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1

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㰡´βҪ˰˷Ѵ򳵵Ǯ
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ˣǵȲȵˣ߳Աߵ㣬ʲôǰãţŻ
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˹ţС͵ˣҪ110ȳ԰ɣҪ¼ġ˵£СҲͲˣ
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3

ȵʺˣģǰɣޡ
迴꾰ŴӰͳޣ
˵ûк顣
һ߿δ͵ԵˣҲǻ°ɣ
뵽ƽС棬ǹһĨЦȻ֪òЦ
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ͣˣûд緹ʱ䣬θһʹǷ㲻ϲԾͽǱ¡
ԵǼݣŽһʳζӭӭͷϰ˸кдĿȥˡ
ϰŮСպҲڿŵϳ緹Լ˸˿裬æվС㣬Ҹ¸ɡ
ȻԼҲСݣһʼֻĬĬĳԷһΪĿڸ⣬Сĵһľо棬ǾĹˣÿγٸǮûСͣһʼݵ˶ܲϰߣҲϰΪҲΪɣСÿζȥ档
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㣬ĵúϤСû˽ʮ֣Ҳи߷ˡ
ڵ˵ѹֻǣܾɥݵĻžһֻͻȻûѵèɣΪʲôùݵĻһСǺŵŮè䵱ȻʺϣСľãҳĶԣһҲմϱߵġ
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һҲС㣬ЩػŮԼС£ؽܽӵЩװģװʱ˸ġ
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4

ҹʱסùݵûٽֿκε绰һٶɾˣֱӸһ΢ţ֪Ѿˣ˼ˣˣԼˣһ֣
͹ػȥˡ
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ڸźԼĸȫ෴ĽྻҪԶĸףȻܴʲôøС
Сʱĸ׺ˣʵںܸԼδ£룬Ľϣʵûõİ
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ֿȻûйΪӵܲûԴ
һ˲ģŮʿڣϧ˻ᵯɶᣬΨһŵ飬ΨһȱҲ飬跢һЩŮů壬ҲûνֿһʼֻҪޣֵòΪ̬֮֮ȣ÷ֿԽԽԶգ˵ף˸š
ЩѹȫΪֻֿźҪˡ
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ʾǿ侲輫ȵĺһˡ
ڵǿһ⣬ԽǴԽǹµǺȻ״̬иֵı飬ֿµЦǣ֪µζ֪ԲǿҶϰһ˵
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Щֻµ˲Żס
һ˹ӣǱλҪµ״̬
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ϧֿ֪㡣
ԭܿ飬˿˯Էǿ飬Яֹϡ
û׷跢Լûֱ֣ҹֿĲ
һ̣ԼģǼˡ
߷ֿܣֻҪܺƽദûаҲν˺κˡ
ǣֿΥˡ
Ǳ¸½飬ˡ
ȻڵķֿѾרĵԼˣô֡
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Ƕβٻţµһ˵ģĸӰ裬ӲԼµĲҡ
ķֿ뿪Լ벻뿪Լ
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5

ֻ
ֻԼж죬ҲֻϰΪֻ֪޵Ϊ죬ԼּޣһƬУסֻɲż̧ͷʱߡ
ʱıʲô΢ЦǿһƬƽ޲
ǲˣֻǵöԷı飬ԷԷԼûһ˿̹Ȼ
ֻǸʱдڲĹϵڴб˴˶֮󣬾һԲĸ뿪ˡ
ֱ˵Ĺϵʼ֮ǲһĲ
Ϊʲôڴȥ
Ϊҵա
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Ϊ˲Ҫ˰
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ޣҲѹᱻͬѧǽйŮĺ𣿡
޲ҵĺӣҵ¡ľƲߣûа취ֻûɲĴЦȴҲƲĿ⣬СŮ˼㲻ĶԴٻЩˣǽ֣ͼֹͣôĴЦ
磡
硣
˵Ϊɳ̿µ˸ŤôҲͬһĺӣ
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˿̲֪ڳеĸطȻǸͬѧѾʧȥϵݸͬѧ˵ԼͬһУͼѰҹ޹Ǵûͼȥϵ
Լĳ󡪡
ʮ꣬꣬
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һֵĦгȰϵͬѧҪһ꣬Ϊծѧһ꣬Ѿʮˣ㹻Ƴˡ
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ȻŸѾƻճ̱ЧʱÿնŸЧʵΪݶ̹ϿΣ¿κҪͣȥ͵򹤣ڿ͵ĹȥʮСĵıӻ꣬賿ʱ֡
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ͯʱʼÿ豧ԹϰûȴծʱͲȥˣһôʲôģй򣬶ɹ̫ȥ
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ĶӣԭͲģǸôƽˣŸŲԼˣȻƴ򹤣ǿҵһû£˺ܶεͬܶʱҪҪ֤ЩãͶ̥ڸĸ۰òѧѵļͥͬѧӵ
粻ԸʧܣҪһ·ӮȥȻʹ˵أһ겻
ֻ֧ҪǿҪκ˶
ʵ粻֪ͬΣвĽŮǸǰĽӢߴĴͬԵøɣȻеӪǼܻڵġ
ЩŮУСѩ
СѩʹŮĸҲвȥ˻ǣһͷںܶŮʵҪںڳǺǰһѵջ
ͬλֻݻ߲ƯͬѧǣСѩ磬ѩ˵ϸϸѩʹһУԶԶĶƮһ˿˿Ѭ㣬˲ľҪ
ǲ߶ڣ游ĸĹѧУԴֺ󣬱˵ȫУһɧϾֻڵϿķ紵˵ƶʵУεʦ̲סˮǧܲվڱϿߡ
ŮǳļԼԼϾ֮ʹ˷ƣеСѩµƣһŮǿǶкһ˿˿ͬˣϾ˭ҪСѩǾעҪΪȫУŮʦ۹ˡ
СѩԴ򵭵һЦԳָ쳤𣬼ѧУ쿪ʼСѩ¹УǲʱССӦСѩƵ飬ɿһʳͺܴ󷽵óͬѧһŮ޷ķߺǶСѩӳԡ
һȻҲ翴ȻͬԼòռƣǾĲƸҵ׶ԣ˵ȫУУҲȲκһͬѧ
ֻĬĬСѩżߣͱò΢ЦСѩҲ󷽷ĻЦŮű˴ɬõĸо
ݵʱ˶ϣԽϽͬʱѴ򹤵ʱ̣Ϊ֣ռ̫ʱ䣬ȴܸЧ棬̫ʱ䡣
¹һʱʹ׬ķã˵һݹϾѧѧҵΪأҪͷأƾǻ첻ʲôġ
ӿ͵ѾϾŵ㣬Ѿҿ͵һĹϰ˹ʣ͵Ǳе´ȵĹ
˵ţһС·Ǽҽֱ̯ѧҹ
Ϥýر𳳵ʱ֪ˡ

6

ǰмȦһţԼԼһŮ죬ͦ
˵ˣ⣬˻Ϲˣʲô㰢һףô·ֱУҪ·Ǵĸֻģ
ûʲôÿһֶǴ
оԼǵûֺ񲻼ǵãƺڰֻܿǵ
ǸҵǸŮ񣬽裬ÿζܺȴӲҪӲȻޱҵÿһûаʱϴҵͬѧ˵ĶǴҲĻҵĳĳĳһ㣬ĳĳ̫һࣻҲѹԼÿּǲ
֣ʲô
粦ȺӳԾȫ裬ֻΪнһŮ
Сѩ
ֻУһֵץԼǰĸҪչȥȴӲı¡
ÿСã
ڣһĴӣ˭۱ˣˣȷʵûСѩƯЩŮ磬˵ڣȻǺСѩһƷ˼ҴޣȴڹѸԣΪ˺СѩԳʵ̫۵ĹϵټıֲܹΪɷһ࣬Ҳѹָոûа
Ӹһ⻰ˣ
㾹Ȼ˵Һ֣ôӣ
ѵ㲻ǣУΪ˭ʲôôӣϷ˰ɣȫȫĲмȻͨƽиʦĸףһ̳ϷĸϴˣϴǷԴ˴£ȻĲӳԱӲҪ˵Ǳ˵㣬һÿɰĸ
ҪеĻŮˣԼҸطԸȥǡ
ָȻǲˣ̹ϵĲ̣裬û뵽޾ɫֻһƫԴǽϣۼҪֿҲȥˣȥӹԼһиԴ
ԷֽһϵͬȥҪ磬û뵽跴Ӧ죬ӾҹȥƺȫĻŵü˶ʱ
ֿ־ĳ׼ǰŬܵĵϰҲɵˣҪ֪ǿӣҵˣҲˣǰŮı飬·һ㡣
Сѩʼģûʲô
һƬҡ
裬110һһСѩԼ󣬻һߣٶϵǺӣһȭͷ߷ɱϵͬ飬дݵĸҵʱǸϲϰƽԱûġ
ɳȽԶǾôɲɣڸһֵҹ̯ߣΪ110ͽԭ䣬ֻǿжϳһҹ¸Ǯݹһǻ죬һǸΰӵϷŮ»ðɣһߣĳͷѵȻһȥˡ
ϰϵùȥʰˣϾµ˸ˣôأ
û°ɣСѩӢ۾󶼻˵ĻҲȷʵϧ
硭Һ£ҺˣСѩ˽
֪ңһ˳ƿ
СѩƤʱͺˣȫУŮ֪㣬ͬͬѧʲô᲻֪
⻰ʵȫĿףüȥдҲһ졣
ȻСѩ˵ʱְֵݹȥץҵ֣ˡ
£ѾûˡҲæСѩʹ˹ĻУᵽджϢСˣñκʱҪ졣
ǰһ̫̫ͻȻһʱ֮仹ţֻǻеλһʱֱȻûдСѩϲԼġ
֪пϲѣûκˡ
վӵ˶ޱ죬ߣһֱŸߴ磬Ȼ֪ûԼǻ̲סĿΪֻҪͻһе龰
˵ֻһƽż˵ȴǺġ
֪һˣҲͬްĳʵ
£ǿıӰ͸оԼǰδеĳʵ
һ̣Լؿڣ˽⵽һ£磬Сѩͬ顣
ֻǣģʵȴű
ǰһ֪һ
ʮƽƽĽʵ
Ը뵱ȻΪ͵Ϊֹˡ
࣬
ǺСѩߵñǰҪһ㣬źСѩ˵ֵԶ֪һϢԼҲһΡ

ܿҷˡ
ĵճĴڿܵһŮķۺɫбõ
ĵ׸мĴڣֻҪһڣͺ֪ˡ
ΪԼһʺĸŮοԷûԼ
СѩԸżС飬谵ĸڣϾûĸ˿ֹһ˵ĬĬŵİ
οѵúʹ۹һ裬ΪСѩһԣڸ˿绹е䲻Сѩġ
ϾļҾһƣȻһΪСѩֱʥĸŮˣСҲеŮɼǵŮҲǿĲݰɼãְ飬ΪƣƺΪѹЩڵͨŮ
Ů֮󣬴ϼۣȴǺõıӻ򹤵Ͽ֮ǰϵСѩ¥£һȥѧСѩȥ˼ѧ࣬ȻҲܿġ
˳̸ܶ鶼Կ൱ǰζСѩĦгϣ˵۹⣬Цúۡ
Ӿһůȴݡ
ܿˡ
һĦУȻĶζ͸ˬոһգСѩеļ¶Ϩˡ
ȻСѩΪҪԭ򣬻硣
ĶܺãǣҲܶԼʱ䶼򹤣ҲܴȥӰͣҪ˵ֹˣۼ߱ԼŮи͵ѣ˽ڸǿȥСѩĹĿʼˡ
ȫ֪Լı仯æŴ򹤣һԼδı
ΪСѩĽѧУеĴʼ΢ǿż⵱УͬͬѧеĸСѩļ˺εĸĸǾʱѣҲΪϵСѩʱתУʱøĸѧУͨϵתԼϣðΰλãεСѩеĹû뵽ɷѿģۿֵĹһԻ°ߣȻģһеŭǨϣѧУﾭ鷳ģͬѧҲΪҵΣԶ磬ӵҲСѩ˼ʹϵһǧɡ

7

꣬³ǵһͼȳʪͬѧʱЬӶһЩʪϸĵŮȥһ˦Ͳ£Ȼɡ
ˣ˭ĽͻȻֽУͬʱŵűӣһָսŵ磬
磬϶㡣
ƾʲô˵ң粻ֻۿ
㵭Ȼֻǵҧ죬
ֻ㴩Ь϶㣡
ٿΪΧǵĳЦ׷ͶϷ񣬶ΪϷĺӣԱֳĬ
ЬȻɣϴøɸɾûһƣԺȻιҲһˡ
֪ζСѩ˼ƽҲֻ԰ֶԼ
ѱЦվСѩΪΣһñ޹ʳʵڿһͽ˫ɵЬӻƫƫ᲻ãٳʵںܶŮѵ棡
˭
ͻȻ䣬һŮͬѧǶ㵵Ļͷ衣
ϣҺζԿģžͬҾԣͬΪˣҲΪ֪ŶԿϾͲÿˣСѩǰӣӲſ
裬ʲô˼
ʲô˼Ҿʲô˼ЬûƣҲ࣬꣬ѧģɱȰ·Ҫɾ࣬㲻ָȴרָҺǲǶ˼
ˣ
˭˼ҿеģ
㻹֪ԼǸеġЦһʲôѧãƫŮһһЩеûģǹС˵˻С˵ˣЩŮһ
ʲôϲǿǿС˵Ůһɲˣìͷ׷ָ衣
ʲôкЩŮһ
ŶӦ˵ЩŮľЩŮ
㡪̫ݣ
԰԰
ŮΧ˼ҵıۣһȰȻСѩһԵȫˣʹڱ˵ЩʲôҲᡣ
˰ϵŮûԸ˵ֻСѩһʱԼɳ£ȴ˿⣬Ǵ¼֮СѩĲɣǿı˾룬˿衣
СѩЩ߽ˣһȥʳòͣһͬѧǿʼЩԷ̫æµûע⣬ֻЩżʵڲ̫ĹϵҪ˵ֲ˵£ôǳ
ӴǰһڣһڵʱɣȻ̬Щ룬ȻĽ̶ȵΣһơ
һÿΣγδҶڲٳϣԼȥؽҰУӽУ԰ߵһˮ
˸۵裬Ҳڶ۸٣һ·͵͵ţȴתʱˣòҵˣûмΣȴһʽУ£ˮȥڽż⣬·ؿͷöŵ¡
Ҳ룬һ˹ȥ𣬺ſڴҵıкһֱӱУһҸϴꡣ
ϰ壬ӸʱҪȣʪ·Ŵ֮
˫ϰϴ̨棬Ļص
û⣡׼ŷӵǮüһԪ
ϰһۣ
һôôǮ
ҶԷ費ںİ֣СȱǮȻ˵ĸʧͣⷽ滹ǴӲģ˵ΪĸʧͣǮ﷽棬Ƕơ
ϰҲٶʣ·ⷭ˸飬ѻȡ¡
ŵĻ½߬·紩·ģУȻһƬ̤ʵ·һöСС̫
ѧ󣬴ҴӲٳصң֮󣬷һ䣬Ƿ׷ףΨôҲҲףܲʱĺѾ͸Ѿʼ䣬Ŷôǿ׳Ҳо⣬οκҪĦгؼҡ
СѩҲæ˰죬޹ֻóԼΧ֯ǴǵΧչһС磬ϵãȻԵЩЦǺܱůСѩȥΪӵ粻ÿ
Ǳϲ״ͬѧǣѾζ
Ű磡
һ·Сѩ
СѩƤ˿ͨ죬ĿЦ⣬о忪ʼů͡
룬ʲôģѾȫҪˡ
ٶȸϻģᴩŶ俪ȥðŹˡ
±˿ɫıĴ·ţһͷؽңȴЦţСѩΧ磬ΧбͬѧţǱ˴˵ֻб˴ˡ
죬ţŲԣ´ŵǰԻһɢС
ǷɫĴůůĸɾУԼ棬±ȥŵ£еһУһ̣趼ϣһ㣬ʧܳĵǸÿ
ҲǣΧʲôģů˰ɡ
ӲǵȵҶ߹ˣŰ״ӱĴóķŻĳ
·ˣѾİŮСѩȥˣҲ߳ң;ķ⿴ûκɫɿ̽ͷһ·ûκżѧ͸ȫĲżĿ۾ܿˡ
紵ңɳɳ죬ϸڴ˿Ǻиοĵĸо
һ̾Ϣ³ٿһΧɫоԼöˣֻٻǻź
˵ͺˡ
롣
һͬѧǿܿ͸ûˡ
û£ûµģޡ
ЦװҪοԼӣһ߻˼ҡ

8

żҶڵϵ׹羲ֹʱһеֻʣ·ɳɳɫļڣͬѧǶŻؼңֻ·ɢȻʱĿԼ
Ҫˣǹʣһ죬ͺܲ׿ԣƸðҽ˰鲻ֻ˵ԿǰѱժˣͲϷˣΪ費Ը⡣
ͶСΪʲôҪȥ
סԺҪ㣬˭ң
ʶʱĸԳΪѵ飬
С裬ûգаְ
һҪѳҧúĸΪԳΣ󣬻ֻܰ߻Ǹϵɷϣ
ǵģԼŮҪȻæûʱ㣬Сȥʱ䡣
˵
С裬˵ĸţһܱѵı顣
ȫ͵棺ᣬֻǲվӣκһ˵
ҪģС裬ҡ
಻ŲҪֻҪԼĳˡ
Ů䵭ǣĸεĳĬգ͸һĸ˵强һĸŮγɼ̵ķ
С裬裬ǡ
ˣϢһ¾û£æġۣȥܰͬھӡ
ԺǰԼײڿ˵ĸ׺С˻ľ棬ĸô֣ҪŮ棬Ҳʾ֪ĸҲԳΪڣȥСס
ʲôѹı鶼û¶С֪ĸĽǸĴ󣬶ڴвСûʸҪʲô顣
ΪƲ⣬һֱûЭ飬ͬʱչŮΪڣŹͬĲƲָԷӡ
еĹĶĵġ
ʣͬҲУܸоóԼĸĸչСжôǿ
ǿҲչˣСŰʲôģ֪ˡ
ԣҲޣǿһЩͬСҪʲôһգһһ˵§˯ʱߣҪ󡭡
˵ǿܣǱȶɽĸܰɡ
ҪĸΪĸҲҪ
û飬аҲõġ

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û뵽黹չ
һȥѧУСɭɹ̫͵͵ĿһԼᣬһֱǸʱžϿˣԭҲǺĸĸһȫª
£СѩνӵѾȫ鷶Χ˺Ůʱӵ
ӵĳ棬ܲƽȴԾɵĲҸ֪ϾûжõĽ飬Ϊĵһŷ˿֪жమСѩðʧȥ˵Сѩкͱڽֻɡ
ȻϣԼеԼԣֻϣеܾ췢֣ŮĺǶˡ
ˡ
һ꣬Χһжʪģ峿׼£ڱ±װݸСѩȵů裬׼ŽʱͻȻӵԷĵ绰
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ôˣܲҪȻȥ㡭
ˣĲá
СѩǸð˰ɣƣȷʵʺĦгȥѧУˡ
紩ãһﳵȥѧУˣԴӺСѩ֮⻹ǵһε·ͻȻ䣬Щϰߡ
ٵѧУſڣͻȻ뵽СѩͣƵ͵ꡣ
ϵǮ࣬һСѩ˵ʲôͶԼиӡ
СѩǰǼҵֻ˵Ҫһݺ࣬޷ѡ£ݣݺһ룬Ȼ󶪵Ȼе˷ѣΪϧԼŮѣҲ˵ʲô
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һ˲䣬оԼʲôˣҲϣԼͬʱʲôһǣˮɢˣԻǿˣú
ĵ棬ͬʱʶͬͬѧ
һϴ绰ڵ绰úƵ˵ҪصСѩ˿̣úıͶ˵ЦţȻҲ͵ģǵĹϵΪСѩβʱԵòԶ
Ŀǣһһ飬ͷظһֱȷԼ±۾Ҳḡ龰֮۽ЩȺۣתĬĬĸǮѾоеϷǳˡ
껹ţûиоˮҲӲ·Уһһ
Ȼ䣬½һ衣
£
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ԭνıġ
ԭǱѡ
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һҧһϣȴ˵㵽棡
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վɫԽɵ룬ԼСѩ˵ǲ̫ˣϾѵСѩȫ޹ġ
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ϣûб浥İһ˸õˣǸˣǺεȵˡ
Ǹͣ㣬򵥡վ͵ڣʵڲ֪ôοһ侲裬ͻȻóٶ챿û뵽ǰο˵ĻȴıתΪײУ
㣿Ǯ˲𣡡
ףҲǸ˼
㣡ȣӵҲûνеһ̣ŷ֣־Ȼˮһ䳹ǣҲǸʱǰδеԹСѩ
αأȻˣΪβܺú÷֣αҪ㱳ѣ
һ£Ҫﳵȥĵǰ
ײеĿٶȵɹе
ܲܡһȥѧУ
ϲ죬һЩǻ֣رǰ磬ȻףȴҪڻˮһƬıˡ
һˡ
п裬һ绹İʱ޵죬еĶӣ˿̣ǸʱҪϰٱûг߹ȥǴС㣬˶һӦǺѵõ¡
ڵأˮУٶȵɹһۣԼı鵹ûôˣΪ˸оеɿʱѾݵģ뿪ˡ

9

صңСѩѾԼλϣʣ־ûбҪʡ
ѾԵʵˣʣҲȡ衣
η·ʲô¶ûз֣Ǻһͬѧ˵Ц
СѩʼڱϿ
翴ǣϣ
ɣΪûǮԼŮʵĳȥѧУΪʲôСѩû֣
ңڵǣ
Сѩ˵Ҫ֣Լͬ
ԼܳʧȥСѩĺ

֪
ǡ
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߹ȥվСѩǰ
ڿʲô
õõ塣
ŰС˵˵ϲ
ͣԹˣ˸ͷ
Сѩͣ٣
ţԹˡ
ֳԵģ
ǣǰСѩ飬ȴû̧ͷ磬ȴ֪֤ʵϿһĻǻþ
ȴ׷ȥ
Թͺãתóƿ
Ұݺůˡ
š
СѩĿ룬ֻԼΪλٶۣڷԴԼķʽʱ͸òˣٶԼЦˡ
ĬĬصԼλŴ˿Լ¡
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λĺ棬ȥı
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ˣ˻û䳡һûӪĻ
졣ɴˡ
ŶŶ죬룬죬
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ˣͬѧҲǲˣ˵ˣ壬£ôǸͦùµİš
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죬ûٴ绰СѩԼſʱͣ
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ϲǷ飬ġ
رŮӡ
һյҲҲ㲻ϣһֻڵĴ
ЩɵĿǰİӡ
԰˵ģܺóԡҧ
ò۹ⶢǰ
Ҫһԣ
ŲǡɶȻĻůˣС˼ı
Щˡ
ΪʲôԹˣ
Ųǡ
Թˣ͵İǰԼȫ˵Сѣûκѡ
úܳţҲҪÿһÿһڣԵüɾ
ĩҹ
ҽԺſڣ
ĸɫƵĲŷͼһǼڷ̯ʳôǱӳһʳˣ紵Ż̳߻ݵķ㣬ͷҵʣµĲʳܳԼ죬ʳõĳʦǲֻζʲôʲôһš
ʳڵƳһĸ׵壬Ȼͻƣ˿赲ȰӺͼʳоܿǸ߰Ķ־
ҵĸʱѾ˼ʣµĿͣǰˣᣬ
裬ǻȥˣҪټЩˡ
ûϵģ㲻ҪԸ԰ЩҲǸɾģֻˣȥȾͺá
ĸһڼˣȻ˵ڼûծˣϰԵʡʡϾڻסԺȫճĶӴ򹤣˵Ǹĸ˺ӡ
ҪȥһбĸûκΣֻĸվڱϣԼȥá
һԼֵ
磿
Ǹ˿ܣ·˼Ѫ
Ρ
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ʵ֪ӵļŤ̬һĻᣬͬѪһͷ룬±˲֪
Ҳ֪ǼҾȻҪʳõʣзδͬʱתͷԼĸף
裬Ǯ𣿡
Ȼĸȫ״̬ʣܵľͻش
ǮͬѧεЦһߵޱ飬ĸȻŭ
Ǯ˲ǲҪʩᣡ
ĸLVзƤУںˮӵĶ·һûϰߣƣһЩֽֽ˽䣬æС
粻ǣĸתߣڱſУ
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磬ǸǮ
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10

ڶ죬οʼͬѧ˵£еļٲ˵ģǺ汾ݻ
ÿ춼ҪҽԺǲҪʣзһĶҪûȥǼʵ̫ˣǴҪ
ҿľһĻҪֹͼϵľӣ˳˹ȥ㵸λæҪ㿪ȴ֪黹Ǳ׾֮ûгɹǱе󷽵ΣһƬͬѧܹȵĹȥͬʱܹȵ
ѪˣѪˣ
ĶǱνײٻѪӿ˳ΪϣԵøĿ
Сѩ飬ȥԼס˵Żͷ磬
ʲôͻȻ̫ˣ
γô˻չСѩ֣
ûµģġ
˵ľٶǰ岻ԶкЩ֪Ļͬѧȫŵ񣬿ˣһЩ֪ģ˽Ҿ˵񿴺Ϸ
ܽ
ôһ֣㻹Ҫصʲôʱ򣿡
ʲô˼Сѩ촽ѩ׵һɫ
⻰㣬Сѩ㻹ҵŮ𣿡
Сѩܿߣ
һƬžһЩŮΪСѩĳĬһ
γԿˣʤСѩ̬ǰѾˡ
̧ͷɨΧһȦӣǰΣͰҪϺСѩĹϵȻѡôѡ
ʹһŮӡ
˽ңһֱѧûл
գһС
ӵСѩʱԼӵҸûӵʱж㣬ʧȥʱ˫ʹ࣬ȻһֱԼһ𣬸ǲȡΪѿ͵ԣŭ;ԭ
ˣֿͺãΪҪѣ˽⵽ԭҲǣΪҪһθûн֮ǰæȥȡһθ飿
㣬ȫĲ˽⵽
ﶼûȥ֪ҪȥֻѧУСɭֺ棬ǻ
ǸĺӣǰΪ˱Сѩѿĸ飬Լͬѧǰʧ̬ԼΪͬѧǵЦȻֻʮ꣬Ǹĸƶ򣬼ʹԭҲǸ߳ɱ顣
Ȼĸ鲻¶ǲʹּ࣬ǽǵˮǽһһߴ򣬽ԷйԼ
ȭͷĥƤѪ˿ûвҲҪתһЩЩ޴Ƶķŭ
Ǹ
ԭûеڶ˵Ľһ
תͷסԼٶȳȭģ衣
֪ʲôʱģҲжʱˣΪʵڲٿȥԼĥ˫ˣųģ߷ֻ̽ɾɵĲżޡ
ֱʱʱע⵽ܶʱǸѧУעĹ̥ûʲôѣΪӴĲż˵ѧУǶҥԡ
죬ҲǹģôɣˮľͷǸͬͬѧһƬ㵹Уɲޡ
ΪʲôҪһûҪƲż
Ȼɻ󣬵ûоʲô֣Ϊʱı飬ʵǺӡ̡
ı飬˵ǵõϱ˵ҵͬļį顭
ʵĴ˿̣ϼ·ȫķʶԼղŵΪȫпܱ迴ǱǰСѩûбйŭȫȥ
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һ͵
֪鲻ãǣҲ㣬ҾҪЦ𣿡
˻ͬѧǿƵ侲˿ȫ߽⡣
һ°﷭ҳӣææѰţһЦ
ôȥˣǵͻȻף˲һϲңûҹҵһϲϲ˲ϲңҲϲ˿϶ҲǲϲңԡûϲңЦЦ𣿡
һҲЦ
ɫȸղŸ
ģ
æץһɿ
ӵɿܺóԣԵʳŶ
Ȼԣֻǰһû
˭ģ
ȻԼ

ˮǽȥҪˣд˿ʵںϡᣬϾŶ֮Ƶ裬ƽ
׳գˮǽôᱻãԵýҲҪãûʶԼж
ûŮӵϸ뷨ֻȻΪĽõ̫ãûԷǹġ
һţǲǽˡ
Ϣɡߵˮ̨ףһЩҶϼзţһ翴ȻһЩ⡣
ԸȥҲǿֻǿƺֻҪһ뿪ߣͻȥǽ
ֻա
ǿԼ侲Ľ龹ȻҲĸҶ׹£Ʈڵϣʼ滺
£˳ŷֱѪģʹһһ
ţ˫־ͱӹ绹ܲʱ򣬾ͱ˵ƣɴȻбġ
㻹һ֡׵ɴоɴģԼԭѪģġ
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żȥԺ幤
Ŷʣȥ·ʲôȤ
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Ҫʲôﻹбġ翴滹бɺ͹֭ǡ
ѧôʳ
鲻õʱ򣬿óԶ
ô࣬ж಻á
簵룬ǣúԼ޹أԲ˵ڡ
ҲҪԡ
ܺóԵģ˵һʳһ˼ĸоֵջ󣬡ȻģڰһоԼڻš
ʲôۣЦԷǣоǰŮװĶ治һģҲѹѧУͬѧǶˡ
裬ͦ˼
ҲҪԡ
ΪʲôԸأ
û顣
֡
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˭˵ڳͷԼ
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Ůĺ֣
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̹ȻܣͬʱٶԼɿ
ʿģɳһϵиֿζҴмģ㲻Ҫɿıں̣ܶ˲óԡ
졣ŮǺһǮˣΪʲôŸȫûĸо
ǲǾò˼ģʳҲģ˵ֻҺޣİɡԼ˸Ķ
ⶫޣעǸżŷżûб飬ϲҲǷŭһźƽĸо
㼸˻ż
û涨ż˵޲żάԼˣ˼ࡣ
żѵǻģ˵ΪʲôޣΪ
Ϊ׶谡СʱҲɣ׶԰ﾭʦ質裬޺С裬ѽѽһҵ֪߿ԷӶıܿ
ûҲ֪˵ʵйʮ׶԰ô׸裬ˣǲ˳⡣
ԭ㲻֪
ΪԼᰵˬû뵽ĵӿֵֻϧУֻøĿڣ
ƭˣ׸ô᲻֪
ǰŮ۾
֣װ˿
ڰײһĻڳԼҲǰˡ
ԼûʲôʵȥƴΧͬѧȴһסԼû˿ԥ
ڣֻŰǽû뵽
Ůô£
յϼԽޣ翴裬ﶬķ紵Ҷ裬ŮУȹϴȦ緢ֿͨ裬ҲͦͿģȻģ˿ѾΧȴСѩΧ飬ֻźܱů˽ᣬɢ޺
׻᲻Լ

11

ڵ˵޺Ե
ĬĿ裬ĩˣźɴ֣ɿ
ʲôʲô͵ľɳҲ
Щ࣬Щ
תͷ裬Ž߾ȫҪ棬棬һ̣統Ǳů͵ˣȻоۿЩʪȣ˾ȻҪˣ⴫ζȻ嵭˲ĸоֻһļƤ񣬶Ȼ
ͺЩںںڵ飬ڻڵвʺͷߺޡ
ֵһ飬һж粻ٿ˵ģԵʳľûڰյܾˣ˷·̤ʵϣ˹
ʵǸʲôʲôɳɿͦóԵġ
ǰϢӦԼİοãڷʱŷԼһֱ΢΢
ǽŻǸˣѾֲˡ
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ţҰÿ¶һЩǮ
٣
ûţһǧǧɡ
ҵĴˣǮ治
ף
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費ҽӻ
ѹִҶ˵ѧʱֻѧʱ̸̸ǡһ䣬ΪȿϴѧҵùֻҪŬһԼķӣԼĳԼŮ˺õ
΢ЦȴȫˣǰΪԼȫںȴΪһȫȻܣһӿɿ
ЦʲôǮ˺ɣ
ףҲǡ
ҴС赽ⷿҪ򹤣ҪѧѣҽҩѣӵԼĶҪסԼķ뱣ԼļˣֻʲôЦģ
ĬĿһʼ˵Щ˵󣬴Ϊ̫רעȴڲټװŭˣɥ
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գûסԼİŮѡ
ӵСѩҪһУȴ̫ѷҪúõ㣬ܳԵúһͺ࣬ʲôʵԸξ
СѩѡεɣǣģСѩĶ⣬ÿ͵޷ѡһնǻ
СѩܾԼûд˭ǮգǣСѩĴȴװ׵ģõݸȲµϣȴԵҪݡ
˷ѿɳܡ
迴Ѿ³Լ飬¶һ˿ۣͺúÿϴѧɣúҷݹҶ˵ѧʱֻѧʱ̸
㶮ʲôû̸ɣ飡
û뵽һ䣬費͵һվ
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ҵȻȻôСѩһ𡭡
ԣֻǽˣһˣǰ𣿡
䲻ʻ¶ϣסˣ뷴ȴԼֻ죬һĿ²һ֡
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ԣʱһֱѰңҵĹοˣҪ˸ǶȫУŵһˣӦҪȥӻҪɰɡ
סˣ裬棬ȻǿЦ
ܸнˮ
ȻֻҪҪǺܸߡ
ԸҶ٣ɡ
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ҲҪһ㸸ĸѣҪǱСѩ֪˽ڡ
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ҪѧͬͬѧӦúͬɡ
治˼Ҿͱһ꣬˵ýѧƺҵ˿ԲĶʱá
赭һۣޱļţҼкܶʳеԣɣҲսӴ棬ˣҸнˮ򹤵طô
ƺȫԼһ
ŮǹԼðɣ
Ϊʲôʧأ
ԭ˵Լû£ҪǻԼǽʵȭͷʱʧȥеĵ
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۾һߣ¶һĨǳȴʵЦݣ
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ţӻĹٻһΣӵɣ˵߾ߡ
ȻʱֱҼҰɡѧУҹٸһȣתһ
Ǹطòǵ
Ǹߵľס߷Ǹ󣬾۽˱ĸߵʦҽҵһĴ
㾹ȻסǸط
ҸĸģûϵƲ죬ΪȻ
ǵ͵ڸв֪ɡ

12

һһ·ϵݻ̾ΪֹͥԺ־滨ľ˹Сʽˮʯ·Կһ·Ľ롣
˵ݻţôͻݻţûΨһ
žһܱƸĹȫôӦǺĶˣƽǸӻ⣬һŷ߼װޣڵȴȫʽŵ棬Ĵй磻һ׶ߵˮŷʽƣӦżյ̨״˿ɳ֣Ϻͼˮ輸ϣʽɰϰŷʽ豭óеĽǸ߼ƿֻǿҵǿд䣬Щҡ
Ǽҵķ񡭡ܶء
΢΢һЦֱ˵һܳû£ϰˣΪҰϲʽ磬ϲŷ磬ԭͲһˣƫƫҪһ𣬼һˣȴֲΪԷЭԵڵķ˭˭˭
һ仰Է޵Ĺϵ
һȥܹһӰɡι۲ݡ
ѵĶ׼ӦֵǮɡ
׼
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Լĸĸ
˵Լĸĸ׵ɣ΢΢üĵײá
ƺҲ뷨ᣬ˵Ĳҵĸĸ
ǻ˭ȻĲš
Ȼǰ顣
飿
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ĬŮȥƯʽұƯŷʽվУƫУߵĸƯ·޹ϵ
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Ǹʱûκԥľͼݺݵıˮͬˮɾɵ޻ˮϣǱһƬ費֪׿ûУֻ֪ӴԸĸġ
Сĸ»ӳǶģױòֲԵƷȷ˵һʼͼĸʽƷȷ˵һʼµ
ڰ֮еģô͸ЩװһǸЦ
ĸݻƷĴʲôҪֻںԼּޣƺҪԴ֤͸ĸǲһģޡ
ΪĴʦͥӦǼӷо޶ĲƲ޷䣬ȻҲô꣬źޡ
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кװãάʵĶʮȣӲů
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վһҪ˵˭Ǹ˼ҵĺӣȻȽ˵һЩ
㣬ɨŽԴ֮һʲôе裬ͻȻθھ͵ˣ˵ĶˣԽԽ䣬Ҫڼ￪ԷŰ̶˹ǮǱÿ͡
ˡ㣬ڿ
ߣǳԷȥ鷿ڣС˵硣
һ£һ⡪ŸҵͷҲ̧׼һء
дˣͲóˣˡ֮Գ˺һ棬ԵЩĻˣǰҲ϶һŵҲʱΪҵĺȳһ䣬ÿʱıȴǺܿĵģһڣ
㰡˳Իʲôҵ
Ȼǻ氡˵Ľӹ硣
緭ۣȥƻԻ͵Ĳദˣ賬˵رǳԷʱ򣬼ֱǾ͸Զ˵
ţյˣ˵ҵСǰţȫˣۣǻۣɿˣǸ֪ʲô𣿺·Բԣ

13

ѾϰڳԷڼ˵ȫǸùгкȻǮãѹ£˼ڣ˵Сѩʹ໹ʲô࣬ҲһʳƽԻʳҪʶʲôй壬Ȼʲ壬ò壬ϰԸ壬ڳⷽ棬ǹеĹ壬ȫʲôʲôƷʳˮڵϾͲ˵ˣʲôţⴿͣСѧȫûаͬѧǿеľ籾ȥǳԺúȺãĩѵ߶˶⣬Ǻͳߣһѧѳһ˧ҹӸĿΣУ԰꾭Ůʦͷüۡ
ˣ̵Ѿˡ
š
㣬һʼ˼ܲסÿͶ˺ܶ࣬ܶ඼ûжҲܾԸҹķˣ˿ϧֻͬ˷ѣû뵽ⵥգ˹ı±㵱е˵ȥһʼȫܾ˵һҪʹҲҪգΪÿ涨ʳôࡣ
ֻܰοԼ治ǮҲǮ˵һʽɣǵҲͲˣûпװҲװ
Ϊ˹ǮǳԷʱҲ峡Ĺꡣ
Ǿܳ԰һзģϣʲôԼȥá
֪
ûô㡣ֹ
׹һۣ
ʲôʱ˵Ҳʳ
ԭģΪ㲻ҸĶ˵
ࡣһӡ
űõԴЦЩɵԴҲֲ⸱ڱͬѧǰδйı飬ԼҲ¶ûйɣҳͣٲȻѾһɵˡ
ʳɾŲٳŵ鷿粻òͬ˵Ļղһ
Ҫˮ
ڰĲ˹̺ϿͻȻҪżˣҲȨǳ̫ķۻһξĳһ̧ۣͻȻסˣΪԼ龰
һӦæ˺صźߣ۽ǵ⣬ȷȷʵʵģϴ֮ѼƿСԼĴͷ
ȻϵúƵӣ֪ģǼ۸񲻷ƵĶ
˳ǣ
һŻŵİѿյһߣװæӣҲװʲô֪ĽˮһԵ뿪
ص䣬İѸղſθ衣
ΪᾪȣȻȥ뿪
ǣķĻأ
𣿡
𣿡ѧŹ֣
裬͵
֪ˡ
֪ˣΪʲô裿ֽŲɾôܼã
Ϊ˵յĲ˺ܺóԡ
͵˵ղ˺óԵɣһ䣬粻ϣҪΪӶһղ˵С͵
Щãֻ÷ƽѧУ￴ֵı飬
ûʲôϵҲֻһЩûõĶ㲻֪ÿ͵궫ͻóԵĲƷֽŲɾһ͵͵ɡ˵꣬£
Լģ
裬û°ɣ
ҵȻû㿴ǳԵöɣֻǰ˳ǣҼӸĹǻЩؼңˣֻҪյúóԣˡ
𾪵Ŀǰ裬߼
Ҳ˵֪͵ȴ
˵ˣѵĶЩûõĶֻҪճóԵĲõ㶫õɣСѡ
ȻǮ˵뷨ءû⡣ȻЩߣȻһؼµģҲͲںˣϾֲġ
Ҫ˵һ°ɣϾôصƷڻֻЩСģһ
ĩˣûסǧȥ
ûϵǱһںⷿĶ
ԼŮ
裬ĻŰɣԳԺȺôãеʱΪ˸Ͽԣ񲹵ҹǴûмĸĸ컳ǲǼ̳˴ŲĹŮ
ǻţţӦ
ͨ绰
Ȼ£һΣߣһΰɡ̧ͷŬһδ绰ʲôʱ
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ǵȻؼˣÿ춼ؼҡ
ˣҿɴûֹ
мңֻطǵļҡ¶΢΢Ц
ˣͻȻϣԼ
˵һ
ҸĸĹºܳܳŶιûȤҪΪͦԵģҪҪɡ
˵ˡͻȻ䣬ɺ
ѧУΪʲôνı飬ЩˣǸԭĲԸȥ
ΪҪǿ˵ԭĻ
Ǿǣ費ϲ̫ͣǹûĳʱദ֪ĺܳںκҲںκҪһûĵŮκһѪԵϲһΣڰҹҵʱԽߣ㶵Ķſڵ̺С˯裬Ժȴ˼һ˵龰ô˼˼ǻһô龰
ɼǺȫ¡
ԣҪ֪ļ£˵ܳܳǸܳܳĹ£˭Ҫ
粻˽裬ΪûȤ
˵ҪԼȤˣ˼ϣǾϣ
ϲ衣
㡭ҪҲء
Ȼںܾ֮ǰһ㣬һֱһ£ֱڣΪĸɴܾһ˿Ȼ
Լûһ˿ȤԼȴԽԽϲˡ
ϲ˺һ͵ʱ⣬ǻڶһ춼ҹڴ棬ԷһûһĽԼл̫ϲĺϣܹһֱȥ
ڵ̺ϿеʱҲװ˯ϵ۾͵͵ԼдεıӰ
αúܺÿӪ˶ϣֱǸ߶ǣǵУڵŮһֱתȫ飬ΪԼ͵͵ǿıŶžͻ̣УҲϲ֣˽˽СѩֻˣֻȰϵͬѧһ꣬Ѿ˵ĳˣĺʵؽڷ˵ȣˣ˯ʱһЩ룬Ǹǿ׳ı˫ʵȵģܹסԼ˵ҲʵڲСѩȻǮȴǸڣɫСѩҪףҴϲȡŮһϿȻҲԸӡ
ôأ
ֻʱûδԺûаôĴ򹤣ôƴѧϰ²ܴ󸻴ҲȻǸܳеεĺж
ĺĽСѩԼΪûСѩûһ˿Ҫ˽Ȥ

14

ȷʵ˽裬ԽԼ˵ȴԽ⣬Ĳ˵ĺϲֻɲżȴѧУͬѧ֡УҲĺܰʳ𲻻ĳ̶ȣ˵ӵŮʼɵģϾһĿ·ʵھˣɿԲ϶˿ԾֻһͨŮСѩΪ˳Բһڵ˰죬ΪߣҪ˵ɿָʳˡ
Сѩ
СѩƺҲûеʹˡ
ȻϿΣǻᾭСѩķ飬ǣûǿҪѹˣ糣룬ǲǱЩ̫óԵͺͲòĹθˣ
֪ܾ
Ȼ͹˻ǻΪȥ۸ݣһ˵˲˵ĻԭԺҵºܷУǽ֣ԼȻ

ţݡ
Ҫ̹࣬ôݣԻ˫ִġ
ȻΪںߵýͬѧǵĺܶԺɫ貢ںǻ۹еŮӣֻʮꡣ
ѧУķԷû÷ŭϾӸ˵ȷʵͬͬ
費ƽŮԻŭߣһʲôģֻǾãͬѧ˵ãҲһһĶ԰ɡ
ȷʵÿ춼һ𰡣һԷ
Ӿţƽܳʵ˯ûٿǸڶԼǰˡ
磬·Ӵ˾ͻˣ
ǵģ·
һ죬ӵ˸׵ĵ绰
ҪʲôҽĹȥְ̫æͲȥˡ
ãˣллֵҵաƽԸĸĺ⣬ܿ
ĸҲ绰
æһֱڳԸףС裬֪衭
ˣллҵգõġǰһģһĸʽҲƵһģһ
Ȼĸĵ绰ûʲôãȴԼԭҪע¡
˵绰ץϵ̨һصȦ²ע⣬ɫˮʱһ֡Ҫףտ֡
Ӧһۿɣ
Сѩ˵֪ԼȻûŮĴǣ˵һտ֣Ӧòݰɣ
ʲôﶼҪֻҪһף
У԰̻ϣ迴ٳϵڴǸǵŮСеһ
ῴİɣʲôﶼҪֻҪ˵տ֣ͺˡ
оߣǵĿڶ׼̻ʱһˡ
ոգܾվһֱԼ
Ǵɣ
һߣ軹룬Ǳ̨ͷÿдֵϣ绹ÿ쿴̨ϰߣԣԻῴġ
ϣи˿Զףˡ
Ǵͷ󺹣ŮǺȻ죬Ѿһ˰ܿˣڴ
ߵϣԼѧţ淭ʮ飬;ͷȥˣԭӳƺ磬ڳӵĴ·ϱۣһ·ÿ춼ջŮ˿İĽ
ҵİڹǣЩһô
ԴӺСѩֺٿʼһµ飬ټܳһʱΪ˰踨Σȫû˼
裬üͷø˧
ǸһҵܻϸмֱǸ漣ܶĿҵдʹͷʹ֫ľҪţ֪ôڲ˹̺ӿıԣھһһϵһҪ྽⣬Ŀļ¹֪£ǣǷİôãǰĳɼǲ֪УԼĳɼոһյϰУɹܵһУֱֵĴȣڰ칫ż裬˾˵ԼѧӣĵصѧĵУҪȲȦʲôġ
УģȻΪֻʮĸοԵԼǵ˼УתȦȦֻÿԳɼʱ죬ڽż⣬űԼ߰ͷ
٣δϰˣǵýȥ㹫˾򹤰
һС㣬Ҵ򹤾ͿˡȻ˵źû־Ļ֪ҪͷصģÿͷʱΪĻҲΪСѩ
γ˫ԣʹൽľٵ󼫶ȿĳͷء
ĲΣֻҪ㹻ƽ̨ԺһҪ
ǸʱСѩ㻹ѡ
ĸҲı仯֪ԼĶŬڵǱŬҪŬˣҲȷʵʵˣҲǰ»Ӫˡ
鷽棬ƺҲûΪʧþɥʹӣǷֽµŮѣΪʵڿһʧӣĸ׵ֻԷǸǮ˼ҵĴС㣬ڹȥΣȻгкǮҪĵĻظĸҲֻա
ĸ־˵£⵹ЩģĸΪСѩ٣ӱģǸģʵ򼫶ȵۣС񲻻ȻϿûʲôʵ͸ģԭΪҪóһʱһ겻û뵽ûж񻯣Ӹòһˡ
ĸƵģԭ;һ̻ƵСѩʺ϶ӣƫƫϲû뵽Ըһ̻ƵСѩҲ̻Ƶģ紵ɢ֣Ҳһ׮¡
ĸҲСʹ磬
Ǹ裬ǲǶ
ܵģ裬ѧУ˵ͲҪٲȥˣ緭ۣοִС㣬˼ܸʵġ
ĸʣ˽£Ƕǧл
룬˵ˣ˶Ϊһԣֵ̫
裬ֻ˸һ֪֪ΪĶԻֳġ
Լͬһ˵۵Ĳͬ
֪ѾµģӦ˵Ǹһ֪
ȥªļﶼеƹ͸һֱڼҲ˯ĵǰǺϰΪ£ıʱ˸ĸ֪ÿÿʱ룬һˣһֱסںܴܺķʲôܣ
ÿε޺Լʱ綼ҪԼҪͷ
Ůž޴ĺڰɲ⡣
Χֻĵƹ⣬ԼһԶܻľɲż˵ԼСӼ𣬾һס粻κйͯˡ
Ϊ裬ǡ̫µˡ
ûиĸ飬һˣѧУκ˶׽Ҳûмκ˺̸Ц
Ĳһ
ںҹ裬ܺڵҹǺġ
ܲںʵһ˴ţȻҲڳʱ˵ͣ
һʲôо
ԼСϵȥԼĸײߵ״̬ȴôãݵƸо
ͷһʶȻƶһԳ֮ΪҸĵطʤ衣
Ȼƶûиףĸ飬Ȼ󣬵ֻֻ˵ޡ
Ǯۻһ̶ȵʱҪǽǮˡ
ʱ磬ȫûʶһ㣬ֻ룬Ϊһˣź
ûз֡
˵ѡӡ
վڰ֮е裬һѣǣΪСѩʱر鰮˿е
ڵҪġ
һ죬һվɡ
һ죬һվɡ
ûҲûտֵף
һվɵһ죬Ĺȥ
ĬĬĶ̨ڵļǺűʣͷȦǾҪףտ֣ģϸģһڡ
һȦڣպΪһȡն

15

һϣֹ˴磬˴ꡣ
豧ޣһ˫޷˯۾
ûпƣһƬڣһƬڣ˷ǽϵӰʱţִһ꣬ûףտ֣ˣҲ˿ɣְӦĸᣬܺܺȻһ
ã׸ˣҲԵıݺøĸˡ
ǣǲǺԱνĺøĸҪСӹһհɣ
ݳҲҪȱϯ
ѵϣûһˣһտ
ڷУͻȻһжû塣
켴ʱˮһһˡ
ڴϣһֱ˯
粻֪ôˡ
ȥңʹȱΣǰÿյĿҵɡ
ٺһѧҲٺһ𹲽ͣԷʱ䣬ԭΪԼڿ徲ĳԶ͵磬ķ֣̫塣
ΪβȥѧУֻһ˯û
Ȼ˵ҲгԶͼȥ˯ˣȫûĻ
оĲԾͲϰߡ
Ե˵죬Ҳȥٶȴķ䣬
Ѿˣ
˯
Ѿ˯ˣ뵱ľ𣿡

Ȼ뵱ľǣҲҪɡ
ΪʲôҪʲô壿ĸߣ깦ΣҲȥġ
ֻޣκˡ
㵽׻Ҫ˯ã
֪
˺ţ׳ջ
˷Ӧ
˹
㡭ʲôӣ
͵˾ͷһѳĲ˿´
һû˯
˯µһֱ֣̱˵ذϡ
ˣɣһ
գ绹һȥͣϣȻǺһܷʢǺһûоöóԡ
صķ䣬ڵذϣֻһƣŴشԼһ
ȥýżҪˡ
š

̲סּһ䣬
Ҫ㹤Ǯˡ
Ŷ¥³Լá
û߿չȥˣ
ûС
ˣ
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ôô䣿
Ŷ˯̫ˣûɡ˵úԼǿأ¶ֺЦĿһ
ĺ棬Ǵشɫҹɫ꣬ɫҶһһ٣衣
֣ʱᱻڰɵĸоٶȽˡ
޷ܵվһ
ȥȵˮ
ȡ
Ǯ˵ǧӵ𣿡
ô˵СûʲôȴִŵƿĿŷ꽻ӵĴ⡣
ָȥչ㰡没ҲԼ¡
š
ˣ
š
Ҳûʲô˵ģ簵Զţһһߵſڣ¥ݣڴŴ֮ʼû뿪һȴָۻȻٶ¥ص׻ߡ
迴Ҳһۡ
۵׻һ˿ھΣ룬ս
Ǹұ룬ҪҪȥѼҹҹˡá
ѧУķԷ˵ЩĵʵܸоԼ˼ֻǴʱѡӡ
£˲ˡ
˵ЩʱЩԥѾ
Ҫңģ˲ͼ˷ܵץĸ첲ùˣҲкܶĶҪҪ壿ҪҪѰ˿ƣ˶ˣӦҪһ𣿣
סˣû뵽Լôһ䣬ȻĳͻȻ˾
㻹Ǽˡ
ǰһľңһ
ҰȥԵ㶫ŶӦҵģҺܿģҪȻȳĵģ±ߴ򿪳룬صʳȫǰ
ҰҰ
ܵץŲͣ˷ܼˣ˵ҪһϣĵһУЩѹļԶĹµ˲ʧˣ
ʲô
ǰһѻ̵ʳһʱỹΪʲôͻȻ
һﵽںЩʲôȻԹʵϣ֪ôµģһеĲԾǴǰʼģǰ
ûǴһա
Ϊϵ̨ÿ춼һۣ缸ͷ֣ǸһǱüǺűȦܴһԲ벻עⶼС
дһ䡰Ҫףտ֡
Ǹ㣬Զ
ȻͿˣǣͷǲġ
ʲô£
Ǯ˼ҵСգѵȱһ˼Һӵ
ٽյǰһ죬ԭɫˮȦԲȦһȦ죬ƺǿǿᷢƵġ
ĲʱЩˡ
ǹԽԽǲκαʾ
ŶƾʲôҪ˳⣿һϲοһǮǧľϲҲС˵ġ
ѧУ˵һֱֹܽ⣬ԴʹԼĸоʱӶ϶֮Ĳܡ
ܣҲҪ衣
չĵڶ죬ԭȦӺȦǸһһڣɫģɫȦȫˣҪףտֵ֣ҲϸϸͿһȦڡ
ǸԲεĺڣüͷһ춼ûɿ
Ǹĺڶ
ϲĲϲǸʱģֻԶԶ뿪Զһ㡣
Ǵʱˡ
ǰȥԭڰ˲еһЦ
Ϊû˵һտ֣
ðɺðɡ
֪һ죬ǰ˵ʮտ֡
ںЦͬʱ̾ŮĴ߼ͲһŮҲߣ̫µˡ
Ͼһ죬Ҳǿ⣬ȴĸĸȻûй
Լգÿ겻Լ˸ϣ룬ԭô򵥵һ£Ҳ˸˵Ųа
ˣǡ
͵ǣԼյһֲɡ
ջԼ˼ȴΪԼǰ龰ɴ۾ֽУ
һϷ
Ϊʲô
ҲŲҪȫأ
ĶëëŵѾͷ·壬ˤӣ˭ģ
ҪȻǳ裿粻ϲ⡣
߼죬صƣͶӰǣҪ˵ʽ̨һˮ豸
ֱӴӱߵ룬ΪǵңǾôֱӿᣬһҲܿɹۡ
質衫˷ܣѻͲݸ
糪軹ͦģʱŮڣֳҪˣʹֻһˣҲǰֶĺˡ
ô𣿡ͷ¶ǰδйͬ
ĺܺ
翴˷ܵ裬еز
˭˵ǹŮͰŮûʲôͬЦǻҪÿ
ûôֻ࣬Ǹ˼ЩûõĶڿһˣӵҲйһαʹõľˡ
аҲܺ
㣬ͦ˵ġ
µ֪ҲͬʱиԼ֡
ԣڶһɿݵȼǻʼҵľһƷֻڻС
ĺܰҺϲ
ϧ⣬ܴ硣
ǰӢ֮Իлдλǳͣڵ˽ĿΪкô
һ㣬һֱ
ϾǸŮĵĻڴֻһ΢СڴΪǳȥգѾ粻ܼƬ¶һ㡣
ֽ£ֻҪ⸶кôɵãܳĸ֪ˡ
ģдΣĹͣٵһK裬ҹйҹеʱһͶӰӰĿԽԽḻˡ
֪ԼԽԽˣ˿ԼĹĿ֮
ɵҪʱʱĲ

16

һĹ
ĩ˽ڣԸ˵ǸԼԼӣܷϹǿκһԼȸ̲ɶģ̲ͦ࣬ӵϰϰæòɿϢİϰϰﶼæ
赱ȻΪԼᣬԺԾһ˳ͣҲûΡ
ҹ
һȥҹѾǰ˵ˣڴ򹤵ݣֲϰͬˣеԼûȥҲûȥղˣԷһ٣ܳȥһ˳ˣǸӻǰܳȥʳ
˺üҳʳ꣬ļı꣬һСſͷĿӣȴȻ֣ڰǮӣ֪ʱˡ
ողŸ˿ӵǮ˳һô᣿

ǮˣǣԿ׻桭
ޣ
һӾһָⴥ˰Ϥľɲϣʱ
ھͺá
ǣڣҪô죿
̵ֻܱϰ绰ףǵ绰ûӣҲǣ˽˳ǺھƵ񻶡
ٴĸס
صͨˣǽӵ绰ĸЩȻ軹ڳ׼ͬ¿һƵ飬û취Ŷ㻹ְɣ㿪š
šĸҲںСһֹڣûнҴͷ
ôûνˡ
ɥĹ˵绰ͽѴ绰ĵϰл֮һ˼ԽԽֵȺ
֪ķ֣Լֵ򣬾ȻǽȻ෴ġ
ҹб׻ζЦţżһֻûбǣסϺɫҹա
軻һߣ
Ħ࣬кö˺ͬһطΪʲôֺܹµĸо
ڼȺӿĵضΣڽֽǵϴһֺһֻ˹һӣ»صϣŴ
ԶֵȺЦƹ⣬Уڵĸʽƺƣϲҹ衣
ôЩɫʹװƷЩ˫ɶԵǣڳԼĹµ
벻Ҫô죬ҲҪ˯ȵ죬ٸĸĸ绰
谺ͷţҹգ
ûһǣֻһܷɻĵƹ⣬һһԶȥƣѷɻĵƹ⵱ǣʼԸ
ۣԼҪʲôԸ
ȱǮкܶʳԺܶʳΪ˵ʳܺãǲÿԶٵɿ黹ǲҹһܰ˸飬įļҪʱʧ
ɻɻҲ̰ģֻҪһԸһֱߣҲһԶõĶ
˵ʱ뵽硣
һˣӦþǸõİɡ
ӻĹͲˣǸǰչϰ壬˵һݲԸǵĹҲֻǸԼҽ̵ĹǮһֱ㣬ݹʱҲ֮٣ְļְˡ
ȴһݴˣݳ˿黹ȣСĵط֮һﲻԶҶʮСʱӪҵ
ȥɡ
ͷһ
輸һ·Сܵĳ嵽ꡣ
ʵԱϰ࣬ûдǰεļįˡ
һӶ¥һ·ϣͬЦݣ
ӴŮѣ
˽ڹҵģа
ǡ罫һߣ
ʲôͻȻ
Ѿ˵һ飬һͷѵ
ԸҲԣжģ
Ҹûע⵽Լԩ
ҸûԿס˵̲סİĸĸץһ٣
ûһΪ˸ĸȻ˻һŮͷεҲǰûмǻǵĺ𣿡
ӦǰɣȻǮû뵽軹Ǳ绤ֻʵ޷ۣܸоֹ֣һʱ˵
ҽô
ʲôôôôͨӰɣһֱȻȥҸţȥȥɡ
Ӧú˳ҾԼѵúܺģ
ǮûУûǮȽ㡣
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ˡ
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ҪȥˡĻӸ־ͽͷȥˣٸȥҾŮˣϾ˽ڡ
軹ű̽ͷˣڻع޵ͷĳ˵š
ͷǳˮƻԻͣųԼҪȥĸط
ղһ·а˿̵βʣ
ſתעɻǲᡣ
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ܵ·棬һӳͷʱһѽקߣ

סˣû뵽羹Ȼ¸ϽȰϵĨɣǰδãȻ
ͬ·Ӱ飬вһ־ȴˣ·ǶǶԿƲ˵Լһ·ϺϧҲ˵۹⡣
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ﱻһԴҪ˽Ľ䣬شиƽ̨˱ͱ̺˿ƽ˯ĸţŶˮֲＴԿֲᱻţԱһֱСƽ䣬ҲһֱǵȻҲǵͬ´к󣬾ͰϽĽ䣬
ƽҲķϣϣʲôʲôҽ¥µͬʮ֮ǸŵأпλиСͳṩһЩʳϡ
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֪СĿζŹ֣Ѿ˷ۡû˵ޣĳԣҲǺ˽Ŀζˡ
һЩţ̱ССڵĺţû̧ͷ

17

ţ̣
Թܶʳ߼ĹСİ̯ģȴûԹѷţ̻һ
ζĺܺãܺá
ǰ·ϿʧԷ¶
Ҫȥˡ
ááȥæɡ
ͷһԼŵģ粻ĵٶȿһۣȷûʲô⣬Źȥˡ
Сƽ䣬̽ܣȻ˽ڣǶܰݱķΧ£Сƽڶ¥Ľ䣬Ը£˿ͷһյůɫĵƣ͸ĲʢĻԡǰ·ϱҹ紵͸й٣˿ȫů
Ŀش׻ɫı޸һ𣬻Уһֱ¥æ磬һУڰġ
ƽ̨иС輸輸иǿƵƣдʳļĿ迴һ飬·壬һЩЩ
ǸҿԵҹ𣿡
һͨ·޹ڻصʵŸоӶˡ
Сƽ𣿵ȻԣԱĻԵƺר˷Ŷ
ʲô費ϾˣΪܿ죬ͺĹˣ
ͲܰߵͬǴӸղſʼһֱȤӵʱϾͰƳˣԭܿͱһͬ½ӹ
ԲҲ֪ƽ㸺ʵǣҶˣ뿴Ե㶫ԣ𣿴ˣǷţͻϢУɿе⡣
оԼڿ죬
ҹôĶֵûҪ
㲻Ҫ𣿡Ϊʵ򿴰ԵļͬЦ
죡˵ˣ
ǣЦɢΪǵСڴռ䡣
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˵ϣԼ뷨
ҵԭΪ֪ȷʵԼû뷨
ˣԼˣûԼоˡ
Ҫ֪㡣
ɿһûһ´ŵľµĵ⣬ҲԼһ˿Ŵ⳵ʱøɾ
ԶĸоӦΪʵ˰ɣʲôҲ롣
شӣ׼Ϣ
شҹɳˮȻƯӦǶҪϢ˵ƺͲôˣ˯йߣ޸ԼϣЧԾɲʼոойǰȥ
㱼䣬ƺ˽ˣȻȫ޷ߵĹߣҲȫʧˡ
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ӵʱᵽ˽ʱѾǺϤϤϢ
硣
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ֻҪôһ㣬ֻ͹ˡ
ڼį˵ѾԵһˣЩѧУʱӵе¶ںദлΪϲڣȫΪȵİ

ܸһ𣬾һֱһֱһȥԼΪûиĸ飬ҲԹΪû۰ԼֻҪһˣ԰ͺˡ
ǣ粻ϲ
Сѩ
ٶȹᡣ
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Сѩʱʫæʱ飬Ҳд˼ϲ·ʱţ΢Цʱ¹һţǣϲЩԸȥԼͬСѩһŮˡ
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⻻˷ͣСѩһ˸ŵŮװ·ŲǼֻİۣ
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ϲﻹŰᣬ㻹ǿĶAΰɡҡͷֻ⼸鲻ͬķ
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ʵҲˣûʲôģο͵ʹԺ֣ҲõĻ䰡ǲɣϣ˱ǰ顣
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軹ȫȫĶԴ磬κλرΪرҲʹ˻ղˣĩʱֱŷҪȥһʼ־ܾˣ˵θĺãǽ
ǰõչˣֿʼûѹǸӳԺ˯öõ磬ٲȻ֮ĳΣκãʵǰӿʼĴ򹤻ᣬû뵽˲񣬷ñǰѵĺʹ˵һǸûɫǱŸż޵ĹŮһ
ȻУ԰ҥһֱʢ˶ûг塣
ֻΪԵĹϵѧУ̬Ҫڱ˺ܶ࣬ǣ֪Ϊȫûλã⣬û˻Ըһûо˰һ
޶ȣ費ϣԼԺܶʱѧУԵЩСͬѧǶˣʲôûи֪ѾĸȻ
Ϊ˸ͻ뵽Сѩͺܲ£ЯЦЩЦܶʱԼ˵ЦظһЦõ͵ı顣
ʹҲˣ٣粻ôСѩˡ

18

紿ֻǾһģҲôᣬһˣ˵˵ˣᷢǸһԺЦ¾ͻЦͣˡ
ϲûϢô죿
ȻǹػҲأʡ磬á
ǲǺܺЦ
ࡣ
һƽǲǳƵ˼㣿ȻôΪһЦЦ
ȻЦӣͦɰġ
ȻΪеʱ鲻ã绹ǷԼĸйеıˡ
Ϊļǳ޷޲ƽ
ͨŮƾʲôӵԣļͥסôĴʲôʲôӵУշˣأȻκ˲ȴƶΪľȣʧȥİŮѣôϧСѩΪĲƸŮȴϧЩ˸ĲƸһ͵͵Ҳȵν
һʱ䣬ǳǳ裬Ķ̬Ҳǲûзȡ
ǣ߿ʱⲢûдڶãСѩԼһǸԿֻܴˮǽΨκγЦԼݳԵɿ
СѩııѣͬѧǵԳЦߺޱЩʱ⣬ȫΪõĴڣԭԷйĺڰʧÿһپİŵͣÿһβôЦЦʧÿһĩĽУʧÿһ༸ҪŵҵУʹÿÿСѩˣȼģҲǷ߿Թޣһɲĺǿ
һҪ
˵ʼעĿΪռƣôڣֻǼӷˡ
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ã
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һʼͰ½ƽʱͽļͬѧһǮЩͬѧֵȥȣŶ̹ǵĺȥѰʢС䣬ȻΪθ˫ǮСѩһݹ۲ҵҲҪһɡ
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ûϵģǮҳһٴóԵģҪʲôֻҪȥ
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Ǯͺã裬ûʲôɾ͸еĻ֡
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軹Ǻ˷ܣıо˲һķ磬дŶĺȴо䣬ֻоؿڵһȡ
Ȼɽʱĸܡ
źεʸߣɽ·ʼʪĿʼ䣬һЩϸıʱߣܿɾͲǹݵˡ
졭ˡɣŲԼ񡭡ԽԽˣû뵽ٽɽ㺮䣬ĺʼо˲泩Сܴʵڳܲ㴵࣬ǣУͬԼɽĲ翴Լһ档
ʵҲֻǸͨŮеŮ
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ĿԵĲˬͻȻķӦΪСѩ
ͬ϶ǱǰСѩҲԹϾԼϲůСѩεĳ
æҡͷȻ֪ڵ翴ʶĶҡҲ䣬һ㶼䣡㡭䲻䣿ǰͷһɣ
ˡ
һ

19

ҪȻ⳵ȥɽɡ飺ԽԽˣҲġ
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ΪʲôӦǺܺЦһȻЩжʶģץ˻ޡ
ڱ˿ֻһɲżޣȴԼİο
ʱȴͬʱûз֣żᣬڵǰҲû¶
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Сڲ
ѽǡ
ͻȻʵÿɰ
ֻǾãС
ѵҪдڣ㲻Ȯ
ǡ
˲٣ҲڰǰƷй˳ЩŮĺְһҲܳԣĦк棬ֲǰ濪·Ҳ˵ɸ£˵䰡ʲôģȴ˵䣬ǸСѩʲôֲꡭԽ˵Խ࣬·ѺܾǶʱûжСѩɳĻȫˡ
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㻹ȥ⳵ɣҪȥɽҪɱˡ
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ܿ˺Сڡ
ĽԿף費Ը뿪һֱԭصȰȡ
ʱĿ·ڣϣܴܿĦеʦ֣˺þãżĳ⳵ʲôûС
Щ⳵˾ͣĵǲûǮɽ΢ЦžܾˡԽԽ·ҲŨصȾʪȴ·ڣϣһ˲䣬ǸߴӰͻ֡
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ϵҽԺʱ֪Ϊ˲ʵĺзԭ֢תΪתΪʣҽԺ˼ѾصԼĲ
ӦѾûʲôˣԺҪעʳҪʲôҳһʿ꣬ȥæĴλˡ
ĸڳ˯粻뿪һֱߡ
һֱϰ˵࣬ĸ۾˵ȥ˻ʿõ֤˵ȷûˡ
ĸȴĪ
첻Ǹͬѧȥɽˣ
Ϊ㡭裬ԺҪҳĶˣȻ˵ûǮóԲ𷹡
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Ի壬󡣡
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ôˣɽ䣬Ǽһ䣬Ӧͻؼ˰ɣȻƶ绹Ǵ˸绰ұ
ҵĵ绰û˽ӣΪнԽҲûйղˡ
ԽãľͳԽ
󼫶ȲĹû˽ӵĵ绰
Ǹ׳գ

20

òĻɽϰɣ
Ǵˣһ˶֪ɽˡ
ȴͻȻ辭޵ģ
ˣǸ׳գ˵˼ά
绰û˽ӣ˵ڼңôڼңô
벻ȥˣͽ裬ܳҽԺٶһ⳵
Զɽ·ϣ̽̽ȥɽ͸粣ȿԼİ
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21

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ҲʧʳҴҸꡣ

22

ص鷿ɫҶʣҲɢ̱ڵ̺ϷԹԵڱϰæϣĵأߴپдҵ
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23

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24

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25

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Ĵ岻ٸˣˡ

26

С˫ǰǿɶһﵱûпͬţĴ
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ҵ°ܽŮѶסû취˭أ費ǳʳùʣĺз

28

ҲϣҥԣϾͶʵҵҲйϵԲ֪еĻİɣ֪ģԲҥԡ˻ξƱһڣ˿ߴĿĺģأϵŮ͵͵ֻؾ
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Сѩ߿ճλãһҰܣѿ
ĳ֣εı֣żҵĲΣգڽͬʱ䣬ȫʱĹ
֪пܻ磬ȥ˱ͷһָף·Ҳȥרϸѡġ
ʵ˵СѩԼҲ㲻Լ˼ֻ֪ʮֻ꣬һ޵Ŀ⡣
ǺȻòɹĿ⣬Ѿǰõˡ
ŰϵŮΧ磬Լȴǰֻйµš
Լжĸ飬Ȼ˲ֹһ˴Σǣǡ
Ϊûаżҵʵֻ֪
ңֻϾҾļˣծҵծôأ̫ˣҲǵȻġ
ң鲻ǶϷżҵĲĳ⣬Լòڻǰ͸˵Ʋķ䣿иծӦöǰƲİɣ
ǧǣ浽
У˵Ҫױ鷿ģڻס𣿵ʱ˵˾ʽתеţֻ׿ô죿ΪʲôԽԽң
ô
Ϊʲô
СѩԽԽ࣬ԴʼһƬң߲Ķ磬˧ߴʵʵڵ緢
һˣഺٵʱԼ
κһŮˣΪԼӵһι¶ɣοСѩ
ֻԼǳңԶˡ
СѩŵģԼСС̾Ϣһ
绹ͬѧǵĵ㣬ǳЦвм

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ɫ棬·ٴſˡ
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磬ǲǱҵ󣬾ûϵ谡ͬѧɫء
ں޷ش
ȷʵûϵ衣
費ģҪңҲġڣͬѧ
ô£ϽֵǳЦڻָһ㣬٣ͬѧǵĳȷûг⣬һ䣬ǰӱҤˡ
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Ҳֻ˵ģһֵĺˣͬһʱ䣬Ǹʵ̫˵г飬ûͬ¡
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ɲǣǸֵ˸˦ˣǸһֱϡ
ԣȫ
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ĸأôһһ𣿡˲ϰԣæʡ
ֻṩǮҲĸĸϾǮĸĸ࣬費ôԽһС㡣
˭֪Ҷǲǹ¶ˣûмҳ
ףǮҾͦģڸϼҲô·ʲôģҸоľҲ˺ܶ࡭
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İ֮鱻ȼգŲڳ衣
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ιÿڵ°ɣСԼҲûŮŭԷ˼ӡ
ˣǸҺǮɣôȥӻ򹤣
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һİϢıҪάֲȥˡ
ץסʵһ£
ô֪ϢųϢŮͬѧԷıȴ£һšһֱĬСѩ
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29

Сѩоɬѣ־ͷЩʱ֪ЩΪһԣû뵽ʮ羹Ȼע裬Ƿʮʲô˵ѧʱڣʹʲô
Ż˵һΣȥϵС꣬һΣǿȥּСԣҪҪĹû뵽ܾˡ
ôʶģԵŮǽͷݣοվСѩһӣûռһʲôĵλںܶȻΪǶƽƽģԷ̵Ļſھ
ǲ֪ôôġ
Сѩǣû£ֻ˳ֵĹϵַѲ˶¡
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СѩȥεĹ˾ϰࣿ
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лĺ⡣Цܾȥһ쵹Ĺ˾ֻ׹
磡Сѩ۾ˣ㽲Ҫˣ
ıۣǽͷݵŮֿʼƲ죬ΪֱǰСѩĲмԸĳѰһڳǵĲǣ
軹ǵùֿ!
˵ھô
ôãǰǴС㰡ȻٵȥС㹤
Ĭˣٰ֮ЩʲôûȤˣԭһװףЦôĽɺ޵ûˣǣڣûȤװˡ
ǸС裬סŸ˱Ȼȥӻ򹤣˸ӡΪˣ
뵽Īķꡣ
ȷʵվ˶ˣǣ裬Ǹӳվ˶˵Ůȴ䵽˵ײ
ͬѧɢ˺Сѩ棬⣬ǳˮĴ·⳵һоС
ûСѩ̧֣һܳǰ˰벽ȴĳ£棬翴һۣ鲻䲻
һ̣
ıȫûһ˿ͷ·һδͬѧ
Сѩҧסǣõüͷͬʱ¶ԼͷҲɽ·ʮ·ģװ˳ë۾ȴһֱû뿪̾ܳ
Ȼܳˡ
ǱŵЦݣɡ
Сѩƫȥʲôάſףˣô򳵣ͬѧϣһ̡
˵ˣʲôֵأ˼Ҷ˵ͬѧˡ
СѩϳΧûͬѧһ˿֣磬еأ
е·˲ֿʮ꣬Ҳ֡
ô⣬˳Żơ
ѿѿȻҶ˭֪δ򡭡˵Сѩʣ֪ԹңǸʱҶԲ㣬ұ㣬κˣǣ磬ѾʮˣʲôҲ÷ˣοҲҵгɣֺαƽϡ
˵⻰ʱСѩٵģһɹˣԼʮ꣬ĸŮ˶ĶοйĵСѩ
ĬĬΪֻ۽ƳһСѩЩ꣬ߣȻǹðݵģһƣ̵ôµķͣҺɫˮףСˮ
ϰ𣿡ͻȻʡ
Сѩһ㶣ʶľͻر⡣
絭ЦЦЦԼ
ҲǣţαĳĴ򹤡
ҲûΣֻĳŮһչ¶ǡô
ȴˣ
ӣίҲǣǺᵶᰮҲһʮꡣƮƮĺһ˿
Сѩ۾ֺˣǳװίʵûлԼ⣬ֻһζظ
磬㲻Ҫ˵ˣ
ԷᣬǸż˵ĸˣҲһˣҺһҿԼƴģСѩ˵۹ż۹һӡ
˵ЩʲôãҶˣʵʵĵСѩҲװȥļĥЩ
統ȻҲע⵽ˣѳһͣĿתΪȣ
ֻǶѣû飬𣿡
һСѩһ̧ϵıνʷ׳ʣ⣬鿪ȫţӽʱͣһ룬߼пˮζСѩͣˡ
㵽ɣҼǵǰεļˣ͵Ͳſˣʡñᡣ
ԣСѩЩæҵ˳ΣȴǿԶȥܳڵأز
ҹڴϣֻһûһµĿ۾ȴûһۡ
ҪĶõˣͬѧǵۣεĶʺޣСѩѿĻںޣٱʱԼֻڸʻϡ
ⲻԶ
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Σֻ˼ȥԡҳ裬ʰͣ׼˯¡
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֪Լĵʲô
ԭһжǣиˡǸԭʤ֮ҹ
衣
ôԼǸ
ƿůɢȥΰҹ̹ǵĺڣ˶Ȼ͸
ȥůţôԼ˱
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׮ĳ£һᱩ¶£رѾǹʵĳɹʿ
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Ҳ϶貢ûзֵ£һֱģ޽Ǯʶ
ԭúúú޹أһֱΪԲ衣
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жʱ裬ҹҹﲻͣ˵û񾭸Ҳ㷢͵Ǯˣ˶ðܱﳤ˴Ҫúܡ
Ǻܿ죬绹ǵĳ޵Ŀ޹ϣתƻԼϡ
ϾԭµˣԼŶԡ
Ҫԭ޷衣
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ǸʱҴææĳ֣ȴϲûһ˿õȴķŭĻϲ
ǸԼںɽôȴôĸˡ
ԼһٵģһСɽϵȵҹ
Ҳһη֣Ǯ˼ҵĴС㣬
ǵԼԣΪʵڹڲ
ԭΪԼʵûٳǸԣǰıҪˡ
û뵽Ūˡ
ɴ𴲣ߵԼ˱ơ
ⳡˣǱر֮һκȾƣȴǸԣĴС
ϣ磬Ϊ˵ĵþƣҲɷ˵ҪȥȺȿ
˵ܺȾƵ磬ȴΪһû˯ͷĻա
˼һŮӶ⣬һѵܱʾԸ⣿

30

Ըⱻ迴͡
ȻûкȹƣҪ˵־ͺĿڵƣ룬ЩǻڣֻҲһӡ
ʱֻϰĿ˼ƿ˵
ȺȿùϾƣ˵̫˷ˣͶˡ
ϾƣЩϾƣ
ֹ˷ѡ
跭ƹߣƵĶƯ޴룬ͬʱҲˣҲֻǸʱź֪ǰͬͬѧһԽĻȻЩûζ
ıԶֻаûиĸϢΨһ˵ΪԼҪΣղˣ֮û䷹֮ǰһһı
ؿڣһ˵ĸо˵ãϾҪǲã˶Ҫˡ
СĸΪ磬ܸовԵĵطΪһֱǸΣĲףǸԣﲻԡ
һֱڣǸԾʲôֻǣҲûʲôˡ
׻֮裬нʮʱûм档
ʤĿʧòˣڿȥͬѧǺСѩֻĴ
ûǮˣ˵һСҪôͨˣҲҧ˷谡СøֽɻĸС㰡
֪ôշ֪ôϵ
ǼûпյҪô
ңһС
粻ȥ
ҴҴȻصңҲǵҪشǿԼ˯
ǸĻչԼɣǷծĻҹͻų£ǸС᲻ᱻſޣ᲻Ӱ


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ʮ꣬Ӧûðɣ
£һҹû˯ãҪȹ
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磬ڽؿ鿴ӣһڴ𽨣µļأ˹װ꣬ҵĳסլ⵱еĲ۲һݵġ
ߵŮˣ˵ƯΪһڽǮò϶ƷǮˣһʵò˵㣬뵱ҪһʱĴƼ˺üѡ޷ǺĻĻ˵æļд绰֮ļ򵥹ҪľǿҪҪҪˣȻƽ⣬ϾԼĹôæ
ʾͬĴĿֱУϲŮȻ
Եļ˹ȻҲǴŮȥһ
ƫȴѧأòȻ̫ڼŮУԵþͳˣûʲôɫҪ˵Ļǲʱĳɿ
ĴĿϣû뵽ȴƫƫ
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ŮڰɡǸŮһֱɿģеһˣʲôû˵
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ǴοСĴ尮һΡ
ʲôԵԵӦǳξİɡ
˵޳裬ܾã֮ǻôһĲɣȻǵ㲻ɣǽʮĲϵȻһֱΪ軹ǹŴС
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סϸĴȷǸŮʮδ裬ǰԵһЩˣɫҲ԰˵㣬϶ɵģҲ϶û˯þϾҪչС
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ͷһ£̧԰׵ſڸߴ磬ôӵʱ䣬˶ŵģЦˣѸٵĴ
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оԼԾҪȥԵǸ߼λҶǿѹϵģԭǼҪԤǰ¡
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⻹ð죬ͰƹˣҸܺù
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裬̫ˣһͬѧϲ״ִСΪʲôңȻΪҲֻͨϰ壬ûʲô㣬ҲˣҲǡˣȥѶһգӦҲûʲôֵǮĶɣʹߣ극ҲͲùˡ
˷ӦĿãĵ磬类Щ⣬趨Ȼ̫жˡ
Ҳ˫ִ򿪣ȴһжˮȵӵ

31

ǣֻЦļʱֻݴʲһˣ
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ôˣ
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ֱָͣͬѧҴȫҥԣٳٶҲˡ
ĪģĵΪһ
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Уһ鶼ûᣬ飿нѣҵͬºˣԾһɢǲǸͨ
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˶ȦˣһΣҵģ
˵ˡ
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þ̳ɲŴģֻô룬ܿʹıʲôϾɼתҧгݣ裬
ʲôʱҵǰһҹʲôģѧУ֮Ҳûˣ
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32

Ӹոյ̬ȣѾԵ֪˴𰸡
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ֻϣ˵Ǹλãڶ֮٣Կһա
ҵȵĿϵԼͬѧϵʽͰļͬѧ񱣳ϵҲϣպ飬ܹ׵ҵԼ
û磬˭ٲܰѲóֻаԼһҵλãǣһҲûϵԼ
ˣʶµʱǸоԼֿһƬڶ
ҵֿĵһ͹úܳأǷ޷ֱȴòԵļįٶϮ
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33

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ԣ
ǣﲻԣ
裬ȥ·ϣһ߿ų˼ǰδеĻҡ
Ϊ壬һй費á

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ʱڵ裬ںġ
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34

סˡ
С裿
кܶŵ㰡ȷ˵ᳪܿʡҿĵһ۾Ͷˡ
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ӰҰһɰһ԰
绰ĸģԴӶӷ֮ľҲ淢ˣȻҲΪǮԾƵĹϵȻᵽģҲʶһ㳡̫̫ƽû¾ЩԳԺȺȣҲʵ֡
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35

죬
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˭ģͬθںõ漣磬ȻɿӣԼ˵ʵ̫ûгԵóԵļ嵰ľҪҪеĳʦݸʦѧϰһʲôŽļ嵰ֱӰ뵽ÿרְ嵰
ûһʿŮʿǰ
Ůʿ𣿡ѧ
ղλŮʿյĲ˰Ȼֻǣ羹ȻΪһС嵰ԣΪԼΪλᰵ˶
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Цҧгݣ
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ðǿԼļ׳ȥȴԷú˧ƽ˸ţȻһӾͶУʱǺ
㡢㲻డ
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ʵԼҲ֣Цôϰ尥˭Ϊһ嵰СԼš
ȻЩͦûӣǿǰûɶûʲôǰ裬˽ԼӵŮˣûҪǰװʲô
ˣôסˣģȥϴСΨһžɲɳϣͬһֻӷèϰķ緶
˵ծҾûطסˣһʼҹʱЩ࣬׬ǮȻǺܲ׵ġЦоЩҪȥ̣˵Ҳûʲô߶˵˵ģʲôҪ¡

36

֪Ǯ׬ҽΪʲôֲҪ
ôϲǮãϰûǮ㲻ϢĽ
ҷҲϢ㵹ȷʵϢԣǮ𣿡˵⣬оԼί
»£ǮҪġ
ΪʲôǮ
˭ǰҲôٷ
ͱǸڹеģʲôˣһҲҪԷ費Ϊһ˳ԷԶϰߣȥĲӬӳԷҲڱΪ̫ͻʳʡ
ôɣﲻһ£ǽֽ׵¡ɳϣоǽмù컨塣
СѩҲûлͷҲ˷ʱûӪĻ⣬ֻ뵽һʼ¡
ҪǮɾͺ˵ˡһ䣬˵ĸӸоʱӿʱЩ
Ҳоˣͷܣȴ̲סļ⣬
磬ʮˣ㻹ǷŲ𣿡
Ҳ֪Ҳֻһִɣ˶ߵĸоܣοʱԼûʸȥȡ
裬Ƶ˵ֻǴܸκģԼĸףҲ֪Լйһ飬˵ǰ軹ҪԼС裬Цˡ
裬ⱲҲֻѰɣ
ΪСѩУȷʵƯ˵⻰ʱһ˿Щ΢ĸӣⷽ治ܻ磬ǵͷѻӹ
ƯŮıǮ㲻֪ЦжÿǸʱҵĺ棬СֱסҵҾ;ҿʲôҪˡ
֨
صĹصϾɵˮͷ
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û뵽һ̨ǰ޹ĻЩ¾ɣĻǺŴ棬ϸ֧
㼸ˣˣȲм
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ȥҰ
ΪʲôңҲķ
ԭ˵ҪǮ˵˵ġ
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ͶԭŮԼᣬʹûŮ򵥵ϰߣǾɻ˳ڶʵΪǰĶû뵽ԼŮ֮Ĵʡ
Լᣬ
ҵңֻһˢ˻һǧԪͭ壬ټӣϰܿĵĶһٸͭҡ
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ֱûб׵¡
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֪ôɣ
⻹ףܾ⣬οǸ衣
СĴսֳ֣һӺ
һӹ죬ռһֲ̨ͬʱµĹСźϰ嶼̲סĹ쳤ӡ
һĻϡ
Ȼԣϰ黹ǲģ
ͦ˼ģⶫ
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ã
СǸ̽ͷ̽ԣеŮĶ˸һװȴӵòƲƸġլУ
СļźһƬ
һֵĽ˷ܵ죬֮෴ɫԽԽ䣬
ò˼ȡ
ʮ֮ϰ嶼ȥˣҡͷкĿȥˡ
Ǹϰ壬ԭǸݰ
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⣬ӮһأɣȻ˵÷ƵȴǺԵҧгݣŹİ۶ϵͷ
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Ͷһʱͻ𣬵ϰ壬ĵһһǰ̨ȥݲϣЦеŽϵ׬ж١
˹İҪǰµľɻӣŵϰһһݲĲֱӣֻŽŵǰֹͬۿֿСǣûõӹĻǰ
һΪ̫ɣ̨ȥ¶ˣסҪĳ嶯緢̳ϵ侲
ŶϰôĶᣬһǻӵԭİȫûзƽĻλá
ǵڼˡ
СȫѺ裬Ȼٴܡ
ˣάֲס侲ǣ˫ֳϷ̨棬һߵϰżĿձӣһսսڻԣҺڵĹΪԵܲõ·

㻹治Щˡ
ҵûз֣˵ҧгݡ
һİ֮̽ѾȫǵĺݣĿҪ̨߳µϷ
վڱϵ̨µϷ
ˮ϶ķˮã϶Ƕϳ򣡡翪ʼָһϰ˺òᣬ׿ѹѹⲻסլǵ棬ļҵҪϳ򰡣ϰ塭
ļ򣺡Ҫ̫ϾֲЩն
˭ˣ̧޷Ļӣ¶׹⣬
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ף͵ϰ嶼֮ɵۣ
ʲҪûҪɣ
ڣһڣʱٱȣҾԻӮ
ҡͷûоʹ˷ֱϵϰ壬ſھͱ˸õϰо˼ֱҪ̫õļ۸
桢𣿡
ҪҪΪˣ鼫Ȳãåļʮʮġ
ϰͷģһ鲻þͷڣϽ˴ϰҪûеҿȥϰסĵط϶еݵģ㿴һģϴϴѵҪҷˣϰٶ˲ֱӣżһæȥ˴̨޵ĵĻ
ϰôôȥúַʽˣΪ̫˷ܶѡȵĵ̣ȻҲûǿԴĵطˣѡ·ȥȻض¥ӻ˯Լĸ¥լ˯

37

·ϣӵһ绰ҹĹϵҲΪĺӣڱһ
Ҫܡ
˵־Ƿ֣˭ڸ㿪Ц
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òʹ졣
͵С¥£賯ֵ

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ҪͺãҲҪԸԸⰡĻ
ãһҪܾһࡣ
迴Цø
Ϊʲô
΢΢ڴ仰ͼ
һֱ֪뷨СѩѾһ羰פĿڣ𣬵٣תһעҪôĲԼϲһ㣬Сѩ֮Ůˡ
ΪǰӢ˵Իͷݣ㲻ֵ
˵֮䣬ûнӻôĿΪһ仰Ҳ˵ġ
ҪԻͷݣҲ㲻ֵԲҪٿСѩˣ㿴һ£вУ
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˭Ů˽ģֿСЬҲѣǰץֿһ٣ž


ȫûֹԸϵվһߣ̨óһԡ
Сӳ겻㣬ҪָֿðҾ֪ԣǸû뵽㻹裡ҾʹûУѾˣΪʲô㻹ֻᱧŲżĹŮʲôõģ
ֿڵأȫұ⡣
С˺˷ֿֿʼڻ׼裬
Ҳ̫Сˣ裡
ңָԼһ
Ȼ֣ΪʲôҪ壡
У˵ǲֻǴѹϵô࣬ǲٵĸģ豾ûСȻԻ»
㡭СӹȻµɫ׺Ľ֯
֮ڷֿҵѣѾʽˣһҵֿ֣һƿСһٹס
ϲ쳤ؾõһ鷳ԺҪٳࡣ
˭˵ڽС㲻ҪŮ˺˵˵Ҿ͸˼δʲôϵûУ
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СһǺܰģֿʼʹ跭ۣСٶǰһƣ
˵ʲô˵ң
ҡҿɴûô˵ֿ࣬һʼΪ˳ȥʵ͸СֳûǸɴ˾ͽˣʼҲ罺ᣬû뵽Ů͵õʱ򣬷ޣ֮󣬷չ˱ޣΪĳ¼СӶԷֿ޷ţѯͷĸ٣ʱˣֿֿʼͷ黨ǲݣɽ˺ģҲĳ
ֿҪģŮ˵ļ˻ڴ˿Եõʮ㣬˼ѪֿΪ裬Ҳļţٶ˿Զۻ

38

ԭΪԼټֿСһԻͷƽôҲ᲻òΪߵĹϵж಻෴ýͦʣ˵ͦġ
ЦʲôǲǾҺܿЦ۽һɨ΢΢ı飬Сһ
ǰΪֿǸǮĹӸ磬֪ǸɲĵĽͷģԴһӦǿðˣ⵹ˣֿ㣬ûһ׬Ǯı£ΪϹСץ񣬵ôȥҪɲģ
ûЦ㱾ͺܿЦġʵĻش
㡭Ҫɱ㣡Сÿڲԣδ䣬͸оһᣬȻ˾˵أûعʱѾӵſڣžǷֿߡ
ԭ˶һһһӳ
´ǹûôÿˣ˲мԼٹ֮ǰӹһ䡣
ֿСȻĬĿ뿪һ·ϣŮļеģ׼ùĵطеֻΨΨŵŵ֮
ͬһϷʣµƬһϴϷ㣬ֺֺЦ
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⻰źԸϸһ룬ţǣȻûֿ̬ѿǣеĲǸ಻𣿴˵һʱҪŮѵķֿҪذΪʦүأƣ˼һʮ꣬׵İ
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費⣬ֿʼϺģ˻ᵽ˵ȥɽӵһΣ
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ҵõάϹŶĻӣҪʱıɣ軹ڸֻ̾˲ĵĻ⣬һ˭ȡǸС
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39

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40

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㵽Ҫʲô˸ֻһ䡣

41

ǲ˴ĭֽ䣬ѿյװ̨⣬˵̨ӹĻʱĹæŰ߼޶ͿĨǽϣµȻͿǴӴɼģŷ޵ǮǲǮģϲŪһЩȻĽϣҲǸǮˣװ޷Ȼ£һҪסģֲͷӵͣľǸסĵطṩߵĶӲװ
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޲Ƕʾ

42

ԶԶԣ޲ǸЦúܿɶٶȴǰҪʱʹע⵽Ծץֱۣûԥ
ǲط
ŶŶŶŶô֪ŶŶŶԶԶԣ찡жҪᣬ˴ͨѨ泩оȻˬ˵⼸ȥʦյ꣬׻ǰ׸˼Ǯˡ
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ϰҾҪǮ̨ˡ
ɰ
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νŰɣǻעһеһУûбҪǻ̲ס

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ǰͿˣˣ۵µĺȦɲĹڸǹȥġ
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꿪ʼʵһֱֲʵУһֱɵ룬ĻԼã
˽һֺɵ뷨ϣܹһֱһֱԼ
ϧǸˡ
ҲȥǰͬǣߵѾ˯š
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ͻȻ뵽ƽϷһ쳱
ˣ̫ˡ
ΪתעֻܴϤֱİСӣѾƼҵϸΧˡ
ΧһУĵֻ̲ס͵͵룬
Ǹܺõˡ
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Ůѣ֪жҸ
û˯㣬Լһ˵ңǮĸ߼棬Ǻһ˯˵ûû뵽ĴˣʱļûиԭʵľСû뵽Ȼȸ߼滹Ҫ
峿ʱһõչ۾
ʮ꣬˯Ǽõ£ȴһΡ
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ÿҲһ첲һŮ˵ĸ첲
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ı飬㣬·ӵȫ磬ʶδı顣
ͺεˣֻнסˡ
ջһģ´ս
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ŵĵŴϵˣԼոһ˲Գ
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ֲͷΪԼΪСǲ˰ĶŮ
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ԼͲЩ߰ҥˡ
裿ôܣ
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΢΢һͷĻص
ΪһԼŽȥġ
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ٶһԴٶȺĻص
еġ
ΪʲôĲ
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ϰߣ
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һֱӵĻϰߵĻԺһѸĻ˵ЩŵͣƺҪôͲܸһ㡣
ȴѾȫˡ
ҲǸʱԿ׿ŵ裬򿪵ţ·ͨڣһƬڵڶ
뷨СԸûӡ磬׵ģһֶӹϵĹ¶Ľ
ǣָֻоһ룬һ붼Ϊĸףõĸס
ĸ˫ȫʵһ˶ꡣ
ģƲ˻ÿһнһĹϵ¶
˵һֱĸԼҪ˺ܶࡣ
ǰŮڼңȴÿζҪſϰԿףȻԼš
Ȼ˽Ĺ¶Ȼ󣬽ÿһʱ¶š
ԭ룬ǣߵÿ˶󣬲ǣ硭
ûκĹϵ
ûУԺҲܻС
ԼƲøɸɾ뷨˽ֻԼһͷҲ両ˡ
ֻǣΪЩԣҲǾлˣڹʲôģǸʱʹҲᵱû
ŲҪãǺһһ
ˣͷβֻСѩ
ǱԼȷţһǸǲˣΪǸս˲䣬Ȼã
裬ԭСѩҪƯ
ʶͷ޲Լ
ˣʮûн̶Ůѵ
ˡ

43

ʱΪԼ˸ΣΧĴѾԼĲΣϸǵʸеİ˿
Ӧøл磬ǣ֪Ҫôл
ֻ΢ϣллִɾɾ˴û˵磬ػ
أԶڵֻ
ʲôȱȱлл֡
ǣԼĺҪл
ڻֻϵ磬
ڣҲԼҪʲôˡ
ҪԷ
벻߼Ҳȥ桱˵Ҫڱװ޵úܸ߼ӻ¥Լҷ
һڴӦˣͬʱҪ͵ʳģȴһڻؾܡ
Ǵ磬Ծⲻȥʵ벻ҪʲôʻȦ۵Աνֻ뿴˧Ľ飬գ绹Ǿͻľֹʵ̫ᣬԻǴڸĽСһϡ
ôϲԼȥ裬оԶҲˡ
¥
ţ˵Ҫǵڴһ֣˵졣
ͬѧ£ȻǹģջĵСѩ
ע⵽仯еעССţһ˿ǿЦ͸ղȣıѾȫӲˣ绹ԼϾ
û뵽ԭңȻרŰѵǵ¶¼
ռǱ˭ʱд屾ģʦǸʱǵռǱС˵ء
˵ϾҲ֪Сѩ⡣
⣿ʲô⣿
Сѩ껹̫ˡԭһֱǣҡȻǵ궼̫ˡ
費ºͺõţȻֿʼ򼦵ţȻǴ򵰵ǵƮ˽
ǰǻȥȲˣҿóҡˣʵͬѧǸʱҷˣǸҾͶˣ㵱ʱӦȥģСѩ̫ǿǱռǣ֪ʵһֱңҪд㲻ҪŪˣȰϴɾСѩĶһ࡭
ˣ
һȦֻ޲ܰ״򴩣ļŹȴ򷢺İĭ⡣
ҿûȤ˵ռǣοô֮ǰĶʲôɵǵģϾ˦֮󣬺ζദʮˣ಻һ꣬ʲôɡ
𣿡Ϊ˦֡
ִûڸ̸Ůôᶮҵ飡
Ǹ
ǸȻûɣ
ɵ磬򷢼һ٣ĩǼҲ˼ĸܡ
ΪԼӵӲˣ˵ĻҲԽأ
õᶮҺСѩ֮
ˣǹġ
౻ݺš̯ʹȻ¶ı飬һںƽۣǲأҲҪ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ㲻ǸСѩھҪĵڶνˡ
ȫʵϲһ
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ٶҡҲŮѡƽƽ׹ʱȴһ˳ȼ̯ϵĳ嶯
ʮ갡ʮĹǰ۹ΪʲôĲ
ȻˣԼҲûõĶȥ
Գ侲򿪻𣬵ͣȹˣͰѼ˼ҺҺ̯ڣĲҪרĵ̯Լıߵĳ˴˻ϻӾͲϺϣ
ҸоóֻҪٸ໥ļΣ鶼ýˡ

һһԭ̯潹ı˲ʱг˶԰룬ٺݺݰ˦׼õĴС
翴ͻȻúܱ裬ڵʳָ˼Ůղ˶Ǻܺÿģô£
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ʲôи̣ǿƤͳʽ⣬ԭ빫б꣬꣬Ǿ˽·źܵ͵ļ۸ĸɵԩͷżԼҪȥңֻûѣΪҺżû飬ûء̻һűδỊ̇Ŀڶű
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Ȼʵǲ֤Ҳβ
㷸źһŮѵ˱ȸߵͣҪ˭һ㣿ڣΪ÷еĻƤ΢΢Ǻ졣
ûоȣ
ҾҪ֤
˵㵽Ҫ֤ʲôҡͷСѩҪˣٰԼ
ҪΣСѩңҵŮˣ
ҲˣӿԭٶĹʳֱֱָؿڣʲôŮˣСѩĶ˱ǩ𣿡
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͵ˡЦҲûٱ
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أץųţûзְĲ;ߡ
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ûԹ𣿡ŵĹץͲΣСڵҧųԡ
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ʲôһûӣҲǰûԹˣ
ڨڨЦСʱֽС̯ıôûԹֻ³Եû٣ֻǼ̫Զһӵˡ

44

˶ûСѩΣѺõĳ˱Ѻõ˵һֿ˺üЦ¥ˡ
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Сѩռǡ
ȻǰӲ˽ʵĺ뿴
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ȣҲҲֻǽڣֻǵ뿴
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ҪĥԽãҪʱҲԽãƫƫϧʱԣȻһԱǼܲ¡
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ǱһˣͻȻڴʱ˿̣һһͷĴ
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ǻЩеûģһֱ˵źСѩйصĻ⣬ʵϣֻǵźȤȻżĨСѩǻᷴġ
ϾСѩеİ

ϸĴϣŴͷĴ㶵ţЩûԵӦûǺǰһ
СѩҵŮˣ

費ԾĳŴ̾
һ׻ҪСѩӰã
ٵĻϸıѡ
ıӣӵһУڶմȾϢ
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ǡ
۾ȥЩԷ֮ǰĻԽԽ׻룬
СѩҵŮˡ
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ҵҪʲô̶ȣװʮĵͺŵڱӵϢʱ˸Ǳ;
ء
ܾãñˡ
ʲôģȻ鷳

˵ֻǸ
˲䣬ãⱻӣҲûôá
СʱסڴЩֵǮԼıо
ǮΧôܹ飬һˡ
磬СѩȴҪչмӣ㲻֪ңӵѹ
ѹѹӻҪչ
ڵϰĴʱʱͻȻ䣬ϰͻ̾
С裬ŮģȻǲܰˡ
ףΪʲôͻȻ˵
ϰЦ㿴Ҿǻӣ˳˳ˮӹˣ֪бġԭϼȻǸʮСУĦ껹׬Ǯ˲Ǩӣԭԭ⳥ǹģһֱֽתòȨˣ˻ҽ˰ţǣûҾ³ˡ
ǣΪʲôȫĲ⣬˵ʮߵĳУԱݿǲַ롣
ϰﵱȫԵȲϺס·ӣǮڵٿһҰĦ꣬ߵ깫Ա
ǵ˺֣˵Ҫҵʱᰡһȣ˰ֱˡϰ̾۽ǵβƺһ̾Ϣ
һ̾·ǵβơ
С衭
ţ
ϲ˰ɣ
һ㶣
УֻǡҲҵˡɬɬϰ׻̹׵ġ
ȥ¥Ǹ˧С
ûأֻо̡ⷢ
ǡǵʲô̶ˣϰ﴿ǹģһ˳⣬Կˣٻһ˸š
Ҳ֪ԶϰͻһҲ֡

45

ǣȫûеǸ̶ȡ
һ仰˵Ĺϵ
˵ʲôϹҿɴӶС¥ĿˣϹϲߣ˵ǻȫûеǸ̶ȣʲôһϣ廹Ƿ尡
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ϰ㵱ڹ˰ծǸŵİɣ
ҡҲ룬ʮûϵˣԼҵġٶʵ
ǰڣվǸԸ̹Ȼˡ
ֻ̹Ȼ绹ǲ֪
㣿˵ҲϲҾ˵ûϰ۾
Ҳ𣿡ĵ׺һ㣬ȷʵûһ˻ĪһŮ˴תɣ
ûû
ϰı֤ûܣֻǸոôһ𻨰˷ܣܿͱʵˡ
еϲԼҲҪģ
ҪģҪġ
ҪһȫİֻиֻΨһû֮һ
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ͷβû˵˵ûл˵Ϊֿڵ绰ֽֿУЦǳɵţ˾ƣȻֹһ㡣
װģԭһغòãҺСûʲôֻǣֻǴܡһҵģ
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ԣҾˣȷʵʣɡ׼绰
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绰һҹҾ֪ˣû취ȥɡûػùֿĳԿס
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Ȼ룬ΪҲΪ̬ʵëɴͷרյˣ
ԣҲ
裡ǲˣͷǵҪҸһ¶ԷǸࣿһɲǰ壬ȫյؿʹ
û裬һһһĿڲԣصƢҲˣһȥ
ֱѸʻϵŮ
һ˻鹻ûĺȥִСǮĴС㣬ôôûǮˣŻᵣķ
꣬ϿߵĶ䣬׼һеŭ
ֿʮ꣬ԭƽĹŮҲ˼̻֪ΪΣܵͦϰߣһʼˡ
û뵽ߵķһ㣬ͻȻû̱С

46

ι
ǰ˵ûǮǶ˵һ˾ͻԣңҪҵʱҾͻʱǰʲôϾܱһ˴ǿ
˵ʲô仰˼ֻܵɴ۾ղŻҪᣬ·ոյĴ𣬻һ
㲻ţ϶ģΪ谡
ʲôʲôϵ
ᶮһֱһһסһԷҲ˵ɣؼҵʱԲôԿװɣȥﶼеŰɣ
ԣ԰粻Щʲô˵ģⲻÿճ
䣺Ͳ˵įȻΪûļį
ͻȻ䣬粻ȥˣ裬úİ
ѵ
£綢һ˼
ԣһ˵ʱ򣬶ı
䣬˺ֹ¶·ӳһˡ
ҼһʱķΪʲôҸĸߣ˵ҵĸĸͷ־ˡ
Ҿ˷־ӣһȫΪʲô֣ʵʸйȥ˰ɣǶʱڲС֪Ҫôźá
ģȴ쳣ĺ뵽ıϸѣѩı
ι㡭
û£㲻ΪʲôҪͷֿϣʵνֻ࣬Բ븴ϣǸ˰ʵһֱûĹҲƽûҲ˵˵ǳ£Ǿ飬ȻһӰɡ
͸ոһĻȴһһĴ
ʲôоһӣ
ѵûҪһܰˣ
ΪʲôҪһҺܰˣ跴ʡ
Լĺڶֱŷ֣ļֵۣģģ֡
Ů˲Լϲˣ
أ
ˣ˵ȻҲҪȢԼϲŮˡ
ͺۣΪʲôҪôһĸۣ
ѵǰûĸ
ǣҰһˣҲҰİңѵ֪϶͵£
ٶŤѾִķͬʱԼĸ룺У˴ӳһֱǲõ֡
Ҳպϣѵ㵱˭ԣ
֪ˣһˣįˣҲϲȺˣǾͰһ˴ţ˭һˣҲӦ˼įƴҪһˣ˭ã˭ԣֻҪһˡ
˵⣬תͷһЦȴһûһ˿¶ȵЦݣ
ҾǺߡ
زһ֡
Ǹ˵ô࣬ʵǷֿ绰Ҳܣ뵽绰ңҾһҲûкϵ˼ǣ鷳ʱ˻뵽ңһǺܿĵġЦתɿЦҪЦˣĺѿĺɬԾһҲ²
Ҳ֪ԼȻڿĪı֮ܵ˶ʹˡ
˵Цĺܳ󣬵ǣ˵һ
˵ǰЦģǣǰֵôЦģ
оԼֿ˵꣬Уֻõ豳ӰһΣֻǲգһ˴ŵǸ棬󣬾Ǹо·綼ļ졣
أ
˴ż룬һҧס衣
㡭
ᣬ㲻ֻһˣ㻹ҡĻеͣûкŮˣʹǸʮˡ
費֪ԼҪʲôӦһȴΪĻٶ侲
Ҳ֪ʲôǣ裬һõѣұ֤
һһ磬þȫǷů
磬ı֤жˡ
סˡ
ҪοģıΪʲôǡ䷴
һԼοѹˡ
Բ𡭡૵ĳ
Ϊʲô
ΪҲܰο㣬Ϊҵ͵ǮΪˡ
Ϊ㿪ģȴû
ⳡϺ緢磬˿̵ľɥ
ҡͷûҪǸʲôûС
һֱֻҡ
ǣһֱҪҲϲҵģҡ
ƽĻȴоԼؿˣԴӺٶȼ֮ĸоḡ
ؿ෴ģԼķӦĸоǳĺá
еĻҪӯȴ
㰡ҿ̫ˣЩֵͷӲºУҪе
ֻһԵĴʣʵǣ˵ˣ㲻
ΪһЩŭڰʾԼһҲ˽Ҫôǰ̫˳ˣ޲ǿ˵̬Ǯ˵ͨɣ
ǲˣڿˣ㣬Ǹ˾ǮˣǲҲᵽįζˣ
į᲻ֻǾǮ̫ˣԶֹͣ׬ǮģȻҲԶᵽį
軹ܺԼ˵ֻҲһ㡣
ˣȥҹɡɿ§ļ磬
ıһǻЩľٶģһֱΪľٶҡڲ
ܲܣֹͣ᣿
ߣΪԼûϢ̰ջɷеһ˿̾Ϣ

47

һҺзĲ죬ԣСơ
װͷԱһһԱƲ׽֪Ǻ֮㣬Ҳºѡ
һ룬֪ϰԼĵ꣬ǼʳȦȴҲԼϯλġ桱
ԭ桱Ĵϰ簡ҲǣиҲϵڳʱû̫ࡣ
ʲôأ
ܾ롣
ǵϣ˼Ѭеһֱз羹ȻЩͷֻ˵ЩǲģҪˣΪܰ󣬶ֹģԾ͸Լˡ
Ҳڰ
֪ʶͷܡ
͵ɡ
Ȼͦġ
Լһ
Ȼ飬ȴǸˣοǰŮˣСѩ˵ְֻ˿ϧɡ
ԼЩ
ʲôģ緢־⽫ʮĹȻл⡣
֮ʱǰŮ˵ĸоӸӣ֪ʲôΪǡ
һδ֮ǰֻѺõ̬ദ
һţ⣬εǰ
һ飿
ЩСָָԼǰľС̣
Ҳа
ָԼĺţ⡣
Щ²ֻ̨ܼţ
ҵĲһ
ﲻһ
߳죬һĢζ
졣شˣԲش𣬾Ųӹȥ·һ㣬͹Թſ졣
оţӣһ
ҪЦĳ嶯־̫òֻǿԼιȥ
ûʲôһʵĵʳĸܣѾˣ̨ͺá
һ棬ҲԼòǾƺȶˣȻ뵽ιԺţ⡣
ǵľԼõ㣬鶼泩ģԱҲ˲٣泩
˱߳ԱģֱͻȻһǼŵһˮζгһŮˡ
ŹˮζʱһֱζϤ
ǣ

Сѩ
˵ʱᣬĺţʱʧζ
ôɣҲѾվǰСѩЦǡôǿ磬ֿ衣
Լĺȥһ䣬ûκλֻòĿ˿ͰĿת硣
ôܻԼᣬҪ˵ˡ΢΢üͷ
迼ҪҪѺţ³һµϡ
ƺǵõԼҪĴ𰸣СѩıѾݣֱҪ
ҿأһ˶Ϊ¡Ļеִ⣬ϧȫڳ̨Լ˵
ϵŮҲܿ
ĿһӲǰѺţȥ
ѾȫһˣճŮ˵
ô
˵мҲ͹
Ц۾
ʲô͡
СѩҲЦ
һˣ½һβƣˮʿ˹ģõʦһ϶ȵļβƿڸвһ
ţ桯ûᱳˣֻǵʱû뵽ϰ徹Ȼ㡣
𣿻᲻̨ˣ
ڱϻĵ롣
мߵĵģһ÷ԱԼϲʿζġ
㻹֪ҰʣСѩ־ϲ
ôſھǵˡ
һ˵ĴΣһ߻ɫ棬п߷ϤĴ֭ţ⣬һŵ
ȵȣŲţûκαŶ԰ɣûмĸɱڻһеġ
ҲᱯС

һҪҸλõģŵǵԼɲá
˵ǲԼˣ
ֹͣкţĶѱϵһ̣Ͽ·Լġ
һԡ
⣬ðɡСѩ΢Цţ۽һûʲô仯裬ĵΪ޶Բһɻ
ûû£ֻ֣˸ʳָ۽ķһС¶׼Цݣ
ϰ壬Ҫʲô
ƼȲһβƣǡ
ˡæ£ȻٳλŮ΢΢һ첽߿
㻹ǵòҪҼǣСѩ¶ľϲԽԽࡣ
˵ˣô¡
źţ⣬еúϸ飬·鰮顣
飬ɲôһ
㰮ңҰ㣬㲻ңҲ㣬ߣ㰮ңҲ㣬㲻ңҰ㡭

һţ⡣
ҪǷţһܳԵȻͺˡ
С裬û°ɣСѩͻȻ֣һУ·ע⵽Ⱥ˿ͷԣǼ֤ԼĲ²⡣
û¡
ǣ㿴ܲأǲҴŵˣ
ô˾߿ɡ
˵ĳһǣֱת⣬ڶ𣿻лɴա
ڶɫһ䣬迴Ҳи
˾ʲôɱ׵ġ
һֱĳˣʹҪ顣
ûССѩû뵽ͻȻʣֲòشΣһƺԵøӹ졣
ĸŮҪˣ飿
ɴǶƵģԣڻûġͣ˰ΣСѩһ˵ԽΡ
ۣļٵģȻɴƣҪܶǮɣСѩʮһյİ㣬ĽԽ˵ԽͣϵЦǰδеĲãҲǰδеһƬΪ˭óɫԽԽѿ
ܺãͶˣһѹ
Ҫʧһ
ɼ˵ĻҲעģ㿴ңҲиۼ޵δûˣΣҲҪΪûһöˣҺأСѩһҪҸŶ
Сѩʼǣ⣬ҲһһҸġ
Ϊ˻ҸԵءллŶһԣעȷԼĻŮ䣬ʵϣҲֻǸŮ䡣
ǡ
磬Ҳһôðɣһݡ
ұʹǣû
Сѩ˵żڳˣǱϾôãֶˣͬѧȻûȥͬѧ˵ǵˣӸеڣҲس˴ҵĿˣö˶ĽȽأİҪʱߣ
СѩͷصţǰһҲû
㲻֪ѧУж֪˵¡
ȻҲ֪ж˵¡
輫ܵļǿɸİ飬ͬʱҲмǵĶ顣
𲻺˼ϷˣȻôãͬѧ˵ÿ˽ڶõ廨أĽ
ɫԽԽѿ֪ΪСѩԼˡ
ƣŮôô

48

磬ҲôôһһŮԺţԼᣬΪûҹȥסСݲнҲΪιԷʳıʾһУ飡
̫֣ԾǣĶû˼ȻСѩȱʲôζԼǵëԣԾǸ񾭲ˡ
ԣֻǲϲԼ
ͬ飬иŻʲô˻ʲôܿ壬ԱСѩˡ
СѩȻҲҪЩεһЩԴǸվҹȻǴŵˡ
ĻһʼͲҪͺˣ
û롣
һλðɣǺúóԷ
ãúšһСѩ֣˽סˡ
СѩĳԼ֣
ˣ磬СúóԷɡ
Сѩҡ
ôõˣǣܡѾҵôˡ
ڻǸеʱˡ
ķۡ
˵úʱһ
ˣ迴õŶ壬紿ֻΪõĳǿϣԲһֱţ㿴˼СѩʮûǰϾռͷõˡ
㲻ĿСѩһͷȥת裬͸ոյĽȻͬ
ǣǻĴɣ

ʲô
һԸѣǱ˵ʲôһһɴġ
ں˵磬СѩԭͶˣ˾Ʊػ飬ͻлɴգһں˵
û϶ǲ飡
ֻЦƫƫЦ˵Ļ˵ţⶡ
磬л֢ľ仰飿ﻹ飬νʮˣʮ꣬㶮಻һ꣬ģˣǵĲģ
򴽣üͷҲһĻȻǲֻǣֻǡ
һ˳԰ɡ
˵ţĲ죬أСѩλȥ
ȷʵ죬Ľھ㵡
Լ£
ȷʵ趪ҪСѩȥˣȻû򵥣ֽзʱ֪ġ
һ㶼ж
෴ԼҲ
СѩҪˣҲи޶ȡ
磬Լ
У˼ôһͷȵİʲô¡
Űޣ̾ҲǸİҲ̫ˣϾ˱һءǰɣޡ
޵Ȼܻشֻþ಼ûбĿ
ƺһʱı飬Ȼûбı飬Сѩλ ۴ĸǶ˸оһԡ
Ȼǲ˵ģУ԰ŮĻģٻߣС˵ķСѩͼŮһС
ԼһעŮ
趪Сѩ磬ı飬ȻӢޱ߽磬оü۱߽ǵ顣
˵飬ͷβ粻֪Լĸ顭
ţ
뵽סˡ
һҪä㣡
ôӦöԷ֪Լɣ
ΪԼݺ֪о֪Ҫ˵ʲôá
ǣôҲʮŮ˰ɡ
ͷԼ̾
ʹֿҲûûʧ
ˣ
һԵɡ
ڴʱ迴һԼˣڳԼ
˵سɷ𣬵Ϊ֮ǰԼҪȽ⿪ħ
ʮʱĵһħ½δʧԭΪ޽ôҲ绳ٲ
û뵽
ǾȻּ档
ףټʱʹֿûг죬Ҳ֣˵ֻֿṩһķ̨ףȻֻԣԷֿ˵ȴֻȲѵжϡ
뵽˷ֿ跢Լͬģٴ֤ȻƷʵһֻһƷ
ţô£ͻȻоķֿе
һеΪֹνˣҪץס磬ߣնݳٲӰˡ
ɷͳħ
һˣӣǵҪȥġ
ȥ¶ĵĵڣҲصߡ
еţСֽĻסνղײգƽһαףǻŵġ
죬ǰӢȿڣ˵ȻȥɣҪСѩȥ
ľôһɣģٴץ
Ϊʲôͣ𣿴绰С񱻸ɳ̲ϵ㣬ѡ
εĵ绰ûӣ¡͸Ų޵⡣
һԼӣʵѿ
ʲô
ˣ֮лҪ˵׼ܲˣСѩʲôģˣҪԼ飬ȻþһΣ֮Ĺϵϡ
ʲôôࡣЦ
ҪĻҺ˵ĻһҪ
úã֪ˣСѩȥ֮ٻÿɷתͷȥСѩˡ
뿪ˣ軹ԭλãĸоǱҵͷҲصߵһڵء
ЩţĻǱˮһսļ
ˣȴĺݵˣСѩѵ»ѡ˵޷ǿСѩһԼ޲֮أҵѡԼദҲʮʱ䣬Ļദɽǣˣʮꡣ
ԣĸ飬һʱڡ
翪糵СѩԭӦúܿģȴһſȻ˧ˣȴ֪š
٣ǰŮСѩǿˣ
磬ôˣ
Ŷû£û¡
ôû£ӲԺһֱıȻ濴ܲںʵǸʱʵĽ
Ϊʲô࣬˵о仰ں֮ǰԼ˵ˣʲôʲô
ŵȫǺŷ̵ʪһƬ
Ҫ˵ģѵѵ
ǵ͵Ǯ£ʵڵ֪ˣ
ڵ֪ܲ˵ģû˻ϲ˽ѡܵģ
ǣֻ֪ѡ˵ôǮǸôǮںĴС㡭
ô죿
Ҫ֪ˡ
ɫ࣬Լûа취֪裬һݿĺͬҪֱ֣ǿֲ
ŶѽȻڡСѩĻĺ˼롣
ٲ죬ֻǾܵҪһ־ڹ֣˿̣Сѩָľ·Իιһұꡣ
ǰСѩʱҵ
Ȼţǲס絭˵
ԹȥںͻˣΨһͻģܾߵŮˡ

49

ҿˡСѩͻȻ˵һ£ոڲƵϣӦ˵ȫ뵽ٺʲôģȻ˵ɼ
ȥǸ꣬Ǹŵ˹ͬ塣
бҪȥ
㲻𣿡Сѩתǧأȴж
ԣѳͣ˱ϣ³
δѧȫľܾ
Сѩߵλϣһӣǳ棬ϣǰĿʽѾȫûȻһ¡
ûŶȻװ޹ˣλûһģһأǵǰҳ°أȻȥԺóԵġ
šСѩΪλ˵£ϰοƽĶԻûв˳ӵĵ
ش⣬ƻɣˮھɵĵص㣬;ɵһ𣬷·ʱٶȻһ
ֻص˸ʱڡ
翴Сѩ
ǺǰһʱܺȸʱڸһݳޣȻҲΪŮ껪ܷϣһֱúָƯˮָףʯһһ裬ҪһһεͬʱԹЩԼдлвˣ˵˺ˣϰһˣȻһԡ
ǸһĻ֮Ĳ
뵽΢΢𣬲һڴ
Ҳ´λٳհɡ
ȫһŮˣΪʲôԼȻڴ˿뵽衣
ǰСѩ
ʲôע⵽ĿСѩ̧۶ϡ
㡣Ρ
Сѩһ죬ͷ۾ת飬Եø
еҲǷҲڼתͷͶεһĻ֮󣬾Ҳ޷Ϊжˡ
߱ЩӣȻݸӵСѩڰʱһֱͷĻ˳
㡭Ȼڵң
һ㶣ûмŻش
޹ֺСѩΪԼҪΪˡ
ǣ
ʮڵ
ԭĴ𰸣ھȻģˣ̫˼ˡ
ҺνԼˣ㡭Ըһ𣿡
ҡ죬Ȼ޷»СѩѾʼĽˣ
һ£˵һ𣬲ǽҪġ档
ҪνԼ˵һ䣬ȴǲʡ
Ҫҽ𣿡ʣģĺƻǰܻƲסԼڡ
Ϊʲô
粻ԼΪֻһʣֱ˳
ʵ̫ѿСѩҧĻ˳
Դֺһֱҳܣʵڲӡ
ô˵ҵǲóˡתˣ細ҹ硣
Сѩæҡͷ
Ҳ˼磬ֻǡֻԽԽˣʶôˣǣȴѹ˾ôҡ
ԣصɣ˾ǮԺϰҪʧȥˡ
ӵĶûб
ʶôǸʲôܻǮ
Сѩ˵ǿʱģȻҲð鱾ġ
˵ûôҪ
£绨˺ܴĴ۲ȥ
룬ֻʲСѩİɡ
ҲûʲôãϾڿǱλҪǮǮˡ
̫ˡ

ʵϣܿͷԼ뷨һҲãǣ޷ȷõﲻá
˼䣬Сѩٶȷ
ǰʱ򣬿һԷΪԼᣬҲǸʱҲŷԼжѹ

˼ɢţ
ľͺˡ
ѹͻףжѹˡ
磬ڵҰɣôꡭСѩûΪĻʾе㼱ˡ
һȻҲȻôöˡ
ڽĻȴǷʾ䣬
һ飬ܺνԼ
Ļҽ𣿡
ҲԸأ߻ء
磡ҲǿЦżҵãܸоóǣұϾദôã˻飬ίʵܾúͷĻ˵СѩԶסˡ
һĮȻţԼҪҪûоĻ⣬ƫƫСѩԼֿʼ˵
ģԸ⡭
Ҳܸŵͼߣ˼Ӧûɣ
˵꣬΢΢ЦЦʵϧݿɣ˿СѩһʱҲˣȴȫڴʱ˵Ļı飬Ҫŵ˼
硭
һʱǰκĶ
㻹ҵİɣ
ҰĻͻ뿪ΣҲ㣬㻹ǿԻȥģСѩ
ͷҹһĻСѩı齩ס
ҡҵȻҪȷȻ
ȫȻˡ
ͻȻǳͬѧῪ̫ˣÿһЩһЩǰ벻¡
СѩҲҲǣѾûʲôҪˣȴǲŮˡ
ԭ˵ǶԵģ
ֻǸʱһγΪ⵽˱ѣ˸飬ĸоʱڵİ㣬ڣԼóţȡöΪıǩˡ
Ҿãܼ棬̫ˣġ
Եĸ̾Сѩı齥ů⣬ҲֳЦݣܿΪĻýȻ෴
Щڣ԰ѳӰˡ
˵仰ʱһưѶĵĸоһ˳
磬ʲô˼
û˼˼ָϰĿò
ȥɣ㡣
˵һС
Сѩ˰أ
磬Ҹղ˵Ļġ
֣ʾԼˣǰԲĴСѩĻ
Ļ
ǡ
ǣҲԸˣҲԸһСѩ
ĻСѩʣµİģҲ͸ˡ
˿ˣûʲôˣΨһһԱæܣû˹ŵõضζһ룬ȻԵվЩЦ
Сѩֻʾǰˣֻ˵
ţͼݣ˵ţҲῴ̫ġܽ԰Ҵɡ
粻ȥ̧ųţԶų໬
Сѩ̧һæֻ׷˳ȥ
ʲôӶ˽ǸģԱӻ̧ͷ߳ȥһһŮĪҡͷ
磡
߰ɣȥ
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˲أ
ͷһҲǫãҾͲˣ룬ûбҪĻԺҲټˡ
Сѩɫˣ
Ϊʲô
ɣʵʮǰ͸ûϾŵģǸʱִ̫ˣϵڣҲϵ͸˵Ǿ仰СѩǾʹжϰɡУǽڼıѣԣҾͲףˡ˵һһֵĺ˷緢峺۾ѰҲһ˿һѹ
Сѩȴѿҧ
ҡ
ټټĻǺĿ۾˵ټ
Ҫ磬ҡĶ㡭Сѩļˣˮץס˸ľһס
ʲôоʵ˵ҲںˡΪŮˣЦӢüˬʣг˿ݵϵȴȫţǸ˲䣬СѩĿںݺһȻȫضĺڲ
һˣΪΪꡭ
ΪҪ
ǲ˵Щʲôˡ
ֱӿȥ衣
赱Ȼ
龹ȻЩһ·ϣʵҲһֱţҪԼ˵ʲô
Ҫ˵ʲô
ٺģѩغµһöСѩӯµ
ϲ㡣

50

ıͬ绯
Σ˷ӦȣȷԼǰ˻ûдȻ󣬿ǣ˵ʲô
ԲҸոաҸոպʲô
ûУû
˵ϲ˭Щˡ
㡣
һ֣˲ǵòķԱ߿ֲ˼ֱܽϾǵʳĸһʲôɾͲˡ
ڿЦı飬пЩʲôԾ
ǡҡͷĽֲͣǸ׵Ķ󶼻
㡭ΪʲôϲңоԼĺɸɵģ·ûˮ
Ҳû뵽ԼףʱڣܶͬѧճһԣԴˣʹ
û뵽Ȼġ
ıף絹ûеʹС
֣Լˡ
ο롣
Ҫ֪ΪʲôϲԼҲס˼̹ϵʡ
ʮˣ⣬˴˱־Ȼͬɬĳ
Ҳû뵽õһʣԤУ˾ܾҪôͬ⣬ȻѺߵĿ΢΢ĵ͡
ֻǣҲ޷ӵˡ
ɴ㣬򵥵㣬оһˣûʲôˡ
벻Ϊʲôϲ磬ƺʶĳڣϲɬеİҲԭˣֻΪڲٳ϶ӣֻһһϵĹֻͣΪһҵһҵĸ
ҡ
Ҷһ㶼ãûж˵ʲôûңҡ
͵Ǯ
һ䣬ȥ
СѩǸʱҾϲˡ
ֱˣ
ǽҾԲᱳġ
㲻ʽıԣɴֱ࣬ӣܣûŮζ
죬ǿԼ˵ȴ֪˼ҪܻǾܾ
Ҿã̫ˡ
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Ϊ벹͵ǮС
ԼҪ̧ͷˡ
Ǻܺõˣ
͵Ǯһ;ãԼǰʣκǰ綼ԵӣΨС
㽻Ը𣿡
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شĺҹԶֶĵƹңԶǹ⣬Զ޷裬ҹ
Ȼܾˡ
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翴ˣæ
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費˵Ҳ˵ƽһһ⣬֮ջ䳡룬Լȷʵֺ̫ˡ
裿
Ҳ˲ԾȻ׳յȥôˣͻĻػһֱֺӷӦºžԼǲھܾ
οºҲûκν͡
˵͵ǮοովܾСѩҪ̹ϵĽ裿ˣǸԲ裿
ȥȴԼƽȥû뵽Լʵ˾ܾʵӦһʱҲסСݽǰ
һĴ򿪳ţѸٶعϣ·˸
еţæ³𶼲Ϩ
裡
ţҹȻʣǱʵڲһܾ˵ģӦǺܰȻģ
Щ롣
Լ֣ͣˡ
ûˡ
롣
ԲˣңҲھܾ㡭£鸴ӡ
ҸոաܾСѩҸϣǣҲˣҲϡ
ˣģ۾Զĵƹ⣬ӳǵâ
㡭
ΪԭܾԼ½⣬ġ
磬رİݡ
ǰҹԾǺҹ
ҹ˵رѺö
ܱǸʲôĻڿԽͣҶ㡭ġ˸˫ֺʮĶһֱǸģǣеĹٶϨ
ܳĬ迴˿ҹԼ¶һ˿Ц
㲢ҽڣûٴ⣿
ͷҡͷǣ
Ҫô˵ĸоеĻҪӣοһΡ
ΪʲôȻܿЦ軹ǲ̲ĵ׷һ䡣
Ҳ䡭
ʲô
裬͵ҵǮԡ
۾˵ģԼһۣǰ˻¶޷ܵı飬ŻǱӣϿ
ô֮󣬻ôãΪ𣿡ûţҲûбӣֻ˿
̾˿뷴ĻԼԲǳε飬úһ㣬͵Ǯı£Լ˵ˡ
ΪΪβŶã
֪ǣƺֻվסˣ趼Ϊˡ
Բ𡣡
û뵽ǰŮ˾ȻͻȻ˵֣һ£ȫˣΪʲôҪ˵ԲҪ˵ԲģӦŶ԰ɣ
ȴ¶ı飬ҹʧ˹â۾
ҡȻҪҪĴ⣬ǡ̫Ϊˣ
ĻҲˣȻ軹ǿˣ
ǰŮˣץסԼ½ǣȻڿĵĲ
Բ𣡡ģǰδеļٴ˵֮һܻض¥š
һţûκ̱ڵء
Բ𡭡
̫Բˣ
֪ΣΪǵģᡭǮ۵ĵط
ʱʱĸǮҷųĸղ˵üﶫһ㶼⣿
ıǺõģǣ϶Ǻİ컵£Ϊǵİæʮ꣬
ԼôණԷһЦһ֣糬һθеֲΪڣԡϵģԶĸоģڣǲΪλϲҲȫΪε赲òȥĸˡ
ʡ̫Ϊˣ
һУԼܻӵе顣
С
Բ磡

51

Բ裡
ֻϢ
Լ̫Ӧʮ˵ģΪΪνӣڱ辡Ŀ
Բ𰡣ҵ͵ǮΪʲô£Բ裬ϣԭҡ
֪дʲôֻϿҵ
ʲôûлء
ֻӴϣǶ߼ĴƷ棬ڣƣĸоˡ
ˣ
ʲôҪֻҪԭ
˵͵Ǯϸ߶Ϣ
Ǯʹ˽˰ɣ
Լϵģûһһεĺתֻǣ֮⣬֪ʲô٣ҪѸýģȽɡ
ȥĻеʾţȷյˣʲôûлأٶȿһֻЩɥȷš
貢ںǮ
Ȼ֪Ҳ֪ΪʳٵǮܶ
ǽɡ
أ
㲢ҽڣûٴ⣿

סˣ뵽һĻ֪ĳԼһơ
⣬ˣ
ʱΪʲôأ
¿ɺã
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һ£ֻѵĻͲ˰ɣ˵ҪĻ֮󡭡
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УѲҪټģ
Ǯ֮ʮҲŻˣֱʱžԼĲʧȥϵ
ԴŲ£ȻĴйع˾Ͳˣȴû֡
ӦǸһˣǺܲģΪûٺϵĹϵɡ
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ĴһȥȾףִһµ˿ȴɣ
ȥɣÿͷϡ綪ˡ
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ҹ￪źĳ񳵣ֿú죬ͷڶųԵĳԸжҰԼС˵ǣʵϣΪ̵ڳͣµʱȷʵܶ˵עĿõ񾭲ж߸ɴĽɶʺޣܹ黹Ǽ˺ܶŮ˰Ľ
ǳɹģ
˼ɶŮ˰ĽóѡԼҲյҵ·ϣӦõĻźƱЦʮж緢
ǡȴֻǸоһû˼͸ˣҪѳ£˳
һУԼΪ֪Լʲô
ߡ
֪ġ
ٿųûĿصĶȥصԼסլ
ܵӹǰ棬ݺݵĴһ٣Ӯĸо᲻úܳݵ۹⿴Լˬһ㡣
ܻԼңӳóɫռǱûжʲôֱӶͲ
еףΪʲôҪԼĬˡ
˵ʲôģǸʲôն
ôһִ뻹ǵǡ
Ҳˡ
ȥңѵСѩ͸һһ
ȻҪӣȻҪӸס
⳾ѾõĴӣЩװŵ긴ϰεϣɴ඼һӵˣЩͷĴӣ䲻һֽһƮ˳
ֻһдҵķֻֽǵǱԼݸֽУҲΪһҸεӡ
ֱڣǾãٲףΨҵӣǻҰģķˣȥƽ͵ĺƣһ𿴵Ӱһһǵá
ҲΪӣԺƴУҧҪԼٹƣɿڵķˣߵı
С
ôҪ
Ƿϣ絽׻ǵãûпǸȦȦҲע⵽ͿһԲεڡ
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СѩĴף޺裬ʵźڰޱߵľ
ûʲôĲҲΪʲôԣķ·棬ֻǰûʣµģ񶼲Ҫˡ
ҵҲûпϺõĴѧûкõĹ
㶵վڵأйһС
ûƲ˼ȫûУֻǣֻǣ޷ľ
ܾСѩ·ֻΪ˹ϵһùرյȦǣƫƫѡǸʱ˵ϲĻȫԤ֮С
ΪʲôҪǸʱոѡһγʮĳȫûеʱ򡭡
Ϊʲô˵ϲ
ϲʲôĻӦ׵
ңΪʲô
翴費ܻԼ˵仰
ûа˷ŮѵλϣΪһᰮκ˵ģ
ûи߸ϣֻǣ˵״̬֮⡣
̸ģ
СѩԼ֯Χڷܴҹ§סԼɰ
ΪһܼįӰ
ʶԼȻ뵽£æס
ֻ΢š
һȻ跢ġ
ϲͿֻǶ̶֣Ǯյ
ˣȿͻͻ
ԭΪӵһѿ飬ǰҪĻкܶҪ棬ʲôûС
ɣˡ
ĶǮյ֣ҪЩֲ滹ʲô˼
ָķϷ£֣ⷢǮյֺ棬һεĿոţһ㶣ʹ
¶ļ֣
ǮҹǶģͱϵˣɡ

Ǿ㵵ģһͷʱȴ찡ྐྵȻǡ
ô̲䣡
ݺݶֻϵ֡
Ůˡ
ǹݣʮ£ȻΪ֮ģ
ѹ֣˵Բ
Ůˣ̫ûĸˣĿԼʮꡭ
ʮǸûϵӦ˵
ǿɶ
ͲһΪʲôҪģ
ƴйʲô
ԣеʱ裬ǸʱΪʲô
оʲôˣҪǣ֪Ϊʲôģ壬ֻйСѩһЩƬڲͣԾ
綢۾磬󶢵ԵֻһСɡ
ɡ
ʲôټûУĸ˵ټζҪټ棬˵Ǿټˡ
üͷ
ץԿףٶܳȥ
淳
롣

52

ҵûͷһ·ֱС¥£ƽһ㡣
ԼûзֵļнŲ϶¥Ҫ̸̸ǣ̸Щʲôûоġ
ðɣֻ
ʮӵţԾ˿ԽԽңͻȻִһ죬תͷһһëµŮˡ
С裿
̵˾ݣǱԡԣ֪ȥĶˣ
ԼеӡŮˣӻϰ
ְˣȻҲ˼ס⺢ҲɵͻȻľ˵Ҫߣ⼸ҲûʲôǮȥĶءϰ̾Կ׿ţ
Ѱɣҹء
죬ȻԼ޷ܾʵͷ
ϰﲻ죬˵ţ
ĶûҲ˵ҪôˣϧôõĶ
ʲôݵĹؼҵҲں
ȥˣ
ף⻰ˣô᲻֪ȥĶˡ
ҡûҡȻúܶӣ£֪ΪҪ
ϰֻҡͷͬʱֳ⣬Ͳ׵дԭ㲻ѵĻ
ֻһֱ򲻽ȥ
˵ţ粻ĵٶóֻ΢ֻ绰ûһǽġ
ϰٶ̾Ϣÿ׳ջɵӵһͷ¥
ڸ֪ϰϢһҪ֮һͷԼС
Ϊʲô
Ϊܾ
ʲô
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Сѩ
绰ͷСѩʣ
һ𣿡
ʲôˣ
Ȼ˶Сѩ飬ͨѵ绰˿Ҳûе֮
ɡ
һֻȰ뿪֮һߡ
ƽһΣСѩܷλ
żҵͶȷʵʧˣ統ʱͬѧϽǼ仰˵ǺܿˣʵϣżѾɽˡ
Сѩ۾һǷϵڰ칫ҵɳϣôҲţֻһʼƽ󶨵пÿȫһһŽŲˡ
ǮʱҲԼûǮʱǾ
㲣ӺüûԳɫ·ҲüûæͷϵļȻûʲôô
վһ̰ϣԽҪ׬ҲԽ࣬żҿʼԽԽеĹɷݺͶĿǰʱ䣬ŶдĿеͲܲ˵Ͷ˴󲿷ʽȥ
Ͷʱзա
֮ȡɣ£˵ϯɴյǮܸܲ嶼⡭ɳɤӣһڵĻСѩܲס
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ڹˣͲȰѻ·һţ취˽ǮҲá
ҰˡҵģСѧͬѧͬѧ
ԣҰǮűܲĴ򿪣վſڵǺܲ硣
û뵽СѩΪ´绰
Ϊ뿴εģŤͷߡ
ο磬ɫȸղŸѿɲ԰ת࣬תСѩ
ģ㻹Ҳѿ
ˣҪǲѿһأûš̴̵ɳһͬʱԼΡ
ҪǮβš
ҪᣬҸǮ
ţСѩ磬㲻ܼȰ
ⳡϣ˵ҪҲֲżҶˡ
κ۾СѩҸûæ
ΣԼڹˣΪʲôҪӣ
һ̯˵ǲʲôҲǮġ
˵ͬ
ǵģصúܸɴࡣ
磡ôĵˣˡ
ôûУ꣬㲻ҲģЦЦȴЦ۵ס
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ΪܶǰˣԾͿԲƽϣ
ķƿԡ
Ϊˣ
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ҲܽǮģȥȥõõģֻ˵仰˵꣬ߵ
磡
СѩںͷţԼڵ绰޵ôңֻôһ档
ѵĲԸǣ
СѩҿԼվûеҳɹ˾ҪԵ±Թɣ
Сѩ׺һ󽻴ʵںÿ
㣬ͲǾϡ
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ѵȥʲôֵһ𣿡ֱ˵仰һ·Ĳˬоɢԭ͸ô˵ˡ
Сѩҡͷǿǵĳ
ҺҵĳȥˣϾ˱ѿʵڲֵһ
㻹ԹҡСѩĻźò
ƺԹε߼һԡҲ̫⣬ҾǶò⣬ҲҪˣ˵Щվû塣
Գ̣ԼڳٶۣȻҪٶط꣬ܿԼζʲô
Ȼǣʲôǡ
СѩҾãƶǸ㶼վߣȻ㵱ֺαرңĿСѩ
ҡСѩûκοԼĻֻһ֣µģȻѳζǣһ֡
ǰµ񣬻ʲô˵أ
Сѩ͵Ϊ˰ɣȻѵΪǮƣ
һ仰Сѩֻʣ죬
ҲװΪ˰һɣȻһԹ޵Լ۹⡣
˵䣬ͷҲصˡ
СѩҲ̲סûκĺŵɳһǣûŮ񷶵СѩȻҲø㣬ͻȻ䣬ԼδޣëȻ
ǽỹǲᰡ
㣬ʲôޣ
㣬㲻ʲôСѩ޵
ֱ˿̣ףʵʧȥˣڵʱ򣬾׵ͶεĻʱһоͽˣΪǣΪ¾飬ʱתƾʲôһôõˣҪվԭصȻʱݵĽ
ûıˡ
𱸣ʵʵڵѿ
ѿģ˵۹⣬ѵôõһθ顭
ֻ˻᳤µҪһǮ˵뷨ʲôأ
Ų뷨ҪҪ졣
Ҫҵ衣
Ȼҵ֮Ҫô죬ûá

53

Ѿˡ
ʧܡ
αʧܵĺ
뿪Ψһİ취ˣ롣
Ϊûټˡ
ٵĳΪʲôôãֻΪϲ
̫ϲ
ǵãѵոĲոֿʱֿʱ޲ڣһ̣ȥķֿ·޲ڣоؿڵĺڶʱԵˡ
Ϊúڶı䣬Ӧ˷ֿĽ
ֿǸ˽ˣԼҲûõĶȥӦ˵һ
Ȼ죬ԼҲԩ˭÷ֿ油Ʒ
ֿ죬δ¼ûи̫ܵܣֿδ򣬶ԣʲôǣСѩҲŶ
ô׵Ļֳֿصĵλ
Աֿıѣľܾѹֱ޷̵ĵز
ֿû뿪Ѿõĵطȴͺ׵뿪ˡ
ԭİ
ֻһ仰ͿԵ߸
һŲ䣬˫米װޣһһżһİСС
һС䣬ްڴͷϴɫĲ˵ޣһˡ
޵ûб顣
һֱûб顣
Ҳûκα顣
вô꣬Ҳôη磬ˣƽϰ°࣬ڿӣص˯ڶ츴ʼ
ûʲôãǣҲûʲôá
ʮߵСУΨһʱĳеĺôǻľķ࣬ʱСſڿһŵ㻨ףֺܲȴкƯ紵ŵ㣬һصĺͰף֯һӣ辭صţſţ龹Ȼƽˡ
Ҳź
ҪˣֻҪһϰ°࣬ص˯
ûʲôãҲûʲôá
ԷֻһͨĹԱϰ壬ЦˬҲأһ󣬺ȫͬķ
Уʮһ꣬꣬˵ҲǹԱס¥ݹԢͨϵὡĶǹ˳˵յһֺòˣ͵ľӼҺˡ
ܺ˹ӣ̸ǻܰİɣ
̲ס롣
ʱֻʱҵλϰ࣬İ칫ǰ̨ˮǰ̨Իߵˮʸ̸䣬̫ԵĴڨΪĲ⣬˵ΪĽܣ˾ĵ̸
û˲ᣬ㹻ˡ
ϲһֲϲԼҪ̫ߡ
˵һԼᣬȥȿȣΪſȵŻȯ
룬ɴĴӦˡ
ȥһȵ꣬һٽֵλã
跭˵һȣʻĿŻȯֿһһġ
ֶԴۡ˵ͷ
ˡ
Ǿ̸ּǣһǾҲ̲סˣ
ȻѵģҲӵ̫ˡ
סˣ
ҲΪѡ
ֻǴϲʳҲ𿧷ȣС̸ҪӺüȵζͬЦ̲ġ
ȵǿȣܶǶӣּּ̣ﻹƷȵĴ
ǣҾǲҪƷȵζûԼԿȵĲϲ
Ҳסˣ
ΪҪ㿧ȣ
Ϊȵζϲ
㲻ܽΪϲȵζȥ㿧Ȱ
ҪΪϲȵʲôȥ㿧أ


ҲּͬѼĸо֪˵뷨ƫ˴ڻΪ˿ȵζȴϲȵζ
οһôǷݶܲãǵ岻̫κǣʹˣȵػܲסʼϿΣ谲ĵͷĻ
ԺټǾˡ
⣬
һеĻⷽйʶ
ֻǲЩĪĻˡ
̾
ֲǵԣҲȿȵˡ
ϣǽעؽˡ
ȻôϾ˵еֻĬĬ˼ӡ
Ϊȫȥˣǳˣǲٽ⣬һ
¾ôȥˡ
ڶεԼᣬȥԷҪأΪز˱Ƚϱ˵Ĺϵ
ڵ˱󡣡˵Ų˵ȥûһݱ˵⡣
ҲǹĶ
軹˼˼˼ĵݲĳ
ˣǸͻݵŮˣǻ⳯Ÿ·ǰ
˶ϣҽܽ飬Ҫ충飬׾ҪˣȻӵĻ϶Ҳ£ȻҲˣϾҲõ㣬Ȼ϶Ҫ˳ڶ
죬Ӳϻ
Ǻܹ˼ҵˣԲҵźӶš
ͷж˵ڳУȻǸʮߵСС
ԲùΪСҪȻǻҪҰסһΪǶӰҪ뿪Ҹĸǻĵģڵ̫Т˳ˣһ龹ȻҪֿǰйĴͬõ֪𡭡
ǰйĴͬҲǶŶԺֿģŲȥ֡
˼Ĳ죬ûз
ǻͲҪˣ̫˷ǮҪһԣδҪǮҪ桭
ϲѺӵѧҵ滮ԼеְҵҲһ飬׼֮Ҳһʱͣ˺ȿȵĶѰ򿪣ƽİ޷ŵϵĿλá
ԭҸδĻúܹŹ֡
ʲô
ⲻǶƽ·ڽһѣҲ˵ҵѣޡ
õ񾭲ɹ
Ѿںˣǰλ֮Լͻˣﻹ͸Ųʡ
ǲϲСӣֻǲϲͻһӡ
ֻһޡ
ⶫŻȥλϺֲܹ֣СֽǸżΪʵҲûʲô
ϣ磬û˻ͬһ޵Ĳż
ް˳ǰ磬ֻЦЦʿһС㣬Ҫʲô
Ǹʱ˻ʱЦһ䡣
ٶȼ棬Ҳǿĵıһ겻ѡ
硭
ûȥǰĻ鵭Į֡
ۼûаѾɲż˼е㲻ĳûʲô￴ٷһ㣬Ǿľٶڻƣ꺢ͯе֢ɣ
迴е֪ʼԼС
Һã
Լʹ˽
߳ͻòĵ𣬻û˵Ļ˴˶ûнһչĿˡ
ްŵˡ
Һãֻʱ
һ׵С·͸仨֦ɣܿڵҹգл㣬гʪķ硣
˿̣ҹձκʱԵúڳ
Ҫˡҹ˵
ǣҹưôꡣ

54

סĳУëëϸꡣ
Ȼ겻󣬵·ϵ˽Է׷׳ſɡʱ˴ֵܹһۣģװĵģﻹһѸ߼ĸ߶ɡȴûд򿪡
Ѿʧһˡ
ָָͷ
û˼ܳû£绳ǰĽʮ꣬Լôġ
ǸŮˣĶȥˣ
ֻĳɿݽָһͳȥˡ
Բĵ绰ʱ˽
Ͳܻ
ųԿףѸ߶ɡ͸·ϣһ·꣬ĿصͽС
ʱڵǸҹ趪ǮԿףȥԼԼƽ򹤵ӻ꣬һҹɣֻǸʱԼ̬ƺôѺá
ҲӦðƺȥ
ʱڣҲƺÿһǺ˼綼ԼԵЩ鲻Ը
ôڣԼΪλΪԶƲ֣
жϵĺʱ
Ըͷԭ
ֻ֪ԼԸжϹϵⳤʮûȥϵ
ͣͣż¶ɵЦȻִͷɥһ̾ܳϵװֻѾ˱
ͻȻطʱȥԵ·̯
˵Ǹ̯Ҳֵġ
ԴûżѾ·̯ķȥ
ŶС谡һûˡһİѺɢݴϣϰһ߻شʣʷʵָûп϶󴮣ָ衣
ҲҪĴ𰸣ֲ֪ΪβԸʹȥ粻ҵһֻͨû͹˴ؼңƺҪŴһͨй
ǣڷйʲô
ݵĿ϶ԥĵץǸϰʣ֪ȥ뵱Ȼģϰͷҡø͹ݴһ
ֻɺ޵ϰͷժը˳ԡ
߳ݴĸھӣȻȥҲ׽壬תŴ󼪣
ûеȴûмǵ·̯
ȫҲ֪Щϰ壬кŵļСӡ
·̯ļŵһһڿСǳըлһѣͷ棬ڡ
֪ӻ껻Աء
ɶҵСأ
ÿȥƿˮΪ˺ĵģȻְˣѽѽѽѽ
ܺôʱģ
Ǿ˼ҺʹŶŶŶ
ҵС㰡
ڱֱ廰
ʲôģУ
С裬С⼸αﺰģ
´һ
ضء˵ϴһ˵
һһ磬ǳ˼СﵱУԼͬЩ鱨ܸȤ
ô˵֪
ͷСǰ˰꣬үҲүСүͻȻʲô˼
˭
ʣǻش𡣡ˣͷСһˣүƢ˭Ҫ
ƾʲô
򵥣ǰʲôʲôÿֻǳǳһ䡣
ɣүҪʲôÿ
ͷС˲Цͷֱӽϰ϶ƤƤϺըʮ۵㳦ϸߴ˴Ĳ⣬˸ǳĽ׶ΣҪ
֪ҪʲôŶڵըһСǱ߳ԱЦʣպõʷ԰칫ҡ
Ҳûʲô֪֪ס
Ͳ֪ڼ׶ڹ֡
СУõԼ᷽ʽǺ꿧Ⱥ󣬾ͽɨɨ·
ܲʣûΪԼԼ˼˺Ȳͨ
ϵϵˣҪѹסͷƺûôס
ٶ̾Ϣ
ǹ䵽һСſڣͣסˣԷҲòͣסˡ
ôˣ
趢ſһ̨ɾɵĵӹġ
ҪҪ򣿡
ʲô׶סˣתͷΧͷҡӹĵ㡣
ܺġͼȰ˵
̫ˡԷȷܾΪһͻԹԺ֣ѾӲңԹԵô
׶¶ΣֻװʶվڱϣʱʶĳԹȺ
һ˹¶ˡ
Ҫϵĵһ˴Եø̼͹졣
û뵽ŴžȻˣһڣҲһ¡
޷ȥ룬޷ȥǸһӹĵҹҿĵЦ֡
˵룬ԼԺҲܴӹˡ
ҲǷǵӹĲɣֻҪԶһĶ
ѵԺ󿴵ӹģҪ磿
ǣϲӹİ
Ϊʲô
һ˲䣬ֺ硣
Ҳֻһ˲䡣
粻Ĵ
Ҳߣǰ裬Ǵģ
ҡҡͷ賰ЦԼٶȻҵ˼
˵òǸ˵
ĶӣȻҲûͬʱģ׶͸һͨ˲͸ˡ
Ҳˡ
ĵֻԺ󲻸ٴӹˣǳ֮ڡ
ģľ˰ɡ
Ա롣
ȥˡ
Է˵ǸǵԼ᷽ʽɺȿȳ˽
贩ܲЬǶԷȴ˵Ϊ콡ֻһ㣬ΪеŮ׷⾳ߡ
ܸоȽʺ޵
ˣⱾԼҪġ
ԼҪĻ
ûζɢŲǸϲһֱΪԼΪһˣԾֻҪиߣ˵ʲôԼνġ
ڣĺó
־ͿԵĹʲôҪ죿
Ϊڽ̫ˣԱҪ˵˵
ŽȻһģǸͷߣ磬ǸˣӸߣҲáţн𣿿ƽҲߵĳ£Եġ꣬ҲдȥģǸʱߡڻһ
ͻȻ֪
Լٶ벻Ǹˣҧֹ˼СҪԼһˡ
Լ⣬ȴ⡣
ѵҪ⣬ͻὥ⣿
ԽԽңŲɵÿߵĽüͷԴһϰѧԱ
һ㣬ңҪȣ̧ͷͦء
費ľ͸Žĵ·ˣڽܲϵģǣܾúܱŤͷͷҲء
ΪʲôͽҪĶԼӦǺܿĵģҲңٲԽµ߾š
иֹͣͺˣԥѡ¡
װãڸбҵ֮󣬾ͻͬѡ
ϲһǿԲüįˣǰװ׵ϲһˣǱȼįҪį
һֱţ豯˵ķ֣ԼȻϲ˳ȴ֮ˡ
ʲôЦ磡

55

ʲôЦ裡
һôϲҵģϲҲţ
޺µҧļ⣬̯񫣬ϰһ֪Ҫʲôˣȥ֪Ҫʲô
ϴһͷС˰ȻһǶֻ֪ͣӻ֮ȥˣҲһ֪
òɥ
죬յԵը֮󣬸ո׼ԣͼһСк
绹ǵҲ
ǵáˡ
ҰңԱС沿鼤ҵʧɢĸǻָϡ
һۣˣ
ŶǸ˴峵ӵļһ
ԶԶԣ磬Ҫлл㣬Ϊ㣬ҲûЩǮ˵ЩҪ¸¶ɹɹģ
С缤˵Ż˫ҡ
ûʲôģһֱǹҡļķӦֻǵġ
Сĺ飬ҲΪǸ˶˵Ǳʾ޿һֱ˵գҲݣҲܰ԰˶֪°̯˺öˣը˼ֱһر֥飬òˣС컹ڵ绰˵ըˣϧ
ͣ
綪һơƣһץС֣֪裿
ȻǰӻӾ㻹Լķָǳԣĺܺá
죡ҲŲ֪ʲôĸ˭ԣֻ֪˵㲻˵绰ˣŶʼɣϲŵ磬΢΢
Сŵòг˵Լ֪ģѹǰΪʲôʶȴΪʲô᲻֪סĵַ֪֪ˣ˲¼ҵСһ͹
ݣô˵òԶУ
³нһǧ˿ڣϵرķĸ»һѵسǣҪһˣǴҪҵǸһ֪֪͸¶һӶ衣
ھõʱǸССǷ̫ˣĴĳǹεһҲҲûϵֵģ
Ǹӵܸлң
ǵȻİ磡СһѻգҪ
ô㱨ҵĻˣ
羡ܷԸ͹ϵɽҳһһɣСһ壬ָϰ壬ݺݵŭһӻˣ
ѵûᱻһСӵƸϾⳡϵϴ󣬺ܿͶӿ񣬺ɵĳԹԼеݣȻ˹˵
Сӣ𼱣ҲҪ绰ˡ
̣͹УϰըᷭתƵĳӣΧɫΧȹ̬ƽͣʷʵ̬켣ݽĺɼһߡ
һ棬С鲻⣬
Ҫֻ
ʵ˵ǣҪҪСҰ㲦
̣
ƳһۣŨü壬һųܵ
ǸˣֻǼ仰£úõİֻҲˣŮ鷳
ȷϣӳˣ
СǣúãϰҺ룬ȵȰ
̣ϰ巭תеĽƿϸκͺ
ǽϵĵӻУ԰磬׷ŮǵĻ棬ͬѧںЦ֣
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̣͹ը
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ǰֻѾͣãҲϵϡ
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磡
Ȼ
ֻɻ󲻽⡣
˼һ£ǲǴ绰ˣ硣ӵһн绰ȴĳƺ
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еˣ
裡
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ŵĵֻ
磬ɩͷڣļգҪȻҰ̽̽ڷ磿Сһǰ
һۣܲΪɩ֣۽վЦ
ϵַ幬еĴʵۡ
ǣǣСæǰһɶ幬еС̫ࡣ
ģɩۺãġ
һãһɨ⡣
ϰ壬жȫˣ
ллϰллϰ壡ϰһֱ֣ӶԼͷϰ塣
ˣ׷ഺȥ
ŶŶŶǸŮͷϣҲһͬըݵʱ϶
ϰܿģҲܿģԼܿͻһˡ
ȻȻΪ˱ܿ
ˣȻ˵ҲԼ飬Ȼǡ
ףʲô飿
㶡
Сѩ뿪ʱֻ÷ŭһ˱ѵĸо
˵Сѩĳʱ䶼йֻԹԵı֮ԹԵʧˡ
ȣ¡
ĸڳˡ
ʱķӦ
ΪûȷıʾԣˣǣԭԼҪĻظʲô
ܾǸ𰸺ܿͻǣǲôһ㡣
Ȼµֻ룬ҲͲʱҲҲֻµֻţԸɴ㣬²ĵ绰˳һԼ顣
ι裬ˣȲҪҶϣǼɣصǡ
ֱڵ绰˵˼ĿȰɣȻ󲻵ܾ͹ҶˣȻٴܿɳܵĹػˡ
ɳˣµǣԼҲÿɳˣػһУԴ˲ȥǣǡ
Ϊǣ
ܿɳָܵĿ·ϡ
ڸʱڣԼδӮ磬ŮҲûС˵ʮĹǣС˵ǾȰ䣬ԭȻġ
ˣʧˣһֱţһֱ˵ͫûӰӣռһŮˣҲֻԼһ˿˵Żһ˿谮ദţһŮ̸ԼֻҪҸ˾ͺãİŮ˱ѣݺݵˣǸԼҪʮҲԼҪ֪Լ⣬ֱյ㡣
յǣ裬վҪǸˡ
ڻˡ
˳һС
Ӧõͽˡ
ɣΪʲô׷ˣ
ðɣ׷ĻֻҪͺˣΪʲôԼľ᣿
ĽŲܾܾᣬһ顣

56

緢΢ţԴֻ֪֪Լ΢ţͲɷ˵Ҫͨ
ַٲٰѭ
˴˶ûз֣˵ˡ
ô
ڶ¥Сߵĵڶλá
·ôá
ҲŲ·գǰ׳գ
侲ǰ߽⣬ֲ侲Ҳ豾Ը˸
ʵǸ侲ˣʱͬѧǸĹŮĳԻǷϵģûʲôѣҲͳȴ֮ⷽ˵ǲϲġ
侲˵Ǿ˵䣬ֲǸ䣬һ䣬ҽԺˮֱ䣬һ˵ĸо
˸ԼΪλô࣬æٷ΢Ÿ
Ҫˣ
˭ĿȰ
ˣһȵλҲҪ󣬼ȻˣαҪ
΢Ļظȴȫû
һоͺð졣
¾û
˵ǰ绹аٷ֮ʮûףںطٶ뿪ʱҲȫ͸˸ųɾš
˵ǱĬ˵þĹϵ
˴˷ֿʮֻ꣬Ǳιϵһڣ漴ͻָƽദģʽ
޷յʮ꣬꽫ʮ磬Ѿȫ԰Լˡ
ƽദģʽʲôӵģ
žȫʵ
εһЦǵ͵ив֪
СѩֺĴڸֻܴȥеԵɣ뵱ԼûĸһǸȦĺɫԲ
Сѩܼ򵥣ҲܵıҲԵ羭һʹȴ򵥵Ӳˣ˿Ȭ֮ʣµľǶԵҪѩܻıԼ¼ȥ
衭
̫ˣǱץڶһζס
ͬͬǸʱ̾Ϣ
ûмңֻסһķĹ
ΪһƷôԷĹϧʲô˵νʲôֵǮĶ˵ûмֵ
ҪĿֻһǴͱ£ӵйĶ
ûбİ
һûбˣ飬ǲܷӯġ
ʹٹöʮ꣬ҲΪ˭еĺڶ
Ȼ϶û˰裬Ҳעᰮ˵ġ
˵ϲԼʱš
ȻĵΣϲҲѾǼȲˡ

Ϊʲô
ıףҵܵĸԴһ費ڵˣǣԴԼš
Сѩ֪ԼֻҪǮͿԣ裬粻֪Լóʲôܰеĺڶ
׬Ǯı£ǣ֪Լûбı£ȻҪ׬Ҫ׬ʲôʱ򣬲еĺڶȫûеףԶ裬ûš
ҲںһʱʧУź֪ķ֣̫ںôԼĹ
ô
ܲСѩİǣû㹻İҲûϵ٣ߣٴʮ꣬ٹʮ꣬Ҳ̳еĴˣҲеĴˡ
Ҿܾ
һ͵õٷܾ
ò˸УԸǿ׼־ս
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ܾˡ
ûоܾ㣬ֻûظȻе飬ƤҲ˵ԼĹ
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ǣ費ٶȱԸɴҧŲˣ
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ʵеѹģоԼ˺һǩõĺͬ
㲻ҵĻظˣջ
ϧԷֲΪʱЧˣ
ϾòײջؼĵأɥȨˡ
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Ϊ˾ĸ³Ŀȡ
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˺߼˰
ֻǱȽ졣ǫ顣
ҪңͰˣûȿ£ֻô棬õøӵĿ˹飬
Сô˼˧˸ף㲻ܾô
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ˣ
Żʹ壬һѩˮͷ
ʱķӦûᣬ⵹Ĵ»ûˣ
ڵھ˳ˣֵը
ҵİɣ
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ǰ㰡ֻҵİҲȽ졣ȴһƺڼ֮˾ˡ
ǰʲôҪľǺú׷
㰮Ĳҡ
Ŷ㲻ңô֪ҰĲ㣿
˵ˣҪĻͰˡ޷СѩΪ֪㣬Զİһֱš
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費Ҫ
ʧȥ裬֮£ЩӽͻԼܼįĸоͻȻһ˲䣬黯ȥΪʧȥһʵ㲻ʲôˡ
ʧȥ裬ѡĺڶ
Բ裬ĺܳٶۣܽңҡ
ɣǣɣοǷֱôãԡû˵ȥеȻɡ
ûٽӻֻǶĿ
豻Щ飬ȴ־ԼûҪ飬ܾ˿Ϊʲôһܾĸо
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һȥˡ
Ѿ֪˳ĿʲôҲ֪Ŀˡ
ܾˣҪǰǰʱճˣѾഺˡ
ˣɴ׿ɡ
磬վҵһСѩŮˣŮˣżʹСӣЦ⣬ů⣬һڶ࣬棬ڰޱߡ
ֻʺš
˼ſվһ£վûеȵ˵ĳ֡
ĺһԼҪӣ
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ϣһ˿Լ
ţȴ˸ա
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ôܣġ
ޣ
һĵ·ߵϣȫ·˵Ŀ⣬Ʒɡ˪Ȱˮ籦Կףֽ治٣һѣûټĲżС顣
賹ɵˣ·һɵڵأ·ϣһȦһȦȦһСŮӣ㿴ңҿ㣬ƺ֪˵ʲôźá

57

˵ǲǺ֣˵ҵģȥӦ־ܾңǲǺ֣ѵŮĶǿķǣ
翪˧ܳһ·Ϻ͸ʻϵĳ˿߶߶
ʻϵĳ˿ͣޱ飬ɫťۣĬĬĿųǰ
ҲԷ䵭һ·߶߶˵ŮǺֵĻѳ˼ҡ
ĸĿɿڴԼӢߴĶӣһֻֻСŻϲĲżӣ˵żޣֻСĿţСֻ˰ӵĲżƤɳϡ
ӣû°ɣ
Һõúܡ
ǡĸָָɳϵĲżȻûдܹǺҲûдˡ
ҵѡԴ
үĸȷϡ
ǣ
Ŷ
ĸмֲš
濴ڵүĳ˲żʽɵļǣɱʱĳ
ʧǵĻصԼסСݣҪдѰ»Ѱż£Դ˼ʱյ緢Ϣ
ţ裬㻹ĻӦҽҪ󡣡
ֻЦá
ûһʮⳡϵķȻɵ˲ɷ
Щ׵ˣһ޵ɲżΨ
ϰ壬Ӧò֮ǻ
ˣԼҲϷ̫
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ȻûдӦİƱȻܿɳܵķ֣ԼССһѡ
ǣȻ޹ޣ㲻̣
Ȼͬ⽻˿̹黹ôô
ƾʲôҶ˳ˣƾʲôٻȥƫ
Ϊľǿ磬ҲΪԡ
壬Ӧ˵СʱʮСʱͻᷢһѵͼƬ˵
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