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أԼҡ
谵ֻд˼ĿԣܾҲʱ޶ˡ
ϫ̲ס˼žòڲ齵Ӳַ
ʵסһɵʱ̫ˣֻᷳӣϫؿڣǺѴϢˣŸԼ˸ýԼЩ
ϾѾݵƤͷˡ
ŴӴ͸⣬Īůͣϫ̲ס䣬Լжûгȥˣǻ
֪ûлȥһĵ⡣
Ǹĵϫãǰ㲵ŮӼֱˣЩ·ѾϱӾˡ
˼ˣֻϵ˿Ц£üͷһ޶˵գʱȴ˿ۡ
齱ͭϫû̧ۣˣϽǲ̬üƺˮͦıûʲôѪɫ˫һͷ˿Ҳòδúô΢΢Щңֻһ˿˿䣬˼Ҽζ
˼ڵϫã¶ŰɣٰμҵóĵŮ
ֳٰϫ̲סȻ£һжԼҵģкȥǡ
꣬ϫûٰθμҴС㣬۰ֳǻмӣãɵ׻ܳ衣
ĸ˵ҸģûʮǰȥٰμԴȵĻ
ǸʱϫηȻһ̤֪࣬;ȴǡ˺ηȻһ
ϫñҲηȻͲ죬ͬ·ηȻȴ˵һ·иӦϫûʲôҲʹӦ̤ͬࡣ
һ·ηȻϫ˵ԹӵĻƩ磺ȴƷԼͣº񣬲Ż磬ڴҲԶĲӡ
ϫñҲԹûжȤηȻԽ࣬Ҳ˼֮̽⡣
ԹӵǺЩӸвͬء
ϫԭΪ̤֮أҲٽͬˣ֪ǸԹȴһֱǰ׼ұţȴǸһβԶľ롣
ʱ䶼ǰ׼ұ署ţʱʱҲ˵һЩԼ뷨ƽͣ΢Ц
̤ȥϫ÷ԼˣɵЩˣŮҵ֮Ǳʰ˱ض鷳
żϻ֮ʱηȻȴ˼ϫøηȻȥԼĵط֪˻Թ
ϫúлηȻ˸
֪ǲɺϣֻԺÿÿηȻһȥܻԹӣ˾Ϥ
ǫǫӣ񡱣ǸʱϫöԣǾǿģһĶҲ˵ͨˡ
֮ϫú⣬ͶϣʱηȻΪǴڻÿζΪϫó⡣
ùϵһʱԴˣϫҲĸлõģʲôСҲηȻԺȥһݡ
һжۣϫһʱĿǰĴֱԴȣ
һҲζȻҪϼȥģʱϫöȻ֣֮ࡣ
˵ŵ֮ȻӭȢţԸίͼ
ϫȵ꣬Ҳģأ֮仹мԵȣͬηȻ˵һ㣬Ҳ˸׵ˡ
Ƕʱϫķң֣˵￴κҵСκలκҲףʱء
ϫÿҲˣԾûӣõֳ֪¡
ʰװ׼֮ʣϫùԼСκ˽Ǯ͵͵ţҪһߡ
⻹ηȻģã֮ʱϵ͵͵ҲηȻ߻ġ
ʱϫѾõ˾ݣȻεúܡ
ϫ˳ϣһ̤˻
̼ǵãǸʱسŵţöҾ㡣
ϫڴ֪ԼҵĴģΪԼѾһԿ׼ˡ
ԼңųЩ̱ĸʵϫЩҵģĸײϲ²֪δĸĻġ
Ȼĸɫȴδ˵ʲôΪӦǹĸһ˰ɡ
ÿڼжд֣ϫþԼҪͻЩҲǰôˣҪͻЩŲŻϲġ
ϫ˼еĻտʼҲʲôҲãɨԺĸɨɾѧ˴ĸɫѿˡ
ҲЩίǰڼмʱЩģÿغͬŵЩõδʱôʱĿҲ༸˿ˡ
ѾܹΪĸֵЩĻˣȻҲ˼⣬Ȼ˵ҪΪ˰£δɻһֱסűϾԲ˳
ΪˣϫûأҪ޸ˣϺ¼޸Լİˡ
ǳɻˣûдֻͣΧҪõھӹԾƣЩˣ֮£ϫѾˡ
һ꣬ϫУҸ֮ʣƽɫҲ˼Ժ͹ػ
ʱյηȻţ˵˸׺ԼֳĽ׺
ηȻ˵ѾΪˣκθ׻ſģٹЩʱո׵ˣʱٸдȥٰһžۡ
ϫÿҲ֪ԼԲסֳΪТ¿ԼδԻСҲ嵭Щ
ŵȺӴЩԼ๫ҲҪȥ֮ʱźӺ๫һȥٰϲСһϲģСصʱͲˡ
ɾΪԼҸʱʵݺݵظһǶ⡣
ÿն鷿飬ȥ鷿ɾ鷿ſڣĸĶԻ
پ͸ˣ֫ٺ
ԭĸһֱΪĶûоΪٰʶϫãϫù-ӣĲûо٣ĸһʼԹϫõġ
һж˵ͨˡ
ϫԭΪĸԼƴѧΪֵԼǰҲǸʮָմˮĴСˡ
ĸͻȻҪΪǲٳֻ£ΪԼŬĸĹЩԭǣֻΪĸе֪ˣԭϫٰظμҵĵŮ
һ֦֦ͽݾˡ
УУΪĸĻϲģԭĸϲԼҺٰμҵѪϲĺӡ
ʹȻ
ϫȻĺ֪ĸ룬ôأ
أôģ
͵һϣʱ΢Щ
ˣҪ˵ˣʡá
ʧġ
ԣҲ
⻰ĸ˽Ӧ۹ΰɣϫôδ˻ƭǶ
ƫƫܲ˵ıȻԼǵĺӵ;һש
ϫŶģ˫ֶӡ
ֹ˼գϫɫԽԽҲΪѪ㣬վϸﰲοȥ鷿
ϫõȰȣԺͣվûеȵȿڡ
ˣȻˣǱԼȥ˺
ҹ˷ϫÿˣƽ๫ûʲôҪ˵ģ
һûУӿʲô£
ϫЦ£һᣬҡҡͷ˯ˣҲֻǻ׶˼ˡ
վɣϫԭ꺢˵ϾԼģû֪Լĺӡ
ɲ֪ĸ˷˵ٰμҵСǺ˽˵ģμҺʧ˵Ůˡ
ôһ·Ӳͳ׶ô
ĸ鷿ϫײĸҪϫôԼϳȥס
ûд·ˣҪ˱μǨŭ;ɾǳˣĻԼҹҫ鹡
ʱϫв£̥ͲȣΪǰᣬһʱ侹Ȼ˺죬ջûסӡ
ϫСˡ
ϫû̥ӹжᣬ˵ˣǲúýţպС
һ
ϫ÷޶˵ĹϵҲתֱ£߱
ÿΣιҩģģҲûһżһۣҲٲƴǰᡣ
ϫõСʱʱģշת˽һźˡ
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괺ŰԴȣæˣǰ߰ձȥͬ˵˵±ǰҲѼһ棬ͬµķޣ
ҲǺЦ
ʱԽԽȥٰϫãδ˵Ҳֻ̾£˾䣬㱣壬һˡ
ȥٰĸϫǲ䲻ȵģֻȴǲٹʺҪϫһˣҲ࿴ۡ
˵ͣ˵ҲѾˣϫȴǲС˷纮徹ԽԽˡ
ϫòڲ齣һ˻δãĸҲȨװƵģҲϸϫһ
ĸÿնҪȻҲչϫõϫһԱǳķһۣտԾǴѪ
ϵʺѪգϫÿЦԼǺòˡ
ϫԭԼȥץҩţôҲҪſҪ롣
Ȼᣬαپ
֪ԼκǮȫȻˣεӰӡ
ûǮץҩϫӲ˼£һת۱ӣҲûˡ
롣
ž㲵Լϫôӻг롣
ɻ
һξβӣӦҪˣϫÿĸѵùЦ-ѳˣǽˡ
ϫóŸԼȹ˸ǰٰʱ˵ķ٣Ų԰׵ɫϫóòùĿ֬㼸ȥһǶ˼־
ϫԼԺɹ̫˼Щ㱣ʱڵˣһֱչˣϫæ


һƼϫģɵ̾˿õĹ̣ˣ
ȥ˵һЦӣӹǿɺЩˣ
Щˣˡ
ʵҶãϫ˵滰ء
;ƿݣûʱˡ
͵͵ĨĨۿתЦǣϫõ֣ϲġ
ϲӺϫװ֪ʵ
Ӳ๫ˣԪأԺ󰡱ǾүˣʱˣѽҪϽˡ
ô
ϫ૵
ֹһϫӱ֪еǲ֪ġ
ϫõʲôֱ˵ɣġ
һҧ˳ҵǧ๫ĸҲ֪ġ
ʹʹЩ֪ˣ㡣
ǧ𣿹Ȼ˵ĸƺ˵ģ͵λء
ǣ֪֪
ˣˡ
ɫ̫ãֿοЩЪ£תˡ
˺ϫǿŻӣȻܣεֵϵʹ
ϫһдһݺ飬Ϊ֮ǰԵʼ֮򸾡ԵϣԩңԡԶĲͬѹһ⣬ἰףԸ๫֮󡭡һϲ
ϫǩԼ֣˼֣ʹģһѪ
ʺѪ˺ϣİͻѪ졣
ϫóŲס齱ߣѪ˳˳䡣
ңﻹͷ
ʶȻ̶̵һϫõԺۻ㻮
ɾǰһ̣ƿų˽糾ͣͨؽԼ˻
ϫⱲӸܹůʵӵˡ
ʶɢһ˲䣬ϫû㱿Ǹˣһʹĺ
ߣ
±ӣҪҪΪνİٻҲøĽ֡
Ҫú̷лϥ£ٲˡ



ϫֻԼ˰еĽϧԼѾ겻ܹ˵ģе͸ġ
ѲԼ̫ˣƮٰˣ
ԣĻʹͷ͵
ϫ۾ӳԼٰʱĹ뷿ϵѶԼϲȹ
ôܣ
ִ̫
ŮηҲϫõİϲæǰסŮ֣ıŮˣΪҪˡ
żİϫõһֻæץŰ֣ȵġ
ϫÿ˵ң졣
ϿŸͿ޳˵ŮʱۼˣŮıη纮ŵˣΪ˰ŮŮС
ҵɵŮӴ
۵ģģֻصߣΡ
Լһŵֳȥֲǻ谵ϫÿ޵ˣһѽסԴůĻȥ
Һ㣬硭
ԣ۵ظŮļ̧ۺԼ๫ͶӶһۣεҡҡͷ
ŮŻ˰ɣۡ
ϫÿ޵ˣּ֮ʵʹúܣͷҲãĻů˯˹ȥ
ŮˣĿ˿û뵽СŮԼ˯ˣֻϻᡣ
Ӵ
θٻ龰ֻ̾£۵ˣȻˣϫˣŮЪһЪɡ
ʱҲҵ
ϵͷţȥɣҲѻ˺Щˣȥæɡ
һϫþȻ˯һһҹϵʹѾֻ࣬ǻûʲôͷˣҲࡣ
ϫÿԼϸ۵˫֣ʮָմˮаģãĻˡ
ϸ£Ϊ˷纮ŻԲѵģǵʮȾصķ纮ģô˵صʮˡ
ʱ䣬ʱδٰȵϫңǾͺãصϱӵĸޡ
಻Щνĳŵˣ̫ˡ
ȻˣܿκܺĳϣٲԼܡ
Щʧϫñ˶˲٣ˣҲͨ͸ˣɫȻͺˡ
ʱһСѾͷˮˣѾˣΪϲصˣ̫ˡ
ϫÿԼŮ£ɵͷһůԼϱ̫ˣѾͷǸģѹ̷ְѾߡ
ϱµȰҲһͷԨȥ
̷ϴɡ
ϱϫûȥûйЩӣȻЩӦģôӦء
οѲǸʮָմˮϫˣʲôãЦŰֵãպҹԼɡ
ܾԼҹˣø׽ЩûԶƶ˵ˡ
ô˵ⶼǺ£Խã˵ȻŻá
Ǻ֮ԺﶼúܣԼҹǸϻܸɵģԼľǲ֣ż¸ǶС˳
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οпŮı仯ͬʱҲأ˴һŮǳˡ
죬ϫС簮ԵֱȻõӽֱװãȥѣŴȥ˴ĳԺ
ͶһǰһţȣʳиԼҹ󣬿ԼҹıӰҲˡ
㣬ū澸
ϫԡ͡Цһתؿ£СѾͷʲôʱҲҹȤˣСĴӡ
ЦŻͷÿɷϫãѾͷУԼҹأʵͻָòˡ
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Ϊ¸ϣǷЩӡ
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ϫô½ԺӣЦűߵˣأ
˸׵鷿
ϫҲǣô㣬궨Ҫ³μԵģ鷿ſڣϫýӹʳУ⽵Լȥҡ
֪ҪʲôǺվ
ϫƿ鷿ţһڼƼԼͷ˼Ĵ磬ӣûء
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ϫ÷Ų߽ȥڵųеϷʳУȻһǰȥʱ۾
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ʱš룬ǾСŮ
ϫ÷ſ֣Цû֦ҲʱҲЦˣԼôСǸְ
һЦգϫԼʲôģæĶ˹

ʱ˿ԭֱûˡ
һУڳ㣬ھ׽±ڻˣϲġ
ϫգ۾Щڴʣôó԰ɣ
ʱࣺţóԵġ
ģ簮ԾͶԵ㣬ҪϲÿնϫΪص
ʱЩȣȻģһʮָմˮĴСʲôʱȻѧζǾڳ˲յİɣ
ǰȻ֪û뵽ЩʱЩΣԼĴȻá
ÿҪÿҲ᲻ҼСôġ
ϫȻ˸绰ۣŴ磬ǰûмһ棬ʱۿ΢ȡ
Ⱳúϧ
ʱԼúۿһʱЩżôˣ
ϫ̲סۿЦۿԼŵľģϫЩ˼ԼȻڴǰޱˡ
ǣϫþʱ磬Цҡ
ʱŶԼСãǻϲΣԴӴһǱ֮ǰˡ
Ҳãôһ׵ã˭أ
ϫΧŴô˺һŴҪ׼ԣ㲻ţǴˡ
ֱϫ鼫ãŸ졣
ϫû뵽ײˣֻһīۣȷǷī߹ڣüĿŵЦݣͦǱǷݡ
֪ӹȥ˶ٹŮҵġ
ϫȻҲʶãͬѣٰκʷҵκӣκల
˵ǴͬǰȻҲǼģֻȴǺͬԼģϫõӡУ֮ϱӵЩɢӡܾЩ壬̫ϲ˻࣬Ҳ̫ϲŮӽӽ
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ϫôǸڵģ۰Ĵǰˣٲ˻Щƫ˺öζڳҲǣԼ̫ˣǲ̫ϲġ
ǴĺѣӭײˣϫòкǺ
ϫ΢˸κӺá
ԷԱ΢΢£ϫȹ׼첽뿪ʱû뵽Էȴˡ
ȵȡ



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ϱԼ֮Ǹ񣬲ͬǣǸʹ˻ƣƽ͡
ϫҡҡͷһԼˣôԼϱӺ޹ཻôȥֵطأ
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ϫûϣκల߽ЩϫǰЩӸ˷纮֪ɴã
ϫñ⻰ŪЩͷԣǰɴûͬԼ˵ôһ仰ôˣ
ϫæûûˡĩּ˾䣬лκӡ
û˱á˵תˡ
ϫÿ˵ıӰɵûԣ˵ʲôţ
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ڶ˶ԣõǺȻܽʱҲǸˣȻϲġ
లֵܣллˡ
κలڰ֣֪뵽ʲôȻǲʱҷ·Сá
ʱһ֪Цţѽֱأɣҳˣûڸ
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κలЦЦܸоﲻһˡ
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⻰˵˼£е㲻̫һҲ֪˷纮󲡲ųҵǾðСѾͷԽԽˡ
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κల˺ɫ˱䣬Ҳ̲סЦ˳
ʱֵǲǰ˾Ͷˡ
κల˵ʱֵǰܰԺôòУÿֻҪèƵģҪôˣҪôתߡ
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Ž˶Ĳ֮ͬκలɫ˰
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ϫüͷ΢ɲ漴ҡͷ˵ʲô߶˵ĻüˣңǸ˵ġ
ϣϫźúôǰŵˣü죬ݰףˮƵġ
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ǸηȻǻԺתתϫҲùҲͰƽദš
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ϫһʱЩȣû뵽κలҲڣҪ֪ĻЩˣǳκల˸κӺá
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ϫһʱ侹ȻЩӦλκĺǰ֮ǰ˵СʱʲôҲ֮ʱͰڴи磬йల硱أⲻκల̫ϲûǰյѽ
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κలףϫúá
ϫúʹ˵ŻһʱЩղסͷĵûȳ죬κల࣬żҲһˡ
˵һ룬ʱȥҶˣʱذϫһʱҲ֪úκలЩʲôԱ㲻˵ˣֻһζŲ衣
κల˵ˣô˵ˣ
ϫû뵽ʳûûʲôܲ˵Լ̫˷Ų֪˵ʲôĺðɡ
ม𣿡
ǣǰϫõͷС
κలЦЦһΪϫںأ
ߣ
ϫñ⻰Ǻһڲ裬Щ߳ŭصҲŲǺߣ㲻ϲ˻ҲϲŮӴյ̫ǰһ㲻˵ˣΪ˲ӣŰЩģŲǣŲǺߡ
κలԵǾ죬ѾͷЩϲģȴ۵ġ
ԭСЩǱԽ˵ȥС黳ţͲˡ
κలصǲ̫ϲ˻࣬ҲϲŮǰգȴ㣬ۡ
ϫһʱЩʲôСۡѲκలﻹĲɣ
ֻϫò֪òýĻ֪˵ʲôǱȥˡ
ʱҵ˶ѲԼõӰʺѣϫˣ
κలü۴Цţˡ



չÿµĳһʮһҪһ÷ģʱ䶼ڸԵԺþͺˡ
ʮ壬ϫˣŲǳͣЩģ纮ֲźãϫһɫ廨ȹһë֯ˡ
԰ȡˣҲ䡣
ϫõǰʱ򣬱ѾǶˣϫò˹ȥϸ˸͸СŮҵĽΣ
ηƼԼŮˣü۴ЦݣࡣĹŮ˵ֽеԼǰš
ôӿɻвʣﲻĶҪϿǧ˲֪𣿡Ϊ۵ص
ϫԼĸ׵Ĺػ뵽ǰСŵӣ˹Ĺ䣬ϫʱɬѡ
ЦſοԼĸףûˣģʴ硣
ʱǡʱθˣʱʲô
ŮӣֿԼҳ湫ӵĶӣеο˲á
θЦЦϫõЩӵǴܵЩǰˡ
˭дϲĴأϫЦĵ˵š
ʱЦ컬ࡣ
ŻϣˣסǴ֦ԺİŮηȻξ顣
ԭְٰ̼׼ҵŮֵ̼ĵλߣΪǰϫһֱ벻ͨΪ׻ŮţΪˣϫֱɲǸ򵥵ġ
Ҳల£ûڳʲô粨
òǲģŮҲǲģҪ˵ŮηȻξȴȫͬӡ
ϫõӡУηȻ¶ģξȴǡǡ෴ܰעⲻ
Ů󣬳Ÿ׺ĸӯӯһݣˣүã˰á
θԲ˵ֻǰ˰֣ûʲô仯ƽصɡ
ߵηȻξǰװãĸװá
θѵÿڣɡ
˵һ˱ΧŲϺϫʱöȻڿλĵطǴŮס
ʳ޲
ϯҲֻײ
˶˲裬ϫһͿǳԵĺܱ飬ϫڷſԼ
ʱ·ηȻȴǿˣӿɴˣ
ϫǻлǰ̤࣬ϫñ£˵ɽȥ˿Ӱúܡ
˵⻰ϱԼҶӶһۣҪǷŮԼǰŸȬˣҪѾͷƭˡ
ʱεЦЦԼùǸģãֻС֮ССһֻ۱һֻۡ
ȥ
˵ãɵ׵б費ͬʱ곤ЩҲͶЩۣðС˼ɲ٣ξ飬͸Щ
ηȻԱü̾Ҫûͬһȥء
ϫ΢ɲüȴЦӦеðʱÿɱӽ㷳
᲻ᡣηȻ
θ֮Ҫ׺ֲǡ˵ȥæȥˡ
ʱҲһ뿪ǰԼԺӡ
θһߣҲʩʩȻشŮ˻˴֦Ժȥˡ
ֻʣϫúʱϫòżԼĸ¶ѿɫ
ϫȻΪʲô
̾˿һʱ˲٣˵ЩƵƵ֦ԺȥˣҲ۰мӣΪվһʱʹֶι-ܽθţ̧
ϫõǵһĸЩ£ĸ׶ԸҲģްϳ룬־ᣬһһһ˫˵ĳŵ
ۿֵ븮㰲ȣǻţЩҲȥԺˣÿµĳһʮ壬ҶҪ˸ﻹиˡ
Ժ
ϫûһֱһ⣬껹̼ŮİʶԼҸ׵ģĻ᣿лᣬΪʲôǰ׼ҵĵŮŮأ
УΪ˰ǲǸ֪Щʲô
ϫͻȻԼػһĶȴǽڿˡ
գʱ˼λͬ͡
˹ϵܵκలཻõģһǳ¼˽ӵĳ¹ӳһٰ֪ͨ½ҵ½ӣ½
ʱθ԰ʱźƷģżʫ˴󷢵Ļһʫ
ģϫóߣûǱߴգϻᱻۼĿˡ
֣ǲ𣿡˵⻰ǳ
ʱκలͬʱ˹ϫҲãҲãԱ󷽷ش¹ȥˡ
磬κ磬¹ӣ½ӡϫһһ˸
ʱˣҲûΣ֡ԯޣ˵ΪʲôκǶκ磬ͳ˹ˣ
½æĻ濪ˣĪҪߡϳϫ˸
ЩǷᣬƫƫĺĺ
κలüзЩҫɲ˭õġ
ߺߵѲɾ㵱ãᡣ
ϫһʱ̲סЦ˳¹ӵ˴۽硣
ͤ˻ϫò׼뿪ͬʱ˵ɣȥСǱߡ
Ǳ뿪ˡ
֪ǰŸߣž˸κల
θСֻҲȥһ
Ȼ˼Ҷ˵ˣϫҲ˵Щʲô˱һǰһСȥˡ
СһѾˣһֱ˱ǶϢ
ϫûйˣֻأţˣģϱƬСˣԴȥҲûŹĻ㡣
ǰ£ֿһ£ϫ̾˿ͻȻ뵽ǰһʫΪӦ
ȥմУһӳ졣治֪δȥһЦ硣
ϫԾԼŵ̾ϢѾΪˣϻǱκలȥ
κలʣϫΪҪ̾
֪ǲǴ飬ϫÿվǰӣ㿡ݣһģǱ㵭صЩΪһУǵʱΪվҲӹ˷ǡ
κలȻ֪Ϊλͻĸпֻ˷ǣṇ̀Ȼزͷβǰ
ǰزͷˣػһϫҲٻͷҲͷ
糯ǰ
ǹΪ¡
һͨˣϫõʱɿ˲٣κల˸ÿ˼֡
ºã˹С֣˵Цز뿪ˡ
ʱСֵĽηȻеӣļٲηֺ

䣨һ

ҹκԺ
κలһţŽһУʲôˡ
ػһǶҪһõģǰκలʹ̣ɺ죬˶վǱ˸ˡ
һ棬κలֽӣԼմѪĺ飬ʱ޿̲ȻõΪβúô
һӵĻۻκలԺ߹
ϱӣһͬʱǺֵܣУκలҲʱϲȥθѣÿÿȥ˵Сã۵һС˶ʱʱΧʱ޲ȥ
ʱκలЩСѾͷģܶ࣬˵ĻƵģˣƤǺ񣬻Ͱ͵ظԼСల硱κలЩ˵Ҳñֳÿÿ˱Ŷ䵭ЩСͲˡ
֪Ӻʱ˵СѾͷˣͤͤĴˣżȻһСֽײˣǡһӳ족ϡ
֪ôˣСﲻˣԼల硱ˣҲǹؾصسơκӡСﲻˣȴǵƬǸҫ۵˶ˡ
ٲƽ
ȥθΪƵˣΪȥͺѶд裬ʵΪȥһ˶ǻѰһЩϡȥСÿÿֽ֮˳ȥ
ЩоǵúѶ׸綼Ȳİ
̫ˣȴĸ硣
ܶʱȥθСͺ٩٩̸Ц⣬ÿ˺󻰱ˣʱֻȨǹҵĺ߰ˡ
Сյ˴ġȻҲҪģֻһݣκలÿÿ״ñӺߺߵСƫġ
ǵúһЦ˵˾ҪӻֱŤģʲôҲ˵ûҲ˵䣬˵ģŮӾҪġʱ֮Աǣˡ
ٺ֪СĶʶٰһĶȥﻹõˡ
һʼκలҲֻǾĹӸǲͬǾЩʰˣʸй˱ˡ
ͬʱһҲæ³ԣԹ˲Ͼȴ˴ںŰ֪Լоٺظȥθʱȴ֪СﾹȻ˽ˡ
ͷȣǶϫõΪʲôԼԼûмʱ֪⣬һ
ϫߺμҴңηôһθųݻȥ˿ͷȻģһ˶Ϊܲ˿ԼģϫõǸǿģθŮŮʦѧȥˡ
˵Щκల緢ģϾٰԵĵһԪֻκల֪ڰһӡ
ʵ͵͵ȥϫãǸʱУɫܺãü۴Ҫĸ˵ϲãٿСκలȻɬֻҪúãҲˡ
κలһ׼µĻԣҪ׼ϾĶһȥһ·ӽʿʿڹ֮ʱȴС˵Ϣ
ǸʱҪȥ֪ʲôȥȥ˸˵ڼһЩ̲ĶȥΪܡ
֮ھǵյȥϢ˵ˣǰȥˣ·;ңԶϢ͵ʱѾ˴ˡ
κలض֣ʹ޷˼ٴҴҸȥȴû뵽Ļĳ档
԰׵ӣԼǴ۵ʺ죬һб˹ȥ§ס˶ȴҲֻ˵ߡʲôҲˡ
մѪĺ飬иʹ̣۰ҪεȵĻŻд顣
ӽñ䣬κలҲˡ
˼֣κల絶һҪץסʱúûˡ
ǱʱˣҪپԼˣҲٺСֱŤȥץԼ
һϱӵļ俴󣬵ʮһ꣬Сģ˷纮ˣҪˣ޲÷ɵȥš
ôֻеȣӺˣֽͱȥθҺʱȴûϵײԶԶ㿴ˡ
СЩȻģصúܺãվɻκӡκలֱˡ
ס˵ꡰȵȡǱӰһǱŵˣϲס֡
űһ̽ӡϫáκ硱֤һ룬һϲֺµĲ롣
ֱСֵǷǾʹ˲Ż¶ɫ̾ϢԼ˵˷ǡʱļȡ
ӿ϶ˣԼģҲȹ֮¡
ϲͬʱֺܣϲ¶ĺ룬룬ⱲӾҲضصޣܵǣҪϱӵʹһβЩܵĶ
ڶκలͷãϱϫЩ¶ģҲйġ
뵽κలһʱ䣬һʱѾٰˡ
Ȼ֪ᷢʲôôȥֹ
ǰɣлӽϫõġ

̤ࣨ

˵´Ƽ£ˣٰʱڵٰлЩʪϢȴܣȲسȥһǽʹĴ֦뻨
Ƕ˺µŵıװ
˵ʱʺϳȥ̤ˣΪ̤࣬ȴҲһף̤;˿ۣձýϸȥҲеġ
Ժ
ϫԺһ棬ϼء
ãɹ˵ůģм˿΢벻˯ⶼѡ
֮ʱµߵܹˣˡ
ηȻʲô
ЩˣҪһգ˵ϫһʱηȻʩʩȻȥ
֪ʲôҪ˵
ˣɡ
ϫƤһ£ηȻһƼһ龰ϵ棬ճ˲ӯһյС˳Ө׵ָСϣ˵ڹǲƤ˵ıǰ˶˰ɡ
ܿηȻס۵׵һĨɫЦ˵ص㣬߶ˡ
ϫԣĵ̾˿ǽȥӦţɡ£ϲ衣
æ𣺡ǣ
ֽźƬ̱˲ˮϫһڣ
ηȻҲһڣ޵ĶǺã˶ǿڳġ
ϫ˼ͬˣ£ȥһߵʱһȥ
µͷǣūȥ
ηȻǾȵЦ̶æãȻл㡣
ҽãؿϫõص
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̤ࣿǺǰһĻˡ
Ҳ㲻
Ȼ㲻ǱӭϣѾ֪˽֣ȥϱӵ·ġ
ð
ֻǣλýǼ٣˵ǲҶҲǼ٣ͷȥ̤档
һ룬ϫһҲǱηȻųȥ̤ŻԵɺʶһηȻĨô¾ΪԼȥ̤࣬ʵЩ˻ɡ
ϫͻȻһµͷһжڱ߻˵أ
ȻǾκˣȴû¶֣ϫֻװڴʣÿɶճȥδ̤ࣿҲ׼
ηȻհɣٰǽС¼ãǱȥǱɡ
ǽСǺϱһص㶼ûء
ϫõ뿴ãʲô
ðò˹ұǡϫõ
ηȻĿļѴɣȻӯӯһ뿪Ժ
ηȻߺϫõų·ղǸü۴Ц˲һ㡣
ҿɣܱܣܱǱ
ͬʱκκలҲյϢ˵ηȻϫȥС̤ࣿ
ǣӡ
κలüͷһ壬ηȻڸʲôϷƴֹϫηȻôŷƵĴ˼أ
ͻȻκల뵽һ£ɫѿηȻǲϿȥ򵥡
κలˣĩֵȥú⣬ηȻʲô
ǣӡǺ˵ȥӰ
κలΪϫ͵͵׼İЩƽﶼθбϫãҲ¶ȫͱϴȾ˷纮֮£¶ȷ
뵽յ̤࣬κలѾö⡣
һ磬±㽫ϫøˣȻǻװ硣
ϫüѾĸ˻⣬ֻõҹֲǳȥͷģһپͿˣѱ㴩ɫխȹɣ·ҲЩ
ȴҡͷô˵أ̤ļҹﲻǴû֦չȥģǹò֮ãô³ء
ϫ֪СѾͷ˼Աȥˡ
ױúϫЩСͽˣЩԼģθƢڼвһЩĻô棿
ϫżηȻǱɹػˣ˵ηȻѾſڵˡ
ȻˣҲ˼Ҷȣϫñ³š
Ȼ˴ſʱηȻѾǶˣҲ˸СѾߣ顣
ϫЦŵþõˣ߰ɡ
ȥ̤ĻһһѾߺһ
ԣϫñηȻͬһϫøܵηȻһֱڴʣһֱʲô
ηȻ̶ЦȻǽÿ
ϫЦЦÿɷ񣬴ﵽһ·̵ģϫԿųڼ£
һ·һֱƽȣһ͵ϫúòӲûˡ
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ʱһӵлЩϲĿμұã
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硱ϫǲ뻽ģ׺ǰֳĶӣ׼ұҲֻηȻı磬ϫ
ηȻƿĿڰ׺ΧһȦЩʧ磬ľֻһˣ
һˣ
ϫҲһۣȻûӰӣô˵ǲˣֻҪǰƷչܱܿ
׺㶣ЩźһʶĺҪһȥ̤ģʱ²ˣֻһˡ
ηȻüͷ΢£λѲļƻǾҪˣ
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ηȻǴӦ˰׺룬һͬȥС
Դϫȫû飬׼ұηȻɲһˣܽĶ֪
ĸԸ¡
һ˵СϫҲ˵ֻԹԵسǰߣηȻһֱǰߣ㻽Щȵá
ϫòװû͸ǰ׺һѵõĻᣬǲ֪ܲܰסˡ
ϫߵԼõĵطߣҹȥ
ߣηȻʵ˦׺⣬ȴҲ޿κΣϾ´λҪλԹǡ
ս˽⣬ٰЩӸǼ˵ģλԹӻһЦǾٺòˣҲô˼
ηȻ֪ǣķĻĵս˿ȴúܡ
ϫôСһȦ÷Ͷ˱Ҹ֮ϯض´İóѱõĸˮʵúܡ
ϫóԵ֮ʱһЦˣϫúⰡ
ϫñ͵ҭһ£ȻĿЩŭǰˣκҪ𣿡
κలЦЦЩŭˣŹֵϫĪ֣ҡҴˡ
û뵽κలȻǸ˵ֲЦˣˣҲǹġ
κలֵϫѾСһȦ˰ɣΪǸҴȥõطȥȥ
ϫûδͷһԵµżˣ
ģκలʱ˶ֵܣСѾͷʲôѵὫҹ˲ɣ
ϫҲǣǶ˵ĺõطȤȥĶǿɻϵûһͬûظ
κలЦ˵ϵüֿµȥЪŵҹɡ
뿪ıӰ¹վԭأһʱ侹ãȻúܡ
ҹʱͬκҪˣ

¶

֪ʲôԭϫöκలĪΣ˵治֪ںδҲΪǴͬѰɣ
ϫȹڸκలС·ȥκలᳵ·ӣ߹һ
С·һĴ·ԶԿһƬשߵԺӣ벻Сı澹ȻµһأϫһʱκలҪʲôӺˡ
Ӵ·ȥڽӽԺʱµ·ͱ˶ʯ̳ɵС¡
ϫò̾ط
κల˹ǣȻиϲġ˵겻ϫ÷ӦȻȻǣϫõ֣ߡ
ϫÿԼůưŵ֣һʱ侹Ȼ֪α֣˵ǰͬй֮ʵҲǹصúܣҲǣ֣ܾ˵ʲô
ˣЩ¶
ϫûѿκలǣߡ
ԽȥǹζԽŨˣϫᣬΪϲصһ㡣
κలǰ˶˵šһ㡱ʱ۾ǷǵϣɷǺÿ
šκలĵЦݸȾˣЦһص
ֻϫûע⵽ˡ
ϫţԣо㣬ѵһһƣǰŵʵһƵһ
κలͷ
һʵ̫ˣϫòƷһƷƣ뿴˼ģǺҲ
κల˼ߣҴȥ
ϫøκలһСԺ̤ԺӣϫþͿ챻һƵˡ
ֻκల˼㿪ڻ˾䣬ʦ
ϣҡϱ۾µİ׷ͷ۾κలһ˫۾ЦС־Ƴԡ
˵κల󻹸Ÿϫãһ˫۾ǶشһһȻģСӲԼˣϼҴأ
ʦֱ׵شȤŶˡ
ϫüʦˣæǲǣˡ
ʦ۾ϫãǣʲôСƵģġ
ϫŷκలԼ֣æѳڨڨسʦһЦ
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κలƮ£ת˻⣬εľư̫ˣʦǲģ
˵ƣʦ²Ƕ˵˺ôһͨεȷģпڸˡ
˵űȥƵ׻ƵĴִ룬űôȥ˾
˵ЩѰ˼ҲõĶʦﵹǶ˼ֲһѡ
ϫöһСڣ̵ģҺȥоڳݶһ㣬ϫ̲סЩ
κలæʦľã̰
һԵʦ⻰ζһۡ
ʦϫ˵Ժﻹ˼һճ˾ƣȥﴵ磬ɢɢɱоƾͷβǡ
ϫϲһǱȥʦҵĺԺϫƿСľű㿴һ»СΣӢͷףò¡
ʦһھƣȻκలС仨ˮɣ
κలЦЦû˿ϣֻˮǧֻȡһư
ԣʦЦˣҿǹδػô㣬һҧʮ¾
κల죬ǿ̬ˣȻҲȫЩ͸
ǾñõķֹȻץģȴûʹǷԸⱻġ
˵ǷܰԼԼиԼ
һﾪˣκలඥϵضʦ˵లлʦ㡣
ʦһͷЦлͷφ˺á
κలʦĲįʶʦ֪꣬ʦķ겡ˣԸȢϲһһһ˾ƣʵҲڻ˰ɡ
ϫþɢò֮ʱκలҲˣ˸ʦСǰʦװһ͸ϫá
ϫҲȻˣ˴л
ϫúκలһСʱηȻ׺Ѿվˣڵһˡ
ηȻŽϵʹվߵϫû֪ȴϫúκలһ
ӭĶˣ˵ЦĸߣͯŮ·һԶηȻ׵ֱҧ
ս㻹Ǻġ
ȻǺţϻ¶һػǻˣÿɵˡ˵ֿ˿һԵκలѽκҲڣʱκأ
ϫͣ⻰˵úκలʲôƵģ֪ͣκలȴˡ
ˣϫãʱϲһƣǱȥѰЩһ
ϫÿ治ɫغߣҲϵľƣǰϲȻҪģϵЩʱ䣬þõˣÿɲҪҵ
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һһˣѲǰǸϫˣÿɲ򵥡



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ʱΧͻȻͣˣֻһ毺ãɫȹŮӴһѾ˹
ŮӣȲ˵ģǴ˴ˣҵĵŮܷ

11

ܷҫ۵Цݣ˵лǰ˴εͻ磬ҲؾڣܷһȥԺͻ
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Щž黨ÿػ䣬©ΣΪÿԺĶž黨к졢졢Ӻ졢ѩࡢɫȣɫνï˿˷·ž黨Уۻҡ
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ܷʩһЦλӺãǿͣ͡
ʱκల״Թһ
ʱηȻͻȻˣڿκలʱ۾˼ȣ˶ߴӵġ
״ϫòźʲôÿϵκల
ԭˡ
ɼˣΪҪԼأǰҲǣԼڻ߻˽
˵κలǶԼЩչˣҲֻⱲӰǰκలûжٽġ
ѵԼʲô
ôţηȻҲʩʩȻ˸ǰֵԭﰡúҡ
˵Ҳϫ˵ֶһԵ񣬽ص磬κ硣
κ磿
ϫƤһﰵһ䣬ȤתκలɫȻκలƺʱЦˣɫѿҲġ
ﻹǳκӰɣĪ˶ˡ
ηȻһϵЦݶʱýӲҲ˼ίκӣǸǷȻʧˡ
κలûнĻ
һԵʱЩȥˣųԻ͵ˣ˼˼һأЦ
ܷԲЦЦˬصû£ιˡ
ʱЦЦͬʱ̾Ҫ˵ʵǲῴɫѰǸģû취
˭˿ϵһأ
ʱһãϫﰵЦκలǲһ˿ء
һʱ澹
ʱ׺һȺ˹кں档
׺תּηȻɫڰҼģæеصôˣ
ηȻ۽ǣصû¡
ʱκలÿ߷ʲôΪ߹ʱ񾭽Ϣ
κల߹ȥվϫõߣסߣ𿴣ʲôÿġ
ϫõҲû룬ÿǶ罿أҲա
һԵܷｫһĻĻκӺϫÿȤ
˶óκӷϫأҲֻе˵ϫÿ塣
ǲ뿴壬Ҳδ֪
ܷҡҡͷ԰

12

Ȼͻܳͻ㲻Եˣûʲô⡣
ͻʱ˶˵ĺͲһЩɫСʳƷǲŮӷϯԺĻʫʣǱΧһŶġ
ߣǱĵģ֪˭˵˾䣬̫Ȥ壬Ǳ㿪ʼ˶塣
һʼǰ׺ģʤֹ󣬰׺һˣʤмӸȥˣ֣ʤڳ˶ڿ
λԹǸ
ɲ𣿡
θ⶷ֵͷĪ
ǰǰ

ʱκలһԶƷ裬ȻҲ⻰ġ
ʱЦЦԺѵ㲻ȥԣ֣ѵš
κలԲмغߵȥ¶ǵÿԷ˭
ʱЦЩĲмҲģѵΪ˽ģƽ޹ʵضһ˴е⣬ֻǺλԹʲôʱ
ôʶλԹӣʱʡ
κలĺסʱİ壬ЩӲʶ
ʱСʣ˼ôĵ⣿
ûʲôǵĲϲѡκలص
ʱ⸱ģҲ˵ʲôԺԻġ
ʤˣΧ˶ڴȤûʤλԹӡ
κల֮Աǡ
֮ŮȻҲע⵽ˡ
ܷ￴˿ǱߵΣЦŵϫ˵ţ벻λԹӵǸ˲š
ϫЦЦû˵ĲŻ֪ģʱȴˣӮֹ¡
ߣ˵ķ֮ҲֻòػǫһЦҲֻãûְˣֵõ⡣
Ȼ˿һŵʱκల߻λûв붷尡һ
״ҲһԸ͵ǰǰ
ԴˣʱûоܾӮνһҲ޷
ʱ˹ȥֺ£Թдһ¡
֪ϫõĴ磬Ҳصҵιˣ롣
ʱִ壬ִ壬˰֣̿ϣӰɱѽѷ֣һȥˣֺһӰʤʱ
ιӣˡֵ
ʱҲֵԹӹȻո߳
ʱڳľֻκలһûв붷ˣԱߵ˶˵ȥһ
ǰ֮£κలȥģɼѶˣбһ֮ȥһ
κలɫЩ˹ȥҲ˵ֱˣ˿ûҪѵԸ
Ŷκలɫѿ𷽲ڻ԰￴һĻκలϫǼΪģӣ
ԣλκӻҲͨˡ
άԼеķȵκӣ롣
κలӦӱ㿪ʼ塣
Ҳŭִ壬κలĺš
˵ֿƽƽģ氵صɱķҲֻ˲֪
أЩزסˣλκȻɢȴǲƣ·ˡ
ò˵³ģֱʱֵĸо
κలĺӹʮ㣬زסˣӾȫû
ĩˣκల뿪ˣһ仰Ҳû˵
ܵóжǴŵģʵڲ֪ԵΡ
ĪΪι
Ҳûʲô֮£ΪǶԼ֮
κǣιˣÿμԼ޲öԶԶȥ
һʱ侹ЩãȻ
ͬʱϫߣܷЦŶϫõ벻κոʤһĩ˻˾䣬ϫã˵ǲǣ
ܷιң㲻Ƕ𣿡ϫܷﻰĴȤ
ܷҡͷЦѽ㣬ô˵ء
ϫβ֪κలԼĲ֮ͬеĶػһȻǶģǣǻġ
õСˣ׳鰮ˣҲٱ
еĶӦˣѡװˡ

13

ѮٰԺʼˣҪ˵ԺٰһԺԺ֮˸ߵΪԺԵԺͬ
ԺʱݼߵֻͣĲŻΣȫƾѧԺԺ˲ӣһ·ԣԪڵҲ٣Ժ˱ȱȽǣѧϰģʵѧˡ
ʮԺԵӡ
죬κలθʱ׼һȥμԺѧԡ
ʱʰ˺ųԺӡ
ôпаգʱЦκల
κలɵصİɣ֮ţܿԺ
ʱʱЦˣַǡ
κలԴͬ꣬ԼʱˮƽŵģԺѧѲǡ
ңκలǵûĻǰʱг½˳ԺģֻЩʵǲܺʱˡ
˳θֱԺȥˣ·ϱҲͬҪȥԵĳ½ˡ
ûΣƶֵѽҵθϣٰĴӽˣ߰ɣһȥưٰӽȥ
½ε̾˿ԺҪ⻰ҪŵģͰˣڡ
ʱκలҲЦ֮Ļһ½̫ˣ˭Ҳ벻رǺѡ
ߺߵ½һ档˵ʱκలǰʱκ繻˼
˳һ·˵Цʱ㵽Ժſڡ
ԺſڴʱѾΧˣκలһ۾ͿǱվŵİ׺ˡ
κలǰԼûԺûпˡ
ϴζǸвŻģǲ֪ǰΪû˳ѧˡ
κల룬ЩܹܵģҲܣȥɣֻҪ˺ϫãϾδϫá
ߣŹӶׯϵԺ־һ·ŬٰΪܹԺȥѧϰҲȥһǵԡ
ˣ߿ƾ֮·Ҫͷж֪ģٰһԺͷصĵһ
ĸ׵ȫϣҲϣ뾡ȫΪٰѧĸó˼еĻٰ˸ֻ֮տԺȥʱԺסˣҲЩʱ䡣
Ȼٰʶ˰׺⣬׺Ҳȥסչǲ׵ģҧ˸ʱסεԺѧ졣
˼֮ʣԺĴŴˣ׺ֹ˹ſˡ
˵ͷһȥŶӽԺԡ
Ժ󣬱СͯųǩǩϵĺȥīȻȥӦĵصȴԡ
ԺѧԺ⣬ʵ໹пѧƷƷΡвõģвŻԺҲǲյġ
ʱһʱȼ֮ʱԽֹͯȡȻѧǱˣպԺǡ
պ
ΧԺſڣſԽҶεĿ⣬ţԼѧԣءȻʱκలںߡ
ʱһԺͯ㽫ŴˣȻżˣվſڣ˳ͨѧԵѧ֡
˴Ժѧϰ˼ԺԺԺѧԺѧٰʱٰκలٰ½
ԺϣűԺˡ
ٰٰ׺⣬κ̼񡭡
ϺȻǼһϲҳ˳ѧ˵Ȼǻϲ֮ɫԱû˳Ժı̾ȥ׼Ժ鱸ȥˡ
κలûж⣬֮СҲ˿ԺһǼԺǲζԼΪͬ
һһж˱仯ϫãθԺ
ϫ緹ԺѧԺĵˣôǽճġ
£𣿡ϫûʡ
ҡͷӽȥԺѧȥˣǹôȻʮʮѧģﲻصġ
ϫЦҡҡͷǵĴ磬ǰ˳ѧ˵ģ˴磬ЩѽԺˡ
֪ǣûѧΪǰûͨԣҲûܽԺ顣
ʱ׼ȴδѧʱʧģϫõļˣηȻڻ͵͵ȥοһѷɫһЩԺ顣
ʱϫõ˼ѹԼȥοǿЦʱҪԼСʳĹСġҲһء
ǰ˼أԺѧʧܵԴ񣬽βʧܣʱϫðȫǽ֣ȹǶμѵӣҲΪҪ׷ȥĻ뷨
̾ǰ֡
뵽ǰ£ϫۿ΢죬ǡʱֽˣϫæ˿֡
½ңϲصӻˡ
ϫñϲţشѧԺأʰʰȥ硣
ǣĪż콫ϡһΪһЦŵ
ϫÿ첽ȥ˴ĳԺһԺӱ㻶ϲػ硱֪ȴǻһڡ
ںȲκల̧۱һСһճΣü۴ЦŲ죬˶ʻģһĨսԼ˺
ϫû뵽κలҲڣȴҲЦ΢΢κá
κలŴӷŵʧлָüͣϫúá
ʱԼˣ͸ˣæ
ϣּϫΪߵüЩɫ̺죬ͷϻЩ΢Сĺ飬ֲЩۣôʲôԺֲܵġ
ϫò˼ЦЦ˲ͷϵĺ飬תⲻżżܲҼѽ
ɵѾͷʱεص˾䡣
һŵκలǵһμϫģɵЦ˳
ͳЦϫòžһʱ鼱κలڡ
ǣϫæתƻ˵ȥԺѧԽϲġ
ʱЦˣల½˼ԺȥԺ
֮ԷΪԺȻЩģϫ˵κలҲ˼Ժתصϲκ硣
лϫˡκల΢
˵Ժѧ֮£ʱֵรλԹҲ˼Ժء
⻰һ䣬ϫúȲֱ΢΢һ٣Ƭ̾ͻָ糣ֻͷȲ裬û˵ʲô
κలûע⵽ЩЩȻ
κలκల㺦ˣ㺦粻ǰµĿҲ˲ٽκ˵⣬Լġ
ϫò֪Լһһ뷨ֻãȻһ˺¶ˣһ̣һеĹ켣Ͷˡ

14£в䣩

ѧһѧǱͰŽԺʼ飬ϾԴҲֻвĸµʱˡ
ٰѧһ㶼ѡѧؼסٰѧӱ㶼ѡסԺȥϾԺΧǺõġ
գһκలѧʱһθ
ԴԺκలθĴƵˣԼС˼Ϊܶһϫá
Ժ鷿ڡ
κలʱСƬ̺䣬ӸȡһʲȻƵʱǰȥȻؿſڵ
㡣
ʱƣⶫ߱ģСɾ£һŮҲŻϲĶָԼ
Ƭʱ㶮ˣԴӺѽǵ˼Լ¶ʱɵҲˣκలǲ˼ԼȥͣٽԼֽ֮ͳȥ
֪κల˼ʱֻҲǺԼһ㣬ϫأˡ
ʱ̲סȤѣôּٽҵ͸ϫ
κలһ۴ȤԼĺѣŵǣ֪ˣֺαڣæðҡ
ʱЦˣȻˣΪβأҲý֪֪⡣
κలγԼȥͣҲԼֵ̫żˣȴϾйǰ֮ʹ
˺С㲻ټˣͼ֮
Щֲͬ˵ֻôŵô죬ֻ;ˡ
ʱҲ֪ѵӣϲûյ£Ҫʮþȣ˵ġ
ҲĳЩģǰἰҪˣѾʼ࿴˼ˡ
ǣѺѵҿɸ㰡ϫɾͼˣ˼ǣҪʼĵΪ࿴˼ҵˣɡץɡ
κలҲüǰС㼰ˣǵץЩˣֻǲ֪Ըһ
ұ֤ϫ֪󣬻᲻Ὣ˸Ƶˡ
κలԣһߣʱ˽ȥԺ˵ǴѧʱⶫȤ͸ýƵġ
ʱѾ͵ϫõ
ϫÿµСϲýǴ͵ģϫøǻϲˣԼˡ
¼ϲǴ͵ģЦǴ۹ÿÿǲЩȤС
ϫҲϲüң˿ױ̨ŵССȤúܣˡ
ȥƬµ£ȥСҽոõŴ׼ϣȥԺ
ЦŸǣ
ϫô˳ԺɴʱԺϫؿڣ硣
ʱԼˣ֪յǶʣôɻϲ
ϫЦýΣȻ͵Ҷϲ
ϲͺá
ʱţκల˻ǻѡÿÿĶôϫ⡣
ϫԼ⣬ʱӣ½ʳд򿪣磬ҽѧŴ׼ζ͸㳢
ʱŵζˮˣζȻе¼һŴ׼ȻʳŴ
ţóԣó˵ãпڸˣ
ʱʵںǴĶѧģ⸮ϵĳﶼʵѧĳգǽ˾ϲ
ϫ˵ЩǰȥԼңҪרĶ飬׼һδȣΪ˸ӣÿ컻ŻģЩ
ЩȻǲ˵ģǱ㻻һ˵ǰһЩϿȤԣû뵽ζ
ʱҲ룬˵ģȻŵģỳ١
ÿգκలѰЩʱȥϫá
գϫÿеӣЩɻ󣬴ƽﶼЩģôˣ
УÿѧôæȵʱҲԽԽˣϫò̴ÿѧҪ˼ԼǱȥҴ˵˵ҪٸԼˣרĶ鸰ǡ
ϫûд£Լһ˳ԺǰûڣŴӦ鷿ǳ鷿ȥˡ
ϫ鷿ſڣ׼ţĶԻ
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㰡㣬Ͳܴһ𣿡
˭һϫЩɻ
Ƭ̣һ˿ˡ
ʱ㲻
ȻκలκలΪѳȥ
ʱǿԼѣ̾࣬ӵģһֱ֪һֱȥ
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ѵÿĶκలģȻټٽ֮͸Լ
ϫֻǰǰҲյö͵Ķû֮˻ˡ
ǰԼÿλϲسȥؼżڸκలʱ䵭Щʱ˵ЩĻܽԼСƫġ
ʱϫﶮأֻκలĪǸˡ
£ϫȫˣȫˡ
κలΪԼΧԼȥѰһƣֻΪκలǶԼЩ˼ģԼҲһأԼԼҪ롣
һֱҳʵˣҪǣʹ֪⣬˺ۣ֪ҪλӦװ֪
ڣ֪ˣô죿
ʱκలڻشĻ֪һٳЩģҲ֣Ҫ֪ҵǡ
ϫò˸߰һ˾ȻСˣֻΪԼ
ôأ
ϫûоǰ֮࣬ǰǸϫã֪κలĴĶġڵϫãǰǸˣ֪λӦݸ顣
ʱκలκλӦҪʱԼ侲侲ϫתԼԺӡ
صԺϫãȴ뵽һ¡
ǾǰǰǸˡϤģʹġߡԼģпκలΪԼ˵ġ
һ룬ǸǸǸˣκల
εºܣһ˴أҲ֪ǰκలζȹһġ
ڣϫ֪ˣ޷װӶˣκల̫ˣԼ䲻κలá
ϫÿױ̨Ϸŵӣͨ͸ɫܺã£ϲķ
ȴˡ
ϫý¼ڶûŹ᲻ôûС˹ﻹûױ̨Ҳûӡ
ǣ̲סʣ͵أū澿ϲ
ϫЦЦûʲôֻŰɡ
κల˸ϼΣϫãûӣЩȥʱԺ̴ӡ
˵ЩǼҹﶼûԺ
̴ӵͷǣκӡ
κలòԣʣǼҹһԺʲôʱ򣿡
̴ӵͷ룬ֵǹǹ鷿̸죬ˣֻ˵ԼȥŹһˡ
죿ѵ죿
̴ôһ˵Ȼǵ鷿ſڵģôʱ˵Щ
ֲãֲû֧ӣֲҲûڳԺżƼҲֻԶ
ڶԼء
κలЦȥɣЩĪҪ˵𡣡
̴ֻǣκӡ
κలѹһʯͷһܣ֪Լ⣬ǶôԼ
˵ʵǹ

15

ʱһν£ձ³һθһҪһԷӡ
ϣθͷףʱϫ÷ԣȻηȻξ飬ĩλ
Ų˷δڷұ㻰ҳ
ηȻϫõֱߣӯӯһЦصЩӶöδһ˵˵ˡ
ϫЦЦûʲôˣҲɢ
䣬θҲһԵķϵԣˣЩתȺͱܲȡ
ҲЦˣţõġ
θĹ˭״ϫúʱöĬһЦ
ڸĸ׶£ϫȻּɵģܸˡ
ƺͲ̫ˣϫÿ׵İ͵͵ηȻһۣηȻҲȻûϵЩЩίؿ˿ȴûпǿ˼׵ĸףȴûпۡ
ηȻһԵξͱȽϰˣϯ伸û˵ϫôһˡ
ϫÿξʵηȻöˡ
һ˷˽ʰȥθſڵ³κٳκѾˡ
˵ֿ˿ףƳһ۰ǱߣֵȻ;Ҳ׼һ£ʱֳһȥ
θûἰҲǣ˼ͨǴ޳ϯģһȥ
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ϵǽһжģܣҲԸͣηȻξ飬ΪҲθ˼ŮҲǸôȥģܺ˱ȥ
Щ϶û飬ֻҪԽϫȥͳɡ
ηȻ˸׵ĻʱϲȻȥκˣǲζֶһμĻᣬæЦŵͷǣףŮ֪ˡ
ξֵƽ·ǻطԷѣصǣס
θ״˵ͷֿ˿ϫãϫҲǣ׼¡
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˵ϫãθֶʱʱҲǣలС浽Ƕͬκǲ㵱׼һκġ
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ϫûԼԺǰκٳٳûȥģηȻȥˡ
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ǡηȻ˵£ηȻԼ뷨ηȻ˸⣬ǾǼװƲڼңȻæŵ磬Ͳȥκˣһ˳ȥ
ʱϫþһվߵģΪǣҲûʹӦˣǱҲηȻȥ˵ġ
ϫò֪ηȻͬ˵ģٳյǴηȻξȥ˵ģٳʱﻹЪϢĪҪȥ˷硣
ϫ˵κٳϣ֮ͤʱηȻһ䡰ܣСõκԼ͵μľ߲飬Ǹͻݵģ˭ҹȢ˲Ǹиء
Ϊ⻰κలĸ϶ηȻĿ࿴мӣ˵⽫࿴ԼҶء
ǰϫ֪ηȻǰͲԼȥźأûսڳ˭ķͷ
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ϫתһ룬Լôһ˼ֻôܸηȻеò߻Ļأ
ԵɣվԼɵˣԹñˡ
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κలǾһһˣȥװ֪ɣýʱΡ
ôûõģʲôκźãȻ֮䣬ϫһ֣ˣ֪ʲôˡ
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ʱܿ͵³壬վκٳˣ⼸ϫöԼԺҹˣҲǸٳ֮ǰɡ
ϫ½Ȼ֫塣
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ϫЦЦû˵ʲôݺ㲻ʲôٰбվտ˶ȥˣҪĻɡ
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¶ǹǺÿūǸŮӿ˶ϲء
ϫôЦװֵƶ죬СѾͷ
ʰ׵ϫñ´ú񣬾ֱȥſڣ֮һκȥˡ
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κԺ
ʱκలԺͺ죬½˸ϣֻʣʱûˡ
Źӵʱôû
½еĲ裬ƽصΪ˭һֿտվˣʱ׼ȥˡ
ʲôֿտվˣҲǸ𣿡ûεЦŵ
ʵǴһ˵Цˣ˶ٰͷ˼ңĻ᲻ˡ
κలЦʱ˵Ѿˣغܿ͵ˡ
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ϫúܷܱ߹˹䣬ʱˣǰԺ

16

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ԴúܣȻ벻ͨҲñԼԱ㲻ôˡ

17

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ҲԼлŶԹκలһ

18

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ǰϫۿЩᣬĸ׵ģɬ˻ȥŮ𣿡
ȻðŮչҪ˵ģһӣˣϫҲҪˣû˰
ϫЩ죬˵ЩҲ̫ˡ
Цˣϫ֮ˣĩֵĺѣκҵκӾͲΪƷǶ֪֪׵ģϫΣ
ϫû뵽Լ˾ȻκలҲ̫ЩηȻϲܷǣҲôϲأ
ŮŮ֪
ϫʵ˵һΥ֮ԣ׿һУκలֵúܶĶҲ⡣
ʱû׼ý⡣
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һƿȴǡÿһĻеĽһιûйȱεõǣƵж㣬һʱæңżòС
ʱһλ˹ƵżŻƣһ߼һ߰οš
ԽԽϫÿǸӣ
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ǰమҲԼҲĴԼģҲףǰСҲΣûԼҸûչ˺Լδܳĺӡ
Щβ֪
ֻʵվ̫ڲ̣;ò뿪صԼ;ȥ
Ҳǵ˵Ǿ䣬һԼ˲ҪǷݸˡ
ϫŽմʦԼ˵Ļк壬ִ̫ǰĶԹˣԲűǰľɱ˫ۣǰУԼ
ǸӣһǰӣϫЦˡ
ǰⱲӵûʲôԲסԼģֻԼһֱŲ¹ȥˣ˵ҪԹԹԼɵԹĸģԹƭԼ𣿿ǰҲûԼȥΪ;֮·һʯӡ
֮䣬Ե޷ְˡ
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ŮĽǣҲЦŴȤųŶðˣ˰ˣǻظɡ
θ֮ȥ
ͬʱϣŽƹҺú󣬻ͷ俴һǽ֮ʣ񿴵ǸŮӣʱֿﻹʲô
ǸǳЦŮӣž޲ʮͻȻ䱻ͶһСʯӣþòƽ

19

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Ҽҵͻϣκӽģֲɵӣһ۱ܿˣҿһУԻԼء
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ţֿܷ˿һԵϫãԼϫõɩӣǾ̫ˡ
ʱԺ֪ԼѾ˵˵ʱͻȻ˸磬Сֹ˾䣬Ī߶ҡ

20

һξͿҪСˣٰҲŴڶ鱸ϫñΪЩʲô
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ϫԵͷ˳ջ䣬һĻĻˣһжˡ
Ϊ֮κలǰһˣΪһδΪԼΧΪηѾ˼ԼȥѰϲһƣΪ͵͵ϲĶû֣ǲҲѡ˵
ǰҲĬĬԼֻԼʱֻõһˣôõѹǰκలǱŷ˵ԼǸСƫġ
վˡ
κలϫõͷĬĬᣬæصޣҲ˵ˣ˵ˣޡ
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ϫõһҪһ˵ͷһ£ʲô룬£ҲԼЩ
˵ͷá

21

գʱԼģĲʸȻڣüģĴƣûκలӰ
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ͷЩΣԺ壬ȥԺ飬ҪȻ⾫ͷȥԺǲеġ
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á
˵һӣҲԸһ߹·δΡ

22

Ϧ£ϫúκలֱϫôԼʵ˸
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κలЦЦ㡣պǾ֪ˡ
Ǻô֪ӵĹڴӦԼˣɲڣҪϫõģٰ֪κలõİĹ
Ժ
ʱκలλǲŵģʱϢʱ֣ʱĺãһƪﶼԿЦǴ˹ȥɶ˰ˣʲôöˣЦ˿ġ
ĩ˾䣬Ծ϶ңǰջҪҪҺȾƣ⼸ôˡ
κల飬΢Ц⣬ҲûʱϫԸһᡣ
棿
ʱ׻ǿס
κల̹ȻصͷȻ档
ʱˣԭ˸˵ԭҲѹˣЦݲضزסСʱκలֻһжԼú߽ˡ
һ˲ʱͻȻЩζΪѣȻΪܵóԸġ
Ϊ磬᲻ԼãԼֶµԺǱ˼ҵϱʱʱͻȻǱ˴̳һκలĻֺһЩˡ
ʱ̾ôˣǰǸΧԼճԼСѾˣЩʧء
̶һ洺ĺѣĵСˡ
ʱ̲סҪúôá
κలͷȵصʱ㵱ҡ˵ֿ˴⣬Ҷ㾡ȫһƽȫ
ʱκల˵ŻԶҲԼԼһЩ
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ԣκలĽģòѣѧҲ÷޲ڵģʱͬѣ½棬ιҲʶꡣ
֮£Լࡣ
ʱ߿ȥǡܿκలκలóһ֧ʣװŵĽ㣬Ǳúܡ
ٿ֧ʣĪϤ˿ͫ΢һ˲ʲôˡ
Ǳʣڽιߵ֧ǰֻι￴һ֧ԭһ֧κ
ٿκ⼸յ緢ʹ⣬뵽Ļ㶮ˡ
ԭϲκӡ
룬ĵҲֻӲĺùɡ
һʱ䣬Ľ꣬
κͷЦЦͻЭ
ණվûǸԵ֡
ԶĸףԼĿǰĴȼ˶־ĸ׻ڵ½ҫ鹣ԼôлЩĿǰԼĶ
Ҫúö飬ȡùʵԼıҲǹĸ׵ϣ
ĺùͽɣԼΨһģף
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죬κలѧȥθϫţԺ壬ÿϫóȥߣûȥġ
ʵҲϫãٹЩӱûʲôʱϢˣȽ˵ǰͷԪһҲܵģ뿿ԼŬһùղиõ
ϫ⼸նյκలţ˵Ĭúܣκలһһдء
ʱκలԺȤ¶ʱһʫʣ޲͸¶ССۡ
֮ʣϫּһŽˣһ֪κలš
ЦŽŵݸϫãκӵš
ϫýŽ˹ЦϸӨ׵ָŲ˿ſϫЦˡ
ЩѾϰԼҹڿκź֣¿Źʱ¶ЦݣҲɵúκдʲôй˿ġ
κ˵ʲôǹ˸ˣ
ϫõüЦݣ촽Ժ壬ҳȥ档
ʵϫﲻ֪ûԼԴȵҲԶˣҲǴǰһ㵥Լȥˡ
ôķ⣬οԼҲ
ԼҹκӸã￪ˣū澵ȻҲģȻϣҸġ
ǵǹҪȥ
ϫ˼£ϵص˵ͷȥ
Լʱգϫͬĸ׸֪һųš
Ϊ˲˵лϫóȻǴȥģκలҲĬشһӡ
ٰǽСʱºӺûиŹȥֻδСľˣ㲻λȥˡ
ϫúκల״һЦֽųСȥ
ûϫҪȥĵطһƵʦҡ
κలȥĵطʱϫȱ뵽ʦҵһơ
ʦҵ״룬״ƣʦԺЩԴӡ
ϬκలҲȻǰз֮ʱһ˹ʦ̸ģٺһƣ뿪ʱෳҲȥ
κలԼеĹϲãԺ󶼲Լһ˹ˣţһˡ
ʦҲǻܸ˵İɡ
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̤ɫʯ·ʦſڣκల˿ţƬ̺㴫˽ŲɢĽŲϫЦЦʦˡ
ʦźκలƵ۾гһЦ̶ֿվŵϫãЩ⣬ϵЦǸЩЦɡ
κలϫöһЦȻʦȻûϵǻһκల˳ֽŴϸʦԺӡ
ԺºʦϣǶϴ˴תҡƵһͷҵһƵģ
ϫЦЦżֽεʦľ棬̽Ҳ档
ʦ۾һȻǸѾͷ⻰˵ĺֳϿң˲ϲѡ
һѾлˣǺԺµǻż̳һƣӣںҲǴ㡣
κలʦЪЪȥǡ
ϫü״Цŵͷţʦ˴ͨһЦЦǱ㲻ǶȥǾˣֻ۾μ£źȾƱˡ
κలϫ˺Ժʽ￴˳ͷ£κలһ£ʼ
κలڣϫжֵĻᣬǱóһΪκలŶͷϵĺ顣
һԺˣ԰ھú¾ãƽҸ˲ȥ⻭档
ʱھƵ˸û뵽ԭǰµʦʱȴվСűȿǡ
ʦ״Цҡҡͷתˣκలϫõ⣬һδϫ־Ƴ㿴ˡ
ֻǽʱͬգŷŵĻ棬ʦοһЦСǵóԸඣҲԼǺЩһơ
ֵá
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˱ž̳ϵɾϫȥȡֻ״ʹ׹ҨһƣŶžȥԺ
ϫýƷϣκలЦŶʦʦȾơ
ʦ۾Ŷ˴ȤķҲǸ־ƺȵĿˣǶ˲дҵ˼ҡ
ϫžƣͻȻʦȤǵĻЩ̡
̲ס̧˿κలȴҲڿԼղϫæͷȾƣȴǺһƬ
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˾ƣϫȥϴףκలʦ˼˲ʦ뿪
صСߣϫ˾ɫ糺죬·ЩҡΣκలӱ˿ȥֱӽ˱
κలֽȥθԼϫóκȥ
Ψµģκలֵصǣҹչţȵθſڣҹȥ
Ȼκలģæǣӡ
κలԼܹɵЩ
ϫͷЩεģκలҲ֪ģʱЩˣκలְģЩˡ
ڴ֮ǰ֪ԼκలʱȻİɿǷһ𲻾ãϫȴ˶һ
ɣģ
ϫ§סκల
κలƲԼϵĸ첲һ˵ı֣عһЦ
صԺϫϣӨ׵ָصԼĴ˰Ǹ޵ǣѵˮһ֡
ȴĵȥ
ϫô۵ЦΡ
κలˡ

23

ʮ壬μҵĹأֵ˸һһԷˡ
ϯ䰲û˳ϫȴǷηȻĴ֪ƵƵԼʲô
극ֶ˲ˮﰲֻõյ
һ̣ηȻȴϫãӯӯһЦҪҳһɫãÿĽ
ϫ΢ɲüЦŻɫҲͷϵ黨á
ϣҶԼͬؿηȻͷϣȻ黨Ǻÿθ̲ס˾䣬黨Ҳ¡
ηȻһʱЩĻǵ㣬ʱòֻҪܳϫõġ
ηȻĻϲ׵İҲˣԼٲܵõүŮܾˡ
龰ξĬĬҡҡͷ׵Σ黨ˣ룬Ǹ֪黨Ҳ˵ˡ
ηȻõͷϵ黨Цˣ˿ϫãûʲôӦƵģηȻ۲΢תͻȻ뵽һ£װؿˡ
ǰգԵЩˣǱȥ԰ߣſʱԼ˽Ҳ֪ǲۻˡ
ϫúȲһ٣ָܿȻˣηȻ˵ӦþκలԼգô˵ηȻȻҲκలˣϫЦЦԭôһȦء
²յϫЦӲ˲ǣصûմ³ȥ˵
ηȻȻţҲ£ϫɫ󣬿ӷˣ·ģУҲǸˡ
ü㲽ЩȣĪʲô£
ϫú¶ӣ¶˽֮ɫϫʾصģƽصûʲôʱЩЩŤ˽š
ʱһֱδ˵⻰üе˵¸ѣαôżҪŤ˽ſܵġ
ηȻüг˳ֵúſڿκҵκҲء
⻰һɫסˣΨϫɫ䣬ȻغŲ衣
ηȻ״һϲֽ˵ŵκͽƵء
ηȻ⻰˵ĺ֪˻ΪͬκలѾʲôƵģڱѿţŮҵ̸ۼ޼ͶϣҪɶԷףͷССҲθκ˼ңǱȥ˵лͲˣŮҵҲǲõġ
ɫƬ̵ѿ˰뱲ӣǵĸλסֻ
ϫ³ȥ֮ǰ֪ҵģκӣʱǶͬѣθҲǾģ·ǡϫҲ޷ŻǸеĺӡ
ʱſڵĸ˵ǣలҴСʶˣΪ˶β֪
׵θҲ˵ͷκలֶãҲ⽫ϫ֮ǰ⣬ÿڰˡ
ϫ֪ĸ׺ʹΪԼ˵ʹĸײڣԼҲҪ˵ģκలͶϣҲֻ֪ǣ˿ࡣ
⻰˵˼ڸκ磬ɫ˳·һظǺ⣬һ˵Ҳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ηȻžһĶϫãϫǲ֪㣬˽û뵽Ȼͱ⼸仰ƮƮش˹ȥˡ
ġ
һ־硱ʹĻǰϫôǰ棬ηȻ첽׷

ϫתصôÿǻʲôҪ˵
ηȻһ£ָֻǸЦģ˵Цˣ÷ʧˣǡ˵泯ϫһ
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ͷϵ黨ƯЩ죬มˣҼǵ黨ʱǱ׹ȥġ
ηȻ˺ɫ˶סˣϫô֪黨ǰ׺ģ
ûиκἰǱ֪ˣȻǻģκలϫûظ£Ÿ˽ܡ
ϫüηȻģЦЦתˡ
Ժ·ϣºص֪黨˭͵ģ
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ɶĸ׺ʹ磬ȴֻδᣬǰԹ˲ϾûзֲԾĵطȴɵء
ϫЩɻκల룬Ҳֻĩһ䡣
κలŵûж룬ֻǻһҳֽ
ϫˣȵһʱŽŲ
κల˵ǰ뿪ٰ󣬵һʼ˵˲ˣȴ֪ȥ˺δΪ˸ĸȻǵĵġ
ֻǸʱκలһ˽Ԫĸ˵Լ˼ĸױףʱκలκҲ֪Ѿȥ
κల˵ĸױ֪ʵģʵѾ˴ŵĲ²⣬ֻû뵽ηȻκսµ˵浱˵˳
⻰һǸĸΪҲûа취ˣθŭǡκڳȥϫ׵ģθŭñ棬ĸϵ˹ȥ󲡲
ʱ֪ڴأҪȥʱθͷϣ׼ȥЩӱԼġ
ʱΥ׵˼ڷ˼ҷȥãȼҷͽʱ䵽֮ʱȴѾܽˣԺǵԣʱûʱȥѰ
ٺ֮ص˵صϢˡ
κలҲηȻǰǼֽţ˵κգηȻϫ˽ܣõʱΪڻ˵ϫһвԼȰִҪ˽
θϰϫõֻƣеŮϫǺһλŮʦѧȥˡ
ϫÿλں޲ѣκలֻ˵ĸһ𣬴类ҷиףжԼȻʧʹĵİɡ
ĸһжȻǹԼûй̺ܽŮԵġп¸Ǽ尾ȥԼȴֱˣ;һһؼѣлҪδԼȥܹİ
ʱأֻĸĻģŬѧϰһ͵µӣ˿û뵽ǡ
ҲηȻĻ˿δἰŭĸ׾òʹ类˼ҷ֮£ΪһаãҲ;˳ؼȥǵԭ¡
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ϫؿڣ˳ջ䣬վˣԲʹ硣
κలͨƪ˵ĵˣôκలԼأ
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ߣκల˽ͳȥҲܵģڸЩҲֻ֪ϫøѹˡ
ԣ˿δԼϫζãҪģһһⲻκζİ
ûиϫãǰʱùãҲ˸Ϣ֪ϫ
ң̲סһȥԼſڣʼûȥţվԺԶԶؿʱѾС
κలһ˷ֵͷֻϣҸ
ֻڽԼҵ¶ǡɱڵˣǸˣǲ̽׵ģκలͷҡҡͷ
;棬ı㽫ȥ˼˷˸ԣ극̽˾䣬ǲ̽Լӵף
ԼӣκలνʱлȻʧǰѾԼҵˣθϫˡ
˵ϫõ֣ϫǰ븸ìܣɼлǼǹģǲġ
ȻҲˣκలǸֳҲϫöܸء
κలְպӦϫã˵ַպϫ˱ŸκలǰΪ˴лԼϴŵ
κలһ׼µĻԣҪ׼ϾĶһȥһ·ӽʿʿڹ֮ʱȴС˵Ϣ
ǸʱҪȥ֪ʲôȥȥ˸˵ڼһЩ̲ĶȥΪܡ
֮ԶھǵյȥϢ˵ˣǰȥˡ
ǰϫãûԵ֣촹š
һκలȴҲͨˣ촹
Ϊ˶ʤ죬Ĺ׷֡

24

һԼ
䣬и¡صĽգǱ³ߵɽڣֳϦڡ
ഫÿϦҹ֯Ůţȵ֮ʱ
ϫСʱ˵֯ŮɣŮϻ£ʱϹݼŮܸǴϻ۵ɵ˫֡
Ϧ֮ӣԣŮӻϦǿԼĻҸ
ϫ룬Ůǧ˹˶ҪԵŮ˼ùء
ԵҲԼȥľӪŻҸģϫš
˵ٰǽϵķ֮أԴԶĽգ൱ӵġ
һϦգ֮ʱҼһͭȥ¶ˮűһԡ㣬իգΪ߽׼
Ϧ죬ϫҲЩСͭȥ¶ˮȥˣϫûѺż¶ˡ
¼ѾѱЦŸūȥˮϴϴĨ¶ˮ
ϫˮϴһøɾӽϵˮ˲Ȼָմͭ¶ˮͿĨ۾ΧͿĨһЩͣ
Цŵ˵Ϧʱ¶ˮţ֯ŮʱᣬĨ˫ּϣʹء
ϫЦЦɵѾͷֻǴ˵ѣҲĨĨ¶ˮԣ
˵ϫñ£֪ĹԵǳڴġ
ϫָմ¶ˮΪͿĨܣһЩµ˫ϣЦͿϦˮҲֿ죬Ůľ˲ǡ
ǼȸжЦִȤҡ
¶ˮͻȻеѽūˣǻҪԡأţūȥ׼
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ϫûԺի˰ղŹȥǰԺĸף׼ϰ߽Ķ
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ϱ߰ű߶Ů׼òˣϰŮ󣬱һɹʱٶ¶ŮԸ
ϫüĸ˲ͣﲻ̣æһյĸЪɣȿڲ
ϼŮ˼ϸ壬οѣҲ˰յŽŵҹɣΪҪΪҵϫŮһݺԵǡ
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ЦЦָ̧˸Ůεգϫֵõӡ
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ʱֲκలԼԼԣõˡ
ϼŮ̬ɵûһЦĸŮģŮ˼ֵܿġ
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Źڼа߽󣬹ŮǱԳȥһģҲΪĹŮǿԹȥӡ
ҲϦ֮ڵͷЩõԵҹٳɵġ
θȻҲ⣬ŮϴϼŮǣֽЩӸųţŮֹУҲϸóȥ߼ġ
ٰϣַǷֵ߽ԹŲɫĵ¹ˮٰʵ֮С
һ˹һκҲýǾԼЩȤˣǱӸÿλԼȥȥˡ
ȻҲʱ䣬һʱҪȻһͬҡ
ϫñĸ׹ģĸ˵Ҳȥ䣬Ӻ͹ùãÿЩ
ϫֻøĸףȥطˡ
ϵɽڵϢɽҪ˵˰߽Ը⣬ҲǻЩȤĻģŻͶɡ
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ȵҹǼ˫ǣ飬Ȼŷٻ˫߹ţϲˡ
ڶɣáɡϲӦɡֵķж׾ġɡŮľӶ࣬ҲΪŮ˲Ȥ
ϫú±߱˵Ż˸ǽãûһ͵ɣƵģһָһϲǸ
㿴ţ֯Ůľú°һ
ϫ̲סЦˣɵѾͷô֪˭ļţ֯Ů
Ҳúô˼ǲ˼ͷūǰ˵ҲЩôһ˵Ҳмֵū밡ΪŮ񻰴˵ǱĬΪǿģȻˣİ顣
ϫõ˵ͷ⻰ǼΪͬСѾͷһ͸ϫϲˡ
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κలϫȥСЩȵӣļ΢ü۽ǶЦ⡣
Ĺʱﶼȥء
κలߵϫߣºػλ˲С
ôҺܾȣ
κలǵʵﻹЩͳЦ⡣
ϫüЦЦţЩ֪ǻ
һ·˹ġ˵⻰ʱΪɣȴӺ档
ϫ̧ۿκలκలҲ˶û˵ϫüЦκలˣʲôҲû˵
ȴǴʱʤ
˹һ·ȻѡһµĲһߺȲһߵſǣţ֯Ůǣá
κల˵ԺȤ¶ϫһСԲţ˾ͻȻһʫӦ
仭Сөҹɫˮǣţ֯Ůǡ
κలϫƷ迴ǣڲݵһߣҲһĻ
бŵǶˣ䣬ɲŮòνɷˡ
ȻҲɷҲģһ˿˿ĻᣬҲˣԳЦЦվûǸԵ֡
ֻԸá
ţָմ˲ˮдһ仰󾲾ȥ·Ӳ
Ըˣ㻶ϲǡ

25

Ѯʼʡ࿼ԵĿٱҪ½ˡ
پɻʵɣֹΪѡš
һ㿼ٶڰ³յطԺǣȾ磬ٶҪ磬ϣٽ֮Թٷţٲ
µٰصѧӶԺˣصбٰѧҲԺһֱסţֱԡ
ԷΪÿգÿѧǰһ뿼һΪ³ſ˾Ҫˡ
³ߣۿԾҪˣϫÿʼΪ׼ʳһЩôŵĸֲ̫ɲʣûñȣҲ㲻ò
ϫýõĸãȥϫò̫ģ˹ȥ˴ŷġ
Ŵڿ飬ԼҲţŴ˵˼仰ʹ»ˡ
Ժӵ·ϣ¿ڵκҲս׼ʲô𣿡
ϫЩݵʧҲǿûмˣܾЩʲô
ǸΪ׼㶫ģϫûصԺӣ½µĸҲһݣȥ԰һ
¼ҹ֦δĹ֦ʱ㶮ˣ۹еǿƵ˼أϣκܲøΣǿƼڡ
Ԣ⼫á
ϫݸһЦǹ֦͸صϣԼõҲԽԽõġ
˵գϫֽһ֦֦ݸ£溬Ц֦ȥ
ǣūȥ
ϫõͷţȥɡ
κలյϫĶϲۣԸģǹ֦Ҳȥ۵ġ
κల˻ƿˮֽǹ֦ãЦ
⣬⣬ҲܶԭͨǼõ顣
³գθŴҪԣϫñ׼ˣһ͵һʹȥԺ
ԺڳǶϣθȥðʱҪĿԣȻǸ粻ˡ
θԺſʱκҲˣϫøĸվڴ͵ߡ
κలЦ˹λ˸񣬶κ˺κҲˣ˻úŶʱκల
ϣ׼ˣκలϫã۾ϣǲضزסġ
κϺϼΣһЦŮȥɣͬ˵仰
ϫ˹ȥüʱԵҲ˵ʲôҲѶˣ羡ǣҺ͵ڼҵŴ硣
һߵκల΢Цüأ㲻˵Щʲô𣿡
ʱ״̲סЦˣϫñһЦŪõЩ˼ˣ¶һ˿˿ӵȻҲһ
κలһЦãϫԡ
˵գκలʱҪȥŶӵȺ빱Ժˡ
ԱϾѧΪ볯Ϊٵĵһ˰ؼ࿼ϸΪ˷ֹд볡ǰþ飬û˷Ժ
볡Ե˲ǶͬѧӣкܶԱ͢涨ʡԱͼƿƺϸߣӦԣɴ˵ͺǷѹˡ
κలʱ˹Ժȥˡŷ˵ĺûһʹ˷ֿˡ
κలԼĺʱԱǡһҲ˹κల΢΢£ָָԼڵĺ
Цŵ˵ͷš
˴кԵĺˣκలٺһк߳ᣬĴʵ⹱ԺҲǵһˣǰļ£һϤ˲١
뵽ǰκలת˿ڵʱü⣬׿ǰ£κల˵ģ˹ȥ
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û뵽κలѯЩȣҲûȥƽЩǱҵıʵˣǷŽʱѲƷʰʱСˡ
κలҲ񣬿ԳϱǺεҪĶһѧΪдӦЩ㶼ѡһ֧ƽΪֵıʴġ
Ϊѵӣֻһ֧ڱʶˣŻΪѡ
κలû˵תţԼĺᣬƬ̣κలˣﻹһ֧ʡ
κలʷڰϣƽõģ㲻Űɡ
һʱ֪ƷҲ֪κల˵ĻĵģҲҪһʼխЩʱǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ȻκలܽʽԼҲŶıʣûƴǣЦŽˡ
ãⳡұȥʣȻ󽫱ʻ㡣
κల԰ڰֵżŰɣǳ㵱Ϣ˱õû֣Űɡ
ҲȻǰ˹ԺмԶر߱Ȼ˷ʱ䣬Լ˼Ƿˡ
κల˸񣬡л
κలЦЦҲͬ˿
˵ҲٶתȥԼĺᡣ
κల٣ΪƽԭϫѧŷµͬʱԼҲڷ¡
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³Եһһ㿼ѧǡӹ֮о֮ѧǻȴҲĿѧĶ
ʮΪڶѧ徭ʮʱǿѧѧ̸ۣ۹¼⣬ǿƾΪѡ˲ŵĿġ
Դˣκల࣬Ҳ˵ԼѾһˣǰ;ҲӣԲҵģԴš
ʮߣԴȽϫøŵӴ磬ԺſѾڵˣ󣬹ԺŴˡ
ϫÿŴЩƣ̬ɫãκలˣǷˡθѾʱǡκκలҲˣϫκల˵˼仰͸Ի˸
κలصʱſڵͷпɣκĸŵĲǷˡ
Щˡκĸ۵ص
κలЦŰοĸףĸҪģӾЩƣˣϴЪϢ±ͺˡ
κԼҷģҲο³ƿÿ߿ƾ֮·˶Ҫģǿƿ֮඼ܣպΪΪ֮·Ϊ࣬Ӵˣ÷ſĲǡ
ǰĸף˵Ķԣĺ
Ҳ͸ҲýȥӺͷĻӶ㿪ﻹǷ˲١
ּӵƣˣȥϴٹѾ㰮ԵĲˣȥɡ
κలЦˣԼԺӡ
ԺڣκలһԼӱͿ˻ƿŵ֦𻨣ǵʱ֦𻨲ŽЩȴѾˣǵĹ𻨣ΪЩĹ㡣
κల鼫ãŵĹ㣬úõԡһһɾѣ˶ɿ˲٣κల¹𻨣һ˵񣬿ġ
ϴʰ׵κలȥǰ÷һǰĸЦŶԸ˵ǲ
ʲôղκలЦʡ
ϼˣϵЦˣʾϵĶϫѾͷĹ𻨸˵ǸҳʣҺųһ£ζ治
˵գԼҶεЦ⣬ֵޥģ壬ﰡϲý
ĸ׿޵ǣǺܺõġ
κలЦ˵ϺκΪֿ
һ˵űҲʼ÷ϼԼҶΪϲǵ𻨸⣬ͷһۺ溬Ц⻺ˡ
లȻϲѾͷĪϸȥ˵ϫѾͷҲǴСʶˣȫҲܺá
κలĸ˵ﻶϲĸϲģҲ֪ǹԼģȴʱ
ǵڻʱٹЩӣȽҰ󣬻Ҫ͸ĸȥθһ˵ġ
Цŵͷãããʱһ˶ȥ
ʵϫòֹ˹𻨸⣬˹𻨾ԺŷŰ֮գɽƸȡʱƻġ

26

һŰʱҲԽԽˣͰ׺˶źȲ졣
׺֣ǹִúܣԽŰǺЩӵģ㵽ҼȥסҲܾˣҪԼ
ºһЦֲסգȥﳤסܹЩ׵ģ޷ҲҪŰˣ㲻صҵĳס
׺̾˿˰󣬲ȴҲѵõһཻˣ֪ܾԼҲԼĿģҲ߶˼˶ѡ
˵Ű񣬰׺ˣ˵Ű㸹вŻζȻܹоٵġ
²յָ׺⵹˲裬صϣǰɣһжҪȷŰ˲֪
ȻϾǰ˵˵ˣ˲żüã¸һȻϣһٸУҲûȥҫ鹣ĸο塣
ĸףŷԼٰ׼ԺԴȽҪˣڼҲֻĸͨţĸײ׼ԼдŻȥԼרĶ鱸Ҳ֪ĸˡ
Ű֮գ١
ԺϫѡѣΪױ磬Ҫһȥ
˷ϫñһţǰȥԺ񵥡
ԺǰѾΧſһȦһȦϫúʹһЦʱ˵޷ñȿɣǵȵȡ
ϫõ˵ͷø˵껰߱κలӭȱ㿴ϫã洺ᡣ
ԴˣʱѼֲˣκల㵹ǲŲæģ㿴
κలҡҡͷδ
ʱ֪ˣҲȣδ½Ƕˣ
Ӧ·ˡ
κలĻ˵꣬һŴˣǷŻ˵ŵ½ͳ˭
һ㿴ǣæһһ½첽˹κ֣ʱϫãÿɹİ
ϫЦЦ磬Ҳյá
ֵãҶˣߣǹȥȥ
һųȥˣ˲ˣ˷ǿ˰񵥡
ϫһۿȥϽǵǸΪۣκలٰԪ
ͬʱҶҲǼ½ӣ۾ɵԲԪԪκ˽Ԫ
˵㳶ɤӺκ֣κ֣㣬Ԫ
ʵκలϵˣҲ죬ϻЦŵţ쿴Ǽ˵ġ
ż¿ڶԪϫúκలֶ΢Щ죬ΪǰԲδо٣ȴǱˣһٱԪ
ϫˣΪκల鶼ѷ˸ı䣬Ҳûپڴˡ
˳¿ϫڵλÿ˴֣űǵǿ½
ϫЦŶԴСعϲ磬ϲ
ڽʱ֮УԼʵȷкܴǷȱ֮ΣҲûˡ
ЦŻأͬϲͬϲ
ϫЦˣɲˣμҵϲ¶ˣԵͬϲ
ʱκలˣЩζصҿͷôϲ£
ϫһҭǡҲϲ㡣
κల΢΢Ƶصͬϲ
ͬϲǺ˼ϫȻˣһʱЩȻ֪𣬶߷һΣüЦ
ߣӵһһȻûԼֻ֣Լ˿©ˣֵһ飬ûС
½˪һļҪ԰ο֪ȴذοңҡҾЩЩʧѡ
κల˼龰Ҳ֪˵ʲôǶ⣬Լһĺֵܼ˶ˣΨԼˣжȻʧܵġ
˵ƽûΣզզģ˽˶֪汲ǿ˽ӵģҲûʲôĹٶǵ˱ֹǰˣһֱ뿼ùҲüüһء
ҶΧԼɫأǱ֮˻ܣ֪ǶǵԼвһůЦ˳
һ̯ЦһĶüˣûбûУٿ˵ˣҵĺֵǿɶˣ˵ȥ϶йⰡ
½εЦǡ
ֵֵȥԺ˺Ⱥ˵ңұȥ׷ǡ
ʱκలӣҡͷЦˣָֻյģҲٳƣҰġ
Χ˽ɢȥϫתһվŵƺǲŹ֪ԼѾˡ
κలȻҲæȥϫõ飬ɫĿƽһ
վں£ŵڶԪλϵ֣_ȣϲˣˡ
ʱеĴʯͷˣٸĶеָչûйĸ׵ۿ΢졣
ЦţתȴΧվŵκలߵĹ˹ȥ
û뵽κలȴһڵϲ
Ƭ̣ЦлҲϲ㡣
κల֪ġлֹл乧ϲпʵĺ⣬ΪͬȴҲʵعϲġ
º͵ЦЦֳϫùһ񣬡ι
ϫÿǰӣһĻɫǰ㿡ݡ
֮ǰգյЩʣϫҲǵһμ
ϫõЦЦϲ
΢΢ϫһԼЩͷƽ͵˵ǵһΣ˿ߵκలˡ
лָ糣ص
ȥ·ϣϫκలΪλȹϲκల𣺡ΪⱲѾõģ㡣
չ󣬻ɸѲ¹磬λӹȥͬϯᳪ¹ʫ裬ַǷ
¹㿪ʼʰң׼ȥˣڴ֮ǰҪȥͰ׺ٰӣ׺չˣȥġ
Լڲݼ棬ȵã׺ˡ
˵Ҫȥˣ
ϲˮţǱ𡣡
׺⽫ѣҪߣвѹУҲϸûؼȥĸױϲġ
ûüϲָУڴԲһϲˡ
ЦЦл֪׺ûо٣еʧźҲ󣬲ȴҲվԼоٵλȥοѿ
Ҳֻлˣ֮ҡ
׺ˣҲҵ¡
գθ
Ժڣϫڴ֮ǰµĹ𻨾ơ
ȡ̳ϫý̳ϵδ򿪸ӱԼŵˡ
ᣬۣ㡣
ϫЦݣʱȡá
šæصͷ
ϫֵ£и˹һ̳ȥκ˵գϫֵüЦ˵˵˵Ǹĺ񡣡
¼״Цòãֿٸǣū澶Ȼúýȥ졣
ƣǴŰ֮գ׼κలģʱȥٺòˡ
һ̳ȥκʣһ̳ϫô㽫ʱһһԷҲ𻨾Ϊףף
ʱκκలյϫȥĹ𻨾ơ
ľ㣬κలЦЦԭΪĹ𻨸ѾǺܺõˣû뵽Ҳ㴼𻨾ҲӦúܡ
Ҳ⸱˼ǰĹ֦Ĺ𻨸⣬ڵĹ𻨾ƣκలͷһȣԭϲ˵ָоƶˣ֮۽
κలָĦž̳ӣһÿĻȣ¶ʮǸӣҸĸ׿ġ

27

գκЯκϺСκలһȥθ
ʱҳ̸κలݷ˳ȥ˳Ժʱ
ԺڣʱȤصСӣ¶ңκҲһˣɲǵϲо˵İɣ
κలҲֱӵд㣬෴ʱҪͬѣδĴ˸æǡ
գĸ׵ġ
ף
ʱ֮ȣѳȵЦݱҲ侲ԭ׵ġ
κలЦᣬȻأ
а˿ɲصùİǰҶš
κల㣬ûҪ㣬ǰͬ˵ұػϫõģͷԪֻǸʼһٰǵ˶ãҪȢκలӡ
ͬʱԺҲ֪˽κһҵŰݷ֮¡
ϫõĶߣоǼū澻˵ˣκһҶˣ˹عо٣Ϊκ׵ġ
ϫгȻȻǻϲκలһҲ⣬˵Լõģԭ˼
ڵȷŰ֮ͷԪףǸԼݡ
ϫüЦֶˣΪԼ˼ǵʵ̫̫ˡ
¼Լҹģ֪л֪˼֣Ҳٶ˵ʲôֻЦŵٹͻȥˡ
⻰˵꣬˽ˣ˵Ƿùȥǰһˡ
ϫûѣȥǰ
һϣСȻ⣬˫൱⣬һİ̶μҺκϲԵ¾ô˵ˡ
ҲɴǧԲգٰǵ˶֪ˣͷԪκҶҪθĵչ³˫ˡ
˽¶׮Եɷˣ˵ԪӺθչĴ绹Ƕͬѣ˵ιӣ³Ҳȡ˺εģͷԪѷͨĽѵˡ
˶ŵԣ͵ĺԵٰ֪ٹŮĽϫá
ЩϫҲ˵ģϫҲֻЦԭ˵ҲûܵһԼĸĽ˵ȥɡ
ĩˣϫͻȻ뵽һ£££ȥѡЩϺõĲϺ߹
¸ӦˣֵҪЩʲô
ϫЦŵ͹ණңȴûкú͹ʲôŲɰɡ
뷨ǼõģūҲźãʲôȵԼأţūȥȡ˹ҪĶЦտ˵ܳȥˡ
ϫεЦҡҡͷѾͷǸӣǱԼĻء
*
֦ԺηȻŰ޵滨ꡣ
Ȣϫ𣿡
ƼԼεεŮ޵ģ۲ѣѳɶ֣Ҳ޿κΣֻܰοŮЩͨҲǽѡ
ȻĻˣκֻս㣬ǡĪҪˡ
ξ㣬κӺ͵սͶϣҪȥίԼƻԵأβѡ˼ңȥĴˣ۰ɪ
ηȻγ֪Щ˰
ϣһֱԼʹЩϲ̨СֶΣϣκలϫãҲϫýӽκలǻһˡ
˵κలĸԸֻϲȥģѾ£ʲôᡣ
ûˣûˡ
ηȻڰﻳ޵Ȼǧ㲻㲻ԸʱҲҪԼǿз¡
Ȱ°ɣﶨȥ͵ĸΪ;һ˼ңȥӡ
֦ԺϫһŲ֪ΪæŸκలɰء
ɰ˼չ򣬴Ӳüơ嵽ƣϫΪ͸κలģˡ
գϫƺɰȴ˽˵ܷˣϫæеĻȥܷ
Ƭ̺ܷˣϫҲһûмܷˣýæЦӭܷ
ܷЦĵ˲ˮȥˣӺͿ˺ú˵
˿ڲܷŵѽ㣬ôϲ¶Ȼңٰǵ˶֪Ҳõġ
ϫȻ֪еϲ¶ʲôЦŵɱȡЦˡ
ȡЦ㣿ϲġܷЦϫõ˵š
ϫõ׺ЦЩ棬ġ
ܷģöҲ档
˵ЦϫõĶߵҿţκǰö֮֮պػ֮֮
ϫԵЦˣ˵˿϶
ܷѽκӿͿԶˣģϲӣŻڿʱ۾ﶼ顣
⻰ϫҲ񶨲ˣκలȷǰǰػһҲϻһ㰮ԼԼ
ܷʣ¶ʲôʱ򣿡
ϫӣ³űҪϾμӻԣٰ϶øЩʱ˾Ҳҳ˵ȶ顣
飿ʲôʱ򣿡
ϫЦŴ𣺡Ҷ¼ǣɶ·ݶã˵ʮ϶Ǽ¡£ǻὫӶʮ
ܷ˵ͷʮ£ţʮµǸ·ݣʱЩˡ
ϫȻۿϾͽβ±ʮˣ￴ӣ˵ʮºãǱ㶩ʮҲ޷
ܷϫС˵˺ð֪Ļ׼ؼȥϫԺſڣֶҪܷͳ
˼ܷˣȥչҹɣ͵ˡ
ôУūú͹ȥġ
ܷЦˣȥɣ⼸·ˣذɡ
ԱҲûٶ֣˸Ժ
ܷ˳ʱ·Ժſþ԰ܷߵ԰ײҪ׼ŵʱ
ιӣɡ
ܷۺЦ⣬󷽵ʺãеĻϲֻԼ֪
ʱû뵽ܷͬʱҲõģλԸˬΪ˴ȣŮкѵãûϲҲ֡
ЦŹִ𣺡ɣ
ܷЦŵͬö˵˰ĻմԺ׼ؼңιӣɣá
ʱܷʵȤúܣʲô˵ʲôͶԵ˾һ·ų˸
ܷţתͷԵӣЦЩˣδϲιء
ϲʲôʱЦš
ܷչչ䣬ü۴ЦȻǹϲоٰ
ʱ˶٣Ƭ̺ˬʵЦ˵лл
ܷ״Цտ̸ͬʱֶʱ˼˽⡣
ǰֱܷ￴ıӰ㶣аӣԽӴԽĶ

28

κలĺɰϫѾˣɰװȻ££㽫ȥκɡ
֪ʲôҲ֪СΪΣЦŸǣİɣū澶͵κ
ϫЦЦˣȥɣ·
˵˵Ļ£ʶɲ㶼ʡȥˣɼˡ
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ǰκұȡϫõȥˣͱظ˵˰ϣѵõĺԵ
ϫʱڰԣý˵ڴǰȫͬ
Եõ˸ĸ˫׵֧֣õ˰أõνýƸ䲻Ǹע֮ˣǰȴҲ֪ýƸҲӰı֮һ
ϣܸõģʮױӭӣͲ¡
ѵ̸ۼ֮ʣȴǻյϰߣƽﻹǻддţѾ˶֮ղСܺϰˡ
գκలţ˵ɼˣҳѾ̶ӣպǸӣ֮
ϫÿκలţůڵģ֪ϸĹػԼİԼԵĶһֻڼҰĴ޾ˡ
պκҹƸˡ
θԺ
Χϫõ˵κԹƸء
ϫЦЦüĿ续ҡȵ죬ˣȥȡҵ
ǣ
Ϊϫ󣬼ϫõĴɫЩǳˣȡ֬һСΪϫͿһдʡ
֬ɫǺÿͿϺӶˣū澿˶᲻Ų۶ء
ϫüЦ̧ۿе˶ü䣬Ŀ⣬ٵǺɫִ֬󷽡
˿֬ϫȥ˰ԺӣκలƸһзὫдõĺϣȻӦһȥκల
ҲСдĶЩҲŮ˫ջͨһڳ
ϫøյĸ˴ǰ˺ݣκలѾдһݡ
κలдõǷӣдǣĵ£ǧһŵڡ
ǧһŵڡϫÿǳЦ⣬૵ؽ仰һ飬һϻ
һ֦Ҹϣף
½˳ֵū䲻֪⻰ʲô˼ū澶ȴҲùдüãү˶ǼΪ˵ġ
ү
ϫЦһۣСѾͷͻҽ
ͷһŵϵˣūҲûѽ˽κӿɲǸϵĹүô
ЦӯӯؿԼŮСѾͷ֮˵Ц֣Ϊ͵ص±Ҳ˵֮లĻҲǶˡ
ϫýֹѾͷ
ЦǺǵصǹū澣ǹﺦˡ
֮θκױǶˡ
˺ϫκĴҲϺϲδŵĶϱ֪񣬴󷽵壬Ҳϲ˵
ʵϫúγ֪ϵ⣬ÿζ˵һڸƵûţһ˵˵ļҳʵڸκలദϤĿռ䡣
ϲԼԼҲϲδĸϻҳԵģϫöܾġ
죬ϫκ԰ţ֪뵽ʲôЦŵû뵽ల֮ǰ˻¡
˵⻰ֽϫõԼϫã͵صలȢӣĸ֡
ϫЦŵܼκңҲϫõĸ֡
ɲǸ𣿷۰ŴƣһŮܼ˼ңǸʲô
ϫ˵˻κలˣ˵Ҫȥϫò˼ؿ˿ϣ֪º͵ЦͷȥɣҲҴˡ
ǡϫøˡ
κలϫõ֣ЦŶϵˣҴϫȥ
Цȥɡͬϫø˺Ҳͷˡ
ϫøκలȥԺ
Ҫҿʲôϫʡ
κలǣ£ȻӹȡһźһӣȽŵݸϫá
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ϫŽŲ𿪿տ˼ЦˣԭǴţԣרдŻϲǶ𣿡
κలЦŵ˵ͷţһֱǹңҲǿĸȥļ飬бȻǶ֮£¿лд㡣
羹лԼ
ϫܳЦ¿ͨܰжκҵ˸ôĺãԶϱ֮صĴ綼ǹԼβж
˵ܻμҵ֮ΪźԶϣûʲôõģ֮ضеҡϫ˵š
κలЦŽƵĸǰȻţƣϲ
ϫô򿪺ӣ۵һɫѣ⻬͸һѩ״
ҵʶã˵֮صǳ֮֮ƣأϫָѩ״ʡ
κలЦЦͬ͵ϫ˵ûȷʵ֮ģگʢѩ˵ƳɵδԣһĻ幦ЧŮʺϲˡ
ϫһůΪΪһ佫ȴǷȥ˽ЩŮҲŸȤĶĵظ׼
ˣǻţҪʺõлǡ
κలţ綼ãҲЩģҲԴˣˡ
Ҳиֻǣκ壬Ƕ̫ˣҲ֪Ρ
κల֪ʲôæĻ㲻ʲôǶãΪѽ㿴˼ˣ㲻ҪʲôӦô룬ûܵġ
ϫöʱЩԲλ࣬Լˣκల˵ĶԣҪıǺúԼúôǣһչ˶Դ
֮κలΪϫôò˵ɫʵϳˣɫƽͣͨ͸ˣΪׯ
˵꣬ба֮˵ааΣɫУϫþͺϲ
ѩϫ׼ȥȷţպȥѰɽһЩʲ

29£ĸ

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ǰϫѾκల֪ǰ˽󣬴縸ĸ֮£ĵü˻㶼Լһˣޱȡ
ԣѡԵӱ⣬Ҳûʹκలκһ˵ǰ֡
ڣȴһκలڴκʵǰҲýȥοο
ϫÿʱЩ⼸գĸἰʱǹĵģ룬ܲ˵ЩʲôЩ
ϲκలʵκ˶Ҫ˽ϫã˳Ϊѱ֪Ҫʲôʲôˡ
κలֺγ֪Լ֪ǰĸ֮¶ܵѺӱԼǰ֮⣬ȴޱȣﶨȻǼΪ尾ġ
ҪΪֵЩʹ໹еθУҲҸͬ˵˵û뵽ȴˡ
ȻԸἰҲùһ˳ţ÷µı°ɡ
κలЦЦϫõǣ𣬶ȦԼůУźͻؿڵ
㲻ģ䶯ûµģޱʵĻӦǺܻܿصְٰˡ
ܿ죿ϫ۲΢Щϲš
κలЦʵҲ˵ܿ죬ǰǰ켣չһԺܻصְٰ˺;Ҳǰȵġ
ϫҲ֪˼һ¶˱仯κలȻܽ˵̫ȥ
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κల֮ºЩӱǱˡ
ϫ㽫Լ̫ˣӾ˵ģǰЩЩ¶ȥˣҲô߳ˡ
ϫñ˼һʱ֪κల˵
Ϊǰýۣôұ㣬ٷǰ֮£֪ǰǶˣҲһһ˵ȴܿЩ߳ģΣԼεԨ֮С
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ҡû㣬˺Щ֪ģǡǡҪӱܵģô治֪Դˡϫۿ΢
κల̲סۣǰۿĹӵ뻳̧ḧķ˿û£һң𣿡
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κలſʣŽ붼ʳҸ𣬺𣿡
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κలǰԼʬ֮ãڴ£κలֻʱóȻѸߵθĸ
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ĸ˵ûԼŮˣȴǼǹԼ뱲ӵģмǹԼТŮҲܱ֪ԼŮѾˣù׷ͺڷˡ
ڴ磬ϫΣ֪ǰԼΪ谮۰ò֮ʱıʹˣΪгӣҪװ֪ŵǺεȵسؼ尾
κల˵ڿƾٺ󣬴֪Ϣְģȴּصְٰչ˵ﰲꡣ
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κలʣޣ֪ʲô
ϫöݵһ̶ҡҡͷˣ˵ˡ

κలδ˵꣬ϫһס죬Ҳ˵ĸϾػһѾǵĶˣ١ҵĻĸ
ϣֲ֮£Ҹġ㡣
κలһůٴν뻳УţϫʧƵġ
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κల룬ⱲҪһЯ߹һģԣԸ֮ʼոһˣ׷£̽ſˡ
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վǩ˺飬ǩҲãֻǲ֪ǷȢ֮ŮҸĸϲ
κలϫãǰΪٺ˽ʿǩ˺ҲûȢ֮ŮǾټǨ˾ǡ
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κలмҲϫ֮ȥϫãǵãԼʱֻ˵һ仰
ǰǲԸ㣬Ҳ֪ںδġ
ʱǶ˻Ƶģֻ૵ԭΪдºԹңԲҪ뿪ǩ˺飬ѣҲΪҵ˺õĹޣû뵽ȴˣ뿪ҡ
ԺҲûʹκలˡ
κలҲ֪ԼҲ֪ԼԼȥ飬κలôױ鵽
ԣ鵽Ҳֻǲ鵽κలδ֮ǰϫõĴǶͬѡ
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ϫһֱΪǰС󣬺Ĺϵ˱㣬಻ʲô·Ĭĸ˵Ļ
ʱĺѣͬʱ־ȻǽԼ˸ۣȴҲûпȥģʧ˸Է͵Ļᡣ
ô࣬ϫøӾԼһҴҹͣǰҲԹ˭
ϫֻ˵ԼˣԼҲˡ
һ̣ϫþԼطˣжаǧٱ
һѸԼκలĻᣬڤڤ֮ע˵ġ
ϫ֪ô˵ǰ֣ȴûʹκలġ
ǰûʣڣȴˣ˳
ôأǰˣ

30

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Ǹطֻκలʹ֪ÿһʢ֮мκలʱȥ
ٺκల볯Ϊ٣þӾǣҲֻÿǼղŻصٰ
ͷβϫôκలĻﲢδҵκιǷȢӵѶϢϫòϣ¿عһӡ
ۣ
δȢޣ
κలԵͷЦЦת̧ͷؿǰֻ㣬ȢԵŮΪޡ
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ϫһʹȻϣǰ˸߰רһӣ׸ı⡣
ֻۣʵӾΪԼһ
κలܣǵһܣϫģҲ᲻ܡ
ȻһЦǰ˽֪κలκδȢȴ֪κһޣŶ꣬κŹķˣȢ
κˣŶꣿ
ϫۿκలʣ㡭㾹Ȼλκ𣿡
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κలϫõļ磬ŵʵôҲΪԼҲԸĸΪҲģҲԸԵŮһ˿ϣ˺ǣ಻ԸͣΪȢһŮӣҲΪԼҵ˽ѡ
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ҲȻЩ⣬Ƭ̵Ĵ㵣ҲæЦŴкκӡ
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31

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ܷĹ˼֣ЦֽΣִóһС磬㡢ǲĻ·ðɡ
ʱ΢ܷ΢΢գ˲ʲôˡ
˹ûü˵ܷ˵˾䣬һ·˳硱ʹ뿪ˣֻһɫıӰ
ʱǸɫıӰʧҰŷ˳ǸһŮӡ
۵ĵһõ磬ʱ磬ÿĴ΢΢
˴ǣϫҲθ
ϫ룬ȥ˾ǣĸжȻǼΪǣҵģǶµȲԺȥ
õģ
ϫȥ˸׺ͰԺӣϼŮæǵص
ţյϣ㰢˵˵
º͵˵ţҲǷæŴȥˣһߣǾÿġ
ϫ֪ĸ׹磬ԲŸϽ˵˵Ҳôǡ
ﲻ̫ģǵ˾Ȼдŵġ
ϵͷţ֪ˡĩֶϫõలҲȥ˾ǿƿԶϣలһߣκֻκˣǹȥ˵˵
ϫõͷţŮʡá

32

κలʹʱȥǺϫø嶼ȥκκ˵˵ƶ
ÿȥκϫûĵ׼һԼֵĵĴŹȥκϳ
գϫøմκܷܷҲǡɿһûˣҲý
ϫЦʣҲŹ䣿
ܷͷЦŵţѡЩӣأ
˱߱ģϫõκ
ܷ˵ͷ̶ЦŴȤκأպǹˡ
ϫñȤ΢죬㣬ܷҲ仵ˡ
ܷЦ˵ˡˣǿҪˣ
ǰյţϫô𣺡ǰյ˴ţ˵ٹʮձԵˡ
ܷ΢΢ͷʣһ·Ͽɻ˳
ϫ˼£κలоδᵽʲô˳֮£ҲûʲôµģǵţӦ˳ġ
ϣϫòŷܷ֮˹ĴϾ֮£
ּܷ˵ʱĵɫϫ˸롣
ϫͣס˽Ųü۴Цܷؽɻ˳ĿڱտڶǴ磬㡭
ܷסͣԼһ˵ˣϫã˲˵ϲʱӵһҼͻϼʱҾϲˡ
ܷ˵꽫һ˵־Щߺգȴһ룬ϫþȻԼÿ͡һЦ˳
Цʲô˰ˣЦɣҲûһֱ㡣ܷһ̯νص
ϫЦ󣬲ؿܷܷʲôҷǳҺϲ㣬ǽҵɩӣϫ֮á
ܷ̽ţģ㲻㣿
ϫ֣ҡͷȻ֣̫˽ˡ
ܷ⻰΢΢һʱܷСϫãǡϲ𣿡
ϫ룬ԵĲֻ֪֪˼нãӲ׿һǵһˡ
ģ
ϫõͷЦţġ
ܷ⻰ÿüչĵ΢Ц
ʱϫû֪ܷȥʹ֮£Ƕܷ㣬棬βȴ˵׼ؽȥ̽ĥԼȥͬ˵ˡ
ϫܷģδ˿޹ĸܷԼɩɩǼõġ
ֱܷϫûθһűηȻ
˼գηȻѾûкԼ˵ˣϫ֪вԶԼҲ䵭
ϫüηȻתҪߣڶԼڻ
ηȻԶס˽Ų˺üתԼ΢΢ʩһص㰲á
˵˺棬ϫߵηȻǰȥòȥҵԺˡ
ηȻ״΢ϫ˵⻰ʱºͣ΢Цڻһ㡣
µĻûϫûЩЩӣ˵ʱηȻɵҲû˺ԼԵģˣҲһֱš
պηȻԼԵʲôҲûԼá
ηȻͷ˼ʲôƬ̧̺ͷϫã㣬ʵʲôף԰ɣ
˵⻰ηȻڵͳԼһ㣬ֽŵЩӶȰңཥףǿŤĹϲ𣬲ԼģǿҲǿġ
ηȻγףֺγκలֻ֮ϫһˣʵЩҲЩνĲʺͲԸ
ֻǣϫá
ϫ΢΢һЦֻ˵һ仰ˡ
Ժ÷ˣøԺɣһ𡣡
ϫߺ󣬺ðȥˣԭصηȻŻع۽ǡ
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Ԫ³ϫյκలʹţ˵ٹһǱִܵﾩˡ
Ԫ³ߣκలһ˵ȵ˾ǡ
ҪıѰס߿ջðı
סĵطκలд㣬ǰʱסĿջͲ빱ԺԶ£ʺϰĶ顣
ǣκల˱ȥκలеĿջΪŵ㰲
ҿջҵĲͬ۸Щ˿ѡͨĶס䣬ҲСԺһķ䣬ȦԺȫ徲Ҳױŵ
ңҿջרṩ˷ˣһͣζɿڣÿն˰ʱ㽫ͽҲʡЩ
κలѡһСԺӣ䷿һһ䣬ЪϢҲЩ
ϣΧһԷʱʱ˵˼Ĵǻԡ
ѾԪ³ˣ³űǻˣʱ䣬Ȼֻһˡ
½ͷţڻһµʱ׼׼
˵ԣκలǰһЩ飬ǿڵԲͬԣؾ壬ʫٳǿѧǵľͨãһЩ˵Ķ⡣
ʱ½ԽԵ˵ͷԼȽ壬ǱͲǿͨľ⣬ȻǷС
һԲο߽Ըطľ˲ӣ߼߼ǣд±ǸǧôҪڶ֮ӱÿǱˡ
κలǰԵĿ⣬ʵѣҪóȴҪǷˡ
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Դӵ˾ǣκలÿճһ飬壬ǳȥ߿Ҳʵʵڵһ¾ǵķ֡
˵ǵķ֣ǰκలӡУԪڿͷһ
ԪԪʮ죬ֳԪϦߵƽڣһ㻹ûʼǱ׼ˡ
ԣھǵĽϣɼƵģ̻ҲȱȽǡ
˹һȦصջϣκలʸϫдš
κల˵˾ǵԪڣ⼸﷢Ȥ¶ŵĩβκలдϣԪѽϫһŶȹ
ŶȥĻһʲκలϫõģǵĹǶϲԣһżȥϫãϣϫԪѽܴԼΪѡĶ
ԪڵǰϦٰϫյκలš
½˽ЦŶϫõκˣǱǹдĻЩء
ϫЦЦû˵ŴȵһƺɫӣΪ£ٰʱ˵ӻЩһǹһϲʽ
¼Ǹۣ̾ӺƯá
ϫЦŵˣٿҹﶼ֪ηӦˡ
˵ĵؽӸϫϵˣϫǽŴ򿪿
źϫü۴Цͬ˵ţ˵ǵԪΪַշȤ¶绹½Ǽ˶ãҷء
ЦŽӻǹүŹأӣҲ˹ԶھǣȴŹġ
ϫЦ˵˵ϣͬһԪѽڡ
˵꣬ϫֲпˣҲ֪Ԫڻȹ
ﶼãֻҪκల

33

Ԫգϫûһɫİӣϵκలĺɫӣ֮ӰڶԵϸ˻ˡ
ʱԶھǵκలʱ½ˣ׼żĶ³ŵĴǻԡ
Ԫڹʱһα㵽˻ԣǶ³ſȴҲͬһ㣬Ҫÿһǰǰһս빱Ժ
ԣ³κల˱ͽ񲿹Ժˡ
ʱٰϫãڳﱸһһȵĻڣÿĶʮʮ⼸գľǼͺ˵ˡ
ϫҲ⣬ʮգϫûѣȥ֦ԺηȻξ˻λһȥ
׻˵´ƼٰĶ´ͣ紵Щģϫ˸硣
˵ηȻԴϴ˵˺֮ĹϵĻصһ㣬ǰϫøӿůԣԴ˵Σϫοͻϲġ
Ҫ˵ڣÿλﶼҪȥģϫȴͺͬһȥ˵
껨ϫͬηȻξһȥͺ졣
ͺǹŮּһЩɫʼ㣬ȡ˺ѲʼڻϣҲǼºף֮⡣
ϫȥȡԼǰ׼õĲʼã󽫲ʼУ˫ֺʮ۾ԸԸȥϵ˻ϡ
ʣʲôԸ
ϫЦ˵һϣ念Ըھܹһ˳ϣҲΪѰһ÷޳ȥ
ū澲ˣū澻Ҫչ˹ŹףŹͺһء
ϫЦŴ˴µգйҲ˵ģǵ֪ˡ
ֻǾ͵˵ūû
ϫüΣֻεЦҡҡͷ
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ʮ壬һˡ
ԽһڿڱᷢԿǶ뾩ھǵŽҰտ
ڵŷκలʱ½˽Ƕ˸顣
½Ļ˵ǣߵȥ˽ʵ飬˹ҲΪտǵĸĸ١
һδ¾͹ȥˣ³ţԷˣԼһͬȥ
һһأֻվȺ⿴ţ½ȿκల֣ʱ½жǼ
లలҿˣһһ
ʱҲŽţȻڵһλϿκల֣㽭ٰκలһԪ
ʱҲΪϲκలϲలһϲϲ
κలЦҡҡͷЩ֡
รҾ˻ûҵԼ֡
Ƭ̣ʱ½ڰҵ˸Ե֣ǿЩҲ
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κలЩ⣬ͨˣҲ֮Уٰ֮ʱκల֪ˣǸвѧ֮ˡ
˿˰񵥱˳ϲ֮ɫԱ½ЦŵϲలԪԪָտɴ
κలǫЦŵðˣ˵ˣѶȷͬһ㣬Ԫ̸ס
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ϣ˽ĺþЩΪС˻¾ƣΧСͬ֡
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κల˸ٴλһߺȲ裬һΧ˸̸ۡ
˵𣿡һ˵
ͬһЦʲôܱȽԸ˵𣿡
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⼸˷׷׸͵Ϣȷʵˣ״Ԫи
Ҳ֪˭Ȣ˹;һƬ̹
ʱǻЦ˵ˣ˵׼ǽĻͷټӰѾɲǰ϶𣿡
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ⲻ֪Ϊͷκల⻰ɫ
ʱ½һۺᣬκలԼѾ£˵ĻκలҪΥʥ
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ʱǰôſǣлԼҲǰ㡭Ļʱֹ
޷
κలֽ˵е𣿹Ҫ¿״Ԫֲǻͷ޷֪ڿοңд㡣
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κల˴㣬ϢǲģΪϫãҲԸȥðա
Ԫ¿״ԪȻãٺҲȲϫ飬һһһ˫˵ĺá
ٰߣϫյ˴κలš֪κల˻ͷʱϫΪϲ
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ϫÿ˴ţЦĵصҲˣβ̫ãҲǿǰġ
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ϫõͷţҲԣһѱȥ߸ĸס
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Խ֮ʱʥյһ׵ʿ֮ȥˣڸ
ƿһ׵һ㽭ݼһ׵ڶջݼԶһ׵㽭ٰ½
ڸǽһ׵Ϻ󣬽ֿʼ׺
׵һ㽭ٰκల׵ڶ㽭ٰʱ׵㶫켮ķ֮
κల˿⣬׵һܱܿ׷ţҲˡ
¶ʮ죬½ʿҪ͵Թʥ͵Ķ硣
ϣʥյοƾһ׵ǰǰȥ˻ͬʱǺԺҪְ֮ڴ˴οƾ٣ʥϻġ
һ׵ʿϣˣʥҲ˰ţǰʱκల˾ְ˵ȶŵ˸ȥ˹١
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һκలʱ½˱㿪ʼ׼ٰˡ
ߵգСﶼˣ˵ڶϣʥڵۿ˽İۣҲΪ⣬˴ͻʥּ
Ϣκలʱ½һЦ˾ǡ

34

·˽º󣬽ʮ죬˵ٰ¡
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²ƺЩ˼ҹĹκలֱͣӱϫã˻
ϫһˡ
ͻȻӵ뻳ϫЦЦļ򣬵ţ֪ǡ
ʱ½˹ʱκలŽ˷ſ
ϫЦŻ磬½硣ָ˸
½΢Цףº͵Ӧϫá
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ϫúЦ磬ϫ˴硣
˺ˣأȻؼҡ
ʱɹãĿȻɣȻæŻؼˡ˷ֵ𣬸Իؼȥϲȥˡ
κలٰʱ䲻࣬պֶҪȥְθκٰҪְȻܾټǨ뾩ȥԣ˵̶£ٰΪ˰˻¡
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ԺϫԼļ¡
ϼ£ùӺһվŵ¶̾ˣū澼ӡ
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޵ǰȻͬ
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ϫЦŽӭ˹£ܷǹңݵĲ衣
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ܷһڣЦ޵Ǻò裬㣬ڳҲء
ϫЦŵϲãҲ°һЩýȥĸ
¼״ȥȥˣܷҲЦӦ˵ϫõĻ
÷Լ𣿡
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ϫýɰ㿴˺ɰװŵĶȻǿϫúϲʵͷԧ֡
˵ֽһϫ۾벻ݵ˫塣
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ʱԺתܷɫһϲº͵Цţ˵չϫ
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㡢ڵң
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ʱ״ͷЦ׵ţǵ㣬ˣлл͵磬ůͺҺϲ
ϲͺáܷԼڽ̡
ʱǰĹﻹ𽥱Ķһ䣬ĺõصﲻĻ⻨԰һ߰ɡ
ܷæֵᡣ
֮ء
ܷＫԼĵϲòţȴһжԵӿȥˡ
ʱͷЦЦû˵˲ڻ԰ţһûһ죬ԶϺҳ̣ദ֮䣬ʶõһȻԽԽͶ
ϲŮӣ
ܷǹĻ˳
ʱûش𣬶ؿ
ܷﱻʱĿ⿴þЩּ֪þûлشԼǲشԼѾϲŮӣȴԼġ
ڣܷر۾ٵؿڵǲش𡭡
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ּʱתĿ͵ؿԼ󻺻ص˹֮Զߣǰ

35

³죬컹δϫñ㱻»ˣ֮Ǹױ硣
ʱϫڻ˼£֮·ȥǰԺȺ
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ʱϫûЩˣ˺ЩģϺױݣϫóԵʱСúܡ
˵ģĵض˲ϫڣֵһЩˮϫ
Ͷ˱Ķ
ʱͻȻ˺һ֣±㻶ϲصһǹүӹˡ
ϫÿĻȣҲڴģգҪ޸ԼͬʱԼҲˡ
űһǴʱϫȥʱ쵽ˡ
æͷϫøϣϫóԺ
ǰ
θףηȻξ飬а
ڱ޶Ҫݱ˫׼ˣʱʱδ°ϫƿ˸ͷݱĸס
ϫù£˫ƽλãһŽ㲻ʱʱ̷ڸ׺Ͱˣϫۿ΢ʪ
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׵θϿԼ۰мӵŮձҪˣûвᣬ᲻ԼųŮ̲סӲ˲۽ǡ
θ۴ȰؿϫõҪúТţչ˺÷ӡ
θϣϿˣϫУ۴С֮£ϸľӪʲô¶లһӱŻͺġ
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˻ѣϫŻ½̡
ױϺϫúκలǣȥǰ򳤱衣
˽ȥǰκϿǣֽˣһЦᣬԣϫúκల͸ˡ
κలǣϫǰȥκ˰񣬹ֵЯĸ׾ˡ
κЦŵͷϵЦӴȰЩ
ţ˶˲ˮκలϫøִһյ븸ĸ׺Ȳ衣
κЦŽˣ¸Ŀ֮ˡ
ʱֻ˻ߵѾͷѾһӡϽӴ򿪣ȡһЦŶϫ֣ϫù
ϫ˹ȥԽϫôȥ
κҸϱĴ֮ԭһԣలʵķһһֻ
ϵϫü䣬лĸףϫһúðϧ
ţκҲóһ׼õϱ֮ϫлЦһһˣǹŶԼİأϲҲϧ
ʱСͻȻ˽Цŵүˣӻˡ
ʻ𣿡Ͼϲš
С˵ͷӦǣӦҪǰˡ
κలϫòʱ˴Ϣκలͬϫ÷綨ǻף»֮ϲġ
ϣͼκʵǰſڣһīɫ۵κ˽ϫúκలӭ
κʽǶκϹĸװá
תκలϫ׵ܣá
ϫüκһμκʣӦȫϫЦŸϫü硣
κЦŵһ˲ض񡣡
Ȼκల˵κף»֮ϲģˣκʻΪϫô˲˵Ǹ׼ĸĿ
պϫûŵӡ
죬κలϫˣڸκ緹ȥθϫûš
ϫúκలθſʱһ˶ſڵǣϫκలǣ˽ŴҲһ
ϿŮͷǢǣϫõ֣ЦִȰͷɫܺãలܻչˡ
ϫÿһں͸״˵κలü۴Цߵص˵ͷţŮá
ϣϫúκల÷ϯ䣬׺ĸ˵˴Ҫȥ֮¡
ϫúκలԽԻһЦϫҲ⼸ղŵ֪ڴϾϿܷ㾹Ȼһ˴ȥ˳ſʹ磬һ͸硣
֮УͶٺòˡ
ϫЦŵܷǸùνŭٰбҳһȤŮˡ
Լ˿ԼĹʱͷЦˣҲϲܷҪǣǵһǣҶǵĹҪЩȢؼҡ
ڻźգϫñκల˵ˣĸѾýˣҸĸҲͬýһȥΪȥˡ
ĩʥ϶׼Ļؾ֮Ѿܽˣ⼸գϫúκలѾʼ٣ձҪϾˡ
³ʱܷĻҲֻ̫ڴæʱȥְֲ֪ʱܻ
ܷǸģҲѶ˻飬һϾչ˴硣ԣȶ˵˾ǡ
뿪ٰ֮ǰϫֻθȻ˰ݱĸףϫûȥһˡ
뿪ٰգκϣθϴηȻξ飬κలǡ
ĸȻǶӶвᣬ׻Цǡ
֮ʱϫͬηȻξããҴȥǣ֪ʱܻ׺ĸױǶչЩˡ
ξЦŵ˵ͷηȻȴЩŤصĸչˣǽ㡭ȥǣɽˮԶ㡭Сġ
Ȼ⻰˵üΪŤϫĹģЦţҲౣء
Ϊ˵ĺѣڵ֪ʱκల½ҪϾְȥˣһ׼õĶǵʮ̡
ʮ̡
е˴Щˮ㣬ϫúܷһԻҳһκలʱ½˵
ƽǻĳЩˣ;ǧһ𣬾ǲ֪˵Щʲôá
½ļ򣬵ھǵ㡣
κలʱǵ˵ͷ
״Цðǿɵúúõң׼ʳԣʱ򣬾
󣬼һЦԲƣ̧յྴɢ

36

ϫ·˴²ŵǣʥϲûдլԺ˾һ˱ԼլԺȥˡ
һԺӣȻҶסһҲЩ˴֮ҲиӦ
Ժº󣬴ϹˡκҶϫúܷѰЩɨˣסԺЩֽڿҲȥʹ
ԺӺܴϫκలסСԺ˼Դһʢʱһ̳һơ
գ緹κలϫóȥߣ˵⻹ǵ˾Ǻͷһһš
Խˣϫ˳ȥѵ￴ҲΪð켸¡
ǹ深Ѿٰ֣ϫҲþǵַٰȲ˵ġ
˵ϫ˼ƥµĲϡκలһԿϫѡüﾡᣬ޵ĳ硣
ϫ˴磬ܷ½ģԼκలģϫһ۱㿴ƥ°ɫģ룬κల϶ȻÿЦõҽ°ɫ˳
ü۴Цκల㴩϶Ȼÿ
κలԴǰͻݵŮΪԼѵĲϣȫԼκలˡ
ҶϲκలЦ
˲ϣκల˹һһȥκ˳Ĳ÷ȥΪ¡
˸Ҫ׼뿪ȴǡҪվŵĸˣĸס
ٴμĸϫһ˲Ļ㱣ƽ״ԪȻ֪ģкĸ׽ӵ˾סˡ
״κలȻϫãϫöپİһЦַŵκలůС
һĻ۵ס
ƾٺΪ¿״Ԫʥ״լԺǰŽĸ׽ӵ˾ǣձǴĸѵģû뵽κలϫ÷򸾡
˹ȥЦŵһᡣ
κలϫЦŻһ
ֶĸĸףκӺκˣǰԺʱͬ
ĸԺͶˣ֪ǰλȲκӱԼҶٰʱʶͬв˼֣Цŵλ˵λκӰɣлӶշ
κలЦҡҡͷˡ
ּĸЦŴһԾվŵϫãֵ˵ͷ˶ܿĸε͡
ϫ΢΢Щȣ벻Ȼĸ￴Ŀ⣬ǰǰ䵭ͳ͵ġ
ЩѾҪ˵ǰ£һ̣ϫþû
ϫҲֻЦգĸ΢΢ףǼ֮κలЯ뿪ˡ
ϫúκల뿪ĸŶԼҶӵȢȢ񷽲λһŮӣԼҵĸˡ
һ˲ǰȢһŮӣĸ֡
ﻹһأУҲ
˭Ҳٰ֪ʱľһƳôá
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¹ҾټҰ˾ǣʱܷ˵ĻҲճ̡
˿Ҫˣ׺پסκЩ㣬ʱȥѡլԺκҲԶ͸˼ҡ
³ţʱܷ飬ŷ򸾶˱κû½ҲñʹլԺ˳ȥһӱǵլԺԶ
ϫԺκల³
ʱ¶һ÷ӣﳢ÷ӣҲ
ȻϫѾκలף˽»ǻỽϫáϫҲ⣬ñȻˡ׽ˡ
ϫһű÷ӷޱȣ÷Ӷе𣬳
ϫԼҲ˵æˣҲ³ԣҲ
ǡ
ˬش˸ϫͶһű÷ӣٰθʱ龰޼
κల˳㾶ֱ˸ϣ֪жڵؼң˿ͣ᲻Ⱦȥ
Ȼκలһ̤ԺӱƼ˿ҡϵϫã״κలӿ˲ǰȥȴϫ˯һ㣬Ϊϫ££΢΢Щҵķ˿
һ뿿ҡϵ˶·֪һ۾Ц˽Ļ
Щζκలϲ
κలĻ˶ļ磬ţȵľ˰ɣ
ϫЦҡҡͷҲûкܾãߣȥԷ㰮ԵĲˡ
κలͷǣֽӡ

37

ʱһζβϫúκలһѾ˴ˡ
ԪչһԪڡ
죬ش˹Ա壬κలԻؼңϫùԪڡ
ϰףԪҪԲģϫһκలϳˡ
ʥ϶׼κల̻˼ҡֲȥθʱܷ˻򸾶˽ʱ½һһۣҲԪѽһЩ
ȻԪ־ʵĵͻƣµգ̻Ϳˣʨˡ
ǣҾһ˷Լųȥȥˡ
ϡ
ʽĻʵȤúܣϻ֣ǻ˾Ļڵգܲ¶Դ𰸣ܽǾµĻȡߡ
ϫκలֲţתһƼʱѾƽһգҽǻȡ͸Ѿɩɩܷ򸾶һЦǳ
κల棬֪ĽǱǣ˹ȥҲѡյƣƬ̱ƽգյ״ĵȡݸϫá
㡣
ϫһ˲Ȼ֪κలһ۱㿴˼ϲ״Ļƶˡ
ƽκలЦüۣϫЦˣȥü䣬εصлҺϲ
κలԴǰ˶εսС
ظ·ϣϫúȻȥԪκలдţЦŽͬκల˵˳
ȥԪڣھǣٰʱ˵ϣԪѽһȹʱҿʱȴһ㿴ơ
κలЦЦǸпοؿϫõǰ˵Һˡ
*
ԪڹκలӹдһϢ
ȥ׵ĹԱУθΪٰأΪ㣬ʥش˶׼ΣԽְκΪκలĴκƽϣ϶ϳװǴһϲּκһͬκʽְ
ϫϢҲ˼ˣ뿪ٰҲͰȻÿ¶ͨţܹȱʲôġ
պ͹˾ǣκలĴκʣҲһžˡ
ʥּ´һºμҺκҾټҰᵽ˾ǡ
˵ǵգϫúκలдʱɩɩܷﶼһȥ˳ſӭӡ
ǵ֮ǰκలʹլԺڽ˺ֱǵȥˡκǽκలͬסκʥ״͵ĸֻۡδݺãҲͬסһ
죬ϫȥ縮ɩɩܷȻһͬȥ˵︮ϡ

ϫúܷºܷѾֱߡ
ɩɩô˵ϫЦ˳
ܷҲһ㶣ҲǽЩԭԼ
Щȥȹˡܷ
˹ϵܣԴܷ޸ʱ͸ˣϫõЦɩɩɫǼõġ
뵽ҹܷﲻЩɬصȻ߻չˡ
ǹһֵЦ˵Щ˽ܻŵ˵︮ϡ
ŵҲȥϳˣֻаͰĸŮˡϫúܷﵽǰʱǡðηȻξҲڡ
ɫЩ㲣˱ϸ˸ˣӻǲ̫ЪϢˡ
ϲδ˵ʲôɫã̾˿ͷţȻȥЪϢɣҪ
ηȻξ鵣ﱾȥؾˣɩɩò׹Ƕ˱˵˵ɣҲصġ
Ű뿪ıӰϫЩпʣϾ֮ʱɫãûδ𣿡
ʱηȻˣЩݵǣɩɩ֪Դӽ뿪ٰӱЩˣ·ֲ෴˾ǿ˴ҩҲá
ϣϫúܷ룬ηȻֵýɩɩЦˡ
ϫЦҡҡͷһˣġܷҲΪŮҲȻġ
Ļӹ
Ѽ޵ŮѹŵĶϱ뵽˷ŰͬԼ˵ĻЩ㡣
ϿŮͶϱȻ˾ǣúҲû˵˶֮ҲھǣǶ˶ǳȥߣһֱڸˡ
ϫúܷЦӦʵϫףΪλδ㣬Ҹ˼ңǸ׵ĺӣ
ηȻξû뵽ĸڻ˵Ļδ֮ǰһֱͬĸ˵ﲻǸŽȥҲ֪ͬĸ˵Щʲô
ڣǺˡ
˵˻ϱȥ׼ˣϫúܷŰ÷
˶ϫúܷﰤ֪ܷճһŻϫü״ηȻξ鵽׻δĹңһҲŵˡ
ǳǹˣȥ˴ܷ
һϲ¶ˣܷˡ
ϲϷˣٷһµС
Ҳ־ϲģ棿ǱٿЩӵҩɡ
ǴЦӦܷ￪˼̲ҩˡ
ϲɩɩ֪˶ȻĵýϫЦܷͬ˵
̲סظܷƽ̹СϣЦҪЩĪҪ̫ˡ
ܷ״ҲЦˣǰҾһоҲûУǷŵζҶ֪ԼȻһµˡ
ЦŵͷţҲǸɵĺӣˡ
ؼҵ˾Ǻθͷϲ¶ˡ
һԵηȻξҲܷͬ˵˹ϲϲɩɩ
ʱܷϹŽĵЦݣƽ˼΢΢׵лãá
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ȥſţθʱһ³֪ϲ¶κలˣ˳һͬȥ˸ϣ˳ϫûظ
ظ·ϣ޶˲ϫÿκలļͬ˵Žյ¶
֪ɩɩ֪ԼѻУ֮ǰҲڣǸܹԺܹԵĺӡ
ϫ˵⻰ʱϵЦģĹκలĻĽ
ҲиԼĺӰɡ
룬κలֽϫȦУţӦǸԺӡ
ϣֶƬ̣κలŽ˹ԼϣΪضϫõϫҲҪһӰɡ
ϫÿκలɫ֣غᣬγ֪κలԼܣͬʱֺԼǰǰٴξʧȥӵз֮ʹ
Щϫö
ȻҲеǣκలչ˺Լúӡ
ҲΪκలԸš
á
ϫ˳Ӧκలǰ˶Ķͷ
˸ϣκలֱ˴Ӹſһ·סԺ
ôˣһƵЩŵǡ
κల΢Żϫã˵£ȥЪϢɣһ˺űǡ
ôһ˵ٱҲôˣǷ׷Ӧȥˡ
ϫÿκలĻ״ߵſκలϣͷøЩ-˵糺һ·˳Ŷ£ֱ
ӣκలطϣһߵĴ᣻£-ʵɴ˵-Ӱ--ϣӰ´£롣
һ˺üˮ
һҹϫþԼƶˣƺ︡

38

һʢֵ˿𻨾Ƶʱˡ
ǡԺһùϫñȥժ˹𻨣Ҫ˵ժ𻨣ҲǼнġ
δĲժʱ𻨵ķδڣζ͡ǡǡҪժǸոտŲõģ𻨾ƲǴ㡣
װ̳з֮ϫñڹ£ŹƵ˯˹ȥ
κల³صУ㿴һǹԺµϣϫþ˯ˣĴ΢Ҳ֪εʲôЦ˿ġ
κలЦЦָص˵ϫõĶͷᱧ𣬳סȥ
˷Ϻ󣬲֪뵽ʲôκలͷϫõĴϣһǺκలϫõĶȥϫѡ
ϫͿģκలʿݵԼǰʱؿԼŷǸַεǣϫļ΢˫κలĲøЩ
ʲôʱģҾȻ֪ϫŽʵ
κలԼĶͷϫõĶͷȥӦŲŵļУԺ˯ˣ㽫㱧˻
ϫɿȦκల֣ȻҪ𣬡㻹δɣȥС׼
κల״ѹЪţȥ˵ǡȻ󲻵ϫ㾶ֱӡ
ϫ֪¾棬һȻκలԸµκలӡ
գϫʱκలѾȥϳȥˣȴţ̺ϴ
𴲺½Ϊϫø¡
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˵⻰±ЦˣžӣϫҲƼԼµĺۼɵú¶ͿĨЩ֬ڸź˼ȥ
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ϫĪȥθ½ĸϡ
ǰЩʥϴ͸κʵլԺѾݺˣҲȥʹͬסˣϫ룬κల᲻ȥ˴縮ϣֻ˴
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ǣū֪ˡ
ߺϫòְ̧˰üģܾ÷ջģԸκల²źá
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ôôɵϫǺۿ
һԵκʼ״ˣҪż֮ʥɱ޹ģңףɪʱ򴫳˲Ļն֮ˣűҲ뵽Щġ
ǣɱ½ల˹ˣҵġ
ʱżѹæòҪ̫ģֻǽలʱ˹Уδ˵ҪһжҪϳ˲֪̫˰
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ϫȻȹڱȥ¼״æ˵˳ȥЩ
ϫøܵԺſڣײ̤ҹɫһ·κలκలĴҴңЩǱɫҲǲŴӹ˻
κలϫãЦſ˻
ϫͣס˽ŲκలЦݣ˲ۿ첽˹ȥײײ˽κలĻ
Һ㡣
ϫ˵⻰ˣˮ˳ջ§κల˫ҲЩƵġ
κలۣཫ˽סظϫõķ˿صţһˡҲ㣬롣
ϫÿ޵ЩҲǵһκలǰ
ҵĴ㵣ˡ
κలǻ˶Ķͷεص
ϫò֪ԭⶼǵʥϽƾͼľ֡
Ϊ֮˵Ϊ۰Ůʥܵûʼ£ʥϱŭ⽫κలѺڹ뿴ⱳ˵ʲô
ԺʥŴκʣɮ濴棬ҲĳκలģңҪõĵڱɢԾϲ֮ˡ

39

պһĻ
죬ʱɩɩܷۣܷµУ·Ȼ絣ĵýһ·϶ڷɩɩĵˡ
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ϯ䣬ɩɩĵʣôûж
ϫЦҡҡͷûС
ܷ￴ʧɫæο£ſģʱˡ
ţлɩɩ
һʯκల֪ϫðԣǱһӱš
⼸գϫÿնҪԺЩʯģǿɿڡ
ⲻϫøճʯֶһѣѸճ죬Щᣬϫóžá
¶̲סȤǲᣬٷ¼ճԲء
ϫһѷŽЦһأһźóԡ
⻰˵һ룬Ͷ˶һۣ¼Цŵϲ¶ūھȥ
˵Ҳϫ÷˳ȥϫԼСЦСʵţþˡ
һӣ±ȥ˴ˡ
ЩٲŸϫðŴɫĪ棬ϫЩˣ
ſ󣬶ЦŹֵϲˣϲˣУһˡ
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ͷȻģ˽ɾﲻʣ
ϫҡͷޣֻͻȻĶ
Ե˵ͷϷƷȣӵްɷſˡ
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ϫЦ˳ּͻȻҡҡͷУպǰ˺ū澶ٻˣūҪˡǡ
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κలʱƽûʲô㾶ֱȥϫõԺӡ
ʱϫؿϿ飬۾·Ķ˹һ
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