صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

ǡߣ
İ
꾫ϲĳ
޺û뵽ĺֵÿ춼ĥγΪĽ

ң䡣
䣬óůů¡
ң
һɳСġ
δ˿鸹x

ݱǩ Ե ֮  
ؼ֣ǣɧֱ  ǣ  
һ仰飺е׷
⣺ΪΪ 


 1 

޺ǰ߿£еԼһȥտ޺һڴӦڿȥĸտ޺룬ƼԼҡ
޺Ӽסũ壬ÿÿǶҲȽϴиСԺӣЩשͷʡȥտصķá
ҲûϵȥݼˣиԶ˸ޣ¾ȥˣ޺ûȥһϲֵˣôİݣڡ
ҲûܾҲûȥ޺ӵļңȥҲ޷
ĸ˽ȥ˺ܶտƷ͸⣬ʳϡ
ȶˣ˴ȥ޺ӵļҡ
⳵ֵ׵ũ壬ΧҲܿһЩũڸŵũ
ͣһǰ޺ӽ⿪ȫӸʻ
˾Ҳ³Ⱥ˴򿪳β䣬һһ䶫
޺ӵѣȽϰһ㣬һߣҲΣװ׾ģһͷĶ̷߸ݣխ׳ʵϣǿиɣʮֲС
Ϊԭ򣬹ѳ˸ģ򶼲̫ᡣ
޺Ӹȫһͣ޺Ӹĸũˣũľǿ׳ڸĸѬ£޺Ӿݣ⡣
һصĲ;ߺʳȰᣬʣµĸҡ
һۣʲô˼ȰѴİ꣬С
СŵĹӸУָɶ
賿һú̿ǽⶼڻ޺Ӱϣʣµľֻһʳ
ڴҶ˸ֻйɵһʳ
޺ڴԿó˴š
һԺӣΧǽΧмֻһ¥¥ġ
Χǽһŵӵǰˮ࣬ȷʵʺŪտܡ
һСһֻŵĻɫл԰Ȯһİ˷޺Ӻǳ䣬ԴԹԵſţβͲͣػζϴ
޺ó賿ԺǽǰһЩשͷտܡ
޺ɫؿһ۴ү϶¥ҿš
ʳָԿ׵Բת˸Ȧɵ˵:С
ǰ棬޺ӱһϸں¥ݡһ׼ȷҵԿףȥתһȦŴˡ
յؽš
һžͿĻ棬ԿҲͣ
һϸŹīٲһʪģˮ˳ŷ˿µΣͷ˸ɫëһֲֻͷһֻֻźɫĽһ࣬ӯӯһգ°һɫĶ̿㣬˫߳ġ
죬ŮתϵˮûȫɾʪۻÿüùŲۡ
ҿİӣӣ󿴵޺ӱһ䶫
޺ҲˣôͻȻˣ
ӣôˣ
һ۹ͷϵëסԼǰķ羰ṫϵİ͹µСˣԼڴ·
ûʲô£ͻˡ
˵ط任·
ٻӰʧǰ޺ӣЩ:ι޺ӣͦÿġ
޺üƽʱϰ߽ҽ㣬żһӣû뵽ȻΪã
޺Ӵ򿪱ţһ߷Ͻȥһ˵:ãҽ㡣
ʳһţ΢Ծ
һһװ򵥵İɫTֻһ㣬ԼװӦõ˲ų䡣
ûˣ¥кüжײҺڸ¥
Χڼӣ׼ȷ˵иոǸԼҵܵһ¥Ǹۿţûж֡
޺ӱһ׼ȥϴɾңת˵ҽ㣬ңһտûɣ
޺ӵ˶˹ڰڼӵĶЦ˵û⣬û⡣
Һ䣬֪޺ӵѣ߿ˣտɷɡ
Ұһ𣬹û￴æżҶۣ΢΢һЦеøҵĹһ롣
ܿ죬Ǿ͵û޺Ҳ඼ãϿ⣬Ҳڰ޺ӡ
賿ܶô죬̲ס̾㣬޺
Ǹͣ԰԰ͺܺóԡ
Ҹ⴮Ȼָۣطܼ򵥵ģֻҪûУҲԡ
ǰڰ֣ǿɲС
žȷʵͦ򵥵ģеôôˣû˵У
ǰ޺ӵļ磬ĵ˵ԡ
賿Цһ㣬㲻еġ
һۣҧгݣûĸ˻ϲ仰ʲôУô
˭˵ҲУͿԣס졣
賿Цϣ磬ҵ㿾һ
⣬ƾҪ޺ӣԱһ𿾡߷߲ƽת˭أ
ҿ÷ָǼԣ賿Ƕ޲ڣţóԣζĲ
޺Ӽ⣬Ц˵ǵȻˣҽĳտڼġ
һַת⴮һ˵´ˡ
ôÿȻҲˣԡ
޺ӿңѯô
Ҳû˼ܾϾĶǵܵܣͷӦ
賿пڸˡ
ӹȥڿ⴮賿ȥ˵ϣô
ԲۣⶼҪˡ
һ⻰ⶼ󿴿ҿᣬ
Ľˡ
賿ļ磬ĳ˵磬Լ԰ɡ

Ա֮ɫҲʼŴҳô࣬϶ˣϻ¥̶ˮ
Ҵ򿪱䣬ó̶ȥϴֻʱˣóһɼϢ
ɼǶ侲һ¡
ҿһ۾ͷŻؿڴû
ɼѣڴĵʱſʼ̸ԭƻôѧҵֱǱҹڻвһ¾ҪҵˣͻȻ˵ҪؼҼ̳мҵ߷ܶˡ
˵ĸͲ̫ȶŸһأҵʱ˵ˣȻҪӦأ
Ҿһ㡣
ϴùҽ̶ȫȥˮú¯Լ̨
ơƣͿһ°ͣһִϣſգۣʹ򿪱ơȥҲûͣ
ðݵˮҵ־
ŵǣС
ҿ̶ȫˣʢһ㳢ζոպá
¥ȥˮ
˭֪һȥͿĸˣơںˣÿ˵϶Ⱦ糺졣
εҡҡͷڵǡ
ˮȵɡ
վŵңžƣ㲻һտơƣ䡣
ұܾģ뵽ոţһ˿ȣʹشӦȺСѪꡣ
޺ӣ̫ãҪǱˡ
ʣϷƵģôʧ
Һˬ£Χһš
ȣ
ĳ賿Ǵڣġ
޺΢ŵ̾һǸûһŮӵ֡
ɰͰ͵غȾҲûʲô˼賿飺Ҫ㶫ɣ
һơƣʲô
賿޺ӣ´Сɣ
޺룬¥ȥãպýʱ򣬼ˣӡ
ʱǺʣ㣬ѧﶼôƯŮ𣿡
Ȼкܶ˳ƺŮһСƨ˵ȻЩ˼
Һ˵ƣ΢죬־Ǻѵġ
ɶˣѧҺÿǡ
ǣǿ̫ˡ
ȥƣŮ82
޺Ӻ
賿ùӰװѣﲻͣҡָ޺Ӻ͹С
ЩǺܸȤС͸֣ÿεݼҶҪϼΣˣһǡ
޺ӣɡ
С
賿ֹͣҡһ554
޺Ӿһƣһ
һֵҺǣҲСˣֻܺȾơ
Ҷ˺ܶ࣬Ҹǣ־ʼˡ
ҲѣԱߵĹ˵С
һۣ˵ˡС
ҺһãͻȻվ˹һ
ֽͷõһ˦ͷɢ¡
ϵҡҡ˵󣬴󣬴󡣡
޺Ҳվĸ첲ӣˡ
һ˦֣ӿ
𶯣û
ٽʮӵʱ˽˵ελȥ
ʣһ̯ûʰ޺ӿһԼҵĽ㣬̾˿
ٴСͽǺȾƣҲôһȶࡣ
޺ӰúԼҽŻط䡣

 2 

ڶѹ;ͷʹ˾ƣȻ˵Լôŵ
ڴϻ˺һҲȥϴ
ʱ޺Ѿڳˣ߹ȥţѾ
޺ӿűԼ˴ͷĽ㣬ֵζ
ܺȻƴôࣿ
ңûк
޺ӣȥϴºȵȥ
Ȼ޺ӵĽ㣬ʵʱ޺չ
ҿžԼЩ㲣̫ã룬޺ӣһȥɽɣþûлˡ
޺ӣȥнǸ
룬⸽ȷʵûʲôɽֻнɽҲȽϸߣͬ⣺á
޺ӹú¯뵽סǱߣ˵ҪѰɣסǱߡ
нǱߵĿ£кü޵ĵ·ͨ㣬һһ㶼ǱǮ˵硣
³ĭǮȻסǱߡ
޺ӰѾ˳ȥ
ȷʵǸ
뵽˹·Ů
ʣǸǸɶģʲôɣһүƵġ
޺ӣ˼ȷʵǴү
ң
ܽԺʰɾ˵㶫ԣ׼ȥɽ
޺Ӹϵܺã룬ûһҪҪһȥȻܵ˶
ڼұ跳ˣһ쵽˵óҲȥߣ˶˶Լͬѧȥ
֪಻ϲ˶еʱ¥ÿ¥ʱԼΪʲôôãֵһ¥
ǡʱ޺ӵϢˣԼȥҸɽƽʱĻһܾһֱ߶ѴӦˡ
޺Լɽڼ档
޺Ӻҵʱ򣬹Ѿ˼ˡ
޺Ӹк벻㾹Ȼ
ôŮǰ¶Լȱ㣿ôҲҪӵġ
ϡ𣿡
޺ɨһۣͦϡġ

ɽ·Ƚ᫣ҲȽѡ
ЩңкܶԺܶʱǴӰ£Ҳᱻɹ
һʼȣǰͷģҸˡ
ǰСϸӰһִ޺ӵļϡ
㣬ôԽԽ죿
޺ѵԽԽˡ
ת۾Զˣ޺ӣ㣬ĥĥġ
˵ּ꣬ߡ
޺ӣûһˣȻĻ̫ˡ
Ծʣȷ磿
޺ЦЦɱССǸܸܵģɼûе90֡ڴѧڼμ˺ܶ˶ᣬǧױǰ㶼δܵù

ܵвѼӲһ¡
רҵŮ١һƲ⡣
޺ӣרҵŮ忪Ů5ٶ˰ɡ

һ·ȣȵɽͲ֪˦ˡ
ţ޺ǰǱһģٶȾ͸ڹƵģʮɾǸү
߶ѹ޺ôϹ˸ܣѹֿ첻
ҵͷЩˣȡ·Ȧҧֻ˳ͷȻ
ʱ
ҿװ׾СȾ˺Σ
ܵƲĿ⣬øˡ
Ůˣô£
һ˲䣬ջĿ⣬СĳС
ܴȻ
ɽ󣬹Լ޺ȥϷԼһ˻ؼҡ
صٺͲϣѾˡ
ҵʱҲһ㶡
ӣôͻˣ
һƣ룬Ķ泩ģȻǺ˶ʺ
̱ɳϣϢģѧУûʲô˾ͻˡ
ϣҵЩ㶨𣿡
һ˸ƣţ㶨ˣھ͵űҵ֮ȥˡ
ϣһ䣺ɼĹҲˣ
һҾϣԼŮŭʵôˣֱˣ
˵ҵҪؼҡ
ϣҵԣɻ󣺡ô֮ǰ˵ҪһǱôͻȻ͸ı⣿
ֲسŵȴֶŵˡ
֪ˡ
ϣӣúýҪƢ
ίͰͣԣҷƢҲġ
ϣ֪ԼŮԸ񾭴ֱֱ
*
ɼȷʵһûϵˣʲôˣ㲻ңһȥ
ңڼÿԼг̰ŵģҲԼˣٿһʱ䣬ʲô֪ˡ
޺յϢ˵Ҫҳա
޺ӸҴкʱڷ٤Ϻ乵ġ
£Ȱꡣ
޺ֻˣѾˣ¥š
һӾ꣬֫
ëã׼ȥԡһһ·
Ǿͽˡ
һοʪӣһα޵
ҳǵͷתͽԡҡ
賿ֶֻŲˣҳǣ㣬֪ʲôԣҶ˵㡣
ҿһĲˣ⡢㡢Ѽ⡢ġ˵ȵȡ
ָЩ˵ʵǲҪ˵ģҼкܶࡣҾֻ⣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
賿಻࣬˶ࡣ
һЩˣոû˵Ḷ́ԹȥгˣЩҰģ֪ҪԶ٣
ӦҲࣿ
࣬꣬ǶԵ¡
ϵü仰ҿȼš
޺ӿ˿Һ͹ܾ˵̫ϵ
ҿʼϴϴ޺Ӵ֣߹үѲƵġ
Ҫæ𣿡
Ұϴɾȫʢɨһ۹ãϴο⴮Ҽҹԡ

һ߳ȥ˴ơ
һеĲ˶ϴɾ׼òϣʽʼˣѻ󣬰ѹȣͣˡ
Ķ̲סȥֻɫΧȹһͷںڵĳȫ¶Ķͷյ
ģġ
˰ӣȫã޺ӰæȫĲʽ˳
賿ŵζߵǰпͺܺóԡ
ʱٺͲϣˣСӡ
ʮ˾ٷòشк
߸ΧϳԷеӵҲҷſӳԡ
һϣ죬ζȣҵĳ޲ڡ
ֻйɫģǿظһۡС
ԹٺͲϣϢѿռ䶼ˡ
ʰ꣬ϵĲȻкܶʣµģҵؿһۣ̲˵һ䣺˵Ե£
Сϵĸ˶һ
һ㶣е졣
ŮһӶ
ԺҪ˭̫
ϴͻطˣһȺСƨ棬ȷʵȤ
óֻ΢ţɼĶԻ򣬻һǰǾ仰
˵˾䡰̸鷳ͷ˯ˡ
ʱܰûʲô
ױǰͷ߳ȥ˶֪ȥˣ¥׼ȥҵĴơ
һ¥Ϳ޺ӴŴţſ죬ҷһҲûߵƵĹѴȡ¹Ȧ
ƸҹϵܺãÿһżҲȥߡ
һõͷţԺ˼ȦҶôģǰ춼һֱˣɵöܡ
ƿЦضˣҵϣǰצҵļϣһֱҵ
һ¥ͿĳŮĹܽӴ
˴ελȥ˾ſˣͻȻԼЩûţȥ˸
ͿŮЦ绨ͷɢ䣬ƽĵżȻķ壬ִҡ
賿һ˾Ⱥܾˡ
Ҵ߹ϳǰһңһһ١

 3 

Һɼս˽ڣɼϵң˵Ҫ̸̸
룬ҲѮˣԼҲҵˣҲҪᣬɼҪһ£˳ƱУ
Һͼ˵֮޺ӿС¿ȥվ
˹վУ
صᣬ϶ûˣͱҵȥˣһʵϰ˾ҪתΪʽԱ֮ǰҪʵϰһʱ䡣
ǵʰˣӼǰĶൽµռãڵĿյƵġ
ҳϢһᣬԼʳˣȥ˶ܲ
˰ӣϢңͷ乵ģǿա
ܲʺ
경ᣬʵϰǸѾˣҵʱܲ졣
ôͻˣǻһ𣿡
ϵˮšӣһڣ˵ɼģȻɡ
ɼһߣҿʵ㲻ĵģһ꣬ҲͨһҲûʲôĵ͸㣬úÿ
˼š
ڶϣҸɼʳüһ档
ɼǸģ֮ǰѾ˵ɼ䲻˳òߣҲһ㣬һˣϻഺҲûʲô׳־
ҲûϣԸͶľ̸һ̸ûоһɢɼĵطɼҲϲ˶
Ҿйͬ⣬ӦҲܳþã
Һɼš
Χǳѧ̸˵أֻһЩ΢
ɼȿڣңҡһҪؼǱ߷չ
ңаɣ𣿡
ɼȻôһŮ
֣ڼǱȶˣҲչ
һ⻰Ͳ⣬ԼоҲȽϽȥǱ߷չԶҲ˵Ӧ
ҺܼᶨԼģҲȥǱߵģҰϣһֱϷҪ̫Զ
ɼһ뵽ŮڲҲڸ磬˽һֱӡ
˵̸
*
߿ɼܿͳˣ޺ӵĳɼȶƽʱģĳɼ࣬ҵѧУ´࣬Ҳѡõרҵ
ĳɼͲ޺ӣ޺ʮֵ֣ɵĸ˵ɼ˵Ѿˡ
־Ըʱ޺ѡѧҲ޺ѡͬһѡԭһ޺ΪϣһУӦǡѧõרҵѧ޺ϲרҵѡѧУΪɼ⣬ˮƽѧУǿǿ
־ԸǼ죬޺ӣֻӾȻڼˡ
ѯʹ֪ԭһУˣùʧ˺һӡ
ûϵշ
*
ʮŵʱᣬķӾѧУеԶɼΪЩΣҵģʱ˵һ⣬ط۸񲻹ҡ
ɼҰᣬɻؼˡ
Ӵˣ˿ʼ
Ҳʽȥ˾ϰ࣬Ĺ˾һҿ˾רϴˮġ
˾ҽʶһλ
ദУҷλѾȻһλĸŮʮ׷֮飬֪˧Ӧú˧һ
*
·ݣУѧӡ
޺Ӻ͹ҲѧУˣϰֶԼĶӰٰ۰˾ȥѧУ·ıӡ
Ϊ޺ͬһѧУ޺һר
޺Ҳûܾ
ѧУĵһ죬޺Ӿ͸Ҵ˵绰ԼѾѧУˡ
ǸʱӪûнӵĵ绰
Ҳִ绰ȥ
ι
޺Ӹոᣬű߽ӵ绰
ôѧУɣЩ⣬̬
ѧУҸ߿꣬ҵҽһѧУ
޺ֻ߳ᣬȸ졣

ԼҵܴܵԶ𳵸϶ۣϾԼѾĿࡣ
۰ɣϢһᣬҴȥԷ
޺ӣۣǸŹĳģҵ˾
Ҳ죬ôͬһѧУ
޺ӣ԰һרҵˡ
룬Ͼ˼˳Լҵܵܣлһĺܲá
ɣѧУǼxxx͹ݼ
ܿ죬ֲһ䣬֪İɣ
޺ȷʵ֪һҡ
û£ţ˳ڸתȦ
޺ӹ˵绰󣬸˸΢ţǳԷ
յϢʱһСᣬþöûˡ
°࣬˿ֻϵʱ䣬Աߵ˸ңӣʲô
ƽʱ˾;һԼʱӰʱҲһ
ҿ̱ϣҸҵܵԼȥѧУԷҪһ𣿡
վʰԼİҲûʲôһ䷹Ҳ
ð԰ײԡ
ҿݵƤǵģЦҲ׳ԡ
Ӹµؿңһ֪ˣζӵĵġ
ǰ͹̣ߣ
غ֮ǰ޺Ӹ΢ţѾŵˣŸ
ҺȥԱ˵ԼѾ˵ˣţԱǽȥ
һȥͿ˧磬۾ɴˡ
ϲǣ˧ǽҪ͵ˡ
͹ǳεӣɳ޺Ӻ͹һţҽʱ򿴵ڴϷͷָֻĻϿٵذ
߹ȥ棬˲̧ͷ
߻һλߵ޺ӵ£ܿ죬ֵͷϷ
ȥԼڿߵߡ
˧ԼǰϷż䣬Ǵֿʼȼˡ
Һദ£Ȼ֪ƢԣײײʾҪô䡣
ҵĶϣСʣұܶԲԣ
ҵǿԼ޺Ӻܿ
ô֪
СˣٺΪһ۾ܿܰ
ң
ͣô˶ܿ϶Ҳ͵ˣ԰ұеģֱۼֺⷢÿģܡ
ң
һ˵Ҳϸϸˡ
ܰףȻ˺ܸߣǿеĸоüҲеÿù֣ۺܹˡԼҵܵܿͱȽϴֲһ㣬ɫҲҪϼ֣ʤһǵ͵˶ˡ
ҲʲôˣԼҵܵôͬ־
ҳˣԷˣˡ
޺ͷҲû̧УٹӾͺˣȵɡ
ûǣԱ˼ˣ
Ҳˡ
Աò΢΢ְҵЦݣʻҪʲô𣿡
ʶˣҪʲô
պһֽӮˣ
޺ͬʱ̧ͷ࿴һۣơ
ġ
д䣬Ůο
ҸܵƲס˷ܡ
޺Ӻ͹Ҳˡ
ҵϲ˵ٶȺܿ죬ûȶãԱϲˡ
ϣ˶ˣԵúܿ졣
ʣҪȵʲô𣿡
Ĭػһ䣺á
һ䣺Ƕһרҵ𣿡
һ㶣ûشͷԡ
޺ӣǣѧϵģҽϵ
ѵõ¶һ˿˼
̲סظһ䣬ҽ
Źܵ̽Ŀ⣬Щ죬Ʋûȥ
˿ȫﲻߣôѡҽ
ңôѡûϲСﰡ
ǰʣˣӲðһ䣺ġ

Ա󣬲Ծ˺ܶ࣬³Ĺͷ͵Σùֽ
ͷĵɢůɫĹ⣬濴Ҳûôࡣ
Ա߹ʣҪ𣿡
š
óֻ
Ա˺һŵӵݸңãһ879Ԫ
Աóɨ׼ɨҵĶά롣
ʱˣ
ԱϾתŹ׼ɨֻ
ۼֿ죬һָڹֻϣϸָ˹ָ
ô򵥣ԼԼҲԼĵܴܵһ˳糵ô˵Ӧ򵥡
ǳûûС
ΪһϰŶ򵥣ٹ̵֪Ů򵥡
ԼΪһʿ򵥣Ȼ˵ûûС
Ůˡ
ʲôûûСҲûҴٺ˵úҰһһ
ңСһСʱǵܵܡ
һſڱտڶǵܵܡ
ܵܡ
ҵķûߣ

 4 

ԱżƣҲóֻվһԣؿš
û֣Ǹˡ
ֻܸ֡
Ҵ֧ĸ棬Աɨ
˲͹ݣĸ˷ֳ飬޺Ӻ͹ѧУҺȥ
޺ھ׵У԰Χǰģֻǰһյ·ƵĹԶԶչȴһԵĴڵ˴룬ֻ͸ҶĵӰ
ֲڿڴ˵˵Ƣǡ
˰죬űĳ߸֡ͦϲġ
޺֪ԼҽƢ˵ӣΪҲǹֱ˵ҪǳԷ򵥵Ļܽͱˡ
ڹ˵ģϲ޺ӿɲͬ⡣
Ϲ˵ѵġ
ƲסԼʲôˣ
ǰһ£̲סͷһۡ
ʶԼЩ
ͷֱظһ䣺ˣ
Ҳ֪ԼǾȣбأԼڵЩ΢
޺ӣ԰̸˿һ˰ɡ
ǲмʧ䡣
û뵽Ȼѡ
*
Һ߽վظ˵ҾܸǸܣе˼
ҷô⡣
ҵУСĵ㡣
ң
Һסĵط˹վͷֿˡ
Щģó֡
ղ빤£ʲôҪӴѧУѧ֪ʶõʵУҪһЩʱʵģְȻţġ
ҶûʱȥµסַһסҵķӣоЩ˷ѣûʶҪģȻڻǿ֧⣬Ǿô˷ѣǲÿ춼Ǯȥһ
룬ҪסĵطĻʵҪס޺ӵѧУͦõģһռϵľˣԼҲʡһЩʱ䣬пյʱȥѧУܲȫ
ţҸ޺ӷ΢š
ңҹעһ£ѧУûзӳ⣬һһ
ûãĸͻȻһ룬֪޺ӻϢˡ
ҽ΢š
޺ӣУȥ㿴
ҹص΢ţ衣
صѾŵˣڷó٤棬ڿֻ̿٤̳̣㿪Ƶ
ܻؼҶۣһҪ٤οһڰ칫ǰţҪϺüӣٲ˶ĹͷҪӲˡ
˶꣬ѾǰӺˣһٵϴ˸裬̱ڴϣһգ˯ˡ
գˣԡңžԼݹԪһ졣
Ҽ򵥵ϴ˸ϴ꣬ԼһԾͳš
˾ﻹûʲôˣһɨذڸ΢Цظͷ
صԼλϣ򿪵ԣʼоܽƳһµӪȻԼĶܸڹ˾˼ǰҲԼΪһܿĶ
ʱ򣬾ͿڵǰӾǹ˺ܾá
Լİϣ£ҵĵĻǲƷĽܡ
ɵظпӣ㻹Ĺƴġ
۾ûӣһһϣ
죬ҶǱ״̬ӭ壬Ҳȵ޺ӵĵ绰
Ҳ޺ӦøҺסַ
ι
޺ӣ㣬ѧУˣһһǧ壬¥һҾѧУԶһ㣬۸Ҳǧ壬·ҪʮӣǶ¥Ҫһң
죬޺ӰҷӣҲ˽ģһʼ޺ҵǼ¥ģžңˣǹһ¥ûݣÿ¥ö۰ϰѾˣҪ¥˵Ҫٰһң¥ûôߵġ
޺ӱǾܾģ˽ԼҽԸôΪ¥߾Ͳˣ
˵˵˵ףóϰȰ
޺룬ù˵Ļеģֻһȥңڸѡ
붼û룬ȻҪѧУǼ䰡
޺Աһһ㶵ġ
Ůˣô£
޺ó˵ǣϰôۣ¥
û˵꣬Ҿʹ㻹˽Ҫʮ¥ĻǾ͸ˡ

ڻ棬ողҵǼҹ¥Ķ¥ǼС¥£ǽվţͲ΢סҡͷŮˣȻһ˵ͷ˼
ҹ˵绰Լ޺ӸһңȻĶǺܹܶ࣬黹е㶫䣬ӣװ·Сӣͦĳߣôһͦģ
һ˯9룬Ѿкһҵᡣ
ҷ˸Ŵһᣬϴ
ҳͣ˿ʱ䣬ʮ㣬޺ӷ˸΢š
ң³ȥһ˳㿴һ
ͷ޺ӵϢˡ
޺ӣá
޺Ӹҷ˸λԼС¥µ
СȻЩª濴ȥҲʼˣܿóһ޵ϷˣΧĻ£Ҳܸɾÿܶ˴ɨ̻Ҳúܺã̻ռҲܴ󣬿ΪСݱȽ磬ݻʲҪǻڣУضΣߵ̻Ǽڵġ
޺ڱͤĴ졣
ҵʱ򣬾Ϳ޺Ӹĵó졣
޺ӡһ
޺ӿԼҽˣ˵ˡˡҽȥ
ҽ촩һУĳŽţп㣬ͷȫںһβٲȻһղѧѧѾϰ塣
ֻ¥޺Ӹҵǵһһȥֹգߴʮ׾͵ˣһ·֦Ҷïʢݾ࿪š
ҺϲôµĵطѾˣﻷһѧܱкܶóԵģͨҲݣûӣѾ¶Ҫס
¥̫̫Ѿŵˡ
һԼĪʮŮˣһͷɵľݺܾ£˺ÿüëʩ죬ݹٲȻһŵģҶҪˣԼô󣬻ǸʮͷŮˣȻױ̫ᡣ
ЦŸк̫̫ãҡ
̫̫ɳظ죬ãպҺ̾УѾܵ˵ˣⷿ㿴úʵĻھͿǩͬ
߽ȥܣɳһӣһ˵ɳһɳɳɫľɳЩᣬӰۣӺɳӦ׵ġ
̫̫Ҵ˵ɳã֮ǰµģĴҲãȻЩˣõģҪԼеĻҲԽ˰ߡ
תһȦվſڣ
ﲻһһľʴȴ򶫱ߣƿһĻɫĴһЩ͸ֽֽţӦһסġ
ͦϲģɨɨһ»ͦɾġ
ðˣԼҲûɳʹЩ°ɡ
̫̫Ц߹㻹ǩͬ
û뵽ǰסߣһֻˣֿԼˡ
Һͷǩ˺ͬ󣬸޺ӳ˸緹Լհҡ
޺£Ҳû
ӣҽϹɣܱǿ
Ҷ£뵽С壬𣿡
޺ԥˣֱ̫ˡ
аɡ
һν㣬Ըͽɡ
УȥҸ˵˵
޺ȥæһʼһᣬܿʣﲻҰҹ˾ʲô죬ԼҲö֡
޺һǲҲ֪ι
ҲɣңǮҲǴģʡʡ㡣
£Ҫ˰ҹ˾Ͳܽ
ȥɣԼҲе뺷Ůӣ
һڴӦ
Һ޺ӳԹ緹󣬻صͿʼʰ
һЩòϵĶȫһŪһ͹ȥˡ
˯ˣ컹Ҫһᶫ

 5 

һ죬Ҿˣҷ˸ͷڱܿ̽ͷһϴ
޺Ӻ͹ʱѾԹˣеĶ߰˰ˣԭСķ䣬ԵøխеĶڿ
޺ɨһۿҲرණֻйţ⻹ࣿ
ҿˣʣԹ𣿡
޺ӱͦģȥŸ𴲣㶨һУʱѾˣԣǾֱӹ
ֱ˵û
תͽ˳ú¯ϴˮ
Ҵ򵥵ˣһ뵽үҲ֪ԲԵ£ּ˵
򿪱ʱֻʣˣֻʣһֲǺܺãɴˡ
Ұ˳Χȹϲ˲ɳϵܵܣ԰ɡ
һԼǹܼŵĸоڷСƨ
ۣķֻ࣬һ嵰һֻһ
ʿĹֱƹ嵰ĸ޺ӡ
ҿˣ죬Сƨͦ˵ģ
ͦʿȵģ
ȡΧȹ˵Ǹġ
ԾԼĴȻ׵ܻܵạ̃ŶһԵ޺˵˾䡰˼ˡƷȻֻǼ򵥵嵰ڹرζҲ֪ǲûԱֻǸߴ֪
޺ӵؿ˹˹ĳĹʣµһԡ
֪ܶ¿үֻдүԼС
Ҿڶɳˡ
ϵֻʱͻȻһ£Ļˣ΢Ŵڵ
۾ǰһ£֡ɼ
۶ңɫֻذַ¡
ͷԡ
ǰɼ˵Լ׼Ҫңָ˵ѾˣϰᣬϢοʡ
˾˳΢š
ǳԹͣϴɾȻʼʰѳ߶
޺վ󣬿æǰæ
ӣҪ
һͷһۿѾõĴСȰЩᵽ¥°ɣǸװǼͷóװãȻȥɡ
ǸҲǺܴҲ͵޺ӵĶӣӦûʲôѶȣұļҲˣûˡ
޺ȥͷóӣװ䣬Ŵ֡
˿ʼȥ
Ҵ绰˾Լһ˾æ˼Ҿߣæ
ʰеĶҲʼһȥ
ȵеĶˣù޺ȥǱߵķӣȥԿ׻Ȼ˾ĳȥ
Ҹ˾СʱѾվˣӦҲǸողŵ
һѳϵļҾ߰˾ȿˡ
޺ȱűߣұһװ·СߣôͣԼҲʾѡһҴһӱߡ
ǰ˵ĽýӰԼҪˡ
вУӣڷϢһᣬּ
ڿϢһᣬոһ¥ģһڲ
˺üˣڿˣֻʣһ䡣
׼ȥˣ˵
ҵƣôԱһŮӿ
ֱȥ
ԭȫ˶Ĺ˵ѾǺܴ˶ˣϢѾˡ
Щᣬߵһ̨׵ʱ򣬷䣬˦˦֡
Ҹں棬۳
ˣԼ
𣿴СͰӵˣôŮοŮ˻һֱƲ
ΪˣôҪסԼӡ
ָ£ҵǰ
ãͺá
ұ˵ͺܽСˣ˼̨ףԵøСˡȻʵϲ
һֻš
ҽԽԽ
ва
Ҫ޺ǰܾͻ˵ԼˣǣŮǰԼҪϵġ
ԴǣС
ƨ
ϵ¥ԼҪ̱ˣֽŷֳܱ
СѶóʼ
̱ɳϿԼĶ޺ӾŪ䡣
Լһǧ׶ûôˡ
ϸĵӣʼһ˿ꣿ
˵ԵɣͺСʱȥ߳ߣԼϲߣ̧׼õʱȴһʧͲһӿ
ҰӰ˵ĶһóϣóһľƵ򣬴ƴ󣬸ϣ̲ס˳
Ȼ
һ˺ҵĺӰ
һƬӦڴʢʱĵģ˶÷ؿġ
ǣ˻ܳ󣬱ģ۾ҲСÿֻǱҸ˲ͷ
һ˿Ĳ²⡣
ԥʳѣ
̧ͷ򣬴󷽷ϣ԰
Ȼͷʰ
ĻҪԭˡ
еĸ䲻
ܿ죬ԼóֻͺɫĻԼӢͦıôƬǿʮ
֮󣬹Խоӿˣܿ죬ֱ𣬾ˣȻӵҡ
Ǻǡ
óһۣҲһŮˡ
˺һʱ䣬ࡣ
˿ʱ䣬Ѿ12ˡ
ſŵˣ˵߰ɣȥԵ㶫
˽š
û߶ã͵ѧУſڵʳ֣Ϊܶ඼ѧУѧ翡ഺһš
ҿĴǸʳҲ֪óʲô
ǣѯߵĸ߹ˡ
Ҫʲô
߹ɨһȦڵֶֻɽ亣ζָһҳ۵꣬٣ֱˡ
֪ҿ϶򵥣ŻǲҪƷ̫ˡ
ҳԾ⹫Ӹ羹Ȼųζȣ嵭ĳۣ
У߰ɡ
˱Ƚ٣ϲҲȽϿ졣
Եһ룬һ
ͷһⲻѣ
̧ȥ͸ˣһȽݣһȽ֣˵ǸǸӡ
߽кһҺ޺ӣʣôԳۣ
һĿԼϵ֣Լڼġ
вС
Ŀ޵ң
ˣǸø͸ȥɣҪˡ
ǸһңЦĪаŴү緹ˡ
뿪
ָֻƽ
Աҿڶ޺Ӻ͹
޺ӣ¸һȥҸһ㡭
ϵе㳤
ңԸ£Ҳȥ
ǲģ˼ҴæҲһ˼ˣҲ̫ã
ҵ۽ޣˣȥɡ
ԼΪϱ̤
ִⲻߣУҾҪȥ

Ź
С¥ݱȽխ˲ߣԵӵˣŶ¥
ǰ棬Ź޺
˶Ĭ
ϵ¥ҴӿڴóԿ׿ţģһЩϣкܶӶû𿪣Ϊ˵ԭ򣬵Ҳ˺ܶҡ
˷ֹ޺ӸҸң
ҽңװ׵컨Щںڵ֩׼ȥɨѡ
պùɨڿ
ңɨѸһȡ
ݸ
ҽӹɨѣߵǴ֩ɨҪŪ
˵ģȽϸߡ
ڿ־ɨѵʱұߵ½Ҳˣ¶׻ϸסˣʱԼҪ˵ڵĻ
ҽ촩Ǽ򵥵ĻɫTſɿ㡣ŽҪᶫûдһЩķװվŵʱ򣬻ɫTҲֻǿסϸһ̧׵øţһ¶˳
űߣ˫ֱۣ㶵ؿǰ˶Ҳ˵
ҵܰףҺݣ֮ǰµһֻһȦȦס
Ϊ˶ϵʮԡ
һִԼ񿴼һֻ

 6 

һ¿ˮ۾һգգ
絷ġ
ʼЩޣԼﲻҡ
ҹ˺þãŪˣɨѵַ£ͶϹ񣬱ƽʱһЩҲɻؿ
رۣͺԼҹ͵Աץһ
ΪԼĵ뷨ؿ
Ť˵𣿸Ұɡ
ҿֵֹģɨѸҲû˵ʲô
ͷԼװ磬ȫûⰡ
ɻܿͱ֮Ժ󣬿ʼ˸
Ū˽һ磬˼ҵĸоһжȸոհʱöˣ࣬Ҳܰ
ҿʱ䣬ĵʮ֡
˵ȥˣ޺󷹣Һܿͻġ
޺ӣŶ
ãԼû¸ˣ
˵СӣҸһȥ˰ɡ
⻰һڣվͱú΢ˡ
Ȼƽʱ޺ӻӣҲǺܾһ㶼ֱ㣬Ȼֱӽˣ˸С
޺Ҳ΢΢죬ԼҲ㣬Ҳûʲô
ԼҲ£û뵽ԼĻ˵ˣܿͻָ򶨣ŮҲܲʲôô
£عֻСƨûûСҲû⣬޺Ҳ㡣
ɫ˵˾䣺㻹ɣúϢ
̣ˣҲϢ
ƾ仰ŶҪȥ
ճСܾùҲ̫ʣ˸СоֵֹģֲʲôϵܵˣŹֱŤġ
£˵㲻Ҫӣұ꣬Ӧýҽ㡣
Ϸӣ㲻Ҫռұˡ
ûʲôռˣ
ռˣ
оݵ޺Ӵ£ֻ޺Сһ£ұС߸£ո˵꣬ѵռұ𣿡
ң
߻꣬Ͱˣ֪гУбꡣ
ܿҵСĳС
ʱ㣬е˲Ǻܶࡣ
սУ׼ƳƳҿȥ
·ʳ˹ǵһҾ˺ܶʳƬСɣתͷʹҪʳ𣿡
ҡͷҲϲʳ
ϴҲûע⣬ֻǼǵ޺ʰʱأҲ֪ûгԡ
Ŷ
ߣԽԽòԾ˵ֵֹġ
˻ԺклߣȼոյĹУ˲ը˻γһ뷨Ҹλ÷ˣֻӦŮģôһͷˣ񡭡ҳ裿
ҡͷҪֵ뷨ȥ
ע⵽˹Ķòæһ粻еʵôˣ
ң˵û¡
ңŶ
ߵһߣһʣʲô
û뷨С
뵽֮ǰҵʱرϲǴŹǣպĶ棬һһؼУԵýζҴ̵ǴŹǶǱһ˸ɵ
ͣ½ŲűŹǣҿϴκͦϲǴŹǣ
תͷ
ȷʵϲǴŹǣֻû뵽ԭע⵽ˡ
ֺǺǡ
ϲ
ҵͷе뷨õȷϣŶĴ˵壬һŹǰɡ
ЦŴӱóһŹǣڳϣ˳ƣõնһ飬ȥƣȻ͸װ˵ݸҡ
ֽӹ˵˾䣺лл
ΪһˣŹЦЦ񿴵˵ţСڡ
á
˼ǰߣ˰鼦⣬޺ӱȽϲİм
ߵͣģһһ÷ϸ
֪ѡı׼ʲôЩʵģҲҪܳģģҲҪ
ббվţֳƳϣϾؿǰŮˡ
ѡתͷͿһؿԼ

ոǸģ
վøֱûʲô
·Ʒʱҿ˸ʽţ̣뵽ԼıͱÿյģһЩȥţȡ
ÿһţ̶óͬһӵţ̣ҶҪòͬĿһۣ̫Ĳ
ʣôÿһֶ
ͷҲûַ̧ŻȥһƿҿһֱȽϱˡ
̾˿Ůڼּңйϱ
ɣϲĸĸҶ򡣡
ҵߴţ̧̺𣬿ɫؼ۲졣
ϲ˵ġ

ӹѡţ̣ණˣȥˡ
ŶӵʱҿһĶпһô˹ȻôණԼǲãȻӦҲò˶١
ǰмţӺֵǰһ£жüǮˣҺ͹Ǹ˳ִԱߵļһб׵ݸԱ
һȣһۣϾŲߡ
ǰˣֵҺ͹ǰƳĶһһóҺȻˣոʲôôȻôҪĶ
һץס׼ö֣Щȱ򵥣ˣú򵥣ȥȥͻأܿġ
ܿںĴǰŮĶԻ׼ԼĶó
Ц˵˼壬򵥡
ȻƳĶȫóԱ
ҶϤһӾҵηŵλá
λȥʱ򣬹Ѿվˣһһӡ
Ŷӣ굥ߵߣǳ𣬡ôûҵģ
̲˵һ䣺˵Ҹ򡣡
˻֣˵ηŽɡ
ңŶ
ҷŽȥ׼ӡ
ۼֿջ֣Ӹµؿþͺá
̧Ⱦſߡ
Ҹϡ
Ǿòףһмţ̣϶أǸһɣȻ۵ġ
˵˾䣺ã˲ۡ
ң
ҲǷκ˵ǮǷ飬Ƿ鷳顣
£˵컨˶Ǯһ㡣
붼û;ܾã˵Ҹ򡣡
Ҳᣬ챾鷳ˣôܻǮ
Ůˣǲ飬ͲŹ
ˣ´ҳԷˣ
룬䷹
ˣƽϣ˱Լ
صС¥ݵʱ򣬹ҴŮǰ
ڻصĴӷϣԼֱ۶ҪˣҲֻ˻Ρ
޺̧һֵۣͷϷôô
ҰѶȫóҪĲõ
Ķеࡣ
һɢһ̱ɳϣֻԴ޺ӣŴ
޺Ҫ͵Ϯæ˵Сĺ档
޺ӿٵز㿪ˣŻ̧ͷ۹ôøһ
һ۳ķȻһۣ죬Ϸȥ
ڳæոϴͽˣվ
ҪҰæ𣿡
һͷһۣϢˣ

˻ɢ̨ϣȥȥϴ
һۣûԼԼġ
ڼЩϴǿԵģ
ҽŹǳãȻ
ͷһ۹ѲĵҶȫժһƬһƬϴ

̾˿ε˵㻹Ǳϴˣҵϴ
ִⲻߣԼϴøɸɾ
Уôܰ׳أ
ǻǮġ
ϽӻΡ
ң
˻ִͦŵģҾȥˣû
ã޺ӸϽϴֳԷ
Ұѷ˶˹ȥõ㣬ֱȥˣ̵֣ŵߴ
ע⵽Ķæ߹ȥôˣ
˵û£ֱֿʳָָ̺һƬȥˮ˵һ䣺ֱš
޺ӽʱ򿴵ľҺ͹һ
أ
Щ飬̹̹ػش𣺡̵ˣˮ
޺ӣһˣʲô
룬ЦŲһ䣺Ĵˡ

ҿаװָЦȷʵͦġ

˴ӣҹصˮͷˣԷɡ
Һ档
Էʱ𣬡ѧϰѧô
޺Ӵ𣺡ãҲѧͦ˼ġ

һ۹ƺʡأ
һǴŹǷŽ
ҲܣͲø㱨˰ɣ
һظԼֻС߸¡
ؿڣ㲻ǱС߸⻹ǵܵܣ


 7 

Ͳ˼
޺ô֪С߸£
ңԼ˵ġ
޺΢ЩԾؿŹ԰Լ
ǴŹǣûܡ
֮޺Ӻ͹뿪ˣסСȷʵѧУܽ빨޺ӵ΢Զһ㡣
˵·ͬһαֿˡ
صᣬǸӣлڣϴϷ̧ͷߣǹֵܿͷϷ
ǸŮ˭
صԼţȷʵۣͷαϡ
ʲô¡
лڣⲻǹ𣿡
ûƣһ죬ֻ˯Ͷ붯
лڼ˵ҿǸŮĿ϶ܺá
˵ƶ
죬ʣô֪
лϷˣһ䡰ݡֻŵϡ
͵㿴ֱôҲܺãһǸӡ
һû뵽һӶЩô˽⣿
лЩ˼ǰ͵ŮԾͱȽ
´һлڣӶܽŮѣ
ù뵽ҵѣĲС
л￴Ŀ㺬壿
Ʋ˵ģ
ڸпйŮѵġ
˵лھ͵ó˺ü¡
ùӸеԾˣԼһû̸֣û˧˾ȻйΡݡ
ûжҲΪԼûĶŮҲй׷ˣֻÿζǲôоû취ĸоڻһѵġ
лڼԼΰ¼С
ҪķգȫңҾǸõʦ
˼Űɣĳһ䣬ģ
лڣġô׷ǸŮ񣿡
ҵĳƺظһ䣺ߣ
лڻ˸š
̾˿лվߵߣֵܣȻÿŮ˺׷ǲҪŮ˺ġ
סҪ֣ŵ˵Ӱӣ⣬ǰɡ
ͣһ£Ѻļ˵꣬ѡ
л̲סʲôϲĻ
Σּ˵ҲǣױôÿҪǻױǼֱŮ·ж

⣬һˣ˵ˣȥ̨·ϴϢ
лڿô޾ɣΪǰıʹǰȥοûϵûڲǽţֻвŬĥ룬ֻҪ˼ʱ䣬Ϲ
Ź̨·Ѿ˱˵Ĺ
ûû£ֵҪסصƿΪһСġ

ûҪҵĸ飬
ˣ㲻˵ˣֹ
лΪǲ֪ܣᣬ˵û£Ӧûûô
ֱ·ëԡҡ
лʼ磬ȥϷˡ
*
ǰʱ۲߻ܡˣҾķ滮ȻлһЩĵط˵ǺܺõģͬһЩöҪá
ҲҸˣ٩ϲϲ˽ҳԷɣ
ҲģԼûа׷ѡ
УҼңԣŶˣҰˡ
Ҳ֪ҵ֮ǰסĵطȷʵеԶһסһȷʵЩ˷ѡ
ڰ˼ңҲȥסĵط
ȻӦ
ٽĩʱ򣬹ֿʼķˣԼˡ
һ뷨ǹͷл˻һֱ߶ģ
óֻҪϵԼû΢ţҲûĵ绰
Ҫ޺ҪĻҲãܻᱻ֣
˸ȥ޺ӣ޺ϴ衣
ԡ޺ӣֻһ¡
޺Ӻܲ죬ͻȻ
ԡĻʣôͻȻˣ
ϵֻ·Ǵֻˣ绰ֻǶ٣
޺Ӹ򿪻ϴ衣
ùֻҵtӢĸϵˣɨһۣͿӣϰƬƸԼȻɾԼĶԻ򣬺޺ۼ
Ÿ޺˵һˡ
ڿóֻ޺ӷϢϲΪѡ
*
°صңԹ˶꣬óֻȻΪѣ
㿪һһͷ񣬿ӦǸעҾ֪˭ˡ
Сӣҡ
ܶ˽ӣǽСӵľֻһˡ
Ȼ֪Ŀģͨˡ
ûãϢ
Сӣĩȥ䷹
룬ԼϴȷʵûܾҪ䷹Ҫ󣬷ҲҪԷǾһɡ
ܿ죬ҾͻأϹɡ
룬ַһ޺ӡ

˳͹ԻػԼܾûиɼˣҵɼһ쾹ȻǰҵǴΣûҲû
ãθҪꡣ
ʶʱΪУ˻ᣬһʱҲΪһУ˻ᡣҴʱ򣬲μŮǧףǡòμǧףǧ׽ֵŮǧףǰȥ¼׼СľײɼŵæǸϾ˼ҿ˶Ա¾׼ϳɾͲˡ
ڽѧ¥ʱҲ˼Σ֮󣬾Ǿ˰༶꣬˾͸ˣ֮ϵʽ˽£ɼҽԼҼΡ
ʵû̫ĸоһֱǸϸԸҲ̫˾϶ϵһεУ˻Уҿɼǧ׵ӣȻģЩҲ֪һ˲䣬һ棬ҵ񾭣ʼ˲
ưͣɼͱˣ˳µһ𣬸Ҳƽƽ
һ˻ԴЩ飬ϴ裬˯ÿӻҪġ
˯Ȼ˸ֵΡ
ǳϦҹһϣһĿڼҳҹϰ˷ʢļȣӻŴĿӵСûа취谭һĿڿĵ죬ʱŶ룬һͷȻǹ糾͵ظǼңɫ߷߲ƽ
ʱ㲻ڼҳҹôˣ
⣿
һһ߽ίؿ˵ǳҹΪʲôңǲһ𣿡
˲䱻ˣŻ谵ķ䣬תͷ£Զĸ¥õ޺ƻ˸˫סԼôΣ
Լش𣺡϶Ϊ̫ˣԼͰ޺һĵܵܣ
ţϮ˯ȥˡ
ҶȽУҪǺǰһ޸ӪĲ㡣
ܿˡ
һͳȥһгˣĲ˱Ƚʡ
˻еʳȷŽ䡣
*
޺˵һȥԷ޺ӻˡ
޺óֻ¼ûи˵°ô֪
Ҹ˵ģʲôʱ򣿡
⳶һڣϴҸȥˣ˵ġ
޺ӲŵŹôû˵Ҳܵܰɣ
ܵеУꡣ
ͷ˵ҲŲܵܡ
޺ӣ
*
ʱˣܣ⻹УװúмҵĸоȻ󣬵㹻ˣһŮ˵
һţͿ˷ЬϵĺӰЬȻ֪һжˣ֮ǰҲһƬȻǸʱѾ˲õӡ󣬵һοʱǾáʻţϡ
һѾ
ҵӣû˵
ֻί˵ѻԽԽɫĹ
ҿӱó׼ϴ
ͷɫ
Ҫ˵
ô֮󣬡ǳͦɫģǺǡ
˵֮Ц
ŻЬϰ߽ɳϡ
뵽ʲôִӳ˵ҵܺҲҪ
ԭҵƵϣϲʣ̫ˡֿԿСˡ
ң
޺ӵʱڳϴˣ׼ʼ
ɳֻȥš
еĿϴһԷҵͬ£òصͷȥ
Ц˵˾䣺С˧˰
޺ȻЬȥ档
׼Ьóһ˫ЬʱÿϴοźӰ

 8 

Цô
ҲԼ֮һȣͺ¶ȼڲϵͻҵļޡ
ЬƬԼǰɪֱӰϣ۲Ϊ
ɳϸԼֻҲŸԵ¡
޺μһ磬ܶ࣬ŮҲܶ࣬ȻŮĿĵȻΪѧϰĴ򷨣۵˧磬һ΢Ⱥ˵Ҫһȥſ޺ӵȻȥϲ̫֣ڶûҪһȥҹ
Ǳ˵ģңǿɼʵܡ
λ˧ԣ̲ס͵һ24Ů꣬ô˵˧ԿǿżįѾõģҪܰ˧磬ˡ
޺һ߿ֻϢһȥϴɾѣųæµңܲζ飬һѳԡ
˵ִ˻ȥ
һжҪļС
ûбֳװͷֻ
ȥϲڳæң̲סҪԼϲá
սҵĶϣСС˵ӣҾܸǸ϶һȡ
𾪣ͷֻɫޱȡ
ô֪
ʮֿ϶͸ո˵Сûпۡ
Ůֱ
ҰŰɡ
ȵеĲ˶ˣҺһ˳ȥ
ѣ̲ס˸ۣ޵޺Ӻ͹
Ұһ˶˳ʱ͵鹨ι̧ǡãĿԡ
˼ʱ㡣
ģ²ǲǷʲô
ѵ֪Լ飿
ոҵеֹζ
òİɣ
Ҹװ÷Щ㶣룺ôΪڰԼĵܵܣ
ÿӵݸǵʱȻΣѵǸε˼ǹһ𣬶ܣ
ôԣ
뷨ֱ
ֶһ£ӵڵϡ
졣
һع񣬶Ź˵˼͸ȥϴɾ
ҴҴ뿪ıӰʼˣǲķʲôȻĻôͬº޺ÿӵʱûŪƫƫ
һٷĸλԻ˼
Ҵ˵ӣ뵽Լϴţ̻ͦúȵģóָǺһ㡣
ȥϴӡ
޺ӿһ겻ᣬȥʣôˣĲɵģ
һ޺ӣΪɳƿû£õúܡ
űӳʱ򿴵ľһ棬ең
ϵıץøˣչȥôС
Ҹÿ˵һţ̡
ع۲ˡ
ҪҶͷƤˣűӵ̲סӴȡ
ôǵһһô飬ôˡ
ʼѰ
Ե޺һһϷ޺Ҳû͸һϷ
ҸŹ˾飬۹⻹ǻʱʱˡ
һ׼ؼˡ
޺ӵϷҲˣҲ׼ᡣ
ҿǶҪˣ˿ʱ䣬Ű˵룬磬Ҳϰࡣ
ҳȥߣ˳ǡ
ĸشŶӻЬ
Ьһ̧Ϳ˵˵򣬲ҸոսʱǰôͻȻˣ
˵ţְ
Ҳ֣˵Ǻȵİô͵أ
οûٴηŵˣһĿ֮¡
ĸ˳СΪ޺ѧУſڣĸ˻˳·
·ѧУſڵʳ֣ΧһƬʢľ󣬺ܶѧ극䣬̲Ķŵ·ˡ
ߵڣ˵
ߺ޺Ӷ˵㻹ȥ𣿡
۹뵽ѧУиȥߣʳ
޺ӣŶ
һ֮޺Ӻ͹ǲͬ·ģλڹǱߣ޺Ӹкˡ
ţ˶û
֮ơ
ż»סڸ˼Ҳںɢ
룬ڵ㡭㲻Ҫǲҵܡ
һĳһ֣
ɫˡ
Թת÷ɿ죬ô鲻ǷϲǾԼܣ
Ůõʲôǻ֮ʣ
УŮǲϹˣôܲܣ
ζǣСӣܣѻ˵
Ϊ߳ŭ˵ҿҵȥģ㶼Ҫţ⻹ǲ𣿡

ûܣл㣬޴Ůˣ
뿪ڽֲ֪ͣô˵źã˵ԼϲɣУ˼ж󣬻ţԼǸͬ־
ǽѡ
Ҵ˼·˵Ұ軹ҵܽӵģһ˶š

´һ۹һ˵ңҲֻҪһϱҪһܵܡ
ƤЦⲻЦػӦ
Ҳܵܺðɣ
ưͳԻпԡ
ε̾һûУֱС
ҺɵؿһۣԲţģ
ǲԼַģؿɼҹϲˡ
֣ˣˣ㡣
ּźɢ
İɢ
ʱҵֻͻȻˡ
Ҵӿڴóֻһۣɼ
Ұ½ֻͨڶϡ
ι
ֻһߣԸ绰˵ʲô
ѧУ

Աûͳɢʳ

С

ţǺãҲǣݰݡ
ҷֹֻ
ʲôһ
￴ң
ոǸ𣿡
ôôʣ
ֱ׳ǰôˡ
ıۿɼٶȱˣú΢˵ոеŭĻھ͸ŭˣ
ҾĪĺ룬²͸
һߴ֪ˣ
ոԼ˵ͬ־ˣȻ󿴵ԼѴ绰һ칷Ӳģ
ҿǰƯŮӭ߹̲ס࿴۹Ҳͷ΢΢ο㲻ѹԺͻŮѵġ
ǣЦһ
Ůӵһ¡
ʱҲˣҵ»ȥҪ٤ˡ
׼ȥˣҲȥɣݰݡ
תߣֹתһߣɻؿ㲻סǱȥ򲻶԰ɣͿˣ
һһģȥһŮӲȫ
ãôһȥұ죬οҪ٣ܵûûҿɣ

һ㱻ץסˣһ㡣
Ƿѣһһֱͷϵ𣬿Ʋס
˵ȥ
ҹֱĸԺŮƽȵĹģȫ벻ҪչԼʿȡ
ˣġ
ֱǿͣ½Ųʹ㾢棬΢΢ǰ忴۾ͷشĻŲҷס졣
ҿŽߵůɫĹâϣÿһëֳֺڣŨܣ۾ƫɫģЩס
û˵ˣץߡ
ҾñϾȷʵΪ룬Ҳû಻ı飬Ҳ͹˳ˣû˵ֻǾϵץеһ£ûǯƣŵϵӰӣһǣɢ
ץеۡ
Ϸſ֣˵˾䡰Ǹ޳⡣
·ֵĽֵұײһ£Ǵ
ʱ֣ס
վˣϾɿûռˡ
䲻һ䣺𣿡

 9 

룬Լȷʵûҹ
ᣬôˣȣ
ѧѧɣҪԡ
ң
͵¥¡
ҿΧܣֻ״·ҫŹԣǵӰӱúܳӰӵڹ棬ͺ
ңллһ·Сġ
š
ûҲûƺڵȱ˴ж
һ
գգۣȥ
ȥȥˣߡ
£û˵ǰɼҲ¥£һ㶼͵ˣ˸뿪¥ɼֱߡ
ûˣǵһ
һعŶһת¥ڽݵĹսǴվû
ϵ¥ţ˵ƣߵ濴պ뿪
˵ʲôо
*
ᣬ·һұ꣬һ뵽ҸոǸģ뵽绰ǸӵõҪݺݵطйһ١
ƿŽȥơƣᡣ
صᣬлڴϷ̧۹ּϷ
Լλϣơƣһźȥ˹˵
һֹлڿôͲµ˴š
ιҲһ£ҪһɣҪŮˣŮǧǧ򣬲Ƿ߲ɡ
һۣл֪Լˣ˲ġ
ĵðһ䣺ҪݷǸϽ֣

ûãĶԴҲˡ
һ˦ţšءһϡ
лڿôҲô𱬣
ôˣ
߷߲ƽǰʱ䲻׷Ǹѧϵϵ𣿽Ȼˣҡ.ģ˷ʱ䡣
лڿۻںȾƵĹѶΪ
ôҲϲĻ
겻Ҳ
лڼ˵ǽǣҪҹ˾ʱ飬ĵã
ͷ˾䣺.ܱܲ졣
лڿźʼ硣
֣һס֪ڵǷ𣿡
Ÿȥϴ衣
꣺
ԼơƣԼ־ԽԽˡ
ޣΪʲôԼСͿʼȾƣڶǧԽԽѡһʲôˣӿͷ
*
ھͿҪˣϰֲԼҶӼ𳵣˾ȥҲӡ
޺˵Ʊˣĳ˳ӡ
лʹҪôؼңֽ˾
лڸпҲиǮϰ֡
һ˹˵רܲŮѣûʲô
뵽ҪҺ޺ӣλòˣֻܾܾ
ʮһ죬˾ȥ޺ӵ¥£޺ϳˣ˾˵ȥҵС
޺ֹȥˣӹŻȥ
ʲôΪʲô
޺һϵȫһ˵ѽٻȥ
ҧۡ
˾˵˾䡰ؼҡ
*
ٷżٵǰһյϢɼҪ˵顣
Һ޺˵ܸһȥ
һ죬˯˸ʱɼˣҲûʲôȥѡõĲԷ
ҾӦˣ·ʮ죬Ĵָ򿪶ԻҲûʲôҪ˵ģɼĿľǸķ¡
ɼԼǵһԼʱԷʳá
ڵʳûûʲôˣֻɢɢʮˣҲ٣ɹѡʽҲࡣ
ûд򷹣ѡһλŵɼ
ɼһʳõʱͿԶôҫۣôĿһ۾ͿԸô˵أڸϳٶۣĮΪ˴ȫͬһܶŮӣʵϣԼŮһ㡣
Ҳ֪ǲθڣ֮һֱǲ䲻ÿԼᶼйһĸƣ
ɼ߹ȥ£Ҳ̧ͷ˵ˣ
ɼֻһûټҲ֪ʲôоѾҪɢˣЩѾҪˡ
š
˵ֱӣżɽʵԹģֻ˵Ҳһġ
ɼЩ̸ȽϺãҲҪҸѡ
ŶһԭֻҪѣ˳ָ֡
ɼҲĨˣҲϲֱֱȥĸԡ
ǵĸ͵ΪֹɣǵĸԭͲᶨ
ҵͷȫͬ˵Դ뿪֮ԼҲûʲôı䣬ˣ
СǾ͵ΪֹɣףҵԼҸ
ɼҲǡ
ʳ߳ҾȻһ
ҿ۶򳡣ڿյģһ˶ûУȵ⽫ܵɹķǸʱǵһʱҲա
ʱ䣬ȷʵûʲôֵóҫۣ
˶ûΪԷһȦ
̲סпˣ̸ġ
صҴֻ˵ڶĻƱ
˿ʱ䣬޺Ӧÿ쵽ˡ
óֻ޺Ӵ˸绰
ཡ
ܿˡ
޺ӣι
ڴϿ컨壬ʣô𣿡
޺ӣûܻҪӲܵ
ңŶ
һ˵ĶԻԽԽơ
ŮֻڰæԼᵱУôһοʡԼĵܵܡ
ޱؿŴ⻺ƶĳȴ˵ĶԻһ
޺ӹ˵绰ĵ˵һ䣬Լ𣿻ܵûең
޺ôġ
⻰ôôأ
һɿĮ˵Ǹλõģ˭֪ȻûΪǾܾ˸Ѵ˳糵
ôһȷʵӦ
޺Ĺļ磬Ǹ˵ˣҪôǸ
ƿ֡
Ҫ
*
ҵڶһΪǹڣԳվϺܶˡ
վƱվӻصңЩƣ룬Թ緹¾˯ˡ
ļڣҲûʲôÿ壬٤ż޺ӣ塣
ڶ쵽ˣҾطֹȻһ춼û޺ӣǲԼϴ˵еˣ˵Ӵģ
̽Ե޺ӣιΪʲôûأ
޺ӿϵ̣˼һôߣڵ֪
޺ƶһӣ̧ͷңˡ
ЩĲɣŶ
޺뵽ϴûԼùѣȻѲ֪ܹǲõģ°ͣ˵ϴλʱΪ㣬ܾѴǸʱӦе˰ɡ
ӵһ˻ѹˣɺ޼³
һӣ룬ҪóԵĸǸ
޺ӿ̣Цӣˡ
ˣãȻصͷǡ
޺ϵֻ˸Ϣ
Ѿʼʰˡ
ʰãϢ˹
޺˵ˣæȥʱٹ˳ǣǲƱ
ңŶ
ںܿͽˡ
Լˡ
ιֱڸʻҸ޺ϳ͸Ǵкûٳһһһڡ
Ҳƨɣ˾һ
ΧЩ΢
صѧУ黹᲻û뵽һϲ˾ôĴˡ
ΪԼӭ˿֣ȴû֡
óֻΪѡ
һϢעлѽ

֣ôлڵѼӵȫʶˡ
Ȼɻ󣬵ˣ˵ʲôأ
һӣܿͷ˸Ϣ
ѽǽ㽻ѡ
ֵĸ߷壬һϢԭʲô飬뽻ѰϰĹֱɾתһ룬Ҳ̫ãϾѵѣֱɾ̫ˡ
תתȻ˸Ի
һ仰

 10 

ȷɡ

صԻ򣬻˻ӵԻԭôûˣҼ˺֮Ҳ˼䡣
ʹģҵȦһȦ漸ûʲôݣҲûǸĺӰϢ
龹Ȼ泩һЩ
ʮӣַϢ
󣬳˳ǣķ˸
㶼û㿪ֱӷһ䣺˼ҵļѧˮƽдߡ
һѧʲôѧˮƽ
лڻʱ򣬹˵һ䣺ôҵ΢Ƹˣ
лԩ֪ǸӲˣǷѣҪҪһŮ飬Ƹˡ
磬ǸŮҲܺÿԣ
ͷ
*
ҼڻȥҲͦæģҪ֮ǰ۲߻ƣʱ䣬ҲͱȽˡ
صʱҲ磬Թʱ仹ܳģҴ㿪ʼȥѧУǸҹܣϡʱֵٵʱ򣬶Һ죬ûܽܵȸо
һȦһȦ
Ъһ٤ֱ
ҳ˶
һе˶ͷȫþۣһ͸ǴѧѧˣɢഺϢ׵С㣬Ѿİ졣
ܵڶȦʱ򣬺ڽ
ͣǰĽŲͷŰԶмһȽϸߣһȽ֣һ֮䡣
ϳˣǸߵǹΪеԶ˵ʲôǸӣ˵˼䣬ˣ
ȵ߽ҲſֻŦ۵ĺɫĿûۣһɵп㣬̵ĺڷ΢΢۾·Щ࣬Ӧ⼸춼û˯ã״̫á
ֲ嶵ûʲô飬ô⣿
ҽԶ·ƵĹ⿴ŨڵüëϺ޸һߣЩᣬ飿
˳ɾǻǺš
̾˿ЩСƨôǳ𣿡

ҿüͷѯʣҲ˵Сƨ
㿴㣬Ҳϴ˵㼸𣿿㻹š

ԼĶһһġ
һûС
һۣʣôûˣ
ҿƽĺ棬һƬζ
ؿڣˡ
׺䶥õǽһӾ͵ˣһשһ߶ʣȫҷǿѾήѿֿʼð֦
ģ
仰ôܿƵģôô᣿οˣԼһ㿴Ϸζ
ȫû˸ոǸĮףϾǣ𾪣ȷţһ˿ϲ
ҷܿƵģҲ뿴
һԼı飬𴦡
ûУѹϢ
ң
һһȦû꣬ҲȥһȦͻȥˣɡ
ճƤһңܡ
ҵĮؿһۡ
㡣
ҺܣıӰԽԽã⼸ɢӭ˳
һȦҿǽ󣬲Ϊܲأ
̲ס䣺԰ⶼˡ
һֲе㼱ǰɵŮˣﶼǴдķ
Ǳġ
ЦЦͷβڲϣΪ˺ЩУͷŲӣЩȦסͷͷ˳βͷҲ˳һ˦
ҿ˶Ĺ촽΢ţ۾΢΢ֲһֱͦıЩ䣬ŴһЩ
׼ȥˣҲȥɡ
ֱͦؼҡ
ˣԼԵģҲܶࡣ
вУ߰ɣ㡣
ֲֻȥ
·һұ꣬뵽ϴȥҼԷʱıһƿţóǺˣڹıӦûţˡ
⧲رס󣬲ɵͣɻؿôˣ
һ¡
ңŶ
Ҿվ·ߵܿ죬ʹӱˣϻһŵţ̡
㲻»ȥʱ򣿡˵ȥС߳鷳
ġ
ң򣿡
ҭסˣһӲ֪λش𣬱˰죬ŵ˵Ҹͽ
ҾԼԹҪתˣ˵㲻ĵĻˬԼͽ͸ң
Լȫ߼
ԣ
ûҪ
εҡҡͷүǰܼҡ

ߵС¥£ҶԹ˵ˣϽȥɣҲˡ
ûʮһŽ⻹һء
ȥϵţ̣û֣ץøˡ
һûöʲô״
㲻˵ҵô֣
ָҪһ
Ƥ˵ҿˡ
ָţ˵㿪һƿȰ
Ҳϲţ̡
ң
ϴңһǺȵͦĵһھͺꡣ
ڵ˶ôƱ˵Ͳ
ҷɣҵˮȡ
һ۾ˣƨƨߵظ
¥ݵʱ򣬹̽Եһ䣺ӣϲ˶Ůһ㶼ϲôˣ
һȻѹôĸţ̣ԭҪ⣬ǰеʦ
ϲˣ
ڴؿԼӡ֤뷨Ůûӣⶼ˾֮İΣᣬһ䣺Ұʵġ
ҿˮ̨ס
ѡ
֪ŮһϲʲôкӣͶá
һ۹ϸ߲¥ݶͷһ׷ǧܵ÷ɿŮȣ˼Ҿ̫ܵȥˣǰλû˯ѣ
ҿͶԾȽϿ졣

ϵ¥óԿ׿ţ
Ҵ򿪵ƣЬͽȥˮ
鵽ЬϵĺӰְֱϡ
һ۳ķŮ˷ҲѺǰѵƬ𣿺Ǻǡ
Ҷˮ
ûЦһ˶Ůϲͬ͵ˣҲ˵϶ϣԼҲˣȰ˶Ҳ֪ǲ뷨ҵ뷨ģҾϣҵ˶ϸá
СһڣǰҲˣ
ҵͷ԰
Ŷ
ҿֻ˼ڣ˼ûмˮʵ㲻ǿôȶ㣿

װģغһ룬Ȼɳϣֱ⣬ٲȻһүݵģ
ҿûһˮߵļơ
ʼȱôȥ
ĲеˣЪһᡣ
ڵɳ£һִɳķϣ˭ո˵ôıģ
ҹ˼°ͣڳĳһλʿɣ

ɨһܣЬϵĳѾܲ۵Ķ
ָǱߣʵ㲻ǷôǰѵƬ׼𣿡

һۣǸֵˣֳŷվ߹ȥ˹ôǵոһЬʱ͵𣿡

ߵոյλ£ϸؿ򱳺Ǹ֧ŵıľҡţûʲôⰡ
ֱӴϽ˹ȥ
³š
ꡱһر࣬ھ׵Ŀռʮֵԡ

ַŶͷûۿ
ӹǸһصСļۣ̌ͷֻؿɳŶȣһոʲô鶼ûзģ·ոùȥҵĴ
ֱӽʬ塱ŵϣ㿴ĺ¡
׼Ǹ˵ҵŪˡ
ˣҸһµģвУϵġ
һ׼ǮϢ˵ģҿžͲˬ
ǸǷģ˻ðɡ
վһߵǰֻ֣ʹҡţҧгݣˣлл
ҿŪŤŭŻһЩ
ЩԼɳϡ
˶ԼԼջȵģԹضҿ
Ů˻ǲб
Ҷһ±ӣôе̬˵Ժ󻹸ҲŪҵĶˡ

 11 

ˣΪŮСҲ
һ⣬ҪȺţ̣òúȣ
ҿϷŵһţֽ̣һȡ
ڣģҺȹţúȵˡ
ҿţ̺УװҲܺÿһȺţһƬĲݵء
۹ⲻţȷʵúȡ
ŶҸԱ˵ţ̳һǮһֻеġ

ҵֽסǷһɵ硣
һ£ҪԺŮˣŮѳȥ֣ĿƷŮ˿ָʽĺÿ۷Ź⣬ɢؿһִۣαϣŶȣֱӶŵԱһ䡰İù
ǿҡ
ЦЦ
ǾŮеۣ˵ڼּҺܺãõģֵõġ
ڣţ̷ŵϡ
ҷүƢͦصģ
̹Ϊ٣ⲻͦõү򡣡

αǰ㣬ϥϣְֻ
뵽ʲôõע⣬Ƶؿң˵ζ
Сӣ϶ˬɣҪȤģ
ˣ͵ؿŹżЦݵüۣ˭˭㣿
ʶԼ˵©ˡ
촽ûǰѡ
ΪʲôҪ㣿
ǽɼ𣿿ҲߣҲŮ˵ߣԸֺ˸㡣

ʲô߼
ң˵Ȥʲô
ӦÿǰѺܲ˳۰ɣǾͰƬá
ҿ˵仰ʱ۾Щľͻ˼ǻĪֵаЦһִⲻǰѣǰѣָñȻƨ˵ǰѡ
ûп˳۰ҷ㿴˳ۣô㼵
ֱֱֱͦؿңôܼû˧ûҸߣҪǿЦ
㼵а˿鸹
ʮֳ֡
뷭ۣ˱ۣ֡
Ϊ˵ҵϣѵһ
ոպʣˮһơ
ҿ˿ʱ䣬Ҳʮˣû٤أţ̺ڣȥɣҵ»Ҫʮӵ٤ҪٴȥҽͲܰʱ˯ˡ
Ծؿ㲻ǰɣող˲Ҫ٤Ǹ𣿡
ңΪʲô¥øͷһ¥û¡
ΪҶ˶ȤֻǻϾʱ˶ڲϰ࣬경ҲҪ٤ⲻȤȫˡ
ǲǾʢ
ǲǾήң

͹أЬıʵƬҪҪ¥˳ְˣ
һͷϵĲкǿԶƬͲҪ˰ɣϾƬﻹء
Ьϣббؿţ͸¶Ϣ
ԣոս
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ҰƬ˳ĪģЦһ̧ûϢ
߹֮󣬴ӷó٤棬appʼ˶
٤Ѿʮʮ߷ˣҼһĺ
٤棬ҽԡһëߵʣµţһں꣬Ȼʣûȵţ̷Ž䡣
죬˾£ŸŽˡ
ҷźԼİ´򿪵ԣǰ壬һҪԵģ
ӣ֪𣿹һңҪһͬ¡
ûע˶ꡣ
Ŷ
Ҳ֪ģȻһ飬ûϵͻһߵģû̫Ľʡ
׼˵ʱˡ
һʮͷˣһ˾ͷŬعһһӡģڿʼŶӣСгɼˣʱ󲿷ʱ䶼ˣǵ
൹Ǻһ㣬Ҳ֪ǲΪһеǮͿʼ
ҵӣ¹̬ȣ¸£̨չʾǵ۷㵽ʱ׼һ¡
ҿͷãܣҲʧġ
ܿңһϽŬˣԼ׷ĶḶȱ˶ĺˮɡ
ͷ˫ֱۣУ㡣
ߺ߲Ŵӵǰƹͷתͷңҵļ磬⻻˸Ҳܺÿ㰡
סҵ֣ˣ湤
ֳڰ칫ϣ°ͣ¶Ľһһ˵ÿ˵һ֣Դ¶
Ľ㣬ûһʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ңҸһϰɡ
£ҪܱӽĻҪѧһѧϡ
ʲô
һ࣬Ҫʲôʥ飬ֻҪ׷ʱ䶼ұ֤Ա
һȫ᲻Ȥˣ׷ֱҪı
ڰ֣ˡ
*
ҴܿʼPPT׼ϣܿԼϢһʱ䡣
°صңͣԱɳϿһӾ磬ЩģѪľ飬ȫ£ȥسһǼںµĿ泩
ĶжϾ͹˵ӣѧУķȥ
һûߵߣͿ˹վԱ߻վһŮһͷڵĳٲһһϮȹ¶źۣϴһ˫ŮЬ
߽ܿŮ毺õݣŵױݣҶüƫǳߣжɳɫĺ촽ĵ
һңżҪŮˣƲϵ
Ů˾ϴμģķ˼Ľ֮ǰΣ޲ҪŮʵ᲻ȤҲֻƵߡ
ЦЦӣˣ
òصͷӦ
´ˡ
°񣬶Žȥɡ
ֺضңİؽһ
Ů˳òòûлױƽӹЩ
Ҳ뻵˺£ǹ֮ǰ˵Ҫ׷˶Ůô񰡣Ůģģ޻һһ˶ϢûС
˲ò࣬Ҳûֿһ͵Ůǧ׻еһƴ
ʶȤ뿪ģܲ
˵꣬Ų
ں桰һԽ˵˾䡰ȻȥɣҪæ
ңȵҡ
ںֱš
ֳţܿ׷ˣ𱸵ﲻң
ûԼһϲݵ
һһΰĵ·ҼӿŲ
ˣҲżӿŲ
ʮ·ݵҹѾʼȥ΢ķŵʪϵҶҹ紵÷˸
Ʋк֣£У԰ڶ࿡Ů
ȦѾ˦ˣӰʧ߷Χڡ
Ҳһǻصλãúˡ
ܵȦʱ򣬹·£ֱ·ƸܳһǶȣűۣϾؿͷĹӰϣ޲۾ǿ塣
ҲûֱܿҲû׷
һȦصλá
άû䡣
ҵʲôܣڵƽһֲͷ
˵ʱ򣬻ͦġ
˦˦ͷأ
˶壬
㡣

 12 

ҴԼļˣû£һ˶ͿʼЩۡ
Ҹ𣿡˵ˣոôϲ߿أӦȥȻúõ𣬶ʲôʱ˶ԣŮӻҪ׷Ůӵġ
һŵ˫۷ֲ嶵߽۽̧¡
׷ŮҸŮѡ
ң
ʲôˣԼû׷Ůһǰΰɣ
һƾʲôҪ㣿
ҿΪ߿ġ
ұ˵ûнԼԼ⣬룬ֻ˸ҭ˵ǡ
Ҫ㲻⡣
˵ҹͣһ£˹岻˫һ˿ڴͿﲻ
Ǿ͵ȸ꣬ҽ󣬸š

Ů˵Դ㶺ˣʱﵥʱˣôҲ޷ǰС
ҵεشҡڵ߹ߣƮƮһ䣬һȥˣΪ֮
ûиһ׷ȥԶȥıӰԽԽģŲȵذЩһû壬
ô͸ľͷһһ㶼ʾ
ԭطһŲŽŲᡣ
ᣬлƿڴĶѣͷû̧ͷˣֻһѻ
ϣԽԽѻ𣬳Цһ
մӲĺŴ·׼ϴ»·һëҪˡ
ƽʱһɵӣΪҲȽͣ˭ȽϺϵҲܺ˵ûֹү߸ϵԽУҲٱֳһΪ
Ϊܷ
궪·ϴ»Źߵӡ
ʵôˣ鿴Ǻܺã
δأлھͶֻһȫȻ˽ģ
˳˦̯ơ
һߣ˼˼ˣͲҪ׷Ļ˼Ĳϲ㡣
üͷ۾΢Уӣŵ÷ݣ˵˵һҾʮ˲
лʼ磬
ھˣһѣԼᣬǲŽŻ
û˵ĵЩ֡
˺һᣬ궼׼뿪λʱſڡ
ˡ
лֻûȵ۾Բˡ

˺ðΣлڲŻ͹
㻹ģ
ϣͷֵڶͷϣڵסƵֱ䡣
ġ
Ҫ˵ȥˣ̫ˣ.谵ʾôԣȻһû
֮ǰ֮ڶԭˡ
лڲһִӱϡ
ǣһ㣬׷ͷԼ֫Ů˾ģǵԻ·һƽֱĴ·Ҫǵʻ϶УҪӴ
ˣûеһϲˣ˵ˣϲְ˿鸹Ȱ˶¥ôˡ
һûռ
˵ʵովԼ
סϰ벿ֵлڿҲ֪ʲô顣
ֻܿ촽Ų
˵ˣϲ˶
˫ֱֱۣЦһǻеѸ㣬Ǯòɶûˣϧ˼Ҳһڣ

һóֻǰίԱһ֪ͨԭԺ˻Ҫʼˣڿĩٰ졣
ʱӸ˷һǰʮ߳Ĺؾصϰߣڱ˺ϡá
㿪ίԱ򣬸һϢұǧס
ίԱһʱ̫ˣüûлع
صԼλϺˢȦ˳Ȧ󿴵ίԱϢ˵Ժ˻ҪˣҪĿ𣿡
Ƥ۹лڡ
˶ǶϣлھͲ˵ˣ־Ϊ겻˶Ҳ˵ˣ˶ϣ˶¥Ҫ̧ȥ
ʹǸ֮󣬺Լеǣû˻ᱨ
վƵ̨һ䡰ұǧסǻӦոǸ⡣
лڸողſһ֣׼׶һ仰ֱжƫˡ
ʲôϵͬʱ
е״ˡ
㡭㣬㻹𣿡
ŹݵıӰΪܹǧס
֮ǰѧУʱ䶼˾æģԼһûжصĴӡ
лڴֻ̧ͷһصؿŹ磬أǧײף治ǿЦġֳЦ˵һ䣬Ҫ꣬Ҹһµϴˮ
鲻ãһ͸ˣûиôƲˣ
ԭǧֻԼһѣû뵽ѶôƲӣӺڣ
ȥѾ
Ҫǧס
·߻ڣһ·һסлڵĺ󾱡
仰ӲԲˡ
лϷòŲӣָɿĻϻ
ĵ磬磬֣սˡ
ɿ֣ԡȥ
*
ڶܿںܲÿʱ򣬹Ѿʼ˶һʱˣ˺һʱ䣬ǲԼ˺ˣ
Ӧ˵û
ȷʵûС
ѯ֮£֪ԭǧס
ϢҶŹͷķ˿ףĴ͸ǿǰѹ·ǹ⣬µش
ҪˣܲĿ⡣
㿴ʲôôҲ𣿡
ұͻķһᣬĿãȻȻҡҡͷ

һ½ţ۽һһġ
ң㣬㲻Ҫ̫
Ұһ
᲻ˣ
Ĵⶥ˶ŵ棬˸OKơ
ọ̈̄ô
Ҵ󷽷ᡣ
ǵСùԹԿŵĽƻ꣬ȵľ仰ãһΪ
һ˿ӿͷôеԼĸо
ûȻֿˡ
УҪ

ȻСƨһ
ֵβָǰ˻Σߴٵ㡣
Ҳ鲻ԸβָĹһĴָĴָ
ĴָԱ֮£ҵԵüΪСɡ
˰ɡ
ջ֣С
һɪ׼֮Ľң군ˡ
Ļڵı飬һɺϮͷŰΧ
˲ƣ
ܻû֣ԼͰ
ߣûʼأôôȷԼꣿǼֲȥȻ˵Ҫ
㣬ڶ˶
whowho
ԭ̤£תܿͷһ䣬ܲܣ
ҶͽףŸȥ
ȦǱˣȦͣЪϢʱһߵüëҫԼѾȦˡ
ȾЩĺ飬ʪģͷһС̫Ѩ˳ջ䵽Ӳʵ򥣬ͻĺᣬڰɫɾTС
ҿŹ뵡ɫг˾񣬼ͣò˵ĺ˧
һ˻ԴҪ뷨߳ԺǸСƨԼ뷨ôΣա
ұܿߣУſڶʳ֣Ϊһֵʱ̣̲Ц죬˸մӲ͹ݳԱ
ȻȥˡԼ
ջسϥϵ֣վֱһ˦ͷ
ȥ
治ˣѵǧ𣿸Ͻ
β
Ŷӣζ˵ţԭôϣӮ
ҹˣҪһ֡

ֻǲȥѡ
˰ˣСƨϲ顣
Լˡ

 13 

ֺģҵıӰǳͷСȵػζģͷġ
ãӭСӻعСߡ
ƺò񫣬Ӵһ䣬СӲҪ˴ֵ˶
źֵĹӿ˽Ų޲뿪ߡ
ǰһ¶ĺˣתͷһ̽
һصÿڿˣ򿪱óһƿţ̣һڡ
֪Լ״Ӧʲô
Ǹƣ˳Ҫǧס
ô죿Ҳ֪ʲôҪ󣬻᲻ܹ֣
һٷĻͻá
ͻȻ뵽֮ǰʱиˣҪѵ·աһ飬ҡͷɲС
ŮбҪġ
һǾȥһ޺ӡ
óֻ޺ӷ΢š
ң޺ӣǰ˴
޺ӣôˣ
ԥһ£Ǿȫг
ңΪҴ̼Ժ˻бǧףҸģҪọ̈̄ҾӦһ
޺ӣԲۣȻᱨеʱһǧ׶໽УȻȥǧףܶĴ̼
ҿ໽ʣͻȻİһЩ
޺ӺַܿϢǰһ˴Ķǽ˸ҵ
ֻЦˣСƨСƨ뷨ܵ
ңˣ֪ˡ
޺ӣӣҲⶼǧס
˳΢ţ˸׼ʼ٤
ںܿ͹ȥˣȷʵÿ춼ں߿ܲҿʼĿ࿴ˣû뵽СӵУȻܼ
ܿʼҾͲȥܲˣ٤ͺãΪҪʼ۲߻ݽˣһôǰչʾͬһɵƷ㲻Ϊͬ£ΪԼҲҪƾ
ҺPPTģ壬򿪲߻wordʮҳ֮࣬俴궼һ޴Ĺ̡
˾ʱ˳ҲҴһȣͷɵŮˣЩпԼ̫ˡ
Լİ칫һֺſȣһְɿȷŵϡ
һ񡣡
ߴӵĻƿȣл˰
ֿصԡ
ô棬Ҳ˼ɢȥ
ȥһ룬һŮ˽ˡ
ƣ칫˶ͣϵĻ́ͷ
κʱǴһɫװȻûǿҪװÿζᴩøʽܴ࣬ĿΪԼΪܣôҲҪ칫˵ˣҪڷװ۷
һͬװŮˣԼĪ2324꣬Ů˻žµױݣһͷӲӵĴɢȹϣнջ󣬻ź˿࣬ˡ
Ů˱ͺܸˣϴһ˫ɫ߸Ьڶһˡ
Ҷͷڣǵͬ£ƣ󽫺һ
žİ칫˻ӭ
ƣ˵ãƽ׽ˣֻǿŴޣദ̫ߡ
칫еͬ¿Ůһ£ˡ
ָָһԵĿλԺɡ
촽һллܡ
ҲǸԵˣңҲͬһϡ
һǸṴ˵
ҽúϰࡣ
תͷңЦĲãһǾÿ
νЩûһ˿ı䣬Сͳúܻ⣬Ҳ£С˶³´лܿ죬ôƤҲܺãۻ塣
޵Ļˣڶľˣͻ䣬ȫˡ
һӣͺһ٣Ҳܺÿ̼Ϊ㣬һʼʱ׷ͬΪĮ¹̬ȷˡ
ƾʵ
ҿ˴ԣ۾Щɬ۾գգȥԱߵˮŵ׼ȵʱ򣬷־Ȼûˮˡ
ˮȥˮװˮ
ͬںͬڲˮ졣
ŶȣһִֻϥϣһֻЦ߸һˡ
ߴߴģԴģе롣
·ʱ˿ңЦŽһ
΢Цŵͷ
ˮװһЩˮ˼ڣװˮˮģǵǹ
ʵȤȥȥסģˣʲôȤá
۾΢΢ʹ
Ĵָʳָüġ
װˮҿ첽뿪ЩӰûӪݡ
ص칫û£򿪳óҩˮֻ۾ˣҩˮ˳̫Ѩͷ
ұ۾վ˺һᣬ۾
ͷλ
ǡƸ˽ˣǰͷеں棬ƨЦĺұ
ҵߺϣ֪ǲۻ񿴵ĵ⣿
һգǸոǸЦģ
۹ȣۻ˰ɡ
λϣ˼ˮżոյ
һ칫ǰһ뻹ھҵҵ˿ʼɢȥ
ҾЩƣ룬Ҳûʲô顣
ʼʰңЩ۵˾ȷţһأʲôʱ䡣
Ҿ˵öԣ̫żȻؼҰɡ
ҲʼʰԼĶ
Һ߳˾ſڣԸоֻ¡
óһǹ΢š
СӣôûܲˣҶû㣬
ҿϢգգۣ۾еᡣ
ǰʼ裬Ͱе˶ͣˣȻڵʱƣ롣
ͷʣôˣ
ϨֻĻ
ǰ棬û£߰ɡ
·ϳˮһ̾ڴ˵ľߡ
ȵ̵ƣ߲һϽؿڣҺŹ档
ֵ°߷ڣ˶Ҫ
ǰ󱳣ֵǰ棬Χ˸ˣĺζܲˡ
òװˣ˵ǵ˼ˡ
վͻˣԼһˣ̧ͷÿһվı־ٹվ͵ˡ
Ҹճڣֱȥʵܲˣմ˵ĺζ
ҴҵߵСϵ¥׼̧ŵʱͿԼſһӰ
ͷƵĵƹ˵
ôˣ
һ¥ݣһ
һʼЩǣڿҺɢˡ
ôϢ΢Ҳӡ
£ߵߴӰóԿ׺ֻһȻ΢ѹովúʲôڶ
ڵû
ֻŽڴţЬ
ҲŽ
һΪʲôˡҰѰɳϣת
ʵôûȥܲˣ⼸춼û㡣
ϴ֣ˮˮ
еۣûȥˡ
ǽ߿ֲ嶵ЦüģһΪ¿ҽôͲأ

װˮˮŵϣ¿ء
·ߣһ䡰ɪġ
û·ĳ˵ĽŰһ£ʧȥƽ⣬Ҫǰ
ҵĸ첲ץסûǰˤ
²ؼ߸߹˵һ䣺Сĵ㣬··ëëġ
վȺתŽߵˣ˦֡
ָŹ򥣬ҧгݵҪΪҲСƨ
޼ɵģֱۣ㲻ʱ򡣡
ҸܵԼ̫Ѩͻͻƽˡ
ߵɳ¡

ûյҲԼոǲЩˣ
˭ǰԼСƨܵУԺҲΡ

 14 

£Լüģеʣǲǲ
ҷ֣ڶˣ
ܵǰ
Ĳ
ҿûиոɫ֪ҲȷʵڹԼ
Ҳһ۴Щ顣
˸ɣϰ̫ˡ
Ҳûлɣҵ۾ȷʵһڣҵܰףھ͸ԡ
ҲúϢȻȥˡ
ˮ˵ֲһ䡰ˮ
ҾģһָҲ붯ˣš
׼ߣǿɳϣûлЬ뿪߽
ΪȥϲҲû
ܿ죬ıӹڲð
ԭȫɫģһװ̵ˮͻɴɫһ棬ҵ֮ǰһȥʱ˵Ҫÿ˶һźÿƬȻƴĹҾͶžͷ¶Цݡ
ǵ͵˫ƤӣС죬žͷ¶һŰɵ
ӷŵϣոͿˣ֮ǰ;ָһڵıӣԭʢˮһ˰
ӣ𴽽ǣΪͣСӣ۹⣬Ӻܺÿر𡣡
ҿۣ
ĵŶɼ͸ҵ
۽ǵЦ֮ɢҪһԴѾ¶ӡ
˵Ҳ

Ҵӱ̧ǲвô޳
յҵֺ·ԼǴϵ۵ĽǶС
Ƭѡò̫ãԼЦеˣ۾Ҳˣûа۾¶ΣӵҲôߡ
û˵꣬ҾʹҪдСķûû
ˣˣȥɣеˡ
ת׼뿪ֻͷ˵˾䣬ǲǰѣôĶƬҲǣҲǡ
ô仰ֵֹģһֶҪѶȫɣ
øӵ
µˣЦЬȥ
ź󣬹ֵСظҵǾ仰øҪӵ
Һ˼ˮůůģ˺ܶࡣ
Ϣ˺һᣬҲȥѱʣ˶óһȡ
գû죬Ҿˣ˯ú磬ʵ̫ˣͷ˯ˡ
˸·ųȥ͡
ƣ峿ĵһˣµһ죬µĹµԶ
˸ƯŮܿڹ˾ﴫʱʱΪһ˵ķݼٽˣװˮ·ͷһ飬ڿűߵλãԾһ۾ܿ
ƶЩ˵̽Ŀ⣬ɫãͺһ䴺ʢ޻·òΪ˹˹͡
һԡıҪܲˡ
ϲ̲סҪ²䣬㿴Ǹģÿ컨֦չзģµſΧˣйġ
ҿˮͷϴ֣ͨӿ
ŮӺϣ˼ȷʵúÿⱧԹˣȻ಻á
ΪȻžӸԼ˲ױ
ҵΪҾɱÿˣ㿴㶼ױģҪǻױֱŮ·Ļ˾Χۿ϶㣡
ҿɲҹάڵУҪĻױҲΧһױݣˡ
Ǹ棬ҸеƤҪˣ˰ɣҲЦġ
ܿͲױһߣǡƽ
ӭײҲ֪ոյĻû
ƻӦһòЦݡ
Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ԶؿڣҲ֪ոյĻû
ңɣ첻˵ˣϲ˵㻹ҲҶˡ
Цңӵ򹷣ˡ

һ룬ˡ
վڰ칫ҵſڣţ칫˾ͣеĹ׷̧ͷȥ
һ¡
Ҵҹȥ߻Լİ칫ңҽ
ȵȥİ칫ҡ
Լİ칫ϣվİ칫ǰ
˫ֽң׼ôˣ
ʵʵѾչˣڻ֮ǰɡ
ͷаɣץȣʱҿ
ҲԼʵӡ˵ûãϲҲԸᡣ
ûµģܣ
ţȥæɡ
һص칫ң£ͰôˣǲҪӹʣ
Ӷʲô׷Ǽӹʡ
º˿ˮǣҽôˡ
˲Ŷ
Һ׼͸ϳˣøĿҲ¶͵Ŀ⣬䡣
ֻҪú׼ݽͺˣٰճá
ʱͷתȫ˹ˡ
޺ӸҷţҲĺֵҪǧףԼǸԼ
ȫûˣùģ¹˭ֻ˵塣
*
޺յĹһЩʳ۸ɣɣҪҵţɡ
޺ҽ㣬һЩ
ҽûʹӦ˳Է
޺ӵǾܾˣɾпΡ
һ°͸Żȥ
ȻصСʱ޺Ѿ¥µˡ
ʮµףѾȥɲЩδȡ
ϵķһģһȵġ
޺ӿңĶ
ţǸġ
ҽӹһ£ͦġ
ش򿪴ôô෬ɣ㲻𣿡
ѾԼ˺ܶ࣬Щġ
ҳԲôɡ
޺óֻʱ䣬ȷŰɣҪȥˣ극ҪΣˣݰݡ
ţݰݡ
һ¥ص򿪱䣬ѶŽȥ
ãϵֻ
Ϣ
Сӣǵ㣬ɢ
ҷԼҪˡ
ңˣ֪ˡ
Щ䲻ʹ㲻ˡ
ң
ұɳĵ䣬ˣʮǴŹǸԣ
̬ҺȻҲûʲô
óԳԸúȺȸ˯˯
ڶһ磬Ҿˣû˶ĹͷҪӲˡ
ûͣһˬ˶װȥܣȥߣкüɢܡ
ѧУʱŸոѣĴѧڱѲԸ
Χ͵ˣһԼҲϰʮĴ
ҲŻؼͳԡ
˳ȥһ˳УһЩ˺š
翴Ӿʱ䡣
Թ緹ҿʼСһᣬٳȥܲ
˯һ룬Ժģҵֻˡ
ҴӴͷֻûͽ
ι
ģ
˼ûԹԵػش𣺡ڼ˯
ͷһ
ﻹ𴲣㣬ϹôӮ㡣
զզġ
Ѿȫˡ
ÿֻ˿ʱ䣬ʮ֣
ż㣬ôȥɹ̫𣿼ʲô

 15 

ǲǲҪǰ¼ģ¼ǰͲ뿴ң
ڴţܵ˺ˣ͹ȥ
绰һң˺һᣬ۴⣬ʱ̫ЩңͿ˷ɹųš
ûߵ˶Զ˼͵ĺ߽ഺлˣҿЩŮŮɵøпһԼˡ
û˶ţĵ绰ˡ
˾
ҽûңҾſڡ
ϢЩңӦǰ˶
¼ˡ
Ŷ
ҹ˵绰ȥ
иëͷСܹûע⵽ңֱײȥ
һ£ԼĶͷ
һæǸԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
ҲüƽϣڻҪϹȥҹ
ѣû£ԺСĿ·С
һҵ£ܿתɫƤЦʣͬѧԼӸ΢Ҫ˻ǲˣϵҡ
ӵĴڨס
ֱӾܾˣû£ɣһҪȥˡ
ҴҴ뿪ں溰˾䡰ͬѧĲ𣿡
ûͷ
ҿиӦþ¼ˡ
üʮ˶Χ˱˷
ҸҲӰ
ͷӬƵתȦû
أҵļһعͷϤ
ƺ˵СôôҶܾˡ
뵽ոյСû˵
ҲǺ
촩һ򵥵İɫһɫ˶̿㣬ɫЬȻҿʲôӣֱЬӺܹ
ӿóԿףֻУ԰ȫҡ
Щұһ£ӦÿҪϳˡ
Ļ䣬һɫԺһڣŴȣǧ׵һϳˣ뵽㴦ϡ
ʮǸߣҲŹȥ
˼䣬ͷһңЦø仨Ƶġ
ʳָָң˵˾仰
Χ̫ˣû˵ʲôͣˡ
˵ˡ
ûɵоҲ᲻ʲôֵҪ
ͷĶССĿ
ǹ߿ǰĵƬǸʱͷڳһ㣬סüëû̫ı飬۾Įؿžͷ´գӲʵߣЩס
Ǳ߿ѹե鶼ˡ
ҹ깨ȥģ֮Ҳ߹ȥ㴦ѾΧһȺˣǸ˶Աͻˡ
һûȫ߽˸ͣϸϸһЩϤҵԴҲŷԭϴں߼ģƹϲˣ
жûǹأͺô𾢣ǹҪ׷˰ôҪ׷
һǹ죬ʮСǿ񱼵Ұţһسǰ塣
ҡҡͷЩ˻̫ᣬôͳôͣµûȫ
ҵ׷Ź
һʼûܵúܿ죬ԼĽ࣬ܡһ˲£ͱ˦һˣҲûż
ҿƣ̲ס£ȷʵˡ
ܵ400׵ģһҪ12Ȧ롣
еˡ
һ͹ȥˡ
ʮӹȥڲͳˣиߵЩݵһ·ȣ˰ȦеڶˣۿҪ׷һˡ
һ£һʮˣڵ
ֹȥӣѾʼ·ˣҲ˾뿪ܵȥҲȨ
ҿóѾƣˣҧû
ҵĿݵİɹúͮͮƻһͷΪܲķ紵ҲĴƮݣɫTʪ͸ˡ
ÿһξҵʱ򣬹̧ʮֵؼᶨ
ҿҧûͣЪһ䡰͡
ڣ˿ʼˣһ̺ܾ֮󣬺еڶ˸ϡ
˵Ȩһʣµ·ġ
̵ʱŮΧȥҪǹûֱϴμӺһ
һһ߷
䤱վվֱҪԵڵϡֹȥ
ӿҵʱһ£۹ɫָֻܿ糣
һƿˮŹȥ¶ǡ
û°ɣȵˮ𣿡
һԿţ˶ͺˮɺͳһ̣֪ˣͲǹõǸ˶Ů
ûὯ̧ͷңϢûָ̲סҪ
˿ģôҿ԰ɣ
ϡ
ңļ磬͵԰㣬֮ǰС㡣
л˵ĶԻɿһۣ뿪Ʈ𴦣⣬Ҳ
һ״½ţˮһŮ뿪ˡ
иҹûǰŵĺ벼ִֻ˵ļϣڲ⡣
ߵǰ⿪ȻݸǸ
Ъһᣬ͹ˣ˶֣ƿߵˡ
֪Ѿˣ֣˵˾䡰ˡ߿ˡ
ذʣµʱ
ֱͦԼ
аɣ
ҰĶȫţС
ùҸĶȫװڴ
ˡ
¸㶨ˣھˡ
üŻЦݡ
СӣŶ
ҿһسŵˣ󷽷
ô
µһǧ׼ʼµһָҲ֮˶Һģʱʱм·
Ų̸ȥˮȣˡ
ҿʪ͸·һĺζ
Ȼỻһ·ɡ
ŵزͷԲۣòҪܰɣ
ҷ˸ۣôԶŵ
𣿡
仰£̼һ
֪֪治֪ģһ㻹ˡ

㹨ȥСˮ
ӱóƿȪˮֹ
˶꣬嶼ȺģҪϺȱˮµİɡ
ҲûִҪȱˮŻȥʱ£ͷҪ𣿡
һûӻأ˵ɹôãҲȺģҲȳ¡
ȻƿˮŻԭλߵԱȥƿµĿȪˮ
ǮŪӾ͹˹˵غȣȷʵܿˣһƿˮһھûһ롣
ȵ̫죬µˮ˳źÿĲĺĵøӨĿ
ˮ޶ԣˮƿšúùĿȪˮһšͿˡ
š
ؽӹһʲôԼ⻹ǵһ˸šƿǡ
ͨԲԲƿڿ滹СȻεˮҺһСڣ򴽣Ǻøӡ
˸ƿӣң¥һ·
˵תߣҲģת˵һ䡰׼ӡ

 16 

ʲôСѧΪ
˸ߵơ
Ĳתǰһ¥ݵӰʧ¥ݿڡ
Сѧʳ·ҿŸɴ棬ǰԼҲǺϲЩ
Ұˮƿһ£ˮ͸һγһСС
תʮС硱ˡ
һɾ·˿ˬʲ٣ǰӻǸմˮ̳ģھһྻˬŸ
ߵߣĸ첲ߡ
ҳͷԵشһ£óƵ˵עΪ
ĵŶһɿ֡
ҲĨǣ綼ҪģֱӿżɽҪʲô
ЦЦؿңһۣҾú쬵ģͻһֲõԤС
Ҹٵĵط˵
ҲΪ⣬ʲô𣿸ģʲôõҪɣ
￩һСӵҪ
Ȼâڱ
һûʲô˵ĵطվˡ
Ҳͣ˽Ų
¥µһƽأשĻǰ͹µʮΣԲûбשϣɫһô
ʱס˹յĺյֱ䣬ֻа߲ĹӰڵ˸΢紵Ҷɳɳ졣
ȻҲߴ󣬵ûձÿվŵʱʮֵرֱóֻ˿£ֹص
̧ңؿڣˣɡ
ұһҲʼˡ
˸ʲôġ
ҿŽűߵҶ·͵һƬ紵Сȵػζ
Ȼһһ˵

͵̧ͷȫסˣǸʲôҪ
ռ˰
˻ҪҪˣ
ҾԼԴõĸܵ˵ȫҡ
ԭºõһ壬ȫס
и̲ϲ¡
Ҫˣɺͳ
˱ۣһ֯һԣôһ¡
̫ðɡһˮողźˮô־úɸɵģҿǱ߸µģ·ϣϰףǲȡΪ
˵棬ҵԽԽỺûƢˡ
ЩҲԤϵһѡ
ɵɲҪ˵
ǣŮˡ
¼ŭҽŲסűߵҶһһµĦƬҶǰ߸߹ˡ
Ǳǣ
֮ǰ
ˣһգɷ죬˲С˹
ҴۣͷССһ
硣
ôߣҲ俿һ֣Ƶġ
˵ʲôû塣
ŵζ⡣
սеȭͷɿ
Ӵ
硣
ζƵģޱá
ţǿǿˡ
Цһǰһˣ˰ɣ˰ɣ
ǴİͽԼڳλŮ̳ĸоˬ
ҲһӶ룡
һ䡰ټʹҴˡ
Сӣ·Сİ
óɪĵ
Сͷ
ߵøˡ
һصЬһƨɳϡ
ˣҲǹġ
ҾԼıǿ׶Ҫðˣô
Ϸˮ˹£ž泩˵㡣
̫ˣҪ侲һ£Ҵ򿪱ƿţ̳
һƬ̲ƺţ̺С
ţǹġ
ˡ
ܺݺݵһһ
Լѹľ⡣
ϣҷ΢ţûҲûأֱӰֻһߡ
һʱ䣬Ҷѡ˵
ʮһڶҪ̨չʾ۷ʱˡ
ҽŵʱ⻯˸ױʹŵüëͿ˿ں죬ɫˣԱҶεչʾ̬ȣҴװ
ԡҵľϸϸشһԼȫû˲ųš
ƽʱϰҲôװڴΪϰߣˣΧһƬ͵ľ󣬶ƬݻƵҶôۺ͹졣
ȥ칫ҵʱкüͬ¶ͷǿһֻ԰ĺܳһ
ֹԼȻʺĴ硣
صԼλãӺˡ
ҵĴ磬Ͷһ
˼룬ع񣬲żչĴָ
԰ӣܿԣ
Ҳ֪ǿ仹ǱᣬЦãǿ𣿡
Ȼǿ㰡ױȷʵզ

˵õĿأ
ҰԼ׼õĸóٿһ飬ȷԼѾȫԴ±ݡ
ʮӵңҵĴʱһ£¶͵Ŀ⣬ò
òػӦлл
żɽ׼ò˰ɣ
ĺ㣬Ӳ߻ݵpptƣԼҪ˵Ķ׼ʮֳ֡
ţҶ׼ˡ
ȥңѾ˺üŶӵܡ
һ𴽽ǣ¶һ΢Цȥ
óԼ׼õU̲.ʼǱԵĽӿڶˣһ׼㿪ʼ۲߻ݵչʾ
ұֵʮȻֵ󷽣Ѿݹˡ
ҵļ磬޵ֵúܺãԺŬ
۽˾ԼŬϿɣֿ˻ʱƴû׷ѣôõĻˣǸùܲ
ص칫ңüͬ¶̧ͷңһڴߵͬ´һڣңֵô
ҶһĴָƤգұߵ۾
ԣ˶ó
ͬҲĴָ
Ц
ײڰ칫ƣ䵭ġ
ЩΣϱۣЦ⡣
߻Լİ칫
ҵĲʺƨˡ
ӣ

ܿͽ⣬ʲôʱȥҳһٷ

°صңʱ仹󣬴ӽ¿ʼʰԼҹܻ
ߵߣֻһСƨ
˭֪ɧŵĴֱˡ
ûйұ˵绰ϰߣһҲãͽ
ι
ͷǵ˵˺ܾãͷҲе
Ըˣ
ҷ˸ۣǰĺ档
Ĭ˭Ը㡣ˡ
һһֻֻĲ̫Ҫ췴Сƨ
ʲô£
ʵҲ֪˵ʲôá
ΣŮҵ߹
ҿʼͷˣûҾ͹ˡ
ȵȵȣں׼ܲ
ӦǴ̨شѴϷѽѽ²
ֻ죬ǰûҾ͹ˡ
õȷеĴ𰸺Ҳû˵һ
ҾͰѵ绰ˡ
ǣҿʼܲ
֪ôһ·ƻˣܹʱ򿴲ֻ̫ܷŻŲ
Ϊ＾ʼãҹʼ磬ֻŶܻ̿䡣
ûд̿㣬Ǵһ㣬ȻĻܻе
һȦ룬ҿԶһӰӰ׿׿ĺӰ
ҵƤ£Ӱ߽ҿߡ
Խ˾Խǰ
׼ֱܹȥ
˭֪͵֣ץҵĸ첲첲ϴ΢ĴС
ȫǺ̬ȣġ
ұǿͣ½Ų

üͷӰס۾ɫ
ﲻңĩˣֲһ䣺ǲǻǺϴε£
һֻһһǣס첲ָ
ҲûмǺޣǾе㷳
ӽͣûУûмǺ㡣
üš
㲻ң
æûա

 17 

Ŷ
ŴͶȥ֦
Ҹһ˶ɡ
ĮӦ㡣
ɿƮĽëգգֱֹֻ
ƨͷŲǺܺ
һۣ˦˦ֱ֣ӵ¡
л˵֧֧ĸ𣿡
Ҳڵ˵仰ڴдС̽ûоҽʲôͬ

ұһѣʼͷŵشͷû𣬻һͷںĶ̷ûʲôͬǸǷ·Ҳܼ򵥣T˶㣬ɫ˶Ьûʲô
ͷȥᡣ
ֱͦܣ˵Ϸģ
˻ȥ΢ӵؿȷʵһˡ
һҪСӡ
ڴﲻһ
꾫ζ

һ˵ͷȥԼϵζ󣬿ңûаѵĹˮʲô꾫ζ
Ǹױˣôܶˮ
еܲζոûע⣬һţζͦŨġ
̾ϢҲʱˣֱӳǰܣ¹һҡ
ƣġ
ӿڴóֻ΢ҵȺһϢ
лڣʲô⣬˵꾫ζ

Ҳû㿴ѵ²ۣϨĻŽǸԶȥĺӰ
Ҹܵ˹ܹƬû·Ƶİ·Ҳûи֮ǰһŻŲ١
֪ǲǲȵСʯӣûȣҽһʹʧȥƽ⣬ˤڵϣҲƨҵϣ˺ѵۣĺ񱻼ˣתһкüСʯġ
Ĺܹܿĸ첲żʣôˣû£
ҽվƣĶͨˡ
ùָһֻ첲ȻĿվҽĵۡ
ɫѿüͷȥĽš
ҵҽǽżأҸһվţΪʵ̫ʹˡ
ڸվţҸ߳ͷ˿ȴͷȥĽš
ԲԲĺ׾ҵǰÿһͷš
̧ͷң͸͵ǣЩʣԼվ𣿡
£һӦûǿվȵģ˵ͷ
طſԼ֣ȷվȣŶȥҽš
Ϊҽ촩ǳ㣬߹߲ãģʲô塣
óֵֻͲұߵĿţĽ¶
ÿĽ״һȦȻóһۣˡ
صֵͲֻŽתҡ
ԲƲԶ·ĵ·ֻʩЩĹߣҿŹļխıôĽ˶ܱ硣
Ƭûй߳ҵص

ҳˣͷߴ٣㣬Ҵȥҽ
عԹԵſȥ§Ĳ
ϾΨһİ취ˡ
ҵĽţվ˵࣬Уſȥ
ҿĲʵһܺÿˣͦë޳ڣӲʣ촽Ҳ̶ȸոպãĳ谮ûеļʡ
ıϣûо䣬ĸŰ
ҿĲգĵģлл㡣
ͷͿ˽ٽգûŮأǣ絷ġ
ڵתͷǰÿ
ʱʼûˣ֮ǻ
ǰһ뻹ԣҪεȴ˾ֻΧ
ϵˮζȻûиոĸоǱɳİҡ
ûкôܽӴòǰӲĺ󱳣κӿʼռ˼
һ·ߵУſ··ִ·ưΧյõģ˺ҹİ
վûҲµӦһʿ
ŤŤ壬ϣ˵ɡ
Ȼ
վú󣬹һַһʿ
ܿһɫĵʿǰͣ£Ҵ򿪳ţСطȥֹײ
֮󣬹ҲŽһ˦һҸոյˣȶˣҲȻ˲١
Źϡ
˾ͨӾʣҪȥģ
򥣬ÿתȦҽԺĵַ
˾ƶºӾ˳Ȼ󷢶档
ӸոտʼҺ͹޻˵Щ졣
ܲķΧڴƽ
п𣿡
תͷ۾һգûգϿֿûС
˵Ĳ
ҿգ²ӦǸոձԼʱ۵ģϾ˶ҲôãôصһˣҲǼ׵顣
ҿŷԼڽ
λмƫǱߣΪ˱˵ҽţֳŵؿڳűϣ˫ȣ޴ţϥǵųţЩЦҲЩ졣
˫ֳλϣһƶڳλá
ҵͼŲӣøˡ
ҽԺλþѧУǺԶʮӾ͵ˡ
ȷҳվã˾˿
תͷңӲ֪ʲôޱߵĺҹΪһ塣
ҽԺſڵĹߣҿֱɫ׺ˡ
˵˾䡰
Ǽ򵥵֣Ҹոձȸڵ
Ҳļ磬ЩȻҽȥͺˡ
֪ǲǳԴҩİ
վ
ȽŲ㣬Ҳ·Թٰǰ
ʱ㣬ҽԺѾûʲôˣһЩҶѾˣһƬܶеĲ軹ǵȾҪȥҺš
ڴõĳţԼȥҺš
ҲûǮŻص΢תˡ
ҲǼƽǮǮ⡣
ҿֻ컹Ҫϰ࣬˳û취ȥˣҵ΢ţ˼Ϣ١
ҲûϾͻأҽֻŽڴ
иŮ΢죬ȻϺ䣬ĴҲЩˣīɫë£Ҳ²ӦǸðˣŰԼʵʵ
Ů˿ȥҲûкܴ󣬴Ҳ2425ҡ
Ů˿ҵĴţ䣬ߵƣŨŨıʵҲ
ҵͷŮ˼ʣﲻ𣿡
ע⵽ڽʱزȥֹԼϢ
һнˣ롣
ҵͷԼҽţεŤˡ
Ůע⵽ҵĽһ顣
˿㲻һİɣ
̧ۿҺŴѾҺúˣʱ
Ů˳ҵ߿ȥ˹ЦԭѴ
ԺһžһˣţЩ״Ρ
ǣǵģǡ
˰Ҳ֪ô˵ĹϵӲͷƤһ䡰ҵܵܡ
ŮԴǸؿңֿ˿˼

 18 

߽ôһ䣬ոЩ컵С˼ɢĵӱץһ塣
ҿˣҲͣվŮ˵˾䣺˼ȥҽˣټ
Ů˵ͷŮһͷˮԼûǵɣ
ұţոյĸоȫһĪһֱķΧҸеһ⡣
ȥ˵ݡ
ڳһֻȥݡ
һʼͣ¥ܿˡ
һְſżһַҽȥȷ˶Ѿˣɿ֡
ձܲڵķΧҲ֪Լǵλүơ
ǿƻûˣҽֻһ͵ҽϴźص۾Źҽ
ҵҽ״Ʊϵ۾˻Ƶ
ôˣŤˣ
š
£ҽ߹
һûס˻һ
ҽ̧ͷ䲻˵˾䣺ŵ㡣
ֵͷȥŪҵĽš
ұҧۣüͷ
ƽôһڹԹ˳ģЩۣȥԴ¾ͺˡ
Źִϵʹһؼ
ҽҷ˽ţҩѾûˣҩζ
ȥȡҩǮڳϵ
ҿż˵ĳȣóֻѾˣúϢٻȥҲ٣Ļ
ֻϽǣѾʮˣ֮ǰ˵ʮһŽţǺˣٲϻȥĻǾҪŽˣ
ҽһ뷨ð˳ոչģòΪԤϵҪķôʱ䣬ܼܲʱ᣿
ϸֺ̫ԣӦòôС˲Ŷԡ
ţѾˣ黹ǵģǿĻǲġ
һҩһֻ֣׼
ͷԴǸصҪȻȥ¾ҪŽˣҲ֪
Щףң
ұһ𣬻û˵ڵĻȫ˻ȥɵ㶵ؿ
ǰ˼ȣΪ֮ǰԺ˻ʱ̫±ɹ
ڣɫʮĳҿ
ɫһЩ촽һҪӡ
ˣôܶһŽЩС£׽ġ
һЩ£Ⱥһϸеת
ֻĳһ֡Ŷ
תҶ£ûܾʱ䡣
ұ㣬ȽϿ죬ߵ̫ˡ
û취̵ı
ҿŹȻҲȥ
ߵǰ棬ڲݣԸ¡

һңǰ㣬õȥť
Ұú۹ҲڿԼҸܵײջߣȥ

ˣҽȥ
ſڹıϣðʲôôܶһСôĵܵĶޣĶʲôƨǽŤˣҲŤˡ
ҳԼУûпŵӳǵЦݡ
ȥʱһʿ
ʿ͵СſڣΪСֹĽ룬Թһ·¥
һ¥ϢЩңŲҲûиոȽ͸·ʪ
ҵôߵ¥㣬ֱ˵˵ġ
˰죬뵽һ޴Ļ
ɣҸоˡ

ûĻأ¥ĸˡ
ĻŴصĴϢ
ҲΪ鵤ҩ
һĽһСʱ֮ں
ҾԼ㶺ˣҪԼǲǳڽϡ
¥ҷͳԿ׿š
Žȥ
򿪵ƣ˲
ҲûЬˣһһɳ¡
ûüֹԱߵŮ˾ˡ
ЬֱӽˮҿӰʼԻ⵽˭ˣ
װһˮȥգӳЬóƽʱ˫Ьŵҵǰ
ҵߴֻ̧𣬹ޱ飬ֵĸСϱһԹ
лл
ȥЬЬ
ѾʮһʮˣȫŽʱ䣬޼ҿɹˡ
Ҳֻһ䷿䣬ûа취ṩ˯ĵطȥƵסһ
Ҳ֪ôģҲ֪ϲϴϴĻͺ鷳
ڿҪʱıӹ
ҽӹлл
ҺһСڣˮ¸ոպãҲ䣬ȥůůġ
ڶеĹתȦԥؿڡ

Ŵֻ̧ͷڵ۾ûκεĲ
ֱֱضҿڡ
ϴ
һˮ֧֧ᣬҪȥƵס𣿡
һߵüëмֲţǾԼˣظһ飬ҪȥƵꣿ͸Ų͡
űӣĿʼðʼգҪǽûȥܲͺˡ
Ҳˡ
ĲԸ⣬ֻһ飬Ҫ˯ҵĴ

ӣشɳϡ
ûôûԡһ£Ҫһѡ
ʵ벻İ취ˣֱҪô
Լŵĳɳ̧̧°ͣ˹˵˯ͺá
ûвµȻԼ˯ɳɵ˯𣿡
ģӦЩˣƤҪ
ģûô
ҿƣҪסˡ
ˣȥɡ
׼ٿһվһ߹ǵ˵š
Ҫ
ָԼķ䣬˵Լ뷨ñӰôǱӣ϶Ҫð
˫磬Ұɳţ
ضƤԼȥãģ
ߵĹһ׵ɫıͷ㶼óɡ
ţ򿪵ƣůɫĵƹů䷿
Դϴΰ֮Ҳûķ䡣ѾûеһοҺ⣬صŷɫıӣذɾķ
߹ȥױ̨ʱ̲ס࿴ۣ࣬ŮӲ̫һûкܶƿƿ޹ޣֻƿȫĵСƿӣһľƵӣкͺɫķȦ
ߵĹţһ׺ɫװ·˵ɫͷ
𣬹Ϲţҵķ䡣
ɳϺϾؿ
üһ뵽ĳЩ棬˼رܿҵ񣬽ӷŵɳϡ
ҷֻȥ
ҪƵģñӾҪ
ƿ֣Ҫȥϴ裬ѵҪȥ
Ľƣͬ
㶼ˣҪϴ裿
ô˵˶ˣģϴҪ
ӸԡһŵӣҿϴԲŪģһϴܲ˵ġƤҲŲĳˣġ

˵ȥԡңûԡң͵ԼûûϴһЩա
ֹ˹ǰĶҪߡ
ˣ۾Ц
֣ʾͷ
Ц⡣
Ҵϴͷ̫ˣ¿һǰȥ治
ùڴ¡
ȥҴһˮɣҲһͺˡ
˫ֱۣϳβ
˵ĳģôϴˣ
Ľƽϵˡ
ңȥȥ
ȥȥȥȥ
ȹˮëһ˼˼һ
ϴ𣿡
һȦķȻϣûлϴôϴ裿
ҽëʪ㴩ҵģ


 19 

ûлӦĻһ⡣
ңߣ
һһԼĵʵ165
ǽվš
ұ18ףҴģЦҲŮװС
˵˵αô档
ҽëšɣȫûˣ
㲻ȥô·
ûƤûЦǵַ
תȥִš
ЬĴذ˼¾ͣˣӦɳˡ
ѵһζ·ϣëزãú𴲱ߵ˯»ϡ
ڴϣΧް־ѣȫûһ˿˯⣬óֻ˿ʱ䣬ѾʮһʮˣҪʱͽˡ
ҷת壬ſĶ
ԡҵŹϣˮȻǿŵǹصƵ
շת򣬻û˯ţû˵ֻţӣӡ
һᣬԸˡ
һΪͻȻһˣԼŻʧߡ
һġ
Ҵóֻŷ־ȻѾʮʮˣôˡ
΢ˢ¶ӣסЦ³ˡ
ЦЦţҲһ⣬ջһˮڻûϹڻıûš
Ŵ򿪵ƣ³ûдЬϵӴţſŲ
ţС̽ͷɵһţӸЩ̣¶ԴֻѾѾ
Ҵ㿪ųȥɳϵ˷ڶͷϵֶ˶
Ҵ۵Сۡ

ΪԼԼգԲ𰡣ˡ
ģǸ˯ѵޣͲûԼצˡ
ɢʣأҿû˯ʱ͵Ķ

ȻԷѾˣҾͲСˡ
Ҵ򿪷ţƹӷݳȥһ룬һģĽޣֳ֡
ҷǽȥ
ƿԼϵı߹
һ·ߵԡңɿֱۣţ빨ҿԡһŵĺӰ飬˵Ĺϵƺһ
˵ѰɣҲ̫㣬ֻԼܵܵĺֵܣ˵ǽܰɣҲУϾҲûѪԵϵ˵£㲻ϡ
ֻǵܵܣ
Ȼҹ˾˾Ͱ˼롣
Ҳȥ˼˵Ĺϵˣǽϲ
ҳˮϴֺ󣬴ţ˻һǽ
Ķתһ·ص䣬˵ƣֹš
ǰϢ
Ҿ׶԰ѧʱʦ鷿Ĵ
ϹҲǹˮ뿪Լ壬ҾԼƤԽԽأ˯ȥ
Ƿ˷ȥ˯š
һ˯̫˷䣬һƬӲӡ
ҵƤ˶ȻۣѾ
Ҷ˶𴲳ȥ
һţͿһ·ϵֻվŤŤͷǷͬʱ׵Ŀһ˵
Сһ
ҹδˣϻϿΣֵ군ˣ
εһԭҪһʱ򣬹ңѸײڶ֮ƹص΢š
ǱץΡ
ˣ
ߵɳϣǴһ·½Ǻ΢΢ңͷҵøƵģƽ￡ݵڸ˼֡
һĿǣ˵û𣿡
ͷ۾
Ҳ̫ĿΡ
߲ѧˣ仰ҿ˽̵ģʽ
㲻ҪԼеǮͲú飬ܿ۽硣
ˣЩѾˡ
򦣬Ů˸ͲԼ
˵һ󳤴Ǳ˰˾ͻȻ
ԣ̧ȥ
ҶŹŪֱ˿̽µ顣
˵ԼĲ²⣬òΪҲӿΣ
仰ȿֲģĵԼôһ˼ĵΣҲ֪ԼºʼԼ
û͵ʱ䣬ƣǲǣ
ѡһеĴ𰸡
һһ롣
ҷŷɳϣͷЩңȻ˵ĻһûС
㲻ԺҪѧϰΪأ֪𣿡
鲻ԸŶ
ƨѧϰ̸ֻ
ֿʼᣬȥԡҡ
׼һҳǳ⣬ϾȥϿΣ
£ֱֵǰֹڡ
ǿӲŮˣֻߵشҡ
ֱ˦һӰ
⿴ɳϵıӣ۷ѱӵñķ䡣
Ǹţֿ׽ϵװи뷨ӣ뿴װ
ߵشһָЬϣۣЬš
Ϊж㣬ԡĥĥŪ˺þá
ڼŴ򿪵Щ֣Ѿ˺һʱ䣬пǸڿš
Ūú󣬳ȥ
ֿûˣϷһÿĺӣһ͸Ĵӡ
߽Կ׺ӷϡ
Կף˵ȵĴӦǸոջקģ¡
ţӣƤ࣬һ̰ɫĳӡ
ؽ࣬ϵð
ҿ⡰ò˵࣬ʧ˼ͷɵ˾⣬ǲԾ¶ЦݣԼδ
ҳͣĵ绰ʹˡ
Ҵ˸ã绰
ι
ϢЩﶼǵǣӣôûⶼϰˣò˯ͷ˰ɣǷԼ仰©԰һ㲻ġ
ҿԼĹĽףͣŤˣ˼١
ͷһ漴ϽСʣϲأⶼʣصĻϰˡ
û£أúϰ࣬Ҫϰڼ绰˾Ͳá

˵ʲôʲôͷͻȻһڸ𣿡
һǸҴ뿪
ɿ˵˾䣺°ȥ㡣͹˵绰
εЦˡ
ڼҵʱЩģѡһӰſţ͵ˡ
׼ȥ俴ûʲôʣʣһȾͳԵģʱ
ɻʱӦû˻ɣ
˵һ䡰ˡŲȥš
һžͿ˽Ҵææ뿪ֻ͵ˡ
ǴŽϳŵ·ͷϿʱ˺ܶࡣ
һһ͸͸ĴӣҿĸС
ϵĶͷ
Ҳ
ǽЬ
˵һ䡰ԼԽԲġ
Ьߵ򿪷С
ж㣬ⲻû𣿡
һ߹ȥɳ£æ
Լôܻûԡ
еķд򿪣к⣬мˣҡ
һңһзƵǰóһԿӷŵϡ
ҽ˵ҪúϢܾվš

 20 

ʱ̫ˣҲû̫עȥҽĻȥȥЩ̸Ļ
û뵽ȫȥˡ
ûӣߴٵ԰š
Ŷ
ʱֻ˾׽
뵽ʲôһڷ󣬿ڵˣҽԺﻨ˶ǮдЩټٷһ˶٣
еķͣңǲʲôҪƽϵô㶫ҪҼƽϣ
ҴǷκζǷˣû취ܲҽҩѶҪ˳ɣ
ȻǮΪ˴󷽲ƽϣⲻռ˵ɡ
һû뵽ȽϺʵĴǣţûɫԣ˵
£Ҿ㡣

Ҿ͵ƺʩˣԺҸỹˣһʱᣬδܳء
극ʰ඼ʣ˵û꣬˵ȫˡ
ѷжϣ׼ȫӵҳֹ
ⶼûأôҪ𣿡
ûӸոǳɢ̸߳ɫôÿһ
ǽɫƫɫƽؿʱΪ顣
ߣʣô㣬ܸ
ҿڼּҵŮˣô鷢
ֱӸ޳˫ϣʹֹͣеĶ⼸Ļҽͽ˰ʡһ٣˷ʳܿɳܡ
һһָٰѺϵķд򿪣ָųķ򣺡ȥϴһЩװ÷Ž䡣
˿δš
һ£ȥ
Ŷˮһᣬͳˡ
ԼſӰѲȫŪϣһԿţЩҸ˾ͺˡ
ͷҲû̧еĻˣҽ޺ӹͺˣͲˡ
ɳϣƽŶǾͽҲҵһݡ
ҲþܾϾǷϷүﲻá
СҿװõĲˣ¿ӣñʴװ÷Žɡ
̵Ϊؿ̲ˣԼĵλһʣˡ
ʴװãӴ򿪱䣬漸տҲŮһװʳһŰײˣ߸ûˣڰ̲˷Žȥֶһ
ű뵽ʲôϱţʼʰϵĲк
ҿһԲʰһּͥӡ
Ҳûٿֻ޺ӷϢ
Ҳ΢ţظ˵ϢҲûȥ⹨ڸ
һߵſڱߣЬ׼ߣû˿ˡ
רעϢҲûעĻ
СƢظһΡˡ̺Ų֪
ãȻػͷȫûȥǾ仰УһӦ˵ʲôܵŶ
˵ּ꣬Ϣ
ŹϵǰϦҺһ䡰ûĵļһ
ͷȥʱ򣬹ѾˣŽعţ·ڸոնĴ
ʼ磬û̫⣬СˣСƢ
޺֪Ťֻ󣬻ͦĵģϾҺʱ˶ϸܺãҲעԼİ鶼ˣҲû취
Լÿ춼ȥĿγҲȽ϶࣬еʱ극ֱȥϿˡ
Ҹ˵ûʲô£ҪǽͬҪˣƽʱҪһ˵Ļǿ㶫Եġ
ûô˯ã˷䵹ͷ˯
˯Ѻʱ仹磬ǰôеʱ̣Ǹ߿ˣҲῴԼһȥɽﵥ
ڣŲ㣬òڼƶҲ㣬ֻһЩӰ
Ӱһж˸˸ȫһĹ¡
ֶЩֲҿſţһ˴ڷ仹ֲͦġ
Ѵá
Ӱ׼ȥϲš
ŲĽȥš
޺Ӻ͹ˣ޺źһЩõĲˡ
һɫĴӣ治֪װʲô
޺ӿҵĽţüͷ߽˵ôôСİ
ҷɳ£νܲʱ򣬲СĲȵһʯͷŤˡ
޺ӻЬѲ˶ŽʣôȥҽԺ
仰ʱʶȥĿԣεرܿ
ʵʵ͸պȥҽԺ
޺ƳˣҲûȥϸڵֻȷʵסǱߣϿҲ·ֻɣûٶʣʼ֡
ԼŴĶóҿˣ֮ǰţ̡
Ҫȥ䡣
ôˣʡ
ͷûأԹԵԼ顣
û𣿾ˡ
·Ǽұ꣬ظԱ˵ţ̡
ô֪Լţ̺ˣ뵽ˣæʣ˽䣬Ǹʱģû뵽˻ͦϸĵġ
һ˵ЩʲôѾˣȻܾĻ
ɳ˺һᣬԼոȥϲģŲ
վ˸ĴˣԵӵ
ϴִųȥΪǡþڳԱߣ֪ͻȻ˹ǡҳȥ˶ûע⵽Էײ˸
һʪյֱץϹ·Ӧ죬ʱסֹˤ
ͷƮһ䡰˻Сĵ㡱
ͻȻðҴ»·˵㻵˼ץ£·ֱӵɲֲ
˷ֿ󣬹ͷԼ·ȫʪˣĳ˵צӡʪ˵·ƤЩĲֱÿ˿
ֱӱۣƹȥ޺Ӻ֣ûκ¶ϰأȻոչֻһǣһ
ûʲôľͱ㡣
ոյָлȻûи˶
Լ׸¸ʲôŪʪģ
޺Աǣ˹ϲ
ҳҪ
ҿڣƽ̹С˵޺ӱȣң㶼Ȳϡ
Լû׷Ů˾ͻȱ
*
޺Ӳ÷֮ˣȥš
һ˧磬ǵЦȫƲס
˧磬Ҳˣ
ҵĻû̫ı飺š
˧ûʲôӦҲЦ⡣
Ьȥŵһˮϡ
ҵĽţڻ𣿡
Ҷ˶ţû£·̫ѡ
£úϢȡϰ࣬һ̫ˡ
ЦڣͲܺúϰˡ
ϷУڵʱ㶼湤ôҡ
۳һ뵽˧æľͿʼЩֵ뷨ֿʼðͷӣľܺ͡
ϴҪ˵ˣʹˣϲˡ
۾ʧȥ˸ոǻԵĹ൱ʧΪԼʵпĵCPȻ˲ҡ
뵽ʲôð֪֪ƺ񹴴ŶǸ˧Ķ꣬ҽ쿴ڲˮĵƾͲû§ȥˣܵǲС
˲඼ˣһһ̵ض˳
мҡҡͷʱʱǸ֮ǰ׷أƲãͺˣȻúÿ˶С
˵仰ʱǡùŲ˳ǣע⵽ϻһֺõܵܣ㲻ǣ϶Ǿˡ

һĿޣҲֻǵͷתֽ˳
ȴǣԭôܻӭ

 21 

һӵĲ˶ϺˣҿʼԷ
˼ˣ̲סĴָӵܵĲҲܺóԣȻһ˲һš
ŵļͻȻˣˣ䡰һ˲һšͦĵġ
Թ޺ӰѲʰþʹ뿪ˣҲûɼ£޺һߡ
Ьǰͷɳĵ˵Ůˣ鸴ӡ
صᣬжǸѳȥԼˣȥѡ޿ΣʣлشϷ
ˣл֣صϷ
Ʋ֣Щ󣬡ôˣողȥŮԷ𣿡
ֻתȦʣͬ¾Ȼ׷
лںɸְ첻ȥҽԺסˣĹϵӦرĽչŶ԰Ҳ˵׷Ƕˣӱ޾ͺˡ
ôӣ͸ľͷһСûʲôġ
Ǿ仰˵úᣬлû
л룬һִαϣһֻŲϣһֱٲȻһָĵʦһ
㰵ʾ
Ƥ˶лڣôʾ
лǰ㣬΢ţ˵һЩҶоһ㣬аʾԵĻ˵׼ͻῪʼദĵεΣȻȻ֣Ĺϵ
˼ͬصͷ취
΢ţҵԻ򣬷Ϣȥ
*
Ҹ˺ܾãһ߳ˮһģֻӵɳһߣҲ֪
ʱ䲻ˣŸҡ
ҲֹֻϢ
ӡ
ʵҺ㡣
ҿϢ뵽ΣЦˣĻϢ
ңңҲܱңӵҵߡ

¶ģ쿪ʼȥһӴԺʼ˿鸹ĲΪˣ
*
ڼϢ죬Ѿȫ߶ǻܲ
ڼ޺Ӻ͹˼Σ޺ʱһ㶼Ƿ㣬˳ʱͬҲǷ㣬޺ȫһÿ˷ٴ
ʱûȥϰ࣬˺ܶ๤ػظλĵ컹ǸԸ˸ࡣ
ȵҲˣ칫ѾĵģһˣֻҵĵƵϡ
˸⣬ʢ޺˸ϣĵ·϶ŵƵĳ
ҿľ˻ʰ
ʹѾ°߷ڣɺܶˡ
һ˹ҹϰϰͬ
ǻкܶΪ۵ˡ
ԼðˣȻĻҪˣǲ֪õɣá
¥ݵʱȵøصӦ
쵽¥ĹսǴҿиӰҵſڣһǹ
ҵϣббվţֻվûվ
Ųߴֻ뿪ң˲üЦһֻ޶˹ڵӭؼҡ
Ҳ̨ףһ
óԿףԿ죬ܵĵһμ濪˸ͷ
ҵͷԿףʵôˣ
ע⵽ˣιʲôûֿտյģò䷹
ŲҰŴ򿪣Žȥ
䷹
Ȼǣˡ
Ҵ򿪿ĵƣűߴЬְԼİɳϡ
ñܶڡ
ҽˮˮȡ
ˮڼ䣬ҳɵɳϣ׶԰ȴͶʳС
ҿǽߣ˫ֱۣЩʴӵˣ鲢ûô򵥡
˿ʱ䣬Ѿߵˡ
˺ܾ𣿡ʣ𣿡
ַֻϥϣûкܾã
仰֮һܺĶӹ๾ˡ
ʵʵڵش˵
ͷۣСƱ磺Ҳûкܶ

ȥȥʳĿʼҪֻѼӲС˹ˡ
ûܷʢĲʽֻǼ򵥵һ̶ǳ⣬Źǣ峴ˡ
С˹Ե̻ʣһûڷȥöʳݶΪ
ҲǺܶԼСɣԹ뷹ͱˣ¿ӣǰʽسԷ
ҷ˿ӣķˣʣԱˣ
԰Ҳô
Ŷ
ƲаسԹеĲˣ׼ʰԱץסԸµ
˰æϴ룬ҲֵУʵɳϣæµӰ
ˮȥˮȡ
Ϳ˹һֵϴྫЩãȻͿϡ

߹ȥҪƿڹ̲ܽĺӰ̾˿
˷ϴྫģҲ̫˰ɣÿһ붼Ϳôһϴྫ
һùɫϴ벼һץϴྫ֣ϲ˲ϴྫϴ벼ϡ
ϴྫϴ벼ϾͺˣȻϴ벼룬ÿһ붼ϴྫ
ϸĵؽžԼôң
߶߶ؽһͨʣô𣿡
˻Ӧһͷȥܿߣ̻գ۾Ŷ֪ˡ
ЩƮ㣬һû
˰ˣҹӸʮָմˮҲ׽̣Ҳлϴ롣
ҰϴãĨɾϵˮ飬תֹվ
ôˣ
ԼıװЩˮҪˮ𣿡
˵ţԼϵıӡ
źɫմɱ¶ŮЦݣƽôĲԭֱ˵һѻ
Ų䵭Ҫ
ҿҲֹ֣ҪͲҪ𣬻װʲô
Ҳһ϶ֻǵԷӦûĿġ
Ҳ¶ǰ벿֣ûв¶Ժ벿֡
ҺһˮҪ׷Ů
һ˵òذʾ˰죬˼һڹ˸еܡ
ֱӱ⣬⼸춼ȥ
ʵֻ֪Լпʼ
Ŷѹֽô࣬ԭǿʼ˶ˡ
Ұˮϣպùؿӡ
˲̨
ҴЦģʼΪˣһ氮ˡ
Ц黹档
ҸİһһЩϸ֦ĩڡ
ô
αϣ˫Ժ󣬡ʲôô
ҵӴ˵㣬Ȼǽչ
תͷã֪񣬻Ĳ֪ԼϲĴûôֵŮˣǲ̶ܲʱûˣ
ûнչ
ҾȣûнչûϵȰѸҲǲԡ

ҵķ˽һʣĿ𣿡
󲿷ŮӶϲĺõ˰ɣ͸ϲ͹µŮһ𣿰֮˽֮ԼĶĺã϶Ǽ°
£ǰԼȥƶ˸ƻǸƻҪһԵߡ
֮·ڰ
ҿĬôãӦò̫Уɿӵߣ˼ҹҲˡ
Ҵ㻻򣬡ǹ̬ô
ν

ʵش𣬡񻹲֪׷
˼ʲôô׷Ůӵģ˼Ҷ֪ڸС
ǰըëŮˣĵҲ֪˭С
ʵǲˡ
ˣ׷ˡ
ң
ؿ۹ǣȶȣȷ黹죬õ

Ҫ˭õ

 22 

˻Է
Ҿùʵڲû¹׷˼Ҿ׷ʵû˵ĵͼ͡
Ǿ˶ͬһƵͬѼţ١
նһʱ䡣
ҵմɱΪʢˮˣŮЦҲʧˣͬһ޼ʵĺɫ
űȥٵˮӾͷꡣ
˵˾䡰ˡ뿪ˡ
źû뿪ǿǽϣЩЩί߶һӣһӣҵģСûĵġ
ǻһߣתſ¥иʮͷСкɫУ㶵վ̨ϣһڿһɵӡ
ӣʾظСкһۣͦص¥ү
*
գ˯еˣҴææϴ·š
ԽԽжٵǰף쬵ģź̫Ҳ̲סҪԽԽС¥µ֦ĴԽԽ١
ҵ﹫˾ӾҪٵˡ
·ˮʱÿһڴΣᵽǰ칫˧Ķƣ˵ٶνǿƵġ
˵Ƕʱ䣬ӦþͿʼǷ˼ھȻѾһˣİҲ̫ˣСҼһ
ҲûȥŰͻص칫ҡ
ֻЦĿҲ֪ڿʲô
ҲӦڿĶ˵ûʲô׷ˡ
Űλ·ɨֻĻȻĸ˧ǶȻһԻ
ҰѰϣ´򿪵ԣ˭أôģ
ϨֻĻֻŷϣֻ˧˵˧ײҵҰϲǡ
һɫ԰زסģŴŴ˵ҷҼ¥һ˧磬Ҫ΢š
ҿЦøƵģʳָ˵ĶͷҪ΢žôģ
ϧ̾ҡͷʳָһζ㲻ģϾ߶˧硣
֪˵ˡ
뵽ʲôڵŶ˼ѡ

ûõʱͰԹҵĶҲνᣬ˺þòҵһĺӰ
ıҵյʱ򣬱˸ĵģǶʱ䴦սڼ䣬ҲûиԷɫĳƬ˶ûЦһ
ЦЦˣҲ

ʮһĴߴ£ܿ͹ȥһ롣
ƺͶû֮ʱ˵ĸʱ֪˭ǳ˷֪˶׷ңʼս
ͬһ£Ҷ۾ģܿ
վ͸ͻźü죬˲Żص罺ʱ⡣
һжʱʱ²ĸǶЩϡá
ҶԴ˲ۣκ˵飬ģֻҪԼͺã˵£һ۶ǶԷëԼ
Ļöˣ۾ʼᣬҴ򿪳룬ҵɫСƿӣšҩˮգգ۾ŵͷʱɺƵϣҵ۾ﻹҩˮ߲ЩɣĲУǸܵǲ
Ҳûȥ⣬ùֱߵˮ׼ˮŷûˮˣӣվ׼ȥˮװˮߵע⵽Ķ
ϵĲʵҪȥװˮ˳װһЩɣݿȡ
ùϵˮӹݹһȡ
ҪﻹС
ҲϲЩ岻̫ãÿκ̲ͿȾͻʧߣһ㲻رȥЩ
Ұ־ܾһֻһȥˮ䡣
Ȱ忧ȣԼıط̨ϣ˺ȵİװıȥװˮ
ˮ˹˵ģҿŲˣصˮרעſĿȷĩûȫܽ⣬סСתܽøһЩ
һûײһˡ
ûıӣȵػһ£뱭Ŀȫˣǰɫ·°ڱŪŨŨĺɫ·ˮԺܺãմ˿յĲֿʼӣԽԽ
汻ײ˾䡰ݡгŵĿȵζŨˮζҲµߡ
̧ͷͿƣһϯɫĳȹ·ûŪֵ࣬Смκɫˮա
ƵɫʮֵѿֺҲƽʱ˼֣ƽʱǽεεȫһǹҪΧ˶Χۡ
ô°۾𣿡
һ˵һ̨ϳһֽŵزԼֱۡ
ƺҪ޳
´ܲ濴·Ҫû¾ײ
֪Լҧ£ѾΧۿˣо硣
ԲҲǹġ
Ʋ˲ֱۣùֽӵͰ
˭֪ǲǹġ
治ıӷ̨ϣֽԹԵزԼѾȾһźڵ·ͷȫû
׵ֽϱճĺɫҶһš
ƿһģˡ
֪֪治֪ġ
仰ˡ
߸ЬڵذϿ̶
ʣϷҲɢ
ҿŲҲĿգ굽㡣
ԼװһЩˮȣ侲侲
һص칫λϣֻǳȥ˸ˮͱôǱҲģôˣôŪôࣿ
һƵλãǸŮһĮԼ顣
˳ҵ߿ȥŵôˣ
£Լĳ⣬Ҳ֪ϴϴõ
ողСײһƣŪˡ
ݡǲǹģ
Ҳ֪ǲǹģ¶Ǹ̬ȾʮֵĲˬ
ҲȥƽЩ֪Ҹ˲Ը
߷߲ƽԼĺýñ۸Թۡ
´εȥװˮҲȥײײ
һ²һ£Ҳκιϸ
ˣҪˣ湤ɡ
Ӳˬˣ̫۸ˡ
׷㣬Ǻġ
ôẓ̇ء
һ챾þҪƽع꣬ĵƽ
վڰ칫ſڣ˵ڸһȥͻ
վţίͰͣҵ·ŪˣȥĻԿͻӡ̫ðɣ
칫ԭΪ쵼ĵøİһڣ칫ҵ˶֪˵ķˡ
ԴۣǾ仰յĿռﲻͣػص
ڴҵĿⶼϡ
վϬؿڰ칫
ҰȥһȹΣ
üôãҲ̫˽Ů֮ĶСĻ
ֻǵطЩ飬ͷ˵˾䣺ˣؼһˣ·ɣ㽫ַ㣬ֱӹȥ
˵뿪
ƿʼʰԼĶ
Թ޵ؿǸ޴̵õ塣
̲衣
¼Լ飬Ҳûȥ˵Ŀ⡣

 23 

ڰ°࣬Һһʰؼҡ
ؼҵ·ϣһֱ²ơ
벻ӵֵôĲ
һδ
*
ҳ˵ڣΧѾʼˣʳָֻһֵĸ߹ʱ̣̲ΪͿϵ»ˡ
ҵȵ̵ƹ·ŽֵһᣬǰһҽĴƣһʮˣ滹д˺ü֡ɱĽĺġһ¥ݿڣ۵¥ݿ߳һüûӰ
֪ʲôԭ򣬿֮ҽƷһĸʼɢȥ
ǰȥΪոս꣬ĺڷеĺ飬ϴ˼ɫTһп㣬š
ιսꣿ
Ȼûϵ˻һ㵵ؿңؿڡ
ˡ
ɨһۣܿͷҰɫϵһźڡ
ôģ
ָҵ·°ڡ
Ҳ⣬ܵСŪġ
ÿ춼
죬Լһ㡣
ɡ
뵽޺ӵĿγ̱ôôУ
ѵϿ𣿡
ûҵˣʲô˵ȫһҽ̵εҲȺͿˣĵ׵ʵ뷨ֱ˵Ŷһ㶼ȥϿΣżȥûȥ
˵꣬ź֪
ҵȻصˡ
ôӿΣǶԼ𡣡
ͷʵͽĲϲҽרҵС򽻵᲻Ȥ
ΧҲŹߵһ䣬΢ûô
ԱһҼªСƵ꣬ϵƿʼƣƤԭǵɫģ޵ɫȴðҲʼᡣ
Ҹ棬㲻ϲĻûпǹתרҵ
û⣬һ㶼ǵùҹһһ졣
ûС
Ҽ׷ʣϲʲôרҵǶķȤ
룬ʵҲ̫ԼҪְϣѧһרҵԺܹ̳мҵ
Ұϣѧڡ
ѧ𣿡
ȷҲ֪
ҸıߣҪһЩڵͬѧҪǾȤ¸ѧתרҵ
һתҵͷ˳ĳȫһЩϸ³ëڶǣһֿɰ֮ɫͻȻͷ
û
ǹ谵һǣҿǻЦ⡣
аѧϰԾܲĩ㣬ලලңҾͻúÿˡ
뵽֮ǰ޺Ӷۣȷʵһѧϰ̡
Ƭ̡
ɿ𣬡Ҫû˿ңҾѧҽҸûע϶ôɬ鼮
ˡ
Уɡ
¶óѵɫһ˲š
ãǾһΪϾȥ㡣
šҿɫҴҵ·ˣָʾɺɫתɫҪȥˣɡ
·߱߻֣ãǰݰݣȥ㡣
ҿ·ѣúÿ·
Цݱ·͵øĿתײˣ£תͷңεһЦ
εЦţȻëͷСӡ
*
ҸƵĹϵڻ˳۵ڼ䣬칫ҵ˶֪ˡ
ԴǴƵôѿ˾ͲڶԶԷ¶һ˿Цݡ
һ񶼲ʩƣȻԾԾԵҪССرһ£ֹˣϣ˵ĹϵټˣѾ࿴ˣڰ칫ִһʮѿ顣
ҲûٴЩ˼ֻżڱ̲סҪ䡣
ƽضȹһܡ
*
ڵ壬ֿԺúϢһʱˣҲÿ۷ˣá
ջصСſڣҸкС·ߵ¥ݿڣڴֻˡ
ҽһȣһ죬ص
óֻ¥
ǹ΢ţǵҪȥ㣡
һЦЦΣһСӡ
ֻôֻĻϢ
շͳɹͿס¥ϸڵСкҲס˺üˣҲʶΧļھӣСкһ꼶
ż°඼ܿǴһɫУͺܹ֮ǰĹ䣬˵ĹϵҲÿμҵʱ򶼻һ㡱
ɴɫУЦЦ㡣
¥ݿЩխվм䣬һ̨ףߵһߡ
Ӧһţȥ𰡣
ûˣȥΡ
·࣬·Сġ
кͷţݰݡ
ݰݡò
ϵ¥óԿ״ţ򿪵ƣſһУŵûɳҲ˵ƣҲ˿˵
ЬԺͻȻðһλݣҲǲ̫ˣĸ΢Ͽģŵ˼һסʵܿƢûطûطߣҲû˿ɷֻһһУۺ벻á
Ǹʱûʲôĸдֱô¶ѣҲʼˡ
ѹô˿㡣
̾˿򿪱䣬滹ʣһƿţ̣ǹ֮ǰġ
Ȼںȣ뵽ոθãڵͲֿļˡ
ҿԼóһƹϣһС̵⣬ǡ
Թڷóһ鿴
ԴĽ˺֮ҲûȥܲˣŸպһԭı仯һԭڴеܲĻԵЩӷףųҲ
ԣϰߣֻڼ٤
ҿ˺һʱ飬ոֻ΢ŽʱæҲûȥ
ڲ輸ֻǹܲ䷹ԼҪŬ̿ѧϰһļ־
Ҳûܾ֮ǰô࣬ЩС£ԼҲ̫ƽϡ
٤ЪϢһᣬȥϴ衣
ԡɵģҿžģģеԼֲ˲ϵˮ毺õŮ˲
˵ģѧŻױ϶òҪҪģԻѰ칫Ǹŵ޼ȥ
Ҳûʲôʱ̬ȻڸƵĹϵܽΪ˳ۣǾûʲôȲȵģ˻Լɡ
ϴ裬ڴ˻ֻ˯ˡ
ĩûӣɻǱɵӽѡ
֮ڴϹ˹ֱˢ
һֱǱȽǳߵģҲ˯һ˯ţǱȽƣǾڣȻĻ˯ܳʱ䡣
Ҹˢ˹ɵͦȵģСӾȻô𴲣Ҳ˵ɣ
˿еĭڣȥš
һžͿվſڵĹһɫӵĳһп㣬ϱ飬һķһ֧ʣŴ͡
û뵽һѧ֪ģģġ
ˢתԡңôô磿
Ь
Ѷڲ輸ϣԡæŮˣͣҷиܺóԵ͵̣İĺܺóԣһЩ
ϴ꣬ϴ˰ųԡҡ
ϵˮ黹δȫɣм˳
ҿͣ򿪣һԣǰײڵģζǲͦġ
ڴؿһȴСȵؿ
Ҳ˼Ļ룬ͦóԵġ
𴽣ϴϴ֣ԼҲһԡ
ţҲúóԡ
ұ߽˵Ҳӡ
£漴ָֻܿ糣û뵽ҾȻôණһͷ׾ٵر㶨˺óԣҲʲôŮ
Խ˽Խԡ
ڿʼЩܴǹˡ
Ҳˡ
ҡ
ˡ
û뵽ĶôࣿӴóóһܲеһݸҡ
ƺ˼ȻȻؽӹݹĶ
˵ðɣ̫æˣǹ࣬Ҿʲôѧ˵㡣
ָҼһ֣Т˳
ڶӴ䶹Ĳ
ҷĶط飬һǳɫѧĶ֣мҳͼûѧҲ̫
ҳֺϡ
Ѿþûôרҵĸˣоǰѧϰһ롣

 24 

ͺ󣬹ʰо֡
Ʊ㣬Ϳʼʽݡѧϰ
ѧʼűʡ
Ҳһ
˰ظԿԼ飬ţһ¾õĸо
ҿſţе飬ȥϲոǱ¶ǣЩûš
ҽ꣬ϴֳ
ؿϵݣȫûпȥ˼޳ָһҳҲ׷ŷҳֵʳָָͣתǦֱʡ
ʮǰ֪ʶȫսȥˡ
Ҳ̴ŲصԼλϡ
ûתʣʼǣⱾӦòһѧϰ֮˵Ϊ˼ۣ⼸ۿÿһҳոµģûκεıʼǣһ߶ûл
ҵͷԼ顣
ʱôһһعȥ
Ȿ飬Һŵ輸ϣΪ̧ۣɫȫǾ֪ʶĳŷһ˿
Ҳ֪ûпȥһ֣ƼʵӵͼͷĿѣ
㿴ôãҪ㣿㿴ôûгЧ
΢䣬һҲôͻأش顣
С
ҽӹݹ飬乨Ǽҳһҳǹġ
ţţ϶˽ԵĶǾʰɡ
ʳָߣȻͣ¡
ʲôš
꣬
˼ΣžһԴ״̬һԴһȺˣһ״̬һ״̬û˵״̬⣬ȴ˵״̬øá
£Ӧôž˼
ҿϵרҵͣĻشӽϵĶ壬벻ڽⷽ滹ͦ츳ģ
ڹʳָĴָ䲻ͣתȷǣһиŮˣڽֻһڿҵмĻͿܶĻи͵ʵš

ǽסˣǹӵı
Ұ黹Լ鵽ﻻһ
ӷڿѧǴ򿪵һҳոһҳɫǦֱʷһԡ
еˮ죬Ӧȥʢˮˡ
ԭλ飬ûһҳڲ輸ϵֻˣǲֻǺɫģźɫֻǣĻŹ⣬ҿʾǹ衣
һɨָ׼һҳʱһСռ𣬷תƣ˷Ϯ
硭
ȫסˣָסһҳֽûȫͳͳʧֻʣ޷Ŵ
ǵʾֲʵŮһһѭš
ܿʹ˽Ų
ֻңߵ̨ӵ绰
ֻú⣬ġ
ֻһͷ֪ߵغСӣ
ﶼŭ𣬶ݺݵض̨ǵӰ
ûã˵绰̨ȫûһץϴϷֱ̹̹׳Ȼ
˹Լλãֻŵ輸ϣֱӺҵŭĿǿнҳ
һֻ㵵ɫдֻ롣
Ҳ롣
ڨڨʣһ˭Ҳܴѧϰװģ
վԱһץסֵʳָָֻʶ𴦣ҪĽϱˣֻ棬ıһӦֻĳʼ棬кüappû˼ȥᡣ
ֱ⣬һ˵šСӣȻ¼ǧû뵽㻹һ֣˵ôôƤôϰס
һߴֻãҵֻɾΪ硱ַ¼¼Ҳһɾ
ըëСϻһֳ°ͣеĿ֣üɫɫһѪӣﶼǶֺգ޲ð븹
ЦҲֳˡ
νѾ¼ϣprֻֻԭ滹ڵԵcﱣúúõء
һУ̧۾ʼٸ߻شЦ⣬͸
ֻӵ輸ϣѵһ졣
ʲô˼ҿ֪֮ǰһʼ֮䣬Ҷȷʵе㲻ã㣬Ҳɣ̫ˣҪҶӦˣ㾹Ȼ¼ô˵ҶǱ곤
ЦݣڳһOKƣԼͽ̬ȡ
ã֪ˣҵĴҾ棬һ˻Բ𡣡
´λҡ
ҿ΢Ͽҵ̬ȣҲ˴룬Ҳ޷ĵܼܵƽϡ
²Ϊϰס
Ŷ
ʵĸ߹ʱ̣һֱܵܵܵܵؽУˣô˵ԼҲһˣԼϲ˵Сӣ͸ÿʯͷѹؿûʲô
òͷǸоܲˬ
ϰףԼˣ
Ĺĵصͷ飬
ңͷװ飬ǲزסЦݡ
ﰵ˸ԺΪרĻ϶û
ߴ͵͵̧һۣһһ
ոŵĸ
϶֮ǰһϿεʱǵſΣͻȻһͨɧŵ绰
ϯʮѧȫ۾ΣֻʦͳƵڽ̨أֻ
ȫˣϿεʦ񶼱ˡ𾪵ضڿŵߵѶŵĿɿڴıʵϣ
ץűʵһ٣Ƭ̣ܿͻعͣضеıʣӿڴóֻ绰Ȼеʼǡ
·ոǸͻأֻȫûϵ
ǴһȴӦʱˡ
˺ð죬óֻ˿ʱ䣬Ѿʮһˣÿʼ緹ˡ
һǣ֮󣬿ͷȫעڿˡ
ոջĻֲͷ
Ҷݺݵضĺף촽ض˶
ȥ
*
Ҳ緹ʶȤؿʼʰϵĶѲ輸ϵ鼮ãȥæ˲ˡ
Էʱûɫһ˿µ˼ԡ
ˣú塣
һңƤЦֺõζԣԵ㡣
ûؿһۣеԼּлȥ
Ŀпˮ

ԹֹʰĶҸϡ
Щ˱˵һףȴһףǰס
ȥ
ȥϴ
óֻմ΢ţ뵽ʲôų˾䣺ǵðϴྫϴ벼ϣϴǵðϴ벼Ҳϴɾ
ֹҵСˣ
ҿ΢ţеġ
һһȥԼᣬ׷һʱ䣬нչˡ
ֻĻ
ҶֻĻɵЦոǸԹȫһòԼǿ
ǲʣЦʲôأЦôģ
۾ֻĻѿڶͬ£
ҪϢҪʱֹסˣָֻǸĮı顣
ʲô¡
պʣ˷Ž䣬ͷЦĿ
һ仰ͻȻԺ֮ǰʱ˵ڰ칫и˧׷
˲о
ǰѲû߶ãѵҪһµѣ
ҧأԼüӿ첽
ڸû취ӿ죬ڶǲ䲻Ƕһ׵ĵܵܣڸףʧܵĸ̫ˣңܾܿͲôܣ϶Ű취Զ
ԲУ
ϰ죬óһֻۣܶˢˡ

 25 

Ҹ˻죬ͷֻ顣
һҳжȹ
ٲȻչʾԼ߳ϴ뼼ɡ
յ΢ţԼһȥԸ
£лȥˣֲһ˴ڼҹһ˵ʵ̫ˣԼҳһ֣ԳԶ
˵ԼԼ뵽ʱǸĿֻӣ̽Եһ䣺ڼҳԲ𣿸Ҫȥԣ
ԼŻط䣬ȻΪԼԼһȥ䡣
һ룬ûȫϾһֿܡ
׻Ů
ڷӦһ԰
Ŷ
Ҵ¹һɨȥ·ܶ඼Ǽ򵥵´һӣ룬Լܾûдȹˡ
ʳָһ·һɫĳȹȹģЩһɫС硣
õԡȥ
һѾʰԼĶˣֻڿתͷȥû뵽޵ˡ
ûҴȹӣŵĴɫȹȫһˣһ͹ɣСұƵġ
ҿ۹ͷԼС磬һ䣺ô
ŲۣƽС
ҴԼȥƽʱСվڿм䣬߰ɡ
βŶ
ǰȥҸں棬Ьתš
һתͿվſ֪ʲôģǧҪӿ
Ҹ¥Ϊ¥Щխ˵ļżд
һۣӦл˵ʣôˣ
һڿˮŻɵ˵Ǹ12²ǿ𣿾ҪӢļˣҰɡ£Ӣﲻ̫ãҪලһѧϰ͸һ
Ҳͬ⣬ֲһ䣺ҿ϶ŵģҷġ
˵žָϵؿҡ
ֻСܿ϶һ᲻ٹ
ҿŽµ̨ףҿ㾲ѧϰûбҪ˰ɣ
ģԼȷʵû˿ңҾ;ѧϰ̲סҪֻϷԽ춼ĹͣȻĻĩͰװ׻ķˡ
ûɧŵԼʱһףԷʱһ˫ꡣ
Ҳ֪ôˣͬദ֮ЩìܣʶĲһÿ͵ദҪڼһʲôʲôϣû˻㣬κ鶼ҪԼ
ùĵҲûô⣬Ҫһ㡣
µһ¥ҲŻӦţаɡ
ģǾһΪֲ£ŵ֧žһϡ
ȥǡùҲΪұȹԼҲһ㡣
űʵĩˣҪǽڷס˱ʼ⡣
ǱŽһ㡣
̧һۣ۾ɫ߲ҿ̺ʲôֻǾúȥϢü
Цδȥ˫ԣͦıһ˫Ŀֳһޡ
ð죬ջߣıʣɿ֣գգ۾ԼʧΡ
ָƽ䵭ǿ߰ɡ
׫ıʣñѧⱾķ棬ƽʱ˼֣еƶ䣬ᣬᵽҪƮ
лл
̧뿪ֵķΧʻĻͻȻ任˹š
ϸıӰȹһλã߶ȹƮûͷһͷںڵĳɢ
ӿȥ
ͻȻô죿
ҴӰóֻʱ䣬̫ˣٲ㣬ҾҪٵˡ
Ц⣬ոտȫˣԼxxxط棬ڲʮ֣ȥֻǰӵʱ䡣
ֱǰת֮ʣ˵ʵ뷨޷ƵģҪͻƺð뷨
Ư
*
ҵԼĵطʱʮķ֡
ûȽȥźţһƬǺܳģһ㣬ϾرˣǡھǸ߷ڡ
ƺܴ嶼͸ʳƴɵ壬ǻȵĺɫſһŵؿڵиƷŮԱվſڵһ߷һŵӣ漸ˣмվԱֻɼж𱬡
ſڵķԱһź롣
վڽֻ
ʮ֣ŵ
ϢЩȷʵоĴһȻÿ춼ữױױݸ£ػߣ۾ˣ䣬üëеһü
ͺݣϰûкȡŽĵ洩˼ɫС磬°ǽ㣬ĸо
ҽ쾹ȻȹӣҺܳǲʳ˼̻Ů
ûʩ죬ŵЩ
˺ܾ𣿡ʡ
ҽֻŻذ
ãرáɻӴӡֽЩˣûأӦûҪ϶ʮӡ
ĺ룬̧ͷһԵĺʾ189202ţȷʵҪһʱ䡣
Ҵ죬ʱ䡣
ôԼô
ߵذǰбְϹŵһ౦Ҽ
Ҿʿ
ŶҵβӪϢôʿ
ûбϵĺ౦Ҷӣҽһ緹ȸӣЦǣĿȥˣҺްû뵽ҵôӭһ쿪ۡ

ŷ˸߸Ьľ߱Ұ֣ϰʱ˶߸ЬܿͷҪ΢΢ˡ
ҿһɫԺͻȻܳһǰӵĻҺļ¡
ﰵһԼʲôֵ˼
ֳܿһ⡣
ҽںɫô
ҿڴؿԼĺ촽˼롣
û̫ʲôɫƽʱõҲû
ȵĿУҡҡͷ
Ļ˲Ϩε̾˿ҡҡͷ
СʱûãְĳĽ̵
ӣ㲻Ҫ˽һⷽ棬ȻĻһõƤҲ˷ѡ

ҽõնɫɫɣٺ٣ҪҲʺҽá

ҷĿʱ⣬˵˵ţʱ͹ȥˡ
ֵܿǡ
Һ׼ŷԱȥʱһ
Ӧͷơ
Ŷ֣һͷʱÿһ¶ĸ첲ΪʲôҪ
߽ɫϾͱˣڳһԶ̬
ɰⶼλ
òЦЦ̬ȣ԰ɡ
ƿ𴦣Բ˵
ҿԱߵǵķԱùʽ̬ȣ˼ҪȥԷˣɣҲĿġ
á
Һ˫λţ̽ӿңôò
Ҳ֪Ų˵Ҹоҵ̬Ⱥͦģ

˺ûȶãԱϲˡ
Һֱܳӵ
ĺɫȵòϵطɵİڶϡ
Ųµ
æԼ͵ųԣпһ
Ӱ̫ͻˣ˭ҪǸһǿ϶Ϊϱϵ
ҲΪ⣬Ӹոռй࣬õðݵˮݣϡ
ǰô͸ҷأ
뵽Ǹǰѣ͡
Ϊû۹⡣òǻ
ҵȻûУʱƤûգһ£е㻳Լǲʲôϰ̸̫
óӽ˽ڵµ⣬ûС
ôĮ֮ǰҲûֳѹӣ;ҿ϶Ϊһа
ҿ͸ˣ˼
лл˵д¿ʼһ𣿡
ҲԼһ飬㣬ûкʵѡ
ҲǣȥȥģҲǼˣҲûʲô˧֡
һ⣬ϧҪҿܻΪĵϱ

ܸѶô˧ҪٵҾͿˣʵǸҲֻϴ˵Ѿϲˡ
Цţ޺Ӱ˳ɲϲ͵ŮôȰѧϰôǻһͬ͵Ůˣһͺͷĺг˷ˡ
ôһѣҲ֮ǰ˵ϲˣҲ֪ǸŮûʲôչӦҲûеģȻĻʱæѧϰ
סס飬Լǣ
ҧһ⣬һڲˡ
Լ»ûͿʼҲ
ԺҪϲˣһø˵һıߡӦҲòң϶Ǳ׷㣬ó֡


 26 

Ҹһվͷֿˡ
һصСѾǰ˵ʮˡ
˻ûȥ֣Ͻ϶˳ԹеˣҲ̫ϲ֣ϲ߹䣬Ư·Ůˣֿ࣬һõϲĶǺαԼҿͷأ
һļϡ
ʱҪԼǲͶ̥ˣԼô˵ҲӦǸŶԣŮ˵ĺܶ᲻¡
صɳϿ컨巢ſԼ
ðŻع뵽Լһʱûи޺ϵˣҲ֪ô
뵽⣬óֻ޺ӷһ΢š
ңæ
޺ûϻظȷʵ磬һ͸ʧһ˭
ȥ٤棬٤ȥϴ衣
ϴ裬׼ֻȥ棬޺ӻûлظ
Ҳû⡣
Ҵ΢㿴ӣͶ壬˵ԼѷĤʱĤˣ̰׵ֽϡ
ҿЦЦַ֮˼Լ˵ĻҲ
ûãҾ;Լ۾Щɬ쿴ôõ飬ϻֻ۾ס
Ұֻڴͷϣ˴ͷƣ˯˸뵽졣
ֻ˸Ϣ첻ôˣ˹ˡ
ܿͻϢá
*
ҵڶ𴲵ʱſ޺ӵϢҹʮһŻ
޺ӣμ˸еæ
Ҳˣϴ
침û磬Ѿ˵ˣ˻û
ҴȦҹȦİ＾ɳ԰ȷʵ
ͼɳ԰ĵĹ㳡㳡мһ̳ЩɫĻ䣬ҽвЩ֡
Ҹ˸ޡ
ˡ
ҷֻȥţվ⣬ȷʵûдˣһţ̣Ҳ֮ǰ֡
ϵǴţ̵ݸңûӣ˫ֱۣôţ̡
ûдӹȥϵŵЬϣԼóЬϡ
㲻ϲ𣿡
ת֣ˡ
ѾŲͬĿζˣôˣ
´θ㻻һƷ֡
ֻǲƷˣԼŹǮİõسĺġ
˼棬һЩˡ
ƽʱڼˡ
Թͣ˺ţ̵İװóܲȥҡ
ҽӹлл
˳ҲЩڿʣԼóһƿȡ
ҿƽϴ㲻˵ϲţ𣿡

︹̣ôЩȫҪĶͼǵһ
ȫûһ˿Σ˵ˣҵԵжôĲúȣôˡ

ڣһԣ飬û½ڡ
ֶһ£ͷҲû̧ˣڵٺȵģţ̲ŽҲԵġ
Ŷ
Ҿ˵Ϊʲôţûƽʱĺúȣԭǲģһˬ
һ£һ¡
ҿžѧܸȤһҳһҳ֪ƣ롣
뵽ܿʼ12·ˣӢļԾҪˣŬѧϰӢĻôܹء
㲻˵ҪѧӢ𣿡
һ٣ѧý׼һȥӢļģ⡣
ۼ⣬һӾͲ˲ԾùǱģ⣬ָϽǵúɫǦֱд֣ôñ˵ģ⣿
Ǹ֡꣬գұߵ۾۰Цıʷŵ輸ϣֵʳָָϵصڲ輸ϡ
ңϰ⻹ûȽãʱٻ
üģ˦輸ϣպ䵽ǰ
ҾӢﻹĲ̫ģֻʣʮ죬ʮҪˣϻ·ϣ

Ҳ̫˰ɣ̬ȻļҪʱ򿼸
Ƿ̡
ʼ磬ܿ϶˵϶ġ
Ҽ䳰ȷǣ嶼ûС

ģ⣬һҳӢﵥʣüûһ¡
һҳֱȥĶġ
ҿֱԹͬӢռıҲǺܴģɼӢ˴ѧҵҲûΪΪÿˢʱֱܿôأ󲻾øѧû³
ҿαϣ飬ָŹģ⣬ôɲУıռ˺ܴһ֡
òַһҳóֻɨĶά룬漴ֻһںţע֮ɻƵ
ؾصһУȻƵ
еĺ޸Ůʼصڿ
ֻźãʻΪҪĵʡ
ؿԼ顣
쿴ǱȽɬĵ¾ǱС˵ˣҲûкܶ飬ֻ˼ѧʱڵרҵαоⱾ¾ˡ
Ȿ¾ɼ͸ģʱҹʱһۣǰҹ˾Ѿ棬ˢúܾɥʼԼǲΪԼ㣬ɼΪ˰οһľһ¾
ȷʵЩʱĥĹ֪ʶȷʵ˸ı̬
ֻǿЩҪȫĵͶ룬ҪǷĻͺ񣬿ȥ
ҶŴ˯Ӣ۾Ѷ֣۾ʼתƤʼܣԴǱǦԽԽ
ҾԼҪŲȥˣƶ壬ɳķ֣쳤˫ȣڴϣŷֳ֣ڷϣ֧Լ°͡
ʼ˯
ͷӢһ֣еŮcֵĿ
ͰʣµĴ𰸶һ飬̧ͷۣͿɳϴ˯ҡ
˫˵۾գੲݵ촽ССԴһֱҡҡλΣҲĶػζ
ҵԴҪײæֽס
Һ˯ˣûʲô֪ԴŹơ
CֵӢѾʼˡ
ѾϾ˼
һҵԴһÿϵ顣
ҵԴԼֵı䣬ȥ䴦
ҵŹĸ첲ȵĺģֶһ¡
Դ˶۾ôˣһ˵žôǰһ뿪
ҿűûĹʣ
ջֱ֣ͦ˫شࡣ
ҿ˯ˣ㱧ط䡣
ŲŲһľ룬Լţûв壬ȻĻΡ
û£Ҳˣɡ
Լλϣ˿̣ӢѾȫˡ
ͻȻĿռ䱻ΰΧ
ҵˣĵ¾˼ͷɵˡ
̫ˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ոնܸܵͺˡ
УⲻУȲ˵Щ˼ҿϲ˵ģ׻Ӧñ־롣
ҾӦøһľ֮ڣӦٹĽӴˡ

 27 

̶̵ӣҾʹùʱ䲻ҪˣӦԼͼݸϰһѧϰΪء
ԣô˵϶ԡ
緹ʱ䣬ҵĲԾЩߣ
ǲΪոԼΪʼĶˣ
ѵҪʼ˵Ĺϵ
ԽԽ˷ܣȻСˣȴñϵɽ亣ζҪζ
ûʮӡ
ſ˵³극Ȼȥɡ
һˮ
ɴˣûһ̵Ҹ߳ͱΡ
Ϊʲô
ҿ϶˵ΪҾǵĹϵе׽
ҵȻ˯
еؽӻҲġ
Ҳ̫ϰߣȥԼúÿɣҿһ츳ˣһԾѧϰˡң߰ɡ
ٴһ£û˵Ļᡣ
԰ɡ
ζͬ
*
ڸɳϣſʼֺڵ컨壬ֱ飬СŴڷϣûо۽
Լƺĳ˴ˡ
ʱû˯򿪵ӿ硣
12·̫ÿ˯е
ûйҵصĹ
һϰ࣬絽°࣬صһ˳Էֻ٤
ҾùԼûٹ
ڹ˵ʵϸ
ǰƽʱһȥЩĲɣڽɳʱԺﶼǲ
ߵһ̧ͷͿкüͬܲѸ͵ܣ̵ͦƨɣǰһֱš
㱼䣬뵽ҵıӰҵıӰûôǿҵϸֻҴ̿㣬Ǽס۵ĳȣһ˫ӡ
һԼͷôһ˵ıӰ뵽ң
һǿ׳ļС
ӿڴóֻ΢ţһ΢ȺϢըѰæϢûбϢȲϢ
Լжˣо綾
һᣬ
Ľͬһѧģڼǰҵˡ
ҹϲ˶Ҳﵱ˸רŸŵСƶļƻ
ڵ˶ϵļԣֱ϶
ƺЩ䣬һߴ˶ĴһʣôˣƲ֣
Ͼ֮ǰʱϲüҵġ
״̬һ
΢ŵ̾һһ⣺ҪӴǿвУ
û̫ı仯ѾսˣܶСҪٳɣӵкģĶҪʱĴĥ
еվԱߣУֶҪѭ򽥽ص˶ֻﲻĿġ
޾ɣŶ
еǱи˽˽
ȥȥͻأȸһϰ
еֱһ
Ҳ֪˶ãѾﵽ˶ûͣ
ĳʱ̣Լ巢һĴ졣
һĵۡ
ϷſеַֻԼ
ͿĲԾ
ʣôˣ
µСҺŤˡ
ԹԵˣûȥûȥҡ
ҪǸŮֱָ֪ŷӳЦ
ֱӢļˣҲûȥҡ
*
ڹ˾ֵַԼĹ
ٽףҲһһȵԪҪˣǻʽӡ
۹ͷƺͶˡ
һʱô߹ĵطζȴͬİ·涼к
ˣÿԼƯƯҲûбֳرܡ˵飬ҲֻЦЦһ˵
Ȼİ飬ÿȥҲ졣
£νĵˡ
Ϳ˳ˡ
緹ڼ䣬Ů˰Եʱ̡
һŷףһطڷϡ
ӣǴġ
Ҷڱ˵飬Ҳ
ǲ֪ΪʲôĿտյģյ˾ʱҲһˣڵʼϰˣиԼ졣
һ֮ǰ̫ƵˣںȻ˳һԽܶѡ
Һû˵ǰ˻Ρ
ιӻ
ãȻؿŶôˣ
һڷԣࣺôĲɵģ鲻𣿡
ҡͷûа
˵˵Ҹո˵ʲô
뵽֮ǰ²۹˾ʳõķ˲óԡ
˵˲á

ӣֻڷϣǲʲô£
ҿǰ㣺ûС
϶У˵˵ɡ
ƲƲ죬תȦ۴ңе㵣ҵܵӢļ
ţСҲǵܵܡ

Ĳ֪˵ʲôãû취붫ҶЩҪ顣
ǻϲ̫༱Լ϶ܽģʲôְ
ţ˵ĶԣǿԷɡ

*
1231ġ
һ磬칫˶סˣĵ
ҶվǰӣŰ칫ңңһȥ𣿡
ҷеĹͷ˼Ƭ̣˰ɣҽЩۣؼϢȥɣĿġ
˼Ȱ˵ϾҿŶΨĴŮֻԶۣҲ
ȥң̫ٲμǵĻˣҶǲʳ˼̻ĸ֮
ҾѾ˵ϣҪԼǾܾĻе㲻̫ˡ
Ĭ룬Ǻðɡ
˸OKƣƤգգۡ
̶Ҹڵȥ𣿡
֣˲ˣҽԼ
˵˲⣬һԼĶжˣ۾Ӵ㣬԰
˻ҪС꣬һƺ㲻ˣûϲԼĸ鱻ó٩
ȥȥȥȥ
˻صλãҲͷȥ㶨ˣ
ԣ㶨ʲôȻ
ǫ飺һһ룬Զء
ҾٶѾˡ
һ£Խгˣ뵱ɼһ£ǣ֡
˰࣬һȺһѷȥſ
Ҳһ
һ°࣬꿨뿪ˣȲȥˡ
ҿǰһȺˣĬظںͷƽʱڰ칫ҲԾܽľֻ
һָ̣ĸоǲԼӦ
꿴ں棬ŻŲҼ粢ߡ
ҿͻȻһӰӣ̧۾ô죿
ǿΪ֮֮ǰûһֱûҵһʺϵĻҵģھʱ
ʵԲ𡣡
Ҳ֪ǸӺζ
Ϊʲô˵Բ𣿡
겻˼ͷ̾˿Ϊ֮ǰǸΪҲ㣬Ĳ˼
ǰһȺĵˣϵĺü·˶ͷۣȫûʶԾϲվȺм䣬ƺҵĻⶼйء
룬һһϰ߳ΪȺˣһ˵񶼷ϵˡ
أ˵˾䡰أ
ǰĺü˶׷׻ͷͶ֮
ҿǵȻζҲ˹ôÿ
ǰͷһ˴һڣ٬û뵽ŶŮ˧ϵǳ
ļؼˡ
òһЦͷ龰
꿴ҵĵƣǰǸ˺˾䣺ҽ
ո˵ǸڨڨҲټ٩ҵҲŲ
ոûüشģ˵Ѿϡ
Ҳ˵ȥ˾ͲҪˡ
ʵҸĲʺϣҷ
һ񺮣Сˣˣ׷׷ˣҲˣ֮Ϳʼڱǳڲȡͬ飬²һԼ֮ǰĶⶼȡ
Լѡ׷˵ģûǹҪµʱӦÿǵһζؽԭڶԷϡ
Įֹ˵ȥȥˣϲѾˡ
꿴ҵɫ̫ãҲû˼ȥĻҲû˵
ԼûийȻҲڱ˵
ԼȻеͬƣ
ǵ˾Ĳ͹ݳԷҪǸһ·ԣҪ۵СۣΪˡ
䣬ҷ׷
Ҳһ飬иλպ߶ˣֱ߹ȥ£һû
κԣ˶óε˸λ¡
ոǰ洵ڵˣ˼˵ڳŮˣߺšŮʿȡ
Ҳһݣ˵ãŵŮ˷ûˣƹȥ
ȵɡ
ŮЦŵл
ˣԱܿϲˣҳ˰뷹ͳԲˡ
ڿơƣ͸Ĳơ
ҾƷ̫ãҾҲܾ˵ݹľơ
һ˳ԳԺȺȣ졣
漸ڳ̡
ܲŨζʵǺǣû˳̣ߵļҲû˳̡
ȥһ¡
һ䣬˺ܶࡣ
ȥϴּϴ˸֣ڴֻˡ
óһǹϢδϢ
ҳһֽɾ֣΢ţϢȫһˡ
֮ǰģǸոյġ
ʲôʱ°ࣿ
üӰɣ
ôϢ
̫æ
ҿĸʾ䣬Цˣͦûˡ
ָĻϻ˻
ֻֽĻϢ
ңôˣҸ
Ϣصĺܿ졣
ֱ˶Է롭
ûʲôҪ飬ʲôʱأ
ôôڼҵȴɷСޣ
ҿֻϽǵʱ䣬Ѿߵʮ߷ˡ
Ҳýӽβˡ
һһϢ߳
ﻹϵİԻĵûȵ˵˼ˣԡ
и˺ȵˣվ̬ȼʲô߰ż㣬°볡ء
죬Ĳ˼ȷʵ顣
Աߵ˽ţ٩˼Ҫؼء
ҳĬˣҲǷϵĺʱٶ
ҵжͱһС
ոԱߵŮ˿ڵ·Сġ
ҵͷ˵˾׻Ŀġ

 28 

صСʱѾȫˣСҶϡ
ſھܺİֲ·Ķ̹ǵĺ硣
ߵ¥¥¥ʱһźӰ
ȻŵĲµ˽ʵʱһ¡
ӰҲˣת
죬źɫͷ£һɵп㡣
ѧϢʮ㡣
ϴμһǰˡ
ߵߣͳԿףףתȦš
ôˣң
ݣᵽʲôֵζ
ʣ˭һԷˣ
Ҹ׼Ьûȥ⻰Լϵζ
ȷʵһζ;ζܵȴǱŵ
ոŶӾ۲͡
ŶһЬ
ѹֲϢ
󣬵ˡ
ӽ͵̫ˣû
ֱֻ󣬡Ŷ
ûȥע򵥵һ͸¶⡣
Ѱɳϣת˳һˮ̫ˣȵůůġ
Ҵӳſһӣոնûע⵽
һƯľƷۺɫİװ׺źɫĻ䣬һÿķۺɫᣬŮʮ㡣
õʲôʡ
ѾƷŵ輸ϣɳ£α
ɫñӱԴαм䣬Ĳӡ
ǰƣñӲ¿š
û֮ǰŪڻһ
ǰ͵ʲôֱ͵Ļûһɣ϶£ǧٰܾ
ϰƲ۵ģȴΨһ
˫ֻأɳվš
㶼ţϴβ˵˲𣿡
Ĳ̣ΡԻǾҪһ
ܣܱ˵ģҽϿ˳۾ˡ
ץס߼©˵ģҲǹεġ

ˡ
̧̧°ͣ㿴ϲϲ
ߵɳ£ùǸƷӻͦصģϸϸض꣬ش򿪡
滹һƯĺӡ
Ǳɫģܶɫİߵ㣬߹š
ȫװġ
ӱŵ輸ϣץŸӣкܶɫϸϸ˿ͷ˿档
һɫܵ·ͻмһŻһСкСŮŮкļͷЦÿĲá
ЩأŲĴָкŮ
ôܰɰĻ棬̲סЦ
ƺϲ̲סԼ۹⻹Ǻܺõġ
ôÿ𣿡
ҽڲ輸ÿ
ЦݸȾ𴽽ǣϲͺá
ԺܳһԣЦ֮ɢˣ׼ǸĺӰ
ƽʱôգҲûʲôƬžһԿɰС£
ôһѣǸѹڹӵµƬ
˿ֻ̣㶼͸ˣҪҷʲôƬҲ̫˰ɣ
˻һ㻹ҪĺӰ
Ҳ֪ɼʲôʱˣ˶ûм档
ǲˣô
˫ַϥϣǣҾûһ˵Ů˻źǰѵĺӰŲø𣿡
С

ˮˣȥˮȡ
ϣֱǸɫıӳˡ
ǳһûʸĴףÿڴ׸
Һһˮ̼ůůġ
ֻűӣЦɵŮЦձס
մɱ¶ȣ䲻̣ոպá
νˣ㣬㰮˭Ƭͷ˭ġ
Һ棺Ϊʲôôɼ
ڣ뵽˺еС
Ȼ򣺡ǲıõˣ

üһŮ˷Ҫ
Ұѱʣµˮ꣬תҪȥֺתŹ
㣬ôȥϲŮ
뵽ոҸһȺȥԷȻӦûŮˡ
ڵԼˡ
ҵͷóһۣ㻹ͦҵġ
Цǲǰ
ҷźñӣԼֶˣһȺˣûԱ
ԡ
Ϭ
ͳӿ
ҶˣҳȥԵ㶫ɡ
ߵĽ紦һǽ
ҲˣǳԵ棿
ǿ꣬ôҲҪһ٣߰ɣȥԡ
ɳƾҪߡ
ұǣ󣬸ߵش
ЬһңЬ
ȥ輸ԿףЬ񽫸ո˫Ьóϡ
ķˡ
ҽֲڴ
ʲô
ҺٻԶҹĴָ
ҹĴߣһֻصʱڵĴصǸżֵ淴뷨ʱڡ
ſڵȥտɡ
죬һɼϵˣϳҹô硣
Ҳû˵ʲôãȷʵʺϳտ
ҹ˼·ڣҵһտꡣ
Ѿϰ˵ˣտкܶĹ˿ͣڳ·ˡ
Ƚ˾Ҳû谭ˡ
Һ͹߽ȥһ뿪
Ƕ뿪λ
ûüʰɾ϶ǳʣĲкùֽ
һԱ֣æʰһ£лл
ԱѰһտ˾䡰֣
ôæԼߣӣùϵֽһһزȫѵһ䡣
Ҫæһֻɾץģֹ𶯣ࡣ
Ŷջ֣Ӳ÷
ɫľһ̲ɫͱɫֽĨȥֽôգ˲ֽɫָ׸ҲȾ˵͡
ԱʱһСӺһ֧ʣûʰСӺͱʷŽΧȹĿڴϣȥĨ
ŪˣԱóΧȹڴֽͱʣʵ˧ŮҪԵʲô
ҡ
һ⣬֪˼
ʼͣҪһ⣬ţ⣬㳦ײˣ²ˡ²ҪžЩɡ
֪ھۻʱ˶٣ڳЩܱܲôô٣
ոճ˵㣬ԲôࡣŽҪǳ̫٤ĻʮֵĲӳŲʺ˶
ԱѾˣתŹ΢΢˧أ
ոյÿټʮݡ
ôࣿ꣬ҲڽԵĶҲ
ִڲϣôôܳԲꡣ
Եꡣ
Ա׼뿪
Ժܹһ棬һμңңȵϳһƬǿɰ
ȻڽסԱټơơ
Ĺ˿Ͷ࣬һʱҲϲ˲ˡ
뵽һӦöкúѧϰŶԡ
Ӣļô
һӸҵһˮҲԼһ
С
Ҳ֪Ӣжһ仹еܿе
űˮһڣǵ̲衣
ܹ𣿡
תıӣʣܹ𣿡
ôֲ֪ȥļ
ҲûٸҴ̫
Ӧܹ
ͦõġңˣľѧôˣ
ͦõģ¸ѧӦûתרҵ
ȷʵҪңھѧⷽȤҽ̫ˣҲ¸ѧڿѧתרҵ
ͦõģͲҪӿˡ
ıӣָԼһˮŲң㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ҫˣ̫˯š
֮ǰԹһΣþòŻؼһˣϸְྣߺȲģ賿ĵˣû˯š
û£˯ſҡ
㾭ҹ𣿡

ⱦŮˣץص㡣

 29 

ҹˣԽԽá
˺ü˶ûλÿ
һСתһȦҺ͹ߡ
ŮǣߵһСңʿƴҲλˡ
ҿĳϿң֮
ţԡ
һεӣĸĻЩӵ
ƶӣֱߣ˹ĸ첲
Ů˫ֺʮǰлл
ԼŮӡ
Ա˺ΧЩΣĸ˶ûпڽ
ŮΡ
Ҳaѧ𣿡
Ұ˰֣ҲǣѾҵˡָŹ˵ǡ
ŮЩȣ΢΢ſ죬ﶼǲš
㶼ѾҵΪǴء
ЦЦǣҽձҵ
ս˾ʱҲ˵һҵΪĸѧУĴһʵϰ
㿴СŮ۹ѿһ㶼ǽ
ֳǰЦ
ҡͷæͣǣҸ¹ϵ
Ůֱˣ˼
֣¶Цݣû£
ȴ룺˵Ͷ˵㣡
ŮĶ˵̫ˣײײĸ첲Ůû˵ˡ
÷Աϲˡ
ǵĶе࣬ΪòλòҪռ̫࣬Ұ˶ŵһϣӵʹá
һ⴮ݸң⿴ĺܺãɫζȫȻ˺ܶ࣬Ĺ£һ
˰úܽǰƣǴҵĴ
ҽӹлл
һҧ棬ȷʵܺóԡ
ҿǶСµĻûϣֻܸɰͰ͵ؿǳԣֵֹġ
ʣҪ𣿡
Ůҡͷллͷһֻ
Ҳһ⣬͹۵۵ûϴοĺóԡ
ҳһǸǩϡ
տࡣһ²ˣЦϴοˮƽͲ˵㡣

Ů͵͵һۣʮֲôһԣôͲأ
ԱǶϲ˵ʱ򣬸ơơ
ޣõǰ
ԥ룬ڡ
ôǱģ
Ƶһڣʲôġ
ơҪǲĻͲúˡ
̬ȼҲС
ŮԻ϶뷨˾Դʱڡ
ơƶû꣬ͱˡ
һ߳տơƣһ߹۲ҡ
΢ˮˮһƽʱ˵۹ⶼȽգ۾˰ģ۾ˮģ˺ܶࡣ
֪ҵľǶ٣һơƲȴɳٻСá
ұιų˳Լԭƻʳ
ĳԲˡ
һǰƿ֣Ѿ˺ܶˣԼ԰ɣ̫ˡ
Ҳûٸιʳ˹س
ǶС¼ԼᣬҴҳԹ֮ϯˡ
ظոԼǸλãץס󣬿ǰһѵǩɣǱ̫ˣࡣ
ҿۣȷʵҲûٶǹơƺȡ
һտˡ
ҸպðơƺˣͷźԼĶӣԹ̫ˣñС
Ϸŵ߰ǩװڸոʢտƵֱߣֹһСײ
ȻĻ
ֻ֪ҪһմƾȱɵĺܣҲĺܡ
ҷԼֵӿǰɫӵһȦɫüëҪšһ
ôŪˣأ̫Сˡ
ҿ
֡
ץ֣˿ĵ¶ůůġ
׾С֣ů
ֻ֣֣Ϊ⣬Ȼҵƫůʱһ˶Ҫůһ㡣
һơƣޱذ⡣
ӡ
ţ
СʱգųȲҪ
ô
Ҷ⼸Ӻ˼ͣΪҪȲ𰸡
ſڣͦõİôͻȻ⡣
룬һȻ򣬡ǲ׷ϲˣԶʼһˣ
Ӧʵȷʵˡ
ǣ
߰ɣؼҡ
Ҳûȥ׷ʣͷ
һ·ԡ
ǰһյ·ƣΪõ޹߲ôҺ͹Ӱúܳ
ͷȥңͷȦеˣòôкü˿ô룬ȴ֮
أץסĸ첲һƬֺ˳ͷͷж
ͷȥֵ£Դչǰ
ɣлл
һֻּڰͷϵĶȡ
һᣬ֣ˡ
ȲҪʲôģҿ
飺ҶˣһСҶ
ոͷ϶֣ʲôҲû
˳ǣûſóֻ˿ʱ䣬ֻĻĹݵӣǵЦƺЩԡ
߰ɣǿȥҪʮˡ
ʱ䣬ȷʵˣȥʮһǰŽҲᡣ
͵Žȥһ£ǿӲؾܾˡ
ŽˣȥɣȻ̫ˡ
ԭƻǴ12뿪׿˵ٻġ
¥һܸߣ֮ǰ˸ϲŽˣ͵͵ǿ
κҲֻա
Ҹ󣬽˯¿ȥԡ׼ϴ裬̫ˣҲ˵ƣͲ٤ˡ
տ̸Ȼ۵ζѵף׼ڼϴͷˮӲ֪ĸˣȥͷϵСҶָⴥĸоһ˲ӿͷ
ҵֶסˣջλá
ҡҡͷѻȫϨùϴˮ
ϴͷϴͷ
ϴ֮ҲˣڴϾ˯ˡ
ڶĵһ죬һδ˯Ѿֵġ
ڴͷֻмδϢ
һֻһ۾
㿪΢ţµһϢġ
ӣұˣ
Һÿİ
Ļظһףصı
˳Ի
ǼȺģһǹ˾ȺһѧȺͰ༶ȺǷһף
»Ϳ˹Ϣ
һ
ҵ㿪ŵߡ
ɤͨҵĶ䡣
ӣ֡
ɶֻŷֹͷˣʹҵĸϢ㿪ͷһֻڰèŶɫգΪСè޴ؿžͷԵøӵĿɰ
ʳָĻСľ͵ȦտҲֻһȥ67ո߿͵ͼƬ
˳ָһ䣺ллҲǣ֡
ֻŵͷȥˢϴûע⵽ʱ㡣
0000
ĿܴԪڽʼܡ
ĿĿܷɢƽһһƣ˵һ£ϾϿڼ䶼ûôΣֻȤĵطʼǣĵĵطʹ˯Ϸ
ҪҪȫĿֻͨ¶ܰҹϰǿµĿγ̡
Ѿ¸ѧתרҵˣʵҲҿƶνҪ뿪רҵ
뵽ƺϲѧˡ
ֻӲͷƤˡ
һܹûȥҡ
*
ÿ춼칷
ԴԪڽÿ춼ҷԼ¼
ȥˣкüζ˵ʲôһȵģֲİĵ׻˵
ǣĿôı˴˽
ƸʻͰ
գһû˵ڡ
Լķ׼ȥƣ㽨顣
ߵİ칫ſڣֶŵƣһĶ
һŮ
ҿűߣƵУڽʲôйعģ˭ĹЦôء
ջֻصԼİ칫λϡ
ôͻˣɻôô죿
ҷļУ¡
ûʲô飬ڰ칫ҰɣҵȻٹȥ

 30 

һԣ͸绰˵Ѿ˾ȥ
ͻ⧲ԭƻȥˢٻؼҵġ
û뵽ô͸˾ûܾĻᡣ
չ޺ӷϢҪҪһؼҡ
޺ӵĿγ̱ȹ࣬һƿγûп꣬Ǿܾ˹
翼һƣҪؼˣԣһͣȥҡ
һҲǺѣ֮ǰҲ˼ڿΣҪʮִûġ
ֻŸҵ¼޼ļҳȻԼеѾ׷˺ü£ðɣϣⲻ׷Էڹ㲻׷
¾ܷ׵¼һݶֵǼµˡ
ϣαֵ㿪ᣬᣬֻһƬϴο깨һտҺȵԽٻʱ͵͵ġ
ƬŮŰɫףͷԺ󣬶³СëŶͷ
ǴӸߴʹģܺؿҰ봹Ũ˳Ľë糺죬ֻץơƹޣСӣŹޱߣɵúʱһֻСè
͹ݵĹ߲ãƬЩķ⣬ȴһ㶼ҵľͷš
񣬺վ˸˶֪
лںһĹļ򣬹ŵֶ£ֻûȣۼֿ죬һֻּʱץֻûֻܽӴ
Ļֻŷϡ
ʮֵزƣ.ǲв
ŭ
лЦáһǰ߳ŭ˻
yoooo˭Ƭôˡ
һۣ֪ʣᡣ
һִαϣһַϥϣһƬɫֻǿ
ʲô¡
лߵ¹ԣ˫ֻ¹ţһҪϥ̸ӡ
лڣҲˣӦÿҪֱ˰ɣ
û
͸ҲҪҸܾɣʲô⣿
лǴ۽磬ڰ༶ﶼ˵һĹӸ磬ϲȫֱӾܾϲĿϾϲͲϣ˵ҲֱӣΪڲڣû뵽ϸǸС˰
ʵǿˡ
лڣҲ̫˰ɣôһ˵ûУè׽һֻĶ̽
۾ֱֱؿֻлҲ֪ʲôÿģ۾գһ£üͷҲûһ£ǱסһֻǽյĴض¡
ҲҶģûаٷְٵİգĲ׳֡εغЦһҲ̫ͣˡ
лڿɥһ겻ģʳĵ׵ɻ󣺡𣿶ǱŽĿģ
ü۵׶ǡⲻǷϻ𡱡
ԽΪĿĵˣå
лڵǲŷүǸ֡
֮ǰΪӶԴ㡣Ҫʲôʲô绽ĴүƲԶҪʲôŮûУ
Ҫȥֺñ
лڷʵ˽⹨
лظ֮ǰһεĽ飺֫Ӵѧ˵֫Ӵڴٽ顣
ϴ˵ˣҡе㺦ߵǼ⣬й֫Ӵ
лڻ˸վˣַŹĴΧȲ֪е֫Ӵ
˵
ϳҸҪ㣿
ˣⲻǸ֧𣿿ǽչΣ죬˵
˼仰Ŀɿԣ֮ǰȷʵиԼ֧УȻмζˡ
Ĭ룬Ҳûʲôɸˣ˵ɡ
ȿȣǡ
лڸЩûõķϻЩп޵ĴԶˣֱ⡣
ִߴٵĻͱˡ
һԼ˼·
ҲҪ֯֯ԡ

쵽ĵ£ﻹŹţ̣ϴҼ֮ȷʵܲԼҲ˼ȡ
ؽţ渵
ϴοʱһȥտңƭͷжûͷ

лһѪ³
л̯֣
ʡ
ͷһ԰
лĲˣ̾˿صԼλϣֻ׼һϷ
治֪Ҫ²ܽ뻳
л̬תô죬ʣôˣⲻ֫ӴҾķͦġ
ҵĸоô֪ȷʵ
лڳƥѵļ϶ͷҲ̫
ԭʵҲʵĴڵ״Լ顣
򴽣Ϊ˷ֹƭһ֮ǰһơơ

лֵʳָָ컨壬룬뵽֡
ɫûɫ
û˵ʲôҸоá
ӵµţֳ̣һ⡣
*
ĿԽصᣬлڣ˼Ϸ
ʱൽˣţ̾ͳš
겻ԢΪҪʡ
ѾԶˡ
лڸһ±Ƶĺա
°࣬ʮ֣ߵСҲʮ֣ʱҲˡ
ڵԽԽжķΧˣеϵҶȾ˽ɫҲһ룬һ磬ܰѵϵҶɳɳ졣
ӣҵСʱѾȫˡ
Ų̨̤׷ȵ죬صˡ
һһڴ¥ž¥ҲǺܸߡ
*
ϰ࣬Ҿͷ۾ˣ۰ײֺܶѪ˿
ʹŨױҲû취ڸ޹ʵ
ǲɫŶ˳ȥˣѹʵôˣ
һҵĻˮģҪ޳
ƲסԼĸ첲Ķϣǳȥ˵
ͷ±˿ľģ
ȥ¥ݼ䣬ƽʱû˻
Ҹվš
е㵣ôˣʲôˣ
ֲᣬҴԼĿڴóһֽһŸ
ӹһ߲ᣬһ˵ӣҡʧˡ
𾪣£Ȼ֮ǰ֪һ֮ò̫ãٶ̫ˣ˼ʽò˵ĸ飬ûʸ졣
ֻû뵽磬ÿȥø졣
žžવصڵϡ
Ҹһֽ
챿˵ο˵ľҲ١
ʱڣһѱ˦ˣżϰţѧϰҲϰ˭ȰСҵȰ
Ҳ֪ôĵѺ˧Ҳܺã᲻ø֡
ҼǵĻشǣûϵѳһҲûʲôá
ѿ޵øˡ
ôʣļ
Ż٣ûϵģԺ󻹻иõġ
شӦǺܴˡ
̧ͷؿңױˣӰˣ۽ǵˮһźɫ
ҳһֽһһذȥ
ϸµذĨȥᣬӣ죬ӣҪеľͺˣҿ϶һ𡣡
ҿЦãǰҲ˶˵Ļ
ʱôشأ
ҪеĻ϶ͲϲҡҰǰ˵Ļһ˵ҪеģǾһֱС
ӣЦ£ҲǣѾֱˡ

ҵԼ˵¡
ãȻؿ۽һξӨ΢΢۽ǡ
ٴְ
飬Ҳûʲô飬ûʲôʸĸָֻţǣҾһһҪ֪ңҾð飬̫ʣҪ֪֪ˣžҪҪһ𣬲ҪΪһʱĳ嶯ʹһ𣬻˽ĻһҲ˷ʱ䡣
һ˵ô࣬еɡ
Ҳеţ֪᲻ģǻŤͷߡ
һЦôءǵһΡ
ؿЦʲô
ЦҰ裬ҰҲĽҵģһҪ㹻ʱ䡣ڷֲĲʼ𣬡ӣлл㣬Ժһô嶯ˡ
ҿظ˾񣬰

 31 

ȥ˲ױ
Ҵˮͷϴ֣ѿںͿ꣬򣬿žңӣȥҼɡ
ҸžӸӣҲĩӦˡ
һ°࣬ȥңȥ֮ǰ˵Ҫ飬Сĳһʳͺüơơ
ļұҵĴ󣬿ҲȽϿͬһһһļҾͿܶࡣ
ɳϣذѰɳϣڳñӵʵҪǮһ°űҼҴöࡣ
һ2800
Ĵͷѹ֣ٿͶ
ơƾҪƣֹոȾƶθãв㷹ˣȳԵӡ
򿪱䣬óʵĲˣЩ
ȫӹˡ
Һһֱڳûĺɫֻһֱ𶯡
ʱָˣָʮ
ҺԱʰ˲輸Ѵӳˮϴɾڲ輸ϣ׼顣
һԼİóֻ
óһкüδͺüδϢ
Ҵһȫһˡ
ҵ㿪΢š
ʮ
켸°ࣿ

û
ʮ
ǲǹ˾ʲô鵢ˣ
ʮ
ҲҪ۲
㿴ĻϽһϢ
ʮŷ
ܻظϢ
ʮһߵʮһֱַ绰
üһֻϽǵʱ䣬Ѿ˵ˡ
ôƵϵԼʲô
һ²֮òһֱſڵȥɣ
뵽ֻ̨߳ز˵绰
绰ֻһϽˣɼֻֻȻš
ι
Щƣ˵ڵĻҲЩ
ôϢǲǷʲô飿
ĻһΣǸҽļԷոڳæûעֻڵ𣿡
¥㲻Ǻܸߣ¥ѣ̨ȥܿ·һŵ·ơ
һյе·£һǵĶԻ⿴˵Ϊܲ³ӦŮڷƢ
Ҫ֣Ů˦Ҫ뿪Ȼֱ
ҾŶ£̨ˣǲֵģӳճƵĵƹ⡣
վҵС¥£̧ͷ¥ҵ̨һƬžġ
ЦţûУѾȥˡ
Լţ̣ԼеЦҲвʡ
ƮƮģһɢ
ͻؼˣϴθţ̣û꣬Ÿֻû뵽㲻
ĴָĦŲָ֣Ҳġ
ȥһ·˳硣
ŶıͤҰţ˱ͤȥһ¡
ţãлл㡣
޷Լ˿̵飬ʱˤڵӵ뻳ϸǿԳɼ½ʱʦοʱĺͰףҲӭݵԾԾԣʴӡ
˶ûٳű˴˵ĺ
ҿǶǣ뿪ˡ
Ź˰ӡ
ҾӦýĶԻȻǱߵķе󣬿֦Ҷ紵֨֨졣
һ٣ǹȿˡ
Ǿɡ𣿻Ļ·Сġ
ˣٻȥ£ʣ棿
СһЦЦ߹
ţȹ˰ɣݰݡ
˵绰һҲպߵǰ棬ֵе
ֻĻԼĵӰ޿κΣҡ
ɬ޷¶ᡣ
˵绰ҿֻʼ֪ô˵Ĺϵˡ
Ѿ򿪵ӻڿˣһ߳ſŹӡ
ҽսʣôˣ˭绰
û輸ɢĹྡ

۾ЩףҲڵ۾
׷ɣ
ҲѹӿҲҭȥ˼
Ϲ˵ϲ˵ġ
¶˵ģרҵ
㿴ûܻϲŮأ
ô֪Һ˿ˮֲͬѧ֪Щ顣
һŹӣĹӿȫӵͰֻ֡š
ӦҲиоɣ뵽ʲôϲŮʲôͣ
֮ǰһȰ˶Ů
һ£һ
ϲŮûп㣿
üͷƣɳķ֣ţɣҾӦòǣҲûǷ˼ɡ
˵棬ҵԺʯ֮뵽˹ɼͦģҲͦڵġ
ԽԽҲʼȷˡ
⸱˼ӣ϶뵽ʲôƨǱŲŲ
ϲôǲǣ
뵽֮ǰ٩䣬ͦǺ޵ģСˣпǼɼĺġ
ϾϲģǾ̫𾪡
̫룬ҳһȥ뷨ɣҾŲɡ
ǰڰ֣Ҿòǡ
Ĺⰵȥˡ
Ҿûпܵģٹ۲۲졣
ӻŮ䳳ˣŮ񣺡ǲῴģ
תŮˣ߷ߵһŬģһҶӵС
ҿſţԼŮ䣬ǳˣôܻϲԼأ
ҶŵƣҲ֪ûĻִļϣõת壬ǿԼ档
ӣҵĻȥ𣿡
һ˿ãȻľګصͷ
ˡ
ƿǯסԼָ֣ڲ輸ųһŵơƣ˵𣿡
̾˿Ҫջؽ˵ˣҪһ⻰
̫ˣƽʱϣϻˣôһ͸ľͷƵģ
ǸܵϲңҪĬӡ
Һǰһ̻룺ϲǲܵġ
*
ڶ죬Ѿŵˣ̫ؽԹ⴩صĴڵϢɢЩ
˯ֳۣޱϣ˸Ա˯צһűӵһǣ촽΢΢ſ컹׵۾Ѿɢ˲٣޽ǵͷա
ֳڴϣְͷ˸š
ŵѱҴã߳䣬š
ҵòྐྵĹӿһ涼ǣȹơƿظڵذϣļʳûôԹӴ󿪵ķϡ
һ˻ԴüģҵɨѴɨ򿪱Щʳĳ˵Ѿ
Լ˵㣬ʣµķڳĹš
ҵһûõıӣ˺һҳд˼֣ȻȥˣѾڹǵúȡ
һƺҲԼİ˳ȥ
һصСĵһ¾ȥ
һСӣĴСʮƽףһΣһѾ˺öľӣһ֮׵ʽӣ䴦һֻܵϥǵСӣ滹˺üݺӡ
ĲãСĴۣ˰üģߵſڴţʵôˣ
˵ʲôһԼԴָң۾£˵ǸкӸ͵Ķǰɣ
£ͷôȷأ
תߵԣ򿪹ӣкһЩľţ̣ţߵűߡ
ҿ̣òصл
ת뿪֮ʣС˵˾䣺ɲСÿŮ
ߵ¥ʱûױǾ仰ʲô˼
̧̨ʱˣǾ仰ĺˡ
ѵǹѶʱ˵ǸСÿŮˣ

޺ڹؼ֮ĵҲȥˡ
һһϰ࣬һһƿţ̣ţţ̺һİҲͷżˡ
ҳҹȾƹ󣬻ָ״̬óԳԸúȺȸһû¡
˺üķʰˡ

 32 

ڴʮǰ쿪ڼڣ˷żٵһĳƱ

ڼƱܲˣҲλá
һ·վۣϻ˿ӣ복֮һǺǵζʱʱŷƮҸպվڳǰˣ̡
Ҳе󣬳кö˶һˣûλˡ
Ҳû취ƶƶĻ϶鷳Ҳŵˡ
Ҳֻա
صңҸշٺͲϣҲˣ޺Ѿ緹
һĿڵڲϳԷ
ϣҼ˼⣬ۣӣҪԵ㣬˺ö࣬°Ҳˣǲǹ̫ˣ
Ұһڷȥİ꣬Ҳûжۣʱϲ߻ʱæһ㡣
ûУرۡ
޺Ӳ죺裬ֲǲ˽ŮæҲҪ˶ÿϰܲ𣿡
һһۣ졣
ϣӣ˾ͺúϢǹҼ˶岻á
£ֵˣɼôˣ
û¸˵ڹڻʱ޺ӽ䣬ûˡ
޺ΪΨһ֪ˣûԷ
ˡҷ꣬ҳԱˣԡ
ϣȵôͷˣ
ʣԸ񲻺ϡ˵꣬Ҿͻطˡ
*
󣬹޺Ѿˣֵĳˡ
ǰ޺Ӽص̫ˣתģͷתѾᳵ·Լһ
ʱ˯
ε߳
λǰ¥µҲһֱ绰ûмļתͣĸϻؼҡ
ߵСſڣͿ˹վ
ţ̣һر£ôůɪվ
δü˵һ仰;ˡ
ҿ컨壬գգ۾ô£ô£̫Բ
ֱ۾ȴ˹군ˡ
һ飬Լգ˻ʹģΡ
Ķȷʵн̸ⲻΡ
ոΪأ
۷ͷԵĺżڴϣֻգСС˵ţҪΰ
ڷ任·ųȥ
޺Ӻ͹Զ˶˼ؿϵ塣
ͷЦЦˣ
Լͷһ
˼룬˵ôһߺˣ
ŸոԼλãܿ۾𣿿˯ʱѹġ
Ŷͷ壬׼ȥǵǴںεززһ䣺˯ѹĻ𣿡

һԿǵ֣˶ʮӣ˶˶Էܶӣȴһֱûзֳʤ
޺ӴСʱͿʼΧ˼壬൱ÿθʱ򶼳Ųʮӡ
ڹܸʮӣ϶ҲǸи֣Ѿһʱۿģ˵ǺܿѾʮˡ
Ͷȥ͵Ŀ⡣
ָ°ͣҵߣ£Ϸŵˮ˿ˮ󷢸ɵĺƶӡ
޺Ӯˡ
޺ӵӻ˵еˣûס˧
̣Ŷ
Сʱүү;壬ԭɶҲģҲܸүүˡʵҪԭǸѵ飬ɲҪץȥţѡһȫĻ
Ҳԣܸ¶ãһǲ־õġ
޺ӣʾŲλã¡
޺ҸոԹλϣ˹ۿ׼
Ұںӣˡ
һơ
Ҳûչϰڡ
ЦһҲΪηЦ΢΢ֻֽһ°ʹ۾ؿӣƶ˳ģڱصãǿ϶䡣
棬Ҫ֪ȻЦʲô
˫ֵ򥣬ǹһȣǰһʼʱҲϰڡ
⻰ôžôζأ
ǰ
һʼ
壡
طˮƽһʼˮƽ
Ƶؿ۹һߵüë˲ƣ⻹ûʽʼսôԱһ仰ʹģ
⸱˲һԲưոݵģǵЦ⡣ܶʱһ©ŮƫƫżҲ᷸ɵûС
ҿŶһĹԽԽԼǸڴǰչ¶èĸо
Ҽȫעȫ۲ϵÿһӣģɢκ˶ܴŵϢ
޺ӽʱԭ򣬲š
ʮӹ
βסԼǵЦݣƶԼ
һ
üͷ˵˾䣺ˡ
Щ٣¼ϼİķС
¶Цݣվȥװˮȡ
Ҫβͣ޺ӾҵβͶҪˡ
ҸԼˮ޺ӿˣһͷȡ
㡣
仰ֻ£ȵˮˮմʪҵ֣ˮ̣ȻĻֶҪˡ
Ȼϣһǽʵϸȷʵ繨ոջʤĽ֮ıһˮ
治ɫغˮ
Ŷ
תط䣬ѵ̶Ĵˡ
ûãɫʼˡ
ִ绰ؼңˣǸ˵Сõ͸ֻ޺ӶŴСƵ
ţӦ
˵绰޺׼š
վûɵ˵˾䣺ǳϦˣϣһȥ̻ɣ
޺ȻûʲôģÿĳϦǼҶϰߣ϶ʮǰ˯
а
ŵķţֵʳָĴָĦţӣ
޺Ӵűߵҵķſڣָš
򿪷ţ̽ͷ֮Ѳͣſڵ޺ϡ

ԼǳϦҹȥ̻𡣡
ϦҹԺִܽһĻ档
ǸΣͷԷ籩
ɫôÿٳٲشԸ⡣
ſڵҿǣܷġ
޺Ҳͣ԰֮ǰǺϣڳϦҹȥ̻ҿǰ궼Լѳȥ
˵ˣپܾͺѿˡ
ҰеĹУãǾȥɡ
ҹϷţֻͣڵӰĳһ棬ŮӵⶼҪĻ

 33 

Ϧҹٵǰ죬Һ޺ӰѼһ飬ڼÿ䶼һȾҴƵĹѶˮϴһ顣
ʮһ磬Ҿͱϣһ˷ֹɨһϸɾмԺҲҪʰɾ
æ磬һ緹Թ󣬾Ϳʼ
ʱָߡ
ҿ˿ʱ䣬ˣӦҹˡ
ԴҳÿҹζҲᳵ·ԽԽʢҲԽԽ
һӵĲˣһĿڿʼҹ
쳤ּзڶǴŹǣζڣʹģ̧ۿ˿ţﾲĵģûҪŶǰס
˿֪ܣȴ̲ס뵽Ǹξ
Թҹһڵӻǰ
ʮʮŷ֡
޺յĵ绰¥Ѿſˡ
Һ޺Ӹĸ˵ͳš
ϷĶʱůʱ䣬һ㶼һһ꣬ȥѾһ꣬չ˵ӦǱȽů͵ģɽĳϦҹȴе䣬̹ǡ
Ҵźףһ㣬һɫţп㣬ΧһɫΧȫˣֻʣ°¶档
һ񱻵ιһֶۡ
޺Ӵ򿪴ţ߳ȥŹš
Ѿվˣһֿųǰǣһֻ·Ƶӳ£ŵм竹Ӹӡ
죬̧ͷǣֻŽ׵Ŀڴ
ţ˸ƣȥ
޺Žȥץż
һְֻԼļ͸첲޺ӣҼǵúҲмգеˣɡ
޺ӽЦ£ʲôҼǵã˾Ǹ߿һȥѧĳ
޺׼򿪼ʻλĳţѾ˳ԱߣЦݳӡ
ǰ壬ַֻżʻλӣԸ£ɣҲмա

һַŸʻӣһַֻϥϣӣңдŲ㣬㿪Ҿò̫СŮ˾
ҧʮһһ³
ܲƣ򿪳žȥƿ޺ӣ򿪼ʻĳŽȥáϵðȫװ
ں棬ǰ濪
˸أ޺ǲ̫ҵĿСռദĻˡ
Ҿ۾ؿȻ˼мˣǼû˽ҳѾкóһʱûпˣԼԼĳڻǲǰˮƽ
ʻг·ϵĳر࣬һǲҿ̫죬ֻԱȽϻٶǰС
ٶȸﵥ£Ҫܲˡ
ӣٶĸڹˡ
۾ǰտĳֻץỵ̂ңںĿ

ԭʮӵ·̣ҿ˽ʮӻ;С
޺Ӿȥ治С
֪Լҽĳãһ£̫Ҳ̶ˡ
޺ӣǰиվ㿪ȥɡ
ҲˣĻվ
˻λá
ҿд
ԼԼ̨£ճȭͷԼĸ첲ƣɤ۰̫ûˣȻеĲ

ûã޺ӾͿ˽ۿĴԱߵĴͳС
޺˸·ͣ³ͷԺ˵ȹȥǱ߰ɣȥͣҳλͣһٹȥϡ
͸ĵ·ӱҪ࣬Ӧöǽ̻ˡһ𶵶תתҳλͦ˷ʱģ絽ߣɢɢ
áҿ۹үһų⣬˼ʲôһִڳϣһⴹϣҲ֪ҪҪһߣǻ޺һҳλʵ³𣿡
ͷңûʲô飬ģɢĺ
䲻룬𴽽ǣ¶Űոշ·ˣ˶ȵɵ
°
Ŷ
³ǰ޺˵ֱǣ㡣
޺ӵͷ
˳Ÿһ³
޺ӿųʻͣ
Ҷ£ոڳһֱųһ˷ֲֻڴûô䡣
һŵķȥ
ԵþͱȽϵûдźܺ׳ţҲûдΧ
ڴֻó㿪΢ţлڡ
ŷϢ
лڣǸûᡣ
лڣʲôǵĶ
лڣһҪʱϦҹ̻ôĶģ
ĻûлϢ
űԼ˴ͷңаڷɫΧ棬ҡҷĺ촽ͺÿ°ͣССıǼҲˡ
紵ú˵һΧֻԲԲĴ۾ض
ҽûͷĳΧȦ޵ĳõССĶЩ죬Ӧ÷̫󣬶ˡ
ƽڿлڵϢͿʼС磬һһߣ΢Ѿ۳磬ƲסԼĵĿ
ʳԼǰȴܶɲָо
뵽˿ϣҳЦú޷
촽ڿڴĺ磬ȴûһ˿⡣ƵĿڣӣ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ե˵ԺųѤõ̻žġ
ǰѾۼ˺һѵˣ඼ˣҺܶ඼£໥һҪŶԷȹһ֮ֵĽա
ҷڿڴֶ˶ĵش䡣
ĿڴﶼȺġ
Ƿ⣬䣬óůů¡
ң
仰ƽһףͣס˽Ųͷȥд˴㵺š
ô£Ƥǵơ
ҹһߵǣЦһһϡı飬ŽŲߡ
ưոݣеŻյҲ
ıӰųǰȥȽϸȫ԰Χס
ʹŸĺֻмֵľ롣
Ҹо˿üҪ
⧲ģ˫Ŀֱ׵Ŀڴץס˿ڴСɵ֡
һͷƬ̿հףû뵽Ȼô󵨣ֱӾͰ
ĿڴͲַŽȥʱЩɣпɹĿռ䣬ǿнռ˿ڴ󲿷ֵĿռ䣬˵־ͱůĿڴ
ȻģŶյĺ磬ץȴо䣬һ˿ȡ
Ҷ˶֣ã̫ˣѾȫסҿڴ̫Сˣֻġ
ҲŷֹѾô׵Ķ·䵽ͣػζ
̫ˣ벻ǰȫ룡
ҵĵһͷ
̧̧ӣʹΧ֮¶ͷǳóȥ
ǻŶ
Ҿʱ䣬ֶãֻܵÿ
ɿǣס֣ٶȣ˳ȥ
ǰһתøѵСһ
ǲǳˣ
ﻹдŸո͵ȣţֲڴֹɢȥ
ҵҲνںҹﾲʵĺǳһΪƽ顣
˭㲻ůů㲻ֻԼȡˡ
ʳָָ˰죬֡񾭲
תͼߣһӰˡ
ת̲֮סЦˣԼĸоܺãҵģůůģ˵һȷʵǶůʡ
ԭһåǣ˵Ŀ֣
ŭǰ棬߶ţå񾭲̬
֮ͽˣѣڶ
ϲŮûп㣿
΢΢ſ죬²ԽԽ޷׽ҿ϶ˣ˵еŮ˲
ʼˣദĵεһ֡һ֡ػطš
Ҿ˵ĺܿǶԵģĻһж˵ͨˡ
ҵֿƺ޷ܾΪʲôɼôĵ⣬ΪʣڳԴף
죬ĻĻδҲ̫˰ɣ
ססڻǲȫȷϸϸ˼¡
ǰŮԽԽԶѾߵˣǰȥ
첽ȥס׵ñӡ
ͻȻס˲ӣǰĲͣ¡
ػͷ
ɿֲؿڴ仰ӦŶ԰ɣѾˣ㻹Ǳȥŵһʲô𣿡
ܿ˿ȷʵǹˣۿ̻õλѾվ˺üˣΧһ졣
ߵűߣ¿¶ڵһƬϵ·Ƶĵƹⲻ׵ĺӡ
վԱߣֻΧϡ
⿴֣еУ룬ȿ̻˽̽̽
þ֮Ҳûиոôˡ
͵͵ҼۣҲ֪ʲôô߹˶֪
һֳֻϣбؿΧվš
ʲô
ҷܵûʲô
Ĵٴλطţ֣ŻЦͷҵĶϿͳɤŹƻζòǡʮֿͣ٣Ұɣ
ĲҪ
ұĵضһۡ
ƤǹģΪԼǴǻʲô˧ģ𣿡
˻أֺʵľ롣
Ļʮֲм㲻ǲϲ˧𣿡
Һû˵Ҳϲ˧ɣ
ǰѵֵΪϲ˧硣

Ҳȡֵˣû취ȥˣᱻƷ衣
ӿóֻ޺Ӵ绰
Ѿʮһʮˣٹʮ߷ֶСҪ̻ˡ
ͱ˽ˡ
ץˣ΢΢󣬿ŶʮԶںĵСŽɫĹâ
ι
޺Ա˽̸Ѿͣó·ˡ
㵽ˣ
Ѿˡ
תȥ濴ŵ绰ߡ
˵绰޺ִڿڴҺ͹֮˰˵ľ룬ȻȻߵҵվá
ֱվŮλƺһŮԹ˵˧磬ٹȥһллˡ
ŮָҺ͹м䡣
С
󷽷ߵߣ첲Ÿ첲
ڵʱ仹磬еλѾվ˺һŵˣǵŽ̻
ߴߴģ
ܱߵԽԽ࣬ҷ֮ľԽԽתķ϶ûУһС塣
˿ֻϵʱ䣬жʮӣеˡ
ȥȵģҪ𣿡
ұߵĳУҸһȥɡ
Һˡ
ٸˡ
ĵƣǸոǿΪû
ĴͳеƻŵƣǴɫ
ߵем䣬ҵļԼոյλá
ԭ˵λֻվˣԣˡ
ջַڿڴȥҪʲô
˵ʲô鷳ڴһʳָżͣҵ촽ǰҪϣҲĻ
޺һԿװףʲôøƵģƿˮѡ
ұ񾭣Ŀ֣Ϣ˵㰮ȥȥҪһƿˮ
޺ӣ޺Ӱڰ֣Ҳá
ųȥ
ӰнԶ
ʱҲԣߣһ·Ͽܶӵ£Ҳûоñιһ칷
Ʒһŵţ̣ǴθһȥĻ
һƿȪˮˣ·һ̨޵Ļ
Ųת˸ϸոҵǮͶһӲҽȥ
ɵؾͼеһСá
һżһſȪˮ
¶һ͵ȥӭ˵Цݡ
ͷΧ˸ŵʱűߵΧһ˸ߺУź
1098
⣬ӿŲ
һ״ұߴһء
ʼ̻ˡ
ұߵŮǰڻվǶܿҵĲ
Цͷ΢΢Ѥ̻ĵӳ
ˣֻֻشࡣ
أʱڿһʫ޷֮ʱ
վϿ羰
羰¥Ͽ
װĴ
װ˱˵
֮ա¡

 34 

̻ڿ˶ʮΡ
󣬽Ʈһɻҩζ
Χ˶ߵ˵֡˵Ľǣֵ̻Ĵţ϶Ⱦ˹ϲ
ҸҪͷԼĵܵ˵䡰֡ұߵļ
عͷһֻſȪˮһֻһֻСż
СõĶһָôм仹һССĺɫñӣֵģֱֻһɫİġ
쵽ǰ¶һȣ֡
һ룬ӹСӺˮ
ſ̧лл
޺ӿСãɻ󣺡ż
·һ̨޻͹ȥ¡
޺ü㾹Ȼޣ
ڰ֣úָ㽭ɽĸˣСһ׮
޺ӵ٩
ǰұõʱҸС
ëС⻹ͦʵġ
Ǹ棬һֻȸߵСŮ½ǣ磬ҪǸޡضԴ۽ǣãһ
ҽСüؿڴˮšƿǡ
⿴ҵĶֱ˹ȥšٻ
Ҵ£źһСڡ
ߺȱ͵ô˳ȻΪѾϰΪǧٴΡ
޺ûע⣬ʣ㻹Сӣö󣿡
£Ǹʱžɡ

ȥ·ǹڸʻԻΪúù۲ȷĿƣʵĳԱһԼĳ
쵽Ҽʱһ߻ްСϣӭһԣͬɫĳںһ
Ҵ򿪳·խƽʱһҲûرԣο
ɵҪҸ޺³߻ȥɣͲҪǰˣ˵ǸСƺתͷȥɡ
죬򥣬ǰĵ·漴򿪳ֶԶĳ˸OKơ
ץỵ̂ѵӣá
ӣôʮ㣬뿴͡
ƽֱĴ˾Ŀôֵխܿ˾ʵ
ŷǰУٶС
ҿŸʻߵĵ󾵶Ҫεǽˣһת˸䣬һȥˡ
⼼˾
ҺҺ޺Ӹͽˡ
ûؼҡ
ͣҼſԵĵ·ϣ¼ʻλĳóֻ
΢ϱʮ
򿪣ȫף
һûֱҵлڣȥһ֮ǰúðջϢ
𴽣۽ޣһϢоˡ
*
һصţֻʽףߵ£㿪ĶԻ򣬸˸֡
⿴ڴߵСãڴϣĶ䡣
ʵǲϲң
ӦֻСõЦһҵİ
̾˿΢š
ңҾϴ˵ĿǶԵġ

ԥ£ŶԻ֣˷͡
ңϲŮпҡ
ܿ죬ַһҲֻпܶѡ
㿴˵ʲôţ
ң
㲻ȷĻ̽һ£
ң̽
Ļ˵ǸŮôǸŮʲôʱ֮ġصģɵĻͺܿ㡣
ңá
ҷɱֵڴϡȷʵĻθദúúÿǡû˼һ㶼ûУôǱԼĵܻܵҪСأĻǲǾ̫ˣҪǣһƭ˵Ůޡ
ֻૣвУʲô⻹ûȷأ
̯컨Ҿûмܲסڸ鷽棬һһ֪Сס
ֱߵֻ𶯣
ǸܵܵһĻҪίˡ/[]

һæݣѽεķ֮Ժ󣬴֮䡣
˵ѾպͣݵĳЩٹ̣ûнСӣܼպ
ܼˮһꡣ
һĺһһش򿪡
ȫֺ꣬Ǻǵص򴲣ĴƵһ顣
һͷĽ䴦ֻĴѹŵСã˿¶һ۾ֱضңһ˫۾ƺίԹؿ
ſڴϣ˦ϵЬëëСǰŴãСá
ҷյСʱ޿̲ǸؽȷϵĲ²⡣
ֻҵ빨Իڣָϻ˵¼һŶ裬ңϾϲһ˿϶
ҲûȫģĻúôʣ͡
ң㰵Ůôˣ
ͷصúܿ죬Ҳֻ
ûչ
ҽԼǸŮǣ£ûչ
ʷƺ̫Уûһ
ת˸ŴӣûԲߣϢˡ
ôͻȻ
ңϲӹһ㲻
ϲ
ңڲǴϲ

Ҵ㻻ʷ̽
ңʲôʱ򰡣費ҪҰæıߣ
ΪԼĻ޺ҼΪϿңһ˸ɰı
ʱݼԺＸƤСӥ׽Сֵģ֮ǰȥ޵ıÿǧϣֻɫ
ܹȥ
磬ڿʲôôģţ̽Դȥ
Ӧ죬ֻĻڴϡ
ֹʦû˵㿴˵˽𣿡
һһָزֻֻʲô˽ܸ˿ˣ
ָ֣Ŷļͬ亢պȥ档
úɵؿָصǲŮˣ˿ˣǰֻģ
һΪǰ㲻ʶ֡
ùӣվڹǰٲȻһСģ
ߣɫá
ʮһС˵
ֻڵŮѡ

õЦֿ⣬ơ

öͷûãⶼû׷֣˵Ҹ磬Ӷ
ȫûԤϵþĿŵس
ǵ֡
ܿСƨսĬĬԼ˸ģ·ǰ׷ҡ
ֻ·Ϣü֪ҵľʱ䣬ֻ֪ڹڵʱգǸʱͷˣҲ¡
ҪҸʱһ̽ҵˡ
ôһ룬һְ׷ߡ
Ǻǣ˵ĺҲ޵
˺һʱ䣬ҲյϢ
ʱ仹ż
һôȥ»δʳȻͱС˼һǵĻָôЦЦôֲʵʵĻ롣
֣Ҿû˳ȻãһŮͳء
뷨ûиϢˡ
Ժ￴Сߴӥ׽СӶˣҲûҵϢ

 35 

ҵļںܿӽβ߿ʼϰ࣬Ͳòȥˡ
óƱҸ˵̤˹̡
ϰһ죬ʹչ޾ϸ
ҵ꣬ңûʳ
ûסʲô
칫ҵ˶˹ҧأ˸ĶѹڵԵĺ棬ܿЩ̽Ŀ⡣
С
ҲѧԴŵԣ㿪˵ߣصͷ
ҵĶϣϣô죿
쳤ӣһСԴ¶ۣҶͷԼĹ˿ӣʵʵԼ뷨ôȻ˳ȻϾҲֻǸ²⡣
ͬ⣺һأ
ҶŵĻŴ˼ҾӦøֵ룬ô˵ҲҪ׷ˡ
ǿɲУϲ㡣
Ϊֹ˼άɢҴʵҲǺȷҵĻҾӦøԶȻĻܾú񡣡
£뵽αż˵е޲硣
ô޲ˣôʮʮĴʮʮĵܵܣңˣ
ãҵǸ˼е㴫ͳ

뵽֮ǰ磬ܶ鶼Ů˵ﻰףһļϣʵãӴ˹˿ֵɾ
ԱֹŰң˵ܵܵܺΨףѽŪøС¹ײӴˮɵһԽԽ̫ˡ
ָһ˻ҪлýŸô⡣
ЦòҪ
Ҵ㵵ҡͷֱpass˼ûܾԼ˯ȥˡ
ͣеĹУҲ֪ҾС
뵽ҲǸ⣬Ĭ룬ûȾƣȣ㲻Ȳͺ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͬȾʱ˿ű˺ȣԼȵģ
һֳڰ칫ϣ˵Ҫϰ࣬ܺȾơ
ҾòУҲҪϿΰ

һԼĹô붼ģźǿԣѵ֪Ͳ𣿡
Ҵһ˺һʱ䣬ڱᣬǳȥֱ󴺷紵
һԣϲӱ˽ˣ˵飬ǱŲ첻ۣߣص֪ô£ǰʮɵĶԱ˽²Ųʵĺϰ߱ƣôԼôǲԵģЩʹõĻͬѥɦô޷ǿɧĻعԭλ
˼ٸһҩ˭֪Լˡ
УǾô
ɽ׳ʿǰ飬ֱֱˡ
ԷҪǶԷǸ⣬Էǧͺã°ͳ˼
֮ǰһμʱǶкȾƣûкȺܶ࣬Ҳûˣ֪˶٣û
ô¼̣ͻȻһϸڣǴҵʱ򣬹ںȾƲ̫Ȥһܺȵ˶ֵô䵭İɣܴܣȣܺȣǲܺȶࣿ
ٻĴԼתһΣϣֻһơƣ˵Լͷ˿жţǸʱĶƽʱ˼ģЩˣ
ԹԵصͷΪ˱ȥһԿڷ磬ǧɲκβ
ԼϵֻԼĵܷܵ˸΢š
ңľô
޺ӣ̫Ӧǲ̫С
ȻϣǾͰƻС
*
һҲȥͷ۵飬ܿͻˮʯȵ֮Ժַʽദ
һʱȫͶ빤ϳˣһ򾡡
ı̫ãҲֻ뵽΢Ƚıˡ
ʱúܿ죬޺ӭ˿ѧ
ûһ빨ң˾Լˡ
޺ǿѧĵһĩ˯ú
ʱ򿪻Ὺ°࣬˺һЪϢϴѾˣıȽ
ڴ˸צƵıűӹȦ̵ˢ
޺ԼãϾŵ룬һЩ
ˢˢžԼ
Ů˷òеݣͷҲûᣬһţ۾΢΢ƤҪǰ̰ԣһ˱̲裬ʧߵĵ㣬ںȦȽأȡѵ϶̲裡
ˢһ룬һɵһĭش˾䡰ڱŰˢȥš
ҸհŴ򿪣ˣ˲ѹ
޺һ£վ棬ִ⸱ģɫ˱䡣
˺һᣬգգ۾һ̵ܽԡҹš
ҿϣԼֵˢˢôˣ
˽ŻЬ仰ûݣ󰲾ˡ
ߵǰˣԼĴǱһĨݣմʪֲӸԼͷ
ĶЩ³ᵽᴦûƿغȣһͷƤۡ
ɿ֣ӹڴᴦڰУžǱԼԼ𰡣ҵڸõҪСƨǰע𣿡
̾˿Ƶؽ⿪ͷϴ˰ųȥ
Ҵԡҳȥɳϣͬһֻһ̧ͷ
Ҵ򿪱䣬óǰӣŵ輸ϣӺǳ
޺ӽֻŵ輸ϣ˸ԣֻڴҲҲһԡ
޺ӽƤһÿ꣬һƬͷȷʵ𡣡
ƤһСһС飬ѳһСɽѣ޺ӰƤγǿҵĶԱȡ
˺ֱӳһ룬ʣµҲӽǺеᡣ
𣿡һǿãҳôġ
ˮ𣿡
ָų⣬У׿ĻԼһ¡
áߵ
ҳӣ޺Ĵӣ涼ǲ˸ɣ۸ɡ
˺۸ɵĴڣ˼ϣ׼ԡ
޺ӶҿĬΣû;ͳˮθá
ſ׼⣬£ȷʵûע⵽Լû£ܵϸ
ߵ޺£һ߰ǣһƨû뵽ҵܵôϸģҲ֪ԺλŮˡ
ɣʱӳ̧߳۾Ŀԡ
ҷɿرۣϾǰ޺ӵġ
޺ӿˣҲ˵ǻȥˣǵó͡
Ҽ⣬ܵŶ
Źϵ˲䣬ȻԼǸƻ
ԼĶͷգôأ
ܿ죬ûôˣ޺ҲڣƻģշżȻĻǸŮأͲ̽ˡ
ӵۿǣȥ͡
ߵ̨⿴˸òĶ
ͷͿһ̨ɫֻˮԡ

 36 

֮ٴϮ
Źֻߵشš
ţͿһվ⣬ϻһͣϴŪ˽ʱǼҵ̵ࡣ
ҽֻݸϵĶ⣺ôͣ
ӹֱֻӽڴЬ㲻û˳ָġ
˳е⣬ֻ
ֻ֮˳͡
ҿЬ¥ݿڿյģһӰûУʣ޺أ
Ьֱˣ˳ֹţм¾Ȼȥˡ
ҵƤȻȫϸһʱ
ĳƻҲûù͵輸ϴ򿪣ڵƮɢϲƤࡣ
ӣһСһСڵسԡ
ɳϣŶֻ
ҳ˺üڣŻð࣬Ȧ
ǲ̫ϰΪˣϰԵؽܹһУϴšˮƿҲǣǸżҲǣʲôʱʼǱʶѾ츲صı仯
ϸ˼֡
ͻȻʧȥζ
ìܵһεĵλ
ͷǧɻҪһ
Ҵȴ࿪ʼ
ֻΪʲô˳ָͣڣǼ鼴
ֻڲ輸ϣǰӣϥϣζؿңҪ˵ֵּء
ɿӣ󿿣ֱɳαϡ
ҵķӦЦ˲ɫαϣģϴ㲻˵԰æı𣿡
˺һᣬŷӦеĳı߾ָʲô
˿̵سԣ㲻˵ûô𣿡
ǰ׼
˳Ļܲ˳ը˵գװʣʲôʱգ
ζؿұһɺʹֱ׳Ҳܱ¶һһ̹̹ⲻǴúıþҪϼڣѡ磬ڴյĻ
һֶ࣬һʳָָ컨壬ڿѲһȦڵӹϵĻ¶ˮһָŻ¶ˮһƿ¶ˮó
ЦһĶ󻹡ͦ۵ġ

ջ֣˵Խ˵Խ
ӵ
ɨһۣű̧̧°ͣﻹ𣿡
м˵㲻˵𣿡
ߵǰոãٳһأ򿪱ţ̨ɫС
˸ֶһŵȫ߲ˣڶһ⣬һˮн޺Ӵ۸ɡ
óӣ²ƿơƣͷҲûأ㲻Ǿôڼҷôơƣ
ҳĶһǰҸģڼһֱҡڲûȫҪҪˣײࡣ
һ࣬Ϊǰʱ䣬棬˳ġҪ𣿷ҲôȾƣҲǰ衣
Ǿ䡰Ҫ𡱣ʵúᣬųɺͲȷҲ±ġ
ң¶һóּթЦݣȴǴ󷽷ðҾ͹ˡ
ܿһɻ󣬴˱ôر
óƿơƸڵϡ
뵽ϴȥ޺棬޺ȥϲֻڿڱϣĻһ˲䣬ҷϢ
֪ŮѾʼˣȻȷҴôװµС׼ûġ
޺ӵֻһϢȻɾ¼Щ͵ѾĲΡ
ֻŻԭλҵ޺ӵܺüǣϴù֮ͱˡ
Ѿ³Ȼˡ
þ̽Ļ
ֻƿҲ̫˰ɡ
ϱţƿơƷŵ輸ϣɳϣеһƿ°Ͷ꣬ʣпƿ𣿡
Һ࣬жͰԣ뵽ûڼҺȾƣȻûпƿġ
߽ҡ
ӲͷƤڳⷭ˺һʱ䣬ֿտյߵǸ⣺Һ˷ˣҪˣ
ͻȻķˣ˼붼Ϊ̫ڲˣûпƿĶһ߼©ȻȾƣΪʲôûпƿɱʣȻ
û£졣һƿŵߣˣҪŵƽʱĻһ벻ܴ򿪣ڿɲУװװӡ
ҿıЩģоˣҪȣûȥҲԡ
䣬ҧˣ䵽輸ϣһȦͣ¡
óһһһصȻȵ
ЩԼûҪȾƵôԼȺˣȫѹ쵽һˣȻյĽһľƹ
˵ֵֹܾġ
ѹͷĹУ²ǲΪãϾһκ˵ʱѾȥüˣûչŻġ
ܻȷǲֻھϦԽԽԶǸ뷨Ҳûôǿˡ
תۼ䣬Ѿһƿˣڿһƿ
յûȫʧǼŴڸʮ⡣
촩һɫͷ£һп㣬ʱںȾƵԭü۶˺ܶ࣬ӵûжı仯ֻЩ糺죬ԺԲơ
ҿĶ裬Ĳ̣ߵ£ֻץþƿֻ֣ۣҡҡͷˣҿɲῸȥ
һָֻ֣£ƿû£Ҿܺá
ֹĶûľжá
ù輸ϵӣһһ԰뿪һԼԣҧ⣬֭ڿ磬ŨŨζϯǻһݹȥ
ܺóԣҪҪһ
ͷңתսʣµһӣûֽӣͷҵҧӡ
ûԤϵסˡ
ĴᴥָϣģΪ˱ơƵԵʣ΢
ܿ˿һ߾׽һ߿ﶼ׵Ц⡣
£ɫͷǣҵĻʾͬȷʵ𡣡
ҵֻûջùɧĶ0.5ٷˣһζԵİʾҪˡ
Ǻ˻̽
Ҷ㿪ȥñװˮȡ
վ̨ǰҾԼĶЩȣֱս£һҵһˮ˫űӣ͵͵ֻܿĸ첲
ջߣһСڵˮŷˮȻȵģԼˡ
ҵˮˮ¸Լһ׿˺ôһڡ
׼ΪԭһȥĲ²Ҹȼ
Ҳûйľѧʱֻɼйһθ飬ҲûԹʱڣıҲǵģһǰһû̫𡣸ʱҲףûǷ˼ÿ춼ѧϰȥˣ˼ûⷽϡ
䵽ôأ׹ĸͻ
ҽˮʣ׿һˮŻ
һסˣѾȵƿơƣںȵƿ
Ӳʵ˵һɫ۾΢У߳˺һ¶ŴɵЦһ
ֱţôôܺȣһˮʱ䣬Ѿ˽ƿơơո컵˼ȫ׿ֱ
ˣ㶼ʲôˣ˵
ʳָҡڣһڣnoû
Һɵع۲

 37 

ʼȾɫ˵һۣϾƱĶҲʼٻġ
ƺһһصٶֱ̫ùʣµΨһһƿδľƣһҧƸڿзתȦ䵽ϣѵһ
ҿȳԽԽǿң治Ǹ⣬ڶͣˡû뵽õҲܺ񫡣
ߵͼֹ
һƿңһֻžƿԼ䣬һߵ˷ڵϵĿվƿһѵ̻ʵ
ȵ̫µľ˳ᣬմʪ죬ɫ·ɰɫ
ľƣǰ㲻ٺˣ
͵ؿ̯֣ͷҡ
͵ҡͷܾѾˣٺˣܲ˵ġ
ƵĹʲôǵģûƽʱŵҲƽӳĬԣ΢΢ԴǸСӡ
һΪȾƺȳʲôëĻĵһα⡣
ұƿ£̽Եһ䣺֪ʲô𣿡
ü񿴸׳һƺеܲαϣͷǲǺˣӶˣ˭
ˣô׻
۾վñֱִֻࡣ
ұŵöһ£ɳʣ
Ի·أͻȻվʲôֵֹɣ
ķ仡úܳһʱŻصͷСѧϿʦ򱨸һ㣬Ҫϲ
Ŷ
òʲô裬㱼
ҿ׾ûʱĿݣٷְٿ϶ˡ
ҵͷԼŵľƿŵ輸ϣ£³ҪȣҸɴཫơƷŽ䡣
ϱţ󹦸ɡ
һδüģԡﴫصһ죬Ӧʲô͵Ķˤϡ
һֲԤУܵԡſڣַŰϣҪšʱ񴥵ɿ֡żǶŮбһҪ飬һϲʱ淢ʲôĻ϶ӣĻ

ʲô.Ҳ̫ˣ
һڿˮţʣû°ɣ
ţЩСҲЩ˻ơ
û¡
ҸԴжϳӦˤڵˣӣŷ죬ԼҪҪҽȥ
㡣˵ɡ
һ˼ɵģƹڿ϶ѣҲ֪Լ˵ʲôֻʵ뷨Ҫ˷һѡ
Դ˵죬д棬ʦĵضѧѭѭգһ⣬ʵشвУ
β˵
ǣĻ̫߳ˣȥųˮŤŤͷһԼĿӣûдã
ãͷûһ㶯Ҳȷһ䣺𣿡
ǷԼûдҲӦôò˯ˣ
һţ
š
һӦ𣬴˵
ôˣǲˤˣż㿴˿ûУ
ˡ
վİõشš
ˤűߣǽڣһȼҪǽһһִֻڴϣһֻŶӣ˫۽գ촽򣬿ܡ
Ҷĸ첲
´㻹ûˤ
ҵվҷߵɳϣٺ
ֿƷ죬ӦˤʱŵˣûƤ
ߣӣû¡
ۣҵ֣һƵĿ飺
ҺֺЦôɵɵģֻûˣԹԵģЦ⸱С
ûﲻײˣ
գգ۾ָҽŵϥǣеʹ
ַŵţ׼뵽ʲô̧ͷŹ˵ڰ㿴㲻Ҫ֪ûҪ㶹˼
Ŷ
žĿţϥϷȻϥǺһƬЩƤˣѪ˿
ԹԱ𶯣ȥõҩơ
ҽҽҩ䣬õ£ҽҩ䣬ҵǩ
һ̧ͿԼʲô𣿡
ߵرܿߣҶͿֱ㶵ðһ䣺ÿ
⻰ûƺȣǩ˵㡣
˻
ǩԶ˿ڣԲҲǹġ
̧ͷͷϥǣͿĨȻӿ죬Ǿ䡰ûпϲ㡱˵ѭس֡
Ҽ򵥵ز꣬ùǩʰҽҩ䣬ȫûпһۣ಻֪ʲô顣
źҽҩ䣬һ̧۾ͿױԼͷȫںף޵ķ˿΢΢΢΢졣
žԼͷһΪ΢Ƚ䵭ı飬߳䡣
ѾóôԹʱѾɳ±Ϣȣ̫δ˵Ȳɳγһǣ˵Ȳڵϡ
˯˿ͺܲҲˡ
һط򿪹ӣó֮ǰùױͷ
ҾӸµؿ˯ŵܰ˫ĺʱĴţɫƽպһ֣ǶԴĶȾ˵ķֻۣطڸ
Żѣ̧һͷͷһ㡣
Ժۣ۾ͫ׻δ۽
̧ͷͷȥ
￪ӣǺá
һͷƣǴ͸忴͸ġ
ҾԼһ㼦Ƥָסڵߡ
˯
ҵ֣Сȵػ˻Դ
ҵı޳ĽëɨģķΧһϸСĶڿӡ
һ飬ջֻ֣ĿڣĶӡ
ԡңţգգ۾
⵽ô£һദʽҲ̫̫˰ɡ
֮ǰһֱԸŵĲ²⣬ˮ档һжڽһȷеĽ
ҵֻǱֽؿڵĶţԽԽأ˳»
һڵϣǰǧףûйУΨһ֧ź˳ߣԴڸһźһ
ãȻػܣϵƿϴˮڵϣվϴˮŻԭλ⿴ԼʮֵǱ
ҵԼųȥɳһûӦ˯ˡ
ע⵽첻ͣ䶯˵ʲô
߽˺ûСضԴԣһ˿ʮϸ΢۲ûҪ˼ԴĴ
ȵϢĶϣģû˵ʲôҼ¿ֱĴ޵ɨĶ䣬ͣ
Ķ˽ʮ룬֡
ҡ
ҾԼĺͣ룬񵯻һһ㤵ض˯ѵˡ
ǰɣ
ڵɳ£ؿڣ˼һΪ⡣
ڻȫʵǴʲôʱʼϲģţ̵ǴΣԺ˻һΣ
ԲۣĻҲص̫˰ɣ
ɳ˯û˯Ļboy

պװµؼά֮ǰദģʽԲܣҲû취صǰˡ˺̯ƣҲУΪѾǳ֮Σˣ˼Һ͵˵ܣƲµΪ˵̯ƵĻָԺֱ
ҲУҲС
Ҳˡ
輸ϵֻߵ䣬ͷۻ˯Ĺҹ˷š
ֻڷȥ
ֻҵ۾ˡһˡ
ڴߴ˺ü֣ɾúôʣһ顣
ң˵û֮ǰ˵Ӧҡ
ҵڴϣſԴ
ãϵֻ𶯡

㿴˵ʲô
ңҵ¸ں˻Ҽҡ
Ȼǳû˯
ң
Цġϲ
ҿķ֣ʼ񣬸ദĵεοʼӰһһ֡һ֡ػطšʵϸһ㣬Ӧͻ֣ᷢǾǵС˼ĸɱҡ
ӦҲ٣
ҳסԼԴֱȱƿڴڵ
ӲӲУ㲻
*
ʱѾˣۣĴס˴ҵͣڻֻеĹķ϶ڵذӳһۡ
ԼԴģͼԼʶ
һˮӳ
һԼϥǣߵ
ϸ΢Ķдеһ٣ָֻ糣æ
˯˶ˣ
˻ƣֵͳû˯ѡ
ҷ²˵Χȹϲ˲ڻӦ˰ɡ
һֳǽϣһԼ̫ѨɫеѿȻ˯ôã
Ҵ򿪹ǣѾкõ˽ȥϽƬʹУϸӣǡ
ųص忿ҡ
żΪŨľζľ죬
ԴƽӣֱؿҺʱǲ˵ʲô˵Ļôûһۣ

 38 

ҿȥֱͦ壬ûУǾ̫ˡ
ŶվֱߵԡңˣΪʲôҵϥƤˣ
ת㲻ǵˣ
һַſϣҼǵûõ𣿡ͷԼϥǵλãòҺңˤһӰɣ

ŹŵһķӦǲǵԼʱԡҷˤӲҰҲǵԼ߶ְɣ
ͿԼװʲôûзʲô֪Ȼͻģ˵ֻعƽߡ
Ҿô
Ѿʼ˲˵ϣǼ򵥵ļҳСˣȴʳ
Ҹʢһ뷹԰ɣͻȥ
ŷӼˣǷϾͳ˳ۣûԶ˯һ磬ͼˡ
üڷˣŶҸոյǾ仰ʣôôߣ
ҺѣһѧӦôͼݺúѧϰ뵽һ£㲻ǴѧתרҵӦûæŶԡ
Ŷ
ԹԼϴ룬ûֻܾϣ鷳˸Ͻ뿪ҡ
һص輸ϣֻһֱ𶯡
㿪΢ţȫϢ
ʱǻϢˡ
ôϢǲڿǸܵĿ԰
ӣǵôˣ
Ѿʼˣ

ӣ֨һ㵽״ô
⻹ļˡ
ҽ֮ڴϷ˺һᣬŪ˵ԵģſϵȻҳһ飬ط俴˻¾һ侲˯˸𴲾ͿʼŪˣֻι͸ߡ
֮ǰڸ΢š
ĻϢûУҲϲ̫ˣ˻ϢǸ
ķеɣһֻıעѾ˶Է롭һȥò輸ϵˮ
׼ŻԭλҼͻȻðһԴȵıϢͿǻϢһɵľ㳯ҲϮ˹еߣڿʲô
һֵֻûˤϣֵˮֱӴϣմײ淢һ̶ִ죬ɫıǡ
ҽֻڲ輸ϣͷȻֵףðɣǲвûģ֪˻𣿡
˻ȥվã֪û
վһصǽ壬˴С飬ȥɨѣɺüˮɨһ飬ݺݵصһʼٸߣãһ۾ȻǹЦݣεЦݡ
Ҹˣʲôë
Цʲôҧгݡ
ŵһƬմɣЦ⣬߶ң鼫ΪƽûЦ㿴ˡʮֵıʹ߹ɨѣɣҵĴҽ
վһԱۿʵʵؽɨһѣŭ½ЩŵѾıӣһʼɫȻɼ͸ģϻһ
ϵոյЦݣͨˣ˸ֺɼ͸ıǰʧ
Ǻǣһ׸ףûʽݾȳԴף񾭲
ɨһСɽùӲҪͰ
ҳֹҪͰ
ڼҾǴүÿţɼҲôͲܵͰ
ҽóһССĿݺУڵϣùӣ鵹ȥӣ򿪵ӹҵͼ
˻һ󽺲ſݺӷڣóһ֧ɫˮԱʣڿݺ۵λд˼֡
һдһ߽үЩմɻǲöãఢ̻֡
ŶڵϽС̲סϲˡ
ţ֪ˡ
ҴմɱСݺжͰ
˳ְҴӵ
Ŷ
ɳϣŲСߵһСͷһơƸǣӽͰ
һѾȥһˣҲɲһңʼȥɣҽˡ
ҲûŲߣЬǴ뿪
߳⣬ءһžΪعˣһҲ
ߺȫɢƵģϣֽ̯üġ
ûӦôߵһزˣ
ǶβôѾʲôˣ̸Ƕһ죬пվͻԳûվ͸æµĴھͺһ׺ѣûʣûҪһʱȥӪάĹϵű˴˵ʱ䣬һɢĻǺα˷ѱ˴˵ʱأ
ƺ˵ĿʽҲӲȷԼǷӵһĶҳõĸ顣
ƲЩز˵ҲûܸһСʲôпֻһʱ𣬵ȵǵĺָ꣬Ȼȥ
ЩҪԭûһҪԭֻǰɵܵܵĺѣСĻ䡣
ֻ̾˿
*
һǰŸ̤칫ңһ
תͷŴܹզզġ
ͣ
һַҵļ磬һֲ㣬ҸովͿˣüҲûߵ̫ȥ˰ɣ
𣿲˼ûġ
һߣһ졣
ôˣǲǼţ
ʵͷ
ıûϲͲҪȥ˳Ȼ
ҿ˵㣬ŵɫأҲôġǣȻμˡ
˵Ҳİ˼ҹ˵ʵһϯ֮صġ˵ͷͷǵ
е֡ҵˣҰ͸ҵĶԣҸովڿҪҪ֮ǰҵţ̻Ǹ򡣡
Ц
ԹԵ⣬ߵٶȿЩ
վԭؿıӰһ˿ĸо
ҷˣתͷߴѽ
ߵߣѯʡ
ԣӦȱܿһʱ䣬Ȼ侲ٰѶ𣿡

صλϣѾȫûиոǸʧǵģֱȣҡͷ̾ûôôиԵŮˡ
̾ͷȥôˣҲʲô𣿡
Ҳô۵ķա

°صСҽÿݡ
һѶǿݺУҶԼĿݣϴԡƷˣǰµġҵ֮ұЩ
׼һͿһϤӰ߹
ۣѾ߹ȥˡ
ſݺߵߣ͸ĲƣϻһƷ״жϳӦװһӡ
¥
ߺضһҲһŴڿʲô
ŵòûĿݣſݣһ񣬡ûʲô
Դ˼ӣۣ֣֪ˣϴθͶ㲻ڵкӡ

ոոﲻס
Ҳÿ˵Щʲô飬̫֪Ҳá
һûڣѾԲһˡ
ǲ׷㣬ֲϲͶ
ʿˮôһ¾С
ѹϴôãԭǸСӰ
ûףʲôʱ򣿡
ʳ֮뵽ȾƵǴΣûлؼң绰ʱ棬ԭǸʱûȥһֱ
ע⵽ˣЩߣ
СҲ̫˰ɡҡҡͷǿǸӡ

ұſݣû߽һ¥ߵڶ¥
õ绰
ҿʾֻ
ι
û𣿡
ʲôҽȥס
Ŷ浭Į϶Ҿڶ
û㻹һˮϴβˤıˮ𣿡
ҧø
ұſЩۣŵϣŸ绰
ˣûȥԼðɡ
ŶĲҪˣˮƬȷã
ֵ⣬Ƿ⡣
ĲҪ
Ȼȥɣ´δգĲȥ
Ŷ
Ҳһֶ룬ˣˣݰݡ
ûȵӦأԹ˵绰
ҵ˺һᣬڿ¥߳ߵĽŲͣһ£һȻ٣ҪȥĻпܾͻ˵ѾˣĻһжˡ
ϵƺĵĺûȥֱ뿪ˡ
һſݻؼҡ

 39 

һڣҶŹǰ˵󼸴ֹʼǲƭȵ˵뿪գҲס졣
˼ĩҪô죬ʱ϶㲻ʱ˺Ϣѡȥѧϰһڣϳ
˭Ըȥ
ҵһվ˵Щҡ
칫ʮ˫۾Ҳˣ֪˻ΪҪȥɽɽѰ
£ΪÿѧϰǴĩʼٵһĩó̱۲˵ռĩļʱ䣬ҲûвһҵĻԶܸߣû뵽ξȻô
ãǾռһ𣿡
лУ㿪ĳˣ۵糸վ
ԼϣҲʶոյԼж嶯Ļ䣬ѾվˣһڣսǺõġ
ͷֱӣҲ̫˰ɣΪ빨ܵҲ̫ƴ˰ɣֲʲôħ֣һõأôͱЫ
ǣһеһڶ֣һɣǲѾ֪֪ϲ¡
ЦãˣҪǻ֪Ļɵ˰ɡ

Һһһĩʱȥbѧϰ
ԽԽõܵôãò׵֪ˣȴһᶼܵҲ
ͣû̵֣תͷ˵ӣľԿһ£ʵֲҲͦõġ
㵽ߵ˻Ǳߵģ

ͣеĹΪĲã㿴ҵܵĺֵܣôҵĹϵҴ˸˾Ҳ
һˮˣֻǸܵļ򵥰¡
*
صͿʼʰ³ż꣬粻Ȼ䣬ȴҲ紵
䣬¹ʰ˼ʺּڴ·ԡһЩϴԡƷĶ׼ˡ
ұۿŵϱò䣬˼ʲôҪЯġ
˼
￩һǹɣ
߱ߺһ䣺˭
ţһŮ˵ҰС
һ
ţ̫̫һ黨ȹһཻ磬ЦСٹҪˣ㿴ʱʲôʱ㣿
Ҫھ͸ɣڶڼңҪһˡ
̫̫ͷУڸɡ
һصóֻ֧ɨ棬֧ĸɨһ°ɡ
̫̫ŵִóֻ֧տ룬ҪӸ֧ĺѰɣԺֱӸתҲͲˡ
ҸǮͷ˷̫̫Ϊѡ
̫̫ЦЦҾȻȥˣһ·˳硣
ãлл
ţһصʰ
һУҪһͬ·˸ϢԼĵصʱ䡣
峿ɵģ¥
СܶǾĵģһ˶ûУֻһ󺮷紵Ҷڿ顣
ҺôţȴǸƽûڸоЩ䣬׵ϣ
·͸ۣ첻֮ǰǸֵࡣ
ҺͬӾԼߵڸվ档
յվʱҾͿӾѾվˣͷֻ
ҹȥкһȥ򳵡
ϰ˵ʮֵĳƱȥbдҪʮһʮ֡
˶̫ˣԣһϳͷ˯
ƽʱ𣬾ƽʱа˵ӵΣҲֻߵʮ𴲣ߵʮ־ˣһ뵽ܼǸصСè˲ѣûа취˯
ΪĩѶ˯Уŵ´ϴ
ǰѾתרҵѾҽѧԺѧˣǾùѧԺѧΪѧԺһƬϿΣûаᣬסԭᡣ
OO@@˸Ӵ̽ͷմӲۣʵô첻ĩ𣿡
׸һ㲻
׼õˮϲտȥҡ
·Ǽ͵꣬뵽ÿҳԵʱ򶼺ܿģ롣
Ҽſڣţҵ֡
û˻Ӧ
üãû˻Ӧ
׼õεʱ򣬷̫̫¥
ţܾȣС𣿡
ͷ
㲻֪ϾȥˣҪһ֮Ż
̫̫ɫúѿһۣͼ¥
*
춼ǰѧϰιǵĹ˽۷Ѿ㣬ҺӾڸһ·߻
Ŵ򿪣ұӾһЦЦˣЦ
Ӿָǰ棬ɻңǸ𣿡
˳ָŵķ򿴹ȥ˫ֲڿڴվķǰſؿ
סˣû뵽Ȼҵ
һʱûҾùǰĮˣģһ¶ȡ
ҸӾ߹ȥ
ҡҶ£Ҳ˹ϵĴ̧˹ۣƺ˵Ҫҽһ̾ͻᰤᡣ
ѡ
Ӿ֮ǻֱ˵Ĺϵǡѡ־ܽҲʶȤûˣ˷ͻطϢ
ִֻֿ࣬տգ糾͵ģӦǸյûá
˸õĿף𣿡
ҿûĳô˧ͬ͡

ҸԼ̨£ûԵĻһȥ԰ɡ
ûҵĬˡ
ʱ·ߵǰҰ1¥
ƣôͻȻˡ
䳰ȷĵƮң㾹ȻҶң
һڿˮĲʱˣĲ֪νӻ
һԷ򸾴һСŮҺ͹ȥվϡ
ҾռΪ죬ԱһڣγǿҵĶԱȡ
һŴˣһ߳ȥҺ͹ں̡
ƵģŵƲ档·ϵĵƷŻƹ⣬Ƶ겻ǴеķضΣߵеϼûʲôˡ
ܿ˿뵽ʮӾܵһֵʳ֣ȥǱߺˡ
Ųرץסˡ
ֵ֣ʡôˣ
·ƣŹ⣬ҿı飬ֻʲô
ӣڣң㲻ҪңвС
΢죬ؿڱ仰ݺݵҳһǰᣬʯĳҲûа취̩Ȼ֮
Щԣһֱܵʱ⣬һͻȻأܽڽҹɫ֮С
ҿŵصһӰӣӦãҲ㡣
ԣɫûиոôߵһɢ
˵Եζ㲻׼ƭҡ
Цĸ첲ƭġߣȥԶ
˳ҵȣǰߣԳǧѰû׷ѡ
첲һ٣ɿָ֣ƽദ롣
˵ʲô
ͻȻֱĸ첲΢ŵ̾˿⻹أҪǧѰ

ҴһݣԹҵĻ׷ۺܺóԣҲûʲôɿڵģ
ֻһݣ㲻Ҫ𣿡
뵽ոյĻҪ⼥ˣѾ˧繲ˡ
ң˵û˧

⹻ۣȻ˵ʵ
Ĳ͹ݺܶˣÿһӶˣһҺģȴҲһ
Ҹ굥ǡһ뿪
ڵȴϲ˵ʱ䣬ҾЩ˵һ£Ѿ˲ٶָǰദģʽбҪ˵ڵ뷨
˵ҾûǸ˵һҸ˵ĸܣҲôϲһ£㿴߸£ⶼֹһˡ
°˵ʱʱͷҲ֪ȥûС
ЦЦȷʵֹһϾǸС

 40 

ûϵ˵Ҳ֪λӦӵֵķΧڳһȡ
ϵˮһˮңֽӣȴû̧֣ȥ
ңһᣬŬһ£вУ
һ̣Ҿһȭͷ޻ϵǰƺ;ᣬԼӱܣһ˲䶼޴ΣЩܽܵģܽܵһжһ䡰Ŭһ¡
˵еǼٵģûŮܿ׷ǧֻΪһ𰸵ˣ񽿻޷ܾᣬ޷ܾӵ
Ҳûа취ܾĿ
ﶼϺĲ׼ڣԱͶŻ׷ˡ
ǺòһΨΧ
˧磬ãĻ׷ۺˡԱű׼Цݣһķ۶˵ǰıһ˲ǰֺð
ʵһˮҡ
ұۣջ֣治ɫؽǱˮŵҵֱߣŷԱ΢΢һЦһԿӽ棬
Աߺ󣬹³׿ǣĻ׺ͷ˿ΪƤ㣬вѽ
ұͻȻðڵĽɵۣʶʼͲԸԼϵƣſڱտڶСӡ
һźŵġ㡱еͷһ˿˿ĵϷ
ҸɿûȥֻúðǱտռƳȺǱ䡰㡱ų亹޴̽Ѱ
У԰ɡʳ޲ش
ҷڱʱͷ˵һ䡣
ǣ𣿡

һ涼꣬ϵĻ׿ǶһСɽ
Ѿȸոʱһ룬Ҳ࣬ûиոôӡűˮôȻžĹ˿ȻûԤϵ꣬׷׻ͷ⣬һ󰧺ˮɵһƬ·ƵĹӰҲģ·мֵ˴Ҵܹ
Ųûͷܿ硣ǳüûдɡƿһʱǲͣҪһʱ䡣
δ򵽲ϣһ̲ˮ˳»һˮۡ
ͳֻʱ䣬Ѿ˵ʮˣѾˡ
ע⵽ҵıͶôˣżŻȥ
ûУһϡ˵ԼĹǡ
⸽ûɡ𣿡Ŀӣһֽ۲죬ٶֲۣһΡ
룬⸽ûгҲûֻ̳ǰʮһұܻ꣬ɡطӦûС
ƻõĻڣͬҲ⧲˴ֲͺˡ
⸱վԸ£Ǽұģȥɡ
Ļͬô꣬ڳȥ϶ᱻܳһðô죿ǾͲϿˡ
ˣ뵽һ൱⡣
첻һˣĿγô죿
ȻվţţҵΪǿһֻεסĺû
̵ԭλʵʵˡ
ҲµˣΪŭɶôΪӿأɾʹˣ׳ɳ
ôӿأĳǶԼĲ𡣡
Ȼȫûлڸĵ˼дʡ
ǾȥϿΣҲûúΣ㣬˵⣬ȥȫͶѧϰ
ұ仰ҭסˣһ׵˵ʻضӡ
ô˵ǰĴ
ڴֻ𶯣óӾ΢š
쳤ӣƤҪ͵ҵֻݡ
ͬҡҿ͵ֻϢ仰ͣ𣿡
Σˢ÷۰׵ǽϹŵӪҵִգû𡣡

ưôûͣ·һ˶ûУһСʱǰУûȻ¶š
ͬ¸ոûлȥҪҪɡҡ
һû꣬͵ػͷã˵á
仰ûأҸ˵ã̫ˡ
ţҲôɡ̫á
ҲΪԭܾ
˽ӣƻô
ҿʼЩסˣҪһĻǻôȥһҲʵѾм˿ðŴܽĻҲ뷨뵽침ҪȥʪĻð·ʪˣҲûû
Ҫֻһ˵Ļνȥϴˮ軻·
ҵĽ겻ֻĵͼ鵽˸ı꣬ȷʵԶ
ӣȥɡǻȥɡ
ҲУôܹ꣬ȥ϶ʪ
û£ȥƵ겻ǻϴ𣿡
ǲҪɣһðô죿
ݸһĵЦݣģǿ׳תžܽĴС
ҿıӰԽԽԶ𽥱ģ壬ε̾˿
Ӻ󣬹һ͸ɡ
ɡֻǿǿˣɡҲܵĴáɪɪ
ţһֳɡһ
ҵִȥܵһߡ
ΧĽմʪ˵ĿţЬӱϵˮݽʪ
ˮϴӹĿһǿ˫ֱۣҪͨĽӴ
һ§ҵļ򣬽ɡ΢΢б
žĽֵ첽ǰС
ҿŵϵˮӣСض㿪
Ʈˮʪ뵽һ⡣
ôɡɡ̫Сˡ
˵ɡ̫˷Ǯˡ˵㲻Ҫ˵ΪûǮˣ

ĹͣЪĴ飬Ҳ˵ֻͬһɡ
ɡպһˣµ̫ͻȻˣܶ˶ûɡ
ұͷһκһ·ϵˮ̫ˣû취
صƵ꣬ɡɡϾۼˮ˲ڵγһ̲ˮ
ſϵ·ʪ͸ˣߵӶʪģ촩ǳɫףʪˣɫۡ
ոմɡƫ˰ɣôʪ͸ˣ
䣬ʪյģƤܲ
ǣߵƵǰ̨
ǰ̨Сְҵ΢ЦãС㣬Ҫס𣿡
ҪסָŹ
õģʾһ֤
һͷʾ⹨ó֤
ұµĿڴóǰ̨С㣬ǿһ䣬ãҪס¥
Ǹͬһ¥㡣
סùϽԡϴ裬ϴҪǵôͲ·˯Ȼһû·
鲻ԸӦһĽûϡҿôһӣ˵ϴ
ϴ裬ͷðɣϷ˯¾ȥҹͬһ㣬ҲֻǸ䡣
ţûãĽŲ
ű򿪣վ棬һͷںڵͷʪģڶͷžƵԡۣ·һ¶߶ȣ۾ͶһƬ
Ƴۣĺ棬˵Щʲô
̽Դ߶ַۣҵļϣ
ҿôһʣôˣƵġ
ţԴǣĴű˿

 41 

ԣҵͷԼĴţһ׷ɫͨ˯£ɵ㣬ûκα¶ĵط
Ĵʲô𣿡ʡ
һֳǽĻ¶ı飬㲻Ů黹Ҫ㣿

˯¾ͲҪڱǰһΡӣƽӣҳ⡣

תȥ
ʪ·ȫɳϣߵߵĹóͲõԴԾذ·
Ŵţô붼ò̫ԾôøֲģӦûбҪôǿĸвŶԣʹȷʵ˵档
ߵɳ£ͷæ
תŷͲôұķ
ŲҼұķҼұķûǧѰ

˴ĵİɣΡ
·߰˰˸ˣҹصͲεԴͲŻԭλ
󣺡ӣҪҵͷҲһ¡
ҹϹţҵұķˣ
ϸĿڣǲǣ׷㣬ô˵ҲҸ㴵ͷ
ɳ¡
ֹĶҪȥˣʱˡ
첲ϵûɿ峺ʧ䣬ôͻȥ𣿲Ұ㴵ͷٻȥ
ԼнţԼܴȥˣ𴲣ߵǳţȥվ
˲ûô𣿡
̬ǿӲԣ˽ܳѾǴ治ˣȥϿΣ
Уأ𴲡
ѹ֣ߵűߡ
Ӧòæɣȥվü𣿡
ҵץŰ֣æվҲԶ
˵꣬Ҵţں溰һ䡰߿㣬˿ˡ

һ磬ˣϴ·ߵͷֻʮķ֡
΢ŴڣһϢ
ңŪ
ˣſڵˡ
Լİߵűߣ뵽ʲôóֻӾһϢȥ˾ٵ
ţȻվˣ·廹ǱȽϸɾģ°Ե壬մЩȥĵӡǣӶ˼̧ͷƣЩۡЬճǵӡ˺ܶ࣬ƽɸɾȻͬ
ô磿Ϊأ۳ۣ꣬˯
ƤЦҲҵ˵ҡ
ҹŵֶ£ƺڣʹѾӦˣᣬһתɱ׷ߵݣδҲִ̫ˣûһ׼ʱ䡣
ҹ䵭ûп
ߵǰպõͣ¥Ұ£ӳ˵Ӱĵźܿʹˡ
Ҹһǰһؽȥ
ڰ˷վھƵűߵ
ĽֵδɣɫˮذɫϵĿӿһ̲ˮиСﵥ·ּһСƬСˮ
˲٣ŵζˬˡ
ȥϵʳ֡
峿ûҹô֣һȥֻм̿ˣĵ̶ǽմš
ԭƻֱ͹ȥվȻƨˣһӶǸ֡
˽һݡ
Ｘûй˿ͣԣܿ죬Աϲˡ
Ҫʱ䣬Եúܿ죬۹˹ɽ亣ζ㣬ϸʡ
ҿôߴٵԿ㡣
̫첻ڳθѡ
ǱˣȻʵ۶ôżҪȥǸ̫أ
Ա󣬹һֽݸңҲ졣
ӣûдȹӳɣʵЩ
ţôˣһͷˮôͳȹˣ
ϴδȹĻǸͬ˵˵ЦЦĻغϣﲻζ
ûǰһڣ̹ϵ㴩ȹӡ
ֻʣ̰ɫϸǵɫлҿԼ˿δӴ׵ˮȴᵽ˴׵ζ
оĳȣŨҵռϧͳȵ
ҵùֽϣԳô𣿡
õ㲻ϧһܵǧѰõ൥ôãõĵүϰԣõʼء
ȷʵһ㡣
شζӳ£̧ȥ
ۣЦĻ̺Ųɴݻٵ飬Ҹոպá
˲Уֻңֻҡ
*
գûȥվˣ·;ıһܾ͹ˣŮӦܡ
һصƵ꣬պӾ߳Ƶſڣ˺һᣬֻѾ˵ȹȥôھƵ
Ӿ㲻𣿡
Ҳʶ˸˵ãȻػͷ¶εЦݣͻȻûˡ
ӾĲɣҲûټ׷ʣԿ϶ԸǸйء
Ϊʱһܵѧϰ֮ýˣҲ̤˹̣ųٵ˵ľɫЩϲصеĿȻ˵ңΪʲô˵
ʱһܣһϰ࣬ڰ칫ǰԼĶ
һ͸Ц
޿κε̾˿ɣ
ôûһ伫Ϊ򵥵ĿףûκεǰԣҲö
ңҿܵܺÿģԾͰĵַˡ۷Ź⣬ôûзʲôĶǵ飿
ҷļУۿԼıʼǣ䲻ûС
ʧһΪܵôҲðѵƺš
ҿʲ֣ùĿǰ״ֻˡ
һֳΧۣС΢ؿң֪ǰҿƴĳ˾ҾƿҪһκҵİ칫ˡ
Ļ뵽֮ǰڰ칫˵ЦҲû̫ȣЩ鶼Ԥ׵ġ
û뵽ʮüˣСﹴȥ˻꣬һΪǸʵء߶߶
ݸҲʵ˾ϲأ
Ҹп󷽵ôûϲأҲҪ衣
ԱͲĺɫǦֱʣʼидˣʵʲô裿
۵ͷдֵңƵ϶裬˶ܵһôģ

һϵĹҾЩᱳʹֻԼļͷתȦȥ
ϬƵģҲȥҲҪȥ
߰ɡ
Һһһˮͷϴ֡
߸Ь⼸ƽң鼫Ϊƣվߣžңֵ˵û׷ĵʿͲҪľˣӦðøҪˡĿں죬šӣתȦڸֵϣٲȻһСģ
ҹصˮͷÿλã״ðɣ׷ߵ˾˲𣿡
ŲҸոյλãӣŴͿϴûгֽ˫֣һ˦
Ƶ˦˼ˮ飬رۣۣͳŭ촽Ϊոյ⣬ں컭˴⡣ƿžǱԼȻɫǲв
ҵߴԼʪ̧𣬿ں춼Ϳˣ𾪵Լͣ˼סЦ
޹գգۣϿҵȷʵҪӣǾúðɡ
ϣת뿪
ȥ
ҧгݵơ
һ׷ң˸Ĵָޣӣ԰һΪأû뵽Ƣô硣
޹ġȷʵҪӡġ

 42 

ڰ°࣬һصңóԿ׿ţڴֻ𶯼¡
ûóûϢǿ̫ˣеԲ
ڲϳԷϷֻҷ˺ü΢ţΪûصڵ˶ӵҪˣ֣˺ü
ҵ㿪˵һһ߳Էһţһֱȥ
ӣ̫ţˣԽԽա
û뵽㲻һˡ
ŷٵ
ҴЬܹȥš
⣬һƷҿЩ죬һᣬϴڱҿŶ·ŵľӡ
ûصŷֻ֣ﻹ˾£֪Ҳá
˳Իڰ
Ʒŵ輸ϣеߵϣֱֻй°ɨһϵķˣͳЩ
͵ֻ˶ǳ⣬ȷʵͦҵġ
԰Ȼأ
ȥ⡣תʶס󣬡ˣҲ౥ˡ
ͷ֣Ҳ˳»۵糸֡
ǰܵĶʱûηηβڹ̬һĴܼһ˿
ԴԷ˳Ķ棬
ҾԼеͷƤ飬֪С˼󣬲ǴЦ񣬻ƽûһ˿񣬷·𶼴š
ʰ꣬ߵŷϵĴӡ
Ƿɫģƺ˶Ů˵ġƫǾϲɫ
ӵǣЩĥˣҸ뿪²ӣӴ·ľͷٴαţЩӵûա
žƷ̧̧°ͣϲϲ
ɳϣڵɫᣬóĺӡ
ģ򿪸ӣǱ̶סˮǰɫģҿԼĲתһȦƬƬμѧԺӭĵģʱЩۣԲҲڸоֱֻɫžͷµЦץĵģû׼ͱƬ
˵ƬŶԣûзȦҲû˭뵽⣬ҺȻǸʱڼȺ˺üƬоţӦþǹ޺Ҫġ
ע⵽ƬӦñȻô
ӱ鵽棬鵽˱·иСİģһСĸYTֱռŰһλá
Ҳ̫˰ɣؿ֡
㻹˿ҵ֣űףʵ
֡
ţ
ҵд
סˣӱֿȡ
Ҳ̫ɧ˰ɡ
͵ЦӹԵĵ¾˳ַ˼ҳڿҳʱɫͱˣƮݵдšɼҡ
ֱط˼ҳô͵¾
ҷıӣǶʱ鲻ãϣҿ㣬Ȿҡ
ŶһߵüëΪҲӦͱͣװ˼ظ򥣬¶ͦʺϵġ

ԽԽˣ˵ʲôǰô޵رأȫǷŷҵ״̬
ûűӽϴ
ˮ
ߵıӰǲǺۣ
ˮʢһӵˮˮͷϵسˮССˮ
ҹصˮͷýྻĲˮա
ȷʵͦƣġ
е㡣
óľ⡣
ϢȻȥˣݰݡ
ţݰݡҲɾӣ˵ˮȥϴٵ˰뱭ˮӵ׿תһǶǺ⣬ʣ㲻ǻȥôߣ
һƮ㻹û˵ʲôأ
ʱӦ˵ʲôҴϵıӣȻ򣬡Ŷллıӡ
ûľûˣ
㻹ʲô𣿡
˵˼¡
ԭӦĿǵôҲùһҰɣ۹ʲôģ·СģصҷϢЩ׻ôҲ˵һ°ɣ

һ׷߸е̬ںıӻ
Щѧ
Ҳ£Ͻȥɣƨôࡣ
һҾ֪ģߵشЬ
ҿıӰипĺ롣
ߵɳϣˮ輸ϵֻ㿪ոջδ
ĻϢ
輸ϵĺӻǱָոңҸǺúӣĴָĦһĵط濴ܿ͸ˮ۸ǩλá
͹ˮûɧˡ
ҳԹشڼĵģֻеӻŮǵԻȻݵúģҲܱ棬ҵȴûһ˿һ
ǧƪһɵĶԻڣ顣زţ˭˶ľ
ҹصӻó٤ڿտ̯˶appŵֻ֧ϣ£λϴұһˤɼ͵ˮĵط
ֻĽںŽġ
ջ֣ô뵽ǸëͷСӣ
˶꣬ҳһĺ٤棬
Ϣãʼʰ
ãֻϣֻϽǵĺ΢һһˣϢ
һֲһֻ
ǹϢȥϰ
ëϣֻֻϢϰ࣬ǮҳԷ
ǿԣǲ֪ԸԸⱻҰ
ҷ˸ۣ·׼ϴ衣
*
գȥ˾ԼҪɵ
һֻ߻Ŵ¡
ʱ̣ͣĹӣ緹ɶʳöЩˡ
һû̧ͷͰдˣֻҪٵӡ
칫ҵſһɧ
һº͵ɤС𣿡
칫ͷ˷׷̧ͷмŮ¶ȵߴߴü˶ת򡰲ءڵԺŮˡ
ҵ˼·ϣԭѾӡԺһйֱֿһһֵɢѾ벻һֻһˡ

 43 

ͷ͸̨ʾĿ϶ſڣ˲ɵ̧ۣ־͵شҵĸ첲ǲģԲۣӣ쿴˭ˣ
һڣȻˡ
ȫ̧ͷþ۹ƴԼϣȻΪ˵Ľ㡣
֪ĸһ䣺˭Ҹ
ƤЬڹ⻬ĵذȶ׷ߡ
һ飬͵վ
ע⵽߷˶Ȼ֣ʿؿ
촩һɫĽװװһƽûһ˿İɫϵһɫŶͷȫᵽͷɼÿһͷ˿ɵرᵽԺ󣬴һ˿ȫȥѧôѾƴİ졣
һɫ͸ֽŵõ廨ɫľƷмǳɫĺᡣ
Ǵͯ߳ΪһЦʿ
̽ӵĿ⣬ֱ߹ȥ
ұ⸱𾪵˵ءĸֵ֣֮࣬Լصһһ߽ڶȫϸڲȻǧҲһ
ߵҵǰü飬΢΢һ˿ЦݣϵľƷõ廨ǰ
޶ԣû͹ھôһ£Ӣ˧ƻãһִͬӰʧ
ֻҪˮʾҽӹϵ
ɵ㶵ؽӹ
ΧһƬ
žƷ֣˼ûǰ˵һˣܻ㣬ţʵ̫ˣԭżȻһεĽԡҵֱһǡ
Ĵĵطͨһ㣬ܼԴԴϵشҵ񾭺ʹԡǰ챻Ʒţӿ
칫һĿˮпʮƽ׵ĿռϽӣȴûܴ˵硣
Ա߿һǾֱˣеϸһû£񺰡Բۣ۾һգգһС©ĸĶӡ
ֱǣҵûɿĵлҴܣһ
㡣⿴ܶ˫ſϷ۾СĽЩȵҪƳһһ޵ݵС
֣εõ廨Ʒİ칫ϣҲٳõܷܵ³ĶԴǣ־ֱߡ
ԶЩߡ
ǰߣǣںͷ̵ظš
ôһôֲʹ׷ߵݣҲôĿŵɣѸûʲôƤԺôͬǰһϯפ֮أ
ʹĳ˲ʵʵڵر޺͸жڴ֮ͥ±òõ׷Ҳĵģҵ֪Χ鷢ڱϵĻпԭԼϾѵ
ǻ˻δѾήȻĶ
Ժ뷨ֻǣô鵽˾ˣòˣյΪ̫˽ˣȫûпĸܡ
·˶̲סͷʵ̫עĿģһ崿˵Ůǣһˣ˻üĿЦ˭¶òЦݡ
˽ˣܻΪ˲˾һӡ
ߵ¥ݼ䣬ţȥԼҲȥ
ųصعϣһƺߡ
Һ͹վţߵԭҲò̧ͷ
һӵڿԷйˡ
һֲһָŹҪؽһ
ͷ䲻ĳһ䡰ǸƵ˸ոڰ칫𣿡
һ仰׽׼õ˵ǴңںִҲ˵״Σʲô㡭𣿡
ƱյղƼա
ϣڿصѾ벻˶ݣڿԿ϶ǹˣ΢ѧƵķǻͼۣһֲ©ȫˡ
ĿĺȷЩЦŮˣŮǱ䱦
ţҴ𰸾ͺˡ
ҿŲһָǱ˻ĸоЩΪģܹίʱ޵طŴֱݺݵ󱬡
һԵˣСĳɳͷΧ˶¶Լϰԣɱ׾άһۿ
Ʋסģ޷ƵģӿС
ʼյͷ뱻Լʧ̬
ܴڰɡ
ܲԾͷ뿴
Ҵøˡ
谵ŵС¥ʲô
ЦûִҪűȦīͷɢ
Լıģһ죬׼ȷסȦͷ⻬˳һͰ˷ȦڿдһƯĻߡ
ҸܵԺһ޷ͷ
ֻͣڰУɫķȦסʳָָȦָſȦ˳Ȧס
Ŀԣҵƽ˶ʮһ̺һ硣
𣿡ұۣ˳Լͷ
ķȦͻȻ뿴㲻ͷӡԹԵĵţϣÿ
е޴Σóֻʱ䣬Ӳس⣺ѾʮˣȥԷɡ
¥ݼţտʼأѾʹˣбӣְס
һǰһߵǰҺҹȥķȦںڵͷɢסȵĶ
ڵȵݣ߸Ьڵذ
мŮ˵

Ÿպô򿪣ŵݰťȽ漸ŮСܹŵݣǡ
Ů˽һԩ·խ
ǺֻˣܿҸվڵŸŮվںߡ
ֻϢԼܸһȥԷˡ
һͷŮ˿ң׷˧
ûϢš
һŮ˸ͣ԰԰ңҸ
ƱۣһδԣվԱߵŮƣ˵ǰɣ
һҾԼһʳָص˷͡
֮ʶȥķӦ
ɣӣɡ͵Цֻо˱⣬͵͵ȥֱ
ˡ
㲻ҪϿ仰ں䣬Ӳرȥ
ң㲻ͦæ𣿡üŪۣʾ㵽Ϊֹ
ֱϴʹ۾һգûգֻҽͷõ󣬲ҵļüŪۣԼæҲûҪ

ڵȵݵһ¥
Żûȫ򿪣ǣŹ첽߳˾
ܣ¥Ĳ͹һͣ˿ûԥ߽ȥ
ֱҲħ
˦֣㻹ؼơ
ˣر
һ֪Ƹľ
ҵ˫λӾȥʢζȣôһţڶˡ
һ̣ӳ
ڶ£Ҳżųԣ˫ֽڲϣô
ţҰϺŶ˵װ𣿻ͦ˧ġ
û̧ͷͲ˼ش쳤ֶϺ
أԲԼȥ𣿡̧ͷ
˲֣ҲʼϺʵǣûоҽ죬رӾΪİԵܲá
Ϻʧȥζң𣿡
һŽһûȲ˵磬δ㣬Ե𣿡

ԭԵܲô۵
ûдƽʱ˺ܶࡣ
ר־ذϺޱһԵܲõζɴǵĻȳ
ϺߣҺȼԼ⡣
һֻϺ˽֭
ҿţʺϺմϽ֭ˮҪˡ
վϺҵֱߡ

֣԰Ҹ𣿡
Ҽһ飬㲻𣿶ң
ҽ첻ǰԵܲãʿ
ɫ
극򵥣ֻ棬˵Ҫ򵥵Ļһ׷ҵĴ
ͳֻֽסˣôҲ²ȥֵ㿪֧
һĻ𣬷Աɨֻ
Ȼʵļƣ
߳Ѿһˡ
գãһܷɻʣһְֳ׵β͡
绹п𣿡Լ΢΢¡Ķӣ̫ˡ
ңڿΡ
ϽȥɡҷǸԼߣָһߣǱߡ
ع˾
ӵ·̣Ҫˡ
˳⣬˵ҽӦٶװġ

תȦܲôֱûУ


 44 

һص칫ϵõ廨ͷۡ
ŵ󷽵ĿλϣһСƬں޵õ廨УҳһŷۺɫĿֽдţ͸İŮ
ƵƬػصλϣŽȥ
Ҷ̽Դ١
һæϳ롣˵ġ
ˣҿ㿴ô񣬿дʲôǲʲôŨʫ裿
ȥԣʲô£û±ôԡ
ˮʲôԣˡ
°ͣЦü⣬š
Һǳ⣺ˣúϰࡣ
¡ż㣿жʮӲϰࡣˣʲô
һˣʼ磬ûʲô
ڰǲĵģңʲôʲôˣǽһ𹲽ͣô
Ҳڹ˾Լĸ飬򿪾Ʒһɿӵ״ǰ״ģ򿪣˼ԡ
֮⣬óԵĴ㡣
ʳ֣ҲȥǸ⣬Ҹϸϸһɿֽװ׼ͣʣǹܵ͸ҳԻ᲻᲻ã
ң͸ҾҵˣôöУͳ԰ɡ
ԴҲһвУ

*
ӽ°ʱ䣬ҵֻĻˣ÷ֱߣһ۾Ϳ
ǵã°׷㣡
ұЦˣ׼ŲֽۣһϢ
ʱݺɲݳ·ϡ
ҵЦݸһƳӴӴӴɵЦʲôԴҪҵֻۼֿ췭ֻϣ
Ӵι׼ˣߺЦš
治ɫؼ
°ʱһ칫ҵ˷׷ʰ
һ̶ûж˵ԣұƮƮһ䣺Ǵʲô簡ϰ˾Ȼһ°͹صԣǲºˣ
Ҵһȭ֣ٳЦˡ
ӴҳЦ㣬д˧׷ŮҿĽء
ûʲôӦ칫ҵſھͳλԵܲá
Ϸ´󣬱ӣ쳤˧绹°డ罺ᰡ
ҵһۣϰóǴɿ˳ֽŰĵĿֽߵõ廨ȥ
·һͬµλãڡ
ߵø졣
֣ҽõ廨ʹӶ
°࣬ܶݣŴʱֻкСһƬռ䣬ȽȥٽȥݷεεΡľ
߳һֱһһŴӣڲ֣Żϣ鼱֮£ŵס
ٴδ򿪣ң˵°ͣ
һ˵ע£ݡ
С
ֻڵȵݡ
ôģ֪
ʱû룬¥µҲǲԣ룬һ˵ȵҲ̫á
ûԼ뷨ҿ㡣
ͷҵĶ³Ҳ׷߱ѲŮ˲ϣ
칫ܶŮ۾Ź벻ۡ
ûԴƣģʲô߻Ůҵۡ
Ŵ򿪡
ҿŵŻ򿪣߿յģӳǵӰĻڼҸ׳Ƴģֻһ
ðԼҪˡ
ֻˣһ㣬Ŵ򿪣мŮŮһԱˣ̲ס
Ƥڽͷֻ
߳ݣ飺Ǵ򳵻ȥɡ
ȻݣüǮڼּҵ˵һ⡣
ˣҲûʲôá
̾˿Ϊǲͷܶĵϱ
Ļȴû뵽ϧҲڼңȻĻҿ㣬ȥ㼷ļ
ǲ뼷ǲ
̫ΪģΪġ
°߷ڣ˼ˣһŶһֽһǰ
ҷĻͷʺܸߣʱʱƫͷǡ
һԿŮõ廨ƵƵעĿ
Ұգ⻹򳵻ȥ
صԱ󣬹ϴ롣
ҿŴһװŪҲãҪ˰ɣŪ·
֣ϻŽǻķȦϿαЦһ磬˵ҴƵġЦһӷ֪֮֡
ҽνõϰ¡
һѵԼķȦ
ѵɫףɳϣ⿪ɫĿӣߣӣ¶һؽļ⡣
Ҳ鵽ȳʱмˡ
һ׼λεվǰ
ôˣû
˳ߣڳΧȹ˵˼ǣΧȹ˭Ҫɼģ
ȡΧȹһķ걼ͷûʱ࣬м˿
Ƶᡣ
ҳȱԼ̬Ϊĸı䡣
Ҫˡ
򿪵ӻû˸ոյ
ҿŵӾ磬˼ͷ塣
ڳһ
ҴЬȥôˣ
ֻڣʲô᣿ôⶼⲻ
ҷ˸ۣתԼˡ߽⣬ѵôΧȹ᣿Ҫ
һ͵Ц
ˡһصŮǾȻڽǣңϾͰ¸Ƶ

ˣոǳŮܿ˵Ķ۾ֱضŵӣ
ҴÿΣʦش⣬Ρ⿪ſӣ¶ÿǣһţɳҪú˵ӡԣô⳥ң
ЦһңûҪԸġ
ε̾˿˵Ůˣҵù
Ժҿǻӱֻ
֮ЩеûģԺɱҹ˾ˣ㰲ֵ㡣
ζҪٸΣô
սȭͷŴһ㡣
װµ飬ѽûһҪҼұˣ

輸ϵõұţңﻨ˶Ǯ
ϵЩ׼õ˵Ǹһ飺Ҳһٶ顣˸ѡ
ҲţûҲûյôµõ壬ڼ۸ƾҸоʢһ˵Ļ꣬ȷʵôҾֹһٶ˰ɣô֦õ塣
˵˵ţɵضŹòƭҰɣ
ʼ磬ʶˣҴһۿۡ
ʳָڻϣĸꣿң´ҪҲȥ
͸ңͱ֪ˡҲǴƼңɲױ

ҽ﷭˸׳춼ûҵʵʢЩõ塣
˸Ͱװ˵ˮõŽȥոպװһͰֻܹ졣
ŪһУת󣬲졣
ôˣҴˮͷϴ֡
ЦһкûУǾáգһܿġ
ĵĶͣסϵĭûش֪˵ʲô
ҲǣһҲܿġ

 45 

󣬰칫˿ҶһĽģҲвмġ
칫ڼ䣬칫ңҡ
ҸһֲõԤȻ
Ȼİ칫ңһϣңǹ˾ʲôֳҪҲҪ㡣
֪ƤЦԺȻô
΢ЦܣҼǵûĻǸʱӦʮһʮ֣˾˵°ǰӴҶЪϢҾͲռϰʱ䣬ǸʱҲûŵ˭ɣУңҺǸ
û뵽һôڰ칫ңҲ˽⣬ǵ;˵ϰڼҵĶͻ칫ҵĺ䶯
Ĭ£黺Щ´ע㡣
õġңûʲô£ҿȻȥ𣿡
˸ߵƣתߵű׼š
ңȵһ¡
תɷŰϣʣܣô𣿡
ӳóһɫļУϣи߻Ȥ𣿡
ɿ֣߹ȥסݸļУ۾ؿݡ
һӹҴļ̧ͷУҿԳԡ
г徢
УȥɣҪְæҡܿԽ𣿡
С
һص칫λϣʼĥ
ݣ㣬Щ۾գ¡
һЦû˵ĳԸ
ҵȫڲ߻ϡ
Ҳߡ
ż춼ȥô࣬ԸҪ
ҵıʼǱڲ輸ϷţԱ߷żרҵ鼮ǳɫļд򿪷ڲ輸λá
д˺ü죬ԺѾͿˣҲ벻ʲôõķƿԿԽ
⼸ûϢã۾ɬɬģӿ
ϢһҶԼ˵
һţſɳķϣС
һˮҷڳˮһˮ˳ȥѾ˯ˡ
Ųᣬˮŵ輸ϡ
ȥ˯뵽ֿʼ
˰Σûн˼װǺãÿڱϵķ˿
õ򿪲ĵƣ۷ϵ鼮Ͽĵơ
ЩɬѶרҵ̾˿ȴɡ
Ҳ֪Լ˯˶ãֻԼĲӺᣬۣһƬڰֻвĵƹ˿һСǡ
۾ҲԼ߻ģ
ٿվϵ·ڵϡ
Ҽ·ЩģƲ
һĻҴסˡ
ıʼǱԣһ߷飬һһЩݣɫﵹӳŵԵĹ⣬ʲôʮʥ顣
ҷǽûгҲûжһᡣ
ʶڶƫͷ
ɫϱˣ
ϵѾʧˣ߹ȥЦ˵㶮𣿾ôҵ
£ͷҾ͸Լ뷨˵㶫ûֱ뵽ĵϣԼ½һĵ
㿪ŵĽű꣬ҵĵĹ֣չʾ֤ûҶݡ
ҹ𴽣Ц֪ˡ
½ǵʱʾʮһʮ֡
Ȼ˯˽ӣ
ʶһҪ¼
ʧɫѾʮһˣŽˣ㡭
߶ϣһΪİע壬ô죿
û£Ѿǵһˡ
˹ػ鼮ȫϡ
Ұһһû
ˣѾˣӦϢȥϴ˯
ҿźϵԣأ
û·ҲûϴƷҪôأ
Ҿôһɣ㲻Ҫźá

ϴ裬֮ǰõͷͱ
￪վڷſڿ
һ˺ܾãһֱû˵ڵ뷨ʱĶߡ
ַſϣģҲֹסǸȫǵĻͷ
򴽣һڿˮҵĺ촽΢
תһûȥ˯뵽һ绹Ҫϰ࣬ٵôȥ˯ȥ˯컹Ҫһİࡣ
䵭ޱҹɫΪһ壬ķ硣
ߵĻôҲ˵ˡ
һϷš
㽻ڵ硣
Ҹո˯һᣬûʲô˯⣬ڴϣ㶡
ողѿڶˡ
һ磬ˣųȥ˯Ҳû
ԡϴãϴɾ׼͡
Ьôذ
󣺡ô磿
һعͷûϴ֪ҪҪͣʡͣҪ𣿡
ˣһûϴء
µˢ
ߵԡſڣţҾ͹Ͱɡ
ô˵ĺԣ
ڵӹҵһˢ
ͣó
ûëϹˮ飬»
ôҲ
Ĩϣ⣬ѵë
ָŲϵֽɡ
ߺسһֽȥϵˮ飬ҽôأʲôʱְ
ҽƵǰ㻰࣬ԡ
*
һڣһ߻칫Һܶͬ¶Ŀ࿴Сʵǿһ꣬Ѿ˺ܶԱ
ҽ߻
һȻûʧ
ҺúϢ죬¹ʷʱ
ڵҽñƽʱ˵㣬ŵ㵽﹫˾
ѾǰõĲ߻շҽϣ¡
Ļϲطһһϸϸؿ
֮ǰǸĵŻô˳ɣȻĻдĶһܿ
ÿһҳ̲ס͹һ֡
һμܲһˣҪ˵Ļڸ˵ʺͶԴ̬ȡ
ÿһҳҶЦݡ
սͿЦУһ𿴣ʲôأЦġҳ֣¾ʧ㿴ЩȻ΢ЦһΪڿʲô۵ƻ
ҲͷָͷĶͷһĶʲô
ԼλãŲӣܵܵ
ʲôûءҿԼĲ߻
ǰɣ㵽Ҫ˼Ҷã˷ıʱ䣡湨򱧲ƽ

Ҽһҳ
߻ˣңơ
һƬհףգգۣٿһΣһûκʵϵı仯
һŭڶϣļеϣָŲ߻һУҧгݵҿʲô
ָָŵĵطС߻ˣң¡ʶԾǣô£
һɢ˵ı¶ȣûܵôί
ĳɹƾʲôһ޹صҪƾԼĹϵ
ɸʱԼһϵҵ˳ȥҪָǳҵǸһŭɶ
ŵյ칫˻϶ˣһܵűߴ򿨽ڵͬЦôô
ڵķΧҵ롣

 46 

͵ļУһͷȥңɫܲãûҵƢǺܺദģﲻº˵ٱ¶ġɱ
ԹͰĻ˿УôҲ˿ڡ
ҳļУû˵һȥ
ߵİ칫⣬ҲԼŭȭţƵּ٣͸¶˵Ĳͷ

ҰŰ֣߽ȥҲûȥûйϡ
߹ȥһѽļ˦ϣһҳֽ˦ָļУ߻ĲԱô£
ƺҲûԸܵ
ͼȰ˵ʵһֶѣû̫Ӱ죬˳ҪĻ㣬ȥʱѾر˵ˣҪ߻ˡ
¶һѿЦݣĨǣֱֻһ·ߵͷ
ΪʲôҪأѵ㲻ҵĸһ˵ĳɹƾʲôҪж
ҲĲݵģҲûӰ죬㿴ļЧ棬ΪĴڶ⡣
۾˺ܶ࣬һѵ𾪵ˣƵĹϵܶ˶ֻ֪Ҷû˵ΪʱȻȻҲ⣬㲻ģҲᵱֳԡ
֪ҸƵĹϵ̫ãһʱǾҵĸ¡ֵ飬ҲƸ߷磬ԼΪһŶӵӣżȻһε˽ģҲʲôҶڵˣȷʵпޡ
칫ҵûأ·̲ס͵ۣפۿŵԴø͸
˿Լ͵㣬Ҫ̫
ܣҲǴӵײƴλãӦú˾һݲҪļСԱ˵ζʲô㿴ڱ󸶳ŬûϵЩҶ⣬ôǣûԼҵĳɹǸͻԽǱߵģΪʲôƫƫҪأΪǵ㼨Ч𣿡
Цһ˽֣λϵڣ
һ仰һ죬ûãҽһ̣Ѿһˣֻû뵽ҵĻģһӶ޵ݣ澡ʧ
ҲûʲôýģһѾɶ֡
վҳֽļã¶ЦãһжҵĴԸ⳥㣬ֻݷѾύȥˡ
˼ǳ˳ȥƵ֣˵˽ˡ
˳ȥҲҪκûĲûκμǸĻᣬļоߣ˳ִš
ڹãŻ˺ü£žֹ
ص칫ңƿɫôѿվװûײȥ
ҵһۣƿߣôǰ
ƫƫƲʶȤءѽһ칫һĿⱻ
ѹҶ˵˾䡰ôˣҵɣ㻹𣿡
ǵԽԽԡ
ˡ
תߵƵİ칫ԣ˦һӣļһα˦ϣγɫļеı߽ǴѾˣܲסô³ĶԴŵĺüҳֽƮ˸ڵϡ
칫ҶͻĶסˣؿ
ôײ˵ĳɹΪ˺𣿡
һһ˶ˣᡰ˱ż̬ȡ
ɵۣûԤϵһڹڳ˵Щ֪ԼΪҵĵߡ
޵ľЩΪȻռŬĳɹ
ƻûӦʱǰһӣҪ´ΣҾԲŹ㡣
ڳˣƶɵۣ⻹ƽ˳
û˵Ŀ⣬ûȥЩֱ߻Լλϡ
Ҳûǰ˵
һȥƽ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ䣬緹ʱ䵽
ƫͷȥԷɣ
ЩսսȷûСʣںõ𣿡꣬Լ£ϸĿڣãȥɡ
ЦЦû£ҺöˣҲһֶѡ
˵ɣʵĵúܡ
磬Ҽûʲô鹤ǳķྫ䣬״̬Ҳ֮½
°࣬Ҹһȥ
˺ܶ໰⣬Ҳ˺üЦ
Ҳֻ΢΢һЦȻһ
ҸڵϷֱ
겻ᡣ
ƺЩˣô˵鶼Ӧعô˵ĳϣ˲ı⣬̫ˣûа취鷢ԼϣĵҰ޷
ҿźɫӰģԼСִ
ǷϵҪһڿΣ
ĵףΪΪܡ
ûдȻ±ֻ֪нĵһ汩¶£ۻŻɢȥ
еŮŵַ
гյվǻվһվxxxгǰ³עгվ̨֮Ŀ϶
ҲŻվˣ
̾˿˳³ߵȡ
صС·ͤϴǸ屣վụ̋߳һּٺɫ̣һֻ̧ͷۣң¶òЦݡ
ҲͷòһЦ
ĸоЦؿҺһʱ䡣
óֻ򿪾ӣžԼҴ
ûаûʲôֵĵط
ôԼ
ҷ˼⣬ߵ¥ϤһĨӰ
һж͵ͨˡ
ң忴Ż¶ЦݣҶơ
ߵߣͳԿ׿ţתԿףʲô𣿡
Žȥû¾Ͳ𣿡
Ŷ
ž
ɳϡ
վʣ鲻ã
죬ûбֵú԰ɣô֪鲻ã
Ϊϡ
ǵġ
ûߵˮﻹˮֱȥȡ
ʱһˮ
ȵˮɡضҵ촽
ҿðˮ̧Ҫӣܿҵ֡
üƫͷȥ𣿲ǸҺʲô˼
˳ɳķϣ鲻ãһүζҸ˲ˮﶼ벻ءűٴοҵĴ졣
ģҼƤҪˡҳעӣԹԵغˮ
С۴ɳαϣĳ˾ڸв֪
ҷźñӣǣӵ˰˱ӵĸ
һǵҲãӵҡ
бҲͷ
˵ľֻܽҪٿһ㣬ܴĶͷ
ָоҲڣ֪ʲô
˵رܿССŲλãҪ֫Ӵ
ЦΡ
ԣ˵˵㲻ĵ𣿡Цݡ
ҿŲ輸ϵıԼЦǸƲȴһֱڵġYT
ǵƹ̫ᣬˮ̫ӵеһж̫ҡ
ҽ췢ͷβ˳ί㵣ŭ
֮ؾԼ˺ܶ࣬ǹеԹɢһ硣
˵ѹ룬ķӱ˵빨ܣЩĵʱ̱ʧڹ˵ǡǡ෴

 47 

һ˵ôֿ࣬ˣСһڡ
Աߵ̫ڰˣĻš
Ҳȥûüɫž
һֻḧĺףһָֻĲ
ŹͼӲĸһһ֮䣬ȫˬɾζŵů
˱ǵĶһ
С¹ײԭ
ҳɵؿڣ㡭أ
˵ǻһһģġ
ԺŬģԺҾԼһҹ˾ϰ壬ϰҿ˭۸㡣ǰ˵㷢ĵļ˵ҧгݵķ
ҶͷţЦ
ϴָоˣ֮Ĵ𰸡
Ƭ̧̣֣ľһһ㾫
ر
Ըܵ˹彩סˡ
žĿʱӣ¥ϵĲȶĳͻĺһ̶
ҹɫĶŮ
һɡҺԼ˵ʲôڵͷԱȸ߿ʱ
ðûг
ʱҵ֡
ҿʼգ᲻̫ͻȻˣʱĳĬҿʼһɡ
Ƿڳ嶯³ç
Ӧٶ˽˵ʣ
ҵóôۺ󣬹˵ˡ
𣿡ܼҸоڶⲻΣ
ҵ˫类ץסһɾ˷ֿ
źܶȷϲ
ĪģҾϲǿྡϲ
˫գ̣¶ڻ㲻Σģһ£
ЦùƻģԾصͷ
͵ḧ꣬ĿΡ
죬Ҫıɱ׷𣿡
ʹһǰۻ壬ָоѣǾģ
ĴֱԴȾ糺졣
ҵǯסֱֵֻظһ䣺ھˣ
Ҷ˶ûĿƣƿһ
ӦлڵǾ仰صƿ
Ҳ־¾ݣ
ٶȸҵĺףԼĴҵĶͷ
ʪֹ̡
ҺȻе㲻֪θദˣɬ
ץֱۣҶˡ
뿪᲻صԴУϾʹȥ͡
ƺһ˻ͦ״̬ġ
վ⿴شЬһ˿ϲ֪ҺԼĲ߻ĪĶһˣҲ򱧲ƽվ齫׷·Ʋ
·ϣҽҪʲôҿһʳֵĵ̡
ֻſƤһ٣ǻġ
ָŶ¥ƣԻСϺ
УŮѵġ
һζãſڱտڶǶѡŮѡ
ܲܲҪô͵Ҵ
üȻͬ⣺͵ǲܵģⱲӶܡҺ޲øѸ£ҵŮѡ

ԱѾҪﵽ״̬
ԱǶתתһߵĽҵλá
òͣ͸ĴѧڴںƵӳ£ѧֺۣȺѧҲйһ˵ѧҹеܽǿģǱˡ
ҿڴֻˣֻԴ
Ļʾţ޺ӡ
ʱ㣬Ϊʲôأ
ι
ӣп𣿡
ʶؿ۶ĹԼӦпգôˣ
ұɣȻ˳ǶͶһƱ
ŶаңûµĻҾ͹ˡ
޺ͨ绰ӵʵ㲻ڼôô
ôڣѵҪ˵ѾĺֵһˣһԷɲУôûһٸ˵
ûʲôͳԸ˰ɣݰݡ
û˵ĻᣬϹҵ绰
ˮ룬ĵʵôˣ˭Լ㣿
޺ӣȥ˳ͶƱ쳤Ҫȥˮɶ㿪𲻸ң
û̧˹Լ飬ŶСҪæһȥ
ϷҲ̫˰ɣСˣ
̹ˮ;߶ңùոµģظոյĶѾǧˣͲʵսˡ

ԱСϺ滹Ż𣬻ˮðݣ죬ҵҰĹòС
ûôԷҲƽʱˣҶǰ󱳣Ȳؼһֻ͸СϺŽ
ͷһСϺ˻ȥ̫ˣ
ҷ¿ӣˮһˮͷ
˺üֻŽԼ¿ӣָֻڲϣððʧʧģôͲ̣
һˮᣬ̫
ǱߵԱ£ĴָĦǣҿûˣ
ұ̻ӣ˳ſ죬³ͷ
ȵĺȫҵ򥴦ϸµذҿ˵ͷ
ãɿ֣ûʲô⣬Ǻ˵㡣´ע㡣
صԼλϣҲſԶվһԼĪʮԱҬ֭ؿǣոձ嵲סû
òڣǣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ҵʹԴտʼȣ¶ڷ
ԱϾʹҴ뿪
ܲȥҵĸôˣ
̧ͷݺݣԺ׼ڹڳˣ
ɺͷԣôˣ
һҵҲֱ½ˣ
һһذϺ
ҲϺ
ֻǣ˰Ϻȿȣǧ
ȻϺƽʱҲٳԣԲ֣кüֻϺⲻʣ٣СϺѸ㡣
һ룬ҡ
һŹϺͶɹһʣ㲻𣿶ң
ȸŮѳԣŮѡ
ˣˣ
Զ༸ֻҾûģҪðˣһҬ֭ҪҪڱһֽдҵѣ
ûͣϿҵ𣿡
ͷ
һұιøһģûôԡ
һڵҬ֭ûôԣֻôһ㣬㲻𣿡
ûұȽٳ
Ұô˵ǾͲˡ
ֽƵز֣ϲԡ
ҸɰͰ͵㲻ϲ԰
ҪһǨһС
죬ж֮໹еͷƤ飬ɡ̫ɧˣһ꾫Ƶġ
ŶһߵüëЦЦؿңǹˣСȡľ𣿡

ʱҹԵóֻǳ⣺أеһһԷŮ򵥵ĵ
Ա֮ѲǿЦ⡣
֣û򵥡
塣
˲ΧͷܶҹŸոմ˷š
Եʵ㻹ҪԵ𣿡
ţҪ
ʵҲʡ
㹨ȥһصݣɾ࣬Ҳࡣ
ϲҲܿ졣
Źڴڵس档
ˡ
Թ󣬹һؼңҵļſĥ˺һᡣ
ҿŤŤģʣ𣿻ȥ
Ǹ˳˳Լ𣿡

߹
Ҵ򿪵ӣĿĿһᡣ
۾ڵϣ˼ȴڡ
ǹŮ𣿺һĿ죬᲻ҲһķÿȥҲ죿
е㺦¡
輸ϻŹ͸ˮˮˡ
ҵȥó٤棬Ƶһ٤ϢƬ̾ȥϴ衣
ϴҲͷֻ޺Ӹͨ绰
ֵֹģô绰ѵıŲˣ
Ҹȥ

 48 

룬ˡ
ιʲô£
޺٣ӣһˣ
һô֪ģ
ǲǣ
Һһ룬ʵš
޺̾˿Ȼ
ôˣңˣô֪ģ
ȻȥȦɡ

˵ô㵽һģôһ㶼֪
Ҹɿп˵ɡ
ԺҪ۸㣬ңҿ϶Ź
ҹ˵绰ϽȦһȥͿΪȦµһһɫӣûжĽͺݡ
¿ۡ
޺ӣ
ԴеĻظ
ң
ڶ죬һص˾ʱһȥ칫ң֣صضǸԼĴ󣬱ʾԺٷԵĴ
ʵѾǺˣȻѾȥˣҲûҪŲţֻҪҪõڶ־ͺˡ
ҽĵǸ
緹ʱ䣬յ˹΢ţһȥӰһĵһԼᡣ
Ϣ
ˣ湨ܵܿģϱڰš
ɿˣ̫ˣ̫ܵˡ
⵽һߵģ
۷Ź⣬йУô̸ܵоô
ҽļķӦôأҲĸ˵һôãͷˣ̲סҪ
뵽һʺݹıֵĴңҾðɣھǷũūѸ質
쳤ҵļ򣬡УѾֻˡ
ʲô棿Һһ
ܿ˿Χûʲôˣܵڽϡ
û˵꣬ұǺһڡ
ȿȿȡԼؿϣ㣬Ҳ̫Ұ˰ɡ
Ҳ˵˵
*
ԼϾŵ㣬Ҵ˯˵ӣƵʰԼ
˭֪һ˯ѣϤ
ٿžԼͷЬûд˵ȥš
ǳɫTп㣬ͷóһɫֽ˶տɫĻеˮ飬һ͡
ʮͻȻܽԺ
ʱҵİҲ˽յտ͸ģؼǵðϲüҵЦݣ˵տԢ⡣
Ŀˣ½㡣
ҷ㶣ЦôҽȥǲǱҸжˣȲҪ޸ң
ɪģ
š첲óѺܿ
ŽŲڵϣںͷôЬ
ϴ꣬ʱѾã͵ųˡ
ԵĿ죬ˣָŻ꣬ӣ⻨㣿
ţ
ֲáŲۣˡ
ҳԱʰ˳¥ӵ
һط任·Ҳ˵Ķתһ裺ң
µɨһķ䣬ſߣ㴩ϴɫȹӰɣ
ԺѰеɫȹӣͺٴȹӣʲôʱǰȹӣΣˡţǶȥˣǴÿ
ң㾹Ȼǵã
Ȼҵһο㴩ȹӡ
Ǵģġ
ٳǰҿ룬˵Ժˣϴεõ㣬ҿŶʹһ꣬Ǯûˡ

ԭžѧУĳӰԺ㿴һӰȻԸ緹ȥ޺ӡ
κιϣôҪȥĵĵӰԺԼ˲Ͳ͵ĵص㡣
ŷֹʽлصġ
Ӱһ̳¥Ϊĩ̳ܶˣӵ¸ӣһͷӶͷ
ֵС
Ҹվš
иСԸܵ˵ݵ𶯡
һ죬Ǹ˼Ҵҵһ䡰лл˳ŵܣһŵӰƱӦǵӰʼӳˣ˻ûȥ
ҿǸѾȥˣվԭλãȴĳοģãƫͷȥţ
Уװʲôûؿǰ棬ûӦ
ȥӰǣѾǰֻõӰƱֱŶάȥȡƱɨ
ǰȡƱãߵȡƱ
վߵԱߵõӰƱ뿪һԼĪŮ˹ֻŻųƱڡ
Ц£Ů˵ҪȡƱ𣿡
Ů˫βźÿ黨裬ͷ
ڻĻϵ˼£󣬻ӡȡƱڳƱŮ˸߲ҵȡӰƱض˵лл㡣
ÿҿ۵Ӱƣܳû
Ůܿ󣬹ˣƱŮıӰϲŮ
ͦϲġ
һеӰƱ̧ͷǰĴʱӣӰʼӡ
ע⵽ڿʱ䣬һ죬§ȥ
ҶǷʤʱЩϰߣҲѾ¹ϵˣĲʸС
⸱Ǳս״̬ģЩ⣬ɵˣҲû˵ʲôֻ̲סС˼ˡ
ĶϼԶԺһ
˿֮Ķĥ
ҶһȣûĴУеӲ
Ļȥˣȷȷʵʵкúö塣
㣬һֻץסֵֻ֡
棺𶯡
ɱ˸۸һ
һŮǣһ߰к߹кƵƵͷڿ԰ֻϷĺӡ
ˣˡ
Ц˭ְ
Ҳ
ںƨƨߵظҪʲôϣȥ򡣱׻ҪҪ
ˡ
Ů˵ҪʵҪİɣҹζúܺá
ҳ·Ĳã˵һֿķǵˡ
ǣ֣ԣŮѸķǵŮ˶һ

ƨ
Ա˺СƱŵ˲࣬һλöû
ڵȹʱ򣬿˽ϵĵӰţʱңӰӳʺȽСܳû̼־㤵ĿֲƬʣµľⲿѾӳ˺һʱİϲ硣
һʼä¹ܻѡֲƬС˵͵Ӿ׾˸ŮǱ¶£Ȼչ¶ԼǿĺͿļ˵Ӹ
ƫƫ˲·ơ
ƨһմӣҳŷ֣ߵˣôûѡֲƬ
Ϊ¡

뿴ĻھͳȥҪҡ

ΧȻһƬڣֻǰĴĻͶĹƬͷ˷
׼úⲿӰ
ǰϲ磬ûӾͰѵӰԺ˶ùЦ
ľ鿪ʼŮ̻¶ļԱ˴˵İ⣬ſʼǡ
Ҳڣ߻иء
Ůǵ顣
ӰԺﾲĵģֻĻǱߴЩ
Ҷĵһ̫װûѡ
㡣
Եζв
·ݣ˵䲻ȣڹϲӦûеŶԣĪģַ·ħһ磬Ҿ쬵ġ
κγ϶㣬˵ֻ֮Ĳ࣬ǲɿԽ߸˵ദдƵλ
촵ʲô磬ͷһ㣬һ
Ұ˼⡣

 49 

һ˺һ񣬵ӰĻϵŮǽǾͷڹȥˡ
ӲͷƤزͷ«ﵽʲôҩ
δȫתȥһŨϢϮŲɺӵĴڸС
бǲڹԣתͷĶ˰ӣ˵ĴŴ
һƬհףʱҵĺͣˡ
͵Ϯɹ˻ȥʳָŴ꣬ڻζ
ֵ̧ĶʶΧĻĻͶĵĴܱߵ˶ûע⵽ߣųһ壬ǿʧɵµؿӰ
ЦüһһӣĴȾͱѹסΪ˷ֵֹľٶҶ㿪
ڵϹģһá٬
ġġѣҲŷԼĴڲࡣ
Ѹײڶ֮ջ֡
϶Ц
䴦
ҲؿӰ
Ӱ꣬ƹ
˿ʼɢȥ
Һ͹Ҳǰ뿪
иŮŸߵ죬ûǰ˻δ뿪ֱײȥŵĿһΣһ֣ȫҵȹϡ
ɫȹӴȸһ۵ĺɫŵĿֵζ
ŮæǸԲ𣬶Բ𡣡
ҲͷԼȹӣûϵӰóֽãûá
ŶҲôˣ
ңû˵֡
ۺŮ˵𱸵˼ôСĵ㡣
仰Ҳ֪Ƕ˭˵
ŮǸĲ˼Ҫûȥϴɾ
һȹӶѣʲô߼ҲΪ˼Сû£Լϴ
Ӱ
ȥ
ֽմմˮٲһ飬ûá
ȹڸǲˣһ飬ΧȾһȦմˮǲǳɫɫɫĴԲɫСԲۡ
һµġ
̫ðɡң·оܹ󡣡
Ȼգû£򡣡
һ֣ռ˵ĸо
ǽȥң
̫죬ȥҼҸ𣿡
㲻˵Ҫռұ𣿡

ưͣұһҿʮְķװꡣ
ܿһŵ·عĿ
Աǽ͸˹¶΢Ц̫̫ʲôܰǵģ
̫̫ƺ
ɨһȦָһŵȹӣɫҿ
Աߵ䣬һһģһȹӳҡ
һЩ֪룬ŵװס
תԴȥԿ
Ŷ
ҽ¼䣬ѵԼȹӣȹӵ췭ӣůɫĹߣ˼۸899
ȫû·
ˣֱӳȥֲ̫á
Ӧһ¡
һȹӣžԼȹӺҲʺŪҪÿò˵۹ĺܲ
ÿӳȥ
ڼԶɳϿֻϬƵģ̧ͷߣֱض´¶ɫߵĴԱ˵˼仰ԱЦŵͷ˹пߵ̨
ҿ첽߹ȥпһûҪҪء
⿪ɿĺᣬ°ã㴩ôÿôܲҪء
ǾǸǮҲҸڻѧܻǮ֮ǰôණѹ𣿡һੲݣ֪һǮֻܰײ࣡
ûϵԺÿ϶ȥҲ䷹ˡ

Ա֣ȥ룬ںߴ
ֳɹ۳һԱЦøӲá
ҪһѼҼȥƣҪһӣ·װá
һ߳װ꣬óֻ֧û֧
֧٣
֪ˡĵ
Ҿĸ첲в˵˵
֮ͥ£ǻ㡣
ҷʡ
ǣ߽һһ꣬濴ĲƷ۸ӦҲܺÿ
ԱŻһɫ°ΧȹȥԤԼõš
Ĺ˿ͼÿ·һˮ
ҷ˵ɫһϣ۸ֶˡ
ɫ·ͼĳ档
ԻվŸԱҲ˵ʲô
ⷭ˼ҳ˵Ҫʲô
˼
ҷſֽŵ㣬һ˺ܶࡣ
ȷԱ΢Ц뿪Ҳüô࣬Բ˷ˡ
ҵһˮԼһǾԡһڣʵڲоͰ޺ӽй

Թ
Ҹһ۲ͣǻϰ߳Ϊչ˵һɺǣֻҪйڣֹΪû֮أȫȫΪչ˵һ
ָоɼһʱҲûУȴСĹֵ쾡¡
ʲôæкһ
ųţҲƺЩԾɫҲ
ûҿڣ紫һң
һͬ¡ꡣ
òЦŲͷͷôɣҲԷ
һʼǰŮ˵ıӰЩ죬ңֻǲȫȷ˺üΣ׵Ů˶ĹΪһóֻ˼΢ţǸŮϡ
ûӦҲпԼϴˡ
׼ջߣúøŮ̸ʱǸŮ˲ͷոҵغˡ
ԼȻûϴˡ
׶˺һӣ˵䣬ˣȥк
ϴҵ׷˾ͻʱպòڣǼ칫ﴫ÷з벻֪ѡҶ˵ҵã׷ǸӢεİ죬ҵ£һʿ
۲Ҷˣô΢ҪСһ㣬ҲȽ̶ܴܵܡ
ֻܵܿôôѺأ
꣺԰ܵܳԷ
һûڣһλܸˡˡ
ԣҼϵֽסˡ
мԧڷڣһΡ
ҺٺЦ棬ۣһ𣿡
ջ֣ʵڲôǿνʿɫƽţҾȹȥˣ㡭ѳԵÿġ
лл
ң
һߣҹһ˵أƵġ
ȱóеĺ⣬ô򲻳
ת壬죬ҪˣոһΣ㷢һϢóһۣǲǾ֮ǰ׷˧ͬ£
˧ҧúأĥ
ô֪ҷϢˣ̾ϢܰˣɼҲǣû뵽ϴڵһ仰ֱøССǼˡ
ϵֻ̧°ͣҶˣֻĻˡ
ͱ˵һ˿ѹȸУ
ЩûҪĴ׸أ
֪ʲô˹񾭣أúܺ˵ӣҼһţ⣬ȷʵûҪһ£Ҿˡ
ϼţ͵ģ
٬زһ䣺ͷ֡
û·ߣȻҵĸ飿
ôԵĻ²죿ҷ߷ߡ
ţӣСĶ²ϡ
˷ˣ˵ҪѪˡ
ǵĲ̫ˣ˺óһʱȫ꣬ڼ䣬кŮ뿪
ҸоƤҪˣֻȷʵ΢š
ѾһˣڹȥʱӦòࡣ
Ա򵥣ȴ֪Ѿˡ
Ե̫Ϲһβ϶Ǹʱ
ӣ֡
ҵһۣǹƽҲϣ㵥ĸӦ㶮
֮´򵥡
νСֹôоƽ׶


 50 

ҸȥѧУǰһ˼ңŶ
ϵտʼˣϴװõ廨Ͱúòųš
ĩУ԰ϵ˲࣬ůůƬ׵ѧϰʥء
޺ӸĵַƵعȥ
ѧ¥ĹǻΣǽң޺ӱĽֱߡ
ϰԵҪݣֹ¥㶼Ҫݣ
ϵ¥ǰһȺѧŶӽſΧˮйͨ
ÿѧ϶ųȣ֪ʶĿ˼ײڴ
Һ͹ȥŶӣ볡
ұѧȾԼҲһӣ𽥸룬Ʊ㣬ֻ˯
Һܴ󣬷ȥٸˣΪʱ䲻磬ֻмƫλá
̨ϵͶӰǽ
ڿʼǰӣֳϯ
޺ӵĶڵһϳǵĻ㱨ֳ֣޺Ӹм䲿̨֣չʾСл
ѧһ㣬ϲ£һͷˮϴѧѧӲˣЩרҵѧģͣһˣⲻˡ
ͬһˣҲӷᣬŤŤֳֹⷢڶ
ңúÿǰ档
ҡͷ̫ˣȥ
ұպҲûˣҲôĿŵ
Ŷֻֽ֣ϣſ۾Ƕ

һ֪ʶ͵ð
ҺˣµѧģͿķŵˣôӦ޺ӵ
ӽβͶӰͶųά룬˸иڿĽһص
ɨά룬ΪǵĶͶһƱɡ

Һ޺Լڽѧ¥µĹ档
ұһӣͷȦ
ͼע⣬¶İ͸ֱʲô
ʳָĶӣӲģô࣬ôˣôװģ
ûȹشи˽ס
תӦʽػ
˺һ屻ڵסŮ˼Ϊܣɫһ䣬ЦŮѣ
󷽷ϣץסûֻֻ֣԰ܺÿǰɡ
仰ǿ϶䣬ѯʡ
ЦЦͬ⣺۹ܺ
ĴֱָĦ
ҿŲݷݷѧӣӢļԣѾµˣȥ׵ӢļԳɼһ㶼ڶ·ݹ
ԼСѶѧϰģɵúúüල
ϴεӢļôˣ𣿡
޺Ӳ֪ʱбðܲ⣬Ͱ׵ˣʱڣӢõģҿҪ߷֡
ֳǽϣһض޺գۣ߲֪ڳʲô磬ֻ۾ɳˣصر¶
˫ֱۣӵ޵촽գȴһЦﰵУСҪ
ң˵Ӣܲ𣿡
ǱٵǰϦ
Цⲻʱˣ߰˰ˡ
޺ٴҲ֮Ĺա
û̸²͸ԵɣֱռϷ磬ͼӴףڰɡ꺮٣㶼ûôҵÿλ¿Ӣﻹһĸ߷֡

ңа㣬Ȼƭң´ٸ㣡
̫ƻˣôÿʼͶˣĻţӺ翪ʼһһؼƻôΪǣ
ԽԽԺ϶ԵģļƣȫǶ֡
޺һ±ƣôˣƭӢﲻУ˼룬ⶼǹ磬܇NɪľԲĴҫѾǺõˣɣͲˡ
һ仰ǶԹ˵ġ
ᣬ̯ôֵܣ·ϲһѾˣҪһţĳСڵ飬͡
޺ӣ
һ˵ʲô޺ӵֻˡ
ι

ãȹȥҵȻ͹ȥǻϡ

ݰݡ
Ҳٸƽϣ뿪γɵԱƵĿռ䣬ת޺˵ôˣȻҪȥģ
Ϊ̨չʾ޺Ӵһװɫĳɫװ㣬ȥһһأֻŽĲ嶵էһ쵼ߵķ緶
֮ǰһʽ˾޺ӵȫͬķ޺ǶׯȣƫƦƦ˹İࡣ
С۲ͣףһ¡޺ӻ
Ҳǣȷʵֵףһ¡뵽ǰԼѧžۣȾƣ޺Ŷﶼˣ첹һ䣺㲻Ҫ̫࣬·עⰲȫ
Щȣ޺ϵ䣬û£Ҿôã˵ǰɣ
Ĺ䵭Ŷһ
֪θ÷ҲڼҸ޺ӺȹΣͷ˯β
治ڼٵܹǺõġ
޺Ӽ֤Լ֮ǰбҵᣬҸǷŵǰȺ
һڣüľһ¡
ûסʲô
һС²ؼ߸߹𣬿ðѿ
ָԵˣŵ˰㲻˵𣿡
޺һͷˮʲôʱ˵仰
ʼˣȥĶѼϰɡ
Ҳ¼˸ոǸףЦЦǲʲôֽţ
һ޹ҡͷҪ׶һҪ⸱޺ıƭˡ
ȥӰ۶Ϊ
޺ʣٸʲô飬ļ򣬡ȥѡ
ǣҾ뿪
߳һξ룬ΧûˣֻгƬžسǸʺ˵ĵط
ƿǣסԼĸ첲ָ£ǰ⣬ֻҪشǻ߲ǡ
ǲǲϰӢļҲܹ
ԥ£ʵʵǡ
OKһ⡣ϴҼǲǸû
ιû̻شͣãҲûʧȥģûƿ۾ĸߴʱȴһѾ˶յĻ޲һӿߡ
ǡ
ֱţ޴ǵһǻǿҵһݣɵûдӣʱ϶ڲﳰЦ̫ɶˣ̫ɶˣװװ֣ⶼı
Ǹ΢Ϣ
һʳָһ޺ӵ΢صģ
Ȼżͦɰģ
š
ֻ𣿡
֮ǰˡ


 51 

һгϮ
Ųһԭء
һֱ
Ļ
Ŀĵһʱ䣬һͷίͰ͵ӣβ͵Ļһǳŵ
ͷһ롣
ͣ
ҶĻ׳棬֪ˣúܴ¾͵ǰǱֳü
ҾԼһȭ޻ϣһǻŭ˴룬ǳӲԷԵͷȫ
̾˿´βˣ֪û
ͷ絷⣬֪ˡ
ҿɵɵӣôԶ󿪶²ʵǸļboy
˰ˣԼѡ
У԰·ϵеϣгˮ
ǸʱǲڲЦңʡ
ݲȣûС
Һɣ𣿡ųβ
һǿЦ⣬ǡ

ȭʣǹˤӵģ
޹ǣҵĲ̫ˣһûͻˡ˵ҪлҲһôõ

У԰ĵλúƣֱУſڣ;Ĺܶ࣬ͨݣҲԶվܵѧУĵ෱࣬ͬö٣ѧ˵ʡ
ѧУδɵʱһƬסլʹܱ߻һ־·紵ɹԲϱµϳ
ţߵ˾ѧУһ͵С
Сſֻһ򵥵Сӣһ͵վſڸס졣
Һ͹ƹСһƬ̲ƺƺıкܶʩֻŮΰ塣
Сʯ·߹ȥ
ӣǧ𣿡
ŮЦû˼Ӧ͸Ůûʲô
ˡ
ںߣûϵģ㡣
һûüܾͱǧˡ
ǧ޵ĻɫֻǾʱɹܣбʹãѾ˰ĻɫЩطˣ¶˺ɫˡ
ǧĵģһһεĻ
ǧϣڱ
𣿡
ҺþûˣһӻصСʱ򣬸ողԹԹ˿Ѿȫȫɢˡ
ֻԶɽϦǹŴϢĻʰ׵Ļ졣
Ц£ٸߵ㣡
áˡ
ҵЦǹСŮСŮעˡ
ɫȹڿз裬ŮഺϢȾ֦ͷͣ
ǧϾɣÿεߵʱǷ֨֨µҪǷСʱҿ϶Ầ£ֻûֵǣŵúܿ
˺һǹ˷ܾȥͣ
ûƣǵúܸߡ
ֽͬǧһͬסͣ
ҸԼţͷ
ɿ֣ץץǧֻ֣Ӹߴ׼ȷסĴҺ޷סˣ֮ʣͷһСһ·һͨؾסࡣ
ݲСĿһҵĴʹҵѸ
뽫Լǻﶥȥû뵽øѷˡ
ͷĴУŨмдŹϵĻζǹɲɺӵϢǱð֮ȵĴǰյ˫ĿͲ˳ŨڽëصĴϢΰǱߴŮľ
һ磬ͽһߡ
޴ɶ㣬ֻܱ೤ǡ
֪˶ãҾԼͷҪˣ뿪Ĵ
ҷɿ͵ǱһۣŮ߿˲ȾϺΣƫͷ㿪ŮǺ˷ܵߣʱֻӳǵҰ
֪Ǻˣ𴽣ǣ뿪
Զĵط
ԶһȭϣĹĵ㣬̫ˡ
ûȥ΢΢Щ׵촽˼ɫ֣أ˵ĻȴྶͥҸողСҧˣ𣿡
Һܳ˳ֿסӲʵ򥣬ʹǰĵ·ģ̫ûûƤˣ
ۡص㰡ңڹڳǲ֪ߣСڣͲһ㣿ٶ˶
ɵҶסԴ֣ȻȻǣҾСһ¸ġ

ҵˡ
ƻŸһ𹲽ȥģκҲϣͻؼң͸뿪
ҲûŲߣŮѺأȷ죬Ҳ׹ˡһ׬⣡
ԼҵĳɳϣвܿƵһһػطŽǵĻ档
Դţˡ
ùϢôȥٿأվɳɳ˯ΣѹҾ˵ôζɢ
߽ҰһɵôˣɳôζãȻʹ½
˯¿㣬ԡңϴ裬ԡͷˮسˢ׾ӣϴȥһȾϵζҲĻ档
ҹ޷ƣֻһ¡
ҵ˯ҹɫһ
һص˾ֿʼҵĸҵƽ鵽һɲԼ̸
ЦŸҽͣԼֻǽcpһ״ʵС
Ҽ򵥵ظһ£ԵǸǧǶѡ
ʾϧȻûʲôϣźıڸǲס
ûӦԹԼ飬ô˵ĳڣ
ԴӲ߻¼ȥûңȴҲûҺɫҾദʽˮˮ
ҽӵ֪ͨҪͶһ˵ܹ˾μѵĿΪʮ죬󣬴ҶԵõļԼЧ
ĳɼȵһ͸ʣµѡòѯҵѵһĻᣬиʵԱһᣬôܷأһڴӦ
󣬾˼ǣҡмͬ²μӡ
֪ԼҲĻᣬ˵òˣϾԼʵж٣Լ֪ɹӶȥˡ
Ϊг̱ȽϸϣûҪ
Ѿǹһˣǰȥľȥģ͸ѾһȥгԶҪĶˡ
ҸϢ£ʾԼʮֵί
ֲһȥô⸱ĸģ
һ󳤴ֹϸԼжգдһҪѪĻ»Ҫҷֱҹ¼ҹ˶į
ʵȥˣճճ黰ĺм֮
Ųˮʹļ׵ı飬һϵֻĻⲻãһһĻֶûмУ᲻øʮ졣
öӶ֪⻰˭ġ
٩С̹ͦ˵
ԣصֻĻһЦż
˲ţУѾܵıǩͺ˺˼һңܵǲǻܶࣿ

ǲǰϡЦҼƤҪˡ
ƤĲЩܵûУ湤
ӴǴ𰸣Ǵ𰸣תƻǴ𰸡ԹԵó𰸡Ǿˡ
ˣȥ
·ʱƽزһ䣺ϯӱܾǴ𰸡
ûˣԴʣʲô𰸣
¡
ƲƲ죬Ů˾С
˾ǰԡ
ҽˮͷʪ˫֣ԼգոĻȷʵеģճ
µǧ֣һȣҲ࣬û̸ô͸ϵƵġ

 52 

ٳǰһգŲߣӲҴŽǰ뿪
뿪ǰǣ޿κΣܵһգţٲ뿪Žˡ
˴ҲŻصԼĶǷȫˡ
ϴ׼˯ֻ˿һ΢Ź
Ϣ/[]

ڶ죬һţʱ仹磬˶ûе
˸Ƚ˵ĳţȺ﷢Ϣڵλá
ûãһ˵Ӱ䡣
ҵͷֻûע⵽ߡ
ǰվǳӰͶҲˣ̧ͷ΢Цô磿
£Ƶߣ㲻Ǹ𣿡
ҵλڳεϣ߾Ƿ֣ոʱ£ûƫ򶡺ߣ˵ľеҾòʡ
ɫƶԼλã߿ȥ
귢ˣû˵ʲôƲ𣬡죬ѣ
û뵽£š
еС꣬ӦñСɣ
Ȼûб¶κεĸ飬Դϴ˵֮Ҷĺøоֱ½˵ľʵȴ븽ţǱС㣬ҾͲ
Ļԣˣദˣᡭ
ֹ˵һ롣
ûͦõġ
ֶס˶׼õ˵ǡ
߲Ůѳ˿͵ǻ
ڴһȦͿңһҵ֣߹
߹ڵλЩΣڱϣұ˸֮꣬ķΧ񲢲ǺѺãĬڷ͡
վǣߵԱߵĳ£ֱӺԶĴڣɫеѿ
òظкȲҶߵѯʡ
Ҳڲڣ㲻ܲһɣ

Ӻ˶ˡ
ȡ˵ǻƣķźͽ˺ҡ
˴ΣһŮĸ˾һ죬ŮǷֳӪҺһʣŮһ
ûʲôˣҲñȽϿʸոô¡
ҿôƶᣬ򵥵ظ˵һ¡
죬˵еĲ²⣺ò׷ɣ
ǰɣԻͷء
ⲻǻû𣿡
Ҳǡ
һ۶ǱߣҾǶԱ˺üŮˣȻûãԽϡ
ô֪ףҷŮˣʲôԶ㲻
Ҷ˽ģϵ
ͳ˳ڿеɣˮȥˮҪˮ𣿡
ˮҡ
ˮĿأ˹˵ġ
Ǹ˵Ҿù̫ˣ𶡺ˣʵں̫ˡ
ȻûжԱȾû˺
һصȥûþͿʼǻˡ
һȺŶӽա
ɻɺҿʼ˯˯ˡ
һСʱ󣬷ɻ䡣
˸ҵס޵ľƵ֮󣬰úһ䷿һסŮһסʣĸеҲֳ
æԹ緹Ѿʱˡ
Ϣ֮Ҫʼȥˡ
ھƵĴϣģ
·ɻæͷת򣬶ûüֻ
ڲŴ磬ɫ΢ðźɫӡ
ȥһ붼ǹϢ

û·ɻ
ȥͺúϢ
ϢǰǵøһϢ

Ҽ򵥵ػ֡
ûü˳Ի־ͱ˶Է롭
ú˯簲
˯˸̵ͼѵ
ѵ죬ʼʽĿĲ߻
⼸죬ÿ춼æúֻҲûô
ڹ꺮ůһŶ¡
֪æҲûƵطϢֻ˺һʱ䡣
ĵϣûټӰ࣬Ǳ׼°ࡣ
һȺ˳һƣ룬Ҳûʲô죬ֻϽصƵϴ裬úڴ˯
Һص䣬ϴ裬ԼȻϴ
ȥϴ裬Ҹ˸绰
ͱ
þûİĻⶼŹ¥뵡ϮÿһϸĹ
ôĶˣΪԼǸжء
ıԹЦⲻ̫æһ͸ˡ
ͨͲԼԼѧвȵĻϰ˵ʮ߷֣ӦпΣǿμӣǻӡ
ߵһĵطЩϸ伣ˡֻͳɤôҵĶĤҵӲӢҲﲻĵزż죬ˡ
ң
ˡûĵŮˣ˹ͽһɶ
ʳָڲϣǶȿȥָڶһҾƵϣųİ׹⣬Ƶһ֣Ҿرۡ
Сر⣺ûС
Ǳߺܾҿӱǻ߳ϸ΢
Ȼɽңұȥɽ
ָһʲô˼Ҫң
԰ĩˡ
У㲻Ҫ
ȸոոһ֣Ϊʲôѵ㲻𣿡
Ҹף밡ĩû㣬ʱ̫ˣɻ۵ģ˷ʱ䣬ֵá
Լֵá
ҾͿȥˣ
֪ʮͷţأֻЭðɣһҪҷϢȥ㡣
ҾͲˣ֮ġҪùȥָ˼Ҿ¿ɲá
ǱߴȥϿΰɡ
ᣬĻ
ԣȥϿΡҵ̬ǿӲֻùԹ
˵绰ɳϣ򿪵ӻһ֪ϲ磬ûԣȴ𴽽ǡ
漸ʱúܿ죬ÿ춼æµĹжȹ
ܿ죬͵һ죬˹Ŀ˶Գɹ⣬Ƿһ٣ĵظǽȤĿɹֵĳ
һ죬Һ˯ͣǿȵĹǵľȫեɡ
緹緹һȥһȽ˼ĵط
Ŀĵأزĵռһ롣
һҾƷ꣬ұһСճסˡ
С˴Ÿҵİô󣬴һīɫñӣ˫ֲڿڴһзⶼص㣬ͣ½Ųı飬䵭һУװǻ֮С
ҾرҶСôϲҲûʲôɫʲôر𣿡
ָ˵㲻ıܸЦ𣿡
С֮ϿöûпȻ
ĻƱ磬ϵĺȽ٣ֻѡȽϺʵĺࡣ
Ҷûϵ˽ʮӡ
ҸһڿӰʱ䡣
Ӱ㲥֪ͨÿͽա
һϷɻ˶˯ȥ
ֱ·ɻڹ㲥ﶯ˵Ů
Ҵһ·ɻͻؼҵģ͸˵ˡ
κΣĸ˾ôӦþһͣףһ£һ˵δļڣʣŮҲͬˡ
ұֻܸһȥԷ
õҸţԼҪ۲ͣԹϢҲŷԼֻҪûػˡ
Żеָ˼Ļһػˡ
ոտӰʱӦþͲʣˡ
˵㶫һԷҶû̫ߵ¡
ҲƣԹ֮󣬾ɢˡ
¥¥ĹսǴͿбҵš
ĳʹǰĻغˣʱҾ;ùֻС˹ںˡ
ƳҵӰ˳ﱧԹţôôð֮ǰû˵ҪԷ𣿡
תת첲ŤŤͷ
վʱһûͳԿף˹ˡ
ұڹ֮䡣
Ź⣬ҿϵı飬ܿ죬

ϢܼҲе³Ǳ¶˼̡
վǱȽǵģڼſڽǣⲻһǵΪţûƶǽƵġ
ߴ¥
Żˣîƿ.ĺ󣬸ûκ޹ص૵Сûĵġ
鵽¥վ˸ӰӿڴóԿ׿ţͶȥˡ
ƫͷ¥¥վһУʮһ㶵ؿ·𾪵ˡ
ƤװûһݣèЬ
С¥ӰʧڹҰС
Ь׼ţ¥ﴫԹԹһ۵Сûĵġ


 53 

غţǡôӲ
ָǵڶˣ
ʼ磬֪˭ҵôã˵㻹ף
˦Ǿˡ
Ҳøƽϣɳϣɡ
ˣ£ǡ˵˭أ
һָҲ붯㡣
Ҹ˵ǰʮգڱǰҪ˲١

ԣԺҪͽϹɡ
ҲͷҲӦ׸
һҵգʹת
æµؾЩڹѰףһ˫ÿĴµĺȦԣ촽Ҳûյĺڿ׳Ƶӳ£
١ɿ֣ƴСüŮ۵ġ
ģ˵ҡ
Ŷ̲ػ뵽ʲôָͷĵƹⱻס
ҴֻĻ̧ʣôˣ
¶ټɫ⣬ʵش𡣡
ҷֻׯôˣ
Ǹ˼Σ
Ǹʲô⡣
Ĭˣһ顣
˵˿ɲ˧Ŷ˵
㿴ڷйŮѹĸʷ
ŲŲҪԶҿǷˡңҲ̫С˰ɡǰûһͳԴףλãˡ
ָϻݾܾ˵Ųһ𰸣͹ȥ
ˣҲøƽϣתȦΰɡ
ɴ۾ﶼǲʣȻ׹ôΣҸҪ㼸Σסҵζߡ
ǸߡС
ұס
Դεģ⼸Թȣֱͣˡ
ԺУҾ׳һı˳µؽǲĿġ
ҸоȥһͣûҪͣ˼ܲˣȱϢǰࡣ˶֣ŷֲ֪ʲôʱԼ˫Ѿ˫磬ԭԼĵ׸ܸȣЩڴ
Ҳһˣɿ
Ҵڴڵһɫ糣Ĺ
˱ɳ˹ʣڼס˰ɡ
ҷ߷ߣͼסˡ
ұߵüë
ң򷭴׸׵ζôŨôܼǲס

ԸµظҶ˲ˮ紷
ҵȻˣ첲ͲӶᣬǺ͸ˡ
ұֻںٲȻ̸°ɷͻСϱ
һ󣬼˺ܶࡣ
ˢȦһѵˣһ˵ĺգģҼС̹ʽһ
ҲԾĵһ֡
ԴӼϴؿۡͻȻҲ֪ԼҵﵽôһϵĶûͣӣСǹС̹أһ䣺СǹҰһ㣬С̹˳һ㡣
ϴ˵С̹£ɲ֪ôΣܾòĸ𰸣˶ᰲַ֡ҲNɪĻᣬ˼ðΡ
Ȳչѡһô𣿡
ԥԥĳһ䡰
ϵĶͣˣǣ¶һݵЦݡŮ˿϶Ǳϻè
Ƶұߵķϣ˫ֱۣһ˫ֱĮؿǰĵӻһʡ
תһλˣټӴ
ζ¸ոԼ˵֣ԼҲùֵֹģгˣ
ҴɳߵشЬҵԼ䣬ŵҵϴھƷСˣ󣬵ǰó
Ҹģôÿ𣿡
£ۣģţգ͸ñСˣ
ڣĸͣҾⶥɫѼñܴһװ簡ƦƦġ
ǿĲЦ
ָĮСԼĸ߼㿴⸱㣿

Ҿǿ㣬Ҳ͸ġһڴؿ
Цãʺϴñ
ñֻǵ׺ص㣬صװǻƵģ
Ĵָװǻ𣿶ô󣬸ȫϱߡ
ңżҲѵԼû֪
ȻһǷ̬
ˣɵض㿪
ǲϲԼš
ңͳȥĶջĵѾ͸ˣҪȥⲻǸɣ
˵⻰⿿ҵЦü⡣
ָͷƿŽ˷㲻˵ǻǱǿԼĳˡ
Ů͵ģٳҲҪ¡

ҼҴʮ룬ͱŽʱ쵽Ϊɸߡ
ߵʱǸΪ
¥С⣬
ı忴忴СЦôģǲСÿǸŮ͸ġ
Цŵͷٵǰ൱ǲǺܺÿ
忴ֺǺǵģЦŵͷͬʱϲڱ˹顣
һصᣬļѾͲ˽ܺãǸЦݡ
Դ׷Ů˸ı˺ܶ࣬ǰڴʱϸˣһ·ʹڶʼвУŵϴװţǸ̶һ֪˻ΪҪȥμ˭Ļ񵱰ء
Ψһһλж⣬ʲôͻŮ⡣
ѧӣǶ۾
һС˻˷һ
лߵǰʳָ׼һ¡
պ·Ϳлڵ־ҪСˣٵغһ䣺𶯡
ƿлڣôҶ˵Ķ
л뷭ۣƽʱôĶ㶼ûӦξһ£Ӧô𣿡
ڣ𶯡·ԡңҺú󣬲ģֳָ𶯡
лڣñӣԢҲ̫ðɡ
㶮ʲôñֻǵ׺ĵ˶ÿ˧

һΣ޺ϷŵΨһСƷã
ͷµôҶ͸ĶûûСɺͳ
޺ӣ

 54 

ҼϢ죬ȻʱʱйɧţڲĩܴʱȽ϶̣Ҵʱ䶼ԼԼ飬ʵʱ䶼˯
Ϣ󣬻صϰӡ
ôһĹȥѾȫϰ˹ĴڣеʱԼյģȱһƵġ
ܿ죬ӭѧԺһĩһѧһοԡ
ȻԽڷȽϸȤ˶һ˷ڣʱڣͻῪʼ룬ѧϰˣڹֶѧϰûкܴµ˵һѧڽ̤ʵصѧϰѾˡ
ٵܣʼɢܣǿҪѧϰϿαԻںúøϰʵϣûҳֽͿʼ⣬ȥˣҪȥ
Ա󣬹۾ֿʼƮˡ
ů˼
ҴŶһԿӾ磬ŮǶԾϷݣ񾭴ڸ߷״̬
һǽڷָӳסǵĿ
ҲͷƿƤû̧ӳССֻĻ֣ܵúѧϰȥ
ǰְ棬ѧϰûн𣿡
ڳһֻͣڲŵ߳ľ磬ǰһţΪԼѧϰҪʲô£ҪҲĳɼΪĽ
΢΢ͷҡͷϿҵΪѧϰ
صĶͷû֣ǽץֻüʾ
ʲôΪҶѧϰһο˰ѲĽ˵ôס
ǹ⣬һ°ɣȻҾͻúѧϰˣ
ص㡣
Сֱ˵ؾܾô¶˲żﴫӾıֱ֣ӼӴǹ
Ǳһ˼Ҹûء
ȡһߵĶɮģʽ
ʲôҪŮѶУ˶ʮ꣬òи󣬲ײñôôడ˵ŵʱ򣬻ҡ
ȫû˼˼һ¡жʮأҲʮꡣ
һ£ʮʮ졣

ҴһҪٲúѧϰ͸һؼ
˭֪仰˷ˣҼûȥ𣿡
뵽һĶ߷š
̫ˣ22꣬Ҿ׸ǼңȹˣҲܱˡ
ôչеƫˣ
ڸ̣ҶôǮˣһĶǮ
ϹҽеͶ
ڵϣɳϣ϶ʳָ򥣬̧𣬸һǣ뿪
ˣȥϰ
סˣûӦ뿪ˣź֪촽ͷ͵Ц
صλϣںúÿ飬ֻżðոҵΪûӦӵ
´ö۾ֻĻȻһ仰ܽԺԸ񻥲˸׳þá
Դ飬Ƚ䵭ȴĹ񶼱Ȥĵ΢磬ƽҲɢȡ
֮ļ죬֣вҪٷͲ׼ˣֻѧУͼݸϰ
ôҰҲΣҵһ˵һǿӲͷţƵġ
ʣµʱ䣬ȫͶѧϰУĩҲȡñȽϺõĳɼƽʱϿκȱϯ϶ᰴʱ㵽ʦҲܻشƽʱɼҲܺãùû뵽ϴδװȥҹ˾ͻỻ·ȥϿΣǸشʦƽʱɼ֡ɼڰ༶ŵǰʮ
ĩ꣬趼ѾԼ˾׼ȥ
˵׼
ΪܾˣҪʵϰ
˽ԼĶӣóԺúȲѧУ϶ΪҪʵϰ۾Щǹ.ƨ϶űԭ
ϸһʣǣΪԼŮѻǱߣȻҲؼҡ
ûи轻ܶ࣬ϸڶû˵ֻǼ򵥵˵ҵ״һѾҵϰ壬Ϊ˺ܺãϡ
費ԣֶ֧νȻڳʱ䲻ڼңμڻ趼˹ϵĸı䣬ʾ͸ǰԶˣǵɵӡ꣬˶һûڻԶԾһſ׼ʱ׼ȥ
軹пҵˡ
֤ȯҵһݼ򵥵ʵϰֻǴӣûкܴ֮أȴҲܽӴһѶϢտʼȥٻ᲻Ӧϰ˷ſֵӣͻȻҪؽĥ£ܵҪһڣ˾żҪ
޺Ӽûʵϰʦʦһμ˱Ƚϴ͵ıٶѧУпյʱ˻һԸĻ졣
ֻ޺ʱܲ˹ÿԳơ
°˾ֱйüΣһñȽèſڵ
տʼһûʲôоŴˣҾùЩĲ̣һԿס
죬ҼӰñȽصңûͳԿףžʹˡ
һϲվڼ￴ߵͷĴ
ҽЬӹİһˮ
Աߴ֡
ԹɳϿӣʱʱĻ죬̸̸
ʱԽԽ࣬һˣѾϷޡ
ʱȽˣȻߡ
ûޣԼ˶ܼ٣ճ٣ӷó٤棬ֻ͸Ƶ˶
ӻԱĶԻֻ˶Ĳһ
ԾعصӻֻʣתʵŮ
һһ˶
һգգؿ˶
ʮӹȥףվڿϸϸıӶ˳»䣬õͷ˿Ҳɢкüڷҵ쾱
һȵ߽Ҫˡ
߹ȥķʲô
ҵϸŮѺݣһ˴Ρ
Щ˵ﻰСӣôãӦú.ٰɣ
һ㶣⹷˵ʲôװĶЩʲô
ƿԼϵ֣ÿ춼ʲô
룬һŮе㱩˶
һƿðȺôоˣպģֹ֣ߵ˱ˮȡ
ˮˬ˲٣Ҳ侲˲١
ˮŮЦÿҶˮ㶣ĹˣʲôҽȷʵϲԴϲڣȥƽϡ
ͷһʣ׿
ԡë
ԡſһźӰ
𣿡ʡ
̵ؽԡұͲһһװ˼ĴٽԵӵ
ҿžվԼ§°͸ļϣ뾵ӡ
˺һɵɵЦ˳
ڳŵֻ־׼סЦʲô
ģвŮòһԡעҡ
ҵֶסˣջתͷȥԼĶͷײͷѧģɧ
ҧһһ㱡Ĳӣʦͨ
˻Ҳࡣ
ۣͷҵĲû

 55 

ת棬ôˣ𣿡
ģе㡣
ϽȥϢ˯
ȥϴ裬΢ţЩϢ컹Ҫϰࡣ
µʵϰǲ౻ĥƽ
ʼΪʲôǸʱôߣŬĳɹӣ̫ˡδµʱȥᵽʹĹ̡
ᶨҵԺҪҵľġ
ѧѧУӭµһսĵѧӡ
ѧ죬ѧУſڱ˺ͳΧˮйͨУſźɫĴֺĴָ·ƣڲͬĹ̶λãһʦʦ㴩ɫ־Ը·Ҳѧͼҳָ·
ѧ󣬱Ϊʮľѵ
ÿҹʱһѧ¥˶쳹ľ裬ĸȵĿһ޼ʵҹչ˸ǹӦǡ
ҸȦϢңԵĹڣظߡҲȥ飬˵λ÷ˡ
òпһ䣬ʱҴŶãҵѾڹˣ뵱ԴһֱǴ̫졣
ŲԶľ̻ŤŸ첲ǰžѵװŮͷȫԺ󣬴ñӣЦ졣
û˵һûѵʱء
Ǹʱ̸ȥˣң
ô£
ҲܰװĪָأй̸Ǹʱ򣬶˺ðɡ
ǰ״һյ·ƣůɫĵƹһƬ򣬼ʹǱůɫΧһǸܵɢ
Ŷ
򵥵֣Ԣȴ򵥡
ߵƬԱȽϾ׵ǰӰһһ߹
ӰŨܿˡ
ȻߵԱߵСͤ
Сͤںϣһ붼ˮϣΧϿԿζ㣬ϧҹֻк׵һƬ
ߵ·ñȽԶͤΧôڵסпܵĹԴ
һãȻʣڶ˭𣿡
̽ԴȥҲ˳ȥȫֻܿӰҲ²ǲοʦֲϲʦ
ͤߵʯ£ظΧϣ̫ˣҿûʶ
ңʶƨ
㲻е͵𣿡
ҿͨıжϣֻܿڵ΢̺Ц⣬ڿ϶͵Ц
£ľܴ¿ݡ
в𣿡
ǣҵĸҵ£Ƿವ˵𣿡
Ҳڴʲô⣬Դҹɫģ𣿡

˭Ҳû˵ͤºζ
ĵظϵĴУһˣӲ֮࣬ԣеġ𡱣ˡ
ˣˡҾ񲻹г⣬ָ˵һ䣺ðŶ
ӦõģɣҲշѡǸʲô󱦱Ƶġ

ҵ·谭ظϣ
úϧר˻һܿüء
ջ֣á
ոյɵΪǴҹȻĸ
ǣҸոɵˣǽ֡
Ц뵽˼ĸָӡ
ǻ𶯣֫Ҷֻҵֻ֣󣬡Ӷڲ֡
һֻҿɲǾӡ
ֻǣסġҲԣǾӵŮѡ
*
£ҹϱȽæԼڽרҵһѧڵļſγûϣѧڵĿγ̶ȱҪ࣬ȥҵĴҲ֮ǰ١
ʮһˡ
óһʱûлؼң͸˾Լʱ䣬1һȥ
Ϊ˱˾ˣڹѧУš
˾ûȶãͺƽʱһؼҵˣƣֱ߹
޺ϰԵҪţڳϣŸʻ̧̧°ͣʻ
ʻĳţȥ޺ӻû㶮ΪʲôҪʻֱϵȫʱһߵĺŽһн͵ͨˡ
˾Щ⣬һλƯŮԼҵүһںߡѹеɻ󣬳ʻг
ߣȻϸҪĳ˿ҲϵȫԼȻǣھ͸ϵϡҲȫҿм䣬˵Ǳ߰ûô
žડһϵðȫɢؿαϣһûô䡣
ң
˾һ͸Ӿ۹˾䣺ҵһյ¶ȡ
ãͦõġ
˾ûκα飬ģҲ˵Ҳʡ
޺һؿǰû
һϳͿʼ˻ֻƤأֻαϢ
ûãʧȥʶ
һһεԴƵԼļϣĻʵ˯һ㣬ԼĴȡ
˾ʱ̹עź󷽣һۿ𾪵ˡ
ڹҹ˽ʮ꣬һĴү˵ųģô꣬ضԴһŮӣüò
ʱڣȥʱһŮӣҲ㻹ԣССģ׷üΣүƤû̧
дΣŮҲһУſڳһȻϳ˾׼ʱͣΪķ֣ǸƯŮͬѧ˳糵˭ֻ֪ǴԼϴ·ؼҡ
˯ԺЩᣬŤ
һ۾Ϳųӵĳһֱ쵽Զ
ˣʡ
۾š
Ҫһʱ䣬Ҫ˯᣿
ҡͷǲҪˣ˾˯ˡ
֪һƿȪˮšƿǣݸһڣ
Ҹ˯ѣӷӦڸɸɵģӹͺˡ
ڸٵ·ϵĳǰ궼Ҫ࣬˺һʱŻصҡ
˾ǻؼҡ
Ҽſڣ·һСǣߣ޺Ӵ򿪼ţߵûиɻתͷȥһ۶˹ֵô꣬ҪⶼĻҲΪֵˡ
޺ӿŽȥš
ҿϵңôˣ
ڻڳϣһڼʵĵذϣ˾³
ұǣߵſڣ˵ҹ㡣
Īڲǻ𣿽ҪԼ᣿
ȥⲻǲż𣿡
̾һεر˱ۣŮӣôԼնǵã
ôһѣҲա
Ŷգȥˣڸ˵տ־ˣеûľͱˡ
Ů˻ʵ
ͷ˾߶ϣ˾Ͻرۣܿһԡ
аɣҾͽ㡣
ң
Դתȥ

 56 

ʮһգգϣ϶˼ˣͷḻЩ
ϣϣٶһۣɿҵģֹ
ҼвʱܲԾ裬ôˣ˲óֲˣ
ϣæҡͷӣʵǣڹ˾ûбȽõͬ£
⻰һڣҾȻģڹˡ
뵽ճɵԾƮ޺ϣ޺ԼʣʶȥңϣŲ
ϣܵĻ϶޺֪ʿ
ôˣǲпദĶ󣿡
Ҳ˵ѣһʵйţǡ
ޱ飬ԹԵسԷһҲԼŮ֮£ϸߡ
ϣ۾һͦõģпմơ
ҵͷҧſӣɵ裬ʵҲ
޺ûüëһڷ
Ҽ˭
죬޺ӵĸѣȥ·Ǽҡ
ʱϾÿ£׽һʧ
̧ͷ͵衣
ϣ費ظˣڿ21ͣʱôսľģֲһ䣬費ԧġ
˿һ٣˵ôܵܵѶŹˣĻˮƽߣ˼ȴǱţ˺һʱء
Թûã͸Ҵ绰
Ҽ򵥵ظĸ֮¥
ߵҴƵĹѣСﳯҡβ͡
Ҷ˸ݰݵĶȥš
ĳͣ·¡
ڼʻλϣʻĳȫһֳڳϣһֲֻ֪ʲôڿţǳ촽𣬿ú߽Ҳδ
ͻȻڿʲô
һճȭĶˡ
ôûûϢġ
̧°ȥֻ֣ǲʲôˣ
ֲڴ򿪳³ûʲôϳȥ硣
ǣߵʻ򿪳ţȥϵðȫ
ҿϽ̬۽ޣĳƣܿϸСëס
ƽֱĴûкܶ೵
һ·ͨ裬ֻǵĸʼЩ¡
ҵͣλͣó
ʮһƽܣ̳ͷܶͬԱߵĹ㳡Ҳǡ
Һ͹δ߽Ĺ԰Ͼ԰ĺɫŹ⣬ԼȺ
һ԰ͱϲķΧȾ
ÿһӴ˿ʢģֻС۴ϸ֦ĵǿù԰ϵĴССŸɫСݣԶԶȥǷ
˻ɫש·໥ˣḸĸ꺢ӣٯٯ໥˵¡
ߵ㳡ģһƬյأмŴ͵ġȹ족ĸֵģߣźɫĹâǺɫֺ졣ܱúܶ컨ΧһȦ
һЩŶӣǰա
ҿǰڰƵ£ʣ߾ǿЩ
߽˽˳ļһֻóֻ˿šٵȵȡ
һ뿪һ£ɨһȦĿҺ͹ϣк߹ܲܰƬ
ԡҽӹֻк߻Ůӵߣڳǵƣ˶¶ĵЦݡ
ƿְŵ֣ŲŲҺýǶȣþͷкŮڡȡ͡м䣬˺üΡ
󹦸ɺ˸OKƣкŮ߹ûֻƬл
ĵֵԶ۵ġ
һۣ񾭲ַˣû
ûмûȤóֻʱ䣬ʣôڿʱ䣿»ʲô𣿡
ţȻ֪ˡ
ӹȥҷֹ㳡ߵԽԽˣյ˼ͣڵȴʲô֡
ȻԶĿг֡ء
̧ͷȥ̻
һƬȻп̻
վҵ󣬸һͣÿ𣿡
ҵͷǶڵҹգ̻ԴΪӳĵøĿˡ
ʮ̻֮󣬿ָֻƽ
ŵĲӻδ͸ܵһǵм䣬ȥͷ뿴ȴָֻܿܣһƻ
һ߰һ˵տ֣ҵŮ
ãɿ֣һ¾ͱ䳤ˣǿԲԲġƻҸģԶĵƹ⣬ϸϸ꣬ƻǿŵɫӡ
ӣллܺÿ
⸱ֵӣҲáϲͺá
ǣ֣ÿһգҶ
Ҹʮָۣšഥů֪̻𣿡
šÿڵһ죬ﶼ𡣡
ڹ԰ɢ
ÿЦݵ·ˣ԰˶Ϊ
ţ
ͬҶЦԣԼǶ¶Цݣ˵Цǿӣտְ
ұЦˡ
һ֮ϲŭֶ׾١ǰΪƽˮ͸ҵ޼һ׵ĳֻҪѭ򽥽ɡɵ󣬺ͷòһ˿Ӱ
ĸж;ϲǵһ꣬ƶֵ硣
һǿҵϮڻڹ԰
ͣ½Ųͷ
żģֵΪֹǫ̃ʣȫһһֵطԺ
ôˣ
Һʧ̬ܴʱ̣ҲѹԼӵסϣӦϴˣ϶ԡ¶һ˿һƵҵ
һ㶣漴Цˣһһģػر
˭Ҳû˵
ԱߵĴɫСݣһһģɫɫɫ΢СĹâӳϡ
·˶̲סͷ·мӵĿŮ
һȥѾʮһˡ
ҽһ븱ʻĳ·һŵ˰ɫСݣҹܿҶӳ̹⡣
ҲžԼ˲١
ոʵ̫ˣ֮ͥľٶ
ԽԽգһڲոոң
ỵ̂ʲôȨΪѣôֹԼŮʹȨء֪Ƥ붺ҾͦõģҵϣûһֻֻĽÿˮˡ
ԣҵ糺ˣȫ÷紵ɢЩ
㡭ûĺƤ
ƵؿƵû£ǶûıƤֻƼҵĺƤ
ұͷ⡣
ٲ죬ɷЩͣķ˿ҡ
𳵴ҹˡ
Ŷһû

 57 

˺һʱŵߡ
Ҿη̵ʱôȸոȥʱ仹ˣ·ϳˡ
ûңͣһƬյϣΧһƬ˵֣Ƭһյ·ƶûУֻʣ³ǰĵͶǰ
ûסլֻһЩũԼ㽶
ʻͼʻλĳգֻϸСһܽС
ص˳ǰƣҰһӰֻʣ¼ʻϷĵ
֪ôģҾȻ뵽֮ǰĿֲƬ̬ѽŮѴɽҰ룬Ȼڷʬ
ǲһתͷȥ
۾û۽һźӰ͹ˡ
ױݺݵذס촽ס
̫ˣ˵ûУ۾Ҳ幨ֻͨжϳһ㶼ûԼ
˺þá
ҾԼ춼Լģûͣ
촭ˣɿż֣˵ĴϢһ顣
ӣָˡ
̲סпһ䣺˵ķλǿ
󣬻ֻ
뿪صԼļʻλţӿڴóֻ
ֻĹӳϣ￴˲ͷͱϵ
ӹ绰䵭ι
ܱտռ̫ڰ绰ͷ޺ӵġ
ôûӻѾʮˡ޺˵
¼ʻλĳȥոܱյĳ޺ӵСЩ
һۣ㼱ʲôֲ
޺ӣǲҰ󣬻ֱ½
֪ҴЩš
ǡ֪ѣԸϽģʮǰ
˵绰
Цˣֻڳǰ̷档
㶼˵ˣ
Ҳ֪˵ôͻȻͱˣˣҾ˵ˡ
費ҪŰݷã
Űݷʲô
ĳܺãתȫڻ¡
ȻǼδĸ
δҲ̫֮˰ɣֲһ޸㡣
϶޸ҵģ
ĻƶĻ޸Լˡ
ҵļſڡ
ҽ⿪ȫҪ³ס֡
ôˣ
óֻ˿ʱ䣬ޱȣʮһʮ߷֣ǻӵʱȡ
ĳ嶯ողŽȣڻ
¶һƭԵ΢Ц˵ȱ۾
ԻˣԹԵرۡ
һƣ򿪳žˡ
˲ѹǰŮˣֳһЦ
һصĵƻţ޺Ӻ͸ĸķŶš
ŵؽԡңˢϴ衣
һжŪú󣬹˿ĵƣ䡣
ڴϣŲ϶컨壬Цš
죬ڵʱŰݷˡ
һƷ
ҳԷ
ȻѾˣεرһ޺ӶǰЩͬˣԶԴ̬
³ʱ֪ʲôԷʱо˶ˣǶԴһӡ
緹Źȥߡ
ôĹˣʡ
üӺɷ˵ڵĻôִܲأǶ㡣
ôණ𣿡
ӭסҼҶİ̡
̵֮Ѳʮָ۵ϣζ
ؽһ̺á
̵ͷ
Ҳһ
ȻЩֲܿ죬΢Цسͷ
ңһִϹʶھӵĸо
߿󣬹ŻؿڵҰ˵Щ
֪Ҽң
԰Щﻹ׼ġҸϽؼҡ

*
ڹڽӽβʱҳȥ棬ʵǸһıóȥ档
ôŷɫȹųβһЦǵľԡ
һңþ֣´ңӽ㣿
һԺβ˵㣬ʲô㣿ɩӡ
Լĺף㵽󣬳ôһȢӽأ˵ʲôλ
ҿûЦЦ
һģã˵Ǳ̫ˣҡ
⻰һڣõɫϱˣɵؿһۣ૵ǰɣ۾ҵĶӡ
һҵǺˡ
棬ż꣬Ӷʲô
ʻĳҽȥ
ԼڳǰƵʻλ
Һ棬Ÿʻӣ˭˵ҲŻ
棬
ٿЩ߰飬࿴α
óӽ㣬㿴
ңҾ˵ͦԵġ

ӰԺ̳ĵͣҵλͣúȥǡ
ӰǱġ
ҿϲתļӰС
΢΢뿴ʲô
ʳָ촽ڵӲͣתβ΢΢𣬹龫ֵģ˻˼
ýؿңǿǸֲİɣҸЩ
ң
ѾƱˣҲûʲô͵ģͰ׻ϡ
ŵӰƱڱԱ˺СƱ
ԱŵĶƬЦô˻Щ
תͷЦõóֽƻ
ȵӰʼӳʱĿһ£ǰ㣬ңԱ˵С̣Ȼ
öͷ
߿ĸ첲ӣҪҡ
ң
Ӱʼӳ
һǵĳêˣҵһһƾɷӡ
أ鿪ʼˡ
Ҹܵ˹ĺ£¡
кüȽɭɲľͷŤͷҵļϡ
һߵıһ߳Ա׻һ͵Ц

Ӱ󣬱ûٱѵһ١
Թ緹ȥ԰һ硣
ϣһؼңڱڳûôᡣ
죬ҹûḻ
ڽصϵ
һʱûһӵסҡ
ǲˣƿң´һͿص㡣
ָϴŵܵ͸ģ
ͷš
ҿʡ
ַڲӺ׼ȡ
֣𣬲ô鷳Ҿϸϸضꡣ
أһһ
ô𣿡ʡ
ɿ֣۾ȥЦޡ
ҡͷ˵û뵽ܵϸ緢ȻôССԼĸд
ҵɴ˫ۣſûϣֲظϲӵӣǰɣ
ԼϣŵĻԼԻȥ
ЩȻػصλţ˵ԡ
ǿߣ̫ܵˣ뽫ԼһӶϣ
૵ػӦ
붬֮ʣԽԽ
ٽ°࣬칫˶ʰˣ͵Ŵ򿨻ؼҡ
ڣͿʼڣû㣬ҹĻ٣޺ϣĺ͸͸
һ㣬칫˼뿪ˣΪĸˣҲ°ࡣ
һʣһû꣬Ӳ˻
һڰ칫ҵĻơ
ûȥעֻǸоƵ칫ңȲſֹأֿ

 58 

ûãˣ˵ʰ
ˣվűߣЩʣôˣû°ɣ
Ŷӣѿ˵ĻҲ˿һͶƵģУӦȥˡ
ǵĻʰԼĶС졣
˹סҡ
ȻûʲôҪɣ
ҿ˹ȥһַŰ칫һŶӣɫѰףüͷţܲ
ûôˣ
Ҳ²᲻ȥҽԺ
ƻһ·ȥͻ
һֱǸ߻ûнӴͻҪôͻĻ϶ٲ˽ʣǾҪȾƣеġ
¶ɫҧҧ촽ɵܣӦò̫С
ҲǱѡе˶ˣҪǴ绰ǻ·Ҳᵢ飬ûжʱˣҪ̳ңչʾpptʱôķڷԿͻӦҲ¡
̬ЩǿӲңڲˣƢʱ֪йڣǹϵ⣬ȽЩһߣҪˡ
һƣЭðɡ
ҸŮ·
˵ûкܴĲ죬·ҲȽϺ
ʼûнһ仰֮ͬĶԻǶûС
Ȼǿȥ
һѾһɫװȹΪȽ䣬ףֻû˿࣬Сȶ¶쬵ġ
һ״򳵵ĵطơ
ʻг
ںûһŹ΢š
ϢԼȥʱ
ʮӽʮӺĳͣһҲ͹⣬Ϩ˳
Ű³һᡣ
Ҫͻ棬ҽڳûд
һ³ͱɪɪȶǶġ
ڰů
ûãͽˣǸһ͵ģ룬װģֻǴ󸹱ӺһҾɫеض޳ȿҾЩθ
ұûбֳŬڳְҵ΢Ц֡
һʮ꣬ͷϡٵˣЦһƤҪˡ
ŬŬ죬µ𣿿ɰ
ҵͷܿߣ¡
ЦЦ͵ǣеģֻǽҪһͬ岻ҿҪݣûĳء
һһ˵ͷӦõġֻôƺλŮ
ҡ
ոǸкЦˣЦң֡
һ٣ʼϲˡ
ķϣôûоأ
Աÿ˶һơ
кһ߹¡С㣬Ҿһ
ҲɫŲŲ־룬òԶܣô㾴أӦҾ㡣
ұ˺üƣ־ʼƮ
ֻ˵˾ͳҲ˶Ӱˡ
šˮͷˮ̼Ƥմʪ˫գˮʹİ۵ԴЩ
ҿϴ̨գգֻۣмͨδ磬ز˹ȥ
ֻһϱ˽ˡ
Щ
ôӵ绰
üģ˵ڵĻģҲûҸ𣿡
Ⱦˡ
ǿ϶䣬ʾ䡣
ûš
ģ
ոս߳ߣ߱
һûӭײһŮˣæǸ
Ů˵͵һ䡣
ҵŮߺ󣬿ǽߣֻ
ּûУ
ţ˵ʲô
氲һ˲Һһ˵㲻Ҫ߶ҹȥ
ҹִȣаһҪͻԷҲǴһ𡣡
ԹԵı𶯣ԾͲҪȥҽؼҡ
ĻҰĵȻƾڷͣʶԽԽģûһ˿ºͲʹҪԵķ˿ͻ̬ǿӲ˾ƽͬһ̲ˮ
ҿǽ»ϣԽԽأȻش£ֻŷڵϣ绰ͷһֱϵش
ֻ˯
·ķԱһŮˣæߵߣС㣬ѣҪ˯ˣҴȥ
ƿ˵֣Ծɱۣ˵Ļȫԣ㲻ҪңҾ⣬ѵ¾ҡ
ԱĵڵҪȷȥϢţ
ƫͷ£㲻Ҫң⣬Ҫ߶
Ա
ʱԱע⵽һֻ̨ͲΪûпţԲԱ˵Ǹֻڶߡ
˵ܿ죬Һܴ
ԱãλС𣿡
˾˵˾䡰ٿ㡱ȻѣôˣܲܰҰһڵϣһ͵
ԱӦá
˵绰󣬷ԱﻹţҪңˡ
ʮӣ͹ݣڷԱĴҵƵҡ
˿̵ģˣðɣȭͷս
ŵװɫװֻһɫĳŰȹȾô¶ô䣬ô٣ⲻǷ
ųĲ߹ȥԼףϡ
׶˵ܳţȵλãȹֻ¶ɫıԵ
ߣ·Աʱ˵˾䡰лл
ոĳ⳵ûߣ·ϵŽطŽȥԼٸŽȥ
ڴ۾ͻῴһżɫŭ
*
ڰ˰ӣһûҪļ󣬴ȥȥŮſڣûֻȥһλŮԱûһλͷģúÿְҵװŮˡ
ŮԱҡҡͷ˵һ˶ûС
Һֻ׼绰ԱոյǶ¡ոиŮˣѴȥˡ
ȷԱеŮǲǾңǴ绰ȷһ¡˺üû˽ӣʱڽˡ
ֻңһ˵
ͷһ
û״һ±Ƶذ
˵绰ŴǸ˿е֪ҲȾƣûʲôҪƤ
*
ҿ¥ûĮ
ȫ³һֻ̨ʲôҲûУڹҵԿףȻֻȥˡ
ţҰúڴϣڴǰЬ
Ҳ˶һ߹ȥ
⧲رһţ󵹣һƨڵϣһվӸµؿſ˯Ůˣһֱֻűӣͷİȹһšһƨϣݺţ㲻ȴû
ҾԼ˯˺þãԴһʹ˸
ԣ
۶ôԼڴϣ͵ۡ
Ϥİ裬ͷϵ̨ҵģ¹ϤĻû侲ãһʴԣ˭ģ
ͷԼĴţһ
̫ѨתȥһĴߡ
¹ŨıӰһĽ⣬į
˻عͷסڿſһǷˣòʲôֵˡ
ֻǹɫʮѿ¹⣬ҿԹԹޣ׵ڰҹɫš
ӻһţôҲ䲻𵽵׷ʲôðһ亹ùˣˡ
ƺе㼬֡

 59 

ҰٸнűŲֱŴͷǺǵЦ
û˵Ǹ顣
˾ƵʮֵزеƮе㲻״
ĳ澹Ȼ뵽ºӲϹǿ˹ȻԼ˯һԹ¼ֺҹ
ʲô߰ġ
ִ˴Լ˼Դ
¡
ڹ£Ҵ˵ʲôһա
֧Ǹô⣿ҲӦڣڡ
ҿ촽ǵ֣۾΢΢˵ʲôҪ
¹ıӵһ
䰲úʱӵĵδδ
νĹǳȥȾƣ
ȻףˣҾò˵ȽϿֲ
ҷԴյǳȥȾƣһͬͻȻˣȻ˾ȥȥ̫
ѵһˣһϴίĿ˵
ɹͣվҼǵⲻĹΧɣȻıְԾܾԼľ㻹𣿾Ӧꡣ
Ҵ䣬·ͻȻҷľû´ΡָϿҵؿ
²Ϊ
һ˫ֱأ¡
ŵϴż䵭㣬ԡ¶ζζȻ΢Ǳ׽ˣԱԼϵľζԵô
źǿѹȸпһ˿һ˲ŵĽ
֪֪ܡ
Իؿ촽΢תĴôҲ벻ԼƵʲôֻǵԼȥһ䣬ϴ˰Ȼ˸绰ͲǵˡľܲһֱľƷãᳳ֡
ʾ֭²Լʲô¡
ɵؿڣңô𣿡С΢ؿ
һߵ촽һߵüëֿᣬе㻵ġ
źҪҡ
ʲʲôҾˣô޴
˵㣬㲻֪üԱûޡȥʱһӺҵ֡˵Ϸʵζ
Һɵض˼ʵԡ
ûƷܺõģ
գۼ䣬ǰȻܽһ棬ڵϣԱ˵Ҫ
ߡˣȻƭ
һЦһѣҧгݣƭң
һ㱻ץζûУһ磬ѾңſӸո׵ʱͱʱ¶ÿǣҧһڡ
࣬סҵ֣鲻׼һΡ
ҵ˫ֱģ־ܴãš
ԣͷ֣üĿ飬ոȫһ˵˽ҲãҾǲñ˿ɰ㡣
ļ¡
ϴѾҹ3ˣɳϣûֻҲûпӣŴ⿴
߹ȥô˯
̾˿ۣҶɳ˯ٴˣĳפαˡ
ȷʵмˡ
ó֮ǰõıͷ뵽䣬Ӧòһë̺̺á
ڸڵɳ̽ͷķ䣬˵Ҳ֪ʲôʱ˯Ĵȥ
űֽסˣ
ȵ䣬طţƮһ䣺²
ڴϣ˯ɳ
ڶ𴲣Ҵ򿪷ţ˯ֳɳҲίˡŵ߹ȥҴñӡ
ԡϴ緹뵽Ϲûпγ̵ģҲûԼ͡
ٳţ뵽İȻûдҷЬϵԿҲġ
Ҵ˸ֻͳš
ȥ˾һ¾ȥ
İ칫ſţ洫һ
ҽȥţͷܣǸҺȵ̫ˡ
֪ûϵ֪֪ؼˡ
̾һ죬еżˣ֪ô룬˵ĻҲеˡ
״ô𣿡
㲻֪Ҵĵ绰һ١

еΣǺǡ
Ҵû˰صλϣ˸΢ţǲǽĵ绰˳緹һȾͿԳˡûϻأӦǻ˯
£ҾͿˣһߵߡ
·
ҽӹ·ϴɾٻɣŪеࡣ
ޱ飺㡣
һ±Ƶߺ
Ҵ˽һֻǽӺһʡˡ
ȥ
һϢܼ򵥵ļ֡
͸˵䡣
Ҳ̫ţֻͨ¼һ۾Ϳˣְӡ
˵仰Ҫô𣿣
ٽأұøæµˣʼսԼĩĴڱȽ磬һµ׾ǳϦԿܾͶԪ
ԣԵɺ֮£żʦʦһμʡĽڱ
ԿĩûϻؼңѧУһѧ
ȫңǰҵд˽Ȼμӱǿͱ
ĸ绰ʱΪԼĶǲǳʲô⣬ѯʣȻġ
һڣѧУ󲿷ʱ䶼Ͳμӱͬһ֣̽һס
һβμӱôϣкһĽҪһ㣬Ҫ̫ѿɲҶʧ
߾ȫضԴ
⣬ȫ£մ绰ʦѯʡźüû˯þȥңҿ⸱ƣҲˣȲҪϣʱ˷ϡ
ֻЦŶ˵һʱ䶼˷ѡ
ʱһڣŶӽ˳壬ھ͵ѧڵĵǷյ֪ͨ
һһڲܷż٣ùȻؼңõ
һصңĴüƵ
һ˶Ʋ˵ƣ֪ͺˡ
Թ˵ԹһԷ
ôԣ
ãҹԷӣ¹͵ڸð˴𣿷ϵĻһΧԲģ

 60 

ҵļںܿ͹ȥҪȥϰࡣ
ı˵ҪңֻóһûȥϽС˾
һҾͳϴεķӦȫһ°͸ҵĸ첲ŴŴ˵ɩӣʲôʱȢҸؼҰ
ƺҾҪǲǹʲôô֮ǰһμôҲϸĿڣһɩӣʲôʱȢ磬˲ٵĺô
Ķͷʲôôˣ
һ۾ͱգ۾ɿҵĸ첲ҲûУ۸ңϽ˹ܹ
ڳߣǵĶԻʱڣС
ûиƽʱһԼûУˡ

ڹ԰˹䣬ΪǴڣ԰װʮֵȫһɫϲ죬϶˺üյɫ
´⼸дں׵ĺϣ԰а˸ֻ
´ϢʮŨ
԰ȻװúãҲ࣬ûȦþܲˣ¾ͶˣҪԷ
ΪӦõĶֿζѡһָͣĲʽС
ķεģ˸ռһߡ
緹ʱ䣬ȴûкܶˡȻʽӦоУÿֶζǼ۸˵Ƚϸߣ˲ࡣ
ԵĿֿģԱŶӵȡ
ģĴԶһֻϺպ˽õδɩӵߣδɩҪӹ粻ãҪֳԣδɩӦֲſҧס
öſصλãָϺ磬Ϻ
Ϻ˵ǰȻԹԵغ
ò⣬磬Ұ¡
䵭ɨһۣѵû𣿡
ɫкüֻϺͷȫűȥܾ⼸ֻϺڳЦȻӵôһѪ飬ɫõı硣
ҾؿǻذһֻϺպպ쳤ֵݹȥıãֳɵġ
ıϱˣЦؽӹҸõϺңллӽ㡣
Ա˵ɩӡ
תͷҵҲϺ
ң
ãѵû𣿡
ڼ˸ͿøڳԱ衣
£ͷˡ
ģʲôģ
ίͰͣ͵һңûУԣҳԲŸһԵġ
Ժ󲻿ˡ
һ䣺ݣ˫깷
һȥòңһƬ
һؼҺ󣬹ųɫ糣ؿǰ·Ƭҡ
һ˵ζûУܲˣѹһ죬ԹѾѻˣҲҪ
ûϻӦشỵ̂ƵҪǲҰɫ鼮õǰ͹ԹԽ
һʲôɫ鼮ǺÿС˵㶮ƨ
ܴѹȴմүҪҡɩӡаѱڴүϣѵͷѡ
÷߷߲ƽȥ𣿡
Źԡ
*
ڽһصСԢ
ֵķΧصһ˿ռŵĻʧС
ѧ֮޺Ҳˡ
Ƕ˾ԾӦúеѧڳڣǺæµѧڹĳſαֵ죬ʦܸһʦ֣ҪҪ꼶Թżᡣ
ǧѷĻᣬȴԥˣǵԼѾһĿˣæûʱȥҡ֪ݺݵһ٣ôõĻ᲻úϧ˴ĿǺѵõģ󣬹һڴӦˡ
׼˽һ£Ƕڸеĳѧֳľƴ
޺ԼĿûпеʱȥ棬Ĵ档
˸һĳƱȥСѼʹ
壬һ°ʰһ׼ţֻסһϣڶͻҸһСʱ͵ˣܽ
ʰã˸Сͳţ¥Ϳ˼˱վǸģΪ׵ľǹ
ƣҺ󣬶֡
üǼСҲ֮ǰ˵ˣĶһĳƱôڻСſڵˣ
һ߽ȻȻǣ֣վһŮܣҵŮҡңǸһʦʦ㡣
Ҷǵͷ΢ЦҲòظк
һԹ˵Ůÿ
á
𱣰һ˾̤ó̡
Ҹں棬ĸǰ̸˵أӦôչʾ
ҳŹĸ첲˵õĲһ
ʼ磬һҲı飬˵Ҫ㣬Ҫһû취ֻôˡ
ôȰȰҸǲ죬ְ
ʲôֵģһˡ
ڸԹʹŵȥվ
ΪƱλģ˶ɢˣҺöһᣬҲԶ
һϳ͸λԵһλãǹһˣҲû⣬ʾԼԸλã˵л
棬Լڹߵλá
ҽȽ϶࣬ǰʱɣҲûкúϢһϳͿʼƤڴܣſϾ˯ˡ
ڿԼ׼ĸӣʱתͷһңԾЦˡһĻбʦ㿴ɵпһ䡰ʦ
СʱȥͱڰΧֻܿԶӰӰ׿׿¥ĵƹԼƽֱ·ϵļյ·ƣֻǵ˵̫죬ûѾȥ۵ֻʣ¹ߡ
ڹǰ˽˸绰ʼɤŵ£Ӧ˾ϳʲô⣬ûãҲ⡣
˶¶֮ɫ
ƺҲɤӾÿҪѹſŵüͷ𡣹ֻߵǰߣĸ첲ܲС㣬Ҫŵˣ
˱鲻ÿϾǹϣ߽ߵľͷ
ڰˡ
ҵüչÿϵͷִֻ
ҪȥѧУڸվһ³վҵһȽϺõľƵ꣬ס£ȥѧУ
ǰ̨СҪ䷿ʱ˳Ĭ
ʵˡ
ûϣȻŮһ䰡⻹Ҫ
˵Ҫ˫˷ʱҳ½ǣѯʣ˫˷
̹Ȼ԰ƺ뵽ɻ󣬡㵱Ȼһ䡣
Щȣĸ͵Ц
䣬Ϸš
šֱۣոô㶼ûѵı飬Ҷ˼ˡ
ûϵҺ˼

ȻѾҹǺôҲһ֮סͬһ䷿Ŵ͸һľ룬ôһתͷؿԷ˯ա
Ҷٻǻ᲻˼Žô
Ůʿȵԭȥϴ衣
һŵҪҪȥϴ˯ʡȥһ˯Σ
Ĳɣµʲô˲åڴϣһֳԴƵضҪģҲûʲôġ
ҵһۣתԡҡ
ϴ˺þòųҲ׼͸ڼͺá
ҲŽȥϴ裬ܿͳ
ʱڴϿŴͷֻ
ƳһۣͿû£򵥵°ΧԡϰĽʵһţԣһ¶һԡ£ͷĶԡƺҪļơ
ԡУģȻеŲۡ
ұ򶨵ƿߣĲܿƵ
߹Ĵ£ôѵĻ𣿡
ҿֻ㲻·ΧԡΪ԰ģ
²ͷëת˫ֳȵ࣬üۿǣΪ˸
һƿҪȥͷ컹Ҫ
ֱͦǱ㲻һ𣿡
˾
ң˲ˡ
ȥ÷Ͳ߱ϧ˵⸱ӻǲˡ

ȹŪãѾˡ
Ϩ˵ƾʹ˯ˡ
¥ŵơ
ҷ˸Ŵڡ
ſȵǷģɺӵĴڡ
Ҳţ컨塣
Ӻ󣬸ڴȻһ
ܲջظոǾ仰
˯Ҫ˼롣
һ̾Ϣ
ҿ˯ʱҪջصǾ仰ľ仰
ҪģҲûʲôġ
ڶ죬һ죬Ҿˡ
Ͽ𴲣»ҪȥѧУ
ӦһűӲԸ𴲡
ھĶ䣬˲ѹ
ϴ꣬һװ
һװϴȥҵһ
ңæ
һãȻرʾԼᡣ
վԡңžӣԼڿԿʼѧˣ綼ҪҴġ

 61 

ҿǰŮڴǵչʾ
ѧУԶһվ͵ˡ
ѧУ󣬺ܿҵ˱Ŀҡ
ĩ峿У԰˲࣬ߵǼԺѧҪʵĿң˾Ϳʼˡ
ܶһװѧһЩۿѧ
кƲڵס̫ʱֱϣϣһ㵭ĽɫЩȡ
ҽǰһĶ
Ͽʼûб¶ź֮⣬Դһƽ飬ңЦգһֻۣҸӷ϶Ӧ硣
Ϊܸعۿм俿ǰλá
Ϊһ͵ı˺ܶʦһŶһЩƵĽڣԲͬĴѧ
һһһǰҪίȻһЩ׻󣬲Ǹѧ̨չʾ
Ķʮ֧㽱ȽȽһȽһ
ˣֻҪǲμ˾Ķ飬Ͷ㽱
ÿһ֧Ľ⣬Ȼٹ۲ίǵı飬ߣҿܿüίı顣
ֻЩίƺѾսˣÿ鶼һģһı飬Ϊ˭¶ɫ
ڣֵϳ
׵ķʽּܡ
ǵһϽ̨ѲһȦҵҵλãû¶ʲô飬λãڳʦѧԼĶ顣
ȻͿʼ⣬Уûеһεʺ͵ӣ෴ģֵ󷽣Ѿϰǰ㡣мߣƬŲ
ʮֻչʾϣøλԵƬ̡
ˡ
ǶȽѾˣͦϧģǶȽĵһͶȽĵڶͲһ㡣
Ѿʮˣ϶ûôͣͶˡ
ͽԭ
ѧУʳóԷ
ʱʳΪ
򷹶ŵúܳ
üŮʿϵȣʿȥ򷹡
ҸŮҺõĿλϵȴ
һ̷ŮҴ˵ҲѧУģ
ҵͷ
̷Ů˵ǲǸúһʦ㣿
ԡ
ܾúʦЩֵֹģʦܵŮѣ̷ŮûС
ĺö
ɻҲûбֵú԰ɣ
̷Ů˵ϴǿʱֻ㣬ֻֽҲ㡣ʱʱʱ㡣Ľ
ûнӻ֪ʱ˵ЩʲôǵˣӦҲĽҵŮˣлҪںҪϲ
ʿ򷹻ꤵļڿˡ
Թ緹󣬻صƵѾˡ
ʰ꣬ûȥĸƱһϳҶƣ˯ˡ
ҵû˯⣬ų⵹˵ľɫ΢΢
Ϊ˵λøŵĶаģ˭ҲԸ⻻λ
ҶԹ˵Űɣ˵ľҲԶԼбǰ
عͷܿͷ˯Ӧû˯ãϿЩľ뵡һϵġ̡ۡ
ԽԽ˳ۣϲ
һӣǾͻصˡ
˸ѾˣصѧУѾˡ
ԼһԷ
ҾһŶӵľ۲ͣԼ䷹̫ã˵ԼлȥûȹڣѾҪһԷ
գҸһȥԷ
Ҷܿģô˵ýˡ
һ÷Ա˼ƿ
Աÿ˶һƣҿҶܻ֣ԼҲɨˣƱҪһ
ƿıƣ÷Ա˸ձһϸң˵ŮѲȾƣϰɡ
ҲûΪѹ
Ҿһ֭
󣬸ɢȥ
ҿĿȾ糺죬˿Ⱦ⣬ᣬһȥģȻ֮ǰ޺˵ܺá
ãƫҪһȥ
̬ô˵ڳ37+48ڶٵʱûгɣһӾͻشˣӦû
ȥ·ϣڽ̨ϵʱûнš
ȻаһδһôĹڣôܲţ
뵽侲Գ֣ûк壬ôнţҼûнء
Цһڶǵľ̲صĳ磬ҲǶüΣʵǸʱҾͻˡ
˵Ӱʮָۡ
ңͲˣ
ͷڵסֻܿıӰ
ԣһŶ裬ҾͰ񡣡
ƨ
Цġ
ֵĻ֮ǰǸ壬Һ͹ЦŴкСŮѻؼ𣿡
ͷ
ߵ¥ʱѧűĿǣС
ţصӦǣģϹʲôӦýϹ

ϵ¥ͳԿףţЬϵСһ˳ʣµˮȫװһȥ
ɳüġ
֪ۣΪ˾ơ
ҹȥ£ôˣ𣿻̫ˣˮһȵˮ
֣û£ͦĵģڽһ¡
֮ǰƣʱ󱳣Ҳֵرˡ
ļתȥְ磬ôɣ
ãţ
ǳﴫˮˮðݵ֮һաˮˡ
׼ȥˮ
ְֱļϡ
ôˣ
תţɫһ׽
İ׳ƺǻ۵İ׹⡣
￴˸ҫ۵ɫ
ڣ㡣
һ޻һģųβԵƦĲĵһӿһָоҪ˵Ļ϶ʲôû
һȴߵĶС
ٴοڵܵ.𣿡
￴˵ɫ
˵꣬ҵļѴǺˡ

 62 

Ҿô˿ԼһֱͻƼޣôǧҲûֵֽҰȫӳƿأ˵ģһֻ˵Դɡ
ıǼҵǣƬƤˣյΪǵǸ񾭣Ҵ
ӦõȥľȴŨҽξδմϵζѬ룬һ㱡Ҳ
û˵ʱúֻǼӣȴ̣ܿһһ붼￪
ǵȵе㲻ͷҧҵǡ
⴫֫ٺӲӲͷڶв䵽ϣһһڻߡ
뿪ڣǲ֪˵ʲôһֱں䣬ϲ¡
§ҵɿ죬ԹԵҪǲ˵Ҿ͵Ӧˡ
˵ŤС
һһµظı˵ˡš
õӦʵĻ́ͷ۾¶ǵİ޴Ρ
վңߵش˿ĵơܺȻ䰵ҰֻʣһƬڣȻڰ۾һʱӦɹûͣ½ŲӦڰֱķȥ
СĿռ䣬ûײκζ
ұڴϣޱ
Ϊգҽû¹⣬ŵĺڵס˵ɫҿǰ˵ֻоԼҪˡ
ֳҵĸ첲ߣ
嶼ѹϣЩѴϢ
ûãҾ
ŹĴЦһˣڳЦ
ĥһ󣬴⴫ž졣
ôãˡ
ţԼ˿Դš
ȥҵ£üζûɹˡ
ôôѸ㣿
ҿЦ
ںһҪңұѹŶãСĿ飺סˡ
ϰʲô
ָԼĲӣŪãոסˡ
־Ҫȥ
֣𣿡
鷳ˡ
ƫҪҾҪš
УǾʹš
ǵ顣
Ŵɫ.˵ϹҪˡ
Ƶģûüִͽˡ
ҷʵһ
Сèһ롣
ץŹĸ첲ͷһ㱡
𣿡
ҵͷۡ
һһңӶͷüۣ촽°͡
ұ
ʼմЦŮˣĶһˡ
*
ˣ׼ʱ
˸о֣ʹ񱻰һֽűסˡ
ۣ¹ƺʲôбһڵ塣

ۿɼٶǺ졣
ʲôУкҹڻ
Ťͷȥ۾Ӧǻ˯ֻҪ뿪ֳͲһͬ𴲵Ρ¶ĺСÿԼϵ֡
ѣͶˡ
һָ§øˣ°Ͷͷ˲䣬𶯣˯
ûٶ볳ţǿӾǰ棬GMYӢĸڷɫϣСȴΪӵһ֡
ҿſţ͹۽
һѾˡ
ȥԼıóɾ·ϡ
Ҵ˯ȥԵġ
³㡣
ڲ°Ϳң˼ʼƮ̫գĻʹɡ
棬ÿһɰ
ţ˭Ҳû˵
ҵͷӼش
һھͷ¿ӣóһۣ㺦ˣ
ԣһ治ɫͷҲû̧ûС
ô̧ۿң
ʲôÿģ
ƶӣǰȻһҿˡ

棬ϴ룬ɳϿӣ֮ǰĵӾ綼Ѿˣûһ롣
ɾ֣ҵߡ
̫۾Ƕŵӣ㣬Ǳ߻λء
ˣƵ̾˿Ů鰡˯ͷˡ
ʧԹ
Ҳͷһۣһӡ
αۡ⸱ģֱûǮ
ˡҵ˼ݵ͹ˡ
ۣǾƺԣ㲻ǣø𡣡

˹ﻹµ֤ݡ˵ţֱ̧۸ҿмָ׻ĺۼ
Ҳ֪˭롣
ҷܵŶ
һ磬ңɳ￴ӡ
Ҵ˴ĸ첲㻹ȥһʲôʱ򣿸׼˰ɣ
ʲôѶ㲻𣿡
ǻһһģҵԴСȵض
æĻͻȥɣҲġ
ҵĴùôġ
ҽ⡣һ죬Ѷ㣬ʲôС
⻰̫˰ɣ
ȥͷ۽ǡ
𣿡
ȻģһԼȳ׷
ڴȻƽؿڣҸɣþûдɨˡ

һս
ҽϴ»ϴõ·óһʪ·̨ȥ
̨ţ¿
类ĴϴҶմҡҡ׹ˮ飬ˮذһƬʪ
ҽ·һһع¸ϡ
£ĿӣĿӣ¡
ⲻ󣬸ոպá
·һܸɣһжոպá
һصԡҷź裬վشЬԣ֪ڵЩʲô
߽Ҳſڰ֮ǰҹ͸Ǹ
ﲻԭСкСŮ͹
Ƭ֮ǰҸͱһȥ棬ڹ԰ñðæĵһƬҲΨһһźӰ
ǹ԰ľ޴ڹǰ˶ǲϲյģ¶һЦҲûĶ
ҿƬûʲôɫƽȴϷ޵ļӸС
úãǣڿġ
ңʲôʱϴģ
ϴˣ͵ҵĹޡ
ִļ򣬡㵹ͦﾡãԼͳ򣬷ʲôƬ˾
ۣгһշƬ
ͦΪԼ·ġ
ûá
Թͻˡ
ڿǿŽ쿴˺ܾõĵӾ磬Ȼһ¼ţûڣЩˡ
ϰǿ¡

 63 

Ǵεıǵһŵƣ󣬹뵽ֱС͵ĶУԼҲʼĶӳʦʦúͬͬѧһ
ѧڣѾμ˺ܶҲ˸ִССĽѧϰʱѾ꼶ǰ
ܶ˶ԹĿ࿴ĸͬѧ
ԼľҵҵڿҿУԽԽߣԽԽǿ
һжõķչ
ٳ˼ؼңȻַУһǵʵϰԼʵĩˣȥǱסϼ
ȻڹѧϰԽԽ죬һߣͱСƤ¶ĳЩգЩִһ£Ǿǹ˵δ
һʱٵİ·ݡ
ũ³ߣ˹͵°ࡣ
ٽ°ʱ䣬ͻȻˣԭգת˲ͱܲꡣ
ûԤϵ꣬ûɡվڹ˾ſڵͣҲڵȹϾ˵ˣ°ࡣ
ΧмͬҲûɡЩðŴܽĻЩһԸż
ܴˣһλͬҲûɡк
ͬð黨СԴԴңͬԴͮͮн㡣
е㾪ȣʣν㣬Ů𣿡
νͷһ磬԰Ѿˡ
ţλʮ겻ͬ£ѾиôŮˡ
ͮͮźνȣֻСֱ󣬹˳㡣
ҶԭӦýа
ͮͮͷԼ裬գգһ˫۾ѯʡӦӦýһ̡
ν㣺ʲộ㿴ᣬа̾ͽˡ
Ҷͬ£Ҳ࣬ͮͮҽ಻ʰ
ͮͮ˶ԻԴ¶Ž׵ݣЦʢĻ䡣
̲סʵ̫ɰˡ
ƽСˣνϹųĸŮ
ͮͮϳǰ˱Ŀ뿪
ʱɡˣ첲ͿŶմ飬һԵӡӡ
ɡ߰ɡ
š
СرܿЩӿݣ߳һξ룬ŷƽʱеĬ
Ҳ²ţǲڹʲôί鲻̫ã
˼ɵϣûֱʳڣŷӸôЦ
иͬʳóԣʳ˲ͳζȻǸͬ£㲻緹Ǹͬ˵ЦЦ֪Բ𣿡
§ļ磬ɡǱ㣬һϲӡ
һ˫صƴúá
һҸ߼һţԱţӭ١
һλԱǵ˫
ˣſʵϲС𣿡
ʵЩͻȻһ㶣µӦǿͮͮ
ûʵţͦϲġ
ԺҪϲǾͶ棬ڿЦ
Цˣ㵱ĸ𣿡
Թһؼҡ
Ա߾һڣ֮첻ô򳵣ǽ˵ڣ˵ȥ
кü£ŮһеźÿĴӣഺ۵Цݡ
˶ӵһԼǰ᲻ĽЩлŮˣ
˫ץֹͣʱվȣᣬΪ˽ҵѣĽӦҡ
⻰ˡ
صңһɡһֲڴûҪóԿŵ˼ͳԿףתȦſˡ
׼ƵֽסˣһƬķӣȴŰƵĹâ
ûлЬͽȥˣ輸ϷúɫΧɵİģмźüƬĺӰ
վڲ輸ǰһƬǴι·ĵһƬǵһκӰΪܱ߶̫ˣƬĳǺ˵ЩģǵľʾܵĹϵ
һţڶβμӱһװģ˧ˣĶѰУ԰ĵģվһôǰ⴩͸֦Ҷķ϶ճһصĹߣ§ļ磬˿ץ
һţֻͣĵģǱȴҸ
ҽƬģתվɳĺ棬ûжֻǻ
˾Ū𣿡ָһȦ
˼ͷš㲻ϲ˷ѣǾ͹ʵ˽ڡ
Ĺ߲Ҳһҵ顣
˴˶ҪĥϣҪһΪһı䡣
һֱ磬޿ײ룬뾡һа취
ƽżȻ;ϲǽ
ҹȥŹĳȶˡ
лл㡣
ллôжллҵһᣬлл㲻ƽȤ꣬ллҵﲼǺӡ
û֣
Ӧлл㣬ллҳΪõˡ
Ķְ죬׼ɿ˵֪ܻܲŮѵһأ
ҲûĥߴͷţһסĺףԼߴ
ѵŮû֣§ת˸Ȧǽϡ
ҹҹ
Ϧ󣬹ʼ޵Ƶʲôʱ֤ʲôʱһ֡
ģҪи𰸡
Ҿе磬һβһ࣬ҪǹСŶʮ꣬˵ķǶʮʱ㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôôִš
ڹ뷨ǵҵͽ飬ǸʱѾ˷䡣ҺϲСӣ뾡һң˽꣬ҵƴٸĻʮˣŴھͿʼʾ
һʼ˵Ҫżɿˡ
ֻҪڱҵʱõҵƺţʹӦ޸
־ڱصá

 64 

·ݿѧѧУһѧУˣУ԰ߵﶼѵ̹ٵĸȡ
ϷһܺõʱڣôȣҲô䣬һһ㣬ոպá
ҹӭ洵ȫÿһϸչġ
ĳɼڸֱϽܳı֣ȥĳһз顣
ǰʱ䣬ֿʼϵǸҹܣûпαһ
ĳһθԼʱ˵˱ȥΪαѧϰĵú;顣ȻˣҪ˳ȥҲ˶೤ʱ䡣
Ǹѧ¥ߣϣ΢ţļҡ
ţͦԾġ
ôȾ͸΢ţ
ֻҵ¼ϻҵϢϸؿѵҡһΡΪм䶼ǿҵİʾʾһҪѹȷеĽϢһ˵ˡ
أһһعͷ޺ӡ
ߵ˴к뿪ߵߣ¶ɻ󲻽ɫô⣿
ңŶһαҾ˳
޺ҡͷ̾һ㻹ǳȥһСҪ
˵εЦæͣǣҴܲģⲻǾ˳ȥ
ҵıҲûΣ㵹һû¡޺ϧ˵Ů
Ҳûȥ
޺Ӻ滹пΣ뿪ˡ
¥ҵϢǼң漸ˣ󲿷ѧȣڴɢһɡСסʣӦúܶ඼Ǵһ
ΪѾеһˣǴӺŽȥģʦڽ
һҵһλ£һصѧӡ
ʱǹúܿ죬Ѿҵˣڻٴڿʦڽ̨Ͽӣ־ΥΪѧĸоٴʰˡ
ֵûдúʽһװ˻䣬ӵһվڳеĹڵͷȻߵ̨ϣλáߴӽҵߵұߣڿҺ¶ǳǳЦݡ
ʼҽܣ㿪ԼõPPTľ飬ܽһЩѧϰ
ŮᣬǱˡ
ۣѧҲ˧
ǰ֪ûŮѡ
ںߵһʱᣬ˶ߵ߰˰ˣûҷȥ
ȥͿüŮΧţ׵ľ룬ЩŮҪ΢š
ң֣һ䣺ǸŮڵңʲôԺ˵ҡ
Ŀ֮£§ҵˣһ˧ıӰ
߳ңԴףҿ˭û
ȫ⣬ϲѵˣԴ׵ĻҲûУ֪϶һЩŮ˵ġ
˵ʲôֿˣҲ϶Դס
һ˿˿Ρ
ǰǸˣӳŲ⣬ȾһȦһȦ
Լϵֲ֣ǶʸС¾ͳԴף
֪󷽡
ĳ˾ԴףеʷǱء

ںȦһؼңԼٻᡣ
׼ڣ˳糵ԼŮѺСӻؼңֻûкϴһܻؼңֱӿҡ
ɻ󲻽⣺ôˣм£żȻؼңӦǰǷ£ô򳵡
Ҵ۾ǣ˾޺ӻؼңԼǣһ³ңղײգͽˡ
޺ų뿪
Լߣ㷲Լû׼û׼ȫûԤϵ״ȥԹļˣⲻǸѼϼǿ
Ҳֻܿһһˡ
ҿһСԼƽ
ļ˶Ҷ飬Ȼ˱Ƚ϶࣬Ӧˡ
˶ϲңлùıɽӣǹ裬ҳÿΣֻ飬ԼóĶӣϲý
ôͿؼ˼ҳҾԼѾֻ̤ˡ
¸ɣԼһȥɽǴһȥɽ
ų
޺Ҳ׼·š
˵̫ӵˣڼɡ
޺ӣ
ң
Ȼ˵ˣ޺ûкƤȥֻܸпĺֵͽһ߿ǰûҵʱ򣬻ǿǣߣأ
ӦǾ仰Ϊֵ߲嵶ΪŮ˲ֵ
˳ҳ첲һƣ˵
ûֱ׾ܾ޺ӵ

ͣó˾Ϳʼɽ
ʱ仹磬ûʲôˡ
ɽеˣٶȸѾˣڴڣŲƵġ
ҷһЪϢǰͣ£תЦ𣿡
ͷ
ûĶֳ߹
һľһˣһ顣
ͷŨܣ⴩֦ҶĿ϶ͶڹϣҾΪһ壬ϴ˽⣬һһ

ֻ䱰΢Сһ󣬾ҲӵǺӡ
ꡣ

 65   ޺

ǰչ26գʵǲֶģκμ︸ĸʼ߶ǰʱͬѧۻᣬͬѧЦ
մѧҵҡһ䣬ΪĽ򣬶أԾǹ¼ҹһöЦ޼ɵ򵹺ãǣ˵ŲҪٳЦСӣǺ.ЦЦ
޺΢ŵ̾һʰð칫ϵ鼮׼ؼҡ
޺ڴѧҵûиһȥҵ෴أõѧУı˶ʿоҵڱУʦ˽ΣҵʱѧԺʦһУÿ춼úܳʵҲæµʵû˼ȥ
ѧУУʦᣬ׼˼䣬ڲԶ·Сʱܵ
޺ӸһһĽֵؼҡ
Ǵ߹гСһïܵſʮεĺɫשϱƮҶ׺š
΢һҶɳɳ죬ɫѿ׷ڿ裬ɾĸо
·ľͷһһÿ·ݵļʢʢ֦ͷۺɫҪǷһ㣬һͬʱ续һ㡣
ˣܶʱᵽ˹ա
޺ӻûִһ£µĻǣ˴εĳζ
żԶľ룬޺ӿһλ͵СһֻһλɫĹȹŮˣһͷɫĲ˾ɢʱ޺ӣӻ﷭תİӡ
ʹֻǿűӰҲһ˵ĸо
һƽﶼᴩôţʵΪյ˱Ƚ϶࣬ŵķװҲԽԽǧٹ֣޺Ӳûкܾȡ
޺Ӽǰߣ˽ӹİӣת
һۣ޺ӱ޵ˡ
һͷĲ˾ɫĹȹ粿ǱɴһȦ״Ųӣ͸ɴܿ۵ǣȹ°ɵһһɴŮ˵ְ𪣬̵ͦıԼ˫۾˵ĶһһɫȥΪԼһ޼ʵĺ档
޺ûйȥעˣǰеĲ
˶޺ӿ˺üۣ߹ס޺ӵһ޺ôҲ벻̨ʣǲǼ
޺סˣ´ŮˣԺＫãΪûô־ˣ˵Уҿ϶ûмŮˡ
޺ƿ֣ò΢Ц˼ûм㣬ϴˡ
ҡҡͷ޺ӣܣҿ϶㣬ҼɺˣôܼǴŮСزһ䣺Ǹʱ˧һ㡣
޺һЦﰵ룺ŮҲôӵĴڨ
ԲҲʶ㡣
˵޺ԹԵ뿪˻üͷ˼
źü죬޺ÿ··ʱܻһ¿ˣڱϵʯϣ߹۾գգ
ǰ죬ʱɫȹȴڶĿ·˶̲סóֻ͵ġ
һһ£֦ͷɫһλ绪ˣ˭̲ספ࿴ۡ
ܹ˺һʱûٴŹȹشһװ
˸ɴ޺һȥϿΡ
޺ڽ̨ϲؽţºмע⵽һλѪһͬΣǿƲסǱȥ˽ȫ˻ڽ̨Ͽε޺ӡ
ǰҹ˯ӣ˵ģŵĻҡ
޺ӵ㿪һҳPPT浹ſߵߵشһ⡣
һ±ƣٻվ۾ұ߸һŮͬѧƺѯǴ𰸣ʣҡͷ
ᣬͷСʦҲᡣ
޺ӱ̬ȣ´κúΣҪˡ
Ŷ
޺Ǹ£ûڽڽ˾͸߾֣ʦһᡣ
޺תȥסˣһƬžȫѧͷλʿѧԡڸϵѧ˵ȽѣܴҲȿû뵽Ȼ¸վսĿһ֮࣬ſϷ顣
޺˸Ķ
վߵ̨ϣ޺¶ŵЦݣɫ۱ʣڸɾĺڰд
ӹȥڰѾƯռ˰ߡ
˷·۱ʣ֣Ƶģʦдˡ
޺ӴͷβվԱ߿дȻû˼·һޡ
ȫͬѧ޺ӣǵȴо
޺ӵͷͣȫԡ
˲һƬĽĿлصҵĽ
һÿν˵λñ㱻Χˮйͨ˿޺ʰþҪ뿪ˣֱӲӷǰ棬ˡ
޺ſαذ칫ңһ·ʶʦͷк
ĽŲ١
ʦȵȣ
޺ͣ½Ų˼Ҵҵܹ˿ΪЩңŻȵĿ˿ȫƫһԣĺܼ򵥣ɫTţж̿㣬һ˫ֳϸȸ
˴ʦȥĶؼһɡ
޺ӣһҲסǱߣ
޺ӼǵǸֻнʦԢһҴƵ꣬ʦԢǲסģǾֻʣ¾Ƶˡ
޺ӲǲˣʹԷʹ˼ΪͼĴڨֶΣʮʿشӦһȥ
޺Ȼص˰칫ҷſα棬ʦմ޺һټİ칫ʰӣ£ſڣʣʦǸѧ𣿡
޺һ㶣뵽ˡ
ʦʦҲѵѧһǵһμ
޺ûж˵ͷ뿪ˡ˳Ϊ޺׼ѵ
칫ңܿУſڻ̳ʢĻкɫɫţõļȼԼ
޺Ӻһϻؼҵĵ·оܲһ˵
ϵİƿǳ˫ɶԡ
߹г˴ݳĬ޺ӣ
޺ӣţ
Ŵͷ޺ӣҧ촽˼ô᲻ǵأҼǵܾ֮ǰͼ㡣
޺һЦôֻص⣬ˣ
ҲǶʮͷ
ˣҽʮһˡ
ͷƮƬơ
޺ӾӦòѧУѧǣҲӦûϹĿΣôôͻȻĿϡ
·˲òͣ²޺ӻڵӦòҵѧɣ
ʶԼûҽܣߵľõЦն޺ӣãƳƶƣǵĳȷʵѧ
޺ӿǰɫ·ϣɫİ߱ĥȱһǣʳĵ׵ɻ󣬡ôҵĿϣܰôרҵѧ
ƳҸߣƣҶʶԾʶ㡣
޺Ӳ죬ûʶ𣿡
̵𣬵ȴ˿ʼ·
Ƴ߱ߵͷ
·˱Ƚ϶࣬޺Ϊ˱ܿӭƳ߽˽
ļأ
⻰ڣ޺ӲŷףϾ˼ҵļ£ڵĹϵ˵⣬ò
Ƴ޺Ҳʵش𣬡šҰƻ飬ӻߵġ
޺ӽûʣֻǵͷöԷ֪Լˡ
һ£ֻҪ޺пΣƳͻȥϿΣżֻش⣬ôأԼѧͷܿ⣬һĻ֪ǲѧŮëԼеⶼشô˵ȥ
ǣ޺˽½ƳҪڿ
ΪƳ֣ϸ޺ӵĹϵΪУ༶ѧûȥɧҪϵʽﻹʼƺΪ޺ӵŮѣÿֻ޺ӵĿΣ¿һؼңôһԵĲӼˡ
ʶһ£Ƴӭ˵һβι޺ӵĻᡣ
޺ڰ칫ҵŪñȽ߳칫ңƳߡ
ɫվڰ칫ſڣѾĻֻ̳ŨŨһƬɫͶ˸޺ơ
ƳʾԼܶ޺ӳΣû뵽û뵽ôˣڵȣƳȥҳԷ
ߵһʱʶԼΪڳ嶯һ˴ŮȥԼ̫Ϲˡ
޺ôίȥʱƳĶӷһεŶӣߴٵɣǸϽȥңҺöˡ
޺ֻѹĲʸУȥҡ
һţ޺ȸһˮȥæ
Ƴ˰뱭ˮ󣬿ڳ޺³Цһ㶼³أôò˵ᡣ
޺ͣȵĹ̵ˣһ
ȵﲻٷ޴ʱ޺ӲŻӦò³ɣ㲻ò˵Ҳ
޺͹۲쵽˫ְۣ鶹ƵģһʮָմˮΪֹ͸¶һҵʣӦǸһĸ˼ҵĺӡ
Ƴ¶һЦߵľѾ¶ü΢䣬ɫ鱻סһ룬ȻֵİƵסߵ
Ƴһڴϣ˵ܡ߽޺ӣȫ߽ɵŹпʱɽͣʵǸ
޺Źһ٣ĬȻȷʵǸǳ࣬Ϊ͸ͯ﹫Ϣ
Թ޺ʰ;ߣû뵽ͦܳģ󲿷ֶԹˡô⣬Ļôݡ
޺ӴӳƳڵϵʲô
һûþͻɨػ֮ǰæУҲûȥάޡ
޺߽ŷƳɨػˡ
̿һء
޺Ӷָؼʬɨػ𾪵ˣ˵ǹôȻЩ
Ū
Ƴû̧ͷڣ԰ˣ˾ˡ
޺ôһŮŮӻɨػʶҪˡ
Ƴһ̧ͷͿ޺ɫ΢΢һЦͣҼﾭŪЩԾͶˡ
޺Ӳ²ǲǿ޵ģԶһ㡣
´Ƴʱ򣬴˺ܶ޺޺ɨػ
ɨػǰҪˡ

 646  ޺

ôһĹȥѾϰиƳĴڡ
޺ӱȽϺǣѵùÿ춼ôУǮļ˲
Ȼͷǧɻ޺Ҳûбֵ̫ԡ
ⷢʶĵĸ¡
˻Ǹһڻؼҵ·ϣ
һлˣʣ֦ɺҶ
Ƴ֧֧ᣬ޺ӿл˵ʣôˣ
̾˿ûǮˣƵǱӦסˣȻǡ
˼ԣûǮסƵˣ޼ҿɹ飬Ҳ޷ɳԡ
޺̽ʣûؼң
ƳŵͷȻ̧𣬸˹һͣҡΣҲҪ
޺ӿôܣҲô죿
һڿˮСʣҿס𣿡
޺һ˲ΪԼˣһŮҪסʶµİ˼𣿡סҼ𣿿ɡ
ûôǣ޺Ӷסˡ
Ƴһϵҿ϶ŵġﲻǻһշ𣿡
⵹Ǽǵ
޺˵ˡ
ֵĶ
Ƴ󣬹һȦ޺ӵļң֮ǰûúù۲졣
ע⵽ϷһƬ
úùۿ
Ƭ޺ӺҵСӣһһŮֱһֱһƽһ¶òЦݣֻƬЦø׺ЩС
ƳƬֽסˣĺӰɣ
ܿ죬뷨ɢ֮ǰϿξͬѧ˵޺δ飬ôСأ
ƳؿڣɰСݵĺ𣿡
޺һۣ֮ǰҺ͹ȥΣѺӸСȥʱ·ĵһƬ
ҽĶӺŮ
Ƴһۣôһ¾˸̥
޺ӳ˳ǣ̥óҫ˲֪ٴΡ
ƳҲÿ춼޺Ӽ׳԰׺ȣڸһ
޺ʲôģƳֹû˵ֻÿλصģżϻһĨɫĺۼ޺͵ζ
޺׷׷ʣ֪ĹݣǸ޳̵Ȼ֪ƳһбȽϸߵ裬ֻһŮӼҼҵģȥһݹЩʺϡ
޺ȰݹƳͬ⣬ظ޺ҫԼڼԱЧߣࡣ
ƳڶԻеʮֵϤû࣬˸߲εĹ˵Ƚɣٲÿ춼ӴͣЩ
ĸºƳĹʶ޺ˣҲһǮ
޺ӸƳദôãȺãرϲݳᣬÿῴɳ϶ſø棬·ԼУֺķ˿һַΧ̨Ͼݳĸֵĸ߸衣
ϲ𣿡޺Χȹ
ƳعңصӣߵԣãʵұȽϲַΧȫһ𻶺̨ϵĸһһܺã
ϲȴû޺Ӱװһ뷹
ϲĻȥܡ
Ƴҧſӣϣͷǵɫ޺ȥ޺˵رۣϵļȣƳϲĲʽ㣬⣬Ϻȡ
ƳԸһȥ𣿡
޺װؼһ⣬Ĭ
Ƴԥ˵һûȥݳأǱ߼ûĻֹּȥ
ζ
޺ûŮ̲ܾǵͷ
ãʶԾǸֹ㲼ʱеطֹʼеƳԺη
һΣƳûаʱϾŵ㣬ԾûκѶ
޺żˣһŮôû᲻ʲô飿ֺް취ûƳϵʽ׼ȷ˵Ƴôãûһֻ̨Σ޺żˣֻҲһѾķ˾ͳš
С޺֪ƳַҲ֪ĸ˾ֻ֪һ޵꣬޴룬1
ƳպôӶһ߹ЦŸк
޺һϨĻЩôôûˣҾͲͨ˾ֵĵ绰
Ƴɫ˱䣬˿ЩѰףҹ£̫𡣡˻𱨾Ժ󲻹ڲˣ㶼𱨾ܴܲӦң
޺ȻɿֻֻصصԼ°ЩءʵΪʲô
Ƴתתܿ޺Ӷӣǰֵֻһ𣬡ΪҲҰ֪⡣
޺صصͷӦ
޺ӴƳȥֻ꣬һ̨Լһͺŵֻ׼һŵ绰ûֻ֤޺Լ֤һš
޺ʮһµƳȥһݳᣬڸʡ
볡ʱƳ¼ߣ۾ӳŹâ
ǵһݳᡣ
ⳡݳһλӵǧ˿ĺˣݳƱνһƱ޺һⷽԴѲƱȻƾǵ٣Ӧˡ
ݺܴ󣬵ƹⶼϨˣֻ̨Ǳž۹ƣΧǺѹѹһƬĻ쳹ʣȺ֡
߶ҪĤļУŵһ׸ı֡
޺һϲˣȴûиеʣΧȾ
ߵƳһУٸַҡڣʣµֻźĶľĶš
޺ӿŸƽﲻһЩˣӿһ񳱵ֽƽΧˣֻһֻչľ飬õһ档
ַſɤ質
ݳ룬̨ţˣͨŴһһڳĹ
޺мںš磬Ұ㣡
˧и֣˸Ķһɤ˵뿴Сǣ֪Ƿأ
δ䣬޺Ӿһ񻶣ԭֻɫɫɫӫ𽥱ֵֻͲҫֶĿĺܶСǡ
ƳҲһóֵֻͲָ߸ߵؾ
޺Ӻ޶˵Ҳ
̫ˣ޺˵ʲôֻؿһһϡ
޺Ӵչȥſɤӣ˵ʲôû
ƳĶϣһһ䣺˵ҲֵֻͲɡ
䡣
ӵĻ޺һִոƳĴĶˡ
޺̵óֻ
Ƴһ֣Žһҡڡ
޺Ӵ˿ֻ
ݳѾǰҹ
Ƴ޺ӻصƵ꣬ٷء
عƽദģʽ
ЩͲһˡ
иϽˣ޺ӴһΡ
޺ӸƳϢԼܻȥˣԼٻ
޺ϿεʱڿҵĽ￴һĨٻӰãڰ׳Ƶҫ£
ϣ޺˼⣬˶ûؿ
һڿνϵѧʼɢȥ
мѧĳɻΧڽ̨޺ӡ
Ƴӽҵĺ߹Цһͷ㣿
޺ӣš
Χ۵ѧмʢഺڵǱȽϵһ䡰ʦŮ𣿡
޺ЦݣĽ𣬲˵Ҳ˵ǡ
Ⱥѧɢȥ
޺Ӳɺɺ١
ƳΧҹգ֪ںδֻʣµǹҫ
߰ɡ޺˵
Ƴͷ
߳һξ룬˵ӰӺ͵ϵľ޴ӰΪһ塣
Ƴʣոôûзϣ
޺ͷһȥ͵Ӱ̫Ũı飬ԴǸ𣿱ǸҲ֪
û˵ͱϣƳûУţ
޺ͣ½Ųǰ״·ͶƵĹƬӰһԵķֽߡԼĸڵĴһֻҪܵ
ƳͣԼҲûһֲ²⣬ȷֲҿ϶
Ĭ˺ü룬޺ڿˡ
ǲǡ˵̫ãµǡ
̫ˣ״Ρ
ƳȻЦ֯һ仰Դǡ
ƮƮҹĻ
šϲ㡣
޺Լûã˵ϲŮ˵
ҲǡҲϲ㡣
ļ޺Ӿһжֵڴ
δ֪죬ɲǿп޵գڴ

 67   ޺

׼ؼҵƱ벻鷢ˡ
һԾеĳɼ¼ѧУϵͳ
صңûƣһƬûһļƳûʱһģһ
޺ƤĻŴӼžÿ鲼ȫӿڴóֻƳ绰ŶһӵϢбͻȻơ
Ƴֻ޺һ㣬ֻȻ´һһķ䣬˫źעǦ̶̵ļ·Ѿõȫ
̧ţֻ׵Ӧ
޺ӵƣץŰ֣ƿţһƬڣֻде¹⣬дֻֻŵƹ⣬΢Ĵڡ
ߵĴߣֻ˹Ҷϼ
޺Ӷû˵ȥƳƽʱϰĵطԴǼ¹ͶƳϰ๤ĵص㣬ָƣܿҵˡ
ĹԱǱʾԼҲ֪ǸƯŮģΪһû绰û˽ӣϸʹǵϰ壬޺Ӳ֪ԭƳûõϢֻǸְ
޺߳޵꣬һˮĵ·ϣȴ죬ϣĻݳ
ԼԼоˡ
޺ӲģҲûһģ
Ĵڣ޺ûлؼңһ侲ףûķӡǼ绰ؼң˵˵޺Ȼܾˡ
Ҳܹȥֻ÷о϶Ǹǰʱ˵ҪŮйأÿδ绰ʱڲǸŮˡ
ڹȥ޺ӿʼϿΡ
һֱϿξԭ޺ѧڸտѧͻ˺üΡ
ÿǸƳĿңðһĸо
νȣؼʱˣһλɫȹŮƤЦ
һҪĲ֣ʦȴȻֹеѧĪתͷҵĺ󷽣һ񣬺߸ûκˣҲûκζǰŵѧС
޺ӲŻعεصǸΡ
ûгܶΣ޺µԼڴÿһĵ
ŵԣûʧٲʱ򱨾յգ޺Ψһĳŵ
ÿߵǿ£޺Ӷ̲סһʱⲽؼҡ
Ҫ֦ɸ޺ӵ֦࣬ɴб˵̹ĺۼּŤŤ̵ûȽϸܿӡ֡
֮ǰĳΣ޺ӸƳһԼ·ϣƳ´󷢣СһҪ֣֤ʵʵ
޺ֻпϵ壬ԼǸȻ࣬ȴõ룬ȴ˻ҵķ䣬ʵУԼƳеⲻʹ͸һΡ
ƳʵĴڡ
һعȥ޺ӵյˡ
ûпΣûȥѧУѡһÿװɫװ
һۣ޺ӾڲƳ᲻ᴩһμʱȹӣ͢Ĺһٴγ֡
޺ڼҸɵһ磬ؿ򿪵ķţԣӦڼҡ
æ¥ǿһ¡
Ѿ³һʢ֦ͷʢķۺɫһִص˳Ƴʱ⡣
ɹ⾰Ѳڡ
ɵĵôһ˽˲ĥĺۼ
޺ߵɱϣֲԾظǳǳּһһ棬̵ڵʱ顣
꣬ûһˡ
磬Χܰûһˣֻ΢硣
֪˶ãʯϵ޺ӵҰȻһ˫ɫЬСţСӵĽš
޺ӵͣ˰̣
ŴЦ̧ͷһλŷۺɫȹԼĪ߰ŮӣһͷɵľŲ۵ɫװ׾ܿɰ
λСɵĹĳˡ
Ůû˵ֻǽĵһֽݵĸǰ
޺Ӳȷʣҵģ
Ůͷ
޺ӵЩѵؽӹشŰ׵÷ֽ
ֻкɫīдĺÿļ򵥵ļֹ֣ճÿһÿһӡ̣Ǹںڰд˰ڰģһּ
տ֡Բһʧˡ
滹һ֣ȵһҪСһ㡣
ԭļ㡣
޺ͷһеһƬհס
һӿͷ
͵̧ͷǰûӰһŮ֪ںʱʧӰ٣ǰֻصһ꣬δ
ϱץøֽողξ
޺ˡ
ѹûԼ֤һ֣޺Ӳ֪ϢѹȻǸŮȴôеѹеǵĲһֹ֣ѹ˵ǹԭǹ
޺ͷһƬտûоͷգ
ɽɽ֪ӺζĹļ⣬ȴߵƲûӰǼµʱվʹ͡
ˡ
ͷϵһ׷Ʈͷ¼ŵķɫҰꡣ
֮ǰųˣֻĨɫӰҲˡ
һ꣬꣬ꡭ
޺ӵظ
ڵѲڿʧˡ
ȥܶط˺ܶೡݳᣬȴҲҲصĸо
һĳУһݣͬһ֣ͬķΧڵķУɫתľ۹ƣͷ׵ӫ
һµĺɫ޺ȴ˼ǰķΡ
ǰһһĶһĴϢѣһرʾϣܿСǡ
żĹ⾰޺ӷ˸ڵƳ
óֵֻͲ
޺
ԱߵŮʹרע̨ϵżҲǲȵߣֵزͷȥ
޺֪Լʧ̬ˣǸ
ʹ޺ӵ㿪Ƴֻ룬߾֣Ļ΢΢ĹݵֵͲĹǧУֻֻĻ̨
ʹܲ
лȥ
޺Ѿõ͡
ǰ˾һֱͣظף˺ܾãЭˡŮܺÿҲףмŮҪ㣬Ҳûа취ԴƳһȥŮġ
ŮѾ˴ȶʱڣǹһˡ
ƳӰѾģˣʼǲйصһС
ǲ΢ЦʱôԷʱôΨһһĸоô
޺ӵ37գ޲޾ϲ
յ˼˵ףм͸¶ǵżѾͻǹ¹µģܲŹ֡
ĿΣ޺û飬򵥵ʰһ¾ͻؼҡ
ճУſڣϹĿεһѧòͬк
ںá
޺΢΢ף¶һЦ
޺εĽֵߣǴһдеðֵ֦䡣
δߵͷǿ޺Ӿŵ˰ӵζԼһһ㡣
履ɣ
ŮҪٰ
ǵŮ壬Ǵĵһϲȵϲ䡣
޺ƽô걾Ϊĺؼ
첽ߵ£ǻþ
һɫȹһĲ˾һϸ
߹ȥ
ŮƺиоתĿԡ
޺ӾԼֹͣˡ
ģһƴǰغˡ
ˡ
޺ûгһͻʧӰ٣һգۣ͸ʮǰǸСŮ
źɫֽװŵİӣһжǰһͬ
ߵǰſӵ
һˣβ뿪ˡ
޺ػرԼǳǳһš
գ޷һһ֦ͷƮ䣬ػ޺ӵͷ
ꡣ

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ