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˵С뽫Ԩû˲֪ġ
ʮϸ꺢ͯᵽС뽫ӣüͷ
Ű裬ѧĺܰ

İ
ϳ˿һӴ˻֮ǰĴųɵĿ˿ڣȾ㲻ϲǸС뽫ɡ
ڶִӵĴȾδûϵȴҲûϣŪϳ΢΢üȾ㲻ϲӰɣ˵ôһֱûǵĹ
˻δش
ȻϳЩԼĺһ԰Ⱦ˽⣬ûϱǳˡ
ϳ̾Ĳ֪С뽫áǱʾ⡣ҲʾͬκҲ֪ԼҺһ϶˭˵ûá

ݱǩ ͢ ж ǰ 
ؼ֣ǣ  ǣ  
һ仰飺һң 




 1 

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ˣӦòþܼͲȥǸ䭳˼ЩۣҲûȥ˼ˡ
Ҫ˵Ļϳ˻ؾ֮䭲ûЦĻûʲô䣬
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û䭻ף̫ӱϷʵĿ˿ڡ

 3 


䭼̫ӡվ⣬δдȴӡ
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 4 


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վϳߵĴȾű۽䭣ɫ΢һ
ܾϳˣһ۴Ⱦһĵ˵ͷãȻС뽫ֿˣȥġ
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Ⱦŷϳ˵Ķϡ
ϳҲ֪ͬʱҲءֻա


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ź䭸ºԼҽЩԸ嵭ģ
˺ܼ򵥣Сˣһ࣬ġһҲû洫Ǹ
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Цһѿ˦ϣƣ㻹˼ԶǲǾ²ؼ߸߹𰡣\"
ûᾲĺֱһףϵ˿˲죬߲䵽Լĸϡ
ĸ״Σ
Σ֪֪ʱ䲻˰еҶأĿɲԣ
Խ˵Խߵĸֽת˿üͷ𣬵
˿û˿ѾٲˣѰˡҵʱ䡱
ĸû˵ʲôܴžһľϣЩҲθ˺öࣺʱ䣬ȥԣô䣬Ҷôܵˡ
˫Ŀĸ۵׵ɫǰסĸļ򰲸˵ĸ侲
ƽĸ۾䭵䭶ĲˣѾ5ˣմʦ˵ȥҶѲˣɡ
ĸ˵᲻סָӵĽˡ
䭲˲ĸ۽ǵᣬ˵ͷǿѵʦҲ˵һô
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˵⻰ʱĸĮĿ¡
ûڴǳԼ֣ĸû߰ɡ
˵Űӱϵһûһµ棬ĸĸһ񡣡
ĸҲûжͣŲſȥ
쵽ſڵʱĸŲ΢٣΢΢ͷһĺɰһ˸͹
ĸ߳ȥƮƮСߵĵİ۽÷˽ߡû˵
ƮƮĽŲЩʧ䭿Ŷ˹۽һŽһһš
ζڿɢվ˻֣ϵĶȥɡ
ǡ

 5 

͵ºȺˣǰ˴󴬣õǽһߵӭƮϹŸ紵Ķֱ졣ֺ
ĻӻһôĴҲ̫
ûƮƮ䣬䭽ӹ̫ʲô̫ǰɣ
ƮƮȻ
ֹ棬Ǳһ񰡣
Լҽһ飬ƮƮֻõ˵ͷ
ʱѹƮƮҧ촽ܻûпĻӺӵӰӣЩƵĿڵСǸĻӲ᲻˰ɣʱѾˡ
һûһµ۾ŲԶɮ붨һ㣬ٳû˵ 
֮ǰһһϣỺⲻ𣿡
ԶȾһ£ͷһӽͷ崺磬ɽѩһ߽ưдŶе治Ƿġ
ĻԶԶľͿǸνʮ˵ĵĴ󴬣̿ˮǿһЩɡ
Ļʶૡ
Ⱦ˵ͷʾͬδԾ
Ⱦ˵⽫ٺ»ǲʵЩడ
ĻǱ̾̾ˣ
ͼҵ׷񣬴뽫νǿսԺգΪԨսǻϵʹ;ͿԻӻˣ뽫ôһӡǳ谮˵ǮûǮ
ȾĻ䣬ĻһȻ
ĻӳĬ˰̣ҡҡͷǿϧˣϧˣ뽫ôսһˣôô竡
ȾΪȻðɡ
ĻŴһۣиֻ̡ǻã
߹ĻӺӣ䭸æǰЦ䭼Ļӣӡ
ϳ˻˻֣糣ɣ
ǡ˵΢ʱѹǵģĻӺӴ˲ء
ϳƳƳϵĴȾֹλӴ˵żٵȵȣһȿǵ˽ʱ
ôᣬС뽫ȻǰǾǡϳ˼һһЩ鵢С뽫¡
΢΢֣̿Сҡ
Ⱦ˵Żֿ̿һ㶼ûµ˼޵Ĺ˶ݵһĨЦֻת˲š
ĻӴϴһĶ
ϴ䭱ԸһЩµĸ㡣
ټ⿴㣬ʵȻֻǼӸ˴ףϳ˿ŴϵİڼԺɫΪС뽫ϲɫ
ȾٳĶɻƵĺĸ⣬ȴֻǿһۡջߡ
һС䭿ΪǻʼҶȽϽһһ飬һŸһ飬ǵߵǰڳݲ̫˵԰ɣûжġ
ȾָϻŸмٳûж
ϵϳ˿еĸһ𾪵Ŀˡ
ûѾȳˣġ
һӣȾĿǿ㣬һСߣõԼȴٳûзŽ
˦˦ְմϵĸм˦˵ϣ̧ͷŻûгԵĴȾüʼǽԹû
ҲĿŵ¶ֲɵ
ϳ˿ŴȾüͷվϵĸ㣺ϲʳ
ֱ㱻ߣȾŻָ糣
䭲Ϊĵ˵ͷصԼ
ˮлУһˮơ
˵κ˵˼񶼲⡣
Ϊ˷ֹΣ׼˸衣ʦ
ƮºϣööһοЩʱ䭿ɫѾҪˣЩ
˺ܾã䭻ǿ˿ڣĻڶٴôã˵
Ųϳ˱ӣһȻ˵ΪС뽫ͻȻ˴ֱʵκԭڴˡ
ϳüС뽫ŷȤ
ʵ䭣ЦЦϹ˵ҰֻԷȤǶ˼ĶȤҲ˵ٵķͦģ˳ͯפ֪ǼһĻӡ
ϳ˳һᣬڵȻڶٴ꣬δļʶഫڶֻǼŮӲŻ˵ǴŮУǼѾˣⷵҲûˡ\'
üͷ壬Ҫô˵Ѱ÷Ǳȵ컹ѡ
Ⱦ˼һӾ䭺ûڡ
С뽫ֻǼ˲֪áǲ֪ˡ\"
ϳ˵Ļ䣬ع䭣Ц;\"ǿԵⷵˣͯפǲˡŷ
Ļӵ˵ͷûǣ˵˾䭵ĸĹĺܣ˵䭵ĸ˱Ϊأ
ͬеκһ졣
䭵̶ȣǶˣһЩĻӺʹȾɫһЩŮӣ
ľºҪһ˵ķɡ
ȻȻ˻
վˣŮӾӶһЩ䭸ӣǶൽˣ𾪵ĵһСĲȵ˺洢ȾĽϣ
䭿ЬϵĺɫӡӣĻͷ˫ڵӣ
ڴȾ䭿ԼССӰӣľګСӴʵǶԲ𣬱Ǹ
˫ֱȭˣ
Ⱦǰ䭣ҡҡͷ¡
ŶúúáЩľګǰûȾʱ򣬿˲Ĵ˵
ϲ£߽ţòԳ֣˿˼롣࿡Ǹѵõӡ
䭿˵ĳֱ׶Ϊ
һȽϷǳˣϲһˡ
վǳٳٲ˼Ѿ֪Ʈȥ䭡Ⱦһ京С뽫ڲ´Щ˾Ҫˡ
ֱȾ䭲ŻЩʧ̬˼סҡڵ˴
Ⱦϳ˷ֱ´
˳ȺʱŮǣƲס۳
ӴˣǿΣ
ĻЦǺÿ
޸ǣ
˷䭶ˣôûĽŮأҲҲǮ
˷ѽ⡣
ҡӣߵȺŮм٩˺ˣ˺һ˺һ㣬ڵ·Ҫշѵģѿ
䭻䣬ʱóһ·
ĵ˵ͷɫҲˣҾ͸ظҸҸɡûʲôÿġ
ȺеŮӶӵܣ֮ԱǡСֹ
С뽫̫Ҫˡ
԰Ҳģ
˭ϹۿǸ竡
¡
ߣСүȢأƳƳ졣
ϳ˺ʹȾݴҲΣԾ˵һߣֻǷհˡ
ѾĶӣؼҳԷߵĲҲͿЩ
ͻȻӳһˣԼǰ
͵ջԼĲӣ˷Լؿڳһһ
ڵŮӻ̧ͷ۵ϲС

 6 

ǻƻ
ͻȻðһ䭾־źĻϸһŮӵЩϤĲǵˣ°ʵʶң
ޣûܲʶʷҼ㣿
䭵Ļ䣬ŮʧԱƬŴ۾䭣˵Сūо֮ 
֮Ĳ֪ʲôʱȥˣֱƮƮѵϾŮӣϵİ
ƮƮѣһӻȻָָ㰡
ūҡŮӿ䭼ǵ¶ϲá
䭵ҲǼλ֪﷼
Ůӵūҽ硣
Ŷĵ˵ͷʵʲô𣿡
ϵ˵СȻūĲ࣬Ҳ֪ˮ֮ӿȪ౨οǾ֮أū롭
û绰˵꣬㱻䭴ˣͣͣ
簡˵һ飬˳֣㱨ҿؼȥɡ
˵䭱̧Ҫߣ
ȴ뱻糶ס½ǡ
Сū뱨ΪūΪ澶ԣͨԣ󽫾ūҰɣūֻڽߡ
µŮӣϳǰߵȾߣС˵С޸ǳأôһƯҪ
Ⱦһ˵ϳˣĵ˵ͷ䣺㼵ʣ
ϳ˱µƿԡ
˺һſڵҼʲôҪʲôŮûУõ˼ʡ
ϳƳƳ죬һ´Ⱦ˸ڵĺܡ
û뵽һ죬һŮӶԼ
Żڵϵǰַ̧ʲôվ˵
绺۵׵İĽӵԣ
Сū˵ľ䶼ģūԸźһӡ
侲һᣬ䭿ڵ簡Ѿ˵ĲǷʲôҲǷʲôĲΪūΪ澣㻹дʱ⣬ҪúõܣҲĲҪʲôͨѾͷ
Ỻ
˵ʱ򣬴Ⱦһ˲˲
Сǲū澳΢ǡ
ǲǣǳġЩͷۡ
һίǽǾūҳĳ벻ۡԲŲϲūҵġ
ſǻҲۡ
ΧڱˣųӵĲ
С뽫һҲûУ
ɲ𣬻˼
ǲҪ
ǰǰ
Ŷ϶ĸˣܵߵڰװʲôʱ˵Щ
ĴЩ
Ҫǣôô۰˵˵ͨ
취һᣬͻȻһˡ
һվǰ磬ͻȻһ顣
簡֪ûһЩš
Ϊ˵Щ˵竵ĴţæҡͷūСһˣЩŶŵġ
һ䭻ҡҡͷ飺ЩĲ빼ôõһֻ׿ڳ˰ɣȻΥٳΥףǵ˵
ƮƮԽԽľСɡ
Ž˵ʵϲˡ
Щվȵ˺
ȺҲ𾪵ȺΪڨڨȻ˺
ϳ˶Ծĺϲ£졣
׿˵绹ǲţĽ
Ҳû뵽ûԼ˵ӣУʾ֭룬
ô˵棬ϵĻͷȾϳˡ
ϳ˲֪ΪΣֻ߲ҲŲһ̿ˮ
ߵ˴Ⱦǰûҿ۾һᣬ˸ǰСүϲǴȾֻҪһˣ˶վɡ
ǿ˴Ⱦĸ첲ܵĲС
ʵҲӴ˦ԼҲ˳̵
һĨɵЦߵˡ˫׵ӡЩ˵ûҶ࿴
ȾĿһ˿һĸ첲΢΢ۣζ
Ҳע⵽˵ߣæǰ˵˵㿴˰ɣ˵Ż˻δȾֱۡ
ҶĿһ޸öɵģصᲱϣ
ЩʵҲδھСȻԵ֣绹Ǻܸмյľ֮û
һůе¶飬Ƭֱǵɵģ˺ˣĸлˣ
˵ͷʧתȥˡ
ԶˣһŻΧŵȺ˵ɢ˰ɢ˰ɣûʲôÿģؼҰɣ
Ҷ֮ԱǵҲõ˵ʲôҲɢȥˡ
ԭֻʣƮƮϳˡʹȾˡ
ƮƮŻһˣָָû˵
䭻æİֳ˳ͣӡЩŵĿŴȾ
ȾҪ䭸߳һͷ࣬䭾;ԼҪϢˡ
æ˵ľ룬˺ܴһ񣺡ӴС֪ˡ
ûȴȾڣ
ϳǰһ𾪻˵Ķİͣ㡭ǡô°
䭿ѾҪʵĻæ͵ᣬᡣ
Ȼϳ˸Ͳš
Ҳ֪Ǻã̧һۺޱĴȾֻô˵ز
æȣɫˣҾȻظˡĻӻӴ˸پۣپۡ
˵꣬һƮƮĶˡ
ֱһϮʧϳ˲Żعһ
ʵʲô
ûȿڣȾûͣߵӸǰ,һԾϡɾ䡣
ڰ߶ʱС̫࿴ԼһæǰĻӣϳɡ
ϳûƵģֱֱӸ죺ȻعɣӸ
˵һһܵӸǰ
ҪݳߵСߣһס֣Ļӡ
ϳˡšһṦ˽ȥ
⡭СһΪѵͣסˡ
ֱ洫߰ɡС߲ż
ڵϳ˿űĿȾſڣû
ſڣû
ô
Ⱦ۾һϳˡ
ϳ˻ǿڵǸС뽫ļٵģ
ϳһϵʡ
Ⱦ˹ɵһأ
ⷴʿǰϳŲˣĿڵʲôʱ°㲻ҲŻؾûǽչô죿
ȾǱЦˣϳװĶǽҲ˵ҲŻؾá㻹пܣ
Ŷϳ˻ȻҲԣһҲ߼Թͺ˵С뽫Ƕ䣬ɵ˦˦ˡ
Ⱦһ˲ģʲôʱ˵Ҫ˦ˣ
ϳһ𾪣㡭㲻ǿǸ˰ɡ
Ⱦûشϳ˽߶߶겻㾹ȻáҴ۽磬þҲǶ䣬Ҳϲʲô㲻֪

 7 

Ⱦ΢΢üͳ ϲϲ㣿
ȾĻ䣬ϳһ֣ˣҧ촽дž棺 ҲŶסϿϲŮӣϲŮӡ
ϳһӣǶЦ˴Ⱦü΢ǺЦϳˡ
˿̣ϳ˲֪ԼԭǱˣˣЩһ۴Ⱦ㡭
˰֪˵ʲô
ֿ֮ڣȾ˵ʲôͼ𣿻᲻ʲôı\"
ţȾɫɫ䣬л̽Ѱ˻ͦ˼ġ
ڷưӿ»СЩȻڻû˸Ұôվվߣ̫ӺҲֻ㵱ҵˣٶǲġ
ϳЦһ֣ء
֪Ⱦĵ˵ͷ
ȾԼ֪䲻ȥվӣȨǺѲ
ôЩһֱ
ȨͲȤ˵Ҳã˵ϽҲãĲ뱻ס

Ⱦϳ˻ع󣬵ͣӸʱѾˣ
ɫ֣紵ɳɳֱ죬ϾҪ籩һ㡣
紵Ⱦ½ǣȴδȾ
ȼ˵ڷҡҡڰڣȾӭܼԻᡣ
ˣ·ڳԷΪӰ硣
ĸҲڣ
ǵӡ
Ⱦĵ˵ͷʱưôֹסһ㻩ĴŴء
˳ԷĴȾûȽݣ±ӭ˳ϹЦУȾ˿ó˶ϲĲˡ
Ⱦ˵ͷǻӦ
ﴢ̫λϣȾϲŶЦ⣺Ⱦ
ĸȾǰԼϴųֻգĸһ
Լӿĵĺϲ£Ĵ̫˰֣ްģްģ¡
֮ĴȾ˱ϵĴһ硣
ЦӦһá
վڱӣ۵ջأ˵Ⱦ԰ɣȳԡ
Ϻü¸̫еĲ˶ӵˣ
ѾȥôˣϷ˶̬ȴδı䴢̫̫˴뱲Ӿǲһĺ治֪ԼӵôϲһŮӡ
Ҫǵ˴Ů˸ͽӸš
͵͵˼۴̫̫ɫ˹ǣĳ˵ȾĻӻС뽫ȥκˣ\"
´΢Цһĸӡ
Ⱦû̧ͷӦһ
ȻȾЩ䵭»ǽ˵ȾոջؾӦóȥһ䣬仯ͦģ¿˺ܶС̣ȥתת
µĻ䣬Ⱦķ˿ӣ̧ͷòд룺ﻹǽҴȾɡ
¶Σɫְףʱָ糣ãҲˣȾȾĽҲǲá
³ڲ˽˵һţ˵۲ŴȾɫ˵ǸС뽫һ£ʲôϲӡ
Ⱦ֪Ҫ˵ʲôü˵С뽫ϲҵɡ
û뵽Ⱦᣬһó˳ļӣǰС뽫ãɲܺڹˡж˭ϲӰ¼ŮɲҪĵҲˣҪϲļҵǧȥףʱĸӶð
˵һУǶԴȾĹġ
ȾûڣϵĴ̫̫žһ°ѿˤϣˣԸҲͣȾѵģɣ
˵Ŵ̫̫һˡ
ԶĸȾĿڵﴢȾԺˣˡ
һԺĹ˹촽ڴڵĳкĺܡ
һε˵ʲôúõһٷ˵Щɨ㿴ĸɫ𣬳ĺܡ
²Ϊ⣬ŶҾ̫̫֪谮ӣȻߡ
˵˵ֲǼٵģʲô
ǲ⣬Լ׵ʲô
ĲҪȾܣֵܣĺΪѡ
Ļ䣬߳һ΢񣺡ǺЦֵ㵱ֵ㲻Ҫô˰ģһû֮λûһС
˹ִĸףƤӶҪ˵ˣλñͲҵģӱȾܵģҲҪҲ
⻰·˿ӣЩɸ֣㲻Ҫ˵㲻Ҫҵ̫̫Ϊ˭Ϊ˵֮λģǴҵĳƾʲôҪǸȾǲǵýһ硣
һȣ㲻ҪôִǼصĴңﲻ𣿡
ô˵ǸȾʲôԻ·ԼؿڣĻðɡЩվȡ
ǰס£˵£ǲؿƵĻˣӴˣӦ
֮󣬳һ㸸磬Ҳû˵ĸңΪһټǳ΢ӹģ֪ĸоôӸֺͣĸͿۡңһûĳͷ֮ˡ
ۿʪ£Ͽҵ˵ģڹͦõģҲ֪ϲݲֻôڻš
˴Ļļ򣺡ãҶڵľͺá˺˵£ϲʤգллס
ˣ첻ˣȥϢɡҪǰҹ屾
֪ˣסǶӸˡ
µ˵ͷԶĴ̱һ㣬΢΢Ĺ˹ָϵæǰкηԸ
վԡȥ˰ѽº£ԽԽãҵҪ߽ס

 8 

գ֮䭿žԼŨغȦͻȻִЧرõĻױƷҺ

䭿ͭǰȻӵ֬ˮۣǾù˵ǻǿġ⻨ݲûκμӹ
ƮƮʱһɫ¾ͭǰѵСѾ֪Ĵţ
Ų䭣ûлͷ˵һ䣺ˣ
ǰƮƮῪڵС֪ң
ĽŲˡ
ƮƮһϲĶǿˡֲմʦ˵š
һҲûбĿģû˯ãһҲ᲻
ƮƮԼҽ񲻺ã㣺СûϢã
ǰ䭱ߴ·˵ºѾ˰ɡ
ƮƮ䭴·һ٣˵ͷŵǣĺءҲ ˵Ǳ̬
䭽ӹӲΪȻһͲµˡ
δеأǣӴˡƮƮʵ˵
΢΢üЩ⣺ʲô
ƮƮܵԼҽϵѹʿˮ˵ӴͰͨĽ˵Ӵ֮ǰ߽඼װġ
ƮƮԽ˵䭵ɫ˼֣üͷûչ
ӵǻ뵽Ⱦ㣬û뵽һҹʱ侹Ȼ˾֪˵ôף
ȾúõôǣˣڿǸܵڵȾǾ͵ڵĻټ̫ǱߣǹһˣСǽȥϵĹˣҪزסȥܵظҲһٹ
ʹûҲͣģڳ¶СձȨǺܶ˵жд̣ͣͣҲñ˳˰
¿ǺʹȾùϵ
ȥӸ˵䭾ʹ󲽵ſȥ
ԵƮƮæЩģ緹ûôȥӸʵǲװ
ǰ䭸ûᡣ
ƮƮһ̾˷æȥ
峿㣬ˮˢĽͷӵ
ڳ๾ֱжӡ
һǹŴˣ˶һٱһεʱ򣬶ҲŽ
ܿӸͣ
һԾ£һ۳ƮƮŰɣȥȥͻء
Ӹһֵ͵ݻȴԶ
ɫĴִ̻ͥſڴʯʨӣӸҶŽڳҫ£Ժдɡ
ſڷֱվλͣ˵̬òС뽫ʲô𣿡
΢΢ü΢Ȼ֪˭ͺðˣǼӡͷͨһ
䭵Ļ䣬һǰ񣺡С뽫ȣСȥͨ
䭻˻ӡȥȥɡ
Ӹűһȣʯ·ȣյһǴȾķ䣬
ʱ򣬴Ⱦš
˱ȿ˿ڣӣС뽫ڸſڣ˵
Ⱦ˿ӣӲ˲Ŵ˳
ǡ
ſڵȺ䭣ȥֱŲ۵͸ϲ
С뽫ȥ
˵űǰ·
䭽Ӹ֪֮Ǳж찡֮дŹӡ
ǰļͣ˴֮棺ӣС뽫ˡ
վ䭣Ƭ̺Ͼʹ봢Ⱦɡ
ȾĴЩĵͳ
С뽫롣
䭣һӵ·ƿš
ӳİ裬͸žͬһ㣬
̴ľƻŷ㡣
䭰̿ˮϵĲһлϮ
ȾѾϵʳﹴȥߵ䭣һС뽫£\"
ϸϸȾд˿˿Ц⡣
ԣ䭲̧˴Ⱦһŷ֮ǰ߸ͷʱɢһϵţ޽ͷɢ䣬һ£һ㡣
䭽˿Ҳ֪Щʧ̬һĨЦҡӣ΢УкֺãȻӴ˵Ǹġ
ŶȾ΢
΢΢ͷɤӣ̧ͷڵӴѾ֪洫ķзɡ
䣬䭹۲ŴȾı顣
ȾָĦɳŲյ·ɫ΢΢̧üС뽫ӦǻûԹŰɣһ԰ɡ
ЩûˣڸոԼǲĶӷǿҵĿɲɾôȾȥ
εЦЦѵõãáģֲ䷹ģò
˵һȾҲһյ˵ͷʾͬ
ڴ˿̺ɲɣ䭵Ķһ
Ϊ
һطȥ
һЦӵ˶ϣС˵ҵġ
ȾɫͫȾЦ⣬΢Ȼ
վڲԶ˻Ȼ䭾͹ˣ˵ſ첽˴ȾߣûڴȾʾ£ϵĲȫȥ
䭺ǲ⣬˴Ⱦ죬ǿˣĪҷ󣬲ŵˡ
ɻ䭣Ⱦù䭻ûùĿӣǺǣС뽫ˣϵķѾˣó˼ˡ
Ȼ̣ĵ˺һڲƮζ
䭿ɫζѲȣס̿ˮһһĿӴȾ
ǿסˡ
п䭶ŵĽȾ̺õĿӵ˹ȥ
ùӣһڴмһڼ˿ǺóԣֳһǺóԣ򵥵̰׶Ŵ
Ӹĳǲһ㡣
䭴ڴڵĳšһҲûй˼ɱϵĴȾ
Ⱦû̧걧űۿųԷٶȿ䭣ɫá
䭳ųŲŷֱϴȾһڶûԣæ̧ͷڳݲʵӴôԣ
пǳŶ䭵Щģ
ȾӣѾԹˡ
䭲ûҭһľٶ䷹ġ
սپԵıķеĿӣֺһˮһ֣ޱȣӴˣҽģΪҵĸ˺öǲã˵Щƻʵ򲻵
Ⱦϣ˵ͷװĿڣʲôƻС뽫˵
Ĳ᲻֪ˣŪɣ
䭵д̽Ѱǿһ޹һĿһʱ䲻֪ǱɫסǵĿڣ ˵ӴˣϲѾܾã˵ǰΪ׶ǽС˵ʱͶֻ֣ǵʱҳϣλѾͨη谭

 9 

䭱˵߹۲ŴȾɫֱüͷ壬ס죬ӣϲŭ
һᣬȾζʵ˵Ҷأ
䭵ͷ
ŻؾȾβ
䭻ǵͷ
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䭾һʱ䲻Ҷ˫һӣͣĵͷĽͣˡ˿˱˵ˡ˵Ҫˡ
ȾٳûпڣŶ䭣Цת˲š
ͣͣһȣӴ˲ҪϣǶǺ˵ôܶʲô뷨ǾǳԱ˳ŵû¸ɣŴô׵Ķ
ʵ˵׻ŵпҲ˵ˡ΢ĵͷίĲˡ
ȾӦһ㡣
ȾĻ䣬۵һ˿æ̧ͷӴǿ
һ䭣Ⱦͳ˵ң
ٵģٵľԼٵġ䭸æϡ
䭻䣬ֻˣ̧ͷ΢΢üŶ
Ȼ֪ȾŶʲô˼䭻ǿĽ͵ǸɽҵȷФġ
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Ⱦðû˵Ϊûֽ͵Ļĺѣ
Ⱦһѹ˵С뽫ûж֮񱡣
ˡҾзǷ֮룬һִĺ֮顣ұ֤
˵䭺ӣһ֣ء
һȾûܾҲûͬ⡣С뽫ѾùˣҾͲˡ
ϻ⣺úãҾͲӴˣһҪˡ
˵䭾ˡ
ߵſʱŵˣ˵ˡ
䭵ƮƮæӣõСҲЦһ˰ɣǿظɡ
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ЩĵƮƮæ˵Сһɡ˵Ҫ³
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Ǻ«ζ䭣õĲˡ
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磬ǵùô׾ײǸ缸ˡ
ͷĿ䭵ķڱصţϻô࣬һῴƶ֣Ըսپøү
ǡ
չת䴦䭵ĶĶһ˶ǣҡӡ
Ȼ֮ڳˣź棬Ŀࡣ
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ߴߵһ书ᡣ
úôһŲš
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ֱ񫣬Ⱥ˲ɢȥԺ䭻𣬰ͷϵȥĲȥǵѪٳûж
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󣬶˶ǣһһ߻ؽ
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˿ѾѪˣƮƮ֣ûȥϺȥ򣬿ȥ
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Сû°ɣϽݣū澷
漴ˣ鷿
ǱˣϹҩ֮һߡ
ƮƮùµҩ࣬ĵ˵СϻûͿҩأҪҪū澸Ϳ
䭵΢УɫתŲɣãʲôʲô㲻֪𣿡
䭵ЩƮƮͷųųĿڵūֻǵĽϵˡ
ˣȥɣް
ǡ
䭱۾Ŀһᣬͳ΢˵ԽԽ
ÿҪȥ
ˣСҪȻȥɣ
˳ЦЦ
ҿǶңˣǺЦ˭۸ȥǾңǻĲͷ˰ɣ
ūǲңСҪϢɡ
ߣҿǵԽԽ˲ҷǰɡ
ſڵĳһ˽
ſڵǷȥɡ
˿ۣƣ⻹ࡣ
˽ʱָĦɳźҶĺɰûᡣ
ĸԱߵ£һ䭣ǿӲ黹ûã
δڡ
ЩҶܣôңôңȴ˵Ĳģôļһ
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̧ͷվĸ˹۾ڵķѾѰˣаʧȥң
㡭㣬ĸͲ˵ģŲ˵˵˵˵ôѰ㲻ģǰͲô
һ̧֮֡žһƴ䭵ϣ
ĸһƾò˦һơȴ뱻ڿнع˦ȥˣһ𣿡
Ѫ˿Ѫζڿǻɢ
ͷ˵ӣ䣺ܶ鲻Ǵġ
ĸһֻֽ߬ӣۿ֮˫ָ䭵ϡ
䭿˫õ֣ʶ֣Ƭͣסһһܵ˫ֵ¶ȡ
䭶۲ۣײãûƵסòã
ĸһ۵Ŀ䭣޲ǴԼϡ

 10 

һʱļҲ֪壬ѾԺüˣʱԽԽĲˣմʦҲ˵ʱڳ㣬Ҷĳɻˣ䭶ֻˡ
ĸ˵£ѡ
䭿ſ޵ôĵĸ䲻̣ȴδֳݣ߬еĺɰû˵
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Ź˵Щʱĸ涣۵ĴȰ
䭲֪ĻǼٵģû뻺ڵһҵҵİ취
Ȼ䭻䣬ĸҭС涼⣬Ҳˡǹģ֪ǸƵĺӣȥϲȵŹȥ
˵ĸתſȥ
䭿ĸıӰͷһеĺɰɫδ
֮Ź˵ǷΪġˡ
䭾Ķ˺ܾãֱȴҲûкһڡ

գΪ˵ҪȥϳƮƮԷź
ϴϣƮƮź䭴Ԩĳɫģ˿ߣ¡
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䭿ͭԼ촽ڣú֬һŪһԽԽá
ƮƮ⣺СҪȥٹٶЦȥ
üƮƮļЦһأȻõİ㻭ԽԽá
ŵʱѾкܶڴ˵Ⱥ
һһ̨׵Ҷɴ۾֪ӵȨֻҪǱ£Բõ䭣ôô£һһģ
䭲ûҵһЦֱߵ(ة) ߣкþòࡣ
һüͷЩɻ֪䭵ĺ«ʲôҩӸλô꣬ƵϻǺƣǰС뽫տҪϰ
䣬ĵ˵ͷе¡
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䭲ͷһ˹һ֪ˡһһЦĲá
֮ϣϵڽǱ֮ϣϵ֮ݺӡ
ᣬչ࣬һһ
վмλüȲ۵Ҳݺӣģ̬һҲһ㴹ͷսս 
ʱҪʱϵĴ󳼣ֹϻϸߣ λ±˳ɡ\"
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Ц뽫ĪǾةฮ˽
΢΢ü˼һᣬĵ˵ͷ϶ǡһƶơ
⻰˵һҲ棬Ŀ糺죬߬ȭͷ뽫⻰ǲ˵ɺԩ˵С뽫û֤Ǿݡ
˵Ķԣʲô鶼ǽ֤ݵģ䭻˻еĲƣ㿴ŲƲ˿˴ֱӦҲֻฮˣ
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֮򶨵Ľ͵ʹⲼฮģҲ˵ʲôǣҲпǱݺģฮͽĹϵ˱¶С̫ˡ
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ϵϸĿ˿ƣ˼һ뽫һƣǲܶ
ûһϵۻ࣬Ͼǽ򡣽ƾһҲûܾʲôˣ
Ƭ֮Щ˵ǣп֮ǰѷһЩ죬ֻӺͳһЦҲΪ̫˵ģֲѡ
䭻䣬ϵ۳ʵʲô죿
ر£ԼǰڽֵϷŮӣҪฮһʱߣ˳ͻ 
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ЩʵҶղû˻Щõⲻǡ
֮ϵĴҲСţ
㿴ɫûǿ¡
ǰǲ֪ߵغ񣬿ǲкùӳ

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᲻֪Ͼ֮ǰѺ䭵Ѿֵ÷з
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ϵ۸յ˵ͷ黺ȥȴ䭴ʱȴ˿ڣ£鳼ҲǷָ˵ɣЩ˵˱ãи뷨ñ֤ӹյ³çӵǸԺأǻǺֵܣΣ
ϵĿһ䭣ãȥѡ
ฮ˯أ´٣Щ²֪Ϊʲô飬æ·ŴٵĹȥ

 11 

ûнãڹĴ£СĽ˴ٹ٣װбϵϵۣѾЩ˽ŵݴ
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΢΢üתϵۣĿڵ£
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ҡҡͷվͲˡʾһƮƮ
ƮƮͳһӷϰС
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һֵϰƮƮǰϰģҪģֻһȥҩۡ
ϰ۾ǺƺƮƮ룬һһ㻺һԵƮƮȷϵƮƮ˵Ŀģ
ƮƮıɡ
Ǻ¥ϵİ䡣
ڽ·һＱģĺܣ˭֪үæ𣿹ǲǲҪ\"
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ŵСĿİͰ͵˵үǵΪ׼ľơ
һѶСеľƣ ѡһŹˡ
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Ѽ͵ȥƼƼ·ѩļڼףСʱүû㣬ûү
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һЦͷŮϵԵƼƼ硣
ڴʱһӿ˲ӡεѶӽʹУһ´´éȥ
֪ǳʲôΣÿλ㡣

 12 

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 14 

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ա͹˵Ƭ̼˾ûӰˡ

 15 

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Ѿ˵ҹɫů棬رĵĲ֪ԼҽûгԺãƽｫЩ죬ηʪʱڸȵĲУȡ

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 16 

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˸ˣ䭺һŴǸСϻվߵȾĸǰһЦӴôпչ
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񲻸ҷһĺŶã¹ٴˡ
ĵ˵ͷ˵Ȼ֪˾ͺãڸһĻᡣ
ĵ˵ͷá
СҪԺ룬㡣
Ϊѣô껹û˵Ǹܵ˵ڼִԸԴ֮ǰԼѾѵˡһٵĸǲٷ
С֮ǰҪ߸⻹ҪϺի¹ȥͱִ˸ѵˣ¹ٰɡ¹ʵǲˡ
˦˦ͷǱ㲻ˡ
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̲ĴȾֱȥıɱİسһҲԶҲǺܽҪȥĻǱؾ֮
ưܣԺ涼ӲݣԺлһڿݾݾһƬŻͦ
ݾҵֵʬ壬뿪̲֮ǰȾߣպۻֻһͷѪӦײ˼ӲĵطҲвͬĺۺָ࣬׷滹Ѫ˿ӦʱŪġ·嵫Ǳ˴ġ·ĿӲˡ
ⰸȻǳȥģûҵ˵һ㷢ҲûС
Ⱦ˼ʱϲ˴ţ
СߺʶȤûгվڱϡ
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ȾվڽѪζüͷվĽֿڳٳûж
С֪ԼϲɾֵطǲġæǰҪʲôСȥţ
Ⱦ۾йȭͷգ˺ôľģá
Ż䣬Ⱦһһ˽ȥ
С̯æк͹ţⲻϺõţ⡣
ӣ⣬óԵĺܡ
ҷɵĲӬȾǿŲҵ˴󸣵̯
ûڣȿ˿ڣҪ˵Ŵ̧⵶͵ȴȾ˵
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ϵĴ׳һȾһԹ󣬳˳󸣵æ͹⣬ֵ⼸ռг˱鲻£׳ǡ
Ⱦһ˫ɫͫ´һ׳
ϵȻд׳ȴ׳׳ģ˳ƫеģ
̲̽ģðǰ顣
ȾĻʹǰһ𣿡
Ⱦ˵ͷɷһ˵
󸣷ĵժϵЩ໹ѪΧȹ
Ⱦһ첽뿪һɾĵطȴ󸣡
󸣸˹췢˵һ顣
Ⱦš
Ҳ˵ǵڶϲŷøûл
󸣵ǵİˣŵʱ֪ܶҪĳж緹ȴһֱӰҲûˡĵҲ֪ô죬Ǵ׳æҵİ
֪ʲôʱĴ׳һıʹ
ǰˣҴСųģһ㣬Ҫϸ鰡ôԩ
ȾһţƬ̧̺ͷ˵ѾüĿˣ
Դϲ鲻ţ𣿴ˣ

ллллˡ
СһֱվԼߣߺʵüĿˣ
ȾζĿŴ׳Ŵ󸣵ıӰ˹֡
Сǰ
ȾСĸСߵĶԡ
õСȥ
صӸĴȾæһ·Ҳϴ˺öֱûô˲ա
ʱС߻
ԼǸӣȾƵİѾһȥ̲
뵽λүһΰ
Ҳҵ
ӴС뽫
Ⱦûлش𣺡ִ𣿡
ִ˽ûִֵˣЩɻû˵Ӵ˺ִʲô鰡
ͷȥһִˣ˵ˡ
һʱûзӦ񡰰һ
¹ȥ

 17 

ӵϢ糾;͸˹
Ϳſڵû񿪿ͼˣô£Ҫʲô
ϰ֮ˣ˳ĸߴ󣬲ӿŪģ˵Ѿ鵽˭ˣء
ߣܲʲôڶҰɣ
ģ˵ûȥ˰˰ǲ˲Ǻ𣿡
ͣɫѹȵĿϵ񣺡Ϊ䭿ѣ
һСС뽫û˵ôãɱˣ
ȻСĶҲģеȫˣ۾һ߳һߣðҵҪ˭
ʹ󲽵ǰߡ
ǰѾõĴȾû˽Ųᾫ
֮Ⱦǿȥ΢΢̧ü΢Ӵ΢찡
ƣȾǾĵ֮
ִ˿ñӺõȰȾû
˽һһߵȾߣӴĪһʱµˡȻӴѾץǾɡ
ԴȾ˹˵ð
ʱҲ˳ڿȾʱǰһҲЩ
üۺЦӴˡ
˹ȥ˵ɲǼȾĿЦЦ
䭿ŴȾŹ񹤾޵Ŀһʱ侹ЩʧӿǴ룬.ͦıƻб촽ʹЦҲ˴ע⡣
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󸣱֮󣬿䭻һļɱá
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ͷĵĸʲô
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ѺĴ׳ЩĪЩȸͲܿͨһ˵˵Ŀİģ󡭡 Сûɶ°Сûûɱ˲Сġ
ȾµĴ׳Ҳû˵ɱˣʲô
Դ׳ϳ˴Ⱦæ͵СûɱˣСľһģǽСһҲҰ
СʡȾ
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Щ׳¼æϣûУûɱˣŴ˿ȥʸǴСһ𳤴һҵġ 
˵Ŵ׳ץס˾ݵץס˴󸣵ҪôܻɱأǴСһ𳤴
ЩûֱӽӻǾĿŴ׳ͳһڸʲô
׳æĽ͵һֱڼҰ˯˵ڶҲҪȥ˯ˡ
׳Ҳ磬и磬ǰҲΪòûˣֻʣһˣ֤ݶûС
ȻѾʣ֮ǰҪȢãӦ㣬ҲƸ񣬿Ͳͬ⣬Ҳû취ǰƸҲ˻Ϊһ󶼲˵ĪĻ´˶֡
ûûûС׳п˵
С߿˿˽ʵ֮ǰף
׳ĵ˵ͷұû˼ˣǸ˵ҽ׾ϼˡҲŴӦҲϲòŴӦ˵Ƹһ
绹˵Ѿ֪ҵĺˣϲ¡
˵ʲôʱ˵Щ󸣷
Сһ۴󸣣ſ˴׳ʵ˵Ŀмٻ
Դ׳˰֣˾޼ٻ޼ٻ
ŹڵϵˣüĿࣺǾ˵ˡ
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ܿǰʹһСŮ
СŮųĹЩ涼Ǿ⡣
ҲʮСŮĿȾͰʲôϵ𣿡
ȾûлشʾһСߣ
С߻شִŮ֤ˣ֪˭ɱ
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СŮͯһָǾˡ
˳Ŀⶼ˴󸣡
Ŀ΢˫۳ҡͷңң˴СӵĻŲõģôɱǲɥĲ𣿡
Ⱦ˹ü˺⣺Ҳ֪ɥĲҿǲײĲɡ
ȾŴ˵껰Сߡ
Сߺܿͻ⡣
ʬѾʬߵָ淢ѪͲӦĹУʩߡ
С˵Щʱ򣬴鲻Ծסұߵֱۡ
СĺܣסץסٵĳȻһץۻûȫס
һҲٽƱֻóϡ
ҡһʱϲ޲顣
ָ˺ʹ׳׮£βҿ˵˺þãһС뽫ϣС뽫ѾȷľܾȻģ˵ʹ˽ҲҪһС뽫еĴӢһˣҿһȰұ˼ﲻšû뵽ȻԼ͵͵˳ȥһʱͷʧ֡
䭿ѾĴ󸣳һ˲ڵô뵽Ƶϣ
Դæ䭵ĽűߣС뽫һʱͿɱ֮ѾҵĲӣû뵽һ磬˽ģ˵ҰѪʲôĴɾֻҪ˵Ͳ鵽ҵġ
ӣüͷʵ˭
ץ䭵۸Ҫڣ̫ˡŻۡ
ͻȻ䣬ѪǺɫѪ˳
䭾ˣæȥ˵ıϢѾûϢ漴ǰ·֫ؿڴһƬ˲͹
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ж䭲̽
ڷǰһûһסҲǿУûκξεĻᡣ
Ӧ̲֮ǰѾжˣ¶Ӧ֪¶ƺʱ䡣
һôˡ֪ҪôȥҲֻաǻ䭵ס

 18 

ϡҹɫʴžסʱһЩϸ֯
䭳̲ſڣɫ̰Բ°ÿһʹҹľ¸ӵء
Ŀ䭼ֱĲҪҪվ˦ӣкЦתĴȾ
Ⱦǰײײļ⵫лӴ˴Ҳô͵ôɫ
䭱ҪȴȾ˲٣ǿǿײ䭸ûײ϶ײ˵ĸ첲ϡ΢еΡ
Ⱦűײĸ첲һ˫ɫӾĿ䭡û˵
εƿߣһͻȻ̾㿴Բ
һ֮̾䭸ӵΣסԼ
һطȥʱ򣬶ϼͻȻ˵ͳ
ǺԲ
䭸Ц˼Ӵ̫ˣһʱҵ֤١
ʵ䭱ȭ
˵ȾĬƬüͷṩ쵽ǸСŮˣĵطСڷСŮĺô˳ҵ֤ˡ
ȾĻ䣬ȱ°˼һ᣺ЩΡ
䭷ʱһᣬЩͷһͷûС
ͷۡ䭵˻ǱΪԼˣܶḡˮģӴ˵ǲǣ 

Ⱦ޵ĹһĨЦһ˲˲Ŀվûվ䭣üɫȾͣ
ʱԻ𰸡
Ųסĵͷ
ƮƮԼҽҪˣǱϲԵĲ˿ǸɵҲûеȵԼҽ
ʵǵģƮƮ̲ſڵʱ򿴼¹µˣһϮ£һϮ£˲֪˵ʲô
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ȾĻǿ̣䭱̧ܡ
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صԡšĶϲԵġһʱθڴЩԳˡһڲ󣬷˿ӡ
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䭿ϧĸû˵ǾĿšðβſڵˡȲ
䭵С૸塣
ɲ°ĸû˵ʲôԹԵ档
ĸ˺ܾãٳûеȴ˵Сˡ΢̧ŷ䭺Ƹû˵һ㡣
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ĸһͷߵſͣס˽Ų˵Ĳ䭶
䭾֪ӣһ֮󣬳֪ˡ
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ķӳ䭾Ŀ£䭾;һҲ΢͸ƵԵЩʵЩ翣ʱҪʧһ㡣
ƮƮʱǿ䭡
ƮƮ֪ÿηһͲĺܡԽŲ࣬СĵĿ
ƮƮ
ƮƮһߵ䭵ԣС
۽
ƮƮæȥȡ
һƮƮһС۽ݸ䭡
䭽˹ֱﶼźһ㡣
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䭿ƮƮڣ˯
ǡ˵ƮƮļյƣֻŴͷյһʱ氵˺ܶࡣ
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һѳ¿ٵĴãɫת˭
Ѿ˳ٳû
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Ṧ˷һĴûпһˡû̲ǰӬɲ䭵˶ϸѵģǶֲܲ֡

 19 

Ѱ˰ûץסӰ̽һڴϷһ֧ڡ
βһɫϸһϻһֽ䭰·
ƮƮԼСЩĵǰ˵׷ϣ
˵ϣĿⶢеķڿ˺þá
˼һ治֪ǳ˭֮֡Ԩڵ֮١Ԩõ
һ֮䭰еڷֽ̯һһ
ֽдţݵؽǼ˳֡
ݡ۾૵ݲ
ĪʦϢ
пܡһЩ
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ȴ֮ǰȱٽˡ
䭸еĹ
ΪǳûдǴһĺ¡ſڵһᣬ㱻˽ȥ뽫ȥɡ
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ڵϵԹԵһִӣǰ䭼¡
ðβϵϵ𣺡ɡ
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䭵Ҳûй˼ʲôڶ
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п뵽䭵ĸϵ̾һ뽫ΪԨսԨŹ̩񰲿ȴûлῴʢ
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һֱǲѧĲ䲻У˵һϵЩΪοҲǳˡ
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ûظһ飺΢˵΢ǵӴˡ
⾪׵ĻһվڱûѷڵϣΡΡĿ˿ڣ뽫ĪЦ!
΢˵ÿһֶġϵɢ֣ޱȣǼ˲ŶС
˻ƵĻһϵ۳ٳûпڡ¶ļ
һӽϵͣʹɫ䭲ûпǹﲻΪһԡ
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ϴβһС䭽ȥġ
С߰ͤ˽ǵͤϺõĹľͤϷ̽ǰ˽ǸʷϻžͼǵݻͤһʯʣӵĲҲǽ˿ľ
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ڣ䭾ûס˳ȥ
̫ˣ䭡ޡޡšüë²۵;ʲôҲ̫ˡ
˵һ̧ͷŷԼĲպܲ˴ȾӼ߰ߵģ
Ŵ˫ڵ۾æӦ
ӴҲǹģҸ
˵䭿첽ǰԼڴȾؿڴ˲˼֮־Ծ䭸Ҫ˿㱻ץסˡ
Ⱦе¶ȸż䭶Щˡ
̿ˮ΢΢ͷȾ΢΢ͷ
Ŀԣ٣֫ٺӿͷǹǡ
ļ˴˵ĺһʱձ΢
ͨ䭶ȷˣҲˣͦͦӣ˵ҾǸ㡭ôҸʲô
䭻ԽСͷҲĵʹš
Ⱦü΢䣬вЦһȡ
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ȾͷԼǲհ£ͬĵ˵ͷ
Ⱦͷ䭵ŶȽ²ۣղĲܹң̫ˡ

 20 

䭻ζǿζƲƲε
յ𣬴䭵īСİͷڶ˿ûע⵽Ⱦ۵׵͡
ֻаƴҪͬСһȦǾ¡۾ɽˮ峺͸ССıӣӣҰС죬Ҫü۴ĨӢԳжšһᱻϳŮӵġ
ȾЦ⣬û·ϵĲգͬɽڻĻѩһһĻů
ʱ䭱ɢͻȻֱЩᡣ۾ڴȾϴת
˼һᣬҲǲͣĴܡ֪ΪԴȾʲô˫۾ɲǾһ˲ǰ֮ǰڻʹ淢˵˳
һ߽һ߹۲Ŷ˵ɫر˵Լڻʹ󵨵ĴۺϵŭΡ
䭲ҿȾͷ˵Ż̧ϸϲŭͷбȾӰסһһڰ͸ŹܿϽӲӵë
˲֪ãõ䭶ҪѰ˴ȾŻڵڻʹұ⣿
Ⱦд繡漸ֽеر
ȾЦԴŶЩЦݡ
Цʱ΢üĿЦӢ˲١
Ȼϲĺÿ˵ҲܲסⰡΪԼģﻹͣĬӷ𲻿ɣӷ𲻿ɡɡ
һһĬΪûȴ֪Ⱦ
òô죬۾һ˵֪Ӵ˶ǿңһ֪֮ģ˵ӢǽһҲκηǷ֮롣
䭻䣬һһ˫գգ͵Ŀǰˡ
䭱㿴ǴȾǵͶŵĶ档
СĵӿǴĺÿζ˵εİĽңתˣǺüıдʡ
Ⱦ䣬Щæ֣ǲǣʲôıӴ˿ǧᣬҷ˵ÿһ仰ģް١ͬʱûԼĻǧⱨӦ
Ⱦųĵ˵ͷ һ˿ı顣
ζġüͷ֪ΪԼϵأƭűأ
ӿĿֹŲܰһԼֻ·˵ķݣô·
Ϊ˽һ䭻̽ԵĿʵӴĪҲʲôꣿ
ԣȾƤ΢һڲ衣ٳûлشĻ
䭶ʱĻſɱ˰ɲ˷۱ȾĻġһ
СȡϲŮӡҪС
ûû£粻סĿģϻװһʧ䣬˵һ㣬Լи̾ԼֱϷ츳
֪Ӵ˵˼üëסеЦֽ͵ӴҲصұҪȥһݣʱǲ߶ӵġ
˵ҪȥʱȾ̧üӣݣΣ
Ⱦ˵࣬Ѿϰһ˼𴽽ǣЩģ̽ʦмݡ
Ⱦһ᣺֮ǰȥݣ˱һɡ
ûȥ仰ʲô˼ʱѾվת֮˵ճſڻϡ
˵˾Զˡ
䭿ԶȥıӰ˵һ䡰᣿ʲôôһˣ
С߿ԼӴ˴ͤæӭȥˣСľѾ˾ƽˡ
Ⱦ˵ͷ
С߸Աߣոմҹ
˵ʲô𣿡
˵ûʲô飬ʱ򿴼пͱȥˡ
С߰˵꣬ע⵽ԼҴϵĲ۾һµɴ󣺡ôˣ
ȾЩ˳С߿Լ·ϵĲһʱ˵Ļһ·̫ˡ
СǲԼ˵ĻǰֻҪһ۹ĲУϲɾԼߵκõĿӶҪһһ̸ɾ
ô£Сߺɻ󡣵ҲҶʡ
Ⱦ·ȥ˴ԺӸսžԺϸ
Ⱦ߽˶һ˭ûпֱȿ˿ڣˡ
Ⱦͷ
ȥʱ򿴼ڵٱһʱҲ¡
絯ĺܺáȾĿڵ
ԴЦֱЦ˲ڿڣʱòЩˡ
˶վڴǰԺ滨
ոȥ㿴пͣλС뽫ʵ
Ⱦֵͷ
ԶԶĿһۣĺܿ
ԣȾ΢΢̧Լֳ𣿡
ǵ˵ȻЩڣǸоҲ봫еô衣
ֻǻڶѡ
ȾĻ䣬΢΢죬һۡԼҵܵܿ˭ 
оͱ˺һŴ봢ȾĶϡ
ȾȴδЩ𣿡
ǰɡҲ֪ȾӴòǫ͵ÿÿоУȴټϳʱ䲻ھ߶ûŮӣ˵ҲϣȾܿǿǵԼ£ˣĲ֪Σ
̾һջߣ˴ȾȾӲɲףС뽫ֻݽȥһ㣬Ѿ޷԰˶ɰ
ԴȾûС
ûУü
ûֻǾЩ˼ûġ
ζĿ˴ȾһۣƬ̵Ǿͺá
ȾԺڵİɫ滨ƮƮ׷£ĺ˲漴뵽ձȥݣ˵Ҫȥݣĸˡ
ݣȥʲô
ЩҪ
֪ȾзִҲûжʣãչ˺ԼĸģһԵġ
Ⱦˡ
ЦĴȾļ򣺡ʲôıá
䴢һᣬЩǸĿڵȾҴǸ
硣ȾҪڣ㱻ȸȥˣǰЩʱգС뽫鴫ķзһ˴ġ
ЩҲ֪飬Ҳû뵽Լ׻ԼֵĨڡ֪֮ĸȴõĴ𰸶ΪãһжΪԸá
鷢֮ÿÿǱն
ŴӣȾ˵磬ûµҲںЩνһ˴ǿô˵Լȥ˽⡣
ٳû˵ĿŴȾðҲû˵ʲôܾ˵˶ǽ顣
ֻǶ·Сġ
գոСߵ֪ԼҪȥݸæʰʲô׼ˣһ
Ⱦſڵʱ򣬽Ѿˡ
ĴȾӱ뿴ȴһ˸ȥӸǰĵȾ

 21 

Ⱦ˳ȥӳ
ܹ˱һңһϮ£ֳֽվǰȾ΢΢üҪȥﰡ
Ⱦ˶߻³֣ݡ
ڽϵ䭣´Ǹһҡҡͷǲʶ̾ⴢȾѾǶడһԱôôдء
ȾĻ䣬˵ͷŻؾҪߣ
Щʱ򣬴Ⱦɨ䭡һ˳߿̽ͷ߿䭡
ڼҪ˭ʱѺõİ˰֡ǼѾѵĺ
ҲһѺõ΢ЦתͷȾʵǣ
ԴȾĿڵС뽫䭡
һֻ֣ͷתͷЩ̾ǸС뽫
ȾЩû뵽ûعǵļ˵΢΢ü֪
˵ͷûٶ˵˳ڡԼҲ˳
ļ˱ϣжϵĽڴȾ߽͵ҲҪȥݣ顣
ȥʲôȾʵ
˰֮ǰɢݡ
Ļ䣬Ⱦһûʲô߰ɡ
СߵӦһǡ
Ӹǰĳˡ䭿˿ǰҲԸҲ߰ɡ
ݳһѵ书õĲˡ
ôһǰһ󣬲첻š
˳ǣСдвƣĸܵ˴ȻϢһһȾûпǸоŪƮƮΪԼҽҪæʵǲǶˣ׼õĵҪԵ㣿
û䭣ƮƮһʲˣеˡ
ƮƮֽŵܽظһȥ
䭽ӹڴڵĳţĲˡƮƮԼҽһˣеӵ˹ȥʵǺ·˭źӴ˺졣
䭲˲˵˵ǸӦþǾ׸̼֮Ӽ
˵Ŀ϶ƮƮ˵ͷʵôأ
ƮƮĻ䣬̧ϴĻӵĽӷʱȾϳ١
䭵Ļû˵㱻ƮƮסͣءķ
ƮƮŵɨһæֹҲֱӴ˺ĻӵҪɱͷˡ˵źñȻһĨĶ
䭱ס죬Щ˫Ŀ΢˲ϽƮƮ۵С֡
˰һʵģڴڵĴŴƽһ˵ƮƮҪıɱ䭸̾
ƮƮҲû뵽Լ˵Ĵ󵨣ձͨСЩҵҪ£ū֪ū
˳˳һѷƮƮҪ͹ҡ
ƮƮֱ˻ǡƮƮӦǲͣĶС´νĲֱĻӺӴ˵֡
䭱ĥ߶Щͷ֪ˣ֪ˡ
ƮƮԵ˵ͷ֮ǰԼҽлû˵㱻Լסͽ˵֮ǰҪ˵ʲô
ԺǵԼ֮ǰ˵ʲôЩɻһʱҲ벻Ҫ˵ʲôˣ
ƮƮǸƾӴ˵ĹϵҪþȷ
䭶˶񣺡ע⵽еǰѽ𣿡
ƮƮҡҡͷ
䭽ŵǰѽͨĽӦǼ洫罣
ƮƮŻȻھбֵ̻ǵ
һͷҲԽԽ䭷Ĳͣӣͣÿ͸ɴǷҲȵġΡ
ſͷӦˣ䭱סϢһ£ιʳ
ǰ滹нһס۾ŹһߺӴ˱Ϣһɡ
ڵ˶ȾͣСߣ̽ͷһ۲Զ䭰˰֣˺ܾõȻ
վԭص䭿Ŵкһ㶣漴Ҳİ˰֡
һ£ֵԶ߹˵ôһƬֱҪ̫
ҡڵ˹Աߡҽܵ¼
űֵһ֣صǲ֪Ϊʲô಻ļЦһһһᡣ
䭱˵߱ȭǳҪһ㡣
˱ǲвЦһЩ֮˳Ҳ
ϵ䭣ЦŵС뽫Ƿǳҵθڰ
üĿ̧ǹЦ⣬Ԩͷһ˶Լ˵̬ȣЩܳԡ
վԱߺܾõĴȾ̸ˣһע⡣
˹ȥһ۰µĴȾָָԼϵλĵӴ˿
ȾǵµĻҳ΢гٳûж
ϵļζĿŴȾһĿϷ
Щ⣬漴⵽Īһõ̫ˣ䭻һܣùһ֦˼ɢڵϣȻϵĻ˵ӴҸ˼֦ 
Ⱦɫ˿ûһ˿ʣЩɻĿһԱߵļ
һ۴Ⱦֿһ䭣ʵûסĴЦ
ЦŶӣŪƨǡǸ˼ĳʰ·磬
Ҳ̲סǿЦ⣬̧ͷһ˫ۣڵӳԼĶļ򡣲ֱӰֻòͷҲЦ
ȾӣͬްĿһϮ˫ַվϴŶе֮ЦĲγɶԱȡ
ܴȾϺĺæ漴Цǰϵ䭣䭿һɫѵĴȾֹסЦɤӣվߵ˴Ⱦļ򣬳ӴҴһЩҪù
˵ʱֻƮƮĴڴȾļ·ǼƾԼֵһ㡣
Ⱦ΢ӿһ۴Լϵ֣˿һۣȻԱ߳һ
һʱû֧ţûˤסʶĿ˴Ⱦ뷢ֲҷܿͻһЦԹԵ˵һǶˣ˵ųŲԶƮƮƮƮѴܽظӴù
ԱߵĴȾűѸٵ䭣ǲĹ𣬽һ˲ص˱ģ
ˡӦƮƮܿ˹
ڵµļǰ˿ǰ׻ĸһʳҲûУͳ⣿
һˮҲûУ⼸һֱ·ҵĶӶˡ˵żһ£ͻȻԶһСһӿкӣץ㡣Եġ
Ҳ˳˹ȥӦ͵ð
˵һļϡܵ˺ӱߡ
ûԥ˺ӣˮճӰҲεĻ졣
㣬ĵĿˣ㣡
ûҪºӣϵƮƮͻȻһС
ƮƮ䭲ŷӦһǸĿżĬĬİӷ

 22 

ʱƮƮǰ˵ҼСС庮²ˮġ
˵ͷŶһ
䭷ӺĬĬߵ˴Ⱦ߸͵ǰ²ˮֻˡ
վںӱߵˣĬű۹Լץ㣬Լֻпںȥ
û̫࣬ǶҪĵץûڹվںӱߵˡ
˴ʱЩվˣ˲ӣǶȾǶ󣬸ԱվıֱĴȾֱ״̬
վ棬ͷб ԽԽС䭴ӣסͷͷ ʵûڲ·Ҫˡ
䭵ϪˮϪһ㣬ǰĻ񣬵û̫ŮټͷɤЩЩƵġ
䭵ڴȾĶ
ȾŸ˵˵ ΢΢
˿·¨Ѿ㣬Ӧǳˣ𻰵˺ˣ
˵ż˹ˮҪʱͻȻһŴ˴ǣ֣
̧ Ӧ
䭲룬ɵˮԼ䭿ٷӦһѳ˱ϵĴȾԼǰ
ȾԶ㿪ȴֱվһҲûˮõԼϡ
˰۵𾪣ȻõˮûЩֻʪ½󣬿֪Լĺѵİ¿õģκεһʱЩڳԣ⡭Ⱦû°ɣ
ֻץŴȾֱ۴·̽ͷ˼۾
Ⱦҿû㣬ұǴֵġ
֪ΪԼ˵⻰Ⱦɫӵĳ
վڴȾ治֪Լոôȥǲ
˼һᣬ䭴һεĿʪ˴Ƭ½Щ޴룬̫صˡ
˰Ҳ֪ôȡվﲻҿ˵۾
ڲʱȾȿ˿ڴżϷŰС뽫²ǶԱ
ûûûôأæ͵пһֱǸߴһֱ˵Ļ
ϵļǸʰ·硣
ĴȾһˣô䭾е㸹أǹֵֹģɱĶǿȥɡ
䭵Ļ䣬Ⱦ΢΢ͷǰ˵ľСС뽫ϲ˵ѡ
üë΢̧۶ϴȾĿԻ֮żȾϵ̴ζζǳǳĺܺš
Цһ²Ӵ˵ʲôСȻǲ̫ãǴӲ˵ٻ
ŶȾζ䭵ķ⣬䭵ĸͷҪһ˵ƸǱѹƵġ
ѹȸʹӲͷƤʵӴ˲ţ
Ⱦ΢΢üûԥĵ˵ͷ˵ҿС뽫˵Ļʮа˾Ǽٵİɡ
ûûû
𣿡ȾͲ䭺˲ƣС뽫ǧҪ˵ 
ԭأϵϢͬǴڵһ㲻ԾĴһæƿѹ۵׵Ļ˵Ӵ˵·ʪأϽһɣ漴ԶĿļһڣһ𿾡
˵䭵һͷˡ
Ⱦ䭵ıӰ΢˫ۣһĨ޵Ц
֪ΪΣ䭺ʹȾһԷҲòݲݳ˼ڣ˵һ䣺ԣҳԱˡ˽
ԵĲֺļҲûʲôԵǽһ졣

ҹڵյ絽ؽ硣
֮ڵյݡ
ڼһֱǶŴȾģ˼ָ֮ԭģҲͨ˺αӹ
ڽ֮ÿӿֵĽЩɻҲ̫˰ɡ
ӿϽͷҲԽԽ࣬ﶼһӵװ棬һЩͷ⼦Ѽȵȡһȥ
ԼԼĻӵˡ¡
ǾۼԽԽࡣѾнˡ
Щ棬˳һʵǳʲô𣿴ȥ
סĴЩסҲ̫ѺãһһȼĴӡ
ȴֱ䭳˻Щŭôµʱ㸺𣿡˵űҪѿɲǰСӵ־ͦԼŸͲĶ̾һû˵㵽ҪʲôǾµԶ˳˵Ĵӡ
ˡǸ衣
ȺһԵĶɽȥײײȥȥȾͼߣһѳס䭵ֱ˵ָոʵʲô
ԣ䭵˵иʲôԶʦ˵ȤҪҲȥɽϿ
Ҳд⣺ð
һļϵĿ˱Ⱥüͷûչ˴ȾһҪȥô˵ĵطĬȻƬ̡Ǿܾˡ
ǾԵĲĿĲݣӴˣǾȥһ£ôȥӦõֵͦģ
˵䭿ĿŴȾ
䭳ıС˲ܾ̾Ⱦ˼Ƭ̣ЩɶҲ͵ǰȾǾȥӦܺ˼㿴лնԴɽ
Ļ䣬Ⱦӣ߰ɡ
ɽ֮б𺳵ӦǵİնˣΧסÿ涼װһӵĶ
Ϳôġֻͭ˶
̵ŪԽĺˣͣꡣҲǡֻ˴Ⱦվ㡣
䭺ͼ˾ţ֮һһǵǰȥ
ɨһȦ䭷վӦݵһЩ˼ŷ̻˵Ķúüʮļ̌ġ
ʱǼʱѵӵĴʹ䭺ͼס˶䣬˽ңֱԲ̨ĵһһͣơ
ܵ
漴һͰüĿɮ˱̨Ǹɮ˴źɮ˫ֺʮ΢΢
֮󣬰ոԶ³ɰسࡣ
ǳ羴֮ν˾̾
ллҶĵΣĶ˱ݷ˳ƽ˳졣
ò䭾֪˵Ļ˾Ӧ𾴵ԶɡԶģնĳ
ǸԶϻҲ˵ڴڵ㣬ȼ𡣰Ծİӷ˵ϣ˫ֺʮͷ˼
ҲЧŰգı۾öȥȥܡ
ȴûֻǾĿš
ǸԶֱȼһҲ۾
Ƭ֮˾ġ
һʱ䣬ݵĵؽϿն̻žĵ

 23 

⾭һ̱ʱѾҪԺվ˯ˣֱ˹
Բ̨ϵԶѾ۾ӦǷʽѾˡ
ݵİգ˵ıӶƽƽԴ
ԶɵĻ䣬Ƕߵл
һֱһʲôɰֻǿ֣һͷϵļûȥСģֻ䭡
ⳡʽʱѾˣһЩСɳŻվһ
һѾǰˣȥɸͼȥֻ÷վ
ûһᣬЩԸȥİձԶɸȰɽõĶҲ˻ȥ⵽Щ졣
ɢȥİգ䭺ͼȥҴȾҸطúõϢһ£ɸתͱԶʦסˣλʩ
䭺ͼһۣ漴תʦں˵𣿡
䭵ĻǸԶʦǰ˼λʩŲ˰
ûȿ˿ڣʦǺֵܼһֱϴⲻߵݵؽ磬ǿۡ
䭽ſ޵ǰʦլʺĻհ
Զɫݣλʩ ƶɮǾԼ΢֮ѡ
Ҳгʦֵ۳ͶٵҲûеÿϢɫѾˣøϽɽҵطסԵڼ
˵΢΢żתҪߣȴԶְ˽ס
λʩҪǲھ½Ϣ졣
ǲðɣתͣûԶڿ˵ЦȻʦʢֵܼҲþܾǾ߶Ŵʦˡ
ϵļǼʶС뽫˲ﰵ̾С뽫鴫͵ĲҪ
ڷɽҲʡǾлʦˡ
Ļ䣬ԶüĿ͵ЦЦλʩɡ
ллʦӦҪ˻ǴȾʦһ Ҵ绹ûи
˵תĴ ڲԶ˴ȾһӿӿڵûӴ˽гڱֹס߿㡣
ԶĴȾһ˹
ǸԶɣȾĵ˵ͷ
λʩߡ˵ԶǵסĵطλʩϢԺʳ
ллʦ
ԶߵԶ෢Ĳէóνͼ򵥵㣬Ӵ䭾ʧ˻һΣ
д̽ϼ˽ԼҺѵýָͷŶ
Ⱦü΢֮ͣ³һá֡
ĵ˵ͷ˵ֵּĽźҲֵͦģҪҾͽֻû˵㱻ϵĴȾĴˣҾͦõġ
һʱûзӦ
ǰŹͦõģôоôС
żȻ˶ûʲôҲûɵ˵ͷ
˵űһط˯ˣ̫ˣȻطˡ

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۾ʱѾˣϴϣ˷˱ϵҲͬ˯ѵļк簡֡
硣
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Զɺһڲ²յ̧俴䭣Цʩ
ʦСͺá
СʩɵСʩ˯Ŀɺã
ҲһûƷڵĺȽ˶ǣ˯ãöлʦ
СʩˣⶼӦõġλʩ춨Ե֡
΢΢һЦ̵ʦҴô
Զʦ΢΢̧üЦʩտҪĸߺܶడĸʰ·硣
䭲ͷһ´Ⱦ塣
Ⱦע⵽䭵΢ԴЦ⾹Щᣬ䭾Щˡ
ɨصСɳֵŰ˻
ɣ˻һЩҵķҪ
Сɳֵ£Զ֪ˡŶ˵ʩġȹȥ
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˵䭺ʹȾǱһȥˡ
ǰ˺ͼλڿԶɵʱҵ˾һ㡣
첽ǰԶɸǰſǻ˵ԶʦһҪҰȾҶ
ǰԶʦŮ
ǼλҲʵĵĿߣʦһҪǡ
ŹڵϵļλˣԶʦæ˻
ֶ֮λ˵˵
֪λǹʲô𣿡
Ϊ׵һĽʦǰҶˡ
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ҼҵĹҲ֪ȥˡء˵һ˱߿
Щ⣬Ӷ˲Ӧñ⼸λôԶʦ
λûб𣿡䭵
λ˵䭿˹˰ һֱûҵʵûбİ취˲ԶˣΨһϣǿԶܰǡ
ԣԶɵλ˻ǽ˵
λ˺һͬҡСɳֱ˲ˮ
һ¼λԶɵλ˿ɷ˵
ȿڵˣҼҺ֮ǰʧٵģһμԹ緹˵ҪԺһᣬƽʱ˿ߵģԼʹһûҲûֱ֣Ҳûˣˣ˵һûгѾѸϷĵ׳춼ûҵˡ
Ҳ֪ҶȥԲԵıůءһ뵽Լӻܿ˾ֹסĿ
űʹˣ˲һȦ뵽ԼһĸĸǲһоͻһǲԼΪڵС뽫ܶͲᷢ

 24 

䭲һԵΪܺܺõշԼ
Ǹ˵Ļ䣬䭱ʵȷûгȥ𣿡
˿˵صĵ˵ͷϵ˶صĲдȥĻһֵܷġ
ô˵ǺֻڼʧٵġǰѺ°ߣһ˹
˼
λ˷ֱ˵Լӵʧٹ̣ͬһЩʧĺӶʮһҵ̰͡
ԶЩЩΪѣλ˵Ŀ⣬أʧٵİǸõĴ˲ܲĵҲ֪λСүСС㱻ץȥ
ɫһʧȥѪɫ˲һѳסԶɵɮЩվȣԶȴ󱯾Ͱǰɣʵûбİ취ˡ
ſ޵۵ˣԶΪҲ˵þµڶɮڰȥһҿܲʲô
ԶʦĻ䣬Ӳ˲۽ǣм˵ллԶɡ
ɿɷ̽һʿҶڶõĶŮİ⾲µĿıˡ
һΪѵԶʦæ˵֪ǵ񣬵ǾȶУͰǰɡ˿ûзӦԶ˽˵ܾҶһҶ±һ𡣡
λҲ
ԶɾĬƬ̣λʵǱǸļޣһֻɿ̽һϴμѾˣ治ڿǼ¡
ǼλˣвʵԶһ˵Ҳھȥ
ɽ֮ǰԶʦǴӦɵӰæȥѰ
Ǽλɽ֮ЩʵԶɻ֮
ԶЦʦ״ĵģʦǰ˵ʵǴ˵һֻһβֻݰգ˲ԸղλŻᱻľܾˡ
˵˵ͷʾ⣺ԶҲ̫𣬡жһжн
Զ̧ϸһЩΪСʩôᾹ˵Ĵ󳹴Ŀۡ
û뵽ԼϹ˵ȻƨЩ죺Զɹǫˡ
䭻䣬ԶɿڵλʩԱȥǼӡ
Զæ⻰˵˵ĴȾ˵ġ
ԶԶ䭿˱ϵĴȾ°˵˵СʧǲЩΡ
ȾӦһ֮䭽ʵԶ۲ܿ̽ת𣿡
ȾŽüͷ䭣𣺡š
һ뷨ʲôԿ۵ʱ˵һ䣺ⶼƨֻɵӲš
һԶʦӦ˵ѡ
ǸյûյǼʶԶݰеĵλ񼶵ģҲǺټġ
䭻ûͨôµʱ򣬴ȾûеѾǰˡ
Ƭ֮󣬵˵ʱŷѾûæ׷ȥôʲô
ò׸ϵ䭱Թ
ԱߵĴȾһ䭵Ӧȶ̰ɡ
ǲûһѪôô࣬Ͳ׸λү˵˵ȴôôúĺš
ӲһĨЦ˵ǣôĸͲΪֵܡ
ⱾһԺڵĻϵ˾Ӧһ
ЩΡ
ϵĴȾĹ۽ǺЦ⣬ӲϦһЩ䡣
ȴȾ䭻ȥʱ򣬼ǰһȥˣոһȦҲûҵ
ȾûдԹԵĻԼķ䡣˵ķ䶼һԺӣмߵǴȾұߵǼ
Ⱦȥ֮Ҳ˽ȥֻʣ¼վԺ治ԡ
ʱҲȾǰŲ裬ĵӣ
ǸոյȥﰡʹִɰʵļƣγĬһ㶼ûпڡ
󿴿ֿһ⣺ǲ˵Ҳˣһʲôʱɽ
ԣ̧ǶŵĴȾӴأ
Ⱦ޳ָյһ»˵С뽫ݲǻС뽫ô˰ɡ
䭵ȻûȻҲϵЩʧٵĺǣЩĲǸùܵҪ뱩¶ݱҪӴ˻мûб飬ǱԶɴаɡ
˵ͷȾҲͬˡ
ĺӣǱɽµƮƮǻϰɡ
˵ͷǷڳԲ˵ˣҪȥ˯ġ
пܴǷǻᴫȾҲŴһĶŴȾ˵ȾҲеȥ˯һ
һһ˯˺ҹļҪǱһ
Ǳﲻסˣ򵥵һ·ȥסĵطéʵеԶ˴ҹҲ˲١
ǸéƫԱߣƫɮΧоĵطҹʱҲû棬ԼԼ˽Ų۾ҲЩ
ȻһһСɳӳ
СɳŶĵС͵ƲСĵŹ⡣ɫҴңһ·ΣʵЩ֡
ŹСɳҲ˲٣۾ſҪʲô
ǸСɳֽƫҲȥɲƫСɳתͻȻˣƾʧһ㡣
ΪԼ۾ˣĵӺϸ˿Ӱûҵ
ѲǸСɳֻݵҲûпܡ
Ǿֻһ˵˵ͨһ۾ˣӦø˯ԺԼѨûͨ񲻺òĻþ
Ҳûж룬ȥ˯ˡ

 25 

գõʱȾͼѾˡ
ڵĺ࿴䭽ţкֿԣȺء
䭵˵ͷߵǿŵĳȻаӣһڵҧһڣŽžԳζϸһӵڵġΪԼ۾ҧһڡǡ
ڵİӾĺóԣһȭͷôİһ࣬Ӷ
䭳ԱľȻЩˡǷû뻹û׼أһ̧۶˴Ⱦ˫ۣӲı˻ȥŪ۾һˮ
Ⱦ˵ʱϲľô۲ţڿ㣬־ûڿ㡣
̿ˮ̽Ŀڣôһֱʲô𣿡
Ⱦ𴽽ǻ³֣¡ 
Ŷ䭵˵ͷƿ߿˼
˼Ѿ֪Ʈȥüͷǰ˻޷Ӧ
ʹֻóе֣
ûӦ
֣
鼧ŷӦ㶵Ŀ䭣ʵֽң
䭵ǰʲôأŻع
˼һ£Ǿ֡
䭲⣺ʲô֣
һܷѾûʲôɮˣС˵ˡ
䭿żһװ˼ĴӣȻĲЦμ˰ɣյĹ
Ųŵ䭣ϵĿ˴Ⱦ
漴ȾĿڵš
̾һǣҹȥéһСɳֹĽƫҲ͸ȥɽƫ֮תϵӺǰʧˡ
Ļ䣬Ⱦ۾ƾʧˣ
ǰǰʧˣұΪǳֻˣӦòǣҹǸСɳɫҴҹģЩɡԽԽùļϹµ˵⾲²ʲôɾĶɡ
˵꼧ͻȻವģ˴ֱۡ
㲻ۻ˰ɣʵ
ϸ漴ҡҡͷᡣ
ҹȥʱûϸΪۻˣɽֻһôһǰʧ˲дġ
Ҫȥƫ
á
ûȵƫо
оԺƽͨҲǲ˴š߻˹رΪΪ
ƫͨҲ˽롣
ǵƫűСɳָ֪ûԶɵǲڵġ
ҲӲֻлллСʦѡ
ȥ
߳ûԶɵ𣺡λʩǶԷҲȤ
˻ͷ䭿Ų֪ʲôʱԶЦǰԶʦ˵жԾͨ͸ֵܼҲϰϰ
ԶЦȻСʩϾͽһ
ԣЦǾллˡ
ƫܴ󣬿ʮɮڣſڵ񣬷һһʯˢŽ۷ֱԡ
ǰţԶмճȻһʮſм
ǽ֮һʦùԶɵֱߡ˿Ҳģ
ԶǼǴȾ
Ҳű۾װϸϸĿȾһ
ûã͵͵۾ƵԶɵĺ󷽵ϣҲǸСɳƾʧĵطԱ߸ʲôҲûֱӾǽѹͶزˣһ˾ôʧô˵е㲻˼顣
˳˼ֱԶɵŻع
Сʩġ
ŶתߣŷԶɵ۾ûȻ֪Լûĵ
˼ҵĵҲ̧Σֻñ۾
ʱ䲻֪ǹ˶ãڱѵʱƫֻʣԶʦ
䭿žעԼ˫۾ЩεЦЦеûס˵ű㲻˼ǸĶԶ˵һ䣺˼ɴʦ
Զûй䭶ԷĲЦСʩǲġ
װЦʵʦ֪һˡ
ԶЦСʩı֪
䭲Լ⻰ôô˵Ļء
ԶɵĻ䣬һʣԶңҡ
Զ߿˹ȥЦʩҲһˣƻõñġ
̵Ѿ˵Ǹˡ
Զŷ鴮ӷ𣬼λʩѾˣûúõһ˱һЩˣλʩ롣
䭼ллԶɡԶˡ
λʩ
ᣬԶſڣǷֱϡ
ºԶɵ˲յ˵ڸտʼڼλʩʱ;Եǧң뼸λʩʶ춨
˵űһڲ衣
Զʦˡ
һٷԵһ㣬䭴û뵽һԼҪһаݰӡ
Թ֮ǻصסĵطҲ֮ǰ˵Ҫǵ飬˭ҲûᣬͬʱĬ
֮󣬼ȿ˿ڣǸƫͲܲ˵ӡ
ӵ°˼һ۲һǸҲûʲôͬƫǵʲôΣ
ȾӹģԶЩ֡Ⱦ˱ֱһ£ë΢ӢپµЩʵ
䭿һᣬջߣɫ治̥۾ȥ¡
ĵ˵ͷҾԶЩ֣˵֡
һͷҲûУ䭴ҹ̽⾲µƫʲôè塣
䭶Զһ˵Ҫ˯ûҪҹ̽ļƻ˵ȥ
ϡҹɫŨŨҹĻס䭵ļƻ˺ҹ
ֱ˳˷šṦһԾ˷
䭵Ṧʦ״ģνӰȥ١׷ǻ÷Щ
ɵƫķ ɨһûпˣһԾ軷һӰûţƿƫš±˷Ĺ
չŲͻȻһȭϮѸٷӦͷ
ս״̬䭿̽ȥץ֮˵ֱۣҲ֮˿ա
ת֮ʵһȭ˦˹ȥ¹⿴֮ˣǺˣ
һȭȫʵʵĴ˵Ŀڴ
û㣬üͷʵˣ
ᳶɴ¶޵΢ôҲû뵽ǴȾ۾˲ɴŲ죺Ӵô
Ⱦ˹ü΢̧ С뽫ô
ȻЦҾ˯žǺӴˡ䭱˵ߴ½ǣӴҲ˯ţ

 26 

䭻䣬ֻ˲ɫġһ
͡û뵽Լô˵˵ȻһʱûסЦ
˭ԶͻȻһɳֵһ¸ոսʱѾû˵İ
䭸תͷһûӦʱ򣬴һȣ屻ڻӺ档
ǸܵĵƵ¶ȣ˵һֻԼ䡣
ӵ̧ͷܿ˵򦣬Ըеĺᡣź
䭻
˰̣ƫűƿ䭵עתƵ˱𴦣ɫҲ
ŽɳһյС͵ƣɨһȦʲôҲûзֽ֣Ĵߡ
ŽŲԽԽ䭲Ծס˺ţ
ԽԽԽԽ
֪йʱ⴫һЩСɳת˳ȥƫš
ܳȥɳ֣ûڻ
ȷѾȫĴȾ䭵۾ǹ˿˿Ц⡣ϻĸܵ˶
˫ĺ֪Ϊ䭵ʱһƬհף¹һ˵ơ
Ⱦܵϵʪȣɫδ䵫۾ȴǴ𾪣ٵɿ֣һ˲һξ롣
Ҳû뵽Լô޳ܵΪԼԼЩûۿǰĴȾæóӵסԼ͵͵飬ע⵽Ⱦ΢Ķ⣬һʱҲ֪˭ĵӳӡ
СӴ˶ð㲻İɡ
һåӵ䭾ЦˣС뽫˲书ߣƤĹҲǸߡ
䭾֪һᱻѾ׼һĨЦӴ˲֪ĶȥˣԿ˲Ҫ̫档
Ⱦһαҭƿԡ
֮ĵС뽫Ȼͱӵ뵽һˣǸϽʲôɡ
˵ŴȾжˣĴ̽
ƳƳ죬ҲŴ̽
ʱһһĹȥ˺޷֣ƫĽ䶼˺ö鶼ûзһ˿
Խôʲô鲻Խǿɡ
໥һֱۣ̯̯ʾʲôҲûв鵽
ֲûңǰܷĵطѲ˱飬һ
˼ʱϰԵĶ
ն˲䣬һֻڴӴ˽ͷɹ䵽ɳʧϡ
ͷͷڣæȥ۲ֻڡڵɫ״ڽֻһģһΨһֻͬûֽ
Īʦʦһֱڰа
䭱ŰڰڣסڱʱͻȻָķ
۾Ǹϡ
Ⱦһ˴ϣûκε
ڽƨɵ·һԲʯ顣ȾŤͻȻǽȻˡһ֪ܵ
۾ɴ󣬶˴Ⱦһڣ໥һۡ
󲽵ĽǸܵ
˸սȥžԼϣ䭿ŽŽüͷܵʯСܿ˲С
һһ̨ףȥͿͷڱϵǽڴÿ߸̨״һյƵС͵ƣСֻյ̨ס
ʣ¼ڶߵСһƬ˲Ų̫㣬Ⱦ䭵ǰ·
̨ǽںưܣܴĻҳ˵֩ңĶһң
ԽԽ̨е߲Ľࡣ
еҹäôڵʯ׽ƾоߵģмûҪȿաѾ֪֮һﶷӴ˴ǰ˵
оСȾͣס䭣
Ⱦʱվĵط̨˵ƽֱŻƵС͵ƵĹĿϵëë޵ӾĿԼ
䭾Щ˼һȻһӣӴˣСʱ۾ˣһô谵Ĺ£ЩʵЩģӴܲҳ½ǰ
Ⱦ˫Ĵ۾ð죬俪ڵŰɡ
˵ߵݹһֻ֡
ֻǳ·ݹһֻʲôҪǣɡ
̿ˮּּ̧η£ûҴ˵ƣһĿڵðɣϾС˵Ůܲ׵䭵¸˻Դǵ˵ӴҾòףϾܲףΪʧͳ
˵߱ϰ䭣һģǶ˴Ⱦܲף
䭿߹ЦĴȾĵ˵ͷ
ȾͶСĿռڴ˻
С뽫²Ƕ˰ɣ㳶ҵӡ
ȾüҾЦ⣬ҲЦ⡣
˵Լ˱
źЦĴȾ䭲ʾӲҲ氡Ҫ˵ȥӴ˵Ҫѧˡ
Ⱦû˭ô˵ԼС뽫ǶԼʶĺȷ
һ˵ȾΪԼһñֵһ˿ôˣһλӴÿÿľ㱡
ҳӴͿԡ˵Щ³ĳ·һǡæߴٵȥɡ
˵˽˶졣
ԽԽᵽŨѪζ
ζԽԽѾ֪˶̨ףŽĿľ
µһ̨ס
ȾῪڵ102ס
䭻ͷǸոµʯ׸ͿǸš
һؽһ㡣
Щ䳱ʪ
ȾǰһһǰߣؽһȥûжûнҴء
طĴҳ˴Ƭ˼ŵѾ˱ɫʯ׿ڵյСС͵ƣɨһ£طӦѾˡһҲܴġ
Ա߻ѾѳĴҲѾģˡôĶѷ
ѪζǺأؽҲûУһʬҲûз֣ѪζǴӺζأ
Ŵ̱ǵѪζЩθʵЩ˵˳ڵǸ̨״
Աֱ۴ϷһյС͵ơ
šüëǿŷθ˵Ѫζ̫ŨˣôҲԴͷأ
ȾߵѵĽԱ߿һƫϵǽ
ˡһǽʵģǽһֱöһ
ֱõ״ǽһӡ
ȾЩӦһš
۾ȥһ²֪ǰʲôǰȥ
Ҽ䭰ֱߵĸС͵Ƹ˵ϡ
һʱ䣬¡һȾϵžôˡ
䭺òסԼ壬ͷһǸ򵽵ϵС͵Ʋŷ֣С͵Ƶǿʯһء
ǸؾС͵Ƶĺ棬䭾ôĸˡ

 27 

һûϹ䭵۾
ڳ˾̾ƻͨЩۣǽڴÿһǶһȭͷҹ顣һҪ43֮࣬߸Ѿ˿ȴûзҹ顣
˽ѪζҲԽԽءֻסĸŻͻȻһһȱȼ⴦ĵ֡
ʵ䭵ǰѺȲͨһӣһԻԻ롣ñ˲עֵĺ
űӣһӴˣ
ǰĴȾͷ۾ֵĽ
ЦĲãİӴ˵
Ⱦüͷɫѣ䣺С뽫Σ
Ⱦ䭰Ѹ·һ룬һϵԼıϣһҫ㿴Ӵͺöˡ
ȾеĲٳûнӹ䭰λҲԼ·ɣҪΪλүֱ˺Լ·ͺ˻õô鷳
˱ޣһҪҪ졣ҲʹС߶߶ţӴһǸѾźС²ֵģûҾͰͳɡ˵Žŷ˺ôŰǸϵڴȾıϡ
ϵ֣֮ƵȾǰһǺܷӴ˵
ǿЦϹܺãӢ
ȾüС뽫Ҳ˵űתǰȥ
ƳƳ첻Ϊ⣬˺档ȴͣ
·͵Ĳ·ôֱֱײȥ
ײ۵ñֻ֮У۾ǲԾˮ
һҧѹ˵ ӴкηԸ
Ⱦ֪ӦײˣοĻѾߣȥתȥ
죬ȾŴ䭵ĶϣҴѾź򡣡
ԭ䭸û봢Ⱦ˼ֻ⻰ôûͷûԡ
ԽߣԽʶ
ԭ֮ǰ۵Ļǹؼ֮ǰˣһһ׶ߵĵ¯¯Ϻõ죬¯ȼź ˡ͸⻹ܿһСѣһҩ
üͷ壬ᡣѪζô󡣡
ȾӦѪƵġ
ͬĵ˵ͷ
̱ǵѪζʹһЩҲڸǲˡ
뵽Сӵʧٰæ˵ƵĵҩЩʧٵС˵ͨˡ
Ⱦĵ˵ͷ
ԽԽֱޡ˵ĴҿЩǲǱ
һ˵˵¯Աߵľͷϣ
໥һϬģһһİǿǲҪһ߸ߵľͷѡ
Űţһ¶һǡ˰˳æһСк¶˳
Ǹкɫ࣬ͷңͷϻѪ̽̽ϢѾûˡ
䭶ŴȾ˵ˡ
Ⱦɫ߬ȭͷĿ¡
ȥ֮кؿڴƬѪ·ѾɢˣɫѾȾ˺ɫĿڴѪ۾Ķǡ
ҧѹŲ˲̵ĶԴһӡ
˫ĿǿûᣬһƴȥǸľͷѡ
ĸ߸
˺ǳ߸ӣʹ䭵ѾǵĳѪǲϵİǡ
ɢľͷѵʱȫ
䭴ֶڲЩӱ۵ȴĺ
еѪһۡ
һ߸С඼ʮһҡ
״ͬĿڱõ̵ʿֻһеʮ
̡ܲ
ڵҲվĺʵԶҪɱ
䭵Ļ䣬˽ŲϸһӦǺܶˡ
²ǰƬ֮Զɴڶӽ
Цλʩôǵİҿɲǿ˸еΪ
ԶȻЦţЦвŵ
Ǳ߻䣬ᡰߡһ̵ԶýһЩô£
Զ˳߿һЩӲΪ˵˱𴦣λʩԶƽɮ뼸λʩôǵļҽ̱ǿ̽˵˽
Զβ¶˱ɱ⡣
Ⱦ˹ǣͳ˽
Զɵ˽ǲɱ޹֮ĵҩⵤҩкãҪѪ
Ⱦѹȣɫ
ԶЦһ㣬Ц
ЦҵΪʲôҪǼ·ͣұȻ˵Ĳۻҵĺ£Ǿǻܻųȥ𣿡
ԶĻ˵
ʹ˶ֵԶ뱻󴳽ļסԶɡ
ǰҹϲƫʵű
߽ȥҲɺϡ
ƹɮǰԶɣ»ôĵطأﰡ
ǰļʵ
ԶͶļ˹ǣɫݵ˵ʩãʡڷȥˣǾһˡ
ԶǱһ㣬Ҳʶ̬ĲԣһĨЦԶ⻰ʲô˼
Զ̧üϼվԣ֪ʲô˼ˡ
˵һϮȥ
һߺһСġ
ֺֿݣæνһ¡Զȥ
Զͬʱ˽˳ƳȾߣм˵ԶǸʲôӶڲ֡
Զɿ䭼ˣŽ֮ˣдǻȥ𣿡
ü˵ЩͲˣ㻹ǹ˼һԼɣݵİ֪Ͽе£ʵϳһźġ㻹ܼǵ¸صԶ
ԶһӷֻҪ⾲µķɣɹİգɵøء
ԶЦſ񣺡
Ц֮漴ɱǡ
ɮڰΧסгŹһϡ
˱վ
֣Ҳ˦ӡ

 28 

ĹкҪء
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Ⱦ΢пǰȥһĨɾֱȡԶɺ䡣
Զܲɫġ
ɾƲģԶϢһͣ΢ʹлǰһӣڶǷɾûˡ
ԶأǿЦǲΪܴ߳ȥ̫ˡ
ͻȻ岻ʹļüͷһ忴Ⱦ˵ȻͻȻʹˡ
䣬һ´ɢϢ
ԶЦûʮɢɢ֮ڸ־ܵˡ
˵ԶָļסлƿȾܲὣֱ۴¡
䭿ЦļթԶСˡ
ԣԶ䭵ϣʼ磺ĺáһݵ졣
ԶƵⲽһῴ㻹ĳ
˵ԶһֵĶݣȴ
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ɢ䭻һᵥϥŻĹӣһûС
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˫Ŀ쿴һڸĶûеԶһȥֱûԣ
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֪ЩҩԼʦıֻòͣš
մʦԼͽһģһ취ҲûУ̺ӣε˵˺ˣҡˡ
˵մʦ˵͵һŵҩ˵û취
԰ɡܺõĿ㡣
ȾӹӿųԼü΢΢䣺ллմʦ
ջߣմʦó֮ǰֻ㼵ʦ㣬÷ѣҪǸҲҲܷЩʧٵĺӡ
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 29 

գЩʧӵķǷ׷׶˾£ǰǳĺеļԶ˺λ˼ҵĺӡ
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˵Сˡ

 30 

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һȥİϹЦҹĻ硣ò֡
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䭽ܵ˼ѶţЦЦô᲻أͳǼֵľ˾ͷĲˡ

 31 

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һɱ䭵ѾȾ˲ٵѪһϮµĴȾѾôδȾһѪ

 32 

Ǻһڿڳһʿһ㡣ӦѾܵļƻĿľҪݡ
ڴһֱǱСףΪ䵲һֱϵǵںѪͣ˳ֱ
С׵书һЩļⳡɱиɲó
Ѿ˵ļټҪСӦԵĺǳ䭼״ɱ߳ļ϶С˵֣һķС׹෴ķߡ
ԸЩĳСֲɡ
ûȼڿڡתȷɳٶ֮飬һɨļͬʱĨ
漴ӻ֣ṦһԾ֮ǰ˵õķȥ
ŷߵ䭣Ⱦսͣ׷ȥܺ󣬺ͷĿһ׷
˲䣬ȺɢȥС׵䭵İΣ׷ȥ
ȴ뼧Ѫ࣬ýǿǿţȴʹϾͨһϥ˵ϣڵϵ
С ת첽ס𣺡û°ɣ𣿡
СеĳƺЦ˵û²Ǻء
ɫ԰׶ͷð麹ߵ鷢ѾʪӲء
С׷ֱ۷ԼļԼϡ
ûµģסҴȥҴ򡣡
ʱļ־Ѿ̫ˡܵӦһ
Ǳ߱׷ɱ䭺ʹȾ̺ܵСϣĺ˽׷ᡣ
Ĵȥ֪Ǻδǰȥһ޼ʴ֣ԶǴֵСиӡ
˲ƣͣΪ׵ĺһӳûεǰ
Ⱦ˼ʶĵ䭵ĸǰͺǴ
ű໥
ʵǹѲڣһۡ䭿ٴͳһ˹ȥ˲ס˵ߣЩǺˡ䭳ûһѳסȾּȥ
ûɢȥΪ׵ĺֻ˱Ӱһʧڴ档
һǰϴ׷׷
Ϊ׵ĺ΢۾һֱۣϵƣдΣա֡
Ϊ׵ĺ˰ѵУ۵⣺׷ˣǽܻųɡ
ĺͬǡ
һ󿴺û׷̫ͣܵͣĴŴ߲ͣ濴ȥһʱɿ֡
ֱǻ̫ܵϢһƽ䭲̧Ⱦ˳˵߿յ֣ͻȻӿһٵ֡ڨЦһʱ鼱ðӴˡ
Ⱦɫ糣Ӧһ漴óһɫӣѷɾϵѪһһȥֱɾĿճ˵ӰӲ˽ǿȾѪ˵ϡ
䭿޳ָǺÿΪһŮ϶Ȳˡʹһ򵥵ĶôĹ
ȾһۣĴӣüĿ΢̧䵫ϴЩͣС뽫Ӻһ󷨡
Ⱦ˵ϸĿ˿ΧľЩһͨӣе
ĵ˵ͷɫЩأЩ֡
߿ȾһĴݡ
˳һһʱȻ߻ԭء·˱ǣֿǿȾѪӵʱͷ˴Ⱦѹصԭˡ
Ⱦͷ˼䭿˲ɾ߲ĹӰ͸ҶӢϣ˽ëŨܣ߸ߵıŴǡ䭴δôϸȥλӴˡ
ȾŶԼ䭣΢΢𴽽ʵÿ𣿡
صĵ˵ͷصÿ
Ⱦ۵Ц⣬д繣С뽫Ҳܺÿ
ȾЦ䭵Ķ
䭲Żعһ뵽ղ˵ʲôԼ⻰˵Ҳ̫ḡ˰ɡ
̧ʱڲؾȣֺõ˵ӢʵЩĽһŮӣһ޸Ӵˡ
Ⱦ΢΢̧ɫתֱֱĿ䭣д׵㺡
ȾٳûƿߣдŶܣ¶һϧı飺ϧûˡ˵ž仰ʱ䭿˱𴦡ӵֻ߳˺
ȾջߣһĨ޵ЦЩͱˣС֪û֣
Ⱦβ۽ǺЦһ˲˲䭡
ȾĻ䣬һĪԼһֱλӴתƣλ˶ԼһЩе뷨ǿǼ֡
ǺǺǡ䭼ЦӴǻ˵Ц
ȾĿһЦһ΢΢üԽԽɫС뽫Ҫסˡ

ʱһɽȼŻѣ
ڽ뼸״һĵ¯ɽʮ˿أĴǻɽܺ˻֪ط
ɫԽԽ⿴صԽĽҹĻҹ֮һʻ˹صʶ֮ͣæӡ漴һͷңһ¿òӱ˷
ص˹ĵӡ
ǺӦһ˶
ɽ˿ˣǰ΢΢񣺡ӡ
ɡӵ
˻𣿡βѹȡ
Ϊ׵ӣˡ
˵Ӹɡ
漴ڰ߳һˣ˾ǾµǸܳСɳ֡
СɳڿǸŶʱæЩʦѾɱˣھѾǸˡͻȻ뵽ʦæӶóһŵҩӣŵҩЩͯͯŮļѪġ
ҵ΢΢֣֮ǰΪӵСɳֵȡߵҩǵӡ
ҵӿ˿öҩɵĲ·Ͽ˸٣
Сɳִӣ·һ˸ٵڽ֮ǰ˸˦ˡһаȫ
СɳֵĻ䣬ҵĺӵ˵ͷɣЩȥҸط
СɳֿǺһƱ۾̰ãллӡ
ҵӦһ
СɳֽӹƱæ߽˻סһˣ򶴿ȥ
ʱҵӱȥ΢΢̧֡
Ƭ̣ǸСɳֵѪءȡСɳƱݸҵӣƱ
ҵӣûпһۻܵظȥɡ
ǡ
漴֮ǰǸ˳Ͽ촦ˣӵۡ
ǡ
ֱѾɾӣųᯣ˵ǲֻ˲ܱסܡ
а᯵ն˵ǡ
ҵӣĵ˵ͷ˲Զ׶ߵĵ¯ǰɵ¯ӹĵҩ˳

 33 

¯еڱյͨ죬ҵӰ֮ǰõͯͯŮļѪƵĵҩӽ˹棬漴óһѵ۾ûգһ³Լ첲ϻһֱǵѪνѲ⹴һĨЦ
סӵĴӣ΢ǡںĹΪۣѪ
ӣԼѪڵҩںĪ˷ܡҪɹϲá
᯿ֱϵˣЩǣӵֱϵ˴һ¡
ӣһԼֱۣǲҲǳ˿ڣνҡҡͷһΪ˴ҵСʲôް
ᯣ֪Լһݵˣбɱ˲գۣȴиϰ߱ǴӲԶɱˡ
Ŷҵӣŵ¯ǿ䱦һ㡣˺ðתָĦɳĴָϵָ俴ɫɢ֮
ȥ°ôˣʵ
ӣ˺ܶƱҪ˵ͷӡƶ˵
ߡһдѪǾͲûˡ
ʹŶסӴòеĺ˵

ɫճһ 䭿ɴתѣɵ۾΢΢Ĺʶѡ
ֱ̧ЩĲŷԼһɫ£һ֪ǴȾġ
·Ĵûп˵Ӱ
΢΢üһѾϨĻѡȥˣɽҰĲǱʲôҰ˰ɣ
֪ȥӿֳһ˿˿ĵĸˣ
䭵ЩĻ
ˣﰡ
䭺ûӦһ˿ǣټϲ֪ʲôԭƬľ£ԽԽأԽԽء
Ѿס䭵ߣͻȻʹЩһЩˣ˵𣿡
ٳûҲ˲ô࣬󵨵ֱֱӴ˵֣ȾȾȾ
żѰ˵һʱûע⵽·֪Ǳʲôһţʧصȥ
һ
ʶı۾ʱ䭶һ󾢷磬ǵ̴ζǡ漴˷סԼһԼ˶ײĻ
ܸܵǶԼֻֽԼϣڸոһת䭲ԾıסȾ
䭸ܵϵϢ˵ĺ໥͸ŨŨ˵沿
΢ͷ۽΢ĿԼһ˫ͫӳĳģ
䭽߬ŴȾϵ΢΢һʲôֻԼ
ȾǶѾ͸˵䭣΢΢䴽ͶţС뽫ôĵӣȻֱҵ֡
䭵ʶ£֮ڿ絶̰㾫޵ӣ΢΢ӣƵС˵Ҿǡһֱ鼱
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ЩҲ֪ǰ˵˼̧˫üۣɸɵʵӴЩװɡʵЩѿɣʾһ´Ⱦ
ȾǴЦ⣺С뽫ǰĽ𣿡
΢΢û뵽һ봢Ⱦ˵ֻиǴЩ𾪡
û䭷Ӧ΢΢˵ͷЦٴ𣺡ҲС뽫
ȾĻ䣬䭾ʲôĪλӴ˶Լ㺡
̿ˮƬ˵ĻԼԴε˵Ӵ˵Цҵûв֪ġӴ̧ˡ
䭲Ҷ˵ߣֻöŽ¡
˰̳ٳû˵΢΢̧ȾĿһһϣ³֣Ҿñɡڮ١
Ⱦ䭶ϴ𣬴û˶˵Ļһ۵һ漴š
̧ʱһƬϸ۽Ǵ΢졣
ӴҪô߳ȥطת˻Ĵһľᡣ
Ⱦɫתһ˲һһٵ˵ߡ
Ⱦǰں治Զĸţһʱԡ水մȾ·ߣǲһʱ˳
߳һӿˣ 
䭿ǰ˵ıӰ˼һǰô֪߳ģ
Ⱦ΢΢һۻˮ
Щ΢΢üˮ
Ⱦͷ˵ֻŻס
䭻ǲ⣺˶
Ⱦҡҡͷɫ
ǣ䭵
Ⱦתͷȥһã΢΢˵Ⱦָϵٲ
䭻ȻԭˣԼôûע⵽Ͼһٲ
ϸһͻȻһ뷨ɺĿλӴ˿ڵǲע⵽ٲ
Ⱦüû˵̧ˡ
ԭء
Ǳ߿ջڵļڴϽӹСеҩһȫˡ
ȿȿȡҩȵֹ̫סĿ
״Сæļĺʵû°ɡ
ȿȿȡûû¡ֹסȵļ˳˳ЩĲɵСװοûµİȾֻƽģõġ
ĻС۾Щ΢죺ô᲻ģôĺžҪС
пǹС׵һЩҲθһЩ
΢ƽһЩĿڵûסԲ𡣡
û£֪鲻á˵żˣϸ˹С׵ǰ˵Ե㶫Ѿһ춼ûгԶˡ
Сûнӹҡҡͷ
ɫȻСףĵġ
ð죬Сǿš
ǿջСС׿æ˵͹Ǹ֮ǰ˵λ͹ٻʱҪһ
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СǵĿ͹λ͹¥ء
С׹˲۵粻סĿԽСٵ¥
ڵļȥСףʧЦղС׵ǸȲȥıӰ۾һʱį

 34 

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ЦЦû£ˡ
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Ⱦ΢΢̧΢С׹
ʱˣЦҾ˵Ⱦֻûµġ
Ⱦע⵽˼ϵдŵǣˣ
ߵ˴ȾߣһĨЦûСˡ
˵żߵ䭵ߣ뵽֮ǰΪ˵ľкǸмƬʱлĻĺ˵ڣ֡
䭿ż֪Ҫ˵ʲô䴽Цֲض˵˵䭻˼ǵľԼҵֵܡ
һһֱûгԷˣǶˡԼɱĶ˵
䭵Ļ䣬ƮƮӳ˹ϲԵİ˱Ѽ˵֪׼İ˱Ѽһ
ζЦǵ˵ƮƮ˽ҡ
䭺ƮƮӣվԱߵС״ͷ
ӱϣ䭿ϰڵĶԵĲõĲˡ
Էʱ䭵ԱߣһǴȾСס
Ȼ˵ۣһֳֻԲܹЩѾ䭱߳ű߸в˲һἧĲ˾ͶѳСɽ
ҲһֱûжϹϲԵġ
ʱʱ͸䭼в˵ĺѣҡҡͷЦЦ
䭲֪ȾΪʲôһֱвˣǧٻһտʼܾһ˫ɫͫ˲ˡҪ˵ڵĻ̻ص˶档
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䣬Ⱦһ˲β𣿡
صĵ˵ͷһ뵽ӵ飬ɫ֣أȾҶЩĲС
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Ⱦ仰һ֪䭶ԴȾҪԡû˵ʲôЦŵá
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С׵Ļ£дЩĲ죺Ƕˣ
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䭴ͷݾΪѰǼ˿ȴһ񣬱Ե̬䭿ڵС׹˵Ǽķ
֪
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ڶǼ˶ѱǶٻȥ롣غҴ·볾¡
Ų˵ٻСףüͷ΢嵭ô֪
С֪ĻɣЦŵСǲ˵Ļ𣿡
ӾĿС˫ɾȪӣ漴ҡҡͷ
ЩʦҵģʦǰǶٻҵҽ
䭾š
֮ǰʦּ濴ⷵĲо˽һЩġС׵
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С׳˼һῪڵⷵ12Ķҩʮɣм䲻һ󡣡
Ƥ΢ƶС˫˵ľɫࣺС׹и֮롣

 35 

˼˰ſڡЩԼʵҲ֪ò˵
С׻ǵһμŵֵ䭡΢΢һЦСҵ顣˵޷
䭿ˬСף΢΢΢΢ͷƬ̡ǳٳûпڡ
С׵ĸӽСҪ䭰ͷͷܿ䭵򦣬ƤӨŮ˶Ľסٸǳ徫£ͦΣŶеɢ
С׵۾Ķ䭡
˳ϴ̵ҶЩ΢΢ı˻ƣ紵˵½ǡԶԶȥһ˾
ķ紵䭶ǵ鷢΢΢ͷ¶ԲСɵĶ䣬΢紵鷢һɫСС̥Ǿô
Сע⵽Ǹ̥۾ͬʱһЩʱĻ棬һʱʧЦֲ˵Ϥ
뵽ЩʱСǺЦ硣
䭾Ĭ˺ðüĿ̧ŶС˫ٷӻʵһһңһӣͲúٳȥҲûʱǾǱ˴˵飬һ𳤵ʮյ죬˵ȥɽʱѾֹ͵͵ܳȥҺ±ѵ;ܾˣɺʵǼܲסǻ͵͵ȥ˺ɽ
䭱˵䣺žĵʱһʧ㲻СĴɽϹҵʱ˲ҵȥ̫Сһű֮ҹȴһֱûѹ
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ϣС̧絶һĲĬƬ̣֪
С׵Ļ䣬΢΢ת һ˲˲ĿСף֣أ С׹ѰҪϧǰˡ
С᲻֪䭵˼ĵ˵ͷ 

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ƻ谵ܿӰ
һϮ΢΢׷һ·׷ǵһ⽼ӦǱˣ˾͸ˣ𷣡
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Ĳͣˡ
ҹѾ͸ˣ䭱ϵƮƮʣǿ֪ԼС˼ʱǲ˴ŵֻþߡ
ȼžֱ죬ƵĹ䭵ĲĽë΢һȵİӰ
˲֪ã̧ü漴չüͷ°ɡ
ǡ䣬ȥ
ųȥƮƮǰµ·ϡ
ϣƮƮ·Ľ⿪䭵ķ٣ʱһͷɫĳɢ
ɢĳžµĶ쵰Ƥ谵޶ˣ֮дԵֻԶ
ƮƮӣ˳䭵ͷͻȻͷЩɫдżСͷѾˡ
ʱ䭱۾Ŀдģ𣿡
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䭸ܵƮƮ쳣۾ȦƮƮʵôˣ
ƮƮӣЩĿǻŵϵͷССί
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ŴʱЦȤԼСƮƮһʱûƵס᲻
һӻ뵽˺ܶ飬ǺСʱͽ˽һֱ䭵ߣ˻СʱСźʱСһֱųֱദ˲ĽԼ
Ĳ֪ԭ⽫СʳСһŮһǵﲻǸʱ岻˷˻СƢ
󽫾ȥ󣬷˵ȫ˴ӵϣСŲʣȻżǼװһ£ʱǲǣСαװڰѺܶ鶼
һ뵽ôЩСһֱôһ֪ʲôʱŹ˵ƮƮǶߵͣ
䭲֪ôˣƮƮô궼ûп޹ôסЩ޴վǿţȻӱù֮ǰȻӲ˿˹ȥο˱ˣڿ۾ˡ
һοƮƮ߿ޱ˵С̫ˡҺ۰
ſ޵һһĻɤӺƮƮ֪ΪʲôرЦǼš

 36 

С꣬ʪ䭻ЩʹĶͷϰԵȽһƮƮ 
һ䭲ŷԼɤ˻һЩ˺ۡ
䭻һֱſںŵƮƮϴͭŽ˳ưеĶڵϣæŵЩСɲȾ
žͿ˸ղһ£㴵˽䭸ܵ˽˽ϵ·ɳƵ𣺡ƮƮҿеɡ
ƮƮôõСճʱ쳣ˣЩĵĶŵõˮ˹ȥСǲĲ
ˮ滺һЩҡҪͷ¡
Ȼ˵µ΢СƮƮһ䭵Ķͷһ¿ЩˡЩæ˵ôôȰūȥд򡣡
ҪתҪߵƮƮûһͱסֱۣЩˣûʲô¡
סƮƮСϵ糺컹Щ˵ūȥС㽪ˮ
䭺۾ĵ˵ͷ
ƮƮڽʱѾ˯ˣƮƮŵİѽϣ촲ɢᣣ߿䭣۵С˫գ˯ĺܲȶͷ麹ϵڴҲʪˡ
ԺĲ֪˯˶ã˺öǵƬΡ
һĻûʱӦǺСҲĸΪҪţܴ۵ƭ˵ȥһСѶĵطкܶСѿԾ档ǵǸ¶Ժ˺öСѡеηηĶĸ׵ץȹӲſ
ֱĸ˵һᣬԼȵڣֵȵҲû
ǹڣ֪Լ費ҪԼˣԼԭˡ
͵Ǹ¶ԺܼªԺôĺӣʱ򶼳Բֻųԡ
˯е渡˺ܶСʱͺǴӵĻ档ﱾӦ޸ĸĺıʱСĺӣôô۸ˣǱֵ͡䭴һһǴֻǵ䭵ȥԺЩӻǲͣ˲ųҲĺȥԼҪ׵ˡ
ߵƮƮĲ䭶ͷϺͲ麹ĻţС
ƮƮ¾С
ЩԼԼƮƮѲ˺þá
ƮƮץסԼСץ֣ĽŻѡ
ѡ
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סԼ΢ʹĿڣüͷðŻͷ˱ϵƮƮʵ˯˶ã
ƮƮСҡ
䭵˵ͷ
ƮƮɫЩ԰׵СϰĽˮĶ˹С˾ܺõˡ
뽪ϣɫǾܾƬ̾ƿߡ
ƮƮ֪Լҽ¿׼ӻͳ˰ʵʵ۽˹ȥЦ˵СֻҪ⽪ˣ۽ˡ
ƮƮͳ۽ʱ߱˹ȥɫһǲԾ
˼һᣬ̧̧ʾƮƮ뽪˹
һ룬ֿ˿ƮƮеűӣڴڵĺˡ
Ľ䭽üͷ
ڳ۽Ҳź
֮죬֮ܲǰСҲžĴŴӡ
´վ˴߿Ժֵ֦ѾҲ
䭱򿪴ӣƮƮǵ˵С⼸տɲҪ˺ҪŵʱҪ۵Ĳˡ
ƮƮĻ䣬ϸһ£⼸졣ջ֡
һϮɫ´䭵ϣһͷڷɢڼƽЩΡ
԰׵Ͼµ٣˲ƿ۾ƽʱװʾˣͷҲĸɾ䣬üëcƽֱŮҵüЩѡ
ͷЩص˴ߣƮƮĵСϢšҾͺá
һ
ƮƮű¥˼̨ױ˴ȾһûæӴˡ
ȾһһϮ£һģͶ䶼Ĺ
ȾӦһ
ȾЩ룬ۿƮƮһۡ
ƮƮȾϵֱƵˣƮƮƳһ̨˲ͷЦʵӴС𣿡
ȾӦһ̸ɾ
ƮƮȻҵλӴˣһ뵽ԼСŲ˵ͷûûһ˿ɣҼҽЩ˴ˡ
ƮƮĻ䣬ȾӾһ˲˲Ŀ
ƮƮ˫ĺһĨЦӲͷƤ͵ӦСЩ
Ⱦüͷ΢΢ͳЩá
ƮƮüĿȻкӴˣָ͵͵Ľ߬½̿ˮڵ˵ƮƮߵ˵ͷ
û򣿡
ƮƮҡҡͷ
ƮƮҡͷȾ˲䲪Ȼɫѵ֡
ƮƮǵһοŭӴˣƽʱֻȴǵЩ֪롣
ƮƮ֪ǺõʱͻȻƿæͷԼСһҪǲ԰׵ɫͿ
䭳ֵһ̣Ⱦ߾û뿪ͬʱҲע⵽ɫĲ԰׺ǿľ
ƮƮȥ֮󣬸û˯ ʱ˵ĶԻΪʹȾûʲô飬ƮƮ˵ԼϢ˾ߡû뵽ôô򷢣ʵû취ԼŴ·
ƮƮԼС˲
Ӵˣʲô𣿡ɢĿŴȾ
Ⱦûд𻰣µĴ䭣ûעʱ̽Ķͷ
վ䭱Ūһվֱ㶵Ŀˡ
˵ֱԼĶͷʶ㡣ǿһĶһֿٵĳסֱۡ
˴Ⱦ߬Լ첲 䭻ܸܵĵ¶ȡ
һʱʲôʱѶͷϵֳĶûע⡣
Ⱦջ˶ͷϵ֣Ҳɿ䭵ĸ첲ɫѣࡣ
䭻عʱ򣬴ߣڿȾĽ͵û¾еء
䭺ı飬Ⱦɫ䣺С뽫᲻֪Լ˰ɣ
ʵЩ䭣ҡҡӣӲ˵һûá
Ⱦ䭵飬Ҳûں˵ʲôǶűϵƮƮԸȥ򡣡
վƮƮ˵˭ԼСµľǿ򣬻ϲҩÿζע͵͵ĵԼҲšֻ˳С
мʹԼСΪʲôϲҩ
˵¿ࡣ

 37 

ҪȴȾվλø̨߳ף˵߲ƽ룬͵ǰĴȾ˼˰죬ЦſڵƮƮѾȥˣҾȻطˡ
˵ûȥȾתҪˣת̤һ̨ףͱ˳ס˸첲
ֱϸǱסĹʱǰѺ˴Ⱦڸֱϴ¶ȵƳƳ죬ЩεҲΣֻûЦתȥ΢΢̧ü˿ץԼ첲ֻתŵ˻£
䭵Ļ䣬Ⱦ˫˹𣺡С岻ʣӻһͬСط
Ⱦ˵һ£ֹҲ̫Լ˰ɡ
䭿һ˵һҲǿЦ΢΢̧۵ʱ¶Ϊѣ˻Ǳ˰ɣ˵䭷˶ͷ˸Ŀڣеˣǲдˡ
Ⱦһ΢΢㲻ùҡ
˯˯˲˴˵ۡ
Ҳ㡣
ڴȾĵطε̾һ֪޹ŷ۵ԹԵ˶¥
䭵ķ¥תĵڶ䡣
ǰŽ˷䣬Ⱦž͸˽յĴȾһǳǳģϵһСϸ߰仹һ֬ģ鵭ġ
䭽֮󣬾ֱ˺ľǰԼһ裬վû͵ߣͱ˶˹ȥ
䭿޳ڹǷָùոĲյߵһȻһ۵˵ġ
֪İﰡİɡ
䭵ˮȾȥЩҲ˵ʲôΪѹһѹһûһµš
һƬž˭Ҳû˵
Ⱦûһֱϵǽ⻹עľٶΪմЩȦҲġЩ
Ⱦһ۱ϵ䭣ߵߡ
䭲ͣղŻûôôôˣʶĳ˳ڡ
ȾӨ׵Ĳɫ΢
Ⱦվһ䭱оͷϵƬӰ΢΢ͷӣȾӺľһһ˸֪ʲô
ʱ䭵ֻڲ촦㶵ĿŴȾǴȾͷȥĿڵС²ǲ֪ԼڷȰɻӡ
۾źЩĴȾȴ벻ͨǲһķӡ
߻û䭿ڴȾ㴫ϣղС뽫˵𣿡
Ȿǳһڵ䭻ĴĵλԼôȥ˯
ڴȾһ˲˲עСֹţô˯
ȾǴͷѹһ
ȾͳЩ̽
̧Ц˵һҲ
䭵Ļ䴢Ⱦû˵ʲô˻ȥ
һʱ䶼ûڿڣ˼ž䭿ǺǵһĴȾҲŷ
䭲ЩЩͷ裬ǿ֧ͷǡ
ڹ˲ƮƮˡ
֮ƮƮ𣺡Ӵˡ
۵䭻Ӧɡ
ŽƮƮҩĴ
ϴӦ٣ͷһЩףһɫۺܸɾ򵥡
ҼƮƮʾǸҩԱߡ˵ڴ·һ졣
ƮƮڡ
Ⱦ¶һСڵ󣬺ϸĿֻҪһʹһ㡣Ⱦ޵´һխխģݵģҲССһʱ䴢Ⱦüͷʱ뷨Ӧһ㡣
ǱߵĴ֮˳дһҩ˵ʲô󰭾ЩϷѾҩ˯һĻ⡣
ƮƮҩ˼ۣĵ˵ͷ
Ǳ߷ӵ䭣һúҩɫһӾͲЩų˵˰ɣ˵ûʲôͲóҩ˰ɣ
ڴĿǸرϣ˵ԡеʱ첻Ը
ֻǸϴһ֣صҡҡͷǺ˺Ҫǲúúҩǲɵģҹӵܡ¡
Ѿ³ǸҪ˵ʲôһľһ۱ϵĴȾæӹҺȡҺȻ𣿡
䭣û˵ʲôֻмζҩǿҩȵʱԳԵġ
һҩʱ˶Ҫ˰ĸо
Ⱦһ΢΢˴ǣпԼûвԼЦˡ
ãߡƮƮǸ¥䭵ȥҩ
ͷû̧Ӧһ
֮ǰƮƮͷĶŴȾһ˵ӴһҼСһͻ
䭵ƵƮƮϿƮƮûпЩɻֲС˿ţ⻰˵Ҳ̫Īˡ
ƮƮ䭵Ļû˵ȥԱ˾Ȼһġһ
ȾĻһƮƮҩƿֻһӰ
ǣ䭶ƮƮıӰ˵
ûҪͣƮƮ䭰Ƶ˴Ⱦĵ˵ӴֲСӣͲңģź޷ӦȾ䭽˵ƮƮ̫ˣôأʵð
˵һѣŻ޶ԵĴȾǼʶ֮ǰӴ˵ʲôӵĮһ顣
Ⱦһſϵ䭵ĿڵҪΪС뽫ҩҪǶ£ƮƮҲѱ⡣
ſϵ΢΢̽ʵƮƮʲôʱ˵ģ
ӦðôûƮƮλ˵Լÿζ͵͵ҩ

 38 

һ뿪ݵʱѾպˣһؾκλӴ˰ϵģֱȫȬ˲̡
Ҳһ֮ãؾʱѾû֮ǰôȷǶһЩϰϰˬϵӸ⣬ֱ̫ˡ
紵䭶ǵ鷢ƮƮԼСǾްĲһʱ侹´ʱÿƮƮ˼ߵģЦŻƮƮ
ǱƮƮԼСԼֻ С˵ʲô
Ц⣺ʲôأô񣿡
ƮƮҡҡͷش𣺡ûʲôʵǲ˼˵ԼԼСһʱ޷԰Ρ
ƮƮĻ䣬ͻȻݳߺһ漴һ˻ͻȻͣ
ڱһӵסֻ֮Ӱ׹ס˵Ҫһ
Ļ䣬СױǰӵˮĴ۾Ŀ䭣Сһ
Ҹɻؾ䭻ûȿڣСһļҲ˹ĿڵҲҪһ
ֻܾõ˵ͷͬ⡣
䭵Ҳĸˣ֮ԵЩ
ƮƮ˳ȥһ档
䭺ɲ˵м䡣ԽȥСףʱʱһۡ
䭲ֻ֪ӺϵƤ¡
ʵ̫ڼңСףСϣЩѰ
ʱ۾˼С׵߻ʵҪһһλá
ЦȾüҿĵĵ˵ͷ漴˹ȥ
С׵Ŀһļδ
ȵʱһӱͣЪϢһ¡
̤΢΢̧ͷ㿴˲ԶһϮ±ֶĴȾ
䭻ߵ˴ȾߣѧģҲ˫ֽԶ
紵Ⱦ½ǣų䡣
С뽫Ⱦȿ˿ڡ
΢΢üĿڵ 
С뽫ؾ̵£Ⱦ䡣ʵ⡣
ϸ˼һ£ҡҡͷᡣشļ򵥸ɴࡣôȾЩΪ ΪΣ
Цֲҵôʲô¶أ
˵׵Ҳܱ֤ͻҰ䭽Сֹһ䡣
Ȼ仰ЩЦˣȴͨ͸ĺܣһҲû紫Ű衣ȾǸЦ⡣
СվԶһһ׵ӰƬ̺εӰֻվԭأûǰ
ԶһֱСϵļһӻͳ֮ǰֻӣĴĸ˼ºСİӲ󣬴󲽵СȥҪߵǰʱ˽Ų
վԭصС΢΢ЩŲĻͷ˼˫
ִٵĽ߬еӣһĨЦһٳû˵
ԺεĻſȴǽŵĶԼ̿ˮ
վѰļСûдߣҲûȿֻǾĵȴš
ԵģԵġСֹ̧ͷʱ򳶳һԼΪõЦذеӾٵС׵ǰЦ͸ģҸĶ
Ļ䣬Сɫ΢㶳ٳûнӹǲ֪Լ˼ҲһֱҸ˵
С׺ûϸȥ۲СϸϸһһˡʵģĺܺãϻѾӦкܶϲ
ЩʱദǸԵˡ˵ûʲôãκΣ˲ԼеǸˡҲǿ
СףŹϵκһ顣
֪ڿԼļǽţĽ˺
֮С΢΢ͷϼ˫ӣṴǴЦ⣬ͷ
ҾͲˡС׵Ļ䣬ɫüſΪʲô֪Ϊʲô˵޷Ǿǲϲ
ǲĵļװûʵǲǲϲӣϲʲô,Ҹ㡭
С״˼Ļ˵ֵøõĹ
ÿֶ˼ļϣָ΢΢£߬ӵֻϸܿЩĲƬ̺ſûз
ǰѰ˶ǰʹԼֻʮʮԼ᲻ǧɽ̤ˮһֱƯֻΪѰĺĿǹһֱȲǸ˳֣һ
ɬɸֶ˭˵ֹֹͣͣģ֪֪
˫Ŀ죬ǿʧ䣬ǿЦЦָָԱߵĴȾ䭿ڵȾҲ֪ʲôȥǱ߿
˵żٵתָճȭöӻСĴ˻
ǰһ⿪ڵȾ֡
ȾӦһ

 39 

ϣ治ͣĸֳС׶˵ǾһҵʺĹĪЩꡣ
̧ͷһ۶ĴȾȾָ޳ָǷ΢΢ͷЩ֮еЩһѵõĹ±üε̧ûеõȾһʵĿڶµĻſڵȾûѰ𣿡
ȾƤ΢߻Ĵƿ˫ӿ˼Ƭ̣ܾˡ
ȾĻ ͵ɴ۾Щɻ󣺡ô𣿡
Ⱦδȴĵ˵ͷ߼ƻϡ
̾һŵϲҡ
ģ¶ʧ䡣
Ⱦ޾ɵļķеҪִ̫
һ΢΢ͷ۵׵̧ͷʱɫһƬЦϲ֡
˵Ĺɡȴɬɬġ
ȾṴҵġ嵭ƶ
****
ǵʱҹĻܲЩǴ֮ơ
ֱ̻ŵĺڷҡҷʱ㱻𡣲ʱ£˲ʪ˴ƬˮͣĳˢŴصĻҳ
ͣڽʱѾʪ͸
ſڿصԼСæɡܽǰĺš
ƮƮƮƮӹеɡ߸߾̤˲ˮʪ½ǣվȣ䭻ͷСףԸɡ
˵˿ٵİɡݵС׵ϣ˵á
СЦŵ˵ͷ
䭻˿ڣС׹Ҹס¡
С׵һá
һȣȿͨԺ˲ҪȥǶԺԺǱؾ֮·
ںܴ󣬵ȴûдôݳ޶ȵǵţȵÿ״һյ°ڴһ
һ£øЩ˺þãСܿٲ˿Ҫŭˡ
ȴǰСףƮƮ
ܼ˵ԼСˣβסæӭ˳濴˷糾߹ӡ
æǰ΢񣺡Сˡ
Ӧ¡δͣǰʵЩʱտʲô鷢𣿡
С󣬳һ¿ڵСһаãǡǷҲ˼λ𡣡
΢΢üɫЩȵתǴ䭷Ը׹׼һͷ
ǡ깧˵
ȵתǴ·תͷС׹˵׹롣˵΢΢һơ
С׿һǰСıӰĵ˵ͷ
ƮƮԼСǻԷ·ȥԷ·Щɻ󣺡Сϻʪأ·ȥɡ
ƮƮԼҽ
䭵ĽŲδͣʱ˱ƮƮĶϣҲȥϾ͵ңͣˡȴ˰ɡ
ƮƮ򴽣ҲС˷һôСͣġ
˵һṳ̂Էأڳȴĸ
ĸһɫ˿ȹϴϺõĴӣ˷̬ţ沿ǱõƤõĽ
ĸϵ迴΢΢С
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ȿԼңܿҲСϸܵ
䭲һ۳ȱصĺҶˮĴӵĴ̡
ĸ΢пŸûаһµ䭣д⣺ʲôʱôˣĸ׾ӣ
ĸθߴʡ
ɢĸ״ΣұҪ밲Ǳһżأ
û䭣ĸ߬еӣҪŭڱϵʱС˵ʲôɫŻЩ
Ųһ״ĸɫ΢ҲЩⲻҶȥôʱ䵱ĸЩ𣿡
Ц˵ͷĸ׿һĸװ
⻰˵Щ̣ʵһֱ֪ĸֻѰ÷Ⱥ磬˵һӣʲô֪ʲôףɵӡ
䭶,ôˣôôĸ˵أĸװĵǰȥ䭵֣䭶㿪ֻڨЦİ˻ȥϧ˫ƵӸ۶ǰ䭣䭶ȥЩʱգǳԲ·˯þ Ƕǧĸǰ
ĸ΢ֿ
ķŵһһʱͿĸû飬Щ˾Ȼȥˡ
䭵Ļ䣬ĸеĲмĳ˵ǰҶۣЩϢȥɣԺһЩҶӣҶնЩ
ûȥ䣬ܵĴллĸס˵ûͣ󲽵뿪ˡ
ԭĸǱӰתǴʧ΢΢üָĦɳ󴦵ӣ΢΢𴽽ǣ߿ʵղ˵Ŀģ
˵ͷȥС׶͵СŮӵ̸ŮӦǻ᷵ŻᱻСظ
Ļ䣬ĸ۵̳ʪŲ»о

 40 

䭴Сȥ˱Էҡ
һȥС׾ͱľ󾪴ˣرĴһһ㣬ǽڶϺðɫʯǽĴǶž޴ҹ飬ߵİװμݻ
ǳ۵мһ׶೤ˮס
ǰľС׻ûд𾪻ع㶵վſڳٳṳ̂ȥ΢΢ͷվԭ΢Сף
ŶŶСľګӦ߽
һţ˲ӽŵ״⣬СײԾćNɪһ£˴ֱۣ쿴ǰС磺ôô䣿
С׵Ļ䣬Ǹоһ㣬ӣͷ˵洢˱ÿʱͻỻһΡ
С׵˵ͷЩĿ첽ߵ䭵ߡͣĴ֡
䭿ŲסСףߵˮǰ˻ӣ߲Ǻ䡣
С׿첽˹ȥվһᣬûиսô䣬˲ɴ۾ɻ
䭿һСף΢΢ЦֻĴ˱飬м䲢ûС
ΪΣС׻벻ͨЩüͷҧŴ˼
ûֱӻش𣬶ˮڵ˶
ˮڵ뻴ɫ԰׺Ѫɫʹ˫ٻǾµǻϵɶһ˫ǰ棬˯һ
С˳Ҳ̽ͷȥ˶Са˷ƣرüۣʹǴΨһЩͬСĸٽΪӲʡ
СʱϴͻȻС絭п䡣
С΢΢̧ͷǲ⣬˺ðСӦǻش
Լ֮ǰɡ
ֻۣ߱˻˺С˵С׹ﲻ֪ķܲκ
С΢΢ɣüͷ΢һ۲Զ䭣ʵ˵СҲ֪аѾʩˣҲҪʩǷ㹻ĳ
С׻򴽣һ˲˲С硣
ʵû̧ͷԹԵİŪԼеӣƲһ㡣úһģ
С׿Ŵͷ䭣Ϊ̫ڵĲ˵ĵ䣬æظ֤ûµģСһŬСĸѵġ
䭻̧վˮ״ǸһϵĿԼһ˿ɵиͻȻһůӿĵס
Цҡҡͷñ֤㡣ҲҪΪѣʱעģҲҪ
С׿ЦС紽΢֪ΪʲôЩޣһ̣ԼĽһ̲ŷ¶ԼķȻЩĵޡ
۵СףЦߵߣļ򣬶ҪУҪðա
С׵᲻æӲͣĲá
ڴʱͻȻҵŴˣĸЩôĳ˵ĶĤ
˭ģ
ĸ˲̬󲽵ʣ㶮أûҵ˭׼ģ
䭵Ŀһĸû˵
ĸŸ˵䭣ӵķŭ˫߬ȭݺݵĿ䭡
һĸ׶Զӵ۵ŭ⡣
ĸָ䭵ıӴǲҪҰûİˣ˭˽ġ˭
˵ĸָСס
СЩ޴룬ڽ͵ĸģûС
ĸȥ˵ûǿھָ𣺡죬˭׼˵ˡ
۾ɫŴǣ۵ǲÿĸӴָСױӱõ֣˻΢΢̧Ϊ۶üĸ
ĸѾ˵֣һ䭵˫ϲŭһڿݾӵĸһ뿪ڽź
ſ컹ûз㱻ЦĴˣ֪л᲻ŵ
˳ָָǸˮס
ĸ˲䰲ЩյֿԼָס˺ŵߵˮǰڹﰲ뻴ֲͣ˳뻴ˮ׵Ĺ档
ɫǴȰϧҲŻˣҶ²أ¡ﲻǹô˵ŵģˣˣĴˡ
վ岽֮ԶǻɢżĸЦһ˿˿Ŀɬȴת˲š
һ۱㲻ڿĸ˱ȥĮݷĸףλ뻴ģϣ´βҪҿ˵ȻɲҪʲôµ顣
վߵСףǵһοдѪɢɱС磬˺ԼʶСֲǡܿ¡
䭵Ļ䣬㳶С׵֣󲽵ҵſȥ
ſʱͣסȴδתĴ̹ǣĸЩʣЩʱջڱԷһʱ䲻ҪˣΣ
ſˮϵĸſڣüһ̧ʱѹһá
ŬŬĵһͷת뿪ˡ
ңͶϣůĺתӣŲ̫۵ͷɫ
СվԱ㶵Ŀ䭳ٳûпڣߴδ뿪
ð죬ջߣѾû֮ǰĺֻС뽫еɢ
ŵˡ䭲С׿ڵ
С׻ҡҡʵرô˲ԴˡĵЩɬЩС磬СĲãʲڣ£ʱ̫֪룬ͬʱ֪ôȥοСһ˵ġ
ѡ˳ĬĬĬţֻĬĬ顣
䭿ЩͳСΪ֮ǰĳŵˣ˼һᣬڵߣҴȥһ䣬ϤϤһ¾
䭵Ļ䣬СЦգЦŵð
˵̧ǰ
վԭصС׿䭵ıӰаģСλұ𣿡
ǰûп˸΢΢תͷЦŵ𣿡
һ䭵ЦӡС׵Ժ棬ҲЦ漴ܵЦС˵ԨкܶģҪ顣
˱ӰԽԽԶЦ˵á

 41 

ԨͷǷĶǰգʽСӦоСʱһЩ˼ҵС㣬ӳС
䭴Сױ߱߹䣬СǺ濴ǸֱĵĲˡ
䭸С󣬲šϵİտԶԶġֶԵļӸС
䭲ҡҡͷԼô𣿲ڣȻʵ䭵˿ĲôԼ
һĹСѾü֮ԶˣСһǺ«ЦŻͷȥС硣
ƫסȥ·
С׿·΢΢üԼƲҲƣ֮С׻̧
ǰˣһŹӸƦС׵ʱ򣬲´
СױЩλ㵲סҵ·
һµѣų˱߻Ůӣʶ΢ǰ˵ľ롣
֪λʲô֣˵۵вزס̰
С˺֮ľĿ䵭Щ񣺡λҺɣûҪ˰ɣÿһ²Ҫסҵ·
С˵ʱûۿѣǼƾǸûаǰ˵¡
ѱάԼȣκǰŮ˵Ĳ֪ô¶ԭеҪʵ˵үǿˡҪǴһ᱾үϧһ¡˵ŻȥС׵ȴ뱻С״ȥЩߵѷųݻ㡭ǲ֪ôһүŪ㿴ôġ
˵ѱȥץС׵ĸ첲
ԽǰŮӵԽ˷ܵѣЩסС׸첲Ӳš
С׵ûһӵ󣬱һġޣſҡ
ѱû򴽽ǣͷͣСЦޣĺһұҪ㻹ĳˡ
ֱߵİûһģ֪ѵĶӣƽʱаŮͨðոǵˣԴҶ˵ԶԶ±
ŸϽͺϧС׵߬ͨ졣
ΪʲôӵѣͻȻоֱһʹʶĳ֡С׼״Ӹæܵ䭵
䭵ĺȴһ¿ʹ
ѵֵۣٳٲ̧Щ۵ǷŭݺݵɨһȦ󿴼ԶЦſ䭣Щ㵲ֻǰ̣뵽ÿζ䭻Լĺ£оһһ
ѲмĹ˹ڵҵ˭ҴأԭС뽫Īֿ
˵ѵɨһСסֱ¶ǡ
䭲ɫĵסѵߣǰüĿڣǲɰ˵ĶԼˡ
ŵģ㡭
ԣС̫ӱѵ㡣ܻ̫ѹ䭡
䭣۶û̧аȣνĿڵ̫ӹҲδɣ
µһʱԵѣð̫ӱ統Ȼң̫ӱʲôʲô
Ҳ˵ͷ Ȼѵ᣺ǾͿɡ
ŪЩѣ䭵߿̫ӱ硣
̫ϲһϮɫۣ˿߹ߣǻ
̫ӱһ·ЩĿ󣬻ߵѵĸǰ
С̫ӵѰվһҲû֮ǰĿ΢΢ͷСĽһ硣
̫Ӧһ߸ֱӶϵ䭡
̫Ƥ԰ף˫һ˲˲Ŀ䭣̽ ʩѹ
ײ˭ûҪƿ˼
֮ͬʱĬƿ
漴̫ЦǺþòС뽫ˡ
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ϵѿ˾ȻԺʶĳ˳̫ӵ䣬С˵̫ӱ䭸Ͳҷ
̫΢΢ͷѵĻ̫ӺȾЦ⿴䭡
Ŷ˵С뽫Ű裬ɱ̫ӿС뽫ӵǲСڸѡ
̫ӵЩϸǾ䶼䭿졣
΢΢ü֪̫ӵĳǸ߸ںݺˤ¡
ɫһҲûбǫ飬ǰ⻰סˣ̫ӵǺ۹⣬ҲòǴԵǸӣҲᵱǿŮ
䭵Ļָ
Ѳһۣм䭲ҪģΪʲôˣʲôˣֱЦߡ
˵䭺⣬̧һ̫ģĿڵ̫ӵʵǱǸЩ۾زˡ
̫۾վ䭣۵ɱ⣬ܿѹȥĽסתҪߵ䭣С䭽š
̫ӵĻһ䣬䭱ͣס˽Ųӣͷʵ̫ӵ»£
̫Цǰ΢΢ֻ̽С뽫ǲҪ̫Ŀˡ
䣬̫ӺһĿЦ䭡
΢΢üɫģл̫ӵѡ
˵űתȥ
̫ӿ䭵ıӰǰ
ѳ˳̫ӵίĿڵ̫ӱôˣ
ֱ䭵Ӱʧ̫ӲƻɫõĿһѾҪȥ䭡
ɫ̫ӱСֹţȺԵġ
̫Ƴһ۱ѳձȨҪȥ
ѴͷСĿڣ֪ˡ
̫۾֪ǿһЩɬѶ

 42 

Ҫ̫ӱһȥ¿ľ¥Ծƣɲ·䭡
̫ӱɫ΢ĿڵۻȥԾ𣿡
ѻ˲͸̫ܵͶĺ⣬Ĵͷ סԼ͡
̫ӿһѣɫԲã䣺Ȼȥɡ
ҲҶͣæͷơǡ
֪Ҫ컹΢𣬴˽ֱߵҶ һЩѷƵҶӾڣƮƮƮڵϡ
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̫Ӧһ
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˵ͱ䣬ûñ¡ʱ£ϸܵĴųܡЩˡ
̤̤ʻšŴ̫ӵϹϾĽһ̫ӵ£ ǼҲˡ
ŽʹĴǸǽǽΡ¡
̫ϲֳͷ¡们¶ϸľ˵ֱۣϸȸͲһӵֱۡ
ϸܰף׵ĺѪɫĻܿڲֱ۴һƳİ̺ۣǰ̺ۻûнЩ졣
ʹټǽשߡÿȴվһŮվͳһ
Сɵܵϸ꣬ЩЩ⡣
ڲйͨУɽ̧ͣ졣
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һûӦĻһ¡
ڴ̫ӵ
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̧ε̫ǶС΢ͷ϶˺Լ̧Ĳǵ̫ӵ¡̫඼˽µĶǣ˵̫ӵϿºͣʵӺ粻̫ӸǰһҪСġ
ϣ̫ӵµĹŮҲã̫Ҳöֱ̫ͣӵĽԶſֱӡ
ͻȻ̫΢΢̧ʾ̧ͣεС̫˲һ亹˽һҶ
̫ӵ̧֣ɽǰ
ɽȥǰЩ̧ʲô
ɽ˳ָķ򿴼˼С̫ϿһҪѶ͵˳
õģūȥ
ð ɽ첽˻΢΢⼸˺ǿɾūŸ˹
ļ̫Щֻ¸վһʱѼϵǸˤ
ͨһӦǺܳ
Ǽ̫Ҳ˲ͨһȫĵūŵĸūŸ
ڽϵ̫Ƥ΢Ƴһ۹ԼǸ̫࣬ʵ̧ʲô
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ǰ̫࣬ӲͷƤ̿ˮȿ˿ڣ£ûʲô
˵Ǹ̫Ӷɸһ㡣ͷҪ˵¡
̫ӿû˵ʵ̫࣬΢Уᡰߡһ𣺡˵ʵǰɡɽͷ
ɽԼҵ̫ӷһһǸ̫ࡣ
Ǹ̫־ĿɽѶ̵ʣͶ̵ۣʶĿ޺ĺţū֪ˣūŰɣū˵ū˵
Ǹ̫಻ͣĿͷͷѾĳѪǿ־塣
̫ӵǸ̫־飬𴽽۵ȤѪڵѾûлˡ
˵̫ӿɽԸ̫˸Ͻס졣
ǡ
ɽߵǸ̫ǰסĲĺʿȻס䣬һȥصѪ
Ǹ̫Ҳȥˡ
ײѪȡ
ΪϲײеĻ̫ӿͷû̧һ´ͷһָ°ͺڿһֵ˭ˡһת
Ǹ̫³ʣµļ̫඼ɪɪҷ
ͣƬ̣һС̫Ŀڵū˵
̫üë΢ĵ˵ͷ˵
ǱץŮӣŪˡū͵͵ȥ˵С̫߬Ķ麹̿ˮĿڽ̫һһ
ǸС̫Ļ䣬̫ӱĵ˵ͷ˵һá
С̫˲ϲͬ飬Ȼͷллл£лл¡
̫΢΢̧ˣỊ̇ɽ
ǡ˵ɽǰѾȾѪĶ̵ӰһƵС̫ǰһĨǸС̫ڲŵɴ۾ȥˡ
̫֪ԼҲͬĲܻɡ
̫Ӱû̧ۿЩ̫࣬ɫҹɽ˴ˡ
ǡɽѶ̵ЩɻĿڵǸС̫࡭
ɽһԴǵˣִֻӲʡҲӦˣԻ˵һͣסˡ
ɱҲˡ̫ӵ
ɽ˵ͷ
ѵϵǸˣעĿ
ǡɽ
ٴα̧̫ӳڣȥ

 43 

ҷ޹
ӵĸ׺̫ӵĸеݵıãҲ˵Ļʺҷ衣һͬϵۣκӵĸ磬ӣ˹Խ޷졣
ǣҷճɫƵءϵ۳谮ӵ޼ɵ
ҹɫĺĺڸƽҷСŵЩŮ²ǳ
߸§һޣᱡɴȹɴȹ֣ͬһ㡣
Ůʱʱϣ۵飬ʱǣǵ°ͣһֱǵ.ļ衣
̫ӵĽʱŵĴĸʶüëͲ԰׵ոӵİһ֡
ҷ޹µĻ
Ϻõİ̳ɵĵ棬ˢŽۣɫ̶бһž޴ҹԣһ㡣
̫̤ʱŵڳȺ輼Ũ֬ˮζ˽ӡ
Щ輼̫ӵ½˲ͣμ̫ӵ¡
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̫ɫתһҷһǳ㿴ʲôӣ·á
ԣӿٵһһ۱վһŵ輼ǳϽȥ
Щ輼֮ӳ̫ӵ䣬ĵ˵
˵߰˴ϺõľϣԼվԱߣһСӣ˵ˣ֦ˡ
ҷѹӵݵ̫ӵǰ
̫ûᣬִһҷֱ˵֪ԡ
ֵҷװ֣ɫʹ࣬װίĺһ֡
ʵһ㶼ۣ̫αվߣǰȫס־ô
̫һ۱װίҷ֮ǰЩС̫Ļɫɢź⡣
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̫ʵ𣺡ǸǸŮô£
վڱϵҷһﲻͣĴģӦðô֪أԼѾĺأ
СЩ̫ӻֵҷ΢΢̧һ̫֧֧װɵ̫ӻ˵ʲôأôأ
̫Ƥ΢ƿ˵ٻҷЦһոռ̫࿸һ͵ĺɲɵĴӱƤӵ·
˵̫ӱ߹۲ҷɫһˣҷٵ̧ۿ̫ɫЩңڳЩʡ֣㡭ײˡʵ˵ǸŮ̫ǺôˣһûôأҧԾˡҷԽ˵ԽС
ߡ̫һģҪǲ㴦ˣҪǱ˸浽ȥΡ
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һѾΪԼƺˣ¶ЦֺõֱǸǣлл֡
̫Ӳһ׾ҷ㣬ֵʱ򱾹Ҳס㡣
ǡ֪˻֡ҷĴͷС
̫Ƴһ۵ͷҷû˵ʲô
ð̫֮Ų˶
***
һº磬Ӹڡ
Ŀڳͤ˴ɫƮ᲻
˽ͤڣȾһϮ£ģָĦɳŲյɫ΢ͷ߲ĹӰ͸ӳĵԡ
ȾĻϳһϮ´Űɫڴصһ࣬˼״
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Ⱦĵ˵ͷ
ǲǸܵСȥ𣿡ϳüͷʵ
֮ǰȾСȥˣ׷˾֮ڽⷢǸСеʬ壬ֵʱѾɱʬҰҵǸɽ뾩Ǻܽ
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ϳ˼һ£ĵ˵ͷôһ˵ⱳ˿֮ˣھӽ¾˭ôĴ󵨡
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ԣȾĵ˵ͷⲦ˺׷ɱ䭵һˣôŹǡ۸ˣҪЩмӡ
ϳ˲׽Ⱦ˿ɱ⵫ȴ죬ֻҪǺǸС뽫йصԼҺǲ᲻ܵġǰӲڶˡ
ϳҡҡͷĺһڲ裬俴Щѵļתͷ߿˴ȾЩĵĿڵôˣ
ϳ˵Ļ䣬Ⱦ˳ϳ˵Ļ˹ȥƬ̿ڵҵǸ֮ǰǸ
ϳЩЩ𾪣ꡣãã˺оȻҵˡЩĿȾҵӡ˵⻰ϳ˿һۿһήҵļ
Ⱦ²յ˫ӾĿżǸŮϲ
ϳ΢㶳ٳûпڡ
˭˵׼أϳû˵ĺһڲ衣
֮󣬴Ⱦ
ϳ˲ԼһҪϿɻʵҪȥġ
Ⱦ΢΢̧ʱ³֣
˵ʱĴȾһֱڼԵĿǼ֣Ӷһ¡
һһߵǰɫʵȥ𣿡
һ£ð֮󣬻˳Ȿ
漴˿ϳˡ
ϳҡҡͷ͵ҾͲȥˣһع

 44 

ɪɪԺڵ֦Ҷݻƣ䭴һɫԺڵϣɫĳ۽ζڿɢ۾
Ƭ̣ԶС׵ĽŲƤ΢Ƶֱֱ´һüͷ΢дŹģ岻˲١
СЩСĽ͵пûϢá
ʵüڽЩʱգСۿɼݡ
һۣɫ԰׺ѪɫС׶ҪҹҹĿҽˣⷵѾʧѾãֻһšΪͺá
СĵԼĻС׵һůӿ֫ٺЦݣĵ˵ͷС֪ˡСġ
˼䣬Сױ˵Ҫȥڿһ˵ͷԶıӰһƮƮ
ƮƮӦһڡ
΢΢𣺡ȥУС׿Щҩ塣
ǡ
䭻ı۾¡
ƮƮССЩʱСӡ
䭷˸ӣ˦Сૡ֪ˡ
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ͻȻʲô̧ƮƮʵڱԷĿɺã
ԣƮƮɫЩϲҲԽ죺˾Ժ潽ʱȥүٷƢˣС׹ҲǺܿ
䭵ӦһݣͿҴҵ˹䭸ǰ²鵽һЩ
ɫһһ𣺡˵
˳ǸСе鵽˾ԶһɽǸɽرأΪأʱʱľͻڸĻɽϷֺͯʬ壬״֮ǰЩ״ͬ
Ļ䣬ɫ΢ĿڵȲҪпʲôɵ˽
˼һ󣬻⼸յ̽飬Ǹɽѿϸ񣬸Ͳ˿ֻһοһͣɽǰ뵽˿ڣؽǰҹ¿һͣɽǰӳһͷҵӣһ£ûп˵һʱ˱뿪ˡ
һûһ˦ӣȻһıı˭ڶö֪˺ҪɱԼǰֻ᲻ͬһأ
Щͷ۵䭰˰ֿȶšЩ˲
ǡ
΢ͷ˳˼֮ϱͷưӿϵսѣʥѲ⣬ĸܼλδ֪ٹֻһֱԨս
̫˵ǡνǸܵСЩΣաֻóϻ
СӴ˺ͼүڸſأС䭵˼
Ƭ̵䭿һվԱߵС˿ٵ˵˵Ҳڡ
СˣСܵſڣӴƣסµĿڵҼҡ˵˵ڡ
ǸС˵귴Ӧ͵͵Լ죬ЦӲͷƤ˵ǡҼҽ֮ǰȥڲڸϳȥˡ
ſű͵͵䭲ûȥ ˵ʲô뱩һ١ֱͷⲻ֪Լûס
Ⱦ΢΢̧ԽСһ¶ɫ½ǣ𴽡Ŷһµķʵ𣿡
ȾſڵСصĵ˵ͷޱȿ϶Ŀڵǧȷǧȷ
ǿǲˡȾͶ˿˿Ц⣺ôСأ
ǰСˣһæͷ˿濴¶ĺɫ½ǡСܵԼҽǰŶڵϵ䭣һĿࣺ㱩¶ˡ
Ϊصĺúõ䭣ﰵһã͹ԼôôǷǵø˥
ҲڲصϵĻңЦŴкӴˣ̫ˣⲻҪء
˵һЦ䭣ֵȻӴ˺ͼˣôóأ
Ⱦһۣûһ滰䭣΢ü֮Ц⡣û˵ʲôĿ䭱ݡ
䶼ԣС뽫竾ݳ޶ȣڽ̻ԻܻͣϹ˵۾Ⱦ徻ŵԺ䣬ǲ֪ЩԵôȥģ˵Ļơ
䭰뵽˱ȲЩЩ㡣
ļ˼ƮˣĴĴȴٳûпڡ
Щļ䭲ʵʲô
ҡҡͷûʲô
ġŶһһڶһϮ¾ֹӴˣĿڵӴôˣ
䭵Ļ䣬ûȴȾشƮƮҵ˹ǽСˣС׹Ѫ赹ˡ
һվɫץסƮƮļʵô赹ѪôͻȻѪѾ侲ļĻǴ
ƮƮǶԼɫļ˵
Ǳߵ䭷Ӧʱ֪ΪʲôͻȻһʹһƬհšѪ漴˫ĿǳŸд򡣡
˵˲˻Ų·ȥļ״Ҳ˷ĸ䭵
˵ٶӰһ죬˲ûӰˡ

 45 

ҵʱСѾزˣǴѪ䭲סĲɫƬ̣ǰСס
䭸ܵС׵Ϣ΢ʹСĿڻСףСף
е˸һ㷴ӦûУںܹļɫɺƿ䭰˱ԼĻ
䭱Ƹ򣬺ĴȾһѡ
ɫ԰׺ѪɫСףϧĻţСףôˣ
˵һһĲСǵѪᵽС
ѾԵСףԼԼߴСһһ۾
һ졣
С΢۾ϲĿڵСף 
С׿ǰӰģģЩѰŴԶ䭣³һĿڵС롭硭硱
ڣڡС׵ĸǰס̧֣ôӣôѪأ
С׿ۿ䭣ֲ̧۽ǵ飬οС롭硭Ĳǵ
һ㶣ǳ鶯ǿŲԼ޳΢ƣСסҵСס
䭵Ļ䣬СȳѪѪ˳˲
С׵ļ󵽣Сȱ˵ˣһ͹ˡȱ˵ˡ
СװĿһۼ߿˻ЩԶС롭磬㡭Сʱ򡭡ȹҵģҴȺС˳С֪ʱж຦¶ֱ㣬㻹ɽ
뵽ЩСףǺЦ⡣
˵СһĶȻС˵һ֪СʵŮ
Ⱦɫ΢Ҳһ졣
ûзʵѾС׾ǵԼɽϾȵСŮ
䭿ŴԽԽѾСصĵ˵ͷǡҲԾСףСס
䭵з⡣СЦſ˵һԼһֱȴûл˵Ļ
С硭ʵǲŮС׶ϲ㡣
˵ЩСĿɫ۶䭡
ãúá䭽С׵֡
ʱƮƮŴ첽ܵҡ
СˡΪܵЩƮƮЩ
Сװοˣûµģûµġ
˵䭳ǸԴĴ򽹼˵쿴
Ǹɨһ۲԰׺ѪɫСףüͷָС׵ʱüͷ嵽˲С
֮󣬴̾һҡҡͷĿڵλѪѺľ췦ˡ
ô˵˫ĿݺݵĿǸ򣬴ӹҽ˵ʲô
С׿Ҫļİ
С׵üĿ˲ᣬĺţûµСףҲµġ
˵ļСЦЦһΣСЦôĿ
õģȿȿȡԼҡ֪Ŀȿȿȡаɹʩͬɹһ 
˵С׿ɫǸ⣬С롭ȿȿȡСױ˵㲻ͣĿѪŵ硭ԡ𡣡
˵û˵Сֱ۴ȥѾ
ű۾СףеĹһһʧ˳бʹ֣ζͬ޹һۡ
ѾɵˣŲỽһ顰Сס֡
ûӦ
䭣Ѿסֱ
СʩʲôС׾Ͳô
Ҫ޻ʵ䭱Ⱦ˻һĺһ
ԱߵƮƮҲ޵
֮󣬼ӲıСףͬľżһ³С˵Сףǻؼҡ̫ˡǻؼҡ
ߵĿº޲ɱ
ʱȾ䭵ǰĿһ۴ȾûȴĿ±Сſȥ
ԶԶȥıӰɪҲǸֵ֣Цꡣ
ǱߵɫЩ;ĿڴȾĻﲻԲ
ûã⴫ĸ޺ 
漴˾͵ײײ˽˵ˮǰˮڱ뻴
ĸСָ뻴գѾ˿¶ȶûˣ̽̽ϢѾûˡ
һŵĸ뻴֣ɱ䡣
ҽܾôȥ뻴ĸ˫ĿɴţɱҶģ
ɱҶģ ĸŭţĴѰûпСףѾĴţ۵ĶˤϣѾ
ɱҶҪɱҪɱĸ˻ߵĺ
˿ķˣ輸Ƶڵ˶ͷ
侲侲輸޹
֮䭻ĴӴȾĻվĸ˫ŭ˫ǿӾȲˣȲһ
һ仰Ǻųġ
ĸݺݵĿ͵˹ס䭵Ĳӣ֣ɱҶҪ㳥

 46 

䭿ĸŤ䭼̧ƣɶķˣηջû̧֡
Ǳס䭲ӵĸѾʧȥϵһһļءĿıϡ䭵ԺֳСʱĻ档ڹ¶Ժĺӵһᵽĸ׵ᡣ
ʱ뻴廹ûб̫ԺϷ֣ĸͤ۳谮Ŀˣ
ÿÿ˷ܵͷ󺹣ĸ˿ĸ˲öͷϵĺʱҪչ˺ã
䭶Ҫ۸Ŷ
ÿÿԼҪ̶ʱĸ׶ǵĶͷһЦ˵á
ÿκ͸Էʱĸ׶˵ʳʳʱΪĸ׸۰Լһ㡣
Ǵʲôʼĸ׶Խ䵭Խѵ⣬ļǸȥԽɻΪʲô˸λóΪڵС뽫һ㣬֪ˣпֻһ
䭱סӣձͨ죬ԴһƬհףϢĸоðǡ
ϵĴȾűס䭣߬ȭͷŭ
ȭͷָ߬Ǹ¸ֱˣɢźһһֵĸߣ۾ûգһ£ǶסĸֱۺݺݵķȻ׾ٵ˦ĸۼֿķסʧ壬ȻǵĮӴ˿ȴ˵ĺ⡣
ȿȿȡ䭸պʿʱֹסһ͵ĿԡСϱϡ
ȾĴ˳䭵ļһһ˳
˦Աߵĸſڵϳٳû״æ𣺡ôû˵ǣ
Щĵ´ĸ
ĸ侲䭵źм ɱҶǲŹġ
˳䭿ĸǱ񣬻վۿԴɳָˮ뻴ٵĸĺӣͬҲǡ
䭵ĻίΣΡ
ĸҡҡͷͲ࿴һǱһ䭵ģ㲻ǡ
ĸĻºɵľתͷҡ
ԶıӰįվԭأǶһϰԼ
ϵĴȾߣۣӵһ֪Ϊʲôо˺ĺԶ
֮䭲Żָˮ뻴һһߵˮǰźԼƵӣǿۿеˮż֮硱Žг 
䭿ˮ뻴վ˺þã˵ôվǺþúþá

գʮ֣ͷɹϳĳڵ¡
û³ŴˡĻһһ¡
ϵĴ㿴ңҿЩɻ󣬲֪ʲô˵Ĵ󵨣Ȼġ
ŵǸٱ͢󳼵ģԴϵۼλŶʮδһ죬±ϵֹæС̫ȥǺ˾Ȼ˵Ĵ󵨡
ϵϵۣһɫŽۡü֮ŵ֮¶͸¶ϡ΢Уղá
ڴǶ±ڸǾ
Ƭ֮ܽС̫˵ڵļž
ܽС̫æ£ŵǽˡ
С̫ĻھЩЩ
ˣ
С뽫ĵĸף
ô£
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ϵ΢۾ŹڵϵС̫࣬ͳ
ǡ
ſڵĸɫͷڡֳֹ鳣Ź档
ͷ˺顣
С̫СܵǰԵɱˣҪɱͷġ
ĸ˿ûǸС̫š
ˣְͣɣء
ֱС̫˵ĸһۣȻ󻺻ķеĹ鳣˷ͷϵĹ·ɡ

 47 

С̫˴ϵ˵һԡ
ĸϵϵۡ˵һμӱ¡
ϵһ۵ĸָĦɳĴָϵָٳûпڣڸ˵
֮ĸ΢΢̧ͷŵ³д
أϵ΢΢üӹͳʣˣ֪ʲôط֣
ϵɫࡣŵµĸˣҪ뽫ķˣΪһҪġ
ĸ̧ͷ³ϵҪһ顣
˵ϵδһ۵ˡ
£ԨС뽫Ů
ĸĻȹһ ɲ
ϵ̧ɫ΢˫ĿɴȻǲš
µĴиǴ󾪣ôô˵¡һʱ䶼侲Ⱥ۷׷ף
Ůôܣ
ǰǰ⵽ǲİ
̫ˣ
ԽԽҵĴһ뵽ƹһŮʱЩޡ
һŮձ
С뽫ǰǶƭˡ
µĴԽԽϵɫԽӵü΢ϵžһˤ˵Ϻǳ졣
˲׷׹ͷϢŭ
Ϣŭ
ϵֹ˦ŷСҲɶŭע塣
ϵһؿЩƣð˳ϵۿŵµˣЩѹȣ˵Ŀģ
ĸͷ˵ٻ
áϵƳһ۱ϵֹԸȥС뽫
ǡֹȥ
ֹߺһĬ
֮󡣴΢΢ЩĽŲ治ʱһϮ³ڴ֮ϡ
еĴ󳼷׷óһ·ֳֺȲǰĸλãζĿһۣ漴ջߣμ¡
ûдֻǼ򵥵ʩ
֮ǰĴǣ׷뽫񷨶֮ϱΪС뽫даѱ·
䣬ӵةһɵķ׷׸͵ǰ뽫ĪΪԼͿ޷ˡ
䭶΢ЩЦһ£࣬Բ죬ֻ۾ҶԱ²ˣǲҪ˵
µƿԵƬ̣һ䭣漴ϵۣ£С뽫֮˿Ǻ
ǵЦаǰô˸ҵѿؾȻ˵Ŀŵ
תĸϣЩʹʹ֮ǰֹ֪˵˵СŮ
⻰ʱֻЩ㶣֮УҲû˿ĻҪŮ˻ô
ߴ䭵Ц΢΢䭣΢
䭺⡣
۵ĺþãϵϵɫȻϣ뽫Ƿ۾֪ϵ۵Ķ䭣ɫͫ̽
䭳Ĭˡ
ĸ˿û˵Ļᣬ˿ڣ£ԾУûһٻ˳ŻĸָŲԶһһ٣ Ůӡ
´䲻ǵһεһȻ
Ӧ֮ãӦ˵޷죬ƹ
ĸᡣ
ɫ俴ŹڵµĸѾû֮ǰװ֮վɫѵ䡣ûܲ͸˼롣
ϵۿųٳûпڵ䭳йµǼ١޿Ҫ
ϵ˵ͬʱĸ
ǡϵĹҪȥ룬䭵쳹ˡ
ϵۿһ䭵Ǻ⣿
ԣ䭻Ķϵ۵ߣЦһ漴ڵ˵Ĳްٻ
䭵Ļ䣬һƬȻξϵ۶ɫ΢٣ɫתһ˲˲Ķ䭣ϣ
ɫĵ˵ͷɫиκεľ⡣ģ ϡ
ϵ˲ŭĿһģŭ󵨡
Ƿ׷׹¡
ϵᡰǡһųԨŮΪƹ̸ϵ۷΢䭡
΢΢̧ü˺䣺´Գ蹶ͬ˵ŮΣѵֻ׼жɱУŮӱ㲻һЧ֮ġõŮӲӲƫ
䭵Ļֱǹ̸ЩЦ
֣ϵ΢۾ɫ˼ֲԥԸ˸޹ؽΣպն
ϵŭաڶ࿴һۡ
ǰɫĮҲû˿ķֻǾĿվԱߺƺûйϵĸſ˵˾䡰Ƿ
Ƭǰѹȥ

 48 

㣬ˤڷܣϣɫ֣Хֿ֦ɨһգˮˢ潦һƬŢҼһǱŲ
ʹȵŵ͵ƣеıеĹǼðŴȼ
ߺǽˮĳˢ¸ӵĹ
̫͹ǰܴվһϮµĴȾֳɡվ°ѾˮʪӦѾվ˺ܾúܾˡ
ʱ̫͹Żıƿֹ첽ߵȾǰһΪѵĿһӴ˵ȰӴˣɫѾȥɣ 
Ⱦ΢΢̧üɫᶨݾܾҪ¡
ֹ̾һǱɡס¶޵Ӵˣ¶ɫӴˣͱΪū˱ͷǲģС뽫Ƿ۾Ҫɱͷͱûˮˡ
ȾΪ˵Ҫ¡
ֹžԼҪ˵޶ԵӴˣδҡҡͷת뿪ˡ
ҹɫԽԽˮҲıСȾվ¹ӰվҹЩ롣
ˡ
졣
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ȿȿȿȿȡˮѵϵ˳˳Ŀڣ
ϵֹæˮ
ȹˮһЩϵۣ˯ˣֱӣɫ԰ݡ
ȡȡ
ŲͣĿȵֹݹȥӣϵֿ˰죬ðͣϵһϵѪ΢΢㶡
ֹϿȳѪüͷЩǣֿѪˣҪҪ̫ҽ
ϵҡҡͷᡰߡһϢЪ˵β޵ĲûõĶ
ЩϵֹۣҲڴֻþվڱϡ
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ΪҪû뵽ϵ۵˵˾䣺վŰɡ
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С̫óϵ۵Ƴһ۱ֹдϣ˽нɡ
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Ⱦվ˵ʮ״Сֹܹɫɹѵϸϸ۾涼Ѫ˿°ʹҲ磬ɡ
Щ΢ֹȾǰٵ˵Ӵ˹ȥ
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ϵתһ۴ȾɫߵɫӥһĶŴȾ
Ⱦܵϵߣη̧ɫ£뽫ġ
ȾĻ䣬ϵۺ߾˹дŭ֪֪˵ʲô
֪ Ⱦͷϵ˫ŭӡ
ǣ֪ƨϵֱⲽ۾ĸŮûɵԨһŮӡ˵ȥЦ
ȾŭϵЩ¿뽫ȾԸ췣
Ⱦ˵߹صߵף¿
ϵֹţѾĺĶͷæӴˡ
ֹų󿴿ҿ֪Ǻá
ϵǿŴȾģ֪һ䣬Ӳ볯֮£ҲӲΪκ顣ʵϵЩû뵽
ܷϵ۵ĻŹڵϴȾ
ϵ۵Ļ䣬Ⱦͺɵĵͷǡ
Ҫأ
Ⱦᶨá
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ֹƳһıȥվϵĵڴȾߵӴȥɣǱˡ
Ⱦ˫񣺡ˡ
ȾĽŲԶϵת⿪ڣһŮӣͰŪӣûϢҪǿڹĸϣҶײޣˡ
ϢŭϢŭֹǰ
֮ƽϵۣ޺þûмĸʵЩˣȥ롣
ūȥ졣ֹ

 49 

Ӹڣ
СڿԼӵһ̣Ͻϲ첽ǰȥӴû°ɣ
ȾԴƣ룬ɻ羫һĿա΢¡
ȾĻ䣬С߸æӴνðϷ˵ĻˣԲ·˯žģֲͣûҪȥˡסˡ
֪ˡȾǵһʱȥ˴Ϸˡ
һԺſڵŮ̿΢΢
ڣϷС۾ʵǲǰȾˣ
ûȥȾŴȽϷ˿ϱǰЩݴȾ۵ۡ۹ۣˣƢŤͷȥȥȾ
ּ״æڴȾСӴóȻȥϷ˵Ļˡ
Ⱦĵ˵ͷǰ˼ֱֱվǰϴĴӦĸΪҵġ
֪ˡ
Ⱦһֱͷڼ䴢Ϸˣ͵ۣװģصᡰߡһɲǡ
ȾҲδһֱվϷ
ԼңǰϷ˿ɱˡⲻǻ
ѾĴϷˣԻתͷһվıֱȾɡ
ȾԱߣϷ´һݲٵĴȾ۵ĵ⺢ô£ôԼ嵱һ£óȻǲԼĲð̫ˡ
Խ˵Խ 
ȾֱĴϷˣæḧĺ󱳣˵ĸõġȾⲻû𣿡
ϷЩǵ˫ĿϸϸĴϵµĿһ飬ⶼˡ
ϷæԸ׼ЩӲһ
ǡϵӦ
󣬴ϷڵźˣֱֻʣˣϷ˻̧˴Ⱦ˫Ⱦ븮㻹Ǳˣ۾ɲС£ҿųӺ˽ ǲ׷ŹǸС뽫ġ
Ϸ˱˵߿ŴȾɫ䴹üҲ֪ûȥʵȾ˵ɼס
˴Ⱦ΢΢̧ͷǼᶨŴϷˣһһᶨ˵ĸҲˣκҶϣ 
˵⻰ʱȾɫ֣أ֮ǰϷûмϷ˳Ƭ̣µĳȾһ˺ѵģҪõģҲ𣿡
ȾĬˣʵܶǰ¶ļտʼʱֻǾ˺Ȥһһ֣ᷢ˸ЩŸһӣȥľͻȥ˽
֪ԼһֱһĮˣǴڽʱסĺһɱ⡣
Ⱦ˼Ƭ̳΢̧ʱ۵Ŀ϶ĸҲ֪ǷңҵѾˣɡ
Ϸˣһ˲ڴȾϺǿ˴Ⱦ游ӰˣʱҲ˵ͬĻҲ֪Ƿ ֮Ѿݲ±ˡ
˼ĸдϷ۽ǴЩ⣬󣬵ͳ𣺡ȾѾ϶ˣĸҲ˵ЩʲôǷ۾ᱻɱͷģᱻң뱣ǲܵġ
ҿųˣȥ㲻ҲŹ䭵ģȾףϷ۽Ǵڸǲסеͨ͸
֪Ⱦ֮󣬹˹ǣüеԴ顣
ִֵĴȾϷ̾һĵ֣˭ҲӲ
Ϸߵǰó˷ײ㾫µȾһ˿ҳСľӡ
ߵǰϣӲֲľ滹СͷסˡĳϷ˺Ǳ
Ϸ˱Կ״򿪺ӱ߶ŴȾ˵ĶܾС뽫һ
ʱԿײ棬һͷˣϷ˻Ŀ˺ӣһתᡣתý˿á
Ϸ˰תȡ˳ݸ˴Ⱦֻȵ۸ҵģ˵Ժ۷ʲôʲôҪȥʥһ
Ⱦӹתоǧأɫת΢΢̧ͳĸ

ȾЩɣĶϴϷ˫ɣӡ
ȥɣӦÿԾǺһ˵Ϸ˱߰֡
ȾĬ˰ֻ˵ĸ֣ллĸ


⽼ɽ֡¯ԣͷҵӱվŹɫЩ͵ٸˣ
ϵİ᯿һ۵¯ǰӣʵ˵ʮ
ʮ΢
᯸ܵɨߣӵ˵ͷ
漴ֵӷԲѾҲͯͯŮˣڵİǷֺӶ˴ˡԽԽĵİЩ£Ǳô찡

 50 

ʲôҵӣƳһ۰᯺߾˵¯Ҫٻı
޷죬ĳκε©ͱҪɱ˼Ѫˡ
᯿粻ղŻ˵úȴˣҲ˵ʲôֻӦǡ
˵ͷȻִͳһѶ̵۾գһµĳӣڸ첲ϻһӣѪ˲ڹ棬ƵĵҩѪȫں϶΢
ʱͻȻʯͽŲİᯰνæܵ⣬ԶһӰ᯿첽׷ȥκ˵Ľһ֪Ṧ׿Խټ֮ҹ߲ãôû׷ϡ
Ŵİ᯸ջͷУ͸ܵӥһߣæ£ܣû׷ϣ˸ˡ
˸ˣɫ˲ǳ
кãĴ˦䣬Ŀ¡
û̧ͷ֪ˣԸ췣
ԣһߵ᯵ǰ𴽽ǣ䣬һڰ᯵ֱϣ漴ӣתȥĵĳͷҪ´Ρ
ۣҧأ˵˾䣺´Ρ
תȥ˿ڴˣҲѪ
ǡ˵Ű᯿ٳһ·ϲµľϵ˴ºЩǵ˵Ӧ˶ˣǵٻ᲻ᱩ¶
᯵Ļ䡣ӵںɴƣṴŴǣд㡣

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ֻһյ谵С͵
˵Ĳӿ죬ʮֵľ裬СĶҪ㣬һ˹ҿҪɱͷġ
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䭿һۣɫ䵭״ŵС¹һ˴˽һۻ䭣ŵģǰѷ硣
˵ĴţһҲרҵ
һ۾ϳݵ󲽵˹ȥǸñժñӡ
˭һ㶣૵ʦ
մʦժñ֮µĴһֱûʲô˲һǲĵʵûˣ
ҡҡͷ۾һֱմʦ
մʦ̾һ䭶ܿˡû뵽˵ĺģǰӡ
մʦе˾ĸͬʱҲմʦͬʦã˴Сһ𳤴ЩʱʦЩԣôҲû뵽ô̵ĶԴԼĺӡ
Ҳ֪ʦ˵˭֮ǰһֱΪⱲӶԭ£ᵽǸŮ˵ʱɫ쳣ƽûκίͲ⡣
մʦĻ䣬Цһȥʦ
ѵ䭣մʦ۵ۣ֪ӴС˶ٿ࣬ϸǼ縺˶ĵӣСС;ƹܱ˵˰ۣΪ˻סһֱڰԼװ˵ѧκεֻΪ˴͢Щ˶ע⡣
ôȴᷢЩ¡
վڱϵŻû˵µģżСץº±ץס
Ļ䣬Ҫô˵ôܰȳǴҲϧ
ĵһοͣƬ̣ſڣǷ۾֮Ӧò׵ķŹҡ䭳΢ѾµԼĺҪֱǲܡ
ô죿ǵ
Ļ䣬մʦƬ̣ڵ䭶⵱һҪʦϷɸ봫ʦǾӲ̲ΣҲҪȳ
մʦı֣أһҲûпЦ
͢һֱǾˮˮΪ˺ƤǺ룬붼û;ܾˣʦɡ
մʦ΢΢̧üЩ⡣
ʦҲ˵ҵұûϣڶôѾ֪ˣνҲʦ˳ɣͽҲΪңٳɽָ͢һֱల£ٴν棬ǱضȷѪ꣬ⲻͽ뿴ġ
ɡմʦ֪˵Ķԣôš
ʦ䭾Ŀմʦдżᶨ
մʦĬƬ̣󻺻ĵ˵ͷ
뿳ͷʱԽԽԽԽǣ֪Ǻá
ǽԴ𣿡Щ˲ˡ
䭻ĿڵǸɽôˣ
Ȼ⣬ԼӶҪûôɽ顣ʵ˵һֱ˶š
á䭵ץʱˡ
ǡӦǲ⣺йϵ𣿡
մʦһ»Ȼ䭶ڼһĻᡣ
Ŷ׹æ˵¾ȥ顣
˵Żûת洫һŲɫң󿴿ֿˡ궼Ҫûˡ

 51 

ôĵӣһ糾ʹ󲽶ʿŵ˺˼̿ˮڨڨĿڵִˡǡɰ
˵΢΢üɫģ˵治СȻ˽´˵̲Ρ
ѹĵʹЩЩѹȣ̧ۿһۣɫһһ͵Ҿ˳·Ҫˡ
˵űӱϲǱǰӴסεƹˤִҾǴ˽ܰô𣿡
۾ǰ͸ӼèһȴӲˣ˵ĲɫһӾͺҲࣺ㾹˵ĺ˵
۾Բĸһ
ִܹˣǸټӸ˭أҿҸͲϧһŤͷﰵԼҪܷģһ
ſģһ㡭˰졣
һƹˤģˤĲ˦ָ֣ʲô㣬Ҫ˵ʲô浽ȥһĲںִȥɡҲں
û뵽һֱôƢ֮ǰɲװԽԽ˦Ӷݺݵ˵ðȻ͸Ŵٰɡ
˵űתȥǰûģЩŵǰðתͷһվһ񣬴һ
û
ʱӵһĵһۣ󲽵ǰȥ󣬵ߵȴʱʱȥվһɴү
תûͻȻ
κڰĳ棬ʱһʿʿŴվȺ󣬴˵ִˣˣ˵Ҫ뽫
䭣΢㶣ʵ˵ʲô𣿡
ʿʻæ˵شˣû˵ӺǺżټ
һ·ϣ䭶֪ϵΪλͻȻԼ
ʹѹʿЩϵĽ
ֱ찲ڵһᣬ㱻˽ȥ
찲ͨǳϳ֮µĵطλϵۡ
ϵ һϮɫŽĳۣλϣɫЩ԰Ҫǰ䭼ʱЩ㲣ͷܿ׷˲˲٣ϻڡ
䭽ҲǲΪϵۻһ̷Ϊ׵ĴǸûûԹԵ˵
ڶǸʲôǼ峤ԨսǴǸֲڱ߾Ǳ˵Ƕʿʱͻᷢսġ¿㶨ᡣһ󳼵
üͷ壬һֱ϶Ǻܺ˾Ҫ˺ƤǴĴֲ
Ԩ⼸꣬ʵһֱƺⶫٺȷʵҲǲټЩ˻ŪĹһֱȽϿ飬һڴһһٱԪˡ
ǰڶǱ߲ͣ¶ˣҲһ̡
һ˽ǶȽϵġ
࿴ųٳûзϵۣƳһվڱϵ䭣дԹͼ˵׻ǲСǵĻʲô峤˽ϣԨô·
һͷˮЩԣĿڣ˵ʲôʲô˽СʲôʱʶǼ峤ˣ
䭵ͳ΢ɢ䡣
䭵⻰һЩŭ˷׷ŭС뽫ڵǲˣЦ
ǰǸ峤סô˵ʶ
ڶΪҪս˵׶ɵģ㵹ǲˣоСк𣿡
ϵĴһվ˸ߴͣš
ЩֱӺǵ˵Ҳ˸ףҲ˵Сױ˵Ǽ峤۰ס
С飬һֱᵽԼϣԼʹЩ˵ģôֻǾվﶼûл졣
ϵĴԽ˵ԽңǶ䭶
ɫѵ˹ȥǴ󳼱ȥڿ
λϵۿЩֻ֪ȥõĴ󳼣üͷ壬ѹ¿ԣŭ졣
ϵ۵Ļ䣬˲
ð֮ϵϬ䭣ɫϣֻҪ㽻ƾãϨŭ𡣡
Щ󳼸𣺡Ӣ
Ӣ
ͷ䭣ﰵ޷ǾƳȥƣƽϢŭٱûͷԼ͵ǵһڻҡ
£ΪƳȥ ƽϢŭ𣿼ʹƽϢ˲´𣿡䭻̧ͷ΢һ˲˲Ŀϵۡ
ϵ۳Ƭûȿڣ䭽ŵս
ɫȻȴ֣ء
ԣϵ۴Щɺɣ㣿ŮսǵԨû𣿡
ϵ۵ԽԽ󡣸Ͳ䭡
΢ƤһϮ¾վ°Դһֱ˵ƣһһϣû˭
Ÿû佫䭣һŭôĿ˽֪С뽫Ĳ䲻ͣһųֱ̼
Ǵ󳼲мĿһ䭱ջߡ
Цһ ûһס˵Ĳӣ΢΢ʩش˸оΰ
ȻЦţЦЩ}ˣԽԽأȻɱһ˾һֻһ򵥡
ĴŵĶҷ˺˼
ȿȡǸش˺ԽԽ뽫ġ
Ǹش˵Ļ䣬䭿ٵɿĲӡ
ڴ󳼶ֵĿ䭣ҲһƬͻȻ⴫ϸ£Ļӵ

ϵ۵º󣬲ʱĻϳһº´󲽵Ľʡ
ɡ
Ļӻֱӿ˿ڣʶ˵߾һЩɧңԸ󸸻׼
ϳڵõϢʱϵ߾͸æ˹
ϵһԼʱĻӣЩɬû£͡
ʡϳвʡû˵ͱˡ
ˡϵ۳ŭϡ
ϳֻסڡ
ϵ۲ɵ𣺡Ȼ䭾͸һĻᣬγɹ֮ǰ۾Ͳˡ
ǡ䭵

 52 

գδܿӰſڴһϮ£⴩ף߸ϣֳֺȣӢˬŽʿ
һһէƣҪ˶͸
߸Լ䭵ıʿ
ձԺнʿ
ʱ磬䭸߾ģҪСߵС뽫һ¡
һ¡
תͷӸͣȣȾ󲽵ߵǰ䣬䡣
䭻ϴͷŴȾž޿Ƭ̣˲е㺣תͷЦһµӴҵģ
䭵Ļǵ٩ûȴվˣ̧ͷԼ۾ɫ֣أޱĴǰ
Ⱦ䭵ʱ۽ǴЦ⣬Ķһյ䣬۵ĳ硣
䭲ȥ˵۾ߣ𣺡лӴˣ·̳Զ鲻ãڡ
˵䭸ߺһݡҪ߿֮ǰǵĮ롣֮ľ롣
Ҫߵ䭴ȾۼֿסΪͣסֲ˵ϵ˶Ⱦסȡ
֮ͣװͷ̧ȾЩ壺Ӵ˵Цûʱ˷ѡ
Ⱦɫתϵ𣬰֮ȥŵϵ˶
䭣㵱治֪ϲ㣿ȾƬ̺һ˲˲䭣۵ڴ
ȾĻ䣬¶һ£漴üɫЩĮӴ˵ЦˣʲôݰʲôݣϲңǱ˰ɡ
˵䭵˱𴦣ֻ˴Ⱦһ
䭣֮ǰ˵ҵģȾ߬ȭͷͶơ΢΢ͷ¶Ƿߡ
תߣ΢΢̽ͷϴȾ˫𴽽ЦӴˣ֮ǰֶװҶ޸С
̽Ⱦͷ˵ĶͷһҪһˡ˵껰䭸Ҫֱӣ˳һһֻӣһֻȥ
촽һʱһƬհףˤȥ§ס˵Ĳ
ȾһһĿʹԽԽϱͨ죬һ˫Ӹˮģ
䭻оʹУѪζӡ
䭲֪ã˲ŷŹڴڴŶ쵰˴ŮҵĽߡ
Ⱦ˦ɵİ˱䭵ĺڿлһȡ
˫ص䭻Щİס˴Ⱦļ
һͷߣȾͷ촽䭶䴦ƣûио𣿡
ȾϢ䭵Ĳõ㣬ɻЩ֮󣬻ָ䭣վֱӺһ˵ľ롣
Ⱦ۾ź޲ԼԶԶ䭣ɫ
ҧ촽˻һ̧˴Ⱦ˫ɫڱ𣿡
䭵һ˲˲ĿŴȾŵǸ飬䭶Ӿ뷨ûУԺҲûС
˵ûпȾ˫۾
Ⱦɺ죬߬ȭͷת䭱Ӱ
䭣Ӹ
ʿ̤̤̤
ȾվԭؿҪԶ䭣˫Ŀ죬ɫĸûġ
Ⱦ˳ŷ䭵Ķϣ䭲˲ǲ֪ʲôʱᣬӲ֪
˵Ż䭻ޣߺһݡﳤȥ
վԭصĴȾӵʹɢ⺮⣬ϵС߲ǰ֪Ҫ˵ʲô

һºԽԽ䣬˶˪Ҳȼů¯
Ӹ鷿ڣȾһϮͬɫ磬ڰǰָתƶߣһգȾָ΢١ʽ
Ⱦ䣬ڶϳ˿޵Ⱦ˻ζ
Ⱦ̧ĿʹʲôҲû˵ȴܵѹȡϳ˼ˣʵȾҹʲô𣿡
ȾɫĲңʱʱľһ
Ƭ֮󣬴Ⱦڶϳˣ䣬΢ϳˡ
ŴȾ໽ԼϳѾµʲôˣյһڲ衣
Ҳļƻǲǡ Ⱦᶨû˿ĹĨǡ
ϳ˷˲յûзϻĵ˵ͷ֪԰ȾĲǳҪ֪ġ
û
Ⱦ۾ɫǸŮֻڣմʦ·ĺ˶Ļӵˣ
ǡϳ˱֮󷴵ɵĺС衣
֪ѪѰ÷ȥݣ֪ȥұȥһжļƻ֮ڡȾɫ࣬ϳˡ
ϳδ͡
Ԩýڣȴ֮෴
ȾĻ䣬ϳ΢΢̧˴ȾЦһµʲôҲȾ
䭱ݵȷСŮ͸©˭밢ȾӦˡ
ȾƤ΢ƣĿϳƬ̣ٳûڿڡ
鷿ɲǼ侲֮ϳ̾һŴҶѵ䣬ֻʣ¿֦Щ
ڻʱͳ棺ȾԨ飬м˵ν⻼Ļǰհ!
̾ĴȾ̧ȥ
ȾǸܳĶӣҲԴ̫ӺһĶԴңΪһ֮ӦΪǰ꽭һˮٰջжٰӲǶˡпɿҴӲȨֻϣհҵأ
ϳ˵ߣȭͷգɫתЦƤ£Ѫɽϣٺͯʬ壬ôĿŵʬҰ
Խ˵ԽƲסϳ뵽Щۿ
ð֮ϳ˻һȾǲ䭡ͣ˰ϳֿڵȾ֪е㲻ܣҲ֣ѾӸЩ徲
䣬ϳδﻺſȥ
ָűߣϴ˴ȾȻѾ֪˭䭣Źأ
ϳ˵ָոűߣȾĻһӾ˼תͷһЦ

 53 

ϵ۵ԽѪԽԽأԽԽ١
ϳʱ򣬺ܶʱǻ㱵ģһ߹صĽݱս䭴ս
߹رХսʿҹѲ鲻һ˿һи˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͻǱͶŹĶе£ھͼǰüͷ壬
ڱϵ񣬹źİ£Բſǰ۾С⺮ɽǹϱ߻Ǳߣյλ˵ѹֻҪס˱㲻ʲôġ
Ļ俴˲֪ʲô䭣֮䭿ڵ̫ˣǳ֮ơ
Ҳ֪ǳ֮ƿڵ״˵ĲֻǵıȱԨıʤһģκζǱߵĹֻҪ᲻ܿƵɱֱǿ
ݵ˽ϵİ£һ
ʲôʱжϷ磿䭲ͷһ
һҹ⼸նϷ硣
֮󲻽Ŀ䭣СΪҪʷ򣿡
ָȦȦͼ ǸȦþǺɽӪĵطҪһѻ𣬽Ϸ磬ֲ
䭵Ļ䣬һӱ䭵˼ô˵ЩΣգЩǵʵ˭ȥѻ𣿡
䭺˵һҡ
УҲͬ⡣䭵Ļ˵꣬㷴̫ðˡ㲻ȥҪȥҲȥ㲻ȥ
û뵽˵ֻͷһ𣬵ǲɵĿڵȥ㿴׼ʱڲˣ˿ΧסҿôӡΪȥĽʿ𡣡
䭵ĻǵʵǴأô죿
Цٶôôܱסİɡ䭰ļ
ҹɫ찲ڣƻͨϵϣĿűϴͷϳɫѡ
ϳ˾վڵڣʱ̫𣺡̫ӵµ
漴̫ӵӰ΢΢μʡ
ϵһ̫ӣɣֿϳɫѾˣʲô˵ɡ
ϳ˻̧ͷƳһ۱ϵ̫ӣʣЩʱգ໧˼ҷ׷ױ˵ǣ˺ӡ
ϵ΢Уɫ࣬͸ϣ齻ٸͿˡ豨
ϳ˸ܵϵԵĲã
ⲻǼ򵥵ĺʧٰЩͯͯŮļѪʲôҩϳ˱˵߿ϲԣ̫ü˿Ĳ⡣
ҩϵ۾ɡ
ϳĵ˵ͷŵ̬ȽأѾ鵽һЩüĿ
˵ϳֿǱݵ̫ӡ
̫ӹ΢΢üϳ˵ӣɫЩЩвĵֱֱĿűĪǾɥĲǱġ
̫ӲмĿϳˣϳδŵһֱڵ£ֳһɽڣ˰־ƵҩҲԶɽϷЩӵʬ壬׽һڰֵˣй˵̫ӵ£Ѫϵǰǰ˽ʮӡ
ϳ˵һôɥͷһ̫ӵӵĺ
ϳָص̫û˿ĻҿϳЦһĵƾ޾Ҳ˵
̫ӵĻ䣬ϵϳߴϡ
 ˶Ѿˡϳ˵Ļ䣬ϵͳ
ʱ˱ѹ
˼ӣȲסĶæĹŲĿİͰ͵ģμ¡
˵ֿһ۱ϵ̫ӣЩµƿߡ
ϳ˿Źڵϵӣʵϲʶ
̧һ̫ӣ˲˿ڣʶ
ϳһ㶣һ飺㲻ʶ
˵˵ͷϳɫ΢䡣Щѡ
ЩĶҧԼ֮ǰǴˣСֻӼΣЩңĲ̫ӵ£ǽСļҲ˵ѡ
ӵĻ䣬̫һһĿϳһЦ ĵ㿴˵Ǳ
ϳ΢Уûߵ̫ӣһץסӵɫͷźۣһһٵӵ˭
סӣЩ˳Ϊ˱ٵ˵ӡ
˵˳ϳҲɿӿһ
ãҲ˵
Щû˯ѣҷҡڵ۾̫ӻҲڣ۾һˣϵǰҲ̫μʡ
ϵ۵˵ͷָָڵӣʶ
ϵʻǰ·̫ӵʱЦЦһ۹ڵϵˡ
ҷ˵ʱҲ̧ͷ˶һᣬҷֱӣʶţ
ҷϳԼţһӡŵر£ļѪҩָʹСôġ
ɵҷɫˣŭ˵ʲôָʹʲôˣ˵
ҷһĪ֪ô£˾һҧʲôļѪԼʲôʱô֪
Сڳɽ
˵ҷǳϵݣҷҵıĲǶ޹ġ
ϵû޺ҷŵ°ţȷ
ţصĵ˵ͷŵر£С˵ǧȷ
ҷЩҵĿ̫ӣץסĵһ㣺֣ĲңĲҡ־ң־ҡ
ƾҷϲԵӣҲûеõһ
ϵɫãŵڿ޺ҷͷ˵Ѻȥɡ
ҷ޺ûһ˿ôӲıȥǸţҲѹȥ
ʱڲž
ϵЩˣһϳֿһ̫ӵ̫£°ɡ
ǡ˵ϳ˱ˡ
ϳߺϵֿϵĹӡ
ȿȿȿȿȡȿȿȡȵϵ۰춼ûд
״̫ӵĵʳҩûкЩ𣿡
ӵϵᡰߡһǳһȺβ޵Ĳ
һ뵽Щõ̫ҽϵ۸Ĳᣬؿֹϵ˳˳źõ㡣
ôˣ컹Ҫãϵ΢΢̧ʵ
ԣϲʵ˵ظʻðࡣ
£ϵвáɫתӥһϲԡ
̫΢΢ͷѾǸɽһֱڲ顣
û̫˵껰ϵʵ˭ڲ飬ϳˣ
̫ҡҡͷǣݶ鵽ʱһֱǴȾڲ飬ӦĵܣҪĵҲôƶǶ

 54 

̫ӵĻ䣬ϵ۵Щ죬Ⱦһֱκγе飬ĪΪǸ䭡
ĵܶ϶ˣǲԶĻɡ
ԣϵ۵޸ʲôӽʱ
ǡ̫Ӧһ뵽޹ǣҷŵʣǰҷҪôã
ϵ۳Ƭ̣漴̧ĺ޸˵Ҫһ𣿡
ţ̫ϲϲ֪Ϊವġ
û̫ڿڣϵ۾Ͱֵ°ɡ޷ˡ
̫ӳ˹ǰߺ󣬴ϷӺ˳̸֮
վֱһܹʹùôҪұūͨһ
ԭǵ̫ȥСôϷ˺þá
ˣ첻ˣȻȥˡ
Ϸ˻䣬˵ǻʹùߡ
ڻӸ·ϣϷ治ͣϵĻ
ЩʧϷˣظͰԼ棬Ҳûгԡ
ȾЩĹ֪ʲôҲǴ󺧡ˡ
ڶգȾ鰵ϳ˵ˡϳ˲ţһӳôҲû뵽ĻָʹԼһֱصĸʡ
ڣϳһʱ䡣
ڼ䣬Ӱշ׷ױ٣κЩٸͲΪ
һΪǵŭǾǰҪһ˵ٱ̫ӵָʹǰν򣬲ɱ޹ǵİԹص
һЩԷзбˮ֮Уϵ۾ǲŲʡ
ʱԨ⻼ϳ˼ðܿࡣһЩΪ׷ױϵ۲ش󳼣ڴȾİ³ûܿϵۡ
ºϳ״Χס˻ʹϵλЩһЩĴ̫ԼѪֻ ҩ֮ϵ۷ºҲδת
ǳϵãҪôຢӵꡣ
ϳ˱ƹϵҲδһӢϳһ뵽˵ԼĸճƵʱӢˡ
ϳ˳Ƶۡӵ
ͬʱ߹صҲѾˣ䭵ļƻɽȫյƬײ˶ٵĴ󲿷ֱֻûͷͶ
νǷޣ糼ǾڳǱӭӡ
ȾҲȥˣһϮվڳǽԶԶĿŴ󲿶һһ߽ӰҲһһ
Ѱ˺þҲûпϲһµ䭡
һ¾ͻ˵ĴȾʮߵĳǽϣ¡
һ崢ȾһӺۿʱŻһŻǿ׵˿
һһߵȾǰٳٿ˿ڡ˾ôվš
ϴӴ˼ƲĿڵأ
һأˮԾ
ٳûƽӣеӺСͷҵǷŵ˹ȥſգսļƻϷȡ𹥡ȥŻҰź֮󣬾ͰΧס
ԽԽܵ񼸶ʣź֮󣬷ҲԤϵһܿΧס
ԽԽ󣬽ҲûܴӴ
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