
ݼԣСӡ󲻴ѧϺ֣ҲܳЩ࣬ĳַ˵ȻЩҲΪ̹ϵĳ֮ġ
ӳ˺£
ӽնδȥѧԺѧһ¥Ůסˡ浽˺ƽ³˶в²ڣ˱߻ʺУū롭
ˣúܺá
ֳĸԼ˶ڣٲҪһ
Ůô
ūʱ֪ƺͬܵġ
ҴĶ٣ݼ¹ʺܳ裬³΢д֮ݼҸŷҡֱϣٲ˼ʡĲʹְֶȴǺпܡ
꣬ݼ٣ܲʵ
ȥ飬Ѱӽޡ
ܹȥˣüͷûɿ˼ҪҪ߼Լ˵ĸƺá
˼УǾʱ£ȿ˵
Ϊʺ󣬻λʥ켫ĻʺģȻ˻á
պ󴫼λ֪ģʱЦݲ䣬żλۡ
ĺͣϲ˶ѣ㲻ô
ǿɲ˵ֵطŮӣʲôģɫѧҵ˻ôͣӦöӹ̣ܽŮҲǸúúýѵһ١

Щۺͽ飬ˣǲ֪ˣ
ܹܵҲǣҲǣӲͷƤͣҪټӣ˵һ˵¡
û¡һƢûУҲΪҺ֪ġ
ܹܸ˿ʺʣǼ¥ʲô

㲻˵Ҳ£˻ҡ
ܹܵĺ˼·ҪȥѵӰ䲻֪˭Ƕֱ֪˵ȥء
ǾĴ¥
¥ףǸ֡
ܹϲȷȥ˵⣬Ҳûһȥ
ֻǼС£ûҪʦڣȰ䣬ͼһֱƽСʺ¶һģ翴ô꣬ȻױĹסҲˣѵ˻ҸÿһҪȥ
ص
лҪ˵иͬУңĸ¾ͿԸ̥ܵ
ĺ棬ʼµʱоӻһĸͻȻ͹0-0

100

¥Ǿ¥, ű£ľǲīȥ
¥īǲ˫ò˱Եߵ, ˵ҪΪҲ, ϧ˼ҿϡ
īպͰƽ, ¥˶֪£ĺֶΡ
ƽӿǵʺֳ, Ϊò, ˭ۣ
ī˵ĽһɵЦ, вΪȻױ, ĵò˫ӽΪȹ֮, Եһδڵˣ練ơ
Ը, ˼ˣûһӳġ
Ϊ÷޾, ҲΪΪĸףīӲں
ԵҪץסƽӵʱ, ҲؾӦ
īˡСѾɫ΢죬ī֪źԼС⡣
΢΢һЦȥ£ȥźһ
СѾˣмȥˡ
īʱĵ˼ǷҪЩʵģ˵ҲȤⰲƽӱϾ٣ÿֻٶ飬ļ䣬ôûС
īԾϲģÿˣҲˣЩϣԷԵЩ
ƲΪ˱ŷ·ϣ¥Դ˼λˣͣʼ䣬ȴǰδеСɫסһͣ˾Ͳˡ
īݰѴ£ţϣСѾúԶ衣
ЦһЦīӽûȥѧ
ݼƮƣ飬ս̵ĹζˣȥȥҲν
īҲֻһʰˣЩ˴򿪻⣬˿ʼÿεĺѣѭ򽥽ʫʸ踳̸дСļţ̸ɽˮţĶת
СѾ߾ĽؿԼҹۺ¶Ĳ飬ⲻ֪īٿ˵ġ
īԽ̸Խû˼·²¶˼ϣǰݼȴ˿о
룬ⰲƽ˵ϵ¹󣬵ҹƺЩ̫ˣǰ鶼
īԼ»ѣǰЩȫ˵϶ׯˣȻƺûа˼
ȻϲЩ£ֻǡǰʧȥĳĸо
ŷãҲ˻̲סЦΪϣԭֻزѰ
˼˶ʾǷˣݼԻֻᵯʫѧ˭ͷЩҲǷˡ
ΪǸ괺ĳĹ£һǼŮ̫٣λīֲŵıԻΪŮˡ
ãֻĻǲҪֹúãзЧ
ΪԷһδ˴ϢÿݼԵ¥Ҳһ䡣
ݼԾ벻ÿκ͵ŮһԼʱþڸµԹۡ
ôˣ绹зִ磬ֻһּ򵥵ͺ͵ϲˣʲôżѧѧû˲Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ǰǣλīҲܰؼ
ãλīǱˣ󲿷ʱƮϣĳֶȥ֤ԼĶؾͲġ
īǶɵȥʱĵ˵׼ɵȥһ£Ц򴽡
ʮԤԵǰַϣȻƬ̼ͷ߷ӣҲû̫ˣúÿͿΪΪ𣿡
˵˶ˢˢԼһգ˵㣬ΪΪҲ̫԰գ
ԶͣԵ㣬Ҳûеȡѽ
ʣԼǱȽ϶µģ˵Բԣ
ͷ
۱˵Ҳܹ治ɫءΧ롣
ݼѾŷհ³΢һӣ˸Ҳī˼ˮɫʮӨϾ
īȴָһԶ׹Ҿÿ
ݼԽջأʵϵ׹Ҳʺīﰡ
⵹ϡˣȻܾҪīЦǹϲһʲͲῼʲʺԼϲҪ
ݼͷϲ´ȥһԡ
Բôīĵί
ݼԵֿסз飬õ֪ﱻ˽غķӦ鲻Խ˸£̫ãҵġ
īΪŮܵĳƺãǰӾȻűĹ
ֻҪ
īǺҪģѵһΣݼԱҲӦˣɸݼԡ˰ٸҲңīﻹǻһɡ
˵գͬʱһЦīԣݼƨɰɿѸſڿȥ
Ӳ¥żīﵯٶʲôԣɱײ굽صȥЩ뷨ڿ˲Ķʱͨͨ£Ӱȥ㡢ôˡ
ȻǼҷεЦӯӯ˸ʲôŭ֮
һòī΢΢ʧɫס²Էݡ
û˵Ȣޣѵǳ檣ɿȺദļҲҪǣīܹע⵽λʼնûԼһۣǲмһˡ
һʱ䣬īоЩգ׼β
Ρͬ˵ݼԺۣ˿ȴͰͣҡֻԳԲ衭
ԳԲ衢ȺȾƣٿˡ
ݼôı䣬ܳǰ˵ıʣҴ
͵͵ûƼ΢΢˿
Ҳû˵ѽСһԼֳԹԵԴ˾Ϣһ£ûôĵط㵱ȻҲԣǲˣͼ˶ѡ
īȥˣλǡ
ǡݼ˼ݣת˿ڣһѡ
һѣīĿת²⣬Ϊ𰸣һʤ
ЩŮҷ֮䲻źۼĹĶǣīС˼һ
ûī˼ֻǾø絽׻Ҫһ£Ȼô˷ų¥ġ
ŷݼԽյ͹ΣݼԶһһˣ顭˿˵ʵ˵Ƕǰ˵ݺͳ谮
īſţΪݼȻ¶ʱգѵûռӵģ
ӡһī΢΢߷ίֲˣӼҪλ̸ģȥĵطֺαīǰ
ݼס˺һŵӦҳӰģ
īҲһ㶣ûϵشӰŷѵΪ˺īȴˡ
ѣҲûйܵ˿ģӵﶼˣһҲҪôࡣ
ݼôϲҲó⻰ֱ׵رԹˣе㲻ţϾ֪УԼһվûмҶʲôˣ˵
īͷҶбȥһۡ
䲻յһۣҲûȥ̵ֻһתƳݼԡ
ݼԱò
лҪ˵һ뼷öΣǣ㰡
ϣϰ˯ȣ쵼д϶Ҫдͷͺo(ini)o
ʺĵСʹûּȿַͺĺϴˮȼQAQ

101


ݼζ벻, ī޶˶ôͺˣѵʲôˣ
ûǰ⸱Ҫѡ񣬴ȻǺʵġ
ֱڳ˴¥ûŪ׷īԼʲô˼ʧԹί
ͯ, , ڸõĵ, ѵǻظ˻ڵ𣿡
ݼ໵һ̰Щ²׵Ժ, ȡ֮Ǵַʽ
ǰñӳ飿ֱľǵڷ 
Խ룬ݼɫԽ, ȾһȦ, ʱͼһµҲû̫ע⡣
³ϵȷںˣĲ, ҪΪӭͼӾұˡ
⣬ʱҲС, ɱ˭СϾҪһɺ׵С档
أ
³, ˾˰ȥˣҹͻ, СЩ
˵ţ³üһôͿۣ֬
ûȾġ˾, ³ϵ£С٣˾Ͳױ
ÿ
ʱͣҺͼʹ̫ҽ̫ҽɡ
³Ҳǽץŵˣĵĸ໹Ů壬Ϊһ֮ŮάĵȻǸ˵ģֻȻƽţպЩ»ҪעЩҲǣҪˡ
ͼһʵܽ
ò˵һԹվǰʱ³еĳɾ͸ױȡ
þգ˷ദʱͷһɨǲĶӣ˲ȥǵЦ⵴Ȼ޴档
뵽Ļ³ģģܴ
̫ˣ۵ĻԼ
˼裬³ϳһݼëȻЦݣˡ

ˣҲ͡³ϵʱ߰żźˡ
ź뷨ݼһͼһ֣߳һŵ˶ݣӦоУߴӵؿ
ݼһʱˣҸ̫ͻȻ˴
³һ֣˶ͻȻһ֣ӱͳˡޡ׶
һͯŶ飬ȷζǲǣ³ЦᣬӽǼ飬㣬Ҳ׮¡
ȷǺݼĬĬز˵
³Щʶܺãֹ壬ЩĻ߳ȥǴȶ˶
ġ³ϴˣСӴĹ̫٣һЩݻͬޣҲ޹ּһпɵ˱̲ס˼
²裬³ϾͲţöһʮʱ˶ױա
οѡЩˣ汸ҪóᵶǸó
ʱҲҪ˳ߵˡ
ݼԴŲ֪ЩˣղȫǣҪ˵ˡ㿴ǰһ̻ڸˮĹ治ɫʯͷҲȫ˲
ҲЩÿЦԷǵദݼԶīǹɳʱȻĶĸоȥˣתÿաʵ档
īȲȥҵȲȥ̽һ֪˲ǱסˣǱ˶ˣȥԺѧкüλء
ܾúͻȻֵŮѲϵ͸¶ǰհƽӵ˺˾ƺҲ鲻ֻ˸һ仰ܵ£Ҳ͡
ī£Ҳֻø
΢Щ֮󣬾ûٷϣĵǣεһס
ʵΣ΢Щⶼ㲻Բ󣬸˵֡ţ˵᲻ϣҶ׷ֹοÿ׶ÿ׶ε
ͷСԵܣǻ
ѧѧ˻һǸһŻ񣬽̤ƣڷƮƮɹиɽ̲סЦ
ǻʲô
Ůѽԥش𣬡Ů·
˵öԣ˿ڣ׵û˰СҲûв˼Ⱦ˰֬Ժ常ˣչ˼㣬
ɽеˡ
һѾվ˻ϱ鵭Ҳô
Ҳ£ȺһϾ۰ֶӣʱԻǻΪֳŸӣ˿ɱĸ顣
ְ̧ԴϣģСԷµغ͸ɽһˡ
֪ģͻȻе⣬ֻȶҲԻ
סԴ棬ʧЦôˣ
ͻϲ˭ʣȻشֵУϲֻҡ
°ϣͷš
һôҲ̫˰ɡ⡣
룬ұ֤򡭡
ǵ˿ڣб֤Ϳԡ
㡣룬־ļݵÿɰһʱģ


102

ʱȱ, õů˵ǼΪݣҲȻ
żҹ˾ʱԻΪǰĲҾʣв֪δ, ʱߺ˯, лж˵ĺ, мϲȻԼ
·ºͣˡ
Ȼɫ, У, Ǽȡˮƽȴ˰ĵĸ顣
, ̧硣
, ô
ѽȻףס
Ц, СǣȻȻ´һ
˵һ, ڴĶ࣬Ҳȷʵ˸еǵΪ, ӾܲҪףÿα޿κεģʵԸúܡ
, о͸ֳС֮ģ˵бףŮǶ˵ֵŮע
̵󣬼뵽ȥȡʣĻһ㣬ʹգѴ¿С˶˵ŵ㡣
ȤҲţȥ鷿ۡ
λǰϳҳڻ̽ĳ֮޴Сϸô˿ί񣬼ζſţ̲סЦһһԵܹ֮¶Цݣ£ʲôȤˣ
ǰ˭Ǽҳ㷹
ְһɵ̬ȣơ
ūžͶˡܹʰһĿʮУƬҲЦЦǳҪˡ
ЦθڵС
õͷǧٹֱ֣ӿˣ˵ʲô²֧Ԯ㣬ӶûˡôǸ׹ݣϵԶ˵㣬ҲûҪӵġ
ܹĥһ룬뵽һ磬Կǻûӡ
ŶȤؿȥ
ԿҲǸҹϵܹҲʹ˵ˣﻳ̥࣬⿤ƽƽҲúܡ
˵˾Т˲ٶʺҲԿһӵĹԾ֮ˣ֪ޣ±ҲֻŻʺ֪ɱıƨöˡ
һίѺ󣬶ʱҲʧЦȷʵˡ
Ͷȡɵǲȡõȷġ
ıȡãּ
ܹ˼ǰī̲ס룬ڱֺûʺκΰ취ð
ֹܹ취ڻʺ¶λµƢһһãд󵨵ڳϿЩЦҲ£ЩǰѪֶζĴɵ˵Ƿɲ٣Щ˱ﻹƵ˵һ䣬˵ô¾壬ٿֻλûƢء
Щ˵֣ٶҵӰӡȡɽֶݾϣʱҪıǻˡ
̫ҽԤƼ֮ջʱߵĶԼһԣ˵ôǱֳŸӣǵӡµһֱߣպСӣͻᱻˡ
һҲͰˣؼڻ桢顢ʱ洦С̲ȴֱӰѽһӣһǹȥ
ҥ֮˼״һۡ
ͼܣѣôҲ˵áˣȥˣǴŶԼԹǰ⼸ߵϸ˵ˣСġ
գ˼δ׷飬ʣЩ᲻𣿡
ͷ˼أЩŵģ¼ͶĲˡ
ԼĿͣḧ˸СԴȻأ
Ȼ룬ܵܵʱҲ㻭Ůóһʱնźֻۿޣ˭ϲԶ׼ôգۣýŵǵܵܣҲҰ
˵£Ħ°ͣ˵е
˫ʱ򣬵ܻܵչأȣǿˣ˵ǿǫѷܵôôСܺƽϣ
˭û뵽С˵һǸˣ˼ڣǿֻȻǸӺˣ
ˣ˼ذԴĻߵЩҽҲš
̲ȥΪβЩˡ
ҹȻʱɨЩˣȥšʱճԺЩ²ÿҺ嶼ܼʱ룬ԼӦԣĿû뵽ҪӴ̹
ЦԺ
ֱ׵ؿˣʹϰһ磬̲סͷð̣˫չ̣̲סʵ֪Щ˼ģͶģҴöλӦõģǵģǶģΪҺ͵ĺãͰЩȻ
죬ȷ¶һЩѴλ˼Դ˲Բ޳ɣҲ׼պٿˣԼȴôࡣ
ȻҲգЩ£˵ȽϺáջ˵ЩѾܾϲˣ˵ҲպܵóˣҪչ˵ģһտҲĶ
͵ĺϣܵõ϶ּվƽȽǶȵĶԻоѾ˴죬һʱĳȣ˵㵸ڴǹСʱ˶ص˸ͷӺĳŵ
һչ˺ģ
лҪ˵湻½һ𷢳ģ̲סˣ
ǳԲԲԲλСɰСʹСŮǣ
֪ͨһֱûΪ9·֮ȷʵǳæ״ִ̬Сɣжʱʮ޼٣״̬ꡭСɰǣ˵Ǵʮż٣Ŀʼϰ_(:١)_2019ȫƶ2020ӭֻͷT0TϰԸǣԸƶ

103

˸, δˣҲƽİˡ
³Щȥȥ˲գ۶, еܲκʹϲ֡㺮˪, Ѫ, Ȼˮһž
ֱǸСǸЦŽҪ޸˵С, ĪϤȻ֮, ȻķŭͲᡣ
ԣ¶˴۵Ц
еʲôû, ֻ䵭ءľؿˡӡ

ҹԣٿȻѡüѲһȦ, ŷСδʵ
ûϤ·ݴˣϲһ˯, ַһẈ̂ʱտ
ֻû뵽ҹδ˯õĲǼ, 
ΪеЩ˴, ȴûٻ齣ڴ
˯ʱ˯ܺã浾, зЩȻŮ㣬Ư
ſţ̲ס΢΢ЦˣŵȥĻʺֲ֪˵ЩʲôλСŮһɰĶɸһ׷󡭡
žһ죬ҹĹһ飬뿴ʲô״ͼǱޱ˳
˵ޱ飬Ҳʣֱʵڵġ
ѵʺҹƢֺͱ³һܣ˲²ţԸúţŵȻʺ󡣡
Űҹر£ȰĻڣͼ粽˳ȥ˭û
ߵ˴΢΢һ£Ϊģǡ۵ġ
ڳǰ֪£һμʱҲӡȻûôϾͭƤǣһ£ȷЩⲻס
Ϊ˲ǵʹ¾ѼӲ̵ʱȴ룬Ҳоԣ
Ȼ˳ȥȻٻأɴȥ鷿ۡ
ΪڼܶЩʱնڰһЩǰ
ǻ󣬷²٣һЩڳ⵽Ҳǳе£ԺãҲãܺЩ¿
˼˯գʵģ࣬Ϣļ϶ΪСС˲ֻ֣ͼһ̽֡

̫ҽԤϼӵ£ѩ׷ɣǣǽһҹعѩӭСӵ
и˫ȣҲηվ¹ѩض˻ľܣǰҲʣЩ⣬ɶѩأֱµ
ǳѩģ֮Ҳ棬һ£ãȥƬЩ¹⡢ȹԡ
С˽ζһʳĵϱˡ
ԸůȹΪкΪڵĺ͸ɽüͷ̲סһһ۶Խﶼˡ
ɽ˵䣬뵽ԻɩΪǿаȥųԲ˵ġ
쵽ˣעЩɽ˱Ȳ裬̰ڴʳģ̲סЦԼһԱߡ
֪òܳǿֻι˿⣬æˣ
һա
šˣҪСסչԼæڹ񣬾˾˾̣ͻæŶ飬ʱԼֻиɽĸ
ҲСҪʱţСֳ˹µϴǰҲǸü
һЦ
˻ȹõò࣬Ҫʱһ˵Ҳһ£ۼֿ˸סˡ
Ӳûгµغͼ˹أū澷̲ˡ
ЦһЦ˵£֮ĶüһַǣԥСˣȥ̫ҽ
̥
ƺǡҪĸо

˻һ޹һæµ
ҽŮͽ־סü죬ѸҲȷʵҪˣﻻȥ
ʱ߰ʹôԵĸоû
£ǵʹ⼸ԺԣʵųԶˣŵ
ҽŮһԣ״̬пɣ˷ڷ߻ͬʱüֿĵȰڡ
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ԣ¶ε̬ȣܾˡ
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ЩҲ㲻ò԰ףΪʱƵԸֱôû
ѵҪһޣȻų𣿿ļˡ
ЦˣҲÿһ޵ģЩһĴһ򡣡
˵ճСӤƨ£ϢȻۡô˳߶̵֪˶
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ķٸˣݵĴͣ³Ϻ͸ɽǷӦģѾʼСŪˡ
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ҺӦ󣬵һԼСӣ˶Ƭ̣³Ļǣܺá
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ΣͷԥţҡҲá
ϣ˵Ѫܱŷʲôģƽʱûʲô籸һӵİο棬Ϊѡ
Ҳ˳Ͼ״Щ޴룬˭ûϵ»ôɡ
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統ܵŷֱӸԼŮȫǩ³ҲԼ䲻ЩٻүҪιǼҳԣǻܾܾɣҲֻ
ݼһӵĺ̬ߵĶƼٵЦϣЩҴһǵӦûţʱվˣҲԸ˵ΪǴһѧһ䣺߼
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ĸ͹ĸɽϤϺĲģ졣û˵ʱ, ıܲغ
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ӹˣǶҪǴĻʹˣϾʵڸܲ˵еʲôƹܡѪ顣
װ۵ʮԾǰУС˰㸺ߣͻȻͷһڵؽʣôܲǣĸأĸС̰棬ˤžͲˡ


Сƨǡ˵Щ̿Ļ
룬ͺ͵ʱһ
ΪˣԼⲻεĽСҲ̲סС˵ػ᲻á
Թǣ֣ͷԾǸˣŲҪǣһ˫Сߵֿȡ
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