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̵ͷȻֻһȻժһ仨ݸ䣬ʮֿĵŻȥҵҫ
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ʱ򣬳뵽Լڸɰӿһ˿ԼҲͦãȻģ Ѿʮˡ
ҲûַĽŲֱַ߽ˡڸСɰô
ͻȻѳһֱӴ̵ԼָСַһæ̵ָֿԭ˵Ķû͸ƽһڣŪַпʼ֪ͲҪŻ˼Һˡ
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⺢ʵַţ̵ָ̾幬ѣ˫巨ѾܾúܾûмˡûСɿܲϲˣ
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˯ŵʱһֻСèһԹԵҲɿ֮űųߡ
иɵĸоҲ



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ķɲӦһֱĻѹȻԹԵ͸簲ôԼôˣ
鵴Ȼ޴棬ֻôһ֪ΪСɡƽîʱ𴲣̫ƽɼʱѣÿһӶˣʣҪҪţ
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ո𴲲Ը˵ɡţǰźɴѡ֮彣ţҲ˵ȥʲôַ˵ƺгϰߣӦþҪŰɡ
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ҲջʵʱַС˵ɶʱƺϲը˵ըźСҲǲ²⣬Сʱɶ˶ŵըźпðˣֲԭʮּҳƽĶԵʱΪ̫ŮҲֱӾܾҪʢһĺ⡣
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Լ߹˾һ˵ˣӵС̶ûСٿԼһֻı飬ɸɴ಻ˣֱӻط
ʱҲոմӳ׼˸ոմ̵ѾͿɽˡôԭһ̣̲ɵһԼϵζѬɡ
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ǣЭˣԭͻȻע˹һ㣬һϲĿȻһЦԭݸʲôô׾ˡ



ɿԼԱߵĳ̻СĨᣬ̲סѳԼԭΪϣԼгʲô߳ܵĳƺ̽еʲôסԹԡĸαʲôģžһļƤ
뿴Լ̶Ƕ˵̷Լţ볢һƣκγÿμԼ͸һ
ųѵùɣһְѳ̱ԼĴϡȻ΢һ⣬ݵһѹͷܰ˱ڻԹԵİͷԼĻɾȻҲһҪ˵ĸо
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ʱת˲ţҪ߹أһλʱžҪ˰ɡָͷ㣬˵ܶ߹ؽʿҲܻؼң֪ܻܲص
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Ȼͬ⽨Ҳû˴̵ū˿ֱӽ俴һƷû˿ϡ
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뵽Լĵߣ㹻ˡʹԼܵ裬ܿȥ
ձؾ֪ү׼ʱչ뾩ʵ
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ǽǾרŸױƷôһԽ㻯ױ԰㻭ģЩˣճһ˵ױƷðǡ
ðϸ˵ûѣͻȻôճ￪ĵĺܣԸŴһױƷֱ׬
һļϣĵһ֬ȥѡ֬ͣĸ̿գ㿴Ƥܰףůףɫͺܺÿ΢һҲܺÿҾףԱȽʺǳһЩ
̸оԼۣʲô򣬶ǡǮС˵ԼϲĶȫˡ
֬ˮۿ֬һϵȫ룬ճλʾԼԸ˽˶һרŻյĻƷ͸
ںණԭΪ̾㲻ҲȽϽ棬û뵽ʮƽ׽ˣױ˺ơճκһѶܿԼȥˡ
̸оճμֱһ󱦱ԼôĶ˵ԼĻ˺ϸױݡò˵ճλױַɶ칤ճһֻϸıڳƤһ㿴ͻгһĸоˡ
һʰѳԭµֻ˼֣ġ
һ΢΢´һЩֵ㿴Ļͱĳǲǣ
æͷæʣԺһô
ȻԡճЦҾ͸ŰɣҪҪٳҴȥһζ
ķգ̿ճΣžϵɣѹֻ᲻ܳء̵ͷʾԼȥ
ԱڸôճοųһĿھеã֪˿ܾͲһˡ
ԭ̵ͷʾԼ֪ˣֽͣɺˣˣƫġ
ճεЦݽһѸٻָǲҪ˵úá
ɻԺ󣬿ų̺ټĻױ²˵ԼʶһѣױƷױرģ˻
ԭе㵣ģôĵӣɵͷ̵ͷ㲻ױҲһÿ
˵ȥһرóԵĶһĿɣҿɲţ
ɿų˫ֺʮԼϲͣĴͲڰͷȥȥɣ
̿ĵһ֮׼ȥԡ
Сûĵġ

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͢ķǳ࣬˵СĽҪԴΪɫǳ֮Ҹǰ±ƣ˵ĳΪд̫˱ʮ顶־Ūдŵʱ򶼺޲˴ʡ
һ棬λ󳼰ݣͣãᣩŮƵֱȥֻһ⣺զ£
ȾʾԼǳ֮ԩ֪⼸Ĵòãҵûͬģ
Ҫ˵ô£Ϥɵ˴Ŷܲ¸һôѻֻˣһǴСమɱŮΣһȥСɣ̡
ؾ֮ǰΪ˷ֹڳ꼰޹Ҫһδ٣ǧǰϹơƲһ£ʱ޴йڳĴк
ʵ֤ƶҲûʲôоǳҪɺ֡Դӳ֮̽󣬾ܣѾźüûлһšһֱ֮ԡңƽʱױʡˣǳĲˬ
뵽ѵܸһȥ棬Ҳ̫ԼΪСԵöСԽԽ³֮ѰȾס
ʱİȻʾԼĺΣԭ³֮׼ŵĨ͵žͱקס׼顣Լô˵ġ
ĹŮУ˾Ȣ˷ҲͰȾǳˣǳֲڹУֻ̽ԵԼҷʲô
ʵһѡޱ˵
ԼûûôȾĬĬ²ۣǱϻʮĵͷүһʮŰɡ
ţķɽѣܳȥ棬ҲؼҳšȻһײ˵лܸоеΥ͸С
Ⱦ
ƽɻʱ򣬻΢һȥԡҲˡô¡
û뵽ү˽ôŮİȾȻһɫ˼һ£Լҷƽʱܸģ¶ƤȻ󱻷ȥȲ΢¡µȻܳϵģܳϵģ
үʶˣƽͷɹϵ罺ᣬһ᲻Ҷúܡ˿Ʋ䣡ȾЦĴãԼˡ
ɵ϶棬дսһ㡰֮䲻񡣡
ǰ˵񲻿ɷѡǸɽĸţ
Ҿãǳǣúֽ֣Ѳƴǲ˵ġϾ֮һͬԸʲôҲҷܳʵʱҲһ¡Ⱦ侲ķ
Ҳôáɻش𡣡ǲô£
Ⱦ˼һ³ǸСɰ˼ͶͱѾ㵨Ӵ˺ôֿǰ֪еϽһ𰸣޷֮佥ĹϵҲǼ£ǰҷÿϻ£³ؼңûˡ
ɣôܸɣԼֲ֪ᱻкڵĦٴΡ
Ⱦȥ˺ü鸹֮˼·ش𣺡үҾ»Ӧ˼һ£ΪʲôջôأǾԼûʲôҪرĵ£ڼˣѽղһն¿ԲŻ
ȷʵһĳˣƶԷ΢˵ˣڸҲûʲôҪĵ¡ϸϸƷһƷȾ˵Ҳмֵ
Ӧô죿
ôɶţԼһѡףȾ֪Ӧ²һ棬⻹ʶǸô⻹ʶǸ˽ô
ȾĬĬ̾˿硭Ҫӣʲôġ
ӣɵûҪҪ£ҲǲϲСҲûⷽƻתһ룬ҪСʮ²ܳôǺȵˣû˰Ѫ
Ҫӡ
ǾʲôġСèСģ˲ϲЩë׵ĶȾ⡣
ȥ׼ͻȻʼ㵽Ӧʲôèʱʱʧ٣пץˣòá̫ճˣǲ̣ܽҲá
һʮָлȾĵѡ
Դ͵Ŀһ۰Ⱦѡ
ʵԭܼ򵥣ճ̸ճγȥ֮׼һǸνģرóԵĶ߹հ˹յľ͵һرƫƧӡ
ϵˡճЦ˵
һߵʾԼܲԭ˵ʳϰߣôζԣ˵ԭѶķҩڳԵġסԼӲҪˡ
ˣճһǵָһҲӬӣſڻ߸˵ȡճμߵǰóһöЦƹģҪ
ƹŶȥ
Ѿ⻹ҪŶӣԭ档
Ҳŵɺصζʵںܺ棺ȥһȰɡ
ճȻû뵽ƹôǮе㲻˼˵ǰŶӵģû
ûϵЦŻش
ڵǣճνܣɫˣϷۣһҵʱҵιң˼ζ
̿һ޵ķۣ滹ľ˵һЩ׺ʮʳԷζɣܼôʳһڷŽʱһĸо̼ζ٣Ҳʮֽ壬ԭĳζڸסˡ
ĺúóԣ
԰ɶ԰ɣճǾƷ֪Ҳ¶ϲ֮ɫ
һ֮ĬĬᣬȻԭˡ
ŸоĽŸոտʼճ˵첻֪ʲôģϲԵĶ廨š̳һͷ֮͸ճοʼһЩֵֹĶ
ճλóһǴ̵ĶŨصĳζȻڳһɫĹݸ̣Ǵرóԣ㳢
𰡣̳һֿ֮ʼ̾ںûк֭ܶˮһ塣
ҲСһһ飬һ֮˶˳˼ԭԭôȻ̫ᣬԭ̫ûиܵԭ˵ı뺷˼ֶܳԵĽζģɶ
ֳ˸ֵֹĶ㣬ĩʲôġ潥ҲʼԼǲСʱ̫Ŀֶ࣬Եȥ
Ÿ˵С඼ڻɣôҹԹȵȻȻζʺһĶ
Ҳ֪ԼԵĶζ̫ˣÿؼԺ󶼻ԡ£ϵζȫɢϴԼıĸһ֪ǻֹųԡ
û뵽ԼһȻɡСصĴˣҪɻװ̨һ䲻Ҳû˵ڡ

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СܾԼǲƭˣС࣬涼ճǲǸƭӣרƭ֪ġ
ΪһѣճζԳ̵չ˼ֱ΢óԺúȺȫ˸飬˲ʺĻױƷְֽѧա
̣벻롭С⣿ճһЦݵĿųʡ
ʲô⣿
һһױƷꡣճ渵ģҾþкܶ໯ױƷڴ죬е˵ƤˣɫҲĲȻ˼ҪҪרſһҵ꣬лױƷпפյĻƷеĴ˼̾һѣһкܺõǰġ
С˵һƭӣһʼͻȸ˴ùϵװɺѵӣͶǮǮ·ڿǰչӣ˳Ĳƭ֮⣬ﶼֻƭ֪Ĵƭӡ
ЩƭͨȻһٴ˼ʹ˶֮óԼķƸǮ
ճΣھеϲԼͶЩСԼС⣬Ҳֱͦ塣Ȼү谮һЩԼľԴҲүĿ࿴ǣ
ˣڶʼ˼ʹˣ
ϰоճ˵Ĳ޵Լ񻨵ĶǮ˼ҼҷмױĸҵģԼҲʲôûСԼҲС׬ǮǲҲĿ࿴һ£ôӴճγԸȽ֮⣬ҲȷʵǺܿ׵ġ
мƻôʡ
ճδóһӵݸ̣дļƻ꿪ﶼˣԻȥپ
ù֮󣬳ϸϸĿһճеĸνʮֵġȻǴų̵ſģѡַһϵвֻҪ̲Ū㶼ճһĳ忪
Ҫʲôأ
ճΣȻͶǮȤĻ԰æһ»ױƷİװ
ǰճصشųȥһ··û뵽ⷽ츳ߣӳʱԼҲʮֺÿⷽ츳ã֪ӡ
Ȼû⣬ͶǮ⻹ҪһµġʣҪͶǮأ
ǧճЦ
üһһſھǧСҲ˵ﶼƴĴ򸹸ó̸ϽܾƭӡоԼǲһСİѳˣ
ȥЩᡣǧӶɶֻǻӻֵ£ⱲӶûôӣ֪ӦôԼ˵ùĵ˼Ȼ
ȻҪʵġճθһ裺̫󸺵Ϊ˱ʾҵĳ⣬һϢ㽲
ţ
ɤӣҿԿκá
Ų豭ͻȻһ٣ڱ߽ʱַûȥȫʾҩҽԼҲ˿һӲܷʵȻ˸Լпܱκã
ô֪㻹ҽûסʡ
ճŬŬЩ㿴ʲôҽôƷЩɶҩĽȥġ
ôıΪʲôԼǮꣿС̲סʡ
ճΣһڼԭͲó裬òôǮǹҵֳһҪҡ
Ϊʲôȥ㣿Сʡ
ұһŮˣฮĵŮǱ֪Ͷ˵֬ˮۣҪ˳Цüꡣճ̾˿ֿʼңұܳ裬ҲûʲôѣӶʹ޲ȥô죿
а취κңʡ
ֻĳɰգԸԵĻ
Ը⣡ЦŻӦ
Се𾪣ǰƭӾȻкУιʲôҩˣ
ճεͷִͲóһСеݸ̣һҩһζҩģȥ֮һպԿȹһҡҩԵڻܿ࣬ҲпܻвӦʲôӦҲ˶졣
ԥһ֮ǽ£ջʵ̫һҲ뵽Լпٴο˵̼Ҫճε֡
ճζ㿪СЩӣӦռ˱˰ɣ
ճ֮С˾Ĵæճθҩҩģ򿴿ҩҩһⶾŷҩ԰Եһζҩ¹ʮġֿҩҩľ̾һⲻ¹ô
¹κ˲ƺ࣬ʵǧ¹״¹ǣϲˮҶƬֲմˮ⵫벻ܼ⣬ĲˣɽϣͨļӲࡣʮѵõҩģ˲ժĹҲҪʮֵϸġ
Сȷû֮󣬲ŷģճó¹ôҩģҲǸ˳⡣
չӵôʶģСʡ
ǵʱ򿴵˱Ƶ۸һ¡͡
ԺԲһճαŰĹ۸Ļ棬ճεĸмֶ˼֣չǰԼѵģԲŻԼôãԸԼһ׬Ǯ
ıҲܲ²Բ˵ʲôŪ˼ԭ
·¥ճεʱҲΪճǱ۸ճμĽͣѽջʮСɾһ齫ǵҶʮﲻƽҪȥ
ظ·ϣȥǾȱԼԱκ£ûκãǰ׿һȰճεָʾһ˵ɡ
ɻû³СఴշӼһҩԼվԱ߶ŵõӵĿζʱ֮СһڵҩҩðıԵմЩҩĿ
һںȹɣһһ׵غ̫ˡС˵
̵ͷҩһҩȫȹ⣬ܵǹ޵ζ֮󣬳̸оԼҪҩȫ³Сһˮҩ֭ѹȥŽҪŻµĸоҩȥ֮󣬳̵ĺܸоҪһʹϸܵһµԼɤӣ۵ķ
û°ɣС࿴ż
û¡̰ڰ뵽Ҳˣֺһˮͼʹʹĸоļ࣬һĸоŴԼɤڻָУҲżһ·֮׼
³֮󿴵ԼҵķڵԼţʱ˲١ŵ˷ҩζоر࣬㲡ˣ
ǲҩ̽͡
ŶҲûʡ
һ֮󣬺ĸоҲࡣָɡһЩȤ£óԼõһ͸ɡ
ɵۿɼĺ˲٣̸ôãҲ˲ԹɫɿģԼ̽Եʣһ𿪸Сꡣ
ꣿɿһ۳ùСӣ׼֬ˮ۰ٿԼСһڴ񣬺Žţ£
Լҷ֧ӳȥСȻûʲôĶŪһ³̣׼ôϢ
׬Ǯȫܡ
ֲȱǮɵ۾ɨ̵գɨ̵塣
ÿ¶ʱԼҪһȶҪʹһ죬ԹԵĿɵĻﻺġ˵ҪҪͳһԡ

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ʱͷһ׼ȥҹȻҪٹӹ Ϊ˲¶ǰַϰ˲ص֪ʶҲʱʱ̿ܳȥճη棬ڼﰲĵĲϰ˳㻹˲ٹھ̵顣
ʵһμѧʱɾ˵ֻбķݣ粻Ҫѧתһ룬һֱڼűĴϹҲͦãһţҲûԡ
ΪóܵһˣɻרֵһСẓ́ѧΪƽʱϲһֱֻСһչˣСϾҲССģһֱھнСԲ
һγ̱ܼ۸һֱǵãûҪһܻסڳߴţʲôҲõġ˹С̵ѡҲһ
СʱǡСССպúСִ
СԭַСصĶӣʱҲӣԶҲʮ˽⡣ܱҪҲǼ©ĸŮΨһСССһֱַûе˼ҵС̣ҲҪһЩ
ŵùҲףڳ߱ȽϷġ
СҲȷʵ˴ܿĸܱߵ˴һƬһʼСҲСֵƣСǱѧ˲ź˵ķ
ѧʱҲյճεţѾ׼ϵװޣҲ˻͵˴ԻԺš̵֬ҲˣͽкիҲָòͷ
׼̵ǰһգ̻ں˶ԼΣϾǵһγţԴ˹ϴɻԱƳһۣô㴩Ǽ޶е·
޶Уļ
Ϊ·࣬ܶ໹ûüͱ·ѹסˣһֱûؼգһ֮ССæȥ¹﷭ңһҵ˵Ǽ޶Ƶ·
СöʮԼԴ޶пǧıԼŵ޶жСز˰㣬ٿԼֱӰ޶еĨˡ
ѽʱ⼸·ʱҲûʲôƣϲ΢㻨ƵѣԾͰˣҲûСС˵
Сͷ·ǰƺеӡ󣬵ʱΪͨİ£СˣԼûһ¡һ֮͸оľµİƣԼϸĲơ
԰ɣ·Ƥʵúܡ顣
Сᳵ·Ľ·չ֪ѹ˶õ¹񣬵ȴһ˿嶼ûУһϸµ·С̴̳Ժ佱һ޶С
޶ǲɶõϧϣҹ巢չǰʱٴԹ޶һƥΪ١ҹ֮޶Ҳһƥ
Чҹķʽ˿޶Уɹ֮޶вһγʼûֳݵȷƳɵ޶Ҳ֮١ҹֳݵˣֱ¢޶еԴ
Ҳֻ׹ܴһӴľ͸٣޶еַֻ񣬰ҹ˶ѡ޶ϵ·ҲǼн涼ҹʮֹϵĻƣף塣޶ҲֻǷĻƣҲôҹ廨ơ
С֮ʱһ·Ȼ𾴣ԺҪٰѹ¹ˡ
ûһͷ˿ɢ䣬һ¶ŵģ΢΢һЦ顣ɿų̵ģ˼һ󣬻ְѳ뻳Сͦÿ
ԭͬѹ¹ļ޶ҲССһͬͷųʰһһͬȥԹʱСϸϸİѳ̵¹ʰһ¡ͬĶвͬıʽеĲۣеĲܼ
ǰСʰʱһԵİ̷Ҳ˲Щķ
һ޶еʱ·һСĻԼ׼Ҽҹ鼮һ
ԼǵСʱ򣬵ΪʱҲ·ı߽ЩͼССĳ̿ųߣʣʲô
Ȱ̵ķ˿ش𣺡ף˼ף̶١
ʱ򣬳뵽ʲôֵļϰף·ϸָʾĻơȻϧԶزȥˡ
ʱ׵ĳ̻ʲô˼ֱƺŸоԼ֪ʲô
̺ݺҡͷر£ջҪһȥԹأˡ
Թʵϲ̫Զʵ۳Ĺأϱɰ֮Ժ˯һᣬʱѾڻߡΪʵףɲòʵ۹ԼһܣСС֮⣬ﻹʱ̱档
үǳ谮ԭūǲϳģүƣūϳơСЦ˵
㿴ǺöСզզָŴ⡣
̿һۣƺԼǴ󲿶ӡ
үһ֮£ȻҪǰģҿǰݣҲҪ֮ءСЦŽ͡
̵ͷеţʣҲ֪ô죿
ʵСһ£̻ش𣺡ֻһҹƽ˶үĸҳ˵ֻҪɡ
̵ͷ
صģʲôūԻ˵ġ
̵ͷֿʼеǱҹҰʷʷвûйᵽҹ壬ҹ帲ʷƺԭ򶼹Ϊҹ峤ǰ˾׼ʱ̫Ů褳һŭҹ壬ҹΪᣬȻǴ֮Ҳ̫Ů֮λλԵ
˵ȻǲףҹΪҪΪ峤Ѫ޷˵ĸôãȻ˾˽顣
ҰʷЩ˷룬ʲô汾ĽͶУΪʵ񻹻ţֱӶַλ
֮󣬳̾һ飬ʱȲҪˡͻȻ뵽ԼҲ̫Ůôı²ž꣬սŻȻɸסŮ۵λãΪʲôᱻأ
Թˡ
̵ͷ³Լڵ
㲻űô
ҲϴСˣһֱ㡣ɻش𣬡ߣҴȥסĵط

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ԹɽߣȻûлʹռ࣬ɽܱߵľɫãطҲ㹻տɴų̵޹ܱ·
̷ҲˣסǺ棬ȥʲô̷򡣡˵ִӻóһöֵƵݸ̣ҵƣΪ㣬ó
̰պԺͷЦЦʾԼûϵ
ԹǱ߻Ҫ⣬ѳ̺ٺ֮ɱš̫磬ûüҩͱԶŷԸСԼҩ
ҩĿʵ̫أÿŵ΢΢üͷԳ̶ĵڳȵٻʱﶼɷˣȰ̲ҪٺˣϾҩֶƽʱűˣ̶ʮּ֣Ҳ˵ʲô
ȹ˸оҲûһʼôʣܵոȻڣĸоѾ˲١ȹҩ֮Լ˻飬жĳЩ⻹ʮֺ棬С֪֪Ϊʲôᱻϣ
Сæ£ˡүū
̰ڰСҲûʲô
գԺڳһ£ĵĳšճЩϴֱڵĺܣ˯ĺ̤ܲʵ
ΧʱܱѾΧ˲ٹŮڱ߽ѱģͨѩףֻֻڵġʮ˳ʵƢСܱ߻һҪ͵СӶ档
СŮҲһƥ˿ĿȻףҲûȴһֽģɽԽ롣ȾͰÿɵֿһ£ɫûкܺá
ˣ
ûͼһӰͻȻɿ׵ʱոպͣǰһɫۣ˿һ˿һ˫΢΢һһһûãû١ֶ׼ͷİȾ˸кϣҲڰ
ɵɫۿɼԽԽȾǱ߿һۣãûˣˡ
ˡ
˵˲ô
οź
ܱ˲ϵ˽̸ۣŮÿһôһ츳ѵ״Ԫӳ˵һܵ𡮾žޡĸֵģԷة֮ŮĪ
κһ̫ŮССͱ츳ɵ̫պضΪºڱ֤λǱʷ״Ԫ
ڵʱɶȫ޹ʹ̫ŮҲ㿼״ԪҲ㵱£ԵǶһͬʱϵճɵľεʷһȳΪమѰ֡
ܻ֮ūοսȺ壬սպգûʲôϸ𡣵˶֪ɺƺϵôԸ
ԭΪεĳС񱡣ܻЩ񱣬Ŀʲôġεʮˣ֪ĶţĹһ۾ϳװ
ֻǰװҲˣκģѣһּõĻױɣûʲôϳƽΰװǾ⹫ӵĸͷЩ߶ѣòĺÿ
ΪѵƽʱôȻ֪ѾŮװĶһƱ׷ߡһʱһԼµĽ¥Ȼƣ⹫Ӵһ£ĲȾͳȥ
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漴һһͨ·ߴУǿа
̫ŮµǿеʵʾѾСԴԺɼξͻһеĳޱȸӦƽʱȫϤ̻ö֪Ը
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ױɡоĺܣ⼸Խİ˯Ҳеء
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̵޹ſʱų̲ͣĽС硯ӱ߽ԺҲû䣬ֳһЩ̴ͳǵݸƵЦЦ
Ҹָ·ųٲȻһС˵ӣ󺰣ҰѸˡ
ַ޹˼λӺ̽Ժæ񣬵ֻǳƺΪӣϾɻûд飬ֱӸĿ񲻺ϡ
ʾ֮͹ɵַԱΣСڳСĸ̿Щ͹ӶļҳġĶǴˣȻַ֪˼Ҳû䳡һȺҲһûһ
˵Ҳˡһλӵ
˹˫ȫո·Χʱһۣһ˲šĳλֵ
֪˿лô
һֱڽͻȻᵽ֮׼ץĵ̧΢΢һЦҽɸλգԼҹΪأ׼̸Ů˽顣
ǰŮĶССڳ˵
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̲ס࿴ۣĺϲһ˫ɰ۷·һֱϲɫ΢΢Цʱ۾ҲһĻȣһѣ˶ԵСûСһ
·ܵڿҲתͷĿ⽻㣬΢΢һЦƱһð

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΢΢һܾ˴Ǿͻһ䣬ǺòĻӦãָ̡
ʵ㡣ʮֵ͵ıȻ
Ļ̸ӳԾѲѧҲһż
Ҽǰ˲˵ҸһѧġֱȻ
ԭˣ̺ټֱӿöˣԷ̸Ȼʮֿģĵһûһĺ졣
εİܣΪʮֳ谮ճԵʣӵҲǶˡ֡ԱεȻ͵͵࣬˳ಢƣճһʮָƭԵȻֻ֮ˣʮ׺ôҲ᲻ҲȽϻãڹȦȻҲڳʡ
ΪճַҲѣַҲûжӣ˴СҲǳ۰Ѿ޸ȾַʱʱľͻһԲ֡
ԭĳʶ㵱ɶãû뵽ûסȾô޸˰Ⱦ
СյʱҲǵˣһֱٲ˺ЩӴҲȽϤĹӡ
ѧûôλų̵ʱʱľͻ¶ɻ֮ɫһֱ΢ЦġԭΪӦһЩû뵽һ꣬Ƕһ
һ֮ҽڻȥˣַԭͲ̫ϲӦֻ꣬Ǵų̳ˣ۸˻֪˼˭
׼˯ַովƳ̺ڡͷӶȻ㽻ã絽޹ġ
ǡ˸ת̣Ը޹Сһô
ȻȻͬ⡣޹ԼһЩԶ߹ĳӪʱǽС˵ǸʲôҪҸһưɽˣֱ˵Ρ
˵Ǹưͳô˭֪ʲôֶΡ
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ųԶԺæԼ޹ǱȥȥͨЩúÿŵ㣬ǧһˡ

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ճ͵͵ʱ裬ϲüζ˿˿㡣
ţһѾͷճһۣǸˡѣȻϵóС
Сճ˫ЦЦ֮͸оף˲ҵĴСôҪǱ֪˿Ǵ˼һ֮ҸʵĻĵĸүɡ
ѽȻԹӦȪоǶݿˡճջؿСһڳ̵Ĳʣҩȵô
ãоʹҲˡʵش
ǾȺš
ճȥô
ȻǳȥˣҪȻôᴩô·ճʮԼڵۣƽʮϲ˸ȹװȲѣԲᴩ·
ĽĿһճʣԶʲô
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ڶʮ

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˲ˡȾæܾôүڵĶŲҪͿĵųȥĶغòá
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ĵĴһΣ˾˵͵һģһֻǹⳤһƤҲ֪˭׺һ顯֣ȴ˽ЦȻóڣ׷ĻûƽʱûκβȺãҲ֪ôŮ
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㡭ɺãȾûһ
ζһͿ˺ŹֵĿһ۰ȾǲǰղһƣŪøܾûһ

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ү׼飿һ߸ԼĦһʡ
ǻڸݡȾ͸˿ڣҲûεˡ
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ڶʮһ

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ԶԶһ֮ɵͣ͵һ̻ͦǱݺݵ˦
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һᣬƺȹҩڴϣڰеһҲ˲ɢЩƵĲ٣ԺֳָǷӣЩˡ
ڸУӸߵȨ˲ܳǳСˣÿ˼˶Ҫü˳۵Ľһ̡Ľзƺû˻ôС
ҲʮʵûκҪļһڳһһ죬һ仰Ҳ˵һҲ
ʱҲͳһͬڲж飬ż˵仰˷·֮
̣ô
̵ͷ
ӸҿôӵĻд̽˼ûĻֵӸҿұ㣬Ϊαϣòã

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֮£ӵһЩۣһֵֻסЩԴ۵⣬¾á
û̧ۣе飬·ûӵĻһ㡣
̣Ӹҿòáӵдްݣһ˫˫ƺżɴûΪ߹ء
óһֻӣȸƵģǳ̼ˡΣ̻Ƿ鱾Ժﾲմһɫ£֮£ߵĹâȸĹâгϵĹâʤա
һ֧ȸڳз·һ㣬۵󶼻»صߡâϣϸϸģģһһײЩû˷ϣҲûʧ
ӳ˻µǸ꣬Ǵ˹һ˸оů⡣ʶĴһԼָԼûʶԼгЦ⡣
󣬳֧һӽӸ߸׼ȷץסתһϵŮӣûκα顣
ƣЦոٶʮһ£ÿߵʱҶڵϣһ¶ûе
̣Һܸˡ
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ǲǿָͣƫͷЦЦϸһ볤ɣ˵ҪԳġ
Ŷѡ
ţҲáӵָӣ㽲Ϊαϣòã
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Ӵû²Ҫո飬İ
ԷûʲôӦӵıֱ˱䣬˵ո͸ң
㡣Ȼ׼أ߿ˡ
̲סָ˵лл㰡Ѿܾãܾûյء
ѾԶˣټԺӰһ㡣
ϣ̻һˮһɰЩ벻ӵǸʲôˡ̫̫񵭣һŪȨŮˡ
ҲʮϲҲûʲô֮ͬʱ˵һҺһ볤档
˰ĳԺ󣬳ӿųЦʵ㲢ûеôңǲǣ
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ϸ˲裬̴㣬ٲһֻǸ̽һȫµĻӡ
ɣʳŮʺС츳̫Ůס
Ůϥõ㣬ʺƣ󹬣֣֮ý缺
ʴҶ£ȤͶƽĶһЩΪŮѵýĵѲ࣬ÿҲ˹ϵãŮҲʮο
ҶȻƽĳԴöҲԼҲʮî˾Ҫ֤Լһ㡣黭ͨҲǹӵıʡ
̫ŮĹϵҲãʱߣֱ׼ָ꣬ټ˼յꡣҶΪʪѣǵ꣬˳㻻һѡ
һֱûͣ£̫Ůҹ޶Ů֪ö˹ϵܣҲû׷в֪ôȴһЩԷ̫ŮͶ֮һЩ˵Ĺϵ
һʼŮȻûȥʱʹ뾩֮ʡ
ԷԽأԭҶԭҶԵӵʺӣҲǸӡʹЩڶӺ̫ŮϢ֮ȻҪŮ۵ʱȫ̫Ů˲δ·
û뵽ŮۿԼĶӺŮͬһŴϣƫ̻ҲΪ̫Ů㶫֮ʱһ׮׮̫ŮӵݵŮǰ
̫ŮµǿС
̫Ůǿռ˽
̫Ů͵˰©˰
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Щžͷ·ѹյĵһŮǰҪʹһҲҪһ
ɽһºվǵ˷̫Ůʥּ
󲻵ɵʱʱʲôıʥּιӻɫĳսպգ䷨Ҳ޳ͷ֮ա
ӣ빬ûȳ̴ӹлع񣬳ߵС̴߽˵
ӵɫȻͣȴһһ۳̵ҪȥһˣЪϢɡ
ŮټȻҪߺ󣬳ԺﾲһᣬЩ궯һ鷿д֮󣬷˦˱ʡ
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뵽ɵ֮оһôһհҴȥģһġ˽Ĺ֮оÿ뵽඼һ£굽׳Щʲôأ
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ʹϸǺһһµд˼䡣
ÿһֶһһ˲֪ٵС
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Ĭһ֮ŲŲͳʲôӴ
Ҳûκ֮٣һ봲΢΢һԲתӲȥԱߵŮˡ
˵Ựɣ̫ˡСĵĴսһЩо̵ĵִֻ֮صԭλá
̣Ҳǲһˣá
ҵĻһѹġ
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գѵĺ磬絽ӾȻԼߡųﾪһ£˯¸ԵʮݡµһЩ۵ĺۼҲЩ߰ߵĺۼܵȻ
ĲϵĺۣǺ۰ɡ
Щ룬ǳӣǸ߰ĳӡ
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˺ܾãÿջͲ˵Ĵͱȳ׳ʵһЩ˳̶˼·˪ûôĵļԷһǽ˪İԼĴϡ
Ͳ˵ĴҲںĲݶţһʱͻѹһ㹻̹һӳֻ߲ӳֻһţĵȴӾ͹ˡ
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֪нҲǼ¡Ц˵
㻹Ĳ̣ԻᣬôӾһʦ̵ԼѧǰڲпҽǲǣǱУ֡Ʒ
ıȻƳһ˵ߣҲԽƫ档Ǹũķɫģݶȫͬαװһ۾ܿ˪ֻͬҪ΢ݺģ֮ƤԼϣҲδϳ
˵һϯó̵ָŮ˴Ӳֳᣬ֧֮ųϵôǳ֮
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˵ģǲǵˡӵдһЩźнҲãжĥɱ¿Ҳãѡ񣬵Щ㲻ֱ¶۵ίʵĺ
һ¶ûУ϶ôӯô
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Ĭһ֮󣬳ʣԸҳȥ
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һɵĶ׹׹ССԲʽʮ⣬Ժͺժ⸱׹ƺӴѾǺܾǰˡ
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գ̺ͳ˪Ľֵϣ˺˵ĿЩͬ·ߺȵЩҲֱ̫ߵСҲû˪ųߵժǸһŷ̰⣬ͻȻоǰһ
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˵ԺסԼͣСߵɵһ
̶˵ˣϲ֮ҲʧȣԼСƺûʲôίŷġ
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ճΣҲˣͷһһ֪Ŀ֣ЩӵıѹȫһɢȫǼ˵ϲ֮顣
һûƺĸˣһ˿ӵɽˮʮˣ̵ƤҲԽ⻬ϸۣϵ׹ĵƤӰۡ
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˵ˣһ˲оƺЩ̫ԣΪɣһʵ̫ˣ׵ó̸о·˿Ϊ֮
ӵӰûĬİһУһγĬĻĿʲôأ
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ЦЦİɣ̶µġ
ֻһ£Сƺࡣְѳ̱ĽһЩĬĬĵͷ

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˼棬κʶĹˡ֪ǲòԵʣôֱĿŪĳ̸оߵĺܡ
ôҡСͷŬŬͣҲһ˿̺죬ЩԼôûкúõĻױڻ᲻̫ˣ
Ҳջѳ̱ڻһɵ̴ڼɴġ
оԼĵֽ˽̧ͷС˵ô̶Ҫնˡ
ɣͷ˲̹ĲЩĲ𣬾ͨԸһЩӿţԽеСӴڵѣǶ¶ʵ̫˷绯
Ժ׼·ɰѳ̱Լҧ£ټ㴩ⱲӾͱٳȥˡ
Ǵˣ̸оʵЩɰ̲סһ䣺ϲ̶ô̶ľӶ챻ˡ
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ֻ׼ҿԼҲڳǰҲִͶ
⻰̸оԼǹһӾͷˣﶼζ§סɵĲ
ǰ˵ʱɾ;ԼСԺ˵ˣĽԼӣˣоԼеĸá
̵ɤʮ궼ûù񿪿˵ƫһЩϰĶ࣬˼ġƽʱ˵Ҳĸоοֽġ
һ̣һ˫ԵĴԼȴǰٰᣬ̽º͵ĻӦԼ˾ãɲķſȴһʮ˿
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Сǳ̵Ķͷоһµ˼һ˶Ǻǰһˡ
ǲǼˣСʡ
ɳĬһ̵ָף㲻ЩܿǾͿԻȥ
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ʵϳ̷ǵûбƺǰˣ˵ĸоܸоõһ³̵ı仯Щûףӣʲô
ҲҪŵġ̵ԽԽСһʱ÷ɿ죬תۼ䶼Ѿʱˡ
ᵽӣɸоɫֲ˼֡
Һûʲô¡ΪǻԼæ͡
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һ棬һŷУķ·ǳȴ򿪻⣬˪˵Զ԰ɣȵġ
ʧʱճһ붹ˣǲ䣬Ҳɢˡǰ붹һ״ȵװĶװ۵ģˮͷ㣬ƽ֭˿ȡлǳá
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ҡͷûаԼ˵
׼ظʱ򣬳ӻͷһժ¥ĳ䣬ǡⷿҲԶԶĹ۲ߵꡣֻһ˲ջɫȻƽᡣŪĳ̻ĳף³ӻͻȻʲô¡
³ʱѾ͸ˣҶſڣЩģ˿ԷɫΡ
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ҲܷߣڲСͷûи̿ڵĻᡣ
Ҫһֱġ
֪Ϊʲô̸оʱĳڲƽʱô࣬·ǿ˼һ㡣ŬҪɫſƽڵ塣ƹʱȻͣ
һɵڳɫĵƹ֮²֪ΪʲôһУ·ֻҪһͻʧʱ䡣ǳӣǸֶΣĻصĳӣһǷ˲Żָо
ȥ˯ɣƽʱܸһ棬ҲǺõġ˵֮Ӳ˲ԼأԻҡ
ʮأƽﶼǻһ֮ٲõڶεˣ̿ոձק㶣Լࣿ
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ԼڸҲʼһЩֵֹĶĳԼǵķԼڳеһ磬Լţǡ
˵ɲʳƽ￴ųҲżһЩϲԡճҲԳѽϲǵô
̰Ƿֳ˼ݣȥǸǱȥһݡȻ֪ӵʲô˼ԼҲǱʾһԼɡ
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֪ǲĴС̵üͷʱʱɨһĿơǡҲǣ
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ϣһβ˺üҩŽһЩ͹˵ЪϢ
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뿴̴СУūʱռ˴룬ʣµСȫߵıӻ˼ЩȲк֮Ҳ˵֮ġŴΨһеļӲڳߺӲˡ
뵽óƺ˵ǶԵģԼȷʵûеôǳķʽ΢ƽһЩҲܿԼһˡӾʵǿӲĺܣҪȻô°
Ӻεȴϻۣڳ̵һʾõʱͷﻹʮֻϲ̿Ҳûеƣ
չúܿ죬еĺɻҲ˴룬ֱͤвġʱĥ֮󣬳̵ֽһЩżҲӮһأкüθоԼӮˣһӰӵġ
̣Щ£̫ϡͻȻڵ
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һΣˣ仨ˮ̼ӰΧѹʱ䷨óԼ˿ûнĴԷƺµЩĲɣСҪԾꡯĸо
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⻰֮ձͨ죬ԼǰͼͽȫֱӷȥڲСˤǱֱ֭ˤڵˤϡ飬֭ͨҺϲ١
ȻƵȻͷҲصˣ³һ˿ֱϵЩֽ̧֭¸ɾ𣬺ܱ
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Ŀһһˣʼ磬 ͹ǡ
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Ҳ̻ش𣬡ұΪӦûһˣ뱾ԲʱһһҲ²͸
㲻ز£ܿ죬ǾͿԻȥˡ̵ͷ塣
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³ڻҸɣھףڡء
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ᡣһ³̵գӱеģӴ
޷μӵʱЩѣǵ˵Ļ̫ˡɶҹͣҵͷԣǸŮȴоĴƷһ
֪ΪʲôҲɻ˲䣬ܾ֮Ƶ˵Ҿǻˡ
šټûгζ
СѹΪԱɴСϲԵϷۣȻ쳣尾ôСۿɼ˺ܶࡣ
ǻ᲻ΣհСʡ
ɳĬһ֮ҡҡͷЦЦʲôΣյġ
˵䣬ɵиֳһӰջǴգһЩģЩС꣬ɺͳӵһμ档
ּ˵ˣҲʵһӺͳ̳һҲ룬ǹһ˫ϵ˸оƻģŮᱻһһǣ
˵ı䣬ʱʱˣ˫ݲһӰӣ鵭Įķ·ûκں
˫̸Ҫ֮󣬳Ӳûжֱ뿪ժ¥жӶ񡣲֪Ӷժ¥ӶˮȾ·
֮ǰ˵㲻һ£ҿԱ֤
С꣬ߵС̳һֽɡУԵ顣ɽüͷ׷ȥΪʲô
ͣûлͷ̣ѹġ
֪Ϊʲô˵ֵ̡ʱдһĨ¶ȣɾʱͷĻűҲʮº͡
뵽ֽ˽ų̵ֱۡ
ʱ˪˷ţһ˫èͫûʲôر۾Ҳû·֪ɵĴһ㣬˵ӣûظˡ
ϳԡ󣬳˪Ϊһһµͷӣ˵Ҫ빬һˣЩ𡣡
빬ʱûĪЩţǵͷʾԼ֪ˡ

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ʱ̴˳˪׼·ֻʮʽױݣһ䣺һ𣿡
˭˪Ȼ֪ش𣺡ǡ
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ţֻȥתת
仰ȻûʳԼΪʲôҲҪȥֻǹɵʱʱһ۳ӡܴ˾룬ӵɫƺԽԽƤ׵һֽһ͸κѪɫϸָǽڷֱϵľܲ·ֻһƤ
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ӵĽͣﾪ˾ΪҪŮۣͻͻƺǲʲôԳЦЦ̲ס̧ḧһ³̵ͷ£㲻ȥ
ҵӽԻ빬ͻҲȥɣ԰ңҪܣæ˱ȥ㡣ûнԭ򣬸´˵֮ظǵòҪܡ
˵ְڰʾȥ԰֪ģƺоиԹڿԼתͷʱʲôûУɵԼ̫Ѩ˯߲á
ų̵Ӱģԭº͵ıҲɢȥαССսžŵ˼ΪŨһǿֱ۰ѳεıڻвǣӣҵĶԲԣ
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Ůۣͷɢ䣬ıųӾǶԴһһ㣬ӣҪʲôҶ㣬ȫ㣬òã
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ŮۿЦݲ񶼳ˣӶ䵭ôԼЦոǸ꣬һ۾ܿӶĲͬӣո˭
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ӣ㿴һۺòãϵĹڳӵαһԵĿ
֮󣬳Ӳŷ·һתͷҵˡתͷǸЩŮˣ°ҶôǾԲԭġ
Ů⻰֮ƵİѳϣΣӶû˿Ӧͷ·ԼδմȾָоץӱ䱾
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֪ˡ֧˳˪֮󣬳̲ŸоһЩձ˶ҵĸоܣǳ˪ǲͣĴӵĻ÷Ƶĺܡ
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һʾ˪ԶһЩʵ˾˻̣Ҳ̫ˡ
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Դӳ˵ꡮǧСĸ֮һֱǼūеūʲôãҲһɲֱ֪˵ЩĻ˵ǧС
ҹ˯;ʱͻȻѲͣشŴεǼūЩŻ˱˱һ˶㡣һ˫˫ֺݺݵİճϲͣβͣ˦һˮӡ
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˪⻰ڷԼҵȴĺ¡ԺоЩɬԼСδй֮ģŵˣƻǻ˪ʾùҹˡ
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Ƿ˷һݺݵӲһ˴ܱ߶ĳѪˣͼȻû˿ˡ

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ʮһ꣬ѹǳضʮʮŮ۰Ｚ飬ûλ֮Ů
Դ֮ԼãڼһΣδţֻſھ˵һỰ
˵̣ˣ᲻ѹ
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ֿ̽ʼίĿſͻȻʶʲôǳ ô
̶ԣ뿪ٸ͡ɲɷ˵ı߳һʮֵ͵ֵһ·ϾȻͨ裬ûһǡһ̷Ը̣ܵķɿ죬ڰʱ֮ڱ˳ǡ
ȳԵ㶫ɡɴСóһݸݸ̣ȥӦõġ
ճֵûôԶ˵㿪ʼԣųֿʼᣬԺԺ󻹻᲻
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ŻߣɵҲ𽥱ñ䣬ӹóһŷ˿˿˼νЩ¸̡߳ڵĳ̶ԡӡּų⣬ŻҪٵһӰɡ
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Ưˮʱβ˦˼ˮ飬ģܴƵģճϰ쵵УԾţֻ²Եˮ档
Լ˯ѹģѹʱѾתһջЩӲ˶Լ߻һϤӰ
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Ϊ˷ֹڻ̹ϵתƻ⣬ΪʲôɵҲ
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ǵڶģ϶ˣžµϻһֹѪǸʱ̸ոùЪţһ˳
ʹҵĺܣҲٶȽ˲ųģŮ˵ãʵҲгӱƹĳɷڣ˶ڹй˲ʡض飬ֱͼ
ԭҲǺ࿹ĴԪˣԺҲֻܹԹԵĸ׳Ƴˡǵһֻʱټȷȷʵʵĸܵ˷ǣۼ䣬ʮѾȥˡ
ӻóһŵͼʮǳֱ֮Ҳĸ֮أٷٰꡣ⽲˽ֵḶ́ȷʵֺǿҵĲޣͬҹˣҲûеǰִ
΢΢̾˿ʮ꣬ҹи֮ܡ
ʱ̫תۼ䶼ҪˣҲһЩԺ󿴵ûˣȥѰκںԺһյд轣ǰûս˸оƺҲûǰЩŮӵӢ¡
Ȼˣּɡؿֱ߷һƵʥּΪᣬ͸͢һƷԱʥּ
常̹ԹԵ֮Щ˼
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һ˷ǵû㲣ƯˡСͷʱ̲ס˵ǰԼѾʮֺÿˣڴϸر˼ٷϡ
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ĿųһĲԼôҲû׼ˣΪ̵˽ˣԼʲǿһҪî˾޸ȨƵġ
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С̶˳̵˼ǿӲɾɱūûѣһ£˭
һ⻰Ϸ˼Ҳͷˣһ߳ŭ˿ô죿æͷЦ˵˵ǣձȥúðݷá
šݷá֣Цһôһγֲ֪ߵغɵӡ

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صԺСС˶Ϊ̻ʮӡƺ黹
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