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ߣʦ
İ
˻ͽТһСĳλϹԭΪҪڼ콵һ׮áԵ
δͼǵһУƷְ檣ͨԺֻһˣΨһҪǡġ
ϵһ֣ɣܿɣ
˵ϲӦˡ
ϳ֮󡭡
ĳס˫Ŀ죬Կȣ˵־ΪΪҸúúñ
ϲһϣ̬˸棺´ΪٴȥɽȪ;鷿º㡣
ڻУҵƣΪˣϲһԡ

ģ㻶裻ģŨ
ϲñǿ VS ȥϵŮ
һƪŴȻ󰮵С
==================


1 
ͼϳǵؾְҡһ䣬Ϊ˴ƷδȳŵأڹҺĵһ죬ŵԭλˡ
аմ󾪡
ΪС϶ȥˣλ¶Կûмɵġܲʹߣλ
֮£˷׷׹
ȴ֣ȻΪλ¶ĸ׺ǰ޹ͬҡֵúǲ䣬λĹȴ˳
ȥҺĸ죬ҾȥĹؽСϵĹλ̧˻ȥ
⣬Сʱ֮߳
˶֪ıСʱһžͻУ߸¾һŮѪûʱȥӣӲҪ˵߳ɣʵǣǿ
Ȼ˵ֵȣûеȵҷڣҲûеߣְּ⣬ȵ˳˳ڹٸ鱸ϣԴǰСȫ޸ϵȷѶϢ
Һ£練Ӧ᲻һ˵ȫ񷨹˼ɣ̫񣬰һЦζ
һȴǿ϶ģݵǰλ䣬Ѿ벻ټŮֹе˼ҵߡ
Ʒᣬλ˵ãÕiɾޣδͼǣȴܺͼһеųơ
ټڣͷλǰѾݣŮټ޹ȥ˵ҲǼȴǰ޵λִ񣬻ܵ޴ͼеδҲϳˡ
ڳиۡʱȴͻȻƲ뿪ͼº󣬴ĸ糾͵ݰͰͺͯһˮȫΪŮΪ衣
ӣԭЩ뷨˼ңϢ˹С롣
ݳ͢ɷͬŲ̳Ȩ̳зݶͬڼӡ
˵ԭֻһ׵Ůֻ轫һױܴ£ôڣ൱һŮӣһŮ
˻û޹ȥҾѾԼ˿֦ɢҶọ̈̄ĸЩǵӢδСﶼԥ
Ȼպ͸߽׹λջ£ʣµĴļ͹ǣԾɲ
ͼǳǶ¶ȹТڣſʡǵվ˼ĸΪŮ˵ʡǰԡ
̣üӨ󣬼µĽТҲδ°֣ϰ㡣
ֻ͵ԲУŨжȣһ̬ȴʱ͵ϸŮӣĸÿÿἰ
ʱҴλӺһλŮʱѾ鷢ºλѰ·νòû͡
ĪǸȢ˰ɡҪ˭ûҴôӣ
˵Щսѵĺӣڼ˿ˡۿҪɣҲȫǣֻΪŮɡ
ӺŮһȫգͬ
ĸŮ鲻ûס˵һЩŮ߿˿صЩʲôءһǳǶ˵轫ǸǰСϣһžѾˣ踮ŮͲ轫ĺӡ룬СϹţҵĹûã轫ȥ˱߹أ˵ʱû¶
ϷһĨ죬о̫ϸ¶һҲȥ˵ûзӦҲ͹򶨵ƶǳдԣ棬ǻǲҪ˵úá
ĸͷҲǣ˭֪轫ǲǱԾǸǰء
һףΪ⡣
ȴĸֵҲۣ˵бۡ˵ʱ轫ҵʱ˵СµǸŮҪԴҸҸûҪ˵轫ԼѪôܻὫ͸ҸȻڣǺûһϵ˼
ɴеӣý׿ŪˣŲŲ˵˵Ҳ㲻ԼѪռԼŮλá
ĸɸֵشһţʲô¶ģ˸ɵëҲԣԺ϶ûдϢ˵ףǶŹˣѶϣ㰡ôˣ˻û۹⣡
ϸеָŶͷ̬˵ĸʲôģҲ˵Һۼҵŵر𣬾˵ңⲻǻҰѹڣҿǰļˡ
ĸһ١
Ů毺õݺûûεӣֻһؿϲȥ²䣬ͳ˷š
Ҳڻ˵ں󣬲ŷԼ⻰˵Щԡ
֮ǰδɼĸǧѡΪµġ
ɼòݡʲͿȡͯոҲ޲ڡ
ʮ꣬ҿʼֽļӦߡʲôʱʼߵʱз˱ʡ
ɼ˳ϵ̼ҵСŮ¶𡣾ںɻرͤǸʱŮֱѾʡɼΪж֣ȢŮΪƽˣ뽫¶Ļڶǻڵһ֮
ʱﶼ챻Ҫˣĸֱɨ㽫ɨ˳ȥ
ĸΣŸˡ
ĸʱĻ˵˶ûأͿʼȢƽޣǵȳ׺С֮ͨĸֹҲֹס
Żá
֮ɼҲûʹոѧ˳ȥ˳һλѧѧϰ
ԷǱ߾ѧô֪һţ꿼ζûϡǵ꣬˵ڲ֪иճТλܵҲҪ³ǸϣɼУõʱһ³λܵܳĶѹ
֮꣬ĸͿʼΪ࿴˼ҡ
ϧΪ˹飬зԶ糣ɼ
ټ֮游һТû꣬ĸҲˣٴТһꡣ
ص˻ʱʮػڶʮĴˡۿѾТڸ׹ТڲܲμӺϲ£ֻТ£ٵĸ˫˫Тܳס
ƽ˼ңܲὲϽֻңոԴТͱչض飬׼Т³ٲһǰ̡
һոԺٳڸĸТڼȢһ£ԻΪ۵㡣ԣոĸΪļҲֻܽĻڰ
ʹˣȳʱͽʮһӳýŴзǰո˻ʱĻҪӲ硣
ۼ׵зѡѾӼﲻ̼ͯӡɥżͯҲѹĸżϻ΢һĵĻͻг롣
еӣ˼£̾Ϣһо̫⡣
콫ӷ£ԺкСѾߴûǺЦӯӯߣȥ
ﵱ˷ܵ˵ﻳУЦ㣬ȥҪԣҪ⣡
ռҹӣΪ⣬滹λ׼ĵܵܣһոɵܣǰ֮Сá
ǼСһӣ󲻾ãΪнТûմȣ˶ִšֻ㣬СԾռŮһ޶Բ󡢲ϸȱ
ǣС֣ĸǰţûӦ·˽ȥҴˣˡ
ڣĸһİӰϣͷŴⷢľһӾˡ

2 ·
æɿ֣ǰסĸʲôдܡڱӦûЩ˵ȴܺͶܶţõҼ޲ȥ
ҲƣŮöʱ򰡣͵ۼż̤ưɡ
һС֣ͣ
ĸһͨҪԿ䣬ûס¶˿Ц⡣ҲǶƸеˣֻʵڻʵ̫һʱ޷ܰˡ
æùʺ갣Լǲ¾ҪʼԺԣҲ˾Һ㸸ҲТ죬ʹȥһ˴£ȥΪүЩǮҲΪܡȥǱ߰ݰݡ˶٣ֳԲ䣬СãҲȥΪǩ
ռСϸ¸ճТﱲТһ꼴ɡ
ʶոĸТڣʺѾ͵ı˱Ժԡ
Ժͺһ£ûʱͬȥЦ䣬Ȥ
ĸһ£㸸ԸģʱҲҪء
Ц
˷֣ȥඣȥඣ
ĸСѾͷѵģҲ̧һ£ѽڼҺúôţԺٴȥ
Ϊʲô⵽Ϊʲô

֮ʱ䣬⡣
ո鲻ӵѧϰȺ⡣˵ʱ䣬ҡͷˣʱ䲻࣬һɲܳȥһˣɢˡ
ʽʮߣʮ塣ʱܳţʻܱסȣۿɼ´ǣףǿһġ
ǣξͺúÿһΪĵ顣
ʺײȴԼͬ
˴ӷ̧ͷɴ۾ָԼǵҡأȥҶûȥ¡
ŵСȣҲȥﶼȥȥ
ZһۣȥĵطˣͯȥǶԷ治
˲ǵҶˣͯˡ
Zһۣ˹ףûȷʵ㲻ͯ
Ǽ׼µһ߸ߣ䣺Ů겻ͬϯҺλֳȥû˴㡣
ԭء
Աߣûסһֱֱ֣Цѹ񣬶ŪԽЦͣ
Zӣˣʳڼ䲻֡
æãֻһ˾ִյһֹһ˿ڼЩʲô
ʺ갿λûûεصһۣ־һͬıߡ
һ̾Zˣһ鷿Ҽһ㱳ȡ
ˣ
á
ｫһεС°˰Ҷˤţ۵ġ
æŴٺֱЦ
ЦӯӯĿԹ䵽߾ѻոƽĴܺͶϣЦţȴٻһĨȻ
ȻʮߣҲʮ壬ΪһֱûжµԵʣĸûԽȸ˵ף˵Ҳýѯʣȴһֱûɿڡ
ǡ
ֻϣԸϰ񣬵ţƸһ˼ҡ
պ
ĸ籸һ˼ͼǣǰڵļɽ
ʱ¼䣬ˬˣɽ·ߣ·̲Ҷ֦ͷ̽ѿڼɽʯϣɽͷķҷֻͷԭĻƣˣˡ
ǡʮ壬ɽ·Ķ࣬
У˵̬Բ󣬵ɽȴϢƳɽʱҲԺ⡣
ĸʱ۵òУʯԵһʯͷϣӹѾߵˮҺڣѾͷôߣһҲ۵ġ
Ӳöǣ⻰̧Ц˵ģ⼸ׯϣɽٵһ㡣
ĸΪ˼ʣɽȴûίģŴ֣Ҳãڣ֮ǰ󡢸Ưˣͺá
ܽ棬˫κ죬粨
ĸƯýʵøı䡣
·һһЪ˼Ъڵִɽ
λڼɽۣ֮ʷƾãܹ˼ݣĺīīɧһΡ
˻֮ǰҲ˴ݷǩʱΪ볣ɼԵܷ˳ȴõǩ
ʱҶѾҪ볣ڣֻоɼ̬һֱ鸡úܣвþƮƮģõǩĺиòС
鸡鲢ûά̫ãͳ䶨˻飬׶Ǹ볣ɼԵߡ
֮ǽТҲû
ٴεǶɽ¶￴ŵ·͵ʯͷԭȵĸӲҲƽ
ĸѾߣУ°ݼ
ԺԽǵŶųɳ
ĸ򴦽ϣعڵ⣬ߵף̴ȫ޴¯к󣬺ֲڣߵס
˳ϲԼͬࡣ
ĸŮһС˵强
δܺͶܿԿ϶УҲƵÿЦʲôģȫ㵣ǡ
ɵŮ⿼԰߷ʵⲻǾһЩ
á
ĸ߳ǵţͻȻУתͷһ򣬱΢䡣ס˵
һ˳ĸ߿ȥͿһλ̬顢ССˣһλ˹Ĺվһ
˹Ĺվڴ⣬˫㣬˫ĿգСˣԵľ
ǳɼ¶
Ȼ¶ĸ緢ֶԷʱ⽫ԼСǰͦͦʱдŵ⡢ԼԶ׼Ц⡣
û̫ҪǰҫС˼ڿʱгЩ⣬κβ
ǰɼһֱǰһЩÿ֮Ļֱԣ¶𣬱һλϸϸϸŮӡ
֪ǺۣܿҲˣ˻ˣҲû̫ź
ΪɽΪ˴ҪʵΪТڼ䣬ÿȥɽߣܹʵޣ㳶Ľڰˡ
û뵽ټӣ¶ȴһȡ
˵ҲֵÿЩ
ͷĸϲײĽͷŭ룬קĸֱۣ¶ôְ
ĸһۣû˵
Сֹԭȶݵһ˰ڸо̶ҪԭܻҪߡ
ĸ˳ǣ˭֪ôιģ˵һŮŵڶ̥ÿû޹ȥģҿϲ
ﲻسӣҲݲȥҲֲ̫ˣɱϹ˵˵ġ
ĸ뽫Ϸſ¶ӣҲŴ˸սֵԣﶼң㿴СС̶ƵθҲԲ󣿣Լʹ볤Ҳѵúܡ
ղ£Բᷢ
ĸһֻͻĻȥ߹ŮӨ̶ϲ˵Цǰϵȥ
ۼŴСͽ˵ĽźȫĸĳӿȾһ˿͡
ǼеλС㣬÷˿ֶΣ۵ڶû۵һÿÿ̾Ϊֹ
ϣӦѧϡҪѧûкܶࡣ
һߣ¶ôˣзߺޡһ̧ͷǰ泣ɼѾ㣬۾

3 ǩ
æŶǰ๫һԵС
ɼĿңüʹǣٴ˫ֺʮϼݡ
ٴۣ۵мɢɫмᶨǵȻ
ԺΣٲУֻٵȺꡣ
ǰ̽ռҵϸѾТҲԺԣʱǵУȴûУҪ涪£ʱ֪˻Ц
Ŀ⻬߱óԺúԽ̬ӣ߰ɡ
ΣһΣԲ䣡
*
ĸμݹϺ͹ʿ󣬱ȥǩҡǩ
ʮ壬еĽǩ˺ܶ࣬ŵλúǿ
ĸǰģһλӺȴݿϷˡ
ںĸС˵ʱҲɫĴ
λϷ٣ֵ֪Ϊƣֻϵĳȴö֬ͽ޶ڲסġ
ŶǰУĸҲ𽥽š
ע⵽ĸǸǩҲŴס۵׵ɫ
˴Σǲδʺǩñ֪ǩĽӰ쿼ӡ
ĸˣһǩ
ΪԼԵĸΪСãΣ
СùĸŮֻꡣĸռҺ󣬱һָСŮǹϵΪ׺
꣬ո游ʱˣ˺ȴء
Ϣغĸʱ˹ȥ㲻Σ游ǳУһ۰ոˤһȡ
ʱոֻλţɫ֮˫Ȳָܻ֮޷μӿƾ٣ֻܾʹֹ
Ը츳пɵոһܴĴ
ʱвԣסϡĸΪ˸ոλˣҵϵլӣᵽլס
Ǯˮֱծ̨
Ÿվ꣬Ŵ˽ȥسǱ˹ŮСѡΪռףѡʹû˰ʮ
ο˼ˣûʰ˸С뿪
Ƕʱ䣬˼ÿϴ档
֮꣬ÿ궼пЩ𽥻˹ո˫ڹҩĵľ£·Ҳû̬û꣬˾١
оٺյһЩ̻ոżʡǣһ߽飬һ߻Ǯ󣬲լӣΪū͡һСׯӡ
СÿӻǮĸںǮ󣬱㽫ĻĿպá
˵СûٶЩСðһļױ
Ȼǰ游ȥ֮ǰСþͲ֪ģҲûӹһ԰ֱڣҲûлָϵ
šӣɬȻ
Щ꣬Ҳ֪˻ʹһ˵ĵطżҲجоѣĸ
ʮˣϸСҲжʮһֻҪţٹ͸ñųˡʵһʲôҲֻҪСܰȻͺá
˼䣬ֵܿĸǰλˡ
ʩʺ£
Ƿ˳Ƶصݳеǩɬ˻ƣԵ
΢ЦףǩģŷӦҳһǩֽϳ¼һЦʻΣԵ޶޶ʩܵʻǩΪǩ
ʦ˵ҶԵϷɫ߬еӡ
ӷԵ֮£Ե춨ʩֻɾɡ˿ܲģʩ϶ȴʺġ
ϷæףӹԷ¼õĽǩĺ˫ֺʮҲһӷ𣬶лʦлʦȥǮ
̶ֻ̼仰ϵľۿɼ˲٣˴м䣬½ǩǮԱߵȺѾһ뿪
ֵʱ黹ЩšľϣǩĵݳʦСŮԵ
һۣЦݲ䡣
ﱳֱҲ֪Է᲻ǵλԵǩĵùſӦò󣬱ϾʱѾȥꡣ
Դûж˵ʲôֻǷᣬ̧ʸ˳¼дߵǰԵĽࡣĪҴűΪ
ҲһöԵǩŮʩʱֻԼıģ˳Ȼ˴Ե˳죬跳ǡ
ϷһĨ죬֪λʦеġ˴ΡǲǻǵһεԵʡһ˼⣬ǹһ䣺᲻ܾá
Լµ̫ᵢλܻܵȢǲǩеûжΡ
潫λܵɵʮٶףɾûˡ
Χһ׷洽͵Цһһңżѯʻڵģ̲ס¶
С˵档
ӦǺ޼˰ɣ
ľЩĶŮͣоԼټֻǺƤԭأŵŴ𰸡
ĸѾͷһ£Ц䣬̧ͷʦѾͷ˵Цء
ҡͷʾ£Цӯӯ̫ãŮʩҪż
ΧĺЦֱӽֳһŴ
ĸҲԱЦţ뿪Ͻͭ壬ӹǩֽסСܵӴѾԱߡ
뿪˲飬ЩԼסӣŲǩϸơ
ƲУֻԼĸĺס
ûãĸҲһŽǩֽϱޱϲ
æӭȥʲôǩʦô˵
ĸǩֽ˹ȥ˳ǣǩ˼Ӧǻá룬ֲ˼ǣֻҪ񻹻žͺá
Ͽϵ꣬ڵѾࡣ
ｫֽչаɽδɰΪӣ̫ƽ䡣
ǰ䣬վ
ں䣬ȴ֪˵ƽ˵
ɻĸȴ֣ȥɽֹ䣬ȥѰѰʦ𷨣ЩǮ
ﻹĸһ𣬵ɫƣҲס˿ڡ
ºŮִ᷿˻һɽ
µĴºɽ£ǴվɫŨ㴼֮أĿǴƬķɫһѩ滨ѩ׵ӻͶƵӭУ칬ɢľʤա
ɵͬ²ɽֻһţͱⴥĿסˣסվԭؾþ޷

ڣ´Դʢ
Ѥ÷£װŮٸǣڼ䣬̸ۣϷԶЩĵطһȺṫǾ¡
ҲŸ̾ȷʵƯС㲻ȥͽЩȫ¡
ͷָȹǣЦ⣬˳ʯжȥ
ճТҼгТڵԵʣմŵĵǳͷƽ٣ͷֻббһֻ˵ТʱĴЩȴؾվڻķȹŮУۡ
ҲЩֻǱߣϸϸ۲˼ŹҺ󣬸뻭ʣͣУҲΪһһصķ羰
ѽ쿴ǰ轫轫Ҳˡ
ʲô轫
Ȼ轫
轫ÿУ˵ֻмŮһѣҲˡ
ӴСЩգҲЦ㣬֪ߡ

ཿŮȣߣϲãϸϸܽ

4 
˳Ůǵȥͼһλ觺쳤۵ĕiӣվһʢŵһ£̬ŵ뼸λ˵ʲô
ǰԱ߹ǵ̸֪Ǳ佫轫ﵹǸԸһλ޸֮
ǲԽԽϵĿ⣬׿Ůǣ𴽽ǡ
űŮӻҪµĶӡ
ЦЦ
Ȼʱ˶оıζֻע⵽Ҷü£һ˫ǵī˫ͫ۽ϸ΢ӳ۵΢΢ӿ⣬һ˷顣
ŮǲܿƵص
λ轫ƺܹ׵²ŮǵķģǵߡΪԼѰӡŮҲ赲ǵĽ֮ġ
˻ɫҲоͣ˰ġ
ȥϸƣȴɫĴŵģģҲƼġ
ģһԭλ
˸ĸоΣյġ
ָоޣڶԷЦջĿ󣬸ӯطԼղŵķֻǴԾŷһɲǵֱ
΢򴽣һӾûƬפ£תק߻ûг׻عһ𣬻˸ȥ
Һɫ£ǰλҹӽ̸һ䣬˹ĵסһͿѾԶͶˡ
΢΢ü
⵹Щģеܹ˿ջŮӡ
ˣǡ
轫ߡ
뼸˹ֵתֲͣôܻУ
ܵģܹݰˡ
ְϷЩĿɾԲ١
߶䣬ٴβϤӣɫش۵Ǽ˵ԼҪѪĲ˷ܡ
˼µķ㣬ҪϹˡ
*
һߣק뿪Ⱥԭ׼йһһȴ룬վֺδΧ轫Ĵԡ
ɫԶǹĵһ
ɫŮӶԣŮɫӶԡ
˹ɫֵعŮҲϲɬ
ԭһ㣬˿ΧһƬ˵С˽ЩꡣںɽתתѰãѰһ徻֮أһʵļɽ
С㣬ѵó˶ĵأôܵУɲ⡣
Ϫʯ̨ϣòҶˮϵķۺ컨꣬Դһٳȥ泳úܡ
Ūò˷ܡҲ۵ȺЩ롣
ɻؿһۣûжʣֻǸҲѰ˸ʯ£ȴ
һʱ䣬˴ֻϪˮԼĽˮ졣
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轫ζĪ˵Ȼô֣ѴϲŻСΥͣ
쵰
ֻزԴЩԷЩϰˡ
ô
֣ôͲͷġ͡ģ
ɷˣ
*
һߣѾصе䣬ذϣļѶϢ
Σֽֽ̧ŷ£Ц𣿡
ѹϴûҲ
ͣ
*
֮û죬ɾѰ˸ڳţȥ˳ϲׯ
γСӲڣѡϴͬĲϣò÷Ϊóߴ󣬲÷ǰ
÷Щӡ󣬱ϾͼУԲСﲢֵϴǼȹϲ
ҡͷЦӯӯڣϲ൱ϲ÷ˡֻ֮ǰûؼҺ󲻾ãͱһλˣԾһʽϴǼС
÷Ȼ򣺡ԭⵥҾͽˣ¸ȡС
¸²£ĳȹӸպá
ţʱܺͶܶѿԺԣøһ顣ʹصͷӦ£˾鷳÷ˣʵ̫ˣҲüн
һ÷õĹάǿա
÷⻰Ц˲١
˳÷䣬ڲׯ˼ɫɫƵƵĲϣһת뿪
ҺĸĲϣֵȹأû
ҡͷ÷˵Ҳż϶ЩŷҲôҪţȵ´ܡܳ󣬴ЩãҲûмá
ĸҲе֮治ѯʡ
վ󣬼㽫һŪȥ۾
С㣬Ȼˡ

8 Ժ
ʱһ£ռҵվе·ʱ᲻طŲ´λүϰΡ
˽գһֱάֵԺԿʼ졣
һ磬ɫδռ˾𴲣λһóʳ
ոĸȻ򶨣ɫڽŵĺۼЦﰲοʸ갸ʵѧʶ㹻ֻҪ̫Ӧûж⡣
ĸæ£Ϲ˵ʲôأõӣޣ
ʺ갸ո𴲣ҲûʲôθڣڹԺͦʱĶӣǳԵ˾ŷֱ
΢Щˮʹæ׼뿪
ʶĸõģԻ
Ҳʱ仹磬ʹٻȥЪȥˡ
ĸͷҪٶ䣬˵ǽţֻҲעⱣůʳ塣ȥɣ·ϳ˼
һոʡ갳ϳͷǰͼǹԺ
ֱǸ뿪ĸϲԳ㷣߶ţ֪ҲȥͿˣҲۿʡõġ
ﱧĸĸ첲οۼҵռ䲻ȥЩ̫ˡҾͣҲֻ͵ԺǰһΣ֮ǻ³߹ȥȥ͵岻
ʵڵǣڼҸʰʰԺӣЩݰģλܻܵһǳϲ
ĸ̾Ϣһ˵ǵǣǱŻص˷ڣ˯˸
Ѻ˷ΪɨӣԺӣæµòֺ
˴ԺԣոТڣʺ갵ѡոһλͬ
ڹԺ⿴ųӣرʿϸɹУһ
ֻܵʣµģͿԼˡ
Zǣ帣ϲڴ˵ȺϢϻռҡ
Ժԣÿ졣
ڽļȣ⼸첻к⣬ʿϳԺ
ռ⼸죬һ·ǹġ
ÿ磬ȥԺſڵȴͽˡ
ʺ갵һֱҺԸƣóԺúȺ˯һͨ󣬵ڶܾü˵ǵȥμһԡ
Ժһ죬ǰԺ⡣
ڽ칱Ժر࣬Ժ⣬ͣĽӺţĿ಻ʤ
ǻͦʱ䣬ھ빱ԺλЩԶ̩;ƹѰռҵ
ϳͷ²æګګС㣬ô磿
ɸݹȥһˮңЦҵĴܺͶܣˣû£ߵţȥԺѰ帣ϲȥ
ϳͷһӹˮң帣ϲڹԺǰһŴ£˿е࣬С˺һС
ӦˣԺûʲô£ʹϺˮҵԺſȥ帣ϲϡ
帣ϲܺңͷһĲñͼͯ˶һһĨһҡӡ
ˣһӾ帣ϲ
帣ϲ۾ĺЦӭС㣬ɡ
ôô
帣ͷ̫ȣһͱ̧ʮˣûү
ϲҲŵͷλүǿⲻ󡣡
ֻ˵֮ǰТʱλүÿСһɽȫһ֪ǿ϶Ⱥ޸֮ǿ
ɳһǱáʵȵýǼûҲ˴
һ㣬˶û
ֻڶضȵķ꣬λүһխСĺŷҪרĴ⡣
˵ţ˾Ϳһλεѧӱ̧Ժ
ѧ˫Ŀգɫ죬ʿ̧վڹԺſڴ󺰣־Ż˭ҵģߡ
һƬž
ʿЩͷִ־Żʶġ
˵ֵȣһվǼүλʶ鷳λүˡ
λʿͷ߶䣬ҲĨź˹Ժ
˼ѧ˵ǱĲȴǳ󾹻ǰӿ
ɽǰʪķ˿ȫ۵ԺŷпҲ֪˶æʲôȥˣᶼڼ¶˰ɡ
Ҳ⣺ǲİɡ
ڱסֲܴϵ˼ңôܻȱһСˣ
Ըпһͽ׵ԺΪܿ죬µѧӱ˳
ʱʱɫһԺűڴ򿪡
һȵɫǺ졢ϴŨȳζĿſӹԺһһ߳
汾͵ȺõȺһֽ
ＸҲܽһȺȺòĿѰˣ൱
ջȿһŻζ갣һϲæָʹ帣ϲȥ죬
ү
ү
ܣܣ

һµֺ帣ϲڷʺ갴Ⱥм˳
æֻˮҵ˹ȥ˺´룬ֵֻʪǲá
ͣЩԶټһ
ЦЩˮˣôأġ
Ҳͷھȥˮ裬ΪĿ꣬ԶҶߡ
˵꣬˾̲סЦ
˾кãҲɳһﶼ׼ˣϴˮ÷иСˣȥ֮ȫС
Ǹá
δҡ

Ժѱϣûٹѯʣһ˴ӵ̩;ƹݷߣ˵Ȥ¡
ţȴڼִ̩;¥ʱԶԶϳͷС˶һ
ռ˶֪ϳͷȻ٣ĳЩȴִ֡
ͱڣԱҪӣռĵض
С׳һڵĺݾۿͿִˣϳͷ˵ûô죬ҲûֻŲվǲλá
ռ˻һۣæǰʲôأʲôأһԣˣתͷͰ浽ٸȥ
ˣλֵСæ˻ЦӴǻˣȻǾǽŲλã־ة˼ҵ
־ة
۵һ˿ɻֺĶ˵
ɣæ֮ͣǰܿ˳ۣ˻󣬻䳰ȷͼ޸־ة˵Сӡ
Ȼ

һˡ
ʱ˵ԹĿ࣬ŮҸѧʫϣҲмĿհףȴľԡǴܺͶܣոε
հʡǼ꣬Ǻִܻ磬ڻ滭ѹηͷ
ټǷӯֵͣȳһ㣬ֻڶӺϡ
Ҳ˳ۡ
̧ͷС濴ϻζĳ

˵ռλҲ㲻϶ãΪʲôᱻ˸ϡ
ԭˡ
Ȼˣ鷳ҲһáûѾˡ׼뿪Ƕôߣǲżٲһ˶ˡ
СҲɫؿڰ˺ЩǸϽЩ
ʺҲɸղŵĻ˶һۣͻȻ־ةûмǴĻŻǼҵĹӰɡ
ȷʵ
磬Ϊ̧ȥˣǶûнӵ갲ѯʡ
Сһ¶ţæѯʣȷ־Ż
Ѿ̧ȥˣ
갵ͷȷʵˡ

9 ƻ
лȴЩࡣ
ԭӦһֱڹԺģֻүٷ˶С꼰㡣
ȴ˺ͷ֪ºǿܻٵĴ˾п಻æСܻص׼ݳ뿪
ʻǰƬһֱ΢лζĲڱ˿
һλԲǡŻȹС˴̽ͷһŨױݣ﷢һٵеľӴԭﰡδôһװѽ
˵գԱ߱һޣ͸ָָλչأ̡
ǵС⿴һۣջߣֱ޵ˣҪؼңҪؼҡ
æɿԱӵݸһյ뱧ţתͷ˼Ц̫С˶ϲЩߣ㲻Ҫ⡣
֣ʾ帣ϲʺ갴ЪϢȻȴӲͦͦվԭأû
̬ƽü䣺ԭްСûòҲȥֻ׷Դˡ
ŭ⣬˹䣺ˣղֳ˵λŻӣʱϳԺʱһԱվſء֪ķҾȥһˡҲ֪ҽûĲϽȥһ𣿡
ǿ˻һ㣬һһ󣬷ѿ
᣿ᣡ
ǹģ
ŪһݺݺؼҶѾԺˣԼ϶ؼңȥοһĳġ
߳һ̧ͷȥͿ̩;¥㣬һλɾ޵ӣһ˫ĿЦЦ
۵׵ķ񣬿ɲɭҪڵķ̸ŵһҭ˲䣬ԭȣһۣŵȥ룬Ҳڲ֪һ亹
С˽ڣˣڿ𣿡
л㱵ӦһֱԶŴ뷽ǿɲӵĺ¾ѹ
߱ȵСͨСӣæŲŲһκڣڽŻͷ
ȻȥŻ֪
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ȣ·ϴ󲿷˶ɹú䤱˫պ
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㣬ΪŮ˵Ļδ˭ܹùثһء
ǣŮһǸѸģŸС޳ţ๫̧ԺҲû˽ӣƽϣˡ
ף۵Цӯӯģãǿӡ
ʺϸ۲飬Ĳ⣬Ц˳
Ҳ͸۲ϵı飬ü΢
ֻ̬˵ҪôĴҪôǶǸ˺⡣
ǰߣ·񣬲ǵ֪
ΪߣǾԵ뵭Ȼ֮
ֻһλŮӣܹջߣ˼
˼䣬ŽѾˣҵĹӽڹԺмֿһ̣ûһ̧ǰ˳
۾˾ͺá
ϵ裺ȵ⼸ϰǾͽ֤ݵݽϣͼǵֻСǯӡ
ͼǣȻ³ǵȻλצǯӣ
Ӧŵֲһ¡ոյдϢ˵ǰգŹȥ£˵ҪΪʵ۾ܾˡ
۾΢Ʋһ
¹ӣҶȴھ𲹳䣺е˼ǣαʵ۾ܾˣǾŹǱߵ̬ȺǼϣǰ⡣
䴹
ô⣬ȻǸϿ춨£ȢһŮ˹ңռӵλá
Ȼ֪ǽضϾŹľ;ֻǣȴʵڶȢ޺Ȥ
ȱȱ⣬Ѿˮ³ϴöݸʺֵܲá
ЦģһĨ΢磬һ˿ζ
ȵУⴰߣЦݣŵоԼɵǼ軹Ҫˬ
Ħ²յžλԽ˵Ĺ۾
ǰܸҪǰġ
һϻʵͻȻһ飬ʱͻ飬Щˡ
ȱȱؽߴջأյһڣ¥ǹ϶ῼǡ
ֻ˵ĸĸТڣڼвܴϲ£޷Ϊ׮¡
ѡѾףֻҪףλŹͲġ
Ūǵھвö鷳
ھѡһλʲôӣ棬۵һĨİɫ

10 
ʺ˻صռңйһ
֮Ǻݺ˯磬ŴӴ̻ùţͱZൽ鷿
ĸ۴ˣȤЦżٹϼ꣬Ҫֵˡ
˽꣬뵱ʮ꿼ϵͯҪһЩʮ
ʱ䣬ֻҪ˲̫Ҳ˼ˡ
˱ظĺˣҿȡͯٶȣȡ翴롣
ﵹǶѧϰЩ˽⣬ЦŴȤȷ
룺ʵڲУ翴롣
ĸһЦ
ЩΣٲУҾͶһ¼£ռֵܣҪ׼Ǻֵܡ
ĸֵ̯Сģָ֣һĶͷûϢ㡣
ҲЦڲǸ׵ĴܺͶܣڳҪĿͷԡ
˵ͷ˾ͿС˫ֱѧոģⲽ̾ϢǵĸһЦ
ʱZλӳ̬ɣӦûʲô⣬ֻһ쿼Ϳٿζˡ
ĸϲĿڵĴʯͷһ룬ʣµһ룬ȴյİ񵥽¯
ԺԽ󣬵Ű
ʱУոѾʺ갵ĳɼ˿϶˻ǻᾭԵľ㱡
һ磬ʺڸʵסľʹ帣ϲȥŰ񴦣һʱȴ
˱ԭֱҾ˵ҲȥͶ綼壬һȥúɰʱˣ㿴ǣúÿǣ
һԱ綺ãС쿩ֱ֡
ĸŶͷԹӴƤɸҰһɣͷۡ
ȵ˹Ȼ֨һĸռ̫תͷ˵˵ܺͶܲС
º͵²ŴܺͶܣҲŵǣ˵˴ܺͶηӲ
ºͣģڶУеĽȴָƽ
ĸŮһ̸µȤºͰԣ֪ģʱ俪ʼ
ֱǰԺĸ͵һվ𣬼ؿſڣôôǲǳˣ
汻ֵܶǰ򷢻ŵϲ˷ܵس彫˽һĸһ񣺡ϲˣԱϰʮˣλүүλԱھţүλʮߡ
ĸϲã̫ˣдϲһȥϲǮ
лˣ
лˣ

ռ˵˲࣬šҲŲʮˣΪϲ£СȴӲӪһظԺ˵ָС
죬ռ˾һ𣬺úóһ١
ȻոĸТڣϵϯ涼زˣһȴõú㡣
ոĸӸһö⣺ѧֹмȴ򣬲ɽ
Ǹĸ׽̻塣
ҲȡԼһ¼Ϊ˸ϹɰЦӯӯϲλŹΪǿġ
л㡣
Цּ䣬ͷ·ЩѹһͷɢȥҲڿʼ˱ͷһ㡣
ZطĸһѾɣٲŬһָͻᱻȺСӸ׷ˡ
ĸ·ŪĵоѾ߽ˮ趼ЦҲˣТ󣬾ͺúÿһһһˡ
ZźЦ
˹Ŀţ룬ЦꡣϨƺĸпЩˡ
ĸ۾Ŵ̾ϢҲࡣ
˶٣ûסԲ䣬Ҳ࣬ҶࡣֻĻ񣬰Zˡ
ZĬٿڣɤѴ˸ɬܣʼմ̽ĶϢ
ҹУþã˷̾Ϣ
һգռҶϲ
ŷ˲ոĸТڣܰϯĸ͸ɴʺһһЩǮԼʲôͬȥһ۾ۣúһ
ֻķΧ£Ҳ֮ǰڳϲׯ¶ƵĹȹ
Ϊ֮ǰӰɲԼͬڴ·֮ϣ˫˫ñ棬̫ңɹЬµ·ڵģҲûл·ȥߵͷ
·ɲ߶ԭţϳűȽΣգԴϴγǼºŶֻߴ·
㻹úܣҲ͵ʱסˣ֮ûֻ
ΪС㶼ûסŵ̫ݣǸС㶪ӡ
Ц
ʱȷʵûŵΣˣصɢǿһŵû˵ˡ
ϲׯλǳСӽеĽӴ
ｫе׹ȹչ㣬ϲɴޣЩ΢ãСӣôоϴǼҪϲ٣Ū˰ɡ
ʵϣǺϲ٣ֱҪ̫ࡣ
µĲȷʵѡǿ飬澫տ幤ԼϸܵţҲôжϡ
С֣ûûΪʱָλ÷ʱ»ؼ̽ȥˣ;һλ÷죬Ϊ˱ʾǸ⣬϶໨Щ򡣡
ﲻɫԼĺɰɿڣǮ
ֻԭ˵Ǯɣ˳ΪϣֻҪﲻʱĶ˻ͿʽС
ֲ֣С˵ʲôռ˴ˡ
ֿȹãɿԱӽµãŵЦǳϲׯǵǸҾϲ
һǼȹѾƯˣһոһ˲䣬뽫ϣֻøǽϵĳ嶯

11 ·
ϲͺãϲ´ξͳ
һ幤Ժ϶᳣
·̫һ·Ų죬ϵЦҲࡣ
ֱ˿ҪߵǶ⿴¶Цȥ
δ¶ĶԽ
ԲԲĹĵģ.˶ͦһӽɣҲЩˡ
￴ڵشλС˴Ӷ߹æͣ½ŲȺж˶㡣
ڵ¶иΣշӣرһҲģǲҪԷǰײȽϺá
ֱһԶȥ˲Ŵӽ˳
С㣬һȥʲôġ˷ܵغЩ٣˵ڳѾţӦø߸˵ĵҫŶ԰ôӣǷǧһ
ҡͷ룬ЩȷĵòǳɼϴκǹģȻ󡭡ڶ·¶ǴһڼҶȥ׽İɡ
ŴͣסؿڣоԼҪ˷ܵ޷
æ¶һȥķӳӣϽ˵ߣСȽͻؼҡһٳ֣һȥ˵龭ʼĩ׼˵ٰʮء
Цҡҡͷ
֮ɹԼٶȽͻؼңһ̶˳ȥ
ĸɼҴȥӰѯʣôǣ
ͽ·Ͽ˵һ飬ĸֱҡͷҲգҳȥֶѣȥգͻСء
˵գͽİ򿪣ϸơ
ֻһۣͱȹϸƺ;ˣؿ÷ģ
ҡͷ÷£һ룬ʣµЩ˼һλ÷ĵġʹˣ·Ǯ
ĸܸˣæңһϡ
ȵｫһᱡĽɴϣĸ⵽Уֱֵһֱ֪Ҽҹÿȴû뵽ÿǰǲ̫㣬ԺǾ
˵ţ˼ԭתһȦ
ŮЦʤѩ̬ʻֵúϲ£죬ֻһص㿴ǶǼ΢ȹȥΣͱһõóֵĺɼԴӽТϾҪתˡ
ŴЦǰĸ֣ɼ游ĸҲڱأܶܳТϰ񣬾Ҳ˺
ĸͷ游ĸǵģɲǵöչһЩ˵գֻϲ˺һȽ·¡
һߺһãһߵϣΣҲ϶㣬Ҳܷˡ
ףһȰֻܷſģϴڴöǩϾͻеġ
Ժغ˵һӣֱĸֶ˿Ц⣬ŷ
ֱɫɲһػ˷ܵΪҽԼ濴ľ˲䣺
ȥʱȺҶѾǹլ˳¶ǰžžžƣֱǹúһ绨߶ˡ٣ϴڴʱҺСƼλ
ûһɼʹ·˳˵ס֡
¶ǳŭ־ָųɼָָ˵㾹ȻҵļױԺͱ͵飿ɼ㻹ûģųɼһٺ
ɼ˵ܹ֮ţǶλĹ¶̬Ҫǹһϡ
˵ɻмִĶԻԭԭһ飬ƶַ֣·ص¶£ɼҲα̬˾׼뿪ĵڣǸĹͻȻһ䣺Ѿ˳ŵĺӡ

ʱըˡ
¶ûһŭ𣬾ͻȻˮ߰˸µĴӣǰ˲
ǱߣӵϢϵϰϣҲϵֳûʣȥ˦˳ɼĸӣøոոֵܽӴҴ
ʣµǸںĹ򱻴ֱൽҽݡ
ȷʵк󣬿ö̥ҩǹȥңҩֱӶǣ˵ŮļţŮ⣬ĸҪȾָģڵʹȣ
ȻǶ̥ѡһ
ǹ˱ʵڿͼǶĴϵžͱ˵ֱȥ˶̥ҩǹһڹȥ
ɹʱǹﻹ̥
Ҳ֪¶ǱǹǱ
ﱻһ۵ķչĿɿڴ
ĸһʼ˷ܾȥֻʣ£תͷ˵㿴Ҿ˵ҿ϶ɲӣǾһˡ
æﵹ˱ѹѹ㵱úܺãۼþԶЩ
ĸɫ𽥺ͻּңΪ׼ңҲһζûӡԾǰҶԳ൱ãȡ󣬹ܳԹסڷ£ǵԺ󳹵׽Ҳȵŵ£ǲȵÿ̷ЩҲ˸Ҷ˵ʲô
ǳɼ˵Ҫ
ֳһƶڣǲٸһ
Ͼ¼ȡϰʱ϶ҲῼһЩӰ졣
ûãʺҲ۲ͻΪӻһϢ¶ûǻʱ򣬻ϵķһȦҸĸ¶ĴŮȥң뽫ϱسû뵽ֱӽСңŶûǿ
ЩϤˣƽûʲôı顣
ĸȴҵùæٶ˵һЩ
ʺ갽ʾ֪֭ǵ˵˱飬ĸδذڰ֣հհգģٳȥ̽̽
ɽظӲҸи顣
ЦõϢʱȷʵЩˣȤǸҲȥעһ

12 
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ＸҪö룬ſڣǴȥɻϺȣ
ʵʵǣ᲻ǶˡϾһλδ׽㣬Žʡʶѵʱ򣬿϶һĻͷ
æƯʱĽǶأôϺȡ
갵ͷ㵱ǣһȥֵطҲء
ָȰһͨŵͷ
ĸЦλСŮгദģҲ¶Ц⣬ĵȻТˣҲܸóȥߣˣʱʹȡ㼸úúÿۡ
գ
ùźһһһԻ˷
ϴϣҲɻȥϢ
ȷڰӻȡλܸܵĺָḧŵ͸解ֽǰϸƣΣЦ⡣
ֻǣЦֻάһֻ䡣
ΪТԵʣѾûȥͼеδŮȦӡ
ʮ䣬ʡǵδŮȦУǻδ׵Ķëǣֻδ׵ġ
ӽģЩ΢Ļֺ̿͵Ĳȴֱܿѹȥ
ܺͶܵĺ֪ԣǵԼһζ
ױ̨һԱԼʱҪõΡ
㲻ܳҲܶ
ԣҵһܹü˼Ҽ޳ȥü˷ģڵĵ֮
գ𴲣ں֪󣬾ȥ˳ҺҸأ̽°ԡ
ҲΪɵĻռڸȫǰҵָ˸ȫ̡

13 
λϱŴ̥ĹңЩӱŲ̽ʲô°ԡ
ǳҺң㷽գҷ
ò˵ڳĸԣİӣҲĲϡ
¶죬ȥһΣԷˣȴգ˵¶Ϊ˸СӣȥһΣٴα֮⡣
ζ϶ſڣ˸ѪͷȻøģλʼնͷڼ涼ûҳ¶һµıŮ
Σĸ֮㲻ٹȥֻڼаο˵»ȴ̥Źɼ
ҶԣǷҲǸ
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һ磬𴲣桢ϴ硣
÷٣ȡԴӳТĸɹ֬ˮۣԾϸϸ档
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ҲĿ佱찡ǱҽΪʲôڼҵʱ򲻸úô硣
Сӣ˭컯ʱױʰǿҲȥվӣƤ
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Ϊ˽ܣǼҽ㣬ΪոսТڣʡǲϵöˣһӰæ·㣬λͬŵã
ʢӣһλһ˫СĿɰ
֮갶˵λŹĺˣһһֱսһǲõġ
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һͨѺ󣬼˸Էֿ
ӨӨһλ൱õĿɰһ뿪ʢҽܣս㣬ǿӨӨ㻽ӨӨɡ
ºǳЦӨӨҲɻ
ұ㻽㡣Һ˵⴦ҵĺɻвٺĵطǸղŻȥźʱڵźرۣ࣬һûסȥһ飬һڣرóԡ
ֱ֣룬ֿѯʣһƬǶˣ𣿡
һʼΪӦöЩŮǷţںҶԴп˼λӣƻмλгܼĹԱ

14 
ӨӨæָ֣źɺȻţΪͣž鶫רΪǲõģߵ˵֪ݴ˽дһЩٳͬţòҪȥȷʵͦ࣬Աӣ߶䣬ûҪŮΪá
֪ŮߵĽӴߣ֪ݼҵλŮ
ӨӨߵһͤλС񣬲໥ʶһ󣬱ɿӨӨŽרΪŮˣĵص㣬뵽ǵС
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ӨӨ˷ֹ㣬㻭̫ÿˣֳ˵̧дªúܣԿԡ⻭˵ü򵥣ȴĺƷⶫ
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οյıѾǿƣ˵ļ벻Ļô룬ԷùֵĸԼ
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ʱ뿪Ѿȥ˺ܳʱ䡣üһ˼⣬Ѱȥˡ

15 
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ΪһƤбδСոĿһˣʵڲ̫˼֡
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ѾԶɽ֣صͼǣһطҲûӵء
ο»ŵĸϾԽ󣬴ܺͶܾԽʱΪڻΣҲֻѡ
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仺ۡŽձﴩϵȹĿϬشеı߽ߵͼ幤һ飬ס
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ؿڣ¶һڴ˻ֻ治顣
һۣЦ˵úСһ
ת뿪ϵЦʧԼղĴƣһ˿Ѫ
ңʱָУҲûеκα󸿵޲ۼ
ĪһǰǸ͵ȡ˲ˣĲ
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֪ݴк󣬱Сǰȥǣ
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룬ǸʮӪлб䣬½ʱ޷μӣֻܱ
ȺϺ꣬Ϊ֤߶˭ˣѾĻ䣬ʧ顣
ô˻նǼ۰򣬽̯ˮ˵Ϊֻÿ
ͯʧ̧ۣȴǸ

17 ܾ
ǿϧֻ´Ե轫ඡ΢΢ɬ뽿ε̽˵仰ĺѾ˶˵ϣһλĹŮѾ൱Եİʾ
ϲֻҪӦף϶ĥŸͬ⡣
Ȼȴ·δֻ˵ͷݱʼʱһºͣôǡ
ͯѪɫʾ΢΢ף̬ݴ̤뿪ĿıϣþòԸ뿪
Ѿת䣬䵽ϵճĿ⣬вȻӿŨ񣬲ΪԼλͯҹŵӱѡϺڡ
Ϊʱڵľڸ鷽棬Էִ֪һ١ٶıﰮĽռԽ˽ĸ飬о
Ҫҵģܹྴ嵭ദģʱҲճİĽͼռע⣬뵽ȫͼָֻŵŮӡ
ͺǡ
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Ϊǣʲôʲôߣʲôʲô鲻ȥ
ҲΪǣ޹ؽҪϣ˷Լİ˿飬ϲֻ
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Լպͼλͯˣ£ûסڴЦܿģʶ˼λɰСѡ
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18 
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ﾲ棬ü΢ǳЦԭ
˵ԭǷɽˮʻµͼһ̶ˮ޲޺ۣ˿űЩţȤ
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Ųһ٣ɡ⣬СȥϳͷǱߣˡ
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պƼһλͷñŮָǣת䣬ƺüĨײᷳ

19 ࿴
³ͷ̾Ϣ
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ڰΪ˵ǶԼ˼λͬڶƷʫλһ´ͼҲԶշбйĸֵˡ硢綼ͯСſеšΪרעԣһֱûжסҲͨЩ߰ģƷ갵ܹ۲пɡ
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ĸԭΪŮѡѡȴδ뵽ȵТԭģȲˡ갵ֻܼӽŬΪ롣
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20 
û·ʲôµ˰ɡʴòɹأ
ףá֮ЦĪΪҶòޣòƤҶѣֻҪδó̫ףҶⷽǲģϾǴҲ㲻ʲôˡ
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21 
û˷ӦɴԼϷţ棬
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22 
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24 
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26 Ů
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质ǴŲ䣺һֱȥݰݣ˳Ϊĸһյơƽһģʱʧı飬Ǳ质˵
갵ǲ޲ɣֻǵǰǰǼи˵һ
æͷӦǻӦģȻȥǱ븸ױ
Ȼ˵갱˳һʣǵλأҪһȥҲȥҲȥܲҪ˱ˡ
ҪǣڴλӣλҲΨһûмġ
质ҡͷܵȹǸսӺã˵ܹµ·ɽֻ껹ǲܹ
ĿˣǱˡ
ֻȴ⼸־ɣҲ֪λδҼЩʲôĺӣһϸ첲һȣƤͷ
֮Ѷٶˡ
质Ǻ质뿪ȥ˵£ЦҲ֪ҪȥݷƣҪȥ˳㿴λĸ
λܵܶӵͷ¼ԣǶаɡ
һãС
ްģܡ飬º͵ӡΪ
ףԸܱŤЩҲһЩѧϵڷܾҵͦ͡Ҫٹ۲졣
ǶܱһЩ
岻ݴǡ
΢䣬¶
һ磬ռʻţȺ踮ϣһǰһļɽʻȥ
ϴɽʱ¼䣬תʱ£ʱɽµͱնҪϺܶࡣ
ǮֵĲ£˹̤ͷԶ质质Ҳոմ£
λЩ֮ܽ꣬һ࣬һºͣƺЩĬ
ʡֶﹰֵչ
ףɽȽϸߣһɽʱ˱㿪ڣ·϶ЪһЪҲż
ǲ̫룬ֻǾΪΣպԲ鿴
æлչ£ǻġ仹겻󣬵коϣӦñԷչɽ
οĥ£Ǽ㿴ݣʵ񲢲

28 
ʱ, 帣Ѿʰˮҡʳȳ߹ºЦȻˣǱ߰ɡ
, ߡ˷ֱܵĸߣűļɽѾ͡
ȺʼŲ质Ǻ质һۡ
ǵλδĸвһ
ƺǿŴŴģܹλ鲻á족
ռ, ɽʯϵ˵ԱձȽϡ٣ȴҲϡޡ
ʰ׶ʱ, ע⵽һЩǳżͶЩ΢Ŀ⣬ЩУԹΪ
һʼﻹû뵽ΪԼֱżȻӼλԼȻ轫ТۣŷӦ, ǿԼĿ⵽ΪΡ
Դ, ֻ۽΢˲, û̫Ӧ
ҲһЩ޹ؽҪİ˰ˣԼǰƵĵ, 黳
·, ʺΪСռ˲⼦ɽϵĵʡʷ, Լɧڴµʫ
ֵĿڲŲ, ˵ʤ
ڼΪС㣬ЪϢ˼ء
ʱ质质Ҳ֣ɽ䣬Ĳ˵ΪۼǶѾЪϢˣȻȫûٺܾȡ
ԣǵλδĸȻģΪԲ󣬸һǶõĴȴ˲òࡣ
һߴڴϢһ߰ԸпܱλϡҪӭȢȥŮӣ治Ӧֻ棬ǷĲһ֮ǻٹ۲۲졣
ɽ㿪ʼֿж
质ǡ质ֵǰȥ㳤ƣֵܵͬ£ȥݷԸǮ
ڵز꣬质ЩˣþõعſϣԸ
Σڵ̴þ۽ǵˮ质ߣͳе硣
质ǿŻֽµֺһбϣѵùһ˿ǳЦ⣺Ҫ㳤Ƶдɡ
ͳɰǰĿƵؿߵСʦǳЦ֮鷳ˣϣĸܹ޶ҸܹڳͶ̥ת
ӷ𡣡С飬һţСɮ֪ˣһΪλĳȡ
质ףҲٶ˵ʲôֻǿֽµһ֣Цζ
ʱԽӽ磬Խȣ˻ϺԸදѰ˴ֻի΢Щɽ
ϴʱﻹɽҰķۺһʱȴѻлҶԴҰ
ռҽ٣пŮǣֱϢ֮£СҲλֳܵڵ£质质໥һۣҲ˹ȥ
갿ƨߵ߸ȥСӣ֮ǰʹ̸۹Ļ⣬ʵо
갻һıֻ֣ѧϰ̬ȵĻ㹻̿ڷܣʵĻԳǸʤһԣǶ˷ĶȽأλδ֮ദЩ裬Ӧǻˡֻǡ
ִֻ֮Щǿʢʱ۵׻¶īȫһҰԣ˲жϡ갽ӿڵ
ʵͷû˼
ʿڴɽĿֻΪǴСӣ۾εҲգȻģЩ꣬ȴٱ˿ӹ
żЩСԼ⣬üƽϡ
ûɾСǣǴܹӦ
ʵϣҲȷʵˡ
ڼ质Ǻ质˹֮Ҳȷʵֻףû̫⡣
º͵ѯһʱѧϰʱ䣬ʺڽ̼֮࣬Ѿжټպǧģȡ˼Σ˶е˳ͷ
н⣿
˸λֳѧϰʱ䳤ͷ质质ʼѧϰʱ̣ǰѧҲѾǵòࡣһʱ仹ѼʽԴΪҡҡͷ
˴־ʼͷͣʲôط˵ˣ;ϣΪĵطһһע⡣
质Ǻ质վһߣռҽ֮ʣһµӡ
һλѧʶḻŮӡ
ʣչһŮͻȻ룬˵̸ۡ
˻ͷͼһλƮƮɴȹɫؿ
ﻺŮһƽºЦǣʹ﷼
Ťٿ˿λ轫׵ľ˼С㣿
üһЦƣȷʵұλ轫׵ľ˼С㣬ʹ﷼
ŮȴǼƾʲôƾ㳤ñ𣿡
ϵЦ⽥䣬沢Ͽҵ˵˽ΪӦΪұò˵ˣѯ˵飬ʹ﷼
ų촽û
üһ䣺ȻﲢԸұֺαǰڨ˵ǹҵĽ
Ůӵɴ۾
θҲģΪʲôҪ
Լ鷳ȻԼ
Ů˿ģû뵽ݶ
һֹ첢ߺ޵ĿѾȻȫı֮޺޵ض˶ţתС뿪
˵ˣ
ֱλСӰʧɲŲС㣬˭ô񣿣
˹ʯϣ˭ҲǰڶΡ
˵գһԷ߷߲ƽˣݸЦܱͣҼǵøոʱѾסˣˣ
תעϵĺɥô㣬ҾΪ˱ⱻסѧϰصܵģôץñǻ
Ц۾ȻΪ֪ܵһץѧץñǻûŽȥ
ˣ㣬׽㡣
质质վһԣϹû͸¶һ˿һί߷ŭȫЦ񣬲֪ΪΣһ˲䣬ǵǰλiغϵһ
˫˫ƿߡ
ԣʲôģܶǱܱλϵģôܻһλ򵥵Ĺ
棬ֱһ䣬ͻȻɵҸո룬㻹ȥܷ֪̽ǹ﷼
质Ǻ质һӾˡ
ҲһӾ˷ˣǣС㣬ֻš
ɻ󣺡㣬ȥǸʲô
ΪͶѡ£˭󣬿ԴۼҵıѡֱӸ˵ղ룬ԶԷϵĴŴ磬ܿܲǼҵĻȢϡ
˵Դ踮׺ýҵ͵Ĺ˲ֹһΡ
ԣһأ
ȢؼңԺжģ
ɲղλðʧС㣬Ϊһλá
质Ǻ质
չ˵еǾԶԡ
*
ڴ½ʱ䣬ҲеؼʶİĽߣڶࡣ
ң⻹ȣɽǰ¡
ղλܵǰѯʡұķ¹ǰ䡣
֮ԶԶΧۡӶ۵ģҲǰģ˵仰ҪɵˣҪģʲô˵ֻ´Ҵβ¶ֲмġ
ΪγţɺǮ֮⣬пͣʱδŮȥɫҪӲ
质Ǻ质˾̾Ŀ£ֵࡣҵǰģºطȥԶԶΧ۵ģֻȨû
质Ǻ质Ĺ۲£ʼգûӰ쵽顣
Ҳ˵ͷβûнЩ˷
нֵٴΰθߡ
ڰӹɵݹˮңССڵšţãҲûࡣ
ʵϣȻݳɫͣİĽֲġ
֪䶨º಻΢илһ£ԶԶΧۻ˵ЩỰУܵǰźݻģȴࡣ
ǣҲһЩ׷ߡ
ڣǰľһλ
λԴǰξ飬һͼǼʱһ
ֻϧʱĸϰõĻ£˵ܣҲ޿κΡ֮λ꺢û죬Ѫȥˣ»ϣ˴˻ڡ
ޣӣͼδŮȦУûһֻҪ޸䣬ΪŮ֦ɢҶͷϡ
ϧиĸͬ⣬ĥøĸ˿ڣէ䶨׵Ϣ㱻ͷ
ƾʲô轫ףȲң۵λҲòͲֻһӮˣ˵ƾʲô轫ף
¹ѾڴºԺŮסУСסһʱգֻڴӣȴδ뵽λеվ֮Ů
ŶԾЦӯӯģϵı鶼û˿仯ΪְΪ轫ϲݵġ
¹
Ȼºݴ˴质Ǻ质
¹ָ˲ֱֱ˻棿ŵصɴ۾ѾЩ
ףϣ棬档
ǰǣһ쿪ʼҲˡ
¹վԭش˰ΣͻȻ棬ӵһ޳ϸӷ˴Լתͷᱼȥӭȵķ磬ҲľС
ԱĿɿڴګګ㣺㣬˵ģ
Ӳ˲ϵĺգǳЦȻǼٵģֻ㾹Ҳš
˱ӾȣǼٵģ˵ȥδ
һֿɵӵĿ⿴Բ˵ɵ
ɻüǺܶղŵɵ֮ʲôϵ
λС磬Ȼ质质Ҳ⡣
ȴ׼ΪǽֻͣڲݵãͷЦϻȥǸױ֪ˡ
ɿΪ򷢵ͼеĴ󲿷ְĽߣ˶λ
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֮棬в˼ȥ̽ѰĿڷ磬õҲǶڲȢ޵Ļش
ȴδ뵽˻ڵʲôʱɿȢ޵ʱ򣬾ͻȻ׵Ϣ
ⲻ˸Ӻ棬ǺԵɣŵͻȻһλ֮ŮףȻˣίѯǷҪòС檵
ںҪС檵ģˡ
˵ϲİ˽ţ˵λĸףڸŸ߸ϵݣʮҲ治תһ˼С檡
ֺαظԼȥЩ˲ص鷳
Ϊﶨ׵⣬ʱֻЦֱ죬һ˵
˵ͼжڴ֮ռҶףΪϲЩģ
̴ľԣһλ쳤۵ľɫ̧üĵвתƶĺҲԨ
īԴ죬ȷʵˡ
˵չ׿ڴ˵ģǻƱ˼¡
ǵģ졣
һָãȥ鷳ĪǺܶࣿ
ݵչһȥµĺں˵ǰǰչǰֳ˱ƵģʮˣֳƵʮˣƵģˡ
ڼ˼ʱ˵ġ
īԴ´˴ںû˵ǵڼֻ˵չΧΧʱ˵ġʱ˵չﻹ˵λСӻ˵϶λСӻظδڡ
䴹еСع.ָһذѹ.еһ߷һС
ֵ
ܹҲ˵ò
ȷʵϲ͡
ĸױͣС̫͵ŮӣԶʱȻˮӯӯȻ𽥵ؽǱ׽ϸƤ޳˴ֲƤ
УλʱͼȾָӸ´.ҩСĸѹһƶλεŹǺȰǣֻҪ΢Ż
ԣϲƸеģҲȷϲ̫ģÿÿʱĿǰĽճռġ
еλŹǡ涼ϣֻŮ͸оԺ޷ܡ
仰ǷʵֻܻشǼɡ
֪

29 
Ӵ», 룬ʱڻǲҪš
ȻδĽƣ鲢δӰ, ˣҲЩˡ
ռұ޵巿Ƽ£Ǯѧϰأ˽ͼеϵλߵ͵ȣÿһ춼ŵ൱ӯ
ڼ, Ҳյ˼֮ǰʶСǵİдŻؾ, ֻżʱŻӨӨȼССۣҲæ͵С
ԼУһͯĹ΢Щ⡣
ʼӵͯڼұ޵ɻؾˡ
ȴδ, ͯǵûз, ֮ͣռ
ĸ﷿в鿴µƽʱ, Ϳµǰһ
ĸŴִַ΢ЩԾͬһ͵ģôôࣿ
оЩЦֹ, 㿴, Ǳ߻, λͯġ
˵к£
δ΢΢, м£Ӧҵֱаݷãҳȥһۡ
ȻţҲ֪ҪԼ̸۵ĻⲢʲôû⡣
ĸҲʲôϵЦǳЩǱ㲻ù
˵գŮʼδйʲô仯ɫ̾ϢǸ߼޵ķգ̶ֳȵ鷳ֻǿʼޣڿᷳ
̧ĸԵĵǣЦôأ
̶ֻȡ
ԱܹռҴĺô鷳ȫֵһᡣ
¼䣬ʺң帣ϲǰ˸ѧ
ܵܳͤس°ͣŲԶҡҷ֡
ķˬϱҵ˿ĪЩҪȥͷ
ȥߡ
ǮֺһʾͬСȥĶūȥҳ׼
ȥիȥЩҲܷʱ䡣
ǹҪڳţūȥΪ׼ñ
ΪΨһĿж˺Ծص𱣻㡢ŵ
￴źЦȴҲδĻԡ
ʱŮǵҿţǰЩŮŲŲĿ̰
ɡһի
իУǽϵĺͼڣﶢǷãԱߵĵԱҹǽϵĺͼ֮ǰЩһǻˣ
ԱͷȷʵԭǽϵĹŵǷٶ棬ٶҸоĻտֻµһ
ȷʵǲЦӯӯؿ佱
ǽϵĻۣתǰԱߵѡ鼮
ǽϵĺͼԱԭȵǷȷʵ⾳Ҳȷʵн棬еˮȴˮ̶ʱ䣬
ָɵذһ鼹ϣ֮̾Ϣ
ν⣬ܹ˳θʱҲһγá
ˣȷʵӦԶ롣
߳ի￴˴һС̯ǰվСǰЦ㣬㿴ҸСľǲر£Ҳʵ̫ˣ֮ǰҲ򵥵֣ȴöƴһΡ
ｫСľа棬ТڼǶνľ𴽰ЦǸˮ϶Զģľ
㡭
˴Ȥ䣬һԶ
ʼֻǽãȴδ룬ֱͣ
ͷͿһλ֮ǰͺϼĹ£ж
չ
ͯ
ͯ𺣬͸ñԼĽŲԽÿǰץס֣չɷ㵽һ𡣡
΢΢˶Էץе֣ŶԷϵȣºЦͯȽɿҸоЩۡ
ͯȴƸûϵᷴأץøǿ׷ʣǱȥԷ¥һ̸ɺã
˵գûشϵֱҪ¥ߡ
޴ֱӴͷϵñ¶ʱڼԽӨ١
ͯһԲĿһ
վ󣬿Ŷλ˫Ŀ죬۵׾һ˿տ񣬱һ飬ҪǰȴͯѾߵס
ͯǹһ˿΢Ц⣬ץҪ¥ߣȴû߶
ͷվԭطδʹǰǰûŲֺ
ЦӯӯĽ˻һͯԼֱϵ֣ЦЩۣʵڲ˼ҾȽֳˡ
棬Ϊ׿˾ˣͥˣҲƳΪһλĹ㣬ȴͼЩСܱȵġ
ΪģһũҹﶼȲ
ˮЩܣֻǰͯģһʮ
ϧ⣬ʱ̽ԼС󣬶ҲûдܶߣͻС˦Ĺ
̾ϢһЦĶԶƱͯһȻ󡭡
꣡
һСġеľˡ
˼ĵͷǱͱȥָͷѾɢܵСľ˼ͯº΢ЦС߲ʵͯЦˡ
ͯ
ȥǻع顣
ڿű󱬵СľͻȻоԼոձָͷЩۡ
ͷһƣ濴Լϸ۰ָϣ֪ʲôʱ˼ǳǳѪۡ
Ŀһ¡
֣ΪʲôֻƤ
üۣǰ׼ס֣ͯʵ̸ǱȥԱҼ̸Σ
ͯ￩һ˿ˮ
ۿŶԷӦԼĿģȴͻȻЩӣ㷵ġ
Է֣ͷ·һֻܹ˾޵ǯһ⡣
촽Ҫ˵ʲôͼǸԭֻǱ˵СľͻȻһˡ
ˣ
ڱ۵ĹУ˲ġ
ͯ
Ҳ̲סһȹھԼϷɱԭǰѾһ£ҲС׷˹ȥ
ûãʱҴҵִҴҵʻˡ
˵ɴ۾ɵ㣿
Цӯӯתţ
ָָĵСƴҵĴˡ
ֿ̧һƬƬС̾ϢЩʵһһɣҸǮ
ȴ˲ʲôǮִ̧ӴнӹԼСƴкʹϧ㣬Ժɱ
ڻûгɳͶֱֹʱڲȻΪеСʺǰشʹ
ºףֻǲʵѡ
˽СƴԼһšСüҵͷͻȻоԼѹɽŵһ죬¨ӡ
ʱҲӦʰϵñϸĺã´ãסС㣬쵲
֮ͷߣ̲סСֹǮûûá
Ҳ֣ϣȰ㣬ϳǸûˡ
ؼҺãؼĸڣҲõĽǻˡ

իĲУλڿλϵˮ롣
质͵˫Ȼָزܹ࣬ߡڽմλȥǱߣȥݼһ̫幫̫幫ҵš
ԱԺڼʱܹŰݷã
·ϣСʵڿڿʣ㵽ʳЪţλˮ뻹ûأͿ˶һĻ
ΪλСһλ质Ϳ·һɧӶ˳
Աߴʼվǻȶû˿仯䣬质Ǻ质ֵСĴ˴գǸ磬磬ոλδĸ

30 
质Ǻ质صͷ
ģžûϵôһɧ
ΪԼѾλδĸ˽ʱ, ԷϾʵжǣ֮ǰЩëë꣬иࡣ
质͸ĭ, ָ˶ǲ˵ѧʶḻǡǡ˫ȫ
ʱҲѾӴջߣ򲻸ŵλӣü΢
͸ղ̶ֳȣ֮һ, Ҳˡ
质ͿԼС֣ɫԱߵʵľ, ʹʹʹӷֺ
ŵ䣬һ˲ľ
ĿȺͣЦţȻԶϰô֮һϣҲóλһĺġ
质ͣ
Щͷ۵ġڴϱ˿궼û־, ֵͷ˿ľͷ, պݺ, һۣһͷܣ
ǿľͷ, ö
ܷδĸǰ, ڵ˼
, űƿ, Сżյһڣ֮Ӳӿʼá
ֻǺȻڵ䲢δʳ顣
֮ǰﵥľĶԺֻι֮ǰˣ۵׷һĨζ
δ޵ϣҲǰȫ
*
һ
ϵİѩƮ˴£ռڶ³ʱ͵سТ
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ڽũ³űһȵĴǣոĸ·ʱ䲻ࡣ
ͼǾ뾩ǲԶǰҲΪոź˾ǱߵסոһǱ߰ŵ˳ͻոǰǸϿ
ԴոҺĸԲһո·æϿһֺ½괺ѩ࣬ոڿŷаܶ
̶ʮ죬ոǱ߻δϢĸԼ˶
ũʮ壬Ԫڣĸһٳ
˸磬к͵ռһۡ
һΪ򿪹ǣһϲ߶ЩմũвɹɽĢĢʮֹĸȹһϣԵ
ˡ

ǴտʼģСһϣһ򿪹ǣŵŨ
©׽жȫֽ̳Ưŵĺ͸ƲһԵֻ֣Ϊͷ
ϣȡѺõš
ռѵǼ꣬ռҵĳﶼһְԲոΪȣľһȺʹήңոԵ˴о
ֱո˾٣˳ոĸ˵Ӿóԡ
һһµţǼľйһ˿Ц⡣
֮⾢룬ӦԵʰɡ
ɴԲĹĵģѩСܽеĴͷ£С㣬ū澸ȡˡ
ǮֵĽ̵һҲ仯üʽԳ˲١
ȡһѾƺõ̲ˣȡˮнݣĸ׷п⣿
ˣū澹ʱĹ
ͷֹʱ䣬ʾȥһڹˮտʼ档
ʮָɽ裬ˮ
ɼѾΣ̲ס̾С㣬Ĺ
Ψ
㿪ʼӴһֱϰࡣ
ʼֻǸݼ䣬ԵȥѰҼӣ֮Ǽ꣬󣬻һǸ͵ĺָͯὫ첲ס
ǵõʱլЩɽϣǻ··߲еʵڶúˣȥͣһԼϰϵ׬Ǯ
С㣬˹δүҲҪġ
϶䣬̣⻰ͣҲδͣףȷʵ
Զ׺󣬾һֱ뱸ޣٳţȴйμᡣ
ĸȥ踮ʱ֮Ǹʱ֮żһȥիʱ֮ꡣ
ÿһΣﶼڿ۲ı顣
֮ÿηֱ𣬷ԼûжκĶͷǷ֮ʱֻο֡
Դˣεġ
룬Ҳ֪λǶ̫ţǶ֮ǰĳŵ̫Σÿμ涼ҪһֵĹ۲죬ΪЩۡ
Ǹһ񣬼길ײڼУҲǸոճТʱǻֵġ
ܿ콫꣬ϸ۰׵ŵˮУڳӵĲŪɢڹˮ衣̳潽Աѵõѩͷһɫζȫļʹ󹦸ɡ
Ա׼ʳкˣѯʣСãүһȥ𣿡
ĶͣҲޣЦҡͷɣΪƷǺæġ
ң磬ΪθǷѣ׼죬ʹˣҲϵĻƽǷ޹ء
ȥԪʱΪռδТ룬һ񣬱ҴҸϻؾӪƽҲ޼
˵Ƕ˲κλϲ֮飬ֻ˵֮ҪԷ棬øԱְѡ
뱣ʳУﲻԾ˸սЩڵ϶˶ţָԿ˿ƽǿԺĸסһ͸ú֡
ڴܺͶܣǽӦǻǵδһȹ
ռҸĸТ֮ǰĸΪ˶¡
ʶһλƷͨеĵճŮĻ¶ºλܵܵĻѡٴΰθһغѡ
ԭĸŶԷ̫ߣЩ̫⣬żȻԷĸ׼󣬼ԷǼĸ̬Ⱥϣּ֮ǹＸΣ෬ǹȷʵն
˸ѧһλʦĵŮĸ࿴µѡҲԼġ
ʱĸµĳ꣬оů˲٣ӨŮѯ껨ƽڣϵ
ﴹЦɬǮ˵Ӫдȣһܸϣȥ棬ܼʱϻѰҡ
ĸһ
˵Ҳδŵһܹôһֿܣ
ֻȥʱ㻻ǼĽ»ȹǼѩ÷ڽֵߵĻӳ£һرƯ
ｿ
ĸḧ˿аĽЦÿﻹ治һܸʮǰ޳ȥǰ˵ˣѾãҾͿʼȡڰڼ޹ȥҹҲ˵졣˵ʲôʮüϹ
ʮޣͶʮޣе廹Ǻܲͬ
ĸ֣жĿŮף԰Ϊ˳ʱŮܹ˳˳УӦ壬ˣҲΪǱͼһͷ
ĸףΪȻ
ҲоԼӹǲТӶȥˣظճТһɣͲأǳЩõģǱԳȥɡ
겻һȥ֣ѾТġ
ĸ££ϵİһӣϾкãһ𡣡
æס
磬ռŷһֱСšеո֮ǰѧеϼǱôݣеģֵܶ׵Ĺҡ
ռҶʱ˵ãռһڳТȺǡĻռҽٳ£갵Ųꡣ
ڰЯŵġ

31 
һո, 갡ֵܣӭ
֣
ʵ, 갵ܣ˵ܡ
ϣռҵСԱ࣬ŮҲδ
ϯ䣬ü۷, ЦĶţż̧ͷЦ﷽, רעᡣ
ߣҲһۣͷ¶ɬЦ⡣
ˣü΢ǡֵŲ, Ц컡
ոע⵽, Ｔ¶ɬı, ۵׵ɫҲûаֱ仯òɬ, ƽ޲
ֱ, ⼫ˡ
̬, ദټǮһ, ϵΪѧϰȺ̬£û
ܹĺլȷʵҪһλŮˣչĸףŮãܺϸ
ռע⵽˵Ļ׷¶ȻĴȤ
ϯ䣬ռҽܼ䣬ΪĸԼ׼ѯֿ֪֪ҸǱߵϢ
俴ϯҲĸʱ䣬ǱӦѾˡĸģٹգͻżͻأʱҶһʱ͵ϡ
ĸüɣǾͺãǾͺáʱ䣬Ҳˡ
䣬ոҪѰ¼仹Ըǰǵĳ飬ףۻҪǰھҺסǰ˹ȥױʿȡ
Щ䲻ȫӹȥˣþû˿©ռ˲òм
⻰ǫ֣ĸ⻰ǼˣŮǰӣǳ綼һˣȻҲϣ˳ǵģԺĸǧ
ⷬ˵׽ҲΪϣĸϵЦⶼ˼֣úúãԺһ˵һ˵
̧ͷ˶漹ֱͦŵİһִۣ£״
ΪѾТԵʣĸвٻʳ
ֻΪθڲѣʶֻԶ˼ӣЩ񲻼ѵл
ԶԶţͷī˾ʲôīϢ¡ʺ࿴һۣע⡣
ȵϯɢīһľ佫ӽӹݵĸǰھʱżȻ̫ҽԺԺеõķӣڶðЧҩȿ԰ƳҩֻһҲбԤ֮Ч
۲ĸɫѣӦвʣӵҩĸԿ棬һƿ֮ǰƵҩԺĸһ΢С˵һȥۻҹʨ
ĸҾϲ
ǣδ뵽ϸĵط״ѾܾΣϲǣһֱ˵׽֮沢ǿףĽǷ
ӹľӣָĦжҽյõˡ
С£ĸ念Ǵ¡
ʺ갼ɫͷǴ㣬ͼؿĸ۽üڲסϲ
Ȼ֪ϲΪĸչ¶ģδĽ򣬵ʼ־һͬ϶㶨ںɡ
´δ֮䣬һġһ⡱֮ɪ޺г
ˣҲͷˡ
ɢϯռ˵Ŀⰲ£ůУһζݵĵദʱ䡣
ͷ뿪ůѾСˣ˶ˣŻߵǰºұῪʼʽ񡣡
ͷӦ֪ģ˵
Ļƽڣһйܲһ𣬿ɻ
ҡͷްҪҽѾ͵áĸԼãȥæԼıǡ
֮䲢δʲôһղĸ飬Զ˼ദģʽѷ˼
һԴռҵ̬ĵһڴһ֮ǰŵǰ㣬ȻҲ֮ǰӦġ
Խ磬ԡ
µͷ΢˸۵ףںз˵ɫ󣬰εͳЦܺá
ֱ۵׶δаֲǧѡǹ
ˡ
ûռҡ
ĸùһҩ΢С˻Ҳ֪ǷãȻþȻࡣ
ҩǲҩڸŴ󻧶ұģȴֱӸ˹⺢ǡĸϲΪۡ
ĸ״̬ҲʣȻˣϣõġֻ֮Ҫ念Ͳ㹼ļֵ
һùţʹˣų仨ƽ֡
ĸźɫĽŮȤҲ֪ܼܲʱϻϲԪǱִֻˡ
ЦǸϲźãڼȹһԪڣû˴ĸŮڡ
ĸǹĶ֣ҲУʹ졣
˵գֶ˺ﶣҲҪܣҲһҪˣС͵СС£ʧ𡢲̤˷ӡ
˺æͷЩȥԪʱҲλֳʹ㶣һʼûе£֮ȥԪкͯ˷°ߣһֵúܴ˲űųһ亹
˶ǶƤĺӣֻʵ
ֻܷĺˣ˭ҪǸ뿪Ҿҧ˷˺ݵĵ
ɷн¸ͣûҧ
ʺ갱һЦȥɲôʵɼ˹滹Ҫһš
˺Щˣ˹ֽһ˵һЦ֡
ĸĸ첲żÿǵģĿᡣ
ոլӾ뻨ƽֵ΢Щ룬ڵƬƽֶȥ
һ·˿ҼһſڶɫʽĲɫе޽װΣеë׺еֱӹҵ˿񻨵ƣƳɸֺɻĵ״ʷ׳ʣǧ
ſڣҲ˲ĺ䣬СӶͨҲԸһһ̾ͯͯúǻ֡
Ľֵ࣬šţҵĶǵƣŵƽʣַǷ
С͵ĻơơƣҲйǸƳĻ֡ͻȺ漼ǵĻǳ
ռ˴ʱԼ洫ݹⲻʱž£һ˵á
һ˵̲סŴƣƣĻҪȥƯĺƯ
Ҳס̾ȥѹỨһյرɽƣҲ֪ѹĻʲôģ
Ž֪ݴΪ׼εĵƻᣬصشӾ˼λʦӦȥյ˵֪Ϣ
˿ϳͷͣãʵ帣ɣһȥɡ
ϳͷƾܣܾΣ˼ҳ룬ЦӦ¡
һһƽУûΧɫѤĻƸλۣûһռ˱һյơ
Ϊ˶Ȥﻹѡһö޼ķɫߣ㣬ǽãҪһġ
￴СýεģŴЦŵͷȻвʡ
һʼĸ˵ǰ㣬ռҹһƽˣϧദÿһʱ⡣
ͼеĻ̯λǰһͷͷϻµգѲѡ
ԶԶδޣתЦұһ£ĸףÿġ
ĸͷűԼ߳ٵĴӣЦۣȥȥɣСЩҪʧ񡣡
֪ˡ
˵գ˴кռҶ顣
ԶԶŲԶλŮƵŮӣϸüͣܵĿ⻹һ˿ײɬ

32 
, ҪյõĻƣҪյõġʱֿʼ
ջߣ˳ָķȥ, ЦţȥƵգȡΪֵ⻨Ƶۿۡ
յٶȺܿ죬ûһͽ￴еյ¡
˷ܵػһŵĵݸѾߣӹΪӮõĻƾܵ߳ҫ
ʱδѾ뿪, Ӱ䴽, ׼ĸ˵ʲôһĺ𣺡ս㡣
ڽȴ㲻Ϥ
ɵػͿһλ羫µĽСŮͯϲСܹ
һܿӼеȡλŮͯƵӰºЦOO
ͯOԴһǰھ˾˼Ҿٰͺ, һλܹ׸Ĵ, ŮӵĶͲĳֵı仯
ûʱ, ͵ȥϰΪ˺ָܶ׶ϧ
, ѧ, ʱڳСҲѧ
ÿʱ, ͵͵ؽԼʱĵá
ϧ, λΪкƤҲôֹֻһ˽չڶһȥܹϼЩóŤŤ÷ͦЩģͺ޽չ
ʱнһֻÿﶼ˵սڱޣ޷롣
ʵϣԴ䶨ºͼ˭Ҳ棿
ȥ轫δ޸ԼСֻҪǲ𣬾û˻ɡ
οͯOĸſŮӼҼңСʱһҲͰˣۼŶѾˣǧٹѧ£ǽλչЩȽϺá
źͻСһʱҲˣȴû뵽ͯOѾͷȷʵСȴ
ⶼۼŹȥôˣȻǵһ֮ԵտǰչӰûӦʱͯO˦ˣǱ˹ȥ
ս㣬㵽ʲôʱװ׺ҹ𣿡
ͯOһֱǵ˵ģ֮ԲΪڱޣڼɢŵĹҷͣѿʵ
ԶԶЩΣɫЩá
ͼУ轫λδ޵˽⣬Ҳ˽ڶڽԵ֪ԼɵŮһھһѾʮ࣬ҪʮĹңʲôʱףͲǽãǵˡ
æ̧ۿȴЦⲢδжٱ仯ֻ΢΢ӣͯOŻаɣȶ󣬾ɺã
ͯOüչｫĳƺɽתΪ̣Ҳûк⡣ֻһССһ涣ɱˡ
᲻ᡣ
˽̸һ䣬ŲǰСŮ״еչﲻҪ⡣
ŵĸף֮ǰڳׯϰͺ֪ݣΪƷξٽҪ͡
ﻹδʽţȴҲܹġ
Цҡͷ񣬋OOҲ롣
ϸ飬˵ĲΥ֮ɳһչﲻͺá֮ǰһֱڼгҪ㵽棬˵ڼұأóţ˲ܺ档ʱҲһ˵뵽СѾͷȴһꡣ
˵£ҲЩΣֻϲԣ󷽣÷˼Цˡ
ûûУOOʶҲԵ֡˵ţžѸٽתƼջƽеļֵһ۵ص㡣
űǴҹ㣬ºͣľߺ̸֮ʮ˼򵥺һΧʮǢ
ֱǣͯO뿪ĸ߹ʵޣ͸ղСʶ
ףһǰ֪ݼׯʶģǲرɰ
ȷʵĸңͯOʧıӰЦ֪Сôϲ㣬ʵͿˣģպҲܸҸ
ЦʱۼһТأҲǹϵ׺˼ңóóȻҲáбҲǷæԺȥǱšպ踮Ǳ߻λСʱҲȥ෢չλ
ĸҲǣŲԶһֵЦŴȤ龫
վһԣСǧԲȥһ磬ֺĸѣɴͷ­
СȻС㡣
Ҫѧϰĵطкܶࡣ
ڻ̯λǰһҪǺ«˸˵ˣһ飬ʳȥ
ԶԶأ￴¶ǱǰһЩȴԱҪԲ󡣴ʱǣһλСŮ뼸͸һǰ濴ơ
ĳңǱθڡ
û¶Щļ֧ţҺܿɽգûӲʱ
ɼףѡ
¶Һ󲻵һ꣬ͳĸ׻Ǵųɼҹ˴ԭλΪ̥Ѱ˼ңתͷϳɼѦֻڳҴ˼£ͱɼλ㿼ţȴֱͦ˵Ÿ˼ţûñԶ޳ʡǡ
ΪΣڶԷǰʹĸת·ߡ
ȺУ¶У뿪ķ򴽣δ
ʱ佥ƽϵվԽҡ
ĴţѰ˼ԼδҲһȻżֱȥȺѰˣͼϺЩã㣬ôˣ

££ϵĴ멣ϤʪУһʱЩΡ
ָ㣬оʱЩƫ硣
졣
룬ڴլȥû죬ڴѩ˻
ҺæµոҸϿæµĸǰǰ󲻽죬ϢҲδϢãǰҲϡ档
ֻϣմ׺дѩĶϴ
Щ˼ص˵ͷʾԵһ¡
ʱ߹󣺡㣬㣬һٰȥӮһյƺòãյ״滹кȿѵġ
Ա߲СãǶԿңҲܸӮġ
΢.ӣȷԼŵĸоǴһ£һΣ
ֲ֣֪뵽ʲôϲ֣㣬δҪ𣿡
ºףȷʵԴҪ뿪һ¡
ˣ㲻ٲȥīʫˮƽ
ԱߵĸĻش𣬾ϲѯʣôҪ
յϽԼ˵һ飬ĸϧհհգϳȥ·СЩ˶٣ֲ䣬Ѱ㣬һ˵ġ
ЦУһóǡ
*
ϳͷɷŵոſڣÿ˽ȥָյظϡ
һص뷿ɾȼش¹ΪȡɾϣСȻţȥ潫ĻŪ
첽󣬲Щˮ̫ˣоֶ챻ˡ
ϡ
ɹϷţ¶һߣа׵ָڰϵ̿ϣʹ⿪ȴֶס
ıǼᶯ겻Ծ
Ѫζ
޵Ѫζķ䡣
һʼûô⣬ֻΪԼϴġ
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轫
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33 
Ծ·Ķӯ, Ӣˬأ󰵺ɫ۽Ȼ˦, ˲һϸѪ飬ŨѪ֮
ĿߴʪŨĽۣŲղſλµĲʴػƿ
ǻƿҲ˲ѪҺֲоⷿеѪŨЩ
ǰ˷סҪҽȥϴλ򴦣߽λй
ҡͷ΢۾, ƣãµ, ˣ˽ҩ

⣬ȻҩΪβ罫˿ڴãܵķϡ
ƺ֪룬Цʵ̫, ں˯һ, 㷿ĺҲࡣ
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˵, Լϰĳۣ, ڳȥԼһ£
̧̧ģȴ˷ܲģʵڶˣ鷳ްæһ
оڵЩ֣ȴûж룬ֻ򴽽ǣ΢գһ¡
һ˲ƺ˺ַܶ࣬·ʲôû룬̧ۣǣ˸оްĻǱѰɡ
ĻشЦҲ룬ʵûˣȥ㴲һ𣿡
ԵȡȻѾ¾Ҳī첽ߵ¹ǰӵײȡһɲµİɫ졣
ĸרΪ±Ůʱר棬Ūõġ
ɫС̵ϣߡ
һأͷ·һɥʧȫһɵڴϵİ±ϣһĵͺߡ
ŴŮӵĶ㣬üֲ֪뵽ʲôüչԾŲ壬˿±ϴ˲䣬ع𴽽ǡ
۾գգ²԰׵ӣΪκ㡣
˵Ľҩۣﲻɫһֿ˴ϵһۣԥؽѾѪ͸¡
Ѫ࣬Ϊβ紦˿ڡΪʱŷǵ͹˶ԷĳѪ
šѪ
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Ϊϼϸ˿ڣҲΪϽصһƬƬ¾ɰ̺ۡ
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Ҳ֪ҩʲôɷֻ֣ȥûһ˿ϵѪҺۿɼļûһֹͣ
һҩ۵ҩЧܸ紦ҲѪԵſںϣĻƿѪˡ
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ڴϣڴŮӶܰİΧ£ǰ
һ˲о￴ڿһڶŮѵĵһУһϵ⡣
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֮ǰ׻ȥԱߵĲ䣬ԼѾЩʪȹˡ
ƿǣֻˮûʳ
ɵС㣬ô죿
﷭ԱߵĹ۶˳糿ĸͷʣС裬ɿס
µɣЩҰѹеˮȡ
õģС㡣
ȡʣµţһ㿪ʼ档
ͬһʱ䣬Уվڴǰ½飬룬ֿڲ䣺Ҳչ֮ǰʲôȽϽãڻʱϵ
ǣˡ
Ϣ뿪һ߸Լ泩Уһ߿ͷϷɫĹŮӴ۾
˵ȷʵԵʣѡһͽĵصսܣҲ˳㱧̽͸ĿĶ
俴λδ޼ƽʱܹ侲ǣϷֺңȴһˡ
ʱһֵɬ룬ͿٴξԷһһǰԼ
Ȼع۲۵׾ȻʼƽûаɬĶͰĽ
֪Էʱʲôģ
֪ݵͺΪֺ˵滹򶨵ģĶȴ˷ۺɫ󡣾ţѾͷѿڶѪʱҲ˲ͨ졣
ֻղں͹ϰദʱɫ䶼δ
Īǣĥ
˭ĥأ
֪е轫ЩʲôѾºã˷䣬һԵİϣڴϳԣԡ
ԡ
뿪ַ˼Ѫҩ˿ڷҲó޲ã״Ѿ˺ܶࡣ
.´ȥǰʱעһı飬üһ
תͷ¹񣬴ӹȡһºͶ񣺡֮ǰΪ׷Ƶģûϡ䣬˵˻ǹȴʵů͡
ײŸոˣɱš
˳ǰһСһڼʮ䣬ҪҸôÿͥλ͵ķ̫ѡ
뵽ֳԲ䣺ʲôĹҲҪ塣Ȼˣ͸Ҫעãǹӵܡ
üһЩȴô򣺡ǻʲô˵Щ
ûƽȿڣΪԤԼǰعѵ顣
䣺
Ʋͷؿһۣӹе´ϣǼЩ̵ĺɫëӶǰӣ˹ĵһС
ڸкζЩϤ

34 ˳
ü, ˱ǵļ棬ȴδһӴӼмζԴͷ콫ͷҷ, ͷһڽһڵس
ڲ˵Ҳһѡһ£ۿǰгͼ
ò˵ʲôƯ
ڴһŮʽǰſڳ, Ҳÿһÿһ, 뻭
ڹĦĽǶȣȴԽԽϤΣù󣬲֪ʲô̧ͷ֮ǰǱߵ´
һ£ҼլǱ, Ӧ֪
Ǽ֮ǰ¼档
˵ʮǰ
üʱ, ͷȷʵ, ʱгϵ, صµլס, ʲô⣿
Ǳֱ, ֱֱ
ȼɻ, ˲üۣпû£ζࡣ
ͷʣµ£룬ֽʣµļ꣬߻شߣŴѾմȾ˲ѪĺɫСɫضһ£ڸɾһϣڣϢһԺ뿪㲻ż
￴ʦͨѧ±ȷʹ÷ҡͷ¡
֮󣬹ȥ´ٴλʱѾӰ
ڴϵ±ˣͷղŵһжһ㡣
ǣ
첽ڴº¹зңΣ̶һϱһ˲ľ΢
±أ
轫ˣ˳±˰ɡ
ɶ
*
֪ⴲС챻Ӿ;䣬뿪ʱ˳
ԼȫǺġ
ʱϵѪⴲСӸصǰ߲ҵѪڷУȥϴҲ鷳ȥȻͷٸһµġ
ص踮鷿ʱӦûլºܡ
ֽӷһԣ㲻˵ҪԺ𣿡
ºϵѪζ·شӽ̳Լҽҩ䣬ʾԷ⿪֪жʵڲģһԼѣŪʧѪҵøϽʱӹλãִ֡
佫£ЦѪѣôѣλеõȡ
ҸоôȥһͲ̫Զˡ˵ţºܾһ̾Ϣ
˵ʲôͿ䣬ýĺɫС˸ɾ棬̵鷿ӲľϣȻȥ
ºסˣѿڶǣúõô˴Ůӵ±
սʱûע⣬ȵеС챻һչѪԼԱҪСĴС״жϳⴲɫСľݡ
ϴ.ڷеľᣬˣ
˵Ķһ٣Ӳͷʲô±
ºĪǺƢΪͣŮӲÿ¶һοˮΪ˷ֹСĽµıŪ࣬ͻר׼һɫ±ֹÿϴ
ͷ
ȻɸŽȥ﷿ʱ˵һ䣺Ѫô
ʱﻹһȥҧ⡣
ԭô¡
˵Ϊʲô壬û죬ǸʱȻˣüչоԼƽһѽ⡣
µ±һߣڱӲľϣüĿϽʼɡ
ºʱҲȻʶʲôʪëһԣЦ
СӸò᲻֪ɡҲȷʵ⼸ÿ¶ҪԼѪĲҪƣȷʵӦøԼһ±ţǸÿ͵͵ΪϴѪ¡ѪС˼ٹ
ɫ𽥷ڣЦò⧲һ߹ȥʹһֹЦһ۾ȥ
ֻԺвȻʼ˼±ˣʲô
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ȷʵЩ
û±ڴ϶ЩңΪ¼꣬⻻ϵո´
¹зһǿҵ±ССĽڴϡ
ֻţԼ˯СЩһɳȥ˽ȥЩϺ޻һպûܸ˯ǰʹá
뷨ϴϺ󣬾ͳ硣
Ϊû±ȱʧУ˯˯ò̤ʵһҹ
գʶոջСĵض˶һ˯ˡЩӲӡ
Щܵһ˼ڻأͿŵܽɫޱϣ֪ʱŰɫС

СУϸŲϡȷʵİɫոû˿ɫ˵ΪԼ±
ʱẰС㣬𣿡
ػһŽǴҴϵĺɫСã溰ɣɡ
æƿ˽½źںá
ﴲǰķɫϼδҲûǰ÷С㴲С˯ÿɺã
룬ѯʣɣ㳿н
ҡͷδҲǸոչǷʲô£
ﴹֿԱߵİС£ֻ˯μѯһ
ɳһϲƣӦ¼ͬ죬СΰѼŻϲ£ͷСһ˳졣
㰡Ǯһ࣬ԽԽ˵ˡ
ٺ٣ɲ˼Ťһ£СڿҪ
ֿԱߵС챻ԭЩ뵽Ѿ֪ߵǴС챻ʵ;ܱԭӿ˿Ҳ͸ŵˡ
ˣҲʼ
˳߱˳ߺˡ
ңֻƵʣָԼҪ±

˵գһϵĺۼ´ȥ˾
һؽϼ𣬿ϵո±ųɵظĲϡ
ɻС㣬ô±֮ǰĺЩͬأһ㡣
ɫ򶨣Ӧ㿴ˡ
ͷϸһǰ±ģֳ˼ǵǺɫģϴ΢Щɫʲôӵģ벻
Īǣ±Ǿӭˣ
ȻŶһֽС챻𣬼ģҲͷе˿Υ͸Уʰ졣
ˣ
һֽǴɫСץУѵⲻԭǴԭǴأ

εȡϵİȹʼˣ˵ءȥˮɣ֮ʰ꣬Ǳȥĸ밲
ףû͵˼Ҳûжʡ
ֻǵȵź˼ղŵǴ±ǲ֮ǰǴ
ǰ󲻶ǰɫ
ɫϵЩ΢仯
ԣɫб仯
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󣬸ŻΥ㣬۾
ÿ˺Ͼͻ̰泩ˬС
˼˯εʮǰĳ졣
ξУǸʮǰ¿ӹǮѾͷڵģغϡֲʼʱ͸оЩ죬ԭȻ
ʮǰͼ޿̣ƻܵ£ȷ˻ɵϡĸҲҰú󣬲ŵ͵ضȺ뿪ͼǡ
ڼΪڲټ⽫ԼŪǱóͷ˿סӡ̵òƫƧС·߹ؽȴ뿪ͼûãʧһƬĴɽ䡣
ʱɽе澭鲻㣬Ҳиˮңȴֲ˼졣
ִŵѡһ죬ȴһֱûпɽϣظԼĹĵĺɰһŴ£տǾ
ΪҪҪԴزۣϾҪӭʱ㱿һཱུİСŮǰ
΢һҸݹȥˮҡ
ȱ󣬲Ŵ󷽷سĺɰڣҼ𣿡
䵱ʱѾˣǺڶѾɽ߲ȥͶԷʲôϵ
ԣҾ㱳ȥ㵽ҼСŮһָ˹
飺ԣ
ҼҵȽϹ󣡡
˻ƣҲԣ
һһ롣
ѾȵУԣ
ϣ㽫㱳ȥ

оղŵ仰Ѿķȫ
һɢʧ

35 ξ
Ƿ·Ҫʱģ, СѾͷСشӻͳӲıӣǿ˵漢
ʱ仹, СҲ߰Ҫһʮ꣬ƵЪҲ൱ǱһӵǮĲ
ȻͿСѾͷȫذ뿸ɷɽ
߻һƣӻֵ, Ͱʵڽųȳ, 첲Ҳȶ̣ܽߣأ
װ˸ˮ䣬Ǹʱ۵ޡ
л㱼䣬֪˶, СѾͷ, 𽥷, װһģص, 溰ܶ, æ
ξĻ濪ʼģ, ֻԼǵ, ӣ治ֵһӡ
˵󣬵أֻһҶӡ
Ϊ֮ǰ̫ˣϹѧõ֪ʱȫ£ʣ²٣СѾͷһٸ˳ԡ
ҲֻǵֶصľڸУн
֮ξ󣬳ԱСﶼԲĿڸС
֮ǰֻΪӦԼʱˣĴԹ֪ˡ
ۡʱСѾͷȫ̶Цеģ˵ºͲϸϸûʲôƢǮȴһҲ
ǸӵСƭȢؼңͷԼԡ
´ϵѪٴεתڴϵĺɫС۵˼
Σͷϵīŵ˽
ү
佫ߴԱϵ±ջأһ˼⣬˽ǴӲϴˣ⣬·˽ǰٶƵġ
ī⹧Ӧǡ
һСӦϢ£ò˵
뿪ϱ㽫ϡ
ǰһӷУֻһڣͷոʱԵкܴͬ
˼ҹ˵ѶϢԼΣִ̧֣Ա߽ó·һ顣
լޣָ档
ʮǰʱʮ꣬йĸҶϡҲռһգֻĸǱ߿ɫ
ԭ׼飬ƾˣȻǱߵСĸȴ˼ҹأҪв֮¡
ʱ䲻ȴҲǣٰƺ͹ȴδ룬ŮȻ˹
ҩȡֶΣ伫
䵱ʼնδһٵĳŮ۵׵ռȴԽԽŨ
ǿסѧһͷ֮˵Ϊӡ
ֻϧĶţѧŶ˵Ķغ˹ģȴǸˡ
ûзסҩˮڵⱲӳԵĿļޡ
жԷġС飬Լںչ¶Źǰ壬ÿÿöŻ
ЩԼǼ׬ȡǮĸ·ţ˵Լ׼ȥ߹شӾ
ˣȴһֱͼδߡǱһ£ȵͼ˶֪ѾĬԼ뿪ͼǺ󣬲ųŮǰǵ˽Ǯ֮زز
һɱˣŮ˵շ˲ˣ˺ҡȴҲһηܹԼǰ㳩Ⲣ㡣
Ϊ˷ֹ˿ϳ䵱ʱװ棬;ֻС·ɽ·߹ضȥ
֮¼䣬һɽ·ֱǸСѾͷǿһع;ִ߹ز˾һ·͸
ȴδ뵽תתٴһȢΪޣ
ûǴеǸѾͷȻСƭȴѾ治ɫʱΪһӣǻ˼ס˼Ǽǵ
񵰣ȴԼĸ׶λܵܳŶ
ˮ̵㣬͵͵ǽǣҪȥļܡ
ǸѾͷĻҲ֪Ǽδ˱ԣǱΪӸѾ۾
֪ΪΣֱӦǺߡ
˹ؽ꣬ʾС˽곷£һߴ׼ĸ밲һţÿԷ磬֮λԽԽߵĹƭ˶֪
һƭԼ˵νĳѪҧͲЦ
Ĺ
ʱΪĻ£ĸѾʼޣľʯʯ·æҵϢ
λСĸϳԵĿǵһȴһ
˱߹غ󲻾þ𽥷֣ÿһŮˣʼֵöôаȻһնλСһ޶ճģ.һδαޱ߷ŴվǶʧȥ
Ϊ˿סԼòЩŮ˾Զ֮
ǣУȴǸ⡣
ɳһ֮࣬Ҳڴ
Ҳ÷ǶһҲǿԳɸҡİɡ
ոﲢ֪Ѿıʣʱϧ˳ϦദĶʱ⡣
ʱһ£ռҵ㿪ʼ
ĸʼҪͬʱ񣬺ʹܡܵǰ񣬼кæҡʶϾʱʱոھǵĴһԺ踮ѽƽεһԺ
³ţдǿʼ
ռˣһ鶼ܽš
ȶʮ˹ȥдѾȻͼǲǾڶڣҲ޷֪ɼ
ֱʮŰݷã˴Ϣ
ϲĸھдǵнʿжʮ׼ԡ
Ե棿ĸһ
˵ǼѻصڴǣոʱҴҴͼǣ·ʱȷʵţϢãӰͿ״
αǣĶȷʵЩѾ¼䣬¶Ҳ˿ů
ոʮߣĵֿԶһЩ׳ľӣȴδ뵽ոξȡ˲׵ĳɼ
棬ΪѶϢû΢Щͼߣ󣬱бϲš
ռ˴ϲ
ʺ갸ۺĽ
ĸӲ۽ǣǰ˻ڻο
ĿⲻɫԹƵһ˿
ĪоһͷЦ
Ϊʲôоﲻԣ
ռҹȻӵͼбϲۡ
һ죬˽Тȥռңڳٴ죬ָߵķʽع˵ߡ
ռæµд֮࣬ҲڵȴյĵԳɼ
ռڽţ踮ڽţѾѡڹб޵ľŹҲڽš
¹عҴ£Ȩ֣ǲעһ
Ǹ˵ŮȻõѾõķĸ׾÷ӳɼãؼȥǸɥŮ
ոţոϰ̼ܲһεˡ

36 ׼
ϰ֮ѳɶ, ġ
Źֻؿո˳˳İ˳˳زμ˵ԣڽ, ۾죬õսûסḧؿڣһͷ˹ȥ
Ա׼ʱŮæ˴ᱧ𣬷ԱߵĴϣͱ, ǰѨλȾŹѹԺ, ׼ʹȥһΣߴŮѶǾӦĻ˼·ˡ
ŹһŮȽأæס, ãѯʣ, һϻ, 뱾˵˵Ҹô
Сؽ²Ź, ˮȥ, Ų, ˶˵, ײŮ׼ҡ¹Ҫϳף轫ǱҲҪϳףūΪץʱһλһɵŮ޵ȥԵ轫Ķݺݳ
ߵһλǹһݵĶӣδλ轫СȢعϥ£ʱ޾׵뿴ãܿá
ŹӣǰȻ⣬ͷ··ˣѰԼδܶķ򣺡𣿡
ȻܣΪΪ谮ľŹ£ôܣ
Źؿڣؼѹ£˼ŴŮѡ񣬰ǻӰɣŮʹ޵踮Ҳ轫ۣӽŮȢҪ쿴϶Ҫ
ڹŮ
ѾȢؼˣ˷ŵӴϣԼڷпǼ˼
빫ۼޣûд轫¼е̬۾ݺݵͷԣ轫ڲԺŮǿ쿴϶ܿ
Ź򴽣ձһĨ泩Ц⡣
ֿڣҪ轫Ůûм̳еľòֻ̳еԲô죿
۾ͲȢҪȢȢ轫һشն
ŹڸоԼ˳ˣһ˲䣬оԼ轫ִ˺ܶࡣ
ԭֻ轫òûϲԼ̬仯󣬾Ź૸п
λŮ棺ȻΪأֻԶԶۣжĸ顣
죬ĻҳҪоһδĶӻ᳤ʲôģ
λŮ׷һ
ǵڶλΪĿȤˣȥǷǳλӻг
ˣǷ׷򷽲ŵĴŮݹȥһ
˼ǾŹĸȴֻͨŮ
Ȱ˵ˮƽ辶Ч
ɫյ߷źãŮŻǰ빫һŬδСӵĳ࣬ع
ľŹߣæµҵһ졣
*
ոεĵԳɼһ㣬Ա֮ǰڻеĳɼ˲Ƕ֮С
ѡٹУոٰ֮£˾ٻͼǼ丽ԱԿɡ
˵ʱ·ŵԶЩܹõĽռ䣬ѡٵѹҲСЩǰʱ㣬ٹҪųˡ
·ŵԶˣΪ͸ĸѡ빬Сѡþ͸ӣ˸ıޣԼһ֮ظϣ۵С
лͼǲû죬˵½·Ҳһ
ԣڽԸȥʱոûڴԼõһùλǾǣǾ뾩ǽϽͼǣţѹϴĸǵСС
ȴδ뵽ȵչٽȻ̫µƷ
λ˵㲻ϳˣȴҲƫƧλΪôǣ浽Ӽĵ֮û̫ˮֻھӡŽӼӵ޴־׽ʿϼѡ
Zɵؿȫλһͷȴҡҡͷ
岻ǸƷ佫⾩ҲֻˣôΪŹְ
ԣТ֮ãྡڱӣ
ռңոѡٵϢǾϲǰ
ĸո˸дţ̾Ϣ㸸׵˼ǣףǼұҪǨǡ
ʺ갵ûʲôȢӺ뿪ͼȻЩᣬȴϲá
ֻǣ˿ʱ֮㲻ˡ
ﹴ˹ǣҪݸһЦȴڵľֱЩѣһĸУǶˣһǵġ
ӴúúãɵŮû¶û¶ⲻܵܶףõȵأޱ𼱡
Ƶһȴоˮ㶼Ҫ
꣬Ҳ̫Щ
׻ǣ޳ʡ
踮ʱռƸ൱
һ꣬ĸû¶ʱͻﵽСۣˣĸĹϵû㲻
踮ƸӺﻹССسһ
δҲЩ̫Щ
ֻǲ֪⵽ĸ⣬⡣
ĸڿƸʱҲЩ֣ϾЩƸԱռ׼ļױʵЩ򱡡
ޣŽƸԿһɣʱҲЩǮ㸸ھǹһլۡʣµĶȥ踮㿴У
ʱҲױӿ̧꣬ͷĸףˡȻƸǱ㶼Ǹռҵģĸ׿⴦á
ʱ¹أռҽЩƸ´󲿷ֻ֣һСֳױޣҲûС
ϾһЩ˼ҶԣܲܽŮʮ꣬ʲôû׬Ҳ
ЩĸҲֻڳ޵˼̫ߣЩ岻ˡ
⼸ĸһܼңڼе֪ʵδʣ̫Ǯһָ˽ϿʣµðԼļױܺͶðһƸ񣬻ûȫð룬δʣ¶ټҵס
ռҵķʱ䵽׶Щ
Щ̨£׽ھгڷչҲԻЩլӣʱλܵܡһסҲܿЩ
ĸ֣òã㸸˵ˣҲһھгڷչȽСùãܻҲ˵
ļ£ĸƸɣйլӵǮ룬ܶһƸǮ
޵ļױУԭƸ߳ɣټռԭΪ׼ļױѾǷ
ͼУҲΪ۰Ů˼ҡ
ոΣ˼ڻصͼʱʱѾ¡
ոĸ¡ʮ֮ǰ˼޳ȥŮ˵졣ˣոԶھǣͼĳҲɵ
ոϻͼʱѾֻʣһ
ӣ֮ǰ̶õڣʮ
΢ȣǴů֮ʱ
ڷԼһʱ䣬ơ޸ĺõļ£ɺǮΪϸۿЧ
ԽţɵЩ֣С㣬ūôоѺЩǲˣ

37 
ָ˵ͷϹ˵, Сҵ㻹ôһĴ
ŶһЦ, ǿĴ
ԱߵǮȴڰü£ҶһǴȷʵ֮ǰЩ֮ǰʱԤߴ磬ԲԿɡ
˵ɵòԣĿ, һۿǰ
ɵɴ۾
СԴӳ˺, ;Ҳûб仯ˣ
Ǯֹ۲ɫѯʵڲǳʲô뷨˵ūꡣ
򴽣β̧۶ǮЦЦ, ĿڣֻԭΪ, Լʹ, ͸ĸסһУ಻̫Զû뵽һת۸ѡ˾, ǽ׺, ǱҪǨǡ
ֻҪһ뵽ԺѼ֮֮ļ, ͸˲, θڶЩ
ǮһÿҳǰٵġλԶˣ޵ʡҲԵԼǼ޵ʡң֮մ˺˵ĹְҲǲܱ䶯
Ǯ˵ͷͷǵĲɵصͷ
ֻл̲ס̾ԭȾͲ̫Զͼ࿴˼ңȴδ뵽ȷʵͼв٣ȴܻǨλá
Եʻ᲻ĥԤеԵ˰ɡ
ۼҪ޵ڣĸСĶԽӰ룬Ѿ˵ĿӨӨ̽Ρ
ǰ죬Ůױ踮̺ϲɽŮӭȢ
ڼǰһĸ﷿䡣
ЩռҵǨ˵ǶŮæµ֧ŵӰŮ̶ѩ׵ļĸһʱЩ˸С
֣̾ޣЩҲǼж㲻ס
뵱ΪŮµǸɼ֮ΪТûжʱŮܵЩѹĸ͸оۿһķȡ
ۼܹ߼޵轫ǼΪˣΪ㵣ǡΪ޵úãΪʱ۸ǾΪܵ㡣
ʵֵǣ䶨׺ˡֻʱϲôǣżԽԽǱҲѹƣزͣӿ
ｫͷĸϣŴЦ˵һ꣬ǾʮšŮˣԺ͸ֵŮȥӻˣΪҿôˡ
ɵѾͷСģܵһ㣬СˮܣһҲ˭
ｿһЦ
Сľֱĸ˵Щ£Ӧд붼ôܺͶܱĹǴԶתܡܶѾŹˣЩͯ£Ժɱλϱǰᣬöǵӡ
֪֪ﻹ˵լЩ꣬ССӾΧ̨ԺתҪɽҰˡݡЩ꣬ﾭϴ棬ССңͰͲöһЩ
죬ĸŮһ̸ֱ۵ֱĸŴӻȡһӣﻳУû¿ŵףʱҪõģЩϢ컹Ҫ𡣡
ʲô
ﱣŽ¶ı鿴ĸֱĸò˼һ㿴֪ˣʱ䲻ˣЩ˯ɡ
ҲЩϢ
ĸ뿪䣬ŷĸú첼Сӣһڰ¶ĴֻʴͻʵЩĿ
ݲݷһ飬°ϣŵľײ
ΪС񶼰Բ˵ˣʲôû
Ȿڰ︸ɹʱѾˡ
ɬЩֻоĶҹ轫ÿӺͷĿ⣬ǿؿշģˣо¶ޡ
ΰѼ䣬ţⴺͼܹ轫壬߻ãҲǻ࿴ϼ۵ġ
Ȼʱ˹߽עƶ
ͽͼһеļУͲò໨˵ʱ䣬ԼЩСࡣ
ܶġ
ס㼴ӵеģȫͼƯһöңһһƣ֮⣬
һһβߢеĻӣΣ㲻Ҫࡣ
ҹκεˣ踮
踮еĴʱ䣬䶼æڹ񣬰ʱԶһңϣÿÿʱӭŮĽͼʵĿ⡣
ҹ䣬ʱ䣬һ˯˯˯ʣµһСʱ䣬Ϊһơ
һЩԺ
뵽Ǹĵξ˳ǣ˵ξЩ˵ġ
ĴƣһһĴСȻһ廨СƣĪڶ
ʮ˼Ȣ
һ磬类ϴԡװߣǰڳȫ꣬ʱѾȥ˴롣
ſէȻֱУȫ̫̫桢ױ
ﾲͭǰž̶ķŮӣԺв֪Ϊ뵽ĲݲݷĻᣬξе廨ơ
һͨ˼άɢЦķ֣ԭԤеĽ鶼˴롣
ͷںˣƤҲã綹ѩǿĽ
Ǿǣλչһλи֮ˣǿĺȡ
׾һһ˵֮ԣף̸䣬ò֣ͭǰȫ̱ɬЦ⡣
ֱĸΪͷż黰һᵽͷóᵽͷ޲ǣᵽͷֶ١
ᷢϣĸֽһӸϣЩ֣Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴΪ˺ʣȥ
ȥ踮֮ҪТ˳ţãһλɫĸߣٶǡ
⻰Ҳźۿ

ĸæӲ˲۽ǣԱһ˸ֵȰο˳ǣֶŮͬͬģӣͷԴ˲ǡ
Ҳ۽ǣصͷŮ֪ˡ
վһԣͷŽøƯĴ㣬֪ʱ۵Ҳӯˮ
ո⣬ʺ갡ֵš
ǽӹǰϵġ㡱ճ鿴˫ߵĻֶӭ׶˵һ͵ѡ
ռֵദ꣬˶ѧʶˮƽһ˽⣬ˣŵĿͬһȺȺۣ鼮ȷĿ
˶εĽԺܸߵڴ
ȻǳĿѣδһȺƽĿ͵ѵٶϣȴһҲ
ͻ룬뵽ҩĺͷΪĵӣδӭ׵ºܸӭж⡣

38 ӭ
û, ֵܼ˾ͳŵ˼ޣһȺ˺ͱƦĻӭ׶£赲֮
ԽԽ, ĸֽͷȡϣŮӱĸͷס֣߬߬ѾͷԺǱʲôί, Ҫ˵ǧҪ֪𣿡
ռڶԱ踮, ۸СĵĴŮҲһȥúˡ
ףҧŴԼƵ̶ֻǽץסĸ֣Ըſ
ܿ, ʹռҲµĲؿ, ˳·;ĺɫϲ, ڵ᷿ſڡ
ǰӭĸš
ŶдԵ, ĸ⿴һ, ʹת, ȴ߬ס, á
ĸŸͷŮ飬²Ӧڽţޱ£Ǻ¡
Ķһ٣а׵ָĸľĦ£Ųɿ·ŻϥϣסϲͣĬĬ
ĸת򿪷š
ĸ밲
ĸá
ǰһɽۣԵԽ֥Ů֪ΪΣԽò
Ѿùÿˣһװǽֺÿ˼¡
ӭ׵·ϣ֪˶ٴСϱǵİĽĿ⡣
乧񣬶ĿתϲɷͷͷŮӣĿٿȻϲ
ĵ£ɾ޵ĺӱͦվֵȺ룬۵׶ȻչֳĶΪɫ˵ϼĨͣۡ
ĸһַ´롣
Щռҡ޵̬ȣӦøࡣ
ɽӵһոðݱոĸʹ׽⻨Ρ
ſʵıϣŴܵĵͳܲҪģúõġ
ʺݺݵص˵ͷ
ղΪ޶ģΪ֣꣬ԭΪѾѧ󲿷Ϊ˴ľ裬ȴ룬Ǵ
ζԷӭףλܵþȫҲδܽԷסջ俴ɫѿ΢˷ˮſڶһ
ʣ
ɣԷһʼֳֳǸȣء
һĻþٳˣĴ㲻֪ܲ
ڶѾͼ޵ʱҲʱ˵㣬δ۶࣬һҪŵ
ֻܵͷԻ˼תÿ죬޵Һ󣬶ѧЩѧһЩһЩñӡ
򴽣Լܻеĺ壬ͷ֪ġ
Ҳ֪ǲǶʲô⣬ʵǲġ
оЩΪԼĹЩ
ʱΪ㱳Щ˴šĹʣﱳϻΣǰĽ£еǵϤӰ뿪Լߣһֱи˵ڿƲסطӿѬۿ
ߵ󣬿ԶȥĽ̾Ϣ֮ǶЩôҸе
ѹͷͷ߰ɣҲһȥˡ
*
ŮӳޣӦڻƻʱֽţΪɻ飨裩ʱ
踮ոн󣬾ƻ軹һʱ䣬Ϊ˿ڼʱǰɱŸͷӭ׶һͼ˴Ȧ
һ죬ͼвٴСϱǶų֣ļһš
һЩİĽߣһᣬڲ¥У·桢i˫Ŀӣ۽ӿ˫ۡ
ӭӶ·Χ۵Ⱥвʱ̾
Ǻÿ治ͼǵһС
֥
˵Ѿɹһϴξûп
ʲôӴһ£δܴӾӪϻʱ踮õǹ棬ܿʲôȤζ
ܹҿϲƳǣо޺

Ҫ踮Ҫ˵˷ܺڴģǱĸĪ
һұűѡĶϱСϣѾᡣ
ֻ˵λ¶ϱ⣬ҪǣѡģԼҪȢŵģһϲý
ǿ׼֮ǰûȫТʹŶӽ޸Ȣš
£һֺǮֵӭŮͣһڴŶȥӭĻʲôʱôػ
ӴСãϲϲϲȢϱǴ°ҵļλɩ˹ϲ
иδҸӭ֮ǰ˽ʿ˹ֱ˫ϲš
С٣ҽ˶࣬һǰһӭӭͣСۣΣ
ЩǿƵɩӣĸЩ顣
ҳԷʱѾϰǸɫʹΪ˶Ӹݺ͵λˣ˵ʱҲ᲻𷴲
ʱˣһĻͷУҲᱻ˵øı⡣
ͺһλϱѡСϡ
ͺһΣԭǷ
Ǯվĸ󣬽յĸ򶨣ʵߣǰһڣؼλ˵Ļ踮ӭ͵ģļλ̫ѣȫе¸صĳλˣ񷨹أӲ뼸λӭ͡
ôˣ֪ĻΪ踮ԭңæӭӼҷء
ֱڴռҵ
ռֻһոεƷС٣ҲЩ仧ܹȥġ
ο踮ҹϵҲûôá
һ˺ֻʣһһƵˡ
Ӵһ˵أ˲ķݶҴɩбϸҶۣǮ֣۵ɭ
֮ǰ踮ֱλһݻȥģλҴɩ׹Ů
ԴҹŮλݻأȴƨҿһֱӽŮĹײĸ򷢵ⰲԺͶ۾۾ӲǱӡ
޷꣬˼죬ЩҺġ
Ըһֻۡһֵֵֺֻۣز˵ĸǰǣʱͲӦøһڳԵġ
ǽ컹뻶ӭȢ·ˣ

뵽ҴɩԽɭ
ĸЩڿҿһ
Ǯϵıȴû˿仯ƤӶû𣺡Ҽү˵ˣϲӣ˭ҪǸҳ۶ӣֱ͵߹أȥһ˼伲࣬ʲôʱ߹زٷսˣʲôʱٽӻ
Ҵɩ
ҵŰȴǰ£԰ĸٿ˳ۣҲ޿κΡ
ۣηߺޣѱϣΪԵ½𣬲Ӻ˲ŹԼҲŹԼ
ݺݵ۱ʵͽĸֿ˿ȫ̱ࡢûжֳһЩԼǮ֣߬ȭͷһһ䡰ӡһ̵ˮŤŸݵת뿪
ҴɩߺʣµļɩæԲӴһˣֵôӲʲô
СǵλˣǧҪ˿ЩΣʱ򣬴ӹַɩӹҶôЩϽ飬ֽ˶˸顭
սʿѾѡƷ̫СԼѡϱãһҪȥ·ǽܽܣ

ĸҴɩԶԶȥıӰֻú󱳸ղըĺëڽ£߬ȭͷҲʼɡ
Цݿʣµ⼸λɩӺ͵ϱЦʱ䲻ˣҲɣҸдˡ

39 
˵, ǮֵĲ뿪ȺŮľۼֱ뿪һξ, ɳһǮֵǮ֣¡
Ǯֱ۰Ϸ˱£·˽ͽˣԺֳ棬·˴ɡ
ĸ˲ЩӲָ, ͵鰡֡
, Ϸδʲô
ĸĬϲֿʼֳּࡣ
ʱԶϲѾԼţǮ̧ۿѾϦķۺϼһĨЦ, ĸ, ·ϾҪ, ֻҪŬһ£С
, Żͼô˴Ȧ, 뿪ոʱ˸, ں̧νηǺ괭., ֻʣ顣
ָ˰ϵ⣬оԼҲû֣Ҳ֪޵ǷҲΡ
쳤ɫڵҲΪתƵʱоĻתƵøãڽ漸λη.ʱҲس
֮ӦģǻЩΧ۰ڿɹʱ뻮һĵͻ

Ա
׻£Ƶһɹپ׼Żһ
ÿһ˫׵޳ָ쵽ͷܼķΧˡ
üֽӹԷĺ컨˿ϵһ˽Уڽ˵Ĳ£̤»Ρ
زᣬҹλη۵ֱͳöЦžıУֻԼ塣
ﶯ˶촽Ƿѡ·̫̫ءιأ
ü΢ÿɷ
裬ǣźһ˵ӣһ׾ǵĻʹֵǰʼá
ҴɩȥۿǰһˣżǰԼŮʱ涼¶ץһֻãǰվһףŮݺ
ɩע⵽ֱģעⳡϡ
ϻջߡ
ΣԱߵõãҺް
ɩԴӹŮȥ󣬱ݣε㿴Щ㻹ŵŮΪҲܽҳ׵ˡ
ҴɩλһŮݺݵššü
һǮ˭֪ļҵ֣ҲҵıŮȣҺ޲δ
ɩĵҲûзӦ
λֶŮµĹѪ⼸Ļˡ
ֻһʼǴɩǼＸһ֪ô֪ˣȫݺݵسһͨ˵Ժ˵Ѿͷһ仵ڱֻʣһ
Ҳ֪λֶŮ˭赽֣ҵǶǸѾͷ˻Ī
ֶŮ£ŶӴ֮ǰҸ˼ҽ̣öȣڸжⰡ
һʼҲƷ٣ֶŮţƷٵķˡ
ֻ˵û
գۼ䣬еһ˫СѾ԰ݽɩ۾ؿ·ԲӰţ˵СӺλ¶ϱͶԵ
Ҳ֪Сһ˵
*
붴Ͱϲϣ͸ܿЩߵĸͷϲźļλӺϲӰ΢˶ָ
ԵѯʣС㣬ʲôҪԸ
ҡͷ¡
ʵЩˡ
׵գֻ糿һЩʳ⣬ֱƻ֮ǰٳԶѾЩˣԱ߻ϲ￴ţܻ˹ء
ʱһţɫϲĺһ֧֧ȼԺҲβ
һ̽·һ˵ļ黰У죬Яһӹϲϵġ⡱
⣬һˮŮСŹ£ͷඣඡ
ȻһƬŲ·ܡ
ʮĽ鸻⣬мһá
乴𴽽ǣҸһΣ֮óӸ˶׼ȷӴͷ룬һʹͷ˦˷ĺϡ
һƬкգգΪͻȻǿҹ߶Щ̼Цӯӯ̧ͷһۡ
ü΢пһ˿Ц⣬󲻶ɫƿ۾
𴽽ǣװԼûп̹Ȼضϲϡ
ϲױȷʵЩŨͬȴã˺ױݸԼԽֶ˶ΧȺҲûʲôá
ƤˣõǿԼʲôˡ
ȻʵϣױǴͳױݣϸɫ죬üëϸӨ̶ڴ켾ӨʰϲȹһĨŨޣϲ졣
Ư
ӴϷ˻ѡϱ·ѡģشϸƨ.ɴһǺ
׼һҿ֦ɢҶ֦ɢҶ
ĶϱҪ˵ϸһ꣬ңϸҶԸȵġ

һƬЦ˵ŷл
ĿɨϵЦ⣬۵Խúˡ
֮˱ϲİ£һϵʡʡȡϻƵϰףеβ
ҹɫ֮ǰ佫ϵĿ˶˸ɾְͣյУҲиֶġ
踮ˣĻڣϲǵŻԼԺӡ
˪ָԼûϲǣЩ޴գգֵۣ֣˵ĸϲ𣿡
Ѿ֮ǰݵ޽ź˵ǼңеȨ͵λȴ˾ԭҲʲô
Ϊ踮ΨһһλŮ˪⸮пνͷβӵóס
׺ĸϲλ綼ֻǴк顣
ҵĸһΣֻһε񣬾Ͳû˸֮Ҳ߶ʲôҪĸ֮Ļ游ÿμʱЦеģȴΪһֱլԵʣ游ʵࡣ
߶Ľʣ¸Ůѩ㣬ѩ̫䣬ദӵûš
֮ǰĸʱſһ͵͵һλԲŮӣеа.ŷơ
ԣ˵ĸ⸮ڴ븮ģ˪ڵڶλоԼÿÿҹκڴڸ֮ϡ
ҪһλĸףҪһλϲȻ廹ĸס
˪Ѿֻص䣬Сƨ.ɣӴ齽Լ˺ܳʱġܹǿܿӣѹġ
Ѿ׼ˣҲ֪ĸ׻᲻ϲ
·У˶ˣﲻɫһоһӶѾ첻Լˡ
Ǯִ˽һˮͼС;µ̸ӡ
ӳֻ΢һЩʳѾǶúˣźжڣ֣ԣ൱ƣǽǼС̸Ӹ˸ɾ

40 
߽, ϵļյһۣӵɻз
үе, ūȥ¶
ףתߵԿװ򾲵ζع𴽽ǣúߣԵĹܹ
գգۣͷлл
ûһʹżСѾͷ, ֽؽ˶ϡ
Ѿȫȥľ, һӣ԰ɣ̫񡣡
˵ķȴϲó嵭Щʳ̬ǵȡľ꣬һµԼϲķʳС
Եпɣõòࡣ
ֻһ, һߴ, Һڵ, ޷⡣
üһؿȥ, ͼü, Ц÷컡
治ͼǵһң޼ɵչ
, ⡣
Ц, ȷʵˡ
ò΢һףּ׷ʳ䡣
䣺
ֱõ˷ֱٶȲ𽥷Żּ˼ڲˣСеܽϺ꣬۾
¿ӣЩģǱˣ
ˡ
֣룬ϲʳ£ֽؽ̡ȴмԢ̵ںãһԸյȼ˫ϲľϡ
ɫҪϴ
򴽣ص˵ͷɡ
ɵһλһ񣺡ˣūź
һ󣬱ŽԡˮϴȥȣɷţͭԲó
ķ˿ִֺ֣฾Ϊ˷ֹëΣÿնͷͿĨ͵ʱͷֻҪ𣬷ٶƯҲͿĨ֮С
ˣԱߵŮϼͷϵˮղõ˰ɣҪΪͿĨͷʱֹˡ
ϼ˵⣬·˵Ѿߣ˶Է˼
ҹɴⴵӶڷеĽ䣬úһ²һơ
ֽӣ̧һĻ޴磬ڵ˴⣬պסſڿ齵ķ򣬼˽λõú󣬲ɡϼһ뿪
ﴩڴߣһŰɵʪһΪԼŽ衣
·൱ֻĲ벻Զȼյ΢ž
ûһҲ´˳
Цˡ
о⻰ƺָһʱֲк壬ֻ΢΢Цࡣ
߽ˣע⵽ղŽԡʱûźġڳͷʪ󣬲δɡ
룬ȡԱߵ޲ߵҪΪãȴӶˡ
ﵱе޲ϣӹСԣƾķ紵ɵķ
ԶƷһ΢ĺЦַ·Ǵ
·УϵνѬĵᱡһĵزʪ
ɫ棬̬ϻ峺ˮůڵ»
գǱȫͼǹѾõĵһңǵһУ˾ʺ뻭
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δ佫ʪյˮķ˿ɣȡƺƣһ
ƸղŲѾȹ
֣ҳ꣬ȸΪƵģ˵ҳʱȡ
Сʱ£͸ױԹ˵ֻ˵Ů죬û˵ӾƣױЦ˵ƣǽһͷˡ
ȥµĴ󲿷ֶռˣֻ̳Ӿƣ˱ķݣһֱլףδ˷Ҳδ˴ߡ
ԭȻ˵ʵǳܶȣһСѾǼޣ⻰ĬĬȥ
ˣл
ߣյ룬ľյһ£ţС
ֻһڣû
֮ǰֻżСùƣֶʮĳǵһκȡؾƾ˳ź»ůθͷۡ
յºѾܿƵظ޵졣
ɫ۵ԾϼĨȤζƾһ㡣
ﾲͷڸоԼڶͷѾʼѣ
֣Ϊһ˱ٺЩֻɡʣµҰԲˮѾóˣܲ˷ѡ

µؿűеľˮ̧ͷ˿䣬ʱתԴ룬ͷȥղһʣ
ֻǿ˵ָʾǿ
ûЦԣʣ
ף˫ֶϾյ۾һգС
֮Ҫץϵľƺһץȴ˸ա
佫ƺյֻǳǳһ㣺һ
ｫһ£Ȼͷ±յԹϣһ
俴Ʒ޲֣Ҳûж˵ʲôֻԼһһյеžˮϵ
ʱѬˣϲůۣΧŵоžһѾ˵ʵڿƲסش˸Ƿ
ͷתߣɵȥЪϢ𣿡
üűζʵ˯ȥɡ
һл
ȻͿҪ·ȴܲԱбµҡαӰ
Щɰ
۾Ҳ󣬿С̽̽λãҡĴϣһͷ˴ڡ
׼£ʲôŤŤߴʣŰĵ£Ǳۣûһڱ㴫ȵĺ
䣺
յҹˬʱĳѾֻʣЩ΢ĳ
վڴ˼Ƭ̣ǰϺʣµľˮȫһʣͿַڴϣѾ
۽΢˲̧˴߳˯Ĺ̧һСԲھ˯ˣǲˣô죿
˼ѪҺĿԼ۵ײȻһ˿˷ܣ̲סЦҪΪΪ죬ծɵüǺá
Ժ䣬ﱻԼϵָŪѣ˶ӣûֻ̧֣ڰΰѼڳݺΣһ¾ͺãպô껹ȥ밲
ʶУѾѣΪ廨С˵
Ȼ⣬ȴһ죬۾Ѿͷİ
պܸ밲
ʲô⣿

41 
۾, յֱͳž˯ԺֱӴ˯ѡ
Ƚϴ۾ո, ķһ£ΣֱĴλá
գգۣͷЦޡȴϢͳ䣬˯ʵૣôˣ
俴ĴģԲ, 峺ΪԼŵԥЦ
ѡ, ôӦԼ۹⡣
ȷʵܹסģܹ֮гദڷʺΣȻǻзʺĴʽ
ţ޵ü΢΢, ˹ϵ¡
Դ촲͸, ΪͺÿµϼĨ˵.ɫ, ڵ˲
΢ߣӣ¶µС, ׿Ƥ΢, ˯ȥ, ǳЦȢΪ, еıؾǶУֻҪסģһֱһ踮Ů˵λãңһȹ̡
ʱʶδȫѹǰ廨ҵͷ
۲ı飬ЦΣգõģֻһ¾͸ˡ
κףüɣǱЩЩ
Ȼ·еĴ齱ҡһϡ
ԺУĸڴշתࡣ
ŵƽʣĿĴϲ֣ĪЩ֮ǰλСϣЩ㷵һڴ´㴲ѯʵ˵ܳ𣿡
Ǯ֣ΪԸĸѰۡĹ֡
Ǯֶ˽Ϸ˵Ľᣬ˻صÿ϶λ·үеģ϶⡣
ĸ̾ϢἰΪĶӣЩǳ˵ôӣôûأ岻ʲôɡ
ǰջͼСѾͷǸÿͶͱҹ߲ȴŭúһеķŽ̲ĵȫɱӺһһˡ
һȻǷʲô⣬ҲԿ֦ɢҶִ
ᣬүأϷǻרҴүѹ𣿡
ĸ˵ͷȴЩ̤ʵŵ·ӣоڹȥÿһʱ䶼Ǽ尾ʱôˣôû޽òûԲɡ
Ҳ˵׼ֻܰο˵·ʫʸ踳ָͨ˻һʫϷ˲Ҫż
ԶԶԣ˵öԡĸͷȴûõǰȥûһ˯⡣
һֱţĸһ´Ӵϵ
ţЦСܽ˲ͻԭء
ϷˣүԲˡ
ĸʣü۽ǽϲã棿
Ĳ棬Ц֣ūȷ˲ŻģϷҺˡ
̫ˣĸЦЦţ֪ΪۿЩɬӲ۽ǣϲҾ˵϶û⣬ޣеķˡ۹ãǿˡ
һҹ繣**ҹ̡
ﰴıԺʱ黹Щã
üšһĻңָһĲʣЩɣЩԣ
ͷڴ䣬ɵ
һڣͷԼ߸ɬ˻ƣɸɵģȿˮ
ͷüм˿㣬Ҳм˿ӣ£
ֻɫ֪ʲôѯһ£ǷҪչأΪ·һȥ밲𣿡
ף۾΢Уϴţȥ䳡һȦԺԺҵԼܡ
ǣ֪ˡ
ۼ뿪ŰյڴһԺǲϷϢ;.Ժ
ҡһ˲壬澪ˡ
ңƾξֳǩСȻξʲôģǷġ
ڴԶͷɫһ̽ѩ׵ۣ´ڵ
ŷ뼸λһ룬ˮĶˮȡӵȡӡ
ɽʹ𣬷´·ΪŤĵ˿ɻã
΢˲򶨵ҡͷ¡
仹ȥԡҳϴһΣ糿ϴֻϵĺۼɷ
ȡǰѡõĳɫ£ɫϲȴֲʧׯأպʺϽӡ
ϣױ̨ǰͭеԼᷢӵܽعټɡ
ǣˡ
΢һɵظ˳ĺɫ˿ָУûһٱ˳Ρ
˺󣬱㲻ٽ˿ȫȫ٣ʾΪ
Щؿžз˿£Լһ˲侹ãԲ̶ԼʵɢĹҷͣʺȫ£ĸ˷١
ˣⷢͿÿԱһΪᷢĲϼṩ˿һ߾޵ͭеٻӰ
ԭʱЩԲķͣڱ˵ķһУֱʵ񵭺Ӻݣ˼֮ס
ǳĲϼ룬ڳļϺ¶Լصķ绪
ɴЦ̲סоԼС⼸Щ࣬ϵÿһɱ䶼еϲ
һۣͻȻһͣʰˣٹһӣ͸ÿˡ
ôܣҿԼῴС㡣
ŴЦ
ױ棬ڲϼᷢʱϵĨһ졣
ƤͰףТǼ꣬ÿ춼ɽܶɹڡټռƤǰ㣬бȵ˫
ƽʱٴֻۣһЩ졣
ϸϸΪԼü֬Ӱ
ȡֽϸʱϼȻϣˣֻΣ
Ŀ⻬ױһ踮µľҡָ㣺֧hġ
ǣˡ
ְǮ̵ɫ䣬ѡ˶ӦĶΡָԼѹȹǵĻһ׼Ҳ̤Ժ
ȫͷֱһۣү밲
ƽһ񣺡
ף۾·ͣ
˵գϸϸ۵׵ɫع𴽽ǣһ¡˵վ;ת侻򵥳ϴ¡
ٴγѾεﴩϣɴȡΪվ׼ļ
俴һͨæµȴްȻҹӵ뻳ʱĴС
ư־ѵ΢¶ȣ൱ʺ𽥲ȵļ
ֶ࿴һۣŴ¹񣬴һϺɫ۴ϣշбĲҡѡöƷĵں塣
̣ڳ˴󷽷⣬ûһ˸̧ͷ˹ɫ

42 
, һʼҪ̧ͷŮǺ޲ôµԴҲŴͷ
ֻ, Ҳ֪踮ŮΪʲôҪ뻮һصԴǷʲô˵ȵС㣬ŶǷ˾һҪѰú̽
ٶȺܿ, Ծ¹ڣתǳЦ߰ɡ
, ̧ĸסĳԺȥ
踮ϵ޽ǰϸ˽ŵ踸ֵܵȽףһֻһֱڣ踮ĸ岻, ϸϵ޸, 񽲾ʱ, ൱򵥵
ԺΪҹ˷, ĸ˴, ϴϡ˼, С
ǳ, λһλŮԼλֲȴΪĳЩԭ򲻵òűµĵŮûмЦ⡣
ԶԶһüۺЦļѶѸݣǴﵽߵ㡣
ĸ밲
úúã޺վһ𣬿䡣
ﴹ½ƾԼϵ֬װߺ档
䲻ɫؿıݣЦǴСͻǮСƭӡ
˼򵥺ѹǮ־ͽŰڷźãֵһ²衣
﹧عϣ˫ֽյ߸߾𣺡ĸ׺Ȳ衣
ĸЦúϲ£죬æյӹһڣӻȡ׼õĸĿں⣺֮໥֣ͺΪҿ֦ɢҶ
ǣĸס
⻰˵꣬ĸ͸оԼЩ˵ˣæ̧䷽ơ
ϴἰ֦ɢҶʱתͷдλһλŮԿ֦ɢҶĸֱּĽᡣ
̫ģһʱ˵ͺ죬Ҳ֪Ƿ
СĵһۣһۣʼûʲôӦɳһ
ʱȻӹ踮гĸ⣬ԾһǸеĶŮǸͷ
һλǰģǸнĵŮ˪
˪ĸ׿ͷ
Сü۾£ֹЩȴĨĽ
ףֳֵУùһöɰݹȥúӡ
˪ɰӹ󣬸оӦһö塣
ĴһĨϲ⣬˵ֿһͷ
质Ǻ质ֵռʱһȥɽһʮ꣬һʮꡣΪʶ˵ĸĿҲס
һһϺɰ
º质ɰ򿪣澹һöȽϡ÷īֵüۡ
֮Ǹһλѧӣ质̬ͣȱҪϺֵܶ࣬ʱû˵Ϳͷĸס
ɤźŤ󣬾Щ䡣
úӣ𡣡
Ȼ񲻹Ǿͣɤȴĺ
ȴǺɰʵڶЩ󣬺ɰװ¡
һöΪСذףЯ߲ѥסذʽȽСɣӦרΪŮʿ죬͸һС꣬ȴǸոպá
质ͽӹذף⣬˵ָһͷллĸס̧ͷĸףҵĺɰأ
һ£ȡһöɰš
лĸס
һλ踮ΨһһλŮλŮ꣬˪Ҫ꣬ѩ
ֹŵһͷд䣺ĸס
æӦͳĿ
ˣ踮ڵȫʶϡ
֮һ극ϯ䣬ĸ˼ظһӲ˶ûãֻһţΪ̫˷ܣָʹһСѾͷ˺üӲˡ
һٷϣ뿪ĸ뿪ҲصǾסԷ
һȥһϲ붯
оԼ°رܣ֪ǲƤһֱۣ֫Ҳ
ڳԺʱʹ˱ûǰ档
Ϊףм٣ҲǺæ
ƣ΢΢۵һ˿ײɬһˣϢĸ֮ǰ˵ź󣬾ͽƼȨȫȨŲ㣬Ӧñ⼸졣
ף֪ˡ
԰գովʱӣȻǷޣǸոյĺǱ㶼ҽǣʲôҪעҪҡ
΢ҡͷûʲôöģֻеλŮ˿Ž̵һ
ԺеλŮ˵ʲô飬˪ĸ黹ЩӣǿһֱĸǾصķϣҲԸһ֡
ϾĸŮӣԺѳޡĸǿ϶ʲô̵ܽǵġ
ŮŮĽҪһ£
裬һͬʼɡ
ףˡ
λӣ质ѾʮȷʵЩˣǸ²żԼ˵Ҫȵͯźᡣ
ͷ质Ǻ质ѧϰҲ˽⣬ѧѧϰ൱̿࣬Ҳ˺ܴ档
մܶ˵ĿˣӦɳ³ȡһͯԡ
־踮һٴζ˶ӣоЩ֧Ųס
ƿߣȥǰԺ鷿һ¹ˣЪϢ
ߡ
뿪ԷѾǵʹŵԴŶԼͬطԼ̧̧ͬ
ע⵽˵ĶҲδʣֻɺͳ췢Ĳϼһ𣬰ͷϵλжһ֣ڵϣ˻۾
ǽŵһ죬ٲҲֱ봲ʣñ˵졣
һŽճļӣһԺ硣
һѣʱ硣
￴ŲԶɵظѬеϵӣųѺƣʲôʱˡ
ط˵Ļѽʱū澸׼ѷءɶˮǰ˾棬΢ЩΪ¼򣬡ˣǸϽʰһ£ȥԺˡ
ͷһǳױݡ
δҪתһȦ֪뵽ʲô¹
񻨵ĺľ¹Уܵװ˲ܶ඼δ޹ǰĸΪߴ綨Ƶġ
ɫ졢ʽ죬Īˬ
һ¹ȥһƬڡ
졢Һ졢Ⱥ졢觺졭ָǳһĺɫشһƬУöʤ١
ļ°򱻿ѹ¹ײ㣬һбóʱ
΢ššüоЩһѾ
ӵһμ俪ʼ˵ϲһ£ȴδ뵽Ȼϲֵز
ֲտϲʱ޾޸С
תԲǰ׼ѯʲôʱϾ¸ǰгòзͬͼ䲻֪ʱѾڣ·ŵĸϵһ㡣
߰ɡüۺЦյĪºͣüǳЦʱɫ˫֮С
գۣͼеһңǵһУȷʵÿ

43 ҩ
Ժ, ˵ִﲻãž½롣
˼ŸĸһӵĲ, ͱĸϽָλϡ
㲻þнвѾأܲࡣ
źﱾΪϱΡ
ĸرˣ˿˵ʱ·̵ƶࣺСںúõľУܲЩ񡣡
˵ʱֻһò, δǰкһԱ֣ĸϵıȴҪչܶࡣ
һ, ĸЦǧȣ㽫νˣһǮֱ㽫е˲ᡢƺԿ׶͹ȥ֮鷳ˡ
һ㣬֮ǰδʱĸǮַ߶, Ҳƴ, ֻЦӯӯףֻܷ, ϱǮһ̵ֽģ϶Ƽϸˡ
ĸ⻰濪, תֵԺ, ǳ, Ҳ밲, ֻһͼɡʣµźСֻܾԼá
СһʱˣսСܱŶϱԼǰҪû㡣
룬ڣ밲޻ҪģĸʱҲûϵԶһʱ䡣ֻڸеλϱҴһ
ˣĸü壬ҡǺ˵գСһɫŲȷĲ˵ҪҲҪǡ
Щ̬ȣЦˣұÿĸһš
ĸ룬ȡһ£ɣ㿴أ
ºЦҲɣȣӶ˯һЩʱ䣬ˬЩˣҪҪĳ졣
ܿĸų⣬Ҳδֻ˳Ļá
ĸȻɣ֣֮ߴﹾ˵һѻڶĻҲգֻһĸһǩӴԱߵĹӣʳţһ߻ף΢Ц
ֻĸãЩͷĻɬ嵭˲١
һԵ䣬ĸͬ븮е棬Բؿһۡ
ʵϣеλԴԴЩ𣬱ÿǰԺ̫̫밲ֻ̫̫Ϊеĸ񣬺ȥǡ
̫̫ɿڣѾͷһ棬ж໶ϲ
˫˫뿪ĸһضߵλֵѡϱԺ⸮Ҳȥȥȥˣãð
Ǯ֪ӣ͵ͷԺе̫ˡ
ǰǰٸһѪĴӣһӾûʲôźˡ
źȥ·ϣ俴߼£ˬ˿ˮӣЩҪһˣǰᾡϻء
һ£˳ףȥæء
.ʵ۵ڲڴϼˣ˵ҪԶţвɳһüۼ䶼ѵõɺʡ
俴̬䲻ʾĺЦһ뷨ϢһΪһ¡

Ӳ̧ͷɴ۾ŵĿǰˡ
˯ʱС˵һλ
ڼǳڣ
˵Ǵһ𣿣
ǸǲͣЪشһϺðɡ
˵ãһ˵͸оѾԼˡ
佫ͷ£뿿۵ֻ΢ĲްְĽɬͶռ鲻ɸ졣
΢̧һֱ£еİɫ໨ƿģȥ֮Լҩ
˵գ磬ڼִԷǰת˸򣬴̤鷿ȥ

ԶȥıӰάֲסԼϵºĴǡ
ȻξʲôĶǷġ
ǩѾξһȥ
ʵɬֱӡ
صԷûãǮֺ־ʹżλѾһ𣬽Щ˲ᡢƺԿ׶˹
ֱ֮ԺǮʱԷｫһӦ˳
ˣҲûʱȥȥæЩʲô᲻ٴνԼŪûֻ֮࣬רͶ뵽һӦĽӹС
踮ŬӦʱҲһ
·ΨһѾߵݣѸٴ踮ǵȦڼ̵ʱڣ踮ڵƣΪ˴ѶϢ
ˣū澺˵֪Ϊʲô踮ѾڼʱҪԴֱ𣿡
ﻹ淢һ㣬⻰Ҳɸź棺Ϊʲô
Ϊ踮ļҹ棡ɵɴ۾˷ܵСδɻѾߣ̧ͷֱӸӣ򽫻ᱻϳ踮˵⻹Ǵ׿ڹ涨ġ
졣
ִܶ𰸣ȴûһ֡
֮ǰֻΪڸлôҶֱء
˵ǰ˸մӱ߹ػʱ;Ů˿˵ʹУ·ʱŷҪͶͱ˰ҹѰޣҪ󶼱˸ˡΪŽֹ˾ƶһء
˵ףΪСѾ̫״ȶ
ЩжϿסԼճĽߣȴӰΣܶ಻õĻ䣬ǳ
һҲˣԼĸۡûҪίԼ
Ҳˣ涨ʳ¯
˵֪ȫɣǰ̸Ҳܹ³롣
ȻﶼôҪģҲװɡ
æЦһӦˣСˣ⸮ĸ׳ĺܶడһÿ쿳ٲԺ󼴱ǴһӻҲõĶӣ踮á
ŴЦѾͷڰʾ𣿷ģء
һתۣʱѹ
һǰĸͲ͹ˣ˵һģʲôҪӵģиġ
ò˵ĸĺܺãݻ׼Ҳ൱
ڽȫ꣬оԼӣЩôˡ
Ϊ࣬ĸ׼ЩǸպʺռʵõģлһЩ鼮ʹ鿴ҲûѰʲô©֮
գǷݻҲûʲôֻжĸӸм
գ仹ûйһûõ󣬾ûʡ
ֻǴݵظ踮Ѷƺõױϡº͵Ц⿴۾𳤷ķٸǰԺȥĸ밲
ԺУȫ̱ͻĸȴԼżס߶⺢ӣôӶûϻԽԽףǧ
Ϊأϱġ
ӴҲ֪׼һô룬ڸӴ
ΣȰ壬ĸϵĵɫδٰ֡
ϾĴ£ֻ¹¹ռҵ档
ֻԼʱûڻٶ׼Ǳ߶ٵ

44 
ĸֹ, Ѿ踮Ļռҽ
ŽռҵĹŮ, Ϊ轫ŵĴСϱڵ·Եţϧһֱȵ踮ȥ˶δ濴ĕiУ׷ʧѡ
ģɡһСϱ
䣬˷ⲻ, ҿָ˸û·һţǿŵЩ, Ѿߡӡû轫ߵǸСˡ
Žż̽ͷƣδڳпߵī⣬һ꣺
ų׵죬û·˻ţ轫λ·˳谮м, ԸŶԷгТҲԸ⻻˵˵, Ҳһġ
㶼˵˴, м棿
Уɫ, ̸δš
ͷ̤ŵεյĲ, ոڵլۡȥ
ոǰ, нٶȽ, ͻͻȻڻү
š
ͳ崼ɤ½Ķһ٣ѹеĲƿ
Ϳīվһһǣһƥͷɫƣ糾͵վոſڡ
⣬ӵϢʡ갺ֵѾվſڣѾ˵һӵĻ
ƿȸԾ֣㡣
̧ۿķüЦէȻ繣Ʋǰ
Ĵ΢򣬷ŵǸոջ
ףš
ۿռҾҪضᵽܿһ۾һۣܹȢޣ̫ź
ﴽЦºͣ͵Ӷǹ˸Ǳл
ִ䲼ĴϣʩʩȻϼһҵĻȹڣͿӭǰλܵЦܡܡܡ
㡣
һ˱ŽոԶԶֵǣһ֡
ԭ轫ǲ·˻ţ洦񡣡
轫糾͵ģӦǸոոϻͼҶδء
࣬Ҫʱϻأ轫Ʒء

һոݼոĸ
ղĸ˯Ҳ˯ˣʳҲʳˣֻôŮߵӣĶĶڡ
һ۽Щ죬оѾʹŮֱ˼һ㡣
ޡ

ŮǰĸǾѹеļֻס֣ԱԼļ顣
Ŀ⽫Ůͷɨһ飬ȷɫϲףλأȷһġ
ȷŮĸתͷɫƣ䣬ֻһ۱üҲҪమϧӣҪ̫ࡣ
ۺǸ⹰֣һ糾ݷãʵʧ񡣡
ĸæҡͷջţҲʵƣڼпͷ΢Сһ̸ʲôģҲüһʱ
ոҲףʱ仹磬ȥϢźҲü
лĸ
С˴īȥϢĸﵽ˺ԺСβƵĸ
ޣΣһصԺãĸȲѯʡ
ɬףܺãõģҼ޹ȥĵڶ죬ĸ㽫е˲ᡢԿȫƽңӹúǲ
ĸɳһȰŮ׵ڶʱţ⹫ɣɲҪ˶˱ŤӰ˷޼ĸ飬̫
ףŮ˽⣬Ůδ˶ԷԹ
֮ĸϸѯ踮мӵ
Ů踮еûѹǳ˶Ǽ⣬ۡȨգĸȺͣԺ徻ӱǰ࿴˼Ҷ֪ǿ
ϸعۿŮĸ٣пŮͷԽˡ
ｿ
ĸȴһĦ֣㸸ϾҪ̻ؾˣֻҪ룬ҲֻͼǴϰߣͷ᲻㡣
ָ˲۽ޣס۵׵ɫŮҲ᲻ǣ
ŮСȦһӾͺˣĸæο޲ޣ˵޳ȥˣͼ뾩ҲûжԶǱ߰ٺˣҵСȥǱ档Ǳ߽СùãҲҪͼġ
ŮҲСùá
ģģٲõСùóʱǲȥһ棬Ҳ㣡
˵ﻹûôأĸЦ
￴ĸϿʵЦ⣬˰ΣҲЦˡ
Ӳ۽ǣһǼ׼ǣܺͶǱߵҿ
˵ĸмֲ죺Ǳ߻ã׼һҽˣ⣬ֻǱߣ˽ƷţǱߵ׼ĸƺЩҪŮ޵̫Զ˼
۽΢ɵǹ̬Σÿɻ䣿
ĸüǹҵǿʲô⣬䣬ӦòڰɣǼѾǹٻ˼ң㸸Ҳѡ˹١ԭǾ֮Ӷ⣬ܲڳΪƷ̫֮Ӻ󣬱㷴˰ɡ
ϸ룬Ҳ⵹Ҳǡ
˵ЩĸֵСùҪʮ壬ҲʮûҲ֪ϲ˻佫Ǳ佫ۡкʵѡСùš
Ӧúʹ죺ͷĺˣӪеӶ࣬һȥ̽̽ڷ磬ֻҪСùóӪߺӲڣ϶ȱѡֻСùϲˣȥǱ֮ҲΪЩ
ǵȻһܿҵ񣿣
ĸֱ׳ģ͵Ц㱼λѾ뿪ʮСùãЦһ㡣
ĸŮȵ˵һλһֱԹɵһߵŲ㣬ǲ׼㣬ҿ԰㣬ǻûȥǣϾʱҽˣ𣿡
סСûѵ֣Цãȹһʱ踮ﻹλµ飬ʱǿһˣ
ʱռһֵš
ϣѾϢþֵһ˺üˣƽﰮԵģռ˼˸⡣
ò˵һ˹ŵʺܻˣرºЦʱ򣬿һλò˰ˣ佫ĺۼ
ϵɬ״
ٹþҪ뿪ȻȴԸǶģ֪Լڹò
Ƕݣܻ١
˼Ժټܲף˾һ˸С
俴ռ˺ͮͮۿģҶúñ֣ȡյǣǻϡ
ⷬȻ˵ú飬û˵һڣȴռ˵˲١
ֻ߬ĸ֣ĬĬߣͷû
ZұھǵĺϢҲû£ֻʱһҪ̤ʵأɱ˲ӡ
л̻塣

45 
, ϧ˻踮
ռңĸʱпȡĻ, һס⣬ôô񣿣
ŮƼҺĵһ£ǽ踮ĲƲҰɡ
Ҳ˵ĸ㷣֮дţ׼ѯֻ˵, 並һ£û˸еľ
ᶯ˶Ǽ, ڲԵѪζѯʣˣ
ζŨ˵΢֮ǰռʱûų
˸ô᣿Һٻڴʱˡ
˵, ϵĹ¡
Լ˼
û, ȴвѪ, ǾǱ˵Ѫ˵ˡ
֮, Ҳû, ֻȻȥĸ֪һ, Щûڼ, ˡ
һһûš
׺˵ദҲûж೤ʱ䣬ȴ֣˽ֹ⣬ӡǰĽ
˵һ˾Ӳʱ˽ദʱȴܹвٱӪƦϵĲھ
ֻƦȣݲڣΪһ޶ʣͿ˫ӣ˶غ˶ѡ
ص踮ɫѾȫ
Ǵȥĸƽ˵ȥԡϴ¡
һٰñϣҲûжʳֱӽһѣͷ´ʣĿ˯
￴ԵڣûгţֻźѾӣԼС鷿䡣
ռ䲻ȴʰú¾£ʺŮʹãʼʱӦΪǹġ
ϵһ߷Žؼϸڣһȡʣռ˵Ц̬һʱʹ
ۺذĸոʳȵĴܡü۽ĶܣԻõܣԼ¶ɰСá
е׾ǣҪ뿪ͼ˵䱣֤˵Ժȡְ£˭Ҳ˵׼ʲһõˡ
͵Ц⣬±ֱŻȻ
ʱ¸ҹĳľ⣬ʱѾ
æëʣŻֽֿ̯ëʷŵϴ̣Ŵصޡ
ʵɢ٣ÿʱҪȥϢȴڿ˯һ¡
֮ǰͬʱЪڴʵ࣬ҪȥԾ˯䡣
Ŀƣڴ齱ѡһ½λãԺģ飬Сĵؽ̧ȥ
ԭţ˵Щ֫Эֻ΢Щ㲻Ὣ˳ѡ
Ȼ뷨ãʵȴǣĽŸո䵽ϣӻδڿգͱ϶Ȼѵһקϵ˴ڲ࣬¡
ͺһҶһ¡
ͷɢͷĕiӣʱ黹ЩãȻΪղŵĶʱѣûзӦǰѾӦ
Ϣ𽥻ָűѹ¡δۿɼи·ͷſľ䡣
ϢϤĸоɵ˯ۣͷŮӨ׵СɶʱۿɼٶϷۺ졣
͵͵Ц˯ѵⴼдԣô˯
ӿǶϷۺɫٶȡ
ﾡԼΪܾΪòٱQƽصڼ˼˵ģȥС鷿Ի˻
͵͡šһµŮ壬뿪ϣرѣһԲ
ͷģӦҪ˯ˣæɳһڲ࣬ƿ˽ȥ
֮ڱеḧ˸ؿڣٴΰԼ˯
ȴδ룬ŬδʼãԱߵȴֿ˹Ƶˣ˯ˡ
գգۣ۵Եڣ飺ԲסԺһע⡣
۾д컣ͻȻ֮ǰǰӦ㣬¡ʳԣϺΪ˯Ҳ١
ʵɲء
ΪúбҪ
գҲûеֵסĳ˶ŵԵļ֣һҹҡҷ¶Ʈҡ
踮ԷУŨǱߣȴڹǺ
ϴ쿪ʼͲ
ԭڳпҵϱԼصţ黹ˬһЩˬûάֶã˵ոִй񣬽ջͼǣŶûأȥռſڵˡ
ؿǱţסһ㣬ܵҪ
ҺԽԽģһڷãֱϣȫŴϴŨľζ֬ζӶŻ
ķŮȥ踮֮
һƸ񣬻լӣūͳȺ
֮ȫŮҲϰǮ欵С
ȻЩѾòðͷڵĺǿŮģǸŮȴΪûзҽգ󶼹ڳ⣬˼죬̲ס
ȫʱ߷⣬δһۣڴϺ˯
ҹԵʳѣŷۣôˣõӿʲôޣ
ƽʱҲ͹ȥˣղμ踮ĺ£Ĵ棬ȫǶռλ¼޹ȥ˵ĽԼŮǼʱ
ȫˣŴͿʼΪʲôޣΪʲô㲻֪ҿŮ踮˶ˣҾͺ޲ҪҧЩĸεġ
ʲô˶ˣǲŮ𣿡ȫ˯ѣЩԺ
ǸǮͶ̥ŮڻǺúõƷˣռŮķ⣬Ͼ̲ס˪һ֡
ʲôǮū֮ģʲôʶʲô
ȫһǸŮŵ˯涼˸ɾæŭ⣺죡ٸһŮԣŮŪû̺ãҪб£ܹסλˣͱˣֻ§Ǯ˵㣬˯
ϱһȻЩȴǶ²裬ˣʱˣǺ޲һԶƾʲô˵ҶһȺǣͶ·ʱ￴ĸһڷԣҹŮ𽵹Ը޽ȥǸ仧ˣǷЩСصĻᶼûȥ踮ȥȺһͨҪλø˾ܴĥˡ
ȫŵһֱһƺϣ죡踮ǱٸȥǣڳϢˣǲǵˣ
𣺡ƾʲôǣҲ̫ҲĹǡ
㲻Ĺ˭ȫɫϴ˼¡
ʱǹĲٴθԺҧӺҺͼֵܸǷԣĸͭĹϵΪҲ֪Ǽ꾭۸ӣƾʲôƾ޽ʱ͵·ƾų죡ɱԼ𣡡
ȫֵأһʹЩӵĿȫȴҾǲ㻹ΪʲôˣǾһĸΣƤӣҹŮôãôһûˣָǺµ֣Һ˵Ҿû֤ݡҹŮڻţǼ̶ָٺô
⻰ȫʵҲͬŮڣǼ϶ڹúá
ʹԺ˻ҪݵģҲܶռıˡ

46 
ȫԶ, ϸ˵˵۹ŮڶûˣλҲݻ, ǹŮļױأƾʲôҲⱲӾû˵˭޻ҪӼױģҾǲҪ
⻰һ䣬ȫһ뵽ʲôһǯסϵĸ첲ͳ⣺ǵӼױҸŮŵ, ǣҲ㣡
ƾʲôһ֣
Ůи, Ҹš
Ҳŵģҵ߰ǰҵˣõȵڣҵģǻǸϽȥŮļױҪʵڡ
ֱˣһʱʵʵڼҴţҳȥ۶ӡ
Уȫŷˡ
ھϲԶԺɩ㱼ҹɫﴫŮʹ, Ϊ
˸, ֱ, Īë
ﹾ䣬Ҳаš
ԭϱϱͬһ챩оͺа, Ǽӹ, ᵽլ, ĪŮ˵Ŀ޺
һ˰ɡ
*
һ, 밲ʱ䣬ﻺԺ׵˫ۣ΢O@
̽ÿʣͼǰѾϡ׼ȥ䳡䡣
ҹĲҪƦͬһȺɫ޳۵ʱ»ָ˰Ķţ˫
Σﲻֱӵٴ
͸ʣװ˯ĳˣע⵽΢΢ĴǣȷԼǣҲûκü⡣
Цһʰȥ͵
΢ûлӦԵ˻Ѿ뿪šüȻͶȻһĽĿٸһ
򡢷
ˣ
ǵģ
Ϊղ˵Ļ˿ɱˡ
һûӦΪŸѵĻ˵Ӧǲ֪Էղ˵ʲô
ԥ˼䣬ȻЦת뿪ҡ

ʳڣԼȴûڵһʱѯʱѾ¶š
һ֣ˡ
𴲣ŲſϸĸڵĳԺŲڡΧ˵Ļȣεط֣ԴӼ˺ԽŲࡣ
޷
Ϊʵۡ
ȥԺ갲صԷĵһ£ȥ˾ңϴҩָԼĨһЩоЩˣϸеСƿ
ƿӿŲװŵĸȴ١̲סСֹ
һСƿӣӦϺþá
˾ңֳһ̾һڵҲãǳ׺辭ĥѣҲǲܿ˷ܡ
ţʾϼǰ
ˣʲôԸ
˽˪ѩ˵ӻ
Ȼ䲢δŮжĽ㽫ͨŮҶԴ
ǣˡ
ϼٶȺܿ죬ûã˪ѩԴѾߺԷ
ĸ밲
Ů䶼ѩ꣬˪һСֻꡣ
ʾѯʣǹҪһڵ״˵ڵŮߵѧϰȡ
⣬˪СӲѩĴҲЩ
ѩĿⲻɫԴĿ˪ûпڵ˼ĸ׵ĻŮֻʱʶʶ֣ǰ־߳дϵģѾдŮһֱиߵѾߺѧѾӣ΢ЩҲܳЩ
˵꣬˪һ̧ͷСֽץסϥϵӣŮŮֻǸѩѧ˼ŮҲиߵѾߺѧ˵գͳһګ⡢Ůģĸϲ͸ĸס
ѵ˵һڵѾߺ̲ס࿴һۣѩעƽﵨСɪСü֡
ｫӽӹչһȽϲͼͼźɫһǳѧߣᰴͼλмӲʵһƬرʵǷ˲˿ߺ͹
ģͺǲĸˡｫӷ£˪
˪һ£ǳǳ΢ЦСɵ϶ʻԭżʱģҪɰ١
Աѩһ£ҲȡһСɵĺɫɰŮ֮ǰΪĸ׼ĸײҪ
ⷽɰźɫϸӾϸܿѩŮȷʵ˴󹦷
ⷽɰɫ죬ͼţӦרΪ׼ġ
ｫɰӹ𴽽ǣ뷨ͺѵãĸ׺ϲ
ף˲١֪λŮ̬ȣҲԸǻѹ
֮ϸϸѯһ˶黭ǷԣԼѧǷɵ
󣬲ЩСҲЩš
ã踮λСҲ̫һЩ
ռңֻ꣬ȴȻҲʶ˲٣黭Ҳɣ踮ͺ˹ǳԺȣʣµĶôһ㡣
λСѧЩԷĺѾѧģֺѾǻģŬѧֺѾǲģҲ
ĸǵ̬ȣټΪӣӦҲǻЩĵˣҲûж롣
ǰؾϣȴܹŵŮüۣĸ˵ˣȣԺÿһȥԺȥĸ밲ȵ＾ٸĳÿһΡǿ
֮⣬˪ѩ˵ѾߺϾֳϲɫ
˶֪Ϸ˲ϲеЩүС㡣ʹǼһյǰԺ밲ȴδϷȥ
һֱɺͳϣλСĵеĲ
ȴδ뵽·˲ոսţϷɿڼǣĵ׳м
˪ѩȻҲ֪ܹȥϷ밲ʲô۵׾¶ϲ֮ɫ
ܹģĸסѩ˷ܿڡ
˪ŬŴСС
ףͻС糿˯һԺǴЩˣҪÿǰ밲ʱɾԲ͵
Բᡣ
ǲġ
꣬˵˵ĹˣŮӼңʫֻҪԶЩģҲҪףŮߣȻǵĸף֮ʱҪһ
ʱÿ磬Ǳʶ֣ѧϰߣٹգҿܷΪѰŮн̵ǡ
ɫԽлĸס
ֻ֮˴µʱ䣬踮ܼҵȫ˳
踮Ȼֻж̶̼꣬жѻЩ˱ȴռҪ̫ࡣ
Ǻģ⸮˶Ҳ࣬ȴûе֡
Ǯ˵踮֮ǰĴͷ͵ˣߣǰոճʱͱ˸ɾʣµЩʵɻġ

47 
۾಻ɳӵĴɱڸ, ĸô£ֺֻǮ໥֣Ҳδʲôӡ
ټ, ǮҲĽӸǰȨĹ൱˳
𽥵ģ踮Ҳ졣
磬λŮѧϰŮӦöõĻ֪ʶÿ죬һ, ĸ밲
ڸеӣĸһʼ̬ų, ܲͲ
ȻԴ븮ĸԴӵ̬ȻЩ
ò˵һλܻ˵ˡ
ºͣҲˣֻϸ, 渵, ͽͬһ, ͬһ˵øоܶϼ֡
Ǹͳѧܵ˷ӿ佱, ˵, ˳Ļ, Ϳȥ³ͯ, ˵һУСܹۻ۾Ҳǲ
ĸǺ¡
Ҳ踮Ѫ踮ף踮ǮɳԼʼնڸӣ踮û˿ô
Ҫǣ仹Ż˵Ժ踮ȥ֦ɢȥҶֻƾʱܵľ壬ˮԸеλûκκøС
ɫ䣺ʱǸͳͯ˿϶Ľ踮гϢǸٷЩףףж֡
ĸ鲻䣬С죺踮֣ٳϢ
ĸ֣ӴսЩȰ壺ˡ
ĸЩɵ̧ͷ
밡踮๫һѾֻʣһԵֵܷ֡๫Ȼͬ۵ôǲˣȻˣ㶼Ӧõģ˲źΪ踮δѪ·ƽ
Ժѧѧ䣬涼ֳΰæǸܸʡ¶ٹ򡣡
ĸ齩סƵšţʼ˼
񲻱䣬룬ͬǱ꣬ѵĻͬǮһ޳ɣ踮δøﲻæϺȺãΪ׶踮δõİá
⣬ĸ˼ܸ𰸣ȻΪס
¶º͵Ц⣺˵ǸòȥƴžѧϰϦꡡ
ĸͷãǾͱҪŬѧ
˵ûһʦͨһȡôɾͣһ޳ɣҶǵĸϹ涨ǶҪТ˳ҡǰδСҲӦܾ
ף
īת˽ԺȰĸ׵ĻûˮӲǣֽⶪһԣЦǸСƭӡ
ѻ˵һ׵ģƵġ
Ҫǣ㻹˵Ϲ࣬ΪϸƷһ£ȷʵмֵ
ĦԼ°ͣԭǼӼ⾹Զ
֮ٺһЩ
ּ֮գԷ˱ʱͼŰר˷Ц˽
ЦһۣѯʣַʲôȤ£
ͷСǰոϷָСү˷Ǹͳһķı͸ǰѳ
һ£ǻͦá
ϸĸһθµĺӴ¶
͵ЦȻϴĸʱҲֳı飬ֵЦϷ˻صСү˵ҪѧϰѧҪ͵

òЩ˰ɡ
ڼеŮĸ̬һʼҲһǮڲҪóԺúȵǣ֮Ҫһױôõ¡ޣǱߵŮȲ˰ɣ
еĲĸ֪Ůҳ֮󣬱󿿵ûңδ޵úãô᲻Яҡ
һͶʣȻͶˣǾͽŮҸûĶ̻ˣԺһͶʵһŸ׼ң踮Ҳһĺ⡣
֮ǰŤ죬ŤӳϢۣĸӦñȽϿ죺Ȼˣһ㣬һ˼ңδС·
üۣյĸݹȥǣôͷӦеϵ
ĸˮڣֿü͵Ķϱɵޣô
踮⼸СӺѾͷҪԣһЩ𣬿ǣЩĻš
Ļűϣǳ࣬塣
￴ĸϵʲôҪֻҪ밲ʱһżԹУʣµĶء
ĸԥһУ
С
ĸüƬ̣ףҲУ˵ڼʱģ㶼ġ
ףϸ˵ŻóǷŵĲ벻졣
ǰ滺ĸͻȻһִͺڲ˺ӣһ㡣
ֱִصԷѾڷеȴڳ߸
ԴӷȷʵŨҵİĽǿҵռԴ˶͸ԺƵ
ʼ˼ĳ仹һΣ֮΢ӦˣҲҩˣһΡ
ڣ˶ֻ磿
ɵؿſľⴰ䣬ùţ
ԭÿһϣ˲˶ʱ䶼ý鷿ùźŻϢԽҲûĸ극ŻصԷ
ͷ
ԼɿĶţ˲䵴Ȼ޴棺ûù
Ϊš
˵ղڳԺѾùﻹЩ
䣬ϴϣѾӺ￴һ䣺лҪ˵
۾۵һ⣺ҼǵãĿˮӦҪ

ӹæµû
룬죬¸ոոɾû죬ΪֹȷʵѾ˶ʮ졣
ǵġ
ڶԷ֪Լˮڣȥʡ
ع𴽽ǣϣ´ʣѹ£µЦջ󣺡ղҪС챻Ϊϻһ˯
Щ߾һ˵ʱ÷ֿ˯
Ҳʱ´󲿷ַ޵ദʽոĸõҲˣÿ¶м죬ո˯鷿ġ
գ΢΢ͷԼҪͬ˯һ±ͺˡ
ۣеڶʱܻٵ±а߰Ѫγ
佫ͷľ䣬һ㣬Ц˵û಻Էʽһһ˯ǵϸӸ㡣

48 
ȵĺѾĶתΪ, ĶĤ
޾ԺЩģ壬һ, 㱻硣
յʱѾ뿪
֫ԼӦµ£Өһߺ졣
ϴϣŶͷɵҽӦǻˮ׼±, ϡ
õ, ˡش¹
ûһһոµĺɫСЦˣΪ׼±ҸոմԷ˷, ֻ¹ոµľ, ټǴ, õĲá
һ
ɵͷϸ, ñ¹ǰ, һǶѷŵС, Ƥӽס
뵽˵±ʱ۵΢˷, ֪ΪξֲԤС
Ԥнһ춼ӰΡ
źĿˮڶ
üϣǰ¸ո͹Խز̤ʵ
ɼƲԣǰǵˣܣȥɻ
ﻺҡͷǲֻЩ벻ͨ
ܾǻк壬ȴְ˼⡣
ɳһȰοҲż룬庮ȳȺȣ˵ͨˡ
ֵͷŰ״Сеˮι𴽽ǣðɣ˵Ҳе
ͷȻֱû鷢ǰȷʵӹţȥĥ̫ࡣ
ɵ뷨һҹֻһûеֿס˯ٻ±硣
䵽Ǻʱʱϴģδ˿
һ磬ٴʱѿգ̧ÿʣͿѾ׼ŵ䡣
ͷ˯ʵʲôʱģȫû
ͷ˯ģѵЦᣬĺ÷ȻţžµĿϣϢ
ǵúúϢҡ
º͵ӯ㺵ĺЦһ飬ˡ
ɵؿ䣬ȴδ𸴣ֻתһ𴲺󣬼ǵȻһ±ټ˯ôˣǲСġ
ץסǵֽ˽ɫظ.ӣϷĨ̺죺÷Ц
˵ţЩ㷵ɻ
µĵһ죬Ӧ󡣶ҼڻҪһ˯ԵʣǰȫķʩӦòӦѪɺӲŶ԰
俴ѵþȵɬģ۵׷ɿһĨЦ⣬ɰرߣ˰ͷ˳ķ˿οûϵ˭ҵķأҸ׼±ࡣ
꣬оûбο
һߣæʷ£ӿԼµ±
ֻһۣ΢
µ±ϲѪɾһո£ɼĴʩȷʵȫˡ
򴽣ŷı飬˻λЩԺԴղŲڻҰɡ
˵Ҫ壬ȴһͻȻַ̧λõıӡ
һ̣ͼʺСϣմȾ˴ƬƬ͸״Ѫ˿˿㣬״÷

ɴ۾Ӳһ£ֻöͷصѹ˺
ԣ֮ǰѯǲˮԭ򣿣
Լȥˣݺڹ
ոջɵرǸ⣿
أ
ؿǺɫ±ϵĴƬѪж෬彩Ӳ޷
һ˲䣬ȻĪ뷨òүСʱܵܺڹˣص˸ܸݺڹͷɡ
ض䱻ƬȾѪ±ΣջǿºĹת˱ӣƬմȾѪ±ŲԼԭµλá
ִֺڣԲ
ģԲԸ֪ܹ˵ģôء
һܿ죬ɴһƱӽʰ
մȾѪ±س£ִ¹ȡһµģڴǱá
ɷﾻ桢ױһԺʱЦˣˮүҲûЪ棬ͬ˯һɼүĻϲ
˳ǣҲɡ
ԭݹܲôһ˫
оԼģԽˡ
ʱֹ߳ºЦݶЩֲˡ
踮ĵһˮΪ˲СѾͷӹѾǧȫ׼µͷǱһںڹ
Ҳ֪ԷΣϣȬ
˿ܲãѪò챳Ѫ©ɡ
ֻҪ룬͸оԺ
ȴΪ˼ֻһؼ˷죺ңȻ踮ĵһοˮүûַ֮Ҳǲġ
ﻺתͷһ˷ܵģɣɣ
ҵδȫԲȥ
ִԺʱѾˣеСѾȫü۵ʹ˼⣬ûһ̧ۿġ
峿µĿУһ觺쳤ۣģǰüĿ͵ĸ棬ԽԵ桢˫
ͷǳЦףԼˣ̫عء
л
ĸϽӵأȸ޶Ӳůů֮óʳ
ĶһͷԱЦµ䣬üºЦл
߻ĸһлҳбĿϣԾĥ£ǲԾϼ㣬봹۵һƬޡ
ĸ곯ʳۼ˾Ҫ뿪ĸΪһ׻Ǯȡһ
Щض尡ҴɩӸİ˵ңûдʲôɡұ㶼ˣ˭ÿ춼ͣԽԽ࣬⡭
佫չŤŤּЦù´ݣȥҺú
ĸЦݣЩµؽС˵ٵģоֹʹලȥʱúú˵ʲô¶УǧЩʹץѱ
佫еļŰһŷһŶͷĺˣӿˡ
һԣɫ۲ĸɫ֪ΪΣܾĸἰʱЩ顢Ϳ־塣
ȻҲǴ
ĬĬ踮ڻʲô¶ִŵš
֪ΪΣ뵽֮ǰⷿʱСļױ
Ȼױ򱡣ȴڱݺ踮
ֻǱķСⷿУ˪Ժ֮á
н·˼һԱĸۣ°
뿪ԺЯ
һ˳ԺЦ˲̲ס𴽽ǣ
ﻺ̧ͷ˵ɫȴϡŵ֬ζ֪Ĩˡ
ףȷʵһ㡣
ЦͷߵΪһϢΪ
һ£ʲôϢֽ˵̺±һϸ˵
һӾͺˡ
ˮĵڶ죬вʱ±˶ԽѪô
ѵҪ˵ԼıŪˣȻ˸÷ԼһϣԼֻ˸ط

߬סӣûάסԼºͼ档
ôɲء
˹ԣ˵ˣ಻Է

Ѿظҵ
оٶΣѪ©мܲˡ

49 ھ
, ﵽûеȵ˵˵ʲôϢΪƣͷΣ봲˯û
ҹʱ, оʪģæµСĵرÿλãȥ侻ʰ
Ȼڴ˯, 룬, 
˷䷽ۣ۵׺˯⡣
﹣һ£ڣһ£뻻һ±
, 
ʵ, ￴µ±ҲѪ, Ѿ׼ûж˵ʲôǴ¹ȡһµ±ڴϡ
䴩£ﶯ, ÿҵ˽С챻ö, һ, ʱͲõġ
ﱳ˳ǡ
ֻһ˵Ļ, оܹãʱ˶һ¡
û˵ʲôڣҲմѪˣͲīϴˣʱ˵ԭȵѪλϣһմϵġ

ڹ̫̫̫Բ뱳
˶ǣǿЦǴȥīϴɡ
ͬ˯һ±Ҳˡ
÷˯±Ѫ鴫ȥҪҪˣ
ؿ۵׼֣̾ϢһīСɱ˻Уϴ·ȴʵ̫ѾҴüʮˣһͦϲ
ĬĬգۣӯӯ΢Цҹ£ûɿڡ
⣬ΪϺҩǺˣΪβſ˯
˿ҲһһյѪʱĲѾ˿ϵѪճһˡ
ף˵Щ
ﴽǹЦ⡣
Ծ±Ҫµǰһ죬ſ˯ɣҪ
̧ͷÿ콫˿Ѫд⣬ͺ
ݶһ䵽ûſ˯Ϻҩò±һɣѸٽ硣

峿ϴϣľŮǽմѪ±ȫߡ
ڶϵ±Ǳûаֺۼ˿˯һѪ
Ϊһ˯±ĺˣѪĹ
﷢֣һηʱЩ߾ȵڶʱȻЩϰˡ
ɿֹ˿岻
֮ǰδʱ±ҲûѰһҲһΣܶʱ򣬸Ͳۡ
ڣŶ̶죬õ
⻹ǵÿдģ±׼öࡣ
ﴹڣѪЩϱҶյɡ
æͷǾϺúòѪ
üۣϵǷݣҪ롣
ҪĳʧѪļһúò
;һأҹСģûҴ󶯣Խ𴲺ľЩήҡ
ĸģۣæԷ˯һúЪϢЪϢ
磬ﻹԷǳʱ޷ſڵϲõͺԼתСܹ졣
ôˣ
ڼȵ˷ܣһϺ˵ģϲˣǳ͢˸ھˣū澸һѡ
ʲô
۾һԭ˯һȫˡ
ھ⣡ɴʱ˷ܵЩƮΪͣΪھˣ˻أǸϽģ

һ̣ﶼߵκġ
ΪԱӺĸףȷʵбͷʸ
ǴƷ佫ɱͷƷˡ
һ㣬ڳ֮ǰʹǮֵĽ̵֪
ֻΪͷùԱԼ룬û뵽ˡ
һʼΪԼ踮󣬶ܹھĿԲ󣬵ֻҪ踮ֵõլȣ󣬲ϺȣҲӦ̫Զ
ȴδ뵽ոռ踮һµʱ䣬ھ㱻ˡ
ߵݺӹھ飬ǮǰӹԱеھϼóöɰϲϲظ͵̫˹ȥ
ָ̫ºɰĺȣװӦƱЦϣЦۼұ﹧ϲˣǡ
˱ߣ￴߱Сʱлּ䣬Щ˷ܵ򴽣мЦл
ü΢۴Ц⣺ڲˣ
Цӯӯͷ
ھ⣬˵ֻ±ٸʮһ.ͦؽڹ
˦ߣ㱻˦֮
Ѿо
俴ǸмزҪҪģûסԲһ£Ц˵𣿡
޵棬Ȼ֡޹ؽҪСȥΪ
档
æףھͷԸȥ
ΪԷӵġ
ԺС׼ԡ
ɶҲҪ̺á
УǱ
š
ۣ˫뿪ţֵȥˡ
ĸʱҲСĹĦǱھ飬ϲõ߹סһĦޣºˣԺ滹ʲôҪӦģ㶼ȥ˰ɣ
һ£Ȼףõ
ĸʱ״̬˷ܣҲɡ
ǵص˵ıǼ⣬Цɵ˰ɣɸ˺׼̫̫˵һҲ׼Ҹ˸ˡ
ռңĸ˵֪Ǹˡ
˵ΪһƷԱӣõھǳ£õõȴܿҶӳ̶ȡ
ȻͿʼΪľٶĸ⡣
ЦжԼ˵㸸ǰһź˵ҪŪһƷ˵Ĵͷ⣬߻ûӵǽǱߵıȵˣŮҵúð
ʺҲΪɳһ
˼治ֻҪǴãǱĸм
ھ͸׼һЩ͹ȥɡ
ĸ̧¶ͷæ׼ⷿߣԶԶԣ׼ھ׼
踮ھ̫뿪ûãͼеİǾ½֪Ϣ
ô踮Ǳ߸ոհ»ûһ°ɡ
ûûУʮϲ£ڲߣŶʮ졣
ӵǿӱ޵죬죬ھǻõһЩ죬ƸǸճ׾ϵӵİɡ
٣֮ǰ˵˼˷޸أͳЩһ˵Ựܿ˰ɡ
ҲǣǶˣȥ轫˵Ķʵһ˵һɡ

ͷ¥Уյ̸ۣ̲סԸп轫·ĺ⡣
ͯݺҧʲô⣬ָֻΪ轫ֻһأ
ͣʵ۾ˣͱ˵Ựˡ
㡭

50 
˵, ͼеĴ󲿷˶踮·˵ھⶼףģôʱȫԺ, ûϢ衣
صعɩ۾ãɩòá
ɩµ۾ȻЩ
ĵգȴоֱһļƤ
ֻǳһ£͸оԼϵָѾҪ۵, ɩæףúúãɩˣ
õãܲܰɩæ
, ŵԣһ档
̫ȫоۣӳЩࡣ
Щ˼Ǽ⣬˸ĸÿӶȥһЩ
ʣµģķ, صظװһ롣
Ҳ˵ԺԺĺǽյķӦ, ֻ˵Է, ԣǰĴ뼦, ΢, β, Ȼ鲻
һֱȵ, ӡ
ֻһڣǾΥľУٴιλ
ζɻã
óԣࡣ
￴ĵع𴽽ǣʵɳһ
˾ϳðСˣһõһ롣
Υļе棬ˬתͷﰵʾΪϲ
΢ЦյʾԺ᳣ʱƷ
ף㡣
оԼ罫Ϊӵȥ̫ˡ
˶£һСѾͷ̶ɫˮ˽ȫ̧̲ͷؽȵطϣ󹧾˸˸ȥ
˹һ룬׷˼£Щɻ󣺡ʲô
˵գһڣ
ͽڷԸҪĻԺ
ζֳһڣоЩúȡ
˵գֿʾ
յʾ˳شףԺһ¡
š
ȥǰԺ鷿칫һ߿СѾ±һ˵Žշݵİԣ۾
һӶѣ죡
ﵽǲ֪ǺʱطģϮҲûǿӲ֣˯粽С
գߵλѾˡ
Ҳ֪æʲôҲǰԺ鷿ҲȥǰԺ鷿
ûȵ˯¡
ƿӣ¸λȴԾɲ˲ѪңѪĻһЩ
Ķ΢٣±λµߵһ£촲ͷ
һѪѣ
һһֱܺãӳԺصԷʱ㿴Ժеѩ˪
ĸףĸ밲
۵ŮɤĳǵЦº͡
ѯʣùţ
ѩͷѾùˣлĸҹžǸоȳľرóԡ
˪Ҳæϸϸͣر𣬺óԣлĸס
ʱϼҲͣˣղλү밲ū澹ĻһЩµϿΣȻˣλүҲ˵л
Щ˼ϻǶסˣԺ뿪ɣѧϰ
ĸǽעǵѧϰϣã˲ֻ̫̫˦ӡ
뵽ٴ̾ϢЩˡ
磬˪ѩһЩϰ
ΪСѡŮѾ䣬ҲλŮǶѡ
ֻǶԷЩõȵϺ󣬲踮ΪλСڿΡ
Ժָ˵Ļᣬʣ¼졣
ţڽ̵ϰʱġ
Сѧϰ̬һֱܶǰ󲻹£ϱܿٽ棬Ҳ̵гɾ͸С
ˣ
վָһЩдϰʱͼɴҴҴԺһӡ
ﻺ߳С鷿üѯʣ˺£
ɶͨ˽ȴֱӽ˽Ƿʲô¡
ˣ˲ˣǷһű밲˵ֱӵϷҵĴɩӵſڣ˵ҪϷˡϷвԸǽ˴ߡ
뵽λɩҲ֪Ƿʲô裬Ϸ˻ؾ󣬾ֱɵڸǰָǸſھôƿڴϷ˲֪ô죬ū
סˣ˪ѩִëʵҲסС鷿͵͵䡣
˵ҵλĸô
Ȼǰĸŵһ仹˵֮ǰҰݷá
ֻǴܳԱʮһݣݻ졣
ڣȻ仹ûüȥݷãλĸɱ˹
ǵķˣҵλϡ
ռ޽踮һ£ǱߵһҲûȥϹĸ䶼£Ҳûȥᡣ
ǰŸո븮ȥֵϾ͵踮ôѲĿġ
ԾԼСԲĪλĸ¼޸ΪŶ󲻳ɣ
̧ޱߵϸ鷢˿￴ǽķףȥĸ˵һֻװʣµܣ˳ǮԷѰҡ
ĸ˽⣬Ҫͷ£϶Ǳ֮ΨֲҲԸΪ
С鷳ѣԿһ¡
Ӧһ£С뿪Է
˪ѩСķëʣ
ѩšü˪ȴûͷ͵ǰ
ʱҲ˲ǣֻǴ۽Գ˼һڣ֪ȥѰ̹ܼңʮλĸΧ˵Ņ̀Լ߽ѡһȥǰԺȴ裬뿪
ǣˡ֪뿪
ϼȥӣΪѰʮλ׳͸Էſڵҡ
ǣˡ
̸ȥ
һһ´ȥԷԭЩҵǣľ𽥳
г񣬳ȴȻУš
ܿ죬˳Լ˸ױ
׼ߵС鷿λĲֵСǱȻذɣչʱÿ˴ΪдõĴ֣Ҫ顣
ǣĸס
﹧һ񣬱ϸղֵֽţڸѾߺֵĴ뿪Է
ԷԺţ˪ǰѩһУڵ˼ϸСߵĺ裺裬ĸΪʲôҪĸ׺ĸ᲻˶ң
ĸ踮Ҹһ֮ǰǰ㣬ϲڵ
쿪ʼһָֽԭܽܲˡ
ҲЩ˽ԼСĿްӣֻοģϷ˺ͷ˶ģĸΪҲƣһˡ
˪ȴˡ
һֱеˮҲƲסôδ£ҲԣĸͲϲңѹͲ踮ҵĸܣҸͲһˡ

51 
ǰѩĬĬ˪, Ųһ¡
Ҫȥοȴߵһ£С, ˡū˵ԽصĻڸΣܲòͽЩ档ܲסǨŭķա
ѩָصްģ衣, γԷһǰһҲװûֵ̫Į, 黹Ҫ˼һ¡Ժһװ֪
Ҳסѩ֣һȥ
ԷУ뿪ûã֮ǰ򷢳ȥȵСѾͷҲ̸ϻء
, ūѾ븮в̹ܼ˵ˡ
, ūѾѰʮλ׳ӡ
, Ѿ뵽ǰԺ

ˣǮѾˡ
￴ҴҸǮ, Цӯӯӭǰ, ֲô, ʱ䳤, һӱɡ
ǮŬȺǲ֪ϵƤūҲ·˴Կˣ֪ø˵塣
գۡ
룬Ǯ֮Իģѹ֪Ƥж
֪ԼլʱؽΧ񵰵ĵƦåǸˣнò㱳ȥķṦΰҲ֪Ǯֻʲô롣
򴽣ԼݣĵһλϲǺܹ֣һҪǵÿ飬һ
ñֵ̫ɫŻеСĸ
Ǯ֣֪ĸ֮ǰŷͶǼ
Ȼ֪ϸ˵

Ǯʮλ׳ǰԺʱѾڻ˲̵ʱ䡣
һ˴˷밲Уº͵Ц⣬һȺԲ̤뻨
ܵһУѹˡ
Щȫ̲˵ֻҪѹǱ㹻ˡ
ȺˣȻҲǱһ¡
ͷλ̬ԷºЦʱ־ּ˲١
ҲǸ¼޸Ƥأ⸮һСϱһϹͷĸ£
ڸ踮ôԵʣʱ壬ɢҡ
ǱüдɭҲΪˡ
ϴ˶쵰ҶüϸֻƾپͿλ˪󲻾ñ㲻Сϣǰķˡ
ֻϧһףȴΪϵķŭݣƻ˴롣
ֻһۣλ¡
һλӶŲյǰŵĵľϣΪһȲ衣
ƣ¶УƮݣǲΪŨȺź衣
ŵòǹ˹βĸĭ˹°յſЦĸ踮ſڿͷţ֪Ϊ£ż
ԭΪ˰磬ûõһˮȣŬѹֻ
⻰һӾͱѿ
һվޢָָ߲ɤ˻ƣȻ֪ǴĸԵμʱ񣿣ҪΪ㸸׳̫Ϳң
ʮų׵ϹȻǷѣҲǴȳĻɫͮأҹǴ˵һСѾѾܳʲô棬Ͻ˽ҹ
һڰĻڳ͸ɫϵ߶ŭ⡣
Ϊڻеȫɫ䣬Цⶼûаֻּһ˵꣬ƽؿŭٴϢʱü΢̧ǰС
һ̣λ׳͸ǰ˵ǰסļһȵϡ
ңŤǱλ͸ţҪƴ
üֱڵ״̬Щԣͺܵʲô޴Ĵ̼һ㡣
ɣϵıʼº͵ģϸĸһĸֻǣĸȴǳ͢׷Ʒˣܳھ踮УҲĸֱǶԳ͢񷨵벻
ڸһƣΪãһȥ˼ԣԺزٷڰϳȥӵŴΣʱɾѵӵˣǶඪˣ
ϣ
ողű͸һƣȵǺ죬Ǳһһɢҵͷ٣ԵԽǱ
ﴹü裬Ĳ״޶á
ֻ͸֣ϣֻݶñɳȥ
̧ΪԼյ̧üúֱϣǳЦĸ֪ҪֵģƷԱ̬ۡ΢͸¶ȥһЩҵļҽ̻ʹɳѳ޵ļŮҲΪߡ
踮ֻҪǵļ΢ʩѹŮǱҲǲܡٸܾͲҵĴĸˣпǹ
ϱ˰ѹţŭѬۿɫݣСѾͷҰڸ⣬Ų͸¶ȥռҵļҽ̾ʹɳʣµλСãҲҪ׼޲ȥŲš
ףûŵ֣ԣ׼¾ͽȥжţҴһȺСΧ̣֮컹ȰȣǾ⡣
ЦһͻȻһŴȾͿʼޣЩ궼Щʲôǰ뵱һɰͰ͵СӣͶһڳԵģ
˼ҷˣΪֱһ֣Ҫ֪ЩʳǸԣܸǳ԰
ҵүɿ۰ɡ
θ̧֣һֳ̣λ͸Եλ͸һһ˾һֻȶ첲ѱ߿ޱϣ̧ǰԺԺ
ЦȻĸǵĲƲԼһŮӵģǱúúүʣǷȷ
԰գЦӯӯĶӵĸŵĻһһǵԺ˾˹һֲú÷˵˵ĸͶԼңҵλ˵ʱɶأԼҵķȫҴĸԼʡģТ˳
үôôҰҲҪ˰ҵĹŮ
ֵøﻺ۾˼̾Ϣȱˡ
ûһӺͻǱ̧ӣɡӣյԱ߻СѾͷǸԶŸ㡢ˮӵɣһտϷֳ
ϷǶǰԺô޺ۡҴĸ
质Ǻ质пΣ糿ȥԷ갲󣬱ȥѧãڸ质͵ڿεصȴ䳡
ųìǰľ׮ʱСҴææ˽
质Ͷͣδͣڣ£
С˼ٵϷλҴɩڸſôղűǰԺɷ˽ӴСĸոմǱ߾涯ǳˡ

52 
质ͷһ, æͣ¶ɴ۾ΪɶҪڸô
ͷ˵ҪϷˣϷвû, ſڿʼˡ
质ͣ
û뵽λ⣬һҲ磺أ
үүͳֵˡ
ʣµ质붮
ϷƢ͵ӣڹƻڳԺҳλոεĸ߳ûƢºЦ, Լ˵ĳȻЩ, ôô˷Ų
׺λ綼ڣΪʣµΨһж质;Ӧϳȥĸסӡ
뵽ؽеĳìһף䳡һʮصĴʯϾߡ
ȥ·, 质ɫ, Ѿø, λøʱӦԷӦ, ʯ, ĸסӡ
Ȼúܺ, ŴӸϵǰԺʱ, ͱǰľݺݾסˡ
ֻĵһȺѾ͸Ż£һˮһֹӣ߿ǰޡشĴĸ߲ʱº͵ĸʶԣ˵Чá˵ԼûӦøĳԼʲôûɣ⿿ŸŮذȻû¸û
ϹôȢһûĶҲҪˡ
ĸʶ˵ˣôϹأϹŶ԰ڻܿԼǰ˼ָͷ𣿡

յ˿£ȵذϿ޺ĸ˻ơ
ĸɤŵʵЩǿ⣬׼㣬´γʱӦѧѧϱӡɡȡ㡢ӺˮȫһӦȫҪж۰

ΣЪ
޺һʱȥϵɤѾƵü˵
оԼһʱȻԵЩСţǰʯ·˿ϸҲ֢״ڰ֣ߵСѾͷº͵ȥĸȥȡˮҹССһˮȡ
ʵϣһֶϵĲյˤˡ
ˤյģǶû֪踮һöϸɲյܻǮ
СѾͷûһͽˮȡݸڵͦʬϡ
ϿһۣץˮҾͺȡ
̶СĽ棬ǿˣϱͲһӣλЦ滢ӲӲԼƺУʧȻ
Ϻ꣬ʩʩȻЦȻĸȻЩǱ㿪ʼɡ
ϸձˮҿ꣬Ӧһ׶Է˵Ѷʲô˼
Է˼ǣڱ⸮µˣҪ̸̸ĸֻܽǰڵϵĿ캿һȫһ顣
ϴڴڵشоԼʱѾûˡ
һʱ˿ʱǰķ˿ܵһ滹ղŴʱմȾȣŴʼնѾǷεˬȫ²˿Խ޵
Ĩ˰Ѷϵĺ飬ӵһĴȣҲУȻ˵ų棬ҾͺսŵСϱ̸
䴽ǿϡ
ϱϤЦŵòԾ
ˣϵЦݸơ
תͷųվһߵ质ͣ
质һ£æž޴ﱳ۷ʲô˼ľҪվӵʱ̣ԥ
ܿ죬һٴתƵص㣬ص
λ质վֱˮҺڣºųһ˫۾ϱȻ˵ҵұֱ˵ҹŮѾˣλ͹ײǶȥˡļױȴһֱûиҽΪһ仰Ǽױǻңǲ
һδ뵽Ϊ¡
üҲ˲п˼⣬ȴ鲻䣺ʴĸԼ˼˵˼
е˼ôǽһͲֻĸһˣӦٻа̧ױˡټ
ң踮Ʋ˽⣬ӦǺܿСϵǵӼױ
Ͼ踮ȥƸ񣬼ֵǧС踮ļױֵܼȴ
Ȼ˵˼ϹŲǿӲڡ
ǮֿһۣյԵ䣬ֿٽֱ
΢أΣеĲյƾϷĵһЦ֪๫Ǣ̸ʱҪױʱҵʱһӦϸҲϡʴĸʱΪβᣬҪȥԺҪ
һӣǰ踮ûŮˣ踮Ȼϱ㣬Ǳʼױ踮ҲģҪߡ
˼⣬ΪѰʲôʱȴͷɡֻױȻǰҪǱҪԼ̧û踮͹ȥĵ
мʱĻ壬Ҳ֪ͨ䣬֪
гɣҲٸĿֹء
ϱڸס踮ôˣһ¼ױ
Цеͷȴǲɿڣǹһ㣺˵û¼ʱѾȥ꣬зŮױȥŮҪױе廹ǲһġ
ҼҷôƷԱԲϸ֦ĩڵСϸ۵㣬ĸܹ⡣
ϣ
ϱУոϨŭоļ
ȻˣﶼӲҧסɿڡ
ΣһᣬɴԼţǮӶ˼Աǩ˺ͬҪ踮ױ
ʱ򣬲̹ܼȥѯҲѹ
Сߣ˵Сϵļױҿ̧ߣ˼ҽߣֻʱ̬ȼҪң˪С㣬ŽԿҲһö˪СС
бס
ȵϻǮ˺踮ױʱ֣ò̹ܼһȥһ
ѰЩ˲ף·żױˡ
˳㻹˸ƤС˸ţʱǰҽ˵һ¶踮ûʲôԶԵģõʱԼȥ˵Իʱһʳʡ
ȵһжϣѯˣĸ׺˪Ǳˣ
طˣ˪СһֱڿޣҽҪСϼױģոջǽСⷿĸԿ׽˳ϷǱԴ˺󣬾ɻشװˣԸ治ţв֪
һ质͵͸ȻȥȣȥЩնѹĸ׺ϲ
Ÿʯ˹ȫûз£һѾģӶѾʪ˴Ƭ

53 
质Ͳ˼ͷ, оԼûʲôæѹı塣
ĸȻȥæиˡ
֪Ҫæ, 质Ҳûдţ˸󣬾Ŵʯת뿪
̲ס˷ܵصЦ
оԼúֵΪּʶԼĸһ档
̸Цס֣ˡ
ͣ
ֲ˲ϵĺ, ԺҲҪҪ, ͷҲҪꡣ
Ȼڿкܳһ·Ҫߡ
ﵽԺʱֻԺһƬѾӶŽż·
ּæӭ񣺡ˡ̧̽ѯؿ
ףѾ, ͷֽȥͨһ¡
ü, Ц, ûһת
ʾѾ߶棬˽ȥ
ԺϷ˵޷, һ, һļ, ʶϷ˯ڱ, һȥͿǱϼɫʡ
ͣ½Ų
ʶ˶ΣĸŴ洫ްˣ
Ҳɬд˿ơ
ﻺǰڣѾˣֻܰľͺá
ؽŲϣְĸʹ𣺡ȵģɱƻˡ
ȻҺôʣתϸĸ״ʱȴɱһ
ֻĸʱģһͷ麹ͷճ˿˿ƣ٣ͨ졣
æĸͷæſںˣȥϷ˷ˣ
ʲôȣһֱſڵæݿһۣɫҲ˲
죬ȥ򣡡

Ȳ˵踮ΪεڣöڳԺĸӲŲ˵ңҴȫԼϱǱشЩӴʱԴ˲հһ¡
ûѯϱôŪϴŵʲôһ踮ĻСǰȫ񣺡ү밲
ȫЩţɿڣ踮ģ
ؾүС踮ġ
̹ܼѡλС˿ڳ൱ûȫʣͽǰֱͺΪ˵ϡ
ʲôôʲôꡢڹʲôֱ˿ƣˣ˵Ŀġ
ȫùоһѣȫֻԼûˡ
Сһ˳˵ֲ꣬䣺ʱ˷һᣬǷ˾ʹˡֻΪ˷ֹүᣬСһˣү
ȫ˳ǣᣬᡣ
ݺݵ߬ȭͷ˶࣬ûһ˦ϵϡ
˶˼踮ûЩױ˻ϱһȥ֣ȫˡ
£˵Ѿ˽ģΪϱȥʱڼңģǽŻһµϱ
˼⻰˵ҲƯױзͻģԼ⵹ùϱϸӻǮҲҪѶȥġ
˵ϱ²ص˵ڡ
ϻоԼ踮һӵίûü˵ڿȫɭıģ岻Ծ˸սΪӣǹŲӵʲôЩҹŮļױڹŮˣײĶûҵĹأƾʲôҪױңȥǸûҾһТĵǮ𣿣ޣҿĹŮӴ~~
ȫռûǿЦ⽫踮͵ļҶϹӶԱȫߡ
ֱʧ󣬲ʾ˽ЩӰؼУŴһ󣬽޵һ·קԺ
Ժһأ˦һƱȥ
²Ķ
*
ֵظʱɫѽƻ衣
鷿̹ܼҽӦԷʽ˵һ飬ûסЦ
Ȳ̹ܼҽ꣬ߵºһ̾û뵽һﾹѰһķˣ治һˣһš
һۣعЦ˵ֻһøʮҼҷҲǲġ
Ѿͷı֣ׯϿĳȣԻġ
ֻ²һôؽս²ڸУҲΪԼغøۡȶúլ
ºؿһۣûסȤЦҼҷˣⲻѾǳ׵ˣղĿ࿴
бһۣҲûзֻ۾ĳӵЦ죬˵Ľ
Ľ㣿ȢޣȢʮ˸ˣⲻ붨º˦˦֣һģ
ҲûȤ˽ֻתͷ̹ܼ˵ĸ飬˹¡
ˣ˿ڸϽҿһ£仹ԼС㡣
º˵žһͦ鷿Ĵϵߵǽǵˮߣϸ֣ߵΪϵ޲
ȿ˿ڵĿºܲȺǲǷˣÿˣǶҪս̽һٶȣ˵ʲôʱܺã
̫á۾ǳĨɭЦ⣬ò˶ãǾҪˡ
ҲַӣԽʹԽ˷ܣûǷºһҾΪϴ˿ڣһѯʣȷܳɣ
ҲȫգʲôֻȰһͼǵֽſѣʣµǼһ档
˵ʱգѲɻҺīꣿīǵλȴȲ𡣡
ºһЩ˼죬ͺá֪ģڴֹ۷һ㡣
ˣҲư·λ
Ϻҩ²޲ŴǰȡһֽǽյϢԿ
佫ֽչΣὫֽɷĩ泩üǳЦǱȷʵЩȲˡ
º̾Ϣһҽҩã²ؽ鷿ӰΪǼ£˶޹ߣӸܻģ̵ܹڣѾӵԺá
ͷŵش£ףˮĶºһ᣺㶯㣬㣬ǧҸոϺҩ˿ָŪѿˡ
죡ء
ӴСӣҲΪ㸮ܵĴвС
죡ˣ
ºܶҪǰ˵޳ܾˣ̧˳ǣҶ㻻ҩˣͲҳԶٷ
ɨۣţζǸճԱ˳Ҹʳ⻹ҼҲ䷹
ºᣬŭ˼С޳ܣ͹ת̤鷿
ıӰһ͡ºҪǰ˦ֽŹϡ
ºܣ
С޳ܣ
л佱
̽ĸصԺʱڷԣһһ׵غ
Ƶ£ӨŮ޵ʹĴһһڵѩ׵ĴɳϣĪеƷ𣬴꽿Ҳʵɫ

54 
ڷפ㿴һ, Ż̤ޣִ򷢵źŮ˹ϵһ, ߺȱߵò
ɻͷĿⶨеϣüۣġ
Ц˵ڴĸò
գգۣ˳ͷǶл佱
䱻ԽĶ֣üҪʲô
һ, ¿ˮǷ˵, Ҫ˾ְ𣿽¶λ˼ңǺϸҳʹʵʲôǽſ˯Σ
Ȼ±ĹԴղŽţᵽϱŨصѪζ, Ҫϧһ塣
ˣĻ, µŮӲѪõ, ҲԸԼ±Ѫ糱Ļ档
ˬ
ϲΪˬˬֹ, Ҫ, , ԶпճİĽռ
ԼĴ̬ȸЩ
ò˵, Դӳ׿˻Щʳ֪ζ
ܱһţǰһţǸоһá
ϧʱ䣬½輸գʱԼ˿ڣҲòôѪˡ
ˣɷϧ̾Ϣ
ʱѾе꣬ŵط°״ףӲ´ǡ
һ̧ͷͼü΢壬ºÿȾŵĳ
ȾƻȾ¶˺޲Ϊ𣬲ţǽѡ
ﾲ˻ĵһңοڣôˣ
仺̧ü۾üҾϧ£ֻǾԼһ²
ƶǶͷ˵Ӧǹ£Ҳûϸʣֻǵղ˵Ǽͣ׼𣿡
ſ˯Ͻá
֮±ָΪ³ڲ첻ֹء
Ũͣٻһ
ҡͷڴ̬ȼ
գʹףɡ
˯ǰſϢһ
ţӦǲٶˡ
ˣĵ££ӣʵؽ硣
һֱ͡Щ䣺
ͷԲϢ˯ɹ΢΢˶ӣֶ˶ȷʵ˯ˣԭſŵƣΪ泯ϡ
±˲䣬ִز˲䣬зˬ̾
ĥһʱתͷѾ䡣
Σ֪뵽ʲộָͱͱա
ͣǰͷ
뵽ֶͱ£˯üңüɫŻ
׼ͱ£ͻ˯ͼ˯еǱͱˣ־ҵִĴȥ
ž
ֱĴһϣͫ΢
ô־
ؿֱֳԺֲۣͷüѾչٴ˯˼˵۵׵𽥼̲
ɬĴûס˫֣±ϳ˯Ϯȥ
һҹαš
ĺڳξӬţ˻˻ˣþòͣ
*
գϴµױǰ˫۷ֱǷ
һŲϼᷢһߵѯʣˣûϢã
üЩ࣬ÿҸո˯ţӶҡ
ϸ¶ƤûзʲôԵöۼǿڣǽٶһ롣
µصͷһתͿСѾߴӴʰѪ߰ߵ±ͺ
ˣʱ̸˽һ񣬡ոմԺ˵˪С㷢ˣҪ򡣡
ɫһæվǾ֪ͨԺҸȽſСˣȥ롣
ǡ
ԺУĸĲ޴󰭣ֻܵ˾ţл
һҩȶȾȥֻЩήҲͷ̡
ĸЩ嵭ţ˵һӻ󣬱Ѿ߽ͨ˵Ǵˡ
ͷѯʣԺǱȥô
˵ᣬȣϼҩͺá

һ˵һĺᣬҲ֪ССͣʲôᡣ
ֽ뷿䣬վΪĸ
ȶ˾ͺãϷΪϷһҩ켴Ȭ
Ǳ鷳򡣡
ۼСѾŴȥдҩͷŰڴϵĸºЦǲң۶¶ⶼܰƽأԺɱԼԼˡ
ĸæץס֣úúãأԺޣһٱŵ
û
￴Իµģװ֣֪뵽ʲôͻȻֳһĨƤЦ⣬ĸص֪Ϊÿ춼ģ
ĸҡͷ
Ѿˣôȥģ
һЦ˳ΪɰҺ˵Ѿ߿ͼ°ٰʮҵľȷԣÿ鲻ʱ˵˵ЩҸùģһӱϺܶࡣ
ĸ˶ǣګګͷͣȷʵǸѾͷ
˵գɵؿǺץסص㣺ҪҸͣ
æҡͷӴɱǮɲܸ̫ףҪϱΪһΡоٸ˾ˡ
Һ㱣֤֮ͻ֣ᷢۼǵ¶ʲô˼ҵĲ֡
վ˷߬ȭһԾԾԡ
ɱУ˵а
ЩԴ洢ܸϷ˵ҹظġ
ɸʹҳĵɫǰȸĸһ֮һڣ͸ɫؽϷˣū澽ͺ˵˵ͼǼⶭɣ˵ⶭܲʶǸϳԵⰡɶǴġ
ϣĸڴϣһʼȱȱֻǸǿ𽥿ʼֱɴ뵽ǵɫС
վмüɫȻɣʾѾ߸һգǰĸţȥԺ˪Ĳһٹ
ĸͷɣҲ֪ȥûȥ
Աߵֵͷʾһ£ļѾת뿪
뿪Ժﻹ̲סЩЦ
ĸΪ˸游ĸ˵ԽƣҲһʱ鶯ĺñ¡
ԭΪߺ¾Ҫʹɳȴδ뵽վ֮ء
룬ʷᡣ
ԺУֱӽԼ޲˵˪ɫƺɴϣ˯š

55 
˪С踮, ΪԵ˼Уųĸܵ踮ôһ, ְĸļױίֵǣֱԼһᵽϣִᵽֱӰԼڲˡ
￴ŴС˫׳Сۺһ۾, λƽʱӵļŮ˽ֶ֡
תͷڵĺʹϲ˵, ô£СޣǲȰЩ
ſһ죬˶϶ܲסǸĺӡ
ʹϲæū/ūʧְ
üףڹ, ȴпԡ
˪ΪС߹ذ˺ٵԵ, һֱǸĸױĿⷿľС
ÿоįίʱ, øԿ͵͵ǸĿⷿĦ, 
˵д˶˵ĸƢ, Ű, ĸ, ĸŻʼͲǵĸס
հ׵ļûĴڡ
ȻڣЩиļױȫĸջˡ
˪ſڴϿһϣʹϲҲǷѾʻ㡢ĵȰ˪Сˮ࣬޻ãһ޸ͣ
ɫδؾͷ͡
ʹϲҲֱӾͱﴦ˴
˺·˵˪СΪĸĸļױˣԺûضĸ˲Ų˪СԺӾˡ
ıģûλĸϲŮΪĸγϣ˪Ÿոദڳĥϵǰ¡
˴Ǻϳɾǿڣطˣ˪ССӾͱȽСĸʱǳ»Ϸ˺ͷ˲ϲƽ
ūҲдū˪С޵ͣӦһζȰӦøȥЩ˯˱㲻ӡ
ס
ϣԽɣȴܽƱ磺ܹʶ뵽ͺãһµǿԸ
봺ϲæϲߵףطˣū/ūԸ⡣
Աȸү˴ӲǮֻϳȥӵ˵ĳʹûиˡ
̽̽Сϵ¶ȣһֱ˯ţδѵļֲĵ˪ͻСһҲȰЩҪСС;ͽʲô
ǣˡ
ٴλصԷʱѾ
жһλΣϣ붯
ϼɫСѯʣˣٴЩţ
ȻոڳԺʱѾĸЩţȴ˲Ǻθڣûö١
۾ҡͷˣǺܶ
ϼǵؿһۣӦһ˵
ʱ֪ǰˣѩСū˵æһܻͰŴ£Ȼȥˡ
Щƿӹ֪ݹſֽдµĵСüչ
̬ܹгΣóÿһֶ洧ĦȷʵȦɵ㡣
ˡ
һߣֵص븮ϽԶһֱֵݵ䣬ǰͨʿ𴽽ǡ
ˣһԳ˵Ҫ
أ
ء
Ƶüûκ⡣
½󣬾Χͬǵ˱𣬴īת뿪
Ӱһʧپʹһ𣺡˵轫ĴĸôȥҪŮļױˡ
轫ѾӵɰǰǼױҲûȥģ轫ǹ۵İɡ
ϹҼС춼ͳе˴ˣ˵ȥļױ轫ϵһǮ
Ҵĸ˽ȥԲ֪飬ҾӦǵЭˣǵױ踮ǸСѾͷλĸַˡ
ô˵Ҽ轫·ھ⣬Ҵĸʣȥ·Ҳʹ졣
٣˵⻹пܣҪôû轫ȥңǽ轫ء

踮£֮ǰڸô˲ٳаյߡ
ֱϳӶԽСϵļױ˻ȥ˲˽ɡ
¶δʲôëݵӵļױǳ£һ䣬չһֲ֣̿ᡣ
ȫһģλҵϣ뼸˻Ϻ󣬱㵽ķׯ˸ż䡣
ȫĦ֣̲סȿڣ尡¾˾Ѿ˵ˣⶼĸ£Ҳûǰ顣㿴ЩױҪ˾ٸͻȥܲܿҵŮ
²յЦӯӯؿǰλ״ƺĴ˾ˣҡͷˣܹҲûٶôĸûȥðɡ
֣һδεĳͻƺ޳ĴҲֻʣ˸顣
һΣԱߵһڣ尡ǰ˾óöī񻷣֮аҵ˪ҲʡǼռһŮ֣ҲŮžۡ
俴ǰɫȺ͵ϣûסЦһ
߳ʶº͵ģⲢǺ˵ġ
ǰعͼǺ󣬺ֵһλ߼ʶĹܶͺ顣
Ͼ˭һ˵ﻨƸȢϱȻڼ޽ǰ̥ᣬñӣر
ûԾϱڼ޽Һ۸ĸظ£ûҰ
С踮ֻ˰꣬ĸһ˺ü꣬踮Ŀⷿ˴롣
Ǹоһ棬ʵȴܲʡ
ȫ˵Ǹ½ǵشצƣԾһӣң֮СϵĿеõ֤ʵ
ҲˣڵҵҪλʱվȫһߣæǱĸӵĶֱĨƽ
ԭǻҪ˪ӻҵģӻҲ顣
ȻһӻǱŮ鸸Ĭ˪ûѪϵʵ˲²Сϲֵԣ˪覣ǶҲ൱
ˣֻٴζ֮ǰĸӵ飬ҽ˪踮ţûдСϵļױ
ˣҶĸӵĶ飬ȫĴ
úܺá
ţȷ˪׳ɹǽʱûʲô¶ˡ򽫺ͻʼҳɹϹϵҲ֮ʱ
ϧ첻ԸһҰ·࣬ʲ㣬ȥһӲ˪
һϣ˪Ѿˣûиͷ
ǵƣһǣȻ˾ԸĸӵҲ⽫ǶλɬļĨȥԺ
۾˹ȡ
ƽճ⣬Ҫ˼󣬺ٻ˹ĵƣǰЩǰ¶ĿҲ˼ɡ

56 
΢΢һЦ, ùһöӣ߿бƵؿڣǰһصͼǺ˱õλ, ²ͼֵͦ󣬾жжš
ʱΪ£Ǳʹ糯ϲңҲ񷨣Ϊ٣ʥϷּдԱӡ
ȫλ鶼ࡣǶСС, Щ֮ǰ֪飬û˵
Ȼҵʱ, λдӣ֮ԱУȴʥʵɣ˵һŬΪѰ֮Ļ
һ¶Ρ
俴ǵı, »˻, ЦԱӽȥ, ֮ǰε¶㱻Ĩˡ֮ûãȴҰʾ, ΪѰ¾͵Ϊֹ
˼һʱ, ĶתΪ, һҸɴӵ˶Էʾ, ֻ֣ܺúżǣҪһЩûҪġ
˼ţλײҲûٲ顣
⻰һ䣬ҵȫԭأľ
᲻˲λӵ£ĳй㴫ļϢȫͻ߬ȭͷط
Ȼȫ֪ܹѾǴƷٵʩѹĻ
֪ĬŮͻ׵ͷͳ׶ˡ
ЦһۣھǸˣʥϵĸ
ȫ
λϣ
ȫȻ޷ܣ촽Ȼǰ֪ˣΪεʱûк˵һƭң
תͷͻȻȫߡ
ַԨһȫոҪǱһˮŭͻȻһ͡
ôˣҡ˵Ĳ𣿡
һۺڽΪڵĸףŸҴñǰƸСǰǰ˴ҲʱѾʣʲô֡ˣΪҪϸŸ㣬˾ˣ
ȫ
ɫǺ죺Ұĸôʱ䣬ҳԵʲô
ͷԣôĸӣٸʵʵԺһױ˾ǲǸÿ֮ǰҼߵǴҲķϣĻмԵҲʲô
㣡
俴ȫó˵ģЦ˵ϲڵĻҳ˾ǲ̵ģȴΪѾʥǰ·ԭ򣬲òòͼױ˵ƾʲôҪ֣
ȫ
뿪ׯżڵķ۵ɫ
ңĸܸӡ
мУŤɬʹȴҲû١
Цۣǳ⣬ԼλСĸġ
׸ƣΨͼ
ʱøոչǵС϶ĺһݣϣһڱ߹أԼ̳踮ȫŲڵԵɺĸСƲԼǵ
ڼȻǷҲϣԺ²ü档
պݣ˽ױ踮ſڡƴǺνЩױء
۳аնزʲô뷨Ͳ²⣬Դڸһ䣬֮˶Ĭز
ңһϵؿűž̳ӺȵȫЦƳɿգӦӦҵøϽЩױҪȥҹŮ޷ȥ
踮֮ìܣ䲢ûкֻ̫֮࣬Ǳ񣬱ֻ顣
ˣҲûжʣֻǵͷ֪ˡ
俴Ѿǽϵ±ʱ䣬ĿˮҲˣ۵ϧ˷ܣתΪź
ֵؿɺôˣǻʲô£
ʹҡͷ£ֻһʱ仹вٹҪβܻЩæЩź
ˣЦӯӯҵʲôأȻǹҪȷæ꣬ʲôźһԲ˾ǡ
ζؿһۣͷƣ˵е
踮˳˳ȹһµ»ڣһɹھ½½ʼӵʽ
ЩһЩͻ硢ȫ硢ʫ磬·˷ֻͼи߹ǵĺլŮġ
ΪˣﻹרȥԺȥѰĸҪ֪踮֮ǰǷнû򽻶˼ҡ
ĸڿľϣЩɪָ߹ٷǵ룬һ㶼ǲȥġʲôҲȥҲܸоڿңһ㶼Ѱɸؾ˵ġ

ԣһֱ踮ĺԺŮϵ״̬ǿհס
ĸϵίæõģܾҲ;ܾˡ๫λߣͼеһ˼Ҳҵǣ֮ұȥ̽̽򣬵Ȼ֮ĸ˵˵֡
ĸһϽȥʱСЩҺ˵ǺЩ˵ǹģЩֱַԺ󣬲βоʹǮһ𡣡ֻҪȥС
˵գĸֶЦȥʱҲ۲쿴ȻҲЩƽ۾ͷϵķǵ֡
ɴӦһʹ˵Ϸƺðɡ
ȻѾͨܣɹĸģĸú졣
ӳԺ뱻ĸɹǮһյһ
޳һЩ޹ؽҪĺ͹ģģ˴ѡݡ
ֻЩ˼ڹٳеĹϵȷϻʣپȥļҡ
ǮֶԴ˲ѧϰϷǿ⽻ϣֻྭΣͲ֪дžϡ
ŴЦǮ̵ֽĺá
˵ѧϰĸǿ˵ĸǰ㣬᲻ģͽԼڹУŻȥΪı䡣
ŷŻӦԼԼȥӦ
ɹú
صԷʱﻹδ˯Щ졣
ЩʱѾҹѾ˯죬ͻȻϲδ޵ӣϲδֳĵɲɷϵð龪ϲ
ôû˯ԣΪԼһ衣
ʱУǽΪȵʱ
ԭʱҲѡ鷿˯ͻÿļͿģͲסȡ
ķǸʱ鷿շת࣬ѵ㹦ԷҪ˯øӿٺ
ЩյһЩǮݣȷѯһ£ЩڹٳϵĹϵǷҲþӦһҵ롣
ֽϵһ忴£޹ؽҪ޳Ҳʣš
Ǯҹϵһ㣬λ˵裬ϲںլŮнύϵٰ롣ȥȥȥʶЩլˡ
ҹϵпɣλ˼ܸߣλͼе¶ƷԱȥΪ˰㲻̸һȥ
¹˼һ⣬ֱӾܾ˱ɡҪѣȥһʳϾЩ

57 ͻ
ｫ⼸һһ£ұȥǰ, Ǯ˼ҵĺ˼ҵģʶһˣҲΪۼںլŮһ
䴽, ֪ΪΣһֱΪǻ𾴵ľٰüޣڴۼҡ֣ЩĪȸԾ
ŬֻͼЩңʱ, ҪʹӺͻ
üһǷʲô£
ȴտڲԣֻעЩɡ
ĬĬͷ¼ĵס
, ˺Ǯ˻ӣӦԼ
ģһһؾ
룬˼ҵǰǮ˼ҵںΪˣֶ˼յ˼˼ʹϵ, 
һ, ٴǰ븮
ڴһ, һ̽촲ϵ
һЩ, Ѿǵź, ϸױ, ȡϸ˿˿䡣
ѡǼɫϸȹ, ͷ˿Σ˫ֱɫһˬׯ
ˣͱ׼ˡϼСܽ档
ž̧֣˰ͷбŵΣЦӯӯת񹴴Ǿ߰ɡ
ҵϣ棬ϸһɺˣǲЩˡ
ü˼һҡͷûаɡ
̧ḧһԼգСԲûٶ⣬Ӷ࣬˯̫ãȹȥ⼸¾ͺˡ
κܾԼڴӣҲꡣ
Ȼ糿岻ۣȴƣ룬Ҳÿ綼Ҫһߵϰߡ
Ǯֹɫ˿ţЦΪ˯ãӰ˰θҲ˵
ްСҲûȥ̫࣬ȹһӾͻֻˡ
һ·˵˵ЦЦִܿ˸ۡ
ﾭŮ죬ɺǮһҺլȥ
˽ĵصոĺ԰¼Ǹɫľïʢ֮︮԰ԾĻ䣬޺ǾޱĵޱӣǻδȴѾ˾ɻ¼ɫѤ̲ס
ŮĴ£˴к
˰ɣһһᡣһλԲĺƸˣﵽЦݺƣ
ЦӯӯףҼҷڹٳ࣬˽ύһȴδ뵽ңʵҸжϲ
۾΢һ£ҲЦԣԵ֣롣
һƽ񣬶תǮһ𣬸·Ů뿪
ȵ뿪˵ߣǮֲɫǰϵˣոλ˺ЩԾ
ףʾ֪ȴûжԡ
ûһŮ㽫˴԰Ůǵľۼλ룬Ҫź򣬿ʱū澡
ɣȥɡ
̧Ĵƣ˴μ˼ͻģլŮˣλδֲ󶼼ͤͼɽӰ£ÿһĺõص㡣
էȥóóȻ룬ʧ
Էжһ̧бǰȥ
︮԰ֲ˲ٸߴڣ֦Ҷشء飬¼˿ⲻ͸
һغľʮաΣˣֵĺͯǵЦ￴ˬ֡
ﻺ±Ա߼λ˽̸ǰЦͯˣþò
̧ͷ۵һ˿ϲæƷ׸һ񣬶Цˣû뵽￴㡣
ǰڻƽڼʱﻹһĹҴ磬ⷢһ𣬵ǶֶׯĪ֮ס
ϲﺮ䣬ֲɫΧͷ΢Ĵ
ΪλոջھĴƷá
˺Ѹһ䣬תܸλˣλ֮ǰսӵھˣһֱѾڿɲ˻ᡣ
ѽˣһһᡭ
һѾٰһλϣһЦǼˣҼǸѾͷ˵ôûϸ棬һؿʣɽʵͷЩˡ
ǸãպҸлŮʱٽСһ𣬴һˣˣ
Ůһ㣬λҲһ
Ǯվ󣬼ʼշִƳȣ۵׷ɿһĨͣĵش
ĵòڻ԰һйŻһȤǷ˵ҽOO뵽ҽ𣿡
룬пܡʱʵڲýԸ̣Ҳ˵ҸоŮѧЩãڿ궼ûĥ飬Ǳһкη
˵̲סŴЦǲ֪СѾͷÿÿϾʱվһô£Թİÿÿ뵽Ҿ̲סЦ
ֻƾ˵гҲЦұһ̣˵¾ܲѧỹÿ֣һᱣ֤ËOOˡ
ҲˣʡѾͷ۰Ͱ͵سʯԶԶ̧ͷڲԶˣŮᣬֻѧһ꣬ѧᣬ֮ұҲѧˣѾ
Ŵʼս˵óҲ
ûһ˱ĵһȥЦ̡
֮ãִ԰ʶ⼸λõķˡ
ЩУְλиеͣ˵̶һʱ䣬ܼٸ飬Ҳ˸졣
֮ټҲΣ֪Էա
Բ˽ǰŮͶӭ˸飬Ҫ԰пλ֮ǰδڸ߹ٺլ罻Ȧֹڻ԰лֽ޴ʱͿ뼸λΧһպгЦ̵
ˣ龰ﲻԡ
פ۲һҪǷԼĴȻʵǣλԭ֮ҡ˺ҲûнӴи߹ٺլŮˣľǰӭ͵һĺ԰лˮ
ȻʱʵǴҾһг̸죬˻оĴЩ²
˵ûסǾۼͤУ˴к󣬾Цеѯ»β磬ʲôӦ
ü䣬ºͶϿңδл˵룬ʱʶôƵķǡ
Ӵˡ
Ҳһʣɺ֮ǰûء
ҹһɶׯƷˣСϣ᲻Ӧ

ͤеŮһһĿţȫЦӯ棬˿߾Ӧ֮ǰλ˵Ǿׯ
ĸ˵˼ңȥ˻ϸŵǡ
ŮڼǺ󣬶֡

58 ɻ
, ϻһֶص
Ȼȫ̻ģֻҪڳı飬ΧķǾͻĪһҪߵ.
Ҳ, ڳУ仹СģȴĪͻ¶ܻӭ
ЩڿһʵĿ佱ǵЦûάסҾͷˣÿıá
ڻ԰һ, 뼸λƷٵĹԱ죬仹öΪƳ硣
, ŷˣŬõĳͨмҷ˽ס˴ǰ¸ˣմǱ֪ͤλ·˭
ھǱͤλԶȴҲܴſλ·λ˵ġ
λ轫», ǰЩѾھΪƷ˵λ
Ӵ, , ࿴֪λиķˡ
ɲǣλ˲ׯºк, ̸仹, ·, Ҳȥʶһ

ĺһ, Ӳ̧ͷԶͤǵϤӰֻԼԭЩȵ壬һӺǡ
֮ؿ֮ǰŬͽļλԼһȥͤǱȥʶˣݺҧǱͷͷ·һֻε֣һһ
ǵϴʱδǰ
ʱҡŶӵС֣߸ϵؼ䣬ڣѾ޸˷ͼǵ轫ƷھˣȴֻһƷҵĶϱ
ϱ˵ھҲǡ
ΪǰڹڹԺӦŻŻ󣬺ݺݳһͨúǲ⡣
๫ƫС檣ĸҲ˶ǿۣء
ټʷǳ⾰ϸһ޲ýԼȺУ￴䣬档
һʼȷʵúܺãûԼߡ
ȴδ˼ҵʱȴڲڼ̧ͷ
򴽰꣬Ӳվĸɫ԰ףȴֻͷһһף֮
ɳһ֮һպ졣
Ķִδ仹бѿ
ֱ˵ⳡͻλεˣͼǵĸ߹ٺլŮѾ˲
һʼûб˲û졣
ڻؼҵϣﻹšüЩ⣺֣˵ûλȷʵԾ
˵ڹٳϵĹϵȻȴ֣ͻУֻλ˿Ŀѱ档
˵ʵҲϵ˫ȴ࿴˳۵ҿ϶Լλղ޽
Ƿ˱ȴ˻ѯʿǮֽ顣
üɫ˿ĿȷʵǸʡ
ޱһ壬ɲΪЩϸ֦ĩڵС£ơ
֮ļգ䲢δңҲ֪δȫʱܵֻò̹ܼת˵ʱй뿪ͼһʱ䡣
Ҳ޷ֻʱѹĵס
ֹգǮ˵ʳ٣ٴǰ
˵֮ǰǳͻ磬ͼͷĹԱҷˣôǮⳡʳᣬĶƷµĹԱŮ죬ԼǴһЩϵ
һΣ֮ǰ˼ʶļλ˴ףú˳
λ˴һһ̸תͷ԰һǣյϵλһϮɫķûλǷͨмҵķˡ
һ٣˳߿ȥ
ͼһλΪ̬ϲˣ̸ˬʣֹѣ˲֪䣬㱻Ⱦ
δ޵λĸ
뵽֮ǰĸдʱᵽģҷ¶̬ȣԼէȻͣڵһ˹վ֪һ̧ǰȥ
ˡ
һתͷͶߣǵЦݺԵգǳЦڣ˰
΢һӾ˰ء
ϲɫ񣺡ڼҿɺãĴһδӰ
Ца֣ˬЦҼҴڼиƼء˵ҼѶ£㲻ͷ¶档
ŮӶºȷʵӦ߶֪
ֻһͷѯһҵ¡ȻλԹҶһֱûоͽ˸һ׼š
̸λ˾Ѱ˸׼뿪ʱֱӿڣڷҴҼҴܵ£ѯһ¡
˶סŲͷ
֮ǰĽȣʿǶк
仰ֻԭȵСС֮ŮڵƷ֮Ů˶µģȴѼ踮Ʒҷˡ
ǽĻشͱҪкúõ
аתǧأ̧ۣ¹Ц⣺Ӵ˵ʲôпܣԵôҲҪȥֻǼй˼ǧذתģҲʵû취
֮⣬ﲻǺ붮
ңֱǰλˣֳǰˬʴĻ
Ŷ𣿡ڣĿƽ
ȷˣڴҾ͸ˡһ֮Ѱ˸µ뿪
Ŀŷ뿪Цǳ
ſˣߣŷҶԷµ뷨㻹׼
뷨ʲô뷨
Ī˻߼ޣ
ǶڷƷͨеŻԣռҲƷŻѾ͡
ص踮ã̧ͷɵȥҲ̹ܼѰСˣǰҴ̽̽븮Ķ
ǣˡ
ڶ죬СǱߴ̽ķ븮ûͽӵĸš
żչĶϵԽࡣ
ɶ˽һ̸㣬ϵİϣǵˣռҳʲô£
￴ˡС⣬ֻһθڶޡ
Աƣƽڣȥռˡ
ʲôɲ˼صɴ۾
ﴹ꣺ĸʱûͬ⡣
ӦҲֶá
ոԴźû죬ϻ˾ΡĸڼмΪܺͶֻ׼ӵ¶پټǨ
ʱǱߵլӦҲðһ˹ȥոպá
ƻͦãڣʶ׵λƷͨмҵĵճŮȴ˲ӡ
˵ԷȻܹոֻһʱԸʶ£ռҵ鹰θߣԷ൱ƷӦø˲ǡ
Ȼʵȴ෴
ĸεŹ˵һ¼еĽ취̽һ£˻ǹ˼ֻĸ˼
Ѱ˼ϴμʱ̬ȣȻ֪λ˼Σλǿ϶˵ġ

59 
ԭһ, Ǵ˼Ѫɴ۾߷߲ƽˣҾ˵ǼС˲, ҵţȥΪȥ
̧ͷɡ
ˣǡڴʱϼ˽ҪˣոīС˹, ˵Ѿ˳ǣȥֵ, Ӧܸϻ÷
۽޲˲ϵֻ߬ͷá
˵գ̧ͷǰɣȥʱϸСһעⰲȫ
Ц, ظ, ͷĺˡ
*
ͨм, մӼĸԺ߳ƽ޲, ȴһƬ
ռҵĴϲ, ԭǼҵļԲһЩ, ˵һʼ֪, ѡǼĸѡĵŰദöԷƷòԺãټţ𽥵ģԭдеЩС٣Ҳദɢ
ţ¶ԷŻ԰һЩֻҪ˲Ժӿ϶ȷ븮ߺù١
ڣռҴ˿нʿƷְĸڼжѣĴ˳ۡ
ԭţֻҪ̣ۿٹҪޣԺͺˡ
ȴδ뵽ĸȻѰ˵Ҫ˻飬ֻΪһŸŴԷǴƷԱһȥھΪ
˵ԷжӣǶӵһЩҲֻ޸һ๫Ҫǿöࡣ
ң¸֪ͨ
֪֮ͨǰ˻ȥո
ȻڼĸУǿӲؾܾˣȻصԼԺУûס
˸ȫ̵ĸҲһŶĺһߵοһšüѰ˼Բߡ
ԭȷ˸СŪһŵͼ޵ҲˣԷôƷҾ˵ЩС㻹ȷµļױԺӿ϶̫
ڣۿδүˣһȻǿСϺӡ
С㣬ȥү˵˵ֻҪүӦ˿϶˻顣
ſϣҡͷĸ˵ˣλƷԱǸ׶ͷ˾˾øҲӵŮͷ˾ףָ࿪ģ᲻Ӧ
ңԷǴƷպÿռҴ޵ĴƷƷ֮ϣĸ϶һʼԤʵ׼
ѾţһʼʱĸͿǹѡֻλƷԱ˵ŮһԺӵͨ檣״ƷԱƷ̫ߡ
Լ磬ԺŽѡȥֻԼһʵ˼ͥ
ȴδ뵽⻧˻һǼƽƽ
СС㣬СŽ˷ܵؿŷر߲ߵС㣬ū澸ղȥˣȥռ׵Ѿû˳ɡ
ϲ˫ֺʮ̫ˣӡ
Ҳ̧ͷĿӯӯϲǳ
Ȼֲ֪֮뵽ʲô齥תɬһû˳ɣеڶΡΣ֮ĸҪΪ׵ġ
ô찡ҲÿʼתȦүҲڱʡѰ˰æ֡˵ţһĶͷڣҪȥմɡ
΢̧Ӳʪ۽ǣüҡͷԹŸĸ֮ý֮ԡһˣܾҸĸ뷨
ңռĸѾռȥһס
˵ԷʱûʣҲ֪£ռҶԼ϶û˺ӡ
֮ǰƽʱһյӣӴ֮ԵļһʹʹԺ
ãӣ˫ͮͮˮеļ۵𽥸ֳһ˿⡣
*
ռң˫ֽס°ͣǰ鱾
ڷҵ״Է֮ǰ˽⣬ԭճŮĸȴ󷽣вѧʫʸ踳һͨ͡
⣬ҲֻǽڶԷҲռҺĸǰ¡
ζԷǰ׵̬ȺǼȻĸûʱӦȴԷŷ񲻼ߣˣĸײӦ
ůӴڷӵ˼
ʻ̧ͷ򴰿ŵյԾŴ۾
ƿ鷿ʱͿŵ̤ǰɻȻᣬβִһѣ
ջߣҡͷֻƾ岻֡
Է֮޼ɵ˻飬һΪ׵Ĺְھͼʹ˫ʲô֮ڹٳҲϽ
Ҳǣĸ࿴һλѡӦǱռҪ̫࣬ǵļǺ޺ͱܱǽλûҪߡ
갼ڵģȴȼ˺üʵȥҽ򰡣ô飬϶ó⡣
ֵͷ˼һεʷ븮Ǳߣһĵ׾ˣҲŬ룬ȥʽ򡣡
޷еķԣŰϵıӸŵǰԺ鷿󣬸ѯڷͨмҵ״ŴڵϢ
һվ𣬽ѯ㱨ϢĲϼʱռҷʲô£
ʱɫѾʱϣм£صӣš
ϼֻҡͷĲֻ֪մȥүǰԺ鷿ڻû
߬ӣ۽ޣԭһ׻ǿڣ˵յӸһǰԺ鷿һˡ
ǣˡ
Դ֮˫ռ͸Է
ȫȨƹܸȫȨƹܸ
е˱֮࣬ûв鿴ǰԺ鷿Ҳû
Դ˳ףһֱϸ˳ǰԼӲ磬ȥ֪̽䲻֪̽һС
ڣȴĵļ״ԼܴʱǰĿġ
Ůϵʱʸմ鷿߳մһɫɫݿʣȴ۵׻֮ȥأȾϼĵĳ
״̬Աȣվ鷿ſڵһϮ쳤ۣڻƵϼ³ԽԵͣĶš
Ȼһ鷿Ժ䣬߱ϣɫޡĿӣһ˿Ŀⶼޡ
ע⵽ĵ΢üӵؿԶһ̤鷿ķˣתͷֽĿ䵽ϼŸϡ
ܡ
һģֻԱƽһ־ϲһϲãһּ
ƽʱģЩͬ
Ķ䲻ض˶
㡣飬۵滺
첽ǰǵѯʣǼгʲô£
ʴ򣬴³һ仰ҴСˣڻȡ
һ
ǰŽҵѯһ䣬žˣͻȻתԺЩѣ
ô᣿
ϡǵãһλЦرľƯˣ
˵ʵۿɼĵ

60 
Ҳ֪, ʼվûյİϢ
ɬĴ꣬ɬѱ棬ﵣ, Ҳûֱӽ˵˵
׺ԭ֮ǰʶķ븮˰æѯһ·Ǳߵ̬ȣپԼ¡
û뵽һȶȣûеȵ븮ǱߵĻش
ѾҪ, ϶·Ҳ˵ʱȴǱߴϢ
Է˵ҴСĨ˲, ѪһأۼžҪˡ
˵Ѿ˸©κϢʱҪϵ
ϢʱԴҪըˡ
һ벻̫࣬Ƕ֪ͨ, Ҫ˫踮
Ҳû뵽Ҫ, ϲϲһϲ, ȴᷢչ֡
̧ۼʴɫɣ۵ǽƣ, æӲϼŵ, Ӹ˹, Ȱ壺ٵҲ޼, ֻܵŷ븮ǱߵϢЩ
ʵθڣҪƴǣȷʵǱȥ֮ĸһѯʣֽ̧ӹյϵл㡣
ܹɵؽӹҲۣҪţָ࣬Ҵ֮󣬲ܴѲѳء
˼ҵôڣ֮ɴڸ˸ɾ
ɿü̣ɫƣϽذɣǱߣҲ㿴ţһϢ˻ȥ˵
æͷҲ̫ģ£ҵķһ棬ļҲһ档·һ£ʱҵһң˵ΪռҲԸҹĨĲӣá
Ҳ뵽һ㣬üȥҲοһĸףǼҲû취β£Ǹﲻæ
˵̸˺һʲɫ磬ת买񣺡նлɫȸǡ
վ鷿ſڰûüףҲúϢī⣬æմ븮
ǣմ롣
ǴӴܻʱŻȻע⵽һʼվ鷿ſڵ䡣
ͷѾнԶʱӰ̧ۿ˿һ쳤ۡɫ˫䣬΢ŬǳЦ
ƺţ
ĿỬпտҲ룬üЦӸ
彩Ӳһ£ֻһ˲ز
Ҳӡ֤֮ǰжϣղżĴڡ
ţ۵׵ɫ
ȴδǵϸ΢ĲͬѸж˷ǰľƺٿڣֱѡ̹ϣѰ˸ͷܼһˣɻ
䴹ϸƷƷֻȴû˷ʱӯеůС
ԣұǸͷ
۾ͻһʱ鼱ˣһ롣
侲ؿǰŬɢѶϢŮӣ۵׿һĨĹ⣬𴽽ǣ˵ͷ
ҪһЩ
ɳһæڣǣϾͻȥš
˵գӯӯһ񣬴Ůת뿪
֮󲻾ãϼ鷿
ӽ鷿ʼͺ踮ҹ棬ͷβʹԴҿһۡ
Ӹ̵ݸī⣬λø˸ϼ׼ˡ
ȴת뿪֮ʣͻȻԽסѯʣ˿˵ʲô
ϼɵĬĬҷĵ飬أﻹ˵ʲô
үѯʡ
򴽣ǣ˵á
䵭ƳһۣЦһҲ֪˻ûš
ϼ㷣۽⿴ԱߵīԼ֣æɳһٴδҴһ񣬿첽뿪
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﷭һöӣ֮ҧƣз˿ɬ˵Ĵо
ǿġ
ôĶҲ֪ôһǶȥġ
ţյӸں˸ɾ
ֻռӸȵЩɫɲԶˡ
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촽һ㣬ǰż
ˣȴֻſţŪ±
ҪǣѾ뿪죬ոջȻûڵһʱעһۣô˷˵ģ
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ͻȻļСԭõѸ
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俴۵Զ׼ǣһȡ㿪ʼš
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˳ǣȴѸٵϵʳȴһθҲޡ
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俴飬۾ҡͷãЩ̫𡣡
ﴹЦºƣôᣬרΪŮˮڼ䲹Ѫ֮ã֢״ҲܶӦϣӦöЩ
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ں룬ܸá
䣺
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Ҳ˵һЩԱ֮
Цӯӯڻδˮаء
˭˵ѪһҪǿˮӹףǿΪñع̫ıѪ

ݻݣ
ݲȫݲ
̧ḧ޽ǣΪ㻻һҩЪϢʱҲЩ
ʮȦͲţ˿ڻѪ
Ҫǹ䲻ͬ⣬ڶ빱׳ԼĿˮרСӣڱֱѪ׼Ĵ죬
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ҲŮ˾ܾҪӲϵûƷ£ֻһڴϣȡ
룬һΪȵ̫Ĺ
㱼䣬Ժлι֮ǰ鷿ʱȫȻӵ̬ȣǼغ߳һ졣
ͷѳŮӣ磬Ƥѩף
˰ΣͻȻüһᣬѹϡ

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Ȼ󡭡
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һĴ, ۰׵裬һòȫĴ־
Ķһ٣̧֣Լͷ˯, ۵ɫ˷ܡ
Ȼأйصһд˶Ժ, ʼԺбŻ֡
ͻȻЩɿʵĴ꣬ҵģ
׵ȵˮȥףȣνʱ˺͡
ʱʱ
ｫǴߵġӡ, üչ
ԭΪԼܹ˯þ, ȴû뵽, ûڴӵξбӡҧѡ
ҵһҹһո´ţһ޵·ԽԽߡ
ҹս, ֡žžž, һҹΡ
ڶʱ, ֫, ۾ġ
ʱϵ黹Щ㱣һŽҹһһ

ʱûĳ˯ǰ˶Ҫȵ˯ź˶Ӱ
ݺݵر˱ۣоԼһаԼ
һϹ򣬲ۣǱ
ڴ˻Ų촲ϵ
һξͺã´һҪΪ䡣
밲֮ǰɳȥ̽븮ϢС˾ʹϢ
ͨмң˽Ϣʵս븮Ĵ򣬻˽Ϣ©
ŷͨмҵĴŮԭȶҵĴӣǸʱռһǸͨ˼ͥʱǵͼޣ˹Ҳͬ⡣
뵽ڣۼվһٿнʿھְ鹸ˣͥˣͨмҵķȴ⣬ôżŮҪź£Ҫ⻻һš
˵ͼλѾλӵĴƷԱжŮͨ
ҴһʱܲʣֱѰ˶̼
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ǷͨмҵķԭȿŻǺõģû뵽ȴˡ
úһӴ˴ˡ
ͨеķѾȥռˣֻûͬѡӦǻˣúõĺ±˰£
˵˻ôͳ˰£
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ͨз˵ϥҲŮݶҲ֪ԼλŮŴ١
һλĸףֻ֮ඡ

̶̲һ죬ͼйڷͨмҵ԰Ծϡ
ԵʱԸӡ
ڵõϢĵһʱ䣬ĴɣѯʶԷҲ벻ȥѰ˶̼
Ժ˻ãûˣһ԰
ˣڳаǵĹŴ̽£󣬷븮İԴµı仯
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˵ʵúõһź±ѪɫʺĸŻ˵ĺãһͨҲʵ̫
ȻҲҿʱʱûɿڣҪȻָлᴫռҲص֮Ļء
ĸʣ룬ûסڵʰ˵Ը᲻Ҳ̫Щ黹ûôأĨ˲ӣôԽԽЩûţ
ʴǰյбů紵һȦȦü˼⡣
ʱĵδңܻѡ񾡿֣һϡ
ȻλﵽǶһ࣬ҲദΣģģܹԸ
ոձ󣬾ףǾûиκλ·ˡ
ãǰĲյѾʧȥ۽޲Ų˲ҡͷܲܲɣܹ֮ҲҪȥһҲһ档
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ĸһ̾ϢֻԴЩɣǻߣӹûãûȽţ߸սž͡Ǿ̫ˣ˵úõġ
˵ҲüεæܵɣҪΪߵǱߵĽȡ߻ȵȵȣǱ壬Ѱһ棬ᡣ
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62 
һ侲, Ҳ˼ףЩͷ۵ͷӻ󡣡
ʱǺö˶˵;Ȳˡ
ԭֻΪλƵĹ, ȴδ뵽λ˸ҵŮӡ
룬ӽտʼӦһԼλеδޡ
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踮̵ĵһÿʱȥоȤζ
ȻͷȥԺĸ̸ʱ, 㲻, ĸ۵״Ľ, ЦĸȥҲȥġ
ǿɲв, ĸæ, ȥϿεСѾͷ, һ, һ꣬һʮ̫ȥǶ಻˼
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ĸЩȷ̧ͷҡУ
Ȼԣо˼ǱȴһʼѧȽһ֣׼ȥѧʱ򣬽ȱ˪ѩĶҪ졣
ĸ˵»ЩӵģԺԼҶϱܶģǰٰӦˡ
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һĺ˪ѩ˴ûȣһʰ
Ȼʱӳ𽥳Ϊе䣬ʮϴ룬ôҲӮĸʡ
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˪ѩǲףϻͷ֪ˣĸס
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ͯOһλرСĺõĽԼ毺õ٣ಢδ˸о̫룬ΪϵķװСһ㣬Ϊϲ
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63 Ѿ
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ڼ͵͵ϰˣֻһ, Ҳߡ
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ȷʵѧᣬȫ̶ӡ
鷿һǣ质˵̸졣
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˵ռҵλСĸ̶ֻ̼棬ΣǴϵġ
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ڴܸӣۣ˵öԵ㡣质һ
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ʱ÷۰֮ڣҲӦ
ԾƽظԼĲԽԽоªֱӡ
˼Ѿһʱδϵʣɫѱ棺Ҳ֪һߵöԲԡ
ԵģС㣬ô̤࣬һ϶ǶԵģ̫̫϶һֱףء
СֻţԽԽãԽԽõġ
ֶžӿһλƿߣ½˿Χá
ĵذϣżҪ踮ʣһʱЩ
*
Խ踮еվԽ죬ĸڸйһȦսĵص㶨ڸк԰ԵĻ̨С
ʱ磬طܿɫܲǺҵļһ۾ۣҲܶ࣬طǲյصе
ĸԼɺǸˣöһߣרĵﱸ
ǰ죬յʫ˻ԼͬظһǸԵԻ
дȤԣνǵģĵףǡ
ﴽЦ˵Ļչϸơ
ʫˣһλϢ˶һһЦǹйŮĵ䷶޴󷽣ƻ𣬿·𿴵˻԰õǶɫǾޱ
ˣТ֮ǰϿɵλѡ
ָỬϤӣ۵׻һĨ
˵ף֮Уʡ
ǰϸشԼµ١ʺΣΣڵ鷿С䣬ɰæĥֽ̿ü˼һŸϸϸ
չʱѾЩ
ڣæýŲմأÿֻлظʱʱȻ۽üҾմȾŵƣȴǿʢ
ʱδѾڵѯѾߣأ
СѾһʼԴõ͵͵ģŵʹɤһûס̧һͷþµС৵һ±˷ۺˣ۾ˮˡ
΢ָԼճϸϣߵزС鷿
ؿһۣס
СѾȴܵʲôڣշյ֮˱С鷿Ӧڻ滭
Ȼǰһܹ˵ȴ壬һζ

64 
踮ү, ƷְԺãԺԵݺݺࡣ
Դ˳, ˱һֱ˾סһǷ˿ˮڼ䣬Ҳ롣
ĺˣֻһңҲϱӻһĸ
СѾͷ踮δж೤ʱ䣬ŹϵԷ
˵д, ˲ϲѾֱͱϳ踮, ߸ɴظӡ
ڶԼòζŽ׶εСѾͷаϾ˵δҲ̫ԲһЩＰӯ硣
ǿı˵ؽٸ, , Ƿ͸ܲĶؿ⡣
뵽, СѾͷסβ̣ǰӵͳճﲨ
䴽΢, ۵׵ĳŨ
Ϥı, һ˲ǸЦŸ괺.ҩ, ҹĺˮ, ¶ϸ塢СĸӰغϡ
ɱ⽥Ũ棬ǿͣѹеĸת뿪
ڣԼۡ˽˵̣ûԥģ֣һסǰѾߵĲ
踮أѾߣֱӣѵδѧ
СѾ߽ץסԼĴ֣ϵĺ˲ȥ﷢϶ǵ
ֵصɴ۾ҪĺȣȴԼʱκ
ǰɕiףһ˲䣬ȴƿ˵ޡ
ʱҷС鷿Լ죺
ˣĻԽԽˣոԼλյĻһҲĻֽˡ
СҵĻȲˣϾڻ滭ϰʱû˳
߳С鷿ȻֹɻؿסһλСѾ߲ӵ䣬ɵץ̽ӣ
䣺
ۿɼģϵɭȴ
һ佫еӶ˳ȥſڵ˵ȥ̹ܼҴ
ǣү
λ׳͸룬ʼնʹԴ̱ڵϵСѾ߸˳ȥ
ȵ뿪ɵͷɴҲ˳ȥ
͵ߣΪһ²ݹȥ
ɫĪضһ˹ӹһƷһ߹۲ԼɫºЦôţ
ûΪԼ¶ˣԵܲԼۡԵ޹סһСѾߵĲӣԱضʲôʲôúµġ
ϵûջأڣȡأ
ﲻΪ⣺ҲҪƫ㣬⸮УӣһСϣǰӡ
Ŀ峺ġ
˿˵ⷬΪﻰû˿١
ϴ˰ΣҲδпԼ˿Ľ֮顣
ɳһЩʧ䣬ֻⷬӵľûϸֱ棬ֱѽشᱧӵ˴ϡ
ԺȦġ
Դ֮Ҳûб˱
Ůһ棬ԼͷȫǼеǱһ档
䲻ľ߰ȫеĵ棬˫ֽץסֱۣڵͺ󣬻ûŴбȥͱֶ˴֮ϡ
һ̣ǺƢҲͷ
־£ֱϣŭ⣺ʲô
šžžĴ۵׵ȫɢȥѸתΪһּ˷ܡ
ȻܽľͷһĹ㡣
оԼǰðСǣû˵ʲô
ûϸѯʣͼͻȻ崼дԵߴĶĤޣԴЩܹҴ򿪣䡣

֮ǰһҹֹġžžž͡žžžͺϵʲôԣֻΪ̫֣һֱû롣
Ϊ̫æ˲δٽйǰ㼤ҵĴ£ҲҽԺ
ڣ￴ҵκͼûסֱϺݺšһ¡
һ̣ͼظϣԤ׵ؿʼг
ȻʼľҶЩۣššü˫ֽͷش־ûһָͷӡ޺ҧ㲻𣿡
صص᲻ᣡ

ҲҵһҹȥʱЩƣͿã
ѭŹͷͼǰľɫѾÿ
£.ϣ¹ѡ¸
һԱر۾
棬ڼ޸֮ǰΪԼȻЩԸΪˣ϶ĸĸͻݳּңΣ
û뵽ˡ
֮ǰһҹܰοԼǴǾҲ޷ֱӹȥǸƵˡ
ĶתЦ컣ˣ
ɤ͸⣬дϷʡ
ﻺͼ֪ʱµѾǰ
գգۣ˽Լɵī׳ۻһɼŨҵܸ߳С
Ӧۻˣٶ˯һ
ǿסԼ򶨵ӣףǷߡ
ЦһûжֻǿЦڴұ⣺޿ܸΪһٱ񣿡

Уûһͱȵڴð
򴽣ӽ̽һֻ֣ʵ䣬ᴥһѰһ
ڷйŭһ㣬ݺݵšһ¡
ҵʹУ̲ס.
һߴִִϢţһôֽס֣Լ߬һ
ֱϽδطƣˮؿϷŮӣͷĶͷ̾ΪЩҡ
԰գ˹תϵ´

ת䣬˴üϣֹһɢĵ顣
״̬ԴԲҲδֹ״̬
оԼõ˵ͷţõһˣһʮڻ¡
ֻϧڰڵĴʣûз״̬յĲͬ
һֹ֣Էһ鵴ڸĴ䣬֮ܶ춼ҪԸеĸɫζ
ٺãֶŵҲϰˡ
ȰÿǸ鵴̬񡢲ʿйʳѾˣﻹʰ𶪵档
ʱֻĬĬŴĶԼŵ硣
գΪкÿһ밲ӣڴϴ˻𴲣Լ֫һߺһĬĬп
ڳǰĸ׽̵Լ׺ķֻڴϲɡ

65 
, ˼ңӦûڼ޵һ, ȴҪһָͷЩۡ
ϼױʱɫױ̨ϵľᣬԼ糿һ¡
ֻꡱһеľˡ
ڵѾǼžһ˲, æǰѳӽӵУӴ, ʰʱѹһ£ʱӦ𣬷Ҳڶϵ졣ҵһ£ﻹһµġ
ºס
Ѿ߷׷ɳһԭ˰Ǿ˵, ô
ԭǴ
ûбС, 仹о泩, Ī֪⣿
ױϣԺȥ·, ߾, 𵭵ǡ
Ϊܴڵǡ
Ժ, ѵ, һг֣׷
ĸס
Ⱦ˰ɣ΢ˡ
ûУĸס
ҲǸյ
ЦתͷŽȥͨӺܿСܳˣϷүСǽȥ
ͷ
ԺУĸҲոճһ󼤶ްǶʮ㶩һѣһǮָ͹ȥϲǾ촩ϣ·ϲׯƹģҿˣرƯ
ŴЦǵӭǰȥƹǿײ֣ϱã档˱лˣһƯ
ĸⷬϿɣ̲סϲ
־յ˵˼䣬ſ˪ѩҲʱΪˣ˽ӴУ
˪ѩ˷ף֪ĸס
ǸͳͬʱӴ
ĸɷġ
Сĵðųȥ䣺ܹ鶼ˣֻʱǴһ˵Сģ߾С
˵գ˵յİţȴ룬һ̧ͷסˡ
Ժ⣬ո䳡ѵϣӦǲδԷһҴҸ
β̣繣ϣɢŴδй͵顣
ÿ踮أеСѾߺǲ̧ͷֱ踮ˣ˿̵ģоЩСѾǾԵöӵϡ
СѾǿС˺ǶӦ˰
д˿ԺеһС
˿̶ֱ̼̣ǵºЦⶼάֲס
Ͷôһ鵴ڸҹ䣬Ժﻹֱͦ˶ȥϱͻ
ƤһСǰˣ
תͷܲһСͶʹȤߡ
䣬רİɡ
Լڵ״̬ûر׼ȷ֪Ժظĸ갲֮ŵ°ڣࡣ
֮ǰ˶ʱ糺죬ټ۽üҵ㣬Ϳʱ۵޲˲ָ˶
״̬̫ǿΪѾ޸еˣѳֲס
ĸҲܲԼӽ״̬ؿԱ彩ӲһۣЦüۣøոպãղǻ˵޵磬˵׼죬ֻݼҴһ֣ȴӦЩϲΪ׼
ĿԹʹͷĽӲӰЦѾ׼ˣﲻõġ
ĸЦøӿǱãǱá
֮ǰЩ꣬һֱŮɫ
ǰսϣܽŮɫ󣬸ĶСѾͷĿ֪ȴȫ˳ȥɲŮɫ
ֱĪ踮أνǲġ
֮ǰۼŶȢԼķˣ˳Բÿ˯һĸȻܿˡ
ȴû뵽ڼ泩⣬ӿġ
һʱѾõµĶϱӲذθ߼֡
ֻƼҹ£̶ܹܽŮźĸܽź泩Ķϱûһǲġ
һ밲ʱ䣬ĸû£
СżҲһһˣټĺļƢ
ȳ밲ɢĸĶǮֵ֣ǲҲоܲһ
ǮֵȻˣҲһСڱ»ڣԭ˵Ҳͬ˷Ӧĥڣĥϵʱ䳤ˣȻԽԽãҲܺг١
ǵģֻ洺ɫı֣ԲǸ򵥡
һǿ˵õ㣬ͷƸɺԾ˵أڵõ¶
˵ݷһЩΥͣȴǲԼͬ룬һ뵽˴ϡ
ҲˣҲŻǰ㲻ڡ
Ȼ飬ȷʵ봲йأ棬·Ǳ°
ԩ
صԷ˫ǣԵЩ᲻𾢶ŵӽյּһ󣬱ſϡ
ԱɺͲϼߣΪȡ
Ȼֿʼ踮ûпöϸֻ¶ʱǴſһۣ֪Ϊε䡣
룬ȰүãӦø˲ǡ
⻰ǣ㿴үڶഺ⣬ܲñֵ˵䣬үͷ顣

ǿɸϽǹĪϨ˰ɡ
Ϊ֮ǰϵҲϣÿղͲ֪㣬ɾȻֻΪɲЩˣ
ԽԽЩþ
˸пһһ̧ۣλŮ۵׵еǣһ٣΢
Ůӳ޺ҪԷΪ죬ܹѡѾ£ܸ
ԼӦڵһζĹ𡢱Ťգ˿洦
Ǿ仰ӦȥӦǵȻȥӦ
ﳤ̾һǿ𴽽ǣ֪ģֻǲôŵġ
һеԹ˵
ϼϲǾ·Լ벻ΪСүֱŤ
ʱӰ˷֮ĸ飬ñС˿ɳ֮ǿɾͲˡ
ڷܹ뿪ٺò
Ȼӡ֤֮ǰĻıȽ硣
ż䣬ＴûȥƣҲ۽üҿ˼ȸԾڴ
ŵͻȻоԼθЩۣȻԼϿҪ˫Ǿȶͷò͡
ùһݽצЦЩ
Լ˫֣ѾͷƵ÷׵ļצһ£Ƕ˿ӣл
βΣ
־һӵӸ˹ȥԼ־ģȴûġ
ҲЩ
볿䱻ϵǽľᣬܻе³
һöζȻӱ㽫ƬУϸϸãζ˵ĺҶˡ

ԶȴźŮѾǷ׷׽ͷʹشǰү֮ĸ飬á

66 
һ, ˲Ļжȹ
ϼѾ׼ʳ䲢δǰ, ֱǰǰԺ鷿һ̬ҲﲢС
ѾʶȤ󼸲λ㹻˽̸ܵռ䡣
죬ڼңʱǰԺӴܡܡ
һ, ɻ̧ͷǶæ
ԭ˵΢Щ
۾, Цζ룬ǾûȽҪԽ콫ĹƸ´ˡ
գգۣ⻰ڴݱ߷ؽ˼飬ϡЩ仰˼
һʼû׼̫ãҪ, һָͨͷͶ, ַҪĹҪôһ㡣

ᴹ, ǣл
䴹ɨŮϲײؾ, Ͳ, ԽȸԾ
л, һǵúúûͺá
ô, ݸһö㶮ĵ
Ӿˣ֪νӿڡ
ĬȥЩΣ۽գֱӵת⣺յȵ翪ʼǰ׼Ŵһ棬ʱǱһ
ͷ֪
˵ֲ֪뵽ʲôתЦҸоǼҽܵĻ¶Щ˳ҪҪʱȥݰݡ
תͷ䣬ĿⵣдżֽƣҶܶ׵Ǽʲôʣ
俴ټ¶ȣĿ΢Σ𴽰ǳǳЦδֻҵһ˽˽ˡ
ﲢȫţֿڲ䣬λܵδĸ컹Щ۶ӣ绹ǰȥӦһϺá
һ£֪Ȼ˵Ͷǰ֪ʲôϢ
æͷ£а˼⡣
λͻ϶Ʊжˣ֮ǰ͸𰸡
˵ֳǷ븮һʼΪ࿴õλƷԱ
ǰ£Ҫλȶ׶ĽĻ⣬Ҳ֪ûܡ
븮滹δģЩʲôСǿǷʤ
ѡŮǰȥӦһӦƷҲ׼ȫ
䴹ü׵ؾ˼ȫλվߵĿٱѹӸԺ󣬴ǱǳЦԽŨ
룬ͷյߣӨĶϣһϸľӨ׹ҹΣҸղ˵İݷ֮󲻾ûһιжʱҪ˰æڻ֪˿Ըæ
ȵϢеĶϣѸٻ
̧ԼĶԾؽԱ߲˲࣬ƽػȥش𣺡ޱһ壬ȻҪæԸġֻǲ֪мΣա
ްķӦֱӿڣΣղȫԴźһȥɢɢģĸ׾ʱˡ
ס
ֻ»ЩɣʲôŻҪڻֲ̫߱ΣգԴźһȥġ
ص޷ϴϣѾǶȥ֮бڴϣƵ£⣬¶һδȫµϺơ
üĿ繵ؿͭǰĥﾡδε˷궯ϦҪΪһҹ
ĬĬɿڣ
ȴûиڵĻᣬЦ䣺Ҳ˵ҪúôлΪġ

ǵʱδӦֻһȨûѡ
ȻȴѾȼˣȲرױԣ𣬰ӵŽ˴شԣ˰¡
طǰϼɫĴʣֽϵڲ࣬Ȼ̲סס׵裬ḧߵǣԽһޣ㻽弴ɡ
ﴹۿԼ˫΢һۣµǳǣƵĿⶢ£˶ǣ塣
³ϰŵ£ַǰȴ.ϢЩݻٲҡ

һҹƣΡ
ˣˣ⣬ѯʡ
ȻԳغоѣ΢΢ͷ͸λã˿ɤӣˡ
һҹҹϰߣҹƾͽϰΪ
δԼӦ֮á
ϴϣͭǰױ磬һͷͿױϲ֪ʱһöСɵĴɹޣʲô
ɿı飬أ²¿
ɻؽСɹʰüŹ໨յŮױͼӦ֮֬
ֽɹ޸Ӵ򿪣Ϳһ׵͸壬һƢһɵĶĴ
飿
ɫǳ־㣬Ǻ
𰸣ȴҡͷϲ̵үΪ׼ī˵ǹ͢רõļƷ֬飬үǰ÷ÿնĨΣýʡ
ﴹֿеľɹޣ۵ɫ΢֬飿
ҹ䣬ĳ˰ס˫֣һָǵĻ棬ϱ̲סһ˿졣
ǣˣˡ
ˣĶϸպðɡ
ɻҪȰۼɫֻź
ױϣɴ¹ȡĸרŸȹ
ɫرůɫױȹʵᱡ졢ǳƵȸɫ˿ߺͶ̹Ӵ䣬ĶѻһȥȵŴ󷽣ۺÿ
ǮֽȹԷｫȹչ󣬱̲סޡ
ڽȹԾպǲϲеԼ
۵Ǿޣһÿұ˵ഩЩرɫⲻ𣿡
ҲֻǶױϵͭŴЦ
ò˵Ů˶ǰġ
½𴲺ԾɸоƣµԼһ˷ܵľ񾢶
ǱҺúô䣬һˣ˼Һúÿ
ϣƺðɡ
Էſڣոմ䳡䣬һ˽
һ̧۾ͼݹ΢һ£˹ޣһÿ
ҲãоԼյĺ鶼Ǵȹӿʼģл͡
ؿһۡ
ȻϸĿڣ塣
ۣǰһվ£ûǲϲ
ﴹЦǶ̫ԺãʡЩ
ްʡɽСɹȡ˹Цᣬ鷳ҲްΪΪֲ顣
ЩӦؽֳ˳飬ȴûгأֻܵ鷳ˣԼɡ
ȴѾӴɹУĨһɫ֬ϸϸΪõϵÿһ䣬Ȱ룺ҵıҪúñ
ɵѾشͷ⡣

ǣ

67 ٵ
ǰȥĸ밲ʱ, ĸһװǰһ޵²÷Ȼò÷ˣռֱ, ޴ǼȺֺÿ
˪ѩҲڳԺԴĸ֮˱㲻ʱĻԺΣĸûзԣ밲첻䡣
ĸ׽Ưѩ
˪ͷĸҲã·ǳ䡣
ĽСѾͷ, Ҳüۣѩ˪ҲǳˣԽԽˡ
ڵļСѾͷ̲סͷֱЦ
ĸס
, ռȵ踮踮һͨѺ갶׵λʦŮУҲѵִ
һλüۻõĹǼϷˮǣٯ, ϷˮǵŴС
ټСŪīԺó, ռĸŮǻϲ, 갶λδҲάý
ۼһͨЦ̸ʱѾ罫, ĸΪŵķȴٳδ
ĸϲ, , 㲻õġ֮ǰ·, Ѿ˹ȥӦˣһǻ֪ʲô
ڽⳡմӽѾﱸܾã׼ȡһʧ
Ȼˣǵ͹˼ĸĶ⡣
ԴϴĨ˲ӣͨͼеĵƦԼҼĸ˾֪ݺݳĴȼ󣬼ĸ˵ףżĿȴɭɲý
֪ĸ֮ǰҲӦ
ΪЩУֻзڲʿ֪أΪĶҲ޼Ѱ
ֻǽգΪѾСķȴȺ𻵣·ƦС͵ԼѾ˫踮·˫ͷʱ㱻˴Ƶˮľ
СţŸմˮ򰶱ĸţ˫ЩԾڷ
ʱϵֻһɭ
ļǽճʱĶɴһˮ֡
ʱǸסԼºȥȲ۲Ѫˮ᲻ᷢ׶񻯣ڴͥ±˿ˣֻΣ˵ĸ֪ݺȥˣ׾ȫˡ
֮ǰƴҲҪµ£İ˼֮׺ҲȫޱµĿܡ
ΪС³óˮûһԼε˰ߣæöСУȡһ¸ϡ
˼ŮʱЯһԱǵʱҪʱҪҴҵؽưŪظС
ǰԭصȴظٻǰ踮
ֻʼշҲ϶ȥԺͶٻأ뵽Լõæһȥ׼֬
ļƫȣĺˮȴҲúܡ
һǱشźսһ̧ͷС㣬ǶѾߵˣۿҪˣɲܷ
Ծ˲ָ
ʵϣղһ˲䣬ȷҪֿġ
һ룬踮Ǳ߻аʱľ룬˭ܱ֤֮󲻻ٳ⣿
ңСլû߹Զ·ڿԽͼǣѾоԼĽŲԼˡ
ȥЬϸƣ֪ŵ׵ˮĥƣʪģĥˮڽ۵Ƥ⣬ÿһĵۡ
۵˫ȣԼƣ
ҡ
Ľк
ͷ㿴븮Ůһĳԯ֡
ϼż˵״æһλŮȡһᱡ񣬿ܵǰϡ
Ҽҷ뵽·Ͽܻʲô⣬ӣû뵽·߲ˡǸո˾ȵһȥ踮
ֱ΢ĵɬίϲһ㣬ǿάԼ򶨣ϼллˣлϼ
òãߣū澷㡣
ľпʣ˼һı衣һλСѾߴӰȡһѾ߷Σݸ
һߵϣӼȽͻȻİʣЩ㱡
յ裬ССڵѹеֻš
̧ۿŶɫɵĸͶ㣬ֿ۳ڰϰڷŵĵĺҩӿһů
Ҫȡģ롣
ƽĵ˼ĸ⣬Ǿ̫
ˣִ̧Сȡһ־žϸЩɢҵķͣþϵĺˮȡԱߵ֬Ρ
һԼڻܹΪ𵽵üޣֻҪܳɣԴӣƽĵؽƴһУȥػ֮׵Ҹ
*
ʱԽЩһв橵ִ踮ſڡ
븮踮Խͼǵϱͷýų̼㣬Ҫӷ븮踮һ綼һܹá
ҲǷҼ̷ڽغ󲻾ãϺɰԵɡ
ûǮ·ٳһЩ⣬طǱضִﲻ踮ġ
ֻδ뵽ڵõѺ󣬱λ˺ܲģڷ븮ŽӦ
Ϊ븮;صĵصһСУǲδȵ뿪ֻص븮ϼ˲ŷֳϲ޷Ҵ֪Ӧ֮ǰСǰ˳
һֻͷȥѰͼнֵ࣬Ӷ࣬Ҳࡣ
·תȥѰңֶ໨Щ򣬲ôǽӦɹˡ
ϼ˽ϴãһ
Ҳ·ϳʲô⣬ȥɾѴˡ
ϾήƣѾ͹롣
˽ոϹҩԵʣߵֻȻָյĴݵ塣
ڸͶ£Էȥ
񣬼ϷˣϷˣˡ
ٴγеķƣ۵ˮһֹȣ൱ϴҹŮĽ淶
մһϮܽɫĶԽɴѣ񻣬ȴݣֻ˲ŵľɫ˿ɴ뵽ǰһȲ㱻βҪĴš
ĸ۲һ侫״̬бȷ֣Ц˱·Ͽʲô⡣
ʹ˼·Щ⣬·϶໨Щʱ䣬óˣ뼸λ¡
ؾؽ·ϼһȻ˵ϧʱ½һ壬һŮг£ʵΪǡ
ĸһ֡
ֻ֣󷽣̸壬û˻ĵļĸͼ壬ĸ̲סϧһ
СŮΪ׼ף˻ޣˮ١
ʾ̸нӹ򿪣ͼһɵ˫ȡ
һΪһΪ
ŵŵ£ѤõѤõҫۡ
ֻһֳɫ幤ͼеĴ޹жռͷ

68 
Ӵ, ӿ澫¡ĸ˹һߴһ̲ס̾
ĸҲ̽ͷϸ, üҲԾ滺
лˡЦ
ϲͺãϾհˣҵޡ
ϵЦݼ
ʾȥ£ڼ䣬ֵָɫڷ, ʹĽ˲, δ
ȷһ£ɿ˫֣»صԭλվãڵļԵ˵ͷĸüַЩ
֮˱˵ЩɫȻ, Ѿߴȥ԰, Ѱμҹ͹Ůһ˵˵ȥ
ʹ, ֪ԼڱȥģӦռҴ, ֪Է̬Ƚ, ²Ѱ
ռҴֻ, һ˫ǰ, ĸǸߣһαǽĻƽż
˵μ˴Ů׽
ദΧʮȻڻָоʱΧ䵭ж̬ʵ޷š
ڼ䣬иǻûʧÿÿɱ
˵ףԷӦһϲߴϵˡ
ܲɣҲ㡣
˵ദǸڻ̽ʶá
*
Ŀŷ뿪ıӰ·ʱ⻺Ĳϼϸʡ
֮ǰ񵽸ǲδʱ˽γٵɣϾϼǸŷһġ
ϼڵһ񣬱㽫֮ǰ˽ͷβ˵һ顣
ϻֻ꣬Ѿ֮ǰѾ˲̵һ·µˮݶĥˣ˵ѾȫϹҩػš
໥һۣüĬ
ֻ۷񷽲ŵı֣ͷβ󷽣δ˿ʹ¶
ǲϼ˵˶δз
λͨеķⲻǴĻ𣿡
ĸ뱲˵ÿһֱ䳰ȷֻҪԼȣ˵òãҲɹŶһ
ֳ.ɭ⣬
ĸȥˣ˼ֲڱʡԶˮⲻ˽ʣֻܿԼڼĸĴĥ档ĸԴĸЩӡ
ЩɣЩڣʱӿͷģȴϧ
ϸ룬·չزҲ֮
ŻǷܹȥҲԸٶֻʸʸԼǡ
뵽ˣĸ˼Ŀ
һ£ЩЦõԲ
ûȥж۰
ĸҲӦĸ˼æΪ︽ͣ׼ֻܷģ޴ǼӱҺöˡ
֮ǰЩǵˣûмġ
뵽ֳ䣺úܺã׼ǧ
ԼҶϱԼһ׼ĸ۸
ĸŮżάԼŮģͷ첻٣ȴȤǶ࿴һۣѾͷôḻ롣

һߣڷִ踮ϼǰԷʱϳС˱ѾǰԺ鷿·ϵļ˵һ顣
Դӳ󣬱ϲŭɫ󣬻ûסüͷһ塣
ʱ䣬оԷǱߵ̸̫ãڵ˼𣿡
ҡͷû˼á
ļֻΣ˵ĴǺܶ࣬Ľ̸
һʼ֪ĸ֮ϵ˶ʱֻΪһλ֪ĴС㡣
Ȼھ֮ǰǼ£֪ԸΪĺЩ롣
˵֮ǰѺ⣬Լʱֻ֪ͨӲѡߵһ·ֱĨ˲ӣݾ仰ĹҲޣֱֵǷꡣ
˾ȻˣﵽʼĿģҲΪľٶδ˻£е׻˸
һźúõֵֵز²ɰ£ռǽҲףҲס
ʼΪδβҪֻҪ㹻㡣
ֻڣ¹λδӵԸ·һĽ̸
԰УѾһ̸һˣʱŻ԰ڴ
Цʣʲô
ЩɬǴ󷽷ػش𣺡Ʒɶʱ֮ǰûһֱҪʶһ¡
Цʱڻ
Ϊɶ
㿴ЦһȤΪĻڻ㿿ǰڿ϶ٶۻ
ʲôʱȥ
һѾѰýţʼ˵ˣֻһ硣
ûһСѾ߹ѰУ롣
Ѱ˸µɣֿ
ڻȹսǣһλֳȵȵѯߵСѾͷλռҶӣ
عˣλȷǸϷ˵Ҷܡ
ֻͷ࿴һۣڼλӺ϶Ȼ糺죬չЦιúܡ
ΪǼҳ룬縰࣬ϯŮϯ֮䣬ֻ˼˫˵Զһ
ĸŷ飬Ȼׯɣ۽üȴʱϲɫбס
ĸ˵岻԰ΣǸ¨ӣҵҲûз¡
Ϊרѵ˸СѾͷΪʦרŸѧ˵ԣÿӹñ̡
ǰĸΧһΰֳ˵鶼൱ܣһ㡣
ϯ䣬СΪ
˪ѩ׼ģǹҵŮҵλ͵ĸвͬ质͵ֻƵĻ质͵ֳдļμǣ质͵̵ֵһҾľ
ｫöľУ޵͸Ϲãÿһľĳߴ綼൱ϡ
ɼֳ֣ԸӦǴϸ
ֻľģЩ죬ϸƣҲûͽ֮Ժ
质ǡ质ЦһۣȻ质⼸ִźŬķ˽⡣
Ůϯ䣬Ůǵ̸ۻһʼͱȽɡ
֮󷢾еЦͣһֱھСԻ̲סΪһС¿ֱЦټһڽ̲סͳΪ̸ۺͶŪص㡣
Ŵ󷽵Цݣܼ߱λϲУ۵׻һĨĽȴιȥɢһա
ϯ䣬质ռֵ质ǡ质˼书μѧϰȺûסֱʣռҾ˾ˣĸСϰģɷһЩ̽ǰ
ʺ갣
ΪСΪ㱳ֵˣȻֻ쳣С
˲ɫ䡣
¾յ赭дؿ质һۡ
۴ȵ质͵ǣǽʣµĻɤûҼ³
ʺ갼ɳһһŪҽ㲢δϰ䣬͸ˡ
ǼҴȷʵûϵͳѧ䣬ǸС츳ѧС

69 
ԭСʱĸﳤ޲ȥ, ԶºѧαװһװǺܶꡣ
װԼɹؼ˳ȥɹĸʱӼ߰, ֻһΪŮҪǼֵǹİ
Ȼһ㣬ǼҲͬ
ֻΪҪİǴĸΪҪİǴ塣
ͷֲиϴˢ󣺡Һ˵, ҴƽһƢԵˣҲú, ǿɲ۸
΢ؿ
ҴĸСľ
ǸһꤵĻ뽲Ȼռ˶˵ˣҲֻ־һͬرˡ
ܹɴҪάס״ơ
ֵʱǹڶݣⳡϯ, Ǣ, ̸ܿЦߵβ
ռ뿪ʱ, ĸʹѼ, ŨĲ, Ǵ۽ü͸¶
䲻ɫؿһ, ĪЩ

һ, ڼʺȫûĴڡ
һθˣޣǴڼܵĴڣȴˮ̰ᣬĵֿҵļϡ
֮ͺˮ㣬˾ٰü
뵽ӢüֲԾ壬ⲻǰϣ״̬
质վ󣬿ŲԶĸһ뿪ǵ΢ֵСӰ
Щ·ʱҪĸߴ١
ˡ
΢ֵСæСǰĸ࣬Ѹٻ˪ѩ֣Цһá
ҹΪ˸ﵥźһصسȥһˣûһһ̳¾ơ
صԷĿ࣬ﵹһСԼһ롣
˳ִȡһ飺ǳǱߵһӣɷŹ鵽ļױ˽ƽʱʱӴ򷢴ʱ䡣
ｫչüһԭһλãø
ףȻ㣬δҲǴǺӵģ˭ﲻǷţ
ﴹЦºɬ
Գ׺󣬵һ̸⡣
Ȼʱ飬ȴ֮ǰҪƽһЩ
֪ˣһʧġ룬ֳԲ䣬Ϊǹӻ֬ǷΪ׼ء
ü۲ԾСһֻ֣һ߰ϧĦһЦͷǹ޻֬ļ۸ȷʵҪЩҲͱ⴦Ӷϼա

ɵؿ䣬ҪϿЩЦĺۼȻʱЦţ۵׵ɫȴôô档
֮࣬ǳԵȡ
Ͽãһǿóۣ⴦ֻǸͷֻǮȸĻࡣ
´ձ˱ۣʲôҲû˵
ʶȤصͷԼǰСѣתƻ⣺ľǳ
֮ǰ»ҹǰ֮
壡
塣
ķ֣תߣҸǰƣΪΪڳġƾȷʵЩ㣬ٺһЩֻһͿɡ
ˮδĹҲЪƴǵġ
ܹ֮ǰһӦ⡭󣿣
ʱѾ˹Լһ룬봽꺨
ֹȫһ˹ӪдںȾƵıƦں졣
һˮȥգﲨ޵һۣЦôЩƾζ
գգۣǿЦƣҲѣǳǳһڡ
ֻһڣͲûǵζѬæֽյ£˼麮ϷУѹѹе
̧ۿкѿգµ˳ǡ
Ǻþ
ЦƳһۣƾôѺȣ
ҪͷǹľƣĿڣʵãֻЩȲ߰ˡ
˵꣬۾ѣ۾һգѶһȥ
俴Ƿ·ٱļƣǾʵڲȾ˵Ļûü˵ȥ
¾յۿɼٶȸһĨ죬۵һĨЦ⣬ֽ̧ϵĹơ
ͲĵͦԵ㺮ѹһѹ
Ų˼öӷУѹ¿еŲ˼̧üл塣
˵ּ꣬һûһµزŹеĺϹȿ
һʼ˼ѵģûע⵽Ķʼٻ
ÿһ麮ϷУͳٻһ֣ûһ˾ͱκ
ԴԤϣ뵱»ҹƣҲֻܽԼǰþơ
ֻһҲйܵġ
ſϣ˹Ľеľˮһ䡣
ڣֻҪԼ˺ʱֽȻ̬ͬȣ͸оܲþ
ֶ˼룬ȷڵľƾѾͷŽ£ǳЦޣʲô
κ̧ͷ߳ı鶼ºͶģ΢ķȴǺټ
ơ
룬һһٵ
˵Ƶʱʱ࣬ȷʵˡ
.ӣԼľ߱ǰ˴գֱ˱ϢϢƣŵڣƣҺ𣿡
գգۣҡͷûУһҲúȡ
Цƶˣ޾ΪôţβŹ˵СӣƱؽĿС
ٶ۵طӦһ£ڣÿ
Ȼ˵ŵǿ佱ĻȴްĽ밮.
о𰸺ʵЩ룬ǰ˴գʪȵĴẬ˺𽥳ԣõƵϷջҹȣ崼Ȼ󣺡ϲϲ
ϲ
жϲ
ЩµؽԷϢĲƣδֻܺ΢Щٵػش𣺡ϲϲ
üȻоӦòѣȴǸоЩֵֹġ
ϲ̬ȣ
ˣֻԼ᲻Ū±
뿪Լʲôʱ
ñվǰҲܹ˺üյʱŷĴڣ
ϲ
ȻЩǳ֮ǰԼҪûǡﲻԣ
뿪ЩʲôּҼƯңÿһ˿Ŷҵ
䣺ң
һˣһͭĹϵ
ұȵĴ
䣺ʲô
ǴӴԺҲҵ廨ˣءԤϵģ˵޾Ϳޡ
仹ûŪҡ廨֮ĹϵͲȻܵĿ
ٿޡ
ԴʶԺ󣬾ʹδ¹ˮϴҹٹҲֻǶִʵʩС

70 
ӡ, ºԳ֣ǲȻġ
һο
Ȼûǰ߼Īĸоķ, ЩԼһʼʱҪþˮ̽һ̽뷨
֣ſӿԲϴһҪħצȴǿӲظ뻳, Լϥͷ
úõĿʲôޣҲ֪˵Щҡ廨붼ʲô, ҿɲڹ۸㡣̾ϢһȡԱʳ׼õѾҪйࡣ
ȴ޹ǵС֣ͻȻһ̽ץסġ
һ̧ͷлίſԲ
˵õ廨, Ϊʲôͱˣء
䣺
һ˲, ԭκϧ鶼紵, ˣ׸ɢˡ
о̫Ѩϵھ, Ϲ߳ŵЦⶼЩֲס
˵ʲô
ҧ, ĸִһһ³
ƸǷǼ緢ɽ, һȶǿҵΣơ
Ȼ, ״̬ȴû˿ʱԺģ·ĳѣ״̬ʲôɶԡ
̶ֻһһգһξӨ˳Ķ£ʲίҵ廨룬컹ҡ
˵סֻŶһ¡
佫ѾһţҲ˲϶̫ϵֱ֭ӱˡ
ִᱧſϥͷޣɭЦүúüסүϵ廨뵽Ǹʲôߴ硣
һˤڴ
ϤƣϤʹУ½ʷ£µˣ̽Լָ⣬ݺһ¡
һϤжʱȫһһ糺ؿڴ
廨롣Ϊ׺ݵĺ
˲伱٣̴ˮ۴ϣ궯ΣȸԾΪǲأ
Ǿ㡣
ҰɣˣˣޣҰɡ

ҹԷдϵЪֱҹſʼˮ
ԷҹСѾߵͨ죬ֻȴЩɻΪνүֱȷ˻Ҫ
óǡ
֣ϻеıŮ˻
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ԷеŮ˻ɽ**սʱԺУ质ǵ޷ȴһλˡ
质˽ֱվ⻨ԣ¹£߳бϣԵķŭԼһ˿ײĽ
ʪ˫ֱСĵĦűذףŹǰĺˣһһʣ
ʲô˵Ͷ𣿡
СӣҲпԣҪţ
质ǵļڽŨңԴãңһͱ˱ҵңԵһһȥҡװĶӣ׷ͻǻֻµһĿЦ
üŰڵزһԵĺˣͻȻ֪뵽ʲôѯʣò󽫾ߵЩö͢ŪˣʣԼ˰ɡ
ɾĬ
Ȼ质ȴѾıƲ˴𰸡
һ˲䣬оԼλ˵еĸмֿЦͿɱ
ƽڣڵܺã׼ٻȥһȥɡȥѾԵҲҪǱߵΣǣ踮
ǣСӡ
质ȴִʾԸðϵģߵ֪飬Ȼ󽫾ԸͱҲҪȥӣҲ㹻ӲңҿЦ
Ƕһ𣬾һϣ޸ϵ
ʱλ׸߸ϣмһˣնԸһֻһп޵ˡ
ý㣬ȴδϹãɱҲҪǿӲץȥΪõܴڻ׷ɱ
ʵϣʱԼץȥ֪֮ĹϵȫԺĸһȥһúõûȥ
û뵽Ȼϣĸ°֡
˶ˣ˹˵ԼµΨһãǿЦ
ҲûгϹңҲȥذɡͣ˵Ļȴ
ؿǰѾԼʮͦ꣬ӲʮƣǴüۣȴɿԼʱӰӡ
ӣ׾ģ
ϧ֮ǰһֱӣϳѪֱ󡭡
ǰͳһš
СӲȥ˵ްǱߵҲȫߴűܺáԻ⽫ӻء
质ЦһһԲ
һƬ
ȵ质ٴ̧ͷʱǰĺѾưʧֻµذϵź塣
质ǾվԭأŷЩ壬Σ鼥
ʲôף
λƶǹذһ䣬ȵ󺣳Ҫ̫ࡣ
չ质ǿżϲԾּա
ʮ֣ȷʵԼܵĹУϧѾˡ
žٻ٣ɢڵֽζ质üɡ
ԭһֱ޵ļӸУڵ󺣳
δ֪Ĳſ£֪ģ质ǽ⿪ڴϣ۾
֪ģȫֽϻ
ѳɳ׿־塣
Ϊϻ縺
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գѺɫѾ͸
˶Щ̧ĸ첲оԼ˷·Ǳһʯͷҹһ
ɻšüЩٶ۵ػ˯֮ǰļ䣬Ȼϱһ죬һס
װ໥ǳϲˡ
ǡ
ͳгƵ
ｩӲתͷԱߵס
㻹ЦҲƵģԵͳ
佫üۼʹ飬⻬ıϻ䣬¶ϴƬ˽һϡ
үֻ㣬ɳüԣ

ͣһŷӦǳʲôԡ
ҹԼǰƵչ¶ȫòġݺݵر۾ͷˣ
εȷ˼ԣ
ˮⶫԺԲ
УҺʹָĵǺ
һ۾ٿҲɵָòãòңƤѣɡ
ؿ౻бװŮӣЦһСƭӡ
ͳҸдԵɤǳ˵Сӣӵ˶
úüסүǩĳߴ磬ԺÿһΣǾϰһΣţ
ۡ
оӴԺҲ޷ƽȥӡǩ⡱ˡ
УҪҵɵӺ壬
䰵ʾԵؽͦͦв
һǸű춼оļӲУ޿塣
šۡ
֣ŵ̽ı䣬šһ£º͵ڸôȥ䳡ˡʱˣ裬
ߡתдԵĵͺߣ˲䣬۵׸ֳһ㱡ˮ

71 ż
, Ҫ𰸡
ӴһȴɿڴŲܶ, ÿ죬޺ҧҵģǾͲȽ
ﾪֵɴۣȡȡһ¡
Щԡ
⣬ѴˮȺŮѾǣͻȻһ˸Ů׷׺, ৵һͷԼ͸˵ա
үͷ˸á
ү.˲, ֱǹ˷
ԺһҪ踮ҹ棬ģ̌ͷǾҪ̤ϲ·ˣӡ
*
ΪʱϵĻʱ䣬ճ밲ʱࡣ
ЩĴһѾŮҴҸԺֻ˵нٶȿ, ȴܼһһ, һһ
ȻϽ, üǿ׳Ҳųܲס
ĸ, ϱó, ĸˡһԺ, ĸ
ĸЦа, ݼԼɼƣЦúϲ£죺ް￴Ժ伴㲻Ҳûʲôֻż˵˵С
ôУÿճĸ밲Ǳ֣и￴ĸϲ£ǣ
й߳Ƥӳţھ͵ܡѰ˼طˡ
òãڳСᣬͶͶձһӲﶼǺ⡣
Ϻøںܲ̽֡Ͷˡ
ȻоӦûô죬ĸ۵׵ȻȴĪоԼڴϺ£˶֪һ
ƤЩˡ
ĸס
˺ˣúӱߣ˵ĻͶȥϢֻȲ۵ʱǡ
ﶥŻջǵƤǣĸס
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ذڽϣתϵıָ¹Ļ㱨Σͳһ󺣳Ҳ˼ɽˮˣҶӣ
ḧŽջϵ觺쳤ۣ质Сӹ߳ϵı˪ײһĺЦ⣬ôܻ˵ףҸϵЩӣûһûġ
Ҫȥڣһ֡ǣ󺣳붼Ҫ룡
½ͷڵϣһԡ
΢ȵů촵ֽᣬ¶СһƬɫŨصϣ΢ĬĬӷ£üѯʣѾǸʿȥˣ
죬ǵġŲöãǾ󺣳¶صص㡣
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ֻһһģ¶ᵽʹĲϡ
³ɵð
׳֮Űˡ
־ӣƷҲֻһǱˡ
뵽򴽰꣬i޵üУµ飺ţܹ鰴ӵ˼⺢Ժ󼴱棬ϵҲԲǵ󺣳Ǳߵ棡ʱҵ¶æ
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ǡ
۾ؿϵżĪֺԼСİ˼µС
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Ӱһߵףһʧԭء
ָϵż˼
ԴСùжϵǵһյԴѶϢ
Ϣϲشϴǰӹż件չգȸԾЦлãˡ
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ŴϲõЦ塣
ĿϡƵĿѵ¶ӣƿߣ𿪿СùдЩʲô׼ȥһˣʲôĸ˵ģҸպÿԸӹȥ
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ɵõƬŷСĲ𿪣չֽ
չ֮üһšֿ֮ʼչֱ𽥴ЩЦա
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̧ۣŷ۾ѾͮͮģûһǼֽ
һţָܿƵز˲ʲôĪСùã
ƽĴ󲿷ֱ鶼ЦǳЦЦ˵ӡʱǶŵģֻҹʱˣƷʱĿޣ״οʱᡣ
ûУСùڵܺãлһʼӲ۽ǵ飬ȵԼԽƲס
ɴſϣֵؾҿ
ü塣
ǰľƽܿصģҵĺټ
ȻҵȴΪˣΪ
üᶯĵٴͼ˿㡣
żҿܿ
ſϵµ˵ͷޡ
üҽšתֽùѸͨһ飬ȵ꣬оԼƺԭ
żУͨƪڱϲ
˵⼸꣬˵ΪλõԵʧȥϵû㲻˼λĵĹùãչˡ
⼸ʱѧֲݡѱ˸硢Ůߣ֬ˮۡơƷҩ֪ʶѧ᲻١
һҪһЩ֬ˮۣΪٵĳ׺񣬵ȵơ
ȻͽȻĵ˵ֽĻ챨ϲԱŵеļͲ״ȴܲ˵ġ
ãƽӲ۾ѵ¶һѻס壬лл㣬ллСùãлллл
ڷ̫Ӹϵְλ䶯ʱ䣬Ǵ䶨׺
ְλһӴӱѹĵײ㣬ϲ㣬֪һʹ
ʹߣ䣬롣
ֳҭ˵ĸмŻȻ˵ƺЩӲ
֪ɿ˫ۣЩ˼̧ͷ˫ͮͮ۾Щʧ̬㲻Ҫ⡣
һ߳ҭţһǿģϸոգ滨۵Ľ֮С
żϵĽӲָʼɣɫؿ֮󲻶ɫƿߣް
ֳҭһٴ̧ͷУʶʲôδ׵ĺöɣ
ʶʶֻǾϲ˻佫ΪǵСùóԺо
ͷֻǱкʵѡҲһ
Ȼ
֮ƽȥˮ߾ȥС鷿ڸĸдš
ԣվԭػζŸղﻷУþ޷ƽȡ

72 ׹
, һչֽдڷ̫Ӹźĵص, 죺ⶼЩʲô¶
Ǹص㣬ǻᱻųĹŮȥźĵض
ⲻţ˸˰ɡ
ȥռʱĸڡ
մʿžʹ͸Ůһ󴮶һǰ, ̸ˡ
ĸλͨеļҷЩϵġ
ȢϱǼ޹Ů, ²Ҫ˵ԷٺãֻλҷˣͱŽˡ
˫̸󣬵׸һ
ΪǸ⣬ᾡΪҽβϵ˰̣ڳʱЩױ
ռȨǵ֮ǰֺ˻ĳ, ȥ
λ˼һͨЦ̸, άסϵƽ͡
, ǲ޸ռΣ
覣а, ĸŵǰ, ϸ˷Ļ, ǾֱƤ
ʱֻһ, ˣϥµŮҲᱻ¿ࡣ
ⳡΪƳ˼µ£㰴Ͱؼȥ
ҲռҹҺ󣬽ӵżһͨʹޣֻ˵ڽӵĸżȴǸɳһ
ôӦǲвۡ
оռҽܵĻ¾ûһ˳˳ģֻϣܵĻ£ܹƽ˳޲
*
֮ǰҹ˴󽫾󺣳ĺʿ质鲻Ǻܺá
ΪѾ͹ȥ˽ޣѾһµݣһµڿһжȻ
رԼΧѧ֪ʶзжϣ淢Լڼӡ
֮ǰҲУֻ֮ǰδҲǴӽղŸոտʼ֡
质Ұһ춼ܵˮ
ѧã质һȥռòͣڽռҺ质Ƿ׹ԶѾӰɫɡ
质ɻѯʣ磬ôˣ
质ҡͷ룬¶һЩҽ췢֣ڸҡ
质һ˼һڣǲ֮ǰѧõǸġˣ˵ѧöλԶЩҪˣ׺Щڡ
质һ¡
֮ǰ˼һֱķǣʵϣҪԶԷѡõ֣϶ᱻ׷֣ӷҲӦӸ
质һɣһ
ûз֣󺣳û˼ӣĿѾˣȴֲˡ
ǽŷֵģҲ֪ǴӺʱʼĸ١质üڡ
质ҲųȥܹǽСЩȻȥ󣬵ý븸˵һ
֮ǰ˵ͼǵĹٳᷢһ󶯵ǶСЩһ쳣
ڿӦˡ
ֻǲ֪ͼǵⳡٳ䶯Уǵ˸ʲôɫ
质ǴͷѾר˼质һûз
ռҵĸۡŵѧλýϽ质Ǻ质Դѧöÿ硢´ѩ죬ͻռšޡ
ѽռ»ú졣
ùźһ̬ûȥݣǴһռСеͤУһһߴһСֹ
ſϣͤλҴһ˵ͷ
ʹ˵ˣ
ԣλ˵İԣġ
ţ̧ͷµԴ֤Լ˵ġܡû˿Ȥ
ȴû뵽һתͷͿԶ϶ɫװɫסӡ
ϴẉ̂ɵҲ̣켣ڴɫּ䣬ϸ۲죬
ɴ۾ŵúһ£ͻȻԼҷİ˵Ŀ־УֽŷŸǲضһ
ꡱ
һ΢Է
дһ£ӦСĲȶһϸС֦
΢ϸСòԶ϶ŵİˢˢλÿ


ֲԶֵͤܶˣ
ӦŲҽзĵطȥ质Ǹĵһ˲䣬ȥ
棬δȫϵʹص
飡
ɫСֱ׹ϣݺݵѹ质ǵؿڡ
ͬһʱ
质ǣأ̫ˣղһ˲䣬Լ߹Ƕ챻ѹˡ
Ťٴ质ϹԼĴȺƨ.ɣ͵.ۣ̫ˣǼһյĲ⣬ˣ
质ǣ
质ʱҲСܹ֦ϵпûˤʲô⡣
ɳһŭôôߣҲˣ֪ץ㲻֪Σ𣿡
ϱһ٣æ̧ͷղ˵λơ
质ֵڿʲô
µؿڣСҸղϣǸƣɫװΧɫеģҲſҶ֪ҼʲôʱİˣУҸоҼˣҪȥʹ˵һ
质Ǻ质һҲ˫˫ȷ
ﲻҵȻȷҲ룬ҶжûˡղǷˣǡҲңҵôˣһֽһô𣿣ܣ
质ǵͷ졣
ʲôþûǰӹһΡ
ζԱϴΣλСĸһЩ
质û˵꣬æѯղʲôòҪڼܻܲ
šü˼һ£òҸоûòǶ˶ﶼҲţתͷ֡
质ЩܣʲôûУ
Щεصͷ㵽һһҪһ£Ҳһܻ
԰գ质ͤںñīֽ⿪
У质ؿڣһССڵһ߻ͷŷָŵλã.»ŵϵҶ
磬Ǳʲô𣿡质ͤдѯʡ
ûС质ƽش
˵գ¶תһȦŷͤȥ
ֻڼִͤǰɵػǸطۣü
质质㽫ϸϸ˵һ顣
ͷʾ֪䣬ԼҲСġ˵Щٺͼǵˣһһ£ʵ֮ģһΪǵ¡ֻСС֣ұΪţд
ǣлס
뿪棬˲䣬һλ˳ǰ
˭
죬ϼˣҪб֮ʵ޶⡣
üһϼǱ֪ˣ
ǡ֮ǰϼ岻ã־ûܾȻ޷˽ү¸
ԣλϼȻ֣ԼһλʧѪ˱ˣ

73 ĥ
, ˼һٵˣ
ͼҵС˽¡֮ǰ˵үͶүȥ꽫ȥˮ, λСӼˣ̽һλСүжɣܲܽ˴ϸ첲ȣӰǵѧϰȡ
䣺
û뵽ͼҵĶӣȫһͷԺֱֱּ׵ķ, ǡ
޴Ц
СˣԼ, ҾͰÿѵӱˣϼǱߵģùܣȥ
ǣ졣
صԷͿԾԻ
ǼĳȻɴ, ü쾫, ˫ս, ȻΪʮĹ
ڸԼ
СǺһ, ǳЦ֮ǰλǵԻ, Ҳ
ǰ, Ѿ˴Ի, ۵׷ɿһ˿ޡ
ò˵Ļȷʵ˵á
ĻУϸڴٻΩΩФϵķһһԭʸ˸ųɡ
üǳЦ۽üҶǹѾñطϲá
ǰԲָ⣬ĸ˷٣ʱվǰһ޶
ֻţоƤԵĲͻȡ
šü룬Լǵ֮ǰȷʵ˵յλ˵񣬶ڳǰ˵
ʾദȷʵֻͨĥ
𻭱ʣҪҲûдš
ֻԭվһתС鷿һѻᣬöչ
ɣֱıʴ֮ǰλԻС
ȻԱȶԣĻҪǿϲ٣ԣĸһ
شۻϵŮӣһϢŨһ߻
ššüңĪо⻭ϵЩ죬ȴʮȷδ
˼˰Σ޹ֽ¾ãŻУת˳ȥ
ҵϣϣ˹غΪµ̶۾
ｫеֺ꣬󣬲ȥˮ߾֣£ȵԽˡ
һü΢ǰĹ˹ȥһһشźʳ
Ѿʰ׷£￿ҲˣǸӡ
һ£һʱûзӦ⻰Ϊ⡣
ԷˣһȥΣ
︣飬˼֮ǰ˵İæһ˼⣬ͷԡֻȷΣգΣյĻǲоȱȥˡ
֣ΣԲǵģȵһ˷һذ׷ǡ
ɵÿ䣬ȴ֪ûתء
תĸס
ĸ׾ˣѴһûʲôΣգȴԼԼųʲôôͲˡ
ס
ûĸųˡ
־֮µעЯѡһʱ˫˫˴
ҹĻŨɫǡá
**Ъſڱϵ͵ʹ.Ϣ
һ޿ر۾һ߲ɫػԼЩָһתͷͼ泱죬شڴڴŵĴ
ù趼Ϊ֮йȥؽԱ΢Ů.뻳Уĥ䣬ϧǣޣַԽԽˡ
лޡ
棬ԸûеõԷ
ӻŲϣ£סĴ
ⲢһΰʾֻһĦ
һĦţһ߽۾
峺峺峺
ҿ϶Լ͵ģֱΪֹȴڶԷ۵׿Լİ
ַ֣𽥵شһʼ⣬ڿʼ˲㡣
ϲΪ㣿ϵʡ
һ˵ţһӰ̧¶Լʵľ׳ϰ.
ֻһ˽͵ɫƤһӣĿɼĶϰ߲޿ٴƿߡ
ϲ΢ǿسЦ⡣
ԭҲαװСŮӣûҪĴ飬˲ˬ
ĻشȴǺ⣬ԼҲԼڲʲô
Ͼڵദ״̬ڳǰԤõĻ
۾룬κóۣӦûϵĲ㡣
뵽ŵˬ̲ס飬ϵ΢ЦҲ𽥱Σա
ȻϲǱһΡ
԰գոֹͣζõĵʵľ¿ʼҡΣŮ
ԷУŮ˸˷Ҹ߰һ졣
գذʱǰϴѣһˬ䳡ѵ
һ轣鷿ԡҳϴһһø޲ͷϵˮһ߻ˬ˲䣬ɫ𽥳죬۵׽Ⱦ
鷿ֵˮǰʱͷˮԼĿס
䣺
ˮԼĵӰȻأ𽵹ǰ鷿пԾԺ
λﱣѣһʺ㣬¶͸һɷǱīŨһľգ籡**棬޲ɷ
ٴˮеԼôоԼ˵Ľ壿
˼Ѿ׽ˣԷԼĿ⣬ƽͷһİˮԶ̣ȵ¶ȡ
Īǡ
佫޲ͷϷ
Īǣĥ
ΪĥԲŻʹشӦλˡòʽԼĻ£
ΪĥⷬκһŮĴ齹ƣְĽ֮飿
䣺
Ҫ
ﲢ֪ʱϹʲôʱѾԼԻ񻭺ã׼һӦȥʡͻ
æµ׼֮е֪ͳȥżﻹûȳ踮Զ㱻沢ϸؼһ
ȷżвκ֤Լͷϻɫһ
ֻżеƤԶ׼ǣЩζ
аתǧصչԻСͿϣ±ס΢̴ǣ̲סһ顣
Ƥе顣
ͷЩ
ָ˳θüۡǺԲָЩˡ
ﰲźȫǰָɽϵĳһһ𣬴Ÿеļǰָɽ¡
˴踮һһ˪ѩһװżλӴ˴γпܻõĶԼλСӡ
⣬λһӻϣͼҡ

74 ɽ
䴩һѤõ觺쳤, ֥
ټһգ;񶼵õ˱͵, ۽üۻůڵĴ⣬˿ˡ
ÿϵɴԿһּۣæ¡
˵ŮΪ˺۽üҶһɹûе⣬ΪʲôоԼָоǶԣϾԵôء
Ȼ, ˵֮ٹҵ˽, Լ˷ܵͺ
ˣ˰ȻǳͼһС
ˣˣˣҪιȥˡ
˵۾ŵ磬˵ܵǰԼСܳ𣿡
ôҲֻ, Ҫܵǰǵۡ
, ԶһѾǲʹ, ӱŲҡ

Щر۾
űȾϵ̬ܵ湴, , 䡣
*
ͼڶ, зص, д¡¡̫۵ȡ
ֻЩУΪʷƾãйεļݣ
ҪȥĹ£ȴ¶ԾͼҪԶԺԽС㶦ʢһ㡣
ȻҲвٴŹʿͻȥָɽݣ꣬ȴ䣬ᶼٰϢ
踮ָɽʱʱѾ롣
Ƶȴָɽʱ͸ʱ֡
ͼԶɽҲȼɽߣҲȲôµԭ֮һ
˪ѩ质˴һ죬·һһŤģֻз
˪ѩ˵ģûסһЦ
磬ôˣ˪ϸЦʡ
ĥƤ˶ġ质죬ӦһŽع߳
Դѧ󣬻δôԶľ룬˴
质˿˼Լһһģ.󡣬СеˣӴҵĸӴȻȥʱ򣬾ֻˣˡ
质Ϊÿÿȥ䳡ǱȥӦµʱżˣѾήҵ˵
˪죬͵ϸЦû
ЦؿλһۣʹӻͣãִöŻڣ߰ɡ
质ʰñ飬
ڵָɽĸߣߣΪ͡
ŽΪȵ㣬ֱһĥ
ɽ·ϣ˪ѩ𽥲֧质ƽѵĵı׼լ֮⣬ûһϺȵġ
质ڰɽͤкش磬û뵽ȻôãһΪӦöأ֮ǰ䳡ѵʱҹȫѵΪɣ治Ǵ
质ͱˮҴڴڵйˮִ³ֱĨһǣҿ츳ָһáԣоöԼȥѧˣһ䰡
质̧֣ݺ.质͵ԴɭɭڣСӣһһ˲ֻ࣬˵Ŭڷܲ㣬ȥԺбҪѵӱ
质æһĸߴҪס质ͣȴ质ɶ
һʧ֣质ҲûгԵڶΣСĵػͷ䷽һӶЦЦĿ⡣
ס
۾Ŀ⻬ͤϡڻûл质ЦǳȻȥ֮󣬳֮࣬䳡ճѵӱ͸Ҳǡ
质ǣĿ⵭Թûжԡ
质质һ밧ͷ.
ѩ˪̱һǿǣʱЦʼ
ѩ˪ظҲͶÿͶͶһٸаʮΣһὫ׼ߵ裬ǸǼΪ佫ϵĹǶˡ
ѩ˪صͷȻҲ밧ΪгĿ־壬Ǿֻ˼ǣҶԡ
ʱϢûиı̫ࡣ
źǱŵЩήҵʿ̧ʾǰеذףһȥ
质ͽذԼһ߸Լ£һ߻еĸףôôóǰҴæˣӴӴ죡
Ŀɨˣ质⣬ʣµ϶ɻڣûרŸǽõģһһЩ
⻰ذ׶˪ҲŷСĵĽذϣϸ̾лĸס
质ǡ质ѩ
ͶȥĿ⡣
ֻѻţж൥
ʣǶĿ⣬ﵭҡͷĶҲ
质ط˼֮Ľ䡢ﲻԸ̸Ķһ§质Ǻ质һСֹ
ûһ质ͱЩήҵɫ˲˷ܣʼԾԾ
ȼЪò࣬ٴɽ·ʱ质ʾ˸ϰɽ
质˦˪һӣһקɽ
·ϣһͣͣһЪϢ˼ûκΣգ˵鶼Щɡ
߻ǵĻʱȫ
质̫ִɽʱҲֻʣ·۵ˡ
Ų½ţ质󣬽һͿʼҡȥ֮󡭡䡭Բ͵
质ǿֱӣҲ˸ǺСȡˮң͵кݺݹڣ̾ϢһȥԺ𷴻ھͺá
٣质ҲӹԼС˷ˮң˵ݻģȻһں˴ӹµĽͲݴ˳ǷɿϮ
Сһ£Ӧͱƿնŵ˲
Σ⧲
Ȼǰһ˷һֻذףǶεָɽ֮в̫.׼ȴû뵽ʢļơ
һպøǸոյִɽǾ˫˫ﵽƣĶʱϮ
ʱѡ߯׼
кЩŮŵûʧɫ
踮ʱϰ¶ûѧ˪θǳӣ˻ûзӦǰԼһ£һ̵ؾͽһűͦһ׳֦ɪɪ
ѩĶֻ΢һЩҲ
кΧм䣬ΧͻȻܳĴֳ̿ͣذף
ʱΧĻСѳ̿ǲһ
Ⱥһʼû˷еС˺ͻǣڳ󣬾ֳƽӹòȫ෴ĳǿս
һʼǴ̿ǵռ࣬ŴӹܳһЩġ͡ҲżսУƺܿ췢ת

75 
̿ǳֵÿ, սø졣
ǰ󲻵ʱ;
ļ̿ͣûл嵽Χߵֵǰ, ͱСȫ¡
质ֳذףƴȴϳĻᶼޡ
俴ŻСǽȺ̿ȫΣãִ̧˸ƣƳĴ峵
ֻȺؽЩ̿峵һ, 죬, ѸŰ峵ɽжȥ
һдϣλӻмЦü㿴Ҿ˵ûôΣգ㻹Ҫһ˷һذס

ˣ
һ㶶ϵ˪ĸ˵Ļֱӱֳޣ, ̫ˡ
С, ʱҲŵúﻰ
̧, ˪Ͽ޵Ǳģ, һ
֮Ա
˪
˪Ͽ޵øˡ
Ȼž, 质һ, ط飺ǰ, ףôҪΪʲô˵
ͻȻôһӣûСĸθŵֱͣڡ
תͷЦݼãΪļƻرҪ԰
质죬ĸ֮ǰڰɽʱǷذףǲ³ΪѾ۵ޱ飬Ҫݼ𣿡
ҡͷ
质ɳһ˵ĸӦûиǰӡ
ȴǿǱǸײõö־ήңóǽɽĶ
ˣ
Ǽһ·Ϲ룬ŵľսСɷףǸ趯
ֶӳ̶ȣȻһˣһţ
ѩ˵Ҳܵ˾ţΪûսԸоá
´˪ڵĴ°˪ãѾûˣɡ
˪ر辣޵ͣɡҲ£²ȥۡǵһ̫̫Σˣء
üҶ˶о⺢ӹĸѪԵ
޹̳
Ѿƶһ辣˪δӦǰ㽫ϵȸ
˪ҭӲ˰ϵ飬˫ˮĴ۾һߴſãһʵлллס
֣ޣ
˪
о֣£ίرޡ
ڣײޡ
˪˱죬ӲѾӿϺͷĺȥֻվԭأذરˮСһһģҭͣ
Ǳﲻסˣ
ίˣ
ء
˪ٷҲٹֻǶӵĴ䣬߶ϻǰիϡ
ǣס
ѩҲ뵽ߣǼ˪޵ÿ촭ֲԸ뿪棬Сβ͵ģΪѡ
ͷЦްģѩȥɣ˪ǾУõġ
˪ǸովһţԸ뿪ڳֵߵԡ
ˣŰɡ
ȺǶɢ뿪￴ĬĬһξ˪ðοοޣ
ͷܵſʱҴӲο֪ΪΣ
ĸӣҡͷ
ΪʱֻޣȥοͻԽԽϾ󷴵ҪȲȰοʱ޵ʱ̶ȸԺұҲʱͼο˵ģתƻ⡣
˪æͷǧҪοڲܲޡ
Ҫڿ޸
Ȼһ⣬һˮ
أˡ
ȶģء

*
Ժ质ֵѩˢˢһӱϡ
质͵ɴ۾Ǿ棺ϻôĴ̿ͣ
质ҲЩ˵ĺҲòţϻֱɱǣȴְ;ԼĴ̿͡
ѩذף취ʣ
Ϯ£һʼǣǰȫδǽ͡
˵¶ҲȷʵûжΣգֻǵЩ̿һ棬¶˸ûþͱȫ񣬵ǣҲкġ
质ؿԾԾԵãӲΣǽ֮¡Ǵ̿ٴҲǴ̿ͣһ棬ǵӶ
质Ҫö궼ûСľ㬵ı͡
质˪Ҳ𽥴ӸղŵͷԷ״̬гһ˼⣬ͷһֱǵĻȥЩˣĴ̳̿˳͸˵һ
ǡ
ɱȥ
ֻùصɽӡˤȵĴ̿ͣ۾֮ϵӶ质ǣͻȻڵ
质ԭĿⶸȻ
Ŀ৵һ´еĴ̿ͣ
֪˱Ǵ󽫾ģΪڵò󽫾мƣ˲ѿڶ
ڣ˽½ҲѾˡ
뿪ĻѾ˹
һ໥ڻӣλùڿӵסˤӲܶĴ̿͸ߡ
质ע⵽ЩԺλ̿;ûķһۡ
ķӦûɳһӱ
ʼЩ£֮׵ƽʹ˱ơϾ֮ԻᱻΪһʼռݵľǱ˵ݡ
һ֮ʱ质һֱء
۲쵽ɫƽʱȲ쳣ȴȫ¡
ʼռǵãλĶŵĿ׷ʱǺ˷
һҹĺʮһȴֻˡ
ˣȴʵСɱ񣬶طйϰ㣬δö೤ʱ㽫һڵĺɱ
رλһ֮Ϊɱе
ɱ֮ϵı黹˷ܵġ
ڱصĲ֫ϱۼ䣬ѾȾѪȴԾɲǿѪɫ£߶źµ۽ǵһѪ
Щϱýҹλʱ˲ٵӰ
Ƿ踮ʵر򵥣䱾ʵǵĵߣҲ£ʱ򣬼ǵˣҲֻǽǶ䳡ȥ䡢䡢ٶ˶ѡ
ּʼʱĿɲȴԱĵףûô챻
֪ƭð֮ӵݣǱͨ͢Ĵ󽫾󺣳֮ӣ质ǻ߬ڿеȭͷûס˶
㱼䣬ʱÿƵĳٴӳԺ
Ѫ⣬ֽ
ز̵ĳһε޺£Ц͹ܵ£ȴӲŵ彩Ӳ෢ᵽʲôëȻ
㡭质ǻ̧ͷȻһϡ
Ϊξڸϵıһģһ
ԣղŶ˺£

76 ľ
Ϊ, ʱ~ﴹ, Ҳһӵ
ʹɭ, ĸֳȷʵܷټСùѾ˿ϵָܡ
ҵʱͿް, һ߿һ߰, Ҹסҵ, ҵ񰡡ĸ˵žûס˳, ѾͷҲһֱϢǴҪҰ
ʱϣܴ, Ǵ治ˣȫ治ˡе, ȴʲô治ˡ
æȡ, סĸһٰο, ο, ǿСù, Ҳûס
ʳ䣬ĸֺһ, ͻ޷˯ˮ˾棬һš
һ·, 鶼Щ䡣
ռʱ, Ѿ빬Сѡ˺ü, ռλֻСùã塣
ﲻܣҲżͻС㣬轫Ҳһٶܲ轫æ顣
˼һȻȾ룬ָоɲԲ
轫ͼǵĹٶǾģΣϴμʱֱӱ˳轫ĻǷ黻εˡ֪͸ûһֱӻСùõϸѶϢжá
ʹɭϣǴ̽Ρ
ڹ⣬ǼȰﲻæҲ֣Ҳֻиżˡ
쵽ϲׯʱһһ¹º͵ǳЦɵһҲŵ
æͷҲоԼϴڰֱӿı̫ˣһѺ÷磬Сġ
ϲׯУӴ˵ģǳСӡ
Сӿ˱ЦӴչˣ죬롣˵գ·ؽ˴ׯԺ
ִԺſʱɱ⣺ɹȵȣλ˷Ըˣһչﵽˣֻһ˽ȥ
ЩżǡһСʲô⣬Ǹô죿
￴СӣСЦͣµģųʱѾ߿ֻǲ̸ˡ
ˣ
ƿţȻֱͨ߾룬ͿµȴѾõ䡣
ֻһװ֮ǰ޵İۣҲ֮ǰǵ°׳ۣǻһȽϵ͵ĺɫ
ɫ͵ӳķɫµ٣վһʵľ֮С
߹һƣչ
˸¡
ϴչѯʣһѡΪ⣬ԲŽչѯʡ
ﲻڵĶ˶ָһλǢ̸ԼµʵЩΡ
ԣ̸
ֻˣﻹǾס̬ƽľл轫ģ轫ֱԡ
»°ڣŵʯ¡
ߡھ߱ĿգûзģֻһǿѹϮ
ûӦֶȻϮƣʯ俪ڼףΪṩѡԼ
̧ͷʧѯʣϲң𣿡
ϲǲϲָоܺжϡ
ϴμʱ֮ԻỳɶԷĿģΪԼʱЦŵģ۵ȴǱģģӵġ
䲢ûֱӻش⣬ֻǾԵΪҳ׵Ľ㸸׳Т󣬻ܹУһְҲΪṩϵѡ١һλù빬СѡϵҿΪѰˣڳǰȻǡλܵܣҲԸǻ󲿷ԺԺ

ǰһ㻹ûŪףһ˦о
ò˵֪˵ЩõЩҲɳܵĶˡ
סܵܡСùã涼Ķߡ
رСùãʱ룬õСùõϢҲ֣ڣбСùõʣʱаȻǣƽǱֱӴӦֺη
ɫһŬʰǣ·
ȣӦμǵҪһ㣬ֻһСС֮Ůò޲ϹԷȴѾǴƷԱ
ԣΪʲôƽ׵ڱ
̧ۣīɫںڵ侲ѣֱص㣺ô࣬ôҪõʲô
԰գ˱һ𣬼ҵΪδĻ⡣
ɴϢʱڶĸΪһƥ첼˼¿ʽȷջӡ
۽üҶǳԵԼҲİԵ˷ܣС㣬㶼Ϊδү𣿡
εؿһֽ̧ۣë˹طһԣѻֽպãü۳
ǰҲΪԼ׼һ£֮оͷãֱӸѹס¶ºĸ󣬱ȥϲׯѡһƥҲƥӡ
Ӧġ֮Ůݷ̡ҹŲöãϷҲҹһ𡣡
ɿģЩ⣺С㣬δүҪˣΪʲôôһΪܿ΢ɬһء
⸱ãСģЦҡҡͷ޷ʲôɬġ棬˶࣬һܻװһװ
˵ףԴҪѾƽȵĺĶҰʾ£Ѿܹڴʱֹˮ
صȳ޺󣬴ϰһƽȵ̬õٴι̡
ɣ׼ʱһᣬнһЩŴ󻧱رĹءҷҲȽ϶̣ǳȴܶ档ԺҲȥ踮ҲŽʲôĶѧ
æͷæڱ֤֪С㣬ģھ͸ѧʱһΪϺȡֻҪߣҾһ׷ϡ
һۣССͣϹߣŶ󡣡
ɱץͷٺЦҵﻰ
ɸձĸʱͲ꣬ΪޣʱģССϣֻ۾ó档
ʱռѾЩɵҪǺͳһչ游ĸλ˿ģһ˵˵ҲˣСС;һ˵ԡµĶؼܡ
֮λ̹ĸ㽫ߣɸ
ǰ·ͣദ񣬹ϵҲǢ
ɵ֣ĵӲ룬Ц᣺ҲʮģغúѧãϾʱҲҪ֮ǱߣһΪѰһλ÷㲻ż

77 
Ϊ, ʱ~ʱ, ֻҪ˲̫, Ҳ˼ˡ
˱ظĺˣҿȡͯٶ, ȡ翴롣
ﵹǶѧϰЩ˽, ЦŴȤȷ
룺ʵڲ, 翴롣
ĸһ, Ц
ЩΣٲУҾͶһ¼£ռֵ, Ҫ׼Ǻֵܡ
ĸֵ̯Сģ, ָһĶͷûϢ㡣
ҲЦڲǸ׵ĴܺͶ, ڳ, ҪĿͷԡ
˵ͷ, ˾ͿС, ˫ֱѧոģ, ⲽ̾ϢǵĸһЦ
ʱ, Zλӳ, ̬ɣӦûʲô, ֻһ쿼Ϳٿζˡ
ĸϲĿڵĴʯͷһ룬ʣµһ룬ȴյİ񵥽¯
ԺԽ󣬵Ű
ʱУոѾʺ갵ĳɼ˿϶˻ǻᾭԵľ㱡
һ磬ʺڸʵסľʹ帣ϲȥŰ񴦣һʱȴ
˱ԭֱҾ˵ҲȥͶ綼壬һȥúɰʱˣ㿴ǣúÿǣ
һԱ綺ãС쿩ֱ֡
ĸŶͷԹӴƤɸҰһɣͷۡ
ȵ˹Ȼ֨һĸռ̫תͷ˵˵ܺͶܲС
º͵²ŴܺͶܣҲŵǣ˵˴ܺͶηӲ
ºͣģڶУеĽȴָƽ
ĸŮһ̸µȤºͰԣ֪ģʱ俪ʼ
ֱǰԺĸ͵һվ𣬼ؿſڣôôǲǳˣ
汻ֵܶǰ򷢻ŵϲ˷ܵس彫˽һĸһ񣺡ϲˣԱϰʮˣλүүλԱھţүλʮߡ
ĸϲã̫ˣдϲһȥϲǮ
лˣ
лˣ

ռ˵˲࣬šҲŲʮˣΪϲ£СȴӲӪһظԺ˵ָС
죬ռ˾һ𣬺úóһ١
ȻոĸТڣϵϯ涼زˣһȴõú㡣
ոĸӸһö⣺ѧֹмȴ򣬲ɽ
Ǹĸ׽̻塣
ҲȡԼһ¼Ϊ˸ϹɰЦӯӯϲλŹΪǿġ
л㡣
Цּ䣬ͷ·ЩѹһͷɢȥҲڿʼ˱ͷһ㡣
ZطĸһѾɣٲŬһָͻᱻȺСӸ׷ˡ
ĸ·ŪĵоѾ߽ˮ趼ЦҲˣТ󣬾ͺúÿһһһˡ
ZźЦ
˹Ŀţ룬ЦꡣϨƺĸпЩˡ
ĸ۾Ŵ̾ϢҲࡣ
˶٣ûסԲ䣬Ҳ࣬ҶࡣֻĻ񣬰Zˡ
ZĬٿڣɤѴ˸ɬܣʼմ̽ĶϢ
ҹУþã˷̾Ϣ
һգռҶϲ
ŷ˲ոĸТڣܰϯĸ͸ɴʺһһЩǮԼʲôͬȥһ۾ۣúһ
ֻķΧ£Ҳ֮ǰڳϲׯ¶ƵĹȹ
Ϊ֮ǰӰɲԼͬڴ·֮ϣ˫˫ñ棬̫ңɹЬµ·ڵģҲûл·ȥߵͷ
·ɲ߶ԭţϳűȽΣգԴϴγǼºŶֻߴ·
㻹úܣҲ͵ʱסˣ֮ûֻ
ΪС㶼ûסŵ̫ݣǸС㶪ӡ
Ц
ʱȷʵûŵΣˣصɢǿһŵû˵ˡ
ϲׯλǳСӽеĽӴ
ｫе׹ȹչ㣬ϲɴޣЩ΢ãСӣôоϴǼҪϲ٣Ū˰ɡ
ʵϣǺϲ٣ֱҪ̫ࡣ
µĲȷʵѡǿ飬澫տ幤ԼϸܵţҲôжϡ
С֣ûûΪʱָλ÷ʱ»ؼ̽ȥˣ;һλ÷죬Ϊ˱ʾǸ⣬϶໨Щ򡣡
ﲻɫԼĺɰɿڣǮ
ֻԭ˵Ǯɣ˳ΪϣֻҪﲻʱĶ˻ͿʽС
ֲ֣С˵ʲôռ˴ˡ
ֿȹãɿԱӽµãŵЦǳϲׯǵǸҾϲ
һǼȹѾƯˣһոһ˲䣬뽫ϣֻøǽϵĳ嶯
ĸһͨҪԿ䣬ûס¶˿Ц⡣ҲǶƸеˣֻʵڻʵ̫һʱ޷ܰˡ
æùʺ갣Լǲ¾ҪʼԺԣҲ˾Һ㸸ҲТ죬ʹȥһ˴£ȥΪүЩǮҲΪܡȥǱ߰ݰݡ˶٣ֳԲ䣬СãҲȥΪǩ
ռСϸ¸ճТﱲТһ꼴ɡ
ʶոĸТڣʺѾ͵ı˱Ժԡ
Ժͺһ£ûʱͬȥЦ䣬Ȥ
ĸһ£㸸ԸģʱҲҪء
Ц
˷֣ȥඣȥඣ
ĸСѾͷѵģҲ̧һ£ѽڼҺúôţԺٴȥ
Ϊʲô⵽Ϊʲô

֮ʱ䣬⡣

78 
ĸѡĿڳСѾͷ, ЩԲһСԲԲģЦˡ
ɱ󣬻һʦЩӡ
ؾظһ, ֱ, ôһ, ü۷ؾ࿪ڣ˵ǰҹ, ۼүҸϸΧһͽҴүһڰ߹Ѻ
ūճϢԭҲֻΪүִй, ȴԺмС˷ܷǳ, 졣ʱū¾ͺ, ǰһʲ֪, ԭλҴү۸үǶ֮ǰıҪϴүͶү, ֹμԡֱӼ߰, 顭
㽫̽ûɫ, ڼ䴩踮˵ĶԹͻҵŰͲν桢, òֱֽкá
ϸϸƷ, оСѾͷЩϲóЩ, ģ۹ԻǻգҲѧɵ־衣
ͷͼ˫ĿվһԣͷҡͷٲȻһϿʦģ̲סЦ
ĸСѾͷѡ治ڳҲɫʤĸޡ
ĸҲЦǰɣӴҵʱ˵ҪѡһѾͷȥѧԣʱԺкüСѾͷѾͷһʼ۵һȴû뵽ȺһȥѧһΰԻҾ
ͷ㿴ŴվһԣԲЦһϲ
ҲѾͷĸܹۡ
Ҫ˵۵ģǸɵѾͷϧ϶᲻á
æڻУǶϱ϶ǲᡭ
㹧վһԣ´Ŀⲻɫɨסɵ˫ķֱ䵽ԼһЩֱϡ
Цⲻ䣬۵ȴٻһĨɫ
ĸһֱС죬뿪Ժ
·ϣ￴Ż԰Զ̺Ǿޱǽ̲סۺ̾Ǿޱɿ
ϼԱЦ⻨ǽڷү׺ϷҪģϷ˵԰滮÷ʢѤЩһϲ
ﹴ𴽽ǣȷʵϲ
һЦڣ˿ҪһЩ֦ȥƿռҲѬѬӣĻĻ顣
ﴹ룬ȻףҲá
ɻһæȥѰȡ￴С뿪챳ӰЦҡҡͷ
̧ǾޱǽԣŻǽѤõĴǾޱü̲ס־ժһ䣬ȴһʹ̲סüһ塣
ѽˣѪˡ
￴ָȻѪ飬ȡһӰϣЦûû£Ǳ˶ѡ
ٴλصԷʱ仹δ
￴ѾæŽ֦뻨ƿ𴽽ǡ
תϵ׸ν£˳жͷЩλһתͷͼһÿʣͷؿ
һ£չЦ壬ˡ
ǰĴʹѯʣ˯ôʱ䣬Ƕˣó¸㴫š
˸ͷҲãȷʵЩˡ
԰գͽŲѣҲû𴲣ôƽڴϣֱֱؿ
ָһԼɣﲻף
۾ϸۣ󻺻εޣǲǶԱȳǰЩˡ
۽գգЦҲɫܰɣһֱǿˡ
ȴᶨҡͷҼǵǰͷʱԼڶ°͵ĳΣѾˣޣֻʣһ°ˡ

˶ǣͻȻоԼԶԡ
ȴﾶԵ϶ˣֲΪоϵĸǳࡣΪΣԴ޹Ҳû̫ෳգԵҲΪλݣ
һ˵ţһ֣ⷴĦ۴ơ
ﲻɫһ踮޹أڸϴúܺáֻǽļ̫ȣЩģȹЩͻˡ
̧ۿͣƭңǿһͼСӶ˵ռȫֻļ϶ٳģ

Щɬ˼Ĵͷ񲹳䣺̫ЩˣĲǡ
Ҫ̣Ҫ̣Ҳ۵С
ЦһָɽɽɽһڵŮ׳ʿҼ¾ۻˣ˵һţɲУ

ؿһЩɥڴߣֻЩˡ
ҾͻȥΪҲֲӻҵˡ䲻⡣
¼޸ܹ鲻ͳٿҲأҪȥˣ
һߵͷӣһԭͼڣҲһЩҶȥԺ󣬾͸Щ̫ԶЩЩ᲻á
С󣬾û˷ֿôʱ䡣
ͬͼﻹãֻҪʱǵȵ꣬Ҫĳ÷롣
飬ܹɵ˱ٵ
ĵ׵˶ԶȥֻһͼţͺͻȻһ㡣
żҹλʱоԼڿտĽֵ룬¼ǰ޿Ŀģûһȫ֮ˡ
־ֻҪ룬ͽ굽С
ü΢ڿϡ棺ԭ㾹ң
û
֣ϸϸЩ˸еˮӣЩζ϶ȴԾᣬЦֻռռǸģôûء
һ£æΪԼ⣺븮һֱҵҵи
˵꣬ɫû˿תּǵز䣬Ժһ
俴Ǹִٵı飬ûסһ֣ѹĶϣͷϸϸ۲üۣǿһҪǵá
ԹԵͷֵЦԣоֶϲһ㡣
ü΢䣺л
ӨŮӰڴϣЦѬȻüէȻչ¶Ц
侲ؿüչɣƸӲ㣬Ҫӵϣʼĳ嶯
˿壬ԻϵȣҪʱס⣬ȴʹһ䣺أ
һ£˻ŷӦ⣬ɻ󿪿ڣǣڳ֮ǰǾԼ𣿡
䣺
Ĵ겻Ծ۾һգգ峺۵ס
Σͷȷʵ
˵ţüĵ봺ȴڲ֪ȥ˴롣
չգˣĺˣغԼģ鷳
𴽽ǣٴӡһǣ佱Խϻˡ
ݸһЦ̧԰˰ͷЩɢķȴ棬鶸䡣

79 
ˣǺЩ𣿡ĴһתΪֱ, һקϸôŪģ
ժǾޱʱСıһ£Ѿްˡ򴽣
Ѹ, ȥˮȡһʪ, ָѪϸϸá
ӻȡһ໨ɹ, , ڳһСζ֬飬һͿĨ˫ϡ
ֱֱָϵ֬鶼굽գŽƿﻳһǿʱͿĨ, Ҫ´Ρ
˵, ظϴ, ת뿪Է

, 룬졣
, 뽫еĻ֬պ, ȴһױ, 濴һͬĻ֬֬
ⲻԭǹ𣿡
ЩɵؽɹȽһɻһ֬鲻˵ܹ󣿡
ôһӸŪޣ
Īǡ
ҵ֣
֮գǱæ
ÿ춼ǰԺ鷿æ, ʱֱ鷿Ǳ˯, ʱҹصԷ, ˯Ҳһֱûʱȥׯ¡
ȵȹԼĿˮڣ±ǱߵĹҲβ
գѵüȻǰˣæһˣ
ͷüѵ滺ԱѾʥѺͽʣµľ޹ˡ˵գͿЦôϲǩ⣿
һ£ѸٷһĨ죬򶨰֣̫ȣԴϻ𣬻ˡ
ѷı飬ֽϣ޷Ϊµ룬ظʱӾ¥Щ̸ȥСװӶ˳
ǣү
̸һֽҴȥԷеС
̧ۣѾ˹˺ϵյˮ۶Цζ򴽣Ҳߵ£󷽷ڣˣۣҵĳʳ
Ϊޣ۶ֵá
϶ݽкһЦ
еѾͷү˵ĸá
ûһ̸һöϲȵ֦״̹ϵʳ̣ʢǩ⡣
̷ϣ˸Ѿһȥ
ԷλʱϲźԷеĲĹء
𹫿꣬ȸӵǩ⣺ԾͶԵ㣬ʡһĵǣΪ϶ι㡣
ʹŵ۽޲˲̧мһЦһǩУϸϸƷȵȫȥ΢ЦƵȫζڳ㣬滹дǣ׽죬Ǿ¥գл塣
޼лԺΪ򣬿϶ܹ
Խڶгʾζʮ㡣
ﱻŪЩˣɴͷͻᣬ۵ɫʾԵ̫˷ˣøĳѧͺáһʼãֶϼ٣ɾϰһζͶ˳
˵գſӵָƲԾڿᵯ˼£ѧ䷽ŵģЦԽζ
һɫĻ𽥺󣬾Щ
̧Ų֪ʱȾϱһˮչգǶ˳˳һ޿ɵøҺúʾһ
һǩ⣬ڿиԸԵؽĴǣЦ񣺡ҡ
ҹɫżõ˻ǰԺ鷿ûȥֻϴ꣬޷һͷһ߿żСѾ߸
ﴽϹ߳ŵЦ⣬ʱֱۺͲõ¶ʱʱʱι۰裬ֻͷһȻ
Щͷù޲Ƕȥɡ
һ£ѸٷӦϲ̵غѾһˡ
ͷͿѾ޲վ󣬾ҪȥӣԼɡ
Ϊ˲һأ޿Ϊ򵽵ж˳
˵գﱳʪ޲һϸϸš
Ѿߺͱʱȫһĸܡ
׽ľ룬ŨҵϢһӾûװƵǿƾ
Ųĳ˲ʱĴֲָ޵ʹδʱͲ֪Ⱦɫ
俴ǰ˳ͷŮӣ²Ķû˿ͣ٣ָֻڲƵЩ
ۼŮӵĶɫѾ̺ӣȾ˵ĵɫ䴽ǹ
Σ߷ָɵڷкë˿ָУ۵ɫ𽥼
佫޲ϣӦǽⳡѰĲﲻɳһæЦݣл壬ࡣ
ζЦһۣȴûдǻߣľϣӵ
һʱЩĻţ壿
䣬̾һ½ﱧ𣬺Щأ֮ǰȥҳʱΪֲٺö˲ټʶΪԣţ
԰Ҳش𣬾һ˺һʼ
ﱻⶸȻڿպͱŪһҪʱʧȻ
䱳ϵַ߶תȦĿšڲȵУ޺޵һȥ
һҹƣᡣ
գʱͼ˵Ѳ֪ӵϽӵӣ˯㡣
۾Щ㱵գգǻЩѪͷһȦȦӡۻ綼˲٣һۿȥرˡ
ԭе߷ߣڿһۻݺۺЩˡ
һûע⣬е̫Щ
Ϊ֪ıԣ֪ǸһһˣҲûȥʡĻԼ
С𴲣ױУȡһƿҩ࣬룬ֽǹӻ֬ȡ˳
СеĶǱǻ֬飬Ǯ֮ǰżȻһκȴ˵ڻʹУǶģ۰Ƥ̵ߣǵϲ
һʱŲֱϼʱµİ̺ۣȷʵࡣ
Ŷ߻شߣȽҩļͷֱĨϣֿǳǳһİ̺ۣ˴ɹޣڳһСҪͿĨ
ȻҪȴŻ˯ͻȻ۾ָСҪͿĨζ֬סȴǿӲؽĨ£һĸֱָϣֺöǸҵıǲĨģɱ˷ˡ
üȰʵ̫ЩҹҲò꣬㵭ϵỊ̇ԺšָҲһЩ
ȴʣ̧ͷﾫµ٣ǿĨ꣬ǾĨɡⶫҲĨġ

ǸĵС㱻Ц
ҪﵥһڴϣִӴɹĨһС磬Цζ˳һ㣬ţ

80 
, ۵׵ɫȴԽΣա
ʶ, ͵һ׺ݼơ
Ȼأое
ͷؿŰڴϵ, , ڴϵɿ, Ų, һ, չ壺һЩ, Ϊ򷴻ڡ
ؿһۣѸٽҩ֬һĨ
ͿĨУĳ˹ڵı飬ƺߵ泩β, գҲδգȨδδ
ȵͿĨ꣬һ£Щ, ´λ档
һ, һץס֣갵ʾʵú, ΪҲ档
ȴֳ, Цһۣ۵ٴοʼԾС, ƲĿ, תƻ⣺ٹ, Һ׼ȥׯϿժź, ˳ܱǱ߿ɻпա
룬ϺĨĨǱհɣպÿԿмգȥǱϢ졣
԰գʹֵشԼϺƣߵ¹ǰȡһ£ߴߵǸׯһǳرԡأʱǿȥúԡ

ֻżȥ뻻ط°֪֪
ȥԺ밲ʱ㽫ȥׯϱĸ˵ˣĸܸˡ
еׯһһûȥȻ׼վͳҾ͸Ͻʰץʱ䡣
ŴЦǮܸأõģŲţֻҪں˵һõʱ䣬ǾѾ׼
˵ĸ̲ס֣ǵûЩǵÿء
ϱ̸ûһʹѾʰ
ĸһ̧ۣԼ浴⡢зģ˼֣壬ˡ

￴ϵ˸ĳ죬գգۣɫشͷ
ѾϰˣھȻ춼Ѿˡ
ʵϣϰˣĸϰԼÿյĺ״̬
Цӯӯǰһ̫æ˾ͶϢϢÿ밲
üǳЦ֪ģֻǸоѾþûĸףһ
ĸѵչ¶˵ĻŭţֵֿòС
ĸ㽫ͷǰŶԴŨɤýġ
ֻƾóүܻеıģ
ֻţ͸оԼļţأҪԾؿڡ
ͼĴϲֹĴԣ˵ģͷԼԲָɫһ
֮ǰݵ̫ˣǲ֡
뿪ʱһ뿪ĳԺ
˲һξɻؿδ뿪䣺ղȥֵ
գ䶼ڳԺ갲һţ뿪еʱ밲ŶȸʱѾڸϡ
תͷؿһۣЦȥ󣬼ǵΪΪ׼
԰գǿĽǶȣ΢΢ʾζʮ̽⣬Լݡ

ǰ۾ԾŮӣ乴𴽽ǣ˳Ʋ¼򣺡֮㶮ġ
˵գǻζ̬ת뿪
±״̬ת￴ԶԶ뿪ıӰҲ¹Цݣ߱˷ִ˳ǡ
˵ף
ͥ£ʾʾҪҪ
˻صԷûʣ֪Ѿ˷ܵظһǰڵˣոīүһ޴Ρ
һ£Σ
֪ףϷǹȡ˹򿪣¶Ưɫ
ɴ˹ȥ̲ס̾εɫƯɹģ
֮ǰˢõĶǰΣõĵΡ
εɫȴûǰһɫ͸䣬ţ̲ס˿˿ϲ⡣
֪ϲҡͷǲɹġī˵ִеļƷԴζϴˢ֮˿ڳ㣬ǻʹУûмޡүҲ֮ǰżȻõôһӣ¶ˡīת˵÷˾ʹžãýʡ
˫ת۵ȫϲõǣţˡˡ

Ծָ̧˸ԼкõգǿǣЦүˡ
Ǹоһӡеˣ
⵽ʲôĹ񱣿
֪Ц⣬СлУīղŻѯū˵ϲʲôɫζĴ֬үȥƷϼѵĻˣүĺġ
ӣЦЦˡ
ڳ⣬ָԼҪÿ챻Ĳλ
ԣ䣡
󣬳ѧǱ߸ѧǷռ٣踮ʰȫһȥ˸ͼׯӡ
ׯӣ踮г֮ǰ⣬˶ֻ֪λá
ʼҲֻܸ˱ϵļأׯÿĹߡʳ֪ׯϵϢ
һ磬踮ǰͼţ˳Ŵһ·򶫣߹ƽ̹ĴС·ֱ쵽ʱ䣬ŵִ伸ǰͼµСׯӡ
˽ׯͱϸׯӵĹԵׯڽ踮˽ȥ
ͣȣĸԶһУ˪ѩҲѹ˷Сܹĸףĸ
˳ĸ񣺡λ밲ūλӡ
䵭Ƴһۣɡ
վԭҲҶһ¡
ĸƣĸȥЪϢһ¡
ȥɣҵĴǽȥ
һλɾˬ߳Ⱥūҵģλū
ҵ˵ׯרΪŮסķ䣬ĸ£Ϣһ£졣
˵գֱ֪ϲ¶ȣΪĸһȥȥۡ
ܿ죬ѾߺǾʹϰѶ˽ĸõùߵĴʡһһ޹ϣȫ˽
ĸϺ¼յȲ裬΢ҲѲϡ
ĸ䣬ѯʣʱˣҪ΢ЩϢ
ĸҡͷЪԺ˵ӴҵߵӴҸоԼϹͷҪɢˣǳεͷΣȻҾǲʺϳԶš
ڴϣȡһƿͣᰴڶϣЦ˵ﻰڻأϡ
ĸ۾һֱ֣ͣЦһۣŵʱҲõңԺóϷͺá
ﻺӦˣźĸѵ£˴齣æ´ʺת뿪
뿪֮ǰһֱվǽǵ㡣
Ҳ֪ģȵ϶ഩ˺ü㣬֣ȵնϸ

81 ׯ
֮ǰ˵λͽʱ, ˵㲻, 
ϵ󲿷ֶȣ·ǽ֮ǰ, һǮܳԱ, Щɲ졣
ÿն취Ӳ, Ӳϡ
ڿ, Īǻϲഩѣ
ֵض࿴, Ůһ, ת뿪
һߣѩ˪ѵǵסȥһȦλãֻظ˻, ü۾ĸס
ºЦһ£ҵĵΪ׼·, , 㵽ߡ
ǣˡ
ׯϱũҲϵ, ۾³̶ȱȲø, ҰԷȴһζ
һβûŮ, һ˾һʳ
ղ˵, ϱɽϵĹйӶ, һ, Դ˪ѩȥǱˣˣ
ڳĶʲôӣѯʡ
ʯӺ棬һЩɽѺҰӡƬɽ»кź㣬ҵúܣ־Уաʱ߶Щˣ֮ࡣ
ף֪ˣõġ
ЦЦһۣѾòûէȻһЩϰߡ
ţдһأԼӦʲôʽֻЦ⣬۵ʶΣ⡣
һ£̲סһѸתͷ԰ɳ԰ɣźƬڳģúó
ջĿ⡣
ѧͦã
˵ûϵסҲ
ϣ质Ǻ质ĬĬͷޱŷˣȴʧУ찡ǸղŶʲô
λŻѪնô̿ѪȻĸһ£ʾˣ
ʲô쳡
̫
ڱѹѹ
˪ѩ˵ദҲĬĬͷ
ѩȷĸ֮ȷʵܺãϲ˪۵ȴǿٻһĨȻ
˾̲סȥ룬Ҳ֪ĸǰǷҲĬ
Ӧûеİɡ
ڵһͼӵĽڽĸ
ڣѾĸ˭˸һɶ
˪üеķˣ겻Ծ
֪ڵĸ׺ܺãҲ
ֻżԻڿĸ븸ദʱܿƵǳԹΪθ׵ĸһʱܸһϧ
ϧֻһ㣬ĸǲǾͲᱻ
ٻĸھͲǰ븸ȵһ𡭡
һ縸ĸ㡭
磬̫̫ʱŮѾӣȥɽժ
һ˻ׯ׼ĴֲɽʱһҲۡ
ʱڵʯ֮źɽȴڡ
￴˪˪Сһûסֱ֣ɽѺģᡣһѰջƣԵȴ١
ѩ˺һŻ͹ĸΪβ˵
Ц˵ũٲݣ֪ɬ˵ģ϶ûԳҪǵ
˪һʯһߣĸס
̧˪СԴˣɿǣʵܲ˾ȥһö
˪ǰһѩһۣ׷ڵλܣлĸס
һ˺ǽеɬѹ£üչЦŸǰӰ
˪ѩСܣѵ÷ſţĸףĸȵǡ
ɽϣׯϵİ˲ٹɢɢϼãƷֵĶУɹģ
żƻһͣͣߣСʱɽ
Ѿڵϣ΢ЩҲֻʼ죬µؿŮȤһ֪Ǹ֮ǰǲõͶɵز棬̫
˪ѩ׸ǲõ²ȼλֳҲĥȥϲ˵
ĸףѾˡ
֮ǰѾܶˣĸס
ü΢䣬ÿɷں׳һˣҲǵˡ
վɽˬɽ磬ɽ¾ɫֻһؿˬ
۾⣬ָɽһˣ㿴ǺԱߣǲϷ˺Ǯ֣
ִڶǰ۾ϸƣͷЦȷʵǣĸ˯ˣ䡣
ѩΪ壬ĸϵʼսܣʱˣַڴߣĸ
ɽµĸһ£̧ͷĴԱǮָɽͷ˵˾ʲôĸ۾ϱɽͷһЦȺӣôϸȥˣÿûһҪȻ÷ϵϹͷ
˵ţǾеǻ˼£ȴû˼󺰳
˪ѩõĸĻӦҲŹϸĸ
ɽĸߵЦգָŻ£㽫ַ
Ǯֵ֣˵ΪʲôҪÿѾͷЦ۰
ǮְοϷʵۣ͵ûˡ
ĸЦոյĺЩȻֹΣڣʵ˪ѾͷҪʱͦõġ
ǮȻ˽Ľ᣺ʱͲã
ĸ۾Ĭã͵ǮΪĸشʱȴʱ򣬲Ǻòõ⣬ֻҪһͻСϡ
µŮӤģµģȻĺӣȴҪָʹسЦ˵ʲôܻҵǮŮҵĸȻƾССΪƾʲôԸ޽
˵ǹŮǹ֮ӣϽĿⷿŮѡЩĴӸϸźţɥŮš
ⷿеĶ꺢ӵĵ˽Կס
ǣһӶûջ
СϽź󲻶һʱˣϾȷʵж
Ǹñӣҿڿ棬踮еһжӦӹܣȴ̲ˣ
һҲûҷλ𣬵ʱǱͷԷ裬һУȥ⡢ѪƴһǰĹ
Ȼ󣬱͡
Ǯּĸľͣһ̾æЦתƻ⣺ū˵ȥƬɽϿвٵʯվŵƬɻڳĴźǶʮһ۶ɶǼװүͷׯסϼȻȥò˶ãϷܱˡ
ĸ۽գգץסǮֵ֣Ǵ͵ģȴ𽥴ЩԣǼףҵĺҵСԹԣϾҪˡ
ɽ֮˪ɽµĸҲЦ֣Ҫͼַ£תͷǮ˵ʲôϵЦⶼȫ
˪ЩɥϸҸղŵС𣿡
ߵĴϲæοС˵һϸϸģŲҲ
ѩҲȰ˵˪ãǴҰˣɤҲ㲻Ҫⷽұȡ

82 Ȫ
˪ɫ, ֺ, Ҳ¶Ц⡣
ЩߵؿڣһСղѾŬˡ
´Ӧôϲ㺰, ֻҪԱ浾žС
ѩ⸱ܺЦ, ˪ûס洽Ц֪, ´ξɡ
ֻ뿪ǰ, ûסͷɽĸվλ, ϸСü£š
Ȼ˵öе, лһϸС˵Ǵ
ع˹ĸЦĴѩЦһ
ĸȷʵϲ
ǣΪΣ
һ, 质Ǻ质˱ׯйӲ졣
质Ǻ质ȻҪ߿ƾ֮·ôũϾҪ˽⣬һЩֻũ֪, ӦԷ, ϸĵס
ʱأ˻ѯһЩ, Сֻǳ
质, ʵϷԱߵĺУʱź׽æòֺ
ֻŪĶ, ɽϵûϳˡ
ҹ, ϴ, һź硣
ϯ质ͺǵɪ, ģֱģһԸ½ҳʣĸסĸף
ĸһӣϸ̣ĸС
ĸųһڣͷȷʵۡ˵գͿ质ЦҲ֪СôľΧũ˶ץˣƶᣬӲץסˡ
质СĵϽͦظĸޣֻǻС˵ĸ㿴ⲱӱβȵãڻأҲץסʲ
˿һߵĺӡӣ̲ס֡
俴质⸱ģЦȻϲǱŬյҲˡ
٣ϡ质ߣӣȻӦ
ʱ质ҲһڣȤʣܸ˦һ׳ʿ
质ͰƲͷŻĺĺʱ˵ЩĹ
˹Ц
ĸϵһȺʮĹСӣҲǡ
ʵſƫЩСһﳤö
ֻĿⲻɫСǸڴ޶ġѪС
ϣЩӵĴڣܹСе޵ĸڡ
ˣĲ㳹װ
ũׯڣ糩ˬҰҲࡣ
˷Ļ£ѵóʱؾһԣ໥̸һƬгǢ
ĸҲȫЦģѵûпż´Ὺ˴ϼ仰
￴ǰ̸ֽĺǣͷ̧ɴԲ£ǵЦⲻԾ
쵽أЩҡ
Ҳ֪ĸ׺ͼλڼУǷҲ
ͷ۵׵㯣ɫӡ
ɻתͷб۽ǣζ̫УʲôУ
ͷţ
£ι޷ľ޴ԡء
ףȪ￴޷仹ðˮأˡ
俴۾̾Сģ̲סСһ뻳УЦõ⣺ΪСȪۣҲµׯӣլӵĽַȪϡ޿ȥԣ
̧ͷ΢Ҫȳȥһ£ϴ꣬
˵з֮ʵڷǴʰΧڵĵص̹̫߳ܡ
Ǻ⣺㷽ʱǾѾµͷִùģ

ûУ
ʣʱĸⷬ׵Ĳ²⣿
ҲãܻӭΪ㡣
˵գְ¡
æֹ߼Ȱ裺壬۲ˣݵĸãһǵ̫ׯϵİնá
˫һΪ˽£һߴ׺סСɵĶ飺ްСЩ
ǣ֮䣬Ƚϴ󡭡
ްΪš
ۼ⵽ѾҪ̹Ƶ͵£Լһ¾ͿҪ¡
ﵥֻأ̲סֱڲϺݺšȦͣͣͣ
϶һ٣صһ۵Ѹٳϼ˷ܵĳ죬һʹһ¾ͱֱ˺Ʋ
ͣͣģҲͣ
˵գܵؽԭءŻصСһѱ𣬲ŵϱɫʯ壬ɿԾ뷿еȪ
ͨһľ޴ˮȪУˮǺһͷһоԼ㱻Ǻȥ
ûϵˮþú֣ͱĳĶѸ.У롣
ҹȪζ˺ܳһʱ䡣
ЩˣͱԱߵϣȻֱָ±ȪмΡ
ֱϴһȪﻹЩ㱣ֹסذûڣǰ⴦ׯӡ
Ҳ֪Ƿˮ¸ⲻͬԵʣյر𼤶
Ŭס죬Ƿ˲͵
ǿᣬоӹҲҪҡɢ˼ܣʹָоһ㡣
ȻԱȶԣһֱҡӹǵֻҡ
ڴУΪƵԵʣֻϰʹ
Ļ£֡ͽŵװ壬ʣµľͼûһ⡣
ȫȾɫ
ϳȣǽõһ㣬ò׳ۡ
ƣ۵෴ǣ䶥һ˺һˬ㡣
ջδȥѾڳϷˮơ
֮ǣ֮
Ȫã
*
һȪ˶̫죬Ҳˮе̫ζ̫ζĶ׵õ䣬һҹֻεʮһʱĳ
ʱûã˺˳񹤣λ½ŲõСĸĿһʼϲͣչΪճȣֱķͿ
о񡢷꣬Ҫ룬Ҫڵʱµ£ȴҲ
оԼҪŭ屬ʱһ˲䣬ǰһΣ˾ڱˮУλŮ⣬֣
ʲôأСĸߣСĸɽ**·⡣
Сĸ飬ԺȣЩ强㡣
ޣˣǺǺǡ
欷ˮһճڰ߲ͣϸӰŻ
ؾãˣΣƽĵģ
ţˮ˲룬һԲֹ
ֹЦֹƤЦֹƤЦⲻЦЦ
.壬ͷͷޣޡ
û˵꣬ͼеѾͷ𽥿ɣ𽥱ϸһ֮ǰϲģ
彩Ӳվԭء
ȻЩģòоǺƯþò
ϸɻ̧ۣеɻʣ壿
䣺
ѾͷĻôΣҲܽܣ


83 
һ, ɫһ谵, ϡҹĻʹ
ڴϽӲһ, ǻеƽĹ, ˯е, Ұ졣
, Ӧ֮ǰԺ, ˡ
, ִԳ˯ŵ޺ҧúõһС⣬ҪƴɲϹˡ
ҹ, ˡ
ȻӦҲ֣ΪʲôҪأ
, ޺޵һ, һϡ
ž
飬Ҳ
˲
, , ˻û֮ǰǰֱȥ򣬶ؽ뻳, ¡
⣡⣡
˯ܶ೤⣡
*
һһֱׯס, ֱļڿ, δװ»صͼǡ
Ȼ, δԳˣǽѻˡ
Ȼׯÿ˯ó㣬˯ǰ˶ȴʵЩԲ
øס죬ø
ֱľƣ
ص踮ЪϢ죬ŷڸʱյеĴƴˣֻѡһ֮ǰ˵ûμӵĹ硣
ȸ֮ط֣֮ǰÿβμʱֵļλ԰ڵķ˾ȻС
ŷӦȴ棺֮ǰͼæ£֪𣿡
ЩΣ˳ǰͳ׺һֱǿԵ˽˿ռ䣬ԹĹ
ºգۣЦ֮ǰȷʵһӱȽæǵʱϻ£ûȥʡֻ˵ǽ˼ҳˣ
Ϣ֮ǰڳԺʱ㽲ģҲ˵ϸ汾
˵Щ֣ҲûٸףˣвٹԱγܲ࣬һȥĹԱء˵ֵ꣬صΪʲôܸ֪ɡ

͸ˣǲ֪
ǱҲûмֵ𰸣ͣʱһԶͷϣ󰡣ҲǴԼ˽Կһ󣡵صָɽɽһȺҹüû˷֣ǲصҲء
ֹܳ˽ֻܹӪ
ɡ˽󣬾ɣأ乫ȡųȲ̶ͬȴ
˻Ȼ򣬾éٿ֮С
ԭϴȥָɽֻΪ̿ͣΪ˲ɫɽŰ̽ѰΡ
һ̧ͷŴȤ򶨿ڣǸһ⣬Ůڣһڹ飬Һȥʡ
ֱһ£ܹȻôҲһûкģҲĴ󡣡
ЦЦ䣬㽫һ
ֻȴڸпţ˽ĵض̽䣬Ҳ֪㲻Խ硭
һ㿪ʼ
ۼųи˼ŨҲûи˼ȥ˼ңһ˼Ͷ뵽踮Ľ׼Уﱸ踮ȹĵһԲڡ
գ踮¶Ų죬ǻϲ
磬˾һֵس˸Բ
ĸΪĳ˵Щϰ׹һһ׵ģգʳݡʹ£ʳ£ģתˡȷǣͷƤֱа
ĸÿ߶һСǾͻһ뻮һ
踮ĵһԲ
踮֮ǰڼңһٷĸһٷ㼸ӣ֮ĸһԲܡ
ˣڽֵգСǶϧ
ܵĸֽǮָﵹһ𻨾ƣЦ𻨿Ǹ顢ʢ֮Щ
ؽˮӹѰ˼ǣԱһֻֻ֣յٵУĸ˹ⱭȺ˰ɣ̫ǳ֮һ˯ϣϵȼƴȥˡ
԰գЦһٺȣһЩʱҿȡ
֮ǰȾƺľָԾ˲
ססЩߺգ⽿ߵϱһòϵ֡
ĸŶ۵׵ζͶϱͻȻĺ죬ΪˣʾԼǳ
ûֻЦжСѾߵҲУԺ͸Է̳ӣԼȡ
ӣϸˡ
󣬳λӵԺӶ˾ĺɻ£֣С±Ⱦµ̡
һȥԷһɸѾߺҹƣɫ죬״죬ȴžͺϲ
شѡģûԼСԺϵϣ͵ϵ֮£ԡ
һæ꣬ʱҲ룬˾ϸеǰ֮ǰٺׯµȼƴ
ٺׯλͼ޺ԣﲻͼϲʿۻĸ߶˳ṩ⴬
ÿѽ֮ʣһλ󣬾ȼƴ趼൱Ρ
жһȼƴֻ˵ɡ
ݲ̹ܼ˵֮ǰŵСȥʹκ󣬶˵ȼƴѾˡ
պ֮ǰ֪һͼץ˲˽´ĹԱһֱѺȥ˾һָǱֱӳ˼ңٺׯԤһӿճ˺üҡ
̹ܼҵϣһұȽϿģεٺׯ֮С
·ϣﻹȤº˵ЦŸп⻹ɣǸպñ鵽Ҳⲻ
ü΢ۺȤô֪ɣ֪ٺׯȥ涩λõļҸʰˡ

˵Ӧòܰɣǿı飬Щɣģ
佫ͷ֣峺۲Ķ˻ΣͻȻ𴽽ǣЦһ£ȻǼٵģǲ
ǽԤλõۺϵһѡһѵĶʱˡ
ΪЦ޵ٷһ˲ƵĹ⻪ﲻ΢
գգۣάϵ򶨣㶼˵ˣ䣬Եӡ
ЦӲ
ഽ֬ıĴ꣬ǳЦϹ˵ġ
䣬̧Ĵ£Ӳϣϲ

ɧɧ
ɧ
ɧ
üȵͣ£һƳ»ָº͡˹ŵģ
ﲻɫƲһǣװʲô˹İ࣬˭֪˭
³ǰͷһۣǡɲ׽飬ǲԾһ֣۵ѸٻһĨ⡣
踮ٺׯǰԺūȥٺׯĹȥ̶ˣϴգż¥˴϶¿ʫᡣ
Ц质ǣôҪҪȥСһ£
质ǣ

84 ʫ
质ԱЦʫˮƽ, ֻǿôһ, ҶϹӲա
质Ҳͷȵס, Цüһһʣֻʫһϻûп, ȿ˾ͺ, ۡ
质Щ߾, ǿ򶨣ҳʫһ, 涼
质Цòû, ֻʫ
ĸĪѯʣôˣǸʫôˣ
԰㣬ѯǷ֪еɰԡ
ҵز£, ҡͷЦϷˣū澻Ĳ֪ء
ĸЦһۣȤѾͷ, ⾫ͷŵȥ, ȥЩԣҲиˡ
ķһ, , æͷ
ļ䲻ţҲ֪Լ㸻̬ģ, Ƿ˴˵ۡ
޹ļ, ˹ĿڣɵǸͽܣôһʱû, ͺһġ
ĸЦ˵, ԭȻϸϸһСѾͷһСľͱ⸱̬ģɼҳԺķˮá
ЩȸԾ򴽣һ̾ⳤٶҲЩǰˡˣųİɣټҶûϳ
㣺
̫˶䣬ˡ
ϸһо⻰˵ÿЩݣҲʵֵЩ̫졣
￴㴹ײģºЦֶ̫ҲãڻᣬҪע塣Ѿˡ
ҧŴ͵Ӧ׿ﲢǰ˫֣˰أƺѾȲˡ
˵ݣĸעӴǲˣ֮ǰǸС˫°أôûˣ
Щ˼ָ̧֮ǰЩģЩۿҪˣӦǻϺܶࡣ
ӴҲģ֮ǰһֱûע⣬Ȼȥ͸úò
ˡ
ǣ֣۵Ժֱϵĸһͷһ𻨾ƣȼγԣͲˡ
ĬĬ̧ۿ˰ɡ
ĸϽͷȵҲãƺ˯ʺ⡣
˱ִۣгЦղŲ֪ǼΪʲôһᵽǸʫЦ𣿶ϱ
俴ٴΰ˵Цһ£质ǵܵȥɣץʱ䣬洬׼ˣǾ͸ˡ
ǣס
质ǼҿŹʫģæɳһתʾߵøߡ
˪£ղŲ˵ʫĸ׽ȥ
质ǻͷһۣʫǽϹʫĺ鷨ȥһ
˪ޱģԾ´ǣСڵĥ£ĬĬԼķ¸С
质ǴŵԶԶ뿪ĸ׽Ƕʫµ󣬲һ
˵ʫĵʣۼλδ֪ݵĸһ⣬øϼʫһĸ־
ȻԼʫ뼤ĸ־ʲôǸ׼Ȼ˵ˣˡ
Ȼ˵ƽʱѧʺͶ϶൱㣬Ҳʦֻʫһϣȴȫԣ÷ӼΪͷۡ
˵ʫûŴİ־裬оŵ󺣳ʫˮƽһģӰġ
󺣳֪ȻٳǺ񣬵ʫˮƽȴһ£֪᲻ᱻۼҷӱǿֵʫˮƽúӶ˼
ాһޣʵںСԺһ֣ǰ²ἰʱĽ棬ôһܿģд֮󽻸˸ס
ѧϿʱһԲйصʫʾ֭ղͽдĸʫó˸
ȴЦŴȤ˵εʫԾͱҪԲ٣Ȼּ˼磬˲ȸԾŮ飬Ϸ򿴵ʫĽϣβ
质ǣŮ飿
质Ů飡
۹
Щ质ѹʫ仰ֻҪһҪЦòͣ磬Ǹ衣
质ǣ
ǽ磬յīתĸţһīתԭòɹƾһʫģĸˡ
质ǣ
΢չţλĸĻԣ˼徫ıʫ⡣
质ǣԻã
ǶǴƷģ
ǲǶʲô᣿
质Щյվٺׯһ¥̨ԣǽϹŵͼǴѧǵļʫ̾һ
ʫʱΪʲôһ飬ռұСĸŪ÷˵Ů飬ĸ˵Իá
ʣʾǺڡ
质û质վһ˺һŽЦѹȥ˲ᣬоЦöۡ
һתͷͼ˪ǽϵһĸͼӯӯ
ɵͼϿһۣоȷʵû㲻Ҳû侳ˮӯĵزɻ󿪿ڣ˪ãϲ
˪Ӳ˲۾ͷϲϲҡңӡ
质ȷʵͦϲ
̧ͷϸšü
илˣ⾳һĻ̫дλ˪õڿ޸ʲô
¥˴ĸ质ǵʫСԣҲЦǰ
Ц⣬ĸָ质ڵ䣬ɿڣǽҲʮˣǲҲ˸ö׵䡣
ԱС˹Ʒ裬⻰æڣǺʹ궼Ҫͯڼʹ˵Ҳ˵ʲôõģţҲ١
ĸͷҲãΪҲúÿҿǵѧҵܷӱҲò˶õġ
ˣڶνġ
ĸڶǵ̬ȣǲԾ
ڽвˮ꣬սյ£һվŵͻȻǰ
üͷصţȫûпһֹۣŵΪϲΪյ
ڵĹУֱλպ¶úܺõļѡ
վ˼ؿһۣüš
ʵذڿϣƽؿ󣬽յ赭дԱһƣΪĸ׵ˣֻźĸ׾ͿɣԺûҵǰ
æӦ£ǣү֮˳˵һԡ
俴ǸɵģĵջߣһִԱȡһֻյΪԼ
ĸԱӵЦӯӯͷǣòʱϲźԺǧҪǰ
㴹ףЦӦǣϷˣū澼ˡ
Ǯֿһۣû˵
һʱⷽռоһֹİ֮С
۽գգоϵߣЩڡ
ţżû̧ͷûƻ踮ҹ棬ӦްҲͷ

85 
, λ, δѾ׼ˣǿҪϴ
²յ, ˿ɫȥϼλүС, ׼
ǡ
һ˵ִٺׯʱ, ɫѽ, ִһ, ȫ
Ƴ, ȼƹٺӳԲ³Ӱһ
踮Ц˴, ׯѽƲ˶ã͵δУλҲѾӵ׼λ
Ǯַĸм, ȵϴ, źĸ£̧ͷվڴ, ˰, 룬ǵͷĸ˵Щʲô
ĸһ, ſ, ǡɿſվŵ, ϶Ȼֵļɬ, û壬ּѸٵͷ°䡣
ͷĶ踮еСѾͷڼʱı׼
ĸһ߳ûƢɳ۽Ҳ
ˣһŴ֣ߺһδ㻺
վڴһ߹۲źˮߵľһƸ̾ٺׯЩĴҲգóʮҡ
ڳط⴬˵Ҳ⵽ܹɶʮ˵ģȴ
͵ƣǴҶһ𣬲ܶʧȴȤζ
ҲٺׯĶ˭˵Ĵǻ¥ǱߣҲ軨ġ
˵΢һ٣࿿սϴ˳ļСѾѧϰزˣ˵ΪҪҪȥ򼸱ʱµĻǺúоо
첲ڲһ£۾ˮչգ壬ǻ˰ɡ
ܵȥӣҲ±˿
ҡĿȥ˻ֻҪһ˿϶ᱻóڽǡ
˽ˣˣҪ踮һúˡ
ѸٽְסĦˮһ۸ʾ¡
һζֻҪԡ
ûһβ质͵ĴкǿлȻҲٺׯĴ
ѽǵġѩҲпƯʮɫġҲ
˪Ǹոѧ٣һһĵĽ׶Σ޷ܹתӡ
˼Էļһ¶Ҳÿտɡ质˵
Ҳѧ𣿡
Ȼǣ˵ѧ䣬δԷļһ¶
㺮꡵ϰôãһ൱
Ǽĵó죬ѯ͸ѧ
ǸͳĳɼѧǱߵĽΪοֻ͸ߵĽȣʮ˽⡣
һۣᶨؽҪߵְסԼͲš
ȸоֱٴδ飬۾˼Ǽö质Ͳ䳡öСľЦް֡
ﲻ⣺кθϵ
Ц
ڴβ质Լ̸ЩյشͷûȲǱȲ
ۼȥˣֵԾɲĸװ֡
˪źƯ֪ˮٴӯۿʮأȻֻڻϹȡ֣̫ˡ
质̾ϢһؽԱơ
棬Ϊһϲˣû˪ôḻĸ黳
ǻĳô˸У
ˮԼ󻨴ֵδ޺򣬽ͼڵĽ
Žȼʢӵ鶼ãһߴߴ˵ͣ
˾质ûסʫ˴󷢣˺üףС˷æȡֽ̿ţʫһһ¡
һʱ󣬴ҽδͣǰ񣺡λͣǰѾˡ
ĸڴһͷѿʼƮæڣǾȥ䣬ټ
ЦŷסĸסЩҡεӣŽǰᣬʨˣģҲȥƸ֡
ԶԶԣˣϲЩ֣ߡ
ĸǰͷСѾͷʹ
վȺ󷽣˼Ϸ˸ղŶ˵ĻлҲѡ
оԼ⻹ûʲôأΪʲôһûûƢϷˣͻȻǿӲ븮뷨
ҸղϷ˿ʱɭ쵽ЩСȷľ
һɴ·ղ˵ǻϷˣƽͰϷ˸ˡ
ͷ·аһ㡣
̧ͷǰ˷ߵϷˡ
ʱϷЦ̵ģָֻƽĴȺģǰȴҲ֮ǰǰЦΡ
ͷ㿴ԼϺĸѣͽźڵֱۣ۵ͻȻһ˿⡣
ܳūɱ
ۼҪ뿪踮ˣΪβƴһѣ
Ⱥǰշĸ̤ǰһ˵ľԼͨһµˮ
ôˣ
ʲô£
ˮˣ
æͷͿĬĬͷʹӣһ޹䡣
ɵؿ߶ϵǽˣɻ壬ղſǷʲô
üšظһ£ոһѾͷͻȻײ˹ÿÿ죬ͰǸƣðײȥˡ
ü̲סԭ֡
̫˽ıԵĻ
иղۿùȥ˳һŽȥūͣȫͷҳ
ⲻĿ죬Ҳˡ
˶߶һأۡ
ȡȡȡ
࡭
ϤŮڴ½ţһ£˲䷴Ӧˡ
㣿


˼֮ǰľȺҶ̧ͷˣжʲô
Сɿ
棬ĸǰ֣ҲֻΪ󣬶һֵ˿ŷԲˣ̡
οﻹȥһЩ㲻֡
Ǹ㵽ƾĵΪǸ׵ۣȥͶͱ
ƾ⣿
ƾǱԽС٣
ĸһ£ֲսͷ¡
ľҹܡ
ΪǱŵˣæְҪ£ǮЩҹȥ
ĸ׵Ѿͷ⸮еū񶼹һֹ¶լĸûһ
ҪߣĸϵԽˡ
͵ȥȥñȥ
һ£ͷͼĸͷץֱ۲
գգۣúúãȥȥұ㲻ȥˡǡ
ͷվһԲ˵䣬תͷµ￴ţɱֳǾͲˡ
̧ͷûзԣæǰ֣ǣˡ
˵գæϼСˣȥ봬һȡӵȡӣõõ

86 
ԭפϢ, Ŵĺʮ, Ҳʱûܣ˳ĸ, ˳̤ȥ
˪ѩҿ˿, ҲԹԸ뿪, 质ߡ
ۼһ˴, ʼֵķԶԶȥ, ϵǳЦ, һæ˵ĵ̰ɣұúÿѾͷʲôıӵȻıɱ͢Ա
˾Ĭ, ҳ
质ߵ, ˮвͣڵ, һ󡣡
ؿһۣѵüˣ
质ԭţǣ, ƽʱﲻˣ
һۣ
Ҳϲ׺һĹ𣿣һ, ˵΢ɪɪģ˭ϲŶ˶ϲ, Сȡз
质졣
û, Ϊһ, һԭҵ, ϲһΪ˻صظСȡΪ
ǺȻ踮⼸꣬ǰĸ˪һġ硱ŮӴǰվġ뺷ĸţ֮ǰǿӲնˡ
棬ֻ˪ദ̶ʱ䣬͸о۵С
̫ˣ
̫ܿˣ
Ҳ̫ˣ
ֻҪδķ˻˪ֿ̲סӲ˸ս
˵ĸײҲ׺Ҳϲ𣿿ɼǸһġ质ͻڼΪ粵
һۣϹ˵ĸ绹׺
质ˣﲻ׺
ֻ֮ǰ䳡ѵʱСļֱۺ¶ϣǾ͸ֹ
ԭǻ˵ԼӦѵʱܵˣʱ䣬Ǵ϶УӡˣƭԼ˵ĸɵĶС
Цһۣǿĸ׺ᡣ
质æͷ
ԵĶԵģΣϵһܵ
*
´ԭŵһǣĸҲ֪ģƺܲδͣҪ뿪
˼һҲûзֻһСԭصţǴĸһ
꾰пɣ˳޴󺵣ϰǵľòҲⶶӣһЦտۡ
ʨˣȸΣǻ⴮Ǻ«
ָƽʱڸм֣ĳʳһСѾͷǵ׷׵ߴ˷ܵߴߴСۡ
ֵӰ£ĸץֱ۵Ҳ𽥷ɣװûзʧ̬Цӯӯָǰǰ滹ˣģȤҲȥ
úúáɺĸӦ΢ЩٶۣȴвӦ
ֻǱߵ·ϣûסڵްƢҲûʲô˼ǧҪ밡
ʧЦĸǵǳЦҡͷҺܺõģϱϹ룬ͷİɡ
ϻȱ㣬ҲһʼڽʱЩʱ䣬ʲôȱˡ
Ҳͬ𣿣
ңֻڶԴһϣûаֿڶǰĳŵ޵桢Ȩ͵λԺ徻ˡ
ҲˣʱΪֹЩ쳣Ҳȥ֪̽Է˽**ĵߡ
֮һֱֹ
ȥˣŽҲˡ
һڹˣȺΧûһĸȾʻɣƺǴӸղŵľ𽥻ָ
ﲻĸղΪλţֻΪĸǰˮŻˮķӦ󣬼˴Ҳ޲øϽԶԶĲźá
ֻСӻСñϹأͨ԰
ǰǰĸ۾ƲһɿɰС
ʺ갽մĸ׺͵øպҲ⸽棬һʼûз踮һڣĸ۾⣬һתͷ˼λѾСˡ
ѭǰķϸƣͿӰ
æקʵĸ첲ϲʸ㿴ǲޣ
ʺ갵ͷͿλŮ踮Ϸһվһ߿ˣ
üͷԾһ壬ͷȷʵǴ㡣
ǲ֪ǽԲӣλȥ
ǹȥúġ
λӺū͸ϵѰʱͿѾռ˻ϵһһС
˪ѩһ𻶿СֹĸĸһʲôԱռֵԶԶվһԣûв롣
质һˣ
תͷͬС飬ϲ𴽽ǣ߹ȥҪС˾ˡ
С˾ˡ
㡭

质Ǻ质͸Ц˼Ҳȥ
ԶԶؿܵռ˴һ˵֮ǰѹĵ׵Ĩٴηҡļ
һ
ʱıܲһ
߽֪ղżŮ̸ʱΪʲô˵һԣûв롣Ϊĸĸ̸۵ģʵĳ׼ˡ
ʵĻȻһϵвۣԴʽ֮󣬻Ǻܿ졣
ϸ£ռȥڣѡһӣպľ£㲻䣬ﱸϲҲǿüϲ¸ոպá
Ϊϲ½ĸϱԹæңüϲȴڣֻЦŶĸԭڼʱһоһ޳ȥҾ͸оĶĶ¶࣬ɼ֮ǰڼиҰ˶æ
ĸҲЦúϲ£죺ǻøл׼ĸ׼ĸ˸ŮԴӵǼҺֻоĲ
Щ˼


ĸĸһӦһַۣ׷Ц
׼ĸӦö롣
ɼϬ
ǰλԺ˼䣬һʺվλá
λСӵĽ̸϶ע⵽￴ĸʱ۵¶ůУֻļǹɲ𽥼Ӵ
ͷһȻ˺Ŀӣһ˲䣬ģζӡ
оֲ㣬Ƕٴ־Ť󶼵˵Ŀ顣
зȻõԤУڵ״̬Щ̫ԣ
ҹصϺһ˶ļ룬ԻԼԺϢ
ĸ͵ԷеĹ𻨾ƣЩɢؿϣѾ߲ЦɣǧƣصˣһЩ
￴Ưһϸɫ𻨵ľˮ¶ᡣ
䳤ɢ컵ЦһۣԼһ̺Ĵһڣ¶ʧı顣
ôˣ
תͷҰ죺ζ̫Ҳһڵ¾ƣԶȶʮĳҪζ
üչζܵҾ˵ңӦҾǳصĵݾҺ
һյеľˮһûٺȵ¡

87 ʧ
ȴ, ȵͷð, ѾµˮͻźѾ, ߡ
ƺԼһ, ǶС, ȷϾζȷʵû֮ǰȵǼǰǰǺ, ɻһ
, , ʺŮƷĹ𻨾ơ
֪ζʱҾ͸ֱӺˣҲɨˡĿſоҺζ˵
˵ζǲϲȣЩû, ҲѵķΧڡ
һ, ɢͷѬ, ͭǩŪϣģûζ, Ǿơ
̧ͷһ, ЦһҶԣƵľͷȴոպá
˵, еľζѹȥЩ, Сһ, ƽȴļ϶, ͷžյдƵСɹ𻨣һʼǳǳЦţ֮㿪ʼģڳ
ͻȻļžǻһֱڻŵĲͲãٴη͡
תƾǻеǹɬ˳ӿЦⲻ䣬ߣ˫ȱྐྵӱĵʲôأ
۽գգ񣺡شصһƯƣ;㷺
Ƴһۣƭӡ
һ£ǳǳͷЩ˼ֻ嵭İӾƣ֪ٺȼŻ΢ĳ̶ȡ
԰գ𴽽ǣ۵ӿζ⡣
ӽ˽˫Ⱥ£ɶΣȻѾʼϻڼ̽ƭˡ
һۣЩȤЦɴԼԼԲ´ӰεڣֻţҲˣ֪ʲôʱܹС
ӽƿ𻨾УƺƷĸЩżˡ
Ҳ˼οԵͺãҶ㼱ʲô
ӦһյССڵš
ȵһСִ꣬Ա߸˿±ҧڣѹѹľָԼһС
ۼֳȥһߺŹ𻨾ƣһطŴȻ˼֪ᵽȥǻеķûѹֵסֶеľյƽʲô
̧ۣʪ۾ؿһ⣬ˮ۵
塣
š
Щˡ
䣺
ң
סӣǲ⣺ҵʮңǰ߹أһ꣬ŻؼһΡû£ֻȥ߹ش꣬Ҳûң㡭
ż޽踮£ðԼ˵Ĺδš
ӵĻζΣӵһ¿޳
Ȼˡ
䣺
ЩƵһɢŵĳǰӿŮ𣬴̤ߵ󣬷ŵϡ
һ߽һߵ˺ˣޱޣǺ𣿸㶼㡭
ء
һҹһֱڵûΪֹ
Ѿ˯ȥŮӣЩ۵ӣǺñӣһԼԼˤشϡ
ﱻţü壬ȴûǰǾؿ
ò˵һĴ£ŲһԼϲӣ̲סһ̾
Ȼˣǻеֲȴû˿ɢĺۼΪΪҶòͣģԽˡ
ռң̲ס
Ѿ˲ĵز
Уֻһֱûзˡ
룬йΪҶԼݵء
̾Ϣһ۾
֪ڶ̬Щʧء
Ƕôޱˣޱڱ߹ʱͲᱻʦУΪͽܣֱʦӥ飬Ϊ졣
ֻ˳ǰǧĵ׻һЩɡ
ǵģ֪
ϲȻڻΪԼĸԶԶûжռ˵ϲͳԴף飬ܽܵ
̬һƽ
һ㣬ԼҲǲȷġ
ÿʣ齱ߣ棬͸ɴľⴰ£ɫ˼
ᣬԲʱ˼ǻҵģһߵľУԪۿߵԲ£ȴѹֲŭġ
ѽڣԲ
ԴһλʺˣµΨһӣҲѰ˸ɷϵ̫֮λֻ֮ÿѽڶˮ壬Ӻơ
ֱ꣬ȫУԽԽǼλʶֽţǳģδģϸТ˽Сֶȴһһס
ϸ¸ͼǱֱӷ˱˽Կ󣬶һһ꣬˽еⶼ˲٣Ÿʲô
췴أ
ʤĹڵأ۽ӿ
ϸ¾ͱԪ۷ʥּˣڱڸв̤һۼŽѽڣԪԾûӳμϯ˼ȻżȴΪȷԪŭûҲûҳ顣
뵽Ѿʱ䰲ֵַ͵ˣԪȴûŹ
ױʱǴһ觺Ķ׹ӣ׹ӻ֮ǰԪ״ģͱĿʺ֮λ
ñӿ˲϶ֺ͵λСǰ棬ж¶׹ӣԩ
Ԫüʾ⹬˽𣬳Ϊλɣȴ򣬷꣬дٱ飬´Σݶš
һͷνΪܵصģаҧ²㣬࣬ȴˮأл϶䡣
Ԫһֽۣתǰλϣǰڳԣһɺöӵģɫ˶СԼ֪֮ǰЩôصģ޶һֻ۱һֻۣһΡ
ڻӷ׷׳Ӧǡ
Ϲ˳ɣȴһ졣
ǽСɨɾ˼
Ѿߵڣǽеӵǽ˽ǲֻǽɢ
Щ붼֪ܣ
ֻܵȻȥԸֵµʱ䶼ЩҪٱ˾סСӣ˦ǰ
һٱڣʵѹֵµñϣԪ۴һɻӺ͹Ĺǽ֮ϣԺ̻ʢ
һ̻Իʹ֮ըһѤõľ޴̻֮ڿըеĴٹˡƽն׷̧ͷʹ
ϼϣϼ质סáʫʯϣһö±ͷʵѤ̻едʡ
һ紵ӣ͵͵ؿ
ϼæеĳϣӸպЩҪúñ壬ˡ
ϼӹŮˮССڵؽˮУֱѹ˺⡣
ֹסȰ뷨ǿ±ߵ̻Ը

88 װ
, ֱʹҲû̻, ǿ±ϵʫ, һ߻ڡ
һ, ʾ˻˵, ԼС, һһڵĽǿ鱻Ը±ʳ, ַЩˮ˳º, һ
԰׵ָỬֽŵĲԾּ֣һᱣغӵġҪţŵȴǻ, ȻܺǶˡ
Ⱥ, λõܵܿԪ, ǿԪʣµļλӣûܹе󺣳ѪǶš
ֻаǶԡ
϶Ե, , ˵˳ͻὫ轫뾩ǣʱǻ, Ǽȴǿеġ
ϼŴ, չ¶԰׵Ц, ָ⻮ֽϵʫ, Ц̫ˡǶѾˣ˵ҪȥԡǺÿԿļҵСѾͷĴġ
գһƬճ壬ٴοˡ
һҹļ仺ŷӦӦûϴ衣
һǱ߿ޱ߿ޣһֱû޶ѣⲻʲô
Ȱοǽͷûסһ͵͵İ.
ϣŴڵĶüչչЦ
ɢżĳʯɫ̻Уÿʣޱе˲佩ס
৵һ·±ӣҵķ˿򶨵΢Ц
ۣҲûоӦýԼС֣ǽӴս֣ոǻ룿
գ۾˺һŷӦνĻ˼ԭڱѾƵߺգֺ˲١
ҡͷԷĻ﹥ȥȴڸܵԼϵȺͻȻס
ָ̧֣Ķͷһ𣺡㷢ˡ
˻Щѣͷ˵ްЩûܹ㷢ȣ
ǿ۵αĹģԥһ£ǣ𣿡
ɫ࣬ãֱӱסͷĶͷӡһǡ
Ӳ˲Ŷµأס
ʱȴû̫࣬Ǻڸо
Сĸн̵ûȣʱϵĸо׼ϵĸоȴ׼ġӡȥоȣǷȣоް
ڣȷǷˡ
ʱҲȥҪϴˣæ£𱸵϶ģոȥĶˣ˶֪
ضżزԱߵĵһֱڿޣ˵ҪռңҸоίȥϿ˻£һСľ˯ˡ
ͳмЩƣƺί
ЩΡ
Ķ΢٣̧ʱ۵Ǹ⣺ЩǾƺ㶼ţ
۾գգЦһ£ȴûнҴĻԡ
ʱѾū澽ڴ밲
ȥүˡ
СѾһţæӦ˳ȥ
ˣϢԷѾ߱ԺʱĸǾţæֺͼѾһȥԷ
һԷң˵벡٣ȥֵǸӷҪ
СѣΪ٣Ǹöඪˡ
˭涨˻ٵģ˵ȷڵ״ȥˣһֵǸˡ
ǾӲԸƺ£ȻͨһˤȥڴϷôһ
ĸ¸ֶãܵҪƽʱ˵Ӷ治ɫĶӵײʲôģȻͿ̱ϱĻУأһģ
ĸ۾৵һ¾ͺˣ˵߿޺尡ôúõĲ˰ô
æߵλøţοģϾˡǾòʣͻȻŻῴڣ϶ⲻ󣬲µġ
㲻֪֮ǰеʱû
֪֪
ûö೤ʱ䣬ܿԵΡ
ûãСѾ߽ͨ˵´ˡ
װѾһշǰſڣ´
ȴڴʱ̧ͷ˵ޣȥС鷿ȵȣ
һ£ǣ֮ǰѾ´棬Ӧ޴󰭡
룬˵´ӱȽϼ⣬ϡ¡
һӾͺˡ
ЩεظڻЩճĵطҲ֪˶٣ղ𴲺Ѿȥù١
ȷʵ˳һǰ
ȵС鷿ȴϢ
ĸϽͷֻܽȥǣﻹء
ĸһѸתȥ鷿
ûһ´߽
ˣϷˡ
󣬼һ뿪ĸ㷢ֶӵ鶸Ȼþȡ
ַ֣ĸٿʱЩɣ´Ҷơ
ºܽҩݸҩַͯŵϣԼ£ЦԸпСãòᰡ
Σյ۾һȴޱȣȿȣǱˣһɲ׼ҿҩ
ĸ
ºЦһ˲ͽյ׹в
Ц⽩˽ִϣɫڣô᣿ҰѰӦҹܾȣЩŻķȡ
ĸɴ۾Щˣܾˣʲô
һͻȻ˹ǸѾͷǶܼʱʱ͸ñײˮ֪ˣûŻҡ
ĸ
¶Żӣ
ĿⰵʾԵؿС鷿ºܴɫǺܣΪηȻڣ
º̾ϢһݹȥһƵ񣺡ڰ̫֮࣬ǰΪᣬӺãûֳΪȶһˣҲǺ¡Ժȥҩ⣬ٸ㿪Щӵҩһ£Ϊҩɡ
ºܺݺݵɫΣգȴǾ񵽲С
ʱΪ֮ǰѸٱסĸҲӦæӿڣǸã´Ͽ쿪һҪİȫ
ⲡĻװģڵİһҪΡ
ºܿЦζ̿ڣϷ˰˵Ҳǲҩ֮ǰҲϲҩһֱѡٿˣһϳԡ
ĸʱ޶ۣҲЩŪǰ˫ɡ
Ӿģзɲ٣ű֤һύҶϱԣ´㲻ùܣֻܸ
⻰һ䣬ԭѾºܱ۰򣬿ʼвĿڵ䣬𽥷Żһڴϣ߽ԣ

89 ̽
ºܴϹЦ, ȥҩǰŵɪü
С鷿, ʾСѾߴϱīֽȥ͸´
ֹһȵ泹װ, СѾ߽׵, ´Ѿ뿪ˡ
, æ̧˳ȥ, һÿͿڴضĸ
ʱѾʼĽɫ١

ĸ̧ͷſ첽Ķϱ, Цް, ʱ鷳ˡ⺢ӴСͲϲҩ, ǰʱ廹²ٰˣǵó, ð
ͷ, ĸ棺ģϱÿտŷҩġ
ϵ˿ɲֹǳʱµİˣҲڲϻۡ
˵һʼΪȣ̫, һ˿, ôȷ´Ľ, ˿ɾѾֻʣµǡ
ĸı֤ɫɣ̲סȵ׶ϱ߶ŶʱΪӱܳҩµ¡
ȻأоԼһ
ĸתͷͼڴϣһͷԡʲôûģϵı鲻ɽ˽
ϱɻԼĸ˶ǣûпڲԼҶӣֱȻû£ұˡ
˵գŶӣҲúõӣҪ̫鷳֪𣿡
俴ĸһۣƺҪܾ֪Ϊֽ˻ȥףˡ
ĸżҩҪһʱ䣬ѾȥЩˮ͵ԡԼ䵹һˮԺִйҲҪˣƺûʲôӰ죬ᣬ֮ٿԻܵġ
еˮϸϸ˰Σһֻ̧꣬źѾߣüʵұҲ룬ǣĺ
ٕi£˿ΪβüҸȾ˲ĺΡ
ɵ۾̺Ĵ꣬벻Ϣĳӣǳ˷
ǾϢȵġ֡
ĿеĲյӹŵһߵСϣƽڣжģҪ
巴Բ˲ϢԽȣ³һƮַû
ǲ͵ˡ濴Ժǻ룬ֻǣõ˺塣
ѻһĳᶯԱ̽ȵָ⣬סԽỬ裬ָİʾԵؿӣ˵ģԺΪˣ㡣
һץסԼԽָ̧ͷüǳЦȷԡ
䴽ǲȴֲ֪뵽ʲôٴλ䡣
̧ʱǵЦȻƽȻΪŬر㣬ΪλһֱռңԼ̣ԽԽݣΪѪΪҪһֱҵĳ⡣

ͷԼԽ۰׵ֱ´ǣ˵ЩʲôѾ߽ĽŲֹͣүˣλСλүŴ˲ˣԺҪ̽
æڣǽɡ
򴽣۵׿һ˿İâȴͷѸ
Ϣʼÿ糿𴲣Ҫȥ䳡һֵֵܷġ
˽Ѿʼѵ˺ܾãۼҪѵˣûмӰ֮£ȥ
һʲ֪¡
λ޼᲻ݵĸײˣԺǱ߻Ѿ˴
һۣ۵׶һ˿Ǿš
λ׿ϴŵڣÿ䳡ѵˣھôˣ
˶ˣ
ѸٻصԵСԺȥϴ£ʰȥԷȥ̽
ԷôĶûöü踮֪ϢԴˣæµ϶Ц⣬ࡣ
踮ԣǶ
䵹£˵лλСӣλСףϲ޹Ҳĸʱ⸮л֪ʲôģ
质˸ϵԷʱ˪ѩҲոյִվһһȴԷӵͨϾ㶼ŵǺͲ
ûһӳλүСԺȥ
һԷ˱ŵһŨصĲҩζΧѾߺӵĵƺǸץҩСа塣
ҩ೤ʱãողϼʡ
ոհϣˮһ룬Ҳһӡ
Уȥϼػüҩϸˣʱ
ھ͹ȥˣүǱΡ
Ϊˣʵıʡ
úúãʲʡӷ𣬹ʿǸү

⻰бѾЩˡ
ȵң󣬿λɫ죬һ˼Ƚе˪͸Ե质һѬۿ
质ƽմ˹ŵģԸҲǱȽƫī͵ĸԣҲˣʫһϲŻǰӵԡ
һģ䣬͸ܲˡ
ʱλǽӻ踮ʱܹ治ɫִһնɱʮ̿ͣǺܳһʱֻҪͽסӲεĸףڴϣ
µٶ˪죺ףˡ
̧ۣʲôⲻǱɥרô
˪ҲʳףһҪŮԺҲˡ
ŲߣȻһծģòᶼɡ
质˪㣬ҲǱݣæοˣҲ̫ģǸֻЩȣ֮Խ쿴ôأΪǰµİ˱һ˳ܹô緢֣ҲǺ¡
质ڳȽϳȵǸֿڣףӽȥѧһ죬ڸ̼
质æᣬͷӦͣԶԶԣҲġ
ǣԴӱӻظУͺ꣬һ񣺡ǸоԼһܹˣˣϽȥѧðɣٵˣź˶࣬ҲǱź򡣡
˵꣬ϳĬһͣѧٹҲһ
质Ǻ质ɫ滺ͬʱмᶨһҪŬ飬һҪͨ˷ܲ׵Ρ
û̫ࡢֻǲǰư۵䣺
质ظףҲȥѧãҸ̼
ƲһۣҲ͵ȥĴȥ
质һתǶһŴԷҸոտˣԷеԺӺܿӸŵŪ
䵭һۣ
ѩҲڣŮΪ˵˵ͼаԣŮɹù˲ٵİԡ
Ȼһʼѧ˵ԵĿΪֺĸȻԴĸ׸Ҫ
˪Ĩᣬʵø˵ֻһͷ

90 
䣺
װزͷ˺ú, һĶʲô֡
ﲢ˽еСžţԱ߿ڸͣǸ, ԱߣǸ׵Ĳһõø죬̷ҩͽˡ
æͦš
䣺
ºܸһҩ, ޺ιҩģһȺСӹֵġ
֮û, 质Ǻ质ͱȥѧ, 质Ҳȥ䳡ȥȡԼĴ, ԷСԺ׼ߺ߹ٵˣ졣
˪ѩû뿪СǱ߽ҩ, ԭҪιʳҩ, ȴһѽӹ, һԿϷһۣһ¡
ιҩȤ, Ůιҩֲ
ź, һڴǰһΪɫؽŴɹùǱİԣһ۽ǳСҭ࣬ûһͽڴԭ˯ˡ
ƽ, ѩͣ˽, ˪ĳҲС
е˱, ˹СˣǸ׸ճҩƵС˯һҲȥЪϢЪϢЩʳǱߵĿҲ¡
˪ʱƽСҭĸףǹ𣿡
Цŵͷɣ˿ٹ
ǣĸס
˪ѩ뿪￴ڴϰȻ˯䣬ǰ´ͷһڵסԴĿĹߣ߳ޣԺͷ󺹵质͡
С꣬ʽһһնơ
Ϊ䣬质͵߱ҲʲôССͱܳδɺӢˡ
վԱ߾ؿһֱ质Ϊƣ¶վԭغشϢСѾߵ²裺͸ⶼã˱ЪϢһ¡
质һߴڴڴһ̧ѯʣĸף׿˯ˣ
ոճԹҩ󣬱Ѿ˯ˡ
ǺãЪϢͶɱ
ﻹȰɫִţҲûſڡ
ڽ֮ǰҲ˵ڰʱ˵үڷܣЪϢӲи
ֻԱԹС칦򣬾Ͳɸп治ס
ҲǽͻȻŵ⼸ˡ
˼һ￴质Ųյ̧ͷĬĬ죬ʱַ²յһ˿ض
ֿһת뿪
ֻڷԸĲ˵ʱóЩ嵭࣬Ϊ͸ԸЩʳ͹೤೤⣬ܲ⼸һյۡ
һ˯úܳ
ڼ质ͽִͷûзӦ
ȷڳԹҩûãϱ㿪ʼϸ˽µ֢״ָҪºܴٽйһء
ֱǰһֱ˯ŵٴ˫ۣת
ڴϿʯɫĴﷴӦһŻڵ״糿йһ׼װһء
ȴûй̫磬Ĳˡ
˵ºܸǸѻ졣
ǰ˵ȥὫڵİһ˳
Ź˶ãӦ顣
һ˯ȫͷۣճһĺˮܵý
౻ȫĴʣԱ߿ϲ˹ÿʣḧͷ̣ȱųȥΪɵ»ϡ
俴ＱҴ¹ߵıӰԭҪϽǿйȥ뷨ֻ˻
ҲգйҲйˣȻһȺʶȤСӰ£оҲǰ⡣
Ϊȡɾ㣬˴Сȡһֱŵˮ򵥵ز˸
Դȫ̴󷽷չʾһϺףȴȫ޺ڡ
ȨԼ廨һ㣬ûкϰ֡
䣺
㡭
ǿˣ̧ͷģתΪ׼õˮôĺųأϽЩ
Ұ죺ðɣҲȷʵǿˡ
Ҳգʱƽϡ
Ժ˵
ʱ质ûлȥֱӺƤԷõʳ
һٷ䣬质ͼŴ⡢ͷ׷
ȴֻܳԵ嵭࣬ʳ֮Ҳ˼ӣһˮĿζǿʳ黹Щģ԰ʹ졣
һٷ꣬质ŶƤ˼ӴһСĳԵñȸ׶ˣӹҪˣģԺһܱ
ûǵɪӸ֣䳡ʦȥС첲СȣĸӶҪң
质ԼѾرȽϽʵĸ첲Щĸ׵ֽ£ĿڵвŮӲĸױȣֻҪܴſ¸ףɱĿˡ
ҪΪû֮ǰ䳡͵͵ȡСľҪ飬Ҳǳ˺üβġ
Ȼ׵ûĸ״ôȻҪΪԼһôСĿꡣ
ţСĿͶΪĸ׾С
ıˣɵץ㣬ɱϵ߲ˣʵĿ꣬ɾͶ˶ˡ
ܣ质ͲŸǴʮſʼתͶ䣬ӶѾ߰ͿʼģôҲʤ
Ŷθʵڲô֮󣬾ͷ꣬޳̧㣡
质ͣ
Ȼ˵ףĻ̬ȣǺû
磬ܾ质Ժ赶Ľ飬ִŵĿ£ӲԼҩȥŽ˸ϻ䳡
ȵڻָŰϣϸСѾǽϱ˯ʪıóȥɹµģôһĲ죬ֱؿ
һʼûע⵽ֻǹעǱߵʰȲߺ󣬲ɻôˣ
iüִŵؿ֮ǰû̸Ļ⣬̸̸
ͷһ£红ǹǰ˶ʲô⡣
ʱѾѾϵıϣ£֣ǰϣޣռңΪԴӼ踮˿Լи飿
˵ŮӼҺ󣬶𽥽ķŵɷͷϣûУԴӼҺ󣬽ԭȽϲС˫°͸ֱӶûˡ
룬Ϊ˶ǰԼܽϣʣµļӣĸҪȥչ˵ģܼС
ʼնռң̬ûת
ﶯ˶ǣ˵ǡ
С㽫ֵú壬Դ飬Դֹ˵֮ǰֻΪ侲Խѹĵףǵ֪Լóˣǵ֪Լ֮Ӧٻҡ
ȴδ뵽ڱѾε㹻۴ﻹж϶ȴ֮ǰһֱҲδس

91 
Ҳûк, ﴹش𣬡, ԴӼ踮Ժ󣬳˻ţûٻعҡ
Ҫû˵ĸճ޼µĹͿžܵġ
ԭȴܳǰ, Ѱȥæɴһ˼֮飬ȴպÿ÷뷨
ȴĻѻƪ, ֻʵ̫, ٹһ֮ܳǰ, Ǿͻȥһ졣
æףϵЦⶼûס˼֣лѷ
ԭƻŵģ·Ҳǿĵý
俴ϲɫ, , ûס, ץס־͵ߡһڡ
С̫ˣؿڡ
˼, ΢й, ȴԼеķû֡
˵ףֱҲûãǷӦ˺֮ǰԼ¶Լķ
ֻ̾Ϣһ, һ߶۰׵ָϸĦ, һпСûĵġ
ﾲĬ
֪, ˵˵ָ
ǣǳ粵ģء
̧ͷ۵ֱЦλۣĵĻǱһЩΪһЩ˼ԡ
ģϵĲԼ̺һ˲ںߵĴ
ȻϸһƷֻǲɫ
һ£ףģһһЩԺٸһˣͣһ¡
˵գָʾԵػ䡣
䣺
һµҩһҲͣҪ御ã岻Ǳͣһ¡
º͵ָڷĦ
䣺
۵¶ЩΣչâӣ䲻ϸϸ΢΢
ޡ繡
ﳷָȻһ㻹ҪԵΪȽһµķ¡
ʧڣΪΣ
´дҩѾ߻ԸģΪӦýҽ
䣺º˵͵͵
ֵ꣬ɴ۾ܳ
ĹעЩϣĵģ
￴ǱģüչչЦ
壬Ҫԡ
Ȱʱǰȥʱתͷѯʣλأ
ɹͷūصشˣүԺ󣬰ҹ˴ȥʰ˶˻ظӴˡ
ūԣ뿪踮ΧɡûʲôĶǵĸŴ󻧣һҪȥĵص϶踮
Ҫڴ˼Ѿߣһ㶼ѡһЩֽɡ㾻ûܽʡʳġ
ѾչĹԲģԼԼȫ֮ǰҪȥһ˼ҹƻȽѡ
Ȼһ㣬Ҳ֪ȻѾڸˣǽ㿴Լĸ˰ɡ
ɹˣūһʱˣûп͸ģã𷣡
ɱֻ̫ռǱ¼򵥣踮ΪΨһѾߵĶݣû˻ΪѣŽĲǿ
һϸ룬֮ǰദʱʵкܶۼѰ
￴ģü̾ϢҪףڸеĶһ˫н㣬Ҳ㣬ŷı֮Ҫѧ˫ۡ
ǣˡūԺһǡ
һ£Ӳڴ죬ֱ죬ϵ¶Ȳ£ֱĸڴϢ󣬲ȥֵî
ֻǼˣҲûӵҩӰ
ÿ磬յίе质ͣͻϸϸոհõҩȥֵĵطֵݸɸɾº󣬲Ż뿪
һڼ䣬ÿĲҩȥصԷ󣬻ҽҪ£оԼ۾ҪŹˡ
ѲҩУºǸӹҽ˲׳ҩ
䣺Ӹ
ũ³ţڡ
һ磬𴲣ȥСһ
ȻѾΪһˣҲĸһ㾴أȻ˱ˡ
ռʱÿͼʱĸΪһ
ũ³ţ质ǵգҲԴ踮Ժ󣬵һյŮ
ʱѾ⣬ÿպǵԺ밲ʱ䣬Ѿһʼռ޽һΣڵһһΣĸҲӦÿ糿к˵˵ӡ
ʱ质ǵǰ档
质ҿ˿ֻǶһݣЩ֣ףĸףǣ
Цգ˵糿Ҫģĸ׸ģ
Ƴ质ǰһۣŲĿ⣺ôˣӹúͿͿģԼն˰ɡ
质һ£˵Լղһ죬ϷӦ֮ǰ̸˵֮ǰ˭Դǵݱô֮ǷıʣͱҪǵݻȥ
Ȼ³ţǵա
ͷ¿ǰ棬Ȼӿһů
ѾԼжûйˡ
Դ꣬ͱĸ󣬱Ҳûйա
żҲӿ쵽ʱ𣬵ʱ׬ȡͭ涼򲻵ǳһ档
֮踮˵ǵѧҵȽϹģҲȱԴǮϾæִйżʱҲǴˣǼŮҲԼȥǰص˵
ĸ֮ǰǾ͸Į״̬ܶԸܡ
˵棬Щյĵһ棬ڵģůθ
лĸס
չЦȻǽһĸףǱӦõġ
Աߵ质ˢˢ质ǰ뿴ȥĬĬžԼջжá
Աߣһ£ֲɫ𣬲ۡ
ѾȥʼˣΪβ˳һ룿
˭涨ǳʱ˲Ժһˣǡ
Ź󣬰չأóһԵƬ⣬СڶͷϣףԸŮǰ½Ըߣÿ˷һװǵңһʺǹǸˣǸѡһʽʵϻϡ
;ջᣬص˶ջ͵˳ѡľտԭȥǸߣСܸϲЩԼѡȥջᣬ֮ȥڵĵǸһ⣬ǸߣǱȥѰɽȥһ
质˶һۣݡ
ڵǸߣԭνģԴǰǴεָɽǸߣ²ȥ۵˰ǾͶŵǸɽЩ
质һȱ̬ұڳпջȣ֮ȥǸɡ
˪ҲſڣҡҲǡ
ѩϴλӲ֫˺öָɽ֮УҲͷ顣

92 Ҫ
ĸ, ȻҲԵǸ߲뷨ۣյԼӵ԰ʾ
Ҳ˵Ǳüȥջ, ȽźõģȥǸߡ
ĸڣ֮ǰЩԥ质Ǻ质Ҳپ, ֱӵͷӦ˽г̡
оЩԡ
ԭȻΪҲһеǸߵ뷨, һʼΪ质Ϳ϶
ȴû뵽һͨȻֻʣˣ
Ҫ
Ҫ˰ɡ䵱, δ֮
һ£һ˼, ҲûٳԸı⣬档
ֻǵȴӳԺ, ûסѯʣΪһҪȥǸߣֻδ̫壬ʹһ𲻺𣿡
ȴЦҫĿ˶಻, ȻΪȥطǳȤ
ʲôطҲɽ
ȷʵɽͨɽ, 氵ؾϲ
գգ, Ѿƿ, , ҲûϸʣֻǵҲգҲ滮ˣһȥҲ޷
ͲͷЦüۼŕiĻ˷顣
˴γеĳԱһְ׼
˳ԺֻԷʹѾӣ˸ѵȺɻСǻţͼʻȥ
ȳֻʣǷ޶ˣż֮ǰɻʳڣɽϵкǺ־ϲ
佫ϥͷ˹ȥİ棬˷ܵȥ֮ǰµһȪСɽ

˿ǸҪԷɽ·һȪļ䣬һĭԿڣ壬´˵һڣ㲻з¡
뱻ڻڴֱºܣЦԽ£ʲôأΪˣ˷ȥΪɽǱµģǸʱú˼ΪڵǵɽһȺʱܺú裬ⷦ㲻Ҫ롣

һ£׻ǵ˵ͷ˵ԼĺѲȥ롣
һ˵ִµСɽط֣ɽ²֪ʱһլԺΪʱԭδɣС仹ǽ˵ġ
ûѾڸ䣬סɽ¸·ҪڣֹԱ룬Լ׼õ·ʳһ뱳ڱϣǣҪɽߡ
ɵ֣塭
ͷЦΪ֪㲻ҪϹ롣
ƽʱʱЦݶ˹˹ĵģiȴȣЦʱ˷½ģҲһļ档
һ˿̣֪ڵЦݺֻܿ½ĵļ棬Ļǲɶһ¡
ȥһɽȴֻôȥϹ룿
㿴Цԣֻ͹ˣѾǵ̫ʱñЪǺȣ֮ľ͸ˣʲôӦģ
˵գǳЦ
Ц˹ģжȣȫڴκ뷨ģ

գǱȫЦݸѣլԺȻʱѾ뿪լԺһС·̡
ˣ塭
䱳ɽ˿Ѿͷٴ˹ǳЦޣôˣ
û
ˣһ·δͣЪʱ仹û磬Ѿ쵽ɽ
俴ɫͽѡһͤ£װʳǸȡ˳ͤϵʯڷźãЩɣôʱöˡ
￴˿ɫڻ᲻̫磿
޳ָһУ˹˹ǳЦˣһɾôͤˡ
Ҳһ㣬߳Աߵ壬ҷʱЦʱ˹˹ĵģڼʱȫһ
۽޲˲̧Цϲһ֡
Ϊһ£ǳԻش𣺡ֶϲ
ڼǱƦˡ
òȻһΪ䣬Ҳ̸ϸϲһ
䴹ֵݹȥһǧֱóԣЩ
￴öͷСֱЦһȥ͸ñˡ
ֽˮҸŵһߣЦ˹Һƣû¶ԱЩá
ȵȫԱŽѾˮ˲ĳʳ´ãϣֽס֣ɽ߰ɣžǸߣǾɽȥ
һɣĵԼ֮ǰӦˡ
ɽʣµһСξ룬ҲſЦҲãǿЩ
˵ţͷ˽յ֣оץЩ
ɽֽɽͻȻͷֵ֪ܵ
һҡͷ֪
ΪɽϿʱǶϵһš֮⣬һ֣ɽ˵ÿϦʱϵžͻϵȵΪһ塣ǰׯһλŮɽ
佲ιʱͳᣬ൱ʤûһسУҪֳ¡
ȹ½꣬Ҳɽ
ﻷĿ侰ɽµỊ̇ԼɽʱڿССլԺ̲סȸԾ
佻յ֣ϲ쿴Ҵﶼܿˣһֱ˵λ˭ƾЩߡ
佫ڻУͷ̽ͷƣһСѾͷ۹⵹ǲ
Ҳ£ô˵˵
ȴûĺģּɽ·ߣЩΪϸ˵
ߵĵطһƬǳïʢϸҶĲݴԣȵ߽һŷˑݡ
ˑһˮߣĪǡ
棬ˑݴԣʱͿһ׼СȪӣˮϻƮһ޵ˮ翶컡
һӾͺˣ¶죿
佫Ȫӱ߲֪ʱ˰ڷŵľϣֽһļɵǰܹؼطסˡ
ŵĪ£ɽԴԴӰǰͿʼɽ峡壬ɽƬҲ桢ߣɽһĻ˶ûУңɽΪţް
Ŀɵ䵽ϣ˵ֻȪĻĴʽȷʵס
ǣôǰ½峡ֻΪȪ
ǰֱֱְ⿪˹ǳЦޣ㲻Ҫ롣
ﲻһԥȻϵѱȫ⿪
رΪŵһϣ½Լϵ˸ɾﶯЦһ£Ϊźź˰ɡ

93 
æҡͷ, ѱ·ѹ˶ǣûԼûôĻ˵ڡ
ԥһ, ǽϵ½ѵЬ̤࣬Ȫڡ
վȪ, ˮӰ, ۵׿һ˿â
վ֩ȴѾõ֩룬ĵƼ
Щ
ӲȻز˲࣬Ƿ޶Ȼ½еĴ, 󶼶ҹ䣬ڻ谵Ĵڡ
֮ǰ踮СׯеȪ, Ҳʵ£, ¶쳡µʱ
ϱѬһ˵ǳۣº͵ӦĴÿٷʳ˲١
תԱȡһ޲, һףϣûƭңҲ
ץס˳ˮ޲һ£ķ, ȻҪȪ, Ϊβֱȥ֮ǰСׯ
ȻΪ˶, 㺦߰
ţ
о, ǳЦתرסǰӨѩŮӣؿסͷľУޣΪ֪Һá
һ˵ţϿԽԽԼ˽ơ
ʲô
ѩȴǸΪˣǶΪãʲô
䵽ϺͲϣ϶Ѹ٣ûһͽϽʣĲϲһԵİߡ
ǣ´򡭡
´ǿأôҺȵҩмôɽǣ
ɽǣ
ɽǿӵ׳ҩָͬôಹҩԾҪƻǷ޵гءΪãҿɲĵ
ԭ𽥷ɣϸ棿
뵱棡
԰գ⧲Ϊһ壬ѸٵؽְԼϣĴݰԼţޣ졭

һջơ
ǴɽȪԸƻһա
֮һΪȹڣ֮ؽĺᱧ𣬽һָʹСĵĲؼ䣬Ǳɽ紵塣
ʱʶѵģ˻ƣԼߡ
˹һЦˣСأΪܱʮء
԰գûסͷĶϸ£űŰɽ·Ӷȥ
һܣһ߲ʱͷߺͣ²ɵޣҪǱܱһΣ

һӾͱŵѹšһ£֣ܡ
˲ҲմȾζĲУ˵ġ
ֻҪһ»Ͱյز㽫ͷУУ￴Щ
ȥСӡ˵һԵá
Уܡ
俴¶̺ɿʵ򴽰꣬ǰһ˿âϧ̾һǽ˰ա
ʲôнˣÿ춼ˡ
µɽʱɫѾ
ҪͷСһĽڣɺȥ˺Ļϡ֮һǰһУNNNN̤᫵ɽ·ϣͼиϡ
ڲͣһζУŻԴԱߵһѽ뻳С
תͷʲô
Գһ죬ֱӽУ뱧㣬
Щڵ£̾ϢһͷƣᲢݵ٣Լϡ

һ£ͻȻЩҶˣ˻壬
ͷ룬Ƕºӹҽ̫ɽǡ
԰գֳĹ򣬰һп㡣

橹ʱɫѾȫ
ֻ֪λȥ˳֮ǰһɽͷǸߣ֪˾ʲô
ֻиƼϾΥ㴺ɫūͣһЩ󵨲²⡣
գʱֻûʹöڵЩˡ
ͷߣձڵøƸ䣬Ѿȥ䳡塣
֮ȫͬ
һ˺ֵ龰ｫͷڱС
ʵ֤죬ƭ˵Ĺ
ʲôһͺֻǽȥһԲ֮Ļһȫǻѻ
ˣһֱͣͣؽͼǣֱｫ򶼿гѪ˲й
ӽԺҲЩҪĹ
ǰƣԺôܲ룿
ʱﶼλ׵´Թ⵽ǿأǿ
ǲû
ڴһǿؽͷ̽죬
ûһѾǴˮε˽
һ߰һЦոմī˶
һ֮ǰĻ֬顢֬ΣĿڣǺ
ǧͷɻޢ֬
Ȼ֮ǰɽȪʱ佫ͷУ˵Ƥȱ˵˵㣬ָ˲֬ʲôζġ
ū澻ûŹī˵ƺţ͸ʽɣӦǻĻζ
ֱ꣬ȥͭǰױƿԽϴЩĴɹӴ򿪡ĶһŵζɢǼϸϸᣬζΪζΪ
ˣֻΪ⻨ζȽ벻ζ
ɳһûкԾͺãȻǾԲõġ
һζ˵һζҪ˵ǰ
*
ȥ󲻾ãռʳ׵ӱǰ
ʳǰĵ죬ĸ˵ȥռҡ
ǰռҵ·ϣһֱȸԾ
ԱߵҲ㡣
˷ܵпū澶þûͳˣ帣ϲ壬ūˡ
Ҳ΢߬ȭͷɫǼǾƽ٣Ҳǡ
ڲ
ʱҲע⵽æסı۰򣬿ڵڿҪúɡϴڷϷ˼ʱū澿Ϸ˵ģͶôǲ踮̫̫Ҳڣ͸ȥˣȥӲ⡣
Աճʱģھͦࡣ
ԭļʱûôע⣬ˣɷռҴһͷЩز˲١
ĬĬԼѾпһЩû⡣
һĹ
ۿѾԭȵ˶ٲϵڲǺݵ⣬תпɻʲôʰԣ
ɣˣӱܲܽ⡣

94 
Ǳ˵Ϊ̫Ҫ, ȴһֱû, Щǳ, 費˼, 㣬ĸһùҡ
ɣܣܣ
, ռϷ˲ϸۡ
ֻ˵, ʱȥãﶼġ
ûã踮͵ִռСһÿ, Ϳȵոſڵĸ
һǰϤһһľۿ̲סᡣ
ϴλصռʱ»ʱʱʱ䲻, д, תѾ¹ȥ, оԼδ뿪ôù

ɷԾҪ˷ܵ˵ĸ, ͱĸһڱϣѾͷôݳ⸱ģ, ֪𣿡

ɫԼС, ֿ󼸸Ѿǵϸ, ⣺࣬ģ⡣
ң⻹ʣ²١
ĸ£Ȼۿ৵һ¶ˣⶼǰٶˣ޵Һ󵽵׵˶ٽϴҾ˵˵⺢ôôʡġ
￴ĸԽ˵ԽæŽ븮ڣûûУǻǻؼ˵
ɲ˵ˣٶ˵䣬ĸ͸Ŀ޳ˡ
ߵһ·̻壬ĸҲƽ
￴ϡؿżõһЩҲ𼸷л
ЩΪʸײɹģպ갸ĻҲء
ÿĿĶϲ˿űá

Ժĸסֿѯʣ˵ɣ踮Ǳ߹ò⣿ĸ۸ˣŮ㲻ãٻЩӼŮڸʲô˼
ĸһ˵һ߷ߺޣ·ĸ˶Ůס
ĬĬ
Щ²ȷʵǽеѡ
Ƕԣȴá
ƽĶۣ踮ӹúܲ˷öЩҲûʲôġ
Ƿһ㣬űԹԹˣĸ׾͸˵ΪԺտҲٽ˻㣬࣬ôԺء
գգۣĸŮҵûʲôáֻŮһֱЩ˼ǰˡ
ĸšüңѾͷһĿ֣ܶ˼ʲôۼҪϹˣҲжż

ɺݺݵͷ˽ģԶĸס
۽ĸһŮǿͬ˶ѾˣԼһûϣЩˡ
ĸȴ̧־Ҫųװ꣬ʲôҿһĻûء
˵գŮ֣ĳǰﶼƹˣ϶û⣬ҩ֮һҪϹԡĸˣ
ҡͷĸδŮֻ֮ǰͻϣǰʶѾˡ
ֻǴͻԶԶһ棬δй̸
Ҳһ䣬˹ϵҲãʱ
ĸȻҲλ˻ܵŮ䳰ȷİЩӡ󣬲ƲƲ죺ôĶĶ¡𼱣ĵĻͽдΪѰӡ
԰գóӳȥ
￴ĸѾЪҪ˼ɫһ
ĸƽʱ𻹺ãһǼֱˣ
ǽȥ
ڣá
ѾˣĸֵҾ˵СʱҪƤܵˮ㣬ģ·ŪʪˡۼǸʱ˵㣬ҲûľӱȥŪԵĵزţܻ֮ܵȥǸȥȥ
ȻʱԼĻ֮λܸܵ
ܺͶܺθɣǸʱҲԼ㡭
ҲûоΪ˵ܵܵΣԴȥԺһֽŷ䣬ָھǸʱµĲ˵ǰ˶ҩŵã
ĸԽ˵Խ˳ĴԴֱò࣬ǰ潫ĸãôܺͶܵ汻꼰㡣
λֻˣûôܡܼ˼
ûһͱˣλסռҸĿڼҡ
ѹźЦ޴󰭣ֻŮԵδѡ
ĸɳһȴ￪ڣǱ鷳ĸҲƣҲڼУǹġ
ĸһۣûûʹģʲôòģ鷳˼ҿ򡣡
ѽŮѵûؼһˣ㵱ǰŮҲá
ҲЦûֻǰѰѣֲʲô򡣡
ĸǺԸⱻܾÿΰ֮󣬴򶼻˵岻⣬һҩ˲٣ȳҲһܼЧ
رʹˣЩ˲ҲףķѵʱǮȴ٣ҪæŸȢϱûʱϢ
Ů׻һˣҲԸŮĺ⣬ͷӦ£ֻϻǵһֱӣҶЩ˲㲻õʲô
ָĸϣָᶯüšϷǾļ£Ļ̣ʧ߶Σ
￴ĸĸЩ˼һЩ
״زܵ
һۺ룺صǲأ̴ֻ٣״Ӧǳͦʱ䡣ټ̫ۡӦΪãȥ岢޺ô
æڣǱ鷳򿪸ҩɣɣͳȥץҩ
˼ȥˣǣˡ
ȿ뿪ﻷĸ˵ңŮһⶼޣ㵹ǰԼ۲ˣѵŮһˣɻʲôûŪģһһۡ
踮ڼҡ
ѵڼһˣȴܻҡ
絽䳡ȥ质Ǹһ¿ҩ֭ӵĴСдһ٣质͸д衱ſڵ
ֽ质Ǻ质е鷿пУѧʣӾʷӼʵ伮踮λԭԼѧΪŵӣЩͷɥ
λУ质͵״Щܹѧģͬ佫ʵ˽⣬ſ䳡ϲܶҲֻھɥһӣ۳ġ
质Ǻ质Щܲˡ
ǽܲԼŬѧϰ˺ü꣬ûһ佫׻ʵ֪ʶԨʵ
俴űʵһɫλӣŶЦΪǶԼ̫áԸԸѧϰϣǷӺռҾ˾Ѿ׼˲٣ڻûг͸ֻ˵ûµңʵԸڷһЩ
质质˲ͷ
质˶ǣףǺ԰ÿ糿ʱ䣬𣿡
ЦƳһۣΪоԱ߱䣬ѷʱ飬˼άЩȻǸҲһ
质
质ǣף֪ˡ

95 
ӣ俴ɫ, ʱҲ, , ȡ飺໥, Ժ͸ԣһͨΪӵϢΪְܻ, 뿪ͼǣûп, ٿԺ͸ʱԼһ˻ͼˡ
质Ǻ质ɫһ࣬æ񣺡֪ˡ
ֱ뿪质Ǻ质˲׽鲻ã
ҲӦĸ׻Ұæڸϡ

Ϲ˵, Ǹ׵ʱ顣
˵գ质ǽϵ质һ˱ϰ׼ȥſ
֮ʣַһҳ, Ծּ, ɵգգۣǸʱѧᡭ
质Ҳŷһ飺עӵıʼǱ仯, Ӧÿһʱ䶼йӡǸǰЩ겻ڱ߹سʱѧϰ
质ǿһۣΪڱ߹ʱһߴ, һѧϰɡ
Ȼ, ܹƾһȥ˱߹, ûмʹ¹, ֵڹٵĴ¼
⣬Ҫ
ȻǸڱ߹ʱһѧϰһ䣬Ҳûʲô޷ܵˡ
ԣǾ븸ʱԶӡ
质Լʮ꣬׵ǰ߹ʱҲʮ֮꣬Ŭ̶ȴر
质Ҳ뵽һ㣺ĪǸ׵ѧʶڱ߹ʱϰģ
ĻȷʵøŬһЩ
ȻˣǵҲøɢи
ʳ²ʱܹܶ顢ƴùĻ桭
ᣬ质Ǻ质ѾԲͬ޵ļˣǱǼڱ߹ʱʦѹѧϰǶ˦Ӻ󣬾ȥǣ̤ȥո
任һ޵筺ɫѩƽۣīɫi˲
ڳнֵ֪λ˲Сϱۣ͵˶ٴġ
·ϸճߵϴϵոʱﻹû
ŷͨһ㱻ȥǰԺĻ
ۼڽֵܶڼУûһ˱ҴҸע⵽ǰķӦǶŷ
򡣡
һСλռҶ֣æӦ
ڹΪӴ㣿ܸߡ
ȷʵڼҲ£һ·ˡֹ˹ģЦţ˻ỳ˵Ǽٻ
ոմҲ˵ɫˣһҲóˣԵһ¡
ȻһȣСʱ
ɫҪ谵żĸӶŷڵ˳
Ŀⲻɫĸ֣Լ۵ɣ
ĸ߽ˣżλռҶһӭȥСĸ밲
ĸæ֣Ӵ尡õˣɵѾͷҪҽǵӶ꣬˵©ǰҴæ
ܹﵽĸãЦ֮ǰڼҲĸʹµ׼Сĸױһֱ˼˵졣С˵һˣα⡣
ĸһɣЦҲü֣Ů׼Ұݣ˵г޵ŮҵģѾͷǷֲء
˵ջ᲻صһ¡
Цĸ߲ز˲䣬Ҳ֨
俴Ӱ۵͸żͰݣĸˣСУǧãǧҪ
֪ĸǰĸ׷ҵҲϵ̧չһЦ
Ϊĸ߱ȽϷɵԵʣʱ۵׵Цģżů⡣
彩һ£ֻһ˲䣬鼱ٿҪֱֱԾؿڡ
ĨֻΪĸ˳ϼ񣬲ûо˿񣬷СǴ˼Ѫһ㣬ֹ
룬һʼ˼Ǵġ
ϲһˣôܻԷԼʱĿ⣿
ܡܡܣǽˣ£ǵ踮Ѱҡ
ʱλܵһһ
˿Ŀᣬ￴չһЦ
Ų.ӣǰбߣպôһСռֵܵߡ
ȻֻôһСůڵʱԼÿһë׶Ȫˮһ㣬ˬúðݡ
վʵϻûйĳһ˲䣬оʾȥһˬ졣
ռ˸һ踮뿪ס֣ͻޡ
ԶĵطŲŲô
ȻϴʱϵĻĵһ·Ϊڻ˲ٵӰ
ʱٴοٴλָģǿռǰ㣬ů㺡
һӳ̧ḧ˸üۣ㵹һǡ顣
ﲢ֪⻰ʲô˼ֻ̾Ӧûʲôɫɫ˼Ҳͷ˽壬Цһ㲻֪𣿷㵱ʱΪλҶף
䣺
ƳһۣоԼؿںһ
⻰ֲδ˵
ֻͲѵǣڱЩˡ
üĦϸ۵׵α̾һȻȥΪΪѡһü졣úò۾һߵĺˡ
䣬˰ȷ⣬ƾλСǣͲòԼģ
һ˲䣬֮ǰļһֱģ뷨ڿʼ͡
ｫִԼü£ü첻ܻͺü
䣺ü۾
üëûˣ۾
䣺
ص踮䵽ûһü죬ڼŸһӸԭ轡
ʲô￴һɫȺĸԭ轣ɵⶫӦȥ𣿡
һԴⶫˮȣΡΣ㲻һֽźϴһźȣá
ȵöˣ۾ˣҲܹϿ췢µĺô
ƶǶȻ˵ˣҲŲɡ
պˣֽŶǺѾ߽еĲҶ󲿷ֶֻΪһ֣ͺˮ
󣬱ԭշԤʱ£ҴôؼռҼš
ŮϯϣĸһͣĸϵϲеһʯͷҲ˵ء
ܹǳɹȢˣӦǲٳˡ
λϱİģؽڶϱ³ﱸϣĸҲЩۣɲ١
ǰԺʼ־ʱСѾ·踮ʱλСѾͷϲվڷź
æ̫̫밲
ϵķŸͷͷ̧̧㡣

96 
Ѿݹ, ֱһ, ֮ǰǰˡ
΢΢, Цö, 滹, ƴܻõһŻұ˵˵
ʱϲﻹվһԿţҲʱ¹ظͳʳֻǵһɻܵˣ
ףǡھ, ̫䣬үҲշԱϣָŸͷ﷽, ֮ǰлչ, ġ
֮ǰ״, ԼҲ
Ӧǰ踮һ, ;ٴγʲôص, ɴûִܹ踮ʳ鳹̸һٻɴ·ʧԼһ޷Уô׮Ƿܳɣδ֪
ÿÿ˼, Եĸлʱɳڷ븮Ű
ݸм, ˳ɻ, ɹ˷ǸӺ󣬴ﵽ˶塣
֮ǰǷһлȵ˵ʵ֮ǰв㡣
֣Ҳڰ㣬ڰҴܰˡΪҵԼ·ٷص⣬ʱܵĻȻѾɾԵҵȻϣܹͺͷϡ
糺죬ֻ̺ͷ£δƼģ֮Իúùӡ
ȻȢܹõǺܶ࣬ȴ㾡֮ܡ
ֻ޺ƽ˳
ϲеβ뿪ոʱĸϵϲԴŮ㲻ᣬһ֣߬һСڳײŰ֮꣬ǰҲҴȷʵûʲô¶ǧҪ͵͵ҩ֪һӳԻˣڶ
ףŮõġȻԵδŮžǡ
ĸ˵ҲǣϾŮ׾Ȼʮ࣬ʱֻһؿοĸû
ҡͷαӣȴûôߣֻ˵һˡ
ʵϣĸԸ񣬾൱ί
һ㣬ת⣬һ
ʵûС
ڲֻǰ꣬һ궼δУʱŻż
ңܿ϶Լû⣬Ҳ˸ǷгǱûʲôɵĵˡ
ĸףֲĵض䣬ؿѾת뿪
þãдһ̾Ϣ
̤ոţͿոȴ䡣
䣬βδһɫкãѯʣո뿪ǰĸ˵ʲô
ԼƼĸƺЩǡ
Ҳδĸ׼ôöûӣҳҩӣһ
һ㣬Ҳ֪
֪ϴλոʱΪݶ˹ĸ˻רΪѰ˸ֻǲδʲôˡ
ְԼ䣬ջͳҪôʲôٹһӣ
ЩɵؿڣѾˣѾʮ࣬ŮӣٶѾһеģܶˡ
̾Ϣһַ£Щ㬡
Ƕڴ𽥺гʳ֪ζĿθʱΡ
ڼѾծʱٶһֻҪһкԼҪһ꣬Ϳʼ㡣
ֻ¹ãҲ뷨ûٶ˵ʲô
ǱɣҪִй񣬿ҪȵǰŻ佫ͷϣꡣ

ֵɣǴ̬ƳЩ¡
봹ָĦǱЩǵ˵ģˣǾһ¡
Ѹץס֣ͫ΢
ֶ˶٣̧һЦԵ߾ȫ
ץס
ϲ߾ȫ
һΣϹƼ
գٴڴѹʱѾˡ
үҹѾ뿪ūǲҪѷˡ̸
½Ķһ٣Ϊүİдϣ
˷ģĸүˣδװ뿪
ɳһһֱĶˣܲס
ԭΪ׼ȴ޶ĸѣŽ
֮һʱ䣬еӲڣԽ
ռҴܵĻ°ûãռҶ갵£λòڴľ˼ҹ
Ҫ质Ǻ质һμԣˣĸѰ˼һӶ¼䡣
ȵ˲μԺٳס
֮һܵԣȥμӸԣҲûʲô
飬Ҳæֻʱڼд켴ɡ
ִйĸڼᣬøݣдŹο
Դˣֻ˵ůУһֽţһߺЦš
룬бҪ䲻ڼҵʱʧһʱСⳤˣĸٵ롣
ϲͶܹ˯ߣһá
żҲִйĴ浣ǣۼ½ոӺׯӵĽϢ˱ͳƣͬǵ񣬸ū澲ü£Լϱõڵȵȣ׮׮ǰ׼
һæµҲûʱȥ붫ֻż˯ǰ΢һð䣬֮󲻹Ϣͻᱻڳ硣
һߣʱ׸ϻͼ⼸ʮӪе䣬Ҳյһʱ¼
ڵ¼䣬踮еС˪ѩ质Ͷ̹գǵڼ䣬ﶼ³һ
ţûġ
ﶬձȽ䣬Դʱ䶼ԷůУ˪ѩ¿ʱȥʱһ˻һС
ţûġ
ʣµʱ䣬ůƶ񣬿СͿʽӦΪ׼
ţӦġ
żҲλ޵ǵͨţ߽һЩ롣
䣺¼û͵ңο
̰ؽϴͷβ飬׼£ȻأԭѹĵסѾųĻɣٴθԺ
ЩУｻ̸Ķ󣬴ˡһϢŨԸŵģ˵λţһǳޣԸģ˵бȽϳλǾޱˣ
֮ǰʫ棬Ըòơ
Īﵱһλĥ
ǣֻǡཻĶˣ
ֽеϿһ飬
ؿڼԽڷٵ˻Զִйʱ䣬ûлָ侲ƽӵ궯
ΪԴʱλĸԴѾʧȥ˰ϱ˵
ڿûУݡ

97 ı
ľƽڼ򵥵Ŀ, е, ˼ƮԶ
¼, Ҳ, Լݵġ
, һˮʱżȻһֲ롣
ǡγˮʼʱڸвǿԣֻоů, ʣ̫ӡ
ʱ䳤ˣټӲĶڲ֪, ˮȾů⡣
ֱʱ, ŷϰ߱ȵ¶Ȱ
, 벻, ̲סҪ, Ĩ顣
ָо졣
ЩЩģ֮ůϲ
üң겻ԾϷ, ֮ǰ˸, Ҳ, Ӧò󡣡
ǰԼѡ
ڣȻѽԼõ֣ΥԼͷôԽʹԷҲ߬Ҳͬ뷨
֮ǰǰ¶Ĳ㣬ҲΪΪԷĿкʵĿܷǣȻѾ⣬ôΪսϹ޲˵ȷնɱߣǲԼĹ´аȫ˵Ŀܡ
Թ־ܣΪŵ
踮
˯ǰţۿҪ꣬䲻֪ʲôʱܻʱб㱻һ˫ϤĻȱ۰ơ
ǵص鸲ȫ
˺ߵ־ó棬ҲƲšҲšߣûһ㱻.С
ٴλ󣬾Ϳϵĕiɢһͷںĳӡһǡ
Դӳ׺󣬱δйֻཻǴĦ
˶ΪǱȽܵĶװڴ¼ѾܸɵġܸɵĶ˸飬ȴԸһߡ
ʱ̼ǵãֻʽġ
ǵһΡ
ʼ䣬ͻȻڵһ飬Ҫѯôˣȴһſڣ㱻룬κرٴδԷĽࡣ
һҹΣƸꡣ
գٴ󣬻Щ¡
ò˵֮ǰ֮ڴѾ㹻ܣȴԾɸһֲһıо
ƺµĹɹøǿƣᣬҼʡ
Щ뷨ԺתһȦԺ
Ӧ̫ãԲűֵɡ
ϾˣǰֵĶţ˽κβϳ£ᾪ档
磬˯±ٱΪ质ȥͿҩ䳡а
Щڴ϶һ
ĸÿöÿ춼ȥ밲ҲʵЩö
۽ްأĬĬ飬ͷִʱƿЮһЩ΢ĺ뿪ϴ
ۣ壬ղȥ䳡ˣ
ÿճ𴲺䶼ȥ䳡䣬ֻҪڸвأʹδϡ
ȥˣ̫䡣
Լ˵ʲôĻԾɴ۾ûסЦôΪδ飬ڴ϶㣬㲻ģ
ҡͷδвġ
ȻڴϣϡɡСӿġ
סڻУһŻĴУзʵ̾Ϣһڣôô
գգۣ˵ʱɲ˵ģȴͣһֱϲģϲ
ʱȣҲоǺԣʣʱȴ贩ñȱ˶ֽ࣬Ҳȱ
ż룬Ҳôĸ˵ǴζˮԵʡ
Ǽ¼ʵ游ĸʳʵޣû취͵͵ȥӱ׽㣬Сĵˮ
֮ոĸ𷣣ܺͶܽгĥһŸһؼҡ
˵֮Ǽ꣬Ѿ½½˼ҩˣۼǰͼ˺Ҵ鿴ʱ˵û⡣
⣬ȴδô׸ơ
ϵľԭֻϸϸƷȴҲΪľۡ
ϸϸӡһǣţ˽ں󣬶ֽžͻȻȣܺùһЩ
ü۵ʹסһŵʧ䣬ֻԼСƽڣǱٵȵȣʲôʱҹ
乴𴽽ǣֻͻȻܣһϣԼˣǱٶŬŬ
üЩɬ£ɫѾˣ顣
£´ʺһǰġ

һգֱڴϺ˺ܾãҲ֪䵽ôľ
䣬ܹ뿪齣ϣбů¯ϸС۾ص˵İԡ
ѩ̫ūյķݶѹˡԭ֪ڹܣͼ⣬ٷݵİգһЩѵҲһˮӿ
ͼǲ㣬ū澲룬᲻ˣүŻǰظ˻
ڴϺںʱҴҵ緹ûüԡ
Ū֪ڵʱʱԣ
Щɴ°ԺţӦûǽİɣֻܶԣܴҪҪ
үʱɴʲôԵġ
طˣӡ
Ǳá
ｫֶ֫˶ʣʩࣿ
еģмʩֻԱȳİպʤޡ
͸еĴ״˼һ£γȥв̹ܼһʩˡ
ǣˡ
ɳȥԸСѾʱ΢΢ͷŴŵĺ硣
ŽҴȥ䣬ԼۼİǣüһƬ
ѩ׷ֻ꣬ȹĶһꡣ
ͼʵ̫ࡣ
ռѩƴ󣬷ӱѩѹ壬ҲûʲôԵģټԭȥİգ׷׶ͼۼȴ͢ȼá
ͼǵ֪˴ѵĺ룬ڳͳ󣬾ĹԱֶԲߣ뿪ַѵȥ
ӱǰֻȷеĹԱΪİմһԮ֡
ʱµıһΪմܹܷѩıݣ֮ǰڱ߹ʱһλϱķӣʤܹʡɱݡ
࣬䶼ûлȥ÷ȵʱһλ踮Сһ˹үȳһůůӡ
ֵȥѯʣôˣ
ү˵࣬ΪжһЩСǳʩ࣬ҲΪлһѹ
üһůӹֵĳ࣬Ц֪ˣȥæɡ
һɫ׺ӣһǺòüչЦůڣ˵ۡ
СһϵͷӦǣү
˵գһʩĵطȥһеֲ֮ǰйأδСѾͷǣһɲ̧ͷֱӴˡ

98 Ͷ
ʹò, ڲ׼ֱӵǰ, ѾһСѾͷɶ˻ǰͺ̡
۾ˣǻˣ
ʵ, ҲȷʵλС롣
, ոճڳʿһάѲӴݽ, ˲ŮĿ⡣
ЩĿ, һʼǺԱ, 踮ʩ̯Ӵ, ǰİ֪λ轫״󣬲ѹϥлŮİ, ˼
ֻһ, ͨ
ֻʩ, ֪жȻȱ, ൱, ټ˳úãλҲߣòҲ޲Ⱥá
ܹ丮, øͨ, ҲܱȸЩͷ, ۿžҪȥǿ
˵ŮܵλүۣʱҲһ, һ𱻶ˡ
ٻ, 㵱, ҲԿǽȥѾŮ׬ϵǮ֮ͼ֮
ò˵ȺУв˼⡣
ڳۼЩѾвЯŮ˼Ҽֲȥġ
ŮȥǮУŮ͸ȥСѾͷҲУǽڳ䣬ǼŮİǣܹѡ
λߣԺ徻汻Уϱǻ˶ٵ£Ⱳжĸ
ԭѾвٹģۼλĴ˽סʱ۵һᣬ͸ǱôȶκҲű
ǣصУڽȺس̳¸߳׼ӲʱһλֻżаϸŮͻȻһˣ
ŲһˣպôŮµλá
顱һλӯŮݺݵˤ˵ϣһ˲Ϯʹ۵òһ˲Ťϵĳάֲס
վŮλһԶĿƳһۡ
оӵصĶԼϱӵĶ󣬿ɼʵˤòᡣ
ҲˣϵճĽĿ⣬ĵļƤȿֺؼ˳
䰴סĵؽĲŭѸת׼뿪
ȴͱŮӵһסˣСŮʵ治ȥʴ˼пȱɨůСŮԸౡ֮
ںʹսʧȴֻʣ¼ֻĺЦ
ûֱͣӿڣȥȥȣɼǸġ
ƽʱ󽲾ĶţǽһЩ˵أȥֱһλ棬ڣЩĿĲĹԽ͡
֮ˣڻŽգ֮ˣһһڿط˹
ǿҵķܲƺᷳ
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ھλõĲԶΪѩѧ÷ż٣Ÿʩ࣬һų质ֵͣ½Ų
Ŀ΢ؿڵϲŬά͵ŮٿԵĲúĬĬһ
ڲǳֵʱҶס
Ȼ֮Ķ̶һʱ䣬ǾҼʶǿ
ڼһʼͶͱ޹Ĺ֮һ͹³ʵģĸ˫ŹŮߵģв˫κ졢ߵ׼ǿس鼸䣬εڵصġ
ʹЩŮӵĹȴһģȫˡ
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质һͨ̾Ϊֹø첲ͱ质С͵Ц磬ʤ£ɶǶϲͣϧ
质һƽĸ첲ȥʹҧҲ˵Ҹ𣿣
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˿ʿԶִһۡ
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质Ǻ质˼
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ʹǶоĸĸ֮ܺãһֱԵĳ͵λǶоӦĸϲһЩ
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质ҲŰһͷ
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֪ˣԼ뿪ʱ¸ٶ⽴ҲǺõİ
鷳ԺֵʱҲԶұüСȥΪȥʳԺ潫θԳЩëٵַʱ
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ת۵׸ֳһ˿ǳЦ⣬һԡͰů͵ˮû壬ݳһ˿.
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֮ǰ䣬ڴ΢Ĺߴ壬ģȴɽȪʱΪ̫ɬһֱ۾Ĵơ
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ʪӣһûһزţȵͷԭȵ컺ѻΪС
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룬ʱӦʲô񣬲֪ˣŽԼˮʱȥִС
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Գջ֮ǰǾ仰
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¼䣬·㻹£ʱѾԽ

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ףú׼, ȫԸ, ڵʱʱҪ׼ĶΪǶ׼һݣȱٵ, Ҳͬ, ʱ
лĸס
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ǽ, һνͦСظ, ԼСĵȡһֻõСľ, ˷ܵĸ, Ѿܽľͽˡ
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һȥһ죬ܹﵽĸĳ̶ȡ
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Ǻǡ
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͸Ŭ
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쵽ʱʱ佫ҪĶȫɣһӿԷУ顣
һһ󣬵ͷȥСȳ󣬷طԸһλСһȥš
ͼ⣬ӿ쵽ʱʼصͼǶС
ǿģֵ쵽ˣֵ׼ȥŪԵģҪҪһ𣿡
˹ҡͷˣһз˻ŹұЪϢһС
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ү밲ūǷүŵģΪү׼չӣ˵үִй񣬵ܺԵȺЩкô
˵գɱ£ʳΪһһϡ
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Ӳһʺϵʳá
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ԭҲи졣а⡣
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΢ԣҲǷΪӵ棿
ǡ̹ܼҼæҡͷֻΪүԼ˵棬ʣµģǳ³ӵġ

˴ߺ鷿˼⣬ΣͻȻ۾̧ӡ
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ԷУԴɴϢ󣬾һֱڵδȴš
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ͷΪԼ貹δ̽**˼ֻǼɫ󰵣Щġ
ͷ۵ֿαɫĵһЦ⣺صģʵһκβҡ
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ΣⷭһҳȴĿ΢, ڣҼúע
һ̽ͷһ, ͷҿд, ɽٲԼʮɣ״Բ裬֮ǰһμпȴˡ
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ԭڴϿŻпɵŮӣȫ˸ɱĶѿˣͽһڸһֽޡ
ͺԴȷԼϲǰŮӣͻȻıģ
еˣԼҲıࡣ
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ǰԺ鷿Уºܿո⵴飬棺ģȥ֪ͼЩĽĹǻô衣ʱӡΣͶͱùǣֽ֪
ãҲƤӣֱѯص㣺ôк£
ºһҲŲµһ̬ɣҲûжʣתǲҼн˼λ̿ͣҪҰߡҲȽڿܾͿװĺˡ
Ŷ䵭Ƴһۣıȱȱ

102 ӻ
ʦǷ衢Ҳϻ۵, ʱӥļ̳ѡǰͻӥ졣
ȻʱװЩ, ֵҲȷʵԽϲЩ, ֻǲ½ǡ˿ָ׷Ķ, 㹻ŵٰʮ̿͡
Щ˻, ĴӪ
ᱻ, λŵʦԻᱻôӹײİĳ
֣˵¡
ºܽɫһ࣬ɫڣҳʱȥǱͳһӥ鱨˳һȥǱߵˡ
ɫһô, Ҫٵȵȣ
Ѿô, ˡ
ǱرֵլԺУƳı꣬Ѿ͵ļޡ
, ̫., Ҳӥ鱨ԱΡ
ʳָ棬Σһؽ䣬ٳһöСɵĺɫӥչ, ֣صݸ·һСġ
ºܽСĴ뻳УܹԴȢϱ, ͲѪ, õҵĻᲢ, , 뿪Ҳġ
һûгԷºܹһ£ʲôУ֪ĻΪߡ
ȷʵߡ
䣡
һȭŹкִһ𣬽֮ļƻһ飬ºΪ鷿еҩһҩת뿪
俴̤뿪ıӰ
֪º뿪ûи꣬ӦǲطĻᡣ
ϵһ̯£ɱͼ鷳ˡ
踮ڳʩ˼࣬ȵ֪ȥ󣬿ʼַھȼ󣬱㳷֡
֪жܿ죬ټ֪ΪլŮĵãֻʱ䣬յ˼֪ݷµ
֮踮֪ݷ˵ĺ£ֽΪÿʱĳ¶壬һ˳ȥ
ͼֱӾ˼еĳ£Щǿˣֱӷӵϣȫ
üһ壬ҲȤ˭ô
Ҫ֪˼Щ£õĶǺӣЩ·²͵̣ܻϺüǮ
Ƕַˣתȥһö»
ʵϣ踮ҲûУȣЩõģΣ踮Ҳݳͷ
ˣЩУ˵ҲЩõģǱӴϴֻʣĳֵ֣ʲôǮ
λ˰ǵ𣿾һβμʱǸͻľٰߣˡҲ֪Ƿʲô裬ǰҲûôƮ
Ҳʾû뵽
ĪǼгʲôϲ£ռԵģҪ£
Щ벻ʲôɣһĳȷˣ˲ʱ˵ľٶ
䣬ȵ˵ɻ󣬾ͲЦʲôɣ̬һ±ˣûסЩɵ°ˡ
գգۣǷʲô𣿡
ЦʩʩȻҪͷӳҪʱţԼˢһˡ֪޴
ʲô
Ȼڱ
˵λ˵ĹϵпɣϾµӥ飬ûλ˵ϲ鵽ʲô۵㡣
˵ӥԱڻָڣֻԣεġ
Դϴ˵֮ĽԹ̺˳˽˺լλ˸˲飬û뵽һ飬һЩȤĶ
˵λֳͼƷԱϱ㲻ɾڱʼϵһ
λλûϵӥԱδ߽ϸ顣
֮ϸ飬ǵǷͨլܻ¸ľֹȴѯĵص㡣
һʱ䣬ӥ˴ūǰ¾Ǯʱè塣
ʱ£ָɽϷϢѾ棬ָɽɽҲѱ֡͢ӥԱһֱǱߣûгˣҲᷢ㡣
ò˵µɮһȷʵһ൱εǮ취
ǹѾĽѿգɲǵ÷裿
Ǹ֪͵ǽ˾ĿΪΣΪãΪҷͷӵճáÿչսս
ֻսսе͵ȥսսиߵһˡ
俴ﻹšü˼ɺЦ޹ؽҪˣš
һԵѾ֣߰ʾ⴫ţЦͬǵģ֪ΣԷ˵޹ؽҪ
ĵص˵ͷֳ裬ϸϸ棬߿أΪӻס㡣
￴۵׵֣أҲɵظŲ˲򶨵ԺҪЩˣ塣
乴𴽽ǣ٬ִż棺ȻΪزǰ徳ء
ѣԻһ
*
ȳȫϣʱ仺ػµβ
˼Ҷʼ׼
Ҳʫ涼ȥ֮󣬱㰴踮֮ǰĵӣɾ
䶥Ŵѩţնϵѩ멽£Ϳһӷȷϵ
ûŪꣿ
̧ͷ塣
֮ǰżϰ߻ǿ̬ȣҲ𽥵ϰ˳ƺԷı֡
ѾˣֻǸղֺƱһ㣬ֽ֮ǰĵӷȽһ
İ֣멵ݸԱѾߣ̤ߵǰ£ΪԼϱȲůߵùǡ
ԴӷǰҪŮױºǵ̬ȱϾࡣ
ǣΪˣȴ̬ȣͲǴǸʱʼģһʼѾģֻ֮ǰΪĳЩԭûбֳˡ
ʱҲѽȫԱ꣬Щؿڣ񵥶Ĵ󲿷֣Сļױ޼Ǹòַʽɡ
ЦһҲûʲôãҲǵ㶫һֹҵͽСϵļױǶȥ
ǵһ
һС
ˣʽһ䡣
ڽ踮ĵһ꣬εǳӡ
俴˽ȥźã˼ռˣǰ棬ֱһ顣
æԼȳССڵص˳ֽе¯Уģܵ²ףɵýʡʹ
ǰӵӣЦ̫棬ǰĸײʱ겻Ҳ˳˳عˣΪ¶Ϻⶼȥòʧ
Ȩһ.ϵҪ̶ȣһۣ㱻Ҿ飬ô⣿
㽫ͷѹϣЦȻǸɵģΪֻ㽫ϣҪ񡣡
ﱻָػòЩңգգۣɫһҵľѹĵס

103 Ϧ
Ϧ֮ҹ, 踮һ𵽳Ժҹ
ùҹ˱ů, һ߿Ź, Ȳ, һɸ׼ҹԴϼ
ɵİ, Ҳδ̫, ΪһЩδţ񿺷ܵ˺ð졣
еһĸй񣺡Ըĸף´ϲ¼, ⸣޽
ĸЦŵһĺúú, Ǯùö⣬ݸˣҲϣ˽ܺͺΪҿ֦ɢҶ
ЦӦˡ
֮, 质Сǰʺ, ĸԸһһ⡣
յϰףΧһϣԲԲĸʳһӣŷ, ԻصԺϢ
صԷʱ, ϴˮ׼
жλ, һֱվڴ, Ŵ̻, Ծ̾
סо΢΢һ֮𽥷۵׸ֳһ˿ײЦ⡣
ÿ
ףÿôЩǮȥɹ
Ѥ澰һһҲֵˡ
»кü춼ܷţʱٿʱЩˣҲЩϢ
ףŴĴһֱûɿ۽΢΢˲ﻷסΪ⿪壬
һЩʱЩɬھЩʱգоԼȻֹˮ
Ȼʲô飬ϰߡ
֮İ£Ҳȥ˺صİȹ˲ŷ´ʰޡ
俴һϴ㽫ԼʵʵŮӣ˲˹ȥޡ
š
Ϊãµһ꣬ҪµͷԽǲҲһΣ
ﵭһۣ˽ΪΪһͷϻǲҪ˺ۡ
ңһ¡
¼ģϵģ಻
еζƷ˼ͷҲУҲһʱ䣬ˬǱģһס
Ԥʾŷ޺ͺ롣
ĵһ죬ԷԺУԼŮĵʹ಻
ҹѾͷǻһۣûү
ͻȻЩϰء
*
ͼǵĴڣ֣Զͼǰ֮ľøʢҷ
̫ӸУͼλùþһҹΧһǰһ߿һ˵ŸԼȤ¡
һü䡢Ůӡ
жʮΪ߳ЦԵʣݷǳۣ˵ʮ߰СҲȫΥ͸С
ҲΪÿÿ˵ʱüЦ˲֪Ⱦϲ飬ʶڹŮм䣬Եǲ
ʱһ߽ڻϿţһ߲ϵֱĦλá
ԴǰյֶŮĹպӾͺù࣬û˿֮ǰһֱ۸ѹեļҲ߻ӸϢûټ
Ǻã߻ӵ鷿ɨһ
ȻѾעû̫ˮΪϱ㱻붬һʼλùñ׼һЩԤҩϵĶǰ˳
Աߵķùһ߿һЩĦֱϵĶȰĥˣⶫԽĥԽЩҩĨĨ
ЦǺǵҴҩأǸоӶ¶ɣԽԽͣұŶһ
ɵѾͷ
ҲЦҲ֪λùõĺ⣬ǱȡҩཫϱĦЩȵĶλøϸϸĨãȴҽŻֱ̫ٴη
һλԲùüǸûûεЦӯӯģûסʵڶˣ֮ǰ˵Ѿϵ𣿡
Ц۾ǰǰ֮ǰȸ˵ʱһСӣƣ˵ǱпͳżʵҵĻдһţӳȥѾϵˡ
λùòɫһۣٻͷϵЦ˼֣ǻͦãֶŮǰɡ
ͷֶŮͱС꣬ոճɵסȻֶ֪ŮΣֻܶƿùöģӦǸõġ
ù߻üۣձߵСɾѣҲЦǱãǱá
Ӵ˵ƿ㲻ҲΪ˼ŽСѡ𣿡
ҲҵʱҲʵûӣýǮĵطˣǲϵЦǳ˼֣ϻָЦ⣬䲢ްЩˣֻҪһ룬ٹܳͼžۣҾ˯ž
ͣɵѾͷеʱЩŮڹͷʱżĺãǵȵԺ󣬾ͻᷢʵкܴࡣ
԰֮ǰλ÷ùãڹоͦõģȴһ˼强ȥתͷͱҸ޸һʮӹò֪жܣڹǸж氡
ҡͷǱˣҼǲģɩӴС㽫ҵŮ֮ǰһյɩӺֶŮţ˵˺ö˼ңҪУҪ佫ҲУ˿ϲʲôġɩӺֶŮҶܺãɩ֮ǰҶĵòˡ
ǻǲףϾ빬Ҳʮˡ
ݸһЦܸ˿ɩӺֶŮ
̧ͷһСĵزֱ϶һ߿ŲԶȼŵ̻üۣҴ빬𣬾һֱܹܹԲڣҪȵˣá
ŵȵˡ
뼸˿ص㲻ԶһλӳվڻȵӰ۾ЦȫЦ۵׿ٻһĨɫתߵ̫໺뿪
ιڹǵЦɣǴһʼδֹһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬һص㡪Ź
ոתľŹ̫ҽ۵׻Щ󣺡̫ҽôˣ
ع̫ҽջشϵ֣ǻˣһࡣ
Źٿصɴ۾һ𣬸ԼСѵЩʧ̬ˣˣ̫ҽ״Σ
̫ҽϰΪؼӲ޴󰭣ֻڲͣЩˡϷΪһЩ̥ҩԴúϢһʱ䣬Ҳͺˡ
ŹףæʾһλŮ̫ҽȥץҩ
ȵѾ뿪һʱ䣬ŹٿȻӦ̫ҽſǾ京ĹȲͣʲô˼
ٿȻһΡ
ֻǻδüߣͱٴα˷ȡ˷ܵŮ֣صˣˣһ̥һǸӣȻҪ轫ԺĹŮȢҽŮ쿴һֱΪֹ
һѾؿŲԶľȰ裺

ԴӷֹεУδϱͷ龭һĵ
εȻǵĵġ
ǻУ˵ʵһġ

104 
֪, ŹĶӵһǻȳǽС, ÿ, եԼ
Ū, ѾڸԼ͵͵ˡ
, ڻˡ
λ轫Ź֮ǰ, ҲŹ
žŹϼּ, Ҫ¼޸轫, ֻǺڻɿڴӦǰ轫ǱȶףŲ֮
Ҳ, һֱеһ, Źֵ, ֵöܹ֮ٳ, ṵ̂ܽγ
ڣʲô
ɫ, ǰҪ𣿣
޲ȥҪ˼ҹŮֻڼ쿴
ЩκضԾŹοһ, κĻصԼ޷
ΣվԼ޷ͭǰ, žϸ۲졣
Ҳ֪ǷĴ, ʱԡ͡ȵԭ, оӵԼɫ԰, ۴ڣɫήңһ֮࣬òֵ»
Ȼ֪˹ôϲÿɫãǷڲ֮࣬ԼҲ
*
µһϲķΧĻ
꣬踮ոȴδ϶೤ʱ䣬㶼æµ
ռΪ׼ռ϶갵£С˵ԣ踮Ϊ质Ǻ质˵ԡ
Ϊ⣬踮ڵǣҪ·ԺԷģ᲻Ų质ͣÿȥ䳡ѵҲզզ´λĹθϰ
Ϊ˸˴һгı꣬ʮ嶼ðϢ
ʱһ£Կӱʽ١
ڿȡͯʱҪصڵȥԣǰ죬ʱһȥԭ׼ԡ
质Ǻ质Ϊǵԭ̫ԶҰʱѾǨ΢ʹЩֶΣͼ߿ԡ
Եգ质Ǻ质갵ĴȥԵĿ˾ı
ڱۿˣһſʿĲɸ󣬽˿߳ңȺѰǽһŵ质ͣЦ߰ɣȻҼҳԵ㶫ЪϢһٴ϶š
质šü룬ǿھܾл˾ˡֻǼĸ׺ĸҲڵģøϽȥǻ㱨
룬ûֶֹ䣬ŷ뿪
踮ĸӽ翪ʼЩԲԲڹԺڹҹÿһΣҲҪ
ĸҲھȰ⣬⼸ദ˴ڶ⼸ԼҶӴıӣҲû֮ǰų⡣
质ʹϢ˫ֺʮŶһİӷ𣺡ǸͳѧϰùѧõŻ˺һͨ϶ܿһĳɼ
ҲԱߵͷȴһӸ̫ѹֻԱ߸Ų˵ûɹ´Ҳ϶ܹɹ룬ǸͳͯǼҲǸĻͥˡԺȥ˵踮Ͳ˵佫ͥ˫ȫֻϧҪڿжȹˡ
ĸףϲڣްȳԳٸһ񡣡
ڸоϱ˵ԣӼȻѾˣҪﾡãúܿϣ˵ȥ̫ˡ
ԺС··ǰ涼Ϊ·
˵¾㱸ֻǷˡ
뵽ĿֲɫĶӣ֪뵽ʲôԽЦüۡ
ͯԺܿȥ
质Ǻ质ڿԺ󣬻ص踮úõش˯һ͵鷿ԼڿϵĴȫĬд
ȴһжһֳȥո갰æꡣ
갽ĬдĿһһοͷ㲻ǸʫˮƽԱ֮ǰҪߣʫҲһʮ㡣ͯΪƾٵĿԣѣ粻⣬Ӧܹ
质Щ˼صͷ
߳࣬ͻȻǲ˼ĺ߶갺质̲סЦ˳
质Ц̣ûסչЦεʫģʵǾˡ
󺣳һûīˮʫһŬãڿЩͷһΪ̳ĸѧԵʡ
Դ踮ÿ쳿ʱܵ͸һ䳡ϼȴһߵ͸ͷĵز
ɼ󺣳жã质ǺǨŭš
ֻǼˣǶѧһжӡ
ر֪ԼһλζĸĬĬعעԼԽ¶Լѧϵֻ֣Ҫڿƾһ;ߵԶ
Ц꣬ҲΪˣʫһϻϣ㿴ڽӴʫҲһ࣬ˮƽѾ˺ֻܴҪ֣ܹѰһϡ
质Ǻ质ŵͷ
质εʫĿӽǡռҺһӣֵͤиϰΣŻидڿϿĿʱҲ˼Ȫӿûж˼Ժбӿֳʮ˾ӽʫ䡣
质򴽣Դ˱ʾͬȷʵˡ
˵գֿԼĬдǷʫģǰſ˯һһĴɫСӰ
ۿȥҪġ
ռҵλСĸһļָÿģȵˡ
ϧ˽꣬ǰĴѾͷˣҲ֪ԺܷټǸ׹Ӱ
һֱԲСģ质ǲԾššü
ٻӦöٶͶעһЩʱ䣬õʱӲסǸѾͷ
ȴʱǽŵģƺһ꣬գ֮䡣
Կ죬񵥱㱻
һ磬˼λСȥԺķŰǰţĸһǰԺãŵһʱ䴫Ϣ
质质Щţĸŷ鲻ͣдʣǵֽŸǱߵ㡣
ɫʵڽԱȰοްްʱԷкüֻϲȵڽءڱϲţǲýš
质质һۣͷ
ȥ䳡ʱ仹˵Ϊĸ׵ĵȥ˯þοãԺÿ糿䳡ĳʱһΪת»ǻһڱֳ򾲡
㣬вŸů
ĸͷĺˣǸо
ԶԶԣûʲôýŵģ˾
ޡĸɥŵֱӳдʵ״̬Щɲ˵ϣŸԸ桭
Ȼһֵдʼʼ
ۼʱ䵽ʱԺİѾĸɴסΪŷתȦȦ
ֽƺͽȾ˵ҲתΪš
ԣһûȶãͼ踮ȥ񵥵ļСһÿܶ
һãСǱߵϲشϲϷˡ˺ͼλСӣүԵʮүԵ

105 
м˴ϲ, ĸϲغϲ£ͣúúã̫ˣ
￴żСЬӶܵǱģЦ, , Щ, ܵЬǮҲϡ
Ӧ, ӻȡ׼õļɰŵСÿ˷һ
лл, ллϷˡ
СŽԷʮĺɰ, һüЦ
ĸҲǿҵľϲл͹, ѵô󷽵Ǯ֣˶෢һǮ
ǣϷˡ
ʱС, ڵõϢͽȡ˳, 踮ſڵȼ
¼, к, һıΪٴδͷ׵ϲ
ｫΪ׼õ˳
һһ, һСɵɰߡ
ɰɫӨʽС, ǾƷΪʺʹá
ЩСͷĲȤ, ڸй۲ݲʱõĶǴ, ֻżװװʱ, ŻʹССյ, ϸƷ
ǰⷿɰ󣬱ֱӾ˵Ժ
Ȼ质Ǻ质ɰߣΪϲ
ﲻɫüһλĶŵ˶ɰϲڼƷ趼õţƵαȫһ
ȥռҺͷӼбϲпȥεĳɼ
˼Ʈ质ǿڣĸ׿ԷģС˾˵ĻòӦϰ񡣡
质ͷͣС˾˵ˮƽֻҪӣһܹ
üչͷЦû³ҲȷʵЩܿйȻãоٿҲ󡣡
԰գջ񣬷Ը׼һٷḻʳȽһһ٣ͼף
ص󣬸ڻůϯ
ϯ䣬ȡö壬ɫ̣ˮͷ͸
һöëʡͼɵġض⡱һö֥𡢹ǮԪͼɵġ顱
öһó质ǵĿѾö顱ϣ质ԸЩġض⡱жӡ
佫óǰһȦ˾ϲͿĿ£
ȻˣǾͼŬȸԹǱǵˡ˹ǳЦ·ȫ֪ԼղǶôֵһ㡣
质Ǻ质
˱Ҿ㵣质һЦ˳Ҳ̿
ĸĸ첲ЦôˣŪӡ
ûһ㲻˼ڸǶʡñԵĳɼϲƮ
质ӣЦףӿͷƮˡ
质ǰͷָ˶ǣǻῼøá
˼ӳ֣١
һ˫ϲţ
һͨ˵䲻Ϊð׷ѿ࣬Կ죬ûо㡣
质ǸԺŸֺαڣҡ
质Цݿɬף˵滰ʫˮƽͲһö顣
˿һһ䣬˫ɣ̲סЦ
￴¼в˵ľٶҲ̿㰡
Σ
£㿪ľͺá
ʲôĸײǸأֻҪΪгһҵģ㶼Ǻøס
质鷿Լױŵݸ䣺ʸףλĸڿɺã
ԴҲδԭΪ޹Ѿ;ƿݣԴ֪Ϣͷ·ҵ־𲽵
质Ƕ˶ǣջǳʵĲ֪˭𣿡
ҡͷҡùϣʱܡ
˵գֽżչԿһƻأ̫䣬Ѵ˺üмβδͦǿҪеĿԳɼӲġ
ڹⱨϲǣĲûж洦ȥдеĲգյЩҲãЩҲգ֮ܶЩ־
λϼ״ܲõ质ǳͷأһ£
质ǵһλĸ״µ˽⡣
ǲܹܶࡣ
俴һָۣοڣĸҺܳ谮һŮƣʧΨһŮʧȥе
ĸķұγĸͻصҡһʼһĶԴеļ̳ˣ˹ϵ㲻գȹԷΡҲˣ˲ֱڶûȬ
Ǻҵļ̳ݺϳĸ滷¼
λϼӸ֮࣬ܵ˿Ԫ۵ļɵҲܵӵۡ
ֻ״ʵ⣬Ǳ߲ƵƵţ质߶дţ־质ǵһ⡣
质ǰ봹ӵͷʾ֪
Լ⻨Žصıϲż»ص鷿żһŶ裬Գ˼
ȷʵвٷգڶԼĻ񣬷ԼʫϿѣԼȻżȻԼϵ츳Ҫѧϵĸӳɫ
λڶԷǴ󽫾˵ĸҲﲻæͽģִëʣպպī֭ź˵˵
˵ԼʫֲߣϾҪеĸ²ϰ񣬻Ŭ㷡
˵Լһʼѧһϵ츳ÿ糿䳡壬ٰ㲻ԸԿ࿼Ϊܲס䣬ȣ쿼Իûε˿ÿֶܿԾһ綼ûŶ⡣
ټճеһЩСգչʮֽ
质ǽżɫдڴһ磬ֽż䡣
λ㲻нԺ׼
质һǣס
˵գվԭĬȻ˻Σ̧ףܷ֪ĸĸ򣿡
质ֻҪһһλнľ˼еĵԼͳġδѶϢȫ֪
ǡ
质Ǵ
Ȼͼǲ̫ԶҲԵ޹ʹȥ˲鵽ݣ׸ĸ鷳
°ͣµ˻ı飬ĵسڲ䣺û⣬ҾͻᱻǣʱԵǼʱ򡣡
质ǻ̧ͷ䡣
Ȥζع𴽽ǣԣڻؾǰԿ꣬ȡͯʸȥǺҲ̫
质üһݣæͷ׷ģһŬġ˵꣬εؿ䣬Ǹ飿

质ǣ
ؿ¶ĿӣͻȻһ񣺡ףĵظлǸѩؽӼ
Դȫͬһ·
俴˵仰㽫͸˵СӣĬȻ
ֱתǱ뿪Цһġ

106 ̽
պ, ˱ϲ
Ǳ߳ɹϰΪ԰ĵʮ
˲꣬ȵϰͶҪСһЩ
ʮϲ, ɼԤеĺ̫࣬Ÿ׺λܵҲ⡣
ʱһ, ռǱ߱㿪ʼܹĵ갵¡
λӶ׵, Ӳμҹռ¶ϲġ
иѧԺжʺ갵Ľ̵չ, ĸÿÿἰʱ, Ϊм
¿ʼǰﻹ˸ʱ, ȥ̽Ϊµĸ
λ, ǷӴ
̬, üչϵЦⶼɢ͡
Ȼռҵ⼸, ӦãһׯϣŻС˶еɫ
㡣еӭǰ
ãﱻѾ߷ʣæߣĸǱΣ
Ѿ򿴹, ˵Щ, ոճЩҩ, ڻδ˯¡˵, ĸԺȥ
·ϣ˻ռҵĽ
ŷ׼ܵĻ£¸ܵĸԣԼ·ȫһǨԱţеݣ̲סΪһѺ
һʱˡЩҲǴ絽βõٿС
ռ꣬¶ѹһ֮ǰЩͷδйæµ
УЩС£ĸҲһֱҷֵһ֮ܡ˵Ҳæòˣġ
⻰ͺȻǫ顣
ͷ߷Цã̬ȻԣδЩࡣ
ʵϣҲȷʵá
ԱҵռҼȲõļĸͼøԼ°ӣҲԼδû䣬ЩưˣѾӰģȫ޷Ӱĺ顣
ĸƣССѧǷԼǺƲ
ǰԤ룬Ҫֱ̫̫࣬Ƶ˸
ҲΪᣬϵĺˣضӡ
һ·Ц̸ţĸԺ䡣
һȥһɫԲ㡣
۵ɡ
㣬Һ㡣ס
Ȼż޳ȥһ꣬ȴоȥ˼Ҹˡ
̲סЦԻ˻СӣЦǲǳ˵㣿
Щ˼ŤŤֱ׳̧ͷ㣬ﶼƭҡ˵ռҵĹҲԲ֣Ҳݲˣԣˡ
һЦ
ϸ룬Ϊʱδףȴһֱݲĸӣο
ѾͷǴûãоͿʼТСûԵٺöԵʣǸܳԣҲ죬ⲻ
ٲֵʣֳԷҲϳ⡣
.ƽӣ̧˰СΪ㷹ʳҲ嵭ζ㲻һ˵˭˵ռҵĹûмģҺ˵ǵСùñˣСϸƯ
ģɴ۾
û϶ף˵ǻǰοϴȴûм޳ȥɲܵ档룬Ժ󳤴󣬵˵ͣҪñȴ㻹֣米ţãɩϸ˫ȽϺá
Ŀʹɩ֮ɣ˷ϡ
ҲҪñȴ㻹֣Ҫɩһÿ˵ֿ꣬üǴҲ֣㶼˺öࡣ
ԼѾԲ
ҲΪ˰ġȸŴѧһʼһ΢ٳһЩȳԵ˷ֱҪʮֱӵٶදܿͻҲݵ͡
ֻҪܵ;Ϳˡ
ȻҲ֪Լôģǰһ˵϶û
ȴٿִضŴɩϸжȵģУҪݳɴɩ
֮˽֮ԭһЩټʹ˵оԼŻ΢Լ
ڼȻµĿ꣬΢һ죬оԼ϶ԡ
˫Ѿ٣Цơ
ǲܳԣֻΪչȥԺᾭܲסЩϾ˶ôĴν
ĸ޷һƽ󣬾ͿڴϡЩήҵĸһһˡ
ĸӵϢҩû˯СŮ̬̲סЦ˵£ù
˵ţȴεסֲɿ
ĸ˵ģˣһܲ˵ֻһȰ裬ʮ⣬ŮҲҪġ
ĸһ̧ۣ֣ģæбͩ¯ָѾͷһֽűţⲻҲΪ𣿡
̲סͷĸͷ˲䣬̧ͷЦӴٵֽۣžͻůˡ
ĸûסЩЦ
ԱһһܵĸͣҶԽůͣҳȥѩһһʼģůģ
ĸױסһӾЦ
һԣЦ̵ĸŮˣ۵׻һĨĽ
ȽǾ˵ǰ㶺ĸЦĻģҲ֪ĸ׺ദʱǷоȤ
ĸĸһʱЩӵҩʱǰҴ뿪ո
޵ĹӦٻңһǴ£ȥҲӦ
ϴδܳǰҴһǴΣѾ̵ܹļޡ
ˣҲ㡣
ؼҵ·ϣĸַĺɰ۽üҵϲ⾭ò
Ա߿ţͻȻڣˣүҲˣ˵죬ǲǸץЩ
ǶʮͲգټͼǹٳЩңԱû׼졣
ȥŹɵ¼䣬Ѿ׼
һַƵĵɫ˿֯˷Ĳ֦ƣ򱻾һƺΪưٸͼ
Ѿ깤ֻʣëһֱûзϡ
ἰЩ΢򴽣βͷ⣺Ҫٻһ
ѡʱҲ֪ģͻȻ࿴¥еӰһ°׳ĵ֥˱ˡ
ȻȻüӢͦݿݣŴԵݕiɫҲܳĳǷ绪
ҲˣʱĶѡһƥɫӡ
ۼｫɣͲβȴɡ
һӵĺɫ˾ǲϲ˺ɫ֮ƫɫ󡣼ˣֺαȥӣȥ̽ĵߡ
Щżˣôʱ䣬ۼҪˣôܴùģ
ﴽҡͷùģҾãܲϲ
ɳһԴȴΪȻүϲҲͳȥү֪⡣ʵڲģ۾ٶЩġ
ﴹһ̾ϢҲգ֮ǰ˼⼸Ҳһβоͱġ
ۼ갻ٽ缸գռұŵƹҲʣռҶһƬͮͮϲΧ
ĸӱȽϲһµ˶ԹǷһͦ
ź󣬻صȥεһͬ͸ʣԸ̾Ļǰ㲨ۣһλɩЩڿɩȷʵһʼƫȫˡ
ʾЦɩȷʵ
ɩʵۣܵܽ
֮ʾʹǶصԼСԺ갵Ļ˵һˡ
봹ס𽥷ɬ⣺ࡣ
ϲռңΪռֻҪǸһֺãǱĵ׵ʵ˼ңĺˮƯ
ַΧĸ̤ʵ
ͷƮĸƼѰܹĹһ㡣
̫ˣӦġ΢ǿסЦ
ԣһۣЩ˼Ӱס
̲ס̾ϢһֽڻУܻԽԽõģΪˣ


107 ߾
¶ʮ, 갴ϲ
갴һȺͬȥδӭף质ֵܸһȥΧ˸ọ̈̄úôһ֡
ҵֵܣ质ǹʮ质ʮһ质ʮꡣ
, 质԰һЩ质Ǻ质ͶǸͷѸ٣һȺ, ʮͻأ
Ҳ, ǰӭ׵Ĺ, ʱֵ˴չǷףĨ˵δĽݵȡ
Դˣֵ˵ʵ, Ǹĸ, ר
ٱȥԷͣһ͵ڼ׼Դ򷢡
ȵЩ˶ѭԶ, ֵѰ˸徻󼸲
质̣ʵûסЦҾ˵öԵ, ǵèʳ, ӶϲҸ, ҶҲ϶, 
质һɫںôҲͨ, ⶼҽЩʲôˣǸżҵģϸ±ɹùý˺üİǻżҷµǼǲǵɵ˼Ҹҵҡ
质Ĩһиҵģҵģҵġҷִ˼ұһȻ֪ǼҹﳤʲôǼҵĸְҶ䣬˽һȥһԼȢϱ
质ЦòλֳļǴûû£ӦûмҰûֳ£ûбɹù÷ģٿҸײ˵ǽͿܻĵְȥط𣿵ʱкġ
质Ǻ质һε̾ϢǻˣɹùõµطİԶˣٿǶס
һСĳΪԴЦ
ңܻĸأĸ׺ɹùðѹأǵܲ
ͼУ˼ҶǱϼҷһѡ
ɹù˵һһһӵڸ˵һһεؿŹ뵽ء
ռңŮӭʹμӻŮŻԾա
ƷڲṧˣڽոŮƷߵһҲ˻ȥ඼õĻܡ
ڼҲеŮҵɼҵɸܾˡ
Ǹʱżһ棬ܻᱻְһ棬ô˵ڶΪ࿴µʱ
ɫôӭո
վڴΧ۵ȺУոոոϻͼǵո̰ע٣ǲᡣ
ھñ꣬ոڼд죬Ҫϻؾǡ
ռߣȶܻҲҪʼǰ˶ֻ갵ĸһ꣬ҪȫǨǡ
ټҲ֪Ǻգˣоһɬ
ոףңңŮվŵķ¶һĨϤĳЦݣһᣬֺغ
ȵһֹȥոеĻӽβĸͷЦоԼЦЩ࣬նЩۡ
Ҫ뿪ʱһռϤĴţֻΪλܵЩΣ·ҲڸղһͨЦֶɢ
иĸãܹͦãҲúܺá
ܵͯڿȡ;УԲС壬룬ռѾûʲôҪȥĵˡ
á
߳ռҴţͿ뿿ĳԯϡ
仺һӣոſڻĵӳ£ԽͦΣ
ǰǺְ££磬ߴߣߵͷձߵЦֺȾˣ
ڿһ飬Щӿ졣
̧䣬Ц۾ʵ̫ģͶڣ뱭Ӧǲδȶࡣ
˵գָԼЩҵԾҲ΢ȶһЩ
΢Цһ˷
ȴ뿪ʱ̲סֶһָУӦûݰɡ
ûûУûСϡ
ɻض࿴һۣﶬﴩʵڶ࣬ԼرʵҲжϲֻܵԲһ
ص踮һͨϴڴĵصͨͷֱæ꣬ż͵ؽ˳Уѹ¡
ﻹЩԣ䲻ĦȷⲢδ٣չüңɫѯʣ˵գкҪΪ̹ף
ﲻǺܽ⣬ŬػһɿڣѯǸ£ˣ
Ǳ߲żأ
šü룬λҡͷӦûˡɡֻǲμӶܵĻѣ֮⣬Ҳδʲô£벻ʲôҪ佻ġ
һۣͷҧһǼ⣬ЦվҪˣΪպգ㲻׼Ϊǰϣ׼죬ǲһϣ
գգۣоԼЩ޹
£ȥ飬˭ǵã
Ϊ»Ҫ֣µѯʺ̹ףˡʶ٣δ
ģ㱻Цˡץס֣ŵ䣬Ŀƣ͹ˣڶ¶ˡ
˵̲סϼίͷ̽ɢľѡ
ѡ֬ζĵĻ㣬Դ˵ζϤζǼ⣬ϰ.̲סɣ°.ȴ
ĥ䣬ޣޣΪˡܹ֮Ƕ߾ȫһЩţ

գգۣϲԾ̺죬ζĽ߾ȫ˻ߣϼ
˲٣ΪҪ
ǵ޷ҹѾǣٴӾΥ.
ò˵ֻǼѾþɳ治һܰѳס
Ǻø
պһ죬踮δˡ
һ磬ԵֻԼܹԵ棬ӵġ
ΥľڸУͷů
Դ붬պֽűԽ³żҲܡ
һڣҲ֪ǷݼڵԵʣÿе֮ǰԹĻҪӾ
Ŀⲻɫ۰ָȻҲΪϰ־гԵʡ
һ˹꣬оԼǺֱܱԿڣΪһ롣

תͷĲϼʾ⣬СѾ߶һ棬ŵǰ
۾ҲҪһ˭ԣ
ģûסգЦҪǱһԼ˳ˡ
ƳһۣãҲ׷⻰ǲƭˣͷӳ꣬ٻʱڴ޵
ףˡ
ſڣĿһī뿪ãһ̾Ϣ
صң¹񣬽õĶȡϸϸ鿴
֪ͲϼһΧ޵ˣ⶷ÿ
Ϻã幤Ҳá
бǷͼֻ⿴žôһɾ˿žͷ̹
⶷ưٸͼһʱʻƳģէһȥȷǱİٸͼţԡ
˲ָḧ⶷ƺͼ̾Ϣһɽľľȡ
ľŵƵҡ[ףǼͬõɫӺ˿ߣ¹еĺɫ·䡣
ָľĦοڣɡ
ദгҲӦȥͼıĴϰߣ֪Էϲõǰ¡
ǰӦԷ
Ӧʱ̽һ㡣

108 
֪˻ҪȰȴѾ¶˾ģɡ
֪ϧӦ, Сĵص, øɾĴֲϸϸ¹
ɿ, ĵˣĲ𣿡
ҡͷ, 򴽲
һͷСѾͷ䣬Ц, ʲô, æʲôæʲôȥɡ
СѾ߼飬Ϊпͳȥģ׷չЦաֻﴽƽǰ, ľȴ
ԽǰʱסԼġҪ̽ġ
һΪ䴩ϺӷӢͦĶ񣬲Ӧñǿڰµһ
磬ȽϿе质, ȥֵ͵ʳ
ʱһ佫д衣
ԺУһ佫ֻŵӣڿտԺؿٲж֡
质ͱʳкСվһ, ɴ۾ϸ, ûһ, ͵С˷ܻǸ׼һӮˡ
Ϥ·质ܹԾǲ֪ԵɵĿͷԽԽ˷֡
佫ȴѾ⣬ˣ˱ѵ춨֡
ûһ佫ͷɿ˳սȦض买ֵ轫֣
չ½ǣƸղֻһ㣬ԷЦ˹ģ鸱־Աϴ˲
鸱˼ͷԼһ˫ƣҡͷ̾Ϣⶼ轫ˡֺʱܹˣͷѹһѩʹ԰ܺܿ϶ĺԤ˵ǳҪѩඡ
ԣ̲סЦ
ϳ֪Ⱦǵ඼׼
ţˣţˣ
ī⽫µݸ䣬ӹⶶ£ϣϵ½󣬲ͷԶ质ͷ
质˷ܵغٺʳСǰףӸˡ
俴һۣãĸ͵ģ
质͵ͷĸ˵գֵĵطЩԶعڱöӹһţһòͼį
һۣҲûЦѵЦӯӯģʳɵÿЩŶӻȥ
质һֹ˹ĸ׼ʳ࣬Ҫ꣬Щѡ
ЦŨ
质ͺڲ䲼úòʳһΪ˷ַź꣬һʵףôû񡣡
ǵ궬죬ÿγžһ졢īߴڵĶ¿ŶûЩϰߡ
ΪԼһůƣͷ봽һ¡
ܵ򴽣겻Ծ𣬰봹۵ӿСӼҼҹôأ㷹ȥ
Һ踮˾һ˶ţӷ׷Ϊ
˪ѩ׼һңһǺɰΪƽĴ·䣬ѡõĶǳɫɫϣŷƣ˵мۣȴƳ˼
佫ӹϸˡ
˪ѩЦӯӯϲͺá
质͵һԼֳдı飬质ϵһɽˮֵ质ֱͣǰԺȡ׼õĴԺ趯
䵶㣬ȴˣ˷׷ֽкá
ĸźелϲף΢ʲôֺƻãʲô
㻶ķΧ£ƲԱ߿˿Ϊ׼ʲô
۽΢ЦºͣδȡȻطʱȡ㿴
ºζڰµ±Щ㣬˹ЦΪڴ
˪ѩ˵ҪһѧС质һ壺ȥһʫ£߲ʫһʫ˵в
ûסЦ质ǰ质ҧ㶼ǻǲֵֺܣ
质Цһ򣬴ˣʫҪѧսҡ
质žƱҿۣûԼҪһߣȤҵȻ͸飬Ǹһˡ
质ǰҪʾܣȴ质͸˳ȥ
˪ѩʱҲڸԵĹãЦ磬㲻ҪżǵЩ
质ǣǵ⡣
ͷûֽʲһϽţͿͿĸĵ⡣
˪ѩǡʡһٳѧߵıѧĿ֮ǰѾĥϹܳʱ䣬ʱĬ
̫簧ݰ⾳׼׼ġ
ⷽĹٷУ质վܹм䣬оʱ䲻á
ı̫࣬Ծ͸һɿ˸ûôעԱߵ˪ѩȫڿ质
质ͷһһʵģûЦ
λƽбʱ򣬵ֻҪ඼Ǻʫйء
ܿ죬˪ѩһձϣ质ǵϻڳࡣ
俴飬ҲȤǸܳɲ
质۾һգɣ
԰գǰտһȦͣ£Ȼת˵ڶȦ
质оԼѾҪЦֱ
质ȴͣ˽ŲͻȻڵ
һʫףǰ޹ģ
ǿȴʫ࣬Ը׳ƻ
质üë΢Ҳ۴档
ʵʫ㲻ϺãΪϽѹùڹȫԣʫ룬Ź质ʫʱĳû뵽ֳʫ
质ͻЩ£质磬ôʫô
质һ£ô㲻Լ𣿡
质ԴӣܹʫҾͲȥ䣬Ǻһ𿼿ƾˡ
Ц֣´ǸʫûʱͿʱԼѹ
质üֽԼղűʫ룬չЦȥҼһȥĸģ˵ϵĸԾҪϰˡ
˹Ц
ɱдʫȥӸˣǻǶ౳֮ǰʫѡ
质ǣ
һСõʮ־ˣע⵽ˮüβüҶȾһ㱡죬;µȾظӻģɼȷʵ
糷º󣬺볤ǣԴѾʹӻȥԼСԺҲĸԷЯȥ
֮βЩ
俴Աů¯Ӽë֣ס͵Ѿˣÿ㣬ڱһӡ
üŨҵľϷʣ˵ʱõĿɲ
ﻹˬʡ˲ٱˡ
һ£һҲЦǻǡǾǶʱ㿿ȡůҿ㽵¡
̧ͷ俴ʱ۵׵飬©һġ
ʵ¹£۵׿ʲôһĶҲ֪ǷǴ
صԷŮѾƲˮźϴϺҡ
ذϣһ߰ոշµͩ¯һ߿ڻǰ
ֱů͹ŻͷһۣڴĿ£¹ȡѾ׼õľӣף»
üһֽľӴ򿪣ŷҡͽ[óһöϸ˿ͣҵ·䣬˷ˡ
ɳһЦϲͺá
԰գͭǰߣȥжͷϵλΡ
֮⣬޶ЦȻأ

109 

˵, 𣿡
ָ˲, װ򶨵͸ͭ, ЦҪʲô˵˵, Уһ㡣
佫ľӷŵһԵϣ, ͷж´ɢǴּĲᰴ, ڣ, 㲻ԡ
򴽣̧Ҫץסָȴס
֪ﲻԣ
ţͻȻоĻŵ
˵, ԼȥԽ, ûȥıϲáӰ˼, ȴֱӿڣΪͿ, ڲ׼͸, ǻһռҸı, ׼͸㸸, Ǵܶܣ

оԼЩꡣ
Ǽȥ⹫ɻûظʱ, ʹճϿˡ
ظ, ﲻʱǼȡ, ҲϹڴôãµͷ˵;ˣ˸£
ĶŲ͸ռ˺׼ϵأ
ͣŶûУ
ʱץסֵѾԽԽͭѾ𽥱Σա

ˡ
ȡ˵˹侲Ȼȴȥ̧žһԱߵĹӣܴһѵ
ᣬղû׼͸ң
ֶ˵ˣȷʵ
ۼԽԽæҪѵ䣬ȴץסšüͷҪ͸ˣ
籡ŨҵľӿȴǷŭҽ
ûûУҡͷ
Զ˶ӣȻƺܴȴּڰѹƷδжۣ΢æͣǶҵȿʱ¹жǺ£ܲϲţһΪɫĶڸʹϰߣӰռͲˣԺʱ㲹һݡ
䣺
ʲô˼
黹ԼԼ
һоԼӦǾƺȶˣЩͷ
ֹһȷԼ΢侲ЩŷԼ¹еһѺ£ͿһΪԼ粵Ϊ򲢷ֻϲ£û¹лɫΪ֮ǰġ
ͷͣˡ
Щɫ·Ǳ¹ײңоڲǼƽʱ򣬻Ƚ˺˵
룬ֽͷϵָ£ǣ¹ߣȡǼŶİϵĻ۽⿪ȡǼ˿µĶ񣺡Ȼ㲻ǲԡ
վԭأûж
֪лڱŤԹԵż⣬ͷƵǰϵϵãͭǰԭ⶷ǰ崩һܺÿڿ֥˲ס
ͷԱŬĵŮӣʣϲҴɫ
Լæҡͷݳڣ۴·ǧԼĴϰ߿Լûи˼
һۣû˵Ƕͭһֽ°һȦɫëϲ˲䣬߻ߡ
һţֱӽŵֱڶڣȵĳ˲Ϯů塣
ȻʱȴδҷɣΪΪֹҲû¶Ц⡣
ÿޡΣðź°Ϸĥڿڡ
һҲǷĥ죬ڣ࣬ϲͺá
ΣůˣŽɿ
Ͻ£һԵ¼ϡ
̧ͷ۵ɫѾָƽ֮ǰǰֲ΢ɡոЩˣǽˡ
佫ЩָģǰϸϸղҲûʹıǣֱָϲްֺۡ
Ȼϲռ䱻֣ϰı䣬£¹еѻһɫϵҲ޷С
ʼʱ᳣ɫ·ҲΪϾֵѪ
ڣеıǣСĿⲻɫİ뺬¶ıݣԺټѪĻ᲻ܶࡣ
ν֮ǰû޲鷳԰Ϊʵһ¹񣬶ɫġ
ˣ㵱룿
üۣȻ֮ǰΪˣɫ㣬޺ҵıǣԺ˵Ļ᲻̫ࡣ
ͷԼ˫Се֣֪뵽ʲôһЦ
ģҲźﵽϵ±£ϵޣΪա
³ľѬҲȾϼ졣
ȻӲ㣬ȴ˼
ִ֣гѵù˳ӣЦ񣺡Ϊ¡
ղŻΪˡ
Ϊص߾ȫ˻һء
̽⣬оЩҪࡣ
УС
봲ʣڴϣϸ۵ůĿ⣬۵ɫ𽥳ˡ
ૣޣԸΪһ㡭
ģϾ۰㣡

գֻ泩ǳ
ﻳй˹ԸＸơ
غ˼𴲴¹񣬴¹·һԴ󣬾ͺıɫۡ
ֶ֮ԾĶϣԾϸϸɰ
һžӣһ̾Ϣ
޵۹ã⶷ĵԽͦΡӢϡ
һɫ۵ŵɫİë߳ʱ;ѾסˣѲߵĻҲˢˢס
ǣ
̫𣬻ǲҪͷ׹䣿
踮Ľˣ쾹Ȼûд£
µүǸ˫ǡ̫ÿˣ
ͬԼǲۻģһ͵䳡质ֵܣԼһֱߵļλ¡
ΪյĲͬѰ֣Сı¶˺ۼѩ˻ȥδκγͷ
质˿ǰһɫ۵ĸףû۾˿
ס쵽ôˣ
ò˵ɫ䣬ϵɫΪ˼˵ĵĮ֮ԭȣ˵ߡ
ÿڸûгȥͶͱ߻Ҫ֪
质踮˼꣬δ㷴ٶͻȻ㣬̲ס⡣
俴סСӣ˹£һ¼ϣӣԼϵġۡͣ˶ЦŸʲôѧ͵ˣ
质Ǻ质ҡͷ͡
质ȴûסֱʳ˿ڣף·ˣͻȻôһСӣӻЩϰߡ
۾Ц⵴ĸôңû취ֻ˸ɫ·ϡ
质ˣ
治ϲӦ֮߸·䣬ǽвϲ
ĸģ幤á
״ԽӢͦĸ۹á
͵ؿһۣһ
质ˣ
Сǰҫĺ
һ˲䣬˶ŵζ
֪бʲôЩˡ
߳һµͻȻĻ˴·ͼУԭΪѾɫϰ˵ĴСϱǣˡ

110 ϰ
ֵֻ·, ڳôһȦ, Ͳ֪˶ٰ·ˡ
׻˵ĺã, ˹Ľ
ԭȣҲ˹ŵģ߳ĺ, Լ֕i, ֵòԡ
ڣһɫĽ˷֦ͷңɵѩа÷ҡҷ
֪䴩һ뿪Ϣʱ, 𴲺̸˵ġ
Ѿŵ뿪ʱ龰, ԺвȻͨڴϵĹ˳ģ, Ī, ļһȡ
˼ĵͿһ, ۲ת, ǿԼת˼, ˵ȥⷿѡɫĲ, ү·
̸˾ϲ, 棿
͸о, ƾүǰòȫ¹ḻЩ, Ϊүֻϲ, еǶоԼĲ⵽, û֮ء
ڷ˺ү˿ڣŲĦȭƣҲתƳ෽׷ţȻһҪȥǱߴմ֣Լ
һò˰үȴûкúô磬⸮еѾĵ׶ѹ˶ϧ
ظһμһɫ۵ģʹ׼ʱ̲סһҡҷ
ע⵽ɫ۵Ц⣬Ͼ޳ָ⿪˹ǰĿ⻬һǵ±ˣټ죬ţ
򴽿˵û룬ղֻڴ͡
ͼ¶һĨ˳İʾЦ⡣
ӵֲһвȡ
⣬ȷʵЩˡ
ּգĿˮԺڴϹԽг
ÿ㵽УҲЩʳ֪ζ
£Կ
һ磬￴ʹӽ质Ǻ质һ͵ԺΪʵƣֻСһ
һ˯ȻѣɫѾ
̸֪æȥź򣺡ˣ۵ˡ
踮ռȷʵ¶࣬ڵһԣҪһ¡
ȵ±ϣܿ
λѾߵǣͷ΢˺
ʵΪڴϺֵ̫Եʡ
ò˵ȷʵһɶصħڴ϶ô׳嶯ˣһֵĵУЩѿزסԼ
һûסϣͷšһ顣
ϣЩġ
룬ڳǰ϶뵽һԼ㲻֪߳ܵģ
Ϊĳ˵Ķģջ󵽣żԼѾҪեɣҪƣ۵Ӽϡ
ֱΪֹ
Ҳ泩
ٴ̧ۣѾָƽյ񣺡ȥĸǱûûУȥǱ߲һ١
ǣˡ
质Ǻ质ĸ迼ǰģ糿볡ϳĲۣȴйҹ졣
У踮µЩֱϣ质Ǻ质ӻظڣɳһ
ԸСǸԺ̧ȥˮúϴһͽȥһЩ׿˻ź˱㲻ٶ˶Ӵš
ܹҲˣʣµĽܼˡ
˵Ժл󣬶ԣ˷ӦûСʣµľ͵ȥռҸСǿС
ԣΪǿģת̾һЩ䣺ȳɼǾҪ뿪ͼˡ
ÿÿ뵽㣬ͽǲѡ
俴ǷģûסֱӰӵϣΪǰֵ䣬Ǳұ˵һϢ׼ϲЦա
ʲôϢ档
źţζָźˣһ㡣
ͷ΢̧۲ɫֽ̧§ȥ
һͨ𽵹洺ذſϡ
£֮Ĺϵ˳Ľչ
ϵ˺ܶ࣬żܴУƼһĳԣȻ࣬ȴоһ
ϢȺḧϸ񱳣ż£ЦԣǰȥĳѾ˽õϢ˵һ±ʱҾͿܻᱻǡҲ˵㲢ҷֱ̫ãҺܿסһˡ
صɴ۾棿
ˮһֲۣ£ЦȻ档
ＤرסļϷԵشšһ£Լˬ.ĵֱȣ壬̫ã̫ˡ
ˬͨ죬˳ؽͷ䣺ȻôãǾٶ¡
ǣո**ЪĴ齣ٴλζ
󣬸Գ质Ǻ质ڰϡ
质װ质Ұʮߣˣ踮λͯ
ĵգ踮˺ܳʱıڣĸֵúϲ£졣
佫֮ǰͳŵ˵ġض⡱͡顱͸ˣԸ֮ѧϰģҲܹöһ㣬ض⣬顣
лס
质Ǻ质ӹϲʤ
Ա˪ѩҲ˵ĺΪöֱļ򸣽ᣬϸգ൱Ư
ϲ硢硣
Цϴϰûд죬һθϰ񣬲ʹһ
仹û˵ĸͣãܸãһһҪ졣
Цĸһۣ˹ͷҵҲˣȨϯһ죬ʡ֮Ҫٷ϶鹦򡣡

ϯһ
¶ȻˣҲĬĬĹ񣬲质质Ԥһ͸ͬǽ׾Ѷһ飬־ٰһ硣
Ϊľ˼ң֮ǰֵѿҲӦ֮С
֪Ĺϵһ첢δϳ֣岻ãڼоĽڸƴˡ
ȫбϯϣŲԶһЩŹϲԭû⣬ǹϲֻͳԷû˵
Ȼȴδ룬ȵλ뿪һʱȴԶλٵĽ̸
Ǳ߶Ϣˣ轫϶ᱻߡ˵ǱߣвΪ˹轫λãöͷˡ
ļٵģǶðΪʲôҪŹ
ɵ˰ɣͼ߾뾩ǽ·һ£ϻÿ轫ʵֲԶ뾩Ȧӣɲǵͷ
ǲǣ˵ʲôһλ˽̸Ҳչ廰轫ҪˣҪȥô֪
˵Ҫȥƾ轫Щ϶ǵˣҺ˵Ϣ׼Ͳˡ
ԶԶԣҲ˵ˣһλ߹ӦҲ⼸ˡ

ȫһ£ڿн飬۾˲󣬺ʼ١
ǿǾǰ
ǽŮڡ
иտʼȣ˵ĻֶȻԺͷһˮͷؽ
ԷھΣǺܻܿḸŮΣܹԷǲ׼˪ģ򵱳Ҳǰʩѹʾ
ȫӣһʨͷڴڵسš
иɥûϢ۵ɣƭأ
Ѿ˸ң˵Ҳһİ
ȫ˼룬о¶ô붼ԣ룬Ա踮һλ뿪µĹȥ
质ţͲβĽŲ
üһ壬Ѹٻͷͼȫ
æ񣺡ү

111 
ȫЦе򣺡͸, ò, ӵǰ÷ɿ죬ۼ, ҪȾүүˡ
质Ϳȫͬյ̬ȣֱֹϺٺЦǰߵʱ, ɲһһ
ȫΪȻŵͷ, ѯʣԭȶڳʱãֻҪ룬ԺǾͲ׼ˣһЩ᲻á
质Ͳ֪ڲʲô, ˵Щӻү, Ծ, Ŷյż, һܿġ
ԷſСס, ǻ, 鷳Ļ, ˵ڡ
ȫָ˲, ϲ¶ɫҲ, ܹȥ, ͼҲԶҾ͸Ƕдд, ͼز
质һ, ҲûƴǣӴ, ǸãͶлүˡ
ȫ۲质͵ķӦԾɴ۾ࣺȻģ
Ҫˣ
*
ռǱߣһҲǰ
踮μĴգҲ˾ؾٰһϯѡ
С۹ĸߣȤЦ˵ŮҲҪȥʲôòġ
￴ĸǵĿЦ⣬ĸιȥ븸ۣбǿĵģҲЦǿ̫ˣϾҪطˣŮҵ̫ˡ
ʲôҵŮŮŮãԼײġĸŭ¡
ͱĸĸ첲Ŵֱ֡
ռҵϯû죬һĵռװóϼһʲǨǡ
һ磬ͱȥռУһֱ͵ͼ⣬ǰٶ׼龰ﻹûסĸֺۿ
ĸ˸Ůģ᲻ˣɸֵʲôأ˵ŮҲҪ⼸ڼҾͽⷿĶúһЩʱòģھͷǱ߰ᡣ
ѾͷΪҼ򵥰һ׮׮һģأϽæɱ鶼Ƶ棬ʱĸ֡
Ӳ۾ʵˣһȥͿʼ£ⷿʲ
˾ͱޡ
Ҳޣʹ
ĸ޴ĿģЦˣæתƻ⣺ھǵլۡʲôλã˵˵
ദʱǶݣĸҲû̫ã㱻͵ĹѴϡ
ȵĸӦ꼸ɫȻ磬֣һת
Уĸ븸վһϧģƽַ֣³
ԵĸУĬĬͷв޶ٱˣɳһ
Էұ㲻ʣ¶ٸ飬ҪװϧоҲͦ۵ġ
ϾҪ뿪ˣá
ñվͼͤУѾԶȥռҵĳ𽥵䡣
ЩǴСһ𳤴ˣڣǶҪ뿪ˡ
˻һʱԽʱ˸С
佫뻳аοģ˵ˣҵְܿҪ𣿡
˵ͷ֪ģֻ˸еһʱЩƲס
ȥﾫЩá
ΪǻУҲûֻǽڻУѵĵıߡ
ȻˣһĵҲδ˿⡣
գﳿɲǺܺãλѾ߼״̬Щż׼ڹȰͼһӴ˽밲
£
طˣҴүŷ˵ҪСһ档
С㣬Ϊ˪踮ǰŵ
Щɣ˾˿˵ʲô£
δֻ˵С˵ϼ仰
ﴹü룬ͷп֪ͣȥ͸˵һȵǰȥӴһү˪ʰԺȥ
֪ͷӦˣһ𣬴Ҵת뿪
˶ˣԱСֹҲ֪λҴˣչΪ¡
Դϴֹ踮д󲿷˶û˺øС
ۼáָǼɣʱԼҷ֪ҪԶٿء
ˣҴô˵Ҳ˪棬ԷѰ¡
Ȼ̽ŮģӦλĸԸǴȫ
ԸһʲôĶţҪ˾ҲҪ˪ѿ
ǣˡ
Ӧ£첽ȥԸ
ϼûоģקӣšüСȰպͽ綼ûʲôʲôǳԵģūڱóȥ
Щͷһ˼⣬ڣҰ˽ӡ
ϼ룬ʱڣ˵ڵҰˣȴЩǵóǱϻٵЩģ
Ҳ֪Ұûô죬ҲûΪ˵˼˳ŲϼĻĿڣǱŪЩɣθһЩθڲá
ϼֱϲ
˵ԭҲ֪ԼθڲãȻĵ飬һҪ÷˶Щ
ǰԺ䳡У质ͽӵϢë˲ϵĺȥˮϴ˰㼱ҴҵػԼԺ任͵ѣŸ
质λҴүʵδ棬֮ǰλֳ칦ϵĽ̸˵˻˵һΡ
֮ǰȫӡҪôڴ̽϶õϢҪô׼̽·ϡ
Ҳˣȫ˪Ĺģ̵ӡ
ȫ质Ҳ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôɴ˵˪Ľ
үܻ֪ڹһֱǳ̿࣬һ겻ѧ˹٣ϵ˲֣ŮҲΪǰһ׻н
质Ϊ˴αɳ͵Ϊ˻Ծգʾ֭˪е㣬ȫȴδʮȫ̱㬣Ĳɡ
ȫЩ϶ܸˡ
ϾŮѧԽֵ࣬ԽɫԺϻػʼңΪһͻӡ
ڣȫԴǰЩظҪǰϢ󣬾Ľƣշתࡣ
ûƭ˪һֻǸƷԱ֮ŮΪӵݣԺǺޣݲݼ˴򷢳ȥз
ֽ¹ȥ˿һ꣬Ծ޷ܡ
ڣԵϣ˵˻ѣԽ룬ԽжŲɡ
ҹ˯СĵشӴߵİͳöīͬĿۡ
öīͬĿۣλ߹ӸŮµ֮öȥֵ̼һǧ
ҲΪȷöͬĿǻӵ֮ȫЩôȱӣҲû潫ⶫȥǮ
öͬĿã׻˾˽踮֮С
ȫ˾ڸһľ֡
ӮˣŮǻѪջ棻ˣҲʧöʱīͬĿ۰ˡ
ҴϹϵ˭Ըɿգ

112 ͣ
质߶߶˵һ˪״, ε䳡
Щؿǰ, 룬Ҳű͡
ܹĸ, Ҳֻվһ³˪õˣԿɹˡ
, ڸ, Ȳ衣
ܿ죬СŽүС㵽ˡ
质۾Ƽ˪ŴϲԶԶ˽
, 游
质, ȫֵү, 㵽, , һ
ȫʱѾ, 质͵ͷЦ˱鷳͸ˡ
质뿪, ȫŵһǰŮ
˪ĳŮֻһ˿, , , Ҳ踮Ϸˡ
ò񣬾Ӷ˸ʮʮ, ӡƯС
ȫ˪, ۵׿һĨ, ̧ۣѾЦƣһһ꣬겻ѾǴˡ
˪Щӵصͷϸϸ游ޡ
ȫЦһѾ߷˪һԵ£ЩŵĦīͬĿۣЦѯʣ˪ڸΣ
˪ԣûڣЦ۾游Ļܺá黭гĸ׶Ǻܺãȥ껹ΪһλŮɰҲ֮ǰģոճʱصش游
˪˷ܵ߬ӣϸԼȫ㱵ͷ
Ȼûôȥ֪ӹòӡ
ڵ˪ҲȵԷѪݽӻңĸҪǿöࡣ
ĸˣȽִ֣㲻Ҫһʶȫ룬ǾҪ˪ҵĲӡ
̫۰ˣԴλ͹餱ݻȥ;ϴ棬رǵ⿴ĸʱ򡭡
Ҳ֪Ϊݣأֻܹڳ⡣
ҼҾȲ踮ĸ˸Уĸ׵ļױҪأĸһĹأǮʵҲδõط
˪̧ͷȫ۵׾ǳ࣬ϵϱ֮ǰֶӣһҲҲδйֹĸġ
⻰Ϊ˵̫飬ϸᡣ
֮ǰǹֹġ
ĸĸ׼޹һ¾͹£Ūû
ĸ˼Ĵڣѿ
游͹־֮ǰԼ̫Ӧá
ĸǧĸĸȴֿġ
ԣĸ϶۰СĸԼܺĸŮ
ŮТûΪ￼ǵô࣬游ȥ󣬰˪ĸǸ˪ӣڡ
Ȼһĸͺ£ֻܹתǸеġ
ȫСŮ۵׵ĳγֿ۵ɫԽӸӡ
ݲݵص˵ͷͷһ̾Ϣ
˪ʣ游֪ΪҪ𣿡
ﲻĹ餾ͿԴҵĹأ⡣
ȻˣΪҪӦһ£ϾΪһ㣬˼˼꣬⡣
Ϊӣ
ȫ
촽ȲĽ¶ƵϣŮʹɫԼԿҲǰҿǲɴŮ׷ס
չûԵ֣Ů㲻ҪϹ롣
˪ššϸüЩ⣬ʣȫѾͷеöīͬĿȡ˪ϣĸΪµģǹӿܾҪ뿪ͼǣ㽫ţôҲ
˪һ£еͬĿۣСԾãʽӴ͸
游Īǡ
͸ĸģ
ĸ׼͸ףȴδüͳȥġ
ȫ֣Ĳ²⣺ǣĸصĶ㵽ǺҲͲʲôֵǮͬĿ˵ЩЩҲЯôҲĸһƬ⡣
˪㶵ģԴԺЩӦ뻹ûסСѯʣǸ͸ĸģ
ȫæҡͷ޹أʱĶ㲻ҪϹ롣
˪ŶһССֽöīͬĿս
ǾӦĸ׼͸ףȴδͳȥġ
ͷīɫͬĿۣ۵ĪЩɬ
֪ģһὫⶫúպá
ȫ׷ʣҲɳһպãȥ˾Ǻû¶ϴֻע⣬ǧҪ㸸Ƽ
˪΢ȫ۵׵֣أȷ֮ǰĲ롣
ȫ̲ס˪ģ游ͷĺˡ
ȫ
ȫ֪Ůʲô˪۵׷ġжˮĪЩ顣
ⶫŮǶŮжãǻѰ˼
Ȼãʥϣ̫ӱϺһֱδ¶´
һ˪λܹлϴ󱦣Ǽ˪ֻһԷϵŮҲӦܸϲٺô
ֻҪöͬĿ۹ϣᱻӦÿ˿
һľ֡
ֻʧһҵǮͬĿۣӮȴӮؼټǧͬĿۡ
ⳡľ֣ˡ
*
˪ǰԺصԺ黹Щ䡣
֮ǰȥԷϽԺķȥˣδȥǰԺ˪ʹϲһʼЩϲһ˪ɫͶپãæϲһѯʡ
ǴԺĹ裬ϲȻû
ϲ˵꾭ֻԴһаһȫϲȴѸñ飬˪ԡ
нŵöīͬĿۣһǰ˪ūղʰⷿʱ˼ȤС뿴
˪̧৵һ¾
һ߬öīͬĿۣһץסӣʵ裬˵׵굽ΪҪݵôϲ
裺
оԼͷЩ
С㣬һôүǰ˻ֻС棬ϲ
㿴öͬĿۣõģﵱʱΪ˸ףΪĸ˪һ߿سҭһִŵȻ൱⡣
һٴνµȫ˼顣
ҵǸ仧ҵףŴ踮ҰôͬĿۣ
˵ʲôȥ˾Ǻϴȥ̸ȶ
Ȼû˵ǣСѾڵؿܲС㣬С㣬ϲˡ
һ࣬ˮ˪ǰʲô¶զզģһҲء
ûһĴ˽ϲ裬ϲˣǷ˱ϲˡ
ϵһɣЦ⣬ȻЦȴûάֶã
æתͼԭˮ˪ʱϢɲסĺˮһʰ
ֱҪ˪ˣҵСӰڿɲǿ޵ʱ򰡣ϢӦȥԺеϲȥҪһֱޣǿɾˡ
˪۾޵ʲֹҡ֪Ҿͣͣء

113 
Է, ʵҲΪԼСθż, ˵ʱԸҪθЩġ
Ҳܶ˼ϸϸľϣŸ˿ס⽴΢΢һɢ˿, ֻž;ÿθý
ζջ, ѵθڴ󿪣ؽ˸ɾ
ϼϲ, ŵڷⲽʳ, ЦŽ飺ˣ, ūߣ
￴Լⷬ״̬, ҲЩЦҲãٳԵȷʵЩˡ
԰գǰң׼һ˫Ь
ȴھڽǹϵ޹ʱ, üҲԽšš
˵յѬôˣζ̱ǵý, һſڣոճȥõĶ˳
, ѾǶˡ
, ū˳ȥ, ɱΪ
Լڵ״̬Ҳܲ죬ڵˣǸղűѬζǺˣҲ࣬
֪ͲϼæȰ˻ôû⣬ūҲܰġ
һ˵ţһſڵСѾͷ͵͵ƣϽŷֹǰȥ
СѾͷæ⣬ܵ÷ɿ졣
Цá
ϸ룬Ҳûֹ
ȻоԼû⣬Ӧþůͣһʱ᲻񣬸ղŵŻ¸⣬ȻǵģҲ޲ɡ
ΣһλɽϴһѾǵע£ӽִϡ
ЦϲˣȻǳӦһСϢʳҲעЩº󣬿ѰϷΪȷ
Ϊϴ˵Լ念סˡ
һĻԼҷǲѾǣҲסˡ
ȻӵѾǷӦȴ죬ܿһϲõС
ϲˡ
ϲˡ
ֵֿǣæǰϴѣ˷лϴ鷳һˡ
ϴɰĺȣ֪ӦһϲǮ׷ҩֻʳϵĽɣһݵӣԹο
ǿ̫ˣ
ϴųȥˣϼϲΧߣС£ҲЩ̵ѾǴģ˵³˼죬ڶûūھȥǱһ飬ԺԷʳȫҪиı׼
˵գһһ˳ȥ
֪ҲȥſڣȥԺϷ˱ϲ
룬ֵһСѾͷȥͲ̹ܼ˵һѰһС˸үϲ
õģ֪㡣
һж̸꣬Ѿϴ˱ӣ˵ӣԱ߹Ҳں˹̺ͼһźˮѾ߶ţС
ʱ𽥻Ǻ֪ظ¶Ц⣬ոջɣڸ˷Ǯãǵȵºٷ
æֹ˵̥ǰ̫þ̥ꡣһϲǮҪԷͷϲʱСӾͲˣȲŵԺٷ
Ѱ˼һͷ
ЩҲǺܶոӵϲãһСΪϡ
ȥԺϷˣǮֺĸһЩ֪ʶģԷߺǺú˵һ˵
ϡ
УС˵Ļ㱨ԺвԾհһ˲
Ȳ˵ڱҲϲ︹еĺӣֻ⺢һѪãͷͬһ㡣
нոոĵι𴽽ǣɼ⺢Ǵģ˫ϲš
һߣĸк󣬼ֱ˷ܵС
ȥСúͷ滹ԸܵԷŶϱĶһٵ߶
ʲôóԣʲôóԣʲôʲôﶼûмסĸ˷߶硣
ĸ޷ʵڰסԼ˷飬ŵشһƱѾ߳ңúϢԼ߶󻻳źļŮ
ɵŮҲ൱棬һһȺദҲǺг
ֱ߶ǿˣĸſԱ߹ϲѩôԼˣ˪أ
ѩգգһϴϷʵЦ⣺˪ĸ׵ϲѶǸˣȴԼĲȾĸףҹʱӦûڴԺмֱء
ĸɫźÿһЩȻˣʱͺú밲ˣô۸ҡ׼߿Сġ
ѩЦӦһŮԺת˪á
ĸص˵ͷԼԽѩѾͷԽ˳ۣһС˾
ȵ˯ѣĸֶǮֶиһף˵֮ǰڹʱչ˹һλӵءʱ䣬ǮֵԺźʲôģֻ
ллЦ󣬡ϱⷽ涮ʵڲ࣬ǰ˶ϱæ
Ӵ˵ﻰڻУǼҵСﲻ˭ʲô˵ó
Ұ죬˼ϱЩҰˡ
ˣҰˣҰˣҰ˳񵰣Ұ˰ӽӣͲˮ
ĸζоԼҲЩˣϾͷԸȥֶЩ¶԰Ұ˶أ룬ҲЩǸζˡ
֮ϱһ緹ѩҲڣҲûأֱԷùźߡ
ϯ䣬ѯ˪ôûѩֽ֮ǰ˵˵һ飬Ц֮ǰָɽʱͿһֹסӦȥοο¡
ѩЦӯӯͷǡ
ĸһֱԷڰۼŶӿˣ뿪ֻޣǶʱ糿ͱȥǱ밲ˣû¶Ҳᾭ
ûĸûŵĿʲôųϱԺܵ棬ȫָ
ֻҪԺÿ쵽ԷܹŶϱеС˵С
ƴ䣬ĸ̬ȼŵͷӦ¡
ԷʱͿǰ˷ס㲻żߡ
ãüۼ죬˼̲֮ס¶Ц⣺¡Ҳ֮ǰûע⣬鷱࣬һʱͽˡ
佫ãڼǵЦһֱû£СȻΪ㹻Ŭⲻͽ̥㲻õ˰ɡ
ÿϵĺ֣Щߺ죬ϸ룬ҲŬԵʣͷ
һס̲ס΢΢
ѹⲻʱ˵.ãḧƤЩϧСһ̫磬еЦޣҶʱѡúáҽյͽӵϢɼǸŹء
Ǿϲôˣ
ѾˡǼҾͿǱߵլӰ˶Һ߽ӵĹԱ̥꣬ҲӦ£ó

114 Ӧ
踮Ҳռ鷳
Ϊ, 踮ԼھǾլӣ
Ǵլӻǰȥְʱµ, ԭֻ, ǰ£ϾѵǰķԴ
ԴȷԼĵְصǾǺ󣬽ûм⡣ڵõϢ󣬽ɵǱߣլӵɺ
ⷿǱ, ǰ, Ҳסʣµ, ұһ, ͹ȥһ
ЦʱֺǮְ㣬󣬿ɱš
û, ѾǾͽʳ
䷢ֲϳһԵķ, ʣµĶҰˡ
Ұ, Ұ˳, Ұ˸, СҰ˽ӡ
òʱ, еߵҰˣߵʳ, һӶδ
𹫿, һҰ˳, 濪ڣҽͬ˵иڻʱо˾ͶЩųȹǮʱҪ֮ǰȥ⣬
ռ踮ʱﻹһλӯԲԭе˫°ûˣҲݵԲ޹ϵĵز
˵ûݵʱµϸˣȥܸоΪʱԶ
õģܷġ¹غӣһǳСģġ
ɸֵͷΪ˵ҪԼ
ͷȴδȥһ˼žΥҰʳ
ٷΪҰθڴ󿪣ʵõҲࡣ
ˣҲҺȰֻóǱ߱Щʳ
ʵϣϳԵöǺθڵģҲԺǶ˳
ǮָСѾǽлûгɾ޹ȫߣڶЩ̣ķӦԺЩ
䲻⣺ΪЩ޹к
ǮҡͷиʱȽЩζǿܻоĴ̱ǣŻ¡
ʱ䣬˾סУЩ޹֮Ļȼʵڸоζ嵭ͷżѬѬӡ
˵ͷͷűѾ߲ǰ˷סô벻Щ
ɫ԰׵ҡͷθڡ
ҲôЩӣʲôھóȥ
εššüŬ˰ΣɿڣǾɡ
ֻҪࣿ
ټϸͷ
䣺ȥ¸˶
ǣү
䣬质ͺ质ʫ质ͻ㱨ĺϢ˶Ǿϲġ
̫ˣĸ÷ˡ质ϲ
ϷƽڣҲƼֹһĸĶӣɼãϷǼġ
ǸСܵ׼Щʲô质ü˼
֪֪质Ա˷ܵ⻹ǽҡͼĴ¿⣬ǿԺһѺЩĳƣƺúпȾžŰʮһ˸պÿȡ񡣡
质ͬáֻƾˣСܻû֣ȥҲʲôҲдȥ¥һѺõĳΣ
λү裬ԣСĸղųȥʱŴ˵ĵҲˡȥ£֮󻹵ûͼȡ᲻Щ鷳
质һԴԶԶԣ׵ĵѾˣҽ¶ˡ
质һסѯʣˣַȷǾǣ
ͷǾǣΪƷ۳嶼ξ˵ѾҪ½½Ǳ߰ˣǶ뿪ͼƴ¡
质ǴЦ󣬵ʵûסֿǡ
质ֵ磬ôЦôġ
£质æΣʵǶԾѾãңǿ۳嶼ξʥϽʦĸΪ
质Ҳף˷ܵĦȭƣҵʱҲ˷ܵУԺҲܻ쵽ǸزⱲӿɾֵˡ
˱ϵı鶺֣Ц
Цֹ质飺ˣͼ߽ʽãȵǺ󣬿ȥǵռ⡣
质Ǻ质룬ʾͬռҲãռҲ൱õɮǵĻʵ۶ȥݡ
ɱֻӼλʵ۵Ĵ³ˡ
öһ·ӣԤ֮Ҫȥռ¿ǮʣµǮһЩĽҲ㹻
˽ȡ룬质ͻȻһԴ¶Ҫ˪ѩһ𣿡
质Ǻ质Ĭͬ˰ɡ
˵ûðѩˣ˪ǿ
ܽһ¡
ɹùѧϰڸڷչ˲ٰṩߵһ质͵СһظԺһ˵˪СڻڴԺпޣѾһһˣڻûͣ
Ȳ֮ǰй˪СĴǼ٣ֻһĸоͶһ㣬ܲǾͲǡ
质ͷǽſ޵¶֪Ϳһں˵Ϊȥĸףżÿֹ
̯֣ϵȷʵСĸоһܱȶһºá
ķԺУѩתǰԺϢЩͷۡ
ԭĸ׻УǺܿĵġ
һദܹоλĸԴȺͣݴȣҪһǣĻ⡣
һ˵ֻҪ²ˡĴ踮еӶȵ˲ӡ
ǣ͵ƫƫ˪ܸȡ
һĸ׻УͿֹΪĸв
֮ǰǴԺĺ軹ҵǰû취ֻܰ˪ǸѣһԷһˡ
ǰԺһɨСѾߴϢΪ˪λֳΪСܵ׼ʱų⣬̲סͷ
裬˵ôġѩûסѯʡ
ĲҲԱѩǧͽȥ˪СһȻڹȥˣģ϶ȥʱжԶԶǧýˡ
ѩڴ󿪵Ĵԣ⿴Ժķ򣬵ͷ裬õġ
ϧڵһֱΪŬӪţܲԸⷢκ⡣
ס֣£֪ҵģҲСϷҲûзʸ񡣡
̾Ϣһѩֵѩ˵һѵĻΪĲֻҪֵúЩѧĶѧˣԺ˿϶Ϊһżҡ
¼ȻУʱ䣬ͽһЩӤõСͷñСǶ֮Ķѧȵ֮ǰ׼һõóֵģʱСү񣬷˱׼ʲôˡ
ѩͷǰΪ裬չЦǱ鷳ҡ

115 
, ѩĻģ踮⼸, Ҳõ
Ȼżҹʱ, ỳһѾģūͳȺ׾۰Ҫѧʵ
ڻţһµݣö, Ҳᱻ˷Ӵס¥
һһʼʮִǵĸ, ʱ, ĸѾ𲽵, ʮ֪㡣
ΪйʧȥԲŻӾ£Ҳϧ
ΪڵŬȻҲϣδҸ
˪Ǳ, ͱʱȾԶ֮ˡ
Ժ, ˪ڷ۵ٻ, һһرߺˮ, ᡣ
ʹϲҲ֪֮ǰǸϵȻŪȥ, ˪, ϶˵Ĵ⡣ˣǽϢڴԺ
ֻϧ, ʹϲз, ϢѾ, Ǳ֪
оԼ챻ͺͷǰŮ˪γ̾˪Ҳ֪ӿãΪλҪޣۿЪЪɡ
˪ͷӽϵˮҡҲģҾ̲͡סޣء
裺
һǺϲĸ׵ģûõ˼̲͡סǶ˵
迴һһҭ˪С㣬۵һ˿ɫ
˪ֿ˺һˣ
Σ̧׵˫ۣϸ裬ڸоرТ
Դ󣬾ûȥݹڣĳ⣬ҲһҲûȥݹ˵ĸ׻ĸ˵ȥһǻ𣿡
裺
ĿҪ˪ˣȰ裺ҵĺС㣬ǧõôˣūϷֱӽͼǣȥ
ϷڿǺòײŽȷ˸ˣǧˡ
˪ģûסΪʲôĸΪôˡ
ȥ֮ǰһֵƵͬĿۣȴʲôûݶޣ衭
ЩѣԴ޵Щͷۣ룬ҧūȥСݡ
ҡһҪһλ
裺
ءҪһһλҿ͵͵ģ˭Ҳ֣ᷢء
費ǺӦ˪ģ˵Ҫ
ҷֺĺԼó͵ɣһҧУ
Խûúټֶãܿ죬ϲͶһҩܽˣ
ϴ˪Ϊÿ󣬺ڷǰʱ뵽ĵӡ
ϲݸ˪С㣬Ȼޣͽҩˣ˯һͺˡǧ̫ʱ䣬밲ʱ˿۾Ҳý
˪򴽣ͷ
˹룬ҡҷŵԼˮ̲סһֽ̧ҩһں¡
ڳķڣԼսܸµףĸףˮ̲סøˡ
˪£֮պһֱĵֱûλ˪С̸ɳһ
ţӦǵıܹúãδȥԵʡ
ֹ֮˼գ˪Ĵߴ£׻˪˽Ǯ˲ֽǮȥСϵķڣǰյ˪߶ŵЩһҲû˵ڵġ
ֻǵֽǮҪ꣬ŷڣһ̾ϢҲӦ֪Ƕ˪Сõġ飬Ͷӻ˪СһЩҲһЩ
˵꣬㻺ϥͷſտյתȥ
ȥ˪СԽԽһʰ
ʲô£ǿɾ˵ʲôˡ
֮죬ֽС϶Ƶλȡ踮ˣһֱ˪ڿ
ˣɳһ
æѧϰµͷ˪һԺеĿⷿʲΣ׼͵ǡ
ں迴֮ǰ˪˼һǲæµԵʡ
ֻҪææûһоͶ
ǰԺ鷿У˶ԺĻ㱨ʾ¡
۾븮λŮݵıŮһһ뷨Ժ𽥳ͣձһһشɢѹ¡
գ̾Ϣһ
ϾҪȥˣʥƤӵ£ҪСΪϡ
Уӻǳδ
ոոǵռһˣﶼѰ˼ӦøոյִﾩǣæŰøۡûпУҲûǴѶ
ֻǾУռ˸֪ϢľŹȴЦüۡ
ڻµϣһḧԼ¡ĶƤһСЦԶӣ֪һģ֪űϱھͽδϱ·ԡ
ھŹһ˼룬źĹŮѾСֻ֣϶໨ЩľЩһѾ
ϱͶϱΪҪǱġ
ŹεһۣϱôÿԼ˯ѵؿշɣ
ǣԺĶӷ
ϱȢΪ˸ӱ
һоԼδֱضԶ
ӦΪδӽûϱΣķǶÿЩȻδϱҪ
ֶصĽʽҲ˹ˡ
̾Ϣһǩһö͵޴ϣº󣬲üɻڵھֻ¶һ£ȴֱڻΪãﳩδϱ룬ʽǱҪδ
ھְһ¼䣬˵佫ǻһ𣬵ƾɫɱ˲ٹ
УŹһȥʥϳ飬ϣ¼ޡ
һɫǧټżҪΪԼĻ֮еһԱ
¾ŹǱ߿롣
ŹšüʽΪˣİ֣ϸЦԣôУôаɡֻҪ˵δϱĶ

ΪԼҹѾִҲôм⣬⻰󣬻¶ż
ڿҽĹ龹Ƶ׵
Ծٴ̧һҪúñ
*
һ̥ԴӱȷڷӦЩ
˲ͷؽᣬѷǳҲܵ޵ز
ټϣճ¡оԼڵÿһ춼Ǽ尾
ÿԷеѾΪϵ㶫ǲġ
ʱﶼŬسˣǵӶڸд˶ãͶֱ³˷ֻÿճЩͷգҲᵽС
ڵ״ǵǡ
ÿÿʱͳɤպ壬ЩЧȴ΢΢
˵Ե٣ʵµ̫࣬ǻڵء
һʱﻹѧҵ٩ڶСģϵķŵġ
ỷסѾ˵ϸšüСλãɼǸТ˳ġ

116 
°صζ, æȣ⣬ӻңС, Ů, ڷӦǿҡ㿴, ǲǶТ˳ɼӦ֮, 뺢ϵ
ü΢, ջĿ⣺ǿɱһ, ն벻ˡ
һۣ뿿ϣЦ
俴Ľ޵, ü͡
֪Լûз, ʱУԼĿ, ȷʵЩ㺡
ȻռǿңҲΪеСһЩУԾϲѡ
Сĵսϵ, ڻУûסأ
öӲİǰ, Ŭô, ڽ˿һ, Կòһǡ
ڴöСȫչʱζжô
һҪ
ºʰæµ֮࣬ϱ˵ǳˣԭЩӣۿɼٶȥ
ԭ٣ȫ󣬸Ƕһֳ֮
ţ˳Լ˼֮ס
ĸԽԽÿģ˽ֹ˵޸лŵӦŮ
ı飬С̽ϷϲŮ
ĸ룬ҡͷҲǲϲֻЩʧŮҲܱʲôûкá
ֻҪҵѪҵڣŮС
ˣĸֻһӣٴԼͶע̥С
һ̥Ůܻһ̥Ӧ̫ѹ
תʱ䵽£ů㣬ٻš
ʱ踮пⷿͼԺĴ󲿷Ʒ˾լۡ︹е̥Ҳȡ
볯ĽְλĸһŻöʺϰǨеĺӡ
ĸԿտ˲ٵķ䣬һ̾ϾҪˣ⻹Щ᲻ء
ĸͼˣһͼδйԶ롣
ҲоݲᣬֲϾҪҸĸֵϲãȰĸǱ⼸գúڳߡ
ĸЩĶϸ룬ɥҡͷڳסô꣬ȴгŵʱڰңڸڶҲˡ
һ꣬ЦʵֻҪǼҡĸףģܻԽԽõġ
ĸԣĿ̲סĸ䣬µü̲סûҵСܻԽԽõġ
˵꣬룬æ䣺ȻŮҲŮҶϲ
֪ͣģ
ӳԺʱԴԵЦ⡣
ȥС鷿ĸд˷ţԼеĺϢд׼뿪ͼǵʱ䡣
дżãݸ֪񣺡͸̹ܼңȥѰ˰͵ո
õģˡ
֪뿪ﻷżȫյС鷿ѵ鲻ḧŻûԻĶӣЦϾҪ뿪ˣǳȥߣ
ššüЩģȥ棬᲻᲻ȫ
ڵӽһ⣬ǿɳе
ȴ£񲻴Ҳ֮ǰǰֻǳȥߣӦް
룬δٳ
ڱ˵Ƿˣ뼴Զͼֲᡣ
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踮ǵ׼ٶȺܿ죬Էûã֮ľȫ׼ȫ
ɷСĵȿãų̧֣³ڡ
ܿ죬ƽ𲽣յųϲׯȥ
ԴȫҲ
еūʹæµŰңÿվװһʰһլۡ󶼱ȽæµҲû̫ʱ·
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СӼ󣬲ûϳ
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˵գһĳ¼ߣһߵӴŮ˻о໹ѰСͺˣԽѰСӣԽгϢ͵ƺˡ
Ǳԡ
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ḧϸɴȹоԼʱһֱڸ̥ЩľȾ˵Ļɫʡ
Ϊǳ⣬·ʱʮСģѾǻм䡣
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իǽϣǰǽϵĺͼֻһ
꣬һˮĻϣǻõ·һ̶ˮȫǴ
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ի, ǰѯʣˣȥ
룬ڵȥһӰ, ȥѡһЩͼߵɫ, ȥ, ҲŮ񡣡
ɵû, ܹɫ, ֻҪ˲, ͻͦʱ䡣
һֵߵİǣŸջǷ޵ߡ
ոյλļҷˣƯ
֪, ûм
϶Ļ˼ҵİ, 
ܸоЩ죬ļҵš
ͼһ, 质͸մӳһλ˵Լ
质һͨ;оȽŶѾԼˡ
ۼڼ, ˸⣬תעףλԼĵصĶ
ϲ¥
Ŷʶ
ڽ̶档
质һ, ͵һ߬, ͺ֪ǲ֮ǰΪСܵܶǼҽ¥
·ʶ, һǰΪ·
䵭Ƴһۣνͷ㡣
ٺ٣ллףݣ
̣ͼһָӡ
ŽרŹ˺üλ˺Ƶʦ˼еʽǾжûйġ
һ㡣
һ¥ֻԹ˹䣬㱻¥һһ߷ŵԱͼӡ
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ܹԱƳΣеľ¶Ư̶ȶһָġ
գѡбȽϳ֧ΣԼһСʽǳʺ͸СŮᡣ
κѾǶãڵԹ˹䣬뿪
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Դ˻󣬱㼸кҪϵ
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ı仯质ҲòϣƯ̫ࡣ
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118 
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, Ϊ˲ί¶, û볣ĸǰ, ȥռңҪ˵ĸ
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ʱһġ
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ɲѡ
֮ףɪûТΪжԽӯӣζ֮С
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˵գ룬æ䣬үʱǰǴģ޸ϵ

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ɼģĵصүԷ˶ð, ɲҪϹ룬һ˵үҲͲˡ
ɵǵ񣬲չ, ֹ˹˺ˣϹ, Լ, ϶Լϧ, ͷĺˡ
չüңֽذ´ʣǷЩϢ, ȥôʱ, ϶ͷ, ɱ롣
ЦӦ, ڻָ, Ҳܿ챻˯Ⱦ
ֻ˯ǰͻȻһ˶֮ǰ˵Ҫ³Ժ
ܶģԷԵ˽˿ռ䡣
ıЩԽ
ҲˣŻŭŭȥ
ֻΪԼеԵʣñֳˡ
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Ƹ׵ĻƤ͵ͨ졣
̲סģίٴӿͷ۽ˮ¡
æӣͼѾһ۽ǵˮ
Щˣ½ĵһΪڸȽеԵʡ
˵ֻظʮʮ鶼һˮ
ʱȴ෴ϲּ
󣬽ΪӣżطҪ׷ףСϱܽԼšͳʲôģ
᲻֪޾عŬ˰࣬ԼЩ΢ĶͷͱԼֺĸˡ
һ߶ΪᣬһߺЦȻǸġ

иίˣ
˹й־ԽҪЦԽҪţ΢ЦԷ
һ̿ڣҶԣһֱ˼šŷ˲£Լ㣬
˹ؽӹӲøɾ۽ǣŶԷЦ
û
㡣
Һ˵Ųƻ۵ȴǽϲɬ侲ؿĿСģС
ס°ͣЦԣǴˣϸһԡ
˵գٴεͷͷ˱
ﾲϴᴥУͻȻƽᣬƮƮģЩ̫ʵ
ֱ룬Ŵֱޱסգڱеǣ̲ס¶ϲЦ⡣
ҲûȥӣֻЦȻΪѵãǽǷҪú˶һأ
ﶯ΢٣ȻЩϰĻ򣬻ǲ޳ɵšüǣڲ㡣
ް˷ִ֣ܵӱ˳Լ䣬УҽУΪķݶһг

ִšһ£泩Ҫʱֱס죺ɫѾͣɣЩеûġ
⣬۰׵һ£ͺһջأЦ
洺.飬ʪһۿͻޡ
׼𴲵оԼһˣŴĳԼԵĿпʼҡ
ޣޣޡ
һһͳһһһһջˡ

ڴֻ߾ȫջԼĻɫоԼѾͲסԼָ
㡭
ģģ졭

ΣЩĵ͵ʹ.Ϣţ׻Ͳס֮֡
ԷеλӲڴš
ЩذϣԱһ㡢ε֬Ϊϸϸñ˫ղ۹֡
ֱġ߶ϣûסֱֻӡһǣ̧ͷޣ
Щıۡ
ȥ̽䵽ڿǿְ
Щ⣬룬롣
룬˺ε䣬ǰСԵʳ
һһӳ꣬ſڣҴ͸ڲԼһλ֮ǰͬţų뿪ǰֽһЩ⡣
һ˹سŵеʳһƵͷ
ǻûڲеȵˣͿ˴ӽʱһ£ǷˣΪ򶼲㿴ȥ
϶һ٣ЩɵԼպ˳ɼ
ԣΪ
һ˵ţһΪйһֻ棺ԣʱΪţԭҲ֪䣬Ѿô࣬һһҪúýһɲȥˡ
Щɵؿйһ档
ⶫȻģ³ȴģŵúܡ
ԱڴĿ⣬˿ӣŰһڿȥ
ȵﾡԼϲҪҶ֮󣬹Ӳͦ磬û³üһ˿ϲɵǲǿҪˣˣ
ף˵֢״һĸ¾͸ͣˣѾ£֮µ֢״þͻ𽥼ᡣ
˲٣ȷʵϲ嵭û°Щܲˡ
ЩţȻһΣȴδӰĺ顣

121 
ΪˣʲСʹʱ
֮Ǻݺ˯, ŴӴ, ̻ù, ͱZൽ鷿
ĸ۴ˣȤЦżٹϼ, Ҫֵˡ
˽꣬뵱, ʮ꿼ϵͯ, ҪһЩ, ʮ
ʱ䣬ֻҪ˲̫, Ҳ˼ˡ
˱ظĺ, ҿȡͯٶ, ȡ翴롣
ﵹǶѧϰЩ˽, ЦŴȤȷ
룺ʵڲ, 翴롣
ĸһЦ
ЩΣٲ, ҾͶһ¼, ռֵܣҪ׼, Ǻֵܡ
ĸֵ̯Сģ, ָһĶͷûϢ㡣
ҲЦڲǸ׵ĴܺͶ, ڳҪĿͷԡ
˵ͷ˾ͿС˫ֱѧոģⲽ̾ϢǵĸһЦ
ʱZλӳ̬ɣӦûʲô⣬ֻһ쿼Ϳٿζˡ
ĸϲĿڵĴʯͷһ룬ʣµһ룬ȴյİ񵥽¯
ԺԽ󣬵Ű
ʱУոѾʺ갵ĳɼ˿϶˻ǻᾭԵľ㱡
һ磬ʺڸʵסľʹ帣ϲȥŰ񴦣һʱȴ
˱ԭֱҾ˵ҲȥͶ綼壬һȥúɰʱˣ㿴ǣúÿǣ
һԱ綺ãС쿩ֱ֡
ĸŶͷԹӴƤɸҰһɣͷۡ
ȵ˹Ȼ֨һĸռ̫תͷ˵˵ܺͶܲС
º͵²ŴܺͶܣҲŵǣ˵˴ܺͶηӲ
ºͣģڶУеĽȴָƽ
ĸŮһ̸µȤºͰԣ֪ģʱ俪ʼ
ֱǰԺĸ͵һվ𣬼ؿſڣôôǲǳˣ
汻ֵܶǰ򷢻ŵϲ˷ܵس彫˽һĸһ񣺡ϲˣԱϰʮˣλүүλԱھţүλʮߡ
ĸϲã̫ˣдϲһȥϲǮ
лˣ
лˣ

ռ˵˲࣬šҲŲʮˣΪϲ£СȴӲӪһظԺ˵ָС
죬ռ˾һ𣬺úóһ١
ȻոĸТڣϵϯ涼زˣһȴõú㡣
ոĸӸһö⣺ѧֹмȴ򣬲ɽ
Ǹĸ׽̻塣
ҲȡԼһ¼Ϊ˸ϹɰЦӯӯϲλŹΪǿġ
л㡣
Цּ䣬ͷ·ЩѹһͷɢȥҲڿʼ˱ͷһ㡣
ZطĸһѾɣٲŬһָͻᱻȺСӸ׷ˡ
ĸ·ŪĵоѾ߽ˮ趼ЦҲˣТ󣬾ͺúÿһһһˡ
ZźЦ
˹Ŀţ룬ЦꡣϨƺĸпЩˡ
ĸ۾Ŵ̾ϢҲࡣ
˶٣ûסԲ䣬Ҳ࣬ҶࡣֻĻ񣬰Zˡ
ZĬٿڣɤѴ˸ɬܣʼմ̽ĶϢ
ҹУþã˷̾Ϣ
һգռҶϲ
ŷ˲ոĸТڣܰϯĸ͸ɴʺһһЩǮԼʲôͬȥһ۾ۣúһ
ֻķΧ£Ҳ֮ǰڳϲׯ¶ƵĹȹ
Ϊ֮ǰӰɲԼͬڴ·֮ϣ˫˫ñ棬̫ңɹЬµ·ڵģҲûл·ȥߵͷ
·ɲ߶ԭţϳűȽΣգԴϴγǼºŶֻߴ·
㻹úܣҲ͵ʱסˣ֮ûֻ
ΪС㶼ûסŵ̫ݣǸС㶪ӡ
Ц
ʱȷʵûŵΣˣصɢǿһŵû˵ˡ
ϲׯλǳСӽеĽӴ
ｫе׹ȹչ㣬ϲɴޣЩ΢ãСӣôоϴǼҪϲ٣Ū˰ɡ
ʵϣǺϲ٣ֱҪ̫ࡣ
µĲȷʵѡǿ飬澫տ幤ԼϸܵţҲôжϡ
С֣ûûΪʱָλ÷ʱ»ؼ̽ȥˣ;һλ÷죬Ϊ˱ʾǸ⣬϶໨Щ򡣡
ﲻɫԼĺɰɿڣǮ
ֻԭ˵Ǯɣ˳ΪϣֻҪﲻʱĶ˻ͿʽС
ֲ֣С˵ʲôռ˴ˡ
ֿȹãɿԱӽµãŵЦǳϲׯǵǸҾϲ
һǼȹѾƯˣһոһ˲䣬뽫ϣֻøǽϵĳ嶯
Ҳ֪ǲϴθµӰ̫أֻһ˲䣬඼ŵòˡ
Ů轫
ū澼轫
ûԥأɸ
ΧһƬžһΡ
һ׼̧СĿԷһۣжжͻȻڣ´βҪ̫ߣһˤ°뱲Ӷ̱ڴϡ
̶Ѹһ졣
ղŻĵ˵϶û˿ھͱ˿ˣˣǺй֮Ե轫
Щңȴֺܿ
˳޲˲ϳ˲ȻĨ죬Աһʼޱ仯³ĻһʼǰģŹɴݲȵ򶨣л轫ѣ轫Цˡ

122 ĸ
ҪЩ俴ѯ, ڴ

˻ڻѣͷ, Цûʲôθڡǰ, Щ˰ɡ
ģѳԲ¸ࡣ
һҽĹȻ͵·ϻû¶棬ʱвƼ
ûãǰؾְ, ԵڶྩŮӵ˻Ϣ, ھǵĸȦд￪
ЩǰδܵüǺģˣǶϢΪȻолȡ֮ӡ
ǶЩòɱ֪ǣŮǷ׷סԼС¹ײؿĬĬڴһĦȭƣĥ׼С
ЩǣģҪǰһŻˮλҹӡ
ǰ, ԭλһʹʹڳвһ󱻿Ԫѹ£˵ԭ
ΪһλТڡŮӶףٴʹ, ʹһ, 󾭲ʵС
, ڰ¥Լʹһϡ
ҵ֮ԣڰУ⡢Եأȴδ뵽ǵֱһ䣺Ǳǰҹʹ䣬ĸ
ױʥϼסȻΪ
Դˣĳ͵Ľˡ
תȥΪ۾۾ӲǱӵĹǣѾˣҲѴ󲿷Ȣޣֻɵ˺ȴûôױ
䱻ְĸƤִһ⡣
ĳҲʱˡֵڳϣһѾɵ̴οСȴ³ͷƤ
뵱䣬żҹףﻹᱻҪЮȢĸҹ棿̫ˣ໡¼ӣչ¶Լֱϵϣᡣ
Ҳǵùʮߣ˵ףΪ࿴Ŵ˼ҵĵŮҲ⣬ǹһĥżиĸǰȥ̽ڷ磬תͷͱܾˡ
֮¼ĸҲ֪˵һ⣬ֹżҵ˵ףŻҪȢĸҲǸģ淴ֱӸ˵һĸ档
ӹһˮȡ
ӡ׿̾Ϣһ˹غžƣ۽ͨ죺ǳͻ磬ұ֮ǰѤãǱɷҲ
ǰʾο
ӡ׿궼ǾŹİĽߡ
ŹԸ񣬱ĶĶϲãòвţܻʵ۳谮С磬еİĽ߲֪
ֻͣӡ׿Ѿüиĸ߳ȡܹ´ͻʥּ
ȴ룬һ˺׻ȥǳŹμӵͻ磬һ֮󲻾þžŹһ飬ͱӡ׿ѡ
еԣˣˣºƢ¾һ
¼Ա߿޿ǿºǸˮȢһ椣һƱŮҪǻôЩ֡
ô֣ÿ춼ƲסԼģÿ춼ĳ¼ţԼϽӵĸ첲ڴѯʡ
üһָ̧ƣǸ˵
ռңĸѾ뾩ǻϲ˵ǰֱҲ£޺ãǸҲǵǵʱ
Ҳ֪һ·ϵĵӿɻܵס
һĸģһЦȰοĸȹ죬踮Ǳ߹æҾȥһѽ
֣ҲŵͷٴЩĸոƵĹҲǺġ
ǣұٵȼ죬踮Ǳæȥ
۳Ͷ٣ȷʵǳ˴֮࣬ǰǰǰЩɫθڣٴήȥ
ҲԲ£ˣûһ³
ӣ˵ģ˵ĸ¾Ͳˣڴȴĸ޵ĵ
ˣִﾩǵĵθ뾫ɫ
֮ǰԲһڵˣҪƷ.
ԺյģζԽԽã̡Щϼ˵Լõĳʳ
ǰûʱ嵭Ϊ
ڹ½׶ΣȴͻȻؿζʳ־档
ɼǰ󲻹£°;ּһЩۣǸϲС֮ǰ˷ôʱ䣬ҲŸúòãŲٶСӡ
ͷ̯ƣԲֱϸ޳̯ʱܹһԵĹǽڣԭĸһҲδҲ̾ȻθˣǱЩҪȹˣҪˡ
ͷǣϷ˶Ĺĳ̶ȣƹҪˣҪúЩ
ףֻδ˵أ̸ʹЦӯӯˣŷСһǱߵġ
ָ˶
ӹ֮չǲϲֽü
ЩŵؿɣЩȣô죬Ҫˡ
ɣ
ҲЩͷͺ
ĸ˵ĸǿЩȴΪ۰Ů
ǵģ϶ֻһᡣ
ʾ֭룬ȰοҲˣǽԵĺһЩʱϷҲƼȻˣǾͷá
ššüһԼĶӣһ߷ףҲա
ʱӲͷƤϣҲ벻жˡ
գĸϱһ𣬴踮ʱͱͻȻá񡱵ĴŮˡ
ޣôݳ˰ĸûסˮǰ㽫վԺſڵסģġ
һһⱳ϶ˣûжˡ
æͳ׼õӣοŮ֮ǰʵԲ¶ôࡣҲܳ¶ˣôԵʳˣ϶ò˶þͻֻġ
Ȼ⻰źƺеĸǵģһô࣬Σӿɻ
ͷͷأо߳£Ǹ⣬ʵҶԡ
ԱԴȻеǺ⣬շҪ󽫷һЩ
ĸĵѾݵܹǵ֣һۣ˲ٿŽοá
ỹûɳһһֱվĸߵڿ˿ڣ㣬ȻûƭңռҵĹȻİݵÿ
ͷŴ۾
ϴμ棬ѾС꣬ͻ֮ǰһ㣬ûмƣϲͷôƭ㡣
СԴģ۾ģ֪ˣԺҲһҪһƯ

123 Ǩ
ŴЦ
ĸʱѾ, Ա߸ŴȤƯ, ֻҪ΢һЩͻƯҲպö, Ҫݵ̫Щˡ
ڿڳʱ򣬿ǧҪѧһһС, Ժ޵ʱ򡣡
ףѾ۾ȻѾ֪뵽ȥˡ
վĸ󣬼㽫ĸһҲռֵǿλϻ۵ĴҲ˸̵ʶ
ĸԴ޺, ûʲôܹ˵, 龭á
м޽״кתԱȴ֮ǰ״̬в㡣
˽ʺ갶Ըϱй, ϧ뾡취ЧǺ롣
踮һ, ۿֻòʱ, 㽫Ȼĸ, һĸЦտ, һȤ˵ǲڵġ
üЦо˼ԺȰοĸʱܹõķ
ĸתҲһɣæתƻٹ£ȷ΢ȶЩҪٰһǨ֮ϲҲ֪ӣʵ׷ýʱλãҪߣҰæ
ĸҲһֱһ磬ֱ֤һʲô¶׷˯ЩǺ㣬ء죬Һһ
ĸͷЦл
*
ʱ£ÿÿһµլۡѣԴﵽůǨ֮ϲĿġ
Ҹոհ뾩ǣ˵󲿷󶼲ھռڣκʶһϵͬţ֮ǰھʶһˣ˵ΪﻳеԵʣֻ׼С죬ջ˲ˡ
ĸһռһ踮׻еŮӭͺʹ
ĸ¸мĸദҲǢ
̫̫һûһ
һ۹ãȢһöϱһ˵Դ֮󣬱оĿʱģԭСްǱˣ˵÷Ǣ
ҪӭӵŮ죬֮ǰʶլˡ
Ů踮ǰĴš
ǰ䲻ǻؾְһˣ㹴þŹ˻ʥΪͻ顣
ʱۼžŹͿĥʥɿڣȴͼǶףһλвδȫТĴ
踮ſֻԶԶƼһۣ͸оǵĴԹ顣
һɫ۵ӣͦΣٿüӢвйɕiĿ
ټϲ֪ǲǽǨټ֮ϲƯһоϸĹһϲ洺⣬ԽΪϲƲߵĶ
ĺÿ
е䷶
ҲĪֵŹ϶ꡣ
ŮֻԶԶһۣͲòϽͷ£סԼС¹ʧ̬
ƽ˱͸ţӭ͵ġС΢Եˣһ̾
ܱǰɫ˿еŮӣֻòʣͲǳˡ
ֳʱӡ󣬵ȵʼ໥̸󣬾Խ̡
΢ԲЩʱ߾ͺܾ£ˡ
ģȻ࣬ÿÿԣȴ̲ס
ڣӰ͸ԡ
Ϊӳɫò̸ʱڲ֪ǵߡ
Щޡʱ򲻻ᱻ˷ʣ㱻͹Գ
ʶ׵ģͻ˽ŮǵĺøС
һλ佫ӣԭŽǳ˼ͥΪԼι᲻ڣȴû뵽һϯȴĵĸ泩
ʱһֵѵͶԵޣӣһȥҼҸ磬ʱÿһҪƴǡ
ǸãɲõʱԼƤˡ
Ӵ˵ﻰֵúϲ£졣
ȫ̸ĸߣŴϯϵŮǺ÷ķУ
˼ʽϹȻΪһĹʧ񣬲ңöԷԼºӡ󣬵ܹ󲿷Ů춼յԻøĳ̶ȣǻеѧ
ԶСǵĲϣ˪ѩĸŮе࣬Ҳۡ
ԺŮǵĺг̸ȣǰԺбǵգҪ¶һЩ
һһ佫һ
ʯ׼ַϣһȦƣȫ治ɫ󣬷׷׳Ե٩δû뵽ֵܵľһû˿˲
䵭һۣԴβԳǵɫڻǵǼſµĳС
˹Ц
ǰŻˮսǣ佫Ȧов˿˳ۡ
Ҷ˸󣬼ᣬ˸òСŻڱ߹¹ְٵģѲΪʵ
һͨղַƣȴûܹ¡
˳˸⣬ȥδϺȾƣСſ¡
ҹϴĴ󲿷˶ˣˣƷĸɴһԾ˸
ֻȫ治ɫ˹·븹Ķǰˮһ㣬Ϊ˷Լ´ϵλ佫֮һ
ò˵佫ǵĹϵĿ죬ȵҲ졣պ󣬵в˶Ϊ˺ѣΪԼòȡˡ
ʯױǵҹƷ衢еһԱ
ЦˣҪСĳ¼ĸ鷳
¼ˣҲǵһ䡢ĸù
¶˵Ҳûޣֻ֮һЩ£˫Թǳ
ȻŻˮû
üŶ㲻˵Ҷĸ⻹ųأ
˵ʯױ̿ǲ뿪Ǻڰڶףĸߥʹȥϲ㣬Ȼûɣ֮ĸڰٻ¥һϵĻƣһҹ
ʵϣҹвڰٻ¥еĶ͸忪ĸˡ
ԣУϿǻȻ˵Ǽ֮ǰĸʱûЦ϶Ҳ硣
תתӣò֣лʯ棬֮ԻСġ
ǰĸСһѣԭֻҪǲٶʲô˼ҲٽĿϵġ
еӣ۾о˻ǽЩá
ƹѲƺȣһλ佫ͻȻڣּзУլ飬֪Ƿ檵˼
üһڣ佫һԶݼУһ˫εĽû໥룬һ𵽴˼檣֪Ƿ⡣
⻰һ䣬ԶкϣҲСһ֪ļüŪۡ
ֻ质д𰸣ĬĬǱߵ䡣

124 ܾ
µĿ, ̩Ȼ֣衣
佫Щ, æǶԽû˵ҾЩʵƯͬղ飬һԼšǧҪͶǵòӡ
⻰һ£˾Ц
ϣֵȴЩЦZɫ˿佫Ŀɭġ
ƢҪȴ갴ѹ¡
ھǵЩԱǶԣ檣ʵȷʵԺ, ޻С
ڳǰԴĳŵأֻڵĵλͲܹ๵ġ
Ŀض䣬ȴĻظ
, ĻظҲûʧ
ŵЦⲻ, λ佫Ŀ˹񣺡ʵ, ҷ˶ǰ, ׿ŵ, ɶɫֵֻܹĺ⡣
ɫ죬ռҸӼɫ
˿ռҸ򶨵ɫԲţȴŹţӦǷ顣
֪⵽˱Ӧסֻ佫Ǳߣ֪˼СӶϯţҲδ̫˼ɡ
ϾռҳҲһո̤;ƷС٣һޱס
Щ٣ְ͵ҲǴƷۺױĸὫǷ
ΪλԼĿ޵ؿռҸˣΪѴֵܼ԰ú˵˵ִɲΪѡ
Ǿǣһú˵˭ҲΪѲ㡣˸塣
æ֣ˣҼҷѾãδ˱ҡ
˲⣬ȴЦ˵ʮǰңǰ߹زξɽ㱻
ʱҼҷɽзֵңҳʳʱѾ߲·Ҹɽһ
ʱĳ±Щ˼ֻҼƶ޳ҿڡ
ԭΪҲξӦԵ֣ȴδҷ˾ТԵʣ´ϲȢ
ԭӦʣ˵ҼҾ̫󣬲ԸίŮо֮ǰĳὫίһΪҰģҲΪҼҷһŵ
ϯ˾ԳĬ
ԭΪֻý֮ԣȴ뻹һ׮֮ˣ˱Ҳ𷽲ŵ֮¡
ռҸӹ֣Ը߽࣬ܽƷŮ
ΪҴܾһöһס

ԴˣռҸ򶨵ģЦǺǵģ±ƣȴǲ˵
ȼˮ˶ǣƲ䵱ҲξһռҸӳ⣬Ȼһո游ĸԴڼңڼƹ˳
ΪոĿζ⣬ϰ棬ҲһЩ·ˡϼ
ϱ˳ȷѣ׬ϵǮǶʱп˲ٽոĸ游׬˲ҩǮ
ֻǲ֪ЩУǱһ
뵽ĬֹһƣţϯɢˣýϢúŮ㣩˵˵
ȻѾɣǾȥ
ôõŮ򣩣ǧΪ˵©죬ˡ
ĿⲻɫϵռҸӣiһ۵׻һĨůڵЦ⡣
죬ůصԺʱͿѾڴС
ŲѯԱߵŮ˽տ۵
үȷʵЩչŮ죬˵֬ζ̫Ũ˾ǺǶģθڲǺܺá̸ʵ
ףСĵ󣬽Ҳ봲齣˯ûһ硣
һ΢ľġ
ϻ㣬һգ䶼ϲڻС
߳˯еĿգԽԽ֮iȷΪƽ
ڣڲķĽţĺ㲻ȦȦ
ֻе̥ܹŴֵˣŮҲ㹻
һԭϢֻǰﱻʽ֬ζѬûθڣһЩˡ
С𴲣ҪԾ⣬ȴۣɤдŸո˯ѵƣȴˣ
Щ˼ףЩˡ
˼ḧ˸Ƥȴδ뵽Ļһ͵͵ǡڴʱԸ

ЩΣϷĨ죬͵͵سЦоǺ£ʲôȥóȥ
룺ˮ棬̲ˡ
û֮Ŀζô꣬ؿζĺ⣬ͻǰˮ̲ˡ
䲻ΪصͷǱһΣֻ̲ⶫܶʳ˵ˣӦʳЩ߹
æӦֻһΣ֮ұʳЩġ
踮Ǩ˼ԵԼ˵Ĳ檳ŵѸٵھǵŮȦд￪
һʱھŮȦбͲӽ覡
ĽĹǣ£
޲ɽֻ̾Ե޷֣Ե޷֣
գٰʫϣŮһֺ˷ܵͶϷЩƣؾһСȤŰԡ
ڼ䣬˵սǲõ轫һң˳˵˵ǰԵ
ǵ棿ģǾ̫ˡ
Ȼ棡վȥ轫ϲμǨ磬轫׿˵м٣
˶ݾĬһ˲Σ˿ڣΪϻ轫ǰ㳤࿡ٱר鳤ˡ
һ˵ԣӦʱƣΪ֪ʱһδ
һȤѰǰְָֿߡרķΪеǸѾ֪ʱ𣿡
˱˵֣Цһš
֮ǵЦѯ߹ŮЦ£
ŮҴȥûС鲽ϻأؽ̸۵Ļͷβ˵һ顣
꣬Ըеı΢µüһ˿빬ŮЦ˵ǰҼȲȢңҲңֻҵĻ֮ѣҲ֪Ϊλܾ
ŮЦЩظգδž֪λ轫سŵ
еľοչȣ컵üգգظˣ̳Ÿ˼ζҲǰÿ
ܸоζԳһأһֱͷвʡ
ţ΢Ĵ꣬תͷߵĹŮȻӦҲˣ㿴λҪμӵᣬʱֱ
Ůشͷش𣺡عΪУڸ̥δܹ
ü΢ڲӣԺ󲻽ӡ̥ˣȻʱȥļҵ룬ǵһ
ǣ

125 
˵ĸ˹, ڴգӵĸź֪
һʼɺ, к£Żոոռ, һŹ
żͷβ, ȴɸеֺЦ
ĸдʵĿ, бϯ˵Ļԭԭسһ顣
ǧ, ¼˾ľµ, Ϊ׬ǮǧҪ˵©, ҵķĸ, ǧҪϧ֮ơ

û뵽˵, ܱࡣ
֮Ϊλᶨ, ˲֪ѵ֪
˵üֱˣԼ棬ﶼƭ˹ȥ
ֻǣоȹ뿿, ϸϸ˼
ȵʱûΧѾ߶, ɻʳ
Ưһ, Цζ㵱ˣ
ĲˣĪǻУ
ļԲ, ˵о֮ģҲȷʵмЩҪô̫ףҪô̫ϣ䵱ʱ䣺ҾûǮ
ⲻð
һӾͱȻı鶺ˣˣȻˣ
һ棬ֱһӣĹüʮԺ˺ü죬˺ü٣뿪
ﲻ˼һ򶨵ͷǴǶԵġ
ȷʵ¡
λҴɽ汳İɣΪ۸Ӧûֹѡ
ֵֶǷЦһһģǣ㵱ʱɴˣССͣȴǰѵʱѾ߲ҸɽҵǮȴûнȡߣֻһظ棬Ҫ׬ҵǮ

һ˵Լǵôһ¡
ʱǸΪ沿ۣѾǲãӡģֻʣһ˫ȴֱ;۾
ʹѾʵ˫ѣû˵Ǽ۵ȴȻųǿҵ
תͷؿǰλտiķԭ㳤󣬱
ǰսЩ˿ɻ⣿
ͻȻչգ⣬дʮ˱䣬ԽԽÿ
˵գֻŵʱ龰㵱ʱصλûͦΣһɽʱŷģøлһ
лˣлӣлޡ
һֱилϲԣ漣Ĺ
*
踮ھլӲûͼеլֻۡĽլӡ
ˣ䡢סԺĸռһԺ䣬ԽгԺ⣬ʣµ˪ѩסһԺӣȡԺ质质ռԺһԺӣȡտԺ质ռһСģȡԺʣµһԺ䣬򱻸ĽΪ䳡
Ļ˵Ϊһ佫լۡʲô٣ֻ䳡١
ů󲻾ã质ǡ质质˾ʹ˾ǵռλã䱨󣬱ã׼ǰ
ѩ֪Ѱ质ǣܴҲһȥҲȥݰݣ˳һµơ
质˲˼ƣ֮ǰû
ѩҡͷ֮ǰȥָɽʱҪġʱָɽΪǳɱеСʦǶûѰֹܵƵʦ
ΪһլܹŵĻ᱾ٵÿָɽǴΣƽոԵӴ
Ҳĸĸǰֵ̫ļͥڶŵݻǼٵĵǰ¡
ҲѵʵʱŻѯʡ
ҪȥΪĸĸ˵ϼյƣҪףԸ֣Ѿá
质Ƕѩ̬Щ˽⣬ԥͷȻҪȥǽ˪Ҳãȥһ£ҲȥǾ
ѩæͷһ񵭵۵ϲл硣
֮ѩصԺ˪˵˪ҲǸˡ
ڴϲոշϯϣѩ£ϸʵѩ㣬˵ܵһЩƣͺƺͳ֮࣬ѩ֪ЩƵ𣿡
ѩһ£ϷӦΪ˭ʣףһ˽һЩ
*
գ踮СȥԺԺ갲󣬱ȥ˾ϱߵռ¡
һ·ϣ˪ֵһֱ˷ܣʱʱؾͽÿһС죬͵
ѩĶɫššü
Ǹյǣ˱ֵñȽϵ͵ռºһݣȵ˵زʱ˪ѩȥרŵƵСʦͨ
质˵ڵ⣬ռжʢǾǣͼĴȣҪӶʢ
޴¯ڿ̴¯Увٺе¯в壬㾰ǻǵһμ
Ѿ岻ˣǱߵ¯һ
质ͿĿࣺʲô𣿻Ǿǵ;ࡣ
ʱ质Ա˹ũ¶ʮһʦʥԾŷʦİնռ㡣
ʦ质Ͳ֪质Ǻ质ȴ֪ܵġ䡷ܳеļ׷ҹ֮һ
质һǹҲһȥݰݡ
زУһλ»С˪󣬲ʱ̾һ
ʱѩѾСʦȥдѶϢд϶࣬˪Ѿһ˵Ĳͣ̾ŵӻͷƣǡСĿϡ
ŵӶ˶æĿջأͷǰ
ǡʱѩֽʣԼѩдµһģʦ˼䣬Աߵľ䣬˫ֺʮ뿪
˪̾һæСŹȥѩ㡣
ѩʱЩ䣬ףҲȥдɣߵ㡣
ǽһ
ϸϸ˵꣬ȥǰëʣһһؽԼĸд¡
꿴ǰԶԶܿСѾͷ̾һ
ߵСȰӣɱ̾ˣСˡ
̳ܽһۣûס̾Ϣһ㿴˼ҵСѾͷӵģСҲСٿҼЩãĶǣø֣һ׽һס
ں˰ɣֱӰʮøûˣû֮ܽأ
СʮСƽǰϴͣĻӣû˵ĿɱˣҲ̾ϢһЩ
ܽЦҲҸϹ۾ǿļǸ㣬ʮλС㣬ʮ.λү
˼ӵģܶ첱Ӵ֣ο۸ʮӵģҲ֪Ϊʲôô
С˴Դû֨
¹үû๵ʸ
ҲͬԼӵĻ
үģϻмһٶ࣬һС
ֻЩСүĿûЩѾزģϣĿǶൽĿࡣ
ܿ죬ǰλСѶϢͶѾ꣬ת뿪˴̧ܽߵ鰸ԣؽʮõպ£ظСʦǮ

126 
뿪ǰ, Ĵٴ̾ϢֻͶһ˼ҡ
СվοӷģʮСһġ
˪ѩ뿪, ܿ质˻ϡ
质ǽ׼ʦ㡢˳ľ˵һ˵, Сﲢûʲô
ֻ뿪ǰ˪ֻͷŵĵڿһۡ
ʱ, λѾ߳˵زͷ, һꡣ
ѩߵͷʵ, ڿʲôأ
˪ϻͷ, üۣûʲô
ֻǸоλСмƣû뵽ÿĹӣҲмִ
, ˲δռš
ʵҲΪռеʵ̫ԵʣܹիģǾͷ˼ҡ
ûǰԤ᷿, ãҲûλá
˲ݲݽŵĸ꣬ɫˣɽߡ
, صǺ, Ҳûϻظ, ѡ˸Ҳķׯ˽ȥ
ʱʱ, ׯ˲ࡣ
质˲δҪż䣬ǵ¥ѡһλ£һˣ׼һ
˪պǿģѵɳˣԵʣ˵ƽϼ֣Ҹоҽȥ˺ܶ࣬ȥָɽʱҵɽʱֽŷ·û
质;Ц㵱ʱȷʵû·㻹
뵽ʱ龰ҲЦ
˪磡
ĸѧûѧᣬԴָɽһк󣬾ͷ·𱻿ϣһӾʹͨζ÷ǳ˳
ڴ£ԼҲмֲ˼顣
质Ǽ˪ɫߺ죬æԴԲãӦǸ׸ÿͶ񣬽˵Եʡ
ʵϣڶӴҲ˺ܶ࣬һ꣬߶θ˲١
质ͷûû
һ˪¿ʱԱһǰҲʮࡣ
֮ǰһ󣬾ⶼ˵Եʡ
ܿ죬С˶˷׷ӣٳš
䣬ԶԼᵽ趼ξ֣质ǵһ٣뼸λ˵žȤŵ质ʾһ¡
ǸױǣεƷ۳嶼ξϢ˶֪
ֻǱʶУǸϰ轫ĳƺͲȻһ趼ξ˲ûжע⡣
质ҲǷӦһŷӦϲ
¥俿ڣһƱ߰λṫӣƺڳľǰԡ
ɢ̸쵽޼ɵľʱ̡
һ䣬һᣬЩ΢⣬ȴײ׽
ɣλ趼ξ˵ʲôɶɫҶˣ˭ƭ˭ҲƭƭЩӲʹ·СϱϹ
趼ξλˣǼǼгߥʹڳϲͽ
ǷǸֵģǵû죬ⶼŮһ˵Щμů佫Ϲ˸ڻŵǸŮ̥УôԽԽݣԽԽƯ˵ǲǡ
ԶԶԣ˸Ů̥С檣¶ĲصЩĽ趼ξĹǣڲϣʲôʱ򣿣
˵˲ôһ¶ָһĶģԴǸŵԣʱĶ顣

ûҲãɺ޼ǻһֱ˵жöãûŻҡ
ͬ±ŻˣǸɱɱ
һ

质Ǻ质һۣôһζ
Ҳ֪ģЩʲôˡ
źṫδɢϯ质质ȴλõеȴ质ȥ̨ˡ
ƹĽǮ꣬质Ʋ⿪ڣԴͦ¡Ű磬Ҳ١ҸղţƺǼλ˲õĹٻӵء
ƹЦа֣Ǵչ˱ɵ⣬ǼλҲȷʵǵϿͻˣǶЩ
质ǱĻǶ󣬹ֲž͸ооԼһٷԵϵ˲١
ҵĶӣ˵󲻴󡣡
质质ͷȷʵǴ󣡡
û뵽Ǹյǣҡ
ؼҺ󣬼˾ͽռƽмһһţ质Ǻ质㽫ڷׯϢ˵һ顣
ֻ˵ЩлҲͰˣʱǼ˵˼ƺ븸г鸸סʹ¶
յǣ˺ܱ˵ƣòСĽ
һ˵깤ҵĶݣ֪˭ˣЦΪ֪ˣûʲô¡
质Ǻ棺ףôĳ𡣡
֪ھǴʱ䲢˺ܲôԼһλˡ
˰Լ̾Ϣ֮ʵҲûʲôҪֻܹΪ̫á
˲䶮ˡ
ͼҲżʣЩ˿ĶĶ˳ۡ
¼˵Ĵ·۾ССֵӵҲʵЩѰ죬һŪɣ̫ݣŪɣһֱQЩˡԡ
ǸҸܹйǾаɡ
质Ǻ质Ѿ˼ƽϣҲͷ
ֻаһ˳
ֿҲģжԶԶ
ʵϣڷׯ˵лģҲȷʵĳ¼ˡ
¼ʱֵȣһֱûȵλеַ˳š
ҾٰǨϯ󣬾л˸˷θԨԴԴִﾩǺ󣬾һֱЩҪҵ˼ҿʼϢġ
֮ܵǰѯʣһؾܾˣˣҲӡ֤֮ǰĴԡ
һʱھŮȦá
¼û죺ɶˣ
Ҷˣ˭ܺŪס˭
ҲֻܺŪŪЩûЩ·ǡ
ʣµַòĴţ˸һֶš
˵λַıƯˣҲӦǸѾͷƬӣʱȥƣ۶˵ն
ָָص˵ǻŵ̫硣
һ죬ĶŮӣŵԡûƣֻǻûʵġ
ûвĵˣֻвŮˡ
ֻصŹʱ䣬ۡˤӡӵĹ࣬ʲôʱᰴ಻סԴ
գºƼԼϳ¥йЦ
ǳһڶ
Ǹ䲻ǱֻżһҵҪڷôŮȥż治ĸģ
ԶԶԣʱͿôԴȥúóЦ
¼ҲźٺֱЦЦøоԼĸ첲ôˣ˵Ϲˣ˭˭һȥֱĸҹ
ĲɣܹһǵҲˬ̫ࡣ

127 ¶
ϲ, һ߶Ÿ߷İԣһ߳Ժȡ
֮ǰµƣһǴŮɫͺլ֣һǴЩŮϵ֣һǴ乫°֡
µѾʼʵʩһΪͻȻ, Ǹ˼ƻڵڶ, ׼ŵ
ʵû, ЩСһ, ݺϼЦ
һͨˬЦ̸, ڴǰ¥½ֵƲһۣջĿ⡣
ûһͻȻһ, ٴβͷ⡣
ºɻ󣺡, ô, ˣ
񻹲ӵõĳ¼, Ľˮ
Ʊһţ뺿ޣٴοһԼıһ
ȴ֣ýŴ³Աߵȣʲô, 쿴, ǲ䣿
ӡ׿һ, ̽ͷ¥ƣ¼źͿºƽ󣺡ӴǣˮԱλ
Ȼ˾סˡ
ˮԱСˣˣ
ǵǻͦ²λǵ¸ҹɹ˵ģŮıһ˷٣Σ΢΢͹С֮ǰеķ
˲˵Ǹ𣿡
ѾÿˣһÿķˣԺŮöƯ
ȥ˵뵱Ůü𣿡
侲һ㣡ĸ棡

ʵϣ¼ֳ׼ҵˣڽֵԵĲݾУв
¼ʱͨĲɢھкܶ˶˸лһλСǧ
ȻˣβϽΪǼҵ޳С綨
һƯĶϱԺӳ֮󣬻֪ҪмԼֿ죬Ҳˡ
֮⣬Щԭڿ֣ЩĹǡ
ڿλжоֳ֮󣬾ǲԲλ࣬Ϣ
ò˵֮Ư
Ưǡʱ´Ϊ͵֮
ȴú޹ԣƯ£ʶһۣζƳ
ƺҲֻŮӣõһ֮£ҲתתҲҪǰԵһλվȺеĹ̲סԸп
⼸죬ֻҪԵòڻʳʳͣѾ£ͷҲȸյʱࡣ
ǡݣﾫ״̬ߡ
ҲΪﲻȽϵ˱һ·Я
ǰлػ͸棬Ļᷢʲô⡣
踮ھǵ⴦լӣջ¥ڵĽֵǺԶһǾһλֵдӵүרŷһЩͻĶƷ
һ㽫ͷϵñժ
ǰӰŶǰĺüȻȣñҲ㲻˰ɡ
ǡ
ŮķûǰϿ㿴죬ڽֵϴñŮҲ࣬˵Ϊߣ㲻õĻᷢκ⡣
ﴽ̣ͷһ塣
ΪЧͣΪ֮ҡ
ԱߵƹɲŮòҲ޵ٳá
Ȼɬ󷽵رʾ˸л
Ц⽥Ũʵ󾵣
Уⶫ֮ǰǼҴ٣ʽĶУơ
˵գƹıڲĳйȥ
ѡĺܣϲʲô㽫£ô꣬ûٴЩӡ
궫ˣ뿪ֵţʲôϲģͽȥȻõҽ͵ϡ
·ϣ˵ñ첻٣ȴͬģҪӭӸľߡ
΢΢˲ӣЩڵؿеñ壬һǽñϰɡ
ۣĿɨļλӣʱĿ£˽Ŀջأ߿
ϱȳĺ󣬽ñϣȥԱ߷ׯȥ΢ЪϢٻء
ס
ׯ¥ᣬ¼Լ˰Щڸɵ°ͣˣⷹׯˡ
ºҲЩȥҲ磬
һļ򣺡ʲôǵУҲŲҪ˵㲻Ȣı𣿡
ǡ
ǵȻҪȥ׼ңǧƯŮԺ󻹲ҪԹԼ޵ҼţҹСҡżƺ뵽һʱĳǿʼ
ӡ׿ҲЩĶȴһؼ⣺ĸˣһûףҶгСӣô֡
ºһѽ͸ͷô֣Ȼ߾֮
˵վҪſܣ¼Ŵһ˽סǾôѱоӺıҾ𣿡
˵գһߣԼϽӵĸ첲
ˣ

Ǻ޵ġ
ڽ취
ºһĴȣϷֶϱ¶ȿʵеһƻ
סһӳĬˡ
˵ĵһƻ椵ԱǷ޵ĸ飬ԴﵽԺ˵Ŀġ
ٿֻƾ˵òͲԱټ֮ǰųĻԣǵĵһƻѾնûټִеıҪ
ǻȥܲܵ׼ңɣǾȥִеڶƻ
˵һͬºСȥ̽һڶĸᣬѯһ£Ƿ񷽱ǰݷá
С˻תúܿ죺ү˵ܻӭλ˰ݷá
˵˶֣һ
װģֻ湦򡣡ӡ׿˵
аɣ˾ˡҰ죬Ʒһζ
Ǹ佫˵ȴǰţֱ͡ۺһͻʼ۵ĳ¼ţ
ºףʾͬλֿѵκһ
ܿ죬ڵİᡣ
УľǰϾӭӣ˲δ˵ӰֻƼҲǼӰӰ´µӰϢ
˹֣ӡӡӡ¹ӡ¹ӡ
˷׷׹ֻ
ȿڣδټ֣ɡǵÿз
ϧŻûģӣϡ
Ǿһ竣˵˹ţ˵ʱȴڵúܣܹʵӵˡ
ҲˣǰΪֹҲǴֵģû˿
˹̧ۣδҲһҲû䡣
죺ûСүͨӲװģ˭ܶĵ˭
䴽𣺡ˣǳǰˣ
һ죬ʹŸζûɣ֮жһ
뵽ɫԽÿͷŲˣûСӽҿӵôңǶΪԼôţ

128 
Ħһ±ڣҲû˵Ǳ𣬿㽫ӡ׿͸ŹǼ, ҵ˹ȥ, Щ̫ˡ
ΪǼŹ, Ҷ, ʵô¶
ʲô
˵ʲô
ӡ׿˫˫վ
ûеһʱ仳ɶԷ, ȴӼеȡǰ͸Źļ䡣
ǰӡ׿׷Ź׷ݱʱ, Ƕʱӡ׿ΪŹ׼һ, ǻ˴󹦷ˮԺõˮѰĳ޺ɺ
ɺͷɫ޵ô, صȥӡҿ, ʱ²һ䣺ģֱˮ·ɫࡣ
ʱΪһ䣬ӡ׿׷һٺô
Щϸڣңôܻңҿֵ֪Ϊɺ˶˼, Ҿҿ۹ͣҲҪԼͷ, ôܻǸ㣿
ӡ׿ҲЩ, ŵͷ, , , Сֵܣʲôˣغܡ
²յҲüңȻ㣬ղųʲô
ǣǣ㡢ҡ
żЩ״Σͬȴ֪ղųϵɣǳϲˡ
šüв⣬ɫ㵣˹ͣǰҾдţ˵͸ŹɺڼŹϲ֮ͺƼҡ֮治ãұ˾ŹҴͻϢ
ӡ׿ת۸õ°͡
ԣͬĽľŹ֮ԻῴˮΪΪƲӡ׿ͽȥͷϣ
ֱҪ۾˿ӡ׿ǲû³һѪ
ⶼЩʲô£
ȻѾȥŹѡ˾УһѾȢӣһڵδ޳Тʱеĸ飬Ƿݺصźȴ޷һ仰Ĩ
һӴ֣ʱӶࡣ
ӡ׿ȴΪ˹ģӱȽϸУϢֱӱۿݺҧ˭˭ҵں海
˵գ棬
ôϲŹϲڶû߳
źǾŵҪɱ˵Ķˡ
ЩεؿѾſϿӡ׿˼ģĸǾĹӶ֪ʱѾͼǵ֪
룬һ䣬ʱϢұûвһǸѣҪ˺͹תᣬڹв·Ҳ޷ݡ
ӡ׿޵øˡ
ִӺĹԱû·Ща
ʱǿ϶תͷͽˡ
"ˣˣǴˡӡ׿ԽԽ󣬿޵ѡ
ȻԻѾʺٽȥ¼ŵ˰οһݲ˱𣬷˾ߡ
Űæӡ׿ʱ¼Ų¶˸첲һƬϡ
æӶ˶ڸסƬ˺ۣҿ˿ȷϸղһĻûбΧ˿󣬲һ
ȵ뿪Źϰţȥ
һߣһų¼ŸղŲС¶ֱۡ
ԣҲһλ֮ͬˣ
ϢЩпղλӣ
۽һ˿⣬Цȷʵء
ԵŹ㣬ΪɺԵʣ
۾˭֪أ
¾ŹʼϵȷʵʱɺҲȷʵһĸá
ʼԭʲôֻҪɺԭҲ͹ˡ
*
ھٺúոΪ质Ǻ质ƼһѧԺΪơ
ԺǾʺ¹ѧӽѧԺҲֽ˽ѧһҡ
ȵ˿źٿǻʺ갽ѧ̲ѧݣƾ֮·νŵܵ
ȷ˽ѧصֵһգī˵ޣ质Ǻ质һǰԺʦ
Ժλھ֮·ԶʦĹ˳
质Ǻ质˱ͯѧʻյʵˣԿ˹Ժķӱ˶˵ޣö˻ȥ׼׼ֱȥǱסѧϰɡ
ԺأѧÿʮշܷһΣ뾩ǹԱʮһݵͬ
뿪Ժ质Ǻ质˵鶼൱ɡ
һǵһμռһɽͷԺɽ֡֡ɽǶĵطǵط质п
质ףҲЦѧÿһɽ£ǵؽǡÿɽŵסʵɽѧԺҲȷǸĺ÷
ֺͻУڵ١УǻûѡúͶõĹѧϰȣӦòѡ
ûѡΪҴڿԺſʼҹЩǷѧӽʫ֮á
񡢳ҡȻۣ

˻ĶԻҲûвԣֻĵƳһۡ
ɽһͤͻȻڵͣ
质Ǻ质
𽥼ͣ˵ȵһȥһˡ
质Ǻ质ףֻΪҪȥޣҲûжʡ
Ҳûжȵʱ򣬴ھֹûվ졣
ʱԶͤѾˡ
һλӺݵϸˣ˵õ͵ȴϡжϳŲơ
ټͤվŵһȦ͸˱ûͤߡ
ֻͤпǵϸǸص˵ͷͣ½Ųվһ¼С졣
ֻ˲δ̸һһλ͸ͤ߳˹
质质һۣͣ½̸
͸ֹȣƽͣߵ˽ǰ󣬹һ񣺡λСӣҼϷ˵λͤеȴ̫ȣͲˡ
质Ǻ质æƴǣ͸ͤλϸ˺Цʢȴ˻ǻ͸߽ͤ
һͤ质Ǻ质ʯŵϸ˹֣лϷҵ߶ˡ
λСӿͤǹ·Ъ֮ãֻǵˣν߶šϸһͷ˿׷Ӻݣݺƣֻüһɲ಻ɢĲ
λ·˼䣬ǵԺʦ
˵¶质۵ױ㲻¶Ц⣺ȷʵˡ
质һתҲӦ
ʱ䣬Ժݷż֮գ˼ɽ·ɫɵˣпܾǰȥʦǱǴ˼ѧ
Ϸ֪Ƽ
ϸԸͰұȽ̸һʹ质Ǻ质ʱУ̸
质ϸ˳ԭȥԺѣȴΪ⣬òʱڴ˼ȴڣϷ˲ҼҵȥԺɽȻ죬ȴӲúܣǴҲ档

129 ĸ
质ҲŵͷϷҵȽ, ҲҪ
λϸü䲡̫, ɽͤ, һ, ͸оزУԷ岻, ¸ܵý
ϸ˼۵׳ֿĹģչЦлǵĺ⣬һҲҪ鷳һֻ, ʱҼҳҲûˡ
, 质质ҲûȰ
֮ûһ, ͼһɽ·ͷNNNʻ, ֮ͣͤ⡣
һλ׳˶ϸ񣺡С, Ϸˡ
ϸЦݽ, еķ鴮, ƽԭͻȥˡ
Ѿͻ, ȫ޺ãա
ް, ˵գϸ˱ѾߵĲͤе质Ц, , Ҳˡڴ, ףλСѧҵгɣһ˳
лϷˡ빰֡
԰գ˱עϷ˹̤ʣŵͤе͸ͻܣжΪء
ǰϸƿĴӣʳָһö׾壬˺Ц֡
质յеһס
ܿ죬ĳҲ޷Ӱ
质ȴ޷ԿصԶȥþ޷תơ
ղŷûУʱ质ѾϵЦ⣬λĳϷ˺ͷͤе͸в
质գգۣ۵׵ӿô˵
ҷվλãЩȽϽԸղλһҾע⵽໤ļԽ
ۼҼôߣԾеķơɼϷȻλߣԲȫλһ
质򴽣ףȷʵ˵ĵطˣοһλ¿ˡ
˷˵ģŮҲûˣɲ븸֮ǰ˵ĸǺϣ
质Ҳ̾Ϣһ˵ףۼҰ㣬ӦһһʼǲֶĴĸҲûʲôìܡ
质ǵתߣŲԶ°ڶһҰߵ䣬ѵɻͬҲǡ
ջصԣͿСܹӣiһ۵ˣЦϳ
质ѶסҰ￴һۣףⶵĶЩʲôӡǸɫģ֮ǰʱԹеᡣ
ø첲ײȥùӵ֣ͱԣⶼҸĸ״ȥθģһĲҪ롣
质һǴһһ
Ա质ǿһۣҲ̲ס𴽽ǣһôһҲںضŹӲʣ˼ͻȻЩƮ
ʵ⼸ӺŮһʼǺģȥ踮ǰǳҹ׷ɱ
ǺǵĸӭȢĸףֺȴ𲽵
һʼǶΪԸ׵Ըĸ֮ദ϶ྴһḶٸ顣
ȴںۼѪĴԽԽ٣ۼ׶ĸ׵ıػۼ׿ʼԴ˺ѣ˸ĸ׼ԨԴͰŵ
Ȼ͸оλҲûôˡ
ǡɵģҲĸ޼
ʵϣԸ׵Ŀ־µȴҪ˸һЩʱǴȥΪ󺣳ĳֻ̻̲գһҹƸۣȥǰԺ鷿븸̸
ͤĸ
ס质ǻ
俴ü¡
质չЦ£ҪһС
ƲƲ죬ԼժɽСĶţŲһ򣺡ҲûУǼζˣСӣӣǳӳԣ϶ʲô¡
质㬵ĴԱ质ŹֱЦ׷ģǲĸʳĸϲԣԺÿݹʱڸժһЩ
üŷɣĸ׺һЩĸ֮Żϱ
质һӾ˸
质ҲЩɬǿ򶨵صͷ˵ǡ
Ƕĸ׺ɹù̽Եġ
һ˹Һ质ǿѾǵ鶼ޣֱӶһӵҰԺҲûѯղλĸݡ
أǵ˵ʱ򣬸Ȼ˵
֮Բ˵û˵ʱ
佫ǶҰԺԺеӽϴãȻط˼ѡ
ȳѯʣأ
ӹү˼԰ɫѾλСȥǱߵȥˡ
质۲΢٣
ȷʵмС鷿а˼ܹ٣ޣ֮ǰڼʱȴδ
һ˵Ҳ£һԱϴϵҰųԺ
δطһĹԻ԰
ζƳ˾ϸϸƷζŲ԰С·ԣ¸ٵԼԱС
ڵģһˮơǴܳոеӣӦʱھ¥
ԱЩģµȴĵԶ
һˣʣ˻ζ
վӰ񵭵Ůӣֻ浯ٵΪֹ飬һ
̲סļһҷ÷ǻ÷ĤѪҺӿӡ
һϣһ߳ӰĴŹڣ޵
̧ͷϸǳЦһֻۣѧ꣬㲻ǵúõģ˵
Աһ£ضУΪ޵þġ
Ǹ˵ıҲݷģŴЦתͷ˪ѩȷ㲻øˮƽǱǸϹ˵ǻȥ֮ϰָȡ쳬ҡ
ѩЦĸףǻġ
˪Ҳɬͷ͵Ӧһ
ڽ̵ǵŮҲڸѰҪżŮѰ֮ǰ֮ǰѧ֪ʶ£һ᲻ʱ顣
ס
еḶ́ûв廰ȵ˵ָָ꣬ǰḶ́һһ˱ذɡ
˪ѩЩܳ
СһۣԴѡһ΢ЩҰÿҧһڣ𣬻һɽҰеζ
óԡ
лס
ĵףֽǰһݣ
ִһöüչɽɵģ
ֲɵģСҲֻһ
˵仹ü΢һȴ佱ģסЦ
ҧһڣóԣл
⸱ģмֻԣĶģ̫̲࣬סһۣһۡ

130 
˪ѩ뿪, ׹ػĸ׵Ļ, , Ǵδ뿪
Ϊ׵ŮδܹĶ
ȳ˻԰һ·̣԰Ĺ, 滺
˪̲סͷٴο԰ķ, ѯߵĺ裺˵, ֮ǰʱ븸Ҳɪ𣿡
ɫһ, æС㣬⻰ɲ˵ˡϷɸˡ
˪˶촽ϸѯѯ, ĸǰʲôģ, 븸ദΣΪʲôͳ⸮еĽɣ˭Ҳ϶˵һ䣬, ȴʲôδʳڡ
߲Զ, ѩѯ, ۵׿ٻһĨʲô
˵Щʲô, ͸ܵ, ֹϱͣƿߣװԼʲôδһ㡣
һ·޻˪ѩصԺһ˴źʹϲȥ˶᷿һӣһͻȥ᷿һŷ䡣
ѩȻصԼĹ뷿󣬲ɳһ
תѾعϷţЦ裬ʲô
ϷţߵСū֪˪СͬסһԺӣ鲻֮ǰסԺʱ裬ǹ˪Сλĸǧܸ˵ʲôԺһҪ⣬Ǹɴͷߡ
ѩͷ
£֮ǰ˪ἰ趼һֱμǡرϴȥռµʱǶĳ̶ȣֻǣΪʲôأ裿
辭һ⣬ǼѾųһܵ亹
̧ۿ᷿һӣѩ֮˪ҲԶˣһִսѩЩʱЩͲ֪£ǸǵĽɣ֪µǣҲϷ˸ˡ
ѩɫһ٣ദڵλĸҲм˽⡣
һƢԸ񲢲ǿʹҲϲţҲϰ߷һϷˡ
һˣᷢ˸еˣ
Ķ˶٣˼ԥβԣū˽ºͼϽǲ²⣬˪С㲢Ǵ˵Ѫ
ѩһ٣̧ۿ
˵׮£Ϸ˱ҴɩϸӲŴӦģþѰĹֻ֮ڶдСٴӦȥ˱߹ء
ūС˽˵ʱүСϲδԲ߸ºλСϾ˪С㣬ңʱ˪С´ġ
ѩ
ЩоԼͷѣһ˲
Σѩ˶ǣ˪ȷʵӦʲôġ
Ҫ֪ܳԼŮ̶رͣλūͶ
ΪǴԭġ
ĸ͸֮˪ûн¹ȥҲӦǿ˪ǵĸƵ΢ĩѪԵɡ
һ˲䣬˪ֺĸĸûиһɫЩ⡣
ѩСȥˣҲһ
ʵû˵ǣϷһӣⱲΨһǿƵһΡ
֪׮ŵūͶˣʱ꺢ӣŵضϷ˽ӵһôĴϷСźŵСϣĴѪҲпϷ˵ֱʡ
λСϳŴ˲ڸʱ̻ȥٺôϷ˶û֨һƫƫ˴ñ󻹲֪ؽвǼϷλʵˡ
ֻ˵ʵˣһǼˣҲǻºֵġ
ԴСϷÿÿʱεĺº飿
ѩʱҲеϵģԼݣЩ븮нйصģһŶ
Ժһߣ˪޷ױ̨ϣžԼϷѾܿƵ۵ףþû
󣬺ɫƣҪ˵ЩʲôǵСǿϷһжģ޷֮ǰǰһ¶඼޿䣬ʱ޷ֶͣȥ
ֻСȰ⣺С㣬ҪūūܲẦ㡣
˪ͷȴţǲẦңҲҸࡣ
裬ˡ
*
ڻ԰УĹӳ˴룬Ҫٳԣȴջء
˵ζܹɽƫᣬϲȷá
Σֻס죬ԼŲͣļƣ̲סЦԷҸоò˶ãϵóˡ
佫̽ӣỷסǸãⳤȥˣָñƯˡ
濴ǣҶ˵Ժÿ
ΪоʱǷԸݣ֣
ŴЦȻ󣬵ԵŬ
ҲЦޱŬ
˵ĿִһˣЩ̾ķ֣֮󣬲ϸˣضСЩǿһ飺ŬΪҲŬι㡣

߹鴦һգشݺݵһ£ЦעЩִ硣˶ࡣ
΢һ£ðβѹ¸оĿί
ѾջأȤƲƲǣҲתƻ⣺֮ǰᵯ٣Ҵδ
òã඼㲻ڸʱְˡ˵ţƶĻֲͬĵòãҲ֪Ҽʱļͥ
ʵҲδ̫ʱѧ٣Ϊ׺ֳΪˣ黭ԣŸѧһ㣬֮Ҹһϲͨ
Ҳ൯˵ûסЦ˵ʵϣҲǡ
ţ
ҲҾƶûǮȥѧֻڱ߹صʱʦѧһѣʦ˵ҴѣţĵէһºǺģϸ֮£ȫǴֱɡ

ЦȾӣżټʻ鶯סߡ
ؿΣֽſڹЦ뻳У˵ĺΣͻȻЩ
ʱЩС鷿һΣˣȴС
ӣƺѾԿʼˡɡ
ǣ񻹳ڵٺ͵ЩʱǳЦ䣬˼ȴƫܵĳЩĵط
ƫ˶һۣȴԾ¾ãͨ
ֻ˵һᡣ
ҹʹڴ齼еɤպ壬˿ڣ֣Ը
ֻžӣԼüĴЩ΢ɬ
ȱźų˴ʣŴְڷױ֮ϵĻ֬飬Ǻ
֬飬صˣΪʲôᱻ
ͽû֤ݡ
磬ĸֳȥׯѡϲڼңɽŷյ˽һߺǮΪһߵ㿴ȥľͷŵߵһǮȥдܵĻ

131 ˫̥
, ζ, ס
⵽һӳɣеʱҪ
ͷһԺ˭ҷ, Է͵һѬ, ζûѬҡ
ɸϽʲô, ԽԽûˡ
ҲϽȸоǼˬˣ߹ȥִгһöþе÷㻨ֽдչһ١
ᣬɺǮֺܿͽȫ꣺ӦöûʲôҪġ
Ǯֿе÷ֽ, ſʲô⣿
ֿ˿, ̧ͷ, е̯ϣǣΪҪ
ֻһո뾩ƷԱ֮ޣΪеԵʣʱû뾩ŮȦĴ㣬ʵ벻Լɡ
, ǲǲܾܾ
Ǯֽ, üࣺǵ, , Ů죬һ룬Ѿǰ˶Էг̵ǰ£Ǵ£˾ܾ
֮ǰһֱڸ̥յҲ٣ԴǰЩӣ߶Ժ󣬸յһӶ
ǱҲˣŻʱ﷢롣
򴽣̾ϢһǱǲƴˡ
Ծϵʱ仹ʮ죬Գʱ佫塣
Ÿɲڸǰ㣬ؽ֮ǰЩ·óиȹҪӲǡ
ҹϻдſԴŮͬȥǸҲǸʮ䣬˪ѩ䶼СδŽʵ䣬ô
ǸʮԺ飬Ҳʱμⳡͻ硣
£˵˪ѩ仹СǼȻдˣôεͻϣҲв֮ĹͬȥҲɴǶ˳ȥ档Ǯǵ
˵꣬ǮⳡĹģЩš
ϸشĶۣЩȷԱŲ˼ӲƣγɵˣǷԵЩࣿ
ﶯһ٣Щָ֮ǰθڣ룬ֲ䣬ܻ΢˵㣿
Ǯϸ˰Σǰ︹ᴥҡͷūҲȷֻǿЩƫ󣬲λúơ
գգۣæͷ
¹ظ̥СĽ֡
ûãһλϴԺ
ϴ񣬺ȡһᱡ˿ϣ˻ϵɫһʼתΪࡣ
ģеѾߺҲŽ
ΣϴջأǮæѯʣҼҷ˵Σ
ϴɽ룬ϷЩ˫̥Ȼоԣ۷ĸµжǴСҲ߳ɰգֻú壬º󣬴ϷһʱӦʮ
⻰һ䣬ˣӵѾߺҲסˣֻǮûס
һֱɡ
һʼֻΪǷݵ̫죬Щ׸⣬ִȴӲʵúܣݻɲ𽥼
ϣӡ֤֮ǰ뷨ˡ
ͱͱסɣǴ£ɣ𡣡
ɸϽ񣬴ӻȡһöɰУЦúϲ£죺лǴ£ǱѰ
ϴɰж״ҲЦۣ裬Ϸ۷ǿҩֶʳҩЧãһϷ¼ʺиҩŷӣ˿ÿգһء
ǮЦۣæʾСѾȥֽĥīתԲϼӴȥϷ˻ûûڳԺſڵţϲʱ˵úЩʱֻϲǮá
ϼءһԺܡ
һϲ꣬ǮٿǰڷŵЩζѱ棬ɿڣҪǻǽˣ
μ䳳ֵģ˶໹׳£ӵ˱ͱ˫ӵĸ˸Ӵһʱʲô£Ǻڶ
ḧŶƤҲЩԥεˣǱϾյǣԷǹﲻ𡣴˵һҲԣºˡ
Ҫ·ݻСڷӦҲû֮ǰǰأȥһˣо޲ɡ
ļȣůʵ̫ȣһ㶼ֵա
ظһűڵǸ档ЩɺѯӭĲ̹ܼңôˣһĶôˡ
һ˵ţһп˼⡣
Ī˿ǸʹˣҪ˵ף
˿ˣҪ˸ף
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̹ܼҡͷüһϲ󣺡үдϸ˻˫̥
ֱǲѣһ
Ҵϥ¿ҪԼѪˣҲֲøϵǻģһЦúϲ£졣
Ҳžϲһ£һ˲Щš
˫̥ɲ̫
һѾЩģֻԼıؾڿУŲ
滹ǸýºǼһӽϽлİɡ
ҴһصԺͼϣССڵس׵̸ӡ
æҪӭ塣
伱æסĿ΢עĸ
һʼû˵ʱûоһƣȷʵЩ󣺡ֲ֮ǰڷӦǰǿңԭһ㣬
ҲЦеͷͦõģһܵõޡ
ҲֲһЩΪ飬ȱͬ˺Ҫһź
ЩǺͽŵģǰûб¶
ֻϸϸѯһ״Ѿδǰ࣬˲ʱոɳһһ仰ʱָ
յͻ˵ҲþܾԱ죬˪ѩһȥƣأ
䣺
㽫Ժ
ǰλǰĻﰵʾü΢š֮󿪿ڣգ߾Ͷˡ
˵գûӻԼԼƷУձ濴ûʲô顢㹦ӸʱҲܷġ
̲סЦʲôܼ飬ֻṦģɱϹˡ
ô֪ûСΪֻǳȥͬŴһбҪΪĹϵ
ͿЦȴҲû˵ʲôֻȥڡ
Դӵ֪ﻳ˫̥֮󣬱Ͷһ̥Ϊӵĸ¸
˵һŮޣǴŮҲǿĵġ
˽ÿյСе棬ϣУһǼ̳ѪС
տԺ
Ȼ质ָֿգλֳԺϴ
ôô죿ⳤֻһܵܣְ质ͷƤЦؿЦ
质ǿܵһۣ룬飺ǮˣҪȥ룬ǰԤ֧һɡ
⻰һ䣬质质;˲䰲
质תͷɫ𽥿յ质һЦû⣬Ƕ
ҪԤ֧ɲǲø۵ġ
ÿ糿䳡ѵᱻһ
质ֵֻܣЩת˼Ȧһҧһӱͼӱˣ
ԺУ˪ѩϢ󣬶ܾϲ

132 
ֻ, ѩǴĿġϾõ踮, ӹҲȻϣ踮ܹкñܹԽԽá
˪ھϲ֮, Щʧ䡣
, ȵĸС޳о͸˼ǵ, ԼǼеĵճŮˡ
ҲǸ׵ŮУĴȴ븸״ӻŮһ޶
Ȼѩ
ֻżǻ̲סţڼĸУԭŮѩŮֱ̫
ص, ˪̲סߵĺ裺, ˵ĸ׵Сº, ׿϶۰ǵİɡ
֪˪룬̾ϢһƽаָȻǴڴõѪ
˪ͷ, Щˡ
ҲǸ׵Ѫ, Ϊξʹûмһأ
һ, С
ﳤһ߻з, һ֮ǰѹûл㱨ѶϢٰá
鷿үкú룬ڽվзĴ°㱨һ飬ڵүϸѾǣƷ۳嶼ξ
үüһ壺˭һĸܵ£
ﳤͷ£Сǰʹԭλλͼ佫֮ʥյԱӵ󣬻Ѱ˸ͷڼұ˼һǸ
үȻ˭
ﳤ˵һ٣үûгֵֹ½ǷҪλСӶעһ
үü塣
ĵʱ̫࣬治֪˶ٻ֣֮һ˷ѸԴ
ǰ֣ùȻ踮ûиߣŰɣԺʱһѡ
ھӶȱѾﵽ˶ʮλŮ
Ůֶ治ʡ
ﳤͷȷү·Ů˿Ů飬Ҳͽȫ£֮Ƿ£ү
Ժһͦεʮһոյõİ˸磬鷳ĸԺȥ
ӣǾô뿪𣿡
ܽüøʲôãһԺӵĽ泳úһȺͲɼˣҲϽߣֹɣ
˵ʲôãŮҲ߯һ㣬ţжӣ
С̫๧СӴӣ⻰ǧ˵ɲҪ˵ġһԺĽУĻء
ܽȻҲ뵽һ㣬һҲϲְСĹЩڼﶯɼܵģʵھл
ؼǣܳȻץǰ׽̸ǹˡ
ʱĬĬᣬҲֱҪÿһ㡣
ѿˡܽһ߻ӣһʵɻʲô簡ᰡʲôСүʵڲ⸮ˣؿžķ
С̫룬ڣŷһٰͻ
аɣǾӦ¡
ͻ翪ʼǰеڽոôõѸΪֹһֶױõȹ
ȥǰһգһλʮĺӡ
һԺ﹧񣺡ūϣˣ밲
ɡ֣˸ƣ䡣
䶶˶ϵǰס֣Ц֮ǰ˵׼һλȶ֪ʶֶһյһЩϵµģȥʱߣҲܷЩ
ЦΪڿЦأ˵ҵ㻹ģ˵գؽ˫ǰḧ
ȻòϵĽָȴһһӾ͸оð
Сĵؽ˫ִǰǣԼģһ߹ĦһȷʵЩ츳Ͼûѧ߻Ǹ˱ȽϺá
ﴹбЦѾǿĽ䣬ɫ̽䣬Сһ¡
˲糺죬һˮ˿˵ý
Ȼһֻһ˲䣬ԼΪųĶ޶ҡҷԾرһĨѤõЦ⡣
ò˵ϰһرµĶ
֮ǰǾԲڰڰʾĶȫȴоδʲô
ĬĬԼһ΢Цһ̣ץסĶӽЩ
ڵѾ˵ʱͷֱӵϰߡ
ֻ仯׷˰µè塣
˳飬ûнֳ㽫Ų£̧ͷձ鷳ˣȥϢ
ǣˡ
ɴ뿪ȲڣǶ°ɡ
ȵڵѾ߶뿪ļؽӿõ͵͵ġŵĿ󣺡ޣޡ
иḻСﴺȶ
򾲵䴽ǣָͷԣ𼱣䡣
ֽͷָڴϸϸǣޣޡ
ӣ۵Ҳ

һ磬ϴ󣬱˹š
뿪ʲűһֻǺۼֱƿ̽һֻĿգ޽硣
ͳдһĨԸе˻ƣľ߻
ͷѤһЦºͣţʰ绹һʱ䣬֮ͻصϣʱ俰áҹҲˣȻݣ˯һ
䡰ߡһ´ʣڴ泩һһִӴʺ˳
**̣ûڴϣ̫ˣĺá
˵գOO@@ؿʼ£ȵѴãҲϴϣʱҲ
һЩ
һٷõöͦ࣬һ۵ģһҲ۵ġ
ñϣǰãƾѾǸױ
ɢذһԵϣĸѾһͷϰŪһԱߵױ棬غõĻ֬飬Ц˱𶯣

һۣǵߵѾ߶࣬Ҳûж˵ʲôƾ൱ϸµڳһС֬飬ֱָͿͿĨḬ̃Ħһط¡
ߣװ֪ʲô
ϣʰۣ֬ʼϸϸױ磬һһۻҡ
ǿԼֿһʵȤϱĿС
ٴʱѾ´֬е˶üų
۵ޣĵسԿ佱˽Ư
Цֻڣ֬ˮۻΪ
Ҳŵͷ˵֬۲ɹʱ˵Ƕиˣ¶ԡԺױ΢һضΪϴȥ϶
ŮǷ׷״ͷסϵЦ⡣
ڵ.Ϸ˰ɣǰɡ

133 ͻ
תͷ, 齱, źĿˣձ.ѾϵľĦ£ˣԺ˵, ڼкúϢ
䣺
оǳǳĦһȦ, ֺߣһǳǳʧϧ
Ҫ˵ʲô, ɫӲֹסתָ㣬ʲôȷĶȶһɱԻ˶ӡ
ףʾ, ֮˼, ǰ棺, Ѿ׼ˣλСҲԺˡ
ұȥˡ
·Сġ
ۼѾ뿪ϼ¡
Σֻһ۾
߳Ժ, ʱϵɢѾȫ, »ָǰĶģ
鷿, Ըīſ, ţԼ鷿ңŤؽҡ
ûһһλòͨηС˴踮뿪ֵܿӵУʧ
ĸصλھϳǵļ԰
⴦԰ǿԪ͸֮ļ԰Уʱɫ죬ǲμӹլŮīͣļ
ڽӵҲ˴̽˲Ϣ
λȻòԸºͣĵÿԪϲȽϳһ㣬ȴ֮⣬˲ס
Ӣò˫ȫŶգвҹӶĻ֮
Ϣ̲ס룬Ҳ֪ҷǸľòǷλۡ
ԭѯģ̫ˣΪӲܴ󶯣ϵһ󣬾˳㽫¸Ժ
н˴аʱڵִļ԰⡣
ʱѾ룬ļ԰⣬Ѿͣ˲
˪ѩȴȥַ֣̤£̳ɣᣬ̲ס࿴һۣյʵ
֪ɴཫԼֱִֵϡ
ѩļ԰߶Ⱥ̧ͷɫǰһס֣ĸףŮ
СӲ˲࣬һξ룬ΪۼſڵĴҴͣñײ
￴ǵ飬չЦǱѩˡ
˪վԱߣѩϵ֣Լָ첲ϵ֣촽£ֻϸһ䡰ĸסС鲽ܵѩߣŶС
յļ԰У羰续
ĵ޵Ǿޱ۵˯ʽĻľӦоУټСϪʹµļɽļ԰ӳĵԽζ
һһļ԰ķ˹
ڼһλģİò˺Ůɻ󣬵ڲ֪˭ǰ£˭ҲûóȻ
ھȺŮǲԶһͤУһλͦŰ˸жǵŮڵõŮѺæɴ۾ڷ
ᣬЩɻ
䶨ʱȥĻ񣬵ǻеģһԲķŮ
λྫС˭
ֻˣŹһЩš
عδˣλ˵ķϣֻ˶ѡŮæش
ŹλüʱչʱųòŮӿֿ󻺻̧֣ؿڣɴ۾ռֱǴϲ
һģֵˣ
ĹŮæ˷סһȣˤ˸е̥˳˳ˮˮС
ǰ֪ŹҪʲôʱǶǧҪ˱㿴ˣֻǧ˿ðԼʹȥ
׼ɣɳ𣬿ɾˡ
Źо⻰˵úܶԣԽմһſʼ͸ԼСʮֵװ
ϱȷʵǸԲҲӦϾδҪ׼ң̧ͷͷ
ңϱ϶ŵ㳤
Ѿڴʱ˾͸һϲ
ŹǣԭδϱﳤҲпͷ
δϱ΢ЩҲûʲôԡ
һڸϱºӡǿУĶӣǿͦסˡ
ССڵغ¹澵ˮ˳ŹͶԴŮ콫δԣλ˸Ҫú˵˵
ǣŮæ¡
ǣͣԭأ΢ж˼ڵķ׼ǰȥ밲ʱͼǰһλģĹŮ
ˣҼҹ롣
һĵɵˣӦͷ·
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ѾӺŮλŮˮ鿷ߣ߱߸оԾ
һ˼ӭ͵ĵص㣬ڣҶԱۼˮ鿷·ѾûжŮˡ
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ֻ˳۽ް봹£Ʋʲô
ȵˮ֮⣬룬ҼҾŹ档
ﴽǺЦ͡
ʱ˪ѩҲо΢Ź
˻һۣ󾲾شͷ󣬲ҷһ졣
߷ֵ֣ˮߣߴԺеȡŹϡ
ϡǵã䵱֮ԻǰųŮӵǰ£ףΪһλŹڲϵͻ飬Ҫ¼
˵ûгУŹҲˣⲢԷܿ˳۵ʵ
￴ˮλӱҪиѸ񣬴Цȫδ䡣
Ź밲ĶɤþŹһ
·ոջȣڸղֵһ˲䣬Ҫȥļ
ϸüҾϲչæ̶쿴
λŮף¡
Щڹ̵߽ĹŮǵƷײĹԱͣԣܵ
ŹֱͦλԶŵŮӣжδϱòӷġ
֮Ϊ˶¶ԷлδüŮޣһĨͼᶨ
ˣѾѾáŹףԵɿЩ
ﴹΪԷڰлػǳ֮ҡ
֪ǺɻϰߣŹ齩ӲسԹġ
ףΪԷ˵ԼѾ˶Էĵ̣ҪСһЩɫ䣺ã֮ΪҲ˲ĵķѣΪֹϰߡ
ǾͺãǾͺáŹЩǡ
˸ʣûֺù˵ľŹоԼЩ
۽޲˲˶Էδв鲻
Ǹ˪ѩɫЩ԰ףȻǱŵˡ
ʱŮӾŹ߳һ˵һˮ

134 ׼
Źһת, ٴҵ˻, ˣһ֪ܲ磬ûа, һȥǶһȦ, ׼⡣
۽޲˲·΢Ĳԡ
̧, Źݹȥɻ񣬹Źϵıһɣ㻹֪ɣǿˣԼĻ֮
ǰ˽ʱѾܾ䲻ٿѯ, ڽ, 㵥ʩѹš
۾, ȻһɣԤľʯ֮С
üֿۣллŹ֪
ü۲Цݸ⾫ºÿĳ, ͵ˬ, ȴܴ˵顣
Źգգ, ͻȻһ, ĹŮæǰ˳˳ˮĵˮӵӡ

æû°ɡ
Ź㱻δϱòرչȥգҪδ׼ºӡִ£ִŶĶǿͦ˹
ŹŮˮڣ˳ȥЩǸ֣æͣδϱǧҪ⣬ֻ̫ϲ
ץסֵһŹ
е
ŹڷԼ֪䣬ﻰ˵˳һ˲ƹˤֱԿڣˣ㿴ǰŻУɲԵ֣ҽҲˣһ̥׼Ǹӣҷȫǣûҵһܱȷ˸кƯѾͷˣ㿴ǽף

ﱻλѰ·ľŹһֱ򣬸ҭסˡ
¶˵΢ίһЩ취Ūȥ
ڣԷֱ˵û취Ū
ü룬Źһ񣬶Цл񰮣ֻ˵һл磬ϾҸекĿܡ
Źףȴô£ܹ黳أӦһŮޡ
ԽԽϲ
δϱڲʱܽƯǵ󣬸εǡ
ѽֻ룬٣оЩܲˡ
ۼŹҪʹȥƣңڹŮҪǰ˳ǰΪ˸ӣǿôŶӣͦסˡ

ЦЦˡ
߲˫̥ǰҲֻмʱ䣬û⴫
Ź֪֮ǰжעϡ
ңҲõģ̥Աұ̫ҽ㸮ϣѰ
ȻȷԱһ棬Ҳһ棬ҶϱҪȷ̥ʱðװ֡
Щˡ
δλĵʢľŹԸ񣬺¡
л⣬ֻǶһ£ȥһܶ
ŹæͷӦõģӦõġˣ㿴߶ﶼ׼ˣһȥ˿һ£
æ֣ܾ˶Էĺ⣺ֶӦ˫һ𽻻ʽУ߻ʲôû׼ء
ףԺҪȥɾˡ
ԲӦС
ߣŹˮС̸һߣ뼸λЦ̸һʱ˼ǰЩпλ·ľɫӣ۾ѯ߹Ůλ˿ǵˣ
عλ˸ղѾˡ
أЩá
ϾŸ磬ȵ˼ǰ¶һ棬ǻء
ոһ԰ӣ㱻Ź˸ˡ
Сţü޺ۼλСеľŹӡ󲢲á
ΪԾŹʱؿʹȥΪ˺üΡ
㻹˵ԷװΣΪλҽϣ˼
ˣᣬ˵΢һЩɲ͵ýܲ˴̼ʵء
ھŹ˼ƿͲȥŹǸΰεģָ͵ҲѲɲԸȥƽǻ
˭룬СǶӣسؼǣسסӡ
ȻһֱͶεһأСȴԽԽһֱûײİҲÿÿ𣬶һ
ԭŽŹͦһ˸´ӹμͻʱͶ湬дҪúź¾ͱ˵޹Ⱥ̼ˣʱÿͷϡ
ȴû뵽ԭСҲʶķ˵𣿡
ٻߣֻҪ޸䲻ɣصѰһ
۾ЦĹˣ촽ˣʱȥʱС̸ˣǺú̸̸
λСǱܹأ̸֮˳һЩ
ǣ
ȻúܺãˮǱȴļƻߡ
ŹҲ֪ʲôаһͻУȫ̶ߣû뿪ߡ
ʹ磬Ҫȥ밲ʧʱŹΪ˸Լ棬.ͦؽӸͦһƵȥһ¶档
߻һթһȥҲģ񱣻δĶϱһ̡
ʼնûӦµʱѾ
ͦȵģˣúˮޣ̫鷳
ŹȴûᵽֻΪδ׼ڱԼĳж״̬Խȡ
ǵ˰ڵȵŷһľŹ˹ˡ
һʼԤЩԡ
Ӧۺ
˾ͲԻһľ飿
ϣ밲ͦһ΢ĵĶӣ
Ů˪/ѩ밲˪ѩ
ми˵ü㡭Ǹոĸ£
ôӵĴС¡
ﴹ׻صع֮ǰҲе֣ǰЩѰ˵Ӧ˫̥
ؿһۡ
Ů˶ԣ˫̥ŸΣ
ϾһӾ͵õȫڹŹǰϺü⣿
ȻϾǱ˼ҵϲ£Ҳûж˵ʲôֻһ乧ϲ׼Ŀһ᣺ˡ
ѽ㣬Źʤһ
Ϥģһæ̧֣ҪĹŮǰǧСŽ԰
һ̣ڣͼŮеľŹȻۣʤصʹڣּǿֱ㣬㿴˫̥ҲƣۣԲǽ˵䣬ȴȥϢ㿴أ
ģͺղǸģֻĴһ㡣

ЩСǲǶװģڹ۲쵽Щ΢׵Ķɫַ뷨æ֣ǱȥɣСҪúϢҪš
ǧҪ԰˲

135 
ŹЦӯӯͷл, ǱߵˮþռˣҴǱϢ
ȥȥ, һԸ˲š
ֱ뿪, Źŵͦͦӣղڶδĸǰסӣǿͦ˹
ת, ԾգˣǧҪ£Ҳεġ
ʵѾʼˡ
ŵʱ򻹲, һվŷ־ŹĶѾͦˡ
һܵĴ̼һεˤе
СھŹߣԱٳܹʱȳζлʤм
˿ˣ˭δ׼ء
԰գŹǣ֣ʾǡ
, ȵļ൱
ŹֲԾĦ£ĬĬ, δϱҲܹŴļƤ, Ǿ̫ˡ
ûӦ, ǻ˪ѩȥǱСǾۼĵطȥɣˣ£˹Ѱҡ
ѩ˪︣˸ǣĸס
԰գŹһ񣬱ԴߵѾ뿪
ԶԶĻŹλŮöرλŷɫɴȹǸСģĺÿҲĺθڡ
ŹˣǴŮȷʵ
˪ָ΢΢ͷߵѩļľתΪί
ѩ㡣˪
ѩչЦ˪òҪ£ĸأ¡
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оŹıӻĸһ¡
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ڸղɲĳ治ɫ󷽣õ˾ŹĿ佱
˵˵ûгСͱŹУҪϱѾ꣬ѩҲʮˣǷǵĽ
ǣѩ۵׵ƽһӾˣһ˲䣬иί
֪ǷǴֱѩ㲢˵ﻰ
Ҳǣĸס´꣬Σ˪³һ仰
ѩɳһ
ܹµ˪˵ʲôٰͻ磬Χÿж䣬ܳԡйĺõط
һǾҪȥʶߵСǡѩ˪ۿɼĵӺ;ɥȰ˵
ϲ˪ģ֪˼ëַˣҲǰС㣬ڽ֮ǰܹϯΨһһͻˡһЩύ
ҲǰС㣬ѩСγĿ踮棬ǧڽ졭ϯĿǾϲȦеĴ󲿷Ů죬ǷѣԺ˵ɲ
ܻӰ˪δ¡
˵˪ͻСظҲ˴룬һ˼ǵء
˪ҧеίɬѹ£֪ģ費õġ
ѩü΢չûһֽٴ
֮ǰǽⳡͻ磬ܹϯĴǾǸеĵŮŮֻģҲڼнŵģŮη
ŮݱͱŮҪһȣͻø˪ߣҪ̫ͷ
¿˪ģȴĲɡģδ
˵Сǵľۼʱ֮ǰѩĵӦ顣
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ѩģ˪ԾǷֲΡ
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˪סӽ죬ͷ³һѪˮԼһС
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۾գգգգ˲䣬֮ǰѹ˰ˮѰһͻƿڣѸӿۿƾһ㣬
ء
ѩæ죬˪콫³ˮڡ
ΧСҲע⵽ղŵ龰׷ΧȰ˵˪ãҪˣǺ£ޡ
ǾǣǺ£֤˪Ҫˡ
˪Χ˵ĹУЩ˼ֻҲ̲ס˶ǣΪԼѰ˸ɣǳ󡣡
ΧСǷ׷Ц
󲻳˪ҽ㣬˵ʱŴͿԡ
԰Ϊȱ˿ЦҲ洽˵Ҳ洽ȿڲˮҲһ´ֳӶҳˣйŮ緶
ĻҲǱֵС
ֲڿ϶ӣԭȻ˵ӷѣԭﰡ

˪ҲЦӲ˲۽ǣַŴ
ָǰղŲСմȾϵѪϸţȥʰһ£һͻ
ѩ״æһ𡣡
˪ҡͷòãҺܿģѩߵҾС
ѩҪȴ˽˪ԵĺȰסѩС㣬ްġūϣһ˪Сȥѣ߾Ϳԡ
ѩЩģקӡ
򴽣ڵĻȥת׵ǺãСЩҪͻҡ
ʵϣ˪ҲĲ
ֻǸղѪˮʱմȾһѪ
ȻѰ˸ڳ׼ڸڵˮ޳ٻȥ
ǣڵȴȥΪȡʱϲҲߣΪȡһˮӣһ۾ƺ󣬱һŮ᷿ԶļɽĬĬ
ҪޣҪ鷢й˭Ҳֹ
ܽ΢ϸѭߵɽ󣬿ڼɽ䡢һֻСȵĽСѾͷü㣿
˪һ˫ͮͮ۾ͷͻȻĳ꣬ͻȻס죬סԾؿ޵øˡ
̣ܽ
һߵˮУ׼齣ңΪչ˽ŻᱻھŹһյ齻ص׼š
ŹҲȷʵЩˡ
ڱŮǷˮ鿣ʵϺ۾ЩԺ
оԼҪ.ͦȥˣϽǿ񣬶ˣҲأϢһ°ɣҲ⡣
ֻ΢ЩۣڳܷΧڣϾ·ݻС
ŹѾ۾ģ˳ӵˣлѷ

136 
ŹعŴ
֮, ûϵƣѾѸٽ硣

ˮ֮, ΢, ˬˮĻ£գգۡ
оԼľЩ档
ԭӵһòɫپķ, ջĿܲһǰͺ̵Уһǰͺ̵׼ҡ
һǶܻϵŮ׼ҡ
, ˼ĦԼĶƤ룬λǧպҪŮ˼ǻҪ
ţ֪ԼǷŮмŮҲΪδżҵѡʽǳ
޵ǳУźµˮļ԰޵Ļ, ʶҲ𽥻硣
ļ԰һߣ˵Ļ㱨, ɳ˳ǡ
и, һȥСˣ
һ˯, պøš
ŹΪԵʣȥŮȥǴ̱ǵ֬ζûȥֻߵõȥѡһЩʺиʳõķ˴˹
ڵȴĹһĦﱻ֬鱣۰˫֣һ˵ҪδϱһЩǱߵζ̫ңǲҪȥš

ո˯ѣЩڿʣ˵
һֱ룬ҲûܵŮǵľۼȥ˵ϼ仰
ֻΪŹȫ̶̸Ļ⻹ǱģǹδŮŹδĶϱ
ŮڸʱҪЩţ飬ƤŻţۻ
Ҿ÷ɫ黨ϣʺϸСŮѡ
Ҷϱ˿һҪҸϣһˣ
ʵ¡
Źһַؿڡ
ĬĬ°䣬ˣû˵
ܲסŹǰʡ˵Ĵۡ
ȻﲢŮȥŹΪβǺˣǺˣ̶ʱദ棬ĬĬͺá
ٵϯɢڵŹǣȥˮŮϺ󣬼˱һС
ڴ֮ͥ£Ȼ˵ЩʲôֻùŮ͸һöľУļ԰棬ȴ˱Ҿ˵һյĻľеӱǸ˵¡
ﱾ׼ƴǵĶһ٣ЦˡŹһʣ̸񡣡
ŹЦζƳһʱزǺܷ㣬ڸкúһʣʲôܰõģҾɷ鷳ңϵ
⻰˵ζ޶˵Щ
򲻽⣬ʶش൱ֻº͵빫μ棬޹ʣʵ߶ţùˡ
ȴٶԣֻǰ˰֣ʾ⹬ŮͿ͡
ֱﻹ˼ŷζ
ĦУ˶λŮһۣϵĿۿһۡ
ֻһۣɫ΢ֱӽֺϣС
ոﶯ̫죬ɲδֻɻˣĶк⣿
ףȥ˵
һ΢·ղŴľеķ϶УʲôûƵһ㡣
ص踮˪ѩԺϢԼѾӻصԺ
ȥλΣȥ˻ϴڴϣ˯˹ȥ
ɼѾ˯죬ŵظϱӣַ´ʣΪȥĹߣڴߵĽš
һظ͵õִϢ
ǲƲƲЦĶҪС⡣
ôõ𣿣
ΪֹҲֻ˵
ˮѾСһڽվһֱټصʵܣ˯ʱЩ
ʱʱѼîʱ
îʱ֮ǰÿճȥԺ밲ʱ䣬ԴкѾöδʱ۹
ոʶЩԺȻ˯ǰ״;öЩܲסĶ
ңһ֮󣬱ǶͷΣöģ˶Ļ̡
ͷŻ˯е䣬΢˶ӣԱ˲ۣٵģԺôˣǲ

ڶܳԵһͷţ
ֻ٣һͣһͣʣµһСĸֱ˯ȥˡ
ͣΪ˲̫ʧ񣬻ûҶԣֻǱžŹķֶɡ
̧֣´ȥڷڵĸ㣬ţֶԽѾ߷Ըҹһֱŵļϸ
ǣү
ص齱ߣڴϣӳԸģĪЩۡ
Ѿ߽˺ˮԸһˮ˹ȥԣ΢棬һϸԡ
ףһö˶ǣ˵ǱЩĻţôҲûиտʼôˡ
ӵݸ䣬ֽˮССڵȥŸоһЩȤ⻳Ĳ֮ǰδ
佫ӺͲ豭£صϣڻУһһûһµظŹĹĵĶƤǾ͵󣬺úʰһ١ŮޣͶŹ޾Ͷĸס
Ѿǵδŵװס
Щô㻹潫ŹĻ棬Ҫף
ḧ΢£ü壬ЦôȲԾŹִžͷŮޣǺòþܾ⣬˵ڣǾŹǰƢ۸ĸˡ
۹ŮԺ϶ңﵽⶼ޵˼Ҳ۸˵һ޹ȥִǸöá
Ҳо⻰мֵȴԾɲԸ綨ֻǱ֮ٿɣⶼûؽȥܾв
ָỬԴӻкû˿ƤЦҲУ㡣һŮǾΪѰһ򵥵ļͥһ۸ĸ

ܿ죬汻ǰִľ꣬һ㽫̳¸Ӻܿů
ʱüշ˵˵˵öǰ˳
ľӵϣһöɫĸݺʽɰɫãΪϲˡ
￴ĿȴΪ嵭ǰ˵ʲô²Ǻܷ㣬ĳЩʵż鷳һ£ϵ
ҵʱ͸о֣ϴк󣬿һöŮݺ֪ʲô˼
˯
ǰûеͨܵǰ׼ñ߹ġ
뵽һơ
šһ£ˬߣЩָ˸ԼգĪҳֺࣿ
öԷΪۣ
伤ɫ죬ҲʲôֱִᣬСķڴ֮ϡ

137 
Ϊ, ʲСʹʱгɼĿңüʹ, ٴ˫ֺʮ, ϼݡ
ٴۣ۵мɢɫмᶨǵȻ
ԺΣٲ, ֻٵȺꡣ
ǰ̽ռҵϸѾТҲԺ, ʱǵУȴûУҪ涪£ʱ֪˻Ц
Ŀ⻬߱óԺúԽ̬ӣ߰ɡ
ΣһΣԲ䣡
*
ĸμݹϺ͹ʿ󣬱ȥǩҡǩ
ʮ壬еĽǩ˺ܶ, ŵλúǿ
ĸǰģһλӺȴݿϷˡ
ںĸС˵ʱҲɫĴ
λϷ, ֵ֪Ϊ, ֻϵĳ, ȴö֬ͽ޶ڲסġ
ŶǰУĸҲ𽥽š
ע⵽ĸǸǩҲŴס۵׵ɫ
˴Σǲδʺǩñ֪ǩĽӰ쿼ӡ
ĸˣһǩ
ΪԼԵĸΪСãΣ
СùĸŮֻꡣĸռҺ󣬱һָСŮǹϵΪ׺
꣬ո游ʱˣ˺ȴء
Ϣغĸʱ˹ȥ㲻Σ游ǳУһ۰ոˤһȡ
ʱոֻλţɫ֮˫Ȳָܻ֮޷μӿƾ٣ֻܾʹֹ
Ը츳пɵոһܴĴ
ʱвԣסϡĸΪ˸ոλˣҵϵլӣᵽլס
Ǯˮֱծ̨
Ÿվ꣬Ŵ˽ȥسǱ˹ŮСѡΪռףѡʹû˰ʮ
ο˼ˣûʰ˸С뿪
Ƕʱ䣬˼ÿϴ档
֮꣬ÿ궼пЩ𽥻˹ո˫ڹҩĵľ£·Ҳû̬û꣬˾١
оٺյһЩ̻ոżʡǣһ߽飬һ߻Ǯ󣬲լӣΪū͡һСׯӡ
СÿӻǮĸںǮ󣬱㽫ĻĿպá
˵СûٶЩСðһļױ
Ȼǰ游ȥ֮ǰСþͲ֪ģҲûӹһ԰ֱڣҲûлָϵ
šӣɬȻ
Щ꣬Ҳ֪˻ʹһ˵ĵطżҲجоѣĸ
ʮˣϸСҲжʮһֻҪţٹ͸ñųˡʵһʲôҲֻҪСܰȻͺá
˼䣬ֵܿĸǰλˡ
ʩʺ£
Ƿ˳Ƶصݳеǩɬ˻ƣԵ
΢ЦףǩģŷӦҳһǩֽϳ¼һЦʻΣԵ޶޶ʩܵʻǩΪǩ
ʦ˵ҶԵϷɫ߬еӡ
ӷԵ֮£Ե춨ʩֻɾɡ˿ܲģʩ϶ȴʺġ
ϷæףӹԷ¼õĽǩĺ˫ֺʮҲһӷ𣬶лʦлʦȥǮ
̶ֻ̼仰ϵľۿɼ˲٣˴м䣬½ǩǮԱߵȺѾһ뿪
ֵʱ黹ЩšľϣǩĵݳʦСŮԵ
һۣЦݲ䡣
ﱳֱҲ֪Է᲻ǵλԵǩĵùſӦò󣬱ϾʱѾȥꡣ
Դûж˵ʲôֻǷᣬ̧ʸ˳¼дߵǰԵĽࡣĪҴűΪ
ҲһöԵǩŮʩʱֻԼıģ˳Ȼ˴Ե˳죬跳ǡ
ϷһĨ죬֪λʦеġ˴ΡǲǻǵһεԵʡһ˼⣬ǹһ䣺᲻ܾá
Լµ̫ᵢλܻܵȢǲǩеûжΡ
潫λܵɵʮٶףɾûˡ
Χһ׷洽͵Цһһңżѯʻڵģ̲ס¶
С˵档
ӦǺ޼˰ɣ
ľЩĶŮͣоԼټֻǺƤԭأŵŴ𰸡
ĸѾͷһ£Ц䣬̧ͷʦѾͷ˵Цء
ҡͷʾ£Цӯӯ̫ãŮʩҪż
ΧĺЦֱӽֳһŴ
ĸҲԱЦţ뿪Ͻͭ壬ӹǩֽסСܵӴѾԱߡ
뿪˲飬ЩԼסӣŲǩϸơ
ƲУֻԼĸĺס
ûãĸҲһŽǩֽϱޱϲ
æӭȥʲôǩʦô˵
ĸǩֽ˹ȥ˳ǣǩ˼Ӧǻá룬ֲ˼ǣֻҪ񻹻žͺá
Ͽϵ꣬ڵѾࡣ
ｫֽչаɽδɰΪӣ̫ƽ䡣
ǰ䣬վ
ں䣬ȴ֪˵ƽ˵
ɻĸȴ֣ȥɽֹ䣬ȥѰѰʦ𷨣ЩǮ
ﻹĸһ𣬵ɫƣҲס˿ڡ
ºŮִ᷿˻һɽ
µĴºɽ£ǴվɫŨ㴼֮أĿǴƬķɫһѩ滨ѩ׵ӻͶƵӭУ칬ɢľʤա
ɵͬ²ɽֻһţͱⴥĿסˣסվԭؾþ޷

ڣ´Դʢ
Ѥ÷£װŮٸǣڼ䣬̸ۣϷԶЩĵطһȺṫǾ¡

138 
Ϊ, ʲСʹʱ
ū澼轫
ûԥأɸ
ΧһƬž, һΡ
һ, ׼̧СĿԷһۣжжͻȻڣ´βҪ̫, һˤ°뱲Ӷ̱ڴϡ
̶Ѹһ졣
ղŻĵ˵϶û˿ھͱ˿, ˣǺй֮Ե轫
Щңȴֺܿ
˳޲˲ϳ˲ȻĨ죬Աһʼޱ仯³ĻһʼǰģŹɴݲȵ򶨣л轫ѣ轫Цˡ
⻰˵꣬仹ڿ, ֳϿҲ䣺϶´Ρ
ѾԶɽ֣صͼǣһطҲûӵء
ο, »ŵĸ, ϾԽ, ܺͶܾԽʱΪڻΣҲֻѡ
˹ĵףû˵¡
һæһҴ뿪
ֻ߳һξüȴš
ûŴ轫һɷǳǳ֬ζһǰܵصˣٿЩĺ󡭡Īֱ轫δζĿĲ򵥡
ֻϣҪ꼰Щ㡣
仺ۡŽձﴩϵȹĿϬشеı߽ߵͼ幤һ飬ס
û׷Ǯ
ػɽׯ԰ʱѾʼŮΧ԰֣һ˵˽
͵شȺûһӨӨѰ˹㣬㷽ȥˣ
ºЦҼһֱûȥ֮ʶ˼λɰСѣһ
ӨӨһǱãҲѰ㣬ɰҵĻˡ˵գɫսС㣬֮ǰںɻʱǲǶˡ
һ£Ǻɻ˵ҶïʢӰӰ´µؿԶҲûȷʵһЩ
ӨӨϽ㣬ϲ㣬ûб˼ҵʱҲû뵽˵ԺͲһˡ
￴żģݸû
ԳܹԽԽ٣λ޹ؽҪ˰ˣֵȥ
ӨӨţֶౣ֤˼䣬ӨӨŽķŻʵֹ˰ΣګګڣǡǸո˵ҪǸҪ𣿡
ţ
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ͺһߣ䵥ֽӹ˹ؿڵȭͷϸüңЦÕiţô뵥
ʹȭͷңŬ˼ȴһֱǯһ֡
ʼɫ䣬һջȭͷΪĴļ򣬹ЦСӹ鴫
Ҳ̽ƣͷӦؿȭҲһǰĴЦЦЩ굹˲˲١
ؿڣ¶һڴ˻ֻ治顣
һۣЦ˵úСһ
ת뿪ϵЦʧԼղĴƣһ˿Ѫ
ңʱָУҲûеκα󸿵޲ۼ
ĪһǰǸ͵ȡ˲ˣĲ
ʱ룬ׯϵı̸뿪
֪ݴк󣬱Сǰȥǣ
Ϊ佫ģδ׸֮
ⳡͺ磬Ҳǰǰ㣬ǰ̽˲١ղںǼɵֺܹܵ˿ڱѵľʹ
仺üס۵Ϊʹӿϵ˷ܺ㡣
轫Ů
ŲԶ٣תС׷ĽŮ˹Ĺ֣ͯ
ͯ糺죬вתε轫ںеβ㣬˵ãͯʮպҲٰһȫ磬֪轫ɷ
룬ǸʮӪлб䣬½ʱ޷μӣֻܱ
ȺϺ꣬Ϊ֤߶˭ˣѾĻ䣬ʧ顣
ô˻նǼ۰򣬽̯ˮ˵Ϊֻÿ
ͯʧ̧ۣȴǸ
Ų΢٣ɶһۣ׼סϢ·ͼ仺۾ķ
˫Ưڣ䲻ӡҳɱͲĶЦģȴԾɽŵýŲһ١
Ҳ֪ǲϴθµӰ̫أֻһ˲䣬඼ŵòˡ
Ů轫
ū澼轫
ûԥأɸ
ΧһƬžһΡ
һ׼̧СĿԷһۣжжͻȻڣ´βҪ̫ߣһˤ°뱲Ӷ̱ڴϡ
̶Ѹһ졣
ղŻĵ˵϶û˿ھͱ˿ˣˣǺй֮Ե轫
Щңȴֺܿ
˳޲˲ϳ˲ȻĨ죬Աһʼޱ仯³ĻһʼǰģŹɴݲȵ򶨣л轫ѣ轫Цˡ
⻰˵꣬仹ڿֳϿҲ䣺϶´Ρ
ѾԶɽ֣صͼǣһطҲûӵء
ο»ŵĸϾԽ󣬴ܺͶܾԽʱΪڻΣҲֻѡ
˹ĵףû˵¡
һæһҴ뿪
ֻ߳һξüȴš
ûŴ轫һɷǳǳ֬ζһǰܵصˣٿЩĺ󡭡Īֱ轫δζĿĲ򵥡
ֻϣҪ꼰Щ㡣
仺ۡŽձﴩϵȹĿϬشеı߽ߵͼ幤һ飬ס
û׷Ǯ
ػɽׯ԰ʱѾʼŮΧ԰֣һ˵˽
͵شȺûһӨӨѰ˹㣬㷽ȥˣ

139 
Ϊ, ʲСʹʱ
ò˵ڳĸ, İ, ҲĲϡ
¶죬ȥһΣԷˣȴ, ˵¶Ϊ˸СӣȥһΣٴα֮⡣
ζ϶ſ, ˸ѪͷȻøģλʼնͷڼ涼ûҳ¶һµıŮ
Σĸ֮㲻ٹȥֻڼаο˵»ȴ̥Źɼ
ҶԣǷҲǸ
ϸɴҵļС˺Ѿ߻ȥ¶ļױȫ, ͵ſǿû¶ļױֵܼʲôʱ
ٺ, ռһûȵҶս, ͵ȵ֪ݼͺ硣
һ, 𴲣桢ϴ硣
÷٣ȡԴӳТĸɹ֬ˮۣԾϸϸ档
ɿºŵϣü졢ۣºƷ溬飬μԽʻ
ֱｫһ£ϴֽΪĴմȾɫ󣬲ϸϸһΣɲŸźһпС㣬ôоڱ֮ǰƯôࡣ
ͷһĴ
Խ󣬾ԽûʱĽΣֻǶžӣԽ׷ԼԽ֮ǰƯ
ҡͷ죬С̫ǫˣôƯôǴ
һߣʺţǰȴ
ĸֻԵһʵڰ಻סܵĹ뷿һʰ
һߵȴһ갵ѾûннȦһ·ٶΪռһοȥ˵ݡ
갵ͷ
ڵķ׶ŮҪͬ
ֵֻҪ㹻ɣȢгоͲȢϱŮԣȴԽԽԿ
ţĸǱ־Цɬ
̧ͷֻһۣ̲סȥ
ֻĸǣŮһȹƻ𣬷溬ߣɴ£䣬̬֮
ŲϸжᱡɴϵĺҪһ㡣
Тںź죬ҲױԵʣϦദֵܼⷬװ磬ɱһ͸ʱľ޸С
ܺͶܵϷĨ죬̧ĺÿ𣿡ܽ粨
æ㣬Ư
ɬŴллܡ
ҲĿ佱찡ǱҽΪʲôڼҵʱ򲻸úô硣
Сӣ˭컯ʱױʰǿҲȥվӣƤ


˺ˣˮѾǷϡȻǳȥ棬ǱЩð̫ȣʱױûˡ
ֵæͷһĸ󣬱Ͻ
ռҵֻ˰ˡˣ帣˳ڣϲϳͷһ档
·ûס²۵Ҳ̫ƨ.ˣ΢ܵЩᣬӴ
Цţڣ߱ʵ˹ģôôͱˣ
Դȫϰ߾ͺá˵ۼܻͲˣﻹݵ𡣡
ոΪТѾܾûдĽˡΨһĽТǰĸʹո׬ǮͿǮóµǸСׯӵĽ
һ죬ԴҲû˵װɡԭǼţʱţ̫ڼﻻ̫ƨɣҹȻӹ̫˳ģ̫֪ϧ
˼ǰЩʱ⣬ҲɵһЦ
ûãռҵͳ˳ţ֪ҵׯԽԽֿʼš
ֵòɫǱϸĵʿ˳һ˼⣬һ˵Ժʱ£ɢע
ʲôȵǰˮ죬Ǻ˾ӣͽ˱ĺֱӰ˶ͷϺ°׹䡣
ʲôҹ˯Ա߸ǽĥĥ˵λʫĶС
ʡ򣬽ڶһ򱻳ûû˴롣
ȵȣһ㡣
ټʱ鶯ϣɫûһͽﶺֱ֡
һгú磬ʻӾٰׯʱո롣
ϣǲ׳ʣױҲЩ
ȡ־ģԲ˲
֪ݼҵӣʮ緢ͣҲǽոտеš
ٰͺ磬һΪף˳ٶʵλеĿӢţҲΪʵ̫ˡ
յׯſڣСǰϳͷݵһߵĲƺյϣһ˵λС롣
ҵׯԶռҹõׯӴҸзũᾮȻ򣬼ͣżɼũ񣬺·ֵĺͯһƬũУȤ
С˴ǰԺȣɽׯԺԭӦǺ԰λá
δ߽һ󻶿ǼƮµŵˮԼҶɻе㡣
ת֡ǽ˼һľ޴ɺӳ
ĺϣƬƬĺҶһ̡̡ị̄ɫһ㣬ˮ棬壬ڸɫɻװ£γһʢ
۵Ҳɴ̾
˴ɻԺС˹ˡ
ʱأӦŮֿ԰ݼ˷ˡ
˴֮ǰţǶĸ죬򶨣лãңʺΪǵĺܵ
뿪ûһʹһŮ
Ϊ˽ܣǼҽ㣬ΪոսТڣʡǲϵöˣһӰæ·㣬λͬŵã
ʢӣһλһ˫СĿɰ
֮갶˵λŹĺˣһһֱսһǲõġ
ʶֵл
һͨѺ󣬼˸Էֿ
ӨӨһλ൱õĿɰһ뿪ʢҽܣս㣬ǿӨӨ㻽ӨӨɡ
ºǳЦӨӨҲɻ

140 
ѩʱ, µֵǽ궬µĵһѩ, µú, ҪȡЩѩԺмѸѩˡ
ȴǺͬ, 뿴ѩˣʱԺеѾһݼ, ׼뿴ʲô, ʲôĶС
վڴߣͷԼѾÿżĶӣ̧££ϵĶ, ϧͷҲԡ
һ˼ˣȺǰòеĶڣҲ޹˼ɵسȥ֡
˵, , ڵҲײ.Ƕѩˡ
԰գ΢ƫƫͷ, ڣЩ, Щ
úúáæתͷ, Ըȥ
踮λദ˼, ϲ, ⼸¼, Ͷദغǲ, ̸䣬ҲΪ롣
ڴվʱЩˣֳѣ˿ȥЪϢһ
ͷüȥ˾ң˳Ҵ³ոջôһЩúˡ
æͷӦСѾͷԸ߷ҷߡ
һͨæֺ뿿ϣḧŶƤЩɡ
ôˣﲻܸо״̬Ǻܶԡ
ָо˸оҡͷ΢ЩӦǶģԡ
һСѾȥߡ
ȳڶˣɫɿӣгһڣопʼһʹ
ӣһʹ
ָϽָ֣š
ΣʹһӸ˲ĺ򾲵ˣǸҪˡ
ССڵشƽźӣҲȷʵòˡ
ڽ״ԤϣҲû̫š
ֻĸռҪʱֿǰһСƽڣӦûЩʱ߳ٸŪЩԵģ´ҸʹóԲ¡
ѾѾЩˣԲϼӦϣūھȥ
תȴֵһЩԺˣҪɫ졢ζأó֡
ǷˣʱЩ
£ܵȡԺֲָˡ
Դ˲ϼȻвӦǣˡ
żз˿ʼʱʱѾС졣
ڳִڣеǳѰȴ˾ǴȦûҵһ֮ǰСæˣӴϢ
ϢӵһͷƵؿʼš
ףĸ䲻£мڣӦò󣬵ǻŵС
״򶨵ߵУξ˵һֽīȥֵϰǣתͷиϡ
Уξһʿں溰ˣһƽ㲻Ҫż
֣лԡ
ֻ⻰˵򶨣½ŲȴԽԽ죬ֱѾС
Զʣµļ˻Χһп˵趼ξٳԭȿξĶŵģһЩ󲻳ڣȴóˡ
٣˵Сӣ˼ҷ޵飬һû׵Сܹġ
˵趼ξķ˻˫̥һû˫أǺø
趼ξֵߣòãظ飬ϸи

Żصϵġ
Լ󣬻̲סۣʱΥ涨ͷҲá
صУûȣϢĲ̹ܼҾ͸æ׼ҷѾүõġ
һһԺɱȥ
ʱԺڣЩæңвδ
ĸŴڲӵؿһ߿޻һŲں׼ҷˣһǽȥɣⲻţʵЩİء
ߵŬοϷˣ˻׼ʹأȥѷ˵ľͷɢô죿
ĸأҾ̲ס̲סҵް
ңǮֶֺ棬ϷǧˣһδСвϲͲˡ
ڲޣ˵ģȷʵЩ
׼ҷûб굽ϷǶǺá
ЮһѩܵԺʱľһ龰
Щͷ۵ʾֽĸȥҲûأͶڲſڿޣ̫
һקסһճѯʣˣ
үĻ˵ٵһδȫ
˵ţͼһСѾޱһʳСܽԺæ񣬸ʣǷҪĳʳ
үǵġ˵ˣ±Ǳ߸á
Ǳȥ
վڲ⣬оԼǵû˿⣬ӽơ
룬ʹ˽ȥֳ
ûһֱ߳㱨Ϊֹһ˳ڷ˻˫̥ԵʣڿñȽϿ죬Ӧö೤ʱͻү԰ꡣ
һ֤˵ȫ
Źأϣκ⣬һС
ֹףӦǣү
ȴʱ䣬尾
ɫ佫ĸԺǰź󲻾ãʹ𽥴
֮ǰǰͲţСƺߣܹ͵ķΧڣ𽥸߿
ıͦΣվڲһͷ·һľͷһ㡣
ֻǵŴ򿪣˳һѪˮʱ΢˶۾ͷһۡ
谵ҹɫȫִأϵѩɰռ֥СΪëѩ󣬰һ߿.ڴһ۵Ӥ䡣
üһɣǰĸҲС˳
ˣˣ壬ϥˡ
ĸڿ̫ʱ䣬ģǱⲢӰϲá
ץס֣촽һְરવ壬кˡ
ļ磬Ŀȴɶڲ⣬Դ粻룺вٺˡ
ĸȴһĹִҡͷһģһģЩѪ
˵գĨ飬ŶŽյĲҲ֪һŮǸСŮҲǼϲġ
ûãһλӳϲϲϷˣϲү˷ŲһλСӡ
ĸһ£ϻָЦգúúã̫ˣȥǣǧҪСﱧѩϸˣһԼȥơ
һѸ˻ȥ
˽ȥĸ˫Ѿ޵ÿ׳ɺҵ۾ϲ˫ֺʮ챣ӣ޴ҪһһСŮһСŮ
ڻţԼҶӺͶϱ࿡㣬ԾŹľҪԼҶ¶Ů׼ҵ뷨
ԼΪȷ޸ǷŮҾܾˡ
ĸԴкԽԽƯ
һʼɻСŮڵһѾӣһ϶Ůɡ
ʹٴֻһΣԱ֮ǰʹҪϺܶࡣ

141 ˪
ĽŲûסǰ, ȴڼ̨̤ʱ, Ӳֹס
˫н߬ȭճѩĳ, ְ, ס۵ߵĽơ
ĸҲƺŵʪӵݸѾߣȡһɵģһ߳ҭŲ, һдʣ챣, £챣ӣŮŮ챣ӡ
ĸԸƺǵЦһ, ֻЩӲȲƽǰȻ, ·ǿԹһ㡣
, ƺЩʲô, ƺʲôû롣
ֻɫŲڵʹԽ԰ףҲԽ䡣
һλѾ߶ѪˮʱֱӽסΣ
СѾҪ̧ͷ, ȴһֹס.ٴү, ״ʱܺ, ˵, ˵ԶеҪӳ㣬÷ЩʹҪ̫ż˵Լ
䣺
ɿסСѾߵ֣ԶˣſŲ¶һĨǳЦơ
ղˣûԼסԼ
ǿһλܽλӥ춼סŮˣһˣ
оϣڶӲδȴ϶೤ʱ䡣
ע⵽ոձĴɾļͷû϶ѩ㴫˵ڶ۵Ӥ䡣
ɳһ̵վڲ⣬ȴʰôȥΪ塣
ϲˣϲϷˣ˲µĵڶСһλǧŮ顣
ĸԱͣһ߳ҭһЦҵСŮһŮ
Ժǽ촫ĿⲻɫԺǽƽջء
Σ
үڰ˲°£Դһ
ĸ죡ȥſڽ׼õСľ͎ϣ飡

˪ſĶվԺĸǽ֮⣬ԺĸҭΪһ˼Ĳ²⣬÷ⶬѩһ㺮䡣
ձΪżĸڲӣһ컹δϢµǣʱ⣬ԺߣҪһʱõϢ
Ҳ֪£δŮӲӦóԺڣȥˣָĸ᲻ϲ
һʼֻԺվһվ
ϾԴӼĸʵʵǣԳߡ
ȴδ뵽ԺԺǽ⣬ⷬϢ
ʲôһЩѪ
ʲôǸСŮҲǼϲġ
ʲôһСŮˡ
˪££ϵĶ񣬾ԼָѾӲû֪
ԴӸĸŮϰ֣дԼԺʱ룬˪ĸ˪
ǡɾǣղа˪֦İ˪ǡ˪߽࣬ˮʯĽ˪
¿ǡ˪ɣ͡ϰɳ˪
ûҲûܿ
̧ͷɫ԰ףĺѯʡ
ĬĬͷû
˪ؼѾõĿֻ৵һ³ˮ⺮ĶҹУ赲
ˮڻϵĶëѩȴѪҺڵÿһ˿·ĳǵۡ
谵ѩҹУͶԶ
裬ƭҡ˪ţڡ
̾ϢһǰסСѱú¶ȵ֣ٴγԺȥ
һΣˡ
СڹִԺǽվСʱԸŲ˲
ʱԺΧǽǷԺǽڣ͸ūԺеӺϷ˺ϲϥ˫̥һϲ졣
Ժǽ⣬迴űšհ׵СӣֻĽŸոտʼ
*
Ǳεģڶʱʵ̫ۣʹ̫ԺһСЩ˺ˡ
ʶ˵ʱ̣żغЩҪż

̫󣬿ʱҲǺô
ٴλָʶЩص۾㷢ԼѾӲŲɵ˲Աߵӷڡ
µŵģĺɫ±
ԱſŵģһԴ
죬塣
Щ˻ƣš
ϣǴϵԴ̧ƺѵģȴãģңﲢ֪ǷԼĴ۽ƺЩ졣
˲ѹ俴԰׵գ۵ϸۣһ£ôǿڿʣǶˣ
Լһ£Сǿɶã
ãһһŮŮ˫ȫޣллΪĺø˵գϽ˳ȥѾȥΪ˳ʳ
ԼһյˮڣСķ
˿һ۵С仳УűյССڽˮꡣ
üչŽӹձСķƽһʱĳʳкིܶóأһ͸
˵գƣּ⵽ӣ˵һӾУֻܸоģǶһӣʮ죬˵أ
㱻⻰֣˵һˣô˽Լӡ
Ҳģޡ
ټӼӣΪϣõġ
￴Ǻͮͮ۾ͷĪһڣʮ塣ϾҪˣʱѧϰеĹأȻϾ͸öˡ
ʮǲѧÿ죬ʵڲУʱֺĸԱء
￴ѵִŵģû磬Ĭ
䣬ж׳ޣԼܴ⺮ĶڴһʱҲá
ֻǣϳһ㺹¶ʪˡ
ǲȣ麹Եһ¡
ûһ߽һλѾߺһλӣ±
ڸµĹУע⵽ԼֱϣʱڹʹҧĳݺۣѾϸϸͿĨҩࡣ
ֵСĴָָ϶ѵָףҲϸϸ޼ãͿĨ˸ҩʱѱ觺޲
Ѿߺȥٴ󣬱ڶԼָ
ü΢ǰ·Żرˣ㲻Ҫ۸
üˣЩ㴦ģ
ͷֽӹµ٩ҷҲлˣݡ
򴽣Ļȣò˵ҷڸв
ýҩౣģڸϧҶδܳһڡ˵𼸲ŵĽŲ죬ӹѾߵ棬ϸĲιһڿڳ¡
꣬ɫٴƣ佫£Ҵñǡ
ʶԺٴ˯֮ǰż𷽲ôӷ
˵ŮӲӷӲӦ롢
ʱʶ𽥻ԥ˲һ룬ǷԼʶ
⣬˯֮ѯҲ١
ٴ˯һֱɵ¹ࡣ

142 ϴ
ḧȵĶͷ, һĥνڼιֵķ, һ̾ûʧȥ
£תôٽһȷĲ޴󰭺, ų׷
Ҹסһ, ռɣڴڼ䣬ϸ𷭱
˿С϶֮ҡ
λӳһЩ޴󰭣˼ֻóԺúȺ˯ס, ˫ãɵŻܾ
ԺԱߵķУĸλｫСԹι˵رƺ첼Ǹ٣Ӵ, ĸСŮ, 㿴üۣÿĸ˵ǲǣ
ֿĸеСŮӤ, ˵, ٳ໹, , ˵ò, ϷòҲãССһʤ
ĸ䷳µߵߵߣܿ㽫еСŮӤ˯ˣתͷһԵСӤ
СӤĳСŮӤĳ಻һֻͬơ
ӤüȴԸüƣģȻҲǻδԵʡ
ĸЦúϲ£죬Ǹߵøͣ
һߵ߻һߺָпƣһҶģĶƼҶģ
⣬Ǳ޴ؿ۾ֱʱûףʱϣȴǻϲá
ãˡ
Ҳ̲סЦϲϷ˵óԸ
ԺУӺŵʱ踮ǰ󾭹˪ȻͬԤϵǰ㣬ֱӿ۾
ҲûһζǰȰֻǵˣΪݹһյ²裬Ȱ˵СѾ븮ǵĹϵòǧҪڷ˸ո̥ĽڹϣɥȥʱϷָˡ
²⣬踮֮Ի˪С㣬Ȼ֪Ƿԭ򣬵ǣ˪СϷ˳ͬѪԵϵȴҪһ㡣
СǧҪϷ룬涣
˪ʪӲ˲۾⻰û̲ס۵һ˳
һ߿ޣһʹҡͷʣ裬ƭңôܲǸ׵Ůôܣ
룬ղЩӦֻĸϲϰԵؽĴڸǣһ˵
ֿеĻԼҲ˵ǲ²⣬ûκ֤ݣ档
ĸ׶ãôܻ᲻踮Ѫ
¶㲻϶ãСҲԴ
ϴθ׹ʱ͸׺ɰ׵ӣ׻Цˡ
ôܲǸ׵Ѫ
ܵģ
Ȼأö游īͬĿۣ֮󱻺˺ü
˪촽˶ûҳѯ֮ǰļҾ
û֮ǰҲԼ˵޽֮ǰֻһӣʲôūʹ
ˣҵôǰ㰺īͬĿۣһöп
˪˻Դܾ롣
ֻǷִӱ־ԼĸƵӣǸ׵ĺӣһ˭˵ܸı䣡
ڶ磬ԺһߵУϢ߽ӣѾ𴲣ڴߣŴĹ߷СͷñѩСոūԱ˪Сӣڿޡ
ѩЩ죺޵磿
ףδԺб˵ū˴˪СѹûнԺ
ûнԺȴ޵ڣòǼԺ̥ϲ죬Ϊˣĸɡ
ѩ򴽰꣬ü⡣
⼸£ͬסһԺӣټ֮ǰദĻദû㲻
˽Ҫȥοȴ踮ҲֻŮӦòͽЩǷǷǣ˿ô
ͷлδ깤ɫͷСñΣ̾Ϣһߡ
Ҳգֻҡ֪ɡ
˵ѪҲܱٴγֲۺá
踮˫Ӥؾĵ̥ӤҪᣬҲټҲҪ˫ӣˣ踮ϴ¶ٰ൱͵
ȥμӵģֻոһˣټһЩͬżŮ졣
Ȼٰ̾õ͵Źȴÿһζ
ĸžŹ񵥣ࣺصģŹòỹǵؽذɡ
¼䣬Ѿӵȡá
к质ߣŮ质ء
ԻȻŮ˫ֱ̥ӦùԳơ
ԴˣӶǳ˷ܣѡúãѩǣ˪ԴҲû˿뷨
ɻ˪õݺ黳ǰһʱ䣬ǶڷпЩʲô
󣬵Ŀȫ뿪踮ļӴյһ𣬿СӤ
质һֱȽϽӲƽؽЩ̾ÿŻнСŮӤؽԺ󣬿϶Ư
质վԱ߸ͣҲ۸׺ĸ׳öأ⣬ؽԺܲƯ𣿡
质͵ͷʱһֱɽԺԲ֪Źؽˣؽĸ׶ʱ˵Ҫףϴ񣬴δû¡ĸʱֱֵúϲ£졣
质ѸٴԺеȡŹϣεǵǲ
Ź˳˽һЩһЩεһЩҲûʲôëȽʺϵš
质͵ͷСĵػ˻λеСӤԱ߼С˵˵ҲŮУôҲǶΧǲ߸
质һۣЦ̧˹ȥû취˭ؽСģ̫ɰƲء
ѩҲŵͷͣÿ۾᲻ƿ
˪һԣϸع۲ؽüۡ
ʹУ˪ҲܴؽϿ븸ü۵֮Ա߲߸Ҳͬ㡣
˪ĿؽѲһȦŲؽĶϣоԼؽĶ״ƣǳǳһСԲ滹һСǳѣɰ硣
֮ߵ߸ߣ߸Щ˪о˳ͷ϶һ诶Ѱ֮
գգۣ߻ؽߣüëϸؽüëϸһء
质ǿһüΣЦӦöҶüСﳤüεģƯ
˪Ա̲סŴЦǸ˵Ӧһ̧ḧ˸Լüβϲõðݡ
˵֮ǰĶǴԣĸ˵Ҳ
ؽ׽㣬ǵĳ϶Ƶġ

ʱ质ͻȻһϲĺǿ쿴쿴
ͶȥĿ⡣
ͼ߸̽һֻС֣εץס质ɧʳָ质ϲķӦֻ˫۾սеСзʶ̾
质ı˲ɾϲתΪŤϽͷҪԼָȳģҵĸСڣ־۷ſſָͷҪ˶ˡ
˼ģ׷״Цװòˣװ͹˰
䣡Ͻգ
֡

143 
质͵һ±ٵĶ, Цǰ质ָеѾ
ü
ôˣ
, ͸㲻ҲҪݣ
质ּӴ˼, Ⱥװ质ѳˣָһ£Ҳűɫ

˪Ƕ˵仯, ɵָ̽ؽС֣ôˣСӵС
һ̣δڵĻ㱻ؽȻץסҭȥ৵һºۿ
ء, , ۣء
质Ǽæڳһֻ, æ, δջ质ͽ߸质УæŰ˪ȳǸָ
ʱѩҲָԵĺۣٿеСޣ档
ƿůʱ, ıǼľ̾顣
ôˣѯʡ
˪ͷ, С, 质໵ǰղܵ÷ŵı˵һ顣
, ץ质֣㿴, ʹϱӵľû
üֳһ˿Ц⣺ŴҵʣȻΪͣûˢӣôôƷξġ
ҿĸСľ质ˣĿһѾ
ǸоλӦŴǵĸ
ģŮӶԲʲô׷ױ۵ͷԣ˵Ķԣ
߸ؽȻС˾ССͶ֪Ÿ׵ŵŴ
ƾ󣬿϶۸ǡ
λԼ࣬ȴûпڴƵֳͬ˪ѩȴȫˡ
һؿ䣬ٴολãоǾ̾
ֱֻ£ѩǻ;ģ˪ȴǿɬġ
ԼСӰԼϼ὿ʣոռᶨٴζҡ
еָָҪġ
ˣ߸ؽ׼ĳΪϲ֮ǰԤ֧һĨͷǵȥ˷֮ǰûˡ
质˵ɴ۾ϲͷ
ףá质˷ܴС
Ǹף˫ǲҲȡˣ质Ųעʲôֻע
һۣ󷽵ͷȡˣԭȵȱ
ٺ٣ллףǵȻ质˷ܵرźµߵߵߡ
质ü˼һڣףǲ֪ǵʱԤ֧Ŀģ
乴𴽽ǣζǰ˲ٵļ˹ǳЦҲǺ£㲻ҪϹ롣
质ǣ
˵ݶˣȥϹ룿
֪Ԥ֧;ȴԵȥ˫ѵİɡ
ȻҲûǣҲ̫ˡ
֪ΪµĶ϶ټԽԽ׳е˹ԽԽԶ
ЦؿСӴ͵ӣת뿪ǰͻȻͷ˵ͷڽ˪һۡ
ΪϥѪԵʣ̬ѵñȽºֻͣ㲻ԺʱҲҪ󷽣Ҫίίں棬踮档
˪һ̧ͷ䡣
ıºͣһǰ㣬˪촽˶ڣһģס
ϸϸģҲȽ죬ֱָ̬ȣѾȽ⡣
ת뿪ů˪ؿſڵֱֹͣζŻۡ
ǵЦƲסص£Цȴƫִ
׹ˣ
϶Ǹ׵Ů
һΣһˣ
ӷӵӣǿġ
һµʱ䣬Ҳϴʱӷڽ˼ˣ֮Ӿһɲ䡣
ЩԼӦ˫ӣֶӳʮ졣
ۼ۵׵ļ֣ǽĻȥ
ҲգȨ尲ġ
ڼ䣬ʱȤ˶ŪճŮ⣬ɻɫ˵Ÿڵİԡ
գɵİֽһ䣬ͻȻڣү˵뻤ѾȢ˼ԸӦʣ
һ£ЦƲסȻɬֱӣѽū澵ȻԸ⣬ٺٺ٣Ҳҵôãٺٺٺ١
ﱻǽߵģһЦ˳ȥùǿʲôӡ
ӦһæСȥԱȡ
û˵һЩҪ֮ǰ׷׷ôڣѵϷٵȵȣٶһʱ䣬ū㹻֡
Цָͷһ£ִ϶ƢҲǹߵ㡣ϽףȻޣʱŮܵؽ߲߸ߣһʶ֣ܻϢ
Լ˴ϵõЩ֣ȴҲϵãдһдɵֺڣֲ˼Ŵ֣
Ҹо¶ѣΪ뻤һ֣дûûҺÿء

ٺֱЦĺãߣ⣬ٺٺٺ١
ۣ
ĵɶŻѡ˻ӣΪϲԾϲҲ˲١
ֱɫֵͳ
ӷ˵¶Ȳ䡣
䣬ټϲӻ麹ÿ䶼˯òǺһյشҷյӷһƽȵľȾ˼
żҹʱҲоȺġ
ϡУŵз·϶еζ
ȴʹѾߺӺȷ˽ɻԼǲѾƳ˴
ֱ䣬ﱻһξѣоůڵģŵģůڵġڻе䡣
ʱϵ麹Ѿٴν½ʪŲϸϸĺˮ˳ģȴû˿
ĵһ޲ϺˮѾûԡʵ
ʶЩģ͵һ䣺塣
ϽڻУͺ壺û¶û¶˯˯ɡ
𴽽ǣоһӰ࣬ʱֻڴϲͣس麹ȴﶼȥ˵ĲƺûôѰ
˯֮ʪĶӡһǣ̶ʱٴα޲һԣȡһɵģΪ²á
ʮڳʮڡ
죬ó׼ˮʹʹϴ˺ü衣ϴֱо϶ʮ󣬲ݡ
ԡҳϼ޲ͣͷͷµˮŵѬš
ڵͷѬɵĹУϼһԵģԺ˵λСŴүδ϶Ϊ
λССǵ˵һӶǷڻǿӦ
ЩΣ֪һ㣬Ϊ˺ڹ
ʵϣûã㷢ǵĲͬ
ΪˣιʱҪ뿪ԼߣµʱǱȻٵʹ̼ģֱӽ˦ȥûвȵĻᡣ
Ժﾭ۲췢֣߸ؽλȷʵ彡ܹ׵ؽ߬ɳһʱȫ۵Ľȶ뷨
߸ؽû
һλѾԱߵů󣬲һתطˣλСӻûѣ豧
룬ͷѾϴزˣٱɡ
ǣˡ
ܿ죬λ㽫ٱ˹ҵůϡ

144 
ｫѾѬɵͷ, ˬ˵ζ泩ߵ
ʱ߸Ѿ۾˹, , ˹³һСݡ
һʱĳɳ, ݵСӣѾ𽥳Щӵģ
ڸرСС󲿷ʱ䶼˯ؽ, ߸Ҫ׳ʵࡣ
ｫᱧָᶺŪָ, Խָס, 𴽽ǣСһ, ͦ, Ŷ
߸ѭķ, һ̾
ﹴ𴽽, һĨº͵ĳЦ⡣
ãĸù, ˪ѩ˹, ܿ죬Ժٴ
Ӵ, ĸ, ĸĲ߸ؽĸûĸһ, Ц
Ϥ, ߸ķӦĸ˲ԴؽѶδѡ
ĸһůϵС٣̲ס졣
һոϴģ̽̽˿ʪȣȫѬɵģЦʱɲ˶ԺеҪඡ
𴽽ǣҪл֮ǰѣѬ߰˷ָɾˣﻹĥ䵽ָɶȡ
ĸüһչ
ϱ˺ѹĸת㿴˪ѩСشյůǰŴϵĲ߸
ĿǳԹ˪䵽ѩϣڶ䣬һǱ㵽ǼůϽ֮ǰǮֽǵ巨ϰһ£¸¹꣬Ǳֳһ꣬ǴˣҸûĶҪպòС
ѩ˳Ц֪ģĸǿ϶Ŭѧã治踮档
꣬ʮһĴˣЩҵĻܣֻҪѧϰģ϶˭Ҫϡ
˪վѩԣҲͷ
ⷬɵģĸɫ
ڴ߸һһԵ˵лޣղſЩ֣
ףǸʱԡҲûǸȥһ졣
淢ʲô¶
˵Ǵ󽫾󺣳ˡ磬ͻӪʬ˾ǣղŸ֮ԻᳳʥϷʬϳǽ⣬֮еİնȸԾء
˼ͷ
󽫾󺣳ǰӵ췴ڽһΪȴ͢ǿѹܺƫһۡ
ȴû뵽䵽һڳǽʾ˵³
Ϣǵģգδļ¶ٺۼ
Ƕ踮еһˣϢȴЩһЧ
质Ϣʱ鷿飬ۼ껹вһ£Ժ˼١
ⳳ֣ȥ̽
ʱвΪ⣬ȴδ뵽󣬾һϢ
󽫾󺣳ѾʬѱͻӪ˾ǣʥϷʬھ֮һ£Чȡ
质ԣԴԾرһ¡
̧ͷɫƺޱ仯ҲֻǴЩȣȻ
δĸ˷ܿڣǰǰڳеĺöն׷ʬӳòҶǳ֡ǸĽֵԺɨܻзѾ
质ǰϵָ˽׿ϵ鱾Ϊ̾ϢҲգһҪ飬㲻ȥ֣ҳȥλպĴ󽫾õǺģ
һִԱߵС¯ȡˮȲ裬عϷţС˳ȥ
ֱܲ质ƽϲֳѺۡ
̧ḧԼӣ֮ǰͼʱλѰԼİԵģ󺣳ƣϵֱ͹
Ϊʲô
ǰûиκαӻɱĸﾡáҲҪתһȦƽ
Ժпٻһһ棬质ǵвȻһëı־塣
󺣳ƣǲǴ踮ҲܵǨŭܵʥϳͷ
ֻߣ𾴵º͵ĸԼոճλãӲһˡ
ţ̲סԼҪƾ˵뷨
ʱѾھ˵ǰ¶ھҪεĿܶޡ
鷿ңȡһöĸ֮ǰÿŮһöС־ϸžԼüۡ
ԭоԼе󺣳Ǵݲ޶ƣȴԽԽоԼüۡӡ촽Ļȣ󺣳һ޶
质ǵĺ̲ס٣Ҳһ亹
ֽ״̬£һذס
ڡСġԼҲ֪ȶжء
磬ʱûеһʱԺȥ质Ǻ质סտԺ
ȥûãС˴ȥ
ڿϣһ߶ŪŸոССһŵؽһΪ빬Ĺء
вһ£´
ڽĹΪٺμӵĵһ磬ʱҲӣӱܵĿܡ
Ʒ޴±빬μ硣
ոǱոְΪƷĸ˲޳ϯʸ
踮ߣĸڹϡ
ĸӺ֮ǰλֵĽ̵ѧأֻʱӳأһʼֻţһ˫ӣ㿪ʼ
ֻոճӣλҲ̫ݣһ֪ʶ;ŮΪ
ֻ㱨˵һظȥտԺЩ죺ǸͳǱ߳ʲô⣿
ӻش˵֪صصͷ
Ȼ棬Լճӵӣûгȥ磬ϱ߶ŪؽߵǱߵϢ
ûãصԺѾߴš
ϯ䣬ѯʣǸͳǱô𣿡
ͷЩԺȥǲ糿䳡ȥˣȥˡ
һЦ
踮λӣ˵质ΪһϲͨͶŸƫȥѧ䣬ô质Ǻ质ȫǱȥѧ䡣
У质˵ˣȴ֮һ츳质һλ֫ˡ
ÿȥ䳡ѵܴȫµÿһëƳľܾ
质ƽǶ䳡ƵжԶжԶһˣͻᱻ䳡ѵȥʲôʲô䡣
֮ǰΪԤ֧ÿ糿˫һȡָֻԭȵӡ
ܻй֮޲
ǲأû˱ȥ򣿡˵գЦ⻹ǳˣһɣӰִȥ
ЦһͷûСӾˡ廹ãֻЩ΢ĿԣԼ͵͵Сȥץҩ֪
ǣֻܷ质ӱܵ⻹¡
ֻҲͰˣһ̾ϢֱӴǸտԺеһˡ
ǸǱ߲΢ЩҲǸģһţȥûܷ֡
ͣЦ⣬̾Ϣôˣǲʡģһ֪ȥʱ̫˹ʱڵ֡
ȴƶΥĴӺǲʱͷǳһµܲײˡ̲˸Ҳϲ͵СӺúóԡ
룬Ҳ޲ɡ
ܹڼӦʳȣΪһЩ۹ɹ֮Ķһ
ϵļԻҪһġ
ܿ踮±㶼֪Ϊү͵ûȥ䳡״»Լˣһ׳ʵĴү۲ˡ

145 
ү, ˿Ӻ󣬷֮һµ̲ܲˡ
ѾԼ͵͵ҩ֭ӵ质
һиհõĿҩ֭ӸȥѿɫڿûһС˶һˮײܲɲɫ
үడ
ҲΣСľ˵үˣС̫
̯ô糿, ȥ䳡, ʲô취
质븸׸ղµͷһ˲䣬ɫ͸ˡ
ոմ˫нѳôָӱȥأ
Ҳ֪ȥǿ壬Ϊ, , ǼŴ
δǰȫҶһլӡ
ֻҪѧúãʹ񣬻ûа鼡, Ͻ־棬˾ϳЩɫ
֡, Ǽ治ȥ, ˵Ǽ, ﶼûܸĶϰʱʱؾͻḴһء
뵽ֲ˹ĵߩ±飬ԼƵģȥԺӶ质ǵ޷
һƹ磬㿴质ɫ԰׵ڴϣڻ˯С
质ģһӾ͸ˡ
źĴ£ͷִһ磬ɵԱߵϣô˯ǻ˯
ʵֻԶѣôǿ׳ôֵȴø
ضүȷǻ˯
ô£
üҼүһʼֻЩ΢ĿԣʱͻȻоͷǺʱ̫һײ˹ȥ
ոմ˵ܻᷢȣúһʱҩܺá
质
ײεмͭĹϵԩ
ƺҲ֪质ʲôֿڲ䣺ү˵Ƕүһõͷ˸ȥ䳡ѵķôүײһ£ײȥ
ñ
质
һӾˡ
˭֮һָ̫ͣϲأ˭
质ᡣ
֮质Ƿдһԭŵ质죬һֱȿȿȵûձϸί˳ȥ
质뿪ã质ǾƵת
ʶƮһŻԼε֮ǰĳ
ʱոϢ󼫶Ⱦ֣뵽˻ذף˼ԥأͻȻһʹǰһڣ漴˹ȥ
质ɻ۾򴲱ߵѯʣôˣ
æش𣺡үСεˡոմѾ˵ײͷЩѣԵ嵭ЩٺһʱҩԴϢ
ͷ䣺ү˵ֶүȾ㣬һµܲײˡ
质ǣ
оĺϿģͲһ¡
ЩɣȴûбֳֻǱϸ˼ˮŰڴͷɫѯʣȥ֣Ƶ
ʵһΣ֣˸оЩˣʵûʲôÿġ
质ǵĴ˿ȴƽ޲ʲô˵ģСǺģ䣿
ź˵ˣˣкöر˺ۣܴŷֵ۾ģƲʲôģ
˵λ󽫾֮ǰһλӣΣȷʵˡ
质ǣ
оԼĻشͣ죬ŬѹƣЩһҲģ
ͷϵƤⶼⷭҸоĸг˸ɵģרŻĲҡ
质ض࿴һ룬޷ӵ󺣳Ͽ˿ϤУǱؾ͸Ӳܡ
ңЩ뵽ôѾ֪ݵ϶뵽
µˮ©·񣬵󺣳ϵ˺۾˸Ҳ˵
ţ质էȻɣȴȶȿʼӿԴҲѣԽˡ
оԼ˯质ǿѯʣ׺ĸ֮ǰ
ͷ˽ճӣûгţ֪ѯʹú
үʱ˵Ͷүһ̫רעѧϰĻȥ䳡壬ŻͶүڴ֮ǰϴµײˣúӡ
质ǵͷǻ
ȷʵǸúúӣһȲţҲأˡ
ƺˣҿЩҩʱҡ质˵̲꣬ס׹Ļߡ
ֻʶɢǰһ룬лһĵĲ롣
ԴµײˣǱŷӵȥǸһӵТɡ
Ӧòᡣ
ʼնûйڹǸ˵գ֮ǰƣ裬Ǹʲôϵ
Тڵġ
ҹֵȥտԺ质ʱͷԱȰʱѾ˺ܶࡣ
ȶڣ¶ȴߣңҲ԰
质æҪȴһƸ˻˴ϣֱͦͦڴϲܶ
质Ǹµһƣһοѧе
ס૿ڡ
һ£ڴһһµߵļÿһ£质ǵļͻһ֡
˵ղɵ£㵱ʱġ
质ҧż飬ش
ӵʱͷһȣŵЩѡ˵գ̧ͷȷϣף𣿡
ƲƲ죺񣿣͵󺣳ϵƣҵͲؼҵӣ͵ĳطȲҲͰˡ
质ǸܵеԽֿЦԵģҲоҺһҲ񡣡
Ϊ͵󺣳Ҳ֮Ե󺣳ǻĸ͵ˣԸá
֮ǰͼǸˣ˵ڳˣһӵѪǸ
Ц£ʩҹ档úһˣƽȥĦǵ뷨ʲô
֮ǰ˵󣬻صȥһ󺣳Ļûʲô񡣵ʱ֮Ի˵ӦΪǵض飬ضǶȿ󡣡
ǶǵƶȣֻҪԼ飬Ǳֹ䣬˻ɡ
质ǵĻԽԽ˷ܵı飬ûаƽģһӶٺ˵öԣǶˡ
оʱ࣬һ½ղȥѨ⿪
质˲оһůڵůӽŵװϵĳҲůڵˢ£ȥ˲١
ʬϵڻʱġҲ£ҪôǸо֮ǰԼԼΪıҪô
Ҳʶֲһ֣ԺпտȥҲǰҲ׼
质ǣ
ԭЦı𽥽ӲΪĮչһĻȡ

146 ´
Լ, ҲΪ, ָ滹ƵѪ, , ǿЦ
质Ǹ, ĵԼӵĵ󺣳, Ϊֵز
, ҲоǸ˵ķ, һȥġ˵ʬڳǽҰգòȥҲü
㵽ֹ, ܿԹ, תЦŴȤڵЩ㱻£֮ǰ㽫, ߲·֮ת·жã
质ǵһ¾ͺ, ģףӴ, Ժһ˼УҲçײ¡
ҹ, صԺԭŲչԵӷߣнһξ, һƬ谵, Ȼ, ʽӡ
Ѿӷ˻ȥ
, ԭ۵ױ㶸ȻԾϼĨɫʡ
һ̤һµңһϤӯ.
ᡢ㣬š
һһ٣Ųӯ̤ҵĻ
Ȼ㿴֮ϣſȿϣϴ󲿷ֵطޱֻ¶һ׵˿ִఴš
ͶĴֳӰӣһͷͼɫŹֵ䡣
æ񣺡ūү
˹İ֣ôˣ
үΪһºĻʹѧϰأΪճӣӻȽԵʣʹūڰ˰󡣡
ףϹһգŶȰڴϣ΢°ͣ
һ°ﰴ
ԭоͨ泩ڲȵɨĿ⣬ֻú.Īо߳
ſůϣƺߺں䣬תѯʣջЩѾùţ
ڱһһٵģѾԼ㹻Чȴš
俴ϵȾһ˵ҷۣ𽥱
ѾͬùˣոջȥտԺǸ
һüټ䣬ͼͻȻ˳磺ȥ߸ؽһ
ߡ
ֱŲԶһֱŵļŻ
ոһоԼĿ£ӶҪˣͻȻӿ㺼¶ɬ
һֱΪﰴֱۺȶӣԷ˼û˿
ֱĦϣ̵ëϵҩϤøɾһ񣬶ˮë뿪
һ߳㼱æãֱȷϲ޲ףһ
֮ǰ˵Ӧþͬʱơ
ڵӦ̵еڶС
¹Լ壬һֱμ
ѹļĽţ۾ޱ߼ʵ˼͸оߵıһ£ţһϤϢ
۾䲻֪ʱѾʵϵº£ֻһ°ůϣӳܽɫӳ⣬ԵøȻҾԡ
ޡ
ƶɬסļ́ӣһ˲ͱճ߷ţϵĿ۵׵ĻȶȾϻȡ
ޣޡ
﷢֣ƺ֮
ÿһε־ʱջ˼룬ı־
С˼ĭ˵ûǲҪĻҿ֡
ͻȻһӷѹϡ
㾭һµϤιӵûϺܶ࣬ȴôǱȻгҪԲһЩ
ʱУ͵һɱ͡
ֻˣ֮ǰڣѾ˿һꡣ
˵ſľе͵ʹϢתĺճıԭ͸дԵƷӵ˼¡
˼µɤջһ±ˡ
ǡ
ԣҲȥ
첻
ޣҪţΪں塣ѾСˣôҪ
ۣ

һҹůڻش
Υļ˶ڶպģ˶Щˡ
壬ֵ
ʱſ仳еģϤů¶ȣܺõůһͺֽš
۾Ժһ˿ͳЦ
ϸָӱ˳յϸϸ˱ǣޣã
΢죬һ̧ۣ۵ڴ
һ£ϷӦҲܺãܰ
䴽ǹ𣺡ã
ر
佫ڻе͵ЦҾ֪ϲģԺΪÿ춼߸

ϵǳߣ³ܲסѰӣԼˡ
ſڣҪܾСӵķУȻϤ޺
˲䣬ԭджҲСӸ޵ɢ
һ£һЦ׷𴲸¡
ߵĴٶȱȽϿ죬ȥԱӵķ䣬ﴩԾᷢʱͼѾһ˽
ͭǱߵķǳЦؽôˣ
ؽˣСƢر꣬㿪ʼ
˵꣬ĬĬž˹ᷢģ죺Ӧҡ
￴ЦϹ˵Ｑˡ䣬˱ޣֺͼմʲôϵ
ҲֻͣĬĬŻеСѾͷЦ
鵱治꣬㲻ٲξ֮ǰҲҪλ´.ҩСĸɱ֮졣
֮ԸʱĺۼǱĥµضˣѧὫĵףԸʾǰˡ
֣ϸϸĦŻλƵСǧ𣺡ϧûѧҺõķ档
ƽԼǼĳƢϧѾͷ̳ȫ
֮Ҫúý̵̵Ѿͷ֮ôùɫ۸ȥ
ؽв֪ʱĸףһ̶ʲô¶޳ݵЦݡ
Ծ귢٣һӶЦĸŮҲ¶Ц⡣
֮ʱúܿ졣
ֻһգۣϦԽԽ
½ܹĵϰͶ񲹣ڳϦǰ죬иѧüǵĶѧ˸š
вǣԵͻ״оǵݡƷԼֲɵȵȡ
ʱ䌬ֻ̣֮֮࣬˽˸ţֻ֮Ҫµ͵ӦҲʲôӡ
ȣѾǰ࿪ʼѧĸֵΪɡ
ֱȥĦԱ߰οõģѧѾͦˣԭѧҪˡ

147 Ϧ
ؿĸĸ, ƺһҲţ
ĸЦе, һŮģڵȻǲŵ, ÿǸǰӣҪԼȥҿܾ͵ԼԼڲ, ֱӱˡ
һȥμֹĹ, ĸֻҪһ, ССŮѷ, ͳˣܻͷ

ѧϰǵļ϶, ǰʲôĶꡣ
е׾ͼǱ, 踮ͼǱѺװʮ, Ϊ, 仹רһӻͼǱһˡ
¡ð, һͨǰϰоԼԴӳӣûй
ѹмְֵˣÿԾ۵С
Ϧգ质Ǻ质ڿ˿һµİײܲ, Եһʳ, ӯ
ǣûײ˺ܲԵ¡
质һ߼ϵġ˵ͷ, һߵζ, һ¿ɲû
质ҧ˼ڡ˷ơ, غģףӺ֤ԺӲһἰʱҲ͵ˡ
ڹƺܳʱ䶼ܲͰײˣɵ̲˶롣
质ҲԱͷˣԲˡ
ΪһλҪ͵ߣ质Դӱ䷢ֺҲųСµܲײˣǳԵ۾ˡ
ݣһӾץ׼ԺĲˡ
ϦԲһ٣һ١
ֻϣ䡢ĸҪȥи磬˽ֻǼСһһ˾ʹһ֡
俴ϵ质Ǽ˵Ǹ˽ʮĴˣǲڣŻʱ
ЩңֺͲ̹ܼңչ˺õãҪüгӣ
质һࣺܣףͷĺˡ
ֽĿŵϣǻЩڼǴ磬ŻӦá
ǣס
ӱίΣһ۾ġ
踮ǺŰһҲûʲôףˣ˸жǺü˾һ𣬼ھйְҪȥи磬л֧Ӧ
ֻ踮˶㣬ؼʱ˼ӣһ˶ޡ
Ҳĸһʼǰſ֦ɢҶԭ
ڣĸϵļСӣԺл˯̱Сеһӿ⼸ӵϲ
ӱӣȻѾҵգǱҲҿȥ֦
ӣֻСԼڼңжൣġ
ù緹Ϣһ㿪ʼԡϴ£׼ȥе硣
质Ǽ̹ܼҺֽǢһ¸гϦ׼Ⱥ󣬷׷׶ڸе׼¡
质质ǰڿڲúõĺֽϣһһŵдŸֺͶ
˪ѩߵѾѧϰֽˣÿԺͼš
质ͣеȥ˳ְŸϵСһ𣬺˼ֽĵ
׼׵΢Щʳ׼ʱڵĵѾȫ߸߹𣬶ֱҲ׼׵
质˵õϢһΡ
￴ǼϵĳȣοضǸ궼ʮˣ껹ø˵ף
ʮſʼ˵ףѾˡ
质ǵͷѵЩɬĸףȵӿ˵
质ҲЦԶԶԣʱҲˣĸ׵ʱԸһ˵
ĸԱţûסЦ˳úúãʱ϶˵õģ󷽣ǻÿɰԼҪǰ
质һӴĸףңңϲ䣬뺷ɤŴģӸоĺܲңһ͵ģǧҪӿסˡ
˵꣬գۣʾ
Ȼȴûнյ˼ֻ죬ЦУúúãһ㿴סˣɱңױЦˣһô㡣
质͵õŵЦ۾ǾͺãǾͺáϲģƵģĸҲһ¡
质ɫһ䣬ҡͷ绹ˣˣֻҪǲŮУĸ˳۵Ķԣ۹⡣
ζһۣЦˣʱ䲻ˣĿ϶⡣ǸԼϲʲôģĸ˵˵
质򴽣ЦЩΪѣʵϣҲ֪Լϲʲôġ
ҲˣЩҲȷʵ˼ˡ
ֶһ˲ǰʹſڶȥ
ͦεϣһиϰ֮ǰѧĹǼɻǣһֱ߽ߵĸһЩùϯϹˣ
֮ϣ佫Ǿƺףֺ
˵Ҳ˽ľǿոƶӲãϾһ°̵žɰ̣ٺȳЩ⣬ǿ޵ʱ
ͷ޳ָڸԻһ£һԪ״㶹ƣģõϲ졣
ƽõ㶹ƶǳεģԪ״ģǵһμ
һۣЦµһ궼Ҫͼһ²ͷˡ
俴Ԫ״㶹Ŀֽ£ֵЦ㲻õңЩʳ޶Ȥлһɣš
ֱָ̣ĿŹЦ⡣
ҲŷһֱļĽŶ˿ȤЦ£ɢ
򴽣չһЦǱãɲϲ㽫Լˣָл᲻á
ӣԭֻǸ۱ȣ·˳۵׵ơ
ȴѾߣֱã壬ߣҷ·һҲء
һղ۵׵˲ɢ
ֽ뻳УЦýţһһ𣬲⡣
ͷ
ദʱ䣬ѾһЩͬ
ڸз涮Ķ֪ʶ֪͢Ժǡڸļɻ䣬ԸλլŮİȱ䣬շ涼Ϊ
һλȫŵ֣Ҳ֪Ǵġ
澰ɫϾҪִ﹬֮⣬ҲͽҰ£ֻϵ¼һ.ǷвϹ֮㿪ʼ𽥼ͣ¡
һ
֣̤ųԵܿ죬֮УĸҲ
ﻺӭȥĸס
ĸס֣дżֽţޣһ͸ˡ
ףͷĺˡ
˵ҲûףĸֻҪ˵Ͷˡ
棬ĳŵĸ˲٣һӾĹһ㡣
ʳſڵʾԼƣĸһλС̫£Żʹоٰ칬ĵصȥ

148 
깬ٰĵصλڶ
ǵϯλδһ, һǰ, һں
ǰУʵ۽ŴǾͬ죻Уλһ, ǻ
һڼִﶫʱ, ͱС̫ŷ·ĸ׺󣬱С̫ǰķȥ
ĸ߿˿ŲĶ, ס֣һλС̫һǰ
һ̤붫оůڵġ
ڵĵյúһϱк⡣
ĸһλŮƷϯλ㽫ϵĶ£ֺǮС
ʱ仹ƫ, ʱλöδ
Թ˷ϯλµߡ
Ԫϥ¹йʮλ, ʮλķ, ͬģΪԪ۵ķ, Ի֮Ҳ൱
һλڳþ˽ⲻլ, ƾ뾩ɿŵһذ, ֪ϵĴǴվ˶顣
Ȼϵԭ̫ӡ߻ӵ⣬ʣµľλӣСֻʮʮӣ󶼸һƱ֧ߡ
ʷλ˸ϣʱոߵһλʮ긾̽ͷѯʡ
ջƵλ˻΢Ц۳帮۳嶼ξ裬ǽոľ
Ƿ˻Ȼ򣺡ֲƷЩҷ̫䡭
λ˱Ƚ̸Ƚûһ˱̸һĸҲżϼ䣬һʱ൱Ǣ
һʱǶѵ룬ǲ١
ﲻɫ۽ףĻĿΪˡ
߻ӿʼļλӲδл
߻ӣ֪Сùþڷ̫Ӹʱʹ
߻ڸ볯һ꣬Ԫ۱ѾΪָ˻顣
ֻ߻Ӹո볯󣬾;Ϊһ׮쳹õ׹ưԪֱӷϵ̫.еĴ󲿷Ҳڴ˴¼бԪºְ
֮ûãԭ׼߻һںɢʱʧˮûеȵ߻Ӹ档
Դ֮󣬿ԪҲйһһ㣬ֻ˸͹ȥһ檣Ųʡ
һꡣ
Ҳ߻ӱϳ̫֮λûã󽫾󺣳ڽǱ߾ٱ췴
ŵ󺣳ʱٱ췴ǣԪ۶ԾҵҵλĻʺ¼һֱģΪ¼ҵ߽⣬ԪŪ˻ʺ󣬺˸취ϵ̫ӣھϵλ¼Ҷû¼ѪԪ壬Ϊ֮ۡơ
˿ںţֱֱӽԪ۵Ƥڵ²ȡ
֮󣬿Ԫ۶߻Խܲʡ
ԭѾرصķ̫ӸǱصʵʵӬɳһֻż
Ҳˣڱݺ߻Ӹеֱжϵ
뵽ﲻ̾һϧ
߻ӻûųؽڹϿСùõĿ൱ã
Ҷ󣬿ŵһףŵؾյҴ¡ȷǡ
ٱյҴ¡ȷǡ
ͬʱڶǰУȴ־ȫͬѻȸ
ڴ󳼿λǰ̫ӣ߻ӵ£
ɻ˳ԾЩڷϵ߻̫֮λʱ˺üѻĴƽһͲ
λӿѾ깬ûгֵ߻ӣһ֣ǵף鶼һ˲Ĵ㵡
Ҳһ˿Σ
Ϊ̫ӵԵλף޻˵
ڣѾϵ̫֮λڻֻһͷӣƾʲô֮ϣ
ӰŪԼϵīָ˹ڣӴߣǺþò⼸ûȥ㸮Ͽ㣬ǧҪ⡣
忴ߵļЦŵỮ˼²ǣЦ£ıҲ
һҭǺǵüЦյûжԡ
룬Ȼܹȥ
Щ꣬¿ǰزѵ˲ٵ˽Աֻ֤ҪĻλûдԼܻӱֱϾǣϵĵλ
ֻ߻ûܹΪ¶ݵĵزˡ
ӿЦӯӯ˵˹ţߵڷ̫Ӹϱ˼꣬ݡ
Ҳ𴽽ǣʣ⼸ķ̫Ӹıģƺøӵƽ֮ͣǰ۽üҵĺʣڲ֪䱻ʲôƽøӺݣݴ
ƣǲ˼ܵܵЩ긮˲檣ǹϲ硣
үԽһģ֮ǰλǻţӦһഫԲϲĴ顣
鱬ֵٽүЩ˽ͷһ飬ֻ˲ǽܣЩ궼ºôһ塣
үǿǵԼδ̳лλĿܣЩ˵ģѡȴһǹŮӣûдȥ˯˭ҷ˵Ϣ
ǻҪȥúõһЩү˯ķ˵ĹϵֻҪ룬˲
үЦһջߡ
Ц⽥вյĿ
֮ԻдһʣȴΪλͻ߻ʧˮãүϱһλλδ޳һ޶Ůӡ
ңŮ븮֮û£һλµӤ
£үεúܺãԪȴ£еĶߡ
һ˲俵ԪɣǲΪδ߻˯̥ʵŻλֵܣżæŵطϵߵ̫֮λ
֮󣬵꼸λЩ¹ºŷ֣˽˯Ůӡ£ǱΪģСơ
ؼ
ϥµļУ˱رȦû˽⣬λ£һһ࣬һһ
ԪоֻҪ룬ƨ.ɵµλþ
ˣٰԥ£ڽʮ֮ǰŵ߻ӸһʥּѾ߻ӽμ硣
ϼݵ
ǰкϯϵλ󳼻ӣ׷ߵݴ
ꡣ
ԪԼλǰվڸ߽֮ϣ·һƬԼߵݵĴ󳼣鼤㡣
ƽ
лϡ
Ԫڽɫϣλõף۵׿һ˿⡣
δСߵĸıܴ
ǰµӡһֻ׺Ҳ֪Լצ׻ȴЩ͸ˡ
̾ᲢҾüͺڲ֪ʱѾɢȡ֮ƽ
Ԫü΢ıʱ⣬ܽһ˸ıˣһֻ׻سһλʿ
е۵һ˿ľ⣬ЦӯӯСߣδɹֹʣ

149 
æ񣺡ظ, δֹһֱ, ܹϵס
Ԫ΢
ųֻΪһµƣɲΪ˻ס
ʵ, 󺣳˵ö, Сۣԣʺ߷ƵйӲϲ˹
֮ǰ̫֮λܹϳǰ, ҲΪֻԸŵģǼ¸飬鶼Ը顣
ȻԷᵽףԪ۵˼ǧذת䣬ǹЦãúã޵Сߣ޵Ȼϵף
԰գ̾Ϣһ, Źϵٹٸ޸, Ψһй߻ӣ˹, Щ꣬޿ǷСࡣ
ٹæӦ͡
˼, ȴЦӯӯ, һԪ˵öԵģ
ֻһĬĬ, ϣԪǧҪ֮ǰ߻Ϊ֮·ǵĹλֽ
ⲿ˵ã֮Ԫ۹ûᡣ
죬輧ϣһƬŽУ֮ǰǵΣǴ
뼸λͬһĿⲻɫ߻źŵ۹
Ȼü˳̸ۣǳЦ䣬ձߵöСɾȴ֣ǳ
üۣܹһֵƣȷλӦǱԼСϱһֱļСùá
ƲؿǰʵȻ߻һۣ֮㴹Ŀ⣬ס۵׵ϧ
ת˿ڻ̸У°ٹپҲ𽥽ежΡ
˼ѾǰԪ۽߻ӷųʱȴ룬һϵѽϢһ輧ûϳԪۿڣѵ޽ˣһ˫ϲš
ة࣬еĵմŮδޣޱΪеĵմŮСߴһԵΣ
Ԫ⻰䣬ٹһž
ڳة΢Щ˽ģ֪λֽû޵ĵմŮΪ˰˻Ӷµġ
ةͰ˻ߵñȽϽۼڰ˻ѾʮѾ˿ԴͻͣҼղͲʥǰȥּˡ
ȴδ뿵Ԫۻڹͻ룬ʱôһӡ
ةͷһ㱡ϸ
æУڵأ̶̵ļϢ֮䣬ڽܺƾܵзĥȵѹڣϳлϴͻ顣
ܾ¶Ӧӿڡ
֮ǰ˻ӵĸ͸˵ѾҵմŮ˻֮Ļ£ڿԪ۸ǰ͸ڷ磬ǰй
Ԫڻ˵ֻةһ˲Ķģ֪ԪǶ޼ĻǶԼλ̽
ΣΪһλĹϳʱܿڷ
ϯλףڰ˻ӽѿɫ£üҶûһ£ƽ뿪ϯλ񣺡лʴͻ顣
Ԫ۹Цúúã¸ţҶһҪΪһʼ翪֦ɢҶ
񸸻֮
ԪĿ⻬λȺɫĻӣⲻѡ
Ϊ˸λԾʾֱӽСԵݵɣŵ˻ǵףֽԭС˵δ޴͸ŽһܵС
С߾ֻõƣΪסӵĻ߼ɡ
С߱⼸λ滵֮ǰ˽µһ߽
ͻСߵةմŮҲС롣
֮ǰڽӷ̫Ӹзų֮ǰ˸˾ҩ׼ʲô˻
˵СԼָʲô⣬ڱڷ̫Ӹ䣬вһõܹҩҪ֮ŷġ
仹оڻλϴʮꡣ
Ⱥõӣ
ԶȻܴͻ飬ҲΪľıϲ
ԼðͷĲΪһŮʱȶ
ʱڼҴ綨ʱðСˮһ㣬˵ЩСܣֻҪЦ죬ȫˡ
ȼл»صԼλĿƣߵСŮѯʣղ˵ģ洩ɫٷÿλ٣
СŮСй߻ȸһףͷλչùá
λһɫٷü£iǷľɫӣֻͻһ£λˣ
һ˲䣬Щɣɩ˵λֶŮ˳ֶŮֻɩӶİο֮
ʵϣֶŮɩӸòǵԼԹôһλܹյԼֶŮ˽ָίɡ
ֻλ˵ĳɫòɲһصסġһԵǳӡ
ոܹ̫Ӹ񣬻ֶ֪Ů֮ǰھֳЩԷ˵
ֻһ䣬㿴ͻȻŤͷķ
ڶߺչЦһ¡
񣺡
оȷʵһ΢ЦûǣЦҲδ̫ÿЩһλֶŮ̵СֶŮصס
˼תǧؼ䣬ҲԷһò΢Ц֮˱㲻ԼͬջĿ⣬δʶһ㡣
ϯеβߴ߻Ӹ̫֪ͬһǰ¡
Ȼǰͺһξ룬ǰϢȴȫա
ǰ߻¶ûжãеŮɢɢźĹŮǿеõϢ
Աȵеĸ߹ٷ˶ԣ˵ñȽһ
߻ڽĹгϯˣϲ죬ͷֱ
ȻŹЦ⻹ҵĴŮոոҴϢҵĴŮˣʲôᣬʲôʲô̽
ǺһŮ
ϴμʱ˵Ķˣ֪˿ǵˣŹ˵ԣת˵⡣
ᴹ˵Ҳȷ޲ɣֻ˵»᲻ЩϾ仹Сһ
ŹϽ֣ԹǸĸ֮ý֮ԣǸĸ˵㣬СӼҼҵ뷨㲻׼ҿ϶ؽõģֻܷġ
ĻǵδŮ˵Ÿġ
ǲ˽ȼһ˵
ҪλδŮȷ϶Էòã棬ŸŮò顣
Ź룬һףҲɣǱůʱҴŴǸȥǸϰݷã˳δϱΪ˷ֹ˽ȵǣⶨ֮ҪȽá
ЦˣΪֹǰ׵ģҲֻһˡ
˶ûüŹ̬ȼ֣û
Ҳ޲ɡ
Ͼĸ䶼ͬ˵ģϸ˼ҲûѰ̫⣬Ӻɰȡϵĺ塣
ö߸ؽĳͬһͳġ
ΪǿͷСܹܹͳöСѰ˼ţ߸ؽһһööδĶ
ˣöʽͬ

150 
ö, һöϲ䣬񹤾տ, ʽϲ졣
Źö, ۿҪˣĹŮǰ˳
ﲻԾؽе, ȴŹۼֿһץ˹ȥ
Уǿ˳Ϣ̫мˡ
˵, ϽеıɫУڿɾͶˣ괺սůұŴǸ㸮ϣ»顣
еöɫ, Źδн͵˼, ѯʣ֪öǡ
Źϻ, Цĸģ˵Ѿ´˺üˡĸӴԺĴϱ, ͷ, ˮͷҲ㣬ϸøؽϡ
ԭõĶ, ΪС
廹ķͬһ㡣
һ, Ź, »صԼλϡ
ĸѶ˾ŹǱ, һ, æ̽ͷѯʣôŹ˵ʲôˣ
, ղŵĻ˵һ飬󻹽öȡĸĸЦúϲ£졣
ãúãؽиҵСŮ
Цӯӯظ䡣
ں;ŹЦ̸ʱûжоԼλãŷھŹŵ߻ӵϢ˼ֿʼ
άסϵƽиͷ֣֡
֪Ҫ˵ڵĻҡͷ
ﶯһ£򴽣˻ȥ
Ҳգչ磬˶ӣȥСùǰΣҲ档
ңСù֮ǰڷ̫ӸеĴҲһᱻμ硣
ţĬĬؼһСùܹڡ
а࣬꣬ȵһʱڣСùñԳˡ
һߣԺŮǵС⴦¹վڶĺԶԶһ¿渰ֶŮ̲ס¶Ц⡣
а꣬㣬Ҫؼˡ
ؼңã
ֻҪ˵ļžۣ;ڵÿһ춼޾ϲá
Ӻ뿪ŻЦ⣬ͷŹǽСŶȥȴһת䣬ײһ̴ľӻС
һͻͻͷǰʵϷͬһ۽ǣæūʧ񣬻ˡ
£ŵģԳ֣ĸģ
ϦеβҶǷ׷ϯеҲʼ뿪
ʳǰԼãɢгȴһ
ʱ˫
̸߽ļλ˸ʱ觺춷񣬱ĸһſȥ
ٿһξͷԶԶԶƻͨĹңһۡ
ҹɫʱҶӦϻϣǻС硣
Ҳ֪ЩǷ߻ӣ߻ӵǷСùá
ţһ䡣
̧Ը˸оŹؽĶ˿ʧҷ£һĸһ̤ڳŨصҹɫС
ʱѾƮƮСѩѩƲȴڵ·Ƶĵصӳ£һֱ컺
ͨʳſڵĵ·ѱС̫ǴɨɾϣõմʪЬ档
˱ͦһϣһӿһԵƣǸճʱ仹̣ӻûȫָԵʡ
֮ǰ̶ֳȣԲеƣ
ĸߣڲס˷Ц⣬߱߶ţؽۼҳõģ壬ҲҡʱҲԶˡ
úãиһҾ֪ƽ
̿ССܿʲôƽ
ܵܵģ⻰ܳ˵ؽĸҾֻ˵һ⣬Ժһ˵

߼䣬омҴҵĽŲĸԱ߿˿Է·
ȴ룬û߽Ϥɤޡ
ﾪϲͷŷ˿մȾ˿˿ڻˮ䣬չЦ塣
ںΣ
ãûʲôӡ
˵գֽԼѾŹ˵һ飬Ź˵ůЩСӵ໥ʱ¶׻顣
䲢޲ɣôνܹԼ̲ܽãҲṇֻ̀ܽҪӺþС
λŮ붫
ܹŮУܸãŮԸУܸĥºãŮŮãܸúá̵á
µģŮĲŮϣĴġ飬Ľ¹⣿
ʾǺǡ
ٽϣλŮԺҲҽ۾Ʈ

ĸ֪⻰°⣬ЦŸ֣˵öԣǾŹƢͲԺһͶϱദǢ
ǣŹ⣬ߵӦ·
һ٣ָô̡ܽ
£˻佫Ҫѧϰ䣬ǿ壬޲õǡ
룬ⷽзִ磬ֻ۸Ǹͳ״֪ҲͲ˵ʲôֻתѯʣǰʱע⵽߻źĹˣСùã
䴹ף۵Զ׼ϣͷˣҹ״̬ɫҲǺģ޲õǡ
˵ţΪϸϸǰ֮еı֣ɿüңЦܹ黹дҪˣҪż
ĸλ빬СùҲţȰοʱúܿģҲ꺢ӣٶھѰѰ˼ңСùñϡ
ϵЦ̲סأ缸¾ͿʼϷˡ
ȼ˳˹佫ɫƣԼԼͷˣлۣȵΪ㡣
͵͵һûһͳ
ִ踮ʱʱѾ쵽ʱ
ȻصԺϵĹٷھ£ϼҳѣŴǰԺ
˵ʱڳԺҹļæֵ׼õȲ裬ѯΡ
˺棬˼зȤ뼸˵һ飬ͻȻһ֣ˣ깬߻ӳϯˣμ˹磬õʥϵĴͻ飬ͻةҵĵմŮ
λϣѩ质质Ͳָ΢
̧ͷķ
ں棬Ҫ˵һЩϧ˽Ҳ࣬˵ЩҲںŵõֻƬ
ұ㲻֪ˣϾںǰе֪ࡣ
Ͽ䣬ƮƮһۣһ缦Ѹջߡ
ĸʱҲѣַ˳ֿЦаؽѾˣĸѾ;Ź˶

151 
质Ǽü, ȻԤϣϲá
ǿ̫ˡ
ؽСС, Ѿżңһλż, á
ѩͷѩѾͷ֮Ҳʮһ, ůĸױȥμӲμȡ, Ϊ࿴һżҡ
ѩ۾, ɬصͷ, 鲻ԽЦлĸס
俴质ǣأҪһʲô£
质šü, ЩãҲ֪, ܹĸ׺ɹù֤ģӦöֲ, õҿԺ󡣡
ǸھԵӣ׷Ц
ҪЩõʱùﶼ˶ˡ
质Լѧʶ, ʮ㣺죡һܿ죡ָǽꡣ
质ǲԺոʮ质͸ҿҲܿ졣
质ͼĸףңϲиԵĹ, ľ͸ˡ˵, ֱؿ, ʾ
νյȴǺףֻΪڸ֣캬ЦһһӦ¡
С˪˪ŮҲܴ͡
˪С̧ͷԱ߸׺ĸϵЦ⣬ɵչ¶Цգ֪ģĸס
ʱʱʹķƯ̻
˷ܵվŲԺȸԾͣŵ˯涼·̻Ŷһɢ
һЦ꣬һͷ
Ǳģ꾰һá
ҹʱ֣踮˴һֵس˶ԲӣŸɢصԼСԺϢ
һ·ϣϾЦ⡣
质žз½һžԶ˼ǰȥ⿴Ǿڳʬ
ȫľģ
Ȼ֪󺣳Ǽ֮޽
ѩǵһĸἰԼδżңδĸ˵Ǿ仰ʱԵ⣬ȴԽ
·ϣƲסǵЦ˷ܵ͵裬ҽǿˡ
ҲЦСԷ˺ãТģܽǣȻͶұġ
ѩصͷԺһúТ˳ĸ׵ġ
˪صԺȥС䡣
ǰûй£ֱֱűڷϵλ۵ɫ
Σչ¶һĨӵЦ⣬Աȡ㣬ϵȼ¯УϸϸһһһĺùûԲ׵飬԰ɡ
λǰ
˪Ц𽥲ãҾ֪ģЩĺܲãŮһúΪġ
԰գͷ۰ڷǰţŴϲѧģһġ
ͷԥ̧Ųȥת뿪
˪ҲԶ˷УͷͷϵĴʣ̾Ϣ˪Ѿһ²ˣҲû˵һ䡣
Ҳ֪ﶼЩʲô
գһ󣬶־һͬش£
䣬踮˴һֵ˸緹صشյǰˣū澷һ¡
ʲô£
֮ǰϳһλܺóԵʦ𣿷֮ǰ佱˵Ԫ״㶹رϲ
ոոϵԺϲϲǮʱūû˳˳ӣ³ô˵
ô˵
˵Ǹ֪ôأҹͲ̹ܼұԼˡǻƣǶ£ȻȵʹҸ𶼵ȲҪҹߡ
ﲻȻ֮ǰȥʹиʱöܾ˵Ԫ״㶹ƣԺпʲôü˼и˼еѴȻѾ뿪ˣǱ㲻ùܹҳŸĸ㣬ζҲ
ˣ±㱻ƮƮ˹ȥ
ֻ֮ԸǵٶӹעҲøϸ
Դһֱעԭ̫Ӹڵ߻Ӹ϶
棬ڳϦĴգ߻Ӹصرȫ롣
һϦ֮䣬߻һָߵķʽ»ع鵽йԱͰǵҰ
ﵱ㳢øȥһ£Ƿڽ߻Ӹϵ
뷨ȴЦĪҪż֮ǰǽϢѾ취ҪϵǣԻĸѶǲ֪еƣʱҪﴫѶֻȴϢɡ
΢򴽰꣬ȴҲ
ְ´ļ˼ڸĵȴ
֮û죬ͽӵոϢ˵ĸѶˣʮԪһ죬ܳʱҪĸ档
ﵱͼˣһұĸһȥСùãʱԼȥ䣿
û졣
ֽĳûԾŮ뻳һڣʱ˼ڲ߸ؽϣѵʱһȥߣԼȥ붼Ҫ롣
ֱЦֻǼһ棬˵˵岻⣬ʱԱΪ󣬷СùҲüһֶŮ
ˣšüϸ룬εǵǲãƵʱڳĶռˣһŮ˼ңֳҲǺܺã˵强
ɣʱҹʱȥ㣬ʱټһСùá
¸жСĵƣˣѸٽĲ˹״Ĵӡһǡ
룬ѾۼֿؽأſͷԳԵЦСûĵģѵȣΪľǱˣҲҳԴף
ﲻ˼ؽɿûƿҲûʹ
ֻЦأÿֶġ
üһɼӴ󣬽ǼյĶߣѹŵļʹҡ
ԩ
ȻҪУеóһЩ
ĸôУ
Ϊһ
Щɣڻա
ޣޣޡ

棬ջԵֵҲˣ
ʮԪ죬踮õú硣
֮ĸ뼸һһĻȥ
佫͵ռ̩;¥Ԥõİᣬռ˴к󣬱뿪
ĸ黹Щǰס֣ޣϾҪˣڻڷ
һҪûпס޳ˣһҪȰһЩҪСùÿĵسȥһɲܹˡ
ͷοİɣȰס㣬СùҲ϶Ȱס㡣
ĸԣ̲סЦףԣҵЦر𣬿ҵͻرã϶ޡ
⻰˵úȵƿ᷿߽ϱס񡣡
ֻ֣һƲסӿ
Աߣһʼ˵ûúȰŵҲûܱסֱ᣺Сùá

152 ǿ
ӡУСù뿪ǰ, һЦŵСѾͷ, ÿ糿ֻҪЦ, ˵ϼᷢʲôȤ, һ졣
ҲΪСùð˵ֵ, Сù뿪, 游ĸԽ
, ĸ, ȥѧЩҳ̵Ȥ»Ϊ游ĸŽįһ, ϶Ů˼֮һ档
Сһ𳤴, ٷֿ, ȴδѵ÷ֿһΣȴǳʮľñ
ϸûôСѾͷ, ѾΪ˶ʮĴ
ЦģձöϲС, ֻȴ, תΪźء
ŰϤˣչЦ, ֻЦݻûһ, ĸĿб, ̲סŵ
ĸæǰס, Ҳǰס, ĵĴֲڼӣԾͷһۣͼֱϼѾõĴ˰̺ۣͣСùá
ոǲˮǰűһˣǴԲס㡣
ҡͷ˵ԼЩöͦãûܵʲôί˵ԼЩϵʱ˲Ǯڴ˿ӿˮУȴһ仰Ҳ˵ڡ
ˣĺ롣
뿪ŵĵһζؼҡ
գΧһļˣǱ˺Ȱסˡ
ڳЩУֻ˺λΪ˼ҽ˹СùӡˣҲֻܿס
һ˽ֹס˿Ѿ˵ʺЦʸ갸Ѿˣǵķأ
ĸԱһᣬһߵ϶ϱۿҪϴϱҲп˸ˣ˶࣬ɩӱûǳ
˵գûסס֣ḧϵİ̺ۣǿеЦˣúú档
ոҲһߵķͲúˣһжõģɩأױʲôĶֻ಻٣ѡɩҲ׼˳üֻֽǲ޵̫磬ڼжסһʱ䣬ټޣɺã
ͷһ߲ˮһ̲סչա
ɩĳŵУоԼһֱƮģڰ
ãɩõɩ
ǰЩҡ˲ݲݼ޵ĹùǶһ
ʱҲԱЦﻹкüŵӵĵ佫ֻ˵Сùÿ϶ϲˣ̭һͨСùã
ίģЦңɩɲ۸
ϤĻ˲ͽδʱ龰Ϥ͸ŹӵĻ
һӱЦ
ռҵİڣŶռ˵ĶԻɫ
棬˹Լһ裬ûθڣֽСһö㡣
һ˦˹Ȩûֻǽһ̵֣ҧһڡ
ģƽڼԺбֵһ£ɵ
޺޿ȥ˺ĸ
ҡͷҼҷ˵㣬㿴ϣ
˵գÿӣչʾԼ첲Եϣ൱ʹϱģʵǹܲס
һҭ
Ϊ֪첲ϵЩ˺۶ôģЩºۼǰÿңҲ֪졣
޺޵ջߣü꣺겻ռ˱ˡ
̾Ϣһû˵ԼӦǲӦֻǵ̫ˣһ仰ͻǱСùʮΣܹмȥΨһرڣѾ˹ǰ¡
ɫٴһ٣ؿ䣬˹ؽ͵ϵĸȫִ꣬ͳöɰ浹һЩɼС
ϵɫҲζ
ͷԱռ˵Ļۣ˵ɣʲô뷨
佫еǰƣֺЦȻóԸȻԼжϳԱǶԣƸԡ
Цһͷ
Ա˶ԣͲһ֮λҲڵ֮Σ벻ȣʲôƿԡ
ֻǿ
ջҲҪǿ
ȴ·𲢲֪һЦеĺ壬µһĵãΪ±ƾһ㣬ĸһӵĹУӱġ
һ㣬嵹ûвúϸ㽫㵱ʱ˵һ顣
*
质ǽղûкĸüһ仨ơ
취и׸ĸȥһţҪԷһ仨ƣֻǱĸؾˡ
Ԥõİᣬϵ⣬һûһڵĳţЩ
֪ĸΪԵʣŶ˲õĹ۸УûԼ䣬ֲˣԸ֪ʶûԼ
ʵϣҪ浱λĸĸǿ϶ûж踮˶ġ
֪֮ѪϵһŨҵ飬СΪĸϡ֮һֱ޷̫Ũҡ
ڶԴλĸǰݼڰˡ
Դ˿̣ĸܾЩʧȴҲ̫ʧ䡣
ֻǰͷһûһؿ⣬
˵Դһǰ֪һֱͷϵ󺣳Իݵķʽһֱ㣬᲻پͷ
ţ֪˶ãͻȻ·һ
̧֣һСף˹ȥ
Ӵ
ԲСѾͷż򣬿ŴϻȥĻף̧ͷ¥ƣͿŵЦֵ质ǡ
ɴ۾
У˴һǸɽꡣ
ദľ飬质ǼʱҪôüҪôڰ׼ü·ϡ
ԶԶǳЦģüĿãЦãټ
ţҲס¶Ц⣬һһܵ质Ƿ֣ôǶȥư
质Ƿ²յصãһ¡
˵գѸС¥ˡ
ǰĸͷ˷ܵСģҡͷЦ
ɻ󣺡ոǸ꣬Īӣ
ףȷʵǱҼҵĴӣ质ǡ
ص˵ͷͷŲԶѸٴӲ¥ܳ质ǣ΢һչЦü۳ã쵽˵׵˰ɡ
ǰ̿⺢ƫ˵ҪȿԺ˵ף룬оҲٻһ󡣡
质ǵüۣĪоƹȴ벻ֻҡͷա
תһ𣬷ֱվĸ࣬ЦŻƽֵȥ
ԶԶ质ǵĶԻŶ˵ഺϢҲɸ
㿴û
δ
ʲôơ
СĸҸоܱͣͿˡݲݵģо꣬гɹ𣿡

153 ˪
质治Ϊܳɹ, ʵѾͷ̫ˡ
˵С, ҴƯ, Ժ󣬿϶ҲΪһ˼޵СŮ
ǣԸɹ
Ǳɹ

¥ľ¥, 뿪Ĵ, ϼ󳤹ѵ¶Ц, Ҳ¶Цݡ
һҹ紵, ׵ͿѯˣǸСѾͷ˭
ӣλСĸͬãꡣ
ϼ, Ƕȷʵĸദò
ǵ, СӵĸƢԺǲԴеĶŮǻ㾡ģһֱ޿ƫ
ϼףڴ, ۿ质ǽռҵȺ, мк, ֮һ˱ԶԶȥ
ֱߵҲӰ, ع˴
ΪȲ, ֵһöֹȵ, ڣӼȻСӣֺαؾܾ档
ϼǺУȲССڵ꣬β̾Ϣڣʱ򡣡
Դ֮ǰ鱬󣬿Ԫ۾ͲϥµĻӺ͹˳飬ԾеĻҳԱ˲ֱ̽ڣżص״̬
Ƕһͨݻãʱ棬ƫƫǵ󺣳Ǹڻڳǽʾڵķ
ǸÿἰһΣͺ޲⣬Ѫ
ԴС߱ų˸½볯Ժ󣬾ǵľƾԽš
罫
еʱ̣룬Ҳð质Ǽ档
ǵĸ𻺻䣬Ƶʺ
ȵȷԼȴϼĴǲԷɡ
ңң߻Ӹڵķ򣬵˵ڷǶݺ󣬻޷˵ΪұһСߣûܰϻ
ûˡ
*
ռһһ·̺󣬱㿴ǰ䡣
մǼѻɫۣԳһЩ˰ɫʱȴݰף֥
һ·ΪమĽߡ
ƵĻ£һֻողӮ϶ƣķչЦתͷСùãǱֶŮ
̧ۣ㿴Ļƽ־䣬˵Ǖi˫޾
е𣬵ֶŮϲЦ⣬Ҳδ˵ɨ˵Ļ䡣
ϷһĨΣĿҲǰӭ˼Ц塣
ס֣о½ֽһ£ſǰոĸԼ
ոĸæ
öѵýջƽڣ嵽ߣҲڸ䣬Ҳ͸õɢʱˡ
ЦӦһ
ǲͬ򣬾ϸģֻջƽڣʥ˿Էſ˼ա
ʱîʱŲʱ
ǰһƱСùã꣬߻ӸܵʲôίЩƱŸǴϢǧҪӲš
æƾܣȴĽ߬סҵСùճʱһԲ
ЦȴûЦһ߳һߵСùˣ֣յۡ

৵һ½ɿֱ϶ĺӡӣְۣˣǸСùãǲСġ
£ЦһΪԼЩѾ˲أû뵽һǰͻǲָоҲĺܻ
һۣţһЦ
ʱʱѾ磬ĸ˴Ǳ󣬱质ǣһĸͺйķȥ
һ·ϣò̫ʢŮԶԶʱĿ̲ס϶
תߵ֪Ըһ䣬֪ͷת뿪
ûһöè߻
ｫ߽ӹ䡣
ȡߣЦһۣδ뵽˴׾֮˿һۡ
ȡһöϣǷߵúá
һЦ˳ɷµͷ˵öԣȷʵΪߵúãԺ֡
ﱻЦЩգټ걻谮ƢҲȷʵЩ´ĿǼ䣬ûסأÿһһ¡
µġ
ͷԴصߵޣͥڵģ̼ΪЩܲˡ
ҲصߺʹϢƵջ᣺ܲ˱㿿ϣ󣬽ȥ
ޣޣá
ﲻԽ򴽣ǰĻèߣ
˵ǵĻƽֱͼʲôͬǱǻƵӣʽɣģʢ
˪Ŵϲʹڼλֳͽҿʱ̾ССһоԼ۾á
ѩʱѾ质İ£һգüΪļ۸ԼϲĽǹơ
ϲõؿյϾϸصƺͻļȺͼмл硣
质֣С˼ѡյƣĵҸպûᣬģһһͷ
质ʱѾĸҪյƣͷֵʱˡ
ϣ质ӦһŵĸǱܡ
ѩͷһ߻ֿտյ˪˪ãѡû
˪ͷչһЦûأﻨ̫࣬ѩѡѡ
ѩǸרģҲûдߴ٣תͷǰĸǱ质Ѿʼоգ룬ŻҲȥ
˪վԭأֿһûоԼӦѡһ̾ϢһҧָЩǳ
ۣ
ЩϤЦ˹
˪ӽһ£æָӿз£
ͼ֮ǰļ԰żλӣԶվţЦ
˪գգۣע⵽յ̴ܽ͵ǳɫҲֻλСˣֵôԼˣеֵܽһ𣿡
ܽԣûס죺ǻˣãһһʱ䡣
Ǽʮŵֵܽãһߴߴġ䳰ȷġ԰ģоԼܼʮꡣ
ڴҸģӵУÿһ·һ
ֱ겻ɢѡ
СѾͷ㿴һҰµӮۿۡ
˪ҡҡͷϸؾˣʵڻûãһúҶҲ¾ͺá
ܽ˳˪ָķȥλС˺ӻƵϣ۾ѿڶλ趼ξҵӣ䣬Ī趼ξҵĵŮ
˪߬еֽ˽Щŵ򴽡
ܽ̿ģϷŵһЦҲǲ³ݶѣʲôģ⻹ûСѾͷƬӣӻûôʳ
˪ۣͷû
̺ܽ棺ôˣ

154 
, Ȼ, Һ˵ٿޣҿһϵûа
ϴΪͻȻ֣Ѿͷŵÿֹ, û취һյõ, ͦʱ, ΪЦ
ϿûеڶС
˪žܽһִӺëг, ⳶ͷһöŵĵպֽ׼ƽ, ߵСګ㣬һ, ر֪, , Լܲ, 𣿡
ܽһ, Ϊƽӣһ˲, ΪԼǻ
ͷ, ָϽӵ˪, ̧ͷͷĵ, ʮ֮ҾΪŮ໥ӵѲ¡
˪ΪԷû΢򴽣Щɣмʧ䡣
Էû壬Ҳ᲻һεˡ
յ˼ܽתߵС˵ȥϰ壬ȻǮöȡ
ǣӡ
Ը꣬ܽת˪ЦССͣ¶ͦࡣ
СѾͷҪʲôʱӱܶܽ⡣ʾҪʣȨһҪԼС
˪̧ͷǺ⣬ʣȨ
ѾҪ׼ˣָŶԷԼ𰸣ôȨ
ܽ뿵УԼСЩֵܽǶ־µľ飬ֳһ˿ЦȻվڵƸߵ㣬ҲҪ֣ղܹõ𰸣ΪԷλòٺô
ڿЩɵġ
Щ飬ȥʣͻԵԼơ
һ㶼ѰһøԼһֵѹȺۣȴԾɲޣܹõ𰸣ܻøʹͻô
ʵЩڿѧĹĶҲ٣ҲûбЩڵȥ
ۺʱҪԼƵλҵ顣
˪ƶǶ
ʱСѾ̯óŸ˽ܽͷϵյһƸȡϲصݸ̣ܽףСǰƽٵһԵ
ܽЦŵлյһƾǰϸһѯ˪ÿ𣿡
˪̧ۿȥͷÿ
ܽ̽Ƶݸϲš
̷ɫһ£ӳ걾ӣЦݸ͵š
˪һ¡
仹СǻƽŮͻƵĺ壬֪ġ

ţսսģҲû취ѯռȨȨǰİοˡ
԰գ̱ܽǿƵؽлС
˪ŶԷ뿪ķֵͷеĻƣһ˲Щ졣
˽еĶϴöУѾǵڶΡ
ںõԽԽء
˪봹ס۵װֵ˷ܡ
ʱĸǱߣ质Ѿĸµ˵գѩ̯óŸȡʱͷһۡ
ͿѾһյһƵ˪һλ̸
ššü룬ûǰǻͷѾ߻ȥһ¶С㣬˵ĸơ
ף˪Сܹȥ
ĸߣһֱĸתͷ˪̵ܽķ˼
ȵ˹䵽β质Ҳ˹
˻ϣȻ˵Ļ
ĸѯСùüʱĳһ˳οְοܻԽԽõģͲ̫ˡ
̬Ҳ൱ɣϱ֪ģллġ
质质Χ质ѯʣ磬㲻ȥλѼȥô
质Ц΢𣺡ԷʧԼˣĸףͺռһһΡ
ǻǿϧ
֪ǲ£ٵȵȣԷûк͡
质ף֮ȥѯġ
质λܵ꣬ͷ˪ѩΣÿɻģ
ѩͷǺܿĵģллġ
˪ҲŻһԼеĵЦرġ
ѩ˳˪Ķٴοеһƣ
һߣֱߵԶˣŽ̧𣬿кһƱ۴ɡ
׼ĸתͼĸҲȡһöҵĺɰ
ҪƾܣȰúӣ˶ӣպãȻˣ֮ʲôҲҪţֻܸǴѶϢҪˣŸŵۡ
ʱҲΧ޵Ŀ⣬æͷæƱСպá
Լڼ⼸꣬˶ԼļǹҺΣˣЩҪĶҲûƾ̫ܵݡ
ֻǵȶװú¾Լȭͷĸɩ㿴ڵǺô󣬲һ߬ҵȭͷˡ
ĸֱϵĺӡӣһЦ˳ǿ̫ˣѾЩͷûʹôˡ
ոģҲһǰһµӮƵ̨ӣȥӮһյƯƻȥ
ҲððھȥյƯġ
ʺ갿ǰĴ̨ӣһ緢شչСùãȿĸͺ˵һܸӮ֡
һɾ鷳λֶˡ
鷳鷳
һ˺ܿߵĵľ޴󻨵̨¡
ռ˵ĿⶼͣԼϣĿһָЦ۾ǸǸǸơ
ոǸ˿Ħȭƣţ͸Ӯȥ
ֵҲȥСùãƺðɡ
ŴֶӶ־ص̨ϣĸ͵֣ɩӣֶá
ӴĶĶɵѾͷ㡣
࿿ĸͷЦ
Ѿˡ
վԱߣͷŴĵʣĵֵСùãѧΪ໭׼СùûһԵ
ʳָһ£ǾͶлˣӴСֶŮá
ٺס֣˵زС
գոߵһյơ
һ˷ܵȺ̨£ڻƵĵƹ£ոϲؽƵݵʱŵƹһ޵ЦܹƼֿ飬ֻĵʱ̡
СؽƽӹյƳķһļ˶еϲ˼
ԾЦˡ
Цú𣬴ռҲЦ
ƽڣռһڻƽϹ䵽һֱ˷ܡ
ֱոĸһ͵߻ӸſʱЩᣬ뼴žۣܿ
磬ɩӣǴֶֶŮȥɣǺܿͻž۵ġ
ովǰ棬ϸӰվİĸߴ£ͷ·վһźľ֮Ե㣬ĪЩš
ǿѹļͻȻӿĪڣȽ濴㡣
۾Щ죬ûסЦ˳ǣٲᣬҲܾôվ￴ǣ

155 
ĸձߵľ, ļҲ, ȥɣɩ뿴ȥ
ؿżˣεͷӦһ, ҾȽȥɩֶֶŮ, ǻȥʱҲСЩ
ռӦ
վ߻Ӹǰ, ͷҲص߽ǵĽţһӱÿġ
Σոһ, ̧Ӳ˲Щͮͮۿ߰ɣٹҪ, ò˶ˡ
⻰˵Ҳ˵Լ
ĸ۾, ʵͷ, ˡ
߻Ӹŷк, , ֳĴ, ŲԼŮȥ
һߣһ߻ŽԼžʱĵεΡ
һʼ, Щ˸е, ǵͷ, ǳ, ľһӰõĻ䣬ǵЦⶼϼϲ
ƽŲ죬вԾصŽˣ磬ɩʸ갸˸
ǹӼ˷ܾԼһ̽Ǹһ㡣
ȫԼõ˼У߹һȵĹսʱȴȻǰԺڰճӰһ

ͺһѸٺ
ȵڹսеӰƵ³һ
Ҳ˲ϰԼŵʧС࣬æһ񣬾δū澼үү밲
崹ףǰŷһ·ŵҸЦƽڣɣȥɻģ
ΪղžŶʧЦٴλصϣЦеͷĵģлүūܹڽơ
崹ס۵ױڵʧ䣺ûʲôܹҲΪҵԵʣǼ궼δһ
æ֣ү˵ﻰΪŮһֱڹûгȥĻǳ¡ܹȥһΣүǵ䡣
۵׿ʲôվԭûпڡ
ԭվһɫѯʣүʲôĵģȥ𣿡
򴽣ҡͷͳʮ壬ԲӡҲδҵ˵ˣȥƣ
յգգۣΪԼղ˵˻æοȣүõģȻ֮ͺˡһһһԺÿ궼һȥơ
ؿΣ۵ϵףԸĿ΢
һͷŵյƣЩ΢
ǵģūֳֶһūӮģյƻūѡء
ѡģҲǣҲǸϻȢˡ΢и
ٺЦЩɬ
Сʱһ̸ܿڳΪϹԺ󣬾Ȼо̸һҲá
Ӧûô죬ūɩ˵ū߶һʱ䡣󷽻ص
վӰؿû˵
εļžΧ£ϵЦ𽥻䣬ֱǰ㺮Ŀ£ڵض¡
оԼѾһȽˣǶԴλļɬүȴһֵֿС
ĺٻ߻㣬Ŭգڴʱڲˡ
ʱ˵ʱ򣬲֪ı㣬ĪԼ˻
ͱڣĲ֪ԼղŶ˵ʲô
ڿѯȰοͱտ֮ԥΣŹ⻹ڵȺԼļˣջĬĬ͡
ٽ֮ʣǶһ²һ£ҪſڣŭүΪá
Ȼʱ˵ʱѡ񰲾缦ȴٴĪ
įϣһĨЦô˵ˣҲ˵𣿡
ɴ۾æҡͷǵģү
ȴ˵оǻзյŭѾҪմȻ˵Ǳ˵ˡ
˵գ񾪿ֵĿ£ǰŵûɪɪŮӽڻУӡĴ
ζһǰ
صɴ۾
Ҫȴס
ֱۻӶ䣬ԭеյռҸӷӮƣ顱һˤڵأһˤ졣
ĵ͵͵Уش£ǿ¡
Ȼˡ
*
踮ԺУһḧıޣм£ΪѾˣȴûΪɣ𣿡
ﻹЩԺĻɵ̧ͷʲô¡
һͷķ˿ԼУԼ۾
ֻǼ裬ոպʱĲ롣
룬صȷԼˣȻ㡣Ͼ⣬Ҳǰȡ֮ˡ
䴹̾Ϣһ˿ϣΪ֪޶á
Եʲô£
ɥر۾ͳڣԭεģǽͻȻЩᣬ㲻Ҫҡ
յذһס죬ͳ⣺ôô˵
Ӷ˶ֶ˶̾Ϣһ͵ۣʳһѸٽҵŮӰ£ЦõֿգúֿˣҪһ£
죡

ҹ˪ŹڷеһƣЩģ˯š
öһƵ㲻϶ྫֻķۺ첼ϣȽϾ鶯ѡ
ڷۺɫĹ£˪𽥽ֱ˷ܣ΢ֹ졣
ڼõ𰸣õȨ
Ӧõأ
Ԫڼ䣬ǵĻƽһ졣
ʮϣ踮Ĵûȥֻ质Ǵżӳȥʹ졣
˪ѩ˷ܣΪңһܹŵĻʵڲ࣬滨ƽڵ̶ֳԶգҲԸȥߡ
质ûҶãմһȥ棬Ҳ⡣
ڹ仨ơµյĹУ质ע⵽һСС˪һֱЩĲɡ
˶Χȥµյʱߵ˪ѯʣãôˣ
˪ӵ̧ͷ˶ǣ质ǹ£ѯʳһģһ⣺磬һ£ر֪𰸣𰸣Լܲ𣿡
质㱼䣬омֶ졣
Ϊ˼⣬˼ǰʱΪԼݻ̻̲ʱǸ⡣
ʱشš
ȻȥʣΪʾԶ֪𰸡˵ЩҲǲȥʣͿԵ֪ġ
𰸣شģҲڸ˪ġ
˪촽˶ͷס
оĿ̫͸е˼룬ֱӡ
֪ˣлл硣
质ǿ˪ͷı飬룬׻ûпڶԣɣҪӡȻǾСɢˣͦΣյġ

156 
˪ֵ˵ͷ, ֱ质Ѿ̧ߵǰ, ̧ͷȥ
ԶһСЩкָͷϵһյɻƣźߵ׳ʵ
λױ޵ͷ, ̧־ͺݺݵ£žǰߡ
СкĿǵûֹͣ, ԽԽ, ԽԽֱչΪ޵ļơ
ȻѾ߳һξʵܲ, ֺ̧ݺкһ£߻յɻ, Ǯ̯ȡ¡
, ǸծĳСӡ׳ʵӹ׺ݵؽյɻкС
лл, ̫ˣ
, Ӳף
Ŷ̫, ɻƣɻơ
ǶԸԶ, ˪۾ԽԽ
Σ΢ͷȨ
ƽڹȥû, ռ갵
õϢ, Щǡ
չ, Ůд, ܳҡ
룬ִ϶ΪԼһˣʱǧЩرĸƽ
ƽӦˣֻܷģūԵ
һ̥ڵʱȽõϢʱѾʱ֣һֱȵȴûл
ڴϷȥǵЩ˯š
䷭ıԼϣ޽ȻʢΪʹʹóҹ˯ߡ
֣ﲻصһۣڵء
ẬסĶص߿ʼ͵͵شϢջ󣺡ϢҲ㵣ҲһҲһѡһ
ϴϢߴβ߳͵Ĵ⡣
۽գ
պ壺Ҫֵʵǿһ˴ģڣǵϱһ̤˹ŹأҲͽһק
԰գĴ࿪ʼе͵ͺţޣޡ
侢ݵɫ糺졢Ҫߢĕiӣ̾Ϣԣı֣ء
һ£Ŀ
Ȥһԡ
䣺
̧֣ԼĪɫ˥ڣ
ɫߣ壬ǽ̽̽ڡ
һ·˷ܵڽ
㡭
ţ
ˣ
գɫֱһλСѾ踮ţ˵ռҶ̫̫һ̥ʱȽϳһ죬ûȫá
̥ⲻﲻõġ
üǮ֣ϴκҲδôʱɡ
ǵϴδʹе꣬ҹûȫ꣬лʱ㳤
𣿡
Ǯף˳ʱ̲һеʱ䳤ģʹҲһ
ϴ֮˳ҲλСϧ㣬̫
üɣ̲סǣһȥ
Ǯæס԰ꡣѾޣ˵ռһ׼̫̫أûŮҸϱ˵
ս˫֣㷡
֪Ǯ˵еԼȥռңܰϵҲޣвԶַ
ֻ̫ˣ˵öԣҲӦ̫¡
˵꣬৵һվⲽȦȥԱӿڳ˯̱λСһվԼЩȥԺ˪ѩɡ
Щ·ַͲ겻
踮ΪλСŮʦ¼ٹң踮ѧƵóһԺ
ˣʱ踮λС㣬Ƿżٵʱ䡣
ÿ˪ѩ糿밲֮⣬ʱ䶼ɰš
ִԺʱԺһƬž
ֹſҪͨСѾߣŴ˻ůȥ
ȻأȻ㽫յ˻ȽϾȵŮѩģ֪͸ﻨƴʲô
ƣͬ͵ƣΪͶ֮⡣
͸δǱǴȢ֮ĵ˼
Ȼ˪仹СԷҲǸ˼¶˵ȥҲ
˻ᴫССͲ֪֣֮ȡԺĻ޶з
Ҳоãǵʱյ֮˾ˡյʵϲУûˡ˪С
ůſڵĽŲһ١
ü룬ʮʱС϶һյƣż˳ȥѾߺСжһѡ
ʱʱ̫Ҳûûע⣬Īǵʱ˪еյģ
˪ֻо갡᲻̫硣
һͣٵĹů֮ѩѾСȰ˪ڱϾѾˣ¶ãԺɲҪˡ
˪Сعһʲôůڰԡ
̨ͣϵĽŲԶһȷ˲˵󣬲żؽŲů
ƿů߽ȥͼ뿿ů廨ɫһ˲ᡣ
æů밲
ʱѾůϣѩһСǾޱ޵ѩ幤г;Ѿ൱졣
ѩЦ⣺лĸ׿佱
֣ùһ˪űĲѾĳͼǳǳһѤõĻƣ˵뷨ϻ©ҲƳѵĲٹ
˪Ҳѡò⼸ƵɫѣԱ֮ǰҲн
˵գ˪սսһԵĽСģ̾һĸѾˣ˪ǾͷŵĻú̸̸
˪۾
򴽣ɿڣĸףŮڻƽʱһλ֮ǰͻϼһ칫ӣڼ֮󣬱㲻֪أһƣ֮⣬
ﴹü˪ЩָͣӵСһӳȥأ
˪һ£ӽӲ
ﴽǽû˿õֱ˹ȥ
Сĸױн̵ֽʱŮӼǶ˴ģҲȶ̫硣
˫綨£Ӷԣ֪ŮӶԣȴǻǸ
ʾ轫ѩ˳ȥɫؿ˪׼չһĽ̸
*
ʱٽ磬뿪Ժ
Ժ˪ķУС۵ĺޡ
صԺǿǮһƣַֽеľд򿪣ײϵУɫء
öеĵ񹤾տϾӨ͸һǼֵƵĺ
ɲ˪˵ģģĶȤ֮
ǮּˣɫҲЩãˣ˵˪Сλ˵Ļİɡ
ʲô㣬ұҪˡ
⻰ͲǴҹӻ˵ģЩдڻе֮
ң˪Сž꣬δأҲ֪ԷǸʲô˼Ȼܵ˪Сǰ˵ЩòĴ˼

157 
ĪСС, ͽ丸Ļëѧˣ
үĻĴ˿׹
˼, ҡͷλӶʮüˣۼͻᱻͻ, ˪ԵҲҪȵ, ʱλӹƺӶ߸Ҳͬ⣡
ʼңޡҡ檶ж, ץһһŮӶʮ֮, λү˵Ժļ檶ﵽϰٸ
ޡֺαҪȥС˪踮ĵŮ, ûнŮȥСĹء
㣬ǰλָ㣿
Ǯָף˪С㻹С, ЩһʱףֻҪ˸, ܻ׷˵Ŀġ

˪СƢҲ, ǽһ̸ͨȴе
ǽġȫ, 
ǽͷ۵ġ
˻˼Բ߼, ԺСŽͨ, ֻˡ
﷽һĳ˪ϣ㽫¶ˡ
˵̫̫ϲǧĸŮƽѪȥϴһ˻㱨
۽üҲȾϼĨϲ⣺ƽͺãƽͺãĸһܿġ
ӹЦطˣ˵׼̫̫ܸˣ÷ϴȥ
ףһϲѶоԼղŻɬ鶼˲٣ǵȻջȥġ죬̸õѡϴ񡣡
ȥռҲμϴǰһ죬ȥԺ˪
˪տ޵ñȽף۾ŵģ·öɫСһ㡣
ԭȽƽȵ˱̲סؿʼҭҭ޷ֹͣ

֪ûôΪԼǸ񶾼ĸ
ֻǣ񶾣ڿżŮ⸱ģҲĲҲóˣںú룬ʲôʱˣʲôʱٳ
˪ӵؿʵͷŮŮ֪ˡ
̾Ϣһ֮ʣȻᵽ˪Уһɵ̴Ϣ
ü΢ѭζߵ˪еС䡣
￴˱ڷڿյϵСλԼλǰ¯
ﾲһۣת룬ԱսսĺСߵˣС벻ȰЩ
æͷӦǡ
ǰһ뿪ϵ˪𽥷ſһԽԽ
ͷǰСèһ㣬ûû߳ԺŲһ٣ɫĪĻͷһۡ
ҲǮ˹λ˪С£Ȱοˣ
򶨵ҡҡͷûֻЩп
еӣĸǹԹɵģͲһģЩ档
ʵϣӦʱͿǹĿܡ
ĸΪοһʼӦĻӵļĸôܻһûĦ
ȻһŻ£ҪеŻ±ĳͻ鷳
ֻ֮ǰһֱúõģΪᷢȴδ뵽ǲᣬӳ١
ңĦǷһ˪ϡ
վǿһٴ̧ţ߰ɣǱĶѡԡ
˪ޣ迴ڴһشƾǿ޸ոȥķ˪С㣬ļһƣۡ
֣Դ˪СҺԽԽˡ
һ磬ѩһͬţȥոμϴ
յոūͽһƬϲ
ĸѩЩ֣˪أ
Ц캮Щ¹СֶŮ˲ڼҺú
ĸŶһת˪֮ǰλµģ˵ֻһŮλҲˣദϵĶɵðպãǧҪ˿ࡣ
ףʾ˽⣺Ůǿ̱ˣͷĺˡ
ҲһζݣԼ˿ĸ룬ǲģֵȻǵĸףΪҲҪ̵Ͼ̵Ůؽ֮ǰǾʹĽ̵ˮƽ
Ůףء
գȹϴֺͶá˻ӻϴϯ󣬱ѩ˼ҡ
·ϣѩ˪ղͬѰûסڣĸףǻ˪
תͷЦԴڵⲢĸ׻ãԼҪöòܴǸ߳
ᵽѩҲˡ
£֪˪òԡ
ң˪ûʶܰϨĸ׵ŭ
ʱѩжţܺö˪Ӧò˶ãͻס
ˣ˵̬ŵúȡ
ﶣѩʱԶȥ˪Ǳ߿ú÷˵˵֮ģҲѩһһӦ¡
ֻԭΪ죬˪Ӧףȴһϣһֱϵ˲߸ؽİ翪δȵ˪
ԴԪڹȥ֮Ǳ߲֪æʲôÿ飬ƣˣҲû˪¹ȥ
ֻ̥İӽλһͶ뵽ﱸϸ¹С
߸ؽϴ¶ûд죬ΰĹģԱ֮ǰҪʢЩࡣ
һ磬Źһ踮к󣬱˵Ҫȥؽ
ｫӱ˲ŸյŹͱָűؽ١
ƿ٣һζ۰СѾͷֻԼĶҪˡ
ؽÿáֱŵ㳤ġ
ŵɺһÿööࡣ
Źסѹסĵ׵ļתͷмؿߵĴŮ룺ã˵ʲôԡ
ȰԼϽӣƯСѾͷҪ˼ˡ

ѵмԼĵ㣬Ӧά֮ĸгãһżҺദ
ĸżҲϲһӹߵĶϱ
ǾŹȻ⡣
۾۽һеپСѾͷͣһġ
ÿȫǰ֮ǰϹĻﳤģ踮λСδҲ̫ˡ
ţؽ㲻Ծϲġ
ŹֽؽСıסҵϡ˺һ̽ͷȥһԱߵĲ߸ջĿ⣺ؽƯ㡣
ůڵŮ죺

ʲô
˿ﵹǶԽ״ԤϣЦ֮ǰڹгϦʱŹһʣұ˽¶Ů׼ҵ򡣡
һЩ֮ǰû˵ҽ׵˼Щ졣
пⶼϦһˣ踮ȻһҲû⴫Ϣ̵ס
ǻǹϲˣСع㣬ССͱһиģһ÷ҡ
Ź޵ǼɣȻֻһλƷ̫䣬Ǽҳ֮⣬ʣµĶˡ
Ǽ̫үڻα飬پƷ踮Ʒ佫鹣Ҫ߳١

158 ˪
ŹҲ磬ÿĽ, ҷŻѰ˼Ÿ˿, ΪеСӶ, þŹȡһλĸһ˵ϷˣһƬһϧ
ع, СС;ÿ, , Ƿ绪, Ź۹á
Ӵ, ǲֳ֤һףǶǺ

˵Ľ͹ϲ, Źϵϲø
ŻеСѾͷཱུС̱, ̰̰׵, ԽԽϲĿ
ؽʱ붨ˣֻǵʱ˲ͬ⣬˵еҲһŮ, ҪԺ˵
ҵʱ˵, ϶Ů, ⲻؽͳˡ
ˣ
ڱ˻ʱ, һڶ϶Էڿ϶Ů, ж𡢶Թ
ǰ, ͬŹףҲǺƢ
Ⱥ󷽣˪վĸڳǶԵõĿޣ̧ӵؽٴһִۣ۵׷ɿһĨɫ
踮ǰԺżӣȺд洺䣬ɫ̧ԼѾ汣һ
ȲǱȲ
ԺҲŴŮϣĪ˲١
׶úðֱŻǼһӵĲں򰡡
СΪɤ̫һ޾ͽŵһֱؿڵĴӣһҡ
ۿߵԼæƱ趼ξ
üζ˹䡣
ҵĶŮȻܵԵ֣ԺһҪߵýһЩδ׼ҵݡ
ףģǸǱģҽ䣬һܸ̳һȫš
ɫϲúúãҼҴǸԺɾ鷳趼ξˡ
Ǽұ佫һ㣬ѡԵغˡ
Ǹ踮ѧյ
СŮģ¶ʹԣҲġ
һֵİ踮ܿͻָƽ
ֱգԺǱߴ˵Ļ㱨˵˪С㷽ŴӳԺ밲εˡ
ﱻһ£εˣôεˣ֪񣬿ȥ򡣡
ĴϲɫΪѣֹˣū澸оӦǲ򡣡

ʱҲѾƳеè壬ɫôϸظ˵ס
ϲ㷣ǰ˵͵ȴϺ󣬱ѳеĺȴȫһġ
ˣһᣬ۾˪СѾûسһٷˣū澲룬ӦǶεġ

һƢҲˡ
Ҿ֪踮ȻС̶ȣøеСˡ
Ǵϲֹһ£ȱѳȥһھŮȦҪˣ
ڵŮǷ׷׹شͷ
ʱҲ֪˿϶ر
һƽԼ̧λﱧ߸ؽȥһ󣬱ǮһȥԺ
տԺУԺδѧ质Ǻ质˻һʱԼ鷿ֱ֣质ش˽
磬磬֪˪Ǳ߷ʲô𣿡
质ǲǺ质ȴµط鱾ʲô£˪ͦõ˵Ҳ̫ηηˣѧĶҲѧˡ
ǰСӵ˪质͸Ȥ¡
˪ȥԺĸ밲󣬻ûߵԺأεˡ质һߣС˵
质Щ죺εˣ
质Ҳеᣬ质Ϳ˹ȥ
ǲǣԺһСѾͷϵȽϺã˵Ϊ˪Բ¶ԼԼˡ
质质
ȻЩص㣬Ǿ˵˪ὫԼεԭĸйء
⻰质˵ǺţĸǸԸ⼸Ҳ˽ⲻ٣Ƣ඼ǿͺദģһԴҲδ𣬸еһ١
ԸαȥΪ˪ǸСѾͷƬӡ
˵ص㣬质ԼȼȣԭҲɻҾ̽һ£СѾͷô˵˵ĸǰЩȥԺĴ˪дһƣһľӡ
˵Լ˲롣
˪ǸƵôģ质ռҵĶһ𣬲Ǻ质ͺ质ȴ֪
յһƣ֮ʹ˪ֻ˵һ֮ǰżȻʶ͵ġ
ڻʱѩվһԣ΢Īλ˪νˣзŮ
Ϊ¶ԼԼΣĸ׼֪ˣҲ϶ΪȻЩҲһҲ֪顣
Ҳû¶ˣڶһΪΣ质ʾԼλòǺ⡣
质Ϳٿٶ䣺ԼԼŵİɣ˵˪õĵӿС¶
质ǵʹȴоˡ
Ȼأʮ˪ѯǸ⡣
ĪǣʱʵģܷǸ֪һԲŲѯʣ
质Ƕͷ֪ˣʱͲȰ˵ʵġ
ʧߣ
ǵûùԼεֻҪлȥ
ڴ˿Сģ֪ԼΪʲôʮ顣
˪һʼԤϵǰ㣬ʹȴǲ
ֻ˵֮ãٳҭҭһ䣺ҴӦ˵ģ˵ƷξޣҲС
ȵ󣬼ǲλãҲ϶Ѿˡٴ۵㣬踮øеĵճŮȥ檣˪ϣܶ
ңҲܲһ㣺ҲֻΣĸ׺ܲףִŵĵ
˪ͣ˵
仹Сĸһζ㣬Ǻ㡣Լܹףǲɿڣ֮󣬽ŮŮ򶼳һٱ顣겻ݡ
˪ڴţˮʪų촽ʵĸףŮоԼҲеĵճŮ
ŮڸУĸϲײĸѩλŮһõϲȴѩ㻹硣
ĸҸ踮ճŮˣֻǽҵһŮкη

һ㣬ϾʱҲֻἰʱ˿ȥ֮Ҳûᡣ
ǵԼ뷨оˣǾͻǲҪȥ˰̵ĺá
ڣǰڹҪ𰸵ļŮЩѡ
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ظʱʱվЩˣսţҲæµ
սţ̹ܼұǰ﷢Сһ顣
Цˡ
˵ǸŮ˵ĺӣӣһе޴
ϵĴ멣ЦΪ⸮ĵճŮ˭뵱ܵģ

159 ס
ǵλһ±, òдԱȥ, ˪·ĻѪϻʵǰ·, 뽫ɨسţӻȥˡ
ڼȻ踮һУֲ׼úάֺ踮ŮΪ, 踮ıôռĲɣ
䴹ԼǽڷָŹǽڷǴ, Ц, ڹȥơ
Ժ, ѾϨ, ˪δϴʡ
ֱͦͦڷ۵ٻ£ͷŴʵҹӰطŴ
˫׵úҰڣɫ, ڴɭȻ
߬Ŵϵı죬ʱʱ, ȴŽܻ, Ҳֵܲˡ
㾲ţͻȻֻϡ顱һ, ޷űһ߿
˪һӴӴϵ, һ, ڴȴֹؿſڣҪЦƣһֱ̣Ϊ̵Ŀ־ס
˪޷ſڣһȺ멣Ŀܵؿ
֮ǰõ佱ʱºȫͬ
˵Ǹʱ·лǧٱĸһǰ䣬δѪħ
סݽסؿʼ´
伥ЦһǰֲڵĴ৵һ̽ס˪Ĳӣ㲻ýҸףҿһ޴Ů
˪ɪɪȻ׼ỹ৵һ
أɭЦ㲻֪ĸΪʲôô飬ͬλ֪ܵҪ踮ճŮݡȥ˼Сûɿ𣿡
˪۾˫ץססԼӵĴ֡
һ̣·ᵽζŨҵĴ̱ѪӸ׵ĴֲڴϣϣѬıǿס
ͣҪ˵ȴֻܷ졣
䴽ǹΣյĻȣ۾ͷ˪ߣͳΣգΪСֳ
ŲţҽôõλܣүԼתͷͻὫŪ
˪۵׵𾪺;֣ԽΣնȣԭ𣿵Ȼ֪Ĵڣȴ㡣
˪ֱֱؿͫһҲζ־塣
ȻȴδĿڣֱӳԣеĻ˺ѣԣֻҵıŮѣռҸϵŮλãΪҲҪ㣬㡣
Ĳˣ˸͵ɻ⣿
˵գս˪ɫתΪҰ֮ǰصһ½˦ϡ
˪ǱſڴϣͣϢԣڲĿ󣬶ָץԱߵıӸԼϣ·ԼܸӰȫһЩ
俴ǱſڴϲסԵСѾͷǰ˪ϵļŨ
ҲϲǸҲãǴû¶Լڳ¶ã˪ҪǵãһΣҼĸΪԵұ԰ϣ㶪үԸȥĺø檡
˪ֵصɴ۾æҡͷ
Ӳ£ݺһ´սҪ˵ЩʲôȴΪ˻ƣʲôҲ˵ڡ
˵ھȥȴδ˼תͷˣī⣬ھȥ׼С㡭
˪۾þƽ˻ƵĿ飬֪ĵӣֱץסǡ߬סɡ
촽߶µģֺֿ첻壬ףŮˣ˪ˣ㲻Ҫ˪ߣҪ˪ߣף˪ԺҲˡ
䲻һԣ۾ؿ
˪͵ţϵˮ£ȴֲ̧öҲһ¡
һֱ첻ص󣺡סס
һҹӳⴵ˽ɢ޷ڵҲ˪ĵԽ
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˦һҪİķʽǧ֣ϻʵۻλҲһ
ѡ
˪סۺϣ
ĿͷţԺ㶼ʵʵģ
˪־ͷ
Ҫĸף
˪޵ͷƵȴͣ
ҪסֻйˣŻ㡣
ĸ׶㺮ģʲôô
Ϊ޲ɼ
˪
գգۣãҲ̲ס۵һ¿޳
룬֮Ըĸǰˣӣʹ۶ǡǡΪ֪ĸԼеһ

׵ضԸ׻ĸǰҲġ
ԭһʼΪġ޷¼ƻ޴𣿣
ؿ˪ϵǱȡӣ˹ز˲֡
Σһת뿪
ȴߵһ룬ֺתӣڴӺҲű˪ӵ𴽽ǣˣĸ˵ĳһٱ飬Ҹоܲһǧ飡겻ݣ򡭡ǣ
˪ߣէͣ
ԽԼһȴΪη壬۾Էߣ߶µغͷ
ֱԶغӴŵķⴵ˽˪ŻȻ֪æУһСţһɪɪ
ɫǺɫ촽ȴǷ׵ġ
ʱڿһˣŷӦԼĺһ亹սսؽһɸҧűֵ͵͵
һֱԶŸܽ˪޷
һߵ󣬱㿴˶÷Сһ˪
æǰ򣬽̽뱻ӣ˪ϵѾʼˣִ¹ȡһµ°߻ߵ˪С㣬ԺǧˣԿĻ㡣
˵ô֮ǰûпĵӣ⵨һܰѸӶأ
˵治Ϸ˳ͬİ
ѣһˡ
˪ԼںıսսӦˣˣ裬ԺҲˡ
迴˼º󣬵һλ˪мҸӡ
ȡһӣöϵϸο̾Ϣ˾ͺãС껹СԺúñֻü
һߣŷ纮֮뿪ԺʱлһûϷ˵ͱϷ˵
ⱲΨһһΣΪӣŪСñŮˡ
ʱѾһӥ뿪ͼʱһڼ
ڷ쳣ӥĳԱֱӽʱ֤֤ȫ٣˲޿ɲ顣
踮˿֪һϷ˷˺ݣ˲ūͣʵЩӥĳԱٴϷ˵Ϊ֮
ĸ׵ʱѵ÷һκݣ˸СϻҩȴڵõСϵѶ󣬾ֱԼԼŵòڴ²֪

160 ̹
ĸ, ȥ
˪, ʲôȨǰִ
ƾǸĵƾʵı˸ףֻƾ޵ĺƢ
ͣ
صԺȥԡ, ϴϻɬѪ֮ƿʣŴѾ±˯
ָ, ԴСӵ, ȷʵԱȻ֮ǰ˸ı䡣
ĬĬ£ŵ˴, ڻС
¯Ŀ, ˫ʶȥ, ͻȻٵĴ̼, ס̾
ķС, Ϊůů, ûһ, ͼüչ
䷢͵͵ЦϧӡһǣҲų˯ߡ
գ仳, Ǿĥһ, С, µ±ŵȥ˾
ȸ¹׼ȥԱ߿λŮ˪ǱȥһˣѾͨˣдҲһٱ飬һǧ飬ʲôʱд꣬ʲôʱ
Щ죺˵ͨģ
֮ǰֱǰԼ뵽ĵ˵ˣȴǺ˵ֻͨ巣һԲߡ
һǧ᲻Щࣿ
俴ովֽ֣봲ţӴµСУȡһл֬飬üΪĲãķ̫ᣬȥĲӿ䣬ʲôˡ

ðɣǿǿ
һȷʵҲȷʵѧᡣ
־һСľͽ˸ֱûˡ
˪㣬ǲǹġ룬̽һϹЩʲô֮ǰ˵ǸеĵճŮѩһ㽫ֱӱΪŮ֮Ļ
˪Ĵڼ踮Ĵգصʹġ
֮Ҳһֱ˵ģŮͬδ˪̫Ŵȴ룬⡣
Ҫ
áҡͷƿ¸պãϸذϵ֬ĨȣУҲϹ룬˵壬Ͳ踮ѪͲҪҪ˭߹󡣡

޵ȴû룬ģ
ӴñҲȷʵ㲻öʣֲһֱڡ
˵Ҳûɴ࿪ϲؽ˪˵һ顣
˵꣬Ĳ䣺Ӧȷʵ֪ʲôִ취̽ʲôɣ˾͸ΪԼ֪ʱµĴ֪Ҳã֮²֪ء
ȻҪʸ֦˻ЩѪϵף͸ˡ
ͷҲøоأӲһʱͺáԺٿ׼̥ǣٲЩС˼ȥʲô۶ӡ
ʱ⸱Ƣ϶游ûн̵ã̵úһЩ΢һЩ֮Ҳ
һƢԸ񡢾·ʽƵıŮԼεЧ⡣
ٶżΣ˪ԺͿ϶ģ
΢ֻΪΪһº泩ֹ˹ıӣ
佫Ǽִ˴գ۾ܵޣԸЩ

ַ£̽䣺֮ϣǲ⶯ֱȽϺãȥԺ޷ˡ
еľƣԼҲŵͷ޶Һá
˵գĿϵ±ЦζһһЩ֮ǰԺ鷿һʱĹ㲻õҡ
ףˣΪ
ЦģǲҪΪʱұīȥһ롣
뿪Ժֱȥֵ
Դ߻ӻعһ£ϱѽŵľԽƱǰ
ȻڳϦϣԪ׿ڴͻ߻ӵλةĵմŮҲҪһ
߻Դӻع鳯ú󣬱㱻ʥ϶֮ҪĻһȨ
ҪλãעᱻӼʡ
ʵϣ߻ҲȷʵκλӺʹ󳼵־һͬ°ӣǴʱ뼸ǰʢͬ
谭Ѷ鷳ȫ̾ᣬ赭дر㽫ͷϣá
½뾩ߵ壬չֳǾѵԶԤڵĳɼҲԭһֱڰ۲ĻǣӼɵ
ԪۿҲӡ
ƳƵĶ׿һǸеοһǸеһǸеҡ
οͬҲֳɶԷǲͬƨ.ɵµλͼ
ңȻȼ֮ڽ֮ǰ˸˾ҩвλãҲҵѪ
û֪ԼĻʺ󣬶һֽϻλжôʹޡ
ʹ޵ʹֻʣһӣҲĸԸλԷĵز
ޣ
죬ӰΣ
֮У˵ԼͶĳӣΪ߻ֳԼԪΪյǿҶٰ㴧⡢й˼ɣǱ㻹һЩ˶ӡ
һλеļ檡
λԪ۴ͻ壬ȴڴͻʥּºû꣬屻λϸȥԺʧˮġδŵķ̫
檸Լո¡Ķӣɾ걨ϢƮƮһĨЦ⡣
öƷԱ֮ŮѡôܻȥҪܵӸȥ檡
̫ӸУǺôҲһ޵ݣܺùΪŪԭѾΪò棬ֱҲ޷뺡
ԭ߸ϵĶƷԱ֮ŮڻҪÿոһЩ۵Ĳ֮밲еĿм֪
ڴͻºɽݷ;ˤɽ£ǡɽµĵȴʱүȣΪµֽţȷ飬ڴ֮ǰ㱻ӣ̥ᡣ
Ȼ֮ף¶ûоԵɺϡ
үд˽ףլԼ͵չľ˸һ
ΪƺõȦס
ҪǣȦҪһλСһֱŵġδĺøף
ŵ߻ӻع鵽ߵϢӡ
ޣ
֮пĿ⳰ݺݺ࣬޺ԥļ壬ү
ḧԲСΣ̧۶ɾӯӯЦ㱳ӣҪҴӦˣϣ±Ϻŵġ
ɾ깧񣺡Ϣһܸˡū֪ʵݺص㣬ѾΪĺѡ±ϺϽͺ͵ѡĵص㡣

161 ɱ
, λ߻ӵĳŵ, Ƿĵġ
ɾˣ۾ү鷿ķ򣬰Ц
Ϊ㾡ȫĵŮүΪֻ
ֻҪ, ûм֧֣Խ߸֮С
ǰԺ鷿УչĶүشһս
ɵԼŹеɭ, ɲõԤС
дżݵ֮ƮƮյ, ڣ˵ʶѾôһˣεķ纮᲻ͦȥ
ıʿҡͷ̫ҽ, ²żз纮, ò˼վͻ῵, ڱ¶ߵķץúܽ, Ƕֵʱ
ûȫ׼ǰ, ȶֵ, Ҫеķա
һ˲, ͻᱻץסСӣǰ߳ս֡
ү޺ޣҲ֪ģǾƫ
֮ǰûбǰͻǼҵŮ, ڸ, ֱӴͻةҵĵմŮ, ǿϰŬãڽةֻϺĥɿڵ
ƮƮһ仰ϰ˲òŲúõ塣
˵ʱЩˬģΪ񵽱˵ߣȴδˬ쵽ȥԽԽûš
ĹֻеϲܵõЩ磽⡣
գ빫ıʿ̸үȥ˼檵ӡ
ڼڻӣ
⸮ǼȲȱӣҲȱŮҪˬ˲ΪҪ
޼ң޾ޱؽ˻ӸԼżѹˮ֮Уëؽ˽ֱֽϵıʼȫˮۣۼ
ؿѾռ˵ֽţͭǰžдױŮӣǰһЦĪҺܴ
ʥּ£ھδ߻˻Ǻ޸ϵ
дŹ⣬ĪΪԼΪһ涼δεĻȥԪۣ
ڰ˻˵ĵõǴ󱦣ܵǱǣҲ⴦Թ£
˼һλͻ߻³޾۾ߵѾ߷ԸԺеһ飬Ҳϣй뷿ƾնһŵ鷢
ǣС㡣
У¸һף෼ԷرٶһءϾȥ
СѾ߹һ񣬶תȥ
ڣ޾۾˹еëʣ𽥹Ц⡣
߻𣿡
ҹɪϡ֮󣬼߶
Ȼš˾ʹȴæҵʱ
һԺУոշһӵĴɱ¼
ڽӵϢ󣬷׷׵ñ򾩽ɱȥ
˸һԺ㿴ϵŤ˵һѶʬ塣
ӱԺеĺۼжϣոշһҵĴ򶷣Ժ˶࣬һ˸ࡣ
ңҪǣƾԺʬװԼжϣ⴦ԺģӦǲ֪λĹ˽»˽
׳װ
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˾ɳʿΧѲ飬ʣµ׷׹ԵڵϵʬһһΣ˻һ
һڡ˾ķͳȿڣңǲ˾ӵıϢһʱǰǣһϺ
Ҳǣ̷࣬һʱǰһؤҪͷ
Ҳһʱǰ
Ȼʵʱǽӵ֣ƫԶľ⴦ԺеŸոսãܲһӡ
սѩ¶ȣܹǸϵʱʬ廹δȫȴʬϵѩ鶼ڻ˴󲿷֣ɼԷȥ֪ͨǣ֮߱ԺеĴɱŽʼ
ƣǳ.ƣͳ챻ƶˣ޺޴ǽҧ
ʱڱԺеѰĹԱҲСŸ˹յ̷˶ϵ˵˼仰̷ɫϱ
ôˣŵľϱѯʡ
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
ϱ˼ͳ̷һ׵صĸ
飡̷ԥ´֤Ѽȫһͻȥʥ
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Բƣ罥踮ǰԺ˹ض˶ϵĶƿ鷿ţſڵīһ䣬̧Ժȥ
Ժ޷ڣΪ֮ǰĶԭδ
ֻǽСʱ˯Щ࣬ˣʱδȫ˯ţһԴü£ᵽЮĵѪζ

̧ۣÿʣ߽ߡ
˼Լŵ±糿뿪ǰеζҪЦˣѰɡ
ŴʵŮӣ۵׿ٻһĨ飬ϱ
ߣһĴӹҺã㻹û˯أ˯岻á
ﵭһۣȻ֪˯ã֮ǰĥһ˯һ
ڣԲǼƽʱЬµҪΪ¡
岻Ȼһ£۵ֻšʱŻḡֵĶֲЩš
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ʱֱ֮ǰݲݰõĲѾѪ䱻µͣͳһƿҩϣΪѪĲλҩۡ
ִ¹ĽУȡһƥ׵޲úҪĳȺʹСΪ佫˿°
ȫϣҲûȥʲôֻǵ⣬´οҪСЩȻΪû㣬ŻԼܳȥ
䰮Сģֻһ̣ȼ
ޣЩ롭
ȴδµǼմȾѪ°ãմ鷿СȥϴǰϨ򣬷´ʣ˯ɡ
䣺
Сϱ䵭ǿ̬ȣԽоһѳһ㣬͡
⵴סߵŮӣȵϢıǼϣޣޣޡ
˿ڣûºݾƤӵãֻǿһۣϡ
֣ԼǶûеֿǣʱҲ룬ԲŻûеֿ
ڣҪһ½ѵֹˮ
Щֱ꣬۽ȥ׼߳ŭ
˿ˮ
оս⡰.͵ĳ̶ȣԼӲ̬ȣò㣬ܻὫԼ

162 Ҷ
ѵСĵرԼ˵ļ, ظϣһٵ, һߵૣ
ޣˣ, ޡ
ﵭ̧֣˵Լϱȥ, Էȥ, ʾܸš
䴽Ǳ˱, Ծָ̧˸Լ, Լɫ˥ڡ
ְֽ̧Լ, ˰ΣԾɲΪ, 
Σ̾Ϣһջ˳˵ŵ, Ժܲˣ;ԲһѪ
ɫĴڣﴽǻ
, , ָỬ沿, Ķϴꡣ
泩ĵ., ɫ, ˻ǵ棿
棡϶棡´ٷֻܿҡ
ܼסͺá
ﻺԱֱȵĺУ΢Լָⰴ˰ĦĿ£̽ȥָ⡭
գʱߵλѾ͸ˣȻѾ뿪ܾá
˼ʱϵ˿ڣͭǰױǰѯɣڸʵЩģпʲô·
ǰ£λеķ뻤ףѾ˸˷١
ѯʣԳһ£ڣ̫䣬ū澶ûôȥһū澳ȥ̽̽
Ц÷뻤㣬һȥիΪ򼸱µμǻɡ
ϡἰİҵҲ²
Ա߰÷ٺɱǮ뻤һիȥ
ȵٴλظʱѽ󣬴ʱǰԵ˷Цݡ
һԺɱƹ£ϸϸ˵İԡ
ڿ˵֮ǰɻеظθڣˣ˵ģĴĶడū澶ЩԼΪ䣬ܵĴˡ
֮ҲߣֱӿڵҪ˵Ĵ£ǽıԺİʮ׳˶ӡ
Ϊ¶ڴ̼ū澽绹˸¶ֵһׯһٷһ硣
˵գɱ㽫ڷׯ龭˵һ顣
Ȼ֪Ǽӵľ徭һԺȫ׳꣬İʮڣһ£ܲʮ߰Σ׫ٰʮ־
رڽ糯ʱԪ˴Ŵ¾ĻԼԺˣ˾ץס׷¸ڽɢ󣬴˾֪
˵˲аܵׯȥǶʬ壬Ķ׳꣬ϵ˺۴Ե˺ͽΪ洫ÿа
ɵɴ۾Щ˵ıѧΩΩФ
е˵ɱ˿ħе˵ŮûרѰ׳Ѫαװֳڳɱе˵ǳѰǱԺе׳֪꣬ĸûɨɾβĹ˻˽
ĦеѬ
֮˵˾һʱ䷢ԣȴû˼
ֱϵ˿϶ⳡɱйء
пܣɱ˵һ
ˣ̧
޸ϵƴǰҵŮֻܺլŮ
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ȥԮµִԺʱ¡˾;˶ѵֳȥһ£ǷѶϢ
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ȻмֽŲıסˣǴڱסǰԼĨ˲ӡ
ӵϢʱүǲŵġ
Ⱥ˵İٶ᲻˽⣿
ǻܸ֮ǰ˶ǳ԰׷ģ
Ȼʵ˲пᣬµһ֣Էڶ֮ǰ˰ʱ֪ͨ˾ǵǼ²š
˭үԴ˼檵Ӻ󣬱һû˯
糯ص鷿Ϣ󣬸Ǳۡ
˭ң
ıʿŸ̽ӴϢδ֪У˻ɡ
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үšüңŭɻ󣺡ϰ˺Ʋ޳ԹΪҪң
ıʿ멣ȣ˭֪أǰ˵£ôӦүĿǰڼλ֮䣬ǡò֪̽ǴԺص㣬Ҫǰ߳սְɡ
ү˫ȭգıʿ䣺ȻҲܲǰ˵£ϸ̽̽顣
үҧأ³һ䣺飡Һݺݵز飬֪˭󼴱ˣҲҪҧһ
αֵĽԺٻ崦ֻĿԣĥĥ
үԺظԼĶӣ뿿ϣǰԺ鷿ķ¶һĨЦݡ

ϷŸոտʼ
žԺҰķսľ֮УǷֶ
Ϊ꿪ʼ֮ǰĵһΣү汻ǴԺзҳغۼԪ۴ŭڸб˼д˼ӡ
ṳ̂һ
үǱعڳ֮ϣվڻǰ壬û뵽żϵˣھҲԼһ
ûϵֻһԺѣеƣû䡣
үǰѺߣվڻǰ壬봹۵׿ٻһĨ⡣
Ĩɫʧ̫Ѹ٣ֳΨһֱӵ׵ĿԪۣæŷƢδܷ
үڸ˼ûã˻ҲسѼϢΪҪ;Ĳ¥ƹݺͷׯ
ûã˻ҲùԪ۵ѵ⡣
ͷˮ£֮ˮžһ˵ء
˲뵽໥ڶ֮Уÿ¸ҳһࡣ
У߻Ҳ˼ΰɱΣ϶Ѫܵ˵ˡ
߻ӵ׷ߣǰԪ۷̫ʱ㱻һְˣΪлУΨһûб¶Ļӣة࣬ӿνǹýͷö
һ³ةྲ鷿У˼ʱ䳯е󣬰ΣƷһ̾ϢҲ̫ˡ
תůϵʼ䱡֮ϵļλӶйУʧ
Ϊԭ׼ѹǡԼڻλٴʮĿԪۣѾôܰˡ
˵⼸¼䣬ǵϵҲ
˼Ǻ󣬿Ԫ۾໥ĵڶƣʱƽ
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163 
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˽, ȴԵĳǵ, Լø, ˳Ӵ˶ֵĵȡ
Ѿ£ŪֵܣѵŶԷǻԺ, ŪԼ
漰λ, һһĶû˻Ĵ
̶µĻڶУȱö׵ľšʮλӣ˳˻λֱѡӺӽˡ
ټ˽ˡδϱ¶ģþǵľԽ˷롣
ػů, է, ռҷҲӭĲڡ
εǴҪ˳, ʱ̣һͷ̥, ĸ˵ͦʱ䶼ϲ£졣
Сֶϴʱ, Ҳȥˣܵλü, Ա, ȴһ޶, , Сδһ˹Ŀĺò
ǳΪĸĹϵʱķ۵ѾȥǴȺᡣ
ۼ̬ϵı仯ռҲҷһ˿ǡ
ӭܣиĻ俪ʼʱŹıӣһ𣬼踮ǰ̶õĶˡ
ԺУŪϵСޣʱѾ£ࡢལټϻѧ˷Ǻʱ
߸ƢԱȽϳȣֳۻú͵Ƥȴȫؽ
ǵؽոճʱֻСèһ㣬ʱ뵽Ƿ˵һ⸱۵ĿɰģؽץסָСп
ؽԲ۾ű߬סָصζ˿ĿˮǵЦ
СӶԽԽؽ϶ԽƯŶĸԱһ߶ŪŲ߸һؽǱߴԴСѾͷƯСʱ򳤵ÿɺÿˡ
üᶯ
ûСʱģȴ䱻ڶŮĽΧ۵ķɡ
öòⶫǡüɣ̫ʢֻ²¡
ԣһֱ߶ŵģŮѧ䡢յ޸ꪹ棬ҲǿԿǵġ
ϱ̸䣬͸ϲСܽͨ˵ŹѾˡ
ĸ϶ˣһԵĲϻһ߶ؽһ߿ϵСѾͷЦ÷ƶ仨һСѾͷδĸҪˣһסδĸֵʱһҪǵŵ㡣
Ȼܲ˵Ź᲻ҪʱͻȻڡ
ȻĸʱҲţʱûؽͲ߸Ĵ
ǼȻ嶼˵ŴӦˡ
ʱһζʮȥļɫģӰھŷòѾòˡ
ؽСֱסĲϻ˷ֿܵǣ¶ССķһݣЦͣ
ŹԺʱһĿЦͷ㵱̲סһ
ûȽȥߵĴŮһЦģ϶Ҷϱ
ЦͷؽǺϬ
˵գĿӻλԴӳſʼõòеСӡ
ϧѽѽĺĸ׶ָһ˿Ŀ⡣
ΪŹ˼ͷɵδϱϡ
Ժ󣬾Źһ۾ƼϱŸϻˣؽ
ϵЦ⵱ᣬеĴǸŮһߵǰϱŲϻСѾͷſ֣ؽ
ڴŮеĴǸԼĸԳ֣ԷֿǣŹķſ֡
ȻŹȴҲδֻؽСѾͷڻУһ̾²ɰ뻵ˡ
ؽ
ǸҿûȵֻǱ߱СѾͷڲס㣬һƲͷ
ͻȻɤţеŮǶŵһ顣
ĸؿڻͷƣϲ󣺡ӴŮɣɤţһǸоĴСӡ
ŹץؽС첲ḧ˸Լؿڣǣһһŵģ඼ǿ˲١Ůծ
뵱һιȥӣڱСӶһɤӺģѾܹ.ͦԸ紵˴򡢿Ѳۡ
եʱҲõĴˡ
ԴӴǸ󣬱һֱڴСС˼֡
δ岻˵Գֵ.̵
ûʲôܲĵˡ
ǸЦ
ǸݸǸֽ󣬵һºۣСġ
ףлһעġҲһӸۡ
ŹسǸȭͷĴһۣҲҪϲؽǸСӾͷ̫һȭͷϰ졣
оⱲûܵĴȫСˡ
ԱߵĸЩţĬĬ˸飬ֻϣؽܹסԼĴñδĸ
ԣؽƺҲ֪ĸ룬һ춼ֵ൱ɣһֱЦţϲС
ŵ߸һǣȴûл
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İ졣
߸һ´ûסŤŤԱߵȥҪ֮ǰСһ죬ǵСϵȥ
ûҲԱߵᡣ
Ǹ
ۣ
δܹĵۣ
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ǣ໰
ⶸȻſһɤӣڵռҼ˸ֱһ顣
̶һڹŮֲ֣ؽ޵СӸڻУο
ŹҪʣʾ
ղģҲû
ҳСȹȥҸôһӣ˼Ҹڵȥ֮ǰСŲСĵһš
۵Ĳ߸ֻڵСԼ޵÷ʲôίһ㡣
˭˵һʮ¶ޣһµĸջ߿ޣš
Ź˼ضĸҼҴǸЩ׼ǿɲҪ⡣
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о仰˵úãѻ˵һǧԺ󣬾һ
̬ˣңкʮǺ£ɤһǸδ϶λصӺ
Сӱڻе̶СӸոձߵλÿϸ˿ȷʵӡӶУѸٽСӰ¶Сȸϡ
ɤŵĿЩˡ
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164 
ȻЩ˼, Ϊʲôһ, δŮ᳣ΪŮ΢ԤС
ţĸ㽫ѾĲ߸һ, һ˵۵ϲ, һߴнӹ޵ֱͦǣ˺ˣǸ, ǲ߸ĸ
˵, Ǹ¡
ȻδŮһҪ
ǿ̫̫Ķ޵Ķһ٣𽥷Ż, һ˫۾, ƺûзӦ质ߣתΪЦЦ
ŹˣСӹڼ踮СӸոǡᡱһ֮
踮ǣǼСү, ȷʵǱСӸˡСӵĽžҲĴ
ھŹе质ҧָǰһĻ, ƯһգգۣҲЦ
һҼ棬̸൱졣
ھƽʽ¶飬˫ǩֺΪ׼ҡ
ȷѶ, ĸɳһ, ȾŹһ˸ո뿪, æظе˷˵ŴүʵСүСС޹أԺɲϹ˵ۡ
ĸСĽ顣
ؽͻСܺõƿԼˣѧˣͲױ˷֡
һСʱǰ㡣
տԺԺУ֪ͨ质质һЦ
ôоλСǵĸˣ֮ͬ
质ҡͷһĴСУôܻĸƣ
˵գЦ
Դ֮˱㽫СõӡСȱ㡱ĵףҲ˳ԺΪСʱ׼
ʱ𽥽ļԺһ˪ڽдŮŮ䲿ȫꡣ
ʵϣԳøһЩ
ڱŲв˪ŵһ
ȵúҲûȫͨյڴߣһµĴ
ֱ¼󣬲ëʣһһʵأһ㣬õĳһɡ
ؽճ⼸У˪ҲƲסԼĺģúȥһϢгԱ٣Ů٣үΪεȡ
Ϊϣ˪˵ʱǲ̹ܼҺīصţԺ貢֪˪Ϊ˭ֻΪڻڶλ
ڰٰȰ޹󣬺ջ˪ȥˡ
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Уһλλһ𲽵ͨ檡
үãΪֹжӶʮһŮʮ߸ǼȲȱŮˣҲȱŮο
Դ֮˪ԭЩ˼ȫ𣬸ո֮걻ݺһֱ߬Ӹ߬˷ɻңҲðͷѿ
ֻһ˼Ժг飬֣żʱ٣廨λСܵСЩСҲС
ȵµף˪ڳŮŮ˵ʶԱԭȣӳ浾
˵ԭȵ˪ͺһֻɪСӣôڵһƽϪˮ
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˪㽫Լ⼸ַƵ˫СͷЬóݸ񣺡֮ǰ˪£ĸ׼¡
ӹ˫СЬϸܣɼȷʵǻ˲ٹġ
ˡ
˵գｫ˫СЬŵһԵСϣǰ˲ٶŮ̾Ϣһ
˵ҲĸףһֱҲδΪѵ˼ֻ踮ڼ䣬ѧĶѧã֮ĸҲΪһǵĺ˼ңҲ㱨ʲôֻⲻҪ踮棬ֻһ㣬
˪شͷ𴽽ҪǳЦӦһŷԼмֲŮܵģлĸס
üǰСӦȷʵˣҲһ
ۺʱͥģΪѣȻҲϣ˽ļͥһ㡣
̧֣˪ͷ
жеůУ˪Ҳ̲סˮ૵ԲĸףԲ˪Ҳ޵ġ
ͷʾ⣺Ŵĸ㲻Ҫġ
˪ĸӣԼΨһŴ踮йصһѪҲƲס۵һ
һʹ޺˪оԼ֮ǰļĸƱ˳ȥ
ܿ죬Ľ㱻ֻÿѩһȥŮĿΡ
ӷ֮ǰûʲôͬȴַ·˺ܴͬ
ľǣȵñȽ硣
£踮ڱЩȵܲˣƣ¶Ȼߡ
ظϵĴСǶ˱裬ֻǵļܶԱӳˣһʼҵࡣ
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գ۳帮УһֽʿѵƻͶһضҡ
ԭػЩ£ȴһվ𣬴ˣҿܡ
µıһ佫˵𣬷ӦѸٵ񱼡
δ䣬ܳ´Ͼɵ󷢳ĺ¡¡ڷĳ䣬˱Ӳһ亹
ʱ۳帮ǰԺܳʿ佫ԽԽ࣬Ҳ˲ٵľڰķݽ䡣
ɫ֣ڿտȴ
ֱŵµֹͣһûɳһͼʹϿնȻĺɫ̻Ѷš
̧ͷ۾
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俴ſڰȻī⣬˵ͷС뿪󣬴֪ҶļУԣڸһʱ䣬С˵ģȥƽʣµģ汾ٽԮ
ŵ
踮ʱĸڻ԰һһ˱һӣŶȥ̶¼Ūǡ
ؽƣǻ¼
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ԱĸеĲ߸Ҳӹĸеıļ˴̶¼ʼŶŶŶس档
ĸڿСﶼԶֻһһɰ
ʱǽ곶ضǣ̲סرֿЦӴǲ߸⻨곶ñöҪ졣
߸ŶŶŶ
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ʱ˶µĵ濪ʼˣ
ĸһŲ߸ҪվŵĵطΧ޸ߴݣֻµʯϣΣղ
ﻹǵŽ߲·ĸ죬ԶʯʯʺʹĿտȥ

165 ס
ߣǰߣԱ߷, ŵûʧɫѾǴ
ضúܿ죬˷ӦжҲ
ʹĸؼ߲·, Ǯֽס, ｫס˻˳뿪ԭȵ
뿪û, ǿŴ, ĸͺһ, ֱǴ䣬ȴûȫ£ɳһ
ڻ԰໥ִһضֹͣ
һ, δ
ĸֱŵòΡΡ, Сĵͷ, ż߲·ʱҲûֵĲ߸ֱϵ, ±ǲ߸, ûޣ
߸Щ˷ܵؾͷĴ˿, Χٻˣּ֣ŶŶŶ
ĸǿЦЦš
ԼľǮַסԼ⣬, Ͼס
ĸͻȻ˷Ĳ߸, ɵ, 㿴ؽһСȭͷ߬ס죬һһµᡣ
ĸͷ˵ֿͣӵĿˮ·оܺһ㡣
ĸ໹ȴһͿ
æ߸ݸԱߵǮ֣ﻳнؽڻУһ㣺ĸؽãĸô㣬ؽĸӽ쿪ʼΪܼױ
ٺϲĸؽϲﵽߡ
ĸͷൽβЦһۣع
ԵһȷضѾͣ£תͷǮֵںһȥطٴһ»දϷ˺Сӡ
ǣ˷ģūһᾡϷλСӡ
踮طضʱ质ͷӦѸ١
Ĵ󵶴䳡˳˳ֽԱСһ˳
ȵضֹͣµر质͵Сʹ飺үãСļֱĸӴСĴ򹷣Сһȥ켦
质һţˣһգҵȥĸǱ߿ȥҲ̹ܼ˽һ
ǣү
ΪǰԺʣµΨһһλСӣ质ԽܣŸеĲǽԫݣͷԽš
ҵǣûȵִԺͿ˴ҴҼеһС
æܲǰ񣺡ĸףû°ɣ߸ؽأ
ãҲͷһɣ򶨰֣û£ںĸһڻ԰Ǳء
͸ã㸸ڲڼңǸͳҲԺǰԺǱߵһ֧
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ȥѰ̹ܼңһͳһ£еǿԱԼݵ״ȥԺǱ߿Ժеѧӿ뿪㽫硢ȽӻظԺǱ˶ңˡȻҪȥ롣º̹ܼѰһػ
ףھȥ
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ǣˡ

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δȽӽԺһæ
üңץסһ̱ڵϵСѾͷѯʣôˣʲô£
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˪Сѵÿϳѧϰ֪ʶۼ̬ԽԽãһԺ˸ӣδô찡
ԽԽĽžžવµ
ףӿȺϸסλã˵ǶɢЩȥһ߳ȥ
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ֵ֣鷳ˣԱ֡
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Ƿˡ
ˣֿ˪ʱƶȽŷѡ
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ʱԪ鷿ļλԱ£ֵ濪ʼʱԪֱˡ
ôԼ󣬻ڻλʮ꣬Ҳпʮĸ䣬·϶ûǰ
ڳµıԱǵкܶк֣ҪƴһѾȼ֮Ȼһ࣬Щҡ
鷿ԪҲںˤ˺üͷ
żѾʹûмѾľϥǺ֣սսɫ԰ס
ԹǵҪ°շＺگ
ɶ
ǸΨһĵ˾ҩΪҪӵƴӵ˲˵ЩĪִɱɽԺׯе˽һǧˣ׳ꡭ

166 ද
Ȼ, ԪҲûԼж֡
ԹҪȵλҪ̤Ѫ, ԡŰ
ڲϼ˶ѣ˵滹ûԼĶӣĶֺη
ɴ, СڣʷԶʤд
, ͼ鷿Ͼݵ, ͵һ, 鷿ϵˤʯϣ齦һСʯ顣
еķɽԱ߹Աϣ˷Сĳеģǽ˵, ˿˿Ѫ
Ԫ̧Ĩ˰ϵѪۣɴ۾ʲô˼ʲô˼
뷨ĪﲻԲɣ
ضֹͣ, Ԫæ̧, Զһֱͳơ
ͳϻ, ųɫ̻Ѷţټڵʳƺȼ
ԪЩ, ҪһԼϵĵ, ǿشӵ, ߵļλٵҲȥ, ﾩǱ˾άһ¾ǰյ, ͳһ¸ʧﰮ䣬˳ٰȥλ￴
˭ˣأʱῼһ£֮ǷＺگƵ˭ͷϡ
Ԫ۶ԴϱĽʧ
ֻСδϳʮڱӹ˵⣬˶ܵƤˣʮء
£еŮõǸˣصҪϣڶӶ࣬ŮҲ࣬Ҳ١
صģһ˯Ӥֱӱͷϵĺѹ⣬Ѫģ
ϵ࣬һҲۡ
Ԫ۽㱨Ϸ˼飬˻ˣڹΪʱУĿ˼Ｚگд
ӺԺŲԶԼŵĺޣԼ뻳УĴӣСŮÿһʧ𣬶ı
ģûµġӹɵİοЩָ΢ĵĶƤϣ㲻Ҫ̫Сܵܲá
檹ã΢еԼƽųЦݣ£ܸģ㰲οͻȻˡ
СкͦظšüܸڳˣѾܹˡ
ЦЦŶ⸱Сģ۵һĨ
ûã˹ţԺŮͺӶ԰ʱѾ
߳סԺ䣬ͻȻ̧ͷ߿һۣǳһĨºĹ΢Цɾ꣬칫Ǹӡ
ɾ겻ɫ̧ͷһüӦ
󻺻뿪˴飬֪ʲôȥˡ
һ죬ǵԱֵӣԻǶڹԱǵ£ˡ
ʵϣҲûйԱˣµһŭʱڻΧǸǨŭ
ҲΪԪλ֮رϲǨŭСۣϣϥĸԼʱûһáϢ
Ҳ֪Ԫ֪ɺǻᱯǻϲ
ڵضȫֹͣЩǵػͷ߻ӸڵķеǣӦ£ǷеǵӶŮ鳤רڹ֮ϡ
ͳȫ飬ǰ׼ҪȥɷݵӣʹɣֿԭѾΪӭʹ׼õľסݣҪһ׮׮һ벻ˡ
룬ߵ˶Ӧ֪˼϶¡
ԺʱԸȥ롣
һ߻ӸУҲȷʵûˡ
رעŴȻ󲿷ָе˶ܺõԺһС˿ʲôԴ̬Խ
һڶɪһ𿾻ĹŮùǣĿⶼ壬˵ЩʲôֶθߣõĳԺ󱻼˼޵֪Ļ˼ңȥʲôʲӵļң˸ŮҪԼ֮յ⡣
ʲô˼߻Ӻã
ǻʼҰʹһ֪ңҲȼ޵ǰ;δҪúá
¹߻ӣЩĽĻʱҲ˵ʲô
˽ǴԼٹ±ܳ뷨߻Ҳйǵ뷨δԼȥ·Ӧδȫ
ʱ䣬ھʮ£ֻʣĸ£оԼŬһ
յʱ֮ǰķԸ¡
һж㱻ԺеĹŮ̫ŻΧȫûܵ˿˺
رվԺУδ
չôˣ
չùã㽫ңҰš
չùá
Χ˵ĹУ񻺻Ц££Ҳõģ
ʱԺڵĶ棬ûʲô£ǲ֪ô
ҷźԼзˣҲ֪ûѹˡ
ĻҵʱΪʲôҪּǽͷֱˤˡ

һ΢Ц̽ͻȻʲôȹھԼķ䷽ȥ
ڹкͻӸŮ⼸꣬ȷʵһЩҵڷδЩڹĵġ
һ򿪷ţͿ֮ǰ׵ϵƣΪⳡˤ˵ϣ˸ס
յֳڻƽʱΪӮõƣû߻Ӹĵ죬Ϊ߻ͻȻӡµһǣѾˤһΡ
֮֬ˮһճѺۣÿţҲһο塣
ڣⳡض֮յȴĶҲճˡ
ۿһȣڵϣĪЩޡ
뻨ƽʱɩеЦٿѾĻƣͻȻЩĻš
о֮ǰϣõյһ㣬ˤ顣
Ҳûϣ
ҹڵÿմæҵĻʹ󣬾»㱨
֮յƿʱȫ
ȥǲܷȥġ
Ҳܣ
ͲӦΪͯ꣬Ӧһȡ˲ǡ
ҹһƣŽķ䣬¹£ע⵽ԭϵյƣСطϵһľ
ľһС֬ˮ֤ʵ֮ǰ֮ǰǰЩʲô
ֻϧյѾ̫ף뵽ڣδƴһ롣
ŵǰƿǰɫʣ徲ؿŴϺǳĹ
Ŀ䵽˯ʶšüң䵽ڱⱻ޲ϸϸָϣɫѱ档
ãգգۣ۵׵ĻɬתΪӶȡ
ŵ̧֣⿪ԼķۣⶪԱߵϣÿ˽ȥ
գɫδϡºѰʱۣŵ˴
ʱڣɫѣȻۣϢѡ
ʱȴǿܵģĺá
ҹ΢𣬵ǽøɵĶˣңΪһαֲѣǿƣۣ˼顣

167 
ӴԺ, ӦҲӲ߲ѡ
帩ӡһǣḧҹ޵Щˮ׵۾չЦ
ĨЦ, û, ûк, ټϲ
񡣡
֮, ԸǲҪϢǰʹϳ
ڻ谵ҹ·ϣһλ۵С˳ݡ
£ѯʡ
ߵ£ūһūתš
ššüȴָչ
ͻû, Ԫ۱Ϊ˲˴ͻʥּ, һ˵Ļڶдʥּϡ
ԭĴͻһºΪⳡͻȻĵض޾ڵǷб䡣
ӹŷ, չ, ȶ룬λԱߵ޸С˵ͷȥҹӻᰴʱԼ
, ¡
߻Ӹ, ̬ƽϴϣ㽫źĹ˸˳ȥ, һǰط
ͻȻ, ԶĴ⴫ô
һ, ͷȥ, ȴ޶ֻһű˴Ӵķ϶в˽
ǿۣߵߴ򿪴һˡ
Ŀüƽؽϣż
ϴʱײλģ˵ҪԼȥ档
˳ǣ֪ŮھĻҾ£ҪԼģ˭֪ǹ
ҪǣҲ˹ˡ
ЩߣſżĿҲ㵭ġ
ڽżյת֮ԥһǽ
ȻǾҪгеĵ
ܲãã͸ˡ
踮Уһ춼ûȥ
µ֮ж㰲Ŵ㣬ԸҸһޣҹ΢
󣬴ҵľ񶼲ãڸмλӵİ£ĳӣԼ˺ţʣ¶Աݷǽԫ
ɳȥ̽ϢλСˣҲ̻ܿ㱨
ոǱߣĸϱһƿ£δʲôԤʧ
еĺӻСرǷĳӣո£˯ʱСЩܴҹ硣
εļڶʱСӵǾܲס
ŹǱߣŹԼСӶδˡ
ˣҲǰġ
תͷؽϲĸɵоƲȣò̹ܼҲҪΪضԵʣͷѲֵء
ǣˣūھȥ
һж˪ŵǰ뼸һ˵Ż
质ǵǹ鸮ʱԼžǱл.ҩıը
质Ҳŵͷʱ˾ʹ¶ȥ鿴ˣҺʹûȥ˵ⷢһεĻ.ҩ⣬ض֮Ҳ֪⣬Ȼֱӱһ֣ű˷֡
质ͶǺ棬ش֣һѻ.ҩˣЧͺһεЧҲˡ
ѩһ£Ϲ˵ǶԵһʲôͲˡ
质ͷæ˫ֺʮ䣬ּҲ֪ĸӵ˽¶˳
ǵĻҾƣֱָѪˡ
ʵϣԪۻûѪүѪ
ûŻ
ڿԪɵɨĿ£ֻͦţûɵĿɨֵܡ
ϸǴ.ҩ⣬Ӧûʲôᱩ¶ݵѶϢ£뵽ֵܵĿ͸ֱ׳
еıƺۣ׼ȻظҼ檺ú÷йһ˵
ڸͲ룡
룡
վȺУĿⲻɫɨ׵ĿԪۡ
տԪ۸ոճＺگȲˬΪ⴦ƤӵͻȻðĻ.ҩ⣬ûĹɫࡣ
ھˣ
ĶĶ
ʣµģĿ⻬򶨵İ˻ӣ۵컬һĨ⣬ǹһĨײĹЦ
Сˣ
һضȻûþϳΪⳡض챩¶˭ҵĻ.ҩ⣬챩¶˭ҵĵеһ׮׮һ֮ǰԪۺѹȥŭ´
Ԫ۱Ϊض˾֮ǿ̶дһＺگټϵ¶ǲϵֶΣûҲͦסŭģŹȣ˴ϡ
һ£ֻ˼ļλӣ˼߰˷֡
Ԫ࣬Яߣѹ£òԣȴҲ޼Ѱ
ǻ㷣ʹԼʵһʵʱѰ
ڣȻʱҪˡ
ڣ˭ȶ֣˭֣ЩҪ
Ҫǣ˭һЦ
ΪʵΪصүڱպһѰ˼ã뼸λĻŰٰ飬վֻҪġ
ڽʣµʵ⣬ӦȡϣҲǼ©
ȶ֣ơ
ҪľĵصȴȴһʵʱȻһС
֮һУصֺԼǵĽƣñӦĿԪۣûк
ÿŸ壬빫ҲԸȨ
գǼλ̫ҽοȰ˵ٲú壬ֶаԪ޷׼Ȩ
ҹԼֵµļ˼ȥֻб˾ҩСġ
Ǵձһگȥԭڻε壬ڿԪڼ䣬ֱߪ
λӣƾɶ
ǵî˾ڼ䣬Щ鷳뿵Ԫ۸ѡ
κħһߣһɡ
Ҳ֪屳վŵĵһλˣةǰǸ۲ϰܱһһ⡣
ûѰʲôôóڳĿ࿴һЩϳķӦ˲١
ڳ͢ٹٶĸйԽʱģ췴ˡ
ε췴ɣĻ߻ӵĴ졣
ֱ˵߻Ľ˿ԪۣȶԷȨ
ϢǿԪԼ糯ģѾں
յʷʤд
ֻҪȡʤ
踮Ϣ󣬱øС˺ͻغôţǿѲߡ
ԴӾǵضҪôЪ۳帮Ҫô飬ʱ򣬿ǵľƶŵʲôز
Уֻһ˼ҶףǼӲ붯ûҵɶ
ڴѾˣͷУǽʣµļλӶŹѵõĻᡣ
һҹս죬踮֮ڸǵƻͨ
䲢ûгڸУ˵ǣж质ǣ궼ʮģҲ
ҹ䣬ҲбԳҹ踮ϲδͶλӣҲδ̫УˣЩڳԹ޹󣬷׷׳룬Źȥ
Ӧһ˺һ

168 ֶ
תĸ, ȥϢжϱء
ĸȷʵСҲ, ҹ, , ҾԱɻֱӽҡ
ͷӦ, ֿ˪˪㻹, ҲȥϢ
˪߬ѩ, ҡͷ, ϸᶨĸ, Ůȥ˯ҷ۵Ҳ˯, һȵ, Ҳá
ļңҪ뿪
˪̬ȼҲȥȰ, ֻǰһȴ
ɫ, ˰һҹ, Щήҡ
ȥҹֵصĻСһڵļ棬뼸Ҳ˼ڡ
֮, ʹһۣתͷżɫƣ, Ե, ҲȻȥЪϢһ, , ЩӦ̫񡣡
质ǵ˵ĵؿ
ʱ򣬴ҲڣӲ˵ǡ
ĸף˯ɣҺǸ۾˯һ质顣
ԣţ质Ǹ顣
￴ϼС꣬ЦüۣҲãǱǸˡ
质λܵܵļΪежǱֿΣαȥϢ
ĸ˶ƣӻ˸ԵԺӣ质ŵǵšüң˵ˣ
质䳡ʱ꿴ЦЦ񣬳˳ǣ׺ģ㲻õġ
˵գ质油䣺壬ԶҲⲻ˵
质
ȻСӵĻôô˳ء
ȻҾͷˡ
еⳡնңһֱ졣
һڸУѾʼĵǵԳߣ治ɫ
ԭǻûã⶯һǲŷ֣µЩСˣˮƽĸߣš
ɵķλеһѺ֡
ȺС˻Ÿۡ踮˵㲻ϹҲ׽룬˸˵İȫС
գ踮ļλӾһһ߳ŹϹһšü̸
ⶼˣó˰ɡ
ǳңų죬ζˣν֤ʷˡ
Ҳ죬ܸˡ
ͻ
Ҳ֪ˡĸŻеСŮüп
⻰һ䣬ҲŰ
һˣһֱδյϢǵҲѰ
ֻʱûϢǺϢ
ﾲĬһ˲üۣ׼˵ЩʲôοοĸȴȻһ٣̧ͷʹ

صԻʹ졣
һ𣬷׷ףңң򶫷
ĬĬһţһ¡¡¡ʮһ¡
ǰʮһ质һվ
ȷǰʮһ£ѩͷ
ϱˡڡ
ɫֻǲ֪ϻλģλӡ
λǸҲûйϵǸûվӡ˪
质质ͺѩĬĬû˵质ǵԼʲôս֮ǰҲû׼
ԭȶ˻񣬶Ѹվ𣬳Ըϱˣȫȥؾ·ϼȥ֪̹ܼͨңȫ²á
ǣ/ĸס
ȺǶС뿪Żʯ޴ĸĸףҲȥ£Ҫȥˡ
踮ȫ꣬ĸҲط׼ʱҲ踮Ѷ
ˣ趼ξת渮ϣ߻ӽǻΪۣһаȫʱԲ̫䡣
ɫЩŹ֣û뵽յӮһոͻ߻ӣǴʱҲδ롣
Ͼһû߻ӣ߻Ҳ̫󽻼ΨһһнĵطԼСùá
СùýҲҲ˵Ψһһ㽻ҲܿҪ
лࡣ
˸ѣѯ˶Էţܾ󣬲̹ܼԽͳȥ
ĸ˵ס֣ϲû¾ͺãû¾ͺá
˭ʵۣĸȫ޸ϵ
ﹴ𴽽ǣۼĸڿȴۿɼĶپЦ˵ĸ֮ǰǰ׵ˡ
˵öԣ˵öԡ
۾ͽˮʡʡ½
ĸ飬踮Ϣ质质ͺѩȴ͵͵˸Է䣬ۿ
߻ӵǻˣϧǵļҲˡ
ԪڷȵͣʮգǨꡣ
պ߻ǻΪۣš
ȵ֮죬еսɣ໥߳Ŵ̽Ϣ֪쵽׶ȷѪꡣ
Ԫ۹ʮӣһҹѪȷһսУֱ
ʣµĸӣһյʤߣȻʺµΨһӣҲʤ߻壻
һӣ˵Ϊʵϵòˣһֱų֣ŹһС㣬Ǳҵս£ֻӶӣ
ʣµһСʮӣûҲӽˣӱ䣬Ҳûг֣صһС
ֱӱһ˹ȥʬȴһɼǵ˰ֱ̣ӱݡ
⼸ı仯þûһ
ԭЩǸ߸ϡҪǹſڵĹˣ˵ˣң֮£꣬п¶һ޶Ķ
Ϊⳡȼս˲ٹְֱͣӴƷ˴Ʒ踮һƬϲ
ɥδڼ䣬ϲҲֻܵ͵¡
ֻһ˽̸ţȵ˴ɥøκúһ
ʵ۱Աаһ֮ڲ׼֣ʮڲ׼ףһڽֹȢ
ֱ֮𽥱䣬ǵղϲ
ۼʱѾ쵽ʮ£ȥæ飬ǻԭȵ߻ӸѾ˻ʹʲôʱ
ؿһۣ̾Ϣҿ԰飬Ҫǰ׼
ﶯһɫۿɼĽţʲô˼
֮ǰǳҺĸ׶͹ƽѶϢ
ȻԵʣѵǡԺпٻιĳִ𰸣ܾȥ롣
壬ոǻʲô˼
ֽ߬ס֮һ˲Ҫ.ĳ嶯֪ڲõʱˣӲǿѹµĺ֮ǰΪڱǰ̽ڷ磬µ˼ǣСùѾŮˡ
ɴ۾ܣ
ϴλƽںѯʹ֡
ʱ˵Сùòδôڡ
ܵػζ󣬹ｫ߬øװƽȵĻش𣺡Һ֪̽ΪǶʱ䣬СùñֵöԳ̫˷Ա¡
һߣͽ˸ˡ

169 
һȵ, ߿˵ϻ嶼һеСۡ
ֻڿԪ۶ԣС۵, зִ, С۵˻Ҳࡣ
ܲ, λСùñռһ

촽˲, ǽܲʵ
˼ƽ, Сùἰʱ첢, ̲סһ, Ϊ
Сù, ̫ˣǸʱҽ
ϵͷ, Դ, סĻ
ֱｫȥˣֱ޺ҧ⻰ɲ˵ûֿܣ
˹ѶƬɽ, ޴Ŀܡ
ǵԵע, ־Ϊתơ
, СùڹҲԮڹҲελ, չЩʱһ֧ӦЩ, ܵ, 
ҧҧ, ֪ҲĿǰΪֹõ, ֻˮԾƵ¡
Сùһ̫࣬ǶԲ
⸱˵ģ̲ס̾һֽСϱ뻳У˽˵Ļ
Ҳգ£ʣµǼ±˵ա
Ȼƻúܺãȴûиٴ˵Ļᡣ
ڶ磬ε۱ʹ踮һʥּ
ˣʵگԻ踮质֥˫ȫ־ֲ㣬ϼ󳤹ֽ踮质ǹϼ󳤹ϥ£ǣմ͡
踮ˣ
ּ
л¡ꡣ
ؿ质΢ؽʥּؿŲ̹ܼҸּʹϺɰֱ˶ͳȥˣ黹Щκ
ɻתͷ䣬ڣΪʲôΪ֣ͰǸˣ
оڵεһҲãСùãǸܲˡ
һǹ£Ӧ˫ͥپ
˵Ҳ˵һֱһʥּ˺ӣ
뵽ͻȻһ٣䣺֪
ͷǰֵֻ򣺡ʥ֪˵ģһֱڿޣԾʱ˷š
˭뵽ۻһֲ
￴ŲԶʥּԹԿ质ǣ۾ֿʼЩᣬ̧־ֵƣݺһ£
֪ʹӦˣͲܻͻͣУΪʲôҪѡǼң
䴽˼һϵ˵һ䡣
Ķ΢٣̧ͷ۾
̬棬һ㿪Ц˼겻Ծ̲ס
Ҳ֪ΪΣˮرࡣ
޹һ󣬻ûл͹ֱ
质ǶҲǺ£ǿű˿ڣҲͦõģǸǱҲܳлϼ󳤹ϥ¡
һߣ质ǱյϵʥּҲǰٸн
ܶĸݣȴδ뵽ϼڵϼ󳤹
ֲ֮ǰԼ棬ǰСĽȫؾ
ֻǣȷʵҪλʣΨһˣȴûҪ뿪ңҪ̳ȥ
ңֱͨʥּķʽֱӸ游ϣǿӲʽ뿪
踮źĸ飬콵ʥּǳ
质ǿǰȦڻаοĸʥּŵУͨһڵأͣؿ˼ͷ
Ӷл׺ĸЩĽ̻壬ǶӲТδܻرĸǵøĸĴᡣĸһģʱ̲һ

ϼ󳤹Ǳߣյʥּɳ˼δСӡ
ȻģЩеĴ󳤹ˣҲûе飬äСؽ质ǷеĶʰһ֣
ʣµģ֮ٸʰ͹ȥ
Ľ质ִлҲֻܵȸѡӣ质»һˡ
ϼ󳤹ǱߵǸ󳤹ǱֲˣʥҲΪ˴󳤹壬ַʧ֮˺˲Ҫ⡣
ңĵ󳤹.״Σ
һǣšüصëˣΪ֮ǰĹޣֲˣãЩ
ϼ󳤹֮ǰԾԼʱ޶࣬ԭҲ质ṇ̀质踮þͺܺãνֻԺܹؼ档
ֻ󳤹ʵڲãΪʥϻλѶһɣսԡ
ʥڳ̽󳤹ʵڵǣ˳ϲһ˽һ
֪ϼ󳤹֮ǰĹޣҲʹԹᡣ
ȵ质ڴ󳤹ǱʹӵĴߴ£踮վű߿ԶȥĳӰһʱ䡣
ֱӰһֵʧջߡ
ͷѾȫĳͻȻоǰΣɻػ˻Դȴ֪ǲǻεĪһѣᵹĻС
ޣ
ĸף
ĸεˣȥ򡣡
ε踮һæҺ
Ժ󣬴иѹ󣬸ԭЩͳգһӻ
ˣ
Ѿһ£
ϵģԺлδŮӣٴα˲㱣
뿪ԺϻŰհ뻶صı飬С˵ָ£ں԰ҵͤзʱɫŽЦôҲ뱻̳ȥԣû
质质ԣҡͷ
ףɱϹ˵ˣİ˵İֺϣ质ͳɤŽе
ⲻΪ뿪ˣһʱ˸аˣףǶТģ¿ɼ
˵ı飬һЦ
质ʱҲӦӦڴȤЩ˼Դ
Σ质䣬Сѯʣףǻм˻𣿡
ҡͷ͸Ǳǿ϶ûˣǱߵһãҪĻҿΪǰš
ˣǸŮɲһƲ磬Զ˪һ¾˻ȥҪѲöˡ
质Ա齩˽֣𣬿ǧ𡣡
Ǳ˾ˣǸãֻ۸ζı飬óڻɳʲôģ
˴СǸһ㣬ѧҪǿأΪĿģֶΡ
оպܺãҪı䡣
Ȼ质质ͶŲҪı䣬ոռλȴ롣
质Ǳ̳ȥĴ糯۱ķ̫Ӱ̶̼죬Ⱥ󹫲ʮλ
ŵģɻس٣ģ˽֮󣬿Բμӿƾ٣Ч͢
У质质ͺѩڵҡ
죬质质ͺѩϢϲѡ
ԼȥǽϿ͢ĹʾһվڼȺУ״ǱȴһգҲգģ鼤£ϲ

170 ּ
, ˣðѩϲŴСš
˵, Ѿò, ֺޱ۰뻶, ȴһֱԺУȴ
˵, Ҽ˵ʬ, ҹӺ͸޵Ǯ, ͻȥǨǨ, ɡ质俪ڡ
ɲ, ͸Ǯÿ糿䳡ѵӱ, Ϊ质ۿЩ, ǴֵЦţԾա
质⻰һ£صһۣӱͼӱ㵽ʱҲһ𡣡
ѵ, ˱ˡ
质ͷ, ɵȻ, ұҲһأ
һۣһЦ
֮һ踮, һԼŴһȥռ¸滹Ը֮Խ֮ǰûʲôͬ, ȴҲĵԼʵݱ, ۼˡ
ֵĽֵ, ΢, ǵͷȴһƬԴ֮һֱĵ׵һ˿ҲΪ﹫ʾĳ֣ɢ
ڹʾ󣬲Ŵ֪мλŮݡ
ڴϿͷϵĴ﷢һתͷ䣺壬˵͸ѩҲᱻ̳ȥ𣿻ߡڣ
ʧȥһѾЩˣʣµһʧȥܵûͦʱ䣬һܻ
۾鱨Ϣ£̾Ϣģġ
»ᷢһЩۣȴǿ϶ٸʲôʥּġ
ڰТں󣬸ڳϲһ켺ֶθӲѪҪʱ
ڸ֮ǰ̫ӰܵǣĴ󲿷ֹԱ˰û£踮Ĵү质ǽӵ˹ʥּ뿪ûã质质ͺ˪Ҳյʥּ
ˣʵگԻմ踮质ԭ̫֮լۡһһǧմˡ
ˣʵگԻմ踮质ͣԭͳɽ֮ɽ⣬լۡһһǧմˡ
ˣʵگԻմ踮Ůѩԭư֮Ůһʮƥǧմˡ
ĸץס֣һ˲侹ЩѣǺڵľơ
ЩŮɲţǶҪԭȵļ嶼ҪȥǶˣ
踮ߵ׽ʥּĸޣʥʲô˼ҪҲ̳ȥ
ǳһĨЦݣοû£ֻǶй֮õʹͶѣδ̡
ĸַȷ˼飬ɳһֹţⶼѾ⼸ӵԼҿȥ֦ɢȥҶˣɲ׵رߡ
ԺһҪǸһЩ
ĸϵЦݲ뼸
ʥּ˼ǶˣԳо˽质质͵Ҳ֪ڿ϶۱̫ʱµŬ
ڸǴ鱦ʾûһеΪѪˡ
˵ʥּȷʵжûڵƽȴôôּʱЩ΢
ϵ켺δȫȽӣⲻҪ۵λδȡһĻ֮ˣȷĿ
质˿еʥּֿŶѻǰԺеĿаǡ
ʲô˼Ҫжĥɱ¿
ȴʱδǣֻǿЩ԰׵ɫˣϲʹ˺һЩʲôݣǵŮ𣿡
ǡﻹǾ¶Щԡ
۵⣬ΪʲôĹֲֻᣬֵлδϨʱ̣Ϻǵ˵
˵ףЩ¶ģճ˹ɥʱ̣ҲЩʱˡ
סֱ֣ϲɫһ£⣬Աһɫĺǣ¶ºЦ⣺ǿȷʵҶ˰ɣǺ¶Ҫġ
质æףĸײöǣʥⶥǸʹЩĶиı䡣
质ҲͷǾǣǶ˵С⣬Ķı䡣һĸΪϱء
ѩ˪һ߹Цס֣ҹĸɫ԰ףŮĸ׻ԺϢϢ
оЩЦȴҲ˲١
֪ӦлҪ˵Ҳѩ⣬˪һһǣס֣Ժȥ
뿪ϵЦԻǰڲ֪Ѿ꣬̾Ϣһ߰ɣȥ鷿
质质æס
ԺЩʥĽﶼ˲Ϲܣ̧ž͸鷿ȥ
һ鷿Сȫϵ鷿ţذ̱ڿϣһ
ģ质质̬Ҳȷ˼֡
ףôʥʲô᣿Ƚе质ѯʡ
ǰͻȻʱѡ踮ʹ͵ͷһͷ򣬵ʲô˼质Ҳ˵
ؼǣ踮ѡʹⲨĵһͷ䱾ȴûеõٺôΨһõǵϴ˴ʥּѸı׶ˡ
ָЦǷģʥ϶Ӧûʲôᡣ
ӥ죬˭Ҳѡ
ҹƣ֮ԭж֮һģʹǶʾһ㣬Ϊϳ󡣡
质质æͷ
ڵڶ㣬һֱȡ
ȣ˲⡣
䴹̧ͷ۴ʹķӦ֪ĸһλСùãС˹ԭ͸Ҫˡ
质质ףĸ׵λСùãǶ˵
֮ǰȥռʱҲ˵ĸȥɹʲô׼Сùӵױ֮ࡣ
Ǽױķ֮أռҵĴʣǼдϵ£ȴһԹԡ
ǶλСùþҵΡ
λСѳ£ʥôң
ڹзʲô¶ôҲӦôռ
ȵͷҡͷλСؼҼˣʥϲԸšôһҲ²ڹаˡ
ǱƺˣһɿڴӦڹУߵķҪˣλСѵλҲˡ
质质ĬȻ
˺ܶ࣬ȴû뵽һ㡣
ֱ뿪鷿黹Щ㱡
质죺ֲø׽ĸ֧ߣĸڻӣ̼ܲ
质Ҳ̾ϢλСһʵ̫ס
ʱΪռԸ빬СѡΪлؼİʮӣÿռǮ֧żеҩѡ
ۼʹˣװܹˣֱһһתѾǻΪ۵ס
ΪռߵΪ׽ˣǿ֪ռҶλСѵĻعжôкΡ
ھլӺ󣬾͵Ϊһ뷿
ڣһжȻֹ

171 
һ, ѩڿ˯ź󣬲ŴѾ߿еõ质͸Ϣ
էȻϢЩ, ־, ȴδάֶ೤ʱ䡣
صԼСԺõʥƷĵӣᴹ, ͣȨ, мܲȨġ
, ߸ϵʥ϶޷ס
ֻǿϧλкøеС, Ӧ޷ˡ
˼Ůӣһв£ӦǼֲ˶ãֻϣλܹİɡ
ҹΡʹеһ¹, ڴϿ޵
źĹ, ˽
ʱһ, Ƽ, ̶, һǶԱ֮ǰŨء
Ų, ۾̧ͷһ, һƲͷ, Ҳһۡ
̾Ϣһ, ü, ˹ȥ, Ͻ˱ס壺, ˣ
۾ū澾ؼҴ죬ɩסһסɩصΪµĹ뷿ֶֶŮסٻ𣿡
۾С
ָоֻ͸оһãȥ֮ͻԽû
Щ飬ֻдδӵйŻ᲻̰һӵйָоʹ裬̫ѣ
һĸ飬Ҳһ̰
󣺡̫̫ˣ
ס²ǣֻ㻵һΣԺ󶼶ãá
񣺡ء
֮󣬹û죬۱Ϊ䲹һʥּĹְӴƷ¶ξΪƷжξ
ͬʱлһϢǱ۽ߵһλŮͷΪɡ
ҲΪֹ۴ͷΨһһλ
ʣµЩ֮ǰ檣ֻһӦ֡
ЩʵЩġ
Դˣһ󹬼£Щ⳼ֱ֣Ӵˣ֮ٸ
ةฮУ޾ϢʱԼļױӡ
ԭĻڣةΪ׼һݻļױŻڽ֮ǰԪްδǻΪۣת۴δδʺôղ֮ǰǾ辡׼һݷϻʺļױ
ȻеһϵйأҲҪѧһ¡
СѾ߼ȫ̲޶ٱ飬Щ죬СС㣬Ͳ𣿡
޾񶼲һΪʲôҪһլĸδĻʺֻҪعأңôұҲΪ
˵Ϊһδעһѡ㣬Ů𣿡
˵գ͵ЦһҲСѾǷ⣬ͷŲԶͭüŮӰ񣬹𴽽ǡ
Сĸױ̵ΪһϸĺլĸģҪܹסԼġֻŻԶڲ֮ء
һԸûκ
󲻹϶ûƯûƤ𪣬û۰Լ
ԣעЩνģûбҪ
һΪһ򼸸õĴִߣ˶ѡ
һ
ȷѪѾȥԴӵǻΪۣ¶δչ¶Ѫ
ڳڳ㷣Լƨɵµλõǲʱֶֽȫֹͣ
˵ף䣬󲿷ֶսӵλֵܵȫɱǿ϶ɱġ
ˣ֮У谭ҶЩ֡
ֻҪպܹ˭ͷϵĵֻֻۡۡ
ʱѾĵڶ̥޽
˵һ̥Ƕӣĸ΢ЩʧڼѾ˲߸һӵǰ£ĸǺܼ
ڿúܿӵѪǹҲء
⽫һŮټʢ϶Ҫúᡣ
Ȼοɲ֮ǰؽǰ㣬µ̫硣
ûؽҹദĸڿֱĶĶġ
ѾʼƮˣѾʼоԼ;Źµ̫Ϊִ٣Щίؽŵڣȫٶһ
գ踮ݷá
ԴԳ壬̵ϼ󳤹£ϼ󳤹վ󣬱ʱ踮ݷá
һȥѾʮ质Ծûжס
ǽӹһӱ֦ûסظ߶㵱˵ҪԼԺ˵ףת۾Ѿʮˣ󳤹Ǳ߿ѾΪ࿴
ǵͷѾ࿴ˡΪ֮ǰ˵ҪȿŵĴ󻰣ĸ˵ϵµԺԣʱ͸ɴҶ¡
ʵϣϼ󳤹ϼ󳤹ȻΪǸνİ˸ӴŵТΪѾµǰ·Ҳ̫
ʳǻشģֻһϣǾٶøµ̫
ǱãǱáЩ֮Ѿı䣬˵ҲʣֻѾʮˣ͸ѩҲʮΪ࿴£ʱɲҪ䵽Ǻ档ǰμӵõ£Ͳÿˡ
ԣһȵıϣҲѵ¶˿Ц⣺ôܣһˣܳףҪ׻ҪȵʮԺء
ҲЦû󣬻ɲҪ˵ָ̫ΪĻ¶磬ܸǰס
质ȥѿŹһʱμӸŮͻ硣
Ǻٺ̲סͷĸҲȷʵΪ·ֻоģϼ󳤹ֱ˵ûϣߣϲʲô͵ġ
βТһ͸
һȥûһĶ͡
ĸĸվȥոΪ갸ոճĳӲϺ
֮ǰϼ󳤹ŵµĸһȦ갳ӳʱѲӵأûнӵϢ
һҪ롣
갿һδԽ׳еݸСȫˣЦ˵Ůʮ˱䣬СҲضãߣ׳ʵ
质ǴṴȥһȦҪɳ
ĸ˼Ҷʳ֮ǰΣͦѵġ
εǲĵꡣ
갱ЦŰ֣ڻء
˺갱룺˸ǴǾһĵͤ飬ȥһǵš
质æӦ¡
ռھеլӣҲͳΣϾĸľ˼ңǻͬ
ռͼеլһ㣬⴦ǵլ԰ҲһӣռʱʱǱµͤ顣
ԶԶأո̤֣㿴ͤŶȸˣЦոո𣬱ͻȻƲʲôһ㣬̧ͷ
ԶֵϷһλŴµϸСŮһڼ׳ϴľϣ˯㡣
ǵĿⲻزһ¡
Ϥ٣кмƣö룬֪

172 ͻ
ǾֶնյС, δһѾ֪ʱ, ΪһСŮ
תΪЦ겻, λıСĸܲյĿĲһë
ô֪, Ӧǲдϵ
, ûסϺȻǳߵСŮһۣŵͤȥ
ɲǲķ, δ롣
˼Ǻ󣬹ܸ, е鱾һӣѯһ·ڸľ
˼һЩȤף˵˵
ȵֽһ䣬ٴ̧ͷʱ, ԭǳߵŮ, ȴѾڲ֪ʱûټ
ֻһľ廹֮ϡ
򴽣ȻһȻʧ
ȣʱȥμһЩᡣ
ڽеļӶдȢ, գڽӵ˾ŹӺ, һ˼⣬Ӧ
ȥ˺ͼүС㶼˵һͻ, ׼Щ, ʱҴһȥ
, ˡϼӦ£룬ֳѯʣ˪С𣿡
˪С֮꣬һ˼ңٻȥμʵͻ硣
˰֣ް֪ͨʱһϡ
ʮһ꣬ʮĽ֮ҲԶˡ
εͻ磬˪ǴȥˣģؽǾŹصضһҪȥģѩ͸ҪĿġ
һ磬ȥԺУѩĹ뷿
ʱѩѾ֮ǰΪƵɫȹͷϴʱ¾Ůеľ
ΪӻŮ߲ʱҡڣر鶯ÿܾŮǵϲ
ѩտƯĿޡ
Ѿɵѩ񻣬̬ȣԲʱ䷼ǳǳЦʱȴĿк飬էůӭ˵ý
ȡһԾɫӣΪϣºЦӣҲĵĺÿ
ѩž򴽣ɬһЦлĸס
ʹʥּλֳ˵ûʲôı䣬Ͼ֮ǰĲʲôͬ
Ҳ˵һЩı䡣
﹫ʾֻǰһ£Ҳûи֪
ʥּһȴԽԽܵ质质ǰѯǣҪҪڡ
˵󣬵֮ǰļѾΪŮѪģ̫Т֮ơ
˵һ黹ãȵÿһʱ䶼˵һ飬Ǿʵķ
质质ͱһţԺãԭȼ̳֧жѪ
䲢޲ɣʱ˽𹩷ֻԼãԼ
ѩڵʱλֳľ󣬰ҹڴϵԲ˼á
ʵҲΪĳɼңһλùȥǴһѪڶ˹
֪Ů޶׾֧֣˵õ֤ЩΡһڻϻӼѡ
ǣĪģͷԴ󣬱Ҳͣ
ֱѩ飬Ĵǣ˵ЩֻҪȷˣҲڣν
ܹ踮ƷۡΪѡ΢ͼһЩҲ͵ȥ
ˣѩһֱģڰ
Զǵʱ˵Ǿ仰Ůڡ
ԣжѣڡ
˪վԱߣŽʰѩҲһĨޣѩ̫ÿˡ
ѩ䴽ǣ˪ýҲ
Ҵһȷδʲô󣬲չЦˣùάˣ߰ɣĸҲõȼˡ
˪ѩһЦΪʰñСѾߣһǰԺȥ
质质ҲǴ꣬Ҫżµʱ
һ˾ͱԵС˸ϴʰһվڶ⣬ĸʰϳ
质һûһµҡȣЩ޾ɣͻ磬ҲμͻѾҪμˡ
质״̬ȴȻּͬԲͻǷڽϡ㿴⼸˳ţǱʶ˲֮ͬˣ
ǰڸ䣬ܹʶͬ˵;ǸŸ׳ȥʱʶʶ˼еĹӡ
ȥμͻŷ֣ԭĹӸҲˣϰͬͰ͵Ļ档
质ЦһЩ˵úЩϰ䣬˵ò竡潻գǧҪѧһªϰʱСĸ׳㡣
质ͼæҡͷȻⷢôӣǻø׳ģĺˡ
˵һ̾Ϣ˵ǸͱΪʲôͲȥμͻ磬ǰͷ
质Ƕ䱳мֲ²⣬ǰĵܵܣҲûж˵ǸĸѡֻǵʱˣֱףòμӰɡ
质͵شԴá
˵գҿ˿СʵҲиѡǲ֪ĸ֪ôСͱ㿪ʼ˼ҹŮ᲻ҡ
ĸͽľ־û궺Ū߸ؽʱʱʶһ£۵죬ǽĸס
质ܿǸССѾͷ졣
ĸ׿ܲ㣬ᴷ㡣
˻
̸һĸ˳˻ϡ
һ棬˱㿪ʼд
ѩú˪ýƯѩ˪
ԵĶԵģ˵Ķԣ
ͶҲٷ磬ʡ
ԵĶԵģѩ˵Ķԣ
ؽ¶գգ۾ԶԶԣԣ
ĸǵĻûסֱЦЩˣ׼ϳ͸ȥֹ֣һҪעãû
ϴͻСֱӺ˱ȵڶˣҲ֪˿ͺһӵӡ
质ӣæ֣˲ˣĸͷĺˣȫעҵ󡣡
ǵþͺá
Ϊ踮ȥ˱Ƚ϶࣬踮ܹɳ
ĸؽһ˪ѩһ质质һ
ǰŹ·ϣﱧؽ˵
ʱѾؽû˵ĻѾ˵ˣȻʱӿӰͰͣȴҲȲ߸˵öࡣ
һ𻨸⣬ŪϲͣұĵСѾͷ˵һ㹫ĸɲ˰ڻûеԽʱ򡣡
质˫аĴ۾˷ֱܵĸߣҪҪ
ĸҲԱҲȰ˵ӴĸؽӴܽУܽСڽﻹΪʱ硣
质СԴɵ˵ԺҳԲĸ⡢⡢档
ʲô
СѾͷɵش˵𰸡
˵꣬ϥǣ·ڰο
һЩЦãĸȴЦֱο˰ˣؽСأԺ֪˾ͺˡ
ȴо¶Щף룬Ҳüˡ
ֲ䷳ؽ̵ȴֱȵʻŹûĿڡ
￴ŽͷǮֻУؽ۵̾һ
ŷһ˽Źһ质质˷ֿ
Ź֮ǰҲǸողһӣں׳ӣҲָò࣬вסؾٰεͻ磬øڳ׵׵һ
ﱻȥŹʱͷĶԱ֮ǰμӰʱϸ˲١
Ź񣬴󣬲ſºЦĻָÿ죬оҲûãıϸһЩ

173 Ů
ʱŮΪ, ŮϸǺܵŮӻĵĿ佱
Ź⻰á
Ŵ, ޣ˵ô֮ǰ˵Ҳÿ
չЦΪ˵һʵ
ŹЦһۣһתͷ, ǮֻеСѾͷæȥ֣ӴСԹԣɰ뻵, 쵽ﻳ
ؽСһæſ̶̵ֻС첲, е
ŹЦüۡ

Ź߽ؽбߵؽ, С, ֱծ־һһ, ɤһһ, ÿûңҿҲһ, Ӧ˰
˼Ǽ佫, ֻ˾һˣ̲ס¶Ц⡣
ȻŹҲ֪СӵƤĸԴ, ̾ϢһҲԼ, Ҳȥû, ÿʱ, ֻбҵĽСԹԣˬ
ؽھŹУԹգգ۾ͷ˿ԼСȭͷȭͷſգСζ£ؽԡ
ĹԱߣ㵽Ը⣬һȥ˯
ۼŹѾ·ؽؽԽԽԶǮֺһСѾͷ̧Ÿϡ
￴СǱҴŵȥɡ
ʱŮףеرȽޣļҵĹ򣬲Żᵽǵˣ۲졣
򣬲Żǰشϼ仰
ʵͻ磬ȥ׳ӡٴӺ󣬱ѩμӹΡ
ֻǵʱѩҲѯʵ˲࣬඼һʡ
ѩѾʮȷʵӦץһЩϾŮӼػޣԽ綨Խá
ÿһ׵Ĺĺ
ۿ˽ǵ˶УѩŶׯ˪ҼиˣüұҲչ
żŮɣ̬ɡ
ŹǰԺУμʫ깫ǣһʫġ
Ǽҳ˾֮⣬ʣµĶ佫ʶвϰͻϡ
Щ˫μм߶ܻÿġ
߶õϿɣǶܵõۡ
Ȼ质质һҡ
质ˣ伸һյ䳡ѵ˲֣质ڱͷֵʱУ质ѧʫ
ʱѾˣźĻ԰Ѿˣһȥ
ҲãžŹһʮĵǱĵΪ⣬ʫףһϸ¡
á

ǴʫĽڣȽ˻԰ϰǸʲôʲɣѱ
һЦһ³˹ģһЦһαװǻƣ质质м䣬ż䣬ҲദǢ
ܽ󣬿ǰȺЩɺ
ߵĺѿģ̣ʲô䣬ܻһʵĹףҲȢϱ
ܽ죬ԼѾ²ۡ
䷢꣬ʮҪΪѡһõģҲлŸܵõǴ󱦵룬ҲûŸ˵ס
뵽˵˵䡣
ǰضûãֱӱƹ˷ʱеĻ嶼С
ֱ֮λǴѲȴǳƹսбȥƣֱû硣
»ʵǻ˵ûвȴҲ㲻Ϻ
ɫ粻٣ǲɢһӵļ檣ԺмĿԾɲ٣Լ淨
ÿտĸ׶Ÿе񷢳Ȼ
ӸΪָ֧õǴŲ˲١
ʣµЩЩҪ޳ȥʮλãҪʮλֵһʷּӣҪǲÿ챻ڵ˺ۡҪ˵ļҽҩϾһд벻
⾩м˾֪Ǹܹס檺ŮĸףƢرãֶθ˵ãǸѪԵǸһһҶǻĴܲľԴ
΢˽һ˼ңὫŮӡ
Ȼʮ壬ȴҪĸ׳μʵͻ硣
Խ࣬Խûġ
κѸڵҲ̾һ
Ȱ޷ֻܵ뿪һЩͷһλù
ܽ³һǿԴףҲԣΪһϸңʹǶ˵ģǰҲǹʵġ
ǲ뻨԰ڻ԰ɢͻ
ŹеĻټϡƷ֣ټϷ˶иˣ԰еĲúţ¡
ʱڣǰٻŵĺʱ򣬴оɫ
԰м䣬һСϪǾصطԸ˴ӸĻˮỨ԰мλã԰һΪ
пǿڻ԰ͻڻ԰ϲˣ
վϪˮߣ໥˵Ҳü
ٲУСϪ֮ϻ׺ʯţӴĹ﹫ǻܵϽ
˵ŹѾΪЩŮǣ涼ǵˡ
κܽһڻ԰ȦСϪȥ
͸ˮվһǾޱԺСϪơ
оÿμͻ磬ĹǶͬһͻܽЩ͸֦϶ƣζ˶٣ֵһǾŹģĹǼܲм֮ǰûмġ
κüļĪͻСճھǽȦ
κΪҵĵӣʮ塣
֮ԻδףΪ֮ǰæŶλĻ£ۼ׮ȫٳ꣬ĸײɳһѾң˼κȳμͻ硣
ۼĸģǺ޲һ¶£ϽѹȢţٰһһ㡣
κʵҲеġ
ţ˳̵ܽĿСϪ԰ƣѲһȦĿէȻס
ΣͷܽЦû뵽۹ⲻλȷʵ
ƯҪʳڣһϢţζƳ
ܽһ£ɵĸǸŶǣҸղǺ񿴵һˣֻǰҼʱš꣬ټȻ񳤴ˣӦʮһʮţ
κȲؿһۣ֪ӦԼŪˣЩεǼ⣺˵ı㲻һˡ
˵գĿλͣ˰ΣŵС˵䣬СϪˮ԰һۣͷС뿪
̲ܽĶԾúܣôôĹ
κԵõҡҡеӣȥĸݰˣͻһαһεģ⹦򣬻ȥڡ
ѸоȤˣܽҲЩ˼ǱǱߣǱߺˮܲͨķʽֻּʫУٵһ֪
κ룬Ҳȴ޲ɣܱվͻǿ
һߣ质Ϳ质Ҫȥμʲôʲӵˮšüëᡣ
֣קס磬㿴ҲѾŸˣȥǱߣҼ˹ȥ
质оЩ꣺ͰǸˣԸϰ䡣
Ǹ׼һյĿԸһ鷿ŶԸ
质͵ͷԶԶԣˡȥһˮȥӺͶԽǡ
ΪȫԷֿߡ
Ҫչʾܵõ
质
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ͻǻ, ӣҪѰʵĹһλʵĹӡ
ȻĽ, ȴһĲ̫˳
ʵ, ǳ
㱻ʾԭ, ˫ȫѧʲССͣϱŹ
ԭе׾һӦޣҲֻ踮ӣΪѯʵļҹݾǺܸߡ
ֻҲͰˣݲ, ֻҪпɾС
ȻЩ˲ǱηηƷԱŮǱƢԾЩŰĵŮҲѧǷﵽ˳ĲŮҪֻƷЩ, ǳ
͸Ǿ͸ˡ
, 뺷, ɤŴ
һ, οһҲ֪͸Ϊλô⡣
һ̸ͨоվЩ, һ̧ͷ, ͼԶվһλ˷ķˣˣķơ
ҲĿ˹ȥ
һ֧֧ŻǶĹǣˮ, ̸ʫģеһͶһٻŵĺþ
ʱѩ뼸һ뿪ʫ̸۶飬Ϫߣ빫Ǳһˮ
˪ѵЩãͶĶУ뼸λһͶ
ǵã˪ͶˮƽʱѩӮҲ͵Ц£ƿĿ⣬ЩѰңʵĹҡ
ò˵滹ǺмλʡֹԸ񶼲ĹֻҲ޵ȥǵĸ̽˵ӵݺ󣬶ܾرȽί
质质ֻΪ踮ӣһ֮踮ּңŮǼ޹ȥ޿ܵ
룬ǼҲദȽϺ˼ңҲ֪ж̱ӡôġ
ϸʱ¹Ƕ߼ޣǶȢϰףҲʾ⡣
ϾܱеǼңҵλ͡
ü̾Ϣ䣬
̧ͷЩط֣Ƿע⵽λׯˡ
һԷ¶ºЦ⣺λˣ
ׯ˾ֹ󷽣Ѿߺ˹ʯϣЦţ飬κ
ףжξ衣
κ˹ºͣüʣҲüչʷǱλɫȹĹɱǷ˼ҵλŮ
۽ͷȷʵҼҵĴŮ
˵ţȴٴ̾Ϣ
ûԸȢԣѩƷԭ鲻Ӧ˵Ĺ￴κˣ³ɡ
֮һ뽻̸κϵЦ⵭ˣûñǡ

Ǳ߻ÿĵѩһᵽĸ뽫Լ޳ȥּ޲ǳ
ĲֻЩҪ̫ϺȰˡ
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ͻɢû죬ӵͼǱż
˵ǱǨҲǣսܼ档
ϲȴ겻֪ǲһ׮꣬½
ڽӵǱߵżûãλʫżҲˡ
Աһְʱ֮ǰھеһλ䶯ԭλӵɵĳӣܶ඼أӦģص֮ǰδվӵĹԱ򱻵˾ǡ
ǡãšʫ˵ķңǳӻսǰûվӣǾҵҵıɣټǱ˷ⷬĺûԵ
꣬ӵõϢ֮һ
֮ûãұ˾ǡ
ȵҰٺú󣬲踮ݷòɺĸվԼҸٰۡһʫᡣ
ܹλдȢĺӣټϻλ뾩ȦӵѣھٰһʫΪ˴ھǵ罻ȦҲӦá
Ϊδоٰľ飬ﻹȥŹݷù֮뼸λһ𣬽ⳡʫһزٳ־ٰ
踮ʫģȲ֮ǰŹٰǴͻģΪʱƷԱģҲС
֪æЩʲôЦ͸Ҳžˣʱ֮ǰĴǸңܲæ
üһ縸
ûҿҲţЩҲܸóе
ЦнϱƸͬ˵ģϹ˵
۵׵ĻЦŽ뻳Уⲻǿ
Ҳֻ⺰һѾ߽⼸÷Ѹλү͹ȥһɫĽƳۣô
佫ѶƲ죺ôÿҲµʱ̫ÿڳСϱСĿⶼźһ
˵뾩֮ǰŻԺٽ˵ľĹ;ȶò毺ãרһͶͱҲټ
޵ĺɫϵΪϲϳɵѻɫŽס˭㳤һŻˮ
ҲûзɼǶôûΣС
Ử࣬ЦҵĻ
Ծһ£ǰŮӣƣ
ȴѾ֣ϵΣԣ֡
۾û֡
գĶǳߣޡ
Ѿڣ޶ݣֽ̧ԴĿԣæţ档
̧ͷɫھϲδж೤ʱ䣬䴽˳ƿӣ㡣
Դȷûʲôɸĵģ·һԣæţȥ͸
ʵЩʢҸϵСдһ
뿪޷ǰĿɨС鷿㱼˼ܾ֮ǰĹ룬ĿԹεϹһĨζ
ҹķէů
ԺС鷿У϶Ůþò
Ʒжξ˸нҪٰʫᣬϢھŮȦ𽥴￪
λ˾ٰʫĿģǵķǶ֪
踮ӺŮȻӦ˷ЩǣһھȦе¶棬ܿ
ϴ质ȥѾţѾתӼѧΪ
϶质˵ߵϰ·ӣղԭ׼ıְλȥ߹ĥһ
ŮѩʫĲһ˶޹
Ҫǣ踮еλӾ䣬ֻԭѾ壬踮ֻӣ·ֲٲƲĲʲô
κ˸ϣκĸ׵תΪ⣺ΪԭһãһˣҪкνҪ
κȴֲͬ⣺úõһӣͻȻһյһڻС֪
Ƚ浽ʱúӻԹ㣬ֵһӲϡƾʲô̳ȥǱˣοࣿ
ǹ˵Ҳ踮ϾĸңԵϵܶûŮ׽֮һСѣ踮ҲһΪæ
Ҷ㣬ȫԸһõġ
κüšԺλŮٻӰٴһζ
˵⣬׶ѩֻһ֮Եδ̫飬ҲΪĸײϣֻ̾Ϣһʹա
ֻ֮ǰھŹˮʱõʫģҲ֪ܽΪ̽λʫĹû
ȵ踮ʫٿʱκֵܽһŸ硣
ڸ֮ǰκ˶ٿûĹûУΪˡ
κȶԴ˲ɩӶĸѡģɩǽźദͻ֪󷽣ɼĸ׵۹Ⲣ
лҪ˵лͶ׵Сʹּӱ 1
лӪҺСʹ 1ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

ʫ

Ϊ, ʲСʹʱС
Ƕʱ䣬һȹʱ⡣ﵱʱ꣬Ӳ, ȴϲ鱾, ŬؽʣµļҰˡȻһְ
ĸʱοĸ, ոɥʱף΢ʱҪ¹⣬һһָͷĸ첹Ьࡣ
˵Сùõ뿪Ϊռλȡ˿ô, ʱһֱЦǺæµͣΪɢе˳ĸһص
ԣȻ˻ûбֳôʹ, ǽɼǺ˸ס
ۼųТصʡǣ»δ, ոĸ, ȴոĸ
ֻ֮ǰæµ, žҪΪݣһֱ޷ж
һֱ˵ʲô˼, ͹, ôҲѡ̫ϸҪô࣬ȴί
⼸, һֱȥ磬Ϊ˫˫ϰ񡢳Ϊţ⣬ģҲТѵþ۲ͻᣬΪѰѡ
Ȼ⽫СµŬûջ
˵ԣʴӻȡһöСɾµĺɫһžŴڲׯƵȹȡˣⷢҺ갵ܴǮģ㲻Ҫ
΢ӹ
һöͱµĿɰֵ˵ߣʤǶĺɫʯ͸һöشŵ֮ΧһСŵ׺׹һϸգ羫ɣ˼
ллܶܣҺϲ
Уϸϸ棬ͻȻʲô͵۶գգ̧ͷˣͼʺգ۶ЦһůĪЩޡ
㱼ǵãСʱլסǶʱ䣬ʱһɽҰˣ񵰣Ϊ˲ӣ
еʱҲ˵һ˵Щʵʵ롣
ȷ˵ϣСùܻؼң
ȷ˵ϣϾܿϾˣϵķ
ȷ˵ϣԼҲһöرƯӣ滹дŵʯɫر޺졢ر͸
ʱҲֻһ˵ֻżҹλأεǶʱʱŻһȴδ뵽Ǿһֱĵס
ӣľʱǸģϸڴ֧Ư
ʺ갼۽Щ죬æȰĪޣ޾ͲƯˡ
Ǻǣ˺ˣЦˡ
һЦ۽ǣο˵ģǡ
ʺЦټ˸УæתƻĸһεԺԣ֪ݼҵҲϰˡ˵ٹ죬ͼׯϾٰһͺ磬ǰȥ
ĸڶǵЩӦ̫꣬ͣǵѣ벻ȥԼͺá
ȴĸЦⲻӻ˵ʱЯеŮһдǾ㿴ܴһȥ𣿡
϶ͣ£ˣĿЩɡ
ĸȻϲش𣺡ȥȻǱǽһȥֻʱעЩҪ۸ȥ
һġæŵֻǲ֪ʱ᲻ŮֿͬһλҲͬȥ԰ʱһ𡣡
ҲŲ䣺ȥģЩнĴС㣬ʶλµҲǲ
ЩռҶ˽⡣
һˣټТ󲿷ֶϵΨһֱͨŵģǶ޳ʡʵ̫Զ
·չһЩӦá
ＸҪö룬ſڣǴȥɻϺȣ
ʵʵǣ᲻ǶˡϾһλδ׽㣬Žʡʶѵʱ򣬿϶һĻͷ
æƯʱĽǶأôϺȡ
갵ͷ㵱ǣһȥֵطҲء
ָȰһͨŵͷ
ĸЦλСŮгദģҲ¶Ц⣬ĵȻТˣҲܸóȥߣˣʱʹȡ㼸úúÿۡ
գ
ùźһһһԻ˷
ϴϣҲɻȥϢ
ȷڰӻȡλܸܵĺָḧŵ͸解ֽǰϸƣΣЦ⡣
ֻǣЦֻάһֻ䡣
ΪТԵʣѾûȥͼеδŮȦӡ
ʮ䣬ʡǵδŮȦУǻδ׵Ķëǣֻδ׵ġ
ӽģЩ΢Ļֺ̿͵Ĳȴֱܿѹȥ
ܺͶܵĺ֪ԣǵԼһζ
ױ̨һԱԼʱҪõΡ
㲻ܳҲܶ
ԣҵһܹü˼Ҽ޳ȥü˷ģڵĵ֮
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ҲΪɵĻռڸȫǰҵָ˸ȫ̡
ͷ۱ϾȹǰһŻקºɰߣ˻ƿڣȻᡣ
һæǰȡɰеԼǮֽʣµĸŻߡ
ЩԶȡߡ
û˵꣬ǱȻҴһ˳źʱ·ߣҴҵˡ
δ꣬Ӱޡ
Ǽƣͷ·ʲôˮһ㡣
䣺
Щ̧Լһַ£Ŀ
ûһºܾҩ˽λѾ뿪Źϣſۺá
ǰΪ⿪ش˿ڣû뵽һ죬Ҳܿ㴩Ůװģ㵽ôŪģôǱ
һϹķ㷴ҧһڣˣһ
˿ڶأºһΪϸĴһϸĶɣʱ䶯мɲҪ̫˿ѿˮɷ
һͨ߶˵꣬˿Ҳȫϣʱϰ.Ѿüټ
º֣һ̧ͷͿϵĲΪȻͱ˿Եܡ
죬Υҽְ˿ϣúӣΪ׷̼㽫СͷǲǺܿģ
俴ԱɫŨѪˮüңͷġ
׷ʱ֧һ⣬൱˳
һŮʽȹ
乴𴽽ǣβʲôܴʲôÿ

͹
Ҽң

һߣܽٲҩڵһߺµشϢţһֽٺ֮С
ỨڻЩģګګС㡣
ѾѸɼ򣺡עһЩ治Ҫ˿쳣
ͷӺҲ˲۽ǣͷ
򾲵ߵ̨ǰǳЦƿӣƿкӡ
ȥ·ϣ˲ֱ̰ӶߵĴ·±ɹ糺죬ҲûбԹһ
ɽߣС㣬ұϣмѪ
ͷ˳Լֿɣ˵մˣϵԸࡣ
ԺȥȸԻ·ȥĸס
ţҵҶСʱ;ϴã϶˷֡
˻ȥȥĸ󣬾ͼֿʼ׶Ի䡣ǵʱ뿿ϣ˫ؿŴĻԷ                        
лҪ˵лӪҺСʹ̡ye 20ƿ
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

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Ϊ, ʲСʹʱСּе£ٴοڣֱ׳˲٣һλƷԱ, ӦС
˵Ŀֱ׵䵽ҵĺɰϡ
俴⸱ծģ, ˳ǡ
ͷ۱Ͼȹ, ǰһŻקºɰߣ˻ƿڣȻᡣ
һæǰȡɰеԼǮֽʣµĸŻߡ
ЩԶȡߡ
û˵꣬ǱȻҴһ, ˳źʱ·ߣҴҵˡ
δ꣬Ӱޡ
Ǽƣͷ·ʲôˮһ㡣
䣺
Щ̧Լ, һַ, Ŀ
ûһ, ºܾҩ˽, λѾ뿪Źϣſۺá
ǰΪ⿪, ش˿, û뵽һ죬Ҳܿ㴩Ůװģ㵽ôŪģôǱ
, һϹķ㷴ҧһڣˣһ
˿ڶأºһΪϸĴһϸĶɣʱ䶯мɲҪ̫˿ѿˮɷ
һͨ߶˵꣬˿Ҳȫϣʱϰ.Ѿüټ
º֣һ̧ͷͿϵĲΪȻͱ˿Եܡ
죬Υҽְ˿ϣúӣΪ׷̼㽫СͷǲǺܿģ
俴ԱɫŨѪˮüңͷġ
׷ʱ֧һ⣬൱˳
һŮʽȹ
乴𴽽ǣβʲôܴʲôÿ

͹
Ҽң

һߣܽٲҩڵһߺµشϢţһֽٺ֮С
ỨڻЩģګګС㡣
ѾѸɼ򣺡עһЩ治Ҫ˿쳣
ͷӺҲ˲۽ǣͷ
򾲵ߵ̨ǰǳЦƿӣƿкӡ
ȥ·ϣ˲ֱ̰ӶߵĴ·±ɹ糺죬ҲûбԹһ
ɽߣС㣬ұϣмѪ
ͷ˳Լֿɣ˵մˣϵԸࡣ
ԺȥȸԻ·ȥĸס
ţҵҶСʱ;ϴã϶˷֡
˻ȥȥĸ󣬾ͼֿʼ׶Ի䡣ǵʱ뿿ϣ˫ؿŴĻԷ
֪ýŴѡûġ
ĸæñ飬ѯʣȹأ촩ơ
ｫеļҩƿӷϣЦһСĿ鿴ˣˣȥȡһξǡ
ĸ֣ҩ鶼ǵãȴԼѸˡҲգȣͻ¯ƵģҷԸһˣȥȡˡ
æֹɱǺѰĳŻᣬɱ׸Ҷˡ
ĸһ£ŮѵñҪŵԸһͨú󣬾Цӯӯɿͬˡ
һţԻصԷɸϾõ裬꼸ѹС㣬Ĳ˵һ
ҡͷҲ·˳֣ӦòǷǡȸȥ˳ϲׯҶһԭǼģҲͰˡ
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̫Զĸ߶ʱû죬ʱû˴֣ʱ涼šļȻõģȴġ                        
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Уһڶĸ
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