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ǽεεةǧҲճĵ׵ִ

֮ʣٱķңһʥּԼĽڽУɳƵ𣬽б塣

ҧҧ촽塣

ƹɵС﷭ǽˡ

ճҵʱǱؿֽ־ǿճҺ㡣 

۵§סҸô죿

ߡ

ǲУ𡣡ĿҪɡ

һɽΪƸΪһһΣעӲѡ

ĻһĹޡ

Ķָϡ

Ůֽˣŵòȫֻ۸谮

࣬ǿӲ

ȫĸ߳裡



Ԥ֧̫֡Ϊǰū

1.

Ǳ߹ؽ֮ŮһʱһֻһΣū

Ȼūǿ׳ܸɣɱСº㣬˴ˡd(**)/

ūܶˡ

ֻ򡣩d(XnX )/

2.

̫ӺسԨѪᣬӱ߹ػˣҰηǡ

ָĺسԨΪūӡ

̫ӵ·̣ܴ裬ɱˡˣƽϡеֹһ㣬Ҫ

3.

ǹŮ̫ģ˭ҲܵһˣԵ顣

˭һתۣȴ̫ӷΣһ¹㽿衣˾

̫ӣÿ춼뱻Сһ¡(   ) 



Ԥ֧֡޸ǰ

1.

лĬ׶ףֻ޸ţĬҲһӵˡ

ǰ˵Ե

ⱲȴˡΣࣺ̣֡

л̲ŲΪߵҵģֱҡ

2.

ɮΪɷǣԸл̡

Ķϱ˶ѡ

ֱǰڴסսˮ

زҾΪһӡ

룬ΪΪѪս

˺Ϊ㣬ָΪ㡣


ע΢Źںţµ
ݰȨУ
粻ԴַȨ鷳֪ͨҼʱɾлл



 1 

ҰɫģԶԶȥڳ¥ıԵδ䡣
۶ϵĳбڵϣѪˮŷѵԶķ紵һζ
ãȻվͷǰƽǡ
Ŵļ£ȹڵأŽ˿Ĵգ촽Ĩõɫ֬ģļȴ԰ѩ
ʮױԶ޶ؽ֮Լ˱ӦڴӭǣȻ˵ȴֻһƬ̵ĺۼɪ
սѽϨ𣬱ʿڵϣ'Ȼ̤
еǸڽ歵ߣƽսһ¶˾ɫƽб䣬ɾǿߣ
ĵǰ磬
ٿȻԶಡطһؿڣһҽУ浹¡
һԶս۶ֻͼ޵ĶΧһԲὣɱ
Ǿŭغţס˽正εӭС
ǣЩ纷ĵ֣Ƭ̹Ǿͷ׷׵˽歵ĽűߣѪļϣ·ˮʪĺۼ
һԱ佫ʣŽ歵ͷȥ
ãȻ̧ӳ۾
һƬ˪ѩ֮ɫ
һһǹסǵУڽ歵۽֮ǰһ¡歺Ȼ۾һʹ
ǹһǧ֮ǽ佫˴صǿס
ѹѹĴ߱ս˻̷
死ûعǹбظ֮䣬һǾ޴˶
歱˰գһо¶ǰߵתѪɫб۶ϵ졢нһʬ壬ʡ
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ٽճĿ⿴ţзӲͷƤκӳ֮ޣն֮
ةཪŮҲƸµӷˣӾԶ޶죬ӦĻڡ
δΪ֮Ů˼棬㳯͢ѣҲûؾʥþٽΪš
ճдĮưˣ˸ûзء
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˵ʶؽ촽ţ֬ڲסǷϵĻɫ
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¶һ飬һ΢Цκӳ׼Ҫ𣿡
歴͵ѭճĿ⿴ȥѪģͷ­ճߣ͸ѪֱۣһϤ
һУ˹ȥ

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һ˲䣬ΪոһΣǰƽǵ·ϣĳȺ
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歵ĴʱȻҧҧ촽ֱӴӳ
ڳ˼ͣסһʹϻǼļ£մȾŸɺԵѪۺͳѾۻ಻
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ͬʱһ㻽СĮģʲô
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۾ݺݵصŵˡ֣Һ㣬߿ҲҪܣ
ճļθߴͦΣӰԽ˶
歺µ
ճֻ֣ϳ
歵Ŀ⼸𣺡Уޱȣ󵨶ͽȻıһؾԺҪеǰ㣬϶Ϊԩġ
ĪˣѾ˵ǷʥǰַҪŲòճȻ
ѣҲţ歷լʺѵõʴ֮ʥģôּܻ⣿
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歹Ȼ泯ԱѩȻö׻еζ
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ճص㻹֪ϲΣŷʥԱߵ£Լɣɴı֮⣬֮ѾҪؾ˳ȥպ޹ϸˣ𣿡
ͬκǸܹɱе佫ӲбΪ¡ʢϲңĸǸݵµĹˣ˭Ҳ벻ȻԽ
ճһԴ죬һţܣ޴ӷֱ棬ʱǱãȻӾͽӣӣߵһ㣬ͣ
ճ𣬱ˣСӣϳǵг̣˭һɾá                        
лҪ˵Ԥ֧֣
̫Ϊǰū
Ǳ߹ؽ֮ŮһʱһֻһΣū
Ȼūǿ׳ܸɣɱСº㣬˴ˡd(**)/
ūܶˡ
ֻ򡣩d(XnX )/

޸ǰ
лĬ׶ףֻ޸ţĬҲһӵˡ
ǰ˵Ե
ⱲȴˡΣࣺ̣֡
л̲ŲΪߵҵģֱҡ

ƼѵĹԡɰ롷߳ʮ֧֣꣬

 2 

ֻ
ֵͳ鲻Խش˸£һ㡣
ճĵȴֱһѾס˽歵죬ͬץһֻСһ㣬׵ؽȥ
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歱ץסӣϵ׹⻬ּӲֻһ£ƺѾõȫ
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塣ţһ۾ˮ͸ˣ·ܼѵ³Щ־䣬źδã
׼ذʬڻҰЧȡ
歵øˣСͼľڰĹ£Ǳ޷ѾʮûлعˣΪӭȢҹţҲʲô£Ҳ޹ϵ壬̧֣ΪҪҪô̡
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ıפڳʮأŽ歵˳⡣
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̫࿪ڵ⳵ϵĿǽŮ
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෸˺£ҪҾ졣
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ճüͷ΢΢һ塣
歾״شҡŵڵϣ۾ŽеҲţƭң
һ·㲲ŴجģԺһƬհף˰춼ûܴӵֻܷڳʹޣҲţҪҪȥҵ
ܿܺˡ̫಻ص̧֣ȥ
Ųǰ
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Щ˵кθϵءճš
̫￴ճɫŵǻ϶µģҾ֮ģȥ䣬ǿΪѣأ
ճĿɨΧĽʿûκα飬Щʿ鲻Խصͷ
ճʣŽʹţ˻ƣȴĬˣ֪˵ʲô
̫ǸԹɫĺ֣𽵹عȥ԰ѽ歴ӵϷϸº͵صˣίһ°ɣҲ̲ء
֣ߵС̫˹
Žȥ̲Сĵ㣬ɵˡ
死ججģ˵ĸڱ˴ĵظС̫ˡ
ֱıӰʧճžٲŸ̫ˡ
·ϣճ״صڵģԵκȻд˱ʣ
̫͵ճˣʮڵػصյǣԭǲ֪ģȵȻݱһ޾ǰѾǻΪǬʵ۱¡
Цȵ۽Щֺȵ۲ͬǸǸϾݵЩСء
ճĬȻţûʲô顣
̫ڨڨЦȥˡ
˹Уճж彣̫ȥ鷿
Ǭκš
Ũüۣݸ㣬üĿһɲŭϢӺݶŵȵȷǴͬ
ճ񣬾Թȥ𣺡񡣡
̫Ա߿ˣ棬ǴǱۡľˣ֪κ棬¶Լ޶ҲһϿģȴ˺Ͱǲ⡣
ʮĴȨū򱱾ѫ֮գ죬Ҳ޹ֺκмˡ
κӽճļЦݼʱʮ꣬δѣȴǶһĺöˣܺã㸸׻ǿЩ
κЦ̣ȥһĵڼҵĳˡ
ճȻ
ǰκӻ֪ιʵݣʱս⣬ճĸֽ֮κӸ˳ȥݳ֣սúǼңճκӴſˡ
κߵʱۣŭ֮ɫ
ʱǵǳӣĬذЩˡ
κº͵صǰõʱճѽ泼κãԭǡһĵطԱκ֣ǶʮְݣйҪ㡣
ԭΪݽڶʹսպյ÷ּεذʮһǽȹϣһ棬Ҳصв
ѱģʱӻʵ۵ּ⡣
ȴ¡ʢʱҲͼַʮݣȺΣʧܸգòʮʥּԵʱ޼ס˱ľơ
κͼıλ֮ʱ˲Σ¡ʢۣٴʥɱû뵽ԶݵճȻԶӧʲҹƽǣ׼
κ־ϲⷬǴ˼Ҫճ
ճһ½ȴˣʹֻͣϸһ䡣


 3 

κӲɫʩʩȻк󣬵˵޷
⽪޶
ةཪ¡ʢۼݱǰҹگ빬¡ʢȥʱԡ
κӵǻȻڽǵָκӵıӣʹΪλκְνѪߡ
ʶ˵鷿е̫๬˶ľսصͷ
κӲɫЦҶ֪£Ωֱ֮㻹ȴˣΪΣ
ճ̹ȻصҵϷ˳ϣȸ岮ý㣬֮ڣǳı֡ųᡢ±壬ĸ𱸳иͣǰ򷢳ȥŽϰ鷨֮ԣʶ볼аʦ֮ꡣ֣ȻﵱȻվ̣ϿˡĸŮҲ㳼ȫ˾顣
Ϊة࣬ǽ鷨ңÿ飬īɽ飬۷
κЦ㵹Ǹ֮ˡ˵ʧƫˣжɴߣȻӦӲЩּ佫ֶΣȥѧʲô֮Ǳĩˡ
ճκԴм漰ĸףֻܴײ
κӺͰصʲôԵǾˣ˵ɡ
ǡ
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歲ĸ׵ĻУֽű
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ĸ׵Ǿ˵ģм䣬ЩȻϡ
СüˣȰϵǸˡ
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歱ĸױڻУؿĸ׵ɴ۾ȻѪͻۿͷ˳ϳϳĸ׵ݶŤˣһ㣬ȻɱŽ正ôôǽӲˣҲάӵơ
ſ죬ͬϰһѵس鴤ţԼڼУȴԼ
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յĶͷʵ𣬺𣿡
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歺Ȼúί᣺
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ǸʼնڣĴߣܵʱҹͷе㱿׾ȴôС
ֻ˵ģ˵ܺϵζҲܺţǣ֪Ϊʲô歾ܺ£ʶزȥ

лҪ˵Ĺĵģո֤룬Ŀģ߾ղء

 4 

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ҲиһŮŽ歵ģȷʵŮذˡ
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ϲԹɫ̽ŵҿأԽҲ御ˣ⽪ҵĹһ仰˵壬Ͷ׳ȥδлھ˾˼ңһأǰѰһ˼ҷ޳ȥһױˣ䣬ҷھȪ֮£Ҳܷˡ
ϵķƽ׿ճĸǵãȻԶݶʮֳ꣬ɸƣճԾ˸ĸҲأھûиۡ¾סԼҡ
ǸӣȻЩЦġ
˵ЩԺԸоѹ˸ͻµصȻأȻݳﱸĻ£չ˽ȵ꿪ˣõҲˣʱƽϡ
ճ˶ҩӣһЦҲδÿɷ
ϾճЦݴһɭζɫ˺ЩҲСҲУôźأ
磬Լүƽ׿ʱϾͰЩκ˵һ飬ɵصҿģòǶԽе˼ɣ
ƽ׿ǵкη⣬С˵ʮˣףﶼ켱ˣãǰȢ˹ɸСǣĸˡ
⻰˵ɣŮС˵ȥ˴ż˵侮ʯ
ƽ׿Ц˵Ǹ˼۽СʲôĪշޣһѣǹʾɾһΪͷˣ϶׸֮˭ճ֪ˣҪһҵŮøʸϹˡ
ʵƣǲ̣һ߯Ҳ㳶һ仰˵ָûأˣⲻ¹кӹǿεεһǧС㣬ǽˣ統ʱʹŮһˣҲɾ
ƽ׿ˣǼʲôã˵úͻһ㣬㿴˲òλ˭ǿɲ֪ҵŮҲģνԹ˰ӢۣճȻҲӦġ
ϰɷһۣǡǣ˿ɼҿǹĵСúܣǲӢ۵ġ
ֻ˵ϵɱƽ׿̫ˡ

ճһ̴ľ񻨵Сϻӵݵ歵ǰ
歽˹һСϻ汻ֳ˾ŹÿﶼһǹӣԲεġ÷εġҶεģָͬþɿɰ
Ҫõǡճ򵥵˵һ䡣
ȴСϻӣŵһߵİȥСصлүҲЩġ
ճĬһ£ԭұġ
ǹسﳼ֮Ůʸ
ճ飬ۺʱǴֲɫ侲Ҿ̬Դ˵𣿡
歳Ĭ÷ſڣ΢΢ЩʲôҵﶼˣҲɱˣֻҹһʲô˼統ʱһȥȪ·Ҳ顣
ճϳѪ֮ڸĸزΪŮТĸǰƴ㣬֮ԣָġ
Ҫ歲Ըճǰʾƴҧ촽Ҫȥ촽ҧˣһζ
Σճƺ̾һˣ𣬱ѹ
Ҫܣ߿Ҳ˵֮⡣
ԭǽСĸӣ࣬һֱͷճȥֻܿŨڵͷƺĸо
еճֶ˶ֱ
õ壬һ벻ȥݼǣ
歳Ծ̧ͷ۾ôġ
۾нδε飬ŨܵĽë΢΢زţճֱ԰ʯܻ㲻ƭң
˶٣زһ塣
ƭ㡣ճȻЩܿ۾ٿ
ٿȥеͲסˡ
Ѿһҩˣүҩˡ
ճ˹ָ¶ȣݸ正ҪԹԵúúҩϢĲȫˣҾʹȥ
ĬĬض룬һһڵذҩȥˡܿ࣬üͷ
ճѰͷСϻù歵Уǡ
תȥˡ
ںѡ˰죬һС״ǹӣ
ǹȴÿеĿζôҲѹȥ



 5 

ճ鷿;˸ƽ׿˵
ȷе˵ƽ׿˵š
񲿵ĹԱҲʮˣĸʲôʱȥ˵㼪ءУʺҪƸʱܱ͵ôظ˼Ҳ㣬ңҲʵڱסˡ
ճȡֽʣˢˢд˼УĿޱصݸƽ׿
ƽ׿ӹһ£ףֲԣһ㱼ǵǰģдʮһҶɵ𣿡
ּҵĶɣճĵܵʱ
ճ˱īȻ˸ĪҪʣȥˡ
һ£˵Ƹһ׼ƽ͹ȥڻʺҪİ¹㡢ɺһûУҾæߵĺڴҹվҪ̻ݣ˲ࡣ
ƽ׿Цճʵ˵ǲǶ²
ճش⡣
ͷԼһүɷλΪͨ
ش𣺡үԴ˵ﻹԺ򡣡
ճվƽ׿һۡ
ƽ׿Ϳ͵˼ֻóȥˡ
ճ;˸ſڡ
ƽ׿һ۵ĹվòüӰ۾ˮģ̺ͬŽϵɫ
Ůǰгˣʱ正ɫ˴ټ󾩶֪ж﹫Ϊ
ȵʱڹжԽЦԣŮйɫѣΪϱ
ŵȵ۴ԣͬʱǲ˵ţΪȢŮѡŮκӳ
˭컯Ūˣǽѡǽ͸ùΪ̫㣬Ϊһµﳼ֮Ů
ƽ׿ипһ£ҡҡͷ߿ˡ
歿ճͷһү
ȴճӦ
̧ۣȴճǸĹϸĿڣ塣
ճſڣģʲô£˹˵һͺã㲻úϢܳʲô
Ҿͱ˵һҵĲѾȫˣһ¶ûССص˵Һˣʹȥݼڿ𣿡
ʮֹɣһֺõζճҪȥͷŵֻסˡ
ͷȻȥ˵
ǡ
صУճ˴
ʵϴճķԸÿ춼Ҫ歵ҩΡθΡָΡٰϵĻ˵һ顣
⼸춼ûˣϢȣɼӻûвã΢߶߶ǿԡ
۰Ͱ͵ͷӣ۾ˮҪ
ͷĲ̣ӲذѺǾ䡰ɴ̻ܺȥˣǿһഩЩůҪ
歵۾תճһ塣
ʵ֪Լͬˮһ㣬ֱճĶһ¡
ǰܰſڴڽ壬ҵķݹˣȡ
ܾܾ
úϢҴȥ

ڶգȻСѩ
ϸİɫǰܽǱߣʪשߣӰԭѾ붬ˡ
ճŽȥ˰ƶɽ
歴ůؽͿǰһ·ء
ԶɫȺɽĿݻƲľؿԶ䣬ѩţͷһ߰ס
һ£ճס
Ѿڷǰ˹Ϲ
ճȥ㣬תͷԽ歵𣬹ϸ㡣
死л㱵ؽ㣬˰ݣġ
ճ˷ͷ
ѩ˼䣬죬ڲãؼ䣬ĸо
̧֣ظǱĹĹдš߷֮Ĺ
·գ׺ĸ׿˴ļ¡ſȥ
˵ô죬᲻ߡ
ĸ׺Цţ˵ŮվҪ˵ģӳǸúӣúչģҪԹԵġ
ת֮䣬ֿģѾڱĻ֮£˭Ҳչˡ
ҧûзһһһεֱϣġ
Ĺϵѩеַȥˣѩš룬ϴ˿Ĺϡ
ĹǰصǲǺ䣬Ů̷ڶߣŮТ
һֶͷճζһ㡣
̫ˣȻȥɣٹ
Ҫ歱סĹ૵صҲȥҪŵǻңһȥʲôﲻҵļңǡ
ճȥץס˽歵ļĲŸպãôϧӣȥȻԺˡ
歽رĹߣҾͲߣ
ճӲĳѽ歵һһ
歵ָͽ͵ץţȴʲôҲץסǸӲˡ
ˣʧ̬ؽкʱΪʲô㵽ΪʲôܰΪʲô
ճĬһ£Բ𡣡
۾ı˺Ϳһֻ˵СޣڻҰôﻹҡѳ绹ңǶҰ
ճôӵȴҡֻܽץסֱۡ
ԲҵĴԭҡᣬں
㲻ãҺ㡢Һ㡭
͸ƮϸѩüĿӲƺᡣ
˵Բ𡣡
ôᡣ
ĺ֣£ȵġȻѩоǺ䡣

ҹе¶Ҳ̫ߣؿƵ˯š
᣷ӰӰ´£ӣճ䣬ģһ°Ĵ
һֱ֪ģеίĹĵط˸
˶΢΢ƿһӣ𣿡
۾װ˯һԡ
ӣְˡ
ܾһֱڿĻš
һҹܲȣֱˣԺ˯ˡ


 6 

һ˯˿磬ʱ򣬻ġ
Ϻһ
ȥˣҺûʲô󰭡
ϴܲˣѽ˵һ٣ͷԹԵš
ȥҩˡ
Цû˾ͺãԺɲˣҪȥݼʲôʱأˣҲǲĵģȥڼҺúЪţůˣճҲˣʱٽȥ
۾𣿡
ǣϽӵ˰Ӽľ쵽ˣһЩĲûʳַǽˣּҶЩסϽлȥˡ
ظһ
ϿɫеЦô㿴ȥͦ˵ģôϲ𣿡
ûС歵һ£ڰصǰеʧú֪ǲǻڹҡ
ʧЦ⺢ӶˣС£ƽϡ˵ǣߵʱܲ㣬⽻ң㲡ˣҪױдŸƽʡ·ǣҡ
ʵѹԸ⣬ϼ˵ճ飬ҲѲá
ǣ歵鰸ߣ˱ʡ
˰죬īӱʼϵ£ֽοһ̡벻Ҫдʲôֻ֡


ѩѾͣ˺ü죬̫ϣ׵ûۣȻģһ͸ĺ⡣
ͣڿϣһ̴ٵУɽ˿տĻ졣
˼ΣĳԼĸϷء
ʱ歹ŸĸĹб˶ãȻټأ·ֻʣһˣűĻҲز
ǰ֧㶼ѾȼˣҲˡ
ںӺȻݺˣ
ٽѦ٣뽪й֮˴뾩ŽѣΪʹݼ
һ˵ڽ歵ĶУ羪һ㣬е֧ŲססĹȫ
ߵСѾ߿歵βԣϽסôˣǲֲˣǸϽȥɡ
Ҳ˵ץסѾߵ֣סԼӣѻס
ǸԳѦٵӾվԶĵطʿݣͬյ⣬üӺŵϢ磬νֻվţŽ正Ŀ⼸ᡣ
歺ȻؿһʹƺʲôҪƳĶҪѿˡ
סƺˣ¾ξ
Ѧǫǫ֮磬վһ΢ľ⣬·𲻸ͻǰĹºֳֿλӦǽˣɼȱýѪ˼䣬οġӣ˹뽪ڰأⳤȪ²
歶˰죬ǿһ֣ǡ
СѾߵ㡣
Ѧٽӹ㣬ڷǰĬãһһֱء
ϵֻȻһųӷͷӹ
ѦǱһ㣬عݡ
歷ӣǸ˻ǰΡ
Ѧٽڷǰƣ˽һۡ
ɽȵ¹⣬ôô
ѦЩƲסԼٿǿб۾Ƭ̺Ѿǻָ˳̬
ֱ˵Ž歹Ϊ񣬶תȥ
̲סף۰Ͱ͵ȥٶ࿴һۡ
ǣнԶֻһӰѡ
ԣʵ֪ѦٵɫҰףֲУ߬סˣôĶѪ

Цص歵ķһѾӣණ
𣬹
ӭԷˣЩʲô
˴ݹӴһЩճöȵĶҿܲأҼʲôûأ󣬷ǵöõĲСϰԹǿҫص
￩һ£ЦЩǿ
Ͻ˰Щڿˡ
һ鴿׵Ƥӣѵõ͹ˮͨûһ˿ɫȥͬһƶ䡣Ͻڽ歳ϡ
ĸԲ͸һ̺ӽ˶ÿλá͸һĲ˹̺Ÿɫޣɫޣһ̳ڵϣ˴ӵĵ档
ЩˣŻ߶ůЩ
Ѿ߳һ޹ӣСɵһ飬ýѹ˻̬ܵй𻨡÷ȡ
ѡһ𻨱ӣŵſײɽ¯ȼһɹ𻨵µ֦ͷҡҷһĨޣƢ
˵֪ϲʲôζģɫȡһЩԿľӵһȥģ»ٶá
歵ɫЩ԰ףлذʲôá
滹ЩŽĶϻڳ
סͷüԷˣҺȻЩͷۡ
Ͻˣ⼸춼úõģôַˣȥţȥͷ
£û˯ãЩأ˯һ¾ͺˣؽдˡسЩҩҶˣҡ
ʧЦ⺢ӣ߯ðɣȥ˯ţܾȥͷ
ǡ歹ɵӦ
ʰ˶ҪȥߵſڣּʲôŶˣиӸ㡣
Ѿһϻӣ˳ֽӹٵݸ歡
Ǽҽ½ʶٽӣͣ⸮ÿ˶˼öû£˵˽Ů¼ľǼңҲһиӣĪٽһ³çû뵽ҵӾȻȫǸúӣѵҲһѡ
ϺүһһŮԽӣŮı˵Ůһ⡣
歽ӹ˵ϻӣԼҴȻǲ׵ġ
Цţ𡣡
һЦһ߳ȥˡ
歼ˣͷԸСѾߣ¯Ϩ˰ɣģҲϲ
ǡ
Ǹϻӡ
װĸʮֿɰǼֺֻԲĹĵСӣɫ죬Ʋ̬ͬģ
歲¶һĵЦݣһҧһڣЩۣСβûˡ
Ŵ׵õ廨дĺʶغĿζ
ذһСӶȥˡ
Ѧ٣Ŀºͣ·ӡĺȻúеǿյġ

лҪ˵Ѧ⣬ϲԭģд𰸡

 7 

ʮ죬￴ʱѾڽ󹾹˵
һý㣬Ͱҵֵһ£Ҳȥ԰Ϸɡ
һЦƫ̰棬ԼҲȥأֲϵġ
ԭվڽ歵źţˣ̲ס򿪴ӣͷЦ͵ȥɻ
СѾͷһܿˡ
˴ӣԽЦǰԺ˹ϷҲУҪҪȥ
歵ЦЦТȥˡ
ʶҲûйͽ˵
ԻʧԣæԼ죺ǣū˵ˣ֡
ʲôȥС۵ˡЦЦ˳ʵʲôأүҸ֡
ּЦȻҲū֪ģΪʲô˹Ϸʵ࿴Ůġ
ԭԱ̵ģ϶ģչ˽正⸮ĴС鶼úܡ
½ǺٽӽѦӺʹһʣÿ춼˵λǸѹӣòʶû˵Ƕõģ˾Ͷˣ˵£ö͵͵ؿһۣⲻǽϷĻᣬ˼һҲ࣬棬¶Ρ
ֿ˵ĶϵŮǣʮˣʮòԼҷ裬ҪΪѰһʮȫļźá
˵ţԼЦʵҿأѦ˲ţвĵ¶ʮа˾ˡ
ģ־ؿڿʼ
Ǹ˾Ž歵ɫס˿ڣūֶ໰ˣﲻҾͲ˵ˡ
ЦЦûвĽԽء
歵еڨڨģԼϺͿˣ˵
歵鵭ģ룬ʵٽѦңһ㱼ǵԭڳݵģô˾ǣ
ԼҼȻѦ٣Ȼǰĵϸˡ
ǣѦոյλؾģҲŹˣȵʱͷλү岻áҲƧӼģȫʵһȡ棬ֱѾＸλҹӶȥˡ
Ҳ﷢һ
ֿûɵģȰܾҲã򽻴ˣżҪһ½ǣ絽԰ȥ䣬ȻܿǰԺϷˮҲơ
ص˵ͷҲá
ַԸСѾ߸Žһȥ԰
Լҵ԰Ӳܴ󣬶컹ûľήţͺͺ֦ڷɪֻһƬС峺ɰʯᾣĿһۡ
ƬСŵؿԿǰԺʮ֡
ԼϷ֮˹ǱߵϷĻѾˡ
СѾ߰ͷһСҧ䣬֮ɫ
΢΢ЦˣģӷεӹֿģҪϷԼȥɡ
СѾԥԥأٲв̫ңˣ˭źأ
ôˣһҪźԼȥɣҲһ徲һ£ģҲ˵ǼǵЩ
ԼҲʲôӡСѾ߻һЯˡ
歾ˮߣŶ԰
һϷЪˣ˰ĸ𣬴ˮƮ˹еãǴԼǲӼ˵𣬳ǻϵóģ˵תࡣ
쳾תǧصİ˴ݡ
ϷҲϷЦšǺȲʣôԶܾǳɣڰߣһˡ
֪ʱ쿪ʼѩ
׵һɫˮУܻ̾ˣȻˡ
˺нŲȥ
Ѧٳ˹ǰ岽ͣסˡ
İ񣬹˫ôһӢӡ
歲ѿʹˣҲû׵ı¶һ㣬촽ҧһĨӣҵɫӲҧסˡ
ѦЩˡ
˶ز˵ߣ֪˵ʲôһ˵ͷһ˿š
歲԰׵ϸһΣĨһһĸۣʱĩɫƺϣΡ
ΣѦǰֶסˣڵؿһˣڴ꣬ɰã
΢΢زȥϸϸصãʺ򡣴Ժլߴ·ˣв㣬ȥɡ
ѦؿŽ正Ŀд˵˺飬ȴϯԼЩˣ˼䣬ͻˡ
ȡһ˫ַϣʲ·ߣ˴ûˣԼǽţԭ
һöĻĪԼѴСοյĻ֦һ𣬱һµС׺żź챦ʯĻ⡣
ɬҡͷҵĶ
Ѧ΢΢Ц߽Ҫڵϣǻ˽歵ĽűߣˣҲ֮°Ҳá
ŵϵζǹڷǰ̴㣬߽ţִŵ˼̻Ϣ
歵ˡ
Ѧˣ
ֵǱߴ˹
死Żŵظѻ߬
ֳɡˣϣ˵ѩôﻹСȥˣĪԼȥˣһͷǡ
Ѧ٣¶˼ֺɵɫⲻѦô
Ѧٹ֣ˣλ·ຣߡ
ɫ̹ȻһɹµģҲȻˣָָǱߣǰٲգǰԺˡӶൣūҪ͹طܸ·ˡ
޷Ա㼴ɡѦתʩʩȻȥ
еĻţʲô±סƵģֽؿڴͷҴһȥˡ
˷УѰ˸ͷִ򷢳ȥˣ͵͵ذöȡһ¡
ǸѾһ߲ĺۼǸŴۣܰѻֳԭһСɵ޹мһ衣
޹ζѦϵһģһ̴㣬ͬһ˿δı䡣
歵ָҲմȾζ

عȥˣأ˼䡣ʱڣżСʪģȷ˰Žʯ
ӣԸò졣
ǶٽѦһ飬ϲ̵ȥѦҴ˿ڷ磬ȴѦˡ
ϱΪˣû뵽һ֮ԵȴѶѦ԰Σ֪⣬Ů˸γϡ
ƫƫѦ߾ǣǱɺԽʣͲס˼ʱӺ͵͵ƽ׿֪ˣѶӺŮһйһ١
ǿ޵øˡ
簮ŮȻŭƽ׿ƽ׿ϵ鷿ȥˣү鷿סһ¡
æŸ࿴ҵĹӣϧ϶Ѧ٣Ҳˣ˸
֮ͷöģҲû̫˵Ͻˡ
ת۵³գһͬҲûʲô
ҹˣﾲĵġ
ֵĴӳףϸ˼٣ϼȥˡǸ͵ӣûţѾǱȥ˯ˣҲǡ
ڴд֡
歵ĸ鷨ңһСҲǲƽ׿˶޹ǹŽϰ֣ϧԻסд˰죬歸Ŀˡ
дʵһˮĥϸ²ſɣʶܹڴ˵֮ˣƽ´档
歳Сܣسһľʻˮ
ϵĺ򱬿һƻӰҡ졣歷˱ʣСǵƻˡ
첻УΪţ̾һ
ͷߵ¡


 8 

Ȼ
Σߵ£Сġ
歳ţȥѴӴһ졣
ʵҹɫ£Ѧڴ΢Цţ۾ͬǳ
һ£死ŻŵذѴˣ˿ҡãֻԼ
Ѧٵ᣺һºôԺ㡣
歵Ǻˣ֪Ǻ»Ǻߣ㡢㡢㵨̫ˣߣ˿ˡ
ԣҺ˵仰ߣȻҾһֱ˼ҷˣҴһٺȥ𣿡ºţ˵Ļȴô
ҧ촽Ĭãǳȥˡ
ԺѦվǶ¹ǳͦΣٷһ㡣
޹ֺ歵ĺȻһĸоռˣԶԶģͷ뿴
ҳˣʲô˵ɣ˵ߡ
ѦĿǱ˵᣺ʵҲûʲô³ҹһأף⡢̡
̧۾صҵʵԼˡ
Ѧߵ歵ĸǰ
ֿôϤ̴ζý
ѦپõһҸһյԸȥеԸġ
һյ»ĿƣˮĻֽһǵ˴ʱĵӺʢš
ȥӹյơ
Ѧٸûӵȼ˵ơ
ˣ𣬷ְɡ
ȴ᲻÷ſץסˡ
Ѧ̾ϢǰƷˣԸһкܿͻģҡ
˵ǡ
ҧҧ촽һۡ
ɿˣԸҡҡλεط죬ȥ
ͬҹǣĵ𣬲û˿
΢΢Ц΢Цͬ¹°ɫĻ
ѦһۣҪſ˫ۣӵ뻳
ʱԺ洫̴ٵ
Ѧٵɫˣ죬²ףˣԼء
԰գͷɿȥ
ʶָ֣ͷץץִ
ѦٵıӰողʧںڰУ䡱һȻ
Ѥõ̻ҹţôöңĵҲֺʱİٻʢǧ紵䣬·ꡣ
һ̣ǲҹ졣
̻ƹںƴˣ˯ŵ˶ˣ׷³
ûûڵģ˭ڷֱ̻󡣡
˵ⲻǸ𣬾ԺͷǣôС
ͷҹգڿ̻ڿյƮҡԸƣҪ̻ûˣô
Ѿ߳˽正Ҳ̻ˣôź򣬰ѽôɱˡ
һѾ߸Ͻȥȡһȸ֣Ҫϡóţбһֻ˵Ĵ֡
ҡ
Ǹࡣ
СѾߴסˣϽ˫ֳϣү
ճӹ˴֣ȥ˽歵ϣ𣿡
歱һعͷճ
̻Ӱϣ밵ͬȻҹɫУҲôһ糾ͣȻͦΡӢˣͬ
ҹ歵ıӼȴð˺飬Ͱ͵ص壬㡢ôȻˣ
ʢ̻ڿôȶá
ճЦˣʣϹģ·һֱ꣬ʱ䣬ãüѾʮˣ̻Ϊţ㻹ϲʲô˵Ҹһһϡ
ζôԣ޷װϵ̻ͬþʡ
ҹһ͵ĺ⣬紵歺䣬еҲϲ壬л⣬ʲôϲ
ճؿ
Ӱ۾۲촽ͬӣңСɶ֮һöɿڵĹӣˮۣݺݵҧһڡ
ճĺһ£͵͵ЦˣҪ룬һ죬ϲľʲô
ôºͣڽ歵ĶУȴһƬ䡣
̻ҹȴԸٿˣͷӻ˷С
ȴճҲ˽
歸ŭԣصҹˣҪ˯ˣȥɡ
ѾǶʶȤҽһԶԶġ
ճױ̨ߣָͷðص
Ĺĵصһ
ճһۣĿеΣա
歺û˽ţӵذȥһ㡣
ճԳ棬ѽ歰ױ̨ǰˡ
ʣеͬһ亣Ļʱڣޡ
ճɫˡ
óһϸĽϻһֻӡ
ͨһɣɫ󴿰˪ѩʵ֬ӵһ֦᾵÷֦ͷֻȸһͷһף࣬羫տ칤
ճôųӵĴԣڽ歵Ķ
ϲ𣿡
ϲ
ճЦˣϲ뿴
һͷŨ˳ĳڷѻ̳ɸơ
ճӲȥֻȸķ޼

ŵһ϶û˯ãڶʱ۾涼ģûɵӡ
ϴʱڷѾ߻ģԭһӡһӵĲˣż£Ҳöʡ
ùţһүȥһˡ
ûе˵ֻĥĥظȥˡ
ճ鷿ûȥȴ浹˳ɫǷѾߣѪģҲ֪ǻӽ歵ǰ̲ʺѪ
Щѣסߵӡ
ճ鷿ﴫ𣬽
ǿ̧Žȥˡ
ճ鰸ǰɫ䵭Ž正Ҳ˵
ССص𣿡
ճȻЦˣЦҲģ֪ղϳȥʲô𣿡
歸Ͻҡͷ
ԭźѾͷѦٵǮ˽Ϊͨ籨ţΰ԰ǱլƵĶǱǡ
歵죬ĵغӳȥ


 9 

ճ۾ȴǰ鰸𣬹Ķ𣿡
歵Ŀ˹ȥɫˢرòҰס
Ϸһһյơ
ʶԼӣƽһֱǸѾˡ
Ķ𣿡ճһ䣬ﱥĳΣյζ
歵ѪҺһӿۿˣ֪صǣҵĶΣ
ճ֣ң
СӱƼˣ۾Ҫҧˡ
ճǹһζЦݣȻһ䣺أô
歱ȥصϲ
͵Ķ㶼ϲֻϲѦ͵𣿡
ճƽģº͵ġȴ˸¡
ճذǸͿһϡá
۰Ͱ͵ؿţֹ۵Ҫ۾
˵ѦķϺԭã겢ƾǣôκӳѦǱֵܣԼ඼ĸװɣէһ˵òмơ
ճ䣬ڽ歵ĶУȴ罹ףҡ£Ҫ
ճŽ歲Ұ׵ɫȴ΢΢ЦǵֿκӳͷҼҪûˣԭϲˣɲãȥһ࣬˳õġ
死֪Ļµģˮ۾ݺݵصճˣ㣬ҳ绹Ǻúõģ㡢㡭
˰죬˵˵Ļֱˣ˵˵ŲǶࡣ
ճŽ正ĿᡢƲп᣺㲻£Ҳ㣬Ҫֻ֣ܹ־ϲС֮޷һúһұ֤Ժ󲻻ٶзǷ֮룬Բᡣ
歺ȻһëȻĸо

ϵĿ˻ţ򱻸߸ߵػӳصһͷһͷһб˹һͻͽš
ڼҶɲ˹ȲѦӹȻ˵ãվСˡ
ѦסϵɫǫȻֳˡ
ҵĹӷǽյĶңѦټ˼۾˵ಡԭȴ躹ޣ㱻ƭˣɲɣ¸¹һӣٽԼҵĽܺ߾һսˡ
ѦԭٽѦԾڳݣǰѦԵλؾŸ˻˵һӼҾ
յʱѦٴһ˵飬ӲظϻˣǷ̩Ժͻָ˽ģҲܳӦˡ
ѦǸӣѧʶԨ̸²ףΪһɹ£ÿÿ崺֮УʱͱЩ۸ڶ﹫ΪԼˡ
Խ˹üɫģҾ˵ˣѦּãеܴˡ
Ҳ˲ģǱ߽кһ֡һ֣ҾͲˣҴ߰ϣȲѦ֣ٺһս
˴ЦָԲλ
ʱ򣬳˹Է񺰵ӣˡ
һ£һ飬Ǻˡ
ճᣬȴЩŸĹǲͬһƷһָսرɱϣѪǧݲĺԡɲ֮
һѪĴȻã÷ЩţλԨԴԵˣ
Խˣ̽ͷҼҴû򰡣ôҲˡ
ŷӦԽԭǾ˱ֵܣһԽһȥӭӡ
ճһϮ̬ĮưںɫĿ֮ϣȻһ
˷Զˣֻһףڣáӣǽڴ˻ϣҼԣɷ³
ȻЦ棬ܹ͹⣬ҵȵңв֮˵ү롣
ԽճȻǱףճ;ηмӣռˣܾλֵƱƽոΪЩ㷲ںСصֽպ£ұΪ㲻
ճԽһۣصʵ̫ƵЩɲס֣㲻Ҫ³ˣԲ߰ȫ
Խͷһͷ亹ͣס˽ŲҲǰˡ
ճӹ˷ȣһ
Ǻһ˻һɫ򳡡
ϵ˲Ų˭³ˣճͣǷ˷ˣãһԱͽ˼ϡϡ
ճĿת˹ңңغѦٶϡ
Ѧٵͫһ£Ĭذȥ
˷ಡط
ճϡƥǳѪճɳ֮꣬ѸѰƥܹ׷
̣ճǰ棬Գ棬Ʋһȡ
һ±ƿХ
Ѧʼձžճž룬ˣ͵سѸͣ⧲۾ֻһߵĲӰһ̰Ŀ־Ϯͷ
ǸǶֱӭĿ޴Ӷִ֮Уֻƾűͷ
һͷ˹ȥ
һ
ɳ˳⣬գ۲֪ȥ
Ѧֱ壬ڴͷϵѳɷ飬ͷɢڼϡ
˽Ӳؿ˿Ѧ٣ֿ˿ճɫЩࡣ
ճ鵭ģԲסղʧˡǹһ˿Ц⣬ֲһ䣬Ѧݣ𣿡
ưĿѦǰһֻϡ
Ѧٱŭˣѹĵ׵ĳ޳ǣҪֽ̡
ǰճֱֱȥ
ķ񿴵ֱüסԽ죺Ҵô£һϳº֣ҪѦһģ˿ԿǶˣɲɣȥ
Խյץͷӣҽеö𣿲ǻǿѦֽ㿴˻Ҵָǰգⲻ𣿡
̶仰Ĺ򣬳ͻ䡣
ڷɳţճѦ٣˿׷򣬽ز
ճ΢΢ףѦһۡ
Ѧһ
֮ɹ
ճֻ̧ȣдŷ֮ƣֱϮѦ١
ѦûϵճſĿ֮оȻֱɱ֣ʶҪǹƹͣȫ޴ӱܿһǣԺһƬհס
лҪ˵ѦĹˣİֹԣǶã

 10 

ǧһ֮ʣһ֧бޱȣճš
ճһֵƫ˼֣ȴѦٵļϲص
Ѧʲôѵ
ƥ񿥵İ˻һǰɱһԵȥ
Ѧٵ˳ȥֻתӶӹһʹҵ˵ϡ
۾һ󷢺ڣϻģʹ£Ѿľͼ֫·𶼶ϵһ㲻ʹһţۡ³һѪ
ƥǰʮף˵ϣ෭˼£һذȥӿ˴̲̲ѪܿͲˡ
һв֮䡣
е˶סˣһʱӦ
ճĺڼоȻӲɲסͷ˵Ĳٿ£һתŵϵѦٱȥ
û˸ǰ
ֻǰϮճ
ճһ࣬ʧ˿ա˽Ϊۻ֮ʱճַԭһ˲䣬ߣж˿Ӱ졣
תǺѾҪ۵Ѧٵĸǰûܴӵ
һƥɫĿ˹ǿв嵽Ѧٺճ֮䡣
ճһסǰ㣬ȫ𣬷ġԡ
һԱ佫ڳ֮ϣӢ䣬üźͲƵȣװֳֳֹּбһֻꪡ
ճʵΪˣ
ְƲߣΪ߾л
ճ¶һζЦݣл߾ʲôʱҵǲ֪
Ʋ˹ͼȴ˳ϣػصְ߾Ѿ꣬΢ĩ֮ˣȻ벻ۡ
΢ĩ֮ˣȻ֪ңҲҶҳ֡ȥ·㵨ʶͦá
ճɫпϲŭƲߵͷƤȴһĸоϰ֮˶Σյֱ
ƲսԼʪģְ·˴ֻλӵգְŶ֣ˡ
ҺôʱԽѾܹˡ
Խ˲öճľ£ҪȥĴȣ󡢴Ӣ䣬ҵȶԵˣճ⣬ͣסɣ롢ЪЪ֡
˸ϽȥѦ٣һ֣ѦپͶһ¡
оæеԡԣ죬õд죡
ΧѦٵߣһæҡ
ƲػѦٵǰ棬ꪺǰ̬Ȼǫͣƴ
ԽסҾֺá
ճԶԶؿѦһۣЦˣˣ޷Ҳٵȼ죬Ҫ飬ûʧֹ
ƲߺԽ˼ɫˡ

ڰǰڷļɫִ֬͸һ㵭ķۣ·𻨰һ㡣
ⴺⷽŨһֻ·ҷ˽ڽ歵ָ⣬ԼΪǻ
死Ǵģûжһ£˼ɵȥˡ
һűƿˣײײس˽
һָһ£ǺϽˡ
ѾǾôˣ
ԭȴǣһɷɷ׵ģ۾һƬͨ죬ƽԭһõĹ˿ȥмֺˡ
˹߶µ˹ץס˽歵֣ҡ
歳ԾصԽ㣬ôˣ
ҡֻܾˡе״ˡ
áãҾ㣬ԽĪҪżл˵ء
ǲҪڣȻʲôѾǺȵǶȥȥ
Ƣɲ̫ãѾǸϽȥˡ
ˣǺȻͨһ£歹ˡ
ǾŵˣæȥԽʲô˼ɷˡ
ȴԱŽ歴ޣҪɱѦӣѦӱѪֻʣ°ˣֻԲŹҪ¡㲻֪ĺܿ£˵Ҫɱˣ;û˿ӵù
歵ӻ£֧ŲסһҲҪס
ڷԽ㣬˵ʲôΪʲôҪɱѦӣö˶˵ģôܡôҡ
ҡҲ֪Ѧŭ˴֣ôõһˣ顣ǿ޿䣬Ҵۿģɷλʿ֣˵ѦѾɥȪ
ֵ״ˣǲܣ֮Ǭô˲񣬵֪ڣΪ
Ȼ˺ܾǰŻ壬ĪƣʵȴǸĳӲ֮ˣ֮׶ͷۣ㲻֪ȥ׽ŪֻҪһ¡
һƣƯСԴӾҪˡ
ʱЦص˵ɺˣ컹˵Ҫϵȥժ˵ǰ׺֮ͽ
еζ鲻Խ˸¡
ǿ޵ģģֳڱսɱ¾ԣùöдźҵԹ˵̫ءͣʲô͵ģʮݰУ϶ҪҪɱˣѦл·
歵һһشʹ֫ٺ͸ڱҪˣ૵صô죿ָôأ
һס˽歵֣յôҪѽϸָ۶ˡ
ɫ԰ף۾ֳ︡ɫҲֻܾѦˡ˵ֶʮģȥŹѦӣֻҪȥһӦġ
歴˸飬һ㱡亹ճΪζѦɱģ˲֪֪ܲȥճѩϼ˪ֻѦøһЩ
߶µҡͷҲȥ
һ£˻޺ѦˣҲԸˣ𣬺ãȥˣȾҰɣһӶĶ£㣡
歿־ҲȥĲܡܡ
𣡡ؽһ
Ҳȥҡͷ૵ص
                        
лҪ˵𣺽ȥҪȥˣûţ̫ˡ
壺ȣ

 11 

Сŷ˹һͷײСҡҷһ£΢ġžɫӰӳڴɴϣһŨļį
ճҪˣѾѡ
ͷߵֻһ£ͣסˣġ
ճͷһ˭
ûж
ճ󲽹ȥš
ո¹꣬¹·𶼻ǳʪġվ̧۾ճ¹ĺۼ
ôˣ㻹˯ʲô𣿡ճŨڵҹɫԵ÷ͳ
歺Ȼһֵͷܵĳ嶯ҹķ紵˹쬵ģ˸¡
ճ΢΢ü࿪Ƚ˵
ԥһ£ӲͷƤ˽ȥ
˵ķ䣬򵥶࣬һһһΣûһ˿Ķһɴ䡣
ɫĳ۴ڴͷֻһɫ£ڳˣ¶Сɫļͷ΢ɢеңӣ֪ΪʲôȥΣԣһֻҰޡ
ֻƳһۣͻŵصͷٿ
ճߵ歵ǰôߴ󣬰ⶼסˡ
ʲô£˵º͵ġ
歵˫ʮָʲһָڶˡ
˺þãûп
ճе̾ˣҪʲôֻܺ˵ģûвӦ㣬ûãҲ룬ôˣطˣ˵
ҧҧ촽̫ˣҧѪȻ˵ճĻС
ôӲŻŵôһˣԼıӶײˣģ̲ס
侲ճҲӲסˡ
𡭡֪Լʲô𣿡·ǴＷġ
ճϣŵζǸɽ֮㣬ζƺһӱȼˣȶ
̧ͷҿ嶶ǿѻ˵˿ڣ壬ҡҡһ飬ܴܲӦң
ճʲô£˵
㣬ŹѦӣɱ㣬塣ᣬȴΪһˡ
ŭͬ쫷һϯôһɲǣճҪʧȥǡ
ôײؿڣȴײۣǴûйĸо
ճץס歵ļ򣬰ӻץĿһ纮ң֪Ҫʲô
֪ͬĩʱӵૣ΢ɼ
촽һѪ·ӣƿƤһ֭ˮ
ҪһʲôζճôšҲôˡ
׺ݵȥ
Ļ۵Ĺӻһζ
ճסεؽֺշתôζҪһһڵذȥ
歼ֱסˣǱҰ޵ڿСӣ֨֨ؽͷסˡ
ʶͽ͵ץţ֪쳨øˡ
˵ţʵԣ̵ͬһ㣬Ķţ·Ҫؿڱĳ
ǵôˣ歵ǰһ󷢺ڣԼԼҪճӵС
һתӵϡ
һߴӰճ⿪ˣ࣬˺ູܶˮʶ£СɫļһƬʪ
𡣡ɳƵ֣ô꣬ѹĵ׵ҰޣҲزס

歾ֻ˰촽סˡ
𡣡һһģؽ
Ȼҧסͷ
ôӲһˣͷȴġ
ݺݵҧȥѪȵζһڿǻбѿս
ճĶһ£΢΢̧塣
歷ɿشı˳ȥһĴǣһš
Ź⣬ճݰ밵ӢۡǿֲĹɲԼ촽滹մѪŽ正ĿͬԨҪɡ
ԼҵģΪʲôΪʲôַڣҧгݵʡ
ͻȻ˾״ľأԭͲᶨ־ˣţ嶶ҡҲԸ⡭ҺˣҲԸ⡣
ͷϥϣ͸һһεذ׵ĽϣܿͰһСŵطʪˡ
ճڻƿһɹ˳Ǹǵҡҡ׹˫Ŀ죬߬סġп졣
Һˣ塣ϸùļ⣬һּĴʹ
򱬿һƻҡһ£˵ӰӶƬ̵Ť
ȥճٿȻһȡ
歶һ¡
ҳȥճָſڣǳ⣬ϵȻӿҪѽѹſȥ
ֽŲãƿճӴȥܳš
ķ紵˹̫ˣ歵Դκҳһţûаѡ
ԺǰţҰ׷ƴҪߡҹôڣ·֪һšǳһŵš
ԶֺѾߵĺ
ƹӺڰ͸˹
ˡ



 12 

ǸҹһجΣǵò̫ˣֻúܺ£ںڰƴӣȴôҲӲѡ
𡣡
Ǹƿҹɫ
歶һ£оѹ۾
ճǰĴ
ͷѬ㣬УôӢ̶ͦͬɵ
ȴһŻŵǱߣͷɪɪ
ճĿһ£ܿͻָ
˽歰죬ظȥ֡
歶üҪιȥˡ
Ȼֻͷƺů
ҴӦ㣬Ҳɱ
Щסˣɵɵ̧۾
ĿҹԺɵ£ֵáһ£ԴΣյζûκֵҲ
ѪҺһӿͷҹǺӵ޴߳ϯҪ
ҧ촽߶µصҲ˵㣬߿߿
ճƺܵ͵Цһ£һͷȥˡ
ڴǱߣԼϥǣίؿˣҲ֪Լίʲô
Ͻˣһҩ𣬿ҩˡ
ҡͷ
ϰҽ
ϲȥӹ롣
ϿŽһ߿һߺҩ̲ס˵⺢ӣƽܹԵģôȻˣϵģȥ԰Ϲʲôô䣬ˣ˰ˣôвѣճҪͷȥˡ
һҿԣͰ͵
ճȥ̫ҽ̫ҽ˹̫ҽǱͷǿ˵Ǳˣ㣬ԼѹͺáӣģҲչˣ˷Ĳġ
歴˴Ͱ͵̧ͷԷˣҪ𣿡
Ȼףճû˵Ҫؼˡ
歵ֶһ£

˰죬ͣסˡ
ճ洫ˣ
歴ӳ̧ͷ֮ʾѾˡ
ϤĽֵϤͥĽʲôûб仯ƺֻǳŹһ£ֻˡ
ĵǰͣסˡ
Ǳˣһ˴ָ֡վĲԭɢСˣпߴľʿǳųꪣꪼź⡣
ճһջζˣ㲻ȥ𣿡
Ĵųţȹգ˽ȥ
һȺŮū͹վűߣ歽һˡ
һʶ
ﶼˣǰϻ£Ѿޣȴƽ⡣ɢɢҲزˡ
ԼҵĴԺ󿴿ҿãȻŲǰ
ճԹȥһץס
ʲôſңǺȴôҲ
ճŽһ·ȥ˶شţƹȣһСԺ
Ժлľ裬ᾫ£ܽ»һķ壬ڷзöĽ֮
ĸòѾڷſڣʩ񣺡밲
ǽ歾յĹ뷿
ճſ֣Щӣԥ߹ȥѾΪӡ
ڣڰϣϷһɫ÷ƿһ֦һ̦ѹ·īδɡ
ճ𣺡ºլӾͱ͢ˣ˶䣬ĶãûôպͰԼס£㸸׺ĸ׹Ȼˣһչȫصǡ
ճһһ£ﲢҵļˣѾ޼ҿɹ顣
ڵĵطļҡճ˵ôȻӣסţڰ鴦׵ˣҾʹݣТڣҾȢš
歳һ亹̲סճԶһ㣺ҡҲŲҪ޸㣡
ճ΢΢ЦˣڿһµĺӣĵغѾ˼֮ף㲻޸ңܼ޸˭أģҲṼġ
歵Դ죬һƬϼͰ͵صʱԼͿˣҡҲֱˣⱲӶˣ㡢㡭Է˵ˣҪȢڶˣ㲻Ȣҡ
ҲȢճȻȴеֲɵרϣҪȢˣʼֻһ𣬲ô˵ҵġ
歰Ⱦſܡ
һ˫ִӱץס

 13 

ճֽס֫ϸӯӯһգճ̫۶
͵͵Цʲôȥ
ǸȵϢ歵Ķޣս
壬ңҲ޸㣬㡢㲻ҡ
ճֱɽҲûƶֺˣָסֱʹ
ͥԺͷķ嶣죬ӣ涵ĻӰ΢΢ҡҷѾǺ⣬֪޾Ǹ˵ĴϢس
𣬹ԹԵģҶȻ̲סˡһĪɳơ
ŵζɾĻǹ̵ģűĴѣııʪ͸ˡ
Ҫ壬Ҳϲ㡭
ǣϲ㣬ܾúܾˡ
ճͷ촽ҪĶ䡣Ķ侫СɣһƬĻ꣬Ҫҧȥ
歵ճֱϡ
̾ϢˣôޣǸĹ
歺ȻúѹίˣţٱңұˣãҲںˣҪȥҰһ㡣
ճطſ֣˵ʲôɵ
Զϥ̲ס޳㣬۸ңճ㣬߿һ뿴㣬Ҳ޸㣬ⱲӶᣡ
ÿؿޣճľˣֻͷǹӺҪޡ
ϧǹӣճźţССһţȴ΢΢Цˣǣֻܼ޸ңûѡء

ϣˣУǸ˵ͬ棬ˡ
ƴӣôҲӲѡ
歾һȻѾˣյڴߣֽȴǱġ
Ѿ߹£˴ᣣ𣿡
Ű¯ŶƬڿšܽ£Ǵײһ£öһôϤôİ
ѾǷŽϴǵľֹжϸ£ʮܵ˵һͷ䡣
ǲǾˣʵ
Ѿ߶Խ歹̬Ƚ΢ū澵ȶʿүԸǸźġ
ϱˡ
һӺ߲ţճ͹ˡ
𣬸ȥ鷿
歲ҶʣͷĬĬظճ
ճȥȴԭĴ鷿ƫԺһСݣǱǽд˵ľ
ƫԺм٣˺ܶˣ֦չס˰Ժӣǵ֦ⶼɫġ
֦ڴϣ紵ϸĻƮ
ճ鰸ǰ£ȥ˰ϵĻ꣬Խ歵ī
歴ײڵأһ䣬һΪī
ճﾲؿ
ν޴ǳһ¶ͬźһ㣬ְۣһءճǣָоָе㷢ȡ
һֻСȸڴ̨ϣ˺ڶС۾౵ؽ
ճȻЦָָ⣺㻹ǲǵãд֣ңÿ춼Ҫſڴߴߴ˵
歳ĬƬ̣Ҳǵˡ
ճûܺã͸ٵĻӰӴ˽üϣһ߲ĺۼ㲻ǵûϵһһֱǵá
һĴ죬ض壬Сӷˣȥ
𣬱֡
ǸʱģĿȴº͵ġ
ʵûʲôı䣬ȴѾǸǵСŮˣη
ϵĶ̫ҿճֻǵ壬ȥߡ
ãȥȥճӦ
歹ȴ΢ģҾ롭һ˳ȥ棬Ҫҡ
Сº͵ص𣬲ҪˣۣߣӲġ
ҧ촽еīӵ޺޵رȥۿֺˡ
ճԳ棬׾ٵذѽ歱ԼĻС
ʲô歾ıӼ϶ð˺顣
ʵһСǼ⣬ճǿסˡ
û˯۾ġճô
Ҫܣſҡ
꣬𶯡ճָڽ歵Ķͷصһ£Ҳᣬ𣬹һ㣬˺ܾˣ㣬һ￴顣
ְס正һֻһ飺ⱾӼǣ
Ҫ歼Ƚֺ£۾Բˡ
۾·ʢ˴ˮĽëֳܣǴˮӳһ˿˿硣
ճ΢΢Цˣˡ
һҳ飬˳
һţҶճĻȥÿĲ棬Ӣͦ絶̣һ޷ݵöһĴԣʵǺܺġ
бб˽ŨңСȸˣ౵ؽиݡ
·ͬǰ۰Ͱ͵д֣д˲ȥ棬ůѬˣšţſڰ˯ˡ
վãٻζɬ
֪˶ãճý歹ڰˣͷһѾ˯ˡ
Լû˯ðɣ۾滹һĨɫЩ㲡
ճˡ
紵˹һƬҳϡ
ճءظȥ촽ӡһǳǡ
ζǴ컨͹ӣۣĺëıǶˣģܲˡ
ճʮȣˣֻСĵذ¡
źϯ˯ţһšճԼϡ
ҲˣͿ˯ģǹɼˣճ̲סͷ
ͷߵţү
ճ˳ȥţ뾪ŵ歡
ϣ£
ϵ³һӣฮϸһӣǲż򹱾ƣҶıһ
ةˣĲ˵ۿ˵۹⣬һһĺãŮ޸ǵκΪޣһ죬κӵǻƵۺŮйʺǵ̫ӡ
ңԴӽȥ֮λٲȻǳеһˣһʱͷ޶֪ж˶ӭֺãճƣΪʮֵˡ
ճȴȻһЦδÿɷ񣺡֮ⲻھưɡ
СֳһУǳģһݵ˵Ǿһׯӣûʲôһһ͸ү档
κӵĵڶӣ̫һͲӾȻͬʱ͵ճǰҲ֪ǲɺˡ
ճûӣֻǵĮص˻ȥԺ˵һŲš
ǡ
óһźǶүš
ճµǽ˹
˶ʱĺ滹дһƤֻйĺ˲ϲдš
ճ򿪿˿ĵضµһģϣɺֻʱҪҪ˵أ
ֿЦЦգôգɺֲǵһθͶˣϼһҪæԶֹֻôˡ
ճһ£Ҫڰ＾ҵԼʱսˣʱƢе㱬Ժ˲ӣ£ϣȻȥҿʱ˵ҷԸģݵ㣬вš
ǡϸɴرȭˡ
ճվƤžϸϸؿһ飬ط
˷ţȴֽ歲ˣѣôģ仨ء


 14 

ճֻǿһۣޱسȥԺſڡ

ȥ𣿡ճʵ
δ
ճЦЦصԺУҿ˿
ٴ˴ϰǽ̫û˴ˣ֦Ƶ˵ϡ
߰ǽڻӰ
ճ˹ȥ֦
Ȼ歶ٻ棬ϥǣһš
ճɪһ£Դ
Ľëϴһ¶飬ˮģ촽ҧýģ־ɥ־ֵģ
ϲΪʮΣⲻ֪Ϊ˺ģżװҲǸ
ͷ
ճȥΪȥͷϵ仨֮£о
ճ̾һô𣿡
歲˼صͷתۿճɫˣָϽҡͷ
ճظڽ歵ǰƽƣȥǽǫģȫƽյĽᡣ
㿴ҡҲģòúãȨλҲߣլӴǮƶ࣬ҲҲҸõˡ
ҵõɱǸˣĬĬš
ںôãΪʲôϲң˵˵һﲻá㲻⣿
£ٻӰ涵ģӳϣ밵üĿƺҲ
ǣֻǿһۣʹ壬ܺãҲϲ㣬ûʲôԵɣҵչԼģ
Ϊ˵⻰ͺµ˲ӡ
ճĬãֻǵ͵͵Цûϵһ㣬һʱ䣬Եת⡣
仨½ɫڴʡἡǣһţĻҪڻһ㡣
ܻߣң˭ҲܿӹˣȻֻһˣҲ˵

Ѷ
ǸߴĴѾóһȹȹ׵Ľģ°ɫ˿Ϸȥͨ廹ɫģ΢һӼ¶ȸӰӡ
ȹ޸õﻨһµʱģԿɻϲ
歿һۣص֪ˣɡ
ߴ۲Ž歵ɫֻһɴ£ĺĻ͸˳Ũǳ֦ͷҡҷɫҲصġ
Σ޵񶼵ز˵ѵãһ겻ܲʮƥĺƶһ
ÿˣţͦá
ŽТڣճ׼ѶذɫģһɫҲܱǧֻѾڱŸ歹Ŀȴɺ
ߴģȰū澿ЩǼƯģԣ
歵ֲţʲôһǷˣҿܲأɡ
ߴʵǸְѾߣﴩϣԸү϶ϲ
Ĺĵģ˹ˣΪʲôҪϲ⻰Ҳ˵ˡ
ߴֻЦ
ͷСѾ߽пˡ
ȵصʲôˣԷ𣿡
ѽ𡣡ϤһԲԲ۾ŮѾߺ
歳Ծ֮£ڵվɪɪȻ㣡
ｫҵĹɪǽ歵ĹѣͶ޼䡣
˿̣ϲɪ̲ס־ϲɪҲ鼤֣࿴ţ첻˵ۿ
ߴʮ֪Ȥ˷˲ˮ͸ӣЦŵǹƵûأ˵˵
歺ЦЦʧˣɪкö໰Ҫ˵ء
ɪͼ²ˣҵҪҿ𣿡
һڣ˶һ£˷ǣ˵ѷǽˡ
ɪԻʧԣװµӣŽ歹ȥܵذһˣҿһء
ߴСѾ߶˳ȥˣˡ
ץɪ֣ôˣһΪǰҶˡ
ᣬʱһֱڼǹءɪ浣֮ɫǼҳԺͷѾˣһһ˵㻹Ѻ̲Ĵ棬ҵȥʲôϢòĵҪ
˽һۣɫЩɣϵʱԵҼȥҵתңѾؼˣ˵ԭ㽻ãҹ˵㿴ⲻǸϽˣ񻹺𣿡
ɪǰûмɵģصãܲãɪܡ
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歴һ£ˤɪ֣˵˵ʲôҲң㡢㡢Ļ
ɪˣ𣬶ԲסҿΣΪǡѽҴˣ
ίˣرȥԭҾͼˣֻ˼𣿡
ةĶŮֽ󣬶ҹΪ㵹һüǰи߲ʵ飬˭뵽Ī⣬һ䳾˹
ɪ̾һס歵ļ򣺡ˣô˵ʵûжġ֪ҵİ褺Ͱʲô˵ڳΪ˵˼ûʢŭּȫҵ˶˾Ůˡû˽̷
̫ͼҵ褺һ˫ûǺͽǽܡ龪ޣòû뵽Ȼ˽̷ǵطװ׵Ĺȥֱ硣
ٿȻһ£
ɪҿ˿ѹ㲻ãһ£ǣ˿ɶˣ㸸סˡбɹ٣ʷ̨λ˱˹٣ЩϵģеĶ궼֪
촽þƱǶصģЩ˳飬ǵļСǣ˵ô˻ס㣬ˡ
һɫ԰ף
ɪʹæסҲã˵ЩʲôǺò¾һ˵Щ˵ɣѣô࣬ҿ۲ˡ
歵ʵ㷽˵ҵãڵôˡ
ɪһ£ʵҸ͵͵غ˵ҽ˽̷褵ϾԾˣ誣
歴˸¡
ɪıοǲһ𣬱̫ࡣ
룬ɪصͬˣ֪պΡұĸһȥӶү͵ģܶһҲ׬ˣҲûʲôǣңƼˣҾͺͰһȥˣʵǲµġ


 15 

˵ɪᷴ˽һ£ұ죬˵ʲôɵأҽ߸˵ģɲ˵
歰ͷɪϣͬڹһãǲ˵ˣɪεݣ㻹ңǸмġ
ɪһ½歵ķ۵ģָлôãӣˣ㿴Ҷã𣬿㣬òùдңʲôҲóҿ
̾챻ʲôأƶˡ
ɪ֣Ǻһȥˣѽ˵Ҫˣ𣬹ҪһȥλҶˡ
ˣˬģӴܽµķ
·ʱֻһ㡣
ճ鰸ǰѱʷˣ΢΢һЦȻԼңѵãʲô飬˵
歾ִٵվǱߣͷС壬Ƕ磬ɪԼȥˮӱ߿ۣȥ𣿡
ճʧЦҿŵģΪҪժأкβɣϷԸȥ׼һееġ
ҾԼͰɪһȥ棬㲻Ҫҡ歹
ճվߵ歵ǰ
死ǵͷȴ͵͵һ
ǲ͵͵ܵճֻǵģȴһɽĸо
歰ͷøˣͰ͵صûûС
ճ΢΢ЦţЦݴζ㿼ˣˣǸҵСҪˣ˶Ѳϵˣ֪ġ
歾ɥˣӲͷƤҾȥɢɢģûġ
ճĬ˰Σ歵ĺҪųʱ͵͵Цһ£ðɣиСС
ʲô̧ͷգգˮĴ۾
Ũīһ£ҾʹӦ㡣
歵ˢغˣ˵ͷߡ
ȴճס֡
ŭͽӣǲܵģܡ
ճĶģҲǿӲݾܾģõͳУһһˣһ¡
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ճץסС⣬ͷȥһ¡ʵᣬŵմˮ㣬һ롣
死ǱŵˣҪޣس˻Ҫӿȥ
һ˲䣬ճһѰǽϡ
㡢㡢׶׹ˣҪʲô歰ֱ󣬽ǽ޲ðԼǶǽȥ
ճƽĺĶޣǹ̵ġ
ʲôۡͻŷݣҶһһֱ룬ʲôʱܲңᣬʵҴ˺㣬ҶôãΪʲôҪң
歵ɴһ۾ţⲻ֪ԼдˮʣȥôҹţһԴ˵ôûʣ㡢ֱ̫Ҫˡ
ճӶˣҲ֪Ǻ߻Ǻ£֮΢΢زţСֱƼˡ
̲ס̾
歳ճһı˳ȥɿܿˡ
ճû׷ȥıӰ鲻ԽָԼ촽
ϻζ绨ۡ

ո̿ƣˮϲԡ
»δʼйټ˲ͷһȺӵᴬںоץѼӡˮϸߣѳĵȶѹȥ
ֵĺϿ͵ЦѼӸ¸µĽһֶСߺšˮСʳСڰȥšȣ˼
ˮжεİϣˮһųͤȣʵһ¥ɸ󡱡
طҰѣʺϿۣץѼӵҲͤǰĺУģֵǶˡ
ɸĶҺǾͤȷ㣬Ѱֻ²㿴ţǲø߸ߵģרڿٻȨ֮ңǸݵĵطÿһ꣬еҹΪռλãڰϾġ
ɪͽ歽һż䣬ѾڵذζòһߣȻ衢ڹӣٹλֽúܣ⸮Ѿ߶岻֡ɸõСֱӱ治ýˡ
ɪЦţŽһ£ŷϵ
̲סλãҼǰһ¾¶ˣߵƹֻϸԱߵķ䣬ԭ˺λרŸ˵ģ
ȴһãȻۣĲҲλãǿʲôرġ
ɪ˽歵ı飬һָͷͷϣң˵Ǹµģʲô
滹ţеѼӱƼˣ׷ŴҧЩĺ໽УһЦ
ɪ̽ͷȥء
͵͵شһܵΣŰţһƿͿܳȥӵԶԶġ
ǣѾߴ̬ܹǵ۾һֱŽ正һ˲ɡ
ɪǱһֻȸһߴߴ˵ʮֿӡ
̾һ
Ѿһ裬歵Уǰıݴѿһ֭㣬΢ǽ歺Ȳϰߣϲ̵Ķ
歶˲豭Сڵţźϻֵľʱеǳ¶ǳǳЦݡ
ɲûάֶá
ܿ죬ſڴһŮϣһΪˣԭǽҵ歰ôҲˣ
һ治룬Ѿߣǹݡģȥһ̱ģ鸮Ĺ裬պͽġ
ϧ죬ȴһϵġ
еĹʱȵ޷˭òһϣ歴ûˣĸΪ׸󣬳˻ʼҵĹ˭ҲȲⲻ˼ˡ
̫ҵĳϹӣ˭뵽ǰ˽һΪ֮ߵ󰮣ֵð˾֪
ϻ˵Ȣ޾͵Ȣҵ歹ǲ˼ɫƼǸʲôأ˰ˡ
⻰˵ȥڼҹӽΪȻϾݵڽʯȹ£Ҳֹһˡ֪󣬲û裬Ӵ˾ͺͽ歽ˡ
أŽѣ軹ֳƿ죬Ϊüˣ͵ϻת
ϵվɪ﻽š𡱣оϽȻļ˽歡
ǳ˼桢ۺ죬ݺݵصŽ正ϡˣɸ¥ϣֻŵڸ߹֮˲֮ŮȻö֮㣬䲻䣿֪֪ߣ


 16 

ԭͽֺߣһ˵Ҫޣҧ촽סˣ裬ֲ̫㣬޶˶˵ܹ״ǶͣȥҲ˵߯û
Цһ㻹ԼةǧѰɣǽѾˣҲ֪ܹɼ̲зиˣ©֮㣬˵͸֮ϵĽһ̷Ӧ
歵Ѫӿѩ׵һ̺졣
ɪѾ裬ԼˣʲôɣͰ͵ָֻܹţԼǾ׸ү𣬻Ҫƹܾأ̫Цˡﲻӭ㣬ȥأƤŲߡ
ߣɪҲǹټҹƫͽĵͼ֮˻һԸʶ䣬һ㺦ء費мص
δˣ˵̲סĿ´
歴һϮ׵ɴȹµ廨ȹںӱȥȹͬһ컣Ȼ޷ҲҡҷˡΪȣͷ߸ߵ̳Ƶķ٣бһֻ÷˫ȸӣָڰϣϴһֻ覵İӡ
һذףƶӣòȾ
ţ۹ȻǺõģһ¾ͿˣϴѺΣǼĶͨ廪й֮޲Ĳ˵ѵӣҲȵġ
ˣŶ֪ˣ正ĪʸʲôˣƤ⻻ױ磬Ҳѹ֣ò֮һǴʣüǮͲ֪ĸԩͷֱԻˡ
С󣬺˸ǰԻüֱסˣ裬ֱֱ
ֱʲô歼ҽϽţĻ˵ڣֱ
ɪڽǰָ裬ŭص裬ϽþԼóͶģö˶˵ĹŮң˵ʲô뻰̫֪ˣоø硣
ɪ⻰ڴ˴ˣòƽ˼˵󣬱ŤˣɪƨԭͰڽ歺ȣˣ㻹ǿʲôͷôҴʹ˲ǣߣ㿴˹ټˣſ˳ȾˣҷŻڸڼˣЩ˼ҵŮӻġġ
˵üǡḡһṫӴͷ˽֦ͷˣҸʲ񲻹ȸĳžյ⣬ҪҪ㣿
ǹõ忡ɫĿƮһģ
ˣԽ歰ٰģϧҸֻ̫䲻䣬̫ͳϻ̳Ͽ֣ӱһ٣ɳ롣
ʶ϶ԽְֺޣȰɫֺĸ߰
ҲͤϿۣųµʱ߹ȥֺδޣ˳һۡ
һۣͰβˡ
˼ĺ˾ǰѴƶ˵䳾ǿڲͷһƬȡ
ϣŵɫεεؽһɡ
ȴûһ£۾ֱֱضŽ正öţɣǸµ֮Ů㿴ʲô
Цصˣ裬ӷɴףݣҲǸԽȥɨҵͷ
ŮҶҲˣ˸ˣᱡŽ歺ɪļѾ߸ϽﻤסϵλӣŮȲĵطȥ
ϲмصԺ˵Ѿ߲ʲô죬
ɪվڽ歵ǰסŭιӣҲǶ֮ˣνӵĵѵ㿴ʲôأƹȥᡣ
μҵĹλɱｫҴˣϲŲںɪǸ޷ˣ游簮Ӷס
һԿ󣬺һģôţҾҪˣ㻹ܽ⽫ȥһ״𣿡
ߣ˰һززڰ͸¶һɫҡ
Ϻ޲˹ȥѽ歵˺档
ĶжԼļС˺ȵȥǼµСѾߺȥҪͽȲ졣
СǸϾˣһҲŵúܣߣȥЩѾ
ѾǾ
϶ɪҲȥرһ°ɣҶ㣬϶ÿˡ
ɪֱţϡ裬޹ֺܴյһ𣬼ֱ˶ԡٰ䣬֮ǽбӦģ
Ҳ֪ƻݱˣҲǣҲǣջɪ˻ɫɪҶٻˣ˵ҵıӦҾͿܹܲȥ
ԼСѾߺȥҵСӸҴһ٣ģеš
ɪ佫֮Ůʮ㣬޾ɫսȭͷ㵱㣿裬㣬ԼҲ㣡
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л̫ӡ

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ô˵ţֳ˹ȥץס
˺˿Ҳŭˣպ޵һֻ˭㲻ҪΣ

 17 

正Ҹ㻹ҪӺô󡣡ӣȥҪ歡
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޷ݵͬ˵ޣŨصѪζһɨκش˸ս



 18 

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ŵе͸Ӧǡ
ˡճĿת˻ŹڵϵѾߣص˵˵ǺΣһһ˵ңа©

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 19 

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 20 

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 21 

Խ紵Ǹġ
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Ѿ˴ţһο׳˶ˣôȵһ˵鲼񣬽Լ˴ͷŶʵʵģĿڶӰ档
ճ̧֣ܼҺĬˡ
һѳ˶¶òݴͣɫͷȻţһ˫ɫ۾䣬Ȼһ˺ӡ
ٺЦǻĺ̫ˣһ
ճ˸ӿ͵ƣòˣ롣
һִɣٹ죬ǽĻʵ۾ͻңʱȻ棬ʲô飬Ҫ͵͵ң·緶ˡ
ճؿ˰һ̸ۣһʽף˵ɡ
۾һ¶˽թĿ⣬ȻˬʵЦ⣺ȻңϡһȥԺڲﴵһˣһ£Ҫʲô̫ҿɲУϣ㶼飬Ǽֵúܣ𣿡
˵֮ͶѣֻǲԼ֣Ͼø˼ӡճ΢΢һЦ
֮£ЦȴǱġ

ڵϣŲܻʺ֣СΪָͿϷɻ֭Һ
ܻʺְֻϸָ׳ģˮһ㣬ȥṬֻҪۡ
ſײɽ¯㣬͸¯Ŀ϶УܻʺƺҪ˯ˣ΢΢۾
ĸ󣡡κ˵˽ּ졣
̵Ĺ𱻾һ£һɻ֭˲ܻʺֱϡɫ䣬еĶŲܻʺƴߵͷ
ܻʺ۾ƳһǹطԸûûصĶȥʮźˡ
̱ڵϣСţ̫ܿ͹ˡ
κؽ˵ܻʺϥǰĸĸһҪΪŮ
ܻʺϣһùΪ֣һĵصôˣզզģ˵ٴˣŮҪׯǣ㶼Ҫˣѧص㡣
ҲҪˣҲŲҪ޸Ǹճκ˴ſǻ񣬶ҿڳԣֱǸ˼һҡ
סڣܻʺӣȻһϺȡ
κ˴һ£᣺ĸʲôң
ǹ֮سҴ˫ͽǴ㸸ʶԳµʶӦϲϲǣֺ˭˵ЩǴ˶Уǰ׷㸸ʵһ⣿ܻʺɫ
κ˱Ųܻʺȣĸǹɵһ۸ңⲻ˸ʺĸ𣿡
ܻʺְѹ̫඼ȥˣȻ̾һκ˵׷ʲôˣȺ˵˵
κ˿޿ذѽȥָ˵һ飬ĩ˺޺޵صȻ˵ĿףϹҺˡ
ܻʺְ˰ͷãôţ㲻ϲȥ㸸˵ָˡ
ҪκʶؽƾʲôҪøǣҲ
ǬκŮɫôˣڵ֮⣬ʱھ͸̣ǻһһɣ֮⣬ֻһ½ɵˡ
ʶΪһκӵŮ治̫࣬Ӻǲܻʺǹ
еĵսһκ˶ǹʱòܻʺ˵ܲζ
ܻʺЦһָͷصشһŮĶͷ㲻ҪøԼú룬û㵽ȥҸɫķ
˶٣صο˵㸸УŮδرȵĳӣִȥֻ㸸㣬˵޹ȥʱ޶ˡ
κӶԼŮԶϸģ˸ʮ㣬κ˱ηҲֻҵܻʺǰ
ӣǺѲɣҾ˼Ұ۸ˣ
˵òԣûأͿʼԴףͨҲˣʲôˣᱻСŮң
ܻʺƵصʵ㣬ǽŮǵ㸸ʣһµˣΪ˽ŮδػӦºĻ£ͷϣҪضͷ˵ܿ𣿡
ĸһѵҪﳼ֮Ůǰ𣿡κ޷ޡ
ļˣˡܻʺŮСҷˣһûûݵū澣ʲôֵ㵣ĵģǸ佫սʱ򣬽ּҺլվ˽ŸҪʰϣ׾ٵ顣
κ˾죬Ƶصǣճңܡ
ܻʺ̾ˣԭˣ㿴㸸ʴΣ
ĸ󡭡κ˲̫һشˡ
ʵܻʺҲҪŮشԼЦһ£㸸ʶʼղ䲻ȵģǣأվʤİǸϣȵŻʺλã£ĸŮ˲ĽңⱲҲֵˡˣĿԶһ㣬ٹ꣬ͻ֪ʲô鰮Ȩƺ͸ǰֵһᡣ
ܻʺȻ˵ţκȴеؾĸ׵ʹһҵĳšκ˰ҷƢסĸף֡
ܻʺŮˣ칬磬˵ʹţҲʱȥƣСغһ£ҹҪˡ
ǡκֻܵӦŵˡ
ǲģͷĬ˰Σҧ正ŰɣҪ



 22 

Ƹƣͨҫùͬһ㣬Ľ߶ɼӲߣϼɴӸ߸ߵĵּĻ֮ٴѣӰԼ
κӸ֮ϣǸϾڳǰġܻʺĺ󷽣ϴŶׯеЦݣǡôس嵭κѹȸС
ŻʹһоϵκӼ
ͻʡHǱ˲壬Թԭĺݡӽʼһֱбڱݣּ֣ܺҾӹ
⼸걻ճúǲң֮ڧϣһ飬ļλͷһ£˵ɺɴͣ˴αרǲʹǰݽԼ
κӵǻþ͵õһݴ񣬲ֵ⣬Ϊ书֮٣ռ룬ǣҲ¶º͵Ц⣺λԶˣԱΪλӷϴҹ顣
л֮ˡ
ʼˮ㱻ΪƣŨľƮɢڿУѬ
˾Ʊңңճ⣺ִɣѵȾƣҾһǸ溺ӡ
ճɫƽ𻰣ֻǾٱһ
ǱƣЦ˵ҪˣöˣعһҪ˵Ҫһƥֻױ̣ܲ
ɺĳӣãȻǻĹ
κվڲܻʺԼҧˡ
ճ΢΢Цһ£ҽҪȢõĹҲҪŮˡ
κϽߵЦôҲƲס·һš
Ǳ߰ź̾һϧðɣˣ׵ʱҪȥһƺȣ˳㿴ǸõĹﵽʲôģ
κ˴ӲܻʺشӰǰָ̬ţߵճǰһƣ˴Ҵãִ˹û游ʺĸһ˿ɷ˱
ʤˡճģʲô
κһ£Цݽסˡ
ܻʺæٻ־Ҫˣĸһۿ
κŭصܻʺߡ
ܻʺ󰵰ץһκ˵֣ץʮҪ۽˳ܻʺĿ˹ذʹˡ
Ļ֮һ輧裬ǵ֫ϸطѩȻ̬֮
˽ƹ裬һƽĺù⾰
һϣվߵм䣬κһȭĻʵ۱£ղŵʮֺÿǺо仰ҲǱһ֪ʵ۱ǷӦʣ
κϴһ˿ưЦ⣬ܺõԼʹ߿ˣ޷
һֻӱ䣬̻¶ŰţţٺһЦ¶ɭɭݣǲʿ죬øλǻʿӢˡ
Ȼǻ֮񣬴ײϽ˶Ц조̵͡͡úࡣ
ػһܣ˵ļЦ˿Ϊ⣺ǲԭϵĺӴƾ˵Ǻҵľơֻ¸ҵˡ
ĿɨˣκҲ̫࣬κǱߡ
°΢̧ǱǸ̫ӵ£ҪҪұһ£ǻʵ۵ĶӣǿɺĶӣһġ˵ʵҶǽǲģҸһͣ˵ǵսʿҪٴˣҿ˭
һκŵеλ󳼣һ¡
ֻճĮ𣺡ǵ̫Ӻçǲ֮ͬв˶֣òƤ⡣ˣȥľưɡ
κŭǺ
κӿճһۣһԵļʺȻôɫĶɣȻ޵ĶӡΪĶӡôһ˲䣬κӾдʹѾܶûйˣҹǾƺȵö˰ɡ
κӳ̫ӣȥͰдһ£ÿ˶Ǵжķʧ
κսĶȻһԱ佫ҲŸᵶκһҲ಻סվ볡С
κΪʾķ緶ѡ˻ʳдʹţ輧ּȥ󣬵пճһƬ̡
κվ롣
еţ;ȼţž졣
ܻʺеǣתͷ̫͵͵طԸ˼䡣̫ȥһԭڵһӽˣڳߣŵضκͰ
һЦްֺɭҰޡ
ڽǰİ񿴹ȥԵú³çʵǱԭǿսʿ׺ݵǣɺɵӡ
ϧκ֪Ǵ鿿˰
ͨһ죬ýİϵľƱһ£һˮ
κˤ˵ϣûӦԼôµġ
߸ߵϣκӱɫߡһܻʺľۡ
ѻȸ
ص˼֪ôҲԣûס֣̫ӣˤҪҪҷһѣ
κѹžʹҧӵҲ͵Ϯ
𻰣κȭ˹ȥ
˲ܣ̧ӭϡûʲôڵʽǿٶȺѹһС
ءһ˵ȭͷײһ
κһľһ˲·ʧȥ֪ſ죬ûüкٿȻſָȭΪצץסκ󣬲һᡢһκһˤصؽҵ˵ϡ
κ泯죬ʱž۵Ŀ̹ǣƺһ㣬죬ҽгݶҧˡ
ܻʺ쾪
κӼ΢һ£ְסˣɫࣺˣΪֹȥ
ͽĽϽȥκ
κŽ֣һһ
վȻκЦһ¡ĵƹ£ЦŶһЦ̵֮תȥлҪ˵ҽ֪̫ʲôģˣٺ٣ȥʹ˵˵˼ġ
κ۵÷Ҳ÷Ȼһŭƿ˲Ľ޷˳ƴӽγ嵶ͷĺԡ
ӹ˾
Ժȴ¶һЦݡ
κĵ˰ĸ첲ϣͬʱɽźɨһߵκϥϡ
Ĳҽʮִǹ˹ͷѵ
κ߶ûһ浹£Ѿ˹ȥ
󵨣κİҲ֪˵κ
ܻʺ󾪻ʧ˹ȥе̫ҽ촫̫ҽ
Լ첲ϵ˿ڻʹУѪָһĽʮңʹŵѾΧ
һ뷢԰׵Ļǰκӵϥ£ְأĺ˵ú⹬˶Ľʵ۱£ǴңԶıԭɺһ⣬ϣֵһ㽻áǸˣȻ˺˽̫ӣʵ۱ºݺݵͬԴһ㣬ǺԹԡ
κΰڰ֣֮ε͵ϮܾˣĿ֮½涪˸ɾ
κӰݺأ˻ʵ֮ϲŭɫ˿̵ɫȴǳѿ޲õκͰһվһ֮ͳ˰죬һ䣬ŭȵ磬
һ磬ǲɢҺ˳
κţ̧˻ȥ̫ҽǺܿ͸˹
ԭΪֻŤ˽Ƥ⣬̫ҽϸ쿴һ󣬾ֵػ˻ʵۣ̫ĴָϥǵĹͷȫѣ´޽Ҳ޷ԭҪм
ܻʺԣʹȥ

 23 

κӼץʹһ˵ȣǣȥպֶֿ顣
ȴԭ˻ʹûзݣǴŴҹˣҲ֪ôƭ˳ţ׷ȥʱӰӶˡ
κŭ컹δѾʥּ˺˺̸֮Լʮսַ
ս±ΪְϽڼκӲʹة𰲵ļƼ£󽫾¹Ϊ˧
¹ǲ𰲵ǲܻʺıܻ֡ʺ޿ǰȥһҪ˻׼ն´ء¹ӦС
ȻڵǱ߹еѾֽ̫ŲмϢ͵͵ɢ˳ȥҰΪ֮𶯡
գгд࣬κмȫ䴢֮£Ӧ̫塣
κӲҪһὣ·̫ӣӶ˵Ѫѣû̫飬˳ˮ۵˴ǵ롣
գκ̫֮λΪ

ָ歵ķУճϾŲ衣
ӣһ⼸ճ͢ľƣĩ˻κѾǨ˶̫ҽǶ̷ţ˵
ճ豭Ż˰ϣ赭дصãұǽһϵģһκˡ
۾ԲԲģ壬㡢˵ʲôأ˰̫ӵµȴ𣿡
еѾ۹۱ǣǹģδš
Ծģʮֿɰ۾ȥˣգţĽëСˢһţõ
ճ΢΢һ̧֣Ѿߺͷȥ
ԭߣ歾һ㣬صˣ֪̫ӵˣԳȥˡ
ճһ֣Ͱѽ歵СץסˣСССġģʵ۶һ㣬ճ᲻Ҳ᲻÷ſ
֣ص˵ˣκѾ̫ˣУǲҪлһ
Ť˺ü£Ҳܰѳʱ۾ͻˮģճʲôأ۸˾ˣԼһҲŸˡ
綯Ķܽµķö
ճ͵͵ЦţãҾ
üĿ䣬ȴô
ǺڵؽĿתˣٶ࿴һۡ

誴ݵ񻨵ĽϻһԷ
ܼҴվ⣺ǽϱ¥͹ģ˵ǼҴʦΪģʽϲ
Ǵģơ¥Ůϣħ裬һŰΪ¥£֮䣬羫»ɶ칤֮
ŽТڣζɫģⱦ¥Ǿһ¥ӲǰһݻĿʽ
誱ҲǸŹ㣬۹һȣռⷢҲֻо̾ķݶ̫ƯˣǷջʥŵӵµͼȻȫûʥϣҲСˣ㿴Ůѣ硢˵ľտ
вŮ֮ƣǼʶ㲩һ۾Ϳнġ
ܼǱЦ˵ǣ¥ƹ˵ˣʦµͼĦһ£ſʼԷˣǶϲϻ˼ֻǾǹүŻ˾ġ
ڸ歵ѾߣҲ˼Լָƹļεָ½ԡ誡֮
СĵؽǷȡ˳Ů΢΢ƮȻ̬֮Ľֶе㷢ū澸Ͽɡ
ˣŻȥɡصجΣﶼţµԽˣµĲ˲
誻˵ĴѾѾ˹طԸ誣ɣζȥˣһҲûʲôرϡġ
ǡ誴ס
ϾϸԽʵôˣƲֵģﲻūȥѸƽɺã
Դߴչ˲ܱϳѾ͸Ǹˣֱ޲ʱʱ歹
һ£ҡͷûʲôͷ֪̫ˣеᡣ
ܼһţϵСʧְˣԵȣϽ˰֪˶ץߣٲᳳŹ
ֻһ˵û뵽ܼҾ͵ߵߵˣжвס
̾һ֧￪ʼˡ
һͽؿʼСȥ
һŲԷˣأ˵˵
СѾߴ˽ˡ
ۺʱЦеģ£˵ĺͰס
歾ϲӭȥԷˣôҲҳȥӭ̫ʧˡ
Я˽歵֣ܵ£ҿʲôأŶòô𣿡
һ½歵СЦɫÿˣչ˵òǾҷˣҪԵ㶫೤Ȼ㿴СϸģһҪˣɾؿຮӡ
歲㱻Ǻסˣ꼱æǰһѾ֦衣
歺һڲ裬˳˳ŻԷˣ˵ʲôأҲ̫ס
Ȼճû˵𣬵ǵĻҪ̻ˣȻҪߵġķ򶼺;ǴһǼҵȥǼҲܲӦ˼Σɲúú׼һ¡
סˣŻعͷСԭƺһΣǡҲȥһ㶼ߡ
ıģίַŭ
ϿŽ歵ı飬̾Լ˵⾰˭أȻȥһ㣬ƷԶ˷ɣδǺùޡ뿪㣬Լȥ
һƬģ歲òҲ⣬ǿЦһ£ˣԷˣ˵ԽҪ𣿲֪ļҵĹиŮ
˵ϲ󣺡ҽǹճϲģҼʮҪˣ޸ٽѦҵѦ٣ճͻȥģΪ˰£㵽ʱһϲơ
˵ʲô歶ˣԼĶ죬һƬңƺкܶණһӿϸĥȴһƬհסԼ˵ԽҪ޸Ѧ̫ˡ
ͬ⡣
лҪ˵һŴε鼮оһֻԽ̨ͤ¥ŮС˶ʮء˵Ȥִ󼰵ġ

 24 

˲ԣס˽正ôˣɫ̫ˡ
Ҳˣһ£⺢ӣһΪöˣӹǻôҹûҸúõһԭͷӣǸˣ
æеģһֱڸŷţ̫ҽҲʱʱ˵ѾöˣҲ֪ΪκȻūȥˡ
Ҫ歽ס꣬ɫҰף촽ʳźɵĻɫǿصҪдû¡
Ϊѵؿһۡ
΢΢ЦЦݴ˵᣺û£ԷˣæŰϲ£ɱΪҲģỹҪ˵ϲأԽ˸ɾ̫Ľˣá
ϼΣöţϸĵض˼䣬͸ˡ
վҵǰѴйһ¡
ȴѵõطСӣɴ̺ͷ˭Ҳ
ֱϵʱճ
˽歵Σȥ˴ӡ
һţСüͷһǳģѾ˯ˡ
ҹ˯ȥƸһ㵭¹Ӵķ޼䣬ˮࡣ
ĺȻʮڴߣʵ¹£

ʮ죬ʱճֳȥˣǺæµ
ڸ߶ϢҲͨ͵͵ظ߽正˵Ļڽˣ͢񲿵ĹԱѾһУ͵ӭݣԼæȥˡ
ԣɫֻǵģûʲôӦ֪ˣɫѵһ٣պ󲻿ڹǰҽͷϳͲ
ѵˣ¶˲ڵɫĬȥȥ԰ɢġ
СѾ߸Ͻȥ
歶ԼҵͥԺϤģߵ˺԰еǿʯ¡
ʯǵ꽪ϳʱµģѾʮָߴ󣬿ͥԺǽߣԽǽͷȥ
ƻ𣬺ҫۡ
ȥɣһʯŵȹϡ
ճ壬ҪǶʯ񻨣ȥժ
ժֶţ䣬Ǳߵķ󡣡
ĸϾСˣѾͷĻҪ̣ˣԴԺֱȥŲҽ㡣
ڶ죬ʱ򣬾Ϳ϶˻ʯ񻨣ӳ峿չ⣬ҫۡ
ʱܹãصǰԶǳ
̾Ϣ
ʱ˻ƻ裬ˣƹشǱѹ˹Ҫˡ
ҿڿʣõ廨ۣȥȡ歺ȻеСѾߵ
СѾ߶һۣһ˹ǣԵȣū
ȹСȥˡ
ɫԽԽƵʪضѻڿУѹĿЩܡ
µǸСѾȰˣȻȥɡ
Ҿš歱òصҾЩ䣬ȥȡһѹ
СѾ߲ҵ½ˣǿǵϽӦŵţɿܻȥˡ
ѾߵӰʧˣҧҧ촽ȥǿʯ
˼£е㻬ʼòϾ歸ɴЬѵˣֻŰɫࡣסɣֽŲãһһزȥ
ϾСʱɹӪȻܶûˣôûķϵƲƤһ㺹ȥ
ʯͿǽ׳ŵӣ֦СŲȥſǽͷϡ
ǽַĺסĴȨٻ˼ңȻ徲ʱҪˣҲûʲô߶
һ£ֵͷ˿
ǽͷĪԼһɸߣ˸£е־壬ݺһҧ۾ǽͷȥ
ڡ˵ϡ
һĵۣ歼ҪʧУһֱҧţҪҧˣӲذȥˣһᶼûе
歲Ҷ̫ãʱᷢˡǽڣѵվŤ˵Ľһȳһյˡ
ͷٿȻըһףˮ£ʯ仨ܿ챻ˮˣһۼ

µúܴضһƬĻУĺŵڵСȥڱʱԳϲա
ν񣬻ƻ񣬽׵Ķ鵽ٽĴſˣϲؽ˳ɡ˻ֵЦ
ĵ߸ߵĻţˮԵ÷ۡ
ѦٴСΪɡļʪˣģܲɴº͵΢Цŭ⣬˭˶ҪǸεɹ١
ĵ˵أɵֳ˻Ρ
ѦתҪӭȥһȻסˡ
ֵͷ߹һȺ֮УҪûˮУѦȻһ۾
ǣǣһ̲ǡ
ˮʪˣͷϣڷһֻʪëСӣǱֿ
һѪӿѦٵӣҪȥҪһеرȥӵ뻳С
ǣĲӸո̧첲ͱסˡ
ĸףٽѦԲ֪ʱ˳εס٣ҪʲôȥӭӣʱҪˣ˰óס
ףǱߡѦʹصҲܲ
ΪʲôҪȢŮѦҧгݵʵԼͷӦף٣ΪѾֻʵʵȢòȱһڹϣʲôѰ·𣿡
ҡѦսȭͷǽڶۣͷŭ˲˫ĿһƬ졣
٣ĸףѦԼѦٵɫԣϽѹȵУңΪ㸶ʲôĴۡ
ȻͳһıܣԵ𣿡
ƺˮ۾ʢסҪ
Ѧ١ʵκӳǿб۾ǹȥٿŽ正۾ʱѾعͷתۼ䣬ƺǸ湫ӡ
ǣףҴˣ׸ôΪҵġԼ侲˵
ȥЦԽнӹǣŮ˽Ϊӡ
껹ţ·©һ㣬ͣЪ


 25 

ԶԶؿ˴ӵǸߵӽȥˣ૵ص磬㲻Ҫ𣿡
µôûУż
źۣ׵Ĺͷ֪ǲŤˣʹ˷˫˿ĥˣŽű·ϣ۵ĽŵѾ˺ۣÿһе⡣
֪ʲô֧Լһ·˴˴ĳ磬ȻһӱˣҲվȣڵϡ
߽ȥˣûٻͷ֪Ѿٻصǰ
סڴעĽͷޡ
ɫĺģģʲôȢ׵Ѿˣ·ָϽ߶ȥˣûǸɪɪĹ
·һ㣬һпš
ٵĽŲ̤ˮи˷Ҳߣ˽歵ǰͣ
Ǹ˵ص̾һظһ㡣
һɡƵ˽歵ͷϣΪסꡣ
ˣޣһؼҺ𣿡Ǹ˵ᣬ͸˱뽪歵ĶС
̧ʵۣճǰ
ղŴԼܵúܼڻؿھҵţͷʪˣ֪껹Ǻûмģƽʱô侲ȣ·̩ɽǰҲᶯݡ
Ϊ˿̣ǴеĴֻ͵ǡ
һֻ֣ӵ뻳Сţ䣬ˮͣ·ҪܻĻС
ĶޱߵұɱѦ٣ңȢǣҵı÷е㲻ˣѹȻĻ̲סȥɱѦ٣֪ڼʵÿҪˡ
ƴҡͷҪҪӦˣҪɱ
ôޣ𣬱Ϊ˿Ҳӵյ֫Ҫˡ
ĵؿţƫҪޣ㺦ģҺ㡢Һˡ
ãҲãԣˡճ
ɫٽ˱ԼֵĻЦŵƽʡϲ󣬶ڱУֻճѡ
Һ㣡ţȻίˣͷһҧסճļ
ҧôССݴ͸ѣҧסļ⣬ѪȵζĿǻǸȵ¡һ㶼ɿڣҧţ˺ǿⶼҧ
һļ
ƺһ㶼ۣͷ۵̾ϢţҸôأ

һȫˣѾ¡
˴歳գ°ͼһԲѾʧˣһöཱུӣȥɬʼζ
ָСѾߴˮÿˣϧصǰӺòĶ⣬ָݻȥˣϧ²ˣɵöԵߵŮҶΪҲ֪ʲôǱߣǷŮϲ
ֺĿɲÿҲŲҪοһ㶼ݣáš
ǣֻݣãˡЦ
СѾ߰ˮ˹ҩ˽ȥƺãȻ̽ݽš
歵ŵǽʱˤˣ˵ǽŤˣ˰µʯͱոս⿪һҩ
ʢѾˣûôȣŽҲܣůġ
˺һԭֻѩ׵ĽѾӶ˷ۺɫ歳ҩòɾ
߲ʰãǱճͽˡ
е죬Ͻһ˿¶ĽŸסˡ
ʶȤشСѾ˳ȥˡ
歾ճģȥʶе飬ͷСص壬ȳȥһôӻûء
ճߣڴͷˡ
һ£˿ȥ¶Ľֺͷģ͸һһķɫСɾ£ԲԲָ׾ͺ鱴Ƶġ
ճֹȥһץס˽ұߵĽס
ʲô歵Բ۾
ճ˵ץŽ歵Ľţ˹ͬǯһ㣬ýһ㶼á
歾ʧ룺֡֡
ճĽѾ̧𣬺ȻһͷҧסĽֺͷ
ˤڴϣҪг
ҧĽţ׺ּУܸоƤ˺ţ͸˹ͷ˵Ұ޵סҪ븹
ŵüҪ޳ˣۣۡɿڣҺݣҲûʲô⣬ҪңҲóԡ
ճݹڽ歵Ľֺĥ£ԸԳؿӶ΢ɿһҧǺͷһ¡
߳ܵȫҪˣرұߵĽţճ̫ˣĽֺͷҪڻˣ̴ģָоݹƵսš
̫ˣζãҪһ㣬ȻٳԵ
ճ鶼Ǳģ歷ֲŻ˻ģһ
ճҧһĽֺͷŴӿз˳
ʪմҺ죬޲ιȥ
ճڸң֪Լ𣿡
歵СԴγģһ£սսصҴˣ첻ҧ㡣ˮĴ۾ճһۣίصղҲҧңƽˡ
ճҪЦˣóһŽӲӵĶ
ડһ死ûӦҽŵĽױסˡ
ʲô־ŭ
һӣĪԼСָϸ˴ʮ־£οյ֦ȥͬһ㡣
ճ𻰣һ˴ϡ
歼ˣʹקһ£Ӷ죬ʯ֮ɷöȴεס
һΣ֪Լ𣿡ճ
歵ᡢǿûдôңô۸ң㡢ֱˡ
ճվãͺúһ룬״ûͨٺ˵
һ䣬תȥ
ߡ
歴ӴϷűţҽֱסˣŲͰˣڵϡ
ճĽŲסˣ΢΢ס
壬ߡſڵϣ̧ͷͰ͵ҽ⿪ҽ⿪ҲҪ
˵ĵģ۾ٵˮҪ
ճҪ˽һۣͬҹɫһ˵
ΪһסȻãȴǲ˶ȥ
ճˣ󣬷ŭؽ

лҪ˵ŻһСӣһģϾͷˣߵһȤζѡ
һ˸еĲˣȫСȤ۵ˡ

 26 

ϵʱź歵ڰסӲͷƤȥճ
ճܿ͹ˡ
ѾǹһأధţٳԵɣο̣Լ壬Ƕô죬Ҫҩˣǿɿˡ
ڴǴϥǣ۾ģͱյýģһԡ
ճһۣ˰ϣѾˡ
һ춼Է𣿡ճǵĮġ
˰ͷڵϣػЩǵģﲻԷˮȣҲ˵
ճûʲô飺ȥһʵķ
Ǳ֪βԣͱˣһԸȥƬ̣ڵķ˾Ͷ
껹ȥһ˲μѾ˴ˣŨ㣬˴ͷСϡ
ճһ̧֣ظϽȥˡ
ճڴߣôͷСƽصȰˡ
歴ӱ﷢ССġߡȥ
ճɫص㲻Ҫιˡ
ڰĿ˹صǲ
ճ룬һڣȴڿУȥһŽ歡
۾źɫĻ档
歱Ŀ⿴ëȻǸѩĹͻȻʶճͼһУ˹ȥճе룬߶µصҺȡϺȡԼȡ
ճذǿȥءһźζΪʲôιأ
歱һȵøˣԼǺˣۡһܵؿ
ճ̽ȥһְ룬һĺ󱳣ôˣˮᣬҪûչ㣬ô죿
歱̩Ȼ޳ðֲҷίίغ룬Сݰҧÿ죬һô۾޺޵صճ
ճ̲סЦˣӽߣʲôأСİԼĵˣ˵Ҫ©ģǿ̫ѿˡ
歱죬ŽӵĽճӶ졣ĿʾģԹ
ճΪȥԷ
歸һ¡
ճһץסֻݵСšѾ࣬űޣָĽġ
üҪЦʹɿذѽ˻
ճٶŪȥߣ˽һۣĿⱥ壺ԷҪ˵ڶ顣
Ǻǧͳ˧ʱս
歺ûͷȥԷ
ǸӳԼ߳ߣýСΧ߶ѾѷƵǰˣȥ룬һ±ӣί
ճ鵭ģӣһֻϺʼеǰСԡ
ضĶŴ֮˻̹װġ˼ƬʵİٺϣҲ򵥣˿ϺʡǡзƱټһʶǽհԵġ
ܲˣͷֱʲһڡ
ճҲżصһĹѷ꣬ҾͿһ°ӽ⿪Բ꣬һ¡
ĩֲһ䣬úóԣǺˣһȡ
歼ҪˣճһۣĹĵس
ճϾغһߣʱʱһӲˣϺ࣬ҲҪģȻ
Ҫһ䣬Ҫι𣿡
歵ӹĹĵģһǳԵģһģŭԣܲأл壬Լԡ
һĹˡ
ѾǽʰӣŽ˿ڣ˳ȥˡ
歰ѽ۰Ͱ͵ؿճˣҽ⿪ɡ
ֻ˵һ£δŵһ⿪ճ̬
ˣԶţǾΪƭҡ
ұǾӣƭֺηճ˷½ɫȻ˵֪Լ𣿡
歷Щ£ȴһǿɫͱյýģ
Сֽ־ճЩû취Ҫѵôһڣﻹܺݵ
ճ̲ס歵ͷ歡ߡһͷƫˡ
͵͵ȥǽͷԼĽŶˤˣһ·ʲôˣһŮָԴе㣬֪ǺѦٳˣȥûѦвһǶ㣬ԼҪںδԵԷ𣿡ճ˵棬ɫŭ⡣
䣬㲻£Ҿ㶮£֪һֱţҿպܡ
歴һ£ۿСỨһһСĵذȥ૵صûҪΪԽ㣬ҡֻ̲סȥһۣˡҾˡ
ҧҧ촽̧ͷճװͰ͵ص㲻ҪǰѦ٣ˣʲôҲˡ
ճЦһ£ϴǵ׮ڵĵӿɱԭˣٲܽһҾ㽫ԼҪȥˡ
歵ĵҲͱС΢һ㣬ôһŻСˣͷɥصðɣʹˣˣ壬Ұɣң𣿡
ճЦһԭǴϴ˾ͷŹ㣬̬ⷬʮֲãָˡ
Σӵʡ
ճ˵ȥƬֻ˱īֽϡ
ϴдһ飬֤ٷŹ㡣
дʲô歵۾գգëһһСˢõġ
ճĺ˹СЩȣԼҪһĳ嶯ҪͷܰŻȥˡ
ı飬˵д
ԥ˱ʡ
ճڽ歵Ķߣĺķޣе̡е
ȼճ֮ԸΪޣ벻ɽꡢغϣ಻˾ݣ⣬ʸ־塣
歵ͶųһСԲһ£ߵؽأ˭дҪ                        
лҪ˵Ԥ֧֣̫Ϊǰū
1.
Ǳ߹ؽ֮ŮһʱһֻһΣū
Ȼūǿ׳ܸɣɱСº㣬˴ˡd(**)/
ūܶˡ
ֻ򡣩d(XnX )/
2.
̫ӺسԨѪᣬӱ߹ػˣҰηǡ
ָĺسԨΪūӡ
̫ӵ·̣ܴ裬ɱˡˣƽϡеֹһ㣬Ҫ
3.
ǹŮ̫ģ˭ҲܵһˣԵ顣
˭һתۣȴ̫ӷΣһ¹㽿衣˾
̫ӣÿ춼뱻Сһ¡(   ) 

޸ǰ
1.
лĬ׶ףֻ޸ţĬҲһӵˡ
ǰ˵Ե
ⱲȴˡΣࣺ̣֡
л̲ŲΪߵҵģֱҡ
2.
ɮΪɷǣԸл̡
Ķϱ˶ѡ
ֱǰڴסսˮ
زҾΪһӡ
룬ΪΪѪս
˺Ϊ㣬ָΪ㡣

 27 

ճڽ歵, ֳסǸƣ·𽫽ӵڻһ, һߵľ, Ϣͬӿĳˮ, Ҫѽûȥ
ддǲдҾͰֺֻֻһ, Ȼһ, ؽͲõˡ
ģЦʵãӷҵĴͷ, Ǳܳĺĺԣۿҡۿ, Զֻһˡ
, ʮ֮, 歼ֱëȻ߶µص, ҡҡд, Ͼд
ճһ͵͵Ц, ͷ˿ͬƶһ
ִʣܿ찴ճ˵д, ͷݸ۾ҿ
ճӹһۣ˶ֽ㣬Ц𣬿ȽϲӣҪԲĻǷģн˹
дˡ歽Ͱ͵ص
ճӻͳһСȡһֽ򿪣ȻͷŽдһڵϡ
㵱ϲıʼ𣿡ճƺ̾ϢǰˣСУĪ˵հҳ𣿡
һ鷨ʦŮȻ̳츳歲鷨˵ãһرı£Ǿģ˱ʼֻҪһ۵֣ǿݻпܷµá޷죬дֵı˶δطֵóα
꣬ճ͵ңڽϰ鷨ΪĥɷâԴˣҲûֶΣÿ첼˿ҵд𾭡Ҫ棬Ÿףճıʼ͵͵һ롣
ճ̼ǵǸʱǸƯͬһС鷿Ĵ̽ͷһֽЦеؽ壬㿴Ѿ㳭ˣҷŷݡ
ʱɫϣ۷ڣ΢ЦģͬĻʢˣ֦ͷҡҷ۾ĵĴˮܻһС
ճţԼǸʱԼŪˣʧڴ
޳ָֽģԼʼһ𣿡
ճӻͳֽȥʱճʱ뿪Ун歸дһƽš
ֻм򵥵֣
ֱʻ忡ȴڱʷ湴֮͸һɸҵ˳ֽ裬ˣǽԼճıʼ
д飬Բɰת֮ľ⣬ȥǷϽ歵ӣϧȴճ
֤ǰ歳ˣû뵽ճдţҧűͷߺز˵
ںһλᣬҵ˼ⱲӾͻˣʱôҶûáճв֮⣬ģͬˡ
歼Ҫѱͷҧˣ˺þãм͵͵̧ۿճһ£ֱŵôһ¡
ϰ죬վսϣǸӣддˣЩϹһΣ˼˵ˣŮ˵Ļֶǲģһ
ٶʣذճĻдһ飬д֮һƬ糺졣
˿ԼֺˣֹȥҪ˺䲻ճһѶ˹ȥ
ճؿ˿飬滹֡歡¶΢΢Ц⣬ܿͿסˣĿ˿ױ̨Ǳ߷һ£ȡһСӹ
֬𣿡
歿һۣԣǣƽʵõģҪӡ
ճǸСӣ̺ɫ֬࣬õ
򵥵صĨ촽ϡ
Ϊʲô歲ΣյԤףµһ¡
ĨϣԼҶְ㣿ճ侲
ʱ򣬸ûи˿ܵء
ӲͷƤӹӣСָͷ֬һһĨ촽ϡ촽ͬһĻ꣬۶ãǡôĻȣ·ҡ
Ĩ֬·һȾ˴ɫĺǻ촽Ųɬ壬𣿡
ճҹɫŨˣƺҰݷ棬飬ڿհ״һ£ݵ歵ǰ䣬Ǵһɳƣ־ݶҪӡģһ£촽ӡӸǸҡ
ٿȻվֵҪˣĽŻ΢һ۵õ
ûеϣճ־ס֫֫Ĵвţͬеϸ
ҪҪƴҡͷߵüҪ䶼ˣ㲻۸ңҪ𣿡
ճɴһ§ס正Լϥͷӱܸоõǿ׳ļ⡢Լˡ
ճô촽Ҫ歵Ķ䡣ĶСɣͬһ̬ã淺һķۺ졣
͵͵Цһ㣬ҸɴĶԵˡ
촽Ķ䡣
־սӽ歼׵β˴Ҫӿȴճεذ
ճȻҧһĶ䣬ݼģһۡ
Ŷ侪УҪҪңӡӡˣ̫̫̫ˣճ㣬Ҳԭˡ
ͷСС촽סֽӡԼĴӡõ廨ӡǣΡ
ճˣСؽۺãԭǷƽһŻ˽У뻳вغá
ֱ¡
ȷʵ۸̫ˣСӼۣ¿ɲúˣճôţɫȴܵ
ָ촽
歱ţ˶Ӳסˣ۾ôģᶼŵͣδΡ
촽ģֲָڶȡ
꣬𣬱𶯣Ҹɾճص
ָ촽ãѲ֬մָϡ
歵촽̺ģ۵ôơ
ճ΢΢Ц۾һգգضŽ正ذָջأ֬ȥ
歲ҪιȥˣڻУŵճϵϢ촽϶մζ㣬ŨȴǿķΡ
޴ӱܡ

ϵʱ򣬽歿˶ʰ
һ誽ζˣѾõȥˡ
ףһ·ȥݣԽԽ䣬·Ҫʱš
Աţ̲סʵ˵ʲôأȥʲôݣʲôʱ飿ô֪
ϱˣʹ˸ɫҲ˵¡
死̿ǲǹңʲôʱ飬˵
ʱճˣ歿ǵԼУϲ˵ˣذŤһȥ
ճһܣʰ𣿡
ӦүĶʰˣճùߵﶼˣ©
ճ֣ˣǶɣͷˡ
歱Ѿûճ˵ˣôһţ͸ˣʧرס˴ӣ˶ȥߣҪȥԼȥͺãҲȥҾҪԼĶȥ
˵ڵĵطļңھҪؼȥճº͵Ž歡
ҪƴҡͷȥȥͲȥ
ճʧǿӲؽ歵ִӴһѽᱧǵССĿܶԲëѡ
塣歾סճ죬ҵļң㣬ߡ
ճĽŲһ£ڽ歵ͷһǣлʱһСסլԺһһֱΪţǣǲҪؼˣ£ߣ۵㶼ú¡
ҪҪ歿ధţǱճ˳ȥ
ԺĽֵͣʮ׽𵶵ڳߣֵסˡ
ȵۣޱȣĳų޻ƣĽǴɫˮաֱѰĿıϹźƤƥߴսͨףûһ˿ë񿥽˶
ճ歱˳ϣ¡
死
ճǲҪӰ
һ½Сˣذ˫ʮָʲһίص壬ΪʲôҪ۸ңҺ𣿡
ˮ۾ֽճܾܾ
̾һصϥǰθߴ࣬Ȼƣɳ˵䣬ȴС´ġ
Ϊʲôôң֪ϣ˺˾㣬ڵĵط㰲֮
歵֣һָһһȻСУͷָ⡣
𣬸ߣѡֱֽĹңֻҪ죬ͻᱻ۸ʱôأ
ֻ۸ģÿΰ۸ˣٺģ
ճôţ΢΢Ц
ЦݿȥеΣյĸоҪȴץýģܴˣýһ£ŭˣԵҼֱ˵ԣӽ쿪ʼҲ˵ˡ
ƵĻǰҲ˵ļǲ̫á
ճɿ˽歵֣˳ͷˣ𣬲֣Ҫ·ˣмҪݣóˣΪ㲡ˣֵ˺ö죬·ҹ̣е࣬ŵ㡣
˳˽һ
ӿһ˰⡣
ѾˣľؿԶңԶĵطŸϢƶֻԶ
ʼҵĳѾڳȺ˶ʱκȵüһŰѷ̵һ³ȥȥ̽Ρ
ʥ͹޵ɽŹĽҲе㲻á
̵ĴӣϴӹнӭԺ󣬾Ȼ־ֱظȥʰװˣѹ˳⡣
Ѿ˴ˣɽŭضѻûȥʣֻܲͷš
̫ԽԽߣöġ
ڴӰпĳӳˣɽϲҪӭȥ
ʱ򣬴ԶϵĴ㶼ñܿˡƺƵĽǱ߱۶̷ɫڷչǴĽɫ֡֡
ɽƾһϣ΢һ¡
ĳٿȻӿٶȣս߰˻㼲Ķһ𣬺ͣٵسԶ
ɽɫ䣬ӺݳǶ飬УԵȡ
һƫģ˲ͣɽ΢һ֣̬ȿȴûʲôζɽˣҼҹүҪһܵȺͬͷɽһ·ˡ
ɽɫ࣬ƿڴнУӲذŭѹȥǿЦһ£кҪܱ¸Ҫ֦Ҷ½ݣܲԻͣ˵ȥϺͻʺ󽻴
ƫǸӣһЦɫȥԵʮˣܣΪ˵ҲүԻݳǹݣɽ˿ɱ𵢸ˡ
˵գԵͷȥˡ
ɽ˰죬εתȥⷬһһʮضκˡ
ճֱ̫κ˷ŭؼ
ˤСĲҽ
ŷԱߵ̫͹Ƕײ
һһСѪܣ̱ڵϡ
һ˿մѪ
κ˵Ѿָ侲ˣɽˣǾ͸ȥɡ
ɽӦŵǡ

ҹͣһ·򱱷ȥ
򽥽ľһһȥԶĵƽϣΡĸɽɽĺɫݷڲãؼ䣬ͬ˯ľޡ
ϵֲˣֻӥţঽУ͸
š
ӶƵģƽȣϻźţƤΪţƤÿһڳҲô
·Ϲ˿һ£歽ϵҲѾˣеסˣʱʱ̽СԴ۰Ͱ͵һ¡
ճ˹Ž正Ѿ߳Ǳ߽磬ĵƽ̹ҪҪ͸Ҵ
ͦɣװȴûдͷ紵ĺڷڷзӢ˲
ˣȥֱӢôۡ歡ߡһˤ뿴
һ͵͵ذһ죬˳ȥ
ճߣͽ歵˸ţ歵һ¡ճһ̧ʾ⣬סˣͣ˳ӡ
ճҲ˵ֱӴӳϰѽ歱
ƥɫսִָ󣬻عͷһǣѽ歵Űˡ
ҪУǵõ˵ճ˵ˣӰ촽ҧýģһԣȴûճС
ճǺСأƽԭš
ճֻŽ歵֫°Ͷͷϣ̲סһ¡
ˣԼͷ׵ճһۡһۣ֪ʵǴ١
ճ͵͵ЦȻһº׷һ˻
неǷһͳĺٿȻӿٶȡ
ǧƥսٱţͬɫĳˮϯҰƽԭԶ¹ŵˣʧرܵԶԶȥ
ӶߺХ䣬ȴһˬʵĸоôңԶôȺɽӣһ·ȥǰûоͷ
һӲĻȻôǸȴůģСֱͦ壬΢΢ͷһָζǱϢ
ϲ𣿡Ϊ̫ճڽ歵Ķ˵
¶ɬɫҧ촽شϲȴ
ݣҿԽȵʱ򣬲ԭϵܳˣҴȥԣЩǳȺӵһƬٱҲǣӣһһѵġճЦҪץֻӻ𣬷Ǻġ
˵̲סˣ߷ߵص˭ӣ
ܵٶȽ
һֻСӣģһл
ճʮ᣺ǻŷݣݿԷɵúܸߺԶ˭ҲȲ㡣𣬵һֱңҪҴ㵽ȥ棬㻹ǵ𣿡
歳Ĭһ£ߺصŮ˵Ļǲģ㲻֪𣿡
ճЦˣͷǣ˵ģҴӦ㣬һ
ţ޷ǾҸ۸Ұˣ˵ùûʵģǰ֪ôһ㡣
ճͣڲãƽԭϣºͶ峺𣬼޸ҰɣǼ޸ңպͿԻ۸ңҲֵġ
ҪһԥûУնػص
ճûգЦһ£Ϊʲô
ϲ㡣歵ͷССص
ճź̾Ϣʲôã۹ⲻ̫áһ£µصðɣ㲻ӦʣһӦġ
ѾʼϰճĿԴɴ죬˵ˡ

ճŽһʱ۵óԲˣҪسȥͷȥǺĳӲ֪ʱѾԶԶ˺棬ֻǽճ
ճ歵ͷԣаţ¡

ƽԭϵķˡ
ԶһϿȣɽΡʣмһѹȡϿǰͣפźѹѹľ֣ռϿǰһƬƽԭһۿȥֻ֪ס
Ӿǰһ·ʵѾƹݣ˸߳ǹأ߳ǹɽ´Խ߳ǹؾǺ˵ĵؽ磬ǱһƬãļʵĴԭ
˴Ϊʮ߾Ĺذ
һƥսӾзɱӭ˹ĸϡ
˽ǰ಻϶ճһתͷ벽ճ
ճ侲ʣսΣ
ϻص࣬ǴӸδӳ¹ĵȣ߳ǺصʮʿֻӹүĹϽԳ͢Ĵ˷ŴǲĸǱ߻乤ƽԭսţѾ߰ˡ
˵¹Աճص
ǣܺͰ൱Ϊѵãϧʱ˲ãҪˡЦһҪ־͹ֻʵۣȻսɢʮݵıԸ
ճ䵭κȵ۵ǲͬû֮߶Ըңһ뻻ʮӹˡ
߳ǺʮϽκ֮ݸʮת¹£ݸĽʿ˽սꡢϵʵǴ˲ʳȨ֮⡣ճδ๣ղĿˡ
ֵʹ˺üˣ¾ӪУżúܣүҪ𣿡
ҼȴӦ˰ȻȥðԭȵԼִмɡ
˵ŻճŽ歴ϿԱߵһɽȥĪԼһʱ䣬İɽ´
ɽ´ĵʮֶأǰɽʯţ󷽽ƽ̹֮˴ͣפųһֶУšԴ
ճŽеɽ´ľͷһľ
ľԽ˿ΪǼܣɴźĲ˹ë̺˰ӺС
ճȽϰһЩȥ飬ҡ
歴𻰣ճϵﰲŵȣУý
ϱȭǡ
ճȥˡ
ԶʿǺѹѹеġ״ر𣬹۾޴ҳΪһ飬һ̧һ˿ңϣɫļͷ͸ɷ
歵ˣƽرճʱߣ־ĻŲѡ
Ľڵϲ£ֲ߶ϣλʱʲôȥˣҪȶأ
ȱճԽ歷һսҪõģ˳ᢣвãܿܽն£ˮǹӶΪˡ
͵ۿ˿正ʵڱѩɰ޹ֺϲ¸ˣָָǰ棬ģԵǱ߿ţǱҰãȻԿүɱеӢˣǽһ桢Ӣ¸˫                        
лҪ˵Ԥ֧֣̫Ϊǰū
1.
Ǳ߹ؽ֮ŮһʱһֻһΣū
Ȼūǿ׳ܸɣɱСº㣬˴ˡd(**)/
ūܶˡ
ֻ򡣩d(XnX )/
2.
̫ӺسԨѪᣬӱ߹ػˣҰηǡ
ָĺسԨΪūӡ
̫ӵ·̣ܴ裬ɱˡˣƽϡеֹһ㣬Ҫ
3.
ǹŮ̫ģ˭ҲܵһˣԵ顣
˭һתۣȴ̫ӷΣһ¹㽿衣˾
̫ӣÿ춼뱻Сһ¡(   ) 

޸ǰ
1.
лĬ׶ףֻ޸ţĬҲһӵˡ
ǰ˵Ե
ⱲȴˡΣࣺ̣֡
л̲ŲΪߵҵģֱҡ
2.
ɮΪɷǣԸл̡
Ķϱ˶ѡ
ֱǰڴסսˮ
زҾΪһӡ
룬ΪΪѪս
˺Ϊ㣬ָΪ㡣

 28 

歵ɴ۾ǰ, 벻ȥһºӣƨȻô޳ܡ
ϱ歵Ŀ⿴ܲסֻڨڨס˿ڡ
ϵһϯ, һ֮, Ͱ˵ķ˹ȥ
ĵƸһ, ɽ´ĩˣվ, ĿԶȥ, ԿϿ֮Ρ
Լɱ֮ƽɫӰӵƽһƶ̾˰졣
սһӡһ׷ϣǰǺװ, 󷽵ǽľʿ, Ͽȷ򿿽
, طֳ, ϿȵĶ೷ˡ
Ȼ, 籼һϿд, ɽض΢΢
վ, ЩĿѣסԱߵʯͷ
糱ˮһϿг, սาźɫףɽ˾޴Ļ죬ɽϵʯͷعȥ
ϣһճ
ôңԶʵǿģһһƲɵͬһǰ֪ģ֪ճ
ҧҧ촽ĪЩš

¹Ǿþɳ޽ոǿıΪûʲôȫĵطǴ˿̣֪Լмˡ
˵ת򣬴ĺ󷽴춯оʿ󷴸꣬߳ǺݵľӣΪԭ£ǰϮģĵϵս
һƥɫսǹϮд׻֮ƣ޿ˡ޿ɵ
ճʮݵĲս
¹ͫٿȻ֪⣬һ֮飬һᵶӭϡ
ɱһѪɣһƬңսƬطΧȴһƬհף˭Ҳܿ
¹ĵճǹţͬһɱɳɽľ
¹ŭشУճΪһƷ䣬˼ͼЧʶȴ˹ᣬĵ
½ԵɣΪ˵Ҳֻܵˡճģ˿Ǹ⡣
ճ밢Լ̫κȽŴУѣճһе
֮ճͽ
ɲðӦ
ֻ˵¹˵忣ײؽڿڡ
¹ȥŭڣȵҾһӢȴǱٵСˣձǧ
ճһǹɨڳ¹ؿڻһпڣѪӿ
ģȥûκ½£ǣңɫ磬·ɡ
¹һ˫ֳֵŴ󿪣עȫնճ֮ͬ⡣
ճĿһݣӭϣǹĺХײǵ⣬ֱӽ˵УȥƲͣ͸˳¹ؿڣ˰ա
¹ӿе£ˤڻɳ֮ϣŭĿԲϢϾ

ֻһѾŵ۾߶µصҲˣһǻȥŰɡ
Ͼﵨ̫Сˣ⻹ûүͳʤȫֵĳ棬еźȰ䡣
ʱϿȻ̡
ЦЦԽ歵ǲ£߿ҸˣϷҲȤ
歾˵ġȤʣҲ̲סͣס˽Ų
ϿȵһǰϢһѹѹһƬǵװأͷ϶׺ë
սϹƤĽϰ鲼нʮڵľӣȻûзʲô죬ù졣
歵ĿľЩ˭Ҳǵ𣿡
Ͻָϣꡣ
歸Ͻһס졣
ɽ´еʿѾ̧ˡϣұˣ졣
һѾߵˣϿȵм䣬һεرխ
žϿٿȻһ
ɽ´뷢ͬꡣ

ǹͳĽ
һٴͷݺݵճ
ľӴӷŵЯսΪεľӼҪսҪų¹ĲвɢճȫߣһڣʶľսЩӦӲϾ̬֮
ٺЦִɣ̸ɣǻʵҲҪ㹥ǣ˶ϰɡ
ãԸճǧ֮ǲɫ
˫ս˰ΣҲݣɫ˻ƻ裬Ѫ
ɫЩͣϿǱһ񣬱ճһǹѪע
ľѾʼס˾棬˽֧˷ŭ
ճסǹŰ¶һ΢Цڵͻ˵Ԯ𣿲õˣǲ
ϣĮư㸸׸ֻҪҰѾҪ顣
ֱ̧̧ۡ
ֿԳϿȿڵͨšĲϿбܳؼнٶȲ죬ȵƽɳ̡
ԭͻʲԼл͵Ϯճ˿̼Σ֪Ѱܡ
޺޵һҧһɺĸףʱʱ̶̿ҪءܹصȥһҪɱǸϼһ
֮ڰһ֪ͲĴңʵ̫ճˣǸˣڽ߾һɽԽεס˺ԭĲͻʡHЩ嶼ճ޵ҧгݣ޿κΡ
Ϊһ壬ճ찣Լȴ˽ȥ
ʱ֮ӡ
սݸѸΣƵ󷽣ǰһſ糤£Ȼʸעк
µӪʿǧһľ񣬹Ƶģƾǰвˡ
˲ҽŷ׷׺ˡ
Ĳǰ棬嵲סǱûϸתͷӣڲĺ棬Ӵܶȥ
ճŻвˣûʲô飬û׷ֱ̧ۣ꣬ٿȻһ֮ͣס
ʿؿʼ£
ϴӺԶӴܵĻˣźһү׷𣿳Ѱˡ
ճصﶷһӣû˰ôġ
˵ţ۾תϡ
ɫһ䵭ģϱϾ߾ˣб´Ǽ겻̬зֱͬζ
ϵܺãû¡һ£ֲһ䣬е㱻ŵˣڻﲻ
ץץͷ̫˵歺ǱѪɵļɵˣҰһС춼˵
ʵϵ۹⿴ǵȳࡢ̼㣬ǹƸʵģ˭֪ų˵ŮĪǾԶ֮Ϊ
ճתͷԹȥˡ
ɽ´ϣ歹ȻСϣ˫ֱϥǣ۰Ͱ͵ͷ
ճȻվŹˡ
ճֱܳˣǰһ§ס˽歡
ССģɫƻˣ罥֪ǲĻЩ
ոմѪɳϹȻճʯĳʱҲ÷
歵ͷõˣûең
һ㶼ģ桢˫û˱ˣҶ֪ˣպҪҿЩˣҲϲ̫ˡ歵Щ
۽΢΢΢΢شһ죬ƿëƺһ¶顣
սϼѪδȴӾҵճ覷ֱ˵Щʲôһѽ§ýأڻУҪסԼ
Ҫ۾̫ңǻᾪŵĵһôС
歱§ò͸ճѪȵζ˱Ƕؿһӿſſ̫ˣҪˡ
ճ̲סͷͳˣԺҪϰζеĶ㶼Ҫϰߡ

ȥ죬رˣճ뿪һҪʣȥʱأ
ӪʱҪԼӪ̽СԴ۰Ͱ͵ճͷҹҺ¡
ճҪͷһ¡
ȥ˯ˣճŽҹĻϯضϤϤ죬΢ϸ飬·һҹǹҲˡ
ճҹɫ΢Ц
֮࣬ճڷϸɵĴ£ʵʵشʮȻϴ򷢳ȥ׷߳¹Ĳвˡ
ԭ͢ߵ߳Ǽݵ¶ۼػعƵ򣬳¹Լս̩ս齵вӴܶȥϽճ׷©֮㣬һҲܷŹزϢй¶ذ
Ͼûͳ͢˺ʱ
ճԴСӣȥ㷵ݳǡ
ԭʱ·Τأճͣ
Τ䣬ԭͻʳԿҰѱڷͻʵĹϽһΤǵ¶ţͻ˳ԭϣʱǻǨƣںͺ˻һˣǺͽ˵Ĺϵ
ճԭΤսƤݣʮ¡ûбԼݣʱˣض֪˫ղˣضҲֻճͨĺ˹׽ʧڡ
ִɣܾûˣǵļڿʼˣһȾƳ⡣ضѾܴˣͷͺӶˣȥȴǾ壬Ŀʮ㡣
áճӦˡ
ճ´ԲΤճסİճ˴رݻ
ţƤΪĻڲ˺ʵ̺֯ӣڿռޣӺͰǰģľ϶ŽƬӶϴᡲһƶһĽɴ
˹תһȦ棺ִǰʱסǵİҲû飬ôξͻȻˡ
歼˼۾ȻŮ˾ͲһֿĺҲˡ
˹ضŮһֵĹƤڡüĿ˵úܺãճ㽪歡
歺Ϲ˵ҲŮˡ
áã㲻ǡ˹֪ŮһߣʱķǣҲΪ⣬ЦеصҺ˵ʱǼڣǲֵʱѾݼˣȥǳʱЪһ£㾫ȥ档
˹ٺͽ˵һͳȥˡ
Ƭ̣ճ
Щ˹ٵĻתһ飬ʵ壬˵Ҫȥ֣ʲôΣ𣿡
СﱻѪȵսŻˣںеľԱĵǡ
ճһϣͷٲʮ
º͵ضԽ歵Τ˵Ľգǳ裬ǵŮŮ飬һնûУ㾡ܷģҲôصݣ£죬ˣһ¡
СӰģģɴ˵ϣ쳤ȡ
տʡʸ߹Ȼƣ¶һַݵ֮⣬ЦЦ𣬹崷ȡ
ŭ
΢ЦţǿգŨĺɫԼǳһֱŽ歡
ƤĿ⿴ܲסˣڰĥĥعߣСһȭͷȡ
һ˫޳ʵϵİ£Ȼܹо߰͹Լȵ¡
歺Ҵ˼£Ȼ˻ۣһָͷһ¡
Ӳģǿԣָͦá
ִһ¡
ճ̲סЦˣֹȥڽ歵ͷһͷġ
歱ͷص
ҡճõͳһɳƣҿܻƲסԼ
歷ɿشܵĽȥԴͰ͵ؿճҴˣҲˡ
ȻСһǱʱĵѾ˺ܶˡճ뾪ŵº͵ʲôֲ㡣
ᡣֹš
ճǱߣת˲Ǹ侲ˣҪκȵݣԿҪΤͣ߰죬Ȼٻȥ
ŶҪˣǸϽȥɣùõˣҪġ歵ɫʮֿ
ճһۣĿⲻƣȥεӡ
歱һۿЩëȻϽҡͷûУ嵣ġ
㲻ҵģǱҶѾźˣưκˣʶҪٻȥ
ģȴŲɵרϣҲȢκˣҪȢֻ㡣
һңܾɥֱŵˣ̾
زס˼ճһ۾ͿˣǺǺЦŽ歹˹ָ𣬹
ԥһ£ûǲҪȽϺã̵زȥˡ
û䵽ǰճ̽ȥһѽץסˡ
ССؾһʲô
ûʲôһ¡ճǴָһǡ
촽ǻȵģ̵ָˡ

ϵԲԲģԭܵȼˣӳΤǵͨͨġ
Χ𻶿ظţǵ˽ýյϢһҵ
ͷٵЩĺ裬͸ɴϰ·⿪̻¶Ű߸첲
歡ѽһס۾
˹ٳԳԵЦţüɫص쿴Ǳ߸ͷ߸ߵǸ׳׳ٺ٣Һ˵ˣ϶رС
Ŵˣָ͵͵¶һ۾Ͱ͵صʲôʲôرУ
Ǹѽ˹ټüŪۣھ׵ģǷţʱڣһﶼæ죬ţ˱죬ҲһˡлŮµһȴ£ȻҪ˲źãý˰֪Уǿˡ
歵ֱðˣ˵Ҳˡ
ΧΤȻ歺ߵģغЦˡ
ճضһԶԶһߣתͷض˵˼䡣
ضվΤغ˼䣬Χ˶ˡ
ǷֲΥķԸֻòԸذ·ִˡ
ǱߵĹź̾
˹ƲƲ죺˴׾󣬻ǰ·
歰ַҶ˵ˣǸˡ
ðɣ֪Ǻ˵ǲһǲˣǽʲôţŶˣ๫ǲǣ
˹Цеģ歿飬ϽһƤˮҹˣȤˣȾơ
˹ٴƤˮеһɫĽҺ˸歡
ҡͷҲȾơ
һǵ̾ƣģζأڱǺȲģֻйǲŻ˳ԿӣȾƶû˼
õ˹ټߥš
歳һ£ӹ룬ССһڡ
ǽҺŨ֬ŴζģβҶһᣬˬڡ
ȷʵζܲء
歾Ͱʳ˹ɬЦЦֻ룬һһغš
ֿʼˣڹǰǵӢˣǽĸ￴ˣֱӾͿһȥˡ
һĺӴ˹ЦҲֱߵ˽歵ǰָأһƣߴﹾ˵Щ
һҲŤͷ˹ô£
˹ٹЦǸƯ˿ˣҪҪá
һҪҪҪ
Ǹ˹ںߣȲԭϵĸɣҪ۾ϵǳ·ҹԡ
ΤĶˣ˵ʲôȥ
ûдǹ½ǣһֻͬǯһӱץסļȻҵ˵ϡǺӲҽ
ճվüĿͦɽƱˣ
ΧȻһ¡
ˤڵ˴ؽлѣԭϵĺӴѪʮ㣬عϾΧ˹ŭغţ˳ճ˹ȥ
ճ΢΢һܿӭĴײȭͷɽţ顱ؾ޴죬һºɨڵء
һȫ
ſڵϰϵؽлţ˷ܵؼǸӢֱûһ˱ȵ
ضЦãϽ˹˺ֹסˡ
˹ٸи֣ҲԴ״ͽرҶûأ̫ˡι˵أ𣿡
ȻԴӺܳԱߵΤߴߴȸһ˵ŻЩΣãȻؿ˹٣˵ʲôˣ˭ѽ
˹ע⵽Ѿһ̾ƺˣֻСֻͰ͵벻š
˹ץץͷԭûȹľ̫ð
Ǳߵ˶ضضˣЦŶճִɣȥɣٲߣСҪˡ
ճŽ֣ȥˡ
̧۾ǰˡҹеĻԾţӳУл棬Ļš
ӣСֹţߣ㡣
ճޱ飬һѽ歿˼ϣˡ
Ц
صճѽ歷
歱ճһ·ˣڵϣ˦˦ԴɫЩãȻź˾ƣ촽ϴˮ⣬Ρ
ճҧˣǿԼ
ͷ˵ŵϵζĻ㡢㡢һ㡣
ճһüȾˣ
歵СԴţ΢ЦָͷȻһ£ţһ㣬úȡ
ܾǰճǵٻ£ЦմüңһĴĵ
ѾܾûмЦˡ
ճظȥָ̽شաļ̵ңһ¾ͻڻ
歰ճĵңġ
ճһˡ
ûУҺء۾룬ǽϵĴˮһһķۺ졣
ճһָڽ歵ǰңǶ٣
ؿճ֣˰죬˵ص㲻Ҫȥģҿˡ
ճεЦЦջץסָһҧȥ                        
лҪ˵΢߼Ԥգԣÿ춼󣬾ôҪ
̫Ϊǰū޸ǰ֤ʣСɰǲ

 29 

лҪ˵ÿ600ոܶͣһ졣ôôա
Ԥ֧֣̫Ϊǰū
Ǳ߹ؽ֮ŮһʱһֻһΣū
Ȼūǿ׳ܸɣɱСº㣬˴ˡd(**)/
ūܶˡ
ֻ򡣩d(XnX )/

޸ǰ
лĬ׶ףֻ޸ţĬҲһӵˡ
ǰ˵Ե
ⱲȴˡΣࣺ̣֡
л̲ŲΪߵҵģֱҡ
СָϿҧ, һʹͷļĸо, ָһֱݵĵȥ, ļ׵һս
һҶ, ˡ
歱ճָҧһȻ˳, ߺرԹһ㶼óԡ
ָͷմҺ, ʪģ·¹µС
ճԼҲҪˣζ
ѵ˿ˮһ£ÿ, ϧȫûע⵽󹾹š
ճ¶һΣյЦݣ, Ҫ, С
ͳһõǡǽ歰Ե, ϰϴһ, Ƣʱͳ
ֽ, ǹڽ歵촽մһ¡
Ϥ۵ζһ, ¶һСطۺɫСͷ·Ļ
ҪҪǣճջ
ҪſС죬̧ͷ, һֻСƵģι
ճȴɿذ˻ȥҪԾԼá
ǺԼУҧм䣬¶š
õԲˣҡ
˹ȥյճ촽ϣȥҧǿõǡ
ŮϢҷһӣҹҧˣĽˮڿбų۵ζĿǻ
ճס˽歵ͷ뿪
ʵأǸ̰ԵŮȥżǿǹӶ
е㲻̫ˣҵؿҧţҧ촽ͷСݼģҧȥһĴʹ͸衣
һ۵ǣĲࡣ
ǿǹڴݼȥֲ˭ζˡһʪˮϸ΢컡
Ǹ
֪˶ãǿȫܻ˿Уδҧҧ촽
ҧճ촽Ѿҧˡ
ճ˻һ
һ룬ΪʲôҪǳԣĹĵشճһ¡
ճȻһѽѹ˵ϣɳƶͳҲҪǣһ㣬𡣡
歵۾ôģܳԾӣŨܵĽëϹһС飺Ҳóԣ㲻Ҫҡ
۾ǴˮҪ
ճȥ۾
歳ԳЦţ۾ˣᡣ
ƺҰ޽Ҫĳط̵÷ۡȻ¹ӵķ϶˽ôᣬ·ˮʹġ
ʹۣ˷
ճ´Сأ۾ıӡСС촽
ĻУųһСֻһֻɵСӣ˳ëòСˡ
ϣʱÿһ㡢ٿһ㣬𣬵꣬ҾȢˣʱһҪ㣬ͷţһʣճ૵˵ţҧгݵζ
ȴѾ˯ˣЦ޹
ﻹǹӵζҹɫġ

ڶ죬ճĻġ
ŵֵζĸо·Ǹɽַķ磬¶ȵģѬе
۾գһ£ӳճ촽Ĵɫǳȥģȴҧˣһ㰵죬ۡ
歴͵ذĿȥճ߶Ըš
һֻҰ޿űǷô¿ڡ
ˣɳƵĴԣĶ䡣
歴˸飬ٿȻϷһС
촽ǱҧƵģƺζ
歶ιȥϧѵúܣĶУ䡱һ£ȵҪˡ
һУֽŲãճĻ˳㵽齵һ߽ȥ̺ӣɪɪ
ƫƫճŴ侲̬ؽ¶ϣˡ
߷Ŷ䲻˵
ǲɫ˵ȥˣҧָſϺǳԣ˯ŵʱ򣬻ץҵ·š
ֱĴ
歡ۡؿˣҲǣûУ
ѹˣરવص˶һţ޲Լԭʧ
۾޺ˣСֱ
ճһʵڲٴ̼ˣһº͵ʲôϵأҲĵһˣһ㸺ģվҪ޸ңҲԽߣֲЦ㡣
߳ŭһ߿һ߽еûУʲôûˣϹģҲϡ
ճָָԼ촽ϵƿڣҧģӡӻڣҪҪһ¿ǲģ
ǣ歼ֱˣһѽ̺Ӹǵͷϣ˶棬޵ֱ
ԭǸûĵģ˾ͲϡճƵص
̺ذ󣺡壬ȥҲ뿴㡢˵ȥ
ճЦЦֹȥ̺ͷȥˡ
Լһ̺˰죬ˣﲻ˳۾ί
̫ˣⱲӶûȥˡ
ӱ˹һˮ﷢ҡģԳԵЦôˣִʵ̫ˣպиˡ
ɵɵؿ˹٣ðŷӦ˵ʲô˼
˵ûûУУ
У˹ؼ˼۾
Уǣ״Σ֪Լ˵ʲôˣҪˡ
úúã˵ˣ֪ˣ˵оͲаɡ˹̾˵ȤһѾء
˹ٵı鿴ȥر֣歲֪˵ʲôźãô
˹ֻЦҲٴȤˡ
꣬˹ٰŽϴˣָһ̳ʳ
ܼ򵥵ţһڵıӡһҡһĽˮ
һĺëҪˣͷҡ˹ƵģҲȾƣⱲӴҶٺȾˡ
˹Цɵϣⲻ̾ƣ̲裬ţ̺ͲҶɵģˣִ˵ϲģر˵ǣúȣҲƭ㡣
ԥԥؽ˹СֹţҲ˵úȣҿɱӲˡ
ˣ˭֪ôûأһ
ﹾ˵Żš
һճֽˡ
˹ֽʰ˶һܳȥˡ
ֻн歺ճˡ
ûطɶ㣬̺ӸղŶ˹ٵˣҲ˼ȥֻĹĵرȥճ
ճЦЦؿɲ۸㣬Լ֣ôܹң
ԣ歺޺޵ţҲתȥˣ
ճº͵صͷ̫ܺãˬҼǵ⸽һƬɫҰƯ⼾ڻţ벻ȥһ
歵Ķ䶯˶Ƕصȥ
ճ˽歵ߣ䡣
ߡһӳˡ
ҽݵģˤҲۣѧˣͿȥԣзŷݡ
ȥСֹš
ҸһƥСĸȫǰɫģƯҲ˳ҪҪȥһС
תճһۡ
һۣŭˮ
ճȴô侲֣𡣡

ĲԭǽɫģŨң·̳Ұ֮ϣһͷΪֲΪĻؼֻɫͽɫ׳
ɫСرţңԶĵطӹŽ歵ĳڷздζˬˬ
΢΢ЦͷƥɵСʼӿٶȡ
յӺ׷˹һƥߴĺƽСʾضһ߰˻
Сƺһ£ͣ
˽ǰ
ƥ磬СһͷճϣԾӸµŽ歡
ողŻ˵ƤëҪô죬СˤȥҪޱˡ
ƥͷ˹Сһ¡
Сӵƾôһ϶ˡ
ճߵߣȥ正Ъһᡣ
ʶر֣ܿԼ
áճȻܸɴ֣￴
ԼûѧеţСرӣһһŲ²䡣
ȻչСһǣװͰ͵ġ
Сһҡһ¡
һһˤ˲ݵϣģǺۡ˵ϣײһ£ᶼײˡ
Ǳ̧ͷôأһΪʲô۸ң
ճ̲סЦ
㻹Цţӵ
䲻һӰصѹְѹſȥˡ
ߴ࣬˶棬۵عѹһϣѹüˡ
ʲôˡؽֽŲõţԼڵӿ϶һֻСڹ꣬Ǳúܡ
ԣճ͵͵Цһ㻶ζĶޣġ
𡣡֣·̾Ϣ
ӱرסĻǹ̵ģյ⻹ȣıʵǷ֮䣬ܶ
ЦŽĲݵϴŹ
ĲҶӲգģһ̣ȥ
ɫͽɫĲݵǰطתһĿѣ
˺ðͣѾˣڵش
㿴ճڽ歵ߣָ߸ߵָգϵƲʣƯ𣿡
ҶζһɬҰɢڿС
տշ·͸ģôߣƶ̵شǰƮȥôͣƺֿɼ紵ȥƿձãԹ¡
գգ۾ţӡ
ճ鵭ģдЦ⣺Ҵǰʱ򣬾һڲԭϣգԺҾ룬ԺҪһ𣬰쿴Ưƶ䡢ϿƯǺ
תͷŽ正
۾ƯǣڷŹ⡣
ǺʲôÿģҲϲ
˵ţҪ
ճ׵ؾְѹסˣŤ˰춼ˣʲôأ
ݴпŲ֪ҰɫССһһ䣬ڷҡҷ
ճ֧壬ժһɫĻڽ歵ķޱߣ󣬸
ζѹģ޴ӡ歽ŵصɴ۾סˡ
ͷһǣë
Ȼ˻ȥ
歳һؿڡ
ճգҶĵģ޸ҺһһӶá㡢㡣
áҧҧ촽ţҴûҪ޸㣬壬һֱ㵱
ճڽ歵ͷһ£ʲôҺ𣿡
ģԲˡ
歱ͷĹĵصԣǺˣ㡣
˰ꡣ
̼ǵóʱǸʮС۶Ѿһߴˣվ£üĿ䣬һͦΡţ۰Ͱ͵ؿּҵı𣿡
ʱۣѾˡ
ճеҧгݣҳ㣬ô޼ɵСҴ㡣
歡ߡһͷŤȥ
ճЦһƵصΣչҵģӲ𣬵ʱһ֪ҵϲϡ
֪ôģ⻰˵ЩΣյζĪش˸£͵͵ϲһ㡣
ճֽźܳչѹ˽歵ĸ첲ϡ
ƿϲ䡣
ȴһץסˡ
𣬹򡣡
歵죬Ŀаίίż
ļҲӲģ歲£;ᣬɾ͵ҵ
򣬲ǽճƺе㲻ȴر۾
ԶһһƥͷڳԲݣ紵Ҷɳɳ죬΢
ճ۾첻
塣ССؽǲˣ
û۾ֻص㻹˼ʣԼ룬ʲô飬һҹû˯ã۾
歺޲ڸӰԼԴȥҪˡ
ճûп飬۾ֱͷ
ǽӰõɫϣıָͦڲӳһӰ̷
ʵǸǳӢˡ
ȴСȭͷػһ£ϧҡ
һûУؾȳ
˺þúþã̽ţССؽ壬˯𣿡
ճûӦ
塣ŵֵ
ûӦ
ŵվŽ߹ȥǣС
ѴͷչűϢ
歲˵ƿǸͷԶһ㣬ˡ
ֱŵСس˳ݡ
С
ѪӿϣµֶЩ
歲֪Ҫδ͵ضôѾн̫ˡ
ǸˣǿְԵһУԼһֻ˿ȸһ㣬ô۰ȴֻĴţʱعȥͻϰӣ¡
ҧҧƨϳһ£ݣ죡
Сӷɱ

 30 

, ûܶԶһƥ˵ٻ, һ˹, ɿ׷С, СװͰ͵˻š
Сˣط˲, ͣ
, ܵСǰ棬嶥ķȥ
߿ˡ
Сĵ̫СˣŻһ, ͷС˻ȥô, Ҳס
ܿͻصԭĵط
ճڵ, ̬, ۾, ˽һۣ
Ĺĵشϻ, ͷ, վﲻ
𣬹Ҫ˵Ρ
ճ, ȴý歴˸£ͷǴõ͵͵ģĲ鲻Ըز˹
ճ˹ڽ歵Ľϰһ£һģǰȥճĻС
ҲӲģײ
歺۾ճţҪ
ȴסˡ
ӵͬؽֱԽԽյˡ
歸տʼŤţ˺棬ϡǰð˽ǣǲҪ˵ĻˣģģţԼҪԹȥˡ
ڽҪϢ֮ǰճڷֱۡ
һصܣӺô֪Ҫ𣿡
歵ĺû˳ſؿڣɥţ
˵ˣһӰĽȻصȥҵĴߣĺĺԣҿ㵽ʱôܡ
歶һ£ŭСȭͷš
ץסС֣ߣҧһ£ȻЦŻġ
歸ˣҧ촽ۿˡ
뿪ң𣬹ԹԵߣһõģҲƭ㡣ºͣ͵͵ģں
һ㶼ء
ǣ˵ˣֻǸͷһûһ£޳ʵָ£ķ˿䣬һֲִڵĸоġ
õϣů΢ѬŻͲҶӻϵζһա

ݵĳ¥ڻɳ볤£ʯĳǽ̫սңѾ߲ºѪĺۼȾŨĺɫ
ӿҰкХǽͷڷ졣
κ˴̧ͷ˿ǰݳǣϰ˾ķľĳ
Ŵ򿪣ӭ׵Ķȵһźɫװӡ
˽ǰκ΢΢ʱӭ¡
ճĵܵܣϧˡ
κ˲ˣأԵβ
ʱػصͻ˷漱ֳǰδ
κ˲Ȼŭڴֲ֮ͥ㷢ǰܻʺ˼ҧҧ촽Ӱ˰۽ǣڼ飬ñԿ
ʱǸǸ򵥵ˣ״̲סһֳаţǣҽ顣
κĲˣ˶ţŭôԶعң̫ҡҲҪˣҪȥ
Ůò޶ҲǺܺÿ
ʱЩ죬ƤڣҲ첻̫κ˴˸Ҿŵ̬ϢŭּҶԹ޲֮⣬˽Ѳ׵ֻȹݹ٣Ƚǰɣֳձ飬˻ڡ
κ˰죬ͼ޵ɽŹ̫һȰǿ˳̨ˡ
ˣȽȥɡ
ʱһ롣
κ˽̧°ͣʱһۣϡ
ʱǸߴͣƺճҪֻ࣬ݴֳûа֮κϲ³ç򣬶Ըۿ
ꤵعһ𣬽ݳǡ

պ󣬼ʱ
죬ž滶Ц˶ڵ¼½Ρ
κǻϲǺߣһַŹһֳشӰ˱ﻨ
̺ӴĴֵ̳
ӭ׵Ķǰͷʮƥǰƥ򣬱ǣһſ
ȵĽʿһͷڵ·ԣǵͦñֱֻڹоǰʱΪ
κģЦ߹ȥ
Ȼſڣһ˴ŴǷɫڣ˿ȥӢʮ㡣
ȴʱ
κ˴סˡ
ĳʷ޵ּ˵˼䡣ɫ䣬κ˸档
κ˵һһطֽץסĹָ׶ȥۣȴһ㲻ҿ
˵ʲôճû취ϻܴܵ棬Ұã
еĳʷƷĹ棬Ǳߣʧ򶨣ǣһʱΣΪȨ֮ơү̣Ϊҹƣɼ빫
κʲôʲô¸ҪǼֱ̫
Ĺ죬ʿĿбӣ˿ơ
ʱǰһһ˿ľִ٣ֳʵڱ飬ϾʱдҴ棬Թͻ֮٣ȴʵð֮⣬빫Ϣŭ
κ½Ȼе֪
ѹʵϹֻһλˣԵңճΨһĵӣʱȻϥ£ĸȴһûֵū澡
κ۸ڶôܵίͷϵķڣݺݵˤڵϣŭ̲סҪޣŽеãˣҲˣ
һͷ˿ɢ֬糺죬кᣬȽֿ
ʱûɵĻȥֹ޴룬Ŀͷһ¡
ٿȻ
һӺݻŮӳĴſڡ
빪̫ˡ
κ˿˹ȥִһ¡
ǸŮüķ޼бһֻӣޱʵѾᣬ۽еϸƣ²ɣĺۼȻ˾޵ģĵƣ˳ǹ
۾˹ԶɽĿ͵ĮճĸţͶӲƣҲһޣǾƶ֮ϵ͸߰
Żߵκ˵ǰص½ּԣ½ɡȻ򣬽մϲʱԵβã
ֱ֪ʣκ÷δĸҲǰֻ޵ǸּͻּҵģʱӦˣΪνңֻҪּҸһ
Ա޵ּƲϽԲɺ͹ҲͬˣֵܴΪã˵ʧͳ²סȻڣգ飬֪̫ΪΣ
κԶǧȻ飬޼ƣֻҸ̨͵͵ش¶۾š
ֻŵʯĳԼҲһģֻ侲صʱѡģʥּ䵽ݣǰ˲ٰ죬뱸ʮݶıͶڸкţʱȡּҵںδִⲻͣ಻ǿ빫תҼҴɻԺ϶ᣬ˿ɺã
κѾݣܹٻذŵĻֻֽű䣬ǰһ󷢺ڡ
޵ƿԣ֪˵ʲôúˡ

 31 

ʱæ, κҾ£ֳⲻǣʵð, , ֳһᵢھ, ƽҲ಻ڸУս, ɹ, ʵⵡ
ſһۣվϧģԸΪѣҲκ˵Ȼ佫֮ң֪պǳ̬, ҵҲôģ֪ί, ɻ, һ, ջ빫һ
κ˵ҧÿ, ȴҺ, аתǧ, ȴҲ벻ƲߣκֻصΪս, ɼΣŮ˽ʶ壬ĸ׷ԸһеƾĸΪ
úӡףƺ̾Ϣһ
أʰ˷ڣ߸ߵͷ
Խӹκˡ
κ˵ͷһٲǰȴһ¡
ʱֹݺݵĿˡ

罥ˣǱԭӺ䡣
̵Ĺһ¯㣬ů㴼ζɢĸо
һƬݻƵҶӴӴƮ䡣
κ˹ȸã﷢
ͷֽЦүˣϻ˵ıҪҪ
κ۾һҪȥͣױ̨ǰĨһ֬߳ȥˡ
ĴԺʱǣһƥκˣ¶һˬʵЦݣ밲ˡ
κббƳһۣҲ𻰡
һˣֺãճϣҲʩһ
ʱ˺һƥǸմΤģѱĲ壬ֵѪҲֻд򵽣⻹Ҵܾǰͽģŵõ
ƥȫƤëĳɫ͹ˮθߴ񿥣履ʵֻվŲҲ͸¶һɲӢ
κʲôҲ֪ȷʵһƥһԡ
תһȦ̲סһ¡
Ȼתͷκ׺ݵ˸ǣһ
ʱϽκǰ棬صͷͣ񡣡
˻Դ֡ԡ˽л¡
κɫе㷢ףô׺⻹ô
ճЦֲͨǱɳսȻҪһ㾫ͷ£ҴＸȦϤˣͲˡ
κ˿ԾԾԣе㵨ӣԥ䣬Ȼһ̫СŽ
ˣҷ˵Ѿˡ
κͷһȹգԺſСǣܿɲס˲ӣվһ£˶ţ߰ءߡһҵ
˵ţֱطȥˣƥѪҲˡ
ʱվıӰȻʧ

̫ˣүˣŽҵĹ⣬żߵС
͸Ӱŵݣ밵Ͽʲô
˱ʣϷ𾭣Ĭãֱֽī۸ɺԡ
ǽɡ
꣬ճһƯСˡ
ĸסճţҲǵĮģָĹǽּҵ歡
ֶԽ歵ȥĸס
ǹݷ۽ᣬӰ۾ʪĲ⣬ȥǸߵĺӣֹ仹Ŵ󷽣ʩ˸
̫ˣ̫˰⡣
طһ£񡣡
歸ͱճŹĸףţֲΪľ̾еִٲ
ǽ歵ıţƽճб嵹˳ڣֲҹ׽ֻúسƺ̫ˡ
ŶЩ⣬ؿ˽歼ִۣڼȡһϻ
ֽϻϣŴȡһֻӳԽ歵ּϴģճĸ׸ңҽ㣬Űɡ
һˡ
Ҳ˵峺覣Өתһˮһ֪ǷƷοŻ˼ӵͬѰҽӡ
л̫˴死֣̿˺歲ҵ
𣬳ߴͣɴǣ¡ճԱƽص
歼ҡͷֶȥˡ
ճ״ҲͷŭӡճЦЦԼӹǸϻ̵֡
ԸȴȥϢ

ִŽ歳ȥˡ
оʣźճĸ
ʵѾܾûк˵ˣǲԭһֱ䵭
ʱĸҲ޶Եı飬֮ŵŵǽӣ⣬ǰǺ㸸˵Ǻϲ𣬿ʵ
ճɫС£߰ˡ
ŶԴҲΣӣóȻɱδĹͻȰ㣬²ƫͲҵȰ
ճ͵͵Цһ£ЦҲǱģκκӣȡ޹أǰдŸκӳϰøңҿԱȫҲϧ飬ɱҵʹѰ·ˣҲǳȫˡ
ųĬһ£úӽԼǽͨģֻܻһ⣺ԭ˵Ҫȥ򽪼ٶףΪֱӰѽҹȢƸҲ籸ˣôٵĩˣֻκˣֱĵôȢκҵŮӣ
ҳ˱ʣĸ֪ģκӷŹ正ҪȢŮΣֻӦˡ
ճƽȵĮʵҺ룬ãκ󣬲ŮΪˣöȢκˣŮ󣬶Ҳһ뿪ˣκӿϣӦò̫Ϊ
˵ʵ̲ס̾ϢΪ飬ɲɵģ㸸׵հλô㣬ΪֻʵģּҵİҵҶ
ճĸףвûʲôֻƽصּҡʮݣԭڶɵĶ׺ͿˣҲܸͿĸ׷ģ⼸꣬һΪɨһϰѰȵʮݽУգҪңҲʱҲʧġ
ἰޣŵĳʹ촽˶ճǲںת˲룬ʵûġ
ĬˣǰĶӣذ˰֡
ճĬ˳ȥˡ


 32 

κڷҵ, ʼղճˤ˶˹, Լִһ, ڶʱ, ۾Ǻ׵ġ
ùźκֵļȰ˵, ȥĸ밲
ԭֻӦ, ҲйֻſڴתŲûȥ
ȴϡ߷̵ĴѾ߳κ˽ȥˣЦ̫Ըū澹ȥ빫أ빫Լ, 
κ˸Ž˷УŶ, , ɫ, Ȼ겻ͬ, з, ˵ǧ
κһ, еӶˣҲֻҧż񣺡ĸ밲ˡ
ſκɫ, Ҳճİţκ˺ͽ歶ĶϱһͬʵģĮˣԼĶӶǵģԶϱȻҲ׽
ŶѾףɡ
һȺ͸룬Ÿɫһֶſ
һȥܸɵԱһһָȥŮ˿
ϼ̫ͬĽǶȿȥɫһ̡䡢ӣɫͿȸëƵģҪȹӴ·Ưˡ
ЦʹˣѣȻǸˡ
̫һ㶼󡣡գգ۾һۣе㺦ߵص̫òҪúôŲء
ľָ̫߹Ľ֮顣
Цã˵üǡ
һ£ȴҲֻ΢΢һЦ
κ˰ţһƨ
ּߺװĸ̱ʯɲģɫãѵõǸͷҲ˶󣬿ͷ棬ǱߺװǺûʲôϡɫƯ׺ӻߺɰʲô棬ҲǺÿġ
κһͷ棬ʮʱܻʺģʱ׻ֻõһϲòˣһֱ䰮мӡտıɫԼЩҪһĴָƵһȻᣬҧҧ
ֻ˵ţѾûʲôˡ
ЩճһԶ歵ģʱǰε£κϱţϱһѡ
űߣЩӦîҲͰˣ°˰֣ˣԼȥɣЩǴӴʳɲĶͼʰˣ˵ˣ͸档
κ˵ɫˣ˲öĸ񣬼ĸ⻰ʲô˼ǻʼҵĹýȢķˣһﳼ֮ŮԵᲢۣ𱰴ҡͳҾ֪ȹأ
歷ŭؿκһۣǺΪѣֻվŵл̫ˣҶˣûʲôҪģ£иˡ
΢΢̾Ҳ˵׶ѡ
歵ͷȥˡ

˶ʱճֱ֪۸ˣɫ˹ȥκߵ棬κĸǰʧ񣬱죬طУ˼ˡ
ճ֪ŵ˼֣Ͳô£һ룬ˡ
Ȼֹȥ
Լڷ촽ýģһƵģ˶Ͱ͵ġ
ճȥץ֣ˣŸ죬ӿɲÿҴȥ档
Ƶصûо죬˵Уȥ棬֡
ճ΢ЦСͷ㣬Ĳȥ𣿡
歸ոѧ⼸ͷϣԾһ£ֲסջ󣬾ͰѷŵˣܳȥСˡ
ϾŮԣûʲôǸÿ졢ȥҲ졣
ճԼĺŽ正һ˳ǣߵķȥˡ
ݳǵߺɽһ·ȥɽͽرɫؿˣҰɽ񷣬μֻȻһ壬ã׳
һʱмʱ歾ˣȥճӲżǰߡ
ɽ£ԶԶؿǱһᣬǾ»ãɽƺǲ
ǵ֮ǰ˺ѾѾˣү
ճͽǣȥˣ歱˴ӵţϡͿؽ
ȥһȴһˮأˮڣİ潨ȴԭȵɽʯȻˮɽʯķ϶ʳͲٴӳӵһȥ
ԭһȪӡ
Ѿȡ衢ڵԡ
ͷⱡȻö࣬Ƿе͸ǵζէһȪΪĶСĵǰһ̽ͷ˿
ѾԱ߹Ķ⴦Ȫ۵¶ˣˮֺãϴļͺͶƵģֻۣԿ
⻰оͷҡúͲ˹ƵģҲϴ
һΪϲġ
ճʩʩȻ˹
ϲϲǵ˳û졣ˮĴ۾ճһۣ룬ˣرΣգһܴ⡣
룬д뵵ˮһۿճһ¡
ѾһֻܾСһĵԶԶˡ
ճ̧̧֣ѾȥˣŸˡ
歵ˣͰ͵ص㡢㡢ʲôҪԶһ㡣
ճҲ˵˹ؿʼ¡
歼һסˡ
ϤϤȻ󣬹һˮĻˮ
ֻϷ̣۾ѭӡ͵͵ſȥ
Ҫˡ
һʶ۾ĿһƬ׳ŵǰ㷢һҽС
ԭѾߵԱߣճյǰ
ϰ¶ˮϣѬ˵ʵɫļ͸ˮ黬ȥŰ͹ļûˮУˮӰӴһ˵ơ
һſŻŵתȥ߷ߵصͽӣֶҷ񡣡
ճصҷôҧһڡ
歲˵ûӮɴͱյýģſȥ
ճȴڰסˣ𣬹ԡ
أҲ룬һڻؾ
㽫Ҫ޸ңȻҪѧôҡҸѡ񣬹ңߣץһԡ
ճǺº͵ģȴ歾֣Ͻתίصúãҷ㣬úõشˮﲻҪҶ
ճ΢΢Ц㡣
歵öγѪͷ̧ӱϺץһĥĥŲȥϸصҹˣתȥҸ걳
ճЦת                        
лҪ˵ĸһַǳıʯԴԹŲ˹ȻСĸɫʵǷǳ޵ġһ峯ɫΪϲֱʯ֡
ܿգܵúܿգϹдͼġ

 33 

߳ǿ̧, ײǸ˻׳ıһ鼡΢΢͹ֹֻ, ƺҲܸоȵȡ
ͷͬѻһ, ʪܵشڼ, һҶҰζ
歾Դҵһ㣬ƺмٸСͬʱڴ, ιȥ
ֻǲ, ţ߶µòմˮճı
ȣˡ
һ컵ƺζĻһˣĻš
歺ܽ, ճ⣬Ҫʲô, Ŭϴš
ճȻǲ⣺ֻ, ǸǴ걳, , 㡣
, Сȭͷشһĺ, ԼִˣǸ˵͵͵Ц
歸ɴѲˣ, Լȥĳˣˡ
ճȻת壬һץס歵֡
ˮѽ歵ӴʪһƬܶճסôУ֣֡۸ңôô
ȵþˣһɳƣһ㶼ࡢҲ϶ˣţһš
Ϣ˹ķޣȶʪˮڷ˿Ƥһս
ζˮڣ
۾Ųӣ޲ðԼһССţǣָɾҴˣ塣
ʱͷۡʱ˵˷ЦճʱʮŽ歵֣ϵǰˮ̽ӣĶͷһǡ
һͬѵˮ档Ȼɿ֡
歺ֽŲõȥԶԶģһӲԼͷһ󹾹ССģճ֪ڱԹԼֲԼ
ЦЦȻûȢκˣó׵Ҷܡ
һ£ϵʲôϵأ㲻ظҡ
ճûп¶ΣյɫŽãվֻǺһװɵТڣϾȢţʱҿ㻹ôҡ
Ҳ˵֮˾ǰԵĹĵص
ճʮֵԣҰԵܰ۸㣬ǳ֮ÿ춼۸ޣ²£
߳ܵȫˣ㡢㡢죬Ҫ˵ˡ
ǳԺǾ뿪ݡճֱʮᣬҿԴϱɽӷϲĸطǾס˵죬ʱһȥɺã
Щ⣬סһ£ô𣿲ʮݵˣҸ˵ּʵƵģ̫͢ʹöǣΣ¡
ճ˽һۣĿд˵Ц⣺Ŷԭ𶮵Ҳ٣һֱΪ㱿ģʲô֪
ػͷ¶ϰ֡һɿذת
ٹ꣬ʮݵһȨ;ҶύҶܣʱҾͲˣһ᲻ң
һֱ㡣歲˼ػص
ִˡճЦţһ£ˮվ
歲䣬Ҫǽȥˣһͷ
ճ˹Լòɾˣֹһӣߵ歵󣬴˴
歼صʲô
תճ
歲Υԥԥػعӣôѣһ
䲻ճһѽ§סԴԼؿڡ
֣֡
ճ͵͵Цţǻ𶯶ݵ歵ϣ̵üҪˡ
Ķ䣬һĸо
ϴˣһҵζһ㶼
歳Ͷˣسһ±ӣȻʮֿǣ壬ϵζܺã˭˵ģǼֱ޻̸֮
ճˣͷſ
ֶԶԶģص
ճſȥصҳȥˣȥһݣģģҾԲ㡣
ŴˣճȥˣѾֽһЦеģ·ûƵģūǷԡɡ
歸ղһ£Ѷʪˣģеܣԥ˰죬ԸѾǰŽعȻɬɬѣһ굽ˮȥ
Ȫˮů֬ůˮ֫ٺë׶ſˣ·һ˵ļʪ͡
ͷһ̾Ϣ
һСѾ߹С潪歰ż;ǡôϣý歵嶼ˡ
۾صѽ
ֱԹ̵ôãŻҪңǻۡ
ڱ𣿡ճŴ˹Եôʡ
歽ŵסԼؿڣſؽе˵ˣԲңӲԶš
ճʮֵֻǹһ£ݵĳҷݹģˮҲҷϴģҵζ档
ճסڣ歵ţһСǺˮҵؿ
⴫Ц

ݹȪճִŽ死ȥˡ
Ȼ󹾹ţС˵ģüĿ䶼һζԾʮ⣬ȥʱԸˣֻſ
ճЦȥ
ոս˳ţǱȴϷ˽ǰɫص棺үǷִٵмˡ
ճô侲һˣɫ
ˮHһ壬ԭΪ˲ǿһ֧Ա壬ײкսŷ߾
ǰپٱϮӭս߳ǹ⣬
ټʦأճΣʮݣʲսܴ١
ӻHճݱһ·׷ɱֱHʱѪǧ첻ϨHΪһƬˮHȫ帲𡣴ٻ֮£˹ŲĸҴ˱ɳĮУӴ伣
һۣճɷ֮鱱𱱺Сҹֹ䡣ǣ׶δг޲ʼѰҴٵ䣬ʱȻϢɷӿ
ʵ
ĪɴɳĮϲһޣǵĳ˵صĺ˴·Ѱ£Ŵ
ճ΢΢۾¶һѪЦݣϱӪװîʱҳ
ǡϱȭȥ
ö͵͵𳵴ȥճûлͷϣûʲô飬ȴý歴һս


 34 

ŹڷС
¯̴, ͸ڵʹɴ᣼乴ˮһĺۼʱ߲Ʃˮ, ȥء
й޵λ, ŰǺɫľơʱ, רעĿ⿴, ȴѾ֪ˡ
ȥ
űƿ, ճ˽
֡
ճֱߵ޵λǰȼ㣬ذȥ
ףѰ˴ٵ٣ճ׷ɱ, 븸ңʹ, ҶὫͷ­, ο֮顣
ȥ, תҪ뿪
ɡųס˶ӡ
ճס˽Ų
ĸ˶Ĭˡ
, ɬɬص㻹ڹ𣿡
Ӳҡճ侲ش
պˮHѹ, ڳսǰ֪ι, ȴ˼ҵִ
ճѶϵĸԺֻҡ˫Ŀ죬ŷŭؽкʮ, ҴΣҰĶͳˣȴģ㣬ûģ
ʱŸ߰صҴδƭ㣬һжԼĸԸģΪνԹң
÷νһնһŰ㵽ҪźãǲҵȲģ
һߡ޸ȥ֮£ڴ֮֡
ѶŵѪʡ
ϧ֮ӡ
ӴԺŲ̤һ޵λΪ顣ԭԼճҲԭĸ֮䣬ͬİ·
ʱճҪȥĸ׵˾޴ı룬ƽģֻǵۣǧ
ճڿһۣ¶һЦݣĸ׷ģʯ˿˼
ŵɫˢһ±òҰףճѾͷȥˡ
ͷһеľϡ

ճʱ˹ӡｻ
٣ѣһʲΣ໰ݾһŽ²ʷƽ̣Ǹ游׶ˣϵѾǣĸ㣬Լӷġ
ǡʱȻӦŵ
ճһ£ֵɣҲСˣгһ㽫һ棬ʱʮݵϤһ£ʡýӦӲϾ
ճôĮ侲еζȴʱȻһ
ʱæеص˻Ǻ˼ʮݵĹǣĳΨհ޶ġ
ճֻǵЦЦýżʱȵ
ʱһµվôͷһˣճǰȴͷ̧
ճ΢΢̾Ϣٶ˵ֻǵ֮ҵķԸ£и
ǡʱ˼Ӧˡ
ճ˻֣ʾܵܿ뿪ˡ
ʱֳһۣеֹ˼
ճףɫط£˵
ʱճһְۣͷˡ
ֳ˳ڡվˡԺͲŸɶ̳գҫۡգ޵ضԣˣ򸴺󡣡
ͬ޵Ķӣ׵Ŀ⣬ûʱͣʱãԼֳ֮ĽҾη
̫ҺճֱӣκˣǸŮӣǰ޵÷·滨һ㣬̲סһ£ڹճ»ոչҪȥɩģɲţʵԸ
ճû˵ֻɨ˵ܵһۣĿʱĺ
δȴֻ˶Ů鳤Ӣ̬֮ɣʧˡճص
ʱͨǵͨ졣
ճŵܵܣصɣ˵ЩӶκ˶չˣôϧ֮𣿡
ʱߵͷ絷⣺ɾɩӣһƬ֮ģȫа޷Ƿ֮٣ֳϢŭ
ճ˵һ䡣
ʱߵͷ
ҽճ
ʱϽһԣ̬̿֡
ճɫΡȻָðߵ
ֱºɣ㲻Ҫôģû˼գκ˰õ㣬ãѰᣬȢΪޣΣ
ʱ𣬻Ȼ̧Ŀࣺҡң⡢ʹã϶ʹã
ô˵ţָץýģǽڿ졣
ճµصҶκ⣬ڻϵּ⣬òݣںôҰóס
ʱع񣬾޴ϲϯ޴ˣ˴֣ԭزڰصװɣ᲻ӦԸô죿
ճõܵܵĴӣָָſڣȵպаţˣ
ʱ䣬ճĿ⿴˹ȻϣֵˣץץͷٺٵЦҴҵسȥˡ
ճҡҡͷȥԺѰ˵
վҪ뿪ˣٲҪ䡣
ڷвţճ۰Ͱ͵壬˵Ҫȥս
ֽСӵëļϲһѣġ
ճ̲סֹȥͷ᲻𣿡
˺һ㣬סͷص˭᲻ã㡣
ǣƬ̣ŵðɣһ᲻ãһʵе㺦¡
ﲻǾݣԶǧ֮⣬ɣΰĳǳأȫȻİĵطĿĹˣһƬãȻ׽֮˶ûС
Ψճѡ
歵Ѱ䣬˾֡գգ۾ŨܵĽëܾͬһ㶶˶ʲôʱ𣿡
ճĶһ£ڽ歵ǰץס֣º͵صģǵļң㰲ڼҵңҺܿ
歰ѻֹ˵ʲôǵļңɲҪˡ
ճЦЦʲô鷳ȥѰĸףȻ䵭ҵϣ¶Ϊġ
ȻȥǿӲؽӵ뻳С
ʲô֡歹Ȼؽ
꣬˵ұһ£һ¾ͺá
סСԴؿڲȥһë޵ĴУõĶڻˣãӰһֱڻУŤŤȥУǿɰ˷Ц
ճЦͷһǡ
ŵζ䣬ȵģˡ
ĶߵһģҲҪңÿһ춼Ҫס𣿡


 35 

, 췽ճʮˡ
վڳ¥ĿճԶȥӰǧĴӵ֮, ʧˡ, ̹졣
۾, 룬Լ̫, е, ۾ɬɬġ
СѾߵ֣˳¥
ص死еƵģӲģľŪһֻС档
Сһ۵ëͺںڵСԴȥ, ߴߴؽиݣװͰ͡
ѾǶЦСеú, ģҲ, , ֺġ
歼, Ȼ֣С, ˹, ʲô棿
СѾһ£СѾ߸Ͻһɢˡ
歴ӣСץ, ش˴СԴ
СŽ歴
΢΢Цˣ̯ģˣҷߣȥɡ
СȴߣСˣͷᣬڽ歵Ĵ£ſ౽ֳʳ
ף㲻ѽ歾ˡ
һίص붬ˣģôһСųȥǶǶһⷴˣ꿪˵
߲˵ŻͷѾߵֹδͨڡ
žһ˭ˤһǶ⡣
һŮūţķˣڣҲˣǾȻңǻôӹǶһȺĿϵĴš
űƿˣκ˻½ۡ޽üȻʩʩȻ˽һȺ̫๬
歵üͷ塣
κ˹ڽ歵ǰشΣٿȻһİ澣ңԵβ¹򣿡
ֻСһŴӴڷɳȥˡ
歴󼱣Ҫȥ
澷ȻӱκüҺȵ졣
˼״Ƕ֣Ͻڽ歵ߡ
һȺţһ֣͸վſڣ£̫лūתʹ֪
ִֹƹȻĸĴκֹ̧ס̫ǡ
֪ĸкηԸ
ʾ͸ǰǵĸűīһ顣
˰ľ̫빫ճдʮ飬ΪѹϹ̫ʢΪãΪּҸԡڸ֮Ρ̫һƬģΪƣ֮ģʹլ˺
һӲʩλεľǴѹκˣԽ歶֡κǺҪҧˡ
ǰ˼صκ˺ͽм䣬ϴŵЦݣūǴѣǹ̫˵ⷬʲô飬ūһȥ̫ˣ̫˶Թһ
κӿͷŭãȥĸף˼Ҹ˵ס
΢Цţ·κ˳ȥˡ
һȺôҴҡȥҲҴңһƵˡ
死عС񣬼ֱţϽԸǳȥѰ
СͲ֪ɵȥˡ
濪ʼСѩˡ

κ˲ûмš
ڷȺ˰ʱ˸е̫͹ȫͷǸ̫౻ʮӣſύӡ
ʼգŶû¶棬ٵĩˣһվκٳдʮ顣
κŻصУ廹ڲţͷŭӿͷ
ŵдŸʺϣԼǼǺ޵꣬£Ƕĳ
κ˰ҧÿ죬ϵ鼸Ťˣ֮ȴЦһĸﲻңѾˣһֻܿԼˡ
۾૵صҲŲҪĸҲһ䣬Űɡ
Ա߿ţЩľλСĹ£ƺﲻ̫һˡ
Ƭ֮κ۾ĿдһĹʣðɣȥҶܣվ˿԰ﵽҵġ
ӷޣȡ˿ϵ֬Ĩȥˡ
ֻһСȥʱԺ
ʱڷİκˣæӭԺſڡ
кηԸ˹һͺãαԼ
κȹգ̧żԶ˲ӣʱһۣôүﲻҹ
߰۲ģԭۿջǵһΡ
ʱֳŵĻٿǰεˣŵòУĺðˣôᣬˣû˼
κȴ죬͡һЦˣȤŵá
ת˲ĵ̾һʵǹģܣҲֻܾˣҲ֪ǷԸң
չű˼ذʱʵ֣ʱһۣŨüĿ׳˶ģ֣
۽ǺˣĿ΢⡣
ʱ˼ػʹ޲ӣԸͿأΪǡ

ϣ΢΢Ŀ
誹ףΪжŷ𾭡
潪歵ݣżһεԺȡں˵׳ŵӣ仰
ԭʷ֮ŮѧʶԨ磬ʱҲж𾭣Щ͸ǲͬ˶⿼䣬˵壬ͷͷǵű㽫߷̡
誵ͣɬѶϾжҲԵˡ
оԼĳ˼С
˹С˵䡣
۾жɽɡ
꣬ʱؾصظ񣺡ĸס
ʱĸ׸ϥ£߰ĳӷ׽ȻԵĮʱϧġ
ɣɣ粻ڣˣ˵æúܣôпչ
ʱͷӱչĸ밲ģǶӲТ
ŵһЦ֪ҵģͷЩ񣬲ؾн
ǡʱػһһ£ӽĸһȥΪһᡣ
ֱӣʵΪʲôȻ
ǰμ˸ףԺаʹԼȥ˴£뷽ʦΪж飬Уʦ˵˶еھһҹ֮ʢӦ飬Ҫն࣬ʦҪΪ˰һ꼲ᣬ룬ˣðⳡרΪ׶죬Ҳ㾡ǵһ˼֮⣬ĸΪΣ
λݳǶǱɲʦһλ¸ɮ
޸ߣʹҪ֮ȥʱճʾˮHҲʱʦУҹݵΪĸо⡣
ŵЩ㱣ĿԽ̴֪䵽˺η
ãһ̾׵ãԡ


 36 

źʱһ𵽴ΪϹ취ȥ, ˵Ҫס죬ʶеĴܼرش, Ƕڼ, 䲻ܳӡ
, ԭҲ⣬ֱκ, žе㲻
κ˵ǰǱڵ, Цģн歳ȥ
Ŷڣ⸮һҲûУοκ˵̬Ȼ歲ֻܾһȥˡ
κ˺ͽһȥͷ, κʱѪȦ, 歲, ڱɵɵؿš
κ, ȻȻؽ, ð, ȥ, ƥϴһ¡
һãȻ
κЦôʹ𣿡
СѾ߸ں棬״ǰ, ǹûЩ飬ãū澵ȴͰɡ
κ˵ɫǳ˵Щ澲ķݣˣȥ
ȥˣʱµֻ֣κ˵ķԸ
κ˶˶еޣвĿ⿴Ž正Σƥϴϴ
̫Χ˹
ҧҧ촽̵صðɣϴϴɡ
߽ƥ
׵س˸ǣһӡ
һӵغһ
ƥ׺κҲʱİ£ǿѱסκ˾ڱ۵ſ歳ܡ
ճ̹Ļͳһõǡ
̫ˣճǹӶסˣǰһߣ͵˼ϡ
ǹ̯УС͵ߣϸϸصСԹԣףǺ𣿡
ƥö˻϶ҪԡСԹԡƺеջ𣬿ϧǹζסˣԴչȥᣬͷһǹӾ˽ȥؽ£˽ȥȻֶԽ歡ԡؽ
Ǹûǣǽʼֺ
κ˦һޣŽǣȥǡ
˹˵ķԸҲΥ棬ѾｫϴˮͰˢӶˡ
ˮȥƥˢϴ
ʲôֽűģһͰˮд뽦κϣǵκһŭ
գգ۾Ҳί£ǰķԸء
ãǾúøɻκ˶˶ţ˦ϵˮӣصƥʮ⼸ͽˣϾ˯չаֲأΨʡ
ֱˣ˼ͷţͲ뿪
歰ˢһӣڲݶ۵ֱ
ղˢ£ȸƵģƥӵúѴԴչ£ʾ
һͷ˱˻أ߿ôһͷǰ
ͷһ£ſˡ
Ա߿Ҳ棬ƥѪѱΪ歽ҪԵͷˣҲ֪ΪΣԽ歾ر׽
ǱشӲݶ˶ϵĲмذ󣺡壬ҿڿʣԸЩˮ𣿡
쵽ˣ̫ɽر磬ʱɫЩˣѾŵʱ䡣
ҲһСŮ찮ſʱҲˣ͵ۿ˿СԺ򡣡
ȥˣϰֽݸһˮҺͼɣҴ˵ĳõģȶԸһЩ
歽˹ȥмصǺˣлᣬһᱨġ
˰֣ҡͷȥˡ
΢˵ˮʳʣµĴʰá
ȻڵǣǳȥˮԲݣһͷһߵСԹԣԵ㣬Եñģʱ·أҾˣɲʧѽ
콥غȥ
ҹ歲ȥ˯ס￴ļŵֱ
ճڣҹѾҲڣǿŲݵֿʼ
ֻߵСԽԼɱˣԭҲǱӵѡ
οκһĲݵģߣȲճͰס˰ɣ˵ԼܿͰнеһ㲻ˡ
صЩ˯š

ϵ̫ˣ¹ⶼڸסˣֻһʵӰ͸Ʋܽǽߣǰ߲ҹɫ
̫Ӱ߳ԶԶؿǣͷһ飬˽
κ˰Щ̬Ǹ˿ģʱòװ֧ˣɲΪĥ歶ѣҪǽ歵
ֻ˲Ų
̫£ܹ۲Ƭ̣ͰĵǺ档

ڴˣŵǣų͵͵ȥ
ܾĵģֻнŲ΢Ϥ
߳˼ȻһΧƺһ
歾ȵػͷȥȴŻˡ
ǱľϴģѻϣѸٵƥ˾˻
ϵǴ˯αѹ
֪ΪʲôǻյرңܵĻһ¾ͰǶƬֻ̹úȻһʮƥԡؽţһֱҵˣһִŻ˳
׵ĽŲܹˣЩ˻ƥֱײһҺģŭһƬźĻ˺ҹյļž
ŵɫףֽһƬ䣬һ˿̿Ѿ֮ˡ֮£Ҳ֪ҧӣСԹԣߣ
ӣһҹɫһ㱼˳ȥ

ԭҰϵĲľѾήˣʳɽƵƬϣϸѩɫظ˿ݲݣ͵ط·
ˣѩ죬ֱ¡
ͣ˲ӣͷȥԵϵĿݲݣ˰Ҳʲô
ѭģӡŵ·ȥ֪˶ãһƬԭϣˮʳﶼľˣƥҲˣʧ˷
Ĺ˲ãľͷǿҰһѩĶ죬ô䡣
ģģһˣԺҲˣЩ꣬ҲЩȻ
ͷصСԹԣԲסҲˣίˡ
Ļͷһ
Ҳ֧Ųסشϻȥ˵ϡ
ԶˣߵǰƥѪ͵ɵŮ˷˾
ѩʼ


 37 

ů, ӱб˻¯ӱߣ֫ٺӽӲ״̬лָ, ̾
۾, ںı, ӰĴߣ̿յú, ĿѬζ, ů˼̻
˹ٿˣ˫ֺʮհ˰ݣлûˡ
˹ô𣿡
歿˹õЦ, ·һ૵صأ˹, 𣿡
˹ֶ׻ȥ̿, һӦ湻󵨵, ּһڲԭ, Ҳǰ, Һƥԭǲһʱ, ǳŻؼҵ·߹ˣʳȥѲߣ·˻
˶, ǵ𣬾ϻؼ󰮡˴Ǹ
歵Ĺעˣؾ˵ܶˣǸˡ
Ŷ˹ޱӦһȫš
ġ歵Ȣ˱Ůӣݲңֻӳˡ
˵ÿһֶģԼȻѹһ±ӣ˶ƭӣԭ˵ﶼԼˣͰ±۸
۽΢΢غˣӯӯӣ˹Ů˿Ҳۡ
˹ߣȻû뵽ִɿȥôһˣģȻˣԺ͸ǺˣҪˣǲ˶ǣĺãʱ
歱˹ٵĻǺסˣŵÿлˣǻԼŰɣҾ͸мˣĺܲˡ
˹ֿο˽歼䣬̲裬һϵİչԼͳȥˡ
˹ȥ游
ضոдţ˿ڣʳȥšʳŵʱ򣬻˹˸š
˹ٽȥضүִûУͱȥˣѰǲɣôϲģԸǲƯޣá
ضЦ˵ʲôأŮˣ˭ҶзǷݵ뷨ҪҪˣ
˵ִɲҪˣ˳ء˹㬵ص
ˣ˹٣Ǻ˼ΪǶҪذȥضɫӶ࿴ʲôء
ض˵ţЩǳüͷǱ̰棬ͷܣѾֳȥѲˣͻʱСĽ
˵ͻˣ˹ҲɥȺǣΪʲôһֱǲţ̫ɺˣǲԭɱ۵Ĳǰ¹Բȥūġ
ض׵ĺӣ۾ԣҺʰŮ˴ˣѾˣˣϣʱһ֮
ͷ˿ϰŵƤͼ̾˵ĪɴɳĮһЩԶϣüɡ
˹ҲĬˡ

ѩµúܴ󣬷һһģķԼ
⼸һֱѩҲܳȥʵʵشڰ棬˹˵ƣʱϰֻԱͷ٣ԶĬ
һСӵ˹̲裬ˮ๾ðݣŨ㣬˸оůġ
歹Ƥɫ
˹Ҩһ̲ݹ𲻿ˣһ㡣
歽ӹһڣζԭȹĲһء
˹ЦǴθȵģִرԸģ۷䣬ζһЩճȵģ
ˣûҲúء
ʵĿζζеɬغţһЩ˼Щ
˹ٹø첲ͱ˽һ£ڷˣʲôأִ𣿡
ûУ˵歲Ǻˡ
˹Ц̫ˣɣʲô˵ء
歱룬üͷƺǺܿյģĬһСһ룬ΪǸ˼е㺦£֪ʱ᲻
ǿ϶ǻģˣҲˡ
̾һҲڣҲڣҺãȴãǲҪģҲʶôɡ
˹ǰ游Ѿȥˣ֪أܿҪˣ˹ٲϽͷԲԵذοЩˣ㶼ѾˣȨҵɢɢİɣǲˣ졣
ֳĬˣСڵغ̲裬ζ㴼Ũȴ΢ࡣ
ƺְ
˹ɤӣ뿪˵ЩʲôͷȻ˼ĺŽȻ˾ŭĺУϮеϮͻˣӭս
˹ٵɫ䣬ڵվôô죡⡣
歴ŵʵôˣ
ͻ׷ɱˡ˹ٴҴҵ˵ģǲкܶսʿܺ͵һսġúô棬ǧܡ
˹˵꣬ժ±Ϲҵĳ˳ȥ
ͷʿѾɱżˡ
ضȻʹˣ粻ֵ꣬սʿǴغʲô
ԭһƬտɾݣֻкͻӲˡΤ˵׸ԼǵţҲӱܣÿ˵϶ű׳ı飬սǵĵ͹
ԶĴѩгӰӰ´µӰӣѹѹس߳˹
ٿȻ䣬ĺŽٴδضһŭȣʿǳɱ˳ȥ
Ƕǲԭÿһ˶ʿΤ˵ս׳ģǵĹѩĻˡ
ײһս˻ѪʿǷŭźҵؽһ
ΤźǾֵضڰ棬һЩ˹һŮ䣬ҲŹ˳
һȺͻʵʿƿսǰߣӲ෽˹˼ľкͿ޺
˹ವͻʿӦ£ʿȻŭײ񣬳˹
˹޷ֵͷܡ
ΧҺģͻʵʿ̤˺ͺӴ˳޺ӡ
Ⱥܵ˾ţȦ˳ĴҴܣͻ˵սײһ
˹˼Ȼ歵ڽּּ
˹٣
˹ٻûü̧ͷ˹ˡ
һ֧˹ٵͷ˹ȥ
˹ٺͽһˤڵϣһ亹żؽкʲôǽ𣿡
ɫɷףǱŻˣ
˹̧ͷȥһһЩѾˡ
Ҷ컹Сѩŵòô죬̱ţͷ׷ɵѩһ춼û

 38 

һƥս˹, һӵͻʽ쿴˽正۾Ȼˡ
ٹ˼ֱ, һ̽, ӥץһѽ
˹پ, ˹ȥͼǺгһ, ӭ, ˹ټһͷһͷɢͷڵϡ
־ŭȭͷƴǸˣȴֱ۱˱, ʹ˹ȥ, ͷϵĺð˳
С, Ҷ, Ȼ, һֺͽŶ, ͲֵǮˡǸ˺ٺٵЦ, ĿͬײеĲǡ
˵ͻ˹ˣ´, еſ
ͻʽĿ׹¶˳Ҫ¡
ʱһͻʿɤӼеضǸкˣǰǹˣﲻʮأܿ͵ҪЩΤˣ׼ӭս
ǽ͵͵һŭӭʲôսȥ𣿴Ҫˣȳ죡ǵ쳷
ͻʾһԱͽ߳ǹصϿľйһսҰܶӣӴ˺ӰʱһϮӭȥҲ˲ӶΤ˵ĲԼһ෴ķˡ
死εץŲţϾòĺŮӣʵƽҹ壬ض۲ƣҲһˡ
ͻʽӴܶȥ˹׷ϣغУ
תۼ䣬ЩͻֻܵüӰˡ
˹ٲ㼱ˡ
洫ٵһƥɫսͬһ嵽˹ٵǰɲס˲ӡ
һԱ佫ڼǹͦ罣СΡɽտͬϽճ
˿̣ɫЩ԰ףס˹٣أڽ
˹û뵽ճͻȻǰһ¡
ճǹ˹ǹϻŸɺԵѪ
˹ٻعϽָָԶǸ򣺡ͻץˣǱߣȥ
ճݺݵسһǺһִ˳ȥ
ԽԽˣѩڰдԣĲԭһƬãİɫ
䣬ճһѣθϮ
ĪɴɳĮˮHһսȻն£ԼˡûüͬʱõѶϢ
һǴݷ洫ģ潪ڻʧ٣һΤ˵ģ˵ȥǸ
ճ˲׷ԵɣϣʲĪɴɳĮֱԭڰ·ϣֵõ˾ͻɱ׷ɱΤ䣬ճĽ歵İΣȫоļȲãƣƥ˫ĺɫѪб۶ȥ
ʱƫƫֳһ歼Ƥ汻°ߡ
ճŭʢǿѹǹѣθУҧҧٴۡ
غǰͻԽԽӽˡ
еͻʽñĶһ׷ںͷһ־Ȼŵûɢؽ¼ӿܵٶȡ
ճƥսһѾһһҹ߲ݵıܣһЩƣ룬ͻƴӴ֮£˫һЩ롣
һǰһ󱼳ţԽԽԶպѾԭıԵشǰɽͺֵصӰӣȥѾʺսⱼˡ
ܵͻΣ׷üˣŭͷ𣬶򵨱ɴס׼ƴһս
һͣٵĹճѾ׷
ͻ˹ȥһۼģճɫҰףǹѪڵ䡣
ԭǾҵĲۣճϵ˿ٶȱѿ
ͻ˴ϲ֪Ѿӣ˵ûᣬȴ֪ΪΣǹƥ׷Ƕ⼸ͻ̰ʹ˸ɫһΧȥ
歱˺ϣһ·ҪȥˣǸͻ˺Ȼְӵ¡
˼ƾűܱܿ㣬˱ȥ
һͷۻڵϣ˰ǿ̧ͷ
֮Ǳߴ˹ɱ˺˷ѩ
һ佫ڼף趯ǹף񲻿ɵʮͻʿսһţȺеͻǹ֮Ѫɽ
ģѩܴҰЩģˣȻһ۾ϳ
塭૵ؽһס졣
ѪԽԽ࣬ڰѩһƬ졣
֪˶ãʯ֮ͷŭĺضȥ
Ǹͻʽ췢ƽУճһǹڵϣŤ£Ȼ󲻶ˡ
ͻ˵ʬ˵һأʧȥ˵սţɢӿˡ
ѾӵվԶԶճ
üĿѪۣⰵŨӰΨǹĺһеĹɲһ㣬ڸ֮ϡ
Ʈİѩ˵߶һ
ƺ¶һЦݣģ΢촽˶·ڽ𡭡
ǽ歲û
ӻ˻Σϵ
壡ʧУȹǱ˹ȥ
ǣɲס˽š
ճڵϣѩ䣬ҪˣѪ̫࣬ʹǿҲе֧Ųס
תͷȥŽ歡
վѩУȹںͳӰӳѩһƮĸо
ֿͣס˲
ǲҪȥˣճģģôţֽű䣬Ҳû̧
ͻѣθճ΢΢ر۾
ʱƬ̵Ļ㱣Ȼߴɳɳ죬΢ġ
ָһ£ͬĳɨôġģ壬ôˣ˵úǸôأ
˵ǡʵֻһܼ򵥵Ĵʣȴճһ£۾歶ߣͬˮⶬѩҲҪڻС
ճ΢΢Ц֣𡣡
ֽˣ˵ˣ͵͵ܳˣǣ㡢㲻ңȻҪˡ
ճ̾ãڲ㡣
ȻȥԺˣҧгݵţеĵ¶Ҫֻݺݵؽѵһ٣۸ޣԺҲˡ
ôţȴصץסҵ֡
ôᣬŴûйһԻסˣԥץס֣ôˣ
ֱỬ·ѩһ㣬Ҫڻġ
ճһһذָ£ֻϸסˣ̾һҵˣû¾ͺá
֪ģؿڴһ£ý歵ĵһɬɬĸоܵġ
صƽղǺôôᱻЩ˴˳Ҫ𣿺𣿡
Թţȴǳӯӯˮ⣬·Ҫ¡
۾ţճͷĿѣĸоˣƶˡ

 39 

΢΢Ц, ûʲôģЩͻ˵ԵʣԭϾʹ, е㻺, û, ΢Ϣһ¾ͺˣ, ġ
ǹɬ, ճгֹ֣ȥҪ
ó歼ҧʹţҪˡ
ŵ˱ѩ㡢ԼŨѪ, ζһĺ֮, , Ļš
ѪҺ, ֻһ, ˤ, æֱȥ, ķѩУͬһ´ӵ
ճˡ
ٿȻԶһҰ޳ƽ, ͸˷Ʈ
ƥ˸ǣٵ档
ճɫˣǡ
ߵĶҰǱѪѭζˡ
ճ㣬Ҫ뿪
歵Сŵɷףĥ䣬ҧ촽þ˳̵ľͷճ塣
ճţһһվҡ£Ŭسĸ첲ڷѩУ֪˭˭
˹ͨԵظ壬ճŽ正ȥ
ǹбѩУ歹ȥ˹Ǳķóϣѹſˣ۾ַˮ⣬ҧһԵؿǹһ
ɫƽǱߣԼ˼ӰǺԽԽˡ
һ˻˳ȥ
ճڽ歵ı󣬰ѴѹϣҪգһҪ󹾹رԹˣֻǽʵ壬ҪˣǸߣ
ѩؿʼͣЪȴˣʣңԶĵط
һƬֳǰģĺڰУɿݵ֦ɲؽһݵֱҹչ
ճͷʾ⣬ûκڵϸΣգȵͷȥһҹҵӦúܿҹ
С
ҹĻ٣ҶҲƲ㣬¶һ¹⡣
᾵ĿסϵӰӣֻ֦ķ϶һЩ߲İףԼ¹⡢ִԼѩɫ
̽ȥû߳ԶȻһСݡ
ôֲڵľģСְã紵ӣľŷ֨֨ѽѽ죬ڼžԵ÷ͻأ
ϲ⣺壬ӣ˼סǿԽסһޡ
סġճ侲صԼ˻Ъŵĵطȥ
ǰ歷ճ
һûκζ
歺ճ˹ȥƿţȻͬճ˵ģһˣһֻе϶һЩݲݣͲ˾סӡ
ʧ̾һϾиطţܱ¶úöˣҲˡ
Ͻճڿݲݶϣ֣ģص壬ǾЪţ˯һ°ɣҹ
Сľݽʮʲݣǽڵľ嶼ƽббģ©磬ǳ¹ӷ϶˽ճϣƺҲ
͵͵Цҹ𣿰ҹﲻ֪ʲô󡢻߳棬ҲȻ
ﲻ֪ҹɣһ
歾һ£˵ճϣװͰ͵شһ£ΪʲôŻң
ճЦţȻüͷ˻һ
歾ŵ֣ԲסҴ𣿡
ճһţ˿ˣۣô죿
ô죿еˡ
һ£һûôˡճЦЦ
Ǻ߷ߵصǻˡ
еˣԶԶȥˡ
ճٶѾʮƣˣ۾˯ȥ
ϤϤ·ǳȥԼ紵֦š
ճ˯úܲȣͷк˳͵ط˸
һֱܵӣ˲ȥʱ򣬾ŵ¹⣬촽ѣ߳Ѫ˿
۾΢΢ˣֺܵĽëӡ˰͸ӰȥһִĴ
壬ڿҪҪˮ
š͵͵ӦһҲ֪ûĻ
ȥ棬ӵȡһɾѩصУסѩѩػˡ
ѩڻʱ¶Ⱥ䣬ָͷҪˡ
СС䲻סˮֻһСˮգ歺ۣŴյճߡ
壬ȵˮ
ˮУֻһ㣬ȴճ˹ۿźƵСǰָʪģ̲ס촽ȥڻѩˮ
ֺ֣ˮأֲˡ
ճȴüͷȥѩô죬Сˡ
ǡ
ҲʣҪˮ΢ǹϡ
ֻܳĬˡ
ճҲ˵ֱ۾
￴һɫԽԽ԰ףƺʼ΢΢ز
־ʧˣ壬ôˣܡ
û£õġû۾ֻúص
ճĶͷѩһ䡣
촽ֳһֺܵĻɫ
歵ĳȥ
塣ؽ𣿡
ţһ㡣ɱ۾ˡ
ҧ촽˺ܾúܾãءظȥ
¹ǳɽˮһ㣬ӣҹӵ΢ˡ
ֻסĲӣӵ繡
ճ΢΢۾
歵ļϣůĴУһһĴ
Ļ㣬ͬ¹˳١
𡣡
ţ̧۾
¹⣬ҹɫ´棬Ƕȿȥ۽΢΢𣬼ȴģôӣ·Ҫȥ
ߵص䣬ӣ᲻ůЩ
ᡣ·̾ϢٱһЩҺ䡣
ƭˡ歺ߺԹţȴرס
סؿڣһˣҵúܡָʶıĦţǵƤСӵġ
ճƺ䡢ƺȣһìܵĸоϣӵĵϣԶҪ룬ϣȥΪ޷͡
彿С磬ĻУССһţıѩڻ
չȥ
Ϣļϡ歴˸¡촽Ҫˣ޴ӱܡ歽ŵˣɴ۾

 40 

۾
ճ۾
歶һ¡
ճ촽, ¹Ⱦζ
𣬿𣿡΢š
歷ҡͷ
˿ϲȥ, 顣
ճЦһ, СɵıӼӡһǡ
ŵô˸СС, űӣصһ, ȻҲˡ
ϲ𣿡ĶޱͻȻôʵ
ϲ歺ص
ԭ˵, ϲˣһֱǵ仰ճŽ正Ŀרעᡣ
ȼǵһĴɫģٻʢ
ӴڰӣСһ, ߴߴؽл壬, ȥ, Ĵ, û, ҡ
۵Сֿһ, 侲صҲ, 𣬱֣Լȥ
ϲ, òãµСЦʱǣͬķչ⡣
һ仰סˣֱ
Ǵʱ歹ϵصûУû˵Ǵˡ
һ£˿ճ񣬽ֵˣȥ˵ΣŮ˵Ļǲģ˭㵱ˡ
ԭǸûĵġճصʲôˣȴû˵ϲңһӶϡ
㲻Ҫ˵ˡ歼߳ŭˡ
ҵ㸸ϣȢΪޣ㸸һ˵̫Сպ飬һȴְκӳҲȲκӳҴԼǸˣǣҶȴǺõģұκ˶á޸Һ𣿡
ˣͰ͵صʲôʱˣ㻹˼߶Ҳ
ճڽ歵ıӼشһ£ǲںߣ
歸ɴճؿڣ͵ʲôû
ͷϧûʲô̧ãţζذǱģȴһƬȡ
ҹɫܳ¹ǳģĺڰУճ˻㱣˯ȥ
ͻȻ䣬洫ƥ˻ٶ񣬴
Ȼôˣͷʲô𣿡
ԽԽꡣ
ҳȥ
ճҧҧ⣬ǿԼѹԼȥ
死ԥַ𣬿㣡
ճʱ򣬼ֱû˸Υ
死ŻŵӦһȥ
ճŽ正ҡҡڰڵվʾ⽪歰ǹùס˱ƺָֻһƣһǹһַŽ正ѵ˳ȥ
õƿķ͵ع˹
歼ҪʧС
ԶƥҰرƽҰ޵ҹɫӨӨĹ⣬ˣǴӺһֳƵĹ
ǰ겻ӡ
ճҧǹס壬˽һѣȥߡ
һ£þ̵۾ճأΪʲôһߣ
ճ侲صƥҲˣˣܲ죬һ˲ӵߣ𣬱£졣
ҰٿȻ٣ر˹
ճǹһȻɨȥסǵĹơ
ƽգҰޱУǿ֮ĩǿӭսЩʹƥǱǹɨУ͵ش˸׺˹
ǹĺӹƻҰǱ˿ȥצӻ˳ץճճһͷΣ䱻˺һӣʵѪҺӿ˳
ǱѪȵζ̼ˣԴ󷢣ݺݵƽţƥͬʱԾһƥճһƥ˹ȥ歵ķȥ
ճһȣԼ󿪣תǹһ̳ڽ歵ǰ棬ƥǱȥ
Ȼƺһֱצץһ£򵹡
̧ͷŽȵ𣬿ߣ
ֻ֡شߴš
˺վӵűߡɫҰͬһҹѩȴֱͦ֫ؽеҲߣ
𣡡ճ־ŭ
ôᣬôᶨţҲߡˣҾһţҾͺһؼңҲ뿪㣡
ƺͣһ£Ĩһ۾һʣô壬Ҳˡ
ճǹǹѸ֮ٻǵ۾
Ұƽһǹ
ճ˳ƻף˽һۡ
ҹɫ۾ҹǳô䡢ôһ˲伸Ҫȼ
΢΢ЦӭĿ⣬ɬ
ãճٿȻһȣŷҰǣܲˣֱֱӭϣǹǵͷƥǷ˱ƽУ¶צץճĸһ£ǹɴſǹȭһƥ͵Ϯǡ
һһǹһţ˵ϣŤ򲫶
Ǻ̶׺ݡ
ϵѩų¹£ãɫ
ĿתضǱߣĽ߬סԼģָ׶Ѫһûиоֻţǣ̵ͬĵ񣬱ŽӲơ
֪˶ã䵽˿᾵ϣҹɫˡ
ѩ﷭˺ǽֹͣˡ
塭歲ؽһ
ճûлش
歵ͷһƬհףĵ˹ȥ
ƥѹճϣһ
歲֪ذǳˡƥѾ͸ˣǵԴһȥ
ճѪ
歡ͨһ߶µȥȥգҲѪġ
û
ճв򣬼żڽ歵ĶУȴͬһ㣬ۡؿˡ
һ߿ޡһ߱סճͷһؽ塢塭
Ѫźˮճ£΢΢۾ȴôᣬһ㵭Ц⡣
ճľȥôһϲֻԼѣϣͷԼϥϣѩرһҲԸ֡
磬Ψѡ
ɫ¹£Ϣӡ
ճ˯ˣѪϽ
歵һһεȴȵġ
ֵԶлһ㣬Ȼ󽥽ضˣۼһأּҹ
ӣ˳˻
졢죬ǱߣУǲǹүȥ˾ϲشţӵ߱˹
歱ճ૵ص壬ҴӦģؼңԺҲ뿪ˡ


 41 

ڷĬĬľ, һһشָⲦȥȴƺ̴ζҲԵճ, ڱǼ, 䡣
̫ˣͻȻƿ, ʧس˽ү, , ȥ
žડһ£ӶϿˣӹһء
ŵҡ£ָϽס̫ˣء
žһѣΣһĻϤ, ޣҲŻŵܹ˵, һ档
, ֵ
̫, үѾŴϹȥ, үһµ, šּص
ɫҰ, ֵ֣شȥ
ҴҵظϵճԺӡ
ոԺţʱںУŮϳȥ, ɱûУ
Ȼǽ歵񣺡ҪҲ뿪壬ǱҲҪߣ
̤˷ţڳʲôұ죡
˼Ž˿Ϊó˵ط
ֻн死ſڴߣץճӣͷҵɢţϺ϶ѪͳǱֿǿװͰ͵صʱһ㲻ʾ
覹˼һ۾ͿĶڴϣɫҵݻҡ촽ǰɫ
ĶӣһĶӣûйģǰڣҧסˣǿԼѡ
ΧһȺһ뷢԰׵Ϊճʩ룬ͷͷʲô
侲صճ
һƳػ֪Ҳ̫ˣүΪգ̫ѪûмʱΣţҵֻܾЩҩȥ֮ѹͺãܡ
򲻸˵ˡ
һѹĿж󣿡
Ǹ׷ϴγ룬ʱԻصһж֮ʵ˵ܲܿùȥ˵ҪǺ˼ˣ컯ԼѹҲδ
ʱǰһָŽ正ŭΪգΣһϵʮݰǺεȽƽȽŮ˺ģ֪ʲôԻǵôʧǣĻ͵
ҲǣûУᣬ˻еû뺦ûУ
ʱɫ࣬һ֣Ҳϻˡ
ɣˣú֣һϺȡ
ʱв֮ɫĸҲΥ棬ֻܺ޺޵صͷ
Į˽һۣȥЪϢɣģճйңΣһչ㣬ֻҪڣּܻ֮أ㲻õġ
歺ᣬȴ΢΢Цҡͷл̫˵⡣ǣҺͱѾ˵ˣˣҾһûʲôɵĵġ
ƺһ£̾һǸúӣվûй
ĸס
ʱ˵Щʲôֹ̧ס
ɣȥţʲô飬һж˵ŵģճһԴǺǴ˲ݾܾζ
ǴҲѲأͷûɵðʱһ𣬳һ亹ԥһ£˳ȥˡ
歹ڴߣץճһֱû֣ŵؿţ̫ˣҲߣҪű塣
Ŷӳ˯ӣȻ㲣ɴһ̬òʶЩʱ򿴹ȥ־ڹЩơ
ߵߣòӵϲޱĬããֻϣķϣܹѹ

ҹѾˣϵĺ򱬿һƻҡҷһ¡
歾˹ԭŴӣ㻬ȥæӣ££Ĵ멡
ӵĽ˿ɻ̿⻹ѩľ̿ȼʱ΢žѩʱϤϤһҹԵô
歿˿ߵճô䣬΢΢һů⡣
͵͵ؿ˿ܣѾߺʹ䣬ӣԿӰӰ´µӰӣƺûעߡ
歸ճĶͷһǡ
СֻԼģһ㶼˯ôˣΪʲôأٲѣҾˣԺҲˡ
ͣ˺þãûӦӰʣϣĨȥĸ֮⣬ʱȥԵЩ͡
̾һ˵Ҫȥŷݡдԣ㻹˵ҪץһֻСӣٹһ¾ͿˣһأǰӦҵ飬ûʳԹ壬㣬϶ƭҵģǲǣ
ûлش
ץס֡ôͷ˽ȥ૵صֻˣ塭
ȼţһһεҹδ룬ֱϨ
¹͸ɴѩӰӣˮ
¹֣˯ˡ

ϱһ£е歹ţ£˯
ֱһ¡
ˣԺ۾˭ôѽ컹ûأҡ
ˣ𡣡ճ΢ȴ˵ᡣ
Ѿӿһ£үˣˣ˰
ϱæµ
򡢴򣬿ȥ̫ˣӣүˣˣ
˵
۾ǳͬڴٻ¡ԼһҹѩУ񣬴δı
ҹѾ콫һаδʵĹӰУʲô·һӱŷ̵۾ۣ歵ứ
Χ˽ճΧסˡ
Ƭ̣źʱæظ˹
Žʱһ£ʱϽסŷʱĸ첲ŵ˴ǰ
ճɫǲ԰׵ģĿѾһۣصҲѽնڽ£Լ츸֮顣
ű۾۽ǻһᣬҪѹԼȴй¶ʼã֪ˣúܺá
ճĬһ£ڻǵӲТĸ׵ˡ
ŲԸǰʧ̬棬弸òƽʱ۾ƽյ壬ŶӰΣ֪˵ʲôֻǵͺãúϢɣʲôպ˵
ճ۾תʱϡ
ʱˣ֣磬û¾ͺã̫ˡ̫ˣ⼸죬ͷĸ˵ʲôĶУҡҶ֪Ǻˡ
ճüͷ΢΢塣
ɡŶȻֹȱ˵Щ
ǣĸסʱϽͷ
ճҲ׷ƺЩƣ룬΢΢ر۾ˣû£ǶȥɣҪϢ
˳
ԥԥؿճһۡ
𡣡ճ۾ߣҡ
šЩߵӦһ͵͵ؿ˿ˡ

 42 

˷·ûһ, ܿͳȥˡ
ճ۾ֽһ𡣡
ôᣬǴŵЦ⡣
˹ȥ, رס
Ȼί, Ҳ֪Լίʲô, ҧ촽˼޳, ļѴ, ȥᶼϣӶŪʪˡ
ճ̧Ž歵ͷ洫Ĳ
𣬿ҡ˵
̧ͷ, ۾׵ġģˮ, ϻմҵķ˿, һ߰㡣
ȻǺһֻСӡ
ճ΢΢Ц, , ҹ, һ
ʲôԺ, ԹԵش˹ȥ
Ӳ̧סĺ, ѹԼ
ĺϣǻȵģ𣬿𣿡
ʵûиؾأ䣬Ѿ
촽ǸɺԵġƺҩζһ࣬ȴһҶǡ
ҧ˼УǴʳһǹӣһۡ
Сͷ̽ؾһ¡
һƺߣٿȻָս
Сһ֨֨ؽشζҺУֻȥƢɬ
Сȭͷһ¡
ɿ˿ڡ
̱ϣڴڵسϰָͷá
ճҲһ
˾һ
歵ؿڲһ¡
ճ˷·һһ㣬ô죿
死ŵش̧ҪĵͽӣʲôأոúЪţ㿴㣬ɫôѿҲ֪ζգɰˡ
˵˵ţҺûˡҺá
Ȼ
ĿŵûɢϽ˽
ճȻȥûʲô쳣΢̧֣˰ڡ
˳ȥ
ߵòӶˣٿ޵ôǳᡣ
·ˮģᡣ
ճֻôޣû£㿴Һõúܡ
歺ǿޡ
ճҿڿʡ
ϲˣˮ
ĺС¯Ų歾ܾѾߵİæԼһ˽ȥͷ
ճŲ
歾СιȡĽëϻžӨӣ紺ˮ
ճźһڣͿǺˡ
歽ôˡôˣ
ճɫе̡
ѽȥء歲ţ촽һ˵ˣ̡
촽ʪģŷҧĺΣҪƤˡ
ճιҡ
ιѽ死˵һ룬ȻʶͼֻúһˣŵýͰ͵ģǲɡɣҪǱ˿ˣһҪҪˣ
ճŽ正ҹɫҪûЦ꣬С㣬ֻң֪ͺã𣬿һھͺãҲ̰ģֻҪһڡ
ڴϣô㲣ȥյĸӲԵ˶΢Цš歵ĺȻһŴ࣬ſſ޴ʰ
ŵػͷ˿Űڣʹ
ֻͷ˿ճߵص۾ϡ
ճذ۾
歺һڲظȥԿڶ
ˮŻһ¡
ճ۾ĴΣһűӣңĹӣ֦ͷĿС
֪ͱһǣǰ㼤ңǳġĴþã롣
ճѽıУ歲ѹסСĵһţһһڵģЩļⶼһ£һӡ
ʱ˵Ҳ뿪ңǲģճ
ء歺ϸӦˡ
ճ룬е㲻ģǸûĵģ˵ⲻɣһҪһ־ݲźá
˵־ݡиµǸӡӣòУһԣҾ˵ںģ档
ճ촽һ£ȴŲɵרϣ޷ҲӵġҽߣԼߣһҲĻˡ
Ȼ˻һذԵͲö
歺޺޵šһ£ת̾һſвˣˣѾϰˣԣʲô취أ

޵Ӵһأ˿ԿͷͷȥȴֻʵһƬ￴
ϴ棬ѹų:ͷʱʷƽЭʮɣûʲôӣǹүڴ󣬲֪˭ҥ˵һЩĻھЩĻ̵̻ģүѹסֹʷ²һЩִ
˵ס˿ڣ˿ĶЩ
ճţصΣҲȥ˵ǾԼӲˣĵ𣿡
үϼʷԹ൨ģ޲֮⣬ÿ϶񻹹ڸſûأֻүһ档
ϼͬ飬һʱˣ
歱ճ˯ţ˹۾ؽһ塭
ճļڣûʲô飬˯³ŵʱҽ㣬ڻء
ܵɫϸɴĻչӰֻԼĻĩ˵Ļ¶һ㣬ʵĹУӲɽ¯Ŀ϶ˮһ㡣
ĻУ歵˯ôҲ˲ȥճͰˣԺ۾ճϲ˲䣺ţ˯һС
䶯£˯ȥˣСӣëëˡ
ճ̲סͷ¶һЦ⡣
һ£ƽؿʼָˣǽ正ˣͷһиȥԼȴˡ
ڴ򿴹Ժ˵ǲ̫ˣľһʱվͺá
歲Ժˣ֮ǰŵˣ˵úܣϲճÿ˯ǰҪճĴͷ죬˯˲ȥճУ䱾СҪ

 43 

ԼȻѾת, ЩͿʼǰˣʮ񶼶ѻãҲ׵ĸű븮, , Ϊ˲ʱ, ֻվ⣬С˵Ż
ճŽ˯, ŵضϵٹ, ʱѾ֪ˣûʲôҵҼһӶɵĵȣ͸ѭǣԼ, ţּҵ, , ܸһ㡣
ǡ
ϲΪ, ǲ, ر߾ҹ, в۵, Ψ߾ϡȻͬ޵ãܺʱֳͬն, ĳճˣʱĹء
ճӣȻϵı飬ײµ롣ճȥôϣҲҪҵķԸ𣿡
ȻϽϥ£²ҡ
ճ¶֮УΨеͷۣƺÿؽȨʱǶۣмƽϣʱ˵΢΢̾Ϣһ£΢ͻһ㣺ˣȥ
Ϲûü˳ȥ洫ٵĽŲʱ磡
ſڵסʱүֹδùү٣κ˲롣
ʱ־ŭκµĴֱţɤŴУ硢ҽȥ
̫ˣ˽вضһ£ë˶ۿҪѹ
ճһ£ϡ
ϲǶĸϵ˼˷ţһסʱүүķԸ˵زøΥϻϳԺӡ
ʱһѳסϣ֣ͽȥʹ˵һ䣬Ҫ£ؼһ档
ʱʲôҪ£ϲ̫ճ˼ԣ
ҡͷүүذɡ
ճֻ˵һΣû˸ɡ
ôʱͷϵĺȴ˳һ½󣬡ͨһŷŹˡ
ȴ޶
ӵ䣬ճѽ歱˻Уظıûʲô£ԣ˯ģúЪš
΢΢ۿһ£۲ˮŴζճ־ҵ
ͷ
󣬽ζڷ˿䣬
死ֱ۾ճĻУͬëһıӡ촽С䣬Ȼ¡
һ£·ȫë׶ſˡڰУΰ֮䣬ؿڴ̵Ϣӡļϡ
ָˣûһôᡢôᣬıԸȫ룬һ˺ߵΣεЩ̫ˡ
ôģģţȴøȥˣزţŵ㣬ͬ¹չɭ֣Īذġ
˯ˡ
滹ʱԼİ磬ˡһֻһʱߣдһڲһᣬɱ磬ˡ
ճޱ飬ɫ
硢磡ʱʹࡣ
ɻ̫ˣһκ˾ߵⲢճı⣬ճüͷ
Ƭ̺洫ǹ̫ˡ
Žˡ
ֻȨǲġ
Ȼճһ£ĸл˵
ճ˽һۣ˯㡣
ȥˡ
ֱˣͷˡ
վ߲̫ãƺһӰɫ
վţճ಻Զ
ĸ˳Ĭ˰Ρ
ڻȴ˳Ĭҹκġ
ճ¶һЦݣôûҵȻҲ˸ҵ
Ѿʱݷ鶼ϣ˸κȥһƺһ籣ԼѡԭΪѾˣʱధҲ£ôһ˵ȴˡ
ز˶ӵ̬ȣ̾һճҾ£⼸һֱκҷгʲŷסˡ
ճ˷ϲڵĳصĸף㲻Ҫ֣Ȼ֪ңǾӦףҲ
һճƽĮƫҶ㣬κѪףɱҪϱ֮֮߱ҲϧκˣǲԸҵĶմ
ճɫĮȻкηҵ˫մѪȣ
ҽ⡣ŵһжģҵҲ׹䰢ǵֻǵҵ̫أʱ㸸׵涼Ȫ¿յҡ
ףճֳĬˡ
Ŷκ˶䵭ģԼɷͶӣ˵ŨҵѾһϺľˣҲȲ
ճǵúСʱҪĸױȴֻĮȻƬ̣תȥˡ
޵úģޱ˺þúþáԺҲûп޹
޸ճһУ۰ڴƺòӦ޾Ͱе˼ճֻΪĿУճŵĶӣ֪ʵǡ
ճߣһС
ŵͳ񣺡ճĸ㣬һߣ͵㸸׻°ɡ
ճغһĸףȳȥɣҿһ¡
ԾڴˣҲ˵ˣĬĬشüĿתȥˡ
ճɫò꣬һ㶯˳
ȹڵϷ·ˮһ
歴ӱסճϣ͵͵ؽһ塣
ճĽ歵֣˯𣿡
歰ϲһ£ûУ˯ˡ
ճתסССһţƽ
ʵ㶼ˣ
šͷ
ճЦЦûʲôģһʵӦңպһỹɣ𣿡
κճѪףճȻͲּҵĹѪ˵Ȼеζ
̧ͷż⣬ճһ£һ
ˣֲֺܴãһֱأ㲻֪𣿡ҧĶ䣬ôˣҲνˡ
ճЦˣеĳȥˣԭģã֪ˣʹӲãҵŰɣպеʱˣ֪ʵס
еĲ⣬ŷȭһ¡


 44 

ץסСצ, ŵߣҧ
ǣذ, Ҫɱ𣿡
ճüë, Ҫ, 㻹ʲô飿
歲صʵҾöԲס㱾ķ, Ұ, ҿǷԹҲǵȻġ
ճʧЦָڽ歵Ķͷϵһ¡
ϡסͷص
˵ʲôɵκĹϵ, ôȢ, κĸŮ, ɺκԴΪҪЮ, ҪȢŮ, ˵ʵ, ʱȷʵԥһ, ˵ʱ䣬ĸ׵ҺΡ
, 壬֪ˣ㲻˵ˡ
ԭģһֱǣ𡣡˵
ʤκɽ˺ġ
歵һ£ǣ֪أҲǸˣ壬ҺúõģҲ뿴ҶһȰˡһأ𣿡
ճͷˣţġ
ȻѾˣճͻѾ߽Ļ̽ױϴ
¶Ѫ˿ѸճˣȻҪһš歹ԹԵӦˡ
ճųȥ
ʱճϥڵ֮ɫ磡
ճ򵥵ص
ʱæһ¡
ճٲʱظϡ
磬֪òԡʱֳ󣬹ǣ˵ҪΪޣҵӣĴҵĴҸԸκγͷֻңˡһһӶмģ硣
ճδÿɷɫֻġ
ܿߵá
ճȥ϶ˡ
ʱվףɫڨڨģ
ճתͷԸңƬ̣Ѻκ˹ˡ
κͷɢɫҰףҲյǰһѣ˵ϣ档
֪ճĮ飬û뵽ˣҪȥǵʱ޵رŵĴȣ˿̿ڻȪ֮ˡ
ֺֻޣҧˣΪ־̲ס
ʱģ۲ѣǰһճǰͷ˵
ճĿɨ׵ˣ䶨ʱϡ
ɣҪ𣿡
ʱصؿһͷ翪ɸм㡣
ճɭ䣺ˣ⣬ӣʮޣܰùȥ컯
κ˾̧ͷֵؽ
ȥģӻǻղŵƻʹˡ
ػң͵˹ȥץסʱ֣ŰүүȾңҲҰү
磡ʱһ
ʱֻһơ
мְ˽ŵذʱסˡ
ǷſңҪʲôʱĿѣϧôҲѡ
һ׳еĺıӡ
κ˼ֽŲõҪ
ӴźХ˹ˢһѪ⡣
絶һ̹ǵʹκ˴ҽţεȥ
ִһ޽һޡ
κ˿ʼʱܿ޽ڵϴ֮ˣȫѪܵſͷһš
ʱغУϵļⶼΡ
ճ΢̧һ֡
סʱſ֣ʱ˹ȥסκˡ
ֱ޵ûκͣ٣ӳ˹ʱϡ
һƺһ£ҧסˡ
Աһվƽƽߡˡšʮ
κ˴ӽʵ״̬лָѾʱ˻С
˵ϢŨĺζ񣬵ǣǱһһºХȴǳϣѪ鶼ϡ
̫ˣʹ裬սԸȥԣֻûʱĻв֨
ʹࡢ߳ܡ־壬ָоһϮκ˵ͷʧʹ
ʱȴΪΪޣøˡ
һ¡
֣سճ¡
שһƬѪ߰ߡ
ʱŹճǰǿл硭ɱ֮
û˵꣬˹ȥ
κ㱵طԺһƬհס
ճĿ˹̵ͬһ飬ִӾʹ˹
κˣΨһĻᣬס˭㱣ģպ󣬺Ϊ֮
ճվطȥ
κ˴˰ΣٿȻ³һѪһҲ˹ȥ

ʹڳǡ
ĹͬɽһҹɫߵӰӡһܽǹſľ޿ڣȴʲô
κµѾ˻ʳǣҼ־ͳ찵дͨˣﻮ£ڶˡ
ʿ׵ĽŲڼžĹԵøԣѵӰԾţӡڸ߸ߵļеǽϣ˵ӰӶŤˡ
κһȳһ˵ţط˽ŲˣЩ顣
¡ɫԣµ͵͵ػһ
κҧҧּᶨǰȥΣѾû·ˡ
ϹλãԹζֻһ֮ңȴΪһ
ܣκӵ飬ұ޸ӣˣҲں֣ƴһܺùսѰ
κʿ˹ǰ
ŽգŻϵ
κҪȥشˡ
ԣѾˡ
ĻѳǽͷĹŹźļͷֱָ·ֻҪһ£ܰѹЩı֮ɴһ㡣
κֽű䣬ɿеĽ
ǽ۵һڵϣ
κϹﲻסߵͷʹ飺ϣһʱͿҶӢ䣬ûöɴ󸸻ˡҲˡ
κ߷̵ĸ̫ʩʩȻӹ˳ǰ̫ҲǷģ֪ԭĸǰ̫ӹͷô˵͹һ㲻
ϧǸ˸
̫ص˰ȥɡ
!κţͼ˹ס̫Ľţ߹Ҽһ棬ҴˡҺܺڡҡҪ򸸻ʽͣⲢҵı⡣
̫˽ţЦһʵѾܾˣһֱĻı϶ʧˣģ㻹ȥ˼ɡ
һ£ֺٺٵЦҲأҲûʲôʱ˼ˣ绹ʡɡ
κ˸̫໰˼ĵѣһŭ𣬾Ҫ˹ȥƴ
ӵĽѾεذסˣȥ
̫ҡҡͷתȥ
κӵ޹κӻĿ࣬ʿΧ̫͹ԶԶعףҴ
̫Сǰ䣬κѾ͵ֹ̧סϣûʲô˵ģѺն˱ǡ
Ǹ̫Ѿ˽κˣ赭дһ˵Ҳһ£ֻܵͷӦŵ

 45 

ܿ, ܻʺ֪Ϣæ˹
ʿţòܻʺ, ܻʺ󲻹ܲ˵عŲײ, ʿվ, ˫ֲ£˽
κһЦɡ
ܻʺ˽, ɫɷ, ͦñֱκӣŶׯ°ݣμ¡
ۺ֮ĮκӶŲܻʺҲһĮ飬Ͷ˵֮ǵʺΪ, ͲҪˡ
ܻʺ̧ۣĿһֽɫҲΪ, ֻͱһʽס
κΪ, üëʲôף
֪һ׮, Ը˵, ñ¶⡣
κӰκҲТʲ, ϲˡ, ֪ʲô£ȻΪҪЮֱĵЦ
ܻʺ, ƿЦ£϶֪˵һǳҪ飬ұڶһӶźңʽףڵġмҵģ飬йأҲ̫йء
κڱɫʺ֪Լ˵ʲô𣿡
ϣܹκӶݵģҲֻ֡
ܻʺսȭͷָ׶ȴƽ£ҪҪʽףԸҼһͷײһȥˣζ֪Ǹˡ
оգһ㣬κӵȴŨŨӰ֮ϣĿ粻
ܻʺֱκӣܡ
ãκ³һ㣬˵

ҹˣͷһף봺ĵһףشţҪˡ
ɴĵУ𾲾ȼţƹ͡
ű۾زеİ顣
ɮУڭ誹ףһΣغ˾
ŵϰߣÿ˯ǰҪһľ
ʵͬжͬľģ£誾;ζˣҲ֪Ϊûһ룬ոһգ·ûֹš
Ա߻˻֣վ˳ȥˡ
Ļһ磬Ȼһףһ£ˮ¡
۾ߵĮ̇ǰɫλˣ᲻䣿
شģֻз
վ˺ܾá
ߵţֳȥˣֽɫɲ̫ˣͷԳĹˣӰ
ɫ䣺ҹˣ˭
ǣԼҴүױţ˵Ҫ£һҪϼ
ֵż㡣
Ų𿪿£ȷֳƽ׿ֻּȼ֡ݣһǡ
ŷż㣺ǣ˽ɡ
ֳȥƬ̺һ˽ν׳࣬һ񣬽ԼͷŶñܵ͵͵ѹһò
ŵطԸ֣ȳȥͷš

תۣоֻʣźǸ֮ˡ
һѳ˶ǰһƺЩңǾɡ
˿üĿʹʥˣ֪кιɣ
κоţʱ׽֮˽ԻɡҲˣȻһģʱôᣬЦŶɽôˣҰֶˡ
ֻؽϡĮģͬİ·ˡ
κڼĳӲʱʱȻ޸ˡ
ԵؿţôȻţĿͬ
Ųе飬졣
κӵĿ䵽޵λʮ޵ңķˣຮ֮أôԶһ涼Ը
κӵıʺʹͬʱռˣģǵܡ
ͷԽԽˣôڴϣٶ

ߵȻ𣬽ʹ͸һƷԲʯ϶˷УΪū澣Ʒʮϧģ±ۻȥҪȡء
յΣӦѾԼаЪˣ調쵽õʱȴеĵƻţڷƺŵ֡
пһ£֪Ӧ߿ģһʱһ£ʹӻԱ˹ȥ˷õĲ󷽣Ĵţ˵
Сĵһ£һ˸ߴӰӳڴɴϣĶð˺һ£ûˣðһ󵨵ͷСؿˣǽǱߣš
Ǹ˵ţȴѹֲסļңճ˭ĹѪ
һ׺Ȼը졣
誼ʧУֵסԼ졣

̫ˣƹҲ΢΢ҡҷһ£ôһ˲䣬ŵģӰ
κɫһ˿ˣ֪桢˽飬ǰǲڱԼĸ飬ɴź͵һ޶ľ
ȴ¶һЦݣֻǼ򵥵صճ֡
ǣκӷ
͵ǰһüĿе֮ɫֲðͣס˽ŲȻʮǿӲ
Өңһ󲻾ãҹңʱ򡭡ʱ㻹ûм޸ޣѾУǸҵģҵģ
ŵɫƽˮԲ
κӵţվָšŴΪʲôһΪʲôңʱ֪ҡҡ
ִ֪Σƽ
ҡκӶסˣʹץץͷΪʲôܵȵң֪㻳ҵĹ⣬޸˵ģ
ƺˣٺκӶ˵վ˷䣺¡ձϣ档ȷǰԣ֪Ҳɵ˷ĵط
̫ˣκӳ˻ʵۣҲܹȾָˣ֪κӷŭޱȡ
κսȭͷճҵĶӣûйϵ㲻ƭǸ㣬ȻѪԵ˼˸ᣡ
ŵȻ⣺ճ֪ԼҲ֪⣬һֱճԼĺӣһУճ£Զʤĸס
κһϣɫ԰ס
ŵڳһ˿飬һֵĳϣ㲻ҪپˣճʲôӣӦҲ֪һᣬ㣬ͼ֮ĸ֮飬ϻνɱ㣬ţһԡ
κʹĿţãļٵĴ
صϥŵǰ


 46 

ĮȻ, 㡣
Һܺڣһֱ˵仰κӶ϶ص, ô, ʼղϼһ, 㡢ֺ㣬, Ҷûиı, һȥӵ£ܸһУЩĶ֪ﻹҵģǻصǰòã, ľɡ
ҵľѾˡһ꣬Ҷȥ, Ҳûлſκ, Ŀϲޱ, ûкڰɡҲûкĺ, ʱ̫, ʲôʲôˡ
κ, ľһֱڵ㣬ֻܹͷһۡ
ҡͷת, ߵ̨ǰǺɫľƣָ⻮޵֣繣ҲֻԼ׵̫һҪˣԼΪǰڱ壬и£үͷңоڣһӣֻꡣ
κӷŭصͺ𣺡
߰ɣκӡŲͷֱ׵ؽ֣ʼͬİ·ӣطꡣ
κӲʵŭǻʵۣҡ
ϣĸ˵Ļ𣿡һſڴضκδ
űƿˣ͵ع˽ճſڣźҹꡣ
κЩΣѸٵشӵվֱ
ճ˽ƸɣտٱüĿһƬʯ
κӿճͷһĶӣѪǣȴͬСκӷֲǽǷŭֻؿģ͡
ǰЩɬճ
ճǹ˹ȨҵЦ⣺ϣĸɡĿɭ䣬˿飬Ҳϲ˶ԣִⲻҲⵣһ֮߱
κӼȾŭճ㸸ף
סڣճϺȣҵĸֹּҵҸǰԣҼȡ
κû㡢㡭
ָָ̧⣺ճͿ͡
ճϣ룡
¡¡һһ󣬴ϳѹըسơɫ绮ĻײҲҵġ
κͬһֻ˵Ұް޺޵شϢţĿ⿴˿ճһţ˳ȥ
ճһ·κӳȥΪͿͣʵΪѺ
ָſڣһȺµȺκӳΧϡ
ʱκ˲ܻʺһ֮£ֻİ΢ҹţ鲻ûƽԽڡߺޡ裬һ𣬲һ㡣
ͷճһۡ
ĶӣᣬУ̧̧߰֡
κӵǰȻرա
κӵҧÿ죬ΧǵͷҴ
ΣκָֻƽһԲȥ

ưõĴ¸ͣˮմʪ½
ճκӳȥĪЩƣ룬̧ȥ˽歵Ժӡ
ôˣԼѾ˯ˣճҲ֪ԼȥʲôĪԼֻǸŴӿһߣ˾ͺá
û뵽Ժӣеĵƻš
СѾ⿴ճүˡ
ճߵ£Ѿ߽ӹɡ
ѾӷгˣŴ멣һͷ˿ɢţϴһ˫Сľ죬વܳ塣
ճˣ˯ҪϢֲ
歳ճӣһȥߺصͷףҺ£е˯š
ԵﵨСʲѾѹˣǲ˯ĵƶͨģūǲɵģӸ˯ˣô
ճཪ歵ͷȥ˯
һ£º͵ص￴˯£˯Ҳߡ
Щߵͷţǵ£תȥȲҪ
ճת
ϤϤҹϸ΢ˮѾǷŽȥѣѵĶ
һˣתˡ
ճ΢΢Цţߵ˴¡
ѾҵƣֻСڽϼɴԶԶطڽǱߣ¶͵⡣
ͷϵȵ˿Уתϯ֮䣬Ǳ߻һЦ⣬ճӰʣļƺһĹڰԡ
ճظȥĶͷһǡҹˮƩ¹⡣
ճƽɺܴô߸ǽһƬĽգֻضġ
𡣡ؽѾˣТڶˣԼ޸𣿡
۾ŵ˹˯ȫޣͰ͵صôȻ˵
ճ۾ҹɫҹɫ᣺Ѿܾˣ𣬿ԴӦ𣿡
ӣס˰ֻ¶һ˫Բִ۾ʹգţ˾ŵСƵģᣬʣô㣿ҡҡҲ˵ˡ
ճ΢Цã֪ˣǴӦˡ
死ش𣬾ʹչȥǻСһϸͣڽ歵ķü䣬ǵġ
ҧ촽Цһţ˶Ҫȥˡ
ճ
ҧС䣬ҪӣôԣһǸĸףҲøףһúõذѺ󣬵ʱǻſϥϽеţһкһŮкŮҪƯɰ
ҹ֪Ϊʲôƺƽﲻһ߶߶šš˵Ժ飬·ľͻһ㡣
歺ߵòУһССغһҶûӦأϹ˵ʲô
ճ촽һ£Ѿ֪ˣǸķǵˡ
ٿȻ˺¡¡΢Ҳҡҷһ¡
ճ˱ѣץס˽歵С֣ʮָס
£˵š
΢΢Цţ֪ڣҲ¡
ȼˣƹһ£Ϩˡ
ԶĵطԼԼôİ
©ҹɺ
ģĺڰУССضճ壬ҴӦˡ
ճһ£ϷӦ˵˼
д̶ƽбӲҹճĴߣںڰп˯ˣ֣þòԸȥ
ڲĺ

Ǭκ΢Ѳڻؾ;·ݳʱ̿ͣߵ˴ҶκոǿȻˣǿֵ˹ӵ
ݸԱѶݣЩ׷ɱκӵĴ̿һʮ֮侹ϤԾûһڡ
κŭطݸԱ˰ݵһ·ץʿһʱণΣ
κӻص˰ָݲ͢ϽΪ󲻾̵ַݡ
ڳ󾪣ڳϿȰǵκӲȻŭͥλʷһλ̫˳ᣬʾʥ
ڳľ


 47 

ٽ
ڴ廨, ŮʵãһһúǱ׾Ȼͷ, ȫעš
ߵ, ûз֡
ǡ
Ǹܾ, ͵͵ؽһ
̧ͷԼķվ, ϲص, 㡢ôˣ
Ӷֻ»֮ҹЪһޣ涼ˡǱﳣᣬǰڳڡ
վ, ϲٸϸֳ˽ߵЦݡ
κӳԼӣĮ, Ŀ¶ɫ, ֻؿ, ˵
ȴԷδ, Ц, Се, ݹȥκӳ
ӣ㿴Ҹһɰ, ư׺׵ͼƣϲ𣿡
κӳһһؽʡ
κӳ۾ǵϣǸɰŤŤģǳªǽ۵ָϲۣѪδɡ
κӳֺڼò̫ãֻ򵥵ĻƣҲ֪᲻
κӳ΢΢̾Ϣһ̧֣һơ
С
κӳ˻֣ĬĬ˳ȥˡ
ǡκӳڳ
ţǺЦκӳɵص˵
κӳصҺ͸Ҫ뿪һӣˣ㲻ȻСסɡ
ǲӣҪȥʱ
ҪȥԶĵطδǣңԻؼȥáκӳػص

һĴ죬עǸ֮
ٽѦԾټǱӣ֪٣ٽӷǱڰãȻ֪롣
ƽǡݵݸңٽѦԳʵΪκӳΪٽȣȫ
գȵȥʱگλگиةཪܽگʹƽֻϧΪκǬңԩ
κӳݸ壬ŸѸˣ⸴ͳ
ݽڶʹ½ǵĹ佫ΪӽֱگȷΪȵױ飬ҳҪΪԩìͷֱָκӣΪԹ֮ʶ֮ʿ֮
ʱκžų˰Ѷŭۻأڳѯ˵ƾ֮£ƲΪ˧ƽҡ
ϣƲʮֱ󣬾Թ˳κӳԳƵ뽪΢ĩ֮У˼ͼ塣
κŭɶȻ׷ȥƾƲߵļλȴҹȥˡ
κ
ȻκʾսУеĲܻʺͨة࣬κӴз˳ɱ˳ռݰ
ϢκƲɽսʱĶҡжˣɽ¡
ҹӪУκ˼룬ڷΣдһܺĸ֮ͻΧݣճԮ
룬ǱϾĶӣ֮鲻ܲճճҪġţĺӣӦǶġ
һҹǹرҡҡ׹κɽУңǿգķҡ

һʱ䣬˶æµճҪӭȢΪޣĻȻҪء
ֻ֪빫óױǶʱճ˵ҪȢǽ正ݣĻȻʵ۵ʥּãû˸ɡ
ɫĲɰ춼Ҫϵȵġ
ϲõĺָ̺ҪӲ˹µ֯Ʒ
õʮƪƥΤ˾ѡ͸ճģͨ崿ףʮƥ̬Ƕֺһ磬޲档
þߣǧȥݣҤ¯ǰϧؽ𣬽нҪֽɫĴֻΪһ䣬һɫ׳Էˮ
ܵٲʤ٣æ
ճæҲʱŽ歡
˿̣ڽ歵ķУѾСؽ
ҧ촽΢΢ЦţճһۣУôȥæ£
ճʲôܱ¸Ҫġ
歵ˡ
Ž歷æְ誴򷢻ȥˣɹŽ歵ѣһ˿ɹܲˣ⻹СѾ
ָСѾذѼչСġСĵӿɽأСıָ׹ȥ½Ǵȥ
һϮչֱλ˵ۡ
ƶһ㣬ĺɫʶɽķ㻪ߵϼ⣬޲ɷʣϵĶ·ϼȥزס⡣
»ĴϼԾȻ֣زز仪ȸءһɶ羰
ƼµĸǴɽм̳ԭ˽ĵ𽣬Ǽ˽歺󣬹İ壬ΪĴͼֱ˵¼䡣
ˣһ歹Ȼϲһֻֻ羫ɵӣЦСǹֿɵģѻӸңһ鷿ҲǺÿġ
ճ˽һۣᶯһ£ϲɫˣȥԺܾʱƺһЩ
歳Ծصɴ۾ʮֽţǲǲÿˣ
ѾڱЦЩӹɣԲ˵ū챿˵ǾùԭȸƯˣƵġ
歺˵ˣ֪ǹ߻ġ
괧ĦճɫضԽ歵ū澷ѡ
歺ߵؿ˿ճ
ճֱߵĲ豭غһڣһûߵ˼
ǣѾǴӵŽתȥˡ
Ѿż£ŷ
ѣֻһСǶ̯˫۵Ѿ߸ϡ
֪ʱΧʮְ
һϮļϼطļ
˻һ͵ɳƣĶޣ𡭡
ǳԵϢý歴һ£ûüͷٿȻӺ汧סˡ
ֻƹ֫ӵ뻳
塣歽ߵؾᣬôͽˣ
ѾʶȤرܿȥˡ
£ʶ͸һϸϣƺܸоϴֲڵ·һƹ
ŵζ㣬˿ƺȼˣôȿҡ֪Ǻ¡߱ʲôԵʣЩվȡ
Ҷճεطס˶ڻС
ֺܲݡ
ҿȷˣһ㡣
˵˵߳ŭһ׻һĸоӽŵ״ܵͷȫ͸ˣһסĿڣֹ
ƺ͵͵Цһ£ҧҧĶ䡣
ִһ£˵ڣȴúʹˮһ㣬ԼҲҪܻˣ壬㲻۸ңҪˡ
ǸСӣںճҧС˵Ķս
Ŀڷ͡Ҫˣƺеۣյ̫ˡ

 48 

, ЩʹĻŵúܣŤŤȥ, ֡
, , Ҷ૵صҪ, Ҷ, ҪƲסˡ
ŵýӲסˣգ۾ذ֣ʹôʲôץˡ
ճƺźءһһûã̫, 𡣡
ô˵ţֻƿˡ
死ûһ, ȴֲû뿪, ¡
³, شϡ
ַס֫
ƺָڼ䶼ż, ɬػ, ôĸо, ļôôϸ󻬣ǻϲɳ
塢塭歲֪ΪʲôҪ, κ·һ㡣
û֣ôϸպ¶СĽһЩȻҪˡ
˵ʲôģģؾĻбζ߳ܵýֺͷҪˡ
㡢֣ȻҪˡ歼˳һŴֻ࣬ġ
ٿȻת˹ͬһ㣬ͷ
ȵġҵǡ
ҧҧȥԵ
»䣬ڱ䡣¶ڿļ潥ȾһĻ꣬ôۣһ£ͻºۼ
壬е䣬ġץסֱۣ
ʵȣ嶼Ҫȼˣ֡촽ĺÿһộεס޴ӡ
ճӵһڵϡ
ź̺ӣϸëĥżģֿʼߺŤ
ճͻȻĺһ£żҧгݵζٶˣٶҵͰ㣬Ųţ
ŵáӡһ۾Ĺĵص
дˮ
ճЦţ۾
ˣԣ£һȵǳ׺󡣡ճ·̾Ϣһͷһξӹ̫ˣȻҪôá
̲סһ£涼ʲôأ߯
ȻĶ𡣡ָ˹
ļڵأƩʢĻضѻ
Ͳססͷָ£ķ䡣
īŨû
ص˰Σʱ򣬽歵Ȼģճ˳ͷѶҵģߵðճĻв̧ͷ
Ѿ治ɫ侲úܣｪ死һѣͷ
歴Ӿӿճߴصˡˣߣȥ
ճһ˿̵黹Ǽ¶ѰǰСˣֻƬ룬ǰһס֣ˣ죬ڻҡ
ɷ˵ճŽȥ鷿鰸ԼԱߣſǱȥ
󹾹رԹ䣬ճΪҲˣ԰ƾŷŵļ䣬ʿʼǷĴͼ
Ѿˣȴţ֦ǺҲδĥ˵ɫīֽϹճ˴봺꣬ǽϡ
ճĿģż̧ͷһۣʱϽ歵۾
һЦ
鷿ֻֽŷͱʼĦʱ
ǣС죬ͷ
ŽڷУճֻվڷʣӷסеΡ
Ѿ̾һٽΪףŶԣλ˵ԭκӳϾǻʼѪȵگ˳Ī˵ĸݸĶҡ˵һЩϳҲ顣
歲ֶһ£īֽ֭οһƬۼǴۣӲط˱ʡ
ճ۾ת˹˽һۣĿҹɫ˵
歲Һӣͷ
ճɫҲǵĮģȻʱҲľӪ꣬ڽǳУĹ㣬ˣΪɡκӱϾδȣ𰲶˵裬ӦӦӲϾˣκӳʱѡõá
СصϱɽΣǲһܺүԮүҪӼʹ
ճصһ£ֵż
Ƭ̣ȡźתѾߵ˽
ճӹţ˶ˡ
ż㣬˼ۣϵı鿴ŭ
۰Ͱ͵
ճżȥ歹˹ָ
ʮֹɣ˹ǰ̧ͷˮ۾
ǼȽġ
ճٴŭҲɢˡ
ָڰãԼ˵֪𣿡
룬ȻҡͷС¶飬Ʈ󿴿ҿǲճ
ճָͷһ£װɵ
歡ϡһסͷίصʲôˣѵܸѦӾǳǲҪĶˡԼɱˣûֱʲôɣҡ
СˣԽˣҪĴﵽͷȥˡ
ճЦˣѹʱһģ֪Ծϧʱûɱ˭뵽ô޳ܣΪ˱˵ȢԼҵıãԼʲô۹⣬ϵ˲
߳ŭСȭͷһ£㻹˵˵ˣԺҲˡ
ճץסС֣˳ưԼУסݺݵһСס
歿ʼؽţţճϡ
ճſʱ촽ҧúģ΢΢ЩףʪһƬ
ؿôʲô챻ҧˣۡ
ճ촽ڳԴף㿴𣿡
ССءߡһˣȡ֡
ճıӣ§ڻˡ
ͣĻȴôůУ˶
֣ƹĲӣؿڴ¡
ճ͵͵شϢһ
ȴСʵ壬ʲôأӻϵּ⣬ȥͳս𣿡
ճʮֲƣ㻹ʲô
Ŷκӳκӣ壬Ϊ𣿡
ʵ⻰ǲʵġ
ճͶκӳɱ֮죬οκӵױԮţдԴǿУ˵Ǿ壬ʵ޵ز˹֮飬κӲĸ߰ϣֻһƬ˸֮ʣճˡ
ճŲ˵歲ش˴塣
ճס歵֣侲ص㵱֪ңҲܷŹκӳɱףҲȥպҲѰ𣬲Ϊǿ
ȥأ歹ҡҡ֡
ճĿΣյʵȴΪΣĪȻ鲻
ǡ歵ȥ΢΢ЩҡҪҵﱨ𡣡
ճһ£Ĭ

 49 

歵ͷ, ճԹԵصұţҼ޸Ժ, гһ, ұ, ˭֪ͻĹϸҲ˵ˡ, ȻκӾ, Ѿأ㡢֣κɱҵ֮飬Ҳȫҵ⡣
СĻһš
ճŽ歵ͷ, Σ͵͵صԲ, , ҵδܿȫ, סļ, ܿˡ
, 㲻á歵һ, ͷһճ½ϣҪ, ҽ㲻ҪȥȻʵۣӦӦң
ãӦ㡣ճε̾Ϣˣرס正ϸϸͷϣˣҾͰϹ۰ˣҿ˫ʤ˵ɡ
ҧҧ촽κһʤģô춼վǱߡ
ճ˵òװѽ歺ˣɲˣȻţκӳʤΣݵκӳ

κʹǸ̫࣬κ׽Ĵκӻȵ۵ĻʱһֱŷʶκӰενи˿̣ԺȺţȻ䣬ͷϵĺһֱͣ
ãżĹܼҳ̫Ͻӭȥ˻ϵΣɷ
Ĺܼҡҡͷÿδλذɡ
ǾǾܾԮˡ
ͬһˮͷ̫Ķ͸ˣһ˲䣬ҪƿʹճӲӣֱ޲磬ǣΧʿɱذѻȥˣʲô˵
ٰ󣬹ܼѾһͿ͵ơ
̫о޼֮£Ȼֵ̫ˣ֪ɷ񣿡
ܼؿ˸̫һۣ̫һ򲻼ˣˡСĲͨ
ߵʿ˹ۿҪѸ̫ȥ
̫鼱֮£еˡԶԣʱǰлתڹ֪Ҫ¡
ܼ´˸̫ãǿӦˡ
̫˲ͷϵĺĴԺլ
ķУ̵ֻѾ͸ģǹԭȴӹдˣ̫Ϳһ¡
κήң˸̫ҲĮȻкҪ£Թ˲ϾǷĵͲ˵ˡ
̫࿴˿ңһūǷ˻ϵּϵشֻ˵빫һ֪
κ̾˻֣˵ðɣǶȳȥɡ
ԭȸκ˵Ĺ̫඼ˣ̵Ķˣ˵κ˱ճݺݵѵһ٣ʱʱڱҲʮֵʱķԸȥˡ
̫ˣͨһ¹£Ȳص֪ɣ췴ɽΣڵϦˡ
ûἰܻʺκ顣
ȻϾģ˵κӴκ˲׽κŴѶϢǼˣοȫʵ۵ĸףκʲô⣬Ҳǹˣճῴˡ
һˣκɫˣڵվˣܷңǸɱŻŵصǡǸǺã
̫˵ūԮģʮݱǿ׳˫֣ܳЩں֮ڻ£ʥ֮Σˡ
㻹ʲôȥκ˶š
̫ɥūѾȥˣ涼ţžܲū޿κΣֻҹˡ
κ˴סˣҡ£Ȼ˾飿ҡô죬Ҳ
̫ĳȥаκãʱҲֻס񣬵ȰգˣǷȥ̫ˣ棬֪̫йһ⣬Ҳδ֪
κβ֪ܻʺ˶ΣÿŶҧгݵġ
κҡͷǴԼǲɵģ̫Į˵䣬Ҹô
̫ҲȥˣˣԾͽκӸκ¶˳֪ɣ̫˶ԻһðΪ˸ӡ
һĭѹճʵǻϵѪĸϵ׸ÿ̫˶ȻӲġ
κ˴סˣץԼģŸ̫࣬ģ忪ʼ㡢㡢˵ʲôû˵һ飡
̫ҧŭһ㣬ū˵ľʵЩ飬ĸ˵ģ̫˺˵ģ٣ֻҪȥ̫ˣԹ鰧Ů˼ĳΨһָˣȥپ;ˣ
ԭˡ
κ˵׹ߡӽ͹ʹ
ֻԼ֪ǶమճֻҪԶԶؿһۣľͿ÷·ɵȥȻճȻǰģ룬Σϵޣһ죬ĳ飬תҲء
ǻִغš
ȴ˸ճ׵ѪͬĸֳʵһʼûдȢҲܻᰮ
ճ֮䣬Զûпܡ
κһֱججģһ㶼û취˼
Աߵĸ̫ڴߴ𷢴ˣȥ̫鰡
̫ˡšκ૵˵ţ۾ȻðɣǣҪȥҪȥ
κ˲ȥ̫ʲôĵ˳ȥ

ڷС
ָոյˣͷ㡣\'
žͱƿˣκѾǴ˽
鱯С˫Ŀ죬ȥ˺ܴĴ
Ű̾һ֪ճʲôǵκʧ̬ˡŮȻԲƣ˵ҲǸ֮ˣŲֿ̡
к£˵ɡ̧̧֡
ǣκ˿ƽĮģŭ𷴶ڵһˣǶչˡ
еҸʿҪˣ֪ǲǾҪˣ
еͣĬƬ̣صլˣʼҹ£ΣҲɡ
κ۾ţҸʱΧΣڵϦΪʲôܽճȥҸʣ
¿ʼе飬ɫ޲˵飬ճţⲻòֵ飬°ɡ
ճҸʵĶӣκָţؽеôܼȣ㣬϶
Աߵ־ɫˣ񣬿£
վһ䣬ȥ
κʹֺޣ޲ý˺飬ŮˣŮ븸˹ңճôֳôʹࣿ
ĸҪˣԺҲûԱӻֳֿһӶõĴ
κ˾ˡ
һǿҵķŭӣǵҡһ±ˡ
κ˴Ӻ﷢һ͵͵ʣȻͷбһֻĽ֣˹ȥ
ţҺƴˣ
κ˵İʶػعͷȥ
˿̫ˡ
ѪѣֻӴ̽ŵʺ
ٿȻճʹŭ𣺡κˣ
ߴӰץסκ˵ļؽˤ˳ȥ
Ѿˡ
סػѪָ֮ӿ˳ôֹס
ճԺԼĶӣȴ
ĸףճǰһסĸףƽô侲˿ȴŲֻʵ飬У򣡿죡д򣡡

 50 

һмֻ˲, κ˱ˡճ֣ļ˲㶼ûӦ
˶ſһСѾӦŷȥˡ
ճ, ѹϵĶ, ΢΢ĸ, һ£û¡ֻһСˡ϶ûµ, ġ
ŵĺ, ԼĶӣվǹģѾܾúܾûм˶ݹˡȻӿ
һƬУûע⵽κˡ
ճˤȥԴײ˰ļϣųص̴ײ÷˹ȥͷۺ, ʲô
ŤšҪ, ۾Һס, һƬ, ʲô
и˳ס
ʱ, ֵءؽ, ôˣ
κþ, ץסʱ֣ƴ̧ͷĿԽʱ, һߡ
ճǲˡ
һۣ۾ͣס˺

ƺޣܹȥȴƿˡ
ŭݣƴذƣȥ
ץס֣ȴôҲץסһǰ
·йӺԶĵط͸ޱߵĺڰһһɢ
֪˶ãشѹ۾
߻еģģģһƬճһĸס
ôĮԳ֣ʵѾܾûĻˣƽյģ·˺ԶȴŻϲһ΢΢Ĳ
һ㱣˶ſǰճԭٱĶӿȥԵø㲣°ĺӲ磬۾е㰼ȥˡ
ճ¶һ㵭Ц⣬ָ侲ĸףˡ
ǿ˹ǣʹ˵ֻճ
ǸϽΧ˹Ű͵غճ˵˼䣬ظ顣
ʮֽңʱκ˵ƫ˰֣Ȼŵĺܡȴûд̴Ϊ佫Ĵڴǹˣû뵽ʱɳΧŲ߲ݾҹְ˻
죬ˡ
䣬ճʲôҲ˵ʲôҲûУֱֱĸ׵Ĵߡ̵͸ʹǶŵսսֻн歸Һ˵ǿȵˮԵ㶫
˶ģŻѹ˶Ҫճˡ
Һãһݡ
ճ˻֡
ȥˡ
Ѿǰѵʹ΢ؾ¶һ⣬Լ峿ǳббڴϡϵƿһ֦ǰдŷ۵ɫ
ճڴߣǶӲТ۵ĸܿˣӸ
ųҪ̧֡
ճ˹ȥ
ס֣΢΢ҡͷ黹ǵģĿȴ͡
ճĸմԼѾκ˵ˣκӳΧֲǲԮҾܾˡ
һ£˿ŵɫ
ʵĸף𣿡
ɫ䣬ֱճ촽˶֪˶ʹŰǾ仰˵˿ڣ֡
ճеĴʯڷ
ϲƵıѪճæְѴ򻽹ˡ
һæ֮ŷ·־ˣ۾
ճĬĬ˳ȥ
ͷѾˣգŨҡ

κӵ˶գڵȵ̫
̫ʲôҲ˵ڵϣƴߵͷͿ
κɫҰףĬãи̫˳ȥˡ
ԶԶɽ棬оĺŽѾˣ̶ǡ
κӶ֮Уˡ
͢ɲ𰲺κѳţնһԮȣݶ·ˡκӺƲ߼νսˣѾ·ߡ
֣һǰӹʱܵۡʱ˵ĻȰĹĶȨƣնĮС
ˡ
γ˽۾ԼĲӡ

ղڣѾеˡ
̿Ѿȥˣʱڣ̿ζеѬˣȻ
ѾߣŽ歵ΣʶͽڿⷿҲһˡ
££ϵİӣ˲
ⱾǷĲӣ歵ίʵ̫ˣÿһֵƣ課ҵᣬһһǵ궼ǹٻ˼ҳˣȻͬ¾ǵ
ЦţＸҪѪ
ͽ正չкѣһƶˣٻ裬һȴڳɫв࣬᣿
Ѻļ˲պã̲סһױϻŵǽһ׳Ƕĸ̵ͷ档
һ̶ĸΪĿԳĸ̱ʯӵܣ½зŮ裬´緢˿Ҫٷ
ķĽָ΢΢
ȻһŻŵذѷպˣȥš
ȴһĿƽˣװƺǸۣúܡ
ȻĸԺģôˣ
˰ĹˣҪ̡
Ѿܾûôƺˡ誻һ£ûعǸѾˣ˳ְˡ

ҹˡ
ʱڵ£һ׹ӣ
κǰʬߣڵϵһ
ܵõ롣
ۿغˡ
ߵߵ£ͷţһŮӱ΢үūҪ
ʱĨһ׹뻳Уȥš
ǸѾߣͷ
Ǻˣʱʡ
ū澰誣ǽ﷿еķ̵ˡ
κ˳߶ʱԽҲüͷһ£澣ҹˣֹˣҲƽϣ
߳ܣ̧ͷɫū澴Ϊ£һ׮Ҫ˵ү֪ʹүڱƭ衣
ʱЦںԣΣ˭㡣
ūԸ۾תһ£οҲЩϵүĲ֪𣿡
һɺԣҿ˵Щʲôʱԥһ£ÿ
誼ˣϽ˷š
ʱ͵ص˵ʲô飿
ҲĨǣɴصүּ֪ҵѪҲ㸸ֹĶӡ
һס
ʱë׶Ҫˣ־£һס誵Ĳӣŭȵ澣죬ȻҳԣҪ𣿡
誵һƬϣȻŵūԾʵճ̫˺ͻϵĶӣûһּҵˡҲΪ֪ܣűڵġ
˵Ҳţʱֶ
調ҪϢˣǰֱðǣţĿ־ǣһǿҵԸӿذѿ־ѹȥˡ                        
лҪ˵Щ߶壬Ҿ˵һ£
ܲģĸ׺ˣԸԱԸĮԼĶӶ׽ĺҲ࣬ԸĸһܵﰮҲġ
׵Ĺעֻճϣܵʵǲƽġ
Щǰڶб
ԶǸȱˣ̳еģԸж԰ƫִһ档Ȼгһִ粻Ǹģͻôӵеһʵġ

 51 

κӳ, ŵֻҪΪ£յϴ֮λ, Ϊʷƽ, ָҵȨλ, ٻǧݣԲΪټˡΪū澡ŵ, ջ̫̫, ޴ӿܡ
ҪصǰǸߵζ롣
һλó棬Ȳץסˣ֪ǵɽ, ҲҪȥһԡ
ȻκӳճΪУԸµг֪Ǹ, ȥǰ, ǰ˵ʱ
˿, ʱͬ, ˫Ŀ, ȥҪɱ誡
Ŭץʱ, Ҫͬʱ֧϶صū׶šүūһһ˵֪, үүūˣûܰˡ
ʱݿ죬ֽɿˡ
κˣ۾·ȴѾˣֳСǰͷѪ
ʱһһӲĿ⿴誣ͳص˵һһʮң㶼֪Щʲôҡ

歸ոմŷг
Ÿǰżÿ춼ȥƺе㲻ϰ׽Դһȥˡ
Щº࣬żҲ΢Цرճһǰʱ
ͣסˣãƺѾȸˣϸȥȴֿЩСһ
死صУһΪųһľīѾˡ
誴ͷ˹ҷڽϿһϡ
ţʲôأĵЦʡ
Һ񿴵˽ױ׫дһСɽ黭
Щϲ˱ʣ˵Ŀģ
Ϊ鷨ңЩֵ˲֪Ϊ˿ʻⷽûةļӣżˣҲӦͳ˲־
Ұ䣬κĽȵ۵گ·˸׳죬Ƭֶֻֽһ棬ճլҪ˻ҲѰظ׵ּˡ
Ȼ誵Ϣʮֻϲվҹȥ
Ǳֵ̩һ黭ӣ˵ҲǸֺˣū·ƹں˴ͽȥһ£ȷʵǽүּūҲֲαҪּȥ
ԭŷԱߣԵ߯ˣˣαȡǣο໹ҪͷԹȥ
誵ͷǣūǷ˼ˡ
Եȣʹ˹ȥȡ
歰֣£ڼҲûţ˳ȥ͸Ҳã꣬һѣ߰ɡ
æӦˡ
ʰ׵誴·ȥ˰̩֡
Ǽ黭ڽβװúǸȴãӣƹҲ߰ˡ
̧ţƹŻһЦ
Ҫҵ漣ų͢ɻҲ̫ڳںĿⷿأҪĻСĽɡ
歲ٲҪȥ
һѾȻҪϡ
ȴƹסˣôһѾͷȥʲô涼ҵ漣īһȺʶֵĿʲôأҵطСǱҰ
ҲͷţԼ誣ƹȥ
Σֻܾӵúš
䣬ƻڵȲԹӣ˳㴵ӵĶϡ
һϲͨ
߶˰ˡ
˴죬ֱˣ歳סˣ¾ֱӴ˺á
ʲô˶ҲƹĲˡ
ֽŷһƨɵ˵ϣظү

˯˺ܾãѲҡҡλεģһֱڳϣԱС˵ŻС
ż΢΢۾߶ģģʲô
Ǹιˮȣ˯ˡ
֪˶ãǺüˣڴӻ״̬аѳһѵʶ
𡭡ĶеϤеİ
۾ǰһſº͵ݣз˾ӣĥľӣͬԴ廪š
գգ۾ģеţ磿
κӳЦЦһ㵭˸Уң𡣡
һ
κӳֹȥһѣǱ̵һһ£ܿ֡
κӳֽӲڰ
歿һۣϸϸص磬ܾûм㣬ʵ̫Ծˡ
κӳָһ£طˣתۼ䣬ɫʮºˣ·ûбǣ𣬺þòˣҺ㡣
̧۾ܣ˿һʮֿ棬ܵİԼ󣬰ϵž޴ţյͬ硣
κӳݱӳյ÷ЩۡճϬòͬüϸͣǴŵЦ⣬Ʃ˿̡
歿ΣǾãʱ׽ҲѰˣĳ磬ƺԭЩ̫һˡ
̧κӳĿͬˮΪʲôҪץң
κӳɫ΢΢رˣº͵ģ𣬴˴Ϊ꣬ʮݣҴӪأʮְȫҰճȻôץ㣿
ҡͷ磬ϾҪˣ޹ϸҺܲҪȡ
κӳصѾˣôܼ޸ˣ
歺رκӳĿ⣬ص磬Ҳûй㣬㲻ҪˣѾȢԽΪޣʱȥҹģ壬ҵԭһģûҡ
߳ܺͷŭͬʱϮͷôһ˲䣬κӳܻشһҶԲס㣬ʱճһҪأҲŲòȢıãԼҵϣӦ飬Ӧ֪ǲҵı⡣
ûй㡣歵Ŀ͵ģһǰѵ£֪ѴǣǵԵѾˣҲʰˡ磬ԽİĽģܺãҪúôҰɡ
ܶǰκӳڹоޣ歾ȥ
ССŮģ£ϣЦӰ㷢⡣
磬ΪʲôһҪҪ㣿
κӳճʱ򣬸ɮ˵ڳãΨŲܱһƽǣױ㱻ڹС
ܼį
ڹŷУΨһĴɫӳջصȥ
ȻȥʱѾԶˣ
κӳ΢΢ЦҲ㣬ҵӣڱˡ

 52 

歵, ȴǼᶨζҴӦ壬һӶ뿪Һܺúܺ, Ҳܹ, δ, ô˵, ҵⶼı䡣
𡭡κӳЩ, ૵ؽ֣ġĵϥ£һ΢ƣܣҸ㣬ԭҺ𣿻, صߣ˭, ֻ, 𡣡
歵ѹ, óܿ, һֱôºʵ, ûм, ôˣʵȥһ, һ˵ӰͷǿԵȴôңڷ̡
룬ӲĳȻǸ֪˻ģǸСְԴ׵ˣ¡
ȹҺܶΣûǰҺãͶľϣԵ֮袣ܻڣҲ뿪ûһҾѾˡ
ᣬ˵ȴô̵Ļ磬ǴǴˣٻصǰˣҼ϶˱壬ⱲӶٱˡ
Ӫеҡҷһ£κӳЩŤŽ歡
ȻЩĥѣĿôǸĹĳʹࡣ
ƽѹ֮ǰճǲŸԳƿɱֻҪκӳԸ뽪סգҡκӳʣ֮Ϊܴ裬ӳľ⣬վΣԸ
˭뵽κӾЮֲе¡ʢۣŵּ⡣
ҶʱıѦƽǣٽй£ѦٸģԸðκӳ
һϦ֮䣬췭ظʲôˡ
κӳʵܺڣӦճҪǲһж᲻һˣϧû
Զ֪ΪʲôĴۡ
磬ߣòã
κӳĬã΢΢ЦãҪһµġ

ģ粻ͣعţһһ󣬴ʰԶɽ
Զǻɫɽ͵֣ǰǻɫĳɳҰ
ѹѹľӼһƬƽԭռˣ˫иŰ׵ľ롢ңң֡ضǰУңʮʿྲֻսż͵ӣͳ˻
ճϣǹڼ׵ͷ͵͵ѹͶŨӰüĿᣬŲɱӵɱ֮⡣
󽭱˧ƲߣԴ
ճ̧֡
ǰĻ́ڵĹ/ճµĹӪ£Ƶĳ۹/Ͼǰһ֣Դʯҡ
ʿ˼ۿҪս
ӪкȻֿһһԽڶ
ˣһ˺ȻǽκӳһȴһòĹ˿̣κӳֳֳǰѽͼǹĲϡ
ճκӳȣǰһɱ
ճɫٿȻһ䣬ֱˢһᣬֹסƴʿʿǷ˾Ĺǹ
յ֪ʧ٣ŭ֮ѲȫǣȻһѾ˴ߡ
ճǼ黭ӵĻץԿʣЩȷʵǰ񣬶ƹΪ֪飬ճվǴ˿ѰӦ֮£֪Ϊκӳ°ûаģӽǣ׷϶ȥ
ͬʱκӳĽκ֮Ҳʦϣֱʮݣ˫ʮϲĹ·ꡣ
ճû뵽κӳȻὫǰ־ŭݺս޵ֵƽһθе˼֡
սһߣҲǲţòκӳ磬ôң
κӳ̩Ȼ䣺ģճȻǰ㿴㣬϶᲻ܵ˺һ֮ɱⲡ
歷ŭص岻ܵ˺ã磬Ǹµ˾ӣⷬΪ뱰Ск죿ʤҲʤ֮䣬Ҫ˳ЦĪҴ㣿ԭˡ
κӳҧϵļһ£Žֻȵģǽڽ歵Ĳϣ˿νйԸճ÷ǳ֮ԹʤΪΪܣʤˣ˭ұҵĲأ㲻ûϵֻҪԹԵͺˡ
ٿȻһϺȣƲߣ
Ʋ߱κӳԱߣˮʲôκӳһǣ
ת£ż
뷢ವƿݾзȥͬɻǵء
ճһԲ˧ݾҳ֣ڼֻ֮зضܵʿ˹֣ǰУһʱ䲻վܷȫǼ䣬ǰʿѾ׷м£ҽ֮
ңңؿΣֻѪӿеκӳ޳֮ͽſң
һ߽šһ
и˽۵ĲӣѪ˿ѩ׵ļ˳ۡ
κӳͼǿаס正Ŀдһַĺ⣺ճɱҸͰٱܣһҪɱֻܰˣҶԲס㣬Ի񣬵ǣһҪңҴ
ڼڻ¿ʼǰƽݾˡ
歼ţܲˣ͵һƿκӳĽǽڽϻһӣѪһð˳
һõκӳ⧲Ƶҡһ£ɿˡ
歵¡
κӳŭһ𣡡
ǿ̧ͷκӳ۾ôǴˮ¹⣬˿̶ΪᡣģϴΪۡ
ҧ촽黬ߣŶ磬ˣۡ
κӳվˣȥ歡
סκӳִ֣ǽ֮ϡ
طκӳһֱڷƺʤӡ
𣬱¡κӳЩԣ鲻ԽȥҪӵ
Ȼһ˲䣬歺ݺݵײ˹þȫκӳײõ˼ͬʱѾǱ˹
𣡡κӳ£վӣŭؽк
˫ֳŽδɣĿᶨֻѪյ̫ˣѪָ䣬һֱڷǽֱֱصκӳϣѾѡ


 53 

ͣ£歵峺, ֱκӳ۾ض˵š
Χŭȣϵ, ָ, κӳİΣ, ҹֿ
Ʋ߷ɿýе, 嶯, Ӳ޺֮⣬ǧҪᡣ
Ƕվס𶯣ȻĻɱ歵Ľִ˰֣Ʋס⴦ʱð˵Ѫۣκӳ׵Ⱦ
ǣûƶֺ
ؿںʹ, ʹ顣κӳǳ鴤һ£૵ص, ҪɱɱҲţ
ŭؽкҲţ
һᣡػش
㾹˶ңκӳٸյ, 
歾Ƣ, еñ˿ͣ, Ȼһɱ, ˵
ƲԱ, ϵػֺͣס
ļһסˣƽʿͣס˲
κӳ÷, ָ֣Ž正㡢㡭
Ǻʹǰһ㣬ʱ˭סְֺޣ£еĺԶԶ˰
Ʋ̤ǰһҾѾͣ£ѽɡ
ҧҧе˺󡢶˺󡣡
κӳŭȣ𣬹ˣ㲻Ҫ̫֣
Ĺĵص㲻Ҫô˵ҵССֶ˻һġ
ƲٶȻ֡ԭΧκӳߵԥ˿
˺˺һ㡣死⡣
κӳ㾿ҪΣ
歵Ŀң紺ˮκӳҵҵĳѾƽˣ㲻
ȻֽһӣκӳĴȡ
κӳæһּֿһʱ޷ܣһ۵ôһڵء
˽ɿߵƥսݺһ飺ݣ
Ʋ߼ֲһסβ͡ʧ֮壬Ǳ˳ȥ
ݾУļͣסѾѸס͡
ճңңؿһӵзɱֻҪһۣıҵ
Ш󣬽ճ¡
һصĺŽʿݺѸٵС
һﵱȣǹǰ۶ΪģҷɱŸϣγһ׶״ǰƽַʽΪǰ棬Ѹ͵ٶȲоӪճ˫ͷоһѼĵӣ̵ֱӪâ
ڴͬʱӪУǸϽκӳ
κӳɫüڣ֣ȥһʿеĹ
乭ָǰ
ϣ۶ȥֻܿıӰͷˡԶٻͷˣǵģ˵ĶԣѾҲزǰ
ɫ£涵ӰУŮνشǰȥˡ
κӳôһ˲ǽʹģȻֱӲʯ
Ҳڱˡ
κӳŽ歵ĺһ
Хȥ˷ͻɳ
ճĿѣ𣡡
ڴʱһ֧Ϣȷ졢Ȼ׷ǰļವײ
㣬ӽ歵ļ߲
κӳŭתͷƲǳ⣺ƲߣҲҪĶ𣿡
Ʋ߷еĹվտһּǳ뻯κӳԭ֪ģȴû뵽ԸԼ
ƲĿȣֱκӳӣߪĳ΢ĩ֮УĳûȻ򣬽ĳд£ĳϲܼڷ
κӳҧˣƲߣתʿż
긴ɻǵضȥ
ճ뽪֮࣬ļ٣һԾ𣬽żͷһ̤ӥһӶ歷˹ȥ
ڰУļٿȻǹһ˪أſȥһ⻤ס˽歡
ͷ
ճһֳǹһȥס˽歵ֱۣ˹
һڵϡ
ճһƺߣʲֻ˵ûס正ѪעȻ治ɫڵأǹɣǹӰܲ͸磬ͬǽϣȫȥ
һУ˵ʵֻ˲䡣
ſճУͷۻɱ졢ǰǵ⽣Ӱȴǰȵģ·һֻص˰֮ǡ
ݾѾ뽭ײһ˫չѪȲɱ
ԱĸɿزΧճΧ
ǱߣƲɱһš
Ʋ߳һꪣи͡ƽ
ճϸ˼ˣæп˽һۣѪۣһοűоףѾʧȻʿһսѶ
ճϣӪϺձ
ڽճ
ճŽȥȥǰͷɨһۣκӳδѾˡ
˹ǣ¶һѪЦݡ

ݾ˰أ˺ɽ֮£ͣЪ
Ӫʶֻƽ̹ΧĻճæ˽歲Ϻϵ˿ڣˣˡ
歱ܿ£ƺӣе飬ʵʵﲻҿ
ҽʦѾ˹Ϊճͽ歴˿ڡ
ЩҽʦƽվεĶЩ³ֹˣǶҲһط𣬵ǶŽεεĹһе޴ˡ
رǽ死մˮĲŲ˿ڣͳؿˡ
ճȥ
ҽʦǽ˹ȥ
һʯͷϣؿճ
ճǰԼϵˣϥڽ歵ǰ֣СΪòȥѪۡ
ĶôᣬΪƽﶼû飬ı黹Ǻܾ࣬ôпһŵ˼ҴţΨһͻŪ
ɾָ֮СĵΪҩ
ͬʱҽʦǹڵϣΪճϵļˡ
ʸڳʱ򻹴һĩûв·ǲһ㡣
歵ͷરવصڰɫϣοһСˮӡ
ճ̲סͷԼؿڣͷˣûˣԣ¡
ҽʦǷѾճϵļ˴׵ˣ״Ͻ˳ȥ
һ§סճĲӣᶼϣ޵ұץˣôٲңˣ㻹װͰ͵ذΪʲô㲻ˣżûͱˡ
ճȻһס歵ȥס󹾹С졣
һᣬڶݺݵҧҧ촽Сͷ̰Ҫȥӡ
歱ǵòûʼʱСȭͷŶһ£־ĵۣ򶼴򲻵á
ˣøˣؽţȴͬһŴˮ㣬ܻճĻУı˶ġ



ճ, һһµţţݽ, ôҲǲ, ǲϷſ
ֱĲιȥ, ۾Եɵˣճδ˿ڡ
歷, Ը, ίص۸ҡ
ճĻûֱòˣÿ˴¶һֱ׳ģǰ߻ˣţλͷҷǵúúýѵһ㡣
歵ɴ۾ﻹŲˮ, ġ
ŵôˣˣ㿴㿴ϵ˶Ϊܵ, 㲻, ȻҪ, 㵽ûģ
˵ľճŭ, ΪʲôֵַܰصҾ, ǿʲôͷôԼ˳, ĪУǸõˣܻȫ
С, ȻһʱΪ֮ճװδһ˶ضػ
歴˰죬ȻһͷճĻУȥ壬Ҳۡۡȫ¶ۣҴһ
ǸСƫճͳһףһٸӲҲȥ
ճཪ歵ͷͷһǣۣˣպ󻹸Ҳҡ
歴ճ̧͵͵һ£ءߡһһСί
ճٺһ£ͻȻĻϽ
үʮк˵ľӣΪˡΪͻˣͷǰ߼ٱƽĪԼʮ£ǰκӳ¼ᣬɱҪǰл֮ƣүᡣ
ճȻ֮Ҳ˼־ŭѾӽԭʮϽιģ
ȴ֪ϵƣйᣬǡƹʮݣΨһͨˣǣǵգɹƣǳ˽ӦЩǶϲͨġ
ճһ굱ӣκӳɥĲΪһ˽ңʲôͰֶԸ𣿿Цƾǣ
һЦȻȵ£ӭսǣҵ 
歲Ծذ˫ֽһָڷף壬ˡ
ճü歵ַֻֿ֣һ¹˿ڴѪ΢΢͸˱
ճصҪôϧԼͷ˾Ҫһ㣬һٲźá
歵۾ϺˣСһ
ճͷ΢ıģܵУҡ
ᣬϸһĻסճߡ
ʿǽǣ˹Ϸճ
ճӹǹͷԽ΢΢һЦ𣬵һ
ᣬ´档歵ļһ£е㷢ᡣ
ճһ֡
ǧͬƵӵص״ݳ¡¡΢΢ս˻ǹĺһųԡԡ
ӱս̹
һСʿڻŽ歴Ӳ뿪ս˺ɽĽ£ѰһصֵصȺš
ʵսҲ̫ԶԼԼɱӷдѪȵζڿŨճҺһӿ
歵ĳģֽһƬ䣬þõվһ¶ˣ̳ɵ
ʱƺرر尾
磬һֱȵɫذȥƻбͬѪȾһұĺɫĨһˡ
˵ƽ⿴ľ£·ͬʱбѪɫ
ɫһƬҰס
ֹ֪˶ãɱƽϢ
סؿڣϰµģżԶ
ѹѹľӻת˹ԶԶؿݾġ
歹˲̬ׯȹӾǰȥ
һճ歾ס
Ƿճ̤ϵʱһ¡
歱ĻУæɲסˡ
ɫ死ǿճѪɫ䣬ɳС
壡ס죬ۿ
ɵϣû£Ϲġճ侲ݡ
ǹͷ˦˦ͷѪͺˮһ䣬ŨζеŻ¡е١
ճ֡
ٲԥ˹ȥſ˫۱ס
һġ
ࡢ࣬ҵѶŪˡ歱Թţȴرסճһ㶼Ըɿ

ʱ˧Ӫ棬عճߡ
ճȻ˵ɣж֮󣬽歷ʵˣһӴӼ粿ȥббغпѪⶼ
ҽʦڴ˿ڵʱ򣬽歾ڱĨᣬǵճҪסذο
꣬ҽʦ˳ȥˣ歲䵽ճؽһ塣
ͬˮһ㣬ʶѪȵɱȥˣ˼Ψ
ճЦˣšһ
ȥ촽ճıողŰ˿ڣֻһǲ㱡Ϻɴ촽˿ڴĦš
ƺǣƺǣôͬëͬ΢ɼȴ˹裬һҵս
۲ۣͬӵૡ
ճƺ̾ϢһղŻۣڲˡ
ӱšŹڿˣΧסС־ﲻݵţָͷȥ
ճץס֣ͷҧָ
ССؾһ
ճֽԼǰ˵һǣּǵȥ
ɿʱ򣬽ӣϺóˡ
ϢŨˣźˮѪζý歺е㲻ˡ
ճЦˣ㷽ڳ˵ϲ˺ܾãҲˣ˭Ҳ˭
歺Ȼ§סճĲӣؿڣ壬е㺦£ǲǱˣ
ʲݵľӪկʱٴУΧʿδжɽʡңܵطţÿ˵ɫصģӪһѹֵգĶ
ϸë޵Сˢӣճġ΢΢ЩΣӦǣܣҲ˽
ֿĹػһӣԭҲûʲôҪģճĵصһʱˣ׷û׼׵µоңһսȷʵûռϷ磬ཀྵ֮ƣ޷ѾȥգʮݵԮͻᵽˣģо̣û˭κӳڻ¡
ˮ۾һǵģˣ˵ô
ճıӣϹģС˲ҳݣֻҪûϡڣҺΣꡢݺὮɷ򱾵ǣĳ磬ֻڱá
ʱʱ̲̿κӳ歽Ǹ˲ҵĳˣɱˡ㲻Ҫ˵ӷɴء
ճصءߡһʶҸĲҵﻤţ˶㣬ţҿҽʬԳ
歵һۣҪ˵ô˵ĻҵСš
ðɣŵʱģ㵨Сˡ
Σ֮У⻰˵ãƺκӳѾһ㣬ǿԴ󡣽СӣߡһʾԼɡ
ճЦˣǲǣκӳǰһõе佫ٽѦԻǹ佫߶Ϊ壬ΨƲǸУ˳΢Ϊ֮һ·ߵ񣬲С˵ʶ𣬽ʶЧκӳսն£ҿκӳ˭
ϵƲߡ歺ȻҼмΣҸ׺ʶ߾лһְҸȵ۱ٵģ˵ǸˡҲǸˣɿˣ˭뵽
Ϊˣʲôûƶ֣֮ճŽĹĵģҲ˵ƣЦŰסУһûһµߣͷ
һֻСϵζһԺؿʼ

ӪС
ҹѾˣţ͸ȼţĿЩʪ򷢳΢ž졣
£ƲϵӰŨκӳӣճ֮ѪҪΪ岻ݴǣԵ㣬ǣΪһ֮˽˹᣿ЩԽթײУкұ߹ذЩҵճξ֮⣬ȴǷ룬ǧ֮
ٽѦԵȵƲߣȼΪԵΪ˵
κӳֹ֣סѦԣƲº͵صˣǰ㲻֪صˣǻİճ˽ԹԸһ֮˫ȡ裬ճ֮ʱԻߡɴţαؾСڣ˹ȻɺޣôҲȲճͷ󻼣ҵɱˣκӵĶӣлѪعҪǸλӣһκ¶Ƕ֣Ϊǿźá
ƲüȻҽǰ³֮󣬿ɽƱİݸƽָͻʣ֪д£
κӳͫȴ侲ǲȨ֮˵ҰǰӣҲΪˣΪҽϣ׸᣿
ѦѾŭƲߣп֣֮
κӳѦ⣬֪ԣ
ĿתƲߣУֿҲҪɣͬģɴҵһࡣ
Ʋ߳Ĭ˰Σվ̾Ϣһǣĳʧ̬ˣӼ¡
԰գ˳ȥˡ
ѦԼƲ˳ȥüͷκӳӣƲߴĴá
Ȼ֪κӳ侲صոǿΨһճǿһսĴ󽫣öǣϾǵĵ֮ɱճźΪҸ׺Ͱٱܱ𡣡
Ѧ̾Ϣһˡ

ᣬƲ߳κӳӪʣͷɫڡ
ʿǳŻӪѲߣȥǵĻɢڷԲʮأԶǱӪأŻͻʵľӡ
Ʋ̧ͷ˿죬ɫǶ޼յģһ顣
ǸˣʶκӳʱԥظκӳǸĶׯӣΪκӳȻ
ǣκӳЮֽԼ˾ӵĵԭȼᶨؿʼҡˡ
дγǡ
ฮалм˽һ档һ澪衢һ正ɫ˴Դ˺εؼס仰ûʲôֻĵ׵һԸѣԸһƽ˳졣
޳ת˷ǣ뽪ѲڡκӳԼ̣ݷãһ֣ͼıСΪƲ߰ľ正ǸĹҲֻճ˰ɣڣǸ˿ȥܺã֮Ӧܷˡ
ѾҪһ
Ʋ߻ͷһκӳӪʣ̾һ

ϲе綹һ£Ϩ
үоҪ档ϵ⴫żء
ճֻǳߣһ¾۾
死ߣһֻëë䶯һ£˯Ժġճ£˯ˡ
ճ
˧Ӫм䴹һĻӸΪǰ䣬ǰΪΪҡճӺ󷽳ȥвĻ
ϽӪʡ
ճڰǰ£һ˵ɣ£
˫ֽһźʲӪһһźӪʿ͹ˡ
ճʵأ
ˣʿû׷
ճӹźһ£Ī棺Ʋߣע󷽣ݳпвݡ
ź˰ϣطʣο
ճϵ̵̶ͬɣҡҷͶ°밵Ӱޱ顣
׷ճĸ֮ˣʮ˽⣬Σֻľͷ̧
뵽ճݵİţ뵽Ʋ֮⣬һ亹
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