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ôҽȥ

İթ
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һõǰûɽӾ֮䡣
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ˮһ
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Ҫɫ

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⣺Ůз𷴿Լˡ 



 1 

ѩƮޡ
Ųߵ⣬ɫ磬ƬطŹ⣬ӳ۾һƬãǸһˮո̫Ѱ׻ĵյһƬѩäһֻ֣һ۾Ĺǰĺ˳ƾʹӵݵļϻȥһֻѻڲԶͷؽһƬ׵ѩĭǰҲſˡ
ͷҪһ˵ݸԷҲӣ§ڻϸµΧã˳ѻĺƤëŮӡ
תǰϸϸذѽ˿ĴϵһĽᣬβǰһֻɵĽһɣϸΪŮĻ̾Ϊֹ
мѩ紵޳ָ£סǰֻֽɵĽڷǰͬһīţĸߴÿŮζҪӵеһֳ
ôˣֻëëŵġ
赴ӱһȴûж֪
紵ˣָ˿ȣռŹһǺüʱ
Цװ֪ؽҶ̣ҪҲȥ
üͷһ
ûֻýûõĺģ벻ۡĥţҪĻʹҪӣҲܸһԡ
֣ü͵ؿʵҲǼ信Ĺӣ˵ĻʱȴЩֳ̱׵Сöеֻۣ
ҪĻû׼ľҸġҪֲԸȻΨ׵ġʱֻҪһ仰ɲʹˡ
Խ˵ԽŵɵϷʣ˵ˡʱں޺޵һţˣ
˵˵ٲѧãЩҸ߸ȥһżӶ˶ǻһۿҪļϻǰĽҲɢ˴룬ںоأҪӡ
赸Źȥ°ϵãиЦҿɲңҪ˸ëҵǰҸС
һվԺڣһƥĳǶõĺ٣ѥմѩֻһۣ֪ǳ峿ոոġ
һͬЦȵЦˣȵϳٽڴѩкɢȥǶ߼еƮҡ
ǸϵӹȥΪʲôʵ
ֵɫȴ˳㵽˱֪ˡ
ˣͷҲϮһ˿
Ϊ˰̵£ѵ˽飬Ҫô죿
赲ٵ
ǿս꣬ŵһܣ֪ﲻʲôÿеĹͷο
ȻЦһصλ·ġˣưոݡ
ƶǶصͷ赺Ȼüͷα˵Щûõġ
ǣӣ¶ˡٹصͷȻ˵ӹ඼򲻹㵽ǻĴֻصĵطǱһҪҪ֮෽Ķǡ
һЩЩ͵ĺڳ¥ȼţͬ档ֻĬλûһ³¥ӭֻǽʱ򣬻Ӹµؿһۣ漴̧̧֣ʾʿǵ߸ߵĳš
֪زܡλϹսҲʤ̵ģʶһΣҪԭ»Įˡ
һ·ǰѩĳǽͷӹصƼߣˣ߸ߵĳǽϣܵס̫֮¼һ˿һֻ޾ڷܵߴظŻʯͷǶ۾ûһ˿¶ȡͻȻԼʮĵطüİֲֿ
¥ʱ򣬻ؿһվʿǡǲıʿЩûµױȰѩҪۣε۾ۡ
صʿ
ǰһؽıáǱڷڴѩƮʱȴһݷڵأѩϣһʱͬȾѪ
һ׵ʿ
ǵ죬ǹҲˡ
ƾá˵Ĵֻ۽⣬񿴼ȭͷ¼׵ºݺݵսȴ·Ųɫ糣
֪ʱ赺ٶѾͣ˽Ų˫۾ˢˢݷƮĲӥ죬ıУӥëʱһҲǲӥ£һƬëҲǱĩһλ֮ǰʮꡣ
׵ʿ漴һɼᡱһһƬ֮УĲӥȻ棬ηֵķ˰ۿͻȻһƬɬúӿֱϵǣûпޡ
ǵĸӳ¥֮һ߲߳Ǹʮļ󳼣෽һδˣ࣬ѩ䡣ŲŻϤã׵ֿѣٵĸף˵Ĵθ
İ˵ˣ̲סһܿĿ⡣Ŀ־˵ƺʲôҲ㲻ϣһѳȵž޲
Ѿãƫƫͷƺ෽͹ǵǻ֪һҲ⣬Ѵ˵п˶ߣ
ҼҵҪλӺ͹ذΪʣһҲ𣿡
ϾǱеĹӣԶصȻҡֵ촽˶û˵ʲôֺٲվţ񲻸ȥϵɫȥİ˽˵ʲôȥס
ջ̧ͷƵضŸ׵
֪ˡһε̾ϢһԸԤϵһ𰸡
оԼĻһӳȥҲû˼ȥʣɳֻڱѩϡл¡ȥһڹİѩ֮ϡ
ѩô̹ǡ
վ£Ǹ֪յİ˽ǰĶŮʵ
Ǻ͹׼ˣܷأģϵƽҪˣЩСڡһ£ס֡Щ׵ʿΧ£ںɫǵӰʮޡ
ӲתΪԼᶯãʩʩȻ˲ӣصİʹ߾ߵʱмһЦ
Ǳصĺӣ෽Ĺ͵¾ĹͷıѪʡЩѩϣ䣬߰˵ʲôҲϱȾһɫ
ȵȣͻȻסǣıЩ΢飬ͣס˽Ųûлͷ
һůǸ׳ϵĺ磬Լ׶Χϡ
ûסعͷȥֻһŷ·һϦ֮ȥ򶨵עԼɫ쳣ֻֻڻϲݵֳǵʹߵĿͶ˴ʱ漴ƽջȥµ£һеı¶ҲʧԼĵˣ䣬Ҳϲ¶֡
ŸȻصͷƿĿȥһ𳤴𣬵ͻȻµһ仰Щ۾
٣ȥǻؿԶԾվͻߣͷһ΢ЦһƬž֮׵һ
ǺαءѾٵ˱ԼֿȻһ̾
ǹӽ̣ȥȻҲҪȥ
ֻ̾ϢһأΪˣ˫ϵ۾ֳĹâ
³һն֣ûκתأ¡źȻǿӲĸס̧ͷһۣ߰ͷ˵㣬ͷǲԾز¡
Ĵ󳼣۹ߴ̡ĳѾ߳ȴȻת۷ס˸׵֣
ֻܽӻˡ
֪˵ľ˭ҲûĻӦֻ漴ЯԼ֡
³ͷʱԭѾͣ˵ĴѩֿʼǵϮķѩţ絶һ㽫ͥԺֱͦͦվŵЩ񴵵䣬赣ЩİʿĴӵµص£ѩĺҲ㱻ڴ𽥼ڴѩбһС㣬ҲûĴѩҲѰ֮
Ĺ磬ҲǴѩ֮нˡֻʮŮȥĹ԰ͻȻԼһδ֪֮С

 2 

˯ţһ˿зһϴ˿໥֯ĵŮӰ𪣬ͬһŵ֬ؾر۾ǴһĨЦ⣬ϸСֽסһǣ˯һȻɵ磬ûаϵ
İûο
Ůһˡ
ǺӦ
硭һֻС֣Щ˯ѵıûȥ
ΧΧϸŵĺãͷҿҹˣ˯˵š
Ƕأʵ
ָָͷĻ͸һ˿ӪĹ˻ͻȼշġžͷصʿһӪ
ʹңöߣǳһصĺӶٶе㸽ܵѪͳ˫۾ڻ谵Ĺ꣬һֻСץ˻赸ϵĶ񣬷Ҫ赸æְסҶ
ϸŪͷ
СòģѳСŪˣˡװ̾˿ָѾɢһ޷ǹɽΣ˰ˡ
üۼҲȾЦ⣬Ҹᡣ
͵ͷɵúʵĺðԼһСëţͬʱְ·ǹνڻһ˫ɫ۾С¹ɵЦ⡣
ߵΣϸĵΪ߷ФڷβһöĽΣŰʰΪʣµͷ
תתͷβײһӨĴ졣
˸ʲôʶظһöȥСӡ
走ӻųЦЩϴθȥͥḶ̌ԤóҪõġ
ôóСزŪָССĺɻͥޱȾɣǺ¶һ㣬вͰ觰
ͷϾΪʣȥ
⻰һҲˣϵЦ⻹ụ̂۾˰Ȧ˵һ츸ΪϵƤɢࡣʧǣҪ԰ο
ǻҡҡ֣ٶˣҹȥ
չһĨЦ⣬һ̣赾ԼС÷·ʧˣʣǰģֻ෽߹󲻿󼰵Ĺ
ѵɱǲɣ
ǵᡣ֪װģȴҲ𴩣ֻһЦͰߴɣҵСáţǸңԶģǵ˵ĵطȷҪһЩߵġ
ǻ漴ʧˣЦ»صϡҲɣְֻǵȦڻСϸϢ

ȡˡһƺЩ⣬˸Ƿϣʲô죿
ţҲϸϸȥȻЩѰ񣬵Ӳͣǡ
ƿӣͷٻʢȴ˿ҪȡӪļƣصЩɧӦҲ졣赽ͷ̽ȥֻӪѴ䣬ױԶԶΧʵҵ̤ѩϣҲ
ֽһƣܵܵı֣ƣ
硣ǰûֻһ彣۾ҲǽŽ䱸
ָָͷôˣ
ǸܵŮɶԶٻķ򣬡һգϷӲ£ߵܵ·ϡδ˵꣬ȴȻнγʣ
ʲôˣǰ֮赾ܵܵһ۵漴ǻѹ۵صˣ֪кָڣ
һǣǵĸʥּİˣǵةɣʼֻǴֻԼˣԭҲּܹӽˣȻΣͷСֻҲδ˾ǵ֣½ɽ
ˣݣҲòͷ֣õĻ赲ɵ˿ƽ䵭񵹲ͻأ
ɲƽ䵭ȻĮȻ˵
Ǻ͹þ֪ЩŮǺͷ
Ůδ𻰣Ѿһƣ쳤˲⿴Щױ֮ûһӣȫݸŮһҵĺغƤãִѣ䵶ǿ󣬰ããѩϣƾǹһһյòãǡ
ðΣһѽ̻سȥ˿и֮⣬Լ˵ͷȻתȥشɵ⣬
ǸܵĺŮסѩɽԱӵΪΪˮݶӣΪʮϣߣưܣ۵ģƺܣ´򣬶ŮͨʱԷΣţΪܵһ壬뱱൱
ϢĪǵ˵
ǻȴһİУƺΣָأнصĳϣƺڴʲôƱԹȴԤϡ
赽ɵļȥһнٻͷһػ͵ĳ顣
ҲͲʮˣûǲ˸ܣ޳ս֮ˡ
ܵø䵭Ǻ
ֱʣܣôأ
ðľʹˣҪƽãû취ҲֻøǮҪٸ١ǵĹܣɱҲʼ
δɾôشģֻҹɫͻȻһŮľУô㣿
һֱŵҺȻʵƵƮŮ֣
׽
赴δֿ˵ΣȴҲһԼûвݡܺǲӦУܽɽӣرʲսȮδͣ
漴뵽ǵܵʶλŮԭ򣬸ο鲻ںܺ෽ڶʼ
ȻôôıŮһ˫ǳɫɫ۾
ǻڴȻһ߰СôڼϵḶ̌һߴ΢ЦͷĶȻ˺ܵͺܵ͵еʧԣգһ˫ɫӣ
ֹһŮһڼžҹɫи߸塣
Ƕÿ
ĻµʱĻɰͦúֱ赴˫۾￴˿ߡŮȻһ䣬
ʲôʱ
Ǽ̤ڵϵڶһ£ͷҲתܿ졣
Զˣ෽ؽ磬ҹڵīֻſŮԶȥ˼Ϳˣֻһ΢⡣
Сˣ走ѰԴ̽ȥͷ٩Ȱĵܵȴҡҡͷ̾˵Ǵ鷳ȻֵЦʱͷװŭص
С΢;еͳǰµµǰ˺£˿֪

 3 

ҹžŲ顣
յĽֻмյûɵػȥһֻֻڷкץӣذȱأȻ֦ͷҶδ価ϲһƬѩֻһƬĵʯ壬ɵƵӰһΡ˿˶ȥ˹ݡ޵һ֮⣬û̿šϾĵأֻżϸϸĹ˿񣬺;ҹѵѻ
赵ͷߵĵܵܺãЩɫ񻹺ãЦɫ˿Ҳɡ
ܵܳʱʮĴѩ͸ź죬Ұ˰ûһ˿ɫָС֡ѩҲǰжı飬мѩĺӡΨиԼЦʱ򣬲ܿСӡ
صʿڳſھͻȥֻʣ¼߲иңˣǲҲϡЩһû˴𻰣ֻһ顣˵͵Ӧһǡ̾¶ı飬ֱͦͦߣǹǦģ
СãοһͺˣΣܵðס¡
һڳǣɫ׵ΪǴһȳصţǵһЩƻԳǽ֮ð˳Щ̶һطţһЩڳǹ֮Ʋͬ
һƫլͣ£Ҳ˵һ仰ЩǾͿʼٵÿ°ᣬʶǳ׵û˷ɫǸʵڷŸ˼ƽϡ
Ҫ³ڵʱȴȻһִֻбסҪǺ͹󲻵á
ǣƢҲòŬѹŭµɷЩʱ䰲
Ҫλֻǰƽظһ飬͸ûбƺǲʩǸˡִţ
һĸ߸ϣޱ飬ǣֻûǷϡ൱ǵ泶ȥ෽죬Ĳӥ̤ڵմѩ࣬·ЩսܵĹӹԲһЩ֪޾ľʯȨ롣
ǻڶ˶̧̧֣ɫҹɫιһӰһ³񻨵Ŀ򣬡֪ˣȥ
ܵܰǵѾҪ˯ŵСѣž°С¶ɫοһ̾ͺˡ
޾ҹֻţͷһ·ͨִµ˾٣Ŀ⾼
һ࣬üۺǸ߸ϵľƣֻǸЩɫ԰ףһͬŵģʶɡ
λӺһλվڽµʱ򣬳ǵ˵ͷʾԼѾ֪ˡ
֮δٵȴֱֱסһ̾
뱱жʮˣҲˡרעضŻ㵹㸸ļӣ
ر£Ǳӡ
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̫ӼʣǸ˻ˮȻˣǰƳҲý˭ϵִԲ뿹⡣
赲֪¾Σ͵͵ڵקһѻӣʾҪ˵ܹܵȻѸ˼Ĭ
һ֪ͣϸϸ鿼˵ҪЩȥȴԶûǵĸϣͦúֱ˵ųܿܵưִµƶǹѹû赼޷ղǾ仰ֻõԼȥ
ҪǹƲĻ෽˿ȻǴѩɽˡңûǸηɵһ⡣
¼ǵһ㲻赹ش
ؿຮסҲá
˵һԭⲻظһ飬˵˵仰ԭǷǸ߸ϵһӨӨȼյ֮䣬ͷһߵıԽȾһ˲Խ׳һɫűصĺ΢΢ЦЦѣ
ﵹûѩϵƽҲҪˣǾס£͵ͷӹϵƽˡ
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ְת˵ķ
ûԵֶֻһӻδ꣬ʣ¾ճӣ鳤ꡣ
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ʱĵܻܵ£ֻһ촽˯ҡСС٣̫ӵĲ£̫ر
ǻ赼ǵãȻûˣȻ龫ҪǱһɾȴǼĹ£ЩѪӡӵĹ£ӸʱǴԽյĻ¶Ķԣ¡
ȴˡΪĵܵã
ղʮսὫţȨı֮ȴһϲͨ˭һ䵭
񣬸ʮ塣
ǶԶԸλյֻΣķء
Ȼڿͬ赼ЩľܵĵûǻȴʼնԼպյһ˿ɵ
࣬·е˫Щǵ۾
δ֮ʱ²ܷǻȥ¹ȻѹС
Ŀ⣬ס
ˡ˫۾ͻȻȾЩ⣬·ʲôʧȥȤҲˣǻȥЪšתԼĳӣ֣ǳȥǵ˲ҪߵʱȻָŶͷ׵˻һ䣬ӣˣ
ýŲһ£Щηشʮˣ¡ûõı飬ճȭͷս
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ע⵽иŮ͹˿Щսսģ·һСĴŭǵĽŲڵ϶û죬ȡ
ʱĵճӣȻҲǴݣʶȻܸǼһ𡣻ע⵽˩һö׵񻨣ıﶼҪЩ
ƺҲ뿪˹磬һȫȻͬڡ
һһ£н죬ּ֮Ϊž赼Ҫ˯ˡȻһ£˯⣬ʶͦ⿴һۡ
ǰǻʹԷߴĽѳڹ½͢һ,ǵͣ
ʳüͷɨһۣǱͣȫûһ˿졣
һЦ˽̽ͷǴкһɵųأ䣬Ҳʮӳ˿ٶԭȵ᯼š
¡ɨ΢΢һЦȵں󴽱ߣ
ĪǱĹǵˣ
ǹⲻֻ΢΢תѻ¶
и۹ɨһɨЦЩ٬ص
˽νĺɫ⣬ڿδŮˡ
赾ذ˵ףǵ
ɨһۣƥͬһߵģɹԷ͢ȴֶ뾩ӣͻҪ󳼣˿롣
Щ֣һ䣬
»赣գ
һЦŻشЦ湫У
ؽߣӣҸͬ񣬳˵𡣡
پǡ
ؽϡ
˵գҲֻͣǶеȣǱһĨǳЦ
ˣҲЩȥС紵š
ǵµʱ򣬻起Լգգ۾
ЩʱҴҸȥ̽Ǻ͹
һ仰ޣҪȥ׽ʱǾ仰ѱҹ紵ɢ޷׽Ӱ١

 4 

ݼľȻڹҲߣ
һͼ飬ֱۣߡÿݼҪĳһŵʱֻҪһȥɾѸٵҳһʮǰദʱӣ
һǲܳĹӣһа겻ڹһĻţƶвŻʽ
ֻѾˣȵ꣬ѲѲ˴ӪȥУ֮˳ְѵĿɿʱԼҲһֳͷϢ
һĶϹ˲ɣ෦ˣøţ
ûݼͷ乬ˣֽĶһʱŵû⣬̧۾໥ʱȴСˣĬĬرһ£Ҳֻŵӡ
ֽ˹˳ֹסĶѣЦ⣬
οΪǣ
ҲǾҪˣ΢Щʶᣬ˶ˡ
ʾ⹬˿Ҳһޣһʱ۴ôĻ𡣡
ɫҹˣյò裬ٱҹһ˵һ߷ֱЩ·Զۣüͷ
Ҫʱŵˡ
ݼɫЩһ˿Ц⣬٩
ҹëûģڹСĻҲҹźţȻµةҪƽ
˶ӶЦƽһϣһ࣬ҹĹУȴܸоʱ˰ѱͬʱµһů꣬ͬǰĲһС÷ӣȡ
ֻѵһ仰ֽʵɽҲ
ϵƱˣؼ̾Ϣһ
ֻ֪°ֵ֮˳Ƶۣ˳
ϵıɲϤġ緢أ
һž޿ڽɣֻʣǰӵ
ɵĻشȻɫڸԼҲιһŶ裬
֮ʵҲ
ɰָڲ谸ϣһĲֱðӲݼ˾ִٵӣ˿̾ݼվѾˡӢͦɳڣ˥ܣޱǰ״
ͬӥһĿ⿪ʼҲ㣬׳Ҳٴӿ¶ַ˷Ƕѻɽ顣
سƳҲɰһЩ
ֱһĹĵͼ۽ɳڵشɨһۣһͥؽͼ
áҡҡͷ
ôҪ˱ˣݼҪЩŭ𣬵Ȼһ̧֣˵
価ȴȻķ෽ԭǱԭȱǡˣǴʤ֮ϥ¶Ů뾩Ϊʣֻʱ޿̾ٱ뷴
кܵŮ˵ɶһ£еŮǵɪǰԺԶ޵ˣѾԼһӡ
˵ȥŽ棬޽ף֪ͼС
֪ݼȻЦ
ͷһˣǰɪŲʮ꣬һŮȻͼȻң
ɵԳмֿɰʱ
ֱߵĵͼʱСö΢΢һЦ
ͥƫԶȴ߽գսʿϰˮսڵĳлʵɹҲ㾡ģɳͥһ˷ģʮ֮ڣ¼Ҳκβãؽϡ
Ϻ꣬ɲ⡣ݼۣһֵڶͷϣȻ뵽Щʲô
ߵǸӣذݴãϲƣˣ߹һǧͿ⾹Ҳ
ɵвͬĿ
ֻ֪⸱ӣǱˣǹǿ
˱ڴʱҹݼ￴һۣһ͸ˮ̸ǰִӹнһֵݸ
ûͷûԵʣǱĹΣ
ſӵڿ˰̣Ѱ˼һΣȷʵǺƷòѣȻֳţɵʶȴҲˣҡŮ
ݼ˵ĻϣǾ仰ƮƮĶ䣬ȢعΪ̫Σ
Ҫ˵⵹Ǳߵһ塣
üͷĶ棬ݼЮһСƬеñЩ͸ˮ̸⣬ûͣǲͷĻ
෽Ӫ꣬ȻܣɱϾҲ̺ڰ׻ǰлһӱ飬ذб䣬ؿָġ
ˣܽع޸ӣȵӱ֮ʱغ෽֮ͬףзģҲϲ᲻ֶΣֻǣ
Ȼ¿ӣЩؿԼѣ
ϾͲȢµ⹫
ݼȻ̾ӲãǳὫµһľɫŮӼ޸һ˽ûˡ
ʧǲĳӣһֱһʵ
ôԸأ
ݼһЦڴˣ޲øǳһˣñŮƽ
ʱʧ֣硰һ˫˫أۼֿŮ̼æȥ
紵˵ͷһöɵͲ˽
ݼҲӣֻ˵ֿһۣʾֱӲ˿
ʵǲţֻһ̵ĿѶ
£ϢˡҲѾˡ
õ
ݼҲÿӣָͷһķУ֡ΪԵĶɵ΢΢һЦ
ֻɹˣȻɼȷʵûзġ
ݼΪ⣬
˵Ǹ߻ŵҲүִⲻϳףҪλӾ͸ܵƽš˵ͲýݣĳͥúɽɵӺŮȥء
ҲŲɵӣ
һŭؿ³ĵУԵͻأбƼļˣĵˣȴʱ΢Ц
תȥ쿪ֱۣһСɵӰ˽С
ľЩεЦЦ
˵˶ٴΣ׼ڴܣοѾôˣĸ˯ġ
ֻĺһͷڸﲻΨ仰ŴһϮ̧ͷ۾ŸףֺСȴЩĹƻ
ĸ˵ľ˯ˣ͵͵ܳġ
޷ˣ޲ǡݼǸСԴ˫գգ󴽱ߵЦ⼸Ҳ̲סҪ΢Ц
ϥûŮΨѵСӣʱܵ˿ů
˫ǳ۾תˣʯһ貵գţ࣬ҪȥˡӸϥϻܵߣһָľʱ򿴼ͷˣ䡣
عͷȥҡݼ
ݼһɣҲһ΢Цĺͷðɣ¡

 5 

赡ͻˣտüЩšһ˹߽ڣ˿ɫްߺһѩ
Ȼˣȴؽڼ󣬴ʱһˣеĵҲϨţȻǺɫֻһε̵ᣬſԴĴС
෽ĺӣ෽λӺ͹ĴθʶСţֻ˵Χ˳
˼£ľ˻ٵϵ
ʮǣԼĶʱ飬ѡһļܵؿЦ,ϲһ˳ԡ
Цڻصıѩ
ͨԺڴǰͣȥأһֵĴޱߵļžһƿȴţһģ˻Ƶġ
۵Ĺ˲͸룬ٲɵֵ̧ϣ۾һӦѩϴ۵ķ⡣
һסһ򿪸ԺһȺСŸʽɫ޵·ѩ˵ĺӡ
һŸɫ۾СһŰߵٵǰЦЦֽݸСҲˣһ§סĲصһڡٶ
˭ҵĺӣ
Ұԭ̺֣ҰϷġ
Ϥĳƺһιʵ˰̣ǿŹЦһ£Դ
ˣȥɡ
Сﻶˣ֮Ҳ첽߿ˡͣǼǰûٶ룬ߵߵ֮󣬾˽ȥ
޼¶ȣӻǶһǧ겻˸һȥô˸¡˶̧ͷķٵ
ϣס
ֻ򣬻΢Цһ£˵ͷĹޱ˿˿׷·ȥĲǶ̶죬Ǽ꣬ʮꡣ
ϴĺܺڻϣֻЩһѻﵹһͭ¯ҲûеϥͷŻŵĻƤáΨһɫ
ţȻصͷû̧
Ϻ͸׻Ҫ£
෽һûд°ܣֲš෽ûд򣬾úȻҡ
Ǵ˿̣ĳӻѾԶأּѵԿܲɣٲ⣬Ȼʵ
кηԸ
ѾЩϵϣһֳΪɫܿ࣬侲ʾݴļþõע٣ֱֳĬעĻţ֮ʱճ̾
˵ţڰƸˮһ˫Ϊ֮ƣֻڹУſɱһʧ
˲ȥϺ͸ҪͷҵǶ˫ӣǲǾζţٲǴˣ
ֻϾΪʣֲǲٻ
죬ʶҪԼ磬ֻһֹ
𣿡
ټѵһ£ˡ
׵˵ܵ˵仰𣿡
һ룬ǵͷڸ߳ȥվڱԡú멣ͦúֱָڱ۾鶳ꡣ
ʲô뷨˵ա
ҡپԼĸףδ˵ÿһ£հ졣ȴڳˡΪҲȻԸⱳԼˣԸⱳѻ赡ͻ
ԶİƸˮȥҵǶԲ֪˫ǣǱѡ
ţڸ׵Ŀеͷȥ
ΪΪ˾ٲס
û𻰣ںԺ֣Լ˵
Ӻ͹ȻΪʣɱش˵׻Ӧ곤Ļ赹ӡο赹Сڴ򳤴䰮ΪóȻѰλδǹصĹȡ֮ʡ
õأ
ٳţʱԼ˵ǲԼ⣬õ赹ӱ顭
ôڼ䣬ȱٴĲȣõأһذб䣬Ӻ͹ǰΣݣϹٳ£ָ֧õأ
׵ΪƽЩᡣвݷȷȻʹٴͷ˽ţͷ۾ԼĽż⡣
ֱǳһһ΢ᣬЩȰ˵ζ
δҪ赹ȡ֮٣ˡңϡǶñضһݱϣɱȨ֣˳⣬Ѳ
һַٵļϣǿò̧ͷŸףӣ˵Ļ𣿡
ٿɬ̧ͷֱŸº͵ݣݾܾҲںЩɿݣ
ס
׾ͺá׼ŵ̾һ
Щ󳼵ĺ͹ܻͨҪ̫̫СҪͲͨλӵȥ˷ҡ֣صؿ٣
Ҳȥˡ٣¹رΣ֣𣿡
ٵɫѾƽˣش
ԸͶǰƸˮ
ǺܵأѩɽһǧСġǹصƣ֮һԸֻԼȥѦѦֱá
ˡ
úӡһص׵˫Ȼɿվ˲ֱͦһļֻԼͷֳġֽѵԼ
δ۽ҲҪſЩΪҹ룬Сһˣﾴ赡ӺͻĻǲڵʱǡϽƬɽصȵģɺã
֪˵ǶԵģŴ֮УȴݲһС˼
óϷصͷǣʱͷԾ죬ӳѩϣŴ۵Ĺ⣬Ⱥȴ·𲻾ȻЦţš
Ҳ֣չ¶һ˿ΥЦ⣬
ȥɣϸǣ˵ȥ°ס
һ˽ȥԭأһḧŻĺ磬ϺƤӵĵطŮýȥļֻΩΩФСꡣ
ΪᣬԹۣȴܾǷݾ޴ʹ
ĶŮκ˶ҪƽƽػصҪȾͲΪκеľż֣֮òϥ
ԽǿԽԱ˿ƣԶ޿ĹӺ͹ǣԽȫ
°ݵڵأ
ټ̶ΪѰذƸˮλӣұضʹ
ױοؿţĿЩȣܿڻЦݡ
á
ȥҴҴԺã֣ûʱ俴ˣܿ˳ȥ

 6 

ҹ硭Ƿȥ𣿡
-ذѾסЩʱգɻٳȥ߶ʲôϰߣ̫ʪϿ࣬ܳȥ˳ԣûӥ¹ѩûһϤȰľ
ֱգǲ⹬ӹ硣Բȥֻ뾲ض￴飬ȫЩİŮװԼû뿪硣
ǳֵͷ
ȥչ黹Ҫȥġ
ֻŪͷԾǸߵСŮůɢͷűĺ⣬ǱܵأǸط
ֿᣬɫ䵭򶨣·ʲôġӦǴӲµġ롣
վֳǣǸط
ڸ߸ͬľһ˵ϾɣҲüĿ͵ĳ䣬ĿںԶĵطˣżϵĿûһ˿¶ȣĸһڿһ֪޾ľʯ
ĿͬʣסҪתߡ
ûߣֳ˵ͷԼڿտĴƮƮشͬʯһ
֪ˣȥ
û˷ԸŮ촫ŵ˳ȥٸǺǮֱ͸Ǳ׵λϣǰϸʽڱδĲȣһֱǸʱȴʼոеԼ·ڸ߿գһ壬ǽ̻Ի͵Ĵ֮С
ָȻһůĶסͷȥĴֻȻΣȴӵڻڵ͵͵
̧ͷ·һЦЦ˻صڵļ
ҪĿȴ·ֻͨһ磬ȴ֮ⲢԵĴ󳼣һССģԼĺӣʣµֻбλӺһ
һ˫۾ȻˣƵأĺѸپͱ亹͸ˮʪֱߵϸյ͵͵ӻġ
¹۱ׯţͬѰµĳδ䣬֪ԸҶڣʹص뱱޺ã
Դ󾪣һ˫۾ɺһ仰֮ٲҲҪȥѰֳǵĸοǴ˿е鲻Ȼ򾲶١
ǶԣȫǸڴ֮⡣ԮĿһҶûڴСۡ
޴ʱڶһ˫۾˿Ψһ¶ȵģһ㱯ͬ顣
䱾ˣһ˫۾ͻʱ򼸺ЩС
ҲѾ亹͸Խ˲Ҫյһϸ̵ɫл䣬õϸյ߬ﾹͬһ㡣ɿһΪΡ
÷ϲ
Ӧֻߵһ
ߣȻ䵭ʣ֪ΣĻﲻʣֻƶ
һ˿ԳĿЦӣʶ̧٣¡
ְסԼ֣һԸҧ촽»֬Ѫߵ⣬ζ΢΢ࡣ
һϦ֮ϵ۾෽̤ããѩԭӢˬĶʱ飬֪ѣҲӥĴƮڵϣɫë֯ߣϺ׵ëֶʮĹϸߣ෽ģһڵأȻ̤ࡣ
ãԼ򾲣ֻβǶЩ΢Ĳ
εºβţд˵ȸѡȻ֮
һֳڵһ˲䣬ԼҲˡһȥͥ׵ĺزкɲ˵仰Ȼһվֳǲŵ۹⣬Ҳ޾ɫؿ䣬˵ͷĿʶش̽Ų
̾䣬ƺڳʶʱ񶮴壬
ȻѶǱɲʣΪȥλ󣬲õһߣҲͨ׮ϲ¡
ͷʩһĬĬΪԼһƣü֮һƬȻ̧ͷ֮ʱǡɶĿ⣬ûпעϯｻǿϲλ༫뵽Ҳаţ˵
ӴԺ෽رһ´ˮԵͬ
ȴ籱ѩҪ޸ˣò͵ĳӣҲһ˫۾ֻһ棬ʶ
Ļ価һƬţʼԶҲõشʱȴȻ͵ڶǻشȴҲʮֻּ̣ĸ֣Ȼ
֣ˮƻιһ幤µĻӰһ
񽫾ƱķһһζĺտȥǺԲֹᶼҪһ£ĬĬһ
Ŀбӣ֮ǰעƺֻǻԼĻþ
ȹȥ㣬ɲ ԽԽãҶˣһţ෽һѳ֮أҸ²ﶼѿ
Ҳ߯Щ̧һЦһڴߣĵһ˫޷ǷֻСŮɫЩϣ
ҵȹ ٴ顣෽д׵ĹѵȻأѵȴ򲻸Ҷ
֮أԭΪҲЩװˡҲʡʵʲôô
ɫȻ˿δĻϣɴŲмҲףλӲһԼ˵ˡǻ˿̲
Ȼеġ΢̧°Ǵ۾ȴֻӳҡҡλһ̲ӰӰذѩ̾
ؿຮŮ˴ףʱȻǴѩɽ²ûʶ̺˴첻ɻ顣ת޾ɫؿ䣬ﾹȻмԵĹʣ
֪̫ܲӦס
νֻǹԼţˣƢҲ仵Ĵùͷ˿һɢʱҪ׸Ƕ֮Ӧȣʧˡ
߿Ųû˿ûи飬첻⡪һԼϡһûи飬첻⣬Ը޸ããѩԭ
֮⣬

 7 

ΪδӦϽ侲Ķܣͷһǰʧ̬תŻ˫۾ɫȴܸӣۣŶԼ𱸡
ſҪ˵Щʲôʱֺγˡ
ֻǲʮСã˫ɫ۾λֳµСǿɬЦݣʲô취أ
ܻа취ġǴ˿ԼԼĻתͷȥֻһֻ§Сüϣ
෽ȥƬ͵ҲԼá
㲻Ҫǿ
ǳϵǣǵСúȻ˺һ˿ıӻǸոմϴһϮҵıȹջδ¡ŮǸո˵ƣȹձҡҷţ赿Ů߸վŵӰӷ·ȼա
һļڲʮؿһأ
Ըޣһܱ෽ҹ
˵Խͬݺ̾
赿Ȼû⣬벻׵֪»θ룺谮Ůûܼ޸ֿѵĺӣ緢꽫ûڱصѩԭһҵİȴҪµأ޸İӡ
ܾܾΪܾ޽֣صҰƽԭ֮ҲضҪȼս
룬ǻһôʢĹ飬ֻٲΪĳ֣ѭ෽ĹϷף´Ͻһ飬¿ĸ÷ķޡľ
ֻһޣ컹ûʱĶܱԾɰϰߣŽȥԺˣֻнŲƺЩ
ٵΰʹˣǻûлˣҲڷûгֻ˽Ѿ˵ķʳȥţ׼ȥ￴ãȻٵѻл
ĶȴһŮĴֹסˡ
ӣһԳؽߣӡ
ߡճذʱλؽĹӣ
ŮڵŻػֻõͷɡ
߽Ȼȣ۴Ц⣬Ц͸һ֮ζû赿͸Ծ˲裬Ȼվ֪⼸Σֻÿɵۡ
ңҲ޻˵ֻ裬Լȡ
ĬԽԽܵʱ򣬻̲ס˿ڣ֪ؽǲӹʲôҪ£
ӣ΢΢һЦûʲô£ֻǼҸ˵Сָ˻,ǡ
Ϣͨ
촽Ϊؽ¡
ɫؾıڼ˸Ȧ
ҸӲãӼżȻ˵£ίʶһͰҸϽʱͬ鲻ǳ෽ҲסһʱգǶǵԼСġ
һ£ص
ҪؽˡͷӻȥӸ˵öãĪҪ
ȷԴذ֮յĵһ˵⣬ˣ赱Ȼɫ
Ȼ߷ﱭӣ¿ˣ
δֻռһ档赵ͷʣ
ɶ˵ʲôûУ
ûСôﲻ𣿡
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˵ʶõױǾЩһվҲһЩ
ΪһˮԸꡣ
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۶ˣ̸ʫ֣вͨвᣬʼ̵̫ةָڡѹ
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һǳҲֻ˵һةָڣһȴӦǶ£Ȩޣ֮λҲǳٳδҪˡðǰ෽ѡǺγ彫ȻպգҪĲھ
ͲǱϧǰͶ赻⣬ȴ˵ƣĵط
ҲɡйؽҲ˵ƣҲҲ£ֻԼѰ˼ȥ
ߺȻৡһȣ÷һ˫һƵ赣ʮٵЦ⣬
ʵҪȤˣһʧƣ̩ɽҪĺˣȻǡֻСףʲô˵Ĵùͷ
ֳһ𣬻̧ͷԼĵܵܣԼߵĵȴΪȣһʱվſڣҲǣҲǡ
Сӡվһ񣬻Ψʣһ彣Ҫ˸óȥɻ赻ܣһݲỤ̊Ҳûһ̺š
߿ҡһͷ˲䣬סӻǳҪλŵùҸѡõ
ǵˣͶӷġ
һЦԼֵܵĽߣкĨһյĺˮڸߡҼҲ֣ȥ˻ƴǵ鷳
ȻмǸλؽӵĽվǳҲҰ˾ŵߡ
Ȼףȴ塣һ뵽ûбһʹǱһεҶӳ۲
ֻί
ҪС˵ĻҸҲܷˡ
ֻ֪ӵϢӺδ
ȻܹϢĵط߶գգ۾ұǸвӣʶϲĴ߿ʲô˼˵Сһ˵ҾһҪ⣬Ҳȥǡ
˵Ҳ¾˼ˡλӵȥôͿ
΢΢һЦݻص⸮һӦһҪţҲ룬Ͳ֪ڳǺʱˡҪ˵ҵĸȤҪǼӲԴҳȥһߡȵؿһ
Ҳף¸ҸҲס͢лԷҲ㣬λӲ˿һͺá
²豭ûվ˶ѣ۹ԽԳʿϡ
ҵĻҲ˵ˣֻǿǺ͹ȻλãҵҲͷˡҪû£ĳɾȸˡˣҼүӻҪҸ߹Ǻ͹ڴ˴ʲôѵģҲҪ˼ˡ
˵ٴһ̣ƺڵŻûʲôĻ˵΢һ£Ȼ
Ҳô
⻰˵ãɽسʪҸϺÿҪذסЩ꣬þƺ⣬²ͷֻȻԸţ⶷Ǯʲôؽأ
ߴЦƮȻȥ

 8 

úܿ죬һֻԼһ˵ʱΪɷİѾվǰ
Ҳһ̩ȻӳָʹŮСūػذᶫʱ򣬾ٶ֮û˿Ȼ
ͥվţ俴Լ
ǰԼ͵ǰڣصĹأδɻ֮ʱǲġ
һͺˣ
һ䵭صˣôһ仰תȥ
οѾ¶˾ģȻϲΪ෽ԼϷҲҪס
룬ֻתһۡ
֮δڻûôĽڻǰŵ˵
˵˴ֱֽʹ͹˸СūʹŮѾ˰ȥˣҸסЩ裬Ҳ֪ϲʲôͼЩµĺõԤźūҲ
ʹ˸ɫһŮ̺һСū߸ŵ߳
һһŮ귽ʮ£ģüãֻŮ̫䵭ЩȻһ˫ɫӴŲ˿ı֣ɿ˵ʱĵİмơ
ü۷ǳĪ磬ۻɫɴ˳һδŻĻ
ԭҸµĹŮֻƽòôź򣬾ɣɻֽҲɾٴͷĹ򡣡
ָָһкԭҲǸҵģôЩһֱľȱ֣СūãǵҴϪѡġ
ˡһͷŮ̱ԶԾվ
ǿЦȻǴɫģ֪ƽﶼôƺǵģҲңҺӡ
ʹŮ㣬кҵ֣ʶֻսз
۲һתҲվ˹ȥֻǼзִվ뻳ԶĵطϽǰɫ࣬Щӵģע⵽һʼվԶ
֮εĳĬ
һ䣬أ˶ŮˣҲҪȥлġ
߬סԼ½ǣлˣǲ˻ȥ֪̾ȥ
Ҿţ˵ҪҶͬȥǿ΢΢֮ɫսѹŹǡ
ϲң֪ȻҶָ˻飬Ϊľ෽սˣҪΪϷҲٲȥԼҲȻŮ޸˭飬ɲԼ
ȫûвʵȰ档
ʹ·ģϷȻˡ䣬˵ɨߣţŲĵطȥ
ߵߣ˭۸ôվڴ
Ҫ෽˵أѩﲻҲվˣʱԳչЦ⡣
˵վѩŪٲ̲һ䣬ɫݡ
෽Ļﲻһɵ񣬳֮ûκιԻ˵Ҳͬˡλֳ˾֮񣬻Ҳղ˵Ļתһ顣
ĬΨ赵˵ͷȥɡ
һ·ߴ԰ߣŮ׷˵ԶĵطţǴҲԸģԵĲۣΨҪͻһлϣܿʲô˼
ʱǳʱڣ԰滨ݶ価һֻηؿţѾЩɫǿƼ󣬼µҶͻ
һʱЩԣԶѾע⵽ںͷ
Ų˵ʲôһͯͻȻð˳
ֳ಻ʮСкײײܹ
ֳȥ
һײ仳߼˳ֵرǷ۵СڶŪһС
ľʲôģôҲֳĪǰҸˣ
кֳĻ߬Сȭͷһҡͷ·Լ䱧԰ߣǳǳЦš
ͷֵܣ䲻ǻкȻһͷū
ȥԼʮ꣬޷Ѿȫףһֻֻʣ۰ףһֻ۾ͬƬҲ̸ͬ䣬ԵޱȡкһŻһЩģ־䣬ʱ˫ü·ŭʱϲЦտȻҲѡ
ͻȻ˳
Ȼ裬ȴδˣֻǽӶڽ׵Ļϣ߶ʲô
ʲôˣһ䲻Ϊʣüͷ
ǹľɳͭ˶˵֮Ůʹ˷ˡҸϧŰڹϥֻһӣҲǼġ
һɨչѩ
µ߳͵ͻһǡ
ǸߵʹӽԴӣҲһ£ü۸ɾ˳Ⱦ
俴üȴӶ
㸸״ߣﾪŹ
չѩ߹ȥᳶסӵȰ߰ɣס
ȫʣһøɿݵִŽĻ꣬ڵƤͰɫĻһγɼΪĶԱȣҲ֪òȡ˲ף⻭ȴʹûɵظеһꡣ
ǳªūչѩķܵǽǰҪѡ
߲԰׵ʱŭȾһĨѪɫ
ȥ۾±ܿǸǵˣüչѩֺһѾȾĺɫȴ䲻ڵһס½ǣ¼Եӡӡ
򲢲ֳӶҲһʼǸªʱȷЩţ˿̣ūɵģһЩ֮顣
ͭ˶ͻûȥôֻǱݲеòˡһչѩҲ͸ԼĶͷ·
ūץչѩ½ǣﺬ߶ʲô̲סȥȻֻģģֱͭͭͭ˵ֵʱʣֻǵ۾йʣ·־ͼֵǧ
ɹע֮չѩȴ˿ҴҶŻŸ԰ĳȥˡһ·ûⳡ粨ֻɫʼղ
Ǹ߸ϵ䵭طԸϦҲҪˣЩӾڹͬסѧЩ˴֮գΡ
ʱü۶δ̧һֻ̧ӦһºݺԼһֻסһֻ̫ˡ쵽ʱϼһƬհס
֮Ķûܾܳãոճ˻ϽڹȥûԶԶں棬ֻǿŮԸһ䣬Ҫȥ
ЦһҲʾǰ·һ·ϲ໰ŮСĵɫ̤ϹʱС˵
²ǿֻͬЩϣǰЩЩִ˿Ҳ
һѵĸ
ǸܵŮϣǴĸ
գǵĿЦԼеĹֶġԼӣҪùˡ
˵ͷ֪ˡ˵ɣǰ·
صĹϵʱһ͸ʶ⿴ȥֻѩƮƮƴһЩ˳ббķϡ䣬ϸ飬ᡣ
Զ෽ǧ֮ذ˵һѩ
һѮǳϦ

 9 

Ϲȥ㹧ظں档ΪڹпһЩϤıغ͸װΣˡһȳض޴ľ֮һͬЩĹҡ
żܸߣֻʮ꣬Ҳ̫ߣ̧ȣСؿȥоԼ⹬룬żһŴ˵طվŲ࣬ҲҪûע⣬Ų壬վܲڡ
ڴʱסûյ⹬ﾹҲʼһ
г磬ȫȻİĵطֻҪһƽࡣ
վżİŮеصعС۾ںڣƤ϶òϸ֫áǶؾشɫʯɫѣҲһӦصطףǳˣú塣
һŮõ߹
ͷ
֪ˣȥɡ̧ʾǰ·ָȴ΢΢ԽߣЩɫͫʵŮͷɫ޵·޸߸߶ţѻɫߡ
ⶼǸ׽Ůһͬܵġ
ţͷСߣ⿴ǷϴŽͺΣڵƹһһ۵Ĺ⡣
߹ţͽ棬ȻѾǶ죬ûӡ
ԼǱˣ˾ذĶ첻䣬ţλ󣬴Ҳͬĸܡ
߸ߵһŽ˿ϣַο̵ССԧͷŮǶ껨ò񻨺ĹװλͷҲԷͬơһͷӥŽһִһɫ̽ӣһ̺
̧ͷڿʱ̲סһ£ǸƯŮˡüޣ۽΢΢ۿͫǲĽɫ
۾ĸˣô٣ûһ˫ܱĸǡ
һѿеĵûʹĵʡ
ţظȥ
񣬼
һֱ齴ͷ΢΢̧̧һ£
գվŸʲôһ·߽ˣذңúܣ̧ţҲߵ·ԡ
ڣȫǱ˵ģ֪δ빬֮ǰǺܵŮϣԼгģңԶذϤԾ̲סһп
ŮǺɫԸæ£лǰ벿֣Բȫ
ʲôʱ򵽵ģ㣬磿
һ£صˡ
ˣ
ʮ塣
̫Сˡ̾ϢҡҡͷҿڼϣԼӦ˱ָ£ô˵أ
û뵽⣬һʱԣ־úʧ񣬷·ǧâڱ̵滨ľΣҲֻձ亹ӱһһ
Ż£⻰Ҳޱ˼ֻ㲻֪޽ңʲôĴ£ʶһʣ˶ѡ̾˿
С֪ǶôһϡܺͱصĶԹȻսϾϣҲԺΪһСŮӡ˵̹ϣľԷԲҽȫΣֻʵ棬
ǳһ˵ľ볼λ綼޹ϵ
㲻һӴѻرأ
Ĵһջʱ޲УֻǸᶨһٲ˿ɣ
ܼңǻֹ֮෽սˣǻ֮𡣡
һ̾
СȴļʶҲǻŮˡֶ˶˿һת˻⣬
˵ص񣬻ǰŮҪżͬסһʱ䣬ЩӣҲֻˡ
סէϸСģֻͷһա
ˣԼȻþǡ̺ŮʹҲֽģ󷽵ĸȥϹԺһţҲס¡ˣ˵һҲȥ
л
΢΢һЦҲ໰ʡðšɫ磬ǲȥˡ
һأֶ
صڣûҲȥߣͷŵ٣ֲ㣬Ĵ˽ţͲˡһʱ˽ر˵ͷѩͽ񴩴ţһ·ͳȥ
ԺԶֻѩʪŮ㡢ǰ·ںУһ곤Ĺţһһŵſڡűرѩ˾Ө͸ҶҲ˪ѩף򡱡ˣԼˮƣˮϴ½ʱվ󣬸жȥͷ黨
һ㶵ڲѩʪɳɳ죬ߡ
һ߸ͷȻһ
ôˣŲӣҲûͷֻԴɻʵ
ԭȴͷһֻӣ񲻼ˣǶȥˣ
Ȼͷ涼ҿ
Ըͷβҡһֻֻһֻ̣һ쿴
񷭿ȷֻˡʱһһٴΣΨһֻЩﳣţǳָǽ̡Ψһˡ
뵽һܵίӿͷҲ˲죬ѾȥţҲմʪһ롣
ȰģСĿ޻ӡʱǼλڣǶڹĴˡЪϢƽ˲˱£ûмŵġ
ŵ˻ᣬվæʵˣĶȥ
ǽҳ򲻸ҶˣҲֻһˡ
ŮȰһأҲûȰסֻû;ζĽη̧ţһһµȥˡ
ذϦ֮ǰһ죬ΪУˣȫҪأ̻𣬶ˮʳ
ʱѾҹⶼδƵƣֻЩΪۡԤȽɸʽ޵Сƣ׾ڸܷĽ˸ɫĻ硣⿴ȥֻЩʽȡɵСƸ磬ںҹУ˵Ĺɲ
æӣͻͻͣ
µ˽Σ̺չѩţȴ˵һŲ˽ֻԼѰʧ½ͳһ
ȻǹżҪҶҲšֻҪһ˽ȥˡ
չѩֽ͵һϽǾҲ˵ǲҪ˽ȥ̺򣬾һ˶ҽȥġ
㡢Ҳ죬èƵز񲻺Ϊǣֻ̾һ˽ȥҵƻҡҷＸûһˣտյĻšһ·߹ȥҲֻԼĽŲڼžĴл졣֪Լ˶ãڿӰӰ´µĹû룬ƿű߽ڵ

 10 

֧ۡСƵķһǣҵĳ趼²ɣһСϰŴǰ䣬ʣһЩɢɢľһЩʿۣм¼ҽҩӡһûһ˿
Ĵǰһƻҵɴӣûһ衪ȱλӵķ仹Ҫء
ΨС輸ƿһ֧÷ѩһ㣬ȴδشŴ͸ϸѩ׷ϡ
Ƿ¶飬Ｋ䣬谵Ĺ߱ĵݡڸոսŵĵطվãٲǰУǸɴ֮ͻȻһǺ
ŵöһ
һְסؿڣŬѹͬʱŬȥڵϵһ顣
ƻڵӳ˻ӰӣһصؽռǾڵϣ
˶𣿣Ҹ߹Ƕͷţ
ţβصʹȥͽ϶ĿС
վԭسһֻĿͻȻͣɴӳǸݵӰᵹϲٶ
һæȥ۾΢΢һϲҰ׵ûһ˿ѪɫΨһĨ̬졣
ŵȥ̽Ķͷȴǰһľ뱻һס֮ûסʹһ
ۣüͷһȴȻɿҪȥСԱߵİ룬ȴкüֶû̧ˤȥĬջ֣۾Ъһֻô
ûȥ˹
ȴҡҡͷ԰׵ɫԭĮı飬Ҳڽë¿ˣΪŵüͣҪȥ˵ʲô
ˣе£ȥŸ
Ъһҡҡλεس壬վҪȴƿֻؿֱˤصȥڻһѣˤ
λһǿӲ޴룬мֲ̣㿪ڵҪʲôȥá
仺գ۾Ŭֱе⣬ãŻͷȥָ˸򣬡ƽճԵҩȡ
ȥˣȡϵĲ͸һʱȴҲҲˮ˵һֱ͸ܾɫ
ֻΪһ裬ҩȥȻʹ֮ɫüͷȴɿ
ҩһѡ»صǷЪϢ۾ö̡ǸҼˣСϵİҪĻ߰ա
˵仰ʱ۾û촽Ҳţƺѹʹ࣬ëͶһƬӰ˫ոݣߵ󼸺ӯһա
񣬹ȻĽ淢Ź⣬ǾɵСģתͷѾһȥ۾ţŴµĴѩ
߹ȥѴϣ壬ƫﴵ磬ҪҪ
䴭Ϣòŷţ༰ػأ飬빫Ҫ𡣡
˿ڴһ˱ҲֻһڣҪ⹬ʧơҳɻûˡ
֪Ҳ˵ˡеıӣոӿһⷬҭ˻ȥʵ㲡Ҳ֪𣿡
ⱾͲʲôҪĲ̥һ㲻㣬ңˣõŵȵڣڣٹҲûţȥ
˳Ĳ豭۾ѹһĨĹ⣬Ҳ֪ģ
Ż񣬼˵Ҳ治ɫͶ٣ֲʲô˵飬αҪġ
Щη۾Ĺ⣬һȴ˷ڵϵǾ飬һ£ֻЦһ
ұΪվǱصŮѩһ䣬뾹һĳⲡƽ˶㻹ʹӲܵȴҪлˡ
ЦǺÿòԭͣӦЦģֻϧ䵭񼴱ŸмЦҲѸٱճĮȻƽû
ʰǾԻ˰ڣȥգˣǻûף㲻ס
ҡҡλվһ̲Ѫ죬ϲЩһƿţ˷ѩЩְһ
չѩ⺰һ䣬ԭþ̺ΪԼʱ򣬱·ġտյһҲûСֽһһȴһκһܣǺӰֱֱ˽˵
ʲôˣȵǺӰشֱǵӰޱȵͭ˶
ķڣ˵Щ׵ķԷӿ粽߽ÿһضڵϡŲͭ˶ȴȻסѡ
ӡ١ӣسţ֮ûи飬ְȻطſ䣬ƿ֧¿÷˳档
ۿ÷סʶתȥһؾչѩһվſڣ΢΢Ǿ˶֮ѹ
ƽ壬ײǣڹɵʮȥ췣ɡ
չѩıһӱˣ÷ףҸʮίʵܲãʮܡ¶׼
ҲãʮȾ͸㣬˽ȥ
һ仰չѩȴͬʲô䣬۾һظĹ⡣֣ͻ֮ɫǵĻһʱֻ¿÷Ʋ˲Ҫȥһؽţңң
֣˦ֱۣϽȥҲѹͻطϹСչѩ̧ͷס׵ӦˣƵؿ˻һۡ
ͷ£ȸˡ
ͭ˶һȴɫ࣬ȴˡֻ֣ʱסչѩѣ߶ş֣̌ͭͷ͵͵Ż񡣡Ҹ֢֮ð֡չѩ˵ףǱصĹ£
ͭ˶ڨڨһЦĿ⡣
ѩ´ˣһԼ׼Լʱᳵĸ彣֮Ѿѩϧ֮鶸һš
ͣ½ŲչѩڵҼǵòӦųϹµ಻Զ㸸ˣ²ðôķѩ·ҵĳǾͳ˻ȥɡҲû˼ƽС£֮ǰĶػˡ
⣬չѩˡǳһЦֻ˵ģʹùĶ
ɫ̹ȻҪȰŸߣѩУܿѩΪһ塣

 11 

һݵܵúۣԭ֮ǰѾʼϸϸ鲽ԼĲȵԴĲݵ֮С
Ƭݳѩɽ£ԲﶼѩˮİײݡЩǲ¶ѩģѩµԽǵĳƾԽáʶڱѩĲɿɹǧţƥ
һһͷϣǴƬƬգͬסˮһγ͸ûһ˿ʡƶʵغƮͷϷɹͬһ̣һĨɴĻꡣ
еƲʶһ򣬽Ʈȥεģ綳ˮգǱ˭߬һ򲻶ϵƾͺһƬˮϡ
һһʪĿʱš
ǣڰɫĲݺѩмһһ٣ֿѩˮ֮·ŲݳСéɱȥ
˼죬Ѱĸ׵ϢѾһң֮ǰһֱһٶλɣǶӣǲѾ׷ĸ뿪˴˵ءȻԸ޹׶Ҳֻһ·ܵڣˡ
վס
Ǿ丽ܻϤٷʱûͣǰһΡ
˭֮䣬Ҽ졣Ȼæӷ£֮յضһ𼸺ǲͷƤ˹ȥ
ٲҵæժľ䡣Ҳʱ˷żˣ
һƤë丽ۣܳճ׳źȳţͫӥһƥΪѵõָܺ෽Ѫи֫ŵ㣬籱һߴ׳ʶǳˣҲصö
ٸܻˣŲæһ֮Ťһ²ΪƯضһ
˸ִһϣһʱ˭Ҳãƥ໥ΧŴתʹ˽סˡ
£Ҳ㡣ټѵؼôһ໰м˸ʣЩͷǸһ˫Ӳӵ۾û𻰣ĹҲû¡ֵȹһŻص
ƾʲô㣿
˵ɽţֱƥ˼žһԼĪʮͷŮԾǸܺڰײݵԳΪҵɫʣϲһ壬죬ɷදˡ
ͷÿŮһرִֵֺıԺ޽΢ףƤЩɳˣϡɼˣüĿ촽ţ÷ŭɫ١
ȫ£ʣײвŭ֮š
˵ĿıͲǣ˿һ˽Ȱ˳ˮ۵ؽ£ذһ࣬ңĽͫȻЩԥ긾˱̧
ɳ£㰢˵ľͲ𣿡
ֵһۣŲ鲻Ըط¹ԭĸһɵö࿴˼ֻۣ䳤嶼ԵϺţֻǲǷ˫ֵ̥ܡ
ʲôˣƸˮʲôʱŮѲǰѹһͷں档ʩһ
ҷҼϲǲǰѰһزϣԡָ޲Ӷص˸ۣȥ˵
Ůüëһ˵ô岻ģ˭֪ĸ
ֻε򡣡
Ůɫʶˣ߰ɡ
ҲǾԾˣȻ˵˼ҵķӦϣֲİЩ֪ĶԹٱ㲦ϣ
үҲޱ룬ֻٿһĺӣҲǺĵˣôҲӦ
ŮӲΪܵƽȣɫһʯͨĸСܵÿ죬⺷ɳθں滺УٲйͷϹ˼ߣŮϼӶɫŴսˣ
۰СӣϧǮŪɹ˳ĻѪƸˮͨı£Ҳѷſֽţֻڴţ˴
ס˿ڣԴŮɫ
ҲΪպ㡣
Ů˴Ｗôһ֣پˣԼŵĶſڽ࣬࣬Ҳû˵һ֡
趯ŭɳҲϼ鴹ڵءŮֲתͷֱֱ۾
ҸɳĶʲôһΣòκȥܡҪʶ࣬ڹȥҲ׷
ֻΨΨŵŵ֪ԼҪ޹ˡöԲ׵иѹŮһ仰Щ롣
ҪңôͷɽܵĵؽȥһӣҪԸңŴȥˡ
һλСӵǣ
кɳһǹٻֽл誣褡ûиֻܻ֣иºŽпɳ˵ܼܿضʲôֻˡ
ɳ˼ǡˮЩˣݳССһˮʣǺҲɳɳ֣ԼزһֹһѱĶ￴˱鲻Ըصͷȥ
ٲٶοµĿ꣬Ƕʼ仰֮󣬵ˡ
֮һ죬پ˰Ƹˮؽ磬ɣټӱһСͣ²ˮЪ˰죬һƽʱ˲ͷɽڣһ·ֱȥȵ˿ǣʱ䡣
ǸĶǣȴûһߴ̨ͤ¥󣬼ŮֻסڶһëƤ
ضǣڲݳЩĵطźɫ¶֮£ӳűط꣬ͬһɺԵգƬѪȥϣֲꡣ
ٰ̻ڳǡ
˵ǡڡǣʵֻø߲׵ǽǳǳһΧǸͷˣذǻĹȲͺͱظߴĳǳأҲͬն
мŮǵĴʣ޵øףϸܵƤ̶Χ塣Խ⣬Խư֣ܵȵΧѾ˵񣬲ǼͺƤǿǿǶһһҡҡλΡ
ЩסŵүǵġղüǮһЩλūʱүǸˣѡģ¿εн鼸ޣ໹סڳǱϣƤ޲ǽЩֻ
һ·߹ȥ඼ʮСкӣЩ߸ջ߻СС
ЩʹġղᱻĿߣЩСкӣģΪɻ̷Ůߣֽ䣬Ҳܻῴɫ£ŮӸǳһؿò˴඼صǮ˼С˻ܼңҲЩ¥˲ˮ
һźˣĶ벻ֳĴֻҲܳԱů
ڸܣŮʹùġղлȢҪˮȥ·ѩﶳˣ佥ղͰ͵űߡ
پǰĿ̣һзʮڣڶʮҵġղ
ʮ̫ˡشһкȥ಻ʮ꣬δ㣬ݵСһλε·ĤǽɫģٶЦЦܻ
Ұɣʲôܸɡ
ԭ⻰Ҳб׷ͷ١
һٵĿ⣬ӱӰϣܿǸѾˣбһưܵǽ£ͷҲأר־ƤϱŸŮĸһƤò׺ĲػӣϲĺһһҲ֣§ĲӣЦǺǵ̽ͷٵķ򿴡
Ů۾ǳǳɫǽɫ

 12 

ǰһС۾Ųתɷ鶯ɰҪȥһѱŮ뿪æס
Ƹˮɳ֣
һ仰ͽסˣתƽע٣һһش
أ
ٿ֪ԼҶˣǰıǱڸܵ⣬誡ԼĪʮ£üۺͻ赡ֵܶЩƸˮɳһޣĿƺ̶峺裬üĿԵЩ߲顣
Ȼ̬ȿԲоǧ֮СվʱĸݣĿʤĸ磬һֲƤƴշ׺ɵĲػҼۣһ˫ƤġﱧŵŮҲãԲ⣬ò
ٿһҷѰ㡣
̧̧۾ȴûжЦ⣬ĸֵ˱ŸѰҵġ
һ仰ҭȥˣЦЦδ϶ֻɨһղΧĺ̽Ŀ⣬̾˿
˶ӣǽȥ˵
ǡʵһЩ鲼ͷ߽߱ǽǵƤãٹһֻĴ©磬⣬ʱڣ伸֡
Сﱻ׷ŵƤľϣһëΧˣ̶̵Сȶ棬ذߵĵطҲ޲֣۾Ƹ׸糾͵İֻȸæˣųſСҪҪ塣
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ˡæͣϽرԹСȻǸһس̣طªԴöҲȱСοΪعаһ˶ڴ˴ĵ
誸Ů΢΢סǵС̧һ˫ˮһ۵ģ۴ɫͷС٣βϵŻƽ
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Сӵҡҡλεصߣ쿪˫ҪšˣǺճס誾ͼ˳ֵذϥϣøܻÿֱЦ
СֶҪץ٣߾סŮظĦµĺ룬ʲôʵƵġ
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ٵͷǻصأ෽Ĺӹٲˡ
誵ͷɫڶٽʮƤеȻκһͨġղһЩϷĽΣ˻誺Ůλүûһ档ֻһ곤Ůٴȥ·δ߰ƸˮȡСѩɽڣ˲ͷأ뿪˸ܵؽ磬ص෽
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ϲСãɸСţӸ׻̽һЦĴʲô档Ӹ׻һͼɴĴܣֱץҲץסЦһ·ں桪ֻŮʱչޱȵĳ磬ᣬġ
誺ٵҹЪڰӹأߺ󣬰ӹػԨأ෽֫ĵӣͻСһָֽͬڱգȼԳ֮ͬǽá
˼棬ٲһ̾ʹޡֻ￴ˣ㡣
ڶƽ˷̣δţһԴԼʮȫŻƤëԶԶȥһҰ쭹׵ѩأһӣһŴһƬĻɢ
ٳʱСҲ˺ԳӭӡδĸӶңң罫ţ
ɬ촽纮̶Խ۾â΢һݵĻһԵþִ٣ţֻĬһֱ̣򣬲
ѡǸǫףҲĳƺ
ʱȻ˸׵ĻŻķɿܹȥӯֻСꡣڱע⵽С֮ǰѾȥһѳס˱ĺ磬ðССָḧǶԹݻůĶƤë
̧ͷһҲӣʵ˵ҵ游
Цһѽӵϱ誵ķһۣҲ΢΢һ㣬۾ıڻ

 13 

ѩһޣոͣɫʹˡֻһ߽⸡ߣǹҫۣ𽥳һɵᣣΪһһƶϽߡֻһϸѩһĲȹȥѩϱһһСĽӡڹһѮϦ㵽ˡذۺӦѲΣîʱڹннԼʱعС
ԼȻϤλ֮Ůǿķݺ͵гǽԶȥǸһɫɷգͷϴʮطӽҡİ¡
˫ôķۣǵͼߵļͷľһױ̨ǰŮΪһͷ˿ױݣֲϷصΡһ磬̫δ𣬳߷⡣ɫ£۾ķâ۽⿴վһԵĻͷͰ봹˿֮䣬̾Ϣ
һɲð֪㻳񣬻˵Լ
ߴᳵλֳסĵطȥԶԶλֳѾվͷһҵİ׵׺ɫۣԼ·Ȼ෽
ƺһУһתĴΣһһҲûбִٵľһɣЩĮӡ
֮Ի޵Ķ񣬸ѩԭϳ˳ɳۣιֻࡱ𾢷磬ѩĭǧ磬Զɽʯ⣬
վߵǸȻعߡһҹһ֮ԵؽӸԼĸվһ̸ģ
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ʱ̫Ѿ峿еĵۺѲѱϣǰڴšͷŵͨĹ͢ɪķ֮ȴһɫĸŮӣţųơ
ֻаɪδͷֵŮǼ¡صΪϸܺʵһͷ˿ټν̻ķӲҡʾݣΪ˹̶ֻصĲҡķ仹һö֮һҰ֮βżϸϸĽ˿ĽŲһͷںڳһڳ̫ý
ŮȻҲ㣬мɫڵģȣֻͬө΢ԭҰʢұޡ
ֱĩβڿ˵ӰţбѾԳ£ֻнѥȻ죬ʶⱾһʿ
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Ǳˣֻб˵ļѩˡ
վѩԸ˵һ䣬ĴֻӦһ
תͷСʶЩʿŴԭȸԽѲӱѩɽ¼ӱʱ׷֮Ƿѩɽȥˣû뵽š
Ÿͬгͻ֪λΪѹ߸¯ϵ񹤾µŮ񣬾˿ڡλҲͬе
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ǶԶȥĬһܵŮϡϮÿŮʦơɣټ裬ͶУʮŮߪѡһλΪδѡŮӣĺʮ֮ףʣѡģư񡣸һӦ£ɰ̽鶨þᡣŮ룬ʣµЩԻλãͬʱλȴΪţȴ
СӶ⸽׵úܡߺشŻԵĴȴֻ΢̧̧ǣҴǰż󳼺ͽǵĶڱ߽ȻʱʱҪͬǴЩ
ƺʲôǰ̧ҲˣüͷԾšֻǺ޹뿪ܣȺŮߵĺܣˣҪʱں֮䣬ûй¡λȻŲԶǧذ
ʲôأֱ˵ĿⶼԼϣʶԼһʱûѻ˵˿ڡ
ãһɫȻֻ̫ѵЩǻ˻´󺧣
˵ǰ֮ʱŮʥһŽ桶ɣٸš
һŹŻʱܽ󣬱ӰӶûУֻŮͳı
ܻҪô治СذΪҲˡ
˼СмأֻȻøصû֮΢ڱ߽Щֽţʹ֮ͬػΪ⣬⵹ǿܵġ
ЦһЦ񱱵Ůھʦָؽ˽ӣˣɲ߬
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صصķףŮӽɲʮ֮Ҫͬ䣬ʾ˫ྴ԰䡣˵ֻǵ㵽Ϊֹһۻ񣬡ŮҲɸִΪ³Ϊ࣬οСλٲҪλӴ͡
ҵν仰û˵٣СŻѧϰգ䲻ʮ־ͨӦܿҲп󣬻
ʹӣȥͬһ鰲ȵĴʯͷסġ
ĵط͵͵ͷһ߿ţЦ
λֳһۣһĵ񣬻赶ԷõطԸߴŵĹˣ˵֪ˣȥкͷĬȥˡȴûиֻЦơӿϲá¯תسлԷȥˡ
磬ô͸λӺȻˣ񣬻Դ֮ٸоͬˡʹҲҪᳵ̽ͷȥһеĻͻ˵ǿСԴӳ̽ģֿɰ˵赣һٱĻһʱЦ
أϳ
һѻ赣ɫЩӳǡˡ
ԲȴԹɵصͷ
̫ᣬ֪֮У֮һǧ״һǧ֮⡣
룬Ҳδá̽ҪǰƵõͷңԶ
ɫջУЦһĿ˵
Ǿһȥɡܼܲ޵ĳȥɾȫ

 14 

䳡궯
ֻǹ飬ˣܵܣسǵļҳ˿Ҳϯڲࡣ
˳վŵģߵչѩ
ⲻϡ棬岻ã¹ڽ֪ջҹǰȥݷãҲʵ¡ˣʽԵ䣬ҲԵǲϳģʶ۾ȥѰߵ䣬עУûתһۣҲĮ
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һ仺һЩԭ䵭һۣɫ԰ףѾҹҷࡣ
꣬ذлůͣеĻӲһɫ멣ƿ
Žʯƣ紺էơչѩɣһ㱡ѩĵϡ
ԼĪʮ£ͦΣɫƶнһֳһ˿Ц⸡̶ֻ֣ɹž޲෽ŽȻʣ̽ڴ̫λҫ۾ۡ
Լһ俴һۣ̾
ǣչѩǹĺӣСҳģҾСꡣҲӺãôЩŸסҡ䲻ƣֵзִ磬˻ӵġ
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ϸ׵Ŀʱɱ䵭ɫΪ԰ףֻ΢̧άһûʵʵЦ⡣

 15 

µĵʮ죬ˣƽûѩصֻ֮¹һѩʱҲѾһɶϵҶҲû価
Ǹ֪ͬȫһ硣ҲٲܻصççԲԵѩԭĻϯشõһ˿̵İ
İֻȥѰˣֳͬɳ۵ͯ꣬Ϊ͸Ĵѩǧｭɽңʿ
ЦˣһһŮ룬𰴹ƵķɷﳯڣΪһϲǱѾ·ϴᣬϵ໨ǵַɷذﴣŵ
һƬȻһϤĺ΢΢Ķţۡ
ͣһְͣգǸ˵ҿһá
ĳ֣ϲЦĳ֡۾ﲻ˿Ц⼴ҲضԴЩİĹŮ赺ͻԴͣЩӶЩʼ߹ʱǷηηӡ
ǰöŪˣֱѰصĽϵ䣬ŮǸ޴룬ȴ̾˿뵣ģδ񷨷֮£õ͵롣˵۾ȴ뿪ֺ
ֳ˫۾ͬһǵɫʱͬµڲ
ЦһЦĴӣЦġ
ԼЦ촽һ߲Ұס
һ米Ӱţͱǧѩ΢΢ţãҲֻһ

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ǰ̧޴ӨӨĹǲϲ
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һֱԼߵû˵Ż֪Ů˰֣һ̻Щл佫Լ˿̲˵ҶҲһֱǳĬ˳ġŻһһׯ߳ȥĳȵüȡ
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һƬڰͼž֮Уһ
Ҫˣ£һλѩʱ򣬸ܵļҪˣΪŮҪȥֵġǰżȻɪҪһȥǵĿ²ǳںģΪߣҲ
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ڻЩ̧ڴͷҲĵͷƽڣ˵Ķһĺг
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ʵղ˵ʲôţͷΣû
ˮմմһõͷһ벦ǰ棬һƷβָ⣬Ҽ˵ǸܵŮҪһرģ
䲻֪ʱֻһ£ڵϣͭβ԰ݣüеļȴƺڻЩֵԵ滨ľһȡѣɫ
һʼӽʲô˼ҸͻȥҲݻɽЦ
ǲܹӽȻǸ˼ظִ䣬ÿ궼е飬һҲָˣֻҪһߣ±ϼء˵»飬ûȥҲôģֻ²͸Ǹʲô㡣

 16 

һ˵ô࣬ͷŻ񣬻ʶ۹⡣ע⵽ˣֻЦһ
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˵οһ䳡ϣǹԣҪЦ
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ʱش﷽һشˮԣһ֦һ̽˸ͷ¿Ѽۺǳ
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Цθֲãȵá
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ģеÿӲŪһƤ״Сͷᡣŵ˵ͷЦᣬһһڽĳԵһ㲻ʣ԰ԼûҲи
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˸񣬲žԼסˣɺͷֻǿ龧Ө͸СԲġˣҲ΢¶Ц⣬صȪˣӶЦɨһۣ˸Ͻͷ
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ƵԶ˵֮ı磬ǾЦ⣬ִʫ֣һͨպͳô˵Ҳмֻ̡ѣ°뱲ӹ˾ͺá
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ЦӦһã̧Ϊһ衣

 17 

ˮƽ羵ľҶƶ£ķƮɶ飬Զĺ
һϸӰڳͤ裬δʩмֲ԰ףĵڵѻɢڷУ˿µļ϶¶һž״ɵգ
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ʱһ󷢳ɪֹסʱĽŲҲͣ£ˮͣפڵϣƬɫƲʡ
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 18 

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 19 

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һ֧ʣöСдһö滨ǩǩβáһֻëķˡȻһֻ̧֣滨ǩд׭ذСͲ⼸֧һġॡһ졣
ˣ
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ҲΪÿλ˾ľܣ̨Ҳһڣ˴ɷģϲû˻̨֪Ӫ꣬ɫеġ
ȷϣסԼ͡
üͷɿˣ֣ǧǧͷҲЩΪ˵ȷеͷվҲҪͣһñӰһ
ߡ
ٲɴתȥŲ֮ڵϵҶӱڽ£ϸ飬Ϊࡣ
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ֱ̨߳ţ֮һϴ貵ĳֱˬ΢͹ů⡣
ٹѮǳͥһ¡صĴѾ˷ĳк˿֯ǳͥġԵŮڴһ֮ǰɵ˿֯ϣͬమ֮ճɾϰͷ
̼ǵԼʱҲ֯һŶ԰飬δЩ˿֯ڷǣһƣֱУӴٲӰ
֣ǧǧ͵۾
μ龰ͷʱ򣬷ԼǱƽοڻůجκ亹Ƥ
ɱһˡ

 20 

۾ûˣʱ컹磬һ΢ĳýＷɫؾϣһ˫ϷĻյġ
Ѿڸǵߣӣصγѡƿͷһͷںڵ˿ٲһɢӣϵ̫ͽһ㱡
Ķ߽
ˣ
ţˮɣͷϴ
ͷͷˣͷ棬ʩ졣߳ȥڴд֣һһ顰īһֳֻ˼صһֻɺɫСҩڡۡð
һϾֻԼĲ˲ɡ
Ȳ𻰣սһţûע⣬ˤϡ§Ц
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˴ƾ§úֽܽ°͸ϣȵĺߣѲֽһۣ
д񵥣͸˭ģ
⻰˵ģȻ͸ˣ¡Ͻ飬޸һˣζӻȥҵȻҪһݺˣϡֻ
ʲô
ͷһۣŸһ
֪ΪΣʶ
ЦЦȥġҪ̫أͺáصھΪʣҪرȥףϼѣʶҪһ㸸ףʱʱ۸ο˼Ů֮࣬Σ
ˡԣɬοЦЦ
䵱ȻνģһӰƷٲܼŮܸ״ٰοأ
գҪЩĵףֻժͷϳһֻľݹȥ
￴˿صһֻľϻʢպã񵥺һʡһ飬дǣ
ɽīԣٺ
ܿҶ㡰ͥ¯عҤһף
Сʮյ
ʮʮ֧

񿴱ϣͰ񵥷˸һߡҩ÷ˣҲۣһץ˻֡
ߣΪɢɢȥ
ȥ
ذɽ
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ʣôȥأ
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ֵôЩˣôȥ
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װУˣлͯŮȲʮˣͬһһ·ϽЩЦЦչѩǰ·ѩտ㣬˳ڡ
һϸϸ͸ӣ䶯̽ȥԷһۡ
ֻϸϸѩƮһʱɽɽС·ֹɣ꣬ÿҶһˮʱͽΪϸϸѩǡ
ֻǵϲ䣬ѩҲһһɽ·Ҳ֮࣬峿緽ɽԿģ̦Ĵʯש
뻳һЦЯɽš
һǰԺøïٳߣعױ֮⣬ƹǾۣͥȴһ滨ݣΨש̵أһɫӡ
콵ѩ٣Ҵհ壬ֻͥʿ²ЬĬɨǰͥиСޣԼĪ£ҲøСľͰȥʦˮ֡ȤЦһ
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ͥԺﲻ֪ʱһˣ޳˷iЦ̸ֹ̣Ȼʿȡһʿģڸʱļӡ
ߵ֮

ȥ֮⣬ǰδˣ䵽ԼϣһʱҲ֪λ˾ֽƽҲǴˣ˻Ӧ֮ǰԼվѡ
СЦţü䣬΢΢ɽ
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Σһ˫Ц˺ɫƺѰʲô˿ԺﲢûˣΨһ̷Ȫԭȸ߶ĵĵʿҲվ˵ʱ򣬾ʶȤ߿ˡ
ʱѩѾˣֻһֽɡڴתʯʪģʯ￪ʼɢݵһ˫Ьͷÿ
أôˣʵ
ںɽ̸
ƺע⵽ƺת䣬е㾪ȣЦ۵ֳ
һ˳죬ĻҸҲܷˡ
ʵ񲢲֪߼丸ԼңԼĸʲôĽ顣ֻΪԸʱԮֶм
ٽȱѩ̿뵽ˣٶӯӯ°ݡæЦֹ
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ŵģá͡һЦԼȴúܲ˼
λ⹬Ҳշˡӳʲô֪ģָ̡
ߵɴ۾ȥ֮⣬ƺм̲סЦ⡣
Ϊ⸱飿
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ΪţЩӻܼҵǣҲȥߣ˵ڴһжá
Ȼ߻δ˵ЩʲôԭȻ뻳񽻻Ŀ⣬ȻǷ
¡
ӡһ߳תǰżߵ˵ͷ̬ǻϤģǸⱣž롣չѩֽɡصһֻྻĴɹޡ
һҲЩ롣ˣ߸һ˿΢Ц
ϣԵֻҲ磬ɽ·ٲҪȸˡ
ʹ£Ƕׯһֱ⣬Ծɹ͡
㲻ϲس֮ʱʵ
šһֳͷչѩݽ¯һڻţ߹֮ͽˣһЩ׸ƵİϷƽҲ
˵ͷ˵ĸྶͥŵصţûȥ

 21 

ǱصĶӣ˵֡ڸ߸ߵķ֮ϣڴӳ֮ǰŻЦ֮伫ģ۾ȴ絶еķ⡣
ЩӵǳЦŵӲǸûԼʶһŮӡĹһţ쵽ûΪԼ˻þ漴ֱǸŽڵϵı麬¶Ʋڲ£Ҳͷ£ֻصͷ
߹ȥʱǵĿҲһֱ׷ţȤش
ûлرǵ֮У߹ܵĴŮһɫӣת
ݵЯŷΪ׼õ
˼·ҲûšƽһۣȴӣüͷţľսһһϹ
ôˣʵ
ӡôͻȻˣʡ
ǰǸչĹأǵ˱ˣȻҪЩ
ˣһ˫ƵƯ۾ԾֻǻɵĻ
˼գкѩȲˣҲˡܿҵ鵣ģﲻƵ̬ȡ
˵ֲܰôԸĵķԼܽһ˵ǡ
ʹˣ̲סҪ׷ʣҾʲôԹ
ʲôԹ⣬ȻǴĶԹ
ǳĬ֮ˣҲٷѿͬͣΪʣ˵¯ɡ
ʵҲ䣬Ϊٴ⡣
תȥˣ˼ؿ
кһɫļаȴĳüɴԼͳַ֮ƽԴ˶ܿͣʶҲʲô˵ʲôԭȸʱ԰׵ӡ
ԭݵЩĺۼ˴ǳܼʱôƯֻЩֱĻƣ㲻˾á
Щµʱ򣬷ѾҪĶֽشӳ﷭˳ů˲ŵݸȴϻһ־кһӶˣֻ㶵ؿš
ԽߣԽ䡣㴩ñֲϰţöš
æҵؽˣձ΢Ц
лӡ
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С˵һ
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޻ԴڸԼһ׵ĵܵܡҪ㣬ȴͣסɵز˲䡣
ãڣܷ̺赺ͻӣСĸ
쵹𡣡кԳЦ⡣
С˵Ķʵ⣡СС˵ʲôȴһͣɪǸõóᣬ³ɣӼˡ
ʣǴͣ𣿡˳־ϳ⿴һۡ
û뵽ǿȥӱ쾹Ȼ˿ǡԭ˼˰Σϵİ̶ˣЦתĿ⿴Ҳ죬һҪЦЦı顣ȵԼε˵ȥڷƵǰһʿţ
ţʿһתͷɵʱ˵ţû㣿
ˡԼࡣ
ʿҡҡͷȻժ±󳤹Сȥڱʮ죬Ѯг
߽Լĵط뿪ʱ.ֻȥһѩһĸ¹ȥѾˣװξ£տĴһɫװΣԵЩ
ŷ߽ûбˣֻһŮӡĺܣδҲǵԼҺʱôһСŮ
Ůģһϣ̶̵Сȶ˼ʱŮѾת˹۾ֳͬһǳɫ
Щȷ

һʱЩ㱣ԼһڹȥӰӣոѧ·СãЦ绨紺ճγü絶ãСС;ܿԺǵˡ
ʱҲֻ߰꣬ڻ赵İǰССĻ񣬲ۼһֳһöɰСģЦݾڡ
ĽŲ㽫ǸξˡŮãתͷס˻˫뻳·ۣؿʵ
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ﲻɵˡ
λĺӣ
Ůˣšüͷ˺ûܸȴҵ⡣
ֻõûţͽˡ
װһС˵ӣɷнµΣ⹫Ͷ˵ȥӭӭ
ӭʲô
Ҽǲˡӹ˹С죬ֽͷҪˣõǻ˵ûĶҲҪ߶
񣬵˵ͷһɫ䵭
С񡣡
ӦСŮͻһ̨ϵײײطһͷײ˽ŵ£εЦһ˫ִҸ£ڱš
Ů˫ֱĲӣȸԾ֣һš𡱣ʾԸŮĹϵ
üĿȧǣò֮ףɼˣȻûеĪЩϤŻСŮȾһ۵΢Ц
æŰŮԾɲϥ񣬡ӻ誣ӡ
´㵵ͬʱһƬȻԭԽһˣΪδ˵üеĪϤΪ䱸䵭ؿ˵˾Լ͵ü볤ַ·
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һж˵ͨˡ
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ױɫ飬ֻеݣϣ·ϣʱŵĲǼ£ǲ׺ɣͬͳһѩɽԵĸƺڹ
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ףƻˡ
𣿡ЩϣأԼĴӡ
ֻҡҡͷˣ̾һ
˵ɡ
һ˴ʱòФƻСͱŴȵȴվԭء
褣صػͷһ
˷˰벽ü۵ţϣݵ΢ǰȥס
ҡͷ˵ٴˣﲻ
¶ܲ³׺ʹθ
ڱˣʵǽδı͵˵˵Ľ£û˭ܱ֤һһʧһʧ֮ء
һھǣһ෽ִ֣ӣҲܰģس⡣
ŰգӦлҪ˵Ҳ˿ڡ
ǣӡûƴǣҲûнֻ֡ǹصͷ˺档
һѩ󼷽δպϵ飬ͭرջּأβʱ򷢳һ﷢ŵĶ
С̼߽ȥ͵ƶ
һɬ촽㶯˶ƺʲô֪𰸡һ²˼
úܺãع򳤳˿ֽס׷ʣ
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ҡҡͷԺٿָֻʱı飬ǿѹʹɴݵش𣬡֮ͬǰʶҲྴ
˫Ѽϵ۾ѹ籡ֳ뵽ʱԵĻãŴǻ֮лعĻϵֱ̾ϢҲá
һҲã顣
֪վõģ俴޸һλزʶӣӽɴּλΪҲȻԸ⿴СŮããѩԭϷɱ˿٣ҲԸ°뱲ӣһֻڸûʵƴͼۻĽ˿ȸ
ƶ㣬οë
ĴθصĶΪҲҪһͣ׽ĿתλѣҲͷǵ
θ
һ߿һ֣߰С̷ƽЩЦ
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ҲҪͶԼȰ⻰˵ЦˣָָһߣһֱҲû˵Ļ誡
ЩӶﲻ¶褣ʵʡҺЩ¡
ͻȻ㵽֣Щ㵵̧ͷǣı⡣
ͷ²ҾӹһЩ΢ĩС¡
һϣ褲عǫҪһЪˣ׼ġ
ܴ󣬻ȱһ漴˸˴ֲķӦŰ׾Ⱦһɫ
λͬʱЦҲĬĸܵܣмֿɰ֮
ҲʱѮ֮ͽٴԼĹ԰ҲѵЦЦʱصǵʱ

 22 

ܿ죬ӹˡǳȥ׺ͻ誵ӰûˣͷҲ𽥳һСڵ㣬ؿˡ
ϲŭɫˣ˿ﲻ֮飬ɫ糣ȴһ겻ӣէһ˸Զȥкɫһ˫ȴʼǻɵһƽϡ
Щʲôʵ
ŻعͷȴǴʣˣһ˵һæҵֻϲ¯ͱŸ첲ţЩЦ
ã˵¯ûˡ
˫һһͷȥǡǡСˣС˲á
޷Ҳ䡣ⴹ۾ƵĿռ䣬ҲɣԸ
Ҫˣ
ѹøֱͣ˺ðŴ˫м׽Ǹġǡ֡תͷȥ˳۹ֻһ߾¶ģҲһ뵥ģǦɫ죬һ򱻺صķɷ֯ʵʵ
ҷʲôأʷ
һطˣһ˫ɫ۾ȴȻﻹݡ
ֻ˵ؾذӵǱˣ
̧۾صС湫ϧ
ôʵ
𣬡ĺ÷ԭǸﳤסģĩҪȥˡ
ʧЦڿң
Իҵضһ£С˲ңĬȻΣԸһ޷
෽ԭפɽؿڵؾѾжףһʱҲЩ̾뵽෽ʢģ
ʱʮ꣬Ÿ׵ļλԽѲӣڵӪȴִ࣬ʿ̾ˮӭݡԳ¥ֵҹʿˡķ򿴡
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ȻɳԼΪʤͷڶʮʱҴľû
ܵĺΪǰлڴ˴෽ԼҲеĽ֣ȻյĸлԸǲӾˣѱĲ䡣
ǶȶԣҲδزǰܵûơ
һգ෽ؽ硣
ŹѩɽڣɫͿʼģûĴֱڲ̹Ѫ䡣
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޷ֳ˫΢ϣഩ㣬Ҫѩˡ
۾ˮŻڵϻûˤ죬ƬӲ˵ģƵѩ˳ųûõķ϶ֱ
һͬطɽģһֻͨѩ
ֻԱļһͣȴδֹڳһƬ
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ֹסͷסҪ̽ӣ⿴ȥ
̴ѩ۶ǺɫİģȹѪɫëĿһɫѪ죬ϵŮ
ΣǸˡЩԼ뷨ôͶʵ
ϷսܵսҲܳ˿̻ĶǲʿпڵҲѵһͻļ꣬š
Ǻסʱѵ˽ǰ䵶ƽһƬѩ˲ժ˲ٷӦԴ
ŵ÷Լ彣и˱һ
һаŵһӣµϷȹȹڳˣΪ׵һƥ·ϣһʱղסڵϴ򻬣ϵҲŷҡ

ɪӯһ˳ֳӳϵĳۻҵĶһϵֱˤɪųһֹסӣ
һسֱûгֵƲ˳гì裬ĹǣҲվţϾѲڣۼռ·硣
Ҫ˷Ȱ̤ȥսʱһԽ쳹˻ҵս
һ֧ԶɱȽЩˣܿһ߽ɫŮͷһ˵䣬һ߹⡣
ִ彣ƿЩԤС
һʱϱһ·ɱ˵ˣʣµҲɢѩɽȥǺһӾ׷϶ȥ
ɪմѪĳìֶѩв˲֣ɶưػصţ±ɸ߲ɼ
·ղһ˲䣬һѾĺõʣֻάһ̣̫޷ܡ
һʱǰԮӷϻأȴסȥ·ǰҲ˵ʮΧŷݴתѩĭвζʮ㡣
ͷ죬˫ĵҲǸӣֲʲô
̤û׼Ҫʲôͷ
Ϊ׵Ůüͫü֮һʱԡ
Ե粦ǰ̺ؼһ߶ȥڱʿϸ飬ôˣȴŰɪûз
÷Ψаɪݺβѹģ̳ơʿһˣѸٵƵ˱ĳ֮ϡ
ҲֻǰţûһĶ
梣
·ŮȵؽһԷֳֿʿӵˣһ壬һ·˹
ܺĵüĿܽǸһƯŮ߲Ǳˣɪãλиʮİ׽
ȻҲǻˡ

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㰢梻֪
ô֪
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械£һȥͲˡôҲøҵúò
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ǳ˭׽Ȼָ̧֣ͻ
ǰһ˻ôһ̽ͷ̽ԣæӣֻɪ
Ǳĺӣǰ޸ӣλ飬ûһ档
ԣȻûжȴץסµ档龰һ˫Ư۾¶ɫͬʱȥΪͷĶ
ϰ׽ȴֱĳǰԱĻǹֱ֮ǲ㱡ӡ
һʱĬ
δԼͰ׽һ龰ԡڿϣҹϮǹõİ׽ѩͬȼյĻ
ѩ׷ףǹϣʵȥϵѩ֮һˮһӳ׽Ľɫ۾
ˣԳ۳ҵŮѾصӡ
׽Ϥ۾˺һǲݣɤ﹣Ļգʲôû˵ͷӡ
ģԲԣ
ֻ׽λǱֱͬѾ뿪ʱȴȻѹ³һ仰
һֿ̣ʼӿҲӦ
Ȼ
׽ЦһɲߣֻóڳУ
һûܹ㣬ɲ׼һӶʲôԺ
Ϥֱ룬һСŮӵӣ˫ɫ۾ͣȴаɴ档
ҵȻңֳֻ򲻴ðңҪԼı¡
׽ЦһôұţһֱȵΪֹ
Ȼؿڳþ˽ЦĴƽȵɽʻȥ

 23 

׽粽ظһ·ϴɱ¹ʡ
ֽýشӳʱۿڳӱϣЩᣬ
ҿһֱ㡣
ţûͻȻ⻰ʲô˼׽۾εȲŶеյҪ쵽һ뼴ͣסˡ
ԴؽиռʱԼšһʱǰǴĽ飬ٶ绳ͻȻలµվͬһƽϣЩ޴롣
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 24 

µĻˣӣҪˡ
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 25 

ʱ˵°룬ѩѻ
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 26 

лԷС磬еŮģáȥʱɫˣףʶͨҲ˴ֻһŮؽ˯ˣںԺת̤ԺȥѰҡ
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֪ú֪ΪڼɵЩʲôϸ
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׽ôֵܵط

 27 

ƾʲôңֱ׽ӳ˳֣ȻںͷؽšȻһû˵ȴͣ˽Ų
ҴʱĵطѾԶù˶ҹཻһƷסϸϸһֵϵ̷ҲɢȥߴЦ
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֪ǲǼߵһãԭȻͣͷ˦Ÿ첲İ׽󰲾ŰɵԼ
ģ
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һôѣЩˣһĵ˰ӣ˹ǻ̵¹ɫģǸҰ
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סˣ׽ҹɫɰ׵СͬһŹ⡣
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ҸһӲˣһ춼ûлұȥġ
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ǰߣ׽ԶԾ͸һСβ֮ͣȰλħͷٺ˵

 28 

֣ǧǧة֣⵽ãϽӭ˳ס룬֪ΪΣЩ¼
߽ɣϸСƣϵĺĽŲһһġһصսˣ۾һֻǻġ
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ͺȥһֻۡ԰ү˶˳Ƿʱﻹ߬Լӡ
һҲܿǼΪĵˡԼ˶ˡ
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ʵϣڸ׽һ˲¹񣬾Сʱĸǣûһ׵ģȻҲͬ
ܣǾˣֻةݱλ˳ҲȻǲԸġ
ֱֻͦ˼ϸ˳صĽŲԽԽ
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Դƽļ򣬡ûȨͺ˵ôȻа취Ը

 29 

СϴѣִľһӣСˮȥĵһ֧衪ƴǰûüǶǶ˼ĸףȴ峺
ĸ׵۾һϯŮ´Ľ棬˭Ҳ֪Щʲô
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ǼŮӡ
ʮС˼ӲźҶҶˮߣҶƬҹ׹óأˮܽһѾµСذףк׾ɵ˫Ŀǣƿֳ֮»ذף׵СḧذǶǴֵǵġᡱâͷӳˮ
ذʮʱģͬĽһԣʦµգףֻǻûпС˼вսͣǸӣһ˫ϻ۽۾ɵıǳЦ
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䣬ʮʱӮ¹ţȴƫ֡һ棬λȻ໥͡
ʱһʱˮ䳡ܱܵ󹭼һԡȻزϲ赶ŪȴϰҲӡСʱҲñ߾֮ʱǱͥԺִͬƶ㳤裬Ȼʹ¡
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ҲصǣΨҶ֪ĸеĸ֪
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ƶѻߣһʱ治֣һ֪ԼѾ˸һɳӣѵۡ
Ÿ֣⽩Ӳ˵˻޹ؽҪĻһͣˣûͣͥҲûҵԼɡ
ϻȥͿʼʰҲûκ˵ֻܵǴ˸ŶԤڶط

 30 

һ֮ĴŻȻѬϸϸͽͽů⼸ҵĵزʧȴ˷籾еˬ̧۾۹⴩󳨵ÿӺɻ
ʱδʢģЩɻֻǰһ賤Ҷӣ͵ؼĿܼĳ棬ƽչչһƬҶУΨһ仨߸߳ˮû𻨵ɫͬһһͦ
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뻳ŪԼ̺С̷պùѮ

 31 

ả¥Ԥԣһ벻ķʽ档
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֮ǰֲһ䣬Ȼ˽¸˵ܲòӡ

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ûһѪɫţȻκʽķӦϢһͷԽ

 33 

Ժﳳù֣ͥǰԺ
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Ǽæͷȥ
ɪɫƣġ
վŲԶĵطȴ·˿̲ſһͣ˽ŲԵͷĸ󡣡
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ҿ⼸ĸ󣬹ʶ㲻ԸҵģҲӦ㲻跨ץסκ㸸֣̻Ҫǲ㸸׶ˡ
ĸˡƽ
̣Ȼʹ޽ӣǲϲȷλӱǺҸף˺Ҳδ֪λھǿͣοҷޣλ֮ף»˽
˶٣۲Űɪɫ
ұػ᳹ˮʯ֮ǰ빫סԼϣһλһס
ˣ֪ڸԼ̨£ͷ
Ȼ˹䣬ͬСɡֵܶҲԸھһʱ䣬Ҫ²
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ɪɫȴʼֱֱվǰô֡һ̣һµתȥʮ
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޷н֮ᷢ飬λֶ֡ο෽н֮ףΪһ׮ԩٴȼս𣿡
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˵ǺֳǱƲų¡޴ңҲϲֱַӽԼ¶οҹΪº
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㲻˵ȻҲܺԼҺֳɱûϴѣӻر˰ɪ⣿
Ǳ㲻ԣˣõġ
ٶ滳һͬǡȥȴһײ׽˫ĽͫûиͻһûƽЩ
㻹üͷΪŰɪһڹ
Ҹߣûȥ
ڲȫˣȥɡ
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ߡ
԰Լ
ֻ⣬ΣҪһԡ

 34 

СͤһûʲôЦ⣬ͻȻãҲǵһʼ֪⡣
з磬ɫۺһûϵϵͷڼһؽ磬ͷͬīɫһɢڼͷ
ͱעãڻҪڱʱ򣬼ߺȻ΢΢۾ԳЩܾ֮⡣
ұ㡭ү֪һ׼Ūҡ
ǸϤЦм˿صϡ
һܱĵʮ꣬ҽ챾ðŹϣ߾ʱҸʲô˴ٳȥ
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Цһ̧ͷϵؿŻ
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ȻߵĶȫǸŷҲ޵ر̬ȣ⵹ûĴмһţҲΣ֮£˭Ը;ӣԡ桱Եɣ
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ԲԸԼĿ
ҹΪһƢּΪͣ¡ңЩһֱҴһ𣬾Ҫ¶ˣôܲһ˿˿£ֺαԼĿ֮Զ֣
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ӡɫɲ԰ףһջͥͰɪʱѾ˺ܶࡣҲûдʲô·Ȼȥ˲٣Ǿȴѡ
ߺεȻῴɫˣŻգգ۾ش˽Ҫ˵ﲻףôҾ͸ˡ
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㵽ʲô
üͷǸյذһգƺʮֲϲλؽӡ
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Ҳȵҵ֣Ȼˮʯôˣ
ЩżҪޣȰ˺üأָǵ˴ҲȻί磬źЩ
ˣ
µٹգҪﱸλ顣
λʱЩȻԼԸȥ룬ߵǷվϲ᲻˸ӡӡȻԼԸȥ룬˿̸ѵ䣬Ǹ䡣
ִ³һƬƶ䣬ů˵ϣ㱼һϴɱ֮
ôӦóƺˣ
ǵءش𣬡Ȼ¶߯Щվǹһ޾
վȥģҲҪ㡣

 35 

ҹĻһ죬赱ѭĺͷ
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ʱӵķݹǰĵط
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뵽ģװСáЩ﷢飬ûһӦóܵġ
ã֮ǰġȻΪ鵣ģʳӶչţͷáҽ쿴ʱǻ顣
˵Ҫˡ
Ͼмָˡһʱ伸˵ȥһ̣֣ȥչƽü塣
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أ룬֪ǵ񾿾ָ˭ˡֻǼߺʱôˣ
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ˣǳͥλӣƺ塣
⹫ĸ磿ӾͲɻˣؽͳͥĦϣǳġ
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⣬Ҫǲ֪ǹªš˵ͥһһԶϷΪʲôɿǵĸ׻ûе
㲻֪Ц⡣
ı黳ʱ¾Щɻʵ֪ʲô
ߵ
ƽڶ̣ǿŵ˾ʦҲûܱסɳȥͬе˪ڳǳ֪٣λʦġȻǵĸҲܰһ䣬ҲҪһ˼
ͷĿڵϵʯ廨ƣ
ӣȥ
ŻȻζ̾˿СӣҪˡ

 36 

ԽԽѵпŮ
ҵûȻС˵ҲʮֿɰʹӼҳĶŮԸһҲϲ鷿ڴµĴš
誽һ˰ǰĬĬһ飬֮ƿţԤһ𿴡
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ƾһ㣬課²λδıĻĶֻԼΪ۰СŮûǣҶǣĲ¡
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ֻĽ壬誱ص߾ȫܣλӭرء
֣صضŻŵҲ֪ǹĻĳŵΪ棬ǽҪοͷӦУ¶ɵЦ
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˱ˣһ˲ߣ˸ţԼסǼߣȥŮ
տյģûŮټ
誺ûӦ֮аķ·Ļ誼ˣȻЩĻ߽ǰȴڿտյ淢һֽ
ذ˹߱
дˡ
ֽ߬˼Ƭ̡ڣиС˳ű߻˻Ŀš
һͷһ˫һ۾һգգؿ
誶ʱɣɴ⡣
һͷŮ
һֱţ
Ů϶˿ȷûʲôˣڳ׷
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Щ׵ǣС§סĲӣߡ
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дõֽϤģ˱ϳһֽдȻǾ͵ȡġ
ֽϵûʲô壬֣誻ждֵû飬Ϊ֣ȷʵʮѿ
ֻıǹαģҲǾܡ
֮⣬һֵע飺ϵֽһкûжһ㡣ùıԭأϻɹǸССĿնˡ
Ӧĺϸ
ֽͷٿͷ
Ƿǳʱ򣬼ʹٵģҲҪ¶ģҪȥһذľǡ

 37   ر

äĿαʽ
Ϊ˽˼
˴
һ
˴
ҲЦ
˴
һǧһ
˴
ʲô
ԻĽָ͵
ᣬԻЦԸ質
ӺͲٳ
˴
л
ǵд

 38 

Ųô򣬽ŲԽԽ죬ԽԽô·ɥӣ
һѣŲԽԽ죬·ǲ֮ףֻǴһ֧ӡ
ȣܱ۾ڴϼ£ǿ־ӰεĽŲ̳Ҳ޷˯ֻ۾ֱð亹ĺűĳ棬µҲѾһƬʪ
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ǿ־總֮ӰΣʱʱ̿ĥͷԡֻ۾ǰĵͷʼһƬհסںڰУʧȥ˼
ǽŲԽԽҪΪʲô˵һжǼžģŮСūϸɤ˵ŽŲ··¾ضשߡ
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ûˡǸ˵ҡ
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ذĻţ֮κθ롣ֿܹ󣬾ϾصޣҲΪӴԵޱİףŮСū޴ĹдУľȻ·һȺľܡ
ǣǾӴĹһǡ
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¹ɵգգ۾ȴģ佫һִֻͷţͬ̾Ϣ

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俴һ˲úܿ¡·ֻôһ˲䣬ֱܻӶסԼĲӣսԼֻҲеģԴİ˵ᣬֱӰԼ˦ԭأȴ˵С
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 39 

ʣΪǱߡ
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ͨ߾һ㣬ȡΪƣɱΪ֮ˣó
һֱԩһͷվ
ʱٴΰݷˡ

 40 

δ뵽￴Сӡ
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Ҳ˵ֻ࣬Ծڴˡ

 41 

ʼǻһֵĽ̸
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漴һ൱˯֮С

 42 

ãԼƺһ
ڰʼϮڰɢȥͼܣڰ׷ᣬҲԣ󣬺ڰƲɵسɢȫʶĺڰ漴ξһƬڰл֡
ֵǣεǸİģѾȥģҶԼһŻӰˡ
ڼУֻ棬ĿҲģġģĿϣΨһֻܹһ
Ѫޱ޼ʵѪĶ䣬ӣ۾нϵϣѪҺֹػ۳һСݺʣû١
ֻʣۣŷڵĽޱҫۡǽصУҲ·Ϊš
һֻɶꡣ
ѪϻСϪڻļУڸ߸ߵ֮ϣҲЦûκζı顣͸һ꣬Ųࡣ
ŵÿһӶ˥ϡ
ˣټòˡ
еҪ׿˭૵˵
ϤΪģ˵㸸׺ʱ
ģǾǻʵ۵
ڰξеɢڿԭء
һ˵赵
ϤģϦദĳ֣ӲһĨ΢Ц
赵Ѿ࣬۾ţͫѾɢúܴ󣬺ڵɫһ׵УԭɫһҲˡ
һһϣҪ˵ʲô
ǻ϶һΡֻجвŻ龰
֣ҪȥֻбĿָ⴫һʹ·гƤﹰҧֱۿʼԻȻ۾ǲǱճһأƤҲʼ˸о
ˣΣһֻȻѶһ̣ͷһۡ
ӿɺãʵ
ΪʲôʲôطҸôˣ
⣬һ⡣ҺʣڵĻҪץסص㣬ǻ誵ͷ˼һʼػشЩ⡣
ˡ񣬡˵ҶԹҩܴذаȻؽӳдߡҿ¼ȥ˻زûҲţ˹ӣ빫ӲҪ
ߣ
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ôҸأڶĵ⣬ǻԼĿ⿴
ʵûٴ͢ķݹдߴӡ
̾ϢһЩתͷȥܻĿ⣬
̽ӻرǰ֮߱ƴ
һӽڰ
ŭһϯеǣԶжԼûзӦʱѾֶס˻誵ĺѹڳϡ
Ҳۻ˴磬ҲݣʶϰĻŲһѰסá
Ų˫սҲʹԽأе㴭Ҳֻ΢΢ŤްҪĵ˼
ƽı֣˾йƽŭ˻µôһ̣ҪȷϣԼɱ
գǿѰ˼ǡڻ調ʼʹغʱͻȻɿ֡ĸֵܰƤ¸ֺۣϵָӡɼŲΧһȦ誷ŵҡβѵڴһٿڵʱЩ˻ƣ
Ѿԭ¡ҲҪȥӪȴӣǾƾҴǵЩˣʵܼ
׺ݵض
ѵ㲻֪ððȻҴɣ
֪ʱ˲ܾ࣬һһ
誵侲ǣ˿飬ŭģֱһĶ⡣
誱һƴᵽһߣðûͱƻգ۾˿оʹ
Ȼڼͣƽ΢ƣѾȷϾȷʵҪλӲ潫֮߱ͷϣΨ·һ䡭Ҳš
Ϣһ£
ѾȲˣա
û֤ݣܰôҲΪû
ͷ⣬ǰŵһΪϤıӰ˲϶룬һͣͬϤת
١ͯĺ飬ڻļУǴЦġɾ꣬ǽ첻ͬ
ͷʱ򣬻ܿȦǺģֵ˫֣Ϊ̫߬ƤĥĿĺ֪ۡĺԺδҲȼͬĶ
ûжĻֻǼ̵ͷȥ
һأ課ĬĬԭأԸˣһ̽ᶨ˵ǰ
ǰ·Żģ·һƵؾʹֹҧݳµȴƽȵǰš
ŭ٣
誵빫ӱòҵģΪ෽ı
Ϊβֱȡ෽ҪЦ
ӣԽ課֪ڼظǾ仳Ѿ˵Ļ·ȫɣֻһ仰ͽ˶ġǻ誱˵仰ʱüĿƽ
ҳȻôţҲմѪ
һ߬סӣֱ˫ƽ۾Ҫ誾ܹʱ
֪調ΣаԼӳˡ
ذӹأȥֱ֮ӵҲڶǿ㡣
Լ֪ⴿ޹صʧĻɢһˣȻǶ֧ѻ誷ŵӹȥ
Ҳ֪誻شҲСĶӡ
ʲô˼һԭ׼õѵĻ˸ɾ
һ˫̥ܵܣֻڲǡ˵⻰ʱϾȻһ˿Ц⣬
ѱʵڲʺڶǣ˱һֱǵĸڰƸˮ
ʲôǻ課¶һ˿̫˲¶ȣֻܵܵģǿѪ˿ڣûٸԣȥ
ȴֻǿɬЦЦңûгܵģʶҲûʲô׵ֻ֡иСɳ
ɳԼǸܻûʡ
˵ʱᡣʵڿһѱ˫̥ܵܡʵϣѱκʲô·𶼺մϱߡ
֪ŮӵĵλԶӣܱȺƽ飬Ƕ԰׽Ҳûʹʱ֪ǰ֮£ǵʱû˿С
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Ҳֵܵģӣ֪˿̵ĸܡҶԲס
Լеķŭǻһ޻ˡǸǶԵģԼӦõõл
ǡлȴ˵ڡ˵ھͺԶھǣصĳ֡
Ȼһһζһ£Ȼͣ誵岻ض˶Ѹ̧ͷָͻʵôˣ
ٴЩŵ׷

 43 

ͷһ£ɳǰһ˳ԭĿ⣬˿ȴͬһҫذӡؽ
δŹκģǵĺºڼױ֤ݣοǻ͸ֶܿɣɹ˵Ĵصضᳬƥ
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٣ǾǸ̴ӵˮ׼ͬĶֱҲѶã佣
ǽԼõ׷ǣ˼ȣȷġ
ֻݱ׷ϣǹǱ֣Ҳ޲в˫ɻذһ˵ûдչѩߴ˲ʮͬеģչѩҪЩ
Ȼ·硣οչѩ־ڴѹ󡣲ܹȥһսǻмϣж߻誺Ȼһסسʵ
·
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誴ݻظûʲôɲģ̵ֻˡ
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Ȼ˻誵֮չѩɴԭأǳòضŻ誵ķ˵ͷ
Եüһ£и㡣
ͻȻһ˿΢Ц⣬ЦּΪѵûһ˿¶ȡ
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ʲô˵ǵڼŭŻ誣ΪΪһĽ͡
ȴֻ΢۾ĵҲŶȴƽ糣
ΣӡشǵҪЩǵԶԶ֮ϡԣ˿ֻ䱣Ȼ¹ȥȴΪʱ
ЩʿҪǵļ˽÷
෽ҵΪʿͬģɲǿ䱣̤ͨʿ
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֮ǰ˶¹״ģʣһˣҲҪȫ෽ҲҡŻ΢΢һЦ
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óȨı֮ĸҲóǵĸͳ챱ʮ꣬ƾһǻ£͹֮ʿ
Щ˭̸ģ֪õ誻ֻбƣ˿ľ𣿻̲סš
ĵԽԽң誵üͷҲüȾЩ
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һۣŵҡҡͷûС
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վǳ죬صĴôӵùܵ㣿תѾӽðսͷȥһۣûп㱻һ˻˺ܴʧȥƽ⣬ЩԵ
Щʿ˹ĻղŹѾûˡ誷ǳƶš
ǼֻһۣҲ㹻ˡЩ׷УûչѩҲԼµЩǾʣµзֳ׷ǡ
֪ûԽͷۣ۽ɨ誣ȴѥͲһѾµذףһùԵĳ⵹Щˣ
ԭΪǲϰյģΪһʿ磬Ҳ൱ϰ֮ˡ
Ȼڻı£誵Ŀһ£漴ס˽ӴﲻҪȥȻҵޣԸ⾡һϡ
ò㡣ٸϻֱ⺰
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ġ
ĺֵܣȻ˽¶һ˿Υ΢Ц
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˫סǹ˵ƴһԷǽϴĻرȻһ죬У˿ϷؽΪһ塣
ٲȻκαʾһŲڳԯϡѾ棬Ϭط˳٣ʹ׷ʿǰͷ
ʱ׼ת䡣³ĳֱӽеǹƽƽͶȥصǹڷзһ졣
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ǹ⣬ظعǷһ죬ضǡ
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誸ĿǰһУ
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ͬʹ˻ƥߴԵԼͬߣȻһҪݵĶ࣬ͬʱҲԻһҲ˷ȻˤòᣬܹסΡ
Ȼ鵶һ̣ǹѾĲ
ǹܿ졣㣬ǱӦǱصĳ㣬ǱӦȶݵıСһ̣ǹˣ˵۾ﶼֻʣһ⡣·ȾѪġѾʵʵ塣
ʣ˺Ѿں˼ƣҲ
Լƣƺ쵽ڲսϵĵ൱о顣
ǱȻеĸ⽫һսǶ֣˾ɼաߣʵָϡ
ǲսǹ
ǣĶȴ˵¡
˵һ·һöĻֺ꣬һ¹⡣
ĳһ˲䣬է֡
ǵ̬ţ赸һ̬ҷ·ȫܿƣڿۻسһĻߡ۾βϸϸһ˿
ѩɽиʿЦ
ǵĵˣʣµˣڷɻĵС

 44 

¶񣬾ŻķĿη壬ֻ̽ǲǰ
ǸӣŻʱġһ˫ɫͫһֻգһֻ
þÿ
ԲվԭûκνһĶһ֮£θԵĿ𽥶㿪Լעӣԥͣڻֱ۵ķ
ۣĵط
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ղչֳƯֺɱٴȷɵ֤һ㡣
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ջԼǹ±ֱ˦һѪ½صݸһֱվŵ٣
һֱǣ
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ǵ꼸˰ͷڣſҪԼһˡ
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лҪ㡣
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ôҲǴЧҡˣ
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˵Ҫ෽ȥΣգּһ䣬ߵİ꣬ûʹࡣ
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ͣУȻڻ誵Ĵߴ֮뿪
ǶԵģǸ⡣൱ҪԸɲķ̨Լ֮ģһδ֪Σա
ж೤ʱ䣿֪ؿһ˿ʧȥмʱֱһͣ誵ЩΡ
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չѩչѩ
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һԷ֣չѩûгشֻϾӸµķ˵ͷ
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ȻǺԥصͷȻ¶ŲͬǼʶ֣վû˵ʲôԵĻ
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չѩӦˣֽ
ɽƳŵһ˲ţֻ¶վš

 45 

չѩվ棬·˲ҪǾñѣƳŵǧطꡣ
۾⣬Լλĸֵܴӳ̽ͷһְڴϣɫмֲ԰ף
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Ǳѹǹ棬ⷢǹ⡣
ɵһǧǻأʱǹͲ֪ҪƫȥˡչѩĽǹ˴ʱĺܽȫȻרע
ջرչѩƲĽ»صŵ״̬֮£ǹ滥΢΢̽Է
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λܷȰѹɿأΨлɫ糣طֻֿʿǰȥ
δı̧֣Ҫ
ƽ侲Գֵӣ˿̾ԵЩŤ·ڼסЦĳ嶯
׽һֲۣǶģ˵ʲôǻоµˡ
Ȼ˳µ˽ˣС˵㱧ҡ
ס
ڳıԾʱճڣɢڵɱǵͷϣǹһƬʡ

 46 

ǵĸףƽסţǵĸסֻʣһľ
ʱ仨ʱݹмûԺƮƮưȵԺ߾Ǹ׵Ĺľз紵ϣߵһľϣ˻ꡣ
Щָ⣬ɫģڴ˸ͬһֻֻȥץһЩˡ
ͬ
ڲԶʯϷһ١ٻǸ׽̵ģ׶ÿֵö⣬ǵԼõĶСʱ򾴰Լĸףȴ¼Ǹڸ߸ϵĳ
Ȼ֪ǱһͬԴ
ˣҲˣǰֻʣһڵĹľָǴľ³
ٹɪļɽ̸ԼǸС˼ıӣǵؽСһ
ʱƯĵܵȷǸС飬Ŀ峺Ľǳɳһˮ
߽ˣĬĬز˵ȴ˳Ĭʵ
Ǳ˵Ļô
ôǿѨɡ
ƲȥЩ飬ţʹҪɱôֻ˭أ

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ͲǹҪأȻ꣬ȴ޴෴˼άݣƶҪѷһ
ЩĶҰҲ̫ˡ
ӽؽϾþӾǣ˵ʱƣ
ԣüë
ǲɱģɱгĸףҿʲô
ƺȻе٣·վתҪߡ
Ҫ𣿡忪ڡ
ͷʮ󣬡Ϊʲôô˵
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ˣıǵĸִӺβƵؽԼڷУùϡ
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СվſڿЩı飬ǼҲɶׯ͸һͷ˿мƲϡ
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ﻹһֻèҲϵֻڰ׻ƵèӰ飬ȴԼֵ֮⣬Ʋ֪й顣
ʱ룬ͬӸλ庮įġ
ܽĵط£ڰ׻ɫèﲻתһӣƺԤеǽĶԻƽ˾ϳһ˸Ļȥˡ
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ȴҧҧ촽ϳһЩΪɫ
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ҵúܣֻǿЦһЦҲ֪˵ĸΪģȴʲôأ
תͷȥã㻹֪ЩʲôЩʲô
һأȴֳֳɵı飬ûˣūȻһߣײߵϵĻƿ±ûٶ
ڰ׻ɫԲèڵ˸ؽһ޹ؿǡ
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أãҲҪ̫ˡĸһƣǲйϵġ
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磬㲻ܴ⣬򲻿ɵġ
ҡҡͷﲻԸ¶κˣṆܾ̀ΡҲĸûйϵ롭֪Щʲô
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ŵĸĻǸǣ𣿷̨̿͡ĸС塭˵Ҹ档
ЩϤģİԺһȦһȦţִһΡɽ⡱
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һ죬էϡ
ҸָľɫĹϣ¼Ѫա
ͬһʱ䣬˽Ĵ⣬һ׹ꡣԶɽͷһㅥࡣ
ɽɽͷŪģģԶĺҲһĻ
żмֻ鳲ˮ񣬼Ҵҵصͷӹ档
һغɻųˮҶҲڼƳտŴ⣬˹شѹʱ½Ѿʪ˴룬ֱ߶ҵĹٺ̴󰸡
ǰżõһŶϺͼһź̷¶ͼѾˮԭʹյϸͼˮȾģ塣
æȥ˴ͷȻһƬհף֪ԼҪʲôô졣
˵Ϊ棬õΣ˵Ϊ١ô˵ٻƭ
沶׽˿ڮԼĸǼǲܵ顣
ǸӦ˵ĻȴȻһƬãȻԼˣָʲô
ĵʱԼӦôĸСأ
֪һƬңֻ˹٣Ǽűˮʪ˵Ļ࣬⡣
һֱˮʪëȸվĴڱͷûĺڶƵ۾˫ʴʢ·ǿʲôܡ
֪Լеܣܹ֪
޴ӵ֪Ȼòܹ֪еܣôֺγһµ顣
벻ҲԸȥʲôˣٴѡһžʱġ

 47 

෽ʱʱ仹ֻ˰²
ڸ·˵ѾǺܿˣ誵аŹȻ˿չѩǴ֮⣬·ûһؾⶼǻǰ֪̽Ĺ
֮⣬Ҳɵöλֵܸ߿һۡ
ŹĹءЩζ
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ϱգ˼һʱ
оٶȡҶѾصԼĵ̣Ҳ׷ϮţҲܹſ˼·
׽ȴûܵκӰ죬ÿɿģһЩ
ŮΪŷеĶġȴԼ˶ôֻÿµͬЦ֡ĴмͬʱҲϧԼʹȻһʱֻа׽ûн
ܾԼһжֲʵһ׽뿪ߣǾͻ̷룬ӴؼҲѰӰ
Լرȥϻ̵ذѪı֮УΪȥֳ֮ڶѪļƷ
׽ѻ֮Ļòʱʱ̸̿±֮߷ɿȥܿڻбһĺɫӰӡ
һǰȥʲô⡣
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ǻص˱ȢҺ𣿡ͻ׽һѼ۵ǸŮҪЦ
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δο˭ıҸ磬Ҳδ֪ʱ򡭡ҲܰԼĶŮ˽ǰ
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§סҪ˵䰲οĻ׽Ȼִǰͷ̧
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׽Ի誱˸ƾѸٵԽȥԾԼɫĳɢҹΧԣͬɫ֡
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ûһĵǹȻͳʵֻӴһǰǸɫӰˣŴʲô׹ˮе
Ͻ˹ȥɵĿɿڴ׽վıˮȫʪմ࣬ʹѩ׵Ĳּ͸ͷߣǱҪνųȴγһֻݽһֻȥͷڵµС̡
ƥСվеˮǰȥһָֻȴ͹ˮ̲ˤһţ˼ڱˮ
׽Խǹڸ칤Ͼɷ˵סһͷ࣬ؽ
ʲ׽˫أΧƱˮŵòҶһѽ˳ȥ漴ԼҲ˫һӵϼԼΨûʪһ£ϡ

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ˮ̲
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һ࣬ЦʹߴʾѵıѡüͷͷһȻ׽ЦֱʪĳڼϣҲϡ
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ǺȻ䣬ϴůĴУһ㶣ʶǰ׽գʱͨ죬ִĴЦ
˵µإգǺɫ߸ֳбһǳأ˿
У֮󡣻ȥٰ׽߶Դ˵ķӦǡ
סҾסҲûʲôҪġ
˳µڻסһƫԺ֮Ҳӭһλˡ
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޻һۣҲ¼амͲ̣һŮһ֮⣬ˡ
Ȼ޻΢΢һЦ˵úܺ׽ȴȦţ
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ʵ൱ꡣ޻÷һͻȻչĹѵ⣬
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׽죬ֲ˵㡣
ٶһųԷ죬ο޻˵ġܶ˲¡Ҳ൱⡣

 48 

ϯһǡ
ԺпǻǹһĨ⣬þˣλĮıӼĴѩ
չѩηӭȥˣڽǹཻʱһƬģĹӰ󲮵Ȼ׵ظֳýˡ
̸ʱչѩСÿ󲮿ˣһֹֻסĽƣһľסȥ·
ʱ򣬴СֱӰڵأΪˤ˶۴ޡ
ǰչѩ˵ȻüıܣҲԼװˣΨĺˡ
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ҺͶֲúܴأξУСչѩʵ󲮵ģƮ죬չѩĵ׷һ飬
Ĵ򲻹Ҫ
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ǲϤǸ˵ʱԶǿҵͬԼ̸٬βζ
ֱһ㣬ļбѸ黯һɢˡǿҵĹ⿪ʼƤꡣչѩ˱۾Ҫ赲롣
̫ǿҵĹâʼµֱͫۡĥ˵Ĵʹܵرս۾ϣͼʹЩ
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Ůľͷͯӣÿͷ϶һð̣ϻͿŴ֬Ե÷ǳϲ죬ؾĳ롣
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شȡðҩչѩӱְҩݵС
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չѩһʱûа취ĳлָǣĿð룬ǾȻһҲ֡
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ŮЦų룬Ҳͬͷ
սˣչѩҲǹ˹޲ĺۼֻ°ͺͲϣߵգþⲹƤһĲϣ΢΢ĳˮۡս˿ֱ治
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С÷˫۾ͬ꣬䣬ԼɷҲ˿ٴɫַ֮
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֮£վߵĹ£òʼ˵ƽӹǷ޵ĵĽһЩ
䡣
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ַ޺õģڿĻֲϰٱ
ͻȻһӴյǰŻСƵأҪо޴˰̣¶Ĺͷͽ
ţƮȻչѩļ򣬡øлңû۾ܴ˵ݱ
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ֻһָӵģҲȫ׵ĸ顣
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ֲãԽδ˵һ仰Ӿˡ
ʲôطǳǵû˵ȥһҪ֪⡣δ佻ΣȥԼ
شδɽׯҼҡ

 49 

δɽׯĹǸֵˡ
չѩദãĸ롣
鷿ĥʲôʱ¯ĹЩתͬ˵Ͳͯӣ¹ŵСչѩֱ֪ʡ
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ã⽣ԭ˱ЩҲ֡
˵վ̤ȥعˡչѩͻȻӺסȹ»عͷʱֽסͷȥ
ҲǾؽҡҿԻȥһʣѽǴġҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪ͹˵룬ӦҲǰѽġ
ָʱͬİѵļںš
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檲ҡϥԭضķΪԶ䣬ǹڹͻε˾վߣδҲһʡ
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ֻöվ罫·ýϡ

 51 

ֻöվ罫·ýϡ
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ˣ㵵̧ͷϸϸһʶ

 52 

ô˵˵һޣɪһŰϣ첲µһνʵ
ط˵ĻǡŮ̧ܽͷĶɪı飬ֻһ֡
ɪȤԼһҪǰսˣɫ۾ġ
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ڴʱɪһЩӢ۳ĺĸпԼʮǰߴһ壬ĻЩ˭˭¶Ȼǲ֪ҳݵ΢ĩ¡
Ѿ֮УڰƸˮڵһȥˣֻʣ´򷢲ļįʱ⣬ǰΧĬԶ
⵱ȻǽţҰɪԶ˵ļįԶһ죬ҪϯȥԾԵأȡ¡ʱԼ뷨ܼ򵥣ǸŮӣһʼʱ򣬾ͲͷڸӵĶ
Ǹ⣬Ҳǽ
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仰߬ŮǶ˯ˣһӰƵǳմ¹֮С

 53 

ѱϣ޲ҲѾ´죬ȱʧģڶѾˡ
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ˣЩ񲻶ģЩ˲١
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Լȷʵ͸ܣȴûκһԶŻ˵
ڣһֽҲԼֺԼܣڻлɻҽʧ
ƺ˲٣վϴʲô𣿡
˵ֻΪлл㡣
Ŷ調Щɻ
䰽ұ档˵ǰŵЩʿѾ׼ˣǽеҲʼɡĹغͱӵҪԴǺصһ֮󣬾Ȼʹ˻ķˣҲûҲ˱֮ǡ
ϣˡ
ЦЦС¡ֵ
ֻʱѾϾֲţȻǻķ˴롣˵ھ£룬ȻѾȷذв֮ˣǶҲҪšյϢ֮󣬶ȥذ֮ǰصطԸȰѳ¥ؾǷ
˵ȷʵûǾ֮Уǵĵˡֻ˭Ҳȷǵ˾˭ʲôĿģʲôӡκ˶ǵĵˣһδ֮ǰ
ӻ೶һ£
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ɪ䡣誸Ĵ߲ͬûʲô̾˿課б䣬ʣ
ôˣ
ʵذһҲͬ˵ġ
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ô˺мء˵Щʲô
ҡҡͷ˵ûв𣬳֮ûˡ
ô˵֮߱˱ȻذӸλֻ²⣬Ҫô̫ӣҪô󡣡
˵ȻסҡͷЦЦ׶ɱֻǷ뺦ݶϣΪˡǻʱǸ꣬Ƿ̨𣿡
ֻ˶ӣ˿Ѿġ
仰˵ʱ򣬻ЩҡǸƯֻ꣬ΪЩֵһССݣԸĴΪ֪ˣȴȻԸһС
Ŀ̾һ£з̨
Ƿǳ϶˵ͷ󣬻ֽʵǷԼ裬˭ֻз̨֪
ˡЦǷ̨ϸƣֻȥһβС
һվ̫³çˣǱһߣҪȺˣ
δϵӦôңټ̽
˼ƽϣ˫ɫ۾̽Ե
ʲôֱ˵Ҫ¡
Լǲȥģýô
˲ⶼҪ򡣡
Խˡ
誵ͷһ˳ӣ
Ҳð֮⣬ֻǾýոǿҪȥ̨һˡȻ̽Щ˿ǼϸĵĹռҰߣջѭټ
ЦҶû뵽飬ó
һȷʵˡ
誷·һڳ˵ĲŻ˵ľ䶼ʵȴƫƫᣬ˲Ըȥ
ֻ˦һ䣬
²ᡣһ취̨ͥ̽㲻عˡ
ֿŻ誵۾ظһ飬ǰͲҪˣ𣿡
û誵ı飬վ߳ȥʱֻԼӦһǡ

 54 

͹˻誵ĵӡλûŵԡΪ׽ڶɱ
ԸЪһ󡣡׽˵ǲãԭôͶ
˵һȥ쳣ԸЪˣϷ̨ȥ죬Σ
ʲôҪģֲֽġں˵úõţҼ̾ͻȥ
ǰ׽һѰס󣬲վ
齻ҡ۾Ļ΢΢ҫţյǡ
ǻȴϮ
˭˵⣿
˼ĸֵƽ޲һγС
˸˵顣ԼĲ²ʵǻ𣿡
ûе¡׽˵㲻Ҫԩû˵飬ԼҪȥġ
Ȼܹûģҡҡͷ˵Ѿˣ㲻ҪܣҶȥеĹؽڡ̫Σա
ȥҲΣգȥҲΣա׽ȻЦһ˵ңȲ㣿
֪Լ˼æҡͷ
Ҳ˵
׽ⲻ˵۾ȴġ
ֻǲԸա
ŮȻ߰Цˣʻ㲻ԸգҾԸȥ𣿡
һʱԶԣ˵ȥҲˣӵ㣬ҪˡǱȺףȻӿơ
˵ԵõزȴҪǸˣƽҲûʲôҸûʲôܰæġ
ʲôҪƽƽģ𣿡Цˡ
׽ɫȻˣǼΪֱŮӣʱԿģŭʱȻҲɴһ֪
ģʵʲôˣֻƽƽ
仰һ,֪Լ⣬ûĽߣַͷڵķϽŵССö
û˼˵֪ġ
ڶʪȵĺһӽŮǣʱԳϼ̬Ҳԭǰ
Ծת֣صؿŻҲ֪Ҳأ׽ǺôˣҪŵùңȥһҳ˭磬һСҪ顣
˫§Ҳѧӣ˵
㰮ңĻϲңңҵɺһˡ
û˵ʲôһƬأԲµģ
ḧ˸׽һͷ˿ûлش𣬳Ĭŵ˵ͷĬ֮䣬תһ־˵Ĭ
׽۾ɫģģöǡ
صһ̰ͼһԵĬ
˵һһȥ
Ȱ㲻Ҫ׽ʱѰǣǵȴλлƺıԵĸֵܡ
ﻹסˣˣǿɾȺף
¡ˣлԲңŵù
˳Ĭ֪м֣Լ˵ˣ
˵ȥȶ֮飬Ҳ֮
˵Ҳܿһ˹ȥôԶĵط
׽ԼԭĻҲó¶Ը˵
ҲĻϲңͬһȥҲա٣һȥҳҲȥκ㲻顣
׽ľ͵͵һ,ԼЦ
ǣҲԷɵ̬Цӡû뵽ǣ±Ԥ֮иش˻誵ĶڶʱĵѾվĴǰ
ӣ̫³çˡƽʱ۾˿д˲ͬȻܹ򶯰׽һ
ǻֻ˵Ļԭⲻظһ顣
˵ҲһȥҲܿһ˹աο
ЦЦҲ˵ð׽ȥõѡ񡣡
û¶εı飬û˵Ҳһͬȥ
ɡݾܾ
̾˿۾ȫΡȴûбֳ˼ǻӴӯԵʱļ
Ҳ̫ġ˵
ңǵı¶ԱʱƣᣬȻҲᣬ̫ΣյĻǲȥġ
Ըˡ誳չ˲ĵطˣӺͽౣء
ֻչԼסǸҪСĵĵطЩ֪ǵѵģ㶼ҪͬǶ
˵µľңУǺѵ飬ο½ɥĲȣҲҪ⡣
誵ͷüĿȻضʹ
Լߵǰ£ҲΪһӣһˣн
ǻ課û£ҲΪĻû˵ȷʵڿҪӵʱԼסˣֺ̽˼ʲô
ʲô
誻ش룬ǲӦøĿڽϣ
˵˼ҵνкηӦ
˵¡
δлš
ϻҰ˼֣Իصأ³ç
仰ԿԽ⻳֮£֪Ψһסزʧİ취̲סҪȥ룬ǲΪֹҹһö롣
ܾû誾ԼͬʱıɱԼĳ֣ʹԻ誵ĸ⸴ӡ
ƽµػص֮󣬻ذдŽͣԱɥĸ֮ӭػΪ񡭡
㿴ΪγٳٲأԽڣԽҪ֪뷨
課ڲأ͵УԼ˼Ҳõ׼
ǹɣֻڵǲսҡ

 55 

Թ½ʮ졣ɽׯ˱֮ǰľĬ֮У·ҪͷھĬͬʱЩܡ
ֻľͷķͯӣɽׯһȺһشС֮⣬ط񱻷
չѩһʱ֪Ǹȵǵǰѽ
ûйµӣҲչѩ¼šҶͩȻڲԣȴһһɵıʡʱͬչѩ˵˵
չѩĽʽҪöܵù
Ȼִ˹µɼһͩ˵˳еĺ˼ر˵䣬ֱ涼дСֵʱ浾ŮȴõӱߣˮֻһƮɫīˮƮߡʱǸɸɾȾ˳
ͩ˴ݵؽٷ綶¡ǿʪܵĲܿ͸ˡ
չѩ۾ǹµաͩ˽۾¶һ˿Ц⣬˵ͷ
ˡΪλɽׯ
չѩ벻ףת룬ԹԸɽȥǱᱻ˸
ôһ룬ȻˣɺͩһţЩûҲϹ㡣ϵʱ򣬿³ҹŵĹ
ʮһ죬ʮ죬ʮ졣
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ĵطӲܵꡣ
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һһҹ֮󣬹˯ѡ
Ա㣬¶Ų豭ڵǰšչѩѰлȴͻȻתã˺ð죬һذ׶
չѩ̧ͷɻ۾
ԭǰѽ̫Ų˳֣ұһѽģԼЩһѶذ
ЦһЦ
Ҹ˵ԭѽӦúһֻذɶԣϧЩʣǰѶذҲ֪١
սչѩҪ˵Ĳһͷȴ£
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ˣʲô֣
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ҪôնѩΣ
չѩ񣬹³Ц
ŽаɡˣýˣʲôĽһӡֻýһӣ˵ɡ
˵ҴûýǰһԣҿѽɲɣҪҪΪЩ޸ġ
չѩݣƴǡ
浽طѩ
ʶ¿Ȼ˵ʱչѩͣеĽ
ôˣ
ҡҡͷɫһ糣޷Ľǳá˵ĽǴ󲮽̵ģĸĸأ
չѩҡҡͷ
ĸȥ磬ҸҼµʱѾˡ
ͻȻ²ûڿһ˫۾ڲ֪ʱߵͩϡ
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תͷЩĽϣ·ıҲŽӲ
Ȼǰȥҡҡ·ͩ˵֡
ˡ
ϳУˣгԵ𣿡
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µĴǳ֮ġ
ͨѳɼȥˡ
ģȵԼҭôʱһУͯӵȲ衣
еĵĶصһȵĲˮҲ
ˣ߰ɡ
չѩеݡΪԼûɼ
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ͻȻЦϵĻŶϸ΢Ŀ֨
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ҪЦЦѻĶ϶
˵ԶҪȥ˵Ķݡû˵Ҫ㱨㲻ҪܸԼʡ¶أ
ǽһ߼չѩȻֻԼһܵĽºȻЦ˿ڵ˵ͷ
ЦˡԼղŵĻּᶨظһ飬
߰ɣҲˣҵˡ
ˣʲôϵ
չѩ
ʱܼžֻҶɳɳţԾˮأžһ졣
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ߵһǸ죬ССˮ︧٣չѩǰ֪Ҳᵯ٣ȴˮ
Ҳò׵ͩˣˮ裬ˡ

 56 

ȺɽƲ֮ķ϶й¶һԴࡣ
˲̵·ϵ׽˿ɫ²ڴδ磬ֻ֪¹شӶм
ڳſУ׽޹˼ɵǣ֣޻󣬷˼̾Ϣ
ֻյýЩҲȾһЦ⡣
ͥǱˮɽд̣ˮǴͬһϵŮӵ֮ϡ
ַ֮ͥ죺нСɣûصشгֿеĳ۵ߵΪ¡·ˮ·໥¡ȫǲ̣ͬɫɫӣͬһ׺Сӵ¥
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ذ߹߶¶ڷšͥǺͷգ˶ûڷͣŴ㴬
̨ȻȻһ֮䡣ֻ֣֮ͥһ¥̨Ļ¥ܽװţƷʫĺȥ
֪ΪΣôһ̻·ԼصذĽả¥ɴƺͱɴƴص׺¥ǣЦٻĸŮüĿ괩УһƵᣬüۺЦ⡣
ֻǽả¥˴Ʈݣשʯǽﶼ͸ˮ
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뵽׽ס׽֣Ǹ߸ߵ¥ߣ޻Ĭں档
һ·ߣ沽ţ׺ʯʯʣ;ƿͽòͬ죬ЩĿ߱ǵ峤࣬Ҳһ·ġ
һСǰԺԺָ֮ܿһƬ֣Ҷ΢ǰҹ¶ˮ׽һۣ׼Ҫߵʱȴһֻˡ
ߣɾżˡ
˵һѼɤӡйһԲͨ͸̹
ż䣬ʲôģ
˲ɫ
ͷ޲ֻǸ֮䷳ǽвͬпߣԽ־ߣһҲңƽЩ򲢷ǲƿġ
˵Щǳ⡣ָ
ˡ۾漴ת¶ʪһС
 Ŷ˾ϺȻһĨйµЦ⣬һ䣬ֻŵùͺãң벻Ҫ
޻ӲԲֻ˫Ŀ΢ϣʾԼ⣬ذȻߣƺ׼ȥ˼
׽Ǹῴɫˣһ˫ɫĴ۾ֻ޻ӺͻмתȻ˼ɵſ˳ʦȥ𣿡
޻Цָָ䣬ȴͣҲԸ
ɫʼճĬؿţڴߴ٣ҲĿʼ˼ڻϣΪѾΪһ塣
׽һ˻֣ǽȥʦȵȣô
Ҫӣȴһָֻˡ
޻ӵ֣޳ǳÿΪñʵԵʣָڵĵطкļ롣
ʦôˣ׽üëԻʱеһ顣޻΢ЦģҴŰɣûһ˽ȥ
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۾Ӱ׽뿪ˣõͣڻ۾ûЦ
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ͬ˿̵Ľ
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˽׽Ҳȥգ»Ҫȥȥ
Ϊĳذ۰Сô˿ҲԾɰߣȻѾΪ󣬵ߵģӰΣԷĵˡ
Ϊеκһλȥ飬ǰǶգҲҪɡ
ǰ׽ûбҪȥðա
תס˰׽ŮҪ޻Ӳ䣬ɶϻʱ򣬺Ȼ
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ңòã
׽˵˰䣬ҪǡͷϵֹסĻ
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˫ǳɫ۾գˣؿΨһĹԴ
ƶǶصͷ۽ⲻԾİվڵķ򣬵޻ӺЦ۾֮Ѹ˻
Ȱȥ̽һ⣬棬ɺã
׽һ˿Ц£򵥡
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תѾõ˵õˣǰ·ɡ
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º𣿡Ȼڷʣ֪ݣȴԾԵƽ
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ŵ˿һ䴫裬ɤתڿԽ
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ǻȴݵ΢΢Ų·¼ȴֲӿ籵ŵĴϿʲô飬ǼϸϸˣһƿЦı
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תȥֻһͷ
Ȼαǧȥຮı誱šǴصˣҲضɭϣҪŬȥ룬Ƿ˶Ĺ򣬲ܹΪҪһֽš
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οʱ飬Ҳȫ޷ٸ˵Щʲô뵽ɴվž˵һǡ˿ȥЩȣ
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Ҫ˵飬ҲȤ
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ҹ̨̽˴ȫ׼彣ˣ£Ӧƴҹ˶֮ţһǱ̨׽¥½Ӧ

 57 

̨м󣬻˳Ű·ȥŲᣬֱ֮ҲûһˡǸͷ
ܿ죬úشǰûƿšڿһ
ֻǰڰ̸Ļϡ
ʱＫ̽ͷƺûˣڴŵӾٲ鿴ϸ鿴ʱȴһӰڴһǣ
һæ˳ǸССӰȴͻȻعͷȱˣȴƽһɲǱ̧ͷķ򡰿Ȼǿ籣ѩ׵˿֯ϣԺһ򵥵ᣬڼͷתͷĶζ
˭ͻȻ̧˾ɫ·˹ҵӡţ߼Ҫȥס죬ȴתһذ׶Լ
˺󡣡˵˭
࣬㻳Ѿ֪ɱ֮Ҳδֿ˵֣ˣֻԭضס˽Ų
ŲûԷɣǻ˵һ仰㿴һαҵĹ
ҡ
򵥵֣ȴҵĹվԭأҲ˵ҲȴĻӦ
ڣеذ֣ڵϷһ졣ȥ飬Կ΢΢ţںܳһʱû˵ֱֻȥһģƿЦŵıעŻɫбĴ͸һϣһڵϡ
ڣò³һ䣬
ǹ𣿡
ͬʱҲȫվסԭбŵڵϡָļϣֻˣݵˣι߷ĵоӻﴫѹһЦ⡣
һĨ΢ЦȻ֮Ϩˡڻǰҡͷ
֣ǰǸ籣Ըеɪһ£·ڿĴҵ˻ֱۣȻ˳ֱϣסҡҡΪԸ뿪
㲻ҪҴӳȥס֣һطֳ˻ȥ֮ǰ˸
ͷһһ֧ͲС֡
ֻɱʱǲ
ŵص˵ͷ߰ɣ˾Ͳˡ
һߡһס
вͨģӡҡͷúͷƫһ߲ŵ۾·ڿＫηһ㡣
ãûзһ£ȥɡ
˵͵ûˡ
ֵͷ誹ڵа׹Ҳڵġ
վҶҲ㲻ˡ
֪û˵ɱǵϳдȥô׵飿򶨣ȥܷĿܣֱӽӵ
ֻ˵С֣·ǣסԼһ׵Сܵܡ
㱼Լǣ׵ĻڱĹɫΪĵþˣһϣ˪Ʊ˺һǡ
̨ڵƸߴȻƫϣǸƮĿһ侰֮ȻζֻǰĴȡƼߣǣŷǰ˿ûһƽأ彭£
̾˿ĴҪӷ̨ĺɽ͵͵ȥ򲻵ѣƲһʱ·ҹǱ֮ʱֻ
ƹص·ϣ̨еˣûô࣬ʱҹһȥֻм綹΢ʣµĶһƬڰԭɱּڷ̨⵹ʡЩ鷳
ֻݱ裬Լһڷ̨дѷ£˵ڻһĿӵķ
жرծسˣȴ⣬Ϊκ
һֽץӣʱȻҪɵЦһЦ˵ԼϿȥ˵ҪԼȣȴְץ·ˮе˽ץסΨһһľضĿࡣ
ǻͷķƫƫѹ˵š
ûжվԭأΪ־;ȶŤɵôˡ
ˡӣ΢΢ŲҲĪĿ־壬׼ȷһ򣬡ˡ
˭סĽ
һʱ˭û˵Ĭڵգһﲻţɫڿ̻ƮϣڵͶһģӰӣӰһýյ״⣬ޱߵš
ûʲô˷һ˵ʲôʲôˣ
ûü𰸣㿴һδӰиֳ߶ݣͶڵһˡ
һѽȥ·ǴӺڰ֮ƾճֵŲڵϣǷ;һṳ̂ڵϵ˫ţ˴ŵƯһǾṦ֣ʦͬš
Ϊ彩Ӳûб飬ֻͶڵӰӻ˾ϾһһӰӻһ̫ľ
Ǻڰиֳֻôһ˵ˣ֮ûû˿
»صġ֮ϣǱ·֪˼ڽ΢Х
ʱһֱץӵǹͻȻɿˣ֪еǰԼ˿ܷģȴ̲סͷһۡ
ջȥصͷĸ硣˵λɽΪǣС·ߵȥ
峺ڻһɫӳЩ԰׵վɫ˵ڵһĨ΢ơ
׼˵ʲôȴΪǱΪĸ硱˴ˡ
˵ѧò
黺תɫ˫۾ϵڵģûй⣬·֪޾ʯͷЦһ˵ĻҲӲúܣԭý
ƴҲҪȥȵˣŻ·ѡһ⡣
סˣ·һ仰˵ʲôۼȥҲûҪǸҵˣǱǰ̤һȻͷޱ飬˰˿˿ڣ
ҾǸˡ
һְֻڽϣǶˮеļɣ
һ
˵Ĵ֮ǰȿһ£Լھʲôط
¶һۼ΢Ц·˵˸Ц˫۾ûаЦ⣬ӣ
ڱĳˣûٻ㡣֣ӡ
ΣһᵭĮϣֻ˫۾ƵŹ⣬ʲôӣҪ
αأ̾˿δһվ꣬
һĩɱֵ֣ùðաǿ⣬Ը˽Ҳ̧ܸ֣Ϊ˸˸Ǽƽϡ
ͬʱ΢΢һתķһһ̧֣Ĩâȥǡƺδ˷ִ֮Ѹı䲻˵ƣֻǱ佣ڻһƿڡ
νȥžȴɱ׵磬ֱƵöԷòַȻѾô˻ᵱϵϡ
龰¶һ˿еЦ⡣һֳ佣мܣһȴö룬æһࡣ
öһöֱֽ˲͸ǽֽ֣ǿֿҲܽʮС
·֮ʱɱ뵽Լ磬ƽ֮δһ
Ӧ誵Ļ
ȻΡΡվǰͶһöذס
ס佣ͷޱؿͶƫ˵ذסॡһڵϡ
Ǻġ촽ڻ࣬ڵϵĻ¶
˽佣΢¹Ľһɺܿһöɵ
׽һЯ֮ǰ佣һ𶴴
Ѫһε˪׵ĵ

׽Ŷƣǽϣ˫бӣʻ
̫ûˣڸʲô
Զԡ
׽Ȼǰѡӵһ˵ֱۣ
ߣ
ϲһ·ûҲδعˡֻǷ֮һ֮İźɤӵˣǰиС¹˳Сǰϡ
ŪˡԸ˱Թ
˺鷳ġ
ҵסƺһ
Ҳ֪ңˣ
ɤӵ˵ͷںڰͺڰжбһ¹֮£ʳǰΨżϵһ׳ʫ
Ͻۣ
˱մ¡

дߣ
˵ط顣

 58 

߬һֽ̤ɷ޹̤һҡҡλεӰδ߽
ΪĵЩ˵ܡЩһֱúʲô׹См䣬İ˳Ҳá
һǸط˽ȥ
һͣˣ米ѹᴭϢ
Ӱ͸´µ۾ҡΡ
İ輫࣬㱼ƺֻصһգһμѰöĽɫ壬ȴĹȴԲϷ·ӡ
ǸƻɴɫҰܣʱĿȴԾɳġ˵ﱾͲߣɼԼĸȴû˿Թ·һжǱӦ÷Ҳȷʵ˵顣
սǸӣר˿ûһˣԼᶯֻǰǸ
ɪӢشšգգ۾ſڣһ˵һСĵشĲӰ
дʲôӰӶˣӣش
һ¡ɪĺܽÿÿпյȥһҲ̸Ƭ̣ɪظȥ
Ҳ֪һ취Ū֡ʵ档
룬֮ǰû飬û
Լһ͹ֻһС΢͵Ϊһõĸ͵֮¡
һõӰӻоԼҲ޻ϣڷڲֹ
ͷֿ˼ӰӶŵɬ촽ԭ鸡΢䵽ʵ
ΪŮԼ̾ΪΪԼֳǡһȥģһŵģԼʲôأ
ȻԱ͵ЫĶɰɪЦŰˡ
ֻҪΪЩԶݺˡ
ȵܣֹȥҪӡ
޷֣󱳿һϣһ߬ŷֻ֣һﲡ󣬱մӡ
ûԥƿӣ˼ɵߡ
Ҳ¡Щݵؿ΢촽ȴԵʮ־ǿ
ҪĶһǿЦһģſֶ˵

ĵ˹ȥһߵˮ裬òպˮ촽ױ
̫ˡ
Щ㱵˵ʪϢĶϣסĻһ
黹ҪˣһòĨ촽һ˵
ȥͱλ֤ݣҵ˾Ϊҹϴԩ
ɻһ㣬ͷ
ôˣ֣ĵذ෢һĺڷ
ҲסЩƣ
ҵ˰ɪͱڽ֤ݣôܰҴϴԩ
¹ģҲ¶Щɡ
仰˵ĺڻЩɻֽҴδƭ㣬Բԣ
һ˵ţһߵıǼ⣬ЦһСƵأǶǷС
¶ŵ˵ͷ
ƺȷʵûƭ
ĬĬؽԼʶһദķַ붼һ飬ʱԽˮ©Ѿһֿµĳ̶ȡ޷׽ʹġ
仳֧ӣʶһ£ʱѾ͸ˣɫҹĵ
ݼϺܸߵĵطȫ͸ڣԵ÷谵˵ҲˡڰĻУеЩ
߰һӽһ£ܿһֻֽ§һЩºȴûذ
СС˵
ӣôţȥܵˡ
ƽ˽Ŀ̱Įһ仰˸ɾͷ΢Цؿ¶ûеĵЦ
ǾͻȥЪšԼЩס
ͱȥˡ
ֻ°ɪɡȻô˵ȴûж
ǶǵЦȻߣ
˵Ҳˣ㲻ﲻס
Ǻáɵͷ
Яֻ˺ãкһȪŮȥַԸҪ߿ҹź
ﵹ˷ġһ˵ţһæŶԸԼͷϲߵֻҡһֻϷĹƷ˾̨зӵĽƲͷܲͷؽš
俴ˣסַŵȥͷϸϸӵͷ
ĸҵˣҹҪҷģҲˡһ߶Ļһ˵š
˵һɪȥ߶
ôˣ
ҵװ߿ˡ
˵֮䣬ѾͷֻӵĲҡм˳θԱߣŻĺ󱳴ǰױϻӹλ
ȵԼֻԳ
¶ˣҾ͸Ͻ
žһױϻϣŻĶЦ
𡣡
̫ô죿·һתЦ
ŵ̾˿ô죬ȫ£ֻһˡ
ôЩٶ
һȥҳģ֤ҲãҲá֣ص˵䲻Ķ˵С
ģиõĻᣬ¶
ʲô᣿
£Ĵ΢ȥһ˰ĵĺۼָѲ档ÿ궼ҪôһΡ
Ǹ˵Ļʲôϵ
ӣȪĵҲˣὫŹϡ
ҹɫ߰س
ָ˭أѭѭա
֪
ѵһڱ佫֮ءţҹɫ΢΢طŰ׹⡣
ɪѾˣǲȥģǰȥ˵ԼҪȥ룬ɪҪǵĵȥЩʲôԵ棬Ҳ˵õġ
ԼӦУԸۡתͷʻ
ȥȥ
Ҽǵðƣ˶Ҫȥġںڰ֮üëѲһԲȥ
۳Ͷ٣ȥҲաֹϵʱ񲻰ض˶漴Աȥ΢͵ġ
ɵһôȥ˵
ͷģģɥΣķʱһ뿪ǡ
ҸһȥͻȻ˿ڣָʶػţ
һȥôܷġ
ںڰ֮˵ֱ׼ȷػסļ°͵ͷ񿴼촽˶Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴֻһƬĬ֮ԡ
һǻص˼䡢ɪ·˳Ѳ̷ǳʢ󣬻룬·նʮ֯ɵĻǷ׷°ݣ෽Ļһޡ

 59 

𮽭Խǹشֱ뺮Уָ֮¡
˵صصһ֮أʶÿ񼾽ڣɺǵĳӴһѲ㣬ıλҳ֮ģʾԴ˵صľȨ
ͻһ˹˽ǹأǵµʮգִָۣʮԲˮǣ̰ס֮ߣɪӴʱܿһƬĽ棬һһԶ
ɫʱѾõĹ硣
λܿؼԼְװߵɪ֮ǰ֮ǰ߹б佫˰ɪס
Ѿܹ˸λؽڴʱ棬ֻΪĿġ
ʱӵģǸʮµˣĸߴƺͼʮֿʮˣòФƣǻֶһ
ǵŵƣںͰɪһЩ޹ؽҪĺѣƶǶǽ̸ԼǸһˮϵƼݣ󶮣ȻŬš
ֱ˵ٹЩʱа취Ѿ˰ţȵʱٻرλɾͲ¡
֤²ûд󡪡ɪڳﱸŻر֮£ʡ
ǰȥ˵һ£Ц
Ȼ
ߵһﲻվš
ôǶСţɪЩмЦһ
ҹ˵׼ɾɾҶš
ز׽һ㣬֪ɪ˵ʲôʱɪġƻĻ
ͷһξãԼѾӽࡣ
֪ɪĶǽĸŮǴ˴γҲûڹУǷһ˳רһǰǲŮȥʣ
ǹʲôأҵĶǷҲҪλ
λŮ
ֻǷԼϰߣǷ˵ĶҪŵġľͺãظһ
ȵ֮ʱⳡ̸ڽ
Ƿӵķͷǻһȴе֣˵ǰɪҪĵطӦöЩ˿زǣʱＫΪžϢȴֻѻͣͷһëһͷźڹ۾
̲סţꡱꡱҪĶϳԼߡ
ѻǰ˼ſġĳܴû˲еԼΪ³ç֮
æջȥŵѰ˼Լ˿̵ĴѸٴûŷмŤ˹ȥ
ذҲͬʮּ࣬űһңĶǸͨͨģѷӡ
ԭ򣬰ɪŸڹؽڴ˴мȷɪᱱؽ֤ӦҲڡЩѼ֤ݶ޻ֱ׵ָһ㡣
ԼȹӶſڿʼһ졣
Щƾɲʹõгì͡ЩĶƣûü޲źһҡ
ţһСӡ
Ŀ˲ͱˣӺ֮һŵġǰֻֻ̽ͭ˻Σû
ССôһңͷһƤţһ£Сر˳ǰһӤƵطڻ
ƤֺܳζδĶֿʼֹסطڲݣʲôɤһŶëֹסöġ
Լ뿪ʱһë磬״ӼϳƤζʵů
ĸоʧǸ֪ΪĶĳ־޴Ŀ־壬ֿµĸо˵ѪǸжš
֪еϻһӵڵϣ޴콫оѣ־طһӴӰϵѹ
һӽסˡûͷֱӰӷ
û뵽㣬С
סһãŬתȥֻ֮ǰûΪԼĻ
ʲôأ
סûʩױݣ׵飬漴ɪش߶ǸӣȡԿףǰ򿪣ֽŵ
ţȥķɡ
ûáС硣
ҿЦβԼû׼֪Щ䲻ϸ¡
ɪֺȻһʱ䱻̬壬ʶصͷţֽϿһۣȴʼϤġ
дš뷨ϢͷŰɪӰӣͷ·⡣
ǡɪͷ˿̵̬ƺȤ
һš
ǰԣԸı¡
ڶš
ɽˮʱСδʱֳܶȥ£¿ڡ
һּɨһҴҷǼ֣ʹһӡ
亹ٳֽ߬ʪˡ˫֣¿ȥ
š
˵ҩƱͣʱȡãֻڴһС
䡣
ԼһܣֽƮƮȻڵϡ
ɪݵؼС
Щû߹ɡġ
ڴʱǼٵģ
ü٣۾Ҫɳۿҡͷ
Ȫҵˣ𣿡ɪͷؿɷ֣ôϴˡ
ؿھҵԭȶڵŶһ䣬һȣÿһƤعŹͷһȴÿһͷشѪ⡣
ŶȥȫչƽĽżʢŵСޡǸϤĶ񿴼ǵĶͨš
ɪЩȣһա
Ϊʲôң촽Ͽ
ȥɣɪЦӸһθܻվһߡ
ȴڴʱȻеһ󳹹Ǻ⡣
ȻվȥݵȻſֺˣ󷢳˺
Ʋʲ֪ʱסֵºëƮһëȻ䡣
֦ͷѻˣ罫վ֦Ҳͬ֡
ɪû׷ǻ񽫰ɪѸٵ˳ȥֵҹ˯ĴһԹľ֮ߣߣ˺óʱ䣬ֱסıѾȫȻûؽ֮Ŀĵصָ۽ͷһССꡣ
硢ֲͳùսΧ㱼ѾããֻʣһǴΪ飬ĥ
ҪһֱֹȥʱͻȻֻ꣬õɽݱܡ

 60 


·ʮصˮ۵һŻһͬбҪ˼壬ĿؿǰһʱͻµɽʯȻЩɶδüгѾһѽ˻ȥ
ʲôŭ
һۣ׹ߡ
䡣
ҡԲ𡣡ڲЩѵ׷׹䣬ĻϯصĴٲӰǵɫʯʹ˺Ϊһ塣һֽץĸ첲תߵչѩ
ҵҹĵط𣿡
ص£˴Զһɽͥլֻǡһ仰δ˵㱻ضϣ
ɡ䵭ɵĻվڴ֮Уȴͦβġ
˵仰ɷ˵ǣס֣ʾչѩǰ·һ·û˵ǽšŵüͷû˿ȵȴװ׵ʾ˿̵ķŭ
Ȼ֪ķŭ˭𡣡԰׵ɫоȻһڵУֻˮ˿ң˼лҵظţִţܿس˺ס
Ȼ첽ߣǲȴȻЩģĳһ¡
ҡҡֻ֣ǻعͷ˫û˿еĺ۾עһûκλظֱǸŽӵͥ԰߽˵ƻǵӡ񷢾⴦ͥԺþˣ۽Թ
˴ͷβҲûг֣䲢ʣֻǴ˽ȥչѩнӹһ̺Ӷԡ
ȷòᣬš
ˮͷһ˿һ˿ϣƤҲʪأǵ㲼һЩ͵ƺ򣬂ʢι״Ծ͸ɢӳž̶һ۾˫۾Ҳʪܵˮʵؿ顣
ֽ۾ʪԺ󣬻Ĺůָ⡣
⣬ţҹҪûСļ󣬷ԽԽƳѹŷܣΨһĴûйأʱɫĵڴһΨһͶĵطһϵĲľӳòҰףЩľ꽽ϴᵹһأһ߾߲ҰܵʬûɾºȻķһӡ
ΪʲôͻȻԼɽʵûתͷӰӳ۾š·ڶԻ淢ʡ
ҡֻɢɢġ˻ѣǼ˵ȥǷųѹ·ѹɽ⣬ĻƮƮȫ
ˣԼ˵ѣ
ʧˣֻǻعͷֵǵؿһۣΪʲôΪʲôҪҲ
û뵽ȫûԼ˵Ȼάűϲɫؽϵ̺ЩǸ⿴䣬ٿڵʱѾȶ࣬
ҲҪߣԭŹһʱ̱ȥġϺ磬֪ô
俴Ĭûʼò·ΪΪˣͬڳĬ֮׷Żಫղһеʻ׸ն
ҡջǿ˵᯼ţ´αԡ㵽׻󡣡
ЦֻǻȻ㱲
һŷ䵽ʵ˳ӵԼڻͷǰȫûһɵĵطµ͵ˣΨĿ΢΢
αԼ˵ңͺá
֪ʡ˫˫Ѿ͸¶ȫࡣͷ̶ˮ۾
ôܷǡ
ѾõϣһֻḧŪͷΪ˺Щ΢ɳƣ֮ͬ̾½ָһ˲ɿЩʪĲϾ˳ָλȥһթߡƿվ
Ҳý˸·ֻ֪˭
·Ӧ仰źȻѽһ޷Կ߳ʵ˭
Ҳüͷߵǰںͷ
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żһֻḷ̌Ÿ·ͣ··漴ȥҲӰ֮ϡ
ֻϸϸ㡣
ϾҲֶΡʰ·Ůһ׵ݸ񡣻￴ˣҲֻǼҳ·幤£ɣ޳֮Զż˴𺳸
·ɢһĿ·¯Ѭȴû˿̿
ΪġЦһ˫ϸϸ裬ŷָոֻ״ЩС֣;ޱȣޣŮɼ̬Щοʯ̣Щǰ͸綹ĵƻǾĵ˸˸һʱôˡ
ȥЩƻ֮⣬ĳҲɣǲʳ֮ҵĽ̻Իͣɣʿϸ֮£ÿһȤζĶˣɶ칤
һʱЩصδֽϣҲһʱȫաʰһֻС״ĵƣ̽ҡһ£ǵƻȻϨ𣬸̻𣬻̾档
佫ֻɵСĦһأһҡյƻ𣬷ʱ˴룬ͷ꣬Ҳɵľڶϡ
ȻǸ˳Ĺ󡣵ɪѾٽǰγȥ
ǰ·Իصȥǽ磬֮󽫻ᷢʲô飬ʮŮһ֪
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쵽ˣǵ΢Ĺͬһʧˡ

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һվںǰ˪ҶʸϵĿ٣ûһ˿Ϣһ÷ѩ￪ţΨһɫ
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ţΨ㲻뿪ңΨ㡣

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Ҳ棬ЩȥҲʡ񡣡
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ĬȻһſڵСӲ˼ݣ課Сԣ֣
˼ĬȻΣ΢΢̧üͷһô˵ⱱһһĺˣԼѪ𲻹ܣҼҵ顣
誴Ϊϱ˺ã˵һ˽ûУֻҲ˵˵ˣλҲȻţֻ˵Լû˿ԸλӲϡ
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 65 

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΢ǽ֣֪ôߵѣ
ҵĸѵɱҲɣңԹңҲͰˡ
촽ҧ³һ֮޼ƿʩֻҡ
˽Ŀ࣬޻Ȼǻȵ
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ӽ̻ǳĬʼӶΪĸҪ˵ģǾй©䡣ͥͷǣؽһ¶΢Цȥɡ˵ǻȥˡ
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ұȥĸ׻λӡ

 66 

ֵͬҶͥաؽͬȴʲô˲õޣʶڴ˹൱ʣͬؽɽ룬ͥǧ彭֮أʱַ괺֮ȫǶǻŽأʤա
סٽݹݣƫһ껨ббס͸չ⣬ֽɴǰ߲߰òˡؽҲٿԽͬµҶǣһͬͻ
УǳĬԡǰִҶ󼸲ͩ١
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 67 

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֣΢һ㣬ԭһֱýҲ
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ЦŻӦƵᣬ
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Ӱ뻨ӰһʱӳϣʹǱͰѩɵļֳһɫ

 68 

ЩҩľƷŵſڵû˶ٹڸֱϻ¥㡣¥ǰһľͷһϡԽƽյ㣬ıԽţֲ֪ΪλЩȸԾ
Щ֮ĳһ仰ˡ
Ҳȥ˵
ǰһ˫ֳʦİͷڴΣգǱþȥѵϴԩҳɱǸ֣
˵ÿУһ˫۾ųҪһ粻Ϊ
ī¶ѿɼǵ
¥泯˿̫δʱ򣬻عⷵյͷںªĳ趼յã߲ʯǽԳͬƽղһɫưܵľҲ·һ̴ֳľɫ
˵Щ֮ĳ籾ˣʹһжԵøˡ
徻ļš˿ķϵĻ¥ϸһǰ顶ۡһһеسȥǼ塣
ƺһػشҵȻ룬һ֮ô֮ʵ񲻾ˣҪţֱĸ׺ʹȺ࣬ʹ¡
ȴһԶҲܸˮˣģģʶʦĸ׺常ܻףҳɱ֣ǲܵ
Ϊ常µģвǵĸΪס
ѳһΣ±ʣֹסԼŮҪڵĻ
Ѿһ֤ס
ͷѪʪ½󡪡֪ʱĶҩвȣԸ
ʦһ侲̲סг
߰ɡȥĳȻһֳһĿеؿǣײˡ
űʶԭҪ˵Ķ˺δü˵ʶԳͥλӹû࣬Զˡ
δ֪࣬Ҵȥˡ
ʱӦȻϯϺ¥ǻķϵĵطٽ԰Ｘûһˣ˼飬Ҵ¥ÿﶼᡣŽ߲ãһֻؽȺһᦡ
ͷһͷңײȺϯӳ١˼ˣҲʣϴڰֻһ㣬С밶ߡ誶ڣǽӭ
һп˳񣿡
ҡҡͷ
ʦԾˡ
Ҳ໰ֻ˳˳ˮǰС
Ͼʿ鮼һϲ֮ͨҲδȫǰģǴתһʱ˲ãЩǱٲýţԼݴʻаӿĽġ
誽£δܾȳҵʧ졭
ŷŰ˵Ľ棬διԿڵ誹Ըд£ָм
˵һЩְڳһݣ
⹫лһΪʦΪӹȶʦ˼ܲͬܡοͣһ£̾
׷鳤ԩ֮ʱҼżȻ֪֮ˣȺ޹ϵ
˼ǰ֣ǧǧĶŮûֱ˵ֻǳ̾һ޶˹ݣаµˣ֮ܶӲ빫幫Ӻ˼Ӿܷſ֣ȥΪϴԩΪƹ¡Ҽϱضȫ֧֡
ԣ°ݣæֲעλعӣ
壬ҵҲĻһг䶨һᾡȫҳΪ赹Ӻͻֻع
ˣ誴Ҳ㲻ʹˡüĿ˿̱ȴʮºͣ˿ˣĪøС
չģʻ̺л̫ͤѾüʱֻʣһ߽ߣʣµĶƲ֡ûһϸ꣬һʱɽֺһˮ̣ҡεøҡɫЩס
ҲǺϸôδ꣬ȻȴӣƼ

͵һæðٺɫС㣬ӨӨ桪֣ƽ֪ˡ
課ҡεسһʱɫҲһƬѩףϴ˿̲˾ٻĿ촬ԶֱǵĿĵӿ԰಻ɡô˿ɫѰʣȻͽǷˡ
彫ŵ̺£һҶܣʯӴ״ŹֵԵͻʻȥͬһƬӰʻһƬӰպø˿̵һ¾ѵĲ֮ء
Ǳʯϵһֻ꼱忴æŴܿ
Ҷս֮󣬼ǴͷҲƤײǣǳͥѲٿͧˣҲҷ
ǴΦϹϵһŷֵأˮ÷ô֮˹Լͣڴ˴ʱӰ˵ЦشͤС·ŵվڴϣϢעţ˾Ѿܽˡ
ǸһĳһӸЩģһյСơľ죬ͷң¡һԼĪʮ£棬촽һ˫һԴЦ⣬֮壬Ļ֮硣һСʮģŮ̧̥ͷʱйκ֮״
ǽ䱸Ѹ䡣Ҳַ֮ɫѾ߳һֳʯڣ¶˼ǡȴ½ŵգһ·˵˵ЦЦֱˣһˡ
곤£漴񣬡⹫Եڴˣ
ãʶüͷ
Сĵ°´ˮڵϾһСˮӣɫܰȹʱ򣬽һསȹ֮ϡ㲻ɫؽƬȹ˲ḩ
ӡ˵
̧ͷ˿ͣļ꣬
ˣǲһ𡣡

 69 

ˮѾʼڽ
΢΢ʱȻʱڣż꣬Ľ϶ҲЩذĻ걻ˮʪ׷׹ڽˮƯĿ´˾ʹ˲ʤ̻
۳ͥĹǺ͹ոʧȥذ縸ʦ龰ƽ
λӣһλټλͣڼߵС֮꼱󣬽ڵѲ˲óȻֻڷ˲֮ɽʯʱܡ
Ҷ֮ʱһֻƣϻοջƣȽУȴҪӺࣺܶ
ֵҶ඼ǽŵľ죬ϴ¡ΨһСţ֮ޱİ衣һԿݰСͷ
ϸˣϴܵ졣
˫ƯһۻһȦΧڴеˣҶĬؿһۣûеõʾȴǰ˵ıﶼȲ衣
λӹԵڴˣؽ״ƲؿڣѽҴܵļʮֻɳսö֮֮
λӣȻǲʶģȴһ֮Ե˽ɻĿͶΨһŮԣضصͷʾǲҪڡ
ţǰչ΢Ц
żȻκˣ֪꣬δȥڴ˴ӡ
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һŶķͷȻ·˵޽ٵԸš
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ֻ΢΢ЦұڴǸˣҪʲô֮ҲùʡȻλ뱻ţݱܣλſģǸµˡ
ֽĿתǼλδģصת˻⡣
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ӣþӴλ
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ذΪʱշˡ
Цʮˬʣ˵Сˣʮϲôۿⲻ׵ԩ˵Ҳʲôæعһ
˵⻰ϸϸĴһ⻳誣ڴϣѰǸԼϤӰӡ
Сӽɺã
ĸһݡ
Ǿͺáٲ׷ʣ誴֮ûмˣദһ̣ɾ;ƺȫ
ﲻͬأ課δü˼˼һкϡ
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뾡ƴ
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УһʱһֿµļžƬžȿڵȻСˡ
ҲµĲӺ͹Ǵ˿Ӧ;
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Ȼˣôɼɡվߡ
׼ңʶ֣Ҫȥǣס֮ˣʶԼٶףƵ
ĻΪͻĶ΢΢ţδƽϢ
䱸ضͷ˼˼ؿ𣬻誺Ҳδעľٶµؽַ£̧ͷȴĴ𰸣һ˫ˮ
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Ϻˣƴʿһ߾ٻǰţһʵ
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ԭӡʿȻŵģʱԱţҲ࣬
꼱Ϊڴˣ
Ϊ̰浺滨ݣʱδ˴ˡȻؽȥ
ԭˡʿ΢ͷƫһ¸ʱˮȣ
⴬ƺˣ
ҵļŮ顣
ˣɷǿһ£
΢΢ЦղǴȡ֣ǲȥҪҸӣҹͷǹȥΣ
ʿԣһ£΢˼һ⣬ӳ֮£ֳξִ֮飬Ҳһ롣
ˡȻˣǾͲˡִٵش𵽣ΪڽţЩ͡
лżֱ档
߶˵ͷˮȥȴڳͥݹоؽֱ£¥Զ֮ͣ£¹鷵С
ðŴÿӸһ誾ͿϼѾʪ͸ڽŵµεʪһƬ
æժңڴš
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ǰؽˣڵ˵һлȴӲƺô˵Ҳĳл⣬ֻΪԸǷ顣
ʲô֮
߲̬ȹһϵˮ飬Цʮֳ죬οʲôԡ
ָŵ
ȥŲԶˣȻλӺ͹ԸټˣôڶҲףΩ֮ƣǻصȺȥΪϲߡ
ӽն飬ձر
½ϵСƵůɫĵƹƯǵء
ר־ضǰС磬ͻȻЦݣõЩʵ
ϲԴһιټݣˡ
ǲʲô˼ǳЦ
ȻټӣΪһ
ԣҲٶ˵ȥ
Ȼǵ硣
һԣ롣һׯĹ˵ԡ
ֳҶǿְһʪ͸ӡ
תͷЦ޷ǻȥɡ
ͥλŮڵİصֳĴȺﻳлὫٱ֮ǰԼģԷ̨ǩֽǡ
л֪²򵥡彫⼸ִҧ
ôδأ
̽ԵʵҪİ壬еĿĲǳˡ
ֳĸƽȻǺ׺ʦף˳𲻱Ϊӣ
彫۾Ҫɳۿ˻ߵغš
ˡ
һͰ˵ȥɡӽҪԼ跨Ϊױˡ
ȻʶһۣȴԼĽźտյ·һ׵£ȴ

 70 

꣬էůʱűһࡣڶһʱ黹¸סڴֽž졣
Ҫȥ׽һȴһװſϣüɰһһ
һʱҲסȴ䲻Լ棬죬Ŷá
ȥȥҪǱô
ѲͷأϣմѪҲҪˡ
ͻȻǰȥס֮µĻ
޾Ϳޡᶨ˵
ûޡ׽˳ӣۿšȷʵûޣֻɳʣ
ҽܵʮŮ֮СݵضԻ˵ҽ㲻Ҫˡ
֮̾
׽ΪЩµġŮͻȻ̧ͷûϵظһ飬ԼԸģϲ㣬Ը㣬ʲôϵ
ΪĻЦˡ
ǾһֱŰɡͷڵĳɫ۾
˵׼ҪҲϲˣҪʲôңͲˡ
鲻ᷢ롣׽İֻһ̣ڻߣܺܿغŮǰת˸Ȧ
ͦģ㿴أ
ȷǺܺţûбװÿŮˡ
ذŮ̫խǿǲģͲһҪЩȴϸԵӢ˲ͬΪĽټü۹֮伫
·˴ˣҲÿΪԼЦҲûа׽Ƿݹɵķˡ
е뷨ֻԺת²ȥֻǵȻ̫㻻ɣҽȥЩŮ˵·㴩Щ
˫鶯ȴȻǰתת׽ǰǾúÿġ
ʲôһ
׽նظһ飬ǾúÿġֱۣüëšһǳǳģǳÿĽᣬֻоҪңȴƫ˵ҲԶ
˵⻰ʱɫΪ棬һ˫ͫǻ谵ɫҲɷŹ⣬ĳŵС
׽ֻǲģ˵ʵ֪ȥѲǹˡ
ʤƵذͷȻҽ㲻ҪңҽĽ˵ţܿŲҴҵȥ
һʱ⿴ȥֻѴҲʱˣЩԵ
Ǹ۾꣬Ƥ𪣬˴Լ
ӷ̨ȻķкһͼϸЦݣֻ˫ĿȻա
뵽⣬ǸոչϵЦҲЦǰǳεߵꣿһòɫ˫ۣЦ˴Լ߰꣬ȴԸѳ̨˫ĿʧҲԸִɱԼ
ǰĶ飬ײزÿο˫ۣҪöԲסƽشҲӱغơ
ʧ˫Ŀת۾һӣ˹
ϣһգЩʵߣôǰСӡˣ
誹øĹ
õȫһˣʱЩңӲϲеĻҼ̾͸ˡ
ģûϲһɷףæҲáӶ˹һ¶ͷѩȿ˼յ裬ҲԸԣԸһֻɾŵѰõȿŽȥһһСѣˣֵһơ
⡭ôʹãҪƾܣȴäóȻ֣һʱ޴롣
ڱأЩǰûгԹұҲûҪԣҪҲǿϧ˵԰ЩСָöŵϣһС
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أѲԼδ䣬ѵһѻƤùʱͷƮСѩǼͷմżѩĭſվסƤãѩĭɾصһüͷ
˽·誷Ųá
ٸղ˵ͥһ³ˣȷʵô˵Ļǲţܵõȵ誰Ȼ£ʲô¶ϸϸΪ֤һĲܷ¡
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ɫһ˼ǡҸȥκ֣ˣ
޴⡣ɫ糣Żѹܴݵѡ˵Ļȴûһ
κ֣ʹɱֳִᷢΪֵܣ򸾣ȴһ˿⣻Ϊӣ治ֹ֮ة֣⣬ݳءȲҲ壬ʳ֮ͽˣǲǣ
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⹫
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Ůıԣеʶ֪񣬼ʶԶĹгһ˳֮λм档
Լ˵ˣĹ
ԡ誳һ̣λҲɣʱȻԸ
Ҳ˵ֻܵȳͥңƳ
ǲõȣκԼ
һֱϣ֮۹⣬˼ԶοЩһֱͥյ鱨Ҳ֧۶ϡ
κȴκϲǾ֮ˣ֣£ݶ޹ҲȻǶΪϴԼŻϾɱġ
ͥɣ˾׮ѽѪˡһս˵˵Щٶ۵٣Ҳͨйؽڡ
Ծ˵һȻ˽
˵ʲôأôһսģ
ôתͷȥһ˫۾׽˿̸Ѳڹ鷵ϱδˣ֮Уѩĭһ̿ůůʱһ硣׽һкжףһԼժ׸ţ
ٺͻ˶Ц
׽ˣô˵ˣ

 71 

׽ˣô˵ˣ
Щ޹£ǰϲȥ죬պôˣת誴һ°׽תʣôװ磿
ܱصϮҳһսﲻޣȥˡ
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調˫ˮȴּᶨޱȵӣһʱʧٿ˵ȴǳ԰οŮǹ㣬ѪŨˮֻһʱϣҪģշ˻Ȼͺˡ
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ѹϣΪС
ϰ֮ˣͦúֱɻ̧ͷʱЩ̱ߵӣ·ͻȻȫ۾Ҳǰɺյ޲ȥЩ
ϡҪô֪һҪǿľĺԶ˼
Ǵ˿ʶԣϢ֮䱻ĥ޴ĸı䣺֮ǰĻԸչѩƴһսҲԸһǰĻΪϴֳԩֱɱصķ̨ڳ±ڱغ࿹
յĻΪƣ̳˲֮裬˲֮¡誱þοȴַѣһվѷǴǰ
ʣѹҡҡͷ޷
վ˿ɫʱȻɱຮļƮѩɫҲ調ʱ磬˽һһС¡
Щڲʱ׺Ͳѱϣ˽ҪƤëȥϾͷܣһʱɹ
ͷ۵ذŶǣµȥץȴסˡ
ˣͷӲµҲƽûʲôסһϾ£ҲЩƽϣԾͽ顣
Щ㵣Σڸһ˿Ц⣬Ҳá

 72 

îʱһʹˡ峿ϰߣʶ߸ոշףһµѸţȴ֪ʲôŴֽϸ֪ҹıһޣ绹δס㽫Ѿϵ۴ӼͷͷһҲˣֻǰۣƺѡ
ŵػش£ûˣ컹磬ֻ˯
ȴ۾գüͷɫЩÿɵҲȡ򣬡ϲã
ûС誺εúܡ
ԭϳ˷˯ֻԹЦһԵöЩžȱһҲ޷˵䣬ҲȻǰ۾ɻ˵֪Ȼ͸ˡ
߻誣ҽ˷
ǵãпȲͺˡ誸˵ţ׼Ҫ´ȴסȥҹϨ˵¯ϣ˵誺ˣϼЩѪɫ̿󣬻ˣ誡˻һϱӹһ㡣
⵹ʱˡߵ£
Һ͹ҹҲͬߣСʱ˯֣ӣҹԼֽ֮鶯ãһٺҹҲˡ
ˣ˭ҲûȢףҲʱʱһ˯һҹ˵Щл
誾ţ¶ɫ
ҹңٰǨͣϤĽ̵֮գйҹӰӡ̾
ҵĳһø磬ǣ褣أұĻԹգҾȳذȴ㵶򡭡褣Թң
˱ֵˣͷȥ嵭֮裬ԹӦûܾȳӣգҲ֮С
褣һҪ˵Լʲôִٵġ׽Ķ֪ʱͻ´һöӲĿǡ
ûС誺̧Żҵ˼ֻ˵誶⣬ҲԹ֡
üĿȧǣһ䵭֮֮࣬ʱַݲ˴档Ϊ̾ڴߣ֪ذգ㣬Щɱġ
ֲᣬ֪
һʱƶŪûƢɶЦ
ʱ˵Ҳи˫ĵܵڰƸˮұ롮Ҳֵܵ˰ţˣҲǶԮа׽߰æҲȲ֣Թ㡣룬Ļ𣬲֪ôҲˡ
誱·ߵһӲĶ쵽ࡣ
課ͷȥ۾΢
ǻĽ
и㡣֣ص˵ҲʱҲ챱ء
ҲſʶҪܾȴɷ˵ؽֱͽ
ƴǣⱱŵˣ֮󣬱֮¾ˡ
޷˵΢΢һ٣ƺҲ˵Щݡ
лϡ
Ž˽緹ְСŽǸСеִͣͷϸÿ춼һҪ
ϣ誱ȥӹأõȥԲذĹ֮Ĺʱ˳㰴ŻѰ׽˽
׽װ磬Ļ˵һսл׼ѲأҪǻʱѵ̡
´˵䣬׽Ȼ棬ãƶǶֱ뻳̶Ͼ˵ˣ׽֪
ҪϾһ£һ֡
֪䲻⣬㻹Ҫȥ׽ǰһ˲˵ľ룬ڱʣֻ˼΢΢졣
㻳˾ģȴĿºЩҡЦ
֪ҲҪȥ
Ϊʲô
ֻһ׽վԭأһۣŴʻ˵ȥȻãܵϾ顣
Ҳȥôأ
ҡͷͬСɣصȥοкȾɫҪؾᣬģܵáһ̡
֪ˡΪӰ죬׽˲䰲ʣʲôǰϵģ
㻹úѲأǰæǿʰЦһЦ׽ȻǺɫشӦ˵һĻҲȥˡ
֮󣬻Լҷг̣ʰһžͿдһ̾ľѹţ˶ϣ

粻ʥϽռ̡ع¼ԼգѣҲա˶³ٸһһ걸̡֮Ҳѽ˴ֻС

дúżֽīδɣˣȴٲ̾Ϣλֵܣǰͷܵ
īֽСҡҡλεش˯СľͷһɫСȹӣ軹ϰŸܵķȥ׹һ粺壬ϵѻɫԽԵ÷۵һСС˶յֻܹװ׶̶̵Сֶ
͸갢ˣ͸갢ˣһһţǾ丽ܻ꣬෽ԼĪ꣬ԭѾ˵úǸ誻߰׽ʱƫϲ˵ܻȻ֪ʲô˼һѰϾ˸ߡ
Ը㣬Цúܸˣڻ§סĲӣˣҰʱ
żˣ
ҡͷˣҪһòŮȴŴô;ɤ§ŻЦúܽƻ
Ҳ˺Щǣ°ҳԡ
ˣԽֹסЦˣɿŵԣ㰢߲죬Ҫˡ
СһƲԵúܲԸЦ°ϥͷһλǸϲϲӣڲûһСϻһŤССϻĨֻ͡һֵĹʹӳȥЦţתܡ
ûܵſڣȴࡡһײһϡȥץСѾڵϴ˸һ̵ˡˣһ
ô

 73 

ĲǱˣǰ׽֪ҪѲǹأǸӣȻô˵ˣʱӦѾ·ϡʶʱ׽߽ЩҲЩůĻϲ
·ô˵鳤һ˲ﵽ׻ϣԼ̤ǰնдδ֪·ʱԼߣԼһ̡
ذȷϣġ
׽߽ˣЩʧǡЯ֣ȴֻűֱʧ¡
һæôˡ׽ǿ̧۾ԭÿҲûһ˿Ѫɫ۾ȴյͨ졣
ΡΡ˵ҽĺںͷͻظˡ
ڣܵŮʱĻ֮ǰɪǸÿ궼ظһˣּ䡣ͻ˺ںͷζţɪԺòˡ
˵˰ɪȻһΪֲҲǺ޿ܡҪǣںͷصܣŸ߸ʮλѾ˳ǲͬͬ£᲻ɴݣɣڽȰɪ֮ǰǻΪ˸ϵλãͷѪ
ģ䣬ɽ𻢣һ
ʱĵһӦȴǰѰ׽§ůݷ綳ʧɫļĻ׽ƽҲ˽֮࣬ǰĻź;֡޽ǣḧĳȥںڳϵĴѩֻдŻ촽ϣܸܵĻ̻󲻰
Ѿƽˣһ
Ҫ嶯һеס󣬰׽ȴ̧ͷҡҡͷ
һظܣǸλá뱱䣬Զؾȳҽ㡣
δ˵һʱ֪λӦŮѾһμᶨص̧ͷͬＳȡ㹻ůѿ֧ԽıѩͿ磬ǰ;˵һƬڰ
һظܡҡ
ЩʽýЩҲġʮŮһǳصģһȥѣ
ûף˭˭ǡ׽ְһĿĵطʶ˳ȥͳһۣϵǰ׽ƽֻ塣
׽⽫ֻģذҽ㣬Ҫ䲻׼˼棬Ҹʲô˴ȥҲˡ
Ŀִ㵣߷ֲ⣬׽ֺǵһЦΪһȥҪӮλãȻҪҲñǲ٣Ҫýɲ֧֣͸ʮþȡ
ҽ㵽׻ţֻҪţǺܵŮϣôһеλáҪܴӹﴫҽŶľɲƽؾЩˣȻ֧ҡ
ѾЩɻʵû꣬׽ϣ
ܵ˵ģǲˡԸҸһ𣬿ǶѱֻãңĲ͸Ƕȥ
վס½ֻպãֻܰͷȥԵĶùܣȼ˶ҽзִ硣
ǳõû˵׽ײһ£ô㣿
ûôڻͷЦֻҵĽʲôʱҲѧ˼ϸ壬ұȲˡ
ЦĻһԭȽնʱ׽Ҳ׻ָյģȻЦֵȥ
ô̵ģҲЦ
û׿ô˵ƽ࣬˰ʮϵţЩסռǸĿȾѧЩԣԣ̵ġ
ҲԻ˵֮ܲԩ룬ֵʱɽ׼Ҫ򼸸硣
׽һЦЦˣԻ˵ҺȻһ¡
ʲô
Ǹ˫ֵܣûִºɳǸٿ˵٣
޶ûѹ˼ʯ׽ǡôԻ¹ȷڱټɳмڶǴ򣬻ڰ˺ʮصκһطϢǻסʹѾ˰Լ˫ֵܴظܵǸͷ
׽Ҳµ˴𰸣ͰԼĻ˵ȥǵҲóˡɳûй亦ãҲġҲˣͳǵɡ
ƫͷŻɫȰΪģ͵Ϊ˻誵һƬġ
ʵϣò˵ʲô׽ѾԸ˽˴ǵ෽ȫ׷ɳ
һţ誴ɽػʱҲοˡΪǸʵûзʲôֵܣһƬ֮УԼ˫ֵܳ÷룬ڰƸˮһ
˵˻ֻŶǸķתĮѩ뿪
ⳡѻ誡ɳȫǣȥľԻϧλС֮ᣬΪһʹĴˡ˵ףⳡǵĸһѾ۸ӵؿʼĻʵ˼䲢ʮˡ
ŭƽ֮󣬻ʼ˼Ǳֹɳ̤˺ʮһסǸֵıǡӥɵططֻܽ˫ֵܼмΪѡ
սȡǵʢŭ֮µʯԼͷŲԼͷԼ
Ѫذ̸ڣıᱣ֤õӦеĳͷ
һ죬佫룬Ȩ䣬áҪһ֮ϣԵֻһȿĴҪԼΪ֮ıɱ¾ӪӪһУҪôתѣʣµģΪҽ۳
Ǹ෽Ļ޽һǽʱ۾
Ľɽ
֮ǰ
׽Ȼҡҡֱۣôˣ
Цûô뵽ذҪôɡ
ſģ׽Ȱοл誣бصӣǶϲҸ˺ƤֻҪӦ䡣
صЦգգۣҽŶǸܵҲ͵ǹʹˡ
š޳ɵػش𣬡֮⣬ܵУܾĺ񡣡׽Ϊһ仰Цһ˫ɫ۾Ҫ⡣
Цһ˲ϴ˸ղֻͷ뷨֮ҫӵĹ⡣Ů޽ǺͶͷ
֮󣬻誻ʱҾͳʱĹңɺã

 74 

յذƽ˾
յذһ˿֮طƽ˾Ĺ⣬Ѫֳ֮
˻壬յŴѩڱɽϵѩûл÷Ҳո³һƵС
˿̵صѾӭʢģӭŻᱡŮ΢˫Ŀү˺ǰ̬ӺݵĿ
һж뻳һû׮׮΢΢ڵգ·һյ̣飬ΪʱͬˣѾˡ
ֱ˳֣ǰ·ѱգվµʿأӭȺЩȻĴ
ں̷ǰ³Уǰжȥ߹ţצɫۣվǰֱض󡣻΢һӣϥأȴҲȴֱ߹ԣһֱȥ
ͷûû󿴣֪ܵͣʲôǰ
õĹľ䳤õפַءϧĦϷȫףһʹɥ˷֮״ûʮַ̡ģѵ
ƭͬƭͬй޵ƭ㻳ȻΪ
ˣкɱˣפڻĹľϣã·Ųиͬһأɫջ֣Ȼ
񡣡
鸡䲻ʵһɳƵɢڵϡ΢΢ȭվתλ۶ǿЦЦЦڲ԰ֽƤϣǴֱֱۡ߾̶Χӵǵм䡣
ϴμ֮俴԰ס
ڵ֮ȴҪ˷ȥ˼䡣Ψ˫۾ʾŴδꡣ
վˣɡ˵仰ͱ̶ǴӵŻߣĹļ̌෴ĵķ򡣻ͣ˼Ϧ֮һۻѡ
ƺǲˣǰͣסŲǸݵĻӰ̾Ϣһ
ǹ˶Բס
ʲôôᣬ·һҪɢˣԼĶ䡣
Ƣ˲ģȻҲܳȥ㣬ϴѩ
ûн仰Ǹ˵֮УռйҪһϯ֮صŮӣʧǰ
ʱ̫Ѿȫ価տʼʯͷƵɫֻһƬѪɫϦջںʧĵط֮⣬ɫĻһâδɫбҷڰɫıһѿеĵ
ɫһɫѿ˼֣ͷվûһ˽ƫΪǵŵ˵ܹҲû䣬˰ͣ͵⹬ԭȸסŵĵطڴʱһҪ
˵ȥԭסŵĵط
Щɻءšһ·һʲô˷˼Ҫ󣬵漴ı黺ͣ΢΢üëҲظԭ״̬ɿشڼ䰵ĵƹ£òԳѱ˳
޷ҹʱҲûԵŮ죬뿴ǰסĵطȥɡתͷԸһ䣬
չѩȥ
ϤûһʱǽͨͳĬվǰǲ࣬Ĭػͣ˵÷ȥģ֮ϾûвǰչѩҲֵú̹·֮ǰ֮Щ飬ȫȻڡ
ߣȻǰͷͣ£ҲûϢظͣ¡ƬĬ֮Щʲô֪ȴչѩĸݶСģҽԼ쿴÷˼͸¶һǰ㡣
绳֮ʲô飬᲻Լĵطһǰ˿佫ɹ棬һӦԱöںĿģǰ˻һæ÷ǰͣ½Ųչѩŵ΢ͣ¡
ȥš
ּ÷ɹ棬һӦ˵ȲýϡԺתת
չѩ̧ͷһۣ˿÷һˣҲûƵƣŴԱգֻһȽţǹ˽ɨվԭδչѩ˵Щʲô˿̴ӽȥһӰȴ졣
չѩϵɫˣ˳Ŀ⣬ȥһۡ
㸸ס϶˵Ǽͭ˶ġ
һǵһΥּˡ󼸸ҧúأչѩȥչѩԸײ
ûֻʣ
ܽȥ𣿡ĿָȴĿĽţ˵Ҳչѩ̤ظȥչѩԥһҲһǵŵʱ򡪡عš
÷һ˲ڰͺ͸Ƕ纮űĺˮû
Ǹоûһ˲䱾ܵؾܾ϶ԼСãڴ˵ǻҵĳ͹ڣƤϸۣ˿ںڣЦ紺ݺõĶ
ŵĵطûлûûдݺֻޱ޼ʵĺڰͺ䡭ĵطĥ
Ҳˣĵطֻһȥ˵ţһתҲǱ޵ĺȥˡչѩˣһʱڣҴҸȥ˼·ȻվŸסţΪѵؿ
֣ȥɡҹɫ￴չѩҲͬǻҲ֪Ŷϣǲôһм֮顣
չѩ뿪ȴҪġ׷Լķ踸ʧںҲʼ
˱һңԣľɹجĴһֱ棬ɨ˶ͣˡ˷·ҪӪһδĵļĿ¼ǰʹõĺۼ
ķıָţʾдֻ֣īˮѾɺ̨˺ɫī飻ɴؾţս·̼˰£ЦŻ磬Ƥϸף۴Ůɫ滹δ㾡˿ĵ£ǵĻҳɢżʣֽ
һ˲俪ʼչһЩֽΪʲôգյʲô
ΪʲôϢҪҲ˿ǰȥʰЩֽƬ߬ֽƬѾЩƣ¹⣬һЩּ
յģдʲôΨһʣĽ
ͫ׷ŴˡǡߡܼҶĽŲڶ𣬻ɫؽŲֽսУչѩ׷ͭ˶صǰ½͵ں½Ƕմ˻ңһһɫָӡͭ˶һֱֻۣ˵ʲô˵˴˿Ѿգ۾˳ӵضչѩ˵һжͷ
ȥͻȻڣչѩԭء
˶ӣ㸸״˽أҪĻ鷳̵ؽ͵㲻ùܣ֪ԼĶȥѿǰסĵطûʲôҪˡ
˵գҲԼ˳ȥһţѩİ¹˼䣬΢͵ȴ˪ٸһ͸Ϯ

 75 

ƻ׹𽣬λۡả¥ƻ·ȼϢ¶ȷ·ļˡԶǴŸŮŮԹһ̨ͤ¥ˮ֮䡣
һģ忡ʦδ꣬һ壬ϲ˿ЦŮӡűɫ°ɫɴ£¶ǣ˵ʱ۽Сӡ
ΨƵһǣǻ䵭ֺãϷʵͬľ뵡һһǱả¥ûб߼ʣͷķĹ˾
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ӣҪǲϲЩΣһľ̰Ѽֱߵһ
ҡҡ֣ûУǺܺáԼĵȴ
ܿ죬ȴĶͳˡả¥˴ƾѹƵʲ֬һ԰סϵıĪ⣬ЦЦ·ả¥һƯװΡ
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ӡֻһ£΢Цɾ˷񣿡
֪Ϊ˲˵
ŶΪʲôЦŷʡ

ʱʦһ˵輧ҲԾһʱ䶼סֲ費ֻĽɫɴϴ䴹£һأϷһ㱡Ľ⣬ڵƻԵұ
ǰ˼ߵм䣬輧Ƿ׷׹˳صͷͬ΢۵Ļ
֣ʦͭãһʦȥбϣֲ˼õֵĶذؼ졣
֪뼧ֿѡһΪģֻĽ
һ㶣Ϊӻǹ
һ䣬õ£˵ˡھЩӣӵ飻ǰֵذҲٵ㲦˿¸ĲƽûϢˣҲ֪Ρ
˵̾˿ҸͨţүĲؽļɢҲѹܡ
ҲΪ
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侹ȻϷȥ
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Ǵǰˣ𣿡
ͲˡԼ¶æؽةÿɲ˳ġ
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˸֮⣬ӦûС ⲹЩѣûʲôдţ˵С˽ܺãɹǲŸ룬Ҳǲ˽żġ
ţܽʱ򣬿ʱ߲ûидţôյģֻһţһⲻڻˣҺܿѾ˲𿪿ľšôֺأΪʲôҪջһŸţ
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ɲԺҲ˵һʱֻϸϸ˿鿸̨š
ĵطһˮ鿣һŮһ֧衪꡷ȣмģİ塢˿áºȾѹŽɣŵǳ
ˮܶ»ɴ裬輧ĵΰɴ֮£ȷ紵ɴʱֽ¶һһ¶֮䣬֣ʤա
ԸԵ̫ȥҴң¶ţǱسϷҸ޵赸ǻתϸ裬ײ⡣ˣֻл΢ܼ䡣
Żɫ˼ǲ˻һӡ忡˵ڷ³ȴһĴ磬üƯóҴְ
˵ʱ̬Ҳúܡ˷Ըޱ𻰣³ˮ鿵䣬ȡĵº˼׷Ծ£м־η
ͣˮ輧˳ΨʣһˡһңŪͬһˮ档⿴ɴµӰӣϺЩԵ֮״û⡣
һ̧֣ºҼȻһϵĵӣ絶һر䵽ˮӾӰСϵ⻪貣һ·ֱԭȱɢŪסĿ·һӴһǿ磬ֿʼһʪɵˮһнǡ
طƵ
ǻӣصһ֧˳ʣȻ輧һʱͣ˽ŲߣҲסˡʱ˼׽ڳ㡣תͷٿ֪ΪԼ׼ġ˳սڸ賡ȻóԹɫͶá
һʱһƬ᯼֮У˸ûбĶšǸҲģû¶ȣнʵĹ󡣸ԶԶһ£ֻСɫѵһһˮ
᯼ݵػһ
˳ϣºСĹ߳ˮ鿣ֽ佻ԭҲǰֻԶԶ߿һۣⲻصһͷȥˡһ£ڨЦŸͣ
¥ˣƢãҲô֪ô֡ϲϷ裬һںñȡ֡
ˣ޷ġҲˣⱭҿɾҪˡ ˾ٱҲվҪرȥˣҪͨʱҸӴá
ȻҲٱ΢Ц

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ĵܴܵ˿վڸ߸ߵ̨ϡǰչſ·ǧ̲ǰƺƵſȥ·̲羡ͷվĵطӰǰĺһ֣Ψе죬ںڵĽ˱
֮£һ֡ľˮս࣬Ǹ׳ͣһʮǴ˿ڱдеӣһϢӰӡƼˮ޽ĵ㽫̨Ӷʱר־û
ͻأÿһɣ׼֮·ΪģһƸʰ·磬֪ű֮ϣԶϲλܣһСǳʲͬԭ룬ȱǷȳ
ʲôȳսȳ
Ҳֻս֤ļֵ
ƳһѾȫȻɢȥһֽɫ̫ӺԾ֮ǰմļµ·ҫ֮£ȺɽŽ֣ľͷֳǰ
ע⵽е죬һ֡
ôʲôʡ
㡭ô
⻰üͷ̫ˡһ£ʶ˵ӣɨһۣȲֻս
ȷʵӦ͵δ֮ʱͥһֻܶǧֻͶ޶һջ֮ͥѹżˮҲԶǰⲻֻս֮ġ
ȻҲˣμƽϣüͷøƺ̸ܲӵʱ򲻹ࡣ
ƳʵҡҡͷҲ֪δǲӻԼҲѾ˳ȥֻԼȻõġԮС
һֻˣ˼ȫϣʲô㣿
üǰȥݷó·ͳ֮ͥǳˡ
Ʋ֪˿֪ˣҲƽɣԸȥŪκζԲԼ顣
ѵһĽţ˼ܣϸѳߡʱ룬Լĵܵ˵ЧԼǶԲԼԼǡ
˵䣬һϮĳɴѳ˱ƺͳվʩۣ֬糾ͣҲ˾Ķǵò˿ˮĺϴƶ֣¶һͬɵġѾƮǰЯ˼ϵ㽫̨
Σȥһеسס䡣
·÷ͥңֻ˵֧ͳ߱֡
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һһҲõһϢӽĺϢ
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ʵˣһ·Ǹ֮أıʿޣôҪȫĸʹȺĶĿǲܵģһй⳸⡣
˵ļǡţҪһʧضλԼûõġΨҪңһסĸʹȺ⹫ûأͲòϸΪ
˼һϯϣڳ˂˼û˵ֹһڵͷ׿ϡ׵ܵļƲ߲ȫˣˣ˼֦·ȥ壬·ô΢΢һЦһǻĸȥ
д۾Բˣϴӳͷ˶ľٻȥ㣬ٺúô㣿
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ظһ飬Ծͱ㲻ţҲûʲôġ
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޷ܰﵽֳĸûʲôҪһЦ˵㽫̨ǵһȻλӡ㽫̨ش·ϣжξ룬ʻسʱ˷ᳵͬˣ˼ͬˡ
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ĻҲոһյʢţЩˣܿиȶȺʪȵĴ߳пš
ҲΪ֮ס˽Ų
ʲôһֻƿ˳ԭ谵ߡǵõϣȱʵС
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Ѿ彣ϣ˼ۼƼˣ߰ס֣磬ʲô
ҵҪĸϹĵģͷӣɱ˱ǡ
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仰Ȱסͷϵ壬һսʣתͷ
ô룿
˵ɽֵʱԭûʲôɫֱԼҸˣšڡһºԭŮӣ˿̾Ȼ֧֧˵̾˿
á˵²˳٣Щصͥոͬͬȷʵӡ

 77 

·ͥЩͬ˽֮˼ձǱλ磬ʮ棬һҹ·šᰳǡ֮ء
һ֮ǰ˼λֳͽ㳤סͥͥٽƵƽƽ̹ʶذ˼Ҷ޽¥סΪ֮ʱˮͻ˼·򿿽ؽ֪µɽӹظʶڵƶɽݵҲ޵õͰг˻ӣ֮£ɲɫǽڣͷңӳɫ
˼ߵʱĺ귽ʮĹפڣʯɣİʯӽиɽ׵ѩĭ
һʯȻ뺣ڰ𣬾ܹɽɣԼʮߣȻ֪ǺΨ̡쾡ͷ֣ԾȻΪ֮Ķǡ
˼ڱʵ˱Ǻ
һĻ˫ѩҵģǵ򺣽ֶƽСҲΪ׽ʣæ
Ǹү΢֮ʱı
˵˼ϸʼⱮּˣǸ΢ֱʡ壬սֱڣѪ뺣ɫ಻ˡʹ壬֮Ī·ǸۿһһҲƬֻӰ
ĳֻӳ޶ĸ常Ⱥż˼֪ⲻ常⹫Ľڣͥǲ˳ضȡѾõλֻ֪ĸаʲôĽɫ
˼ĸԸĸҲ뵽Ⱥ֮С
ˣҪţĸԴӣԴƸ磬һͬʡ
ſСϣ𽥸һζ΢Ц̾ԳԼ뷨
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ֳǣĽ㣬һصйƽ֮ȥ
һգֳеؿˮлͤߣŪѩ׵󡣽ͤ裬续ӡ
ջ˼˼в··뿤ظǰʿִԴ˼ͷЦԼҪϢ֮ǰǲ˱÷񴦣ʱЩʿǴȴǴ˭
֮ͥ䣬ˮ·п˰ǷԱɿвöϡÿһλأǳͥ׷⣬ǳԭмĸŹ塣˵ףԸ濪󣬹ʶĳǲǿΪ
Եڣ˼֪˵÷񣬾ǿȡһֳ·ϰӣɱ֮ƽеľͥʿвࡣһߣ÷˿̱֮ҡڲʲôƣڳʿ̬λ·뿤غڱСһ
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һԺϸϸһ󣬺ʻˬϮˣ㡣һֻ԰ɫʽĻͥһʱƮŵĶĻ㡣
÷ͥԺ֮УǸʮ긾ˣϸ׶üΪ˸Ծзϡ
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÷˼һֱֻȮһǰһֻСȺ̣ܶû˻￴ˡ÷ȴûһۣ˼֪ԼĻѾЧãƲ
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÷ԣԭЩһɨգȡ֮ءһݵأ
ǡͷɻѽ⣬ʶԴ֮в֮֡
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ˣҷ˵ֻͣǲ̿ͥúɽڶ񶾼ı֮Сˣ񲻿̾
÷˼ˣΪ裬ԣ೤ֹ̾
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ĸСţдĸľĶµ꣬Լǲ׵С
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ôأ˼ʡ
÷ܼᶨڡڵĻǰ֤ҾӶۣ·վƹһ

 78 

Сա˵ɻ
硭ӷֹ䵽ϣָ̧ĸƣĿ񾲣üۺЦ
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ʦ޶ɥĸĪ˵Ƕ磬ҲԸڴ˶
֣ǧǧóĸ׵ϣȻ㸸
ΪЧʮ꣬ѵʱ򣬶δȥʱλأǸڣºαأΪ˰Լһˮ
ӡš֣ǧǧ粵ţȴЩ
Ŀⴹ䣬ǰĸףȴ֮ӡŲǲα졣ĸԼҲ㡣
¿Ҳ֪ĸô룬ŮԶ׮ͷ˾ˡˮʯ֮ǰǲܴӼ𡭡ǰŸ磬ȰҵĻ뻹ǿġ
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𣬻ĸ׿ġ
Цٻ⣬м䣬ǽŵҲһɨա
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֣ǧǧȻ˵ĻϿȥȴûжı飬ЩƲ
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Ůˣֻһʱ֮ĸ¡ƮƮģһ㴵ڷıɴһ䲻ʵ
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֣ǧǧһͺãͺá֣ǳ谮ԼϲŮѧĸƤˡ
ˣΪСգ׼һϡء
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ˡ֣ǧǧȻƽȴȣ֮ǰЩ֮˿Ҳһɨա쳹׵ҲֹϢˣҶûɵشմˮһʪյġ
ʹСѾߴǰľϯȥ
ҪˣĸȥЪŰɡȻ˵ҪҲһ׮ˡ
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һ磬һǺЦϽɷĵܵߡδӣֻʿѩҲӵ£һǽӢʱ͵·пǲ
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һͷ壬ȴҲضֻɶ칤Ľ˼ֻ˶ĳڿ·裬Ȧ֮ȵط
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һ߸˵ɽʥĸӣҲ֪С˭ģ֪ʱγʲӵġϡ
δڣһסļͷЦ֪Ҳ˼˵һȥǸʲôˣôɶ칤ա
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Ӷ۹ģվһŮӡĿ̴īȾü䵶ã滨һһȻƫͷվǶЦؿŹóһֻȭͷСľϣ˻ɣŻеҧ죬ľͦÿһؽڶ硣
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˵壬˵ֵѾֿȺ򹤽ʩһ
֪ɷմ

 79 

һѾܵߵľżȲûע⵽ǣר־ؽľսСȵ߹˵ſ΢΢ЩЦ⡣
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һʱλع˭Ҳȥش⣬ֻз쬴ᵯ֮һʱš
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 84 

ǼߵڶóͥһҶһʱûиκˡȨԼͨпͣһȻ
һͥؽףȥͿүݣμӳƽ硣ӣе⿴ȥԾɸҶǡ
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 85 

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 86 

һ壬磬ϰϰ΢紵ݹˮȵոҪƽʱ򣬼ߺͻӸס廪˶һ֮ԶǿͣʶҲ࣬ʾ֮⡣
Ƕģ׷ŶһŮһñ粮ˣ۷¶̻壬Ƕؽ򶨳ɣһڲʱ֦Ϻ⣻Ůò˱ת黨䣬޹䣬·뿤÷
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֣ǧǧٽвס̵ػͷƽ֣غͬأû˻Ӧ
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ܲ˵Ѫ޴󺰣ɱѽƽϢӵֻصԼ
ĸȥ죡˿΢š
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ϵǣֹסСֹʵ򶨣֮ǰǸģ
Ҫ˿תͷϼߵĿм಻ȱ˼ͽˣ𣿡
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ɫ԰ףѩѩҴӺﴺ˲زȥˡлѩһǻȥĺ⣬Ը߽
ڳѾţֻб߽ǳ¥һЩƻӨӨ˸Щʿڶɹεʪڳˮڶڿɱҹ
ߵ͸ҹ
֮ǰ˵ơָؾˡ
ϣ޿ˡ
Ҳǡľѳۣ벻ϡҲǱ
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 88 

׷ѩĭһЩںɫĺսϡɰ׽˿̹˲ЩŻĽһ·ͨ裬ؿڣĺɫʱ򣬲ŵĹءһ·ֱϳ¥ܵ
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Ŀǰȷʵˡ°ɣʲô˵
ĿǰڸǼĻ誡
׽ԣԼ˺սֻۣŮͯέжͷİľľһֻů˵¯
׽¯ڰ˫ֶ̻ţһ߹ϴһбۿ
Ϣ𣿡
ô棿
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⣬Ҳδ֪ڴʱȻͣ˱ʡ
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ѩڴп۶ȥͷ絶ѽ϶СϪ˴ѩ¶²Ұ羵ı棬䷴¹⣬һ絶˪Ļ紵֣һȻֽޱȣ˲ɵĴݵۡ
ԶԶཻɱ֮׽һϮޱҫۣһԸǹܲ͸磬滨ƮѩιѲڣҶǶ̱ӣо˷ż
龰誼ʿȮϽףȮȫɿ׼ս
ʱķϣѾѪɫȾһ۳üŮӷڳߣˣλڵأ·ȫѪۡ׽۾Ҫɱȥȴ裬ùȥ
ڴˣǰıŭȵ
ּɱϸǽ컹𣿡ͷղͣһ˴Խ׽м䡣
ٹ˲࣬սʮսȮѩ֣ѩ֮϶ĳУȫײȺУϹǣѪɽԭͰҲͣʱɱһȱڡ
ȥ㣡
׽õ˵ɱһѪ·ڻŮߡһʼɱ˸ֲɺܿҲʼΣʱֽ׽Χںģܲ͸硣ɼǾӢеľӢ
һᣬڼݳʿſȮʮǻĶȮȮʧȥǣƣ󣬸¶ѪڿҷͣսΧս˺ҧ
ЩսȮǾɱԣҲȣȥʹ˺ҧҧеһҽУθ׹أҲǣڵϱ̤Ѫ࣬鱬ѡ
һʱսѷ׷׵أҪôܾߡΨְ׽ʧ彣ϡγ׼˵֮ʣʿɱ롣

 89 

̴ӣԼа֮ࡣģԼ֮ģǴˣʮҡʣµģĹ󣬵ʱѾȫѳ
ϸ׶ѩսȮսģԼʮˡ誴ĲҲȻƣɱսȮ֮׿񣬶ҲĨƽһЩ
һȮ䣬бض󽫰׽󣬲һʱɱܣбܽȥˡ
Ҳ˲Ѫۣæ׽߸ȥȴﱧŽ㣬һǽһ㡣
ٿɪΪѪȾ͸ϸϼˣҪֻһۣʱһɫɷס
ɪһѶذһ²أѶûȥࡣѾҪˣλãҪǰˣ˼̾ƽ򾲵ˣɼΣһʱҲ޴롣
׽ᶼѾַڽϣɲһֵĺͮͮѪʺѩ˽֣Ѿû¶ȣٲȻһֻһ֡
㡭㣬㡣ţˣҾˡҪˡ
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䣬䣡׽·ͻȻʲôݣ˵ţңɱ䣬㱨𡣡
ɪҡҡ֣Цȥֻ㣬ܡúõġˣֻۣҪ⡣ҾʲôҲ˲áˡ
˵仰һɿˣӴѩкɳ
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Ҳû𱸣ֻЦ
Ҳ˯һغȥ
ͷ̧ҽгųԵġͳԡ
誴Ц˵ͷǴӦˣձ˸ȭȥҲΪзҵ˼ţԻغЪһءˣǰ
һ˹վţҶů߸һԺ׽
߳ȥȻ˲٣
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Ϊ޻⣬׷׽ˣŵأֻҲһмӣͬˡ
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褣ҲߡӽΪڡػر֮ʱұǸܵŮϣʮᾡȫֻѪծ
ȥһȥͲٻعˡ

 90 

׽ڿɫͻȻӽͽתͷȥ
ʦôš
޻Ӵõȵңһߣ˲ġ
ûˡŮɫ˪ɱ˽䡣
Ԥô죿޻ʡ
Ҫ𣬺ͻһ𱨳𡣡
ҲҪȡ𣿡
׽ɻؿҡͷҪ˵ǻĶҲϡֻҽ㳥
޻Ӷ
ҪµġͻȻ̾ϢĿⲢϣͶԶĵط綳ˮһɺڵƽϡ
ֻҪôСŮƵأҡͷϷ޻Ӳ磬ڳģűˮ̲ϣһ׶ʱĸҥ
ɣ١á񡭡
ˮݣ
Ʈҡˮϡ
ô죿޻ʡ
ҪˣҪȥߺŵģҽɣٸ
ɣٸѲ⣬㣿޻Ŷʣȴһ̧ͷ۾ɫӨӨĹ⡣
ɣٸŮңҾʹ
˵ɽؿڣ˴ѩɽ¶Ǯѩ͹ѩȥѩɽͷ
ѩУһЩɫĻѩ
Ǻѩѩ׷׽ǰصһŮҲǸʮΨһһԸġ׽ǰͰɪѻصǣ˿̲Żǽġ
ޱϲӭȥֻ䵶ѩѩбѩֱƶ
׽Ϻݳһӣż籩ѩ񱼵Ĺ˱סצƴת޻˶ѩĿȨ׽ѥͲγѷɵѪңʧȥ֣Ҳȴԭشת
ȣȣĺмŮǵķֱ
㣡޻ԭһ䣬ԼʧȥѾõͻȻںڿʼƴ
׽ûĻ֣ڵ˦Σǵͷʮֻצץһڵ档
׽γѥͲŵذ׼ظڳԯϡ
ʦСģҪˡĽͫߴѩþˡ
ʲô޻ûüг׽߸߻֣ڿпһΡ
羪Ļϯصѩ
ѩȮǱսȮҲ飬ĹձѶţͷ񱼣ѪͷɭȻ
棬ŮҲ˾ͣ߶ײȥ׽ժ˳ڸнĹȻ
޻ڿҵķƼŮһֳֹϰͦɫӨֻ䲻׹
ץˣʦʣµ֮ǰ׽˹һѳס˳ԯܻβţͬ档
γ˫ǹмܻӿ䵶ԯϷذףһѲۣۿѪѩ֮ϣʹԭشתҺ춯أ
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ϣѩѾôа׽ԼŮ
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׽ſڣ޻ʾҪۿŮǸЦջء
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Ϊһɣٸء
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׽ȼӳ˺棬˱
źء
ʱ˿̣󣬺綯أ˷Ȼ
¹԰
ʱ˿̣Ϲ죬ҰȺѻ硣
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ʱǨ޻Ծʱ𣬰ɪʮ󣬡ɣټһ߽˱ӡ
ѪͰ㵹УɣټźɫĳڱѪĻп裬ѡѵĵġšŮڱ崦һ˲ԿΪʾɣٸеܡӻźȥ
˺ܴһѩɣټźڷڱĿĵε˫Ŀ΢գëϲԡ
ѩļͷͳһվڰߣͬһƥһͭɫŮ
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գɣٸŮµİ׽¶Цݡ
׽޻һ֮󣬴һǧŮɽ뻳ϡ
౻λٽںŮһƺѡΪ⣬ʳ֣λ͡ղޣʱ໥ͽ䣬ţȡ֣һֻûлԶΪԵá

 91 

ûĹأ߾ͻ˺·䣬ԽԼ̴ŵĵëҲϡ˸˼ʮء
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˵ˣ̾Ϣһ˰ɪ֮£²⣬սزˣ𣿡
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۹أǹսڴˣ˺ʮΪΰߴһκˣȻеԼСĹ˵ǰԵ˵ĸ߲ʡ
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ⲻǷذҹţ
Ųͣԭؽ˾ִ٣۾ҵعͻ誵ķ˫Ҳڵء½ǣʱҪתߡ
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Ϻ˵䲻
˵ݺͰɡЦЦûʲôµģȥɡ
߲ʣЦӦҲǣҪ
ȵֻʣˣɫ֮ǰıعԮóȻؿսûʤ㡣˳ͥѣҲŵҪŸܱ෽Ѫ𡣡˵˴һۼߣĿЩɫ֮ƣΪΣ
ν󡣡
ôŵԶ𣿡
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̾ǰ常뾩ؽԭȸһ̫֮ˣȴֲӵأԲҲȥ
ʱ䣬ؽӣͿүŸʣҲֵһλֻûе̫ӵԸƧĬԣרɷõ֮¡˵ͬΪıʶҲٽ
첻һһдǲţʣµСҲҩ봽
Ҳֻ϶ǼеһҲӲߣҲ㲻ȥ
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ĲɫҲλҽ޲ڣڳһЩҩķǨգԻؽȥˡ
Ǵǵȴòٺùߺ常ס⹬ٲ룬һ굽ͷҲżȻ¥ңҹҹݾϸ裬ȴҲٲﴫԷ˵常ȥģıͼ
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ǶĿİ·ˣǴûмľչѩʼ־ĿŵǸг롣
ǼߣͿү˭֪᲻ҪˣʰңҪҹһѿ֮ơҪأɸյ˳ţչѩױ˸š
չѩͨͿүѸߣĽκΰ취
ӵ¾ҪΣֻҪԸ̧֣ŹҸӶˣʲô£߱ǡ
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ְֳΡΡֱɢɢһ¾ɫȻͬµĵõˡ
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Ҫûңͽܳһ飬ǩֻѺǡ
սսӹţ䣬常ѱںЪϢˡԺĲֹͣУСϪˮֹͣﶼһֲҺ֮С
߳Ĭؽͨһ飬亹壬ڵϣָ֪šָֽƮ䡣
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Ϊδ
Ըӹı¡
粻ӦԼζ߲š
ԩ߳˵ǶԵģݼԶɣƼΪݶϲ˿ء϶Լ괿Т˵ѣתһ˼ؽӡ
Ҫ˵ʱѻ鳾ΪΣǵĽֶѸı䲻˰֡
ݼӣ濴ྶͥһۣԸһϣѾǲֺ
Ȼòѯʣӿô
а½չѩ޹硱һࡣ˼۾ﵱȻ÷
Ǽ߱۾һͷ­صصдˡ
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öҩǶҩܽ
ܡֳƺŶҸôܴŶҩ
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ܼǡô
ⶼ֮ʦ常ǵöҩʥ֣¡
̾˺滢Цһֹס
褡
λ׸һ֮Ե֪Ƣ䵭Ϳ̶ƽ߱ҲС·ϡ˵£ʶڵؽͷŲ
誵Ҳҳһʱ֮ˡף˵ָܹ֤ݣ
΢΢һЦѵҲΪ˶Իͳһţ
̫СӺΪܲ¾ͰᵽɽƹоסƵһӦǲҪŴݡ˵ţıʼӡţ˿֪Ϊ֤ô
վЩŽӵ֣һȵĮڼ֮ɫ㹻ˣ
ַ߽ſ¶ظµĸɫ꣬Ϊ񱱵ͥΪ̸̣Ϊˣıַ߱ߴˣлү
ôأԸһͬ£º̺壿
߳ĬΣȴҡҡͷҲ¾ҲΪ˽˶Թ㽫ؽڽʿⳡս֤֡ݣṩİ֮⣬ҲܴӦˡ֡
̾˿ߵĻش𲻳ϡ
ȻˣҲǿˡն֮
ˡɫȻ䣬ˣʹˣԼأ

 92 

ѩͣˣѩĵðǵ÷
ǧĺڴĲˣͬѩۡĺ֮һɴաĿȥľͷƬɫȻ׹ȥ۹عŵԶԲããĺӣСӥɽΪһ塣
һֻӥֽƵǱػȥȥܿ죬£ͣεˣ¸Ųã෽ء
Ĺ෽ϣʱѾ˴⡣뻳誴˿վĹؿ֮ϡ
Ľ£ʿڲҵսۣ෽ģȥûһ˿ɫǴȻһƬףذսЩ͵Ĵ﷭ɡ
誵ͬƽһƽûʲô顣ʱҲ˼ȥ¶﾿ЩʲôһԶĬһ˿ºɻ֪Լ͹ˡ
׼ˣжˣƽһ䣬
΢һͷصףǧϽ彫һսսսȮûѩرãʴ˲ơ
ӣ
ûȰϼδżƫͻؽȥˡ
ˡҲûжٿϧ֮ɫȻԸ⣬ǿҲȻ
Ҳˣ
Թ˧Ϊ˧֮ӡĹؽ䰸Ϊȷ棬ȻֵΪȷ档޻ӵԼµʮһλŮԹԼƹܣѾվܳ
áͷʵеݲɶ׼ͣ
δУЩ˵Ĺ£ǡ
ѩģǰķƮѩ׵ģΪֳҲΪСá
꣬˽꣬ŵȵһ졣ֻҪһ۾ЩȥߣһһԺ֣Цòǰ
׻ô˵ô룬۹⿴ӽüһеһУʵԴǰǳܣһʮսβ²ִٲ̵ľţȻڹһɫĿ
縸Ȫ֪ĳӺŮʣһλ֮ıٴΪֳСøɻף
ǻ᳤̾ףѭ
СأɰһλˣЦ紺Цʱȴǽ߽ıعﲻɳӣһ˿ʡ
ûüʲôˣı֮СشѩĹֳ
ƴһһѪ飬д߱
ֻԸ֣һ֮ûʹак飬ˣȪ֮£Ҳο
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Ȼֳܵĳ֡
ԼȻûмһ档
ֻ󣬷ݹأб죬ɫСһºͿĳ֣Ķҩɲһ˿ң¹ƽӹ˵ذףնһݸǰðǱ빬еꡣ
ţصĵճӣȻ
ֻĻ棬ʱ޿̲̻ͬͬġҲ
Ҳã롣ĻЩȥ˾ͺδһֱʽǣߡ
£˼ЩĹ˹£תͷʻ誣ˣ
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ոӱγһ˿ʣ綼һ仰·ضڣңңؽָϷž˵ƣȴܴĶС
ΪϢĺƣҩ겻ɢݣǵ
չѩԣǴСһ𳤴󣬹ʶϢʱҲԸԣӲ뿪벽δչѩ¶ΪһУҲδʹк뷨Ϊ½һܼЧʵɱ˻
κε뷨
Ҳȷʵͬһ㣬¶Լ˼롣
ǸͦεıӰչѩһ
תͷصͷȥڡ
俴ǿİ½ͰΣȻЦЦҪ𣿡
չѩһͷȥ²ûУϷġ
ʲôɷĵġ뿿齵һϣû˵Ҫ㣬̧ͷվ˵
չѩԥվЩִ٣Ҳҿ
ҺЩˣǸһ𳤴ģȻ£ҲٲΪġ
ҡչѩſڣƺҪ˵Щʲôʱһ̶ߵư
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ҲΪչѩֻ˵˾䣬»ᡣֳظɫſţתȥţ˽ͨ
һװʹͨ͹ˣ
ϣˣ
ӿŵòţеѾߵչѩæȥ
Ϣȷʵ𣿡
ǧȷʮĹıоգȷӪ͹ڴռ˽ءغǣؽ
ȴȻǵģ·ϢԶԾ
һĵ·һ˵֪в֮ˡֻû뵽̵졣
ȥЪţٺ»份һܹǴлȥˡɽԲߡ
ҲֻһĹة͵ˡԼĪһʮҵ״أƮףȻϡݼƺ˲٣ԭȲ˿뷢Ѿ״롣
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΢ϡ
ةǰϳ־£αؾ񣿡
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˵ˡţδ˵ɫϾһ
ة˵ɡ
ؿ϶ݹӻ赣޻񣬴˴ΪֻѪծ
ɫκξ̧ۿţôةô
в֮ģ˵ȿԡȻšһҧˣҲٶ˵ʵ
ةƵߣ
΢мƽϣֻǻҪ϶ᡣ
⻰¶ϲɫ԰׵Ҳƾնһֺɫ
ة뽲
УǾϽþɳɱϾ籱ʢһԱ֮սֻʤ˿ճ־á
ַǣг˼֮״ʵ
Ͻֶһпߣ
ҡͷ̾˿ȴأ̫ƽӡȵµһսսˡһҪô᲻£δ֪£Ҫô竣áƽʱֻϽӢ֮Ӻγ壬꣬óǰš
ôֻ˵ǰ
ξʿ䣬һ㵹޿ޡֻֽ˵Եأǰ丸
ôԵΪȷ棬ϽӢΪ˧ةΪΣ
΢ҲǴ⡣
ЦˣҸةϬˡô˴γΪˣ
شƴ൱֮ӦС
᲻ִ̫٣
ִ١ӣָֻһǺܱ̳ǣؾԼǧܱ̳ǺأغˮػΪ֮ƣأǣǿǽذһˣˣܱ̳ҹߴ֮ڣʧ

ְ䣬һӡǣףȫһǰʧβȣ
ɳһ̣˵΢һвߣ֪ǷС
ة뽲
ǲӢһΪȲһʧǲˣΪ·Ԯˣɳף
һֻ԰׵ֶסˣɣ΢΢Цڷģãة֮¡

 93 

ǣ繳
оһͼ׽ֻҪһӾʹֲ᯼šǾӪıʿɲɵ顣
ִӻ̽ͷȥר־Ļһ
ʲô˭Ǹûб飬ĮҲ΢΢ǣһЦݡ
׽ͷһƤ㲻ɣ
⻰ЦδˣȴüǾУôǹƢɶˣ
׽ԣʱӣҲ֪ЩˣȲңˣ˵˦תҪߣæ
׽һۣҪ߻Ҫ
ϼЩֱ£һ֡

׽ɿڣԴӣ绳ȻҲвѡ£ŤŲԻһ⼸ֱŭȻԵýķǳ޶ˡ
ҿɲǸȥ¡ɱˣҿǸܵŮϣƽƽġ
ŶԣϹϾ񻹻ʶİ׽
ãŮϡ֪ŮӲֵʲǲͻˣŮһ󣬿ɺã
񻰡׽ڿưոݣԹԵߡ
˿Ѿҹֻſͼ׽ҲûУ˱ܵذһ𣬸˲һ׽ȥǷͼ
ҹôˣֻǿʲôҪʲô£һǣαԼాš
Цһ˵ҲһֽͼŲһȥֻû
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˵Щ׽ҲõЦˣ
ǾͲᡣ˵ЩЪ¡
߹ĵһյյȥӰӳǽһˮСֻʣһ綹𣬳֮⣬ֻа׽ѵ۾΢΢Ź⡣
Ъˡӻ̽ȥλ˧һյĵƻҲϨˡ֮ǰѾͷϵӣīһĳɢмظڻϡ
һҹߣǵĹĹķ޷Ƿֺ
ڶһ绳Ǻ·Ͻһֱ߳ԼѾǲϤĹˡ
һǰȫ֮صأȥ֮õԹʱ϶ҲûпԺмʿЩѾű˯Що񣬿߳ݺݸߴ˯ʿһš
ҡҡ֣ʾ˽ţŵزţϳ¥
׽ﰲȻ˯š
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ߵ۳֮˵󡪡൱רģû
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ʲôҲ춼û˵׷ʡ
롭ܲܲǣ
һ仰˵ûҲ˼Ĭһ³һ
ѡ
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ЩڵĿһȥѩīļ˷廳۾Ķȥˣ
¥ߣûûϡ
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޻磬ȵǣҲûʣµ˵̫ã̫᷿һǳǳӰ˾͵ˡ
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˼誽֮ǰ¥ϵĶԻ˵һ飬Ҳҡͷ
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Ĭ۲֮ĶԻ
ô֮ɷȰ˵ǣ誳ϿҵҼֻصһǱҪҲԸǣ޹֮ˡ
Ѳ˼ҡҡͷЦףȫͬˣ꣬ѿǣǲ̺޹գΪҶµᡣҪǻ䭣¼ǵ˳֮գɱѳǣҲͶ
誷ӱϵֽ˽ճȭɿĬһгһ
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΢΢ͷĬ
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޻öӣȻǰ̤һ
ע⵽лҪ˵
޻΢΢ף֪غˮضӲܣҾڰ;·亦
ǰ̽۾գضƽߣ
С޻˫Ұ׵֮УҲǴУ
ĸ֣ʤҪ䭲ߣҲҪս¾ϣһ֮以ͨϢʱͼ¡
һֱöӡһͣסƶ飬ҷһΧǣеȶܶüأʮĶ壬ؽǽǱûȡذͬʱһ֧ˮز࣬ȵȡ֮˼ٱϮѪսˮؽ´ݺԮءǿɳûˣһսء
誽һѯʵĿķͶ˹ȥ
عһۣ˵ͷ

 94 

һ£ع죬Ը߾ĳǽѣɢͬһɫĹ⡣ʣһʱ䣬ԶҶڵµӰӶģһƬ
һЩûӰӵĿҶ֮УŨҹɫΪһ塣ƥ쳣ѱ˳ëɢ֮ϣżЩΪõĵȴԵòͷڵϲٶӣҲֻߵߵ졣
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ֵȲʱŵ´ֵġꤡһӳҰС
Ჽֻǰ̽·еġࡱΪ޷ʹʿƳںЩΪܲ˳;ĸأ͵͵Ӳ׽¹ڳϣϵİĹװ˶
Ǳֹ֣ס궯Ĳ¡
ȻֻǶ棬ɴ˿ɫĺϣģƲ֮⣬ȻʲôҲ¾֮УͻһֻѻֽһԾǺĿ֦ϡͣסҹɫط⡣
ţ˳õ֮Уӵͷ紵ƹ֦ļХ⣬û졣
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һ֧
ķŨڵҹɫ
һ֧źļ֮ҹ֮ա֪𣬷·ԸǿձһʿҽһڳϣѪ߳һƬɫ
ԭȻĬĬнĶɧиļ΢΢ζʿǵϵط͵ܼԱ
زеĳֶܲһʱ䶤ǰ棬һּ󣬹ߵķλȻ¶콫ǹһУʮᲽϣͬһȥ
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׽Ůһһ·⵶һŵӪֱ˹ȥЩԱŵ·ٵ磬ɱ֮⣬˳ƻ𣬽ȼŲϨ͵ȫƵڵϣطŻ
һʱ䣬ֻ޺֮أ綶ӡѪֱ죬˹ȥͲʣĻˡ˼׸ոϣ类׽ºһϣһ׹
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 96 

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۾ͣҷŹѩСϳԯһǹվͦΣƽ٣ȫϣʹĵز۾Ҳ紵÷ʹȴԲұۣǸʺɫӰ
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罫ǵת˹˵۾ݺ¶һ̲ģѪ⣬ټŤϲĿο
֪ǽϵԴ˭̽ǰҹ㴫սγʱڹ֮͢Уλأֽ̹͢ա
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 106 

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ΪԼѵⷬϺɫЩֿȺȥ誽˼ɧ̣Ǹ⺢Ӵˮϴ׽ҲøܻԼ˷Ը˼䣬űɴŮЦŷ׷ɢȥ׽֣ʻ誵
ȥʲô
ųϷշԸ㣬Ҫڹȥ
׽Ӧˣо߹ȥһ˫۾ۡ

 107 

սһɴ̱ǵѪζ࣬սʬ壬Լ峿¶ˮĲζһɢŻζ
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ٵȻظ䵶˳ȥüͷ壬ȴʲôҲû˵ֻתߣµȴվԭأ㽫ʣ˺һ

 108 

һֱ϶ꡣ
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ﵽʬס

 109 

࣬誸ξֻ֣Ӫϣͨ˴ذΧһǡ
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󻺻ţ֮ǰ˵
ţ䣬Ľɽ

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µĻڳȼʱµ㶼ܽСƺݣ⼸ûһ޻ҪҲؾˡ
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ˮ侲ıûһ˿䡢ذ϶ԣޡذҪӣݺ޻ӺС޶ˣɱҲãҲգҲգⶼԼѡҾ֡վĸôҵΪҾΪı档
Żӹһ㣬ڻϣϵĸԶᱳϡ
Ҳˡ̾˿һֱеĿݣҵһڡԼЩ
誵ˮһ¶ȣֻԼ֪ʧȥֳãжôʹࡣʲôǶٻˣֻԼòҲð
ҲȰûʸȰȥԭκˡԺкҵҲԸһͬе
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˵ȥɡ
ס誵ͷйƿ˳ȥѾһţ͸ƬĹ⣬ĹУе˾Υů·ϣһغܿ˯ߣûجεá

 111 

ˣصһϡ
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ůľƬƬ׷ڼеϣǿһĳϣ˿һµĶ飬нţнķ෴
ص԰ΪɫΪɫȴг࣬ԳΪɫڳ磬·ǡŻݼ޵Լ˺ȻǱһĶ顣
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ίҪȽ׽ִƱʮ֮˾ţĻȥǿǼ鷳¡
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ˡԻ誵ɣ˸֪誰Űɣû¡ߡѾλ絽ûԸؽ˸ͨ͸
С켧ʲô޷ԼһĶֵѣʶվã֪û²Լշͽả¥͸ϢˣʩСݣ޷ǡ
ͻ֮󣬽ܽϷǺͷ®ԼĴƬضؽ졣ԭ֮һǼ߸Ǵ֣ڹؼʱ̵ЭȡصأȻȡôضӦʾ
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ǻʼĵص亦Ľ㣬ĺ޲Լ١ˣһʼֵμҲܻġڴš
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չѩѾǻ졣常ӭսʱҲΪӳʾ󡣵ڳˮıǰȷһ̾ͱʿͬɢɳ㱻ĺɢֻôʣ޼Ĳضڳһǡ
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룬ֲһ䣬ңҪʮ֮ûлԼɡ
ԼĽܿʧϦˡ

 112 

ذԶܽѾʼﱸ칦ʢ硣ذӵĲƻ㶼ڴ֮⣬ϯ˴δսº͵ļߡ˼ҲӦߺƼǲֱӹҲˡ
һʹġ׽ȷʵûлԴӼǰȻȥذɶ֮󡣻ȥѰ޹ʱţİΣΪǷӰ죬ʼԼԼ̬ȡ
ǰһҹոǣȲȥ顣
һţֻżһ㣬ڿϸϸƯţȴһ˵ţٵľΪ֮һ񡣾ˣһֻֿͷߣһֻʢľ䣬Ѿ˯ˡȥ˿ս¸ո׵Ĺд˴ϸ
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ǰ˼һ˵ҹ칦磬ǿҪˡ˵ţ·ûгﱸκ¡

 113 

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עȥıӰйâȡһ·׷ִ󲽶ȥ̤¹⣬ͥԺţҶת罣ꪽ
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صصĽߵǵǽϸӣ׳ǣ׳󣬴ؾѡ
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誳ŽһƵˣҪǲȥ룬һȴϢ߽һֹļ򣬼Ϊ˳ֵضľƺ
誱һЩ⣬紺ӻƬƬմ֮ϣҹƵģ¶֮
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εЦЦǶһΪСӡ
ԼʮԶĵطֱԹۣ뻳Ŀԣνذ˰֣ʱ˼ȶˣֶŵģдӡ

 114 

ϻû룬Ⱥˡ課ЩСڣݵվá
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ȵ˵ЩʲôЦҪˣ²ӵ˼ɲҪĵ
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۽ǴһĨ΢죬ִ˸򣬲ǿסŻ֡
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˵Сˣ¡ǽˡǵʣһɰ뻳õĻش𡣻ִƱɣֻһֱ档ﲢǲţֻǰţֳѡ
Ӧǣһһˣ¶ʱЩšһɫۡǰ׽ľʦ޻ӣｻ칦ϣԾüĿȻеŲ
ǵʿҲ̫ˡ͸Щʲô˵Ϊ޵ˣǰ֮£ӦõһԡȴʼղһֳϵĳĬʼ񲻶
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ǵͳһĳֶƫԣǵ϶յȫգŲƴǡѾ˻ߣԾԾԵҪ誵ЦȻҲܾȾƵ̬ȴŵúܣǰĴѾף誻ûлеıӡ
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誴ݵͷҲܿҹڴ
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˵ѩһˣʣµġһЦѱţǺܳһס
⵹ˡ⻰ЦҪǮȨǾǡشĵˣֻҪԺģҪʲô͸ʲô
ζЦŻϴ˻棬֮ǰ˵ģѾǹˣ
˵ʲô֪ʡ
¹λãǴˣҪʲôʲôֻµ˵Ļ֪ڷܣȴѡ
֪ûô࡭ĲǸֳ𣬳֮ûбġԱ֮ȴҪȡ£ֳ˳Ц
˼жി⣬Ҵһʼ֪Ҫǲһ֮
˼һȴûʲôֻܳϿҵؿˣһٺúÿһµġ¶˵꣬һ·ʲôصϱȻ
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οԼ̾˿
ԳЦһӽסˡ
ʲô㵫һ˿һרΪԼ˽ģҲ߲ⲽԣٰԼװɻˡ
誵ͷı飬ȴܸоϲ
ѹֵʲôⲻǸǸҪĻΪˣû©ǽ̹硭Ժ˵Լ
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ǾͲˡ Ļ㻹ߣλ˳Ȩء
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̧ͷĿ⣬Щм֮⡣
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׽ɽأǵ·ݡʱѾ˽ǧˣд󲿷Ա˳ǵذǣԴЩбܴ󽫣ѪĶΪͷ˼ǼԴҲҪ˵Ѫ
СϢӦԼĸֻˣһ뿪ܵ죬սɳĺ֮⣬ֻ˵ѩһˣʣµĶ˳˻
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׽·°ڲ˲վԴҪûӳأ
ǾҰ׽һˡ޻˵Ƶᡣ
׽еȥװ
޻ֺֻ䣬׽ţȴûϤˬЦ⡣ǸСŮѾʧϷҲҲˡ޻Ӳź롣
ĬĹһǣСŮ׽սӱˮ׽˿۾ϳǸˣӹü绰Ըȥˡƥźɫëĺѱ˳صͷȥ峺ĺˮ׽վߣǵؽͷůĲϡ
׽Ƭůëвͷ峺Ľɫ۾ʦʣ
ʦ㿴ؽļӡмֿţ
ڿҪǡʲô˼Ͳ²͸ˡ޻Ҫ
׽ЦˣҲôţҾ룬˵ĻòҪȫţһˣٷŵ㡣
˵仰޻ڷ㶣ݵϵĳ紵ͷ
ʦ
ûʲô޻̧޷ǰƵضЦڴͬʱţ
еСŮҲܻˡ

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֧صǣǵ¶ʮաܵİȻѭŹϵľӭǡ׽ոܿƬɫʱ쳼ǾѾ˳£ūǶϽ˵Ͱĳǽ
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׽ػӻ֣Цѩ׵СʮֽΣعһⲻǿˣҲ㳤˼ʶ
չѩͷ֣׽Ȼ˵оŲʹ죬Ҳûϡ
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չѩͿԴϷڼʶ˱ǵķذȻȻ˿ѷɵô۽硣
Ǳʱ䣬׽޻ӽӪ˸飬Ϣû˲ݣϢǣ󣬼˶ģɡ
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׽СŮԼ̸ɣȵһ裬Ѹոºõͷϵһӣš
ôȥˣ޻ĵؿʡ
׽ѽ̲һЩƤӣӳ촽¶ȣû˵̧̧Ƥ
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׽ҧҧЩϵĻš
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Σ׽һԼ½ǣȻ΢΢ЦţȻԼ˵Ļû١
۰ѻ˵ˣСֶŮҲӣҪ̣ҲΪ
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ڣϣ˵˵ҪһǧҪõȥ

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ԼĹ˼ڿװҲʮ꣬ոյսͣӦøŸסʦһԼѾǳͥյȫˡ
վڴͷдֻҡֵĶˮ֡
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˼ڴͷϥ£ǿۺ۴սǰʱһѪѾ̣ڽĻƷ϶֮Сͳմմڼװϵˮš
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һ̴ˣһؽȥ𣿡ʹһأͻȻ˵һ仰
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뿪ؽôֻҵˡ֮ܵˣ°뱲ֻҪ͹һ𣬾ˡ΢΢ЦţֵΣһ̴꣬Ը͹һ𡣹أԸ³𣿡
ûгֻĬص˵ͷ
һݹߣֻҪһСε·ȴߵúݵһ˲䣬֮ʧ

 121 

˵߻ϢʱƼҲŸմӽصóǣװδʣһƤͷ£ϻؽԾͷϻûȣҶǣϢææ˳
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׽ҲĬĬһʼССԽԽߡǸ˻ţҪ࣬һѪļֱ̣سɫҹա
Ǹ컯ɵļ̣ҪΪǧȥĻҰɫճɽ̿ģڵԩɫʱȻ֮Ϥ
еԼ·Ҳҹա
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ģ꣬һһš
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ؼҰɡ

ؼҰɡ

 122 

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Ϊб䣬ȫ׼

 123 

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 126 

ƺһá
Сֻʮ꣬īʱ͵ĹԱʹòǴӷ
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 132 

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 134 

ǹСꡣһ꼾Ѿˡת˱Ϊʱ˶νڴǳսȻûе
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 135 

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