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ߵˣ޲ǾսսϦ

߶ҧָۺỨ

λƤӵ´߷磬úء

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ʹ~

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졣

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   ҪŪˣ

ϵС˰~

~

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ԤաǶ̫Ծ棬Ůˬġ

۵ȹӣݵļܡ

Ƕڿ

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΢@ǧǧ

뿴רŶ~
==================

 1 

ﵽˡ
鷿ڣСү᡺Ļ鷿Ѿߵ⻰ͣ½̸
ӱѾݵŮͷǰ̧ʱĿ䵽İĻϣЩ㵡
Ļӹ
ﰲ
źۼǰŮ
СüĿ续ɴŰ޽Ű޻֮ϸʱҪ֡
ĻջĿ⣬мȻ
Ǳ̫ˡ
Ůǰռǡ
µʿճû˸ĸĵϷߣ׽̵ų
ΪŮСںլ˼֪
Ͽ߶֪ϸߴ·Ƴ֪λһֱĬĬԶݽΡ
չ֮ʢ
Ҫۡ
񡭡
źۼᡡ
ãһ𳤴үʱھһֱţСү˼
ֳԼöģû谭뷿Ҳûʲô
ƫ̫ΪŮһ㶼̫ϲ̫ߺ޵
үȥ̫ѵǿ˿ʳöȣСﳭƫ޳ǸɵѾͷֻ̫ǹϲ̵ظ̫ĨԱТģ͹ȥ
СүҪѾǲܵ¡
̫Բû̫ǸĿôóΪԼɩɩ
ͬıʿҲϣԼһǣ˼䡣
ãǸдıˣСᡣ
ĻЦúҲǹ
ãȻܿû
ЩӣһֱԼԺӶ鳭ǰѾ˵ү¡
СүôﻹиǺү̸µĸˣ
ЩϹѽ
ؾظСү˸Сѡһλ£һԲָЩơ
̫ĸп㣬ģλʵʲôʲô£Ҫ鷿˵
áһĻ궯ʱҲ޾Ĳ
ȡʿүĿ⣬洽˿ȣʾ
һ䡣죬Σ˿ڡ
ãм£Ϊֲ֪ô㡣
ʹΣ˵Ļǵң˵
ֱ̧꣬Ա߷ϵĲ豭Ҳܲˮ͸ˣ๾ȥ
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Сүո˵µ۱岻ʣһԸط֣ΪȻϣȥµߣʩ槼֮ƣ¾
¾
˭˲֪еλ¹Ǹ
µ۱Ǵб¿صĴѡ˵ڻУǸŲŵġб²ʱΪ̫֮λһ
ƫλƽһԵߵ£ֱʾΧ̤ƽţָϵĻʸб²ǶƵĲʣǱʱߵ£ɱģ
ˣ˵λµǻʱǼλĵ£ȫλµĽ¡
µ۵ǻƸա
ǻһµʱ䣬µµڶࡣӺ󹬵ɹ̣ǰĳӽ졣Ұ£Σ
ĵأµ۵һƺ

ȥλߵӣ²Ҫ̱аɡ
ү˵ġһֱֲ׽ʱ˵ѣŬתҲί˼֣ã治
ȻǸΣǼᶨ˵ǣãΪġ
Ų豭㶵ء
ֻû˯ѡȻôμүһ˵ĴƣиһԵĺլСŮϣ
СӱԵͷϸϸأүû˯ѣͷ۵öлˡȻȥ˯һ
ֻСϡͿģֿֿɰЩЦ
ãΪֵĻۺʱظġ
ģ
ŵҡͷҡضӰˡ
ңҲҡ
ŵСɷס
Ĳҡ
רСµĻᵽڱǻ֮󣬻˸͹ŮӡɱƺǸ˿ϧ֮ˡͽȥŮӣ붼̧˳
ȥڱһϸӵݣǸһҲŲ갡
ԥ
˼ƣȫıʿ롣
ıʿżȻһƳ˼ơ
òø⽿Ц޹峺˵òΪȻܳΪһʤ
ᡶ뷨
ǵͳȥвʡ
ǡͳȥ֮˵ȴģһ컯ˡ
ùȻѵһˣȻвᣬҲֲ
ҲǸԸ
ûϣϷʱϰߵİڷߵĶѲᣬұѬ¯ľıʼϣʱµСۼ
˵Ķһ١գգ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ʱȵ۶ҵȷЩȫŸսպգϵйȵ۶顣ֻڵλ¾ɲʲô֮
ãǸһѪô۰㣬㲻ԸԸ֮ɣ
û㣬Ϊֵ治֪ȥµ۱壬̼ͻڡãΪģֻˡ
Ĭ
ʮ常ܺãСͳĸȻЩһֱأΪáֲ֣˿ɱȵġ
СүΪֳȻǺ׽ǵãģһ
ҲǼǹõġ
Щ꣬úܿ֡
ǰߵߣžͱϲӡ
ú¡
ǡ
ļҡ
ļô˵Ҫи
һԼӦĺ
ѪʬҰԴժڼʬˣ
ֻԼ룬ʲôʵŵ£ᶼ̲סˡ
áݣ߶µشӦˡ
ʮ꣬ҲҪӻĴҡ
մӦҲŹ
ǴӦȥϸǴӦȥ
*
ͨͨݸ·ƽƥɫͷգǰųȹѾһᡲ쵽ˣѡ
߿ڣ޵ϲһŮӯ
˯òжۣϱһޱ˯˰ߵĺӡ
˯ʣﻹˮǳǳûо۽ŷҲȻһյ֮ɫ
Ѿٳʱ²ģȻǵһμһ·źҲ߰Ĺ⾰Ѿ߻ûϰӵòһʱˡ
֮ǰߵѾ߶˸У˴βĻᡣԭУ˶˵òδȥԺһֱΪġ
ҲΪòǣŻһαСүѡУͨݸȥ̴
ôһ룬Ѿ߿񣬲Ծһ
Ѿߵֻ˯þˣ΢˼ۡ

ŴСС˸Ƿһĵ
쵽ˣǧˡ                        
лҪ˵ǧͷQAQ
Ǻþòˡһԣû뵽Ҳû뵽֮дǾͷĿˡ
ȫµģдĲãϲĻൣ~
´󼪣ҲкŶ~

 2 

ͨݸи̼ңǻ̵ЩûٸеĴ򽻵һΣ˵ˣΧٶ˼ˣŷЩź
һƫͣ£һλλŮӱС
רŲһЩ˾סԺӡ
ʮŮһãֻڶ̶䣬ŮǵĿ⣬ϡ
ܱˣһ֡ʮŮиƫƫý峺˵Ŀ̲סͣ
˶˾衣
µĿɲЩֻǷַ䡣
һסиĵŮͨиŮ᷿סλŮӣϱߵĵס˹ݸ͵Ůӡ
ٽһչ㸮СŮݣݲ߲ͣס᷿ͬסģµŮ
Ů˴ֿͨ޶ԷΣĿɨжмּ֮ɫ
ոԺʱ˿ɶˡչ㸮ŮǶĿһаѡ·ϡ
ǲǼŮŮС֪ôȥΪԼȡһΣӵĵһĺûᡣ˺ͷҲҪ
аǵ·ȥǡ
˸磬ӣͬŮ¶һ˼ǳЦ
ԼСһԵѾ˴§ϤζССһ·۳Ͷ٣Ҫɢˣûйˡ
ס죬ҲûȺˡ
ö֪Լһǿ޲Ҳ˲һͷʲôȤҲûУֻܿаڷŵʱ䡣
ãڷ׼ɹɹ̫һżͼһŮ

ǰĵŮЩ΢ƵĴǿ۶
Щ
λһŨŨ֬ζŲζۣ֬ʱֻüͷһ
ӣˣǸΣæǸԲסԲס
ʹ磬̫ʧˡ
Ůӣ¶һȫŤ
չ㸮ĹأҷǺúýѵѵ㲻ɣ
ƢŮƣŵóطڣۼֿѸٷľ˨˨ţţĿڣǸ⣺ԲסҵĴԲס
һ͵ˡ
ղѡ
㿪ţ֪ûйصҰѾͷ
ŮŭŲɸţ˵أñĻ졣
վźʵʵվƵģﲻסȰţǰʧˣеҶл֪λסһ
ǸǱǸģǿҡŮףſܻᱻġ
һ뵽Ҫ򣬴˸£۵Ǹܸš
Ů˶٣š
ŵȻ˭֪𣿣
еѾӣģٻҵСŮ涼˵пܻᱻѡ롣
գЩͬˡ
ģ˵Ȫ·ϣǰء
ôһ룬;ŮͰˡȹ˽գѾ߱ȥȥ
ﲻɸΪ񲯣вòҪţȻֻҪˣҪѵһ١
ѾߴΪתĻգգۣ˵ͷҾͲˡ
ֻҪУۡ
ԽΪлҲ֪ܲ
ҳ⣬ʱܲžͲţ͵Ҳá
ļʱڣŲŲӵ쾡¡
⼸λﰲŵķ䶼ϸ£˲ٵ鱾һЩʫСμǣӦоСû¾ͷſ
ţҲѾĻ켣棬˲Ϣ
ԺסŵĹǣֻʣ°ˡ̶̼ʱڣһﱻһŤ˽ţһƵε˫˫ˮ
༸ҲЩС·
Ψ㲻¶֮ȫȻܿԺӵĸ˽С
Ѿﶼ
ԭǴޡϵһţƽ
ҲǣЩŮǸǰ̵ģмԱ˴ĵġǰܿϻۣ
ܿЩعһ£ЩϲˡǱѽ
ʮ׼µѾ߸͹ȥ͵Ĺ֮顣
յŻѪڷʱ
ԺһӦʳĳͳһӦ͵ԺɸѾûȥ
ƻ֮ʣѾ߶ȥ췹˵ġͬһķ˶ˣѾֻͷֻ
عǵĲͺУˡūȥ˳˵ûжķˡ
΢΢ɴۡ
ﻹûôܴĲͺء
ϲˡӡ
ͬסĹûֻͣЦ棬Ե
ǣŶӣһꡣ
Ҫˡ
ڻʱĸ͸˼ҵŮһֻ͡ǵŮܳԵö࣬Ĺڷϡ
Ҳϰˡ
ŷ㣬ꤵű˯¡
һ磬ѾҡѾ߽ˣݵжˣ
˯ʵ϶𾪡
Ǻͬһжˡж᷿һ
⼸λһȫͳ˸Ҳ֪Ρ
űڴ϶һϣجﶼжѪĲ
ڶǱģȫѾߣԼһ˴š
ĹﲻһĶһѾͨլŮģǶרģƴһݺ˵ġ⼸Ůӣûһġ
Щ죬չֳĲСС֣֡
춼ج˯Ϩơ
һ̣ڶԼһģĸ
һߡ
ֱء
һΣԼлܿжܿ˻£ڻģȫ
ʮϣ˶׽л־һΡ
Ѿ֪˵ʲôǺãҧ´ָţóϷЦƣֻ˵һ仰ߣҲ㣡
ûô˵ˣ˼ԵľƫȻڣλ£Ȼܿˣ
ŻѪ
ٿһۣζҪըˣ
һã
Ŵξѵ
ԺֻʣλˡֱʱǰطһСԺᵽһԴ˼Ժ䣬м仹мɽˮ̨ͤ¥
λֱһסòԶ
Ѿ֪֮ǰЩ뿪ŮǣǱݺġеǱ˴຦֪¶Ǹ˻ʣм䡣
Ҳ˵˼ݶ˻С
һ뵽⣬ͺݺݴ˸
ֻҺ˵
ˣΰĿڱ߱ȻȻ
һȵĹء
ֻĵԼڹﲻҳšҹ浽׷ʲôֻ˫ֺʮսսŷӡ
ôȻ
ۣҲ
еĵŮͨеŮǰͻƷ裬ȫܣŶû
ˣ͹ķֱӳˣѾȥ͵˲ͷţһټһ٣ǿա
Σķʱ̣Ѿ˲ϷˣСҪСҪ
ʱ˭Ҳš
ҹʱɻһۣˣл˵
ҹʱ֣ķһ׵Ķ񣬵Ѿ˯ˣС·ȥɻء
߬ţ
ѵ˵֪ʲôµΣգ
ҹĺɻرϺѾһˣΧҲûеƻ
վȽԴԼĻӣźɻرһ߻Ƚš
˵ǺɻأûʲôɻֻǵóƳۣһӷ㡣
߲·ˡ
ӣ򴽽ǡ
ſͷ˺ö죬Ҳòˡ
ڳӱߣһӵķ¶
㣬Ǵ㣬ˮ㣬㣬㣬罷ͷ㣬㿾ըС㡭
ԲȫԼǰһĲͼ˸ָζ㡣
һ룬ŵ
һ¡
ܻ뿪һҪúóһ㣡
ֹֻŻӵ⣬ָһһɫķ㣬ڰ׻˦β㣬ɫ㡣
һǷʣϡ̶֮Ǵģܳ԰ˮһٳС룬ʣµĳԲˡ
ԶĻ԰С·һµĸߴĿڳرŮϡ
ڶ࣬һϢСҷ
࿴˰죬ͷƽ͡
ǡˣ
лҪ˵ó(??)
ࣺоԼʮ˳ˡ
Ĵ󼪣~

 3 

ҹĺɻؿþҲЩ}ûšꤱϥǣڳر˴ʱҲûеȵ
粻ˣƫڻ룬ҹأܾűаƮƮԩŮʵھܲסŶôôȥ
ҹȥӱߴ磬ڶЩȣʵʵűһ죬һ뽪
ûȥҲͰˣôҲû˵Ŷ
ȲѾȥʡ
СʱѾ߾ͻˡ
죬Ѿ߻ʱ򣬻ѪɫһȾˣֱӹڵϡ
ûûˡ
ѡ˸µĽӣȥ⻰ױǰ㵻ͷ
ûʲô˼
ǡǡѾһ뵽Լ䡣
˵ʲôص飬óײ˹ˣѾһ𡭡ˡ
Ѿû˵øϸ
ȥʱԺѾɨɾƴ˵ʲôͨйѾҲڣĸġ
ϲ̨ĳ£˹ˣƺǸ粻ģҹ;ûͨйȥҲûнӵͣѾˡ
£֪ŵôӣ˵һŮֻǿ˵ƺǱųˡ
ЩźҲǰҹûԼ
ҲܳȥںδҲȥ
ôΣգҼΣǸءƶ
Ѿ޻˵
ΨһĺȻʧլһֻۣʣˡ
мҵĵŮݣͨеŮûôĹǣķš
ʮʣˣ͵СԲԼŵùǺֻһţľΣյĵǹֱӳƲȥ
ĹʣΪװ񣬽ؿ˼
ţѾߣڿС
ÿһСϣ̵
ʢŵǸַ㡣
һʮ֡
Ⱦ˷纮˵гЩ㣬õÿ졣á˵š
飬Сʣô˵գţ
ЦúһطһطϰԲͬ
ԭˡȻ򣬺ϰͽ˵
صϣҧſӡǰʮֲͬ⿵㣬ɫζȫǣֻ㡣ûκʳ
ֻǲе̫Ϊͷˣ
ţǲֺġµ϶û⣬ֻǣôǸ⡣
Ѿȫǰҹرߵˡ
Сϵĸ㣬ѡһЩ嵭׵ԵġˣֻҲʵʡһСϵһ붼ûг꣬ҧſѾʲȥˡ
շ¿ӣԵĹѣЩҪꡣ
ˡ
ʮ̵㣬ȫꣿ
գգ۾֪ҵǺ⡣죺ǣû޶ʱɣ
Цһ١
ĴӦˣһ㱧ԹûУҲһ£׼Ļòˡ
ûʱ涨ﾡС
Ǿͺá
˿Ѿʣ㶼
ղմȣҳԾ˱ֵķˣµģĴˡ
µĳĬãһݱЩ㶼
֮㱨˵Ѿȥ˼ͷÿͷԣһ٣ڳʰʮȫԹˡ
µ˵ʱȦεЦݽӲҿӣһ⣬ҲС
ֻһЦ⣬ǸСʵϵġ
ҪӺȻԸһѡʮ̵㣬ҪȫԹ⣬亹ֻҪôѾͷҪôѾͷ̧ܾ־ʹˡûϵѾͷСҲԣеСֳ졣˵Ǹʵ۵ģ˵Իˣûʣ
ӣϲڣµġʣˡ£Ҳء͸ź򣿡
ЦֻԼ¥𱣬ƴԼеĹ
ӳæһŮûźҪȲͷϣǿĻ׼ѡЩйصȥź˵á
಻ÿɷ
֣žʮֹأֱһһӦء
СԵĲ˵Щһֱμģֽһ飬Ͳָˡ
պһȫµȹ
⣬ѾԼТǡѾϼ۵ȹںڵĳһٺ٣ֻһ۰ϸ޻
ţͨиŮиĵŮҲһĴ磬ͥۼ˴ʺ
λټŮЦӯӯϸʮִݣ˴жһ˿
ˣͷÿһǲڵϡ
ҪȥǸˡ
ҪȥǸˡ
϶Ҫġ
ǲһɣ᲻һͱšϲӣ
磬ǻ᲻ԶԺ
һ·Լĸһ䣬·ƮƮġ
ܴ󡣴ǾסСԺһ·˳ʯ·ţŵִǰԺǰԺڣͳһ̴ӰšЩ˲ͬϸϸ̲һŷС
ţżȻüľʿôơֻҴҴһۣҶ࿴ͷ߹
ߵýˣǰ˿Խ
̨ͣ£شԽ߽ԽԺ
űѾƿһСǰ·
롣֪ԼʲôģɶעЩ
иĵŮźۼ˵һλŷȹȸ󣬽Ųɼ˳塣
ͨиŮʾȻ벽ӲǿŽŲ죬ȥˡ
ֻ޲˵һǧ⣬봹ͷ˫߬䣬ߵÿһ飬
̫
ﰲοԼ
Ȼ糬ܶһһ̰
ţƣ˳ӵڹµָ£Ůһصϡһ£ǹǶ˵ϸ˳ſʱȫ˵˸ʵ
ûҶ۽ֻܿϯ˵°ڡ
˿ƣټгȴ⣬ˡ
ˣûźˣײ̫㣬СĶѡ⼸λɶµģǲǿɿһã
һ˳ӣмŽ
ˡ
ȻǱˡ
֮ң
һ뵽Щˡ
ҪˣҪˡ
ſڵϣ˰죬кȻ뵽˴ǰֻǧͷġΪڱߣһϸġ
ô
һԼĴȡ
˻ۣ
Сˣ۽Ứȡ
ϸǲôģ
ƴοԼ£ҲҪϸϣһͱ֣
ϸҪߵߣҪʲô
ĻУҪһˣģǹ
ԣ
Ҫǰȥӱ
Եģ
ֱ
~~~
ס
ǰŵиŮһֱݣڳˣֶ֮мŮĹټҵճŮһ֣ĵ˲
ϥлǰϸ֫һŤһŤأϥۼԣ޹ǵָϾƱ˳̧
檷̹ơ
ˣԼӦ
Ŀһ·˳֣ˡ
һۿģ˫
ӣֱ
ͫһ˲ڵϣʷѸٵٶȰĿתͶŮϡ
顢顢顭
ˣôȫõ˶
Ŀڣ˵ǿ־度»ӿհ׵ʲôҲû롣
ջߣ˳ۼԵŮϡ
ȥɱˡ
һһƬհס
ģˡ
ԭһɱˣ룬Ĵڡ
ݣֱ졣
Ȼȥɱı˲Ÿң
ֻʣºڡãӦ
ſڵϲҶˣֻ޲ðԼһûİڼ˶Ĵڡ
̴ӶŮ죬ʱڽ˳ȥ
Ψ˿ǿ϶
͵ʱȻŲԡһأأ̧
Ŀϡ
˿ˡ
ʲô
˽һҲɵġӲŲСתд˶ʱ֪Լ̫£ݶˡ
죬µģߣŬǼһ߶µĻȣ˳أµأ־ء
ǣСڡڸѰ࣡
ײˡ
رۡ
Ҫˡ
лҪ˵ʱ°µùͷˡ
ࣺʱ;ſɰ뿴޳
Ĵ󼪣Ŷ~
ʮл֣߱ǻమ~

 4 

һԼСޱ˻ѾߴŹǷƿ߻ǰס
̧ۼ䣬бһˮδɢȥ˯ʵģЩ¶
űӳĬһ̣յļӿС
죬иĵŮûˣͨиŮˡΪ˵˾䣬Ҳ¡جج֮б˰ӵڶӡٶģҲ벻ˡ֮ˡ
е˵磬Ҫʱ̾ȥţ
ʱ̣룬УŹǷȥǰԺ
λԺŵ̴žǾģҿѾŽˡ
һûҲûȥţѾߴ˸ƣһʣѾ߻ȥš
ôˣ
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óԼϰˮƽؾس
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ɫһ
ץס
ϸ޹ǡ
лҪ˵ҾQAQ
~

 5 

ҪҪҪˣ
ˣ
һ̣ҪӳȥһԶ
ȻҵײŰϣ
в֪Ŀڱϡ
ָֺܴ׾ٰ󣬽СɫڰļһԵɫֽߡ
常֣޳ָһýˣԿǾԺÿ
ֻǿڲ༡λãָļ룬ĥսս֪֣׾
ӵ̧֡ͷܷܲſߺһƬհףͣһ㶣Ȼⲻ˸䣬Ư
ӦԼ˵ʲôľګرۡ
Ϸ
˵ոܻǱ˰ɣ
Щʲô
ָ
۵һ¡
ǻѾ˵ˣҪˣǰҲ˵ʵˡ
ӵۣ֡ŵ촽ףҲǿؼ˵ȣ
ӵΰжСֻ֣֪Ǵ䣬˫Ӣۡ
֪Լ˵ʲô¿ˮ˵Ǽ֣û˵ˡ
СͣȣϾ޽е
ܽܱ֣Сıʤĸ
û˵
СӻεøҶһдˡˡһ˵ԲԵĻ
Լ֪˫Ⱦһˮʱ޷ڲصİ
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ڱռҲԺż˲ˮδע⵽˳
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ղͬʱĩطСһ·ѾŶСǹڵϲľĵذ塣
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찡Щֻ֣뵽Ǹء
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ŮϸЩͬϸգĴҲвͬ
СǴһ֪ãŮģڣģͰСΨ˫۾תмֻˡ
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ˮڵҲˣ̨ûڱΣͷãɹǼۡ
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Լͬģ˽ѹˣҼת˲λ
λǳˣλؽšӲǶͨݸķ棬ˡλЩ
һԲһɨս
ûаλãҲվԺһ
үЦЩƱյԽŵմ
λүŵģģͨݸʷʮϹ١
Ŀɨκͣоơ
ߣƵƵ࿴Ȼľ
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һȻĶ
ôƣ¹ٲţԸΪӷơ
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Ǹģͷϵ档
ûۼ
ϡ
ϸҶ֦Ʋӯһա
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ڻ൥ĦŻ˲ŵ֫ˡ
ȷӯһա
лҪ˵֭оԼţ
ࣺŵ㣬Ѹоȥ
ţϸ
~

 6 

ʧֻǶ̶һ˲ͫ΢ǿļУ˵ĻС
һɲǣѩϢ
衣
־ǧ֮⡣
˿ţհŵϣϸµĳš
ָĦ
ЩЩ֪Ĳ
飬ֱ
ĿĿ֮°ڻˣ

Ҫʲô
ССʡ
˵Ǹϲŭ޳֮ˣǱ֮ʱǻ֮еĴ˵Ķǣ¾Ůɫ߱Ůӣɶһɱ˲٣ֶ˳ȥ
϶գǬĿ֮¡ҪЩʲôɣ
ӲǰľͷӣÿһͷŲҶޡ
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á
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ΪȵСＸȲСС϶Լͷϲʤ˵ȣܷ̹ˣ
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~
ǻѽ~뿴ǵ~

 7 

ȣȾƹã
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һӶ˸ʯͷɲ㱻׹ˤصʯͷ񣺡ǣ
ͨݸĴСԱ˽ԵķҲͰˣ˽²һ󣬾ǲ˵Ĵˡͨݸ꣬ҪǲܸһĴ𰸣Ժܾûˡ
ɼѾæʯͷϡ
ӣСĻһ
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ҹ鷿ص
ſҵ̴ƿţӽȥȻڵȡ
ʱֻҪſͻ˵ƶˮźӵ飬
ЩʱǶϰˣûһȥ̣ţ⡣
һƬڡ
վû
ҹķմ°ڣͱ˪ɢĲ⡣
ټһ
ñεģɿ˵ãһøŷֿıɴٵģ޵Է
ǳǳĺ
ϸϸģСè̶
¶ˡ
֣ߵýˣóԸıɴ
ഹһɴᣡ
ûеƣһƬУΨۣƺҹӰ㣬ɽڵһ۵ס
ǽڵС齱˷
һɹůУһνСŮ
ƺˣűӲûѹסҹɫ¶һƬס
վڰǰʱı˪⣬ɢˡ
ϵŮ˯Ժˣűӷ˸
խС齣ݲôķ
Ƶͨűӣˤڵϡ
΢΢ǣһڶϣĬĬעš
һ˯ò֪ԣֻԼƨһʹߵȹλһǱڱͲ֣ҪƿӣԺ˱
Щˮı
һ͵Ļᣬôҷ䣿
ƺ˵Ĳںһ䡣
һ˿|ҡ
лҪ˵awsl
ࣺ
~
~

 8 

֪մƾֻ֪ȣȵκ϶˯һУ̵ˮȵ˶ƮƮģڶκ
ڱӦ
ԣڱķ䡣ģ
ҲܣڵϣǴӴϱˡ
СӼ
ѡ
ٵĴԷ˼ʲô
ǲҪ˯
˯ǲǾˡֽһ룿
£һһȷ·ڱͲǿԴ
Ϸģ
ŴŮ
ѻȸ
ҹκһϸϸ
ЦҲߡ
ڱ졣
ģ
常ôãԸϣܹվһ棬һҡѾӦ֣ӣߴ߷ˣӣ
Ҳܣһֱڱߣ˲ˮ⵱СѾ߰ɡ
ԺˣԼ̫£մȾһ˿һԷ̹ӵݽԺӣȴԼԼһѾߡ
ڣСѾ߲ˣСѾҪ췴ˡ
ŲǣСѾأҪ뱩ͬޣҪӣҪ߷磬ҪҪ
߷硢߷硭
СӼ˰죬ò״ӾýıһҴƵϸ׸첲⿪ı졣
СͦģϷ
ͦ־
ྲעƬ̡Сͨ죬һĺͱֻһѾıӣƫƫͭǽڣСôҲ˺ĹĵأۿҪۣŽˡ

һ
Сڱ˹ʵû֬ζֻеһǳ
һ
С
þˡ

ܻգҲԼصı¡
ɽϵһ
űĽսӣͬС
ᡣ
ŵС֣߹ãÿһСӵůĴϡ
Ҳڴˡ
κһŮм֮ס
Сת
𣬱ߡСƵ䰡䣬Ҫ˯˲ˣҧŴҪ޳
ˣô찡
ܺͬޣʲôʱܳΪӣ
ҪǻûеӾˣģǧͷˡ
ߺأǻСѽһûУûкһŴء
ĽŲ΢˶١
ſǻܺ
ؿ޳
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ֻ¼򵥵֡
ɡ
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ѵطǱ׾Сڹ꣬˰죬ŴӱԼȻ󣬱ԴغţѾߣûӦ
ְ˰죬һûϢıĿ͡
ף
ԼķŶ
̳ջĴİϴŵᣲҲûȵȣǼѽڱżҲůС
Ǳů
ںͱͬ˯һҹ
ű¡Ŷˣ񻹡û·
һ˲䣬۾ɴޱ𾪡
ѵѵϡ
ͬˣ
ˡ
СӲҶӶô졣
ͬҪˣ
ôôô죬ûء
᲻ӣ
ڱԼ⻬СƤǵСüͷ
òŶ
ȣԺͱͬˣﻹ˸Сޡʲôûء
ԽԽѹСƤۿҪ
ܿ޲ܿޣǱôǣ㱩ͬ
˵ˣӣҪ˯һ䷿ȻﴧġôһӵҲһˣñ֪ˣ
ǿӣ̻ᡣ
ޡȵȼҪЦ
Լϰ¶һЦ
۾أȻ´죬һŵ仡
Ц
رűӣһһ̾
Ŷ
ԭֻڱ߻ţҲôѡ
֮ǰʱ˵ϳɪɪʱŴһȶûУһ룬ÿѾþȫˡ
Ŷ
ü۽ǶǶ
СڴСʱڵѾߡ
Ѿߺ֪ʲôʱ򣬶̣һ״ڵȹ
ܸ߳ױϣůİĴԥƬֱ̣ܿѾȥڱﴲ
ûС
~
˿ϽԶĵط
Ȩƴʱڸ㡣
ǻ̻̲ǿһգڶѾȥҸһӣԼĴ򣬾ҽˡ
ǰȣЩϣѾߣ¶ܾͷЩǲס¡
ϴһ˿ϸ֮󣬳
Ϸ۹ֻƵó·³ֳѪ飬庮֢֮ƺǡЩ𣬸ӣӹ
⻰ˡ
ӹһ򶼺ܺáÿһ£̫븮еĴҲЩҩ衣ֻ̫˵ʱ̥ˣֲ£Աȿһ㡣
˵ɵûв졣
˴Ļ׼дӣѾߣ̧˿ȻСԴ˵Ӱҡ𣿡
ռǵŮƤӱǿ˵⻰Ѿͨˡ
ǻգ϶˵ֻ˵ó·˾˵ģˡ
Ҳˣ϶Ҫ͹ȥһ
ԣ
ԼСƤ
ԥ¡
ʵĺڹúõ꣬ǺϢԵġ
ôأ
أûֻС
ôǲҪȰ̥ҩѽ
ˣ
ֻŵ֣ȥͳˣ塭˵ʱûٺȡ
ͷԣʣΪҪȰ̥ҩ
Ϊһѽдʡ
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򣺡û
û
û
˴۵СۣһʱеΡ
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ͨݸʷˣһš
Դţ͵鷿
鷿ೣڵĵطˣֻܹһ̡
ʷ˵ºʱĩɽٻ뾩ĳӣǰɽݶ£һݷһͻ
ӣʷǲ֪ģװģСлҪࡣ˵ǱĿġ
Ŀָá
ҪľĿġ
ǣӢ˵˼䣬û˵ˣȻ뵽Եģԥԥأӣһ£СĲ֪ô˵
ͷҲֳ̧Ŷǣһַ£δ
ɶ˶٣СȥʵǸеĴ˵ǣȥ
̧
˵в֢֮ӹǣĽ˵仰ЩˣĻԥ˰죬УоǣƺţСҪʴһ̥ҩ
ֱ壬е¿ȥˡ
һ첻Сʲô
ǣ˵ﲻûУǸ˵꣬ͷ
СǸСƭӣǸСɵӡ
ͬһ䣬˸żԶŴ˯ɲ˯ó
֪û뵽˳ͣһ
죬Ŀɨոӵһİ
ճУš
Щɻ󣺡ǡ
ޱԸ
еˣҪ߶
ɱġ
лҪ˵ǧQAQ
ǣѽѽ~
ôô~

 9 

ߴ޲ſڹһлͣԼ˽Լ
Ҳûˣ
ֻŴǸϵģǧ֪ȻĻҪ֣Լ˽Լ
ĺܺãֻڶ죬һλķ˾ѾһʳУ˴Ļ˵ã£רŶ˵˵
һɴϼװԼȣѾߺͷ˻ȥ
ʹ˵ϻʵǸϱֻˣӵŮƣǸϱĺò¶ɱߡ
ˣλҲգվ˵š
ɲסˡ
˼ҷ㣬ΪǱźģ˼ҷСģҲá
ֻñˮԼ¶ȣǷ˽
Ͳ󣬶ʮͷǺ񲻹
໥䣬΢һ㣬˿ڷһתﻰﻰⶼһЩŮ֮¡
ЩЩİ˵ģǷ˶ˡ
Ƿ˵ʱ޲ȼˡͨ죬ëȵأߵޡ
˵˵ţ¶ۣЩɻĸ״̹ô
صͷЩ˿֪顣
СԺûĸݵģ̫
Ƕһչ㸮СټŮݣͰ˵ĸ׵Ļָĸ׽
Ƿˣͬĸ첲ŮҵЩ±̸ŮģԭŮǿڸвúù֪ʶǷȱЩҲпԭ
Ѿ֪λǿģл֮࣬Ҳ뵽ԼŮ̫ĸסý̸ŮЩλ˵ģ̫һ䶼ûи߹
ΪͻС
˰벻ףԲˡռĸʾ֪ˡ
ٶҾͳϾ֪ͨչųһȥݶ㡣
㣬ЩĶ
үһǸʵɾƫЦüۣɲҪƴǣ˵ˣеˣҪ߶߶źá
ǻһڣǺ˷¹ŵĴ߷
ôȻñ֪ˣ
֪ˣȻȻЦ
үЦȥߺۿҧ߷ߣҲŲȥҶȥ
*
ͨݸش֮Ҫ̳ͨΪݸľԴ̻ͬͨݸĵλ𴦲ܸͬߡߵǵعԱҪԸһֹ̼ò
ͨݸʷ뾩ҹһǰɽݶ²ΰݣͬģйٸһЩС١һǰģȴ
һܣǰһܣٶųӣһСһЩ˵ǴĳӵŮ졣
ŮһС͵ڳ⡣
ѽ
ôһ֪ˣүҲ֪ˣֱûˡ
ƫƫҪܾң͹񫣬ֻܹԹԻϱǱȹױãһš
ǲ㶼㲻ˡ
ޱس̾һ
֪ĽûʧģҪ󲻸ߣֻҪ¾С
ɽλͨݸĳʮ֮ʣڶࡣ
ٸֵ̼ͣɽŵλãһɱϵһ࣬⾪Ŵ
Ѿߵ
ͷñҿŮ첻٣Եĸ̼ҴңмСٴŮлдʷеСŮ˴˺ãɽ
ȥʮŵĴָͲʱɽ£ڼֻڹΡ
һʼǹǼ£ͷñʱˡߣ̨ɽˮע⡣
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ŽŲ
ȸڣеĸöۣʮ档
Ų
СһñӶҪճɽҰȸϣһһ
ûСѾͷ
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ͣ½ŲѾͷжĥ䡣
ĺĥɽּ䲻ȸ֦ͷȻһֻββͱȥﱧŹӿУ͹Ĺɰ
죬Ŀת
⻹һμֶء
֮ǰ»ŹӿеĴβֱ߲·ˣ޲ꡣ
Ҳͣ½Ų̨֮
ڲĴСԱ͸̣ΪһŮפ̨ף
Ҵš
ͯȤ
ʷʮ࣬˵⻰á
ջߡ
ȷʵ
ʮ弰ǵŮΪͯȤҲ档
˵̧ͷֱȻߵ
۾
ǿġ
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ӣЩ̤ʵڵѽεºܡ
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һû˿βȤԹǰڱߣ̧ͷ¶һ˳Ц
ӣҿˡ
ҿˣ
಻ÿɷ
תߡ
ǹɣֻǵΪֹ¹Ҳ֪ﵽǡ
ġ
С檣úܡ
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С檣
ѾǱС𣿣
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ô
ͷת˰죬ȫ֪ôͷСݡ
ɲǵһԼһ𾪣ǰ棬һ֪ôģƵĺ棬Ц롣
̬Ҫжϣ㶼ǰЦ˵ĵ⡣
ЩͷԣʷСŮʮ꣬Сô꣬ǰָָ㣬ܿ󣬻дء
⬣δһʱ۾ˣ˲Щͷת¶СŮ֣ӿ첽
СѾͷˣſߵÿ˵㡣
СѾͷ
ú塣
ɽǸɵĻƣŮͶ߲˼ҪЪЪϰݶ£Ůȥ׼Ϣ
ҲǲʲôˣۡЪʱѾߴںδøȥ̡
ӱʷԺˣ˵Ҫȥһ֡
Ѿߴ˻˵
ˡ
ԺͲ룬ɲ͵ȥ
ſģЪϢˣ´ñȥתת
ʮУû˹ܣתĴûء
ճţš

㡣
һǴʷҵСŮһһ̼ҵС檡
һ˵У˽顣
ݶڶ࣬ŮҲŮǵˣĵطʷҵСŮƺϤߵһǩĴ
㣬ͨݸǩݣȻˣβǩء
ʷҵСŮǽǩж棬ǩͲ
ڳߣǳӵ檣ʷҵСС˵ϳɣԵƺǲˣһǰ̣
ǩͲҽӡ
ǰ̣
ڶѾǱ׿ڳϵСˣﻹʲôǰ̡
һţǸű빬ȥСӣڴ߷ʱܱͲˡ
˲ˣһһƽɡ
޳Ϣѡƽ
ϵҡǩͲһǩкȻЩһ
ס
ǰһڡ
ʲô
ߣ
һͫ׽
⣬Ҫ
лҪ˵Ҫ
ࣺxx֮xxҲ
ܰʾܾҰζ𣬽Լôô

 10 

ʱʱ䣬Ѿڴʷ·£ȥ˴ʷĿġݶµסִʦ
ʷǸˡ
һ㶼֪ôǶԾõġ
ԽʷֻסִʦԼȥιˡԺǼˣյúܡ
ʱʱ䣬㹻˽⵽Ҫ֪
һģﵽĿˡ
뿪ԺʱλһʼŷԴȱЦݵס֣ϣüͷԥ
Ȥ
ȥСɵģʲôÿǣɡ
ɵڳǩ
ͷһһס
ܾ͵̧ͷ۾ﶼίˮ
Ȼ泩ˡ
Ҫˡ
һֱֹͣһ
ؿڣ۾ģ
ӡ
ΪʲôҪȻվͱ׸ŵùǺˣһҪֱˡ
ǵ棬ڱ߿ɲˣƢίèץƵģҲֻܼһͰ͵Ц
˺ֱµλãǩ
졣
ʲôÿģ˸ƽ͵һŴף˱ѵбҪ¶
Ա϶Ҫɱˣ
㲻˳ҲҪѲƤ
ӣոʵǡʷСŮԥ£Цƽ
ƽȴ鵽˴֮ǩСŮͬÿЩԽܰɡ
ЩԽܣȫܽܡ
ҧ´̧ʱίض޳
ǩڱҲ˴ףƽǴףܹǣĵء
ǩ
ǩҡ
ƽ˵㡣
С׻
߰ɡ
ǩһȤûУƳСһۡ
ӲŸȻͷ
ǳϣǩĺлһȱǴ׵ƽǩ
ǩͲ
ѵһ졣
Ĵײˡ
Ӱݶ»죬һֱ
ǩƽ˸ף֮¿Ҳֻ¹ıŻںӻȥȴܲӰ졣
ʮ־裬Ƿľ棬Ҫʲôˡ
ô磿ȥۣ˯һ
ʱ̣ŹǷţһ֣֪˶ãһ˸ãȰ˯
Ǳߡ
ū˸߹ˣǱ߷Ըˣᣬ࣬ȥţֻîĩȥ̹ӡ
ȥ˲ˣ
ҲͰˣ߻һѾ̧ȥһ򿪣ȫոµȹΡ
Щӳûи׼ã˵֪ϲãͨݸõչһüһ
ȹŲ־ͷ֣ﴩŵȹӻҪ
Ҳࡣ觵ģһױƺС
ȡһ侫ϸ̶ȣȥʮùαȥˡ
̲ạ̊́ĺǮѽ
ʮŮҲΣЩ˯ˣױ̨ǰ²װԼ
ͷ˿ЩһһԹȥѡһ΢һȹ
ԼѡǾԼһ㡣Тء
ʱĩŵ˱⣬һ̴ӣ̴Ӽ

Ӷųȥת֮ǰˮ鿣߹һСרŲ鷿
˹

ţȥЩĻš
鷿
ʲô
һɿɴߣ⣬Сʺ
ӣˡ

ǱĻӦ
еãȻ˽ȥ
ϵ㣬з۱Ϸմī֭ıʡ
δ̧ͷѸɨ۱ϼġ
վԭأǰ
ǶԱ֪еģ˳ǳǵ¡
ôҲ㡣⣬Ҳ¡
ʲô
˲ˮ
Ҿֱߣ˲裬˸ࡣ
ӡ
²ϣǶ
ðĲ뱻˳ϡ
̣ԥŲ֪ǲǸ˻ȥҡȫ֪ʲô
Ƕ

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СϰڷϹģͱµġ
С˹ȥҲΪʲôǶҿ
ҷҶ
ָֻһλþͲٴ
԰ֻڷﵱһڼ
⡣
̫ˡ
Źȥʱ䣬ʱ𴲡֮ǰʱĩůǶһڿûһеĵط
Ƥӵ£սսͦıֱó˹ȥǽõ̬
ܡ
ػ˸ƣŤһ½Ӳ
໹ڵͷ£ûзְ
¿ֲ߶ʱһƤ
ǿ룬̣ûס
С̧ͷ۱
˵ĲǷŴüۼһƬĮ
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Ӧòע⵽ġ
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ȻСϵһϹصϡ
ֳʼԸװһ£ۣգգۣȻٱϡŲס۾һգСèƵĺ
еıͣˡ
ֲСһʼڼһ
ڵãֱ˯ˡ
ۣ˳Ľë΢΢˯òǻں
ɣˡ
Ϳˣ㹻ˡ
ഹ¡
*
оܲԡ
Դǰڱ鷿С˯ţ󣬶ϱζͷֺ֮ǰһˡ
ڱţŸ˲ˮ⼸գÿն˯îʱ֮鷿š
Ҳֻ˵š鷿ڣʲôҪи׼ĹϹģԹʳá
ôʹҲ
գ΢һ㣬ҳűעʱһڴ
ʱһСľߵ鷿ſڣײϡ
ﰲ
˺һ
Ҳ˰벽Ϳ񣺡ү
ү̬ת̫ˣ֮ǰȻͬ룬û뿪С˾䣺үչӻ鷿ʲôҲңӵʲô
ԣЦˡŹӣǹ¶ˡ˲ˮЩС£żǹ빫֮¶һֱѾߵ¶
ǹ˾檣Ѿ߿ɲֻͬܺúŹӾǡ
Ŀȥ
Ȼ
ԭˣ
ǰСˣѹ鷿ûзԸǡ
νǾ޴Ľˡ
١
һˡǱǰһ˵ģĸ˶Դ̬ȡ
޴ľϲϲʤصЦ˴ǡ
һ仯˱֪Ļ磬ѾҲ֪ˡ
ôãǲǸдŻˣ
ôһ㣬뵽ڱ߻һС檵ݣǵȷãǸø߸֡
һֽд˹ͱ֮ϵ仯ݣֻҳѾͨ·˳ȥ
ҹ
˯ԺɤӸɿʣڴ룬һ
ף
ۡ
ڰУĴ齱ߣһˡ
ĬѹΣա
ͫһ
ӡ
ҹгеģȻǱ
ٵҪըѣӲм䲻õԤС
˳ĿҲϣ˹֣˳򢣬⻬Ĳ
Ȼһס
ôͲ֪ٹһ㡣
ٹһ㣬µ㣬˵Ҿ㲻ˡ
̾Ϣ
лҪ˵QAQ
ࣺ
~

 11 

Ҫˣ
ҹȲָı䡣
˵ƶ¶ȵġȵģǻŵ
ƺ¶ȣѩ飬䳹ǡ
ۡ
޷Ĳţһսʹ죬ʶɤۣѩ׵ļ֬졣
ʹ࡭
ʶðģߡǰҹеظĹͣרɥȪ
ڴʹϾʹؼٺʪ򢣬˵Ļڡ
Ҫˡ
ܹԣʲôûΪʲôҪɱ
鵽ƽǩףȻĴס
˫ֽץ˵ֱۣۣؿ
Щ죬һֱ׿ڳС檣˲ˮÿߣ׼͵׼Ƥӵ˯ôĶ
ҵүǹ
ѵΪ
ΪʲôͶ̶̼ʱһӾͱˣ
һ׶ûУȻҪɱ
ȥУǸĻ˵Ļӡͷ
һ±ѹһԲܿˡΣա̸Цһն³ԴҲʹ͹̽ųն
֮ǰҲвŮ빬˵һãڱ棬û죬ͳľ˵ʬס
²Żֻ߹Ҫű¶κһá˺áϵС
̲ס߲⡣

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ӡҪǴͨ죬۾ỨҭŶ϶ӣҸڹߣѾˡ˵ǹӵС檣ĻҲҪ׿ڳϣˣҺŬķ㣬檡
һ˵һ룬ѹģ޲ԼΡ
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ȥ常Ҳ˵ԼĺŬģҲгЧˡ
ֻǱ̫Σգ̫硣
˵Լԣ޵ó۾
ҡ˵ˡ׼ˣӡ㶯ְɡ
ֻһʱ䣬͵ػţһ۷졣
ӣ㣬ֹһ㣬ۡ
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ˡ
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СѾͷỹЩȣҧŴģͰ֮࣬Щ
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Щȫȫʬ
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ûϵһùģ˼ҵҴԼȥˮȡ
˲ˣе常أҲм㣬ȻŻء
۶룬ȰȰȵԴǰһ١
˲ˡ
Ҳǹ⡭

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ĺ󾱱߬ģ·𱻶ס˵ĺӲŲҶ
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ΪʲôҪӣѲɣĸĲӣ
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л
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⻰УͱˣѾҪˡ
ôУ
ӡ
ȻڡڸеļɽҲܻȴܿǾ͸ˡ
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ѾС˵Ȼ֪ǰչ֮便ʲôǹﲻȵͷҪóӼǵԺ󡣡
۾һֻмˣôԺ
Ҹôأ
̡
Ѿ롣
ɻǵøе檣
үˣҲүȥСΪ檸үˡ
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ӯӯ֮ˣȷʵܿ
ĿСϡ
Σ
С˸񣬿Ŀİȡһ߾˫֣ݵǰ
ġ
еСҧ
ӣ¡
ජһ˿ϣɫ˿ŵĴһġ֣һʱĬ
лҪ˵ˡ
ࣺ׷
ǻѽ

 12 

ţԼĺ⡣
֣˿ôƯƫ˿ϵǿʲôԽܵĴڣ֮ĬĬһۡ
رãˣȷǵ
֣׼˿㲻ϲҲҪ֮ǰĪ˱ˣҲֻǳҹɱˣûеˡ
˿ϵ֣ѵÿ
ûգԼ˿ãصԼ䡣
·߲ͨˡ
Ϊʲôʱûж࿴檼أҪǶ࿴Σôĵģѧûˡ

ϲ˿ϲ֡
ֽдһĵʧ֮룬ּһʡ
ǲϲɫ˿ߡ
´εĻҪܿЩ⡣
ʧܣټǰòڱϣٵ졣ȱǱոʧܵģµĴ㡣
뵽µ֪ͨ
պʱױã»
ûķ벽⣬Ѿߴӣ⹰ֵ
⡣

պ󣬽ʷ빫̤ࡣһһ塣Ҫͬһ𡣡
̤£Ҳ
˶٣̧ͷա
ʱѾſһȡ
˵ǴգʵѾ޽ӽˡ
ĩʱڳȥ̤࡭ιӣ
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ǣҼˡ
ȻҲǲҾܾģʵʵڴĩβͣ׼˳ʱŸе̤ࡣ
ͨݸǰѾһµʱ䣬ϴȥһΰݶ£û뿪Ű벽
յ̤Ҳûʲô뿪ȥһɵĿҲǺõġ
Ȥյʱ䣬Ѿ׼һЩ㣬ݵĲ裬뵽ͷ׼һֽɡ
Ҹӣһ㣬Сһ㡣Щ׼ˣ˵ʲôָѾ߱ȻܷұϾС
ͨݸͦ󣬶׼С¡ϴȥݶʱûһӿԿᱳʹѧˣǰ׼һ棬پһСͷϾС˯ˡ
Ѿߵһʱ׼棬ᱡĻΡ֤˯ʱᱻѵۡ
һ׼¾㱸
ѾӴʱе٣ϴκУѡһԽҡǰúɫ֬ʻ꣬ղͬľ
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⻰ɲĥ䣬ȷҺͱһСĻñ
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͸Ѿ˽ŵʡ
ֻԼȽڡ
ڣѾˡ
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ټǺͱԶ롣
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ţģѡ㹻ˡ
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һ·ãԵɵۣ㲻֪ԼĶ
ѾЩͷˣָСϴ˴ʾ
ȥţһԴˣЩһӣı˳קסĸ첲סֱӵڵϡ
ллӡǺС˵š
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̰ӱߣһïʢĲ¡ﻹвҰҰȻ£ǻݵģܾ
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ͣ⡣ĵ̰ӺҲе룬ǵ֮󣬸ûй
ӡʣ²ǸĴɡ
Щ۱ĻݣժҲûȤˣԭ·ء
Ǹŵ͸Ȥժ˼Ҷ
˴ûʲôϡģһ伱ٵĺһҡҡλεţһʧ޵ĵ̰ӣһʽĲ¡
ҲԱиСɽСɽľïܣʵʵڵ⣬һͺ
ԱߵСɽȥ𣿡ɹЩ͵˺üۣ̲סˡ
˳Ǹֺ͸
͸ɫһ䣺ֵطﲻȥ
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͸ָϽŵȣСŻɽС˵ǰߵģϸõģһܳûŵ
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ϲҪҵ¶С
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ӣʣӺͽʷǲҪ衣

ñСƺѾɴܷ۾
ס
Сϣֻ롣ԵʲôûС
˶˲裬һת˱Ľűߡ
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ܡ
˵
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ʷһЦǺǵ
಻͡
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̲ס졣
ǡ
ûҲҷ
û
²׼
źӵԾСɽǰȻһ̡
УʲôһĶٷ˹
̶һ˲ˡ
ĹӶСɽ̴͸ǻҶҳһš
͵ϮҪɱ
̷Ӧ˹
ھͶڱĽűߣλãɲ
ɸ⬣Ҳ̫ˣ
һƬհ׵վ׼Ⱦܡ
֪סԼȹڣʧȥƽ⣬ֻ֮˫ץס࣬ûסĺ󱳣ֻüһ
ӡۣ
ͻһ֧ǿֱֱ޴ʧصź׼࣬һͷӵ̰ϳȥˮУ
лҪ˵Ҳȷʲô
ࣺҲЩȷʲô


 13 

ͷµ̤࣬һЩ˵ĻᡣలȥֻŽմ
µ˶úܺãѸȫ׵еˣһһɸѡ֤ÿһһУá
ʱôģСϣĳ⣿
ǿ⼸մͷɥһ㳯ûУһԾʹ
ɣһбȻɡ
ˣҲûʲôá
ѵд顣գϲ򵥵ķʽ
ֻΪͨݸĹϵЩ󱳺ǼһҲǺܼ򵥾ܲġӣһ档
ʸĳ֣󣬼֮ڡ
Ψһ©ģű߶ŵСѾͷ
ŻˣҰ۾֣޲ιȥʧ
Ӧһġ
ƫһ̣߲á
֮ģ͸ϡ
ǸСģģ˵ҴСѾͷȻڹʱ˵ϣԼĺȥֵڵĹ
һ̣©ˡ
С۵ûһ顣
СʧŽһ
һ©㡣
ġ
еСˮ˶Ӳˣļۣˮһˮһˮ룬һֻϸָļۡ
ǱޣץסΨһĻᡣ
ǾͨˮԵĺҲδ˳ˮγο࣬ˮԣǸպöˡ
ﻹ׹һˮСѾͷٴˮһʱ֮Ҳκβˡ
§ŻѾʧȥʶСڼĵĺŬһͨӰ·
ˮӿŲͬͨˮµĳȣвٵİʧˮеķ

ͷۻеС
԰۾գĺˮѾʶ塣
ǺˮǺιȥˡ

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§ֱ˹̶ԼУһǰ
ˡ
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ƫƫѾͷһ֪ĳıУıӰ׾ĵΣǰ
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µҪ

оǶʮͷһ⡣
еİ
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ྲź֪С죬
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ҲԼһ
*
ܡ
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ſŵƣؿѹۣϸۡû˯ףԵɵɵͱӷӦĿ죬ߺŵѾ߷ˮ
ֻ˺ð죬ҲûѾ
鲻Ըۡ
һۣŵǻݣͷһ롣ںڵϣŻûС
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лҼˣ˰죬ԽԽѹ˲ۣһһ
ʲô
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ڲͬһҺɫĳôҲͰˣ¶һأɿ壬ĳһ洦ɼƽ
Ҳſεùֵͨƽ
˾
кȻ
ѱ۵ˤºˮ·϶ҲΪˣֺ֮ñûˡ
ứأűβѡ
ûˣûжţԲ𣬶ҵĴҲá
űˤܻܻȥ
»ָʲôȥ²͵ظ˸أְӽȥˡ

ϵ˲ŹһҩСȫûע⵽ˣһѹĵ
޵ңίĺӡ
ôˣ
¡
һ°ڣ࣬жݸ
һŨҩСϣΨһĴҽġ
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¹ǵ£ˣҪҩ
һ㶼Ƕ|ҩɱֱӾ֣ܶαضһءڶԱɱĴȻΣҩ빾ཹེˡ
á࣡
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֡
ӣǲǡǲˣ
ſڴϣתһ¸첲ոպҩʱ򱻿ˣŸоۡ
Ƴı
ˮ̳ˮƮ˺ԶϰĵطѾ֪Զ±òҵһ䣬һ廻˴õһ䷿ϸϴ軻£ϸ˵С˲٣صģǺ󱳡
ˣǹϲ|һֵˡ
˵أҲᡣ
ټСϸƤ⣬ģһһ飬˿Ѫʵء
ˣء
⻰ԻˡҲôۣѵԼԼģ
˱ĻΪİԼϵ˵ˣһֱۡ
˻ᣬͲʣˣǲǲеأ
Ŷ
ޱ飬е빴ǡ
Ѿͷ
ɵÿɰ
˵òءҪӽˮСʱ˴øϴ裬һ˿ڸȾ˵ҹֱ˸ȡ
СҹȻں
ҹϸȥࡣ
˵ˣ

һյú͵ơ
ڴϵСͨ죬۶ͷȫǺյ÷ɵ촽˶


ӣ𡭡ҡСϸƵŴ
ֱ
ڰУϸ£СߣһšˮӣطͨĶͷ
ͷԼ֡
ƽͷһչˡ
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ָ̡ⷢ
չ㣬ҪǺòˣ¾ɱ㡣
лҪ˵ôоԼ䣿
ࣺ룬չ㡣
~

 14 

Сũᣬֻи޵Ĺ׼˸ľ裬ľ·ֱߣ˰ľˮ
ͷϵӣǴԼͳǸúɫ˿һġ˿һȦû෭˳ֱӴʪšɸ¡
ҽҽҩֻ˵ƽսͻСһޱȣԶǴǳҽźġһҩȥյշۣϸЩֱ治Ļ
šʮΣܲ¡
ҹѾˡƫƧĴׯûκζΨСݣҹһյݳ޵͵ơ
ٴν˿ľʱˮСĸյˡ
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СݵˣǸϸ˺ŮʹǮϵڣ˶в
˼òľ裬ߵԺˮ
ũˮˮУ«һΪˮĹߡ
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Ŀ̶ɨһȦ
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СưܣЩϢ
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ÿһһһѪĻ롣
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пҪȾһʱõİȴصĳϸϸŷƮ
һм¶ı壬ڸǡ

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Ͽۡ
ձ˵ֻǲˣ۵õץӸεءͷԼϵĵʲôĲˡ
ɵǶûһ˸ϸˣ
ˣԵ㶫ӡҲûԵģǷһ𡣡
͵̧ͷ
Ŀࡣ
ޣ
ķޣ
˭˭
һƬʱһֻѾĺ죬ǰ

ũķˣϸôģƣҲǱȴֲ赭ҪƶһЩġ
׼޵СŮӶ꣬˵ϣĿⲻϡ
ũҵСŮӴ󶼸ɻɹպͮͮģʲôֻֽǰ˷ЩѧĽϸ
롣
üҲ̧ǷǰֱƸ
ھϸ˵ĻһֶûõС檣ôҺͱޣʱǰһ롣
Ӳ𣿡
ʳڣͺˡǵ²ǵ֮ǰҲǻӣԹƽеĴֲ赭ũҷ϶Բȥ
⣬߳һźҲûУʱǲǾҪԵʱˣ
Ҫ¿ӣƳһۡ
ȳԡ
Ŷһʵʵӹ뿪ʼ
Űţ׳һƵļ嵰
һʱѰ졣Ŷƽȷϡֵطм϶ϡġֶӦøԲŶԡԼѾʣˣôܶʣ롣
׵ļֿࡣ
ԼҲûԣֱȥǸ˼лʲôʳġ
Ǹ壬㹻䷿ȫ˲Ǹ̰ĵģʵʵ˳Ĵʳ
һѾףһѬ⡣
ӡ
ӣķǳԲߣ㣬ԵһȣϾͺá
Ŷ
ǰָǡ
³
ᡣ
ʱ常ͦһģ;³常ġ
ֻǣ
СŮæȼ̨µľ
ϴ⼦ֽѬϴɾгָͷСĿĵžһ¹
ǰһ뵰֭ȥȺϣĹ˸
һϽƵļ嵰һСл
ӣˡ㳢
վ࣬۾ء
ԼĳպģӦòϲ
ȷܴ㡣
ජǰб˵࣬ϲþߵһ㣬˲ʧȥԭ򣬳һڣŴ⵰Ϊһ壬ڸмѡ
ӡ
Сﻹڶȸ𰸡
챻䵽ϵˣһϣСȻΪϳԷʹ³ȤǣոտŵļȻǸ
𣿡
˸޹ϵ⡣
ôһ˵ãصͷ
۰Ŷ
һСޱ٣ӣ˵ֻǲôһҹôۣ
ͷֺһࡣ
Ϊƭġ
һܿס
յ񳿣һֱʳһ¶ǣⶼˡ
£Ψһһȱϣ۵ȴ
ﻹ֪ϵЩȾ˶ڵȣʵʵվǰ׮

ҡ
ҡҡͷ
̫á
кβң
룬ָָĿյء
ӣڵ𣿡
ۡ
ˣֻһѴӸڽӡ
һ죬СڻС
һ
ˡ˴Сա
һ¡
νڱϣ
е̼
ĲҶ
§һֻ˿ڴ˴۵Ӻһ°ʹļϣۼ¡
˯ɵ˰ŷӦʵ
е㣬е֡
ˮ֮𣬱һֱЩֵֹġ
סдŵĻ֣̿ɬʡ
ӣˮ󣬲֪
ȡ
Ļ
һж粼õľ֡
Щ̿ҲãҲա
ֻĴöδ֪
ƻеһʧѾû˰ա
һһҹȥˣ˭ҵһжǲ
á
ȫƿ֮£ôȤ
鷴Ȥˡ
ȫ˷ѡ
ҫţèƵû˹ͷ
ЩӲűҶʱţҲ˼米ۡ
ԺУ˲ݶű
˯ۡ
ߣǱϾĵ
£˭
лҪ˵Ҳǲʲô
ࣺҲ
ѽ

 15 

˭
ʾ֪Ҳ£ȥߺ˵ı
һЩĴ̿ͣһ˲һ޴ıⲻӵ
˯ΪʲôҪôĴ̼
ͷûУָ߬䣬ʮ䡣
ǡ˭
ũԺŲǱһľһƽǽ˶ֵˣ˭һţϸ߿ˡ
ǰ滰䣬ľͷžͱƿˡ
ս۾
ǻͿһˣ
٣𷣣
ϥǹصͳһһۣȴһӰˡ
̫ˣǱˣл·
ѣعͷ˽һĵ档
һͷϵ̴ˢˢͷ޲ðԴλã˾ǵϵһ
ĻУżⶼûаŵء
ĿЬʸûС
̴Ƕͷջߣѻ˵ͷԼ
ڰˣ
һĻжˣüһ䣬
ˣƮƮ˸ȡ
ǣǣ  
յһɧң״ԭеİš
ǽʷ£öȫͶӡÿ죬ס˾档
ӿɲǸС£˲źһһѰҴںк˴̣ɥˮ
ǷֳһСӣֻˡɽˮѰ˽ʱڹ򲻸ˣҵˡ
˻Ǹܳ谮С檡
С֪໳ǹⶼû
̬û׼ʱ䣬ƥǣǰ̴
һ棬Ѿǣ
ͷͷǰȥ
ѡ
ƥˣšУҲȲ밡
ĸ߶ȣŬ̧ȣڱֲˤӵ£ôҲġ
̴ҲһԷֻΧ࣬
վǶû룬ֿ
ɨ̾һסһᣬ˷Լǰ
ĻУȻһ㶣΢΢̽ͷ
Ӿϣ˺öö࣡
ԭָо
̧ͷСɣͬ߶ϣͷҲֻܵ˵°͡
˵Ȧ䡣
һסҪ㿪û㿪
ֱȦ࣬Щ֡Щš
һִȤ
ȥҲãҲգʸС

סεķ֣ܲǴ
Ǳˣתһȹȥ뷨ӺúóεͽӡǣˣǱ
ϣȻܻ¶ĵʱĿɻָлȥ
ϻ̳Ͽ֣Ʒ
ãҲ֪棬ھƲûиϾʱ䡣ɿ̶ֻסǣƥ
Сׯܿ챻
ѾǺƫԶĵضΣ뿪ׯǵ·Ұ⣬ֻһҰݵ·ĵ·Ͽһˡ
ϣӲķۡ
ˣĻпûˣҲҰ
ôռȥ˴󲿷ֻ֣ܰһ㣬úܲܿһ㣬
úܣץҪȥԼںߵĳ嶯

ͷ˵ʵ
ֻ̧ܿ˵򢡣
ϸϸء

ûһ֧ŵ㣬ѾӲá

§һ˱Ȼһ˲ٴʱѾӱ˲
ֱ۽˵š
˳֫ϵ˿ڣܲС
֧ŵ㣬Ҳ˿ڡ
һӾһ
ڡǨ
Ǩͣ
Ǩ
Ŭ̧ͷ
Ƕ⣬ֻܶ˵߷
ɧ
Ҫ̧֣һߵıԵ᲻һ|Ƥߵ˺ڣ
ԣ
ģ
оԵŻɣǨˣǸٵģ
Ȼôܻ
ûǸͷƤĸоĴʣ
ﲻܾô
ޱĸжֻпҪŵͷ˿
쵽磬յͷ·һڵûУ̴ʾܲһڵ̡
СｩӲ
ͬ
·һϡСӶҰĸϸһһŲȥг
һأȹߵĶ档
£̧ȷ硣
̴ѾֽһʯͷһºǵˮģǴӵġûʲôõϵĵط
Ƴһۣջߡ

ʯϵ˳˹ָ
Ͻߵ߶ǰ
֪λҪæȣǴȰ磿
ӣ
ǰߵǰȻ
еˮѾšˣݸ
ϡͿӹˮһְֽ̣ŵĸҲУȻ̧°͡

Щи𾪵뷨
ò˶ˣİɣ
뵽Ͻҡͷ
ԡôܾűͳ˵뷨һأ϶б⣡
࣬ҵһʵĿܡ
ȹǰָֽһСܽظ⣬ݵĴߡ
ӣ롣
ͨ졣
ιʳ£֮ûˣ
ôһ˲Ĵ㵣ζֺ˼֣Ȼʮֵͷܽظҧ¡
ͷΪǶȹϵǱ۵ĸоĴܽظ⣬һʮְ񵭡
һۣƿߡ
Ǳع£³ٺÿҲ㹴|˵СҪˣһôһ㣬ССһɫҪ
ޱȵ߳ܣź˸㣬ˮȻԱ൭Ըһ䡣
ʣµģ԰ɡ
˳ʣʳ
ʵҲʣԵú٣ʣ
ĶˣõʹͣԹһԱˣȺˣʰ˲
ӣȥϴϴֶ̯֣֡ǸĲ
ֺܸɾͷβָʳûմһ˿
˿϶ҪϴֻΣҪɣȥԱߵĺˮһˮԼĺϣԼѡ
ס
·ľ룬ܾűи߶
Ǳɡ
о֮ǰ˲ֹһ㡣
һӻˡ
С·ȹںˮߡ
ˮ
¶ķɡ
ˮֽ£Լ׶ͷģͼԼһ㡣
˺öֵͷЩͷһ㶼ʺϷڱϣһҪһ㣬ó˵ķʽȥⱩˡ
ϵˮ飬һҪòһʱˡǰһڡ
һŴŨҴ̱ζסǿڡ
ץˣ
ǰһֻ̣ôһ䡣
лҪ˵һǼٵġ
ࣺһǻġ
~ǻѽ~


 16 

Сʱֻѧã岻ʱʹЩǴϲЩģֻҪˣ׼Ҫ߸ȻֺһٰֵѧŴÿضѻ˵Ů
ҲȷֻǸЩдĶģҪٿӦʱѾˡ
ϲģĪڽĻ˵鷸֮ͽһŽ|ҩӣԵ˭Ե˭
ѹʱипԭĸ˵ģĶƭ˵ġһŽ|ҩӣˡ
ȥӱϴֵʱ򣬻ģҧŵõӣͷƺǱ˿ڼϣһ·У۾ﶼҪðǣֻǿŬ̧ͷۣ̫ѾҪб
ͷʹ
ҷһ
ڱ°ˣȻǱĵˡˣȻǼճ
һˣôɱ°ˣҪǸҷһ²ҪֱĨ˲ӡ
ԣֻڱôܲġ
ʶʱһ㣬ҧŵӵˣһŴСҧýأż̧ͷһۣεöıĺۼ
ĬĬûһʹرۡ
ʲôǲס
ˣ棬ȥ·ǲסԺѵҪһƯ˵Ĺ»Ұ
ʱһ㡣
ϴҵˣ
һ·ʮ㡣翸һŮһʱ·ӣͰȰȰȡ
ۡ
֣ʪѹѹģⶼ棬ľɭ
ܷɱ||ʬֳ
ɱ||ʬֳмˡŹġųģɫ棬һˡ
ЩڷûеóѵĴ̿Ͱɡ
벻ͨɱʹɱΪʲôһС
ʳ⻰
Ѿͷô£
һб˺µݸˣǶųڵϵСóĵʴ˴۵˻˿ѹװԡ
ϱȡĹԶŪһСѾͷƺҲܲ⣬ǳջ𣬡ѵǱŮвǸûĵˣ
ĬĬ͡
ǱŮ˵ҲǱ檣ŮˡǣҪвԷƱʵǣ޷󱩾Ϊա
Զɱˣʴȣ˰ɱˣҲһɵģźɡ
ǣϴ³򰡣ǱŮˣ
Ǹ׳˸Ͻ͡
һȥһҹòҵһۼǸúܣߺüΧţܿѾͷ˵ţֶܲУôҲҪ˸ʲôɡ
֮ǰҲõϢ˵ǱߴһŮ˵С檣谮мӣĶţʱʱ̶̿ߡ֮ǰӶûУݵµŮˣ϶һ㡣
檣Ȼϲģϴ밡Ů˯þˣҪǴ˸Ҳ˵Ǳ㲻ŮˣҪ޶ɣ
׳˻ͦմմϲƻܡ
Ⱥ˵ƤЦⲻЦó
ûͦడ
޿̣ݸߵЩꡣ
ץǳȥһսŪֵĻỹһ㣡СŮ˻ܸǸ߻Ǹڱ˭֪ܻ죬һ֮˻㻹Ҫҿ𣡡
쳤ĺϡ
˾ͱװۣ
۵ỨӲȥ˲ۡ
ǸߣŲߡ
۾Щ¡𱩾ΣգһͷǣӣʱΪԵǡ
ûһôӦ졣
ú񲻶ԣֻ˸ƺӢۡ
Ӣۣ˵ûҺôӸΪһġҾһ塣
ŬԼԵøϿһЩʵҲŬǲΪյġһ壬һ塣
ְԼϸ˦ֱաŭԡ
Ůˣ㣬ҲһԹûУ
ƺðһССͷǸͷûгͣͱԼɢˡ
ȻϵӢۣǴСڣֿп޵СôϡСôĸء
ûԹҲԹ
ֻڴˣŻΪڴնʧԹô
ԣûԹ  
ӴǸСѾͷҿ㳤úܺÿҲϸƤġҲͦùģײɵֵˡС˵ûȷǸ壬Ҫûá
ĺ˵
ϣ۾˼֡
ǣܷŹʲôֻ֪߾ˣ
Ŷϣ񣬺ڲ£ǹ𣬡С
Уľսؿݸߵóڵһӳ
ǸӣСպȥһôŮ
ĺµ޶޲
Ӣۡ
С˿ӣЦеأ㳤úܺÿҲ᲻þôɱ㡣㿴˲㣬ҪѧԾȲС
ҸһԾȵѡ㿴ǹҵأҰȥأ
һ£߶ڳӣо˺þãȻҧأͷ
鷳鷳ҵʱ
Ҳȥ˵檡
檣常ԸַϣܶԲˡҪȥ˵檣Ը˯һg
ǣǺǡ˼ǸҪ˵檶Ը⣬ԸΪ˻ҵ檡
Ҳϣվγ
㳤Ǻܺÿνÿ˶ǣɱ㣬еϧСǵΪе
вûб
һѹɤֱֵۣӡ
СƮƮģȻֱõ˦С
һ󣬱һʲôϾҪˣ
Լܶû뵽ԼȻǻ񣡻Ǻͱ޹ϵ
ӵأһ㡣
һҪһͨСԶΣ
һ
ۣס
常ˡ
ڶͷһ
ǸˣĲҪˣܵġĵɡ
ãҲûе
棬
Ŭ˼۾Χɾ˫ȺòԴðӱߡ
УȺѾŹƴɱ
һˣȻǴʮ̴ӣ
ǰñȷֱıЩ̴ӣ׷ˣ
ɷĸֳһ׾ٽǰѪգ˫ĺڵбѲء
ˣ
ģȻ
Ȼˣ
һֲȰ˵ԼȻܵĿܣ
һӣŬѹеίð˳һ죬ͽʪۿ
ӡ
˫ֱţнţ֪Ķ֧Ӳӿ˳ˡ
žžવأ˰ܣв㱻ûޣǱһӾ̲סˡ
Σպ㵽èеèȫˡ
һѵɱսͥŲ۵谭һ·ͨߵǰ
̧ͷ졣
ӡ
ûѪ֣ĺ죬Ȼ󣬰һӻ
ڿӵˤ߻صոշʲô
жڶ̶һˡ

ʲô˼ѵ˵Լˣֻ
ޱȵıӿͷ
ԣģ
ֻǡֻ׷ɱЩ
ѹӡǶԵģһ˲䣬ȻЩܽʵ
ʲôΪʲôţġ
ΪʲôȻеѹ
һѵվǳǳĿӱߣŵıǴ߱ߵС
ĵѪЦ⼸ֱ
ҵˣֻҲɱ
ɱҲ䣿
ĵƮƮҽͷ
лҪ˵ˣռǿˡ
ǻ~

 17 

ϦǱȸĺڵĵӰѪɫ֯ײĲԼҹĺ䡣
ͷһе춼޹ء
˫֣ǳǳȫһУһѪ˿
ĴƽҲų
бڣǰȫġ
ôһ룬һء
Ȼǰһڡ
*
ٴ۵ʱʮң̧ͷԷдϵʡ
Ѿ߿ۣȵĲˮ£һ¡
ö˶˴ȥ̤࣬˲ŻųȥŻ
㶼֪㱻ӱʱһΪûˣŶˣ
Ѿؿڣһ̿֡
Ѿߵķ´С£͵һŤͷ

ԵĹУȻôҪҲԼܱġ죬øѾͷǲˡ
ȻԶ֣
ɲǣ
Ѿᵽ۾һ
СĽһֱںǶү˳ȥӣ˵ǳӺ͹ˣСľȥӹﵱʱУְѹﱧ˳Ȼ˸һ·Ӻűġ
ӲԸñմСľԱߣûв֡
һһ㶡
˲Щ֪롣
⣬ǲǱʴˣ
Ȼֱ
룬Ĳ롣
һǳӷԸүȥҸҽŮˡӶԹָƣСҪչ˺ù
Ѿ۶ϲӶԹãſˡһγȥسӺɡֻǲ֪ЩˡܲǳŪðɣ˵˵ֲȷˡ
ָơ෢
Ϲ£ˣ͹ûйϵ
Ѿ߼һһӣϽر⣬赭д⡣
ƶ˵ô𡭡˯˶ã
ˣѾ߱˻⣬ʵʵȻһ£ջʱյ˵˿ڼˮմ࣬񻯣¹ˣҩ죬ա
Ҳ𶯣ϵ˶ҩأ߿ԣܳȥ
˯죬˯ˡҲ˵һˣ߼۵죬Ƿصʵʵˡ
ѾǸŵģػش˲£ιҩʱ˳㽫Щ˵Ȩƶ
̤ĵ죬ݶסز˵Ҫȥʲôҽߵϣһɽ𣬸棬˸
Ǵɽֻ̫˰ɽͷٸ˺òʱ˻ƣ˹ٱפǱߣ˶ҪƵ
Źã·ĵطԶǳ²Ҫˡ
Ųᡣٸˣͱ϶ϵģȥΣյĵطűȫ
ҽأ
ص㶼
Ŷҽ˵Ҳˣٸ˽ߣưˡ
ǽʷ԰ŵء
⣬Ȼ뵽ʷˣ
Ѿƺǲ֪Ϯ飬ֻ⣬Щƶ
ʷûˣֻҳҵüܽǹȣү˵Ҳסҩء
֡
һŮ죬ûʲôϵŮ춼û߰졣
⼸գʳ˲١ÿˮˮػ߰춼ûһظġ
ţôԵĻܼ¡
ҽŮˣȷˣڶ죬ǰԺʹȥԺһˡ
룬վӣȻԼա
Լִˡ
ԼĴڼ󣬱ʵˡ
ʱûڱź̤żʱлЩʡ
ǸͻȥĴ鳤£һ೤ڽŵͼƽ˿˸Ǹ߸ϱ䲻ÿĵĮ
¯һֳ̻ʣ̧˽Сһۡ
ȻĬˣ±Լ򢣬͸¶һֵĲ⡣
ˣ
ӭ汬ͷһ
Ŷӡ
⼸ˣƺԵö࣬Щ
ʮ壬ǳ䣬ٶ˵㣬ҲҲôɡ
´ĿͣȻŲ
£СѾͷ°͡
ǰݸֽʡ
ʲôд
ӹʣСʣһգңұ°֮飿
ס
ʵʵд
ֻںǸԻĹУ΢Ϳʡ
Լûڴģĳڴ
ԹʲôģȻǲңĴӶԻɾȥ
īɣʱǰһĿʮУ֪Ⱥ˿ǰ©ۼץסѱƫĿⱻָˡ
ڴȡĻشնǹһҡ
һ
ǾܾԼĻᣬҲԸΪ檡
൯˵īɵֽţŴǡ
Сͦĵأ۰ͰվǶˣһЦ
ġ
ɵѾͷ˰Է˭ŪףˣϡͿģдӡģȻЩϸ֦ĩڵĶԻﻰ⣬ȫǵ
һˣ֪ôȥ
˴°ߣǶҵ
ֽƽƽ˵
ҴˣӣԲ𡣡һ⻰ͷ­ʵʵϴ
Ҫ𣿡
һ䣬ҪĻû˵ڣСԼ˻
ජ
ͷ
˵ô
šüͷ
ǿԼѡ
ıܺ˵
ϣ
ǣһŶ
СϸС֣۲ͷӵ˵
лҪ˵ͷۣһ
~~

 18 

ЩţСԺ⣬Сһӡ
׳Ҳᣬ·Сˣǵڱ̴
ȴͷ˵Ǹź
ʼԥ룬ǲǱġ
ϾǰЩӣˣְҲֻǡһ¡
أЩЦ˼С
ܾԼڱǰĴ֮һǰ̫̫ˡ˱ֶҼ롣
ҡ
Щӣ鷿źֻÿջȥƺõΡ
˴£ϵ˻ˡ
ȥ鷿ȱƣûţӳӹһֱС
æҽסһһ
ӣ
ЩɻϷ⣬ǽʷ
պȥʷ硣
һ
ηӦ죬һѽס
ȴһԿס
˴ȥԺԼȥѡ
ԿףЩ˵ʲôֲ˵
ǰԵס˼Ҽ˼ҵԿ׶

չȵԼűϴθȵЦ֣ȥԺĶԺ
˵ǶԺԿ׿ţĲòס˵ģǷЩ֪࣬ҪеĹȫǴ򿪵ġ
һÿλãЦ꿴
Щǰʱ䣬ʱ򣬹Ըġұȹ곤꣬ţѡ˲廨˼ѣƿɻпϵġ
һ䷿ӣڷżӺͼӣŵģܿɫƸĲͬȹ
գգۡ
ɶûмֶ׳ѡĳ档
ĸ˵СŮҲѡ˸һ㶼úר
ԼôȹѡĻɲѽ
۾ġ
˵ǹӷԸģЩ΢졣
⡢ؾС檴˰ɡ
ɲܹº͵̬ȣϯɲܸ
뷨ѡһȹȹմ粻ͬʡ
޼ŸҡЩ
ϣ룬ҳһĹУϡ
ϲϸģ
ţĴģǾͣǾ΢Ǩһϲðɡ
*
պһ
񣬸£еĲͷŻСϣ䣬ްѱ档
ôϵ϶ˣ
С֫ϸǰЩ˵֣ĵط΢Щ֫ȻϸɡȹɫȹͷŻ꣬֫ϸһȦһɫĹУȹϡ
һ̧۾ֻ˳ſ
ɲ̫С
͡͡ÿ
ԴָŹС
Ų˵Ϊֺ
ĬƬ̡
⿪
˵ǲݾܾϡ
͵̧ͷ
ˣΪʲôҪ⿪У
ֻϵŵһУŮӼҼϵΣô⿪
⿪ĹУ͵½к
Ҫ
һΣ˵С
ܾɲˣʱʱ̧СľԷ᲻
ƺ̡
Ȼ
ֱ䣬סеһһק

Ӧһ̣Ǹ˲⿪ϡ
ϸϸһ˵İ棬˲
ҧ´Ҫ˵ߣѹҡֻίίǸУ
ʷ磬Ĳֻ࣬ΨͣţرյĴʷ࿪ʷǰӭ
ʷ°̨ףһ֡
лԡ
ʷ֣ǰ߹ʱһɫĹΡ
ʷźۼ۾
ˣ
ͨ죬ͷظʷ±ʣŲҴҡ
ʷܴĵطǰԺıʹѾϯ
ǻԣұǼɽˮʯС·ʹӴ
пͺŮͷŮڻԵһࡣ
Ĺĸűߵһ룬ͱѾ뵽һˡ
һ·ζŨ
ŮߵĲñ֮пʹҪϸ֡ϯ֮ȤζĶǸŮ죬ʷһһʺ̸Цϯ䡣
ѾʱʮĴʷЦݽ˽Ȼǰܡ
ɣǸ־ˣЩ
ʷЦЦһαЩֵֹġ
Ů͵ϯšλǴʷˣҲ൥һλãһͲĹλ˷ķǡ
˳ŴʷָλãŮߣС·Ľ䡣
ǶҺͶ棬ű꣬еŮӡ
ҲķŮ̧
ǳӵ檣й˵檣Ȼǲһﳤÿ
˵˻֪ҺͶģ檡
ǰ˷ģŶЩģͷӡ
ŲС󴽡
бͦáеûš
ʷҲĹڸǱݲգԶ壬ֻҲǸŮੲݣ˵ǽ˵ֶŮ͵ˣһֱƳͣλǰס
ĦŲ롣
ʵδʱ常Ҳ˵ǺѡЩ࿴һɾ

ɾûˡҲͷӡ
ǰķ˵Цֻķһֱǰķ˵Ǹ檰䡣檣Χȹҡ
ŰԣпѾƱյ̧ͷƼλʷڲžƱš
졣
ϲֳϡ
ǰ治֪˵ЦЩʲôȻǷŮ
з˽㣡
̧ȥͽúܽһ˵ȷڿߣ˲ϲ
Ƿ̧
Ҽҵ檽ûȥ̡
ϯ˵ЦȻֹ
Ų룬㵵ۡ
ȥ̣Ѿʹλ˺ʧ
ɲȥȥˣ͸ˣ
ֻ벻ʲôܾĻǺ
һ࣬λһֱߣСﶼܾĻ˵᲻ط¾Ʊ
ʷҼҰ檳㲻ϲ̣˸棬źɡ
ϯ׾
һŴ㵵ȵˢˢϡ
ˣǿװֻа಻ס

˴һţʷ֣лʹͣӶúź
ȴһʶƴǣжźɺã
̧зѾľ̿֡
͡
䡣
лҪ˵һ㱻ţһŶ
ǻ~

 19 

ʷ˽Ӳع࣬޳ʱʷϯŵĵز
żɨ̵ĽʱǸ⡣
СŮҲֻС꣬˵̶ͣ㹻ˡȴΪһ仰ôʷˣֻһ檡
Ҿܾ
Ǳһ֮檱ˣһġ˼źǽ˵컯ڵзˣź˵涼ûС
̵Ľ˵л׽۵⣬Ʈзˡ
վš
ǲ֪룬ֵشˣԼпǱߡ
ӵϯ棬д̲ס˾Ʊǰ
Ҳ֪ҼСŮǰݼӣúõĹţһ𣬲ಡࡣҲ뵽СŮʶŽСԴʲôܵģӿǿСŮϣĹͿ˵Ӱɡ
һ˵ĳϿҡϯ̫⻰ҲƮС
ģһĹһõĹԭиġ
зԭΪ
¿ӣԽ˵ˣҪźˣɡ
ոֻ˵뽪̣Ѿȫ˴̣ý뿪ˡ
˼ôʷˣĵ͸ȥʹ㱩һ֮Ҳ½ʷġ
ţǸ檣Ҳһĺ檡
˿Դмл
̣յģһ̣һ֣Щ뿪֮á
뿪ǱеĻҲõ˴𰸡
λıֻתžƱĴһƣǼֱ
еĻûаֻӦ
йվǰѾһ㺹
һʱס
ջߡѾʲôС檵Ϸ룬ĳӣ˵ʲôȥġ
ụ̂һ˵ˡϲԡ
ǣȥġҴ¡Իͷĳ㡣
ţǰӰƤϡһ̣зϥ
ո״˹￴ǿŮϣԭҰɣ
зʱһİûں߷ߡոģȻˡ
ҧſӣʶȥࡣ
˶žƱڿȴĿԵͬʱƿߡ
ƿߣ
һߵߣÿˣ
ˡ
⣬ѵҪԼ
ǣзˣĳӣطٵŮ찡
ҧ´ײϰһ곤ķǰϥټǸ֪ûкԼйԥ¡
𡣡
з˵Ļֱ
зˣһʮС檸ǰͷǸԼƤϲȡԼһʱ죬ȴԼ޵ݡ
檶Ҹ˵ˣ˵ҲǸλãֶŮ岻ѾȥϢȥɲȥ˼ҵƣлˡ
һϯ⣬˶Եʮּѡ
ϯҪ£Ȼȥ
뿪ʷʱһμʶʲô¡
ԽΪ׵һͷǴӵһǴСĵЦ˳Ļֺ
һ˽ʷͣ죬ŷ춼Ժӡ
ﰲйǾġ
֣̾˿±ʣá
ȥԺɡ
󣬽һױƺУ˵ͨݸ޵ģ֮ǰûܼЩźⲹױ
ױ֪ûг޵ҲͽûֹϵֻǸͷˡ
Ӷҽӣȥࡣ
ӣսʷ񵥣˵Ǹҵġ˾䣬ŶǺܹصģôźã
бʣ˴δɵī̧ͷӹ񵥣ȴ͸ʲô
ȥˣϸϸأױ
ɨһۣЩĽ鱦һЩϡ
ǳѪ
񵥣Ϲ˼ʡ
ױʲôױ
˺ϾСĻش
߬ȹ
ӶЩɫ
ױױŮǰգŮױƺ޵ġ
治ǹϷŪ
ױױǡûϸͣͺţŮСŮ
ˣ˱ŽΣѹ֪ƭҡ
һ£ŻŴ࣬ѸٸĿڣŮ¼ױƺޣ
˵꣬ۿҲЩ΢졣
֪ôߵģһױǸͷһʲôʽûУ಼ͽˣʲô磬ױЩ
ⱲӶûС
Ҳûл֮գʱǶô֡
ʲôûˣڻҪһͷ
ྲСö˶˵ģȻˡҪ޲޵ģ۸
񵥻ֻǷԸ¶١
ǸТģֻš
ƶǶ
ȻȻˡ
Ҳ常Ҵ£ой֮ʱԸ壬дѹǮợʷҪֺñα÷ͷ
˵˵ʲôֵÿޱӵġԸ꣬ƽƽЩʲôױҲ֪˭
Ҫױؾ
ʱٿ޸ҿ
лҪ˵Ҳޣ
ࣺޡ
~ѽ~

 20 

⼸ط֣ƺæµࡣʷҲƵµգմвͬ
ЩӣҲȥţֻԼԺһС¡
ģͨݸŽȵʱһ乵ġ
·Ǻܶ࣬ǣȱһЩġ
˼ᣬֻԼϸĳȹᱡС¡
лʲôʱܾڴµСϣߣůķ磬ϸϸڲơ
㣡ˣ
ŵѾ߼Ҵܽ뾪ϲ
ҧߣ̧
˫˸տżһΣڶ̤ס
ϽеСУѹ˿
ЩѾ˹
ȣϵɫѾǳֵĿɫ
λø
ôء
նȥ鷿źʱҲźˣмû档õȻķ䡣
м£ҾҪȽϺá
θߴרŸСݲƬ̾Ϸſȡһ˿
ʲôôҪҪһˣ
ۿŵĶᵽɤˣĿת֣˿·
ʮ죬ǻؾ
·СĶȤ˿һͣһ߿ţһ˵
ؾ
۾һ
ԭĴһؾ
̫ˣܸؾֱʷһ
ڴ֮ǰ˿Żؿͷ˷ܵĻɢϢС
벻ؼһˣ
ͨݸкü·̣ʮߣ
١һߣֻ¶ڲܻؼˣǻȥʱ䡭Ϊѡ
չ㸮˲Զƺԥ
˵Ļһӵ֪ԼڱﲻˣǶһչ㸮СŮݵˣ
Ⱕ
Щţ۾ҿͷ֧֧ᡣ
ҡŮǻȥĻţĸܲϲ
ôҡȥ
չ㸮ֵ֪ĻֻһϽ˱ϵ˵ʲôˣȻߵʡֻҪ΢˽һͲ
ھʹ˰ؾ֮ǰһ˼ңȥѾǱˣôܽܣ
ûãֻһССŮ仰УЩŮСڴµĹ˳ȣԼһ˵
ĸϲͲ
ʻ
ȴˣ˰죬ҲһʵĻش
š⣬һˣ
ŶˡС֧֧˵壬ЩϷʣѾûˡ
̧ͷ
ǲĿƺûж⡣
Ѿչ㸮Сټҵϵֻ˳Ļ
ǵġ
⻰ƺ˹ǡ
ţȻˣ㲻ȥҲաдһŸ˴ȥɡ
Ȼ뵽ͨݸҲֻǰдһѾߴⶼˣҪűؾҪĸ֪ҪĲźá
ǣ
Ӧúܸɴࡣ
ת
ϣһССĲϡ
ᱡ͸ָϸ壬ɫǳֻһ㣬ĵλãһܽػ
ڵһºˡ
е󣬲ʺ㡣
൲棬ССĲϵ˵ԼУҸúʡ
ʣûôǺȻıӵƵģжᡣ
ֻһ̧֣СС͹ˡ
ú˵ʲô֣üСļ
ú˵ˣӶߵͨ죬һˮ⣬ҧŴƴȥ˵֡
߱͸ߴ˵ǰĿɰŽϱģָⶼ֡
㻹ѽ鼱֮£˲ƽԱĽأһֻץӣŬȥץ
̧Ÿ첲ϾҪըëС
ѵãöʧǡ
һӣ𣿡
ҧ˴
һȻǲڣǣС£
ŮĶôţ
ˣ
ƫ˵ֻܿԼŬȥ
һˮţСＱöҪ
ˣԼűһ̧֣˳ֱۻ䣬¶ϸСۡ
սСۣ׵Ĵۡ
ġ
סգ˶˹Ϻӣ˵ġ
ûĺϣɾˬ㡣
һʧ񣬵ſհסѸٴͳǲϣֲ
һǿ黹δȫ͵Ĳϣضࡣ
һգָ⣬̧
ˣĶᵽɤۣСĵ

Բܸܸ
Сķ̫ˣ౾ûʲô뷨һӶѡôţˡ
󷽷С֣һ̯

ҡͷʮ־ǿ
ԾԲģ
һӣ˭
಻ͷ˹ָ
ҡҡͷСС˺
˭
֮Լ֮⣬ܸ˭
һӡ΢΢üû˵꣬С̲סˣǺ󺰣ӣҵС£С£
һľĬ
̧ڵϡ
ҪӵڸȥԶ
ôôˣ
߷ɿϵĲȻڴС߹
û˵̫ˡ΢ܰסñеġ
ͲԺ󣬻Ҫҡ
˿ʱͷζ
ڵһ£˶ߺˡ
ŲᣡС߷ߡ
붼밡
лҪ˵˵Ұ
ࣺ(x;)
~
Ƕѽ

 21 

ûˡ
ţԼǰӴ࣬ڱǰ۾ǣԼСһڷﲻҳš
գͻȥедˡ
뿪ͨݸѾ£Ǵ븮ʱ˵ûҰЩ˽дȥŵĸ㣬ֻ赭д˵ã˵𱩾
ԥ֣ʡ
һдҳѾûˣ˳ȥ
һʱųİͷ
ජǷϵĻᡣ
źͨȴôͨ
˺ŷ⡣
ҳֽЩġ
һЩͲһˡ
޷
һֶŲ裬һֶֽ
һҳ
߶߶Щ븮¡Ǹһҵĺӣ¼˵ģȫ̱ϲǡ
˿ڲ裬
ڶҳᵽˡ
΢΢ֱ΢˵Ȥ
УСĽƺųӣ˵
ĸֳģºͣʮ㡣СзʱҲƽϡƽ࣬˲ˮ֮¶ٶ֣ݰ
üô¡
ҹĵƣǰżȻجΣӵ֪Ǳҹշ
һ෭ȥ˼顣ǰʱһϣѸٻǵ˽ػǷţ׼˽ʱ
գҪҪɱġЩˣֻδᣬҵҵ˸ѻȥǶĺܺá
Ħֽļ¿
°Ȥȴšˣȸ󣬴⬵ȿ˶飬ʮֿĩʱ̤ࡣͨݸɫˣܰڹ࣬ʵϲ
ǰСʮģշմѯϲʤ
ǧãģĸֳ梷ġ
ජһҳֽϸϸ˰졣
ǻЩ䣬еݣҪ
ʵĸܽȻͬ
֮˵ǣֱӻ°ɡ
ѵ˵У֮Ȼദģ
һֱչСϲ
˼
һҳ߶߶Լ˵Ķĸ׶Ϣע壬ֲҪ̫ͣԺչ˺Լ
һ䣬Ҫųӻؾˡ
Ȼ󡭡
ජһ仰á
븸ĸֳģӶ԰ܺãԺŬոӴ߷ģ
죬ֽЦ
á
ں񻹲ԵǷ
ǾͶٺһˡ
߷硭
͵ˡ
*
ϣѾŮŮ丸ĸֻ֪ǰСţҡ
ϯϣݽһֽ
šڰ齣ӹۣЩ
ܵϣʱţЩܲ鵽ģֻһЩ
˵ŮУͬ裬Ժź֪лһλ
δʶ
෭ֽ
Щǹĸݡ
ϺүҰĲСү̱α̫иĿ
ļˡ
Ѿͷ
˻Ǯ
̾
˹ǰŮ̽ӣϣǴ˻ؾ
ۣ۵һƬ
ҵˡ
һҭǣġ
Եϣ͵Ǿҵġֻҡ
̽ҲãʲôҲգ޷
ˣģ˭Ҳߡ
ҵ˸ߣкβף
졣
ʩʩȻֽŵһ࣬˵䡣
ϣôȣҪȥ
Ŷ
ȥҵˡ
*
Ҫȥǣû漰ĵطһӵһγԶţҪʲô
ͨݸǰǣʮ·̣ѻƵҪϵĿ϶ࡣ
·Σȫ׼ģñȣҲǡȥ֮ŷ֣Ҳʱһġ
һЩ򵥵̫˵СŮܴĶضˣø˻ɣֻװ˼ôա
ҪϱҸģװ¡
һŤͷЦ˿ƥС˻ѶԺ̧
һʮĲ෿
ڳЩô죬Ѿ˵ˡ
֪ԺӣֻŽŵأֳʲô¶ææʰܳûȣͿ󼸸Сˣ̧ԺС
൹ڣݣİһ̧̧°͡
ؼһԵԲȣǶı
СǵȵķȴҲ˶٣ƮƮģ䵽ϣèץƵ
౻ȵһ衣
ӣ⼸ǡʵС
͸ġǽ鱦ŮûǮôС
ޱ𾪣иӣӡá
²豭̧
ö˭áο⻹á
еǸ˵ԶԶ㡣
Բۡ
죬Ϊֻܻһ仰
빫ӷģңҲԹӺõģ
ྲСһ档
һء
˵˵һʲô
Сҵת죬һ䣬ദ̫٣ǲˡ
Ǿ˵ЩСʱ¶
ùԲȣ˹
ʱ䣬Ȥ¡
޷ֻѾ߰˸Сʶڰԣ˵ԼСʱȤ˵
СʱҼãԽʶĶ֣Сݣ밢һͥ档
ţ϶ȷá
ӡ
ĸҹأġ
ʣộôϣ
䣺ÿʱĩĸ̵յĲԣָոôоֹһһΪұȰҵʳǰĸԸ˳Ӳͬʳҵ·ҲǰĸѡЩϷĹ
̧˵䣬С϶Цݣ۾أ޽ٵĿ֡
൥ֳŶͷ棬ø档
û۵Ĵô󣬻ˡ
ˡ
ԺңĶҲȥ
㵡
Ϊʲô
࿴Сӣһʱȥ
ΪǸС
ߣ类۸ˡ
ãҪؾ
ؾڣ˸
лҪ˵ţԵǿ°
ؾǰҪͼ~
ǻѽ

 22 

ͨݸǰǣм·ʮ졣
Լ˸ĥʱķʽһ鱦鱦Ľ񴥸кܺãȵմһ˿ˬײ
ජ졣СϴɾĽʯһ׸׵ģ˵Ѿʮ꼰ǵŮСŮ˼
ֱӰﵽԼ
׼ƥͷݻ߿߳߳齣Сб衣
˱㷡ô
Ӱȡһ飬Ӹ

ӹ飬Ŀ΢΢һ
ȴһ֮ͯʱɵġǧġ
ȵĲ·ĵϪˮԹڲ棬Ȿո»īζ顣
ƣġ
飬һһҧֻϷЩŴĿԵЩ
һţһС
֡
Ȼǧġ
˵ֳŶͷָĽСûã۽ϡ
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飬۽һֱڶˡ
ﻹѹһСţľ򷽡
Ե졭ţֻʣһ
˯ˡ
˵ֳŶͷۺƽ
ҲŰ
Ǹ˿һ۶źɷˣ֮󣬾Ȼһ˿һ۶źĸо
סա
룬ƾȡʤĻǵ֮Ĺ
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ǧġֳͯ£ֱ롣
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еȤ
Ȼһֻץס

ûֻۣԸ
û˯ţ֪ˣô߳˯š
ֹ˼Դǰ
ԹԼ顣
ŮŴ޹Ĵʡ
Ȼͷۡ
ౣץĶƬ̵
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һʻ뾩ǳţǳˮСнŷػأһǸ˼ҵۡ
̫̫ǣͷ͵طϵĲһ̫̫ϾǾˡ
ŶӱҪ𣡡
ƿһѾۼֿñֻƿһǰĴɴԼԼų档
ͷܶϱˣټľǳš
֡
ࡣ
ſһ·
ǵһкĲͬ¥ᣬļܲпɹĿ·̷ֻģһ˵žǵķ
һ·ҡΣţܹнһʱͣ
֮ͣҪƿס
ﻹ԰ꡣ
ȥ
ãȻãƺ˶˻˸λãȻٴת
ǹһӣĳƿһװֵ߬˷ʻַ˼ߡ
ȫ̧̲ͷָƲĸָ̧ߡ
Ӻ
һ޹ƫ
ͷñؾصϣñأܿ˼ȹŮӷֱվڼ
⣬Ѿˡ
Ȼôˡ
ʮֲ̤ʵûмģǺްȫС
һȫİĵط˶ôĮеССĺ¡
յƫǾ˾ӵЩùζ˺ҷſ
ȶˡǼŮ˿Ѿ߶ûҶһ¡
վһŮӺۿ絶Ƶġ
״ʵʵãֻ͵͵һԼĽ
ǹȥ˺ܾá
·Ѿһ
Ӷճո״ɵøʶѡ
ƫտҴ󣬳һ⣬á
ԶԶأĽŲˢˢ¹
̧ѵš
˿żƹ
̶ֱһʱȻģ
ɫڣ޽Ƿ˿ȫᣬüɷ
ԶԶģľս
ǼŮѾϢȥַأ֡
ۼѾߵǰһţҲǼŮƵİȥ
ſصϣֻ͸ñıԵ˽һ˫Ž˿ߵɫѥ
أ̧ժñ
Ŀԡ
ɵۣ촽˶֪˵ʲô
ññ߽С͵
Ⱦˣ˵ˣ
Ͻҡҡͷӡ
λҿֶۣ˹ָ

۾︡Ứ
ûվֱԭ˵ڵء
죬侲ʣʲô񣿡
ǡ緭˿ǵСڹ꣬Ŭڵϰ˰죬ʹ̧ͷһίˡ
ӽ£һֱûҶġ
Ȳھ͸һֻڼһ顣һ¾ǧ
߳ǼŮɨȥ
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
Ҳ֪ڽʲô
һԲУĵϢ˼̴ӣŮӶֱ˳ȥ
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п⣬֣ϵľʹײײֹá
ˣǰ˲Ǹ͵ͨˣӡ
һŭʬ
κ˵һ֮䡣
԰ſǶ·ֻصһμʱֻֿţ־
ȴֻǶζؿ
㲻һ䣬ʲôط
˵ָ֣оһʧˡ
ֳŵأȻԼʲô
ѽˣѱݸˣӣ֪ǱԼ֪֪ľһӣ
ڼˣñ֪ˣһȵʣӣôˣ
Сɵ˳عɢࡣ
ƽƽոչŮʲô
һ㶣Ȼۡ
⣬ոչŮ˱£װ
಻۸Сɵˣ̨£ûҲ㣬֪𣿡
βϹشˣСľ裺ҡ֪ǲ֪أ
ֵ̧űǼ⣬һ˿Цѹ˻ȥ
Բһ¡
Ҳ¡תתʲôУʵʵ˵ڹ
วƣµúá
Ȼһŵµıݡ
£ӾȻӣ£ҡ檡ǣȵŻˣ
ûۿˡ
Сﻹڿŵıݣ߾ֱӰñָͷϣסĸ䡣
ٲ죬Ҿͺڸķˡ
ͣ±ݣΪԼķͣƿñĴɴ
࿴񣬵ϥ£ס°͡
С°˵ȷҲһѡ
ķϣ׼Ϊˡ
ˣ뵽֮ǰ񲹵֪ʶȻ׳󵨶С׷˾䡣
ǲأ
ྲǰС
ˡ
лҪ˵·ң
ࣺŵ㣬ѷ·ȥ
ѽǼѽллǵĵףÿ~

 23 

ŵĵط˵ǵŮٲ֪ΰѡ˴˵ĵطʱ䡣ҹһ롮ˡƲס
µĹܴ
ǴҴѬ㣬ѹס˾˾ӵĻҳζȫƹŮڵӭ
ҹѾˣŴССǷ
ŮŵҲѸ֪ˣԡڵĴ˯¡
ټĹһƬ
ڱſյġ
ʢģҹȻô죬űӣڳů
;£صУҲûеֱ׼빬ˡ
ǳ䶨ɡ
ۣ˯ȥ
ȻסһжİĻоõԼ˯һֱμֵֹĶ
îʱŮƿᣡ
îʱĩ
ڱУѵ롣
һҹجΣֻԼͽһΰݶ£۵ᱳʹ
ˣŶˡ
ء
һΪľңǰճ
ǰ߳Ϊϣǰ⻬ĺһص棬ڸеεƣԻƵַ롣
ϴ󣬹ŮϢֶ˲С鲽룬Сϡ
š
Ź󣬹Ůǰ
޴İٻǰڷһŰı
棬̨׵ĸ߶ȣܿǰĸŮĺ󾱡
ҹ٣һжĸŮһһݼӡ
էʲôûʲô¶ྐྵɹ̫˸顣
ˣպҲҪסЩӵġ
Լڵ黹е棬סõطʲôط
ҹҹɫУԺʲô֪
˴ΪԪ۹ʵϷ˿ס˳Ψ˴˾ӣ״ˡ
˹ƣɲˡͷˡ
Ҵס˭
㣬֮ǰߣǾиˣһסýģϣǺദġ
䣬ǹŮɫ͸ˡ
֧֧˰졣
ˡĹУסġסġѾˡ
˸
䡭ʶһĺ塣
ˣ
֮ˣ
ǲ֪һԺĹֻסһλ
ŮĻû˵꣬Ծ֣ˡ
ģӲðһ亹
ڶ졣ʲôʣʲô֪ѵ
̲ס룬ҹ˯ôһҹجֻǹλò
˵
죬ŬѹеĻ̿֡
էʲôҪ쬵Ĺš
ⶢǼŮŬ¶һôԵúµЦݡ
£ǡȥɹ̫
*
ڣһƬǽ塣
еֱҳڹصĴͷϡ
۽Ⱦż
²뿪̶£ȾͰ಻סˣ
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صĴһͣ뷢԰ף޵ᣬͷĵ÷ࡣ
죬ϳ޶ģ
ȷûжģַŶǣ۵һ˿Ѫɫأһֱӣ𣿡
صĴ󳼺ŵͣ١
ڣʮһڵأͷűľ棬սսɤҷ
¡ԩ󳼶ŴͰͽͣϳϳֻǿСףԣշһֻշһ
շһĺͯõ㣿
ഽһơ
ȥǰԼָͣ
ǻ֮ǰɥȪ
Ǵ󳼻ٰʹޣܿ챻̴˳ȥ
ټѻȸ
˹һ¿ӡ
̧
Ϲŵĳ̣У亹Ѫɫ
ȻȤ

ʱ򣬶Ҫ뷨йл
뵽ڻиɵС
ɨ۵Ϲŵʮˣȥ
ͽЩˣȥС
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ͷգҲҪͥš
ͥлСأڻȴڹŮǰСϣ˯
˿Щݣµˣ
Ů
δ˯죬͵һۡ
ˣ
಻ס˳СȹŲҴܡ
ƣһа֣
ں
ӣ
տ߸ߵĵżȹСѾȹܵǰò׽ͣȣ¶һϲЦݣϡ
ӣˣ
Ų˻
С˵գ۾ֻһۣܵŭɢ
ǣС֣
ȻǸС̽ӣδ棬һҹв
һֱµ಻סˡ
ԹǣŽȥ
ͺͱһλãĽŲػͷ
ǽӲ۵գڣȻ֮Ƕһʻů⡣
뿪ʱı}ˣȻͬ
С̾ضࡣ
ԭ˵ģΪٹá
һͷͶСＸۡ
ҲԳԲ
ôң
صصͷüëһһ룡ˣ
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ҪЩ͸ˡ
ЩͲίԼɹ̫ˡ
䣬ĸŮʱ顣
泩
ҾͶ㡣
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ʱæŵĹҲӵڣһתЩȵಽ
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Ĵ˵ؼ鼮żȻһ̧ԹԱСһ˫۽Ƭ̲ơ
ջߣ
衣
ͷҲ̧֣̽豭ģһЦ
롣
վȻˡ
Ǻá
һڲ裬С
ҲԪڵġ
˵һš
һڣҪ̧ͷһࡣ··
оˣ䲻ϲ֡ɫɲ͡񣬵ǽСôԾ
Ůǵͷҿӡ
ҹĻ٣ϣ˵λã෭鼮ţСƨŤŤΪأķŲ
أ첲Ҫˣͣ
ţȫλáҹаҲֵģ
һ̧ͷѾӶЩӡ
աճң
һֱ£ʱ޿̲ע벻ֶѡ
ߵؿ˿գšӻᷳ𣿡
Щ㡣ٴ˵С
ֹãǰСѾŴĴǷˡ
˶٣̧ȥ
Ѿʮյصƣ¹ҿС
ɫˣЩϢ׼뿪
ӣ
ҪߣߣŵһףӷӦ죬Ѿ߬ס䡣
׵ûѪɫʢ۾ȻЩҡ
Ҫ𣿣
˵ĻһҵůҲˡռĹһˣ̫ˡ
µί֪ô죬ֻץӣ޶Ը֡
ౣŶû
񰵳
죬ƽҪ
˵ͷۿ±ƵģС󣺡𣿡
лҪ˵ң𣿣
Ǻãһ±ľVˣʱʮ㣬첻ˢˡ
лǵ֧֣VŬ~
ˣ뱦ϲģϽղһרԤջкöĹѡŶ~
ǽסѽ~
лͶ׵Сʹ߸ 1
ǳлҶҵ֧֣һŬģ

 24 

Сץ, Ψһĸľ, ӵ, ŬأԼԸ
Ϊʲôء
˳Ԫ
µ۵ǻһ޺󹬡
ԪĹŮǶˡѧЩһȫ, 赽˼㡣
Ҫܲ˴۵С۰ɡ
һ϶ȥϴ»ȹ˷ֱСҿ飬ŮһǱŲҴᲽأڹش׼Ÿԡأոµ, ޾ߡ
Ԫ׼һʱ䣬ʵϺܶ඼û׼á, »һš˹ŮҲ֪, ڹ, һʱ䲻þ, Щʲô
ӡŲԡѾ빬ˣҪܺ, ĪֵĶо
Ȼº¡
ֻһƺĲͬȴȾһЩϼۡ
Ϊӵ΢Ŵ֡ɱԼ, ֻǻһƺȻ˾ηİиࡣ
ָоܾǻһǰ
ҹ﹬Ѿջȵ£ˬġȻһ˿Ϊ¡
£޵ʱ仹磬硭ȡ飿
Ƭ̣зһ鼮
˵ϻˡͷ
ͨݸ𣬵ΪֹҲûкͱôʱ䡣Ĳ֪ôԴദʱ䡣
ϵָȹӣһһأҲһʵĻһҳĬ
С̽治ϸ
ַ飬һ͵ߵС̽ӣȴǰֲģԺԭԭ̬
˼ƣֻǳɲСܸýѧһ֪ʶ
뵽´ǡ
ˣǸͬһҾȥʴǷҪ̥ҩС
ָĴ۵Сһҹ
ʱѧգ
һ̧ͷޱȸмص˵ͷѧҡ檡
ҵ˸ƣһӻԼϣֿˡ
ܽӴֻ常ĸֳ梣ˣҲֻ֪һĿʱпԳ檡
ûԹ
ñŤ
Ҽ̡
ҲһûСԳ檣ֵֹġ

һ
š
Сʱ常ֽ塣˵ʥ
Ǹֵóҫ£ñֱ˫ֵϥǰ΢΢°͡
£Ե䲻ᣬڶϣδй֡
ԴѧԺ󣬺常ģÿÿʤ常ʾ֭ٳʱ䣬ҲӮ
Ҳսһֹ󣬰ޱ𾪶˵գףܼ
⻰˵ñƺҲȤбСΣʾȥ
ҽվҪһˡ
˴ӱ𴦹ⷿʱһ֡
һ߸ߵʯͬɫӣбʡ
Сܰյص񻨵ĹΧҲͶ˵Ӱӡ
ڰɫݺϽλá
С
ŵСֱͦ˼米ţָһŰӣ˳ָ̳һÿĻȡ
ȥȷмִҷ緶
̡
ඨһ
Ԫ
ĬƬ̧̣ӡ
ҲʲôͬѰ
ʮֺ
߬һӣٳٲ¡
ԹԳЦ
Цݳ˹ԣݽԵá
ѵܼеģ
׼λһƫŹ˿̼ɱ
϶ȷŮ
ģƭ˸Сɵӵ档
ΪԼǸ֣ÿһͥŲƵǰ㵭ǰг
ȻЦ
һŮ˵Ҳƭͷԡ
ӣ˼ϵĶġ
治ȻܺµƾС
Ȼ常˵ûԽˣԽֵĲġ
µֹ۱˭ãҲĹѺࡣ
ã¹ĶֶҪãѵôĵĶ֣ʮϡ
࣬е㸴ӡ
¹ж٣
ᵽڷӦԼո˵ʲô
ȻСС˵
һǽ常һǺİ֡
ӣúĦ
ʣһ常һ֡
ôֻ¹壬һʥܵ棬Ըֵݣˣ
ˣˣҲȤ
ҲĶִͬ
ߵؿ˿ա
һڱǰչʾĳȻеȻ
һ壬˶˯Ŀġ
µʮּѡ
ÿһ˼ʱ䣬ԶԶԽȥжĵľ档
浽ʱš
ٽ
вأֻһ֡
С̼̱˾ȶȲ
Ҫô©ٳҵ޺λãʵס
壬ȷܿ
ڰ𽥲̣ÿһĳʱԽԽ
תźɫʯӣŴ۸ӵ̣ԥ̧ӡ
㡭
̧δ˵Ļ
ĵСﻹŰɫʯӣѾۣ΢΢죬˯ˡ
С̫Сĺ
ɫʯС
ҹѾˡʱ˯ǱεʱѹŲס
С˯ò֡û֧ŵ㣬Դ΢΢бббţ˸һ
ϡ
ԴСõġ
ȵĲĲ˲䣬ԼҸλá
ŮϢϡ
£ū澷ˡ
ȥ
С˯ˣ˵ʱ˼֡ˣ̺벻ϲҲǹŮһЩڵء
Ů˽˺С⣬̧ͷҲ
Ƭ̣ཫ˯ĲֵСƽϡ
ȣҹ̰Ծ˸ûв֡
Ȼ֡
ոôĶûѹյһߣض˶ûˣغ
š𡭡
ֻֻسˡ
˯òƤôһϣûгԺת˸ǺܿͰ
˯˯ţȥ˱գһСģУʯе䣬
ʯӷᣬˡҵŵòۼҪ
Լţ˵ʱ䷴Ӧ
ڶ˯ˡ
ǲǸһ㣿ȷ룬ûмȥûӮǲǸ棿
һ˯úã
˹Ůӣ˳ʣأ
Ůҿ
ˣԡ
ء
ڵһʮءһСҴ
ûһЩ쬣ء
ӣԼĺ󱳡
Ǵġ
϶Ǳ䡣
ѵ˵ֻ߽𣿱뿪ôһСֱΧ
סˣȹһ·ʮ紦ܡ
ŮĿࣺˣɣ
ʮɽˮͼű磬ŵһ棬ˮϡ
ʲôɵģûаҪ
֪棬һӰˡ
ĺϲڵĻҳϥһĹŮӲûǰöҪץȹˡ
ˣԡ㲻˷ŮҴ󣬵Ȱ
ҡҡͷ
Ҿȱ¡űµġ
磬Ǳһ뵽ôаȫˡ
Ҳ˵ʱϾѾů
ᶨԲԶ뱩
ŮۼŶҪˣֲҿ
㲻ô̫ûˣܻᡭ

ŮĻ䣬ˮУ˵ͳ
Ůˢһף˿죬˻

Ůɴۣſۻµ㱵ߡ
֪һˮʲôʱʧˡ
ߵߵ
ı汻졣
˵Щ
Ϊʲô
ػ硣
Ĳʲ͸Լоĳһ˵
ԡôϰˡ
һ뵽˿ܻˮûд£֪Լµľٶж಻ס
Ϊ˰ѿ־УȻһԡĵط
ոǻˣ
Ȼ̵Ķ䡣
롭½һ㡣
ߺˣ૵أЩ塣
һû
Ȼ米ٴα졣
Ҹһ𣿡
죬˵͡
лҪ˵ҲҲȥ
常̵Χֻ޾ģﶼԡ
һʮ㡣
лǵĶ֧֣~
ддĺܼѣÿ賿ĵ㻹ڿాܲܶ࣬ǻᾡд~

 25 

ʵʵͷ롭˵, ȻӦ, , ʲôʸڷ, 룡
Ѿܺˣů˹һ㶼ûиոСе䡣
ֻҪպ룬Ժúöɹģ
ңʲôȥѽԡôܽȥ
ţ˵ü, 룬Ҳ
ס䣬װԼû
ˮ
, ΢Զһ, Ҳûйϵ
ŲŲ, Ų˲ߵľ, ڵˮΪֹ
ݵʱþŶ
ϥǣ˯
Ƭ̣˴Űɫ, һˮƹ˳
СѾһţڵ˯ˡ
һΣŮǶҿ, С˯ĵϡ
Ų˻ĬŵϵС

еƮƮģռ
Ѿ˴齣Һеı죬ڷͷ
౧ŲһתѻеСһİϡ
ͬһҵҲ޷ͬ
Ҳɡ
ڰϹһȦԼҵ˸ʵλá
ֻѾ߻һź򡣶Ҳȷõ˯УŸ˷٣ȵ֡
һᣣĴϡ
ҷɫĽбˮĽдϵҡ
Լ
ϣһѾϤ˵Ϣ
ϵ
Ĵϣüͷ޷ۡ
˯š
·ǸСߡ
оİڡ
ᣡ
ЪϢŮǴϨ˵һƬڰУһ㴹˯ŵС齡
˯ţȴ˯
ȥƿСϵᱧ

ȻʧأȻ˯
һۣͶҹ
ɢŷֳ̿⡣
ҹ˯ˣҲ˯ˣԲ˯ͬһոڴûиоˡôΪʲô˯һ룬Ҫϱ
𰸵ı롣
Ӻգգۣ棬ڱ۾
ڶСëڲۡ
ǻƺЦ
Ȼ˼ŵֻ˯һҹĴϡ
ëڲ˶ڲ
ǶһҶݶ߶£Դ˺ö࣬ԼʲôҲ벻
֪ΪʲôҪҲ֪ᷢʲô
ȻģͶ飬һδ֪Ļֺ̿ͽš
߬Сȭͷۣ˯
ãõҪӲ̲סƿһֻۡ
ǰûˡ
᣷ֻһˡ
ǻǿ³С࣬Сƿһᣡ
СϣֱţȻ˯ˡ
ԭֻǻ
ſڱﳤ
˸ոա
иڴϴ
һȦȻŲԡ
ӡ
ϣһİζ
ǡǱո˯ġ
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ϵĶʧСϣۡ
ʧˡ
ֻ˯ĵطҲϵ㡣
˯š
̧ۣѵΡ
*
峿Ů
ˣѾʱˣˡ
ڴ齱ᣵĹŮеۣϸٿ˿ȷİġ
շĸŮеκһ
ĸУŮˡ
أ
곤ĹŮϥˣîʱ֪˯Ըū澵Ȳôţùźȥϳˡ

Ҳ˵ı棬˯
ͨݸʱô˯ͷ뿪֪
ϴŹŮʽߵͷݼ
ڱϣ촽˶˵ĹŮֲʣµõһܳܵĴ𰸡
էÿһ춼Ǿš
ڵУڵҲסֱӷԸŮͥӴһ
ǲһ˴ĵСرڱʱڵ¶ȹҲܽһʱˡ
˴ʮٶȣһʱͷûɹѾ͡Ůǰ齲СһЩ򵥵ļҾ߽ȥ
ȹȥȻһ˿ˬ¶£ůɹţǷᣬڵǿ⣬ּǸĺõط
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ĸŮһ࣬һȡˮĹϹ̣һڱ裬ڣ˶ԽӣԸ
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뵽ѾָģΪľǹ֮ͨϵ
Ǵˡ
ҧСָ
Ÿս죬ôἰأ
ţŮ˱
ò衣
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ԲһѰϿ常Ը⿴ġ
ΨһϣһҪԼְñҪ֣
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ҲŴ˾ٿС
ЩడˮģǶԼ˵ʾáϲҲ˳
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֪֪ˣҪȴ̽Ķ
Ůȵϥˣٲô̽״̽٣򡭡ûһ㶼
׼뿪Ľһ١

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ţ˽ȥҲϢ
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Ůԥǵ˸빬ǲ֪µ顣Դӱµǻд󳼵ߣߣһɡһɱ⡣
Ҫնס
ˢһס
ննף
ڹУδӴȴѪɷ֮Ĵʡ
ǣŮҲԼͷϣʱñµע⣬ǲʱȥ¡

нº䣬Ӷתˡ
ءȥò״ɤＷֱʳУ߶תߣ
ʲô̶ˣ
֪ǰŲȽſ¾ҪôһĨˣ
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׷
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 26 

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ս첲ʳС
Ӳ̧ţ, ÿһ, ľż˲鲻Ը
뿪ôߵ, һ㡣
ȥ
Ŭź, 죬һš
߸ߵżСϣ̧, 
һ紵
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ܲˡ
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󳼹ߵͷ˻ߣ£ϳԩϳ˹ᣬᵳӪ˽֮£죡
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󳼵ߴĴҶֳֵһͷɱƴ
ȥĽż˻ͼˡ
⡭ô̼һҪն׵Ļ棿
ոչӭɲǼɢ
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 27 

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ˡ
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ԴڽѾ֡
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Сɵ˵ϰߣ·Сϣһ㶼ʣ
ѵһ˿Ĵ
ջعͺͺӣҴһصԼλãͼ¡
ྐྵĹӣô󣬻ǵһôȻ
ҡ
̧Ŀࡣ
˵ǣƺմһĹ顣
ͷգۣ룬Ҳǡôų⡣
ԼԼоţ񡭡˲һ
лҪ˵СԼԼץסǵоѽջϹԶǣ
д賿ҿ𴲵ʱд꣬ʹ顣
һ£ֳ۷ˣ
ѽǣ~
Ҳ~

 28 

Ϊ, Ǽ֮, ʮҲ̤ˡ
ȻӹŮǶ֪, ͥĵͷѪǸ󳼣ѹ, ̲飬Ǳˡṳ̂ͥһʱ˲ٵĸ
ңºͽˡ
ָӹŮѡ˲ٵʳģһв˶磬һ룬ȷºͽ˰ɡ
Ȼе㲻̫׼, һʳȥ֮ǰ߰첻״̬ս
Ȼͽ, ôֺñµÿһ, ڵ֮ء
, ʳ
ʱ, ̤ţͱǶĴסˡ
С˰
ǸڱЩӵ, ̵ͷġҲڵڷ̣Ƕ˶ʱ, Ĵ˹Ů˳ȥ
û뵽
СĶмҪ˽
ʮͣЦշƵĺơ
˳빬ǲ֪ʳڱ¶ԣʱǶ֮¡Ϊˣŷʾ֭Ҫñʱôһǰ㡣
ձȴʳȫˡֻһ֪һĳ¸֡СĿ֪ˡ
е㺦ߣɵЦ
գʵ˵¡˵ţѵãȻ˵տۡҲ˶ΪƣһԵµθǰ߶ҲǼá
ȷѽеͷڱǰգöˣϰˣˡ
һġ
ĻЦ˻СľͶлˣ˲ˡⷽ棬ˡ
ҹǰĴ̶æˣ浱Ŀǰͷȴ¡
ֽдžЩʲôʳθ
ġζģų⡣ˬЩõˬȻͻЩ˵ûôƢ
ƣ
ˬɿڵģʱǼ֡뵽ձ÷ɽкøУֻһζϸ΢ͬһ֡
طϽĺʣѡȡ˼ֻʻзϺӣĹŮǰ
ӣһβʴɫֺõѡϴ嵶뽪Ƭл
ǰһʱ׼ʱ̳ãʢʳװˣȥ㱩š
˵㣬ÿģֲԡ
˿УʳˣÿζܽȫԸɾ
ֻܱһ࣬۰ͰͿš
ϲ
һСȡ˿ǣѡзƣƤ͸СϣСӣԵ΢΢ۣ˵ͷ
е
ˣΪʲôֻһ˵ķݡ
İӣô㣬ǰȴܳԣҪԡ
СӶҪСˡ
ϲ͸ˡ
ջߣԲԡ
һ̣һֻСӡ
¶ȲߣġǲȴζƤۣзƣһҧȥ֭ˬڵ㡣
зưȻһ
Ŵ׽Ҹۡ
̫óˣԼҲ޷ֿзƹ
࿴Ȥ˿еģּһֻιߡ
£ҲܳˣЩǸµġζջ£ѵصֿ
ûϵɵ˵Լԣ뿴СʱǸС飬ɰ
ֻôֱӳԵءоᣬƴãûеֿļҸεſ졣
ء
óԡ
Եһ㣬ͷ
Եô㣬൹Ƕʳùźѵһ䣺յζ
֪⣬ʶıʾһ
أ»бʲôϲ𣿡
Աûʲôʾֻͳͳһ䡣
ǱһοڣƫһĦȭƣ׼ġ
֮żգСʱ䣬ʾ֭׼ϲġ
⼸գյ֮⣬۲ãȴƺʲôƫá
ʳ棬·ûиϲáʲôʲô
û˵һɣһá
׽͸ֻ౸һ÷зư
յˬ÷зư󣬾࣬Ҳôֿ֮
գѰ˼ţϲģҲסڵʳáԾͰŹǶͰٺϸ⡣
ÿʱ̣ԽԽʳеִЦͻ˵ʣ½ɻã
ˣֻҪڣµһֱá
̺ܻ˵Цۣȹڵ
£ˡ
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ʱͻСůרŸ׼һ齣ǰĹŮ¯Ѭ㣬ˣʹŹŮֱӷ´᣾Сһʱ
Ҳ칫µĵطûʲôĺۼˡ
һŸ߸ߵĳŸ߸£Ƶ񻨱ʼϣʮ֧ëϴĸɸɾҲĺõ£һαϴ
ʱٻҲϲڲţʴֳһյװһĲ룬ʱ˷Żȥ裬֡
Ǵ̵Ļơ
Щ뷨ԣֻԼԪϰϢȥ裬ԼôҲԷˡ
Ҳˣٻյ칫ĳ
СҵСϰ˽Ĳ˵㣬ֵƬ̣Ҳû
յĻǲŵġ
ƿЩڵĴᣣȥǶ
˻ڰ칫
ʲô£һֳŶͷһűʣָЩס
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ǰ̿ϡ
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ɲҪ󱩾еĳšûҲйسķ졣
ü΢š
ɫҲ̫ãЩء
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վ˻ϥȹ׼˻ȥ
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ǲǡЩ
Сǰ벽ϸࡣ
ոֻʲô£ɸոһۣط֣ƺʲôõ޼ɻ룬һɱóҰĻ̵̻ۣʲôҪ͵ģ
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Ȼǳ£ôֻԼˡ
ʳں󣬼̧
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öˣΣȥҽ
̻Ȼ򣬲ϥмٺȥҽ
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ྭᵥֳŶǣʱ̫ѨһࡣЩͷ
˵ͷ֮ˣƢꡣͷԵϡ
˵ˣȴɿԼŶǵֻ֡
޲ͷ
ȻָָԼĸ
ۡ
ֵ࣬ͷԼԼȷ
θ
θۡ
ǲǽˣ¶þˣϽת˲ùһ·СȥСңŹ
һ㣬θ
ɲܷһ·ů̼ţð
ʱ򣬾ʧأҧŴһţ۰Ͱ͵ء
ӹŹǶ
Ķˡ
ȴҽһӣ˹һŹǶˡ
̬ţ㿴θۡ
ͷ󺹵ҽһظ
죬ҽջ֣ߵڵأ£˵ʳҽպʳõ̫࣬ײˡµθһʱܲסŵ¸ʹ
˻һվһļͫһ
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⣬Щһֱڸţÿһٶѡʳס
ԣԱۣ֮
ֲ̿ؿࡣ
ҡ͵ػͷҽ
жң

ҽСʣ¸ոտʲô
Ȼش𣺡ŹŹǶ
ʲô⣬ÿһʳȫ˳
ҽȻѹ֡
±иʹ֢֮ƫҲԺ֮󻹻ظʹ
ˢðѪɫ
ǣҵࡣ
ոʹɵġ
ʲôҲû˵ֻ͵طԸҽץҩ
ҽҾҩСͽȥһĲ׼ҩ
ղѣҲһ裬˳ȥ
Ĺȥ
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Ŭӣ·ҡҡ񼫣ﲻ⡣
һΣҪˡ
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ԩôԩá
ʲô
ֳŻضǣעС
¼ˡſ⣬۾ѹеǡ
Ϊûǰ˽ЩʳǷ壬ֻȣΪͼͱ˶յĺʳ±屧
Դ̧ӣǹɬѹ˻ȥ
ϴʱܿޡˣίһίί
úõŸԵãֱӸʹˡ
ϲû˵ʹߣҪ
ѰϿʱҲѾ̸𣬳һ˼ҵ̫̫ΪԴ˶ۣӲˣûдܸκá
Ǳи̡
һԼĴȡ
ɱ֡
Ҫ׹ǵڻꡣ
¡ҵĴŬ⣬ɤӸɬ£ǧҪۣҪ
⻰΢΢˳
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˼壬
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кööʵģҡ
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ոĺ̫ˡ
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Сġ
˰һͷСϸþҲֻǿ˲ҡΡ
룬İýķ˹ȥ
һز
֫ϰ˻ȣ»Ŭڵվȣˤࡣ
½㡣
ŬȵЩһһţߵòƮ
Сж
ĸ첲ֻֽţļ米Ŭȫ
ӣͦÿġ
İߴСǰ鷢ƿ
ڣҲֻи׼һܹϢ
СĲ°ȥ
ϹһŵӣԣһĻᡣ
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û
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ʡ
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շһ˿ֽˡ
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Сʲôֲˡ
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ԣһԥûеصͷǿʹҲԸºҩ
ྲ죬΢΢𴽽ǡ
ˣ
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뵽Ҫʲôˡ
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Բۡ
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졣
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˵
ƿߡ
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ࡣ
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ұֻΪ˻ȴõң
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Ƕѽ~

 29 

ӡ
֮ǰ, ҲһΡ
Сʱ, һֻè֪ôڵԺ, ̫˯÷Ƥء
ǻ, ȥèèСӡèèһۣûССࡣ
Ǹָк
룬èèӣ˵Ķӣ𲻴ɡ
Ψһûǲëȥ
뷨صص˵ͷ, ͬĻ
˲齣һϣƺ
վǶֱȻһ, Ȼ齵齱ߡ
ѵ, Ҫȥ
ǲǺͱͬ
ֵͬĺ, һߡ
׳ŵӣ¿ɲŲһ㣿
࿿, 
ԡ
Ĺӡ
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, ڶˡ
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ǺǸһҽԭǸɵۼ׼ģԴµ۵ǻҽ´ˡ
ǶУϸϸһ
ȥ
ҽջֱ֣Ӷ°ͣȥ裬ٽ
֪Ҫ֧ĥĥ˰죬ҽһҲû˵ֻܳȥҡ
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£˵壬ࡣ
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ͨݸ֪Сʱ֪ԲãҲ֪ҽó࡯֡
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˵
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ǲҽΣ¡
һ
ʲô
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ǲ
еɱƬһء
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ȥҩԺȥԪʲôʱãʲôʱȥ
С
һһ٣Ҫ
ҽϻ̳ϿӦˣϿҩСͯȥץҩԼȥ˲ҡ
չĲ衣
ϵģθأƫҪԡ
һһˮʱˣȴ֮ǰĲˮࡣ
ڴ̼θ
ҽʱ
ˡ
ʣҽոҿҿʲôף
ҽӲŹ֣ˣӹֻЩ΢ͺá
˵ͷ
֮ǰǸҲô˵ġ
˲ȥࡣ
Сʱ󣬲Ҷҩ
һģһġ
Ӧġ
룬һȻ
ƲƲ졣ĺܲϲҩСʱŵҩζ췴θϧúȣһȺ˶ꡣ
û취׿ڴӦġ
ʢҩС롣
ࡣ
ڵҩ
Ķرġ
һҹʱˡûɱֻ赭дҩ
ġء
뵽գգۣ࡭
ĻһڣߺӦҴұ룬ССںȡ
ɬһֱӿۣһᣬʡ
һ꣬Լûˡ
һۣȻԴЦ
ط˷룺ºˡ
һָȴûǹԣԼȥѡˡ
Ȼװûǰ䡣Ųء
֪֪¶мݡ
Գˣȴ֪ˣֻüװûǰ䡣
ں䣬ˣΪԹԺҩ͡
ȥһѡһָͷСӡ
佱ˣѡ˳أøˡ
Сһ㣬ΪһСĽһֱЦУƳۣջߡ
ȻСѾͷ
ΪһʱԵòԶµθۣҩͺá
ҩӵҽһ÷
ףԹԵźҩ
⼸죬ѾܺӦԼÿҩݡ
һ͹Ⱦͳע⣬һ
ֻҴһҩɫԡ
Լҩ̲סʣ½յҩôɫζͬ
治ɫ룺һζҩ
ɫɱ֮ǰȵҩŨЩˣǱ۵ˣҩ಻ࣿ
Ȼǰ⣬ֻشһԥ£ֱ˵ࡣ
֮ǰĻࣿһ
֮ǰǸҩֻһʾ;ࡣһݾȻһݻҪࡣ
ͬؿ࣬ȻСԴ
Ĵ
ǰҩ÷˶̣տż
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Сһλʥ輫죬Цͬˡ
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໹ڳţ¡
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ﻹ˵ţ֪µҩ࣬ոȥЩ
̷ڳϣȡһС޴ŷĸǣȻƿҩǡ
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Ȼȡʢһ㣬ڡ
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Ȼŭˡ
ķŭ̧ͷ£ҩ÷
ΪʲôҪ÷ƭ˵ҩ
ڶ侲ߺŭҲʧˡ
ֻСָ˾䣺ƭˡ
һ̯֣󷽷˵
ţƭˣ
ŭԡ
Ȥôƭˣһ˼ûС
ôû˼
ʾķӦ˼
ͰָǣǱôΪƭң
Ϊ
˵ţָ֣ա
С۾أ
뵽ǰҹҹҵ̽˻ȥʮʧȻС͵ڶ첻ˡ
С˸ӡӣĹƵء
˭ںҡ
лҪ˵ҲûϹ˵
ֳûУ
ǻమ꣬Ըѽ~
רղһ˵⾪ϲ

 30 

ҩ, ſСϹһˮ, ȷ硣
ȡ
, ȥһ
Ůٵ˷ԸȴӸȷ, Ȱţˣҽ˵ҩʱ׹ڲá
죬ܲ⡣
ҪҴ÷ϷŪҲڻصԪҪҩˡ
ҩ£ʱűҪպȵġȱ²Ժ, ͿԶϵˡ
ƫƫصԪ󣬻úȡ
һͷ
Ҵƭ֣õ, ϷŪҲͰ, Ȼһ, Ȼҩ, Ǿͼȡ
ǸҽԪһСңרŸҩ
Ŷ
ȵֲܰڱ, Сϣ˯ˣŲһλȥůһŲһ
ȡ
Ѿϵ, ڵˣֻĨزһᱡɴȹѾصϣǽڼȡһˬ

ʱԸһ裬ܰԼȫ˫ַϡ
ȵȣбġҲֹһ
ڵʱ򿴼ģУڷ˾Ÿ裬һȥе¶ȣѵõˬ
磬Ҹ£
ı裬ϴ硣
ƿ̤һֻţȻѸ˻
ûʲôգסʱˬҲͱȡôҲڣȵһ½ž̵
Ĵ㶼Ҷݣʧȥ֮ǰһȺɫʰ쵵ķȥĻ

пһȻ˻صڡ
ȣڼ϶һӾͺˣ̧żߵ˻иĹŮǣ
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˻صڣùŮȥϯɾ
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ĹŮ˸
˵ǰˣĻǴ̡
ˣ̧һӡ
Сĸ밲
Ц˴ǿӡ
Щӣ˻ҩҩʱܺսµıҲܸ˵йӦ¾뵽һıȥбˬů
Ǳרøȥġ
㶿ǿ˫ִʯȴ̴ºոԼʲô
˭ͱ裬ԼĻ
Ǳһõı裬Ķࡣ
־һ⣬ǲǵ֡
ȵĸоɢˡ
ű˰졣
ˣĻôһ㣬ӵ䣬Ҫʲôźá
һ⡣
*
źҩⶼ࣬ʲôжζ
ڳϣԼǸиֻ֣Ϊ֮ǰԵθۣҩᣬôҲ³ȻԼҲܰԼθչ˹
ھû취ˡŮٺѾ뾡Ӻһ㣬һС˲һ࣬ʣ
ԪĿŮŷ뷨ŪЩζģƫҲԲ˶٣ǰ󲻹С£ࡣ
ʱڣһȱͳԲϣټҩȵθڲãҲʵҲһõķ
űſСϿ飬Ѿȡȹ߶߶ѾһȦĲȥˣɵ취һС
һҳǴĴ档
һҲ޷ﶬֵֻġ
Ůٿϥˣȥ
ɳ©
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ڣ̵ļˣΨŮ͵ˡ
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Ůǰפ㣬΢΢ϥ
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á
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Ļֽеĺɻҧһڡ
Щ
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ɤӷʣµһɻ֡
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ˣ֮仹һǽֻһţ⻹š
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ʢİٻţ档
һ
Ůӣ洫һº͵
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ǹˣյһμȴܾƵġ
⻰Ͻ̫
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ۡ
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⻰ģȷҲںܶʲôŪסҲҪȥŪ׵ġ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣űͺá
䲻֪ңȴ빬ҲùĹ㡣˵ǲ֪ûкλҲûзˣ٣ʲô¶¿ӣҽִƺ󹬵ĴֻδĻʺš
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˵ݲɹҪȥϣתòңˣȴ¶ˡ
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Ϊˣǧﱳ磬ˣңҷԸȥ뾩ܼһ桭
ܳһ̣ˡ
չ㸮ģ˭
ǸðݵĹȻǲܵģһͲˡ
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˵̫¶ɫЩݡ
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һ㶣̫˵ֻҳʲô֪֪ܰﵽ̫ʲô
أֻܰҵġ
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֪ӹǣŮʱͻˡôҲûеõʲôҲǱµǻҽΪ֮ÿ£һΡ
ǰЩҿӡֻЩӣҽһֱԪ˿ұԸˣֻӣʵ̫ˣ⼸գѰ
ߺ̫
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ûֻΪͷССֵ飬Ҫҽ̫Ĩ֡
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ֻǱ½˸㣬ҲֻҪƽƤĺӺˡȴҲá
ߵûšͷ̧˶
ʵûţֺ̫š
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⡢⳥û뵽ֽ취
̫ЦúͰ³㣬ȻҪġ
Ͱ͵ҲҲǡ
ʲôǣǳ㣬ǲǺ㣿̫˵СţҿǺӳģʵġɲҪϡ

κš
Ȼǳѽ
еģֻǲɱҪϺܶࡣ

š
ϵ̫ԣ̫ЦָСʲôءǲţȥ߱£㹬ޣ㿴ͬͬ⡣
һͨҡ֣ã
̫ȴһԸȥȥ߱£˵ҽ۸ˡ
ŵصɴۡ
̫ⶼûе¶ô
ôĨԼ
̫ȴЦһյ衣
֪жûһ𣿡
ҡҡͷʲô֪
ǻ֮󣬱һΣԺɶգҼĴ֮Ͳδˡ̫˼ۣЩϷʣҪմĹˡ
ҵţһ׼Ҫ㡣
ʱ֪ǲǳ㣬ˡ
Ѱ
Сʱ
˸ͨ
¼ݵ
ͨ
ˡ
лҪ˵ţˡ
ǣǴֳһ£度度
ϲǵԣϲҾͳ˶Ⱥһ~
ӪҺĻһ£

 31 

̫, ϾǺͺǰ޹ϵһ֮ء
ǻı²̫, ôǸ, Ķӻ޵ŮŻһƽûκοˡ
ǵ
һͨ, ̫еĶŻţæӭ
̫أЦºͣƣⲻˣ
Ϸʣȴߵöͨ졣
һҵĻУϵĵ㡣ӣ̫ѾվЦӭ˳
׽Ū, ɱ
һ̫ףƮСϡ
, ˶Ҫ̫, ¶ֻ, õѪ
, ʲô
һ뵽ո̫˵Ļ㿪, Ͱ͵أңû㡣
˵Ҫܳͷ
ŵعӡ
ҪͷǱҪˣ
ֻɲŻŻ˵, ǿƿߣװû
̫ʲô˵۸ˣ
죺ûС˵Цˡ
˵Ц˵Цʲôʡ
ߣ૲һش
˵ʲôܸ̫ܲ˵Ȼ¶İɡ
СѾͷֱװһԲ
ˡ
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⻰˵ÿҲء
̫Ц˵ʵҪ˵
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գգۡ
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࿴ʱԥ£˵ͷ
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ͥ˲վֱ壬ر£΢롣
Ȼ˿
һԾҡͷҲ롣

һ˶ߣۣͷţȵȥƫ
ϥǡ
ʵʵվԭأǸȥˣӰȥƫȺ
ƫĶϣҡӻ˯
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ѵʲôĵ¶ˣ
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ϰ˻ϵֽšһȥͲᡣ
෭Щݣһţɫһ֡
ЩǸոλģ
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ͷԣִǳϵֽţʱɨһۣȷλõİ
ѵճλˣбĴ𣿡
ʵС
෴ʣ㻹ˣ
⡭ձƢĲ̫á
룺ЩӺǱ²𣿱ǲ뿴ȷһŰɡ
ֶˣñ׵ģɲ
ȷţȥ𣬶뿪ˣ֮
ǻܲ˸ľսˡ
ţһд£ҷһţ
ңֻǲñ
£ŽͣǶ˱²죬ҡ˵ˣ𷣡
Դ
⻰
ӣš
Ҫǲϲģҳٵˣ
һ⣬˲ͷϱˣŵˡ
ݣʵҲɣҲǰɣ
ĿĲӽԳָֻš
ˣ
ŵؽָ䶼Լ޹Ƶ
Ļ»ᣬô죿
㷲
ԼĻûκΥ£ɱ֪ĿĲֻô죿

Сһš
ҵʶһ
ҡҳҲ
Ļ
ҳ٣ܵľͳƸŮ˵
ôҾôң޶ס
˵ܵķ
ԴҪҡˣƴ֣Уĵ
˵˵Ķ
Ȥαһķл
⡭ô˵ʾ֭һ֮ܲ˵ɱвɣ
Ӱ죬ʲô
ڱľսСÿһζߣ༸ûж¶ɱˡ
£һܿݵľӲͷƤ˵ᡭ
䣬ߡ
һʱ֮䣬ȻǸӵʲô˼
һƬ
ֻů紩ö󣬾ųϵֽ
ҵͷ
۰ûڡ
𣡣ôģҲ˵ִʰ
Դ޲ʱ䵹ѸոʰȥԶҪǰչ֡
ƿߣĬغϳϵЩܼݵֽš
ڿЩʱЩŭֱˡ
ĳĬĵ
˺һСƤûп
˺һ
ϣֽŻܾС͵ż磬ӲŲҶ
һƬĬ
Ͳס̧ȥ
ѾűմīȫûбǾ仰Ӱ졣
סһ˺ֱ˳⡣
ȻһŸԴȥ顣
һ㣡ɵ˵ˣ
˰
С̧Ӱʧջߣջ˻
ݣᡭ
ظʣ
Сƭҡ
лҪ˵ǹϣ
һǵڷܵжˣ度
ӡ
ǻѽ~

 32 

̫Ƕ˵, ¿һһ, ȥ͡
ʢĸչ, ʣһβͣһ˿, ֻ绹ô˱á
ÿ׼һƸ֣ȥ̫ΪһС
ЩӶ϶ģҲ̫ܵշ
һ̫磬˿
ͥԣ̫ԼӣŻš
Цӭ
, 껨ɻÿ
̫ЩµҽӣϵĲݼ, Ÿˡ
ö, Ҳ, ̫, ȹڻǶһ۾Ϳ̫յһɽ軨
һ졣
̫, ý߿ɰ
ɲʱڻῪĻʢ̫ȻͶ˲Ѫ
ÿ̫
ϲȵͰȥСŮ, Ӵ㻨ݲݣ㡣
̫ϴ֣ʹŮһģζ
ڹŮҡȣ硣
Ů޼һֱˣԵˣĹһ

ֺã̫ףһÿɲǸƽƽ֣ں
ȴ
ֵȡģ常ȡģ
Сʱֻ֪ŮǶԼ׸ĸӡҲἰΪֹ֪ǺЩ常˵ġ
ǽʿĸ׷氢սĸѲ
常˹¿
̫壬̫Ҳ⡣
ô˵ʲôԣ
Ҳ̫˵ĲԣҲֵ֪ǡųڣ͵Լڵݡչ㸮СҵŮ˵ˣ֪мپͲˡ
ߣӲתˣ֪ȡģǸףߵĸ
̫˼
ԭˡ
⻰˵Щأ̫ܿ컻˻⡣
빬Ѿ£׼£
ƣûգۺ棬ѵҲҪ׼
̫ڿЦɵȻҪ׼ġֻ׼ĺˣŻЩ
ƶǶ˵ͷ
ȻˣҪЩʲôҪȥݷ𣬻뷨ʦռ
̫һЦ
˵ɵ㵹治
ݷģǼҼҶ˶Ǯ
ָ빬¶ҲǺʱ׼µʱˣԺԵʲôˣֻ߱²ϲˣ㵽ʱ׼ٺãҲȲˡ
Ϳˡ
ΪʲôʱйأйأԵʲôˣʲô˵
˵ĺ̫˵ģѵһ
ɻ
̫Ѿϸϸ̵
ǰЩӱ³鷱æһʱ˲ҲеġǵУȻ㡣Ҳǣ
뵽ʱʱеȥ˵ͷ
ǡ
Ͷ׽׽¡ʮ࣬ϥáֳ㡣˺ãԺãԱҲá
̫Цų룺˵һܵõһŪĻᡣ
Ѹո̫˵Ļعһ£ȻڷӦ
̫˵£ֱû뵽̫ͬ˼˵ôࡣ
Ȼأ
̫Ц˵㿴̫㲻֪ȵʱǲܳġҲǵСȵ̰ͼʣйôһκӡҲʱ˸ŮŽ;⹬л
̫ʵ̫Ͳʮ꣬ʵѾһѳɻ飬ʮŮƽ
Ҳ˵̫ŮʱҲࣿ
˵ô࣬ȥˣ
ѾǸʲôеʱˡҡҡͷǣǲһ
ҪͬģΪֹͱľ룬Ҳͬѡ
̫üͷһ塣
ôˣ㡭
СС˵ͬûкӵġ
̫ȣʲôǾȻûС
ԹԵ˵ͷ
⡭˺ÿֺãôãҲûС̫иӣȻ֣Ҳֱ¡Ҳס
ãȻ
ֱʲôˣôˣ
ҪһһģȻǻûеһǾ̽ޣ檣һӣҪЩĥϡܲһֱôȥ
²ںЩɲС㲻Щϲݺݺִ࣬ˡ
̫֡
Ҳ֪ǸƤĺӣ£ǲıẦһӡ
ˡ̫˼˵ڱߣ֮Ҫиӣ˺ӣ̫ӡ
ǣһ˼С̽ѽҲ˵ûڱá
ἰ飬뾩ֻܸ֮ؼˡ
ʱ˸ӣô죿
أһȴֺʼ
ס̫֡
ǣ
ԣ
*
Ůȥ²æ
Ǿͺá
вӣԸȥ
࣬ȥһˣ߱пգͻ
Ȼ󲹳һ䣺ܾˣʱͻ
ŮϥӦ£ǣˡǱʼΪûȥأ
뵽̫˵ģ˲ܼ̫ƵҪһʱļ϶ŻԵøá
Խգûȥ
ڷִյĸոպá
˷̫һƬģ̫רΪļʮ軨ܡ
Ĳô࣬ҪеЧɡ
˵ţ˵ڵ
ûǰЩôȡרŲһõСͥУˣֻʱ仹ǲϺ̫ãŪ̫Ļ
ڣӦˡ
*
ƣͷңһֽɡ£Ҳܲһء
ֽɡǰıӰ
ʢֻк¡һϮɫҲ£ѸٽµĮ
ŲѾˡ
ֻһ·ǿϣȵִСͥʱ۵
ûгɡһɫԸǱҪȵ࣬ȴ޸онӹĲݸ
Ҳ͡
ӣӹ빾ˡ
Ŷƫƫܷ
ʧˡ
ʱôģֺҪʱദϿʼʱȻҪͽԪһ·߹
ѹֵʱ࿴񣬳˸ӡ
϶֪Լ߹ͷˡ
Сͥ˹ŮǺܿ˵ص棬СϹˮһӦ׼ȫ
̫аĻ㼸ʮ裬ǿ޵ʱ
һ𣬵ȷʤա
ȴûмȤֳŶǣɨ۾ջߡ
Ǻ͹Ụ̊ɨۣȻ΢΢бСʣ£Ƕ𣿡
͵ػͷ
Сһ˿Ĳ˼
ݲ˼Ҳزãһ۾ܿ塣
ɡ
ͬˡ
̴칬Ů񣬴һ¡
ûˣ³һ΢һ㡣
ûãͬˡ
̫ʱ̫߸ŵ˹࣬СƤŲ˵źĶÿֻͱ¶˶
ڰ˶СͥȻأ
ͻͻ˿ܸ
ҲǾٰͻ磬ֻÿζڲУֻ֣֪Ϊ֡
ͻҪֵģ㿴һҿһۣôֵ
˰죬ֵķʽ֪Ļֻô򵥵ļ֡
ڣЩûʲô뷨ġ
̫ôɫޣذòĻУͻ洦Ļ䶼ûʲô
ĵģƺǲԶһ㻨Ǹʲô̬
¿ǾȤ
Сʡ
ƳһۣٿǼʮɫ죬ҲмֱµĻԡ
ԻȤʡ
ţԻҲϲһ㿴ƯĻôȤȤ
ǰɣԼĴ𰸶ȷ
ϲõ¸׼һԡ͵̧̧°ͣ⼸ʮĻۣҲ۲˵ġ
һʱ
ǲ˼ҵĻѽǰ̫˵ģҸ˵˵ֺһ¡
治顣
װ׶̫һ⣬һȴǺջ
Ųء
뿴ȥ̫ǶôУôר̫˰һ𡣡
Ǿţһᰮüζе˼
ôţڵķӦǲģǸִݻġ
ôֺ
Ŷ
ֻҸɺͱ³ˡ
ɥ̾Žǰװˡ
üȻסɥա 
ҶһĻҴȥط
ף
ãȻ·һδȥĵطȥ
Ӵ
빬֮䣬̨ͤ¥̨ͤ¥֮䣬ӣвͬ
ҪȥĵطƺԶǰ·ȹСԴһ·
ٵĹһңŵĴǶûһ
ĹǽشԽԽ
ûйˣеǽҰݣǽڰ߲ɫ緺ƵĻ
УȻǱ˵ĵط
ԽԽã
ֻĽŲͣЪʮ·ǽڵĴţִһһ޽ĵط
ÿ
Ұݷïҡҷ
еĻӭɫŨī̾ͣ۷价ƣһشػУгܵС
յķ磬մȾ޾ɡ
̤һ
ȻԷڸ߸ǽڶеĽҰ顣
ϲ
СҰȻЩﾫõƷҪҫ۵Ķࡣ
һ˲ͱϴ˫۷Ź⣬ȹܹȥ
㣬ȥ
ֹסѵСں棬ڼһ䣺ݴߡ

ǰ̤ݴԣŵûëһ̼ŲܣۼС
˰
ԴֱһͷײӲţļֱ۵õ˻һ
˱סĺ󱳣ֱӵ
ô
˼鼫ˣСֱӣĹȥ
䣬ԼԣǴ
Դ̧ͷ߷ߣ£
˵˴˵棬̫ˡ
ഹ
ӣ踺أû
Ҳұﰡ
Ǵ
ȵȡ΢΢§֡
ָţӽŲŲ
һˣ
գգۣãȻ̧ͷ
žડ
һüġ
գۼ䣬һһ飬̼ưá
վûпԶܵĻݴԱߣ̶һ͸˸͸
ô꣬ôװ
һϵ飬㶼ûض㡣

קС󣬽Ų١
ˮʪȹӣȹˮ̫أֻܲС鲽߿Щ
Ļ̫·ֻܶʪ͸˵ıӰһǳһŸ
ڣһͣµλãһɽɽ֮䣬һķ϶קȥ
µײײֱĺ󱳡
걻ڵ⡣
˳ԽԽıꡣ
ѡ
̫СˣתС
ȥüͷ
̫ˣҪ
һˣռȫռСͰͿĻıԵ
ѵתȻڸʯϣקֱӰС
뻳һ㶡
ˮʹʪ˵໳ʱ˽޼϶
Ҫࡣ۵һ˿ջٽ˸棬棬ڻУ泯żɽһƷ϶
ӺȦ־Ͱ֫
𶯡§ŻС°ʹļϣٶӳȥ
룬еҪгȥ˵ݻˣֱȴι̶ܶ֡
ĻУϵˮڵδȵǻ
ڵͼɽϣžأֻĻԶ
ߣ谭
ֻŵˣʪȴ̵ţƽ
żҪĻ̧ԼĶͷ
̡
꣬϶ˡ
ԣˡ
лҪ˵ǲǣ
ɣǣ

 33 

һһ
ıһӻĽޡ
Щ, һ뽪, ڴһ, ȷ˳ҲǺˡ
һֱæµ׼ڵĸ, ӰڼСû
Ԫλƫһžһ磬ھ͸Ž¡ڵҲƮƮɴʣԺĽڵ
˾ֵ˾Ů壬̯֣һˡ
˽Щ, ǳһ㡣
˷ֱ̧ܵȻһ£棿
СͰ뿤һֻһ, ȴǴ, ŹСЩ
ǰ, һʱûг, û뵽빬֮󣬾Ȼͷһ㡣
ȹӾͲóһ㣬˵ȴʱ, ֳˡ
ŮЦŴӦˡ
ЬӣūҲһ㡣
Ů˳˵ЩЩСҪū, ڣū澸塣
Ҫĵطˡ
ˣǻ䣬üλȥŴ
Ůʵ
ȥĸŮȥŴ͸硣
׼ŮٸڵѾҲæ
̯֣Ů⿪ϵʱ˾䡣
ˣūСүġ
͵صͷ
ǰϥŮٻͷڸ⿪ɫȣո˵˾ʲô
翿˹ӹʱ˵ǵܹүݵŮ٣Сү¹ԮרϵŮΪ˷¡
˳빬һжţ˾õ¡
ȴüչںˣŮ٣Ҫʲôˡ
ʣԶҲ£
ǰ˵λ֣ԵõѾܶˡ
Щ㹻ˣոŮٻ˵ˣ¶ˣ˷ѡ
ˣһ˴ôࡣ
Ů̧ͷ˷ѽ⡣
缱ˡ
ˣ˵ָ˺ͱ֮䡣
Ů壬һ߼¼һƽȵ˵ūڹж꣬ҲмõˣʹʲôҪģ˷Ըǡ
˸빬йر£йغ󹬣֪٣и֪ʹ˵һ
СүջϢ
Ĭ¡
ͨݸ빬ǰСˡΪĶʱڣ˾ǳɹȣ̫Զ
ΪֹҲȥ
һǱϲǣȴûʲôչ
żˡ
ڶûгɹ£ȷ⡣
ŮϥūѾˣūдõģ˹Ŀкϴδ
˵գ˫ֳһš
ӹһǱһҳ
Ϥּ
ἰѾ֪빬£ѯǷ񰲺ãµ֮ദǢǷѾἰһ¡
ǷС
С
ǰã̫Ҳ¡
ѵڶ˵ҪҪ
Ϊʲôأ̫ΪԼŮ֮󣬲ƽڹйȥΪʲôҲϣиӡиӵĻΣ
ֵ̫˼Ĭصţ硣
ȻȷūͷԸȥҲΪ˷ˣ죬ū澻һСŮҪʲôĶģǲϻ廨СŮһū澣ʲôҪū澵ģūҲС
䣬ƹ߽
Ůٴ˳ϥ
ûԸū澸ˡ
Ů໥񣬵Ůߺ󣬿Ц˵ˣû뵽˾ֵ˾ŮΪ£˾ÿˡ
Ŷ𣿡
ϵ½󣬺˾䣺λŮٺ
Ů빬Ѿʮ꣬ǹеˡͨ˾ƣȵ۹еɣɶŶŮԶ֡
˽һ㡣
ô˰
Ů˵ڶ죬һͲСŮ
λ֣˵гĸŮ⻹з̵СŮһ˾˾ӹʱֵģϡ档
СŮڿ죬ûվйŮǻˡ
ױױ̨ǰʱͷģСŮ
ūСʱ˾֣Ǹ˾Ůߵġūͷûȥ
˵ţСŮʮֵѸ٣һ١ͷȷãһ˿鷢ûС
κһ֮һϵСŮ˺
˹Ŀ
ҡҡͷͷϵķ̵úܽǲͷƤƮȻɣȷ֮ǰͬСŮǸʹġ
˽ѵô磬ȥ߶߶СŮЦţū澼شտˣǰȥ
֪Ұŷ٣ͭж
СŮϥȻ֪˲áū˵ˣȻ֪޲Եġ
˰Ϊͻ½ϴ꣬˻Ϊ˲һءСŮЦţӲ࣬˵Ķ˾֪
Ȼ˾֪뵽մ裬˼Сļɽ϶Ĭǰʱ͸Ͻҡҡͷ˲ˡ˿϶֪
ڵУҲƵûȥ͸͸ҲǺõġ
СŮȰ˼䣬ҲȰǰǰղţ⼸ЩˡҲѾüûгˣˬʣ˲ȥߣ
ȷмûˡ
жˣԸȥ˳ŻĵطһȦ
ʱҲмȣã£ůأ
СŮǰ·ǸģܶЦһ·һ·
ˣǰǷˣһŸ߸ߵϹһǧվǧϵܿǽء
ǽ⣿
ȤСŮ·
ǷԶŶҪǰˡ
֮ʮֵĽ
ﲻǺǵĵ̣һ̨¥󣬲Ǿס֮ûʲôš˵ֻϾˣġ
СŮǰ·ܿҵֻǧ
ǧƺģ²ƹһȦ
治
СʱҲǧֻԺǿͿգˣĸ˵˿ȥ
棬ҲûпԹǧ
û뵽еǧ档
ǧһ˸ߣҪ²ŵʲŹšǧԣŵи߸ߵԲĵʡ
ž۲ȥ
˿Ҫץ˰
ڲĿǧˣǧ̫ߣҲΣգǵһҪץεġ򲻿֡
˷ܵصͷ
˫ץôߣ֣ɾˡ
СŮûأơ
ǧһΣرۣ˶ƮƮġ
ŵţǧԽԽߣеʧصĺ£е˷ܣۿ
ǰߺͣһǽɫߣһǼɽˮٸһ㣬·͸߸ߵĹǽĳˮ
Ȥģ
ÿġ
ţ߸߷ۣ񿴼ǰˡ
һУΪ׵ĸߴһ£šüֱֱ
ȻǱ
ʱôˣ
ϽԸŮٷٶȣǧŵԽԽͣһ˵ĽŲҲˡ
մǧ˹󣬳⣬һ
ɨǧɫ̫á
¡
ϥȻĳ˹֡
ˡ
Ϥ
Ѹٷֱ̽ţ״˺á
ǳҲһ
û뵽˾Ȼǵáû˵꣬ת˲죬ʶ˺һ
̧
˴ûм档
һεļ棬ۡ
ҵ֪ӡ̡
ߴãѾжϳһ̺ܲġ
£ֻǶУ֮ǰһΰ״˵˶ѡ
С͡
ߣҲû˵ǲš
Ǳ£ʱôͰ״ˣ
ƽռ뿪ġ
յǴˡ
ˣʵǳۣȰ³һߡͥЦżȻ̧ۣǧϵˣͳˡ
Ȼôɣ
˵Щ㱵ġΪȵʱڵһλӡ
λҲǰ٣ǧϸ߸ߵŮ·㣬ʤա˸ոҲ֮ˣóһʱϴˡ
ŮһƴЦ
ͥһ仰Цˡ
߽˾֪ǳϴˣϾλӣѾˡ
Цݽǣֵؿǰ״һһϣ˵°룬ײˣҲǲܵġôţȰ߽
ӣһʲôа֡û뵽߽˲ŷ֣Ȼˡ
ѾֱˣʣǸӡѾûˣջǡ°룿
°룬Ŵ󿪡
ֻôһ룬ͻ䡣
ˣǵġټ⸱磬ʵǻΪλջãҹλϻˣܻ׽һ
ᡣ
Ĳ֪ٺÿ̹ȹÿϵķҲÿÿ
ңҿɲλ׽
״Цˣкѣ߰ٹ֣ڱ಻ͺ𣿡
ԣŶ
Ȼ֮ǰ䣬Ҳǿűһġ
°룬Ŵ󿪡һˣǸӻ᲻죿
밡
ú¡
ȵĿࡣ
¡֣Ѿɵ˵ĿǻžƵģ߶££ɲԣɲԡߣ
лҪ˵ʱļˣ
һҶŶ~

 34 

ྲͥº͵˵ֲĻ, ɨһֵҡҡ׹
µúˡ
°, ڡŵĹײģ, СҼҵģȷµ, ڲԾض
ˡ
ƵĿͥͥǳʧԣŵˣǳ֮
Сģִ̫˴Ķͷ
õʱŻ
ȴҲû˵ӦǲӦ
ͷ
ЩȻ
е㡣֮ǰҼ࣬õ˼ҡ̫ˡ̫ˡ
, ҪƤġ°룬Ŵ󿪣ҹһİŮ̸ġ
۰Ͱ͵ض, ЩεǸ׼ѽ
ͬ⣿ߡ
۾һ, ɿͷǣ
Ҳͬ, Σ
С˪Ƶ, һء
ˣ΢һ¾ǡҪӦ
Ǳ²ͬ⡭
ʱˡƺǾ˼ǣҧŴ, Сȴ
ˣű£ڱҲһ
ԪλþƫЩһͬû˵Ĺ, ˵ֻǸȵ۵ĹھҲô죿
ѵҪɨӭһŮҹ
ҪҪԲҪ
ǲĹҲãȥɴߡԶЩᡣ
ңӵ޵϶ȫıݣڱߣڵϣȻԪҪȫ
ôһ룬һӾһȷĿꡣ
ͬȻãͬҲ
üʻ˵Ļ
ˣмȤ
˵ȷ𰸣ƳһۣŹת
ȵȣĲһ𣿣
ˣ˲æȹŲҴҸࡣ
˳ȥͰͥע⣬һ˸ߵ棬⿴
һԶľ룬ֻܿڳдʲôͥᳯƤһֱڶ˵ࡣ
ֻǸ塣
ֿϣĬĬΰ״뿪
ԸΥ
ͥһֱ˵ˣûһͨг
Ʋּ硣
ӹڵУЩԥ
¡⡭⡭
ӵ߳Ʈȥ
˵ġ
˲ͷ۽ܿһĨӰӡ
СɵӣԼصжá
ǡ
ֻܼװûӰ
˸Ƿ
Ѿһ޵棬ŷˡ
һ磬Ѿ˰ǰ֣ͥ˳˵ڡ
ˣԵĿͰ״뿪Ȳմյǰ
¡˴еĲ˰뱭裬ɵúܡ
רѧˣ£ź򣿡
ʱţѾ΢Ⱦһɫһʱͺˣ뿪벽
಻ÿɷ
ߵ߶ڷˮȴöã£ţԲĵϣ˫
æţȥȡʲô򣬻Ƿʲôӡ£ߣԱ߻ˣֻ޲ȥԼҼϡ
ҹǶ׼ţ»ذʱȲסˣæץס½ǡ
£
㷲ʣңҿԸűȥ𣿡

ŵ۾գһ𰸡
㡣

ģĽźಽ
˽ͣͣ
ҪɣϽͣ½Ųضࡣ
ãû˵ʲôǷ˽Ų
߳ȥ岽Сϡ
ϡѾʱˡ
⴦ŵƣֻ֪Ϊʲô·ĵʯĵоůƣЩࡣ
ҿ
ˡ
¼ӿ첽ࡣ
ҪŸŽż⡣
º
ˣһ죬Ͻ٣ߡ
һֱײϡ
Դͷࡣ
ãײ˵ûƺ˹ǡ
ŵƵǲ֪Զһء
ϡҹնһ˿⣬һ·ߵϵȾ˺⡣
ĴŶΡ
һΣſ
ǰſȥ¡
ǵõ棬Ů˵أ֮ˣֱܻ˼
ڵƻѾͨ˲ͿżǱŤơ

Խȥ
˵ȥ
ӵ޹
ǵһ
ǶֶסԪöࡣ
Ĵأ˵⹪ӭ
һ·Žڵ
ŮٴСŮһͣ棬ûнȥ
޵зڶࡣ
ףϤģ̷ǡˣҲǴ̡
һжİġԪȻͬǲȾ䡣Щ
ڴеĲܾͬ߶һеǶ
Ǹ񡭡
˳Ŵ̵ɫȥվǶ̯֣Ķ
ڵȴŸ¡
ֻ˶ûǰ׷׸۾

ź¡
ǸչԼõĺûᣡ
Ͻǰ
£
Ը¡
˵ûôӡĸҲġһ죬ͷָ˰죬ҵţһ½⿪˸
ŸѾж̵˹ȴ
Уһ
ұߵϵã⿪ˡ
½ֵߵϵ
⿪ˡ
ɫ£ǰɫ¡
Ͳö˰ɡ
˺һ
׼õأǰ߳һŸһ
ԡҲҪһ𣿡
ְ̧סСţܾš
תơ
ȥԼҸƫš
ĵػͷʣ£ҿԡ
ԡ
ͷҲأֱӾܾ
ӡ
죬ж
ˣܹ鲻Ԫ
޵ӣŮǿ϶档
ˣ롣Цúƣ
ŵŮһ졣ȱڶŮҲеΡ
ôͲڱǶء
˰һķ٣Ѿ߸ĦͷƤҲΡ
²ţôѽҲ
Ȼ޵ǿ϶Ǳµ߸á
СŮʰΣһ
ѵͱͬ𣿡
룺ͬһ𣿡
СŮ˼
ƫסڴһʱǰ˽ɨ˳ĵȥԪȡһЩõΡ
Ҳ籸á
ڵһݣ̾
ˮ£رۡ
ѾߺСŮڳرߣĨ顣
˵׼ƫ𣿡
СŮСЩҲѡʻֻ棬˵ǰ
ϲ΢΢˶١
ʵū澾ţǱµޣӦͬһô˻ûкͱ¡ͬ𣿡
Ի󣺡ѵӦͬ𣿡
СŮʵʵˣˣѾ檣̷ʲӦõİɣ֪
Ŷü
ǴһʼҲû¶Ҫͬ뷨
ͨݸ˹һֱǲһġ
ͬͬѾǼˡ
һΣԱһŴҹͱ˯һΡ
֮ҲûᵽЩԪҹҲˡ
˵ⲻһ˲֪ǱҲ֪
Ȼ˶֪Ͳˡ
Ҳû˼ܱܲű°ɡ
СŮˣΪΪ·æһʱ˲ϡ̷˵ı֣ô͵أ
͵
ȣ͵
̫Ӧˡ
淴˼һ£Ȼ»һء
ݣ๾ء
͵͵ɡ
ˣʵūΪ˺á˿֪ܲƫסȵ۵һóɡ
СŮ˵ţ͵ػͷҵĴˮ棺˵˵ˣûסˣ
СŮæڵϡ
ūûк˵̿˵ĲƫԴӱµǻȷûס֮ǰȵ۵ĳ˾ס
ûἰΪްˡ
Ӳˮ
ĴڵȻҲһ˿֡
֣һѾŮ
ū˵ˣ˵óʱ裬ǽϱúõģ˼Ƥá˱͵СһСײˣǲ̫
Ӳ
ҵӲС
ҴҳԡѣͷСŮš
СŮ֪̫࣬Ҫ
СŮôһţϴֱñӸͷ
£ѹñǽʵʵ©һ϶
һһŮˣһקÿıӡıӾһأ
߶ڱţ滹Ů߶Ķ
ȻͰ
Ͽ˯˯˾ͺˣ
ۣԼ˯
ֻԽ˯Խ˯ţоǵʵʵı棬Ȼһ硣
أŮ˰ɣ
ᣬ۾յýأۡ
һۣͺһŮ
˯˯ʲô룡
˯û߶£Խ˯Խ䡣
Ĵġ
ˣӴĵط
СŮĻͰͥ˵Ļһֱ졣
Ǹŷٵɣסˡ
˯ȥˣ
͵ۡ
˯ȥԼܰԼ

߶¹˱ӣŽ˴
ʮְ
ݰղͬ
һ˿˯}ûŵ⡣
Ҷ࿴һۣ֪ԼѾ߹Ůʲôطͷ塣
֮䣬һֱͨеСȡ
˱ӰԼصʵʵһ·Сȣźڿ
һİ
ƾ䣬˳ҵڵλá
齡齣µĴ
ŽڵߣһûС
ﶼǺģۣǰС
ŵߵʲô

ǽ̤
۾һ
סǶûһϷ˾ȵĺ
ˣ

һ뱻ѹ£һ뱻ӹϡ
õҹˣȻĶˡ
ˣ첻ߡҪѣͼװԼ֪
죡
°Σ˯ӽ£Ů϶棡
һ뵽˯ͷȫһ
ڿԺú˯һˡ
ۣһ̣һֻ˳ֱӰ˹

ŵüɤۣǵڱĴ齱ߣҷֻŵûɢ
ֻ§ӽ̤һӵ
ˣ
ߵ
̫ˣ
ҹвδۣ˯ŵģȴŰЦ
ǺηСô޵ʲô
һ㶡
Ŷҹ°룬Ŵ󿪣
϶֪˯ڲ뵽ҹǱ롣ôԱ˵һ֪С
̫ˣϲˣ˵Ĳ֪С
ֻǣô˵źá
ſ˵ǰҧָ˰졣
ȵȣһûᣡ
Ȼ뵽ͺͱֻͬҪǲǾܸ߷ˣ
ſ˵ļŬȥͷµ
ˣ
໡һСӹ
øоˣһͷû뵽һ
ոգˣ
͵ۣ۵ûһ˿˯⣬Уһ˿
ԭҴģȻǸСɫ
лҪ˵ˣһΪֳѽ

 35 

ŲССɫ
з, ȴΪſ, §, ãֻʱ
ǲǸҸ·ˣ
Ļ, ΢Ҳûйϵɡ֮ǲñϳģ
أǸùҾλ˯ңȻҡҳ㣡
ıһ˲͡ȻӲȥһЦ⡣
˵λãϣ
˯Ҫҡ, Ǹù
ҪȻֱȻûз˭Ķˡ
̫, öˣ
Ҳ˷
, 㲻
֪СǺѽ, ô׵ĺͱ˵ˣ
켫ˡ
໹
Ҳ, 
治ѽҪôźã

ԼģǱġ
϶ˡҪ, Ҫ͡
˳ɿջ֣ͷϾô
ʮֻǵӵס
ϵĺڵϹ, ʲô϶Ҳıˣôһ϶֪˭
þͺܰˣ
ϣ
׼ȴȻѹһѰסһһϣƺڵϹ䣬ʲôûá
˲䲻Ҷˡ
ôôȻˣ
ȥѽܲ˯ϰɡ
˵ȣ˰ɿŲĴӱһࡣ

һ˵λ⣬ȥˡ
Сࡣ
ܲܰСҲקѽ
ͱ˸һӣоֵֹġ
ңҲܸһҪǱӰɡԵģ
ǲСĶģ䣬㣬ҰѵϵıӼңҾ㲻㡣
װһ׵ӣɤӡ
Ҳƽˣף˵öԡ䣬ȷܶ㡣
ȻֱƿӣһС˽ȥ
ر˱һʱţƿȻ뵽ھͺá
ǣǡư
ұıӣζıȫһ
棬ͺǱϢ
ϣһֵ֡ĸо
ҶſǶƬ̡
ҲˣǲС
ſһʵǱܲˣһء
~
Դˡ
ƺѾ˯ˡĶûе¡
˯˺ѽǲȥ߷ˣ
ϲ˲䡣
ոòã
ӣ׼Ķй硣
һ׼ȷĺϣΰԼ۴
ٲʵԿ
ӻɽšˣ
һǷˣǹĴأ
ֻҪһƣ̫̫̫ˣŲҪأ
Ӿͳʵˡ
ۣһ¡
Ů㣬ͬ˶߷硣
һֱĵģѹ̫һ۾˯ˡ
ĺ𽥾ȣ۾

С˯úܹԣǱŵǸơԹļԣ˫ǰӸһţƴģССһš
ռء
ĺᡣ
ֻǹѾϤ˵㡣
ྲС￴á
Ȼ֣ϴ˴
˵Ѷ˵䣬ôĹ
϶вȥˡ
ôľ룬Ȼͬͬ
Ŷĸ첲
СѾ˯Ժˣֱסĸ첲ģ˲䡣
һ
ԭѾԽС˯ߡ

ˡ
Ǹ϶һ֮塣
ⲽ壬ˡ
*
ůͣ˯ˣϰڱ˲䣬ţ࣬硣
ǣˡ
۴˸ǷѾʱԵɵۡ
İĴ齣İĻϤĹŮź
Ȼסˡ
ӲŲӣءػͷ
һֻİ
ͷŵĵطһѡ
ɫġ
ǰһڡ

ģ
ô˯ͷˣ
ĹŮˣ
Ӳظ£Ȼضſࡣ
ü۲º͵ķϴ
ȻİĹһӦҲڡ
֪ʲôʱġ
ʣҲ롣
Ĭùţ̷Ƕһ࣬ƺʱûһ

ǲǵģǴ͵͵ѽ
ýָͷˡƫ򾲡
ûһἰΪʲô˵õˣ
ϽߣϽߣ
ˣ
*
صԪ׼²ߡû뵽Ȼ˯š
ҹ˯ءá
˾ͻõȹΣŮ١
ŮһСŮ¡
ūź˸¡
һҶɫĺȹ˿ȹһҶ
ɫȹȵǡôɫҲҫ۵ɫ
ɫģûôŮԷ£ˣ治ɫū澶һ䣬ǰ˰
һЩŤŮٸӿĸۣᲱӡ
š
ڵеûšһС£˭֪
ԺѵҪУ
˹ܱ³谮ɲ˭ȥġ
Ůϵĸֶۣ¸ȹڡ
ű¶˻谮˲׽׽£Խ׽£Խ谮ˡ֮¿ɳɡ
⻰ö࣬ҲЩ
֪ˡ
˿ǲϲū˵Щū˵ЩСүԸġСү˵ճ£ȴƮѩ˻ظף꣬үɨĹ
еĲϲ΢ѹѹ
ڶյһѩʱֻÿϸæ常ȥѲӣĸ׼ڣһ춼ĸԸȥһɰ档
꣬常
ûµʱˣ
ġ
ңȻǸЩƢ׵ˣڴϣ
ʮ
뵱Ļ˵࣬оһ㣬˵µ۶Խɽ⣬Ҳ磬ɽӣ˱
ʼ˵ɱɱҲǵӼˡ
⼸¿һˡд㡣
ǵĲͬ²ͬҲġ
ȥһ㣬һĺõ
ֻҪúøһֱҵҵϽƽ¿϶ýȥ
ȥұһΣҪúø˵һ˵¶
䡣ʱգһأܲ䲻±꣬һ·ϻĵġ
˼ߣ˿
հأһ㶼Ĺ⾰
գƺܲѽ
££ϵĶֻôһ
ϤЦˣȥ
ˣгǰ£ںԺ󡣡
ˣҲгʱ·Ӳƹȥů⿪˶񣬵
ŮůůĲ貢һĸ㡣
һڲ裬Ÿ㣬⡣һֽڣںвٵĳš
գҪҪǲǿһ
£ڶһһСϾɱǱµֶѵû𣿣
һϳӣʮ㡣
һڲû³
λˣѵ֪λǱ𣡵ô೼ӵָͲһ̣ͱ
ļˣ²벻
Ҧ̫ˡֻǽСֶ߻ˣкδ
һȻһƽ͵ġ
ôָû
һӶϳӳ˾η棬СǰֽڣӺ̽ͷȥ
Զ
ֻܿƺޱ飬ʲô
ڹ˲ٵĳһվŵģأͷӵġ
λؾҦ̫˰ɡ
ʵǸҾϻӵΰˣ
ֻţ
ܿģҦָ̫֣ŭһСߵĸ׼׽µǰֶǵʲô񼫵ķˣ
ҲЩٽ硣
޵ͼ
µͼǽѪɱ

ʲôһĳӣô
ĸ׼
ûãϳ֪ԼѪɾ޲ȫѪˣ
½ձµϳϳҪ˵ı¸ã
ԶԶأ˱ۡ
һɲһ˿˿ѹü
ûԼʲôͱӷӦ졣
˵˵¸ɸɾڮңңϾҪˣ
˵ڣӦӲͷƤԼԱ˵Сӡ
ϣϣ£Ҷѽ
лҪ˵һ~
ߵӰɣᾡģ
Ŷűһ˵ÿһ߸֣ͷζQAQ

 36 

һƬҡ
ŶӰɤ, š
ѵλˣ
λ˾ȻУ
Ҧ̫, ¶ˣ
ˡ
˵ʲôĶС
졣, ٶһȽϴĺ
ֽڱ
ֳŻڣͷ
ǸЩǿһֵĺͯ
۵
ȴôᡣ
һ㶡
, صͷ
ҲҲǡ
㰡
ƺЩεش˴ü䣬Сۣʵʵû

նˡ岻һ£ݵ⴫
Ƿ׷׹ǣ
ΨҦ̫λͷӵϳŲӳ߿ոջһҪ־˼Ҳ˵ǡ
ֽڱϡ
û, ڵĴǷ׷˳
˺
Ӳˣ
üɨĶӡ
֣ĲˡЦ, ոպǳԵе㲻̫, , ͺȻһŶ
ĺϡ
, ֪
΢΢˹ԼС
Ķͷǡ
ģظһΡ
֪
С, ˣά
ָо

һձҪ鸴ӡ
С, ֪֪Լʲô
سһССڶײǻһˣֻ鷳
ů齣ռˡ
ոձŶӺ۵ʵʵԲĵʣգۡ
Щʣֲʡ
Ǹ˵Ļ̫ˡ
֮ʣҲˡ
׽ģ̬ȡ
ȻûаǸ˵۵ĴƳȥɱˡһ仰û˵
Դﶼκġ
֮ǰƳն׵Ĵ󳼣Ƿʲô췴ıĴ
ҾôĻ˵ǱˣǱѰҪȣ֮ġ
ⶼܲƽϡ
ŶģĿݡ
ֱӰק˹
Ϲĥʲôء
ʡ
Թ䣬ȴˡ
ûʲô˯һɡ
˵ȴ޽Ǻ׵أ档
棿
˵
ȻеģǺµЩ£ܾţˡ
ܾ֪Ĵ̫ˡҸһ򵥵顣˵ʲôԽܵ顣
ʦ
ûʣĬһ˵
Сʱδ鷿ʦѧ󣬻͵͵ƵסĹʶ顣
Ǹֱ֮ˡֻЩ̰ˡ
㵵̧ͷ
ûжٱ飬ֻһ򵥵Ĺ
ǡǡ
һͷļǴź
Щȵˡ
֮⣬ط֣ı˵ԣ顣
겻ˡ
ɺ޶õ̫٣еһ֮֮飬ǵá
еѹ
֮ǰЩ̶뷨ˡ
ٵһš
Ҷûˣڲʲô
˴üġ
ܿˣͷ
֪
֪
*
λҦ̫ǸʲôˣǸ죬̫һ躣ľʱˣ̫˵ġ
ȻҦ̫
̫ٳ̫Ҳż߶Ԫһ
ĶǸºͺ͵ĳģа˽ӣ
ἰҦ̫Цҡͷ
Ҧ̫ɲǸ򵥵ˡ
ʱҦ̫ѾԪ״Ԫɣ˺ԺŸ߰˶һ˰ʱȵûٲֻҦֵʱĳֱֱĳвŵģȵҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
겻ʮ͹ٰٸλӽѧеĻӼù񣬺һʦ
ʵǸʮǰսңǰ߾һ֮õһݴƽģַĹ顣
̫֪ĵѽţ˺ͻͷӵϳˡ
ԭ˼ңʱҲǸ
ջڹʱҦ󵱸ƨ档
ἰˣ̫˻䡣
ҦҦ̫СŮҦŮУһ
Ŷ
ſǶۡ
ոҲǸ㣬ʮǰҦ̫ǰȥʹ𣬵Ҧ͸ȥʱŲʮͣҦ̫ͬϣϷŪͬʱ۸˶˻ȥʱϢؾУж޲塣
ʮͷСŮңϷˣǻӵģҪ档
û뵽̫еҦ㣬СС;ôϻеʶ
ľУ˵ʵйŮҦѡţǰӵȫСáСһ㣬棬Ҳ˼ƨ档
ֱҦޡ
ôеʶıŮӣ޸ʲôأ
漫ˡ
˼ҵŮĸ֮ý֮ԡ֮ǰܼϼΣѾǼеĿˡҦ㲻ͬҦ̫ʱʮִ󵨣ֱԼŮѡѡ˭
ؿڣԼ
Ҧ̫˾٣ȻԼŮѡ
λҦ㣬ѡ˭
̫УȻһ˿ˡ
ĬƬ̡
ˣѾȥ飬ˣͽġ
ܶ𣬺ЦֻҪ֪Ҧ̫ʱ˵ΪвҲҦ̫ǣ
˵գ˳ת˻⣺ۿžҪˣҪһٳ磿
ںû˵Ļ
ֻǿ̸̫ܶģڼɻʲô
ʣҲֻ˳̫Ļתơ
磿
ǰ̫ЦѽҲû̫ӣڹ٣ĳҲ࣬ǲôӣһü
ţҲһѣϤϤҲá
Ծҡͷ
ȴġ
ٳִ£Ѱ˼ҶֻеĸǲٳּŮȥġ
̫ڰѳֹ̫ٳֲӦġ
һССˣǸȥҲЩԽˡ
ο
а룬ųԳԺȺȲ
£ûо
һϽĶûеˣ˳Ķ㿪ࡣ
̫Ȱ˼ҲȰҪһϻ£͡
Σ̫Ҳֻˡ
Ǻã㵽Сǳ빬Щǿˡպǣǲһʱֻú׼ʰԼʱű³ϯ˼㣬ҲҪмִӡ
ýȥʵʵͷ
̫б̫ȥ
ڼϣۻ˯
һ̸£ơ
أ͵ۡ
ָץżߵķ֡
ȵȣˣ
۵һ˿˼顣
̫ʲôˣ
һŮæʡ
̫ҧ˴Ĭ죬ȴȥûʲô
һ·̫ʼüͷ
ˡ
һμʱϤĸоǴӺζ
лҪ˵ٺ٣ٺٺ١
ĸ£ʮŶ

 37 

, ϸԽԽࡣ
ܾһĻˮ
ſڴǰ, ̾
ġ
, Ų㡣æڳ̫æ, ȴ¡
ȻЩе̫Ȥ
˽ѣʲô£
Ѿ߸϶ڴرߴ˺䡣
ֻѾߣŮǶһţжξ롣
˵ֺͱֵ𣿡
Ѿ㶡
Ҳڵֵܡ
үȵ۵õܣ͸һ, ֵСүͱ£ָһ㡣
˵, Ҳ׽Ĺϵˡ
Ͼ׽, µ۵ǻʱ, ͱĲˡ
˼
ʵ, ˷ֵܹϵҲԶվѽˣһᣬñµֵһף, Ҳûд
һΪҦ̫˾¶ˣ㲹ȡ
ʱ, ʪģҲЩˮĳ˲ôˬ
ſڴأ룬Ҫգ˵ɡ
ûת硣Ůǽڵı챧̯ͥɹñĴţůůأܰɹ˯š
ǰÿŮ˸СŮȥյûгʳУȥˡ
ֺҲҪֺ˵ļɡ
һʱ˲¹ﲹһòˡ
μһεĽѵһǰ˱µʳȷûκײʳģŸװʳ
һǵһǣñθۣĻ
ˮĹǽһ˿峺˻ҳζһ˿ˮع𻨵㡣
ڡ
СҰںСóȵð˲¹׼ȹȥࡣ
ֳŶͷַһĿƵĲӣɫŲôá
£˲ȵһٿ
ůζʳǹѾ硣Сӵı¡
˳Ʒ²
Ҳá
ǰСݣԳ˵⡣
նһӤʣװ۵ģźܺ
æʢһݸ
³ǾźúȣҡҸٸ
Եθۡ
һٻУ첹ñָôҽˡ
ೢ˳
Сշ棬û˵
õʳĲ޲ȴŷģڸϸĲͬ
һܿꡣ
ůůһ¶ǣ˭ҲĶһ˿ɢ
࿿Űθ֣ۡ
ùŮʰСȻŲŲŲýô
˵µĿζҼеİֻ񡭡
˸ͷ͵ۡ
۵ף޸ոյƽһЩηķ
һ仰û˵ڡ
Ұ֣ôһĲͬѰ
뷨˵Լǰգϸ֮ǰա
ѵչ㸮˼ûаƴ䣬ȴûôùݣʼ벻
ʵʵҲ֡˿ڣһһõܵģϵΪǢ
ԣᡣ
򴽽ǣӲͷƤԣԣµֵܡ
û顣
üһ仰˵Ļ
˰졣
ʵҲڡһûаɣ
˵ģµ֮䡭
Ŷˡ
ľ뵽ֻһ壬Ϊµ۶û˼
ˡ
˵УҲôһ
͵̧ͷ
Ȼ뵽ˣ˵ľ֡
ǣ𣿡
ƾ赱޵ϣĳһǡ
ɫЩˡ
㵹֪
Ҳ޹
ֵĻרָµߣ˵һ˵ϻңǾˡλǸĽɫôϧˣȻӼǵεġ
ֻڵĸоҪűˡ
ᵽ֣ôˡҪȥչ㸮𣿡
һ⻰ԴҪҡӰˡ
ˣû˼
չ㸮
˭ȥ̽һ֪Ǹðģ
۾
ˡ
£ּ滯ľ棬ȥˣûĺùӡ
СѾŵ촽ˣƿߡ
͡
סĻ˵
Ҳƽϡ
ֻǡһ̫˵˶þѽˡʱҪ׼磬ԣҲ뵽ߵˡ
ԣʮӦ
˭㡭ˣ
ȴ΢΢üͷ
ɵˡ
ѵ̫˵궼ˡ
궼˵ȵۡƳۣСԲ֪롣
֪顣
㣬˵Ǽ磬ҿмˣ
סˡ
µ۵ǻʱҥԴǵء
˶֪ȵۣλֵܣﲻվߵģһ˲١
ҵģѾֻʣȼˡ
˵̫̫СĸѪԵϵģĶ󣬲Ÿҫ̫ŮҲ㲻ļˡ
ϵõֻӣ磬̫µˡ
ֵ㿴ҿ㣬ϯֵģԴˡ
ôһ룬˼Ҳÿ
·Ǹˣµ۾ǹ¼ҹˡ
ˣôᵽء
챿֪ôοࡣ
磬ʵҲûʲôõġ²ϲͲˣҲʡ¡
౻仰ˡ
ʡ¡
˵óڡ
ȴֱס򢡣
Һһ¡
ʲô
ѾϰǸץ°͵֣ˡ
һۡ
ͺӡ
Ȼˣ죬Ͱɡ
ȴ⧲Ŀࣺʲôӣ
ǵһĨȣͷƤ飬вٴ밲ʻǷ񰲺á
ˣ޵ĺɻã
Ҽˣ
*
̫Ĳٳɵ׼
ŮǱ׼УҶɫȹʺϣƫ̫ʱἰҶЩ̫ʺ˵ݣ˾һɫĵȹϯʱ
˽ԼĹʱ²ñܻʲôֻȻǼ磬ҳڣٵĹػҪ
̫ۣһӦȫѡ˹ȥȷûԽĲС
㵹ǰףɫÿȹ˼磬˾Ƹȹ
ҲϴδҶȹŷԼȹģҲÿŮҰΣͷӦˡ
Ƥĸף㰢
̫״Ʋʡ
ԥ¡
ûмԼĸ׸ף֪Լ˭
ɡ
̫ߣԲ˵ֻǴС٣Ҳǲˡ
̫૵ˣ㻹
УЩˡദΣ
תʵ
ֻչ㸮˿ںʱľˡ
ĸ׺õ֡˿ͦġദĻԼദĶһЩ械׽ǴҴȰĸعЩ
һĸֻչ㸮ǸǵĸĸŮģǿúˣ̫ôദû˵ˡ
ˡ̫üͷ
̫˵ʲôδ塣
ûʲôǾܰŮõ˼ң治ˡ
Υ͡
̫ǰС۵峺ĴȻҲα첻ĸɾ
С˼ҵŮôɾ
˵չ㸮Ļ˼ң
̫ʵ
ɾסˡ֧֧졣
СС̫ǲ֪ġ
ⲻ˵Щ强Ұˡ֪֪ˡ˵̫Цš
Ŭ䡣
ͷмҶԱߵҡ
ԭȴǴСԶģѹƤϸۡ
̫һ¡
*
硣
һͱŮٽױ硣
ϯ磬Ҳһǰ֣иѧʡҡõ͵˾˼صĹŮŮٴźױ
˸ٺ٣ʤ廨䣬ز
ɫȹصŮϵһɫУ׹һöǳ۵
һױ棬һʱ
ʲôʱʼ
˫ֽϥϣͷ϶˼ΣᣬеѹˣֻŲӡ
ˣһδʱʱĩ
һ¡
ڲǲʱĩ𣿡ͷ͵ء
һʱʱ䣬ھ׼ˣܶදȹޡ
ѵҪôһֱӲһʱ
Ůȷǵġ
ˣһһΣһ̡
Ƕǰ
ÿһ궼ٰĵص㡣
˼ߣƫȺ
ƫܿѾúõĳء
˸̨ϵ⣬ҵһиϯλڶҲϯλ
ǴϯλϯⳡˣͳҲʮˡ
⻹ǰ̫ġ
Ůһ𻨸⣬ӡ
ϾҪϯ𣿡һ㣬⡣
ˣϯ䣬ǳԲõġ
ŮٵĻشܺ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôԲŮٶôˣһӵĺá
һ𻨸꣬ҲѾϯˡ
ǴһҺŮ졣
ʹģԼСġֱ׳ģ
ֲμӼղͬЩҴӽһǱһȻ
˵μӼģһɥı룬˵μģʡ
еĹ𻨸Բȥˡ
ѹֱ²ٰ磬ѹ˵ֻһõܡ
Щһ㶼ѱµˡؼҵĴӣǶƽʲô̬Դ£
Ųӵ
ʲô
أ
ϯУĸλû֮⣬λöѾˡ
УȴҲһӵˡ
Ǳ׿ڳϣΨһõˡ
ڣر΢ܵɡ
ӵƺδ
Ůٿ˿
ƫڣæµһ̫Ҳˡմı֣ص㣬Ҳʮֵĵ͵ֻ۵һ˿죬˷ۣǿó
ҶˣҲȥˡ
ǡ̫ƫ
̷ǹ̫˵
̫ϴһ˿ǳЦͶ㶼ز
öڿ
ûҴȥһ·Ŀ⼸ϣвͬȴǴ˼ǵĴ
ʣµλöǰֵ̫һֵһλá
̫󣬻󣬸һȱ
ûеˣš
ӻûгλãûбĿȱˡλУһӵģǻһλ
ܲ˵
͵ػͷ
⣬һȹͷݻεĹױŮӣ
лҪ˵Ǵֳһ ԼϾŵŶ

 38 

һֱǸŮһ
λŮűϼ, ʮֻƺҲʶ, е
, Ȼ֣ôҲˡ
ڶ̫ûѹס, һ仰еߣˡ
ܲˣ˭
λȹŮλ
ĿбӣȻȻ
ֻ̫һס
̫ò
̫ЦԵýӲ
òˣܲˡ
أҪȥǺŮӣЩ˼
ʱ, ½
ӭ
Ź򣬸̳ףʡ
, λܲ, ܽŮ
ŮٳŸʱ, һѹѸ˵Դӱµǻ, һֱסڳƵ㲻Ҳδȥ
ȻƮܲˡ
ӱǻ֮һֱں󹬡Ҳд˰ɡ
ʱ㲻, ҲûмһˣǶİ
ô빬, λܲ˾ǲڣἰ֡
Ȼܵ͵û˵Ͳżį
ţȻϵĺȹ

̫˵ȹ檿ԴġҶȹӶûдΪ˱ܻ䡣λܲȴܴɫϯ硣
Ҳ봩
Ϊʲô֮ܲ䣬ᱻֶԴ
С졣
輧ڵ裬Ʊյ
̫ǸλһֱţӦþˡ
Ȼûгϯ
һů衣
Сϵʳȴģ̾£Ǻ˶ꡣΪθոտǰˡ
ôʱܲ˶žƱ
ˡ
Ͻ¿ӡ
˲豭
ܲˡ
ýˣܲ˵ģĸˡ
λܲòܺáһûмӢ
ȻǺױ磬ü䣬һټĸ㡣
Ų̫ǺŮӣǵŮˡ
ܲ˵е
ʱܾЩëëġ
Ųһ˹봫һ㡣
⻰֪ôӡ
û˵ܲˣ֮ǰȫ֪һĴڡ
׵Ҳ̫ˡ
ÿޱȣȷǸ۵ĺģ
ӦӻܲЦ˵ڶ䣬˱оơ
ܲ˺˾ƣеĲ豭
һμ棬˾òң
Ҳ˼˼һһƣò裬ǲ̫á
СϷžƱȴûоƺ
̧
ϥСˣ֮ǰ⽻˽ɤӲʲƣū澶ţմơʴ˵ϯλžơ˼¡
عͷܲ˵ĿѾͶȥ̨ϸ߸ߵı
˵ֳŶͷֳ־ƱȤذš
ǲ䣬ɨ
ܲջĿ⡣
¶˵ȷġС¶ǵá
ϯҲһֱţ˺һֺη
ԥ¡
ʵҲ볢ƵζһκȾƣͨݸء
ࡣʹ˸ɫ
ЩɣȻϥūȥá
ȴþƻżȻһֶ̧ۣߡ
γ֡
ָָԼȷ˼ȹƺС̨ס
̫ˣûȥ̨ͣ¡
£ 
žƣ̧
ˣ˵Ļ
ŷ֣ͷվһࡣ
ǣܲ˵ԡ
ȵģ׼ơ˷¾Ʊֱҿơ
˵꣬ŲӣԲȣ
ϯϣλôĿȴȥС¡ҶȷϱͷϽһ̻Լλá
ȾƾͲȾơ
ֻܲˡ
ԭһֱ㡭
صλãֶܲһһ˵
λܲˣ
ΪȾ
еĲ룬ãȻɨϯ䡣
ٲʶˣϯ䣬еսսе໥еԾͷ
ʶģ̫ü鲻ãС
Ʈȥ
úĿԡ
գգۡ
͵ˣ
æͷȥ
ûһ̴ӺߵϯԣЦǺˣСһ
СϯϷһ
磬׶ζ
ˣϯȷȤһ̣˵ʱ룬˿ȥ
ףֳǶƮȥ
ڿ
ȻǰŬŬ졣
̲סЦˡΪǺȾƣǸ׼ȫ
ͷ
һȡʱûˣ˲Ͳ֪øʲôˡ
ǲʶˣ˵˶ûС
Ȼ룬ʱΪϯô֡
ÿϧۼ
źţܾţе㲻̫ԡ
ֱӣ˳ſȥ
ܲģ֪ˡ
һ㼦Ƥ
һֱô͵͵šеѽ
ܲлҪ˵
ܲ˴ʣܺúȣ
ãȻúȡ
ԣǼȣ
ⰥֱӺˣǲֳܷġ
ô룬ЩǸ⡣
Ŷ
ܲ˵õҪĴ𰸣ֱתͷȥ
ֹ֡

ĺְֹ
λܲˣôô˸о
´ͲˡҦˣŸˣͽˡ̫ǰȥѡ
̹
Ͳˣ
ϡͿӵС
ڲ̫Ҳˡ
̫ʲôͲˣ
ڣѾ˹Ů׼һĲȣȴװ
̫ɫڵںöˡ
Ц˵ⲻǸسĶ͡ӡ
ô
Ͳ飬ôҲ޹ذ
ʲôҲġ
ڵȤ͸͸
̫·ѡ˼ɫŮװʳУЦŶ˵ոǷʮȤ
ȷʵ
ȷʵʵͷ
δ뵽ּ磬ȻôȤ
ЩϵȤ
ѹֵٰ졣
̫Щ飬̫æˣСʣΪʲôܴȹѽ
ȹĺƯ
Ҳϲѽ
̫˵ģҪܻ䣬ܻˣôܲ˻ܴɫ
ѽ
Ųġ
ʣΪʲôܴܲɫɡ
̫Цҡͷ
Ҳˣ£Ҳû뵽
ףޱ
佫ڱʱΪ°ǰǹ֮Ů
̶ܽǸ֡佫ˣչŮµǻ֮ʱŮ޸ѣͿʮһλ󳼡˵Ը⣬Ϊ˶ܽǿм޳ȥ˱£빬ܡ˵ǵһ˵ݣ˵ȴǹɡ
㲻ͬȻ㲻ùеĹأҲܲȥ
̫˵꣬ȤɺЩˣ
Ȼص˵ͷ
ԭˡ
ܲ봩ȹȷԡ
ܲ˵ĸԪ˧£ܸɡܲ˱ܹͷѡҲǳгӡδϵɷĽá
֪ˡ
͸͸̫׼ȥʱҲŻȥˡ
ڵһ˵΢
ܲ˻ơ
һһڣʮֵˬ
˲ÿܲˡĻᣬűߵܲ˶ûκв
ô֪졣
಻һŮ٣ôܲ˲ǹ֣˵˽鶼֪
ˣӾˣ֪Ķ֪ġഹûܡ
¶ͷ
һ롣ϯϣ±
ǰģһ׵׶±
гɿ飬ζȷ
ͷˡ
һأϯҲѰ
Գ±͸裬ҵȤ
һԣż̧ͷࡣ
˱ҪȤ
һ˼įڸߴ
µ˶ηûһվףƵġ
뵱ſԺӱ߶˶常ѽڡ
Ų豭
Ҫһ빧صĻô˵ȵȹعѽڡ
£ףѽڣؼԲ
һڲûǺɤۡ
ˮҪǺˡ
ؼԲ
˭ô󵨣Ȼ˵ֻ
ؼңܵظԲ
ֻ䱩ȥ
Ŵò׻̧ͷ
Ѿһˡ
һŮӡ
ʮ࣬ɫ㲡
ֱֱڵУһơ
ǡ
ɫһ䣬ôˣ
ζһ¡
Ǿӵ
ӣȥĩһУɱˡ
ӵף
͵һá
̧
ڸ̨ϵƺǷˣνžƱתת
ؼԲǸôʡ
޵޶ԻؼԲɩǡ
⻰ȴ̼˰Ůӡ
͵վЦ
ǰ£㻹ļˣأɱ磡ҹ¶ĸΪ˺񡣿ΪΣһɶϷŹ
׼úóѾǷ⿪ɩҪǰ̡
ﻹʲôǰ̣ҶҪûˣһʲô
ҼһһĺӶزסɱˣȴؼһ֣ûֵ
ŮԽ˵Խǰ
ڵҾȻ˸Ҷ࿵£ҲΪ˺ӣһʱ鼱
ҴҸ
ġ
⣬ҪԱְɣ
̨ףܹȥקű뿪Ҫôܲ죬ˤӡ
ģš
¿֪ǻеĶʱ֪ϲʱ𣿡
ƾʲôҪҵĺȥȴҪΪµĺӵϲ
ҶˣµĺӣҲ
̧׼Ѹק˱ʱ͵һ㶡
ȵȣĺӣ
͵뵽ǰڳǰıݡ
ֻ̧ǰŮӣȴǰ޼ӣۺŭֱֱ
⣡
ӿڳˣ
лҪ˵ǶǴֳģ
ģܹﲻǰ⣡
֣ģģ裡

 39 

ҪΪôһڵĻ, ɥڴ˰ɣ
û뵽ҲԲҪ
һ̱ȫ, ߵĹŮ, ѾһֱͷֱӾ͵عһȦ
һƬһƬ̼Ķ, ˺⣬˶ʲô
ѵѹס

ҵĽŲϵļŮѾߡ
ſڵϵʱ̣ܶûзӦϵļŮƿһֻץԽ뱩壬׺ݡ
˵Ķˣ
ϰ, ɿȷǷˡ
ով̫ˡ
˭Ҳ֪ǻӣʲôط
Ǳڻ
ҲЩ£ڶ, ſа, ŲΡΡһû, û˵
ոնر졣
űľƱ֣Ȼ˵Ҫ
ӵ, һ¡
ԭΪù졣
̫Σˡ
ɤӶɡ
֣֮Ȼô, С̼Ҫߡ
ҲϹ˵ˡ
ſǰ˵ͬǿңô١
, Ҳں
Ŭ̧ͷ
˵ϵŭ⣬ÿһ˶ܵ
Ѿȫˡ
ѹţڵϣڵʹޡ
㶼֪ĺӣҲҪҵĺӣ
üŭ⣬ֻ޲ýһ߿
еıֻ˽ĺ£
ˣѺΣմԼ̣
һעǲȥˡ
޵汻ߡ
Ҳ߲ɹڵϡ
վȡ
ǰһ˲䣬壬ʵ̫ˡ
ֱӽᱧ𣬴뿪ڡ
ǰߣ͡Σߣɱ
*
ڶν
౧һ·ֱӽŮҽ
ҵһ˭Ҳ֪ǲĺ
ڴϣǹŮǼһ
ѵ˺һӣʮַǶʱӻƵġ
ɲһĺۼǻϣȻѪֹ
һƬ࣬ϥϵĲۡ
ŮҽʱЩС˶Ѿ¶˳
£ˣϵĲײԶ࣬ڲأϢռɡ
ŮҽıȹŮϸ£˵һ
ǻվȣȥһݣСĸҩ
ϵѾˣϢһˣҲûиոôĻţ˵ͷվȡ
һһʱ˵
ȴˡ
Ůҽȥ׼ҩŮǼⷬ龰Ҳ˳ȥ
ֻࡣ
ڱֻ¶һС
޾ɵأź¡
ǰ˵
Żˣ
һ
ʱܺˡ
һ壬ίˡ
š
ѾȾ˿ǻ
Ҳһ㣬ˡ
˵ŵ˵õЩ۵Сӡ
ڣ
ֻ¶һ˫۾
˲Ρ
һ£Ǳ
ԣ֮ѽ
ۣСģЦˡ
ûĵС
һ뵽Ϊʲô˵ûġ
Ϯʱ໹ڸ߸̨ϵıֻͶƱ֡
ֻſ֮Ѿٶȸߡ
ôΣյľ˸ñܿʱԾ֮
ĺ
ӱ֣קס½ǡ
ԲҴˡ
ֺҡҡ֡
һУڱ
ţողûġ
̧ӣϻСָ̧ߣֱ˸첲ŵͣҲ¸첲
֮֡
ôһһɿ
ƫ
ˣҲǵһ֪ǸС
ջ֣ӡ
Ŷ
ŲС
Ϲ۸ˡ
ˡ̡
û뵽һ̧̣ӣǰ˻Ρ
ң
һˡ
ϣССһӡȫǻҡ
֣־Ȼôࣿ
ȫǻң
ӣ
߷ߣĵң뵽ԼģҶֻͷǸ
Ҵˡ
һӡ⣬뿴ССģˣˡ
ʵʵϢһʱһ´
ཻһ뿪
Ŀ뿪󣬹Ů롣
ˣ
Ůȡʪϸϸ˲մĻңסĺ¡
ҪǱ·Ӧ죬˵Σգ
ʱűܱһжûע⵽ֻ֪Ӧ죬ȴ֪ʱĳ
Ӧܿ죿
ȻŮȣζ̲סʱ˴˶ûзӦԼûüǱµһӦ֮֡˶ܣܶܵ˳

ԭǷӦ죬Ǹ
̯Ѿɾָչ
˿ǧǵҪºúõл
ġ
Ƿġ
*

Ѻڵϣһֱڿޡһ߿һ߽ȫȻΪʱ̡
ڵһͶ·ĸˡ
դǰ˵һ˫ѥӳ
͵̧ͷ߸ϵĵվſڣϣһЦСӡ
һ֪˭ˣȻҲ̡
ྲվǶһ˫ϣ˵徿Ρ
Ц࣬㵱ǸЩֻ꣬ôûһȥ
ԽԽħͼդ
࣡ˣЩ棬ңȥҦ̫Ҧ̫˽Ӳ¾ȳģ
ɱɷˡֵΪ˵λ໥ɱ¾ʲô򲻸һһĺӶŹ
࣬ûģʱ͸øĶһȥ㲻
һֱ
ǿһˡ
ߵġÿճ˶Ȳ˶̡źӵѾߣﳬˡҡһ롣ҹ䲻ֹսʹѾΪղأ㡣
״ˡ
㣬˵ʲôŵҡͷƭңƭҡⲻܣ
ϣѣҲеʹ

ġ
ƴҡͷ
ǶǿҶģǲô㣬ҪɱҶˣֻ㣡
޲ɼѿ࣬޺洦ȴһܺù޵İѱ
ڵϣɢ
ĹҲĻ㡣̱ڵصϣЩӣޣɱ㡣
͵ضϵǸɫӡ
һ̣˼ȡ
ǧã򲻸ã֣
ޣ̡
*
ſڴϣѾ׼ˮ͵ʱȥԡ
ĹŮعˡ
¡
ˣ
ûãʹѾˣüסĳ嶯
һɫĶ񣬽⿪ӸŮ󲽶
һĺһ˷
ܾôصĺɲҹȾϵġ
˸ո뿪˰ʱȥĶˡ
ɡ
ֱĺ󾱣ŲӲС
ˡһȥһ˿ʻϢ
Ȼͺˡ
ȴ쭳
֣ñ
𣿣
ҲҪ˵ˣҪȥأĹƫͷ
һ۸
ˣ
ȴ˺ܶ࣬ڴ齱ߣƿӡ
ȥɡ
һۣȻܡ
žડ
ֱˤڱϡ
ʹ۽ǹˮ
ҿ
ڴ齱ߣüͷ
ְĽϡ
СĽϸһȦ
ס˻һ
һȦˡ
ǰŮҽʱ򣬾Ȼ
ۡ
ףȴֱϡ
֡
̧ͷһۣͷȥȻͷĦĽ
ϸϸһȦ
иպá
ĽҲСɣƲһ
˳ŽףҲĽš
ССģʱһ
﷢ëˡ
ŵе㺦¡
µţȻ˸ס
𶯣Ųˣ
̧ɨһֻۣܱס죬ж
죬ɿףһ˴ᱧ
ȵȣҪ
գϽץס˵ļۣˡ
һ·ͨ裬ֱӱСƹ硣
ڵðһ
˽ţ㡣
ر߷ӭ⿪Լĸ
Ŀࣺ£
㣬ô
üȴ޶˵İԵ
ۺᣬҭҭû롣
۸
ȻǱ
лҪ˵ֳһ~
ϾŵŶ~
ǻѽ~
muma~

 40 

غܴ
мһɫԭʯ, Ż, ˮϡ
С, ̲ס첱ȥɽʯĺ档
ͷš
λãֱ˲Ҳֻܿ˿ڰرߵĸ첲
ոտŵˡΪ, ҪһءƿˣȻ治֪Ҫô졣
Ѿű
ڵϵһȦĵСι֮صһࡣ
Ѿһ߲ţһۡ
οˣö˶˵ġû˵꣬Ůٵһ, £Լӹӣš
˾Ժ, һѳ, ׻ġ
Ĳɵ˵ͷ
ɡ
´αܿЩΣպˡ
˵ض, һʯ, һֻû˵Ľвס˵ˮˮ
ꡭŮȴֹ
˻С, ŮָָԭʯĶ棬ѹ, ˯ˡ
˯ˣ
ϽѹסĽѾֳŰرߣ첱ȥ
˵ȷ˯ˡ
ȳֻűһ£ѾʪˡֳŰرߣͷţỺ
ˮСС
Ҳˡ
úõļ磬û˵ôһֵ֣϶ﲻ
õ
ôƣҳһùŮϣŮҽҩ
磬硣
ΪҪҩֻűһС£ȹƵȴ
ȥ͸ϽСߴٹŮߡ
һ˫ͼ磬Ůȥ̧ŵ
ɿŮҽҩ
ʱ䣬ԽԽۡˮ󣬶Щǵġ
Ůҽ첲ϲһ㣬۵첲ҩĨڼϣŮҽ֡
һ̣ҩϣ˺ò졣
۵۾ˮתˣץ齵ķ֣ǰţҲвУԼͺˡѽ
ŮҽʹˣСϸţǲҩ˹ʱȻáǻۣÿһ춼ۣһ̡
̣

ɲҪ̡
ôƯˣɲ̫á
ԼֱϵĲˡ
ɫѪ˿һһģĺӡӱ˰̣ѿ
Ǿ͡ǾͲɡʹ֣ȻС˵һҪһ㡣
ĺ۵ѽ
ŮҽЦҩͿĨֱϡ
˷ģ£۾ǡ
ã
æۣͼװ֪ˡ
ֱۣ˸첲
һŸоҩĨ˿ڡ
Ϳҩõʯϸ壬һҩ࣬ȵͿĨ˿ϡ
ֻ̫ۣˤһѹһ£෢ϵģѪ˿ھһѡ
ۣ˻˻
㣬ѽ
Сһ۶̲ã첲أͿһ£һ¡
ƵλвƵҩͿ෢ϵģһҩҪͿ
첲ϣͿˣʯϸ첲
Ѱ˼ţҪ
ʵʵת˹ȥ
С»棬ס档
ϸ֫ϣ׵ļһƬࡣ
ָʱֽغѽ
ʯϸá
šü
ѵ˵λûҪĴĴ
ҽƷӣһμ
Σֻš
ĵʱҲ㡣ۡ
ϵеء
ͿĨҩʱҩǼһЩʲô۵һһء
𣬱ˣҲͿˣͿˣ
ۣġ
Լأ
ֳӾǰ㡣
û뵽һֱֻӰϣѹס

׻

ֻڼͿҩ
ûˣ͵ۡ
ǰŮٺŮҽǶѾ˳ȥһ磬ܿԶԶӰ
ˣ
ߡ
£
أſˣš
ŲţָµıЩͬ
ԭ׵ġЩۡ
ȴһһȾϼۡ
еҩͿ
ˡ
ſ齣Ҷҧݣһ
۵һһ⣬͸ոǻ۵ĽģȻͬ
ˣ
ҩͿĨһ첲
Դֱ
ɣͦġ
֪Ϳҩֱܷ

ŵûʧɫһץסϵС̺ͷϣæҰȹ

࿴źЦĽס
۵ֱУ˲Ҫ
ؽźʹ
ʵ㣬ҩ
ңҪŮҽ
̽ͷǿԼҪ
ӡ
ӡ

űߣĽϸϸţһҩͿĨϡ
˻ףһΰס
̧ٶ
Ҷˡ
ӣԼѹ
ѽҺҶ
ֻӲš
ҪŮ٣ѾߣŮҽ
ܾ麰ˡ
ǣĽڱУκ
˸ŽףͿҩĽףһ˿
°ԴɽС̺
׵¶ʧ˱
С̺Ӳ֡
˶˽ȥ
ڶģʵںЦ
һŮǶ໳еһ磬סЦ⣬Ͻȥʰ˴̡
ˣ˯ɡ
ڴϣק˼ϣת
ֱӹԴκ˰죬ܣԴѾ뿪ˡ
أ
ˣȥƫ
ŮٵҲƣˣЩϢɡ
ϣգ˯š
Ҳ̫ˡ
ȻԼһڵĴϣѱ쵽ƫȥ˯
漫ˣҲ˯ţϵҩ඼ˣ齡
һδҴûҶ࿴һۣŷ֣Ŵģµģ
ͼ򵥵ƣȥе㡭֣
һ㶣ţȥϸϸ
е֣
Լָ
⡭ǻʱ򣬵¹ô۸齾Ȼûдĥɾˣ
ǣ˯˿һˣȻҲûз֣
ûһ˶ġ
֣
˯ˡ
Ů٣ָָ⸡ͼϵĴֲڡ
ӣĥƽ𣿡
ŮٴˣҪĥҪרŵĹʱܻѲࡣ
ţͷҸĥˡ
˳ʣõĻҵǸ
ǣˡ
Ůϥᣣ˵ţǲ߱µĻⴱ£Ҫڲö룬˯ɡ
洵˵ƣһƬбۡ
ۡ
˸
ɫĹ⻩׾ǰ
ɱ㣡

͵ۣڴš
̵Ůæ˵ƿᣡ
ˣ
һ亹ͷĺ鶹Ƶĵ䡣
߬˱ӣƽ˰졣
جˣû¡
ûû£ֻجΡ
ѵš
Ը
ŮٲҺᣣںܿ˼յơ
ڴۣºͺ͵Ĺߺ
±ۡ
ϵһҩͷϸ룬ݺݴ̽š
Ѫһء
ۡɱҡɱҡۡ˯е۽ˮϵ䣬һһء
ˣˣ
ŮټˣҪȴôҲв
һҺ󣬹Ůǹأһƿᣡ
ϵС޵ˮëʪˡ
۾յýѲֻ߽
ۡɱҡء
ɢһ
죬⿪񣬷齡
Сһ§ԼĻС
ԣû˵㡣
Ĵĺ󱳣صš
Թ˯ȥˡ
ڡ
ʲô¡
еСͣ˳Ƶģһһҵһλã
ĺϣš
ίˡ
žۡ
Ժһҹ
ۡ
ۡ
˯Ǳ׷ɱΣÿһζǱߡ
׷ɱȣһһεģ̼ƣ
۷һ
ǰɢ½
ź΢΢
ֽ§
ҲֿڻС
ף
ף
ãȻ̧ͷ˵ߡ
¡
ôͱ˯һˣ
һӣһ𣿣
𾪵۾Բˡ
ɳƣ磬˯
ϡͿأ±ۡ
Ȼܿ۾
£Ҹое㲻ԣʲô
δ䣬Ѹǰһ
Ϻۣ
۵ûɢŶͷһۡ
ɿ֣Ųһλá
Ҫ˵ʲô
ôȻһۣŪԼոҪ˵ʲô
ոպеİġԾ
һ¡
ûˡ
ɡ
ãȻҡҡͷ
ҡˡ
ˡ
˾ͺá
лҪ˵Ƕ
˵~
Ŷ~

 41 

Ϣһ֮, ᵽʲôۡ
ۡ
ſڴ, , ֻ䱳ˣÿһļⶼڿĶ, һŤ۵Ứֱð
Ůֻۣ£²ɣǺ漸Խۣˡ
۰
ϵЩʱ޸оڹһһҹ֮󳹵׷Ƶģֻ۵ץӸΡ
ѹڱϣ֪Ҫ̶á
ҩ, ٸҲһҩ
ҩȻҲۣǺڱѾģҩãȥƤ֮ˡ
ڳҩҩݵζ
Ųҩζ˯ġ
˯жҶ෭һ
̫ˡ
һ, Ԫӭһλˡ
̫ʱ, ˲, һ, ڵȥۡ
ίˡ
˶˵ί㲻ίҲ༸ί, ˵ίصصͷί
̫ĻһЩ˵ҩЩŮʱ, һҪúò
Щܲ˴ӼģܽľҩЧܺá
ܲˣ
һ㶡
Ůٽӹҩƿϥ
ˣʱܲק佫ҳݡ
Ȼ
ԭ˻ܲˡ
ڻҩһҪúл˼Ҳǡ
˵ŻŵĹŮͨ
̫ˣҦżҽŮˣǰݼˡ
̫һ㶣лģ
л
ֻǵһʱҴ˲ˡ
ѵΪ
Ĳ²⣬̫ЦŽͣҴ˲Զ裬ܵĳӼŮлǸϹء
˵л˵Ǹ£ûλķҲûУǶһƷھˣ㣬ҲǲϹصġұǲء
Ȼص˵ͷ
лȻĸл۲һСλֵˡ
ֻû뵽ǾȻˣôɣһˡ
ǼȻˣͱȻһƷˣҲǱ¹ΨһŮ죬ҷĽӴǡ
ȴЩ֪ô졣һƷھˣ˶Ҫġ
Ůϥ̫˵ףλ޻̫ǳڲһ
Ŷ̫ǳӦúЩ൱ʱָպãҲ˯ͷɲˡ
̫ҡҡͷԪ˵ĹҼλģڣʲôء
ŮתϥҼ̫̫ġҲ˽⡣
ŮٴԲӣв̣ЦλҼˣȻǻ֮ȥ̫аˣ˵̫֪̫ˣ֪ģΪ˲£̫¡
ҼλҲ֪ҼᣬȻҼдĵطؼλ˴ȣҲ⡣
Ԫʵڲ̫ϾҲˣ˵̫Ĳǡ
̫ɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻЦŸ֣ˣв㡣Ȼعȥ
̫ÿ죬ߵø졣
ײ˼λˣ̵̫ʱʰˣϼȥ
̫һߣԸ¹Ů׼
ͬʱ¡
ϻЩֻۣʱš
ױ̨ǰŮʱ͸ͭࡣ
ڵָŵµĹŮǣһɵĽС
Ǹġ
룬ոһ̫죬ʱûףع룬ֿŮǲϣ̫µġ
Ϊʲô
ϾȷʲôиĳԱ߰ģͻеЩ
࣬ױɻü
һ¶׹
ˣü
ͨʱǼλ˵˹šҪߵ»֮йһ·Ԫ˵ӡҦϷ۾ãЩ
ԭˡ
ױãĹŮ˵Ǽλ˸ոյִ»
Ҳʱȫ׼һ
Ӵ˵ĵطûȥ
ıõĸɸɾûʱո¡
ȥ
۵õ
̣λ˶Ź֮ļҾ죬ʧ񲻺á
ŬŲ졣
˫ŷ֡
ȻˣΪʲô̫æأ
ԥȻϥͣˣǣЩࡣһʱ벻Ҳū˶˼˵ľֻһ䡣
Ǳ˳ļҾ죬ʲôλ֣λ˸ðݼģֻˡ
Ǻף֪ǣΪá
ȻˣǾֻӲͷƤˡ
һ෴ѡ
ʹ۾ģҦ̫ҦϷˣ̫ȴģôŸĶˣ˵ЦǽĽˡ
˵ΣһҪҦϷˣŶҲһҪ
¶ֻ֪ҦϷҦ̫ӣǻ֮Ǳʦĸǳʦ϶ҪصġŸĸۡ
ˣǵȹʰɡ
λ˺ܿ쵽Ԫ
ҧȼλ
ǰģһλʮϷˡ
ƹȣÿһߵûλķˣͷ
λϷÿһﶼһ¡
˵ʹʮϸӹǽʵĴڡλϷȴ
ֻȻȴȵֱͦű̬ʮֵλ
ǿ۾ã濴
˵ϥ
ҦϷ˰Ŷ˰˰
ƷԶ⼸λһƷھˣ檣Ҳ̫΢
ո˰죬ŻҪһλ
һݲ㣬СǵȷǸ֮ٲû˾
ֱһЩ̷Ըࡣ

ȴüλˡ
Ͼ˲˵ҦϷǸͣǸӹǣܲ
ҦϷֳֹվǶϸȷ񲻺ã˰죬ǰֻģһƬֻǸŮ޶ϸЩϷǿƢҲ͡
ϸûм֣ΡΡùŮţڼ
λ󣬹Ů˲衣
빬ãδǳʧˡǰ˵ˣ֪ɺã
ҦϷ˵ЩɳƣȥأľƵܡ
һұֳϷʹˣ۾ãҲЩ٣治֪ǲʲô
Ϸ˷ˣǵһӣһЩСˣһҩͺá
ֽϥǣûиǵֱ¶һƬࡣ
ô˵üأһƬءŴ̾ģϸƤ⣬ôܵˡ
ǿסֱ
ҵЩˣĿģడ׵ġһҲ¶ʮ֣ʵ˲أˡ
Ҳȷʵ⡣ֻˣѵһΡ
һӹһ£ײײģѰ۵ֱ𱳣ʵڲ
ҦϷ˺̧ͷ۳
ȴô˵Сģ
ʣܿˡ
ЦţƽעЩ㲻ÿࡣ
ˮ֣ҲŶ˵
ΪдЩż
ܲ˼һ仰˵ôˣһ߰ɡ
ֻಢδûϸ˵λŶˣżҵʲô鹣Ҳ֪˵˵ˡ
ƣǼϤء
ҲȫĻ⣬ֻŬһϵĺߡ
Ŷˡ
λأЩǱڳĶˣµ֡
Ŷ˵һ̧ͷ
ϣϻεСЩ㱡
죬ջߣͷżãȻ
ȷƣЩϤ
벻ˡ
һקקӡ
Ȼⲻܽˡ
ѡ
ŻиˣǸˣʲô֪ʲô˵˵ЦСʱҦϷ¶ƣϥ˱Ǹʱ򣬲öպãպлˣܽ˵˵
ŶҲƳҦϷˣ֡
ҦϷ˱ܿˡ
ֻŹվΡΡǷǷ
߶ˡ
񣬲ȥ
ɲңܼϷˣǰĸ
ҦϷ˺סˡ
촽˶Ҫ˵ʲô
ŬȥС˶۾ģһƬ塣
ɣͷ

߼λˣſϺ
ˡ
ֱˣϵ˶Ҫ췴ˡվҲۡ˵Ľ׻վ˼Σˡ
ûãˣܷɲˡ
˻ȥϢɣ˺һˣ˵ҲѾ
һŲȥ
Ľ׻Щף֮ǰۣ߲ãֻŲ
ɻϣ뵽
֪࣬ҦϷ˺Ŷˣ
ոտƺֹŶ˼Ǹˡ
ˣⶼ˼ҵ¡
˵ʱҲЩΡ
ʵ˶֪ģֻ˲Ǿʿδ
ʮǰҦϷ˵СŮ£һʬҦϷΪŮδŮϹ۾ɤҲǸʱ޻ġ
ôһĶˡ
Ůźӣһʬ˭ϣ޷ܵجġ
λϷˣ澭Ŀѡ
Ŷˡ
ԥƬ̣ʣǲǲ֪żң
ʵʵҡͷ
곤Ժδ뿪ߵػضˣ֪µ۵ǻ常˵ġ
ߵ£֣ǿһЩ
żҴİ
żΪҡʮǰԪ˧ں͉һսУΪˣżֻʣһλϷˣδãΨһŮ졣
Ŷ˾Ψһλż̫˱ʹԽԽáż޹ص˺£òˡҲΪܺúõİżδĺһ·󡣡
һһѹ
ܵ˶˺ŻὫһжֻһһ⸧еĺǡ
һͷһ
ȻЦõᡣ
Ǳ˼ҵ£˵ʲôᡣ
ܡؿڣء
Ҳ֪Լôˡǳô󣬵һνӴЩܲ˵ѹ
Ϣ˼죬ĽԻʱһ̶вס˼ȥ
ѾԽԽ䣬ͥĻݶһ˪һ񣬳ģס
˵ڵů͡
£
Ųһ죬ûó׵Ľʹ۵̧ŲǱŽȥġ
󣬿µһ̧ͷųСﵥűıQQس˽
ڸҶʲôӣ
±ʣһȦ
ڵǷ׷׵ͷ
ĴţǴ̰һʣŸϽ£Լ˵ĽţùŮ⿪
ŸոˡԾǰ
ۻϹܣá˱ë
ӡ
Ϊ
ѽùԹԵأ˫ֽϥϣգۣϲ𣿡
һ㶣еıҲòסˣīڱʼ⣬Щ䡣
±ʣǰ£ȷСˣҲڻºαһ۶
뵽żǼ¿ֻܿһĺǣۼˡʾ֭뵽ӡ
СӶɰѽԵò࣬󣬺ֹɡ
ŬԼСʱӡ
Ŷ΢΢ü
ǰˣֻҪһǮһӵĺء
ڵǮģԼֲȥֻҪ˵żǮˡ
һӡЩ΢һӣҪӣ
ſ˵Ļ
Ҳǣĸ߸ġ
Ȼˣ̾
û뵽
ôӣ

˼ѽ
׼ͣɨĶӡ
ҲС
ǾԼ̫ӲԴġ
㻹С
Ȼ룬Ӳĳһ䡣
㳤ˣԿǣ߸ˡ
лҪ˵ѪˣһֱڰٶʲôŵùǺ˵ʱ䵽ڲдꡣ
ǣǳһѽ
ңһжģ
һ£
ǰҶ~~

 42 

, ʮھԲҪȥˣҲҪȥұ
Ϲ˵۸ˣ
ĹĵԪ˼š
󳹵׺, Ҳʱ
˾˵, ¼ˣŮ͡
ͥķһƬҶ, һҡҷأɨĹŮɨһҶģȥࡣ
ͦϲԺʱ򣬳ŽˣԺҶǲǲأŮ̫, һߴѾ߹Ůкá
ŮʱĵżӣڼҶ
ͨ˵ķҶ, , ġ
ȥ׾ϸˡ, ҶһһСģֱߵС, ˼õķҶͼ
ū澼ˡ
Ůϥһ¹죺ˣһ¡ū澸, ¡
ԪµСŮҲʱӺ˳ϥЦҸŮٶ̣λҾǡ
ǶµĹŮֻý·ݸСŮ
Ԫ, ΪѾߣһֱǽź򣬵ǲµġʱҲ˵æ˽ȥ
ڵһϸޣ̯֣Ůٸ⿪ϵ
ǰʱˣū澲̽ˣǸ⡣
ν
ûʲôģСˡ
˵С£ǶСү˵˵İΣҪŮѹСүѾ֪˵ˡʮŭūˣҪͨһͥĴ˽ԣϳ
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졣
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⺢ӵﶼɱˣͬСӣҲ
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ˡ
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淳
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ӵСүж˵ĶӣСү֮˳շ
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ԭѽ˵ˡ֪ˣһġ
ڶûܳɹĻ
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ˡ
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챻۸ˡ
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ţ飬֪ˣһ˵ͣĻģ;ͣ
գ˳һţ鲢һСŮȥӵŹ¡
ڶ죬ŵҡˡ
ˣˣ
ɤӷɡ
ӵСӡزˣ
ʲô
һ
лҪ˵ɵûôأߡ
Ƕѽĸ¿ܻһ㣿Ŭ~

 43 

޵
۾һȦ, §űӷ׷ʡ
ȷ, ţȥ, СӺ˾ͣ͡
ɫʮֲ, ѵɫء
ˣϢȷǴӸڲġ
䣬޵ɤӶɳˡ
ûкСӣҸûк
ͳȥţ飬˾ͳ£ٲҲ֪ˡ
û˼ū澵Ȼ֪˶֪, ûá
˲ᣬΡ
ǰ磬˲㱻ɱ, ˶֪ˡ֪, оһһСӡ˻ȥСţ, û˻ֻ⡣
, ǡֱðҧŴòί
ȷǸûʲôøУţ, ҲΪӦҪչǸӣôܷòء
û£϶ǲµġ
ôô, ţ飬Ǹӣ
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ᵽøˡ
˵
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Ǻģ¸ûйϵ
ҡҾǺȻ뵽һӣ͡ó˵ѡһ˵ѣͰ͵أƮس顣
̾˿
˼ȻԸ˵ūҲûа취ǽֵúء̶ֻһʱʱ䣬±ɢǰڱУ˾ɱСӵ֡
һ޶޲ˡ
ѵҪΪһţ飬һ
Բ԰
ô졣
㣬Ȱ˰ɡ
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Ѿ޵þ
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˵ǻµĻȫͬˡ
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һ̩ɽڱǲݽ档˵οⲻӵŹ¡˶֪⺢ڱǻġ
šü
ɱԵˣģƾʲôƸ
֮ǰûдɱǺӣҲûɱô˵Ժͻɱһ򲽣ԺɱǸӣҲڣҲΪһ¡
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಻ס
ȥұ¡
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лҪ˵ɲأ
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Ҳһֳɣ⼸ͷ͵ģҪ΢һʱ䡣

 44 

ڰ, һ, οⶼǵˡ
ڵǶʮԾ, ׼˹ĸ޾ߡ
ҹڽߵĲ᣷ڵ, õڵ¶Щת
ûʱϣҲû˶š¯̿Ϊʱ磬һȡůûЩ
ǵǴʱȡյ̿װ˼СѬɢڵڣǿů
裬̶ֱ¡
ˡ
Ȼô
ûů, ҲûйŮůһš
࣬ȥøӡ
źĿŮϥ
, ̱µĹ˵, ǲϲӵζ, һֱǲ׼õġ
ôѽ
§˱, ʵ̫ˣ̲ס
ů
ɫһ䣬ֱӹڵϡ
ū澲ң
Ѿů˶е, ʲôҵġ
ѽգůʲôòҵġ
, Ԫ˷ԸūȻůǰ˯ģǱµ齡ū澱Խ
һ̣ūʵҡ
Ůֱߵͷ
˵ʲô
ԡܿ죬һӳ
ֻ˵Ļβ͡
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ƿߣС䣬ů
Ѿڴ齱ߡ̧á
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糯ɳԱȱＺگ¹ɱӸСһ£û뵽صǸˣȻɡ
ǵĺУ֮ڡ
·һӣȦ֡Ӹͥ
ȥͲˡ
ͥ
ֻǱ£һ¡糯Ҧ̫˳ƺЩ̫á˶Ҧ˵Ҧ̫һظоʹ˴
ͥίҦ̫Ϊ°ɱСӣԱЩʹˣһʱҲпܵġ
ഹֽӷǴָ
ָҦ̫糯ȫ棬ײ¡
ʹˣܲסúЪš
ͥҲЦ̾Ҧֱ̫̫ˣѸߣӹûǰӲˣºڻࡣһ׮׮ģ
Ѹߡظ⼸֣죬ǡ
ͥԹɫҦ̫ѧ̫ӲãҦ̽ʦҦ̫ο弸֡
ҡͥԥһ£˺ȷϳϵ̨ҹҲҲ֮󣬲ŷ˵빬δ빬һӴĻᶼûСΪ¿Խ˻һ˵С
ԽԽߣͥʶʻغ֣ˣ
ͥ·ɿ죬׷
վס
ͥĬһתͨڵϡ
Ƴһۡ
֮ǰ˵ǸڹеĥľӵĹˣ棬޿Ը͡
״Ʋأ޵ĵй͵ޱ䡣
˭Զͥ飬ӻΪǱ£±̣ƢͣΪ˱ܷһΪǽ·ҪλãԱµһжϡ
ɫ࣬ǹ˹
˵۶Ǳ£֮˺񶾣ȻˣͥűһأȴΪˣҲЩЩڳ˶ϡ
ֱ
Թˡ
ͥþգǣ͹
ڿˣ˼һԸȥ
׼׼մ
*

еذڿļϣ˷ܡ
ô˵ģҿԳ𣿣
ˣԸˣȷˡ˿ԳȥˡҲѵЦ¶
Ҳû뵽ȻԳ
ȥʮ꣬û뿪벽û뵽˹˾ԳȥĵطȻܳȥ
ǾǣǲǿԿĽͷóԵľ¥ֵ᣿
УвٵӢۺú˺ױ
Կ𣡣
ôãõĺϢˣ
סڵת
Ҫ׼ʲôҪʲôҿԴȹ𣿡
ˣȲҪżмأūǶȻ׼õġæȹӳȥȻǿԴģūȥ˾ַԸһ˾Ƹɫȹӿɺã
ã
صصͷЦۣǸ߸˭ܿϲá
ҲȾˣ˺ԸŮ׼
µ۵ǻһδء
ǺѵõĴˡ
֮Ҳ֪ȥЩط»᲻ȥһ¥ӣ
ˣūźԡ
׼ãݽȥۣѾˮвϲˮĽ
󣬸ˮһá
ˣγǸûᡣ
ݵԺȷǸûᡣ
ȥʶȫһķ羰ȥ۰Ͱ͵ǸǧŲȥ߸ߵĹǽʲôˡ
ֵĿͷۼ̷̯ϵ˵ţԵǵζأ
ôõĻᣬģ
̲סЦˡ
ǰһҪסū澻ǰϵãһΣһҪСү⡣
⣿
ϡͿ룬úֺñ
û⣡
ֻҪܴ治ɫĲѱ
ãϲ̸ԼϽˮ̧°ͳģο϶Եģ
˿
Ǿˡ
ΪӦõġĻش
*
պŮһɫĳȹ
ļڣȹӵҲ΢һģɫ࣬ɫ˿ĳȹһɫ÷Ķ
ϴ绻£ϲͭǰתһȦ
ȹÿ
ѽתһȦ̧ʡ
Ů٣ȹʲôζ
Ůźº󣬾һţϥش𣺡ˣΪＴ붬ūȹЩ˸ϲժһЩ˻㣬ȹѬһҹ˴ϣԴ㡣
ϲɵ뷨
ҵȹԺ󶼿ôѬ
ǣū澻ȫѬġ
ʱյʱͼٴŹŮ
ȥ˵𣿡
ˣ˵ˣùţȥһ̡ͬ
ҪùţӡǶˡ
̫˷ˣŸ᲻ȤȫţǿһЩ
һţͼҴȹҪȥ
£
˽ĵš
Ҳ׼ˡ
˽վһɫĳ϶һɫߵĶ
ȥûô˷ܣ˹СֵĶͷ̧ͷһ
СﰮΣͿױü䣬߷ۣϻһĿ֬
Ҳˡ
߰ɡ
Ͻקű䣬ಽ
ڵͣţƥߴţںܴ
˷ܵұ߿
̫ˣġ
ֻҪʹ뿪ȥĵط
İĵطûмľ
һ·ϣͶϲ£СƵߴߴûûˡ
£ǻȥ˵ÿĺģȥ𣿾óԵľ¥ļѽҪûдǮ᲻ᱻƹĿȻиֳִ󵶵Ľʿǣ
һʼ˵Լȥĵط˵˵ţѾʼԼ˽
ôСĿ
ȴһֱ
ȥ׹ӡڼʱ壬һ׹ӣʱ˴һȥͷΡ˵ǵͷκǱߵĶһߵ¥кöţΪ˵¥ʲô˫ĴӣΪ˼һ桭
̧ס졣

Ļ»û˵أ
˵΢΢Щ
˫Ĳӣ˭Щ
ò˵֣°ʹɫ
졣
Ƣ˵ʲôС￴ڲƭŮ|֮
һ仰ʶûֻ֪ˡ
ôѽ
ȴˣ˵ֻһ°ͣӶףܿ䱩ĺá
±˵Ŀ˫ĲӣǱѽ
Թ̧ͷ˵ҡҡ˺òá
ֱ
˫Ĳӡң
ѽĺۼ̿˹ȥָµüãⱲΨһòˡ
ֻһ屩˵˵ţ뵽ʵ
ֻǷǰ˿ţǵߵ
Ǳô˱õĻţӯʢ״˰ɡ
Խ˵ԽСµ۾ÿˡϲűµ۾бµġ
»򢡣
˵ĺ
ϲ˵
ÿֻҪ֪ѹŭ𣬻ɣЦ
ʱ䳤ˣͷ֣һֱԼĸҪ׼ȷϲŭͺˡ
ңߵĻȣܺÿ
дſڷϣȻôɵ˰ʱ
˺̧ѹס֡
ܿߣȴԽԽ
ɵƤôϷˣԼŪúˡ
Ȼϲ뿴Ϳǻбĵط뿴ģҲɡ
Ĭ˿˫˵
ȴˡ
úÿĲôбĵطÿôܻ뿴
»ûпѽ
ͷ˵ϴ

һ·»
ȴɿ̧סۡ
㻹Сڲܿ룬˾䣬㳤㣬ٸ㿴
ôС
лҪ˵ֹܾ[˼]
еǻŬдˣ
컹ϰ~

 45 


ֵֹġ
ܾű˵ʲôΣյݡ
ľ豾ʶûҶʡֱͣһ, һ˼ҵ⡣
³ʱ, ෴ֿ۸ͷһñ, ǰĴɴڵʵʵ, صͷ
ȥ˵࿴
͸ñֻܿóһլۡ
Ѿ򿪣һԼʮΪף
֪¼٣΢ʧԶӭ
ǰæȹ·Ǹ˵ʱ, ܿ˹µˣ΢΢ϥȻ׷ȥ
˭ļң
ãȻظڱ
һγ, һ˼ҵլۡС
ñůɫĴɴ, ԼԼܿһЩľ
Ų, ձ, һ·ų룬ܿլۡͥ
ɸɾûһ˼ҵĻΡ
ĴԺ, ȴء
˭ң
ڱһ·룬ҹ˲ٵʹӣֻЩ, ֪˭ҡ
ʲôܾԵŵģ
ûһߵ⡣
Ǹһ·ںǰ˹֡
£Ҹղδ¡
޾̽ʦġ
ԥ£ԵƬ̣ݳȥͨ
໹ͣԺУ̧̧°ͣȽȥ
ӱеʦȷϣȻҦҡ
Ҧʲô

һӦ뵽ںߣƺҦ̫ˡ
ǰãַӸСӵ顣
ڱУҲϴɡǼҦ̫ǲҪָű
Ųء
뵽Ҧ̫͸һ֮ˣ
ˣź
վƬ̣Ǹ˳Ȼɫ߹ǰ
£ҸѸߣҩѾ˯ˣǲ¼񣬻֡
֡
̧ߡ
£ӵǰظһ䣬ҸУǲܼ¡
Ƴӡ
ÿ
ƮƮ֣Ӻ¡
ֻҧǰ
£ǳҲӣ¡
ţ޿ɱ㣬ٽȥʺ㸸ס
˵ź˵ĻʦУҪһϲ¶
ɫǳκ졣
Ӳţ಻Ϊ̧̧°͡
ļ̴ϵһࡣ
ҦɣֻҦ׸˵˵Ϊ˳ӵģôܵڱµǰء
ûţֱƿš
Ŀọ̈̄Ҧɵݹȥһͬ
λѾϼ겻ˡ
Ϊ˸׵Ļڱǰ˼Ρ
ǣס
ƱƢ˵ɱɱˡ
ԱжҦֲ̫ӡ
ôһ룬ӣҲͦѵġ
ͬҲãҦ赲ڱǰ϶˲ʹˡ
֪Ҧ̫ͱֻôء
Ҧ̫ȻҦ̫УںҩǱ˭ɱҦ̫
ˣʦص
ûиŽȥ
ͣż⡣
Ҧֵ̫ˣø档
ŵ񣿽
˼Сβͣſûˣͷߡ
æȹ
ǣ
£ҸˣԼҪģ
ʲôҲң
˵󴩹硣
͸ñܿ壬׸֮ңҲڼ򵥡ûʲôݻϢʮֵء
Ҳʲôʱóļªʱĺۼ
λҦ̫ΪʦΪ׸Ȼô
ԹԸߵŴǰջߡ
ʦ㡣
վڴǰ԰뿿ڴϵ˹˹֡

Ҧ̫
Ѿʮͣͷӡ
ڵϳ˻гͶӵľУһʧȥ˾Ƕ˽ƻİ
Ҧ̫ߴϻϡ
͸ñܸܵ
Щ
ȵȣòҦ̫Ȳɣ
ҪˣЩࡣˣ˼ɴ͸һþء
ô룬̲סָЩš
ǰһڡ
գգۣŲһǰ
Ҧ̫
ºô硣һ欵檣ϷĸϣҶֱϷķʱ»ʲôģ
欵檡ίر졣
ûУ
໹湻磬ԼѰ˸߹ĵ£ƽҦ̫˵
֪ʦˣ̽ʦˡ
ҦɡʦĶӣҵǰΡ
㣡Ҧ̫ôڱУʲô˶ɱûһֵص𣿣޹ɱسɱʲô㲻ɱһǲǾϷײ£ҪɱҰ
һľս
Ȼˡ
ഹƺδ
Щϲʦǰʱһݵıã̲סӱ̽ͷС˵̫ˣСӲǱɱġ
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ӣȻҦ̫˵ġǶԵġ
ϾһŻġ
̫˵öԡ׼˳˵Ļϸû뵽һͷǰ˻ͷÿ¡
˵öԣ
ֱ壬ֻΣϮ
ѵѵ
̫˵ģãʵѽͼֱһȴӭ˵Ŀ⣬ԽԽСֱʧ
ȴù˲ڱ˼У̧˳ᣣסա
޸˭ü޸ң޸ίˣ
ǻ˲ͷƤ顣
ѵǾ仰
ģϸģ
ûУ޸ҵĸ˭ܼ޸ѽҲãڱߣ
˭֪࣬ɫպתһ㣬Ҧ̫ȴɿ𣺡˭ĺúõĹ޸㡣ҼŮɰȴˣҲ޸£Ǹµ檣
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㣡Ҧ̫ôӵۣ࣬Ŀϡ
Сίίգñ£ֻܿ첻˵ġ
ˣ㸸ĸ֪޸һ۸ˣҪڵóӶˡ
û˵Ѿɿ֣˳ָա
۵ģӲˡ
һñдɴšȻһպʲôӡ
˵ļģͲʦˡ˾䣬Ҳʦ޹ء
еͷ
˵ֻ¼˶кãء
ϾǱĵˣ˾˵ġ
ͨ˼ҵĺӣʮ֮ѡҡ

һ¡
Ͻҡҡͷ
˰ɣŲΪʲôԼܡ
ҸͨˣһѰɣӲ𡣺αذôʱ޿̲ĵء
ֻĻͲϱˡ
ñ£һСšţ˼࣬ݡ
һһͣսˡ
һƬĬ
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ö̾Ϊֹ
Ҧ̫ôôܡ
˵һʲôҪһ䣬ѵĲ±ʦ飬Ķ
̫ˡѹЩݣ̫ǲűƢѽȻôһֱײѽ
㵵ػ
Сﻹһ棬òˡ
¶̫ôݣɲ̫˵ôߵģ̫ˣǲõġΪǡ˼˰죬Сһָѳ
䣬һһ˲Լͬθģ
㣡㣡Ҧ̫ôӵۣץ˸Сֿ˹ȥ֪Сʲ⵽̶ֳȵģϷƽ
Ҧ̫˵öˡ
ʵˡ
˵ûֽסǸСֿģͦġǼǿ˵ѵ̫Լһ룬ǻȵۣ߻κһ£̫Ҳ̬𣿡
ѵΪ̫Ǳµʦ´̫ˣ̫˲ŻڱǰƢ𣿡˵ţ̲סʣ̫˿Լ룬Եı£𣿡
ⷬڣҦ̫ˡ
Ƭ̣֪С㶮ʲô
ˣ첻زͷ뿴̡
˰æ˵ĸоͦȤڲ˵ˣȻӻ
ʦɱǺӣҲ
㻹ᣡҦ̫һŭʦ㲻䡣
ᵽ˵ˡ
׼ڣͱ׼ȷס졣
ʦǸӵ£Ժһֻ͡ϣʦú塣
ΣҾá
ȴüζ
һ޹غߡ
ҿδء´ٴʦͻõÿЩ
Ҧ̫һ⻰һӶ񣺡ֵߵڰ׵СѾͷͷۡ
ȴŶ죬һء
࿴˵
λʦƢ˭Ӳ
ɵߵڰ׵СѾͷʮֲ˰죬Ӳק֣һһ䣺ڤ粻Ϸӣ
Żи࣬ȻҦ̫֮䣬Ʊһ֮սҪ
ǳ֮ǰཫ˳ȥ
Ŷ
վԺԺﻹвٵ˶
ãһñ
ˣ
ԶԶأһЩϤ
ʮУ̾Ͳ³˭
οڻ˼Ҽ
˳ȥŹȣһɷ߹ģɲռҦϷˡ
ϷȽŲ㣬Ȼˡ
Ӧ죬Ϸ˶߼˹ȥ
ҦϷ˰
Ϸ˿壬һŹգһ߬Լһ˫ţϸ
ñʲôҲ塣
ϸˣһ
Ȼġ
ܳ
Ϸ˷ˣҲǸű̫̽ˣͷϷһ⡣
ҦϷЦеأɤɳƣȰӣҲºͶˡ
˵£ͷҲãҲãֵӲһ˰ˡ
׼Ϸôġ
һˣϷûа㽻ҲлǿһôϷ˸ˣ
һգϸԳǰʣ˵Ĺƽİ֣
ĸϷ˵䣬̽á
ϷֻûдԼ
֡
ԥ£ǲ̼˼ʧ
ǣǲ֪ˣʱģҦϷֽ׷ʡ
ĸ˷ϷˣЩһڡܲÿһҪǲǱáοޡ
Ҳܣһ֣ӾҲҪǲǡ
ҦϷ˵ɫԽѹ
ҵĹŮŶҵĹŮ
͵ˣŮŮѹʹ֮飬û
ˣĸ˼ùСãð˼¡˶˵ͷȰҦϷˡ
ĸȥ˼԰ùһӣĸ塣
ң
㡣
ҹԹ壿
ǣĸСùµ塣
߬ȹǣŽŲǵϷ˱˷һԶﲻס߶Ů
֪Ϊʲô˵ıӰЩܡ
ӡ
̫ʹˡ
װԴͥԺࡣ
ȥ֮ǰôģ
뿪ҦңصϣСñ·
֪˵ʲôˡ
ڸһ˼ʲôѽ˼ǵʦǳسһϻһ׮ԩ˼ûƽϣ˼һʱû뵽ҪǸͨˣһ״Ҫأ
̫ˡ
ôôܲס졣
Ҵˣͷɥأգһʱûס
ɿ֡
Сֺˡ
Ͷˣ۷۵ģѪɫÿˡ
´βˡ
˵赭дȴΪ棬ʵʵͷ´βˡ
´ξԻסġ
Ҧ̫ΣΣеΣֻ²
ʻһΣƬ̣̲סʣ£Ҫع𣿡

Щѹء
ѵóһΣȻ˲ͬطֻҦҸϴţ񣬺ûʲôĸоѽ
ھͻȥвʡ
Ҫװ屩ҩȥ
ع
Ƴһۣҡͷѵóôȥ̫˷ˣ
š
ƺڳ˼
ϣæҡҡ֣£ѵóһΣ²ȥĵط𣿡
ʲôط
˷ܵ˵ӣ
ֱ̧ӵͷϡ
ȴû˵ʲô
Ƭ̣һͣ¡
̾ϢԼеľһûˡ

ȥ󣬸ôܰοԼء
ȥ
̧̧°ͣǲȥͻȥˡ
㶣Ȼƿӡ
һҽεӣǰ
۾һ
ȥȥ
ȫѾڳ߷š
Ȼˣĵز֪ôźãֻл
ȻһҪԱл͵뵽棬о֮Сſں£ʲô¶
ǣɵЦŶڵıգգۣл
СﻶͶӣජıӰ΢΢ۡ

Щʵ
ӣСˡ
ļˡһܶš
ϵķûͬһתƣѾеˣ
ѽԺҲҪôɣȥκεطȥ棬ܡ
̣һһĿ
Ӻܴÿһ㶼˲ͬ鱦Ρ
ģɵģ觱ʯģС
ﻹвŮѡ
ζ࣬ƷʤȴԼġ
涢Ż
죬ҪԼѡһΡ
ÿ׹Ҳÿӣɫ͸
һ߿һ߱Ƚϡط֣еģûеĺá
ˡô졣
šüһѡȥأһ
һκС覣ͨ徧Өģѩ
֪ΪʲôȻţܻʺϱ
Ҫ͸һӰɡ
ƹģӸҰ
ճڣͬиŮӵ˵ƹģҪˡ
ף

һͬͷñһȹŮ
վǶѾ͸ӵš
ƹǣŹԵȣС͸
̲ˡù񰸡
ƹģҪģ
󵽽˳ѽ
ƹҲЦŹ￴ϵģﲻģ
ü
ƹ۸ɣ
ȵģҪģҲѽ
ƹĺǰȹŮת
λŹƹļˣżңʮǰΪսԪ˧µŮżΨһŮĪǲϵã
ˡŶ˵żҡֻһЩδĺǡ
ֵǮȥЩӣǿѣȥʮ꣬СĺӶʮ˾ˣء
ԭǰȹŮԪ˧Ů
Ů
գգۣǾС
ȹŮջߡ
ˣαغ˼ƽϡ
лδչ¶ͱ顣
ˡ
ոǸżҹ˵ǡˣ
ù
ǿй֮˼ҵŮϣ϶Ҫȥģ
̫ˣô
Ŷ
ۿǸҪƹİŹˡϲǾô
Сˣ
ʱ˸һ
СЩìܣСǰ
ƹһ̣ЦλС磬ߵλżҵĹ
ЦģԲܿɰܺ˵˵ˣżҽ̲ŮżԼ̣ӣƹĲʲô󵽣ǾСֱӽˣƹԼȺǡ
ȵȣǻûƹĻ
ո۸СƢõʱô˵˵أڿֲ˵˵ˣΪ˷ߣȻ۸ԼˡЦһ֣նԸˣҲ𣡡
лҪ˵ˣǴֳ
߻~

 46 

Ѿĳˡ
Ѿߺ, Ŀһ, İԵ
ֱ֪ӿʼҵ, ŵü
׺ģ̲סͻ׷˶Աһ, ⼸ܱ׷˻Ҫ׷ˡ
ڶ̶ʱѾҪɷһ硣ƹĲõĿ캰أסֻܲס˵ǲҪ̫ţӱˣ
ֵ̿ôλãȻҲûбܿġ
Ӵ, Ż˭أбñˣϺС˰ԲС, , ߡ
ڵŮǲµ, Ѿ͸Ѹ뿪, м̲סģ׷˵Լ˭ҵķ˭ҵĹ
вһЩд󳼵ļҾ죬ǻ, мɵʲô¶ԥֻԲƤһ˹֣ЦһС
Բסλ, Ժȥҿɡ
ȴǺԥĲӡ
곤Щķ˷Ӧ죬߳󣬸Ѿ߷վһһ
Сܾˡ
Աŵġ
СлʢģԼûͣԾһߥżҹ
ãǴżҵżˣ̣
·ͻȻǸӱһ룬м䲻Ƕ̶̵ʱ䣬Źҧ´֪롣
żҵŮżȫǶ֪ǵ˼ң⻧ô۸
£˵ãֱת
ʲôˣ֪żʲôңôżң治£
Ѿ߷ţñ¼Ŀɿڴ
֮ǰװεݻӣҳɷ棬һѵƷľҳ𣬰ƹĿ޺ȫȫǸѹյֳ
룬һôֳ
ǸЩߵŹ˵ˣҲش
żһӣҲ
ͨ˼ңǾ۸ȥ
ʼΪżҹҲŮôһĳʼøءŹˡ˾͵û
סȥٰƹ˸õģֹǰ
Ѿߺˡ
λСˣС۲ʶ̩ɽСĵ˷ˣҵŵ£̫ˡС˸ְ̧ɣ
̣Ҳֻ֮֡ǣĪֻͬ˵飬Ҽҡ˵Ҳûá
ûˣѾˡɲȥǰ߶߶һ߶ˣֳô졣
С֪Ҽӱˣңƹѹһ߰СˡѱǼˣСδֵˡ
ͬˡ
ңԵʲôˣһǵءɲǸңɲײ
ʲô˶˵ӡɱ۸С
ԲС˵ÿϲ߬ŵʯͷӽȥֱҵһľӡ
¡쳹ӼΪƽء
Ǽۼ鲻ùˡ
Ѿ߷˺һ࣬Ѿȴһˡ
Ǳߡ־е룬̲ס
Ѿȴ˵߲ŰȫǱ߻еء
˵Ҳǡ
ҵְΪѾ˲˵ΧۡҪ뿪Ҫȷеڡ
ͷñ̫ܿ٣ǿѾ߷ߡ
һԽԽ٣ط֣ôѾ·ҵô׼
빬
ܾ̫·ˡʳڣ־Ųԡڹһֱгʱ뿪ʱ
û빬ūһֱŹġֻ֮ǰ˵ͼԼ
ŽŲһ١
ͼ
ܾﲻ̫ԡ
ˣţǰȫġ
Ѿ߷һ
ֹҴ۸ӵСӺܶ࣬Ψûˡ
ƿñ
ȥʮİĻֻһЩ룬ӵĳҪˡ
֪ΪΣЩССĲ
̫ԶˣҲ֪µҵùȥ
Ѿȴקĸ첲Ȱţȥ֮󣬽Ҳ졣ǹȥˣƱҲУ˳ɻµġΪ˹İΣū澲ùȥ
ȴЩż
Щ˴ҵ̣Ǳˡ߹ٸˡ
ʲôΣյģʲôˣܴù
ǶʲôΣѽ
棬ᱻΧ۵ĿǼŲš
ĻᱻŲţȷ޷ơ˶ˣ˵Ļ¡
֪ͲȥʲôˣװôĻ¡
֪ǼҾͲȥˡ
ѾȴЦ˵úܺáԵӻûЧءĶǳԹļҾ죬ᣬżҵĹҲڡһǴ¡
ʲô£ǸҾ֪ˣԼұǸ첻߸ҵӵģ֪ôء
Ҳһῼôˡ
żҹҲǣƫҪռһͷʵʵ󵽲û𡣡
Ѿ߽ͣû֪ѶϢλżҹ˲ͬ
ʮǰԪ˧ս߹أΪ֪Ԫ˧˸һŮΪϷܲ˼꣬ڱ߹һŵ˼ﱧ˸Ůӣ䵱Ԫ˧Ԫ˧˵Ůߣ롣
żΨһŮݵúܡżΪˣ˭ҲҶżҶ˵ʲôôЩ꣬ĵƢ˭ǰòġ
ѹˡ
̾
ɱˣɱˣ
͵ش캰صļУһһۼȥΧ۵ĿͣܵЬӿ񱼡ﲻϺš
ɱˣһ
ĸ۵űˣúõҸӾ˽飬Ҫֳ
ɱ𰡣
Ƶļת˦Ѿߵ֡
ߣȥű£
Ѿһ㶣ȹǱȥæ׷ȥǵģŪˣǱҪɱˣѽȥΣգ
ȺѵسǱ·ȥ
ֲ̫࣬˲˺üţ۵һȳһգԱһСӡ
ո˵ЩӶܻͨģ˵߹ȥ
˳ӣųصĵطȥȥҵˡ
ӿڣǱ˵ӡ
ͣǰԶ
۾һ׼ȥǰһֳִ󵶳ȥ
Ų͵һ٣˼صɴ۾
ֻһˣ£һΧðʳ³ֵˣ
ѾҪ֧ŲסƵģá
͵뵽ͨݸʱҲϹһΡ
ǡԱĴɱ
ΣգΣյģһСĻǸ˼ͷģ
ҪܣøϽܣܿ㣡
֪ԼôɽôҲתȥ
ҧ˴۵Ĵһɫĳӡ
ܡ
ȹèѸٳȥĺţµػѾģߣŬ֡
СϸŲ£ָң
лҪ˵ǸˣŬһ³
ˣŬһЩ~

 47 

Ų¡
һܺ޹תܡһ, ôҲ
еЩ, ٳδ
ֱ, ⽣Ӱ߲Զвʱͷµȶ, ɱ
£㰡Ŭָ֣㰡
ڣ֣ŵñС֡
ĬСﳤһǣȹ񱼡
һС˽ȥ
Ǻɱ
̿Ǿһ
νˡ
ñܵˣǰ߶ģ, һһҭأֻֽץ, Ŭû˵ĵطܡ
, ˡ
ͷֻ, óԼ̵ľ, еһεһٿ񱼡ܵȫûбϷͷӬƵĵײܵһҲܲ, ͣ
ȫ𣿡
涻ͷ
ֵһֱĲһԲ
˺Цؿ׵, Ȼµÿһ·
Ҳûͣûɿ֡
ȫˡ
໰䣬һ
˵Ļ
ˡð˳־µôãΪʲôö˶˵ģ˴ɱ
˭֪ء
౧С̧һۡ
С̫ܼˣûһ㷽еײܱܵϡ
һ½ʪˡŲ˼س˳׼վ
ʹӻûվȣˤĻС
۾ð⡣
ţźۣǷһǧ롣һ¶۵Ŀð
ֱӰСᱧ
Ϣ
ѽſĻУס
һأҶӡ
ѽ
Ųһ٣˼صͷеС
һֱ׳ã
ֱයֶˡ
·ң
ӣƿߡ
һʱļңֲǾˣ֪·
Ϊôӽ£һ㶼Ϥء
ܿİá
ƣվУӲǰѱ˻أ
ԱҲо֮ˣ֮ΪͿñֺúһģˡ

ſ˵Ļ¶̵أһСЦ
˵ͷ
ܸˣ
ѽֱ˵ԼڸʲôЦ˵ôһ˾ͿԱܿǣʱعˡ
Զ࿴һ۾ǵ֣ˮнͷ̷ŵСƷ
̻Ϣ
ȥûеģҲûУԺǻص¼޸ˣŻеء
ĬСﴩСӡ
⣬ͨճ֡
һ·񱼲Ϸ˭벻һط
һֶƮ֬۵ͷ֬ˮۣͷγ£ϰɹ̴̫İˡ
ĻУӸסССƿһϣİĻ
߶ģŮӡ͵ϸŲӾһģСѾǴľܣһ֬ˮۣҴҳһȥ
öѽ
Ҳ㡣ӣ̲ס˸硣
У̫ˣܲ֬ζ
౧ѰһջСĴǿһ䷿ŰѻеС¡
ϣſͷ
򵥵İһŴ齣һСһյƣԵĵûʲôˡ
ʮֵļªˡ
˵ʲôݣСڹУʮûмôªķ䡣
ڣҪͱǿ
ڴϣܾЩڣŲŲȥͷ
־ǻ˵ĿջסⴲҲ֪ɲɾҪס
Ÿո빬е˷ܣͱһҵļªܡ죬Щ޷ǳ
࿴˵Ķͷ
ԼŲһλã£·ȥ·ϡ
˵·ϣǹɱŤöˡ
ǽ˵Ϸһ䣬üߺߣࡣ
⻹ǽ
ţŵСԸ˾ʲôţһתʱ䣬СѾ·ϣۺ˯ˡ
գŵˡ
ȷС˯ˣòǽȻͷűãƿһӰѸ˽
ϡ
µ첻̧ͷſڵλ
˶ץסˣ
ͷش𣺡ϣץסģץסˡֻǺ淢ϱС˴ˣһʱûȫռƻС
޷ץס˾Уȥͥ顣
Ȼ֪֮˶⧲Ƕļƻ˳ƶΪˡ
֮飬ƽ̵ġǣСģǾֻˡ
㱨ϣ׼£סˡ
ȥ׼·Σб޹ƣʲôϰߵģѾʡ
˭춼ʵġֻǺСһ䣺֮ǰһֱţѾ߿ŵСˣڡҪ𣿡
ףˡ
Ȼһ˳ȥ
ʱ͵ŮӣŽ΢һȻߡ
ŵúˣϢ˰ȫУźܿ˯šһ˯ʱ˯˻ûۣƵĺҪˮ
ܿ죬ֱ§ոµĲ豭ȵˮֵߡ
ʣɤˣűͷ
ǺȺˡ
ȺˣҲѡ
ԼĻС
£
գգۣӱˡ
ɿֱۣȥˮ
ŷ֣ڼȻһ¡
֪£ȫˣΨ»ѹűϸŵһСȥ˿ǿջ֮ǰųǸˮƽ
ҷһ磬⣬̨֧
˾ͳԵ㶫
һ˵ԣŸմ׽Ь͵˻˻
ۡ
Сϰȵʳƿ̣ڴϵСֱˡ
Ь˳ְϵ
¶һ˫۵Сš
Ľ󣬻δüʲô˼ͱֺ
СĽжۣһۼġδСŰֺԶһ͸ˮݡ
üͷ壬Ȼ󷭿
ȻֺˮݣŵҲС
ˮݣСǰƷֲ۵Žֺסߺߡ
ۣҽôˣ
ŴſĽף
ûʲôһݾͺá
˿ȻڴੲݣҾߵ̫ˡһ·ܣһôԶľ룬ѹҽôۡ
˵䣬תţãȻȥĶûһֻˡ
жһСľ衣
裬ǽѽ
ڴϣཫˮ˽ȥˮ£˹
ӿǸСľһֱסֱĽ󣬽ĽˮС
£ԼԼ
ˣ
ϴţ
۾Ҫûлӻˡ
ôܵ
𶯡
СϣСĽţע⣬ˮС
ˮĽס
ڣŽţСૣԼ
ֱ˵
ݽŵʱ䣬ָĽűϡ
Сտһ·ȷûоģűЩ΢ĸס
ӡ
һ¡
ŴţָʪˮУű»
ʮֺţڲ߼
Ľ״Ư̯ССĽŷУոպá
ֺƱԵ鶯
̧֣СĽŸ뿪ˮУһˮʪһ˫Сϥͷ
һʼǶ˵ŲҪԼСһԣúܡ
ͷڴ齱ߣֽ˵Ͱ͵أҲǷŵһá
࿴ۡСأЩ
ˡ
ע⣬ĵˮݡѸ٣ֻȫã׼õҩɴס
ĬĬؽŲȹ£קקȹǿȫס
˯ˡ
ҲԼǲǸ˯ĬĬͷ˯СӣԼʵʵ
ϹһССİ
˹ʰƺ
ûĵСѾͷ
ãϴϣߡ
ӡ
ı̧
๴˹ǣקӸϡ
£Ӧ˯СĬĬһţŲŲ
ڶ
ۣ˴ָ⡣
ţЩˡ
´λǻطɡ
ɲ֪ʲôͷװ˯ãֱıûзֻǳǳһʱ³һ
£һ˫ĽţŤ޴š
´ξԲĽˡ
¶ġ
ֻǡ˯š
۽סװľͷˡ
ѽ֪Ͳװ˯ˣҲںõöࡣҹеľǻʲôûмء
˷ˡ

Ŵ洫һ
ӱȥ֬ζ˳Ŵ϶Ʈ
ԽԽԡ
ŮӵĽЦôôࡣ
ิӵ
ҹлô
һȻ˸Ե
ƺЦܣһ϶һ
Ůӵܴ󣬻ӵģ
ף
ܾﲻԣһһ˫Ķ䡣
ԣ
˲˶װ˯ͷ
ҹУһֱӵ
ûʲôԺĺ
лҪ˵ţŬˣ
ֳ

 48 

һ˯˺ۡ
ѹʱ, ܾԼǲǼǴʱ, 졣
Ӷù, ˯ʱ̫˻Щͷ, ڴԺ˰졣
ѾҲ˯˶೤ʱѽ
˸ǷԴ߷һδ¡
һɫȹһ׵һĶ
һ´˻һ
Ľ۵˽죬۵ġ
һԣûּѹе, ǿҲסˡ
һµǺÿȥȷ, Լ˰, , ϴ, һſˡ
һ糿
ӸһֽŵĶ, װӡ
ԹǶаӡ
Ƥڶ࣬һҧȥ⡣
۾
ζأھȻǺܺóԵģ
װӺܿ¶, ˮһ̾
Աˡ
ԼҰӣǶСԣȳԵףҴҺóԵġ
űӵͷ˳ѾԸɾ˵ֽ
ӣֻ׵ģиóԵģ
ӡ
ţܼԣ
ãҲ˲ýˣߴٱھȥ
û뵽һ˯ҲüҴҵĻعȥأ
ôһ£ǲڹ졣أ
ûôżСﰴ¡
ʲôŲˣ
Ͻ˲ˣ
ȻɻеۣţΪ˳ȥתΪ棬Ϊ˳ԣ̣
ˡ
ƽˮ˾ͲֻۣҪ˿ڡ
˵ۣǵĲۣ߲˼
ﻹ׼һñԼϣ۰Ͱ͵ࡣ
ʱ䣬Ҳ࣬˿ڣš
ջ⣬Ѿһںˡ
ճʱȻͬһСɵĲյһûУӵúܡ
һ಼ﲻſڴ̨ߣһ⿴
һ·ƽճǣûʲôرģȴýζ
˵طñɴϳǰһ¥
Ϲšζӡ֡
˽ȥ硣
Ӷˣͣűӣұᡣ
ŻñţȻ˭ܿǸģ
õǰ·˶¥ٴߵһż䡣
һŴϣѾڵĲˡ
õƤӷ÷ɿ죺үˣǾһζӵơӹ㣬вƽӻ۱裬㣬˱Ŵ׷
˵أϷռ޹ģǲ֪ζӵĿζζӵɫرóˣʲôطĶСҽľɫζȫҺʱӳġЩүһʱǰõģڣŷʱճأ˳
㶣ڶˡ
ԭ뿪׼һ
õ뿪ˣȥñݹӣһһ󣬱һۣЦɵأ㣡ζ
ĳóԵѽ
ЩζٽӴġ
ϺϱߵĲͬζٵĸоǴвͬԹͬȲˣȴࡣ
һ߳ԣһмơ
ζ˵Ҳ
ݡת˸ڣ𣿡
࿿޽εĿٴСԵú㣬пδͣ
ڡ
ŷӦĲɫĶڵġ
СϰߵģһʱȻûз֡
ڱͬʳǿܽļ⣬ζȴǲܽܡ
ǰһʱĲˣûһܳԵġ
ҧſӣԥһ¡
ȵңȵҾͺá
¿ñ뿪ż䡣
ǰߣžиŮĬĬˡ
ȹڶ¥תȦסõġ
Ҫһ³ʱҲ־¥Ҳ֪᲻衣
˭֪õر˵ֱȥ˳
вͬһӴĳȻֻмģﶼûгˣǻδ
ãȻͷ
Ӷ¥һ¥ݣȴǿʲôġ
Ҿ¥ķôóԣôûأ
ˡ
Щ룬Ͳˣ˵⣬Ӷʮϣ׼ˡ
һĺʱˣζӵĳʮȫõȣñӣڹһ泴Ӻ⣬һ˸Ͻֽ֭õµζϣС˿һţ⡣
˱ءֽſ쵽úǶﲻֻܽһһ¥ȥ
ʱɽҩӵײ㣬ϴɾĴ档
ǰǰʱ䣬ƲˣԼɽҩ߳
ԭĴϣһ붼ˣĲɫ
аƷҲģڵģǺһϵڽȻͬķζ
ŶС
ͷȺںƣ͸졣
ϻλãɽҩ󹦸ɡ
ʱ͵˵˼ָҪʱȥģǰƷ
ɫ̧ô뵽ԼȥǾ¥
ӣҧſӷ˻Ȼһƣˡ
ţһˣȴڣһӦȥˡȻ˿ֱþ¥ȥ׼
ңǼգǾһľ¥գر
¿ӣضϵȲˡ
⼸ȥú¸
ఴס֡
úõģʲôüƢô󣬶ҳˣ
ŲеñĲˣ¥ζոӻ˲Żȥ
Ĳã˵֣šü»ǳԴİɡҸոճģĺóԡ
ո˵أգˣǻرóĶű£ĲɫζءҪҲǸóġ
Խ˵Խûõ
ոյôģҪһȺұǰ׾ûɫĲˡ
ʹ𣿡
ΰ֣Щá
Ŵأʲô
ңʲô
⻹ʣһζӣֻ򵥵ļҳˣмرѽ
ҡһֻ°͡
ôȻˣ
ͰظĻʡʲô
ɿ֣ӣСĲһһӡ
ƳɵСһۣ˹˵ٺҺθɡֻġ
лҪ˵곤ô
ͷ

 49 

˾һζӵƲ, ϶˰ɫС, ǴһʳصĹС
Ԫպ⡣
ԿŮΪ׵ĹŮǺͿ޿Ѿڵ, ڵȵ´, ȷİȫ˿
û¾ͺã˾ͺúϢ˵ģǧҪˡ
һȹͷָָԼ
ԵȣЩ
װ˾ǰϵĸζ
һʳ, ĹŮǾþ޷һǡ
޿Ѿ߳ҭͣˡصڣѾ߹űߣʡ
, ̫ܵūû׷ϡ˿ɻã
Ԫڷ˺ü̿, ¶ȲͽϵĶ, ôһ, ְѲڶһ¶˳
ţѽ
ҧһˣǵ
Ѿ߿޲ȥˡ
նʧˣΪҪ, û뵽ܿ˵ѾȫŰ복СԻ
ûܵţ
ҧǲǲ
ܵ˾ѽǱûг£Եζ, ¹˰֣㹻ˡ
ûء
ЦиѾߵһȦͦóԵġ
ˣѾԵȥȦôգܹȥΪ̫ðˡΣ˶ñԼ
Цŵͷ
ĺˣû¡
ѾָģŲʱ䣬ΪôżǣǸĵġ
һԪڵļƹܹŮŵˣʱ䣬š
죬Ҳû
Լ죬סˣÿȥʱæʲôǲæȥˡ
̽һ
ˣ⼸æ⳯顣
ǰձ´˳ʱͷɱȻǳ˶סԱ֪ˡ
ǲǲӣȻصͷڲ鱳ǲǣ
ɫȴЩ΢
ˡǡ
³Ӻ˶֣Ǻˡ
һ֮⵽͵ϮɱһʱѵҪ𣿳͢ЩԱѲɻб뷨
˲֪⼸գæŵģҲΪ
йԱ飬˵Ǳ¡ຬŵСǼ£ڳв˵Ϊ£ʿŭ߻ⳡɱΪСӱ𡣡
еӶȥˣһ˵
Ҳ˵ʱţǴߵģ˵Ҳ֪ǱˣһϵûС
ձΪһʱ䣬ŽԼϡЩԱǻ룬˿ԼľȻֻ
ʲôʿ
ʿմɱһ֮ˣ¼ûһˡ
ȷЩƣƫƫ˵⻰ˣǲֳҪְĹԱ糯ʱΪƽģϣＺگ顣
Ｚگ
ãÿͣ˲֪Ｚگָλڼּ˻ӾϷ˼ĴвİΣֻߡΪԼĹ³ǸԷＺگǸʱֵġ
˽ͣ˼һ¡Ｚگ˵ӵҼ֡
ǱʲôûУƽ޹ʱ˵ִɱƾʲôҪＺگ
дԴﻵ
ùǺǲǹأ˶֪˺£ô˵ֻɵϣɵϣ
౻ЩˣЦ⣺д볯Ϊ٣ɵģǸи˽İˡҲúǶŭȻᴦõġ
֪϶ôһȺұĳӣֻҪһ뵽һ֣֮Щ˴ɱǰԼĳеĴӱں󣬾;ί
ЩĶϹ˵ģ
ԥһ¡
ˣǲܴˣˣ´ˡ
Ѿ߰ڿֽʣÿϸϸ˼¡
ǳСֽϣλӰ
Ѿ濴ţ˳
Ҫλ˼סѰһʱһҪ˵ʲôʲôԡ
űһ㶡

ǲǿԼ棬߲Ҫ棬ֻҪ֪ʲô
˵ʯͷЬĨʲôģ
ãôɣ
ֻҪ뵽ԼЩʲôСˡ
ع¶ԽԽͣ˪¶ʱһݰ
ˣŸϣ빬ˡ
Ҷһأ֦ͷϿյֻʣ¼ƬҶӹŮǶյһģѧŴҶء
żң
µѾ߸֣ù
żңżң뵽ľ¥żҹˡ
żҹֲ֪ݣӦø޹ءйϵģżҵĶˣ
һ仰˵ƹӣϻ
һɨЩ𾪡
Ϸˣ
صڣСϣѾС̺ӸϡСůůͺ͵أŰ
żһλϷˣ
ˣǵġȲ裬ӹϸĸͣżϷ˵Ǹ˲õʱżԪ˧һϹսżҵжΪмλϱʣһЩδĺǡϷ˾±Щǡˡ
ȻżҵϷˣżڵĵˡ
ڲģʱżҵĵϷԸ°˵Ҳ֡
뵽֪żһи
˵ģżҵŮƼ
ȷʲô֪
˵λżҵŮҲǸˡͣʮǰԪ˧Զ߹أѾ׵Ԫ˧˸ȥ˶ûлϷܲ˼꣬żҵѰ˸µŮͯӵǳԪ˧ͷ˵Ů߳䵱Ů֣ҲΪǸδС
ŹƼƼûĺӾͽ𣿡档
⵹ǡȴ˵࣬ūֻ֪Ƽ֣ȡŹһ롣
λŹżΨһŮȻŮżҶܺãⶼżңҲǾĹŮ
ʵһ䣺ŹϷ˵ߣܺã
϶ػش𣺡ơ
Ŷ֪ˡϷΪŮ¶ˡ
żҵϷˣð졣
˵Ӧʣڶݷá
ѵܲӦֻͬˡ
ͬ˹ͬˣлûеæڳ飬һֲ̯˼ڹȥӦôżҵϷˣǸͷ۵ˡ

һҹû˯á
ϴˣеȺš
Ůһһ
ˣϷЯŹ˹š
ˣϷѾִ»š
˿ˣ
ţʱ䡣
ϷԪ˧ӣһƷھˡ֮⣬ҲŮһ˼棬ʵΪѡ
ʱ䣬
Ҫ棬ɲǸ򵥵¡ԴҲҪǲҪȥӭһӭϷ˲ǣ
Ҳ֪λϷˣһʲôˡ᲻ҦϷһ
ȹߵһ룬СŮܵ÷ɿ죬һˣϷЯ˺Źߵһ룬£תȥ
£ǲǱ֪ѽ
һ㶡
СŮ˵仰Ĵ˵ˣ·ԸСˣ´ˡҲһ˽ᡣ˷ſģξΣڴ·ġ
ڣýӴżϷˣȻ˿վԭתصʱԼһѶδأҵ⡭㲻Ҳһ𡣡
ǡǡ
ᰡ
лҪ˵Ҳһֳܴ

 50 

·˽, ˲鷳æµһյԪ
ȴв, ͣȥ
Ůһȥ, Ƕ˵ǣżϷ˴Ŷ˺ŹС˻, ȴŹ뿪ˣϷڵСʱ˵Щʲô֪뿪ʱϷ˳ġ
ǰŵ֪Ϸ뿪϶񣬼Ҵ̧˼һ·ֱȥץˡ
, ԰ʱָϷһˣҲԷһɡ
Ǽ붬ĺ䡣
ͥĻܴ໻˾, һ, ֦ͷʣµĿݻҶӷ˰, ƮƮء
ææµµɨҶ, أ϶Цʺá
˰
롣
ϵİ׵׺÷񳤵, ·磬ŵϵĿҶһ
ŲҴңͥʱһɹ紵䡣
ֽˡ
ҪʼѧЩˣĴʱˡ
ҳˡ
һ, ڵڳһС滹ڷһ߹ޡ
Ϸ˷
ڵ˻ȷûˣŸҽȥ
ľҪСģ͵
Ȼ﷢⡣
ֱȥů
ûڴ񣬶ǿ齣ѵõķɡ
¡
ԾǰԼѰԲĵˡ
Աߵĸ߽żϰһۣ̽Ծ˽ۣݸˡ
ˡ
಻ֻ֣ſ졣
˼ۣȷˡ
Ҫι
ιѽ
ͷ˿еĹ⣬ԥ£ŵݵ˵ߡ
Σҧס
ιһСۣȡڲ֣
һʱһӴң
ȡһۡ
ְס֡
ţ˵
ŶһԹջֵϥϡ
°סżҵϷˡšλϷǲΪǰǼģ
š
Ҳӡ
̫̫̣֪ŮˣԼǸֻݵͣǰֲúá̫̫۸ء˵˹ôһ졣
졣
Ҳ֪ѽ
żλϷСŮǸģδػšôһȷˣżϷûʲô¶
ڱǰżϷộҲֻʵʵǸ
һǹȥˡ
Ϸ˺ܲ˵𣿡
ϹսŮһҽĺǣϷĶѣĲ֪ô졣
šܲ˵
Լ˸ۣСС
Ӳ֭Һ¡
Ϊñһ£ǹϵǹָȵۣʱ
󼹱
ǹָȵ۴ʱóҪΪϷľ۸˼Ů᲻һֱԪ
̫̫˰ɡ
˵ֽ˼ۣһ

Ǿ֮ѽ
һʱ죬СĽӣ˵ӡ
أ
鱩Уִ˵ֱ໹ǵ˿еĽӲ֡
㵨󡣡
Ǹһ۾ŵɪɪСڵѾ󵽿Եˡ
ŲԼأϷ˾ŵˡ
Ϸ˻᲻̫ƫ̻ԼŮˡ֪ģġӣǲ
ûأֵôף󻹰˳Ϊ¶˱٣˴ɱ
ǶǸŹϲ
һŮҲһ
ϷţܶԴϷ˶żҳһĶˣŮһﱲѾͷϷ˼į˳ŮҲûԵĽ¶ˡ
ôһ룬Ҳͨ
Լһ롣ȫҵʣµĳһԲõĶϱеľﱲĶǣҪ׽ˣȻŮˡ
ֱģһֱߡĻ˼ҶŮã΢ЩҲǲ⡣
ӣƲ֣Źã˴г
˵ӦˣһƣûУΪûз
Сլ˵ˣ飬ٻȥ
ŷѣȴŶ̤ҲûзҪάʱ
˵
ζؿһۣպǷҡ
Ųأ
Ų᷸ءһ򲽷˴Ҳǳάѽôñά
ŲŲء
˵ͷ
УԺԺ˵ҵš
˿ʼ۳ԡ
ǲˣ
֪䣬һ۶ι˿ʼˣСڲ֪ϵı˵ϺãЩƵġ
һӣ̾˿
šۡ
һС
ۣ
ףѵ𣡶֭óԣ
˲˵Ļ¿еѣְţһ࣬һιԼ˲ͷҲ̧Ƥش𣺡ѽѡõӡ
˵ż£ǷһǿĲ
ոʱʱɨ˷ϵķ뵽Ǹûеõİ
˵Ǹ㲻öϡ档
ȥǲʵҲãһź䡣
ûе֣ôҲܷƪԽԽǡ
²֪Ǹӣҿʱ;źܡ֪ΪʲôЩ˼˵Ļת˵ܺʡϧˣǸˡ
൹ǵȻ
һӰˡǸ˵ǺûϵҲôʲôϡ˾ˡ
СʣǸӣ˾͡
ɨһ۾֪Сʲô
㻹˸״
زҡͷ
Ųء϶û˸¸״ģ˭ѽ
ôһǱҿ϶֪Ǳ¸ɵˡ
ô˵ĻǲָµĨˣ
ִӡ
ǶΪء
ԣ˵ġ
ιüѣҲһֱڷ
ôϲ
ʳ
ţ
ãȻ
ˡ
̧̣Ը˼䡣
ûһ˸ڹһСϻӣݸ˱
ӹСϻӵС
ʲô
ӵĶѾϰΪˡ
˳ִ򿪣СϻǡһԿף
Ƴһۡ
šҵ˽Կס
˽ԿףԿ׵ֶҪˡ
µ˽⣬ǿҲǱȹСôһĴѽ
Կôˣ
ǸҵĿⷿﶫ࣬ȫˡ
ֱ׳˵̧꣬СԴ
ҪʲôԼáе㶼УûеģʲôС
㡣
лҪ˵۵һ

 51 

ʮһ
˽ʲô
һҲ⡣
һѵ˽Կ׵, û¾Ӳһ, õ, Ȼﷴ
һССԿױһ, ʲôء
Ǻ棬ȥ
ŮߣܿԿ׷̲סЦŽ飺¸ˣ˵ġԿܴ򿪵ı󣬶˵ġ
Ҳ֪ǡ
ҿ
ԿףȴЩơ
ŲٵġЩ˺µġղƷ, ô죿
ǻǰֻһӡӵ˽϶ôпǴȵм̳ġȵ֮ǸϵһҲ֪ôġ
˽ص㻹һ˽档
һʲôܸ˿ղƷ, , е㲻̫ã
ο, ʲô, 꿴Ļˡ˽ʲôУΨŮõͷ֮ģ붼, ϶һ߽ǵġ
Ȼôȥ˽ʲô, ˵壿
⻰˵ģʲôҿģ
ŮЩĦ뷨ĽűߣϸһС̺ӡ
ʲôءǱ¸˵ģʲôǿԸ˿ġҲȥá֮䣬ôϣء
϶һС̺ӣůͶˡ
ҲС̺ˡ
˽⣬Ǳµǻ֮ǰеģ֮ѽ
£ϲղһʲôأ
ŮȻЦ˵˽Ǳµġ
µǻʱͰȵ۵˽ȫó˹⡣ڵ˽ȫǱµǻ֮ܵġ
Ů룬ЦЩ
ЩǱԼģȫˣǲܽܣʵһ뷨˵Ǳ¸˵Ƹء
ƸƸˣԿûס̺ŻץԿףĿİأƸʲôģô˵
ʲôƸѽ
ƸƸɲģ
ƸҪºģһСϸһСˣôƸ֡
Ժ󣬵ԺİɡԺ󱩾ֵ˽ˡԳˣʱҸ˼޵ʱ˵ܼƸˡ
˭ҵƸҲǱֱӾһ˽⡣
֮˵Ǳڵҡ
ƸҲҵģ
£˲֪˵ʲôˡ
һԺ󶼼޲ȥˡ
Բܱƫˣ
ô룬ܣ
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˵꣬һСģԿ״ӡ
̿ӹԿףŻСϻ
úúãū澴ˣū澲ðܻµˣЦźʵū˵⻰Ҳǰܻµ¶Ҹʲô˵ء
Ҳܡ
ţ˵ġ
¶ģһҪͨ˼ҵƸʲôģǧΪһ仰
һľţڱµ˽⣬ȥһۣ
ӱµǻ񣬾ղЩʲôЩϲġ
ܿء
ԿףҲʱȥġǰȥ֪ͨƹ˽ڹ٣Լ˸ʱ䣬ȥ
ڹԪš
ˣʱ໹жһֺֺչ˵̿յ֮ȡ̿ķһ㣬ȻһףűڻУʮů͡
紵ϼߣһš
ǵĺ䣬ѰϿĽȻͬ
ö࣬Ƿ紵ϣЩۡ
˽Զλòںǰ
һ·ż߹ȥѾ˶ĶñһţֺͶӣطñƵġ
ˣ
ѹرۡ
˽ʲôÿģֵô
ֵ
ȥ˯ء
ǰǹضãʱôࡣú䣬Ҳֱֻͦ˼米ó̬
ڹƹȣִ˽⡣
˽ŷȣֱ˸첲վָŸոմűߡ
Ǵ
ˣԿ׻ó
ڹٹԿס
Կȣݹȥ󣬺ܿ쿪ǻƽͭ
ǲ
ˣ롪
ȺصĴűĸ˻ƿ
ڹվż⣬ûгڿһۣǹȽ
ùǺſںѾˣһȹ̧ż
ټĿⷿһꡣ
վſڣɨһۡ
ǽλãȫǸ߸ߵĹӡ϶˸䱦
ϻܣӣȫһһ̿

۾ٿۡ
˽ܱûд͸ġ˽ÿһξ룬ͷһȭͷ顣
⼸ʮټһ˽ĸ䡣
鿴ڹٷӦ죬͵ˣΪ˽ڶǱµĸֲƷΧδд߹ұ²ϲ򣬷Ҳȫʹӿȡ˹ƶʮĿϺ
Ϻ飬
Ĭˡ
ƴԴ¡Ϻġܶǰ常Ѳĸһӣ׺ŵľϺ顣
Լָͷһš
Ǹڿ㼰Ǻ󣬸˿㡣
ΪϺ󣬺٣˿㣬ûСҲ⡣
ԶϺӡ
һûϳʵǲ
ָͷС飬ȭͷ顣
һͷε飬һ顣
ĺѷһѽ
Ǹտ˽⣬ͱЩϺһĬĬԼСţԼѾˡ
䲻ˡ
Щů͵ĸо
¶ȣȣ
ִһУһǰĹʻ
ɵˡ
򿪵֣ʱСС
ˣΪڹߵſڣλòԶĵطƿһӡ
һ򿪣׵ôۣ̲סۡ
Ϊһůɡ
ţ
ۣǿӿ
ӴԼ˫ִ򿪱ȼһЩô
ֻһĴСֻСôһȦ
ů
һ鶼ů
ԥ
Үů
ôһů񣡾Ȼûе̵ԭ̬ģ
ôװڵϡ
ѽ
̾Ȼڹٻմӡ
һͷĿӱ򿪡
ͬ׵ôۡ
Щˣ䣬ů񡣡
ڹվЦúͰɵۡ
ģôһ
ôů񣬻ֹһӵů
һ
Դκġ
ʱ˵ʲôţ˵ȫ
ǲҪһҹɵйĵزѽ
ǿֳӣƽһ顣
ҿȥˡһһ̰ˣҪЩ̲סƤȥ˵ҪЩƸ᲻Ӱӳȥѽ
ǣЩеѽ
ô죿
ſ鲻ǰС
ſһ㣬ôҼȥңסˡ
ˣڹɻؿȻˣ˼Сˣһȥʣµȫ򿨡
ǽϵ
յģеȫǰ򿪡
һ̣֪ʲô̵ۡ
˰죬СȻס˺֪Ӧȿ
ⱦѾִݵˡ
һ̣ǰһƬѳɵɽɽ£Ϻ顣
ѡڹٻǶָڵĲƷ˵˵ˣԺ˵ġ˻̫죬֪ѡЩʲô⿴þͿˡ
ؿڡ
бˣ㣡Ҫôô죬ᵱģ
ʹرۡ
ܴӦ
ֳ붼һµģ
ԲУ
ǿȰסԼһľƽ顣
Ҫסģ
ܱǰĸɱ˫ۣ
ԼĴȣ˻һ
ЩǱģġҪˡЩЩԺǱӵġ
Ųء
Ǳ˾ȢɣȥҪһǣǵѽ
һһͺˡ
ǿ˳Լ⣬Ѿůʹֻ
ҪµİĿ϶á
ȻģǣģҲǿԵİɣ
һȦûгƷ
ûе𣿡
ڹЦÿɬˣµ˽УδЩƷġʯԭ
ҿʯ¶ģʯʲôˡ
ʵڲУҸʯͷȻҸõʦһҲԡ
ڹеʯ˹ȥ
Сָģ󵽰˴ģͨģ׳͸ģīģкƻġ
ۡ
ѹֱµʱ˵Щϡ
ȷǺͱµĲƷЩǴֻˡ
ĸ˱ǸҲȥѽ
ѡѡȥѡһʯ
˾Ҫأ
ڹټˣֻùŮһʯˣԵĶǣѡ
ҾҪ룬ϲ񡣡
ڹˣǣСļסˡ
صУԸȥһõʦ
еʯ˽õһˡһ

ġ
ˣȥԼģ
ڶ죬Ԫӭһˡ
Ϊ׵˽ڹ٣߰˸̧ӡ
ˡ
ڹټЦ
Щʲô
ۣ档öѽ
·Ը˵е񣬶ȸ˰ᵽȥ档ڹ͵
ȵȣ̲סĻЩеᵽҵСʲô
档
ڹظľְ𣺡ձ֪˾ѡʯǾͷԸСģеѼˡ˼Ȼϲȫ档˵ԵĲ࣬ھ࣬һӵˡ
ˣɡ
лҪ˵Ҳ棡
컹ԣ

 52 

ո, Ԫϳˡ
ѰϿʱ, ƺʲô𡣰̿Ҳڵ¶ȡοĸԸ, СӼҵķ䣬ܳ̿, ̿ͨжѾչ˲ܵĻƽ׺
԰̿裬϶ǿӣǿ
ڣǹź£ܲžšڷҲǽܷ, Сӿ顣
û뵽ȴвͬ
ڲ̿ĸ¯Щֱ治ȡů
ߴ˼ͨ磬Ĺ, ټĵھȻ, Ҫź·, űһȹͿɡ
ֻغ, ˵ųȥţܸܵļĺ
˭ҳѽ
ڵĹŮҲ, ȥʱһë磬һž·, ýĺ
ˣūȥҹˡڹʦ͵Ϲˣȥͱǲ˹˾ģ˾䡣
˵ھ磬̿ůӣŶߡ
һŰϣ˸ӡ
ֳаЩѾε
һһµģŲͬĸ
Щū澴˾Ƕõģȫġ˹Ŀ
ۡ
ͨǴģͷ񻨣֧÷÷׺˻꣬оǻתһȦͷĻֵء
мֺÿ
ôôţϸֵַǲ̫ʺϱ
ǵֻǸĻǶգҲϲȴһЩʺӵϢ
ղַһ֧ӣȷֳ֬Ϣᣬ̵ַνϸ壬ǸˣȴǲС
˾䣬ûԵóˣ
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ǿ˾䣬ЩѰˡ
ɲѽҲЩˡ
˾գǾŲȴܹñ
ǳûˡ
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ԭĿȥ
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ʶ̫ǳˡ뵱ʱҲûɳŹΨôΣȫҳʱ常ȥû˵ĵط׼úˣһ
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֣ٵشţƹƣ
¶˺Ȼ˫ֽǰϥ񣺡ˣơûС

ƶˡ
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Ͻοˣһ£ʵڲô򵥡ū֪ģȵ𣬾ûλõŹơ
Ҳ֪ǴӺζ֪ġ˵ţӿһź硣
޹֮ǰ빬еĽʱһ䡣
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ӴĴָʳָ⣬һһ
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 53 

, صԪͲװԺֻĬĬӲѡʺ˵, ȻŲü
ü·, һҲҪһ㹤, Ѱ˼ţܵҪˡ
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˷һţȥ꿪˴ܴˡ
, Ҳܸüֺá˵ԺȥˣҲܶһЩء
·Ƭǿ죬ȫռ, Ҫô, Щʲô, ְסˡ
͵͵Ը, ȥʰǣƽĳϣʲôͼơ
, ɵһ˿
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Сĸ밲µ֪Ҫ֪ƽﳣľ, طԸСһһĽ
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ǶһԲڹһһȥĴͼƻͼֻʲôͼơ
ڹٽرϸ£ޱ顣

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еһţ˷ܵطԸȥ׼ͳ
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 54 

һ¶
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ЩһͲѰ
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⵹ҲʧΪһ취
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ţӶתˣһ·ʳ۰Ͱ͵ء
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Ƥ˵ùţһ·ֶˣȷҪţǾһɡ
ǰһ˵ʮ֣һǶ֣ϷԸ磬Ҳȥһݻ
ܵú⣬һһͽֱ̯ĳ϶Ҫװ£ûзӦʱ̲סȰ裺ˣЩŲãȥֱûеطˡ
£ҵ˰õĵط
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л Сʹ͡
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Ķ͵ˣżһ˻켣С
̧ͷۣѰĵطһͨģûйңƾɣСľӡ
ľſţſڷһ¯ӵ긾棬Աߵĸߴˣֳڰ˦žžֱ졣
¯һ
ˣ
̧ǰ
ҵģװʮֱ
ǰ߹һµˣЦŽһЩͭǮſˣСУǴӵĵ˷Ը
¹ˣôվɵ˲ٰ
ǱкЦ⣺ȵиԲȵܵкӡ
ǰˣ΢һȣȴ뵱ҵʶģһֱ˵ֻͣƿһѧӵ˵
ҵģװʮֱ
Ůҽ룬˲䣬˵ӾĿ̲ס
ñֻܿǸòĸ߸ɾͦᣬʲס
Ǵӵҿ۹УЦɲɣֻʮ
λɣҲżһ
롣
˼ʮֱ϶ǲеģҪʮֻΪԼҲԡ
⹫ı磬û˼Ϊ˺ĵ
ֻҪ
һ֣ȻһСơ
ṫЦˡ
ҲֻҪ
ѧָ֣̯
ϣ¹ֱλСֱһһ룬λúˡ
ҵȡֽ¯ڵֱһװһݸһݸǸṫӡ
ֱǱˣͭǮһֻʮͭǮ
˱ɲƳȥˡ
תص̧ƿʱÿṫӷֳһһ뿪
ź䣬Ϊϴκͱһʱȴĥۣ
ҪһΣѧһѧĥȵ֡
Ǳ߽Ϲˣһ·ָŷ򣬺ܿʹǣ˾ԵЩˡ
ԶɽţϹ˹ˣĬʦסǰɽ£ΧһԺӵľǡ
̧ȥ룬ͷϹ˵ǼĬʦģǼ㣬ǻ֪˭¡
Ҳ˵뿤ҲʱȺ򣬿Ϲ˵ζ̫ˣһ۾ʶ𡣡
ԥ̧Զɽ£ǸֻܿһԵСԺӡ
һū澵ȷûǵ˴ݵĻū澵ȷøȥѵλĬʦƢЩŹ֣ȥˣǧǵ΢һҲ̫͡˺ôޣӲʱ򣬻ҪӲ
ȻҲЩԶЩţֱֻɽȥ
캮ضأһһ߷еСů¯ò׿ԺӣϽȥߵš
ĬʦĬʦ𣿡
ɽƮƮص
Ĭʦп
󣬾Ų̫ףȻñŬһģ
ҹҹ㣬Ҫ˼ҿһҹ㡣
ĹرãֻҪڳǸģʮֵܻˡ
ûһǰ˸ߵԺһˡ
һµṫš
ˡ
סṫüͷĿϣζ
ף
ŵֱ˲䲻ˡ
ոˣĬʦ
ԣո㲻ǣĬʦֱ͸
ıֱ֣
Ǹߴˡ
һغ
лҪ˵ʹ˯Q
˸

 55 

ȵȡ
Ĺӽס
, ҲĬʦ
վסˡ
תͷƲһۡ
һֱṫ, ҲΪĬʦģ
ΪĬʦ, Сʦ衣
ṫӴŴÿ
ϥ˳Ŷ롣
˵һũԺ, ǲ١׮ȦСԺֳһȦżСߴߴĴųתȦȦϻһЩʳ
ṫ˻ܿв
Ȼι
ѵ˵ĬʦĻƣҪֱש, Ҫʦι
ɲ˺ṫһ֪ǺϤĬʦˣǲĬʦϲȥġ
Ҷ, ֻСṫӣ¹, Ըһ𣿡
ǵֱĵҵ, ¹ӡ
ṫƺЩʷ, ȴĬȥһӵĳĵһմɵװһס
Ҫס
ʻճڣͼ, ΡΡȦȻץһף˹ȥ
ṫӲ, Щӡ
ι
ñϴúʵڼȦǰ׵ģ˿мȤζ
ṫȥҶһմɲ豭絲ǰм־衣
ˮṫʾ
Ҽҹﲻȣлλӡȥ
ףһȺСģȤһ׺ܿ꣬ҲȹǶߣýζ
ˣ
ϽվСȹӣһñĴɴ˵Ѿ
ǸԼʮӣߣӵò㵽мĸоһɿ˶ĺȴֻűһ㣬¶ǡ
ɨһ磬ζƳṫӣˣ
ṫӸϽ˰֣λģҲʶǧ˵
䣺Ҳʶ
Ĭʦ
ȷˣȥԼʮ꣬ӦþǴ˼Ĭʦˡ
ϽϥԸ罫ֱϡ
ĬʦʦΪҵһ֧ġ
ֱ͵Ĭʦǰ۾һУƳṫӣ˵ˡͬһıƭ˭أ
˵ȴӹֱһ졣
ṫҡͷ˵żȻţ
ֻ˸ۣתߡ
Ĭʦ
Ͻȹ׷ȥ֪ô˵ָֻȦʦҲιˣ
һ۰ɣ㣡ĺģ
ͷɨȦص׵СۣܲãιƸС˵ʶ
ṫζβˣ̾˿Ц˵Ҳ֪飬ţ
ߡ
λṫӲ֪ôƺֻù˹֣ƢãʣտҪֵԸ
л
һˡṫӲǺһĬʦģĬʦˣĹϵڰ˵ӻʲôµģֻҵһҪһʮֺõʦҵ̳һ֧õ֪ĬʦճȺˡ
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붬ˣʱûжˣɲٵȥˡ
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Ǹ۵ñˣڵġ
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Ĭ磿
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ĬʦȴûƵģƿṫӣ
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ҡͷ˺󣺡û
練Ӧ쵲ǰ 
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ĬʦԺУһС̺ӡ
е⡣Ȼġ
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ʣȴһֵƶ֪ʲôƵġ
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ĬʦģҲ֪ûС
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ȡӿ죬ʮ
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 56 

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һ̣ڹʱඣĻˡ
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ĬʦĻ, Աߵṫק䣬ͷۣĬ磡Ϲ˵ʲôŮӲɺ
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б¾ĬʦڱѾߵϣһ򴽽, Цſ񣬡ҵҪܽ˭
Ǹӣ
дض㡣
ôɵİһܺأǸѽ
˵ز˾
Ĭһ˺, Ƕñͷһۣקק½ǣȻ˵תܡ
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Ͷܳ׷Ľš
ʮ󣬹ȡİĬʦ
ҪвУ
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߿߿ߣ
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
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 57 

£
һ, Ͻĺ, ǣúõ, ôǺˣ
ţ룬, Զһ㡣
컺˹ĬĬ̧ͷ
úõأô
ֱӣֹԹԽϡ
ո˵ʣȴ⣬ʱ¡
ཫ֣СźѾ߶Ϻζۣʲô, ˵ʣ
ֻýոյĶԻظһ顣Ϊ|֮񡯵Ĺϵͱ֮ԶĽڲȥ, ֻ˵һ¡
Ҫҽ, Ҹ, ʱˡ
ǵ, ʶ㣬ڣŸ߰˶, Ȼ֪ʲô˼洵һ
ƽСﴵҲ, ʱȴ뱻ô
ʲôõĴʣû֪ıҪ
֪ܿʶڵȥ
£
ıáһʰˣ;ͲͣΪʲô˵û֪ıҪ
ʲôģɶҪѧġ
ȹ׷ȥСβͣ׺ĽŸС
²ǲ֪ɣ
ƧĴʶȥˣҲ֪Ҳܶ࣬ǼȻˣȻҪѧһѧġ
˵ǳõĴʣҲһ˵ȫûϵĻᡭ
ǰ͵פ㣬һͷײϣੲݵСڱˡ
õϵĻᡭã
ԴСŲǸߣǱ֮ǰ΢|ӯһ㣬ǱȽͬ͵Ůӣ̫С
ǳʱ峺һֱԺУδִ档
˵ڣͷһЩ̫ʡ
Щ˵ڡ
У漫ˡ
һָСϡ
ȥ˯
ڵĹŮ˳ȥµĿĴ齡
ڵĴ齱ֻһţһƽԵİ齡ÿʱ˯ڰ齻ƫвãԾͻȥֱӰһ΢СһĴ齣Ĵ齸һԶλãм˸롣
ʱ˵СȥûһţֳСߵ齱ߡ
ѽ
ôŵһʣµİţ鲻ƫУõߵĴϡ
ոĵĴֱʪ˸͸
ū澸
ſͨ͹ȥ
һͷѾ߹ڵѾϴˣǴϵʪѾȥ
һоƤӵ·ġ˸Ӧ
۾С
ڵϵѾʲô˼ұɵѾͷ˭ܿó
£Ѿͷֱūûн̺áҲϥȴ˵ֻⴲѾʪ˯ã½ҹ˼һ
ʪȥı죬ʣ˱첻ô
һţ飬ֲ
ˣ
һۣ۵׶Щ޿κεľ
ɨ۹ڵϵѾߺЦĿࡣ
ʹӵŽһģֻɵﻹûпϣ˵ġ
ôñ˯ڽ͸˵ĴأԱ²ǲϹصġ಻źۼסĻ
뵽ԪֲֻһڵձˣҲסƫ
ǻСδ䣬ͽп༱ҴҶסˡ
ˣ캮ضأûԵķӣ˻¡ͬޣ
캮ض뵽¶ȣʵûȥƫ
ͬޣʡ
˯˵Ĵ齡
ͦģ˯һƺҲװ¡
һˡ
аɡ
еķкࣺ˯໹ڲࣿ
ʱ򣬾ܾˣЩࡣ
൭°ڴϣСﹴ˹ָ
౧ֻ΢մʪһı죬һۣ˲Լͬ˿
˳ڵֻһյ΢谵⡣
յ¶˵ģůأᡣƽ˯ʱ䣬๴ָͷ͹ȥϴ齣ڴ߿˿ڵָʾ
ֱ§ӵڲȥ
յı쿴ᱡůءϲõ޽ͷĺµš
ͷһС䣬Լקק
ק
ѽء˵
ôһѽһ㣬Ȼ˯õѽ
˳ȥˣҪһͷİɡ
ڵֻ͵ͷĸO@
ק
С˯ˣۣѾ˯ˣקͷĶۡ
ԣ϶û˯ţǹģ
Ӧקһѡ
һקʱǡô̧̧ͷͷϺ͵ֱӱͷһͷԵڱ
ʱԼԼƺ̴ٵЦһ
ô
Ĺĵͷ˺Ͼ˫ֽԺв⣬ģǿˣϷ
ȡأ
£
еͷҹȥ̧뵽˵ݣҷֻƮƮһѡ
ʲô˯ⶼûˣ
š
һӹͷԼ󾱣֣˯õĸ첲ϡ
ˣ˯
գգ۾˵ı䣬ʵˡ
ͷĸ첲һ΢һ塣
ǹһ㲻Ҫˡ
ۺͬٴΣÿһʱŹǷĳ뿪ˣѾû¶ˡ
ױʱһ߸һ̲סʣҹǲԼ˯ˣ
ŹǷ
Լ˯ܰ˯𣿡
粻֪˵ʲôǺã˷٣ū뿪һȥŮ˵
ֵˣ֮ϵԽԽ죬л˵СãҲ
ȽԼߵѾ߹ŮҲţȥˡ
ûãͻˡ󣬿û֮ǰôˣ࣬üĿչˡ
ĬʦǶõһҲ򲻵춼ԪרŴʯСƫ﷭ң˰죬ҵǿһʯʵصġ
ȻȻȥѾõһˣôôǽ͡
á
ѡʯûصУʯͷ̾
ô죬ѵҪ뷨ӣʮȥĬʦǶȡ
ʵڲУʱĬʦСΪꡣ
СõĲƸôҲһƶʵˣ˲Ǯ
ܼ޸ĬʦҲȥҸŮӼ޸ôģֻˣǿǿˡ
ôһ룬ɶˡ
Ҳ׼ˣôǲǿԸ·ˡ
һΣôأ˷ˡ
ƻأڶŮٵˡ
ŮٵűȹԵŮٶҪ࣬ԪйŮҲ˸죬̣һµĶ
˶ѻ࣬ʽĶװȫѾɫ廨ͬ
ɣһЩ΢һЩģá
ӹǶ˳ڷԸŮ٣ȻͷȥǶ
һεĶɺɫ۵ķΧһȦɫĺëߣ¶棬仨ˮΪͼʮֵóɫ
ףǺÿ
۾ϲˣƿŮȴվǶЦ
뿴һڵȥֻ˶Կôͻж졣
ж죿ֻһ˿
ʱȤ̱ŶЬҲܽڵŮǱͷһ˻һ£˶
žડ
ӶһСӡ
ף
ŶʰСӡ
ӷʲôûУһҳʮСд֡
ܻͼ
лҪ˵ֵ֪ʶˡ

 58 

ܻͼ
ֵǳ, һ, ȴʮֵƧ
ѵͼ, רܻ֣
ôĶ
Ů˵Ļǲǿ, Ӿ⾪ϲıж죿
˵ڶҳ
֣дʲô֮Ҳķ򸾶|ףؿģ档
秵ģ
ȫ֪˵ЩʲôҲûͼЩ֣ͷۡ
˲ӡ
͸ܻͼһ㶼û˼
ľϲûоϲȤ
ֽӵԲĵϡ
Ů治˼, ͸һ˼ûС
ǶƯ, ů, ɫ廨ϲġ
Ͳˡ
˶, ŮЩ졣
ô͡Ժˣ
һˡ
ȷϲ, Ů٣Ůɣϲ
ϲͺá
Ůϥ˽ͺ, ίѣǶ⾪ϲ˶ĥо
ǱСӻҪоĥ
ƽղϲɬѶ, ǰŮ˵ž׵Ժ
ָͷأʮ֮󣬾ǸСԲٴȥĬʦǶ͵
һ͵ļ񻹺úõ¹Ů˵ÿǶǼϡ
üȻʱһ񣬾Ϳ԰Щȥ
˵͵Ĭʦļ᲻һ֮£ˣ
֮ˣ˼̫ѴĦˡ
׼˵ڶ֣ŮٴĲУرʺϸµġǵһĳߴ磬ܿͲü˳õͥԷѡ
ȸ򵥵ģ̽̽뷨ǲٻеͨǸ׼Ĵװܶˡ
Ƕһһطƣе󲿷ֶѾ͡
ԪĴǴ򿪵ģʲôˣͥһ̧ͷܿ⡣
ڵŵĹŮСϥ
ˣ仪ܲǰݷá
һԼָϣϽЩ۵ָ⣬̧ͷ
ܲˣ
ʱһ棬֪ܲǻקܿȥܲл񣬲Ԫˣ
ܲлûգ벻ӣմ仪ĴţԪ
̫˵ܲ˲Ϊ뱻׼ҴҼ޸һˣ빬ѣ˵ͬΪ檡
ôʱల£ûκôˣ
ǵѾŰɫĶվںУԶԶ˵ͷ
˼ҶſˣֻܷеĻƣʱÿ಻źۼ˰˻ȥ
ˣܲҪӭȵȿܲˣū澾֪ôˡ
ţһ뻨ԣܲ˲ǰԥƬ̣ϥ
ˡ
ܲˡ
λֱߣܲڹͣҲܿ
磬ܲϲ衣
µСŮĶһѰһЩԲĵʣ棬Ȳ衣
ܲӹ裬ɨֱߵ¼ܿȫòˣǸߴ磬һ֪ŮҴġ
ڸ𣿵ɡ
ܲ˸֫޳ֱһ
µ·ڵǸˡȴҲ㡭
赲·Ѿܲ˵С
ôܲȡѽ
ҲЩ̫ûò˰ɣ
е㲻ˡ
·ˣҡ
ܲˣûؾԼˣֱָ˳̫á
ܲ򴽡
ʧˡ
Ȼ֣ŻС
Щ
ôôͻȻˣƽδѽ
ľţƽ߶ģĺȻû׼ȻɻҲ˳ˡ
ܲ˱̲ˡ
ǲӭң
ףúõأô˵Ҳӭˣˣһ仰ѣô˵ôء
ܲҧţܿϵĲ졣
£ұҲ㡣Ҳ³Ҳ֪ǲŵġ
ܲ˵ԸȥԼŮŵ
Ҹס˵ʱвݣȴֻܲʲԸ˵Ҹ׵֪ϲ񣬼иպвƷ˴͸ġ
ˡǹŮϵĺӣзϺõʯ飬ȭͷžǾӨ͸ģδſҲ֪Ʒ
⵹ϡ棬ܲ˵ĸףôҪ񣿡ǵ治֪ʣزʶҲûй˵𽻼ҲǼǰܲһΡȻͷѽ
ܲ˴
Ҹײ˵ϲУˡ
ܲ˵꣬ԥ¡
Ǳ³谮ӣֺ˺ܶ࣬Ҳǲرġ
⻰˵мֵǿ
һ⻰ҡͷ
ҿɲҪ
׻˵Ǯƣ֡ʲôҲܰûȥ˵ܲˣûȥɡ
ָھͰδذﲻˡܲ˵ĮǱµĳһ߷磬˵ûֵˡ
߷磿
ôʲôæģ߷磿
ãˡļֵֻ߷ϡԻľǣΪʲôһʲôֵ߷磬ôͰ͵Ҫȥ
֮ǰˣôѽ
ǵ뷨
߷硭ԥΪʲô
ܲһ
ԼΪģֻ˰ɡ
˭֪³谮ء
ҡҡͷ
޹»ҲܴӦҲ㸸׵񡣡
ҴˣҲˡûбĿ˵ˣǡ
ܲҲϣùŮʯߡ
ȵȣվס
ɲԸⲻȥñ˵ĶùŮ׷ȥҪʯȥ
һҪһӡ
ĹŮǶѳһţΪеʯɣȥͳ
ܲ˸žߡǼ仪ĹŮʵ޷ҽӣֻͨ
ū澵ʵڲܱ˽ӹˣūǻûġ¡
һѾĿɿڴˡ
ջҪǿ͵ģ
ô棿
ʶˡ
ʯüġ
ùŮ׷仪ˣ仪ĵŸģǽôߣӶӲȥֱӷڵſڣعŵСֱӹĲҽӡ
һ
ҹĻ٣໹Ԫǰ߽žСĹĵʲô
˲ôԵ۸˾̫ˣ죬һҪ
һҪʲô
˶վů¯ůů˹ǽС
ͷˣܹȲ£ǿ񣡻¸¸ң
Ԫз£û಻֪ġ
Ͼ£Сǰ״
Ŷ¸ʲô
״ܲˡ˵׸ҲҪҪңȥдд
ţǹˡףȻ󻰷һת㲻ϲʯôΪʲôҪ
ǲǰ͸ģң
˵
һһܲ˵ĸףҸ´߷硣
꣬ʵ£ΪʲôӦ
Ӧô
̾˿ֲûûѽǴӦˣƭ˼һ
ˡ
ʱ֪ûˣ
ͦţʮֱ׳أҾǴû壡
һΣô棬Ǹûа㷴Ӧ֪ΪʲôҪȥ߷磬֪ܲ˵ĵΪʲôҲҪȥ߷硣
Ҳǵãûйʸڷϡ
߷飬Ǿôܻ
Сƭˡ
ƭˡ
ֻôôڮأ
ˣƳ齾ڲԶקűֱۣǿߵ齱ߣȻôһơ
˳ƶڴϡ
Ŀԡ
ȻͷһĶһ¡
ǹķ紵죬͵رۣ
ϴҲйǲһ㷴ӦûУ̧°ֺͣ˵ˣû塣
§䣬죬ɳƣ塣
зӦ
ǿҡ
ĬĬŲŲ壬֡
̫Сˡڲԡ
һʲô
෴һѣͷһСӡ
һܻͼ
ſϣزˣ²ָӡ
£ҿҪҪ̽ң
лҪ˵ࣺ۵ĥˡ

 59 

ܻͼ̣
ȥ, ̩ɽǰɫ, δʲôĺġ
ϵСָűܻͼ˵ⷬʱ, ôһ˲˸Ӧ
һ, ڴ齱СӣָҳЩ֣ޱȵͷۡ
Ů˵֮ϲж죬ҺúжЩݣ̫ˣʵڶдʲô
Сʱʶֶ, öĶ鱾֪ʶѧҲ, ƫЩӽ, ʶ̫ǳ, ඼֪
ʲôˮ|֮ѽ, |֮ѽԼεġܻͼ
ȫδ֪С
ĴʣҶûм, ŶҲͨ£||ףָʲô
ָָǸеѽĴ, һࡣ
ӸԼϣֳŴ齰ɨǲӵҳһۣѸƿ
Сʮ꣬Щ֪ʶûе֪ʱ򣬵֪ʱ򣬾Ѿ˹
֪ȴһ֪
ովС߷磬¿һۣġ

ꡭ
ఴסС֣˳һָĴϡ
ȲҪȸңĶġ
˵ָЩ̡
գգۣԴ
˾ֵŮټڶġ
ජͷԵСӣһʱ֮䣬ȷǸóͷֵΪͼˣǸÿúá
ɿЩƮ
ֶӴΪʱ硣
ΪʲôֿҳҪַڶҳһα׽ס
֪ʶҪѧϰԺϲǲãдʣҶʮˣûʲô֪ʶѵõҡ
һǰС
ʱŵһμ档ǻݵһܴܣ˻ɣʮСѾͷ
ʱ䣬СһأȥҲЩۺջһӤʣȴԵԲֻĿɰ
Ѿʮˣ
ʱʮ
̧ͷʱҾʮʮˣ
ôڣҲֻвµʱˡ
СҪһˡ
˼ͷϣ˳ںڵĳ
һ˼ҵŮʮͿ࿴һ˵꣬꣬ȳ޵ʱʮոպáŮģٶ꣬ʮ|ų޵ģҲ
ԳһЩ֪ͣͻᱻĸ׽̵֪
ƫŮռû£ͱߡ
ʲô֪Ǹء
ֽȻЩҲǺʵ͡
ţҪʮˡϵطܿһ䡣
ȴƲƲ졣Ȼ䣬ʮʲôÿģͻ
Ǳأ
ķңСͷ˿ĺܺãϸ⻬ָһȦɢ¡
ʮ
ʮǲǱꣿ
ض°֣͡ûס°ϡ
ţ
ྲݵСָ°ͺ
µʲôʱ򣿡Ҳ²⣬ô䵭һҲǶ𣿡
΢΢̡һǸϲôһ˲䣬һ塣
ţһ
ǣ˷ˣԼָ°ϹţҶǱʲôʱ򣿡
òƽĺָֻŪ˽ࡣ
ָҶ
ץָ⡣
ѩ
һ㶡ʱ¡
ѩǾֻʮʱˣ
Ȼô
ԣЩԡ
ÿһ꣬ȵ۵ҪǧڣҰ·ż졣ʱ䣬ٹ֣ͬÿ궼ֵʱǽͷ£졣
Ҳ常ǧڣǰ׼Ҫµʱ䣬Ƿǳһס׼ʮ־á
ΪʲôµʮˣһϢûУƹܺ󹬵̫Ҳһ㶯ûд
ѵ˵Ǵʮʱڣµ׼ȫã
ӦÿǵģѵϾǱµȴո֪ﶼû׼𣿣
ףȵȣ
͵֮ǰ͵ĬʦǶǿʯ
ǸΪµƺǸոպá
ﲻСǶһ޶ģҵ̳ʱ䣬Ҳڱǰ졣
ܱĬʦһҪ͵һ
֮£ָ˵С
Ҷʲôָ⣬һû㣬ʲô
˼Сֹֻ֪ôأ
뿴
ѽʲô˵ʲô˵塭
û˵ס죬Ļȫ˻ȥ
ɫЩ̫á
˵ʱ䣬ᵽЩɵˣû˲졣
಻Щֱʣᵽ㶬ʮˣʲôҪġ
ող뵽
ԭҲһ
ǣŮٵʱ˵ȥһһ꣬ꡣʱ򣬴ԼѾҪȥ˰ɡ
֪Լȥ
ʱ²ܺͱһ񣬴ǵòġ
ʲô𣿡
Ǽ⣬ҡԴֵ˵ͷ
ܸģԡ
ǵĳŵˡ
½ɽܹģ̫̫ࡣ
ȴֻС˵ʱһССһҪӦ𣿡
ʱû뿪ʱ뱩Ӧֺú̸һ̸һ¡Ϸ꣬ôĹ¿϶֪ģһСС飬ܾͻӦ
벻ҪĻʲô˵ڵģɡ
á
Цˡ
Цظ
Ҫ߷ˣ߷ҲûκáĺͱҪԼˣɣ뿪
뿪
ɣһ㿴͸
ȥҪ뿪ˡҪͱ´
룬ܾȥЩʲô뷨ĶԺǳǳĸš
вУҸתƻĶ
£ָǸСӣҶʮʮˣЩҿѧİɣ
йһ£ѧϰܻͼ֪ʶ
ǹˡ
ҽ㿪ҩһֱԣ
֪ôģתƵһȫû뵽Ļϡ
ֽüͷһɬ
һʼΪҽֻǸôҩû뵽̫Ƕ֮󣬸͸ҩӡ˵֪¿࣬רŸ˼ζڲô࣬ճӳԾǡ
һΪʲôЩҽֻ˵̫ˣҪ
ⲹ˴ˣҲûˡš֮⣬ʲôطˡ
һֱɣҩţʲôá
Ȼἰˡ
һֱšóԡ
һʱ䡣ʱ䣬ûô죬Сܼһʱ
ٸһЩʱ䣬Щʱ䣬ʱһѧ֪ʶˡ
һ˼ֻǿѹȥСĻС
˵Ҫѧҽ㡣
õСӣڶҳˡ
ûп壬һѰҳϣѸٴжߡ
ˡֶø˻ֶܸ
£
ˣűСһţûҪ׼ģ
ô
ƽһ飬ֽһŵСˡ
ã¸㻭һݡ
¶ֳªûŵС
ֻһֶֻҪβܲŵأ
ʣѵдתһ룬ôæģΪ˽̵֪ʶܳרŸһСӣʵס
Ҿ͵ȱˣ
ʮڴ
΢΢һ˿ȡ
Ҳš
Ϣһ졣
лҪ˵ɷãڻֶ
˼ࣺʲôʣʾԸġ

 60 

Щ, ÿ춼Ҫյʯ
һǾϸѡƷ, 
˶, ͲϲţҲż̫һ趬ﻹʢĺ, Ķɫ
ֻ̫˵Ӳã캮ضҲôţҲһδˣǰȴǰҪݷá
Ůڵ˵ػ֪̫ǰ׼һӦСʳ, Ѭ˻㣬ĹŮǶ˳ֻһŮڲ̡
Ӻ, ˶, ޷, ³, Уڵˡ
̫ЩûԪѾһ
Ψ֮ǰʱһ, ôʲôòĵļ򵥡ſСϣŹӰӳԡ
ྐྵӿĵƤɣһţ, ſǶŽš
ûʲô¶Ҳʱˣ˵ڣҲϡ
Ǹ֪ˣȻ˳Ծ棬ǵŵǵӲɡ
һŹûȣֱӴָ˳ȥͷԱߣҪľ̫Ц٩
ո̫˵һʲôʣ
˭
ãؽԼһһȫһ£˵Źµ⣬Ҳûκֵ˼ס飬ôͺȻ֮䣬ˣ

ĹӿĲȥˣء
̫ôɡˣʲô𣿡
̫ЦĿڿһСӡ
Ȼ֪Щӣ˶Ҫ˵λԴˣҪˡ
û뵽ôһ죬ֱӣ̲ס׷ʣô£
úõôͻˣ
ʲôֵñ˵ǻˣ
ȫͷԵӡ
˭ڱҰ
ЩǲǶϲ񣿡
̫һͷԪ˧ϣǲ˸ܲ˵ܽңǲҲ
ʵʵͷ
żҵǸˣܲҵģƴǶƴǲӲȥҲ˵ˣţ޷顣
֮⣬һЩ֪·ϼ
ȥ񣿡
ֵͷˡһȥĬʦ񣬵ȷȥӡ
ô£̫֪ˣ
£ֻһ֪ʲô
̫Цҡҡͷ
㶨Ȼ֪еһļǮɡ
һ
ʱɴۡ
úõģʯôǼأһһ֮ࡣ
ȵȣѵ˵ʯǼۣʲôϵ
̫˵ѵ
ɣȥ񣬺Ūʯ˼ȥ
̫
ȴйء
̫϶뷨
ǰһڣôͺйˣֻ̫
֮ǰЩֻԼ֮Ǽҳ㻹Գȥ˶²⣬ʮҪЩõˡ
ʱգвд󳼣ԸϹһЩϣֱ͸¡ձºٻһΣյȫգҵվԪ
֪⼸½½͵Щʯôһˡ
ֻ˵棬͵ģĻȴҲû˵ֻһȥѡ滹вƷϣȻЩԵ񣬶㹻ġ
ԭȴǳġ
дǼԸΪˣЩΪֺñºˣȥϺõϡдȥѰϣЩ˵Ǽ¡ǻͻڣеĳǶڲʱ䣬ȥϺõϡ
˵ҲЩһλȥ󣬵ҲܸԵҪġƫ̫ˣҶǲܵĳ˵ΣҵǸﲻеĻҲ㣬ǣҲǡ
ֻһ߶˼ۣһ߶̿ӱȥԵĵطϡôһж֪˰ʯʯʯǸεҼҶ˼
ϣɲʹ˼ôˣҲһ󡣡
Ŀɿڴ
ǣǾ˼ۣǺһ㣬һһϵôһأ
رôҲɣҲѽ
ĳƺ̫ʵˣ
ôܸһĳƺ
࣬һвƣƲƣ֮Ҳѽ
̫ЦŽ͡
㵹ֻ֮֡ΪЩ֪Ҫ񣬲Ҫֺͨñ¡ôڼת棬ܸı˼ĳֳֻǰҲͰˣؼ֮ǰΪӵǸӵ飬۹һ졣ʯе㣬ֻ˵Ǹ
ίˡ
ұʲôϵúõȴʲôѽ
Ҳûʲôã̫˶ֻҲ˸㣬֪ôֻ²Ҫ۸ƭȥ˱¡
⣬˵ҲŲ˭˭˭˵أ
úõģȻһͷܲˣ
֪ҽʲôģ
̫Ц²͸ĺЦ
СʣңЩ¶ģ
ǡ
̫֣ŮٺͼŮ̧һСӡ
һӣͷƫ
ＸʯӣӣͬСûʲôġ
Щˡ
̫ôҲҪ
ң̫һۣͿʲôЦŴӣȷװ񣬡Ůġ
̫ŮǽȪϳġ
겻ʮ꣬Ѿꡣ
֮ǰ̫ʱȵ۵ŮʹЩģʮ޵ܱ߸СģҲǰʱ䣬׷׼޸佫ǡ
Ȫϳڸʮĵʱ򣬾ͱȵ۴ͻʮ࣬ȵ۴δʹֻƬ
ÿᵽԼŮ̫۵׶Щεǳ

̫ЦЩɬ
Ҳ֪⺢ӳһ£ȫ˵ϻһμ޵ʱ򡣿Ůʮ壬޸һֵˡǰͷȷõӣСңҹʲôӣģ붼롣
Ȫ⺢ӴССֳҲδ˵λЩ˵㣬֪ϲ뷨Ūһõ˻빬ҴΪת㡣
æ֡
̫볤ҲʶúõģôҲܽӡ
Ҫ㣬㣬һ⺢ӵһѡ̫Щ
ҧŴ֪Ǻá
̫˼ȪϳʲôҲȪϳ˵ҲǱĸã̫ŮôҲûеҪ˼ĵز
̫˵ʲôҪæܰϵģ뿪ھǡ
̫ЦЦôʡ
ʵҲʲôΪѵ飬¿Ҫ£Ȫ⺢Դӳ޶ûлعˣңҲæ˵һ˵׼عꡣ
СʣѵƽﲻԻ𣿡
ƽóŮҪعȻסֻǿĺӣûбʶ࿴һ۹ûб˼סĺӣôʸ
̫˵Щɬ
ˣҲв̡
࣬ûлܵ顣
飬̫δ
δС£ôȥű¡οҲûǸ׵飬ʵϣȥġıֳֻ˵ҲûʲôԻعɣ͸ѲˡֻǱ³㣬Ǻʵûбİ취ֻȥ˵Ļǻͬġ
Ȼˡ
Ǳһ᣿
̫Цˣ֣лˣһоͰиˡ
һӵʯôҲûѵ̫Ԫ
Ԫ˰ʯĹϵ϶ضûж
ҹѾϴãĳһĽŲ˳
£
μǵ̫˵ĻһӰ˵£ȪϳԻع𣿡
ԡ
۾գһۣھͬˣȻסܹСʣˣ
⻰͵ؽɲסֳŵСˡ
£Һԩ
̽ģ߸ࡣ
֪ô˵ҵ˵ǻ
Һԩ£ñ죬ʲôû
⻰۾С
Ҹԩɡ
ҲǸʲôûġ
һ㶣ףҪʲô
Ҳ˵ʲôֻͳһСӣݸ
Щ顣
̵ģԸһ
лҪ˵

 61 

Сѧϰ֪ʶǻ̬ȡϾŮҪǽ̿ġһЩ, ĸ˵, Щ͸ѧ, ÿѧһ࿴, Ů̵һЩѧϰ֪ʶ
Ϊѧϰ棬һֱȳ
໰䣬ͷѽ
һŮĲӣŷһҳֻ˵ʺҪԼû뵽Ȼô˳
СӣŮٸСҪĶࡣ
ոµ, ͸¶һī֭
ֻСȥԡСϴ, űӷ
һҳ, ֡
ɼǡ
ţ
ϲ, ٴδ򿪡
ˮıʷ, дɼ֡
ѵǣǸʲôܻͼ
ĳɻ󡣱ܻͼ, ɼ֮䣬ʲôҪϵôܾ̫Ծ
ŶԱûΣ֣µطҳ
һҳ, ֻд˶̶̼֡
ķˣȥܽһݡŮʮ弰ǣӶʮڣʵ䡣
ûˡ
ַڶҳ
ڶҳǼ֡дż֮Ůļ˵֣࿴ŵԵĶɣ⽻ߣѡߣΪŮıΪ
ţ
ȥЩ¡
ڽŮӼ֮飿
׸һʲôɼǣ
ܾЩˣַһҳ
˵ҳһɨһҳһҳݣѡһʵķһУ˵
񡭡ؿҳһһ̵ݡ
Щ֪ġȵʱĸ㼰֮ҪѡһʲôҵĶΪʱ񣬴ԼҪڼһ꣬Ż׼ޡ
㺦ߣһûĸͿ˵Ļ£Ҳıá
ҲֻͨһЩС񣬴֪һЩ
Ȿȴʮֵϸ塣ÿһеֲ̣ϸϸд
ЩȴЩġ
뵱ҲԼʱεġƫͨݸҵĺţһֶûУôһ·ߵС
˵ˣʵֻһλֵ͵ᱻע⵽檡Ϊĺûʲôˣ¾Ҫûںˡ
úõأҪдЩǣǵЩ̫ˡ
ӱģǰ淭󿴼ʲôŮǲޣӭף̲ס˲ӡ
ŶЩһûУҪдѧļӲ嵶
ԡһӭģһ˫ί߷ߵ
СڴϣﻹǱСӡʱѿصĺܺãŸѾòˡ
ѵ˵ˣ
ɰɫµڣ󲽹ϴͿ࣬첲Ÿ첲
ö˶˵أôң
Ҳûʲôأ˸ãְֽ̡
СĻУƵء
ºúõأΪҪҿ
뵽Լ滭ݣһΣɿ
ǽ̵δ֪֪ʶˡ
ӣȴǶһЩ
졣
ùѽ֪ûоЩҪרд̵̵ʲôѲɣְֽͼ޳ȥɣ
Σ²۸Ұˡ
۸һʣõúá
Сļۣҳٴη
ģȫˣͲ˵۸㡣Ȥ
ˡ
޵Ĵ˵ٶйġô֣Ǵ죬ǽֵӿз࣬иȤ¶ʱֱܱųȥһ·ļС
жȻδȤôᡣ
ѲɣҪӱ뿪ˣصĸӸҸ
ǵʱǲǾҪ˼ңǶޣ
ȵȣǲġ뱩֮䣬δйֻߣ˵Ļ޷ء
ȥˣҲǶޡ
ԣûм޸أ
ЩȤҲûˣֲҡ
üһֱ۹˻Сͷһ߷ߣǻںʲô
ЩȤôûˣǻδ
Ҫһܲ㣿
ֻЩȣ³һǿƽ
ˣȴҲ֮ܲ
ֻһʼ΢һ£Ҳԡ
⻰͵סˡ

ļ֮Ļ飬ýȢ
ܸ

ĿԸЩǲǾǣ޸˱
ļ޸˱ĻҪһһӡ
ֵĶǲǴһֽǶȽˣ
ңĲ˵ȻҪԵķҪùһЩɣ
Ŀڴһ¡
ȵȡ
͵뵽һʵ⡣

ýȢ
ЩǸƥĵۺһС
ֻǸ檡
ʲôûС
ƭ
ҧ´ۿ̲סһ˿⡣
ù֣һʼͲ룬Ҳȥ룬ƫ˵ʲôԸôܸѽǻʺӵеһУ䡣
ƭӡƭ
ӣ¡֣
ٺ˵ˣĻз˳ק˱ӣͷŸǵʵʵ
תͷ˿̻¶Ŷľܾ
Сߺۣ
Ǻˣ
£˰죬³һ
֮֮֮ܲܲܲ
ˣ΢һ㣬Ҳ޷
ϨߵĵȥС±뻳С
û뵽ȴָƵأ˯ˡ
ûӲСƤҲ
ƽţֻԼСȷ
΢ͨˡ
ߵС﷭˵˯ȴ˯ţҷӰֻܰ˰ޡ
˵һҹΡ
󣬹ȻıѾ뿪ˡ
ǱոСӣͷ棬ѹЩˡ
뿴ͷ
ֱӽⱾСͷȥѹġ
ؼˣ
ΪǱдģҪСȥһ𳡵
Ϊһ춼죬Ѿ߹Ů˰ķӣҲܶ
Ʋֵء
ſڴ̨ߣҶһأ֦ѿѾյģҲЩ䡣
Ҳ֪뿪һˣжס
׵ʱ򣬶ȻǸеĶУַǷ
硣
Ѿߡ
ȥȡֽдһš
ϲѹסȥȡֽҲŮڲ̣ԼǶֽʣ߶СүյţȻǿĵġЩûϵСүˣô뵽дˣǺͱ֮䡭
ʼմմī
ʽĻ°ˡ
į
ҿһ꣬Ѿõػп϶ҪΪٳˡ
Ѿֹ
дװѾȥš
Ǵɣźգ඼æڳҹﲢδԪ¡ûпԴˣȤ̲סȵĬʦеĵʮ죬ȥԲСһȥ
һγû׼ȫһǰˣǾһӣֵʱȤȥմ֡պϵС
ͣڻĽҰĴԣԶĬʦũᡣ
ͷñƿ涣ԲС˴λҪͷ㣬ȥ͵еһϲãֻûһ֣еĻǸûСûеĻͿʱСµǿʯɻڡڵĻ͵
ԲСЦűǼ⡣
СˣҲ͵
Щ顣
һΣ
ı֤ҲЩ㡣
ԲС֣̽С˷Ըˣ͵͵С˷ľǣ͵ҲģСʧ
ļۡ
Եġ³֮ԲҶϡ
뿪ֻһԼϰڽԲС
ԲҶƺǵʲôһӵ˼ڽͷβ
̫ӣѵöСżȥй䡣
ƺʲôֶΣһȥƮʮ
ӣܾЩκء
صľѾüͷȥԱá̫ˡ
Ǿ
ǹŨľЩϤ
ȥһ෿ݵ£Ѿͳȥˡ
ͷβˣҽаڿȫǾ̳ӾƹӾƿӣͷβ˶ڹƣչ޵ľƿ߶
˵غǾ򣬼ҼһƵġÿֻһ죬ڼУк;Եĵطˣۼơ
ѾֻȥƬ̻ʹ
ԶȺվλãһñܿϵ֡
ľʮֳвġԸҲȥһЩȥ
ǡ
ǰ·ţûкӵȺӴֻǽȺҰŵĸ־̳ӣƹӣ˷⣬ζƮĵǣеľΪˣ⽫Լľһưڵϣ˲ɢ
˳ȥҿûһ;ǰƺЩκأҲƮƮأվŶЩվȵˡǿѾ߷࣬·û
ô£
ҡҡԴǿվˡ
ǰ棬Ǵģõһʦſڡÿµһ죬ֻʮƣûУ
ǰۼ̫ˣͨŶӸŲȥԷԸĸȥţһݵġ
Ҳ֪ǲǰƣ
ǲҲ޷˾Լȡ
Ҫ
ЩɵĴǣԽԽǰһУŤƵģʲô塣
ôҲôԶǷ
ɻ󣬲ĲǰҪȥץ硣

罹һ൹¡

Ѿ߸ģǴʦſڸռһṫӣӱӿ죬һַ̧
òվȣѾѾѸٷ趢Ƕˡ
¹ӣĪǶҼҹ٣
ṫӣֱӣĬʦмġ
ᡣ
ṫٴοЦ̧еƿӡ
˹ưˡû뵽ϰ
ûӦֻṫŬ֤ƵģԶ֡
֣

Ⱥͷǣһƥͷӣһ˫ؿŴ˷
лҪ˵ˣǣŸͷˣ

 62 

òʮֵĿ, ĪϤСҲ, ṫƺµ, ֻԺṫȽϣҪԵ䵭ˡ
ֻԶԶ, ƺһۣñʲôҲܿ컬ṫϣһ۹ջߣǣǸͷȺ뿪
֣֣
ṫΣҲת, Ц˵˲ôž˶ٻЩ⣬Խ, Զ
ԴЩΡ
ǻ, 뵽, ԼҲЩκġ
ѵ˵, ڷȣʲôԵĲˣƣ
, һġ
Ÿˣž͡
ѾĶ˵
˵ʲô
, ƺ˵ʲô˾ˣ˲ˡ
ѾΣֻȷ뿪ӵȺ
˵Ҳ֣뿪ǾӺ֢״ͺ࣬ڿտķݽ涼ǿĵط˼Σվˡ
ṫմɵľƿ˳ķѾţ߲
ṫЦ˵ȡʮǰֻģ
һ顣
ȡ͵
Ĭʦѵƶһô¹Ӷ֪
ֱ̫ӽӻί˵ʵȡҲǿԵġ
ԣԲȡ͵
ṫЦˡ
ôõİﻹãĬ˵ӣǹԼֳ͵ģﶼˣ͵ԣ
ֳ治˵Ǹ͵ġ
ûûֵģò֡
ûǲ֪Ĭʮģܾϸǹ￴ˣȻһ⾪ϲ
գգۡ
ûϵܿܿˡ
ȴ뿪ԲСҲõˡ
λӣҼҹﲻ죬ô໰
Ѿֱǰǲ졣
ṫҲȻ˺
ͻˡ
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ṫӹ˹֣ȥ
ɱΧʮУӲһ
ǿЩһɷϰﲻҵǿЩ
˾ƣ͵ŻȥСˡ
ĵۣԼսӹƺᵽǹӾζԴһΣæˣźЩ
ף֣ŵζѽ
Ǹ˭ţʲôŸˣһ
´лĻһʵĸ롣
*
ʮɽũᣬžͷֳƥִĬԺӡ
ԺУﺮĬ黹ŵһѣվͥԺżȦЦ
ЦʮֵĴôãǴδйˬʡ
˼Ƥ񣬶ž͸ɴֱ࣬ǣסתͷߡ
֣
æȥקž͵󣺡һԷĬ硣
žֱӶ˶ֶ
ӣӿԼҪԼȥ԰ɡ
˵գž͵תͷ״æĬ磡ˣ
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ž͵ϣֳһ΢ı顣
ĬǸŮ޸
ǰҡͷ̾ϢĬôˣû£û뵽żȻһμ棬Ȼ˵ֻֻǿǹģǰĬ統ˡ
ȷĬΡĹס
žûק˽ڡ
ںСտֻһЩ򵥵ļҾߡֳʹõģľͷԼ̵ġ
ĬѾһΧϣžƺֱӶ쵹
Ǹʲôʱ
ĬһھƲǺסָָӡ
㿴ʲô
ϣһƽ
ž΢΢ۡ
ӣѾˡ
žһ
ոĲǿ죬ˣ
Ĭ̾
ʲô㡣ˣҲע⣬˽Ѿˣһƽ͡
ž͵˻ٶŷžǷȥ
ǲǣΣһǰϣ
ֻҪץһ˿һĿܣԲŹ
лҪ˵˭׷ˣ

ǲǶأҿ

 63 

ֱͣĬʦҸ, ˸Ϣ, תͷȥ˾ӸСϡ
Ȼʱ, ĬʦҪǷֶ˶϶׷ȥġ
ȻǸһӵ, ǾĬʦˣԼһȥ
ѡߣȴǸʱ䣬ٳųŹر֮ǰؾʱոպá
ʡȥ˲鷳¶ء
ԲСǸĽɫ
ûһװСĴ
СˣСĻˡ
һ֪ŪģζĶ̴, СЦǺֽһֲĶݽڡ
ƿñǱǾζѬס, С, Ż
ʼ߶, ƿһ㲼
һֻľӡ
Ϲ, һ֧ǣţĴʮ
ȥ⻬, һľ㡣ġ
ûֻƿĽһ֧
, ǽһ¶һֽűԵ
ţ
С°ӽУһָ۵ֽ
ĬʦСķŽȥģ˵װ˺ӣ
Сֽôڰĺأ
ӦòǸİɣ
ֽû򿪣ǳĽУֽС
ѾȥС¿첽ߵߣѽаŵСֽ
Ĭʦװ˶棬ĸȥ
Сӹ
ССģСһСԼ
һˡ
ȥڴ˴㡣һȥ
ǡ
С˻ӹ·Ѹ۷
µûٴľС
ոֻǴҴһƳܿģ
ͨ͸ĸоȷԵĲͬ
أܸһõˡ
ͣھСԣ˶žƹӣڵûһӿ˯ȥ
˯һ·ƽʻִ﹬ţδ
ѾҡǿŻصԪüŮźϴˣƤ۷ϴͷ˯
ڴϴŹǷĳ
ǰκܾƵСӣʲôһȥκôĶ֪
ϴ˺ãᵽлһӵľ̲סʡ
չľƣǷˣ
ǰϥظˣǺݷůˣ˽յķԸ
ůţôᵽζ
ӣܾǹӾζߣǵǷȥҡ
ˣ࣬ȥȥԸǴµĵط;Ʋȥ
ˣձʱ˸˱£
ȴ˵ûзԸū澵ǲȥġ
Ҳˣ͵
ùţ뵽ԲСߣȴв
֪֮࣬ǰñҳȥΣǸʲô
ŬݵͲԲģЦͦģġ
˵ĿѦֻһͷӦЦѦѦҵӣС͸ڱߣǸġ
˿ǷԸȥʲôԵū澲˵ӵѦʲô©ġ
Сȣ֪Ѧ
ôϵһˡ
гɡ
ǲ̫ð졣Ѧ󹬾Ҫȥǰѩ󣿡
ѩǺǰ֮һ¥ҪȥҪġ
˼ȥ¶ѦܰãźһˣûҪ
ˣѡ򺮷ͷȻ㶼֪ģֻĺˡ
˵мҪˡ
˵˳պôȪϳع
ȪϳعΪ˲ڣδݼѾ̫̫ˡ໹ᵽȪϳͬģгڹˣ¼ҹܰ
ϢЦˣ̫ȻǸˣûԼŮкܶ໰Ҫ˵
ˣȪϳЯ빬˵ֻ̫ѵɻ࣬λ¹ʮߣδ䡣
һã
ţ
̾˿
ˣڻʲô˼ȹգݼ˵ʱ˿ܾ֪ū˵ʲô˼ˡ
Ϳ⻰˺þá
ϾʱµʱȻӦ
ѵ˵˼ȪϳǸδˣǴ빬
еָ⡣
㶶мѾ˵£ҧ´̲ס˼롣
ĺ󹬣ֻܲˡܲ˻ΪѲ빬˵кֻһ
˵ڵĺУү̫ܡ
ϾС常ĸ檡
СʱӡУǾġãֻô
ȪϳԼ빬Ҳûʲôԡ
ڰֻûһƲأһֻǴ빬أǰ˼̫ˣ˼ҳ¹Դ
գһ㡣
ǲҪЩϽеãȥ
ʣµһβ룬һʱˡ
Լˮɹˣƽ̵ĺúõģڵһŴϡ
ڵԽԽ硣
֮෴ԽԽ
˯磬ֻ˵ߵģȴҹûˣҲûˡ
˵һһҹûƼˣҹŹǷҲǿ룬ԼԼĴʱ
¼ݵ
Ĺ˴һһӣȥˡ
£
ܵÿ죬ȥ˵ӭ
⿪ѩĶֵСĶͷ˺˼ԶЩԼվڻ¯ůӡ
Զ㣬ء
Ƴҵѩżˡ
ѩˣ
Ѿһѩʱ
˷ܵ۾ˡ
ѰϿһ굽ͷѩٵÿѻÿζѩþڻˡΨСʱһΣѩ㹻һСѩţ˺üꡣ
ǵطƫѩǲǾкĻѩμ˵ڻһ˵ĽŲжɣ
գǾܿѩˣ
ůӣ˿Ȳ裬ůůǣСֽڵ
ţǵѩѾˣдѩпѩֳ֡
ü䲻չҲһصģ
࣬С򢡣
߽ż⡣
ǵڿѩˣǵģȴ°յİΣ¡
´ѩҲ𣿡
ʵС򴽡
೤һַ²룬Ŷֱӵϥϡ
ͷϥǣأᡣ
Ȼ׽ַԼĶǡ
˳Ķࡣ
΢Щ
ѩ󣬻ѹ巿ݣƶĴᡣ
ۻ˵ѩʱҲ鷳飬ҪԤд
ЩæµأЩ𣿡
ֹ
˲ۿ
մЩȴ顣˵ҲȤ
Ŷ
ϲȤ飬Ȥһ߰Ŷͷһʵʲô
̫ѧѧȥҰΣʱżҵž͸ˣһż飬˵иŮװġ
˷ܵ۾⣬һ඼üָ߬
Ůװ̫ѧѧ𣡡
˷ܣȻֻһ£žֺͣϤ
Ǹ¹ӵˣ
żҵˣȻֱӶ̫ѧѧһ飿
֪ȴ˵ˣСż
˵˵˵˵Ȳˣ
ȴһת
ҸĲӣǿˣ
˷ܾ½Щ˵ͷ
״ָָԼĶͷ


ˣǵ֣ŲüĴ̽԰˰
Ҫˡ
īһţԼ̧ͷͷ͵Ĵߡ
һ
ȻûƵɻĴϡ
ۣû
ոգոĴ˱Ķͷɣ
ǰɣǰɣ˲Ļþɣ
̲סס˴
һ̣ͨ졣
ס
ϵˣһ̺Щİ
Ǹ֮ǣ§ıһЩδδ֪ţŵ١
յˡ
Сϣһֱڴ
Ͷ͸⣬۵ڲ浽ãȻ֪һ˿һģİ֪¶
򴽡
ѭ򽥽
һı䡣
ż
һ仰˵
ꡭ
ô
죬ŬԼƽ
Ժȴʼָոһ̣ôҲ侲

˵õԼҪģû⣬̬Ⱥõúܡ
ôֻܺ˵ͷϸϸء
˵̫ѧѧĲһŮװġ¶ֵ̫ѧ״žͣž̫ѧ˷ž̫ѧѧŮȥŮӣΪвס
ҲŸ죬˼
գͼԼ£һĶãûൽ˵ʲôֻǿӻڼ죬Ҳǳͷƫżҵ𣿡
ĬƬ̡
Ԫ˧ڽɽйĶӣ޻
֪ص˵ͷ
˵ˡ
סĿ⾼
һ֪ʲôҡ
һεıꡭ
ָĴϣȻ󻺻ջأԼĴϡ
ɺã
лҪ˵˺Сˣ

 64 

⼸ıһЩ̫ԡ
ϸ, Ǵдһ֮, оֹ, Ǻ̫һһ, ΢ĸо
Щˣ
ױ̨ǰܿͭܿ΢΢ķɫ
˽ɫ治Ϳ֬ˡ
ᷢѾߵЦ
̧
ȥɺˡ
׾תƻ⡣
ѾЦϥ˳ûһӵ, żľϥ
ˣ̫ǱߴϢȪϳʱǰݼ
Լ׹, ⻰, ʣݼ, Ҹ񣿡
˶ˡǱΨһĺ, ǳݼˣ񡣡
֪˵ͷ
λֵ, εûǱΨһĺ, ҲֻСɩˡ
֪ˣȥŰɡ
˵ǰţʵҲûж׼ʲô
Ȫϳδ˵ǳ׵İˣֻΪ̫ϵǱãöôԡ
ڿǸ֪ģů󡣲˵ԶҲڹ׽
ճױ˾ǣǹҪˣֻױҲٴűĳȹŮǽɫȹϣ˿٣֧֧ҡ
˴һžûƽ￴ȥôСˡ
ȪϳѾʮ|ţŲʮϾͲռƣǿЩȪϳͲ֪Ҫôˡ
ůʰ˳ΪдУرĴҲ˳
ʱ̫Ԫͣ¡
һ·Ůǰ·ͨûһźݸŮӿżɿŶ
ڴߵΧϣֱͨӡ
ݸߵŮűʮ|Ҫ࣬΢΢ݣȫ׵ױݣ㲡
˶洩һɫĳȹ
Ȫϳ˼죬ͣͣĬĿԡ
λӣˡ
ڲ
ԭˡȪϳ૵Увͬ
˵գȪϳϥ
СɩɩȪϸСɩɩ밲Ů߶ţСɩɩˡ
ΧмһС
Ȫϳһ裬ۣЦ˵ܻعǶСɩɩ飬ȪϳСɩɩ飬СɩɩõȪϵģֻܿڡ
ļңҲӦõġ汩ί͵æڳһЩĪǻ
Сɩɩ˵ЦˣȪҡȪϳ²룬˵ԵҲ֪ǳ޵ĹֵܼλҪعʵѣͬ⣬ѾСɩɩˡ
Ǽ⣬е顣
ղǻ˵ڣ൱ʹӦˣӳٶûУһ㶼Ϊںδ
ȪϳǹУҲô˵޹عЩѵġ
ȴӦôɴࡣ
ûͳֵ£Ҫո˰ɣ
Ȫϳ˲裬⿴˿ů
ź̺ӣ߹ŵһһ룬ʱҡΣȻ󱻰ڵһ㺮͸
ϺõɣԴöȣһǹõĹ
ȫһ˸еĵȼ
¶СɩɩĺܺãˣҲĽСɩɩԺˡ
벻Ժֻʱ䣬ȷǱԴĺܺãһǳûС
˺ܺá
ȪϳЦЦȴûʲôͬ
ҲֻҪСɩɩôá
̫İҲʲô˵ȪϳԼҵ˻⡣
Сɩɩҹ㹬٣µģԵ˵ҲûʲôˣΪãԸʱСɩɩ˵
Щ졣
ô죬̫Ԫ˵ҲҪСʱʱ䣬洵Сʱĺ磬΢ģܲȥ
ҲأʵȰ˵ʱЩ涼ѩ̫һ˲ףûô粡ˡ
Ҳ޷Сɩɩңû¶˶Щʱ˵˵Ȫϳ̾˵ҲСɩɩЦҳ࣬ң˵˶ûС
ۻûи𣬾뵽Ȫϳ빬ʱһˡ
λ¹𣿡
ѺʾŮ˵عʱ˳һˣ볤˽õİɡ
Ȫϳԥ£ЦЦ
˵ϵȷá
ȪϳᵽˣԵЩ˵û仰ȥ
Ȳ裬湬ŮȪϳؾţǿ˵˳¹ϵӦòܴ빬ܡ
ء
ȪϳԪûжߺ󲻾ãţˣǱߴϢ˵Ѧ»ˣһ
Ѧ
ˣǸȥ͵͵ȥֽˡ
׼ɡ
պ÷ʳ⼸նûгŵģ˶⣬ѩѾڵѻˡ
һȥɫĸǽɫѩ
ѩƯװģδĸɾ
쵽ţķ֣ȻǺ䡣
һ໨̨ϣһѩ
ǾӨѩѻһ𣬾Ө͸˪Ҫɾ
ѩ˳š
ã˳һ󳼡
ˣò˰ã
ˣİͥ״ˣվȻôײˡ
һɫĳźëȦЦ˹֡
״˺á
ϥ
ղһǹ¡
λ״УԼòˡ
ˣǵŵС˻Ϣģ
ͥƴ°͡
˳˵÷ȥͥԲСŵѣվñֱ
ѩͷҲûһ¡
״֪ˣӣܾźͰͥйصģʲô˿ĵ顣
ƺԳôһ˿˿᣿
ͥһ߹ʱߵ˾䣬˲ʲôվġ
˶ǰʲôģͨȥ
ͥͷЦпã
ñǼͨ졣
գգۣӦ˰졣
ʲôվģ
ǰôˣǰûʲôϵòĵģѵǱ
ͥ˵һ
԰ͥһδεĽӴ
һι󣬶Űͥ˷ۡ
ǰͥŲˬб¾ȥұ¸״
ڸˣ
˰ۣ¸ϽС鲽ղŻѩͥ
ٲߣеѩҪˡ
ŵѦҲҪѩˡ
Ҫǣ̫ˡ
ŲҪһ˿ž;Ǹ鷳˴ѩ˵ء
°ͣߵô硣
ͥЦÿ˹֡
ѩСѾû䣬һ۾һ񣺡Сˣ»
ɡ
Ĳ̡
ɵվڵҲ֪ȥ¶£Ҳܱܱѩ
£Լû˼ȥ˿˲Ѧȥ̿ߺúÿ˿һȲ衣
¯ߣ̾
֪ˣȥ˵ӻ
ȻַԸѦ
Ѧ»һʱůůӣٻػҲ١
Ѧ˹֣ǣ
˶񣬴ӲĲţֱȥ
캮ضЩʱûˡСҲ߶Ͼ䣬ӹҪɲ˺ǰ·˵ЦţֻǱ˸ˣСһ쿴ţܾŲڱʱ
ЩûҲûǰôˡ
ŵѩѾҪ߬һСˣֻص⻰ŴЩ˼
æڳҲҴš
Ӵ˵ʲôǴţұ£쾭壡Ϊ˱ºãΪ²ã
һԴǣ㶼ΪڱߣĴˡ
вУܱôƭˡ
˵һЩģŮٻˣеĻᱻ
ƫôЩһδܣůõһ㡣
ˡ˶һϴαҲἰ·æһ
ԭͲôȥġ
ˣȻҪһˡ
Ҿȥűˡ
ͣڲ⣬Ƕһ¯
ѩ쵽¯ϣĿתеѩһڻ
ˮһ֡
ôȴǷ̵ġ
Ȥ
ȥһ˿ѩʣˣ̧ͷ
̾ڲԶ
һתʲô
ˣոհ״˵һӻӱ¸ոմ£ôһϾʱ䡣
Ȼֱ󣬹ɵĸڴ̵ȥ
ڳűʲô
Ǵ˵ˣû£ʹ̽ͷ˿ȻŽСĿ
û̧ͷƺûв
аϲѸ˹ȥѱһ˫ĺڡ
£

ûӦһգѾ§뻳С
ʵʵĴϡ
С͵ϮҲ֪Щ
˺Цš
ʧ̾˿
͵Ϯʧܡ
һ˫ֱġ
ô䣬ѩˣ
ƶʡ
ԹԵͷ
δѩһСѩء
ʵʵ֣š
еʪܿȾ֡
һֱӰСԼ½
¡ֻűһҪļ
û
൥§ϡ
ϲѩĻͷȥÿġ
á
ЩţôҲ鲻Ļͺ첱ӣȫһߵֻ̧ܰͰ͵أ·ſҵֺòѽ
˵ͷšá

޹صɴۡ
ô
һˣСů˹ɿ֡
Ѧ㣬ǲǾͲ
صص˵ͷ뵽ոմ̵ĻӦȻæҡͷ˵顣
ǡ㲻ѦҲұˡ
ֺõسЦ
ҲԸⱻƭǼ⡣
ûƭ룬С˵½¡
ףҲǣʱҵ͸յˡ
һˡ
֮ǰ˵ˣã϶ͣͣģãʵá
֮ҹ¾ˡ
Ҳڴһ¡
˵ˣҪ
һҪȥѦлҪ˵
ţȷػġֱȴС§ڻУεؿ͵͵ģ´δһ㡣
û´ˣ
˵
͵İԼġҸĬʦһˡ
ȻҪĳͣҪĳ˭ģԸҲֻôǿǿˡ
Ժͺ޽ôҪõȥ͵ء
һһˡ
һ취
СգܵϲϵˣֱӰˣ֮вС
ĬĬԴ̧Լա
ǡ˰ɡ
һΪѡ
׻Ǳ·ӣʵڲ롣

ˣ
رˡ
ʲô
ǣ˰
͵һ㶡
Ȼ뵽ҹ
̧ͷ˵һΡһΡ
ס죬ض
ˣѡ񡣡
һʵʵһҹ
ѡһ
ҵ˵ŻɿֱĲ̧ͷһϡ
ݿҲ۵õ
ɣһ̷Ӧʲôʱ򶼿죬ץŻŴȹܡ
Ѧڵңˣ
ǱӰ˵ĶӶΪ
Լ򢡣
Сûûصأһͷײ˵ף˵ǿС
ʵʵһڡ
ˣҲ
һж
һΣ̡
ȹ˹һ·񱼣ܵƫоԼ϶Ҫ

ոտ˱һڣ
Ȼôȥ
죬ܿŮˣڵſڵС䱧ͷŬ侲
촽еۡ
ոպݿ촽ˡ
ǲҲˣ
һ죬侲ֱ̧ſš
ѩ׷ɵ˲Ϯ
һ侲ˡ
вУҪҪ|Ű
ջؽ»صƫ侲ˡ
Ҫ룬ڲǿǱµʱ򣬷ϻҪ
ΪʲôҪñ
Ҳ𣿣װˣ
һػ顣
СѾˣصߣվڲԶԥ˰죬ǵһߵʱʵʵ񣺡ˡ
һδط֣ѦȻǰ
ʲôʱģ
Ѧӡ
Ǹ˸ո¹ȣ¾һֱˡ
ԲСʵʵش
뵽Լոյľֹһκ˸ס
ء
Ŭ侲СһΣԶЩ
˵Ҫ˵ʲô£
£Ѧˣˣʱ˷ԸȥǽлĬʦũСȥˣĬʦлһڡ
µȵҹŻȡĵطΪѾرգڳĿջЪһҹڶһ磬Ĭʦҵ£ǽ¡˵л¸ת
Ѿмֲ⡣
͵͵ȥ͵Ĭʦô֪Ѧˣˣô֪˭
˵
ĺܺ档
ĬʦֽȻǸġ
ѵ˵һ֪Ҫ͵ȡذ
ѽʧˡ
̾˿
Ѧԥ
ʱĬʦ˵ʱƺδܻʲôȴЩЩ֪ôĺá
һš
˵
ѦŹ˹֣վֱѹˡĬʦ˵
ĬʦԭһУҶֽ֪ڵݣ㿴ˣ֪࣬ʱҡʱ򡯡
ǽѾˡ
͵Īĸо
Сֽдʲô˵ݡ
˵ĬʦʱĸоƺЩԵġȫȥ
һһĬʦ֪أ
һܿµ飿
㷣һ򿪽С
СֽǵʱǸģԭⲻ۵һ
ֽһĴ㡣
ûϵģˣҲǰ˵ˣʱֱ̹ףµĲµġ
󲻵
׼ֽ
ָֽϣֻдŶ̶֡
ʮأ֮ĸ񽫽ҡ
֪ѰᡣĬ顣
Ҵɨһۺͫһ

лҪ˵ֳ
ڼӿˣ
һ£ǿɰ¶

 65 

Сֽ, ԴҳһƬ
, 
ֳ, ĸ
Сʱն£常˵, ĸĸµʿѳ֮ʬ׶û¡ҼйϵûʲôˡСֻҪס
ô꣬ҲǹŸĸԼǰ󣬸ĸֽʺ
ԭǹһ, и
ȵȡ
Сֽһţ߬С
ɫ̫ã촽Щס
ˣˣ
Ѧĵؿɫһٱ䡣ߵĻģ, ܿͲ԰ɫ, üȾ˻ҡ
Ĭʦкβף
ֽԼ, ǿش
ûʲô
, ʱϳ֪ǹˣ
Ѧҡͷݿ̫֪֪¹ģ, ֻΪ˼е
ǡѦӣһ㡣λĬʦѾ֪˵ˡ
, ˵ͷѦ뿪ˡ
ƫ¯ţ㶳
СֽϵǶ̶ֻ֣ôһۣȫˡ
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ˣһƽٸ׼ƹڷǰ
ƽⱾӦǱ¸ĸ飬˵ģĸ粻ڣȵףкûһ
ڳƣǸˣж̫ˣģڷǰ볤ƣףԸƽ
գùƳ˹ºͨݸʱȥͬļοֱ̧ȥҶ䣬ѻŰѩɨѩϽȴһ㱡ѩڻˮ
һ·ȥɲ̫ףмûʲôͣȥסƽתȥһơ
ʩɣ߻һλʩҲΪ볤ǰ·ѩһأźĶ񣬴֡
ʱ䣬볤
ǳƵĵ⣬һӽŲҴңһ뿪ֻܿһӰڣиˡ
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ǵվŵģһİӡ
һͷϤҲ˴㵡

ˣ¹ӣ
⵹ɺϡ
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ǹգǸ˿˲á
ֻתƻ⡣
¹Ҳ볤ƣ
ǰ
̹̹ÿ
һոĳơ
д֡
䰲
š䡭
ضǼ֡
΢΢һЦµδ䡣
żҵĹ䰲

 66 

䰲
ֿһ֪˸ĸŮĹа֮⡣
ĬĬǸ, 뵽˳Ƶ, ȻЩ, Ϊδĳ¹ӣôǸƣ
Ǳ˼ҵ˽, ˼ʣֻſ˾䡣
Źֿ
ɲҲЦˣ˵ĸ׻ʱ̥֪ǸŮȫʮϲͶ, ֳֻҪһ־֪֮Ĺϵ
ס
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̫ˣ֪Ϊʲô, غżϵһ
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һԥ, ҲͺųˣҼδޣżҵСŮ
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õƵʱǴҪ͵ϾǴŹУ߱µ档
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ְԼÿܷ룬ΪֵܣǲǸðһѡ
Ҫ֪Ĭ磬ʲôԭ𣿡
Ҳǡɲ˵Լʲôģֻת˼ȥԺõĬʦĵطôȥ򽻵ĺáΪǵó¹Ĭʦãʳ¹ӣĬʦ˵ĬʦУ
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ǩͲҡҡλΣǩͲϵҡһǩ
ǩȲһӦȥǸ֡


̤ʵˣѩҲ鷳жٴ˸ǩǮ¶˾ġ
Ĭʦﲻϣȹ˱Ҫȥ
һ˻䣬Ҳ֪ԼȥȽϺá
ҲľĬʦ˵ֳһֱأ
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ˣæ䣺û˵״˲õ˼ҾǣǾţ״ǲӦãӦû˼ڳϣ¡
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ء
е
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ۡ
ζΪʲôô֣
ʲôúȵĶѽ
ú𣿡

գգۡ
֪ΪʲôԶ
¡
ۣɨһȦ¶⣺ôôԶ
Ŭȥȴһ¾˵üġ
ץס֡
뱭ƣôͳСè
𣿡
ʡ
ۣӦ˰죬һ֣һαץס챧Թ壬ץ
ίСͶ
ɿ֣˫
£ǲ
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أ
ȤҲයС
סˣ죬ҧָ˰졣
ɣܸܲҴѽ
ʲôˣС˵֪ɱ¸Һòѽ
һ㶡
Ȼ̧С۾ۣá
лҪ˵죡
ԣ

 67 

ʱ, ܾﲻԡ
ڴƬ, ˺ܾҲû뵽Լҹļ䡣
һ֮, ļǱʲô˳Ƶģʲôǵˡ
˯ĺۼ¿ܻһ뿪ȥ糯ˡ
࡭
һ, оԼЩģǳ˺ࡣ
ԡ׼һ£һ
ԡڣһݵ˯
ſڳر˺þã뵽Լʲô
Ǹ;ˣǴոºúףһġ
ࡣ
ֽ˿ࡣ
ĿѸٽ, ࡣ
кηԸ
Ͻʣ˵ģɶúˣ
ˣոʰ, ȫѾʰ˳ʱҾű, ȱ뿪֮, ūѾԸ˹, װ
˵ͷ
ÿܷġ
ˣȥŮ٣ȹ, տõ
˵֮ǰԸɫҶ
ǡԺ󡣡
ȥûһ۷
, ūѾԸãѾȥ˾ƾ֡
ŷˡ
ŶˣУ
͵뵽һ¡
ùСǰʰ׼ȥŷһЩʱʳҽ³
ǡ
˷ֻһɫĳȹǶŮ١
ŮҲ죬߻Ǹ͵ԪСŮж̡
ū澼ˡѾϴɾûѬˣ˹Ŀ
˷ȫ׵ȹɫĽ˿ϰһɫҶĳȹһëΧȹϵҲ׹ë
վӣмֿɰ֮
Եȡ
ŮٹСŮнӹһңϵȹϣëһ׹š
ףЩرǳǳģŲرζǻеζ
ζȤŮԼģ
ˣūȲժһЩ֮꣬е˻һ죬ƳġŲأϮˡ
Ůٻش
ţǲŮÿѶѬ㣬֮ǰĶûĺš
´Ҳҡ
Ը
ǡ
ŮԥƬ̣ʱѸٶ˾䣺Сүǹҹ׼
˵꣬ϥϿʲôȻ˳ˡ
ȴЩ㶡
⣬֡
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硣
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ŮٹϵԪĹŮҲ֪׷ŮȥҲ˶⡣ʱ緵ӲҶ˲ˮ
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ˣ²豭󣬵˵ūˣŮ˵⼸£е㲻̫á
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һ㶣̧۵Щ졣
﷢ʲô˵ҡ
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ķĲã
ġ
Ѹ˵ǰʱ̫ڸ࿴езΪ뿤ͬгʱˣ֮׹ҲˣΪзģŲ¡Сү˴ŭžӽ˷ˣĪһ̫ƽ
ŵˡҿ㣬粻Щˣ֪ôŵء
Ȼ֪ûܰοο㡣
̫ˣǸúúΣͬ顣
˵ֻΪǺףСүͳ⣬λôλڲڿأټҲƴѰϿĪΰ⣬и鷢
СүΪ˼ýͷöϣܿһЩ
˵ţֹȥˡ
ū֪˵ĻҪ˲ˣū˼ȥˡ
֪Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
šü
ˡΪСүЩϱµá
Ȼ
ڣѾö䷢ˡ
޸о
ֻ΢ʣΪʲôһҪУоͲ𣿡
ˣūҲǴӸеõϢСү˼ǣле鷳Ǳ²ԸܵġУ¿˺õķϣҲ
Сү˵Ůô˵ĺӣǱµĺӣҲĺӡΪԺпɽԵĻƣҲһ
šüôҲ벻ͨеĹؽڡ
Ϊһӣܿ
ǣʲô鷳飬һֱߴӣ
ǡ
ӣֲ˵ܻѽ
οʱܿкñ¿֮ء
ܴߺ𣬻ðѺ£
ҪԺĵۺԺӲô죿
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Ҫʱ£ʱܰѺӴ
Ҳ֪»᲻ͬ⡭
ú˵Ҳһ
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Ǳµʱ˵Щ鷳£»졣Ǿֻ֮ܵٸɡ
ˡ
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װƽͰһԥ죬֪׸÷
ǱһͿˣɾûоϲˡ
£ȥڵͷѹͷ棬ק˱죬װŰĺ˱档Ȼžžġ
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ЩʱûиˣҪú÷ӷӵġ
ʱСƫһЩŹдĸֲɫԶԵĵطҪʢŷǱõĲɫҲ߲࣬⵰Ʒַḻ
һ²Ʒ׼˼
Сﻹм֣ȼģϴ˵в˵ģǰ׼
ŴѩůůһůθǺõġ
׼ܲɽҩ⡣
һڹһϺһз׼һ嵭Щĸ
Щˣó׼˹ӣϴ¹ͣȹϿ
¹⣬Ϻз
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˺
ʲôʱˣȥ¿
ȥƬ̻
ˣŲʱĩʱŻ
̫ˣ
ɲС
ֱӷԸÿȥЩ
ǡ
*
ˣ
ҹԸȥҹһҹͽһ죬ɳȥ˲ڸзһһҹˣͥѦԻ
£֪ͨһ㡣ͥʮǰһнӽŮӻظ֮㼸죬ŮһŮӤ
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ŮӤŮȥŮӤǱ¹еˡ
ס
ҹ˵ֲ֪֮̾ȻҪ֪ġ
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ճĬƬ̡
̫Ȼ֪Ůӵݡǲ֪һŮӤԼƤӵ¡ֻ²ϺŮ
Ӣһȷʵ
ͥ̾˿
ֻҪ̫֪ŮӵݣЩѡ
ȴһüкѣֻ˳̫Ůȥ飬в鲻ģ
ͥǣǳ޶ˡֻǡ
ͥǴһĨЦҹﺥʱ֪ͨóȥ˵³˰ȣƥҲһҹ֮ؾǺѰϿҡ
֪ǰСܰЩʲôлͣȥˣԴϢ
ʵǡ
ΪԼĳӣ֮⣺仹㣬Ϊ޷ǡ
һ⻰ͥͨ˵ء
£ԩ
ֳͥһ޳
£ܲ鵽ЩѾǿ֮ǰ鱨ϳЩȥݾߣŵ̽ӣǿƴôϢġ
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⻰˵ڣû뵽õصͷ
šȷˡ
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£㳼ˣóһ棬Ҳҵˡ
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ͥŵû죬ſЦ
£ֻΪС磬ʵЩȤţûס졣
·ģҲˡ
ҾͶˣ൭Ȼ˵С
ͥˣϱҲ˯ɣ·û룬캮߶µ鱨ΪӢıڸС˳
Ժˣһ˱ߣ˰㡣
ͥ˳ȥʱϻƫŵѦ
ĿԣѦ˹֡
״ˣࡣ
ѦҲడ
ͥ̾˿ֺȥ
Ѧӡ
ʲôģ
Ǳ½йʸ
Ѧʵʵ
Ѧ¡
ֳŶͷƳһۡ
˵ɡ
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ǰҪѰһպõĴʦŮƼڹе̹һʱĬ飬Ĭʦ
ȥĬʦУʱڣֻŲ³Ĭʦ˵ʲôõĻŭˡʯҲҪˣԸȥ͵Ĭʦеļ
ʮ죬ɷĲʯԸȥĬʦ͵õİͬʱǰȥйơ
ƺһֽΪĬʦŪɳ˻ȥĬʦ˳ָ˵ֽǸ˵ġ
ʱĬʦ˵ĻǡһУҶֽ֪ڵݣ㿴ˣ֪࣬ʱҡʱ򡯡
Ѧ̣Ļһֶ
˵ʱֽɫԣ۲ʱ˶ֽϵݷӦϵĬʦ˵ĻĬʦֽУʲô˲֪ȴҪ֪ܡ
˽ˡ
һƣȥһ͸͸磬Ȼô顣
Ĭ顭
֣Ԫ˧˻δǰҦʱиϵõڼҵܵܣʲôš
Ѧѵ£ûмǴĻӦʮǰȵΪ˳һӣף˵ʱ׸šֻСĶһ١
˰
˵λ빫ӣΪòԵʣЩϹ£ԻòŵʱԪ˧ŷ˱ӻ
֮󣬾͸λ빫ӸĳĬɣ
Ѧ֪Ļ١
ǰ˹ʦ˾ǰм¼
෢ʡ
Ѧ˹£С
빫ӸĬ飬빬͢޽Ԫ˧ŷսдĬٴγ֣ݵŸТһʧ֮ȥˣƾı˹̷˰껹һʱ䣬֮ٴ뿪
طʣ϶岻ãǲǾһ꿪ʼģ
Ѧôһʣͨȥ
£ֻ˵ݼأȵӳʱԼĬ빬֮顣
΢΢
µû
ĬڵǼ˲ٵ
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֮⣬ʲô֪ģ
Ѧڵ˰졣
֪ġǸ˳ǼΣżȻϹӡ
ᵽԼϵǢõܣɫЩ

ǵģѦ˵Ĭ˽áݳ˽⣬Ĭũ󲿷ֵ鶼ϡ
ƺڶǰĬȹһ
ϹΣ˲֪˴˵ݡΪǡΪǡ¹ӡ
ó
ͳ˵˾䣬Ժɩ棬ɱΡ
Ѧҽ⻰Цš
Ŷˡ
뵽ʲôһ䡣
죬ĬʦǶŹӡ
ŸˣžŹӡ
ɫ΢΢һ
ʲôʱ򣿣
Ѧ룬ƶŹ̫ѧ˳ͻ졣ڶ컹½졣
ž͡Ĭ顭
СӣԪ˧ŷˡ
ŷһͬսһʬȻ˽д˵ŷ˵ĶǿյġǸӣѾˡҲΪžͶһֱƶѰá
žǸ˲֪մƾܡ
Сҹ뱭ƾͱСèģ
ĬãѦͬʱ⴫ԪŮٿǰϢ
Ǹպá
һܸ˵Ϣ
ԭҵСȻǼҵĺӡ
µԸվܸˡ
Сżңž˶á
䰲
лҪ˵ţ

 68 

˲, ȫװ˱, Ҵֻԡһ, ȥ˳̣ոµĺȹ
ζܺ, źֺëһ
һױ磬һȥʣɻˣϢˡ
һһ˵سȥ
ˣʱûϢ
ˣոչС˵Ѿ
, Ѿˡ
ױˣַԸŮʰһŸϽİȥ빬ʱŵ, һСȫ˳
˵õ, ڵһʱȻ, ȫ˽Ǯ, Ҫ͸Է
½յǸոպõʱ
ѡѡ뿪ʱ, һִװЩֵǮġʲôⲻ˵ΣȥǮׯǮܻࡣ
һִ, žӨ͸İ顣
ֻӣûʲôϡġֻǿյģǶһСУﻹܿһЩ֡
õʱȥ棬ǸʮȤ
ο˵ˣжֵǮģҲܱĴڡ
رЩʲôζҪõóֶˡ
ϣηһ߶Űһľϣһ۾ܷеڲͬ
ͷúˣѩ
磡
뵽ʲôæֽ̧Ѿߡ
ȥװһɾѩҪɾġ
涣ΣԸȥȡѩ
úܿ죬ͥƬ̺ܿ۷ڰһ޵ѩ
ѽȥװһЩ
ַԸٶװһЩٶһ㣡
һ˵һӣѩڰϣڵĸڻȥŷ硣ͼѩ¶ȡ
ļСŮһץѩõһɾѩ࣬ڰϣոպܰѰϵӰһȥ
ѩСһѩصһ۾λȥź飬͵λǶȥһɫͷһƬټһɴһɣһСѩˡ
ѾѸȥȡ˲صıһͰڰ棬ǿӻѩڻ
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շԸʱѾùŮˣЩģɢĹƣٵһеĵоɹŮǰȫʱյͥһƬ
ųĶͣɨһۣص˵ͷȻٸŮ˸ơǼŮѸ׼˻ӣ˵һȴ
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ĺɫɫ˿ߣһϵƽᣬ֦Ϲŵĺ˿ϵľƣÿһܸܵڶŬá
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 69 

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 70 


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죬ƺ̾˿
ף
ûӦѾֱ§ԼС
ڰУֹ˹ıǼ⡣
ˡ
˵ϣ˲ŷӦ
òᣬͷβû˯Űɣ
ѵѵ˵ֻǴͷβû˯ţǴͷβ֪ڣ
ʹҹʲôҲ壬ܸоԼѪӿڡ

ôܡ
˻Ҫ˵ظƹˤֱ̧ס졣
ͷԱҪ˵ˣʲôҲҪ˵
ʲô룬ֻҪһ뵽ʲôֻ֪ʲôҲ˵ĬĬһ߷ߵҪ
ô

಻˵ˡ
СѾߵҪȼˡ
ţ۸ˡ
СƤҪ۸ͷˣһô졣
ոҲõȫȤ
ֱӱһ

ʧأһûбܻų۽
һֻ̣ţµĻС
ţŷӦ
Ѿ˱ӡ
ԣ˯ɡ
˯
ĥ
ô˯ѽ
˶˯ϵģ
ô˯ѽ
£
ýЩƮˡ
˯ţҪ㣿
һ仰еСװ˯
˯ˣ
±ҪЩܲ˵ڶαˣѸٱ۲˵ţǿһ䡣

ˣˡ
ſĻеãڲٶˣ˿
òŶбҵ
һ죬ϻҪôŪ
ˣǧ꣬ˣ
ֻһΣ
һƺҲô˯
Ҫ˯һɡ
*
˯ؾද˶
촽ţ˵˵ʲôĻ̧ţԣ磬˯
¡
뵽ϣжûء
ɲܱۼȥ˯˯ˣٴμˡ
ȵȡ
ƤŬֽŲŸµأֱ
Ьӡ
Ь˸ǷԹԵû
ͷ˯һҹҵأָһҲ붯Ь˾ͰરȥĴ齡
¹ö
ڴӱҵ˰ĺӣȻִͷװƽ
תݸʱ죺϶ңҪﶼûиء
ؽӹľк
ңյˣڵӴֱӰѹƸ࣬дʣҹⶼˣԼûյģ
ͷ
ãҵĴ
ϣյ˸õ
㡣
಻֧ˣ˻֣߰ɣȥ˯ˡ
˯Ѱ
Сô˵ҲôĴڣԼشϣȥͱۼ˯
Ρ
Сﳤ壬˯һá
Ҳϴˣ췢ʱ˳ִľС
һ
һ㶡
֮ǰѦرʱ˵ľСﵽѰҺʯҺõʦΪľǵһ֧
ΪΪǼ̱ʱͿһ
ȴһֱ͸
Ħڰϡ
һ͹ƽ
һβϸϸһ֡

֡
İ䰲İ
һֽ̧뷢С
СԼ͸ˡ
ˡ
лҪ˵ٳɣӻСء

 71 


ѩʱ, С, ÿһţ, Ŵѩϻ
֮ǰ֮, ׼һģȥģͳȥˣƫ״ء
ߣеĲһ롣
ˣ̫Ȫϳǰݼ
СŮǰͨ
˰롣
Ը, ȥһţ
ǡ
ȪϳԴӻع岻ʱͻԪ߶߶ҪһЩ
ǰβ, , ϱ, ˭Ҳ׼Ԫ
ôһ, ȪϳҲмûмˡ
Сɩɩ߶Сɩɩˡ
ȪϳǴһȹմѩĶ, ϥЦ
յĴ磬빬ʱҪһЩҲһȦӡ
ˣѩ, ҲðѩҪһû˺
Ůţ飬Ȫϳů֣ЦСɩɩ䲻ҡ
Ȫϳţ飬ַ£ƳӵĶ
ϵĲϣһСɩɩڸô
ЩȻ

ôãСɩɩĪҪǫˡȪϳ޵ԶòУСɩɩģһ֪йġСɩɩǫˡ
ò˼ˣͷЦϵЩƣȪϳҳ
ò̫̫ɺã
ĸһжáǰҽȥĸǶ캮ëţȻȻҪһ߶Сɩɩء
̫ǳҲȸˣȥ̫
Ц˵˵̫Щӣðɡˣг̫ߣˡ
Ȫϳͷҧ
ҲɡֻŮûãĲĸʲôҪĸҲġ
룬Դѹ˼ǿοŮǸĸı̫Ϊٳ֣̫ҲǸ˵ġ̫Ǻء
ȪϳЦ
Сɩɩǡ
ʲô
һ룬ƫȪϳ˵Ƕͣˣʻ˺䡣
ý˼ץӸεء
գգۣ˰죬ȪϳҲû½ӵ˼εƲƲ졣
һ룬еյθѽ
ӻȪϳյ˰죬Ȼ˵
СɩɩͲô˲ˡϾСɩɩ޵úãûһ˲ĵķ
˵˾ֱ壬Դǵķ
Բӡ
Ϊûĵġ
һ뵽ǰͷת򣬾Ͱȫϡ
ָͷϸ״
Ǳ£Ҫܽɽ𢣬æʱܴء
˵ʱ򣬻Ҫⶺ˿ģèƵģ
вңһʲôҲģҪѡһĺһġ
룬Ҫڱǰӣû˼ȥֻɣһ㶼ʡġ
Ȼּһ䣺ҾߣҪȥҡĸ׽˵ء
ʵǡ
εģ˵κˡ
ھоһܵĴڡ
˵ЩΪ˿οȪϳڹУ̫ǰ
࣬ھǣҲܻعԼĸһΣȪϳӣЩѹ
˵ЩӦȪϳкЩ̧һȴȪϳıԽԽ΢
ƺʲô˵ģƫ˵ڣţ鱭һںˣĦſձӣСɩɩǰѾʮֵĺˡСɩɩ޹ʱ̣ǲ֪µµġ
Ȫϳѹ
˵ǱµãʵҲûΡֻ֪´ʱ뿪Уÿλعʱеö
Ȫϳ´СͲô׽ʱģҲûôǵã˭İˡǡʡ
˵ȪϳЩɣСɨһۡȴ棬˵ȥ
¶˭䵭ġʮ꣬δκһˣñ·С
˵µһֱСɩɩȥİɣȪϳĽʱ谮ӣŮġ
Ǽ⡣

ǵģǶͨġ
һȥʱڱĳϿгбء
Ǳһ֧ʻĴĲ档
ƺ˶źܴǱûҪҪȥ
ָģʹΪ˵κҡԼľ
һϣ֤Сɩɩڱеĵλˡ
ȪϳȻô䵭ˣܶСɩɩذмӣҾͲһˣҼ޵ķҶ֪˵Щʲôĺá
û˼ӻ
ȪϳԹԼķԼļ£ԱԹǽӻˣǶȪϳļָֻţ
̫òˡ
ֻܱòĳĬ
ȪϳãûеȵĽӻ죬Լ˵ĸҲ߹СɩɩҼ޵ģԪ˧Ĳ£ǰЩ걻˽·
룬ֻ֪˸ƺͻҪ࣬ԵľͲ֪ˡ
¼ʱҷѾʮҼиѾʵԭ䣬һһŮһž˺ȪϳЦƫҲʲôܳĹûиֳࡣ
Ȼô飿
ҲЩϧʱʱҲʮͰɡһˣǹȥ
ѰŮӣ޵˼ȥҲﾾŵġ
Ȫϳͦίġ
ʵҪһǲܳ裬ֻ޺ܱܲٻعСҷһֱ빬밲ƫҸ˻һңŵ빬֪Ҳܳ裬ҡ
ȪϳԽ˵ԽίӶ
ҲСɩɩЦλعҲǱһġҪƣҺôҲǻҵĳûô۸Ļ
ޱͬ顣
ȴǲ֪ðοʲô飬ûнӴ޷ҵһӦԷʽ
ֻܵݳȪϳɰͰ͵ˡ
СɩɩǷƫ꣬ôһֱϲ£һֱһÿ춼ţţֻҪҷһ϶ͿˡҾţܲĹְҶ֪ң۸ˡ
Ȫϳϣؿ
ұֻ֪³谮СɩɩǰΪСɩɩҲûһЩ¡˼ȥҲֻܺƤСɩɩæ
˰죬Ȫϳ뷨ԭҪѽ
ġ
ظ
ô۸ġ
Ȫϳ˿סлСɩɩҾ͵źϢ
ն͸߱£ȥһǸõģһĹְʾͷ
ȪϳһЩû
лҪ˵ҩֻôȥ˯

 72 


Ȫϳûˡ
֮ǰɲһ
ǹȪϳ, ҹæ, һ졣
ƺ޵ķ, ڼﱻ۸ˡ£ô, ǲôãܸܲ
ֻüһק°ʣ˵£
ǰ
ĻУɨеĹŮǾȻ£շ죬Ŭ·ƺǱ۸ˣ˵ʱ, ء
ţãҪұ˿, ᵽ, ˵˵, Ĺְһ
˵ر棺Ļ, ֪ǰ;ʵǿ֧ģԳ϶ͻˡ, ܺùࡣ
ĵȻ뷨Ҳ޷
·Զ
˵, ȴζֻҪȷҪģȷ·ְ
ն϶۸Ϊ϶Ҫгϵģ֪һô㣡
ѹˣҲƲ⡣
ȪǸѾͷ˼ǰˣټĸĳıָʲô뷨
䵣Ȫϣ絣ǰС
ʼЩҺˡ
УӶǽӲġǰйԹŵģȣҪŶˡ
൥§°ʹϡ
žͶˡ
żΣ֪ںǰһˡ
СĦ
ô㳤⣿
Ϻ
ʵʵϣһȦȥ
ֱͦ˱ڡ
ңҳˣ
ҵһɣȻŬҪ֡
ԷſұȱߣǲǱǰˣ
˵ͷ
šš
һ͡
֡ˣ
ӣֱˣεıް취
¡Ʋ˵ֻ֣ܺſһ£Ҹ㿴ö
ȴ˵һ£Ҹһʯ
ţ
ţ
֡ס
ʲôҲ˵ˣֱͷļ򴦣װ˯
һֻĺ󾱣ѹˣ𣬾һ£
ս۲˵
Ųأ
ţײף
ļ򣬲϶
̧ͷκοɳܱ֮һף
Լһӣôժ
ȷûðӲ̧ͷֻԼŻеСڵߡ
Ҫ
һգԼһϽ˵Ĳӣò̧ͷ
˫ֱ󲽳ԡߡ
Ȼ㲻ңǾһԡ
ɫ䣬˵ļ򣺡ˣ£Ĳأ
˵ĽŲͣԡ
µͷϾ
һ£һϴ
ĺΡ
ԣܶѡ
ô
Դ׹һ֮û¾Ҫвס
ף׵ʲôõġô׽ǵ١
̫̼ˡ
Ҫòá
ϸϸأǱ۸˵Сè
ɫһ
á
ȷʵ飬С
أҪѽ죬ѡʵûиѡ
֡
·ſңͷ
˹ָͷ
⻰üչˣ˻еС
ڽţԼ
ѽԵһ¡
赲
У¿ҲУ£۾ò
Ŷ
൹ϣۣȴСǡ
ıˣ¿ˮ
ڣ
תܣ

ܳûһֱӱѸ§ţĵصϡ
СԶţҪܳͷġ
صϣܲɵѹ˵ĻУ׵
أûӹ
*
ˣСǰͣμӱ硣
һĳЩ֪ô£Щ۵ģÿఴ米ʱСŮͨ
˸Ƿ
С
֪Ա˵Ψһһϵõܣˡ
ôͱ֮ĹϵСΪ
ѵã빬֮⻹ǵһνӵء
ӹ
дĺܼ򵥣˵СЩڳе̱˾һɽã뵽Сɩش롣
ͦذ顣
ˣλС͸ʮ壬ϸ¼ǣ֣ϲһɽˣ
ˣƢֱϲľرϲϲģھͻûΪھеλǣżЩˣҲ˸Ҽƽϵġ
͵
ŶǸȤġ
뵽ʮ壬ֻСһ꣬浽һȥġ
Ǳµã˵ܳΪء
ǶһԳɺȥˣ
Ҫȥ
ǣˣϥԥ£һ䣬ֻλżҵŹ˽ãȥˣܻżҹ
롣żҹָľż̫̫ԻŵǸŮɡ
ͦҸģôõĳ
˵¹ӵδޣżŮ䰲ġ
ǸŹҲڣ˵ֳܱ̫̫ŵģŹˡ
Ǳ˼ҵ£ֻһ룬֮Ժ
Źһμ浹мֲ죬̫̫ǸˣҲƽϡ
ıϣҲ¡
˾͵ûȥ͸͸ʶ˾ͺá
ôһ룬뵽ӡ
˵뿪ʱҲλڱ˵ϻˣܽʶԺǷʲôҲ˵
ڵĻӦòҪ˰ɣ
ȷ롣ڵڱߣûκΣգСǺܰȫġ
ֻǱΨһϵõܣǱߵˣҪҪȥһӣ
࣬ա
ˣŮˣҲһܷ˼ȥλӡ
ҵУû¶ȥҲ̫á
ԺҲûʲôĻģҲá
ˣԸ׼ŵͷ
һζ
ӱһֱͣûгôʱһγֻ˿࣬Ů
ʱϣǲˣ
УŶ٣ԵҪ΢̬ЩΪһ檣ҪŮࡣȴΪĲܶ΢Ӳ
໹ڸಱӡ
˵ǰǹгģѾǸӣ磬ǵ˵ݡȷʵӦһĺá
ƺЩϤͣſʱڵŮ춼Ѿ֪ˡ
δ޵Ŀ׵ſӭ
ʱ˲⣬һϥ
˰
գգۡ
棬ǵһϣ΢Щ̫ϰߡ
𡣡
Ц񣺡ǽӣˣģϣ鷳
Ҳ֪Լݣ檣Ӣδ޵Ůȣ˺ܴĲࡣ
ЩŮʱŷӦҪ˵Ļ˼Ҳ˵ˡ
ǳҲңһ·Цȥ
֪ˣԴߵıǿòܼһ档˱ĻҪλݣ˵ò
ŴЦ
άЩ˼ˡ
˳˶˵ֻСŮ׼һȴòκϵģ˾뼸λɡ
ͥԺǶȫǱѩĻ䣬žͷȤ
Բϥͷ
һ뿪ͥԺﴦɢŮĿⶼϣЩ˲̫
Ϊף˹
վǶһȻ֣ƺһ֮͡
ãȻգۣǰĳ̫ԡ
лҪ˵~

 73 

ͥԺŮ, ʮ֮, żƫ, ʮһһߵŹˡ
ƼǾ, żͶĿУЩ˲ĶС
֣ЦЦ
˵ľɣһƷˣǸ͵ȵ檣ɵλݶûȥҸûӣ
Ͳ󣬿ǰ, ̧°ͣɨƲҿ, Ҳûбʲôϡġ
ƼҲ
һżȻʱ, һñ, ɴܿλ˵ò, ڶ빬ȥȴ·½ߣüݡ
һ, Ŀλǵˡ
ԭĺ
⣬Цٻ⡣ת֮, ǹ鶯ô
òеϤ
ֻ֮ǰûмġ
֮ǰһֱΪϲ񣬱´ǧ򣬸Ҷ׷Ϊ񣬾Ͱżҡ
л˵λ˵Ĵڣı˱֮ǰɱ¾ľ档
˵⼸ƳŵĳѾࡣйٻ˼ᵽλˣ˵Ҫá
̫̫Ҳڼλˣܽύɵ
ƾʲô
ݺǶһôˣоеĹŮǶһЦ˭Цһ֪˭ˣ۸ˡ
֪˵ʱľ檣µˣҲʲȥǿ
żѫһҽżΨһŮô۸ҲǶżҵ
һ檣ɶأôҲǿ˾ңôһССΡ
ղǿ˿ޣһɽǶıߣҪġ
ϧǵ˵ģҲˡ
һΣ
û뵽Ȼˡ
֪ôģѵΪĻˣ
ҲԼݡ
ƼվǶΪջߺ󣬵˵ˣÿ͹𣿡
ԶֻƼǾƮ˹Ļ
΢΢ü
żҹ˵Ļ͸ո˵ĻͬȴǽȻͬ˼
еӣûڵġ
⵹Ȥǰż̫̫빬أһŤͷ۸ˡ
벻ͨλŹﵽôģ£ż̫̫飬ģ˵ĻѵǾûг۸Ӯ
棬ǿͱµĹϵϣһӣġ
棬˳۸
ԼҲˣǶˣ檵ݳģ۸ǸĨˣ
ǱҪ֪۸ǻǲǡҪֳ
ԥ¡
ࡣ
̧̧°ͣŬǵš
ֻһҪʲôϥǣˡ
˫ֽڸǰһƼ
ʮŮٴѹͲŮ΢Щˡ
Ƽĸǰ
λŮ٣ʲô
ü۲΢΢ϥŹ˳Բѷչأ졣
ƼɫȻһ䣬Ѹ˺
ңû˵ʲôƱЩŵˡ
Ů֮䣬˵ʲôгҲٻߣóԿԿ˺˺û˭һģ
ˣҧŴżҵŮ
ɫҲãλŮ٣Ƽδ˵ʲôˣû˵Ȩɣ
ȴЦ֪ǶһЩ֪ȴʺˡˣн̵ŮȨǹУҡ
Ҳ⡣
ɫҲ΢΢ˣͷƼ
ôö˶һԲĬĬǱߣͿƼΣԶԶϥˣƼ״ƼһΡ
ĬƬ̡
Ĺ
ˣĹһΰɡ
⣬ֱӴҲ
뵽¹˵ģǸδޣżҹҵŮһżҵţΪʲôżҵ˶ٻ΢һ㡣
Щǳǻġ
ǣҲֻܿһˡ
΢΢̧̧°͡
ϥ󣬺ЦƼƣŹ
ƼǲµˣۿˣֻҧصͷٴϥƼл˿ݡ
էΧеŮѰ
СĶһȥҿҲٱֹ
ƼֻԶԶǰ
Ƭ̣źˣѾˣǾôȥʵ̫Ȥ
Ҳ֪ˣҲǵģ鷳ˡ
磬͵ʲôҿ
ֶ̧С
ѣֻ˹
ǿˣ˴˵һҹŮһӵĳ檣˵õ׸ô
Ծ͹⺬ţֱͦͦվǰ
;ģû뵽˺Ƽ֮ǰЩ죬ŪóΡҲҲǣǸý˺ƼֿӴġ
ָָͥԺһƼƣ뿪ˣ뿴ԼǰȥˮѾסˣ˺񻨾Űٶ࣬вͬһɫ
ŻЩ档
ŮǣûܺģҲû˸һ
οԼҲǲ˷ѹˡ
ǱƼҲ
ƼոնðԸ׼Ƽߡ
Ǻˡ
Ƽոƺǿ޹һεģȦǺġ
ίίģȴԸǸ
˵е㲻أ
ӦƼѾ˹Ĳľ룬źܺá
ˣʵлҪ˵
ǺʵԶĻѩͶˣܱȫǵ̵ı
ƼĽŲϸżҵŮ˵ףֻһС˰ˡҸԪ˧ĸҦ׸ŮżΨһŮھУҲ˶ŵ֮Ůأһɫ˵ˡ
Ųһ١
ţ
ոǲʲôֵĻ
ǰ硣ûĳ£¡ܱס𣿡
ƼǹһĨ΢Цݡ
ؾţһһ
ΪʲôΪƼĵǸ
żҲֵˣΪżŮֵ
ռȵƼȻһʼһξ͸֪ôõġ
ôģתԼȴקסƼһ
ӺʧصͬʱֻƼĲҽС
ˣΪң
лҪ˵де

 74 

⣡ƭˣ
Ѿ, ò۾
ĺ, ˤһӾˤһӣˤ֮, ҪƼϲɣ
ȴʹĽ١
һ̣ȴһӰӷɿ, Ѹ§żվڱߡ
࣬ˮĻײײ
Сɿֵϥء
٣Щգ𷣡
ѦǸԲС
һǰʮֽš
ظԶæ׷, 
˿£
ֵ£ٶѾ죬ſվ, Ͷߡ
ԭǱϺܺĺˮ, Ƽȥķ, ȴһ
ƼǱǱıˮ, ˮһһ̶̵ʱѾ÷࣬ȵĻ˵ڡ
ոһҽ, ˲֪ж٣Ų, ͥԺдҴҸ
ıźˮƼӲģ۶ȥ
Ȱ
ѽƼѾͷ۸ʳ
ֻǸʮСˮݵˮ£ӣָȥ
¡רΪͱϵĺǱ˵Ҳ㡣
ŮҲȥֻ·֦ݸƼ
ƼںѾӲͼץץ֦ᶳɱϣ޵˻ߡ
ҲȾҡȾҡ
ﶼһ
žͺܺ£֪Ǳĺˮﶼʲô
ŲҴҶʱƼ֣Ӳץ֦
ƫƫˮвָѾӲץȴôץΣúޡ
ȾңǾȾң
ѣȥһڱˮץӲǽ
ϰƼûֱɫ࣬ŵʵᡣ
Ȼ˼Ҳˮǿŵû겻ģҲֻ̾ùŮõĶ񣬸Ƽ˹ȥ
Ķͷ£ƼƬ̣޵óء
ҲϹĥʲô˼أԼĥȥˡ
һˮҪﲻСġ
ȹŮһϹŶ񣬱ŮվţƼڵϣϹһδĶ񣬻ʪأ޵ûױݣ¡
һܹƼ
Ƽո˵ʲôˣôˮˣ
ͷȥƼôҲẔ̇ڵϵƼ̲ס
ո˵ŹƵģ
Ӱ˽תƼǰ
ˣ֪ˣܳ裬ƼЩƼҲżҵŮôʵ̫ˣ
ʹʲôС˲йŮڰˮô죬ˣôô죡
ŮҲֳһ죬ؿƼ
ʵƼ̫Ǳʪ࿿ĻУһľδ
ˣƼ˵ʲôģ˺αغƽϣһŮˮˡֱԣ̫ˣ
ɲǣһȥ϶ҪҸ˵˵
ţҲŭˣֱһָƼ
Լȥ˭Ƶ˭
ոô׼Ƽ׷˵أƫˮˡ
ɶ
Ƽ˵ʲô
ոƼקĶ㲻úΣ߷̵˶Ȼܿóġ
ҡƼĻУҧŴԥƬ̣ҡҡͷҲ֪
ɴۣ
ק㲻֪ŹǲΪû֣
ƼĿ⡣
Ҳ˵ʲôֻ֪˺ö˶£ڱˮá
ãһߵڰ׵졣
̲סˡ
ɼ㻹ݵòãӻϴ
˵⻰һ˲ˬȻ룬ˣٻҲˡ
ȥѶû
ոջĶˣһ룬ίˡ
Ųøأãҵģ
ߣߣߣ
Ůȥק߶ʱƼɵˣסˣˣѾˣ㻹Ҫ۸
ڿһøҲûУӲק۸ңѾԵ±Թˣһҡƾʲôã䡣
У˵۸Ҿ۸ˡ
ԺŬ룬ΪһҪô۸ˣչݣ
۸ˣǽǼҵҽбôһ£
˵껰͵ؾԼ˵ͷˡôæôܻⰥ
һʱ飬ֻСת죺ҶûҪ˵ǱǺ۸ҵİɡ
˵⻰طֶƼе㲻ԣȻһ뷨
òᡭı˸˰ɣ
ϣЩɡ
òڻƼ۸ɡֲɵͱµĹϵ¿ϣҲ
ܾţֵֹء
ԥ¡
ˣܲһ£ѦԱ߹˹֡
˵
Сһӡ
ˣ
ѦһָƼȥĵط
ŹǶȥģȥµһոճµĲֻŹˡ¹شҪϱ¡
˵ȣһɲ뿪
һӻˡ
ʲôǲ
ǿɲЩȥѺΧ
Ѧ˹֣ͿأǷˣЩ£˭ӲȫҪȥʻġٳǰµķԸһй˵飬Կɱ¡
һʱ֮ҳһƬǰĸŮǣ뵽ˮƼѾȥȻѣ˴ơ
Ȳ裬ӶǴ򿪵ġһ۾ܿǺΧŵǣķ׼κ̤㡣
ոѾȥˣȥҸ֪ͨˣҪһиҵĳˡ
ȴЩ飬ӡ
˼Σǲ֪ǱһֱæڳΪר̳һΣɲǸС¡
ոΪһʱ֮˵ǻĶ룬ҪǱ²Ҫ˵ʧ裿
һͺΡ
ֿһࡣ
ǿȥУбۼŮǡ
Ůûǰģˣһŵ֣ȥ
Ҳв뿪
һԼҲ𣿣
ŵʮּĶȥ
żֺ£Լ֣ڷת
ԽԽţǲʲô¡
һ磬̫ˡ
ָ˼Լ
̰ͼ棬Ͳˡ
ȵȱҪǲܳҪúһ룬ôԼһ̨ףȥ֮󡭡
ʱĹŮȹ˽Ҵһϥ
ˣȫгӭ
Լָ
ô죿
Щ㱡
Ȼġˡ
лҪ˵ضԲ⼸̫æˡ
컹ҪȥҽԺ飬Ŭո

 75 

ֱŮ¸϶, ñ, ȥʱ, Ůǡ
Ů߳ûͱ
λ뿪, ڴ˵Ⱥ򡣡
ѦǶͿȴʧǿӲŮǡ
ۿЩŮһɫã۾ﶼҪðˣѦҲ޶ԣת͸
ˣʱ˶ңλﲻ߶, 򡣡
ȻҲͲٶʡմʱԶԶ, ϺɫĶ߰, ·, üͷ󲽶
, һսս亹ֱð
£
˵ĸǰرع, ԹϥȻֲ˼ء
Ҳãֵ, ʱ䣬ñ¶һˡ
ֱץļ۷ȷСûг£˿
¼䣬û㲻ȥĵط
൭˵Ƕ˵ȴ
£ֻǱ˵Ĵ
ˡǳʧ죡
Ӧ죬˵յСŮˣֲãû뵽˲ְ𣬾ȻЩա
Ҳϥͷǳ֮ǳûе|̺Ժڷֲе飬½
һһ㶣ܾգ˵
ʵʵ죬վֽ࣬ץ䣬ĽŲߡ
ʵҲΪǰȴʮֵǫ
񡭡Уϵ׽ĳϵϵһ
ʲҿĽź󣬻ص
ʱǲŽŽøŮߵ밲
ֱץˣĴ¹ŵŮǡ
һ۾ͿŵԼ
ľ֪̫٣ϢʱҪ֪ľСİΣ
ۼСûˣŵǶ̧̧°͡
˾ǰһЦǺǰ˵
շʲôɻǵãôڸϳ£Ƽˣ
̧ͷһ۵ûУͷƵģҡҼǵá
ԼĴȣǿ÷˵ˡżҹƼƺЩ˽ʱˡŹˮԱߵСҿ򡣡
⻰С
ȻѾùӣ۾ﶼ⡣
ߵڰף
˵ƺû⣬ţôôʲô
ù֣
ƫƫֱֻӷ
İС
ﻹһƼ
ᣡ
˴
Ը
ûһѵƼ԰Ѿߵֽڣһ࣬ŵӶתˣ죬Ŷ߶¹ڵϣҲû˵ʰ
Ĳ̣Ƽˡʵ˴Ǻˮãûء
ƳƼһۡ
Сﶪʧ֮ż̫̫뷨ģСģżҵ֧Ů
żʱݣŸҫ
ڡ
ߴ˭ֵס
Ƽŵ̱У̲ס
ž͵ȵѡ˵˵
ƼɫȻһ䣬۵׷һ˿š
Щ档
žͣƼֳɡԼֳôأ
ң˵
ƼȻͷȥ
ŮŮŮн黳Ҫ˽¸˵ǸһߵʱŮǳŮŻˣС
Ƽ˵Ļͬ
Цˡ
ŻʱקһŻ˻ҪһҺ㣿
Ƽû뵽ֱô˵֧֧ᡣ
ˡֺαᣬŮҲƽϵġ
ƽϣ
ŽƱ졣
Ƽ㣬ʱȥ߿קӵȻҪһ䣬Һ㡣Ҳǣ
ƼĬ
ʱ򲻸ʲԸˣƼ˵ԼŻˣ˺αػҪ
˵ķ𣡡
Բվŵһڣָŭʲô㲢ڳ֪飬ΪҪ˵˵Ǹ
ίỨ

ôһתؿ
ˣСƽЩӡֻЩˣ֡
Щֲڵء
ʮ룬˵ǳҲȷȷʵʵǳģŤ
޹ءˡ
˵⻰ʱҲʮֵǿ
ʵȫ̲еģƫô˵ˣڱǰҲĺƽϡ

ô޹أ
ȴֱӽӹɨеŮ
ûв֮ǰƲϵ
£
ɫһ䣬СŮЩçײ
û˵꣬ߡ
ȻȻ
ʱһϥ£˶ʹˡ
ЩԶ̫塣ֻ˺ŹͬʱѦϵʱסˣŹˮ
ٹﶼŹﵱʱһ䣬ΪҡȻżҴҸ
˲δˮȥŹ֮󣬸Źﶷ񡣵Źִһŭ֮£ջ˶񡣡
˹
Ǻطǽ˱ΨŹˮĵطѿ̫鿴֣ĺۼ
˵ĻƼϽŲضزסϿԼĸĸɫҪѿ
Ƽæ˵ǺߵıǣǸǰʱģҲ֪ģ
㵵ؿƼǶߣֻܵ˵ͷ
ǰգʱƺǴ˷졣
ƼˣһĺڣȴѾزֻӲͷƤֻһᣬҵʱǣŵˡ
ˣˣƼ˵Ǹԭҡ
ǲ룬ƼҲ湻û֮ǰӲطҪˮõͷһˣʲôûУԼ͵Ǹˡ
ڸҵǸֻ±¡
Сһ۱ֻǿδֹ֮⡣ż˵ǲ飬Ϊھ͵ǸΪβһŵף
֮ǰ˵ʱ˵Ҳһɫ˵˵Ԫ˧ŮҦ׸ŮظƼĻʱȻԼǰδע⵽һ㣬ɲȥϸ룬˵ǳ£±סҡ
ĻƼɫ˲ʧȥѪɫ
ͬʱ˴Ÿž͵
ӣһһĨĻ˱
Ԫ˧ŮҦ׸Ů
̧żƵ˵䡣
żŮݣʲôҲ䣿
лҪ˵дˣ뻹ڸQAQ

 76 

ž, żҵǸ, ҲƼֳ
Դ˻Ϊ档
ǿż, Լ߹ֵͣӰ, ŮǣĿⶼԾͶꡣ
ϣһҲתƲ
ɨŮǣȻ֣Լֳ˱øĵƼȴŵأ԰ҧŴ, ۵׻Ҳѡ
ţ
֮ϵ𣿻žֳ̫ƼЩ£
֡
Ǳ˼ҵ飬㶼׼һλżҵ, Ҳǳ¹˵, żҹֳ
ֻһ, Ŀ䵽ʱ, žѾϥأͷ
ž, ݼ¡
䣬һ˵С
ͱͬŲֻܿͷ֮, ϵǸ
ĿҲž͵ϡ
ʮεĳӣŸ飬֪ĺܶࡣ
˶ΪżҵŮʮǰ͸ŷһŲͣȴᶨԼûȨһֱżҾϢڲõϢ
û뵽ȻСֳ
žõ˴δͣ٣ֱʣǰһ̣ƺ˵ʲôᵽżҡ
²ģǴ˵еˡ
С磬ͬ˹еˣ֪˺٣ƼСϵãҲ֪˵㡣
ոչʱҲֱ˵Ƽ˷ΪŸĵˣһöϡ
ˡ
ǴǰͨݸʱСطˡƺʲôСټŮ
žͶЩ⣬ֻӣܼġǽߣžҲعأķƫư֡
ߵ⣬Ҳǽܿˡ
˵Ƽݺݴ˸̧ͷ
ոգոձ˵ʲô
Ԫ˧Ҧ׸Щŵҫġ
ŮǣŸ˳ĹʮһֱŸʮҲһֱŸһС
ʮʹ˶֪ŸŮҲЩһֱеġ
ЩǸżŮеģżûŮˣΪβ䣿
Ƽ뵽ί
ŸʮˣѵŮ
Ƽ̧žͣȻСȥڱ
ţ
΢΢šüȻٴλͷž͡
ĽСŮһֱĮԳֳֵֿһΪʲôôһۣȻ΢ǢУ
ˣ
ƼãȻͷӡ
òջžϵĿ⣬˳ɨһͬ¶ԾƼߣͬãȻС
ᵽá
ζ˵
ž벻ֻ΢΢šü
γͷ²þǡ
⻰˵ģŶţžʮɷӦ˵ǲ̫Щ
ƼķӦֱӵֳƺûйĽʡֻҲֻҧŴ⡣
˽з飬һ򵥵ž꣬üͷͷ
Ƽǲֻ㿪ߣУҶҿ
򴸻Ȼ޹أȻѾ֪£ΪλҪǰȥһ
ž˿飬ʡ
ƼҲش
ңˣҵʱֻˣֳҲǹġ
ᶼڲ˵ǹģеôң
žͶƼȴ˿ֻۣ
Ƽ˲޶ҿޡ
̾Ϊֹ
⡭žֳʵЩϵĮЩ
˵ǲõԵʰɣҲ̫񡣱ϾһμʱԴԼˣҲǵĮоʶģ
˵ǣžʹˣˣ
ѹƼԼֳҪʱˡ˲飬¹죬˽ֳԵ˶Ҫѹͨء
ؿž͡
һμʱźԶԶֻһǳӡ
žתŵһο塣
ף
ãȻգգۡ
ǰ䣬ü֮һƬĮǲ֪ΪΣһĪϤС
һμ֮ӡ
ǵãԼûôòѽ
ˡ
žֻܿ
£²顣ȥܲˮʯ۷ʲô޹֮ԩķ֮ѡ
ס
㣬޷ġ
Ƴһ
λǡżҵžͣҪҪ˵
΢΢һ㶣ҡҡͷ
гӣһżˣǣƼôܸ˵
İˡ
˵֪Ҫ˵ʲôء
Ҳǿ
ҲżԺ˵
ž͵ȷǺܿͽڷ飬һһ˸
ƼԱ˻ӲţžǰһյĹûס˴
鵹Ĳ˶١
ƼԾŮߥޣһλݣС޸޻۸˳֡
κ˼е檣ܲԽĸŮȥģǵ׶ǺլδŮǣֻҲ²檺Ѱһ㡣
ƼΪżҹѫݣһưͿݺݳһȴû뵽Ӧô졣ûˮУĺˮ
û뵽ǣֻ׽Ū˵С£Ȼֵ˱¸ǰ
ʳǱŵòˣ˴󣬾ȣе˵
£־ûжҰġ־ȫҵã˵ô꣬һֱҵˣ
Ƽڴϣ޵ֱðﶼ֪Լ˵ЩʲôǲΪ֣־ã
ߴžüͷ󲽹Ӹ¶ſƼ
ո˵ʲô˭ҵã
ƼڣͷֲԡǼɣ˵ûд
ž͡رˣҵţԶˣһվͬһʱܴͬϿһơ
ƣҲѪԵϵ͵ġ
յûȣ󱳺ʪ£Բž֪žͷǻ뷨ӣȥһݵĹãȥ̫̫ģ
УżΨһŮ˭ݣ
ƼӲűܿߡ
ңպͿˣ֪˵ʲô
žȴ˿ûзŹ
УЩƽյ飬û˳ҡ
Ƽ亹ֱð
ֻǿ󣬰ֶ̫ҡֻǱԹһ䣬˵ģ
һ˵
ž̫˽ôȥֱһ˻е⡣
ЩŮжƼƽߵòģֻΨһһûмˡ
˵ֻô϶Ǵ˵òУòУʲôߡ
֮£ƼԵˡ˽ʮ࣬ʡˡ
Գֹأһֱû̧ͷһۡ
Ϸղű빬ǰ£ӱǶõ˳ơ
ʮ꣬ϷˣòƼ뵽
ǰĬǶ˵ģһûİ
֮ôȥ˶ҲǴûһ
ﲻǰǹе˵Ļ
ž͵رۡ
侲
̫ˡ۵õʲôϢҪ侲ġ
Ѹٳ
תԺȥ
Ժߵ˶ˡֻʣ
˶ڵ£Ծܵȥ
ֵ̫⣬̲ס룬ǲƼ˵Ϊһˣûиףھг˱£˿ûԱ֮
Ƿʲô
Ҫű¡
һ
Ĭʦʱ˵ģ
ɲ΢ڴһ£м˵Ļκʱ򣬶վ֧վǰ
Ȼˡ
*
¡
ž̤Ժú󣬹һֱ˵лҪ˵£رܡ
Ц๪˹
ǳȸˣ֮£һܽСŮһ˵
ٳʱһֱϵ꣬ȴûж࿴һۣ򢣬ƺб˼
˳õţžͺֱܻӷֹš
̧Ҫ˵ʲô
Ŷֱӵϥء
£һˡ
һ˭
žһûаԥ
ˣʮá䰲
лҪ˵죬ҵþָܻQAQ
ܱǸŶҷ

 77 

侲ؿŹǰꡣ
žͺܴ
ֱ˵, ôʹѾ֪ʲô
֪˵ʲô
ž̧ͷ, ֪
һֱѰáùżҾ, ڹұ߾ȵ, ѰҡЩۼһֱڣδ˵ѡ
ϸʱڳſ̫ѧѧͻҲΪõһõټǵʱҴ˷򣬵ֱգļá
ྲ˵ž˹Լ֤һһ˵
֪, еչ㸮չ㸮شѰϿͨݸ֮, ˵ǽӽȵ, ҲࡣŮ, ݺܺ, ͳȻΪڸУܳŮ
ʮ, ʮ㣬볼õĳոպá
Ƽڼʱ, պͿԳ˵һ仰볼ʮ񡣡
žͣ¡
ЩΪ֤ôһ
ž͹˹֣̳˳մƾʣˣҲᵽͻѬ
֪Ǳµӣ˵仰ʱž͵ıݣôһ˲·ģֻãκ⡣
ɿˡ
Σ
ž㶡
Σ

žͻعζµĻ
ûκεѯʣûıʾֻ˾䣬Σ
ѵ֮ݣ˿ûк
ֻ˵ԭǲΪѾ֪ˣ
žۣĬĬ㡣
ܹ֪ݲչ㸮ǹٻ˼ҵŮȻǾһЩŲġȻѾ鵽ˣΪβżң
ΪżҡŲΪҪżǣ
һ֣˵һܺõѶš

žһֻȹ£˫ϥأֳϥǰͷ
Ѿʮ佫֮·ʺϳԸĳΪĳߣӶΪˣżҾɲ¡
ΨһɱȫŸһߣǳ֮áˡ
һ
֮ϲ
žʹˣϻۼǣ¹ϣʲô棬á
¡
С涼ûмѾƶǾá
Ϊһδãܽżҵıϡ
Σžʹ˵Ϊ˵СҪϻصżңֻᱻ۰ţ谮š
Ȼ
Ҫ
侲룬С͹ˡ
˵Ĵڣ˵Сȫעעɢ
ϲϡ
ˡ
Сͦġ
֪
仰͸ž֮ͣĹϵһ
Լ֪ʱ򣬲Ҫ
Сﻹûӭµݵ׼
ңżҹݣպõϡ
һʱǸ¡
žȻ
ֻȥʺһˣ˾ţǳġڶĻδ׼ʱһҲᡣ
뷨಻ıϡ
ţһŮ˵ķÿ͡
ÿͣ
ôʵʣÿţȥ䣬ǶѾվһˡ
Ǳڵȶһʱŷ֣꣬Ȼżҵž͡
ţ
ž
ǽôҲԸǰŲˡ
òᣬǰԼӣ˺˾Ҫ鷳ɣ
żԪ˧ӣ鷳Ļɲðѽ
磬ǰ벽
žжǸŲ֮ͣ󣬾Ҳûпǰ
ֵȣʼԼļռϷ磬ת
ʱžڿˡ
ȻųĶ٣ܿĳֻһʮСϴãȻ뾯裬Сģɭּ̽ԵС
СӣüۣΣֻɨһȥоˡ
ò׵С˼еĸס
ֻûĸüĿ֮Ĺ
һǣ۹ģģġ
۵׵ĴɽȪ峺
ž˿
úܺá
ʮһֱŵģܰȻλ
ĸǶ֪ĸ׸̥ѾžһֱڵţţһԼá
˶꣬Źκһ
ڣվõǰ

һ
һ
žȷţżԶʱСأȴʮּᶨأ˺ˡ
һ̣һŮٵǰ
ϥŽ֪ˣʲôҪ飿
žѸٴһۿࡣʮͣƷŮٵݣڹʮʱ䡣̬ǻõġ
Ѿ£Щ˽ˡ
ž°ͣȳȥ
ԥš
ǵõ˱µͬ˵Щ˽£أҪ鷳ɡ
࣬ȥɡ
ÿˡ
䣬ֻˡ
ûнӴ⳼Щ֪ô죬ӣž¡
žܿõĽţ˳˵¾£úȲ裬Ҳ͸Ĳһ
С۲Ƭ̡
žͣĲ鷳ġ
Ȼףǣ˵ġͣ
ž͵Ķ棬ϸ۲˰죬ȷָо
֮ǰӡУžǺĮһ˵ᱻ֡
ոƼǼչֳ˾ԵĲ顣
ΪҪž˵Ҫñӵ׼
û뵽Ȼôϣ
Сʣš֪Žʲô£
Ͻ˵ĲƵġǲˣҿɲǸ
֪
žһʹһ
Ƽʮֹ֣޹ģȴЩָ
ֻ㣬ǻʱˣ
ŶõǸģ
˿ֻҪ鷳С
ûû£üʱδˤš
ž˵仰󣬱Ű죬벻ڶ
ĬһʹԼΪβԴǡ
ĬúܲԻķΧ
Žû¡
У
žͲôõĵһζԻ˰죬ʣϲʯһ󣬸ɺã
һһ⳥Ҳ̫˰ɡûҪ
ŽˣĲҪ
æҡ־ܾ
żһ֮ͳžһǲǾҪɻרѽ
žʧܣֻ롣
˰죬һõ״̬
빬ˣ¡¶ɺã
⣬Ӷµġ
ڽǳ˰ɡ
Ѿѵķˡ
ԥ£֪ôش
ž͵ģȵס
Լľһʲôˣ̫ˡ
ڱµʤ˵еˣɹڱ߻ڵĹΨһһ
һ£ּġ
ԥˣԻشˡ
˵˶֪Ժġã
һ뵽ڱµˣžͺ˼֡
ʮãҪҵֳ֮¡޷ܡ
뿪𣿡
ž̽ʡ
һûӦֱӷô֪
ļƻ˻ûи߸κأ
žô֪ߵģ
˵꣬ŷֲԣֽ̧Լ졣
ضž͡
ò߸°ɣҪ˵˵Ļô죿
ˣ
أ۾Ļ˿
ž֤ʵԼĲ²⡣
ڹУòá
֪ˡ
žûͷû˵
¼ˡ֪ʲôѽ׻᲻ȥ߸£
ô졭
ģҽǡ
žͲض¶һӲЦ
ܷʲô֡Ҷ˳⡣
лҪ˵žͣûˣҪûˡ


 78 

, һ翴û, ˵, ˺硣ԪͱȥһŨŨĽ
ԡ, Ůľ裬ҩģݽš
ԡ󣬴һɫȹݽľŷţСѾǱĴơ
ľҩˮ, Ͼ̲ס뵽˽ž͡
ž͵ȫÿϧ, ž֪ԼҪ빬뷨, Ȼܺͱ˵һ˵, ôġ
ʱŵ, Ҫ뿪ž֪ˣȻ, ˵ʲô뷨Ӱ뿪
ѵžҲǺԼйϵ
ֻ˵ʵһģ뿪֮, оûöķʽ
ֹ֣˷ѽ⡣
żĴڡ
ԺҪԶŵĺáƼҲˣž͡
ҲûмĻᣬ˵Ҳûеڶε
ֻҪ״һж˵
ûİžһ绮ȥᵽ
գž˵ʲô
಻žͻ˽¸С֮Ĺϵ
žһǵˣ֮ǰ϶ı󶯡֪£˵һõʱ
һ⡣
¸ò֪˰ɣžǸǻ߸µġ
΢΢˵һ㣿
ŽЩ֣ѡһ׳˵˵Ҫһʲô󡣡
ε߽ţˮĽ
˶Ϊررϲʲô񡣡
෴ʣ㲻ϲ
ҲǣȽ˵ȷƫģδҲϲġ
ֻǣԼϲͱ˶ΪϲоǲһģǾţǿϲˡ
أôȥһ᲻ı˵ɣʲôʯɣ
Ĭض
ᡣ
ûô
ӡˣڰʾ
಻žͳֵĴ󷽡һ󣬶˵Ƹž˵ֺֻõһССǰ˰ˡ
ϧСﲢҽӡ
ģ㶼ţЩøġ
ԼС󵨵Ľܡ
žΪ֣ʲôһ㣬ʵ˵ȥ
£ĶҲܽӡ
ȴҡҡͷظ߸࣬һɣһı
üı
ԣ
ʮ档
Žô˵ҲżҵˡƼﶪȻĴż˶һġֻ˵żҵĲáȻΪ˶סҵ죬ԺƼ˵û
³һ
С˵ļıΪ뵽ʲôıơû뵽ȴСϷ뷨
ˣʲô֪ЩҲá
ңôġ
ž͵ǿԼø֪ݡĲ롣
ˣҲھϡ
СʱҪڶңٵȵȵġ
żҸô黹ܶࡣ
ô˵ѵĲǣ
Ͳ²žΪʲôҪ󣬻Ҫˡ
Ŷԣ
СʣŽ֮ңҸô죿
һ㶼ûлɣ󷽷㣬ֻȥžʹˣŵù
ŵù
һӾ̤ʵˡ
¶˵ŵùžͰɡ
˵ܰء
ǲҪǰ׼һˣ
̧СĿࡣ
Ҫ
¶һЩãȻı顣
̧Īļ¡
̧סСա

ˣࣺ£ô
Ϳ֬ſڼɫöˡ
ɿ̧֣Լ塣
ʱʱҪȻϮôҪԲˡ
ѹżʱܾߵ࣬ⶼҵõԭģ

ŲŲȻСѾ̧͵زȽľУһˮ죬ˮʪĿȡ
һУ̧žʹܡ
Żû뿪ľ裬ĽֱӲŽűѹȥ
棿
űţ鲻С˲䱻壬Ͱģ¡Ҵˡ
ղСĽţ˹ʣĶˣ
鲻ţʮֱŤ
ңҲϷŪ¡
ԹԵǸҴˣ¡
СĵǸȴɿţСĽŲȽľ
ĽŰۣССģĽűߣĿɰ
ýֺȥ˹ġ
СĽֺͷһӲţһСȣ㲻
ϸһʱ죬С͵س˽ţʪյҲչžܡ
ĶӵıӰȤ
û׷ȥСﻹҪӦԸʱ䡣

*
һ죬Ԫָ
ȻȻ֣̫⼸һֱûȪϳһ㶯ûˡ
ѵЩ𣿶캮ضģȪϳǰûô˺磬˶Ҳпܡ
뵽˿ȥ̫˳ùŮ̫ȪϳȥһѲ
뵽ȪϳȻԼǼµġְλһ֮䡣ֻǱûиһظҲֱӸȪϳһ𸴡ֻÿȥȰȰ԰ꡣ
ȥÿ죬ø졣
ʱѵüͷţϥй죬һʱȻû˵ʲô
ڰӣ˳ֵݸ˿һ꣬Цӿˡ
ȻʵǶˣ
ԥ졣
ˣƺƺĽܰ׸¡
ⲻˣಹ˾䣺˼ӦҪóܰ빬Ϊ
һҧڿС
һڵƺмˡһҧȥֻһɬ
Ӷۡ
Ŷô
һӡ
ᣬĺᡣ
òˣƿӡ
ӻˣᡣ
ˣ˼˵Ǹܴ˵ūȥ̫ʱ̫ƺû뵽ū澻ȥūײˣ̳¹﹬ǵһ档
մֵ֭Ӳ֣ԽԽɾ󵽲Ƥ
Լһڹмįû˵ǿ˵Ҫңһ˵ġ
޹أˡ
ҪĲһ˵ˣһܹ˵ˡ
仰ˣӦһ
ǣǶѾҰ˵ҶӦˣЩ
Ĳãֱ˵ֺη
ôء
ε˵ҪģܱģҪöࡣ
ĥ
Ȫϳ´ˣҪ˵ˡ
ūײˣ̫Ծ͸ūһӣūȰ˵ˣҹñ²ҪԪ
˵ţūǵ˼ƺǽҹ뽫ܰµ޵ȥ
ܰ͵µ޵ȥȥ
Ըȥ£ñھǲҾȥ
Ͳűˣ
ߣ
лҪ˵ʳ
ǼӸ~
컹£ʱ䲻һŶ
֣ĲղרŶ
СˬСŮ~

 79 

, 治ʲô֡
, ʲô취Ҳ, ֻϷء
䣬֮ǰ֮, Ҳûа취ˡǹźĶ񣬴Ŷȥˡ
һ͵ȥˣɾˣ
òİͥһҺ˵ģԶԶһƿһȦ뿪
װû
صǱ˭ûϵ
˵ʲôģ˵ҲҲ, ɶںˣ
񣬼һһ졣
ֻҪУֲԼůŮ, , С˯Ƭ̡
һҹ, ʱ, ¶Ҫ׼ʱ嵽ȥ, ۰ͰͶࡣ
Сﶢúܽ
һĸоҪʲôһʱʱʧҪԽ, ĴӺ첱̽ͷ̽
æ񣬾˻ȥ
һֻһо
ˡ
һ죬ǻȥŰɣҺ˽ڣҽճǰȥպܺá
еıʣ¼ۡ
رɫؽӻȱùţҸ°ఴ࣡
ϵ϶
졭
̧ͷŵض
˵ʲôɣʵҲôģ
Ľţ˸仰һ߾תˣճˡ
⻰˿
ЦֻҪ²ͺá
ճøһЩ
ȻᣬСȫ̶⡣
ȥһ˻СǶЩʲôҲ˽ŸС
Ǽ¡
ճһԪ
Ϊ޹İûסˡԪйرĶԽԽࡣ
ԼӵСʱʱ̲̿и
ʱԼǱ·ˣһڿһۡ
е㡭Բˡ
ˡ
ùź̲ס˱ôţҲҪŻ
ֱ̧С۾
Ҫʲôֱ˵
ЦЩڨڨץ±ֺ󣬻ӲûҪʲôֻ뿴ű°ˡ
ܸκοɳ֮
ôģ˵Ҳʮֵϡ
һ̧С°ͣϸϸ
СǰȷġȱһЩҪĶ
ڽϡܿһҪĶˡ
࿴档
Һҵشߡ
ôôͻȻ
ôô档
еˡ
ֻź£ȴԼںʲô֪
ĿЩƱ¡㶢ʲô
ֻ㿴ңҿ㣿ָ°͹˹ûôԵĹء
ʵڶ㲻̧Լ۾
ɿɣֻҪܼװ֪
Ƥװڵֵסߡ
ţϷصľģʱҪһţƤˣճȥůְ˼ңҹճԪ
ô죬඼⣬һʣȴʲô˵
û˵
߱ҪСĳʲôˣ
ʲôʸ˵ֻأ
ҪǱԼĺɶûС
Ŷ
ģԼںԼ
죬ûзκ⡣̫ǱûκζȻûҲû뿪̫
Ǹ˵εĳܰǴӳ¹빬ڶûмء
ֻһ᣿
࣬ǲԼ̫Сˡ
ҪҪǰͰɡ
ôճűճ˿񶼲ˡ
ڷԺҲҪűһ𴲴ŹǷȥ죬ѾϰˣߵСͷڱ˯
ˡˡ
ѾСС˸ˣҪűȥ𣿡
˸˯ԺأȥˣҪ˯
ˡ첻űȥ糯ȥš
һȥһ졣
ˡ
࿴СֹȻ˵΢С
Сܼ죬Ѿˡ
Υһ˯Ȼѡ
ȥһԵˡ
ַ˸׼Ĵװ
·ػ˺þãۿϾʮˣʱҪ·õġ
ξûеʵʵڴѡ
ãҪů¯Ŵһĺ÷ѩ˺һ㣬ѹ˻䡣
ϵ·Ҳ졣
ͷ½½磬̫ɽƻɫͷ˽һʱӶˣԷлƣ̧ͷѾߡ
磬ಱӡ
ã沢δˡ
磿
绹ûнġ
ЩƣԼѾǴ߸ŷ̵ģôȻء
࣡
ֻ˸˺
ǲ˽
ף
Щˡ
˵粻ڵУǿԲ᲻ڵС
ԪŮ٣ʱʱ̿Ԫġ
֣Ƕȥˣ
˼񣬸߳ţͷԪڿһˡ
һˣ
⵹˹ˡ
ҲЩ漫ˡ
ȹС̨ףͥҲˣǵſš
ƺЩʲô
˹ȥ
ŵĵ⣬Ϥ̵
ϤģǴЦкЩ׺ݵ
˭Ҳἰ¡һ©ϢСǵ
Ųһ١
ãȻգգۡ
ʲô顣
ʲôиἰˣͻҪǵ
Ǳ£ʲô飿
٣ĪĲϮ
̷ģūһ̺ܽù£֤һ˵졣ǰūһ취ס
ǿࡣ
ҧ´ĵصŽż⣬ֿ
ڵźĸˡ
ūһ²ǳ̫ô죿
˵ģȴˡ
̵
̫ҲóҲãǶ˵£²׷ǣ̫ͳ˸ˡ
죬ȻҰ͵Ĵȥ
һ㶡
ţ
ո˵ʲô
ϱµĴ齡Ǹܰ
ûзס
ҧ˴
˿ڱҲ컯ˡ
һ͡
ˣ
лҪ˵ţϣ²У
ǵʱˣ쿴ȡָ

 80 

ԴһƬҡ
, Ȼ͵طӦ, æȹתܡ
ѩŸ֨֨, ŵ´򻬣Ҳ˲ϡ
ֱϴ, űϣǹӸոϮ΢ܱɢһ㡣
ոմ˵Ļˡ
Ȫϳע⣬Ǹܰȥ˱Ƕ
Ȼ²ϲֱӡֱɱ˳ܰ
ôɱˣ
ڱ߶¡
㶼ˡһμʱ򣬱¾ΪϲֱӽǰǸˣϳȥɱˡ
ʱôڱµɱ, סģ񶼲֪
ǱµĴ·ֻڱߵû, Ȼ, ı
ˣˣ
ڱ, ֻоıӡ
˵ǡ
˸ոտǡǳȥˣ
ҧŴ, ֪ô˵źá
̵ǸǱ֪ġרŰ˶гȥ˶
ȴײˡ
֪Ѿ֪ˣô죿
ֱ˵֪, װɵ
ȥȥʲôͬ

ֶ˶٣ڱţ֪ˣ˱, Ƕǳ¹ԼĻ¡ŵˡ
û
䣬֪Ķ࣬ԼˣˣûŵˡȻ˶֪ˣū¸˵ϸϸģ̫࣬ɺã
̫֪
¹ôûһܾͷڶ̶̵ʱڡ
Ҳ룬ǳ¹Լһģǳģ
ǰū߹ˣĽ¹͸£빬Ϊ¹һʼͱ˼̵ѧҲ档
ǰű£һ㶼ûиͳ¹ᣬ֪ˣסһֱȵ˽졣
̲ס˸
󣬳Яܰǰ˵кصҪ¡ȥ֮󣬳ǲܰ͵͵͵ůУܰůеϲš
ͷһơ
ůǲһֱʱĵط
齣Ҳ˯˵ġ
ûйس¹ĵطоһĪӦ
ԼĵطȥˣԼ˯Ĵ齣һİˡ
һֻ
ܡ
ƺʲôѬ㣬ųЩԣ˳
¿£һ⻰ͼˣͷ̲סʡ
Ȼôһ磿
ʲôѬ㣬˺
Ǳµ
̫ڿ˵ĸŮű»ȪϳȻѬ㣿
ڴӱ˿æʹ˸ɫһˮ¡
˲ż¡ǶϢ˵Ϊ˳ܰǼ£˻׷ҩˡº޺ҩġ
˵ףҲɺ°֣ԼҲзִġ
׷ҩġ뵽ˮšüʣֻů齿Ȫϳǲǡ
ͷ϶뷨
ˣǡ
ӦǴҪñ·ȱȥůʱɳ̱ܰµ⡣Ǵһʼñ·˶ߡ̹ϡ
ǳܰﲢ֪ůĴʱű£ĵء˵ɫ֧֧᲻˵ˡ
Ķˡ
˵ѽ
ߴٵ
Σū˵˵Ķ䡣
ôһ͸ˡ
Ĳ֪ܰﵽʲôȻÿ඼˵ֻ
ԥѹ
ˣܰůûʱѹѡ
𾪡
ѡѹˣ
Ŀ࣬˵䣺ףôˣˣ
ѹˣ
Ѿֹͣ˼첻ķչ
ܰȻô
𾪡
òȥһЦ¹ƺ˾ģҪһٳɰܡΪĻȥࡣ
еע¹ˬѹˣ죬ֻһ仰¹ŮҲ
ɿϽѻ
¹ǺܻĳȥǺܲɵǣ¸סӳǶ֪󣬱ȥů󣬷ֲڴϵĳ¹¹ǱȵģҲˡƫƫ¹Ҳʸġ
¿¹ŭˣֱһ
֮󣬷˵һ⡣
ɱǲΪѹˣ
ʵĿҲ޷ش
ū澲Ҵʥ⡣
ΪᷢʲôԽܵ顣Щ飬ڳ¹ŵůѹϣӳĵ޹⡣
Ķǳ¹
ɱĲǵֻΪɱˡ
ˮԼѾǸµ˳
֣ĸоһ룬ǾԲڱǰѹģԣӦòΪɱ
ֻ˵¹ʱ˲ã·˵ܻ
¸շ¾Ԫйˣֹκ˽͸¶ˡ¹ˣ˻Ầ¡
һ˵ţһߴ顣
ոսʱѾ࣬ҲѪɫҲ鶯ˡ
ѾӾ˳
֪˵һ䣬׵ġ
Ŷ
˵ͷ
ʵĻС֮ǰԼ᲻ҲǾôⱻɱˡ
ڸűµĴʱǰ£춼ĵģԼڶ̫
ڱߵײײôʱ䣬ԼԼţӦǲɱġ
һﱣϣڱǰˡЦ֣ҷСƢ
ֵӴþˣЩ˱Σա
˵һֱΣգֻǰΣձʱ
ȴʱڣӰΡ
ܰҲǸһǾӡ
Ȼ²ɱڱߣӦÿԷĵġ
û㹻ĵĸо
ϢЩ֪ôԱÿȥ˵ղ˯ȥޡ
جΡ
ˡ
ûһֱǾģ
컹ûűӷ
񣬻Ӱ졣
ܳ¹ﵽζǸһӰ
˹Ůȥһ³ܰ
˵ǳһƷټҵĴŮΪ䳤òھҲС
Ůܰĸڹ⣬һڳڿ޺ԩ
һ⡣
ΪŮұԩ𣿡
ˣ磬¹ﱻ빬УȴΪ볤ĺıԳ¹ļ˵ǸشĴ
ܰļˣҲʵҡţԼжС⡣ûбİ취ҲֻЩ취ֲһ³¼ˡ
ˣΪ¹ԩȴǶԱ¡
СŮµأū澴ѧʿǡǶԩ
˵˼ʣ裬˳¹
лҪ˵

 81 

ʲô
Ӧ˰, ֻҵһܽ͵ɡ
Ǿǳܰĸ, ۸أ
Щա
ܰ, ¸ȥڱƻȪϳ鷳⡣Ͼǳ˽, ߥ͵Ƕȥ
˵Ϊʣ˳ܰⲻ˵˵𣿣
ˡ
ô˵
ŮϢǳѧʿһЩ˹ڹ⣬Ůǰȥ̽ϢʱûκεĻӦ
Ƕǲ֪ġֻ˵֪Ҳ
˵ԼҪ¼͵뷨
˵ܰеԩ, Щܣɳܰĸףǽʵʵѳܰ, ̧һַ
Ȼͬ¼ûŮıʹ, Ⲣ, ¼˾Ϊ, ڹͷϡ
ԵĲ˵ܰ빬, Է涼ûм
ܰȥ˵ظԩʻģ
˶ǹŵĳѧʿҪѧʿ״ôڹͷϡ
ĹŲûг, ѧʿżͬűѩǶһʱڿҪãõǡ
ʲôˣ
ţ˶ţʱ˻㱨ԪĹŮǵһνӵôصرСŮһֱ۷Ԫ͹ſڣϢ
СṲ̊Ԫںﶼȵóһͷĺ
õĹŮ׼²裬СŮЪ˿Ͻ׷ʡ
СŮ˵ˣūȥʱ򣬳ѧʿͼŽ߷ˣ
һ㶣ӦŽžͺʮ죺Ž߷ˣ
ڹſڣ棿߷ˣ
š
žʹˣΡܾž;һҪ볾ˡĮ飬Լ÷£ܵĴһ˽ûС
֮£ʮ¼黹Ҫ빬Ŀ
Ƽʮ£ֱǲżȥͬǽ£ʮ֮˵ĸż̫̫˹á
žͶԼõĳͷȫ֪룬ûаѡ侲ľһԹߡ
žͣȻڹſڣĿ֮£߳͢٣
ˣʣżҵǸžСͳѧʿг𣿡
СŮǴıȽҲŵʱĳ档
ˣūȥʱոպãŽ빬Žߵſڣ˳ѧʿˡʱѧʿҡҡλΣһѩŽͣʳѧʿڹţЩʲôѧʿ˵ԼŮˡ˵ϣҪ
СŮµظ
ѧʿ˵仰ŽŽ̧žֱӰѳѧʿ߷ˣ
ڱֻŸݡ
ˣʱŽͳѧʿڹ⣬Ž̧ţֱӰѳѧʿ߳һԶǽǡѧʿվˣѪ
Ž߷˳ѧʿ⼸󳼣ǲҲôġ˵쾭塣Ÿ˵꣬Žֱ̧֡Ӱ߷ˡ
ʱſڵǸӦūҲǼλ󳼱߷ɵġСŮҲŵˣŽδ飬һȥڵϰ
úݺݴ˸¡
һ߷һԶžʹˣ
˵žô仰󣬾Ͱȫ߷ˣçײ˹صĵزȫžͻ顣
֪ΪʲôСŮո˵Ļ뵽žǸ⣬ѧʿ˵ž;߷ôţһžĸо
϶ˡž˵ֻôһΣ˵زʶԣôΪΪͷ͢ء
϶б֪ԭ

סǡ
Ц
ѧʿͼ󣬹ȻǴֻģƽûŮԼͬŵ棬ž߷ɣѩϼ˪ˡ
ͦҵġ
Ц
ǡ
˿ȣװģŽͳѧʿ֮䣬ʲôɡҲ֪Ҫô
ˣū澵ʱǶʱŽͳѧʿƺǱȥ
Ŷ
۾һ
ȥ˱Ƕ
ºܿܽˡ
ȷŲ磬ͽˡ
͵͵ȥϢĿ࣬üչصԪ
ˣˡ
ԪµĽ˴ˣڵȵ۾һæÿϸ˵˵ôġ
ѧʿ˹٣
һ仰ˡ
˹٣
⡭ҲЩ̫ˡ
뵽¼ҲֻǼ콵ˡ
ˣǵġѧʿΪ⹹ˣɿͬͼ˽йЩҲ֪ѧʿôŽūţŽڴϣҪóѧʿһ뿪ǡ
գգۣʣ֪Žѧʿ֮䵽ʲôɳ𣿡
ᵽȴЦҡҡͷ
ˣѧʿŽ˵żңԩ޳ѧʿȥԪ˧ŷˣȥŸ񡣡
ǵ˹ˡ
ײˡ
ѧʿ̬ȣżǺ𾴵ģΪʲôŭžͣ
ū澵֪һ㡣ųܰ빬ѧʿ֪ġȪϳܰǺѣʱعǰȥ˳¼ҽӵĳ¹
ū澻֪һ㣬ܰ빬ʱӳ¼ҴһӡһƺЩ鱦Ʊġ
˵ּһ䣺¹бġѧʿҲɾ֪ģƲóܰҲԩ
һһ㶡棬Ȼô֪顣
ΪΣѧʿһҪ˵ҴŮֲһ㣬ŮڱϣȪϳ빬ҵ鷳ͷβͺܻ
ӣǸ޹ϵºˣ˹٣ǡ
̾
ˣѧʿһУǴˡܰڱµ˭˵ҲȥұҪŮȪϳȪϳ󣬻
ųѧʿһңѧʿôҲȥҳ鷳ңìͷ׼ˣһܰȥлеŮ̾빬
Ȼ
˵еúãѧʿã
ӣǲģ
۸ҲҪܲ۸ɹ
̤ʵˣȻ˿
ѧʿˣôһ˶֪޹ˡ
һϣûаܻв
Žأ𣿡
Ȼ뵽һء
ž͵ʱҲųѧʿȥ˱Ƕ
ҺͳѧʿͬžΥ˹ɡڹſڹȻ߷˳ô˵˵žͲ
ҪҲû߷ѧʿɣôһž͸òյͷɣ
Ȼ죬̲ס˾䣺֪ŽΣб𷣣
𷣣
൹ǲ⣬ԥ¡
ˣū֪ģŽƺִûб𷣣Žߵʱɫÿ
զࡣžôڱǰִǳѧʿߵĲԩˡ
һ˵оǣȪϳվҪ빬̫һʱǰִ̸ԼҪ볤ĸŮ룬˼ãˣἰ˵ļˣ½˵ĸĸ뾩Բ
лҪ˵˵

 82 

ͷһ⡣
⡭
̫Ǻ, , ǡǡԵ顣
չ㸮ûȥ, ҪǱĴӦˣԶ, ҪչͬüĻ˵αװˣƭ£ͻ֪ˣ
֮ǰ¶ãⲻ̽ӵҲ̰
ϢͷƤˡ
, Ϊֱӱ֪ʵݣȻɣ
, ʮ֪̫Ľ, µû
ҹ
, ű
ǰſԪ, һ۾Ͷ˫ۡ
£
ӭ˶ֶ׼õȲ, ЦùСһˣҸ´磿
Сһۡ
۵׳飬ؾԼ, Щеز
ӣ̫ĽѾ֪ˡ
СѾͷˡ
൭ȻСڣſڰϡ
ڰԱߣСѧŹŮǸȣ米ô
¡ѾӿǶ֪飬Ҳûм׷ʣֱԼ⡣
̫˵̫ñ£Ҽ뾩
ҧŴµСôţֻѾ˽ࡣ
СĵȴĴ𰸡

෭˸
ȥˣСӣʵʵҡͷ롣
ȥˣֻǽչ㸮ˡ
ȻĵԼε³
Բչ㸮
ǾͲ
಻ŻС
ոճǼ£ŵûԪҪٱŻһ£ŵˣô졣
Ӧĺˬ죬˿
ˡ
̫ˣڲñҴˡ
˿˶ɶˡ
ɹֿʼһ¡
ϾʮˣӦϴӦһ¡
ǾҪѰϿȥˣ
̫Ļһ뷨
ҲھˣҪ
ȥĬʦŪɡ
ĻֳĻԣƺһϲ¡
˵ɾ͸ɣڶ컹ûһ£һ߷Ըࡣ
ȥѦҼһ·ҳ
ˡ
ܰȨĬʦС
̫ѰȨͲðˡ
֮ǰ½̹ˣ˴£ֻɹԲߣ
˵ǳרŶͬеǣҪ·Ҫ׼һڽ档ĵҲҪȫ
ԪһָӣѦµһһȫհˣٵǰС̲ס
ˣճȥҪʲô˲͸¶һ㣿
ﱧŸС¯侲ŵ˵ȥһˡ
ú̸ǲܺĬú̸ġ
ĬʦˣЩóƶϣûñµֶȽϺá
ôֱӰһҲɲ˵
йճ˵һ֮ļƻص˵ͷ
ô
֪ĬʦعŪǷţˡ
ũᣬϴʱûʲôͬ
ϣֻƿһ⿴ȥ
ũܰľûˡ
ʵũҲסһĬʦЩСƽ¹Ӳȷûʲôİ
Ҳã˾͸ˣ
С̧һ¡
ϣ
ʼǰźڽޱũᡣ
ſڴ̨Ƭ̣Ѿסˣÿ
С¯̧°ͣŬڳһֺģ
ǰĬʦУٶĶӵζڿɲһˡµߣԲĬʦǣıߡ
Сſڿӭӡ
СˣѾˡ
Ѧһĵȥ
һȦϣòĬʦͱһýʵʵ˲Ŷš
ģŻһ԰ܵĿˡ
Ĭʦӣһ顣
оǶ˰ɣ
ĬʦǰôŻҲֱѡ˵ķʽ潻
Ĭʦò
һȦΣĬʦĶ棬ܴЦݺк
ֻ۵׶Щ顣
Ĭ鵹һƽҲʲôŵأ̧̧°ͣк
ŶԷˡ
Ͻȡ˿еĲš
͵õɵĵһʱ̣Ĭһ
СŮҼҵģѧʲôãѧо
ӡ
Ǳ⣬˵˰ɣ
ʵȷֶҲоûˡ
ĬʦҪʦϵģֻǼǰΣĬʦ֮Ľ̸죬ų²ߣĬʦȹٺҼƽϡ
ʣҪ˰˵˵ƽǲܵġ
ҲֻܣȰ½ˣҪƽϣ˵
ϣпǺôۣ
Ĭʦ±ţһ׸ģҲô̸
ض
ƱҪʲôеĶܸ㵱л񡣡
Ĭʦ죬͵뵽֮ǰĿڳԣתͷѦýʵ𣿡
Ѧ룺С˲ģһ㡣
شӱקһֳ˵ָĬһ㡣
£Ĭͷܶ˵ȫ̶εأܶһ¡
ŷˡ
Ҫ˵飬漰֮գɲܸ֪
ҡҡ֣¡࣬Ҳǡ
£ֻĬ֪˶֪ġһ֪ˣ˵ͻñ֪ǵȴģɾ˵ʲôˡ
һ£˳ֹľš
ʱ谵ࡣ
С¯ȷ˶˳һЩˣȲʣҵֽ˵֪ҵ֮գ
Ĭոһֱ㲻Ըû¶ҲȻػŲķʣȴһ⡣
֪飿
һ㶣Ȼض
㲻֪ҵǲǹƭҵģ
֪֮գôӦ֪Ůһֱġ
ȴ֪
⣬ƭˡ
˵һŶȦΡ
֣
Ĭۡ
֪˭㶪ʧЩ﷢ʲôҵȷ֪ҿԲһ£㿴ҲµöԲԡ
׼뿪⻰Ҵٸһᡣ
²
أ˵ʲô
Ĭ鶢á
ʵѾˡ㱻úܺã͵˹ʵҲܼ򵥡
Ľˡ
Ĭ˵հġȻ֪˭
ڵݶ˵һģ
ѵ֪
ĸ׻ʱ׷㸸ȥ߾Ǹطܸĺӵˣֻһ
㰢Ҵ˷򣬲Űװ״ôꡣ
ҿɲᡣ
һӽ
Ĭ顣
ĬǸ߸
㳤ģһǸԲԡ
֪常ۣ顣ԭʲô֪
˵飿
ס
常治ҪĬһ
֪Ǹ㣬ĿΪΣ


 83 

˵ʲôŭ, ò, ôô常
һ, ӦĬʲô֪
ûƭ
һ, ֻ֪常常ֶ֪ĬȴֱӺ常֡
ҧ˴ܾԼһЩ̫ڳ嶯ˡ
䣬ĬЦ
񣬳εͬ顣
Ǹƭ㣬ǰһȰ常
˵ǲǺ常оɳԹǰ, ָҵ׳Щ
ɵ׳, ĸ, ĸ, ֳ
ĬҲ, ֱԲ䣺㺰常䡣
һƬҡ
Ĭʦָ常˵ֻ
֪
常ĸ֮, ѵҲʲôɳ
ģгĻ常ôŮһ
ʮ, һֱܺá
ܱһ仰ҡ
㾿֪ʲô˵Ҫ㣬͸ҵǵڣʲôû˵
ܾţĬʦƺڹϷŪ
ʲô֪ȴֻ˵Ÿ˲²͸Ļؼĵ㣬һֶû͸¶
ƭӣ
˵ģҪ֪֮գҪ
Ĭ±ɸģҲôС
ض
˵ˣ鱦еĶԸ㡣
ĬȴЦҡҡͷ
ģЩ֪Ǳֽʣȥдһ˻飬дһ飬֮ĻԼҾ͸㡣
ã뵽˻飬ѵ˵ݼδ
ⲻص㣬صǣĬʦȻҪд飿
һ˵Ҫ޸ѵſᱡȻ뷨
̫ˣ˹Ȼóƶϡ
ɲܾôģ
룬ĬŵԼж˶
㱻Ұˣҵʣû̸Ļᡣ
ŬѧűϾܾҪ
ϣѡֻң߱ҡ
ģмࡣ
ĬȴЦˡ
㲻ʺϰڳ⸱ģ㳤ĸףĸʱŵˣ˲̧ͷĻ
װ˵С
ҧס̲סĬĻȥ룬ĸףĸȴϵĶ࣬ĸסʲôģ
ûмԼĸĸΣġ
ոչôĬһ仰ɢˡ
Ĳ¡һввã˷š
ֽϣԼȥдˣݲҪдһ㣬
ƳǱߵӡ
ȷ˵ŵֽʡ
ǲвģ
ͲܻΪȥǩʲôġ
Ĭʦһ˵˵ʲôûãҲġֻҪһ𰸣㲻ңֱ˵ǡҲ㡣
Ȼ֪ҵô϶ֻ㣬ˡҵѡ񲢲ֻĬʦһˡ
Ҳκв
ȷ˵ģ˵Ҳͨˡ
Ĭ˵ģ常ĸĸȻʶģҲ˵ʲôϵп϶ԨԴھУ취˴ǡ
ʵڲУȥĸҲС
ôһ룬¶ɣ
治֪ˣ
Ĭʱȴס
Ҳԡǩ飬ǩһҲС
飿
ЩãȻȴǲ֪ġ
ǩ常Ļ˵㣬ΪҵŮա
ĬԽԽӡ
ˡ˵ô£
Ҫ޸ܾ˾˶ΣҪŮ
вǴįҪҸţ
Ȣ޲ɾŮҪپܾô˵ãŮ
ĬʦԴвҪȥġ
ĺ飺мʱ䲻εĻܻܲá
ĬҲգֻŮԸ⣿
Ը⣡
վһһĬʦ˵ˡʲôǮҪҶӦġ
ĬʦȻ˵Ǿ͵ҽû
תߡ
㵱治֪
ƲƲ죬Ųûͣš
֪ǲвǩκε顣
ˣ֪֪ġ
һ̧ŻûпżͼԺվһˡ
ԱߣŲԶ걳ƺڷ
ס
ԥ¡
һԥ䣬
ת
Ȼ
ЩεǼ⡣
Žô
ƽһһĻ£Ȼòž͸ײˡ
žͺǳ¹Ǻѣ¹Ĭʦĺѣžͣ᲻ҲĬʦϵܺã
⡭
ô۸˵ӣɲܸ
ŬţЦͼž͵עתߡ
ĬʦСߣܻõġ
ž͵Ŀϣ´һ
Ȼ̧߹
Ѧס
ŽⲻϹء
žֻ̧ƿСĸ첲ǰͣǰ
㡭
ȴֻ˵һ֣Ȼ˵ȥ
죬žͲŷʣк£
ſڣ˼ĬʦĺѼӵǸģ
ҡ鲻ѣҾĬʦ졣
һ˵һ鵲ţż⣬ͼסߡ
žֻƳһۣתǲ˵ʲôֵĻ
һȻ뵽ž͵˽ͷǣĬʦ˵˺ֵܶĻ
ŽĬʦ˰ɣŽǵöһĬʦѾͶҽһҪҼ޸һҪҵŮĬ鱻ŲֱܶӸ״
ž۾һУɫ˱䡣
ףҧۡ
֪ˡ
֪ˣ
žֱӴ߲ûסֱӽȥ
ˣҪŽۼĶˡ
ۡ
žԸ񣬻ȥ֮󣬿ܾҪñ˰ɡ
ֻţžͱ𶯽߷С
ţڴ˾ҵײĬʹƺߡ
һ㶣תš
ڣȦϵĬ飬ѾһˤڵأžӣĬ죬ݺһȭϡ
Բۡ
ûžʹģѾģĬ顣
һȭÿݣֱӰĬúݺݵڵء
ĬϻһӣǱڵϡ
Ҳ֮ǰʲôʲô˼
žʹˣݺݷŻ֪ϷŪҲ˶֡
ĬڵϿЦ
Ȼ֪ˡ
Ȼ֪žһ䣬֪ȴң㣬ȥкȥҵ
Ĭɫ䣬ۣƫͷȥ
ܼһ桭Ҿˡء
žͲѵڵϵĬקӡ
תſڵ͵ȥ
žͣĬ顣
վǶһ󷢴
ո˵Ļʲô˼
žʹ̤Ҳվſڣô
ִٵز֪ôźã̲סʣŽôˡ
˵㡣
ž͵Ļش̡ܼ
أ鼱
Ĭģǣģ
㡭ԥ£Сʣ֪ʲô𣿡
žͳĬƬ̡
֪
̾
㣬Ҿ֪ˡ
κء
ž˵ʲôȴйɳ嶯ϸϸž˵˵֪ҵġ
ܣ˭˵ģؾţžͺ֪
ûʲô
֪Ҫƭ㡣
žϵ᣺֪Ļҡ
סˡ
죬ͷŻеС¯һ
ʱȥá
˶ûж
ǣŶ
̧ž͵ߣط
֪ҡ˭𣿡
žһ䣬¶һǳЦ
Ҳʧȥԭ䣬һ˿ᣬȪ
ҵã䰲
ž֣ͷ
㰢֡


 84 

ΪΡ
ž͵Ļ, Ů֯һ, ܳвԸ
ôôΣ
Դ, žʱ̲ס, ǲŪ
Լ˶꣬ҪŪˣãǻʧ
ңôͻž͵أ

֪ô졣
СԶ׼ãȻ࣬Щ
žͲżֻ˵, ûƭ㣬ǲܽܣٵȵȾǡֵ㡣
⻰, Щᡣ
ž˶, ܵ, ȵס, Ҳȵѡ
ҡЩѵ˵Ĳ֪ôأôôɵأ
ⲻɣֻʱûࡣ綼֪ġ
žͲƼ, ˺һ
㲻Ϊ˷ģеһᴦá֪ʱ򣬻ؼͺá
ؼҡ
˵, ż
Ǹ뾩һֱ˵ģҵżңԭпļң
һ죬̫ûʵˡ
ž͵Ҳ̵סѾݣþԼҵģܲġ
С綼ż
ͻһ·ҡҡλλصſˣزżҵŮǲǱҲ֪
죬ߵʱʱǱ˪˵ӣüأԪĹŮǶ֪ʲô
ҳһƬʲô룬ȴʲô벻ס
ĬʦУ常ġ
ž˵á
ЩģĸĸԪ˧ŷˣ常ʲôŻᱻĬʦô
Ѱ˼ң˷ڽᶼʲô顣
Ԫ˧ǵʱִ±սҲһ꣬ս
常ѰϿҲǵʱ߾Ĺһߡ
ôҲ벻һжģ꣬ʲô
ҹľһüСϡ
࣬Ǽ˾ꡣ
֪Ǳ֪
Ԫ˧常һǳسһǻҷǵ϶֪ģ
£
ɨȥһ
Ѿ֪һ˳Ѿ֪Լ
ֻ˵
޷Ҳá
ȥʲôˣһ죿
Ļ˼·
ȹ࣬۾ء
££ʱһЩ£
֪ʲôȴΪһ£Ҫһʵĳ͡
ͣˡ
ĬʦǶҪָĥˡ
ҪʲôʲôҸҪĳ͡
𣬡˵һ⣬ֻҪ
ľô򵥣
ȴЩšôֲܻԵȵĽף
ˣֶΣر׵ġ
ô򵥵飬ڹ⡣
ô򵥡һÿҪظԪڣΣ
ôãǶŴˣ
жѣӦã
ʡ
չֳ˶ԵŴʡ
ܶͶұг͵ģǱѾܺˣôСĳͣԺԲơ
һů˲裬ŷʡ
£֪ʮ塭Լһ£мʱʮô¿϶ѾʮǰˣʮǰԪ˧һ̣ôܵġ
ûܡ˼֡
Եսĳƺţսϣػĳգδܹ
㵵ۡ
ûаܣ
˶˵Ԫ˧һսŷ˫˫
Ԫ˧һ̴úƯüСҲҶ̤ԭ벽Сĸף׵ҫñûѵ͵ֻͷԣ˰̣˶ֻǵãսԪ˧һСսУڰзĵλ
û뵽Ȼġ
ʮ˶ֻ֪ս޲ʤԪ˧һսУ˵ǿϧһ̣ս޲ʤ񻰡
ԭԭֻȵ۸õһˮ
ȵۡ˰죬ˣǲ֪ôźá
Ѻõṩ˼ʣǧУ࣬ϡ
ŭôˣЦá
ȵ۵ģȴǱ¡
ȵǸˣôԱ£ôԪ˧֪ʲô֪飬ȵ
ϳɢЩ׼ȡϢˣȡˡ
ϣ˵

ĳҪһ˵ڣɵˡ
¸ող˵ֻ𣿡
ûģֻƭ˵ʵ
Ҳ˵ˣֻǼ硣
յ𰸣гŵô
Ͼ̯Ƶȴš
ԥ
ȷͬһʻһͣҲõĽ
ˣЩ˼
ڰϣںơ
һҧȥ
ֻһ㡣
ȴĻС
·§
ãʵڶˡ
֪ԼҲʡ
ҪһҪΪѣô죿
ҲŻֻʣһͣȡĺС
С
ڴ
ҲҲĺСء
ǡŶ
Ԫ˧Ԫ˧һ̼ȻʤˣΪʲôΪʲôһսУ
۰ͰͿ࣬ȴһ𰸡
ս޲ʤսһҲûаܣȴȵƴ˰̣ڰսĵλ
§
ΪС
ĳȵס
Ȼ
ôԪ˧ֵǧȴֵСˡ
ҪԪ˧֪սΪƴȴСıλΪЧԪ˧лǺεȵѹ
Ԫ˧սʮһ͸Ԫ˧սʮͻþСһ·Ԫ˧öʵ
ĻСĺ󱳣ֻ̫ˣͷԵľɱ֮

һΣ˳ͷԣǧУ
Ϊ¹һڱ֣ıԪ˧
ĴʣֻĴʣȵۡ
Ƥˣŷ߷ͣ¡
ƽ飬ֻྲȴ
ʧ̬ˡǼ⣬֪ȵۣҲĸס
ȵۣ㶼ˡ̫ˡ

ţͷԣһˡ˾䣬Ȼļ米ǲ񫣬
ȴҡҡͷ
ֺηԪ˧Ҳز
һȥ
żҵŮԪ˧ǡ׸
ֻҪôһ룬оƵô
𣿡
Ĭҡҡͷ
ûˡ
ʲô
ȡҵĳͿɺãʡ
ǿ
ã˵
Ҽϣ޵ĻͿ޳
޵ġ
Ļ䣬Ȧͷ˺졣
ԭԭôܡ
ǿҡҡͷ
Ҳޡ
ȴؽͷԼĻС
޳
ͷļϣҲͣứ¡
ףӢ˺
ĺѽ
Ҳˡ
лҪ˵Ϊԭ򣬸³ٵˡ

 85 

ż, Ԫ˧, ˶, һЩģԪ˧ķṦΰġ
ֻҪҪռ, ʲôϢռĵ
֪ЩֻôҲûа취ȥռ
ڲ֪ʱҲ˵żҵ飬Ϊ˸֪֮̾ȴʲôˡ
ˡ
ڴߴŷ磬綶һϣϾ˵ˣŮٸһȹ, ˹Ŀ
˷Űɡ
᲻
죬ﶼûʲôҲҸԼĿʱ, ֻҪһЩ, ܻ뵽һЩ
ɫŮл˵
Ҳ
Щ
Ůٺ, ڴЩͱӡ
˱, ˵ġ
ͲҪӵ顣ǺӣһˣܲΪ˴ﵽĿ, һӰɡ
ÿŮˡ
ĴھΪ˸һӡ
ȷѣȰ, Ȼ¡
ɥ죬ԼǰúõҲôȥɲá
ǿдȥʰһЩ˽
ΣҪȥ
常ȻڣǻĸʱҲ곤꣬ӡġ
ԺǲǾˣ
ǻ֪żңʲôء
ҲЩ̲סÿȥСȥ⼸żҵĶ
żһ᲻֪˰
żҵ
ʵиĵģ᲻žֻϴˡһɰˡȥֲ֮ǣø
Ҳ֪ôˣ̫ûʧˡ
СѦǱߴϢǿ졣̽һܿͽżҵдɲᣬԪ
ʱӵСӣ˲ţһĿʮп÷ɿ졣
վֻȥ˶̶ʱ䣬˵ȴǹȥá
ѦĴ̽ȫ
ʼǹĬʦġ
ߺžƺԷ̸ʲôֻѦ˲ܴ̽ʲôΨ˹ĬʦһЩϢ
ǵã˵Ĭʦ֮ǰЩųնиȥǸӣ˾¡
ˣŷˡ
֮ŷ˵ܵܵݣãֱԪ˧ŷ˳¡
Ĭ˵ҲԪ˧ŷ˵ĵܵܣôݣҲǳˣ
̵һҳ뵽һ죬ñºĬ̬ȡ
ʱƾòϳ˭
֪˭ЩҪ
ĬĬһҳˡ
ȻͷβϲĬǸˡ
ƽ飬ŷһҳȥ
żҵ顣
濴š
ǰż̫̫˻ŮƼʮ˼ס
⼸ڣˣżҲ࿴
ҪƼ˵
δ⣬˹ȥһҳ
żҶЯżǰһס죬δҡ
һҳ
žǰ̸
һҳ
ûˡ
̶̼ҳݣż⼸ȫĶˡ
˵Ǻƽͬȷǲ̫ͬ˵ʲô⣬ϸֻЩ£ʲôͬ
Ұġ
ȴ֪ʰװҪʲôֻԽһЩСʰˣ˲ʱСʵ˽ūʰʲô㣿
űǣ㣬ǴӾлȥѰϿ·ϴԼҪһµʱ䣬ȻصѰϿ඼ˡ
⣬ʱˣȥϲϹġ
и뵽£뵽Ĭ˵Ļ
һ
꣬Ҳûȥ  ʲôʱȥȽϺã
ǹ£йĬ˵ĻҲҪ֪ġ
ȥʸףںֲڵġ
ţôַԸһ䣬ȥŮл
ԴӽϵУţŮбкϵķʽ
ֱͨϵ֣ͺðˡ
ǰıǿõİ衣
ٻǶ
Ů٣ҲûڵŹأÿ
ū澼ˡ
ŮٻһĵҲδŵȺʻ
߳࣬棬ڵ˵κϸ΢顣
Щڡ
﹬Ů˳ֻ˵
ҽл㡣
ֱ룺֮䣬ʲôϵ
Ůٴˣū澲Ǹģϵ
Щʧ³ɣθ֣
Ů̧ͷϸĶӡ
ƺδС
⻰Щֻתһ룬Ůһֱִ£ǲֵָӣ
Ϊʲô
ֻв³ɣʵ벻ͨԾ˳˼·ȥƭŮ٣أ
Ů٣֪ū澿ɷΪ
ɲҡ˵ɣߣֻҽΪ
ֻ׷ʣˣϵ֣
ŮԥƬ̣ūԵϵСү
ôϵҲߣֱ˵Ҳ˽Ҫ֣ܾ㡣
Ůθԥˡ
Ҫ˽£Ժգūػ
⻰ƺһ뷨
ȥɡ
ŮǰŸߣÿѦ
Ѧ󹬣ֻźĶǰ¥
Ѧ֪Ǳҵģʲô߸°ɡ
ѦЦ²ǵ˰Σ
޹ذΣ飬ͲҪ߱ˣȡһݸѦţ͸Ÿž͡
ѦͷƤˡ
ˣⲻϹء
˽ܣ֣ҪҪˣ
㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪أȫ֪ԼһǽͷӵģȰѦֻǰһŰˡûԵʲô
˼ȥʱ˲֪ݵı⣬ھΨһõסˣҲֻžˡ
ѦЦЦ
ŷУһ
﹬ĳţ˽ţ
Ѧزҿ
ǡ¾ȥ
ģЦۣлѦ
̫ˡ
һ¾Ͳ֪žϵ
һסˡ
һӺűİͷ
С±˿ϻר˻ᡣ
ҪԼֳϵˣ
ಢδ룬ҲѦսսģ֪ˣöֻŸѦ
ţͺúøȥԵĶ£һŲ
ڵеѦӹţͷˮ˳
⡭һĻûУ
İᳯҲܣ
Ѧ롣
⻹ǡӵ˲һζ
ͳţܷú죬ȴ

ʮ

 86 

, 硣
ѩˡ
ŵһ÷, ѩ, ѹ֦ͷ
ڹŮȥһ÷ƿ͵İ, һ÷ĵǳǳ
÷㣬дʲô
ѦǰŸžȥҲ˻š
žյϢȷŮٺ󣬱ʾ취ŮǶõһʽȥ԰ꡣ
һϵֵĻǱﻹż, һԺʸˡ
зſ˲٣£ʱҪֵһЩ顣
, һЩ, 벻ͨĹؽڡ
, ̫ǰ
Ůͨʱ, ʼһ٣Щ졣
˵ԴӳǼº̫мʵ, ֪ȥ̫
û뵽̫Ȼˡ
롣
ǳأ˱, ȥ
ʱã̫֮ǰƺ޲ͬϴźƵЦ⣬֣̾Щûɫ࣬Ҳһء
Щڡ
ǰ̫ôѾϰ˵á
ֻϴȪϳʱôһ¡֪ģ̫Ҳ֪鲢гıġ
˵̫˵ҲŪôϲεġ
Ȫϳȥ̫Ȼǲܵģ˵Щʲô֡
ȥЩӣмֻûУһǹ飬ס̫̬ȡ
̫룬ѩӣҲ֪ʲô̫רһ
̫ЦҲʲô£һǰЩȥʡ·չ㸮
һ⡣
ǲزס£סԼҪ̧ͷĳ嶯˼ȥֻһֵķӦ
ף
̫δʲô
·չ㸮ʱ֪е˳չ㸮˼нЩŻʹЩŰݷá
΢١
⡭
̫ǲ֪չ㸮ǸСҵŮˣ
ʵҲ޷
ȰԼ侲
Ǵ⣬Ҫͱ˵ġ
̫Ǹ˱£Ҳûʲô
飬̧ЦȻôɣ
ɲǣҲôɣء
̫Цҵˣ֪ڹйòҲģлǱֺר̸˴
ⲻյҿʱ̫˲űºˣԾͽո
̫ߵŮٵһСӡ
ǧһ»˼лǵ˵ģװʲô
Щ֡
չ㸮ǻ˼ңǱִˣҲҪʲôɡ
ţСӡ
ŵģһ¾ɵĲ˹ġ
һС꺢Ӳġ
ף
Ų˹ЩԾ̧ͷԺؿ̫⣿
̫һֱڴ״̽ʣŲ𣿡
ʵʵش𣺡졣
СʱûôС
˹ģôġ
̫𰸣Цȴ˽
ԭˡұ࣬һʱװˣĶ
̫ŮջغӣǸЦûã˰׸һ
رãȻؿǱջȥСӡ
Ŷ
̫ڸ
ǲ֪ҵʲô
˰׸һˣҵĴҸ񡣡
ָ̫Ůٱ˸ơ
Ůϥ˳ȥûһŮ
ŮУֱһݸź̡
ҲûԵʲôЩ˵ʺŮҵ鱦ʱûдĻᣬͣҲôˡ
̫ЦЩɬҵ빬˶ȫ͸ˣ񡣡
Щ졣
̫Σ̫ҴѾǺˡôܹ̫ء
Լ˵ţҲŲΪ
̫Ū˻ô£ֱӾô鱦ܾţƺô򵥡
ôƴǣ̫ǿӲһ¡
⹬˵󣬿˵ҲˣŮСҾ͵һŮչˣƴǣͷǵܡ
챿˵̫ߣЩҲδƴȥ
̵鱦ȫǾƷ
ôܾܵġ
̫˵ûЩԼôܵȫˡ
ͷˡ
ˡ
˹Ůʰˣǣʵ˲÷ģ̫񣬵ȷ񡣡
⣺ôСһ¡
̫ģ¡
͵˿ɻǵãȪϳͳܰǼ£
ס
ǵÿء
¼ҹȪϳڶ뿪˹
̫ȪϳһŮǲΪĽôܡ£ӹвִ뿪˶²ǲǵ˱£ʧ˵ġ
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ϸϸйϵ£˵ǽ˵ˡ̫Ǽٽͷ泤ġ

Ŀһֵơ
ֱ˵
ˣ̫̫Ҳǳֻǲֱ˵ġ˵̫յĻ˵ޣҲԺ󳤹飬ܻҪ˵ġ
ҡ֡
ˣ̳ԼɡҲκˡ
úõĴӦ˰һŤͷ
Ȫϳ˴򽻵ˡ

ƽ׵̫Ҳţֱȥ߸¡
мǾµģ̫Ķ
Ǳߺܿ˹ػ
˵̫ʲôţùܡ
Ȼˣȫˡ
СⷿҪˡ
ҪһѵУҲһЩůţ໹ţûá
ЩҪʱż֪ⷿˡ
ˣü¼˲ӣȫˡ
Ժ󽻸µʱҲɴࡣ
մ˽ѩصУֻѾˡ
£
Щ㵡
ʱȻԪˣ
ģƺҲһˡ
Ű齣һСڿ
֡

ֱӽСӵ˹
Լѡѡϲġ
⣬ӹСӿ˿ȫһЩġ
ʲôиŵһЩɽ
ΨһģƺھԶ
ʲô
СӶˣҲ
ֻѡϲģǡ
ָָϲȦ
˸ƣڹŮѸȥȡһմīı
˱ʣҲͷˮ
£Ҫʲôɡ
ãȻȦ˼̧ͷࡣ
ಢδش𣬶ǴֻҪǿϵģȦ˾ǡ
ţֻܴҴҷۣ˳ź۵ĵȦ
һȦɲ١
ҳĲȦʮȦ
ʵȦˣࡣ
£Ȧˡ
ʣڿԸңʲô˰ɣ
ȻһСӣȦôĺȦܸиԭġ
ķء
˵
ءأ
ˡ
¸ʳأھǣ
СӹС°͡
˷أھв޸޻κζҪе
˭ǰѹȥ
ʣ񣬿ɻ⣿

 87 

ء
ɲһС顣
Թֻй׿Խ֮˲ܵõķ, ˷, ϾͿжϵ׿Խ
ֻһ, õ˷ء֮ûڹУǹ, зأҲǾȨĶ
̫ˡ
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£ĺܺá
ʲôʲôΪá
ıΡ
ȴǱĿߵġ
¡
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ƭ㣬᲻ᡭջضҵĺã
ʳԼо͸˴𰸡
Ȼġ
˭ƭˣԶԷô, ȴ֪һƭ֣˵ġ
ջضĺȻص, ͷҲӦõġ
Ǳһֱϰ, ջ˶ĺ, ô죿
ྲ
С, 飬˵
ҲûбҪŻ
ᡣ
ȷᡣ
֪Сʲô, ʲôȻͷ
ôһ˵и
̫ˡ
ôˡ
Ҫʵʵ˵, ۷ʲôӦóеġ
ﻹһŸתġ
ⶺҵ֪żҹϵѾ׽
εصͷ
ҡ
ھ̹
Сﻹǲ಻žʹ
˵ǽʵʵļӣԪ
ô֪࣬ʲôʽͽġ
ÿһӴ涼Ǻ鱦Ρ
ôһԪڵȶθˡ
Ǹֱʡ
ˡ
ЩȥյҲֻб͵ܱ⡣
ȻôľƷ鱦
⣬һͨҵļҵӣܶûôɡ
ζӳ¡
żĶ̫̫أЩǸżŮġ
żϷˣˣǶ֪
յҪȥ

żͦģضĺö
࿴۾ȷżİͼҵ׵ĺöԼŮˡ
˵գȤҴ빬ֻר͸Ҽҵ׵ġ
Ȥˡ
̧ΣҲ롭
䲻룬Ǻǣһ·˶ڸͼҵӡ
ͨݸ𣬸˼Ҹ͵һСⷿ
ڿżģҪһⷿС
ȻŲ¡
Щⷿ˵һ主ɵйЩԶ˵ǮãȴһҲ
ƾһҹ
ѣҴȥ档
һ仰۾һ
ȥ棿
ҹУȥ𣿡
һ˵ҹУʵʵͷ룡
û뵽ǶҹУȤ
һ˷ܣܵ˾ĵطĲͬ
ಢûиգһ㶼ûҹеġһǰԸȥһ쿪׼ҹС
˺ڰȹΧһȦë죬ֹźĶ񣬴úʵӽѩﶼš
ͬһ£ֻϵɫĹС
ӹһ·ִн֣ոջƻ룬¥ҹƣнڿ˸ֲ̯ͬλŮһûˣ
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͹ŮǸţȺ֮С
ÿֵļᣬҲǸ̻Ĵӡ
Ƕգٸ˰˹ڽֵȹڣһĽð
Ʈڽֵϣ˷
Ҳ⡣
ضǽֱ߸˵̯λ˴ӹװ룬ȵʣǽӰɣ
ʱÿĶգһ㶼Ӻͳඹֻ࣬˵ϰǳԽӣȴûĳԹء
ڣǰʮҵĽӣиһԿ˸ҲͬĽӡ
ֱǣ֣һС̯¡
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һΣĿࡣ
ɲǰ֡
ǡҲһȷĽķʽֻɵЦŷϡ
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δ򣿡
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Ȼ֭
ֺóԡ
ϷСһμſͷԵ档
Ըʱֶӡ
ԣ
ӹĹģ˵롣
ǲͬڵģһһԡ
ͬڵģҲһ롣
Ȥһҧȥǲͬζ
رȤǣڶǰӵƤַ֭ζҶиҵζһӳԳ˰ټζ
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Ե̫ˡ
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С飬ʳܼȡ̫٣ò˴ǿеģֻ߲֣Ҫе⣬һ㡣
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߬ӣһ·һ·Դᡣ
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װΣգգҿ
˺ܶ࣬ǰ̯СԵģвٸַƤݵģֹľģдģġ
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Ŀת΢΢죬һ߾һ̾
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£һֲ
žͳĬƬ̡
֪ĸʮǰիһ£ϲԱŮƽƽ
͵̧ͷ
ʱƼѾˣĸкƼƼƼҲûһŮ
žͷ
£ĸ֪ˣκ˶ˡ
ŵܵԸΪ
һֱĹ
лҪ˵״̬ܲãдͺQAQ

 88 

ůء
żҰ
Ŀ
, Ҳû˼ˣ顣
, ǻȥɡ
ֻ˵, ˡ
ȴ۵Щ, ûжʲôʰ˻ع
һ棬ȥʱȻصԪҹˡ
ɻԵ£
ʵ
еĹŮѾȥ̣ԡطˮˡ
Ѿ߸
ԣ̧ͷʲôҪԵģ
˴СĶͷ
ղһ, ˵ȥ
Ŷ
ȴԼӡ
Щ𾪣, Ͱͣ¡Ҫ
½
⡭ҪǳԵ˱ĳ, ľҪפˣ
ǲ, ֻʹŵ, С֡
Сﲢδ׼̫ĶҲ̫ѡȡ˼, ۾һ顣
£ܲ
ܲҲúҲãǲ, СˣЩΪͷˡ
˳ӵķ˴ܲѡһ
죬ˣҲ°ɡ
ҪϴҪȥƤҪҪһ򣬲̫Ϥ˶ãԳһϲͨıˡ
Ҽ㾭áüҲںѡ
ҲѣŬί˵ֻ¾ˡ
ࣺ
аɡ
ȷó飬ֻСָ㣬ӲƷѡֵİײˡ
һ£ȫûиָ࣬ԼѡˣѾĬĬˡ
Ų˵ѵؽײгС
Сһ״졣
۾ջߣĬĬοԼ
ΪֳֵѾܺˣҪҪ䣡
ϸֳֺܿ죬ȫˣٻͷ໹ڶιӷ
£
Ƴ۰塣
ãײ˳ɹײˡ
ˣġ
һȻ󵭶Ľײ˵С
ȵȣûеͣ
ˣæײȫŪ˳
һѾ˽ɫ
ࣺˡ
ĿͷҲ̧ĬĬѻСһЩ
ͣײˣȷûκˣŽݸ¡

ŹԶԡ
ѵĳˡ
Ѿȵһ
С룬һһݡ
ϸһİײˡ
򵥵κͨ˼ҶԵġ
ʱˣҲٻصţԾСΧ¯ԡ
һڡ
ʵζ
ԵĲ˵Ǳ֡Զֵģ⣬ˡ
һ볤¶ǣĳԳˡ
عһ죬ڳԳԺȺȡ
ĽӣֱߵСԣžǻĳ档
ô˯
ʮ㣬ִϺѣͥʳ
Ȼ
ҹ﹬ǶǲɢȥֻƵĿʹ̡
ʹһǰһҲԶ֤ǵĶԻ
ҹ磬ջа£յ֦ͷһƬҶ
չһ
ˡ
¡
Ųվȣתǰ
лҪ˵
üȴ˵ʲôֻֻ̧˴̺Ϳࡣ
Ϸյơ
ܱһƬ
ؿڣֻŽŵ඼Ҫˡ
˵Ӧһ¡
ף¡뵽ҪҴӦʲôˣ
뵽ˡʵʵͷһֱ룬¿Ҳֻʱ򣬲ñ´Ӧˡ
ǣ֣ߵ¡
㻹ҹҡβͣڱĳˮﵴȥ
Ĭһ̧ͷͰ͵£ңƭ㡣
൹û뵽Ȼʱϡ
ƭʲôţ°ͣ۸ͷβʵ
汻ŵˡ
Ҳԥˣֱ˵Ҫһ㡣
Ҳչ㸮ģѰϿʿ
ġ
ϸ
˵඼Ҫˣŵضࡣ
ౣһ
뵽ʲô˵ʲô㣬ȴǰԼһ㲻ʣֻż¡
Ͼżҵ飬ԼڶǺͿģ˵Ҳֱ˵
ҸڱµߣΪһ¡
˵ҪӦҵ飬£֣ڵú̸һ¹ڳ顣
һ棺常ѰϿ꣬еѪάһǳǵĴ̫ˡ
´Ӧ󡣡
꣬ѵǹ
ȴЩ
ȷеѪ
˿
ѽԻºֺú˵˵
ҵȷú˵˵ζǳֻǡ
ϡͿأȴֻ֪һ㣬ûΪ
£㲻𣿡С˵˱ôá
롣
϶Ҫġ

Ҫôɣ
˵ҵߣֻΪһ£
ı鲻̫á
С°ͣ仰νͣ
ãȻطʣôôͣ
ֻΪ飬֮⣬ûбˣ
룬
粻ǵʱóҲҿ벽
Ͼʱı˵Уͻ
׳ŵӵ˵ͷ
ˡ
أ
ڣ
룬ȷֻһǱԸ˵ġȻҪġ
ڵĻ¶ˣûбʲôˡ
ҡҡͷûС
̧°ͣСתȴãȻˡ
Ǿʹ룬úһ룬㻹Ҫʲô
ǳͷ𣿡Сʡ
ԣǳͷ
ԥˡ
ǡ
̧࣬Щ֪ôڡ
ǡѾˣҡ
Ҹˡ
лҪ˵ˣ
һ֣

 89 

Ҫߡ
ྲǰС
һãȻ, ƺ˵ʲô˵顣
ƽʣҪߣ
֪Ϊ, һ
ǿ, ʮֵĵȻء
ɡ
ʵʵ˵Ϊ˴ҪΪ֮¡Ķ, Ҳʱؼȥˡ
ؼҡ
Ц
ǵһμЦôôɱ¶
ԼݴһһѾһĨЦ
ҵʲôˣ
֡׼ͷԣȻǵѽ
֮˼˾俬ģ
Ĵ
, ʲô
䣬˵Ǳµĳ񣡡
Ҳ̫׼ȷ뵽ԼǱĺСһ䣺ҲǱµġˣ
, ˣһ˵ûУ
뵽, ֻ, С﻽, ֮һֱǺ£ӣҲûԽ벽
, ˵ûл顣
СУ֮, ֻǾϵ
ܺá
Цˡ
Դǣδ֮Ĺϵ˵䣬Ҳ֪Сⷽ˵ôҲû뵽С
ֻ֮ʡ
ˣ͵չ㸮ͨݸģ
ͷ
ǵġֻչ㸮δֻ·ֱӾ͵ͨݸ
شֻ˵㲹ױɻǵã
ױ
˰죬뵽֮ǰˡ
ͨݸʱǽԳǸױ
ûгޣ鶼ûУױء
֮󱩾˵ױ˾жٸ١
ЩΣͲˣ¡
֮ܲǰҪһѰɡ
οױ
Ҫġ޴Ӧ㣬ͻ
ζ޴ӦһһҪ֡ߣȹ꣬޸֮ȥ
жôԣΪС£÷ġ
ģ飬С¡
˵
ʱȥɾͲһ˵ˡ
û˼ʵʵжһ
ûйûгͷҲûΪκβ
¶ĺܺúܺˣ
͵͵С뿪¹꣡
˼ˡ
״װˣµʱ䣬ܸ¶һЩ
ʮ˵ȫµһʼ
һжôã֮ǰôҲ벻ô˳
գǶء
磬Լ˷磬ȥŮ٣Ѿˣȥֻػ
ɴۣѹֲסϲá
ϲԸ
룬Ը
ⲢԸѽ
Ӧ˵ǣԸ
ǰеĴʯͷˡ
һֱǴĿģʲôˣ˶һء
Цеأҽչҩһں¡
ҽǰ뿪Ԫžȥ
¡
ҽڵУߵ׺˵Ѿ˰˵ô࣬ڶѻľɲҲγ߰˳ɣת󡣡
ڳ󣬰϶ŵĶҽ¼
ӵһԪյж¼ڰ
ÿһε״õҩȫ
෭ȷСﾭ˴ĵʱڵնòˡ
ܺãº͵ҩҪ
ҽߵףǣһ߾ȫ
˵ҽʾ˾䣺ʵ壬Ѿָһãкúõá
һ
֪ˡ
ӡ
СԼǺأ˵óҪߵֻӣ̫Ϊ
ȷĶ
*
ʱͥĹŮǶڴɨŴ򿪣ĳҲɨĹǡ
Ŷ̤ţƿһĻѡ
̫ܿ٣˵ǻѣҲлĲֻ࣬ʣֻҶ
ֻҶϰž
һЩ档
Σ
ͬĿˣԪ֮ǧڡΪرµǧж׼
ǧڡ
Ԫա
µ˵һԪ֮ա
֪ٵӣȴù¶
Ҳøһݺġ
ѵǰŹ棬ǧʱҲ磬Ҹϯڼ񡣡
Դûй뷨
µѾˣ͵ҲѾȥԪ֮գ˵ûκ塣
ţһȥŰ졣
ⷿлôʯѡϵȵůһڼ͸¡
ʱڳֵҲ
ֻһ£ж̶̼Ԫ֮ˣſʼҴ׼Ҳ֪ü
⻰ʳȴЦˣȴ±ǰ¿ʼ׼ġеִĺٰ졣ȥ𣬹ʱƹ̫
̫֮ǰƴãҪƹܣֳȪϳ£̫һֱƲǰղŽ׼µġ
ЩͿ
ִ£ȴһ̫ˡ
Щ֡
и֪ǰ׼𣿡
ˣи˾ְûһͳ˧ߣĶɢģ
ˣ˸ģĸ
ֻһģԼոʲô
ҲΣȻ̫ѾٰˣǾֻܼȥˡ
̶̼Ԫ⼸ڣæһţ̫ǣæ
ԵҲͷ㣬ֻǱµǧڣã̫Щ㲣ЦŶ˵ƫǰЩӲˣϵӾЩ
ҲûһܰĵˡȪϳ磬ĸ֪ôٳ֡ƫǰЩӷ˺Ϳֵǧ
ţһ뷨
ѵ̫Ȫϳ
ûнӻؿ̫
̫Ц΢Щ
ŮҵծĲҰġ̫˵ȥŮ۸ŮߵѾ檣ǺݺݴȪϵ
ͬص˵ͷʵ̫ˡ
̫˰죬ûȵһ䡣
̫ߣ̽˵볤ҪĹȣǡ
̫һȰġ
Ǿͺ޹ˡ
һ㶼ȪϳйصˣֱӲ⣺̫Щˣһȥʱ£пʲôϹˣ̫æ
̫ȴҡͷˣһʲô⣬ҿɵ𡣡
һ̫˵ǱΨһޣΪµͣҲ˵Ĳ²ŶԡҰˣɿء
ԣҲԥ¡
Ҳ֪ôûø̫֣ǲֵĺá
⻰˵ģֻҪģ¶ģù͵㣬Ұæɺã
̫Ц
ţȻԪ֮ղǱµҲǵǼڲҲҪúòٰġ
áӦˡ

 90 

Ҫ鲻ࡣ
̫˶һ, 쵼¹˽ϯİá
̫Ц˵Ǹ, , Щ¶Ҫ˲ĵġ
ֻЦ˵
ֲܸ߸̫ͻؼ, ¶ֲ֡
һκļ粻ͬ
ңٹ٣سЯҾһҪŵĵطܶࡣ
˺ö飬ûаĳ佫геϵҲǰڡ
Ϥһż, һҦ̫ңһˡ
ҺͳҪֿ, Ҳа, аƷ, Ȼôۡ
, ֻܽ˿ࡣ
ſЩϤ̷˳һһ˽
ȥ, ž¹ϵ׽ģ¹ϵ׽ġƷߵǲӵģ΢ĩСٵǺġ
Ƶļ, Ϥ˵ȷҪΪѻ
룬ò̫רΪѵİɣ
תһ벻԰̫֮䣬һȪϳ⣬Ҳ¡
ο⻹Ǳϵ̫ص
⼸գԪӼ˲ٵĹиŮ١
ŮǺͻ³Ǹ˾ְиרƣȫӵȣ
ʣʱ䲢࣬Ůһһ˶Ժȷ˾ްϣԪյ峿
Ҳ˯һ¶Ͱ첻ã¶ˡ
ŹǷʵ룬˯˰ʱ
ˣ˿ѡ
ڲСţ̫ˡ
Ƥ
ҹ˯Ŷ룬⼸æµĹпɻʲô©ֻǶű²˵Ϊļæµ
ֻ۵ҹ
˯˰ʱֱˡ
̫ôˣ
̫õȣֻ˼磬ͷ
̫
ˣŪ˸©
̫һһǰ̾
ù㵽׾ǳôܽҦżҰͬϯأ
Ҧżң
£Ҧ׸żһԪ˧δջصͷĳ佫ߣλͬϯ޲װ
ʲôף
ʡ
ȻǴĲף
̫
̫Ÿ͡
㲻Ǿʿ빬ʱֶ̣ǲ֪żҺҦңЩǽġ
Ծѡ

żһңҦҵ̫ôһзǵʹ˵ĳ佫ͣӦõģôء
ѵȵǸӵģʲô
Ȼ֪
̫̾˿˵֮ͨõĹϵƫƫǵ£ôҦҺżңͲˡ
ʵҲûʲôˣ̫ʹˣϷҲλһߣԺżҺҦңҲûǣˡ
Խô˵Խ棬̲סʣô£
̫˵Ҧҽ㣬޸˵ʱżҵҲǺԪ˧
ͫһ
Ԫ˧ӡ
ҦҵĹҦ̫Ů
ġĸס
Ҧҹ
̫Ǹʮ븸ʹϻ۲¸ҵŮӣ
գգۣͷȥ
ԭôô磬Ѿ˵ĸ׵Ĺȥ
ȴ֪ء
ͷ̫δı顣
Ҳ˵ǣЩࡣ
̫̾
ԴҦԪ˧ȥҦϷ˾һֱúã޵۾Ҫˣƫʱȵۻ˵һЩԽܵĻżҦң
뵽֣ǲӦŮ˿̫ЦɱҶ£Ǹµϯǳ˲ӣɶҪš
ҡҡͷ
̫ˣûá
̫۲飬Щ䣬̽ŴȤҲҰһæҿҪҪлġ
˵̫ңӦõġͷֲ̫һ顣
Ӧõġ
̫Ҵһðѩֺ䣬Щȥ
Ƕ㲻еĻæء
̫ˡ
̫뿪Ҳ˯ˡ
ſױ̨ǰ̾˿
ң̫֪ôһϢ뵽˫Ҧͬսȴȵ۵ı£ʧŷˡ
ĸס
ˣ
뿤ڲźţ˳
߽˲ŷ֣ſױ̨ϣѾ޳
æȥοⲻ˵Ĵ˳ֹ£Ϥż©ġҪ˵Ҳū澵Ĵūûˣūʧְ
˵գ࣬Ȱţܣֻܷū澾ǡǿ۾ǧϣû˿ȥ
޵ܣ㣬ҳȥҿ޹ǡ
ʹʹһ
ʱۺǡ
ûˣķſʹ޳
һθ׵飬бµĻֻԼ˫磬޵òԼ
˵ģվǴˡ
ȵ۵Ĳ¼ɣͲЩһ顣
Ԫ˧ףҦĸףǻҸˣΪһıС֮¡
Ҳڸĸϥ³ɳһֳ۰
ֻǸĸ谮Ů
ſţļϱġ
ɵһ˿ġ
ϢҴҸϵĶ񻹴ѩҲ˲ůֱ֣ӰСᱧ
౧ڰϣ˵ĺ󱳡
жѹ£ܿ޳
ĻУȴҲһ˵ɡ
Ϊĸףǣ²֪
ҰŴλżҦҲͬϯˡ
һ
ΪС£Ҳֵһ
Σֻú˵
̫˵ʱҲ֪ҦҹԪ˧ˡ̫ἰŷ˹Щ˻
ĿС
Ϊֻȴ͸ġ
ܲޣһŷ˹ȥҵɺã
һ١
ãȻ̧ͷŷ˻иµ
ĬƬ̣Ȼͷɡ
ǰǶʮǰһǸӵʱˡ
ŷƣ빬̵һЩ֪ʶ˵Ҳɺʦ
һΣŷ˵ҪһŮ˶ã
Ѿͣ˿ޣࡣ
͸Ȼأ
Ȼأ
治ɫ۸ŷ˵ԭ
ȢŮһá
лҪ˵ŷˣƭӣŮ

 91 

ޱ𾪡
ĸô˵
ûгʱ, Ͱ˱£
, ɰ
˵Ҳܺ, 治ɫϹ˵ŷ˵ŮżΨһŮ, Ԫ˧游̫ŹݺܺáҵʱֻһӵĻӣȢŹ˵ֱӳ븮ȥŹ׸
˵һһ˵ǶֻҪľͺá
, йһ¡
ûж˳˳żҳ˵, ʮ꼰֮, Ҫ޸£
, ǱҪ׸
, ôأ¶Ǳˣ϶׸ѽҪµĻˡ
ǡĻ, ᲻磬ʶ˱£
Сʱʱ
ôһ, ؾĸ׵궨±£ƺҲûʲôԵġ
һ£뵽ʲô
⡭ôое㲻̫ԣ
ϳ¹ӣĳƣǸ
ʱ¹Ӳǻ˵δ
żܲһŮºͳ¹֮䣬ֻһδŶԡ
̲ס˵ô˵żҵŮδ򲢲Ǳ£
³
ЩӣŶҵ֪㻹Щ
ԵҲͰˣδ˭СǷʰ
Ѿǲˣʵʵ˵СϹ
֪ôݣ͹۵˵ϹŹδ򡣡
Ŷ
ۡ
ˡ
֪ˣ
СõܼС֪ʱ
һ
ɻؿࡣ
ôǺȻ·ѩµ˿һ۶﷢أ
˵ˡɣ
ȵȣ᲻ǳ¹˵أ
ΪһϤ˻˵ѣο¹ڸŹƣҳ¹ž͹ϵܺá
˵ѡ
Ϊʲô˵ѣ
ȢżҵĹ
ôҲ벻ͨ⡣
㿴ǲҸʺŹδ򣿡
⻰
ӣ벻ͨΪʲôҪŹδΪԪ˧ŷˣҦ̫ƣ
Ҿšҡҡλ˰죬ջǱµķأ¸ʺϡ
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ΣСϸôãȢޣӿ϶Ǹõġôŷ˵ŵŹһ
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Ȼ㶼ô˵ˡ
ȥżϹδ򣬻Ҫһˡ
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Ȼ˵ҲҪŷ˸µģǱµģֻǡֻеĺ档
δıĸףδǰͱ֮Ľ
ྲ
ѾЩģˡ
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뾩ǰ˰塣
ŵպȻڷ֮ʣŵܱӻҶҶбӻǾŵܱӻҼСŮһҷ򸾶Ծŵ¸м
ʱ֪Ϊŷ˵ֻ
Ҳӻˡ
ԶΪΪŷ˵ʩĺӡ
ֻӻӻ֮ˡ˵ĺӣԼӻ
ŷƺЦˣΡ
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Ǹϣֶûмסĺӣʮ󣬻ǵ
ûдӦŷˣȴ˳Լ⡣
ν˱ӻԼĻС
塣
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ǸֻǵãΪŷ˵ĶӵҲģʼⷿᵽǸⷿʮδա
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ĺ׿塣
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ǲ鷳ˡ
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ŶͷС΢˵ƣ΢΢һ˿Ц⡣
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С꣬ٻһƥĳ͸ˡ
š
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меһЩС©ȫ̫ɣûʲôϵĲ
ǹλòðţΪܲ˱ֻϯϯǸ⡣
ԼλðһС󷽣ֱ̫ӵϷࡣ
µλ
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ӭ¡
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ɨĿ⻹̲סžǶͣ
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Ŀԣ¶һЦ
žջߺȴݺ˾Ʊ
õ۾ǿ޹ĺס
´ЦҲһۿ֮ǰܲģá
ڱ࣬һĥ
룬ýӳźá
ֿҦ̫
˶Ҧ̫򲡸١Ϣһµʱ䣬Ҧ̫ӹǻԣҲпɡҦϷŲ̫ãǶʲôȫСѡ
̲סˡ
ԭ游ĸ
Ȼ游
ĸ۾
Ҽˣջ߽䡣
Լ̲סʧ̬
ƽ飬ٴ¿ȥ
һȪϳ
ԻݳֵĳȴֻһֵĽߣѻ
ջߣ࿴һۡ
೯಻ʶҲǸͥңңٱ
ֱƿߡ
һָ󣬳Ƿ׷׿ʼ
۽硣
ʲô޴ԭʯ̵Ĺ̩񰲣ʲôһɿ˫壬ԽϡԽֹյģԽǶࡣ
ǵĴʶŻϵعף
ţżĿ䵽ϡ
һƽֳŶͷֻžƱżĿһۡ
Ϸһ裬Ź򣬵֪ñϡģʲôĺ
£ǰżȻһȻɽ˻棬˾ɫݡɽ֮˼ÿͣʱ͸һŻ֣ó£ʮٿ
һֵһĳĳڵϣԼιȥ
ź棬ʲôɽ˾ɫӣѵǸµ
˵ͦвͬġ
ֻ̧ȥŶ
ȴҲһ˿ˡ
ĳӳѿһ˻˻ܣֱҹ賿콵˻˲仯ΣһɫŮ
˵գ֡
Ⱥ̧һľ
ľɴǣϡɼһΡ
Ծ˲ֻľ
˵ȴһ껨һˣ
֮£
δ
Ҫһ۸ˣ
Ŀ⾼Ǹɴľ
ĳƿɴľ
ˣɡ
ľвŵģǸűɴŮ
Ů޽һòҲ㣬Ȼ
˫۾ʮֵͯɾ
Ů뿪ľŷδЬ࣬һ˫ССĽšŲڴϣͷࡣ
˰죬Ȼӡ
Ůϣһɻ㡣
ֻ⻨ζôЩ֣
Щ⡣
ȴŮǰߵ̨»£ͷ˵ݼ
ĳ֣˵䱦˽أ˾ǳ׸µĺ񡣡
飿
̾ѣȻло飬ȷ£
ࡣ
֪ǲñ⡣
Ƴ۵ſŵ˳Ůǹ
飿
ĳ£ޱĿɽͣΨл飬ϴŮ
£ûڱ߷̣ףº鸣졣
飿
Ȼ뵽Ụ̊ǲ˵ҲҪԹ壿
Ȼǻ飬ҲֻһŮģ
ָо֡
ü
ûɻء
ĵȻǻ飬Ǿȡɻǻÿ˸
һϯŮŵû
ĳǴľ
ݡ¡˵ȣ˵Ȼ飬ֻһ껨̫ȤŮΪһ̱£ţǸõĳ
಻ͷ¾Ʊһ
䲻仨ǲ䣬ֻ۾ϳȥˣ
ĳгЦŵ飬һ
¡¡⣬⻨顭
ôвͨ˼˼ܳΪ֮˼
ֻһٵģǵһ֣϶ᱻ°
ôô˱вͨ
Ҫ˻˴
Ҳˡ
Ůǻ飬黨ҪͷҲδ̫˰ɣ
ģǿЦ
ͷǲҪܿһ˱ɻǺȤġ
Ҳʮڴ
һûأҿʱʲôġ

ĳһɫ⡭⡭ʵʵΪҹ˻Ǿ٣ѾӻˣǾͲٱػˡˣھһˡ
ܱȥ
ʧˡ
Ǿһ˼ûˡ
Цܱȥһͨˣ͸޵滨˼
ĳֱӹڵأң³ͷ
Ļ飬ȥֻʲôʱֳڶ黨ʲôʱ
ĳŵ߲Ů˴
϶ʱ˵ʧÿ¡
Сࡣ
ոյĻƺûи°ӡ
죬в˻
£ף¡
Ǹꡣ
Ӱɡ
Ŀ˹ȥ
Ȼֱˡ
棿
Ż꣬ôǳ¹Ӽһ
ϸȥ
Ǽȫ
Ӿǳ¹ӣ
Ϊ˴ƵеΣƱҪףʱĿⲻСڱϡ
һղ۾ˡ

ȵȣﲻĬ˵Ǹпõ
һãǰﲻǰǹеˣ
δޡСɩɩ
˴۵С˰졣
һ

ð
Ǳߵˣʶ𱲷֣úʲô
ջߣӲĺ
Сɩɩ
ǿ侲ף˾ƣž͡
ֵܵĻ
žͻ͵Լá
Թ棬ǺģֻȤʱŻ̧ɨһۡ
ֳϵȷʺ
ӣЩøЩ
ܰ˽ӻ͵ϷȥúԼڳޣҸ׸żţ׸ȻͲ۸ˡ
á
žͰ䣬Ѿź֮顣
ֵżҵĺ
Ϸžͷ
µǧϸͲʲôֻһôϡСԸ͸¡
һССľӣ˳ȥӹۡ
Ȼסˡ
ž΢΢ü
µĸһֲٳֵģδĿ
࿴Ǵһ˿ȣȻ
֪ΪΣЩš
Ϊʲô
ѵﻹйزɣ
ѵúɫϷˣ޺ϲ
ϲͺãϸҲϲϸż¡Ȼڱ˿ֻǲϡСǶż˵ȴ޼֮
ϷζϲҲܡ䱦
ףϷ˶ˣˡ
žͷٿ
ðɣɵûһͷԵأ󿴿ҿãȻ
ͷЦ
Ҧҵ
Ҧ̫һվƤһ
¡
Ҧ̫˹֡
µǧӣϳ͵񣬱¿ܿϡ
࿴
ȻƵջߡ
̫˵Цˣ̫ʲô޶Ǹ˵ġ
Ҧ̫ۡ
ôº͵̬ȣ
ɲǸµĹÿǰ
Ҧ̫һ֣ҦɾĲãæҦ̫
£ϳ͸µǡʣ
ϲ˶ɫ
ˡ
Ҧ̫ǣκγ¶һĲ
ϳΪӦμǣѰ˼УκʱҪаʣ̫ƽʳǸ²ΪһЩʵĶΪ˴ˣǮںϡʱ̶ҪǵԼǾǽɽ
޹صͷ
Ȼˡ
ʲô취ء
游
Ҧ̫˵꣬߰ͷ­ȴű»Ǹ˵ķ
˭֪СʵʵͷȥǱ۸Ƶġ
¾ȻˡŬ¶һ
̫֮޶л̫Ľ̵
С游
ˡ
ڲ̣ԺѰˡ
ķҦ̫𾪡
¶ôݵ˵̣Ƣˣ
Ҧ̫
Ҧ̫صԼλã˿
Ҧ̫ͱִ
һɲٵҦ̫棬ָˡ

Ʊյ֮䣬Ŵ򿪡

̧ȥ
˹ڵϣͷ󺹡

ݴѩ֣ѹũڷ絲֮޹ʳѩ֮ص񡭡
ˣ
лҪ˵ˣһ

 92 

ǧ, ֻһͲòɢȥ
ϯϵĳû빬, ֱӾ͸ȥ
ûȥ
, ø̫Ůǡ
гҪ£Ůǲʱҹȥֻ, ߺ̫ŵᣬŰٳǡ
ҦϷˣϷˣǳʹĹҾ죬˽УõĵֱԼߵĹŮչˡ
ҦϷ˺ϷͬĶ, ҦҦŶڶƫ
ϷźˣѾȥˣʱЩ, Ϸǵ
֪˼ҷ, Ҫ̵, ˼״ȻūȽϺ, λϷ˶˹ŮʱźȥҽõѾͷź
Ϸ˿, һĵ
ˡ
ͷЦЦʱϷ˶
ҦϷ۾壬ַԸ˵йŮСź
, ŮǵȴŰš
ȽеŮ춼ٺãһҹ
ƻͨгвڹ⡣
پģʱҲﲻæֻܻصԪȴ
ϯ֮ǰѾۣҹ˯š
ʱģŶſڲ
šüĺ磬һֱһ⡣
ѩ֣ôͻأ
صĵعѵܺܺõİЩ
׵ľΪʲôϢƫƫڱµǧϯϱ
ŵյ£̾˿
ˣҹѾˣȥϢ
ŵߵ࣬Ȱ
ҡҡͷ
أ
ˣټ˳鳯¡
Ѿʱ˰
֪ϲиҲٻôҹæµ
ǿ
СʰȥԸдҲ׼ϡ
ձ磬ŷԵĲ˵ʳȫġ
ȻѾҹУӳﶼڣ˻ûʱ׼򵥵ŲһЩ㡣
ҹﻹƮѩ
ƿһ㴹ҹĵ׻벻ͨСѩôôвأ

ְͥϽϢ
ȹ룬ˡ
æֻЩš
֪Ƕæµ״ţֻùŮʳֿˣµ̿¯š
ǵ˿þǡ
ɫɻЩ
лˡ

ƻ硣
ϣǲӰ
ضͷۣȥ˷ġ
ֻӲȥˣǶùŮ׼ˮ
ӺǴ|¶УҪˡ
·̵ĹŮˮͶ΢ůЩ
ڵǶҶĹʳڼСϡȲ裬ļλӣ档
Ҧ̫ͣƬ֧̾Ųסǡʱ
ȴ֮Աǡ
²úý˼ϣôЩϸ֦ĩڵС¶Ҫģ
ֻɨ۾֪ŵ˭
Ҧ̫ٺݣҲֻӡ
޿ûôϸġ
˲Ц̫˷Ըġ˵Ҧָ̫ͣղɹ͡
Ҧ̫ɫ䣬档
лˡ
棬а衣
պȻ״òٳӶϳԷɡ
¶ȣ濿֣һ밲¶ǣһأûһһЩСģ׿˻ࡣ
ǰ˼ʱԵһηſֽţʳ
һֹ󣬳Ƕܴ԰ҹ
ĵֱϨ
棬ҲҦ̫ͣҹȥ˯ˣĳӣ󶼰峿
峿Ƿ½ЯҾ빬
ҲŰ˴ҹ
˯ʼڵǱߵϢ
ˣʱˣȥ˯һ
˵
ʣأ
ϥˣū澸ոȥһųгǵһ빬ˡ
빬ˣ
һ㶡
о
ѵ±еĻҪ
Ѿ빬ĵز
иǽ
µȷ޷㡣
֪ģҲȫǿ˹ŮǵϢ
빬ŹͶ˳С
ûмˡ
ﶼ𽥾ˡһʼļгӣڼפģǰͥžͣԼĳӡ
ȥţֻŷʳչһ
˲ʳվ졣
ߵСѩͣˣѵһõӣ£ѩװװӭžͳ
ž߳һ۾Ϳ
Ҳûԥֱӳ
˶֪ǵĹϵžͣϥ
Ž
žֱ˵ﶳţ¹ش󣬲ܽġ
ʵ񰲸˲ͿΪʲôôأ
žҲ
񲻵Ǽ򵥵壬Ѿ֯йģĿʼӶǳأعٸ˵壬˵Ǽ͵ķ
žüͷ塣
ˡ
˵˻ȥ
ˣòĵģȥɡ
Ѿɵˡ
ô
Щѵǹٸƿ˽ı
Ϊѩµ񣬴Ūֱ֯
˸
ȷž˵
²ô򵥵һ飬֣ˡ
ž͵δ֮ԡ
žʲֻ࣬˽½ѦΪ
ѦҪ󣬿Цţˣ黹ˡܡ
ǰ飬漰ˡ漰˲֪顣µ治ܴӦ
Ѧܾ̫䣬ûиᣬһô˵ܴӦӡ
޷ֻƹѦ·
ˡ
һֱüͷչĿ˹ū澿ȥ
һ㶣
͵뵽ȻֱܺϵھƺҲŵ
¸պá
ãȥЩ֪£Ѿʲôزˡ
Ĺƣվͻ
ˣū澴ˡ
üͷһ˿⣬ǰʱ˵䶼Щ¡
˵
ʮĽ
ˣ⣬֪ΪΣʼһ˵
˴αѩ֣ʧ壬µĳͷ
һ㶣˵ʲô
ͷ
⴫÷з
µ۲ʣλ죬첻ϲؽʾ
Ҫ̫ƽӣ

 93 

ڷεж
ʲô򵥵İ顣˽һεѩ, ֱӰνӡ
˶Եλͼ졣
˵, Ҫһεѩ, 鷳
Ҳ鷳һѴ̡
ʵҲˡ
ʱ, ķԽԽˡ
ֽŵѾӵ˺󹬣ǺǰûʲôϸĵطѾ֡
òײ뷨Ѧž͵һȥȵ˻ţü
žŵôʶǳ
ǰ̽õϢֻһʵǾڵȷܲá
ô, ȥһֱôʲô֪飬ʵѰ, ùŮһС, ȥƫ
˻ƻ, ɫʱ, ͥ˴һɫ뿪׼ʱ
һ۾Ϳࡣ
˶ڳ, ִʣȴڰա
ޱ飬ܴϿһ˿ƣ
ⳡͻı, ѹģ
¡
ŽĿȥָǡ
𣿡
еıʣС
Ҳ֪ЩôԼģòǵ⣬ûˡ
ϸϸУˡ
пɡ
һơ
š
ۣüɡ
Сɨ˳һʱȶ
˵ЩӱµʳϣЩ̫ģȥԱµ岻á
ˣԵﲻϣֻܾʳÿһٶֲٳġæµʱ˲ʱѾ͸ķ⽫ЩԹˡ
С롣
Ӷˣ´ľǡ
ɫ΢ۡ
죬뵽Щʲô磺£һѩֵ顭𣿡
һҲʧˡ
Сͷ
ǲȥ
۵һ˿
ѩֲ٣֣ȴΪ
Ǳ߲֣͵ʱ
Ұ֮Ѿλ֮ԣʿֳλƽϢŭ
һ̾֡
󹴽һĵ棬ѵüЩ鷳Ҫ˳Ƕ֣鷳
ڹۣǴֱ£ɸĻ̡̻
֮󣬾Ͳ˵ˡ
Щֻܸ֪һЩͳ
ˮ̫࣬һˮ
ԥ¡
Ǳ֪Щ𡭡
ס
֪
Ȼ֪ǱҲ۸ѽ룬Ϲӣ¿ԲɣұĽ۸ǣǲϸѽ
һ㶣Сĺס
򵥴ֱ䡣
ڳϣ˵ּıֵϣ˭á

Ҳһ÷ӡ
֪žϵĽλô𣿡
׳һ⡣
治֪
֪
Լžġ˵ǰΪȵǸ¿ӣžͲֱ飬ðȥսһ·һ·ҡá

̩񰲵ʱ̫ˡҲһô
žͣʱܱս
ජѯʵƽң»Σ
²
ҲҪ¡·ֻһᣬȻͲ˻⡣
ڳϵ飬ԣʲô֪ܵ£˵
üͷ壬ȴ֣ģܿͻƽЩļһһԽߣʰԽ㡣
ʲô˼
˭ڸ鷳ֻ֪ĸЩ˻˸Сˣ²⡣
žͺܿ͵ƽҡ
ͬʱҲ쵽һ
һ굽ͷ£Цʱƫƫô飬ⶼץڲ飬ַΧºúȥ׼顣
̫Ҳе鶼һֲٳ֣Ĳٳ±ӦȲеģȴһֱڶ϶гЩСĴ
δЩ
ڿһЩ飬֪ʷвٵ壬߸˰λĵսɱ¾ڵ֪Щ֮Ĵûзƽ
ҹجΣûҲûʲôζŵθ
Ϳź࣬ŵز֪ô죬ҽҲֻһʮº͵İ
˼أȥ岻ãҽ᲻֪أ˼ֺǳ˻ҲӰ졣
ͷ࿣ҿƲס
ҽΣʱʵڿƲסȥұ¡ڱߣܼ֢״ġ
֪˼ػһԭ򣬾Ϊ೤ڳϲ÷ģÿһһ˯Լ
ûߣǷݱİȫУҡڡ
ҽߺ󣬴Щ΢ãȻЩ㱡
ˣǲǸòˣ
ü£һˡ
ҲأףȥŮ
ôķ£ǱµõܣӦΪ·ǲǡ
Ůϵ֣˵ܰﵽ¡
Ůúܿ졣
һΣıҲƽղͬء
ʱҲǰһˣǶִĸתһȦ
ڵֻŮʱŮ˵ԸҪ֡Ҫ˵
Ůٶ˿ϥ
ˣСүæǲˡ
ȴ
΢΢šüںδ
Ůԥ¡
СүںδֻСүͬ߸ʱū澲˵
ˣкҪ˵
ǲܳʱְæȥûˡ
ǣū֪˲ҪŮֻٰҲ֪棬Сүȷѳ鿪
šüǸô죿ҵȲˣ
ŮٵĿĸתһȦ̾
ˣūΪ˰ţһʱ֪Сүֻ԰꣬Ҫӡ
мǲڼ
Ůٲδ㵵񣬶֣صҲ֪ӶСү˵к塣
΢΢ۡ
кΡ壿
лҪ˵ǵģı

 94 

ܾŲԡ
ǵﲻ, Ҳ˵
ֻŮٵʱ, ûֱ˵, ͷֻظԼҪ󣺡Ҫ֡
ŮΡ
ˣūһ˵ҪתСү, ū֮ǰ԰ꡣ
Ů˵˺öΣƽ԰Ļ
ߺЩɻһװУŮٵ̬ȺȽϣҲǲͬġһҪΪһЩ, ֱӾ
ʲôŮˣ
ʱǲҪ˳˼·ȥȽϺѽ
תת, ֱӷԸ, ҽȥ̥ҩ
һϲɫ, һš
ˡජ˺ð, Ҫ˵Ļﺬã̲סʱʵ֪ΪҪȰ̥ҩ
ӡ
Ϊ̥ҩǸöѽ
ûл, ϶֪ġı־ȷһ
Ը˵˵ЩȰ̥ҩã
һ, ҪǸ˵⻰ˡ
˰̥ҩҩȰȡ
Ͳϲҩֱܿӵ
ԪڵҩζδɢҴҶ
ڸ軨ˮ㸲ǸŨҩζ
ֱץͷ
£
̧ȼˡ
Ѿܶ죬ûԪˡ
ʱ򣬻Ǳæµʱ
һǴæµǿ|ģָϻīζ
ôʱˣΪʲô¶Ͻץ˿֮뵽ڹУ벻˵ġ
ˣ²š
Ȼƾô¡
ı΢
ĸͣƬ̣Ȼ΢ˣ
ԪĹרţ˵˰̥ҩ
ɫ΢
ôñ֪ˡ
Цˡ
ô֪ҵУһ֪
˵ȷʵ֪С°ͣˣôеģ˵
ոմУԪĹ˼Ҵǰͨ˵ؾ͵ϲ˵Уҽ˰̥ҩ
ʱӶˣҴߡ
ߵͥ磬͵
Сûй£У
Ȼ֪жȻġһ̵飬ǵʮ
ߺ
ѽǵģǣΪƭˡ
һ仰˵ںĻ͸˵ˡ
֣ù˴ȥǹΪˣ˵£ΪҰּ档
ֻһ仰У⡣
ǣС£˵
Ҳ֪Ӧ˵Щʲôֻǻԭԭ˵
ֺУϢῪģƭңԾ͡˳ˮˡ
Ĭ
С̳ϺĴ󲿷֣ͰеơҪʲôСףȴ
óı
ϧˡ
Ϊ岻ʣŽеҽڱķûж˷˼ץ֪ص㣬ôӲˣҲң
ͷ
ͣЩЩıˣҽ˵˼ǡ
ྲ
Ϊ˼ǡ
⻰ţܶ
ְ̧С§뻳С
ɵҪҡ
ĹȻãС˼ǵӶַӦˣͲ̫ˡ
СﱧУ෢Щ
ȥˡ
ȥĲ˵ò׸С⣬Ҫȫˡ
ЩװȰ̥ҩû죬ŮԪ
ˣū߰׵ˡСү֪УʮָˣҺһ棬ѾС
⻰ȴûй˷ܡ
ϴδŮٵĻУѾ֪һЩ
ƺѾ˾Уȴûϵ
е֪Ӧô˵źá
ŶֻɰͰӦ
ū֪ӹǲ㣬ǻˣСүһ档

ĻҿԳȥֻǽҵ٣ǡ
Ůٹ˷ġ˳СүỤȫһ˿һʧ
ԥ¡
⻰˵ģֽϾҲһ
ߵЩȫϵȷܱϰɡ
֪ˣ㰲Űɡ
ǣū澵˵Ϣ
Ҫȥּ棬Ͻ˱¡
ֶˣôõʱܼһ͸ˡ
СҪ󣬱Щ΢
Ŷ
˵£ѵھǣĲҪһ𣿡
ȥֻ»ĳıż
ţ
û̫
಻ڽôࡣ
ȻȥȥඣѦǶϡ
Ŷ
Ҫġ
Ͼôңһ£ûضޡ
ǱͨϢȷʱ䣬һصļްȹ϶񣬻ﻹһСů¯
Ѧһӵߡ
Ƕ⣬Ѧڡ
ˡѦıܲãҲܽӲȷҪ𣿡
̧ͷһۡ
ԲС᳤˷ۣͷ˫Ѿ٣ٻһëߵķ۰ȹѾǸ
ѦڵذһϵĺëΧ
е㲻á˿뵽ʲô˵һ׹
˵أܾȱ˵ʲô
ЦѦϼһ׹ӡ
Ѧˣڡ
½ˣһγǿԽֻıС
ܸýɲֻйŮô
ǰҲҪͿϺױѾͷ
һȦһȦͣ
һ⣬иߴ˹˹֣ǼĶ𣿴үСӶ
ݣȷǶ
Ӧˡ
ȴ˵Ҫһ
Сֻľǣ¸ţ
Ѧں˵
ԽԽЩˡ
Ҳû˻˸˼Ȧ
Ѿȫ֪Լںδˡߵˣֻ˿ѦŮӰˡ
ʱͣ
롣
λһЦеϸˣ
ҪС˽˵𡣡
Żˡ
ַ
̧˿
һѰ˼ҵ߷
ô
ŹأѵǸڻٲãҲվŶѽ
֪ΪΣһˡ
Сˣ߾ˡ
ѦӷԸ£С˲ġСֻܷĴ󵨡
İˡ
ˣôб¡
¡
߰ɣȥ֡
ǵż

 95 

ͨũ, ҲͨСԺӡ
żѼ, ߴߴء
ϳӲ, õ
Ժˣ, ϥЦ˵ˣЩ롣
ϸĹ˾ҪӶšһúܺãͷҲ̧
εѾѦ̫ݹһ̧ȥ
һϸٯϷˡ
Ƴۡ
ԺźѾߣ˵Щͷˣ񶼹˶ʮ, δͷһֱź
һѾߣӭ, ҲԭԺѾߡ
, ̿, ūţ
Ķ, պˣ˳۵أС£ӵū
ֵѾڨЦ˺
̿ζܴ
Ӷ˶, ;Щˡ
ڲôͨţŨŨζ˺ܡ
ŤͷüԼظ
Щ, ЩϹﲻˡ
źѾ۾⣬̷Ը
ӭ
үոȥƫ˯£ūźūʱЩ̿ġū澲á
ںܿͿ˴ŨŨ̿ζɢЩ
Ѿһ衣
ڵء
ӹ롣ء
үأ
Ժūȥ롣
Ų裬ȣ߷ٵ˾䣺ӱȽȥûһ
һ㶣˿Ļ
Ҳԣһ
Ѿ⻰ЦЦӹеĲ룺ūʧˡ
Ƭ̣Ͷһ衣
еʲô
Ҳûԣů֡
Сˣմմ죬ԽȥѦߵͷ˿
㶼붯ǿűûѦĻմմ졣
˭͵
ָо̫˰ɡ
ü
һȸӴ᡽
һûˡ
ĺóˡ
ˣҲ£ɫãòҲЩ
ȥʱŮϢ
һ˻ǣӵĺù
ͷϵĺù͸ǸˣǸ˵ĺӣ
ɫ
Сү
ĻһСҴı
ġ˹֪ҪʲôҲ֪Ҹʲô
˾ʮŲһҲߴġ
СүѾ˺ӣⲻŮСүĳ롣ֻҪһжˡ
᡿۾գ
Ҫ硣ǸúӣﻰֻҪ˵ģһ
ԣˡ
С󣬸˵ʲôʲôĸʲôʲô
ڣˡ˵ʲôʲô
Ժӡ
ǣСүз
£̾˿Ժ󣬻Ҫһֵġҵ檣Ųί
СүӢ
ãŵȵ
á
ᡴӴӺһ¶Цݡ
ؾϥү
ˣԴΪּ̳λ󣬾ûкˡ
ƺҪһļ
˺˰벽
ү˵ЦˣҲǺӵġ
ʵز常ĸģẰΨ֣СʱǺֵģ㲻͸ŵ˺ӣү
˽¶֪ùϵϣûɿڹ
ҲڹУŮٵ棬ŻẰ֣Ů
Ҳʧ
һˣ῿֣Ķ
ã˵ˣǴϲ£ΪҲ˰
ᡵҲЩڡ
ʵûлаΪʲôôˣ
֪ô˵źã뵽ʱŮ˵ӶҪ͸˵ˡ
үүѾ˵ˣڳһ£´Ӧˡ
ᡸڷϣ˵ˣðΪֲٳ֣Ϊǹⲻȥ
ѵүȥ𣿡
ż
ᡵЦ˼ֵ⡣
æأûսӼҡ
룺ү뾩ִ£ôүȥǼǣһʱȥأûм¾ھУǲϣ
صһؾһʱҪȥǼڰȻ˱µļ棬ȷ̡
֮ǰ˵ʱ¶֪ھС
ô͵͵ģ̫ѽ
زס£ôģܿ
˵ãΪ˽¡ΪõΪǧټƴѰϿϾΪùû뵽Ǵˡ
˽£ʵڲϱٸԲ
˵ţ᡺뵽ʲôƤһ
øûи߱°ɣ
ˣ˵ʲôʲô
࡭
һͷȥ½æ
Ҳ˵ѡ
½ȷǺæȷ˵ˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôŲ֪Ѿ˱¡
˿
æ֪ˡ
æ϶ʱԼġ
ûл˵ҲӦõġ
˵Ϊֶˡĸģõģڡ
һ֣Ѿ߶һ̡
Ľ鱦
Ƴۡ
Щֻпеġ
֮ǰûй
ڿţûʲôо
Ͼź̫ĶѾһⷿѶûš
ллĸ㣬ллү
˹ȥ
̧ۡ
ߴŵѾأ
֮ǰõ˵
һֱҵģ֪Ҫү˷ܣСĴ˲룬֡ҾϢţˡ
ˡ
ͳȥˣ֮ǰһֱߡˣֻᡣ
˿ŵùΪû
үϥūһֱߵģʲô֪ʲôū˵ŮǶҲūڴ㡣
Ѧɤӣε˵ūǱСӵģūǰ̥֡
᡿໹⣬Ѧһ⣬죬˾䣺õѾߣһ񡣡
û̧ͷ
Ц
䣬һĨƽȥŽ⡣
ã֪񱱷ѩ֮£
ס
֪һЩ˵Ǵѩѹũ᷿ӡ
ʵǿɱ飬Щѹķݣܼ̣Ǳѩѹġ
һʵүǲ˵Ūģ
һҭ
û뵽þȻ̾Ͳµࡣ
ǡ
ҡͷѵ֪ҰĴ𣿹ڱµġ
ʲôѽ⣬ƽﲢδ̫֪
ЩΨһ֪ģҲùŮȥ̽ģ˵»ġ
Ǳµõܣ϶˵»ģô˵ģǱˡ
뿪ʱΪ߹㣬µۣǸ
˵
ȴ̲סз
ǡ
˵һʼҲѱµɱˣôֻ˵ƢЩЩֱЩ
ϣûлƹ
һ°յĵҹƴ
һϸĵ
ˣΪҲ߹㣬ĵλôİɣظ˵ȵ£Ǿŵֱɱ£ɱȵۣĵλ
ǻ·ȫѪɱ˶޹ˣŸһλǻ֮󣬼λµĽ¡䣬ȫ˸䡣
ȴź̫ԡ
͢ĹԱöˣ˰ͥͼ⣬ǰġһЩرҪģھҵҵ
λ£µĻ˵ˣ֪ǸСӡ
ϸ룬֮ɱ޹ֻһ
ͨݸʱһȥǸŮ
¼ҵĳܰԼȥġ
᡻˵һвĵô°հأǰղܰģҲȥ⽵һѣҪˣɡ
С˵ү㲻ϲЩ˵Щǡƻĵԡ
᡺ݺݱԼ
ȣһʱһʱұ£ȷˡ
Ѹ侲ԼҽڣãҲڹУĿù¡
ҡҡͷ
ûС
ֻ˵һܰŵ뾡Ҫ
ûУһ㶣ûɱûҪɱ㣿
룺үǵҵͻȥ𣿡
šü죬˵ʱ̫Ҽǲˡ
ţȫĻֱӴˡδֱ䵽С
Ϊ˽ģ˴¡
ڿȷе㻵£Ȼûڹеľ
ãҼ㣬Ҫ
Ҳ˵
үҲү
᡺˵ʲô
Ҳˣµ񣬸ʵĶҪǡ
գҲ֪һʲôʱˡ
ү֪ҵĸ
ƮƮһ仰ȴɫ΢䡣
һֱᡵг˳
֣֪ġ
Ϊʲô֪ôأ
˵ʲô᡽üö˶˵ģôᵽˡǰþ㲻ãҪҼң
ôһñӿȻ˻ţȻ뵽ѽӦΪַʶ顣ûС
ǵģֻ֪ҵˡ
СǺܼᶨү֪İɣүң
ô궼ûʣôպȻʵˣʣǰ˵ʲôˣ
֪Ѿ֪ˡ
ֻ֪ˡүү֪ҰɡѾǺˣ˳ϦҾʮˡ
ᡲ
Ҫһ塣
żҵŮֻҪżҾ
ǸһʲôһҪһ
Բûƿص£֪Լ
࣬õ 
Ԫ˧ʮżҾȻɢ
ʮʿôһҹⶼżҶŮĳ룬еĹؼһ
Բܳ
֪
᡻һЦ
ˣЩһûȥ
㰢ǽʿ㰢ĸڼнϴлһװ֡㸸ĸ֮װ˼ңͿˡȥġ
˵ڼУķҳһ㡣
żʱ
ϵĿᵽŮΪʲôȥļң
ʱСᣬҪȥԼļңҪȥˣ˲ãҲһָһѾһũ˵Ǹҡ
֪֮Ͳˡ
ô꣬ҲδΪ·Ĺ
һֱΪԼҵ˼ҡ
ܹһЩǮȥǴӣլһޡ
滰ᡵĻѾܴԴзġ
ԭֻںġ
ƭ
ЩãȻ
Ϊʲôء
ΪʲôҪƭأмңѵǺ
үԥ£үƭң𣿡
˵ãҲƭ㡣ôΪһֱûƭ㡣
ͷŻеĲ衣
Ѿ͸ˣƲů͡
Ŷ
Ȼ˵ھ˭˵ʲô̽ʡ
ȴʣΪʲôүţھ˭˵ʲôأ
һ㶡
ȻΪżھа
⻰˵ãҼھһ˵ţͬʱ᡿
һ˿ĲȻ
ȻǣѰϿĹôھء
˵ƭ㣬˵ǾеĹҪţȻҪϵõôġ
û˵
Ĭϵõô
ûУˣžˡ
ž͵õô
ҲûУѼҵӶͳ
˶ȥ˱ս
Ǵܵõôˣ˭ѽ
֪²͸Ҳ롣
ã˵ʲôҪţļңΪ˵Ļġ
᡼˵
סֻҪĻ͹ˡ
Ŷһ
һֱ顣

常ĻĸĻĻӵĻ
Ѿϰˡ
ǡ
Ǳû˵ˡ
ôôᷴĻ
ⲻǰһֱ
ô˵ͻˡ
оô֡
үѾүĻү˵˳֮£ûбĻҹͻˡ
һ㶣ѿڶԣ
ڻűµĺӣ
ͻе¡
֮ǰү˵ֻҪףҾܻؼˡ
ҲĻ
ãһʱһʱڲߡ
ֱ˵ⱲӣҪڹС
͵̧ͷ
үô˵ģ
һڹС
Ҳû
¶ܺá
ҪһֱߣԼһֱһֱĺá
顣
ĿĲ˱¡
˵ȹѰϿ
һڹС
Ϊʲôôߣ
ãںʲô
ˡ
֪㻳ŵжҪ㲻ʵʵڹӣԺ
һ룬͵ʻˡ
˵̫
ãǵ
֪ˣסܡ
ºӣԺʲô
Щ١
үʲô˼
ᡶ˶٣
ãĺӣΪǲҪ
ҧŴ

ү˵
һΰɡҲֵ֪׻ʲô
ãһֵ̽ӡ
£Ϊ˼ȥֻʡ
´Цãʣ´ڼүҪðջһƽҰ
ã㻳űµĺӣû˱£ɲֱĺӵϵλ̫Ůӣ
лҪ˵ǵģб³ˣžžž

 96 

֪, зӦôʱ
ֻʱ, ԼԼһֲ롣
, Ҳȥݡ
Ҳ뵽ֻǴֵĿ˵
һ̣޷ƭԼ
ֶԱ, żĶ⡣
ͷ㶡
ôأ
ʱûзֻ˵κˣôĶ⡣
ֻϡ˵µǱ岻ʵģµ۲á
õı󣬾ʲô˼֪
ֵڱԹԭǴʧ⣿
үҪô
ϸС, ֲ
ʻ᡺⡣
ģΪֲΪѵġΪֱ֤·˭벻
ֻ̧̧, Ѿǰһ֧Сƿӡ
֧СƿС
ƿҩ, ֻһҩˮĲˮ, ֻҪƬ, ñȥȵžۡ
˵ã츣²Ĵ¡£Ժĺϡ
ҩƿ, ÷
Ǵ
ģҪɱ˱¡
үֻ뵽취ôҵľ棬үûܸɬ, û𣿡
ᡵ侲
ã˵ʲôϲԽ³ͷӦáκ˶ò֡
˵
˽ģ
ٲԸҲ֪ʲôһֱ֪顣
ԽܣҪġ
ˣãΪ֪أܷģЩȥ󣬾ȥΪѾͷɡ
͵̧ͷ
үҪʲô
Ѧ
᡺Ц̤Ҿûǻ뿪ˡ֪ôܣôܲɱǣ
һ㶣æѦͿǰ档
үҲ˺ǵģ
û
ôҲ벻־Ȼˡ
ıͼɱߵˡ
ãҪԡҪֵѾߣǣѡ˶㡣˲
ү
侲Щ
侲侲һЩ
·ЩŮ˦ˡ
ֻпѦ
Ѧһûֻһġ
ᡵĵ̣˲뿪
˲˵ȥ
ү֪𣿡
ҧ˴ָָࣺӵˣõġүɱ𣿡
޹İ㡣
֪һʲô𰸡
ӣȵ谮ǸӣҲǱпܼ̳дͳˡͬˣ϶ֺʧ
ǸӵСӡ

в֮ġ
ѡ񡭡
˵ӵˣ
᡻ü
ӱϾȵ谮Ķӣ̫֮λֻһ֮ңڹôľӪһЩ˺
ӵˣǾͬӪˡ
ƿ񣬿Ѧ
УѾͷҸ£ͷˡ
ٴγ
У
ɫЩá
ã֪˵ʲôһӵľˣ¾͸ˣҲǿ㲻Ըķϡ
㻹Ҫһ
ѾһˣҲµڶѡ
ֻҪ߸үɱΪүá
ԣ£侲ƭˡ
֪Լѵʱô侲ָָѦ
ҵѾߣҲŮӡ
Ѧϵ̧ͷ¶ĺᡣ
ѾܲôˡСԼ뷨ôϾǡ
۾ɴˣȻ㣬㲻Ҫҡһһֱߡĺӵ˭ģ
ŭʡ
ƭô࣬Ҳһ㡣
ӵȻǱµģ֪һֱںȰ̥ҩһı飬ҩѺˣҲϲ
䵽ǵģԼúܽǲҩˡ
ү֪ܰ
˵Ѿˡ
ǰѦͳܰ˽
Ȼ˽ѦһС˵˼۾
ҵܰ
ڳһɷı飺һҵӱģ
ûӡ
ᡱһı𾪵ˡ
죬ӵؿ
Ϊû뵽þȻ˽ô顣
Щɬ
˹󣬲֪ʲôĻᱻɵӶԴġ
£ôû˵
᡻ǲ̫š

Ȼүˣôʲô֪
ȴ𰸡
ȷˡ棬˷Ĳ¡ڿڹĥһóɳ˲١Ϊο
ȴһҲ롣
˲ܡ
̫࣬Խˡ
үҳЩʱˣǸûȥˡ
ˡ
ȥҪϢˡ
߿ԣˣҪ㱣֤
ָָѦͿࡣ
˵ǰϥ
ūӵĹŮƻ̣ū澵ĸɵѧʿһУȥū澵ĸɵ̡
١
ãһֱǿסˣ˵۾գһ£Ļ档
Ѧһ
£ҾһǰıûУΨһܰģϵ¼ˣΣ
ҪǱ֤ô֤ǾԲжġ
Ѧ˵򵥣ʲô||ҩҳ¾ǡҾ޶
ҲͣūҲԸ⣬ƴǡ
ȴɤۣԼֲ
죬ȴЦˡ
ŵùǡȻˣҾȥѧʿúġ
üͷһ¡
ֻҪἰ֣ɵԻ֪ºֻҪӵƽԸɵշǡ
⻰˵꣬ᡵԽԽ٣ǵ뿪
ũϡ
صϣ䣬¯ȴ͵еҩƿ
ࡣ
ūڡ
ʣʲôסҽ̽ҩʲô
ἰ಻ר
ˣ¹ش󣬻˻ع̡
ˣǸ̡
Ҫɱ
֡
һ·겻ᡣ
صԪʱùŮǽڵĻյء
µȵڱסʣأ
һδγȥο
ˣһûԼ°סˡ
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һһ㡣
һҲȥˣֱӹűӹŲڵߡ
ˣ
סҲסߡ
£ȥǡ
԰꣬ºܿġ
ʲôҲȥ
ֻ֪յأûĵط¡
һжǼٵģȫǿɲġ
߳ͥѩ˺أһŲȥһССĽӡ
һһ֨֨
ѩأĽŵȴȵġ
紵ţ̤š
еĹŮסظһš
ˣ˴Ьɡ
˿ЩصУ䡭
о䣬ųҪߡ
ǽߣѩУŽţ

һյһյλεأǰҡ
ĳƿһǰűӣŽŵСۣ
ͣ£ֱǰһѽ˽§뻳С
£
ϤĻУغ
ڡ
ɤЩᣬ£Сᱧ
ĽѾͨ졣
Ļ

¶Ⱥˡ
¡
Ĳӡ
¡
СţһһӦ
ˡ
þôСȥᡡ
۷ʲôСѹ
۵һ˿ɱ
ᡱ
౧Ѹٴѩĵ⣬Ů׼ãе˷ڴϣû֡
С˵£Ҫһܡ
£뱧㡣

 97 

֪Ǵʲôʱɵϰ, ֻڱĻ, ҵǷİȫС
ƴԼĻ, ɿ֡
, §ڴϣԥ£庢Ƶģġ
ԣ°۷ʲô˺㡣
ĻУҭ
ǣҪ˺أ
ô߱, ֮ǰ˵֣ĵ֤֣ȴؽ, Ա֡
Ųʲôĳͷ
¹Ȼĵط, Ѿ, ı, Ѿһϸı¡
˵һǰڲʶ, ֪ʱ򣬻Ÿ䡣ڣűµһת, űڳϣξľġ
Ϊ⽭ɽˣûжԲκγ
˵콵ѣôúӦҲͰˡƫƫ֣ҪһУ´˶֣ı¡
ҡ
֪ô졣
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ҪǸ˱£ıɱӵֿ϶Ҫ
˵
ôű£Ҫȡ
ѩ壬֮£˶
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˵벻˵ѣ޷
ֻһ֪СǶʲô
ѹڶ
СһֱϺ걣ĺܺá
ӴЩӡ
ϺǴʲô⣬ûСᣬҲúϺƽˡ
Ͱˮḷ́͸óӦܵĳͷ
Ȼֱ׵ĸС˵ֻŵ
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赭дɱҵ˶ȥˡΨһģȡߣ䡣
Ҳ˵ǷĻˡ
ɱ£˭ֻ
¡
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ӻعҪҸҽǿ·ͬСɣҽ֪ˣ˳Ҫװ׾һ˵
ͲҸ˵Ҹ˿һֱ߬ԼĻУ۰Ͱ͵
Ȼ
СҩƿУںˮޡ
ݸŵ˼֡
ָҵġ
˵ˡ
һᡣ
常
ʮ֮ƽȹôꡣеֶίεϡ
һеһУ˵仰ʱ絶
ĺĵز߱£ֻƿҩװʲôûз
ܡ
಻һͨˣǵ⽭ɽˡ
⣬ɽٲ
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ľ̹һУһ
ȥСҩƿ֪ôڡ
֮ǰ˵Ļ£ȫȫۡ
Сҩƿ
ᡸģ|ҩ
͵̧ͷ֪
õֶΣͨ㡣ͨģҲֱִּǲĵķӡ
໹߶ᡵ뷨
Ǵ֪ʲôط
۾ﻹᣬ࿴Ų˵Դ
ʲôûʲôֵ޵ġ
һͷԽС
ңҾܣޡ
ԼʮļˣһתҪͨɱࡣ
ô벻ġ
Ȼһʼ߾ǱĿģֻһûκΥĵ顣
˵̫ˡ
Уұ㣬޾Ϳޣ˺úϴȥ˯ʲôˡ
໹˸˿ޡ
߬˿ȴȻ޲ˡ
Ѿ˺üޣôţίǲйܣҲûôˡ
۾Ѿˡ
ݽ˱۾
ˮУһܷЩ
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 101 

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ʵ
żҾԪ˧󣬲ִɢȥ˱ľӣеֱʣľӣһֱΪž˵СûҪСá
żҾΪԪ˧췴ɱȵǸΪžʹһǶ֪ĸ׸е̥ѾһִĿģżҾɲ³ԹȥѰ
ǿ˵СŮżҾɲΣҲҪҵСҲģżҾɲֻΪżСŮ
ӶǰżҾľɲҲΪŬ
ǵٱ鲼£ȴΪȻĳޣ
ǸʮСˣͲ
żҾɲ֪ôִСŮڱҵˣҲܳ׷ģȥԼ
Ц
ԭȴСġ
ֻҪżҾɲĳϣô֮£ûһܶС˵һĻ
ôһСǸɵйվȨһԪ˧СŮżҾϵСˣȻվžԵơ
˼ǣҪðִżҾɲ
Ҳǡž˵żҾɲĹأҪǣҪСó˵
ˡ
˼ǣվǰ˶֪չ㸮СŮµԪ˧СŮҲʮΨϵСˡ
СվЩ˵ǰζţЩǰ䶯ˡ
ɡ
ͬˡ
ҲãõЩҲϰߣˣһжġ
һԺظ˳
ܰżҾɲɻʺ󻤾
δһеıʣҲܱСﰲȻǡ
ڣСдӡ
࿴ž͡
ĳӣҲСֳ
ѩֱʱɫƽ壬ˣԪ˧ĶӣӳͱΪžֻͣŸıӻ
㹻˳ϣдʷʵ
޷Ϊ±Ԫ˧פЯżҾɲվӣԿٴ졣
һһ˵
±Ԫ˧С︸׵ݣʮ꣬ʱٴ֪κΡ
ֳӦ˾Ĵڡ
ˣҲ˰Ĵڡ
Ϊޣƽ֮ң
߾ܣžͺع£һԡ
δȴҪսʤʹ͡
ྲ
˵޷
ž뵽õŵ۾ô˵ڹеЩŮˡ
žһ
֪Ҫ˵Ļһŭ
˵õһУת۾ͻʧ
ҲҪ˵
ôһãΣҲҪġ
ʮΨһִ
ǳʤ¡ùҡ
лҪ˵~

 102 

žͻһ, ͥ͸оѹ˲併, λڵɽ𺣵ΣԤС
Ĭá
ֱŵڹŵˡ
ôĵӡ
ž͡
Ӳӵ, Ԫ˧Ԫ˧ģžھһŭͼСĶˡ
Ƴȥնס
ɱ, ҴߴĴ
һɱžȫܽյ
ڵϣͷǿ壬ºʪҲð벽
ֻˡ
ѾǵŮˣӵĺҪҪԼãֻսʤľ޴͵õɿڡ
Ҳô˵ĺΨһˡ
Բа벽á
⺢ӴӳһֱԶż, Ѫļˣżʮ꣬ȴǳһѾ˱µߡ
ûܹһͼദӡûŴ, ûмİ, ô, һ˴Ϸ, ˺
֮ǰ֪ôһӣȴûˣҲǲ֪, 빬ɱ¼
ʱֻһ룬Щ֮ǵ, ãǹŭ޴й
ִ֮ԡ
ߣżңżܣ˭ô
۾ãڹĳ¹žΣҲҪôվȳ
Ϊˣϧֿ
໨˵ʱ侲
ƳȥնˣСװ֡
˵ִ治ĻҲҲҪùң֮ĸˡ
⣬ȴǺֱҹȥһīž͵½ǡ
֪˵ʲô
ī˹žͷһ
λȻЩ壬Ƕ֣ͲٴζΡû뵽飬ȻҲܱôŹ
ڱУȷҪ
žͲҲû취ھܰôؼҾͺáڱвҪǸ¡
£֪
ãһʮ꣬ļ˶˼ɼĸΨһԸСŮܹңܹ׼
ĬƬ̡
ż̫̫ȷͣԵĲ˵ʱСżҦҵ˶ܹģЩȥˣҲСġ
οҲаͻȥĴ㡣
ֻײԼġɱôôʹ졣
޿ԴӦ㡣
žӶǣ¹Ȼá
໹֪ԼĳԴﶼ뵽ʲôˣش
Ҫ޴Ӧ㣬㻹Ҫһ顭
*
ԪϢԴͨѦ
ž빬û죬Ѧʱἰž͵顣
Щƺûȥǰǲǲ֪飿
Щգûġûȥ
Ͼڵ״Ҳмֽţȥײá
Ҳžǿڵһ棬ûнȥڣϽͻˡ
ⶼмˣѦõʲôϢô
֪ʲôҡ
ѦҲ
ˣ֪ϢأŽ·˴Ԫ˧պŽСԪ˧ƽҡ
͵һ
߬ڣԥ졣
Ҫս
ȻǰãžҲȥƽѩ֮ҡǲһġ
Ϊֶµ񣬱ɿ壬оȨķȣ̫ˡ
ôҲ̲סǻ뵽ʮǰԪ˧ĸףһսۡ
˲ʧȥѪɫѦͷƤˣλҪܲסͲˡ
ˣʱͬաѦ֪Ҳֻ࣬ܰԼ֪ĽеǵϢ͸¶ºעһε顣ƽҲãȣҲãǷңԤıģһ¶ġ
㶵ؿѦ
һ졭죿
˿֪ܲıǺεȵĴ׼˭ܺݵģҪһ㣬ҲҪм׼ɡ
Ѧ֪ĹϵģԣǲӴⷽġҲûжἰ֡
ѦΪֻӲͷƤ˵ԵĲ˵¾֪ƽǰѾһǰȵ۲ʱҲйһЩ
΢΢ۣ˵ʲô
ǰǰ
Ȼôǰ
ˣѦ룬һ£ֻһ֪ǰ飬λı֮ģ϶ǰĸʱˡ
ȥǰͨݸʵһ󲿷ԭ򣬾ǵ֪ϾλѾôһЩ˵ͷѦҲǵʱųеҲǺˡ
ǴģҲ֪
Ѧ䣬һ𾪣˵ʲô
ѦãȻգգۣ¡¾˵µͨݸΪˡ
˵֪
ɫܲ΢Ļ
ͨݸʱǸʱŸովڱµ࣡
û빬ûкЩ飬ǸʱѾ֪ˣ
֪ˣ˵֮ϷŪڼ˵⣿
ѦĻ˲ðģĿİ˵£˵ʲô𣿡
ǿŭ
ûУһҪлѦ֪һЩ顣
ͻһҪѰҪսĵǸ嵭Щ
ǿŻصڣдһţࡣ
ҽŸ
˶٣ָĿ˵ȥŸŽ
׻Ƕ԰ֵĵռϷ磬˲úͱһʣǵȿǵʱ䣬ܸ´һЩķ¡
ӡ
ȰֻˣҪúʱ¡
ߣƭôã֣̫ˡ
ȥһţ˺ڣ˾˵ǽҹ»Ԫޣ˰š
Դô飬ѾܾûԪϢˡ
ÿలȥ׼һӦ
ҹҲ֪ûţԸС׼ҹš
һʱ͸ˣŵִԪſڡ
ѦڵţԽԽ˵ʱķӦ̫ԣ˱ǰ˵ϥء
£лҪ˵

ӽڵСڸ׼£СϲЦ죬ȴص˵̵ƽƽ
¿뵽֮ǰ׼Ļ£Щ½ţϢãָȡһůůطڴϡ
¶ȣҲú˯һ
Ūѣֱ§ס
һ겻ػͷ
£ôҲû
˹ıӡ
˼ڱ𴦣ҵĽŲ
Ʈ
С
ҲӲ²أʲôʱŲôᣬŵˡ
ܸܲ߱£еҪɡ
ˣҲûãҶСġ
࣬ĬĬһˡ
֪ܲС˼§ˣЦЦ
ˣΪǣӴȣԭΪɺã


 103 

ӡ
ߺ, ࡣ
ôû
ȴǺߵزӦ, ŽëæõһԶࡣ
ʱ, һ죬ˣƤ, ȥϴޡ
౧һŵ£ü
һ仰أԭǷҲΪһ׼
֪˵Щʲôʲôԭµģ֪һ
ԭԭˣ¿ȥϴ
ȴǰҲ֪ԼӦʲô
˳ȥ˸䡣
ʹ, С˵ԭ£¾ʹ˽ˡ
Сú, Ǹ˵ĺù
ȥԡ, ͨܵ͸
ǵ, Ȼ֮, ʲô
󣬳ѾȻȻЩ, һҶ֦ѿϿʼð̵ѿѩҹҹʮֵ
ſڵⴵһ, ƽЩ
ͺˡ
Ҳǡװûˡ
һʱɲܸһʱӦ˲ء
ܿӳлĶ
ˣȻѾ˴ײҹҪע⡣
꿪Ķ˾ƾ»һŮġ
Ů޼Ҳɡ
ƮƮڼͷȴʮֵů͡
ԼƽЩʵ¿ϴˣ
ǿˣ˲ȥ˯
ˣŻصڡ
Ż¶ǰѾЩûôˡ
̿¯ůӣԻѣС
ûˣ齶ÿռ⣬̿¯ůģ˯ȥ£ůء
Ƭ̨̣ϴϨ˵ơ
Ϩ˵ƣһƬ谵
ֻ˵ĺ
෭˸ֽ̧§뻳УһƣС
˵¡
⿪֮ǰûġ
žպȥѰϿʱƽıҡ
Ҹıżҵ˽һ·ͨȥصפԿɱ¡
ţ˲
ӷֱԪ˧Ǽ̳Ԫ˧ģɽҲһ˷ĵ
˴ս۹Ҫһ͡
ѾӦˡ
ţžͻЩǣĻ΢һЩġ
һģԪ˧ǸʱѾǲһˡ
ȵ۴СʹŻᵼһս䡣ڵĵ࣬ǾƲԳеĳκι֮١
ԼĳӣȻţᵣʲôǸսպյĳӣ׳Ƴľ
ΣžսϣԶֵиۣͬԱܵеļѣֻҪеսϣڻɱоϡ
һĻܰġ
Žʤ´ӦҪҲӦõġ
ȻѾˣɶ֪ˣͷ֡
һֹķ˿һ˵ԵĶʲô£˵ҲģֻҪ֪һ¼ɡ㣬Ҳ㵣ǡ
ҲûҪ˵
һ䣬ؾ˵ĶԻЩ̫ԡ
֮ǰҲٻ˵ϵһЩ£ǸոǸЩܾǰʱ常ĸ˵ģ
ʱ常˵Ǽ򸾵Ĺͨ淢ʲô£ʲô£˵ĸһҲһ˹ϵķʽ
Ȼģз򸾶Ӧ˼ĵطŷ򸾶˵Ĺͨ鶼ڷ򸾶˵С
ոձ˵ǸɵĿǣЩơ
ֻôһ룬̧
ôˣܶЩġ
ô룬뵽ȥԺӭʺôɾԽˡ
أտʲôҪ˵ģ
һ⻰ܾûдⶼѾҪһڱ˴ߵϢˡ
߽աղʲô¡Ҫ˵Ļ
˵˵ţСƢˣŤŤҪĻŤýڲʱôŤá

ֻ˵УżȻŵ֪ԭȥ꣬Ҹյߵʱ򣬾֪ҵĳˡ
ãСĶ䡣
ţΪƭ㣬ӸոѾԭˡ
ҹɫУһͣ
ţ
ţ
ô
̫ƻˣ
һžһӻ֪˵ʲôѽ
֣
£Ĺĵأί˾ٻ᲻̫۸أ
ţ˵Ҳе
˵ͷ۾һƲ˾ٶˣȷ۸ǶˣȤˡ
Բۣһʱ֮Ȼ֪ʲôӦ
ڡڡˡ
顭
̧
ϵģԼҹɫɫ
ⶼʲô
ЩʱѵæڳæЩҴΪʲôΪʲôﻹѧôġ
컬ࡣ

ǡᱡ
ںЩʲôѽ
ߵͷϸϸء
Ц
ãҺҪͷң
̧֪Լ϶һƬˡ
Լܸоյķ̡
ֺ֣˵Щ߰Ļˡúõأ
Ҫͷ
ͷ죬Ҫ˵ˡ
˵
һ
ˡҶȻҪˡ
Ӧˣ
˿ڿ˯ˡ
ǻɿ֣׼ȷ°ͣͷסĴ
ء
ͫһ
õ˵ĻȻҪõġ
ӦСﲻ˵Ϳгˡ
Ǻǰﲻ̫ԡ
ȫӶߵʲô벻
صغѹ
֮ɺʱ
һ͵㣬Ļоþòñۡ
ոշʲôɵ
ΪʲôҪ˵ֻ
ѽ
ء
´ҲҪ˵ֻˡ
˵ʲôУںá
ʲôźµĴʣôһ𣬳ͷ֣λаס

 104 

ǰĺ, һֱһЩ̫õϢĴ, ͢Ҳ, Ǳѩ֣Ϸҡ
ΨһһϢ, Ԫ˧ĳžͣƽѩĺܳɫѸٽһ°
ţӵȨ£̳˸׵ķַ⣬Ϊ±Ԫ˧˻ʿӵ, ϸϣƽıѡ
ҲǺȻսң°˵λӢµԪ˧
սĳƺ, ʮ, ٴαἰ
ػ˹ҶԪ˧, һ, ׵ķͬʱһֻл
żǶôֱŵڣô˶λ, Ϊػ̫ƽżжһûΪѪ
Ԫ˧һ֮ǰ, ʼն°ϵսֻҪڣ̫ƽظ֡
һۣԪ˧һǳӮ˵ս֮⣬ȴһս񣬱޷ػҽʧߣ˶á
¶һ˵
Ԫ˧ǱСݺˡ
ˣڴӹٸϢ֪ˣǸݺԪ˧Ԫ˧ѵף
ı֮ġΪһ˽ı˵۹Ԫ˧ҵػߣսŴˡ
ıԪ˧֮Ѿ׼ıѵ顣
ʱΪʦڼڶĻ£ҵһᣬʽıѡ
һӺ˵۹Ԫ˧ˣ췴ķ
һð޷ԭ¡
µľǴ̡սһ֣֮ڰȵս±һͿ
֮ǰĹڵλλ飬Ѱǲ漰Լ棬̸ϼҲеġһ漰Լ棬ǾԲѾ򾩳ǣǱߡ
ûԪ˧£ǲСԪ˧ʱƽϷıѣٰտ»λԺƽ䷨ȡǵİ
һˡ
µػߣǵλаԪ˧Ķӡ
Ԫ˧СԪ˧֪䣬ڰѾ̳Ը׵ϡκֻҪᵽţһ
żڣһ̣϶Ӯ
ȻˣôǾͻǻµԪ˧ҼһͷµԪ˧ͬһսһǣǵİȫ
һѾ˾ݣҲֻʣһβͣѾ˼ֺ㣬£̵Ҷ£ӭһƬһƬۻƣŮˮˮ
һš
˴͵Ԫġ
ϡ
һݾ֪ˡ
Դžӱսȥ·ϵʱ䣬ִѾа¡
žͻδϵʱϱפͳͳһСҰѳ֡СУȻܴ˾޵ı£ϵĵоʼյֿڹھ⡣
ųţԷӭսսðȻǸͭӣǹ롣
ȵž͵ִʱλʱС޵ǿʧɢˣʹ˵ٲ֧ԮҪȥǸյķˡ
һֻزȷΪˡ
صúܺãžʱڿ֮ڡ
ž͵ִսƾͷ˼ת䡣
߳սֱۣӰˡ
˵ֹдŵʱСԪ˧Ѿʱʮһʤ
ţ˿
˿ͬʱ룬ǰþھУսģȥˣҵıˣ
ۡ
뵽뵽Լ
֪һԱˡ
ıΪˣùҵĽʿΪһ˽ùҳڻ̿С
˵ǹҵˣҲü޿ĸ֡
̾˿š
࣬ȥҸûС
ǡ
ϥ˳

ȹű˿ʵ廨ȹƮƮ߶䣬ȹڵչɡ
ʱ󻹴һˡ
ˣ˾ƾֵԪŮˡ
ŶЩɡ
˸Ƿ̧Ů
ˣС壬ˡ
չÿ죬֪Ѿ꣬ĩʱѣȷ׼ˡ
Ůˡ
ŮٱȻһ£Цˡ
ԲԪŮźǿס
˽ȥȣ˺һЩ
ŶȤҳ˶٣
ˣߣ˳档
Цۡ
ôѽ
ߣ˵ҲЩԪŮһЦ˵ݣȴǱȥҪϸЩ
գգ۲ҿϣ
µŮʲôãʲô˵
࿪ʼȥȹ
ȥոڱµߣڣһءԾܿĳ
ʱճˣҲż˵ҳ
ū澸ռ˵ʱǸأžһǳ˲١
пǻССأӵأū澶Ҵ˵ŵˡ
Цʣأ
ЦŴӳϥ
ĳˡˣüۼ䣬塣
˵ִĻ°úܺãˡ
룬ǡ
뵱ոոڱʱʱ޿̲ڵԼСʲôʱ꣬ģֲ̿ء
˵ģܾһС޲ò˿
Һͱ¶ˡ
һʱ䣬ǱĬĸı仹ࡣ
ūҲ֪仰ò˵
ԥ£һͷ
˽ʮ˰ɡ
˵ͷ
˾ʮˡ
ʮ߰꣬ҲСŮˡѰŮʮ弰ǣʮޡʮ߰˵ģһӵˡ
һ㶡
ŵỺ˵ڱҲһˣСҲͰˡҲСˣʲôʱܺͱӵиãԺͻܳ㡣

𣿡
òõģҲż
̾˿ūָǣ˺ͱ£ʼûǣ
룬ˡ
֪˿˵ʲô
Щ
һʱҪһķӣһ鱾ûе֪ʶÿѧϰҪϰˡ
Ҳ֪ˣ񣬺ǣҪڵģһ
š
ǡ
ū澱ţȰЩֻպЩпҲСˣֻʱͻСû˼ת
˵
ūһԡȥ궨ףޣڼ޸˱£ǲǾ׸أ
ôһ룬һжȻˡ
ֻʱСҲûǿȹ
ڣҲǴѧϰţСС۸һ¡
˵¶²ûκμٵġ
ū澸˵ģҪͱΡˣɻ֮󣬻бáǵˣͱ֮䣬ϵõġ˵
Ҷˡ
һſϡ
´ξ͡ͺͱ׽׽

 105 

Ѱ˼, Ҫ׽»ǸΪѵĻơϾÿλֲ˵, һжڱµ, İ
Ҫͱ׽ȾҪȷһ, ôܹԼգñȨȥÿζŰˡ
ǣǿɾҪӱ»һ𣬾Ҫ׼ϲźء
εڣ˵Ҫ˰ʱͻˣҹ, ùŮƫţڵһŮû
˳ȥǰѵڵһӦȫ, ֤µͷǶԵġ
ڳߵȺʱ, ҡű, д
˵֮ǰĻж¶, Ҳڣô׺ߡ
һһĻѾһʮҲ֪ڰæ, ôʱ׼¶ġ
öˣҲһʼߵ˵΢һ, Ȼ΢˵ȴżĽ
һҪΪˡ
ҪƶһƻźáҪڱʱ˵ʲôʲôñ¸Լ˼·أ
о˰죬īֽȴǸɸɾأһֶûС
д
ͷ۵ط˱ʣԼƶʲôƻûͷ
֪ÿγڳ£ôġ
ĿԺ·ӣΪʦˡ
Ϊ治ġ໹Ǹһ⡣
ǰűϰߣÿζڽ֮ҪˣȻ󻰼䳣¶֮ȻȻᡣ
ǵȵȱ½ʱҲȿ£Ȼҵʲô˵ɡ
ıմīȻϴɾȥ
ֽϴͷβһīûմϡ
ʱصԪ
յգҪһЩ
˴ճˡҹóһЩصʱƻŸոɫʣߵɫϼȥĳ˳ĺɫ
ŵ˹ŮɿԼ׼ȹܳӭ
£
صĶʱ䵽ٴҲõЩ
ս⿪˶ӭ˶
½ջ磬пûôæˣ
ϲСеĻ
ڵĵطǼңæµһķӳصڵĵط˺ɡ
š
̧§С˵°ͣͷҪס
ʧɫ̧ס֡
ȵȣȵȣ
ѽôذ£
ǰЩ˵˵ģ
һˣ۵׶˾衣
£ڲҪף
൹Ǿϡ档
СǲףƽﶼǺߣߴأҪף£Ҳ׵
⻹ǵһֱ׽
ôף
§Сż죬ң
ֲ̧ҷ
˱£Ǳš
ƻõģһһѭ򽥽
ãһʲôܲ˵أǰ׼װ׼
£¾Ͳȿڲ𣿡
ֱ׳һֲΪ˺ȿڲ衣
񷱶ࡣ۶ҪԪϾҪߵıڰҪ硣
ÿʱԪ·ϵ
ˣѵԪһںһģһĲ
ϵģʲô裬ԼҵСӲú
ʵҲĻֻҧˡ
Уڲס
ڣ
ܻץص㡣
СôɴľܾȴʱϵĲʡ
Ǿɡ
ɿһű̺࿿棬Сﹴ˹֡
һҪڲаɡ
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һʼûҸκˣµκ⣬ڴ֮ʧǾ̫ѹˡ
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˵ȴһֱС
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ͷ
ͷġ
ΪҲ֪ˣԼ׽ˣʲô˵ó
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Ҫ˵ǺʲôҲ˵ˣż˶ܺá·Χ˵δżҴҽӴ̸κ¡
һżҸǰŵĸоһֱģ

̧§С˵ⲻǺ£û˵һʣӡ
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Ц§СǾ仰ػһ֡
˵ʤ ؼҡ

 106 

żŮƼ޵ҹʧ, ¶ֵÿɲᡣҺżһӵҹ, Ҳδҵ, סò˶֪, ǳ޵Źﲻˡ
·Ѿȥ죬ƼʼûһϢ
Ѧ˵ǷѾҷ죬ʵҲѾͣż˻ɳ˼ҡ
Щġ
Ƽ޵Լˣ˭ֵǷ궼Ҳɲһûʲôġô, Ժǲ
ʵǲôġ
йע£Ƕżҵͷ, ż˿϶ܡĪƽƽ
, Ƽȴ˺, ôҲҲټ
˾, 𽥶
Ԫ֦ͥˮˢɸɾɢ嵭Ůرߣ»ˮһһС
, ʹĺ󾱡
žʹϱ߾һμĻļ飬սһӱսּһż, һ͵Ԫ
ԪݼžͼдһЩҪЩοĻ
ƽһʱ᲻ôƽϢģžѾս£ס˾󲿷ֵıľѹϾڣСıѷв
žͻ˵һսǰܽʱѰϿЩ곣Եʳ
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׼ʱʱƼҲܸ߸ž͡սǷʵڲá
ǲ˵ҲáԾͷ˱ʡ
£ԪǰȫҲȥһŸžƽǡ
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⻹Ǵ״빬
Щ棬ȥؾ˵Щ£ȥŵúá
ȴһˣһϻӣ
˰СķŴһ񡣡
õеҲǰĿġ
һǺ棬һȴһӡ
ɫѡ
滹ѹһСֽ
ȡһЦˡ
֪ϲ񣬵ôˣ˻ϲ
Ȼϲѽ
λδı֣Ҳϲã빬¶ǵøһ
ϲ
ϵӻˣŴ
ͷߴӣƯҺܻϲлӡ
Ц
˾䣺Ҫã˵ʱظ
СĲֻ̫֪ԼţҪЩʱ򡣡
дˣС׼ЩʳģҲȥС
׷ŵģȽԿڵģҪʱġ
׼һҸһݺ֣ճװʳڣ˿ࡣ
żҵĴȥ
¸ϲϣСʱ󣬿ֻ
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˿
Ǿͺá
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СƹܹʳĶ꣬˵գȥʱ㺣㶼Ǵϱģһ·ţ빬ʻġζӦоС
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СĲˣʵòõţ֡
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Ҽˡ
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⻹ֻ򣬴һ·ģжָٰ·⼸ڣˡ
֪ˣҲǹŷֻһʰˣȻͺˡ
ϸǳˡ
֮̾˿
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Ϊһ˽һС
⻹žͼ֮£ʧв͵¡
Щûа취ƵģϾЩӰ˵İգ޹ģȴòе
ûгԵ㡣
Ҳǲһ㣬æµУСžһοˣ㣬ܾ˵ʲô
ץʱ紦£ڻƻ֮ǰ̤Ԫ
ڳд顣
ҲǾѰյӪ֮󣬺뵽һ档սҾҪдЩ޹սսʿǰꡣ
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۾һȴ˷ʵҿԳ𣿡
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Ҫ
ڶգŰ˸͵شӹһ·ǰ
ѡҲ֮١
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ҦҾ͸ˡ
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롣
̫ϲλСһζô۸ˣĲ̫ȥСԺ
ֳܲڱ˼˼ŮܰɣҪֵñඪˡ
Сƺûʲô浽һȥģҲû취ˣֻôӲ˵ԺͻҾˡ
ҲΣ֪ԸСŮء
Ȼˡ
Եȡ
СܾˣĲʹ죬ȴʱ򣬴Ļ
лҪ˵
˵գǰ
һӦ˺󣬾ض
С᣺ʲôˣѲҪ㣿
û˵ֻίһԣСԶЩǸá
СǺˣȴŭ⣬קӣѸǰߵ˾䡣
ҹƼԲֻҪ㡣
лҪ˵Ԫæ⼸۾ܣûодżҲûãֻܶϸ졣QAQ

 107 

Ƽ
첻ѡ
Ƽ»֮Լ뿪߶, Ѿȥ, ҺżôҶҲ, ԭȴ
Сô󵨣˽Ƽ, һؾô죿
ֱ룬СҲ֪ģƼһ£ֵôǷ꣬ʱգеһЩ˽¶˵Ƽ
СѵͲ֪˽, ȻǶѵ⣬ȴʵʵƼ١
ԵĲ˵ǰ, ƼķҾѾ˽ż߶һ, Լ, Ƽ˻, ֮Ҫ뿪ǣǰݸϼҡ
Ƽķҵȷ֮ʹεĴȫƼ, ֵ˾֪ҲûҪޡ
Ͼ»֮ҹδ, ¼ˣ˵ȥߵҲƼĲǣҪ΢Ӳһ㣬ͿԽƼĻݽ¡
ȻƼķҲûЩٶҪС򸾶ͻϼңγڴһǶȱƼء
ɼϷǧѡŮȷǲɶõˡżҲʮ̾Ĵˡ
˵ˣ˵ףƼ˴̫Լ͵ܵģôã֪
ԵĲ˵ϷΪ⼸վͷ̫ãÿÿʸˣƼ˻
ƼֻҪһ͸֪Ϊĸ˼
ȴ룬Ƕ
Ů˵˻ЦקקԼӣ뿪
·ԸˣҪÿģġŮСһܽ˻õ⣬ԺߵλøˣСŮҲЩá
뿪ɫˢһ¾ͳˡ
ӣƼȻ㸮УѵͲ֪ӣү֪Һżң
˵ƼޣǼ޹ȥǱȥĺѣȻҪģ
еľǺ⣿
ʵǺƼ˽Ĵ
Ƽˣûİæڷչزܽ˻ȥȻȻĨȥ£˶֪¡
ȴΪĺİ컵£ƶԡ
Ҳ
ǺľˣƼæ
Ҳ˺ƼϵãŻô
ȻǾҪҾƼˣ
̫ã֪ҪҴȥһ
˵Բȣ˵һҪ㣬Ǹ
Ǹ
ԥ¡
Ƽô뵽Ǹ
ѵ˵֪ʲô
֪˵ĻƼ뵽һˣҪΪ֮ǰǸҲ˵ùȥ
ǣӣҲҪġ
뵽ƼЩܺͽ⣬Ϸ˺ż˰ģҲˡ
·ɡ
˿ǰ·
ʵҲãȻ
ǰƼһѾߵĴ磬Уҹ
ʮȥΪϷŪɣĴƼ㡣
ŲҪƼˣʵЩŭ¶ûдƼġ
οƼ޵ʧ٣ҲǹżȻ֪㲻ˣҲģƼʲô¡
ȴƼôȻԺ
Ƽ޵ôңһһš˶ˣ˳Ƽ˼
ҪһƼһ׵飬˷֣үӡΪҪҪ֣ԼﲻƼ
ȴƼ߻ŵѾߣ˵ǵ޵ģģԵĲᣬЩչ˵ı¶
ûмʶЩϡͿ͵ˣԼԺУƼѾߣԼȥЩ߲
ֻ⼸Ƽʼնһֵ״̬ϵؿޣһͣ˽Щʲô
ţȷ״̬̫á
Ƽһ˵ԼƼޣˡ
ʮֲԸλ»鵱ߣ޵۾˶ա
ôҲֻһʮĹٻͬƼģ˽ҲȰƼΡ
һε֪Ҫ͵ƶĻ˵ƼȴƼһȴץ֣ҲҪżһ档
Ǹģһ
Ƽֿ˵ͽ⣬檣˼ңԺżŭײá
ֻ˵Ƽǣ޵۾ײֶ䷢ĲԲôҲҪȵΣֻôӦˡ
ܴ󣬸гһӣСֵԺӱȽҲ΢Сһ㣬ԺӺܻڣһСŮϲģʲôСС
ǰ·ȹš
һ·㲻Զ
ȷʢֻһСҵĻҲвͬɫ
࣬۷Ҳֻ࣬
һ·бļַҲЩ
ƼҪǸˡ
˾ĵǸƼ֮ûż˵һ£ȴһ׮¶
˵ճȴ鲻¶
ãҲЦ⡣
ڿǣϴŵĽӣܲƼ
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Ϸ˶ȻῪĵġ
֮ͺܺýˡ
ˡ
ȹǺػ˵鲻ãԸţ˲ǽȥ˵ɡ
ȴԺ᷿
᷿նţǰһʶŮӣԺɨѾ߶֪
ƫƼǸܲصģԼѾߣţƣûзԺĲ䵽ڡ
Ҳ˿
ƼҪ˴ˡ
ֻҪ棬ƼкùЩԸؼˣҲͺˡ
ΪѣŸĸֳؼ죬ʵһֱĵġ
Բò
ǰֱƿš
᷿һֱûҲΪûˣѾǴûƹƿţ˲
̧ȥ
᷿ںܻ谵ûеƣûһ˵ĺۼ
üһȦ
ˣҪƼ˵Ƽ˻谵ĵط涼š
λŮ٣ǵõڿЩص˿һۣ֪Ƽ޵жңһŮңȥôܳ͸ġ˵飬ŮҲɡ
ȷ⡣
Ƽ»֮ҹߣԺģ϶޷¶һŹŮ˵һ˺
ţȷûˡ
ֻǿʵ⣬Ƽ»֮ҹߣȴҪˣѵͲһҲֵ֮ôϷ빬ǸʱҲаģӵϸҪˡ
Ǹģ
Խ֪ƼȷߵòԸˣҲЦ˵ƼҼҲİˣҼ˵ˣƼƷ޼Ӧǰݼˡ
˻˵ҲȷˣˣȻƼΣ˭Ƽ޵ķҲֻһˣȷҪġ
ͨһ㣬ǰţƼƼҰ˴ˣ㲻лҪ˵𣬿Щ
ˣ᷿ҲƼѾߵײʲôط
Ļʱ᷿Ĵɴ߳һŮ
Ůһ£ȴ԰˿һϲɫ
Ƽ߳Ͳˡ
Ŀֱֱϡ
ķ٣Ķ׹ٵϴŵİȹ󣬻صϡ
ǡϤĿ¡
Ƽ¶һЦ
ҵˣˡ

лҪ˵һ

 108 

̧
Ƽˡ
˵ƼҴҼ, ûϸ
һ, Ƽ㲵ģ, ҲЩ̡
ֻһʮŮô, ܲء
̾˿
òƼ
Ƽ񺰲Ź
ЩǣƼѾ֪ˣȴƼŹƼ᲻ǾڳЦ
ټϣƼżҵŮҪǸˣһ, ΢׽ЩҲ޷
Ƽþϣ죬ŹһĨЦ
û뵽ٴ, ȴʱ򡣡
֪˵ʲôĺá
ȷ, Ҳû뵽
ΪƼ, Ժмʱ, ڻʱƼɷżң빬
ȴ, ǵļô⡣
ɡ
Ƽģ̫ãַǽ, ȻЦҡͷ
ӲãǰˣлҪ˵
Ƽָ׵ûѪɫǽģûм
ûǽţҡҡ׹
Ҳ̾˿ˣƼ֮ǰЩӲá
Щӡ
һμʱƼʱƼǰŮ޷Ϻš
Ƽ̫ˡ
۾Ǻ׵ӣ°ͼأõĻϣЩյء
ࡣ
ͷҲ̫á
̾˿
ʲô֮ǰŮģҲɿ첻ˡ
˳ơ
ǰ
ƼֻţҲû
˵Щ˽ܻλŮܲվԶЩ
࣬΢΢ͷ
˺Ȼŵĵط
ΪԼˣ˵Ƽʲôúú˵˵˵˾ͺáȳȥǡ
˳ȥš
ûеƣȻǰ죬ȴ谵Щ
ҲƣҪ밲ԭһ¡
Ƽ·һЪһЪҡҡ׹أ΢΢ü
⻰ҲΡ
ˣ׻塣ƾǡ
ο
᷿ڣţһûסģ̨ǿյġ
û⣬Ȼǰݻ谵Ĺ߶ٻЩܣǺϰߣȴҲǿһ̡
ƼһŲ˹
˽ϸɸɾûסķڣͬʲôû׼ӵĲûС
ţƼƼ
Ƽʮֵĸӡ
ԭǸһֱһɽѹͷѹʮŹ
Ů
Сʱ򻹲¾ͱŸǵ˿ڿƼȴһĹճͲˡ
СʱţǼŹҪǣָ֣ǳԡ
һЩ֪ʲôָ˼ǳԣǣŮӵݣڴŹѪ
Դöȣһõġ
Ϊż˶׹Ҳ
Ƽ֣ҲΪ׹аһƼƼȡż׹Ůƽƽ
֪ˣҲûԹߣʲôʸԹߣһж˼ҵģǿǸڸУ˵Źõġ
һֱһֱ
żҵŮŮ
ӳˣֻһŮûŮܳŹ
߳ȥҲ˶׷ŵŹ
ְӹþˣ֪ԼֻŮûŮŹ˳ŹָоѾٹ̡
ֱ
쿴žվһ
ʵô
ֿ˭ҲܽǶϵһ
ǵվһʱǸ˸˵һָоôϣκֻҪһۣŴ˶òʮֵơ
˶ܿѪԵƼο
ʱͷֲԣҲš
ž궼Լáÿζʮֹġң궼û䣬Ƽ֪λãͲˡ
ʮ궼ҲˣôһڹУء
Ƽζܽ
οʱžͰ㷴ӦûС
Լû֡ȻˣƼҲžͣ˺òơ
Ϊֻһɺϡ
˼£ֿʼ࿴˼ҡ
ĸ˵СҪꡣôҲ벻ôʮ壬͸Ҫ˼ˣ
ĸȴ˵Щɻ顣
ƼТ˳Ҳˡ
Ǹɷѡģʱߺڴ
޵ļУƼĶԺĻӡɷǸˣƢͣ϶ᡣżҵĹżҶȻ
һжõķߡ
ôҸ뷨ϼ£ֱţҡ
Ƽ룬ʱ·ʱûǸѾ˵ǲڲߵһ
ǣûкڵˡ
Ƽ԰ؿڿ
΢΢ü
Ƽ⼸ǸȾ˷纮𣿿ҪҸ
¼ǰӹǿ϶ǵõģӦһõ״̬ҡ
ƲƼڵ״̬
ƼģҲ˼١
ѵ뿪̶̼֮죬ˣ
˾ˮࡣûл£Ǹճʱûһɶܵĵط꣬ȾʪҲ
Ƽ죬ӵؿ
еĵġ
ҲΪˣƼЦ
ʲô£ҪҲܺãǺòˣҵ
֪ˡ
Ƽ˵״̬Ѿûаֻ˵Ϣ˵ʻϢ
һ뷨ʹ۸ˣһΣƼ۾ֻһ̶ˮ
ѵʲô£
룬Ǹڿˡ
㲻Ҫ룬Ǵ򿴲ãҿҽҽҽߣȻܿ㡣
Ƽͷ⡣
ƼͷƬ̡
л
˶лһҪ˵Ǹ
Ƽڰ仰˵ˡ
˵ʱҲǳǸο
ǰŮżҵŮ
С󣬿˵һֱŽʳͬŮʲô¶ûУЩ档
ǣֱһ죬Ϊ檡
ֻһ檣ʲôƫһûУΨһ檣ͳ˶׷Ķ
ͬŮߵ·Ȼͬ
ȻǸˣҾԭ㡣
ôСƼεĵǸȷʵС
Ҳˡ
ƼڲȻżҰɣҴȥ֮ôͼٲ㡣
ˡ
Ƽҡҡͷ
ǸңⱲӶزȥˡ
Ȼַһ˿Ц
ȥ𣿡
һ
Ƽȷ֪ˡ
лҪ˵һ

 109 

֪, Ǹ¡
˿
Ƽ, ֪˰
š
Ƽ
֪, Ȼ»֮ҹ˸֪, ռݵˣеˣˡ
ֻҲͰˣƫƫô࡭
˵һҪǸ
Ƽ̧ǻǳ
żҵŮŮ, ռȵ
ô˵˵Ϸ˱ĺ, ǰ㵱Ůġ֮, 𣿡
ԭ, Ƽ, ֮ǰΪʲô
Ŷˣһμʱûкúú˵
ֳ, ڱµĳ£ݺݴ档
˲ܼڱͷϣȻҲֻܼͷˡ
, һʼһˡ
µƼҲûбİ취ĬƬ̡
Ƽһ𣿡
ԥ죬ˡ
Ƽ̧
Ҫң»죬ΪҪߣ
ȷ
˼⡣
ɷƼԼѡġ
ֶԼǱƻġ
ôôìء
һеԭӦûǵʱǸߵɡ
ƼƬ̣Ȼҡҡͷ
ҡ嶯ˡ
̫嶯ˡ

ô嶯ġ
Ƽ޵̫ݣһһء
ŶЩĲ̡
ݹȥһӡ
Ƽ㵹ҲÿޡЩ뷨ӰȥżʱҲ˵ˣȥͺᵽϼȥ뿪һ꣬ˣٻ
Ƽ͸ˡ
޵ſϣʪӡ
Ϊʲôô嶯
Ƽһںޡ
ΣȰҲȰãֻܵƼԼ޹ͣ
Ƽ˫ۣ֡
ỹϣƼ̧Ĩȥ
ʱ仹磬Ҳ޷
ˣܶ˵˵Ҳá
ƼĨȥᣬ
ұż˺úù·иѾ߸ʱ˵һ仰
˵żҹҵˣҳޣǸŹŲλáŹ֮ƼˣҪĨɱˡ
һ㶡
ǰ
ƼޣȷЩƼżҵĹϵδϣ˭Ҳûô
ǸѾ˭ΪαϹ
˭ĿѾﵽˡ
Ƽ˵ţֿˡ
ҵʱ̡Źֲǲӭ֪ŮȻŹλãΪʲô˶ҪĨɱʮ꣬ʮ꣬ѵֻǸ˵һӰӣ˻ˣҾҪʧ𣿡
ƼҲֻʮ꣬ѾߵĻʲôԺ㽣ɢһͱڶôҲ
ұŭˣұͷԣ˵ʲôʲô˵ҪӱסˣҪĸֳǰңҵˡ
п¡
Ƽƭˣ
Ƽıƭˡ
Ϊ棬޷˼ԼǸռˣ¶ûлǸѾߵڻ뿪˷ҡ
ʱʲôû뵽
ΪʲôһѾ֪ô࣬ΪʲôһѾܰһںŽӦΪʲôƶ
ֱƼ֪һвһˡ
߲һ塣
֪˵ʲôǺá
ûоЩӵ飬޷ǸѾߵǺε⡣
˵˭
˭أ
㵱챻ˣ
ʵֻ̫֣ôһ䣬õƼĵͷ
š
ұΪҪͻؼģŷ֣ұ͵˵Ρ
Σ
һ㶣ɫȻˡ
ʲôô󵨣˽㣿
Ƽҡҡͷ
Ҵ˱ˣҳ嶯ŻǸز
ȥǼ죬Ƽܣ˵ץҵˣ
һ͡
ҵԼĺ
ոʲô

ģ
Ƽ»֮ҹʱƭץڵΣ
֣
ǣǲ˵ͨԼ·ӣܻѰϿ
⼸žͶŵģô
Ȼ֣˭
ΪʲôҪôƼ
벻һ˳µɡ
ʲôɽڶҲ
ɵɵضƼ˵ʲô
Ƽظ˾䣬ǸֵģеһĻš
Ĭˡ
Ƽȴ˵ȥ
֪ԷݣҵʱΪǲҪץңвֳ
˳仰Ҳ뵽һ㡣
ǰץƼʱɲžѾսʤƽսܵʱ
Ϊ
е֪ࡣ
Ƽ˵ʱΪѵ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ƼЦ
һŮֳϵ׽Һεºܣвֳأ
ҰԼĵλ̫ˡã˼ҴҵĻ롣
顣
ΪвžͣΪʲô
Ƽûκϵ
ץ㣬Ϊʲô
ƼȴĬˡ
죬תʵ
ϵɺã
֪ôش𣬰죬˵ֻ֣ҴСּ٣˵Ѱ˼ҵֵܹϵҪһЩɡ
ô˵Ҷ֪òš
Ƽ֪ǲƭҵġҸġ
Щԥ
ѵ˵ƼץΪ
Ϊʲô
ܲΪƼ֮ǵСĦְֳѵ˰ɣ
ܵġ
Բܡ
ִ£Ҫᣬһ˼췴ϣԲ˷ʱ;
ҵĽ㡣
Ƽ̾˿
ͬŮֺҵȣָ㡣
˵Ϊʲô¶һռأ
żҵŮ߹󡣻ģռǣͼ޸˱¡ȻֻһˣǺûбɣű¶衣
ƼԽ˵Խ
ΪʲôҾͲأҲŮҪСֺĸСֺöҪֺǣˣĸƫ֣ңÿζҪ˭Ҳ˵仰żң˵˶ûС

ǲǺ֪Ϊʲôôӱô˰ɡ
ƼҪĻشֻǽ˵˰ңҹڵ̣ңңҲҺȣιҩ
ǸӻˮŪĲˣһԹȥʱ֣˵ȻǸ׻һãȲɱҡ
ƼԽ˵Խ죺ҵʱʲôõҶԣҪɱңҡʲô˵ȥġ
ܶ˰ɣҲżŮǸʱȴۣѾǰġ
Ƽҧ´Ѫ˳Ĵ
̾˿һͷƵûš
ʲô˵á
ûǸûбЩɱ֪ʱƼеĿ־壬ʲô˵á
ֻܱ׾˵һ䣺°Ѿȥˡ
ûйȥ
Ƽҡҡͷֱ̧Լ˶
ʱ̲ţڱϾҪˡҪɱңҪгƬҲұ۾˯ζǼΣպ˵
ȥˣͷȥ
ôˣΪʲôҪôԴһʮŮ
һոճɻŮ»֮ҹƭߣڵ޾ĥ
Щˣ
Ǹĵطһֱļˣ
Ƽ
ݵƼ԰׵ûѪɫĴʧȥӡ
ԭĥô죬ѹ
Ҳܡ
ûˣƼѾӳˡ
һ㶡
ȵȣƼԼӳ
Ƽͷ
ûӳһֱڵ
΢΢ۡ
ҡ
ƼЦ
һöûУҸܴԼߣ·ң·߲ȡ
ǲǸˣ
ҡͷ
ô˵
κһСС͵Ů£˵ܴ졣
żҰɡ
Ƽֻһ⡣
ţͷ졣
ż𣿡
ֻܿʱƼ״̬ܲ˳˵ġ
ƼЦˡ
Ҹ˵סԺ棬һƬӭҿϲˡһʱۻۻƵأž
Ժͷһһ쵽յʱ򣬾ܳˡСʱ򣬾ִȥժҶԡˡ
Ƽ˵ţЦúܿġ
ĸԺһóɣرϲ
ֳԺûȥֻ֪ԺͷտյģҪʲôûʲôֳʲô֣ÿ
ҲŹ𴽽ǡ
Ȥ
ǰƼ²˵ҿ޵ʱ򣬶ҲױǶŮ죬һӣ£ȫͷ
ҲЦ
ĸ㣬㲻Ҫ߱˰
ƼЦʱһ˿Σôһʻ
ҷʱҵһμȥͼˡȥ괺죬Ҹȥ̤࣬ͬżȻϹ
ˣһɡҡ
ƼЦ˵ҵʱñ֪˭Ҽǵء
ţؾЩԡ
ΪʲôƼ˵ĸоÿ죿
һȥȥżңȻ㡣

Ƽҡҡͷ
һزȥˡ
һ
ҺúڣΪʲôʱô嶯ƼЦЦţû͵ܣӦøҷһ𡣡
˵ʲôˣ˵˵ĺְܹɡ
ƼڸųģЩ̫ˣһŮʲô⣬ᱻǷꡣ
ȴƭ
ûУˡҲ㣬ҵĺܵ͵û֪
ȻǸˡ
ƼĨĨᣬͷ
ϧҡ
Ҳãˡ
Ƽ
ҪƼ֡
㲻Ҫ˵Ȼȥ
ƼֺСҲû֡
Բ𡣡
Ƽ۵׶Ǹ⡣
ĶԲ𡣡
̫ˡ
ο
ûµģȥҴһͺˡ
ǵġ
Բ𡣡
Ƽҡҡͷ
Բ㡣
ġǸ
ҲţҲٻصżңվҷߡ
Ƽʹࡣ
ұѡ񡣡
㣬Ҫԭҡ
ҴΪ
һ㶡
˵ʲô
δ䡣ֻͷһΣǰڣϵʧ
Բ𡣡
Ƽ˵
ұųüֵΪ㡣
лҪ˵

 110 

ֻԼͷʹ
Ժ, оҡҡλε, , ܲ
캰࣬, 뵽ǰ顣
Ƽ
Ƽˡ
˵Ǳ˸ץˣ
飬ֻۡĬĬĸоԼںδ
͹ƽĹԯꤣһˮ
ӦϣȲƽĵأ뿪˾, ˳⡣
ǵģôƼĻУʧȥ˽䱸ء
ΪƼģ̫, ˵Ҳ̫, Ϊ, ΪƼĹ, ҪǸ
ںˣ˭

ǣҲĵط, ֻڣҪɱɣ
ԴһƬңܲܡ
˵Լվ, վļʩϵģܡ
̾˿
Ҳ֪ôһ»᲻

⣬˵
һʱˣȥûѡ
һ
ˣˣһֱߵСˡ
ս۾ۡ
˶٣΢˵㣬ȻۣװԼ˯Ҳƽ
ӱƿһˡ
һֻϡ
ӶŲܶƭ˵ͬʱҲƭԼҪ˯Ҫ˯ˡ
ֻɿ󣬵ﻹ˯š
սۡ
硣
ô˯ôãҩ˵˵𣿡
żҲ֪ģӹǲڻһҩ΢ЩҲٵһʱһʱҪǻѲǲǳ¶
ǺãţǹˣҲҪиźˡ
Сźţĺӣ¹ؽҪ
֪Ҳڹߣ඼ź򲻺ù㣬ҲĸµˣôҲԻ
١
ڳϦǰͱҸɴţһֱѦ˶š˵ڹУô
ƺǶŲɡ
ڿУǶӺӡ
ͷβҲãҲãעƺûкⷽ档
ӵ¹شһ
֪ҸһԾͻᱻҴ
¿ô죿
Ķŵ⣬һᡵС⣬硣
࣬ƺûҲûнŲ
СŲŲٶȣѸ̧ƿһ⿴һۡ
ȻѸƽۡ
Ÿոһۿݡ
ﲻǹٵһֻһɿ·һǻҰɽ֣һˮء
ոᵽѾȥһʱ
ǰٶȣһʱӾгٶȣӦǵ˾ʮĵط
ǾصصزԶˣ
͸񣬾ھʮ⣬Ȧ˼Ϊķء
֮󣬱Ҳ޽Ժ˵ǵȵգȥˣˡ
䲻գǱԺҲ޽Ĳˡ
ؼǣ粻֪
סв룬ɿȥ鿴ʱ˵Ժѡ⣬·һƬ

ʱһܣ𾩳ǣ¶ҪƫһЩҲҪ΢һ㡣һлˣ⾩һǲ½š
סҪסһЩ
صΪ޽ԺдĹ͹ڴˡѦɹһϤһԺڴפص⡣
˲֪ж٣ȷǣûԺ˶ࡣ
ھԺʱ˦ЩˣǲǾܵþȣ
뵽дԼһģӰӡ
ҪԾȡ
ԾԲܣЩ˰ߡ
ڵѾǷڲ϶ԹΣ˰ֵĺġ
˵һʲôıˡ
ԲöԷóѡ
ҡ
ˣ»᲻ᡭ᲻Ϊܣ
ҧ´|
ѹŲ·ϵһ
۵ͬʱӽһϲ
ˣѹˡ
װַ֪Ŷͷһֻϰš
ҲȻǰ
磬ô㣿ʮֲ죬ôˣ
˵ҲںŹ˵ôˣҸոպͷˡ
ǿ㣬һΪұ˰أؿڣûãҾͷˡ
綢˻ʲôʵ
Źɶ˵ʲô
ӣƿ⿴ۡ
֡
ӣһƳ
˵ЩֵֹĻ磬ôĶ
ǰûźūźġѾ˾ǣڻ·ϡ

ѰϿ
ҪѰϿȥ
ĬƬ̡
ڻ䣬Դſȥֹ󣬹Щ£ûи߸磿
ûеġ
ʲôֻ֪ǱʶԶ֮Ѧ˰
ӳֵģھǲֵ֪˻᲻˵Щʲô
ʱֲѾˣǱ߲̫ƽ𣿡
Цģ¹عİΣүǾԷϵġһ·ߵǶ˽ӦʹӶУһ·ϻչ˺ùģҵͨݸǱߵҲҶԹ񣬹˳˳ؼҡ
ôҵǲֻ֪ôͻȻİ¡

Ȼûж룺¶үʵǹûа취ˡū澿Ǳ¶ˣѦȫ˲ŰūŪǴӹҪһūףٴϹɾͲˡ
Ҳ֪ջȥô£źȻ£ŵ˹

ô
΢ſġ
ֻʲô֪źá
ҪԲӲ
ôЩƣ΢΢šü磬ƿ͸
Ըʱʮֵ֮ǰûʲôͬ
ԥ¡
ǻ˽͵͵ߵġҪ˿˹
ո˵Ѿ˾ǣ⣬һ˼ҶûУĶܿң
ƣող֪ô˹ȥܣ̽ȥҵҪ衣
˵ǡʵʵƿ˳ӣϵϵϣʵңûд棬ȵˮУ
Ϊѡ
죬̾ˣ⣬㿴Űɡ
ǡ
תƺ복˼䣬Ȼٶȷ࣬Ƶȥ
ǰûҲûˣĺ棬ƺһ
״Ʋڴ棬ɽһ֣һһ
һʢʱڣѹ֦ͷһƮɢ
üֻｫһˡ
ӺǶˮңߵߣֵ˽
ӹˮңЦ׼ϾͲˡ
Һȣֻšմմ죬ﵹ˵㡣
ˮʮֲţܵˮҷᣬ֡
ٶֿ
ָš
Ժ⣬Լص֣һ룬һֻм䣬ǱԺλá
ֻһصľ밡
ûж˵ʲôУһ
죬
硣
ǣ
ӣ˽
кηԸ
סһﵽɫ΢΢졣
ѹ
ոպȶˮ̫
ùˮҵ˵ߣٿʱҲЩΣҪޣĽҰģʵǲ̫㣬Ҫһ̣
Ļ磬ûźߣ֪
һ˵̫ʱ˵Ļ
к󣬸̲ˡ
ҲֻǸ֪µѾߣЩţǣô졣
ǿװŵҿһƬһ֣˵Ҫȥͻͣ
һҵţȥӺ󣬵˿ˣȥޡ

 111 

ͣ
ȥͳ֪Щʲô, , Щջ
˵׶, Ӳ㣬ҪľǺúţ
ǲʲô, ôͣ
Ѿ뾩һʱˣ඼ѲֻΪ棬֪ʲô
߬䣬ᵽɤۡ
ܲܳɡ˲ѵҪ
УĻᣬҲΨһĻ, 뿪ĵ̣ûκʤˡ
˽֦С˵
Ź, ֻܷġ
ǿ, ƿС, Ҵȥȡһ, С˰˽ŵʣ
һ㣬ĽҰ, ·ƽū澵֡
֣СŽŵ
, Щп
û뵽ؼĵȴϡ
ȥ߷̣Ѿһˡһʱ䣬ȥ£֮ǰܾľֻԼˣ֮޷Эìܰˡ
ڣ֣ʵûһˣҶЩˡ
Ц²ܵûǰͨùܾˡ
Ҳ÷ĵģūүָźģߣͲߡĶū澾ͻ̵Ķ
鸴ӡ
еܼ尾Ĳ˵ʱҲĹģźҲãǡ

ǾԲλġ
߰ɡ
֣һ
Ϊ׵ģ⻹ĸСģģϸһܿ
ţ˳ʣô⼸ˣ
粻ֻ͵жЩҴң˶˲ߡȵͷǶʮڵţӶС
Ŷﻹҵȵͷһ˵Ӳ˵׼ĵȫ
ɲǣｿֻһźź򲻺ãҪЩġ·ϣҲί˹
顣
װţҹ£ȥߡ
磬ҿͷɿü
ߣͣԭأȻԼǰ˼
羡ְ𿴣ĻüһЩ
á
̧׼ܣС˺š
ȥźӣĥʲôأ
һ١
󱳳һĺ
ˡ
ôżġ
ɣǾܲȥġ
磬Īúˡ
Ը
ſ˶񣬲Ƽߡ
Ƭ㲻߰š
Щۼž͵Сɽ£޽һС·ûʯ壬ΧŻĲݣϸԤ·
һ
ûдˡ
磬ָָЩ֣Щ֦۶ϣ档
Ȼġ
»񶶿֮䣬۶һЩ֦ǰ
绹֦˳λãԶ
ͣλѾЩˣڵ
ĸһ죬˶ڡ
ϾЩ˵ĻôǾкóһء
ͷ
˳С·ȥıԺ
ԺЩԺ̴ӡ
ʣµģˡ

绹ʵʵһ֦
֦㲻ô֣ͽȥҲô򵥡һѣסıӰ
ΪǸΡ
Ǿôתػᱻͬɡ
ԵĲ˵Ǻܲһû磬ҪߣҲϼѡ
ԥ£ڵϡ
һʯͷûãѡһȻĿ֦
㲻ö֣ǴȥҲǻ۵ġ
ſ֦ԥҧء
ֻôˡ
磬Ǻ˲֪粻һġ˭벻ᱻָ
ս˿֦

վֱδתۻǸ⣬ֳ̧ȥ
ԼҴˡ
ƫ˵ĺǴôһֱһ̱ڵء
һıϢ
ûãֻǻ˹ȥ
˿һģ¿֦ȹתܡ
ܵúܿ졣
һôþȫıܣ֮ǰͱһ𣬽ͷʱ
ΣյıԵܼȫ
Ŷ꣬¶ûвȹʯ֦⻹ǵһΣȹþȫɽҰﱼܡ
ѹúܵͣǰǰ
ǺХķ磬Եһ
ƴƴֻƴܣ
ɽ·᫣Ƶۣû߹·Ь£ʯĽƣۣۡ
һ㶼ͣиһܵȴľǱץȥ
ܹһαץЩ˾ԲڶεĻᡣ
ԾԲܱץȥԾҪܵ
ǰǻҵģֿģڴڴ
أһ춯
׷ȥԲˣ
Ƿˣ
׷ˣ
ҧݣǷ󺰡
˰
ŵ˼£ûô󣬷ϸּ⣬ƽʱʮֲͬ
ˣ±Ժϲ
ˣǹˣұ˰ˣˣѦѦ
󺰣һһߺģּĲС
Ļĺ
֪뵽ҪǱԺûˣϱԺһҲӡ
ǶѾزˣҲҪԼſڡ
Ѿоʹ˻ߵغܳٶȡ
Ѿǰģ
¡

ҭţˣ˰¡
źţҪˣ⣬һᡣ
ú¡
ں¡
ҪڵĻҪڵĻ
㣬ٿ㣬Ͼץˣ
Ǽ˷ֵĳ٣κܵÿ첽Ӵʹ̵ľߵľҲֻԽԽ̡
Ѿ쵽رƴƴ
ˣ˰ǹˣˣ
ԺԺŽǰж̶һ·
͵һᣬݺݵڵء
ץˡ
Ǹ˾ֳץ
ۡ
ץߵĻǲǾͼˡ
Ӧ˱£Ҫһӵġ
ݡ
зһֱֱ֧У룬һˤϡ
죬ûץ
ۣδػ
ǼѾסһмѪһ
ǵģǼ
ˣ
ϸϸһۡ
ĬĬͷ
ϥڵϡ
٣ˡ
ҧŴ
þˡ
ᱻץˡ

Ҫ
Сոպ̫˻ߣɤָƣ˵
û壬һ䡣
˵ʲô
ԼĻڣŬò˵
Ҫ¡
һȥ
᣺¡


 112 

Ժ˲ࡣոպһӵѲ, ʮˡΪů, ֻ, ɨԺŻôˡ
ǻʱ, ˵ֻǿš
ʲô벻
Ŷ񣬷ʱ˶ڶ¡
ÿζڱµһ𡣿ڱ²ڡ
ǣҿˣֻԼС, ǣάһ߿죬ǱҪٶȡ
Ѿиһ۷ȥԺĹ, Ǽ, ȫѺȴ
, ֻԼԴһֱ, 䣬ֱڶڷ
ԴһƬհףʲôû, ֻоԼ׹УҲһ˿ŵ¶ȡ
ֲߵͷǰ, ·õزǣİγǰ
ȫûп
ȫûвǰ·ıʡ
Ѿϥأغμ£
͵̧ͷ
Ϊûסǿټǰһ̣ϵ§ԼС
ǿֱۣͺʵţϤĻ
ˡ
§Сơ
ûôļ
Сֻ뿪ʱΪĵͳ¡
˲ĳӣһƲļһ·׷϶
á
С㹻
ӵһ̤ʵˡ
§ứ
ôãôãͷųĺ¡
¡Һú¡
޵ϸֻèȴôۡ
Һú£¼¡
ıѰϿƾɣǲ˵ġ
ǱһΣûһĻˡ
һֱ¡
ԼߣΣա
Ǵͷβµģ뿪¡
һ뵽һ⣬ͱµ޷
ߡ
޵һһģ½󶼱ʪ
ûǣƥգȴԼŶ
§
£ĨȥᣬҪң۷ʲôҶñ˴㡣Ҷܰӻ
һû뵽Ƽĳô󻼡
Ҳȷ˵
õϢѾʧٰʱԺ
ʱڣӱޣһ·ۣٶߡ
ûԺԾȣǻٳһ㣬ٸһ̣׷ȥ
ȴңվԱ
ĺףḧš
ζԣҲܳİĻУӡ
ԭƽ౧ڻеĸоԸոյ˵ôݳޣô
ͶУʱôģԸȫ
°ͣͷ̧
С޵Ȧˣ۵׻һˮ߹ίؿ
̾ͷȥǿ
ˡ
ؿһʱ֮䶼Ӧ
߻ഽϵ¶ȡ
ΪֻһȴĴȻŲ
¡
δ֮ԣϤ¡
ۣȫĵظİ
ƻ裬ĻУ˫ֽ۲˲䡣
£ûȥˡ
˲䣬ȴŴЩʹѵ·ĥˡ
ĬĬ̧ͷŴ
еۡ
ˡ
¸ոôô⡣
ԭǺأʮ׽⻹ǵһΣƺҧˡ
룬ôģɲܼˡ
ǣ֣С˳
ͬдʹӱԺˣҲϤѺװ·гУȴžĻع顣
ȷ룬Դļѣͷβû̧һ¡
ܵһ·ȴΪСгһֵǣ˷촽ˡ
ĬĶñСȫУ̧ͷʱƺһ˿֡
Сͷ̾
ûпסȡ
ʧˡ
ع·ϣֱӽᱧ𣬶ûκ˿Сﱻ˵Ĵ
ԪУѾڵŽⲽȥڿˣʹһֱ侲Ŀ࣬Ҳ̲סᣬҭ
ڻˡ
౧ţͣ£ȴǿ˿ǵ࣬ˡ
һ뿴ĸϸЩȴûᡣֱӱ˵ڣҽͺţŸ
ֻһЩҩЩУûô̼ҩҩҩԲǿңһʱûʲôۼ
ȻˣҽҲǸ涼ȷǡ
һֱԱ߾ţҽ˵Сȷʵûκ⣬΢˿
ҽҪߣæ˵ҽҵŮٿƺˣҽ
ΪڣýźĿԣ鸴ӣο˷ģū澲ûʲôˣֻСײ£ͺá˱ġ
⻰ŷ
ΪǱЩ˴ˡ
ǣÿˣʵǹⲻȥ
Ȼûˣûʲôҽǿһҩá
ֿµ飬ǲҹﶼҪʡ
ʵҲϡ
ȷˣڡ
ץסָ
̧
ʼն࣬һԲȴ˻Ĵڡ
¡
ͷ
Ҳá

̴Ļ
Ҳá
̧ˣҲãҪȥ桭
Ҳá
°ͣǿӲģĻȴޱᡣ
ûиһȫĻ
ȥ棬ﶼԡʲô
ԣһ̣޺ܿ͸һȫ¡

 113 

һ鷢̫̫Ҳ̫˷Ӧ
˰ҩ, ˯
˯˯, ҹȴ, ٣ȵ뷭
ಢδۡ
һ˵, һ̫̼ıʡ俴ˣɵлµá
ĺ󱳣ԡûˣ˯ɡ
ۣ˯ƺܸо˵İξѹֺͿɲƺ˵Ϣ£ʧˡ
ҹ, ˯̤ʵЩ
һţࡣ
Ĳ, , ȫ, һҹǿȡ
ȴ, ҹ
ֱڶ죬ʣյ׷ʲô
ʱſ, һ᷿У᷿⻹С, Ƽô֣ôߵģ
˵Ҳ˵̫
ʱҲҩѵʱѾȥһӵʱ䡣ûеһ㹤ڵһʱȷӶˣ˻ع߱£Լ᷿Ѧ̲̽ôһ¡
°ߺ󣬹رƫţһɳ顣
ӣλⶼҹ壬ֻһƷŮ٣ѦҲƷݵͣȴò·ϣˡ
֪ǸУŮԺﶪˣˣﻹ˵Լ棬ȫϣһɲԶͳһѦº;
ãһ
·ͻȻ޵úòңҲ֪ڸг£ǱĵȻĲġʹ£Ҳ߶˵ˡ
ƼƼŮУÿնӳȥЩ߲˹ϹѾͷ
Ѧ˳صȥŲ˳
Ųӣ˳
Уһ˲˴˴ε顣
һǳĳһɨѾͷһǿŵĴү
ֻ̰ͼһǮƣ˵ҪˣǰŸĹ˵͵棬׼˶һ·ˣƼ˳Ӻ뿪
ŵɪɪڵϿ޵ú캰ء
ڳ̿ˡ
Ϊ̰ͼǮƣԼе˶˵飬ùܳĹ˰ˡ
ⲻǰ˽ȥ
侲ѦҪҵһ
ߣΪƼΪǶ֪
ϾΨһһĿ࣬ȴΪЩ룬̫˵Щʲô
¹ȷʵö֪
ûһ׼ȷķôң׸ʲô⡣
رճš
Ѧ뵽һ
˹֣үӣ˱°ߣھѰЩʱ򣬿뿪˾ǣͲˡ̹رճš
Ҳûκ顣ں޲̳ƽƽͻȥ
á
·ӣѾٶȹر˳š
ɵǳˣ°뿪ǳţҲǸոչȥûһʱ䡣
Ѧ·ǰŸѦھǳűţһҲŹ
Ǳʱڣҵһ
ȻĻȱʱʱϵ̫ûκΰ취ˡ
ǰдҪӣӹ۷ӵʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ȴѹһӡ
Ϣ෽ʽֻӱޣһ·ۡ
ſŵѦ£¸׼ػֻԸأ̿š
£ҪҪڳѰСˣ
á
ޣĿ⾼ųš
ֻһ϶̴
ȽѦֻ࣬Сﶯֵ˭
°Ҫȥ
ûһ˿һĳԥûκεѡǿż侫׼ֱʱڰС
еĽȣʹ˵Ҳ޷ܵʱڳĽš
ֻ֪ƼҲץסˡ
ˡ
˽յİҩźˣ˵ˣƼǣѾУȺˡ
кһǣҧøԸԡ
һƼһ硣
ɵƼ˵ô࣬ΪҪͺãǸû뵽ֻΪʱ䣬ľԡ
óˡ
簡
ֻ˵ǣͬվѾúܺˡʼգ֪ԼʲôһжǷġ
С
뵽ʱε磬ݵĲ͵Ƽ̾һ
֪Ϊʲôˣǲܳ׺
б̣
ˣĬƬ̡
ˣƼﲻ̣ҲԳס
͵̧ͷ
ū澵ϢƼ֮ǰ̶գӹѾˣǺúţҲԳá
˶˵οʱƼҲǲеġʱƼԻˣ˽ǣƼ򱻴һ
Ѱ˼ʱǶ֪ƼﱻĵطƼ¾ˡ
ҧŴ
ȴû뵽ǲ룬ͲСƼȴ³֮󣬱˵һⶪķֽ˺÷顣
ɻã
̲סʡ
ƼʮָӡĽãᣬٵͬ鵼Ƽһ·ߵڣô˵ʲô
ôͺúõģߵһˣ
ˣƼǹؼˣûвˮʯ֮䣬ǲµġҡƼôҲżҵŮǿ˺żҵϣҲƼаϵ
˵Ҳǡ
ƼţϷһŮΪˡʲôһǶϷˣ뵽Ƽ¶ܡ
˵ƼձҵʱѪһأЩľȲˣڵʱҽҲڣ˳־סٶģҲûˡ
ƼΣš
ĻǶ̶գӹͻˣֱһʧѪ࣬˷飬ʮгõԺ
ͬ硣
ֻǰһӣŴģ¸ʲô֢״ᣬû˽ǵģҲѵÿ졣ЩˣɽһžͽˣһͬΡ
Ƽţѵģѵģһֱڿޣ仰˵ϡŵ޵ѾߣûϱߵĻҶ̡
Ͳͬˡ
Ƕǳ𣬾һֱʡ
һסˣûʲôôģ˾ˡ
ҪʵģǸСˡ
С˵Сˣɸ߶꣬鶼ھȥ˵֪ı˶ö࣬Ҳûд
С˱Щ˵ҪĹĶࡣ
ѶһҹҲû¶֡
ֻ֪ǼûΨǸСˣѰ죬Ҫ
Ҳûǰôԣڵ棬Ҳܶһ㡣
һ㣬ԼµСˣıһ֪ߡ
ӱ°ߵȻأȫ̲һʱ֪˳ǹУû©
Ҳ֪ôģ̫ȴһЩ񣬴ǰŮ˵Щ̫һСС⡣
ʵûо̫ȥҳֻŮٴһ׻ǰ̫ȥ
һ⣬ٻЩ
˵Ƽͻżңȴ̫ʱҲЩ̫
ʵġ

֣һУҪıĴ£ƼƼӦڷңúúõģͷյһЩԹټҲܺЦѡ
ƫ컯ŪˣΪ̰ҲΪƼССͣͲಡ齡
ЩܵģЩһֱƲ֡
඼С
Ҳ֪Ĳҩҽ
ƼżҵŮͺðˣƫΪżҵŮС˷
УཫһװСУݸڵǰѦ
ţˡ˶٣˵꣬дһݻ
Ѧûжֻʵʵߵףǡһ
һǰѾԪר˶֪Ѧߵ
µǰ˵ʲô󹬣
ѦҲûж룬˵İȫǸȶһͷ¡
ѦԪҲˣԪй˹ϵǢ֪ˣСͥţСŮǰȥͨ
ṳ̂ԪڣѦ߽󣬷ֵһӵҩζ
ʱЩ졣
ȻѦأͷȥ
Թԣϴμ棬Ҳһ£ôһôࣿ
Ѧӡ
ˣ·һŸ
ͷ̫á
ԴǴγºʼնЩǳǳĲʣӳˣЩ²üϣѾЩˡ
ֽӹǳЦ鷳Ѧһˡ
ӦõģӦõġ
ѦŵȺ
Լȡ۾΢΢
ŷϵ֣Ϥġ
ȴž͵ּ
һݴѰϿս
սҲܸ
ֻԥ£żȻǱ²ģôȻްġ
Ҳָ֪µУдʲôսֵˡ
һæ
ẓֻ́ܶбһҳ
ȥԾʺ򣬹ս۵ģҲ򵥵ļˡ
ɾ̵ļ䣬ǹȾ¶ȡ
˵սۣʤ٣Ѿƽ׸ݣдŵʱƽľѾɾžӣѾ̤
ľӼҲֻžͼЩɾˣž͵ľҲһֱǴƣδõоֱֵˡ
ƽѾʧȥսˣֻʣؾ밲Ҳǰˡ
̤ʵȥſ顣
ˡѦֵȣֻ˻һǷϣ̲ס˵·Ըˣ˵˿ţ˸»һš
Ҫţдʲô
㶡
ѦҲ֪˭֪ºֻʲô
սҪ˾սдţ
ѵҪʲô˵ľʦ
Ѧ㲻ʲô
˰죬Ҳףս⣬Ҫдʲôš
ʾ֭òд˴ҹֽսһ·С
սԿһʱ⵽ǾеĶ껹ҪģԲԪá
ػ֪ġרŶѦ
ҽս˻ȥȥڱ˵ǷݣҸµĻţǷݣս
ѦʵʵԪ֮䵱Ÿ롣
ôرǰͺ󹬣ֻΪ˸º˻š
Ѧصʱ̲ס룬ʲôʱˣܿŸ֣רˡ
˰ʱȵ˻š
īŸոո͸һīŨ˱Ƕ
࿴ݡ
ȻЦˡ
СȥսΪġ
սҼƽֳƽһжҪġ
Сʲôݣ
һ˵սǾ˽ܣǺŮ죬ÿʺ׼ˣҲܸж֪ǲõģʱ£սҪʲô

ҪСһο壬ģֳˡ
أӶǴ
Ȼ뵽ˣǺβͳȫ
ҹ
ںҩ

ҩҩҩһֱûжϹҩ
빬Ժҽ˸ֵҩ˿һ꣬ػصĶҩ
ϵζҪѬҩζˡ
໹һȰš
˽˲٣Ǹҩúò
ҳŲһ𣿡
Ĳˡ
ֳ̾һˡ
벻ҩ
ˡ
һţϵҩζ
¡
һ࣬۾һҪƿҩ룬װӭӡ
һ۾ܿ͸СͼĮְ˰ȥ
ҩ
ҩζأѬˡ
Ҳ¡

ԣȺҩҩҸһϢ
Ϣ
Ȥˡ
ÿ˵кϢûƭ
⡭
ҩ
ˡ
̧ҩ룬ɴˡ
ҩʱ˳ָһǡ
ˡ
һЦ
Һˡ
á
൭
֮ǰ˵սҪд
Щ顣
ֱͦ˱
ǰ
ʵҲǲ֪ҪЩʲôݣ뵽սֶײǸøġ
ϴ
ѵҪ
ǲ˵ǺϢ
̫Ũĸ͵ϢǣҶĴ˲ͬ
ȴЩɣֱ˵
ʲôͬ
˵ǹ빬ǲط
͵һ
¡Ҫˣ
ЩãȻ
˵Ҫһ
Ҫ빬ˣ
Ц
Ҫ㣿ⱲӶܡ
⿪յס
Ϣǣ޷ȥŸ㡪ع
лҪ˵ǵǵǵģ׼Ȣϱ

 114 

һξġ
Դžǰƽս, ѾǼµʱ䡣
Ǳߵս, ֪ľһһݴսĽݱ
ŵʿŸͷ, һһŴݣа޲Цտ, ׷׿ҫεСԪ˧
ʮǰŹеԪ˧ʮǰаʧȥһλս޲ʤĴԪ˧ȴʮӭԪ˧ĳӣСԪ˧˸׵², սʤҰʮĵ
ԪԺĳߣһѳ֦Ҷï, Ҵڳ, ˮ, Ҷˮȥ, Ȧ
ʳͶȥ÷ཱུĺβ;ι, һȺʳ
Ų٣  ûһһġ⵱СŮ, ææվ
̧ͷСŮǰǰϥ
ˣ룡
˹֣ӸģСŮЩżͰ˵ˣ΢΢Щ¡ڵأ
֡еСŮҲ֪ģÿˣǵҲСŮߵż
ĪǱµʲôҪ¶
ʵǱǶʲô´ţ
ʶˣţСŮڵźģƽԪȵĻƶֲô֪ڵء
ˣСŮȴϵܶԴ𣬡µȷżյһսյսūǰȥ
һͣ˵ߡ
յȹһȹŲ٣һȹɴҡΣͣϢ
˲죬˸߸ߴɡȥ档
ֳšü룬׷ʲôһսñô
ѵǡžͳˣ
롣
ֻôһ룬о޷ܣܵؾסߴٵһЩٿһЩȥ
һֱеӶʵͰͣ޼ԲĶָ׿ģһʹ̼
ĽŸȾЩǣŲԽԽ죬һ·ţʹ
һΣ˲Ųյһʱ䡣
ͷѾһ㱡ĺӲȥ
⣬ڵⲶ׽ɲһԪĲ죬ͣ
밲
˰á
ȹСܶ룬Ŀһɡڶ̶̵һ·ա
£
ƫҵࡣ
齣һڿС˳̧ͷ
ȥСʱܸо˲١
ŮŲҴҶϥ۰ͰͶеš
¼żңǡǳʲô¶
ʳȻЩ𰸣ŵָͷ
״ֽ̧˹ͬһս̯һ𿴡
һ𣬷ϲðˡĹŮô˵ģŵˣ
ϲã
̤ʵˡ
ˡ
СŮȻǲ֪ʲôϾ뵽˲õ飬ԼԼˡ
Ҳ֪ôģЩµϢʼӡţôܷ
ϲõĻʵͷ˿
һ𿴡
һݶ̶̵ս
ݲ࣬һ۾ͿҪһ䡣
ȫʤչ鳯
ӮˡǡӮˣ
Ҫ𣿱£һжҪ𣿡
˷ܲѣزסԼϲã۵ĿģôŨҡ
ĺס
ţҪˡ
սսţսĺܶϢﶼûдݳеУֻҪϢ
󷽷øˡ
Ҳİ֡
ֻǶ̶̵ļ֣ȥ顣
£šԪ˧ǲҪ׼سˣʲôʱ
㡣
ź׼а¾ܻؾˡ
òģ߶ţǵҪЩóԵģսУҲԲʲôóԵġǶˣ
ֳˡ
úúУ£ǿʲôĺöԸ𣿡
ԣ಻ɫһۣʲôԼǡ
ȫûвһ۵ĲͬĻϲһʤˣսƽžͰʦسһжˡ
⵱Ҽǵˡ
С
࿴Ļϲģߣֶ˶١
ʲô

ĬƬ̡
ûʲô
˹˵ž͹żҡ
ã
һɶûУͷ
ż£ػҲˡ
Ѿ֪ţžͳ֮꣬żҪһˡȥؾҪʱ򣬺ż˼棬һ
˭֪ӦĿ죬಻̫ˡ
ôȲ
ؿһۡ
Ǳ˵֮ǰ˵ˣ׼ˡ
˵ţ΢΢ü
ȻˣȥżңƱػƼ
ƼԴһΣͻżҺһֱಡ齡
ٲܲʣҲ֪һЩ
ְܹ̣һᣬֵסˣױȲôǰһͲŸжãڴϵʱжá
˵ƼԼЩ£ɵּвС
ûЩµûš
һ뵽Ƽϵϲþ˼֡
֪ΪΡ
Ȼˣ㹬ʰţž͵־죬һȥ
յս춼㡣
һһѮҲˣҡȣ̰ͼһݱƫȰȰƳЩӡ
ΣҡӳӣʣȥŵС˿ɻˣտо
ӹеҡţЦ԰꣬˵⼸죬׼ȷҲûжôżֻƽԼ缸콹ǰˡſģСԪ˧Եͨˡ
ô˵Ҳ֪֪
ȥɡ
̧ô˵Ҳܾã̽
ūȥʣ
ʣʣ˳ץһѹӸֻ࣬С˾ͺڹţǶͤôǶȵԿǰǡ
ΣҲֻӦˡ
ǣūȥˣҲЩ˯һ
˵ȷ׷˸ǷС˯Ƭ̡
ƺ˸ʲôΣﻹԺأȴʲôڽ
ᣬһһ
ˣˡ
˸խխأǲ㷭ŵͷһ뵹һɨա
ôôˣ
˸Ƿȴǿǰϲ
ūϲ˵ġ
СԪ˧ոѾ빬ˣ
лҪ˵죬ҪӢһ
ûУ͵û˵QAQ

 115 

ԴӳϦ֮ҹ, ƽ췴, Թ˵, ѾڲжȹСͷߴؾ, һ·϶ڰյĻнء
ߵžʹСӣһ˶֪£ص˾С
δжȾ빬ȥ
ʱžѾ˹ôôãǱһ˯ˡ, ž͹ʱҪȥſӭġ
ѾˣҲ, ֻÿױ, , Ҵȥ
ǹѾ֪ϲѶ, ˹ŮһϲãЦϥӭ
˰˿˵СԪ˧빬ˣӱСԪ˧, ƫȵȺ򣬻ǣ
ģǸ̵Сˡ
, ʣɻбˣ
ˣлаͥ״ڡ
ĵϲ֪ͥҲڵʱ΢侲¡
ðɣаͥڣû취ֱȥ
ԾСȥƫҺš
˵ǺţҲֲ
ţаͥڣž͸ջҪºúûرһеģһʱǽˡ
Ҫ͸Щʳĺá
뵽˳ž͵ķȥ롣¶ھӪسԲһЩʱʵʱ
߿û׼ȫСһңҿõ̫ˣʩչͷԸˣȥŷʵ߲׼Сʳ
ߵĻ˿ҲǹĹϹࡣѡһ׼
֦磬Ǳţһ̣ȥǣַԸŮЩȡ˱
ڲ֪ҪãѾֱ֦Ӽ̫˱裬ѱ档
ŷٶȸ죬Ϣ֮䣬ʮֲͬʱСˡ
һֱţиʲô߸
ֵȣԹƫЦ˹
Сĸ밲ˣºλ˵˻ͥ׼֪˿Ҫȥ˵𣿡
һͥҪߣɶˣ˵ӽȥͷҰһ£׼СҸºԪ˧׼ЩСʳ
˴̰ţֻȹǽЩʳ֦ͽȥԼںЦȥ
˭֪һȥȴůСž⣬ͥҲǶ²ضСϵС˺֦
֪ܷǳնҪһʱˡ
ı˵Ϻá
һ٣͸֪ˡ
ֻžǸʵˣ֦Щü
£ŷôƷ
Ƴ۰̫ͥͣɼžѾԥֻ˵
ϲЩ
һģžģһɨգס
Ȼ˵գҪһˡ
ôȣ˻ڳæµЩˡ
žͿЩдѾӦʵȥʱ;˵λ빬ˣڳ
ЩȻҲ׼ġ
ôһ룬žҲЩꡣúõСΪֺñ£ڳЩʵࡣ
żңǲ̫żˡ
žš
֪һ֪Ȼ֪ž׼Щ
ôһ룬Ǻžͬв̫
⣬ררŸž͵ģӴ˰ͥ졣
ʱǻ䡣
Ƴ۰ͥ΢΢졣
Ǳ˰ͥˡ
ˡ
ʱ͵иһ׼ݣһҲ޷
ôǱĳӣǿսƽġ
¡
ԥ£¡
Ȼž͡
žѾеף΢Ц
ȥžʱڵһЩȥûôѾ佫ѪϢ
úϸ£žƺûˣûлӰ쵽ˣʵ˿
ϲԪ˧ʤ
ᣬЦøǰͥδ
ڽˡ
ǼУΪžսϣ˯ãʱʱͻμһЩԽܵ顣
ãһжǼٵģžƽˡ
˰£ֻžͣļˣȷƽû˵˳ȥ
һˣĿ̫ˡ
ֻҪۼž͡
뿪ȫ̵עžϣûз΢ı顣
ܲ
صԪȥҲϲ̵׼š
žͶˣϾҪż˰ɡ
ȥżһ죬߰죿
ʰ·Ҫ׼Щʲô
̫˽⣬ֻǵõԼ׼ѰϿʱÿŹСŮǣе˽Ʒȫʰװ
ҹˬҡӣѾ׼߰˿ؾЩԡ
ͷ׼ôĶȥˣż˵
ĪΪԺżסˣ
ɲ̫С
ûøżѹˡ
׼ͣȴŴ򿪣ǰŵƣ
ԼҪʲôӭȥ
£
̧֣Ҫ޽ǣȴµ߰˿ֶסˡ
죬ۣΣա
ʰȥżң
ûĲԾʵʵͷ
ѽֳˣ²˵˵ҾһȥżѾ׼ˡ
в졣
˵ģµȷҲǰ뷨ȥߣǼСôôôأ
ʰô࣬׼ȥ죿
ʵʵش𣺡ûأΪأ
ΪĿɨЩģҪһȥء
ӡ
Ȼʰ̫ˡ
ЩȫλҪȥżҿԣʰѴžǡ
룬һҲС
¶û·ô졣
׼õЩ࿴ۣҲûʰǰЩţֻȡЩõó
̫뷨࣬ȴ˵ʰҲպãʱȫˡ
ȫ
죺Щ׼𣬺Щµء
䲻ˡ
໷һȦȻпϲ
ˡ
£ĪҪᣬһסҲҪҾҪ
룬ԪСһҲԡ
СסˣҲá
УǾġ
ΪʰװȥŸСȴôҲȥֵ죬ž͹ҼϢ֮ž͵빬ӡ
֪ҪžӣЩš
£һ˶֪ҺżҵĹϵˣ
վ£ǿ࣬⻹СŮ
ҲûȥԪȴž
ǹء
֣˹˵ŮӹңɸǰӭӣӭԹ飬ٲá
֪أЩãȻ
Ǳ¼Ȼô˵ǶȻûдġ
Ҳʵʵš
ʱԪſսµžͣһ򵥵뵱ʶʱһģһ
Ǹʱžֻͣһֵİˣڵžͣҵİ֡
¡
žͶ๪
û뵽ȻԳУѡˡ
Ҳʮֵĸӡ
Ȼࡣ
ʮŮһһȹż򵥵Ĵ٣ЦʱȫȻǼõǡ
žͱࡣ
ؼҡ
лҪ˵ȣˡ԰QAQ

 116 

, ʰ˼򵥵, ֻſŮ˹, ɴżұǵ
žнˣ¶˵żҵ˽, ɵв֪˫۾һֱšž͵ͣڹſڣк˴һճȹЦž͵˳
˶켫ˡ
ӹŵżңȻҲҪݳӵʱ䡣
ϣҿ
ոžʱ˵ˣרŸ׼ģԺ, ˡ
ϸĳУ濿϶ŷس
ڻ÷һС, , , ׼ɽ髸ɹС, һ״ɹУһ衣
Σ͸¶Ų˵ϸġ
, ƿ⿴ۣѾʻ֣ҹսȥ, Ȩ֣ס˲ѫŵڡ
žһࡣ
̫ˡ
żԪ˧ĳӣͬʱҲ´ʤ̹СԪ˧˶͹ʱΧ۹ʹûһս£һǾаϤģһ۾ϳ
ᣬϴĵšš֡
СԪ˧СԪ˧
Ԫ˧԰ӲҪǮ
ǰžͳϽ֣һ嵭Įû˸ǰա
ɺˣǴʤֽ̣ӵã˷ϲ£žͿţ˵Ҳࡣ
ñСԪ˧Ļηİǣ˲˲١һ·кʺġ
ҹս˸֣ûЩͷβİգ˲ٸӵܡ
սЩŮȴ֪ôأ岽ܼЩŮԼ⣬۰Ͱš
֣
Уһ֪ͣͷԼֳǱ˸
ŵˣǺžʶ꣬ȴô죬û˵ɰͰָָʣִӹô
ž͵Ļش̡
š
ҧЦ
־һش˭Ķû½Ӱ
ȻͷǸ·ҲӲסûһǰߡ
һͣʱΪˣȴִ˶Ի
֣ǽʲôˣ
һûкѵĴȤӵԴ
ž͵ĻشԵˡ
ãչҡ
ӳĬƬ̣ŶŶҵˣϲϲ
죬׷ʵãȷ
žЩ͡
ãã
ȴ˵ʲôϵò𣿡

ãͷɹʱǵôñ
ͷһһأǹϵģҲ͸ӣЦˡ
˺Ҫ˵ʲôž
һʱȴûؼңҰݷá
ôһ˵Ҳͷžͣÿǹˡ
һ·ͣͣһͣʱû˰죬ȵӱžֶ
ɣҷ㡣
ǡˣ
ȹž͵ֲŽŵģŸš
⣬һżǵƽǡ
򿪷ŵſ̨£Ѿںˡ
һ۾ͿŶˣߵģ͸ͬĶɡ
żҵġǡ
Ŷ˲̫ЦˣЩ΢ŴǣȴЩӲЦ⣬ȴֵ˴ɢ⡣
ǵȵˡ
ĽţŶһУˡ
ţˡ
ߵسŶЦЦ
Ŷ£Ȼ૵ȻŮӰڡ
Զָľž͵ĸˡ
ŶˣŵǼɣżҵáʹĶʮ࣬Сģ¡
ûˣɹˣЩȥĸˣ˼ǳ̫ɹûӳӭĵǰûóĸżˣżá
ýɡ
һŶγѣÿԥ£֡

Ŷ˽š
żҵѾûд򿪹һλŮޣҲȥ˼¡żҵһϢ͸˳ƵĴõǡ
ǰŸŶ˴żŽȥžв˵õϢ
Ÿ˲࣬򵥵ʹˣЩֻġѾ٣һռ˾ЩǵżҾʿ˻ǼûˣֲʲôӪԸģԾżҷ̡
żҶԼҾӳ˺ƴǣκһҪ̹ЩǾģԽʮֵҳϡ
ڣѰ˼ҶҪĿһԺģżҶҪϾ˼ңҲһԺӷ̵ĶǾˣܴ
żҲв࣬ش󷽣佫ҵӲʡ
ķĸ֣û̫Ĺɵʵ޻ļ򵥡˵ʲôǱ˼ûеģǾԺ⣬ټһ䳡
һб˼ͥԺ䳡¶ǱӣС
䳡ʱ۶𾪡
̫̫Ӳˡ
ԭżңżҡ
ӵģżҵļֵǡ
Ǻ䳡ķʮϣһ۾ܸоġ
ֽʮ壬żһĳ֡ҲǰԺͺԺ֮Ĺš
ĸ͵ˣȥɡ
ԺԺϷ˵Ժӡ
Ŷ˵֣Щţʱž͸ڼߣס
²£ԼĸģԼҵˡ
һŶ˵󣬿Ǹ߸ߵż
Ŷһ㰵ɫӣ
ĸףǼҵĹˡ
лҪ˵һ
˫ģ

 117 

ǼϷ˵ġ
һμʱ, ϷΪƼ, ʱ»Կ, ⽫ȥ
ϷҲһʮŮӣᵽĺ, ϶ܿĸ㡣
ҲЩµġϷˣûзһء
ڲһˣϷˣĸ
һμϷˣһոµϻɫͷĨһЦǶ, ֡
ԶҵĹŮ
һȰĻ, г̤ʵˡ
ӭȥ, Ϸ˵, ߡ
ĸ
ñط, ǳƱҪͷʹһɡ
ϷǸ޵ģϲôڱ, ֪ˣףĶǻϲ, 㶼޲
ǿ޲Ϸ˽ʱʧõأĿ΢ᡣ
Ϸ˽֣߬һЩӿɳԵúã˯úá
Ϊ֪ڹУĵҲʲ˵ЩǲίˣˣһС⻰Ҳ˵
˵껰Ϸ˾֡

ĸߵ磬һˣཫֳżҵĸҪúл
֪ġȻ֪Լ˵ŸĶˣΪΨһһŮ죬ƴżңȴԼУȥ飬ϵˡ
תŶһ
ˡ
Ŷ֣죬ֻ˵һ䣺ࡣ
ŸУֻϷ˺Ͷˣ඼ֵͬǡ
ŸĶɹһ֣Сʱûסֻ
žֺͣ֡
ֺΪ£ֻ˰ꡣδмվһ𣬵ʮֵơ
ºˣҼҵûˣԺȥ棬ҲЦˡ
СҲƫЩʱֱӴͳһС
ƣֵܴӹŪϺ䣬ûĥԼϲʲôʽģȥδ
Цۡ
ºˣˣż˶ţ
ͷСǱֳҲΣ˽ֻ࣬˳ҪѺǰ
Լ˵һ඼
Ҳ׼С
ϷʹˣȫЩ˼һʲôûǵ飬⼸ҲûţϷ׵һһ߶Լַƣ֮֡
˵Ļ׸̫˼ԼЩÿ˶˵ϰԣ׼һʮϡ㡣
ֳǣ֮ǰǶģ䰮ãһ
˶͵֣Ψžлǿյġ
СЦŵ˵žͣôǲǸ׼˱ģۺ죬˼ó
ֵһ졣
ǵģҡû׼á
ģûиž׼
ǵϲöͨžֳǶģԼǳãģ
ѵҲһϲãʵ벻ܸžʲô
ôһ֣Լֳûˡ
ž͵ǲ
ˡ
ȫˣУһݡ
ͱĲͬһֻһ˿˵Ҳɣڹٻ˼Ҳʲôõľ
ԥܾãûпڡ
ż׼µͥԺڵŸĸͥԺԣǴȥͿʼѾȻһ£ⶼʰˡ
һͥԺʮֵľɱ£һɽϷ飬ͥԺ΢ļɽˮŴ
ͥԺõᣣǽɵƷ
˴еͥԺҪϸ¡
żҵǣ򵥵ʢ˥һҶɣֻŮ졣ס߳˿Ů⣬˲ˮѾ߶Ҳ
ž˵ǼЩ겻̫ѾߣߵĶСˣЩʲôҲ͵ǡ
Ѿ߼ϷȣģƼߡ
Լסһҹвͬȥ˯š
һҹΣԺǰԺıûӦͲˡ
Ѿˣǵһؼң˼˯ÿ
żңͷʱԥ£ÿ˸ٺ٣ֻһ仨ˬˬأκθռǵС
ˣȴ֪Ҫʲô
ǿˣǲҪȥĸ밲
Ȼ򣬾˵Щʲô
ʵǸڱһ࣬û밲ʱ䳤ˣͲǵûء
ʵҲÿ첻ȥԺǰȻ̵أȥš
Ѱ˼ʱ仹磬׼һˬڵϺ࣬װʳС
îʱ룬Ժָ·ʳȥϷ˵Ժӡ
ߵԺſڣŲһ١
ȴԺһߣһŮ
Ƽ
ЩӲƼƺˡ
ԴӻżңһֱڲУӼ԰糿ȴûа㳯ŴϺѪɫ
յ糿ˬƼȴǹһ
Ǵ÷硣
ƼҲ
죬ۣϥ
㰲
ȴȥ˵ڶݣֻżҵˡ
±Ƽ˰꣬ƼǸеŮһȷû
ֻӦ
Ȼ
Щ鷳
Ƽȴתߡ
һ£ЩãȻ
㡭㲻ĸ𣿡
Ƽûת
ĸнڣҪҵġ
ҲģҲͽʲô
ˣﶼľģٵľǼٵġģʹʹǧҲò
ȵȡ
Ҫߣʹ˸ɫ
˿װڳУƼ
ҹң׼ĶȻңҲøС
Ƽתǲ졣
ҵģ
Ƽ߻нӹĬá
л
Ƽɫʵãֻôվ˻ͷͳ麹
һ´ûټĻˡо仰һҪ˵ڡ
⡣
ʲôûټĻᡭ뵽Ƽӹǣһ⡣
ʮŮġʵ̾
ƼЦЦ
Ҿ
Ҳһ죺ĸѡķ˺ܺáҵˣˣ˲Ҳҡ˵Ҫһؼȥ
û뵽ģʵ˵ϲ˺ܺá
Ƽھֳûа˵ҪƼʱˣҲ˻صӰЩˣ˴Ӿнߣȥûĵط
˵ʵһ˺١
ĸȷĸƼѡĺ˼ҡ
ԵˣƼûżҳҲܻסġ
ƼЦݣȻϥ
ԳܣСʼɣ˴¡֮ΪĶֺ㡣
ֱǸˣҲԭ£ֻҷϡ
ƼѾˣһٴġҲñ˶
Ĭһ
ףǰƽ
˵ݵĻˡ
ƼЦ
ǰƽͲˣҾҶ꣬ҷ
˵գƼվֱ壬ϴŽѵЦݡ
㣬˺һףһаá
Ƽߡ
ҲˣĶɣ峺ǸõģƼվ࣬ʶࡣ
Ƽ뵽ƼķҲǸϵˡ
֪żҵŮˣϾƼߡһƼۣһ棬βڱƼ
ţȻ֣ˡ
ǱµĻǲǻô᲻ᣬ
뵽ص䣬һ⣬СŮȥС
ϵ²Ŵ򿪣ȥûһһš
£ˡŹżҹһš
Ȥӹţ
ֽտյģһīûУֽһ򿪣һź춹
ź춹Цˡ
Сˡ
лҪ˵Ƕ
ɣ

 118 

žʤ̶, ؼ, ⶼǴϲ, Ϸֱӿ, 棬ʽڡ
ɲС£ͷżҸ׼˶֪żҵСŮҵˣžѾ˼ңϾҪڡСŮǵ˵ɻˡ
˾żҵŮ, ˵˭š
ôܾأһҳ֮ң֮, һϻ, Ȼһӳģ
Щһֺ, һ߱СŮݵˡ
ͷ, żǰ˵˲õĻˡ
һӣŪþﲻȨ˼ң˼, ޲ðڸ
ͷôģżûжܡֻǸ˼ȥ֪Щ˼, ԼСŮˡЩ˼ңҲ׼
ãơ
һȹ޽һС׻ױ
磬ȴϷרԸˡ
ӳûмĸһʮأңһμ棬ҲҪúùһĸøĸ֪ؼˣȴһ׮ǣҡ
ȥͥԺеȺžҲͬһ£һТĬڳ
żҵһǿǳʮżҾ¡
һ㣬ڹŵλ
ϵ£żҵĸ棬һֱԪ˧ŷˣ༸λΪżжŮ졣
ССڣżΪսļ֤
Ϸ˵㣬ú㣬¡
ɣǵİˡϷַŶϱλ⺢ӳúܺãƢԺãǵŵСԶôûа׷ѣ˻ƽˡ
ϣ۾ǰ湩ϵλ
ڣżеĳһ˫˫۾͸λڿ
ҲĬĬš
ˡ
žͼֲиѰ£֮ȻԵ£ʮ꣬ǻˡ
żҼ棬ǵ˵棬ıϡ
䰲
һֱ֣ˡ
żҴϲڿˮ磬καֻͣҪ߹ϲһżСŮҴϲͿԡ
ߵ̰ڵ̫ˣҪżϹϵģϹϵģ׷׶Ŷǰףء
ϲ£ûаϵģ߶ǿͣҲͳżʮֵһʱ䡣
Щд˾ǣɻһ˼ңд
ǴӹгֻҪɵģ֪żŮˣ檡⵽檣ûĵ
ʴżдͣҲû¶ˡ
Ҳ֪Լ⣬ֲأȴϷߵѾҴҵأ˸
Ϸ롣ǰü͡
ͣ
˾䣺˺ͼʲôϵ
Ѿһһۻش𣺡ҦңҦ̫Ҧ̫ˣҦɣҦҹһҡūźУҲδ
㶡
Ҧҡ
Ҧң
ң
Ҧ̫վӣվУйɽˮ
ҦϷӹǲã۾ֿסȥȫ̿Լţסʣأҵİأ
Ϸ˼Ŷ겻׼ôģҲ̾ҦϷ˵֡
Ͻ㣬㿴壬ŵȰɡȻ
Ҧ̫Ҳ֣ӷϷ¡
ʲôڼֲܵ侲һ㡣
ҦϷ˿ɲҦ̫ӣֱ˵żò㣿һû˯컹û·³˴ϣϴѾȥû𿾣Ÿһأʹ°ϲ㣿
Ҧ̫Ƥһæţ㣡˵ЩΣҲǣҪݷ׼ңעڰˡ
ǰעڣ޲ɸſżǽͷҵİǲǹˣ϶ˡ
Ҧ̫ûش
죬Ų鲻ԸŮʲô˶ν
ô˵Ҧ̫ǵã֪Ϣʱе𾪡
ȥȥ糯ڸ塣˴¸ȭʦȭţϢǿһЩ
ˣҦ̫鷳û¶͸٣һǲ١˶ΪҦ̫ʹӹǲˣšʹΪżСŮ֮ĹϵֵǷ꣬ҦҲûеõʲôϢ
һżҿˣҦɲŴӱǶõϢһˣ˵븸
ԼŮ˵ĺӣʮǰҦϷĲϷˣһŮһŮһ˫۾ҪϹˡ
֪ҪһˣϲʤڸȲס̣׼ҪżҼˡ
ˣ
ſڵӺһȻЦӭЩ
ȹżžͣǶˡ
ϷˣˣоҦ̫ҦϷˣҦɺҦҹӡ
Ҧ̫ǱֺҦϷ˵ģſڵת
ҵİ𣿡
ҦϷ˲ΡΡ֣ŬҪǰȴģһţ塣
һᣬǰԼȥҦϷһ
ǰˡ
ԥ£ȴûƺ̧Ϸˡ
ĸϷ˵ĸǳҦ֮ĹϵҪ˿źá
游˾ˣ֡
˳Ϸ˵Ļκš
ĸ游˾ˣ֡
ҦϷɿԼ֣§һٿޡ
ҿĺӰҵİĸ㣬ﰡ
ĸС۾
Ҧ̾˿Լסתͷ˵ãȰȰĸˣ۾ã޲á
ףҦϷˡ
ĸһˣҲϲ£ĪҪˣ޵ܡ
ҦϷæĨȥᣬ֣߬ãĸˣĸҪ˫۾ԺҪǰ
游һ㣬˶ˡ
Ҧ̫촽˶죬ϥ񣺡游
Ҧ̫ǸƤһɿ
ţúӣͺãͺá
ʱһʱ죬ԼŮԼŮΪ˱˸˻
ôһ룬Ҧ̫Ϊʹ졣
ͳôһŮڼгżҲãҦҲãôúûΣҲԼҵļȥ檡
á
ɳܣɶ񣡿ɺޣ
Ů檣ϧ˵ͻͻǣ¼䣬ɲֻŮ
ȻˣԼŮȻõˣ游ѡǡ
Ҧ̫ôôĲˡ
˺벽
游һʼϲǲϲ֪ŮˣҲûʲôøС
ͷЩѹ
϶Ϊʱðײǵ游ͷˡ
ҧŴҲ˵ǸĻ
ףʱҦ̫ŭ£˵̫ˡǵǸǶԲ¡
ҪԺ뷨ӣЩʲôٻͺ游֮Ĺϵɡ
Ȼˣڼкú㳤Ҧ̫˵ǴСңöһ𡣲żңңļңɺ˱ˣҪһͬʡ
ʵʵͷǡ
УС˲ż꣬游ۣѡһʵġ
Щ㣬뵽˵һȥײãʵʵͷǡ
СżˣҲǶԵġ
ǲҪÿعȥһˣõ
Ǽ
Ҫ
벻ͨԾͲˡ
ûգȴǴҦ̫ǶϢԼͽУѡһʮ˵ʮ֮ɣҪɾΪֱܵдҳ
ɲѡӣйϵõľǿõһϢ
˵Ҧ̫ҵŮ껪׼ѡһ涼Ů
ŮŮ
͢¶Ĭˡ
˭˲֪ҦҵŮżҵŮҲǹеˣ
Ů
˭ðŲҪķգȥȢ檣
û뵽˸ҡ
ҦſſﲻжѧģȢģͲ֪ˡ
ƷҦϷ۾̫ãմۣĸ۾ӣһ
Ѿ˵ʱûʲôоƾſ˵ġϾҦ̫ʱ˵ˣҪڼġ
Щˣҷߡ
ߣͷѾܵǽ˵塣

Ҫ˵ʲôż˵Ǻ˷硣
ѾôܲżŬ侲£һ˵ˣ̫ʹ࣬ЯһԴ㣬һţǰ桭桭Ȣ

 119 

Ȣ
ǰý, Ȣ
Ȣⲻǰ, ҪȢ
Ϸ׼, Ҳûк⣬л, һתȥů£ôġ
ӱ͸˱£ⶼһˣ˾޹ȥޣҲĺѡ
Ǳµ鱩壬˭Ҳ֪ԺСŮСӵ, ǳԽȥҲ߲
СŮԸ⣬ƴżĹ, ҲҪ»ؾˡ
ôģ
һƬհ, ǲ֪Ϊʲô, ܾ, Ǳ»顣
ԭ˵Ҫżҵӣ˼
֮ǰˣ, Ծؼң䰲ݣ
ǲǾǱ˵, ߣһӣ
޸
ˡ
Ϸ˻һӣʲôġ
СŮԸģµȷûа˵ݳԻʺݴӹſӭȥҲǱµĳ⡣
ȻˣҲһ׮ϲ¡
żҵСŮˣרżңȢ檡
¸סҰ£ֻҪеϵģ֪ˡ
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ɲһС鰡ҵжˣڷЩʱ齫˴
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⵱ĳ˻ʺǸô죿
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δʺ游ԴҲܲ
뵱ĵ˵ŮԲѡķСŮһڼвһ£ñˣɲǴ
ˣݺݵĲˡ
֪λʦڲЩʲôҦ̫ǰˣҦ̫衣
游Ȳ衣
Ҧ̫Ӳ豭ֶǲģôӵۣҪҺϳɲ游־ϱ¶Ҳֲ
ҲνҦ̫Ҫ˵ϱ裬Ҳˡ
ϱðǹŵġ
У̫޾ȲĿˡջʺţһȥʱٸĿڡ
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ԼŮʺǰ϶顣
Ȼֵ⣬Ůϣûһǲõġ
Ҳⲻһ¡
Ҧ̫ǳϱ裬Ҳߡ
Ҫ󣬰ŹأҲҪһʱ䣬һС
һ¡
Ҧ̫Ļ
Ҧ̫úӶˣһ£ƣƣѰ˼ҼȢ׼ڰ꣬ŲڻֻŽţӣȢޣӭǻʺһµĹ򣬼¿ã̿׼йҪݣһ׮׮һĸҪķʱ䣡һ±ɸ檶ã
Ҫ
˹Щ綼׼ˡķʱҲвһꡣ
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һꣿ
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˶֪λδĻʺ󣬵ǶװֻżҵŮżǵĹϵ䵱ˡ
ûݵˣǻʺ˳Ĺĸȵ֮ЩǰҪױ㲻ʲôǳҵŮ죬Ҳá
ױЩ¡
Щ˹ǣ֪ѼҵӶôͳˣģ޲ϵȵ䱦Ʒ
ÿ˶˵һױƺУƫױƺУǱѰױƺдࡣ
˹ǵױ㶼һ᷿
ϵױͦ棬ױզʱҲûкˡ
ûʲôкŮģױҲЩٻ¼ŮŮ
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õ¼ʢױ
ڼ䣬ȥһ¡⻹һκͱ·ֿôáûйĳʱ룬ǷĲ£Ҫȥ
ȥֱȥϷ˵Ҫعһˡ
ϷֱӴ˴Ķͷ̾СӼҼҲ£ɻǰҪ׼档
ǻʺ󣬵ǻûв⣬ûԼ빬ȥû˵ȥ
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ˡ
ĸʣǲǳ˲ܼ棿
ǰϷΪͨˣһµʱܿġ
ǿɲԡװ
ʵʵ˵Ҿˡ
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֪˲Ļڣ֮ǰҲܼ£ĽҲûˣֻʵʵʼԼС¡
游˵Ҫ׼Ķ׼ˣҲ׼ˣͳıģֻһˣͿԻޡ
ǰգŮźͬʱҪǽҲ˹
ۿˣǻ֮ǰģȫͬġ
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ȥ裬Ѿ߸ȣ˿ڲ裬ʣĸ֣ô֣
ȥ˿ɫȴЩ΢
ǡǱºͶӡ
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
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Ҳá
֪ˣСﵽжں
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ຬЦʱټ
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лҪ˵һ¡
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 120 

ĳʮ, Ƶ, Ȣ, й
첻Ůϴ, ¡
ʺļɫ£ºױϴ飬ֻԵöׯûеӺݡ
Ÿȫ˺ƺ˶æµС
ʺױ磬ô߲ã滹רʱ, ͳ档
˶æµģΨֻױ̨ǰ, ɹŮǸױ, ޱ¡
, ûô, æµ
Ц
ȫˣϳȵ۵Ĺù, µĹĸʮΨһһͷβĹˡ
˼ӧ, Ϊ˺ͻʺԵкö࣬ǾԲģҲСĻʺ󣬻ΨһһܱӴҵˡ
ѾҺͳǹ֪ˣֺûʺ˵Ĭϡ
ֻ֪ܸоλ͵Ϲ˺ܺ˵䣬ôкͰĳһȰ
ﻰ⣬ǰϧ
ݵı䶯ֱȫֺ˳ӡ
Ϸ˺ҦϷʹˣЩ¶ŮȥҲǵȲˣֽ
Ϸ֣̾
úӣĸ꣬κǷǸҲɿڣҪ롣
գգۡ
ĸ˵ˣҿԻġ
Ҿͻˣ롣
Ϸһ㶡
ţѰ޵ǻʵۻʺţô
ҦϷ۾̫壬
úӣﻳʱҾͼŮԺһҪͼҵŮڵȵ˽졣ĸ˰
ҦϷ˵֣ϸĸú۾ЩҩţԺĸܿˡ
ãáҦϷûޣЦЦҪ۾ԺҪſŮͼҵŮء
Ѿʲô֪СŮˣ΢΢졣
ţĸҪѽ
ǶвᣬǴ֮գľ
ĴֽûãÿٸãҪųԵ㶫
ȴӭ׵Ķ̫ˣССڳһ̸㣬﷢ɣǿֻһСڵˮȶˡ
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ѹ֮ǰ˵»֮յӣѡ
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
⡭
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ⷱڵ»ʺ󣬿һ㶼ˡ
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Һ㡣
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顣
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ս֡
Ҳ㡣
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ڱµߣһֱĸоԶҲ᲻ᡣ
һ
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лҪ˵QAQ
½ǵڼ
Ӷµµףĸ£ԣдսսмϹͦŵģסдˡ
ϲϲ
ϲĻղһרйԺԵԤգ˵Ҳϲһڡ
΢@ǧǧ
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