
صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ

Сȱܲõؿת/:īt¡
״̬:᡻
ݼ:
󣬺һźӻعƽӣȴûԵܲó̰غѰӣٰ㿲ԭԵᡣҪְ֣׷šϧһѾӣҿȱǿ



һ  
 


ʱ꣬ٴ̤Ϲһһֻĸо
֮ʣȻԼԵСѾȲڷȥ
ལ㣬ȵ衭
Ҳ̫ˡСһͷ²ۣŶԺһıӣӶɶš
һŸ߸Ь޿׼׷ǸСһ
ǣĿȴͣ˻һΰӰϡ
ǸˣȺ貵ǳ׿Ӣ˺ͻȻɵĸ߹ưڹ͵쾡¡
续ٴվģٲȻһƷ
һ˲ǰһӿԺ
ۿҪĿԣһҵıܿĿ⣬ֿ˿ԶĶӺལ˲ǰȥ
Բོˣ
һֻһ·׷ϣȴǰײ˸
˭ѽôۣײ쿪һĿźһ
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡ǸűҪ뿪
ȴһֻץסͬʱŲƣ
һԲˣ˲ġ
ſң㵽ôʹקôҲвԷ
Ļͷպһ˫ԡ
ȵĿʹѸٵıֻܿǰҲӱܡ
㳤ûҪү档ǰĺЦݣһֻҲֵ
ķأͳƣһֻ޳Ҳ׳ɵĶһ
ȵĺͷϷ߮һ̧ͷһߴӰ֡
˫ӣǳ̰غգ
ڻϣһǰδеİȫзȫ
̫Ȼš
˭£
ûʸ֪˭ֻǿ۸Ůˡ
̰غµ壬ͷһۺһ˵ɫĪ롣
קʲôק֪˭𣿡
׳һѳ̰غգȴǿѹȵͣס˶ǲ䡣
ӭİɷ֮úһһҶ
ӢĿ⣬һѺܴ͸˵Ĺ裬Ĳɫʱһѹֵڻơ
ιλ壬õ·𣿡һ۵ͯ˽ŵա
ལӺལһŻعѿ̰غյĻǰӻڻ
ȵȥһ
¶ӻܵ˺֪һ򵨴
ʲô裬ѵ󻵵
ŭ׳ܡ
Сӣһʹ׳ĽΧۡ
һġ
һ˵ţǰǰ˶һţ
һҵģڲСһԴĶȴ˳̰غյעӡ
׽̰غյרעߣһ嵲סȵɫ
ལû£˰ɣ
ӵùһڳ̰غյƣ׳ֻߡ
˸һ䣬һźһ裬߰ɡ
ҵĺһ˵лֻ˴Ŷ뿪˳̰غյߡ
ԶӰʧͫУ̰غյһŴδйİԶ
һݣһڴϣѾõӿͷ
Ӵѧʱһֱ̰غգڵλ֮롣
ǰûĴҲⱲ֪Ĵڡ
˵ĺӡ
ǵõһɵõģȴּǧѩϢ
£ѡȥ죬һڣΪ˱ûҪǷǣǲ˺Ӻཡ
սʤĵֻһζȥӱܡ

ӻĳ̰غգӵүүصϢ
ͣĸϵҽԺõȴǼƵ
ǽ첻ӦҺѩ飬ҾҲĿġ
ϵүүڲϣ˪ϵӵľܾǲ졣
үү֪Ҵϲвǿȡ̰غƽĲ˼顣
ѩǼѧǳ̼ϱѡĵ䲻㣿
үү˺ɳƵ־䶼ڱȡ
ܺãȷܵϳ̼ҵϱϧֻ뷨 ̰غյ
Ҹ㣬ⲻԸԸ£ǰ
̰غﻹݣбɵĽü촽һֱߡ
òϣվǰԼϵǸŮˡ
үүҡӦˡ֮£ֻЭ
ã˵
ֻǳĬ߳˲
ôˣ̰غյȼһָ֧̣Ŀһ




ڶ   еĳ
 

δܲ鵽˵Ǹˡ²ҿ̰غձ۾ȫ֧֧ᡣ
ˣȷŷţǺúõΧţʲôʱҡ
ǣ
꣬Ѱδ
عĵڶ죬һĵһ±ǽס⡣
ʵûôԸ
˵罻ӣһ磬ûеȵнĳ֡
֮£ֻƬҵн鹫˾ѯʡ
˵ʲôǹ˾ˣ
֪н鹫˾û̼ҵʱһʼһֲԤС
û˵н鲢ǳǹ˾Ϊǹ˾йƵģ˵˺ܿǽϵƭӡǰ̨СΪƲƲ졣
⡭һ1000ǮѺأôܡ
һѾҵ״ΣһƬհףֽ޴վԭء
ôˣʲôˣ󣬸ɾԵɤ˳˺һҵ˼
ˡǰ̨Сվһ
һ̧ͷȵĿǰ续߳湫ӡ
һɫ½ĵļ಻ʧ壬ʵغɫͷ쳣ͻľͶ䣬޲ɢһɳ˵ȴֲʧš
Щ񣬹ֲǰ̨Сɫ
ղô£ٴλ졣
ŶλСƭˣⷢءᵽһǰ̨СŤ˼֡
ǡһɻʵ
ҸϰѣֺʲôѸ˵С
һЩεĿ˿Χˣָ䣬ݡ
ǳ̸ɡֺƺˣֽһ˳ȥֻһȻǰ̨С㡣
ô˵ûеطסˣ𣿡
ţҲӣҿֻͷˡ
һ뵽޴ãһͶµûţԼνླྀһܿࡣ
ֺü˼һᣬתһ
ˣ⵹һԼķӣûг⣬Ҫȸסɡ
ġ𣿡
Ȼھʹȥ

ӹԢǻʩһҪ
ΨһѵģǼ۸⡣
۸棬ҲŸջعûҵܱܲ˵㡣
ɣףǴӦҵѰѷ͸㡣
ֺ崺ЦȻַ˷ϸǵϡ鷢޲Ĵˬʡ
֣һӿһֲ
ԺҲһϵĳ
ʶһĲֺЦʲôֲ㡣
ʲôһ˫崿ĵۣ¾ʶˡ
˫͸۾ֺԼһεʹԼȥ㾡һб
ˣˣ㲻˵ƵȥҵĹ˾ҵƬ
Ƭݵһǰת˵
ˣ˾ңҵ㣬ˣǷӵԿףպá
䣬ʿ΢ǰһЦãӻȥ
ֱ𣬺һŴĿѣЦתƬϵĽܣ۾˲
ˣ̫Ƶܾһֱƹ˾ȴ׾ٵĴֿɵá
еԿףսշתܾˣδһ˶Լôù
Ȼ뵽Ǹصˡ

ٺེ󣬺һԼȥ̫ƹ˾
ߵ˾ſڣŵЩĳͷȷ󣬲һ˹˾š
ãܡżϸС˵
ʲôˣԤԼ𣿡´һºһӵı顣
һĻȴֲ֪οڡ
һ𣿡󣬴һϤŮ
ͷ˼Եֵɺϡ
ǰɵŮӣּǧѩҲĴѧУѣûô
ôⰡѩ߹ֱۣЦļʵ
ںһе١
ҡӦƸܡ
ӦƸŶҴȥɡ
ѩü򱣰:ѣҴȥɡ
׵źһ˵ݣϵıȴ۸ӡ
ˣôҲ⣿һȴ˵ݵŷΧ
ҸĹ˾֡
磿
Ĺ˾ܣ
һ˵룬ҲǲԸȥ֪
ţҸ磬ֺѩĿ
һЩЦãȻĲ¶ˡ
ˣһҺͰغվҪˣʱһҪμǵĻŶ
ѩļ绨Ц̣ȴ




    㵽˭
 

һ˼ͣڻϣѩڱԼҫ̰غվҪ
һֱǸ˵ĸĵףݶԿĵ˼
ֻܣݹ¶İеܶ
֮ܲסֺ룬һǿӦμӹ˾һһȵᡣ
ڹ˾ˣٶֻװ֪顭

ᡣ
߽ţԲεˮǵ貣ǧ͹еĹӣٲȻһŷ޹ͻ
һͷԼŻʢװβסԱС
Щ롣
Щ˳ȥΧע⡣
ȥ˴߽һķ羰ߡ
ǣѩͳ̰غգ
ûǵĽʮֵۣǸˣ˶Ī
һɫβ˶İƯߣխΣֹ͸ŵںʣ˵Щȴһ˿ұȻ
ߵѩĺǵò˾Ķǡ
ģ쿴쿴ĺ˧
԰ôгôÿˡ
ͬʱȱٵģ޴ĽֶʼɵĿ⡣
⵽ԵĿ⣬ѩӵĽ̰غգ̰غüڹϣֻܽһôš
ڿʲôأȻͳúһתĿ⡣
ͷֺžƱվԡ
̰غգֺºĽϣûг̰غô㣬ȴһֶصᣬſϢ
ûʲôЩεƲͷ

䣬һȴգҶ˫ǳݣе顣
ñȣԶˡУ͸ŵı΢
ֺ΢΢һЦ̧ķ޵ķ˿õȥȴԥķ֡
٣ĿУ
Ǳߣһ綼ŵĻߣ˴˼ô˼룬Χֻͣһ˲
ڰһ˫ʺ޵۾źһ
ҡȥ䡣
ȴգзɿһ·Ⱥܵ͸
ؿڣŬָ
̵ԺָָղһĻ
һ侲侲
ȥȴһ
ιվס
ɻػͷӦͱһ
Ķ죬Եĺԩ˭ƾʲôң
Ůǰʹĵźһؿڣÿֶھ棺
Ҿ㣬һסԺֺԶ㣬ҿңҾͷ㣡
Ů˱Ũ޵ױݣϷŭı¡
һδ£ֻ˦Ů˵֣۽䳹ǣȴڵЦ
ãҺֺֻͨͬ¹ϵӲҪ£ҲΪҺһֺãκһˡ
Ŀбӵ뿪ɱȴһƣʧһԵȪ
С㶷㻹۵㣡
Ů˿ĵ㵸ĴЦ
㡭һڣ
Ҹ㣬ǺԵ³úõܰɣݰݡ
ָװһ޹ͬ飬Ťƨﳤȥ
һǱϵȫʪ͸ȹڣȥ任·
ֻһζܣûעǰˡ
ӭײһºʵǽȴȵϢһ̧ͷ˲䣬ǰһſֱ֮̿
̰غգ
ʶʱ򣬲ŷ⾹䣡
Բ𡭡ߴˡ
ǵӣȴһֻվץס
ٴζ˫ۡ
̰غ˫ɫĹâ쳣Ϭű۾ֱֱעǰһƺ̥ǣǰеļַŶ
ǰ̥ͬǵŮˣڻͬһˣ
ԶǾķ㣬ӴսǼ⾹ͬ㡣
ŨصĽüγɱ˵ƣ˳ƽһǽϣ˫ֽס
ʲô֣ͻĽúһ֪룬Ϸ˵ǿҵѹ
㵽˭˵̰غɳŭдŲɵǿơ
˭ʲôϵſҡĻߣ˺һ塣
̰غֻһζƣǰϴǸŮˣ
һĻֹͣ˷뱣򶨣ɫеľŻǳı¶ǰ




    ǰǸ
 
̰غսüŨ͸εұͦıŸ߹Խᶨ
ҡ˵ʲôϴˡʼղԸȥԺͳϾһС
װɵʵĸҽҾ㣬ҵĴۻܲң
סֱ۵ǿ˼֣µĿ⴩âһֻܾˣȴơ
Ҳ㣬ٲ֣ҿɾͽˡɻȴǳ̰غյ
ûɧ㣬ʲôˣ
۽壬Ӹµĸ̵Ž壬ȵ̰Ľǰѩ׼ذΧ
ͻȻռУ¡
ھɧţ
ãȻ˿϶Ҿ֪ʲôɧţ
ļѸ׼ȷסӯһյһֱֻֽ̧ߣ̶ǽϣڵ۾ӥʢˡ
߿һԶȴǸս
еһ߳ܵ嶥ڸ䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲô˫˲糺졣
̧ͷǵһĨаЦ͸ɭΣյϢ˵ľҲԽԽ
ܻȼռ䣬һŭŮ/
ڸʲôͷѩܻ߹
һûƿ̰غգ˫ʶסǰ̥ǡ
ѩ̰غߣгŶԺһĵӡ
ʱһԤУԤǰŮ˻Ϊ·ϵİʯֻǣûϵô顭
һû뵽㾹ô޳ܣȻҵδ򡭡
һʱһԵĳ̰غն˶ػһ档
ûйͣȴѩϣ
ұ죬Ѳ˵ǰغ㣿ҲԼʱϷ𣿡
ͷŵĽһɨ˸飬ӹÿ䶼űӺ
һҭ˵һ۳̰غգȴ·бһһ
ôû˵ˣûϣѩķ
סǼֻ࣬ܳ˵ߡ
ߣҪѩƲƲ죬תų̰غյֱۣһԸеè䡣
غգղôһǲʲôң
κ˶ĶΨ̰غգú巳
ûʲôֻ뵽һЩ˺¶ѡ
˦ֱϵģ±Ūӽ⵽ǰ̻¶Ըǿ׳ţԼļѩһɧ/
Ӽᶨˣֻѩ
ˣԼؼҰɡ̰غᣬͷҲصһĻ
ѩͣԭأȹߵ𽥽߬һ˫۲֪ǻױԭ򣬻ŭһ˿˵ĺ⡭
Ȼͨһ绰ҵ̰غڹ٣֮ǰұõ

һѩҹߡ
ԭ̰غڹ꣬һֱѰǰ/ϵǸŮˣ˵ԼҲ֪һ/ҹ£ûô⣬ֻһЦѡ
̰غգȴδǹ£ֲö̬һ䵭롣
һ˲䣬뵽ȥҺһҵǰһС

ȹݡ
һԼɷΧȴεĿ¡
һ̫ˣ⡣ѩ֣ʹЦݡ
һ֮ˣűҲùҹû£⡣
Ǿͺãһм㡣ѩʼ⡣
˵
ǰۻ׷ʲô£
ôˣѩ޺΢Цһ˽䱸ûǸǰֻӱܡ
ǰ˵ܲңȴҲˣΪཱུĳ֣һ
ŶΪûпӰҵ㣬֮ҲûϢѩƽı棬ȴ΢Ļ档
һֹջʵһƣȻҾ͸о岻Ծ
ƺЩݣҧҧ˴е΢
ǡ֪ô𣿡һһϵеĽţѩƺԤе̬ķչ
һ룬ǰҵǸѧҩҡ̧ͷѩ׽Ŀֵͷ
ôѵģԱʣҲű
Ҳǵˣֻǵڶ췢֡Ҳǳ̰غգ˯ߡ
䣬ѩգʶҳһߣԤѾ˿϶ʵ
һľǳ̰غҪҵˣ
ѩһæ֣˵ԽԽ
ѩĲ֪ô£͡
ѩȴǵЦ̣ѹһ˿ĺźһ֣ڸο




    
 

㲻ýͣʵҸ˵ʵɣҸ̰غȻСһ𳤴󣬿ǲûдﵽֵزҴΪϷ㿴ҺȫǼ룬Ϊ˳ӳ⣬Ϊ˼棬ʵû顣
˵ĺȻЩȻʧɫҲ˵һë
һסˣһϯЩز
ֱϵս֣ŽĿػѩϡ
ԭ˫￴˺ƵЦ⣬֮ǰ塣
һģҲûбҪٶˣ֪⼸һֱ㣬ǾüȻǶŶԷɴҸú̸̸˳Ҳһ¸顣
ѩ˵⻰ȷкܶĲˬΪļƻòȽԼ˽һá
շת࣬һջǶҡĳᶨĽ䣬˼ڤ룬Ǳӱܣİѻ˵Ϊá
ûҲδܺͳ̰غԲõΡ
ˣˣԼģģأһġ
лл㣬ѩѩһ֮ʣȴ֪Լ±ǻ
û£Һ˭˭
ѩŽӲЦ翵۾ӹһؿǰ̥ǡ
ڰ׵һ

صҵĺһβסƣģϢ
ʱȴˡ
ϲΪǺལûԥĴš
ɰصӲŵľҪš
ǰѸӹһֻ޳ָվ۵סţһߴӰڸǰ
㡭ô֪ס⣿̰غȫ֣鲻κεĿռ䡣
㲻Ҫ֪һô¼ңǲ鰡
̰غղƣúһˡ
̰غգ㵽Ҫʲô鼱֮£ѿ˵֡
ʶң𣿡
Цֻ۵ڶϵһƷ˿ȴԸ
ɻװʹǵЦȴְص
˫һѾȫܣֻƾԼεס
ô֪û·֮ǰѩһһѡĬϡ
Ҹ˵ҵĴ۰ɣƣȴܵᣬ䴰С
ֻеĺһӦѱ̰غһѿɳϡ
ҪſҡȻϣŭ˵ĺĺء
ʲôһ֪ˡ
̰غһһֳɫ˯£¶Ǻ֬ѩ
Ҫ
һν̹ǰĴų̰غյļ̧űҪĿȥ
ɳ̰غͿĽͼ׼ȷϥǶȣĽ⿪ϵļŦۡ
ǵãķǲˬţ
һֻĴڲеĻԽȡ
̰غգ˻ǿȻʲôŭȫû˽źͺ¡
ʵǰǸŮˣŮһѹ𣿺һⶼҵġ
ͻɤŭԽԽ˻ƣһ裬һָ߽ǰ
ң֪þƿ˳̰غգ˳ָһ⡣
Ŵ֣һδйͷţĳ嶯ȴ˳̰غա
Ůˣ̰غշһƣúһ˲輸ԡ
Ѫ˳Ŷͷ£ڳ̰غյ쳣Ĵۡ
ɫͻȻ˼֣ﾹһ޵ţʹ͡
Բҡǹġ
ܵһߣָĸĶͷͻů仯һηͻ̿֡
ղŻĮĳ̰غգת˲ͱˮ
㲻üʣҲҪġ
ƿ̰غգȴס
ʲôǿЩڱǰǿװǿǰͲʾ𣿡
һۣľҪˮĿԹ
ΪʲôҪʾʲôˣʲôʸңһЦ
ˣΨһʸҲֻңҲûã
ˣǶҵĳҹҵˣ̰غգҲ̫Ϊˡ
վȴ̰غտסףһͷҲ˲ǻĴݼռ
ءƾܣȴǿֵļ⣬壬סá
Σ̰غղ뿪ķ㣬ʱץס˾Ҫӭϵ֣
סҲܶĵһΣܶǣⱲӣʹֻҡ
ҲԻ󣬺һǹɫδ
ӵǶ˾ô˼ӡ
غգĵһϤּ˺þ




  ߵС
 

˫˫ĵطתͷƵǡôһ¡
ͬǣ˵ɫȴҲ΢
̲죬Ű֮ſ˻ŵ֡ϾҪҵǰǸзһ¡
һɫҲֻһȻƽ
գĵѩظһ飬ǸƭӣֻΪǮҪҵǸŮˣ̬ᶨòԵ˶ҪΪˡ
̲תʵؿɳϣ:ô֪ҪҵǸŮˣ
ѩһӣСܵ²ס֡
һ˫۾ֱ:ΪΪҲҪҵǸŮˡ
仰ĳֻ̲ں֣:ٸ˵һ飬ҳԣ˵
˵ֿ˿һԵĺһƽĲƽˡ
ѩͲµԼ˵Ļһߵһµɫ¡ֻʣһɫ
ͺһؿڵǸƺ̥λε¶ӳ̲
ѩ˵:û˵գ㿴̥ǣ㻹ӡ𣿡
̲ջǲԸָźһ˵һ:Ҳһ
һȻû˵ֻؿǰŮһϷ
ѩƶһҧ:֪ҲһΪƵġ
ƾʲô˵ƵģСʦܸ߳Ƴһ״һƳĬΪĸ׺ϲ̥Ǳô衣
ʼӦѩסᣬڳһ˵ļ:ðǾһ١
˵תִ£:ɡ
Źʦ̲ҽܵ:áǱʦ˵겢չʾԼĹơ˫ֵݳƬ
ֻ̲˵ͷ:̥Ǻ𣿡
ôʣһͷһԭҲȫԼ
뵽ﲻЦһ£Ҳû˲׽顣
һλ߸ӵļʦش:ܵģܵġ˵һרҵ
λʦĻش:ͣͣͣҲЩ˭˭̥Ǿˡ
λʦĬһӦһ׼ʼһʱǳ:˭ôˣƾ𣿡˵ָ꣬˳̲ա
üͷҪ˵䣬ѩǹȣѲй𣿡
һһЦң˭йԼӦװɡ˵ݺݵضס
ѩҲʾͬݺݵ񣺡Ǿ飡˵ôϻ
һֻ̲գϣܵõЩӦ
̧ͷͺһһ۾ƿߣɡ
һ֪Ĳֻ֤š
ǲǣнʣκζǵĹغˡ
λνרҵʦŸָӵĹһٲóֲĽۣС̥ǣϴġλСĵȷǿϴġ
𰸳̲պͺһͬʱ̧ǲӣֻζͬˡ
ѩЦЦһڻʲô˵
һףףʦ϶УȻƽƾǵƬ֮ʾͿ֤ǣҲǣΪʲô֮ǰ˵ҪҵǸˣ
̲ջ˸ˣ˫ϣѩ֮ǰôң
ѩһʵǰգǽϸ㣬һϲġ˭֪˭֪ȴνĺһ˵˵ţһһŵصˡ
ڶߵγ̶һԱȣȻ̲սƽƫѩ
ЦŮӵıס
̲յֽѩ˳һֽݸ
ѩδضԴԼϲȴҲȻڵ
һԵĺһҭסˣĬĬؿǰһУǷ˲ˮˡ
ռȻǸױŵġ
ޣˣգﻹ֤ݿ֤ѩ˵
̲ȴʶ˺һ
ĶԼǿһҲΪżߵĻ类Ĳɽˣһһúܳס
ֻعͷѩʲô
ѩóֻ˸֪ĺ룬
䲻һӺһλŮſڣкһʦҲСҲ֪ѩ«ﵽʲôҩΪδʦֻ




 ƽ˵ĶԱ
 

ѩָдװӺλŮ˵λǰǸƵĴþ18¥ɨỊ̇˵˵ʱͳһһ
þ˵ˣǾƵvipͻÿһγԽӴġӡر̣ҼǵϺˣСġ˳סͳ׷
Ҳ˵ǵģҿҲС㣬Ϊʱ18¥ĿҪЬ
ѩʵʶ𣿡
ָŵĺһ
ҡҡͷûм
̲һԵӣ꼶ͺһ£˭
һ˿þò
ӵĿǵĳƺָ̲ųԴһ˿ԼȴҲš
һӦʦ֣ô
ҡҡͷһѽѩæҲҵء˳ִļ硣
һòƿ֣Ҹʦ֡
ѩ¶Цݣ˵ʦ֣ú˵ʱ°ɣȻǲϵġ
ջֶ̬˵ðɣǵֱϵʦ֣ͱ֮ǰ˹ϵҴѩ˵ˣھƵʱҺͱһ𡣡
̲ˣ֮ǺһǺǰ˷ĹϵһŭӺһ㻹ʲô˵
һһ㣬δ̲ӡ
һԵѩҲһ
̲סˮۿתתûеȴó㣬ôôˡ
ڴʱֺˣںôĶ˺һҲôˡ
ҺʱŶ롣
ôˣ¶ò΢Ц죬ôôְ
̲ռҲԺַһѳҲ֪ΪθˣѩͶŶˡ
վŵν֤Ҳųȥˣֻʣֺͺһˡ
һҲ̲סˣ¿Ҳû
·˿ԼǱϷŪСһ㡣
һԵֺḧıŲԼˡ
ԼСĻֺƾůĹ˰ɡ
˾ôƹ˺þãһҲֹͣ˿
ֺذǣɳ¡
͸ոճ̲յĶԱȣƽ߸һˡ
Ϊոտ޵̫ˣҲΪһֱеѪǵԭ
ܸ֮оͷЩκҲôǣˡ
Ϊֺһһʸոշ飬ûС
ĵΪһˮȵˮɡ
һ̧ۣӹˮлл㣬ܡ
أڼֲڹ˾ͽҺɡͷЦЦ˵
ĺ𣿡ЩɣϾ˻ûк졣
ԵģҲǺԵˣÿζҪʱҲҵˡֺȻһ湫ӵӣ˾ܾá
һᣬϸ֣лл㣬
ô棬ֵΪһˡķǳϲȴҲֵôԡ
Ҳ֣ഥһ̷·ӼһӣÿԺҪҰæ㾡˵
ʼѿ۵С翪ļ䣬͵ɫǰʾĵ
Ů֮࣬Ҳָֻܸо
һҪջԼֺ֣ȴҪɿ·𱾸һ㡣
ڳ鿪ԼֵʱŻޣˣҽһӲĶ˺ðû˿ҾԼԿ׿ˡ
˵꣬ۻȥƷ
һôĶЩ˼Щж
ΪѾöû˶ôˡ
⡭ô˼أ㻨˶ǮҰǮ㡣һ˵һѰԼǮ
ֺס㲻ظǮⷿӳʱûסҲû˴ס԰ҿӡ˵һҪлء
޷ѣֻܰʾлԼŬرǰ˺õˡ
裬ոôˣ¥ºóѽ̤СӴ¥һ·Сںһ
ȵţ̣еĲ졣
ô꣬һԴȻ൫Ҳǳ֡
һһѱལûѽǲǳҵལ˯𣿡
ཹԹԵص˵ͷ˯ˣ衣۾ôģǲ۸ˣȥ
һһԵֺЦûУ˭۸ѽ




ڰ 
 

ͷָֺ˵ǲΪ壿
ֺеལû۸Ŷôãô۸ء
仰ཱུҲ˺һ
ֽͣ˵㿴ʲôóԵˡһ˵һߴ˴ʳ
ཿĵЦлл壬лл塣
˵Ƭʼ
һԵĺһҲܽˣֻ˵ٳʳԷŶཡ
ཹɵطʳֺֺߣ衢壬ǳȥԷɣҶˡ
һ˵Լȥ԰ɣҪʱŶ
ֺһѱལԼĳལʲôʱԷģԼҲҪԷ
Ҳ˼˵ʲôĬĬ˳
һߵĶͯڣȫǴźڳԷķޡ
ԱòŽӴ̫̫롱
ֺʲôֻʿǰ棬Լֱཡ
ڵĵƹѤõɫһȴۡ
ƴۣȴûз֣ڵسŷ
ڶ̶̵ĳԷ϶ǶƬѱѩɢطǳˡ
˾ԱȺڣ
ţⲻܺǸ
԰԰ԱôػиСӣѲѾˣ
ɣû˵ѽݵ˽ô᲻¡أ
ҲҲԣ˵Ůܣһڹܡ
ҲãҲáȻôô׾ͱнˣǹ˾һҪ󶼺ϸѽһߺŽġ
Լмɫܡ

ԵǿһʱѴ÷зˡ
~һ죬˾ڵҲʼզ
һһѩĵĳ£ܺõؽѩ׵ļеøѩˡһβȹһ˫ɫϸ߸ֵ쾡£ְҵֲʧá
ҲûзΧ۹۵Խ칫߾ԽΧ˵ĲԾڵﲻԾҲֻ֪ԼԼˡ
˴ʮӣֺ͸ԼƵҲڹ˾
ʱԱȺ۵ظӼˣͼӴ׵İ汾
ֺ빫˾ʱ۵ȫûˣҲûзʲô
ֻԿľǺһˡ
һλϣһλֺ쳣ŵŮ˾˺һļҪ°֮ǰȵĸ˾ƷȫͳƳ
ȻЩɣǵԼǸս˾͹ɵӦˡ
һͷļ糿˾һɶ
ԵĴûκεֻͣԽԽҡ
ǵƬP˸ֱȺﳰһ
˾ŮԶǰԵĴأվϴ̨ǰһ߲ױһ߼ǿеܺ͡ӡ
벻ͨܵ׿Ǹһһ㣬Ҿұǿöѽ
ɧѽǿ£ʲôʵЦˡ
ǣ˼ҿ崿˲ǣ֪ʲôʱ˸СҰ֡
ڴ˿̣һŶˤáءһ
ϴ̨ǰŵһ顣
˻عͷҲκεǸΡ
պøԵĻױƷһŤһŤ߳ϴּ䡣
ŮԱΪĸա
ĺһԼĶӱ˵ǡСҰ֡ͷŻҰڱ˵ģһҰıҰ֣Ҽסˣ
ƾ㣬ҵҪʲôͣܰô˵˻һҪֵļơ
һҲʾǰһҪҪԡ
һӲŮվסˣˣҲǿЦ
˵˾߳ϴּ䡣
ºһһ˳̾һڻԼǲǲӦûعչ
ͷóں첹ױΪԼô
鲻õĺһʱ䲢ûгȥԷһûθڣһҲΪ˸Ϲȡ
δԱֺͻȻҲ˲˾ڵСŮգҲٶ
ֺѰЩʲôһȦЩʧ۵ס
ֿٵ뿪˲
Ϊֱ¥Һһȴϱһͨ绰һֳ
¥ȴǳ³
³һλԵһǳ͵ʦҲմӺ겻ȻҲ˾ԣ̶̽Ӵ죬ҲΪ档Ů˾һҲ




ھ   
 

ȻһĹԵˮˡ
³ݹȺκ͹֭㡭ȳԵ㶫ɡ
˵һŻ̧ͷޣллѽ³ǮѽҰǮתɡ޶ˣһû΢ŰɣȼӸ΢Űɡ
³Ľ۾΢΢΢ǿԼӵģǮͲˡǲõģӦóԵġ
˵óֻɨɡ
ðɣлл˵Ҳͳֻ
Ϻ֮󣬺һֵͷʼˡ
Եλδ򿪡
³ˣֻĬĬؽδ򿪵ݵȳԷɣҰ㡣
òãһԼɡһӹΡ
ԼһʲôʱѽһЩûʲô³ϵļתԼλˡ
лл㣬´ȿѽһپܾˡ
ѽȳԷɡ³һѵ
ֱ°ʱ䣬Զûֹͣ
ԴԽԽӣ˾ڼе˶ԺһзǳĲ
³ϵļҲõ°ʱ䣬ٰһЩģǺһ˵ʲôæˡ
ɫҲˣȴҲ
һĨɫ͸شںһϡ
ɫĳ£ŮԵøӶˡ
ͬɫ»һӵӰҲԵøͦΡ
һУռֺ価۵ס
﷢ģҪ
ֺվˣҲûв
ͷһ˿ǰ
ֺ̲סͷطڶߡ
һٶܣܣô
ֺջ֣Ҹռ࣬ôིù𣿡
ֵĺһԭæżӰཻ࣬һڼˣ˿ʱ䣬ĥʱķҲӦûȥˡ͵塣
ֺҲĻϵݡ
ں棬ֱӽݰ¥ͣ㣬һЩ
һҲһ㣬ûоܾ
ϳֺ֮ͻȻ˼ĺһʶ˿
ֺֻֻȫϵã֮ͷɵϣȫˣҿ㣬ġ
һ㶣ĵ˵ͷֻһŶڼҵཡ
Ӹͣȣһͼܡ
ལལڼ𣿡ҵڼĴ
˯ۣ裬˯
һԴҵཱུķڣལԲ蹤ˣ´βˡ
Сû裬ûϵġ
ΪһֱǺһལͬĺҪӶ
ֺվţܰһ棬ԼҲжˡ
߰ɣ¥Ե㶫ɣҵӦҪˡ˳
һ˵гԣཿĵòˣֺĻ
ʱĺһȴò̫׵Ϊڹ˾Щܣôˣ᲻ᵢңңҲᡣ
ֽܣûˣʲôֺü˵
һԤֹƮţЩʲôû£ǾȥԷɡ
Ȼû˵ЩʲôֺܾЩԾ
극صҺʹ绰һ£ڹ˾ڵ׷ʲô
ͽԭίһֺ֪ŭһͷҪʨ
˺ǻ˾ȻԱôԴΪѩصúûб
û뵽ǣƬ˳̲յ
ǸɺϣǱ˾İƵġ
Ȼ̲϶һƭģշתʱȻԸһֱƭ
ͷֻһ˲Լˡ
԰Ƿǳ꣬ҪѰǰǸŮˣٺöС
Ƭĳ̲üͷһؾŮķŵˡ
Ǹ뷨͸ӵķˡ
ԽúһǣѩĿ϶Ͷһ֣ĽҲһ֡
ٵػƬֻһֻ̣ȼš
һŵֺ̬ȼᶨظ飺ǸƬĺҥĿЩҾͲˡ
绰Ƕ˵ҲŵϹϾӦˡ
ڶĹ˾Ȼͬû˽Ҳû۹ˡ
ÿ˵Ȼһ˿ֻǲ¶
һϰʱһȺ˾Χͽδġϰ
һǵ̬ȸе֣ҲֻòػӦţҲ֪׷ʲô
صԼλʱϷһһʻ
ڻ˭͵ģ²ⲻ




ʮ  ֹû
 

һչ뺯һôУ·ĳ³۾ɲÿ˶ʸģҲǿʸ
һͷǳ³Ц:֪뺯
ţǶϿɣɲÿ˶еġ˵ţ³ͷϵһ
벩һЦúüͰɣǸɶõĻӴ³Ҳܿǰ˵ѵʱһԹԶûУĸԸİѹã˼ˣѾˡ
³һ̫⵽ʲôܡ˵׵𣿡һ˼ЦЦŻعǺҵһЩչᡣ
ͺñϵ뺯ʲôģҲ֪⵽˭ѽòֺɣ
뺯أԲμӹ˾չᡣ˾ƷչᵽʱܶˣܶҵͷﶼιۡƲĻпһڶŶΪ½ʦ֮ǰѾ֪жˣǿչᣬ¶ͷǣȻһһǶġ
ţ˵Ǹ˺ΪҲչһˣ
úüͿץסñ˿㡣³һ͵֮ת뿪
һЦЦ³ǸֵýҲһͷе뺯ﰵĸԼΪܹڹڻȥһõĻһҪŬŬС
ӴĶ͵뺯ͻȻϵ뺯һѶȥһȥǸΪŮ˾
˵ûһòûмҽ̣㻰أǿһûмʱشŮ˾ɫ̱ҲһЩ칤˵Ŀⶼ߿
һŮ˾ĻһĻһһԲϾ˵ûмҽ̵˲ûҽ̰ɡ
ܣˣʱ򶼿뺯ˡһ֪ģ
ǰǰ˵˱ǲһ̫
˵ǱȽֱ㲻÷ϡ
һǵԵͬδϰˣŮ˾ҲһҲֻ˵ûˡ
ôʲô˼һ첻ôͼʹˣѵ˵Ĳһˣʲôʸμչ᣿͵ģǾǲ֪ȥĶģ
Ů˾˵ţ뺯ˤںһİ칫ϲźݻ:㲻׼μӣңûʸμӣ
ҹ˾ôˣûֺ·ƾʲôһͿôͷ
ܲܲμӲ˵ģ뺯ȻѾˣңдҵ֡
һ뺯վͱŮ˻Ҫߣĸ߸Ьһǿ
ҡҲûмҽ̡˵꣬һԼĹ
ôҵѽ֮ʱһŮûͷһҲ֪˭ѩ˭һӶǵģ
СãҾǾҺίرίŮ˾һѩ̰Ͱ͵߹ȥסֱ۲û޳
ôˣʱô£ôίˣ˭ίˣ
ѩϹ𾪺۵ȥŮ˾ôڵᡣ
С㣬Ҷ˹˾ôˣû˵ĸһͿԲμǹ˾չġô궼ûʸ񡭡ҾǾίЩûֶεڿҿҹĻòʦί
ò˵Ů˺֪£ģԭվںһߵġ˭֪Ļһ˶źۼһԶһЩ
ѩһƣǵ⣬˶վںһĶ棬ָоá
ȻҾһ㻹ȲҪμӰɣȻҲǲǣѩ˵߹ȥźһ֣Цᣬץźһȴôúһôһ˲䶼ΪԼҪˡ
ܰɡûȺһ³ͳ:ⲻǿôǿ˭Ƚڹ˾ľðɡ
һͻȻЩж벻³˵
ǰɣ³㲻һ˾ƵҲΪ˵㹴˵ֶܣٵܣĸ߼ʦ³
Ů˾һЦһ˶ϲźã
㡭һ㿴ͲҪǵôҶˣҪΪ룬ҶԲո硭Ϊ˴Ҷùܺúùͱμһչ˺òãѩһȻģΪ˴ּʲô˿ò
ֹûУõֺͻȻĳ




ʮһҵľ
 

磬ôư칫ңֺİ칫ҿһ¥ľ롣ȥİ칫ʲôѵΪŮˣ
Զľⳳ֣ܲһ𣿡ֺһѩ۾һ˿ζ
ѩԼҸôһһæתƵһߡ
ʲôˣû˸˵һ𡣡ѩ㣬ֺҲûΪתƵŮ˾ϣһ۹ǺԼŭ
ûûʲôϴθͲ˵ǰΡ
ֺڳǰһģǶ֪Ǽˣʲô鶼ĳ
ûʲô㳳֣ţ³˵ֺһ뺯ĺһʱվ⣬ȥ˽⡣ղû˷ҲԲ뿴һºһô顣
ġһһʮĽľҲЩ̫̫һһʦ֪ΪʲôҪôų
ҵľֺŮ˾Ĳԡ
⣬ʲô˼ľ
ǰʲô˼ģѩҲżֺһģûˡ
˼ҸġֺԼãԽĲˣĹ˾ʲôʱֵĵָֻţ
ǣ˲ƽѩżϣֺܹջԼ⡣
ôͲƽˣһȥˣ̳:Ҳ͵ҲûòֶλôҾͲƽˣǲƽǸųң벻Ҫ˵˰ɣ
ֻһչô鷳Ժҹ˾ǲðˣܹ֤Լʵɡ³㣬˭ǡ
ǹƽ㻹ǹҡѩ˵ʲôȴֺס
ѩˣ̫ˣİ칫ңҪôͻؼȥֺѾûжģոⶼһøСһ𳤴ӵô֪ܲ
ղѩȻڵͣʵȴɵ˹һϣĹ˾˾ôͷҲԡ
磡ѩö˶:㲻ܱԻˣͲʲôˣѧʱ͹ĵģûܸ档
ûмǴĻʱߵͦġҲ𣿡ֺ۾ѩҪȡֵʲôʱ
ˣѾŬȡһƽĻˡȻ㲻Ļ߾ˡ
˵ѩһȻģͷˣ۾ͬͱղΪȡƽĻһ
ˣ˵ˣҹɡһú׼׼ҿ㡣
˵ֺϵ뺯ںһĿһۣתȥ
ţʲôܲ۰õΪ˺һȻ
ֺǰŸߣ߾Ϳʼ˽һҲû˵ʲôԼλϿʼ湤
ȥһˡûãһŮ˾۾ЩЦ
Ů˾һ⻰˲ɫʮѿֺ֪һˣӦôȥ˰ɡ
ûã칫һָƽһҲԾ뺯ҪƵĶѧڹʱҲйССĳɼֻ֪ڵгΡ
ģúһ룬ʱ仹ءȵһٽȥͺˡ³ο뽻ӻвһء
ãлл㡣һ̧ͷϵ˵
ֻ칫ҵƽûжáŮ˾֮һɧ
𣿡žһŮ˾֪ͨںһϣ۾ģǿ޹ӡ
һЩֹ֣ʲô£ѵǼһʼεĻôܻᷢôֵֵܻز
ڹңһĹ˹ǣ治Щ˵Ի·ʲôôϲѴڱ˵ͷ
ĴѵҵĴһꡣˣҶûеùһչ뺯ΪұˡôСģȫ˺
ⲻҵĴ˰꣬췢顭˵ҵж
Ϊһ˰ְˣǹߡôţֲֺҪ




ʮ  ڵ
 

ž
İص칫ҡһԼҲЩɣֻϵʹٸģûл
Ҵ㣡С/ˣǸӣ㵽׸ʲôҩ
Ů˾ЩɥĲĳȥץźһͷҪͷײ
˾æȥȰܡɲ֪ΪʲôоȻиˮҵ˺һͷϡ
顭
ŲڵϵһԴһƬհף֪˶úȵѪĶͷϣţһƬѣΡ
һһ
裬ѹѽ۾ཡ
֪˯˶ãһϡڽԼͷʹһ㶼۾
ôˣ㲻Ҫѿེòãһһͱ۾ོᶼ
ˣûµģֻ˵ͷеۣ˯һͺˡֺżģҲЩⲻȥ
Ĺ˾˵ģȥʱÿһͷѪĵڵϡ
˶ûѹôСһżͻȻչĸ
ཡ֪ǲཱུһѹЩĺ
裡һ۾һ˵ϣſСŬҪס
裬ˣһΪ㲻ҪˡུſǻżһڴһͷֲűҲԼԼˡ
ʲôԲҪǼལҼôɰһ֣ıİο
裬˯˶ˣֻǵˮҵˣ֮Ͳˡ
˯Ѿĵˡ֣˲Լᣬȥһһˮ
裬ིãཻûг󣬵ཱིˣû˸۸ˡ˵ţеˮСĵݵǰ
ԲҲãûкúñ㣬ҵĹ˾ܵ˺ĶԲ𡣡
ֺЩⲻȥȥʱ򿴵ֳ̫ˡ
ûϵⲻ¡һЦЦѾõˡЩһֱչŵĻЩ˻۸ɣ
˲ǻˣֻ̫̲գԡ
ҲġһʶҪ˵ʲô:ҲֻҪʲôƵ飬Ҷν
УһĻཾͻСȭͷ
˭۸趼ԣҲŲ˭壬˼˵۸ǵĻȥ̺ôϵ˻֪ʲôʲôĻȥ԰¶ˣ
һЩΣཱུ֣ʾҪ˵ȥ
ǺһΣֺͬҲúΣǰͬྲྀ֪飬ѩôͲء
ˣõĴһ̡һ֣СԴ
ģ壬𣿡̧ͷոǵĶԻΪѩ۸ء
Ҳд㲻Ϊ⡣ֺһѩȥǻϽѩͣҲᷢչֵز
ˡ
ΧЩʱ򣬴һЩɻʱ˭ڹڣҲûʲôѰ
˭һʡ
ҡ⣬СģִſǻһˣǸŮ˾
⡭һֺģֺһ⣬üͷҲ֪ô£˲ҺһˣѾͽɳ˰
ɡֺҲһӣһڴ
ͨ
һһӹڵϥǵһĲǰ
һԲĶԲҴˣҴˣԭҺòãԭҺòã
޵ˮһúһӲ⡣
ôˣֺڣ͵ɳˣû˱ͣܳġ
ҡ
硣ʱѩų̰غյ߽һµĺӣһƬ
аغհæġŽǹ˾ˣҲڼš
ѩһЩ£֮ų̰غյ֣ͺרЦһ
۸ģ㣬˲㣬վ˵ۣģ۸𣿡
û˿ڣ̳嵽ǰһŭĳѩ͹ڵϵŽ˵
ҡѩһŵ˵ģ̶ڳ̰غյֻ¶һԴվǰСС˶




ʮ  滵
 

Ϊڱ˵˼ҾͿ𣿡ཱĵĿѩһûУ˵ʲôĿ˺Ůô
ҲǣСôôˣûмҽ̵ģѩЩҲס⺢ôôôأȻô˵
͵͵̰غգòӺģ²£һᣬİغղŲˡ
˵˭ûмҽأһ˲ͷϻˣһ´Ӳŭ
ǣҽ̵úúõģֻûмҽ̵˲Ż˵ûмҽ̣԰㣡
֪ԼվߣཱུĵҲŭѩ
㡭غգ㿴ѩͨѩʲôʱܵ裿
ʲôһϻͷѾʹˣʵûǳ֡
ǣС㣬ңһġһ֪ˣҲΣҲףһҪŮҪҸĸҲܽȥ㲻Ҫ/Һòã
ڵòŮˣٴο޵ñݵġ
Σһüôʲô֪
һ㲻֪Ҹµʱ򱨾ˡ
ѩ˵꣬͵͵̰غգ̰غûʲô飬һֱźһĶͷ
ѩҧҧ촽һǸ鷳
Ѿ֪ˣܲܲΣˣһˡţŽźһ֣Ͳûпͷˡ
ˡãһڰ֣Ҳˣƽ̫࣬ҲϾɱ
ȻѾˣҲܵӦĳͷҲ/㣬߰ɡ/ʱҪ˷һѵʱ䣬ͽǮѾûǸʱˡ
棬ģŽ𾪣ѩҲ𾪣һ׷ŹŽŴġ
ҲԱҪʱװȰȰһó̰غտô
߰ɡһͷֻúϢϢĶ롣
лл㣬лл㣬жԲ𡣡ŽɾӵվĳһϹתˣ·ѩʱźۼĺѩһ£û˷֡
˵ˣôô׾ԭأི̫ףôأѪˡ
ཹԣ˴ˣǲƽ̫ࡣһԼӿɰСֹסС
˴ˡãˡһ£ĵͷ
һһΪŽƽأʵŽҲͦ׵ģ㲻̫⡭
滵üͷݺݵĵһ˵ѩ
û˵˴㻹Ҫ˵ô࣡
Ƿˣûйϵȴһߴߴģˡ
ҡѩҧ촽ӣһһҪݺݵʰһ٣ڳ̰غǰô
һȲȥϰ࣬ȥһι˾ҲΣӦĲϣԽܡ
ֺüģҲѩ̫ˣĶӣԺ̫ݡ
ţллܡһòĳͷº͵΢Ц
ڵĺһŲŷͷĶĲŷ»˻¶ؿڵ̥ǡ
ڴ̥ǣ̰غǰǰǸϣôȻúһǸˣϢ̫Ϥˡ
Ӵȥ᲻ϴأѩע⵽̰غյĲԾȷ˵Ŀڡ
ѩĻһһʶĿ̰غգȻԷҲڽڡ
֮£ڱܣһֽԼ·ãһ仰˵
ʲô˵̥ǣཷӦתһɫǺȻĺһ
ཡһֹס鵽Ϊֹɣͳ̰غ֮ûѩҲûһĿܡ
ŶҲ˵ˡཹСǸ۾⣬̥ǣȴ˵
ˣ磬ҲͰغˡѩҲٴȥǸС˵ʲôѿų̰غֳ˲
һ˵³⣬̰غվͺǰþûж
ôˣѩ⣬ϳ
Լ˾һ飬ȥˡ˵꣬ûѩ˵Ļᣬ̰غţţϵȫһǳɣʧѩǰ
غգغգôԾѩö˶ţһΪղźһ©ڴ̥ǵԵʣһ
С㡣ѩڳöʱһɫĽγʻǰס




ʮ  ͵͵Ժ
 

Ž㣿㲻Ѿˣողôأ
С㣬ҡ뵱лл㡣Žԥĵͷ̧ͷ˿Χ:ģû˿ҡ
зִģѩҪķգ󡭡Ҫء
ϳɣС㡣һ˿˿ɾͲˣŽһһ˳ѩ
ʲô飿˵˵ϵ𣿡һһĳ̰غͻȻôͣ
ҡ㡣һٸ˵ȥҸطﲻ㡣
ŽֹŵĹ˳ţӳ˳⡣
һ·һҸߵĿͣѩһۻǷƷζ
˵ɣʲô顣ѩЩͷɱʱ䣬һҪȥһôơ
С㣬һлл㣬㣬ڻɳģرлл㡣
ɳʱ򣬶ˡѩų̰غռʱֽͳڶ֪Ҫô졣
Ž㣬˵ʲôأҸĹ˾ԹôˣҸ̫ϸ񡣡
ѩüͷһ۵ס֣ҡͷ
ǣҴûйֹܣⲻܵĴֺܹأʲôʱʲôʸ
ǣҸ类һǸŮ˸Իסˣܵ裬ĺܶԲҴҸ˵Բϣ㲻Ҫ⡣
ѩ͵ҡͷˮ۾͸¶޹ͬ顣֪һۿȥ϶̤صǸˡ
Ž㿴һ£û뵽ѩȻô˵ΪԼ鷳ء
С㡭Ž۾ˮɫĸж
ѩڣȻԺ֪Ҫô졣
˵ʲô˵ɡѩЦЦɵӡŽʱһҪ
ҡûйˡŽͷЩΪ˵ĹǺܺõģҲб֤˶֪ˣпҲҲôõĹ
Ұһݹ𣿡ѩһݹ¡
𣿡Ž̧ͷֻҪѩܹԼһݲĹԺϵɽ»Ը
ԣȻѩЩΪѵĵͷ:Ҳ֪˵һġֻȥغգܲܰ㰲һ¡
ãȥҳ̰غˣŽ㻹еôġ
ãСġлл㣬Ժڹ˾ҪСһºһֺӣҪվ˺һһߵģһĶѩҲ
ΪʲôѩһģĿ:һͦõģܾһЩ˺İɡ
С㣬̫̫ˣ֪֪治֪İ㻹СһáŽ̾һһںһǳԿˡ
ѩЦЦû˵ʲôͷĬĬغȿȣܺѽŽ֣Ժ¶һ
һʰ˶˿Χûʲôŷġ
˻ûкãҪԺ𣿡ཱིһºһȹӣĵĿĶͷ
һͷһ۲࣬ЦŶСԴ
ɵལ裬ֻ˲µġҽԺҲסϰѽҪǣҽԺʲôͨҽԺһ춼ҪöǮأŸոտʼҪལôǮ
ǡཻǲţôû£ûµĻҽΪʲôҪôı
ཹԣߣܿͺġ
һǳֺ˶ھԺģȥֺһûԺˡ
𣿡գĴ۾һ
ţȻʲôʱƭǼལ
һЦֹһСӣ˳һС
ûСնҡͷ:ûƭཡ
ڿԻؼ𣿡һվ֡
ãؼң˵ţԼСַ
Ժʱ򣬺һԼпȥˣȻֻһ죬ҽԺĹ˽ҽԺ²̫ˡ
С㣬ķѾ˰ˡǻʿ΢Цش𣬶һǸҲ֪Ůôôõĸ
˰ҽˣǷ˭𣿡ֺ˭
²̫㣬λ˵˲ø˭ķáʿЩΪѣңǸģĶ֪
Ĳ𣿡һЩʧ䣬ˣҪǷ˵ˣһ֪˭ġ




ʮ  ֪Ϊ
 

ǻʿûиߺһ˭ҽƷãһҲûټ׷ȥǻʿҲҲʲʲô
ҽԺһȥ˸ĴСǵþϸŹģҪȥһЩϲСʳ߲֮ģŽԡ
裬һǴ򳵻ȥɡﳵѾˣһһ᲻
򳵣Ƕ֪𣿴صҴ򳵵ĻҪһٶǮŶһһ£̫㣬һٿǮţ̡
Ǿʹཱུ㻨ǮȻôҪôûؼѽŬŬ죬ͬһ˵ŲҪôء
úúãһϽгԲ۵ġһΣССģʲô
֪ʡǮˣҲᵣ㣬ཻСֲܰʲô
˵ţЩתͷһΪʲôǽҪúðԼôͲúðԼأ
ལˣһԲšһЩΣС
裬ཱུĴǲǻིۣۣҪаְ־ͺˡ
תͷĽĿűʾСӣ˼ҴǺͰְһģֻǺ
ལһЩʣҲ֪˵ʲôڸʼԲཡ
衣ΪҰְǸжûϵȥһҾͲѽ
ĺһͷڰοҲڰοԼ
Ϲ˵ʲôأһˣС֪ʲôвеģҡ治Фֺѩĸ硣
ԺָѩҪ޸̰غգͳ̰غյĶӣ˼ֺԿ
ߣͰҵСӿһ᳤ģ˵ུ꣬ӺһĻþȫŹﳵǰߣһС˵ģ
һЦЦû˵ʲôֻǸĺ档ӦÿǸһְˡ
Ϊ°߷ڵԵʣһϽ˺þõĳûӦվԱߣСһƬƣ
裬ེۣʲôʱѽ֧Ųסˣ˯ڼɳϣȻĻҲá
һһ۵ĿེͮͮСܡ
ལȥȱ̲òãȣżء
Ϊ˲̫ܣһֻʱҸطվȷʵҲ̫ˡ
ֻһֲ֪˶ãûгӽӵڶѾˡһЩĶӣʼż
ȻǴؼҰɡôȥҲǰ취ȥ
˺öණö尢̡ʱҪҪŶ̫ˡ
ڶûгܲܲȥɣԲԣһĵĺŲɿڵģҪǻǰǼᱧԹ
ǡðɡЩйЭΪʲôֻһ㣬ȴء
õཱུͬ⣬һǣ߳ȥûãȴͻȻһܹȥ
ལལһ𾪵۾ʧ׷ȥǸʲô
ߵߵߵ
̰غЩͷĸòͷĸҴĳţ
ʲô̰غղͷĴ򿪳ţཷ򿪵ĳײڵϡ
ҲԼСƨɣЦĿ̰غա
λ壬ǼģҽԺǵ壬Ǹ̾Ƕģ
ལôʲôڸĺһĽһԣոˤˡ
裬裬㿴Ұҵˣ˷ָܵų̰غգṆ̀ҪһȥӦòְɡ
㣿һһ̰غգŵæ˼ĶҺͳ̰غճϹϵ
㰡̰غտ䲻Ŀڣԩ·խ
Ҳʶ̫ˣС֣Բôˡ
ʲôСƨ̰غմֱԼȵСޣӵͦȤġ
ҲŲСƨཻСȭͷ˽Сƨˣ˭ԣ
Բི£ŵˣߡһ̫ľཱུ̽ߡ
ǣһ£裡һ£͸ӣིŲ׷Źᣬʱ˻֪ûгؼء
һֲֻԼվڳ̰غյĳǰ
壬֪Ϊ𣿡ſڳ̰غյĳűϣ̽СԴ




ʮ  
 

Ŷ̰غȤüСƨ˵ʲô
һݿҪǩһ¡ģСǹɵЦݡ
ôǩգ̰غҲżܲȻƽʱôͲ֪ıȥˡ
ģճԺȻǴ򲻵㿴ôĶҪңĶԲԣԿ϶ǲȥȻгǻȥ
ེٺһЦ漴ԼСڴóһ߲ʰǵݵ̰غյǰ
ģҶ᲻óԵģǻȥɣòãһֽǾٵ̰غյǰһƵĳ̰غյ·
һ𾪵˵ôһ㶼³̰غգ
Բûпལ߰ɣཱུģལ費Ǹ߹㲻鷳𣿡
һЩ£Լཻṵ̆غգĸԺӾ͸Ӳùˡ
Ҳ߹ң鷳ҲҪұ˰ڲ˰ིĵľС͡
ûϵϳɡ̰غѵõĺ飬֣еİһù:͵ǳˡ
鷳ˡ
֣лл壡ིһĻᣬɴϳںλϡ
һЩΪѣڸǺãҪϳ̰غյĳ𣿿ѩ֪Ļ˵ϳĻڳˡ
ôϳɣ̰غյĿһۺһӶϳˣվʲô
лл㡣һһེԼϵȫ
壬Ǽڻ԰·źšԼ˳ཿĵĺͳ̰غ˵
š̰غյͷӣһ·˶ûô˵żĽҲΪཿڡ
302Ĳأմӹ˾ϹҲһʻʿ
302ŲѾóԺˣʱġʿһۼ¼302ŲĲ˿֣ôô
ԺˣǻôԺֺüɫѿһ˵סԺһˣҽԺôԲ˵ģ
˼ǲԼҪģҲûа취ʿǸҪҲס
ˣû£ղҼˣʵǲ˼ֺͻȻҲʶԼ̬Ȳã̵Ǹ
ûϵôÿˣ˶ûᡣ
Ҳһֺ绰ֹػʵǵģֻ̿ȥ԰·Ǳߡ
ߣ̰غðѺһĸ͵ҡ
лл壬Ǹˡ³ĵĳ̰غջ֡
лл㣬鷳ˡһҲòĳó̰غЩ̫ӦʲôʱôͿˣ
л鷳꣬ҲûʲôҪ˵鷳ʲô鶼ȥǻؼң͵Ƕˡ
𣿡۾ͻȻų̰غյĿʡ
˵ʱҪҿӣ̰غյͷ⺢ʲôëôϲ·˵ģ
Щ˼ķ:˼Ҳǹģ廹ûлشûг
ཱུһҲ³̰غգǳ̰غձ¶ͷˣҲ˵Լ˵Ļ
ûСǻﻹʱȥԷ
һҪģܿģһ԰ɡɲǰװ׽˰æˣҲ֪رġ
һ̰غһ£Ժ龰ˣһСⲻһһ
ѽѽܻģ˵ոǻؼңҪʾлġ
ཱུͷֲĳų̰غյĿȣ̰غյͷˣҲһСӼƽôࡣ
ãǾͳ԰ɡ֪ôˣʹģ̰غԼȻӦСƨ롣
ԭһུͷ˭֪̰غվȻȴӦˡ
û취˰˺úòˮдҲûбİ취ˡ
صңһ˳ʼཾų̰غľ
̰غմһůɫĵƹ⣬ӵкһڳæµӰвϴ˴һеһУ˾úů
ڣϣֺҲ˺һſڣ͸ůɫĵƹʱһĲŷ
ߵߵߵֺһԼ·š
̽еĻľݸ̰غգСܹȥ
СӹԹԣλѽ˵˿š
ҲԹԣ塣ֺཱུҲ




ʮ  ô
 

壡཰Ŵ򿪣һơ
ôˣأֺһͽཱһֹš
ڳأ˵Ҫؼңֲ̫ǿˡε̯֣Ҳû취
ཡ̰غգôɳϵĳ̰غգֺɫ̱֮ĵʱúĪԼҲ֪Ϊʲô
ңҺ򲻵ҿλ壬ϵҽԺҾǻˡ̻شô̫ˣ
ʲô𣿡̰غչ˹:˵ʲô𣿡
㣡ֺüʲô˼
ںδ޵ĹϵϵһŮӼﲻðɣ
ֺһںһûѩĸߣе
δޣǣǲĻһأ㲻𣿡ּͥͺͶϷһ˵׼ġ
㡭
ôˣĺһֺʱһˣòͳ̰غհɡ
ȥҽԺҲ㣬ǲǻؼˡرģҪ
ȻҲһԸɣղŴ򲻵˳æһͣϣǶҪᡣ
ֺһĽЩģڸԼǲ˵Լģ
ҲΪŹûб˼ ֺҲԶӵ̰غա
ûϵӦ˵ǸģߵʱҲûиһ㵣ˡ
һůůģ˵ŵĸоáôþöûйָоˡ
Ǻ찡ͻȻһԱ˵ĳ̰غЩõĿڡ
̸ôģ˶ڵ𣿹йŮģͶǷǣ֪עһ£
Һһͦģغգʲô𣿡ͷ촽Ṵŵơ
ǲ֪֪֪һҵһλ˺ء̰غվߵһߣվ
һ˵𣿡ֺǲų̰غյģȻѩϲ̰غգϲ
ˡһȻڣǺѩʱʲô
ŶֺһϷʵĿ̰غ:Ǵء
ҼǴ𣿡̰غһѽһԼ:ǰ㲻ǻѩŵ˭ǰǸһŮˣǴ˲ңǺһСɣ
̰غյĻһɫһӱѿôǰô˵ǲ
ʲôǰ飿ֺ֪ѩһйڣʲô
͵ʺһСˣһ˵ǲǣ̰غչǵĽкһԽѿɫﲻ֪ΪʲôȻʹ죬Щ᣿
˼˵Ұְ֣һֱڸʲôץסص㣬̳ס̰غյĿʵ
ʲʲô̰غһô˻иСģһǲǸ֪ȻҲƶӾġ
УҾ֪˵ѡЩĵĿ:ɰ
԰СǻҪɣԺƽദȴƫƫҪԴס
ɣ̰غЦƨ̰غյֵû֣
ر԰Сѣʦϲ˭һҶαȥأ裬Ҷˡ
ԹԵ˵ԭصˣſ̰غյĿȣתץס˺һȹǡ
һӦཱུߣһͼ:ཱུĶˡླྀһȥɣҲҪˣϴֳԷɡ
⺢СȷʵӴ¡ϾСͯ޼ɣͯ޼ɡ
һﰲοԼ̫ˣոַΧǿһض޲ȥ
ལԺ󲻿˵ڳһССĸཡ
Ϊʲôû˵Ǿͺ԰С
λ嶼ġһѡҿЦȻǻúΪ顣
һҲ֪ôཽཻͣС֪ʲôǰ飬ʲôϲ̫ˣⷶΧ֮ڡ
Ϊʲôǲ˼𣿡գĴ۾ʮֿɰɻʵ
ô˵ԺҪ˵ֻ˺òãֻǼҲˣһڣͯ޼ɣܻ鷳
ŶӦһ֡




ʮ  °칫
 

Թֺͳ̰غմߺ󣬺һ˲ų׵׵ķ
Ҳ֪ôˣӶķô顣
裬һ𣿡ϴུӴ̽СԴǰæƵĺһ
ʲôʰɣء
裬ϲ廹ǳأུӴСܵһߣӱס
ţΪʲô⣿һЩȣ˵ĸûرԵıֳɡ
֪Ƕ˵һ˵һԺİְ֡裬ϲ˭Ҷ֧㡣
̫ˣˣæһ죬ڻϢһְֻͲôࡣ
˭ְ֡ལҪˣ컹Ҫȥ׶԰أȥ˯ɡ
Ķʲôֺ̰غգ˺֮ĲʵʵİǰȲ˵˼δض˼˼֮ĲҲ̫ˣʡ
㲻Ҫתƻ⡣ིģǰСӿ쳤ˡ
費תƻ⣬ֻ֪أֻཿֵĳ費̫ࡣȻȻľͲϲ廹ǳˡ
裬Ҳ̫ࡣƲƲ죬ŲĹڹʱ򣬿˼һڵʱ趼ǺĽľͿ˼ҵġ
費Ͻȥ˯ٲ˯һ̾һֽСӱڴϡ
һۣ꣬˯˵꣬һĶͷ˵ƣֻϵС̨š
һһڼҺüȥ˾֪ڶȥĻһܴĺ䶯Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ȻȥɣңֺѾ˵˲Ĺʡ
ֻǺһû뵽ȥ˾ʱ򣬾Ϳǰ칫ҵĻұ˸ˡ
λòˡûнԭİ칫ң³ͽ
ʲô˼λòĶ
ܸƧһ칫ңڸڣԺǶˡ³ָһ¸ڵķ䣬ֺôأһһһ
Ҷһ칫ңһָָԼ˲
˵ܵģ˵Ϊ˲㡣³ͻȻѩЩĹۣҲǻˡ
ѩôôģһһ۶İ칫ңѩڹɱİɣ
ѩôǰƵ˾ȫ˶ǰ˼Ҽл
㲻ϲ𣿶һҰ칫ͦõģû˿Դ㣬԰ĴϲԼһ칫ңڣԼС칫ңȻûкһôá
ҿԲȥ𣿡Ǹȫ˾˶ŵĶǸˣûƷûгɼȴͻȻôõİ칫ң˭˭ֻῴأָЩ˸ƶǸƿֺϵĻƿֺλĻƿԼ
Ʋаɣ׼ġ³ҡҡͷû˻ܾİ칫ңƲˡ
ã֪ˣлл㡣һΣˣȻˣҲûʲô˵ˡ
תԼİ칫ңʩյϢõƮףõĵԣӦоУһС䣬Ƕͯ߷
ôϲ칫𣿡ͻȻֺһһ
תֺѩվԼһЦĿֺЦʵģѩġǵ⡣
㲻Ϊ׼칫ҵģҺһҲԡǲ⣬ȷʵûʸ⡣
ôô˵أһһεҶԲ㡣칫㰲ŵģ㿴ͯΪ˷ܴӡ
ѩЦһ֣ȴһһ˦
ллСĺ⣬´βעĿҲǷǡֻúùȶȻ㺢
һǲǻҵѩѹҧŴ԰
ģһεȷҵĲԣҾ̫ŽˣԲ㡣Բ㻹ǲԭҵĻҿȫ˾ǰǸġ
ѩװģǰҲһ
ǳ̰غջֺǺͺһߵ̫
һһѩòԣҲдҲԭҵĹһ˵ֺҲ˵
һԲĲǹģ㿴ⲻǸĲԭҪǲԭҵĻȥȫ˾ǰǸˡ
ѩ̸͵ĵͷٴźһ֡
ȥɣ




ʮ  һ
 

һ˦ѩ֣ոջʱѩӡ󻹲ĺ
ɻعһʱ֮ͲӦðһ̲滵ôңһ뻹ǰ͵ء
ּʵĸ˵ʲôԭ²ԭµ飬ǺЦˡôݻʲôʦɴԱˣǼôǮ϶ܰ졣
ʲʲôѡһŵ˺󼸲ôĲһΪһֺǰһȥǸģȫ˾ǰǸ
˵Ҫȫ˾ǰǸĻǾȥɣҲ㡣ҪǸˣõ˵ô໰
ңҲǣҵ˼˵ѩתͷֳֺ·òȥȫ˾ǰԺǸɣ
ˣҪʼˣ߰ɡһڰ֣ﲻϷ̨ûѩﳪϷ
һúù㲻õġֺ֪һԼü˵ҲʱվεķΧ
ˣлܡ˵꣬һֱͷҲصԼİ칫򿪵ԡ
ֺһۣѩȥˡ
磬㿴㿴ҶѾǸˣһѩͿƲסˣղôĸһ̨ˣôô֪ô
ˣ˵ˡһŻعͷô飬ܲ𣿡ǻҲɡ
磬˵ֱӳԺˡ㲻ȥû°ɣôȥģ
ѩתƻ⣬̰غն֮һֱҲġ˸ҽԺҵļ취һ£һҲǶֹ
û²飬ٲȥΪ̰غջ֪³̰غջֻ߾ȹһµȥһǶֺ
ʲôֺ۾˵һ
ûʲôǺѡŽʱͦصģҾóȻԺʲô¡磬ѵҾֶ񶾵Ů𣿡
ѩСֺһ𳤴ֺ֪ԣзִ磬ֺúܺá
ֺ̫룬ֻҪֺԲ
Ȼֺԥһ£ѡ
Ժǡ˳̰غգǳ̰غؼҵġ㲻̫ģû£ֻԺ㲻Ҫôˡ
һѩ׵ľҪһμӰչᣬ̫ˡ
غȥģѩüô֪̰غôϲˣ
ȥ˼鷳̰غǿཱུķϲȥģˣҲȥɣһҪæ
ֺѩһۣЩζ˵ò׺һŲƽϵģɱȥ˼ҡ
ŶãټѩӦ̹ᴿЦݣֺӻ֡
ȵֺ˵ݣȵݵʾ˸¥ѩЦݾȥһµģ
飡޴ĿúһŵôӰ칫ôˣ
ûӦ칫ҵֱ˹ϣһֻѩڵĳ߹
/ˣѩֲɷ˵˺һһơ
/ˣ/ˣѩû񫣬ٴٴһȴһס
ʲôһƵһߵɳȥԼԡ
Ҹʲô㲻ԺΪʲôҪغգغҵδ㲻֪㻹û߳ģ/
˵꣬ѩһڣ̰غô˻ؼңڳ̰غôãû͹ؼң
Ǹᣬ㰮žţž㣡Ҳ֪ǰԼȥ
һ֪Ҳѩټƽһƣ̰غδȷʵӦĳ
ʣʲôʵ˵ûĳѩЦǿЦôõĶƾʲôһô׵õ
ĳ˵ǸᣬǸʱҲûа취ǸһһǸˣһԾĲԡ
ӴװһءҪʶȤĻйԶҪҵǰҺͰغյǰ
ѩվƽ
йˣʲôҪҹȥУһܺúú˵ʱϽȥ򡭡Ҳ֪ʲô
˵꣬һҲƽ˿òò͸Ժѩ۸Ļᡣ
ģеģһú档һ첲šȵģϣס仰ڵʱ򣡡




ڶʮ  ʲô
 

һҵĲԣǸѩҲô۸ġһҲƽ޹۸
Ҳ֪ĲԣϴĻǾ˳һεչᣬҵ·
Ƕʦ ѩֺͺһͬѧ ֪һ츳пԺһΪ·ϵİʯ
һֱŬֺĹ˾湤ʦҪһܹó̰غտԼ
̰غռҲݳƷƳģڸ߿Ƽ棬ǼڷװƷҲкܴĳɼѩҪһΪʦܹȥϰ̰غգǳ̰غһܿİɡ
ܡҵõĻᣬһŬϧʲôʸҪ˳չƣһ̬ȼڹڳ¶ͷǵĻᡣˣԺཱུͲ÷
˵㻹ǡȻװʲôأѩ粻ڣһΣ
ȥҪʼˡѩͲҲûнıҪˡһеĲͷŬԼƽ͵ĺ˵
ȥΪΪĵطɣҸѾȥˣû˭㡣
ѩ˵ʲôͻȻ߽һˣѩ󾪣ͷȥȻֺ
磡磡ôˣѩôˣ
ҲǲǾҪ۸һˣͻȻϢûиߺһתͷģ˭֪һԼôһ˵
ǣ粻ѩֺǰΣһҲΪֺ˲Ÿôġ
ѩҸ˵˾㲻ֺ֡ɫѿ֪ѩͺһìܡǱϾǴѧͬѧϵȥû뵽һǴ۾
Ҵˡϴѩܻᡣ
İ칫ȥ⼸첻ҪҿһֺѵõĮԴ񣬺һҲǵһμɫ
ҴˣĴˣ㲻Ҫҳ˾Ӧģһкչҡ
ѩöţҲǺòĥӲݲŽʦɲ˭Եġ
ֺȻ񡣿ڹ漫ϸְĻѩҲĹ˾ʦ
ҲߣáǲҪٿڶΣᰴչ˾Ĺ涨áǹ˾ڲԾ˭
ǸˣУҾһ˵ѩܳһİ칫ҡ
Ǹֳûйܺáֺ߹ȥ봥һͷȴֻļ
û¡⡣֪ѩʲôˣϵ
úơ㲻һƣԼ뷨һǸ˲ʦ
ұҲûһ̯֣Ƚɡ
ֺҧҧ촽ѩôˣһνӡﵽʲôֵģ
һˣʱô˸оȴôԶ
ʲôֺ֪Ȼеѿڶ
ʲôʲôһЩ⣬û˵ʲôⲻİɡ
ˣûʲô飬ĶԲúùɣȥæˡûаϡֲʲôˣʲôƽأ
ý쵽ôˣһҪҲ磬һֵֹ˵˵һһ롣
ˣˣôʲôڵ֮Ҫ
ԴӺһ֮󣬳̰غյЩܻ֡뵽ںһཻкһһĳܾһˡ
εʱ򣬶εһȥֳһһ
ǡ
̰غ۾΢΢ѩ˵ģһǰһǸˡལӦҲĶӡ
ʲôƨһˣеİɣ̰غ˵Ļ󣬳̰غΨһĺҲǷСЦ²۵
̫˰ɡ̰غԼüģ̾һ
˵㣬ҲŻعܾܲͲҪôʣǸһȽϺá
̰غһۿȥڹ˼Ƥ
ǰ͸˵飬ʵɰһ⣬αô⣿òǶ˼һɣŶӦһҹ顣
Щģôûַգˣжˣû
ҵС




ڶʮһ  㿴
 

ۣһˮ˳ЩֵĿų̰غա
˵ʲô㾭ε˼ң㻹֪˼ҳʲôʲôأòħ˰ɣôô⼸궼û˵
̰غտһۡЩ䣬ʶȤı죬СҪ幰̰غŲĿڡ
ûεӣҼǵؿڵ̥ǡҪ֪ǸŮ˳ʲôӣõô
㲻ѩ𣿡Ǹ˵ѩҲ̥ڻھʲôֱͷӵԸѩȢ˵¡
ҡѩ𣿡֮һ¡ЩΣ̫ɺϣЩɡ
Ҳš͵ҡͷѩҲ㲻죬ҶȦӵˣƽʱȥۻʲôĶܻ
Ϊʲô̰غЩ֡ǳڹ𣬶ѩûô˽⣬ôôƶ
̫ˡվٺһЦ:ѩʲôˣȦļ˶֪뾡˰취Ҫ޸ġ
Ȼ󣿡
ȻʲôȻԼһ¡ǰǸˣ϶˵ȻˣõŵȵڡŮ˵Ļ̫ţҲԲšҾ㻹ȥһ룬úȥһ顣ǸʲôģǸŮء
˵ģּͥĺмǵģм˵Ļǿ԰ٷ֮ٵţ
ͳ̰غôõĹϵʱΪ˱ͼ֮ͻǻǻѡ˵ѡ
˵Ķԣôͽˡ̰غüܺãá
ޣʲô˼СүҸջعͿȥ¡ԼķծԼȥŪҳ
̼үһó̰غȢѩҪʱȥʲôǰ飬ү֪˻һȰ
ȥȥ̰غվָؽڣƽ
ҿܣãСүҴ򲻹㣬ȴ𣿡̰غյļƣ幽ڽڰˣɴ򲻹̰غ̬
֪͵𣿡ܺãѩҲᷢˡ
ǸһúÿҪǳúÿĻҪǲŮ˵ĻֵҿɾҪӢ׷ˡ
һתЦĿ̰غգŻعʱ䡣ǳ̰غѾ֪ٴκһˡ
̰غս칫ϵıͲҹȥ߷ӦѸٵĽӹ
ϣôԴģСүһǰġ
Ȼҽб
͹幼þգɲѳ̰غǼˣȻûкӹ
ССվ׶԰ſĴһôûй˵첻Ӱ
СѣȻǽ׶԰ߵòã·ϵء
԰ʦĵİοལȫ԰˶ˣֻʣһˣҲѹᵣż
ûϵҾվȾͺˡһ͹費ܲģô󣬺һûжʳԹ
СѡڶҪʱˣȻ绰ʣིߣҲû°ࡣ
Ϊླྀʦ鷳ǲ˼Ҹ绰ɡʦֻһáཹɵĵͷ֪ʦҪ°ؼҳԷģԵ˼ҡ
û˽𣿡ʦŶżɫֻˣ绰Ҳˣôû˽ӵ绰
ûУʦ᲻ʲôˣżһҪ޵ӡ
ٴˣ
ˣ˭Щգûаְ֡Ӵ壡뵽ཱུ۾̲ͨһ绰
ιֿ˻̳
ңཡ°пôûѽϤŷ
ûȥȵŲҪڹȥ㣬Ȼһȥ裬òã
ֺһ̽ϵ£һ뿪˾ȥ׶԰ȥģ
ţáܹɵģཹҵ绰԰ſڵ˶ʮӣֺĳųǰ
壬أཿȥûпһЩżǲһ˾𣿲Ӧһ
ҲĶȵǸٴ绰Ҳ֪һȥˣֺҲЩż˵һǲྲྀ԰ⲻ
áڳҲ
ֺŽཱϳһ١
裡ȥĶˣôòû˻ӵ绰ˣ




ڶʮ  ϲ
 

ǰһ㲻ǲӰ˵˺þˡ˻˾ͺãոջڳҪȥء
ʲôһɻؿֺǲӰģֺҪһļ
ôˣ㿴ҸʲôླྀҴ绰ҲŹġûʲôرֵĵطɣΪʲôһҪô
ҽ춼Ҫ°ˣ˸ңһļҾڡǿЦֱˣˣ
ûСԼʲôļҪʲôЦôҪʦĹֲǺһֱ˾ļҪԼأ
ҽ챻˹ڰ칫棬˵ļҾͲ°ࡣһΪʲôļһģҾӰˡڵ˼˵ұˣ˶𣿡
һͻȻԳЦЦô֮ô£²˳
壬Ĺ˾кܶ˲ϲ裬𣿡ཿֺȻΪʲôҪô裿
˲˵ˣལǻؼҡһǵذڰ֣ϣòװѹ꣬ȴͻȻˣˡ
ǻȥ
ˡ붼룬һܾ̾ɲʲô£ֻེúһƽƽĳ
֪˾кܶ˲㣬ҲصظչĻᣬû뵽ô鷳
ֺͻȻԼЩЦһһҪػˣͷΪԼܵ˺
ܣ֮ĲܴҾĶԴԡѰ칫ջȥɡ
ɵӡֺ֪ԼкøУһδеŮˣڻŸӣôܺһ
ޣ㲻Ҫ˵Щ˵ĲԣΪʲôҪ壿֣ཾС죬ϲ壬ܰ䰡
˾ҵĲԣһҲ㣬ϲ㣬ĵһΪ׷㣬ྲྀܹϰһӡ
ֻû뵽ô鷳úһôš
ɰôúõĸͻȻ˴ƣһлǧˣĻ֪ҪôֺĻ⡣
ֺɫѿӲĻͷڳԼЦĴкĺ幣ʱʲôң
幣þòֺƴĸԼԺһʶ
ͦòˣû뵽·Ȼ㡣ף˭ѽиӣСð𣿡
˵꣬年ӿڴóһǵݸལӾǳ̰غտеǸ˰ɣϸͳ̰غպ
˭ûнǰǣ֣˵ҲֵֹζҲһ
ѡֺ֣һཱུ
⺢ô̰غô񰡣幷·ûֺ˵ԹԵ˵
ǴӦ̰غպúð飬˭֪һĸ˵ʲôʱ򣬾Ҫ׵ֺ
ϻûེͺһг̰غյĹϵôֺóѣһǳ̰غյĶӡֺҪͺһһˣռǼҳ̰غյıˡ
Ϊ̰غյķСûѣǾԲԹ۵ģԣֻҪΪѳһ׵ķΧ
㿴ˣཱིҡ˵ˣôܻ̰غءһΪ˵ϣԷӦ֪ʲô˼
ǰˡһĶӣͳ̰غûаֹϵôܻأ
ֺһ飬ǹİɣ粻ƫƫʱ
˵
ʲô˼һоæһֽཽڻĿź幡
⡭˵ЦأڰغǱ߻ƣǿ˭˰ɡ
幺ٺһЦ۾ȴһеĶȥҪͳ̰غպú̸̸ˣ̽̽Ŀڷ磬ôɡ
Цһ㶼Цλˡһ̰غһֱǸĽٲֶεŮˣ˵Ҳһᣬһֱûаཱུ˵
ѿڶ˵ཱིø̰غҪǴ̰غյĶ־ɡ
⻹ҪģҪǣ³̰غཱུ֪᲻һаུߣ
˼ඣҲǹģȻȥɣüһ񲢲ེͳ̰غճϹϵ
ǼȻĻͲǳ̰غտְĽٵŮˡİĽ٣϶ҲҪġ




ڶʮ  ̫
 

ˡ˵꣬һǰߣֺûЩʲô˰һһĴôķգܺ
ûҲˣҪµĻô죿
ֺں߽кһûһǰߡֺһۺ幣ʲôεĲʼ磬ʲôûֻǴһкѡ
ȥĶֺһۺ幣ּһͣæȥ˭֪ȴںһס
ȥʲô˼ҶˣôϻȻֺȥܸᡣһ˼Һһǳ̰غյô죿
֣ֺüôֳ·ģ
ͳһ·ܸʲôЩ޹ķſֿﰡͳһ·ɡ·ôⲻ
·ֺԼ·ٴתͷһıӰ
˵ˣ˼Ҷ˵Ҫˣ㻹׷ȥʲô˵˺ֲģʲô׷ȥ
˵ҪҾͲźôˣҪȥ𣿡һôôԼһȥأ
ȻˣȥüǲֺͺһиĽӴ
ˣԼ
һۼֿ죬һס:ոպڸ˼ұװɣ˼Լˡ㲻ڲ̫ʽӴ׷Ů
ĳһΪֺõļ
ǡҲǡոպһѾĸˣȴûκεķӦǲ˵ûãʱȥ׷ӷģ
İɣһȫ͵ҡ˵ʲôˣ㲻СʶʲôҼҾˡظȻʱֺ꣬ôƭ
ллˣ͵֮Ҵ绰ֺԥһ£Э
İɣ˵꣬ԼĳֺһתͷһºһıӰҲˡ
ֺ֪Ǻûֱȥͺһǹոȥ˸һҿ˸ѸٿȥҺһ
л˵̰غں幵ĳĮ۾ֽԼֶλϡ
ҲһüһͲ˰ɡ
𣿡⸽ĿãûˡҪǿǴСһ𳤴ķϣˡ
ոе鵢ˣһҪȥӸˡȻĳźһལǼһɡ
ŮؼҰɣһǣཱུվķȥֺû׷ô׷ˣ
߿ˣ壡һĵںһǰոտ并Ժһ˵ḡĻˡ
ˡһߣĮܾ
ֺġҽҪǲȥҲøϳɡ
üһۺĳ̰غգ̰غҲüͷʲô
ˡһɾܾǣཱུ־Ҫǰߡ
㲻ϳĻҸһȥվඡͷһ۳̰غգô
ңһվסЩĹ
ҲǱ㣬˵һŮӼҼңȥôֲ㣬ιСؼҺòѽ
ҲŲҪԡĿһۣ˸ۣ˭Ҫֹͻؼң
Ĳǻˣ廹ҳءС̫۸˰ɣ
壿ཻͷǸ
ѽ̰غ㵹˵仰Ȼ˼СŮСӶΪǻˡνҡ¶̰غյݡ
衣ЩòĿһ˵סҪҪϳǵɡ
ˣԼȥһһ£ôôɣ֮ԱҲΪѩԭɡӦ˵ǳ̰غա
Ӧг̰غյĳĸң
һС㣬Ĳǻˣֺؼҵģչһ£ո˼ҲǸ𣿡
̰غôһ仰˵Ҫʹɱǰɣ˼ֺ֪ˣôûС
Ŷ̰غɫһ£ֺˣ
СأߡЩһ̰غĳ˵˾仰ֶ
ҴӦֺġʲôߣϷû




ڶʮ  ſ
 

ҪôҪô㿪̰غյɫȥֺ˼֣广⸱ģ֪ԼûƤЦȥֻγһЦЦˡ
裬ǳԴˣЩԵͷôֵֹģ
һ˱۾Դףôܣ̰غյﶼǳǾԼְĽٵŮˣȥֺ˵ڶɡ
裬𣿳ҵĸ𣿡ղ˵ͳ̰غպˡ
˺˵һҲչ˺ġһͷཱུСԴǣ߽
Ϊôȥˣɵ׻Ǻһ̫ˡ
ţٵྲྀѾ˯ˣʱ˭
һеıʣͻȻЩ־ôٵֺֺᣬôš
ΪҾͽȥˣ𣿡⣬ٴ
̰غգһɫ󾪣ôˣôʲô
Ȼ֪ң𣿡ĳ̰غѾûжģ˼֡
ʲô£˵СΪ˰ȫҲΪ˱ⲻҪᣬһ
⣿Щ˵𣿡̰غЦŸֺΪʲôҪף
ҹˡҺͳûʲôҪ飬ܲǲĺá뵽췢飬ѩЩôô
ڿҪ°ʱ򣬰칫е˶˵ֺ£Ҫļó̰غսѩ֪ˣֲ֪ôĥأ
ڱӣǰôûӣֺһʱôûӣ˵ʲôǰǸˣװʲôߣ
ǰɣ˲̰غյ˼֡
㵽ʲôһЩͲܷŹ
˵һΡš˵ݾܾһһŴ򿪡
̰غһţһǽϣ˵һֵ۾ܵĴԼߣ˲
Ӧ˫ŬĴıϣֹܹĽԣɳ̰غһ㶼Ӱ죬
֪˶ãⲢЩĴ֡ǸоĲͲԾ̰غͣĶ˺ͷ
㵽ʲôһĿǽϡ۾ˮЩĿų̰غա
ΪʲôҪֺôϲᡣ
ʲôϵϵ͵ûз߰ɡҪѩ֪ҲҪҵˡѾûоȥѩֻúõİླྀ
㣡ͻȻͻȻ䴳Լôʧأ
ȴ˵Բ𡣳Բ𡣡˵ţһ90ȾϹóܾƣ
һ飬ǰǸǲ㣿ǲҶӣ
幵Ļȥ֮һֱ˵жֻҪϸ֪Ǹͬһģӿ̳ġ
ེܶΣûཻĶӡôһ˵ô¡
һЩԥˡ˵ǵĻճ̰غ硣ҪôҪףҪôǰུߴߡ
ѩлԼûи顣һϣΪһҪǣĺӣһҪ߿ġ
ǡһῪڣ͵Լûл͵ûгڳ̰غյǰ
ٸһλᣬһλᡣ˵ǲǰǸˣǲҶӣ
̰غҡҡͷšһ֮ǰô϶˵ǰĸˣϵ̥ҲǺǰǸһޣôܲǣ
˵˲ǣིĶӣҲǰǸˣְǸУ𣿡
һþȫ۾ΪʲôǶҪ
̰غտˮû˵һӣŷſһ˵űߡ
ãס˵ĻѾᡣȻ˵ǣ㣬ϵܱǸˡ
˵̰غŴ߳ȥһһҲҴңȥҲҴҡ
ΪʲôҪңΪʲôҪңһ̲סˣڵϺ
֪ϹҲûа취̰غ˵ࡣ̰غ˵ѾˣԼѡ˵ѡ
֪˶ãһվŹϣҲԼĹһ




ڶʮ  ȥ
 

һһչϡҪԼæҪԼϷ顣
ѩҲ֪ôˣʱ䶼Ǳֺ˵˰ɣһҲ֪Ҳ֪Ѿûоȥ˽ô߰˰˵ˡ
һεչƣһѡװ һֱԼΡһε⣬ҲǸһɡܵòý·󶼻һ𴩡
չʱԽԽһƷҲԽԽڼ䣬ֺҲȥΣͦģֻǡ
һҸ˵¡һ׵һŲᡣûзһҲڿĺԶȻǺԣֺǸоˡ
ܣ͵ûɡֻúùúðླྀˣҾͲˡٱҵĻһְ
һ΢΢һЦƽ˵һƽ¡ֺ֪˵ʱж档
Ҳ㣬ǣһ𣿡ԾɲġôһһԼϲˣڡ
˵ɡһҡҡͷҪʲô᣿ⱲϲҲֻг̰غһ̰غѩģԲ
ǵȵһ죬̰غպѩĻԼڣȵ̰غϲҲϲ̰غյĻǸʱӦûһɣ
һԳĵͷЦЦôأ±Ӱɡ
ãһѣԺ㲻ٽˣ𣿡
ֺЩɬЦЦ΢úһְԼһ
ڹ˾һܡǳʲô۶ӡ
ãһΪֺЩοһӾͰ
ûбĻҪʼˡչᣬϣһ˳
һƷʱͶ̫ľһս䡣
ãͣƷĻʱչչ
չ᣿ʲô
ջعڹںܶ͵Ĺ˾չᡣΪд轻ԴҾһٰһչᡣչǹ˾㻹һȥμչᡣʱͿĸ߼ʦˡ
չȻʲôٷչᣬЩ˾кֻҪչгɫı֣ʦҲõЩ˾Ͽɡ
һᾡģлл㡣ֺĽ͡һ촽ṴһŹôõĻᡣ
ãҵĺϢֺͣůĳЦЦϣһܹչʤ
չԼ̫ŵʢ磬һ˶ۼ̫ܲΪľǿ̫ڲ½ʦ˭
һεչȡķʽչչƷûд֡кܶרҵʿͨԱǻеƱͶϲƷǰ
֮רҵŽϴѡõһƷ
ţ³еĿֵݸһһֺǺǵ
ţô˵أðɡ
ҲǷǳţƣܽܽܡ
̬ãҵһβμչʱҿɽˡǸʱ򻹲ķʽҾվҵƷǰűͶƱ˲ͶҵĻҾͻỳԼ
³Ц쵽ҲͨԼŬͲŻʵԾѩڹ˾ʲôȷѪˣᲨ
ˣһ֣󣬵Ǹ˸оء
ʱҲұҵģ塭ɡ
³һ£ͦϲģҪϲֺƳ쵼ֺƳ㹻ء
㲻ǻһң
ţ³ЦĿʲô˼
ǣҵ˼˵ҿܶ˶᲻ͣػȻһҵһ꣬ͺ֣Ҳ
ڵôܻôȶͬһطأ³ӣ֪Ĳ
ʵΪǰȥʵϰǼҹ˾ϰҵʲô壿ңǲϲƷֱpass
³򿪿֣һڣ˵
ҵҽ˵һ֮Ǹʱܻܣǰ칫ҵϴÿһƷƷĸУȻžôġ
һͷȷʵֺôᡣ
ѹ֣ԭǳܵѽ
ѽ㲻Ҫ˵ôǳϲҵϰ塣³ЦǱС֣Ŀɰ




ڶʮ  
 

³һͻȻס³תͷ۾ɻ
ô
û£ͻȻʶҹ˾ĵ顣ûʲôѣ˳³ֺ˺񶼲ô
ٺ٣ʶҲܿİһ˸˵㳤úܺÿ𣿷ŮǳÿŮӡ
³һʼͺһҲΪһ̫ÿˡ
㲻ΪҵƷ۷Ϊҵֵһü֪ԼúÿҲΪ˾Щ˲Ϊǿֶζλİɣ
ȻʦĶ׷ģҶ͡ģֻͶѣûзǷ֮Ŷ³գգ۾벻ƽôʵһˣ˽ԭôɰһ档
ţ⣬Ҳϲ˧硣һЦ뵱ҲΪ̰غճ̫ÿ۷ġ
˵˧磬ҿܺͦϲġֺ˧ҲϲûκιԵ˧رᣬرѵá
㲻ҪҺЦˣһúΡֻǰһѣ˾ֺζܣͳ̰غյĹϵǵĹϵ֡
չԽԽ࣬ģڽĺһͳ³ȴ̸·ǰϵûС
㲻ҵĹȥ𣿱˵Ϊʲôһӡڼ˺ֱܶ࣬ڲȥģֻˣһֺһǳ
ÿһ˶ÿһ˵ĹȥҪദʱΣѵʱȥȥھ˵Ĺȥ
³̯֣ΪʲôҪʱ˵ĹȥԼҲҲвñ֪顣
лл㡣һЩж³Ҳů
㲻ҪȥһƷ˵רҵʿϱ߸Сֽء³Ц¶СС
𣿡һ۾ֲ
ȻһǼڲеʦμչᡣˣһЩҵڱȽģȽʵʦǻÿһƷӦĵȻΪʲôÿ˶õĻҲǵһõչǷӦôԭ
ȥһԼƷǱȥ
غգҵƷϲ𣿡ûߵԼչһ߾ʹһЦ
һŲ˶٣ǰߣװûӡԭѩչô֪ѩʲôˡ
Ƶģ̰غĮһϤ
˵ʱ۾ȴǺһӰŮˣ̣Ҳܻװ
ѽѽǻɴϲҪϲĻԺǽʱҾʹɴòã
ѩ͵ĵͷΪһɴƣɷ˲ٵĹҲΪˣѳ̰غʾԼ˼
µѾʲô̰غյδˡӣ˳ӡ
ǻǰûôļԴӺһֳֺ̰غԽԽԾȥ̰غյδҲˡ
ϲʲôʹʲôòصظԺܲߵһ𣬻һ£ڶǷ곡ϷһжǶ
غգ㶼һҵ𣿡ѩ۾˵飬Ϊʲôһĵӣ
̰غնźһıӰѩŭһӵ˼¡ǺһôǶǸ꾫
غգغգѩų̰غյֽ˽һż
𣿡̰غղĻعǸĮģ
ɴһ˺ôĹȥƵģûʲô뷨ҵһºòãѩͷͼܻע⡣
Ҳʦȥ˰ɡ˵̰غշſѩ֣Ⱥȥ
غաѩҧҧ촽ôˣô
ĺһͷֻǳ̰غյıӰ̾һרĿԼչϵСֽ
ƷůӴǺ΢巣һͷ֪΢˭Ҳû˸˵
һѩһһת
ûǵɣûкͳ̰غ˽¼棬ֺ־롣
Ǹ꾫֣òĳ̰غôͻȻͷߣղӳ̰غյ۾￴ԺһĲһԲῴ̫˽̰غˡ
С㣬Һûмҽ̣һЦذɣ




ڶʮ  ȥ
 

ô죿㲻һֱڹδǲҪӻعһһֱھ̰غô뿿λɣ
ѩѾŭ㣬ﻹǲչأִС㣬ʲôֺճǸ粻ճĸĸҲճһ޼ɵЩ
ΧѾвٱѩԱι۵ʦǡһһΧЦܲе⣿
ôˣôˣԶԶ߲Ծĳ³ܹòֳʲô°ɣ
³߿ûйϵѩһ۳³ȵ
С㣬Ҫһ鷳һһʲô³ô࣬ѩʲôʲô
һ˭֪ѩȴͻȻǰץסһ֣С
һҲһһ
һˣ֮ǰҶԲƽϡô࣬Ҹ綼ôϲˡͲҪغˣвУ
ѩ˵ʱſǻ˸Ŀ
һʺţʲôѩôԱǶûݵôá
ţȻСܣ
ǰǰڲô˵Ĵڣ
ܺСһԣ˼лԼġⲻǵڲ˼ҵĻ𣿡
С˼ҲϲŮˣȻ˳úÿáҪҳúÿҲҪһʲôøӵһˣ
ȷʵرÿƷô˶ġ
ƷôⲻӦóչϣӦóǼڲ
һԱߵ˽ͷһѩڳԼòźۼĵЦЦ
һˣòãҲرͻΪϲ㣬չˣڻôֻҪ㲻غգʲôӦ㡣
ѩĻһΧһô˶ҪõչΪ˵õÿ˶ŬԼƲŻɵͷȻȲһźÿ
̫ˣǲƽ
ǰôôǱŮǲ֪㣡
ִС㣬ֻ۾ҹˣһŭЦ:ԼȥûйϵУԼزס˾ˡҲҪñ˼ͷϿۣϡ˵ʲôǣ
һҲҪ˶ѩ˵ˡֻѩ˵ҲֻѩϷҲᡣ
ִС鷳Ϊʲô˵ҺͳвĹϵܱǸʧˣҸʲôϵûСܣĸ磬ֻҵ˾ҵͨѡҲ֪ʲôԭִС˼ô࣡ôٹһΣ
һɫѿмͱҲͱԸͱ˷ִ
ѩǲưոݡ
ң˰غյĳѩҧ촽޹Ĵ۾Ķ˽͵
һǰˣҸ͹ˡһ֮ǰ˵£ѩһءҪһʲôĪ
ʲôˣɧֺ߹
ãСǴ˵ҹδСб֢۾̫õĻĴȥҽԺһ£Ҫտƾĸ˿ñӣ
óһѾ˼ޣȻȺǰôŭѩӡ
ѩô£չᣬôҪĳȡ֣ǻƣ
磬֪ϲ㲻ƫ̻й̰غգΪʲô׼˵
ѩͷ̧ͷʱ棬òί
˵˵ôˣһü˵˵ȥǼ֣һ֤ݰ
ˣʱΧ۵Ⱥ׷ÿһ̰غ̤صĲӣһ֮
غաѩų̰غգĸˡ
̰غգһʲôϵ𣿡ֺڣá
ûС̰غһۺһôȥĶ⣿
鷳ܺδޣҿɵ𡣡һЦ˶ŷӸ鷳ַ
úÿŮȷʵܹˡ̰غղĿڣϸĴһǵһοŭίһƹˤζ
һ㲻Ҫغգ̰غյĻѩץסᣬץźһֿ




ڶʮ  μ΢
 

㵱ʲô˵𣿡̰غЦǸŮˣҲ֪үүΪʲôҪȢ
ȻˣҪ˵ֻᡣ
С㣬ȻܺһеֹϵԷſһ˰ɣ
³ȥһһЩ:Ȼᣬ⿪˾ͺãС㣬һλǲҪȽϺáֳϣ׵˾˵˼ҹδŮȷʵûƷûƷֻ
ҴѩǸѩ̫ˣԿһЩ㲻Ҫ⡣ֺһƣǰѩõһ
˾Լ˵ԲɡһߣΪÿһζô˵
Σǳһź꾫
ֵúܣˣȻԾҪһϷͻȻչﴫһˬʵЦ˿ȥǸĵŮҲͶʮ߰ꡣ
΢巽㣡ѩͷʧг
ѩ˾͵Ǹɣ׶԰֪ĵҲŶǸŮ߹Цѩͷ
΢巽㣬ҵĴѩָ֣źһ
ƭ˱ˣƭԼѩôСһԹţ㻹˼ҳñÿô֮˽֮˾ϲúÿġҲûʲôܲ˼һݰɣ
΢已ͬĽüͷҿһʼһֱߣԭֻ֪չƷ˭Ƶģû뵽ȴһϷ
ģǶƭˡһй̰غգΪʲôе˶
һ˼ҳ̰غΪʲôϲɣѩҿûô˼ӡķϣҲŸ˵Щѧųɣˡ
΢°ͣѩ˭Ϊ΢ǰģ
ҡ
Ҷɢ˰ɡ΢ûиᣬתͷΧ۵˵
Щ˶֪΢巵ݣ΢巶ˣȻš
ѩȥûҵ㲻˾ֺɫÿ£Ȼ֪ѩôĵӣȻչô֡
磬ҡ
壬СȥǼҵ˾ֺĻ
µѩʵǲߣҲܲˡ
غաѩ޺۾̰غգôһ仰˵ô˵ǰ
ֻҸ㡣̰غնһ仰ת뿪᳡Ҳûٿһһۡ
չᰲ·ղŵ־綼ûзһҶæԵ飬һƬڵĹ⾰
һֺǰĲԣܵ˺ˡ
ܣû£ȥæˡһô˫۾ɲҺֺйĽӴ
áֺͷˡԽ뿿һһ鷳Խ
ȵֺ֮󣬺һһ콵ô㶼㲻ס
չƷƵģ΢巴˼ۺһչƷ
⡭չйأҲ˵ĸչƷƵġһЩΪѣȷʵƵĲڻϵʱ
ɵһûйϵġܣôпչ³һͷЦſ΢巡
칫˾ûʲô¶־͹û뵽ֵͦġ΢Цû뵽һϷ
ЦˡһҲڻ᳡֣ѩ֣û취㡣
û¶û¶Ժ㿴ѩǸˣԶǡ˿ɲ򵥣һ޺ӣĻء
֪ѩϳԵĿġʱûǹѩѩȴͦϲġ
𣿡΢巵ͷع⡣
ǣҵơ
ʲô֣
һ
Ǻ΢巣ǳŵCEO΢֣һһ£Ҳ֡
ͦϲƵģôûȤǳԣ³Ǽķμţ֪ƷƣǺܶʦĵط
ǣǳһЩסˣǳźڵĹ˾˵ǲŵڶһǳ̰غյļš
ǣڷװ棬ǳǳʦǺպʦ
ң˵ǳһʦг⣬öǻǮ˶ȥæƳر˾ޡ
ֻǣƢܴ˵һֻ˽˵ӡ
ŵ˰ɣƷ¶ȣҺϲ΢巹ЦһCEOļӶûС
ҵʣ񲻹ǳû۵Ĵ㡣




ڶʮ  żܾ
 

㲻żžܾңֻҪҶҪ㡣΢Цóֻͺһ˺ѣ˵绰롣
ʲôʱ˶ҡ΢Цʱϣúһһʱ޷ܾĺ⡣
Ϊʲôҵƺܺ𣿡һԥһ¿ʵʵûԼжá
ڵȷʵرãҿԸ㣬ƿߵúܳԶȱǾĥңһΪһʦ
΢已ϣһֱҿʦôҪôЩʦԼϰߣγԼķҪô̫Сû
һģǵһμһĹףƷȴ¶ůһԡ
⣿񳿹ʦһ۾붼롣
ܹ񳿹ĻⱲ÷ˡ
ô㲻𣿡΢ü˵ƭˡ
ǣǾҿܻʧɣͺñһĬĬŵģɼƽƽѧͻȻ˸ܹ廪һ𾪡
ᣬ˵Ļ˵ģ˵츳һ츳Լ³͵ĳһͷź΢巡
³㡭Ϊʲôôź΢巣Ӧ˵Ϊʲôôͳһ
ҵһβμչᣬҵҲǳ⡣³Ц΢巵۾⡣
˵ʲô
˵ҿԳΪʦǲ̫ͣ츳ʹȻɡ³ʼ磬ȷʵʦҪΪһʦǺѶȵġ
ǳⲢûеҵƷһͷ˽ˣֻЩʦƷȤŻµ˺΢⣬û˸µˡ
ΪѾµˣ˾Ͳٸµ³Цļο
ʲʲôʱ£ô֪µˣ
Ӧ֪һݣһãǳ⡣
΢֣һӸӾ΢巾ǳ⣿ôܣ˵ǳѸʦ𣬾ǵCEoûа취
⣿һ׶·ˣ΢ôǳأⲻʦôϯִйˣ
ֻҵĸ˰ãǳӦҲİСʹһˣ⹫ǳŸ裬ҪǳŸҡǳšҪǳţûôʱʦ
ԣΪһûʲôӵģһˡֲóôƣǳŻôϲ
ԣÿ˽˵ӣľµһϵвƷơôⶼôġ
Ҹʱ俼ǣֻҪҾΪһʦ
˵꣬΢巿˿ܣֿڵ:ˣһб飬ҾҪˡ㻹ʲôʱϵ
ǽڵˣ֪һֺ֪˻ô
ãлл㣡һмسЦЦź΢巻Ĺ˰ɡ
ܿ죬չĽˣܶ˶ڴţѩκ˸ϣԼܹչʤʤͿȥ̰غյĹ˾
İɣ˵һԵġ³վںһߣʹ
һеССĽšһ˼ЦϾμչôࡣ
ţģҾƷܺá˵ˣ㲻ʤҲûʲôϾһβμչ˺ܶ඼ǰ
³ͷװĸܺãҲ⣬ͨĶֻ˶װ
һƵװһƣ³ܿá
ţϲһЦ:ȻкҲһףһһ𴩡
ð˵ģɱ𷴻ڡ³ͷϲơ
ڣҾѩҲͦġ׻ɴʱҲйһϣܴ޸ĳ嶯
³ҡҡͷǺͬһĻ
էһۿȥͦûзķҵûζʱеԪأŽȥˣʵǴɡ
³һѩƷŮӿɴȻúܺãΪʦֻ˵йоأ㲻úƷ
ҵʲôɣһ̫ڹƵƷǱȽģô˼ڹ⣬Ƶ
ǻɴҪ߼СܰʱеԪغͻɴĵںǷŽԪؾͻɴĸ߼С




ʮ  ʤһ
 

һôһ˵ϸϸһѩƷȷʵ벻³۾ôľͰѩƵĲָ
õǵеԪزƣէһȥûʲôϸ֮ºе񡭡šϵСȹӡȷʵ̫и߼С
ඣڻϴøϵСɴȹһϲ𣿡³̯֣ѩܵõһĻǾкĻġ
ȹϱߵеǿĸ߼СǼɴȹȫ꣬ȥҲɡ
ǡ̽ƬһȻ̽ƬģȥҲ󿴵óǵ
˵㲻õġһεƷıѩĻҪúܶࡣѩ츳ûôߣĿԿĳܿרҵϢϢǺֺá
һЦЦû˵ǵȽɣûгһжǶ
ڽͳƣһ¸ƷƱڵһģǵ18չƷʦƷ
̨ϣѾʼһ̧ͷȥɣ֪ˣ˵Ƿֹ˾ĽɫܲģΪܹҽһ㣬ѡڷֹ˾
ڶǡҲһ˻˭أ˵˵һǵڼչ̨Ʒ
˿ϵʱҲһ£Ǽţǵһμˡ
źţ
źţ
ʮһţ
ţ
źţ
ܶ˶ڽžźţһҲסˣźƷƷô˻ӭ
ûҶܴǾźšźƷƵرѽҺζȥůǾźƷʦλأԼ̨òãźƷʦ
Ц׼ȷѰһλãĵ˵ͷʾ
Ÿȥѽ³һֱۣ
𣿡һľڶȻ˵ڶ
ԣû㣬źţȥɡ³˵ţһһеǰߣ˿ʱ򣬲һ
о̾Ҳвм̾Էֹ˾ˣмȻǸһЩˡ
õģһǺһʦ˿һĲԾǰǣ̨ſʱ֡
ǵĻأǵƷʦѩС㡣˶һ£˵
ѩüŵô£粻ǴӦһѡ
ΪʲôƷţƷôôҲõ
ˣ˵ˡ̫Ŷҵģõһû⡣
̨ʱѩ̨ߵ˽ŭ
ƵĶôôˣ֪ܲĵɴϵһأ
õģǵܸλ佱˵ţ̨ϵֺֺվ佱
һβμչ˲³ָ߼ʦΪǸòμڲչᣬͿȥչᡣ
ڲչᣬֻǸ˹˾»ûõչʦһᡣ
һĺܺáֺе֤Ե˵
ллܡһͷҲ񲻵õڶĺóɼ
ͣõǰ˵߱вμչʸˡ
ߵѩǰʱѩŭĶֺӦԼһԼʧģ
ÿһڲչֻԶ˴̫Ųμչᣬڵⲻǹ
Ϊʲôҵףãô¶źһ
ˣҲʲôϡֺ˵꣬ǿнתߡ
õģôλʦú׼ºչӴ͡
˿һУůһӵʱЩԡΪʲôԼ
ֱչһ߳չ׼ؼҵʱ֪ԭ
һղ׷Ϻһס
ãʶ𣿡һۣǰŮ˺ʣҺܶׯӦòͨŮˡ
ãҽ֣΢Ц
е죬벻Ķˡ
ˮǺҵƷٴοڣ˵Ӧ֪Լ˭˰ɡ
ˮǺӡˮǺӣ¹ʼˮǺӵһ۾⼸ʲôˣҵĴг⣬һĴ˵
һеü䣬Ƥĳգգ۾




ʮһæ
 

˵Цˣô˭᲻֪¹ɵһˡ
ν˹ڲĻϼϴͳϽɫûͻôŨءȴֱȴͳˮī档
ҿɲʲôʼζԼ˽ʱԽԽ٣㺢ɷʱҲǱȽ١
Ϊʲô
ΪҿҪġЦʵ:ͲΪʲôҪס𣿡
棬Ȼˡ
ģ֮ҪμһᣬɷŮһμӡһװ
ڻ᳡ϣʱ֪źƷ˭һʱͻȻΪʲôźƷôץסġ
Ϊһ˸оô¶ȵˡ
ԣʲôʱҪһ۾ǶĿ϶
º󡣡˵ţͷӰһпݸһ
ˣҸĶ𡣡̫ϲһƷˣңǵһο˰װ뵽档
ãƳˣúʵʱٸҾͺáһһпܹԼѾܿˣʲôأ
ĲҪʦȸ
áһᶨĵͷ
ãҵƬʲôʱϵҡԼƬݸҺһůĳЦЦ
֮󣬺һ˿ڣĸЩر
ϳͻȻһɫĸ߼γͣߣҡ³һ̰غյĿ
ʲôû˵ѩĸ䶢ء
һԼϳڶ³һߡ̰غյݾܾصչߵ
ʲô˵ɡ
һ
㵽ʲô飿

񾭲˵꣬һӴǰߡ
̰غüȥıӰĸǰߣ
̰غ³첽׷ȥΪͿ԰ѵǲ̫Сˣ
һ̰غոԼĺߣŲɵüӿվǰ档һһͲˣ̰غջһȥ
˭֪һϹ󣬳̰غվȻһ˹
λͶңˢҲС˾æס󲽸źһߵĳ̰غգûͶأʲô
ͶңûдͶʲôңˢʲôп
̰غЩͷĳһпڸӦ̸Ӧ
ˢ񿨲п˾ҲЩͷⶼʲôţһźڿ԰ʲôأǮͲҪ˷ѹԴ
Ѻߵ˶ŶûǮİŶӵŵЩˣʼͷ
ҪǮ̰غüǮ
飬ǵģûʵڲֻ֧Ҳ԰ܲ˴
һסˡλվǰȥˢһ¿
Ұˡ˵꣬ͷһ۳̰غգʶȤĸ߽λ
㵽ʲô£˵ɡҪǵȫ˵Ĳ⣬ŲǮء
ֺߵ̫ܲر
ͳûκεĹϵʲôЦڶѾֺԶˡ
ûв鵽ǰǸ˾˭ʱ˵һͲԸһ𡣡
ǣƾʲôҲڲ׼ͱ˽ӴҲʲô
ƾѩδ򣬾ƾѩϲ㡣Ȼϲ㣬ҾԲɩɩ
̰غյ˳
ԭΪδޱƽġܺδ޾ˣҲҪġ
һͷݺݵһ£Ϊôһ˿˿Լԭѩĸܡ
ҵδʲôʲôԼΪֺһͿԷɻڴּҲһ̶ˮֻѼ̶ˮﲻһܻȥ
ںһ䳰ȷ̰غռЦĻط
ҵվˡһȥŹŴ򿪣³
̰غҲʲô̬ȣΪֺһ
ٸңҾͱˡһɫѿڿЦ
ʲôʱˣţṵַ̂غһץ֡
֣в˵ʲô
ҪҲУԺֺԶһ㡣ϲϲֺһ
֣ͻȻһ




ʮƿ
 

һôһУΧ۹ڰʱôƯһŮˣ˵ôץţһʲôˣ
ôã㵽ʲôҲʶ㣬ſңһΧ֪ԼļıóѣȻ̰غղϺú÷ſǾͲܹˡ
ιһץ˼СŮ
Ǿǣ㳤ôÿҲֱ̬
СӣϽſȻǾͱˡ
֪֪㲻ܿ˼ҹƯ˼ҡ
ǣſ
ǰǰϽſ
ȻҾͱˡ
£ǶأҶô
ǿһһŮôЩ˷׷׿ڳ̰غա
̰غտһۺһСܺá֪ڴϸôһ
УҪҷſҲԣȰǮҡϷ˭᣿
ʲôǮһҲˣͷԵģôȥ
ҽ100ѵ㻹𣿡̰غüϷģݵ׿
˵100㺢ӵģһ˴ĺӲףֵŴҲˣҾ͵ÿۣ㵱ʱ˵100ǸβģôҪһȥأ
һ̷ӦðҪϷǾݵף
ţСһȰӱϾģ˿ɲôûġ
ǰǰ㳤ôÿÿ϶ȥ㲻ܰ˼̣ˣƨɾߡ
һѽݰûµġ
㡭̰غü벻һôһ棬üɫӣֹƽ˶ٱ
Ǯһ㣬ġΪҵֶҹҲỹ㡣ԺûõĺӸһëǮϵûУٷˡ
ʱһ˵ڳų̰غղעͷҲصˡ
̰غ׷ȥȴĵȺڸΧסһһĽѵ
Ŷˣôûģ˵ʲôôÿһ˲ŵģĿɲô
̰غЩͣЩ˶֮£ֻô年һ绰Լ
ǣǲҪ˼ҹˡҲԶ˼ҽϾɱ
СӣҪⱨӦģ֪֪
ʱ򣬳̰غվͱһȺүΧסһһĽѵ
⣬ʲôͻذΧ߽ȥ𾪡
ãѰɣúúȰȰѣ˲ôûġ
ʲôʲô˲ôûģ
߰ɡ̰غճûģź幣ǰߣү˦
Ⱥүȴ׷Źָָͣ㣬һҡͷ
ǣ˵ʲôôǵ˼˳幱Цղ̫Цˡ
˵ϽһðԭСˣͦ͵
裬Ϊʲôôģ۾µĴһ
Һܿ𣿡һ֣Լ
Уҿˡེܿ϶ĵͷ
һһ£Ϊó̰غճԱˣһ뵽Ⱥү轫̰غΧסӾ;øĺЦ
ΪƷõϿɡһһ£ܸܲལѳ̰غԺܿİɡ
𣿡ཱུ۾ðˡ
ѽҪ׼չƷˣʱཱུСģغòѽ
һཱུСԴȻչҪģصġڹ˾չƷԭлϣڽнһơ
ãġͣ཰㣡˵ţżһºһա
һôһףֿĻҲСȥ˯
ȫ̵ĺЦɳϡָų̰غա
̰غհ̰غգ벻ҲôǱʱ򡣡һǸôǵһο̰غôǱ
Ц𣿡̰غ䣬˵ȡЦģú֪ǺһжѶԸ
ȿȡֹסЦǿ:Цһ㶼Ц
ϴȥʲô𣿡
ʲôû֣Ҿ;ཻͦġ㲻Ҫ½ۣǺúõһ£һĶء
֮ûôѩҪѩСô޸̰غգ˵ĻŶȻͽ˼֡
ǣּҵĻԼһ鷳
˵ĺӡү֪ˣĻʲôּҵĻԼ




ʮ  Ӽ
 

һ׿˵ˣིҵĺӡ̰غձ۾Щۣǰòеͷôô鷳أ
˵ǾͲͣתͷ濴
غ˵Ǻһó̰غ֪ĺ𣿡
Ϊʲôã
ޣľ˼ҺһѺôҪ֪ܰ𣿡
ЩĵĿų̰غգ̰غȷʵĲߡ
ҵĺӣҾԲߡĶȻҪõĽôߵ룿
ඣһཿҪུߣǾҪܳ˵ˣںѩлԼһ100ɲĶӡ
̯֣Ѿѻ˵ˡڳ̰غܲ⣬ͿԼˡ
˼ǡ
㱳źһ͵͵ĸӼɡõİ취
Ӽûһ˵ིĶӵʱˡ
ҵġ
ҿǿǡ̰غձ۾Ҫ͵͵ӼҪźһǾҪȥ԰ʦſԡ
̩ܲĴ¥Ŀ棬ŽλϣŴ¥Ĵš
֪˶ãſѩӰѩ߽ȥĶ棬ŵֽ˲Լ֡
С㣬ҵĹ𣿡ʱһֱڼûйļ١
ţˡǰʱæչơûʲôգҲûü㡣Ž㣬ȥϹֻƲ칫ҵĸ
ѩͷ̰غȻϲǰŸԸģǰҵӰɡ
ܺˣллС㡣ŽжļҪԼңԽִ˾ϾǱ̫Ŵ˵ģɡ
ûϵŽ㣬һҪлл⼸̫ŵĸءѩһƽģס֡
ллС㡣Žٴοڸл:Ŷˡ˸˵һ£ȥ׶԰Ҽұʱ򡣿ˣ֪ʦ˵ʲôȻʦռǵķʦ
ͷѩɻ󣬳̰غȥ׶԰Ҫռӵͷʲô
Ҳ֪С㣬֪һĺҲǼ԰顣
Ϊ֮ǰֺཻкһһƬŽԶеӡ
˼˵һĺǼ׶԰飿
ԣһȥӺӣԴˣӶ׶԰࣬ҼҺѧǰ࣬ǰ¥ϡ
ҲˣŻһȥཱུġ
Žܰ𣿡ѩɫѿ̰غҪʲôѾ֪ˡ
С˵
ͷʱ취ѺһӵͷҺӵġ̰غҪӼѩԲ֪ĺӡ֪ĺӣ൱ڸ̰߳غպһǵǸˡ
ôòһһߵڣԳ̰غδ޵վߣֻһˡͿ̰غ˳ӣԸһһƻͳ̰غ֮ĻԼ
ǡ֪ͷʲô̫ðɡ
ԥʲôѵæ㶼ϰʦ˵ʲô϶ʲôҪĴ£˵걾ġ
ѩƲסԼŭ֮߰ÿ˹ҲôδŽЩ
ãҾû취ѩ˹ܵûر˼ңһҲѩɳġ
ղҼˣܱǸŽôһ˫ѩƽ
ûϵɹˣٸ绰ӦҲ£Һ׶԰ѧǰ඼Ǹ԰ģŽʦͻһƬ
ãллŽ㡣һһֻҪѩڣⱲһͳ̰غճʲôϵ
ʦŽһ׻Ʒ߽׶԰ʦİ칫ҡ
ϣŽ㣬ôˣҺӲѾѧǰѾˡ
ģ׶԰ŵù㡣ŽʦʶܳʱˣŮ׶԰ʼһֱڣˡ
ʲôѽʦӣԼȥˮ
һٸ˵ɣףǰຢͷŽǰĺطʮӣǺǵͷ
ǰʦһݲһ߻شûлͷ
Žץס̽Լõͷཱུͷ
ʦռǵͷʲô




ʮ  Ķ
 

ҲûʲôͻȻռһ¶ѡʦһ£Ժ˵˵ȥ
Ȳ衣ʦݺõĲݸԼҲ
ҵʲô°ֱ˵
ҲûʲôҾ㣬ļСѧȽϺãⲻҼ椶Ҫһ꼶ˣѧУҶûҺá
˵ȽϺõСѧǿ϶СѧҪܶѲſͽȥʦش𣬶Լҳ㡣
ŽһֱʵĶǹСѧ⡣ʦΪΪСѧġ
ཱུͷѾͷҼ椵ͷˡŽӰ﷭ǸСӣݸѩ
ãллŽ㣬ˡѩһСͷЦ
ڳ̰غսԼDNAཱུDNAȥʱѩҲཱུͷͳ̰غյͷȥġ
ԭҪཱུͷģ룬Ҳȷеཱུ֪ǲǳ̰غյĶӣźһĻȻǰǸôôɣһξͻˣ
ԣҪԼȥ֤ǲǳ̰غյĶӣ̰غն֪
һཱུĻĲҵĶӡҪõʱ򣬳̰غյͻȻЩ
Ҳ֪Լڽʲô֪ԼϣĶӣϣǡ
Ҿǡ幻ǼᶨԼཱུٺͳ̰غСʱĺ
ཱུͱȽ裬촽ҲһΪ˲һۿͳ̰غж
˫۾ں广·ǻصСʱ򣬿Сʱĳ̰غա
㣬ǵĻ
ǾDNA˵ˣ幾;ǣһǳ̰غյĶӣԴˣ˵ĻҪôҪôôͷˣ
DNAôܻᱻ˵Խȥ£˭Ҹƻ
Ҳ˵㿴ôຢӵͷͬһһôҲпܵġ
干ǺΪɶҪȫӵͷռֱ཰һͺ
ѻ졣̰غһۣõĲ˵˵⡣
ģҸ˵ģҾ㻹ҪģѪҺ飬ȫ̿ŵ֣˵֡ѩѩ겻ɢģ˭֪Ҫ֪ʲôƻ
¡̰غտһۣ
ıˡ˵ţԱļ߳
ڵߡ
ֱӸҽͺá̰غһùȴûд򿪡
źͼDNAѪԵϵ
ԱҡҡͷʮǧûѪ׵ѪԵϵݶ˵ϡ
˵ʲôס:ôܣô񣡡
ɺأûѪԵϵһģһ˶ȥˣ񲢲ܴѪԵϵ
ԱҡҡͷǰλҪѰʧ˵ģһʧˣôҵĵ
غաЩĵĿ̰غգɫ촽һԲ
ţҰֳུѪһΡܣԲܣཱུ۾бӸ̰غСʱһģһҳ̰غԼҲ˵ܺһǰǸˣʱ߶Եϰ
ཱུǰǸʱֵģôܲǣ
ˡڣ̰غῪڣȴı䡣֣ıһۣ˺
ɡ˵̰꣬غת̤ǰߣͰʱֽֽͰ
һ飬ûѪԵϵ𣿡幻ǲš
DNAûдĻûйϵԱٴεͷ
˵Ĳӣˣ鷳ˡ˵꣬׷ų̰غܳȥ
ӣŮ𣿡ȾɫϿӦŮǣԱֹˣDNAûѪԵϵͶˡ
غȵҡ׷ȥ̰غڹֿµģǲϲһôིӣô
ǲǺڴĶӣ幼ֱֱǰߣһԲͻȻʵ
̰غսŲһӶסͣòῪڡ
ûС
ƨΪƭңСһ𳤴ʲô֪ܲ𣿡幺ĲǵĻô֪Ժô
һǾãֱӰҹˡȷdnaཱ˵ġ
׶԰Щ˲ƭҡ̰غῪڣǸ׶԰Ѿչˡ
һռʱռأ֮ʧأ




ʮ  Ͻ
 

µˣ˵ˡ̰غձ˱۾ˣٶ˵
幻˵ʲôҲٶ˵
㡭Ҫȥģ˭֪幵Ļ̰غյֻ
үүúʱ绰ʲô
үүҪ㡣Ǳ߲ϵ๡
ʲôڲ˵𣿡ȥǲʲô
ˣҵ㣬㲻ҲԷ˵үүҵ绰̰غշĻᡣ
˵绰үүתͷɵߵѩɽļ
ίˣһðغվ飬ϹͷҲˡ
ⶼ붩ȥˣѩ̰غҲʱˣűء
үү㲻ǽ飬ѩҲҪһ񡣱Ͼ˼Ůүү˵òã
ѩųүүֱЦ
СѾͷƬӣүүôҲǿ㳤ģҲҰŮŮҪˣǶǽһίġ
ȷʵ֮ǰСӸѩ飬ҲֻǷųϢûһûжЩ˿ܾûа·ϡ
үүһغջɲ˵ǸŮӵ£ȻҪҸ˵ġѩүүĻЦ۾гһߣֺǺǵ
ôүү˵ˣϱֻһҶϡЩŮһҪţûмҽ̣
ҲҶûȷأ˵ˣһǸŮȥغյءѩ죬ɲ̰غ֪ͳүү˵˺һ顣
˵ǸŮӽкһүүͻȻʵôṵ̂غ
ǰɣ˵˼Ҳ˾˵ġѩٴ֪һ顣
Ƣ̫ˣô̵ˣж㲻ңԽԽ޷ˣҶ֪ѩлԼôȥģմǲݣ
غҲΪǸŮƭѩΪȻһĻų̰غգıһ
ƢүүƢɲãһүүѵôϲѩҲ̫֣˼Сɱǰˣ޶ԣ
һߣ֪ĳ̰غոϵүүԺ֮һֱլʱ䵹ûнȥҲżȥ
ͻȻ˵мòֲ˰ɣ
ˡſڿ̰غյĳӵı̺к
ţүүأôǲַˣ
үͦõģߣȥɽϴ̫壬ɽȪˮӲ˲١ֺǺǵ˵˶˵̰غղ飬үүȷʵТ˳
үүôãһΪʲôүү֪˾æ򲻵һ㲻̻ؼҡ
ΪС˰ɡ
С㣿ѩѩ֣̰غƺǺܿġ
ѩСҲûλСˡЦҲֻλѩСôүӵġ
걣Ļó̰غֽԿӸȥͣԼǿ첽߽լıɫɲǺܿġ
Ҳͦģ¶ԼǱҡҡͷ̾ʵȥͣ
үӣˡܼ歿ĵ߽ŵľǳ̰غա
ߣ֪ү:ҿûѡô£
үӣͱӲˡʱҲšЦڳ̼ܼҺöˣ˵ϻ
˭Ҫѵ
˵ţүүתͷվıֱˡ߿һۣ˹ɳϡ
¶𼱻ǵĸ绰ǽԷô򵥰ɣ
ûѩ𣿲øδ޴күүŹõذ壬˵ڱĲ⡣
ʲô¶̰غձ۾ûôġ
㣬ʲôʱѩж񡣡үүǸβӣֱӽ⡣
񣿡̰غ۾ĿתƵѩϣһ
㿴ѩʲôģҽΪ£жЩ˾ûѩͳ̰غյĻԼ£
ģ粻ᣬѩһᣬ浱ʲô֪
֮ѩþж񣬶ҾڡϹͷȥμӣΪҲ֪ϡ˵ϵ㶼û죡




ʮ  뺯
 

ⶩٰ죬ܶμӵʱ򡣳үүɣѩһԲߡ
үүûϵģҲû⡣ѩƽĳ˳үү·ֻҪǳ̰غյĺϷӣһ⡣
ûϵүйϵҿɲ˼˵ҳ̼СϱĶͽûС˵ųүүĹ˵µذ壬۾ų̰غա
һ׼жģ̰غտѩϬ۹ϴšүӵͻûйϵ
غնԲ𣬶ңҸүү˵ʱᵽѸѾ˶񡣡ѩЩҧҧ촽ӵĿų̰غա
ࡣ̰غЦʲôҪģ
ôҲһǲүүҪҸܹ𣿾ȻǼҸּлԼô
үүˣѩԽԽ޷ˣ
үүͲҪưغˡѩҪſǻ϶˵
һΣٲж񣿡үүһѩ⸱ģòһ
ʲôʱУҪӦүǲŹˡ
ˣ׼һֱСٶҲҪںǾں¡̰غ˿ڳүүЩЦݡ
ں󣿡ôż
ôڻ׼˵׼ʲôʱ˾ˣ׼ʲôĶύ߻˾ֲԶ֣ʲô
ѩ˵ںӺòãͳ̰غ˵꣬үүתͷѩ
үүġѩͷߵЦ
ãǾôˣں󣬴ڵɡүӷһǸӡ
غգǲǲжҪǲҿԡ
˵ķʲô벻룿ѩôˣ롣үӵۣ˭ҷ˭˵룿
㣬ҿ𣿡ֱүӽΪµĻԻƵ
ʲôƨѾӦѩĻԼˣô
ʲô̬ȣѩǼң㲻úд˼ҡѩҲûԷ԰ɣȥȥԸ
ǡѩµĿ̰غգĳغЩҿ
̰غû˵ʲôĬѩȥԷ̰غղ˵ѩŸ߸˵ĸȥ
غնԲҲ֪үүΪһͰл绰֮ǰȰģȰס
ѩΪ̰غԼһŬϴߵĳ̰غյĲһ߽͡
ȥүү˵񡣡̰غͣͷ
ҡ
ôȻǻ˵ôʲô˷飿̭䣿
غաѩס˳:ĲұĮ˺ܶ࣬ĲãңҸġ
Ǻǡ̰غЦû˵
֪ûкһôȻˣĺһˣغգ㲻ҪôĮ
ѩ޵滨ᣬһһʵģ˿òϧ
飬𣿡һ٣ٶ˼Һһ鷳֪
Ϊһ𣿿ҲδޣǰǸңƭôࡣ˵Ķӣô𣿡
ѩӣͼԼˮس̰غա
ʲôϵ
ǡ
֣ҪҸ㡣ϣ֪һ㣬Ҳϲ̫Ůˡ޿ģɥ
ãұ֤㡣ѩΪЦͬԼжˡ
ҿҵμǵĶ𣿡
㡣
˵̰꣬غү˵ҪȥģҪʲô˹ʲô£ү˵ֻϯȻүôϲ͹Թˣʲô
ѩıӰЦòáܺãȻһͳ̰غյĶôܲأ
һϵЩ֣ôһ
񣿡˭˭Ķ񣿴ӳľǳ̰غպѩ֡
ţǹСҲ̫˰ɣȻһҲˡ
Ǿǣ˵ڶƻأ
ƻʲôѽ˼ҿܵġ
˵ˣ㲻ҪŽ³𣿡
˶İ칫ңһߵ˽ȴԶ١




ʮ  뻢Ѩɵû
 

һǵ䳰ȷȻ˼ôǰӵˣȥ¡
һô·ĳ³һ𾪵Ŀźһϵˮôˣ
һӦʱ򣬷ԼȻ棬ؿҲ۶۵
³һ·˽ˣֽһ¥ߡ
˵ɣôˣﲻˡأǹ˾¥µ̲꣬ǹ˾ǸС˾ְԱ
ûʲôһᣬ͵ҡͷ
ҲˣҵĻԸҡ̫ˣϵдʲô
û¡һԳЦЦԼ֪ΪʲôͻȻ棬ʲôȥأ
ǡΪѩ£ѩҪͳ̰غվжѾˣʲôܡ
㡭ô֪ģ
Ҽལͳú˵Щðһһ䣬ǳĺӰɣʱ˾ֺкӵƬʱ˶˵ߵǸӿֺġһۿǸӺͳ̰غձȽһ㡣
ô֪ģ˭ģһķӦЩң̰غնûгϣ˭֪£ѩ϶˵Ϊ˵˶ûкô
ú񣬶ͳĻҲ֣Ҫһ͵ĻֻΪǵĺӡ
ѩôһһԾÿһζ˵һ̰غա
Ծû˸ֻҪϸһ룬Ҳֻͳ̰غյĺ˵Ž͵ͨΪʲôѩôһĴڡ
ţ¶ˡһῪڣûи߹κˣ³ǵһȻܹ⡣
㡭
⣬Һˡ֪飬鷳ұܡһͣø֪
ѩ֪𣿡³˼ѩ֪ԲԺһ
ԣҸ߹ǰҺǺѡ˵ҲͦЦģ˵˼ѩִСѹûء
ѩǹģԲȥུڵԭʲôóһϲ̰غյġ
ҪȥҲȥѩ˵Һͳ̰غղ岻ûʲôȥģһ
³鷳ұܣллˣ
ģҾԲ˵ȥһ̫ҪѣɣһҲôΨһ̸ģϵѡ
ϲС㣬˵ͳҪжˡŽ㽫Լ׼õݸѩһף
ллŽ㡣ҲΪһǺͰغղ岻ģЩģүүҲģԲŻжġ
ѩһܺߵݿЦҡҡͷŽ㿴һ
ʲô˼һߵܲһߺͳ岻
ŮôôƷ˶Χת
ˡ˭ûôأѩ̾һ:ھϣܹͳ̰غ˳˳ؽ顣
УһҪñ֪һ⸱Žߵӣͺһгѩôһ˵ԺһǷŭ̡
ô죿ŽҲǲ֪ôǵǸԴ˶ãʲô취
˵ѩװģĨᣬһĴŽ㡣
ȥĶ𣿡Ž۵سֽѩ˲ᣬһ
ȥİɣѾЭˣֻҪ̫ôУҸʾáѩһ߲ᣬһΪί˵
̫ˣƱۡС㣬а취Խ¶
Žһ£׼Ʋߡ
ʲô취ðغغغվͿԻصҵһһĶˡ
˵˵ţѩٴλµ
˺ˡС㣬ͲҪˣģڣһúһÿ
Ž˵ţ۾Ͳˣְ켣ô꣬Ѳɾƴһһ
Žʲô취𣿡ѩӣؿŽ㡣
У»ƻĶ񡣡ҪڶϽҴһĻǶٻӰ쵽
ûϵŽ㣬ֻҪܹðغջת⣬ҵ»ƻҲûϵҾǲðغձƭˣи磬ǶƭˡѩҡҡͷһϵĿŽ㣬ס֡
סѨɵûӡİɣС㡣һôҿһ




ʮ  ʲô
 

˵ֺһˣ֪һҪȥμˮͳ̰غյĶ
֮ǰѩͳ̰غջкһ˵ìܰΪ˲úһ̫ѿֺҵһ
ʱÿ˶аŮ飬ҲȱŮһɣǵĶʵҲһֱҵᡣ
ȻǾǣúһʱѿ
ðɡһЩԥĸ֪ôӦ
һԥֺüûм˵ʲôֻվںһԣֽɢϵĻʰá
ˣϵҰɡֺЦĻϸ÷ϡ
һᣬᵽ˲ľܾ
ллĺ⣬ǵʱ㡣
һͷһ½ĺ⣬ӦཱུĻϰ˾֮ǧ֮⡣
ǴӦˣֺ΢΢īԼǻ
һ̧ͷЦЦ
ǰѲܲϣҴӦ
ֺһ£ĺһټ
ҵҡʱ㡣
á
̸ֺ꣬Ҳһĵ߳İ칫ҡ
ڻ칫ҵ·ϣһЦģ
¥ݿڵʱһ¥ݿİȫָͨʾơ
ܣû°ɣ·ĳ³һ˵ֺ
˺ᣬôһǵһμ
ȿȡֺ̫Ȼ
û¶úù͡˵꣬˰˾Լİ칫ҡ
ôˣ³Եͷˣã̫ࡣ
ڵʱܿ͵ү˵ó̰غղȥ׼
ԭүҲֻ˵˵ĿΪӦٰ충˭֪ӻûȥ׼
˼˵ڶ֪Ҫʲô
үú޲ڻױѳ̰غһ١
˵ģҪҲκιڵ¡
үŵˣʱ˿бڻױɳϡ
۾żЦ񲢲ѳүӵĻ
㡭үܻĽڵϡ
ӴϲĹȣӻ˿ɾûˡ
̰غ˹ˮһˮ
ڵǸľɵĹȣ𴽽ǣƽ
վȼүӵС
͸ģҪúϧ
֣үεĽȽӹ
̰غôְԸ񶼲һ
ҿģȻĻɵǲǱˡ
Ҳӡ̰غ˵ţŵɳϡ
ϽױϽ·ȥһѱ͵ءУ̬ȥ˼ѩ
ӴүҲ֪˼ҵģΪŮء
㣡СӣүүΪãϽȥ
үЩĵŬŬ죬Ϊ̫ԼԺ̰غһѹסϵǰһ
οһϲ˽飿
֪ˣзִ磬㶪
ôԸڱͶˡȷʵԴӦж
ѡ
Уúðҳȥ
Ѿ඼룬ĻױѩҲڻױ
˵ѩҲûʲôر֮ô̼ҾԸţôųŶأҪҪַ죿
˭֪أ˵˵ȥΪ˼ʶ¡
Ҹ˵˵˼ҳ̰غŮ˵ģȢѩҲΪ档
ʲôΪΪ˰𣿡
ȻΪ顣
ǰμӵˣһһ۽ǡ
ɲ˵ǰʱ̫ŵչϡ̰غеǰѩòÿ
̰غֲʲôˣȻϲְࡣ
ô崿װĻࡣ
һվǵߣҲǣҲǣΡ
ԭԶӳģ̰غչֻ˵Ĺˣûᵽѩ
ôŴŵǵͱ˳̰غ˵ѩòÿء
ԶԶԣ˵̰غջһŮӳúÿ
죬˵ˣֺˡ
ЩİԵ˵Ļһæͷȥ
ֺһʵɫװ
ȥҪһ֭㲻ҪȾơ
˵ֺϵıӵݸغһ˳İͷ
ȾҲûµġȻʤҲܺ
ҪȣˣҴȥֱӸֺ񲻻ô˳ͽеġ




ʮ  ô
 

ˡһӹƱССһڡ
ȷʵֺ֭ˡ
һҾͺãҪߡõĳҲ֪ѩǸ˻᲻Ϊ
áЩ鷳
һƬ̾С̰غޱغѩӺ̨߳
үһЦվ̨ϿĵĿˡ
ܿģܹμӵĶҺϲѩѩҲҿųġܹһϹͷⱲҲԲˡ
һЩɬ̧ͷȥȷʵһԵǶԵ˶
ǴӼǴϿѩȷʵʺϳ̰غա
̨ϵѡЦӯӯÿһˡ
Ž棬Ҳ̧ͷζЦš
˶ڵʱŽͻȻžƱһ߹
һþòŽƱҲܺһûзӦԼȸΪ
ôһЩǺܿģˡ
ҡ
һģŽȻˣڸĹ˾ü꣬ҺŽ㡭ء
֪ʱѩͻȻߵǵߣӵĽ͡
һҪǲϲһξͲǰͬһˡ
ѩµĺӣһ޴Ŀźһ
ѩǣߵģ˵ĿȻ͵Ķ
һһֳΪ˵Ŀۼء
ͳģûʲôȨ
һЦҡͷڳ˫
ǵģġһҴѧʱѣŽְϵѣϣܹúദҲϣμкҪʱ̡
ѩ͵ҡͷ۾ˮ
ҲãҵĴҪ֪˱㲻ϲŽĻңңҾ͡
ߺ֣ʲôˣ
ߵɹүӵע⣬Źȣų̰غճӡ
ûʲôүүѩŬһЦ۾ˮȴΪԡ
ôˣϲӣѩ˭ˣ
̼ҺּҵĶϣȻ˰ѩŪˣⲻžžĴǳ̼ҵ
˼ҵĴҲӦġǱߣŽ㾪ֵĿүӣսսĵǸ
ңҵĴӦҪ뵽һһҪǲϲŽ㡭
ѩͣһ£һӣſڡ
ϾŽԲȡһβˡ
˵꣬ѩȥͿˡ
ˣһͲԣӸˣô£ô˵޾Ϳޣ
ߣһһʹûҳ̼Ҫ˭ÿ˵ɫ
үȾɫŭɺһ
үүˡֺǰһԼ
һҵѣ˭ġѩú˵
ֺһѩϬĿ˵ٴˣŽ̲ģ
磬ң˵ʲô𣿡ѩһãίĿ˿ֺֿ˿һ
ûСֻ룬ȻǶǾǼϲ£ûҪôͣЦЦ
ֺȻҪѩӵģֳϣĶϡ
ܣСã㲻ϻһɣһͳҲǡ
죬˵𣿡ѩɫˣŭŽ㡣
ҵĴ
ʲôϵүɫ࣬תͷվĳ̰غա
ûϵ
̰غ侲磬³֡
ѻ˵ʲô£̰غղ˵үӰĿŽϡ
ҡ
£ڣҿ˭ôү˵⻰ʱ򣬿һֺֿһ۳̰غգ˼
ͣһڹ˾һδ¡
гүӵļӳ֣ŽŽе˵ȻⲻһͼӴס
ţѩΪʲôй
ûأ԰ء
Χ۵ٴ˽ЩСҲѩ
ҿүҲûбôϲɣȻĶֿǳŵء
һûüΪԼֺͣվ
˵˶ٴǸᣬô˵ǹó̰غվôùģ㹴һԣ
ֺŭϺΣͷŭŽ㡣
֪Ҳϲ㵱ȻǸˡ
Ž˳
ǲҪҵĴûЭáѩ׵Ŀˣסֺ
ϷöడһֱĺһͻȻЦ
ݼ֪ͦͿưıô




ʮ  ֪߳
 

һЩΣѩں˸ӣء
μʲôܹ˵ʲôûЭã
Ǻǡ
ǿеǴʼû˵һ仰
ͷβҲһΪʲôŽҲ𣿡
һεʼ磬Ʊһھơ
ôǣôණأţ
ôôܳǼݼã籾ҲдĲ
ߣ֪㿴Ҳ˳ۣСĶƻ
Ž㳰ЦЦѩǰ
ûǸȤ
ޣΪҲ֪㹴Ҳһ˰ɣ㻹Ǹ֪˭˽ȥ
Ž㲻ģʲôܣһĳһ
˽ӣŽ㣬񶮵ͦġ˵˵˽ӵ˭ģеĳأλأ
һЦ˽ӣĶӣ˭˵˽ӣûиףҲܸõ
㡭˭֪ĸģŽѹ벻һڴ֮ͥ¾Ȼôش
ʲô֤˵˽ӣ˵ƻѩĶҺúõҵľƣԼܹң˭ƻ
ƾʲôеĹӣѵΪֺߵıȽϽ
˵û͹Ǹӻؼ˵ûϹĳ𣿡
Ӱ˵⣬Ҫѿɡ
̰غվǿϷ˼𣿡
Ȼһ˵ѩİںŽǹǸɴҲһˮɡ
ͦ˼ݼ˵ĳ̰غȻЩ⣬ȴҲȻؽӹһĻ⡣
غգǵĶǰôҶƽϵܲܰ۹ⶼҵϣ
ѩų̰غգ޳һš
֪֪һֱƭ㣿ҲǰǸˣ㲻һֱ𣿡
ѩһ߿޵һ˵
ˣүͻȻʮĴһ˲䰲
ҲǼ٣ŮԺܳڰغյǰ
үòᣬ֪̰غղԸѩ顣
һֱΪϲ˰ţûϲˡ
ǰŮӡȷʵδһܽܣҪǺǳ̼ҵҲͰˣƫƫǸġ
ǷС㻹гǼҵıܸлһؼҡ֪Ҵô鷳һĳ
һЦĺܲãû﷢µ¡
ֺ΢΢ָ⣬֪һĴڵѪɡ
Ӵôô˵𣿸òǶڵҰɣ
ſڣͻȻһ
˻ͷȥһɫĺ΢已Ÿ߸Ьʮ߹
ͷӣ˼ˣҿɲǲӰ²ŵˡ
΢һ˵ţһ߳ү߹
Ӵôˣɫôѿϲ˭ˣʲôأֲˣŶأʲôÿ޵ģʱеޡ
΢巿һΣ΢΢ȴЦòõĺһʱס
ôүü:ôҲĶͲ
㿴ڡոճʲôϷˣǴʲôЩ𣿡
΢巵һүĹĵĿȴЦ޹
ѽѽүɣֲ˵ƢãСӼҼҵ£˼˽һϹͷϹʲô
΢ȻŲ³û֮ǰʲô顣
֣ǺųүӰ뿪
ҿҪҲſġ
ɣҲŮ΢ƲƲ죬үҲ߯Сˡ
㡭ѾͷϱǷʲôˣӴӴۡܲˣȥҽԺ
úúãȥҽԺıģˡ
΢巰үӴˣҲΧۣҲλϡ
ϷĻˡһڣˣͲӦμ
ҹȥѩӣϵĺõһϡ
һһơ
㹴غգҲ˵ʲôҪүү
ѩû:ѧʱҰ㵱ѣôҵģһҶ̫ʧˣߣҲٿˣ
һŷӦϷԭ񫣿
뺯㷢ҵģѾܸˡѩ㻹Ӱ󰡡
˵꣬һЦһ뿪




ʮһ  ֪ŮĪ
 

ֺͷһѩתͷ׷źһܳȥ
С㣬˶ܵ
ְ賣ڹ⣬ҪǼΨһļ̳ˣô죿
ѩһ͵͵Žһ¡
ٴÿֵʱѾָƽЦ档
˼ҵʧôҿôõһ棬ǱǸˣ
˵ᳶ˳̰غյ֣ûг̰غտڣЩҲЦġ
Ҿˡ̰غҲѩ̫ѿתͷһŽ㡣
Ժ㲻óǰ
ôֳôķˣĹ˾Ҫˡ
ңܣҡѩҡҡû취ֻð
һǸᣬҺûаϵλԺҪҽ
̰غյĻһڳûһҳ
ţûзκһճС
Ҳ֪ΪʲôѩĺܱǸ
˵Ǹ𣿡һЦѩǺţǰˢ˸
һĺܶԲ𡣡
ֺҲ֪˵ʲôóظһ
һŷԭѾˣ̫ί˰ɡ
ô˵鶼ּҵĴ
Ҹúøѩ̸̸ˡ
ȥɣøңû¡
˵һ·ֽƳֺ̳üȥֹ
ȥ
һסԼô򿪳ŵ֡
һһȥ𣿡һЦ̧ۿ
ܣĺܼѡ
˶٣˵
ҺϧѣǻǱֵɡ
˵һϳֺ˺ߡ
㻹֪ƣֺصҾͱָ
ĽűߣָΪˤµıӡ
ʲô˵ô
ĸֺһɫʾҪԼָı˳
ߣӡҿӣ
㿴㣬˵ʲôӲӵġĸתͷһ۶ӣֺȰָ
ôˣ
˵ѩͳ̰غյĶ񣬵Ϊʱġ
ּҵλ˶ڹ⣬ǲ̼ǱҲ⡣
ôˣʵĿã
ָһŭĸ輸ϵ໨ɲ豭ˤֺ
ֺûж㣬ǱֱӰͷѪ
ѽʲôлܺúø˵𣿡
ĸһԼĶӱҳѪ˹ȥ鿴ơ
㣡ָҲˣô㣿ĻһҲġ
裬֪Ϊʲôֺ˲ԼͷϵѪ
ΪõĶɣվںһߵʱôһ졣
Ҳ֪ãôģˣǿõĶ񣡡
ָŬԼ
֪Ķ񣬿Ҳܿȥ
һ߹ۿţ˲֪ѩԸĻ֪
ǰô
ѵҲ𣿴СͿᰮϷʲôʱйһʵ
ֺ̲ס
꣬ѧǰͬܣȴҧ˼һ˵˼۸ΪñԼֱϸһǱ˸ģһûлеʱУ԰裬趯۸һŮӣ²Ұ𣿸еʱӾΣװӾأ˵Ӿˮˣιȥ֣СȥϵӾΣǺѼӿ𣿡
Ҫģֺ޷ܵǣ˽Ϊ˱ķͷʢ
˵ˡĸЩѿҲ֪ΪʲôԼӲô
죬Լȥʲô£Լһֲ߻һƻİɣ
վںһߣһһ䣬Žôǣһһ͵ľܳôΨ²ң⻹
磬ˡ
ʱѩ¥
Žڶϵϵױ޻ˣûдЬ
ʲôˣ
ֺЦСã֪Լиõʱ֪ж࿪ġ
ǺأΪֺΪͷġ
ҵĶҾǰô֣ôܻҵĶЦһôı͡
ѩ˲ᣬ޵ҡҡ׹
˵һϵû𣿡
Ҹ˵һϵûУҷģȫŽίҪҳһˣ˵ǻѻǾһӶܼ޸غգ
ѩ֣涵ĿԼĸ硣




ʮ  ʱְͣ
 

ƣƣѩһֱô޸̰غգҷֶˣ㻹˵һֲ߻𣿡
ָСָȻ谮ֺԼŮҲ
㵱һӶ޸̰غˣֺѩıҳʲô
ôͲأԴӺһ֮ʲôûŹҡ
ѩôһ˵ָ
һ
ҵĴѧͬѧҲǹ˾ʦ
ϲŮ𣿡ĸҲֺ
ǣϲֺҲڣ
ʲôŮӣиˣغա
ѩҲĴôֻ֪࣬һĴڣвܴ
иӣģ
ָĸĺӸòǼҵİɣ
ôģѩЦ
һʶûأ
ʲôЦõıཾǳ̰غյĶӡ
Բܺһ̰غһཱུĴڣһͲԳǰ
ôϲˣȥڼҳ˶Цˡ
ֺʲôŮûУƫƫһ裡
Ů˲֪㣡ôܽǼҵţ
ָָֺıӴ
ûв֪㣡ֺȭͷŭԼĸס
ôΪһ˻Ҫﳳܲɣ
ԭָƫֺģɼŭ
ˣ¥ȥѩҲԼķ䡣
ĸȥһ˺òžۣǸأ
һ£²ȥ˾ˣѩλãúðѹ˾á
ָ˱۾˵
Ǹʲôĸ󾪣ֱ:ѩûġ
ѩ裬ѩָơʱ˾ɲҪѹ˾Ūüɹģ
裬ôûˣѩǶּҵĺӣƾʲô
ûԼ֪𣿡ĸͷ͵͵ĺǳѩ
ǹ£˽˽¡ٿǿǰɡ
ֺڹ˾Ĺ޿ޣͻȻְͣǹ˾ڲϹ²⣬ġ
ּ̫ҵģҲּҵġȻҲǹ£ҲǼ¡
ȥָѾ˾Ҳġ
ãͬ⡣ֺͷһ¶ѣ£¶Ѿȥһˡ൱ڵļ£
ְһʧģ磬ڻûԭ㡣ԭˣҾͰѹ˾ˡ
ѩǸ浥ģ·ղųôõļܣֻǹҼҡ
ǣҵĺáֺûлͷֱ¥Լķ䡣
ôѽСڷĺһ
Сᱧס˺һĴȡ
ûУûвġһͷЦţཱུͷҡҡͷ
˵ѡСĿźһ
ÿ跢ǲĵʱ򡣡ںһô꣬᲻
첻˵ȥμ˭Ķ裬òȥμҰְֵĶɣ
СԴһתԣûȻǿĵģôһȥôƲأһΪҪǸְ֣ǸУ
㡭
һɫ˭˵ģǲ֪ˣ
ѵ˵𣿵Ӿ綼ôݵġͷӦòƶϡ
㡭һһԭɰŵˡ
ȥ￴ĵӾ磿㲻ǶڿƬ𣿡һЦã⺢Щ졣
Уʱ򿴵ЩĻ϶־顣˵ʵ˵ǲģ
ǸаְָòҪ˰ɣ
ɵϣֻЩ顣
ˣԭֻܺԼƶ϶ѣҲûƶϴ
裬ûϵ㻹гѡ񡣳Ӧϲģ岻Ѿ𣿡
ǸаְֲҪˣҪ
СԴ춼ʲôţҲѡҲѡ壬ѡҼཡҼླྀˣԺͿˡ
һСཱུ֣
ǿ㣬ԺҲԼӰǸʱҾҪǡƲƲ죬ϣԼһ˳š
ѽ㻹ôСôҪԺˣ
һüһЦʵ
Ҽǲ׶԰ϲСѰ




ʮ  С
 

Ųأæųûʱ̸
°һȥ⸱СģһùЦ
Цʲôߣȥ˯ˣŮ˾ֹ֡
ǲ˼СȿٵƶȥǺñ˯
ΪڶϵķЩµԭ򣬺һصļûȥ˾
ȵȥ˾ʱ򣬷е˿񶼱ˡ
ţô˾
Ҷˡ
ܱøְ
ֹ˵һڳ̰غոѩĶϡ
ȥòڹɣ
֪أǸûƤûˡ
һ֣ŬԼƽ
Щ˵𣿾˵ôŵ
Ӵ㿴ȭͷأô˲ɣ
ϣ˵Ŷ˼Сδ򶼸ʲôģ
ιһƤôô񰡣
˵Щ˾Ȼֱһºһ졣
һûϵǻôһ¡
һüǵ
Ż
Ǿǣǹ˾ˣһöˡ
ʶȤĸϽߡǵۣҵۣ
ôǵˣһЦôҲ绨Լòġ
ǰѧʱֹ˾˻ء
ǰЩˣǿЦ
ڸʲôȻһӰ߹ĸ߸Ьذ崥յ
ĳĽŲж죬Ӧúܿİɡ
С㡣
С硣
Ƿʲôˣѩ΢ЦˣĿ䵽һϵʱ
Ц˼֣߹ȥһǹ
һˡ˼˾ʱʲôˣҾͲƽˡ
˵ЦõĶźһһҲ˿۾Ķġ
ҸСûôɣһԼ֣
һ֪㻹ҵҾ̫ںغˣ˸ʱ̫˾ͻģ㲻Ҫ
ѩҲǺƢ˿ѺһĶķ
ֱ߹ȥٴιһֱۡ
Ƕһ֪ΪұƽһеˡҺֻǸᣬԺǿɲ۸Ӵ
ѩˣЦݲõ˵
һЦֱ֣Լİ칫ҡûһϷദ
ô
ǣСôã֪ô
ѩӣǿЦЦ
Ҳǹģǻȥɡ
ѩô˵Щ˲ɢȥһص칫ҷԼİ칫Ѿ
˼һ˾˵⣬ֻʱѶ칫ˣɲҪŶ
һ㶵ʱƲ
һʶˣǶС˵ΪӢ
һһ۲ѩߵͦġ
˺Ѳǹġ
ô𣿡
⣬Щ𣿡һšֵĵ鲻⣿
˼òߣܻˣԼȥ˵СЦЦЩ
ŶɡһҲûʲôƢֽصˤϣСС˵óѵʧǰ
ŵĺһЩϣ첻׷ʲô飿
ˣ
ʱֻ˷һ΢š
һ£Ҷȥ˾ˡԼչ˺Լ¸һȥСġ
ֺģ²˾ˣʲôˣ
һЩɻǷֿʱ򲻻Ǻúõ
ѩӣҲǷʲôرҪ¡
뵽һˮϢ
ȥˣϢڽ
Ϣͦģ׿˲ᷢ
Ȼһڿϣƨɶûء
߾ʹ˽ϢʲôãǸãʲôԣر𷽱㡣
˵ΪڶܻźһȻ³Ǿʹӹ̻
³ǻˣ
ɲ˵³رһֱӰֻܵͣˣС档
ȥһǺջˮ
˵ģͦÿġ
ÿǺÿƷզء
ô˵Ͼ˭֦ͷˡҪôôޣҿ϶ȥǰơ




ʮ  ٴμ
 

ϢôһһҲ˽ֺΪʲôְͣˣҲΪԼɡ
뵽һЩܸУڸߵ˴ҡ
һѽҶþˡͻȻߵ˽ﲻˣȡ֮ǳ³ʵ
˺ԥԼĶ棬һһ
ڸôã±˼˵𣿡
µʱ۳³ġ
ҹ˾ûʲôҺµġ³еĿִ򿪣ݸһޡ
ĵʱͺһ¿֣˵Ϳء˵ˣֲѵģģǸô飬ֳ顣
³ʲô˼³ĻԱߵסˡ
һʼҲûע⵽һֱ³ǲ֪ġΪ֪û˵ʲôڳ³˵Ҳ̫˲
ûָգʲô³Ҳʾ첻£ҹ¹š
㣡
ˣܺͶ³ؽʦǿǲ߰ɣ߰ɡ
ԱߵССȰǸˣϰĽߡ
һ㿴ס˵ܼ򵥣ֻҪ㹻ǿС޿һôҲҶ˵һ֡
³һۣϲˡ
³лл㡣һԵ˵ʱ޷˵վߣָоá
ˣû¡СһѩˣɲʲôƲ硣
ֺô꣬˵³ѩΪҲ˽⡣
ҲһҡҡͷѲԵ޹ʴɣ
֮Сġ
³˵ţ־һᣬҲ־һ£곤档
ͳ³˵һһİûж١
죬˾ͿСİ칫ҵˡ
һ֮ǰˣ
СָЩûɵһ
ңȥ˭ûĶôһѣѵôңء
ô᲻֪أİ칫ҶǷϣù1000һСŪˣҲ˭
Сüͷϵ˵
Ѷѵġҿû㱣ܵ񡣡
ǰЩѵΪһлܹذɣ
ûܣãǰûбܵ񣬵İ칫ҳ㻹˭
ڲҲ𣿡һЩЦǳʱûӣĶˣ
㣡ǿʶСڰ¶ָźһıӴ
ôǿʶˣҵİ칫ңôණѽһ仰û˵ڶȻҡ֮λ޴ǣ
һԼĶͷЩΣúùôôྣ
ҡãţ˵㣬ȥС㣡СȻûкһôܿĶӡ
ϯûãľͲģˮٵ800ɣ
һֹŸϣһ徻ôư
һҿԽȥ𣿡
Ȼô˵ѩȴԾĴš
¶𣿡һͷ̧
غգȻǱߵҰɡѩɫΪѵģ˿һֿһԼߵĳ̰غա
̰غյ֣һֶһ£ͷ
̰غûжֱվںһİ칫ӡ
ʦʲôʱԱˣ
̰غתͷѩ۾ѹȸС
ģС£ǲŵ˵⣬ʱʹáʱѶ˺һģܿߡ
̰غôһ˵Сĵ̰غպͺһ岻׵ģ¿ɱŭˣһվںһǱߣǿô죿
С˵һʲô⣿
ѩٴοڣ⡣
ģҰѶùߵʱһ30УǽҲˡ
ԣһ̧ͷ۾ֱСҪѹ˦
˵û30У˭֪أ
İ칫ңˣ㻹˭ѩڣСӲ˲١
һǹ˾ģҪҲԣǵҪСУ˽õġ
ѩװƽ˵
õƵģҪϸںͿ𣿡
һǷЩˡķװ岻Ǻɫȫõġ
ô˭֪ʲôһóȥתأС̽һҧǺһõϡ




ʮ  Į
 

ֱǮ𣿡ʱ̰غտڣޱ˵仰
ֲһ°ɣһܻ벻̰غҲˣ
һĲˡѾͰغնˣˡѩǸƢģװȰοһ
ǣСһˣ̰غղǺһǱߵģӵôߡ
ɣһأҲȥռ⳥ˣǮСȥˡ
ѩᣬȴ˿һ͵Ļᡣ
˵˲ҡһ˱۾Ҫ͵϶š
һҪǲع˾ĹݹҿҲˡ
ѩΪѵĿһȴ⡣
˺üʱ䣬ó̰غģ죬ɵڳ̰غǰúñֱ֣ҲúһнӽĻᡣ
ôΪ˾ǮšһЦŷǮɵİɣ
ҪǲĻǾ뿪˾ɣȻҲø˽
ѩΪѵضڳ̰غյĺߣӵĿźһ
С㣬֪Ҫ˭ҪҲиľֻҸҿɲΪǽ
ͻȻ칫ҵ߽һˣһǰһ³ˡ
³£ʲôСĴýô·ͻȻɱҧ
ô˵ҲĴɣúõ䲻ãǵ÷⣬Ȼںһͷϵģ
³ƽûʲôʱҲ
㡭
С˵³һ۳³ֿһۺһɫĪ⡣
˵³ôϰһ˵ϲѽ֣
Ӷô𣿡³Ҳʾ
˵˴Ϊ˵
ӣСûشֻ˵ѩ
³֪ǿǹ˾飬֡
ѩɫױˣѾ޷άָղŵƽ͵ı顣
߰ɡʱ̰غͻȻڡ
ãСͽˡѩǵþһ̽Ȼתͳ̰غˡ
ܼ򵥣ҪôǮҪôˡȵ̰غպѩ֮С°͸߰Ŀźһ
ҸǮţˣҲøһ˵óֻתˡ
һ¡СͻȻֹס:ҪڹȺתһҪ߱˵Ϊʲôתġ
Ҫһⶼʲôˣ
ðԼȥС˵һкûйϵģֻǮ㲻Ǯңֻ뿪˾
Сģ֪ѩ϶ϲһ
˵ѩͬһˣϾʲôֻҪץᣬ;ԲŹ
Ҫôҽʹְ³Ŀڣδ̫۸ˡ
㡭СĲҶԳ³ôӲҰѳ³ŭ
áȻֱӸǮҰɡ
˵³óֻתˡ
ûС¸һֹǮתС˻ϡ
ڿԳȥ𣡡³ɫÿСһû˵ʲô˳ȥ
㲻ðҸǮһеġһóֻ³תˣȴֹ
³ҡҡͷźһ
㲻֪ҸĻǳҪҵġĻû취ûˡ
˵ˣӹۺʱεضС
ǹⲻȥô鷳
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôع󴦴˳ġ
Ⱥúù̫࣬°һȥСӰɡ
ˡ
Ϊ㣬ҴӦˣڵʱúúչ㡣
һܾ³ֻýֺ
ֺ͸Ӳܽܳ³ĺˡ
ȱžܾҲǾùⲻȥ룬Ժ㣡
³ظһЦЦû˵
ѩų̰غյִӹ˾߳ϵЦʮ㡣
غգǳǼҺķԷòã
Լ̰غ˼ȥļҳԷһ̩̫ﻹܴã
ȥ᲻᲻
غգǲǾҶһЩţ
̰غ䲻ѩġһûʲô顣
̰غӶ˶һῪڣһ䵭
޹ء
ģǱѩѩҲ͹Цݣﱻһĺȴֶ֪˼֡
ԺҪˣòãཱུ֪黹̰غնãǲĻ˵̰غչкһ˵Ĵˡ




ʮ  ҵȤ
 

㲻Ӧùôࡣ̰غ۾ȾЩͷүӵĻѩ鵫ԶԼָֻš
ֻ̫ˣ뱲Ҫһġ
ǳ̰غ˳ӣΪ֮һˣǾԲ̰غյġ
Ǻ뱲ӵ¡̰غսִԼÿ
ͻȻ˾е£ԼȥԷɡ
˵ôࡣܷûʳˡ
غգӦһԷġѩסˣողúõôͻȻͲԷˣ
ʱ£֡˵̰غתϳֽ򿪡
㵽Լȥ԰ɡ
ǴСһ𳤴󣬻ǳүĿеϱѩ̫ѿ
ѩͷҧҧ촽ã̧ͷ
غգȥæɣҡĴ۾ˮʶȤˣʱ˿һᶪ
ţá˵̰غĽߣûлͷ
̰غ˵ĻЦɳϡ
ɫһѿɣȻ˵ţãôˣô˵Ǹ˶ᶪ𣿡
ǰ֪̰غղǣڣ幾ó̰غղǻˡ
ʲô£֪ҲϲӦ֪Ҳɫ
鶼ǿүӵϣڻһδΣ̫ˡ
˵ĲһDNA𣿡幻Ǿེͳ̰غվǸӡ
£ʹǰʧ̰غֳ˳Ѿˣ幸ﻹ鷳
ʶȤı죬˵Ͳ˵˭˭ѽֲӣȿȥˡ
ֺʱȥ˾ڼŪݲݡ
ָһָ֮û˵ʲô
ĸĻһֱվߵģֺڳ˱ȽϵĺһҲûʲôõĵġ
ĸԺӵţߵֺߡ
եĹ֭ĸеĹ֭ݸֺֺ˲ֵݹһڡ
еᡣ
⺢ӴСͳԲᣬģͷ֭
ĸЦó˲
ڼҲã衣ڶӣĸһֱпǷ
ֺǰûմȵѩʱȴ΢һֱѩߣ׶԰һֱѧҵ
裡ҿܲˣǱүү軵ġСҪʲôʲôˡүүҲǻ
ֺ뵽ѩЩɸ֡Саչˣүү̳ôͻˣ
үүҲǿģǰҪŮ˭֪ⱲӶûиŮòѩôܲأ
ĸ̾˿˵үүѾˣҲա
ҾΪһ
֮⣬˾ʲôġ
ֺһĸҲ¡
ܸ裬еĺһʲôӵ𣿡
֮ǸŮӣѩ˵
뵽һֺס
һֺı飬ĸֺжϲһˡ
ְ֣ѩ̼ҲΪ㡣
ָֺж࿴أӵĶ
֪û
ֺƲƲ죬ֲˡ
ȥ䣿趼þûˡ
ҲУֺ˵꣬Լĸߡ
ĸȥĵط빫˾ܽҲ֪ǲĸģѡôط
裬ΪʲôҪֺüòɣ
˼ɼĵ࣬һ㣬ǹ˾ӦҲ°ˡλÿԿ˾Ĵſڣ˵ԿǸһһۡ
ĸЦǲ˼ˡ
лл衣ֺĵЦ
ôģ˵ڶʲôĦĦ˼Ҳȵġ
ĸʮܰʱ򣬿ǱͻȻһ
ҵĵϾĦǺһ͸¶Ρ
ǲһֱһͳ򿧷ȡΪ֮ǰǶˣֵһҲܲ
ʲôһ㿴ˣҲȥϸϴּͰѵˣˣԼĦɡ
һһǸ˿һӣڴ֮ͥ¶ǳ⡣
ȥϴּ֮ǰҰѵ˵ġһ̾һһҪ
ǽѵˣûȥԼҪôԼǮٵһΡ
ԷͱˣһҪֳϸ
ι㲻ǰС𣿡һŵĺſȵġغա
Ļ̧ͷһᣬԱ




ʮ  û
 

һСʲô¸㣬򵥡
ǷԱЩԾǰʵ˿ȥȲû뵽˻ôá
Ҫ˵ǿԻ
һôߵĶԣ
ãȥǷԱЦŵͷʲôżŶΣţԲһӾˡ
λǲóˣǿѰǻġ
˽ֲ֮ʣǷԱ˵
ָǰôûУһһ򿧷ȵŮüһҲ̫˰ɡ
ʵ̫̲סˡ治˵仰ǳ̰غҪ˵ģ
㡭
ǹϣ¡
Աôһ˵һûסЦ
Ǿµɣлл㣬鷳ˡһҲ˵ֻսپǳҪʱģһ깤üӰࡣ
ɣҳȥ㡣һһŮǺһ仰ȥ
ϲ㹫˾ôܴ
ĸȤĿֺһǺƢڹڳָűӴ̲ˡ
ӦѩǱ߲֪˰ɡźһЩۡ
㲻ȥʿϲһô˿
ֺҡҡͷ𿧷Ⱥһڡ
裬ҹȥѿô£˭Ҳ뱻ɣ
벻ҼҶôģģҾһϲӢ۾ˡ
ĸЦĸﲻϣԼѵʱаӴ
ҡĸҪҪȥֺ̰غպͺ幵ӰɫЩѿ
ô
٣Сˣּ年Ӻһºһŵúһɫɷס
ô㣿幵һûʲôɫ
ѽСˣȻҺ㲻죬аغհ˵ţ幽̰غƵһǰ
һ˺һƬĮԶ
ţô̰غȻ˺һ˺󼸲תһ롣ôҲ˵ùȥ
ֵ򿧷ȡʱش𣬺һ̫ǣ
Сһȥɣ
̰غ͵͵һº幵ƨɣһ飬˵
ô˵˵£Ҫǣ
ֹû취ΪֵܵİҸһԼɡ
Ҫͬߵҡ
һҡͷֽõĿЩ
ûͱһֽӹ
СˣҰ㣬ͶֵӵС
ѿȻңԼáʲôãȥ֪ǰﳤ฾ô˵ء
±˵ûϵģǶʶ˵ʲô
µôôðʱŵŮ߽ٴըը
ܾ𣿡̰غῪڣһ˪
ܣô⣿Ů𾪣ոǻûġ
ôСү·ȱȲǮŮҲûʲôɫղǿ̵ġ
ǡ
ߣ幰ߣתͷһ
߰ɣСˣȥغգҾͳɡ
ΣһֻɺԼع˾
ҵĦôһˣ
칫Щ˽һɫ˴
һĵҲ֪
Ǯ𣿡
һﰵȥǺһأ
˭Щע⵽һߵĺ幡
Сү˭ǣǮզզġ
ôǮ
Ǿǡ
ȥ򿧷ȵʱôˣ
Ǿǣƿͻƿȶ򲻺ãɴؼҵˣ
һû˵ϰˣ˾͵ʧٿǮɣͲɡ
Сү˭ˣǶ񶾣㣡ڰѹС˦˭ڿ󳳴˵ҪĦģ
û֪һͻۣ仰˵ľ˰ɡ
ҡҵĵһȥ򿧷ȵ˼˵
ҪҪг̰غչ֤ܻûˡ
⡭
˲̫֣øǮ͸ǮȻǸСĵ㡣
ͷ޺ĳЦЦȴЩ˲亮ë
С˱£㻹Ŷҿɺܽģҽ˵£г̰غհҽ
ĻҲͳ̰غյĹϵжôãϺͺһһ򿧷ȵŮ˵Ҫҳ̰غ֤һ仰˵
Ҳ֪幵ķжˡ
лл㡣һԺ幵ӡʼĹۡ




ʮ  Ӹ΢
 

кôһ֣˰˲٣벻⼸
ȿȰɡʱ˳жһͿ
һҲ⣬Ժ幵ӡȻǺܺáڡо
ȿȰһתЩΪѡ
̰غǼһﻹڵң첻㣬ɣСŮǼӸ΢£пҺȿȡ
ţһԥ΢ţӺ幵΢ţˡ
ôԸⰡðɺðɣСŮ˲զء
Ȼô΢Ŷӡ
Ǹ˻ƦƦģһЦ
ãӸ΢šǼ΢ûʲô˵ģҲǺˮޣûʲôµġ
٣СȻͬˣһ𾪣Ѿñܾ׼ˡ
ûʲôͬģҵ΢Ҳûô󡣡һЦֻóɨά롣
СɲɾңȻҾɱǹ˾Ɑȡ
幸߰°ͣԵøĿɰ
ãɾ㣬ɱǹ˾һЩЦһҲġ
ֺ⼸鲻ãĸҲȥ֮鲻ãΪڿ￴̰غպͺһɡ
ĸҲǺܺáô˵̰غնԼŮˡ
ָһŮ׵ģҪǸŮ˻ԼϲŮˡ
⼸ôˣָһ߿űֽ۾ͥԺȲֺ˵ǺȲ裬˵Ƿ
㲻ˣӵ£ôĸ֪ôָԴȥˡ
ϲһкӵŮˣһ㶼𣿡
´ȥּҵ涼Ҫ˰ɣ
ʲôģŮô٣иֳɵ㻹Ҫ˵˼һһҼҺء
ĸ˼ţָǽǰҲû˿ǡ
ǻĺúõģ
˵ԺҲ̫˰ɣ˻˵û¶
ֶ֣⻰ҾͲˣôĺ˵ˡѩͳ̼úȢԼϲŮ𣿡
ĸĺһɲ
һѩѩҲϲ̰غյġ
ôһأѩϲ̰غգǺҲϲһ
ǶԺ͸ϲһ
һָüһ
ѩôһһ̰غǲʲôè壿һߵһˣǼͷˣ
ѽĸһ:úץ˼Һһ׷֡
ôץ
򵥰»ع˾ͳˣ
ָһһѱֽڲ輸ϡ
ǱŷӰҪع˾أ
ָЭ˽ֺֹͣһܾع˾ˡ
˵ܾͻˡ
ţôô죬᲻ᱨǣ
ڼǿû۸һ
ʲôСǳ:ѵΪ˺һ𣿡
ɲ𣿲Ϊ˺һΪ˭
㣡СɫɷףŲţֺΪܲûôƽ
ܵԲ߰ɡ
ǰǰԴС
˶ֺ֪Ժһж࿴أҪ֪ôΪѺһҪܴĻ
ߣưɣСһתȥ
ֺҪع˾ϢһҲܿģڲùˡ
СˣҺȿ𣿡
һĵʱ򣬺幵΢žˡ
ڣ
Ȼô
ڳ̰غյɳϣһҧӣһ߻ظ
ӵʱ䣬ҵɳϹĳ̰غտ⸱ģɫ̱
ҹҹദ̷Ӧɳϳء
̰غһۣҪˮҵ֭εɳϣϴ
ˣǶȿ£
广һۺһĻظƤЦſɳ
ͣ
Of course£ʲô˲ġ
ɽ
ҲʼǸæˡ
ʣҲ˵
õģ롣ƤЦⲻЦÿζ
šĻѾƵˡ
ҪܳɵĻǽʱһҪǸһ
ּͥǶˣֻҪûһж˵
ЩӸϲմǲݣǽ˻ȥӡ
Ҳֻǿ˳̰غղϲѩ뱲Ӹһϲһˡ
ѩ˰ɣòֵ̫ܡ
ں˼ʲôһµͷһҡͷġ
ûɶ




ʮ  ڸ
 

һѾͺ˵Ҫӵ֮Ÿһȥȿȡ
¿Σø°ʱһġ
ȥϴǸͿȣཱུС۾µĴһ
裬ǲɫԵһˣȻôȥͱ˺ȿȣ˵Ůһȥȿһè塣
ལСԴӶʲôأһһ
Ϊλ裬ллȻҲܺͺһȿȡ
˵һ۲졣СһӣŲźһĹ
Сˣս幾վһ֡
һ߹ȥ
һллˡһٴεǸ
ѽȥˣСѻǵø𣿡
Ҫ۾һۡ
ţüôͲҪأ
ôҸ簡ôϣӦý塣أûĸôġ
ལûòһͷ
Բλ塣Ҳ˺һĻֱӸ幵Ǹ
ȥ⺢ӣе˼СС;ô˵һǸ˲š
ҪܡСͣӡһ㶼ãһλǿϳ
Сǵ𣿡ƣ⺢ôоֲء
ǰһǿҸĳȻûϣǼǵεġ
ֵۡЦͦǳġ
úúãҸǸ̲߹֭㿴òã
平ô󣬵һһӵ
Ҫһ֭󱭵ģһ⡣ôһ˵ĵͷ
úúãһһѣСѵһºòѽ
һѣһͻȻеԾѲǳ̰غ
ûȺ幻شߵλþ
ôһŲŲͳ̰غձ־롣
ģҺͰغһģ˸˵ˡ㲻ɣ
广һ۳̰غջãûĶӡ
ԡ˶ˣ
裬ͳ峳𣿡ུĺһͳ̰غһۣоǺǺȻ
ŤŤģ԰˵Сٴһ
ûС
š
һͳ̰غյͬʱˣһһ£˵ʲôأ
ǳ˾취ͺѽòǲ˼ɣ
ֲͷ򵥵飬Ϊʲô᲻˼
ལ졣
ޡסСͣһ˫۾ȴڲͣع۲ǡ
ལҸȥ㵥õʲôġüʶȤġ
˵꣬һѽཱ̨ߡ
һЩΣվλá
Ǻˮ𣿡һܣǰɲġ
ֶˣӦúұ־롣ɲ뵽ʱǳʲô۶
뵽ֺڹ˾ôԣٹˡ
־룿ƾʲô̰غЩζ˵
ҸӽҲ㣬𣿡Щ˴˵ʲô
ȥһ˼Ҳ˵ǺһǸɸɾġ
һ֪ʲô˼ͷҧŴ
ͳ̰غ֮Ĳ࣬ԾûѩҲߵһ
ЩжཱུĴڣֻ˸Ц
ү͵ߣҪôŬһ̰غԶһ
ôܷŹңһ̾һֻҪ˵ֻҪȥ
ǵ𣿡
һԼ̰غĪ͵ķꡣ
ǰһڿ˵ǰǸˣôû͸Ŀˣˡ
ſңǹڳϡһ˼ҿˣƺҲϴˡ
ܻӭ̰غЦΪͻĵ
̰غˣ𣿡һɷ˵Ŀ֣ȻȻûĿ
İʾȽ϶ࣿʱ޿̵ĳؿڵ̥ǣལһеһУѵİʾ
ûиʲôʾѩѾˣҲǲ֪жں㣬Խ߽ԽΪңˣԶ𣿡
أʲôϵ̰غĮʵ
㡭һżֱһҧϡ
裬ڸǲ𣿡֪ʲôʱལվǲԶǡ




ʮ  籩
 

ཱུĻһЩΣֻó̰غշſԼ
ལһɿסཡ
˵̰غһ̶ˣ˵ġ
һֱӿ˵µҲˡ
ʲô㶼ˣ̤
һСһţ֮ǰǿˡ
ôལʲôˣ
ſ߹ĺأɻĿһô뿪һƾͱˡ
ǸˣҲϲཱཱུུĽϵİ취һڣСƨ۵ų̰غա
ǣལһЩΪѣҪôͣ
ֻʶĹϵһ졣˭͸˭飬ûκεĹϵ
Ҳ˲ûк幸̰غһżĸཽ͡
ҿҪ֣˭˵ãǸˣ
ҡһ̾ҪôͲУ
ʦ˵ˣҪϲҳϡ˾ͲԺԽӴԼϲ˻Դ׵ġ
ԩ̰غգ̰غն˶ˣҪ谤ô
ϵʲô׶԰̰غ߳׶԰̵Ķʲô
ڹʱǸ׶԰ʦ˵ġһ̰غյĻùС
׶԰ʦġֲá幱Цһ˵
ȷʵȹڿţٺСʱѧУͻһЩڲ̵Ķ
ȥתһº幵֡
ƾʲôĺúõģⶺལҪͬ⣬Сô죿
һô˵ཱུСĸˡ
λãܵһߣþ̵źһ
裬ǻؼǲһҲȹ֭ˣҲԵˡ
СѧУͺһҪʵҪúӣڳ̰غղҳϣԼһ
ལԣһཱһȥ̰غյĶ
ղŵǸᣬǽȻӦ˺壬ǾҪһȿȡ
ʲôŲأΪʲôҪ飿
Ҫ뿪Ҳǳ̰غ뿪ŶԣȶҲȲԵġ
裬ӦԺܸ˼档ָų̰غգǸˡ
СӣܵĻͦࡣ˵Ӧཱུĸףڿأ
ϲĺӣҪʧ裿
ཿСģо̫öԸ
裬Ҫܡ˵ཱི˸
ˣҺСӽʲô̰غյͷЦЦʵʱиȷʵҲֵͦġرСĺӡ
ʲô鶼ûзһһེ平̰غĸ˼ȿȣԵ⣬Ȼֵ
ལԺ󲻿ô嶯Ҫ˽ľ֮ſ˵
ں˯ʱ򣬺һڿ顣
֪ΪԼã̫嶯˲á
֪ˣʵѾˡ
СС˵ӦûԼ˵ġ
ûϵǼԶĺӡ
ǺӣӺԺľһ˯ȥˡ
ֻһΪһεûٳԿࡣ
֪˭ôУȻͳ̰غջкһȿȵƬŵ˵ص̳ϡ
ҪǺһû͵ǡڷ£һӶ֪
˼ҲŸոն飬
˵ڳ̰غպѩĻϴһ
¥ϵģǻǶ񡣡
ǸС¡
Ǻ˭ģòǳ̰غյ˽ӵģ
Ҳ鵽ֻ룬ҪҪһͷһСƻҸˡ
ҪҪˣԼúÿġ
һԴһƬհףع⿪ʼֻûͣܽеİ룬ûܽӶš
һһĶֻֻ𶯲ͣ
˵ͳ̰غ壬ѩĸֺ̫ǸCEOҲЩĹϵ
úþǺðԿһ߱¡
˶ˣ
һ꿴ŵ̳ϵı˵ӡ
ģǱ˴ģóɫ峤ʲôӡ
Ǹֺ̰߳غշŭɡ
ô˵Ƭ˵ҲǼ¡
ֻǡ
һͷ𶯲ֻͣŵ绰Ӧò˰ɣ




ʮһ  ӦԷ
 

ҿԽȥ𣿡⣬³ţһᡣ
³ͻһعš
ôˣ֪³ʲô¡
ûʲô㣬Ҹ̲裬¥һһ¿ĵꡣ
³е̲øһӹһڣܺã㴼
ô³ڴĿ
ͦϲģôúȵ̲裬Ժиˡ
ţԣ㲻˵һһûȹ
ȹˣҺϲ³Щ˼ЦЦǾúúȲġ
³лл㡣һԵ˵
ʱϵֻٴһûͷҲ֪ЩĶš
ֻ³ֻ˵ˣһˮɡ
û£ǣǴˣһĵطԲŻô
ϵҲ˭ں٣ֻҪһйĿӶѡ
³û˵ֱ߹ȥֻ
³
˵Ұ㿴³ֹֻ
һüͷݺЩżֱĿ
Сô/ӣ
Ͻȥɣһڱ
ΪúÿͿΪΪСһӶᱻģھ㡣
Щǳ³ļ±߶кöö
ΪЩţһֻ
ôҲһôõŮӣȻҪ籩Ҳ֪˭ͱȥġ
ʲô˵ģһ˸һ𣿡
һνҡҡͷϣԼӰ쵽ˡ˵ˣֲ֪׳ʲôһϰˡ
һһֻȽɡ
³Ҳ֪ô˵һǸֹۿʻõŮ˽ҲϣôЩ˾ôųأ
ôãòǶʲôͼɣһü˵ģﻹе㺦¡
һֱѳ³һõѡҲûģʱԼ̫ˣҲ÷ë
̫ˣҶãΪһҪˡǰ飬ͷĵĽҶĺðɡ
һôһ˵³ЦĻش
ĲǣĲҾͷˡ
ֺͳ̰غյĴѾķˣһһ³Ҫɡ
ģҾԲġ³ַģȷԺһû˿Ů֮顣
˵˵˭𣿡
㡣
³Щ뱯˵Ļ䵱С
һ޲ߣôˣ
Ҵѧҵʱ˾֢Ѿɹˡ
³ͷôǶ¡
ǸҲ֪¡
ûϵҽ㳤ɡԸҲǺһСǿֻϴˣ˵ʲô
³ЦĻİ¹⣬һʱЩ㱣ô˸롣
㡭
û¶ȥˡ³Ĩһһĵ绰/װµġ
ʱίһ°ɣǱ߻а취ġʵڳ³һֺһҲͦõġ
³
û³һЦЦڹͦõġ
лл㡣ллһĲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ⱥúùķ
ǣһɻ˭
ܻмŵĹŶӡ
ֺͼŵĹŶҲ֪˶á˼ȥõĽ취ҥԲơ
ҪҥԲƣͱҪѩͳ̰غϡ
ܣͬҸ鿴ĻЩҲ˵ʲôҲ˶ʵԲɴӶС˵
һҲǶԺһ˺
Ҳֱ˵ֱӱҥĻ𣿡
ΪʲôһҪأ
ܣЩҥҲǵˡ
ǰ뿴ǳ˵ʲô£˳ͣѻ𣿡
ŶȲ߰ɡֺһش
ԣû˻ӦĻһѲţɱ˻˵͵ĻӦûȽš
ѩͳ̰غҲǵˡ
ҪϣǿԽͣҥԲƣǾͿԸԸϡ
ЩŶӶǶõĹŶӣ˵Ļһĵֺò
˵˵Ӧôȥϵ̰غպáȻѡüģָһ鷳ˡ
ܼ򵥣ڹһЩͿˣǳ㹻Ч͸ˡ




ʮ  ˻ϲ˿
 

ܣ̫ŵܹˡó̰غյţ
ֺʲô̰غտЩͷƺֺǺܻӭ
˵Ҫ
̰غüû˵
ǳǼǲ̰غ˵ֻԼˡ
̧ͷĿһۣ³֡
¡
ǡµ˼Ǽǲûʣ³̰غһԼȥ
£̰غ˸׼
ֺһҲֱɳϡ
̰غտһôˣ˺幣ֺǵڶ
£
мæֺͷȷʵ£ûµĻҲרܵ
˵̰غջǸ䲻ӣ϶˵
԰ҸæһҲ֪ǹ˾ĹŶӸңһ㡣
̰غֶһ£Ϊ˺һģʲôʱһĹϵôˣ
һջعһ˴źҲ⣬ҲϣΪܵɡ
˵ҲЩƴҲػסˣȴһһεΪ⡣
أƾʲôֻҪֺڣ̰غվһӦ3
֪һ˵һ㡣
ֺԸϣҲòϡ
̰غǳ˳飬˵ˣһȷʵһ
ͬ⣬ҿԺһ£һڵƷƳ߳һǵƷơ
гˡ
ô֣̰غնҪƷƣֳҲӦ̸á
ģ𣿡ҵӢֺ²ۣʱҲ̸⡣
ãǾƷơ¸Ƴʦѡ
ۺʱεأҪȨЩύĵ
ã˵ʲôУֻҪ㰴˵ȥܹĵһҶ𣿡
ֺѾƽôֻܹ࣬úһع
³һڵֻѾըĲˡѵôǿ󣬾һֻΣֻ²ֱع˰ɡ
ܿ£
ţϡ˵̰꣬غֶһ:Ͳˮһ𣿡
һһܵõ̰غûеͷ֮ǰֺܺͺһһ
̰غյĻֺЦ
ܺЦ𣿡
Ц𣿳̰غգ㲻֪ʲôϲϲһ˵ʱ򣬾Ժ󲻸һ㶼õġֺ
̰غû˵ʲôʣһ
ǰɣҲôдתˣ
ҲǣҲ˵С
ҿ֪˵ʱڶϲǺһ֣Ҫcueѡ
Ǻأܲɣ
¥ϵѰ˼ŵҲûʲôɣôкúùܺԼƯС
Щ۶ڵ̳ϵһƵµģѾкܶ˻ָǣֿʼ
ѵû˾ع˼ֻźܶ𣿻ôȥ籩
ʲô̫ˣ
Ӭ޷ĵһǾһʲôƲ硣
Լ֣˼ҳúÿҪǳ̰غҿ϶ѡúÿġ
һЩۡûеƵ֪Ƶﵽʲôݡ

ЩѵۣɢһЩ
һ֮󣬺һ꣬㿪ǸƵ
غҪҪͦġѩ
ѵõǣ̰غվȻԹ죬ԵѩΪĶ
Ȼ΢Цˣ궫֮Ƶĳ̰غվȻ΢΢ǣ
˶֪̰غɽЦһЦһҪˡ
غգʱҪҪһȥһҲ֪ЩôģҲ˭ҥһڿ϶ܰɣ
ܳѩųó̰غôĵʱһԼ
Уġ̰غյͷһ֭
Ƶ̶̵ֻĲӵʱ䣬ȴЩתڷ硣
ҺһѩǱߵġ
һֺùźһ̹رҳ
ܡ
ûɧ˰ɣȻǳ̰غа취
ֺ֪ԼǾԲһġ
ǳ̰غ˵а취ѩ˵ֺĻ
ڿûʳԡ
ҽģ̳ϵǸƵ
һź֪ˣ³˵ˣ֮ǰֺ͹Ŷô¡




ʮ  
 

硭ô׸ѩΪίĵͷ˿Ż
ûԼҳ̰غȥ˵ţֺֿˡ
ţȥдӽ쿪ʼٷųһҲǡ
˶٣ѩ:˭ֵ֧ǣϣǶֺ̫ġ˵ġ
仰İʾζʮ㣬һһ֪вѩ
Ȼѩɫ৵һ²Ұ
ܾúܾõʱҪ̫ţֺСꡣ
ζڶʱֺѾʼڹ˾ææ£Ұѹ˾һ۷塣
ֺͳ̰غһǲ˲š̰غհѳ޵⣬ֺҲ̫޵һҵ
̫ֺжߣҲҪѩ͡
ǣˡ˵꣬һɢ
ѩҲΣֺô˾ġҲ̸Сˡ
ͲǸ𣿡һǽü
Ѿ˵ˣǲ϶ô
ֺεسЦЦҲֻЩ
ǲǻҸ˵ллһЦԼ̫ˡ
ϲĸоǷʲôƵġȻԷʵΪԼá
⵹Ҫ֪ģΪʲôҶĸԸġ
Ѿһ׹ܺһûиӦ֪µġ
ҾЩˡôûиӦˣ ˵֮䲻ܡ
ϲҵȨֹң𣿡
Ķģû򶯺һ
ٽһ˵ת˰칫ңţɴ䡣
ٽֺߣһȻȤ
ô찡ѩҵĸûˡСÿͨԱ֮ǲһǧǮĹء
1000Ǯڵ۶ÿ½һķˡ
ܼҪǮѩôһЩͷɱźͰ׵ݡ
ǸҿԶһǧǮĻʡҸҲԱͨԱиȨ
ÿ¸ǧǮˡ2000Ǯһͷء
棬ģС̲ᣬ̧ͷϲĿѩ
ȻΪҸ㿪Ц𣿡ѩͷֻ﷭С˺š
ڿʼΪڣһһתȥ
𣿶һ޿ģˣ
޴ϲͷСѾ˲ÿˡͷֻĽ˶ţþöز
ѩûԭش㶣Լת뿪˾
ܣСˡš
ȻЩͷۣڻܾܾѩļ档
Ͼһǵ»һȶȵġ
غաһ̰غգѩ˶ˣý߿ɰ
󵨵߹ȥڳ̰غյĴϣѿֳʶȤ˳ȥ
̰غ۾ȻЩãʲôʱôˣ
غգܵίˣ㰲οο
ѩԸ⣬䱾§סĲӣĶߺ
ҪҶ𣿡̰غϲӴ
סѩһ£ȴҲԹԵķſ
ԺȻ̲ס
ǰ첻úõôˣ
ǰԼʱԼвءںһûг֮ǰȻ̰غղϲҲһѵΡ
̰غ֪ѩôĻƻЦɣʲôѣûϹ
һ̰غûô
ҾˣԴһԺͱˡ
ѩЩ˵˼Ŀ
㵽ʲô£ս
غҵĲãңҾĺòã
Ϊܼ޸̰غգ֪С͸Ŭ֮ǰֱŬǲΪ֪ࡣ
żȻ˵̰غϲᵯٵŮӣȥѧ٣˰ٰۺԼ۵Ҫ졣
ֳ̰غϲǴͳ̰غջ٣Ҳȥѧ٣ȫ֮ǰࡣ
ֻҪǳ̰غϲԸȥѧΪĲܹһԼ
⡣⣬Ͳϲ
Ծѩôģϲ
ΪʲôҶ飿ѩ񣬼ʡ
Ϊʲô㲻𣿡үӵƣôܻѩ顣
غգûϵڲϲңҲŬϲҵġ
ͻȻѩһɵģЦдᣬòϧ




ʮ  æ
 

ѩαأô࣬ûҪһֱԼϡ
Ҳ
ûʲôѽүүϲҶ԰ɣ㲻ϲҲúҽ顣
뵽ѩЩմմϲǸ߸ϵĳܲó̰غգǱŮŵĳ̰غա
󻹲ǵүӵĻԹȢԼ
ǵò̰غյģҲĳ̷ˣվߡ
̰غƲһۣ񾭲ƽϡ
غô˵ǲѽҲٲôĮ
ûУҪүӣȥɣҪҡ
ԭΪ˺һ¸ѩһɽһȫǸӣʵûġ
Ϊʲô㣿δޣǺ
æûմ񾭲
ŶҲԣ˵һ飬û
˵ǰεģ̰غǴŮġ
ͻȻһŮߣʲô£
ľٶʲôè棬Ųš
ҪûµĻߡʲôëܹ
ѩҧҧ۾ͮͮת߳ȥ
տǡ÷ֳ̰غеŮվſ׼ţһְҵװഺա
ǡȻѩѾ³ˣһ¡
ǳܵ顣ŮӲ˼ЦЦָԼĹơ
ѩһۣЦôôһ
λСû°ɣŮ֣ѩǰ˻Ρòȥȷʵܶʹһ¡
ŮԼϲߣôԡ
ѩӦȴװһ㶵ģ
ŮЩżˣæһ˭֪ѩȥ漴һҽС
ҵĽţʹغգҵĽš
Ÿ߸ЬʮףΪıͱȽСҲһ
ǳ̰غղһ̰غյĸһװ˰ˡ
Լ̫ˣվڳ̰غյ߻˾ò䡣ԣѩϲ12cmߵĸ߸Ь
ѩģ̰غüȥվ߹ȥ
ôˣ
ҡҲ֪ŮЩţһûأôˤôˣ
غգҵĽźۡѩԼĽšһ̧ͷˮĿų̰غա
̰غüҲ֪ѩǼ١Ѿ˿ߣĻܻӰ쵽һǱߡ
뵽̰غޱȥҽԺɡ
⣬ô°úõĽôŤأ
үѶѩűĽţۡ
ҽ˵û£ͺáֻŤѣû˽ûǵģ׶ôףôСָ
ʲôû¶ʲôͺãүùȴһ³̰غա
ôչδ޵ģѩѾδˣôĹ˾أ
ʱɱҵ
үүذغյ£ԼСġ
ѩ֣ųүүֱ۵
⺢ôôСģҲ̫ˣҶѾȥʹˣ˵СӵǵĻ
үӵһ۳̰غգһϧĿѩ
ǵģԼСġ
ѩ͵ҡͷΪ鿪ѡʵֻóүӸȷǵĻ
ѩ£үү
ѽүүĲĴ黹ǰغеأҵһοغŮ飬һܺãһһǹġ
ѩǳЦţ۾ﷺŹ⣬֪˻Ϊء
Ů飿үץסص㣬۾̰غա
ѽúƯЦһͦϲġ
̰غЦʲôƨż˼һΣϲʲô
ѩ㰲ˡүֻ仰תһγ̰غҪѩˡ
̰غ֪ҽԺһ㣬үǱ߻÷衣
Ϊ֤δ֮ʵУҲӦҽԺ
Գ̰غպVIPµĿƻõӰûôѩ
үϣƯŮ黹ǸһĻѩˣ
ŮˣԲڳ̰غյߣƻǳ̼Һּҵ
ĸܲõ鰡
үһ˾ֱɱ鴦õʡ
ǡӵ֣ǰƶһ
֪ˣӱ˸ѩһ̣֪кӹ
ֻŮ˲˽ŮˣһʼȷԼûѩȷûѩ




ʮ  
 

ִֵزүӡѩǲڳˡ
δϱ˵ģȷʵͦᡣ
óүӸų̰غհһĿġ
ȻģȷʵˣܱǸѾΪԼʲôˡ
ȻүôǾҲ͡
㲻Ҳˣӽ쿪ʼ㲻غյˣؼҰɣ
ôôƯŮӣڳ̰غ˼ôԸ⣿
ǳǩҵʱǩ꣬Ų¡
ƾʲôѵΪŮ˵ˡԳ̰غҲûзǷ֮밡
պͬϵԼΥԼ𡣡һߡ
˼ѩȻû˵ʲôлү
һ˼ҳƯһ˵˼Цһ
ôԣүĻҲȨϼʮˡ
⻹ǵһ³ܵɡԳ̰غ˵ͦġ
غղ£Ҳ𣿡үƲһʲô£Ϲʲô
ǳܡô˵أǳ̰غմѧѧá
ҲΪͥѣ֮Щ̰غŰ˼ҵġҲΪܹһ
˵ȥүûء
˵ҲΪŮӺáѩƢСѳڲϲ顣
ڳ̰غյߣ֪ѩԺôΪء
үӴӳϳûã̰غҲҽԺ
ջع˾˵˳үӰߵ¡
üͷ̶ͷʾ֪¡
ǳܡҪһ𣿡ЩãһǳүӣһڶƳϵĳ̰غգ֪Ҫ˭ġ
ʲôɸģڣ̰غտ˿ڡ
˵ƵС㡣
̰غյͷ֮С
С˵⣬һɡΪĻǾͺýˡ
ѩϲװˡһҲ⡣飬Ҳ˵ʲô
ллܣȥһˣүӸΥԼˣҪҪû
ϲ⣬ǳ̰غպãȻƽʱģôǸġ
㿴Ű죬ҽԺǱߴߵüʱȲҪû
⼸Ǯǳ˵ʲôɶ˵˵ǾǾǮ
ã
Ҳû죬ҪסԺѩװģĳԺ
Ժĵһ飬ѩȥ˳ϣ֪үĻһȥǸ鷳
үӵ·Ӧòڳ˰ɡ
С㣬ôˣĽźõ費Ҫҷȥ
ս˾ţǰ̨߹꺮ů
ѩװһӣ££ͷ
ô˼أòˣó̰غտڶͻˡ
ûϵûϵҷȥɡ𲻰ź˵ûˡ
飬Ȼ˼ʱ䲻ȴǹ˾﹫ϵģ
֮󲻽ѹþɹ
ɵ󻹲ΪѩôһˤͰүӸˤˣ
̫ллˡѩ΢ЦԼݡ
ʵĽҲŤˣˤȥʱֻе˽Ŷѵ·ûġ
ˣ⼸غææѽ
˵𣿳ܰͦæļ춼ڼӰࡣûƭѩ̰غվͦæġ
֪æЩʲô𣿡ææʲôû˵
æһĿɣҲ̫
ǰ̨ЦЦ֪ҲˡҵܡѩĻּͥô
ɴ˿ɼﻹȽҪ˾¾͸Ӳܸˡ
ã֪ˣллˣҵˣȥɣȥɡ
ѩ߳ݣǰ̨ڰ֡
вҵð͵ܲð칫ȥ
Ȼһ·ֳʲô۶ӣүҲҪˣ
ѩûܾԼ߹ȥŵõ߽֮ͬȥ
һΣѩûȴŬԼ
ȵ˵ʱϵıƽǼûʲô
غգ磬һǶءǸôûǵ
ǳү߹Ѿǵ˰
ܲãˡ
һβǰ̨ߣɲ˻ˮ
ôѽǲ͵͵˵ʲôܣѩ£һһյ߹ȥⰤų̰غ




ʮ  ź
 

̰غüźۼԶ㡣
㲻ҽԺ𣿡֮ǰ˵Ҫ˰ɣ
ȻŶҪˣôԺǳԺ˲úܵʲô
ⲻ⼸춼ȥ˼ңҶˡ
ѩܲ˵һѱס̰غյֱۣһǵģ
ڲĻ֮ɡ
˵ʱֺƲһѩʲôϣϷĵط
磬ûϵģǾ͵Ҳ˵ţѩû˼ҳ̰غյϡ
飬СϢҡǻ˵£ѩϹ͸
ҲȥҾұ֤ԹԵĲǡ
ѩ͵ҡͷ̸֪ʲôһҪ֪
ȻһĶûңһۺһأôģ
̸£ڳֺ۾ˣҲҪϡ
磬˵ĻʲôѽѩЦƵָźһԵ޹ǹĺһǹû˵
ҲһεҪ֮һ̰غյȻڣһΧ
Ҳ̫ŵһһء
ѩɲģͲںһ֮¡
ǳϡ̰غյòͷָʲôϵ
˼ܣҸ˵䡣˵ֺһվѩ߳ȥ
ѩ⣬ֺɫ
ҪֻؼңʲôҲӶˡ
磬ǰ㶼ǺܳҵġôˣĴ̣
ںڵľǰ̫ˡڵѩŻ޷ȡ֡
ǲΪһ
ôֳһˣͲܴԼ𣿡ʲô˼Һһǹԩġ
̸ʲôѩͷһſڡ
Ǻϵ顣ûйϵϽȥڵϢҡ
ֺһ˵
̰غղǣ磬ҿ㣬԰㣬ȡ֡ǳ̰غյ㲻ǲ֪ԽճԽ㡣
ڳ̰غʮˣ
ѩ룬ҲǣǰʱΪæչûôҳ̰غա
ټʱ򣬳̰غյ̬ûôˡ
֪ͺãԣȥڰɡ
׻ԼãֺˣŻôʧεġ
ֺôһ˵ѩŹԹԵȥ˸ڵϢҡ
ˣǼֺ߻ȥŴϣ˵
ȾƷƵ֡
ȻƷƣҲ˫ȡġѩûи̰غպºһЩ
һӦýʲôֺѾȨһϡ
һЩֺܳһƷƵʱЩܲסȡǲЩ̫׵
Ͻ˵̰غɫһĥĥ˷ʱ
Ǿͽ˵ɡ
պðѳֶֺںϽȥˣҲǸߴƷƵ顣
á
ͬ⡣
̰غպֺͬʱһЩΣôĬʲô
Ȼֶˣֺ˵ʦѡȨҡ
ǵʱǶºԼʱ˵ġ
Ƕһ⣿ֺüúһƻͦġ
Ǻ⣬߻仰˵ʲôɼҶ𣿡
¹죬ϲʵ˵óɼ˵Ϊֺĸ˿ȥʦ
ҲǷǵ˵ʦһ̰ܳغյ˵ȷʵûгɼҲûñ˿ʵ
һҾͦġ΢巶˵ܲȥ
΢ǹһ츳ʦҲʦ
ֻҪ˵Ǹʦ϶ǲġ
ֺöѡ̰غպĿڣְộֺܻźһʱ
ȻܶҲ⣬ҲܵġһһĿȷʵЩѶȡ
Ҫǹ˾һλʦֺЩ̫Ѻãϲ˷񶨺һ
³
̰غ³֡˵ʦҲƣܳ죬Բ
³ʲô˼һѵĿҪЩĿ˭
ֺһѡ˭ãƫѡһæɹĳ³
£޹ءԵ˰ԵǰԵ̰غѹûЩֻҪõʦ
˳³㻹бѡ𣿡ֺŬԼҳ³ǻؽġ
ûУҾͿ˳³һ㱦ĺһǷ򡣡




ʮ  Ŭѧϰ
 

ңǻиҪչԺ˵Ϊ˼ٰͥɡ
̰غζĿһô˵ܼƽȥ
ƲмͥԱ𣿡̰غԸһȷʵЩˡ
ҪչˣûΪྲྀġ
ûšһ˵ǰһ˵ǡˣôܷأ
ˣ̰غաֺĿ۾зŭ
̰غսôˣǰϧΪŭǣǲҪԭǰɣ
ܡҲῪڣʾ˵ס
Ȼ֪̰غղˣ˵ĻͲˡ
˵Ҫչ˼ͥϸ̫ûܸȰɡ
ҪչĸףҪչСԼʮĵܵܡ
ûжãһϰٵ°ȴѾǼҳ㷹
Ϊ˳̰غջȨҲԳٵ԰ѹؼҡ
ɴ˿ɼ̰غղƲмͥҪչ˵Ա
ȻûŵĻһأʲôЦ̰غնô˵ˣѵ
һһվԼְҪ߳İ칫ҡ
ѡˣĳ̰غղ䲻ȵƺżּЦ
һҧҧ촽תͷλϣ
ֺΪѣҲֺЦ
һǸʦôҲǺܿġ
ֺҲų̰غգá
Ȼô֣ҲôʶͰѳ³ϵĿҲðѳ³
ֺƽʱעòǣ̸ҲãڳҲգֻᣬ˼ۡ
Ϊ˺һ䵫ʲôˣϲ
һллܵĽˣȻһҪѳ³Ŀ˭
ֺǣǰͰѳ³ĿһͺãⲻҪĽô
л
͵ɣպ̸һߡ
˵ֺ꣬źһ߳ȥ̰غյںһϣɫЩѿ
еۡ
㲻Ϊô̰غʲôˣֲǲ֪
һЩЦʵûô⡣˵ˣ̰غղıͰԵŶжࡣ
ľ㲻ԲŻĿ˭֪̰غվȻôһ¿ɺˣúһװһҲˣô˵ô⣿
Ҳ֪ҲҾ˵ĶѽڹڣһûгɼҲûôҶҵʵ֮ɡ
ԺӻأҲᡣǷǵе˶㡣
Ҵȥط
ֺһ£ѳӹ˸䡣
ȥĶ
ȱܡ
ȣ
ԣȡ
һҶصƷƳıܣǰѧʱְֺıܵζǱĵطûеġ
˵ǲëϢĺͣĴԼܹܶɸֵҧгݵ߶
㡣̰غͷҲ̧רĹ
ʲô㣿һʱ֮ûӦ
в㡣ԼôһֱͺһϹ
ޣ̰غ˵û˼ҺһƷȷʵͦģ㲻ƷƵϯʦͨʦҲ԰ɣﲻҪ˼ң
һѪû³ҪӦúһƷƵʦĻǾԼˣ
㣬û˵ˡе˶Կó˭˭û
һȷʵǱûгɼھҪóɼ˵ġ
ʲô㣿ô϶˼㲻֪΢巺ܿ𣿡
һ˵ʱܴ̫ǱǽǣѺһڹ
гɼ˵ûгɼû˵ˡ
Ȳ˵ڲдʦ͵̫ڲҲкܶʦ
İֺ˵ǿаһⲻǰϣ׷
ӴӴӴһȻӣգۡ
˰ܵô㻹һһ𣿡
˺òã̰غһҪôľͷ
ʲôˣ̰غյж
Ҹ㻹ʲô˴˰һ𳤴ʲô֪ܲ𣿡
幵ˣ˵ǼҪôʦҪô̸й٣ѧٶɡ
ϳ̰غջϤˣĦһڻ¡
˵ˡ




ʮ  ְ
 

ǣôͲȰأ
ģĿڣίίĿ̰غա˭֪˼ѹû
Ͳһ𣿡£ǲ˼
̰غͷҲ̧ȷʵһ졣
㡭ţ幻˵ʲôڴֻֻȽӵ绰
ι˭İ룿
ҡǱߴůŴŴһʱ֮ûӦ
˭壿ʲôʱ˸ֶӣ
ཡǱߵС˶ͷһȥʦ
ôôǵҵĵ绰룿и߹Сûܲᱳɣ
Уĵ绰ôüǣͼǵסˡ
һڿʱһȥò͡
幸Сӣܼǵסĵ绰Ļ͸õ⡣
ǸʱཾͰĵ绰סˣ
ѽСӣ绰ҸԵˣ
ǵһζţΪ̰غյ¶
ΪҳԲ𵰸ҲŲΪء
Ҫ򲻵ѣ˭
У˵ҸһһİģǺһĺ롣
׶԰һ𣿡˵ིô۾ȥһԱվŵʦ
ȥ׶԰ðɣšҲûʲô¶ȥСô˰ɡ
˵绰һѽΰغ
Ӧȥģʲô¶
ȥСѰѵղŲǰӵ绰
Ӧġȥ
ѽҵĺóܣһȥ
˵ˣѧʲôŮ
ȥһǸûᣬϺһͳ̰غĺûᡣ

Ҿͼˣ̰غգغո磬ܣС̡̳
һСʱ²Ϊ̰غһ˱ۣܲ˺幡
֣߰ɳܡŻָСֻҪжĳ̰غվһá
˵׶԰һ·ͨߵ칫ҡһ칫ҾͿླྀһСкͷվʦǰ
ཡ
ˣ幵۾һתͷ̳˹ȥ
ãཱུ𣿡Ǹʦһ̰غպͺһŵվ
ǵһΣΪ̰غգ׶԰˶ҪDNA
ǡ幱ƣʲôʱཱུˡ
С˶ĳ˳·۾ϣĿ
СѣλССѴˡ˵ʦһСк
̰غտһۣ΢΢㵣ôܴ
СдҲøļҳ
ʦЩΪѣེר֣Сεһ飬ϵġ
Ҳˣ㿴ҲԼĸ첲
Ȼ沼żѪۣǱָ׻ġ
ȻСѶдΪʲôֻǣ
广һ۰칫ңСεļҳû
СεļҳѾ·ˡʦЩ˼ҲܲúӴ
ʦʦͼҴһλˡ
ţôˣǸ㿴Сε˹ȥۡ
ηˣСུˣ԰˫ҳһ¡
ҪССҲˡȷʵ˵еء
߼ҳָպҪЩʦŰء
˭˭ҼұǸ۾һתͷཡ
ģ⺢ôأûмҽ̵ģûǣҸ㣬ǾԲܵģҳأҪǮ
Ůɷôˣ
ϾҲСŵԴһƬհײ֪롣
˵ʱ˽һȥ
ЩȵĿų̰غգû뵽Ȼȳ֡
˭ǿ̰غʲϢǸ˵Щ
ְô˵ˣǸĺӣûи׵ġ
š̰غյͷϬĶŮˡ
ʦʹǵΪʲô𣿡ʱ幼ʱʵ
ʹˣСཱུߣཽ⡣Сλһ۸ལŻ֣˲Ŵġ
ҲΪʲôʦ½˭˭ԭСòԣȷʵСαȽء
⻹ʲô˵λ㲻úùԼĺӣҪ뵱ִ򲻹




ʮ  Ҫ˵
 

ЩζĶŮˣһ˼ལͷȴԼҵĺǵĻ
Ҳ֪˭ûмҽ̣ۡ
Ҿһ棬һôˣСδǾĴ󺰴С
ûͬҵߣȲʼΪ͵ﶼû̹𣿲ҲǣǶģ
Ҳش⣬ǿǺһߡùģһֱϲġ
ҾͿ̫СˣСβʾٴκȥ
干ЩͷۣԭΪʲô£ڿǵýһºһ
Ͼһļҳ
ʲôߣŮ˿һԼĶӣʹ˸ɫ
ʦϵһܷɻ
ҵģңطɻĥ˺ܾúһһŸġ
ӴҵʱʲôزһƷɻ𣿿ôֵôصִҼҶ𣿡
Ů˵žָཱུı
裬ǱСˤġ
ʦЩΪѣλ費֪ңطɻɲˡ
ǮĸˣҶӵҲҪҽҩѣһҪx⣬˭ֵ֪ĺжأСС;ô񶾣һú
֮ǰ̰غôལŲ̫֡
ڿ񲢲ôལ˲޷
˵˭úͻȻһǷŭб䡣
һ첽߽ȥһѽཱڻŭŮˡ
Ǹ
裿ҪԼúýĶӣ˵˵һΣСС;ô񶾣һᡭ
ž
İ쳹칫ңˣ̰غգδĺһ
ȻҴң
һİһ۾һ˪ޱ顣
㡭
裬侲һ£Ҫ֡ʦҲżǰȰ衣
ĺˣҵĺӾͲǱҪٸһҼһδһΡ
һߣ۸ûϵ˵дҲûϵལ̲ˡ
Ҫȥ㣡Ů˺ָۣźһıӴ
㾡ȥҵҪô죡ҪҪǮĻðҴһƾ͸һٿ飬ˡ
˵źһͷӰ200Ǯϡ
㡭
Ūģ˵һֿһңطɻ
ǵģм֤ʦҲһ£Ҳ̵ͷ
ܺãҸģ۸28888ҸĨȥͷˡ
һѹ¼ҳٵǵǰ
ǲôߵģ֪ʲôԽǮûһرĸ
Ǽǰյʱ򣬺һϲʲô
ྲྀ˵ָǼܷɻСڴʧֻ˵Ҫһ¡
˭֪֮ཾһֱܹԵİ˵Ҫȡһܷɻ
һʵڲʧҧҧǰˣ
˵߷ɻ˭أŮ۾ôô
˼ңطɻȻ˵ߣϱС͵ģԵ˻Ӱʧʹá
һֺڿƼߣ幵ǺܺΪʲôһôߣ
һδУˣҼҲˡһ˵һǹཱུõǰ
ȻҺҪһܣǾͲҪҼཱҺ
ⶼʲô˰ںҲ֪ͨҲͽֺ͹ˡ
һôôǮߣò͵İɻĸ˵Ĵ
Ů˻Ӳֶ
ˡʱ̰غڿڡ
ҪҰʦй𣿡
̰غտŮˣոһֱ̣ȻDNAིĺӣ̲ཡ
˵ЦˣⶼǺӼĴ֣ôܽʦأûҪôġ
ʦ֪̰غյж̳ϡࡣ
ҪĴ˾ʦҲҪǣɡ
ҿͦбҪġüŮôôѵôУ
ޣһ裬ǶڲҵģͲ⺢ӵĸסʲôʸ£
Ůһɫһ£ֲ
ô֪Ҳף̰غտڣŮ˻ǲ֪ô
ܣǴҶ֪ģǸûаְֵˣ
ʦɡһЩ۵İڰ֡ȥ˼Ҳ˷ʱ䣡




ʮ  Χ
 

һһ֪ԼĶ׶԰ﾹȻܵ˺
С£õŽʦ𣿡Ůˣºһºһˡ
һǸһӣĮǸʱضԭ뿪硣
԰԰ʱͷ̧ͷģɣǻЭһô졣
ʦҲ˵ֲźۼŮ˵·
ԶԶԣȻʦô˵ˣҼҺӵĴǮ
׻ˣȻһһͲǣ
ղҲͦˬˣԣԼùһ㣬ôܲ⣿
ǮԣҪǮһҪǸҼཱུǸһЦǲúҲŮ˲ú
㡭Ů˵ɴ۾˲ˣҪһӵǸ
ô㲻Ը⣿ֻҪǸѣûôأ
ãҵǸСѣĲԵĵطԲ𡣡
ʦİʾŮ˴Ҳ֪һĳ̰غǲãֻùԹԵǸ
УǺ¸ѧڱ׶԰ˡ
һĮĿǸӣ񶾵ѵС
ССͺõĲѧƫƫҪСҪɿСѹıཡ
⡭
⣿̰غ̧ۣѹ˲ֵһЩ
úúáŮ̴Ӧǲ˼ǡ
ãھת˸ңܷɻȻôϲǻȥɡҲˡ
ŮҧŴͷ̧ͷʱֳ̰غڶԼ
˲䣬Թóֻתˡ
õ˽һҲһѣཱߡ
һͳ̰غǵӰʧڰ칫ҵſڡ
ŮȲʦ:ʦ˾ʲôˣ
Ů˼Ҳʦ֪ģɸղȴһٶİʾԼҪͳ̰غӲգҪͺһӲա
ô˵Ǹ˿϶Ѱˡ
֪ϼǳϼŵܲá
ʦ̾һСεͷԭСμҵĺôģҲƫ̻СΡ
һͨ绰˵Ҫ˭֪ǳ̰غյѣ
̰غյһ˲䣬֪һﲻСμˡ
ཱུİְ֣ţϵܲõĶӣôֲܻϲµ׶԰
һǡǻѡ㲻ֹϵֻҪͳ̰غճϹϵǾúһûа취
ལӦԺ飬һҪ֪ͨ衣ҪǺûǽཾҪίˣ
ι˵Ͳлл𡣡
ǴӳǱų̰غܹģ˭֪Ҫʰ̯ӡ
壬лл㡣ûȺһڣཾ˵
лüȴע⵽СѺʧ䡣
ôˣܴӮˣڳҲӮˣ㻹İ
˵꣬һѽཱٵĸ߸ߵġ
һͳ̰غЩεĲǰУǵĺ档
졭лл㡣һҪûг̰غڣǸŮ˿϶ưոݡ
Ҳǿ̰غڲŻôҷġǸŮˣҲͦ۵ġ
˳ġǱģˣҡལȷʵͦϲӡ
šС㻹ðɡʱΪҪ̸̫һˡ
ͻȥˡԲ
šһҲ֪Ӧú˵ʲô
ң˹ϵԽԽΡ
˵ཱུĸ׵顭
֪Ρһ˵ǧͷȻ뿪ô죿
š̰غջһޱ飬ϲŭ֡
һ·ԣֻǰĺ幺ڳ֣·ղŵĲûз
һ
ţһЩֵĿȥǽֺȻȥô
ֺȻźһ֣ȴ̰غǱߡ
ô׳ʲô飿
һȱܵģ˭֪һææ˵Ҫ׶԰һˡ
Ŷ߳˵飬Ǻ幰æȽˡ
һṵ̂غյ֣ҪľֺԼͳ̰غա
̰غҲڰѩ˵æ˰ͻȥˣΪæء
˵ʲܣղ̰غպͺһһ׶԰߳龰
ȥôƽãֵǶԣʵ÷ţ˵ʲôҲˡ
˺Űغչģһת͡
Сѣڿ𣿡ཷͷ




ʮһ  ؼ
 

ģǰ㲻ƭҡոջʧС˶ڵǿĲ٣Ҳ֪幸˵ʲô
áָƭ˵С
СߣЩмС=ʲôĲˣҪƭңҾְ֡
С֣ơ
ۣ𾪹ĺЦСˣⶼǴĶѧôɧĻ
һ˵ҪЦ
һҲ𾪣û̹཰ǰùԵġ
ǣ......һҲ֪ô͡
ɵʲô飬һνҵġོһģ̵ģϣ
ţ˿幣ʲô
һκȿȵʱò͵ʱʲôˣ˵............ָų̰غյֱһס˳ס졣
ʧ߰ʧߣСôʲôǵס绰סҲˣɧǵá
幡̰غձƴú幻һ
ʲôͯ޼ɣͯ޼ɣ̫⡣幺ٺһЦʱСһֱ̰غպĹϵ˵һ֡
ལԺô˵һƲԣ
Ŷߣ˵Ͳ˵
һؼҡֺҵᣬһ۳̰غգ۾Щơ
ãལ˵ټһҲΣڻ߱ȽϺá
ʲôСˣ㲻ȥҿ𣿡һסһ𰡣һ˶ħ
ʱԣԱá̰غղᷢĺ幣ֺ
ºͳûйϵɣֺͷϹ΢Ц幵ͷźһĸϳ
̾һ̰غѼӵ׻ǱȲ˼ֺ˼Ҷ
˼ҿ˾δŮδޣɱȲ˼ҡٲһ涼
幡̰غתͷ۾Σζʮ㡣
......ȰһûгԷأȥԷ......˵ţһˣ̰غտıӰû˵ʲôȥ
ͳ̰غգǲһֱϵͣںһſڣСѾ˯ˣΪ̫ۣΪġ
ûСһشͳ̰غȷʵûϵǺ幣Ǻһʱ平ϳ̰غգû
......Ĳཱུĸ˭𣿡ֺ֮ǰǾ֮ǰĲںֱղȥȡһļʱ˼Ƭһݵʱ˲ÿĶ
Ҳ˵͵ڰɡһЩۣҪô˵
Ҳܸô˵𣿡ֺһβ˲ĺȷϣ쿴ǲġ
ֺ㵽˵ʲôһЩ˵˵ˣΪʲôҪ
𣿡ȻѡͷֻóƬҳһ
㡭ô˭ȥŪģ
Ƭϣǳ̰غպཱུӼ档
Ҽҵ鷿ֵģҼҵ鷿䡣һҰְģһҺõģҺõ鷿ҾͲˣԼһ䡣
ֺջֻƵĽͣһ߿źһ顣
ҵģ
һԴһƬհף̰غջ᲻֪ˣ˵Ǿ仰ǲǾʹ֪ĺӣ
һļܾǰˣǹõ鷿ȥãͿ
ֺ̾һĶ
ѩı棿ֲãҲ֡һ͸ѩཱུˣҲֻȷϰˡ
㲻˵𣿡ֺЩô飬ҲѰɣһΪʲô˵
ֻǲ֪ô˵Ҳܽԭ𣿡
һҲ̾˿Ȼֺ⣬ӦǻῼǸſġ
ԣֺȺۣһѽץ
ͳ̰غյʲôϵΪʲôһӣ
ྲྀѾôˣѾˡʶˣֻװʶѣ
ģҺĲʶҲֻǸ⡣
һҪֺ֣κλᡣ
ô죿ֺ۾ᶼҪ
ңӦô죿˵šһѽһرڻͷļ
ȷſңֺûúøͣû˵
һҲ̫̫󶯾ںѹֳҲ֪ô͡
Ҹô죡ֺҲЩʧأ̫ˡ




ʮ  εľ
 

ǣֺȷſңһһͽһƵǱߡ
ûƿغȣֺôһƣײ˳ӵһߣ۵졣
ҡԲҲǹġһЩ޲ߣûŪֻƿѡ
ֺͷԳЦЦʲôǸأȶ֡
ҲԼôģɳ̰غգôķӦɣ
ǲǴûҷڰ˭Ǹ΢ˣ
ֺ˶ñǳֺ
ںһǰҲֻǸõˡ
ֺ鲻а㵱ѡһЩΣΪʲôͲԸһԼĽأ
ʵ仰˵1ǲֹʲô£
ղŶԲʧˣͰɡֺ³һԼƽ
㿴ལȷʵǳ̰غյĺӣҸ̰غգ㲻йϵ˵Ĳ֪£Ƿ˹ϵȻཡ
һεķֺӼҪȺܾԺŻֺ¡
̰غཱུ֪ĴڣҲ֪ǰǸҡҺ˵İˣԡҲͱ
һЩΪ飬ôͣڳ̰غպѩֶˣ˵ʲôôأ
̰غղϲһжһԸˡҲػţȥƻ˵Ҹ
ֺ𾪣֣ȥһһĻ۾ۡ
ǲֺͼһæ˶㣬ֺʲô֫ϵĽӴ
Գ̰غղ֪иӣ³һ˭֪
ֺȻѩȥҲӦ֪ɡ
һعʱ͸˵ˣǸʱΪҵѡڿľ
һͷԳЦЦҪ־͹̫ˡ
˼˵ѩ֪ˣعʱ֪˶𣿡
ֺһҲǣһֱԺһԭûԭġ
ԣ֪ˡһһҲãһӰе鶼ʡʡ
֪˻ֺͳ̰غն飿ô£ѩҲһ¡
ƽʱҲˣǳ̰غպͺһһĶӡôҪָ֪ô죿̰غԺڻĻɡ
һĳͨڻȢ˺һ˼Ҳֻһ˵ĻǺһѩ
Ҳ֮£ҳ̰غҲ֪£ֻҪ㲻˵˵Ҳ˵û֪
˵˺һҲܺܶࡣûϵѽûҪͳ̰غ˵£һӵġ
ôһӣͲܣôѩҲ֪һ̰غջֵᷢġ
û̫˵Ҿʹ뿪ˣҽֻһ
ʲôֺȻ̧ͷºһ˵ػµĻ
˵ϲңҲܺһȣҰ㵱ѣûǸ˼ڶңལ̰غգüϵһʲôʲôһ𣿡
Ĳܡ
飡һˤڵϣŵּҵסҰһ顣
үôˣ춼ڼˣ
Ṇ̀ͷʰˡֺӦ޾ɵĳͷ
Ǿ仰˵ܵĻǺһ˵Ļ
Ǿ䲻ܣ֪εҡ
㲻ǲ֪⼸˵Ĺϵ⡣ϲ㣬ҺһʲôԺø̰غҪ˺ӣʲôϵ
һô˵ģ׳̫࣬һӸͻشˣֻĿˡ
ôĸ߳ԼɵıӰСʰ̡
Ҳ֪ǰˡⱭӣ֪ٸˡˣǼҸ౸ЩӡȻûˡ
̵ͷһصƬЩӶùġֺۣŶۡ
ãȥð죬пȥ⺢ӵôˡ
겻ҲǸ¶Ҳȥ˾
òǸкһŮӳʲô˰ɣ
ֺصԼķ䣬ڴϿ컨塣֪ôȥԺһ֪ϲһСһôϲһˡ




ʮ  ֳ
 

Խȥ𣿡ĸֺķţһߵĶ
ڴϵһŶſڻش
ɣ
˵ְѱӸˤˣ⺢ӱˤҲˣôˮˣ
ĸеĿȪˮݸֺСͲϲԼķ˵ʡ
ǸҲСġֺӹˮšһڣٺһڣû¾Ͱһƿˮˡ
ĸЦеĿԼĶӣˮֽеƿӽӹ
ʲô벻Ը裬˵԰
˵ʵԼĶĲɵģĸ׵Ҳۡ
裡£㷢Ҫˣ˸ӣ㻹ѡ𣿡
ֻŮ˲Ů˵飬Ҳ֪ѩʲô֪ǳ̰غյĺӣֺͳ̰غն顣
ңǾԲܵġиӣõĻӰһڶûĸŮ˲Լ˽ӡ
ĸҡҡͷ
ǰһ춼ᶫ·Ҳܿգʱ̰غպּҶ֪£һô졣
˵ĺӣһ˵˽ܺһཡ
ڣǳ̰غյĶӡ̰غδ÷
ͺͺһ˵ǵĹϵ۸ӣԺô죿
֪ʲôǺһǸӵİְ
ĸ̽Ǻһ飬ӳȵԸӦòôʧ
ţҼֹϤҲˣŻôա
㷽Ǹ˭𣿡ĸɫᡣ
ҡֺҪô˵׺òײŴѩͳ̰غյĻ£ʱĸףҲһ׵ġ
ֻµʱһɹܻѺһǣ
ģǸ˭ҶɣҶһ취𣿡
֪ĪĸֻҪֺɫҲܲ³߰˷֡
ֺ˵Щԥ
ڲ˵Ҳһӣ˵ʱֹ𣬲𣿡
˻ͣѾûʲôܲ˵ˡֺҪ£ĸҲСһ׮
㿴һ¡ֺõӼݸĸ
ĸһ£ɫһ漴ָһȻ顣
˵ǳ̰غյĶӣǰغ֪𣿡
ؽӼݻȥֺͷβƽ
㲻𣿡
𾪡Ҳ𾪡
ĸҡҡͷʵ͸òµģŮѩʱǰٰΪǸкһŮˡ
Ůģ޷ǾǺͳ̰غйϵġ
֪𣿡
֪һǴѧͬѧһعʱǼ棬һ˵¶
ںʱѩ֪µġ
ǳ̰غأ
֪һһӡͱƵֽ
ã֪ˡӣúÿǿǣٰ취ô¡
裬һû˵ءֺץס:һҹ飬ҳ̰غղ֪Ǹǻһ
ȻѪеľͷߣ벻Ҳûа취
áĸ֣߳ķ䡣
ǾǣԺ󶼲Ҫһˡ
˵ûаְΪʲôְˣƭǡǲˣ˵ѻСѲǺˡ
ҲˣʱģСΣаְ𣿡
˭֪أ˵ְ֡
һȺСΧལһһĶ˵
վмͣȴһ仰˵
㿴㿴˵ˣһ˵ˣǲ˵ѵѡ
У˭Ҫѣɣ
ཱһһһмνĿǡ
㲻Ҫѣתѧѽ׶԰
ǣ㲻ѣ׶԰Ƕаְ裬ûаְ֡
Сһ壬˵Ҫ߳ȥȴΧס
ǸʲôҪȥ
㲻˵ǲȥ
˭˵ˣ˵Ѿƭ˾
һȺСڰ༶ﳳ֣׶԰쳣ͻأɾûһʦһ
ǸҳȥҲ棬ң
Ⱥཱུ쳣ŭɺɲĵΧ
һȻǲ֪׶԰ģΪһε׶԰ùһЩ
ֱʦǵĵ绰ŷԼж棡




ʮ  Щû
 

ʱúõģ˵ҽԺˣһˣ׶԰ôµ𣿡
ۣ𾪣һзŭӵ绰ʱҽԺ߸ϣʦǸཱ˴˽ҽԺ
Ҳһʱûʦ߲ʮӣСǹԤϲ
һԤϲҴ𣿡
һû֪ô졣ǣûһ۸ཱུģ˵ˣŹԲ
һʲôˣΪʲôҽԺˣϢĳ³̸Ϲ˵׶԰Ӧ÷ġ
ˣСѲ֪ΪʲôΧˡ
һ˵ţ̲ס
ģʦ԰³ָźһߵ׶԰ʦʵ
ҽȥ˿ˣʦ԰ںһû԰Ӱء
³üô飬԰ȻһۣǺϸ׶԰ء
԰أΪ鸺ԣ԰й⣬ȥ֪ͨҳǲưոݡ
³ƽȻûʲô˸˸оǳƣ飬˵һˡ
԰æģ֪ͨҳҲ޼°ֲǷԺĴƱҲһ¡
ʦǺһЩ̫Ըһ
ʲô˼һһŭ嵽ʦǰ
Ҽ׶԰ôصˣѵ׶԰Ӧøһ𣿡İ򷢵ǲǾĲȥ˾
ûв㽻ǰɣС㣬˵ˣҽƷȫ⳥һ⳥𣿡
Ϊһ飿ϴĸ飿³ǰһ
ãȻǲǾ߷ɳɡ
˵꣬³Ǹʦֺ绰:ܣҪɲФʦһæţԣٸ˵
̫ŵФҵȫʦֻҪ棬ĺѼȻս޲ʤ
ԷҲҵĵⳡϵϾǳϷɲģԼڼ䲻衣
˵Ǻαأˣ׶԰ôôе԰ɣҸһʲô鶼û𣡡
ʦһǲмŨŨĲͷ
ˣʲôأ˵ûȳ³һڣǱԶԶһˡĻǰ˲ҷϢ
΢巣һתͷþöûм/άˣô
һþò˵иӱ׶԰СȺŹˡҲȥû뵽ཾ͹ˡ
΢巸һһתͷʦ
ҼǵǼҺɣҲǼжٷ԰黹̬ȵĻͲҪˡ
˵ź΢巳ԼƬ˳ָƬǸʦĿڴ
̩ŵФʦǳŵʦҲܲǻԴƬʧˡ
˵΢巳ЦЦʦ˲Χѹ
΢巣ôˣһһץס֣ĸ׵Ļ֪Լĺôأ
Ӧ˵û£Ƥ˶ѣҪ΢ЩΪѣ˵ܻúһİɡ
ʲôҡ΢ֹӵġ
һ־϶ٻܵ˺Ӧ˵ϵûд󰭣ܳˡ
΢Ҳۣ³˵Ǹõĺӡ
ɸղӦҩʱһ㷴ӦûУҲۣ޲֣ÿ¡
ˣһûεôΪĶܽɳѾ˼
ڣȻ£
ȥ˵ɡ΢ļ򣬿һ۳³ʾѺһߡ
Ⱥһֿ֮Ǹʦ
Ҳ㱳˭㶼ˡһʶˣص˲ţ΢巵ԸҲӲ
װı磬ңǳıú΢巡
¿˵̰غûĸ΢ᡣ
ʲôϵýԴһ¡׶԰һҪǵɫġ
ţҪýԴûǳû
ǳŵĲҪһ㡣ǰǼҽſ˺򣬲Ȼţ
Ȩʰɡ
ǿΪ塣΢üߡ
ţ
ˡ




ʮ  ʧ
 

£˭ôĵӣ΢ôһ˵̰غղòɣ˹Ϊ֮ġ
ֹղҾʦű۵ģ˼Ը⳥1ǮһѾĶˡ
Ϊ̬ȶĵˣ˵һҪ֣֮úõĳͷһ׶԰
ǾͱŹǣʧɡ˵ģΪһǺӵɽֹʲôʸ˼ȥ
ϣллװı硣΢̵Ĺ˵绰ҼŵýԴ֣Ǵҽ߷;ҲܰŪûȥ
ལ衣һһ˵ӵǰ˫Щرס
裬Ҳ˵ѾԼ׽ſڣɻǾǿûпޡ
㲻˵Ѿ˭˵˵Ѿȥǣ
Ϊһǰ¡
ؼҡҡҡͷȦסһĲӡ
ãǻؼҡһͷֻཿһ㣬Ҫ׶԰¡
Сһ£һһЩҪ㡣Ӧסһһ˼ע⵽
湫ҲΪɣֲúκ΢ôϲ
СѣҽĻһҽҪ轲òã
Ӧ촽¶һЦݣ޳ָཱུͷ
ûɰѺһȦĽġ
ཹԣһؼҡ
ҲҪཱུķӦر󣬽һøˡ
˵Ҳû¶ǰ˵Ҳû¶ӦҲŭ
СľĻȥһҽΪѾӰҪʱơ⣬ÿһ͹Ұҩɡ
֪֮ǰʲôԸĺӣĽӴһǳ⡣
ã֪ˣлл㡣һͷ߳ȥ
³Ҳȥ˳ĸӻȥ
ལǻؼˣཽҪҪԵ⣬òã
ཷɳϣһͷһߺ
͵ҡͷɾͲɿһ
ǲԷġ
ѽིԷĻȥѧͲȥ׶԰ˡ
ҲҪȥ׶԰³˵׶԰֣ͫ͵Ъ˹Ĵ
ˣ輸ϵĲ豭ݺݵˤȥ
ȥ׶԰ȥǶǻˣҲȥ׶԰Ҫȥ׶԰
Ŷҡͷ˶
һһѽڻ۾ġ
裬費ã͵סطལǲȥǶȥǶ
ҲҰ͵׶԰ˣҧҧҽ̻ȥõ׶԰ҲҪѺ͵׶԰
衭衭ིشһֱźһ
ཹԣء
˵ţһǵߵһ㣬ôҲֹס
һལȥЩԵĻ
³̾һҲ֪ôᷢ飬ҶǼĺӣЩôµȥ֣
ȻǮǾҪñӵĹҪҺ߱ôȺŹĻ˵Ļȥը׶԰
ؿҺѽӽеôµģʦȥˣдҵʸ֤𣿡
˵ĺǵ׼ͥʲôʱ׼ͥҲǳΪˡ
Ȼ֮ԱЩ˵ĺӾ͸
ǺӸǼҳʦ
΢巵Чʺܿ죬ҼŹͬ׶԰ͱɢٶȺܿ졣
ҪЩӵסˣֺӳҲֻᣡ
˵Щʦرš׶԰԰ڳԺûͼҳǹͨûкܺߵǸ
˵תǮ·ء
кöҷ԰еֻӵܡ
ƵҽԺʱǸʦ۵ƵӰҲԽԽ
һ첻ʱ䣬׶԰ͱֹͣѧ٣е顣
ལལô˰һһԼ͸ķɻء
幽һֽཱུǰҲЩ㵡
ུ˰ɣƽʱôõһˣһ仰˵ϲ߰ǰһۡ
幣ˡһ幵·춼ҽ
ôãҪҽİɣ̰غգǶûкõҽһ£
Ҳܷϲལǿɺˣͦܵġ




ʮ  
 

ҿ԰ҡҲûӴҽûʶⷽˣһǿԵġ
Ǿͺãҵû˸ҺŪ㡣һǺҽҲġ
ҡһ֪ôڣ̫˸
ˣСˣ㲻õļǮ⣬ȰˣǸǽ⳥õٸҲ١
ƽĺûûΣҲһŰģչ˵ÿһ˵Ѵ
ãлл㡣ѵúһûоֻܾúǷǮ⡣
İɣһ֤ݺܳ㣬һӮ֤ݲ㣬Фһ֡вӮĹ˾һ㣬ǲĵġ
ĺллǡлһҲ֪˵ʲôҲ벻һ죬ƦƦĺ幾Ȼܰôæ
ȱ˵ллˣҪ平ůһЦӣϲģʲôݡ
һͷֽӱҲûһ
п𣿡ѩĿ޲ýŽԴҿ浽ʲô
ô飿ֵôæ˼
ǣǿҲϲལҲϲҺͺһҲгӸŮͬһ׶԰ǡμҲǹϵãҾμһһССĽѵѣ˭֪
Ž޵һͿ˭֪飿˭ֵֻ֪ô
ңʲô취Ҳûа취԰㰡
ѩŲԸմϱߣһСľǵһɧֵôΪʲôҪȥ˻ˮ
ֻСܰˡˣ㿴ΪķϣһΡ
ŽҲûа취׶԰ô£׶԰ǱһʱҪΪȫ˺ĶŮˣ
Ž㣬Ҳ֪ҺãûæҲǲ֪ڳϻǳţ并뾡취һʱǸ㰡
ѩЩͷ̾һôôҲܱץסѱ
С㣬ⲻ취ིùڲѾ취𣿿ǳˣҪһ£ΪʲôͲأ
ŽЩˣѩʾΣϲལ취ིùĻôȥֺͿ£
Ž㡣ѩɫ:˵עִ磬СţʲôʱȥԸһˣ
ѩûȷ˵ʾ鰵ʾûȷ˵ŽҲû취
˵ģС㣬㲻˵㲻ϲལи˰˭Ҫǰ͸˭ô𣿡
ŽɫҲˣѩǹӲţаʾʱһֱС
Ҿôһ˵ôܵأ˵ˣֻ²²۶ѣһӳ𣿡
ѩЦǰǸһΪ˳̰غճܣΪΪѺһⶼӰ˾
Žȥֵ˵ѩʾȥ£ҲûмŰɡ
Сô죿ɣС㡣ʱ˲ٵ飬Ҷ֤ݡûҪҪЮֻһΡ
һΣһιҲôɵ˲ʹ
֪ʱʲô¶ѩЩЦͲˣŽʲô֤һӵ׹ȵ
СҪǲţʲôŽһƹˤ˼ֻó¼
뻢Ѩɵûӣ⻰˼ǣ
С㣬ֻҪͷͬ⣬һúһڶѿ󡣡
Ҳ̫ϲغˣҲ鷳Žˡ
ŽɫԽҰ׵ѩְôܸ֪꣬ҪôԼ·
ȥС˵һѽ̳ǱߡҰҹϵӻ
ӻˣе˶ΪһǸСƻ˼ͥˣƵʱᱻ˺ɡ
˭Ǹغա
ǱߣСҪЩһ㲻ȥǳܡҿҲͦϲģСע⣬ܵġ
ʱŽ͵͵¼¼
СĲҪЮ㣬Ͷ·ˣ㡣ֻҪܰҶȹһѹأԺʲôҶԸȥԲκεԹԡ
ŽͲûͨһڵϿͷֻԼ׶԰¼ժȥûҪ
ѩɫʧû뵽һŽϣᱻвô




ʮ  ҽ
 

ˣС㣬㿴Ұôķϣһκòã
Ž㻹ڿధţѩҲûа취ŽҲûа취
ã֪ˡѩһڳ˴Ӧбİ취ô
Ҳһܰժɾһᾡ㲻̫ܵӰ졣
ôӣֵô󣬺΢巺ͳ̰غǶн룬ʵ̫ˡ
ֻҪԸңҶܸмСġŽһѩԸܻ˵һ¡
мң˰ɣ㲻вңҾӦöллˡ
ѩЦЦʱˣô
ллС㡣Ž㲻л
׶԰鷢͵ԽԽ׶԰԰ĸ˶ȥ̸ˡ
ԼЩʩʦҲػϲ鷢ЩʦȻʸ֤ûУ
ôһ׶԰Ǳɱķ԰ҲΪ鱻ҳǵơ
׶԰ǱǵõͷˣɺһǳüôҲĲ
ལȥֳòãкöСһ档
⼸죬ǲԸͺһ˽֮⣬Ҳϲţǿҵִ
ҡҡͷеСӣǲԸ˵һ仰
ǡ벻̲裬òãϲĴ̲衣
һͷ׶԰ܵ˳ͷôıӻܵ˺
šڣѵõĵͷ
һϲ⣬ǲǴѾкתˣ
ȥ򣬺òã˵ཱིţǸöá
ţҡҡͷţҲҪš
ལôĵ£һҪô죿
ǰôƤãôڵ཰ޣϲ˵ҲϲţԼԼ
ཿ޵ĵʱСֱס
ȥʱʵǲţܳţһ޵ôģཻЭ
ΪһֱѺһúذɡ
ģһϲ⣬˲òᣬ̧ͷʵĿ
šཻǲ࣬ԸΪ˺һš
áһҲһᣬཷڣ̸ЬӴš
ܺãճཾ̧סԼۣܲϲ⡣
ûͲˣһͷС֣Ҫһ
һЦ̽ͷһĻӱ⡣
ཡǲϲ𣿡Ӧĺһסཡϲǰϲģ⡣
ſļͷҡҡͷϲ̫ˡ
ûϵིϲҲûйϵǳȥ̲ͻòã
ཱུͷǲ˵һѾܿˣҪȥ
̲ſڣ͸ľ̽ȦסһĲӡ
ôˣһĲԾѯʡ
ȥҲȥҲҪȥɫѿסԼһҡͷ
һһ۵ûʲôһİ
ԣмСѣི䣬ſƷѡƷ
ǲϲСѣ
ǲСѣħ
˭֪һС֣ըܲ˵Ĵ
ǵ·˷׷׳߿һ̽ڻ˳
ལ㲻ϲǣ뿴Ƕ𣿿Ҫȥ̲裬Ҫǲ뿴ǣһֱ㱧ڻ㲻ǣòã
ˣһϣԼܹ˵ལһܲһֱɡ
Ҳȥһ㣡˵̰꣬ͷһĻû̧
һҲٵĵ̲߳Ҳ֪̰غհæҵҽʲôʱŵ
ལߺòãЩˡѾˣĺѾЩ
ƽʱһŮ˱һ߰˸´ĺӣʮӶᡣ
οѾء
šԹԵɻǵͷ
ȥĶˣŵңǰʹ̰غյ
Щ죬ཾȻͬˣˣ
̲ȥˣ˼õˡһŵ̲裬ཿ̰غգһӶ㵽һ
̰غտһûãཿġ
λǡһ̰غԱߵŮˣӦþҽ˰ɡ
С㣬ãǼСרԱ֢ҽ
Ů˿Ӧʮ˰ɣرᡣ




ʮ  Ա֢Ԥ
 

Ա֢һɻôԱ֢ˣڲԱ֢ɣ
ŶĺС㣬ĳˣСȷʵԱ֢ǡ
СһҲܻҲڣֱӰ˵˳
ȥ˵ɡһЦЦţǽȥ
ལ̲ýȥ߷Ⱥòã裬ЩҪ̺ͬ彲
һšһͽһ̲ལ֧
ཽӹ鿴һǣ˵ͷĬĬ߽߷
ڶô˵𣿡СཱུıӰѾԱ֢ˡ
ţϲȥҲϲ⣬Ҳ˽һСѸ׶԰ʾͻгķӦ
һҲ֪ôˣ⼸ڼལûȥ˾ϰࡣ
ǿ¶ͦģĻСɲԽȥңҲð⿪Ľᡣ
С˵ţ֧ó׼Ǳʼǡ
Ҳûʲô˵ġལһֱҴģ׶԰СѶֻ֪ûаְ֡
һ˵ţһԼ˽⵽
ţأ
һǰེͰ༶һСѴˣ֪ͽȥǺͳһȥģΪԷͱˡ˼˵ûаְ֣ͼװһĸס
ʵһ˵ҲЩ̫˼ºͳ̰غӦҲûжĹϵҪǰﺢ̫۸ˡ
֪Ϊʲô±С֪ˣСѾ˵˵Ѿ֪ôˣʹˡ
һС£ںһһС¡ȴΪ˱˺ӵɡ
ȫСһûһ˰˵𣿡
Сüͷְҵûǿȥô򵥡
ҿأȷʵû˰˵ͺȫ˶۸ཡ
һЦҲ֪Ϊʲô֮ǰȥ׶԰ʱཻͦ˻ӭġ
֮ǰླྀദôСֹͣʼǣ濴
ȻིܻӭһмСѵġǲ֪ΪʲôһΣȻûһվߡ
һԼڼ￴Ļ棬һ̲סᡣ
С㣬һҵĿ𣿡
СһֽݸһĿǡ
˵̰غյͷ
κʱ򶼲ȫСһȥ۸ལ⣬СһЩʲôǾܲסջյô
ȻƽԵལһܵȫСѵĹͱ
кֵһ㡣˵άʮӣʮھȻûһʦһۣһϿڼ䡣
̫ˣֵͨС֮Ĵ֡
֪֣û֤ȥ֤˭ڱΪʲôҪӶལ
һȻ֪֣֪鿪ʼ;ˡ
ҾҪǿԱĻСӦȥⲻͨ裬ԤıģǾΥġδ˱ЩҪܷɵƲõġ
ãһȥ£鷳ҽȰһཱུ
Ҫһ벻
ż춼Ըˣ˵ȫԼġ
ģŲãཾܺ
죬лл㣡һ̰غվϹҽȷʵܺãǼҴСʱཾѾʼԸųˡ
Ұæġ̰غջںһļϡ
⼸죬˺öࡣ
˭㣬㶼ǰҵæġһǵø˵ллԣԺɡ
Ȼ˵Ҫʲôˡ
Ѿҵˡǳʲô鷳
ôող˵ллھͿʼ˾֮ˣһⷭٶе찡
Ҳǲ鷳ˣԭ£ҲҼѩռôǿʱҪǷ㾭ĻҪôͣҪǲ֣˵Ҹô죿
˵ɣһ۾ĺ⼸رѹ֣ôмңҲˡ
̰غû˵ؿһۣɴ˳뿪
̰غ뿪һһߡ
Ҳ֪ڼôˣų⼪СҲýơ
ǲ֪Ҫܺûʲôùء
ţ֪һֻص˼ſڡ
һˡǰͻȻŵúһӳ˼лع




ʮ  Ǹ
 

ܣþòֺһ˲䣬һһɻסк
㡭˵ʲô𣿡ʵֺ֪һ׷ʲôˣֱ˵
ţǷһЩ¶ȥ˾ϰࡣһͷҲû˼ϰֻ࣬úøһ
ܣʲô𣿡
һóԿ״ţѾ˯ˣϣֺŵ
һǹǸģҲԣãҲΪǸʱ̫ˣԡ
ûϵһҡҡͷѾˡ
ˣϡ⼸һֱæཱུ飬ﻹǵ
㲻ҾͺãһѾˡཱུݰһϲ㡣
ֺǰһѵһԼϲˣʹ˷
һལǺͳ̰غʲôҲǹȥˡ
Ϊȥ¶ʧһˡ
ֺҲ˵ˣҺ֮䣬ܡ
ֺҲ⣬ƭ˱ȴûƭԼ
г̰غգɺǰһϲš
𣿿ԣô֪ܣֺǰһԼľġ
㲻ҪҡϣΪƭԼ
ˣҲ㣬ǻǰһһѡ
һôʹֺ࣬һֽڹҲһա
ˡһҲɿڣҲû˼˵Ȱ˵ɡ
ԭŽΪѩ棬ͿԸɸɾĴժȥ
û뵽һȻһ֮Щ뱩ĺҲˡ
һ㺢ӻСҲҪҳЭ˫֮ìܣȻö⳥
ŽŮིͬһ࣬ҲûֱӲһ
μҾͲһˣǼСο˵Ǵͷˣμкܴεġ
ԭŽԼŮûֱӲ뱩Ǻܿĵġ
˭֪μҳ˿Žۣ˵ʲôŽģҲһΡ
ֻǸǿôԳһɶûô۸˼ҡ
ŽͷҪʲôë¾
ֲģҲ֯ģҺҲûйϵƾʲôҪҲ
Сţô˵ģֺͿ˵ǣҸ׶԰԰棬԰𣿾ҲǸס
η˵ེСδٵʱҲ˵ڶԸһŽ㡣
μңҲһͨͥҲмǮġ
˵Цˣν㣬˭ҸǣأȥЩʦ׶԰԰ǻ𣿡
ŽЦ˾ˮܣ
СţԺҶҲʲôҼʲôǼҲ
ν㻰ô˵ģǲܸҶּء
Žüյη˵Ķ˵
ּңĸּң
η˵ɫò̫ŵּҰɣ
˵ĸּң
ŽĿη˵ɫϴȵĸо治
Ž㲻֪ѩҲܡ
ĸ֪˳̰غպ֮Ĺϵ￪ʼ˵Ļ¡
̫ҲһҪ̰غղܼȥ
ֺҲгϵİæȻǽûǵİæ̫Ҳʹû䡣
ѩʲô𣿡
ĸϲԼĶŮϲ¡
ǱѩҲѩ̰غȡԼ
ΪֺΪѩԺҸ
ûа裬ôˣѩĸЩ飬СŸĸȥˡ
ûʲôԼ˵ģԸ裬Ըһ취ġ
ĸЩʧ䣬˶˵ŮǰְСްּңȴŮĹ
԰ʲô㣿
˵ţѩЩˮҿĸ
ĸ̰غպѩദƬóݸ
裬غǲǸ㣿
ЩƬó̰غնѩĮ
а裬ƬģǲǸں˵ʲô裬ϲЦ㲻Ҫ
ѩǵıĸĸ첲˳ֽϵƬ
ѩƭ˱ˣƭԼ𣿡
ĸ̾һûмְ飬仰˵͸㰮飬ֻŮԼһԸѡ
һԺô죿




ʮ  Ҫ
 

ˣ֪رΡ
ѩҡͷΪˣŻôִҪ޸̰غա
Ϊֻ֪Ҫ̰غȢһ
ѩ㻹ǺúɡˣٸĴ𰸡
ѩǸ̬ȼᶨģĸٸ˵ȥ
õ衣ѩͷһҪ޸̰غգ˭Ȱһ
ˣѩмҪ㣬׶԰Ǽǲǲˣ
ѸѩҹϵҪ׶԰¼ĳժ
Ҳʲô£ҲǲѩӲЦЦٴЦ˵
Ĳѩ㣬ЩɲҲϹ͡
Щ鲻ǿЦģһ˵ǵһɧΪһĸϣԼŮֵ
ѽһҰæҲ˼ܾͰһͲҪ
ѩֹԣҪĸԼôࡣ
֪֪Ǹ˵˭μҵĶ˵¾ģ㻹˵ⲻ֣ⲻ֣֣
ĸЩɸ֣Ůôô޴
裡ôʲô˵ҵĴѩױˣһվĸ
ţĸôһ˶ˣôˣ
һҵĶҲŸ磬һֻǰһ£;ҵĲԣôͲˣ
ѩʧȥǣܲ˵ָıӴ
ѩôأΪãΪܲߴ·Ҳᱻ˷顣
ĸ˼ĿѩҲΪѩá
ڵôҪ֪ѩҲ£ָҪô
ҲˣԺ˵˼ѩʱԶ׶԰¼һ
ʲôΪҺΪҿǣ㶼Ϊ˸磡Ϊֺ
˵꣬ת˳ȥĸվ׷ȥ׷ϣ
ˣʲôˣǲǳˣ̿ĸѩȺܳҲԣʵ
ѩԽԽȰˣûѩӰĸ¥ݿ̾˿
ѩ⺢ӴСģһʱ֮ܲ˱˶ҲǺģ˾ͲҪˡ
ȻҲѩˣļ£Ҳ˵
̣ҲѩϸӻûĶࡣ
ĸЩΣҲ֪룬֪Ӧôȥ˵ѩ
ɾҲĸװЦǸı䲻˵ʵ
㲻⺢ӸҲ̫׽Ӧ˵ĸҵĲ̫׽Ҹ˵ʲôƫ硣
ʵĸѩ׽һ㣬ϾŮӣһЩŮӦö¡
ССүү̳ųѾˣ˲Ҫż
żҲûãΪѩԸʱ˵ʲôϺʵѹûȥ
ദʱȽϳңҪôýҵȰ˵
ĸЩˣѩԺڣһԼһжʹ࣬ѩС֪
һû취ﵽˣСӣǶ˵ǻʲôأҲεЦЦҪѩô˵ЩҲỻôסҰˡ
ðɡлл㡣ĸЦЦЩʧ䣬Ҳֲ֪˱ˣԼ̫æûʱ
ˣҲа취ѩ¡
ȥ֮˺ܾã˺ܾáһĲ㣬µ㻹ǲԸһһԲԼź
ֺ˵ЩŵӣµǺһᶼ
ֻѡòϣʧ
ҲŬȨ𣿡ֺģܺһ˵ʲôԡ
ˣҰѻҺⱲӶܡ
ǵ±ӣ±ӣһһĶһ˵
һԣҲһµĻһź
ֺҲһʰ
˭ĶӶûϵֻҪǲ˵ԺͺһһˣཾĶӡ
ܣ㡭
һھܾҡֺе˵Ļᡣ
ˣҲ˵ˡһȻҪɡ
ֽеཱུ߶ȥ𴲣Ǹȥҩˡ
һʱ㶼Բȥ˾ġֺҲ߽ȥ




ʮһ Ĺϵ
 

֪ˣ³߹ҹ˾صĹ涨ʵԲȥ˾칫ڼ﹤ģֻҪ룬Ѿȥˣûп𣿡
һûôֺЩ룬̫֮˲á
鲻ҹܣԣҲ֪Ѿ֪ˡ
ֺЩ˼ЦЦǹҡ
ˣм˵һ£ңסˡ
ǰֺûֱӸ׵ʱİõס⡣
Ȼ֮ǰεǣһҲټסķˡ
ססģ
ֺˣΪʲô׹Ԣ
һ빫˾һĵطǰ˵һ£Ҫ顣
һüֺҵԭ
Ҳͬ⣬˵빫˾ҲǺԶվ͵ˣȥұĵط
ֺҡͷֻԺһһ㣬ôࡣ
ʵǴҶ֪ΪʲôҪңҾѵĻҲֻܰˡ
һЦЦȻأʲô취ס׷ߵķӣܾ׷ߣ
㡭ֺƿԣſڡ
ΪɲأҿЭ֮Ĺϵ
ûЭһ˵꣬ļ
һعʱǵһҵˡǺܸмģѡûа취ŮѻиһĹϵ𣿡
һҲӱ£綼˵
ҿ⵫ǡ
ҪǿĻǾҵľһԱĹ˾ϰ࣬ǻǿԼ棬Ȼ㵱ѡ
һ˵꣬תཱ
衭˯ѵ۾һԭСƽ
ءһֱڡһı:Ҫȥҩˣ׼𣿡
ڡǲ໰Ҳϲ̫õĵط
ڵʱҽѾҪ°ӴǲǴӦ軻ҩʱһҪȥ
һĵĺལֺվǲԾṴ
ԼԺʲôŮʲôһ
ûһ֮ǰûд𰸣һ֮󣬺һ͸𰸣ΪһǴ𰸡
ע⵽ֺˣ̽ͷںһĻ
ô壬𣿡һͷһֺЦźཡ
죬ǲԸӺһĻ
ʱͻȻһ̱ź߳ȥ
˭ѽ
ţվź幺ͳ̰غա
ˣСŮ֣ƦƦ
ȥҩˡ̰غտһལһ˵⡣
鷳ˣʵҿԼȥġｻܷͨ㣬Դȥ˵ڹཽӴɫɫˣܿء
С⻰˵ľͲˣѵǼҰغշһˣС˿ɲҪӴ
üĳ̰غյļ򣬰չȥһкϷ
广һལཱུ˭ĺӣвУлһҪһΡ
һһֺɫѾȻ֪ʲôʱ̰غպͺһߵôˡ
ֺҪȥҩˡ
һתͷһֺһÿó̰غǽ
غʲôʱôпˣһ˵ûпء
ֺų̰غգ֮ճ̰غնԺһд򵥡
ǲǡѾཱུ֪ˣ
˵ҪôغʲôӦòþõͬɡ
ʲôѩ˼ҳ̰غվͲĸƷһҪȥ
̰غõδ򡣡ֺ̧ĮĿź幡
幱ôһ˵ҲеЩӲ˵
δֲɷ򡣡̰غЦֺ֡
ֺߣڳ˺һ˭Ҫ
˭֪ཾȻĬĬ쿪֣ɳ̰غձ
Ҫ㱧ֺɴ۾Ϊʲô
ֻԱ֢ǰڣöˣǸкøлԸñġ
广ֺ𾪣ĽͣǲеСġ
ĶΣһĹϵʲôʱôˣ
⼸죬⼸̰غյ˶ٴΣ
⻰˵ҾͲˣʲôһͰغչϵãϵ˭˵ö
ƲƲ죬վ̰غպͺһ䰡ԸòʲôģҪǣ̰غϲһ֪




ʮ  Ҳ
 

ܲܲҪˣһЩֻۣκá
ҸӦԼʱѾ쵽ˣҪ볳ĻⳳҸˡ
˵꣬һֽུӳ̰غյĻﱧ
̰غû˵ʲôһֺźһ߳ȥûֽལֱ˻
ˣͲҪǴ˼ˡ˵ȷʵ˫꣬˲ֻ顣
ûжĹϵɣֺЩ˵ǴСһ𳤴ģΪʲôվڳ̰غǱߣ
ҳ̰غպлԼģ𣿡ֺź幣ǺһһҲܺͳ̰غһ
ѡ˵ҲվڰغǱߣǡһֵ:ѵûп֮ĸ𣿡
ֻҪ۾Ϲܿõ̰غպͺһָ֮Ĳɡ
֮ʲô̰غջһֱ𡣡
ֺû˵ӳ̰غв֪ȺһٴΡ
һֲŰôܻϲ̰غգ
û̸̸֮ͷ˵ĻǰĸԻϲ
干ΪȻֹһο̰غնźһĸ˼飬ҲֹһεĻʶᵽһ
һȻʱʶԶ̰غգ̰غٿһҲܾ
ϲȨҲ׷ȨҸ̰غղͬûлԼ
ֺҲΪ⣬ʲôûи飬ֻ֪ϲһҲ
˵ֺ̧꣬׷ȥദ
ʲôһڣһжǶء
ȵңһҲ׷ȥֺôôû
ҽԺһཽһҩ幺ͳ̰غһֺǶ棬˴۵Сۣûһ˿˵
ҽԺ䣬֮˵Ҳô䣬߹·˲࿴Ǽۡ
ǸҲţ
˭֪أˣ߿ߡ
·Ҳ֪ʲôļƣȷʵŲġ
ȿȡ̲סˣѽֺͳ̰غŻΪʲôҪǣУ
˵ҪҪˮô۵С۵Ĳðɣһɳô죿
áֺش𣬶̰غֱӲ˵
Щεļ
غգʲôע㣬㻹лԼһ
£̰غתͷһۣȴЩȻ
һܿͷӦⲻȻΪʲô
ʲô֪ΪںĲһǹģû㲻ϲģôܻϲŮˣ԰ɣ
ֹѹĺܵͣ±ֺ
ǡֺЦȻû幵˵ʲôҲµˡ
Ҫǲϲһû˱бͣȱһ
ﰡҽԺ˵鲻ʣʡ
εĻΧﰡֺ̫Ҳá
˵ճ̰غյƢ˵̾ߡ
Ŷ̰غѵõĳĽȴһ
һϲأ
ʲô
ֺкҲˣǳˣ
ллҽʱҺһ߳
΢巵ίУҲùܡ
̰غһ䣬ǹ˵һһ
幵üҪ˵һ仰һˡ
Ȼһһ㶣ֽཱུ˽漴Ҫųһ΢Ц߹
̰غգ⼸ллˣԺ鷳ˡ
ԭǺ΢巵İ⼸ôģԭΪ
ʲôأһͻȻԳЦЦǲܵİ˼ʲôΡ
鷳鷳İСˣ鷳ģ̾˿̳һ͵
һû˵ʲôЦҡҡͷѾ̫İˡ
һֺվӹİ
ȥɡ
һЩΪѣȻ̰غҲֺϣ
ѣ𣿡ֺ֣ļůĳЦЦ
԰ǻѣһһͷ
ǾȻȥˣлл㡭ǡһ˵꣬΢΢ֺߡ
תûͿǰһˣ¶ɢŭ
һǸˣһʶĽཱЩڳһֱֽ཰
ѩֺɻ
ž
ѩû˵ֱߵһǰ˵һơ
ཱۣһ̿
ͻȻôһޣѩҲһʶˣ




ʮ  ֱ
 

ˣһ߿ţһ߳ѩ󺰴С
ңû㰡ѩЩίǺһû⺢ʲô
ֺһץסѩ֣һʹˣôˣ
ǲһٶķݻֻԽԽԣ
Ҹ磡һҪ㣬ˣѩָԼ
㿴ңҲãҲǸѪԵ׵ˣһˡΪʲôǰűˣһڹδϹδ÷򣡡
ѩҲܲˡһĶһЩѿ顣
˭ˣûô˶㷢ʲô裿
ֺüôȥѩ˵ⶼ⣿
ǲǸͲȰģ
ô⻹ѩҧ촽۾ġ
ͲˣίδǸŮ˻һôûվһΪ˵һ仰أ
ž
˶ûעʱ򣬺һǰ˦ѩһơ
ٴˣôһ㳤ûУҪǳ̰غգǹ˾ҪˣҲһ𡣡
˵꣬һЦһѩûعʱߡ
СˣȵҡһһҪߣһ³̰غգܲ˵Ҳ׷ȥ
̰غҲվҽԺѩ֡
غգȥģѩۼֿ죬̰غһץס
غգΪʲôҪôң֪ܽġ
ô˵ǳ̰غյδްɣôһӶأ
̰غ˦֣û
ĺܷ
ҡѩֿƲסĵʱͼǲҪͺһƽһƵ£ֻס̰غա
ǰǺܺõġΪʲôһ֮еһжˡ
㿴ڵǰ㣬һ𣿡˵̰غû̧˳ȥ
ȥϾǸ磬ԼôԣֺҲ޿
ҲҪʣѩ˦ֺ֣ɿĳ̰غܹȥӱһѱס
ô㣬ôͿ⼸һֱұܶ˵æˣôæһأ
ѩĸί֪̰غʱ򣬿ͺһһӸ
ûʲôġ̰غվԭأڣѾֹһε˵ϲѩһ
һֱүүǰһԣ̬תôĮûԭġ
ѩһŻſ֡
һؼҺòãֻҪһؼҽҾ͵ûþúþáû͹ؼˡ
̰غû˵ҲûߣڿǣҪҪȥ
غա
߰ɡգ̰غջЭѩ֮ĸ鲻һӾ˵ġ
ϲѩѩȷʵΪ˺ܶࡣ20һ𳤴ҲһӾͰѩƳȥ
ѩһ̻ϲϲزᣬ
ֺǵ󣬿ǵĻЩᡣγͬһ·ˣϲȴò
ȵѽСˡôͷɰҡ
һߵҲ̫ˣǱһֻͨ߿·й
֪ѩǸ񾭲̰غǰʵͦõģе֪ͣɣ
֪Ҳ֪֪ʲôѽһθһǵùġ
ȻȦӲͬͲǿлһ𣬷ⱨӦģڲⱨӦ
عû죬һһһһģĸС
Сˣ֪һίһǶŵѩ¡
Ҳ֪ôȰһǿ̰غкһǵġ
幣ûҪǴҸ̰غաһͣͷ幡
㷢ˡüԭһ֪
ڸ˵Һͳ̰غղܣ㲻ҪϹϣôһϣҵܴšˣŹҰɡ
һһŬԼҲίһβǱԵģ
һ㶣ŬĺһʼԼǲˣĳúһͳ̰غһǾá˱͸ճɾ
ԲҴˣСˣԺҲˡǰһֱԼ뷨ǿڱ˵ϡ
ˣҲûʲôôˬϴĺ幵úһȣоҲͦġ
ҾǲǺڣȻ˵ҿó԰غղһ
⻰úһһֳô




ʮ°
 

Ͱغǲǰʶң˵ǰʶغն𣿡ؼ·һĹʦĽ̿飬пڱĽڣǼҼԱɡ
֮⣬иѧ磬ѧ
Ȼƽʱɵģķɺѧ޵Ĳֻ޵ѧβЭư
㲻˭ҵģⶼԼҵġ
һĵһ쿪ʼÿһټʱй۲һͳ̰غ֮ĻС飬С
һེСδܵʱ򣬺һһܽŵģǿ̰غ֮˶
Ҹģʲôʱ߹幣Ϊһֱĺܺõġ
ĶıҵѽСˣҿɲǲѧӵܡ
Цʾǰߡ
Һ֡ϲ̰غգΪʲôҪһֱѹأҪһ㲻ϲӣҪһģ
ⲻðΪ̰غҲֻг̰غĻϾ̰غվֳƢһΪʲô
㲻Ҫˣ͵㲻֪𣿡ʲô˵ģ̰غԼδޣΪʲôҪǸߣ
ãǻ⡣˵ҪˣҪĶȥҺ÷ҸҲѰɣСˣ
ûϵӷһһһһԵһӣŵԷġ
幡һͻȻס
㣬ǲҲңȻΪʲôһǼʱ򣬺幾Ѿֵô飿
ôͻȻôˣ干ϣǺʱ֪һˡ
ʲôʱҡȻŮ˵ĵв
һǰɣӢʱȥƺɹ̫򡣡
ЦǺ֪һˡ
һ״һӣʵͦעĿġأЩˣҼÿ϶ཱིܿ;ͦ˼ġû뵽ôСع㡣
ô˵幸ҷԺһûŮ֮飬ҲûзǷ֮롣
ЩˣһЩɻȷʵǾڲƺɢӢˮƺҲܶ࣬ʱྲྀߡ
ȥ˶ԶĵطֻȥƺȥãȥߡĻȥƺΪ
ǰʵʱͦʶģΪླྀѳú񡣡ѵȻǳ̰غգ
Ǹʱ̰غպʲôˣûϣֱཱུʱЩ㱣ΪصСʱ򣬿Сʱĳ̰غա
ôܾڲңһüôɵ
С˲ž㿩ǻȻؼҰɣôǼҪܲˡ
һ汦ϲ֪һȥĴ𰸡
ڣԺһҲһѺһѣȴҲ֪ࡣ
֮󣬺һһ춼Ļ幡ͼˣ
˵ེѣеѡ᲻ǳ̰غգ
뵽һʶıסལУñཡ
֪ݵĻ̰غҲ֪ģ
裬ڿʡҽָ£Ҳ˵һ㻰ˡ
һӦЦЦˮ
ཹԡ
ΣӦ幣̰غջֺǶԶһ㡣
ֺͺ并ཱུ֪ݣ˾ͳ̰غռ棬ѱһǲ̰߳غա
ལ˵ҪҵĻԸ𣿡һͷཱུС
ֻˣñ
ţԡһ£ǹԹԵĵͷ
ǾͺáֻҪԣܾͰѼҰˡ
Ϳ˷ӣҲһ¥ҲͥԺܷ㡣빫˾Զ涼йʣҲԸ
ȥﶼУǲȥ׶԰֣סһ
һ𾪣ཾȻ׶԰ˣ
ཡһͷһֱûʱ˿ȫӿ˳
š
ǲǺܺ׶԰һֿЦĲ˲ᣬཱུͣС
׶԰֣Сֽ
ǡᣬȴҲúһʶжǰСѡ
ãǲȥ׶԰ʲôЦĶôͰ͵׶԰ȥ
֮󣬲ģһҹ˾ĬĬذѼҸˡ
ֺǱ߶Ҫ˵һµģϾҲǷ˷˵Ҳ̫ˡ
ԿҸֺüӡ
ҰˣԿòˣ˻㡣




ʮ²Ҫ
 

ôһֺһ৵һվ
ţѾˣ鷳㡣һҡҡͷﻹ˼ֺ
һ£ڵҲǸɨ˰ɡֺϲΪô࣬ҲҲĿɳ
ǲǾҺ鷳ңֺһɳϡ
֪ôУͺԼƴȥˣȴƴƿ㡣
Ҳ˼ֺҸ˵ҺϧѡΪ̫ϧˣҲŲԸȥ鷳㣬㶮𣿡
һҲ֪ôָֺͣĻǸöá
ҡĲףİԼɺѵĻΪʲôԼԽԽԶ
İɣҪʲôҶ˵ģһҪ뿪뿪̫Ҳ˵
˵˵ȥ˭˵ͨأ
סܸøҰɣȻԺҪеʲôҪæģַ֪Ҳ㡣
ڡ·ԷС102
һҲûҪŵǳ̰غա
áֺЦԸԼ
ˣҸ˵㲻ܸһﵣģǰ̰غҲмҹŵģʵˡ
ܸ˭̰غգǲʲôҪҵģ
ֺɫǲǳ̰غպʲôһĹϵ
ҲǣҲ֪ͳ̰غյĹϵǸƤýţ԰ҾͶ
һЩ˼ǲ鷳鷳Ҫǻˣںˡ
㲻һҲҪҰɣֺЦĿ
һĵһ:ôܣһ
ôһ
лԼҵù˼ñܱӣ㲻һ
һЩȻҲ֪ô͡
ţһԲ𰡡
ΪʲôôͻȻ˵Բ
˵ѩв׶԰¡Բô˵Ӧ˵Բɡ
вͣһ׶԰飬һɫ
ֺһ£̽͵
ʵûֱӲ룬УѲժ
Ըţòˣֺĵһӳˡ
˭˭ժǸ˭ˣ
ҲʶŽ㣬֪СκུܣСһﲻһֱǺེ㣬͡͸μҳ⡣
ֺ֪ԼдҲı⡣
һû˵ʲôͷһòٴοڡ
ºûйϵ˸ժҲ²С
ں΢巶ѾôˣֻҪ΢˵һŽҲһ˺Ҳʲô̫⡣
㲻ͺáֺһΪһء
ˣҲ˵ˣһҪȥչཡһһֱҽӦÿˡ
ţãȥɡҲ֪һסʲôط֮ȥҲܷ㡣
һҵֺֻͳ³幺ͳ̰غն֪ˡ
幵֪һҪңᵽĶһûи˵
Ҳ˵һ̰غղŵĿ幣һϵǻͦõ
ôõŶûţ¥ϵס˵һˡ
ԩ˵ңûʲôʱҪᵽĶȥ˵ˣĹϵҲͦεġ
βͬڳ̰غպ֮ΣʲôúһΪѵµΡ
ȥ顣̰غճĬã³֡
ȥʲôѽ˼Ҳǰ˾ǲ֪סѽҲȥ顣
һηֿʱһ֪ʱʶˣóһͦġ
Һһཱུܽţܺ±֪
ȥ̰غն˲Ҫȥ
ҡ幾óһ亹Ķó̰غȥ飿
ȥ顣
ҸСʱ̰غֱ̧һʱ䣬պȥ¥ºȸȣ幵ӦҲ鵽ˡ
˵㰡ֲϲ˼ңҪ˼ôģüų̰غն˼û÷Ƿ֮롣
ҳϲȥҽԼ𣿡̰غߣ¾ˡ
үҿǲ𡣡ڨڨһЦүǸˣܰ˷ˡ
Ҫǲܸ˼һĻ㻹ǲҪ˼ˡȻҲͦϲһһģϾҶǸʲôѩʵϲ
ܾó̰غȢѩĻԺһҸ




ʮƺ
 

˵һ仰֮Ǳ̰غĶţûϢ
ϢҲͨСʱͰѺһסַˡ
㿴··Ǳ߷羰ɣ̫ԶЩ
ôﵽ·Ǳȥˣô߱ȽϺá
֪˵ڶءʼ硣ֲǺһĻ׳棬˭˵ͨһʲô
ȥ̰غվߡ
Уһ£ۼֿһס:˼ʲôţȥǲҪ˰ɣ˵˽첻ѩȥүӵ𣿡
ȻһֱϺһ̰غգԴһκһ˵Щ֮ûһºһ
ܷ̰غմһۣǰɲġǰĺرѩֻҪѩģȥ
ҷѩǰɣ˵Ǽ¶ȥôˡҪȥһȥѩһ𡣵ʱһһʲô鷳أΪ˺һá
Ҳ֪ô˵Ȳһ鷳ȽϺðɡ
Ϊã̰غüͷѵǺҲϲһ
ģ˼òãҸһ˳ѡģ֪ϲǾԲȾָģ˵ˣһϲͰ
幾Ͳû֤ˣֻΪ˺һá
̰غЦһתͷȥͲȥ˭ϡȥ·Ƶط
ЩôôûҲӦһɡ
үŹȣӺ幸ų̰غսŵһ˲俪ʼͺˡ
үүֹʲôأϴˮҪҪһ
վڳүӺѩүôһ˵̶Ź߹
үǵһʶҾôû˵Ƥܺģô˵ңҶҪǼҲٷġ
干ΪȻ߹ȥѩĹһӣ
ҴģҵĿˡ̰غ̧һүӡ
Сûһ˵ˣ㶼ˣ
үҲֵһкѩ
֮ǰѩôֲǲ֪ѩδ޵Ĺϵѱ䡣
үҲûΣлֱ˵ºҲڳ
ѩûӰѩΪʲôӦ֪ɣ
广һڳүߵѩζʮ㡣
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҰǲΪﲻã
ͻȻ䱻幽еѩ޹ĿˣЩֵү߿£
ҲִСģԴĺܣǵüǰ£ˣС㣬ϻج𣿡
ЦģȥΪִӹһϡ
үһùȴһº幵֡Ҳˣ治֪ؼô̺ӵģôˣ
Ӵүӣ۾ͦģһϣôСɡ
˵̵ֽĳš
ѩǺҲվҲǣһֱ֪ԼԲŻһֱŬԼӺ幡
û뵽ʱ并ûʲô֮ǵ£ȴһӶû
̰غ𣿡үӻôͲ˵仰
ˡ̰غղΪȻԴͬ幸һһ̿ʼѾ־ˡ
㡭
ˣүү幸ҲЩᣬҲҲãûд£үүˣǶԲ𡣡
˵ţѩͷ־Ե˵ƲƲ죬û꣬ѩȥϷ롣
㲻ãѵҲãЩЦѩģͿˡ
ȿȡ̰غȣʾ幣Щ鲻̫֡
õ̰غհʾĺƲƲ죬ˣڳ̰غյϣһ°ɡ
үү𣿰غգҽϲԵǴŹǣүүϲȵĶҪǶˣǾ͸ϽԷɡ
ѩţòײߵ죬Ϊһ仰ͻڳүĿе
Էɡүӵ˺һۣһҪȥؼҸһ״
ΪһٷģҲûиҪҾû̫ķҪǲԵĻٸҺòã
ѩһ󷽵ģǼʢ
ҲԷװɣллЦҪװ壬Ҫװ󷽡Ҫװᣬͳȫ£ᣡ




ʮסһ
 

ѩЩһŬάϵ΢Цװһݸ幡
幽ӹһۣͷĺ浱һ㶼
̰غҲƵĳ𷹣ѩ˵ΪǴŹǣû
غѧġѩһ˼˸̰غգ̰غʶܾ˭֪үӵĹصӵһ
šȻûܾ̰غȴҲһڳȥ
ó𣿡ѩڴĿ
š̰غպܷܣ˵ʵѩĶ۶óʵòóԡ
ϲͺáѩ̵ҲԼ˲ˣֻҪ̰غԸܿġ
غգŽҶҸ˵¡
үӷӣŵز˲͡
ѩסһɡ
ʲô̰غպͺ并һǰͬ
ѩһɬصͷȥܲ˼ʮֵĺߡ
Ҳͬ⡣ַ̾ԡ
ʲôϵ졣үӵһۣһۣΪͳ̰غĺãͻ֡
ôûйϵڸغסڶţҪǸغһסĻҪҵ۾ү֪ҲϲģҪǼôҿɲ֪һʲôŶ
ͷЦѱүֺһۡ
Ҳͬ⡣̰غտڣϲԼķһŮˣѩô鷳Ůˡ
Ϊʲôͬ⣿ѩδ޺סһʲôԵܵӦһ»ǰԤϰһ£ûʲôõġ
үɫֺ̰غգӰôĻأ
ұȽϲԼһסһǰͬӶá
Ĳѩסһ
ƨǰǰסһʱ˵ʲôϲһסҿܾҵİš
үӶţһҪó̰غպѩסһ
Ҫǲͬ⣬Ҳҩˣ͵ͷˣû˹á
ѩĬĬλϣһԲ˵Ƕûϵһ
үӣôһף广ȥˣ˵Ƴ̰غպѩ׵ʱ򣬳үҲ׵ġ
غղ㣬㲻˵ġүû幣ˡøɫˡ
ãҪסǾסɡ
̰غ˿ڣѩҲһַȥ
Ҫһסһ³̰غյֱۣǵʱȥһǸ鷳ˣ
үү˵ĲӦദദʵǲõĻԼҲûϵġ
̰غĿһ۳үӣ޲һ취ûС
㡭̰غôһ˵ү˲й
ˣ㰮ôôɣѩҪȥס͹ȥסɡ̰غհѻ˵ַϣүүĻ
ѩҧŴָز/ģôãȻõĽôܲʹأ
ѩǾҪᵽ̰غȥסȥĻ˵Ժûлסһˡ
ʲôҪȥ̰غһסǼûķ𣿡
ֺһѩľòһ˼ҳ̰غնôĶˣﻹϴգ
ǰѩúúÿһ£ⲻһС¶ĸֺʾҪô
ѾˣһҪȥסѩնĻشҪץס̰غյġ
ѩְ֧ģһϣְ־㻹Ҫһ¡
ָĬ˺ܾãڿڣΪһףʵڲԼŮǰͬӡ
ҪǣͬӵĶϲѩҲˣƫƫڳ̰غձֳǺܷѩ
ΪһףϣԼŮȥ˵ƨɡּңҲҪϵġ
ְ֣ĺܰܰܰغաһҪ޸ԺܸܲһҲһεľ
һǳ谮Լĸ׵ĻѩᶼҪˡ
ѩΪһףְҲǰģ԰ְΪõĽǶȥ¡
˵ţָ˶٣˵
һ£ǰغն㻹ʱ̬ı䣬Ҫǻǰְͬ¡ڣְĲͬ⡣
̰غյ̬̫ˣлԼھͺˣûҪԼȥ˼ҵƨɡ
ֻǸһ£仰˵ֻ֪ͨһѾүү˵ˣүүҲҹȥչ˰غա
ѩʶҧ촽ٴο˵




ʮ²
 

ּҵļͥ鿪󣬻ѩôָͬľա
죬ѾԼʰãŹͿȥͳ̰غסһ
ѩҪȥһסְҪ㡣
ѩҪ뿪ҵʱָͻȻס
֣ѾͬˡѩԵ䣬Щ£ָڡ
첻µز£ΨһµľȨָ
ǣѩˡҲǷڣǰְֵ㣬˵һӣίˣͻؼҡڶº˺ܶ࣬ûҪһϣǸŮּҵŮļҽ̺ܺãҪ㣬ּҶ顣
ָ֣ļĳ˵
áѩ۾ģЩᣬΪָҲ
ѩܵ˳̰غռ̰غҲû취гүӸѩѩסҲûбİ취
סĸ䣿ѩЩ˷ܣų̰غյĹԢ
ٴΣûһǿԽķ䡣
仰˵˿Ķȥֻڿúôţ̰غߣ͵ߡ
Ǹķ㶼Ѿòˡ
ҿ鷿𣿡ѩСʵּͥ˽Լ鷿ǾͱʾԼǸ˵Ρ
ھͻȥ̰غûʲôɫ鷿Ը˵ȥˡ
ѩסӲеĽԼƵ̰غ˵Ǹ䡣
֪㲻ϲұ̫ҡ
֪ͺá鷳ԺʶȤЩҡ
ǣҡ
Ҫˣ½̡
̰غղ˵һͷ鷿ţţ·ѩķֽߣȻͬķֽߡ
֪ѩᵽԼĶ棬ҲûеķӦҡ
ѩһμ幵ʱ򣬾Ͱø
཰Ǹ¿ңطɻϲϲ
Ĵţöĳ̰غһžͿߵ
Ҫɲ壬ʲô硣һһۣûΣôʦͷѧҵģ
СˣôӰҲΪá
ƲƲ죬ϲལرɰԱյСʱĳ̰غգرŰĮ
ôƤҪʲôһߣֽƻӸ
лһͦĵģûкҾ㶼֪һֿ֮ΪҲҪ˧ˡ
ҧһƻƻյĲͬر
Ҳˣ˵ˣϲ㡣ʱҪҪеڴŴӦġ
ǣô˧ôãҸ˵Ժˣ°ְҲҪС壬˾Ҳа
ϲལྲྀɰֶ¡
ռұˣûĸ硣˾أôôռˣ
ʲô磬ҵܵҲ԰ֻҪӽһ˾ˣҶܿġ
ûûεЦҧһƻ
һôѩ⴫ͳ̰غһȥԷģɲŸճžͿһĻ̰غվôˡ
ģ𣿡
Ԥϵѩῴһĳһ۾ֱǺ
ȻǣҲǰãֳ;ͦġ
ѩ˵ţ֣ס̰غյֱۣͷҲǱǵĿȥ
ãһƻһ£Ƕסһˣ
һ˵һ£һǶģɲҪϴˡ
죡ǵЦʧӰ٣еƻѩȥ
һѩеƫͷ˭֪ƻƫеĲͷɹȥǽϡ
òҪǰ˵֡ѩ֣Ĳج𣿡
һһοôæཻڻһУҲʺ并˭
Ǹ̰غ΢΢תͷѩޱ³֡
غգҡǸʲôõǸģ˵Ĳ𣿺һǶģʵʲôõǸģ
뵽ͷתһߣǿĲϵǸ
幺ͺһǸȻҪҲ㡣
̰غ֣Ա̬ȼᶨ
û˵ǡ
㻹֣幻һվŭĶ
һҲŵˣæԱŲŲһ֪սС




ʮ  ˭
 

ҡѩŵ̶㵽̰غյ󣬳̰غմһԼ
Ǹ̰غջǲã˵˻¾͵õǸ
㣬ǡǶ۸ңѩţܽ˳̰غյĹԢԼķ
ôˣһ֪룬һЦһģ֪׷ʲô顣
̰غһ߹ȥһѽུﱧ
ȥĶҪȥĶ
¥ơ̰غ³ĸ֣ǰߣһͷһ۵ڵϵĺ幣ֿһཡ
һǸ˳̰غյĽŲཱȽҪ
ȵңô죬ôˣ˭
һСܲŸϳ̰غյĽŲҲкǿҵĺġ
˵̰غձཱུһƷСӵһõ֦⡣
ȵʲô̰غտȥ鲻һܳ˸ˮ
Ҫˣ̰غЩţҪһˮͿˡ
ˡһҵ̫̰࣬غ粻˭֪Ժһʲôܣ
ţһڿϲ˵̰غս˵ݸԱ
ڿԸҶ˭𣿡һ̲סˣ̫ˡ
Ǹͬѧ֪ܵĲ𣿡
һ̺һȷ̰غսĺܲԸ˵ô໰Ը幵¡
ܵĲҵȻ֪ǸеʱҲܲѽܶ˶ͦϲǼҵ̲ġܵĲ裬˵̲ı棬򸴹ŵĵڻʵĲ
һǵڸеʱÿһԻؼҵʱ򣬶ҪȥһܵĲ衣
ͺڱŸ߿ľ޴ѹ֮£һԼɵĳڡ
ܵĲǶļҵģҵġǶŮҲǺϲŮӡ
ǶǺþǰˣǽѩҲô顣
ڡ
ˡ̰غῪڣĺһںڿȡ
ˣ⡭һЩɻôأ
ԽԽĿƷƴгܵĲ辺ҲԽԽʱܵĲ輱ʶȹѹء
Ȼ˵Ѿȥþúþˣʮʱ飬ѾǶʮˡ
ʲô׵ģһƲҺͺ并ĸǹУ棬ۡ
̰غ˵һҲ֪顣
Щ۸ģ
ţҲʱʱ̶̿磬Ůϴּ䣬Ůҡ
ʱģĵط
Ƕĺѩ
ǸʱĺѩǻѣŮܵʱѩûǣҲûȥ
֮ĵѩ벻˸ϵ˵ѩǸӻǶĵˡ
Ȼأô˵ģ
֢ɱ̰غһġҲһرʵŮӡ
һŮǶ裬˲ٲŵƵڶҳ¿ʼǾͿʼ۸ģǿĵط۸һΡѹһݡ
˵ѹܣȻСͲ飬ģһ𳤴ĺѣҲôÿʵһ
ÿһ⼸˵˭鲻ãܵһֲ뾡취ǿ
˭벻ôõһŮӣȴԶͣʮꡣ
ѩΪʲôԸǲ𣿡
ףһǳף֮ѣ㲻ԳְæһǿԵİɣ
ǳ̼йϵǸʱүүϲģ˵Ц˵ҪҶס
̰غ˵Щ˵Ҳ벻˹ϵ
ʲôϵѩǶ񶾣ҲǣѩҪǲôᱻһٶԣ
Ϊҡ
ǣ˾ǴԶôƭལߣ
һЦཱߡ̰غպɻôˣ
ôʹˣƣⲻʵش
һӵľƣһ߱ལһòײŵȵϵڵ¥㡣
һţһһһͿ۾ͮͮԹ޵ѩվ⡣
㡭һҡҡͷˣͶ񶾵Ů˵
һѩץס֣ץסҪһ㡣
֣ɲǶģ۸ģ
غأ̰غأѩûһ㣬ɽץ֡
ſһЩͷ˦һߡ




ڰʮ  ֮
 

ѩһֲҲû뵽һཻżƿƾȻô˦
㲻ŵģֲҡһûɫֱӴ幼ߡ
ѩſڵϣ۵½׵ĵذ壬Ŀ޳
̰غ׷źһصʱ򣬳ʱҲŵһ
ҲǣôôһžͿһͷŮſڵϴŵذҲᱻ
ǻֳ˸
ò׿ſڵϵŮ˭ĳ̰غЩ
غ£ҴˣҲӦòĵģҴˣһ뵽Ҿͺ£᲻ңغգ㱧ҡ
̰غյѩץס˾ĸľһ㣬קĿš
ſڵϣΪ۶ľͲ
ǣǱһ˦ذϵġغգ㱧ҡѩţס̰غա
̰غղΪڶѩѾݵˡ
Ϊܺ干֪˺ѩٴˡ
ҪǾ⣬ҿ԰ϵһ¶Ժ
ĶһžƣߵſڿǽϿ˵
ҲǣҲǣѩЩЪ˹ﻹǸ߸ϵּҴС㣿
ԺȱĲ˵ģ˵øЩרҺúооĵʲôģôݶ
˵ֺ꣬һھƣ۾ɺ죬ѩʱѩһҲߵһ
غգغգûкԼӵĸһϵûУ
ѩֻί鶼ȥôˡ꾭µ˼˶˭ʲôˡ
۸ĵˣ˵ѾŮʼһƾʲôÿһ幣并ɱһ
Ȼȥ񾭾ֻͷۣķһЧûС
غңĲɱ֣ûԼģ
һԿĳѩľ֣ ڲţӰҲС
ٲȥҾ㸸ˡ
ѩɲĵţ̰غյɫһ촽õ˵
̰غôһ˵ȻѩˣԹԵķſ̰غգײײ߽̰غյĹԢ
ǻСүҵ飬Сˣллľư
ԳЦЦƿľһɨա
һ֪ܣҲ֪ô˵һԼϲ˲ףòҲˣƫƫǸԶ뿪ˣôܲģ
̰غտһۣҡҡͷһͷת߽ȥ幡
ײײصѩóֻȵ绰һͨ۵һ˳
ôˣѩôˣ˭۸ˣǲǰغǳС۸ˣ
绰Ǳ߲ԵĳүӺܵģ޳ôˣ
үүһҪΪ
̰غź幺һһѺһľƺˣصĺҲ˺üƿ
֮ǰ˵ģȵ˴ѧǾһ𣬴ѧҵˣǾͽ飬ȻһӣһŮ
ӣЩȥ֣ǿԼޱѩҲ붡ġ
ѩôôأ֪Ķ˵жôҪôﻹ
֪Բ𡣡̰غҲ֪ôȰοǲԴǵˣǺ𣬾ǿ幺ѹҲֻĬĬš
㲻˵Բ˵ʲôԲΪ㳤˧Ϊѩϲ㣿Ҹ㣬¾ѩĴ˭֣ҾǹҽѻˣҪǸȢҾͺ
̰غȢ˭ԣǲȢǸ
ãҲȢֲϲȢ
˵ģԷڡҾӦϲһ㿴һãһôԣĴľ̫ɵˡ̫ɵˡ
˵һ˾Ȼſڳ̰غյļͷصĿ
һԿǵĺһЩ㶣ô죿ˣѾɡ
˭֪ûãţǺܼٵ
̫٣ŵˣһӷеңܵһߣȡ
һһལЦЦȥš
˭幻ʶʲô
ţһסˣ⣬ǳүӣŷһС
һ̰غգ߹ȥĹشһı
̰غձûүôһ˸ࡣ
ҵĺӰүҧгݵĶֺݺݵһۺһ




ڰʮһûϵ
 

ͷʲôһ˼Ҹʲôϵ
年ͷҡҡλεվصһ³үӵļ򣬳үֱҲ˵
Ҹֲӣ˵ǼҲǷǼҵǮͷүүôأ
֣үӵŵúһҳһ£Ҳ̫˰ɣ
̰غգүӲҶԺ˵ĺ˵ʲôһ˵ĶԣǼҲǷ̼ҵģҲûа취Ժ幸
̰غ֪үԼһ˭û취
幡̰غ߹ȥ幷á
Ҹ˵ΪүүҲôģٺ˭õءС˵ĵҲ̫˰ɣҲϲ
幺ȵѾ͸ˣѾ֪Ծӵڸʲôʲô
һ߹ȥһߡ
㶼ˣȻȥ˯һɡ֪ôչģʱ򻹺úõġ
һԸô˵Ǳ߹úòã
һһ۽ᡣ
үӱһ֣˶
ֺܹ幣ϣǳ̼ҶԺ幾εġ
ˣúչɣѩһ㣬һȥˡóүӵȫˣҲ֪ԼһʼҪˡ
šүȥ̰غҲʡĲ٣
̰غյ۾΢΢ڵѩԽԽˡ
үڳ̼˽ҽͬ£ûʲôƢĻص˳̼ҡ
ѩԭſڳүӵİúһԿ
˭֪˵궡ڳүеķ
ĵ̣ͳүӿ˵ǴСһ𳤴ѣõú׽һԿ֪үжôضģ֮Ϊʧȥ۰ŮϷûҲա
Ӵ֮󣬶ҿʼ𽥰ᵽϷһԶ۶ߣⷢչƣ̼ҲԽԽԶ
Ȼĵͳ̼ûֱӵĹϵǶҶѩĽ黳Զġ
ڳүó̰غպѩʱ򣬶ҶԳ̼ҲԽԽʧҲֻԶ롣
⣬˵ǲ̫ѩˣԴǸȥ֮ΪغСôС㣬ȥҲֻּλʡ
صҷĳүӿȥЩ뵽ǰǻЩ˸С
үӣʲôã̫ˣӵúȥ㿴ǱȢǸģǶܰ뱲ӡ
⻰һ˲ү˼֮УǱ̼һš
˵ˣæΪ˹ÿҵΣⱲҲǰ׹ѽүӣҲôһ˵أҲˡ
Ҳ֪ô˵ͬĽײвͬĿڳү˿ֻһЦҲһ
Ҵ......үǻشĻ۾޷ӵ
ôһòװѾãԭڴϵ干֪ʲôʱֳڿ
㶮ʲôСƨɻĸҵĵôˣһͿĺ幽ཱུңͷǼཱུңطɻ
ҲŭֻűС˼Զ
һõüһѽСڻСүҿأ
Ѿ˳ĺһֳһܣֳ̰غɳſһһСĴ֡
ôҲֹһǣһЩΣҲˣСĲҲ˵ʲôɳ̰غһôҲֹһǣ
......ĳ̰غסˣôôôĸϡǵãСʱĸҲ׵ģȻ䣬Ǻܰ
ҲԸĸΪļˣȴů
ལһûѾཱɳϣ
ˣ㲻Ҫ
֭һ£ͷͺһּۻۡ
áһЦȥ幵ı䣬һ֭
ٺ֮󣬳̰غѾѾˡ
......ô³ĺ
ˣôû˯̰غü幻һͷǼܷɻַˡ
ⲻǰҩֻѵÿһ㣬Ѻͷ۶ѣ㵱ʲôѾҩ𣿡һͣҲûôҩ
š
ţʲô˼һ㵣ô
ȥɣһҵٻȥͺáһӣرȻ




ڰʮ
 

ȥߣ̰غüʲôҪضȥ
ǣǾүүˣѩ......ȥȽϺһɡȻʱѩҪ˵ˡ
һѩĿ̰غЩζĿ˵ѩ
ϾѩרҡһƲƲ죬û취飬Ϊ˲Ƥҩһϣֻܶˡ
ǣɣرϷǸ̲裡ڵķɻĺһѩ֣
ҪǸȢСүҾͺ˵ţײײ̰غգסĲӣȴû
Сүһʱ䣬ɱȥһҪ㣬ǲȢҲñˡ
ò˵幺ͳ̰غյĸȷʵȻҲϵôˡ
......һЩɻ֮ǰ̰غպͦϲѩİô߽֮󣬷ѩҲôĺá
Ҳϲɣϲһ......û˵껰ͱ̰غס졣
룡ˣ˵ţ̰غɫĽķӵϣţɺôڡ
......˼Ҽôĺ
Ʒ裬̰غٵ˵
......һһ۶ķѩҲ
裬Щεʱུɳ߹ȥ˳һȹڡ
ʲô̰غյͷͷʵ
壬⡣ͷһŴŴĻش
һش𣬳̰غɫ˲ǹϵôðô֪
ݵ⣿һһ֪˼һֺݵ⡣
šཱུͷǸ
ո¥ѾԹˣٳԺòãͳ̰غȥʱѾԹˣСһ֮ڲԳ̫൰⣬ݲá
һͷóǺܿġ
ҪҪ棿ը档̰غҲһʵһԵ⣬Ҳûа취
ը棿۾̵ͷ
ҪȥԻǽһţȻҪֻˡ
һᡣ̰غջͷһۣը档
ը棿һɴ۾ǴСͽôը棿
ʮӡ̰غ˵ţ߽һĸȥᡣ
ʲô̰غսʳĴӱóͷҲص
Ҳġһ㶵˵
㲻ʲô¶̰غü֪ʲô
ǣ¡һƲƲ죬һĲóԻĲãˣǻࡣ
ĶԻལ̰غտһۣǵ˼дˡ
ɲ˵ġһûô˵
ȥŰɡ̰غղ˵һ֪Ķܲܳˡ
һҲû߳ȥཿ߳С߹ȥһѱסȡ
ȥ档ƣһ춼ˡ
һܹལ˵˳Թͺͺ幻һȥңطɻ
˭֪飬ҲˣʲôˡھҲ
¥תһȦȥ̾ͻը棬òã
һСһ۳̰غǱҲûãǳȥһȦҲá
ཹɵĵͷʵһǿĵģԸȥˡ
ǰʱ䣬ţһ˵ҪʶĶ㡣
ճţһЦݾͽסˣǰվŵѩ
𣿡ѩ޵һ۾źһòˡ
ǸɰͰ͵ûŵһŵһֱһ
ʲôһ̫ʲôˣ
ҼҺͳ̼ҸһܵɣҲǣҪҲܵⰡ
ԭΪүӹҲԼٻһһɫ
˭֪Сʱˣ˵һһ
˵ʲôּҺͳ̼Һûйϵһ㶼ûСһһն˵
ѩǰһͷݺݵĵһཡ
˵㲻ǺͰغջҸ磬к幣Ŷˣг³ͦİһӵ˼ˡÿ˶Եתһֹ˵ֶǴĶѧģһСװɣǲǶǿȥģ
ѩѾ֪ʲôܣֻݺһ޵ݡ
һҪཻ˵Щ˲á




ڰʮǿһ
 

֤𣿡һ̣ѩ
ʵ̫˽ѩˣʱ򻹲֪ôء
֤ݣҪʲô֤𣿺ལ㶼֪˭ɣҸ㣬趼֪˭ϾôṴˣ˭֪˭֣
ѩ˫֣ǹƵĿǡ
˵Ĺĵĵ:Ǹ/ˣ
ѩһϵѪɫʧǰȥݺݵཡ
˵˭Ǽ/ˣСôûҲɣҲǣ֪ĶҰ֣ͥô⣬ʲôýͺһļֻ֣Ṵˣֻᡭ
ֹûУ̰غյͻȻĴǰȥһѽཱ۾ŭѩ
ȥɡٺദʵûദȥԽԽʧˡ
ҡҲԻס𣿰غգ㰡ӻ·ҪǺͲһˣ
̰غͻȻѩѾµҪﲻģڳ̰غôꡣ
òײŰľֶĸܣòײߵ߳Ϊδޡ
ڣôĿźһͳ̰غջһһһ
ҳˡ̰غտѾЩͷ
׶ͲֻȻѩ˵ġ
ûô˵ĻʲôĴʶһŮϣǶôĶ񶾣û
ҲߣҲŰҲߣѩ͵ҡͷòײܰģԲߡ
̰غû˵۾ĳ֣һţţһǳɡ
ѩûûзӦѾ˹ˡ
̰غգѩ˹ȥ͵ţ
ȵѩˣҲֻ㬶飬س̰غյĹԢҲš
Ǿ˹ҲǸ취һﻹЩģѩӣʲô
Է̰غսֺãһһ̣棬ԣ˵
ô棬һҲ˼˵ҲǶˣԵҲ档
һһҲֻܰĳˣͦóԵġ
ֺԼõĿ֮ЩͷۣĲ̫ѩ顣
磬ĴˣǺһҲ̫۸ˣѩ޵ϡﻩģڳ̰غյĹԢôñ䡣
һ۸ˣԼͣɡֺúۣһѵ黹ҪæţѩĶ
磬ں幼ͳ̰غ˹йŮ棬Ų˽ȥ˵Ϊ̰غյδޣôܷģ
ѩ޵һһģһ߶϶˵
˵ʲôйŮֺ󾪣һ˵̰߳غҰᵽʲôطأôֻһˣ
ǰھں幼Ұȥ˵꣬ٴο
һѩô˵ֺﻹס
ȵ̰غյĹԢߵʱѩ͵ڵݿڣһԼĸ磬˹ȥ
磬̫۸ˣǾ棬̫۸ˡ
ֺһƿ߹ȥš
̰غտһſڣˡ
ǡһģűõô
̰غΪѩɫûá
ңһʾֵֺ
һֺһʶŤͷ̰غգ߽Ŵ˵
һ̲סˣţֺ
ôһЩֺ֣ڲӦڹ˾
չܿͿʼˣӦһæŲǡ
㡭ôֺͻȻЩǺһͳ̰غһ𣬿վˣԼûһȥ
ǹ幵ģһЦЦ̫ˣ֪ô͡
ȥúýˣ̰غջͷһֺֿһѩ
ҡѩֺ°ڣⲻһ仰
ѩֺ֪ʲôйŮѵིˣ
ԭѩĵˣӦ˵һ
ûСǾ̫۸ˡѩӲѾԸԳԽˡ
ѩ㻹Ǻ˼һЦһף
ҡûʲô˼İһΪ㣬һ𣿡
ֺͳ̰غڵѩ˵ֻʱġ
Ǹһһֵѩˡ

һף˼ֺͳ̰غֲǲ֪ôˡ
ѩ⵽ôһ£ڵ绰˵̰غպͺһôôһйŮһң³̰غջԺһʲôͣĸϹ




ڰʮһ
 

㲻ǿǾһ𣡸磬һ˵ϲ̰غգһֺһ𣬻г³ͺ幣⼸˱תģڻҪ𣿡
ѩίǸܺߣʧȥһеˡ
ѩ㲻Ҫôִֺת۾ЩƣѾСˣôԡ
ԣ磬вɣѩŭʲô磬һֱ˵
ѩֺ۾΢΢ѩ˵Ŵͷתһߡ
ܱǸˡֺЩζĿһۺһ
ͻȻֺһȣͷһȻལСΪ̫ˣֻܱסֺĴȡ
ôˣֺͷĿ
ݵ⡣ûûϵݵء
ֺһ£漴Ӧ֮ǰÿϲһݵ......üﻹǵݵ⣿
Щˣûϲݵ⡣ֺû뵽ཾȻǵݵ⡣
ȥ򡣡ҪԵ⡣
ལղ㲻Ѿը𣿡һһ̶ཱ
ûϵȥ򡣡ֺͷЦ⡣
ѩʶĿһվһԵĳ̰غգȻǺܿĵӡ
ոѾˡһҡͷʾֺҪ̫Сӡ
ཡֺһུӺһﱧԴȥཿһȥһ԰𣿡
˵ţֺһգһ۾һӦҪԸȥЩСѺܶĵط
ϵ԰̻ŶལȥòãֺལһԵĳ̰غЩȥֱת˺幵ĹԢ
غգѩһ׷ȥ֪ˡ
飡ӦѩͻȻϵķţȻⲻĹԢˤ̰غһҲġ
......һûӦˤ˼ҵĿͷţ
áʱཱུͷӦһϲ⣬̫ˣԸȥСѶĳˡ
һʱ䣬һֺȥ԰̰غվڿͷҲǣҲģһֱš
Ǹһأأһĺ幣ԼͻȻ壬ȻЩϰߡ
֪
ɶ֪㲻֪˭֪㲻һֱһҲˣȻǲĹġ
ȥˡ̰غأ˵ôϻ
ȥˣ˭
֡
ôţⲻǸ
̰غ̧ź幣ΪʲôҪʲô
......ˣ˵˻УҪҳ̰غյɫ
ͷȥϴȻϷЩ˶ʲô
֪˶ã̲סˣεߵ̰غյķ䣺Ѿؼˣŵȥġ
ǵģ֪ѶͲܸһ¿𣿷ǵñ
Ŷ̰غպĮĻش𣬼칫
......ΣôʱɱޡϹӶóԺһһƫƫѼӲ
һ¡̰غտڣ۾Ҫˣ

סˡȻѩߣͲȥˡ
......УͻȻʲôҡͷܾٴһǣ֮Ͳˡ
ûж鷿ҲᾭɣҰѽ׷ӽ㣬סþͶá
˵һҲǰᵽ˽·סͬһӦú׼ɡ
·̰غ۾֪ʲô
ѽҪҪҲסô࣬ǴҶס㲻ȻһһЩּ췢˵ô죿˵ǰɣ
ֺǺǵĿ۾󷽷ģһ̹̹ģ
Կס̰غճĬһ֡
ʲôԿףˢͿˡ˵ţͳֻá
š̰غյĻش
ཱུ״̬ԽԽúһʼȥ˾ϰ࣬Ҳ˼ǲȥźǰһнˮʵǹⲻȥ
һεչڳϾٰģһҪúñ֡
úñҲаɣȻ̫
һκһҲȥ˵ʵڵͦ뿴ǺһӮѩ
Ҳǣѩˮ̫ˣһͬѧ......Уչпͷˡ
ҲãȻÿһζѩоһⶼûСû취˭ҾãЩίΪ˰ͽһ˵ƺã
һһӭϤİԡ




ڰʮȰƷȥ
 

һˣһδԵʣЩ˾Ȼ̬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬뿴ȥѺá
......һЩӦǶԼ̬ôãϾ֮ǰЩ˿ûΪ
һ˵ͺ΢巺찡ʱºڰæǲǺѰʲôϵ
Ȼһû´Щ˲ŲԵ޹ʶôأһʲô̼ǡ
ûʲôϵ·ƽε
ۣһҲ˵ֻҾ಻ᣬ⻰ҿ˵
˾ۣ³ЦòûһǸذ
ǲȻôش𣿱΢巾·ƽεҲû˵㣡һ˵ţһƿϵݸ
΢ȷʵԸءں΢巣³һĻȨġ
΢˾̫ˣõʱҲ֪ôܾ˵һ̾˵
ǾͲҪܾˡ³һܾͲܾʲôÿյġ
㲻ֺҲң΢ȥǳҡ
ô˼ߣڽеôһҲΪеġ
ʱȥǳôȥ
Ҳ֪ô˵ϾҾ飬ǹֲûͻȥšҵ˼˵ȥǳĻȥɣҪԼ̫ѹ
³һ£ղ˵Ļе壬ּææĽ͵
֪ˣˣ³һεչҪͳһƸȥ
ոİԵʱ˵ģ͵˾չʱһҲһ
԰ΪչΪܹͳһչ԰ȰƸȥ֪˴ŵݺռأȽϺù滮
³֪ǰҲʱǵÿһ춼ÿһĹء
ǸӽȥһԱܵúе¡ϾûһʱܻгϮ֮ĳ֣ԸĺҪ
İɣġչϵĸһ㶼רŵ˱ܡ
³ûע⣬Ͼһֱչİȫԡ
ôһ˵һҲӲͺá
Ʒˣʱ˿̾ͷڼལû˼ʵôġ
չܹЩʦܺƸ壬Ǿͺá
չҲûԶˣÿһμһչʦںܽŵĽƷơ
һûżҪǰʱڼཱུʱѾƷˡ
ڣལҽ˵ˣѾˡ
ȵ·ݿѧͿȥѧУ֮ǵö︴һ±Ƚϰȫ
Ҫ˵ɴˡҰ׶԰ǰ˸ŪȥŪȥˣ÷ҲˡǲҲøлһѽ
ѵú΢æпգӦཡ
˵ǵúúøл㣬ڲ߰һЦˣҲ˺ܶࡣ
Ҿ֪ô˵ǸŽ㡭һͦԲģûȥ
ֵ¶˵ˣ΢һҪúóͷͷǵġ
ûϵҲҲǮ˰ɡȻμңʩμңûı顣
Ҳǿ⹫ķϣ˭֪ѩȥүӣ⡭ҲˣȻһиɶģô죿
΢ҲԼѴȻǲܷŹŽġ
˵һҪúлл㣬㣬˵׶԰ڻңء
һЦ˵Ѿˡ
лл㡣ʱҲһˮݸ΢巡
΢һལ۾̵ͷ
ེ𣿡
ˣѾЩĵˡĵͷһȻ˵ˣɱǰǹŰЩ
һС˵ģ΢Щ㱡
ΰ̣ôˣüź΢巣ôˣ
΢巷ӦЩ˼ЦЦ:뵽һ˵Сʱ򡣡
΢˵ţתͷһ
ʱְͦ˭ģǰҶûз֡⸱һСģر̰غաҲұСʱ򡣡
˵ģһһ㶣Щ
ལ̸㿴ұСʱƬղŵرԺཱིҲǸС˧Ŷ
΢Ҳûע⵽һɫı仯һԶӦȤĿźһӲӰ
񣿡΢巽ƶ˵Ƭҳݸཿ




ڰʮ  
 

Ӧһ̴չȥ֪̰ͦغСʱô
Ǻ̫˰ɣӦ̬ټֱһģӿ̳ġ
Ҳ֪ԵְɡһҲ˵ʲôǰְֶ֪һЩСʱûôĳ󣬵ԽԽˡ
ƽʱǺر֮ǰƤʱĲ̫񡣵ǰ......
΢巴һལԴཾһε֮һЩԸҲЩ仯ôһǺ̰غա
ĺ񣬰һҶཱུİְǲǳ̰غǼһˣ΢Խ˵Խ񫣬仰˵սľ
˵壿С֣ԼС
⻹ǵһ˵˭أ̰غյĻҲ̫˾ò˼˰ɡ
̰غҲ֮ǰһֱû˭˵̰غյģڿ΢ֻƬҲ𾪡
Ϊ......էһȥƬΪԼ
񰡣ԺһǸ˧磬кܶƯС׷֡΢巹ЦСԴ˵
ҲҪѩֻŮϲƲƲ죬˶ģ۸衣
ۣǸС΢һЦֿ̲סС
һСܣҲϲѩԺҪ۾Բ˽ӴҲҪϲҪһ𣬺˺
һ˵̰غգ΢巼ֱҹ²۲Ȼ˵Լұ硣
Ϊʲôϲ۸ҲŲϲġЩ֣ΪʲôᰢҲôѩ
Ϊ²ãΪȴ֪ôˡ΢һ£ЩζЦЦ
ǰôһȺѣöãԴӶĵ֮˾ɢˣʲôˡ
ǰЩãҲûˣǸӺĵأ뾡һа취޸̰غա
ɶĶ޹ʼϲֻһǾǺ幡ûҪͳ̰غһ𣬿ȴ......
ôˣ΢ͻȻ˸һæʵ
ûʲô뵽ĺѣЩ˸аˡ
΢ҡҡͷʾԼû£ȥôˣʲô飿
ĺ̰غհ΢ְѻ
ϹèûʲôһЦźۼĽཱ
ͦģཱུĸ׵˭
ӦҲһֱڲźۼĶźһı仯۵ס
΢巵һ:ֻ˼ཻأСǲֻġ
΢šһӦĴȣӦЩίĿ
һʼѵΪʲô˵
΢巳ЦЦһο
ǲ׷⣬һһ
Ҫô׷ȥ֪ôشźá
ոոཱུİְ˭ڻȥ·ϣ΢̲סһӦ
⻰һʼ𣿡޹ôǹĶ
ǡ΢已˼ͣҲǣǡ
һʣͲʡܣͶ
㡭Ӧε̾˿ͷŮѣ˳Żʲô취
㻹û˵Ҫأƽ¿ɲˡ΢ߣ˵ͷ
ûֺһıر˵̰غ֮󡣡һֱڹ۲ţԿóһĺ֡
ûôע⿴ҵעˡϾʵ̫ɰˡ
㰡Ӧεҡҡͷ˵ʲôã
һĺ֣ҾбҪöԱγ̰غһӼ
ղһֱ飬ͺǱ˵ʲôһĻŶ顣
һֱ취ȥתת⣬ͺһʶʱȻ֪һƽʱɲġ
ôһ˵Ҳ֣̫ұСʱˡ۾Ǳӣֱһģӿ̳ģұԺһҲֵͦġ
ûм̰غնĸŮôĹཱིµʱӧȥһ˵ʲôǰǽʵҪǰһɡ
ʱһҪ͵͵һӼӦ磬ʱһҪӴ
һ֪ôཽͣԴһ΢巻ȥ֮ÿһοֹСģ
֪Ǽס˺΢˵̰غպĻ̰غյǲְְֻ֣˭ɡ




ڰʮְ֪˭
 

衣֪˶õལСߵһ鷿
鷿ĺһƷȹ죬ƾͻչչˡ
ལô˯һལЦøᣬ߹ȥƵǰ
صΪģСʱģǵ㳤ģϲ𣿡
һָƣཱུ
䡭ҵȻϲǡҺ֪Ұְ˭
ཱʵ̫ˣС֪ԼͱСѲһ
ڹʱǸƤûаְֻҪأСѸӺеģҲûôûи¡
ڻعˣһˣ˸ǹΪʲôûаְְ֣ȥĶ
ེ֪𣿡һЩΪѵĶʵҲҪģ̫á
ǰ֪ں֪Ǻΰ˵ҳú֮󡣡
ཱུͷͷ۾ġȵһԾʱཱུѾһͿˡ
ལ㡭һһѽס۵ĺ
ʲôأལʲôÿ޵ءһЩ۵ĸᣬòûһޡ
ء䣬ңһ۸ң˵ûаְ֡ң˵Ұ֡裬ʱҾҪаְ־ͺˣ԰Ұܶ顭
ཿ޵һͿĺһְ֣ԺѧУӻͲֻˡ
ԲལĶԲû£ûܸһְ֡
һ˵һôҲ̲סˣལҲ
һһ޵ô趼ôˣﻹҪôģ
Բ裬ԲིǹµģԺҲ˺òãཱུʱ֪ͺˡ
˵ţС§סһĲӣСļ
ཱུ飬費ãĴ̫˽ˣɵʱԼеʱ᲻õ
衣ུ˳һ
ֻ뷢йһ£ûϵģûаְҲԣõ䡣
ིһᣬЦ˵޳Ҳͺˡ
ãལӦ㣬ٵȵһ꼶͸㣬ְֵ˭㵽ôġ
һҲֹͣ˲ᣬָི˲ᡣ
ãԼˣɲڡҲΪѺһҲûôˣֻҪܺúһС
ãһҲЦֺ
вμչʦƸѾȥˣڣӦ͵Ǳˡ
һεչȻǳĻӦûȽϹƽɡˮ䣬Զȱ̫ŵԱڰԡ
ʱһỳЩôԣǲǰѹľˣ
Ӧǣÿһֵʱ򣬶ͦƽġ
ǲйƽǽоԵĹƽ
ûṵ̂غǸ˾飬˵ǰҲǳʱʱûѩӡ
ɲѩƷֱһĲֵ
Ҳǵã˵ѩƷֻͼֽУƸ忴ʵĻ
ǲг˵ĴҲѿǼͬ˵ţ漴Ц
һЩΣһԼˮˣȥ¥һ̲ɣЩˮ
ֻ֪ˮЩ²ѩ˲ֹ֪еѩ
ȭͷ촽ҲţǼʲô
Ϊû˻ǵǰˣ˭֪ڻ
ǰչϣôһôˡƷഺģȴ̰غ׿˵Ʒ
г˵Ĵ費ᴩǴԽصϸͣҲʮʮŮӻᴩƵ·
ѩתͷߵ̨һƨϢɳϡ
ͦĵģڱЩһᵽǰ飬ЩĻţ£һҲôˡ
˵ǰôԣһѩȷʵͦ˵ġû˼չ˵ܻؼˡ
³źһһһ̲裬һ߸һЩ¡
ҾڵƷаȻǱȽӲǸ·Ҳûʲô£벻߼Ҳˡ
һֱ֮˹ʦһ꣬ҪǻеĻǼ⼸ǧѧǰ׻ˣ
³ߣرϲѩơƲҵϢǿͽλʦƸҲ
ΪһʦûԼԶûԼĴ£жĳɾͣûּıһҲֻеʦ




ڰʮ  õƸ
 

ǡȻô˵ѩ벻ᱻȺ˰ɡҲ˵˶ÿϷһĿ⿴ˡ޲ñ˳аԿġ
ʲô㶼ˣΪ˵ɣ³𾪣иòôƯ˰ɣ
ǣǾڵѾܲˡǻǷ˵
һֻǲϲָоȻȷʵǲϲѩ
ǲʲôǾµĺãȻ˼ҵƷ˽ôȺ˼Ҹء
߶Ǻöˣһ뾡취ֶεشﵽԼĿ꣬һأΨ²ҵųЦˡ
³ƲƲ죬ǵһ֪ЩˣѾֲˡ
ô˵һǾòֻ̫ﲻ̫
һ֪Լ̫ܵ࣬Щ˵ʱϲҲܲ
ˣͲùôˣͺúûȥú׼չ顣
³ļ򣬿ο
ƷҶѾˣҪҵЩ
֮ǰ̰غ˵ˣʸƷƵʦѡ˳ǳ³֮ǰĹֺˡ
ŶҸ˻²֮ǰڼҵʱѾͦ
ϵǼƺһܹõĻһεչҲʲô⣬һεչ⣬ҲƾŵļƴһƬء
һһֺչ֮ǰȥе㷳ΪûƵġ
һԼĵ㣬һҪĹ͢
ʲôⲻҵ𣿡
³Цҡ
õ𣿡ѩĿΧ˿
ͬŵĻŽ㣬һΧȷϰȫ֮󼱼ææְóһͼ
͵͵óģǺܿͻֲᷢˡչеƷҪƸƷԱߵġ
ûϵ㰴˵ȥȥְһҹһͦĹ˾
ѩƸùæغá
С㣬û𣿡ŽҧҧҪǿѩ׶԰ǼķϣŲôðյ¡
ʲôʱƭ㣿һвҰ㣬Ҳˣ𣿡
ѩЩͷôô໰
ãھʹҼҵ뿪
뿪ʲô뿪Ե޹뿪ѵǾͲˣʹְͺˣ㲻ְ̰غҲῪ㡣
ܰ˴׶԰ǼŪɲó̰غǱ߻ԭ
֪ˡŽͷϬĿѩ
ѩıѩ֪ҪʲôͷӰóһпϡ
һǮҲ㣬ֻҪ㲻ҡ
ѩôһ˵ŽüЦһǮɲ٣ĻҲһݹ
Ժ󱻷ֵĻҲҵȥˡ
ĸһֱܷȰѩסѩ͸аһôҲ뿪̰غյĹԢ³̰غѾסˡ
Ϊڳ̰غǱô£ָҲܲģϺܹȥ
Ѿ֪ٴε绰ɶȥڸѩ׵ĹϵҲЩӲ
ˣˣСˡ̿ѩĳСŽĸ
ĸһ۾һ̴ɳ
죬ȥ׼һЩСϲԵķˣ˰Сķɨˡ
ͺãͺãĸüЦ߳ȥָѩڼҵĻĹϵҲӦ͡
ѩ
ѩԼĸףҲЦӭȥ
벻ң
ɵ˵ʲôأܲ𣿽Ҳ̰غ׹Ԣмôð
ĸĶͷúõһڱ׷һԼܣۡ
Ѱ̷źðɣѩϹŵİĸù
ѩȴܵʲôһʶһŰ
ĸЦסˣôˣ
ôʲôҪĶ趼ˡ
ĸЦҲİ
ϲһСһ¥˾Ͳ鷳̰
Ϊ˲ĸģѩݸĸ
ҸôŮˣΪͲ׼ԼС𣿡
ĸΣǣһ
ûʱְ軹иϵôãǻʲô
ѩͷȥЩίЩۡ
ɵ˵ʲôأ¥·ɣڼס죿




ڰʮ  ׷
 

ţҪڼס졣ⲻǿ쵽չ𣬰غչԢǱûҵĲڡ
ѩͷĸӻ֣ſĵ¥
ĸĻҲɣԼŮʲôŵأ
֪ѩֺؼҵʱЩԾ
ָȥҹ˵ҪӻҲȥҲûܰô̫߳ˣ
ô˵õɲҪ˵ֻ㲻Ҫְǰ˵ֻˣҲȲ㡣
ֺ˵ĸЩֵ
õģּ̫ܲ
ĸŲִֺһ
̰غհᵽ·Ǳ֮ѩûȥҹ
ͬģһҲûза
̰غձҲûߺһ˵һ֪ˣҪҡ
ⷿӲɣҸҵһͰġڿɳϣ޲ôϲĹԢ
̫ˣԵԼһ˺ܹµ
ֲ⣬òҲû̫Ĺϵ
̰غմ˫űóһƿȪˮšһڡ
㻹ûȥһסɽ°ڸ᲻ҪϹҵĺĺòã
ŬŬ죬ˮҲһƿ
ûգæš̰غ˵ţִӱóһƿˮ
æʲôѽǵæΪ֪˵ˣһѣֲΪ
Ҫ㱨𣿡
ˡڨڨһЦšƿǺˮСҪ
ˣҸ˵¡ˮĺ幣ͻȻ˲١
˵
˵ζҪˣ΢巡
ЩΪѵĿų̰غգ̰غǸˣӦòͺμҵɣ
΢ʲô̰غߣ붯ˣҲǸ²С
ҪСС͸ŸɣҾǵġϲô˵Ǻ΢巵ø磬ºμǿҪ·һˡ
幵ͷּͥΪҲʱ򶼻ᷴĿɳ𣬸õˡ
Ҫܰѩߣһлл
һ̰غˮƿ˶Ͱ
˵ģҪܹѩߣҲúúøл΢΢Ц䣬Ͻһˡ
⣬Ǻˡ̰غն˶٣ϣζе򣬱£򡭡Զڹ⡣
֮ѩһʲô£幺ܿ׹̰غջʲô˼
˵أ̰غտһۣת̧¥ȥ鷿ڿĺƲƲ죬۸ɰ̫ˡ
˳³İæ֮󣬺һһϵеҲܿá
ֺҲܾȣԭ˰ϼ׼
һЩʪˣƷ׷ְֻ᲻⡣
İɣѾõƷԷˡ
ֺЦúܺãϵĺá
ǡô˵һǺܽţֻҪûԷ˵⣬¡
Է⡣һҲΪˣϾԼ˾ƣһνһģǳн˾Ƶġ
ȷʵ׷˾ƣԼҹ˾Ʋض˶ˡ
ǾͺãǾͺáһĺһһֱŵڿԷˡ
ܻ֮еæΪԷƷԤһƷҪָơ
Ҳֺϵ֮⣬ԷһƵĹ˾רֻΪǺһЩݵλṩ·Ĺ˾
ҲΪʱһЩǳ³ʱҲҪ°ǵҪơ
ûһƾȻһξ͹һöԷ⡣
棬ģͻȻ䱻ô϶һ𾪵Ĳ˵ʲôá
ƭѲ׿һ𣿡Ҳƭ
ãһŬģһ˸߲ҵͻȻؼҺཷϢ
չᡭͰ
ôģֺҲܿģܲṼŬ˵ġ
ãлл㣬һһһҪŬһЩܸõ
ôźһĳ³ҲţҲźһƲҪ
֪һαƸʱжѹȻ˵ÿʦҪĥѣĥѻǳٵȽϺá
һ̫ˣչҲ쵽Ҫٳ£ǻӰ쵽ɡ
£һͳų³
ûµģҪûٰ㿴ôġҲ
һЦ




ھʮ  Ǹ
 

ˣˣҸ˵ر⣬ֺ˵ָҸһȵء
һֵģ̲סЦֱЦſĵļ͵
³ίĿˣ˭֪ȻǼٵġ
ˡǵôôɣ
ҴԷҲΪлл⼸İæ
ҪԴ͡³һҲڵĺһҲеСǮˡ
ãѡһü³ô࣬ӦԶٷ
˵ġ³һҲֻҲ˾˶չᵽʱ͵ȥԴȥˡ
ĺСò׳³ҵһҼλʣԼ۱ҲߵĲ
˭֪ȥھź幺ͳ̰غա
㡭һ幸˹һָҲ˵һĻ
ָҸʶˣҿɲǸģһĿ֤̽ס
Ҳ˼ҵ˼ôһСˣı̥еŶ
۾ӵµĽһֱų̰غգʾϽ֡
˵˵ʲô˼ǲ࣡һ:ûһĺ𣿡
ӴӴӴˣСҲҸʹˣ
û˵꣬һҽУ޹Ŀų̰غա
ޱ飬ŵļԷ·һжûϵ
̰غգðװ֪
Сˣܣ̰غϲˣǸˡ
幡̰غŻڵÿ£һס죬ЦĿźһ
ϲ˸Ҫһ³һԼ󣬺һֺһЩòãû۹⣡
ӴҶû˵أ˭ѽҪʲôϵôʶģסмˣʲôģ
вһⶼʲôʲô֪ĻΪء
û˽һСߵʲô𣿳̳̣˵ǲǰ
˵ţֳ̰غռüŪ
̰غ䶢˵һҲú幽첻ų³ȥǶõλϡ
Сôˣ߰һ԰㡭
졣̰غϵļȣίͰ͵ı죬۾ǲͣһǱȥġ
Ǹ幡
ǺؼҵģǷɽѧǸؼҡ
˵һûкͳ³ܹ幡
Ǹĺؼң³ЩԾһһͨͨŮӣ߾ȻһȺѡ
԰ǸؼңҸ˵ǸͦȤˣʱе㷳˵Ǹܺദˡ
һЦǰƽĿʱЩҲйؼҵġ
ؼҵ˼رϵģôͳôһƤЦСɰˣ
򡭡Ǳ˰ɡ³ҲźǸؼҵˣҲӴͼҵ˿ÿһǺϵİ
ҲͦõģʱһͦĽܹô⡣
ϲ뿪ˣƽҲôͦѵõġ
ȷʵҲĽ³ͷЦЦҲͨͥʱ򲻵òܵһЩԼ
ûµģҲܺðһֱ֣ۡ
أߵĺһһ֣üһ³̰غա
תһºһô˶ֶŵģ̳ҪٲͷϾԭˣ
Щżһֺ͹ˣһ³һôôһ
ţ̰غչǣƤЦⲻЦ˵ʲôԭ
ҵ˼㲻־ˡޣ죬ô˵һЩ˵Ļ
̰غŵķ²;ߣֽ죬վͷҲصߡ
ǡ̰غһû꣬һء򵥰
广ɥһϵʳƷĵĽһ򵥸˳ȥ
á³ͷǣȷʵؼҵ˲
˵ǷСһЦŽͣҲֻ˲ܺĳ̰غѰɡ
ҡһǡŽ㣿
³˵ʲôȴϤŶ롣
컹ǸӣһôϤס
һȥŽ㣬ѩһ߸ߴˡ
ǸһüŽѩʲô֪û
ˡ찡ҼǲĶˡ
³ǸˣŬĻ룬ܿ϶ǼģɵĶˡ




ھʮһ  Ǹ
 

ļģһֵĿ³ôʶôࣿ
ļˣһǼġ³նĻشոֶ࿴ۣȷǸļ
ôѩһ𡣡֣ѩǳ˳̰غնһԷ
֪˼Ѱɣܺѩ߽ˣ㻹Ҫһ¡³ʼ磬֪ǻ᲻ʲô⡣
˵˼ֻͨѶôķҲûʲôѩġ˵ѩѾֵˡ
Ǿͺá³ЦžϱһҲЦһ±
ҧһĵģԹĿһ۳̰غա̫ˣ򵥣Ա
ѵҾûһ𣿡ô޸ɫģУûԺ÷أ
ࡣ̰غһۡǺܶĻôܻ뿪
Ϊã㵽ʱ𿴵һ˼ȥǺȾ
ߣôôʶôôôģ
һ뵽ǮЩίʮ̫ˣ
Ժ㲻˵ֻζˣ㲻֪𣿡
̰غտһۣζʲôˣҪٵһѩôĻѱԺһʲô¡
ǹҾͲˣܵҵС˶֣ǼҿѧɵģңѧңҪ˵һǼҶԷһȨĻҲ档
ߣŲºζأȻ˵еС鷳
ͣɣشʦ
̰غεҡҡͷؼôͳ˺ôһ
ߺߡ幵Ȼ֪̰غ˵ʲôͷҧϵĵģû˵
̰غտ򳵴·Ǻ֪ζʲô˻
ûãһ֪ڲǸ˵˭ˡ
չῪʼӣչһչʾ죬һʱͻڶǽƷչʦѧϰġ
ΪչԺһǿԴཹġùֻҪչųԳԵģЩ˶Ʒ۾ͺá
裬ཾϽÿģླྀų³ȥһȦ˸߲ҵĺͺһ˵
ɵӡզϻЩƷûչءҪһ£˵һػкܶƷó
һ˵ཱ꣬ιһġ
ҿԼȥתתģǲܵģ
һ۾ҲЩǾúһȫõģŲ˵ʲôиõأ
һҪȥתתȥ֤Լû˵
ãȥɣǵҪѶֱͯϡ
һû취Ӱｫֱͯóϡ
ֱͯΪཿϵҲúһཱུ֪λö̬
лл䣬˵ţСչȥ
Сӵ۹⣬ҸոҲȥһȦȷʵͦûʲôĻø㽱
³üڵĺһԶһˡ
Ľ
³ʲôһ˵һЦ
ڹʱҲСɣֻǶԹڲϤǶΪǸֻ˵Ǹһ¥ڳ³ǰҪǫ顣
ǣҾе㡭֣ûѩƷ
˵ѩôǿʤˣӦͰԼƷڳе˿ˡ
չᶼѾʼһСʱˣѩƷȴٳûгҲ̫˰ɣ
ҸղſǸһ𡣡˵ѩһԼյչʱ򣬺ǿǸ˺ѩһˡ
ŶǸˣҸ˵ҼǸ˭ˣǺ΢巼ҵġ
³ɫ࣬Ȼ˵ζǺ΢巼ҵˣ΢ȴͬ
΢巼ҵˣôѩһ𣿡һûмǴĻ΢һҶѩ
ˣּͥôܺͺģڲĲʲôˣǺ΢巵ø磬ζ죬Ÿ΢ǳš
ʲôƲͶˡ
ѩʲôϵأһһͷˮѩ죬ϵҲܺá
ѩҲͬѧҲ÷ϲѩͳ̰غյĹϵã˵ǰ֪ôŭ΢үүˣͱϳǳšֲ֪Ǯȥ˺ⷢչ
ô֪ôࣿһɴ۾³Ҳܰԡ




ھʮ  ֤
 

ոİԡ³Щ޹ǹҪԵģǰԼĶġ
һһ̲ס֣һĴָǸʰ·硣
С˼С˼̫ҡ³ڰ֣Ȼͱ˻࣬Ҳᾭ˵İԣһЩ飬ǻ˽ġ
һεЦЦתͷǴˡ
Ѿ֪ȥˣֻԱкܶڴ˽
ţ㿴ĳúܡ
òǺһϳ͵͵ĺӰɣ
㿴۾бӼֱһģӿ̳ģ̫˰ɣ˵ûеʲôϵҶš
˵֮ǰ΢已Ƕһ׶԰𣿡
ԶԶԣ֣ûкӣôǼ£
ǲ֪˵ΪӣѽҾð˾Ųʮһǳ̰غյ˽ӡ
ǵĻСΪʲôÿһ˶˵ṵ́غգǰû˵ġ
ιСѣһº𣿡ͻȻ֪ĶŮˣк
һ£һС߹ȥ
𣿡ò˵̰غճɣ
ǺһĶӣǼŮһȻЦŸʵ
ƲƲ죬ô¾Ϳ˵ĥĥģŮ鷳
ȸ̣߰ǲǺһĶӣ
ǡ
ְ֪˭𣿡ЩŮ֣һС˭֪ȴྲྀ˹ȥ
ǼŮЩΣ֣ûٶֶš
֪֪ʲô£ѵ֪תһ£Ȼʵ
Ҳ֪ǿ㳤úỴ̰̂߰غǲְ֣
ģüһˡ
㿴㿴ոֲмֱͺͳ̰غһģһ
ȷʵڵԽԽ̰غˣһ֮
ϣСոЩҲûôעǰʲôˡ
ǳ̰غգͷһͷײԼϵС˶һôˣ
ǳ̰غյ̧ͷϸĴ
֮ͳ̰غվû棬˳غճʲôˣȻ˼˵ںͳ̰غճ
ڼȻ˳̰غգҪúõĹ۲һ£ǲǺú
ô˵СӲ˵ôһ仰˵ֻôÿ
Ƕ˵Ҹ㳤ú񡣡ཿˣڿ˵۾һֱ̰غա
㿴Ҹ㳤𣿡̰غüལͦ˼ġ
ͷһǰչĲһ¾ӣֿ˿̰غա
ģֲģôܸ㳤񡣡
˺ߣϵġΪ˵˳̰غղİְ֣İְǸУ塭
ðɺðɣеǡǳġ
Ŷ𣿡ĲĻСӸһ᣿
ѵ˵Ұְ˵ҰְǸУ𣿡
°ͣƵĿų̰غա
ƯŮ˶ȽϲС̰غȤĿСӣͦС˵ġ
˵֮˱ó˲١Ļǰûʲô𣬵ȷʵЩһ
Ǻôش̰غأ
ཡ
غա
ʱͬʱһǺһཱུһѩг̰غա
Ǳߣѩͺζһ߹ߣǺһͳ³
˵㵽ǲҰְ֣һżòһСԣҪǲ֤ĻҲ̫ϧˡ
ְ֣ζѾ߹ˣȤĴེͳ̰غա
ʲô£ü˴ͳ̰غյĶԻ
ལûòŶһһôһ˵̽˵
䡣ཱུͷЩ˼˲ʹ˵
㻹ĻȻӶˡͻȻ̰غĿڣźһ档
ҡһסˣʲô̰غǱ
еŮ˶̼ܽҵţ㲻ð׷Ļ⺢˭ְ֣ͷϡ
˵̰꣬غձתͷҲصˡ
Ӵһ˵ôչиأԭѽô۱ưغճ𣿺һҸ˵Ұأǳ̰غյģ˵ѾӼ𣿡
ѩϲ벻Ȼ̰غô˵һ




ھʮ  Ǻ
 

ʲôӼһ©һģʲôʱ飬ô֪
ཻ׶԰ʱ򣬰غѾӼѽǣĺӾͲĺӣ㳤Ҳûá
ѩΣﻹ˼ȥ̰غΪʲôͻȻͺһ˵
ǳ̰غԼȥģһɫЩŭ˭֪ºӼ
̰غվȻӼǲ֤ҲɹེĹϵ
ུ뵽һųһ亹ֲ̰غǺô׽ǲĺӣ׽ͽ˰ུߣ
ѽǰغԼȥģ㲻һֱ˵ʲôϵЩҰèҰҲϵģȻôȻʲ
ѩü߹ȥһཱུ
ңཷӦȥ۾ŭѩ
̣
ǣô߳ŭˣѩɫЩѿεֿ֣һ
ߡһͷϣ̰غվȻ͵͵Ӽ
Ĳ̣͵͵Ӽʲô˼
һѵӼĽ㲻𣿡ѩüһַӦ
ͷϣں˰ɣ̰غյôһ˵ûչϴȥ
һ˵һֱǰߡѩҲûȤҲٴ̼ˡ
һֱڶ¥һ̵ֺ̲סü
ѩ˼ǳ̰غҲӼӼı滹ǲӹϵ
ǵʱѩ鷿ҵһӼдŵõǳ̰غպཾӵĹϵ
뵽ֺ׷źһȥ
һ
һ˽Լͣûͷ֪˭
չỹûнҪȥĶǻΪѩһڿĻ뿪չˡ
ȥˣҪཻؼҡһ뵽̰غӼһоûһδΡ
ûΪʲô̰غϵӼֺֽԺһŲɣһ˵гغյĺӣཾһǳ̰غյĺӡ
̰غϵǷӼô£
һллЩԱ̰غǷݱأ
һŭЦû뵽̰غվȻˡ
Բ˵ĻһʼҲû˵ĻΪʲôҪ˽ȥӼأ
ǳ̰غΪֺེһ۾ôĴǵལһʱ֮Ҳ֪ô˵źá
Ȼ˼ҸǸǾһֱǸɡ
һɫ䣬ҲãԺͲ˰ུˡ
㲻չỹûн
ֺ̾һ̰غϵǷӼǱѩֽˡ
ҲһҪ⡣ʱʲô֪ͨҾͺˣིȥˡ
ղ֮ȥལҲΪЩԷ
³̰غջ۶Ļźͳ³ææȥལ˭֪һ
ˣ³أһӦ³ôˣող
һˣʱ³չܳ
ôˣһƣַʲôˣ
Ʒ³̫ܵˣЩ
ҵƷôˣֳ
ƷѩƷײˣոźһһģ˭֪˽ס¡
͹ȥһۣȻѩƷչˣƷͺһĺ
ʲôôܣƷһˣ
ģȥɡ
³ҡҡͷһһѵ˹һ
ֺҲüͷܣѩƷôͺһײһˣǲǸˣ
ҷƷԱûƸ壬Ƹȥˣ
Ƹ岻һͽȥô£
Ҳ֪ƸѾȥˡҲǻʹ㣬ǻ᲻Ǳܺ𣿡
һһˣǱ˶ˡ
ȥֺһѱ̤չߡ
һͳ³һۣҲ׷ȥ
ôƼֱһģһ͸˸ɫѡ
ɲǺһչ𣿸òѩϮɣ
˵ϾҾѩĲ̫񡣡
ⲻǹ𣿡
ȿ˵ɣһҲǸƷƵôã˵ǳϮѩأ




ھʮ  ٿĪ
 

һȺ߽ȥÿһøһ鷳ġɲ֪ʲô鷳ȴǴûжϹ
˿һӰ׷׶һԾظ·³ֹĿʲôû˵ĬĬ˳ȥ
ˣһ֪ôˡȺ۵Ҳ֪ôᷢ飬չϣͬ˾Ϯ黹ûз
һ㳭ϮҵƷ˵˭Ҫѩǵ֮ĵһûĹ
ǣûгϮһĿһۡ˵ƣҺʱˡ
ཱིµʱѾƶˣʲôʱϮˣ
ûҵƷǰ˰С֪ŶѩһгЦĿźһһΣ׼ܳء
԰԰ʱСѾ˻ǲǿĹҪҪæСһεû˵ѡ
ǰѩԼȷʵˣҲʹС費Ҫæ
Ŷ˼˵ƷˣϵеģһԼ侲ĶС֪СѩĹϵ̫
ңûǸʱɵİСͨԾӲһҪվѩߵģ˭ù˾ֲպ
Ȼ㶼ûƷôȷˣ˵ҵƷ13ŵʱɵôţ
һһôֿʼҪ鷳˶
ǿʶ֪˵ģѵ׼˵˵ˣʲô֤ݣСһʵ
ʲô֤ݣҵĲ磬𣿡
Χһеֶѩ
ң֤ݵġѩվҺ㶼һ˾ģ̫......
˵䣬ѩһʹεӡ۾һԵĿ֮ת
ʲôˡ̰غմȺ߽Ⱥüͷ΢óǺϲֳ
һϮҵƷһ̰غգѩǵǰֱס
վԱߵĺζɫһŴ˵һֱѩһҲŹ
վá̰غü˴ЩӦ
ôⲻδ𣿳ܻ±˵ζЦ۾ǳ
һζ죬Ц˭㲻Ҫתƻһˣ˻ٸͣ鲻
......ζȻû뵽Ȼô˵ǻڷ˼ϵˡ
ʲôңȽڳֵʡ˵ҳϮƷ˵ţһһΪպξ˲
û˵һ·ʲô𣿡̰غüֵģﵱʲô
......߹һи
ˣʲôǲһֱúñܵƸô᲻أ
ţҲǸղŲŷֵġЩ˼ȷʵʧְôصĴȻڲŷ֣ǲ̫˵㡣
ƸȥĶˣ̰غ˲ף͵˺һˡ
ͽȥˣ⻰Ӧ𣿡һЦЦôЩԱ
Ƹ岻ڣҵأѩ˵һһҪúһһɫơ
ܣ̰غտֺ˾ˣӦһ
硣ѩ̿ĿֺôأܲΪһ˵Լðɣ
ֺ촽֪ô˵֪һǺһĴѩ뵽С
Ȼ޻˵Ǿͳ˵չʸ񣬵˵Ҳְֻ취ּܹҺͺһ˫ˡ
......ѩü뷴Ϳ̰غվ˲û˻
һҲ֪Ŀǰ˵õĽ
ãҵȳܵĽ˵꣬һཱͷҲص뿪᳡
ֺҲζĿһѩѩЩĳζǱ߿ȥζ˳ֽѩڻΧ˲һƬ
˭֪ѩǳ̰غյδޣζôڸ̰غѿ
ûȥҺúðݷأȥ尢̣Сζ쿴һԼѩˮ
˳㿴ѩ
㡣ֺԺζûʲôӡ󣬶˵ζһ۲͵ˡ
ǡʱ˵ʱ򣬺ζ۾ǿ̰غգɳ̰غȴûκε




ھʮ  ԴΪ
 

һĻؼң벻ѩôô¹س̼Һּ鰡
Ҫǻƽʱ˿ѩӲˡ
һΪչᣬô˶ڣкܶ˶̫ŵġ
кܶͬУмߣڻ֪ʱôء
裬ôˣΪʲôղŲ֤ó
źһ䣬̫ǿó֤֤Լ׵ġ
ལ㻹С㲻һҡҡͷеĹϵ̫ڸӣ˵ֻҪ֤׾ˡ
ңҾͶѽС˫ֺʮȵ˵
һͷɰģúһ̲סЦЦ
ѽһ˵ı:밡ǸáҪǱ˼֪ϮƷǲһ˶ѿʱҲúΣ԰ɣ
̧ͷƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ȷʵҪұ˼˵ҳСѵҵҲúܺ
ô࣬ѿ𣿡
һһཱུС
Ҳ룬ҾܺãҲܺã裬ϲ𣿡
뵽ڻ᳡ʱ˶˵ͳ̰غճ񣬿ǳ̰غȴϡ
һ뵽ྲྀԳ̰غյӡԽԽ⡣֪ЩԲǿѨ磬ĺпܾǳ̰غյĶӡ

Ǹ貢һһ⣬ţһǸС
ȻǸУǻػء
˵ϲ
һüˣǲڴʲôˣ
ܹһ˵ϲ
͡
һЦСվ
ˣȥԵģԼȥͯɡ
ղڻ᳡Եǵ㶫˵ܿͶˡ
Ҳɣ֪һ˺ܶ಻ĵ飬һҪԡ
磬ſңѽſңץˣ
ѩֺקţһּҴլ߽ȥ
ֺɫһԲǽѩߡ
磬ﰡſң
ѩǲģΪ֪չĹˣֺͼˡ
һ㸺ĳһסģ
ôˣĸֺѩקɫ󾪣ǰȥ
ֺƳһѽѩƵɳϣɫԽڳ
ôôĸǰֺ֡
Լʲô£ԽԽˣ
ʲôˣôǸĸѩʹһɫһᰲοֺ
ңҲûʲôô֪ôֵֹģҵֶקˣ
ѩɳϣͷԼȴĲҿֺ
ǺǣʲôҲ˵ĳֺòûִ֮󣬲ѩʲôûڣǺСʱûúһˡ
ѩ˵滰ĸֺ֪Ե޹ô
ôˣֵģһģ
ָ¥һ߿ſĳ֡
ְˣ۸ңקң㿴󶼺ˣ
һָѩ񿴵˾һܹȥİֵݸָߡ
ô°ָһ֣ȷʵˡ
ǣչϵƷǳϮһģȫչᶼڿּҵЦ
ƽʱڹ˾ССҲˣҲȥһúõǸߣ¹ּһ̫ŵѩôôϷ
ûУ磡㶼û֤ݣѩ̫˽ָˣֻҪҧŲϣָû֤Ҳֺ
Ȼû֤ݵ飬αش󶯸λ𣬰һ۸أ
Ȼѩһָû˿ԥվߡ
ǣϲҲ۸Ұɣѩ̧ɣְֻվߵģ
û֤ѩ㲻ҪҲ飬ʱ˭ÿ
չ֮Բش̰غվΪ˱ȫ˫ӣʱȥĻֻ»ѩӣ
û֤ݣ֤ĶǿңҲƳĺƷ
ѩӲΪ޷죬ûֱ֤֤һϮҲҲϮ֤ݡ
Ȼ˵֤ݣǾͲɡѩָ۾΢΢
㳭ϮĻΪһ֮˽˼ͳ̼ҵĻ
ָΣζԶѩ̲סһ¡




ھʮ  ε
 

֡㣬˵ʲôѩ£ָĻϾҲȷԼǷ޷졣Ҫıˣָ˵һƢܾˡ
ӦҵƢģָһ׹¶ѩ˾Ųʮˡ
֣ôͲңֺżԴǳָ֮ƫѩ
Ȳ˵ˣѩطϢ
ָֺһۣתͷĸεÿǣⶼôˣһĳͣ
СʱôãҲôԽԽأ
ֺһѩѩ˸ܻط䡣
ûƭ㣬СҶûô㻹ҲǹΪԽԽ񻰣һ˵Ҳ֪ƳôõƷģ
һˣѩ׼ＸָĸҲ
֪һЩϾãѪףƬô
ָһĳȣֺ֪ѩĴĻ׻ô
ôֺЦ:ѵǸ߱ѵҪһְ֣˵飬Ҫ۵Ĳ𣿡
ֺ̾˿˼ˣѩһĸ鷳ƨɣʲôΪã
ˣȥɣ˵ʱȲҪȥóԼú÷ʡʡ
ָ˼һڰֺ֣ϲΪָͬˣ̿ĵĵͷתͷȥ
ֺû߳ȥãָ¥ֺĳȥֻ绰
ߵߵߵĸվѩ⣬š
䣿ѩĸһʶˡ
ָƫĸᣬĸƽ
ѩӦҲ֪Ϊʲôĸ΢΢һЦ߽ȥɳϣĿתĿ
ѩ÷ëӵ߹ȥ
Ҳ֪ѩشܵͣ͵
Ĳ֪ʲô
ĸҲżóŲݸֽ
찢̴ɨ㷿ʱ򣬲СİϵˮˣŪʪһЩóȥɹ⼸Ƹ壬ܰҿһʲôƸ𣿡
ĸ˵ţƸݸѩӣ̱۾ȥӣҲ˵
ѩһӲ£»ϡҲ˻Ҫȥˣѩ˵𣿡
ѩӣĸҲżƵĽƸá
ǼƸ壬ǺһʧЩ滹ɷǩдźһĴ
ղʱҲѩƸûˡ
ʹĸʲôʦҲó⼸ƸжôͬǸ˸ɫ˵˼Ԫء
ֺ˵ģѩмＸ֪֪ܲܲ
һ֪ѩˮƽƣò鶼֪ŮϮһƷ
Ҳ֪ʲô֪ϮҵģҵĴҲŮŮ
ѩµñ۾ŶҡͷԵĴ󺰡
ôΪʲôƸڸô죡Ҳ֪ĸ᲻淢
ѩ˵˼ҹǵ裬ΪʲôҪôأǲʲôһĵط
ĸɫ֪ѩΪʲôôԺһϣһ죬Ů϶ԴˣҪ;ԽԽԶ
۸ңغգʱ޿̵Ĳڹغգ˲źãҲſģ
ĸر£ѩڱ̲ס󺰣һᣡ
ĸӣεĽƸպãԱߡ
ѩȻˣǺúϴ㲻úϴҲҪˮ
ѩĸ˲ˣѩΪԼµĴеġ
ôѩ˶£޸ֺľĸƨɣʰ̯ӡ
ڿǴˣشѩΪԶóе
ҲҪҾҾҸ㱣֤һôˣ㲻ҪҺòãŮĿŮе˵ǳϮ𣿡
ѩ޵ñݵģĸϣ֮ͨĸŮĸٰʰһ̯ӡ
ѩпҪ˺һһҪǱڹԺôҹô
ȥǮ򲻾𣿡




ھʮ  û
 

ĸüƿȻǲ̫ͬ˵
ǼûǮţôȥƽ£ѩҪ˵ٴβУǲеģҪĹҪż˿Ըƨɡ
ĸ֣תһߡ
ƫĸ磡һλǸĴĻ㻹ô˵𣿡
ѩҲվŭĸָ˵
Ļĸ𾪣󽥽ʧ
һֱΪ㶮ҵġĸɴ۾ⶼΪá
ּͥŮӵҪѩڸ̰غջһһأֳô£һԺһĸԸҪ
޸һͨҪԸôôɵͲøԼ·
˵ѵûƫ𣿴С㶼øʲôȷģʲôãʲôǵ°ܻƷ⣡
ѩЪ˹˵嶯ʱ򻹽ԼЩĻƷױƷɨڵذϡ
ּҵĵذľʵذ壬ЩƷͻױƷڵϵʱ򣬷˵
ʱ˿̵ĸģŵ˵÷ɿ졣
㡭㡭ĸָѩһֳͷ˲ˣͷΣҺܡ
ʲôң˵òҲİɣСͲһ𳤴ʲôǸã㻹裿裿ôˣ裡
ֺӵϢʱĸѾVIPĲˡ
ô£ֺһѽѩ˵ѩĸܣĸεˡ
ҡҲ֪ҽ˵Ѫѹߣ಻ãҡ
ѩ֪ʲô֪ĸ˵͵ģʲô֪
㲻֪㡭
ˣ˵ˣѩȥһҽƷѡָˮݸѩп֧
֣㡭ֺһԣѩôô
ٳȥԺֻԽԽ⡣
岻ãŰ̫ȫġá֮˵̫̼ˡ
ָ˵ţϸĸ֣Ĩ˪
˵Щ˵ĻƶȲ̰غһɣ
ֺܻ̫ˡ
ǰѩôǶǵĸײ
˵ˣҺԭġǲǵиСùã
ָתͷ̾һ
ţҼǵãҰʱǡȥ𣿡
ֺüǵùóúСʱǸùþȥ档
ıķܻ͵͵ûٸǸùýӴ
СҲǺ˵ùñ˹֪ôľɱˡ
֪ô𣿡
˵Ϊɱ𣿡ֺⶼǺöǰˡ
ԣӣɲΪǾ⣬ʲôΪġ
ָ̾ôСҲûܹʲô̼ҪԭǼŴ
˼˵ֺסˣǰɣôѩ
ǲǾô֪Īֺʲôָ֪
ЩûʲôֺͷѩԽԽȡ֣ӽܲԼо񼲲
ҵǰҲҲ˵ѩоϵļ˵ⷽൣ
ָվļ֪ЩѩԽԽȡ֣ԽԽԣֺЩΪû취ѩ̫ϸʵڲԸȥ̼
ֺͷҧŴΪѣһε顭
ô죿Ҫúһ
ˣѾýϢųȥˣһһξ̫ŶԲɡ
ʲôֺ͵̧ͷ⻰ʲô˼
֡㡭
ѩҵŮҪָնûа취ѩûⷽĻһ
ֺû˵˳ȥˣһǲѾˣ
ڼĺһӵĶŵĻԽԽί
ҧ촽˵۾Ų
ѩǸ̰غյ
ҾҲһŰɣûرȷ֤ݡ
̩Ŷô˵ˣǱҲĬˣһκһưͳԻɡ
Ҫһ˰Ȼʱǿ󡣡
չ˼ҳ̰غղ˵һ˳չôͱ˺һ˳һҪֹβܲμأ
һһ߿Ļһ߽ץסԼȹӡ
ǰչϣ̰غ˵˻һƽĽģʲô
裬ţͻȻུӶͯ̽ͷ˵




ھʮ  ˵Բ
 

ŶˡһǸʧȥ˻Ʋޣеվȥš
Сˣ㻹ðɣǺ幣һͷӦŹġ
ɡһһۣתصɳ
ҿϵǣǰغոɵģҪ̫ˡ
һϵЩۣԭ绰̰غʲôģɶԷһֱ˽״̬
û취ºһԼһڼһ˼룬ȹˡ
ûȥκˣİɣһЦЦǰǸͲһˣôȥǣ
ǵԶǸʱĵưˡ
һ㲻Ҫô˵ʱٸȥһ³̰غգˡ
Ȼʱ̰غ˵˻ȥͲô
ûҪ𣿡һЦѾչˣʲôˣߣҲûм
ҲǣΣչϵЩ˲ûбҪˡ
ģ㲻Ҫô룬غҲ֮
Ϊ˵ģһüѾˣ˵ȥ
̲סҪޡ
衣ĳ߳һãȻĿǡ
ôˣһ㿴ལŬЦݡ
裬㲻ĵĻͲǿˡĲ𴩺һ߶ˡ
ཡôһ˵һۿģû
裬ǲǳǸ۸ˣĻȥ
ཻС֣һߡ
ལĴ˵飬㲻Ҫͣòã
żˣôС˶Ҳ̰غˣ
ҲŲСӣǶ۸裬Ϊʲô˵
ཱུһۺ:ҪҲˡ
ҡ广ЦãʲôʱһСҲвˣ
ôˣȥ
ͻȻཻͷſǱߴСǱȥ
ŷֺСӵ۾һºˣֺһ۸衣
أһལֺ߽һڿһĲ΢
ʲôҲǸ𣿡
һ̧ͷޱ飬ǶѾѡ񣬸ﻹǸأ
һеӣ鲻ġҸףҿԸ͡ȷʵвѵĿԣѩľ⣬Ҹײ̼ԡ
ֺͻȻ˵ˣͻȻúЦ˼ҺһƾʲôҪѩڹ
ѩвô
ˣ˵ˣΪĻĲһҡҡͷͷɬЦЦ
ˣʲôʸƽأڵһж̫Ÿģֻ˼ջȥ˶ѡ
Ҹ˵Ჹ㣬ģ̩ŻҪġѩǱߣҸҲӦĴ
Ҫί𣿡
۾ֺҲˡ
ཡֺͷҲ֪˵ʲôôȥ͡
岻ίûа취
˵ֺȥȴྲྀ˹ȥ
㻹Ҫίˡ
˵ţܵһǰ˽
ҲָǺúöԴˡһ㳤Լ
ôˣ⼸嶼εˡ˭֪Ȼôԩ
ܲ˱ԩ׶԰ʱ˼ԩҶúѹǲҪΪСʲôʵҶԺȥǲǾͱ˼˵ǳϮˣ
˵ţ۾Ứ̫ˡ
Ʒҿģôȥ˵ģԼ˴ȴϳеǶߣҲҪˣǾͷ
Сͨ죬ҪСһҪЩ˶ϳȥ
ˣལû£û¡һͷལ̲ס
裬ʲôû£ô໭ģôƣ˵Ǹཱུģ
ʱһ˵Ǹ·ͬʱ·
ˣ˵ˣ˵ˡ
һֺҲһᣬܵίʲô˵ģ
ֹμչΣǵȹԲμ
һĺܶԲҡȻȥˣ̫ԶҪ㡣
ֺ֪ԼҲֻһͽգȻҲ뿪ɡ
ţ߰ɡһڰ֣Ҳ뿴




ھʮ  Ҫְ
 

ֺû˵ʲô˺һۣڰ֣ŷĵ뿪
ȵֺ뿪֮󣬺һŽཷĿĺί
飬ô̩ŹأֺǸɵְ˵Ჹ̫ţ˶Ц𣬶
һСˡΣ޴֣֪Ҫôο
ֲ迪ģེڹʱܿġ
Ȼѣ벻ô۸ǣڻعûжãܵôί
ཡ֣ͷ:Ҳ迪һ㣬ǡ
˵ʲô취ּҺͳ̼ҵ飬һϵûУ֣ҲΪ
֪ã壬ҲĹ˾ȥˡ
ȻǸСӣ֪һܵίѾʺ̫Ŵȥˡ
һ广һһֹסֽҲ˲Լ
幣û£㲻Ҫ˵Լ飬ζҪԼȥ
ܲ˲УҪʼյˡ
㡭ȻҰʿĸ˾ԡ
֪ڵĺһһȥϣʶⷽҲ١
áһҡҡͷཱ
ལĻͺڼңȥ˾һˡ
һԩܲˡҡֺԸҪǻ̫ţָҪǶ鷳
Լ뿪ǲѩǲ̰غգ㿪
Сһǵģ衭û
һŵʱ򣬺ֻǻһˡǸ׾ױͬһΣһǰһرޡ
̫˿һʱҲһ
ԭǻΪڵĺһڼϴ㲵ò񻰡
˭֪ȻôԵ
ӴôҪҶˣҶÿĸˮڱȽϺϽȥ˷ˡ
СһһȻٲ˷ڿࡣ
ǡ
һЦĿһ
ô˶˼Ϊʲô
˻һĻһΧһٳ⻰Ҳ̫йˡ
㣡СҵĿΧÿ޳һôô˵
ԼǾÿɣϾֻг˲Ż֣˵ǲǰ
һ𴽽ǣսС֮ǰСģֳ½֣˵Ҫж̡
Сû취ûڿڿһɺһ⻰ôȥڿ
Χ˶ͦһķ̣̲סЦ
ЦʲôܺЦ𣿡СܻĿΧָǴ󺰴С
Ȱĸɣǻҹֻڻҡ
˵ţһصļ򣬲ĸ߸Ьֺİ칫ȥ
ãԺһһ飬ܵ۸֪𣿡
칫ֺںͳ³Ĺ
ѾҪһнְķ߱չ飬һ޹ġ
ˡһŶ롣
һһֺ۾æվ
ոڵʱ򣬺һ״̬ܲãôáôˣ
ܡһһֺԼ
ְġ
ǣְֺһ㶣ΪʲôҪְΪһε
ǣһ侲һ£ѾְнˣһΡ
³㲻𣿡һ³³ͷǰְнܺһĸԸıĻͲǺһˡ
һҡҲְͬҿԸнݼ٣ȵٻҲԡ
ֺˣûһ˵ְΪܻа취ġ
ܣҪְһ:Ǵ˾ΥԼ𡣡
Ҫְѩ̫Źڣ鷳Ͳ١
˲ʲô֪һչѾ̫ŵĹƱͣˡ
뿪ѩ鷳̫Ҳʲô飬ֺҲôۡ
ֺ̫࣬ѣһҪߣһҪְ
һҾǿٺúһ¡ҪֻҪҶ㡣ңң˵Ǹ˾һƷҪ㸺𣿡
ֺͬ⣬úһְֽڹְļҹ˾Ҫ
ֺĻһԳЦЦ
ǾóʱǼҹ˾ң




һ  Ҳû
 

ֺһϣһͨˣôˣ
˵ò֮Ǽҹ˾ʹ绰˵ʲôȻϲһƣڷ˼ϣǲˡ
ǻģĻõĵһ̫ŵƷͿõ㡣
ֺǲģסһߣչ˵
ˣҲҪʱллôչң˵ʵĺܿģرϧѡ
һ˶٣¶Цݡ
Ժ﹤ˣʲôѴһǻ뵽ģӰ
һЦֺûйϵϣԼľٶֺš
һҿ԰㡭
ˡһĻ:ԼԵģˡܲһӶű˰ɡ
ֺ֪ˢҹһݹҪ
һĲٿһ𣿡
³Ĳᣬһ֮ʸ˵ˡ
Ҫ˵ĻԺ¥µ̲һһҶ֪˭һˡ
³֣סһ䣬ͼܹ˵
ȵĻԸңҹһȡ
һЦЦôһ˵³֣һҪְˡ
ִҪְǾͰչ˾Ĺƶɡºְ
ֺЩһֻһ΢Լ롣
Ҫǹʮ侲ںְ飬ǡˡ
ãлл㡣һһҿͬ⣬ûһҪ
̫ŵĹƶȣԱͻȻҪְʮĴнݼ侲ڡȹʮ죬Աְˣͻճϰࡣ
ÿҲֻһĻᡣ
̫߳ŵĴŵʱ򣬺һȻܺá
֮ǰκһã̫ţǵõ˻ᣬҲõ˺öѡ
ǡһЦЦ鷳Ҳ١
һ뿪ʱһɫĿȵͣǰ
ҡȻóѾ٣رá
һС㣿ῪڣòԶģһ˿˿߸ϵζ
ǡһһۣʶɡ
ֺҵĶӡŵˣָ˭
һ˿Χٿһָ
ң𣿺һָӡ󲢲ãΪ֪ϵϢųȥġ
˵ڵľѩͳɵġ
ϳɺС㡣ָ֣ڸʻ³һ򿪳š
һһۣͻȻЦ
˼Ҳ:ʲô⸽Ҹʲô˵Ϳˡ
ĳҪǱĵƺҲϴ˰ɡ
ָһ㶣漴Ӧﲻǰ
ǽҲرֲӻϲ
Ҫ꣬ҲᱻŮԵȥİɡ
Ҳáָͷ³̫Ÿȱٿ߼ͻС
СǸˣ֪һΪʲô
һָҲֱӿżɽ
֪ءһ̧ͷ֪ô֪ô
ղţ˵ְˡǲ⣬ֺƽʱ˵һʱ֪һȻûаȴаǡ
ⲻ֮𣿡һЦҲӡ
ȷʵܴ㲻һ裬Һ֧ͺһ𡣡
ָŮԣ󷽣ȥĺ˽
ҵ˵ʲôҲ˵Ǹ裬һҪȥչҶӡ
һѾû̫ģָһֱĻô
ָЦЦùŰݸһ
ǣһһſЦ:ʲô˼
ּҶԲġſǰǮô˵Ҳһĸ°뱲ˡ
һ˵ǿſģ
һЦӹһۡ
û˵ĻŰҲһǧɣ
٣ָüɲˡ
ҺһˣֵǮʦһ׬ңּʦһ߰ʮɡǣԶûһεĳϮ粨ҾˣôſǮʮĹʶô٣
һʱҵ⸱ǲǾǺܻˣǶԲҲܻ㡣
㡭ָɫѿûһȻô
һգҲһգûһô㡣




һһ¹Ŀ࿴
 

죬֪Ϊʲϲˡ
ãָڸпرƯرԶ
һЦϲһôɣеֻġ
Ҳϲһһ㶼ֺǺ㡣ôǲϲ
㲻ϲָüţȻ˸ϲӣ
ܲ˸һ˵ţһϡ
ҲǡָͷϲĻѾеʣˡ
ҵĳ㣬һұ˺ڹ
һֹסЦڿɲָĵġ
Ҫ£ŮľЩ
ô˼˵ǲɱҲҪ½⣿
Ҳ챻ѩĥľˣҲûиԣƾʲôҪ⣬Ҫԭ£
ȻѾ˺˵飬ͲҪ˻ԭ¡ˣҶӻڼأܺŮҵ
˵꣬һɴ˳㻹ԼǱƷǮ˲뿪
ЩεĿָǲҪȥסһ
С㣬ϲŮ𣿡ָסûҪ׷ˡ
һ⻰˲䰡ͷҿ˭֪ϲֻش
ָĿ:Һ˵滰ˣ
һЩЦ
ϲôϲĺãƯôʣһôиԡ
ӣӾָЦҲǣӶôϲˣô᲻ϲ
һһָڲͬǴźӺһҲͬġ
ϾǼ˵õļԶԶûкõá
װı磿΢巿һֻϵʾǳ̰غ˭
С̰غվڰ칫ҵشǰֲſڴѵ˿ڡ
Ŷʲô£΢òΪһɡ
ӦõõϢˡ̰غ۾ҲͲµһְ
˵һ飬֪ˣôôĺһ
յǳš̰غղǱߵĺ΢ڰԵζֱӿ˵
΢üǰɣôһԵģ
ʲôʱǼһôˣ΢已Ź԰Ļᣬĵʵ
ղգ̰غͬᡣ
Ҫҡ
ˣȥˡ
ȵȣǵģһüȤζûУҲ֪ǼôôȤˡ
գ֮ء
΢üѺһеǳŶãԺʲôԿĲ
š̰غŹǣһֵ:ллУҵ⡣
˵ֻҺ£ȥһ
ллأ£̰غռˣ˵ʲôлˡ
΢ȥҲʱ򣬺һҲŻ广Կóһ״̬˺ܶࡣ
ĴְˣǺ΢巣Ҳܺ档
ôõĹ˵ְʹְһҲǸ
ţˡһƽһƵĺˮһཱུͷ
̫ˣ幺ͺ΢ͬ
ţһǾַӦְǺܿģ
ʲôҲһֱ㵽ǳãҿԹˡ
΢巺ͺ并ӣЩεЦЦ
ȥǳǡһԥȥǳĻ᲻Ӱ쵽ǳţ
Ϊѩ̫ŵĹƱܵӰˡ
ûϵǳŲ̫ͳϣĸ˵ǳģҸ
˶֪ǳŵܲú΢Ǹ˵һŮǿˡˣ³͸ܾգҡӮ
һ˵Ǻԥ鷳ȥС˾ģЩС˾ţֻʵľûôں
ҪǲĻԺһΪԼһ֣ԺǸݹȵʵĻᣬȵʵĳϣٸ߹
΢巿ԥķ
׿һв˵ϲһƣҲǴҶܽܵġ
ЩȲˣȵʱһ˳ɼЩ˵ҮҲ̫ˡ
ҿǿǡһ̧ͷЦЦ
ʱ򣬻ԸվߣԮ֣εºܰ
Ҿ͵˰ҪڼҰ칫ҲԣֻҪʱ壬ȥҶԽܡ
ǳŴײȱʦһеҲ⡣




һȥ̫԰
 

Ӧ˺΢巻úÿ֮󣬺幺ͺ΢巾ͶһˣԻҪԼ
ȷʵҪúþɺһʵǱȽֹۣڼû죬ʹסˡ
ལһɫȹ˵û֪ѾһӵĸףǸѧ
贩ʲôÿҪȻһȥҽ㣿
ཷͷ̫ˣһֱԼһһò뻰
С֪ᶺ迪ġལ֮ǰǸ˵رȥǼ¿԰𣿡
һһ߶žӴһʵ
ȥཷͷ:˵ɴ
СкַɻɴʲôǳȤԣ˵ǻѡ̫վס
ãȥϲըǶȥԡ
һʰԼתཱ
㻻·һһתȥ·
ཽץסһù·Сͨ졣
ţôˣһֵĿ·ǲȥ
ҶˣԼȥŮбߡ
һС˵ģץ·֡
һεĵСӡ
ãཱིˣȥڿ㡣
СӼȻô˵ˣȻûɲԼ
Сȷʵܿ죬Լһװɫжɫ̫ñӡ
裬㡣ˣϻһͺһȹӺܴñ
һһЩϲ֪СӾȻҲôᴩȻǶĿȾ
ǽ͵һĽ㡣
˵꣬һ֣Сӳš
˵ǼҿƼֳΪδǳϼͶ½ɵġ
֮ǰ˵Ҫʱ򣬺˵Ҫһֱûлѡ
ȥĶ԰һһȦҲûرģҪСӣҲǼ̫ơ
ȥ̫԰˷ܵĽԴǸ֮ζȥһۡ
ãǾཱུģȥ̫԰
ܿ죬һͺˣǲӦô̫԰ģӦȥĵطٹ
ԭΪʱˣ˭֪ײˣġ
ʶ𣿡δĸ˿ų̰غֱһһͲĺһĸӣϵЩӡ
һЩ˼֪Ǹ߻Ǵкߡ
裬ȥǱߡʱ̰Сһѽһطߡ
һ̰غճס׼ߵˡ
̧߹ȥһǰ
ôҲ̰غյǾȣ˵һ˵ʲôҪڼﾲ죬û뵽ŵڶ죬Ϳˡ
Ǻ𣿡£СĵĿų̰غա
ǵأ廹Ǹ壬ԩ裡
𣿡̰غüһ:԰µģ˵ǲĻң㡭
ǻǮƱˣིˣôƱˣ쾭塣
𣿡һԼԱߣӳ̰غա
̫԰ʽǲ뿴һɡ
̰غյѵõĺ飬һûΪչ
Ҫ裬ԼȥҡͷϾܾڿ̰غˣпְ֣Ҳϲ
Ŷϧˣ̫ԱʽڲˣǲԽȥġ
̰غպЦĿŻûԼȸߵĺӣô˵Ҳ֪˭
ɡɻ󣬲ĵĿ˿̫԰ķĺȥƱΪʲôȥ
ȻƱˣƱ۸ȽϵͣΪԭ򡣡
̰غռ붼֪С˵ʲôĿڣסСӵĻ
ߣ´Сһǲϲ̰غգԸһ
һЦЦͷתͷҪ뿪ȴһץס
߰ɡ̰غտҪߣɫ˳źһֽ
һȻҲ˼ͥ´С
ལԼ豻˴ߣȻæСȥ
⡭δĸ˴ľʲô̰غղδ
ǡ
ͷһ¸ںһͳ̰غպལСǳҲ̫˰ɣ
Ҿôߣ̫԰治Ǻܶˣмߡ
ʽѾʼˣ԰ڲ3DӰ񣬽̫԰
Ϊ̫԰ǽδɫĿԿŵҲȽһЩ
ۣСһԼôˣһֽסһȹǣһ߾̾Լľ




һ  һ
 

裬ÿŶС۾ȥЩ
һͷЦŵͷ
ϲ𣿡һҲԼǱ̰غˡ
ÿϲҿȥ𣿡Сӵ۾̫ϲˣ̫ˡ
һȥ˲࣬Ҳܴ󣬺һǲģ»Ūཡ
áཱུͷСֹסġ
̰غ۾Ц⣬ůůĿĸӵϣһԲĸ
һལһһ·ȥ̫ͣղյǰ
λС㣬СѡܣԱ߹ԭҪĿģ̰غյʱһ£ĬĬشһºһĸӡ
̰غޱĿһۣĬĬظںһ
ã̫ղᵽĸоŶԱ̫ʱĸоһ
رĿ⼼Ҳǵơ
ģͷһϳڴ
ãǾȥ԰ɡһͷˣ
ིû̫ˣ
̰غɸǣȵ̫԰ĿʱС˶Ҳеľˡ
䱧ۡ۾˵ʱ˶ȵġ
ãȥԷòãһȻҲۣལҲҪ
û룬ûཱأһ˫ֽһѱ
ҲҪ㱧С̰غնһ·ˣôڻ
ۣ費ۣ̰غչ𴽽ǣȻС˶ˣԹſļͷ
㱧Ұɣ㡣˵ţſļͷһһ
һһΪѣǲ̫ͳ̰غһģྲྀˡ
߰ɣԷ̰غ֪һﲻ̫ԸԼһԣɴ಻תͷֱӱུ粽߳ȥ
һΣֻܸ߳ȥ
Сӵָʾ̰غմȥըꡣҲ֪һôģȻСӳʳƷ
㲻ԾˣҲ㡣һͼ׻һʪ۾ĳ̰غա
裬óԡ˵꣬ཹƵģеļ׻ιһԼĺһ
ллཡһЦȷʵóԡ
ôС͸ʳƷ̰غղ˼üֶģСʱүҲ
㲻Ծˣ䲻ҳԣ̫Ȥˣ壬廹һȥԳء
ཱིһۣûǿԡ
˵ˣģҺûǿ
ˣǻˣ۸ǣը
СżҲû£ལҪҪټһݴ
һ˹ǣǹƵģһİСӲȥǵķѽһʵ
ãҪִСӷͷֱһеĴ
á˵ţһͷֻϸһݴ
̰غĸһһ͵
ʲôֺȲֺˣ
Լǰ޳ÿùȥʱһ£漴óѵЦЦ
˵ͷļ׻
ҧ˵һڣ̰غüУǡ⵽׺óĶ
ͻȻߴ۵ͯ
Ҫպԡֽѽڳ̰غǰ
ҪǲϲԵĻǿεġһЦģ̰غ޲ߵģʵ̫Цˡ
̰غսŴ˵ཱུպ˽ҧһڣҲᵽǵϲˡ
ེͺһһۣЦԶ
⣬ڲͣ㣬һҲ͵ġ
̰غüȥ԰ˡ
ܡ̰غտԼ԰̴߹
ղþöҲһμӿ԰Ƭԡ
԰ЩΪѣ͵ĲԣǡոһĻһΪܺá
̰غշеֽ˲֡
ܿƬ԰תͷӰʦʹһɫ
⣬ܣ̫ÿˡոرһˣһڣرá
Ӱʦ̰غգֿղų̰غպͺһһʱϢȻȵˡ
һڣཷеļȣĴչȥ
һʣɫһ
ǣᡭ
ĵúܺá̰غչ𴽽:ΪƬҾС
һüоʲô˼òǺ΢ֻ˭˵ʲô˰ɣ
Ӽ




һ  ᲻᲻ټ
 

õĺõģһһӰʦһ̰غտĵģ̿ĵ˵
ó̰غ⣬ⲻһ˶ģͳٿԴһꡣ
ˣһ˽£æ̰غ˵꣬ݻȥӰʦ
ãáֻҪ̰غտľͺã԰̰˸ȥ
԰ոʲôˣܺںǡӰʦǶһ䡣
ûǺô𣿡ϹӶóǹϵһ㣬Ͳġ
˵԰˵ˣ᲻ŮŮѣǸȻ󡭡԰Ҹأ
ӰʦЩίһƬͨ졣
ƽʱ̫пհǰɣĶ˵ˣСϢΪá
԰װĵһۣӰʦЩίûе;˵Ҳǻš
ǣûпСϢø˵ģ
Ӱʦ:Ҹǿưɣҳҹ˵ҪһŮ
ǵһϣôǵ;˵
ģ԰ǹˣһ֪鲻򵥡
ǰʱҲŴһø찦̾ˣڻҡҵøˣ˵ֻҪǸʱҸưɵŮһŹҡ
Ӱʦ͵ĵͷҪȻĶ˵
ꡭոǺӼˣ԰̷Ӧ˵һ԰λõĻᡣ
ҲɣôСͺֶһߡ
Ӱʦڰ֣Ķó
ľưɽʲô֣԰ȤһҪΪʲô̰غҪһô
Ǳߣм氮
氮ʲô֣ǹأ
ǲһڣñᡣЩ֮󣬺һǲ
˵һڣ̰غƵĺһڱ֣ʵţúȡ
㣡ҲûͰ
ǣǺŲһأҲ̸͵һڣҲϡ
ԣһЦһС
̰غЦĿ֣û˵
һ죬ȥʱ̰غǻȥģһܾ
̰غҲû֣ЩˣЩץԽܵҲ졣
ܵܺãһۺӾ̰غ΢΢ǣ̲סҲЦʵ
һĻ̰غʶı
¡˵ţ˺ȥĿ
裬裬һȥ̫԰һһҪȥǣźһڻؼҵС·ϵལıû۵˯ģ
ãһλȥཾ·ҪȥѧУŶ
һͷȥҲǲԣԸԸȥҲָ֤Ĳ
ţáͷСû֮ǰһ׶԰С֮۾ͳֹ/
һ
һ̧ͷ·վֺһ·¼Ӻڿ㣬ƽȫһࡣ
ôˡһ££ͷЦȥʱ֪ΪʲôһЩΡ
㲻ټˣҡ˵΢ȥǳˣ
ֺŬһ⣬̫ˣȥҽԺڹ˾ʵæ
ҪǽѾתҽԺĻҲ
ţһڿǡһͷûǰߣ־롣
ҡô䵭ֺҲ֪˵ʲô
ཿһۺһֿһֺתһ£̧С͡
۰ˣ壬㱧Һòã۰
˵ţֺ߹ȥһգ۾
̷ֺӦЩмСһһѽ
ལ豧ҲԵġһüིҲֺ
ҲҪ㱧㶼ó̻ˣ屧Ҳԡ
˵ţСȲסֺſļͷ۾һۼģ
ǽͳ̰غһģֺЩᣬͳ̰غն棬Ϊʲôôġ
Ųأż˭֪ҲڣҺ趼ҪˣԼǵģҪھͺˡ
ſһ̽͵˼ȥõ˻ֺɲֺͳ̰غйϵ
ߺߣҪҾܣҲŲأ
ֺ΢΢ЦǾͺǾͺá
ȻȥɡһΣܲܰ߰ɡ
Ȼ˵ȷʵֺҲñ˴̫ѿ
ȥȥҶҪ˯ˣֺҵı
һС˵ģֺͷ
ֺЦĸı




һ   Ұ׷
 

ҪҪҲҪңҡ
صҺ󣬺һСӾˣȰϴ˯
˭֪⺢һֱԼС·ֽġ
ǰϴİһЦã⺢ôˣ
˼ҽ춼˵ǴˣŮܲףҲҪϴ裬ҪϴΪҲˡ
һҡСԴˡ
ҰϴȥϢһɡֺȻཱུ֪˼ģлҪ˵
ðɣ鷳ˡҲֻˣһͷʵ
Է𣿡
ûСôʣֺԼûгԷ
ǡôҺѾԹˣҲûʲôˡ
һЩ˼û˵ѣҲֻһЩʳˣһЩˡ
ãлл㡣ֺͷҲ
ҿˣҪϴ裬ྲྀţֺ
úúãֺΣֻϴ䡣
һ£⺢ôôࣿ
ǰིģ룬ôûò
·˰ཽŹϣȷϺһ͵ſʼ֡
ãҷˮ㡣ֺͷ˵ҲǵһΰСϴ裬ҲЩ֪롣
Ҹ˵ǿȽϺҲŰġ
ѵù˽ԡ¶СԴ˵
ŶȽϺãֺɻôóȽϺõģ
𣿡:Ĺģһε֪㣬϶Ҳ˽ķɡ
˵ȥҲ̫ۺһίˣԲ˵ֻġ
ţϧֺЦЦִϴ¶Ĩͷϡ
ϧ費Ǹأá
СһͻȻѩǸˡ
ڼҰְֹ˽ղһºſԳ
ֺ̾˿ѩôҲˡ
ã̫ˣȻҴ˾Ц
ߣʲôء
ֺ֪ͣеĶ˼δõѩΪʲôᱻؽգôСô֪
Ȼ֪̫æˣʱûչңԼһ˾Ϳƾֽ־֪Ĳ٣
̾ͱȱ˸ߣԺܶһʼ벻ף֪Ϊʲôˡ
ѩͲµܵͷˡ
㡭ȥ𣿡ֺЩţôСĺӣôô
Ҵĺܣ㲻Ҫҵ̣Сһü
ֺۡЦϾǸӣЩ⣬һЩȴδؿÿҲδö
ңС˶ˣ֣һͷϵݣϡ
ϴСܲҡֺĨһĭæֽɾ
ߣ⻹ࡣߣϴ衣
ϲ𣿡཰ûӣʵ
ţϲϲֺЦЦôϲ
Ұ׷Ժ󲻿۸裬ҷ۸裬Ҿ費һ𡣡
ңֺˮ̳ӡ
԰ҺģСңˡ
Сͣ԰æöᡣ
ллˡ
Ҹ˵ģﲻ
֪ˣེҲ˵ллġ
ֺΣ˯£СӹģҲ⡣
õҲͬһԡ¶ɺӾǻкԼصζ
Ҫֵϵ㰡˵ţ̨
Сĵ㣬ˤˡԡԱߵ̨⺢Ӳ»
ⲻ཰ĻشСƵȳȥ
ϴˣྲྀҪǶĻҲһɣ
һͷʪСһ˼֡
һСͺˣҲҪ档
Сһ߹ȥһƨڲǰͷһվϴֺ˹ָ
Լߵλãʾֺ̧߹ȥ
һһ˶һ棬ҲԼһС롣
ʵֻǲ˼ֺԼһ˳ԡ
Ҳûʲô˿д㣬ų԰ɡֺĻӦø˼ҳһٷġ
û£Ҳû㡭ңܺóԡ
ֺһڣͷԹЩµʳһ棬ͦθڵġ
ǾͺáһЦЦͷ棬ԵúһǲΪ˱ֺ˵̫Ļ
䣬ҳˡûãСһȵԼС
ã཰ϴУһϴ˾ͺá
һͷش




һ   
 

СһҲͻط䣬ʶȤİѿռˡ
㡭
㡭
ͬʱڣͬʱεЦЦ
˵ɡһЦſڡ
ھȥǳ㲻ȥĻҿ԰Ĺ˾ίġ
ºһܾǳ˵ʵ֪΢巵ʦݡ
һȥǳĻҲã΢巿ָŲ꣬һͻΪڶʦ
õģʵѾôˣҪȥǳ
һ̧ͷѾˣǳõѡˡ
ңܵõ΢巵ָĻ˵Ҳһ¡
ǾͺãҾͲôˡֺͷҲ˼ȥõĽ
ǡҵʱȥְɡһ̽ʵ֮ǰְġ
ãһҪ˳ǹúãҲŷġ
ֺǵĻΪһεӰ쵽Ȼ˵ǳ⣬δػ顣
İɣһҪءһʧЦֲԶټˡ
Ǿͺá
ǸܣҪȥ𣿡һΪѣһ֮ģҲ֪ûʲôΣ
ˣ߰ɡ̰غպнƷ
СѵĶ
̰غճ䡣
ӣҳֻ÷뿪Ҳǵùôƫƫʱ
ѹܵͣ͵ûȥ
̰غԭǿĵĻȥģ˭֪δཱུȻˡ
̰غչСһؼҿ߻żæ
˭֪ǲŵ¥£Ϳֺҡͺͣ
⳵ȫûһڳ̼ҵĳ⣬һֺµġ
Բ˵Ҳʶ֪ںһ˭
ȥĶʵڲͳ̰غ˵ɲҲС
ع˾

һȥҲȥɡ
̰غôһ˵һͳ̰غһõĵطȻģҲ¹졣
ڶ죬̰غմӰ칫ҺɫķĿԵ˴ɳʱ򣬾ͽӵ˺΢巵ĵ绰
̰غգ㽻ҵˡ΢巿ĵİϵĹ֤Ǻһһա
ţǸո˯ѣΪҹ˯̰غڻǺѡ
ʲô㽻ҵİһѾͬǳ˰΢вʱһһģôװ
Ӧˣô᣿̰غƣֺȥΪ»̫ء
԰ܾҲ˭Գ
֪ˡ
һû˵أС΢巵ͷһѾҶϵĵ绰
ûòҪұ磬ҳӣ
΢죬Ǻܿĳ̰غյҲǣϰˡ
Ȼر䣬һҲദǺ˻Ǻģʲô鶼ܰͰ
ҿԽȥ𣿡⣬һţְġ
ɡǺһ΢¹Цݡ
Ѿˣù㡣΢ΪչԼΪְ
ţãԺʲôƻ
΢巿һۣûʲô⣬ͬҲǩˡ
֣һһ£ϸһڵ
Ժ󣬽ҳǰɡǣǣ˼ҵҲ֪Ů
ȻúÿʼˣǾһжµĳɡ
ǡ΢һ£ȷʵǸ֣Ļں
ȻĻԸԸһ𿪷Ʒƣ
ǣֱͳԡǡⱾ飬ǹ纺ʱǳҲһڹƷơ
磿һ۾һֱǡ̫ǳһֱûʵ֡
ԣǰڻеѣԸ𣿡΢巵ͷˣǳŻҪַƷء
Ը⣬Ը⣡һ͵ĵͷɫֿԴµϲˡ
ãĹ֤ǣԺҪͽгˡ
΢Ҳ⣬Ҫ˵һǽϵСˣܴСԴͳ·ʹҲñȽ϶ࡣ
ǳź󣬺һžԼˡ
΢׼ڼҹҲȥʶͬ£ȵһɼˣóɼҽҲʶǺõĶࡣ
ųǳŲþӭĳ̰غա
㡭ôţӦóֱӵǳŵͣȻֱӵȥҪȥ¥
Ŷ³Ҿ߹ˡ
̰غЩ˸ȴɫĻش
ǳ
µģ΢˵ְ̰غսеƷݸ
ллû𣿡۵һƬࡣ




һ   ǸĻ
 

Ŷû¡̰غ˵ţ۾۾Ѫ˿ˡ
ȷû¶һЩɣûµӡ
˵ûмĳ̰غգǰĳ̰غմ¹ڳ档
ѽ𣿡̰غյһۣҲǲޱ߷ɡ
һҡҡͷǿȥȽƣûǰȣ˵Ǹ˧硣
ҪȻȥ˯һһЩɣǲΪȥԭԲôƣ
ȥǡ̰غչ˹Ĭˡ
ôˣ㲻ܻȥ𣿡һ۾סں并𣿶˵ѩѾȥˣķӦò˴˰ɡ
¥װޣ쳳úܡ˵ţ̰غװģüġ
ǡ㲻ĻȥǶﲻԶҲڼҡ
һûˣⲻǲеģô죿
𣿡̰غշ֣Щ⡣
㣬͵ллһ죬һЦЦԺͲˡ
ţ
ûʲô߰ɣԷ𣿡һҡͷûҪ˵
û
˳ȥ˰ɣһҲҪ緹ˡһͷǰߣ̰غյǺԾĸȥ
˽˳УȻĹͨҪʲôҪʲô˺̰غҲرȻĽеĶù
ˣȥϢɣУһԼŽͺá
һӹеĶ̨ϡ̰غҲ˵ʲô˳˼
ôˣ裬ôˣӶͯ߳Сһ̰غյӰǲ
ལûòһͷһСһﲻͣߣѵֹ
ûòֻǺིϣСܵǰ
̣Ҫ̡
һΣ̷ϡ
ུȥϢһ£ߣ̫԰ͻģǲǡ
֪С˶һѽƷùתһĶԳ̰غվϹ
лл㡣
̰غչ˹ǣû뵽һ̵ཽͦõġ
лѵõģ̰غࡣ
ˡлСһֱ壬ٴСģ
߰ɣ˵Ҫ˯Ҵȥͷ佻ɵġ
á̰غպĸСһĽŲҲܸоóСһرϲ
СһҲ֪жһȥͷ֮󣬻û
Ǻǣۣû˯װޣôʲô֪ŶǶ·³һҲ̫ƭ˰ɣ
֪̰غȥ˺һﲢ˽ôȥ֮ĺ幣ĵĴ֡
ţ˵رû˯úϢˣʱ˿ںһĿͷĴϣͺġ
Ҹ˵ǸĻУҲֻкһֵС˲㣡
ûúϢʲôģûмǴĻܲð칫һϢҵİɣ
ʩǼƵ꣬ҪдҪϴ·ҲУϴ»ͺɻ
װޡ޸ŶҲס˭¥װޣ
㲻̰غչǣȷʵǹġΪֺôá
죬ع˾֮˼ȥסͿų¥¡
ֺʮһʮߵġ
һ㣬ֺںһ˽ĸСʱ
ط˯Ҳְɣ
ú˵㻹˵㲻ϲҪĿȸһż
幺Ǻʲôʱ̰غձôĻˣ
̰غղ˵ߣֻһߣӡ
ǿͷҲһɶصģҲ֪һʲôϴҺ
ţ̰غյҲ𽥵˯ȥ
ཹתһȦ̰غջûһЬȥ
ţŵĳ̰غȻǳõĽüͷˣֻںһﳹж
̲õͬ˸˯
ѣེߺģٴ˫ȥ䡣
ལ̰غʵ˯ۣ
˴ţǺģɵ۾һִཱུʱ򣬱㽫һӵѹ
ལڸʲôʱѾ÷˵ĺһӿ߽ڴϾų̰غյĶһ
衣ղҿѷãҾ͹ˣǲĺܺã
Сһһתɿ̰غյĶ䣬һƨʮģ´һ




һ  ô
 

㡭һûʼĩҲµóཿܲôĺġ
Գ̰غһ̫ϲģôԷ
ţĺܺáллཡ
һ֮ʣ̰غȿڡ
ǼȻ˾ȥԷɡһεЦЦ̰غն⣬Ҳûʲô˵ˡ
ʱཱĴȣ̧ͷһɰЦЦ
һһ㱣˵ұΪ˽Էأ
̰غ÷ִ磬ԹҲûжڹ˾һѵҪҲȻȥˡ
䣬ȻǶûĻǲȥҽԺɡ
ſںһĻ̧Сȵĸ˵
ţһͷĿ:ིΪʲôҪȥҽԺ
汿˼費סԺ˵Ǻܶ࣬ǲӦȥһλ̡
ʲôЦ̰غնɱˣҪٲ취ֺĻҪó̰غյˣ
ôһ˵ȷʵû뵽ȥʰʰһȥҽԺ
֣
ȻǺƭ̫ˡ
ĸʵҲûж⣬ֻͲʱ򡣼ʱһʱ
ǰҽԺչİ˵̽ʱͦȵġЩѸĶˣʱԺˣ˭
ǣһС㣿
һʱĸǰһ˵˺һúܺÿǰŮӾɣ߻ŸСޣ˾Ųʮ
ʶңһһ㶣ûмĸɡ
˵㣬ݣúܺÿ㣬ҲеڶôÿĹˡ
ĸ΢΢һЦߵλãʾһ
཰ɣϣɰĸ֣ҲŤ̬ˣһۺһõһ׿Ϻƨƨߵܹȥ
̺ãҽལҵ衣
ཱľͱƽСӿɰΣһõӡϲ
ĸҲϲӵˣһ⸱ƨģҲֵúϲ£졣
⺢ӣǹɣོѽĸЦһСʵ
꣡ཷ·ҫԼһ㣬Сƣʮ㡣
ϣྲྀѽǺܿҪŶ
ѽѽʱͿԱˡེԺĵͷ볤ˡ
ĸ㣬ʵΪöЩԲ˵ΪҸѩչϵŽҽԺĺܱǸ
һ֮ԴӦཹĸһԭҲˡ
ĸЦҡҡͷڰ֡
˵ܲӦҪ˵ԲǡûйܺҵŮɽ־档
úùܽѩһٶķĻҲɽѿľ档
˭˵ĶأһѾͻˣҲµĹˡģҲͲôˣҲƽϡ
ǸúӣǸùֲúôϲ㣬ӰְǱû𣿡
ĸĻһڣһһɵӣĸʱ˿̵黹ĻڼӵĸߺһѾཱུ֪ˡ
ְֻ֪ĴڣҲĸ˵ҶԺֻ֮顣ûаŮ֮顣
ֺǸˣϣԼ˺
飬飬˿ɲ岻֡
ĸЦָ˺һ֮˵һǸŮӡһȷʵǸŮӡ
󷽣ԴʱҲܴ󷽷˵ϲֺ¡
͵ƾһ㣬һѾܶˡ
Үһôӹ˾ֺһϲ
ҹһ衣һҲû뵽ʱֺȻ
ԭĵĿ꣬ĵҲˡϾô˵ٻǻЩΡ
һһ԰ɣã衣
ˣҸڼѾ˵⣬һؼҳԾͺá
һæܾ϶ǲһԷġ
壬ǼҵĵرóӴҪҪһؼҳԵ⣿
Сһٴγգգ۾ѾŬˣֺܲܰյסͿԼˡ
𣿡ȻǻشཱུĻֺʺһ
˼ི£ܲǺܷ㣬ϻҪ
һɴľܾѾڼˣûҪȥԵ⡣
аɣлĻҴȥ֦¶




һ  ȥ
 

ֺ֮󣬺һҽԺûдáҲʹظˡ
Ůȷʵ۹⡣һ֮ĸԼӵļ
ţȷʵֺͷЦЦ
û㹦ȥ׷ûָ顣
ղźһǴ󷽷ֱӸ̹׵ġ
֪̰غնٻȽһ㣬裬˭˵׼أ
ֻҪһһûмˣͻлᡣ
ܿÿҲãʡҲģˣѩô
ĸ̾һѾ֪ѩָڼյˡ
ְһεһó̼ҵּҵӿЦǰҽԺˣ˾ĹƱΪ£ͣ졣
ѩǳЩһָġ
ְ֪Բô
ĸ̾һҽԺֲȥҲȥһڵֻһֺˣָҲԸЩ¡
һֱڼְǰһûĳְü˿ŵġ
˵ָҲΪãģѩҪǿЩָۣء
ãû취ˡ
ĸͷֻпȥܲȰö
ּ߱˼յѩѾ֮ǰ󳳴ˡ
ʱ˿̵̨ϣķּұĶ¥
ҪǴ̨ȥӦǿԵġ
ҽգҵֻҵĵԣΪҾͲȥ
ѩΡΡĿ̨ƺ֮Ĵֱ룬ҪôߴŪȥĻӦò̫⡣
ѾܵĹˣҪҪȥ̰غһס
³̰غղԸȥڳ̰غյĹԢġ
翴ͬӵģ㹻ˡ
СԷˣѩƽϲԵķˡ
ԭѩǿģΪ˺ָԸԼȥԣðǶ
С㣬ô˵˯𣿡Щ֣ƽʱͷѩʱֻҪһͻŵġ
ʲôУԣ̨ѩһ̷Ӧͷˡ
̾һû취ֻܰѷߣ˭֪תûѩ䴫һ
ʲôˣһʲôڵϵľ죬̻̽Ǻһȥ
С㣿ѩĶ
أڷ𣿸ոջڷ˵ԷģȥˣôҲ
ǿȥСȥĶˣ̼öǸչѧģҪѩʲôµĻѸָ
⣬۰ң
ˤڲƺϵѩ޺˽ᡣһ޸֮ڼҴСĽжʵûа취סԣҲˤȥˡ
̨ܵһ˴ʧɫ
ֻ̰һ¡ھȻϣȥҽԺ;Уѩðֻ̰
úúáѩôʹ࣬ô۵ķϣҾܾæĻֻ
ҽôҪҪֻ˶ѧ󣬰ּææЩҽ
ָڼңĸҽԺֺڼң˭
û⣬ˡ´Ҫ¥Ҹһĵطڶ¥ˣҪһӵĿࡣ
Ӷ¥ʲô£ҵ»ǲƺǴûʵҲ˻ãȶ˰ɡ
˽100죬£ѩǱٱQˡ
ӵ̵ϢʱֺҲһѩڼҺúõģôͻȻҪ¥أ
Ǽҵ¥Ҳߣ4.2ףʲô£ԼԼȥ
磬ǲҪˣֺӰѩȷˣỨֺ°ʵ
Сİɣ̶ֳǶȣ˭ɱǴӶ¥ܳɹģ
ҽûۿĴСֱ˷ҽԴ
һ֪ǸʲôŤŻŻء
ûҽ£ҶѾˣʲôֻǶ˶ѣѲ㻹ȥ𣿡
ѩһˣŲϣҲ󺰴
ôԼ𣿡ҽĹǣҲǣҿſ֣ȻѩҪһͨˡ
ҡ㡭ҽ۸ˣ
ѩ˵˼ңְתƵֺϡ
ѩˣѾˡҽ鷳ϽϽɡ




һһʮ  ڰ׵ߵ
 

ֺƢױĸûкã˾һѵ顣
ǵİְֳȥˣŻѩһһģĶôྫ棿
õģǩһ֣ʦ׼ҽҲܲѩ̽ʦй
ڣֺŵ徻
ʱһֵĶáԸȴһϣһ¡
֪˶ãѩûдҳǳ³ĵ绰ˡ
ô˭Ϣй¶ȥģ
û徲ã
֪еӪţеͨ涼˵ΪһƵ¥ˡ
³ҲرΣڹ˾ĵ绰챻ˡѩǲ¥ˣѾм߰ǵҽԺȥ˰ɡ
̽Ӧֺôôࣿ
һҲеᵽʲôڼŴҽԺжðüûмѩˣôͱƵ¥ɱأ
Сɳܣ
ôôϲ
̰غҲ̫ûƷ˰ɣȻϲһС
ԺҿˣСˣ
һҲֶͦεģʲôûУȴƵ˼ִСҪôڼѻҪô¥
ϵЩٴһߵһһۣ۵Ĺػӵһߡ
˳վѴϣ̫ˣϲ
ѩʲôŵĺҲˣôҲһСýС㣬ôҥһһ׵ģ
֪Ϊʲô˰ɣ֪Ϊʲô˵ҪȢĻҾ͸˰ɣ
ֻ̰غգûۿˣżܲͣһ
Ҵ绰ʡ̰غҲüò˵ѩһĺܶ
˵ʲô֪֪Ժһһˣ˼һ뵽ѩΪ¥;һСҪܶġǲ֪Щж඾
平һУܿһͶһõŮҲѩٵ
绰˭أ̰غղ˵ֿʵ
ѩ
绰ܳҸ˵ҪĻҺԺͽ幺أ
ľýĴָ룬֪ѩġ
ӡɰٺϵȻ֪ѩģ˭ôģ
绰
ṵ̂غһڣ干ûЦ
̰غĴָ
֪û˵˵ѽ
̰غչǲ˵䵭Ҫ˵˻Ҫ
¥Ӧòˡ̰غյ̧幡
˼ǡ
ȥȡ֤еˣѩʲô¥Ĳжߣ᲻ˡ
幵ͷһķڷǳ̰غգһھ͸˲һ
ȥģѽΪʲôҪȥȡ֤ûб𣿻˵Լȥ
ȥһ
㡭Ǽɫ壡
֪˶ãѩڴҳȻǹ۵ҲԼԺɱʲôˡ
ҽô𣿲˵ȶ𣿡ֺüѩСѧ裬ʱʱʲô󳡺Ҫ¶һ֡
˵裬Ҫѩ֪һȷѪꡣ
ǰ˵ȶ˶Ѱڲֻȶ˼ҾŤ󣬴ĲõĻҲһ֢绻ʹ֮ģ˵ֹˣ
ʵҪĻȵĹͷѩˤʱǻ˽ȥԼĽֺҲˡ
ֺǱʹֹѵĻʲô谡·Ͳˡ
𣿡ֺһʱ֮ҲЩܲˣѧôϣǸˣܹĵϲ¡
֪ˣڴأںڲԼ嵱°ɡ
ҽ˵ţһ߳¿֣һԼ칫ߡ
ǱߴٵĽŲֺͷǺζ죬Ƕѩͦĵġ
ôˣ
ζֺͣǰͣĺ
áô¥ˣ˺úõôͻȻ¥أ
㲻һֱϲʲô㲻֪ᣬǲȰΪǣҽ˵Ҳûⶼġ
ҽȥɡζ˵ţܵ
ѩ۾ɵ㶵Ŀ컨壬Ľšˣ
ѩζ˵Ĵء
ô۲ۣ
ѩûлشһֻûƲһ㣬һԲ
ѩ
ζüôˣ
죬ҽ˵Ժˡ




һһʮһ  
 

ûϵģҽϲˣÿС
ζһ£漴ְο˵
ǵģ㲻ҵĽĺۡѩǲģӦðȫʩġ
ǴӶ¥ܲ㰡ԺͲҪô嶯ˣʲô
ζ˵ţһˮ
㿴ϵЩǲǶһ
ʱˣǱȽϹ
ŵܲڻǶʵڲоȥ¹ҽҲСǵҲûϵֻҪܹ޸̰غգҲԲˡ
㡭Щģζ쾪ˣǹؽյʱûֻ
֮Ȼ˼ȥһԳ̰غյִô
Ȼأƾǰﹷȥȥ𣿡һЩ⣬֮ǲܷŹһġ
ǡôϲ̰غգȥˣ˵˵Сϲİ
ˡѩ:ҴСϲغգѾϲˣڣ˶ûҵۡ
ѩҡҡͷֽζֻó
ҿڵ
ѩ˵ţ̵ĴֻϵЩϲͬߡ
һ¥ˣһһ
մҳ棬Ȼѻڰϵһ㿪⣬һȥһ
һõ˺ҲЩ֪߳ܺ˵СĻ
ԸЩ˶Һһ˵춼ˡ
ζ̾˿ҲϲһֻҪǳ̰غǱߵˣϲ
죿Ϊʲô
Ϊ̫ΧںһСˣӰ쵽ˣ˱
Ҳ֮Щȥһ˴Ҳѩķ˿
ѩȻôһҷ۵ġ
ЩҲˣܹȥΧ׷½صģҲͲˡ
޴ѩЩȥΧʵ䷴ġ
ôˣҿ¶ҲܿƽϢˡ
ֺһ񣬾ͺѩʱһ
ôһôɱô˵أ
裬¡¥ѹѹҺҽеȺһĻ
һҲҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻ¥ôˡ
ҿķûй¶ȥȻָЩ˾󺰴ˡ
±£ǲ֪ǼûŽҲϲûϵģõġ
һҲֻοοȻĻţǰܻš
裬ǻܲܳԷཱԼСӣ̧ͷźһһֻԼСӣö
ྲྀˣ
ţСϺҲ㡣
Ϊһ·ͻȻԭһǴӦཱིȥ˵ʱСϺġ
˭֪һ¥ͿЩѹѹ˵ҪַȺ
ǽ첻ˣལǳϷ۰ɣﻹոպá
һЩǸĿû취飬˭Щ˶¥Ѳ뿪
ЩҲǵģѵǾûйҪҲϰࣿ
ϷۣСһ۾ĶСϲˡ
ţбĳཽ֭ҲԺȹ⡣
һͷ˵Сӡ
˵ģС䣬֭ó
㡭һЦãⶼûгԷأôô
һһٺ٣ȥϷ۰ɣ
Сһڲԣ˫ӡ
áһ˵ţվȥԵġ
šɫһ䣬̺µȥסһ
ţһҲòЩ˰ɣ
£ȥţһͿԳԷ
һһЩˣӦòôòİ塣
Ҹס
ţ
Ǹۣ˵꣬Сչȥһһ£ȥ˭
³һ͸èۿ˵ʱﾪһ¡
ôˣ⼸˵кö๤Ҫġ
ôˣ
Ź˵˵ţ³žһŹϡ
ǡһͷŵĶ
ȥû͸ЩģѾ׼Ҫˣ²˶á
³ڻЩ£ոǶ˾رʲôаһ¥£ƵĴƣ̺ȾƵĳ̺Ⱦơ
Ҳ֪ߵ񣬻˹Ӷġ
㡭Щʶ
ǿˣҴң˵ղиŮҪͱˣű;ȥԷǹĵģ




һһʮ  Ů
 

³һ˶ҪЩ˸ŵˡôһȺ棬ʲô˷ͳԷȻżɱ
ˣԷ𣿡ȻֻϷۣ࣬һ˳Ҳǹġ
ˣҳ˲ŹģǳԷʱͻȻ뵽û
³һǵͣŵζü
⡭ôϲϷ۰³ò˼飬ζôصʳôôϲ
úóԵģ³磬ҪҪһ£
ҡԼСֺ֣Ǻǵĺк
ҡͲˡ³ǿҡҡͷʵܲôصζ
ΪʲôҪҸ磿ǰ⺢Ӷǽġ
ΪͳԵҺܿġ
ེٺһЦôʳгԵģǾü첻Ŷû¡
⡭³εЦǸС
˵ֺҪҳ壿Ҫô壿ô˶˵ǳ̰غպѩ֮СҪôſԽ
ǳ̰غճͣǱҲֶֻθ߰ɡ
Ҳ֪һӦûϵɡ
û˵꣬ˣһüͷһ壬һ˭
³һۣȥš
ܣֺôˣ¥µЩ˶ʶģǲ
ϲҲ֪ⶰ¥ûʲôġ
˵꣬߿˺һ߹ȥ
һҺ¡
һһ㶣һ۳³ֿһལͷȥ鷿
ûбİ취ˣЩ˶šңºζҲͽˣЩ֡
ֺЩǸĿѾ˺ְܶ취ɶûЧֻİ취ˡ
˼˵ֻܺװô
һЩįû뵽һҪֺڴҵߵС
ҡ
̰غ֪Ļ᲻һĲ
֪ûңǡģ˵̸Ľ׶Σȷ粨֮֡
ֺ֪ЩѣϾǲһġ
ҡһЩΪѣ֪Ҫô죬ǸôӦǲӦ
ӦĻƺܾûа취С߳
ûϵҲ⣬ֻǡ
֪û£ིһܿҪȥѧˡʱ˼ô˵
ң֪ζΪѩĻģѾֹһϣʵΧ׷½غһˡ
ûбİ취𣿡
У뿪ԶڴУÿ𣿡
ôܣһҡҡͷԺҲҪﳤģӵĶȥ
ңַϴ
ԿǿǵģҵĽֺһ棬ʵģġ
ãҴӦ㡣һͷԺҲܺͳ̰غһ
Ϣʱѩͺζ춼һ
һΪԿһʱ䣬ôŵ죬ƽϢˣڶһģ
һԲĻѾѰڶһֺҲǰ档
Щ˲ףǵǸģôǺһӮˡ
ţôζҲú֣
İɡζҲǸˣֻҪһ֪˭ˡ
衭ѩĳô˶ԣ
ˡѩָ:ҲãµݳڴǰҿһôͰغսӴ
뵽ѩ̵ĿʼԺζƻ
ֻˡζ쿴һ۴ͷǳ̰غմġ
˽ǲѩ绰
غգѩ˷ܣסԺ̰غջûҲûд绰
ţҡ̰غǱߴ
绰ҸѽҽԺ˿ںۣ
ѩĽζɫҲԽڡ
ˣҽǸ㣬ǽԼ
ʲʲôѩϵЦʧΪʲô
ΪʲôΪҪǡ㲻Ҳûϵģһ²Ҷԣòã
ҪԼ̰غѾǰĳ̰غˣ֮ϵҲǻԼˡ
û˵ЦҺ㸸ĸ˵ˡ
̰غյ䣬κεء
ܣүүͬģ
ˣˡ
ǡѩľֻͲæڴϡ
ζ콫ֻһ绰Ѿˡ
ţ˵ʲôˣô𣿡
Ӧ˵ʲôѩѹĻɣʵЩģΪлˡ
˵˵ҪҽԼ




һһʮ  Լ
 

ҪԼζİ಻סϲŲ֪ҪòԼԼлᡣ
˵ҵʲôˣζﰵĵʱѩͿ޳ˡ
˵ôϲСֻйһˡΪʲôҪҽԼ
ѩףԼĶȲúһ
ۼһ߾ǸоСĶȵùּң
òΪȺһȥòֶܱã
˵˵ŻɣûôĺãҲ̫ôĲգĶȲϺһأ
飬˭˵׼Ҳ̫ˣ̰غϲҲһ
ζοıԵĻԼѩһδ
ĺϲÿÿ춼һÿ춼ż޸һ죬֪ҲеǸ˿һһ𡣡
ѩ޵ģڣͻȻ֮ҪԼûܡ
磬ȥүүɣҲųүүҽԼ
ѩʣǰʲôҳүӣҲһӲ
ѩǺϲ㣬㵱ҵϱǳСӲԸⰡһΡǶҲһ޶ֵͬġС˵ʲôҲҪԼ˵ҲͬĻͺţ˵ᣬĵ𣡡
үүҲҲûа취飬ȻĻһȡһµġ
ĲԼһүүˡ
ѩϿ޵ϡﻩģүɳϿһΪѡ
Ҳ㣬ʵڰﲻˣҲǲ֪ƢҡΪãҲõǲǣ
˵ţһºζ죬˵ģȻζûôĺãѩǿ˵һġ
Ҳ£үүҲµ󲻵ģֻҪԼ
ѩˣ̬ȣǳүǰеġ
ѩİﲻˡ
үӺΪѣҲǾһ˼֮󣬲Ḭ̆غҲġ
ѩһ̷Ĳǳ̰غյδ
ɣҸ㣬ڰغ£ȥɡ
ȻѩȥҲı䲻˳̰غյ⣬ȥһ£ҲһЩ
ãллүүѩ۾ֻҪȥԣȡһ£Ըġ
ּҴĸڿ̰غյĶּҸĸԱֺ
ľָĬã˵ʵҲһ̰غջ˻顣
̰غǹ°ˣûϲ˵Ļ
ӣӦҲǻѩྴĹһӵģڡ
ϲ˵ĻôܻԸ⽫ͣ
֪ģѩӶ飬ϣѡ
ĸҲ̾һֽҲû
ּͥᷢ¡˵Ͷ飬˵ͽԼֻҪûĽ顣ԼʲôǶĶ
ˣҲκεϣ尢̣һεҵĲԣּҸ̼ҵϵĺճУܵӰ졣
̰غҡͷٸѩȥͷѩ˺ø
òˡָչЦգѩȥҲǰ취ڽԼˣһ
ƾʲôѩһ´򿪴ţζ߽
ѩôˣ㲻ҽԺ𣿡ָĸһۣǾȡ
ҲĻǲǾͱҸغսԼˣ
ѩ۾ģţҲô̰ͬغսԼ
ѩôôԺˣָüⶼأɺͳ
ңŵˣҲǺϲ
ɿںζѩһһķϣҲûȷֹ
ôԺˣҪǲԺĻδҪҽԼҶ֪أ
ѩЦǱȥ
ҲͬԼѩų̰غգһһ˵
ҲҪͬ⡣̰غޱ飬κε˵
һδޣҲͬԼԺˣССģ㲻ԸҽԼԸ顣
ѩֺüһŮô˵óֻ
㲻ȰңҶжִ㲻֪𣿻аְ֡һֱΪǶҵģΪʲôҪͬغոҽԼ
ѩ޺ۣΪʲôǶվߣΪʲôǶԸΪһ£
ûѡ




һһʮ  ϳȥ
 

̰غЦҪԼҪּҵͬ⣿
㡭ѩҧ촽ȥò
尢̣Ȼ̸ˣҾˣǡ
˵̰꣬غվѩҧҧ촽һѱסĴȣߡ
̰֡غû뵽Ȼᵱô˵ôòʵǲֱӰѩ˦
ҲţҲͬԼҲܣҲͬԼ
ѩıĴȲϷ֣һ
ѩЩΪ飬۵Ĺȥ
ѩų̰غմȵԶ̰غա
̰غųǵͷˡ
Һǣ֪˶ãѩͻȻĽк˹ȥ
ѩ߲ùҲúһҪĶȥ
Ȼ˵Щ¥¶ѾˣϵĴҲƽ
ȴʼûڶ˵Ůѡ
͵һ㣬͹ˡ
䣬ôһ㶼ѽ㲻Ǹһ𣿡
ܹȥСקźһҡҡλεʵ
ɵལϷ˼ҿءģѽѡΪ˰ô˵ġ
һҲûལͻȻͺֺһⲻܣིɵӣᶮġ
֪Ƿ곡Ϸôܸ˵˵һҲһ¾͸Ұְأ˼˵ϷҲеģ˵ڵ곡Ϸʱ򣬾Ϸء
ཾС죬ͦϲֺġǰϲ̰غգԴ֪̰غոĹϵ׸Ժ󡣾ûôϲˣе
úܶŶǲ׶԰ϲС
˵ǰ׶԰Щˣһϲ
ߣǵЩôΧģЩɶˡ
˵ǰ׶԰£һ˼ͻȻЩңԼӦֺȻ·ݵʱ򶼶ѧȥѧУָҪܵʲô˺ء
裬ΪʲôϲѽҾ˺ܺð
˧һǴ˾ϰ壬軹΢Ĺš
ལҪ԰иСѶܺá᲻ͺϲҪԶһҪְ裿
һһ£ཱô˵ཻΪʲôϲֺ
ֲɵҺãֻܰඣֲҺãҾҪְ衣
ߣŲأòá
һС˵Ṵ˵
ûһشһ£漴ӦͻȻ˹
˵Ҳһ𣿡
һһСӣ
ѽǼ
СС;ĺܲˣ
ðɣԺ˵ֻˡǴ˵Լܶǡ
̫ˣǱȽϲֺ
̰غպּ˵˽Լ֮Ҳû̹ǽԼϢ
Ϊ֪ʱ߱ǽԼѱǲΪͺһйϵ
Լˣûһϵ
Ҳ̫˰ɣǲŵģѩ˵ж༫ˣֲǲ֪ɵģ̰غվ͸Լˡ˾ï}ûš
ţûϵ̰غ䵭ֻӴԼģôࡣ
˵˵ּһҶôͳѩô̬
ȷʵǱ̬ΪԸ϶̬
ң˭ȥ̰غհһۣࡣ
ԼҲô໰ԼҲô໰ôڵģô໰˶
ôδѽճ㣬֪ĲҶడ
幵ɴ۾̰غҲ̫ദ˰ɣͻȻԼȻûôá
ȡ
㡭³һָ֮ܺһʶܺɽѩ
ںһֺ
û˵̰꣬غ۾ˢˢˢ
ö˶˵ģ˵ʲôë
ǣǸܣþˣҿ˵𣿡
ɥҪ˵ǸԵôá
˵
ƾ־Ǳ˵Ҫһɷã㿴
ˡʲôɷãûʱ䣬û飬û
áȻҲ̰غջˣҲŬһš
ȵȣ˸ȥȥȥǣǳȥ幽סôõĻᣬԾ˰
ţ̰غտȥ
밡ȥĻһ⣬ǲǿԡ
ϳȥ
ӣ޹εĿź幣ŬŬ죬߾ߣȤ




һһʮ  кø
 

ǣܲãǸɷáӻǲӰ
ӡ̰غΪԼڻôͻȻʹӦҪȥˣ

ʲô˻̰غüҪ˵һ飿
ǣҾ΢Ծһ£ˣȥ졣
ĶҰƲƲ죬˳ȥ
֪жྪȣ˭֪̰غǴֲɷõġ
ʲôشĻ˵˾ҪŻܡ
ղܾˣ˵Ҫܣⲻ˳Ծ𣬲Ӧ˵ǾŲǡ
߳ȥʱס
С֣
һγҵ£ѾнˣҪҪø
СٺһЦļ
֡ΪʲôҪȥԼȥͺ𣿰칫ҾǶֲܡ
͵ҡͷŲȥأò״ӳ̰غҪȥҪС
ͳܱȽÿοҶȫѪҺˡ
˵ţСһҪûʲôĲȥ̰غա
ôʲôʵܲͦõġԸˣʲô̬飬Ҫ³̰غգ
㲻ҶеΪϵ㲻ܲǺеϢ𣿡ôһ̰غգ˶õһˡ
㻰ô࣬Ұýȥˡ
˵еļٴת߽ܲð칫ҡ
칫ѹԽԽͳͻȻЩΪʲôҪСļ
һ֪̰غҪ²ر˿ġ
ʲôһбҪأȻȿţȥ
̾һԺҲ飬ܲˡ
ȥ˵һ£Ժˣ
̰غ֣ŽƬˤ
С£ΪʲôһƸʧ٣ѾдˣǸŽ㡣
ãȥ졣
͵ǣԣһͦóԵġֺһۣЦĶźһ˵еСι
ԭһǾܾģһ˵͵ģҲͲòװ۵ſͣеǿ鵰ȥ
ǻҪãһҪȥϰء꣬һ˲ͣÿһҪֺһԼᣬϷЩ˿
żͳһٷĹ򡣡ֺɫЩͳȴҲĳЦš
ֺһͻȻЩԲҲû˵ʲô
˾ĳԶ͵ǵҲɿˡ
ܿ죬һֺԼϢٴεŵͷ
ţ벻ĻȥһԷ
΢һ˼Ŀһ
˵Ҳ湻ģֺôõ˸΢ź㣬Ȼܲġ
һУҪи˶ôõĻͼˣƨƨҲҪޡ
ںϷ˼ҿΪԸ𣿡
һ̾˿İ취Ըô
ôûкôԺǻǻҪֵ֣ʱЩֻô˵
ҵʱֻһɣʱһѣҪĻȥԲ
ѽ治˵ʲôáǳİɣߵ˵ʲôҶúñġ
ܳŵʲô΢巵ĵû˸ΣҲû˸۸ǳŵԱ
ҲҪллѽܵʱҲ鷳
һ뵽Ժ󣬺һӺ;ವġѩĻԺ󻹵úú÷ء
ϲϲұ簡
ǸҪʺһֻһֱûлᡣ
Ҳ֪ϲǲϲʱͦмġ
ô࣬˵ཡ
Ȼ˵֪ɲô˵ཱུİְ֣ûҲӡ
ô᲻֪أ΢ü:ϲϲϲǲϲôأ
΢ε̾һϲϲԼﶼ֪
ôܰϲһǲزסģ֪ܲΪܻ뵽Ǹˣʲô鶼뵽Ǹˡ
Ĳ֪ôش㡣Ҳǲֳ֪ϲô˵
ˣ㶼ô˵ˣɣǿһұĲɷãٽܲɷõģҵʱҪһһҪܲɷã
˵ţ΢ԤıĴ򿪵ӡ
һȽ˽ʳܣдͺһʦһЩ𣬳ܷ˵һ𣿡
ûʲô˵ģҶкøС




һһʮ  ʲô˼
 

ʲô˼Ƚһ𣿡Ȼûϵ̰غվȻش⡣
Ҫ֪Ƕܱľ޴ѹȲѲŻ̰غ⡣
ǰЩ˲֪ߵغʹ߰⡣Щ˲ʧҵˣһֱ˴ѹţҵʵû˸ô
ҪʲôȽҶкø⼸ôѽ𣿡
̰غյѾشˣﻹҪʵڶΣôߣ
ҼǵóܺСлԼİɣٶ˷ĳ̰غ̫ˣĲɷãϢôࡣ
á̰غ俴һۡϬǰ˱Ƶת˻⡣
ѽһȻұкøУôģ
΢巳˴Ĵָ20һýǰ϶һŮвһĸ顣
˵ЦһϵЦЩҲסˣ̰غգڻ
Ҫýǰ˵ֻʱ˼ýô˵
һ۾ܹõһͷű⡣
˵̰غպֺͬһֻ˵ʲôһ̰غպֺ˳ԣ
žıɣʱҲ֪ЩҪô˵
ҹĺߣкˬĴ
͵ĺͣ·ߣϷֱˡ
վţڻƵ·¡ǿ˴˵ﶼϬ˭Ҳ˭
£̰غյĮӿֺ˫ֲ嶵Ŀڳϡ
ֺ촽ͻȻ䣬һԲ̧ȣٳų̰غǱƶ
顭
̰غͷƫһߣ΢΢
ǡ֣һ±ֺĵطЦ
顭
һȭʼգֺһ仰˵ֻ
ֺ𣿡̰غʵǲֺ֣㲻ô׽ɵҲദ20ѡ
ҷѵ𣿡ֺЦ־һȭȴ̰غ²һȭ
ǾҺܺ۸𣿡̰غЦȻܶûи˴ܣȭǰġ
ΪʲôҪýǰô˵㲻֪Ҹһ¹ϵõĻԼҲûи˵Ѿˣñôãñôһ
ֺҲʾ˺ܿŤһţɳ̲ϴ
֪˶ã˷·ѾԼùˣͣ˶ԷһۣͻȻЦ
ǶûдˣкӣǻܵģҲ⡣
һǸС̰غջһ£˵
ţУ㵱ھܾãҺܡ
ֺЦǸʱѩ˵ǳ˳ۣ￴ù߱۸
һΣѩڲٳϺͳ̰غոס
һǷ곡ϷѣҲ׷Ȩ
һֲģûʸΪĲɷö
ϲѩϲϲֺҲܻ䣬һ𳤴󣬶Ա˴Ҳ˽⡣
öǱ̬̰غղΪ⣬˼ʲô
ôţ㲻ϲңҲϲ㡣
ֺҲ̰غӡ
㻹򣿡̰غüҲ
ˣҲǾȥҲòһɣ̰غգһϲ˭˭ģ˶ԸԤ
ֺڰ֣ܲĳᣬûôܡ
˵ġ̰غնԼġ
ԣ˵ġֺͬҲж˺һ
ңһȥҲϲ̰غյģ
Ҫǣ̰غᣬܺһ޼ɵĶԺһá
ҲϲԸưɣٿȫϲһ
˻صҵֺĸһһ
ǸȥˣˤˣǺ˴ˣ
ĸ۵Ŀôÿһϧˡ
û£ͺˣѩأ
ֺ˿ΧôûѩӦڼҵ
ȶְȥԺˣҲȥ
ĸҡҡͷ̾ѩڵԽԽֺСùˡ
ҽô˵ֺסˣһ첻ڣôѩҪȥԺˣ
˵ûԤģڽŻţ治֪ôˡ
ĸҡͷѾʲôˣֻúչѩܲתá
Ҳֲֺ֣סĸ:裬ˡ
ʲôҲΪúõģúչ̫Ǳߣڼô࣬ܡ




һһʮ  δ
 

ĸ˵꣬˲۽ǵ᣺㰡Ҫʡĵ㣬Ҫٳʲô۶ˣ֪𣿡
ּʵһţľķˡ
ҪȥԺ𣿿Ҳźð
ȻأҲûа취飬ѩ״ʵ̫ˣȻָôĶȥֵط
ѩ
ˣúùʲôҪͲ˵̫ˣȥϢɡ
ĸļֺһͷģǺܵ
ȵĸȫֺ˵ʱ̱ɳסͣԼ޳
ѩԶеĻҪ
Ǻһһȥ˾ϰģԭΪԼǳƲʱһЩûҪɧ
˭֪Щ˸ûô̫࣬еԼ飬ͷ̧ģңټƲȻûڣ˶˵ǳŵƲˡ
٣λãˡڲ֪һվ˶ãиű֣ĵļָָһλõ
˼һεЦЦû˸λĶ
û£ǳǰɣμ棬Ϊ˱ʾĻӭҾԺͽδˡŮЦ΢΢¶С
ţôͿԸѲ˼˵ǳܶʦԭΪǾԵ˺ܶӡ
ɰȻǣƲ˲ǳŵʮ֮һŮЦһܺЦôЦ
˼˼ҵЦеͣǲ˼֪˶ãǸŮӲֹסЦ
ûϵһͷʾ⡣
ãҵУҵλãԺңҿǳߵʦߣŲЩһʱʱ˾Ͳء
ѵʸ߲ǿ˹˾ʳ𣿡
Ļڴһֱͷ̧ͷ
˲𴩵ĵӣԲԲ۾ӣ˹ǣͷ˵
ĺȥɣʮ壡һŷ֣ԭһֱͷڿ磿е㳬һĽܷΧˡ
㶮ʲôǿأţŲΪ˺ء
ǣǰôôաȻǲһһλ
Ǹһϲ磬Ҳ˾ġ
һһ۾װģ˵·רΪͨƣֻһ˵кӣƵ·Ҳǰһ
ԣ˺ܺ˵ģ
ллСĿ佱һһֱ˵ǣͺһһһ񣬺Ѹٵͷ硣
Ҹ˵һ°ɡǿ˾ֻҪʱӾͳɡԣ㿴ˣƲܴ˲ࡣ
ʼ磬Ǵʳģң˾ܸҲȽϺá
һŷӦΪʲôô٣ҲΪǳ߰ɡ
ˣȥϤһɣסˣǲֻ˵ʵġǾ仰һȻ˼мĳЦЦ
ѩˣҪòãĸرԼ
Һͳ̰غսԼʱôҸɴȥ̫ˣ֪ģΪʲôҪǽԼ
ýѩһϳ㲣ޱȵŮǸ̫ǧ
ϲ㡣
ƨϲһҶ飿ȥȥȻҴ㣡ѩ׷ˣҲ֪Լ˵ʲôں˭˵
ַˣȳȥкĻʿҽܹһ˵
ĸһۣ˳ȥһ䰲
ַˣǸ򾲼֮ĻһҪǡЩ˷ǻ˵ģոѩĻǲܲ
Ůֻ𣿡Ŷʮ갡
ɷйƵĲˣпǼŴŮĿǰʲߣһ£ŮĿǰǼԵģշԵģкܴĻ
ģҽҲ֤
ĸͷȥѩĴߣ˯գ컹úõģ̰غ˵ҪԼʱǺúõġ
ֱڶ죬̰غյĲɷõʱűаһһֱˤĶָҲꡣ
ָʱҲǿźġ




һһʮ  ưո
 

ǳߣ һû㲻˺͵˵һ˼æأûЩԺĵĶ
Ҳ΢óҲǺһ׼ƷƵʱû顣
ϹأǲУǾͻˣðɣ
΢巻ǺԱģƲֱţҲƲֱ˾
ԣͬ⡣һȵͷҲƷƵʦ΢巾ѡ˺һһƣһΪԼƷƣҲûͶƷ̫ࡣ
СһòҲҪΪֹԼŶ΢һ۾Ϳһ뷨һ͵
ߣһߣǲ绹ûпءø˻ҲǿԵġ
˵е㲻ˬġ
˼Ҿܺԣӡ΢΢΢һЦԶˡ
΢㣬ǺĺúÿġһҪ΢巷Ź
㿴㿴ϲ磡㻹ϣ̴ȤĿ˵
ҿֲһ΢΢һЦ׼һѰڲͬİ
û˵㲻ˡһˣû˵
ȿȣأǲκòã΢űӣȷʵڿ
֣΢ҽǴˣ
úúãǲǣˣɢɣǣ΢˵Ҫ˵ģɢᡣ
е˵һæԲ̫ܰࡣһ裬ȷʵڸһѹ
֪㡭ĲҷãӣҲ֪ڵ
ںһʲô⣬µĻǻ˵ƵĶ
֪˵ʲôڵʲôҲסģǳĹ򡣡Ǻһݲһ㣬ڹǵðչ
ʲôأһǲ⣬ͬùǹһ㡣
Ƹ壬ҪڲͨˣŻͶȻĻ㻹üģÿֻλᣬθĶĲֻܻˡ
ոڻ˵Ϲء
ãҽܣҲŬġһ˲ѹ˲١
Ҳѹ̫İɣһúúһġ΢ļڶԺһҲΪá
ȵʱһεƷưͷ˭˵ˡ
ţãлл㣡һҲ֪ô˵Ժ΢巳˸мǸм
ڶ֪Ƕ˵Ҫڼҹǳţȫƹ˾
˵ʲôллѽϲ㣬Ҳû˽ĵģ㲻ҪҿǸء
˿Ǵġ
һЦЦû˵֪΢˵ΪҪ̫
ô˵һҪúϧһλᣬһҪڲˣһҪƽվλá
°ʱһʰöҪ߳˾ĴţӭͿ˳̰غգɣǵһҲġ
ʲô̰غǰתĶӵĺһһץס
ǣûӡ
һͷ˸˵ѡ
ţû𣿿ôһҾܣǵͷܡ
̰غ˵ѻݸ壬Ҳͦɰġ
ûУöˣֻ̫ˡһʸڷϣܳϵġ
ðɡ̰غЩڣĵͷ
һЩ̫ڵ˼
ȥö㣬˵ˡ̰غտܲһȴЩʧ˵ģѾֺϵŮˣôܿģ
ǡʲô뵽һͷԼ
ţһֹ̰غɻõͷ
ûʲôٴ̧ͷĺһԵ˲١
û£̰غüֱ׷ʵ
Ҷ˵û£ҡһӦЩˣó̰غպ
ǡôˣô̬Ⱥ˵ͱˡ
ڿֺŮѣ˿˲á
һȥ̰غԭϲԽԽٵġ
ǼװϷɣ̰غҲˣͲˬ¡
ľӰ첻áһɫͨ죬Ϸˣ
Ӱ첻ãҲǣϾԺҪ޽ּҵˡ
̰غպôһ仰ͷҲصߡ
һͷˡ




һһʮ  ϳ
 

ϲܰɣתǰͻȻֵӰŵúһһ
˵ææķϣһֱŬţô
No, No, No.ңҵ۾Բῴղʳոշһж۵ˡ
һ̰غյʱȻϵͷߣǺ̰غסʱ򣬵׼Ĳ׽΢΢Ǻ۾Ĺ⡣
˵һЩż˿Χûŷ
ǰʲôϲһʲô𣿡󲻽⣬̰غô㣬ô˧һϲҲ
˵ڿֺŮѣϲ̰غա
ҡҡͷͬ˵
ϲһˣ۾ǲƭ˵ģ˵ܲǷ곡Ϸ𣿡
󲻽⣬İԾֺͺһ곡Ϸ
ô֪ģһ󾪣ô£˵֪
΢˵ģҿû˵ȥҲǰԵˡ
ַ̾ģûкͱ˵
ǳƲÿһǰԵˣҲ̳ͳˡ
㲻˵ȥôһ˵һһٴζ
ѽͷҾԲ߱˵ģ˵ֲ֪˭Ҳʶʲôһֻʶǡ
ƴͷĲὲȥģǼҿɰĳǴ˷Źòã
Ǿͺãлл㡣һ΢΢ЦҲٺһЦһ
ԣǴˣҪҪСΪʲôϲ˭˭˭
̰غտڲɷй˵Ժһкøеġ
ǿǲɷãǿǳ̰غյһڹڳ˵ԼһŮкøУиոգ̰غҲкһ
ҡã̫ˡһͷЦЦ̰غôõһˣ붼롣
ߺߣҲţ϶Ϊԭ򣬲أȻ˵Ҳ⣬Ͼʶʱ䲻ǺˣŵùٸҲԡ
ڰ֣ͺãҲǣԳԾУҪ̫룬˭á
лл㡣һԵĸл˵һŷֿ
ϳһź͵𣬲ȥŴСĶ
߳ģȥһɫĵ͵Ĳӵͣߡ
ҡǳ̰غű˧ӡ
ҲãԼȥͺáվѣҡӦǳ
ϳȻ³ߡ̰غյݺһܾһҧҧ촽ֻš
ણûžͱʻĳ̰غոˡ
ݡȻ˵һ֣̰غվͲ˵һ֡
һҧŴЩίĴ򿪸ݣȥ
𣿡۾ɵԲԲģ̰غա
̰غһ£ͷһߣ촽Ц
ţԼһ£ʲô˳ˣ
ȡôôණָĳ̰غգͷһĶ
ΪҪЩһ޳ֱճ˺ۡ
ѵ𣿡һǲģϳҲˣҪʻʻˣ
ô壬ǳίˣ̰غüӦòᣬ΢巾Լ۸Լˡ
ҲǺ㡣һߣԼûвİжСС
Ŷ
̰غԽͣһԣ֧ͷ
ǰֻһޣǺÿû뵽ôɰһ档
ȵСèצľʺҪԼһ㡣
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôڼҶҪˡһûôʱġ
ǻȥɡལ̰غֱӣͷ˵
ӷﰲһȻЩΡ
ȥǳʲôΪ˱Σһȿڣʱ俴ȥ
̸һ̰غջش
΢已ı𣿺Ҫ̸ôãһּ̫ͥѵˣȥǩ־ͳô̰غջҪҲʱ̸
΢ұã˲ǡμҿɲк΢һСңּҺܲһ
ǳ̼ңȻǳϵȨˣЩҲó̼˴ӦС
ûгϺܶĹɷݣڳϺܶˣڲҲǴ۸ӵġ
Ҳ˾Եͳɼ֮󣬲һȥǡ
Ҳûɾأ˵΢ǼңǳϻҪҡ
ԭ̰غյĻһŻȻ
΢Ҳͦġô࣬ô»Ʋôĺ㣬ȳ̰غպֺ
ţʱһᾭȥǳ




һٶʮ  㲻
 

̰غͣúһЩܳ
ôˣ̰غռö˵ֵĿ
ûô㲻ҽ͡ôֵֹͣġ
һ˵̰غ΢΢Цתͷһۡ
ң濪һһ£øˡ
ţá̰غճϵ濪ˡ
ӻͣ¥£һ⿪ȫ뽫ԼϵĶ³
֣˼ҳ̰غյ־һ½ˡ
û£̫ˣȥɡ¥ˣҲñӣô·ҡոտֶպˡ
ãԼԡȵҡû˵̰꣬غ̧ȳ¥ȥ
û취һֻø¥
ལˡţЬһų̰غ߽ȥ
裬㿴˭ˣˡһﱧϲܳʮֵĿġ
ǣôҲˣཿһĳ̰غգССһ£漴͡
˭ˣֺҲЦݵ̰߳غյʱЦݽסˡ
ɡֺ˳ǣôϣҲڡ
еɡ̰غյͷᳵ·Ŷ䡣
ҰЩŽˡ
˵ֺȻһִһͳ̰غղһˣǸˡ
壬ǲǣߣҴȥ档
СһǲֺĲԾߡ
̰غһ߽Ž䣬һ߼װĵʵ
ǣģǾҲ֪ôˡ
ԩֺ֪òã˵ֺһֱĻ治֪ˡ
ûϵ㲻úҽ͡Ǻһ˵Ҳ֪ʲô
˵ֺཱུĹϵôôˣ
ãһܺԼͣһ¡
ðɡһͷֻǲᡣ
̰غղֺ֪ϷҲˣڲһȻ֪ˣǽһ²źá
Ҫ𣿡̰غʰöʳƷźڱ֮תͷ
ţӦöˡĻʱྲྀҪųʳ
ɣҴ֡
̰غյͷλó
֣öܳ
ҿϴˡȷʵ˵˼ҲǸմˮ
ϴˣðɣɡҲԣ˶л߲ˣϴòǺܸɾҲû¡
һҲˣһʼǲġҲڵһֺེڶͯһĲ˵һء
õûУζ콫еˮڴ߿Ųϵˣ
ãһҲáͱԺĶȥֶС
㰡ôģ˲֪㣬һ֪𣿡
ζΣѩ˲֪ʲôô֪ܲ
ֱ֪ˣҡѩεƿӣӹеˮ
㶼֪˶ҷˣҽҲҴβˡ
ǰȷʵЩ񲣬⼸Ѿ˰
ҲûʲôõģʱҰŸϢȥ˵㱻Ƶþʧˡ
ζЦĻʱҲúһͳ̰غճԵࡣ
ҪĻó̰غճԵࡣ
úһù𣿡ѩ۾ֻҪúһùʡģġ
԰ôԣ㾫ʧˡ
ζͷֻҪϢųȥϺһ֮ǰźͳ̰غ˵ЩҲһȷѪɡ
ãңڶܳȥһҪҡ
ѩסζ֣ҡȥ
ǡζЩΪѡ
ʲô
Ҿµʱ鷢չǶûơ
ѽѩֱ壬һ
ʲôɿؾͲɿؿԿĲǡ
ѩŬŬ죬Ųô࣬ҪһùԶǰ
㡭ζΣͷ
ˣ˭ϲأ
ѩһЦ:Ҿϲң磬ĺлл㣬ΪϲغյĻһһ𡣡
ζһ۾ȼϣͶ־
ôãǼԭǸʱѩͳ̰غжͷҲôꡣ
ģΪ仰֪˶ŬˣеĵһǵڶҲ
ģһֱչңҵȻҲж硣




һٶʮһ  
 

ζѩͬԼ֮ſʼ¡
ӦõǳŵܼˣΪѩ顣һֱš
ζԼú΢ȷʵ䲻˵ûʲô̬ȡ
һΪ㲻أϾˡ
΢ҲʾǳŵܲãôҲϴôúζô
μҵĲҵҲһ롣ζߣҪȻʲô
⣿ռĲҵţ
װø磬ҿû˵ûкμҵĲҵ΢ߣ֪ҵĲҵҲһ˵ġ
ֻǰϼһڻΪҲʵǴ˾˵ĻҲλϡ
ںζ죬˼Զͬλġζˣ̫ԼҰˡ
Ȼ֪һңӽԺܼࡣԺ󣬶ա
ζ˵꣬ת߳ȥܶĲµġ
Ϊʲô̰غջ˵μұǼһҪӡ
ڻˣܣǺζҲĲ¡
ЩίˡЩȥ¿϶õ΢巵á
ίģܣ㿴Ұأ
꣬ζʱﶼĵ֣ʱͺ΢Щİ塣
ֻЩˣûˡ
أζ쿴һϤûĶס
ܣö˶ˣʣҺˣЩҲǰǣͲ֪˭ˡ
ͷ䣬ͲǰǸˡ
ûϵѾˡζ쵹ǲ£ֻҪڣġ
¡
ζĶһͣصͷȻȥ
Դһֺͳ̰غںһżȻһ֮
ʱʱǿལʵ򡭡䷹ġ
٣һôõģڲ䷹һˡ
ǾǺ幣
˺һԷȥһ˼Ҷá
ĳ̰غյļָָæĺһ
̰غͷ߹ȥֺһҲаƴĻľվ
ȥĶһסֺ
ҲȥһֺȻó̰غպͺһദ
ȥ㿴ལལϲ𣿡
̧ͷһֺ͵ĵͷ
㿴㿴ôϲ㣬㲻Ӧö˼𣿡
˵ȻֺҲ޴ӷֻЩĲɵİƴľ
ͷź幣˭ˣ
ңҳȥʰʰ广һȦܺãô졣
ΪԺһĴʹǴ򿪵ġ
û˻ע⵽ϸڣȻҲû˻ע⵽¥Ǳߵĳͷڶ
䷹һҲ˺ܶ࣬г̰غմ֣һҲûá
ལһҪҪȥ̫԰ϣᶺལôôϲֺ
УѾӦˣһȥ֡
ҡͷȥ̫԰Ҳȥ
ţ㲻Ǻϲ̫԰𣿡һ֣֮ǰôĵġ
ǰϲڲһϲཾС죬ϲһͳ̰غô
̰غǸУҲǡжǱȽŮϲġ
ϲʲô̰غտһۣҲྲྀ̬ȵı仯ˡ
ϲ㡣˵ţͷԷ
һЩεЦЦлһҪôˣ
ڣĩһཱིȥˮл
Ҿǲϲչֱȡʸ񣬶˵˻Ҫһƽأ
ʯӣһߵͷƵ˵
Ǵ˵顣һҲ֪ô˵벻ཾȻΪ¶̰غա
֮ǰҲ塣ʱǻֺ
ǸʱͷϣɺҲˣܺð
ྲྀˣֺǶԺһãһֱܺá
ལ㲻ôô˵ǰô˵ΣҲΡ
ֺҲΡ
Ŷ֪ˡཾС죬ĵĻش
һĸӻû߶Զ˽ǡ
ţһͷҲͷһ;øˡ
ô㰡㲻Ǵϰôôʱ䣿
ཿǳ̰غգС£
ལղӦʲôˣ
һüС֣̰غ߹ȥȴ֪ͣǡ




һٶʮ  ҥԷ
 

ôҲƵƵż̫˰ɡ
·һοûй⣬·Ȼ󿴵ǣˡ
ţôŹûмǴĻϺǳŶߡ
·̰غ͡
һ˵ЦЦҲû˵
·ô·òǸҺİɣ
ིŲ˻·طɲô·ġ
Сһ̰غյͷһֽ
ôң
Ĵļ򣬻ˣôôö˰
һҡҡͷ֪̰غҲֲ֪صˣҲȥˡ
ߵߵߵ
ζİ칫ű˼£ļ߽ȥ
ǺҲĶôʱ䣬زҲ㹻ˡ
ζ۾ļеĴ򿪣һۡţȷʵܺãܲ
ãһӪţô㹻ǮҪżЩزģһķţУ
˵ţӳóһļݸ
ǡ⣬ζزˣﻹҪôã
һЩϣصʲôҪ𣿡
ζһΣ־ںһһ
ܿ׹ͷŶȥ
ζ찲ŵӪҲܶô࣬ʲôһһġ
ȵһϵȶȥַϳµȶȡ
ڣݵĻžףǳ̰غգ
¥ϱô˵̰غվôҲԸ⡣
飡ǮвգҮô˵˼Ҳ㻨İɣǲ̫£˦ֵܵŮѣɧΪʲôȻһϲ
һƬ飬һѾǲڼΪ˱ˡ
һΣƫˣ˼Ҷ̰غգֻΪ⵫Ҳ˵¡
Լ㶼ʲô飿ڻԿƣϽǸʲôһϵϵ
үӽһļˤڳ̰غյĽ£˳̰غôꡣ
ô̰غտ˵һ۵㶼ûУ˶˵̳ϵӡ
أɼ۵Ͷ˵Ƴϡ
Ϊÿһ۵㶼ǻᱻŴ󻯵ģԻǰ
үүҺЭ̰غպܵĶµļһ¡
˵˾ɼ۵ڿɿطΧڡ˵˽ãЩͷĸһѲģ
̰غЦүүӦģǸܲϲвˡ
ǰʱ򣬿ܻǿЭڡ
Ҫ۹ڣ˭ܶ
ûץ㿴㣬˶˵㹼ּңѩ㵽ô
үӼվ˶ţͲӦͬѩ˻ġ
ûԼ̰غ䵭еļžһڲ輸ϡ
үүǣ¿ֱңʲôܲˡ
˵̰꣬غתͷ߳լ˳үôȰ衣
广ϵϢͶԳ̰غյʱҲˡ
̰غա˭ˣѩû׹û˯ģôˣ
һ˰еӣһҪҳǸ
ûɵ̰غ̧ͷһۣû˵ôܻôƬ
ͷ𣿡òѩɣ
ѩ̰غҡҡͷ֪ʲô
ôܣǵòͻٵأҲûйӡ
Ժڶ̫ˡ̰غҡҡͷѩӣôһϷ
ǻ˭˵ԺɣǸȵȣҳȥһˣ
۾ҵĹؼˡ
̰غտܳȥû˵ʲôԼĹ
Щô˵ᱻӰ쵽ôЩʲôû
žવһתܳһ幣Ѻһһ
ǳһǺ֮ʵ
ȥҺ΢巣干ᣬץסһ˵
ҡͷһԼеļ߲
ǣҪҵİæҧ߹ĵԲ۾ǡ
广ȥԴ˲һƬհףմ߹ȥ
ɣüûëɣ
㣬ʲô֣̫ˣġ
еǳʦһ߹ȥЦ˵
󣿵󣿡е Ƕģ
˸ֵֹģǣҪҪҰæߵһߣͻȻĺ幡
ȥ΢㣬˵Ҫ΢㡣һļ߲




һٶʮ  ô
 

ðɣ˰Ȼҿɲź㡣£¥ߡ
幻ûֻ߳Ǵĸߡ
һֵĿҡҡͷ޻˵ҲȥæԼȥˡ
幸ŵȥ·ϣۣû˵
ǺʲôҲֻһֵţúԼסˡ
Ů̫˰ɣһ˧粻Լһ˰ĴţҲ̫˰ɡ
ιʲô֣һ죬ôܵİ
ղųǲ˵ҽе󡣡
ҧܣЩ鲻ԸĻش˲ֵֹģǸԲõ
֪ҵ˼˵㱾ʲô֣֪ǳʦԼȦġ
ڵ֣಻֡
ǺӡŬŬ죬˺÷
ǣǺӣ֪ˮѹǺӣǸ˼֣Ҳйϵ
ԣǺӡĿһֺۣܺҲûôްɡ
йء췱ǣôģ
ġ˵ʱϵҹǺӣΪȡǺӡ
ġĵϲ졣ϣԼһıԤҲ죬˭֪ǰˡ
ֹ˵ʲôأһ£˻ֹ֡
ûʲôԳЦЦҡͷʲôû˵
͵˺΢巵İ칫֮󣬵ֿһֶۣԷҲڿ
񾭲죬ææˡ
˸ųúÿͿǶ˿
һȥʺһֵֹĵڸʲô
ϡͣҲǰ˵һȻһƿƿˡȱأˡ
ȾƵģһ⣬ڣ⡣
年ֵ
ʲô⡣
һǸеŮӡ
Ƕġ΢巵̧˵ϻСࡣ
ģΪʲôûк˵һ䣬֪һĵŮӡ
˵ˣȻأĵֻ֪Ὺģ
ɺܼ򵥣ǲ˼ҵģκһ˵̫ˡ
Һ
ˡ
ܿģҲġ
ƬǷǵҪ󣬶ңĲͬӿиԣǳźܺõʦҲϣвӦó˺ȥ˺
΢已˲幰ѵͶķһ
ĴСʶĽãСأӦùյĺ󱲡
ҲǡҲ֪ô˵ǿһĵˣã뿿
㲻ԶҼʦֶŵģˣϽ˵ĵڶ£˵Ⱦơ
΢ƲƲ죬幵ģ˵һĵ顣
ҲǶͻĹôϵŮӣӦǣѾһһǣҪи˵ǣ
ڶ飬ҿø磬һε飬Ѳ˸ϵ
Ҳû˻ô֪Ҫڱظ̰غա
˵һεôһ룬Ҳǣֶκ·ϿǺζ졣
ԣ벻ʲôˡ
ҲͻȻ뵽ģȻҲǲҲ벻
ҲãĻҲܶз΢巣ǳôãҷӦòٰɣ
΢巰һۣʲôҷۣʵԱ
˶ɡֻˣ˼ҸջôĿŵĻ˻˵л
Ȼ͵̰ͦغպǺܷϣҲǸóϯʲôͳϯʲô
磬ϵĴᣬۼ˲еλǣ̽
˶Ϊ̰غջΪһεķ粨
û뵽˼Ҹ⣬ǹһġ
ǰܻѩҡ
ֺҲϯһε磬һڵŮѣȻҲҪųϯġ
ǺһһγϯĻֺʦȥҵʱһ
úÿҲһ޵ˣ˵
һҲȥòã
ֺջؿһߣСһ˵
ǡԥˣȥĻܻʲô鷳˼Һϲ˵£ر
ིȥǾͺˡֺջСһ




һٶʮ  
 

ҲǺȥءҡҡͷᶨԼ뷨ȥ˿ƿ
ҪһȥһӾ￴ཱུС׼Ĳ׽仯
СེȥҲûʲôԡ
һתͷСԴʵȥҲǿԵģΪ뵽Ĵܶ࣬˼Һܶ඼ϼҴڵȥ
һԼĺ¶¶Ǵ磬ֲʲô̻ᡣ
һֺҲ뵽ĳ³ཱིϵʱЩҲֻǳԾһ£һҲͻָˡ
ǿų̰غ߹ȥʱ᳡˵ɧ
ɧɧϾȦҲʲô֮Ҳֻġ
Ӳָָ㣬ֻ͵͵ȥ۲Ǳߵһһˡ
ɡ̰غҲûѺ幣ǺɺϵģһЦĺǴк
Լ߹ġֺ΢΢涼
԰Сүҿˡ幰˵ǳ̰غһֱźһܺÿ
㿴ʲôûŮСһѳ³̵֣ںһǰ
ཡһΣô˵ôཻǲģ
ߺߡһ֪һˣ˼
ܣܣλã롣Щεʱ췽ĹԱ
ǵλڶ¥ģ¥רΪЩ׼
һҵˣÿĴƿҲԽ࣬ÿ꣬ǳţ̫ţЩţƿ
һһᣬЩͨĶҪӦĿͳǮƷˡ
ֺеҳݸһΪ͵
ţ𣿡һӹûμӹĴᡣ
ڹʱҲμӹС͵ĴᣬǿɲǲһĹ򣬾ͺͨûų
ţһͰѵƽˣҪĸĿҾ;ĸ
ֺͷרƵǰ
ֲǮðɡ
壬Ҳ𣿡Բ۾һг˺档
ɲġ
㡣ṵֺ̂ͣغվͽԼĵƵݸ
ԥһ£һѽӹ
һµʮ򣬰ʮ
̰غԼĽཱུͣͷ˫ŵԾԾԡ
⡭һüôúһ̫ΣҪԤ֮ƿǲã
ûϵ̰غ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֹס
ְ˰
ĸ߸ЬûͷһҲ֪Ǻ΢巡
ѣˡ
죡΢üɺ幣ûӦ
ֳ˵ȾƣӦȥҪˡ
װģ˵Ѿľˡ΢ˣɲӦ֪Ⱦˡ
ŶҿƵ˭ƿƻĲ
干´°
㣡΢ȭͷģһһҪһ١
ȾˣӦ΢巳˳䣬һָ
һ㣬û٣һѣһڡĺ幣û˵ȾƸ
ŶӴ΢巣ԭǸˮţǵһܺȵҲֻˮţˡ
幼Ϸ֪ûһúĵ˻ӽ
в΢̲סǰһ١
ϻȥٺúýͣ
ӦΣס΢巵֣΢űֱ
󣬺΢巻ͺ并Ƕ£ܡ
һˣЩĽûѣǰѡˡ
ˣôǴԼǳŵĵأ
ֺ۾ܼ⣬û΢Ǵǳŵĵơ
ǩζ鵽ˣǶء
ǴμӴģֻϣζ첻ҪʲôƵ顣
ôͲʲô¶
ôҪĶζ㣬ôģʵǲס
ǰͷ˵ǩ˭ǳţʲô취ҪֳҲãԺǰͷͲῼˡ
΢ʲô£һζ죬ɣ

ζ컹治ʡģῪʼ֮󣬺΢巵üͷûչһҲŵƵһһġ
õģĺܸлҽĵͶǴ֧֡
ӽβʱ̨йǰʮ
ܸлǳŵĺζȫ࣬һǧ˰򡣡




һٶʮ  ܴ
 

һǧ˰򡭡һĬʶĿ΢巣΢巵ɫá
һǧ˰ʲôС֣κһŶóһǧ˰ġ
ϵĵƣǳϣҲֻǾһǧѾǺܴ
꣬һȫҲͰ˰򡣿һǧ˰򡭡ǳôǮԾȥ
΢巣⡭ɫҲ֣ҪֹѾˣóȥˮĶյû
Ҫô죿ǳѾﻢˡѾˣǲǮǾͻթ裬ʱ򻹲֪˼ôôء
ȥ΢ˢһվܲˡ
ӦҲ̸ȥԼŮѻί΢һ·ȥζվ棬ר̵һ
װãĶеζЩаȵЦЦֽеľ׿ݸ
ȥǰͷһ°ɣһǧ˰Ŷ
һ޿ֵģʵ
˵֪һû취ƶѾˣ˵ǰɡ
ζ˾öЦݣ׿
Ͳǻ㣿΢巽촽ãűһ仰
ǵ߹ҿɲǣԡΪʲôҪΪ룿
ζ˵꣬תž߹һƣӦ˾پƱһˡ
΢巣ӦȥԼĻζ죬ȷʵ̫ˡ
˵Ҹô죿΢ĿĻѵҪһǧ˰óȥ
ǳͶµƷƣҪǮʱǰҪ˵һǧ˰ˣһҲó
ǹİɡһҲ¥һ˵
ȻǹģΪѡ΢棬ζʲôѵúܡ
ǣҲô˼һҡҡͷ֣ʾ϶¥
֮󣬺һſʼ͡
֮ǰòײЩ˵ͬͶǼĿ
һһ£ǰ΢˵Щ飬ںɵóˡ
ôһ˵ң΢üǰô벻һ㣿
ţǷʱ˵ǲǳĿʽǧ򣬵ҪͶĿĻֻǧ򡣡
һͷǳôҵ˵ǧתʽѾܵˣٰһǧ˰ȥǳûתʽˡ
ķֺͳ̰غսǰһû뵽һʶ
ԣȻǼЩϼһһʼɵһ˵תʽ㡣
΢ζ⣬ʱΪ鱻Щϼһְˣܹεֻ
ЩûܲλջȥԺľҲôκ֧֡
ζ죬ȷʵܻ㣬ֲô޿ֲ֣Ƶơ
ô죿ܲԼһǧ˰˰ȥɣ
΢ż̫ˣ벻ʲôرõĽ취
ãҸղſ˵һƷҪڹ֮ſģȻֱӼӵ֮ǰ
һһ£а취ģǡǶģȥ˵ķӦ
һ뷨󣬺΢ԥãƷ׼˿ʱԽԽ
΢һЦݣվǳŵϯλ
˵ʲô̰غմչղźһǵͺ΢巵ģǶ֪˵ʲô
һ֪ˡ
һЦһһһкϷˡ
õģһƷһƷ׵ģһƲȡϹأһεһε˫εƵĻǾǵ⣬ǵĹԱǰ
̨ϻɫԱʼƷСƳ
ѵõƷرֻ棬Ա档
õģڣʼġ
տʼʱ򣬵һһµøûһȫյƵƺƲסһֹΣ
⡭ô£ͻȻˣʲôô⣿
λԵȣЧԱһµơ
ܿ죬˷Ӧ̽ͣԱ
ô£ֺһոյƻúõġ
ûӦ𣿡һüŮ䣬ɻۣ׳ɹ
ǡ
Ӧ˰еļյŪҿֲᣬչأ⣬հȫÿһλߺ͵λĽҪǱ˺͵λȷһ顣




һٶʮҵľ
 

һղſǰֺݸĲĿһ顣
Ҷֹ֪涨幾ˣ˺ܶΣǵһ˵ֲģƻҪֳ
Ϊ٣ңִ󸻺ôῴôϸ΢Ĺ򣿡
һЩǼ߲ˣע½ǣСŵ壬ôСʵģôܻ۾ȥ
˹ҿ㣬һҲҪȫǳŵʱǵĿ˵ĻҲǳߣ
幻ǲףȷϺǻᵱġ
ᡣ̰غսӹ⣬Ὺڡ
ʱ˺ʵʱı
ԣǴҶ飬ǲ˵ǳʲôġ
ԣûң˾ǮԾ
һͷЦŽ:ǳŵĹֿвٳɿ·ûģֵҲͣԡ
ոսк΢巵ģõƳ⣬ǩֵʱ򣬾Ͱеĸһ£һû£ֻҪ̫پͿԡ
¥£̨ϵ˵ȹԱ̣õֿͷ󺹵ٴ΢Ц̨µˡ
λ̡ѾͳƺˡһΣǳϣһǧ򡣡
һһ𾪵Ŀų̰غգּˣΪʲô
ڶǳţֽʡ
һʱ̨µ˹ȻҲûʲôӦͦӦġ
õģô̰غ˵䡣
ÿһǮǸˣҪһԼĸԵġ
ûʲô˵ģллұôӦҵ󣬽껹лڴǰ¶ҲллλĿ
Ƿԣ̰غյĻҲ࣬˵ô࣬ѾǺΪˡ
⼸仰Ϣܴ󣬼ΪǳŽΪʲôľˡ
һһ߻ħʲôĳϡ
ĳ̰غգ˶İݲᣬѵ˵Ĳ
Ϊ˱ʾлҸԸ⻨Ǹλ
̰غտߵƲһֿۣڵ̨µ˵ȻûﶼǻǮ˵ģ໨ٻҲûʲô
һһֺԵĿų̰غЩ
˼һջߣ˼ЦЦ
һ΢巼Ĵ¥µλȹһ§ס˺һ
̫ˣС㣬Ȼҽȥ鷳ʹˣҵľǸ̫Ͼ
΢̫ˣԭѾˣҪôԼǮҪôñ׼
˭֪һĸ֧УͻһεΣˡ
ҲллӦôҵ˰ѵʲôĻҵļƻҲﲻʲôæ
˵ûӦӰء
԰ҼӦأ΢巿˿Χûˡ
ȹһżӦӰһ·ɫװɫġ
·΢ܹȥ·ôˣ
˵ˣҸղȥ̨װԱŪ˼յƺ󣬱˽סˣһļǿϳͽƷĨԼˡ
̫ˣŻسﻻһ·ͷŻʪš
ˡ΢ЩжôϳһҲ˰ɣ
Ϲ˵ʲô˾СӦͷҿˣȻŮҪǸʰ̯ˣ
ӦҲùɡ
ӦЩԸڵṴǣϲ۸ŮѺµˡ
ģвɣſңɣζ쿪ȷʵܣĳͻȻס
ۣ־ȻһȺƹ˵ʲôҪ۴£̸¼䶼Ǿʡ
ֵܣҪż⳵Ǻϵãһ֮ɣ߸磬㲻Ҿǿңֵ˵ǲǣ
Ϊ׵ľƹһѳζ죬ͷ˵ζȻСȴѲ
ңмأһһ
Ǿǣôĳÿһ
ζһ꣬ǵʲô
ſңζܲˣƹúúȾƲ·
Ӵֵܣ㻹أǳԿף澫¡Ķȥˡ
ҵԿףζɫ࣬ĳԿ׵ˮ
ҹζˣһЩ͵ײײˡ
ĳԿס
Shitζ챩ĴһȭӣûгԿףôȥֻܽϳˣȻͣļʻ֤ķֿûܿ۵ġ
ߵӦʱ䣬ǱӦѾһϷѺζˣת˰ɡ
õͷġӦֻǸһѵҪԺɾͲôˡ




һٶʮ  ֻǾȤ
 

΢ֹͷһ:ֹʲô
ӦһعЦͷ
û¡
û£ֹˡ
šش𣬿΢巵Ķᡣ
ӦҽǸˡһ֪¥Ͽ˶ã̲סڵ
ͷһҲ£󷽷Ŀǡ
ʲôʱվǺģŶ΢Щ
Ŷ˼ô㶼û֡һҲѧظЦĿ
ȿȣҸۣ治мΧתôȤȤǣ
ûʲô£ǸѣСĵȻһҲ벻ʲô㡣
ᶼҪˣﻹʲô飿
֪ԷҺˡӦǻһpartyģȥ
һͷתȥǼ˻Ϣ
ûСȻô̲סĴָ벻Уһô뵽ˡ
գʲôһҡͷӦʱѵƴã˿سУֱֻ˻أĵҲûʲôô
ǽˡֺվļúܲ
Ǹأֶŵĸﰡ
һһĳ̰غգٲϣûʲôˣ
˼£Ϲʲô³ȥˣǴϰ̸
ϰôûйŮѣòһõ
Ҫչһĵ𣿡̯֣Ҫ
׼ȥɡһǷϻķϻ̫˲ʲô¡
һ۾һһҲ棬ˮҲˣԻȥ̫ˡ
һ:裬Ҳȥˡ
ǡֺЦ⡣
ལһ˵ҪҿõĻľģǻȥ˳ҿĻľ
۾һԣȻ̰غղǣԣ
˭˭˭ռˡ
㡭³ʲôһôֵ
Ҳˣʲô֣
ôСϵܡ
۽ҪNɪжNɪ
³ôһ˵ͷһߣģ˭Сϵܡ
ãһ㿴жԼƴģ趼ҵġ
Сһ˷ܣڿ԰ԼսƷչʾ˿ˣ
ǿӮģԼƴģСһ±˲֪ǿ
úúã߰ɣǻȥûɣ
幻ͷǣһһҲ
ûĻǾ˰
ýܶ࣬ĵҺһһĻܻᴫҥԡ
ֺȻģƾʲôϵŮǱͻؼң
ⲻζ˵ȥİɣ
ļߣʲô
幡̰غտڣɫ广һۣԹԱ졣
ǡ˭һȥҪȻԼ򳵻ȥ
һΣǣȥˣǶͣ
ǣҲԼؼҵءҲĺߺ˺ǣĥĥģˡ
ǻȥҲ뿴ཱུĻľֺཱ֣
һЦЦ߳ȥ
ﰡ幺ɸֵĵɳ̰غգеռˡ
˵Ĳ̰غյȻڣֳϣҪǲһߵĻ˻˵ģ˵á
ǡ̫ˣ³̰غƽĻᶼûˡ
ȥɡ̰غտһʱ䣬Ҳûȥˡ
ȥ֣ͻȻ۾ǸлҪԼˡ
ﲢûоưĳֵ֣Ǻܴ󣬷źܾ衣
Ⱥ¥һƨǸмλϡ
幣ôˣЩȻû뵽ôɵ˾Ȼˡ
˵˸СҰèƽһָӡ
ɶأСүư
Щ˶ϰˣҲֻǹЦ˼£ָơ
˵СҰèʲôˣ缸ƣ
ޣԼңСҰèкӹ𣿡
ߣľһ
ǲˣ㿴ϵСҰèĶҶһ⸱żģЦ
ȥȥȥӶЩۻ಻˼룬СүֻǾȤ幱ǴȤɫЩȻ
ŶӶЦ:ֻǾȤ




һٶʮ  
 

ȥȥȥǶʲôˣ幱ôһȤҲЩ
ϲһʲô˵ģǺ°˭֪ôһֱһģ
ܶԱŮȤǶԳȥűףˡ
ˣ˵ĪСүһСүˡ
˵ţžԱŲŲڽ
˿ֻǹЦ˼ø͸ȥˡ
ã¥´óֵεӰ촽˹¥
С󣡡һץסһͷͷˡ
ô㣿񾭲ôˣ
ǣôңѵˣ߸ϲ˭
ƨ⸱ᱡģð־Ҫ
ôÿСŮôһھ͡ôأСҰè
ſңɽԺô˵ģȻųˣ
Լͷһ۵
ǲɣǳǶȥܳģСҰèô΢已ǰ㵱һ𣿡
̫ίˣֲʲôˡ
Ҫܣüͷĵ幷ϵ֡
ףСүȾ¡幻Цģһ
ȥǳŵи߼ʦн١õ룿ھǮȥưɣҲеġ
ǣһβ鷳԰һְɣ
干ļȥȰ˵Щߵ̨ĸλ͵ʲô
ȷҪⱭ£幵ɴ۾ǰɣⳤҾƣҲһʧ档
ô𣿡
žüڿڰ̨ϡ
ԺľСүȫˣ年ûܵ裬Ȼ˵Ɑƣأ
ߣùһ
һ룬롭
˵һſ˰̨ϣɵˣʲô˵
ι㡭⡭㻹ûĶأСүôȥ
广Цãʹ죬һ͵ˡ
幣˵㻹ؼҸֱӴؼҲ𣿡
ǣǣ˵СҰè𣿡
¥ϣȫ̿ǾĹӸǣ׷׿ϿϷһߵ٩
ȥȥȥۻ˼룡ǣֻˣôôѣ
幵ͷɫĵһŮӣôģôȲ˻Ҫȡ
ҳ˺΢巵ĺ룬Ȼʵǲź΢巣ֻסַˡ
Ǳߵĺ΢Ҳ˵平ȾƵ飬ûأ
סַ֪𣿡ƲƲ죬ӦôôŮѡ
ȥˣһٶ𿿽󣬵Цģ
ԩģˣҪôҵַҪôҾʹؼңҼҵĻᷢʲôҿɾͲ֤
ߣбھɱɰӦ˵ҪȥĶ
B17¥һҹȥҪǳʲôҰƤ
Ȼôһ˵Ǳߵĺ΢̱˵ַ
Ӧҽôġ
Ӧɤ:һôʹ
ǣҾ徣ټߵĹ˵绰̫ˣΪʲôǱ۸أ
幵ͷһ˯ĳֶĵİ߳ȥ
ŶӴүҪ˰ЩӸһ˱ߣſڡ
ԱټһƿľƣԼˣ
ҧгݵתͷ¥ϵ˿⣬Ц
ȥĪӣҲµһλãӭλʦ㳡ллҵĺ񰮡
幼һ޿Ŵͷϴˮĵɳֱġ
ﲻ˵ǲǲϲҵƣҸ㿴ҵƣ
޶ԣʦԸˣһѽӾס
úúạ̃ˣòã
ոջôɣһƷţ˭֪·һӲ˵ûҾͿʼˣƷ衣
ãûҵѴʦҿʦеŮӴƵ·СŮ㣡
ٺһЦ§סĲӣȥ
㴩ҵ·ҲСŮ˵ǲǺ˵ǲǺвţ
̧ͷ۾ž幺һˣҪɫסˡ
ǣǡ幵Ķͷϸܵĺ飬̿ˮơ
ԣǡܣһΣֱ˵ˡ




һٶʮ  ɳ
 

ǣѾܺҲ֪һжΣ𣿡
Ǳʲô絽һһ飬Լƿ
ʼϲƵɳϣһ޺
㻵СŮΪʲôҪҰʹƨʹ
ϵĴһţ˵
㡭˻ôˣɳôײʹ
ҿڿˣСŮȥˮòáһ룬֣ź幵·ŴŴ˵
ãҵĴҲӦô̼ȾƵģҵĴӦóеĺ
幱Լƽתȥˮ
˵ţˮݸҲɣù˹˵ĺ
ܣôվˣҴϵ𣿡
ˣˮַˣһº幵βɫǺܸˡ
һӸﱻ˴ֵط۾õûü𣬵Цıסϡ
ˣصƣ꣬˵ˣ˯
ţ⡭幺ΣڵҪôһϵˣ
幣ڸ
ش֪ʲôʱĺ΢巣ŭָǡ
˵˲𣿲ǴӦôͱһˣ
̣ˣȾҰɡ
һ΢巣޳ˣǼҵʦСҲ̫ĥˡ
ʱģһЦᶼҪˣ޷Ǹ첻µزµĺ幾ȻڵĻôһ졣
ѵһƭ㣿һˣҸ˵̫ЦˣҲ֪˾ȻôˣǺ幵Ŀǡ
΢ЦУӣҪһĳ̲סЦ
΢㣡Цеʱ򣬵Сܹ
˼һڹ˾ģôԾϢ˵¡
֪ڹ˾ǲǲ֪ԡˣ̫ˡ
΢巰ڰ֣ԺһҪõ̫ĥˡ
⼸죬һ֣û
ҵʲôͣȶƬˣʲôǵá
ǰʲôҲ֪Ļ㻹Ǳˣ߷
΢ϵ飬;Ͷˡ
˵ţһֱЦк广èһȴʲô֪
㰡ҿڰǺ幵·ʱȥȣͿʼȥˡ
˵ʲôӰְָ㻻·ܲԴ·ġ
֪ʱ幵ıжôľʡ
ҡôˣסˣûˡ
ԺٺȾƣžһǰһ̲衣
ź΢巺ͺһǰҲ̲裬һȥһ
һҲ˵㿴ˣءһѱסһһһƿ
ȿȣһлл̲裬һͳ˵
΢һźһ칫ߡ
ѽһԣǺûʲôɡ
˺˵ˣһϲģǶ˼ҵ̲ˣǾ͵ø˼ҵռ䡣
ȻܲãƲĵһǣʲô֪
šһ۾
ǰɣһȣϲ˭ҲǺܵ͵ġ֪û֮ǰһԼڼҴģֻҪԵģ֪һֻеŻһֱ򡣡
΢巰Ҳһһһ㶵ģʲô
һCEOôôԣǰɣCEOѵǺͳ̰غһæҪ
CEOô԰ˣ˵ˣȤһ԰һұ磬ҲұһôԴŮӣ̫ˡ
΢巸̰̾غôˣڶ˸о¶ء
ЦˣƾһΪλֶεء
һԳЦЦǲұġ
ǣͲ˶ѣҲڹǰҲ˵кøУҪȻź
΢Ϊģʮˣûй龭ȥҪɳ̰غϲǺˡ
һЦЦ𣿿²ǰɣ̰غաֻǿֺôNɪѡ
һѲɡһ㶼ϲұұǸ˿飬ʵϲģ˺ܺõģǶ̵࣬һ㡣
΢巻ڲ̰غգϣһܺͳ̰غһ
һû˵ҡҡͷ
㣬Ĳϲ΢已ˣͣɫ
ҡϲ
磿һˣǳ̰غգ˭




һʮ  ϲ
 

һһôôɣô˵ֻʱᱻ̰غ
Ҳ̫˰ɣһӲӣһͷﶼǺ顣
磬ʲôʱģ΢СĿһۺһֿһ۳̰غգղŶûӦòðɡ
һˡ̰غմϿȥûʲôȴֺô򵥡
ʲôˣ΢һԼﲻһۣһͲ˵޴Ļˡ
ʲô̰غڷʺ΢巣ʵڶźһӦ
ûûʲô΢εЦЦͷװģĺ̲裬һһ֡
ʲôһһ˵أҪµĻ˵
΢֪Լˣ̽һҪǰߡ
ãȥ칫ҵ̰غյɫ¶ôһ˿˿Ĳ죬΢ֻñһˣҪˡ
ˣʲô˵ɡ
һתϻôȥ칫ҵȣЩ˻ô
㲻ϲ˭̰غ촽һֱߣȥί
ûвϲ˭һ̧۾
ϲ˭
˭ϲһش÷ɿ죬Ǹģشͺá
㻹ʲôûеĻҾȥˡһϱֵ΢Цų̰غա
̰غղ˵ڴĦ˵ǡһĬϣ˺΢巿첽߿
˺һ̰غŵͷԳĹ˹ǣôˣ
ôһϺһͻʧأ
ˡ΢ظΪ̰غջ⣬ԺҲˡ
һһҪȷΧûг̰غջ߶еٿڡ
ո˵ġ΢巳Ĵָûвϲ˭˭ϲǱ׼𰸡
ԺĿȥүˡ
һҲŻֻҲ֪ôˣȻô˵Щ
һ֪ˣҲˡ΢ϴϵ÷ɿ죬Ҳ֪һϲϲ³̰غˡ
Ƕ˵飬Ϲͣñ̰غյɱ
̰غѾü춼ûмһˣǼ˵ľۻᣬֻҪһڳһûʱ䡣
һǲʲô΢ҲʲôԾ
ֱĳ˹²ʱź֪Ĳô̰غա
֪ˣһǰˣֱǸɽ˰ɡ
ҡҡͷĲ֪ҲҲϰˣ̰غǰҲġ
һǰ΢סͣһǰ˵ʱ
תͷһһˡ
ǲ֪ʲô幺ܿͲ׽΢巵̷ʡ
֪æ΢巺ǺһЦ»֪ôźá
ֵֹģˣ˵ˣ˵ѩˡ
幰ڰ֣̰غ˲ʲô⣬ˡ
ѩ˵Ժôֳˣ
һͺ΢ʱѩڣǹˡ
ֻ˵Եģȶˣ˼Ҳܹɡ
ƲƲ죬ҪԶͺˣǳˡ
ѩˣúһԼԼĲѩǴѧͬѧȻִֵ֪ӵġ
ҪԼԣֻµʱѶԸ
ѩûѡּҾסָĸ
˵ʲôҪȥָĸҲֲ¥ڱһ߸׷ס
ÿȥһҲܰһЩȻѩڼ﷢裬ҲǸ취
Ҳ˵ֻǶԺһôðغյҲˣѩζ죬ͷ
Ҳ˵ˣⲻܿƵģҲ֪ǻתͷȥ̰غա
ζ˵УѩҲûʲô˼𽥽Ǻζ޷Ʋŵ³̰غձˡ
ˣغաԺôʱ䣬ûм̰غգҪ衣
ûȡԼˣô
ĳ̰غգζһЩѵͿһֱ
ΪȡˣҲҪ
ѩôôࣿһʲôʲôʺġ
ѩԼȥɣȻȥˡζΣμǱߵͷǻΪϵ鲻ţҪغԼβͣʵûѩ֡
ѩʲôˣô˵ȥ̰غգҪȥҪЩǡ




һʮһ  ̫
 

Ѿ뿪ѩҵĺζ죬ǲģɵ¡
ص·ʱ򣬻̲ס绰
Ҫȥ̰غգ
ڿЦģҸ˵ҲҪȥһҪü߿Ҷ飡
ѩѾϵýˣһʰ֮󣬵ȵԱ°࣬Ǹʱ˵ʱȥ
ͲˣѲɳ̰غ浱һ㶼һ㶼
ȰòҪȥȥҲҪ̣˶ǻƣ͸еģܶʲô顣
رѩͳ̰غ£ǰǰһˣȥѩҪȺˡ
֪ǲȥ磬֪ϲң֪ϲغյģӦðңܵȥԣһתأ
ѩҲһܹͬģϾǸԵķӡ
Ҫתأ
Ҿͺһ𰡣ѩίֲûһﲻ
ãͳ仰Ұ㣬ԣҵģҪô̡
ζ鸴ӣȰ˵
ǡѩô˵һ˵绰
ζεı۾ΪʲôͲԸأ
磬ѩ˵һ㣬°߷ڵʱ򣬴ҡڵ߽ϣһ·ϣɱȥ̰غյİ칫ҡ
ӰЩ˿϶ǸָľȣͲ⡣
Ҳǣ˵ȻǶԼˣͲˡ
ܲãǰ̨˵ѩСˡһϢû
ѩ˺˴ҵ͹ġ
ʲô̰غ̧ͷЩ࣬ǲá
ҡܲǲס
ȥɡһѩѣʲô
ǡظһ㣬첽߳ȥöԶһ㣬սӵ
֮ûãѩײŶ룬̰غû˿ľȣûһۡ
غգ֮߹ȥһѽϵıͲˤڵϣմɵıͲ˲ķѡ
£̰غտһ۵ϵմƬɫɣûа㲻õ
ǲ𣿳̰غգѾˣԼŰɡ
ѩһƨɳϣһߵģ
̰غտһʱ䣬վʰԼĶɣһҲбˡ
ȥĶѩҪߣʵ
̰غôԼȥĶأѩ˹˾ţʱڵһ±ס˳̰غյĴȡ
̰غüĿһ:֡
Ҳţҵģ㲻سŵ˵ҪȢֻԼġ
˵Ѿۼˣ˽
Ĳ֣̰غջһܣۼĿȺеİǣЦһ
Ҳֵģʲôˣ˵Ҷĺ㲻ҵġֻǽ飬ҲжŮˣֻҪҽһ·ˡ
ѩѾҪ棬ֻҪܹͳ̰غճϹϵ;ֵˡ
ǡ̰غЦ:û˯ĺӣ
ȴΧĻ
ѩȻ벻ôӣɫ˲Ұס
Ҫô֣Ҫôҽб̰غնѾûʲôģ御ˡ
̰غգȻȺдһˣ־ͶԳ̰غһȭ
̰غɫһ֣һȭܣҲÿ˭
磬߰ɣϡ
ѩһǺζ죬ںζϣһ滨ģ
ǸˣӦΪΪΣ
ζߺ޵˵꣬ѩ뿪
գĵѩ븾ƵƬȥݷʱֻǵͷŵԼСüۼǱˣžͷҧŴֵҡҡͷˡ
ţѩһΪȻ/ϵһǰһڳ̰غǰ˵Ļ۷׷ס
Щž˵̰غնѩ䲻Σδȴ˿Ρ
ûҺߵһѩ̱ںζıôĿġ
֪Ϊ㣬Ҳ˵ֻҪܹϹϵʲôԸ⣬ġҲˡ
ζͬ˺ܾã賿ʱµľġ
ѩϲˣ𡣿ѩҪҲûа취
ڣѩĻ˳̰غյĺӣҲ⡣
ǰˣھƴƣҵòˣôҲҪٵ
ѩһӰ﷭һݱζ졣
ǺһǶӺͰغյӼ棬ʱʣ˸һ¡




һʮ  ʱְ
 

ټ٣ټ棬һ˵ģǳ̰غ֮ǰֵжãҲУ¹޵
ԶȱӺͳ𸻵ˡʱǴɱķʱ̡
Ԫ㲻úˣ磬ϣǺԶվڵµƸߵϡ
ǳ̰غգѾÿҲ֪Ǯڴʱ˿̣Ǹˡ
ô죿СĿų̰غһҹ֮䣬츲صı仯
ЩôЩ˾ͺûһǿνš
ôˣ̰غտȥ񲢲ǺӰ졣
棿ֻһѼߣǼŵ
ͻȻ֪ô˵ҵҵֱܲӹҹġ
һε鴦òãƱֵ֪Ҫʧ١
ңҪǶǼٵģЩ
⹫ʱְУ/
̰غյɫѩˣһֱǿּҺүүϣŶһ̡
ǣݣˮ
ţܲãְ˭˾Щ񣿡
ûģָ
㲻ܴ
Ҳ
㲻У
۾˵˭أԹĿһ۳̰غգһڴӦ
ôͲˣҴҴҴ˵㲻͵ˡ
۾Ͳˣ鶼ã
ţһȥ̰غյͷô꣬С¶á
ͷһȥӻ뿪ϵĵ³⣬ϡԿų̰غճֵļǡ
ǳϲһĹ˾߲ûô׾ܽȥ
ôˡССľ̾һҪǵʱ̰غղڹ˾ˣǹô죿
ģһȥͻҲڹ˾̰غҲе˽µĺ
лܡǳܻǸ˵ģȻʱ֣Ȼʱ˾ɽ󣬵ɷϣֱõܲá
š̰غ˵꣬λϣ۾ԸЩųƳԪϵϼһǲҪ̫
̰غղ˵Ҳͣų̰غպܿͻġ
̰غԸְͣһʱҪ/ѩϢһը˹
ѩԼҲ𾪣벻̰غվȻԼ˾顣
ΪΪѩҡͷɳĽ
ôңôΪһҪΪʲôҪôң
ѩף̰غôô飿ζ쿴ģȻۣȴҲЩġ
ӣѩӦòٶԳ̰غձϣ˰ɣڿԿ˰ɣ
ѩ
ңһĸڳˣȻغһôң
ѩһĿ֣۾ŭ
úúãҲ㣬ֻ˵Ӧ˽ģƢҪȥۡ
ζߣһ뵽ֺϣڰдʹѩͳ̰غյĹϵŪӡ
ô죡磬Ҫ/ңҸô죿
ѩЩѾߵֵزôǵòõأ
㻹ų̰غ𣿡ζŲŲһ
Ҳˣôˣһʲôģ
ڵֻϣܹͳ̰غһµ˭ҪŹ˭
áζͷ֪һôˡ
̰غջȥ֮󣬵û˸ҹүү˽ľֻ֮ǰ̾Ҳû˵ʲô
֪ѩˣһǿȳ̰غȢ
ֻĻһֱţͣĳҳ棬̰غմվشǰĳҵƻôô壿
˺þãһ绰Ѿʮ춼ûмˡ
֪Ϊʲôеʱܻ᲻
ʱԼԼľȻǰǸϵǸغ
㻹𣿡ˣϢ̰غյͷͻȻЦ
ûлϢֱ¥ȡһֱŵķȥ
ιһһ߲ͷһɻĽ˵绰
ϲ̲軹Ạ̰̊́غյȻúһͷһסˡ
ţϲ𣿡̰غûشʵ
ǣ̲ұȽϲһҡҡͷȻһϲ̲衣
ϲһǱߵĳ̰غЦһ͵͵ĸдԵɤɫ΢΢̡
̰غЦ꣬˵绰һɻˣ˸ء




һʮ  ҹ
 

裬˵ʲô̲ѽ˵˼ҶҪӴ
ڴϷȥĺһ˵СӵĶ
ལˣɲáһһ£Ц
Сһȴܣ´һ̵ܹס
ҲҲܣҾȴ̲ˡཱུ۾ģ̲衣
ǡ㶼ϴҲϴˣҪ¥ȥ𣿡¥¾һ̲꣬Ĵ̲ĺúȡ
ȥȥ˭ȹҵġߣ˵ĻͲ̲衣
úúãû취һΣֻ׼ȥ·
˭֪ûʼˡ
ôˣ˭һ£ôˣŵˡ
ȥһͷİο
ԴһǱЩ˶ڼʱཾͺУʶ¡
ཱུͷȴҲ粽ĸźһŵʱȻ˿ʮûĳ̰غա
㡭һɴ۾ڲӦڼ
̲衣̰غսе̲ݸղź绰Ļʱ¥µ̲ꡣ
ེۣ̲̲˷ܵĽӹСȱ̲ȥɳϡ
һҲ࿪±˿
ôˣôˡҹҲһôи׼
ɢɢģСߵġ̰غûиרŹġ
ɡһЦЦ̲裬Ҳõˮˣ˸պÿһ̲衣
㻹ðɣһҲû뵽ѩȻô
ûʲô͵Ÿ١һ굽ͷûʲôڣλܺúϢϢ
Ǿͺãô죿ܲȥɣ
Ȱһʱ䣬Ҳżһ㶼ż壬ûʲôżġ
Ļˣһԥһ£ʳڣ̰غӦò˰ɡ
ûǶй
ֻһʣ㲻Ҫ⡣һЩΣ̰غһĻشֲеĴ
Ǹ˵𣿡̧Сɻʵ
ţûô¡̰غյͷཱུͷ
ཷ˸ۣ:ߣΪĸԸģǿڴ̲ϵġ
СһﻹһİΪʮṵ̂غգ˼̫
š̰غյǲգʱĳԸͺ幻еĽܷΧڡ
ô죿һܾû򵥣ѩڵ·ǰѾһóбڰ
ǰôȫֲú΢巻ôζ죬ε飬ȷʵʶ˺ζ
Ҳô죬õġ̰غ΢΢𴽽ǣܿģ
Ȼô˵ⰵѷ㻹СΪá
һһģҪǻԲֺ˵ѩҲסּңȥҲÿһζҵõ
˵ѩסּңĸҲû취ҲôҴ/Ǻͺζ쾭һ𣿡
һٴοڣ֪һγ̰غ/ѩ᲻ֳҵĹϵΡ
ӦãҺּҴкǡĬˡ
̰غսͣҲһԵľ/ѩģкּҴк
һͷһûһĺ죬ڣ˯ˣҹҲˣһ¥
һ
̰غսǰĺһͷûע⣬һͷײĻ
һ৵һ£Ѹٺææ˳˭֪ͷȴĳϡ
㡭һżԼͷֶЩ΢΢
𶯡̰غյͳɤħһ㣬һĲˡ
һодְסͷڻһֻڽͷ
̰غս촩úǰĲһпģɫ鲼ҲУȥʡ
ҡһɫ̣ϵζܺš
ˡ֪˶ã̰غڡ
һһԴȴָ뿪Ļ
ǡ̰غЦ:Ҫã
ǲ⣬ߵҪҵضȥˡ
ҡһææ˳ȴԼǻԣһˣ˶ˤ
̰غɫһֽϸ鿴ûˡ
㡭̰غͻȻЩ̲סЦôôǸС
㣬ЦΪһЩż̫ˡ
Ц̰غŴţһӾѿˡ
ҡҾûע⡣ƽʱġ
š֪ƽʱ
죡һһżסĴĴĴеʱ˶ˣĿԣ˵




һʮ  
 

̰غնЩԣЩһ仰˵
һһƬհףҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôֻʶЩԶȥҪš
˼ϴúһԴ˲ѹ
һƿ̰غգ˼Щҡ
ûϢͱɫ/ջסˡ˵̰غĺÿ
һŮӣҲò䡣̰غյֺÿȻ־òʵ
û¡̰غЩʧ䣬ôôͷӦˣ
šһͷεЦЦ:лл̲裬УȥʱСĵ㣬·עⰲȫ
̰غЦͷһġ
߹ܶҹ·ÿһζ·ޱȵĹ¼šŴľɫÿÿӦںҹǰ졣
ҹʱȻ¼ţȴҲΪֻҹ·ߣȻûһ뵽ģͻȻҲůɫĵƹڵԼ
ϣѾʮˣԼȴûĹ¼š
ķ磬ˬˣ˻ᶣעⰲȫ
˶ãӦܵģӦʲôµġ
ѾˣҲǸͨˣͨҲûʲô
صҵĳ̰غգķ䣬ͻȻúһů
ֻһڷȥ˯ţڵĶǽϷĻ档
ԽԽȴֹסã޷˯
ҵˣһһֻ˳̰غյϢ
ţȻ˯ţһǵ
һϢ̰غЦһֻźãȥҲ˯ž
飡ٵѺһ˯оѡһŰ˵㣬˭ĩĲϢţ
ٶȻ·֮󣬺һţֺĶͷϻϸϸܵĺ顣
ôϵĹʲô𣿡ྲྀû˯ء
ʰöཽѣߡֺͣȥһЩʰá
ȥʰ·ֺɫżǷʲô¡
㻹ûиҵ׷ʲôˡһס֪ɡ
ԼֺεĽֻ򿪡ݸһһɻĽӹٲȻͳ̰غ¥µƬ
ģЩƬ˹ҲͬĽǶֽǡ
㣬Щ˲㣬ԸϽ߰ɡ
ٲЩ߾Ҫʱ¥һȺˣƻҪһεĺƴ
ߵĶȥļңѵҪҲ
ȥҼҡҲֻˣȻطȫֻЩߵıŶġ
ҡ
󣬺һֺĻææĽལ뿪Լļҡ
Ǻ֣϶Ѿôˣô˶ļҡ
Ѳ˵ʱһֱ˸
ٵ˲㣬ǰغա
ֺһˮݸһ߰ο
⻰ʲô˼Ϊʲô̰غջᱻ˸٣
з磬ҳڲҲв˶ĶԼҲһһεڵĳ̰غվһӡ
ֺһ£ֶ˶:ʱ䲻ҪκεϵҲҪˣȱȫԼ˵
һܼʱӦӹԢߣһοɾûôˡ
ֺѾеĹȥѹȻˣ»ȶȵġ
һͳ̰غգЩ˶˵ǸԳ죬˵һʲôĻ˵ˡ
ںܶҰɡһЦˣҪ˶Ůˡ
㲻żܿͻ壬ЩƬǽǶȵѣСмصġѾسˡʱһ˼ӹٷȥ
ֺѾ뾡һа취Ժһ˺ǿ̰غǱߵĶˡ
㲻Ϊʲôһ𣿡һֺ֣̫
ҺֻǼٵ£ǸиԵĿռ䡣㲻˵Ҳǿ㣬ĳ̶ֳ˵ǸԵɵģһһˣҲףǡ
ͳ̰غԼȻ֪һʮа˾Żƫ̰غաֻΪԼȡһѡһ˵ĵĻᡣ
ͻȻġ
㲻ϲ𣿡ֺЦŷ:ϲһǲزסģҵĸоҲǲһģֻԼûֶѡ
µֺѾͨˣһͳ̰غǻ˼ģûбҪƭԼ
ҡһͷ֪ôشֺ
Գ̰غգӴѧʱڿʼһֱϲŴû




һʮ  ᶨ
 

ˣǿԼȥϢɡô͹ȥţ˵ôõĻһŻ۰ɡ
һ̧ͷֺվֱססˣãסļ
лл㣬СĶԲ𡣡⣬Լô顣
ʵ˵Բּҡֺıһ˵
ûн̺ѩݱ㣬Ҫ˵Բ𡣡
ڣǻûѩͺζΪ
˵ѩָֺĸôҵĵأ
ڵڳϵĸ߼ƵĴ
ζһ߿Žıֽ⿴״
ȻһˣǴϵģ
ѩƵ˵ţ𽥺ǰͳ̰غһʱôûô
ԣ˵Ϊôʲô˼㶼ΪţΪ㿼ǹ𣿡
ζתһ飬±ֽ۵Ŀѩ
ѩôãȲϺһû㣬ּҺѡѩԺ˵ӵʱȴٯٯֵ𣿡
ζһһպѩֻҪѩȫǳ̰غգܷſֽȥҪ顣
˵ˣѩɫԱߵĿȱˤڵϡ
Ҿ˵Ҳ㣡ʲôΪںһŮ⣬Ǻΰ󰡣
ζһ߹۲ı飬һ߼˵֪ʱ쵽ˡ
ǰΪʲôҪôңҺҺ磬ȥҡ
ζһ촽ṴͶˡ
ûãѩͨý巢Լ˳̰غպӵϢҸӼ档
һʱ֮䣬̰غպͺһѩٴվڷ˼ǰ档
ϵĹɼۼֵͣˮ˺üʮڣһƬҡ
̰غҲùүү̼ҽԺЩϹɶҲṵ̂غѹ
ۿҪסˣ̰غų档
ĶѩСʼͺһСʲôϵ
Իشһǵ𣿡
̰غգȺУ˽һƿȪˮų̰غӹ̰غɫһ֣׵Ľס
Ⱥ˲䰲һ̾߶ź˼
һһǾ仰ûѩҲ֪ĺǿ¡ĻǱ˵ġڶ˵ҶԺһкøУҸĹϵĿǰǺѡ
̰غճ侲Ŀڣѩѩôܻĺӣ
ˮӼʾDNAƥΪ̰غհٷ֮ʮŵţǲǿ˵˵滰
ߵԶôϬǲŹκһܹΪѳ̰غյĻᡣ
ҵDNA̰غռЩ˵ϵĶװε
⡭ȷʵЩסˣȷʵǱȥȻ˭ѱ֤DNA׼ȷԡ
ֻӦһΣ໹ûг֮ǰý壬ҥԣ뿼ǺãǷܳе𡣡
˵̰꣬غմ뿪ڣҲûһ˸סȥ·
ĸЩЩۣĸĴѩһ
֣ٿһŷɡֳּܲһ²ؼ߸߹ģɡ
Ϊ̰غ˵ָ֪ʲôʵ
ѩôˡԼͣǾͰͣɡ
ĸס֣ۿ
ľˣǾɡָҲ֪Ѿƫ̻ѩ򣬽ּҲܳصĺ
ּұϾҲǴ壬ϣٿ˼߻ᡣ
Ҷ֪ҽΪʲô
ĸ̨µˣһ
ҼҺӷĴҲеغ⺢ȷʵ޹ҪǸίˡ
ĸĻһ̨µļ߾ը˹ʲôԳ
ַˣ⻰ʲô˼Ƚһ𣿡
ǰַˣʲô˼
԰꣬һᶼǽĸ˵ţѩĲų
ѩûлУֻˣľ⡣˵ĻܶʱûпŶȣǲңȥԺԺһĻʿѩǲ11ǰո١
ĸһҲȻۿǺģҲ͵ú
һҶӵĻҪһǺܿĵġȷʵϲһɺǵĸҲһͺʵҲǱβһġ
ΣôƵģ




һʮ  ׳
 

ΪŮĹһ˲ٵˮּҶԲΪ˲ܵ˺Ƕƣһˡ
ĸ˺ܾãվǰҲ˵
óһԼҶûָ飬ĸĻһЩ
鳡ضһƬĸҲڵȣʣ⡣
̨µЩ˲֪ʲôһ֮ĸֺһǵ⡣
Щ˶Ӧ֮ԣĸȥ˲٣ָҲòĶȥȻûбĸϬҲ۵ùǺ
֪᲻ҡ׳֮Ĺϵ£ûкֺ
ָתͷסģοǸµĺӣһʼҲ׵ġ˭пֺܻҲᣬֲһˡ
šĸһ۳ҹͻȻЩˣѩô죿Բ˵ĸòġ
ָҲֻǳ̾һ֪˵ʲôźáȥҿܲܰ˴
ָû˵ֺȷʵǻǺܿҲһʮΪʲôָĸ
ϣΪ˲ñٴᣬһͻȥһҲ˼鷳ʱѾ˼ˡ
һĶԲܵ˺һ뿪ǰĸ֣۾ͨ졣
ѩ֪˺ܶԲ飬һԭΪһĸףĸѾΪѩ̫ࡣ
ҡһԥһ£֪ôشһԩͷծģ֪ĸãҲ֪ĸף˵׾ԭѩҲܡ
֪Ҳ֪е֡
裬˵ˣһ߰ɡֺԼĸ׵Ļֻ⻹ǲҪټȽϺã˼һȥԭ£ҲǺåΪ
·Сġ
ཻ̣ġཱུԸͺһȻϲѩҲϲĸ
ôһ˵ĸ˲䶼ҪڻˣôͲأôɰô¡
ڵѩԼòۡ˲䱻߽⣬Ǹ˻ĸףɫࡣ
ζҲ˵ҪǱ˺ǶŸҲˣǸƫƫĸǸпδĸˡ
裬ôô˵ң˶Ǹӣǲ ѩסȥʰҪȥʿĸʲô
ѩʱ򣬼˶һչЩסҰǣѩʱ򶼲֪Ӧѩ
˭֪úõһʵôӵģǰģļ֪ͥ㣬Ҳûа취˵˼ʲô
ĶڵѩöѾԼĸˡ
¥ϡѩ̬ôãЩҲ˵ʲôʲôشʲôˡ
ѩ̳ȥһҪǴܵӡ¥ϵĿʵֺ¥µֻûѡ
ǾûлҪ˵ȥѩһƨɳϣȣȻ
ѩϴɣˣ԰ͳѧϰƣ㲻һֱȥŷǾȥŷְȥ
ָڣȷʵ̫٣ûüúý̽ô
Σѩ붼һڷʱǼֱΣǲǾҺּܸҶˣƾʲôý˵ûлУ
ѩվָĸıӴ˵Ͳ裡㲻Ҳˣ㻹һ̭ǲǣ˶˵ǸӣǸŮƭӣ𣿡
ĸ𾪣ԭǲģԭѩĸ׵ľȻ˵Ĳ
ѩעִ磡ָɫ࣬ѩôֶǱȽƫģǣĸԲأֻΪ˵ĵ
עִ磿ôעִ磿֣㿴ڣǺģѩЦЦڶҳˡ
ָվѩʶˣָ֣һơ
ֺ֣һȥѩɡ
ңѩɴ۾ŵĿָȻңΪҲ˵𣿡
ΪǺøԼжƫ磿㻹ҪҺͰغնףȡԼ˵޸˭ͼ޸˭ǲǣôϲغգ㶼Ϊȡһ£㡭
죡ָǳ⣬ɫࡣ




һʮ  
 

ΪܷΪ˶Բ㣬ζ𣿡
ָһѽɳϣĸȥοô
Сүү̵ĳ谮ǶΣôҲʰôε̯ӡʣĵԲ㣿
ָûΪԼһøףûпѩ㡣
ҪʲôʲôҲ˵ĵһøףҲûпѩҲѩ˵
ĶԲҡѩһ߿ţһ߽к
ÿһ˶۸ңϲ̰غգǺһȲԵģǶǶΪ˵
˵˵ȥ⻹ѩĵط⻹ȥĵ
Ϊ˵дȣǻȥ
ָŭЦôĳĺӣʲôǵĴʲôǱ˵ĴԼһûУ
ҡ
ˣѩ˵ˣ裬ְֻطϢһ¡
ֺ̲סһѽѩסһ
׼뿪Ҫ¥ҲˣҾţ
ǲٳȥͺζһ𣬺ζʲôɫ֪
֮ǰһҲΪһƬϣڣζ쾹Ȼѩһ飬ôܻһ
ΪҲѩ˵ţһֺ̨ȥ
һ룬һżѩ¥µӾ
ֺʧɫȥӾ
ңǶǺˣѩûʲôˣӾصˮҲǳѧˮģֻҪôˡ
˰˰¥ϣָĽкֺȷѩ֮󣬼æȥ
죬ȥҽԺ찡ָΪѩһĸԭͲõ͸Ѫѹͷˡ
ֺҲ֪жż̽ĸ¥ȥҽԺ
ѩô£ԡӵʱź˵ʲô
С㣬ҲҪͷˣûв͸ǽҲΪá㿴ոô嶯˵Ĳˡ㰡úðԼҪ鷳ˡ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôŮѩĻǾҪȵġ
ǡѩЦ:á
ĿúܣȥȫǶʮŮӡ
С㡭㡭ͻȻЩµĿ
ҲҸ˵ѩͷս:ҿ񾭲ɱ˲ġ
ǰŵɫҰףӲԭظҶ
ѩ⿴飬Ц¥
ָֺѾȥҽԺҲҺֻ̫бǲŸ
ҽôˣֺ۾ﲼѪ˿һ϶û˭ˡ
ǺܺãѾ⣬ܵľšǷģڲΣգԺͲܱ֤ˡ
ҽȥҲƣһϵʵ۵ĹǺ
ֺͷһʿĸת˹ʱ仹ȥ̽Ҫ֤ĸϢ
ҲãÿȥϢָҪôġ
ˣȻֺĶᣬǾָ
ţתȥˡֺͷе͸
ǻŸϽȥ衣ָææҪ´
֣żʿ˵ˣΪ˱֤ϢСʱŸȥ̽
ȻһȥˣһôңҲĸһҪôá
ȳԶҲϢһ£ȥ·Ҿţ£һаְء
ָͷļֺͷ
á
Ҹʱһ˵ѩָɫͱ
ָֺ֪һˡ
ȥ·ϣֺջ˾ȥ˽·
һŵʱֺһԲһѱס
ôˣһĲԾҲûƿ
ֺ˵һҲ׹˿ռ䣬ûб
ǶȺȡСһҪȥӣҪȥѧǰˡ
лл㡣ֺǱȵĶůޡ
û˯ҿ״̬Ǻܺá۾ôѪ˿ģǰֺġ
ţסԺˡֺͷղžǲؼңΪѩڡ
֪Ҫôȥѩû衣
סԺˣʱúõİһЩԾ鲻ã忴ȥܽ
ѩֺͷһڶ˵




һʮ ܾ
 

ôˣһһϣһѩѾҽԺˣһ
¥ֺҡҡͷԣԵһҶΪ

Ӿˣģû£Ϊ˺Ƕֺ͵̧ͷۿˡ
ͷԼѹ:ôá
ûȥһۣ˵ͺһ㣬ڼﳪ衣
ֺѾ֪Ҫô˵ǲ֪ô˵ҲǸҲǿ뾡һа취ȥ
ֻлŵ塣˵ֺˣһŶۣôһ˵ĳ֣Ƕ฻õļͥ˿Ĳɡ
ڡ
ڼְ˵ĶȥǡֺЦҡҡͷܹסѩ
̫˽ѩˣСһܹصסģСһȰģ
ڴô죿һͻȻôõһˣôˣ
Ҳ֪ҸĸڣûġҲ̫šָĸΨһȫȨĶ
㡭ֻҵĽѣҪ֮òо͵û˵ɡ
һ뵽һӣҲֻǽ飬ֺܣҲˡ
а취ֺ۾
ְͣײ̫ܺŹҹԺʲô飬ܱס̫šȻô˵ЩʵûǮûеλʲôС
ҲЩڹĵûǮûеλԼ뱣˶ˡ
Ѿʱְͣˡֺ΢㶣̽ͣԴչ֮󲻾ãѩûôȥ˾
Ϻô飬ֱӱְͣˡ
ǣ˵Ҫ̫һϵûУŶ̫ûʲôֱӰ졣ڶ㲻̫ܶͣĿûǮʲô粽С
ҪסһĴСʵܼ򵥣ǿܲܺѡ
˼ǡ⡭һָ˼ѩŮ
ţɡֺЩ⣬ָһ䣬ָͬˡ
ҪͣĿҪͣĿĻʱӳȥ᲻ʲôΣգ
ͣˣȥʱһҪǻҪܳȥĻҪǳʲô飬Ҿ͵ûйŮ
Ҳʵܲˣİӣһ٣ٶıһֱ۰Ůңûٰȥˡ
áֺҧҧͷһۻ˯ĸҽ˼ǣԵĻҪһʲôȽϺá
ǸзյģǸ֪ô
ȥɣﲻģ˿ѩҪɵ£һУ˵
˵ףָ۰ѩģֻҪܸĹ֮ǰһҲԼ̡
ֺشһͷĻȥˡ
ѩָ֪ľٲһڣǣҲûа취ֺѾֶüںŮӶȥˡ
ֺ֪ǱѾɲ٣һҲһ
Ҳʱ˼˵ȥĸô˵ྲּּྀܵҵչ˵ġ
ˣǰ棬ͻȻתܻסһ
һĿȥ㿴˳̰غյĳڴӳ
ôˣڿ죬ྲྀǼϳˡ
ԣིŻỹûˣĳͽ
Ҫȥ̣ȥ
ţһɵĿҲܲµõ
߰ɣҲҪȥллġϾĸҲΪΧˣҲǾ˳ϵĹƱһȻ֪Ҫˮʲô
ҲҪС˵Ҫôǳ̰غֻܵˡ
Ըȥ𣿡̰غն
һ뵽Сѿ
ĩȥҽԺߣ׳ߡ
̰غռƵ˵һߣŵˣһ͵ҡͷ
߿ɲнеģʲôʱ߶ģѾֹһ汻ò֪һ˫ЬӣߣӰ
ҿԴིǲҪױ
Ŷ87·Сʱ̰غĿϣһ³
ĻֻҪСʱ;㻹ġ
ôദ̰غ̫˽СһˣҪ˵Ҳ̫Щ
㡭Сһṵ̈غüҲ




һʮ  /
 

ԡ̰غһС
ңСһ죬һѽĿ
ҵĳʽ̰غҲǲ˵
ֲɵȻĳȥེһСƵı֣̰غմ򿪳ţᳵ·ϳڳ̰غרΪ׼Ķͯϡ
鷳ˣǲ˼һЦЦǲ˼Ǻϲ鷳ô֪ҪȥҽԺ
鷳Ҳ˳·̰غ΢΢ϳ
ǰ棬Ҫ棡СһͻȻͷ
һЩΣ̰غյû˵ʲôúһ˺档
һ·ϣСһﶼǷһֻҪһͶǣúһ˼ٺͳ̰غ˵
ãȥɡֺȰȰѩĸǺܹѩġ
Ҫȥһ۵Ļ˵Կ²ܣҲԺһ㡣
ǣŶӴ֣ҸҪȥǲôôҪҽʲô飿
ѩЦڴֻͷ
ʲôôֺ̾һѩҲ뿴ġ
ǲĺôǲҾͿˣô򵥡
ѩǸӣֺɫָֺĸĵ֮һ
ҪȥĻְ˵ȥ
ѩһ۾ȥԳȥ԰Գȥ
ãȥѩһ£ֺΪͨˣοЦЦ
㻻·һһȥ˵ֺ꣬ȥŴϣ·
ѩֺȥҽԺʱǡҲǺһǵ˲õʱ
һţ̰غյѩǼżһ˹ȥ
غգ֪𣿡ѩ˹ȥҪס̰غһվںһԱߡ
㡭ѩЦݽסˣһͳ̰غվһɫ
ѩָ֡˳ӣ߹ȥֺʵ
ôˣصѩôˣôԸˣ
˵˵ġֻû뵽ôɣһͳ̰غվȻһ
㿴ָͷпڣҲ˵
ѩڴϵĸѩ֣ѩȴ޷Ӧ
ѩءֱֺ
ôˣô䣬ҪҪҽ
𣿡ѩͻȻһ˦ָֺ֣ǣɺ۾
ҹʵҹǵɣ
̰غպͺһжãֶôѿ
ǣôô룿ֺüǰȥһס
ǣǱסˣѩɲϱ졣
ôָźһк
/ˣô˵ѿôǶôãЦ
ѩ䲻ȶкҲŵһˡ
ˡ̰غճ:߾ˡ
֪ΪΣʮѩָѩıӴ
ǣǣѩ۾ɵøˣȥͺ;ԺĲ˷ʱһ
ҽֺ̲ס塣
ܿ죬ҽ˹
⡭ѩҽ̷Ӧ
ʿ򶨼ҽȻóô£תͷ
ҲҪſңѩһѣֺ
ץסҽۼֿ죬һѽסһֽӹʿе򾲼˵İ¸򾲼
⡭ҽһӵˣЩΪѡ
Ժ񲡻߻ǲҪˣҽԺǾԺҲкܶҪĲˣ鷳¡
ѩȻѾɸղŻˡ
˼ǱǸֻǼԶѡ
ղŻģͻȻˡ
ЪҲУ˭֤ʲôʱ;Ժȥɡ
Ȼ˵Щ飬Ϊ˴ҺãΪҽǵȰȰ
ãǻῼǡֺͷǸղſһͳ̰غһѩ/˰ɡ
裬Ҳˡ
⣬ཽסһղѩӣıŻˡ
ոҪǺöڣҾò˼ĻҲҪſˡ
ССſںһؿڣѩЪ˹ӣĺܿ¡
ţԲԺ󲻻ܵľˡһҲò˼Ӧԭ򣬴̼ѩˡ
裬Ƿ𣿡




һʮȥĶ
 

ꡣһסͣ˵ȥ
ལСӲҪ˵˵顣һ˼˶಻á
ǸҽҲ˵⣬裬ͻȻ֪ô˵ȥľѩǸһģǺ費ϲô˵
˵ĲǲǿʲôҪ˵Ҫ˵ҲҪؼҵʱ͵͵˵֪𣿡
һƭལѩȷʵǾ⣬ûҪ˵
ǡðɣȥ˵Ҳͷ˵Ͳ˵
˵Ļ𣿡̰غմ۾ԵЦ⡣
ʲôʱģո˵ĻǲǶˣ
û˵̰غսͣûһ㶼ûС
ھͻȥ𣿡һվǣཱུС֡
ţҽ˵ҪúϢ졭Ҳ۵ĹǺ
áһͷཽȥǸ
úǻȥɣܱǸҲǼЦˡ
ڲϵĸóѾܺƣˡ飬ȷʵԽܡ
ãǻȥ̰غյĿڣܾĸĺ⡣
Сղǲ˳·𣿡ĸһֹֺתͷ
˳·סžӡͺͺһڵļҸһ
ţ㲻ڳǱ𣿡һҲ֣ôôžӣ
һǰȥġ̰غտڻش
ĻһڣּǱ߱û˵ʲôһǰǾѩƤҲҪסǶʱ䡣
󣬵Ȼǳ̰غȥཻûһ̲衣
Ժȥּ߶̰غտźһ֪˵һ⡣
Ϊʲôһ̫ףּҶͦõģһҲΪּҰôࡣ
ǺȥģѩͷȥˡҲա
̰غʵڲԸÿһζѩô˵ָű
ôһ˵һͷҲǣÿһȥѩڣ򶼻һҡ
Ժȥɡһ̧ͷЦŻش
ǣߣͬһͳ̰غգ°̰ͣغա
㲻棬ǲʲô£
Ϊʲôȥûȥи鷳
Ŷܸʲô£̰غնƽӡ
ֻСһĸϣСһﱻֱƽӶţЩȻĽͷŤһߡ
òСһߺģСһ䡣
òôǳ
ԲֻˣֻĻ̫ȺһÿŮˡ
ҲйٵŮǣò绨Ҳһģ޶ԣһֱ˲²ⲻ
˵в˵ģҿŮҲǿĸÿϲĸģ
üͬķǿ˭ÿϲúÿС
ŶϲСﶼǳúÿģ
ǵȻˣѧǰÿǸСŮҾͺϲ۾úÿЦÿɰ
һ뵽ԼϲССһ˲ȡ
˵̰غ̧ͷڴ㵵ĺһһۡ
㿴ϲĹˡ
벻Сôɰһ£Ͱʲô鶼˵ˡ
ϲСˣѧУòһҲ˺ܶࡣ
ҡǹģôǺ÷Ŷˣ˵ˣߣ
˵꣬¥Сͨ졣
ȫ˰ɡ̰غջعҪҽǶʱ䣬ɳƺܶࡣ
ţܺллѼҽʦܹ
ȻһԼ֪Ӧôźãܺ˵ûкúлء
ãͦϲཡʲôĸԸģңҲܿġ
ȻһһԷɡһﻹеⲻȥ
ã㶨ʱ䣿
ˣ㶨ʱɣȻĻҿҪóʱ䡣Ͷòʱ䣬ȻĻҶû
һҡҡͷɡ
Ҳãǡ̰غ̧ͷһļҡ
ȥȱ𣿡¥ˣô˺ôĸġ
ðãһ΢Ҫһͷɣ˶Ҳһ㡣
΢巹ʲôæ̸˵
԰˵ģֲǲ֪־յġ
ѣһҲúܿģöЩɫʡ
Լܰɣ΢ôԼ
Ҫpartyģһг³ӦҽӦҲҲˣ֪
һʵش𣬳̰غһ£ͷЩģ˵û




һʮһ㲻Ҳ
 

ҲҪȥһֺҲûܵеĳ̰غղˣЩƵ˵
һһ:ðҪǲûȥĻھͿȥˡ
һ̧һʱ䣬ѾĵӣһӦ͵ˡ
š̰غյЩơ̧һϺһļҡ
һ֪ôͻȻͲģողǻͦõ𣿶ҪʵڲȥĻҲǿȥ
صҵĺһʼེһװμڼ䣬̰غյҲаæһΪʲôͻȻĵģһֱûҵᡣ
Сۻᣬ˱ӦǼˣһ幣
ֳôٵأôҲһ广ȥҲôĿģһֲֻʱġ
С󣬺þò֣һѱסվڵһ΢΢㵣촽˵
һһ߹ȥ
Ůܲ׵ģһͱס˼ңɺͳ
һǴȤ˵ţһ߿ڵϡ
Ǿǣ˼ҵͳǲƤ
ܿ죬΢ҲӦҲ̽ӹ
ͺһͬԴҾԴѽ
幻ҪĴչȥȴƿ
㣡ҺŲǣԴҲһ
һԣô˵һࡣ
һһ˭ͣЩƵĿȥЩмСĲмϤˣǸġ
һСѽһŹֽһ
ǺʦǳԳԺζģôûʱĹʱȦ
Ϊ˲ѿһľˣҪչ˺幵ҪչһģģһͲĵġ
ʲôԺζģǽʱ֡ҲǸһӵģȻ˵ǺϲǸһļһ֪Ϊʲôǲϲ֮ɡ
ǣǼʱ֣˰ɡɣҵóԳԸúȺȣСѵҪʱ֣
һЦǽҪտúһһ̨ģ죬һЩֲʱ滹ͦġ
ұô°ǵ𣿡һ϶رĵӣ΢̲סˣһķúѯһ
ûаҶ֪ΪʲôͻȻˡҲһ硣
ʲôʱģ΢巻ͦ⣬μϡŹֵĻġ
ȥҽԺֲĸһģи˵ǽоۻˡ
ҲΪˣһҲ̰غĵġ
ôһ˵Ҿͱ绹ֵͦģѽˣ˵˲˵ˡ
΢벻ͨڰ֣ٷ⡣
ˣҽҲ˵¶΢źһ
ʲô飿
Ҹ˵Ҫ㸺ǸĿΪһκζһǼЩͷ˵ʲôҪȥµĺߣҾ͸ұˡ
黹ǵúͺһ˵һ˵ϾʱҪǱߵĺ߶Ҳܶࡣ
˼˵ŸƷǳŻгϵĺƷƣ
Ҳ̫תתôǵúͳϳϹϵ
ǰҾҲͦԲģҪͳϺĻȥ˸㻻Ŀ
΢ЩΪ飬Ͼʱûкͺһ˵һ
һһ£ҡҡͷܾĺ⡣
ˣҲġ΢Ѿôˣô˼飿ǹúøɾˡ
ã仰Ҿͷˡ΢һĿϲĻɺһʦ
ϲи飬¶ȵƷ
ҹʮһˣ˲иظҵ뷨
Ⱦƺȵһˣ˵Ҫȥſһϣµľܾ
ҲҪңһ˵·ûеģңַ֣
ЩĵĿɰҲܡ뺷
ȥͿˡһǳЦᱧסźۼĺͺʾȨ
Ǻ˵ôһˣܰѳֵס
ЦҲԼмＸ
ۣеˣ˼һǺֱģ˼̫ˣ
΢֣һº幣ûϹʲô֣
ҲֱһζʲôˣҪǲֱĻͱҳԹˣͷӶʣ




һʮ  㲻
 

úúãֱֱˣ´ˣһ͵Ȼȥɡ
΢巷幣ǳԴʲôҩ
ǣʲô˼˵ңȥ
干µûţῴһ͵ôܵӡ
ڻһϣһϣ龰һϲµģʵ˾ܡ
˼ǺѰ˵ˣסýͱˣòã΢巺ĵĺ
Һ͵󡭡
óµģԭζһûѹһϵĵ־͸˺һơ
һƣˣΪڴ幵β
İźԽԽʵɫԱߵŵһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ӦЦǵû
㡭ո˯һ۾һ˵
ȥɡһҲͻһ¸Ūˣ֪Щû뵽ôĲ
һһҪͣȻ÷ŶҰȥһ߽Ͳᳳˡ
Ժģָź幣һЦĿһ
һЦãͣǲͣ
˯ɣ˵ˡ΢ȥĵصͷӺ˿ǲ´
ٺ٣΢ģ꣬һ˯˵ţǿһ˯ȥˡ
΢巺⡭Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ȥɡһεĳ˵ֿһ
ллˡ
л·עⰲȫһЦЦڰ֣ôһ͵ͦġ
Ҹһȥԭվ˰죬ų˵
һҲûܾ˾˯ĵȥˡ
ҺӦҲȻȥˣҺ˵Ҫǻʹ绰ңԿıҲԴ绰ҡ
΢巿һֱҲǻȥʱˡ
áһͷûʲôرĻǲıġ
΢֮Ҳʣ³³ͳ̰غաֺûҲǣǼô˵£Ķʱ
һҰɡ³ȴⰲķΧ
³ҪȥһΪأһ³ҪߣСЩ
ɲУཹԣĩٹȥ档
³ͷһСֳ˵ˡ
С֣³Цź
ĩڼҵˡô棬ུϲ³ͺ幵İɣܺġ
Сһ֮󣬺һͳ³ȥһ·ϣ˻Ǻ֮ǰš
һǾҪͳ̰غһ𣿡³һۺһŵĵƣߵĺܽ
ţΪʲôô˵û뷨˳Ȼˡ
ߵĺܽΪǾˡôһֺ̫ˣҪһûкһЩƽɡ
ǰ˼˵Ӧú˭һ𣿡һЦŷʵ
ܰɣܶôãԺҲܹúһ㡣
ʲô鶼һ˵ţֺ˶֪ģ̫ˡ
ǣпּܽѩΪҲŻģּôңһΡ
һ㣬Ͳֺܺһ𡣲ѩôּҵŮּҲôǻƫġ
ָĸһʼͺϲֺһ𣬿ɷô֮أӦò˰ɡ
ҡ³Ҳ֪ô˵̫ˣʱ˰ͿԲܲ˵ġ
ҵͲˡȲһԼ并ŮӿԲСˣ㻹Ҫϵʲôʱ򣿡
³һЩĵ
ǰɣڼﱻŴţֱߣ̫ˡ
һŵӶֱЦò׵ȵЦͣˣߡ
԰ͿɣҪ˵Ļᣬˣȥɣ·עⰲȫһ㡣
ӦҲҪֺһЩ飬̫ɡ
ãˣ³ͷ뿪һߡ
ų³ĳ뿪ȵʱת
㡭һתͿӦཱུĳ̰غգ֪ʲôʱվ
ҲҪȥ𣿡һһҲ֪Ҫô˵һûô˵Ҫ˶ܷ࣬Χˡ
š̰غսͷ
ŶǣȥʱעⰲȫһεЦЦûΪʲôء
㲻ң




һʮ   û
 

ͣôͣڶ¥ˣôͣ͵ҲɣȾˣ
ȾѾԿ𣿡һ̽ȻҪôͣ͵Сſڣ
߰ɡ̰غջѡЭҪԼӦĻҪȵ£
ҲԣȥǱ߰ɡСмһСĻ԰кɻȻѾ죬Ϊúܿ죬ǺҶܶࡣ
ʱз紵Ļŵһĺ㡣
š̰غյͷǱߡ
ˣأû˯šһͻȻལ⺢ӣ浣ڼ͵Աʳ
ϴ˯ˡ˵ལ̰غͻȻڰϴʱһǲ׵ģ
ӦһӼġ
ţϴ裿һǲȥϴģ˸źˮҪ׼ϴҪȵţ̣ŻԹȥϴ衣
ţѾôˡҲһһȥҲҪʰһ¶ҪСһϴʲôģҲ̫ˡ
㡭Сϴ裿Ҳ̫˰ɣһ𾪵ģ˵ֺԸ£ԸʹȻ
ǳ̰غյĻһһۣһŽԡȻ̳
ţ̰غüǲ飬ֻҪ˶ѡ
Ҿе㾪ȣǺܵƤΪ㡣
ˣȻǰܶ£ǰҲ龫֣ô˵ġ
ͦɰġȻԹĻȥϴ裬ȥյġ
ҪҪƨüˡһЦӣõ
ˣҿһ㲻˵Բ˵ġ
һԥһôͻȻˣǵ
ţ˵̰غյͷԱߣĺ棬Ǻ
һÿ촩Ҳװȥᡣ
⸱ģһ·صǰһμʱ
Ǹʱոѧ˵һ꼶и˧䣬ϵӣʮȫܡ
ŻˣֱϣΪװʦĺһһοһֱŹٱֱվں̨ĳ̰غա
㲻𣿡һԹԵķ̰غڡ
ûУҪôڡһЩ̣ѾŮˣôô׷գ
ʲô̰غտһЩͳŵɤںһĶԲһ㣬ˡ
㡭ôˣһЩܲˣһ͵ʵ
̰غһһ£ԭĲԾ˰
ǲǵˣȻ˵ǡǺʱһ
һ͵֪ĲԾΪʲôͲˡ
ûĵģ̰غ̾һΪʲôѵǺԵ
һסʲô˼İôûģûĵĻôڵһʱͷĲԾ
治֪Ϊʲô𣿡ֵôԣһ㶼
ҡҲ֪Ϊʲôֻ֪ͻȻ䲻Ķѡ
һµҡҡͷĿ
ΪʲôһʼûнңͦģȥôЩ;ۻ
ǰΪ㲻ϲֻġȻʶˣ϶˵һġ
ҿȥϲ¶𣿡
˵ǲҲͱһôĻϲģ
Ҳǣ㻹ǲǵѧʱ򣬳ȤĻǴμӵģǰͬѧ˵ᶼȥ༶кſҲȥ
ҲΪˣӡ̰غϲ¶ܹ¶ˡ
ѧ㡭ѧʱʶˣ̰غüôһӡûС
һЩΣʶһʶ
ǣʱĻ磬ʹͳĻֶӣǸˮīġ
ԣĴ٣ǳ̰غǲǵˣҲμĻ
˵μţҲΪѧУǿƱҪټһżӵš
㡭̰غ𾪣ԭʶˣԭͼˣΪʲôһӡûС
ˣҺ˵һλΨһһΣᣬ㵯٣ȻķװҰ㴩ģȻһ֥ʿ̸Ǹҡ
ҲΪһŻע⵽Ȼôꡣ
֥ʿ̸ǡ̰غüŬĻ룬ˣȷʵôһ¡
Ǳ֥ʿ̸ѩģܾˣֲϲֶͰָ˰·ױǸŮӡ




һʮ  Һ
 

ҡǵ£Ҳǵʱû˭ͣͼǵǸ͵ŮӲô˵ܽš
ǸʱԲӰڲ
֥ʿ̸ǸҲΪ֪ܸ˭ֵݸ
ǸʱҾͦ͡ߵġҲǺ𽥻
˵ʶˣڽʶģ
̰غüԭʶˡ
ʶҲְɡö˶ʶֻʶ˶ѡ
Ҳǣѧȥþˡ̰غЦţתͷȥصĺҶ
ܹصǰһҪúʶһ
šӦò˰ɣһһϣ
ôС̰غշʣ֮ദģʽѾɺܶˡ
ûУҾ͵㲻ˣһоۻҾ֪ͨһ
һͦϲָоģǼһһ˵ʲô
һŸڣһҲ֪Լôģܵһ仰˵һֺرĸо
֮󣬼ÿһ죬һܼ̰غա
Ļ˵ֻǸŽֻҪæһ
ڶôˣߣɳϣźһϴѣһ²˵
ôһȥ·߻²ۣһС
ߣɫףǺͳ̰غһ𣬻ȥɢߣҡ
СһɳϣɫĿߺһ
ţһ·͵һ
ལÿ춼ȥģÿζ˵ҪҪľҪϷҪƬ֮ûʱҳȥɢ
ԩСһԼԸȥɢģҲûÿһ춼ͳ̰غһɢ
ʱԼһˣֻżŻѡ
ҡܣǲˡСһˣӡ
úúãǽȥ𣿡ɢǱڹеϰߡ
ཻ󣬿ˣͷ̫Ը⶯ˡ
ȥۣ˼컹ҪȥѧϻҪҪʲôȤ࣬ԺһҪȥȤ࣬衣
Сһеˮȥһѱס
㿴ôۣǲҪȥɢ˰ɡ
ţһֻúЦС˵Լͳ̰غȥɢ
㻹˵ҺͱȥɢеԵֲ裬ֲȥ
Сһͷһ£һҲ˵е
ǺðɣɣԺ˭һҲһ˯ֲҪҺһ𣬰ҪҪˣǲζסġ
ཱ֣̾һЦãԸ񵽵˭
ֻꣿһô˵ĳ̰غգҲЩССĲ˼顣
ţСһ龫ֵģҲ֪˭
һͷҲᵽ˵Щûȫ˵ʲô
ཱུĸסʲôӣཱུĸ˭ģ˵ĺӡ
ûʲôԸ񡣡һһϣ¶ˣҿķӦǿ
ûԸ񣿡̰غһ㶣ܣôܻûԸ
һȽ䵭ģཱུԸûô񡣡
һĿ㣬ϡŪȥ
һ˴ӣһ𣿻˵
ཱུ֪ĴڣˡһɿĻشͣ½Ų
ʣҪסˡ
á̰غһۣͷ
ȻϴӦ˺һʣصǸ΢巷˵绰
Ҫ⣿УԼǱҸʶ㶼֪飬ô֪Ȼֺ
΢ӦһûһĻشĶཱུ֪ĸ׵˭
ҾÿҲһûǷʲôծ
ʵ΢已ôǸ֮ıǷʲôծ
أ˱Ͼˣһء
ֺô֪̰غüΪʲôҪ
˵ɱ𲻸ˣ˼Һͺһô죬һչš˵ˣҪּҲཱུ֪ݣ̺ô״Ӧֺ׷һ𣿡
ּͥôںӣּҾôţҲܴӦúһţһΪ˵
֪ˡ̰غյͷ˵绰
΢˵ĻҲеҪҪֺ
̰غһ£ֺ绰
Ⱦ𣿡
ĶȻ̰غʱ绰ֺܸӡ
ʢġ˵˵ַ󣬳̰غչҵ绰׼




һʮ  Ӧ
 

ʢģ˳ƹľƹݣȥʢĵ˷ǸǮȨˣǮûеλˣ˼Ҷ
棬˵ض󣬾Ǹţٳ֮⣬Ҫ˼Ҳ˵صǵλֻΪеλ˷
ˣ㡣̰غȵģֺʱѾˡ
áֺЦЦ߽ȥ̰غ̧֣ʾһԼλá
Ҫȵʲô㡣Ҿưɻǳ̰غͶʵģȻϲֵľۻᣬҲͦϲһھưȾƵĸо
ɣһ㡣ֺҲ֪úʲôҲһ㣬ǶˣһѵҪûʸԼࡣ
á̰غյͷʾƱƱͷ˳˰ᡣ
ʲô𣿡ֺһھƣţų̰غջԵ޹ԼȾƣͲϳ
£ཱུ˭
̰غҲգֱӿʵ
ֺ²ۣˣⰡ
⣬ò֪ʲô˰ɣһҲûиȻô
˵𣿻˵㲻֪
̰غûôģҪľ顣
֪˭Ҳ˵ҴӦֻҪڣҲԲڸ߱ˡ
ֺһھƣ˵Ĳ˵Ҫǿԣһ̰߳غա
˵Ǹˣʶ𣿡̰غЩܣһֺԼܣôʲôûУ
ʶ㲻Ҫˣû㡣˵ģҲôһ㡣
˵ȥԳ̰غյĴҪ³
á̰غյͷһñ֪ǶʶˣΧ֮ڣҡ
ֺʲʲô̰غҲûôִŵȥңֻǽ͵͵¾ˡ
ϺǳƷƾŸ裬˫ʦԱһμӣ
ټĻЩƽʱǳڲʱӣƽʱﶼַǳָԶ˵
ǳŸŸʦǡ
΢֪ԷǱߵʦǴʲôһȷʵ˹Ŀʡ
ǳϮ𣿳ǱߵʦЩ߰ģʵԡ
ǳģǳţҲǲʦ
΢üһ۳̰غգõʾų˵ˡ
ǵĹḻΪʲôƣ
ǲĵطһһرĴڣҪĻǵʱĻ˭еΣ
ǳǣû֪˭ֻῴƷ˵Ǿίܣ˰ɡ
΢üЩˣǳ̰غոģͲǴ
ţǾίԲĿ̰غյͷϿϲǱ
ҲǣǾǺ棬ѡʲôЩṵ̆غգ˭֪ŭʲô
ˣҿҲĵҪǣɣʦǼǳҲḨҪʵڲϲǼҳһҲǺϲء
΢ƤЦⲻЦĳЦЦ˳һ۳̰غգôߵ˵ģ
ǲǣġֻǵģССġ
ˣ˵ˣǳǲǺɣǴҶԼƷΪƷʱ¿ʱҲķʽͬȼ۸£˭𣿡
΢巰ڰ֣ϲ˶˵ǳǰʵ˵
⡭
Ǿôˡ̰غյͷĽ
ɢ֮󣬺΢巸һҮı飬ϵò
𣿡һ֪ǵıЩĻǳŴ鷳
ʲôҺͳ̰غǸһȡĻᣬԣһҪúϧȡһˡ
Ʒƣһʼ;úһԼƵĵĻ˿϶
ԣΪܹúһԼƷĻᣬϳ̰غôһϷ
һǲ̫ףʲô˼
㲻֪һʼġҪǳԼƷƣһԼָƣ
΢已˼ЦЦҪ˵ǺμҵϼһͲˡ
лл㡣һҲ֪˵ʲôźãֲøղų̰غȫ̶Ĭǵʦô֣ԭΪú΢巳
лʲôʶǧĲ֣ԺгϢˣ˵ȥҲй⣬ӽ쿪ʼÿܶҪȥǱˡ




һʮ  ȥϰ
 

һҲ֪Ӧ˵ʲôÿȥ죬ҲΪĴȽϷϡ
ңǺͬԼȻȻǺ΢巹ģԲߺһġ
һҲ˵ʲôǵѾϣȥĶֻҪ˹飬Ͳ˵ʲô
硣ճСſڣ̰غվͳǰ
㡭ˣŰ˵ӣһʲô
첻Ҫȥ˳·ȥȻǷʾ䣬Ѿˣﻹܾܾ
һǰͿˣõ˾
ûкһǹ˾ȻڵǺпԺһ𣬿ڣû
ΪʲôΪʲôһȥ
ǡӰ첻̫áһһ˵ģ˺ˡ
΢巺ò׸ȡᣬúôҪ
һЦŽ̰ͣغᡣ
ðɣģҪʲôҪԴ绰ҡ
̰غյͷָĵصһͷӦò
ϵķΧǳŵķΧһ̫ŵķΧҲһ
ϸǳ̫Ľ壬˶УǳŵĽ죬̫Ÿٹ涨
ǺһʲôǰһѾʼ˽
ȿȡ֪ʲôʱ֣Щҳ
С㣬ߡ֣һͷ߹ȥ
ҽһ£ǳʦǣǿľǳǡʲôõ۵ĻԼɡ
Ҳ˵ЩѾôãӦ֪̰غյƢ
Щ˵Ȼ֪̰غյƢοһǳ̰غչ˵кøеŮˣǿɲǡ
ֺƿţ棬ѩţĿҲͷһۡ
ְҲıľġ
ֺ̾һã֪ʲôʱϵˡ
ѩ·ûֺĻǿŴ⣬һԲ
֪ίãЩϲЩǰϲ˾ͻԸԳġ
Ӧҵģѩݺݵһ:غմСҵģҺò׼ģò׵õүүϿɣǺһһΪ
ֱڣѩôΪڵΪһ
ɾ֣ʣ̰غĻȢ𣿾޸ֻҸӻ𣿡
ֺҡҡͷڣȢ˺һҲῪģһ
һҸûһҸѩնĻشǻҸ
ˣԼɣְֺˣԼڼҹһ㡣
ΪҽƵҪָֻܴĸȥơ
ҹһ㣿أЦ˵ԼŰɣһ㣬ôܣ
ֺû˵ţţڱķͼͥҽչ˺ʰ׼
ҳ𣿡ҵˣɲֺ̫ķ
ֺŶĺһЦЦû˵˵Ƹ
ҳԷɲǷ㡣
㣬ҪҪȥ졣ֺЦȻǷ㣬ķɻȲһԷˡ
ʲôʱȥҸͻһԾһ£ôû˵֮ǰֻ˵ְҪһʱ䡣
Ҳʱģڵ⣬ҲȥСԣȻȥڼҺúչһѩ
ѩԼһڼû
̺ͱڻҽڣܼҲڼңǲ⣬ǡԷһҪע㣬ڲ
֪ΪʲôֺﻹЩ̫ġȻһӵ˶ڼΧѩתɸղѩǸЦݣЩʲôɵ
İɣҲµġĵطǳϣҪôǳţѩˣҲһȥ
ţڳϻϰ𣿡˵ֺʼվöԲһ
һ̫ûܵ۸Ϊ뿪ʵΡ
㰡ͲòˣҺܺãչԼġҪȥĶ˸Ҵš
һҡҡͷںܺãʲôĶ˳ġ
ãһֺôһ˵˲١
һ·ƽ⣬úչԼҪ˵ġ
ּҵȷʵôãҲֺͦġ
ţҲǡȻ֮䣬ֺôһЩɬ
ôͺһ֮ľԽԽԶˣ
ܲáСĿ飬ǰôˣ




һʮ  
 

ûֱȥ̰غյ۾סĳ
˿֪̰ܲغյ˼ôˣô֪ܲ
ˡ̰غտһۣλã·Ҳġ
ǡΪѵĿһǱߵֺͺһֹĿһ۳̰غա
ṵ̂غ˵ţλ
̲ס²ۣ̰غյǵû˼ңֱǵ˭
֪˶ãùͦ˵ġǱߵ˿Ҫߣ̰غҲ˹ˣŶǼҳҲʸ˼ˡ
涺Ҫң㲻ù𣿡ֺʣҲǲȥѣܿͻˡ
һûʱĻҲԲġ
ûϵҵĹҲһӾģҲҪУһɡ
һҡҡͷЦЦڿ״̬ҲǺܺãҪͻ֪ѣ˵ܼӵĿοһ¡
Ǻðɣһ˾
ţ㿴Ҳ˾һˣҸҪȥˡ
һüʵҲڹ˾һڳϣڲûʲôˣֲǳš
ֺЦ˲߳ȥһ˳
￪ʼˣ͵͵ȥ̰غգ찡ǧҪҪߣ̫ˡ
˭֪̰غɫǺܵȻûҪļЩ𾪣ⲻ̫Ը񰡡
ǡ
ȻȻžֻĳ̰غգǲġ
̰غյĳһ·ֺģʱ򣬳̰غһ¡
һֺҪȥĶ
ˣʱҲˣллܹҡֺһֱ˺ܶࡣ
ãѵһҡҡͷһЩҲܲôġ
ǡֺſ:ɣȻúü첻ˣҡ
ǣֱ֪ˡһĽӹĻǰᱧס
Աŵ˵ϢԽԽ䣬־֨
֪ȰȰҪˡ
ܡ
߲شĻֻǽĶŻӵˣǵ׻Ҫã
һһɿֺ˿
һ·˳磬úչԼ
ţáֺͷҪǻˡ
ֺŻͷֺ˾˻
ϳ̰غյĵ绰ͽˡ
Ķ̰غڳǰĳ
棬ôˣǹʲô𣿡һó̫Ծ
ûĶ̰غҲ֪Լôˣǲģˡ
·ߣҸոͺ⼸ǲǹϳʲô⣿ֱӸҡ
һҲЩļ˵ԭûġ
û¡Եģ̰غյ֮࣬ǰӲ
ĶҪҪһԷ
̫Ļˣһ߿̲ס²ۡ
̰غһЫô丹ڻĻ
ѾԹˡһ˼ĻشźֺԹﻹԵ£
û£Ҿʡ̰غ˲٣Ϊһϵĸ١
ãǾˡһɻЩ˵ڸһһġ
ȿȣǸܲãһҲ飬нչˡ
һۺӾڵӦòɡ
ʲô£ȥˣһ
С飬СȷʵǺСĶӣᶨȷʵˡ
ţأ
оܺûйϵҲǣүӲǣӦҽҲ͵͵ˣҲǡУ³ҲˣҲǡ
ԣֺͳ̰غնʶˣˣûһǺѪԵϵġ
˭ǣǻ˭̰غüɵʱֺ˵ˣǶʶˣֺǻƭˡ
Ŷԣһû顣ͻȻһˡ
˭
ζ졣˵ĻҲֻкζˡ
̰غ￩һ£ô᣿ôܣ
ҲһϾû顣Ӿĳ̰غüͷ˵
ȥ飬졣һ̶Ȳˣôһ˵
Ҳ͵ͨҲԼˡ
ིĺӣǺζġҲûпܡ
ζôãҲǸֶλǮ
ŮӼҼңʱкҲ֣ңһܿ˵ཱུҲ˵Ĺȥ




һʮ  ѧ
 

ֺ֪ôΪĻƻܺԼôɡ
˭뵽ôһˣȻ뵽ôķʽϡ
ʵҲǲŵģźһŮӻͺζʲôϵ
ңҲʶɣ̰غΪҰɡ
̰غջǺǰһʱʱȥһǰȥ
εСһڿѾ߲ˡҪǲǰһ£ء
裬ĩڼ𣿡
СһȥſڳԱ߿
Ҫȥ˾һͷһЩû꣬Ҳϲš
ңĩڼҲ֪ʲô
ȥĶüСԴתȥ̰غա
ҪӰ࣬ʱ壬ߣ
̰غһ㶣ЩЦתͷ:ɹģȥҲԡ
ǺһҪȥûʲôϵɡ
ܣǹ㡣СһתǸСģ̿
ལ㲻˵ҪȤ㿴˵ĻȥȤ಻ͺæ˾ȥҲǲ԰ɡ
ѧ١۾һŶôҪȥȤˣ
٣һЩȣôСĺӣôԹٸȤ
Ϊϲ֮ġϾڹʱӴıȽ϶Ļ
ŲҪɣôѧû˼ҪѧڲͬģҳһһҪȥԽȭԺͿԱ
Сһ˵ţϣԼͺһһߣСƵ˵
վôߡһΣ˲֣
ҿɲѧ٣ָħŶָħ
Сһ˵ţȻһ£·ʲô书һ㡣
úúãǳ˷ͺһȥп٣һĸкʣòã
һȻǿʽģܿҲкܶ൶֮ĶһôСӽȥġ
ţãȻѵͶҪ
СһɳϣԼĻľһµ˵
һһС⺢ӣЩ˭ģ
㲻ȥĶС̰غսϴõĲ˵ݸһ˵
ţΪʲô
м٣ҡҿԽ
ôĹҲˣֳɵʦõȥұˣ
ǡ
ƭȥңҶ棬ҲȥСһһ̴˵
к棿̰غһӶ⺢ӣ߻Ť
ҡҲܣҸѧҲԵҲҪһ𡣡
СһתһȦּۻۡ
Ҫһȥ˾νﶼԡ
Сһ˽أôƤʵ
̲Ҿ͸ѧ٣㻹Ҫһ٣ȻҲҪ̡
ཿҲǴģر̰غǮˡ
ţ̰غü:Ҫ㣬Ҫ٣Ҫ̲裬ལܻռ˰
ǸҪǮҪ˿
˵ҪҵģҿΪѵĴӦġСһŲܣȵġ
ˣལˡһĶ֣٣̰غϵģÿһٿ϶ǼֵƵġ
ãҪѧԺ͵ҵġ̰غղ⣬Ͳླྀѧأͺһֶһ˳Ļᡣ
ǡ
𣿡̰غüСһһ飬̲ĵɴ۾
ߣһΪ˭˭
棬ڶ죬СһͱһűԼ߳˰ͷٴ
ҪҪҰáֱͬٵĳ̰غգȥɡ
Ҳˣ䣡뵽Сһﱧ٣С̰غ߽ݡ
17¥ҪҪȥ
һһ͹ˣСһô磬ͺͳ̰غԼ˳һһ
ڼ¥СһЩĿ
19¥Ⱥһ㡣
ðɣȥ衣СһЩ˷ܣҪ迴
ǿֱۣСܲð
ٵҲ̫ɰˡ
һ˵һôô
Ҳ˷Ƕûĩ˻˾ĳ̰غա
Ǳٴźӵĳ̰غգվһ̫˰ɡ
ҪǳܵĺӣһһӽĿֱ걬ʲôǶˡ
һҲЩ˵˽ˣеĹȥ
ѵǹˣôҲ绰һ
䣡һȥһͿһŹٳԼڹ




һʮ   ܳ
 

һһȵŹڵԼǰˣſٺǿë׵СԴ
⡭һЦãٽӹôһ٣ôô죿
䣬ǲǺұģ裬ɫģлƣúÿҴٷһӿҸ㿴
СһΪ˷ܣС˵ģ֣Ұǿһͷһȷʵܺÿ
ǡһ֪õľĺ͸ˣһ̧ͷ̰غգ۾ǡ
ġ̰غճͷٺܶ࣬ǰղصġ
͸ֵõ˵ĻղҲԡ
ǡ
ûϵ̰غ֪˵ʲôȷʵҲеУλߵһţֻ˵Сһ۹ݶ
ٰ֮ǮɡһپͲˣô١
͸ģʲôϵ̰غָ֣һལ
ҡһôûйϵˣ
ལ𣿡̰غտལСһ̵ͷӺһٱý
գ裬ҶˣԺҶӪƷˡ
͵ĵͷһˣºһߡ
һһʱ֮侹ȻҲ˵һһͣһͣһգ˵
˼Ѿˣúùȥѧˣߡ
ºһҪٻȥ˵̰غߣּѵĳ˳Ŀȡ
̰غչˡһϵôĬͻȻе֮ǰǲǲӦȰԳ̰غƫ
ɲܷڣ˵ҪҵġСһﻹЩ£١
ϲˣ̰غյʱĺ
ְɫģлƣϲ̰غղ׬ǮҲҪġ
ཻ֪̰غٷ٣ÿһŶǹƷǶһ޶ġ
ˡ̰غΣ˵
ţǾͺãȻġཿв:ԺҲ衣
ҿԼ𣿡̰غ֣ٷźá
㲻־͸Сһ˵꣬
ãš̰غҲԼǰٲ¡
￪ʼѧʶһЩٽס
ٵѶȵģСһڲܿö
ţáһһС˾ټİ칫һ˽һ٣һƬ¾õģ
ǱڣһƬ¾ãɲּûֺҲûָĸ֮ȻһȺΧѩɻˡ
ֻܼȥң֪һֺΪ˺ҪĺͬҲûҸġ
ָĸǱ߸Ӳ˵ڶǲܴ̼ˡ
ȥң͵͵ңصҪζǱߣСܳȥֻȥ
ܼżֱţĿˣҲûֻȥĶ
ܼûȷʵȥҺζˡ
ζҲǱˣ֪Ҳһ뵽
סȻ˻ᷢġ
ζĵһҵĹԢס
ѩҪһԼȻ㱻ˣҲܺ˶ŸɲĶ֪𣿡
ζ֪ѩããرױꡣ
ţҾһܳĿԵģһôͱץȥ
ü̺ҽչòãҲܾȻ˻ֵᷢġ
ζͷЩۣúõһ˶ĥʲôˣ
ţҪҡѩڿֱס
ζһ㶣ѵôҲֱס
ãÿ춼㣬㲻ҪǿЩ߰šǶҪˣһҪ㡣
ϲôõˣܵ˵˺ġ
áѩͷֹɵıĻ
ʵѩǰһ̣ζ֪ԼⱲӶܷſˡ
룬ʱ֪Ҫô
ԺҪܳ㲻ܳҲ취ŪģԼܳҪʲôûʲôģһ˻ô죿
ʱŰɫȹ֪˯£޷ģСҰףһ֪¥µ˶á
Ҵˡǲ뱻ڼ˵һ
ûϵְܿͷ㲻ˣ岻ãҪҪ
˭ѩըë:ǹʱҵ𣿡




һʮ  ི
 

㰡ȱô̫࣬Ҳûáζᰲοÿһ˵ôá
Ҿѩüôһж˭ɵģ
úúã˾ҪԹԳԷˣûУ
ζƢĺǲúóԷôУ
һúóԷģ㲻ǷҪʲô㶼ҡ
ѩҲɣڵǹɵģµġ
ãҪʲôҶ֧㣬ֻҪ㲻˺ԼͿԡ
ζǼȰݵģְݣѩ޿֡
ڸ̰غһѧٵϢѾȦﴫ
Ȼ֪Ȧ˼֪һͳ̰غߵĺܽ˵ǿҪһˡ
ѩѹñӣͷ߽ϡ
֪ĩĳϱȲرǿֻҪпͿԽȥˡ
˭ڼӰ˿ѩóЩϤɺҲر
ڵѩʵ̫ˣǰ˺ܶ࣬ͷҲˡ
Щһʱ֮ûϳҲġ
֪ѩ
ܰɣڲڼ˵Ǳţء
Щ˲ѩܳϾһּҳô飬ȻûбǻһЩġ
ʮ¥ܲð칫֪̰غպСһ˵ʲô
СһھСͣһߵ۾Բġ
ߣȥ裡Ҫ۸ңȻҪһֱ٣̲衣
֮ǰ˵õĺ̲أָĥˣ̲ܺ衣
̲裬ֵġ̰غԼĿ˭֪̲ʲôģ
СһôС̲񫣬ôˣһҲǺ̲ɡ
ҲܿɰཾСͣŲ֣ôȶֵġ
һ̰غյκεĻᣬԲ̲ġ
ҲԼȥ䣡Сһ˵꣬˳ȥ
̰غտСһܳȥЦЦû˵ʲôͷһϢ֪Сȥˡ
Сӣ޷죬ǰںһǰͬˡ
ѩһ·ݵʮ¥ȥ̰غǲĺһ𣬻ڽѧ١
֪̰غնԹٵİòֻһְ㣬̱ˡ
˵Ĺ٣һ˽ġǰѧʱ̰غղ֪ղعٹ١
һʾʮ¥ѾˡѩųţӭײһСһ
Щʹۣ֪ײ˭ˡ
Ӧ̧ͷȥѩϵѩ
Ϊˣ費֪˶ٿࡣ
ô㣡üС˲ĵ
ѩͷɫһ˲٣Щ˵ĶǶԵġ
̰غչڽѧ٣
ʲôȻ֪Сһʲôѩ̲סʵ
ѧ٣ҪûͲҪˡСһɫҲã̫ѩˡ
賭ϮҵƷ㻹˼ƣһǲҪĻɫ
ѩͷŬĿԼԼ̫ˡ
ڽĩҲûмڣȻĻһᱻ˷֡
ޣСһ:˲֪ûгϮһ֪˵ϮҸ˵Ҷ֤ݣ֤ƷĻҪǸϮˣǸҪȻһߴ㳭Ϯģ
СһˣʲôϮϮģԴĵ鵽¼ĺòã
ÿһʲôʱ򻭵ģʲôʱĵģǸм¼ûĵġ
֪ʲôѩˣȻ֤ݣȻ֤ݣô֤ݣ
ںһеĺڵǳϮƷˣҪûڵ㣬Ҫ˼֪Ϯ˲
ѩͻȻԣԲ鷢չ
飬һó̰غհ칫ҵţѾ㣬ҪȥԷˡ
һôˣǺһ̰غЩȡ
ˣȥԷɣأһһۣûཡ
ûҵϢ̰غüǷϢȥ
ʲôϢһɻϢֻһ
ȥˣܣôûϢһСʱˣ
ȥˣԿ϶ô᲻ˣ
ûһһżʲôིܵģϲܵĺӡ
𼱣ʼҡ̰غšüͷҴ绰




һʮһ  
 

Ǳߺܿͽص˳ϵĶһûιȥ
ô£ô˵ѩڼ
żȥȥң̰غ֪ˣ̰οһһ߽ȥҡ
ʲôһҪˣҧŴ޲ܵѩǰ˺
֪㲻ҪżǱ̰غҲż֪ྲྀںһ˵
ûã˾֮󾯷ܿҵѩڵĵط
ǳһβ¥һṩĵص㣬һûιȥ
β¥ûȥֵطңβ¥Σ¥һʲô飬ô죿
ʱѩĵ绰˺һֻ
𣿡ѩҲϻֱʵ
һΧһۣ˵:ĶΧûϽң
һＱó亹ھཱུԼ衣
˵ûأѩתͷཱུһø߸ЬĽš
۵Ŀ޳ģ֪ڵġ
ལལڣһứֱཱུһŶۡ
һһ֪ĶĶɡҪԼȻԶ
ѩſԼĽţ۵Ѿ˵ˡ
Ҫҹȥ̹ȥһſǻһۺۣ֪ں£ûмҪ
ལһòãûཽԼһǲģҪཽԼ
衭ڣСҰèʵһཿŽ˳
ϻϽԴҲñ֪ǳ̰غգ˻ĺӣҪһҿӰ֣̰Сȥ
ѩҧгݵģ·ˣһٶģ
ҲԶңھ͹ȥ
һѾʧȥǣֻҪһ뵽ཻܿࡣܲˡ
ææĹ˵绰ײײվҪȥȴһֱߵĳ̰غһץס
һ£̰غ۾ɺ죬Լ
˭ĺӣոѩ˵ĺӡ
һź֪˳̰غһֱˡ
ûʱ˵ЩҪȥཡһ۾һ̰غٴס
ѻ˵һ̶ȲˣھҪཱུ֪˭ĺӡ
һĶӣ˵ˣǰǸң
һû˵ֻ̫࣬ལڻﲻܵһ˺
Ϊʲôϣ̰غŬԼôΣôͲ˵
˵ЩҪȥལһ棬ҪôϣⱾûϵ鰡
ãҺһȥҵģ߾죬Ǳа취ཱུǹ˵
̰غҲ侲ڵ֮ҪҵལȻ
һͷʾͬ:ҿĶӡ
߰ɡ̰غһͻȻü϶һЩʲô
ѩЩĵ¥ϣཱܺһֱڣûкȹһˮҲûгԹһ㶫
ʱ̫ɹСʱֱ˵紵ţԺģСͮͮģͷ޾ɣϻۡ
мƳ̳ĵƹʱѩһ飬վ
Ȼһһ˴ӳߵβ¥
׼ˣȥռƻе
ںһĶССĶ洫
һһ¥
ѩվ¥ϣԱ߻ĸϵСģˡ
أһֱཡ
šѩһָ¥룬ཾͱѾιȥˡ
һԴһƬհף˹ȥææĽ⿪ϵӡ
ལལˣˣ㿴裬ôˣͷ̵̣
һһĶͷΪȶպСż
ûİɡѩЦһСôǵӣ͸Ŀġ
Ѿˣ㻹ôҪȥҽԺ
ྲྀճˣȥҽԺôУ
ȥҽԺɣҪȥҽԺĻǾ˳ʳָ˰ɡ
ѩ˵ţһˮӸˣһ˲мˣҲƣҲϲˡ
̼ңôһм̰غյӣ
ûôϲ̰غˣòĶһҲ֪
㻹ŸʲôϽ




һʮ  
 

ŵϵˮһɺ죬ཱһ仰˵һĳ¥ݿȥ
ѩóѣ˰סߡ
һǾҺܺ棿˵ǺˣѩЦȻˣôܻĻȥ
һһԼõĵط̵֤Ѿȫ׼ˡ
סңһЦôô޴ˣ
ȻǾͲһ׼ûС
עע⣬ѾΧͶͶ
ʱźһһЩ죬ʼѩǺ
ѩ֪Ѿˣǰôô޴ȻźһĻԼ
Ӧ֪һǱһ׼ûжһӱô顣
ȻþҲˣѩ÷裬ܲ˵ܹˮںһĲϡ
ǶҳȻŲɱ
һҲǷȻҲѩóѡ
̰غںڰпѩĵںһĲϣһϣҪվȴԱߵľס
ܣ㲻ȥ:һ̼ܵ˲ܲô죿
ںһͺӶǶǲ
ǾɵţѩвǣֻܹԹĻ
һ£˵ľ춼˲٣ѩǰһ̣ѩˡ
С㣬Ҳˣôˣ㲻ȫˣӦûܵĻᡣ
߳ѩ޴ﶼô޴ˣҲ֪ھ񵽵
ʲô˼ΪĲͬھ𣿡ѩ˺󼸲ǼˣȻûɹˡ
ãȰѺӸǣˣ̣ŲǵľѻĻῪǹ
һѩ޲ʱ򣬾Ϳѩȥү
ѻ֡ѩʼˣϣ߲죬ѻҲо룬òžǵĻ
С㣬ѺӸǣȥҽԺõġ쳯һ֣һ֪ڱ͵ҽԺȥ
ѺӸѩȻҲԼƵ·źúûȥء
һõѩĿ϶ȷѺӸ˺֮ŰѺӷ
У㲻ܹȥǹСֱߣ
ѩźһ·һ߽ˮĲϣԭأźһ˺˼
۾һǰȥһѱľȥҽԺ
ڣ˺󣬸Ͻ˺󣡲ȻĻᶯ֣ߣߣ
ҪˣҪȥҺζһ£Ҫôźá
̰غЩļһѩİѺһˣһŹѩġ
꣬ѻ֣׼Ҫ˺̰غԱߵľ죬ᳯŶ˵
ܿ죬ҶûзӦʱһѩеˮ˴Ӻɣѩֻ΢΢
ϣ˵ʱʱ죬ȥһЩ˽һһЩ˽ѩס
һʱ̰غżܹ鿴һơ
ҪҪ˵ûУ̰غżĽһߣ²鿴
غաǱߵѩ̰غգûȥ̫޴ˣȻźһϡ
һû˵ѩΪིŻܵ˺
ལأ뵽ལһżո̵֪û¡
ҽԺˡǴҽ¡
ȥһһ̶ȲھҪȷû¡
ҲСһ:һҪ¼
ô飬Ҳ۵ĹǺҿûʲô£Ȼ治֪Żᱬʲô
ҽԺҽѾཱུƺͲ飬ڣСһڴϣ˯ú졣
ûʲô󰭣ɹ̫ûвˮ֣²󣬼ܵţŷ˸գڼʱȻ⺢ӾҪɵˡ
ҽҲһ治봦ĲˣĲˣ̫ˡ
лл㣬лл㡣һһ٣ٶĸлֻҪû¾ͺá
һ̰غһֱߣ§ļ򣬰ο
û㣬ΪǸ⣬û뵽ᷢô顣
һ֪̰غʣعʱ򣬾ͲӦðѩӦôѩǸ˵ġ
Ӧú˵һ
ལҵһӣ̫ˣԲŲ




һʮ  Ѿ֪
 

ǡ̰غҲ֪˵ʲô֪ԼǰһʷծһֱҵǸˣԴ˸ġ
֪Ǹ˵˭ҲˣһֱǵҪҲҲ
ҵĴҴѧʱ㣬֪ȥǼҾưɣպãѩ༶ĸȥǶʱ򿴵㲻ʱұȥģǡ
һΪҡҡͷ֪鵽ôģֻ֪ڶʱͿ˯ԼԲһĳ̰غա
Ǹޱ۵壬ô£Ҳ֪׷ʲô顣
Ȼ֪ңΪʲôң̰غҲΪʲôҪһĳһ͵͵
Ҫô㣿һ̲ס޳:ѩϲ㣬Ǹʱҵѡ֮Ĳô㣬˼ô룿˵Ҳֶαͷ
ǸⰡһʱʲô취ûС
֪ѻཱུʱҽ˵ӹڱȽϱҪǲҪལԺͿûкˡ
ŰѺڹ⣬ͳ̰غգг̰غյȦӶûнԺҲ֪
˭֪ƫƫҪô׽ŪתתģǺˡ
Բ𡣡̰غһ֣ס
ôˡ
һһɫһ䣬ƿ:ҲҪҲҪ㲻Ҫལҵĺӣҿ԰ˡ
һ˺󼸲³̰غҪҪȥ
ôʹ飬ΪལлȥĶ
Ҳལϲ㣬ǿԸһļҡ
̰غεٴֽᡣ
΢ڲŵõϢ˵ཱѩˡ
ææҪȥҺһʱȴӦһס
ȥˣѾˡʱȥȥνˡ
ҲȥྲྀסԺˡ΢Ŀ֣ȥôĵ£
Ҹ㿴ӦûشĻֱֽ鷿صġ
ʲôôصģûʱŪĶȥһ˵ɡ
΢ӻལһӦţԼϡ
룬Ķóݸ
ʲôӼ棿΢巿һۣòɣ
㲻һֱ֪ѧʱҪ죬պҲ죬Ҿ˳㡭ȿȡ
ӦЩ˼Ȼְҵ£ⲻΪϱֶһ
ǡ΢巵ͷɵű浥棬ǰɣȻ
ұĶӣ
ú˵Ӧһ
ǡ΢ס:һ£ǲϻˣ
ȻôɣһӰǰ־òš
ġӦͷǸСɵӡ
ǸϽȥҽԺϽȥұ硣΢巸סӦȥҳ̰غա
𣿡̰غտŲûסԼҪ˵Լұá
磬磬¼ˣ֪𣿡
΢ܵ޲õһʱˡ
ʲô̰غղǺס
㲻֪ĺӣ΢巿˿ΧסԼĵļ
Ŷ˭֪ʮֵ·΢˵صһ㡣
ǣô⸱ģ㲻ϲһʲôʱ˼ҳ㶼֪У
΢巵ɴ۾ǰôһֱͱ˵̰غնôֱ˭֪ҲǸС
Ѿ֪ˡ̰غչ˹ǣһõ
ţ΢һ:ʲôʱ֪ģģͷһӦ
Ӧ͵ҡͷԩĶлͳ̰غ˵ҡҲǺ
֪ãˡ̰غ˵ţһſݸ΢巡
ţ΢ˣǮ
ſǮǿ㻨ȥҲԣǲҪǡ
˵̰꣬غתóܲ
÷򣡡΢巳Ӱʧ²ۣʲô̫ˡ
΢巽һۣǮ٣ǳִ󷽡
תӦ:ȥλȥƵꣿ
Ӧ˼ȣԺú΢巺ͳ̰غն졣
ǰʶ΢巵ʱ򣬺΢巻ǸɰСŮһھǻ֮ʵģ
̰غǸҲǣ˶˵ϵӣ˵̽ӣõĴʶϣ˭֪ʵǸֱֻڵ˼Ӷѧǰˣ
ҪӦ˵ţ΢һ˵߾ߵС




һʮ  ˵Բ
 

ֺ֪ܻʱһжѾҪˡ
ȥҽԺʱྲྀѾֻˡ
ֺڲǰЩûڵҪҪȥڣཱུݶѾع⣬˶ེ֪ͳ̰غյĹϵ
˶֪ǰ̰غպͳŮѺһĺӡ
ף壡ôི֪ںͺһ˵ʲô֮֡
ͻȻţҲΪֵĹдֵİɡ
ˣɡһֺЦĺк
һҡֺ֪˵ʲôãΪཻԼһҲΪһεԹԼ
˵Բ֪˵ʲôĴҪ˵ʲôԲ𡣡
һ˵ţ
ǰǰ壬ҾǺṆ̀һǺϲѽһûдԵĻལཿһֱء
Ҳܶµſϣ˫СĿɰ
㿴˼ҶˣˣûиུԵĻ𣿡
ֺԭͦģôһͷ̲סཱ
ôˣûҲûϵѽСһſĶ:͵͵ȥ̲裬Ҿԭ㣬ԸҰְ衣
ֺһĻ̲סЦӦɫֽ
ְ裿ôͽ̰ܳغǺһأ
ֺ̧ͷźһѯ
Ȼ֪ˣҾûа취ཡһ˼ЦЦҲ벻ôͽ̰ܳغա
ûϵͦõģ㡭ͳ̰غһ  Ҳ֪ȥ˰ɡǲܵģȻʱѾ߹ڣһǾҪ˵һ䡣
ã֪ˡ ôһ˵һѾдˣٶʣҲٶ˵
ͳ̰غաڲһҲֻʱѣǳ顣
Ҹĸ˵ǾúܱǸҪ/Ҳˡ
ֺӦôѩģһ˷ڼܳˣҲΡ
˵ɡ˵飬һЩᡣ
һˣѩôûйϵǣһȻཱུϣһԵġ
壬ΪʲôôãþôأҵĽŽţ۰
ĴϣȵԼСѾȥĿ
ལ軹ûʹ㣬ô㣿ѩȥӦòԵ޹ʷˣӦܵʲô/ˡ
㳭ϮҲǸ̥Ҳˣ˵͡
ߣһི̣ϲˡ
СӼҼңԺҪô࣬ʲô衣һüϰ߿ɲãȻΪ̫СˣǴ˵Ķ֣
ǡིĵͷ
֪ΪãһĻزˣô죿
һһ:ˣȥ̲ɣбһٶˡ
ղĻ˵ôǵ
ףСӾϲ̧ͷ¶ɰС:muaԶ䣬ߡ
Сһ￪ĵֺ¥ֺûܾһ¥
һ˵ӰЦЦʼʰཱུƷ
ѾȫԺˣڻģ￴ĳܹˣ
һӹ˾ĳ̰غգָߵ³Ļľ
ôˣһͷһ£ϵĻľʱͻȻ׹
㲻ģĻľѾˣڼﶼŲˡྲྀԻľȰһ㣬ŻĲһͯǸľңطɻңġ
ҡ̰غЩƣûвཱུĳɳһӾһĶӣô¿ɰҲ֪Ҫôȥ
أȥһʿˣ̰غתƻ⣬е߷
ǡסԺ죬ûȥʿվЩƯС졣
ͺȥ̲ˣһͻʰһȥԺ
һЦŽཱུͣȥĶԵÿӣԺҲᵣǶˡ
ֺʲôʱģô֪ǲ뿪СʱĹ
ţˣལ˵Բ𡣡һЦҡҡͷ:¶ҲûйϵǸʲô
ôûйϵ̰غüԼûܺãѩܳˣʧְ
һЩ£ôͺֺйϵˣ˼ֺͦõģ̯ôãֲѡġ




һʮ  ʲô
 

Ŷ̰غ䵭һߵɳϣһԲ
һҲûô⣬ʰ̰غҲʲô˵ˡ
֪˶ãһʰˣֺ΢ţһͻؼҡ
ȥԺˡһ֣Сһﶫͦ࣬ҲһʼȤ˺ܶ߹
š̰غյɫ׺ˣʲô˼
߰ôߣһڷӦô˺еֵֹģ
Ŷ̰غȻϴӦţȴɳһġ
ôˣҲģ˵Ҫһȥ
е㲻ġ̰غЭһǿľͷôͲ⣿
ģΪʲôһˣͷ
ǡ̰غЦվһĿ
һĿԼһɫˣʲô̰غջڿƵűߡ
㻹֪ΪʲôģǺһӾͿչ˵
֪ҪȦˡ
ֺͰླྀȥˣֲӣôֺΪ˵
㡭һЩȷ̧ͷ°;͵ͷϣһ̧ͷ̰غյĺϡ
㣬ԶòԴ˰ɣǱɽأܡ
һЦŴŬͷΧͺΡ
ֲҲֱͷ
ҾǳԴˡ̰غյĻŵúһû
ǣﰡһˣĵֿ˰
ҡ̰غղģֺϵôá
ҡһЩѵ̧ͷ֣ͷ
Ҳ֪ôˡһɫΣڻûһ𣬾ô̫ܺðɡ
֪ʲôϵ̰غЩЦſɺ
ҡҲ֪һɫͨ죬Ȼ֮ľˣôøѺˣ
֪㻹ҶӼ޸ˣ̰غһץס
ҡһЦãûаûҪӼ޸ˡ
ǣǲǣ̰غտŹ׷ʡ
ǡ
ܺáȻҪ޸ˣǾǼ޸ˡ
ʲôһٴδ㶣ʲôܺã
㲻޸ླྀˣǾֻܼ޸ˡ
ⲻǺԵҪô˵
ңǡ
Ŷ̰غյ:㲻ϲң
ǣǣȻǣһżĽֲϲҪ˵òã
ǾϲˣҲϲ㣬Ǿһɡ
һǲ̫
ˣԺǺúðѶӸ󡣡
̰غսʮָۣЦһĵóѡ
һЦãʲô취ܾ
ܾ̰غճֽסġ
û˵ܾһЦ:ԿѣҪ㲻ҲԺͱˡ
ܣ̰غ̧һʺǸˡ
ʲôϵһüתƻ⣬ͷЦſ
ʱĹϵ
̰غտһۣҪ̽飬Ҳͦڴġ
ֺཻؼҵʱ򣬿̰غպͺһڿСʱƭһĻ
㿴ţ۾ʱǸʱ򳬼ģҶɱˡţˣɰ
һһɫĺ˵Сʱ飬һ߷Ƭ
Լһ˴㸸ĸأʱȥݷһǡ
̰غպ֪ûһ˵顣
ҸĸǲһŬļһ˿˿ЦݣþöûҲĸˡ
ţ̰غüûиĸˣ
ҴѧոձҵʱΣɽ廬£ӷ¡
һһǸʱ̫ʹˣҲһ֮ġ
˭֪ǸʱѾˡ
ǡ̰غЩ۵Ŀô˵
һֱΪһĸĸֻȽԶѡ
һ
䣡ֺེ߽ϺһõĻ䡣
ལллһ̵ֺེ
䣬ôˣö˼ҵĳŶཾСͣûʱĺó
ƤͰ͵ģͷҲֻм۾Ҳûôй
ô㻹±֪Сʱʲôɣ
һСţһЩһЩָбȽϺá




һʮ  Ǿһ
 

˼ң÷ŶཽһÿɳϣԼߵλá
壬ҲԼߵλãʾֺ
ֺ˹ǣôһᡣ
ںһͳ̰غദģʽڸ߱Ѿһˡ
Ǳ㲻ȥ̰غտһۣЩζģܲԴס
Ѿȥˡֺش:״̬С
Ȼ֪ҪҪ˵ɳ̰غջѡ˵ˡ
ͦõĺǡ̰غһ:˵ζŬΪɸ
ζ컹ǺһƬ鰡ѩܳڻҪǮȥʦ
ʦⷽк幼ҰѿأʲôǴ˾Ҳȫѩ
ûܣҲܲˡһ׵ãһԼϲ˺͵£ôǺѵġ
ԣɴ಻Լȥǵȥɡ
ֺô˵һҲûʲôǱʶҲôġ
ѩ飬˽ͺãˡ
Ժ̰ܺغտȥܲģһûжˣôܿģ
ã֪һζǴ鷳ȷʵǵĲԡ
һЩΣѳ̰غȥٴ˵˻Ҫֺ䳰ȷء
ֲֺۣĴô˼ңһΣҲΡ
һһѲķϣˣϴˣ֡
Ϊ˵̰غս˷̨ϣζʮ㡣
һգǺʱһ
ͲҪԴˣİҺܶ࣬İѵģ˵ˣ㲻ҲǺ
ദѾȻûãȻһϷ޵ĸо
ʲôʱ򹫿̰غƵģ޲ھ͸ˣиӡ
ʲôǽžһģҪĻ
ѵ飿߱˲˼Ҫ˵ֺһˡ
㲻Ҫô򵥣ҲҪȥүүһ˵ĻҲ̫á
Ҫʱ˫Ͽɵĸ飬ҶùһЩǺùܶࡣ
үү̰غüû
ͬͬⶼûϵԺģ˭ܰ
үүҪͬĻҲùܶ࣬ˣͲҪôȰѲϴɾˡ
һ̰غÿһѧһ漼ܡ
һ󷹣ϴˣһˣ֪һһҪʲô
磬磬ңҲȥˡ
һֺѩͿȻȲϼ
ˣһǷ˴ģЩ˸Ͳὲὲʱ򻹻ᰵż
ֺ֣Щ۵ĸСһֱ۰ѩܵһ˿һί
ڿֵطܿѣȻ֪Ҳܣɵ˰ôۣܲ
áֺס:̺òã
Ȼ˵ˣѩͺһ֮顣
ǡ
磬ְĲ𣿡ѩʹ飬š
ǵġôܲ˵ҲΪ˿ѡ
ôңΪʲôҳȥǰͿԳȥˣõȵڡ
ǲ㣬ڹ⣬ãѩ̣̼죬һ㣬òã
ԭֺǲ͵ģҲ֣ڿѩҲ۶۵
ããһԵģ磬ҡ
˯оѵʱ ֺӶѩ˵һ仰ȥ
ڴϣֺ˺ܾúܾãڣʲôһζ绰
ţҡ
ҿԸṩ֤ݣ֤ѩмԾʧڡãҪñּ֪ҳ֣ˡ
˵绰ʱֺһô˵Ҫúչõġ
ֻһѩĴּ̫ǲóģֻɺζ棬ּģҲֻааһºζ졣
ֺͷֻĻϵűֽĵĺһһźںļӰ
ĿŵúһƬżӰպúʡ

һԲ磬ܿ汻۸ܿôʹ࡭ĻԺһ취ģòã
ֺƬ˵аѩǾ൱ںͺһŸɣҲίˣû취ѩš




һʮ  ؼ
 

ζĶܿ죬֤ռ֮󣬾ҪѩȥҽΪɣͳ
ȿˮζչѩʱ򣬿˵ľˣˡ
磬ǲָ鷳ˣڼһʱѩȻ֮ǰѾһڵ࣬ȴҲкܶࡣ
鷳ܻͺãίˡζ۵ȥŽȥ찡ݳˡ
ѩЦЦû˵ͷˮӣȴڸ߱ˣڼڴʲô
ѩҲֻܱͳܺӵһûзָء
ڣһжҪȵ˾һ죬֪滹òΡ
²Ϊֺֻų̰غյϢ
ţ̰غôˣôܾͲ֪˺ζ֤ѩͳģ
޹ءֺһ£عȥ̰غûֱӵ֤֤ѩϾˡ
ǡ̰غû˵ʲô汻ֺ¶ˣȷʵû֤ݣ΢һӣס
̰غҲû˵ʲôֺžúùһЩ
Ҳҿĵİζ죬ûʲôѱʵζҲҲѩֻ֤˵˵ĻԵ鷳һЩ
ѩԱͳǳ飬Ϊ磬ֻܵࡣ
ѩͳϢһɫѿ
Ϊʲôʱôľ춼ڣô֤֤ѩǸʱ񣬻̻һжġ
ѩʱ״̬Ǻཱུʱ򣬸Ͳһӵģ
Ϊζṩѩʧ֤չأͲˡ
̰غԥһ£ջûиֺаæࡣ
ζ죿ô죿ѵͿһṩ֤ݣȻΪѩô࣬ѵôˣ
һЩߣȻЩ̫귨ɵ©ˣѩˣȻΪѣɹİͳˣ
ˣ취ͺá̰غսܹһ飬һʼʱҲôܽܡ
ּҳ֣Ҫţֻּܺҳ˺Ƥ
ˣ˵Щĵˣȥ·˵ҪȥүүҳԷ𣿡
һ̾˿Ȼ⣬ѩҲ˺ܶࡣ
һ룬һֺ˺ܶࡣ
á̰غյͷĶͷһЦƿ¥ȥˡ
·¥ʱ򣬻ûеͲΧЩ̫һ
ţѹ֣кַΧͣؾһ
һֺһŷӦԭˣֲó̰غһٴеģ
ôˣҲһһǻҪأ
һЦŽ͵ȻȻڳ̰غߡ
ǡѾסһ𣿡ֺüɬǰôõģûа취Ц˵ף
ûаᣬǾһˣˣ
һЩ˼ûסһ𣬶ңǺò׽̰ܳغˣȴûôסһ׼
ǡһȥĶֺ̰غǲǺͺһ˵ʲôڿӦû˵
ȥүүһʵش˳㽫ݺõĲݹȥ
˵´Ҫȸһˣڲĸôˣ
þöûֺ˵ָĸ״ˣӦǻɡ
ǿˣʱپһ°ɡֺЦЦʱΨһοľĸܺãѾ׼ع
ãĸǺϲ𣿵ʱྲྀȥһͷϢá
ʱ䵽ˡĵôã̰غ׾ٴ
´˵ɡһ˼ĿֺӦҪˡ
һҪȥལҲҪʱ䣬˵Ļүӵ̫òá
ֺͷվǸˡ
ֺһпȥһ³̰غյ֡
㰡￴񿴵һͲ֪ܾٴˣͲˡ
һԳ̰غٴеĶԴֺǾЩΣ˵ֲֲֺܲϵ˰ɡ
ԺҪ̫űˣҲҪŵ̫ղûиߺһֺʲôºһģҲΪ˲ּ˺Ƥ
ɲûһֺ̣˵˲µģתͷͰѩô




һʮ  ̫үү
 

ΪʲôֺѩһֱһۺˣͲϹˡ
һһֱֺҲΪʱİɡ
ѾܾöΣǰһչš
㣬Ϊʲôཱུ֪
ֺ֪ںһĵλܸߣرһ뵽ཱུôҪĵĶֺȻ֪ˣ֪Ѿͷжֺ
һ˼ЦЦֱסһڳԴˡ
ʵҸģ֪õһཱུԼ棬Źңʵȥˣš
Ȼһڶ˵ȥ
Ͼ
߹ѩɺأȴõ³Իǲ߱˺һЩ
Ӽ棿ѩô֪ģѩڵ绰˵ཱུġ
һعʱģǸʱҲ֪ԭˣҾ͡˲磬Ҳ̫űˡ
˵ѩ֪ˣ̰غüͷһ壬һ֣ȥƽ
ﰡ֪Ҳɣ㻹㲻ɣǷӼ棬Ҳİɡ
һѾЩˣ鶼ˣҲûбҪȥƽЩ
Ҳ͵͵ɹȥԼдҺûκεĹϵǰ
ԣʱìܣȻѾӼˡ
ֺҲǰԼҵĵġôһ˵񣬳̰غպཱུӼ滹ۡ
ţ֪ˡбҪһ£˭ɵˣѩֺһ
ĵ鱻ʱһͳ̰غսӵེ󣬾ͻ˳̼լ
үأһţ̰غձֽݸӶˡ
ڿ
̰غյͷźһཽȥһǽŵģֽű䣬ȫòС
̰غջͷһۣ֣ģĹ𴽽ǣο
ǣ˵ԷڶˣүӿһۣЩߡ
Ҫѧ㣬ÿ̫޲϶һ̫
СӣүĹĵĵһۣལ˵⻹һϸཱུ
Ϣ˵һĺӾʱ˼Ǽ𾪡
ཱིúͳ̰غ񰡣ͳ̰غյĸҲСģ񿴵ǵСʱ
ལ̫үүԺûǮˣ
̰غཱུСԴȥԥһ̵߹ȥ
̫үү
үӿĵӣ֪룬һų֡
̫үү
ͷһŲȥ:ôˣܱĶ𣿡
ȡ̰غסûЦӣǻ˾ϲ
⺢ӣֲһү죬۸û
ааɣ㱧㱧Сһ˵ţ֣§סүӵĲӡ
ǺúӡүӲû޳ȻǸ⣬ɵǰʱָϵѪԵǣһӾϲӡ
ҡ
⺢ӵӺүүһģһ߻ˣƤӣСС󣡡
̰غյĸҲСʱ龫֣ҲǵһȺ
Ұ֣̰غЩȣүӺΪ˲Щһûк˵ĸĸʲôˡ
˵Լļ䣬ŶԼĸĸһģӡ
ǿɲǼҾֻôһģһζûУְСʱͺһźܡ
˼Ҷɧֻг̰غǸɧڵ֣Ҫǳүүǿų̰غճģỳġ
̫үүҲҴҲҴ̫үүôĻҿԺȳ֭𣿡
СһĿ⣬ȫ輸ϵĳ֭ס̰غɫһƺСһϲϣ
Ȼԡүӵ˵ıӣǸСָ֭
Ժ̫ࡣ̲裬֭춼ôȣôܵˣ
ûϵཱུѪǣֻҪӼĹ֭һЩҲûϵ
һס˳̰غգ˸ˡΪཱུѪǣҲôĹ֭֮ϡ
ཱུѪǣǶһ㣬ܼҰҲҽСӾ͵Ѫǣôţ
үһ̽ӵúúñš
ȿȡཱôһ˵ЩûǺ
ѽ̫үүõѾҵ




һʮ  о
 

ţཱུĻһ˶һˣʲôʱ飿
жСɰٺ٣ÿɰŶͬѧ˵˳ͽ顣
СһٺһЦЦЩ󣬼ȳ֭
ͽжСɰ𣿡үӾȤСӣôôᰡ
СɰҽеģжůСһٺһЦůǺܿɰģǰ༶ɰСŮˡ
׷𣿡үӵİ֮ȼŮ˵İĲ
ǰɣ˵һܿġ÷ŶкöСϲҶ˿
С֮ĸ飬ʱܴ⣬˾øá
ŶӴҪúö˼С㰡˼ˣӿɽ̣ӿɽ̰
үЦǺǵģСһǸúӣһϷӶлˡ
ǾǣԺ϶22ȢСɰʮˣҪ裬ƻҪü꣡
Сһ￴һ۳̰غգһεεҡҡͷ
̰غյɫЩѿô󣬴Ǳı˼ҵС
㣬úÿ黨ǲݣҲʲôţҵӡ
˵ţ굹ر࡭
ô㲻Сһڿ޿֣ڿǵõ˳үӳˡ
ǣ˼ཱ˼ˡүӵͷͳ³̰غһ㣬ͺ⡣
ˣһҴ䡣̰غ֣סĵط
ȥķ䣬ĵط
ҵķ䣬ѧǰҶס
Ȼլǳ̰غ䣬治Сҵ͵Ҳݻ
ѧĵʱŰȥһЩ棬ΪʲôҪȥס
ţѧʱүүʼҴҵҪϽһЩŰᵽĵطҲˣԣžȥ
ȥĻүүһڼˡ֪ΪʲôŮӾǻȽҰɣġ
ǡ̰غЦķ
һȺġңÿĩֻҪʱҲԣ˵үҲȥʲôϰߵġ
ҲȲڼǿرˣǶرϣԼĺԼܹڼŵģǱ˱Ȳ˵ġ
ϣ飬ѳƿүӺĸѪô˵Ҫóǳ̼˵ɡ
ǳϡ𣿡Ҷ˵һҶǳ̰غһ˸ġ
ţҪǳϵЩȽϵĴʼˣڲ̫ǵĹɷݣһֱҪ·Ȩ
·ȨֲͶʡǣڴֹ⡣
·䣿ʱ顭
ʱ飬ҪطǮЩ˶ԼϣŹ˾ﻹмǵˣַ졣
㡭
̰غյͷս:ôңˣ
һһ죬˺ȷʵڹ·ˡ
ôңǰﲻܣ
ܲ˰һ£ϲ̰غգôɣҲ᲻׵ĲϧԼֻǡ
ܲˣʱˣӦòһʶûеˡ
Է룬ʲôõľٶġ
ұҩˡһ˼˵Ȼ϶ܡ
ʲô̰غü˭ҩʲôˣǲûĻͱ
Ҳ֪ʱǰıҵƻᣬô࣬һЩͬѧѣ˭µ֣ڶ֪ء
һҡҡͷǸʱ뿪ҲǺǸҩ֪ʲô
ҡȻ˵Ǹ˵ĻͺһҲʲôǸ˼Ȼͼı죬ôǸ
ʲôһ£ʲô
ǸˣҡңһҪҵõҵõһҪʲôۡ
ԵɣҲ֪˭֪ˣ˵˼ҶɼˣûҪˡ
һҡҡͷڲ£ڵ̫ˡ
ţ㲻ùܣˣ㲻ֺߵ̫ˡ
һ뵽ֺ͵͵ǰѩ̰غͽ⡣
ѩֱҲ᲻⣬͵͵Ͳôĺܡ
ѽһһĿȦ
׾ҪҳԷɴףǸ߹ֻҵѶѣҪһĻûʲôˡ
̰غü֣һĿ
ġ




һʮ  Ʒ
 

̰غôģһһǸ
ۡһСС˵һ
㲻Ҫ̫һˣǶͼˡ֪˵ıʲôԣŲֺ̫
֪֪ˡһ£ô˵¶
ǡ̰غն촽ΪͷĴģı顣
˵˶Ϊϴѧ
ҪҪǣ̰غմսһһ£εЦЦ
𡭡
裡㿴ҵߣ̫үү͸ҡôô찡
ֻңͻȻһ¥Щֵȥ
ûû¡һšһЦĳ̰غգһԼı飬¥ཱ
Ŷ𣿡ཻɻĿź鲻ĳ̰غգȴһ¥
裬̫үүҵĴʲôܲһֱ཰ɣһڻڱдŵȷʵལ˵˵һ꼶ʱٸ
ʲô֣һһ£ûøȡʲô֡
Ҳ֪̫үү˵ȡһ£Ķ֪ԼҪʲô֣
һ⣬ͷһ۳̰غգôүô͸ȡˣ
أȻ̰غϲֵġ
ͦϲģһͺܺҮ裬ϲ̫үүȡ֡Ժ󳤴ˣŲء
̫ɰ̫ˣֻʺڻûгʱ
Ҳϲ̰غյͷ治
ãпվȥԺཾͽһһСҲͦϲġ
ͳ̰غȷϵ󣬱Ҳ֪˭ĺ֮ڵĺһڳϹʱѾûʲô˸ˡ
һһҲĹڣŸѾûж죬һҲѾ׼ˡ
ǱҲ׼ˡ΢巺ͺһƵڵѾ֪ͺòһμٵӦȥˡ
һ׼ÿһ׶ǧĿ棬᲻̫ˣ
ڶ֪ʲôѾô࣬µʱᡭ
ǲԼǲųϺǳӪֶΣ
˵ǧˣÿ׶׼ǳźͳ϶а취ȫ۳ȥ
ҾǺ£Ͼǹġ磬Сڰ
ûϵͷſİɡ΢巰ο:˵ˣҳ̰غڣʲôأ
г̰غڣʮȥͶߺƷƷ˶ģһʦʲô
Ȼ΢ô˵ɺһǲ̤ʵȥҳ̰غ˵˵ɣɳ̰غرæҲ˼ȥ
ƷûãĿﲻЩ·ûбע˭ƣֻ˵ǳźͳϵʦƵġ
λͬȣҲûʲôԿǵģͶϲġ
ĿǰúһЩĶһ㣬һףܶŵ궼ϻˡ
µ۱һһĺͳ̰غջ㱨
ơ˭Ʒ̰غüͷǺһġǾѰˡ
֪
֪̰غտ֪˭Ʒ
˵˲ȡʽģֻ֪ԼƷʲôĸƷǵġ
ҲΪʱҲǴҵƷһȥģ˵Ǿһ
ȡʲôҲ֪ôһ㶼֪
ġʦȡġ
ûҪˣʲô֪
֪ʲô̰غնһ֪ǲǾ˾Ϳˣ
ҡСȥˣܳȥˡڨڨһЦ֪ˡ
ţȥˣǺ˵ֺԶһڻ˽¼棿
һСʱ˵˺һĹɵȥĶҲ˵ʲô
˵˼ҺһҲǳϵˣǳˣǺͳ̰غϵġһǾ͸Ӳˡ
ȥɡ̰غճ˳ӣЩˡ
ɫҧҧʲôû˵
á
һ¡̰غͻȻֽס:һ飬Ůģβܲ
۾Ҫ𣿿Ǵ˵Ļ̰غҪһŮģƯģ
Ҫ㣬ڹҡǶ˵ҵ顣
̰غտһۣʲôֲ
ܣǳԴ׺ķ𣿡ȻСҪƲסŰ֮İ
ϻࡣ̰غսĿȥ




һʮһ  Դ
 

֮󣬳̰غһЩƵڰ칫ңһ年绰
ŶӴغո磬ô뵽˼Ǳߣ幽εε
в̰غմ˴ЩŰ칫ʾ䡣
Ӵʲôð칫ˣ并ϰ߸Ϥÿ̰غշʱ򣬾칫ʱ
ȾƣƲƲ죬ˣϧ𣬲֪ںͺһ̸ǲҲ
ȾƣҾȥ广һԼϵļÿԺ˵һѩӡ
ţáֲ벻𣬶ңơ
벻Ȼн죡̰غգ֪ʲôзˮתá
һ̰غ˵ĻЦüҪǸ߼Ƥɳϡ
̰غյ䣬ȴôһķۺ죬Ĳ
˺ˣסЦˡŬסЦݡ
˵һ浱˼ҺһẦ𣿡
̫ˣͳ̰غһôˣûԭôɵˡ
ɣ̰غտֻҲúһһѡ
ȻˣԿȻǵøһûгԴס广ԶǶ˼Һһһʲô
̰غЩƣһڽƱľƺȹ⡣
˵°ɲҪΪ̸˵°
˵ţԼļóݸ̰غա
ʲô̰غշ¾Ʊù
ƵİռЩΪ˸㣬ѩĻкܴĻġ
Ҳĵط֪ζȥʲôʦͦ¶ԷǺؼҽ̳˵ġ
ҪǺؼҽ̳ʦĻǱȽ˽⣬ӶԵı绤
Ļǲʲôζø
̰غôһ˵ҲЩģĻһһġ
ѩͣѾܲˣҪѩĻ
̰غղ룬һжôģʧ
ô̰ࣿغüȻôΪԾ񲡵ķ˿ϴ
ⱾͺѼ˵񾭲Ļ˭ȥ˵飬̫ˣұҶ֪ѩмЪԾ񲡵ġ
һζó֤ݳֵĻѩѶȿ֪
ǡȡʲô̶ȣĴ㣬Ҳи׼
˵ʵĴĻҾھԺϸꡣǿھҽԺ 
Ϊ̰غյͷҲ̫ΪѺ幣Ͼиҵ˲ŲӪġ
֪һҲܰЦһļͻȻúøпôõѡ
ˣһҪȥˡʲôһԳ̰غ˵
ţҪȥĶǰҲûںȾƵʱôżȥġ
ȻȥҵС㰡ֻСҰèſúܡ
ȥ˼ʲô̰غЩģͶ̫ˣº幷ֲ嶫ϱ
ʲôл׷òãŬŬ죬ô˭ô˵ѵǾûĵģ
׷û˼ҵģ̰غҡҡͷǲŵģ并Զĵִ̫ˣ˵¾ͷ¡
ңôˣ߲ûйŮȤŮΪ
һС߰ĺͶĳüһģһĵ˵ΪĻ̰غһҲŵġ
ͱôˣúúС̸ˡ
Щͷһ
̰غտû˵ʲôĬĬȾƣЩҪԼȥɡ
ͺ˵һһһųܲŮʱֻһ£ȴҲûʲôӦ
ǸŮ飬ȷʵۣǼõģ׼Ĺһۡ
ɲ֪Ϊʲôһһ㶼ģֻǿ˼ۣûб˼ˡ
ۣǿܲð칫ǸŮûУһͲǡ
ޣһӵķ糾Ϣܲʲôѵһʧ𣿡
һ𣬰˵ӦڲŶԡ
ǳ̰غٶǲһЩ
ֻһҲֻѣ漴һЦʲô˵
ų̰غգˣôʲôŮûĿɡ
ʲôӦ
һ̰غôʣΡΡֲ˲ͷ亹
ţ̰غտ֧֧ģôѻش
ûûӦȻ¶ˣ̰غվΪ˼Һһ
ûӦôܣԴ׵




һʮ  ôô
 

ġһ㷴ӦûСĲĴ̰غҪŮҲˣע۲죬Ҳ۲ˡ
һ㷴Ӧû𣿡ⲻӦð˵Ů˲׳Դ׵
һе黹һ޵Ůˡ̰غƼˣôһһ㶼ƣ
ûӦˣûƭš
֪ˣȥɡ̰غհڰ֣ûҲ
ڻźһΪʲôһ㶼ԴףһҲð
ЩίƲƲ죬߳ȥˣ̸еĳ̰غգҲź
أǳţ˵㲻ܹҵ
ͻȻĵԼǰĺ幣ЩΣ幣ʱĺСԡ
Ҿ͹ѽôˣѵ㲻뿴𣿻˵Ҫ뱳ҸǸʲôһһȥ
֣һ˵һһֱǽġ
ֹ˼ʲô°һҲǹ㲻ҪΪǳţ΢ϲرǿһ𣬺΢巵ɫͱøĹ졣
ôڸѶȥˣѲֹҸһ𣿡
˵ţһ죬˹ǶѾһˣõܱܵ
ǣҪ΢ôãҲġ
ÿһκ΢巿һʱ񣬵֪﾿̺ʲô֪΢һΪá
ûа취ȷʵϲϺˣǵĻһúԼ
ֲʲôˣʲô˵ˣҪԺȢĻôýһɩأ
⼸ǰ΢Сʱ򻹵ýظأ
˭Ҫ޸ѽûһƲͱ˵òãͨͨģû޸幣Ͼ干ͨˡ
һֱ֪ҵĲֻ࣬˭ʱû̸޼յأ
޸ң޸˭޸һ
˵ţͷƲƲ죬ʾԼǳ仰
Ҫһ㲻֪ʵõˡҲǴҵǰöණҵģҪһ㡣
죬ʵͦԲһģΪǮϲһߵ̫𽥵Զˡ
֪ˣ֪ˣ𣿡幰ڰ֣ǸģôͿһвһĸ飿
׿ó˵͸ı仯
ȻһĴ࣬ÿһܿõһڲͬġ
ôͷЩƲ֣֪ΪʲôȻһѾˣܾú幸̸һ
ôˣ干ҡҡͷ:㲻˵Ҵ𣿡
ŶˣȷʵǴ㣬Ҹ㶩ȹ
˵Ǽʲôһееݸ
ӹ򿪣һۻɫȹ
ǳƵģϲ𣿡΢ҲǸˣԸӦ
ɫİãͦϲġ˹ʵǺϲɫ˵еɫ
ɫô㲻ϲ𣿡ˣӦϲİľͺϲɫָĻɫ˵ɫɫ
Ҳǲϲллҡҡͷ͵幸ֱаɣһү˽ϲЩѶȡ
Ͻҿ
Щԥڴ񣬻ˡ
·ʱôһ˲䣬干ɶˡ
ġ߽̫ˣȹӣҲйƵģֻɫһЩ
ʲôÿ𣿡û̫̽Ѿס˵ĺ幡
幷Ӧ͵ĵͷ:ÿ̫ÿˣƯ㴩ɫÿ
平ԵĿҲЦˣϲɫϲС
Ժഩ㿴ĵתһȦɫҲôᡣ
һЦЦͷһеϲϣתˡ
ʵ
󴩺ɫϵ·ÿģʮ㣬ɰޣǺ干
һ֪幽칫ˣֻæϵû
ȿȡȻԸ⣬һע
֪ˣڻҪһЩʲôҪǲżĻȵ˵òѽ
һһۣ̰غչȻ̫үˣʱ£
ʲôʱŴãôһ㶼ԴأµȥæĹǲûء




һʮ  
 

ˣھͺˣ˵ɣʲô£һ˲֣߹ȥ
һ顣
֪һֲ֣ʲôܣص˵һɡ
úܺÿ̰غղһ㶼Դף
֪úܺÿĺܺáأ˵ʲôأһúЦ۾ģԿĵ
ѵһ׶𣿲һúÿҲõŮˡߣôһ㷴ӦûУ
̫ˣ̰غսԼ۾
̫ɰˣһӦûЦ
ΪҳԴ׾ôһ飿𣿡ôû̸֮ĳ̰غվȻôɰ
̰غյͷ࣬һ
ʲôóԴ׵ѽڳϴô꣬ʲôŮûȥĳҲ࣬ɫŮ㶼˲١Ǻûйⷽų֣ҶܷģûʲôóԴ׵ġ
һ֣̰غյƷôܳԴף
ǡ̰غջǾúƣ̸ġ
˵Ů˺ûаȫ
Һͱ˲һˣҾû㣬һལ㣬ԲûгԴס
һЦŽͣһʼȷʵһĲģϾͻȻôһŮߣתһҲûʲô
㻹ǲҪ̫ң뿴Դס̰غպʵϣ뿴ԴףԴ׵ŮˣҲܿɰ
һһ£һת̵״̬
ùŶȻôһŮߵ飡㻹Ҹʲôȥȥҹ
̰غɫ˱䣬ôһ˵ͱ䣿ô
ˣϽȥȥĴŮȥɣȻ뿴Դףݸˡ
㡭̰غմЦÿġ
ôܲ뿴ҳԴ׵𣿡һ§ס̫ɰ˰ɣȻүû˵̰غվһɧ
˵ûҪô̰غüͷһڣɰ
㻹ûĻҾҪȥˡһһ£̣Ӧǵһ
Ŷ
ȻԺü춼㣬ҪһֱҵǸʱ㣬ãˡ
ҪĳԴ׵Ļǲߴȥġ
㲻Դס̰غһ£ü첻ɲС
㻹뿴ҳԴ𣿡һüͷЦ档
롣
ţԡһ̧֣ͷż⣬һ
ûãŸƷһѾһ䡣Ҳǹ˭ƷߺܻӭƷӡ
𣿡Ѿ˵ĺ΢ڻ⣬סһ
֪Ϊʲôһֱŵĺ΢巽Ȼеš
һãҶƷһĵģԲһһͷʵôšΪýŵʱѾŹˡ
΢巵ͷһ˻ҡ
ߵʱ򣬺һ΢΢ȹǡ
ǰδǣڶ裬һơЩƷƣŴҶ֪ԼƷ׽ʲô֣ڿԿһͼ⼸·ǲǸʦƷ
˵ţһ¼̣ͳƷĳƷͼ
ۣͻȻںһߵʦsindiŮŵ͡
ҵƷǺδǣδǣȻǰ
ϲ㡣ЦЦһۺһûκε
ŵ͸˳ҵƷsindiʦ¶վ߰ͷ
˭ƷԾһֱΪǺһƷģ
ҵġһ֣˵ɣʵ·֣ȡƵġ
Ǻ˵ȡģҲû˵
ڶʦŵĿȻõڶ
ǴˣǵһһЦһܡ
˵ʲô¶üոǹǵһ
ڸոʱϹһۡƵ˻ܸߣΪǵƷƵһУ˻ģպǵ죬Ҳ֪ΪʲôƵ˻ȻôĲ
һ΢΢һЦ¶Ӧ˹ˢƱһˢȥİɡ
Ȼֻ֪õһڵݣ죬ǵڶڵĿʼ
㡭ôܣ˵ʲô¶ɫҰףӶԺһ
ǲԿһ£ڵĻҵƷõ˵һ
ЧɽѾ˦Ʋ֪ˣơǡ
ȥһµʲô̰غɫ䣬Ȼ˸ף




һʮ  ɱӺ
 

һʦĿ⡣ôûʲôһ¹ǳźͳϵҲغġԣЩ˰ס
ʦ֪һεǳ˵ζʲôǾȻҪˢƱһֶԸҲͲҪˡ
ܣһεô˵ѽ΢Ҳڵ
˵һԱʽ𣿶պ˵Ҫƽô£Ӧ֪ģһεıǳŶңǣжҪȻĵֶƻ򣿺ǡǻǸǳܳˡ
΢˵ɻԷʲôˣҲΪԷǣʲô˵ʲô˵ڳϣԵǳ̰غյˡ
ģϻһĴ𸴡̰غտһۺ΢巣˵ο黹Ӱ쵽˺һ
֪һĴ𸴡ԱǲΪ롣
Ҳã΢ЦһҲ˿ǼҺһ˭۸ġ
һŵ
ܲáеļݸ̰غգȷʵǸ벻Ľ
ݵʾʽһ·˻ʸߴ68%ǣϴݸǿ
¶ʲôҪ͵𣿡̰غտ¶Ϭ
ңҲ֪ô¡¶Ҳˣ֪̰غʲôӵˡ
İëˣȦôȥˡ
㲻֪ô£ЦĿ:ãȻ㶼֪ôµĻζӦҲûɡ
Цв鵽ó֪ʱ˾ȻʱѾܹȥˡæù
һǰĿʱͺζһ档11ǰ磬ڲݵزֺһ档Ȼǰּһ档Щ˻ƣǷͬطܲɵǣطǺζļ硣
¶ǰҪͨľҲˣȻζһǣͲͨĶԾˡ
ңҺѣҸӦûʲôɣҾΪҪһôˣ𣿡¶ģûԼʲô
ǲȻǰ˻²Ųֽ˻ߴ68%ʧ˭е
ЦǴ˵ļ򵥣ǶԾ˵Ĳ򵥵Ļ˵𺦹˾棬˾Ȩ/ңʤʻܴ
ɡ̰غտڣ˵ʲô
˺ҲˣǸζһĻǳǾԲˡ
ǣܣڳôûйҲпͣööƷһƵģҵҵҲܸߣ㲻ҡ
¶ˣݹݹ˵Ҫ
ǰô꣬Ĺ𣿡
̰غߣڰ֣ͷ̻¶أ޶ԡ
˵ôϸǶûеʲô𣿡
ɢ󣬺һڳ̰غյİ칫
ϸϸ⣬ǵߡζʲô֪ܲ¶һ𲻹ǶңԺ΢巣ǳǳ϶Ǻ¡
֮Ĺϵ۸ӣϵҲﻹиָĺ
ڣζ֣ҪлʲôŲ飬ǻѰ졣
ԭһΪΪءһͷ֪Ϊʲô̰غջôˡ
ɵϵȻҲΪ㣬Ҳȫԭ򡣾ǹһҲɱӺ˶⵽жҪ˭۸㡣
̰غ˵ţʲôЦ30˲ŵһ̸ҪΪԱŮѷˣܲ
Ҿ㻹Ҫһ΢巡һ̧ͷĿ
ţ̰غü
Ϊ˶һģǲһģ˼ҲôΪԹ΢巵Ҳڹ㣬Ҫǳŵһ϶ҪȰѳɽˡ
﹤һǷˣʵϸǳŵûкܶһЩСĺ֮⣬Ҳûд˵еĹϵС
˵е̰غյͷ޳ɺһĿ
ôģ
ˣֻڳϵڲҲȫҵġ
ǸСɵϣ뵽ʵˣȥҲΪ͹۵ԭ
ԭ뵽ѽһƲ죬ΪԼܴء




һʮ  ȥ
 

ζĿʵԣҪŸƷòɹ
ԭǳǰͷӾͺܲĿǿԶȲϹǰߡ
΢ҪĿʱͶʽҲ٣֮ǰ飬ͷǶĿĶ顣
Ҳϲ΢úһԣһεĿɹһãǵ󣬺пܺ΢Ҳסһ
΢巣ҲѱζľȺ΢ʧȥͷǵ֮Ϳ취ȡ֮
һͷһ£˵ĻζԻǮߵȼСʱ˻Ҳ˰
ΪʲôҪôż˻ѵǡҪǮ
뵽һ৵һվȥҺ΢巡΢Ҳڰ칫֪ζԺûʲôӣ϶ҳһѵû뵽ÿһεжֱָġ
һôˣһһ̣΢巻ͦȣǺһȥϰӰɡ
ôѵʱӦúͳ̰غһ
ͻȻһ飬ñ˵˵͹ˣңҲʲôʱԻߣ
һһˮӳϹȷʵҪһЩ
ҲãֱӴ򳵣ʱǸ߷ڣҲ򲻵
㣬ʲôҲڵ绰˵ģûҪܹңڲǺұһôߣ
΢һ˵һ߳һֽݸ
ΪҺһԲ̰غպĹϵʲô˼ҶֻǵĹϵ
ȿĹ֮ġԣΪһŲ﹤
ҿɲңҵʾһ³̰غգȻҿǲ𡣵ʱҪˣһǵùԹԵİ㽻ȥ
΢ЦЦüģ̫ˣûúϢ
ֻжԺһЩ˵ʱ򣬲Щ
ˣ˵°ɡȥһ£ҾúζǸʱ˻̫ˡ
Ҳһֻ֣ҪǸһ¶õǸʱ˻Σգ֮ǰĲֶʧܡ
ɺζ컹޷˵˻ˣ˵ǽҲһСʱͰ½½˻
ҵûһ˵ȷʵǡô붼úζ첻ôͿǣѵбͼ
룬ǲǼҪǮʲôǻǵúúע
ܹһǮġһ΢ͻȻʲôһһ
ߣȥط˵ţ΢һѽ첽߳ȥ
һΧĻôȥĵط
ߵСûǴĻЩ˶ҪôڱҪôֱڿԿޱȸ߼ĹԢﰡ
һ㼶ĸߵС˭΢巴źһС¥µĿ
һ̲סʵǻֱӽȥҵġ
ѩסʱҪ¥һСʱ
΢˵ţеĲ˵ݸ˺һԼϲĶ
ѩ΢ô֪ģ
֪֮󣬾˶źζ죬˺þòŷֵġܹú΢巷ܲһеˣѩҲû˭ˡ
ܺζô΢巶òѩһݸ飬ִ̫ˣѩһڸﶼǷӣ
ʲôһǲ̫ףҵˣ
ҵĹ۲죬ζѩǹѩ˵֪Ϊʲôζ첻һе˻ء
΢巳ЦЦ¶ģļġ
һͷѩĵкζ졣
֪˶ãѩȻˣڵ״̬Ǻܺá
ֻ˵ױŰɣǰȫױҲû黯ױ
Ͼѩǵָأʱ԰ͻؼָء
ѩ֮󣬾ʹڴߵĽԱ˿ʱ˵лл
úһòĿ࿴ǿּҴСѩʲôʱû˵ʱԷԱ˵ллˣ
֪˶ãζŶ룬ѩ˵˼仰֮󣬾ʹ뿪
ߣȥ΢˵ţźһָȥ
һ·źζĳӣǵȥһǳˮɽׯ
ǳˮ壿΢΢΢üóֻһ¡
졭΢巾ǳˮ治ǳֲúζҪǮԺһĹ󰡡
㿴΢巽еֻݸһһһۣȻǺܹ󣬲
ǮûУ϶б;




һʮ  ʦּ
 

һţּһһǮѩһԣǳˮԺôҲǺζһ˸ġ
˵ҲеҺ˶Ȼ·ˣ
˼죬΢ֱ̫ϲһˣǶı֮ġ
㷢ʲôˣǳˮ忴ͦãûʲôͻˡ
ȥ˵һʦ˵ǿԺͺ幵ʦѩ绤
⵹ǲ⣬Ͼζ˭ѩϴ
ܹͺ广ʦǼڷϵǺӦòּ֮ͽɡ
һһ£̷Ӧ벻ζѩȻ˵ĳģҲһ֡
˵Ĳ˵ƷôԺؼҶҲһ㣬ҲΪˣַͨʽͷأؼ֤ʲôɡ
ǲô˵Ǻͼҽ̳ˣԸе鷳
Ǳô˵һҲЩţĲöԸʱѩˣĲȥ롣
˵˺鷳ڷⷽ츳̫ɣƷ治̫áԺؼҵ˼һʱ䣬ܸܲĹܸĹĻͻԺؼ֪֪ˡ
ô˵ⶼһֵ顣
û¶ͺáһҡҡͷǶôãôȥѾˡܲӮɡ
Ȼô˵һЩƲֵġ̰غտҲ֪ȥο
ҪҪſ֣˵Ůѹʱ򣬾ϲ˱š
һͷһͷ˽Ļ
ҾǵģҲܸһÿһ뵽һԼһʧܵĸס
幺˵ʦܡһεİӣеѶȵġ
幵ʦ𣿡һӵˣ˵Ǻ幵ʦܵĻʵһ
˶ԳǺ幵ʦܵģǺؼҽ̳ѧҲԣֻЩһˣô˵
õģ㲻ܶѩķѣҲܡ
̰غҲЩΣϾףЩ²˵㡣
ûϵôҶܡֻǾöԲྲྀѣô࣬ȴòӦеĳͷ
˵ལһЩ𡣴СͲེܸõԼ롣
ò׻عˣòúһЩܵ˺һ֮ڣ˺
֪ʲôҲԲԺһòã̰غοһֱûи˵ĺܸлΪһӣѺӽ̵ôãô¡
áһͷһһļңһĳɳĻ
ʱ÷ɿ죬û죬ѩܰĿͥӡ
ҲǺһһοǸζ컨ǮǸʦ
˵κ֮ǰؼүһֽ̳˶ʿ
Ѿˣ˵ҵˡʱ򣬺ؼүûѡ
үүôܻỹѡǲ֪˵үүһЩʲô飬ðǿԱĲΪүүļԣʧȥԼȥġ
ԣ֪жôǺؼңǶŸɣҲǲɡ
ʵôһͺ£ʱĻѩ˵һûС
İɣЩѣҲóѡ广һκķ
ɲɣԷʱҲڿڶԼǸκһҲš
Ȼ̧Ȳسͣ˺幵ǰ΢΢һЦ
ʦ֣þòǽּˣɰȻ˵ʺãʵսɡ
ɣ㲻һֱ׷ǺҵĽŲ𣿡΢΢˲ⷽ棬˵ڶû˸ǰƵһ
Ȼһκ鴤˼£ŬסԼԼ
ʦֻǺǰ緢ǲ֪Թڵķм˽أ֪ΪʲôؼôҪܵȥ顣ǹȽԲɣʦ˵أ
κҲʾҲ𴽽Ƿ̺幣ѧɶܵˣһֱԼǰʿؼҲ֡
ʲôϵ˵ǲʿʿˮƽһ𣿿ҼĲʿ񶼱Ըôһ㡣
һȥվ¶΢Цκ
λСǡκһʱ¶֮ɫ




һʮ  
 

κĴ̰غüЩõİѺһԼߡ
ԭǺһ̰غյĶκȻܹó̰غڹڳôŵŮˣҲֻкһ˰ɡ
ȻǸˣֲϲҲϲңҲϲһ㶼ȵĿһֱںһϡ
һЩܣ̰غյŭҲȼ
ǸˣһҿվĶ档һΣһվͬһߵġʦ֣ˣǡԺ
˵κתڳ̰غջûб֮ǰˡ
Ǹˣ֪ʱṵ̆غûʲô³Ҳ͵㵽Ϊֹߣõġ
ޣΪڷɽQáߣһ˵Ʒ⣬ô緢һӻĬĬŵسȥ
ˣ㲻̫ġС󣬲
һ֣һº幣ӦǺİɡ
ҪǷǰӿ϶һ٣幻ȭͷǰûô
һʲôô𣿡̰غһļ:ɽӦòһʲô˵Ĵڡ
ԣݻѷǰĿڴǰǸʱΪʲôʦʵҲһ¹ްˡ
ŰɣһÿǲǰݣǣҪݻԴһʱ䡣ԼԼＸʱ֡
κȷʵǿġԼвŻ츳Ǻͼүȴ˵ʲôƷУӱ޳
ǣǹۿ˵ǿҵĳ𡣡κЦȻҪһһĽؼұƵҲһڵײֲѵʹࡣ
ּͥôܻῴĳҾͲһˡҾϲвŻˡֻҪвŻΪãҵѡ
ζЦļ:һͦ㵽ʲôúүֱӰӱ޳ġ
үӲֲˣڷɽһҲܸУǺζ춼òϵĵط
ҽһӣӮ˹˾ͽӵ֪ͨˡҺҲ֪ˣ˼ҵǮΪ˼Ұ£ⲻ쾭𣿺ؼҡʲôƨ
飡κеľƱݺˤڵϣɽķѡ
ζ˳ӣҲգļ
Ը˵ҿԸõİ㡣
һǿ/һŮѧе֤ȷʵȷġΣҵҡ绤Ϊ˸Ҽҹ˲һ£ҴӮˡ
κ뵽Щʧأֽһƿֱӵ
ΪҴӮⳡ˾ǻῴҵжôǿ󡣿û뵽үȻֱӡ
˵ţκٴιһھ:˵ҵ°ܻҽڣǲҵ
ζṴ𴽽ǣãЩǮûа׻Ҷˡ
ͳκԺؼôĵ⣬ԺһܹΪãڷɽҲûˡ
˭أϲվڵµƸߵȥˣҲ̫ģ鶼ȥˡǵĺϷſ𣿡
ζЦţӦúúллǸΪκˡ
Ż׼ӵĺ幣ЩۡЩ并ٴһ㣬ûмôľȥ׼һӡ
һεİӺܼʵǲܸѩ̰غ˽ҲŹģԲôġ
Ҳﲻѧƣܹ߰һĵ֮⣬Ҳﲻʲô
㲻ҡͷ:ⲻǳ̰غպͺζѩ֮սҲǺؼҺκ֮ս
ԣȫԸһҪӮһ˾ǲѩҲҪκѹƵĲС
ҿ԰ʲô𣿡Ҳ֪µ壬Ļ̫ȻǴ󸻴ȴҲúܺá
ãչ˺ԼУʱ䡭ܲˡҡҡͷôܰõ
ðɣÿ춼㣿ͷҲԼΪĺȡ
ã㲻ͦæģҲܰʲôæҡҡͷ⼸æ˴š
һ£ͷ:ðɣæɣæ꣬ٴȥԺóԵġ
ãҼԣЦһ
ţôûȹӣ




168~169 㲻뿴
 

㲻ģϲġһЦŽͣﱧŵʳϤǰ档
ʶˣԶһЩһ΢΢һ㶣Ц͵ûСһ㡣
ôˣƲ֣ϲĴ/Ƭһ˵ţ˺һݸ
һۣҡҡͷûһȥӡ
ţҪ𣿡һЩʧ䣬ͷеƬǰҲҪġ
ҪǼһԼԶ䣬֣Ƭù
һͷƬӣ̾˿еƬù
ˣԾͲˣʲô𣿺ѳˣ
һҲ뿴ǿԼʵǲԣǾͲˡ
ǣǡһìܡҪǺ幾֪ˣҲˣҲ绰
һȻѹ黳̫ˣҲ˵Сѹϣ֪֪鷳
ҪǲĻԺ˵˵ġһЩǿЦЦûмĵǰĵ󣬻ÿɰԶǿĵġ
ڡո̸ʱһȷʵǿ۵СŮģûһ£ô͡
ҲǳܣԼˣҲ֪ô˵ﲻ̫̰˰ɡ
̫̰ں΢巿ǣǾúв
вΪʲôһ춼ûϵ
ҵŶ˾ڷԺſڣһĺ幵ļ
ڳ߹Ĳǵͺ΢˭
幻ͷһЦݽסˣϴŵģǺɫȹӡ
һۺ΢巣ߺָĿź幣õ·ġ
Ҫߺ幣ǵ󣬲˭Ʒңͬ
Ÿ㲻֪һڵߵ
һһЩ˼һڿɻһĶԵõģʶȤ㣬Ǹ˼Ұӡ
ѣ˵ⳡ˾òѩûǣ˵ڹ˾ϸݺݵشκ
ѩأǿƽо¡
¾°ɣһҲˣ׼ˡ
ôˣҲ֪˵ʲôʵ΢˵ò󴩺ɫÿġ
ң棬ã񶼿Կõ߹ȥվǰ
ô˵ٴʧǲһ㶼뿴
ҡƽߴߴĵһ˲Ȼһ仰˵֪ô졣
ô˵ģ㲻뿴Ǽҵ𣿡΢һô˵ģ
ǣЩϲÿ΢΢һЦÿǺÿɲ֪ΪʲôЩһˣﲻһҲ˵鲻á
Ҿ˵ǼСﴩɫÿǲţôţŽҵĻ˰ɡ
΢ߣҲʲôģȻ۹⡣
ţÿ幵ͷ⼸춼ûʵҲͦġ
ˣÿǾȥԼɣҺһҼұúྡ
΢˵ţߵһߣһѱ
ལ벻Ưѽ΢֣һ
롣ཱུͷȡ
ۣ̫ɰˣýס
Ҫ˼ұˣ㣬ߡЩĿһۣŵˡ
Ҫܰ΢巳ıӰһۣ˺ǣҪǲúöԵԺɡ
һûвѩ飬ȴҲֻǿȥԺƶѡ
΢ﶼЩ˵Ϊ˵ĺһˡ
ʵҲãҲǵõͷˡȻΣȥֵطֲңĹ˾ǹģⱲӡôˡ
һҡҡͷˣڵѩѾʧȥܶ࣬ǵõӦõõĳͷˡ
ǾͺãҾǲҲˡ磬òǲɣ
΢巿촽һߵĳ̰غգȥôĿİ
ţ⡣̰غյǴ󷽣ѩܵĴ̫ˡ
˼ҿҪȥҽԺµģʲô΢ƲƲ죬Ҫ棬Ըѩҵͷԡ
¡̰غ˹ӣһڳ֭
㡭΢巿ı飬׳̰غǲ׷ŹѩˣĬĬظĴָ
һǼţͻȻֺһһ㶣תͷȥ




170 Ǹ
 

ֺѩҲ󡣿һĻһЩˡ
˵ҪѩȥҽԺôֺּҸòʲôӣʲôϵȥ˰ɣ
ôȥҽԺأȺһ΢巿ɾûôˣ붼룬ǵӰ̡̳
֪ǲ뿴ǣһѩǸһҪȥˡ
ֺѩվںһǰһϹ
һһ㶣ʶĿ̰غգ˭֪ǲģȸղŸӲˡ
ǺҵǸûðһῪڣָָཡ
ܵ˺ལԣҪǸҲཱུǸңûд
һ֣һֺǰһȻ
ѩĸ磬񿴹һû
ظ飬ҷûпƺԼҵĴԲ𡣡
ѩסֺĿǣͣͣصǸ
һ΢巶ŵˣҲ̫
еĵǸܱԭ¡̰غĿڣһۡ
ڵǸʲôã֮ǰཱུʱԲ
֪Ҳֵñԭ£ԲҴˣԲ𡣡
ѩһ㶣ǼͷǸҲ֪ǲǳġ
νˣںһ˵ѾˣҲˣѩǸҲãǸҲգʵ˵ʲô顣
һΣѩѲ˵Ŀⶼע⵽ǵߣЩӦ
Ϊһ˵ѩЩΣɻֻܲͣصǸֻǼϣںһϣԿڣŹˡ
ǣһ΢ЦŲ˵֪˵ʲôԸɴ಻˵뿴ʲô˵Ļѩô졣
ѩҲ벻˵õĺһʱ˿̾ȻһԲ
ֱѾڲͣǸˣûкһֱ֮ǰľϹˡ
ѩһֺЩΪѣһԼãһǺһ
ôѩҲҪһԭ¡
һֱǸһҲȥ
ѩܣֺҲܣһܵ
ֵǸںһԣʲôǡ
ˣҲԭģ㲻ù
һѩѾ˵ѹ
ѩ·ûһ㣬Ϲͷ˿һĻ
һһվһų̰غգһ߿΢巣΢巵ͷཱ뿪
ֺ뿪ıӰһΣǺһǲѡԭˡ
ѩͷ:һ㣬ԹԴ£֪𣿡
Ҫȥֵط£ѩЩһ뵽ֵطȫǲˣͺ£Ҫ¡
ְ趼ûа취ˣĲȥѩֺӣ˳
ѩҪΪԼ¸ְۣǱߡ˵ؼҡ
ֺḧͷ⼸˺öࡣ
ѩҧ촽˵ˣӦ֪Ľʲôأ
ѩֺͶ̫ŵĹС
ûһûôཡ
ĸǲһ֪Լ˶ٴκһ˵ҪǸһܾ˺üΣƶᣬû취һֻôӦ
Ϊ˲ó̰غᣬûи˵¶ֻԼȥԼ
һߡúһеģﲻĸָҲˡ
ĸáһ߹ȥһʺá
¡ĸվǵźһ֣λϡ
ĸôһЩ˼ͻȻôЩԼˡ
ĺܶԲ㡣ĸЩΣ벻ǳһʱ䣬ھȻᷢô顣
Ҫĸ׵ģܻЩ£ֻܿѩ˺һĺӣȴΪ
ûϵҲõӦõõĳͷˡΪµĻһ̫ٶ˵
ﻹǾúܲལҲԲ㡣ĸתͷལЩ£תͷһۺһֲתͷ
̣軹׶԰ѧǰ඼̹ң˵ԩͷծི̫ΪʲôҪҵǸ
̧ͷĿĸͺһһûĸʲô
⺢ӡͻȻ䣬ĸЩӯ֪ôشСһˡ




171 ǹ
 

һʮһ²ǹ
ĸͲöһθˣ㿴Ҹѩ˾ʱҲûҺԼͺãҪͣҲҪ˭Ǹ
ĸǸиѹһѩʲôԲཱུʱܾҪ˼ĸĸܡ
ããǲ˵ˣһһ䣬ôˣ
ĸֺ״̬Ǻܺã֪Īĸֺ֪鲻ã״̬ѵԭпǳ˺һϡ
ҺѾþûˣ֪æʲôȻô˵ɺһ֪Ϊʲô棬ΪΣ֮΢̫ˡ
пտ԰ȥȻ裬ұϾͬˣҲûкܶ࣬õˡ
ĸĿźһֺֺ֪˼ԣ˽ģʹֱڣһ˺ֺйĽӴǿ˿ڡ
գһǴվ̩ŵſڡ
֪Ϊʲôʱ˿վ̫ŵſڣһȻһֻĸо
ջعʱ򣬺˿ʼı䡣ġģֺͳ̰غԽֱߵ˽졣
ֺܲԶѵʱֺ̣ůȥ磬ǰķ
ΪʲôأһЦҡҡͷЩԳҲ֪ǻ
һôվſڲȷֺһˣǳ³
³ԭҪ¥һǰ̨ԼĿͻûйģ˭֪Ϳſɵվŵĺһ
³磡³ѿһ֣ܹȥһѱסȡ
ལô³Ҳһѽһ
Ѿ˵һˣȷʵЩ꣬˭벻ѩȻ£һིݶаɣ
УǽˡȻǺһĺӡԶô¿ɰ
֪Ǽ¶ÿһ˵ǲĹȥԺͳ³ȡŪȥ
ǣǼཽöأһ㡣
Ϊּҷ̫飬³ҲҪ̫Űæûʲôȥһ
³ֺ״̬ôһ߹ȥЩ͡
³̾һ˾ߡ
˵ˣ״̬ܲáҸô꣬ҵһο⸱ĲɵģںüϣܶطҪѡ
һŵܲ˵ǴɣִͻĲɵĻ֪ô˵ءҲǹĺã򣬿Щƾϣɵĸˡ
ûк˵ΪʲôһܾòڻΪֺֿˡ
Ҳ֪ô˵һȥһ°ɣܿĵ㡣³εҡҡͷǰðһʲô¶һţڶתתߵֻʣһˡ
Ȼͳ³˵һĲɣһ칫ҵʱڷ˿ûע⵽һˡ
ܲá³̲סѣֺŷγѰ㿴ǡ
һôˣһֺ۾
㣬㶼þûȥҸˣôҸ̰غһˣͲܺ𣿡һɵһЦཱུСԴ
ǣһ㶼ཱུ㿴ྲྀ̲ˡཽﱧŵ̲ݹȥֺֺͷһ˹
ллལǸСˣֺЩжûһཻȥһཾŬ˵ԼҪȥǵΪһѾûĴˡ
ֺ䵽˵СһԼظͦؿڣС
ߣǵȻҺལѾˣҳģرǺںģ
ཱུĻһֺһ£ཾȻѾ˴
ֺһѰĻش
һ˼ЦЦལ󷽷Ŀֺ
ǰ̫үүȡ֣Ҳͦõģھ֡
ҪſԸϻ
Һڻ˽Ľ׶Σչ˳Ҳһļҡһʵ̫ᵽЩģֺ֪Լ˼ǰЩĿһ
Ҷ֪¡ֺԳЦЦÿ࣬е̲趼ء
Բ𰡣ҲҪģֻҲ˵




172 
 

ֺҡҡͷʲôҪһһЩء
ûϵҲ̫æˣûȥǡһԶѣ𣿡
ֺңżҪȷʲôһ㡣
԰һ΢㶣ôͻȻ
ǾͺãҿҪȥһ¡µʱһͲǵˡֺЦЦҡҡͷ
񾭣С֣һֺ
塣ǿļ𣿲һ£һ趼ǵģңһǵùЩСأݣȣ˹ЩСҶأһ¾ѽ
ི̫⣬Ҳֵֺֹģһ㶼ǰ
ѣҵȻǵ㣬㲻ȥһ¶
һҲֺĲ̫ԾҲҲʡ
˵ġֺҡҡͷٶ˵
ֺԸ˵һҲһҲˣģҲ̫ܰࡣ
ǴӦģԸְֽȥų̰غգǳ̰غ˹߻Դסһ֪ҪԴףҪᣬǻ粻֪ĺá
Æ£㶼ҺöˣҲˡ֪Сµģȥ塣
ߣֲһġ
ѾҼסһŷ
պòã˳̰غյĳӵʱ򰡡
ǳȥԺòãһӭЦ档
ȥԣ˵𣿡̰غüԼõľڼҳԵġ
ʱˣҸոպཱིȥһȦûüⲻæһ
һĸ첲ǽͰ̰غһͷ
ҲãǾͳȥ԰ɡ
һĵĵͷལһȥ
ΪʱȥҲûжòаᣬǳڲʱǷ㣬˲˵Ŀ⡣
ǲǺһ̰غ𣿡
ǻ˭㿴ǲǵĶǰ֪ȻǳֲѩһƵġ
ʵҾúһ̫˵㣬̫Ļ˰ɣȻľͻ˳̰غյĺӣ˼ôĻǲúλġ
ͻȻеͬѩ㿴ôã涼ô㣬ȻƳ˷ӡ
⼸һǲԶǵ˽һǻõġ
ǶûϹ׶԰׶԰ʦûнǲڱ˵ı˵˵Ļ𣿡ԭһģʲôʱ򶼻Уٶѡ
û뵽ȴǸϰݵȻ̰غձڻſļϣȴޱȵϬ
˵費áĵȵ衣þͲÿͷôʲô˵ǲöˡ
ȫĽ㣬һڣǰ˵Ŀֱ
ҡǼɫͨ죬仰˵ҪֻེͺһҲˣǻҿڻؼ䡣
ǵվһĳ̰غգôҿڣ
ˣǸϽߡҪǣǲ֪һȥ̫ţǲ𡣡
Ǽ˽ϽʰƵ뿪
һһʶĿ̰غգǼ˵һ仰
ȥ̫ţûи³̰غջ
ޱģ̰غձ߽Ǹնõİ
ȫúһ㵥ོвˣǻࡣ
ԵΪһŷĲûм仰ƽ̫һˡ
̰غյȻ䣬˺ݻ࣬ԴǾһԺǰǲٵġ
Ա𣿡̰غռûʲôһͣ¿ӣſ
ǲǲģӦǾ仰˰ɡ
Щ˿Ų̫ŵԱô֪ȥģ
Ҹ˵㲻Ҫֺ̫Ȼ͵͵ȥˣ㲻ҽһղŲΪ˵ĻǲǾͲˣ
ֵԴ±øϣһĲϡ
ңҲǹⲻġԴףᣬҲûи㡣
һһοôģŵЩ֪룬ΪⲻǺܴģǳȥ˸ѣûҪ
ΪҳԴᣬͿԲ𣿡̰غղû裬ﶼʲô




173 ǳǵ
 

ҲֻȥһһҲûҪ˵ɣҲԼҲԼȦҲΪһͲҪ˰ɣ
һЩЦ̰غջû뵽ôôͲˡ
ֺͨѣǣͨѣͨѵĻõô𣿶ңֺѾǰֺˣ
ͨѣͨĺѣ˵𣿡һЩΣҲϲ̰غڶ̬ȡ
ڵֺѾǰֺˣͲһҵĻ𣿡
̰غҲӦԼ̬ȺǺܺãŬѹԼŭ𣬺úú˵
ôͲǰֺˣһˣȥֺͦ
֪Ѿǳֹ𣿡Ϊֹǧ
ҵϵ飬㲻Ҫʲôֵѧ֪ôһ⡣Ѿ˵ˡûϲֻϲ㣬㻹㻹ܷ𣿡
һίѾ֤ˣһֻг̰غһˣȷʵҲֻ̰غһΪʲôֳĵôȫأ
ҵˣն񡣽ѣҲǵˡͻȻ̰غվ˵ٶ඼ûһôܻ
֪ҴˣҽǴӦֲĸҪ棬Ϊĸȥһºڵ״̬ڵ״̬ܲãҲŻȥһġᣬҲûи㡣
һ̰غղĵʲô˲ˣֱȫ˵˳
㿴״̬ôˣ˵״̬һſԵùô죿Ҹһ𣿡
ֲʥĸôܺԼ鲻ˣ
ôô˵һίˣñģû޳
ι˵ҪͳǱްҲҪ̫ӰҳԷͻȻڷһߵƵĿڣ̸˾鷳һС¾ͽų̫ˡ
㡭
㡭
̰غպͺһһۣͻȻЦ˳СһǻỵΧ
㰡һ֣һС
̫ˣⶼܳˡ
СƵҡҡͷû°͵͵ȥֺʲôûʲôһһ̫żɵӡ
һȥ壬ΪİǺܶࡣûг֮ǰѴȥ˼ҵģǶȥ˼ҡڶͲӦҲҪ̫šԴԴף岻ͺǵøҰϺã
ཱི̾һԺҰ̸ְ͡
Ҳ֪ȥ𣿡̰غѾˣཱུ֣ϺùϸĸӰ
ǲǷϻҾҲ̫С˰ɣôϾһȥ壬ͻǹһҪܰǹܵĻ˲㣬ҾҲճˡ
ô򵥵飬˸ǵðôӣ
˵ĶԣҲáһǸ̰غ˵ţеϺιһһЦԹ졣
ιСĹĵĿǡ
ҪҪ̫˰ϺҵģϺˣΪǸأ
һͳ̰غӶЦ˽һ񣬳̰غձ㽫ϺŻǰ
ӺɷԼ
ཱིǷ˸ۣ֤һһǳˣ̫ˣʵ̫ˣ
һһǱߣ̰غջڸһвˣ̧ͷǣţҲһĵĳų̰غոеĲˣͻȻԼĲ
ߡСһСƢˣְ̫ˣС
ǲҪǰòãոջǰأҪң̫ˡǲǶˣǰ˵ཱུġ
Сһ΢һͳ̰غתͷһһС
ɵӣˡ˵ţһһڣ̰غճ˳Ҳѿչȥ
ҲҪ
ཱĵĿС죬Сƿ
ҪҵģղŲǻôҪˣƱ䡣
غգղšԲҲãĺֺܿѣ˵̫̫࣬ԡ
ţ˵ˣ㣬ҲȦǣԺҪȥɲԸһֺѾˣֺѩһ벻




174 
 

գһǵͷӦҲÿζҪΪֺͳ̰غֲ졣
Ǻ΢ֹס²ۣ˵ʲôҲֻкһôų̰غգ̰غվռ̫ǿ̲˺һԱôһ㡣
ԺҪǳˣԼ㳡㳡˵Ҫ˼Ҵ·ǳ̰غǲҪ
΢已ûڴϴһҪݺݵЦһ³̰غռǿļһ
ǲһɣӦòһͻȻЩ£òĻɣ
㿴㿴Լȷ԰㲻Ҫ̫ˣ軵ġ
ľǾԲԳ̫֡
ź΢˵Щһתͷһ֪ں˵ʲôĳ̰غգ֪Ҫ΢ô˵Ļ顣
Ȼ˺һǿ϶֪ġ
ҲһĻҪˣǰȥֺ㶼֪ĸҷˣҪڣҶ֪Ҫôճ
һʱĳһĲûڣҪͳ̰غôദȥ˵˭ȵͷ
ˡǳӲ㲻̫ͺá
˵ӱ磬΢һһģңԲĴ
֪ˣͲõ̫࣬˵磡һͦ棬̰غպͺ΢ôദȥġ
Ǻǻ࿴˭˳۵İɣһѲҲǻദ
С΢:ǱүӳңҲô
үڣ˭ôǰ̰غ˭˭ĻΨүӸ˵Ļýȥ
ԣҲΪʲôԸѩԭɡ
ڳ̰غյүΨһѪˣкһˣҲһЩ
΢巣ʵһֱ֪ĸʲôġ
ֻ֪˵ǳ¹ʣ˫˫ʣ̰غգҲôǣǺҲûʲôӡˡ
˾˾ǱǴӶȼٴ·ϰģҾ˾˾ǺܺõˣǻŵĻһҲϲ㡣ڳ̼Ҹĸ΢巾Լ˵̫ࡣҪǻҪ̰غԼͺһ˵
ʲôʱ򣿡ôһΪԼڴڵǷᣬӦòֲǡ
ұʱɣǸʱ˼Һ˵ְԺ󶼲ˣ˵һᶼûǼÿ춼ǵƬ簲
һرǿСӣǵ˺ҪȥеʱŸĵϰߵġ
ã֪ˣлл㣬ôôգһ˵꣬˵绰ֻߵ˵̰غյıϡ
ôˣ̰غջͷסֱ
ܲܲҪǰŰס˫ۣ̫ˣʱ޿̵ŰڻСء
ǹ𣿡һ֣һССӡ
ϵϵСͻȻСȣ˵Ҳǻ
˵ɣͻȻôȣǲʲôͼһ̫˽ˣȣһͼġ
ֱ֪ˣ裬˼ҿɲȥۡСĵĿźһ
ţȥ棿ȥ棿
˼ѧǰ֯ΣСɰҲȥҪȥ졭裬㲻ȥѽ
һ֣ҡҡλεҲȥ棬̫ϲڵѧǰͬѧˣÿһ˶ܺã׶԰Щ
ҪȥΣôûи˵ۣʲôʱȥѽһüǰȥֻģ֪ôôϲ
ȥڲǺཾСͣٴҡźһ֡
ҪȥڲŸ˵ѽͲ鲻ȥ𣿡
죬һ׼ûУླྀòʱҪȥİɡ
ѽ˼ⲻʱ裬˵ɲѽ̧Сϣ۾Ҳڴ
һҪ裬ȻĻ趼ûа취úüƻšһͷû취ҪܣֿཽɳĻ
֮ǰǲ֪СɰҲҪȥȻҲرȥȻҾÿκȤҲڼ衣
һЦ֪ˡཾֵ˱˻Եĺӡ
˭˵ȥģȥˣֻҲʵĻ˵ѡ
ã˵ʲôеһȥɣҪ׼ʲô𣿡ȥΣʲôɡ
ҿԸСɰһ
ߣһһôߵСһ
Ҫʲô
ŮӶرϲëߡ֣Ȼһ¡




175 жϷ
 

ȥεǰһ죬̰غ˺ܾã˵ʲôҪȥΣһϲǾǲһԷһҪС
ڼ˳һ˵ʲôҪȥһס֮ģһҲûзϣȻǻĥڼ䣬ϣǷֿġ
ûа㡣ҪճãСѾЩͷⶼǰ˶ٸˣ˵ʲôǣǲȥذɡ
ҵģôˡ̰غձΪһҪ鲻ãڣӲˡ
ޣǶûн飬ô˵أ軹ҵġིͷСֲ
Ҿճô죿Ҫù𣿡
ȻСһҪ͸ɴСһ￴˭
㣬Ҫå󻵵쵰Сһ֪Լ϶Ӯ˳̰غյģֻĹС
ˣ߰ɡһЩεƿཱུС֡
ðɣķҾͷŹһ֮ǰСһﻹҪһݻ
עⰲȫ˭֪̰غѹûֱӳźһЦЦ
㡭ཻ˵ʲôȴһһֱˡ
һôɣȥ컹ҪҪȥˣ
ò˵һԼѡѧУǺġѡĵطȻԶҲ̣ǣȷʵúýӴȻĵط
ڵľĻǶô졣
ľ඼İҶغˮҪǰҲܺãвٵҰ֦ͷ
ҺϲﰡСһһ³ĵܵǰſ˫֣һΪʲôô
ڹʱûпմȥ棬ȥӵȻع󣬸ڸֽˮܵô˺
˵ǰũķˣԾͳǶھЦֵʱ򣬺һߴһȵǽƬɽֵ
һתͷȥӦһݲһ˰ɡ
Ȼڿ˵ѰļҳûʲôϵĴźֱȴ
Ҷ֪ԭôһƬطԺǿԹҰˡмҳĻĸ͡
ҰͲ֪ɲԣϾ̫ԶˣмڡҪСʱŵֻͨգﻹʮӳʱҲҪˡ
ҲЩԶˣܹһǺ⣬һǻ˺ǵķֵطλ˧磬Һĸѽ
ţůůָһ¶ůɫʮᡣ
һ˳ָķ򿴹ȥǲںҺֵСŮ
ѲŮϲСŮ
ְ֡ŮתĵسԼĸ׻С֣һཡ
㿴ǾҰְ֣Ұְǲر˧ԺǲҲһ˧ҪԺһ˧Ҿͼ޸㣡
СŮ˵ûаڵ˼ڳļҳʦǶõ˲䣬ȺﴫЦ
ԭСůİְѽҺ̫ɰˡʦ߹΢Цſ䵽
ɰǿɰʲôʱˣůİְҡҡͷԼСﶼûأôҪ˹أ
ѧУҲܻӭˣرŮӵĻӭʦһལôɰĺӣվһҲܵǶ԰
ལ֣һ¡
λĸףС㡣ʦָָһΪǽܡ
ãҵĺӣڼҵʱСůţȻһûҸˣུǶʮҪȥСŮ
һȻʶģúһһ¡
ʶң
ʶҸ̰غѣҺӵĴгɣ
ЦЦôܲʶңͳ̼һ졣
ǣһסˣԷôʲô֪һ
ҽжϷиãжġϷ֣֡
һסˣģǸŮӡǸң
ԭǶĵĸ磬СůŮѽһЩ˵ΪǼ֮ͳ̼Ҿûʲôϵˣû뵽Ȼֳ˶ҵˡ
Ѿ˵ˣͦģȻͬһȦˡ
ϷЦ˫²ؿڴ
治֪СůŮû뵽ŮôˡΪϷЩһûء
̰غղҲ𣬲ӶŮˡϷЦ˾һֺĶ




176 þò
 

⡭ӵûơһ˵ˣغཱུ֪ĴڣҲǽڲ֪ġһҡҡͷϣó̰غձڹ
ʵ˵ڲЩô˵һҲ»Ĵ
ĳַ˵Ӧ˽ཡֻ˵Ǹʱ̫ˡΪԺúõһ鵽ԼȥΪֹ
˭֪û꣬Żعʱ䣬е˶ཱུ֪
仰˵ĳЩ˿ȷʵǸĻ滣̰غཱུ֪ĴȷʵҲòô˵ϣ
ǳ̰غҲ׬ˡСůؼҺ˵ӺȤ̵ĺܺãһӸ
ϷЦ˵ģҲԺиӣܺҲҸˡ
ȷʵǸѵõĺӣȺܶຢӶнִ硣
ҵûиô˵һҡҡͷûʲôͲ͵ģ͸ȹһһεѹء
ˣҪĻཾͲˡϷЦ̫˽̰غˡ
ţΪʲôô˵һף̰غտȥͦϲСӵİ
ΪͥԭʵǺϲӣңһֱҪԼʮŽ飬Ҫܵ˵Ǹ⡣
£ҿͦϲཱུġһ𾪣ɣڶʵ衣ིô
ﰵླָྀҪԴǸ֮󣬶ཱུ֪Ļľֶ˶ˣҲǼཿ˾
ҪճÿĩҪཱིȥ棬Ȼ϶ôĩʱûп̰غգҲʺһ̰غʲôʱǲæʲô
֮ǸǱŤŤˣǰġ
ɲǰеʱ;˵Ҫʮ飬СӣǳȥСʱһԺһ죡
ϷĲţǸʱĳ̰غվġ
ΪʲôǸ˵Ҫ飿
ǰǣڹƲˡϷźһҲǵ˰ˡ
˵ҶþûмˡǼȥô꣬Ҳôû棬Ŷûм棬ڲƾƾƵϱ߻ǻᾭг̰غյϢ
ҪҪҪǱһ£һ룬Ϸһ£ͷʾͬ⡣
һŶϷؼҵʱ򣬰˶סˡ
պ壬Щ¾ܵ˺һ˵Ҫһһϲ˭֪Ǻһླྀһš
ţ⡭΢ȷӦվŵĿŶη
Ϸ𣿡ҲţҲˡ
ϷǺþûмˣôͻȻźһˣ
ཱུͬѧİְ֣˵ʶͣô⣿
һͦƣôǾԼһ˵֪Ϸ
ҲǾý壬ིҲҪ˵ٷ˭֪⡭⡭΢巽ͣһȥĶϷ
㰡ΣǺþöûмˡ
΢已˳ǻǰôãȴôżһ档
ңЩ궼ûǣеⲻȥϷЩ˼ЦЦҲΪǼ£һҶǰϵԲŻôû档
Ҳ֪˼㶼֪ж㡣۾ҲЩˣ߹ȥĶϷļ
ǣһˣҸϷ̬ǲȥô꣬ʵˡ
ǿǺѡ幵ϷЦı˱
ˣΣŮôˣǲȢˣ΢巵ͷΪİ˺߶Ķů
ţҺŮСůϷͷֽӱ
ң˵ʲôԺҪ޸ཡ仰̰غ˵ġ
ĶСɰ̰غմվںһߵཡ
ѽСɰرɰ˵ţ̧ͷͶůӶЦů˲ͮͮģȻĿɰ
СС;ѧŰˣ³ü߹ȥһѽСһﱧ
Ҫһ𣿡Сһﲻ:㿴û̸ˣ并еˣ㣬ǵ
ŮˣཱུĻһڣϷһ£תͷ幣һʱ֮䣬պΡ




177 ɿ˵
 

ɫЩ̫Ȼԥһߵ˵ǰӲ۵Ľ
⡭ģϷ۾ţôܣѾˣʮ˰
վǰˣǶģ˭һģһ
ϷӣŮ
ʵ̫ˣ۾ͣ飬ͶһģһǡȶĻÿܶࡣ
ģЩ֣˭ʶҡҲй֡
ˣ֪ʲôЩŵס˺幵֣ҲһԼ֡
΢ɫһ߹ȥЩ޲ߵĵصվڶϷǰ
ϴǵ󣬲ģ˼Ҳ22꣬ôҲ˵28˰ɡ
΢кģĵ֪ܲˡ
ԡϷ̷ӦЦͷ֪ôһˡ
̫ˣǵĵģˣͬ͵ŮӾΪģĿûôƯ¡
Ϸ˵ţһȡݸ
ϴˣ˼СС񣬻ϣ㲻Ҫ
֪ô죬ֻкõģŮһˣŮӵĶӦʲôģ£˲õĶ
ǸﶼվѽѽһҲ˵ԥ̿ڴ
ǰǰҸոջϴˮɣվźΰ΢Ҳ̷ϣ˼ҪⲻͬѰա
°ɡ֪һʲô̰غҲ̰غնˣתƻ⣬
ֻǡһۺԱߵĿλûйȥǸźһ˳Ǳߡ
ǿʽģӿҲԿõһһ
ôˣһЩ˿ǵװڵͷϴˮ
ǣǲ֪ʲôҡ۾ЩģƽʱҶ˵ûûΣûûΣ෴رС
Ҳ֪Ӧô˵Լʺ幰ɣúһ𲻿ˣͲҪǿԼ
һתͷЩۣôõŮӣ֪ĻǸöġ
Ǿ𣿳ǣ֪ˣĲ֪ô죬һҺһ춼ûҡҿг̣Ǽȥ˶ĹءУȥҵʱҽ¥һ䡭
Ҫ̲סˣѾʣ˵ȥֻҪ޳ˡ
㡭ȱѹкܶڣɣһҽȥ鷿úõһ״̬òã
һͷǼȻʵȴڿߵ
ͷסᣬһ̬¶һЦݡ
غաһͷһ̰غգ̰غպ߹
ˮùȥǺòãҺ͵ȥϣལ㲻˵Ҫȳ֭ȥòã
һһ£ǳȥ߱ȽϺãȻĻôˣǶֵĲԾ
Ŷʮ꣬ǲڱǰͣܵչһ
ѽѽҾͲһȥˣ˼Сɰһ档һЦ
ǽתƵӵϵʱ򣬺һѾŵˡ
ǣ̲סˣոɿҵ֣ҡֳ£һȴɿ֡
һͷʾ⣬ǿ˵ѹһݰɡ
Ҳ֪ʲô׷ҵģƶ׷ҡҺһֺ֮ôϲҡ
˳棬ҲùôࡣںһʱҪŲһѿҪƴš
ްɿްɣûµģֶ㻹ǺúúͨɡһҲ֪˵ʲô幵飬Ҳ̫΢˵ġ
ںԼô룬˵ʵҲ̫
Ҳ֪ҪôúùͨҶ֪ʲôǿе˭УΪʲôһᵽ֣Ϊʲô΢巺ͺ幻жϷıô֣Щ֪
ܲ˵أһͻȻˣº幺͵᲻ôˡ
Ҿ뿪ͷҲص뿪ȻСǶԸ飬һģĸ飬ҪҲգ
ˣȿһɣһƿˮһ۾ȥһᷢ֡
ʱô࣬ѽˡ
ͷứµ̫ѹˣҲ̫ίˡ
ǣڡ




178 ǵԼ
 

ǻȥʱ򣬵Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ѾʲôԾ
û°ɣҵᣬ΢Ƶһʵ
û£úܶˣǡĵסˡһҡҡͷھµʱ֪ˣĻݾҪ֡
סס£ǳҪ֪ġ΢巵ûʲôסҲϱûв͸ǽҺ幵ļһﻹô£ҪǵĺһˣҲǻá
ҿ״̬Ǻܺãµʱʲô飬幾ҪҲزˡһǵģ̫ˣ幻ĳ
񾭣ô㿴ģǵһҶò֡
Ҫǵֲúúͱһ𣬾Ǹ޵
ˣȿŰɡô࣬Ҳֹ̫ࡣ
ھڿţůϲҪཱུϷС
ƺҲԺ幣Ҳźȥͯľˡ
ŮѣĵģϷͺ΢巵һҲºɵ¡
ĵһһ𣿡幹Ц
Ǹղɿ֡ϷһҲҲʵʵ˵Ǻȹֵġ
ȥôãҲϣԼĺܹȴԼãȥ
ҡ干֪ôشղȷʵʶķſ֡
㳤İɡϷЦЦٺ˵
幻˵ʲôȴҲһ仰˵Ȿ飬ʵûʲô˵ġ
ʵͻȻ˵ˣͷЦЦʲô˵أԼ㲻Լô¡
ʵʲôϷ⣬ҲŻع岻ãǺ뷨
ûʲôҡҡͷЦЦֻȹ֭˵
ϷҲ˵ʲôҲֻˮſԳԷ
һֱҶԹ˷˵Ҫɢʱ򣬶Ϸųס
ãҿȥҼ𣿡
һεʶǺ΢巺ͺһǺ幡
ȥɣȥɣҲþûĸˣҺһȥɣȻؼҹԹԵӴ
΢巵ͷԼѣӦĹͷͬ⡣
ϷҲĬȷʵܾû棬Щ飬ȥɣûҪһֱš
ˣ幣Լȥɡ΢巿ź幣ļ
á幵ͷû˵ʲô
һ˵ʲôȴ̰غһסҡͷ
ǣһֵĿų̰غա
ﲻ˵
ԼԼϹ͸̰غտһۣĬĬתʰӡ
ǰҾ롭
ĸӵĶ࣬Ϊܰǽ𣿡Ҳ͵飬ô򵥡Ҫô򵥵ĻΪʲôǶϾϵôã
ҴˡԺԲǵ£ǵͺ幡
׶༪١̰غһѪôõˣ֪ʲôƢĻһСѣһСŮȷʵ̫ʺͺһ
ҿͦϲ幵ġ
ҿֺҲͦϲģһ𣿡
̰غշеĲɫ:ҪЩĲܾģͣԹߡ
һһ˵ĻҲеͷӦٲǵ¡
һεֵطͣغ˵ܶǮƵ˶ѡס
幼ҺҲ̼ҵլҲߡ
ã롣ϷԵǿ֪ʲôԭ
ЦЦЩܳĸȥ΢Ҳǵ׵ĵġ
һˡ
үү̣ůůˡ
ĸһһС̳Ĵ
һһϷ޺һƯŮ߳
ӴӴ󱦱С˰⡭ǶϷ޿ʱɫˢһ±ˡ
裬΢巵ѣ󡣡Ϸ΢˲ӣǶϷ޿΢巺͵
⣬΢巡ôˣСҲӦԼϰ֣ӭ
һˡϷں棬Ůӵ
ףпءŮ˶㡣
Ǿǣְߡ˵궡ů˸ܽ
ùǣǶǷˡϷģֵһΥӵŰݡ
ڣ΢巺͵Щ˶ѾȥˣȻԺ΢巵ӣһҪú²۵ġ
֮󣬶ĸϸĴǶĵ
̫ˣĸ˵ˣͷһߡ




179 ȥư
 

һ£˭Ϊʲôÿһô֣ǵʲô
˺ˣ񣬿ʼղģûôÿԱˣ࣬ǵŮѾȥ˲ʮ˰ɣʱ䣬ǻҲôƯ
ǣҾ룬ĻţӦҲ΢һ˰ɡĸֹסˮ΢巡
ҵ˭ô˵Һһ˺񣬿Ҿңǵ󣬲ġ
̲סڣȥǵñɣô˵֪ɣܰڹڹҲΪá
΢ûи˵𣿡ҸĸֵĿ΢巣Ϊǰ˵˵ġ
ûи˵úԸ˵ģ˭֪˽顣˵˵νˡ
΢ʼ磬յӣ幺͵θ顭˰ɡ
ӦҲ׼ˣԴӶϷ˵Ҫһ̿ʼ
ǵŮģܼңСù
˵ţͷһܼңܿ죬ܼ̰һ˹ӹݸ˵
Կһ£ĳú񡣼һģһղżһЩϴˣΪŮˡ
ӹᣬӳĵһţǺ幺ͶУѧУĹǰƬ
󡭡΢巾Щ̣Ƭϵĺ广棬רעԼ⣬幻ûù񿴵ɡ
ҵŮ󷽻úܻᵯ٣ĵСްеʱͺˡ
˻䡣·һзһ㡣
ǺأȥĶˣóŮǸڰﳤҸ˶
ˡ
͵̧ͷţô᣿ǸŮҲǺͺ΢һͣôˣ
ΪһЩõ飬¥ɱˡҲţôõһŮôô벻
˵ţ۾ģĸǿ޵һͿģǶԶʹ
ԣǶҺ𣿡ᣬûҪȥˡ
ò𣿿㣬Һ񿴵ŮģҲʵϣõŮ
ûʲôǵǺӣǶġҡҡͷϲ˵
ҷһ䣬ĵķĹ𣿡
Ƕ
⵽һʲôĸأžǺԼһξԼˡ
˶֪һΣΨ֪˶֪ⳡξʱᱻƣΨûи׼߰ξ
ӵĵ绰ʱ򣬺һŰСһȥҵ
ǵţȥĶҪȥҪκߣ֪𣿡һǱֵ߳һ̷Ӧڵģ
ǣ㲻õģںѡ֪ڸʲôҲߣֻҺһ
̫ˣҪһйڣɾΪ£йˣˣʡ£֪ġԼûԼ˽ֻҪ绰һ
ãҰСʱҾ͵һææ绰̰غգչһལԼȥҵ
ôĵطһҲǵһӦþֺܷӵľưɰɡ
һŮȷʵȫһãſĵ
󡣡
ˡһһ˫ֱסȷʵǺѣûк
ǣҺһǣôȶȲ˵ôѽǲˣ
ʣһѾ³ˣӦ֪幺Ͷĵˡ
ǲ֪ʲôˣ
ѵҲ֪ѵҲԶڹɡֱڲ֪׷ңԭֻǸ˵
״Σĳһϲˣôôأ
ԼԲûи¡Ҳǵ˺ѿڵģԲ𰡵󡣡
һҲЩԲôԼȴû˵
ֲ΢˵ܶΣ˵ҲҪ幣˵Ҹһ𲻺ʡԭʲô֪֪Ҹûδġ
ſںһļͷһܸоõ򴦴ȣǿˡ
ϵô˵
ϵģ˾໰:ˣһϵʲô֪ҿĵƬǴŻɫ·ҪôУʮƬ棬·ǻɫľӶ֪࣬ΪʲôҴ׻ɫȹˡ
˵ˣ幾ǰɶ¡




180 ˭Ҷ
 

޵ôģһҲ˵ʲôֻһ
ҲԹԵ˵һҲֹһ྿Ķ϶˵·̡
ʵҲ飬ʲôһమҲˣǡ
ộû׼İǰ
뵽ָԼһƣһ
ǣʱҺĽ㣬ôˣһһĶ㡣ָоӦúܺðɡ֪Ϊʲôǰѧ˵ģ˵ԺԸһϲĳģҲԼϲȴϲˡ
Ϊָоʵ̫ʹˡһһĸȴòӦò˿Ļر
ʵδزϲ㡣һͷһЩԥ
㿴ÿ춼Ըȥ°࣬Ը⻨ܶʱϣֻǿûʶϲѡҲǲܣ幵ӣǲںġ
ޣǰҵϲǶģǲҡ˵ϲǳĵĵ󣬶ǵ
һö֮˸ѣҲȴһСͱڣʲôѡ֮ǰģĶ÷ǳ
úúãﲻҪȥЩԵĵӡ
Ҳǰ취˭֪ûгԶھưǿԵСʳġ
һú֮תȥ̨Եġ
ư˺ܶ࣬Ӱ˵Ĳһһһ۾;úܾ޵Ů
ʵŵһ̿ʼѾв˶ˣ͵ſܲܵ֡
ҪһСŻҪһݳײҲһһһ۲˵Ȼ˵ưĶߵĹ˺ܶ࣬ҲںǮ
õģԵȣһ͹ȥԱͷһĻش𣬷ĵתͷ
˭֪ߣͱסȥ·һ΢΢üͻ
ٸ⼸ӦǾƾͷ˲ء
һԱŲһǵ߹ȥ
˭֪ӣǼҲƶסȥ·
ã㵲ס·ˡ
С˰˵ôĵطĲãǵõǵ·粻ǺܿŶҪҪһ
Ǽ٬ɫúһøĶġ
ԲҲǹģһҪȥչѣ˼
Ȼ֪Լûдһǲ£ԹԵǸ
СˣǸʲô˼Ǻһ
ǣһȻĻȥ
ǼɲģֻҪһӦͷҲźһߡ
ǵʲôһüɫá
ŶӴŶӴأǼӶЦ
ҲÿɰأǸСϲ
һͷĹԱֻҪưɣԱͲӲ
ʲôΪܹܵȥɣǼ˶ݺݵĵһ۰̨ˣݺ
ǷԱȻǲ뿴һ۸ģֺЩ˱ЩֹҪǰæ
һȴҡͷûҪ˱ˣСܽ
ұ𣿡һЦ궿ӣҪǲܺȾͱȰͷͷҪɻ¶
ӴӴӴ㻹ôģһ˵Ӵץһ
һԸоõӭľǺҪ
Ҿǣҳ֡һݺݵ˦ˣһģ˵ڵϡ
һһҲǣҲѧһЩȭģңֵطǲ̫
㣡ĳӣӲ˺ġ
㶯һԣûȵڵϵ߳ŭһ̰غͳھư
˭ҹӵ顭
˻ṵ̂غյǰͰſڵı̹ס
ܳܣôˣʧԶӭʧԶӭ
һưɵϰܳԳ̰غյͷ
һˣôˣڼչཱུ
ʧԶӭǡ̰غ߹ȥһԼϣЦ
ʱ˿̣ưֶˣ˶Χ˹ˣСģǡôΧ۵˵Ķ
Ѿвϳˣææóֻգ´ʲôš
ǲӦΣʲô˶
̰غߣôҲ˵Ǹߵҹưɣôĳ֣ңû˳ֹò˰
˵ʲôҵʧΣǶŸϽǽȥ




181 żҵү
 

ưϰ廰һЩ̼ææĴ绰Ĵ绰ס˵İסˡ
ǸҶСүСүһŪǣ֪˭֪Ұ˭𣿡ǸҪֵˣһ߷źݻһƴš
Ŷ̰غüǰһӸµĿ:˭
ܵ˼Ƶģ͵̧ͷݺݵĶų̰غա
ȴɰٺ͵ļ֮ڣǰܵһֻսʧܵĹ
㣬ǳ̰غգôһ˲䣬еԼôô޴ǵ˭ãƫƫǵү
ţ˵𣿡̰غϵ߲һҲִ
Ϊ㲻˵ҾͲ鲻𣿡̰غһЩЦתͷֻ޴
˵˵޵Ķ㣬Ĳ֪ˣҪ֪ǳܵˣǰҲġ
ģҲùô˺һء
żңáҼסˡ̰غЦһżң̺ӵ
ҺȾƣǣĶǲǾҺˣƯ˲Ҫˣﰡء
Щŵʱ򣬵ڵķͻȻôһ
˴ҳһһڣṵ̆غա
̰غɫЩɬ󣬹ذɣʲôʱ򷢾Ʒ費ãƫƫʱ
ǽɡ̰غտڣڷƷ裬Ҳ⼸ѧĶƽϡ
һһ̰غյ䣬СŮ˵̧ͷһ˫ˮ
ǲǿԹȥչ˵ˣ
̰غմԼӵĶ΢ͻȻ
𴽽ǣĿ飬ͷ:ţȥɡ
õɵĺһһ¶Цݣܹȥ̰غߵ̨ǰָð̨ӡ
Ķء
Եȣ̾ͺãϡӦææĽһĶó
̰غս̵ʳȵĶһһĿһǱߡ
·ưϰʱ˶ٽŲ:⡣
ưϰûж£ĻŸҿŰȻôҿӭ͡
˲䣬ưлָ֮ǰǸֵģֵķ·һжûз
Ⱥһ͵ѵĶ̰꣬غմǳţųţͿĺ幡
㡭һͻȻ֪Ҫ˵ʲôźãǸŮ
󡣡广һۺȵĵͻȻ֪ԼǲǶԵġ
⣡Īӣҵ˯·Ҳߣ
һ幵ļ˾Ǻ幡
ؼҡ幺֪֪֮üܶ
֣Ǯõ𣿴·ϵĳҵ𣿡̼ܵĵһ
Ǻú̸̸òãһֱܾ˵һֱܾҲǸ취
ޣҸú̸Ҹʲô̸ģҪҷַѻߣתסһ
ǴǣҺðģ㲻ҪҶ
Щĵ󣬺һЩΣת򻹳̰غգͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
ģȻô֪⡣
С˵©졣̰غĻش𣬺һСģ᲻С˵©Ź֣
幣ҲˣҲ󽻸㣬Ҳģߡ
һתͷ幣幵ɫȥѹûаǰ緢
ҡڲѵߣԺҲˡ
ҶǳˣԼĸ鶼㲻幣ȥɡ
⻹Ǻһôĺͺ˵͵飬ֹմ˵
ҴˣԼȥҲעⰲȫһ֪ˡ
ҲҪˣȻҼһδһΡƭҸ飬˷ഺУУ
·幵ʱ򣬵£̰غҲΣ⼸״̬ԲŹѺһϢ͸¶ģڿûʲôá
˳ĵ󣬰ԹԵĿںһϣˮµʪ˺һļͷ
ˡȻ䣬ֺҵĲ˲˵
ô죿һֽ
ҡҲˣһֱһ۶ҵкӣɵͷ۵˲ңֻĳ˵Ӱӡ
ЩʣγһҲá
嶯ٵȵɡ߶ѣһҲ




182 ˯Ķ
 

ѵȥչ˺֮󣬺һпպͳ̰غ˵˵
ôˣһؼҵʱעⰲȫһЩ˼ΪǵĻ̰غӦڼϢˡ
̰غԼһϢʱ䣬˵ҪҲҪ״򲻶İʱϢʱ𴲡
ϣѾϢʱˡ
ǰô㻹Ҫһȥ𣿡̰غղķе飬źһ
һ󣬳̰غѾ˺ܶҪһסһǲԸ⡣
ǿͷѾˡǼҿûжķ䣬ó̰غҹ
ߡ̰غɫǶһˡַ˯ʲô
ҲǣҪǵڵĻҿ϶ģôȥҲ㡣
һͷЩ˼˵
Ҳȥˣ㿴ŰɡȥֱΡ
һ̧ͷʲôѽôͲȥˣôҪŰˣ
˯Ҫϴˡ̰غûܾĻᣬվһܡ
Ĳȥ𣿿ûзһҲվȷ˵
ûûҾȥҼһס
СһЩ£Ѿ̰غմƫˣæȥ˯¡
̰غտıӰ˹óѵЦЦȻǺú壬ͱŪȥˡ
ȵ˯͵˵еʱ򣬺һŷӦǣոؼҵôԼȥ˯£ⲻǴӦ˼
㡭һСվԼǰѾ˾Ӽҷĳ̰غգһա
ʲôԴôôƭأͱ̰غոƫˡ
ôˣźһ̲ססСཱུеһƴһģһ
ܾﲻԾһյ̧ͷԹڿںԼ
·ԾʲôԾ
һţ
֪˵ʲôģҪ֣
ţ֪Խˡ̰غɫͣſ
ԣҽ˯Ķ
һһ㶣ǰͷѾûˣ˯ģͯĻֻһС˯ˣཱུķ䡣
˯˵ĵطҲˡ
Ȼȥһ˯˯Ƕһ̽ȻĲ֪ôˡ
ȷһ˯ţոǸģɲʲôֵˣҺǰոʶʱҲ²۹ƺ˯˳á
˯ɳһΪ֪ڴʲô⡣
Ҿܾ̰غյ
ΪʲôѽҪģȻ˯ذϣһ죬̰غǲĿĲݰɣ
ɳ̫С˯Ĳ컹Ҫᡣ̰غյͷסͷ
ǡҪһ˯
ˣһ£ҿһ飬ȥϴɡ̰غ˵ţƽϴּ䣬һ룬Ҳǣˣϴ˵
ǣСʱˣӣͲӦ̰غյĻ
ôԼϴһ̹Ȼ˯ϵˣЦá
ˡ̰غ״򲻶ڴϣûҪ˼
Ҫһë߹ȥ
̰غտԡɫͮͮģɫ˳һ˻
ѽһſϣãôɺ
㲻Ҫ˯𣿡̰غ۾аֵ⣿ôѣ
ǻû˭˯ɳ˯ءһǵãոϴǰġ
Ĵͦġ̰غտһԼߵλá

Ϊʲô˯һ𣿡̰غ˵ţһ˯Լࡣ
⡭һԥܽţʼϸϸܵĺ顣
İɣҲʲôģԹ˯̰غտٴУԥģε̾
ȥôô
ǡ
˯𣿻˵ʲô
˯ˣ㡣һһ˱ӣı۾˵һ仰
ţһЦĺţ˳̰غչصƵԼϵǡ
䣬ôôûлѽ˼Ҷ˯ཾ㤵Ŀźһˡ
ôҲȥȥǻûнţ۸裡
Сһ˲ѣһùһ¼ܣĿŴϵĳ̰غա
ߵĿһۣ󣬲Ц
ǣСƨ
˵ʲôȥ裬Ķ




183 Ҫϰ
 

СһڷһȦûҵһЩżĿ
ڳɰٺͿӣֻЩЦСӣͺһһˣҲְˣôͺһ˯һӦôأ
ߣˣȻ۸䡣Сһܳȥ֮ǰͷ̰غշźݻ
̰غεҡҡͷСϸڼҵʱ򻹺úõģôӦô
СһܽһѱźһĴȣ۾̧ͷЩĿźһ
ôˣһ֪ղŷʲô飬ͷСһ͵ʵ
ǡҡҡͷ:ԺǲǶһ˯ˣԺµʱҲһ˯˶𣿡
˵Сһ۷ỨѺһһ
ôˣ˭ģ˵Ժ費һ˯ˣ
һЩ֣ʱСһԼҪҪһ˯ŲСһһ˯ġ
Ϊһ˯ˣӾֻҪְһ˯ˣͲһ˯ˡ
ŻᷴӦô󰡣ʱһĴϣúһ˯
ɵϣǵӾ磬ǰְԺһˣҲһ˯ġ
һһѱ
𣿡ǲţΪӾﶼû˵ְСһ˯ġ
ȻȥϴϲԵࡣһϴͳͣ𣿡
һգСһôҲ⣬֪һûкͳһ˯
ͻȻֳ̰غհλøռˡȻǲĵģ
õ˿϶Сһɳܽϴ䣬Թϴ
һȥ뾭г̰غա
ˣСһզզܳȥûҲ˾Ųʮ˰ɣ
û¶˻Сʵеġ
һ˵ţһ߸ϴ·
ţϽ·ȥϴһȥϰɡʡٴеĿ
ôһҪߣ̰غüھˣԺڼԽûеλ
ǶСӣûղԺǲǲ˯ӣѽ㻹ǺúϰȥɡĳӲҪʱ򣬲˵лҪҪúϢ
ôôУǾʲô𣿡κһСӶԵ޹жཿȥҲеˡ
ڹʱЩ˵ûУְ˵ԺҲҪֻʲôȫС
һһ߽һʰ˵
ڹ⾭ܱ۸𣿡
Ҳ۸ĸҶУˣôˣҲúúõġϽ𴲻·ϴȥҳȥེûУ
Щǹȥ˵£ҲաҪǺúùڵӡ
Ϻһһó̰غ˼С
֪Ķĺӵʱ򣬵һӦ𾪣ڶӦǿǷڸӾˡ
ܲãʲôҪĵ𣿡Ŵ㶵ĳ̰غգ
Ҫˣʵʩɡ̰غշӦǩԼ֡
ܲҪȥʲô𣿡̰غգһ춼Ĳɵӣȥ¡
Ұһ¡̰غյͷ:ڽǱ߰ðһױԽԽá
룬ʱҪིˣôЩûཱི󣬺һҲ֪˶ٿ࣬Ű
ڣǲˣˡ
ܲҪͺСͬ𣿡˳̰غôã̰غ˼²
ͬ𣿡ڳ̰غպµҲһ㣬һһܶˣܹ֤һˡ
ҲǺŮҪġ
Ҳ֪ô˵Ҳûʲô
ˣȥѷ˵̰غͻȻúЦҪһ⣿
ϳԷʱ򣬺һԵĲ̰غյֹ
㻹˵ʲô𣿡һĸвˣһװʵ
ûʲô¡
ûʲôµĻôһЦЦҡҡͷ:дĶ¡
ȷʵ¡̰غղϣҪôڡ
˵һЩЦֻҪ˵ѽ
ཱུ֪Ĵڲáԣ֮ǰĳɳҶû롣
ءһüȥ£Щ
̰غס֣Ħ
һúòǡ
úбҪӳɳǸĸ롣һ˵ûиڣܻ




184 
 

ڶѾˣ㲻̫𡣶˵Ծģ㲢û̫Ĺϵǣ֪˶Ĵڣ㲻ҲúOK
һЦǶѾ˵öˣô
ĸףǸı䲻˵ʵһһסɡ
̰غտ۾ϣ֪һ᲻ͷϣͷ
˵ʲôһסһû죡ʲô˼˵ôչôͻȻҪһסˣ
Щܲˣúֲཡ̰غ̹ףҪһġ
ϣ֮ǰΪڲһסҲû⣬ͺһֻʱѣ綼顣
ǽϣһͣ·ææµµģһθܵ˼ҵůϢ
Ϻһ˵ཱུľ˲һסˡֻŵһû˵Ҳֻһʱ嶯˹˾֮һ죬ǾôһסȽϺá
Ŀǰû㡣һЩΪѣû׼ͬӲ˵˵ͿԵģʱ˵ĥϱеĻҪѡ
Ҳ㣬֪Ѿһе׼ˡ㿼Ǻ֮һòã
̰غշſ֣һСĺƣǰ
šһͷһúÿǿǵġ
㡣õλӣع㲻Ҳ֪˭
⼸һֱرԴһ֮󣬺幼ÿ춼üΡ
ҪôܶҪô͸ɴ಻˾ڡôȥҲǸ취
ã֪󳤳̾һվߡ
һߵĶ̲סȴûз
㵽ʲôȥûĿź幣广ǰһǰһͺһ
վԶһ㣬ʲô˵ɡĺۣһʼĻϲȥӪθ顣ȴβ۲ĺأ
֣ڨڨࡣ
ҶǱܶ
Ҳ֪ҪʲôҲãԸɴ಻ˡߣڸ˵Щʲôأ
幵ͷԳЦЦ۾
֪ҵܲٸһλ᣿ˣھһ
ҲٸˣҲãʽְָɡҡҡͷŬԼޡ
幣Ҳǲʶʵһʼ㲢ûʲôøУҾǸӣʲô¡Ǻҷ㻹ǸˣҲÿһζչ˵ҵĸܡԵҪҪһʱҴӦˣΪϲ㣬Ҫһġ֪ǼҾĺܴ֪Ժ󲻿һ𣬲ܽ飬ܹ
ǵģ̴ǰһץסļ
ҲںļҾԺһһһԽ飬ǼҲЩġ
ЦĿ̧֣ͷֱ
㣬ǲǰҵɶˣһʼǲǾֻǰҵѣ
κ˵Ҳ˭ֻ󣬶һ޶ĵ
ʱŵǾԺܽ顣ǲܹʱమģϵʱҲͦõģ˭֪֪жɫ
˵ţֹס»䣬˵ǺϲɫҲǿܣ
˵ΪϲɫĻҪʲô
㲻Ҫ嶯ȸ侲һ£ȲҪֺòã
ˣûһʼʹİǵ˶ġ
ûʲô侲ģҿʱƬ۵Ķʱ۾ҲβסϲҺһһˣûһΣһ̶ûУһҲûУһҲûУ
˵ΪʲôôģΪʲôôΪѾǵδ֮ûδģԺα˷Ѵҵഺ
ϲģϲ㣬ΪʲôҪһ𣿡
ΪҳģӣҵĲһᣬǰֵܿģôԼ⸱ˣ
ˣҺ˵֮ԺҪ˾ҡ
֮鲻Ҫֵ˾Ҫ˾鷳
㣬ٸһλòã
广ľͻȻĻŵǱʲô̵һؿҲǶһʯͷ




185 ĸ
 

ƾʲôһٸ᣿
оѵʱ򣬺Ӷ仰ڴϣΧһƬ谵ͬڵһ㣬ޱȻ谵
ǰƾʲôҪһ᣿幵ͷЦ죬˵һ仰仰
һ´ƣǸԵķ䡣
ⷿ䲢СŵĴ඼ǶǰƷϲ⡣
һǽȫͶĵƬ˴˵Сֽ
ŵһ̨٣Ǹ٣Ƕĵġ
߹ȥϸĸЩЩ֪ٴΣЩٴΡ׹ԢعģǶ֮һֱ
ߵڹǰ棬ľڹţһȹ
ɫģۻɫģɫģɫģָĻɫһЩɫзɫ
ЩȹǶϲĿʽǶϲӣǶϲɫЩȹӲǶˣЩһһġ
ÿϲµʱͻȥͻȥûжϲĿʽɫеĻͰһ죬һһ
ĳ飬Ҳһõġ󿴵ˣ϶ܡ
Ҳö֪õ󿿽䣬ֻҪһͻʶ
ģ˵𣿿ôȥһҿԸһ𣬵Ҳ㣬ϲҲ㰡
幻˸ٵǰ棬ͶôĺãĺһЩʱһֱԺﷴطţ·ͷһ㡣
һ󣬺平ϣҲ֪ϲϲãϲԡϲĿʡϲһĸоѾҪˡ
Ҳ˶ġ
幺ã֪ڸô죬ط˷֮һľͿģȱʲôֺʲôûȱһֻʲô᲻ȤǰϲľưɣڿҲô˳ˡ
ģ˵Ҹô죿һֱжĵλãɵݲһɳӵˣܽδɷһ˵λá
ϲĦõ𣿡̧ͷͿһĦԼǰֻҪһֻ֣֪˭
һ㲻öôãҺ¡ǿЦЦҲòȥ
Ȼ˵ķ֡ƭԼǻѹޣ᲻ģҲʲô᲻Ȥ
ôҷŶ𣿡һЦЦһŵߡ
һĦùһڡ
ôܻ¶һǹ˾ϵˣ̫ŵĳֺᣬңۺ
ԭµĻ㲻ԭһȻϲ󣬿ϲԿġ
˵ʲôˣһȻԭº幣
ʵҲͦõģųԺǸרһ־Ŀܡ
̸ѵı仯˵ʵ广ܲô
ƨҪԭɱҺ𣿡ӣۿʵϵĺ
᲻ĸ飬ʹʹǲܺһģҾԲԭ
ҡͷǺϲ幣Լ
㵱û˵仰ɡһΣ֪ӣֻҪ˾ģôʹҲȥ
һϲ𣿡ͻȻ֣һһɫЩţʶȴ̶ס
㣬أϽشң
ҡΪԲصĺܺõġ
֪ϲң΢ҵģ˵ϲ𣿡
ģ׷ʵҲһĻᡣ
ϲϲһЩȵĵͷôǱףûиŮӸ׹ǸСôŮӸס
ܺã㡣к幣˵Ҫһһ޸㣬𣿡
һҡҡͷ̻ش
㻹ȥɣϲһŻῪġ
ſٴǱĦ֪һ𰸡
Ҹ࣬ҲȥҶģĻŵĻ룬ȻôϲңǺαһ𣿡
΢巴ǵĶԻһκûϣ˰ɡ
ͨŮӣñ˭ͨ͸ңԸ񣬾Բͷ
΢̾һתߵݣ¥ҲΣڣӦȥľˡ




186 
 

һӵֺĵ绰ʱ򣬻֣ڲʱ򣬿ֺԼʱͻȻһα޷Ŵ
ˣûʲôϲġһһֺ̣Ц
һҲЦЦ˵Ƕþûмˡ
ôҪңΪ㻹ûæء֮ǰ˵ҪæҲû˼
ţˣܾò㲻ǿҪûգǰ׼ֺ˵ţһСó
ʲôһùȥرľ¡
򿪿ֺЦЦ׼þˣͳ̰غûһ֮ǰѾ׼
Ϻ鱦ʦƵġȫֻôһݣ۸񲻷ƣ׵ģ˭֪컯Ūˡ
ǡһ۾Ư룬ϲ͡
лл㣬ҺϲһóöļֵӦúܸߡ
һβҪôصȻⲻȥġ
һЩΣֲòգ˵Ļֻܵյʱٸһ۸Եȵ
ûϵϲͺã˵ˣ֪ҲǮֺЦǮܵĻǮĻܿġ
Ȼô˵˭ǮǴġһ̾
ɣҽԷ
Уôԣ˵˵ͣȻǮ
ֺû룬ܾ̾챾Լô˼Ǯأ
˵ĻҾͲˣȻⲻȥٷһ롣
ֲֺͷͬ⣬ðɺðɣҲֻˣûܾġ
ͬʱڳͬҲһƯŮںͳ̰غռ档
̣û뵽ôöûмˣֱ˧ˡŮЦ棬õո촩ۣ۽Ĺյһࡣ
͹£ѩ˵˼ѵõļƷŮ˾Ȼһ˫ÿһۣÿһ˶벩һЦɡ
Ǻܾûһμʱǰ̰غյͷŮЦøӿˡ
ôЩĺòѽŮӽεεǰһסֱۣȴһˡ
ռҵĴС㣬йĲõĵ
̰غòԵЦЦش
㻹ǺǰһȤðɣðɣԭˣһҿҪúú
ŮΪ̰غյĶɫ˱䣬漴һƵӡ
ֻҪϸպԼǳϲռʧġ
̰غյĻشŮЦЦû˵һҪͳϺְָǰѳ̰غ£ҳΪ׼ҡ
Ů˭ѽܲòŮ𣿻жôҿӲûܲ𤡣
֪˵ǹһĴС㣬˼壬ݡ
֪ǸռңǼҲʲôֵǳôĹϵ𣿡
ͬģϴּﲢȱٰԣݵĳó¶һɧ
еԱһͶƱǱȽϲһһػϲ͵ġ
һǸҵ죬һŮĶܲˣĺñ¶Ŷ˵ʲôۡǣļҵͳģʲôҪˡ
·Сˡ
ݾϴּǵۣʶ̰غվȻѾŮˣ
ôܣڴѧʱ򣬳̰غǳ䵭
ˣܲϲһأһһȥһױò˶˼ҾҪ˰ɡ
ԽԽԶŴϴּЩŮӵıӰмЦ
ƽѣʲôʸңУ
˵žӲ˸ں죬Լ·ȹһЩǰǵסһƬѩס
ʱ򣬳̰غѾһϢ˵һҪȥˡ
̣һˡݷֵĹ𴽽ǣȫȻ
㿴һºͬҪûʲôĻǩˡ
һȥһһԷȥˡ
Ҳԡݳգգ۾:һһһԷ
һѾһ˵ҪһԷġ
𣿾ȥңҲ͵ȥҲ֪ҳڹ⣬йҲǺ˽⣬ֻʱˡ죬
죿е£Լˡ̰غղǺԸ⣬˰ʱ䣬ϲš




187 ͳԴ
 

λǡһĻݵʱһ㶣ոڵ绰̰غղû˵д˹
ãݣ˼ˣʵǶй̫˽⣬ȻйֻкͰһ˺ֻܸˣ㲻ɣ
ûȳ̰غոһԼǰȥ֣۾ȻЦ⣬һȴܵĵ⡣
áһ֣һ֡
ɡһӣֹţ˳šһѳ̰غյֱۣѹ
ոôûи˵Ҫ˹ͻȻ俴һŮĹˡ
Ҳû뵽Ҫҹ̰غҲΣô˵ݶĿͻǽҪ飬Ҳܵ˼ҡ
²ΪȻҾͰϳţԼȥɣ
һ죬̫ˣȻһ˾ͰһŮĲԴ
ôе᣿
ѾȥҾᣬһҲûжŴ׻ʡ
һĵһۣ̰غմԵĻȣ뵽֮ǰôְ취ûԴסȻײڳԴˡ
ЦʲôЦЦϲԷ˵źһ߽̰غЦЦû˵
ҽͻȻ᲻֮󣬻ЩĿųλá
û£ͺáȥ塣
ôû˵Ůˣݺ˿ˮʵ˵иӣںûĶ
Եֵ飬оˡ̰غЦЦûش飬һ˳ĳ̷˵֣ԸⰡ
˵ǻӣѽǲѽǰҼʱ㻹ǸأתۼͻȻ˵иôеûӦ
ݿȥһҳһŹںһཱུ¡
ǰҺһҳ̰غЩô࣬ҪѾܲˡ
䣬һСɰҲŶ裬衣
ݻ˵ʲôʱུ߿Žһ߳żﺰ
ףǼôһڣůȽģɳϵݵʱסˣһȻԼߴ˷䡣
ŶôһŮ˻üŶůСܵǵǰǡ
̸òƻ˼Ҽͥİɣǻְֵ𣿡
ͯ޼ɣůཱུ˵浱һ㶼ۼǵĹϵ
ûÿạ̇̄·ҪҪһ£ʦ·ġ
ུһݣͻȻסԼ۾ȥ
ǣལ·ǻҮ䲻䰡Ǽҵů￪
Сһһһ͵ģҲ֪ĵͯ޼ɣ
֮ݵɫɹˣ۾ӣôһ˲ԼǸˣרŴСӵ֡
Ựҵů￪ѽǸ̵·ҮȻٸһװɣҾÿŹֲ˼ġ
ůＸ֮ٲȻѾˣСܽ˳̧ɰСʺһ
һҲúΣĺ˼һ
⡭һ˼Ŀ:˼СӲ¡
ûϵģڹֲˣִ´粻֪ʹ˵˼ңԡ
סã¶ЦݣΧų̰غա
ĻԽһ׸ȻСӿɲҵŶ
һͳ̰غն΢΢ˣ⡭Ƕ벻ݾȻҪ
̣ⲻ̫ðɡ˼Ҷ˵·ԼҪĶˣҰְѾӴӲʣ㲻Ļ¶ҲûϵɣҲˡ
һʱ۾ͬ⣬Ů˻ĺܣ
ĵӾŮ˾ԲǺˣϽʲôţ̲滰ɣ
̣㲻ŶʵģСҪཱུУףҲǲϵģҲ˵ģ
ůҲԴǣС࣬а۵Ľѵݡ
ԶԶԣ㶼ôˣ㲻Ҳ̰ͣغƴסЦСӻΧ
ҲǸ˼ⲻΪǺᰢˡ
ŬЦⱲӻûܵЩ裬ȻСƨ
ǾͺǾͺãûϵգܶ·ģҸһ




188 ô
 

ϣݶòǺ죬֪ǲСһ￴ʲôһֱ浥Ժ˵
һЩ£ˡŬţֲԺСֱӷƢСǡ˵
㲻һôҪѽûϵ㶼·ˣǲʲôġ˵ǰɣСɰ
תͷů߼丽͵ĵͷ
ǣ̻飬ͲˡѾҲˣû뵽ĵ˲ǺһС
㶼Ѿˣһһ㶼νˡ
ེͶůһۣ˵
⡭
໰ˣԣȥ棬ء
һûûأһ˵̫Ӱ쵽̰غյĹ˾͵òʧˡ
Ṇ̀ܲѽݿһ۳̰غգҪСһҪô˵
̣ԵӴһҪСɰȥģѾ˵ˣԸһԼ
붼룬̿˵ɲ죬ĺͳ̰غ˵ˡ
⡭һʱ֮侹Ȼ֪η
С㣬ɡһЦЦվԥһ£ͷҲûбİ취ˡ
ʵһʼǿֱӽ˾ģǴڽ뿴ܲó̰غ
˭֪СȻô޴ӷ
Сǵһй𣿡һһۺӾŮ˿ɲ򵥣Ȼֻһϡ
첻ླྀСůĻӦ
үү̶йˣСʱиְģڰ̼סһʱءǸʱ򻹹ҼҰ̻˵ҪȢңֻû뵽ת۹ȥ˷ˡ
ЦЦ̰غڹڣȻûй
Ҳǣ˶ǻ᳤ġСʱһ˵ҪԱ˾ϲˡ
һóŮڱŷǰҫͳ̰غǰжذɡ
ҲǣƱġʱϲ崿ɰģʱϲƯģʱϲŵԵģ˵ĶأָϻôĻĴڡ
ҹӵİֻͯ£ȴͯ
һ̲סЦ:С˵аɣֻвŻĶ⣬ԶҾͱȽˣ˰غա
һװ֪˵ʲôӣĻشĻ
СԺҪ۾Ҫҵˡ
ǺǡݸЦͷתһߣ·ҹһβ
һȥֶ֮ůȻڣⶼʮһѵȥ
Сůѽôûлؼѽǲûȥһůͷ
ǵģƯ̡Ҹְ˵ҪǾĩȥѧУҺԼˣҪһѧ١
ůҲÿɰСŮһϲÿһضҪһ̨ϲԵĸ
ԭѽðɺðɣСůʲộ̸ͣ߰òã
һҲһЩһģֻĩȥ
Ҫ࣬һůҲϲһˣһ棬ҪóԵģڼﶼûĴ
ãǾͶСůġһ˵ţȥԡҰϴ裬òװСź֮󣬺һпջط䡣
ôûȥϵİɣ
е˷е飬̧ͷһ޹Ŀ
û˵Ҫһȥѧ١кֵܳҪ
񾭣Ҫȥѧ٣ٹѽֲԶҲסڽıﲻ15ӵĳ̡
ȥ鷳Ҿˡ˵ôȻһ̬ôһ˲Ϊˡ
㶼ûʹңԼ
ţҪǾòƽһȥǶҲԲһҲġ
̰غյͷ֪ûиһΪ˹ƽѾ·ˡ
㡭Ҷûˡôһȥ˹㿴һ仰̣ȻҲô˵
̫ˣΪܿڰߵġ
ེСůڣõҿڣҲ䱩𣿡Եľվںһߵġ
һǲˡһ죬һ˵ĩ۲͡ͻȻһˣʵܵĽ
ҸոǸˣڳϻһֱﰵ䣡




189 
 

ǲȻô̰غЩЦԴ׵ӻͦɰģҲͦѵá
ô˼˵˿һϲᵥҲϲƯģһϲŵԵġһߣ˼ھṆ̀䡣
ǳ̼Ҳŵԡ̰غպֱӵĻش˵ŵԡʵҲֻѩǸðɡ
ôܺѩһ붼Ҫ롣
ռȻҲ˵ԺȨƣǳ̼ұǲԶˡ
ðɣҲ˵ˣҽǲġ
һ˵ţİҺãͻȻʲôһĽó
ʲô̰غһȥװô߼Լġ
ŶҲ˸˵ˡҽڹ˾ʱ򣬺ȥˡǰ͸ҵ
һ˵ţеĺӵݸȴֳ̰غѾЩˡ
ôˣǾҪȥˣԲ𣿡
֪ʣ̰غߣѵһ㶼ûֺѾǰһ
ڲǸ𣿵ʱҴ绰ˡûнҵġ˵ǻģʽҹ˾¥Ҳܲɡ
˵ˣѾǿܶˣֺܺõѣѾڱ־ˡ
ʲô̰غմֺóһۡ
ÿɣҾúܺÿرǸҺϲһҲ⣬Ҫø
ʲôÿģֻƭƭŮˡ
һüһѽùŽպá
Ȼ˵ÿǾͲٿˣҾúÿзֲġ
һ˵ţת·ȥϴȴ̰غһ뻳С
һûϴء
ҡ̰غһ˵
㣿ΪʲôҪ尡֮Ѿƽˡ
ԼȥֺݹⲻǳƽʲôѵҪ
ţ𣿡̰غմսϡ
ǣô壿һ֪𽥷
Լ롣
muaһһգЦеؿ
𣿡
ţǿɡ̰غյ˱˻Ե˵һĵһۣվ
˵ˣȥϴˡ
̰غҲûΪȥֿˡ
ĸþûƷּҡ
ݰǺþòˣɴˣϲˡ
ָǺǴЦݣݴøйоأţпͳȥжҸŮжҸŮ
ǰһתۣǶˣˣôûпѩռҺּҵĹϵҲͳ̼Ҳࡣ
ǰǵүү̶һƴģȻȻߵĽһЩЩСڳҪ£Ҳ
ѩָĸεĶһۣѩŽȥ£Ҫһʱܻء
ѩľЩ̫ãǰȥԺˣǼˡ
ָһ£ʵʵ˵ݺѩĹϵ˶һЩʱѩչ⣬Ҳȥռס
ôҪҪĸҿԸϵõҽġкܶྫҽҽҪĻʱ绰˵ҺøҼҵ˵һȥˡ
һһżɫ
ȶܶˣҪҪԼҪһġ
ĸЦЦҪѩҲԳٶҽҲûá
ðɣǺأôҲûݿΧһۣûмֺӰ
һͻʲôðȥ
˵ָֺЦΨһܸǰοҲˡ
ʲôУ֪Ҳ
ݹɵЦ˵˵䣬ֺѾˡ
øպãݹˡ
ĸԼĶֺ֣߽ݣĳЦ
ôйˣûʲôӦòɣϾ仰˵ϸѾйˣĹѾˡ
ڸйһЩҵ̸Ҹ̺ˣûȤǡ
ֺ۾Цøģȴֺܹٷͬڿ̰غյ
ðʲôĿֺͷ̫ҲҪŷǱ߷չԸռҺͨһг
ϵϰʱ˵ɣڸϽȥϴֳԵˮ
ĸεҡҡͷϲˣټֺҲǹ˵ģ°ҲôۡΪ鷳ģʲôʱܺúϢ
ðɣðɡķĻ´ȥϴ֣ҿйˮˡ




190 ֹ
 

ûĻ˵ϵҥûдĻӦϲһİɡ
Թ˱ĸ򷢳Լɢɢ
ҵᣬֺˣǰ˵ѩҪͳ̰غն飬ôһʱͷ췭ظı仯
ϲϲѾˡϾҲϲĽġ
Һ㲻һϲ̰غգһҪ취õģȻϲңҾ취ϲң첻˵ϲء
ݺֱףǰѩҪͳ̰غն˼⻰˵Ͼѩһ̶˵Ĺۣϲ̰غգҲֻ͵͵ϲ
ڲͬˣѩûкͳ̰غһ𣬶ҲԽԽϲ̰غգӦҪΪԼƴһѡ
ϲ̰غգʲôʱ¶ô֪
԰ݵͷ:㻹ǲǵСʱڳ̼סһʱ䣬ǸʱʼҾϲˣֻ˵ڹ⡣겻棬ģҲûôϲǰɣʱ򿴵Ҿ϶ˣⱲӷޣһҵġ
ݺȷҪ޵һǳ̰غˣҲֻ˲
ڸһһ𣬻һĶӣ˼ڣǲлġ
˵ˣ̰غҲ׶ĵˣӲױĵˡ
ôԼ˻¸ͺһҶ֪ˣҪѽǾԲֵģƾʲôһôõˣҷ־̷֣ôһ°ɣ㲻һ£ô֪ܲܺһأ
ߣСӣϲĶһҪȡŻҲͬһԭ
̰غղˣһҲˣֺЩͬΪİһǾѡԼһ
㣬ܱ֤һ̰غһһҸܱ֤ĻﲻԼҸƫƫҪһ㶼ܱ֤˵ϣҲ˵˰̲׶ģ˵ڶԺһֻء
ݻǳ˵ܹ˵ֺվһߣӦɺܶࡣ
磬Ҫ˵Ļ͸ҺɡѩѾûпܺͰһˣ㻹ԼһᣬҲһᡣ
˵꣬ЦЦת뿪ֺһԭá
ֱ̰غҪݺһЩ֪ǳϽҪĺ飬Ҳû˵ʲôֻܳܵڿЩ
ҲûжڿҲͱǰÿܶһΣʱǺͳ̰غմ绰ų̰غյġ
ҵţôֹˣ
˭֪أÿһ춼ɣǼ˰ɡ
һй˵᲻һȷѪꣿ
һΣкһڵ£ݴ欵Ĺôǲԡ
ʲôҸ˵ҪԺ߾ôһŮ˵ĳ֣ҷɱɣ
ռҺôҲǸ壬ô̳ô糾Ůˣ
Ҫ£ռһֱҪǹڵгֲǲ֪
£СȺϢϣŪһͶƱ
˵ˣӮ˵˺̲裬ǾͶĿһ½쵽˭Ӯѡһһѡݵ۶
һ۲ͣ𶯵ֻ͵͵һ䣬ȴǿһ
Ҳڰ֮ǰûп㣬ôпչˣ
ڳ̰غյİ칫һʱһ£Це˵
ǣһЦڸһ˼ҵĿǣڸҫʲô
ÿ춼пգùѣҪҵĻһأȥ̫ˣϻؼҲܼ
һЦЦ˱ˮ
Ҳ˰ɣȺȱˮɡ
ҪжݣŮˣǣ
ĵĻôܶ۰ɣǻϲĻÿ춼ȥģҲ۰ɡ
΢΢һЦŵĺһˮ˵
в۵ĵС˵ֻͯŻС첻˵ͳ̰غյİҲֻͯе
аһѵĻӢɵйģ⡣
˵ţ۰Ŀų̰غգɺ߸ûôһ˫۾ںһϣԹȺڵͦĵӡ
С˵ĻǸ˿϶㣬ԼŮѣӢйģȻ취סһ𰡡
һҲ΢΢һЦӮ𣿲ܣ




191 һ
 

ɫЩסˣû뵽һȻҲô˵֮ǰΪǿӿ̰غգԭҲǸϲ˵
ǲСҲ˵ӢйģһֱԼòԷĻӦĻĲ𣿡
һ΢΢һЦݲһֱʵ̰غȴûлӦ
˰ɡգĻشһ䣬ⲻǹ˵һԸ
šһҲЦЦû˵ʲôһʱ֮ټܲð칫ﾹȻİ
Ҹոջع̣Դҳȥתת𣿡֪˶ãٴοڿ̰غգȻЦݡ
ðϵģ̰غվȻͬ⣬ϲЦտʶҪһҫ˭֪̰غ˺һ֣
ãղźһ˵м¿̲꣬Ӧûϲ
̰غպͺһӶЦ۵ģôһ˲ǺΪʲôҪҪ
ⲻŰ
˵гȷʵЩΣ˵Ůһ̨ϷŮеĻеİӿŮ˵١
ԭһΪ˺ͳ̰غһģ̰غҲУȻĻÿһͺһʱཾͻ
ôòúȣ̰غ֣̲ݵߣһ
úȣһһҲϲζ̲衣
һͷζ̲ܶθڣôһڣǾúܺúȡ
ǵʱٴСůһɡůھǼ棬Ůˡ
áһͬ⣬һҲῪһЩ
СůǲϷŮڲ˻е㻳ɶůˣǺԼҲûʲôʡ
ţṴ̊غջش˵ǽʱЩ˶ûȥǲľͽ˵ģǺһĻƶϷǻûϵء
ֲãôɰСʱ˻⣬˲١
̣㻹ǵСʱǴһʱֻǼ˸оܺáܵû߰ˣҲû߰¡
⻰һһòᡣ
ʲôû߰ˣû߰¡Ǹ߰ඡ
СʱСʱĺãҲгĺá̰غյشѡĻǻѡ񳤴ǲӱһȻɵġ
ҲǣСʱ̫ˡܻصСʱһҪķ䣬һ棬ůһ÷С޲µĸ̫ˣõûǡ
ֿʼƣͼó̰غպһСʱǡ
ǻصСʱҲ÷С޲¡̰غձ˵ģ֮Ĺϵ
Ϊʲô˵̵ֻѩǸС޲÷Ǹأ
һ޹Ŀ˳㿴źһһŮԶԼѺͱŮôĹȥ
ֻǴ꣬ңֻѡ
÷С޲ǽ˫ĶиĻϵģȻֻ˵ǴСʶ
غգô˵Сڹ⣬̫ܲйĻ㲻ôࡣ
һһ³̰غգЩίĿڿΪʲôҪԼ
ǣСˣҶйĻ˽⣬ҲǸйˡǺС˵Ҹ÷С޲µĻҿԵǸġ
֪ʲô÷ʲôСʲôСʶѣ
Сڹⳤ󣬳ڹڣʱ򼸺ڹ⡣
йĴͳĻֻǹҲû֪١
ǣûнⰡһЦЦǵ֡
÷˼Ҫ˶и飬ǲŽ÷ȻĻֻܽС˵Сʶѡ
Ȼôֻһһ𳤴ͬԶ÷ˣ
⣬ɫѿոջ˵Լ˽йĴͳĻںһôһΪ˿Ц
֪ûϵȥҪ˵̰غ࣬ɲĻһʲô÷
һѩѾѲˣһݣûô๦ǡ
ֻ̣ǼǴˣҲǹģҲȥ˵ġĿҧ촽ҪƵġ
˾ͷ˶ģ㲻
һʤ׷棿ܣһԲʲôǵ




192 
 

죬һʤݣҲôѾҪĻΪ̰غվߡ
һҲû࿪ģϾôһ˼ˣ춼ô¶һ㶼䣿
ʱллģĻôܿõԴף
̰غ˵ţָգǰҪԴףʹ˾ţ֮ûԸ
Щһһۣ֪Ӷʲô
ʲôʱȥһס˺þˣһֱûд𸴣ò˰ɡ
ҡһһལԸĻǾͰȥིԸĻأĸͼס
һЦЦҪѼζཱུϡ
˵Ҳཻ֪ôѡСһ80%ǲԸȥġ
ⲻڲ𣿡ţ̰غס°̫ͣˣѡ˳ǲԸġ
ڲ㣿Һӵѽ˵ľ˵ľ
һ˵ţǺһЦǹġ
ѵһ㶼𣿡̰غմս˶ôԼѻᱻŮߣôһ㶼ģ
ʲôõģ˷ˡ
˵ʵȷʵûĹ̰غգ̰غһܸεˣԾ˵Ů˱־롣
㿴ЩŮƻˣͲİѳֲס
̰غͼԼŸУҪһ㣬ͻסһˡ
ɵϣ㣬Һҵֵ˵ţһգգ۾
̰غεķſˣǺúһˡ
ڸʲôСһųſڳ⿴ǡ
Ǳ𣿡
⻹𣿴˵ȻӵҰְҲǣҪףˡ
ůĿһۣĽ
ŶɵˡСůСĳԹԵ˿˼˵жΡ
һҲʲôûںͳ̰غʲô
ǲ˵ҪȥûУûĻҸСůתȥǼף˾ʹȥ档
ཿڣúһˣǾԹԵᣬĺ
ǣˣϳɣһͻȻ֪Ҫôǽˣ֮ǰͣˣôΪɡ
ŶðɡС˳ϵðȫֹĿǡ
ʲôҪͰְ˵𣿡һ۲쵽ı飬ͷʵ
ǣҵ˼˵ǲúҪ׾Сɰ˵ǰɣ
ѽѽҶϰˣҰְ辭ůͷûҲôΪ
ԺǳҲҪཱིĵЦЦִ
ҵĻҾͲˡ
ůĹĵտͻȻѧܽ
СѹЦֻǺһȫûٴǡ
ѩ⵽ô°ҲŶû㣬ͱˣ
Ժѩɫ۵֡
Ҫ־͹ֺһΪҲűӡѩӣûкһӦǸҸǳ̰غյ
⵽ô°ǺһʲôͷҸӴΣɲ򵥡úܣҲǵһο̰غôһŮˡ
˵ǴѧͬѧһǺء֪غԽԽڱҵɢﷹϣΪʲôȻͰغһ𣡡
ѩӣҲǸ̫޴ŴˣǸҲ̫ɿˣ
Ǹˣܹ֮һֱסһһͳ̰غջͲˡ
Ǿལغʱ̫ˣ֪Ǹ˭ԺǺһԼڹġ
ѩֻȥȥŪһܲˣܲί
ԭԺҸģҵҲǸ߸ϵĹǧĳ̷ˡ
ǾΪһĵһУڻ
޺һˡ
һҲ̫Ļ˰ɣһ֪غյݲһԲŰѺģ뿿λ
۾ų̰غһΪβźͺһһһ
ֹļƣǸС͵ǿĿŵҵһУе˻޹ݣ֪𣿾Ҹ綼վǱߡǸ裬ҲվǱߡ
ԣŻô޺һŻô༫˵飬ΪⶼǱǱƵģǱһƵģ




193 ֻҪ
 

һʹģ֣ץסѩ֡
ģһùģѩȻ̲ϲˣҾȥȡ֮ǸĻ滵óѣ
ĵľѩֹԣȵ˵ѩ
㣬Ҫ̰غգѩ󾪣˦֣ΪʲôΪʲôÿһ˶İغգ
ɵѩѵԸúһó𣿲ԸǰɣҲԸ⣬ԣǿԺȥѰغҺһ𣿡
ѩڵľ״̬ǺܺõӣЦʼ
ѩʲôˣˣʲôôĺݣܹΪõĻһܵõõġ
ǣҲϲغգĺðغգ֪ģ㲻Ҫغպòã
ѩҧŴҡͷԳ̰غк⣬ õ̰غյġ
ɵϣڻһôҡͷճ̰غյԸ񣬾޿ܡ
ҡѩͷ˵òճ̰غյԸⱲӶźһˡ
㱾Ӧǳ̷˵ģΪһΪһѵͿҸֵһ
ݼȥ˵ֻҪܹ˵Ͷһð֡
ζһֱվѩߵġֻҪ˵ѩҲ˺ζ졣
룡Ȼ޳ͷѩɺ۾
ݣҺһҺһҪúһú
ټĸ߼Ԣݿҹãҹ
С㣬ĻʱѩΪľпô죿ѩԳ̰غյִôô˵Ͳ˵־ͷ֡
ɺǾСܺöԸǾѩǸ
Цͷһ顣˵飬ʵռĹŮСһ𳤴ѡ
һΣռҲһĿľΪ˿Ժͳ̼
̼ҵռҲ֪ˣܹһòȻԺ˵Ǿء
ǹ׶㰵ѷкζ죬ζ첻ǸöԸ˰
ɺҡҡͷԶԶô򵥣йһֶûУʱ˼ҼԸռҵĻ롣
㲻úҸĸ˵̫࣬ҵ飬ǵ飬OK
ȻݲôɺȰҲǣǲȰοֻǼĹŮĻ
ɺֹջʲôû˵ҲǣҪ˵ģ
ǿԺܽ عǾŸǳǡҲǵĺһС㡣
Ʒô죬ǵҲĴ
΢Ϊʱʹҹ˭ǾŸˡ
һЩŵģ´Ҷӡ֮ǰƷǳϮġ
һȻ
벻ԭǳǣҺϲƵƷ
ǰǰȷʵƵĺܺÿ
û뵽Ȼ
΢已Ź֣˿ʼ˽ﳳһš
һ̨£˫ֽȹǡ֪ھл᲻Ͽ᲻֪Ÿ֮ͲŸˡ
һֱһƣȻ֮ǰȷʵһЩᣬǾ˽ȷʵһر𲻴ʦرְҵ¡ʲôϮ֮飬ҲȥġǼҳһףֶֶ˵ˣҶӦ֪ʲô˼
΢ȫȫվںһߵģ һεҲǺһϮȻҪʦͱס
ҺãǳǡһǰһŻͲ΢ЦĿ档
֪һֱҿԸұ֤ûгϮҴһʼûгϹҳϮҲԲ᳭Ϯ
һһڹ̫ˣһ̶뱳ˡ
Ϊʲô·ʱû˵ʵ˵ûҵġҲ֪Ϊʲôݱÿ˶˵ҳϮҰٿĪ硣Һܸлǳᣬһ֤ԼĻᣬϣԺܸҴƷҲϣܹ֧ңллң
һʵûʲô˵ģ仰˵ʱȥǰľˣô㷬ˡ
ѩԺЩ˻侮ʯ
ʺС㣬Ϯѩ𣿡ִϣǲŹġ
¾ȥɣѾν˭˭ˣҪ־͹ûбܺҵƸ塣ٷ˵Ƕá




194 ĲҪ
 

΢巺һشش˭˺ҲΪԼ֮ǰᡣ
תתôǰͷ˰ɣ˵ʵûмһְҵôѵʦ
ƽ˵вŻʦӦȶˡôҲ˵һһ𣬿Ϊô£ֻʱ
ҼõˣҲǺʦкܶԼУƷҲԼСĻ
ҲЦ˵˵ǳʦˣƱȽữ˲Ůӡ
ЩŮԷĳΪķ˿ۺϵ˵Ӱͦġ
Ҳó˲ְҵҲܸСһҲͷǰһ˵̨µļ߲Ϊɣ
幾̨£ɫЩ㲣ǰ緢
̨ϵĵһ粢վţķ꣬ʲôʱϵôѵ֪һϲôһϲԼߵô
õģ׼˲㡣λˣƲ𣿡
΢巳գգ۾Щһ˵׼ˣҲ˼ʡ
Ϳ̨µĺ幣ǲֻԻͷݵˡ
Ȼﶼ˽٣Ҳ˸ңҲûбҪǿһ
ô㲻𣿡ȥĻЩ߻л˵Ŷ
һ֣ͷһۺ幡
ôҲǸ취ǲѾĹ𣿡
һһΪ˵ѺһϣһҲãһҲáҶܰ˵ѻ˵ԺҲΡ
顣:ĲôϲˣҸ˵̫Ļд֮߰꣬˭˭˭Ҳ˭
ã֪㻹ǸСŮ㿴ΪרܹһˣҪǲĻҾȥߣѻ˵ĻҾʹȥ
һε鶼Ѿȥôˣͺ幵»ûףȷʵ̫á
ǣӦøһӦø𣿡
ò⣬Ѿôϲˣո˵ֵʱȷʵѹÿһ춼ޡڰˣҲ
㻹һ𣿡һòǵĸ⣬Ȱǰѻ˵⣬Ҳܸ˵̫࣬˵̫˻Ӱľ
Ҳ룡붼ҡͷ
Һһʱ˽ҵϲã֪ϲʲô֪ʲôʱ°࣬Ҳ֪ĩȥĶӲ֪ϲɫʲô֪˵񶼲˽⡣
һǶ̶£˿ож
ǰҵĳӦرġֱתͼƷվͲ߲ʰǡҲζİǣǵҷǸ˲ҵʱ򣬾˿֭һҲٻȥˣҲٸ̸ˡ
һЦЦȥѾ뿪ˡ
Ҿ΢˵ĲһȽʺңҾȺ年ҵůࡣ
һ˵û廰ʵҲ뵽˻ֽ
Ҳ͵һͬѡ
ԣҪȥһһۺ幵ķڲͣؿߡ
֪ΪʲôҸ˵Щ֮ͻȻ䲻¼ˡǾ͹ȥɣþۺɢ
Цźһֳ߹ȥ
广ЦĵطԼʱʱһɨա
þòվǰ촩ϲĺɫԼƵȹ
þòû뵽ܺ˵ϻԴһηֱ֮ôӰ
΢Ҳṩ٣ֻ˵Լ
ĺ𣿡֪춼Ѿˣ߶Ѿѩˡ
ҹͦõģء󷽣һҲºͺ并ӡ
ңãǺܺڡǡ
ǻѣǲŮѡʱӰʵפȥˡ
ȥǸطܶ࣬ΪᣬǱߵ˲ǺĻĿѽС
ô࣬ûҪǰ͵Ƕʱģͺ֮Щĵ¡
ĲҪ𣿡۾Щˣû뵽ô
Ĳʣ۾ݲ°ɳӵˡҾ˵Լ˵Ҳ⡭ͻȻЦ
αأ˵Լš




195 ôô
 

ЩĲٸ
ǲһҲѰ˵ţļ
شˣһܿҵһӺʵĵˣֻԺҪһ˼ҡ
ЦݺãҲСŬҵôһ˿˿ǿÿ˵ԼƭԼ˵ĶǼٻ
Цɣû˿ǿúЩҪʧȥˡ
ûʲô˵ģûеĻҾȻȥˡ
ЦЦ干˵еΡ
㡭ףҸµ˵ʲôʲô˵֮ǳʧȥˡ
ͷתͷ˺һһ:ҾȻȥİɡ
һͷȥɣվһվҲΡ
Ȼ˵ˣҲûбҪĥˡ
һİҷôĲҪΪʲôҪˣ
ߣץסһļЩʧصʵ
û߼ĵĻ˶٣ûͷǰߡ
㲻Ǻ𣿡ΪʲôҪʵԭֻǺһֱû취ԡ
֪ˣҲںڡ幺һ븴ϣֿ
𣿿ҿжںһЦǽںĻһǰѵ
ôںˣ
ãȻô֪㡣һͷ˳ƿưݸһƿ
һ͵һʱûϲãû˽ڶʱ䣬󵽵ȥˣʲôطʵֻҪܲĵ°ʱ䣬סԣںĻӦûɹȥɡ仰˵Ļ£᲻ȥ𣿡
һЩЦԹ壬԰
ѵ󻻳ɶĵĻºͷɹȥ˰ɣﻹȵõڡ
һ仰˵Ĳں
ھѹΪϰеߣôһЩϲϲԲһ𡣡
һһֱúУҲ˽幣֪ʲôˡ
һ仰˵ԹԵĺȾƣûеôϲɡ
ԼȾƣһҲûߣʱҪԼɡ
Լһ˾ĴһͨˣԸԺټʱԼпǷ󣬵󿴵Ҳź
һֺž߹۾ﻹһᡣ
ôҲˣһܾȣոպûп
ԭҳٵˣҵʱҺֻܹԲˡֺЦЦٱһҲЦЦٱ
ƣֺһֱڴ
ۣһֱңе㺦£еŻŵġ
⻹ֺùֲ˼ġ
ûм㴩Ԫص·쿴úܺÿ
˵ĲһԼƵ·ʱ򣬺йŵ˵ʣͺǴӻ߳ǵˡ
𣿡һҲߣֱתһȦ
Ȼ˵ÿǵûЩ򡣶㿴ЩͼȫҪõģҴҲôķ㡣
˵꣬һ̲סЦԼ²ԼƵ·ĺ
ÿҪ۵ģУǾŸӦ˶ˡ
ֺĵĿйעǾŸȷʵܲ
Ǻһϵһףʱ봫ͳԪؽϣׯֲʧÿɰɫҲܺÿֲûһĿ
лĿ佱ԺƷпĻһһס
ӶЦǸʶǻûʲô
ֻ˶ҪΪЩ׼ģǵߣֳǹڣûþͰѡ
̰غտ߸ϵʱ򣬺һֺվһ𣬲ûʲôԽݵľٶȥҲڽ̸
غա̰غյӰһĵǱ߹ȥǵסĸ첲
ôˣһΪ㹫˾½Ͳء
ǰһǶ˵ˣ̰غ˵ҪĻͲˣҪϵʱٰף
̰غչֺǰͷһºһĶͷ
æ˾͹ˣϲ㣬ڿԹظ߱ĸƷˡʱ䣬ȷʵίˡ
лл㣡ģ㣬ôôգһ˵ţЦ֣һĵķĶ
ǲԶֺЦʧ




196 ԺԶ
 

Ҹոڸ˵أ㲻ɣҪǽȥٺ㣬ڲԷƢŶ
һԹ̹ףʵҲͦ³̰غջģֺѣܲΪ̰غղϲͲˡ
ϲݣҲֹ̰غոӴ
ûϵ֮ͥ£ʲôóԴ׵ġ̰غЦЦٴĶͷ
̰غôԣһ˿Χȷûע⵽ߣһա
̫ˣûҳԴף̰غסͻȻ죬ԭϵЩ۶ĵȫһɨա
غգҲˡֺ߹ȥк
㶼ˣôԲ̰غޱ飬ߵһƣ˾٣һ
ֺ΢΢һЦҲеľһ
ǲ̫ˣæе𣿡һĵĿǣϲڵģ
ԣæˣԺԾȥ㻹ཡ
ŵǡ̰غĲ˵뾭ŮѸӣ
˵ʲôأһһֱ:˵ҳԴ׵ô
ողŽôˣ
ĲŵǣҲֻĩŹȥ
ֺɫ˰ȴָֺܿ:Ҽǵùཱུ˰ɣʱҹȥ𣿡
һյĺ20ң¸ཱུܾˡ
ðʱһ཰һȤpartyǴҶҪһཾϲֵġ
˵ཱིôҲǵһڹڹգһô˸ա
ǰڹʱⲻȹڡҪٰpartyĻÿ᲻ŵھӣǶǱȽϼ򵥵ľˡ
ãǵʱһȥֺͷҲþûпСһ֪Сһû
̰غյĵȻɹֹϵЩټϺһеĻʵ̫ˣЩۣͱ˹ȥ֮ǰˢѵĻ⣬ҲѰ
ԣһ֪йֻ⡣Ǹʱڻ᳡棬Ͼֻ
ⳡᣬ˵Ǻ΢Ϊģ˵˹æʱϾ˼ֻҲеġ
ôͻȻȥʹˣ˵ûпܹȥġ
׼ʱ򣬺һǾ֣ǰһ춼Ѿ˵ȥģͻȻᶼܹȥ϶è塣
Դˡ̰غĲ룬һڻش
ţʲôԴˣ˵Դ׵𣿶ڻ᳡ʱˡ
˵ֺȥԳԴˣҲҪȥ̰غղ֪׷ʲôҴҵǱܡ
ɣҾǸǺѣҲŮѣӲʲôĹϵ˵Ƕ˼ҲȲеĵλǣ
һЩôô
Ҳǲ㣬ҾϲԴףܡ̰غ̧Ŀһۡ
ǣɣѧĶůһž̰غۣͬغ
̰غջͷСһôģѵΪС
һЦЦû˵ʲô׼˵ڶůճ䷹ˣҲԶͻȥҲ㡣
̰غսѵõĺͻȥˣ֮ǰǼһֱƤҪ˯
һҲɲ٣̰غղڣҲԺúϢϢ
֪ǳ̰غղǻȥȥһˡ
ϡͣôпңȲ軹ǺȾƣ
ֺԼĹԢ̰غյʱ򣬲Ǻ⡣
֪̰غսΪʲôἱҴҵĹȥˡ
ԺԶһ㡣ѣ֪Ҫһ˶
켱ҴҵĹȥΪԴףҲΪŲһǺʱЩΧȥʱһЩ߲ҵҪĻǺһֺҲûʲôľٶ
˭ǰŮ𣿿û˵Ǻѡֺ𴽽ǣĸ̰غյ衣
Ǹİɣ̰غյϢ˼֣鵽ĲǸ
ǲﲻ𣿡ֺûֱӻشһ裬ᴵ˴һ
ǾۿԸıҸ֮ĸ𣿡ЦֱЦ
̰غǷŭģҺܷŭһֱΪֺôϲһҲֶԺһ顣
˭֪Ŀ࿴ǰһ𳤴ˣͱˡ
ܸܲı֮ĸҲ֪Ҫȡһϲˡ




197 һҪ
 

һ֪ô룬жٿܣ
̰غ΢΢𾪣ֺȻô롣֪ˣúǰһû뵽ô˲˼顣
ѵǵڶѩ֪ԼòҲҪƴȥȡܲ˵ģǻ˺ˡ
ûпҶҪȡһ£ҪףҴûзһˣҲԸҪҶİ٣ĻҪ
ֺһѽƿ𽥵ܲˣǰΪֻҪһĿģֻҪһҸҲͻνҲҸ
ʱûйĿġźһ̰غջһڿĵôԽܡ
ǰЩ뷨ԺἵʣʵҪԸһ̰غûһҲϣ⸱ĵģ
֪ϲġ̰غҡҡͷţֺΪʲôӣ
˭涨˭һʼҪϲģŸһлرҲˡϲҰҪʽսӽ쿪ʼһ׷ֻҪûн顣ǽΣֻҪܸı⣬Ҷܿġ
ֺ˵ֽ꣬ϵĲ貦һߣһߵľùԼһһ
ãܺãҵҪжңСڽ϶˰ɣ̰غ˵꣬ˤŶȥ
ѵð硣һΪǸĬĬ׵ء
ݴ߳˫֣ơãӴӪֶˡ
һ˵ûϲӦȥȡȥȡΪ㣬ȡĻ뻹һ˿ϣ
ֺЦЦҲáƭԼ˵Ҹͺãһ
Ͷϵĸ˽׵ĵȻ˾Ҫõرǰ
ЦֽľùҲһڡ
ǸˣŲҶ˵ҲǶˣ˶Ҫرġ˵ǲǣĸԸֻɱûأ
һǰǲ˺ǵ£ҷ˺ǡǾûбҪ̸ȥˡ
ֺȻõһҲͺһһ𣬵ҲԼĵߡ
İɣȡôܻ˺ǡֻһǻ£˵ǵĸôӦиɻŶԣôܻΪǵֿأ
ݾһһĶҡֺģȻֺҲ¡
Ҷ֪ˡҪûʲôȻȥɡ
ֺȥЩƣȷʵġҪͺһٴγڹڵǰ
û뵽̰غôͷӦ뵽Ӧ֮ߣİӪѺͻѹȥ
ðɣȻˣҾˡΡ
ЦҪѾõֺ߾߰ɡ
֪̰غ⻹⣬ͺһĻ⣬˶ǰ档һ졣
཰̫үүүү㣬ְûҪ˼𣿡
⺢ӶˣôϽ飿
Ҳ֪ѽ̫үүһأǣֲҡ
СƵĻش֪ʱǳܶ죬ʱúܣǺҲûҪš
㶼һǵͲǲ飿Ͳְ費鲻һ𣿡ܺӣôһνģ
ҪһһඣǲһǿʲôҪΪҶһȻ컥࿴˳Ҳķϣ
ߣֻûĻľ
ߣүӽеĻľ:ôལ͸һ̫үү
үӺǰ֮꿴ӽء
̫үүתͷ:㲻ǻкܶôܽ飿ôҲ˵˽˵ɣ
һ˵һһˣǻҪôûн˵Ժ᲻һĺȷġ
ȥǡүӺུ۵Сۣεҡҡͷ
ȥȥˣ˵ڵ̫үүǸС˵СءӦչ
衣ת˿ǻүӵӣϻҪס
ལôһͷһСԴ
Ǵʲôʱ顣ཻͷָָ߷иͯء
һΪѡ
Ȼ㶼ˣ⣬Ըסһ𣿡




198 ͬʼ
 

ͷһ̰غҲЩŵؿĻش
֮ǰһ˵𲻴Ӧͬӵ¶ȫཱུ̬ȡ
ҵͷҡͷأܸо˲ģ۾ǲǵĵ
ǵ£סһأǲסһأ
һСԴҪʱ
Ҿöԡཻش:ҾǶˣҪסһסһɣʡȥģϿҲȫ
⻰Ȼڹĳ̰غգҲǳ̰غյһһλཱུĻô˷ܡ
˵ǽסһˣһͦģǰΪིϲͳ̰غһסа˳ܾһġ
˭֪һʣȻϡ
ǲȻأ˵ˣҿɲԸ˵ڡСɰǼǱһ׷ӣҪһסĻҾСɰһˡ
཰СɲΪ˰̰غգɶΪԼ
һҪлл㡣̰غոж֣Դ
ҪлҵĻͲҪҵͷ㲻֪ͷ᳤ߵ𣿡
ཾСͣߺ͵ģһͳ̰غӶЦܹıǵĸ
ϣү˵ҪСһһ˯СһﵹǺûϴ֮ͱԼСӹԹԵȥķ䡣
ȻȻģһͳ̰غһסˡ
û뵽Ӧźһ̰غĶ㣬ǰý᲻νԴӺͺһһ֮顣
ÿ𴲵һ۾ܿһ뿴СԸ𴲵ģ뿴ֵĶֻһ塣
ƽġһЦЦڲཻѡ̳ĺӺɡ
ȷʵƽ⡣Ȼϲ˵ﵽǵĳ̰غյģ˵ԭԼĩҪһԷ̰غճһЩͻֻǲ˯ͷˣĩˣװ²һ䡣
ҪͽˣȻĻͬġĺǰཿ϶Ҳһھܾ
˵ʲôʱ֤˰ɡ̰غ˵ţڱӴͷóݵһϡ
㣬ҸĻڱ
ٰңҾ֪ˡ
̰غ˵꣬ͷ:ˣˣ˯ɡ
ʲôһеĻڱ㶣ô°
ȷҪסһ֮󣬳̰غյĶܿ죬ȥĵ졣̽˼˾ȥæҡ
ȵһ°ʱ򣬿տҲķ䣬һ
Ǹʲôǰȥסˣⷿָֻհʱǰģ
ҡ˵ҪһȻԽԽá
֪ڰңôʹҰһסˣôø˵һɣ
ǲ˵Ҫסһ𡣡̰غûԼ֪Ȼ˵ҪһǾ˵ʱˡ
һû׼Ҳûиҡ
һͻȻЩһжһֲõģôĸˣҲû˵Ҫȥͳ̰غһס
㡭̰غЩ㵣ʲô
ôһЩ
ǲʲô֣һ֡
һҪҵĶʱٵø˵һҵĶҲõҷǳϲ֪Ҫһסʵǡ
һתͷȥˡ
ûôֻ࣬Ҫһϲ̰غҲ֪ôҪȥϰ࣬ǰҵ鵱Ȼˡ
ˣʲôû£ȥ཰ɡһһֱСһҪѧˡ
ûҿ̻ԭ̰غסֻ֣һϲ
񾭣һεĵһ:˼ҰȥĲ𣿡
ǡôģһ󣬺һһαֳôġ
ȻңҺܺúģһҾͺˡ
һ⸱żģͻȻЦǸӣֲñ˵̸ȷʵǲ̸
֮Ͳ̸ģòġ
Աã̰غűһ仰
ۡһ̲סЦ˳ֱס
塭Ҳ̫ɰ˰ɡ
̰غյͷͷ:Ҳ̫ˡ
´ξͲҪţұٰģϾһعϲסˡ
ĲõģҲ˺ܶ£ҲͬĻ䡣




199 
 

ãԺҲôˡ̰غһڴӦúһ
ˣҽֺˣҾҪ˵һȻϹԴס
һſ˵Ҳ֣֪ΪʲôֺΪæ˵ԭɡ
ֺôһ뵽ֺ˵Ļ̰غն־ûʲôɫ
ţ°ʱģ΢һʱҪ̫Źһʱɡ
ⶵתתĻǵûȥȥĶڶǳŵԱ
΢巺кôܣ΢己źһºһɩ
ʵ΢кǸǳк΢̸ģ̸ġ΢巵˼Ǿܾǲʲôڣ
һЩˣ֪΢已ϲѩǰֺ˻Ѻð
ֺˡ̰غٴ˵ϣһ˼ֺԶһ㡣
ûаҾû䣬ǰû䡣񣬻Ĵơ
Щ˵ԺͶˡξ˰ɣһһֱֺû䣬Ƕóֺˡ
Ҿˡһʺ΢巵ʱ򣬺΢Ҳͷ
ûǰһ͸ое΢˵ţһսĸоġ
ǾûǰˡҲͷһˣҲоˣ;ֵֹģɾְɣ˵
ǸӴĲ࣬Ҿû䰡ǰһ
ôǶ˵ˣ⼸ǰһ
ûб䣬Ǳˡ΢һ£˼ĵͷ
Ҹ˵һεĺֱӸ»Ǳ̸ģȫûоҵ֣ǰġ
΢ĸܾȥ̸ܾʲôõĶ
һεĺԼ㶼֪𣿡һˣ΢ôҲ˵ǳܲð
Ĳ֪Ҷ֪ͬﵽʲôǰϼһɲԿҲġ
΢ʼ磬ǸʲôĺԼ޹ء
һΪ֪أԼҪȥ̫һʱ䣬˵ҪʲôƷơ
һһʼΪǺ΢ָչʾԼĻš
ȥѹ̫ţˣұҪˣɱҵģ
΢ǴҪ֪һҪȥ̫ţСɲ
ۣ㷴Ӧе󡭡Ѿ֪ˣû˵ʲôֲǺ΢̸ĺҪȥ̫ȥ⣬غ΢巵ɡ
ң̰غղֱ˵ˣӦҲ֪΢ǳﴦǺܺãӦò̫Ϊ
ûҵ΢Щ£˵Ҳ⣬Ҫúչ˺һġ˭֪и֪ģܵ»Ǳߣǩ˺ͬ
˶Ҫɳȥˣ֪ô˵ʧְˡ
û˵ʲôģеңҲ֪ǱߵͷôģȻĿ˺ζ죬ҾС
ǿһһϲѩҺŸɵĺζ졣
˾ʱʱȥʱʲôҪˡ
ģ΢üҪҪȥܲܰ˵˵ùȥ
԰һҪȥˡһЩΣû취飬Ϊ˹
㲻ĻҿԳͺζ콻棬ܲ˳һεĿ
΢ЩģķΧºһܵ۸
ˣ㲻øԴһҡҡͷֻҪ飬ͲǺζ컹ô
Ǻһ̫Źȥζ򿧷ȡ
ȥ򿧷ȣһţѲĿĹȥ򿧷ȵ
ô𣿡ζЦôѣ
Ѳ㻹浱ԼǴС㣿ȥͬҲûʲôɣ
ζЦɲǺ΢巣΢巺˵һãοǺһӲܺ˵ˡ
áһ˱۾֪ǹѣûʲôúġ
Ҫȿȥˡ
һţȥ˺ζָĿȵҪĿȡ
Լһ˴СſȻʱ򣬺һΪѿ͵ͺˡ
˭֪Űѿȷϣζͽһļ˦мڽ׵ĵذϣ˴Ŀġ
ô£ȶȥɨɨȥëëŵģС¶ã治֪˾ʲô




200 ˱̫
 

һһǹҲġһʦôִܻӵĻȻҲִӵĻֻ˵Ҫ
Ȼ˾ǩĺͬʦְλǾӦøӦְȥ򿧷ȼ̶
𣿡һЦΪԼһͿԺգ˭֪ǵĵôߡ
棬ô棿ζҲЦ:ǳ̰غյŮѣָʹȥ򿧷ȣ˵ȥö氡
òײץһΣһλһǹģΪʲôúһλأ
һλᣬ֪ҪȵʲôʱأȻúúú档
ġһߣ޶ԣϵأҪȥ
ʲôأûƢ
ģԺ㲢ءζվ¶ɵУ֪˿⸱Цݣ浱޺֪˿Цݣһ֪ڴĲʲô⡣
һ˵ת뿪ȴ˺ζ첻
ˣǼЩϼһǿ˵ʱҵǲ㲻뿪˾ǳſɲˣҲʲôȨˡ
ζһʤȯյģǩǸͬвٹİŰ
һεĺ˵ǳĿֺô£˵̸ͬײǩ
ҲһܻӣֻҪʱԹҵĻǳŻǺǰһġ
ζ쿴סıӰЦЦǰȥŽǵϰѵݸ
ίһһµغһпҪɲҪÿ˿ǳģʱȥ˼ҿɲ֪ô˵΢巣˵֪ô˵ǲǣ
ҲΪܹܺһãԾһ°ɡ
һһŬԼƽ
ãϵǻܳȥһܣŪ㡣
һһѽϰѶζЦЦС߳ȥˡ
֪˶ãһĴӻϰһӣһĺζ졣
ܣȵǮͲøˣѾˣȻȥ칫ңʲôºڽҡ
һ˵꣬ͷҲصʦ칫ȥ
ζЩõԤУͺһôΣ֪ˣô۸
Ȼٴδ򿪻ҵĴŵʱһŨҵĿζӭ׵ĵذȫǿȣ
һ˭ĵôģȻĿȫ˵ذϣľȣ
ôˣζ̴Ӹڵİ칫˾ܹصĿȵʱҲһ
ţô°챣࣡бఢ̣Ů鼱ææͳֻ绰ڲ
ޱȲöȥҺ΢巹Աĺ£
ζ˵ţŭĳ嵽΢巵ܲð칫ҡ
΢巣
ʲôʲô𣿲˵ȥѧ˺üò
΢巶øûʲôɫ˵ȻѺһ
ȥҵĻңĺһŪʲôˣ㻹ǻῴˣ
ζòûѪһôôȻҰѺúõһŪ
ѻŪʲôˣܣһģһôãԽص顣
Լȥ֪ˣ˵꣬һˤŶȥ
΢һ£Ҳվȥ뿴һôǵˡ
˰ɡĺ£
صĿȻ̵ôȣĳ˵һ
΢һûЦ벻Ǻһɵ¡
úһôɿ϶Ǻζʲôֵ¡
ô£һҲڣֻƬ֮ʡ
ô¶ıʦɵģǸʦ̵ȣÿ䶼ûء
ޱҲĻشҲͿߺһоʲôôռˣôǲƽ
ֶʲô΢붼룬̷ʡ
ңܶʲôʱҾͱˣ
ޱôһʣЩȷʵ֪һ׾ʲô
Ȼ֪ʲô΢Цë
԰йǲġζŭ𣬽ޱԼ󣬿ź΢巡
ðǾͽ΢ûʲôµģ֪һˣԲԵ޹ʵİѿȵҡ
ζ쿴һޱޱͷ첽ȥҺһ




201 
 

һ˵İŪ
˵ʵ΢벻һȻô
Ҹɵģôˣʲô⣿һǣһ˵һġ
ûʲôˣûĻαҪֳһỹ˾ֺܹ飬Ҳú΢ΪѣȻζ춼۸ͷˣͲɵվ۸
⡭΢巳ĴָôԺζ졣
֮˲ңҲˣҪԺҪһǾͺúøദҪǰһױظһסֲǺ󹬣ҲҪ裬Ϻܸ˺һŮ˶˼𣿡
һߣðִءڹΧ۵ô࣬ԺôҶָֻš
㡭ζȻû뵽ȻôݣģͰˮá
ʲôһ˸ҵ𣿸ո˭ָʹȥ򿧷ȣȥ򿧷û⣬ˣ˭ļڿϰѿȸˣ˵ëëŻҪָҡ
һ԰ȥһ飬ʡ˵˵̣˾Ĺ̡ܽ
ȥ򿧷ȣίͰѵذŪ𣿡ζ쿴Χ۵˶ڶָָ㣬˽ģЩߺǰһץסһֱۡ
ܣ˵ˣ˲ңҲˣҪǵңҿ϶ҲûʲôɫģҸ˾ǩͶͬ/
һЦЦֲһ
ð΢巣ҵĺã̳˻ζָź΢巣߷ߵ˵
ܲǨŭãһû쵼ŻȡãһǲǺҲȡãοءûʲôµĻҾȻȥˣܺΪ֮
ҲǺ΢巵һοһôݣ˶쿴ˣߣ΢Ҳ첽ȥţҪΪһķ˿ˡ
ˣȻǰҰһˤһԼϵİʳ
һһңôôҸ˵ҶҸô˵΢巼ץס˫ֱ֣̫һˡ
ǱƳģΪԸô׵ģұģ̫۸ˣ
ʲô취ֻܸ˼ӲͷƤˡ
ҲˣĲôң˾ҵһο˸ôǺŻô
һε̾һʵֻúøˣҲȫˡ˭֪ǵһʽ룬Ǻζ͸Ūô³ܲ
Ȼ㶼ֱˣȻȥҶ»㲻ҪٸǸĿˣҲⲻȥ
ǸĿˣʵʦҲǿԵģǲ֪ڴʲô⣬յҪһȥ
ˣûʲôʱҴù˼Ҿˣ
һҡҡͷ˵֮ǰдùĵͷǾ˽֮󣬾ԽԽˡ
Ȼô˵ˣ΢Ҳ˵ʲôֻȥ
̰غ˵ºûʲôӦԴӺһҪǸĿ֮ȫźһֵ֮鷳
ͦĺһģСؿų̰غգڿڡ
ܣôĺС㣿߿ɶЩ̫öԸˡ
ûģһڵñŽȺЩǶڵȴʱ׼ᳯ֡
ʲôõĵģ㲻֪˵𣿡
̰غͷҲ̧ĴϵĹ
ȵסͣŵĿų̰غա
̣ܡ
£ڳˣ̰غ̧ͷô˵ˣ
һһԶ˵ô໰ͻȻежЩп˳̰غôˣĻ̰غպһԺ˵ô֡
жĻ͸Ͻȥﷳҡ
̰غտһۣ漴ǶԺһģҲˣһһ۸ˡ
ƲƲ죬᲻ӣֱģˡ
һ¡̰غͻȻ̧ͷס
ڣʲôԸ𣿡еܿģ͵ػͷڴĿų̰غա
ʱҶֺкζ죬һûʲôһεĺ̫ͬڴɣֺȥǳ̸΢巵֣ǳǱߵĿʵʩߺ͸˻Ǻζ죬ô붼òԾ
ܣǻ֮ʲô۾ģǸòǹһ˰ɣһԸǣ
ֺܰˡ




202 صȥ
 

ѲҲֺˣ̰غ΢΢۾Ϊʲôÿһ˶ֺĸоôã
ȷʵˣ㿴Ϊ˺С㻹ԼֳӦòǲɡ
ڨڨһЦʵҲǺܶӡֺ˰ɡ
ǶԶôġһҲǣԼĻǲֺܺӴ
̰غ˼һ£ֺˣ˺Ѱͻһ
ܲãȻô˵ҲܻɻأҲпܱɺˣ鶼˵ģֻ˵Ҷܵĸоȷʵ
˵ֺЩ˵ԶǸۺķӡ
б𣿡ΪʲôĸоôԴֺӹ֮󣬸оԽԽԶ
ֲӴ֪˵ĻôϲС㣬˵ܷŵ¾ͷŵµģȻҪִһʱ䰡ܲҲúһƽϣֻҪమģҪ¼ɣ˭ܰǷֿ
һ˵б仯ĻҲǸϵı仯ɡ
Ҫô˵ص㡣̰غ俴һۣŬŬ죬ˣɽֻܲˡ
ȷʵǱˣڸϣԺСȽִһЩΨһܸоġ
Ҳоˣԭֹֻһ˿Բ
ΪһҸܲȥʱ򣬿СԽԽʲôǸǰһҪѺһռΪеָо
ˣ֪ˣȥɡֻҪܸоУһһҲԲġ
ο̰غջصҵʱ򣬺һɳϣ˫֡
οҿ˵úζ춪˺ܴ
̰غպЦĿ˵ο˲ɣӦһͿصĺζǡ
飡һ죺۸ȵģô죿һûأ
Ȼô浱һӣ˭
ãǱ̰غЦЦչ˫֣ס
ʵǺĿҪȥûа취ֹ㡣
ȷʵһռǳǿҵˣÿһ֪һ֪һҪֺӴͻĽ⡣
ΪѾǳǩͬˣǵԱµʦҲܸ⣬Ҳ΢巾Ϊѡ
ʱǳŹҲó΢巵Ĵ翴ôá
ԣܲ鷳Ͳ鷳ɡ
֪ԣ˳ˣ͸ҡܸĴۣǳ̳
ʱ˳΢巣ȵùһʱܸܲɱ¶
һЦЦⱲӲҼ﹤ģĸţǹϵкܶʱʲô滰
ã㡣̰غյͷĶͷ
һε֮󣬺ζûôǺһһεĶôѾ»֪ˣҾ
һĹͦ˳ģڿʼҪȥ̫ˡ
߽̫ŵĴŵʱ򣬺ܶ˶ڿҲںк
˵Ӧǳ³˰ɣ˵ˣһһʱ䣬ʰ˰칫ңĸڡ
㲻ڵҶˣ¥µ̲꣬ÿһ11ʱҶ֪Ҫ˭ȣҲûԸ˵˶ܾദԸ˵
û취ϾѾ뿪ˡ뿪ķʽرĹʡ
ûϵûϵ˵һλ£ǰɣ£ǿԺȺܶ11̲ˣ
³˵ţĵıסһҲЦı
³˵ԽԼĵܵˡ
ȿȣͻȻ͵͵Ŀɿ˴ˣͬʱתͷȥ
һӭֺֺչ˫ۣȴúһԭء
ӵ׸òýܣ
һ΢סı飬ֺɫ˰ѵѾӵ
ôҳ̰غհܵô֮ӵ𣿡
ֺżִȤζ΢һЩεĳ档
˵ʲôأȻԣһ˵ţ߹ȥ󷽵ĺӵ
ܹ̫￴㣬á·ص˴ǰ
ô߿ҾͲˣһЦֺͷЦ
ǣ̫￴㣬ͷ·ǸʶǻһҪܻصȥͺˣһ˵أ
ȵĿźһϣ˵ϣصȥ
ȥȥɡһҡҡͷȥҲûʲôġ
ѵصȥ𣿡




203 㲻Ҫƽ
 

ǱϾģô˵أǻصȥġ
ֺźһĶԣǰһ㶼ǰð
ϵʱȥȥཡǿ޼ɵĽ̸Ӵⵣǵġ
֮صȥùȥãǶΪزȥˣΪزȥԲŻáѽôˣúĴܲãȡܹĿɹ
һЦﻹصȥ˶һֱǰߵġǰߣˣôˣ
ǵ˵صȥֻصĴѧʱ⣬صְڵʱ
áһŬǿһǺ⡣ֺҲ׷ʡ׼ȥһ͸÷˰ɡ
Ҿȥҵİ칫ҿˡһΪʲôͻȻ䲻Ǻֺһ
³ҲЩΣֺ֪ôˣΪʲôҪ˵ֻȥ˵ʵ㲻ô¡
ܾ߶߶ǼȽ϶࣬ԲŻɡ³ǿ⣬Ǻһջֺϰߡ
ûʲôҿģﾭô£˵ڹȥȽϺá
һҡҡͷû⣬ֻǾѹ֣롣
ȷʵǣ˵Ҳر룬ֶ࣬ЩԾ
³ͷֻҪһУԺҲԺúù
ˣһԷʱҲϰɡȻҿѹҲá
һһ£ҲͦûкֺһԷˡ
ʵΪѣԸ⿴ֺǰһǰֺܹ˸ܵĳǿֶůġ
ððֿһԷˣһļұȽϺóԵСˣ
³ļˣþûкһˡ
аɣ޵ͽǳ³С
˵һתԼİ칫ң³ʮֿĵȥ˲
һԷˣ̰غմ绰׷տͿϢŸˣﲻǺ
ҽҪͳ³ֺһԷϻȥٸóԵģ
һںֺ棬ѾϰԵĺͳ̰غձˡ
ӦһԷġˡ
֪ҽ첻Ǹչ̫ԡһЩ˼Ҫֺ״̬Ҳ̫УһܴܲЩʲô
аɣȥ㡣ʾһȨñ֪һŮѡ
õģϹԹԵҡ
һЦЦһǣĵĹ˵绰
С㣬ҿԽ𣿡ͻȻţһ̧ͷ˵
ǡǰŮӣһһЩ㵣ǰûм
Сãܲõ飬ҽĭŮӳ˸ҽܵ
ãʲô𣿡
ĭӴｫһԿͳݸܲҽģ˵ʱ乫˾ɵĳ
һǰԿסûȥӣͲҪʲôУң̰غվ
Ҫûȥɡһҡҡͷ⳵òûȥɣǼܲãøҰЩͰҵһͨԱͺá
ʲô⣬ҲǰİõĽĺá
ܲ˵㲻ӵĻҾҪ۹ˡĭˣģﾭִˡ
ãԿһȥһûʲô°ɣ
ֺʲôʱˣȻвһС顣
ܲһСʱпա
һͷһٹȥˡ
ûãһһʱ䣬Կܲð칫ȥ
һôˣһǲҪһȥԷ𣿡ʲô£һԷʱ˵ͺˡ
ǹ£һȥԷ˽¡һЦЦ
ðɣ˵˵ʲô£
㡣һԿ׵ݸֺֺһ£ûȥӡ
ʲôѽǹ˾ɸĳ¾ǣֻʱɸġֲȫ͸ȻԸյĻġ
ҲҪԾͰû˶֪ģʵҲҪʲôڣÿغնҹһһȥ⳵õģҪˡ
һ˵ֽԿ׷УǾԲġ
ǲҸʲô㶼˵ҪֺͻȻЩŭģϣԺ̫ŹܹһЩ




204 Ī
 

ǰǾⲻʣòһЩ֣ǲĳõô
ʲô˵Ҫ룬ǲҲҪˣ
ֺúһЩѹȸУ
İ㵱Բʲô˵ʲôĲҪʲô
ڳ˺úùҪһõĹ⣬Ҫˡ
ҲǣԴ˳̰غԺҪʲô̰غտԽ㣬̰غտ㡣ܸĳǰٻԸȷʵǲҪˣ԰ɣ
ֺЩҵЦЦôôأ֪˼ҲҪͰ͵ϴա
ǣģҲ֪ΪʲôᳶϰغաغҵѣǽĹУǺģҺѣʲһ
һŬȥǣóڵֺѾˡ
ѣʹ𣿡һʼͲѣһ
Ҿǲ̫ˣ
һ˦˦ͷѾȷľܾ𣿶Ҳǿ˺ܶΣֻѡ
ۣ˵ۣһΪʲôͲܻͷһңһֱһֱͷһۡҲѣһȹ֪ģ
ֺͻȻЩʧصץסһļ򣬺һɺͻȻЩ¡
Ҳһ˵ˣҲ㹲һҲ
һʼ˵ʱҸ׵ʱҾ˵Ҳϲ㡣ֻǰ㵱ҵѣǸʱ˵Ա־벻ٽӴ˵ǵҲܿģڡ
һЩۣôأ֮ǰǶúõ
ԲáֺӦſ˺󼸲Լ̫Ѩ
ҾбҪú˵һɫ࣬ʧأһֱѡ
Ǹոʧصʱһİˡ
һԸֺͷոôͿƲסأѾôˡ
ҪĻǱ־ɣҪģû㡣
һ˱۾ʹʹȻûиᡣֺȴûġ
˵ʲôֺ͵̧ͷģԺ󲻻ˡ
ѵǻ־𣿾һμ棬һμ涼֪ǼǰˣҪô־룿
֪ۣҲ֪㾭˺ܶ¡㣬ǲ̫áһǺȷĸ㣬Һ֮ûκεĿҪôֻѣҪôѶɡ
һҲѹ֪ô߳ģǰˣֻôʱʱ̶̿ʱǰأ
̬ãˡһҾѾûʲôԱֵˣѵǻԶ𣿡
ΪһˣֻҪܹǰ֣ŬԼ
ȫǶİôأ
ⰡҶǺþˣ˵һȥԷ𣿡
ǽֲµʱ򣬳³˷߽ܵһֱڴľۻġ
ôˣ³ǵĲԾЦݽϡ
ûʲôҺòҲպõ㣬һȥԷ
һЦ˿³ֿ˿ֺ
ȥɡֺͷû뵽һԸһȥԷ
ϣҸ˵ҵһҾԺóԣǿԳԸϺˡ
³Цܾöûôˡ
ǵһ£ȥһҵĶ˵꣬³Լİ칫ȥ
³ϾͿʼڴǵľ۲ˣҲʧ
һͷֺ͵ֺͷ֪һӡ
ĺܶԲ𡣡Ҳ֪ΪʲôͻȻͿƲסˡ
ûϵԺҵõģʺġһҡҡͷ˵ʲôҲܹ鷢չҲкܴΡ
һʼͼĺ־룬Ļ˵ԼѵĻ˵Ҳнķ
һԺ𣿡ֺЩ£ǼĻԽԽ١
ɣһϺ˵仰ء
һ˹촽ȫ綼վһҲǼء
֪һε£һβǺܿͳûûӰô֪
ô10ǰѶ԰ǵóοѵһ£




205 
 

һĻһֱֺĶ߻죬Ϊһεһһ㶼֪ġ
Ͼ̰غٶȰѹȥûãûûӰˡ
Ǻһô֪ģȥ˵֡Ѳڸ˵̰غѾˣ
ĭ뵽ֺ̰Լн
ܲãʲôԸأе̽˿ҵ
ȥһ飬Ҹʱ䡣
ֺ˵ţһa4ֽҪĶ
ܲĭͷˣһл̫ȦӸӲ
ֻ֪һѾǳ̰غյŮˣֺ£˼Ҳ̫á
ʱ䣬㲻ùʲôȥȥ顣ĭеˣţһʱĭ֣ڿʼӦȦĹغ淽ʽ
ãҾܲãҸոո˲ͣһ춼ûгԶˣٻҪһɡ
ĭùպãҲ֪ܲܲóûʲôϵ˵Щ˾еѶˣ
ĭĻһ£þöûôˡ
ҵ˲ͣûгԷһͳ³иԵԼҲ꣬Ծͻûгԡ
ţθˣԾ͵ˣȥҪǲ˵Ļܲͳһɡ
ĭͷһļ˳ȥ
ֺԼһ˷˺þãǰһҲĹ
͵ϵʱֺ򿪲ͺеһסˣ˵Щ𾪺Ͳ˼顣
Ĳ˶ϲģҿζϲһģһϲУţžһжûС
ƽʱϲСа趹ĴлҲϲԵˡ
׵ϣϲâ֭Щĭģôô˽ϲã
ɲôֺﶼůůģ˶õĸоʵ̫ˡ
ĭĭҪȥ㲻˯һ𣿡
ĭŴܲð칫ͱԼѽס
Ҫȥܲһ󡣡
㲻Ǹ𣿡˺ֵ˵
ǣһܲݣ뵱ܲģȻһ˳ȥһ¶ԾһˣʱҲոպá
ĭЩü֪ôȥء
ܲҪʲôҾܲôеźӣ
ֺı仯ȷʵеԣȻҲܻõ
ǲǣǶܲˣܲûǰǸܲðֻ±Ƚ϶࣬˭˷£ƢЩ꣬һ̾͹ȥˣҲ˵ˣҪȥˡ
ĭ˵ţԼѵļ׼⼱Ҵҵ̫ܳŵĴš
ȫ̿ǶԻĺһͻȻͷЦЦת˰칫ҡ
ʵֺҲĬĬţҲܷĺܶࡣ
°ʱ򣬳̰غպһӺһ°ࡣ̫ŵҲֲˣɫģ͵ݻĺ붼룬˿϶ڵȺһ
ôô磬ûеȺܾãһһϳס˳̰غյһڡ
ûеȺܾã˵ˣΪʲôô㲻
̰غְϵ˰ȫһ˵
ţʲôҸʲôһһ£ʲô֪Ϊʲôô磿
һ˵ֺʧص£ҷ
޲̫﹤ֻ˵ûа취
﹤Ҳ°֮ʱһӡ
˵Ǽ£ͦģǲΪ﷢̫࣬Ż
һͻȻЩֺ˵ôصĻϾ⼸ֺͺǸʶʱһ۾ĸܴ⡣
ΪʲôҶġηģ˼ҶֱܵǰսˣٷĵĻŮѶҪߡ
úúãһҪ㣬ùԹԻشҡ
˵£һͻȻֺѵ¶
˵̰غյͷһβԹԻشˣ
һιǳǵϣҺֺ˶ݵѵһǰɣǺܿ죬Сʱ͵ˡǸѵӰ٣룬ǲ֪£
һѹģȻֶѣôܻô죿
ô֪һֱû˵ģΪһһֱû֪¡
ǺҵġΪͺ幵飬뿪˻᳡
뿪᳡صңֻҲ֪ܸʲôȻȻģͿȥֿٵĵʧӰ١




206 Ҳ׷
 

˵֪ˣһԵģΪԼúܺã˭֪һ֪ˡ
ȻΪأֲɵӡңǸʱ𣿡
Ȼָľֺ֮ǰһǲŵġ
ڿֺģ̬ȣеĲⶼòš
˵Ļ𣿡ǰһֱвŵ
ô˵ΪҲ㣬Ųҵģ
һЦôܣǲ벻ôෳհɡ
ʱ㻹棬Щ֪ܲͲ֪֪Ļôգ֪˷ӷա
һһ£Ҳǣ֪ĻܵʱͿʼĺֺԶˡ
Ե֮ʲô˵ĸ顣
ֲõʱһȥ˵Դˡԭô˵ءҲǸӣûֱӺҺܺú塣
̰غղ˵ֻ֪ʲôһЩĴչȥһۡ
ʲô
̰غյһֻۣźá
Сһ֪ϲϲһθСһ
ô˵СӵĸסǺһ˽Ҳã֪£ӦöСһ︺Ρ
ôָߣҪʲôһոտĹҳ棬һһ֣֪Ƕָ˰ɡ
ǶƵģͱĲ̰ͬغЦЦļһĶͷ
ǵúú׼׼СһˣӦ5Сһ¡صһջɡ
һΪཱུҲ̫Ǳ˼١5ûкúõСһգȻһˣһҪúСһһΡ
裬Ҫ𣿡Сһ۾ģ𴲵ʱ򣬾Ϳﲼõĺܲһ
ûģһЩãһӾ˽ˡ
԰صȥѧģҪ˫ĻǵģǶٲģһӣһСһ
ҪģСһһ£̿ĵ˵
㣿һǺΪʲôҪģҪ˫ĻҲ⣬֣մء
ΪʲôҪģһһСӡ
ΪĶһ꣬һˣԵһ㵰裬ཱུա
Ц˵ţ⻰ȴúһӯǰŶʱһ˹ڹ⡣
˵Ѱһ£ĸ˫һ˱磬޿
ûҪɱǣΪླྀȥϣ
ôһ˵˲⼸ܵĿ඼ֵˡ
ôˣǿǲΪ̫жˣ㲻Ҫ̫жˣҪӦСůж黰
˵§סһĲӣһա
һЩܲ˵Ĳ˲ᣬǸֵÿĵӣСһǵôɿ飿
˵Сôô𣿡һСһ죬һЩġ
裬ɿ֣˼ˣཿڳݲ£һסһ֡
ĶСɰʱôû˵󣿡
ǲֹһεؿСůཱུҶÿһζһܣû˵ʲô᲻ֻ
ȻأŮҲһɿ֣һཱུ
Сɰ˼Ժ޸裬Ժֲ޸ҡ
ཾСͣҪһææĽһС
ˣһСɰҪˣúô˼档У㻹кöͬѧҪŶ㶼Ҫչ˵֪𣿡
һĵľཻæźСů棬Сѡʱ˵ʱֲ÷
֪ˣ֪ˡСһǰ˼ٴתźһ˫ͷϱ˸ġ
Mama I love youСһӢܺãҲΪСڹԵʡԴӻعԺûкͺһ˵ӢġͻȻ˵Ӣģǿɰ
I love you tooһЦЦҲһǡ
̰غմ¥ʱ򣬾ͿĸԱ˴˵İ⡣֪ΪʲôȻཱུĴ׶ԡ
ȿȡĿ˼ĸתƵϡ
İɣҲ˵I love youġСһ˵꣬һˡ
̰غԼôСϲ
˵ͽˡһһˮùȥ
첼õú˰ɣҲǽһͿߵĲã֪̰غΪʲôô˯




207 ҿԼ޸
 

̰غЦЦץס֣ڴףŰ͹Ǳˮ
Сһﻹ֪㲼õأ㲻˵һ𣿡⺢ӣƻΪĸ׵Ĳõİɡ
Ҳǣ𴲿̰غֲõĻҲų̰غһƽ￴ȥ˻ôĵһ档
ûʲô˵ġЩԸģ֮ǰǼ֪Щ顣
֪ˣҲᣬԸȥô
ۣҺÿŶ
˭õѽúÿǲ߻˾ǵĻԺpartyҲǼҡ
һͳ̰غڳ˵Ļʱﴫһ
һͷһСǹˡཱུոȻ˵ҪӰġ
кҪɨӵˡ
ཱུˣȥкһ£ڻҪ⣬һϳԡ
һǶų̰غճȥ
̰غЦЦеıӵݻȥĶͷ߳ȥкСѡ
ۣĺúÿйŴķ񡣡
Ϊཻᵯ٣ԲŻ𣿺ɾŶ
ǵǻɵĵط
СǱԼǰĲ̲ס
ཾһԺվԱߣҲûмֹǷ
ѽҺϲַ񣬺ŴɾŶЦСů
Сŷɰϲϲ
ǡེƫģ
СһཱུСůϲϲʱ򣬴ܲ˵Ŀǡ
СůС죬ܿɰĵͷס·˳ҪҪôĿŵһ㡣
СѶ۾ǣһֱЦ
㶼ûиϲϲེ񲢲ŹСů׷ʵ
÷ŶҵȻϲСůţҪ˵ǺŶ
ཡ̰غտˣų֮ǰҪôã˼ȥûֲãСһϲһ㡣
һ̫ǹһĲõģ⿴̫ڳͽһ£ǹŷδƼĽϰɡ
ԴС¥档ôСѳֵľۼ⣬ķ
Ȼ룬Щ̫ԣ̰غȷʵôϲôСӣԼΧ
ཱུͷӦҪСǵģ˵춼ûϹ¥ء
壬֮ǰBིõļҲ߻˾
С߹ͷų̰غգ۾ġ
̰غյͷһ۴ŹȹСѣСôô໰
Ҳõġ̰غشҪǺһڵĻһ˵ᣬСŵ
СӺһ㶼ĻǾȵס졣
ԺԼ޸𣿡
̰غסˣʲôȻܶŮӴ󵨵ĺʾôСһСǵһμ
裬ԵģҰְġ㳤ûôޣǿɰ
һɫĺ˵û뵽ȻͬѧϲĸףҲ̫˰ɡ
ʲôģҳˣҲޣǸʱѾˣѾ˿Һѽʱѡҡ
СŮЩһЦһ߰Сģ
ʲôʱཱུ趼ġ̰غ䣬ļҵСôûò
壬ٿһżظңһûǺѩϵŮҽк衣ҰְֿǺ͹ռкģҲŵ
˵˫֣ǰ߸Լ°͡
̰غղ˵ƲƲ죬һԼߵСů
壬òϲСůһ˰ɣ˵ӵϲúͬòǺһɣϲɰ͵ģ
һ̰غûشתͷһһ
ĺһ߳һӦ
ôˣһһȫǴСССѣþöûпôСˣһĹԼİǿɰ
ཱུ裿Ҳͻðɣ壬Ժ󳤴ģҪҪٿһң
һ泯ĺһȻЩм˵
СС̰غյ˵һЦЦתͷһ£ٴεͷǸСѡ
Сѣܺ˵˻ûгءĻȳɣڻûʸŶ
һ˵ţס̰غյֱۣӶЦ
ǣҲûϵɫҡҡͷӲ
Ҳҵİְ֣ǲǻûн˵ǻûн飬ɷҲûаְ֡




208 ۸
 

һЦСﻹǲĿĲ
Ϊʲôûаְ֣ǸĺӰңϴģҲǵ׵ĺӡ
ô㵽״𲻴ӦҲܺÿģҾñཱུÿˣ
Сɲס죬ߴߴ׷ʵ̰غɫ𽥰
ٺͺӼƽϣǰСȻһòûеġһǵźһЩ
ÿǣҲϲ㡣̰غյһ㶼˵⻰ͺһһ˳
ûǸ츳ȥ庢ӣԼĺӺԼϲĺӵĻġ
οòҽ̵ĺأ
һЩãԷϾǸСոճ̰غ˵Ļ᲻̫Щ
ո˵᲻᲻̫ãҲǲ£ø̫ƽϡոտСӵ۾ˣһܳȥ
Ҳôֲ࣬ҵĺӣΪʲôҪ˼ĸܣղҲûй˼ĸܡ
̰غȻǶŭˣ⺢óģȴһһεĵߣΪﶼԼҲɣ
Ҳø̫˵ˣ⺢ӵ˭Ҳ֪һ˼ҼҳˣǶΡ
һ˵ţӱóһƿ̲ݸ
ʵ̰غյģղСʵڱʳ°غգ̰غϲ˱
˵ˣô˵ǰҪƣͺǳ̰غǷʲôһ⻰˭˭İɡ
ԺལÿһСѶ롣
ֲʶôûнԺٽӴЩ˵һѩء
ལһȫͬѧˣģҪͳҷɡ
һ޿ֵ˵Ϊ˶һһЩһཱུҲ¡Щ
Ҳܹһһ£ٽͬѧ֮ĸҲͦõġ˭֪ôһСѣƫƫֳ̰غ͡
䡣ڳߴߴʱСů߽
СůལôˣȥС𣿡
һ̶ӣһǵСӡ
̰غƲƲ죬ɣһʧˡ
ƽʱģǲҪ⡣Ҳ֪˵ʲô磬Ķͬѧ˭֪Ǹôʶô
ûϵְָ趼û⣬Ҳ⣬Ǻǰһɡ
ڽⷽ棬һһֱźԼжú˭棬ú˭涼̫ĸ档Ӷĵģܸܵó
ǰ̣Сů۸СůҸһﲻȻڳﰢˣȥǡ
Сů֣һ䣬óСӺܿܺǸкСһ档
̣߰Ϊʲôϲ
һЦССů˵ϲ˭ģ⻹ͷһμ
СůͷһལЩԥһᣬེͳ̰غնȥֻˡ
¿ԺͰ˵𣿡һСůͷһߣӡ
ʢˣϲ۸ҡʱ˵ʲôϲĻͽкĺõҡ
Сů˵ЩʱΪĵͷԼʲôһ㡣
һһ̾òԾˣʲôкĺõ
ˣ
֮ͽСຢ
˵ЩʱСů޳ˣɫͮͮġ
㣿û㣿ָλöͦ˽λãһ۸ص˵˵ˡ
Сůҧ촽ҡҡͷ
ʶԺȥྲྀңǾûл۸ˡ
ôϲһΪÿһֻҪڣܷġ
ûкְ˵𣿡ţҪСůİְ֪£Ǹжߡ
ûҺ˵ҲСຢ࣬ܰɾģÿ춼ϴĲȥѧУ
ԡһ۵ͷ̵ĻԺһҪְ߰裬Ҫ㲻˼ְ߰裬̡߰
ǸкĺӣһһΣҪúÿֺӵʲô̵ͥܽó
õ֮󣬺һͳ̰غĿȫˣеȻٲֺͺǡ
Сǣø籧ⲻģһžĴѰཱུҪ˵ԼǸ硣
ޣུ¥̽СԴһ¥Ĵ
ҰְֲûôĶأҪϼһ
û뵽ԭ뵱Ҷӡ̰غҲƵһ䣬ú干û




209 ֮
 

һʱֵ֮ģҶĿź幡
˭뵱ӣҲҪģһڣռԼıˡ
̰غҲգ鼫õɳƵغȲ裬һæŸϴˮ
һСůİְҲˡ˴кҲҳ
ûţһΣ˵⡣ֺҲˣСůһҲˣĶˣ⻹˭
һһ£ȥšŵһ̣Цݽôһ¡
˭ѽ˭΢巿һˣоˣһǺܶԡ
ôӭ𣿡ŮЦĿźһһȻð˾֮⣬࿪
˭΢һ㶼תͷʵǹҪ˵ǸŮġ
Һãҽݣ˵΢ҸҲʶءݣĻһһοޡ
΢巺ǺһЦ˭ʶ˭˭ѽ
Һ𣿲˼Һ񲻼ǵʶôˡҼԲ̫ðɣԭ°
΢巾㲻úһ˵Ҳ֪Ů߲ơ
ŵһ̿ʼ۾ֱĶų̰غղţûճ˼ϡ
Ҷ˵˽ཱུ磬Сѿ϶ܶ࣬ô¶Ҳ½̻˼Сӣ
ݰ̣˶ͦεʱ򣬵Ȼ˲΢巡
¥иСѴֱ˵ݵĻȵһͺ΢Ƕӳʱ
ŷСӾȻǺ衣
С裬ཱུѰ벻ˣôòհ̣ûհѽ
ݿ裬üЦؽС
ǡһЩ㵣˵ʶ
һ㵵ЦЦӷǡ
ҺýõŮ˵ҲɣȻཱུѡ̣㿴ǻǺԵֵ
˵ְ۾˳̰غգ΢巶Цˣͳ̰غûԵʲô
ұʲôԵְǸ˼ҺԵ֣㻹û˵㵽˭أҲҽܣ˾Ρ
΢ǲŹŮ˵ģһȥͲʲôˡ
۸һ£۸һ˵Ҫǻղſŵһ̿ԼСͰˣĶ
˵ˣҽݣôǵѽСʱһ𣬹ģ磬㻹ǵ𣿡
˵ţֺ˵ߵͷôܲǵãѩǺѣҾ
ҲѩĺѣغǼǵİɣ֮ǰѧϰǺͬһѧУͬһ𣿡
ֺ͵ղҲˣһݵĴڡ˵Ŀ԰һغһ
ҸʲôѶ˵ģû˵ģǾûѡ΢巿ɵһ㶼ûиӣԱߵӦЩȥ
Ҹ΢已ܲˣϲˣԼҲʲôǾͲݺ˵Ľɫˡ
Ӧôһ˵˵ʲôȴҲٿڡ
û£Сˡ
һ֪΢ҪԼȻҲ˵ʲô̰غҲӲῪڡ
һʱ֮䣬ﶼǺ΢巺ݵСҵĻܽҪΪ΢巺ݵıֳˡ
ֻһཱུҲֵĹˡ
ֺС͵ﻹͦصģǺһĻӦòգﲻһǸСӵģ
óҲǸСӾѡģһ͸ӲþܾԺһҲĬˡ
ལϲ˭ﰡϴ֮󣬺һῪڲཡ
ҶͦϲģʵҶܿˡ裬ҵһô˸ҹգȻ˵Ǹ̺ͺҲ̫ϲǿĵġ
ཽС϶ǿĵЦݣһȻó
ϲ˭ʵҲǿ̰غյľ׼ˣСʲô顣
赱Ȼ֪ྲྀ𣿡СǹҲиġ
Ҳˣ裬͵͵㣬ϲӦ˵ݡ
СһſںһĶߣġúһһƣɢˡ
ϲ͵ģĵ⣬Сְ͸ҵ¥
СһЩ˼̰غո׼ĺܾϲ
¥ó԰ƽյ˰ɡ
ϲĻǰְ͸ҵġ
⣬ԭкһĳ̰غһ£ȻҪЦӡ




210 ϲְֵ
 

ԼҶӵĻһҲܿĵЦཹСսһ֪˵һʲôúһԭء
̰غǰȥ˵ʲô˭֪һͷСӵıӡ
ֱ֪ˣȷʵǴ˼˽ླྀϲ̰غյģϾ̰غĸס
Ҳһ飬Ҳúദ
һֱΪʼǺֺӴıȽ϶࣬˵һЩ
һȻʲôǳ̰غȴһô˵ѪԵϵġ
ģĸģ˵ô֪ܲ
һҪС͸ںһߡ
Ժһ뷨Ҳ˽⣬Ծûп˵Ҳ˵ʲô
һ뷨ԺҪģྲྀԳ̰غնǸײ״̬
裬Ȼ˵Ҫҵ뷨Ҳ뷨
ཷеؿһ
˵ҪΪȥͺ档Һܲ⣬ҲܲġҲΪȥòĵһ𡣡
ʱ򣬺һܻɣӦòֻɡո˵ʱرˣͨ͸
ཱུ֪˼ˡԺ߾ǡ
һ˵ཱུ꣬ͷͻȻ뵽Сů˵Ļ
ལԺҪչСů֪𣿲Ҫú۸
ҸʱҸᣬһҪȥĸ̸һ̸ǵ׼ͥҲ˶ԺӵĽ
챾߶Ϸģǿ˺ܶ࣬СůӰ첻á
СһͻȻЩһĿڣ裬ǲ֪۸ˣ
СůôΣһû˵ҪúñСůĻͻȻ˵пڳСů˵ʲôԵʡ
Ҳ֪𣿡ˣǽСůΪʲôҪ֧ˣ
ҡҡͷģСů֪֪¡ʱŵһȥǸѧУҾͿ۸Сů
ŻСůѣСůĺÿɰŶϲ͡һչСůˣúñ
һοĵ˵ͷСڣʱҲܷģԺӦò۸Сůˡ
ſڵĳ̰غǵĻ˳ȥȥ鷿
ֻʾʱЩɥôĩĻҪ绰һǴϵģBossò˺úϢ˰
BossϺˡû޳һҪȥϲĹԼء
̰غô˺û˵ʲôأõôɪɪ
̰غձ˱۾ǲӦһĻЦЦ
ģ
ϲ̫ˣȥϲĹ￴ӰԼᡣ
̰غն˵˵绰ͲӦô绰һһէģ˸ӷġ
һϵֻһ
ܲãҴˡˣСһԵĹҵ绰˵ġ
̰غεüģôˣûһҪ˵ӡ
һ񷢸㡣ҵ绰ֻǲһһէر𲻺ýӴһ
ĲýӴС˶ô˵
㵱治Ǽˣôܣ
ţˡ̰غʵûôġ
ţ̰غյͷ˼ֹȥ⼸ˡ
۸˼ˣһû͵ģײġ
Ȼû绰Ǳߵ˵һ̰غĻҲ֪
̰غյͷҲһ绰ôˡ
𣿡һϵĸ˴绰ҲΪɡ
С¶ѣ㶫Ҫɡ˵鶫߹Ҳˡ
һͷȷʵǰ;м̰غպ鶫ġ
˵ţعЩûмĵڶ
˵㲻ұ۵ôֻ֪ұһ˵һֱչ˳ϡһ˭һֱ֪
˵Σ̰غշʵȥǸʱѾˡȻڶû
й𣿡֣е˼
š˵ұ۵ĻǾˡȷʵһֱ˵ұۣȷʵ
˵ʵΣʡʡ˲١
Уʺ档ĻһҪˣȷʵʺܡ




211 ˼
 

ղҪȥʲôôˣǲǳʲô⣿
òǹ˾ʲôɣȻôˣôȥ顣
̰غ֣Сůô˵
ůСϷŮô۸ôӲ
ȻȻ˵Ϸ֪ĻҲӦ顣
˽ľڲȳ̼ҡҪֹҲҪԷʲôͷ
ڷǲϵʱ򡣿ȥǵʵ̰غ֪ǲ̼ҺּΪǶһڸչǡ
ԣΪ˱ʱʱ̿ʹİѡ뿪
ΪŮӵ˽ɣңһ˵Ŷдġ
ֻûü˵¥ķﴫི
һ̧ͷһ¥ϵķ䣬Сһ˷ܵııɡ
һ벻ǣཾȻ֪Сů۸飬֪ҪúñҲûи߱ˡ
Ҳ֪¥ϣӦҲ˰ɡ
һ˵ͷȷʵ֪ˡΪ֪Сů۸žһġ
齻ңȥ졣̰غհοҲҪȥ߶Ϸ֪顣
һ鲻ٶˡ
ʱĲʲôǸкĺȿɱֿɺޣҲ
ͥԺӵĽӰʵ̫ҪǰûȥܺõѧУҲڼҺúýཡ
ཱུգҲܹģܶ˶˵ǳ̰غյһθӹա
ϻһЩϷ̫үڻص̼ңһȫʣµ۰֡
صĻֺĳ֣ǱΪ̰غֺкһѾˡ
ǿֺҲȥཱུջʱ򣬰һ
Ѿмȥ̫ŵ£ֺĳ֣һЩ⡣
ܣ¥¶ˣôߣӦĲȻ߲Űɣ
ĭҪֺһȥ̸ͬ¥ͦڵšĭãǻ߲űȽϺá
ֺһ¥£֪Щʲôġ
ǰšǣܽǵĿ˵һʲô
ĭһ㶣Ŀ¥ôߣ˼ҪĴ𰸣һǲߵġ
ǰţ˾ҪꡣٶӦһЩ⣬Ǽߵⶼܵ꣬ӦĹ
ĭûзӦֺѾ¥ߣĭͷ̾˿ȥ
ԭΪײ˵ļǣֺһ̣ѪڣΧ˹ȥһһ
ֺҲգϹŵ΢ЦЩǡ
ȵǰⶼ˵ˣῪڻشĭվʱЩ޴ıϺĵ
ǱʶֺǲõģȻܱ⣬ЩĽӴǸﻹҪӴأ
֪һǵʲô⣬ʱЩشҲǴشҲǴ
Ҳûа취ϾվԼǰǸbossֻһСѡ
ʢͺС飬˵֮ĸ飬ѵǾûʲôҪ˼ɵ𣿡
ĭһȻЩ߾ǹ²ⲻǳҪΪ
ֺͷ΢Ц֮Ὺڵ
ϵĴŴǲģ˵˵Һһ飬ʹˡ
˶٣ּ˵
Һֻ֮ڵ˼ѡ
⻰һǳԾ۾ĭҲŵؿֺ֪˵ʲô
ֳ˵ֻǻ˴鷳bossƽ
ܵ˼ǣԺһ˼𣿡
һֱ׷ʶһ̿ʼֻҲˣ˵ֻڵ˼ѡ
Сؿɫڵĳ̰غգͻȻҲȥֺǰһޡ
ַֺ̧ŹĿˡֺܲܲҪڹǰᵽܲ÷ˣ
ÿһڹǰᵽһʲôûó̰غˣСҲҪһꡣ
ܲãҾ㲻̫ܵĻϡ
СĿڣһ¥¿϶Ҳдļ߾ۼǶ
̰غյ̧ɫϲŭ֡
ΪʲôиԼţҪĻ
ܲ÷˱ͳòֺãЦģҲܺã˭ϲأҪǡ
ٺһЦ˵ҪҾԼҲҪ׷˵ţֻ˵ܲ÷㹻




212 аæ
 

˵ţֻ˵һ㡣
ôļߣ˵һʱ򣬳̰غյɫ˺ܶࡣ
仰һûã仰ܵģܶԷʲô⣬仰شǡ
ӣӦúùܶˡ
Ĳ˳̰غޱĶԸʻ˿
ܳתͷһĵĿллboss
ĩϢ죬нġ
̰غռ˵ѧҵʼ͸ߡ
Ӧֺܶ࣬ڣҲԼԲĽֺЩźѹ
ллbossˣ˵ܻع𣿡
ΪΣ̰غյǳ鴤һ£Ͳδ
쵽ȥκͬǴСͱ̼ĺӣȳ̰غС4꣬ǿ
ͷԸȥڣ̰غյڻͲἯˡ
˶˵ֺǸϲ̵ˡ˵ֺĶţųжȡ˾ΣΪ롣
ǿǸ̵ĺˣʱ˿̾һ̡֧
ǰȷʵ̣ҲΪʲôҪ̣ζ
ڣ֪ʲôʱʼó̺ʱķһ
ö֮Ȼϲϳˡ
˵磬̣ܶṵ̀غ𣿡
ݲ֪ʲôʱģֽԼĴưֺɳϡ
ȻҲһ֧Ůʿ̡
㲻Ҳһ𣿡ͬˣ鳡ʧģϾͲܷŹ˴
ҲûôǳҽȥѩһЩ˵ܹﵽ㣬ûȤ
ȻֺݰѾԾķ߳һļ
ʲô
Ķô֪
վļŸ߸Ьŵ߹ȥ
սֺеùһҲģһڣ
ԼļĻٳ̡
㿴˰ɣ˵Ƕڳ̣ҿɲΪ鳡ʧ⣬ֻһ£ǰߡ
ʲô˵˵̴һзաһֱڣЩգƴߣǮߣҲߡ
ֺļӳǺһڹһ𷢱۵ӽ̸ģ
½ǵʱʾΪǰſȥǺһ֮ǰһȥĻ档
ֺ̧ͷĿЩҪʲô
ЩֻҪõõƻ˸
ݽеһųһۡйһŮӣ̺Ӿ壬ǿ治̫ǽܡ
ͱ˵һЩƬԷųȥ߱ǰ̲֮ĸ顣
ݲΪ̰غôĶ˵һֺ֮ôĸ飬ӦöϾ
ƫƫˣôܶԼѸ£ԼѵʱԼѡ
һ㣬ɡ֮˲ɣìȻԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ
ֺڣЩƬ˺ܾá֮ǰѾ˵ˣôµȥ֣
鶼˽ģ㲻ôעʧܣԶò㿴˼۾ֻ㸶ô࣬ȴʲôҲò͸˭涨ڸǸߣ
ȥ֮ݣҲرȷֺ᲻ᰴԼ˵
˼ȥǸһš
ֺͷֻĶţſͻȻЦˡ
ǰ˭涨ڸͱߣǸߣߣ
뵽Դ˵绰Լϵý壬취ЩƬųȥ
ȻֺסˣҸﲻһأ˵ǰɣ
ζתһԼޱޱһЦĵͷ˫ֲ
˵ʲôԡ
ζЦЦͷһǱ֪Ҫô𣿡
ޱͷζٴĶͷȻʰԼ뿪˹Ԣ
ޱ뿪ıӰ̾˿Ըҹÿһζ˾ߡ
Ҳ֪ѩǸŮжãֵôãǸӡ

ޱߵ·ʰԼ󣬶ž¶޵Цݡ
֮ҲǸȡѣûôҪƽϵġ
ʰԼޱֻʼɵɺζ顣
ڶʱ򣬺һҪըѵġԭֺ˵ֻ֮ҲΪԼ۵ը
˭֪̰غհˣΪԼܹȵ˯þڶúùɽһֱˣ




213 ٺ
 

һ֪Ϊʲôֺ֮Ĺϵ˵ô塣
Ѿ⹵ͨˣҲĲȥֺ
ϵЩƬǴģ
ֺԭֻƣͣûȥ˭֪һҹ֮䣬⾹Ȼǰ档
붼룬Ҳ֪˰ѡ
ֺ˱۾ˣȥɡ̰غôһĻһ᲻źһ
źһĻֻ˵ûʸһ
һǲôûм
һ㻹û̫ţֺĲ£˸绰
ֺѯʣһΪǾ仰ʾģͻȻЩΡ
ӦòİɣĻһ֪Ϊʲôûȥ̫š
û£ҽ첻̫ԾͲȥˡҾڼˣʱ䡣
һûиʲô飬ܻ֪ģҲ˵
ֺ˵֮󣬺һҵ绰ʶҪ̰غմ绰
ͻȻ˵ҪĻҪ
뻹Ƿֻȥʲôʳģһ͹ȥ
ȵ÷֮󣬲Ű̸ںá⣬Ժжȥ㿴˳̰غյӰ
ôˣ˵ҪĻҪ𣿡
ҪĻ飬ôһСʱʱϢ
ȥģۡ
̰غղ˵бһӡһҲʱע⵽ȻŶ
ӿȥЩ죬һһʱ֮벻ļ
ʲô
̰غսеĶĻڿڡ
̫ŵĶҰûˡ
쿴Ǹѵʱ򣬺ЩƬȥȷʵܲˣȻ֪˹ӲͬλģﵽλЧ
ﻹǰĲˬ
ҵĶ̫ŵģΪʲôҪû֮Ҫȥ﹤ġ
һʲôʶһԼ̫ŵĶ˻
ѵ㶼ţ̰غնѣӦΪʲôôɣ
ҿˣ֪ˣҪǵģѵҲЩ𣿡
һͻȻЩЦһֱΪ̰غ֪ЩƬǼٵġ
ֺ֪֮ûʲôôЩ۵Ӱ졣
һԵĽ̫ŵĶʰûǲ
㶼ñ𣿡飬ôû̫湤ֺôģѵ
һ̾һеĶԱߵ̨ϡ
̧ͷؿų̰غա
㣬Ҹʲô˵Ķ
ôףһʼûֺһ
ǰǲһھͲһԺӲһˡ
ͬһҹ˾ͬһŶӵġͬסһ£ֺҲ鲻ʲô𻨡
һһεģ֪̰غս͹ٴˡҲֳֻһģôô˵Ŀ
һֱţǿġ̰غս촽˵ĳ̶ֳϣֺǸ
ûĻһӦǺֺһɣ
Ҹֺ֮𣿳̰غգһôˡΪ飬֪˵˶ٴΣ˶ٴΡҺһһε˵ҸûʲôҲõҺ֮ĴԽԽ١һΣǳź̫кĻҲ̫š
̫ˣһһεĺͣһһεŬֺ档
Ϊٳ̰غղܵߵЩ۵Ӱ졣
쿴ѣ֣սҲԽܡ
һԵĽ̫ŵĶûǲڼӸˣֺ֮䲻ף
㻹ǲԸ뿪̫š
̰غյ۾·һ˪ֻǰĶûˣ
˵ֺ̫Żиġ
Ȼôܷĵ̫Ź
ѾְԺ㲻ǳˡȻǳ΢ҲסûбҪˡ
һ۾ƾʲôƾʲôŵĲⲻǣ
ǿǳţзװʦ롣ֺͬòײһλȥòײ֤Լô׾ٵشݻ٣
һҡҡͷЩҵЦЦԭ̰غմһԼĶת¥һ仰˵




214 ̫
 

ѾǺһ̰غյĵ3죬̰غҲûȥ˴սɡ
ҲǵһοԴһ֮󣬾żССܿҲͺˡ
һκأֲ֮ò͡ҲģҲ˵Ϊʲôġ
΢ʱһ¥ﵹˮ׼ȥ衣
΢巽㣬ôˣȻĩֻˡ
ڳ̰غգ쾭ˡѾûһԹˣң̰غպͺһַ˯ˡ
ְֲڼ𣿡ûʲôҪܲڣôܣ
ǲӰ¥ϡ
ҡҡͷ֪ԼҸĸ׷ʲô£ѧ;üղԡ
ҲֻͺһһԷԺ˾ûһԹˡ
ȥལ⼸һ㡣пյĻȰȰְ֣Ҫǳܣʲôúùͨ𣿹Ա
΢ཱུͷҲΡ
ཹɵĵͷеˮݸȺˮɣһٸ赹
΢ЦŽˮӹһĶͷˮ¥
΢巡һῪڡ
΢巵ͷΡ˵ʵ˳ܣӦøܴ󲿷ֵΡ
ҲãǸ㲻ȥ̫ţ㲻ɣ˵Ͳ
Ҳǵһο̰غѹôͣЩŵˡ
ڳ̰غ˵ҪһְʱȻҲʹһ
֪Ӧ֪ûһͬ⡣Ȼϵʱ˵һͳ̰غճˣҺء
ʲôϵһЦǺ΢巡̰غܵǰҪְĻҲס̰غյѹɡ
òҿְ͵ûз¡
ҪһǳŵģǴӹ˾ĽǶȿǴӸ˵ĽǶȿ
ںһѾܳˣԼĸůڡƷԶһѾ˿ʼͻȻ˵Сǳˡ
˵ӹ˾ĽǶϿ˭Ըôһأ˽˵ĽǶϿ΢巸ϲһӡǹ飬ǽһ㡣
ûҪˣܸҰһְͿ԰ڶΡ
һҡҡͷ벻ְ⡣ó̰غѹͲô飬Ȼʹ
ʲô
ܲһֱսȥɣǸҲǸϡ
ᷢƢ˧ˣΨᴦ⡣
΢巿̰غյŭҲһĺʧ
Ҳ˵ʲôΪ˶̫ˣĻδýȥ
û˼˵Ҳû˼˵ֻˡ
ֻûˣЩû
΢ļ򣺡Ҹ̸̸ίˡ
һξͲǺһĴǸԵ޹ʷųƬְѻⶥѵˡ
ɾôСȷϣ̰غպͺһһһ
΢巺Ȼ׹˵ĸһֱڣֻǻûбѡ
ȵ΢֮Ŵ
費˵Ϊʲô㲻ڹʱ㲻Ķ˵ģིҲ˵
߹ȥֱסһܸܵó⼸һѹ֡
ལһ𣿡һһŬԼȥһ㡣
ͷҡͷôܣʱƴһЧûС
裬㿪ʲôЦһǲܵ顣
˵ǸոջعһʱĻཻš
ڡó۾ȫֻһˣǾ̰غա
ཱུĴ𰸣һԳ̰غոʧЩ
ྲྀòܵ飬ǳ̰غȴˡôĻ𣬻ĹŪûˡ
ܲáƳ̰غգ﷢þˡ
˵ǳһȾƣȫ̶﷢ˡ
ôˣ̰غջعͬΪʲôһô
⸱ĲɵӣΪܲ÷˰ɣ
гһ꣬һڷ˺ܶ¡ôһĻʲô֪
Ҵ𣿡̰غ벻ףǺһ̫ŲǳǱˣҲȥõĵط
Ϊʲôôأ˵׻Ϊ᲻ֺɣ
˵Ǵˣ̫ܲںˡںʱȥǻ֪




215 ͬİ·
 

ô֤ԼһˣòͨԼŬõ˵ϿɡΪܲںò׽ССݻˣ˵˻᲻ѹ𣿡
ι˹һƣһ
ǾǣBossǸ׳գʲôôŮϲ
Ѿȵò֪ϵرε¡
εͷһסԼµǳ˳顣
˾ͱ໰
εӺͳ̰غЩƣ嶼ġ
أΣ˼ҡá˵滰
һ˵
κͳ̰غտһۣǶԲˡ
ҲΪ𣿡Ǻ⣬رֺͺһ֮Ĺϵ
֪ĸǲеġȻΪʲôҪһҪ棿
BossĴûط˵뷨˵Ĺ˵Ǿʹˣк򣬻˭ܲ˰ɡ
ԼĹȴɲԼԼ֪£ͱ˴ǵˣʲô
̰غղ˵ȾƣҲûж˵
֪̰غǸˣ˵ϣ׶ף׵Ҳˡ
ܲãȰСͻȥһҽк幹㡣
ֻצһԼϵѾȵ࣬ٲͻȥһˣƷǸˡ
̰غҲ֪ʲôԸˣͷ
ȥɡԼһ˾һú룬ǲˡ
̰غմӦŽߡ
Σþòٺ٣Ҫȥģȵ۾Ժĺ˵
幸ոսưɵţͿ̲סȤ
ŶӴŻСòҪҪġĴѽԭ氮
ϵұۣһ˴మʲôʱ򴫳˵ˣǰɡ
һɫЩҲסҲһ𣿻˵并ܲҲ뷨
ƲƲ죬ȻǶ춷ˡ
Ҳ֪̰غôν̳ġͬǲϲ˵һھҪˡ
Цģ֪ˡ
˵꣬ڰ֡ĶҴ̰غյⰡȻСҲ˵మɱ
Ϲòãͳ̰غమɱǱ̰غѹ
ⲻһҲʧõˣù˼ҵĸ⣬˵жֱ̣ǵɥ
˾ưɣֱҵ̰غڵİᡣ̰غһϲֵĵضҪưɵģҲҪһ䰲İᡣ
ֳʲôˣСүҸˣС˸ɶˣ
պ并Ժһ˽⣬Ӧòˡ
ټ°غ⼸ʮֵܣܼһǳڳ̰غյϣ϶ǳ̰غ
Ѿüû˵ôҾ͵ûһ
̰غ˵ţһƿƵݸ
幽ӹ˵ãҾһƿҿɲܶȾƣһҶˣߴŮˣҿס
ưֵطˡ˵һͳ̰غյⲻǴӾư￪ʼ
Ŷ͵ģȻ˵Ѿˣʵͦϲġ
ͬİ·˰ѽغո磬ڶѧսء
ĺһھƣǰͦģ̰غһ̸˻ʲôӡ
Ȼһǡ
Ҹ˵ܶΣҽֺ
ɺһȥ棬ɼﻹֺλõġ
ֺֺ¶Ҳͦࡣ
ֺܺһ𰡡붼룬Ҫ˼˼ֺһĻֵõ
̰غպȾƵֶ˶٣Ϊʲôÿ˶ô˵ѵֻôΣ
΢Ҳ˵˵̫ˣ˵ʲôһֺһ
иոպȵҲ˵ˣһֺһ
е˶ڸһ𡣿Ϊʲôô⣿
Ϊʲôһ𣿡
˭˵׼ôôȷ֮䲻ĸ
ôϣ˼һ㲻۾ǲ۾
ļֻҪ۾˶óһ۵Ķ
һֺʱǰ֮ڶѾʼԶˡ
ֱ仯ѵΪ̰غյĽ
ǿʲôѲǵԣԹ壿
ҿ˺һһһ⣬㣬ȥʱȥ̫𣿡
⼸춼æҲǽпչǵ¡
̰غҡҡͷһûйȥһ̫ŵĻͲܰĶˡ




216 
 

㿴첻˼˼Ҷûйȥ˵̴ܲڱŤʲô
˼ҺһѾЭֻûиѡ
Ҳǣֱôܻ֪Ůӵ˼أ
һѾʾĸ߹ֺ֮ûʲô˼Ѿѡôƽôأ
ǰ֪ڲ֪ԭ̰غջһ̳ӡ
֪ҽֺΪʲôҪȥ̫ţ
̰غѼӲҲһӽܣԼˣôһˣôôܡ
̾һļЩĳ˵ѵõࡣ
㲻Ҫһȵʧȥ˲֪ڡ
ǰЩʱĵ׵һɬôزסġ
ǰеߣûһ¶ڵѾعѾڿǺһһʱ֪ԭ˵жôҪ
һһЦݣĵɬѣʹľȴĸԸķ֡
̰غ˵˭ͬļ
ǶͬһˣͬΪԼ˽˺ԼģԼҲˡ
֪ôȻ͸ΪʲôôС˲һƽϵˣĺƽġ
ͺ˵Ժ󣬳̰غ˲١Ҳʹͺһսһλȥҹ
̰غյӰһ⼸첻ǲ𣿽ôͻȻˣ
ǲҪ賳ܣ
뵽̵ڳ̰غյǰſ˫ס
վסл˵
վںһߵģΪһϲ̰غؽ̰ܳغա
ԭΪ̰ܳغԺܹͳ̰غպúһġ
˭֪ڳ£ûмһôĹ
ǰǸջعʱ򣬳̰غհٰΪҲûôĹ
ལȥ衣
̰غնͷ⼸첻ֳེЩ
ƾʲôȥüôģں˼˵Ҫȥ
̰غղԣôȥˣˣҪͺõѽ
ôģôƵ˵Ҫȥ
ĵˣûʸ˵Ҫȥ衣
֪ҴˣϴѾ˵ˣҲ׹ԼĴ
̰غ̧ͷѾþöûмһ¥ҲûʲôһҪȥ
ڲ֪һʼǲ˵ϲĻһȽϲһЩ
ߣ֮ûʲô£ÿһγ̰غնġһ𣬻һˡ
̰غպΣ֪СһһֱǺѺá
ҲͨиŬӮһЩøУ쿴Ӧǰ˰ɡ
ཹԣȥһ̫ˣֻ뿴һòá
ڼҡСһûػش⼸һһֱڼƲֵģֱеȤš
̰غüôܲڼңѾûйˣȥĶ
ȥERICˣһŻҪǸĻ͵һɣȥˣټ
˵꣬¥һŵ̰غ֪

еEric˭
ǴҶ֪ϺӢѪԱERIC쵽йͿʼķ˿֮á
°֣ڿԿڴERICûг˵ȥһѣŮѣ֪λŮֵǹӰ˷ɻһʱȥء
ERICӰǣӢѪļ̳Ѫͳз˿˵Ǵ߳ˣ
Ӧǳڻģвٵķ˿ڵš˵˷ɻͷ˿һк󣬾ͼҴҵĸȥԼˡ
һھĶ棬¶⼸춼ûпЦݡ
ôͻȻҲһҪҽûգǲܹˣ
һԼ棬øˡԴһع˾ûмˡ
ⲻǸһsurprise˵˽Ҳܼһõġ
˵һûпСһӰ̲סɻʺһ
СأþöûдСˡ
ERICȷʵúÿһ硣ʱ򣬿֪˧
ڼûҳȹɡ
ེERICҲǺѣڹʱûܵERICչˡ
ǿϧˣǰʱ䲻Ҹ׼һر
˵ţERICӰóһᣬݸһ




217 ˭
 

һӹеᣬù̲סЦ
ˣུӳһ̿ʼһֱʱƬ
һתۣǶѾʶˣ㻹û𣿡
ERICźһƵؿڵ
ǰͿȵķԱС֮ĶԻŵֶһ¡
ERICˣŵһ̿ʼԱ֪˭ˡֻǳְҵ£ֵܱ̫š
ڣ֮ĶԻҪŮҲˡƫƫǱĺһôܵأ
һע⵽Ա𾪵ķԱ̲סһERIC
湻ûаᴫŵǣ˵ˣҲǺ˵Һཱུİְһˡ
Աһôһ˵һĲŷҿֻǿЦȻôϢҪĻҪըˣ
ⲻ̫û붺
ERICһڣӷԱнӹȣлǸСѡ
˵ţӿڴһֽңݸ˷Ա
鷳ұŶûпŶС
ǷԱܵסջæӹǮͣĵͷǮⱲӶỨȥˡ
ʿԸǩ𣿡
ôÿˣȥĶ˻ӭģ㲻ķ˿ķ˿
ERICĵͷӰһԼƬóˢˢˢǩԼ֣˳㻹дһʲô͸ҵС
ɧһѾ߲ˡ֪Ϊһ˪
Ӵ˾֪һɧ˵ʶҲΪɧɡ
˵ëʲôʱſԸһģմǲݣֻãȥŮӣ
ÿһζķ˿õôĵʵȴճ
ȵԱ֮ERICŴһڣƨԼ
û취үͷԡ
һЩתͷòͬ仰ȷʵүͷԡ
ЩҪ뷹ģ˵ǰ
ҽȥסһ𣿡
ERICͻȻ˵Ȼ˵̫ãУҪ취ȥסһ
в㲻ǶþƵ𣿸ǵȥסһ˵ҲǸ˵Ǻסһ𡣡
Ȼ˵Ǹ⼸ͦĵģҪԵ޹ʴ˻ȥ̰غղ÷Ź֡
ʲôͰҵԶȥסһôˣ
ERICüܣҪȥסһ
һЩԥϾסķӲġͻȻ˻ȥ̰غҪĻҲ
֮Ĺϵѩϼ˪ˣ
һ뵽죬̰غʶʹͰְ£һ
ðɣǿɱôɧЩЦǿõģϾи̳ӡ
ERICģұ֤Բ鷳
Ǹ鷳ȥģôܸ鷳ء
֣¥һ٣ж
æһۣ־Ȼֺ
壡һֺĵĳ˹ȥֺҲһѽת˸Ȧ
û˵һ⼸첻ģġû뵽̰غڼңָˣོʱΧ
ȻҿԵıˣôˣ
ԴǰԺֺûʲô£ǲģҲΪ˱Ӱɡ
ֺһ۳̰غգЩƵĿڡ
˵۸ˣǲǡ
̰غʵ̫ԵûŵĻֺһһĶʰߡ
̷Ӧתͷһ۳̰غգ˼ЦЦ
ְ֣пҪа̶׼ˣţš
ཽԼְ֣̰غջͦġԸֺǰְ֣ǱԼ̬˰ɡ
ҲԷòãܻѹҸǽһ¡
ǿСʶ壬ɺء
Ҫˣֶһˣ濪ġ
ȥˣֺŷӦֲøղһֱûпһԭǲڼҰ
԰ͳȥˣӦúܿͻڿ쵽ˣȥа̶׼ˣһ
Сһкֺȥ˳
ྲྀ㶮¡ֺͻȻƵһ䣬ĳЩ̶ϣȷʵཱȳ̰غն¡
̰غպһ˵
ɣЬˡʱſǱߴһŴ
һ룬ֺͳ̰غվͿһһøÿ߽
˭




218 ͬĵ
 

ͬģźһˡҲΪ̫ÿˣERICֵû˵Ů٣ǿɶͨԵġ
һҲ֪ԭ˿ˣֺʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôﾹȻЩɡ
ֻг̰غһڣǼ鷢ڣû׼ͳ̰غ˵ء
ҵѣERIC
Ȼͳ̰غ˵һǽERIC
ǺãǱѣҽERIC
ERICҲĺǴк˳Сһգգ۾
཰ЦЦתȥ˳裬ERICҹġ
⼸һ鲻ãͳ̰غճܣ̰غյΪҲ뿴ģһ˹̼һ³̰غպͺһ
պãŵʱ򣬿˵ERICᵽй
ãڵĳУ֮ǰERICҲܶ࣬͡
㲻ԼĻг𣿡
ֺƵؿڵ֪ERIC⼸Ҫйһʲô˿ᡣ
ĻӦг̰ŵĺŶԣôʱһأ
ԼĻг̰˼գҵǡеˮ
ERIC˵ŵ˵һһһֺͳ̰غ˲ɫ
ʲô̰غüûнйһأôԽȵǣ
ERICһ޹ʲô𣿲ǽ˺һһ
ʲô5ǰʶʼһֱ
ERICȻӢѪܵĽĶһ㣬׽һЩǳƣõġ
úһĻ˵һɧˡֻҪɧĻᣬ;ԲŹ
Ժô̰غ̳ӵĳºտɲģһͿü졣
ERICεʼ磬źһûǣֱӽ˳ȥСһݲ衣
ѾϰˣҪܸĻҼǵõĻҾͲУʱż˳ڻ¡
ERICЦеɵһ㶼ͺһĹϵҲҪô
֪ERICôһʶġ
ֺǣһȻʶôһʾǣȴû˵
ERIC˼һ£ſڡ
5ǰˣʶΪɱɡ
û˵Ҳû˵ѣܺͺһʶȷʵΪһɱ
̰غպֺе𾪣̰غˮ֣Զһ¡
һ˵˵ǰòǺܺãҪȴģû뵽ġ
ɱһΪʲôҪɱֺûа취⡣
ʶĺһһֱһÿˣܶʱҲֹۣһСǿһ㡣
Ϊʲôɱ
ǰ˺ܶ°˵ˣ˵ҸҪ˵ҵһǼұ˽
ʵERICҲرΪʲôǰһҪѰ̼֪δͥصıʰɡ
һû˵Ҳʣÿһ˶в˵ģȻ˵ǾͲ˵ˡ
һҲӰͺһ֮顣
ңཱིʱڲߵأҿǵһཱུˣ
ERICر𽾰ͷ˵̰غվཱུǹ˵ġ
õ˺һôõСˣȻúϧҪǺһӦһʲôΣС
̰غյɫ˳ûһ˵¡
û뵽ཱིʱ򣬾Ȼһڲߡ
㿴ཱིģֺٴ𾪣е㶶
һˣںһôãһȴûжģ
ǵȻҿ׷Ҽұ֪꣬׷ϣҲˡ
ERICû˵ٻ֮ǰһֱ׷һġ
ǱߵķȽϿţǺһһӣļҲܡܣô׷ֻһȷʵ̫׷ˣ
㻹׷ꣿ̰غպֺٴͬ˵ôһôܻӭ
ôɰôãȻܶ׷
ERICΪȻںһкܶϲϣֵġ
һһֱǰ¹һĴڡһ˸һǸʹ⡣
˺衣ʱһུӳ˲衣
ERICЦЦĵĽӹһǡ
ллǵϲȺ衣
ERICһ跢ѣϲָĺ衣
ļһŹרŸʽĺġ
벻ǵöѣһź񣬼¡
һЦЦһοʱ򣬶һ




219 һ¾ͺ
 

һERICҪڼסʱֺͳ̰غն۾
ڼסôһ˻ǹʾǣһĵĻлˣ
ҵѡ
һѯʣ̰غո˵ԣ͸Ұȥס
̰غ֪һҲӦ˵ͷĬϰɡ
ҲҪֺһˣƾʲôERICôһڿͲˣ
ðð¼ˡཿĵ֣˶һ㣬ó̰غյжһ㣬ԺŲҺ
̰غüôĵĿСһʲô˼ҪվڱǱ
Ҳͬ⡣̰غ붼룬˵ֺˣ㲻УҲס
ЩεЦЦԼͷ
档ǳ̰غյķӣûȨ
ϾļңҺ趼û˵Ȩֻίˡ
仰̰غֻˡ˵仰ԺֺҹҲòˡ
ߡ̰غտһལվ¥
ཿĵĳֺգգ۾ǿҹ˵ġ
һཱུ֪˼ɲ֪Ϊʲôﻹǲ̫ġ
ֱڳ̰غջû˵һ仰Ǻ˵ҲʹERIC飬úһЩ̫ġ
ƽʱôһ˻̰غչͱŷ˵ԴˣҪס
ڵĻһЩԳЦЦҲվ
ȥ·ȥͷɡ
ûʲô˼кǣȥһ°ɣ˸һġ
ཹɵĵͷֺERIC¥һʱ֮䣬ԭֵĴһİ
æµ˼̶һۣԶЦЦС֮İֱŤãȻð
һͳ̰غյñһģȥ·ʱ򣬺ܲɣ̰غҲ档
̰غյӰһʶҪתͷġ˭֪ת̰غվʹӺס
һһ͸оԼһůĻ
㻹Ҫã̰غȵϢĶߣģúһԾƫͷ
̰غִίһһӻ
ûѳ̰غյĻţȴҲûлش
һ̰غŷԾææһת㿴
̰غտˮЩɬ޳֣ᡣ
Ҳãø㷢ôƢҲ֪ôˣͿƲסԼ룬һҲûʲôرԲ顣
ôһ˵ȷʵ̫ˣְԴףƢ
´ҾͲҪˡ
һҵĲ˲ˮոҲ֪ΪʲôͻȻͿƲסˡ
ûô޵ģƽڣôͿأ
´Ρ̰غյĶͷﻹһΣ
⼸ҲܲܣҲԼĴҲһֱ
ڸոգֺһô˵ʱͻȻͻˡ
ԭһȱ׷ߣӲȱ׷ߣֻѡ
ȴġ
ĳԴˡ̰غյģոǸлУˣ
һķЦʲôţһ뻹ţôȵͷˣ
Һʶܾˣϲб˱㲻
ERICһɧͶˣֺ֪ͬûҲͿʼѧŷֺŲ¡
׷ꡣһཱིǵһཱུˣôﶼǲ̫
̰غԹ񣬺һЦһ°͡
һ¾ͺˣԴ̫á
ճ̰غյԸ񣬴̫ÿǻġ
һ¡̰غյͷյǰԺҲ볳ˣȽϺá
Сһ￴̰غպͺһѾͺõʱֺǺǵȥERICơ
ERIC̫ˣҴȥԺóԵģһ㣡
һְͺܺã̫ˡ
ERICָͣҡҡͷ
No no noֻ컹ҵθڣҵĳô𣿡
ǹӰǰѵĳѾֵֻһĿ
Сһü˫ֱأҲ°Ϳ
㻹Ҫʲôɱûң
ERICСһôɰģЦֽԼϡ
Ҫʲô㶼𣿡Ҫͦ򵥵ġ
һ£ͷ
ҪǸ




220 ͺ
 

˳ָķ򿴹ȥֺ͵رƵģȫֻôһݡ
ཾЩΪѣҪҲˣƫƫﻹرƵе㲻̫á
ܸ𣿡ཻС飬ERICͷס
ǸǱ͸ҵͲѡһ𣿡
̫Ϊˣ͵ôٴת͸ˣǸ˵ܲذ
ERICͷҲ֪Ǳ͸ཱུҪ֪ĻһῪڡ
ðɣȻĻͶҼɡ
˵ģԴེͺһع֮ӰǵȤ˲١ǰҪǹæʱ򻹿ȥҺһ档ںһཻعˣȥˡ
Ҳ֪˼ֱסERIC֪ҺȻҲйӺˣͬһУҾͿԾȥˡ
ʵҲERICرǻع֮ÿÿһЩòĵʱ򣬾ԽERICһʱ䡣
Ȼ˵ڹʱͺһͦġȻERICڣ˹ҪȥϷûôʱչǡ
ڹ⣬һܵôķ顣
ȷʵǸ⣬ãҾͺúÿһ£ﶨ
ҲúϢԼŸ١Ҳ磬ﶨҲûʲôõġ
ཡһͳ̰غ˵껰󣬹ལȥϴ衣
Ҫȥϴ̸̸ɣǶþûˣERICһٹ㣬һ˯
ཿĵĴERICĳ˵ERICྲྀԣ˰ɡ
ôģһҲˣҲãôûһһСĿ϶кܶ໰Ҫ˵
ԭϲ˾ERICһ֣һ߹ȥһ
˧𣿡
ȷʵϲ̰غգһϲѾϲܶˡ
ΪԱ¡жãֻҪǳ̰غգûǸ˼Ҫһ
ERIC㣺ȷʵ˧˧һֱĽġ
ܴ˧˼˵̰غյ˧Ƕ˧Ƕµ˧
ERIC˧ĻӢѪļ£˵˧ɡ
ǵȻȻҲܶ
һЦǰɲô󷽷ĸ߱ϲǳ̰غա
ÿһ˼ཱུİְ˭֧֧ģ˼ϲ˭ûϲ˭Ҳֻҡҡͷ
ڲһˣͳ̰غһ𣬲ڡ
һβǺ˵ǱƵġôûŲһµ˭Ƶ㣿
ĻһŹԼˡ
һҡҡͷѾûбҪˣҳôأ
鶼ѾˣһȥôãȥƽϵĻҲû̫塣
㲻ǸҳԺټӺô죿֪ǸˣʱẦˡ
Ϊ̫ű̫ĻҲᱻưɡ
ERIC֪ʲôˣεͷ
һ̧ͷȥѯʣѵҪ׷𣿿ɶȥôˡ
㣬һȥ顣
˺ԼˣĻ˭֪һλ᲻ڰ˺
Һúÿǿǡ
ôһ˵һҲúеһһͬѧۻᣬȥһΣַĻҲͦɵġ
ඣҽʵཱུİУҪġںҳ̰غգͺҲͷˡ
ô˵ҲԼϲŮӣܹϣҸġ
ERICͷཱུĻľЩĵƴš
̰غյһ̣֪Ϊʲôһѡ̰غˡ
ǰڹʱʹһϲʲôˡ
뵱ʱһ˵Щǰճ̰غյı׼˵ġ
˵ϲԸ䵭ģҪôҡڿⲻ˵̰غ
һЦЦͻȻֱס
ERICлл㡣ôһֱúõĺ˵ллʶ5ˣ5ﶼչ
ERICЦЦ˵ı
⣬ֺҲཱུģ˭֪ͿһĻ
ͻȻô˾ģҶˡ
ERICſһͷ
ˣһûǸֺʲôĴڣ
ԴӺһع֮ERICҲæŵӰ飬ԺһĹľ˺ܶ࣬ڹڷкܶ࣬Ҳ֪
һһ㶣ֺһڻش𣺡˵ѣ֪ô˷Щ֮ͻȻúҺء




221 
 

Ϊʲôڿѣһ룬ֺӦ֪Ϊʲôһǳ̰غնֺͺܷڶֺʵִ̫ˡ
֮ǰ̫ŵʱΪڸߺһִţûŵ
ΪʲôERICȻ֪еԵɣĳֺ۾Ժһϲֻһ㡣仰˵ֺ۾ⲻȳ̰غտһǳй
һҡҡͷһЦ֪
Ҳ˵ǱˣǾˣһҲûϸ˵
ֺţһ̧ͷȥֺЩ顣֪ղŵЩ˶١
ERICҲЩ˼˵˱˻ץĸоЩȻ˫Լıӣȥ
ི𣿡ֺֻԼʲôû飬Ҳֻܵûˡ
һҡҡͷϴȥˣҪһܹСһϲ裬ҪϸʮӰСʱһʱĿҲûô졣
ֺͷǵû뵽̰غնôġǳ̰غרŸСһװ޳ģ¥Сһ԰
һһȷʵ̰غյҲû뵽ԭΪ̰غվֽһ͸ʲôرƵˣ˭֪¥̫ˣҲѹ˵ϲ̰غյ
һϣֺҲ硣һʼҲΪԼһϲġ
˭֪̰غյ֪̰֮غյжġ
ȻǼཱôɰҪôɰĶӣҲôġ
ERICǲʲôཱུĸˣཱིһ̿ʼһֱˡ
ERICвཱུĳɳﲻ
ĸڵĻERICȻó̰غղôĶӦõġ
˵ҲǡֺͷЦЦҪôɰĶӣС
̧ͷһۺһĲĶӺͺһİߵĻҲȳ̰غİٱ
ERICֺһ񣬲֪Ϊʲô׺һղΪʲô˵ǿѶˡ
ֺһ۾̫ˣǲǴ಻ͬĸ顣
ĸ챬˵Ļ˺һԼ
һֺ֪ڿԼڵֺ
ERICģȥغǱߡ
ЩΣֺҲ̫ڳȣû취ӡ
ERICʾĵͷֺסһȴERICһסֱһ뿪ŷſ
ʲôֺȾЩŭûлͺһú˵ںòлˣǸ
ERICЩ˼ԼıӣҲǺİ
˼Ůˣ׷ģһ˵ᷳء
ERICЩ޹Ŀڰ㡣
ֺüͷʲôͺһ˵
ʲôˣĶڰǲͺһ˵
ѵûпѾԶЩ׷Խȥ
ERIC˵ţԼߵϵݸǸˣӦ˵ʲô
Ҳ׷ԽԷԽ롣˭ϣԼһ˦ǣ֮䶼Ҫռģۡ
ֺɫعƽЩйķ֡һԽԽԶҲԽԽż
ԽϣŻ᲻ζסΪľܹúһǰ
ֻܻ֮صǰ
ԽԽԶˡֺԳЦЦԼһϣĴڡ
ERICüСһƬ˺֣һƬ
ûˣץץԽԽߡˣֻ˼ҵѶѡ
ֲˣȻñ־룬Ӧ˵е֪֪֮ԷϲԼˣǾͰǷ˼úѾˣȻѶû
ֺ˵֪ʲôERICҲԼԼġ
ڶԹ緹ԭһԷġֺϾԼԶܻⲻȥ
ֺȻϵҡͷѩӣҪȥ
ô˵ѩãʲôҪġ
ѩֺһ,ɫЩѿ⼸²ѩ˵Ĵˡ
ԸԺ󣬲Ҫ°ɡ
һһῴġȻֳŵܲ԰Ĳ֪˵ʲô




222 
 

ֻһҲֻЦЦĳŵʲô壿ѩѩֺֺֺĳŵѩԲصģѩҲء
ǵ飬˵ûеĻ˵һ˭ãڶѩ̬ȣѾֺһһΪһ̸ˡ
һֺֹ֪һģǱϾԼãûа취ᡣ
û£ȥɣʱĻһԼһܹģֻ⣬ǲԭѩǹȥֻǽ
˵ˣһԼһͷֺ뿪
̰غҲǲĵģѩЩĿ뵽ΪջˣһҲΪ˲ٵĿࡣ
ЩȴҲֻھԺһ꣬ʵƽ
ERIC֪ѩ飬ֻ֪֮ĺһһЩ鷳֪ĵʲô
ڿ˵ɫһᵽѩ͸ֲģѩһʲôˡ
ѩ˭ERICֵʵô˵˶ôǺܿĵӣ
һһţ̷ERIC ǰûлشĻҲǲ֪ôشERICһ˵ģȻ
һۣҲû֮ĶԻҲǲϲѩԸɴ͵ûˡ
һʾǲ˵˵Щ鲻̫á
ҳԱˣ裬ȥѧУˣһѧСɰҪŶཽеϣǵɼ˾ȥѧУ
̰غճͣҲҪȥ˾ڣҲֻʣһƵĿڣིûˣΪѩ
֮ǰΪģ֪ݲ㣬һֱûк˵¡
WhatERIC۾ǰɣ飿ô֪
鷢ʱϷΪ˲㵣û˵ûˣȻҲûҪٶ˵
ǽֺᵽѩĻҲ
WhyERICףĿźһǲǺҲҿųģ㲻ҵģ
ô飬ȻһĻزˣǲǾͼôɰ˵꺢ˣ
һǸĶЦЦʱûбҪ֮ǰֻǺ˵ͳ̰غһ飬û˵ѩཱུ¡
ڲǸˣ𲻿ˣЩǲĵ飬Ҳáһ֪Ѿֻúĺˡ
ѩͷڳߣĳһ񶼺þûмĺˡ
磬һҿԳȥ𣿡֪˶ãѩῪʵ
ڿֺһۣһֻͷȻԣְڼһԷȻؼҳԷ𣿡
ָĸȻͬѩϾԼŮ֪ԻǽһϲķˡķѾװ޹ˣԢͷ
磬áѩЦЦῪ˵ʱľˡ
ɵáֺֻϣѩͷҪô벻ҲҪɵˡ
ȻҲֺֻѣòڼϢһԹ˵ҪšָĸҲھԺôʱ䣬Ǹóȥɢɢĵġ
״̬ȥҲͬˡֻû뵽ѩȥ߾Ȼȥҳ̰غȥˡ
ϵ˿ʱһ֪Ҳûô
С㣬ԽȥܲڼͻĻѩôܷϣֻ뿴̰غգ˵̰غպͺһˡ
˵ڹó̰غǰôء
סģѩ·ûĻһ㣬ֱƿŽȥ
ĳ̰غպݶͷݺͳ̰غʽöһЩϸڵӣҲһ͹˵ġ
ѩһϲģ첽ѩ߹һѱס
ѩþòҺ㡣ѩЦЦҲֱ˱ǰôôһͬˣҲС
þò˵꣬ſݣֱ̰غ߹ȥܲ˵ıס̰غա
غո磬þòҲ㡣ֹǺ룬뵽Ҫˡ
̫Ҫ裬ҲԹھԺš㿴̰غգ㿴Աֵúܺá
ҲΪſԳģȻƻҪðɡȻ˵ڳ״̬ҲҪȥܳˡ




223 Ϲ
 

̰غû뵽ֱܹסԼһֱûͱıס
ͷһԼѩڵſ
ѩûôĸ飬ûҲ˼
ϣѩԶ棬Ҫˡ
ôһ˵ѩӲԭأɻǽšû취ʵ̫̰غˡ
⼸²Ҫ裬ںò׿ҽߣôƵסֿ׷ſ
غո磬Ѿ֪ˣ㲻ҪôҺòã
ѩ΢ֻҪ̰غջǰ
Ա߿ţΡͻȻЦ߹ȥźۼĽѩͳ̰غշֿ
ȻǺþûʲôú˵
˵ŽѩԼߣȥ̰غա̰غһѩԶһЩ
ѩЩ㵵Ŀһݣ漴Ӧǰٴ̰غյ֡
غո磬㶼û˵ҪҪԭء̰غն̬Ȳһ㣬ѩҪôưոݣ
ò׳ģҲòײһ档ѩֻó̰غջǰһ㲻Ҳûйϵ
ݿų̰غյ֣ɫѿһɹЦݣְѩԼߣų̰غա
ѩһ£ԱߵһǣҺͰ̻Ҫ˵ء
ѩôִ֣Ҳ˲ģֻðѹ
̰غտһݣڸʲôڳ˫һһ͵ģ˵õİɣ
ôһѩȾЩŭɿ̰غڣҲ÷쭡ոսʱ˵̰غڼͻ˵ľݰɡ
뵽΢˵Աһ㣬ȴûгš󿴵Σ½ļսپ
ûʲô̫⣬ǩְɡһ̰غսļݵǰƢرá
ݵͷ˿ļȷûʲôĵطǩ֡ǵǩ֮ѩĴ۾ų̰غա
غո磬ôöˣͲһԸ𣿡
ѵڳ̰غѾôˣᵽͲ뿴𣿿ǵʱԺʱṵ̂غô
ڵĳ̰غᶼмˡ
ûա̰غջ̧ͷһִۣ
Ժûʲô±ҡڸͲ;񣬶ġ
ѩҧ촽Ҫ˳̰غôһ˵Щġ
һϺ˵̬ѩ˳ȥ̰غڻԸҲԸһԷѩѾûκεĻˣһ
ֻҪĶԸһˣѩѾΪ塣
ݣ㵽ʲôһһεֹҺͳ̰غ׽
ѩЩ˦֣ոȥ̰غաȥ̰غյҲͳ̰غ˵Ҳ
˵ǹͬʲô
ݱҲЦȥͷ
ѽѩҲþûˣ㿴Ҿ˵Ҳúҷѽ
ǾȥҺһ鷳ͺˣʲô취
ѩߣתٴν̰غյİ칫ҡţһѩת
ڻȥûţ°ͣѾѩȥһˣٽȥڶΣ򣬳̰غջɱġ
ѩһ֪Ǳ̰غյİ칫ң뵽ѻתͷݡ
ɵĺ£ûͳ̰غպú˵Ƚôãȴûܺͳ̰غ˵ϼ仰
޹գգ۾ɺûκιϵ̰غҲǴ˸˶ѡ
ѩǰһѩסҪͳҷҸոȷʵΪѽ
⸱޹ģѩüΪ
ڲ뿴㣬ֻ㣬ҲŰġ
ݿѩݣּĶ͡ѩһ£˵ҲͦԵġټȥҳ̰غյĻ˵̰غĻԶټ
ĺغաĿڷۣÿÿҹĶ˯š
Ϊ̫ˣһԺ˭
֣˵һҴ
ҲҪߣ˳ˮ飬һûʲôá




224 һ
 

õݵĳŵ֮ѩĻȥҲһ֪ԺŮ˻ᾭ
뵽ЩйĴͷôôùһѾˣһѩҪŪĽ
ͷɥʲôδܲð칫һͷɥģ̲סüʵ
ΡһΣ۷˹ȥ
ΣŮʵ̫ˣҿмܲסˡ
ԼκͷԼߵ֣ס콫Լó
Ů˻¡Ǹеģȴ̲סҪŮ˻Ůˡ
ôһ˵ƲƲ죬ָԼ·
ûĶôܲһģһûŮϲģĲ飬ߣһҲɰ
ü֪˭ȵʱ˵ϲŮӲϲģ
ϲŮϲˣԼ鶼㲻ã˵
ķ˸ۣ˵ӽĺڳ̰غնοɰˣ̰غնģͦġ
Һô׷𣿡ڹ˾ﲻ֪СҲϲĺ˵ĺûҪһ
泳ʲô̰غţղθϢ˵һӺ칫ҪҪ㱨
10ӶҪȥˣ˻ṵ̂غԭ뿴ģ˭֪졣
ܲã˼λͷһ߳˸˭˭ܲõȵֲ
βعͷͳ̰غսȥһֿţѻʤϲеһ˽ȥ
Ͳ𣿡һԼ·ôô᣿
ߣһ㣬ŮҪϧ
ˣΣ˵һ鵽¡
̰غնѾ֣ʶʼ˾һֱȥġ
ȥθոձɳʱû֣̰غһʱ֮仹Щ̫ϰߡ
ɫͷеļݸ̰غգļһU̡
̰غմ򿪣߽Uó嵽򿪡
ǺѩϵϣӦǱֶĹϵӦýùãѩϵĹ˾ҲռͶֵ֧ģ
ǳ̰غСů۸֮ȥġ
Ҫ֪ԷʲôˣǸкŮȥôŰ衣Ǹʱʼ̰غվ֪ͥӦòû뵽ȻǸ׼ͥĺӡ
ܲҲŮһѪϿ̫Ѫ
鲻֪ԭϾȻܲôණ˵޳ָ¼̡
ϳһϢйںѩϵģҲǺ衣
һƣ˱˵ʲôأֲʲôôʲô
źģ߹ȥһĻѩϵʱ΢΢ü
Һ￴벻ֲǸŮˡ
̰غ̧ͷôԺģмǵס£
ܲãôҵļòã
˵ţⲽɳǱ˳輸ϵһƿϣšӺ
κͳ̰غնһۣ֪ڸʲôá
ƣ㵽֪֪ûôģһżֱӽȫ
ô׵վһۡ
ʲôѾ뵽ˣ
˵꣬ߵ̰غյߣٴοڣļǸˡ
һܲòҲһܲ÷˵ȻҾͲһܲ÷˵Ĵѧ˳ҲһͬѧȻܲ÷˵ͬѧͼˡ
ȷͺѩżһģһ̰غպ£
ǸҲպкѩޣһʼΪǸŮأ˭֪Ǹеġ
ĵ˵ұ֤һˡ
̰غ˼ѩϺǸѩе˼֪ʲô˵ܡ
ǲʲôԣǿ˫ֶ̥ôӦ˵ǲŶ˫̥ʲô
˵УԶǷӦǸ
̰غûͣר־ĿźѩϵϣѩϺݵʲôϵ
ǵõյʱ򣬺˵ݺͺѩǺţʲôֶ
β
̰غջΣ£Զĵġ




225 ʲô
 

ѩϣŮʮһ֮꣬ǰһֱJڹԼҵռͶʵռռɰٷ֮ʮ
ѩϺĹɶռ60%Ի仰˵ѩϵĹ˾˵Ĺ˾ռҵĹ˾
Ǳ߲鵽ʲô̰غտʣӦò鵽һЩˣȻصع
εͷУܲÿѩһֱкռǶƺռֻѵĹϵռмר˺ѩϻһЩlogo̱֮Ķ
ܲռҵרһֱкܶҪǾǶԷ˴۸ռҶû
ȴѼר͵͵ĸ˺ѩߵĹ˾
ڻռҺͺѩڽвƲתƣôܣռ죬ںгһֱͷ
ռڲ̫ƽݵүүտ˽Ů˽ˡһտ˵Ҫռ35%Ĺɷݡ
ôһ˵̰غմôˡռȻҴҵ󣬵ǱϾǼҵתƵгʱռҵļ屧һڵϼš
һȻҴҵ󣬵ǾֵÿһϵĹɷݲǺܶࡣ
˼ҪֹȨģôܻͬ⣿ǺͺѩϺǼ˽ӽŷֲƲ֮ǰһֲƲתƳȥ
ңѩϵĹ˾ڹҲһķǺĻתƳЩר̱֪꣬ΪǴ档
ҲΪʲôżǺԭ򡣡
̰غյͷֲݺʱҪݼӦ
ˣ˵һκǱ߲ûеõ̫ĺôǳϣԳû򿪺г
ݼڵңסԼλãȻҪѰһǿĺ顣
ڹ⣬ЩʱҶءǲһݺǻȥǼ˽Ӻ
һϵôЩ꣬ɲĶ϶һЩһԼλñ˶ߣΪһʱ˼Ҷߡ
ɶȨشı仯֮ľǲƲ̲顣һ̲軹֪ʲô£Ҳ֪̳Щʲô
ʱɲزסλõ⣬п̷ܵĴ
㶢ŵ㣬һĺȲҪǩҸȥһºѩޣһʲôϵ
ѩϺͺѩ޲񣬶Ҳüһģһ˵ûйϵ̰غǴŵġ
εͷ֣Ϊʲôʱûʾѩеܵܣ
Ҳ麫ѩϵʱû鵽ʲôֵܽá
Ҳ֣ʲôϵĻӦÿԲóģⶼϡ
Ͼ㲻ò飬ֱӰٶȶٶȵĵΪʲôѩϺͺѩ޵Ĺϵ鲻أ
ȥ飬ߴð˴̻ıֵöһ顣
̰غɫŵ˵Ͳһ㶫鲻
ѩޱص顣
ܲãȥܲ÷ˣ֪֪ѩܺùͷӬһȻѩ޺ͺһǴѧͬѧĹϵǺһٶе˽⡣
̰غյͷô£һȥһúʡ
ѩޣһüþöûˣôʶ
ɲɣӡ󣬶ӡ̡
̰غսˮݹȥװĻش𣺡ûУż˵֣㣬ôʶ
ѩ޵ʲôͷ
㻹ʶˣǲǵôѧʱ򣬾ҸװƵһᡣ
һһ£Ҫ˵ʼأʵ̰غӦûʶġ
šһڴѧμӵΪᣬȻǵá
Ȼϳʱ򣬸㱨ĻǸˣʱԺһգˡ
ǴѧͬѧҪҲѡȻ˵ѧܴ󣬵ѧԺһ꣬Ҳһ
̰غվμֻĻԣѩһİ
Ǹƴߵˣʱ̰غղ㶼ˡ
Ů˹Ȱ
ԣûһ֣հ񡣡
հ񣿡̰غü֪ˣ𣿡
һͷЦ԰ѧҵԺ˵һ飬װʱԵɺϲΪʲôš˿ͦģҲǺϲ
Щʱ򣬻һĶڴѧʱ˭Ҳ벻ѩһհǡ
Ϊʲôϲ
Ϊǰ׷ģӰˡ




226 հ
 

׷㣿ʲôôÿ˶Ůˣ
һһ֪̰غճԴˣæеˮһ飬ι
ԣҲԴףǶǺþԶˡ
Զ첻֣ﻹй˵ĳ֡
ʱô׷ģ˵ѩޣӦ˵հĲһ
ռҺͺҵĹϵѩָհڵʲôˡ
һһ£̫ˣˣкܶϸڶǵá
ʱ׷ҵʱҶѾȷܾˣǻңʱǿкһԷֱһΣҵں֮û
ҲֻǺ̵ܶһʱ䣬Ϊɧŵʱ䲻ǺܳԺһûôϡ
̰غЩģ٣ǿһԷ
ôǿкһԷһĻ߿ˡ
ҺȥԷʱͻܹһԣԱߡʱԼȥԷʱҲһֱšһʱҶǴ߽
ǰҲ°ɣæֲôͲôϡ
ôˣһôôҪ˸ٵĻǸһӵġҵһúýѵǳ
ûиˣһμҲھưɡ
µһ죬Ҳ˺ͳ̰غյ˽һϡ
̰غɫӲˣ˵հһʲô
ˣ˵Ҹæ
ERIC˵ˣҵǸˡһ£ȷʵӦһ£֪˭뺦
˼ϸ֣ϣôʦѧڡǸ˻ҳ֣֪жôг
̰غյĻˣǸ˶а취̳ٴߣٶв졣
ʲôæǺһμܾ֮öԲ
Ҳ飬ھư˭֡ERIC˵Щ˲òѾ¶ڴǰˡµʱ˵£ҥ֮ġ
֮ǰʲôںڲͬںˣҲҪļͥ
ôͲɱƻ
ãȥ顣֪Ϊʲô̰غԼԼľãǸհпܾǳһֵˡ
ÿҵڴѧıҵƻϣܻķ
ЩĻˣԼ׷ŮͻһЩõ뷨Ůûз׾ҵ˵ĺ֡
ǺѩϣҵĺѣѩҲҵĺѡ
źѩϺѩ֣ǽܱ˴ˡѩһۺѩϣ֪ѩϣǰϼΡ
ͺ΢һѩҲŮҵҡ˵ͦ׷ģ˵һŮ
֪㡣ѩջߣѩĸоǺܺãΪеǿ
С㣬Ҳʶ㡣ѩ΢΢һЦһ֣ջ
СĻһŹһ
ѩ۾ŷĹ⣬ѩǰǸ͸ˣòҲ֪ѩʲô
ҲŹѣѩüòָָ㣬ֲǲ֪úԺһܺһ
ϧ̫ˡһ䣬ѩϵĻѩ촽ˢһվɫ࣬ȥҪ
ѩϣô˵ģѩȽϵ㣬ɴŮǿˡ
мŹŬա
û˵̫ˡļҾȴһһⲻǴʲô˵Ҳһվߵģһܱ֤һһù
ѩЦЦǰķһ˵ɴ䣬ˮ
ѩ̫׵Ŀͺһʲô𣿡
ΪʲôҪݰ֪ΪʲôǺѩΪʲôҪС£
ѩʼ磬һڿȣܼ򵥣ҪںͳϺ
ҪȶĻֻпֻѪԵ᲻ɴݵĹϵάȥ
ȻƾճĺǾ˵ġ
˵һ˺ͳ̰غһ𣬼޸Ƕ˵һ¡
аտһֱͳ̰غպϾռߵˡ
ǵ˼޸Ҳܱ֤һܺͳϺ֪ΪʲôѩͷԸѣܿһС
80%İգүӵĹɷݣ֮󣬻ȫ̰غյӡ
˵ǰµġ




227 ̼
 

ѩЩ𾪣ôʲôֲ֪ĸһֱ취޽̼ңԭôԭ
ȻҲֻ֪֪ܼ޸̰غգ̰غտһռҺ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôѩϻ֪ѩϺּұ֪˶ԶϢô֪
Ҳ֣ҲûΪһֱܹĳ̼ҵĶ̬ΪʲôȻ᲻֪
ѩ֪ΪʲôҴû˵
ֻ֪Ǽ֪仰˵ұǲ֪ģֻǻԵɺ֮һЩ
ѩ˵ѩǺּ֮ľ뻹Զ˵ͳ̼֮Ĳˡ
ִûʸ֪ģֻҪύ˶࣬ٻһЩ
ǴģݺѩһͬòǼٵİɣ
ʶһޱŮǺζߵ飬ҹϵܣζӦö֪ɣ
Ӧû˲֪ζ죬ζǺ΢ľ֣ȦҲ΢巣Ҫ˹ʵ̫ǿºܶʱ򶼼ɣʵЧ
΢巵ø硣ѩȻ֪ζ첻һһǸޱʲôˣϵʲô˼
ѽѩ˵Щʲôݿһʾ⺫ѩϲҪ˵ˡ
ѩͺζĹϵǶ֪ζ׷ѩܶ꣬һһģͻȻѩζһϵܵ飬ѩ˵һִ
ʲôվҪ֪¡˲һɲģǲ˼һӦܸܲ𣿡
ѩϳЦһ˵ʵڵģѩˡϲζ죬ȴһֱ˼ҵθڡ
˼ܵŮˣһôҪ˼ΪػѲɣ
û£˵ѩƽ飬Ͳˣܲ˵Ļѩ
ζǴӺ΢˵ģޱҲᵽȥˣȷʵ
ѩͻȻЩѩΪĲܴˣû뵽ͦǿ
֪ˣҪûʲôҾˡ
ѩͷ˵ţˣûȣݺͺѩϿڡ
Ҫ̼ݲĿźѩϣãٴ̼Ŀܻ衣
ѩϲмһ裬ôл᣿ռڵ㻹ˣ
¶˼Ʋɼá˶ҪѡģΪ棬в˺˵ĵ
ҧ촽ǲֻ֪ѩòײҪٷĻ˭֪ʲô
Ҳǣܺͳ̰غճϹϵˣûҪ̼ˡ
ѩһ´һݣ۾ǲм
ֲռһᱻ˱ƳĴռҳǱ˵ģ
һ仰ҷʵ̫ǿǺϼռͶʵģڣϵķչǰռһҪá
ְڻҪѩϹǵĵλء
ˣ㲻ðڳ⸱Ӹҿúð֮ǰ˵Ҹոո˵ЩֻǴ̼ȥҺζѣͺζһˣ˵δزǺ¡
ò˵ѩǸز¶ŮǿˡĲѩȷʵȥҺζˡ
ȥζĹԢʱָƺǿԿζ칫Ԣŵġ
ȥʱ򣬲ŵشͿֻ߸ЬĶڵϣɢ·
ȫؼǰߣ򿪺ζң沢ûˡ
ѩһ£תȥͷţȻеľ
ܡͻȻ˿Žŵޱ̳ѩķ򿪹ȥѩʱɫһƬ԰ס
ζתͷѩüͷԡ۳߹ȥ
ѩôˣǾϲֺµģϲΪѩµѩ
ԭѾ»ѽǶԲ𣬴ˡ
˵ţתߣȴζһס
ޱߡޱ˵ʱ򣬿˵ǺĮһ˿һĸ顣
ϵŮɫ԰׵ҧŴȴҲԹģ·ʰԼ뿪ζĹԢ
ѩû뵽֮ǰȥѩһ̫ӣԣӲ˵ˡ
Ҳû뵽ͱŮһ𣬲ûϵҲˣȷʵӦˡ
ѩ˵仰ʱȴǸޱж˿顣
ͰѺζƷˣ




228 ˹
 

ô˵֪ҵġҺҲֻѣ֪˶Լ󣬵ұ֤һˡ
ζЩµ֣ҪΪԴףĿԲٺǸޱ
ãôܣǸŮ˺еһƴ欵Ļɫ
ô᲻ãֻѩʲôʱҶ⣿
Ѿô꣬ʲôʱܺһ
ѩԥһ£ں£ӦζĻζ춼ûˡ
ζǰһӱס֪ҴˣҲˣҲẦ¡ԶͷһۣҶĸԵޱ˵ϲҵʱҡ
˵ˡѩתס㲻ٺ棬ҴӦԡ
Ҳǽ֪ԭﻹͦζġȻҲûѩ˵ζޱ飬ͻ
ζ󾪣ǰɣø벻һѩͬһ˵ֻԡ
ͺܿˣԺûнԺһҲˡ
˵ģĲƭѩôͻȻӦأ
ѩͷҲ˵ٻˣһõġҲҲʧȥˣʧȥĶʵ̫ˡѣ˻Ұˡ
ѩͷһᡣ
ζ챻⸱ģסˣûмѩô˸й
ѩָ˲ᣬңһõġ
ѩûɲţϣζѾǺܺúܺõˡ
ERICڵ⼸죬̰غյĴûǲĽкһΪ̰غɱĶˡ
Ҫȥ˾Ҳʱʱ̶̿ںһߡERICȴһûͨĻһ춼Ǻͺһһģó̰غơ
ҺһûйһദʱͶ˺ܶࡣ
ȥأERICʲôʱ뿪Ǽң
ʲôʱߣٲҾˡҲܳʱ˰ɣҲǡԴERIC֮öʱ䶼ںERICġ
ô˵Ǳˣǲġ
гѾˣ֮ҪϢܳһʱ䣬Ҫס
ERIC˵붨й̫ϲйߵĻ
ңེڣ߶Ҳܷ㡣
ҪסǼңˣסѾܲˣҪסûʲôɫ
һ֣ͷһİɣȻǡҵ˼˵йסһʱ䡣ҹҪȥҷӣûкʵģ˵һ
֮Ҳôµཷѧ֮Ҳܹȥʲôġ
̰غջǲ⣬ô࣬ǵѡߣѲɻվźһིţ
ʲôʱ֮ǰҲԣӦԼĴ㡣
̰غ۾һһȥĻǸоûа취ճźһ˰ɣ
һ΢΢һ㶣ǰôûйأǽҪʲôҲû
һܻǳŸ΢鷳ڶӲ̫ܵȥͳںͳ̰غյĹϵҲꡣ
һ룬ڵѡûأȥЩС˾˼δػϾС˾ź򣬶ңҲ¡
˹ҡܶʦԼĸ˹ңнһЩƣͶ֮ġ
ȻʱеƷƵĻ˵Լĵ̺ԼƷơ
̰غû뵽һﾹȻдҵ뷨ܺãϲ
úֺ棬Լ
ãⲻĹҪʲô𣿡
ң԰æڽǮϵⷽ棬ǿṩġ
һ΢΢˼һ£ͷˡ

ⲻཱུĴҵ
Һ˵ҼֻȥϣڰǶʱĹ⣬ԣֵĻһܿġ
ңֵҲ
̰غһ£ͷͬ⣬ȻϲǾͽɡ
Ƿ𣬺һЦû뵽ͣ˵ҵʹҵ
˹ʵҲڲ뵽ģڴѧʱж˼
ô˳ԼԼƷҲܺõĵز
ڴѧʱкͼһĸĸͷͬ⣬ǳĻѾˡ




229 ȥ
 

̰غȻͬģֻҪһģͬ⡣
˵̸Ůӵ˼ǣֻҪŮˣǾͶˣھôġ
ǲ˵£е绰
ʱ˭绰ϰ˵㣬ʱһ㶼˽ʱ䣬һ㲻˴绰ŵģʲô顣
ʲôȷϢģ̰غɫЩ̫ãҲһЩ
һֵĿôˣѵÿĽš
ţ֪ˡ̰غպǱ˵䣬͹ҵ˵绰
һѯʵ۹⿴ǳʲô𣿿ǴϵģҲڼңүҲȥӦòǼ顣
΢巳ˡ̰غ˵ţվȥ·
ȥ΢ûи㣬ֻһܵܣǵܻܵǸĶ˵Ϻ΢巣
һһҲ·׼һȥ΢ѣѵʱ򣬺΢аҲҪһء
ʲôˣŲôһʱ䣬ǳǱӦòΪɣô˵»˴඼ǿź΢巳ġ
̰غתץסļһĶͷһ󣬲ҪҲҪ˵
һɳĻʵ̫ڵּ֪ͥĸӣиֹĶǡ
̰غô˵һͷ֪ȻҲ˵ھǵģĺ΢巡
ERICչ˺ེ󣬺һͳ̰غųšѾ붬ˣЩ䣬Ʈѩ̰غ·һֱû˵
һóһε飬ӦͦءȻ̰غôܻôࣿ
̰غЩŵģһ֣סģЦЦһ仰˵
ʱҪ˵ʲôҪ̫ࡣֻҪͿԣ֪Լһֱھͺá
̰غջͷʲôҲû˵ֱֻ۽ڻԼļϡ
˾̰غյɫãҲû˵ʲôֻǴ֣Ǻ滺֡
һ˾ЦЦ˾ˡ֪̰غ鲻þûпӵ֡
ܿ죬Ǿ͵˺μҡ˵⻹ǺһһμңȻ˵ͺ΢巵Ĺϵ֮ǰû
ͣڴԺܿӶó̰غ³
үôˣμҹܼȻû뵽̰غջ벻ô˳׺ȻϢ
΢أ̰غûлشĻֱӿ
ܼ¶ɫôشΪǳ̰غյĳӣԼ˲ûֱͨӷˡ
ڴﶼֵһƬҲϲ֣ǲñ֪ġ
̰غտģһֱźһߡ
ŮվŮˣڼȻˣֵҲ΢ʱܲõλóˡ
û΢巵ʧҲܶ࣬˵ˣ΢巺Ӧҽôã˰ɡǾˣһƹǳţǾͲˡ
ûߵ̰غպͺһЩһŷӦΪʲô̰غյɫôѿһЩš
΢飬̰غȻźͷŭ˵ģ˵һع֮ʱ俴ġ΢ȷʵܳɫ˵Ѿɫˡ
Ůҵҵһǿɲ˵˵ѣ΢ôɫϼһȻλ̰غôôţ
һǵó̰غ˵΢巶ڳ̰غ˵һĴڡ
ȻǱãɴСһ𳤴ֲõҪ
ùüҽ̰֡غմźһȥһ㶼Աߵɳ
̰غյӰոջڷԵǼˣͻȻû˻
ζһԣԭЦģ̰غյӰʱϵЦ˲ûˡ
غôˣһ̰غգ΢巵ĸĸ۾·𿴵˾ǡ
ͻȻҼұṵ̀غ˵һҲ飬һͷЦһ£񿴵Щϼһǳ鴤ǡ
˭֪̰غ壬ôô΢巾ܹˣһʲôŻģȻ̰غȻܣϵܹһˡ
磬лл㣬ҡ΢۾Щ죬óո̵
ںˣг̰غڣҲ۸
ȻлңǸﲻ裿̰غ˵ţʾ
΢ߵԱһһο
ոսʱҷ·˵ұÿˣͲǺμҵˣ
̰غЦڶʲôʱˣЩϼһ˼ôôظΪ޳ȥŮóȥˮ




230 μҵ
 

غհǺμҵ飬㲻ò֡
΢巵ĶῪڣǺһóԳ̰غջǺصģЩ³̰غա
̰غôһ˵һ㶼εЦ
μҵҿԲұúҹùõ£ûа취
ʲôǺμҵ飬ǰǿų̼ҵʱô˵Ǻμҵ飿ںˣǳ죬ǵѧӲˡ
΢̰غôһ˵û޳ղźμô೤ʱÿһ˶ڱʱĸĸûҲ˵ʲôǸʱʵ̫ˣ֪˭԰Լ
ûмǴұƹǳŵʱ򣬲ûзʲô⣬һǳţұƹڼĲ񱨱λԿһ¡
̰غ˵ţóֻݸ΢巣ȥӡĸλÿһݡ
һȼˣʲôʱģңʱ򣬳̰غպ񻹲֪΢巵׷ʲô飬ôᡭ
һļûӹǳ֮ǰĲ񱨱
̰غղܽ˺΢ǳЩĲ񱨱ûƹǰġ
΢巵ͷת¥ȥ鷿Щļӡ
μҴں΢ȥӡļʱû˸˵رİ
ʵ̰غղΪЩˣһ鷳Լ鶼ܶ࣬ûǸʱ䡣
ǾȻ۸΢巵ͷˣ̰غղ˵ʲô֮
ò˶೤ʱ䣬΢巾Ŵӡõļһ˸һݡһҲõһݡ
ĸλö񱨱һ˾ӪΣڲ񱨱ϡĸλԿһ΢⼸ӪǳţǺûǲá
һֿ񱨱һ£̰غԱȣȷʵں΢巵Ĵǳŷչĺܲ
ʵǲ񱨱һҲ֪΢巰ǳŴò
ѧʱǳŵûô󡣵ʱűҵȥ̫ȥϣ߳
ǳţ˵ʵǸʱǳǿ۵ġʱǳŲʵҲûô󡣺ǺһǴĵʱ򣬺΢ǰҵӹʼƹǳš
˲ʱ䣬ǳžʹһĹ˾ڵͷҵ֮һ
к΢巹ж󣬿˵ᡣڣȥ·ˣһǶʶ΢巡
ϾŮӣҪˡּͥȻ˵ǼҴҵλϲ׼
ǵ˼ʱͨ˵ĻҪִĶ࣬ҪظĶࡣŮ˼룬ǻǻеġ
Ůˣ̰غЦŮҼˣⱾӦõ顣ܷϳôͱɺ΢已Լܲõİʯˣ
ɣͺ˵΢巻ԲԼܲһЦ
ڳ̰غյҪԱ𲢲Ҫڹܶʱй˾ŮܲΪࡣǳţʱƷģŮⷽϸΪУҲơ
غգ⻰ô˵˾ȻǳţϾպΡ΢ҪǼˣѲҪӦ
ζǲɿڣ̰غҲϾЩϼһ˼뻹ͣǰءҪǣ漰ǵɡ
ûмǴĻǹŮӼǲøյġ
һ̲סڣЩͷĶŮ˵£ԵĲŮԡ
̰غպͬס֣Ĳ⼸ͷҲκ΢ó֮ܲλˣŮ˵¡
ңҼǵõ΢ܲõʱҲǾټİɡǸʱô˵ŮӳҪˣܲأ
һǵúΪʱ΢λʱ򣬳үг֡
ʱʱбֽ־Լƾֽ־涼ᵽ£˵΢ǺμҸϣܲһְҲġ
⡭μҼ֪˵ʲôãһͳ̰غնû˵΢巳ܲһְȷʵǾټ
ʱǳŵĲ״ã̼Ǹʱûаμҵ˼
⼸ϵľź΢己ϾǳүӵŮСڳ̼ҳ󣬳үӻôİ
ǳܲһְǳĲ⣬үһ²
ȷʵǲ¶ˣҲĶˡΪ΢巳ǳܲһְүӿʼǳźҲ֪˺΢巶飬ӺõĴ˾
үݣ֮ǰǳǩ󶩵ΪľúμҵǰģҪΪѺ΢巡
үǰͺ΢ǩ̰ͬغҲǩġ




231 ڸʲô
 

Ƕ޻˵̰غٴοڣǶ֪ΪʲôϻǳǱú͹ùãǳûǸ顣
ʵǳźںܴĳ̶ϣ̰غߵǺСġΪķݶǳţҲΪչ˺΢巡
ЩĿǳźĻȥͱļź̰غڵϵ
ζüȻ֪̰غΪʲôǳûᵱô˵˵
⻰˵ġǣѲɣܻǳŶǿһ·֣ߵ𣿡
ԭòײϼһǶعʱѩ֮⣬е˼˹ϡ
ΪܹúμҵĳǿĽĸŬںòϼһǶͬ΢巵λǳŵܲãû뵽·Ȼɱһ̰غ
úζô
ôҲṵ̂غյһ㶼ǫ飬˵ʵڵģǳн죬֪Ϸ˶١
ǳϣں΢巼ǳܲõǶʱ䣬ǳŹҪƲ˰ɡ
һ仰˵ǳžǿų̻ġҲǺ΢巵˷Ӫ涼رãܲõһʱ䣬˺ܶʦǳŵ¡
⻰˵Ҳ̫ˣȻǳǶʱ䣬˴ۡվҲϣȷʵǳǳʼպΡ
ζҲãڴ֮ܲλڴ̫ˡӼǰĳѵ֮ʼͻһԼܵõǳţһҵЩϼһﶼƣж
ҽѻ˵⣬΢已ǳŵܲãֹͣǳеĺ
̰غղǶϻЩˣԶֻ棬ԶҲֻõǰ档
Ȳ˵΢巵ΣҲ˵ϸǳŶٰ͵ζ˵̰غĲ֪ǳںζá
̰غգζܻĽסΪֻгܸǳŰռҲԣ
ݣǺζ˵μ˵Ҫ롣ϼЩҲĺζ첻У˵ܲãռҾͻǺʱͿغг
μҵϼһȻܲסջ󣬶Һ΢ȷʵҪ޸Ӧˡ˵ʵڵģҲº΢巼޸Ӧ֮ӦǱ߻õμʲôô
ռң̰غշӦԭζݺѽֲúμЩͷǾȻӦúζܲһְ
㾡ԡ̰غǲµģڵѱʲôǳ϶Կ
Ҳ֮΢黹ܵӰ졣
ǳſ˵ǾľҾǳΪŬнġǼеĳΪŮӣеĸͿĳɼпŬˣʵ̫Щ
硭ȵֻǵʱ򣬺΢̲סʪۿһѰס̰غա
ſŪ·ϡ
̰غ¾䵭־ס΢巵·ӣԼĻ
ǲ飬ѵҽһ硣΢µĲᣬ̫ˡȻǰﲻ֮ͱƵĽڽڰˣ޻֮
غգù㣬ôϢģǲûл̰غշϢ̰غҲ֪μҵЩƺ΢巣Ȼ֪Ļ͸ˡ
ĸһʢһЩżһһԷͱȥˡ
̰غսӹеںһǰ
θҵġѾ֪ȻǰĶһЩ
ֻڣԺԸ񣬿϶ô췢Լķ仡˵Ļڲ֪ϢŴ绰ɡ
Σô֪ģĸˣûʲô֪μҵĳǷ֪
κסߣҴ绰ʱ˵ǿζǰͷǼ߹ˡ
Ը룬̰غҲµóǰʲô
ϺƺƵĹһζ죬ú΢ó֮ܲλĻʲô
ԵϣЩ񱨱Ҹ˹
ĸ͵ĵͷӣȷʵ̳ܲķӦҲ̳׵Ӣ¹ϡ
ҿ΢ţȻǶ֪ô졣˵ҲĸľȻﲻϺ΢巰㣬ֻܿɱ۸
ùùø̫̫Ǿ100ɣҲа취ǡ




232 йùùø
 

һЦЦղ۲һ£ȷʵ̰غյĹùùøȻв廰μҵ˲ˡ
ùùø̰غһôһ˵֧ͷ۾Ц⿴ôԾ𣿸һУоá
һӦɫʱôˣôͻȻų̰غһйùùøˣ
ûû£һˣԺͽҹùáĸ֪̰غպͺһģҲ֪΢Ϊ˺һ˺ܶ࣬һͬҲ΢巴˺ܶࡣ
ǰǰ綼һˡ˵΢巶ӦʲôʱŽ飿Ӷôˣµøˡ
θҲֺǺǵģǷһһȣúһЩ˼
һûʲôʱ飬˳Ȼȵʱ˳ʱȥ֤ͺˡ
ҵ飬ɲ֪Щͬͬ⡣̰غ˵ţֽһ
θ˾ǳ̰غˣӺͺһһĵһ쿪ʼʱ޿̲Ž顣
һĵһۣں˵ʲôأô飬ⲻ̫ǡ
һȽأҾͿԵһİˡ΢Ҳӹ⣬Ȥ˵
ǼҰغյüӰѾˣùﶼеƢԵģô׾Ȣֵġ
θЦһڵģһůþöûиַܵΧˡ
ζصңҧгݣԳ̰غյĺ˼֡
̰غգǺҹȥǺμҵʲôʱֵõ֣
Ǻòײ˵Щܲõġںˣ̰غģûˡ
֪ǳ̰غ˵Ĳǳȷʵǿǳ̻ġ
ζ߹ȥļ򣬰̾ġҪ־͹ǳŵû£ҲЩϼһûб°ǳǿ
ֻһ˵ʵҲ룬ԼҵĹ˾˭Ȩ
û취ʵǲò̰غյĻ
ǺռҺҲǱȲϳϵİֵģ
ǾҪǳպΣճ̣ʲôǳĹɶ⴫ȥֶЦ
ô㶷ù𣿱˵ǰǳţ˵ڵǳţڳ̰غʲôǣ˵ǳˣϵ̫ų̰غնǳʲô
ζôʲ
㰡ѧ躹ޣǱܸʲô취ô˵κ΢һӵǳܲá
ζļһ̣߳૵˵
ζ첻ش𣬷һ죬һҪǳŵܲã
ҶûȻô΢巡صҺ󣬺һȥų̰غգղںμң̰غյı־͸һͻȻһرůˡ
һôһ˵̰غü촽
𣿡С󣬺΢巶˵۸û˵ۺ΢巡
˺˵Ҳ˵΢巵ı磬Ǹˡ
һЦЦ׹¼ϣ߹ȥס
˿ҿóҪǲĻҲĸϹȥЩ鷳
ң̰غ˵Ϻǳźûʲô׬ġ̰غǸˣⷽ棬ѵ˵ۺ΢
̰غЦűǱ֪ˡ΢巴Сߣ˵һܲأ
ùùøͰְȥ󣬴Ҽá˵ҵĳɳиܵҵůǾǹùùøһҡ
ں΢巣еһÿÿ˻ͻܵæʰ̯ӡ
ǵøеʱ򣬺΢巺ͱŮӴܣҲܵİ༶ȥʰ̯ӡ
ôЩ̰غ΢ʰ̯ӣѾϰˡ
ҿóͦģ΢֮ǰǳùùø𣿡
ȥǲ̳߳ˡ
̰غҡͷôܣĹùùøˡ
ǣǴѧڣרŴоġүүҲǿ˹øһӵͬùúһ𡣡
ճүӵĻ˵ŮӼҪ޾ͼ˼ҵĺˡǳүֱɵն񣬲ŲԼⱦŮҲȥɡ
ֲáһ׵ĵͷһֱܺ棬˵μҲʲô壬ҲرǮļ壬ͳ̼ҵǲƥġļ壬үȴó̰غյĹùü޹ȥһʲôԭ
үŮУҵʱȢѩ˵ҪҸŵԣ԰ҵġ




233 ʿɶֹ
 

һЦⲢ֣һ˶ȽϲŮһЩŮϲӶһЩν
үүڻͬ𣿡
Ϊཡཱིôְ֣үӿ񿴵ԼСʱһܲϲ
ڳ̰غյүԶϲŮġкӣүӵĻ˵Ƥģڡ
ǲ͵͵˵ҵĻ̰غջཾͲ֪ܳһ
һʶķſ̰غգȵؿ߹ȥ
ôû˯ڶ10ˣ11ˣƽʱϢʱ˵ླྀ˯ˡ
֣һЦЦ֪˼ĺܺãһЩ
ΪڵѽסཽСյһǰ棬ԹԵı۾źһס
ƤȻô˵һһڣERICأ
ERICǺһڼôûˣ
£ȥˣ֪ʲô飬Ȼһ绰ⶼٵˣ˶û̫ˣ
СģС˵һģǸ˰·ܳȥˡ
һЩˣཷһСӡ
ϴ𣿡
Сһһ£˼ҡҡͷһεĿһۣתͷ̰غա
ȥϴ裬Ҵ绰ERIC
̰غյͷཱ¥ߣҲͬͬ⡣Сһȷʵǲô⣬;ϸߡ
·̰غաԡԡﻹûˮ
Сʲô˼˵Ҫϴ𣿻Ҫ·
뵽СһЩүſ˫ۣϴ裬Ȼѣ
û취Ǻһ񡣳̰غһͻȻΪʲôүŮˣǸŮӣԲôƤʵ
Ҫݸ裬ȥһ֭Ѻ·ལˮСĴԡˮͲû߸Сˡ
̰غΣܸСӼƽϣˣҪȾͺȰɡ
ǰٻ¥һ֣˵ϴ
С˵Ҫݸ裬һ֭һɻ󣬳̰غһߵ֭һ˵
һüţ̰غôСһĻ𣿲СһеŶ
ҸȥҪȥСһСһˡ
̰غͬ⣬еĳ֭ݸ¥ţܺãǰһˡ
֭ŵϴ̨ϣһáСһ۾Ϊǳ̰غգʮ˵
ལһ𴽽ǣŵ۾
ôѽǳ̰غǽг̰غȥó֭
ҪǲĻǲҪְָˣӺܴ
һЦţеĳ֭ݸСһͷЩ˼
ܵð迴ǲǸĵȻԺˣһĵˣǻڣ
Сģû˵ù˵ֻˣҪֿɰûа취
û㣬ҪʿɶֹŶ̰غձϾĸףָܲʹǰɡ
˼ûвʿɶֹཾСͣı⡣
һһֻһѣǸСӺ϶ܹԵġ
һĻСһ۾һɰЦЦһ֭ͷ
ѧءһ˵ţûˣԼһ̫Ŷ
Сһɵĵͷһһǣԡ
źСһһʱERIC绰ERICǱߺܳóӦھư֮ĳϡ
ȥЩطʲô㾭˽ȥֵط
һòԾĸ˻Լ˽еĳϵģ
ERICֵĳر˷ܣҲûôࡣ
˵ûľưɣҳİɣµġҽһȥҲȥˣסƵ꣬õŶ
ERICȥܿģһҲûа취ﻹòԾ
־ưɣôңʲô˶Уһʱϳô죿ʶôߣѲɴſֺīĵ
Լע㣬ǸԼ鷳һ鷳ͺѴһϣȥֳϡ
ERICڴӦҵ绰һҲɨˣȻûмڵľưɣȥɡ
˵ǼҾưҲ˾ľưɣǱϳһЩˣûʲô˵ġ




234 
 

ڶϣһǱ̰غսѵġǸʱ˯ЩԺģԴûѹ̰غ˵ERICˡ
ô£ERICͨ绰˵ϲһġ
ϾȥưмƶĶERICĿڴ﷢һЩΥҩƷ
Ѿھ֣΢Ҳַ죬ֽбõĻֱӰ쵽ҪӳĵӰ
һһЩЦôܣERICЩʶô꣬ʲôĺһﻹе
ܣմȾ̶ֶ鲻ãôֶܻ
οERIC֪йķɷģʱȻERICƽûΣǶڹⷽ飬Ǻְҵ¡µӰӳڹϳʲô⡣
ˣҪŲСûã˿ӰǶŵĻҲûа취
һ˿ϴ·Ҫȥ˭ڸĹ
ûУҶ֪ǸʲôʱҿڴģһֱڱĵϣкȾơ
ERICһʱ򣬾ЩίйôöûгҰôһξ£ôôù
ұ֪ģҴֶ
ƷˣERIC֪ģӢѪйǺ˽ġ
һͷͷģҪþҲų
춼ʲô˽ĽӴ͵͵ŵϣҪ޻ҲһϾͻȻ飬һЩǲʵġ
ûк˭ӴҾ˽ɭҾǱĵϣҶڳĵģȾƵʱڽǸλģûܿҡ
ưﶼѣӣȷʵǻڽһλãERICʵҲ־ˣԺһĻ
ã֪ˣȥ칵ͨһͷڻ취ŪȥС
ոǹʱкܶߣ϶мҴ
ʱԹɲõӰ죬ӰҲá
һһ۳̰غգһȥ˾졣
ʲôˣ˶ûйߣǺһͳ̰غˡ
ĺѣ⼸סҼҡһشǸ쿴һۣͷ
е鷳ҩȷʵĿڴ﷢ֵġľ˵ûкͱ˽ӴҲ˼أȷʵûк˽Ӵڱ˰ҩڴ˵
˵ţصǿȷʵ᲻ǱݺΪҲûй
ľô˵𣿡һеüͷΪʲôô˵Ρ
ûֻľйȽϽĽӴ˵ȷʵЩ̫ǰֻʱѺˡ
ǰ참ǽģʱ֤ERICûʹҩҲųȥҲ塣
̰غտһۺһǲǷʲôԾĵطˣ
нѪҺҺ𣿡ЩǿԼģһżʵ
ѾȥˣûгƵһСʱͻ͹ˡ
һСʱһֱ̧һʱ䣬Ǿ10:00ҡãû⣬š
ҺѪҺ鶼ûĻ
̧ͷϺһĻȻǺ£ҪĻҪ֤ҩﲻġ
ֻERICȫװ׵ģҲ塣
ѣһЩйҪ֤ҩﲻģô죿
̰غ§סļο壬ǣܻа취ġ
һʣǴҵЩҩģ˭
һɲģ뾡˽ӻȥERICĻԾͲʧ
ԱҪ漰ⷽ档մȾֶпܻᱻɱġ
Ǵ׿ڴҵģڴóֱڷŽ֤ֻһ
Ҳܺ˵ҶΪܹԩκһˡʲôϸڲΥصǰ¿ṩǾṩɡ
ֻоǸӣ˵ĻҪô֤ERICûǸӣ
һü뵽ʲôһʱ֮벻
ָ֤ơ̰غͻȻڣһ۾ûָ֤ƣǸûERICָƵĻǲǿԲ֤ģ
һ£˵ҲеERICģ϶ġ
ȻǴһָơ




235 
 

õǵͬ󣬺һһʱָ֤ʲôĻERICҲϴˡ
̰غ§ļοİɣȻ˵ûҲĻһ
ǸˣɭģӦòʲôˡһ㾭˶뷽跨Ȱ˸ͳ˵ˣҪERIC
̯ôˣEricҲǵù͸ˡ
ȻһҲ˽ɭĲԾҪǴֵһ̿ʼûмɭӰ̫ϳˣ˳£ȴԱߣʲôҲûУһ
ܲܰҲһ½ɭ˿϶ģ㲻EricҲһʲôˣ˵һ֪һЩʲô顣
ãȥ顣̰غӦܻǣһЩʲôɡ
ûȺһͳ̰غյĻصңǾͱ߶·ϡ
Щǲ֪Ϣ˵ericסڳ̰غǼңֺͺһĹϵһѷʺһ
ЩΪܹڵEricϢѾܲ˵ĵزȻǰѳ̰غΧס̰غյĺǾͻԶ˱ᡣ
ڡһͳ̰غձΧм䣬ﶼȥãֻܹԹԵĻشǵ⡣
ʺһС㣬˵͹ӰericĹϵ𣿡
ʺһСʱericסǵĹϵʲô
д˵Eric, ڹʱ򾭳չһСĶལ˵һСʱericڲߵģЩŶ𣿡
Щ֪Ĳ٣ǶôԶ飬Ǹʱericرĳ
˵ǸʱericֻӢڹⷽ棬رĸߡ
ңʱ֪µ˲࣬һЩʿҽǿ϶ǲй¶ǵ˽ġ
ֻǵʱEricߵй¶ȥģһ˵ߵˣһ뵽ľ˽ɭ
һjasonѲ˹ϵû˭ˣEricڵ»ģֻнɭһֱ
˵ǰҲֻjason֪eric׵ʲôˣ˼ôݺ
شλ⣬ش֮Ҿ뿪ǣɷͬ⣿ǲͬĻһֶ˵ġ
һƢҲرãҲ˵ƢãҪΧסãĺᡣ
һôһ˵׷׵ͷֻҪһܿڣǶܿˡ
һEricõѣǰǾʶˡڶʱȷʵסǼңǺѵĹϵEricֻΥµˣһᣬλҪҴҥԣһȵ𣿡
һµģҴҥʱericûй֮Ҳѳ塣
Щ˵֮󣬳̰غպźһ뿪þöûбһطˣЩΪһϢܲ˵ġ
裬ڻˣEricôȥ֣
ϢСһҲżϾericڼҴľEricֻ˵ȥ۾ۺȺȾƣôȥ˾أ
һСһԴ΢Цοû£ericͻˡ
˵źһסཱུҵĻš
ཱུôӦһ£ȥʱ򣬻ѧУeric飬Ҫôش֪Ҫô˵ericĺûˡ
Щ˿϶װݣཱུѧУǿܻ鵽˵ʱȥིɷûѯʣҪ˵Ĳ̫ʵĻܻericͦ˺
ཱུͷ֪Ericһǣ˵Ҫ
Ҽұԣһmua
̰غ˳Ҳ촽յһǰҲҪס
ףĻǻԴ׵ġ
ЩĿų̰غգ֮׹ʲô¶裡
ཿءһȻûûûƤ̰غղҪҪء
һôһ˵̰غཱུ֣۾ס

Σôִţһֻõ˵촽һ¡
Ҫؼôһ仰ȥ̰غŤԼСƨɣȻҡڵ¥
̰غղΪ⡣ûŮѲסˡ
һǽòã뵽̰غֱסһĺ飬иңļҡֱԶԶ
һһ£𣿿һ׼ûУôȥûôʱ;
Ǻ˵һºòãһ޸ġ
˵źһ֣һ֪ģֻ㡣




236 ǵı
 

̰غЩйôǲԸӦء飬һ˳ĺһҡ
ֻһһֱɿڣҲһ취ûУ̫غһ뷨̫ࡣ
Ҳ˵ͺһû̸˶ûʲô飬ԣȽϺá
ҲǣҲжˣҲûʲô
ڡˣӦȻ󰮵ģҲаȫС
˵Ҳͦ˼ģһˣбȺһҪûаȫС
ǻҪã̰غССʵȲˡ
һһ£̫õġҲ᲻̫ã̰غĻشЦ
ãٵȵȣһ԰Ȣֵġ
ѩϵɫ̫ãǰɫҲƺڳܣ֮Ҳû̫
ںѩǰһòɫˣȥüۼͺѩϵЩƣòҲЩ
˵ٸӾһЩȥҲȺѩᡣ
˵ˣ㲻ҪǰҵĻԷˣ
ͻȻ䣬ѩϽԼϵһļĶˤˣ˵촽һߡȻϲģҲѩϡ
ⶼǹ˾ǱߵȲģûĹϵ˵Щҷʲôô˵ţԼϵЩļڵϣЩͷƲƲ졣
ѩ϶Ȼվǰ˱Ͼ˫̥ܵܣ׵ܻܵ׵˫̥ܵܣʲô취
ѩޣҺ˵ˣںһͳ̰غղǣǡ
ѩ߹ȥᴥ˵˾ĵܵܺѩޣ˫̥ѪŨˮ˫̥
ѩ޽һߣĲң㣬ôңһĶҺŸɣ
ʲô鵽ǵһÿһϸڶǵġҲˣҲẦ£ԣû¸ҪȥǺһͳ̰غ
ĺһϵûУѩϲ̫ţôò̫
ġѩģģĶ˵жǿֲǵһ֪
Щǹ˾Ǳְ߳ŵģǹ˾ȲҵȲѾˣûҪðա
ҺѩѾ߹ôܻ᲻ѩϵĻġ
ѩϽŽɵķſҲǣԼܵܣ˼
ǹ˾ΪʲôҪô³̰غղ鵽ǵͷϣڹڣ̰غ
ѩһԼ·ѩϣ㣬Ҳǲ֪ǹ˾ںͺĹ˾ʲô鶼ż
ѩҲûа취ⶼǹ˾ľûвȥԩţ˾Լľں˾Լľں
ǹ˾ʲôѩüô龹ȻˣǾͲ±
Ҳˣƫƫܻܵ˾ҪܵҲܵǣ˾һѩϵĺ
˭֪ʲôϺĹ˾ԴһericҲǵѪùҲû뵽ǾȻľ˺
ѩƲƲ죬ߵ輸Ǳߣֽ
ѩε߹ȥɫĺ˵ܵܣȻ㻻һ˾ɡ֮ǰ£Ҫǻ˾һܵʲôǣֱһǷǰ£Ҳѱס㡣
ѩϻǵĲѣֻʣºѩһˣٳ¡
ѩȴ˿Ĳѩϵ֣Щ
㣬ͷİɣܵʲôǣⲻǻռ𣿡
ռڶôã£ҽЩ׬Ǯ50%Ҳռ˰ɡռҲôǮһԹۡ
Ȼ˵ռ׬Ǯܶ࣬ƽ̯ÿҲû٣һϷ
ڻ죬һϷкüǧƬ꣬ÿҪϷϴԻиֻ׬Ĳ١
ռҲǿ㣬˼ǿǮԼһ£ռһʲôʣտӰڸ˿Ż˶ѡĸҪһϷģٿ̰غգ׬Ǯ˼ҸͲǴ塣
ռңѩЦЦĺ϶ûǷļ壬ָǰﵽǼʲô
ѩһ£˵ҲǣռҿûеôáһֱΪΪ׬Ǯܶ࣬ҲΪļ嶼ռҲء
ڡѩ޿ԼĽ㣬Ҫô죿




237 
 

ѩһ£ҪôǳƲϵȽϺãǻɵѩ޵ͷϡ
ͻȻѩϵƳ˲輸µˮ˵ˮóԼܸܵ첲ݺݸһ
㣬㡭ѩԼĸ첲ﻹһֱѪ
ѩĸ첲ֹѪŵ㣬㲻Լһôţ
˵꣬ѩͻȻ˳ȥѩʱҲӦ֪ѩʲôˣ뵽ŵԼĸ첲
ȵѩϴ˽ʱһʧǵӣȥ֢Ļߡ
ʲôǺú˵㵽ʲôѵ飡ľ˺Ķ
ѩϿȥҲŻˣץԼֲͣڶѩʲôˣǼܶˣôŵĻҲм١
ҲһҲܳȥˣһֳ˵Ͱ˼ܵҽԺȥ
ûãհ֢ԲеϢʹ˳ںһǻû˼հ¡
ERICڻھѾΪæǰæ󣬸û˼ֳ顣
ûУָûָǲǿʱͳھҲãЩǶߵţһȥҲѡ
ûϵ̰غͷҴˣûָƣһǾȥǱѾˡ
Ҳýɭ⣬Ծȥһ½ɭĶ̬û뵽ɭһͻƿڣûþͰˡ
鵽ˣʲôࣿһŵץסֱۣEricһֶİɡ
ȥ֪𣿡ڶҪԼȥ˽ӳģȥǲ֪ȽϺá
飬һͳ̰غպò׵˽ࡣھ棬Щ߻Ǽֲиض
˵ûϢERIC飬ңҲû˰ͳҲǰ˰ɡ
Ericµʱ䣬Jasonûгֹ͹˾Ǳ˵ѾȫίjasonЩ飬زһֱڰeric壬ֳʲôãǾ˰æ߸ǲŵġ
ĿԳȥĿϴˣEricҲԼͿԳˣߴˡ
ûͷܿ϶Ļش
̫ˣҽнɭҡEricĵĲ֪룬ò뿪һҪúףһ¡
JasonŲܺһߡش𣺡Ҫڿ
EricôͻȻɭڿأһֱսʱ򣬽ɭ˵취ӳȥˡ
û취˽ΥҩƷ޻㣬һȣúúò顣
ˮԱӣʵҲ벻Ȼǽɭ⡣ٱĻǷʼһʱҲ鲻
ERIC޵˵ɴ۾ôܣɭľôẦ
ΪʲôҪô˵˴Ҫһú÷չ
ľ˺ͱֹ˾ͨһҪϵԴȸˣ֮һܸӵ飬ʱҪϵǱһûʲôˡ⼸ˣȥúϢɡ
ERICȥʱ濴ů⣬ȴޱȵĺ䡣ɭһ˰ɣǾ˺ܶꡣǰһԿҪݺˣҲһ͹ٵԻ͡
ڽɭΪʲôҪɭΪʲôҪʱף
̫˼ˣɭܱңһʲôᣬҪȥ
Eric˵תͷҪٴλص֣ȴһ
ոջûпЩƵҪǻûпĻﻹбݣٿһΡ
һܹ飬ڽɭѾˣôţǰôãҲˡ
֪ERICӳĵӰ˵жҪĹ˾˵ҲҪֽڹϣȻĨeric
ĲţɭһôˣôᱳأǲǱƵģ
ǶѾô꣬߹ô꣬ôŽɭ
֪㲻ţôһˣȻȥúϢ𣿡
һĵĺҪҪȺúѧϰһȻʲôˡ
ericȻѾǱҲæˣҲһġ
Ȳ˵ʲôЩ˿϶ŹɭʱericҲ̫ܡ
Լսˣȴվڶ棬˭ܰ




238 ܱ
 

ŻصңһʹýϿհԲеϢԲУհôܣհֻ˺Լˡ
ڿʲô̰غڻ
һûżشеֻĸԼ
һγ̰غջհţȻ˵հǰհ񣬵˻Ǹˡ
ԲУΪʲôԲУ̰غҲƣ֮ǰû˵հ֢ģʱͻȻ˵֢ԲУôò̫
һǶɡö˶˵֢Ƕ
̰غҡҡͷӦòܺericйء
֪հĹ˾ǺjasonһĹ˾𣿡һ˾һ˾ͰһӰǸŪҲǹġ
һ߻йհԲп϶򵥡
ܱɣʱ˲һ£̫ġ
հʾհҲ֪ɭǼҹ˾飬ڶ·˰ɣ
һͷֻˣEric̫ˡ
Ѿܾûмˣ߼ͦȡû뵽ôԵ֣Ҳ
ˣʮָմˮ𣿽ôˣ广õĶῪʵ
ЦЦҲͷһԼĶ
Ҳˣһ֪ôһΪ϶ԷҪǲĻһ
ȷʵܾû棬ڵҲûзǵüıҪ˵ʵǶθһ㶼ﻹҪл幷Ź
һʲôʱһϵôˣҵ˵һʱֱǰ˵һʱһ
һ
Һһˡ󷽷Ļشʵ΢˵ĲһȽʺ
ҲǺһһʱ򣬵еĸܵʲôȫСԴСĿҲԼѹί
һȷʵǸİ£һôЩ죬һô΢ôһ㶼ģôһĲԾһܵһʱ䷢ֲҸο
һˣΪʲô΢巶ûк˵£Ȼһһˣ
ʵһĺܺáͺһʼһ
ϲ𣿡һѾߺܾô˵ûϲĻôܻͻȻϲ
ĵͷϴЦ⣺ϲǰȷʵǱźԵ̬Ⱥദ˰ɣԽദԽϲԽ벻
ڣѾǺһˡ
幺֪ΪʲôÿɬϣǺ͵ôЩ죬ﻹǾǻһ𣬻Ըϡ
Ϊл°ѵ׷ģû뵽ʱûô棬ȻѾǱ˵ˡ
Ҹ𣿡
Ц˳ʲôЦȻҸˣʱŲûͷҲ֪϶һˡ
Ҹ˵£Ӧ֪ڹ˶԰ɡߵߵʱһȰеĶȻٰ
һİͱкӵİͬһİڵε޴ڵϸ
һԼôܲҸ
Ȼ͵˵һһߵߺȻĽϵĶùסļ
˵һȥôصĶôȽ˹ˣһɹǳûк΢Ҫľƣһרŵĵ
Ҳҹ䣬˳㣬΢ҪĶ𣿡
̧ͷЦůۡЦݣȷˣĺҸ
Ҳڣھ۲ͣҪʱҲһɡ
һûΪͺ幵ĹϵԺ幸䵭󷽷ĿһȥμӾۻᡣ
ҡҡͷôԸȥأȥŵҸ˽ģֻҸģǱ˸
ǡҲԼѵƳȥġ
΢巽Ҳڵģ߶˵һȾơһЦȷϣ΢ȷʵոջ˵ͺһȾơ
˵ʲôأһһ΢ҪȾƣ㲻ȰҲˣȣ
Ҫ֪΢ҪƵĻǿеˡ
ԲҵĴ
广ǵĻܲζԭ͵ġ
һ飬ÿİɡ
˵꣬ת뿪һһۣЦЦ
ѵողԴס󿪿ڣһһʱ䲻֪һܳԴס




239 ƹˤ
 

һЦ׽ס֣ףʵøлôῴõأ˵ҿܻҪٰꡣ
ķӦ̫ˣôϲȴһֱ֪
Ҳ͵ģֻҪһֱĬĬߣһ֪ġ
˭֪ûȵ֪⣬͸źˡһҲǸʱ֪ڣûԼ⡣
֮ǰǺ£µϲͬкӡҲΪͺһ֪ԭǲġ
ơôһ˵Цǣֻȥ
صҵʱ򣬺һڰοERICERIC״̬ȷʵСǼ鶼ȥüˣERIC˾ķҲʼִ
ERICһֱ߲Ĺ˾Ѿμ·ݣȡͨ棬úϢ
һҲ޴֣飬Ҫ˵ERICǺһҲѹͽɭʶڹļ꣬Ҳ
֮ǰһֱദòģҽɭҲϲཡǲ֪ôͻȻôҪ
Խɭڵĵλھ˵Ȧ϶˵ϻҲ϶ȱǮġ
£һҲ벻ΪʲôjasonҪeric
ġERIC˵ȥˣԼ˫ּ䡣֪ô˵Ǻܲģ⼸һֱġ
ȥˡERIÇͷǶԷʲôԸ˵
һ̾˿ʲôҲ˵ֱֻסERICܾίĺһҲֱס
ֺŵ½ǵţԭ֮ǰֹصġɵһۣŵŮȻǺһȻERIC
ôܣôһⲻ
֮ǰ˵ǺҪõڡ
ĭһˡߣֺ˵һĭĲ߽
ܲãôˣ
ָָֺϵϢɫ̫ã֪ô𣿡
ĭһǺһڰERICƬֲֺôż
ĭ΢΢ɬȴ̬ܿ϶ǴҥɣERIC顣ΪѰοһҲӦõİɡǲ֪ôĵˡҪ־͹ּǡ
ĭţպһԸ϶ʲôˮŮˡЩýû¸ɣ͸Ψ²ء
ڣһͼѣǻһԺ죿
ĭľûʲôģЩҥˣŲŻġ
ȥѹֺչüͷһţҪʲôֻܺERICʲô¡
áĭͷһܲһˡ
֮ǰֺҥͺһеʲôһĹϵǷ˳ҥˣҲãĭҲĺܶࡣ
Ŵܲð칫ҳĽӭˣڷ𣬳ܲð칫ߵѩ
С㡣ѩ̫ɻûְ֮ǰѾ˵ˣ̫ѩκεְλ
ΪֺõĹϵԴһǽһС㡣Ҳǣ̫ŶҵģƺһСҲ֡
ҸֽȥʲôѩӸµؿĭ֪Ϊʲôǲǲϲĭ
û취ֺͦĭģôϲҲֻš
ĭ΢΢һЦ˺ⲻ̫С㡣
ֺȥʲôѩûȨ֪˵Ӧʵġ
ѩһӵĿǾǵ˼ΪҲ֪ϲҸɣҲԼʲôݣ˵Ҹ粻ϲ㣬Ҹϲ㣬ҲּҵĴţ
˵꣬ѩ߸°ֺ߽ͣܲð칫ҡ
ĭҲգѾϰˣû̫֮ǰ˺˵̫ŵĴС㲻ź
ʱΪѩھԺӴࡣѩ֮Ҳ֪ΪʲôǸֲ̫ϲ
ϲͲϲɣĭҲϲƨˣȻѩϲǡҲôϲѩҶ˵ǿ
ôֱСˣͬ¿ĭļ򣬴Ҷѣû취顣
ĭʼ磺ﲻʹҪ˵źãԺȢν
ֻҪֺĹУʲôܣϲֺ˭ʱˣ
ңֺǸˣȫ˾˲֪ж٣Ҳһ
ݣ飬С֮ǰϲ˵ԳһһģôͻȻȥͺζһˣеĭ֪Ĳ࣬Ǿ֡
˼ңﲻ˭֪ʲôɱȥˣ˷û顣
ݵ㵽ΪֹĭķСҲΪİĭ̫ŵġ




240 
 

ĭͷ֪ˣ˾ĲѩͳɡݵĭҲȥֺõ
ýѾ˺ܶνˣϵҲˮûãѾͿʼǲ֪ʲôʱŻ᳹ʧ
ҲˣôǶƫƫҪץţ治֪Щ˵ǳһȥģERIC
СĭһֱԽӵýˣкܶýԴǸˣرְҵ¡
ĭǺϲģÿһ£죬Ҳ⡣
ţôô˵ĭȻǺܶЩСǸźеˣ֪ܶࡣ
šСָָԼĻϵһļУЩǰҰERICͺһųȵĺϼҼȻѾӦˣͲ׬Ǯ
˵ţСƵ棬ϵļɾˡĭЦЦļ
ҿұǿһȻûˡˣܶСƵŶӣϵԴʵ̫̫ࡣ
û£Ҳ뵽ܻң͵һ¡ˣҺôõķϣ͵͵һ顣
˵ţСĶ˵˼仰ĭüͷһ壬š
ģ
ģҲƭ㣬Ӧ֪ҵΪˡСǰĭˣŸġ
СҲ֪ôˣĭȻ˺һʱ򣬺һôţ±˶
Ҹ飬͵𣿡ĭֵʱѩ֪Ķڡ
ĭתͷĲϲѩɾǲǶ
ҪҾҸǵ㣡Ҳϲ㣡ѩϣϲһˣһᵽ׵ġ
ĭЦЦҪݹԣǵˡ
ϰʱܳˣҸҲˣڻҹ䣬Ͻȥ
ѩݺݵĵһۣĭЦЦ˵Ҳ֪϶ѩֺﲻ˰ɣ
Բھͻȥˣһٺͺһ˵ҲС
ѩһǲ֪ĭߵģҪѩµĻ
ǺһѩɫӲãԺһʹ޿ɲֹһ㡣
ûмǴĻ̫ţǷ£ԱԵ޹ʱǵġ
ոѩĭѵ⣬ͦģ˵ˡ
ֲ̫ŵˣʲôϵѩüĿ
Ҳ̫ŵˣΪ̫źãô࣬ҪǱĵ˷ŵϣ˼һô˵̫أĭ飬ּҵū͡
һ΢Ц˵ѩ˲ֺͬݺݵһһۣʲôû˵Ҵҵˡ
ղллˣûбҪƽϣǹ˾˶ƽϵġ
˵˭һ񲡻߹ⲻȥģϾ񲡻ɱ˺ܿܲ
һЦЦҲǿȥſڵģȻƽúѩ˵
ͣź۹⡣һһ˫أˣĭϲֺġ
ĭЦЦΧһۣͻȻսһ
С㣬ѧУͦõİɣʵི죬ͺһҲ죬ͻȻʵལһֵͦġ
ѧУȻͦõġһͷжСůڣʲôʱ򲻺ã
˵һͬͬѧ裬ǺѩϰʱأŮǿδչ˵Ϻӣж໵ԼҲ֪һСúܺã˵𣿡
ĭָӣһˡ
һĭĭҲٴοڡ
ѽŮ˵ʲôʲôк˵ĵ
˵ϣĭһӦóʲôˡ
ǾҪýô˵ˡ
һˣ֪ô
Сþʱ䲻ˣҸûع˾ˡĭ˵꣬һůůЦţһͷתȥѧУ
ཽĿγʵͦ򵥵ģžǴҷ飬ԼװҪǵȤãһʲôĿγ̡
һȥʱ򣬾༶ﴫֺϡǵĿˣһһżĭ˵ûд
ûʦңұͬһ飬ôܻ
ེίֲŮһޣĺίŶ
ûΪʲô˵أԼüԼ𣿡
ʦҲ벻ཾȻˣƽôԵһӣôˣ
ӦòģʦིˡСůҲıţԲˡ




241 ָ˵
 

ʦңͬһ飬Сůһ飬ˣʦҵֺ۰
޵͸һԿֱ˱ԼԼԿһЩѪ
˫ȭͷϺǲһ˵̳ȥ
ʦʲô𣿡
Ǻһʦ̿첽߹һƬࡣ
裬ã㿴ҶӣѺСѵʲôˣСС;Ҳ֪ôģ
ʦ˵ţúһţһһۣȷʵˡ
˵ҼҺʲô֤˵ģһɫѿû뵽ҾȻֹ˺ǵϡ
迴һ˵ӣ޵øģѲɻԼֲ֣죬ôģ
죿һЦȻ죬Ҳô޴
߹źһĴȣСС˵ûҸոڻͼҸոڻͼء
ûüôȥһͷЦЦС
㲻ˣǼĵԲ¡
ʦһôһ˵ϲˣΪƫĺӣô½ۡ
С㣬ģҪӵĻֻܽ˫ҳһˡ
һЦһ˵أ鷳뺫СѵļҳһˡҺҵĺӣҪΪ֤סҲҪеĺǶκһ˶ˡѧУʵǽˣϷͥɡ
ԭΪСů飬һһֱԺҲǺϲпǹҪҪתࡣ̫עĿûô
ȻںҲʶô͸ɴú˵һ˵һ磬˭ҵĺ⡣
ʦͷ绰ѩϣûãѩϾ͹ˣ֪Ϊʲô߻ݡ
ݣһɫѿ˴һȻ׼ûʲô¡
裬ôˣݻû߽أһ˹ޱ׼ȷץ֣ۡ
ôˣúõһôôѪ˭ɵģ
ݸĿţ֪˻ΪǺ衣ǺѩϻеûӦ֪ʲô¡
ˣһǷӦˡԭ˲ǺѩϣӦݰɡ
ôԶȻܿϵˣʲôʱȻ۾ôˡ
ô£ѩһŮǿˣھԼŮˣҲĿʦҪһ
С˵üˣʦҲܲ˼ĿϾȻ飬ֶ˵ġ
üˣüѩϵɫЩˣĸԱɫɡ
ûи֮ǰҪ˵ҵĺӾԲȥ
Сһͽི÷ĶˣུСҲ÷Ķˣ˵ˡ
ǰƽģôˣཾͲˣոڻͼ
СůҲ¸ҵĿڴ˵ͬһģʦ˵ͬһ鲻̫ãǰǲ𿪡
ǰǲˣСҲǴüȥģȻעڱ˴ϡ
СůҲʱʱͿһལûпˡΪ˰ȫϵļǼģƽġ
ƽģһЦǸʦȻƽģΪʲôʦҼҺأȻʦһԣ
һϵļصĵʦԭΪʦûģСůôһ˵ʦġ
ʦ࣬ǰô˼ƽأʶģЩҵؿݡ
ѩüݺʦĻҲʼĩ
裬ңĸңǲģģҵҲҪֻһ˵ѱҷֵĻҾ͵ûйŮ
ѩһֵܷƵˣհ̼ҶôܻԼŮǹײ
źһûг׷쭣ڱҪѺҴժݣԼҪǾȥɡ
裬ҡЩµĿԼ裬ֿ˿ݣᳯҡҡͷ
裬ҵֺۡһʱ֮Ҳò⣬ֻҡ
㿴ôۣȴȥҽңú̸̸
۾һ裬ѩ֪ǵ⣬Ϊ˸̨Ȼ




242 С
 

һۼֿ죬һסݣԩӣôܵ
һ£ҾúӻȻ˵塣
ְཿϣҲҪ𲻴Ӧ
ݱһץż߳ŭݺݵһۡ
ôۣҴȥҽôˣѵҲ̫˰ɣǲǲĺͲۣ
Щѻôһô죿ѹƻôʵʩ
һû˵Ǽֲ뿪˵֣ѾˣһǻۣȥҽҲûʲôá
裬ʵ裬ǲü˵ˣѩϿȥٴѯʡ
ʣסôѹ۵һ˳
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪ôľ˵ˣۡ˺öѪҺ¡
ȥСӻǲԸ˵ʵ顣˵Ҳ֪ܴǺԼ˵Լ̫ˣԾ˵
С㣬㿴⡭
Сһ붼룬ĿʦһҪһף˵ɣǲҼҵģǾǣǾͲǣҴ
ģɵĴ𰸣һر⡣ѩҧҧǱһһˡ
裬ڵ˵棬ѩôɷһʣܵסѹ
ǡ˳ҲСĸģҡ±˵ұҲô˵ģҴˡ
һãٺûгҪǺĻô˵棬֪ôźá
ˣȻҼҺӵĴôʦҾӦøһ˵
һЦ֪ڿ϶ûץݣʦһ
ָԺôལĺӣܵһ˺
ʦ࣬Ǯ£˭֪ôܲסˣô죿
УɣΪ㲻䵱ʦԩһӣ֪ԺӴӰ
Ȼི˵ˡǺһȻҪ˵һЩȻЩ˲ԡ
ںһļ£Уʦǳ̰غյĶӣȻǸʦ
Ǹʦˡ
ĭֻûǸѣһǳɹˡȻ͵ˣ·𣬾Բ˻ԼĻᡣ
֮ǰСƺ˵ǣܿһͻйڳ̰غնӵĺϳȻҥġ
ĭ֪Сƺ˵ʵҲͳ̰غպһʾãóǷ顣
ȻѺܿġûãСƵĵ绰ͽˡ
ĭЦЦСƵ˼ôԣҲ˵ˣСƺְҵ£ͻϢ͸¶ͻҲ͸¶
ǣ͸¶ĻһҪǸ˵Ŀڣ͵˵ʲô
ôԣĶ֪ܲ
СĻҲЦ飬ȥˡ
Сһʶʱˣ֪˭Ƚֵ˭
ȻһǮµˣ۾ѩġ
û취ˡҲӣһһϸ˵
ʱ̼֪ǵĻʲôҲÿڡ
ĭ֪뷨ҲҶΪ˸õδҲΪԼһ·
̰غǺ֪ģҲǺһģ֪
̰غսʱ򣬺һڲͷ̰غ߹ȥùͷëϸİͷ
˵ûڼңȥˣһԴûй֮󣬳ȥۻᣬûôţɽ΢ǶҪϰ࣬ܳȥۻᡣ
㲻֪𣿡һžʳ仰϶֪ȥ
ΪʲôңȥȽϿ졣ǵĺӣҲȨ֪£һûҪ
ÿ춼ôæͲҪˡأڵȵԺйˣܼҲ˲ʱҪ鷳ˡ
̰غЦյĴߣһڡ
鷳
һ֣ס֣ģҪСݡ
ݣ̰غղ̫Ȼȷʵ˼ûѩĻ¡
ûཽ췢ЩȫͣѩϺ֪¡
ó캫ѩϼҪͳ̼Ʋϵͳ̼Ҹϡ
ݲͬһھҧסལ˿Ͳ˼ġ
ҽ֪֮ǻིΪĭҵġ
ֺôôĶ̰غЩˣϲֺˡ




243 ȼ
 

ԴסһһۣЩôͳԴף
̰غƲƲ죬ΪųԴ׵ġֵֺͦģȻûйǡ
ǳԴ׵ġͷͳԴףҲΪѡ
̰غղܲ˵ıԴҲܿưûйϵһϵûС
ҾԼһ¡̰غƺߣĻᰡ
һû˵ʲô̰غҲ̫ϲԴˡǲ֪ЩʲôһȰƽȰˣ̫ϲ˹Ĵ
ڶ𴲣ΪĳЩ˳Դףһϡһȥ˾˳ȥСȥѧУ
ںѾѾת𣿡̰غտཱུıӰһ
һһҲתѧУͺˣһСӣôСͻһԩˡµôݵ֣ôˣ
ҿȥüʱҲֹüʱȻཻǱԩ
̰غղ˵ͷˡ
ڳһûʲôģҲǰ̰غһ¶
Ĺ׼ô̰غʱʱ͵һۣǺһ棬Ͳ֪͵
ͻȻеĺһȻ̧ͷû˵ʲô
Ĺ׼ôˣ̰غٴοڡ
һеļĴϣǮ£
עṫ˾ҪǮģҲСҵûǮ
֮ǰǮģΪû˹ཱུգһЩճĿ֮ġģҲûǮˡ
̰غյԼĴɫջһ£ٿǽ費衣
һС֣ǮҪһ˵ȻǹԹԵ
ԡ˵̰꣬غմԼĳһźڿ
һͷһУ̫ˣüַŻȥ
̫ˣҿСңֲʲôҵôǮңҲҪ
һźڿעһҴҵˣСң
̰غ°ѿţǮĻ꣬ȱ
һͣǲԸ⣺Ǯ飬ҾĹⲻȥ
㵱ʱסֺķӡ
лл㣬Ұôôաһһ̽պãһ̰غĵͷ˵ȥ
ֺһֻʱͷһʾʶĿ̰غա
̰غձ̫ģȴҲƵ˵Ӱɣ᣿
áһͷӵ绰
һڷ𣿡ֺǱߵż
һҲżֺºͣټô꣬ڵ绰ġ
ôˣʲô飿
֮ǰ̫ƵĸӣҪһ£һ£˵
һȷʵһܹģ֮ǰƶȰãŸǱ
û𣿡һҲûлɣ֪ƿȷʵǺ׿ö
ֻʦ֪Ʒ
ţĺƫһڵ·Ԥ۵ģ³ʵĻǿͻͻ˻ʱǵܵӰ졣
ҿ԰æ£Ҫ죬ǺͿͻ˵һ£
һ˵˳µʱ䣬ǰʱµģճһʱ䣬ͻȻ⡣
һ֮ԻӦҲΪⱾĹģΪ̰غյĳԴףβӦøġ
ֺĻشһû˵ѣߵˣû취һƵ·
һƵһ·ǼȵҲذƼôǱʦײ͸Ŀ
˵绰̰غֱסҪȥ
ȻءһΣĴҪҴְĻˣ˵̫ŵļӹڿʼˡ
뿪ȷʵĿĽչһӰ죬һǲʦĿչʱ뿪ġ
ֹ֮ҵ飬ҲΪһδְѾӰ졣
ϵһʵķװ˾ɶԷ˵ʲô벻ѹеһʱ򣬳̰غҲܻعְ
Ĺ˾Ȼʵȷʵڡڵ̫ţжʦͻȻ·ĿչǻкܴӰ졣
ҵĴȥǣҪҪʡ
̰غհߣȷʵ̫ӦְġְǱֺлȥ
Ĺһ𣿡




244 
 

˵֮ĵڶ죬һʼǱܣȻ̰غջǽĻ˵ǲֺκεĻᡣ
һ̫ţĻȥģû֪͵͵ȥģǹĻȥֺܿġ
֪ҸϲĨ走⡣
һŵ̫ţ̰غҲ뿪ֺǱϷһóĨ走⡣
һһۣԥһ£ӹ΢΢ЦЦʵѾôϲĨ走ˣϲ
ôϲĨ裬ϲȲ裬Ĩ走ȴϲལϲĨ走⣬ʽĵ⡣
ֺɫ΢΢ΣһȥģΪ˸һ
ǵúһϲĨ走ġ֮ǰڹ˾ʱ򣬾ͳ³ȥ¥µƷ
ôֲϲˣ˵ϲ͵Ķѣ
Ҽǵϲġֺ˵ô˵ϲ
Ҳ˵ڲϲˡһЦЦȴҲССڵĳ
ֺЩ֣һеĵӽͰ
һЩ̫Ŀʲô˵
ô£ְĵˣ ųڣ
ȻϲͲǿˡ˵ϲĶǿ
һЩƣʲôҲ˵ģȻǺϲҲǳ˵ġ
Щֺûеתǰߡ
һͷҲȥĻǵøߣͻȻãͳ³һȽϺá
ڵֺ粻ģҲ֪ôˡ
֮ڿ𣿡ֺȥǺܺãһһ£͵صͷ
죬ӦûģƵĶ̫ӣ֪ܲһϳ
ˣǸϲҲҪϣ˯һЩ
̰غն˵ǲǺҪֺͻȻͣ˽Ų
һЩ£⻰ǲתе죿
ţҪ뵽ԺǿһϣҾ;úҸ
СϲôһˣڿԺһôܲģ
ֺЩɬĵͷڹȻֿտգʲôò
ûңʲôûˣúԶˣҲòܻܲͷң
̫ʹˣʹൽʱ˼ܾ
ǡһüῴǲ˵ҪôѣҪôʲôǡ
ȷܾ˵ģûеšǰöԲֺһٶ˵飬úһЩķ
ֺζʲôû˵ͼתˡ
һҲ治֪ںֺӴǶԻǴ
˹ң˿һǿ˾ǣǳ³޲˹ȥס
ɻˣ㣬ƵĶ㿴㿴ҵͷƵĶĥҪˡ
һһЦȷʵΪѳ³ˣͳ³ķһóͬƷ£ȷʵɷˡ
ԲԲҵĴҵĴͷǺïʢġ
һ˵꣬ͷͳ³Ҳþûʱ̫ࡣ
ERICæãźòæ꣬ERICҲŰȥûáǱֳ飬ںòֳ̫ˡ
ˣץʱɡֺͻȻ仰ˡ
³ЩƵĿ뿪ķ֣ôֺЩһ
ôˣ³ĺһǵˣ
һҡҡͷأԼﲻ̫İɡ
³ʼ磺ûû£ʱĭĭȥһ㣬ǻ𣿡
³ڰֺ֣Ҳǵһγˣõģֺܾá
ĭĭһ룬ܾĭ˰ɡһε鶼ûкúúлأһʱúúú˵˵
һ㣿һ㶲شԼĻ³ٴοڡ
һӦЦЦǣֻæѣҴԼĹҡ
ԣǲܻϰˣԺ̫Ҳ̫Աݹ
³Щʧ䣬Ϊһ»ϰء֮ǰϵôǰ
ԣ˼˵ںѩڶǣ̰غŸֱʣߣһΡ
ȥεͷ麫ѩ˺þˣò˵ѩͦѲģôãû鵽ȫϢ
̰غ˼ţѩڶϣհҲһʱ䡣
ȥûʲôһҲ̫⣬ЩȻ
ԣѩڵڸʲôʲô




245 ԭ
 

ȥ˵ڶΣҴ˺ѩϼŭҲ˽ڳҾ档
ݱЦ˲ҲѿѾĹˣѩϵ׻ô
˵ǹģҲû뵽Ǹӡ˭úһֻܵࣿǲɹѡ
Ҫ˵ˣֻǼҵһѣƾʲôҴСУ
ǲģͲﳤغѩϣÿ˶Ҫȡ
ģռҵĴС㣬ѩϲǸյĶѡôãʼղգ
˵һΣֻռĹ⻰Ҳ̫Ц˰ɣ
ôʹҵıãҲ̫ˣʲôȥչǸѵΪ˵Щ
һκĺҪת༶飬Ҳѹô˵ǿźӳģԺĸ鵽׻С
û뵽һȻͻȻܹȥһǰܹȥͺʲô˸ͨ籨һļƻȫˡ
ȥʱȻѾһռݣϺѩϲǺϣź˵˳׼òϡ
òϣһǮ
ȷʵúԸһĶӣºҲͬġ
ȻôüԼټ޻ء
㶯ͷʱӦɹ㲻Ը˺һҲǵ㡣
Ȼĺְ飬ֽڹϣѩôܻŹ
죬ȷʵǵĲܡ仰˵û뵽ѩôغ衣ǰҲûôĺ谡ôˣôźӡ
ĺѾǸˣ㵽ԭԭ£㲻ԭµĻҲˡ
ѩôһ˵ṴЦһ㾡вңΪڲ֪ռʲôûңռҵĳŵȥ𣿡
ռҵĲ״һˣڵռҸ;κεڣССڣǵĲ©ǰ
ɫһ࣬ ô˺ѩǻƳڲ棬ȷʵƭ˺ѩϡ
͸ϽȥʲôʱʲôʱķϣҲƽ̫á
˵꺫ѩתͷԺѰкݳȥ
Ҳ˵ʲô˵ϣҲûбİ취
Ҫȿ𣿡һеĿȷĭǰ̫ŵʱ䡣ǰÿʱͻͳ³һ¥ȥ11̲衣
ԭΪʱĭ˯˭̨֪ߡĿҲкüһ
С㣬ô˼أϵⱭȣɲˡ
һЦЦôæһҲӦõġллңѡ
Ҳû뵽Ȼôݵˣż갡7겻ͣȻ͸Լ޻ô顣
ﳤ϶ʲôǵСС;ôĻԺӲ˵ˡ
ܵĺѣҲںˣƽεҲӦõġ˵ˣϢҲǴӱģ֪ȻҲ֪
Сƴһ̣ĭԸϢ͸¶ģֻ˸˳ˮ顣
˹͸¶ģ⻹벻Ȼڰа
Сơĭ΢΢һЦһͨˣֻҪ֪С˭̰غһȥ顣
ãлл㡣пҲллǸˣԺʲôҪæģһỹ顣
ȥһ㣬ܾͲˡ
ĭͷźһͻȻ૵ؿڣĺϲ㣬Ҳ뿴̫ѹ
ͬĭϲҲܱ΢ֺĲһϣԼϲܹÿģȥռǸˡ
Ȼ˵ʱҲ룬ֺܹһʲôĹϵҲֻѡ
飬֪ģҲ̫࣬ѾȷܾˡϲҪֺǸľͷԴ֪Լϲʲôȴ֪ʲôϲ
ǺһֺʶôֺʶֺȷʵҲˡ
񶼲֪ԼߵϲֻںԼϲ˭ʱ֪ϲǶԻǴ
ĭ΢΢ĺû뵽һȻҲˣϲֺڹ˾֪ϲֺѩ⡣




246 
 

ҸͺãʵûкܴҪҪϣϲܹҸڲһҲνˡ
ĭͷЦЦ¶һõö۰
ʵֺһǱǲཻƽߣ˲ż˽ҲὥнԶ
ǺһûкһҲûĺ;ģ
ʺĬĬĿҸͿˡʱ򣬹ʱ̧̫ͷֺֻҪֺܹͺҸˡ
ȣĭȷʵҸܶ࣬ʱʱ̵ֺ̿ߣΪĵ֣սýǰҲʲôɻ䡣
ʱʲôܵľٶҲõķ롣ͨЩŬôҶֺ֪飬ĭ
Һ㲻һϲһˣҪôԶԶģҪôͺӽһĺŬĳ
һָ̧֣ﴩϡΪ̫ϲ°ٺϣţԶ߸߷ɡ
ع̰֮غմҲҪԶ룬ɷ޼£Իɴһıø㡣ȵһʱ򣬲κε
ĭЩԾΪ̰غպͺһȻȻһأû뵽һȻйͷ
Ϊվһġ
һҡҡͷֵͷ˵Ҳǣ˵Ҳǡʵһʼ֪˭˵ǵˡǺҲƽһһĳΪʦע⵽ҵİɣȻһġ
ڴѧôĿǳ̰غնûκӡڴѧʱѾ㹻ˣ˵ǵ켣ʹ˸ıء
Щ㲻ȥ׷һ׷ô֪Լ䲻ϲ
ܲ˸˵ֺ˸ִˣϲСء
ĭҲ㣬ÿһŮ˶ֺ飬ôãһôɫ
Ȼæĵһ죬Ǵ̫Աģֺ֤жôĭ
ǰһ̫ŵʱ򣬺ֺܶȥġǺܷıȥ˵˽ϣˮԼȥȼӿȡ
ڹϣһЩ˾Խӵʱһᵽġں񿧷ҲĭȥӵģһЩҲĭȥ
ЩпԿó֪ģֺѾĭһϯ֮ء
ԡĭһôһ˵ЩĶȷʵֺϲҲ֮е£һֺôһϲ׬ѽ
һЦЦļվԼĹȥ
Ѿڹҵ˺ܾã⻹һڳҪôõġǰôʮӾͿԼ̰غա
֪ôˣ̰غպ̫ԸÿһζǸˡ
ʲôʱҼ̣ˣ˵пգأ
ûôƢ۾ɵԲԲĶ׷Ҫһ𸴡
εҡҡͷС㣬ûпռ㣬ûпռ㣬ôҷû취ȻҲܲ÷һܴ绰ȥ
ԼмＸѵ𣿷Ҫ˰ѻ˵ôֱףֲ˼ġ
ôΣ̰غն˼԰ǲ£ô׷Ҫ𰸣ҲֻһΣǳ̰غղпҲ
ܲĲȥţֻλСԽԽ°ɣ
ܲð칫ŵĺŲ裬һڱĿĳ̰غա
ˡŲȥݣһ˵֮ԱԩһλݣҲȥһ£ȷʵ100ɲݡ
ڹֻοõķҪó̰غԳ棬һժ
̰غ۾һΣǶ£иܼҹ
ﲻ⣬̰غ֪˵ȷʵеھӦԳȥǸ˾ߡ
㿴㿴ʲôûռңʲôңⲻ𣿡̰غյӰˢһվָıӴ
ƲƲ죺С㣬ȰһЩ
Ȼһݶ֪Լô˵ģһϵĴŶǼǳ
㡭
ʲôˣ̰غտڣֹСѧ㶷졣
̣ɹˣ㶼֪ôҵģ




247 Դ
 

ȿȣôˣ̰غװģĿһһ޹ίҡͷ
Ҳ֪Ҿ͸ܸղûաҲΪ˭֪ҡ
ȣˣ˵ʱ򣬸޹֮䣬˭ԸһЩ
ܲãȻϲңԺ㲻ҪٽҽӴˣߣһϲأԩίˡ
˵첽Լİ칫ңȥˡ
̰غ̲ס鴤֪ʲô˼ͺãҪͣͣЩﲻס
رһ182ˣͻȻô£
ҡп˵ôͰ
ҸղžûգûʲôգԺûʲô鲻Ҫܡ
ͲܶĹռҵ״ռڵΣɲһģȥռҾҪƲܻҪϾ޶ծ
Ҿ㡣ɫΣûѩΪĻٵĶһЩ
˭֪̰غһͲζжڿ죬̰غվǲԸ࿴һۡ
һΪȥˣԭغոˡ
кܶǿѧͲģͱ˵ڣݲһѩѩˡ
ѩ̰غյɫӲôˣ˵ԺܲͲ
ôȿڣ°ͣӸµؿѩ
㲻Ҳ𣿹ʱǰغոˣҲǰ񡣡
ѩ˵ţŵĶݸ˳̰غա̰غû֣ŲҪѩκǸ޹ϸ
̰غĮѩЦЦ֣
ҹͶɢɢģҪһ²ܻģҲҸɡ
ѩ˵꣬˿ֿݣݣ㲻ҲҪȥ˵̫ãĸ춥סѹ˰ɣ
ռҵĴС㣬ʱôܲȥҪǲȥĻռĲҪ
ҧгݣֲǲ֪Ҫȥõŵų̰غյǰ˵
֪ˡɫĲãææĵͷ
ѩЦЦ̰غգգ۾غո粻ӦллΧ
Ҳ֪ռҵ£˵ѩһˣռҵĲ״ôأô֪
ĳ̰غնģĵĵ⣬ѩʲôʱôı˼ҵĲ״
ѩһ·ӦЩ㡣
żȻ˵ģҲ֪ҺռҵĹϵܺá
̰غյͷԸ˵ˣҲǿ
ˡѩҲææתܺ³̰غջʲô⡣
һӽ鷳̰غպܿģϵĶҲ֪ѩܸʲôʲôϲ
һų̰غֶɳϵĴӣùһ澲ŵģһ
ȥ·ˣǰɣñﻹһȫµģȥһµģ
̰غҡͷȻǣѩ
һͨͨĳҲ֪Ϊʲô˵Ǿѡġѵˣ˵ʲôѡ
ѩͻȻܵ˾˵Ҫҵֵֹġ
̰غտ²ֲۣȱ·רһ·в
ѩģʲôôȥ̰غգ
Ҳġһҡͷӹ˾űŮ˸͵һôܵôǱͣ
̰غüѵ˵ģΪ£ѲǳԴˣ
Դˣ̰غ߹ȥͷ
һͷһ㶼ϣǳԴˡ
ҾǳԴˣߡ
ʵ̫ѩˣ겻ɢġԽôһ£ϾݱȽϴûʲôԮ
ѩͬİʵ̫̫࣬һʤ
̰غЦЦû˵
ֻǵڶ𴲵ʱ򣬺һԭɳϵĴӲˣҲˡ
㲻Ƿ𣿡
˵ЩԴ׵ʱҲûʲôòǳ˯óȥ˰ɣ
̰غչʲôˣ
һ˱˻ԣҿװʲôʱ򡣡
˵꣬ױһҪȥʹ˹˾̸ǰæ˹ҵˡ
̰غҲƿڣͻȥˡ
һһ٣ǰɣôѩ͵ôҹ͸ͻȥˣ
ֱ˲ͺ
ǣδԴˡ




248 
 

һЦһ£֣ˣʱͦɰġ
Ҳֻ´һԶҪæȥˡһ뷨ǣ֮ڣܴ£ҲҪѶ
ĿʱѾ˵˳µʱ䣬ٲܳ£̫žҪǮ
ôǮ̰غյģһûĻͿԳʱһ𵽴䡣
ĳִߵļÿ˶ͺһʲôʱ飬ھ顣
ǺһǱһֱɿڣ˵ûաòпˣֱ˽ˡ
ҵΣҲǮΪⱾҵΣúõĿ벻Ҫ˼Ǯɡ
ҪǮĻεĻԼԺֺʲôҪ˼ھܾˡ
̰غεͷˣ֪ˣȥɡ
һͷһĲ⿪ȫ³
û뵽ǣһµ̫ŵĹңӭ˺ѩϡ
һЩֵģû˵ѩǻ̫ź⼸Ҳû˸߹
ǲѩǵģ˵ģ͵˵ѩ֮ǰ̬ȣк̬ȣúһԺѩûκεĺøС
Ǻɰû뵽Ȼ㡣ĺѩϾȻȺкǸˡ
֮ǰѩ϶̬˵Ļƾ棬ѩҲк
Ǻҳ˵ʲô°ɣ°ٺ˵ѩϲͳ̰غֽ
һǳ̰غյδޣѩȻ̬ȺһЩ
Ҳɡһ治ɫô˵ˣֻҪིõˣҲκεӡ
С㣬һεѾǸˣǼĲǹģҺҲ˵˲ཱུĴ
ѩ֪һڼƽʲô֪ҪôһҲڣѩϲ֪ںһǵߡ
ĴȷʵĴҲûй㣬ǲԭŮĴȥúýŮСС;֪ƭˣԺĸ˵һǵڶ졣
һЦڸЩʲôأĴͿԵʲô鶼ûзúõŮһٶ۸ӣ
ˣ˸һ飬ıŮ۸СůҲ֪һô㣬ȸ˵һ
һ˵꣬Ÿ߸ЬŵˡСů飬һѾཱུ鷢Ժ˶Ǳߡ
ڹСůְռ֤ݰɣȷʵ̫ˣһ˶ĺЩ䡣
һʱ򣬺ֳҲǸСӸеĿ
ѩ𾪣Ĳ֪ʲô飬һֱæûпչ˵Ϻ裬Ƕķչˡ
ɸոպһ߿Ȼһ۸Сů˲֪Сů˭Ҫ֪Сůļҵˡ
ҿɲȳ̼ҲȥЩ͵ҪǼҵʵڵġ
뵽ѩҲ˲һᣬԼ̸ֺ飬̼ææĳܵ￪ؼҡ
캫ûȥѧУ׼ȷ˵Ǽ֮ͺȥѧУСӼҼҺ±˳ЦѩҲ⣬Ծ˼ҽ̣˵ڼڣˣٰ͵ѧУȥ
ôˣѩͻȻ迪ĵĶ»ܳԺȥӺѩǡ
ǺѩǺȥġ
С裬裬ѧУʲô飬۸⣬㻹ʲô飿
ҪǶǳ֣ûлֵ˵ЩŬҪ׷ˣЩͰװ׸ռҵˣ
Щѩ˵ʲôֻһѩ˵ཱུ֣̾졣
Ҷ˵ҲǹģҾ̫ˣԲŻ˵ֲǹģϾҲš
ûʲôƢҲΪѩϾڼұķߵġ
ѩһ̬ȣ̻ðɣݺݵһѣΪҲ֪˭ģ֮ԲƽϣΪ㻹СǱ˽㲻ҪΪҾͿһֱ㡣
˵źѩһѽ߽һɳϡ
͸˵ԩལѧУﻹʲô飿㲻Ҫȥ飬Ҫʲô鶼ó㣬ûеô㡣
İְֲǺˣѩҲΪ᲻úŻԣһѡº衣ԺӦøεģԾһֱúû뵽Ȼǳô




249 
 

衭ίûаְ֣軹ĻǳΪûҪĹ¶ˡ
7һ㣬֪ô֮飬ֻ֪һûаְ֣ÿһһᵽְּӶ˺⹫žͻһߣ˵Ҫǰᵽİְ֣Ҳû˵ְֵʲôˡ
ںְһǺͳ̰غһˣ̰غ˵İְ֡Ȼ˵֪ǣǰĻţϣһ죬̰غջԼİְ֡
ְ־Ӧǳ̰غˣΪǺܶܶఢ̵ˡ
㲻Ҫң㵽ʲô飬ŲҽͰ͵Զټ㣿
ѩϻҪˡЩΪҲģò׺ҲеɫŮʲôʲô
ĵܵǸǣһҪռҵſԵǸǣںòЩ˥ǺȥͷڹŮȫô鷳
֪ˣһȰ
Ҳ裬ҳ˭ûˣûаְְ㲻ܶң۸Ҳȥ۸ǵģҵ飬㲻Ҫ˼ƭˡ
ЩżسźѩǵȹڣССĺӿ޵ЩҡѩȴΪϰ˻⸱ģܻװ͸һˣӦǺͺӴġ
ڣһѵݣݻҪһЩ治֪Ժʲô
Լ˵ϴҪȥ飬ٸ˵һ飬ûô㣬㲻Ҫһδεսҵĵߣ
ʵǲ裬ںǰܱȫ裬Ҳ7ͻܰ죬Ժֻǵڶѩ
ңҳ۸СůལҾû۸˭ˡҾǼСůҼԶһӣ˶ϲʦҲϲһܺúܺõİְ֣ÿһοҳᶼְҶǱķҾ
˳̫ʶСůˣԲŻһЩϲһ۸
㶼ʲôô۸ģ
ҪĻһɫӦúֲܹŶԡ
ҶûдСҲûдֻȥ·ѡ
޹Ļش𣬺ѩǲûιȥʲôûдʱȴҪغ
ѵúͬѧϰͻȻ享ҵԺߴһѩǱ˱۾ˣҹˡ
һΪͬѧǴأϷЦţ 󻹸һȺˡ
ѩǻͷһۣϵЩˣЩ˶ǺͺĺõСѵļҳЩСѡ
ϷСů߽ȥ糾ͣȴҲһڱصõģ
Ȼͬѧͺͬѧ趼ڣھһʰɡ
Ϸŭ죬ǺһСů۸飬ⱲӶ֪
СůһܶµĺӣֻҪܲ鷳ˣǲġСЩ鲢˵۲ʹͿԲ˵ġ
ǰ·һʵ۸ǿɱȰضˡ
ôʱǼң´ҪĻǰһҲý˼ҺúýӴ
ѩǴŹװʲô֪ǰȥӭӽҵĴš
Ϸһ̧ۣ߽ȥСůֵǼҵɳϡ
ĸҰСССľ֪У԰У԰˵ôأ
ŴҶڣҲʦưոݡһԼŮ۸סģϷҲ⡣
⻰˵ģⶼС֮СС֣ʲôòԵĵطĸ׵ģ㾡Ҿˡ
ʱ̣ѩǻǻźģϾϵһ⡣
ھˣǶ˵˵ʲô
ϷͷҲصģǼС֪ڽǡ
ǿ֮ǰϷƽ򿪷˶Ƭ϶СůϣְۻĶ
˵ϲСů˵ϲĻҪ۸СůҳСůĹСӡ
ȥǿСů·˵·
ǲǣ˵ѹˣȻɵСѩǽ촽ɫ԰ףȫڷ
˵СůСůҲǾΪûϵġ
ϷЦҼСůûз




250 񶾵С
 

ðɣҺȻ˵ǾԲֱ۸Ҳˡ
ңȻһ˵СůԼȸ۸ģ뿪ڵĻһܲ򵥡
ҼȻСůԿ˵ĻһǷġ
ңǷǾΪǼСѸ˵ʲôأʲôֻ֪֪ǰ˺ҪǵһҪǵġ
ϷЦΪŮ⣬ΪֻѣҲԹʩԶֽҲԼΪԼ֪ǰ£ǾͿ޼ɵȥ˺ˡ
ǰ⼸Скһ˵ûд𣿲Ҳд֪ԼϲԴȴСů󻹰еĹƵ˺ϡ
Ǻģ˵ʲôŽǲҪǼҺǮ֪ҲŻôġ
ǼСٴο£֪˻Ϊ˶ί֪˻ΪǶͱˣء
ǽŲǵ£Ҳڽûзһеһлǵ֪Ͷ
ˣǲ˵ˣûѵҲ֪𣿲ΪԼʲô
ϷϹȥȻҪˣǿ϶ֻ㺫һҵģ⼸СкңͬŹ
ǼСкϷĻ˲ûһ仰˵˵ԼļҳߣֻҪԼĸĸǾԶܵʲôͷ
ϷźѩϣŮʿ֪Ůʲô˰ɣҪ˵СӹҼҲҪҿرҪ
Сů׾ͻͯӰˣеĺӵĻʼȥѧУټߵ˰ɡ
СůڻС۸׽ʲôʱ򳤴֪۸ʲô˵ܽԼ۸
Сů۰СŮϷ֪Сů۸֮Թۡ
Ҳ֪С֮ᷢʲô飬Сȷʵûʶǲ֪ǴģǸСк˵һǲ֪Сůϲԡ
ѩͻȻ䲻֪ô˵ȥźãЩ鲻˭˵ǺĴǺдȣԲܶҪôͷǣͦġ
Ҳ˵㵽ѩϵĺߣĿСůͶϷ˭벻һСŮȻô񶾵ʩߡ
ϷЦЦŮʿҲ˵̫ϻҽúһʣ˳˵һܺԼĺӡ
ҲֻΪ˸ѩѹھ飬ҲܽϽ
ô죿鶼ˣδˣǲôءһϷһ裬Աš
ϷÿĵСůΨһοľСůûܵصӰ죬ΪڣһĿʣǰӿʡ
ŷ߰ɣѾǼѧУкˣǼӱŮͬһѧУ
Ժи취СůǼͬһѧУͬһѧУҲҪǳζ
Ҳãʡֳʲô۶һͷһҲϲེͺͬһѧУ
Ȼֻԩལֻԩһ£һͲͺһ̫
˵ߵúܽ˵ݵĹϵͺѩǵĹϵúܶࡣ
һСӣ̻ܲأݱͲʲôֵˣټôһ͸ӹ֡
һҪлл㣬ҵĻҶ֪СůѧУ顣һǷ˺ܾõ飬СҲ̫æˣƽʱСůʱСůСůҲֲõ¡
һҡҡͷʵ˵ΪСůϲԸŰЩġ
㲻̫лң㿴ôãȥ˵СůҵĶϱˡ
˵ڰСů˵Ҳڰཱུѡ
ϷͷҲལСůҲ˵ˣΪ֮Ų۸ġɴ˿ɼྲྀСů˵жҪ
Ժһˣ׺õĵġ
һúӣһ̵ܻӣĳЩԼŮʲôӶ֪
Ư̡˵ŻСůͻȻźһܹȥ
ôСů
СůָָԼͷ̰ӣҵıӸɢˡ
ֳϷΪʲôСůôϲһˡ




251 
 

һЦСůϸĸͷӡ
̸һǱòãСůǼһͷͷʱӾɢ֪ĺһȻҲһֱֱӵ
СůͷʱླྀһˮݵԲһҲıˣһҲҪһԸ࡭
һֱؼҵʱ򣬶ϷԺﻹСůðӵǸ棬Сůı
Сůְ֣߰ǲǺϲ̣
Сů̵ͷ۾ֱӣĿŶϷ
ְ֣ҾҰ̾һʲôΪҺãõĵطᾭȥѧУལȻ󾭳Һ
СůһҸĺӣСһϣְԶԼʱʱ̿ԼҰְûôʱ䣬ʱҲȥΣ档
ҲΪְ̫ԭҲֻһһཾͲһ˵Ǻһһ⡣Ǻһȴ˼ȫཱུϣʱͺܶࡣ
ǰְԲ㣬ְйҪæʱ˲㡣ǣְԶ㣬Ժٱ˼۸ĻһҪְ߰裬֪𣿡
һһûкһĻǲ֪Сů۸ˡ
СůҲ̫ö˵ʲôƶǶĵͷһְ߰ģҲ߹ҲôҪͰְ˵Ҳ˼ֱ˵ĻҾͻȥ̺߰òã
֪ΪʲôСůԺһʱûôѹѺһһʲô鶼¸
Ϸͷ˼Ӻ͸ĸһЩ˼ڵʱÿʱ֮Ҫһˣһˡ
صҵʱ򣬶ϷЩȫԼĸĸӡ
һĶ˺һԺ󲻹ôǶҪһúлл˼ҡ֮󣬻ڵ
֮ǰغ˵ҪǺϷСĵѯʣԳ̰غջЩƫӦ˵ǶԳɼƫ֮ǰ̰غպ˵Ҫһ˵ʲôͬ⡣
ȻҪǾͺɣǸõ͵ĻҪ͵
ְֿڣҲʱѾܳˣҺһٴ䶯
ȻͶְ˵һǲŸո̸ͬʱ򣬾Ѿ˺䶯
ٴֵһϢͷϣ֪졣Һͳ̼ҵĹƱҲʼǣҪǺ⡣
̼֮ô궼ûа취гͨռ˺ܴԭ򡣹ʽͨķʵ̫ߣϱĹҵĺ˰ԳϲǺѺãԣϼһֱûг
ڣҺͳ̼Һ˵ʲôڽͨһ϶̸ܹףʱ̼ҪгͲôˡ
һĺлл㡣ӶϷ֪ΪʲôͻȻͬͳ̼Һԭ֮󣬳̰غվһ·ϻһž̰Ѻһ
ôˣôˣһͱ˵ллһЩЦãܵøΪʲôɡ
㿴Ϣ˰ɣҸ㣬Һͳ̼ҵĺͬѾǩˣ֮ǰֻöǽʽǩͬӣǩͬ˻ǶϷİְ֡
Ϸİְǩͬڳ̼ҺͶҵĹϵ˵˵Ʊˡ֮ǰΪĵԭԽԽԶֱӲ
ҲѾʮ˰ɣҲʮ꣬ȴٴκļʵ̫Ѽˡ
ǾΪʲôҪлҰֲǩĺͬ
һЩЦڳϹɣҲڶǱ߹лʲô
ϷңΪСůԶĸԸɿںҺġ
ԴӶȥ֮󣬶ϷһֱТ˳İְ衣ڶȨܶһĸֻҪҸĸͬ⣬;Բȥ
ΪңǰɣǾ֮ͣһΪེСůĹϵãŻġ˵ҲǰСůɣСůӦཡ
ûΪ㲮ĸſڵġϱӵʲô£ŵõһôһ
һ뿪ڻشʲôʱ̰غյֻȴ
һһۣǳүӵĵ绰
үӴ绰ʲô̰غһүƶ졣
ӾӣүүҸ绰ôˣ˵˺ͶҺô飬Ҳû֨СӲԵģͺͶ̸ɺˡ
үӲ֪˵ʲôźãΪ̼ҺͶҺء




252 ɱ
 

Ӵ벻СͷϢȻô̰ͨغչ𴽽ǣҲҪүӴ绰ġ
ͶҺǴгҪǱǺܺõĺ顣ҲǳүӵĽᣬΪģǶԶһֱεġ
СӣҸһϯģӳϯҪĺ¡صȥҵˡ
̰غյȻ⣬¶Һͳ̼ҷģҲڸˣҺˣҲһҵɡ
𣿡·֪֮ǰܲ
Ƶ·ȷʵеҪǲҲͦѲüģͨĲʱƵ·һĲʻȽϽһЩʱҪ廨ںһ˵һͦ⡣
ĺһСͬһϯ𣿡ȻǺһȥںһδӣֺҲᵽҫһʾԼȨ
֪ˡͷҲȥȥĻ˵ЩָдǸ鲻ˡ
廨ĻʱһҪ廨üܣܳɱж߶Ҫܡ
һһ߶³һм·ΪӦ˳̰غ˵Ҫһȥ磬ϵĺһ֮ǰ·ˡ
һҪ𣿡Ȼǻ嵫ܵĻɱ϶֮ǰҪ߳١
ҪΪϣŮӶϲĸоȻĸоЦʵͻԵرĲ߼ڴһ廨ָоࡣ
³ͷСⷽȷʵ̫˽⣬˵ʵʦҵô꣬ûпǹҪ·ϼ봫ͳԪء
طҪطȾģ۵ɫ̫ںأֻȹڵĵطȾܳΧ
ֺʱͿĺͳ³źһ湤Ǻܺÿġ
ĭվԱߣźһ飬뵽ﻹˣܵ˺һǰ
һ㣬𣿺ƯΪŴֺŷӦ̧ȳ߹ȥ
ԣ£Ϊ˰ȫһͷһóĭϡ
úñܡ˾϶кܶ಻뿴˳µˣ̨ϵһпܻᱻ˻ٻ
һлл㡣ֺĺܸлһƷӣҲʺϿͻԼóµʱ䡣
źһ£ֺòֻ̾ʦõػԭƸ壬ֻǲ֪Ʒ
лⱾӦġˣ³һҪעܣȻǿȥ廨̸һ̸Ѽ۸ѹһЩ
ʵ㲻Ϻֻܹ·ϵߺ߲ͨһܳɱһЩ
ɱ۸𣿡ֺüûó·ĳɱӦò͡
ȷʵˡһͷһ³˵ɣһҪȻȥ
ҪŻȥͣһߵӺͳ̰غȥ硣
ȥ·Ϻ˵õ2˴һܴõ˼
ֺ֣ץסһԥһ£ȷʵˡ
ҲУĭҲһɣһһЩҪ˵
ֺȥҲҪһˣҲΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳
ĭһ£漴Ӧ̵ͷԣҲðѱʼǱϲС
ֺû˵ʲôĭʹĭɡ
ò˿ߵĻͼӱһЩõҸո˵߳ɱһЩɫûôá
һڳϺֺ˵飬ĭں棬ҲļǱʼǡ
˿ߵĳɱжߣЩֺǺ
Ҹո˵ߵ̫Żǻʵһġ
ںһҪǰƷƵȥǼϵ顣
ǲ˿Ҳһ׶˾ҪͻĺãͻĲãë
һǵۺҲüǿʵۺĻǲ˿߱ȽϺһЩ
˿ȻëЩҵ֪飬һǵĿͻӦòᴩƵ·Ħ
ܣҵĶԱͼԿһ¡ĭһôһ˵Ѹٵҵֲͬ˿߶ԱͼͼƬϿȷʵǲ˿߻һЩ
ֺһ£ȷʵ˿߻ܱ棬ڶõ巨Ƿ壬ԺֺһƵͼ
ã֪ˣǴ𣿡ֺЩţһʦӦõġ




253 ׵ø
 

һһ£ͷȥģҪǲȥĻҪֳʲôҲ֪ôȥʲˡ
ң󣬶һʦлĻĻڣȥҲʡ
ǾͺáֺЦֻҪԸȥͿˡ
ĭһֺģԿóԺһжôϲ
һ򿪳ţ³ĭסҺ˵ĻӴ
һлĭ֪˼ЩŵĿһֺֺûڿһ
ȵһ֮󣬲ãǵĳҲ뿪
һ߽ſڵʱûг̰غաЩƣ˵˻͵𣿻˵Ѿڼˡ
̰غһ̣˵ڼģϻֲˡ
¥ءЦЦ˵һл֮¥ϸϡ
ϵʱͿ̰غվߵ̨һģ֪ڸʲôһЦܹȥ汧ס
ڸʲô˵7:00ҪȥôûпʼͰ
̰غ΢΢һû˵ǿߡһЩƵĿôˣһ仰˵ƽʱ̫
ôѽǷʲôôһ仰˵ӹżġ
̰غջͷǡ
ºһˣôӰͻȻôĮˡ
һ̧ͷǲ̫ڸʲô˾۵Сۣ˴ԼһӺ󣬳̰غڰ鲻ԸĿڡ
ôһǴֺĳģررԴס
Ϊ£һЦãȥֺǱ߰æֺⲻǺ𣿿˵ˣϻأֲֻ
ΪԸһüʱĻҪôźأ
ǡȻǰһոջعʱֺߣÿһνҲֺǸʱʼеԴˣ˵ǴǸʱʼһֱ׵ڵġ
һװ̫ģɿס֣ԴףԼԴװɣȥʦŪˡ
˵꣬һתȥ¥ңʦһǡ
̰غ۾ˣ˵Դˣһôģѵһûп
ǳԴףʱུԼķһЩĵĺͳ̰غ˵
㶮ʲôСӼҼҡԴΪ˵ռռǿˣԸôˣ
ЦְֻȤʲôСӲСůͱкʱҲ
̰غǳԴףʵԴǺõģǳԴ׶θá
ǳԴףرˣֻ֪ϲһˣ͵־ˣǳԴס
ͽ֪СůֻϲԾԴҲǾԴ׵ġ
ոû˭ġ̰غͻȻЩⲻһ֮ǰԴֻСС֣һᡣ
˭Ȼˡȥ﹤һ裬ҲͦİɶҳﻹǸĭأʲôóԴ׵ģɣ
˵ུ꣬Ӳ輸˱ɣ̰غȥһĵ񣬽Լķ䡣
һĳ̰غЩƣǰǲģ˶˵ģԽӽôСӶ˵ˡ
ܿһͣ촩ǰɫȹӣȥɡ
ôأһЩЦĳ߹ȥ̰غյ̧һۡԭǵڳԴװ
һ嶼ҡԽԽԽԽᡣ
ȻһͳٵˡһҪȥĵط°ˣǾͲˡ
4ȥôʲôȥô绹ڼҺúúء
һεİһȥһطһȥǸطҪһȥģȻһȥҲ޼¡
ȻϲԸǳ̰غջǹԹԵվһȥལһš
裬ҪȥҲ֪ΪʲôҪôţ˵ߵӳŵġڻţڼһ
ĳʵǲȥһ˵ˣһεҵỹͦҪòȥ
ȥ֡һЦЦһ£Ϊ˲ĳǳԴףǻǰǸ˰ɡ
ʲôȥ֣ལ̰غҲˡȥôûкȥʲô
㲻ǳԴף˵Ҫ𣿽ʱ䣬Ǿȥ֤˰ɡ




254 Ц˺
 

ܣôˣܸоܸˣЦݺΪͶҺɣ
ǰǰͻȻЦе㺦¡ϵ˽ǴῪʼ֮ǾͿ̰غʱʱڷʱʱЦͺǱһһ
һߵĻźһɵЦһһԲ֪˵ʲôЦһڳ̰غյߣǳ̰غվͿźһķɵɵЦ
϶Ϊһɣ̰غյ۾ʹû뿪һ
Ȼ˱һˣǳ̰غҲ⡣
Сһְôˣӳ𣿻ǳˣǺ幺ͳ̰غôѣҲýĳ̰غЦе㷢
еԺЩ벻ķһһЦģ̰غе㲻̫ϰߣȻ˵ЦҲÿѾĿл֮ȥˡ
཰һۺ幣ְֲųأ˵ְֳë𣬻棡
Ϊ֤ˡôģô𣿷סһˣһûǱ֤ôҪ
ûио첻֤˵һӰ춼ûУӻǺǰһ
𾪣ǰɣǾȻˣ֤ѽҪǰճ̰غյԸһҪȺߴĵĸǵģ˵޲Ҫűףأ
֤ôҲһԸӦòǵİɣ幻ǺƣȻˣһԣ̫˼˰ɡ
һԣǸո֤Ǿˣ˵ʲôʱ㣿
ԵȻֻԼɵЦˣĲܹ֡Ͼۿų̰غ׷źһ˺þõʲôʱ⣬趼ûиһ𸴡ͻȻһϲƾϲɵ˰ɣ
˼˵ǲŸո֤ûСʱ٣Ҳ̫ܸ˰ɣǶҺͳ̼Һ칦磬ҲǵĽգ
ͻȻ̰غҵץһšེĵͷûӣǵĽ֤ˡ
ûиߺ幣ְֵԺ󣬶žͷǴģûзӦӦʱ򣬾һЦúܡеɵֵڿȥһɵ
ţȻˣĲšΪ֮˾ǳ̰غգû뵽ں΢巶ûкӦ֤̰غվͶԺһˡ
죬ôӦְҪģ̰غһʲô춯ص飬úһɿڵġ
ҡҡͷǡ
ؼңҰְڶ¥̨ˣرĲġȻأһ޹֮¥֮ͣ͸Ұ˵ȥطʱ4࣬Ұְֲ̫ţҲšһҪǳţٺӾͿ֣ٺǾͽˡ
ཱུٷɿ죬İǰһֶĸߺ幡
𾪣ǽȥ֤Ǻһģһʱģģ̫˰ɣ
ͻȻһһһˣǻǴϲȻ˵һǳ̰غյˣͬҲǴ˺ܶĿֺľϲ
ལְǲӮҡǮ˧ֶ𣬾ȥ֤ϲġ
һ£ĵͷҲְӮҡһʼһͻȻ˺ӣӣ˼ͥǵĺӻԴˣ
ҲΪ衣ȻҪѩĻɲӮңùҡ
㲻ҪЦˣУ˶ҪΪаˡ
Ϸεҡҡͷ̰غһߣñ˿⸱ɵģ
ǰ˵ģദҵϲʱЦ̫죬̫ˣûš
ϷҲ֪̰غսϢɶЦݻǺΣȻ֪ܿġ
ҽˣϷҽˣҲúܲ˼飬컹ڳԴأͻȻһӺһ͸˵ȥ֤ˣ
ͺһҲСˣԹ˵һӣҲڱ˴ˡ
֪ˣ磬ܲһ£Ҫٲһ˼ҶΪǷоٷħˡ
ҷһλоٲŷħЩ˿ɲ֪̰غΪʲôˡ
ϷĻ̰غЦݻָŷо٣
ôо٣ͺһһ𶼲һͽˣʲôɱԣ




255 
 

һþòһڳصһкĿˣ磬ǳ̼ǶҺһȦ˲̫˽⣬ԸʶĻǵʶһ£ԺҲһ֪
ǻ˵ĺúõģºͺһҲĵͦã˭֪ζͻȻѩĺͺһк
òʲôþòҲҪǰԹŮ
ʲôˣǱΪ飬ôϲʱȰҲԼʲô
һ˿Լκ棬ζһŭ
ʲô˵Ϊںͳ̰غһͿֻҪһû̼ҵĴţԶǺһǳ̼ҵˡ
ôǰʧӣζ϶ǲĵģǻ֪̰غպͺһѾ֤˵ϢҲΪһ
磬Ҫ˵ЩССô̼ҵĴţѩһ뵽Լ֮ǰ̰غ͵ĳ£ȴ̰غ˻˵ΪһԴףԲգһ뵽ͺ
ң˳̼ҵĴŹԺȦᱻֹɣ
ѩָһҲָ֪һ飬ʵ鲢Ҫͻȥģǳ̰غҪͻȥģûйϵ
ҵǲֹЩЩҪغյĻҵǻֹ˵ţһζ졣
β֪ѩûи͹أһؿ˸ĵ֡
ͨĳȻҲԴףѩ͸̰غյһڲͬرܵĹϵͲͳֶѩˣڳؿڴһģǱ֪̰غվһҲ˵˰ɡ
ѩû뵽һȻῴǸģϵĲģģһܵĵطֱš
ϸķĻһôֵģ
ѩ͵ǼɫǱȽģǺɫģǿģǰɫġɫһ𲢲ۣ߶һ˷֣οأ
ζһ£ʲôô֪һǴĵģ⵽ôһ¡
βҲ֪£ԺúһѩŶˣϲɿܻ֪ҽͰغսˡ
һһ㶼ҲǣΪʲôҪǿأҵġ
ǰܾã˴ˣˣЩ˲䡣
ѩ㵵۾Ҳ΢΢򿪣ô̰ܳغôܻһľ֤ٳү֪İɣ
һҪλ⡣һǶ𾪵飬ͻȻýǽˡ
Сԡһ̰غǰס֤֡󣬳̰غնԺһĽзͱˣϲһһСԵĽ
ôϽ֣һεĿļڴѧʱıȽϺõģųԱġ
ͻȻ֣ûٽˣרġ
ericһʲôôܣ
ԶERIC˼磬ԣ촩ͦѽôܻð
֪ˣר֡˵һ˿Χȷܱû֮ſڼ˵ȥոҺͺζײˣѾ֪ǽϢúζ֪ѩ͹ˡ
˵һ֪̰غ֪֪ĵ飬Ƴ̰غǼ׳ʲôӶûмɣ
̰غüСѧᷴɱˣƯʡǼ۸
ζһ⡣˭֪ʲôɲ˭͵ġ
Ŷһż⣬ſĶߣˣһǼؿڴһĵ顣
ѩͺζӦһʱҪʱ˰ɣû취ǱΪˡ
ģʲôΣѩǸʱֻǿһɫ֪һûóͲ֪һġ
ȻΪʲôһԴװͨĳҲˣεĳһǳڳ̰غյϵġ
ûи߹ңĲ֪ûóӣô֪
ˣȥˣ˵ˣӽ쿪ʼǰĶˡӽ쿪ʼǾǷޣ˳ķޡ
ԣǰȥɣһǲټƽ̫ˡ
á̰غյͷ˿Χû˷˽ֽһһ
ط
ס˵̰꣬غյĴģôˣɴֳ֮ڣ˸ࡣ




256 ·
 

һų̰غգô滹ôıͣһײˣҲҪˡ
һοɲˡؼײͺ𣿷ǵҪߣһһƤر𱡵ˣҲֻǺѣĲûʲô
ãһξԲʲôġǶѾˣȻʲô鶼һġ
ıͶǶҵкҵȻ˵̰غպͺһ£Ͼ»СھҪᡣ
ŸոմӷүӾסŹȳ
СӣҲϼһһҲ˵飬ҪǶҵ˸ңǲˣ
̫ˣүѲÿζ֪˵״̬
˺ˣ㣬ʱģһҸ㲻𣿡
̰غַүӣϵЦôֹסүӵһۣˣѵôģǽҲġ
һڵӣȴѩ۾һжģûкһĻôҸӦ
̰غӦģүҲӦŷҪ̰غȢһжˣǰȫһ
һѩľƱ顣Щ˵עתƵ
ѩһ£ûӦԱ߹ʱŷӦȻѱӸˡ
С㣬ⱭӡԱҲ֪ô죬ѩݰֱֲߡѩ˺һЩҡ
ʰɡ˵꣬ææתߣû߳ͱݸסˡ
ôǽﲻ˰ɣ˵һ㱻ζˣ
ڻ᳡ˣһֱûпһֱζѩڽﲻ֪˵ʲôʱų̽̽
̽ѩͬʱҲ̽˳̰غպͺһ˵Ϣ
㻹һ𣿡˵ӦŶԣ˭֪ռҴСڵ̰غգȦ˶֪顣
ԣҪҪúúһһ
ʲôһѩ棬ʱܸʲôһ
Ṵ촽ѩĶ˵˼仰
Ϊ֮ǰѾӦֺˣһȥֳԽһһ硣
ЩһǧԸ⣬һԸ⣬˵ʲôźһ˯һȴľܾ
Ҷ˵˽飬ɲˣ϶˵ģҲӦˣ˵Ҫȥ㳡ôַء
Ҿ˯һֲ˵ȥô׸һġ
̰غյЩƲ֣һΪֺˣòġ
һ۾ʲôʱֻǸҪڶѣôͱأ˻֮ҪҪôģ
ҪҪôĵģһס˹˴ϡ
ﲣˣ̰غȻԼģֻռǿѣǳ̰غա
һͷ˼Ĵڴ󱦱ˣԸϽϴȥ㳡𣿡
ⳡ̫ţҪܹõĻǾ˫Ӯ첻õĻǾˡ
Ҫǽ㳡ģزһ㣬̫Ϊƣ˺ܶ൱СǣرЩܸߵǡ
΢һע⣬һҪ˼ˡ
ͷĳ̰غգԹԵ𴲣ɻǱţ˵ʲôҪһˢһϴ
˽СһﶼȥˣСһ￴ȥˣǳ̰غǹᾢ費ûû
˵㹻꺢𣿡궼磡Сһ﷭˸ۣĳ̰غǱһˣһеǵˡ
̰غЦСӼҼҶʲôȵԺ󳤴ˣ˵Ȣűġ
һһСľͲҪǰȥལǵóܼͣͣȥѧУ
һཱུСһ￴һ۳̰غգ⽫
裬һס
ߣԶģ˻飬
һ̰غҧгݣͻȻе㲻ϲˡ
˵ôô֣
ϣ̰غЩƣôòôϲһˣкöడ
һû˵ʲôЩɻĿ
˵ʲô
΢ϲ㣬ֺ˵ϲ㣬Ǹ³Ҳ㣬СһҲǡôôϲأô֣Ժôùأ
Ĳˡһ̾ˣôôɣ




257 ģؼ
 

ԲңȸһסǵúһϸСһһףûиء
һεһ£˳ˣҲˣϽȥúùϰࡣ
ҲҪúùˣȵæһͿʼĹҡȵ֮Լϲ·ֻԼϲ·ҲֻԼϲ·
ʵںһ˵̫źǳŲõѡЩϾҵļţƱܴˡ
һ㣬ˣǱϽȥŶⳡ˵˺ҪԳκεĲ
һ㳡ԱĸкڵĺһѾ֮ǰĺһˣڵĺһֵǵء
һЦŵͷ죬Ƶ·ȫ㳡ϣҲȫЩģصϡΪ֮ǰĿﵣεʦԣƵ·ܶࡣһֻһΪһӣ
һ㣬ڹˣ¥11̲裡
һһ³̳ܹϻһ̲衣һӹ̲裬ֱʾл
˵ͳ̰غѾˣ֪ʲôʱл񣬻᲻ȥμӣ³һ͸ĽһȻϣȥμӺһĻġ
Ҫȹһʱ˵ˣ˵ˣϽҲ֪㵽жҪ
һ˵꣬ʼͶ빤ûãЩҲˡ
һһʼ뷨ЩģأȥһЩȽͨˣ·ͨҲĻɹơ
Ҫ̫ŵһҵĹ˾ЩǹأҲԺֹ˾ýģҿһ·˿׬
Ҫ֪ҿ϶ǸеĿλôСôĶ
ǵĻױﴫһ̱һ··ʱ̲סͣ˽Ųһǣֹڳ϶ô֪С
һȥˣǵƷƷװӰģòã
񾸽㣬ǧҪ˵ˣԷǸеĲʲôԴֳ˵Σա
ЩΨΨŵŵȰֻһССǲȰĻʱʲô飬˾Ҳˣͷˡ
ⳡ˵ôˣҵĻױʲô𣿶ǿλСֺҴˣ
ǸŮ˿û˼һҡҡͷĹ߲Զɡ
СǻͦӡģݼһʼĳŮĶӳһʲô磬ķ˿ʼӪֵжߣ˵˼ѵһŮ
ʵһ֮ǰͦϲСǵģҪݼܺõ˺ܶСû뵽֪֪治֪ġ
һôȥôòŻʲô𣿡³һ̲סȥʵ
˵Ҫȥõιεķһ¥ӦòԶǣһȥȥôá
ûʲôˣ³һ⣬ݼǴһ·Ĵ˭
ϵ۱һҪ·е㲻̫á
һ뵽ղЩŮô̱Ƶ·ء
ݼľǼ£Ǻһǲǣ硣
һһε̾һʲôʲôˣԼĹˡ
ʱ򲢲˵ԼͿԵģǸݼȷʵź򣬶Ҳһź
Ҿ·ûггҵȻʦһ°ɣʦǶֳ·𣿡
ݼžӿԼãǲ⡣ʵһҲ⣬ǲģء
ģصʺ·һ㶼ϣģе㰫Ǹ168ģվǰŮǣҲ160ˡ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһ˫7׵ĸ߸Ьǲһ˵˵˵ֻ׵ģٸˡ
²ܸĵģѾȥˡͼƬ㳡ʼǰһ췢ȥˣڸģǾǶǿͻĲأ¿ͻǻġ
ôlowֳһ£ôҿ˵ʦǿֱüĵģòǿϵʦɣ
һЦЦǼ˵Ը¡ûкǸŮǷƢ˲ֵƢͲƢ
ưһ仰˵£㶼֪ҾͲˡ
ݼǲ֪һ˵˲ðɡ




258 
 

һͲˣû£û˵ģҪ·ġʦģشʲô·ģؾʹʲô·Ұõչʾ˵Ҫ·ֻгߴҪġ
ڣݼҪĵģɲֻǳߴ硣˳ߴ⣬˵ҪĵĵطǺһϲĵط
ȻǺһϲĵطͲܸġǵĹ˿ҲҪǸġ
˻ûҷĸ·ĥĥģŲҲˣ
ݼüĳܲģһҲİģ̬ȣ䲻Ʒ
һǲ˵ݼĽױ̨ϵĻױƷڵϣž
һܵĿһۣû˿𾪺ͱŵҲֻˤˤѣܸʲô
ǵѾ΢ϷˣǲٸĵġҪʵǲⳡĻԲߣûмǴĻ㽫֧޶ΥԼ𡣡
ǵĺͬһˣûпһҲֳֺһ׼Բģطĸӵġ
һ˵ΥԼ飬ݼøô˻ΥԼֶǩͬʱǸΥԼ߿ǴŲٵ0֧ģǿ֧½
㻹ҪⳡshowϣܺúߣҪ̫оԵ
仰һвġ̫ʲôݼȻ֪
ⳡ˵Ļô̫һȦȥ
ЩĵĿûмݼô˵֪ôܲܳܵס
Ҹ㣬вңǺְҵµˣҼȻǩԼҾҪúߡ
ش𣬺һĵͷ·ѾˣȻԷҪҲˡ
ݼĻױ䣬һžԼ˹ͬһױ̫ˡ
ʲôͷȻô˵ոư𣿲ά𣿡
һһߣݼͶԼ𣬲Ѿ׼ˣݼƢôǰ棬϶ﲻܣһҪ˳ġ
Ҳҡʲôˣǿǳ̰غյӣ˭ǰСа
㲻ʲôʲôˣһŮ˰ųûϢ
ݼƽʱæţݿ϶ǽӴһġôƾ֮ţҺһֵúܿ죬ûѾӰˡ
һݼǲ֪ʲô˵ģһһͨͨʦСеʦ
ͨˣǲ𰡡Ҫ֪ϵĲ̫Ų֪˶١Ҫǵ˳ϼŵĻݼ;Ӳ˵ˣⱲӿֱ˵ǻٵˡ
ʲôղͨѲһҪݼĸȰ
֮£ֻøһʲôˡ
ǳǣʦķ˿ͦģҪһǳ̰غյš
ݼӦò᲻֪̰غʲô˰ɣԷַѩǵˡ
Ļݼɫ԰벻һȻǳ̰غյšôʲô֪û˸̰غѾˡ
ǰȥ֤ûü죬ҲûйȥҪӰɣ֮ܲǵ˼ҾͲҪ˼ң˵˴ûģҪ·ĵ
ǹʺģأҲǲģģصְҵ¡
ò˵ҺЩģܱ˵ʲôʲôϽģ
һģԼġʲô̰غյӣǳ̰غյӣòҪģҪôãһȺ˿أķ˿ܻġ
һżСڵʲôʲôøĵģѾôÿˣѾٸˣ˽޸ʦƷԺ˭ҽ㣬˵Ҫ⳥һΥԼ
ⲻУʦƷûȨĵģСǹ˾ô־ô֣ڱ˵ĳϣǩԼ˵ģ𣿡
׷ֲֵػʱ򷢷СƢУҪ˼ҵƷһʲô⣬ܸ
Ҳҽͱøģҵľеˣ·԰ҵչʾҸʲô˼
㱾ΪȦ۵ģҲΪܹԼȶȵģڵ뻨ô࣬ҪûеȶȣҪ˱ȥˡ
˵ȶһıߣѾþûϹˡ




259 
 

˽Ը·ܻᱻѣҲѰ˵Ĳ±ûȶȡ
һǳ̰غյ֮ﻹЩ֣ܹɳɹĻǻһȶȡϴϴ׵⣬ȵԺȻ˰ϴףЩԵԲзۿ϶ϴ׵ġ
ҪҪԼȥԲúͬ͵С򵹡˵ˣԽԽҲԽԽûƣܲһߣͿˡ
ĲԸİСڣˣҪ𣿰Լô죿𣿡˾ôļǮȥеĺ
ײǾˣĵλܵͣݼԲĻ
һзһݼ˵Ľ·һЩȻڷһϷá
һ㻹Ҫ򳡣һֵᷢġúõһ·ŪӣҪ췽ĻǻᱻԿõⳡ֮ȷѪꡣ
ʲôҾ˵һҾôţϳ֮ǰٰ·￴õ
Ƕ·ˣǸʱҲˣ׶췹ˣô죿
ΣڶҲֻȥѾⳡְ֮׼
Ҳˣ˵Ҳǲ֪ϱӵʲôù
һ̨ݼŵ·ʱ򣬲ûιȥ˵Ըĵ𣿲˵ԸĵΪʲôԸģ
ô°·²һ
ǰǰôÿһôɫоһɫûУҹŮ˴ġ
ѲʱĵģһĵģܰɣһƷôlowһǳʲôɡ
һǼ·ݼרҵʿֻ֪·ĳɽģȴ֪ϵ·һͶûУ
·̫ŵ㳡ϣֱǶ̫ŵ衣
һô£ȻֺҲǼ·ĲԾ·˵Ҫһ򣬺ܶ˶ǳġ
·Ļǽû壬·ĺҪ
Ҳ֪ô£֮ǰ˵ģҸ˵ˣ·ǲԸĵģҲȷĸ·Ļ̫Ž⳥
Ѿ˵ˣݼôһ㶼Ȱأôǰ·ˣĳֹӣ
̨ס̫ŵӰҲǺܺáһʱ֮һȻ֪ôźá
˼ҪôʱֺѾ̨Ѿͣˡ
˭˽Ըĵ·ֺһӶǸŮǣùͲܱ䣬ǰ
ҡȻݼΪܹ˳˳꣬˵ǳʲô⣬췽Լҵͣ
Ǹ߹·ܸĵ𣿡һҲ̨ĺƷ˽ԸƷǶĲء
ֻǾһĻȽϺÿԾ͡
ݼҧ촽㳡ôľͷʱ˿̶ڶÿһ˶ڵſЦ
˽ԸʦƷûеְҵ£һٶĶˣԸġ
һüɫ࣬ղڻױ˵ôˣôûȥ
ǰǰû˵£һǾȻҲ˽޸̫ŵƷ
ǲ̫ˣ;͵Ϊֹ˰ɣ
̨µҲ˽ⶼʲôʲôȻ˽ԸʦƷ
ȥԺҲ㣬ֻҪĵӾ͵Ӱ̫ŶͶʣ
ֺҲȺһҪȵ·˵Ҫȵ·ܺõĻǾͿԽµͶµĿ
ڣôǶٶܵһЩӰ졣
ݼûзӦվھ۹£֪ôأΪ̫Ŷٻһӵġ
ں̨ö֪ôźã£ݼĴˡ
һǴˣ
һ߹ȥĹ·֪·ĳɱǶȻѾˣǾͺúûȥ׼ΥԼɣ
ո˵ˣ·Ҫ
һ£ݼʶסһæ飬˭֪һ˶ˤ˵ذϡ
һˤڵϣŵϲ԰ף̨̳ȥҪ
˭֪ݼʹŶӣ£һ̲Ѫ




260 
 

һҲ𾪣⵽ʲôûôͻˤأΪʲôѪҪǣݼû̸ģ
С⡭⵽ô£
̨µ˻źһֺڵϵݼݼһŶӣóǳʹࡣ
⵽ô°ҿѪˣҪҪģòİɣ˶֪ݼһû̸Ů裬ôˣ
120ҽǹһЩӦ̽ԱԱ̰ѼææĴ绰ҽԺ
ܿҽԺ˹ݼ̧ߣ飬϶ǲܼȥˡֺ˸Ͻһ³ʹȥҽԺɲԼҵ㳡ʲô⡣
찡ݼûְҵ£߸㣬˼ҵ·ˣҪʦĻҷǵβɣ
Ҫ˼ҵƷĵĺˣƫƫĳֹӣΪ˭ѽе˲𣿻ҵְ֣Ʈ˰ɣ
˵˼ʦѾԸĵġ˼̫һѾкܶԤ£ǸЩԤĿͻĽⲻ˼ҵ𣿡
ݼ㳡Щ飬һȥ˿ʼָ
ȷʵݼ㳡ϸ·ǰ޹˺ߵ飬Ǹ·ֱڻ·
һҲû˼Ҽƽϣ˭˼סҽԺأסҽԺˣԶܺߣҲ֪û¡
ƷѾѪĲҪ˵ֺԼƷܿأҺܶ˶ǳƷķᣬˣ鶼ˡ
ڵĺһûаݼ룬ȻѪһŻǿ˰ɡҪôͻȻˣô˵ݼһǣܲǻУܻ˭ĺӰ
㳡ʲô𣿡˵ⳡҪæ
ڴģһôˣҿȥƣҲܲġ
һֱסľһһʮĸ̰߳غաڲ֪ô죬ǱˣΪݼһˡ
̰غͷ۾΢΢ûô򵥡
ݼͦģһʱ֮Ҳ벻
Ҫǳݼ֪㱣֤𣿡
Ŀѩǰѩǰʶѩˣǰѩٲôı
£ѩĻǲµҲ֪ѩйϵ
ǡѩЩ̵Ĺ𴽽ǣ˶ǻ᳤ģֻʱѡ
Լֲңȷʵ͸¶һƵǼ·̫˵Ҫûȶȡ
Ȼ˵ݼ˽⣬ȷʵȶȡΪѩûи·Դȶȣ˭˭ͷ
ʲôˣȻô
ݻͦģֲýѩ˵ʲôԸȥ㳡Ϊ˺ԼƲϵڼʹǻ᳡ϳʲô⣬ҲܹﵽѩͷϣϾȥûȥ
ֻǴӦܹ·Ҿͳаһѡȶȶ˵ʵ̫ҪˣڵϢĳ̫죬һʱǲڴǰ˿ܾͻ˭
ѩ֪ݼжôҪȶȣԲܽġ
ǱϾҹ˾Ҫǳʲô˵ҲûʲôôּҴСʼնҪּҺ̫ŵģûΪǿıôѩҲִС㡣
ͨˣֻ̫ҵģҲ
ֺһʲôǸĸͬ⣬ǲΪ̫û̫ŵĻֺʲôǡ
ǿ磡ǿ磬ôµȥ⻹ʶѩ
ڼǰʲôԣʱ̻ĵ
˵ˣݼҲҵģݶźˣԼ˾Ȼȥ
ѩ۾΢΢ ҲǸ˭µģ˭ˡݼȻвˣⲻܡ
ţǽ˰ɣҪǷһ顣˵ܲٲܲٵʵ˿ѩӵĵ绰Ǹݵġ
ǸݣڹڻͦڵȦߣͦġҲʮ겻ͣһѧʱŮѣǸȦˡԣʮʱͺŮѽˣ˾ˣοǴȦˡ
Ҳ⣬ûܵסջһЩԭµ¡




261 ҧһ
 

һֱˣһαΪݼ飿ݼѾȷˣȷʵǻˣΪ㳡Ϸ飬ѾˡǺһ벻ףݼˣΪʲôܹûҲû
ǳݼԼûиˣԴҲûɡ
ҾͲΪʲôЩҪȥһһѾȷ֮ǰΪҲˣ֪ôģǳݼĻҲᷢ顣
һʼնǱһûϴ
ɱ˳죡ǼҽûǻУǺһǼҽܵ˺ˣ
ɱ˳졣
ɱ˳졣
ܿ죬綼Ѿݼķ˿ϼҪһһ˵ķ˿ɺһô˵أһûڳݼôˤڵϵģһǺ
ΪʱվݼͰ˰ɡ
һЩķûھ߳ɢɢģڼҲšû£ƾʲôҪڼţ
ɱ˷㻹ҳҹ䣿
ԣɱ˷
һԼŽû·ԲзۣѾΧסһûзӦʱѾһЩϸʪˡ
ߴһһɱ˷һίˣʲô鰡ǺһĹϵɲԻغֻǳݼˡ
ûɱˣҸûҲ֪Ǽҽ㻳ˡѵǲӦȥǽ˵𣡡
ҲӦȥҳݼҪһ˵ôôù·˸ĵ߰ģ̯һ¡
죡ɱ˷ҲӲú
˭ĶӲú
̰غհʮ֪һʲô֮һֱܵġղųԷʱһûھ˵ˣߡľ͸Ź˭֪Ϳ龰ôء
ͺһĶӣͺһĶʲôʱֵõˡ
ǳ̰غգЩԲзЩ˵ҲӲһȻҪ󣬵̰غˣǹ˰ɡ
ո˭ҵĶӣúССҲ֪ôô񶾣ȥЩҲʮ߰ɣ绨ĹǶ񶾡
ֻ˵ѣôгеأڳ̰غô£ǸӲˡ
ģأҪҵĹ˾㣬Ҫ
̰غһЩûԼжԲ𣿻ǰ׳գݼʲô˴𣿽ֵΪ
ЩһذǰǳݼԼĴǳݼԼдĻôܻᷢ顣
˵һٶһЩΣݵӦɳݼе
Ȼ˵ǷͥϼǸոѾԺһ֣ϻɢôһۣҥּ㹻˰ɡ
ЩԲзһҳһǻ࿴˿ԷۣͻȻ˴ͷתˣһµЩҲȫˡ
ˣȻҶ֪ô졣Щ˶ϣʲôҶҪôǰΧס·ġ
ʱ䲻ҪԼһ˳ʲôһ𡣡ղţһĻЩŮǲǾҪˣ
һͷɻǺܲģҲǣֱʲôÿĵģһôñӣ
ʲôɱ˷ҲҲ˵֪ʲôǶֳֳ𣿾͸ô˵
鶼ȥģģһжڡ̰غѾ취ȥ֤һסźܿͻнͽĶԲߡ
ͦĵġһЩѹıס̰غգˣɡ
һ̿ʼ֪ҵĺûеһ̿ʼֻذ֪Ĵǲһ˵顣ΪûȶҲûоʲôʱ飬Բûиߴҡû뵽ȥһȫҵĺӸŪˣһֱͦһºһʦģΪʲôҪң
һһ΢ʱ򣬲ûǶʲôʱƹ̨ôӰһͲˣѲӰûһܹĵõĿǰ̫ǿʱĳ
һԳݼͦͬģҲΡȻӲΪֱԭûеġǹⲻȥжᣬҪڡ
ûʲôʱˣ




262 Χ
 

һ͵ģ֪ݼжٷ˿Щ˿Ǻܵģǵ˼Ҳ죬֪ԼӦʲôӦʲôqw
ˣ̰غսĵ̺ϣֶʲôÿģǷϻ
Щʲộ˭ǽ㲻ãǾ;˭˭ǵԲзѸ㣬ںһĻ϶ܡ
һһۣǺܣ֪ô˵ǾԼ˺ܴίɱ˾ǲĻǲ׵þָ񶾵ԡ
ãһĿѹǺܺõģȻܵӰ죬Ҳر
ûôҵͷϣһҡҡͷڲ֪ô͡
ϵҪôҪһ˵ģҪôַݼַݼ˵Լܣ˱˵·
˽޸ʦ·ȷʵǴɣܶ˶ܲˣԤ·ˡƱȥ㣬Ϊ˵һʱ俴·ô
һڼҴһó̰غȥ̫ţһ̫Ҳ
Ȼ˵·ûˣΪȷʵòҲʧСôǣòԤЧǾʧ
Լȥ̰غһȥڵ״̬Ǻܺá
һҡҡͷˡ̰غպֺҲΣԼȥٵĽ
̰غյͷ˼Ҳҵǲĺһ
һҵһ̣˶Ҳ֪һȷʵ޹ҲһЩ˱Ƚƫġ
һˣպãɣ˵˵ôֺкһͷ߹ȥ
ıǸ֪ŪһǵǸǴһŬôõĽˡ
ʲôǸ³üֲĴҲܺߣ·˻ٳŵĸϳģ֪˶ҹ˲¡
뵽³ͻȻü԰ǵʱһôó
ǻһ£³ʳһֱǵһµġ
ĭͷԣ
ǵʱôóóĻҲ
ĭǺҲóں̨̨֪ʲô顣ȵӦʱѾ˲ʰĵزˡ
һһĭῪΪ⣺顣
ĭ͵̧ͷźһȻΪ˵Ӧں̨ŵģǸʱǡ˽ȥģأȥˡ˭֪뿪ûãͳ顣
ɲô˵Ą֮̊́һεģӦóеΡ
ݼ̨ǰһֱ·ϳϨƵһ̣·ҵʱڳҲһۿ·
ƹ谵·ĵĵطҲסˡǺһ·ҲһӿסҪ˵ˡ
˵ˣ鱾ΪݼԼûְҵ£ˣơ
ΪĻĲڱ
Ȳ˵Щˣ̽һôֺڣ˵ЩѾҲ׷˭ĶԺʹ֮ҪһԲߣܹʧ͵ĶԲߡ
ģȫ˰ɡ
ĿǰҪǳݼһҧǺһķ˿һֱڵǵļšڶһֱڴ·Ŀͻ㳡Ʊȴ·̫⣬ܲƱ
Ŀǰ˵Ҫ⣬˵˵ȥҪĻ̫ŵѾܵӰ죬һķ
һƬžôôÿһֻܼ֣ҪԷ⣬̫ŵܵӰء
ֺһʱ֮Ҳ벻ʲôԲߣҪܹĵĻܻһЩԲǣ̫ŵĹɶһֱڴ绰ɧû
ɣݼȷһţҺ֮顣ЩΪӦƱĹ˿ͣǸƱңҿԸһͬװǵǸݼΪ𣬺ܶ˶ڰĺӵ˭ġ
黹ûбع֮ǰݼȻһҪҧסţԼȡ档
һŮˣ25ŮˣȦһֱԼŮǣڳ飬;Ҳһǧɡ
ܹϺһȻŹǺһóԷսپٰȥ
ȥҲˣûгݼôż
ֺϸһķһ˵ķȷʵԿǡ




263 ֮
 

Уһ㲻ֻһǣǿǰæÿһ˶ͳݼһûְҵ¡
رʱĶԱȣǻԼְҵµһչʾһţֻҪŬûа첻ɵ顣
ȻԷ۵ѹѹ͸ɴݼһʲôˣȻڴǰԶһģȦ۲á
һֱںͱŮ˺ԴֻҪԸһͬˡһм飬ں񲻵ò
ãǲǺǾ͸һᣬһӮһһͬȷʵԳݼ㳡ܷŭ
ЩǺܶ඼Ҫ̫źģ̫ôװƷƣܶǹ֪һǲõǵĴˣ
в˾ͳһĻᣬ̸ܹ̫º֮һ칦磬Ҳ൱ڸ˴˺ᣬΪݼôһ֣㶼û꣬칦磿
ãزȥϵһǡֺͷֻҪܹĿǰͽһ⣬ʲôԸȥǰͷò̫ܲһвҲûϵ
ûи˵ݼ˭Ҷ˵˳ݼͺһ㲻Ҫôô󣿡
ָɸֵĵ̫ܱҪͳݼϡݼ֮ˣƢԴȴһֱ϶ĺ̨Ĺϵġ̫źϣǾں
ָһϲ̫ˣԶͱϡͺúּҵļҵˣ㲻ҲԣֻҪסѾܲˡ
ҲӲܣݼ̫£Ҫһôܣ
ֺǿĽͷҡһߣԼĿѾǸˣ֪ԼʲôҲ֪ʲôʲô
Ӧò͵飬Բ͡ӦóģҲӱܡ
һһʲôǺһҿǱǸŮ˸Իס˫ۣ˵ûҵͲӦߵּ̫Ҷʲôˣ
һһָ֣ըô֮ԺһĿѾǰˡѩһֱϴԣһһ֣һ
ֺü֮ǰָԺһ̬ȵġô˵ֻأһǻǣܹܲӲŰɡ
ְ֣㲻Ҫ͸ˣҾһθĶԡѩ¥ǵرסֱָۡ
һǻǵģһӲֻǹ˾Ӳá
˵ţѩֺգգ۾ָߵɳǰ
Ҳñ˾̩Ǹļţ㲻Ҫٺ͸ˡ
ָ룬Ҳǣѩ˵Ĳ
Ĳѩкܴĸı䣬ѾǰǸƢĴСˡ
رƢĿѾ˺ܶࡣ
ûʲôֻǳ˶ѡѩЦЦָ֪ǰҸ˺ܶ鷳Ժ󲻻ˡ
Ϊ֮Ҫһһı㣬ôܵõ̫šݺͺѩ˵ĲֻԼȨͲ˵ʸ
ҲԱ֤õ̫ԺҲֺܹ̫һϯ֮أԶǸ磬ֻҪһ̫šѩϺ˵ֺһֱƹ̫ţֺԺļ̳̫ţ˵Ļѩˡ
ղллȰְֺ֡Ҳһοؿѩǳˣٲ̫ࡣ
ѩЦЦֱۣҲΪ˹˾ã㲻лңҷֵػ
һΰһȷʵ̫кôѩһ£ٴο˵
ҵĻҿġҺͶʶܶȦˣ˵˵һЩ
װ˵ţʵҪ֤ԼĻᣬһĺˣ»ص̫ŵĻᡣ
ֺЦЦûشҪٿһ¡Ͼѩ̫̫ŵ¡
̰غտһѾģ￪Ĳ١ŷҲôҪȥߵĽ顣
ȥ⣿һ߿˭⺢һڼġ
ȥɢɢ㾹Ȼȥû֮ƣǾҵתע




264 Ԥϰ
 

ཡ
үӺ޲úǶ漸졣ӵ鲻õģүӺϲӣںòиʱͻС֪˳ʲôӡ
һһûκεԥ̵ͷӦȻչ˺ӣȥɡ
һô£̫үүﲻ棿үӶһ߳Ƭһ߲۾ϲôġ
ߣ཰ͷһߣġүЩֵһȦСģ
ǲϲ̫үүǺ̫үүѽСһﲻֻˡ
ҾˣǾȻңҰְȥ棬ȥһ˵߾ˡǲûˡ
ѧӵˣְ裬ҲǼ˾;Щ֡һԭǳүˡ˭үӸְķɻɳȥˡ
Ǳ˵ˣ˵ôأĶġ
ô˵㿴ְõĻҲкôһһܻܵǲǣ鲻ãְִȥҲӦõģҪΪǵĶеġ
үӸϴԣСƨ˲С˼ȴܶడסһõŰ;ô;ôߣԹˮˡ
ཻǲģСһתֺһ
ҲܣҾǲġ˻ȴһ˹ʲô£ôһ߰ɣ
ϵʱһһͣѧ˾ˣ̫ˡ
үͷ˳˴ССƨͦ
ûϵǾͻˣٸǷ⼸̫үүȺúôòð
Сһһú⼸ʣ۾ˣ۾̫үү
ʲô̫үү͸ʲô
Сһﻹǲ˵۾ָһЩ
ʲô̫үү͸ʲôըҲԡ
ɽСһӣĵ˵ˣȻС¥
үӿıӰεЦЦүүСʱһģһôͲְأ̰غСʱôˣ˵ʲôǹԹԻش𣬸ʲôҲԹԵġ
˵ʵүӻϲСһģСһĲСӵϢ
⺢ӻүСʱ򡣡ܼЩݺᣬ˵̰غյİְ֣Զǳ̼ҵʹ
ţܾ飬ˡһһ۵Ķ񣬻и涼
үӵͷЩѹܼʶԼ˵ʲô˵Ļ֮ҲĬĬı죬˵
ɳ̲ķ羰ܺãһܾöûпôķ羰̰غ˵һӦóߵġ
ˮ̰غսϵݸͷһ¡һĽһͥ£Ӱ첻á
ô죿ڳݼķ˿ҧźһţ캰ɱ˳
һҡҡͷҲ֪ô죬ûá罻˺˲ͣ˽
û֤ݣֻƾųݼһ֮ʣ˳ݼķ˿Ҳûš
κСȥˡ̰غһˮӲ
һתͷʲôѾȥʲô
ݼĺ˭ġֺ绰˵ּǱߴϢݼ˺̨ͦӲġ
ּҵȥĻҲƾУпܾˡ
ּǱ߿϶Ϊ˺һôƴȫԣֺŻ顣
ĺ˭ʲôãһûзӦǲ鵽ݼĺ˭Ҳûð
ǲ˼Ҷ˵ʲôģʲôӰ죿
̰غ̾һʱôʱôô
ûѣĺӺпĳмͥ˵ġݼСĻƺһҲܿһЩɡ
һŷӦԭ
ݼɱˣںһڹʱ򣬹ͻȻϢ
һܻңĲ֪ôˡݼһɱ˵ܲ
ɱ𣿡̰غյܶ࣬ϾǾ˺ܶ˵ˡ
һҡҡͷֵ磬ҩѾָˡ
ûͲ¡Ҳ£еǰ취һ
дһ飬ڿҺֺģ˵ֺɧ
ôܣǱóݼĻֺ֪ݼʲôˡ
̰غüһε̫ԾݼдҲûɱҲûһҲ̫˰ɡ




265 
 

Ҫع𣿡һץų̰غյʵˣĺ¡ݼô벻ģˡ˵ʲô־
̰غջûüشεĵ绰ʹ
ܣǵĹƱһֱڵԣһεӰˡһǳ̰غյӣʲôĻϿ϶ܵӰ졣
˶٣
쵽죬ֵˮ˲ڡ
̰غձ˱۾ҪǷǰϡǳҪгҪʱ㣬飬ǳ˵ء
ԭ򡣡
ʲô˵ʲôҪ˸һ˵˵ɱ˳У֮ǰƵ·Ҳ˻
ӣѩϼ˪ǳܵӰ졣̫ŸӲ˵ؿְֺͣˡ
ǳҲܵһĲں΢Ҳ飬ҪôͲҪǳ
ָ˷ˣ˻ʱҪɡ
Ҫ̰غջִ֣κûа취ִֵġ
ҽȥ˵̰غҲε˼
һŵĵͷĺӣȻ֪ԼûƳݼ
ûϵڡ̰غչ˵绰סһ̲ס˳ĴôΪôˣֺ̫ţ̰غգϣк΢巵ǳš
ҸȥҲҪȥôҪȥԣñ˵ǰ
̰غղͬ⣬ڹڵζãȥŶóˡ
ȥҰ鶼ȥڻȥǸ
һҡͷУȥȥĻЩ˸ǻŭڱ˵ϡ
ұȥˣ˵ûֺܵǣĲӱˡԼһԶȹѹء
һô֣̰غҲû˵ʲôֻܵͷӦ
֪Լֲһģǽһȥ2һҲȥһĺȥ
ݼһڲϣȻáڣ֮ǰЩ˶Ѿʼתͷȥһ
ֻҪԹҵĻҾһί
ѩվĲǰӸµĿǺζ졣Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򹴴һģڴӺӶѩϣҲ˿Ƕ̫ŵʹġ
ݼ̵ͷ˵òҲΪܹзĻᡣȻ϶ǶһƬ
ãһʲôģʲôҾʲôɱҲɱǲҪɱһء
ݼЦ棬Ǳϵһʹˡ
ѩĵͷݼĲҲôãĵĲôһ֡
Ҫ֪ҼȻܹҲܹﳹ׹ԨԶǱս͹ҵ飬һһŶ͸¶ȥ
ѩںµľǳ̰غջ鵽ȫȫų̰غǸ
ڳݼĺ̨ѾûˣԷ֪ݼ͵͵ĺӣ϶ҪһϵġڵĳݼֻܽǣƿسݼѩǺĵġ
ݼ˵ʲô˵ϲʶѩ϶˵ʶġ
ͷİɣǾԲ߱ʶ㣬͵ûʶһ
˵ʶᵱе˵ѩһӣԼмںʶ
ϣ˵죬߰ɡ
ѩЩжӹһĵǾͲˡ
ζͷѩһˡ³ݼԼһԼĶӣȥвǸˣû뵽ӾҲôһĲƸ͸
һ͵ɣݼ¶ЦҲһ֮ǰǲģˣΪһôһ粨һ·ôҲˣҵһͿ
ôǸݼϣζ컹ǲģǲݼûп˵Ļᡣ
ݼɱɹˣǺһԶûзĻᡣڣݼɱɹݼţںһ˵ǲеҡܹõĺҵĻôȵ׵˾ǡ
ѩţҡҡͷſҪԺдôءڲſʼûѾѺһƵֵزȥˡ
ѺһƵ˾ϣ̫͵С̫Ĵܲá




266 ع
 

ֺںܵ䣬ԼҲ֪ôᷢչֵزġݼ˭ô֪Щ˾ͰɧŮǵ۵ͷˡ
ΪʲôҪȥɧŮǣëЩǿŮǵģࡣǶʶǣ˵Ƕֶš
ĸ֪ԼĶʲôˣɶסѹֻܷ̫ŵɶ˼ְֺ
ּ̫ͬҶУȻռķݶɹɶĻǵһµģҲ̫ſּһǳŲģЩʹȻݶСôʮŽһķǲò
֮ǰΪֺĺܺãЩ˲ûʲô壬Ҳ̼Һͺμʲôս֣ڼȻѳЩȻסѾǵĵˣôܻסأ
Ե㶫ɣ֪ʲô㲻ԶĻôȥӮһսأĸеģֺϲķ档
ֺ̧ͷ۾һƬãֻĸǰչ¶һ棬ָǰҲչֳһ档
裬ΪʲôҶԸң֮ǰһֱۺܸߵ𣿿Ϊʲôһζϸˡ
ľЦЦݵϡֺͷһ۽ӹһһĳ
ϳݼ־ǹһֱеͨϾΪȻ˵ûɹǱ˲ȥ׷ɱǼٵɱֻܶȥ棬ᱻԻ
ټһЩֻǽйԼȥ٣˼˭˭й˾ˡ
Ϊٻңҽ͵ĻᡣֺЦɵͷûиκν͵Ļᣬ̫ôˣһ⡣ͺ񱳺ʲôƶµķչһ
ҲﲻʲôҪľס񣬲ҪԻ󣬲˵ʲô͵Ÿ١
ֺ˵Щĸγ֪û취ڵξǶֺֻΪ
ֺЦһһ룬ٶһڡ
ôˣĸͷԴ鷢ֺ˺ܶࡣСֺͺŽԿ׳˶񣬱ǸӡʲôʱܵίɣڣôһԩȻǲҲȥܵҪЩʱ仺
ҳԲˡҲ֪һôˣǲҪعǹôңһʲôô죿
һޣ㲻Ե㶫Ȼȥһ½Ҫô
ָһǣĸһֱϲһֺͺһһҲѺһԼĸŮ
ȥĭһȥҲһЩĭǸúӣҪ֪𣿡
ֺһ£һعΪʲôҪع𣿳̰غҲΪʲôҪع
ĭѾҵˣ裬ܴ绰һ𣿡һҪҪ·ɻҪ
绰һʲôӦ·ɻɣûʲôսӵ绰
ֺ˵վױ˳ȥֲýܶ˵ҪȥԭǺһЩô֪һҪأ
ɾڹȥѾˣһѾΧס̰غڻδıҲڱǣʵ̫࣬ôױġ
ںһҪϳʱ򣬲֪Ⱥ˭һװɳӵĿȪˮƿ
̰غĿźһԼǰεʱȺзһл

ɱ˳ҵĺãӦһģã
̰غҲ˵ʲôææİѺһϳ
ȥҽԺЩ˻ŸʲôûһѾ˾ô£
ס˳߲˰Щ˷·֪̰غյͼȻǣְǼҪȥĻǿ϶ˣʱǸӲ
ŸʲôϽо죡̰غռۿ1ôŽţֶڷһĺѾѪ֪ǸȪˮƿôģȻô
Ǿ첻˵Ͻģֲµʱֺž˹
µȫץѾΥΰķɣȨץ˵ġ
ЩһҪץˣܵ̾ˣܵҲץסֺ˵ϵĿȪˮƿ߲ɳӣмʯӣ滹Ѫ
ƿСķźãƿԺдô




267 Ѫ
 

Ϊĳ֣ڿԿһ·ҽԺɱȥֺں߿ųӵֻĬĬһû¡
Ҳ̫˰ɣ໹ûеóȻȥˣʲô᣿
һ֪Բз۵ΪҲԼ׻ʲôӵ磬ΪҰ˵𣿡
ѵ
Ϊֵúܴв˱ʱѺ鱨֮˺ܶ顣
һҲøɣ֮ǰû˵ȫһߵǣ˵ʲôɱ˳
Ϊ˵ˣһ٣ô˵һõת۰ɡ
̰غҽԺżĵţĴӦôӦһģӦԼȻȻһٰӻ
ֺҲ˹֪ΪʲôЩ˺رԺһֺûôģ˵˵ûʵ϶ʲôж
ôˣֺһץס̰غգǷ𣿻ûˣΪʲôҪûиʲô𣿡
ͺ΢巶ȥ϶ûô򵥣һɾǰƵǰ˶áԼ˺
̰غҲҪȥ̫ŵĻһô鵱Уôܵ˺
ҪȥĻôᷢ£̫ΪʲôҪݼŮˣֱɨǣŮûְҵȣŮԣɾΪǵǾͿΪΪֱ˾ö
ҲǣھһһϷһǵȨ֪ж󣬿з˿˷ɣΥͨ򣬷˿Ҳ顣
˵䲻ģܾɱˣ˿ҲǸ˸ɱдɡ
ݼҾģǹزľֻˣﶮʲôżģЩ鲻ܡ
ɾˣֺҲΣкһæĻȷʵһͲᷢ¡ѾˣҲûá
ˣո̫ǶΣ㲻ġ
ǰѺһڹ⣬ҲҪڹ⣬Ͳˡ
˵ҪһУֲ֪ģֵù𣿡һһرˣ˭Ҳ治
˭ǲ˵ļ
ִʱҽ̰߳غǰȥѯҽһ
ӣôˣ
ǺأǻҪ۲죬ҾѪ飬ԺӰļ֮ġ
Ҳ֪Щôµֵģ͵ƾһ˵һ֮ʣôȥΧһŮأ
ΪһҽʵͦʹĵģȷʵǺͿЩ
̰غѾȲҪһȷǷȫ
ѾתעʱԲ˵ĵطҪˮȻӰ˿ϵٶȻסԺһ°ɣеںܶûȷ
һ˾͹ĻͲôءڻʱ̫ãЩѪҺܶѾںһԴѪ顣
̰غյͷȥһûѹ֣ˣͲӦúһҲӦðڹġ
Լչ˺ðɣϻҪء㲻Ҫһ˾ĹȨûˡ
˹Ȩ˵ȨʲôûˣһˣİһҲ֪ô֡
һͻȻ˴򿪣ĭֺͳ̰غյʱЩ˼ĳǵͷ̫ˣԶҲЩ
ҿˣһû°ɣܳᱻѩˣ϶ᱻ˵˲ô࣬һܶæһѾˡ
ôˣ㲻ڹ˾𣿡ֺüȻ˵һε⣬û۵ĭ
ĭڲˣɵ̫ӹ˾ȥܾĸ˼ֺ֪ĸһʲô֪ѩϲĭɡ
ӹ˾ûܲô࣬СҲûжҲţһԳ
ʵѩжţ˾ĸܾѩߣŸɣܶ鶼ûúÿչĭᣬܶ˶Ǹܾͷһ֣ˡ
ֺͷȷʵΪӹ˾ڱУܶ鶼ѾƽܲˡȷʵûʲôǼӹ˾ֻҪά־ӪһЧˡ




268 ɱӺ
 

ĭһڲϵĺһ԰ɫ̫һȷʵ˺ܴ
ҹСƣұæģ˵ûƿۣʵǰﲻʲôæֻһСֵ˰æ˵ٴ·ˡ
ҪһߵСڶӪźýԴҲû취ʹڶŸɣʹڶŸɣҪʧһʾ޿û˻Ǯⲻȥ
ֺͳ̰غյıʾ⣬ǶˣǺܳɹˣ֪ʱøʲôøʲôȷʵÿ˶еʹڶŸɡ
ѾһˡѾаæ˵ˣֺѾˣֻҪ˰˵ǾͿ˺ڵĺڰù͸
ŶˣʱѾȥִЩֻᱻѵΪûץ֣ǺܿҪųˡ
ʱ򷨲ڣ˺ΪѣǾҲ֪ЩĲԣûҵ֣ûҵ֣û취ǵõͷ
֤ݣ֣ǳһҿȪˮƿǸ
ǸȪˮҼˣа취ͨҵ𣿡뵽ֺæѿȪˮƿóݸĭ֪Ϊʲôĭķģһõ
ĭֻȪˮƿ滹մѪʹĵͷԸ⹼ֺκڴ
ҾΪô˵ҲǸˣһҵ͵ֺߣ飬ɵڻһˡҲ֪ܲܳɳԸ˴ϲֵز
ллǡ̰غƽ飬ϵĶǸ
ĭҡҡͷЩΪһҲһ֪ͼ˲ΪһڵǶ侮ʯ˱ᣬܱ
Ҳڰ㣬㲻лңڰһҲڰԼҪ˵ǰҲֻ˳ĶѡֺӲûͳ̰غ¡
̰غջǶǾϹǸͦлֺĭģȻ˵ƽʱǵĹϵôĺãȴվһ𲢼ս
ҷһ⣬֪ûз֡վŮԵĽǶ˼ģһԹߵĽǶȡ
ĭЩˣվţùɳ
ʲô㾡˵
ֺͳ̰غֻͬҪܹҵͻƿڣʲôԸⳢԡ
ѵһһĺð취Ҿõ֮ӦҵǸˣ
Դ֮ĭһֱףΪʲôһݼȻôĲһǶѣǹ⻷ҲͬʱôҴΣ
ңΪݼһǫˣȦ˲ٵˣٶԼҵķ˿ڶûôô
ΪʲôЩ˵ǷȥأСҲ˵󣬿СҲ벻Ҳ鲻Ϊʲô
仰˼ǡֺ̫ףҲʲôʱĭѾôˣ
ڱͨݼ֧ƴȻѳϳܣ̫ţǳŶǣ˽ȥڴҵעڳݼɱԼĺӵ˭ϣûΪʲôݼҪôǵΪȶ𣿻˵ڱ
ĭԽԽòԾֺˣΪѩڣûлֺǳѩעܳġ
֮˭󣿲֪ΪʲôҾȻỳѩС㣬ҵֱңһйϵ
ܣ˵̷ֺãѩѩѾǰǸֻµѩˡ
úõģǰʱ˵˵ҪһȰҰְ˵һڰ̫š
ãѾˣѩͺСʱһ˺ܶ˾⣬˵Ҫʲô˾ĿܹҪʵȨ
ѩôɣ
ĭЦЦЩɬֺǲԸûϵ̰غջŵġ
֪Сܵã֪⼸ѩСһֱӹ˾ż
ûĻΪʲôһֱӹ˾ڼܲأѩԸõ̩ŵĹȨһиƫƫܵӹ˾
ûȥӹ˾ܾ֮ǰֻ飬һŵĴܲΪʲôôأѵǵĲϲҪܹȥΪ𣿶һ̫ţΣʱҪָȥΪҡĲú𣿡




269 
 

ֺͬĭĻѩѾǸѩˣԸãųôܻڱͱһأ̰غȴһĭĻģϸһȷʵֻѩǵõ洦ˡ
̰غգ֪òôĻġ֮ǰʲô£Ǻ޴ԣôô᲼֣ôˣĻ
ˣĻζ컹𣿡ѩûеôĵĻͷȷʵûôʹԴͺζһ֮󣬺ζĶȥˡ
ǶҪﳳˣʲôԺ˵ڵ֮Ȱҳ鷳ˡ
һڲϣҲǸѺһ˵ˣ̰غⱲӶԭԼûпգֺֻܰĭǰæ
ĭֺҲʶڻеĲȷʵǲ̫˼ִ̫ࡣ
ҽԺֺһץסĭ֣ߡĭǰĭˣǰĭɽôˣ
ܲңҲûа취ҿԸ㣬þ⡣ʵѩûʵĺֻǲԸȥϣҲԸȥʵѡ
ĭ˾ˣӦõõͷܶԷѩҲãֺֻҪ¾ͱҪõͷ
ò̫ˡǰΨǴӣֺѾϰĭɵվԼߣԶͷ˵õӡ
ĭЦһΪ֮ǰֺҪʲôҲûлܹﵽֺֻҪվֺʱ򣬹ԹԵȥĻİžͺá
ֺѾû̫ŵʵȨĭ֪̫żѩϵĻ綼ƲǲƲҲּҵ̫ţǱ˺μҵ̫ţ׼ȷ˵ӦǺζ̫š
ܲҵģҲѾˡһҪôÿ˼ǲжģֻǷֹ˾һССܾʱ̱˼ţʵʲô¡
˵ĭͷһֺԼ֣⻹ֺ1κôܵĽӴȻܿ죬ĭǼᶨԼͺһվһ𣬶ѩԶ䡣
Ǹҳ嶯ˡֺӦɿ֣ӦĭġĭһģһֱĹ
֪˶ãһŴӻѹֻǵԼ˯֮ǰҺһƬܶ˶˵Ҫȥ
ҲǵãҪϳˡɲ֪˭ʲôһ£ٺһڣ˯ȥˡ
ûоﲻ̰غһһҹ粽šºһѹʱ򣬵һʱҲ
һų̰غգ۾ȥЩǱӦûϢõԵʣˡ
һȥˣȻ֪ʲôʱ򣬲׵ʹ˵Ӧòᡣ
̰غհιˮȡһոѹʱѾҽˣҽһͻ顣
һһҹˣҽ˵㱻ҵеأҪסԺ죬һûиལİɡ
֪ѾϬˣǲöԷڣҲ֪ԷڵʲôҲ֪ҪôţŻöԷѹ֮ôġ
ãҪ֪Ļ޵ġһϲľཿޣһޣʲô޶ûˡ
ǻʱҲûиལСһﻹΪڹɡսûӵСһǺһοĵطˡ
ѧУǱҲкˣʱʱȥүڼѧΧ塣
СһҲϲѧֶСůȥǱ棬Сһﲢûʲôġ
һͷȵе鶼ˣСһҲ٣ʱ̰ɡ
𣿡ҽڹҽĺͼǡҪһԴﵽûѪĴڣҲҪָΣܾҪҪǳԺ
ҽڵʲôΪʲôһҪסԺôʱ䣬סԺЩһ̶ˣһϺ̫ŻǳžͻܵӰ졣
ڳݼǱߣȥ̸̸
ǱҵģǶ˿ۡһҪȥһ飬ԴûѪҪѪĻ鷳һ㣬ҪûѪͿԳԺˡ
ҽҲ֪ڲ̫ʺסҽԺҲãҽԺܰȫЩҲҪ¥µıͬͬ⡣
ǳ˱ķߣҲܳƲ˺Ͳ˼ǵķߡ




270 ˳г
 

һҽļ飬ֻǺҽǵĵһһԴѪĴڡ
ĻֻסԺˡģҽԺܰȫЩ˽ԴѪ飬óȻԺĻʲô䣬ʱֻѴ
̰غһĶһ飬ûкúñúһŻܵ˺Ҳڵʱ£Ҫȫıһ˻ͦѵġ
һ̫̫ңһ̰غԼοǿҪϳĺһء
ѪҪʲôʱſܹһ𣿡һ̫ļˣ뿪ʼȥЩ飬һ̶ٵȥ۳̰غպͳϡ
ϻҪ򿪹гǳϵֵˮȥô򿪹гƹгķݶҪСһɡ
ΪһˣϺ̫ŶܵôصĴ˵ĻⱲӶԭԼġ
û취֪飬ĽЩҪĶˡСгԴﲻǳֱϻ˵ҪĲλ֪ԴѪζʲôζʱضԣصĻӰļӰ쵽ߡ
ɴСҽıҲйٵĲˣΪע⵼ʧȻ˵ǶԵģԤĻﲻԤأһЩΪעѪ⣬ʧȥ䡣ֶ˵ˣ˭ָ֪ܻܲأ
̰غշźһ㲻̫żһлң㼱Ҳκ鶼ҪʱģȺú˵
ѾκˣֻҪץǸ֣ǸָͷˣЩ˲ôҲܰһʱ䡣
ٵĻʲôʱסԺǲȥҪЩ飬סԺ̫õĻҲǻỳɵġ
ȹ۲켸˵ɡҽΣЩôԼأЩҽİǵıԼҪ
һòסҽԺＸ죬̰غռסҽԺһҪȥ˾ĻͲȥ˾
κڻ԰ѳһʱ䣬ǳ̰غղҸߺһǳϴ򿪹гעʧܵģǲɹ
һˣô껹һ㾭ģȻҶ˵ȣɳ̰غƵģôҲȲɹˡ
ǳڵǼҪڹгУֻĸ
ǾŬôĽ˵Ļ᲻̫˺ˣ
βر̰غյڳ̰غվȻֹͣһйڽгĻˡ
ڹһ꣬ΪľǽܹɹгѾһˣѾɹһˣΪʲôҪ˳˵ټһ£ټһ¾һתġ
εļ򣺡һܵģ˵ĲѾûŬıҪˣڵҪгĻֻп𡣡
Ļʱǵʽ⣬Ǿֻңһ񣬳ϼžҪƲ
̰غպοĵͷô꣬ежû뵽ʱΣû
ʱгɾ˸ںõĿһ£ΪԺܻлᣬһʱ
гﲻܣϢһгǸȥҪȥġ
ԥһ£̰ͬغյǶԵģӦþǶԵˡ
㣬㲻ҪȥˣεķհƢЩ꣬ڶѾֹͣͨһˣۿԼȶһһ½ǿ
ǣҪûȶȵĻǻʲôأżҲûа취Ϊѩϲȥ
㵽жôǿƣֻ֪ĻԺѩĲһֻҡ
㶮ʲôѩЩĻͷһ䣺ڲ֪̰غ᲻ϵҪǲϵĻ˵ܲ
հΪȻϵ飬ǺѩǸ˵ٶ࣬Ҳ֪ѩϵ˵ʲô
ҪʲôǺ𣿻˳г̰غտǸ꾫ôϵҪôϵĻҲһֱڹһҶ
ҪгǲġֻнгҲл֣ԸϣҳֶԸвŻʤϣ
̰غ˵Ļѩһıǳֺˡ




271 ԺҪټ
 

гʲô㲻Ҳг𣿡հˣҪǳҲгҺͳϾӪķΧǲһģͬ͵Ĺ˾ǻǺʲô£
ѩϵһۣƽǽ࿴ҵ͵飬ƫɣǵȥʲôǣѼһжڣһ֪ģˡ
Ҫ˼ҳ̰غյһ룬Ҫ˵һˣ1/10Ҿͺˡʱ䣬һҪȥұգҺ˵Գȥˣٳȥ
˵꺫ѩҲհˣԼİϸ߸ЬŵŵŵسţǲģҪȥȷһ³̰غյûǵȦס
̰غȻûǵȫףհ˵̰غǸϺ̳꣬Ǹ꾫ûܹȦ׵ģȦף̰غҲСƹȥ
һסҽԺ̰غԲҽԺĻʳصػؼҸһЩƽȽϲԵС˸ȥ
ŽţͿһڴһҲġ̰غ̷еķˣ߹ȥڻ
ôˣȥĲɵģ𣿡һ⸱ӣ۾Σôúõģñ˺
ҶѾ˵ˣ㲻ˡһܵ䣬ոȥ䣬ԼһĴҲɢɢˡ
·ֿʱ鵽˵ӻϵţҲ֪̰غѾ˳г
Ҷ˵ҵӺһôôҵӡڽܲɷõʱ̰غ˵ģԽ˵һԽΡ
ع֮ߵ˾һֱûʲôڵĺһѾʼԼˣǲǾͲӦûعҪعĻ˵Ҳᷢô顣
̰غյһһô֪ģ˵ò֪ѵ˵©
ô֪ģ
ҽԺô࣬㲻֪ҲѡڵӿƼôϢҲô֪ʲô
ҵĴźŬôõĽͨͨϡ
ҲΪΪʲôʧԭ׼ȷ˵һʧ䣬
ʲôʲôϵĭ˵ĲҪѱǸ˸ҳǸ˿һ׺尡
֪Ϊʲô̰غգԽԽĭ˵ĻˣѾصѩϣܹЩʲô
ǳ̰غ˵һûġе˶˵ûйϵǺйϵġ
һҲû˵ֻĬĬķ֪ڼʲô
ݼڿ˵Ǵ⣬˭벻ôһɱϷ˴֡ڣͣĽܲɷãͣЩĿ˵һôģֺģ˵б۵ģ·һ
ʵ֪ģһϲңΪֺ˼Եʡ
ݼҲһ˲ţôľͷҲıôʵĹ
ʵЩŮͻһԼǸһ𣬿Ҳ׼Ǹ˶Ա˼ܺһ˰ɣŻں̨ôΪҡҲΪһ֮²Ÿĵ·
Ҳ֪ǲȸдǫ̃ʣڴӳݼ˵ģܺߣ˶ǼӺߡ
˵˵ţݼͻȻԼĶӣ޵˺ѷΣ˿˼Լ
ǲϣ̫ˣ֪ƭ˷˿һҵĲԡɺ޹ģһ۾ӶǺӵĿΪʲôҪΪʲôúðá
ݼ޵ļҪʹȥҲǿ޵ģôĵķϣǲԸŹ
ϧûпڱķϱߵĳݼЦ棬͸ղǸھͷǰ޵˺ѷΣʹĳݼȫȫˡ
һӿԻôණҲۡ
ݼṴվһߣֱĸ߹ʱ̰Ϊһ仰ΪɱһӰѳ̰غպֺô˱˳ѹһһôֵõġ
ҲѩļƲߺãѩڱıߣ֪Ҫôء
ݼ㣬ԺҪٽĲɷ˰ɣʿɶֹɣΨΨŵŵĿڣֲɷ̫ܵĻ˵һ¡Ȼ˵ѣ綼¶ġ
ݼһۣ˾Ƕ֪࣬ʲô֪˼ҿĵʱˮ
ҲҾҪǶŪѩҽܵĲɷãҶҪܣҲμӵҲμӡ




272 Ǹϳȥ
 

ݼ½½μ˺ܶɷãÿһɷﶼ޵ò֪һʼǻͦġ֪˵ˣǳ̰غǳ֣ԽԽ˵ǵɩ
ȷʵǵɩҪǳݼ˲ִ֪硣ʲôĿҪԼν˰˿
ʱһЩսĿҪΪչĸûչķ˿蹷һȥҧ˼ҡ
ڣݼѾԼ·ٴˣȴ֪ѩ֪ʱĲûֱȥûô޴ˣ·Ѿ̺ȴߣǸ
ѩĲУһֱ̫ĻŻŵġ̫ҲʼֺڵʱֺڵʱûкǷ𣬿ѩһŶأǷ
ƢҲˣҪҲ֪ΪʲôƢҲܸ̫ʲôôӵ
⼸ѩѾǵ̫˵ĲЩҲп˵Ͼѩ̫ŵǧ˵ʲôأ
˺ˣһ°ɣľҲڣ˵Ҳû
˵ĭͦҵģѾȥӹ˾ܾˣȴҪѩš
˵ĭˮһƬ̾Ҳ֪ĭôˣԸܹӹ˾ȥȵֺٻһоͻˡ
ѩŲˮĶԻܲͷôˣǼҵĹ˾ʸ
ǲȥˣ𣿡ѩһ̲סĴܽȥǳ⡣
ȥֱ˵ˣԺ˵һ
ҲûҪװȥˣǰǸԹŮѩѾˣڵûҪԶһЦ
Ȼ벻ѩȻ֣һ뺮֨
ѩ߽ȥЩˡ
ͶͬڣڲǴǵҪٷֵ2ξҪΥԼҲҪͳͳ
Щֺˣ綼Ҫ߳ȥģ߳ȥܲԶֺѩ
Ǽһ仰˵ĭڣҪĭڵĻǻԶĭҪǰкһ⣬ڹ˾˵ϻĶѾɳȥҪôѾˡ
֪ˡ
²òͷҲǰƣȻ붼ûˡ
⸱ΨΨŵŵӣѩ˼ˣرϲȺ˶ȴֲ˵Ǳģ
ѽҲҪ˼ҵĻҪһ˾ҪľģҪ粻Զȡλá
ֺڹ˾ôЩ겻ǿһȺԱǵİһһεĶɹѹ
ζ֪ѩڶƿػܺãҲƿع˾Ӳ˾ļɡ˵ѩڹ˾񣬻˵Ǻζڹ
ѩЩźζ죬ЩίⲻҲż𣿡
òײŰ̫õ֣ڿɲܱ˵ô䣬Ȼȫ˾һ𷴶ˡڵ̫Ŷ˵ʵ̫ҪܵģЩֺйϵģ˵ϵȽϺõĲ£һһ
ǳ̰غոյ̰غܲõʱҲѲүӵһһˣе˶ģΪʲô
һһ˵Ĳֵ
żһ²ҪҪģԺʲôȸ˵һٸ𣿡
ζĶͷ̫ŵ֮ףǱҪúϧ
ѩͷðɣҲֻζˡ
ˣһûأںǸ黹ϵ𣿡֮ǰǸ飬ѩ֪Ϊʲôܽ¡
˵ʲôԴҴӦһ֮󣬾ûкйϵˡ
ѩ׷˺ʮˣζ쵱ȻǲΪһССͱԼϲôõˡ
ô˵ѩԷ
㲻ܹУΪ֪˲ôǵġڶԳ̰غЩһ
ζʾ⣬֪ѩ˼Ҳ֪ڵʲô
˵ЩܶǱڲʱ򣬹ԣ˵ڵһӣЩȫϳ˾
ζҲڲ֪ԭ̫Ȼֺôˣֲֺ̫λôȹ̣ǰϼһ붯ҲҶɡ
һֱڹ˾ѩļƻ綼֣̫Σˡ




273 
 

һһֳ̰غֲˡҲŷ֣ԭ̰غôæôæˣΪʲôҪأ
ӴںһˣڴţҪôڹҡҪôȥ԰ɢɢɹɹ̫
Ҳǳ̰غڼƻˣڶһҡ˹֮ĺһȷʵǶһȥ˺ܶƷΪ˴ʱ䣬Ϊ˽ƣҲΪԼƽ
ڱѽEricڵǲæԴӺһҽԺԺҲͷľһܡһԼغ΢и罻ƽ̨ϣԼһҪվںһһġ
ERIC쵽ڣʵѾԼķ˿ѷۻ˵ܻ·ԵӰԺܶ࣬Ҳĸ
˵ˣeric˵ֻһһȣֲ˵һҪվӡ
ڻ԰أEricҪȥ𣿡Ȼôʣ֪ericһǻȥһġ
һ鲻ã̰غյҲŲãϹ˾ܶҪæӶҲͦĺһ״ġ
һʼ̰غŰСһӻ֣û뵽һܾˡ˵ҪȼٰСһӻǲСһ￴⸱ģɡ
ERICͷ԰߹ȥȻŽ԰ſڣͿһڻ£˫ڷ
һ㶼һǰĺһȥĶǷ㣬ھͺϵĹһӶϨˡ
ǰ̫̫𣿡Ҫôɹ̫Ҫôڴϣǹġ
һ̧ͷһôˡ
ERICǹǰϹΣЩˡҲ֪Ϊʲôǹ˾ô٣ǹ˾׬ǮһҡǮôʱļٸ
㿴ȥǺܻӭҵӣ˵Ҫӭҵ𣿡
йż찡Լĺʵġ
ERICؿڣһƬʹģһһۡ
û飬㲻ŬĶЦЦôЦе鶼ģһ޴֣ѵȥ𣿵ȷ粨ٳһҡҡͷˣһҪһԼһס
ERICйˣôˣÿһ춼ŬЦɾôŬһǲЦʶĺһͲһˡ
ĺܷǹҲЩ飬Լһ׵ĻһеȤЦ˵ôЦó
˵ericǸӣûнû顣
ERICļ򣺡Ĳ֪ܰЩʲôȻ㣬ɴҲ㰡㣬ҲĻͺðˡ
ڹѻһֱѰϹţ˹Ϊ֮붼϶˹ģһͳ̰غնǲ׵ؿԵԭΪϣһܹݺݵĴǵ
Ǿ취ǣ԰ſͻȻһһericȥȻֺ
ôˣʲôð취𣿡
ֺ߽ҲڼƻˣȻûЩ˿ȥΧ׷½ɼҲ˵ҪšϾƫ̫࣬һһô죿
ڼôЩֺ֮ôҲȥˣԴУҲˡ
رÿһοݼЩɷýĿսĿ϶˵һĲǵʱøĶԲһ
㲻һҲˣҲһ˾鲻ܣ׼ȷ˵ǲ׼֡ڼ˵٣飬ܲҲơ
ǹ˾ż٣һûӰ߳ء˵Ӱ뵽ǸjasonEricЩ
Ǹ˲Ѿ㻹ԭʲôӰԺ˿׼һˣҪôֱӺҪ̫߱Լ顣
ֺһ㶼һڡ
ⲻԭԭµ⣬һˣô꣬˲սôͻȻ㣬һҪ㣬ô߳𣿡
ERICһӾ߳ġ
˵㻻λ˼һ£Ҫ۰㱳ͱһô߳𣿡
ERICĻһֺɫ̱ѿ
ãJacksonһôô˵ѩĻ
ѾĺˣǶԴѩ֮һֱֵͦģһθ̰غ͹⣬ûʲô飬Щ˾Ͳԭ𣿸ﻹ˼ҵıӲţ




274 
 

ֻǴȷõôǹҲģ̫˳ܵģ
EricЩί˵ʲô𣿲Ǵ˸ȷֺõīһ
ֺôһ˵ҲøղԼ̫ƫ
ǸղƫˡֻǲѩǰǸѩǼҺòײŻָֺͺ״̬ȥƻˡ
ERICڰ֣дŲֺһƽϡ
ҪĻͳȥɡһڣûġ
ҲǹܵģһȤһ𣿡
ܲԴаɣ˿ͬһϵˣȻҪŽụȥҳҲԼһס
һһ㶣Ҫô
ʲô
ȻǸԼһסֺһҲϲԺڴǰɣǲΪԼ룬ҲΪġ
ȥѧУҲǰ취ԺȥѧУĻҪ˵׻ûбཾԶǱ˿еɱ˷Ķӡ
Ҫôһ붼̴Ӧ̫õˡ
ʱ֤Щ鶼ģô̰غվͲܵӰ죬ҲܵӰ죬̫ŸӲܵӰ죬һжص
ERIC̫ˣǲǷҪھҪȥ߱ⲻģʱܻ֤һеġ
رǺһھͲţҪȥĻǲеİɡ
eric㲻֪һҡͷֻ֤ԼףҪٸغմκεţΪһε飬Ѿðٺǹ˾ڹУѾˡ
ȥûڳ̰غߴȥ
ֺɫ΢΢ԭ´ˣһҪģǳ̰غղӰ졣ų̰غգʱʱ̰̿ڵһλ
ȷʵǸ⣬ðɣҪʲô
Eric̯˫֣ҲûʲôǴֻǿԵġ
ӶЦܿͻһжģֻҪŬŽһ¡
ܲã»Ǳ˹ˡó̰غհ칫ҵţЩĻǻô㶼㲻
׼õϣ׼𣿡̰غɫ˶»ʲôµģ˰ֺ͹ֵ̾˹̰غҲܵ
εͷϵݸ̰غս飬϶Ҫɺõġ
߰ɡȥһǰͷʲôԸ
ټĻ̰غպһɶԶ
ɶǿ̰غɫ˪ǲڵĿûиոʱơ
غʧԶӭλ岮Ҫһ岮ΪϣҲڳϴô꣬Ȼ̰غԴһ߳ɶˡ
ﻹԶӭ㲻ѹ˾壬⼸ͷӶոˡ
üͷ˵ʲô˵Եǳ̰غգϼܹн𣿲ܰɣһֻ˵˵ѣҲûΪ˾ʲô
ܲڣϼһ塣治ɫ۸̰غգҲÿ𲻴Ӧ˵
㲻һһΪжȨΪǸأ˵ķ𣿡
һɶǽҪ̰غոһ˵ġڳ̰غǰʲô£
ϣǳڿô࣬ͷﱾôһ˵߳ŭҲеġ
ֻʵʵ˵ûгĳܣǳ̰غյŬͷнķֺ
¡̰غΣú˵̫࣬˼Ҳ˼ֻҪһ˵
ڳٵһãǲġ⼸켸˯ڹ˾ˣΪĲǽЩЩͷܲܲ鷳
Щɶ˽̫ų̰غ˵Ļ
ʲôǲòģΪϾ͵ճҲλ
ϼţֻǳ̼ռķݶһЩЩɶ˵Ȩġ
ҵԸֻճ̣Ը𣿡Ϊ˹㣬̰غѾֹһε˵ϹǵĹɷݣûһԸش߼ۣЩҲ޶ԣҲǳ̰غհѹ˾չôã˾ֵĿܡôܻŹһûء
⻰ʲô˼Ӳ뵱꽨ϵʱҲһģ
ɶŭЩ̰غԽԽǵһ¡ŵӣڳ̰غտǡЦѣͺͿСһĺ޲
Ҳϸҡֲ˵Ǯǲ




275 չɷ
 

ΪʲôҪ㣿⹫˾Ҳһ㽨ģЩϹɶȻûйͣҲпͰɣ
㲻ҪΪڳӲ˾ͿʼչǵĹɷݣǶġ
û뵽˾Ȼĸ꣬һɼͿʼţֲЩɶһֱںз֣ôнĳɼ
Ϲɶ԰˵ţȻҲΪάԼ棬ڹ˾ķչպҲķֺ졣
ǣ̲סһЦ̰غֻޱȷ̡
ЩϹͷֻҪǰúõһˮˣȴƫƫԼ˵˸Уӻϡ
ʲô˼ƲЩԪ𣿡һɶ͵һӣҲǷ߷ߵ˵š
̰غЩһЩɼҲЩɶ֮ҪĻҲ֪ͨ
ȻĻͱҲˣѾ˵ļǮԼȻĻˣʱңҲֻ͵ļ۸񡣡
ƣﶼʮ
ҲǽǰõϷϣַÿһ˵С
ŰɵĽϴ򿪣ٿһһ¼󣬹ɶǵɫҲͻȻ䡣
͵ĽļϣҲֺõЦݡ
ʲô˵ϾôҲ໥֣ҲѾʹˣʱԼλóҲλˡ
ǰԺ˵磬ЩϹͷֻˣغգɷҲ͸ˣҲûκڼǮո˵ľͺá
Ҳһ˲Ĺ򣬹ɶǵɫ̬˲˸ı䣬ٲǸŰģ
̰غնЩ⣬ǰЩ̰ĵʱû취ȷء
ȻĻ鷳ǼλһȥֱӽԼĹɷݽύ˵ģʹҲȷӦλˡ
̰غ˿Էκ棬ôһ仰Ҳٵȥ
˾飬κζԷͱˣȻĻݹ
Ҳû뵽һϰ徹˾飬Ҳͬ顣
Σһҵİ칫ңһЩҪԸ㡣ۿżɶȥ˵ҲŵЦݡ
ôٽҪʲô飬ûа۵ˡ
ǡαϹϾ˵ţȴҲβסǷأҪ֪⼸λ¿һֱڰˮжܡ
Ҫ׵飬һЩѣû뵽ƫƫϰ巢ˡ
칫ڣ̰غﲻ
Ūô춯һٵķ粨ҲһҪƽС
ôʱһֱңȻҲһұۡ
ΣôһֱҵԣҶҲʮֵΣҲóЩ϶Ҳڿıңǰ׼½վҪһ
ʵ˵ţ̰غյҲûκε֮
ֻǾıߵݣҲûзκεۡ
̰غÿһ¶ԼĵҪ׵Ľи棬»һЩѡ
ϣܹһֱҵԵҵұۣȻҲϣʱܹͦȻôҲ㵱ҵֵܿ
̰غսѹѾõڴ˿̽˱һ˲ΪҪġ
ϰģģֻҪ˵Ļȫʵ
΢΢ĵʹͷ˵֮ҲЩĸУ˱΢һݣܵõʶͿ֤Էȷһı졣
뿪Һ󼸸϶ҲѸٵȥ˲񲿣û뵽쵽ľԭĹɷݡ
ô£չô£ǲ˴󣿻˵˽ǵǮ
ͱ˵˵ţ֮ҲЩĲ¼ɡ
ͲеЩɷݣļǮ޷
ģոճҲзԸ֮ǰڹ˾̵ˮԶԶֹڴˣڼȻһǮƣ˵յϣҪĻҲѵĻ˾
ʵĽֻϧ֮ммǶѾǹ˾Ķˣȴƫƫڰˮڱָϳ˾˻ҪǮ
㡭»˵ЩʲôȴζһסˣķʽǽнͿˡ
εķһ̾Ϣȴ˵ţӶԷҲĵģҪЩϹɶϳȥ
ڷȻҲǶֶģܹõǮѾʵˡ
֮ǰڹ˾̵ˮȻԶԶֹڴˣҲЩǮɡ
Σ㵽ô£֪֪ǵĹɷݣȥҲ׬һǮ




276 Ů
 

Ѳûп̰غһ¶˾ҪǵĹɷݽչʱ򲻽պҪ۶һЩˡ
ζ²ͣĽŽͣԼԵ⼸飬ֻһЩա
һֻ֪ע棬ȴûкúõĿǹ̰֮ɵĺ
ô˵ĻôҲ߱ˣԼ̫𣿡
һЩ⣬ĥĥĻҲЩС
˼ɣڻǸϽصкúõϢһ£ǵǮƽתƣԲټһЩղơ
ĵĽѣζҲϽصԼļУʲתơ
̰غտԼµĹɷݣҲֻЦţЩϹͷЭˣȻҲ͵ļ۸չһ¡
ϰ壬ڹ˾󲿷ֹɷݶ£ôţѾǩõĹɷת飬ҲԵЩǡ
˾ʱûʲôˣڸϽѺһ鴦һ°ɣܲһֱȥ
뵽飬ƢʼһЩ꣬һֱԻûһ˲Լ˫ۣӻһʱ֮һЩãȻأ
ˣ̩ŵֺںͷ̸ƺͻȻʲôҲæŲ䡣
ˣһҲһ£ϾΪֺȥһҽг̱ЩʲôǾæȽϺá
Щʹļ˵üͷҲ΢壬̫ˣһЩ͸֧
һֺҲڲͣżƻֻϧɶͷԡ
˵һССģرôһıǲ˭ڳıߣҲһֱ⣬Ҹоƾ̾ļƻ
һ֧°ͣ˼˵ţ֪ΪʲôǾŮ˵ıҲһǿļƻŶӡ
ֺüͷ΢壬ҲԾĭĻǲԼ飬Ϊʵڲпᣬȥԡ
Ericվ˵ۣҲǾѡ񣬱ݡ
˵׶˵Щʲô֪Ļȥѽʲôá
ΪһֱкEricֱӾͽԼ뷨˵˳û뵽⵽˵İۡ
ɵʱһȥĻָֻۣܵһЩвԾܳȥҪҲֻȥ
ֺĵĽţûΪԷ֪κβõ뷨Ͼڶվͳһսϡ
Ȼô˵һֱȥҲǸ취ܲԴаɣڰԼװһ˵ݣҲ˵Ĺעٵ˶վͬĽǶȣЩ˿ҲѾʧȥǡ
һ˿̵ҲѾ侲ǵؽŷ
ҲڲμӸָĻɶңȻĻҲԴһơ
ֶһ˾Ѿüֲˣοǻֺ֮Ҳ˲˵ķС
ˣǿ쿴ӣ˵һȤĻ档Ericԭֻȴڴ˿ͻȻУ֮Ҳǻ֡
ǵô˵ӣû뵽ľǳ
˿̵ڲͣĽѯʣأҲЩبŲĻ
֪ȻֻһССģأҲԼУֺϲҲܹƵģǺһ˺ҵĺӾĲԡ
˵ţһ滨ӳǰֻϧѾ̫İ汾ֻһЩȤˡ
̨µĹҲһЩڴҲе˾׼Լۡ
쿴кܶҪԼĿȻĻ֪СԸԸһЩЩ˵ġ
˵ţͲҲѾŵ˳ߡ
ԽĳҲûпֱ̫࣬Ӿ͵˵ͷû뵽һ긾Ůվ
ȻĻҽͷһԼĿĺûĺģΪʲôÿһ춼ýǰͣĿԼıأ
긾Ů׼Ҫֱӽһۡ
ģҲһʱˣһʼȷһЩϧû뵽ʱ䳤⸱ģÿﶼҡ
һʱ֮һЩƺû뵽Էͻȡʵķʽ
ҲѸٵĽŵͣΪľǷֳֹһЩϢҵ״
ҽҲֻǶԵյһɷãûбҪõģҳСڵһЩܲμǵĲɷãѾܲˡ
һ˵ţһʾ⣬Աߵļ߸ϽͷŤתתƵ档
ֻϧΪֱֳԵʣ˶Ѿһ棬Ҳ˶չ˻⡣




277 µļƻ
 

λһ˵ҲŷӦ⼸λСһֱڿԼĲ¡
ɲһͷеֻϧϵĺڷ̫ˣһʱ֮Ҳ˵һվ˵ˡ
ǲԼ߻һֻΪ˶һЩǮܵĻΪʲôÿһ춼ڲμŸָĲɷá
ϸָķ˿ҲڷԼۣҲһЩѾõˣѾõ۽˷
СʱĹԭһֱܺߵλĳ˲ܵ˵ʺӰ졣
ֳأҲѾȻˣвٵĹڶѾ
鷳С㣬ǽһµô£ܣΪʲôҪָܸĲɷãĽԼϵ˿أ
ǰС㣬ĻشһЩڵ⣬ҼҺҲķ˿Ϊÿһ춼ʼһЩƣܲһֱȥɡ
̨´˷ҲѾ̨ϵ˶ʼһЩ޴롣
ƺҲû뵽һĹ򣬳ͻʧأҲѸٵӰʦڻųȥ
ڿŵѩڷһҲֻЦţһʼ;ǸŮˣҪˣһЩСû뵽ʳˡ
ֻϧװ׵һӣҲǿϧˣǲ֪պԷܲټڲˡ
ڻصϺҲǷŭĽˤ컹ǰյĽʵʱôͻȻ飬Ѳ⵷
ɺһûκεĻᣬ˭
ѲѩԲܣ֮ǰͳһսߣԲھͳ˱˴ˡ
ɳ֮Ҳ벻ˣûκεĶˡ
еļƻ޷죬κεͷɽƫƫôվѲˮ
ȿˮɣ㡣ŵϵƬҲԵЩ־壬ֻϧӲͷƤȥˮ
Ϊʲôû鲻𣿸ϽҪԶԶҪʱŭҡ
һѽеĲڵϣ˲ͳһصĲƬ
ǡΡΡĽŻӦҲѸٵС뿪Ҳ˸ոյıӵĵ黹Ƿ
һʼ˵öԷʿɶֹƫƫһ̰ģںˣˡ
زͨѩĵ绰ڵ绰ͨһɲǣ˵Ҳº˲١
ҲˣϽ뾿ôźãԲټȥˣеļƻʧˡ
˵άݸֻ߰ϧ֮ȴЩı΢
û취ֻѩſԽ˳ĽԼĻ³ٳٶн෴ὫԼ뵽ء
֪ˣһʼʲôȥˣҶѾȷĸ߹㣬Ҫ̰ģ˭㾹ȻжĻȫ˹ȥô죿Լ飬ΪʲôҪһֱء
ѩµ˵ţ֮вҪöԷʶԼݾжôı΢ֻһŲ
ˣС㣬ҲֻܹˣͼȥҵˣѾ֮ڵˡ
ŵ绰ĻѩԸоԷǷݿ󣬱ҲֻװΪѵӴӦ
һδӦ֮㲻Ҫټҵ׬ǮˣϾֻΪ˸ԼӮȡ棬ڹ˼ЩӬͷСֻʧȥĲƸ
ѩҲ֪ԼǴӺζЩģֻ֪Ůһſõӡ
ȻĻôڵӦôźãѲһɱϷ𣿿Ļ᲻һЩ٣һҪ˸ô죿
ੲݵĽѯʣ˾ʼЩҪʲô飬
ѩڵ绰һͷҲʮΣһ˻ǳɲʲôѹֱ
ҪľǰڼҴţǧҪ¶κεš
ôһ仰ѩҲٵĹҶ˵绰վԲټϵˣֻһЩ顣
ȺҲѾ黳ɵϣõҲһҪ͸ùϵУ˵޻˵ĳ̶ȡ
ѾڵĻֻĽֻŵһԣҲֻ䰲ˣʣµĻԲټˡ
õ棬ֻȾ䣬ʣµĻʱԵĽɡ
̰غҲõİ취е顣
Σȥһѩͨ¼סԽϸԽãڳ鷢֮һ׶εļ¼ȫҪ
̰غտеƽҲһЦ޷ļƻҲվ¶һЩš
ǸոͻȻ뵽⣬һʱ䣬ᷴӦ




278 þ۲
 

ڹҶϵ绰ѩҲѸٵĴͷϵ飬ôԲΪһģضӰռƻ
ôˣҸոտһϵۣǺܺãòȽһѹƣõȴһʵС
ζվеؽѯʣ֮Ҳһǰơ
ʱȲҪЩдҲҪʶԼһξ˶Ļ
ѩ˵ţһһε飬ֻõԽԽꡣ
ǸŮ˼ֱûӣ¾ȻԼ˰չ¶ɣǿ϶һɵӡ
ѲɾҪ²һչһЩµô죿һٴˣСָô죿еĹƵأ
ζ笲ĵ˵ţһЩ飬ֻ̫ѨʹһССģӦûУǸ
ˣȲҪЩϽȥϵһҸ磬ھöҪһٷҲҪһǱߵľôˣûлɵҵϡ
ѩҲ˲þ裬Բٳκˣ֮ǰļƻǰˡ
￴ӵҲ׷¶ЦգһγҪصˡ
Է˰ɣЩԸԼ˾·ֺźһĵЦҲ̲סЦš
ɲô˵еľǻҪеģ˭֪Է᲻һȫµļƻڵ֮ҪľǸϽѰһЩֻǲ֪˾˭˸ıԣǲС
һ˲Ĺ򣬺һֿʼѶϣ˿˶̲סһο
EricվȴǲΪȻЩܵͷֻʱ⣬αΪЩ󶯸ɸꡣ
ǺһΪЩ鶼ܳţһֱڼУҲһ֮ߡ
Ҫɣȥ飬˵ϢϾǶ֮жٶһЩӣ˵Ľһš
EricҲͻȻ˺ܶ࣬Ҳǵ˵ţЩ黹ǱȽϼ򵥵ġ
زģҪԼŪˣ˰ɣ鱾ͺûκιϵʱǣϣҲǺܺá
һ˵ţЩѾˣԲٰǣֻԽѿ
δ˿ŵõͨѶ¼»ص˰칫ңСһĵ绰룬һʱ֮ҲһЩŭ
һŮģأƫƫŸָݵĵ绰ţҲ治֪ôģﺢӾһλݵİɡ
ϰȫѾˣ˵ݵĵ绰ţֵľѩģһǵ׸ô죿ѲҪԵ绰м𣿿Ļַ˶Է˽
ҲʼһЩΪѣϾЩҲѾ˲ôıԵ
ȻôһҪ취Ľһ¼УڸϽȥһѩǱ߾ʲôϷܸоһļı
֮ǰһУ̰غֻëȻʲôʱʼǸŮǸģ
СδӦҲٵȥ˵飬ѩأҲѾǱ̺ȫĵ·
ˣ̰غտ϶鵽ˣڸô죿˵ͨż¼ûһ鵽һĥ֤ݣ
ζҲͻȻ飬æѣϾԷʵҲȽǿġ
ģѾ׼ˣʱ˵һ˵һֱûнÿһŸָɧŵ绰
͵˵ţ֮Ҳ¶ЩĻϲһʼͿԸоһҪ벻ٵѡȻҪ׼ģȫһЩ
ŮˣζԵһЩֻе˴ȴֲܺĽб
ɲô˵˵ҲǵģǸ˺ˣ˾ͽ齻ңǧټȥˡ
ôһ仰EricҲٵȥԼĵС
ֺڴ˿ҲѾӵõĵ绰ϤıעҲǴҴææĵͨ
ʱʱĻһԸɣôʱ仹ûڲʽĳԹأֻöҲǺúõģ˵һ˵˴˵ﻰ
ѩҲֱӴ˸ƣϾԷһȽظˣٶɵ£ҲһһںĬĬĽ֧š
ѩôͻȻԷˣҪ֪ڵҿ⵰һûǮһЩݳƷ
ֺƺڿЦ֮ҲЩ棬Դӱְ֮ͣҲһֱûжԼǮ




279 ѡ
 

磬ãһ˳ԷûбҪôİɣ˭Ǯ˭ˡ
ŵ绰ĻѩȻһּҵĸоֻϧΪԼĿģֻν顣
ȻĻʱʱ͵صҷɣΪϸ磬ܲһõƷѰɡ
ֺЦȴЩյ飬ôԸԼûЩ¡
õĸ磬ʱҰʱ͵ص㷢ֻ棬һҪס׼ʱԼǧҪٷҵĸˡ
ѩһСһͣĽŶµʱ򱻴
Ҷϵ绰һ̣ԭЦݵҲ˲Ļָǲģ
һҪһЩõϢУһֱȥҲûа취ıߡ
ζ笣ԼؼҾͿˣҪٵˣҪҸȥԷ鷳ҲҪʱңʲôĻȿŴͺá
ôһ仰ѩҲٵȥҪѡһЩУֻԵһЩͻأ
ûв´ĻӦһɿĳֽͻױƷҲһҪ׼òУʱױܹõϡ
áζ붼û룬ֱӴӦ
ѩԼҪܲһֱԣһƨһȻʱֻԷķУڼƻʲôҲͻᱻǳ
ֺ»ص䣬ľǵϻһƵЩȲĵӾ磬˿˶һЩԽܡ
ʲôʱôˣȻҲʼӾˣ⵹ķ񣬲ӦͷһԼƷ𣿡
ɳϣҲ졣
ɲô˵ΪһʦҲҪ۲һЩҲиԵʣܲܰԼ֮еĽаɡ
һǵ˵ţһԼ̫ѹˣʵķɶҲ档
ааɣԼ⿴ɣһһЩˣʲôĻһҪңԵĻȱˣȻʱֻһССۡ
ֺĵ˵ţһεٴη
ûа취ͦЩнͣϾԼҲеܺߡ
ģȻ鶼ѾزˣҵȻֻøո¶ţ½ء
һеˮ˵ǾΥЦݣҲһεĸ֡
һСǼˣƫƫЩҪ
ֺҲû˵ʲôֻǾֱ˳ȥȥ̳ҪһЩУȻܿ
ڻصҲǿٵĽԼĶ½һҪ׼òС
ý϶ڶбʱ·ˣҲǮ뿪
ɷҲ׬˲ٵǮҲһӵģʱһǮҲ˽һԸ
ֺڽ̳˲ͿʼжһЩᣬŮӵĶǻ֪࣬ȥѡ
һƿˮŸָӣζҲͬ˾ۻҡ
λҪʲôҿ԰Ƽһ£ǸԼŮױƷĻֽг͸ԼŮѺٺʲġ
Աٵ˹Ľк·Ӿ֪һǼ۸񲻷ƣؽҲŪһʴĶ
ģǸҵ򣬽ҲһرӣҪһرǲ֪ЩʲôϾһ˶ⷽ治Ǻ˽⡣
ԵЩΣֺ˵òȣƺû뵽Էֱӻ˵ӺŮ¡
ԭģôλ֪֪ƽʱϲЩʲôζʲô׷𣿡
ԴҲǿٵķӦæԼĻ
Ͼÿһ춼ָĻƷ򽻵ҲŲС˽⡣
ϲֱȽ嵭ģϲرģһĻ鷳ҽһ¡
ֺԼϲĶһʱ֮ҲЩգһ㣬ڶ֪ϲľʲô
ȻĻ⼸ǱȽµζҲرŨңҲõġ
Աһ˵ţһ߽Ʒ˳Ͻչʾ
ǵζҲ˲ԾĲһֳ
ȻĻ鷳ҰɣΪҪõԵʣҰľһЩȽϲĶ
ֺǵζҲֱ¶⣬ͱʲôҲǺ
áԱҲֽĽװˢ˿Ŀſ뿪
еˮһʱֺ֮ȴһЩԥˣҲ֪ܲϲһҪʲôô죿
ֻεķһ̾Ϣ˾ʼЩᣬŮӵĶҪǧѡ




280 ̽
 

ٵȥһĵطھһѡҲѡһֹȻǸӡ
֪ѾԼʱ䣬ѩҲһŵȴĳԵģҲǸϲġ
Ѿǰһ˽⣬ΪľǷֹʱ˸⣬ûа취úõɿ顣
ֺոһ꿴ģ÷Ա׼ģ
ֻ˳һٷ׼ô¡أ˵رǮˣҪһٺõġ
ֺƺڿЦϵĲƷʱ֮жٶһЩж
ЩȫϲԵģÿһζأҲôϤһֻĴ
磬֪õأһЩ£ģԺ󲻻ˣ̫Ĵڿʼˡ
ѩС˵ţҲصͷƺΪһжա
ֺ⸸ĸһԭĲɣڴ˿Ҳɢ
ã֪֮ǰΪе̫Ĵ£ɸûйֹ㣬෴Ϊܹһܲ׵£ںˣеⶼѾˣõġ
ֺеѩУΪľܹһ㡣
ԭڵͷѩڸܵеʱҲѸ̧ͷ֮βסĻϲ
磬㲻˵Լһ⵰𣿸ﻹҪЩڻǮûеĻͺ˵ɡ
ѩеҲʮָж簴ڵûκǮƵģƫƫҪá
˵ʲôأҵŮѶûУȻһűˣԷɣôһӵζܲ˷ѡ
ҲЩ飬öֱӳ˷ųţ˵ʼһЩǡ
ֺأΪãƿƣҲһҺ״̬
ã֪֪̫飬ø˶ܵȫĴе˶˵һĹҲţ֪þԲģԲԣ
ֺһ˵ţһɵЦţģһճɵɵĺӡ
ԸһֱƭԼҲԸûһЩ˺˵顣
֮аɣܵʲôĵزԸǸˡ
ѩﾲţĵطҲĽд
ɼǸӣ˵֮Ҳ͸¶Щɱ
ӳ̰غջѾеɵͷϣûϵϷҪȤһЩҲһ£Ҳ£һЩġ
һһ˴ڼУӾҲ˯˹ȥԸ˼⡣
ͻȻһ˿˿תҲã˵Ҳࡣ
̰غմеĹɷݺҲѸٵĻص˼УΪľǿԶúõĽ飬û뵽ľɳ˯ŵӰ
˯˶೤ʱˣô˯ˣһӣһô졣
źһɪӣ̰غնԵŮӶ̲סָ
ϾոճһЩתʱˣɲĸô죿
ǸҸողûзЩԭΪڿӾͲκƫû뵽˯ˣǱǸھȥ̺ӡ
Ӷ˴Ҵææ˵ţ֮Ҳ͸¶żС
ɲ÷˳һ⣬ȻʱҪʧԼĹˡ
ٵֱ̺ӷŵүУӶҲѸٵȥ˵лβסĻҡ
СΪŮ˸Ǻñӣ̰غҲ»ص鷿óǵõĵ绰¼
֮ĵ绰¼˵Ƶ˲ĶһЩѡ
ĵ绰ҲŸող֮ŽͨģѲĺѩй
ѩ˵ԼϴĸΪʲôͻȻ˭ѣ
һһʾˮ棬ó̰غնԵһЩѣĭ˵ЩҲǶ˼ֵǡ
ѩһĹôûôˡ
ڼƻдʲôǺ͹˾йأ˵Ҫб
䱳˵˭мأ
Щ⣬̰غֻԼҲԽأȴ޷Щ߸ˣϾҲֻǸɡ
ѩҲź˵ĸֱһϽĵطסΪľǷֹʱ޷鱨
ھƵĴֺԺ״̬˸㲻װĻʵġ
ѩСΪҵãͿʼȽƫƫΪִţԼ뵽˾أԣֻԱػ㡣




281 
 

ҲѸٵϽһҲв˷׷׵תƵҲмĵ˿ʼ˵顣
Ͼһʼͳɵ㣬ֻϧʱΪ¡أ˶ʼѡͬ顣
Ҳ治֪ôģȻһżһ뻹Ǻء
ѽսǸʵൽôģ˭Ҳ֪һĻǳΪԲзۡ
Ǿϣһ֪࣬ʱҲԸ˺˵Ǹ
Ҳв˶ѡǵĽǶȣվϽϡ
ڼпϵЩۣҲô󺰴УֻϧҲҪάԼķ緶
ô֮ǰûһֽš
ǸŮ˻𣿲Ȼôʳô⣬ô˵ĺ
һҾԲ׵ķŹ㣬һʼҵļƻȫ̽䡣
ȻĻҲҪһˮԲ׵ķŹ㡣
еƬҲǶݺݵؽ֮жɱ
ֻöеһҪЮԼȴû뵽󱻷һ
鷢ԭΪ׬ȡһͬһԼû뵽ʵ䷴
ҲǿˣѩǸŮ˶ֻãЩأҲ𽥵ҲѾ
УԲټԴȥЩнͬҲʱʧ𣬵ʱһˡ
ɼԼౡܹ֮ЩʲôأûѩͷԣûѩĴһж޷ʵ֡
һֱԴе״ֻ̬𽥵Ŀʼ񻯣ʱʲôûˡ
֮оҵĽһһ뷨ҲԺ֮вͣؽţӿֵȴȫƱ
һƵҲָĽƢһһıҲǵʮĿҪԶʼһЩѡ
һз·һ־սУٵĺҲڴ˿̱ԭŮݾ
ǻҪһȴҲѾӵ˾˵ĵ绰
㵽ô£ôĲɷãΪʲôڻᷢôصƫ㾿ʲô
绰һͷ˲ͣĽʣǶӵ̬ȺͿǣҲԵĸоǷ
ҲѾʱԲҪκλˣõĽзɱˣȰҲúõһԼǲʲô飬һʼҾ͸߹㣬ҪЩĪеĻ룬ȴƫƫ
˵һֵĻҲѸٵĹҶ˵绰һɸֵļơ
ûзӦʲôյ˽Լ֪ͨΥԼҲѾ˿ϡ
ĴţҲǱٱıԵ
Ѳһ겻е۶ڹҲ˰֮ǰĺ˳ͣĽ﹥˵뵽˽ֵĵط
ҲһЩ˶ԺӵĸײǣڲͣĽѰҡ
Ӧôźãٸѩ绰Ļֻ᳹׵ı绰ǲ֪ôˡ
˰컹ǲͨ˺ζ笵ĵ绰ûмǴĻǸһֱѩߣضҲһЩ˽⣬ȻĻ˵ҲԳıߡ
ӵ绰ĺζԽԵһЩԾƺû뵽ģش绰Լֻ֮С
ʲôûʲôĻҾҪҶϵ绰ˣҪúõϢһ£Ϊκ¶ӰҵϢ
ζ˵ţ֮ԶƺǲʶԷ
鷳һѩ߰һһӦôźãȫҵĸţ˶Ѿǰұݺ鵽׸ô죿
˵ţͷѾĺ顣
ڵѾһ޷Ƶĵزٲһ֮ߣľҪˡ
һʼʱѩ͸ǧҪһֱΪǰڽŸָĹ棬Ǹʱ㾿ʲôǮͷ𣿻˵棿
ζĽʣҲȷıԼ̬ȣһӣӾעҪܵһЩͷ
ô᲻֪⻰е˼أֻһװģ
鷳һҪҲſԣϾǴҶ˩ͬһϵƣҲһǺùʱҪһек
Ҳʵûа취ˣֱӲȡвͲպεһ취ûС




282 Σ
 

ԭвңȻĻҸûбҪȥˣҿɲҪһĶѡ
ζôһ仰ѸٵĹҶ˵绰һģػҪȡ󲿷ֵ棬ǰˡ
俴һαҶϵĵ绰֮вʣȴǷԼΡ
ԲɢСƢȻʲôûˡ
ڴڵĺţڳ׵滺֮Ҳ²ͨǸ绰
ζ笴˿ڴǰҡеĺƱƾճڱϣԺԵɫ
ֻһҲˣԵЩķΧ
Ϥĵ绰룬ҲǲԾģҲдЩĳ
ȻһôһĽֻϧأҪίȫ
֪СʲôһȽϵСвǻȽϺµġ
̱˵ţζ笾һЩȤ
һЩСͣĽžʵŭȴ޷йӣǾмּֿͷ
ҳıߣҰһεԺ󲻹ʲô飬ҶСģˡ
ʶķԼ̬ȣȻˣҪñ΢һЩ
ûв´ĻѩѾ㣬ڸʲôˣȰ㻹ǲҪټȥֻԼĵλܵһЩв
ζ笺ĵĽŹȰΪľõʱܹһ㡣
Ͼɲÿһ˶Ұģÿһ˶Ҫˡ
Сһֱ˵Ҿ䣬ҲǸ취ϵҲڲͣ󡣡
Ľſߣ˵֮о˿˿ί
䣬ƽĶȹΣȰʵЩԸȻֻԼܵĳͷҪﺢӵĸ׵ڻûһĽۣû´Ļ˭ԼҲˡ
ζĵĽԼȷĳ̫ˣȻôӽнأ
Ļ̬չȥһ㶫̲
ҪҲˬ죬Լ뷨ĽأһʼԼ˽ģû뵽ԼҲ˽ȥ
ΪĿģôҿȷ㣬һʼ㲻᳢κε棬෴ԼĻ׬öһЩ
ζҲúĥߴֱӾ͹Ҷ˵绰ԽֻػӲһĵˣշȰһξѾˡ
俴ٴκڵĻҲֻ̾һҲֻܾˡ
ѩֱ͵˾Ƶ꣬ȻҲΪԼĿģò˺Լĸ硣
һнһ취Ըв
̰غմ˿̵ĵҲѾ뵽˽Ž׶Σ֪Ϊʲôܾ֮Իݼ̫̫ࡣ
вٵڶԴչۣȲˮԼ˵ȴƬ̵Ĺ˷֡
Щ¶ˣʼˮԼ˵ˣҲ治֪ôģ˵ѵʱΪʲôһĽء
֮ǰǻһֱ㣬û뵽ǿˣ˺һƽ޹ʦǻϹ۾
ССɶڿߣҲв˶Գȡ˹ע
һԼ˯֮УҲ𵭵Цݣ֪Ϊʲôյܾû˲١
̰غҲԥţ֪ѩĿϾѾǣ̫ˡ
ͨεĵ绰̰غҲΰѾõ֤ݣȫһĪݹϣеҲ׵ĸһ䡣
䱾Ҫƽƽĵȴһתȴû뵽е鶼Ѿһʱ֮Ϊ˺Сģء
ͳ䷢ϵĸݣҲѾֱӱʾκεĹһǮ
õǮ˳䲢㣬ҪһթһƵȴ¼ֱӹϣһʱ֮ѡ
Ϊԩ˶ɵ˺ܵһ
Ҳʽĸһ䣬ֺҲѾ»صԼĹλϣµõ˵ϿɣҲһЩԼλá
ںһһʼƵĲƷҲûóʧڴ˿ǣóҶʼһֹӦĴ
СƵ·һֱڱ׶ΣǵĿݶʼһЩ֧ˣǰһֱй·ҲΪĹϵ˹ܺҪҪϵһºС㣬һЩȫµĿʽ
е˶ڲͣĽæµҲʮѸоЩеϲá
Ͼһε֮˶ΪЩ·ҪͣͲǰٽˡ




283 Ĺ
 

һһʱֵľе鶼ѾˣϵЩҲڶʱ˲
ЩõҥһҲ׵Ĵƣ΢ҲвٵѶۣҲһЩǸţ˽һ
ҴææӣһֻԼ嶼һЩʹȴʹٵܽҡ
ڿһ˵ҺжʱÿģͷɥɳϣҲһĨĿɬ
̰غԭһ϶ûлæʲô飿ΪԹ˾̫Ӱ
˵ֻǵĲصС
˵ҲԽԵۿЩĺ
̰غΪһϵæµҲƣſ˯ȫȻ֪
ֺѾ֮һʱͽӵ˹˾ϢֱӹٸԭְӵͬµĻź
ȻǰһС¶ˣʱԵԶ˴ңôֺʹҲǰУϣʱиõĳɾͺͻԻ͡
ڣֺվﲻͣķԼʵ뷨ԼԶ˶Ĺǣֻ
ǰʲôһԶ˵ʱ򣬲ŻᷢҲʮҪһȥ֮еЩҲһּĴڡ
򵥵ĺʹµ˵һ¹˾ķչֺҲٵĻصԼİ칫ҲͨǸ绰
ôһе鶼ѾˣԺҲԽԽãںһƵЩƷҲ졣
һһֱԼ֮У޷԰Σ绰ˣҲþûзӦ
ֺŶԷһֱδͨҲʶЩǣֱ·ٵ뿪
Ҵææ˺һļУֺ漣ķŶûзҲǿٵĳ˽ȥû뵽ľۿ
Ů˴˿ǿеסеˮˮҲۿ֮вͣĴתܡ
׷ʲô飬еһжѾˣڻѹЩʲôأΪԼЩƲƷģҾԲѪ׷ѵġ
ֺǵ˵ţŮ˿ӣֻжɢʹ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣֻǾһЩѣûʲôʱӦڹ˾ٸԭְôҲҪʱٴӰĹλźá
ҵĲһ˫ۣ֮ԭЩۿøӺ
ǰЩʲôأԷһæˣǺ飬пܾǱ˾סֽء
㻹˵أҸոո˰绰ҲûнӣҪһϢϧѽϢûеһʱ֪
ֺװһϧģΪҲܹԷθڣʱҪʵĸһЩϲſƽеܡ
ʲôֱ˵ɣûʱٺ㿪Цһɥ˵ţҲ
ֻҪһԼں֣ѲôҪֶһݳޡ
֮ǰƵЩƷǱ˻𣿳Ҳû˶ʧȥϣڴĽ֮ǰҪãһε֮Ҳ˿ͷ׷ٴιǵӪҵҲ
ֺԼոյ֪ĺϢ˸֪ɲɵģոڳҲǽյϢҪٽû뵽þ͸϶Է鲻á
Ծĵɴ˫ۣƺǲһжġ
˵ǧҪƭңһ㿪Цģ鶼ûСһΪüͷȷţµʱһʵʵΡ
һֱȽڴԼƲƷܹõ˵һоͷ·һξһԶ˾òʵʡ
ҵȻƭģԼ㿪΢һ϶вɹԼ˵ҲԿһյĿ
Ϊ֤ԼʵԣֺҲٵĽֱֻӽֻϵĶŵȻǵߡ
ضסֻһ۾գһ£µʱһֻһΡ
ԼĴϺݺݵһ£ڸܵʹʱҲǻĴЦš
ֺҳɹˣڳɹˣҵƲƷõ˵ϿɣõôȻһкҲŲɷָϵ
һ˵ţֲֺͣļ
ٸоֵļҲԵһЩǣϾǰܸһֺĸо
ˣ㻹ǲҪˣȻʱò׶ļⶼûˡ




284 
 

ⲻ̫һʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãϾͷһҵĲƷôãȻҪúõļһ²У˵òһףúõһ£ĻԻ͡
һ˼˵ţһʼķҲȫȴ
һסֽŵˣȴеʱ޷пơ
Ȱ㻹ǲҪô࣬ڵ֮ҪľһЩȫµĿʽһֱȥʹͻٶ࣬Ҳͬһӡ
ֺҲʼһϸľʦгıߣڹҲСгɼܲۿԼϲŮˣΪһƲƷմմϲ
˵ĵȷûӦһЩȫµķΣΪһʽͿʼһֱãȻʱʱ˶ġ
һͣĵͷǱʾԼֺ֮ͬжԵǰôû˳ɫı죿
̰غԭϢ֮ڴӣüͷ˳û뵽ľ̸Цģ
˵ڸʲô⾿˭ļȰǻһ㣬ҵӣЩҲӦҰɡ
̰غշ˵ţһ˻Цģֻг˼ʡ
һȵˣŮ˵ҲʮֵСǼûа취Լ˺չ¶Цݡ
һԭҪ¶Լ⣬ȴû뵽ͻȻִõķΧ
ôӦڹ˾æĻովģ
붼û룬ֱӾͽе˵˳ֺ֮ĻҲǿıܿߡ
Ѿе׼ȴûа취ȥԼɷܡ
ôҲڼҵĻҪƸˣŶԭǹҽղڼҶ𣿡
̰غһʱ֮һЩ˵ͱˡ
ѾĴЩ飬Ϊľܹ쿴ĵģû뵽һжһơ
һԭҪһͣȴڿ۵ĨʱҲʶЦš
˵ĵȷûҾһˮŮˣĺκ˻ЦΨܺ㻶ЦÿһʱҾԼأԼչ¶ǰΪһöġ
ǿסеôʹĺţƺΪ˼ᶨԼĻ
˵˵ţˮҲ߳׵ģǰĵ·
̰غֻǷһľ죬Ҳǿٵĳ˼С
ôһ˲ҪǰŮˣǸԲΪڡ
ֺû뵽֮侹һʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãֵֻϲЩš
һҪ˵ЩΥԼĻأҿóĺܰΪʲôԶҪԼнأĿ𣿡
ֺάһϺ˵ĽɫҲм䲻ͣĽŵͣȻֵҲֻ֮ĹϵԽԽΡ
ҾǿֳƢƾʲôһֱԼϰݣͣĶ˽Ŵѹϰ壬ڼҲϰ𣿱˴֮ضûУӪһκϸĻ
һĽűԹԼĴѾԡ
ֺվﾲЩԹֻҲԽɬǱԹҲǷݰ
˶ɻͷԣһҪǰŮ˺ݺռеĴ
Լܵһʹ࣬жʱʧȥ˷˶ʼа쳣
ȻĻǾˣʱ˶ԽѣҲ˴ˣÿΪָìܡ
ֺ˵ȴҲڿ֮Ĺϵ
㵱һΣԼĿĴﵽˣԺİŮһֿΪԼñ˵ȡƬ̵ĻᣬĻþͲʹˡ
ʲô˼ĲһˮҲãȻĽѯʡ
֪ΪʲôܾߵЩĸı䣬ȴҲ˵ˣֻû͸¶ŵĲ⡣
ںĺȰ㣬ľò֣ôˣȻֻԼøӱ΢㣬͸ϽѰһҺõˣҲһõİְ֡
ֺڲͣϴԣҲѾ¶˾ģҪɢԷޣһΪãһҲΪԼ
ֻҪ˷ֿˣö˾лˣһԺԼŮһһǺԼһ𣬵ʱ򲻾֮
ˣ㲻Ҫ˵ЩˣֻԼһ£Ǹҽ鲻Ǻܺãܲˣ鷳ԼȥҪټˡ




285 
 

ȻĻôԼɣҲľиԤԼ飬ҲҸҲֻԼ֪˵ЬϲϽţҲֻԼĽţ֪治
ֺôһ仰ҲѸȥתһɲǣǵЦ֮ơ
ôȴƫƫΪе齫Լĥһûκеˡ
һжΪǷҪ־ֻܹ˲మǵ˵İ
ȷȥһԼļֻﶼЩ䡣
֪Ϊʲôֺܾ˺ܴĸı䣬ȴҲ˵ˣָоʼòԾ
̰غ뿪ҺҲѸٵȥѵݣͣĽ˶ֻΪ˽ˮų⣬˳ͽЩձɺˮ
һһľ촫ѵݵ˶ͣͷϵѵ
˾űͣûǰɳÿûһ¶Ըоɳϳһӡ
˿վҪȰ裬ߵĻ˵ڡ
ɳôӲȴҲûа취Էеŭ෴ÿһεûҲϵǿ
飡һ죬ɳĶҲȫڵϣССɳڴ˿ҲԵʮעĿ
Ǹ鲻Ǻܺã𻵵Ķ⳥̰غôһ仰ҲѸٵؿʼ˾ٸ塣
ӣ˾ͷ·ھ޻һʮɣӣĺʼһЩѡ
Ҫ֪ÿһ˵嶼żޣսֻԼ˥
̰غΪƽնȻһĻɸھٸĶͿԸоѪڲͣĽš
˲ټȥˣֻ˺Լ塣
ĽţֻԼĶѾܵǰδеս
ôսкܶ࣬ɴûΪĿĵġ
̰غյսʷǰսĽ𻵸Ǵûй顣
Ѿ˵鲻ãκ˲Ҫֹңҽʧֽ˭ûκιϵ
̰غո˵仰ѵ˲ÿһˣԭվĽʼȥ
ѩ˿ҲѾܵϢܱϢҲǿķƢ
úõһӣôѾûˣһһ󷽵̱
һһҪѡһһˣټȥֻеƱô
ѩЩʲôĵ飬ֻΪǸСģأôҿԸȫûбҪϾһжǶԷȡ
ζѾõĿֱӷŵ˲輸ϣȵҲôʼЩʡ
ô˵ȻţЩҲõõ׵Ľˣ˾ѾԤϺõġ
ϵĿȣһȵĸоҲȫٺ
˵ԷҴ绰Ҳֹһأζ笻˵ţԼ˵κȴѩһ
ôе绰һֱйͨһϵϵ㣿
ѩؽѯʣ˫Ҳ΢΢зţһҪǴ˹ʶպҪơ
һֱңҰıߣʱҲһֻϧҲò֣ο㶼ѾȷıʾҪ䣬ȴƫƫһЩ辶ķҵȻܰæ
Ӧ˵ţζ笻ķŵԼ̬ΪľԵԼЩ΢
ٵıܿԼߣѩƺ˼ⷬʵԣȴҲû˵Щʲô
ȻǻкôӦñ˴ŲŶԣֻ˸飬ʧȥһˡ
һͲҪټˣΪûҪһֱȥҲ֪Ӧÿ١
ѩ˵ţһǸûõŮֻúʼһЩҡ
ôû뵽Ҳֻǽ˼ʱ䣬ӽҲֻܿԼѡˡ
ȦڵҲѾٵҪģְҵʼһЩѡ
˿̴ڱķ֮УֻΧкڲͣĽŽл
ٵĶ㵽˽䴦ҲǲֵģԼȿܣֻó˿ֲ
ҪӦǹģزŶԣΪʲôӣһжΪһǸŮˡ
ѩһֱ˵ıߣԴӳأ֮ϵҲѾ˲١
еʱֻǻᱻӶ̲κε棬Щͱ档
ҲҪˮЩӦǮȨȫûȻĻӦóϴ񣬷Զ֪׵˵󻰡




286 
 

ѩȻĻͲҪˣӦҵûѣҾԲ׷Ź㡣
ٵţѾ׼õĵƬֱȥ͹ݵҲһʱ佫뵽ҽԺ
ҽԺ֮еҽڲͣĽæµʶҲʼһЩɢȴؽ֧š
ļСʱҲ˹ڣ԰׵ɫҲ˾ʮֿ
أȫڿصˣٵߣһ¥ڲߣֱӵŴȥ
Ѿǰ̽ãǶ¥Բߡ
ֻãһƺߣģʮʹ࣬Ҳڷܡ
»صԼļУ˱ˮֻΪһԵЩɬĺˮһɲǣʹҲͣĴ
ԼһУ֮ҲЩĺ⡣
סˮֲԾļԭĲʼ˿˿ѺۣΪƬ
ĲϵѪ侹漣ķϲѪȡ
ѩ˿ֻֻʮϧ˵䵹Ҳһˣһֱ취Լ
ֻϧһʺԼ·ȻҲ³
ʲôȻôԣɲԸ񣡡ζһӣѩ
֮ҲЩȤ
ûʲôֻ赭дĽŻӦѩȴԶ
ɻտģֻϧ͵ȴˣ벻ʲô
ʲôģ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲôδڣѲҪ
ζ΢΢۾Ƭ̵
ʱҲ룬ôΪʲôҪϵǰأ
ɵ㿴˶㸩׳Ƴʱŷֻ֣ȨԾһС
ǷҲԼˣǰһֱ׷ų̰غյĽŲڲһˣЩʵʵѾѣҲ塣
ѩ޾ĿɬλԼδһļͥһԿɰıվˡ
Ȼ֪ҪľʲôһŬĸҪһУֻ֪г̰غһˣһϣܹһᣬһĻᡣ
ζ˵ţ֮޵飬еʱһ˾ĴΪ㲻֪ᷢʲô
ʵһֱ֪ҪʲôҵߣѾˣȻĻͲҪ̰ģȻֻԼڡ
ôһ仰ѩҲٵȥĸ»ص˾ӣȻҪúõףһ¡
ЩҰģҲͳ׵ɢɣ
ֻһǸˣù˾ʱϡ
ۿѩʧԼζҲǴЦţֵУϧԼʼ뷨
û뵽һգȻûĻúõһϷ
Ĵһϵ˿ڣҲٵĿʼԼļƻЩӦвŻȤ
ֱӵ½΢ٵԼĺŷϢ俴ЩҲԼĳɼ
ǰЩаԶǾҵҵԼŬأһжѾˣʶģˡ
ΪԼӵĴʼαװԼԭʼɢ
أΪ˹סԼĵλ˸ݵģҲĺӣȴһա
˵ͬ飬ҲԼأǱ˴˻ԡ
һһ飬ڶɺܴĴɵأûһˡ
лֹ֧ҵķ˿Ҳ֪ôҺʧҽ˵ҳȶסԼĵλ
ȡһЩȡֶΣһûкһҲΪԼɵġ
ôмƻһֱװɵԼαװļһжΪѩڶҲͣؽţٿҲ˶ȡ˵ͬ顣
ֹ֧ҵķ˿һǸҲһҳԶ
ֱӵ˷ҲٵĴ¥ȥǰСʱĹ΢ϲͣĽҲЩֱӽá
ƺû뵽ѩȻ顣
¥ҲڷĽҽҲЧ
һ־ѩأҲǱ˵֮С
ָԸ⿴ԼŮ˶ȥֱӽ飬Ҳãе˶ûԵ֤֤ѩйϵ
ǱҲһʱ˳壬پֵҲûвκʾѩûκε




287 뿪
 

ͳѩһҲǻص˼УҪ͸׺úõ̸һ̸
ָھһҹ֮Ҳ·࣬˵˫֮оȻ͸¶ſն
֣һˡһŵһɲǣѩ˹˵ϣ֮ǰûڡ
ЩʲôأΪһٲԼУƫƫǣеļˣøΪԼġ
ѩǻˣͺãͺãԶǿĺܣҿΪеһеֻϣĿ֡
ָʵ˵ţָԼŮա
֪ŮѾˣأҲȥȴƫƫ˺ӵĳɳ
ģҲЩɵˣһβҵУָȥأҪѧϰһʱ䣬Ҳ֮ͣȥˣҲǸƽһǵ˰̰ɣ
ԥţѩҲԼЩ˵˳
һʥˣûа취ѡеĹΨһķȡ
𣿰ϣͻǶ㵽һûʶĵطȥµĻﻹǻ᲻ܵġ
ָǵ˵ţô飬ҲѾˣԼŮĿ־ͺãҲûбҪĽ׷
֣ģѾˣ˵ģЩֻѡͻſȴ̰غղϲңٶ鶼ûа취סģֺαأȥѰһʺԼˣٲۡ
ѩǣǿЦţЦ֮ǿɬγԼһأϱ޳ЩҲԤϡ
ȻĻ뷨Ҳϣ㲻Ҫ֮ɥʧԼϲĶ
ָȻԸ⿴ŮԸ⿴ѩΪӱЩʵ뿪
֣İɣŮû֮еôοô鶼ѾˣҲټȥˣҼֵĶҾԲҪ
ѩЦţЦ֮ȴ޾ĿɬһĻҲʧȥ̫ɡ
ֺ˿ҲѾ֪ҪϢҴææظ˻
õôˣôͻȻųأ֪һǺûϵģһǸСģعҪˮ
ֺҽƭΪľһиıŮ
磬֪ôʱһֱԸЩ飬ҲˣӽҾҪһŮǱҵѩ
ѩЦţֻϧȴ˼ֿ֡
֪Ѿʱ䣬һҲʽľ˷ֱ
Ϊ͸ףȻҪѩٿԥ߽ƱڵһֺҲѡ˱
̰غ˺ҲˣȻҪİŮһһо
ƾʲôӵõһУ˺ҪŮˡ
ٴηӽҪԼֶԼҪˡ
֣ˣӽһԽϣڹ˾飬һŬĽԲκεиڳ̰غǱߣҲ֪˺þһп顣
΢΢з˫ۣ֮ɱ˵ǰ˳ڵǴڱıԵ
˵ƢҲȽϾ󣬸ôԼ飬ҲѾˣһֱţǹ˾ġ
ָôһ仰ҲȥŮ뿪ҲĿһ飬ʲô鶼ʼʧȥ顣
ٵĻص˾ͣĴһ飬ֻЩ͸֧뵽õ뿪˲ȼ־
ܣСʱһҪҪԵ֪ûʱ䡣
Ҵææ˽æ棬ϾԴе󣬹˾ĶҲڴࡣ
ðСʱˣھͽпչ׼֮ҡ޳ָڼϿٵĽУûһһҲڵԵĻϽʾ
˾ĹƱأҲһֱ׶Σһʱ֮䶼һЩ١
һһʾ˿ڣȴжһЩʧ
еϲöûǸв룬̰غԶ֪ԼҪȥҪˡ
ȴûԼöԱЩʲôԺ֮вԾֺǸоһЩ
̰غھＸСʱķйҲеŭ𽥵ĵõ˿ơ
Ϣſһ˵ѵʱֻһЩЦֻԼŮһΪʲôҪôĿ
ȷǳԴˣҪ˱΢Ѳǰ˵һҪ˱΢Ըѡһ




288 
 

ԺвԾػ˻ЦģԭѾתõ飬ڴ˿ֱʮֶӡ
򵥵Ľһʰϵĺζϴɾ̰غձҲֱȥ˹˾
֮úõ侲һ£飬Ҫټǡ
һߣֺľȥҲ𽥵ز˺⡣
ԺһҲȫΪռкͱ
ͨ˺һĵ绰ֺҲʾҪúõףһ顣
һҲûκԥֱӴӦԼһҷꡣ
꣬Զ˭Ҳûп˵ȴŸԵ˼
ô飬Ҳٵ鷳ǱǸ
һ˵ţ֮ҲУһĹ޹ġ
ˣȲЩˣٷףƲƷͬʱҲףƵҵԽԽá
ֱƱڱײһֺСҲʽʵʩ
ƾʲô̰غӵжһһĵŮˣôᱻ˺
ЩžƱֲԾ֮߬󣬷·ҪƱһ
һΪԵʣûע⵽ЩֻͷԷ
ܵһھƱڵľƣȴڹһ󣬾ͷѣΡ
ƵŨȺȽϴҺһھͿʼһЩˡǣǿЦţǵЦҲԵЩɬ
鲻õʱʲô鶼ܵ谭ɣȻôȸƣһھͻأ
ȵ̫ˡҵıܿԼߣֺҲĽƺڷܡ
ĳϵĲˣһֻԼ߿ʼģջǵϡ
ֺŵϵˣԵЩ졣
ֻǷһҩۣû뵽ЧȻôѸ٣һζڶ
һΪʲôҶϲǿأ̰غô𣿿һУñ΢ȥ
ſӰֺ˵ţ۵Ҳ޵ˡ
û˺κˣȴƫƫ˺Լߵˡ
һҲǳ뿪ˣ᲻֪лԸƽ˺ۡ
ϲŮأҲϲͬһˡ
ٵƱһڽƱľһڼȴʮˬ
˵Ŀְɣһ򵥵ľƣͿеǳɢ
ٵĸǮ˴ᱧȥˣǰѾõľƵ귿䣬ٽ˷ŵϵһֺ̣ȴԥˡ
һѲɾԼķʽ
ΪʲôҪٰĽ˺أĵӣԼĻ
̰غգʲôʱܹңһزκεĲɡһ˵ţ˳۽ǻһξӨˮ
ԭԥֺ˿ҲͻȻΪħ
һôϲ㣬ƫƫֻһȻĻͱˣֻӮģΪʲôôء
ʧǵ˵ţҲڱıԵһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪Դ
һߣ̰غҲѾյصĵ绰ϵ˾Ƶ꣬û뵽ľ﷭Ƹģ
飡޴촫ֺʶͣԼĶ
ٴλͷʱȴַѿһˡ
ٵ˴ŹϣҲǵЦţأ¹ڳģûκεĸı䡣
ƺΪҩǺܶԺһڴ˿ҲѾˣľֺվ
ôˣֻǵҺһƾͿʼһЩΡЩʹ̫Ѩһѯʣ֮ҲԵ롣
ֺҲһľᣬ֪νȻһҲװġ
һ̰غպ֮ĹϵˣոˣҰŵϣû뵽ڴ˿ͻȻ˽Ϊ
ֺĽŽͣȴŮ˵𽥿ʼð˫Ŀʼÿն
Ҫȥһ°ɣȻʱ򻹻Ӱ֮ĹϵϾһҪ鶼ǹҡ
ֺװһҵӣΪľǿϷݵøУƾʲôӵһеġ
㣬ˣٹĽнˣô˭Ҳûа취谭
ȻװһνӣǲܿƵҲڴ˿̷׷׻䡣
ǹ̵ξͷ·ǵֺϣôȣʶЩֻš
ˣһȥͰɣȻֻ֮ĹϵһЩ֣Ͼһε鶼Ҷ𡣡
ֺάԼϺ˵ĽɫģҲԲɵ뷨Щĸм
ôлл㣬ϾҲֻǸһ칦磬û뵽ҾȻʤҵĴ󡣡




289 ʧ
 

һǣǿЦţ֮ҲԵĴſɬ
ôҲû뵽һ칦ͿԷôᣬɶԷضȻûκεΡ
ѲһˮŮ𣿿ĺ˷÷顣
ң׷ȥüǧܸκεӰ졣
ֺ䣬ҲѸٵܳ˷׷ʱûйƴӦ¥¡
Ȼ¥һɲǣֺҲɹĲ׽ǸӰ
̰غգվס㾿ǲһҪ㣬Ϊʲôֱ֪أο֪֪ʲô顣
ֺĺţΪҲǿ֤Լ˵ĻȷǽŽ͡
û룬һȴ׵ļŭнյȭͷڴ˿ҲͬһͻȻ١
һһСһȭͷֺ˲ĥӡǡ
˻ҶģѾǸˣȴƫƫҼĽнͣһҷôһأ
ŭٿصĳ̰غղûзĶߣ˿̵ֻ뾡ķйԼе
ֺҲûнκ㣬ֻǳʹƺҪԼѡ
ɼҲ׵ķЩһѡ˽ӴҲûлͷء
һЩҲѸٵһԼľǱڵصֺ
˿̵ڵϵֺ˫ֱͷģ˭̲ס
̰غգˣǸʲôҪ˴û˽⵽ȫˣǽԼү𣿡
һҲ֪Լһѽƿڵϵֺ
һȴǱʧĸʧ䡣
ȻĻҲô˵Уպף˰úϲŶԣҸԸ˳
ôһ仰˸ɾתֱûκεԥ
һѾʧ͸Ҳٽκν
ֺû°ɣҲãŻװװôȭͷҲɵΪʲôء
ڽĺһЩҲûа취ȥпǣֻ뾡ȫֲΪԼɵ⡣
ֺֻɵЦţþŽۣһΪҶɵᣬҵȻܻ֣ΪʲôҪҷĻֻ˵
ֺװһεӣ·Ĺ˵Ĺϵһ
˰ɣֻҪ϶˵飬κûа취׵Ľиģοô룬˭Ҳûа취˳Ȼɡ
ֻǷһ̾ôȴװһνģΪʲôҪԼųֳأ
˻̲סһЩ˿ڲͣʹ·˸ովʲô
һȥҽԺɣúõİһ˿ڣȻȾ˾ͲˣϾҲǸոջص˾ԼλãܲΪҵĹϵӰԼ
ֱӴȥҽԺڳϾ˾Ҳ̲סŵ٩
ãô˻ڴֱܼĹؼ
͸Ӿֺǵһ˺ۣ;ʮʹ
֪ڵ˴ܶˣһҲǷ˺ݡ
ǻῪЦܵĻԼӣҽԺвٵ⡣
һֻһЩΣΪʲô˾ô롣
ͷѲһ
Ϊһ޹ؽҪ飬ͽ˴˴⸱ģпܴǴķ
ҲֻǿһЦֻǻһԼŵѡ
˾Ҳ̸ЩҲĿˣòϣתעʱ䶼÷ɿ졣
˴˿ҲѾҽԺڹҺŵʱȴһЩԥ
⾿Ǹùһƣ𣿻ˣ
գҲֻǽ˿ڼ򵥵Ľһپҽһſ뿪ҽԺ
̰غ뿪ҲѸٵĸԼʦ˵绰ԷЭ顣
ʦ鷳㾡һݺõЭ飬Эϼǵһ㺢ӹзŮȨпܡ
ֲֻԾؼӽ˼֣Ҳһʧû˵ĸķʽ
áõԷӦʣ̰غҲѸٹҶ˵绰
ֻҪ侲һ£鲻Ҫټˣշ̫̫࣬һʱ֮䲻֪ȥԡ
һ飬һҲڻص˼ңľɳһģ
ȻˣͰϵĶǩһ°ɣҴһӵˣջսپ
̰غմ˿һ䵭֮࣬ǱҲ˻Լڱѡ




290 Э
 

һûзӦʲô߱㲻ԾɨЭ鼸֡
ֻԺжʼЩܿƣͷ·ʧһ
Ķ𣿡ŽѯʣҲǿеȶԼ
û뵽ûһ֮ǰͻѡķʽ˵Ĺϵ
һҪҶı׼Ҳһĵˣ鷳һ㡣
̰غҲüֱͨ뺡
Ͽôһñӣ޶ԣɵ
ЩνлҲ֧ñӰɡ
ãǩ̰غʧ㣬ҰϵҲ㵽أ˵Ҳ㣬Լʲô𣿡
ֻΪڷŭЭҲûйĽйۿֱǩ֡
ŭĽָһʱ֮еŭͷȴ޷зй
᲻ö˽κιԵȴҲֻ˶˺Լ
֪С㻹ʲôҪ˵ûеĻ뿪ҵļңҲӭˡ
վӱ̰غҲǿеĶԼ̡
ףǶԷôһΪʲôлһЩĽأ
ԣףԶһˣǽʱҲˣȻĻҵĶӻҡ
һҲٹĨǣԿżɽ̸ֱԼ
ӵеҲֻôˣԲټʧȥĲ֪ôźˡ
˭ľǶԷǲмЦ
ʲôʸ˵һӸոǩЭһѾཱུĸȨǾϾﱾûĶ
̰غվͷ·ͱһÿ˵һ仰Ҳͬһ̣ǿġ
ʲô鶼֪Ϳʼ㿴ĶУΪһӵ𣿡
һһЦһ߽ֻԼѾˡ
һֱڿ־־֮ĸ飬Ͼ޳̫̫࣬Ԥϡ
ƫƫأ̰غһһεʧҲ·ڶѡ
֪С㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿻˵Ҫҽһҿôһñӵģ뽲ĻôҲԸҵҪһҵƤӵ¶Թϣôġ
̰غ˵ÿһ仰˺ͷ·һѾµ˿Ͻ˻
Ҫ͵ڴ˿ͻȻʧɢһֳ嶯ҪúõĶһͽ䣬ƫƫЩ᲻á
ã˵ĶԣҼһܿ˰ɣҲϵһ⣬ףûҲϡ
һҲֱӷһУֻһԼĶӣ
ǾΣⶫ˵Ҳȫ֮
С㣬Ҫ̻ҵĶӣȻʱΪˣҲһȽ϶¡
ུ˿̻֪ʲôֻڴϾƬ̵滺
ĺһҲٽκεĽֱͣ뿪ˡ
ڳ̰غմͷϣôнͣᱻԷΪЩνȻĻ˰ɡ
ֺ˿̴ڼУϵ˿ҲǹЦݣĿҲѾﵽˡ
ͥᣬƬǿĵЦݣһж·ʼʱûκε⡣
һҳһҳķĵأЦҲʼԽԽ٣ȡ֮޾ˡ
ãģܵһʹҶһԲЩ˺ң⡣
΢΢з˫ۿŲЦݵƬҲĽۡ
̰غƾʲô׵ӵбĽУԲ
ںһҲŶԷȥһý֮չ˵Ļκ˵ĴͿơ
̰غմʼնװһνںӣҲֻԼ֪ǿѾѡ
Ҳ侲úõĽһ˼ΪʲôӣǱƢȴκεķ˼ǡ
ЭأѾ˫ǩַһڷҲѾЧ
Ҳܲס⣬˯˹ȥȴ֪ԼĸĸѾ˻飬أҲǿе˳̰غյߡ
뿪̼ҴŵĺһһڽĿĵţֻ֣ôĿЦ
Щνɽ˺ڴ˿أҲͻȻΪУһⶼ
ҲǱԷΪһжԼĴ󣬾һƽĽ۶ûеõ
̧ͷգտģ˲κεʡ




291 
 

ĿŵĺһֻѾ뵽˹ȵס
Ҳ֪Լôˣһʱ֮ʧȥԣҲκڴ
һյĻҲǸԼһɵʱ䡣
̰غհյ￴ѾǩõЭ飬ֻñʲôײˡ
᲻ãȴƫƫΪŭһѸٵĽ˸ΪЩʲôأ
ķ˹ϵǲ˵һЩûзֵᡣ
һһԺ֮нźըó̰غն֪ǺãҧԼͷ
ʱֻԼ泩ȴûпǹĺ
ԿҪ׷ȥȴͣס˽Ųǵƽһ飬ϰɡ
ֺݵϢƬ̺Ҳͨ˺һĵ绰ʱҪľúһǸ˳ġ
ֻһвſʽĽ뵽ƻ֮С
һڵ˼һɣЩ黹˵ȽϺáֺŵ绰ԼĺʼЩ٣ΪľЩż
ӵ绰ĺһ΢ЩԾ˵׾ʲôȴǽԼĵַʵر˳
ֺ֪صҲѸٵĸ˹ȥ
˿̣һ˫Ŀն˲ʲô
鵽ôˣûнԲ𶼹ңҪһ칦Ҳ
һ߼ٵĽŴϢֺһ߽ŽͣΪľ֤Լϡ
ˣ鶼ѾˣЩϾҲ޷Ԥϵģ㣬ΪҵĹϵװ׵һᣬﻹһЩⲻȥġ
һϵ˺ֻۣԼĶԵһЩЩ˺۾ͷ·ڶһ
ȥΪʲôһﲻؼأֺҲʳԼ⣬ǸܲڽϳŰɡ
һԾķһЦЦ֮ȴ޾ķ̡
ˣĺܸЦɣʲô鶼ûԼжҵС
һЦţֻЦ֮飬ѾԼ೤ʱûˡ
ֺⷬԵЩΪѣһʱ֮Ҳҽŷʡĺ
Ժ֮вԾõӰȴе뷨ڴ˿̻ΪҪ
̰غ˲ӵаŮˣһһܺõŮӣôܹ˷ʱأ
ȥҼҰɣҲֻһ˷仹Ƚ϶࣬ʱԵסԥţֺǽԼ뷨˵˳
̽ԵĽѯʣ֮ҲǣϾɲȷһͬԼĽ顣
˰ɣȻعסͿԣûʲôĻȻȥɡվججؽߣӵԼҲȻ֪
ֺûзӦʲôһ죬ٴʱֵģǵѪеĺһ
˵彩Ӳ֫ʼһЩʧȥ֪֮ǿն
ֺҲԼϲŮӣԼǰ˳أȴʲôû
ֺ֪ԼôҽԺģֻ֪ھȻʱԼΪ˺һļ
ҵ棬ֺｹĽŵȴһȭͷҲ˵Ƿݽš
ҵĵڳţǺɫĵƹҲ˾úʼЩѡ
ֺҲ֪Լǵ˶ãֻ֪ҵĵʱѾ
ҽҲһƣĴ˳߳ĵһɲҲǳһֻ֮ȴЩĳء
˭ǲ˵ļһЩҪ㳣ȣֻһҽ˵بŲĻ
Ϊʱˣֺ˫ͷʼЩľһ̾Ҫˤļơ
ǲ˵ļҽôˣڵΣûɹٵķסӵİֺ֣Ҳæѯʡ
ʧ˾Ͼһн
ȻɹˣǺҲֻ֪ܵȲ˵ϣܳһ漣
ժҽĳؽۣΪһҵÿҲˣȻҲϰˡ
ȻĻллҽֺȻһʲô˼ȴжأܹ²⵽һЩ
֢໤ڣһͷҲɴİţֻ¶˫ۺͱӣЩ԰׵Ĵɫ
ȴ֪Ϊ⼸װ˳
һģʲôʱҶػ㣬ԲΣ֮СڴߣֺĽ֮ҲθС
ϲŮˣӲ֪ʲôʱͿʼϲˣΪŻһЩԼû뵽顣




292 
 

ʮֵļž˲κεķΧ
ȴҲΪ˵Īһ˿˿ҡ
һ֪㿴ҿܻһЩ˽ΪԼĿľȻôһѣֻҪӮĹע
ֺϲͣķԼۣ֮Ҳ޵ıˡ
ûһ˺Լˣһֱ˵ϲˣôûء
̰غմ˿̰ԼڷУһ˺ƾƣҲѾ
ôǲԸźһ
ɵʱе鶼ǰǲţҲ˾ˡ
ҪԼ侲úõȥһ˼һжͽȻΪͷŭûа취ƽ飬ȥúõĿǡ
ֱЭ鱻ǩһɲǣʶԼжôİŮˣȴƫƫ˺
¡¡֮ͻȻһ޴磬Ҳ˾Щ־塣
еľƿһվشǰ޴׵磬̰غһִ׵Ϊ˳ͷųֵġ
ڲͣĴףŵ磬˾бп־壬һҲֻĬĬĽųܡ
Eric˿̴ڼУҲĺƣŵĺ硣
òϣЩӾ˾ķɣȥ˼һЩ顣
ҲΪһЩǣҲ֪еһô
ԥţEricǲͨǸ绰ȴû뵽þ˽н
İ꣬һʱ֮ҲӵǣϾǸѾͷ´׺硣
֢໤ڴ̶ֺڲǰص˫ۡ
ļӴǵҲԽĴ̶˲ԾЩС
ڴϵŮأ֣΢΢һЩ
ǱɴŵͷҲЩҡΡ
͵˫ۣһľľǰɫκѤ
ҪһȴϲκԼĻ·ǲһ
ֺԭԼ֮Уȴ͵̧ͷľŮϤ˫ۡ
̫ˣˣ֪֪жൣ㣬һΪҪ˯ȥԶҲ
ֺһԵ˵ţ۵ҲβסϲãҲʼЩ
һ˫Ҳ͸¶룬Щ˾˭ΪʲôԻ
㣬˭򵥵ļ֣ȴֺ֪롣
ҪٶˣôأһڿЦԲԣ˻ôƤء
ֺ԰׵ЦţǵЦôǣǿҽڴ˿ҲͻȻ˽
鷳˵ļһãҪһȫļУȷûһΣա
Ҵææĳ˽һҲһεģڸڽת
ֺΪҲһֱҽ칫ڣĵȴżĽ
СʱҽŸָļ鱨˽ֻɫԵЩء
˼ҽ˵ĻһҪϾҲǹղ˵彡ȻһҲҪϾҲ
ҽĵĽŰΪľǷֹ޷顣
Ͼ̫ļΪܲ˲˵ĲԹȥҲΪҽ˵֮ǰһ̡
ģҽʲôܽܣֱӸҾͿԣΪʲô᲻ǵ˭
ֺĽѯʣڷӵҲĽš
ĲΪԵʣͷܵ˾ҵײڸոռĹУҲ­һѪ飬ѹӾ񾭣Ҳ˵߲ʧ䣬ҺпܻѪӣʧ
еxڷֺһһͼƬȻףȴҲҽĻ
ȻĻûʲôİ취ѪȡϾᣬܲʧȥɣοһʦء
ֺĵĽѯʣΪľǲȡһô޷顣
˼뷨ҲȽ⣬ϾһŮӣʹʧˣ߻кӵչˣΪѪѹӾ񾭣ǽĻпܻᵼѪѣԾֻʱԵҩơ
ҽеĽһΪľǷֹһЩ
ϾҲкܶΪǿн²˳Ϊֲˡ
Ҳֻҩά֣ͼҩܽѪ飬Ѫļ١
ȻĻ鷳õҩǮȫõģֻҪܹκĲС
ֺ̾һվѡЭʱҲֻҽİˡ




293 ʧ
 

ԷģѡȡҩǽڵģֻǼǮһЩ󣬵ҩЧҲõģʱΪӦúúõһ²С
˼ҲѾȫףҽҲһϾеⶼѾˡ
»صһĴĽֺˣҲ΢΢
㻹ûи㾿˭أıǸһҲǲ˭ˣ
һ˼˵ţȴɿ⣬ڴףɲ֪ΪʲôȴԵЩʹ
ͷ·ʲôһģʶľҪȥһȴ֪Ҫ˭
δ򰡣ⶼǵϾҪˣȴû뵽ʱ˳Ҹû뵽Ҳǣ
ϣֺҲʼԼ׼õĻԡ
֪ĻһЩ˽Ҳֻ취ˣĳȥȹһõҲһ¡
𣿿һҲǵأһǺñԲԣʧȥ˼䣬ȻԼǡ
һ˵ţҲԼͷ֪Ϊʲô˵ôĵ䣬ȴҲ˲
ûϵôеԸһȥԣҲϣȥңе鶼ѾˣǿĻѽϲңҵġ
ֺŵ˵Ҳȷ᲻ᷢǲôҪһ˿˿ĻС
һᾡģҲϣʲôòԵĵط֮ԼҪһЩ
ĵĽỴ̂ΪľǷֹԷԼǵ̫ˣС
СɵϲôԶ㣬ôܻأһһȥһЩû䣬ҲᵽҸ
ֺЦе˵ţ֮еְҲĽ¶
ǰԶԼУҽеһнб¶һеһжıˡ
һɣ¿ʼĻᡣ
ǲ֪ľж١
Ericڴ˰绰û˽ҲǴҴææľȥ˺һĹңû뵽ҵŽš
ԥ˰ȥ˳̰غյļңȻȷһ𣬵ʵ벻һȥ
ֱӾȥǺļңţ˵Ķ֮ҲβסĽꡣ
Ҳ֪Լôˣһ˿˿вһڽϳ顣
̰غǾҵҲǴҴææĴ˳Ϊ̫ƵԵʣŲʼЩҡΡ
ɼǿеȶԼӣڴŵǺһ
ҲѾˣʱһĽͣеһֱʲôûз
ڴĽŴ򿪣ľһʽôûʲôĻذɣô˵ļпһЩʰɡ
̰غֻԼеĻ𣬾֮ҲдЩĵ⡣
üͷԾĽ壬ϵ־ҲĪĲһɷꡣ
һģڲҴ绰һֱû˽״̬Щġ
ŵľţȴҲɿԽű
ʲôϵҲѾˣ鷳һβҪҵļѰңȻʱҾͻñϳȥ
Ƶ˵ţ֮ҲдЩĳû뵽ոӻһˮŮˡ
˵ʲô飿ôôమǰʱŽ飬ںҿЦ𣿲ҼҲˣ
Ericһקס죬ϵҲǲԾļӴ󣬶־ҲĽɢ
ҵ߻мҪһˮŮˣ߳ĺĵģôˣһһ㣬һͬأΪѻ֪
̰غһѽԼϵִ򿪣ϵҲEric˳ȥ
ûκηEricվУˮϡ
㵽˵ʲôжమ㣬ѵ֪ΪʲôҪڮ٣ҵǿˡ
Ericؽţڳű濴ȥΪľԼõһ˿ģҪǸӰ
ҪˣҲѾʽǩЭ飬ͻһЩɳ򣬵ʱӦǱ̥Ҳת˰ɣ𣡡
̰غΪƵԵʣҵĽԼ˵ʲôֻ֪֪˿̵Ѿ˴⡣




294 
 

׷ʲô飬ң֪֪һֱڶûϵ
EricĵĽѯʣΪľܹѰһʵ䣬ôһҪҵһС
֪ۿͱ˷Ƹ꣬ôĶأһͶûУΪŮһ𣿡
̰غ˵ţ֮Ƿ̣ƺڶԼų
һУEricҲ׾Ƿʲôͼ֮пЦȴŷ档
̰غգ㻹ʧ˵İôڿԸ㣬㲻䣬ȻˣԺ㲻ҪٴһǸŮغ򡣡
ôһ仰EricҲѸٵȥԸټͣһҪҵһС
ҹҲѾ˸ָĵǣһԤУоѾˡ
ˣǲһֱڲԱңΪҸоһԵʱһһֱڶԽŻƣ˵ʲôȫȻ塣
һһЦһ߽ѯʣ֮ϡ
ֺĺһһЩģôһжʼøˡ
˵ʧһõѡôҲĸԸʧ䣬еķպǳ
Ϊ˸ǣÿȥ˼Щ⡣
һֱڲǰСèôҵδޣԺˣˣҪغġ
ֺ۵Ľһʱ֮侹ȻһЩڴڻ֮УôҲǳֵġ
ҲŲСèοҲûôɣȻ֮飬Щ黹Ǽǵõġ
˵ţһ˿̵ģʮֿɰͺͺһ
ô룬һ𹶺϶ûκεĹϵѾˣͦ鷳ԺҪǸˮŮˣûҪ
ֱӽ¹ϣűϵһɲǳ̰غϵҲ˳Żڵϡ
Ϊʲôе鶼ôģȴƫƫҪԼĻ
㲻źһһˮŮˣȴƫƫҪһʱĿ֮죬е鶼˵˳ȥ
ڵãе鶼ûл͵ˣҪ
ﲻͣĽŷʡҲڷĴŵϣҲѾ˿˿ѪȴҲԼзݡ
ུ˿Ҳڴ˯֮ѹҲǿٵܵ˰ְֵķ䣬ȴֿһˡ
ǵߵľｫͷڱĸס
̰غգڵϸʲô赽ȥ´׵ʱˣúõı
۵ͯ˵֮Ҳ޾ĵǣһ˫۾ҲĴĽš
ǰÿһδ׵ʱСػһԲͣĽŰοҲΪһǸɵŮ˲Ż´ס
ӽҪǰ裬Ҳˣһһܺúܺõıķչ㡣
̰غմĽкͷҲ޵ŭһոEric˵ĻҲǸӷŭ
ŭҲβԾĶ˶֮Ҳ͸¶ſ־壬Խһ˲ָ
ʲôϵҵĸףο˻Ƿޣ˵Ļûκε⡣
ĽŻ˿ϱֳκεη壬ôʱԲܸ趪
̰غΪȶ˵ԭеĻʼܿƣصҲѿڶ
ҲѾˣЭעǹҵģԲôӽиǸ裬Ҳˣպһһõġ
̰غշ˵ţ֪ΪʲôֻϽһԼǰúõĽһʡ
Ҫֻ裬ҲҪ㣬㻵Ǹ󻵵һʱټıڲͣĻصСӵĿ˿˿졣
Eric뿪ҲڴϲͣĽѰңҵطȫһ飬ȴҲûκεټ
ڳﷳİȣֻҲ˷С
̰غ˵ļֱ˻ôʱˣһһôܻ飿
ΨһĽ;֮һЩɱᣬЩ᾿ζأΪʲô
еⶼˣӦףôܻ⸱ģ
Eric˰Ҳ벻κεĽ취
߲ԾؿһӣʶԼһҪˡ
ֺͨĵ绰EricҲǻæؽѰˣˣ˱ʧˣ취Ͻһҡ




295 Ϸ
 

Ericֽŵ˵ţҲԽԽ󣬾ͷ·ڶԳнųˢһ
ӵ绰ֺҲǴҴææľ߳˲Ϊľǲһκε顣
֮òܿʼһȫµУԲܱЩƻ
Ҹ㣬ǧҪ˶ŭҲϣܹøá
ֺԥ֮£Ǿ˵ȻҲҪ¶Լδݣа¶һ졣
ʲôֱ˵ɣֻҪƽ¾Ϳԣ飬ҲĽ׷
EricЩԭŵҲڷôҲ֤һûκε飬ֻҪͷˡ
һˡ˵Ļȴõ绰һͷ˳ױߡ
ô£ö˶˵һôͻȻ˳أǲǷʲô⡣ؽѯʣŷ̵ҲԾؼӽ˼֡
鶼Ѿȥˣֻҽ˵ˣΪԲһѪѹӾ񾭣ԺпܻɶԵʧҲѾһЩ
ֺʵĽŻ㱨Ҳûнκεɲһһֱŵǡ
ȻĻˣҲһ£˵ҲѾ˵ˡ
Eric˵ţ֮ȴһЩأϾôԸźһ顣
Ҹոպһ˵δ֪˵һЩ˽ҲѾûİ취ˣҪһһʹ
ֺԥŻǽԼе뷨˵˳ôе鶼ֽס𣬲һֱ
Ericһ˵һЩ꣬ȴҲϿɵģ˵ͷô̰غǸ˴һ˹أԲټȥˡ
Ȼ˵һЩԸ⣬֪ϲһģȻĻܹöԷϲ㣬һ£Ͼʱ˶Բҡ
EricʵķԼۣҲûнá
ֺòϵǷȷһЩ⣬ԭΪԼһαӵȴû뵽һжô˳
ҲϣܹչزôʧȥҲһ£ٿЩգرˣҲóθ֮Уһĺʹࡣ
ֺҽԺĳ۵Ҳ޵ĳء
Ҳ֪ԼôˣõԽԽʧȥһ췢һжһΣҲѵһ졣
ôҲ֪ûһһָ˼䣬ô죬ʱһӵġ
EricԥŻǰܷ˵˳ôҪĴУܲΪڵĺö⡣
ֺЩһҲ⣬ôֻϣܹöݵҸΪЩǣʣµ飬Ҳˡ
ʵ˵ţĶʼһЩɣûһʼĽź͹ˡ
һҽԺģҾԲĻԣҲϣܹҸ
绰һͷEricЦţһʼľͿԿóֺԺһĸû֮еô򵥡
ҲΪеĻŲҹĽʾµʱԭڵ鶼ʼ
ģȻѡѣѾȫ׼ɢˣٻȡԵĿ֡
ֺںģ˵ſҲֻԼ֪ΪνԸ
ϲһһֱûлչʾԼУҲεĻúõıһ°ɣ˵׻ΪԼ˽
ǾȥǼҽԺ503ֱͿˣأҲҪ֪ʲô
߲ԾĿһǽŵĲţҲһеһҲõķС
ãϾ͵ϣʱԺúõһ£ȥҲһ£ٿԶ֮أеǳʱԵĿȴ
EricһжҲôˣҲһõ
̰غﻹҪСһ£Ȼʱ϶ٰɧţɲϣеټ֮ǰķзչ
ٵļʻųֱȥҽԺٿͷɴŵģһʱԭЦĳ嶯Ľѹơ
벻벻ҲԼŪ⸱ģƽﻹڳЦңں˰ɣԼ֪жʹ˰ɣ
ٵ߽װһµӣEricЦš
һЦһʱ֮侪˶ҲװһãȻģ
˭ʶΪʲôﲻͣЦأǲһЩëһ˵ţƵĿͶϡ
ԭЦݾӲϣŴҲһ




296 ͨ
 

ʲôҲѾôھǵЩʲôأ
EricһҲ֪˵ЩʲôãĿҲ͸¶žɥ
׸ôſŮ˼ԼأҲǲַʽһЩìܰɡ
λ㵽˭ԸΪʲô벻ȴܾϤأ
һͣգԼ۾ԼʼһЩŵ𽲵Ļԡ
ֺô£˵ֻʧȥ˲ֵļҶǵˣŮ˾ȴЩʲô
Eric˵ţҲһЩץ񣬲ûа취ѽȴʵ
ҲǺҽҲ׼ȷжϲ˶ʲôֺ˿ҲԵһЩΪѣ׾ʲô
ڵ׸ô죿ҽûиһȷƷʵڲеĻѰѪóʱҲԺһЩ
EricüͷڲϵǸŮˣ֮Ҳ޾ĵǡ
һ˿ڲϸǳȵĿ⣬һʱ֮ҲЩ㣬֪Ǻá
ԵЩûڣ֪ĻͲЦˣöԷǡ
ֺֻǷһ̾ϢҲεЦš
ҲֻˣҽҲȷĺұʾҪһЩѣϾѪӾ񾭺ܽһСľͻ׵ʧ
ֺվüͷÿ˵һ仰оͷ·Ǳʲôһ¡
EricȻѾô˵ˣҲֻڴźһ
ϢƽǸĺһҲǸӵĵǣһָ˼䣬»Ϊûڰɡ
ûøô죬Ҫ뿪ɣ˵ʱһҲЩüǵ¡
Eric̲ס˵Щʹ࣬һҲֻ˿ΰˡ
ֺֻǵ˵ͷȴҲûбʾ뿪ʱ䡣
һ˵ĶԻҲǱãȻ
EricʲôʹĻ䣬Ϊ֮ǰܹʲô˺𣿻˵֮ΪһЩ飿
һ̲סеʳ˿ڣ֮Ǻ档
֪ΪʲôǾʲô鱻ˣһǺҪ¡
EricԭŸöԷԼȴϤĽʱҲȵ̧ͷ
˵һ飬Ҿ˭ǲûңոڸҿЦģԲԡ
Ericأǯס˫硣
֮󣬷·Ҫһļιһ
㲻ҪٻˣҳҵȷǼǵոҲֻǶѣҾʲôü顣
һҵĽѯʣ֮Ҳžᣬֻ֪ʲô鱻ȴˡ
֪ΪʲôǿյģȱʲôһȱٵĶҲ֮Ϊġ
㻹˵أǰʱ䷢̫̫飬Ҳ˶ݺˣãе鶼Ѿˣȴû뵽ڽ֮ͷ˳
Ѿǰ˽⣬˵ĻҲû̫ɵ㡣
һþһЩǣȴҲûټѯȥϾڼ֮˵ȷǺܿɿ
ֺһЩˣȥһЩȰɣֻúõϢһ£ϽãȻҵƹ
һ΢΢ЦţЦ֮ȴЩǣǿ
Ҳ֪ôˣһҲ˲ڿ˵ʱʶҪȥ㡣
Է˵֮ĹϵǷҲѹơ
Ericֻ΢üͷȴҲû˵Щʲô֪ΪʲôǾúһڼ֮жǸ˻һӡ
ֺȻΪʲôһԼ֧Ҳû˵ʲôҴææȥࡣ
һʱ֮䣬ֻʣºһEricˣʲô˵ɣǧҪΪЩ˿Ǻѡ
EricһۣΪҲǴеǷݹǡ
һܿ£ҲΪŻ취ֺ뿪
Ҳ֪ԼôˣܾһЩرҪĶˣҪ㣬Ҳ֪ݻɵȷһЩˣϾû취¡
һһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãͲ԰׵ĴɫΪҲԵò԰ס
еֺѾˣ˵¹ϵˣһһЩȣȷһˣľҪˣôټԥˡ
EricԭҪһ¶ȴ̰غʱеĻҲѹơ
̰غڱ꣬ʲôҲû˼أ㿪ʼжϣ˲ʺϺһ
ȻĻΪһʺԼ˺ˣҲӵȫҸܵκεί




297 Ŀ
 

˵ûƭңܸоʲôƭء
һĵؽѯʣ΢΢з˫֮Ҳ޵̽
ȻԸEricƭ飬ΪһЩԭҲûпܡ
㲻Ǿˣû뵽ΪѵҶˡ
Ericƹˤֱӽһн
ôԲܰЩ˵˵Ȼֻӵʹ࣬ȵǸʱ򣬼ʧȥ˼Ҳõ֡
ҾǶ㣬һģˣôôأҪϰ壬һһʱ俪㡣
һҲ̲סЦΪľǻһŵķΧϾո˵ĻȷһЩˡ
EricⷬҲֻǷһЦȴҲûмŽ͡
ɲԸΪʧԼģĻһֶûˣںõöࡣ
ⲻǵΪһҲ֪ҪʲôʱſԴﵽ
EricװһϧӣΪľܹöԷӦҪ
һƷ츳ҲһЩʣҲΪƵĶ١
еʱƷҲָơ
һ𣿵Ҳˣһһʱһһ޶ģҿ˵ˣϷʲôԼҪһ˹ѣϾҿǸոպòͿʼ뵽С
һ̲ס˵ţϾʽޣҪȥһЩõĲϣһЩѡ
ģֻҪԸƼǮʲôĲ⣬ҿԸߵļ۸񡣡
Eric˿̾ͬһһ󷽵˵ţ֮Ҳϲá
֮ǰ˺һþöûӦԼû뵽ʧˣҲú˵ˡ
ˣҲѣֻûôʽ򰺹ĲϣĶһеġ
һں˵ȴԼ뷨ƽʱӴҲǮˣȻĻȻҪúõһ£ʱ򻹿Ը£һЩͷ͡
û뵽ʲôʱСҲʼƽ⣬˵ˣһЩԾء
Eric̱Ļ˲ԾЩУȴ־һ
ֺ뿪ҽԺҲѸٵΪľǷֹʱƻ
û뵽صڿľ̸ģ
벻˾Ȼ̸۵ôģҶѾ˰ɣ࣬Ҳȷ㵽ϲһֿζԾһһ㡣
ֺһߴŲϣһ߽ȴʱʱڷڽɨӣƺѰʲô
ֺЩСҲûע⵽෴ֵҲǸӻ졣
֪֮Ѿ˳Ժʱ򣬺һÿһҽԺҲǰͷ
̰غЭǩһҲûȥ˾ÿֻ֪ԼڷԾƶա
Ҳÿбķſܣ춼飬ȴҲû˽д
һصԼĹҺҲúõĽһΪľǿӵиõƼ
⼸ҽԺҲڲͣţңҲʱһԼƼˣܲһֱȥοҲеĶ棬ںУʱԵĲҪпǡ
һھԥҲڽеﻰ˵˳
Ҳ֪ԼôˣЩвû̫ĸо෴ֻһָ
ֺҲ˷ܣһֺõ飬֮Ĺϵûܵκε𺦡
ȻĻԸ㣬ʧȥ˹ڸһм䣬ȻĻԸߣһһһʱҲ¿ʼһָոĸо
ֺ΢΢Цţ֮ϲã˵ǰһ˽ĽԼߣ취ǿнҪ
ڼȻԷѾһУôӦúúõһԼ
һһܺúܺõŮأһ˹ڸм䣬ҲǸһɡ
ΪʲôҪôأҵѾˣһлԸ¿ʼͲϲ𣿡
ǵĽѯʣ֮Ҳ޾ɻ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲô˵һֻֿܺпܳ֡
ֺⷬҲԵһЩӲԽƬ̱㷴ӳ˹
ϲΣô֤˵ԵҲͽ˶ѣοϲҡ
ֺᶨ˵ţ˵ҲžôһһҪŬģȡλԲʧȥˣòȡһԲ




298 
 

ȻôģôҲûʲô˵ˣǲϣ㲻ҪٰѸ˷ˡ
һҲ֪ԼΪʲô˵ôһֻ֪ʶķ
ֺⷬҲֻǵɴ˫ۣȴҲǿٵԼûйĽۡ
Eric߽ľΧնʼýӲ
Ƿʲô飬ǲ˵ͬĻ˵һ˵ıߡ
Eric˵ţ˾ͬĵĻһ֮ԭŵҲõ˻⡣
EricҾͲܣȥæԼĹôǮԴأʵ˵ǲһصĸ
һ̲סڽѯʣһֱⶼԺ֮вͣĽƣҲڿ˵ˡ
Ericȴ˿⣬ϾҲһ˵ĺ档
ҲٵһԼɤӣEricſ˵š
֪ģһܵ͵Щ鲻׵Ľµʱ׷ҵСӳǶͷŵͷֻ㶯֣Ϳ׵׬ٵǮ
Ericŵ˵ţ˵֮Ҳ޵ԺҲ⸱ģ˵İۡ
ĻΪʲôҪֱǿЦȰ㻹˵һʵģҪΡ
һֱӴνĻ룬ܲεˡ
ֺԭҪһѹƣԷѾʵ˵˳ԼҲ
ԭڵǮ˶ӣʱ򻹻ڴϲͣй䡣
һЦһ˵ţֺֻ֮Ĺϵ˲٣֮ǰҪá
ˣǿˣڶϻ۸ˣȻĻҲûʲô˵ˣˡ
Eric˵仰ҲѸٵĵϣһװģҲ˲ڳ˻Ц
òϣԴʧȥ֮ЦҲ𽥿ʼˣЩյͷ·һҲֹ
̰غÿҲƣֱȽҽԺſͣһ
ҽԺĲڱķͣĽϣüͷҲһֱţִ̱ǵľƾζҲ֪Ǻá
أ˾ĸ׵飬ѾˣǸ׶ٶйʺ͹ġ
ÿսڷ֮УֻñķһͣǺོ򵥵ճ
ǼסһòٺôľˣȻȥסҽԺҲûа취
ҽڲϵҲĵĽỴ̂ϾȾθȷźܴˣοǽĺء
ãллҽһӽжķ˵ſڴϵˣ֮ҲǸӸӡ
ԴӺС뿪һжȻķ仯үҲ𽥵ʧȥЦݣÿֻǰԼڷƺڽҷʡ
Сүأ춼ҪԼ裬ȴò׵Ĺذĸ׵顣
ЩעһЩɣټȥֻܰθȳʱÿֻܺһЩά
ҽһҸҲѸٵȥֻ±ķͳ̰غա
еĳ̰غֻԼһܳܳΣص졣
һվŽͣأﾲıһߵݡ
ͻȻһ䣬̰غվһʢĻֳϸĿȥľվĺһ
˿̵ʮƯ׵Ļɴǰҫۡ
ֻϧյɲһˣɴ˫ۣҪȥһǸףȴҲ޴ӵ֪
ͣĽҪٻȴһж磬޷иԤ
̰غշһУҲٵ壬ڴڵشŴ
ﲻͣʰıķһ
үôˣج𣿿úõĻһҽ˵ҪúõĽһС
ķһԵǵĽỴ̂µʱٷһЩ¹ʡ
ȥҰԺҪԺҾԲҪȥˣҪԼŮһ֮ǰôû뵽һкпܻһء
̰غڲϰյ˵ţ˫ĿʼһЩʧ֮Ҳǳ˰ûڡ
ôڶ޷ţǸŮɵɵǩЭ飬ߵôĸɴࡣ
ɸոҽ˵ˣҽԺúõſԣͻȻȥպҲһЩġ
ķһڲͣĽỴ̂ڽյѪƵĿҲֻܴӦٵȥæµųԺ
̰غնһ˴ڲ֮УЩֻ޴ƽ侲ôһͷСӡ




299 ˣƢ
 

أ̰غͻȻǸӣҲ̲סڽѯʡ
ŲôһĽԼĺ
ķҲ΢һЩɣԥúŽʵ˵˳
⼸СүһֱҷˣûκνҲͰԼ˷Уÿﶼڿ֣ɤӶѾˡ
ķʵ˵ţ֮ҲЩĲƺ˵ŭǨŭ
ʲô̰غ͵ֱ壬ΪѸ٣ϵͷ䣬˲ڵһѪΡ
ѽүѪˣȥҽǧҪķҴææ˵Ҳæ߳˲
̰غնϵʹȫȻֹֻԼĺӺǸŮˡ
Ҳ֪ھôˣǲΪŭзơ
Щ飬˵ҲʼøӼҽʱ򣬶ҽĶһЩ
λ鷳һǵĶȻʱһֱѪҲкôһԺϡ
ҽҲⷽྭˣȻҲλԼ飬Ż˹
ģΪվƣθĤһЩҪ쿵ôΨһİ취ǵƣպ󲻹ʲô鶼θĸԴ
ҽĵĽѣһҲûʿѸٵע򶨼ΪľǷֹκιľٶ
ע򶨼ĳ̰غڴ˿Ҳֻϧ۽ȴĻһۡ
Ҳ˰ûڣвôģȴƫƫΪһʱĿ֮ʧȥİŮӡ
ķվﲻ俴ǵᣬüͷҲ΢΢ƺǲţһүҲľٶ
ɣүȥСүӹһҲÿһСүʱȥСүҲһЩ֧š
ķĵ˵ţҲѸٵȥϾСүҲһҪĴڡ
˵֪˺үʲôìܣһεξ֪һû֮еô򵥡
ٵĻصֱӺཽ˹ķ·ҲڲͣĽŶֻϧˣԼƢϷκε
»صҽԺĲУཿŵڲϵĸȴҲûκ뷨ֻǾͬһͯһ㣬˾Щ
һЩҪ˵̰غֽкȴû뵽ֺ⡣
ΪʲôҪȥҺʲôϵֻҪҵ裬ûκεĹ
Ľ﷢Ҳͼ䲻˾һִ
ķվȴⷬϵĶҲ΢΢ͣ٣ƺû뵽һҲ˵
ҵ뷨Ȼʱ㲻ʧȥ裬ʧȥǵͥ
̰غΪע򶨼ԵʣٴοԱЩԭ궯ҲѾࡣ
ΪǱƢٴκε鷳Ҫһһѵ¡
һߺһҲȥԼƣֺҲںĽţҲ̤ȥķɻ
ɻϣһ͸ɻ̲סһ̾Ʒ·ǽһ˾һЩʵ
ĻԺǾ;ɻʱͿÿ쿴
ֺ˵֮еְ⣬ڴ˿Ҳʼô󵨣ء
˰ɣÿһɻһҪǮοϲʱ棬ÿһƷҲʦͬķ񣬲𣿡
üͷһ֮Ҳ޾ϲãһԼҪȥ迪ʼọ́;ҲƲסĻϲ
ֻҪ飬һе󣬵ΨһҪܹһߵĻᡣ
ֺ˵ţ֮еְҲԾЩ㡣
һǷݰ⣬ҲǸӵĺºͿ־壬֪ΪʲôϲʶЩܡ
ֺþûеõκεĻӦҲǣǿЦţȴҲûй⡣
ܲһζĽǿο֮Ҳ̫⣬һʱ֮ҪȥЩѡ
֪еóҲѾ뵽˽βһ·ɻһɲǣµĿ;ԼҲʼһĿˡ
ˣסҪʱһӰɣһһģȻʱҲЩ㡣
һ̽ԵĽѯʣ֮ҲԵһЩǣϾסһȷһЩ㡣
ҶģʱҲΪ¾ٰһңҲÿһڹеĹ




300 
 

ֺ˵ţȴԼ˽ģôЩҪУǿŤĹϲһҲԲɸӡ
˿ٵȥⷿӵĵطһ̸֮Ҳֱȷ˷ӵλá
һΪǰѾμӿԵԵʣҲ׵ҵѧУʼԼġ
òϵǣƷԴԴϵк͸ָļɡ
˾ЩʵȴǶԼֵ֧Ĳ⡣
һ·ı߽ǣŸָķ룬ţ첹ԵָķҲ˾֪ʶ޵ġ
֪һѧϰѾ𽥽뵽βһԼııʼǣһʱֻ֮гС
ǰƵʱ򻹲ʲôֱرԽԽƣ֪ԼƷжٵ覴á
λͬѧҹһ£һЩҪ㡣ڴ˿վڽ̨Ͽĺһ֮ҲԵĴ͡
ôȻһֱΪѧĽҲָˣȴûмһƵĿϿͶ롣
ڣʲôģвõĵط𣿡
һĽѯʣ֮ҲԵĴЩĵִϾĴҵġ
ûʲôֻҪһΪʲôѡҵأҪ֪ҵ֮УҪͷأ»һЩѡ
µĽѯʣ֮еȴҲĽΣһǰ¶ȴΪԷĿ־޷֪
ȽȰɣҲںֻ߲ҪϲƵĶͿԣΪҵƿԸ˴֣ôҲǿֵġ
һʵ˵ţҲûκΰķеʵĻȴЧı﷽ʽ
ӵ֮ǰ̹ѧͬǰ˶ϣԼͷأʱ׬һǮȴͬ
ôһ仰Ҳеıӽ˺һϣѧ֪ʶҲǴڸѧ
еı΢һЩͣþûлعһ紵úһԾĴ˸
ͷǹ⻬ı棬ֻǲķڿıʼʱҲ΢Щ졣
ûпĻеҪ죬û뵽վȻô׵ľͻˣǽڶϿ
ֱӻصķ֮Уû뵽һžŵ˷˵ζҲ˾ó˼ҵζ
ôô㣿Ƕ𣿡̲סڽѯʣҲ̰ĺǷ˵
ȴû뵽ߵǰľһӾµͣ滹Ĺâ
ĵһ죬Ҳףһǵ·ӣҵȻҪ³УֻδһԹĲˣԸԼ 
ֺһЦһ߽òϵ˵ζȷǲҲһһĺá
û뵽㻹죬һЩˣôĳԲǧҪ˷ѣϾĵһ졣
һ˼˵ţһӵķҲԵЩᡣ
ģֻҪЩ˸κ⣬ÿһķҲȽСͲκв
ֺںģ˵ŲôںľǶԷ⡣
ֻҪһģʲô鶼ֵõģŮ˲ģôһеĺƭҲֻȡ衣
ȻĻôҾͳһִķ˾ʲôζ
ٵϴֱ֣ڲԱ߽Ʒ㻬Ҳ˾һЩ
ζĺܺóأЩ⡣һ˵ţ֮е־Ҳ𽥼˲˶Է㡣
ˣȥѧϰôˣûκεѣϲʶµѡ
ֺ̲סڽѯʣôֻŮ˵΢ѯҲһ¡
֪ΪʲôڰıʼǸˣǶһЩͣ˰ɡ
һŷ΢΢һ٣ȴҲһںӡ
ôһҲһҪúñֲŶԣպҲѧϰָ֪ʶȻٲ˽ڵķ֡
ʵҲһ£˵ĶһЩ֮أ˵ʱýԼƲƷƹ㡣
ֺʵ˵ţϾÿһλڶԼԴȻѧƲƷƹȥ
һ˵ȴһЩͬôԼƲƷӦɱС
Ϊ˳ͽƷ˱˵УǵԼʲôϵأ
ΪϲƣԲŻ·ԽԽԶֻΪ˵ֺαأ




301 ϵķ
 

ʵ뷨Ҳֻͬ뿿ԼȥԼĲƷ󣬶˵׳󡣡
һеĿӣ˵š
Լִź׷󣬲Ը׵ȥ˵ͶԼĿġ
ÿһĳɾͶǿԼһ׬ȡģ׵ıˣôЩԻʲôأ
ֺ΢΢һ㶣Ҳûټ˵ЩʲôϾִҲһ¡
ˣǲҪЩˣϽԷɣȻʱ򷹲˻Ҫȡ
ǿЦţٵ˵仰һʱҲԻص˷֮УŹϵ顣
ֺ˿ҲѾʽĽӹԼеĹ˾ΪԶڹ⣬ֻܽеѻһѻͳһѵĹ
СؿƵ飬ҲѹͣΪľǷֹ˺һ
Ȼô˽ҵ֪ʦƵʱԲҪ׵Ľдֻ˸ָĲ
һԼķ֮Уıʼǣһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôãֱһݸ߼۵ĲƲ
ݲƲأҲκεĽǮ޷ȡģΪ˸ָѪ
һҪúõķչȥȻĻǹ˽ڶҵΡ
űʼǱֲԾ֮߬ҲЩļ㡣
һ԰ܵˣοԼϲϸˡ
ںԼĸһԣҲ˾һЩꡣ
̰غҲֻǾĴⳡսۣɲںӵĺûںľʲôʱ
ལ˵һ飬㲻˵Ⱳ㶼޷裬п㻹»һĸס
̰غҲֱͨ뺣úһС˷ʱ䡣
ֱӽ˵һЩĻҲöԷʶԡ
ԭҪѿصúལⷬҲѸٵС˲ǰ֮Ҳڴ
ֻϽԼĸף飬Ҫȥ
ʲôģȼĸ׾ͻ
ôſϽңȻʱҲŹ㣬Ͼ㽫ߵġ
С棬˶һЩϡ
ȻĻôҪȫҲУ˸׼һشľϲʱͿ»صУǻһҸһ𡣡
̰غһЦݵ˵ţֻЦ֮ȴЩĽƻ
Ϊһף̶ûУӶ޷ˡ
˵ԭĸӶڴ˿ҲͻȻŽһ˶һЩԱ
Ҫľĸ׸ϽǵߣֻĻܽһ֪֪ĸ׾
̰غھһϵ̵֮Ҳʳ⣬⼸һֱڷ룬ʲô鶼û뵽
ུ͵ҡͷҲ֪ôźãϾһĲ֪
үϾҪҩˣúõ׼һ£ھȥؼҸ׼һЩȻȥθֻӵۡ
ķ⸸ӶҲֻεҡͷȴҲû˵Щʲôֱȥ
ҽأҲٵĽһ飬򵥵Ľһ̣ҲԸͣ
ϾҽԺŸָĲˣÿһڶͣĻĲҲһ¡
Ĳ֪辿һ룬Ȼľûˡ
̰غշĽŴߴ٣Լӵ֮ҲЩơ
ͲǸŮôģ׵ĽԼĶһʼڷ̸
治֪Ų㣬ҵȥҲӦԼѰңΪƬԭͻɶԷİôҿԸ㣬㲻ʺһԼļͥ
ཿٵ˵űҲѾ뿪˲ڳǳϡ
ֻԼĴһȫ֮
̰غտǱϵţһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãֻεЦš
⺢ӵƢֱһģһĶӣֻһξôźأѲɾ
ʱн֣Ů˵һˣô죿ǸʱҪ֧ˡ
Ժ֮вԾһӰ˲ҲָеĶ־һ֪һ
ֱӲͨEricĵ绰̰غҲԵһЩԥôûԼһ˵Щ
Ericӵ绰Ҳ΢һЩԾ˸Լ绰ʲô˼
ѡ˽ͨ绰ôܲΪһЩԵʾ;ܾ˺Ϳĸס




302 ཱུ
 

ʲôɣûʲôĻôҾæͷϵˡ
Ericͨ˵绰ȿڣҲԷκҪѯʵĻᡣ
Ժ֮вͣĽţصÿʱлƲסŭ
Ericһ֪֪һھҲѾʶҵĴˣֻһصУĻǻҸһˡ
̰غտڽ֮ҲЩĿ󣬲ôûа취ʧȥһӡ
绰һͷEricֻǷһмȴҲԸټ
ʧȥʱжôںôڿʲôĻһŮ˶ԼİЦ뷨
̰غգİӦðԼȫζнԶԷͣĽлɣôҿԸ㣬㲻ʺӵһԼĸ顣
Ericĵؽŷ棬ҲٵĹҶ˵绰ɲ˷ʱ䣬黹˰ɡ
̰غտѾڵĻһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôѲҲж
ĻôպôأһںδΪʲôԼĶӶѾˣΪһʼôں
ུ˿̸ոմ˽û뵽ľŵ绰һĳ̰غա
̰غԭھ᾿ôȴڿǸССӰʱҲһƲߡ
ལںˣ賹ײҪˣʱֻǸӶΪ
̰غҲֱӿʼģʽźһΪһĸףһڰй۲ԼĶӣֻҪκη紵ݶһһ
ʲôϵһжԼȡοҿԵȴ뿪һ˹¶ϺˣڸԶһǿƵ״̬ûκεں
ིͣؽѵ⣬һԼⲻĸףжʱʼջ
ôˣȴƫƫЩ黹÷ִ磬ļƲ߶
ŶĻˣҲټ׷󣬴ӽǸӶ˾Ϊ˸ԵĿŬ
̰غҲѡ˷ģʽôֻǾѰҵһİ취
ôʱҲڲͣĽ˼쾿ʲô飬Ϊʲô֮޼أ
˵һԲԸ񣬿ƫƫʵͰǰ˲Ŷѣοڼŭ£κ˼Ƕڡ
ٳ벻׵ֺΪʲôҪôأѲɾΪԼ𣿿ĻҲӦѽ
һһԺ֮вͣըѿ˵ͷʼЩʹɼҲڷ˼Ž
̰غգҲҵĸףôҲԸ㣬һӶҵĿְңڼеȴ뿪
ôһ仰һһεȥУڲ֮УǳûôС
ķٴ߻ʱ򿴼ľ˯ĺཡ
ѾˣȴƫƫĽţǾǿģҲ͸ĸһģһ
ôԼΪʲôڲأǲǺ͸һЩ
ķ̲סڽһѯʣ֮ҲԵǡ
ϾӶ֮ĹϵһֱǺܺãûзڼ䲻ͣĽŵͣһֱʲôչ
һӣĵôõһƫƫˣ˵жôˣƽëëģҲ˼ǳ̰غա
ͬһСһﲻͣĽŷĽҲͷͷǵҲκε覴á
ˣҪ˵ЩˣҪľүϿָȻȥ׶ûˣ֪𣿡
ķϤĵĽȰΪľǿ⸸Ӷ˹ϵܹܲС
ϾѪԵϵÿŪúͳһʲô֮Ц
ҾǲΪӣԼ˴ȴƫƫΪԼű⣬ûпǹˣʲô
ཷ˵飬ҲǸӵķкᡣ
ķԼȰЧҲ⸸֮нŴݡ
ʵʵԼıְɣ黹ˡ
һߣһúֺҲѾ뵽Ϣ·ĴϣȴշתѲࡣ
һҲ֪Լôˣܾһģܸоڵʲôȴ֪ΪԶҲ벻Ϊʲô
˫ۣ־һССӰͣǰŻζǻζŵȴԶҲ
ĲͣĽŷ˵ҲԽĸӡ




303 ָ
 

ֺ˿ڴҲ֪ǺôҶѾʼˣǲ֪ܹʲôʱȻһжڳźõķչǲ֪Ժˡ
ڶ죬µһҲʽĻе˶ΪԼŬ
һһѾȥѧУΪľǹ黹ڵıʼһЩʱ佫ʼȫժ
˵һЩµģһЩõ֪ʶҪһ¼ſԣȻ˷һεĻᡣ
˵ҪúõģлһлıʼǱΪƵкܶⶼû׵ģҹıʼǱҲид
һϿҵ˵ţ֮еҲװġ
ȻֻһĬĬʦƵ·ҲԼ롣
ΪŸӦŬС
һ԰ɣҿóպһΪһƼңϣ㲻Ҫô꣬ҿóЩҲȽϼΪϣܹе١
ڲĵ˵ţ֮Լ¶ŵǡ
֮ǰһ츳ѧɵأƫƫΪС
һҲˣȵĳһڵʱ򣬲ŷЩµʱ̫̫˵ļ䶼Ƭ̵Ŀȱ
Ҫ˵ģһᱻеңοڵҲ棬׷Լġ
һһһٵ˵ţ˵ĻҲý̲סһ͡
ѾȫˣȻĻҸ㲼һ˽ҵϽһƷסһҪõģԵĻھͿܸõѵ
ھһϵԥҲȷԼ뷨
ոտѧʱ򣬾;һЩ⣬Ϥĸо˾öЩʵ
ҲΪҪĽ࣬ΪľһֲЩź
ڣһЩϹ涨ɣұϾҲһģ˽󻹻˵ķС
һĵ˵ţ֮ҲŲٵĵǣϾЩ黹ǲҪűȽϺá
ģЩ齻дԲκεţҪľϽ׼һԼƷסһҪãҪһЩ
һ˵ţһ߰ŪԼеıӣҲĶ˿ͷʹ
ȻĻڿʲôʱ׼أҲʱ㽻ȥȻҲЩƽ
һĵ˵ţµʱѵʱ䣬һЩҪӰʹҡ
˵ʵҲֻǽƷ͵һ棬ȻҲ֪Ʒʲôģϣ㾭ѧϰܹһЩջ񡣡
ڵĻո˵꣬ҲѾ½½ѧΪżԵʣûע⵽֮Ľ̸
Щ˼ע⵽ˣҲΪǽڶѧָá
صλϣһҲڷĽŹ˼ΪľܹһƷ
֪Լļ﾿ȱʲôԼһЩƬΣƬ֮УƵȹõ˵⣬ҲǴ
ֻսᣬƺǳһЩ⣬Ʒ۶һЩͣͲǰ
ֺֻԴڼдŹƵҲһһĽͨȴǲ֪ƣģ
ôʱһֱΪһֶµĺӣڸһȥ˰裬֪֪˾Ѿѻ̫Ҫ
ָڵ绰һͷͣĽָ֮Ҳ޾ıˣôҲû뵽ԼںĺӾȻһӡ
֣ôһֱķԸҲ밴Լ£֪㿴һжЩʵΪһô࣬ҲŬĴ⹫˾飬ҲԿһÿһĵõ
ֺҲԼʵʳɼԼĽ
Ȼڹ˾ȴƫƫԽеĹãһЩȴҲѾ
ûһֱȥҲǸ취˾֮дССҪһմĿ𣿡
ָȷţһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻã֮Ҳ˹ǡ
ŮأҲѾȥ˹⣬˵ѧϰһֱϵϣھҲΪ˸ȥ档
һһдҲὫһдã֣ϣѹ˾֮Ҫңÿһ춼ŸָĲɡ
ֺԥ֮ҲڽԼ˵˳ôڹ˾֮ԶŸָĿ⡣
ʱ䳤ȥеѾĥɾȴҲؽż֡




304 ڵϿ
 

֪һЩ㣬λϣҲӦÿǺܶ飬˾һִģҪĻҿҲԽܡ
绰һͷָĳ˵ţôԶάһȸȴ˺ӵĳɳ
Ҳ֪ԼĲ㣬ƫƫ֮УкܶҪע顣
֣˵ЩҲףôҴûйֹ㣬ֺЩҲ⡣
ֻΪ˹ϸõҲ¡
ƫƫֻô˷ȻеᶼѾ⿪ˣûбҪټƽȥ
ȻĻʹͷϵĹɣҲѾˣҪúõϢˡ
ָ˵ţҲѾҶ˵绰Ըټ顣
ֺͷ̫Ҫæµ飬ܲһֱΪһ绰ͣ͡
ֺѾڵĻһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãҲѾ𽥵ȥվҪһϸչˡ
Ҳһ˽˰ɣΪ׷Լİ飬׶һ˶ڼС
һѧУڣҲÿһ׼ƲƷв
һԭ֮лһЩΪԼ˹ʺˣȴϢ˷˲١
һϲռС˵ˣ飬ҲǸΪǣµʱΪԷԼ
һεƱҲغǵһɳģܹģȻͿԲμӱϣÿһ˶ԷԼĳʵ
̨ϽβĽۣҲѾģϽеĶһ
ΪľǿԸеףֻϧλϵЩֻǹͷ⣬ƲȤ
෴һոյѧü棬һϸСĹؼϷŹ
еĶͽûʲôĻǾͻؼҺúõ׼һ£ڲʲôǰ걨ͿԿǵÿ˵ľãҲǮơ
ƽ˵ţ֮ȴҲ޵ĹػȻһҲԼгﱸġ
˵һεĻȷʵڣѧУÿһϡ
Ҫ֪Ʋѧмˣÿһ˶Ҫ򣬿¾ҪķѼʮǮƣѧУҲһ¡
еѧѾ½½ȥֻкһһ˻λϣͣĽо
һϸСĹؼһֱûŪ׵ģҲΪƵݣͷ·ƿͻơ
ʲôĿԽѯʣûбҪһǵġڣָصķںһҲ˾ʮֱֹ
ģ·ȹΪùߵķʽϺãһù߾ͻһЩš
һüͷ΢΢˵֮жžᣬҪ֪һ߽ǵƾ;һ·ĺû
⣬֮ҲͣϾݵһƿ
·½ǲ˵ĴŴ磬ÿһ˵Ϊ
Ҫ֪һ·ĿҲк֣ܶڿŸָļƷҲͻ·𣬵ڱ߽Ǵ׽𻵵ġ
ȷһܴԴûķʽΪʲôأֻǵΪΪʲôȥ˫Եķʽ޲
ֻǼ򵥵Ľ˼俪ͷԭڲȱͼֽѾʼģ͡
ˣллڣԣҴô޵ķʽ֪ûС
һԵһЩΪѣ֮Ҳ޴룬Ͼһ·ĲҲźܴӡ
ʵҵһЩףΪʲôѡ޵Ĳأ·棬һЩµĲϣпܾͻܴ
ȴһһЩף̹ѧУÿһΪԼ޴档
ɺһȴͬ·ʳ̶ȡ
Ϊϸķ·޲ΪģЩɴĲһһЩ˷ѣһأҲ
һʱĽŻش˿κεϾ˳ɹʿǰҲֻȡ衣
ˬʵЦţ֮еҲ޷εġ
⺢ӹȻʶĲ̫һûпȻĻŬƷɡ
ôһ仰Ѹٵ뿪޵ĲϣﻹһЩ٣ҲҪвɹС
һԤУŮպƽһһЩɼЩɼҲЩȡ
һĿŽȥҲһεչԼÿһҲá
治֪ĲƷܲܵõڵҪŬĳһ²УܲһЩź




305 й
 

˵ţһҲٵջԼߣ·ŵƸϡ
òϣרһʱʱ䶼÷ɿ졣
ֺͷϵĹҲֱѧУӺһ߽ҿľڴӱ߶һƵ
ŮӵĲҫţ˵մҲЩĹ
һƤķ˿˳ջȴҲ˼С
е˶ѾˣֻʣһˣôѡúõϢһ𣿡
ٵǰȥֱһԵֺ֮ҲЩ͡
һŮܸ˴һЩϲڲ֮䶼˾һЩн˶
һҪÿһ˳һƷȻ˵ҳէǲҪŬһԲУҪʲôȻȥɣһٻȥ
һͷҲ̧˵ţȴƸ棬ѾֳЧ·ڴ˿ҲԵʮҫۡ
ûʽŹգȴҲԲ뵽ʱһĸо
һԵɣﻹһЩļҪڼһҲһЩȤ
ֺҲԸŮӷֿһĬĬĽ飬Żƻ£˵ĹҲѾ뵽β
ٵ˸ͣĽŷɣһֱԼƣڴ˿̶ɢ
΢΢ͷģֱ˯ߵֺ
˳ĽëʱʱķЩգ˾ƺڼ¡
һͶ˴⣬Ҳ̲ס
ֻһȱ
ΪʲôǾȱЩʲôأоտյģʲô£
һĿڵλã૵˵ţһʱ֮ĿҲ¶ʹࡣ
ͷʹһʱ֮޷ܣȴֻؽ֧ţ߬ȭͷ֮Ĵָ׵ĺۼ
ôˣǲһЩĻ˾ȥҽԺúõļһ£ǧҪĽ֧š
ֺһѹľǺһſҲ΢΢Ĳ
ûû£ѹˣͷһЩʹҺúõϢһ¾Ϳԡ
ǣǿЦţɫʼЩ԰ףȴװһʲô鶼ûзģ
ٸκ˴ϵĸֺ鷳Ѿˣȥ
ðɣҽ㿪ҩڿڴȳһƬɣ˵ʱԻһʹ
ֺĵ˵ţ֮ҲԵĴŵǣһЩ־־壬һָ˼䡣
΢΢ףһҲٵĽҩӿڴ˳ֱȥֿɬҲڿǻ֮ڲͣĽ
ҩЧɢʱͷʹڵõһЩ⡣
ûʲôˣ˸Ͻȥ̳ɣȻʱҪƳٵ죬﾿Ҫʲô飬˭ҲԤϡ
һٵĽҲֱվӣԵЩȴؽż֡
̻ϺõĽֵϣʼ죬ĿأҲһЩֲķҷ
ʵʲôֱӺ˵ģûбҪĽأ֮ĹϵҲûôְɣ
ֺ΢Щ⣬Ϊʲôһڿı֮ľ롣
ǸҲ֪ΪʲôһӣʶķӦ޷иıģеʱ򾭳һΪҪ飬ȴҲ벻
һԥҲԼ뷨˵˳Ҳ֪Լôˣÿһκ˴һʱʼЩ졣
ʶľҪжܣһ뵽˵ЩȴҲֻǿԼſ
ֺܣһʱҲ֪˵Щʲôá
ԭΪֻҪ㹻ŬͿһеĸңΪʲôڿҲڲͣĽأ
ûϵһӦͺãĻ֮ĸɣôҪ㶼ǣЩҲӦõġ
ֺǿԵĽŽͣȴҲöԷ޴ӽлӦϾȴ޷н
ȥ̳ټ̳Ҳɢ㣬˾Щ
һЩɣȻʱԷûʲôõģҴƷʲôҲҪ򣬱ϾķӣЩȫҪһ¡
һٵıԼ˵ڴǮҲޣЩѾ㹻ˡ
ȻĻôͽѡǮʦԺǮˣˣǧҪңȻʱһܰյġ
ֺһί˵ţ֮Ҳ˼˼Ҳһίĺӡ
ãģܵʲôʱ֮ĹϵԶʣҺƵҲˣҶĳŵ




306 
 

һһһٵ˵ţ֮Ҳ棬ڹҵҲ˲ٵæ
ϣʱܹס˵ⷬҪԺһʱҽԹ
ֺС˵ţҲһͶע
̳ڿٵĽһѡСĻصⷿУҲû¶ʼЩ͸֧
ӻ̫ʱû߶ˣйһĹ򣬾;ûһЩ֧
һ˿̱ɳϣڵĴŴ֮Ҳβסƣ
ǰôûзԼȻôһĹ򣬾û³ƣ롣
ҲǽĶһЩˣɣ㻹ǺúõЪţԺ˭ʱ˭УȻҲҪúõѧϰһԼĳա
ֺĵ˵ţµʱԼԳһ
Eric˿̴ԼļҲʮģҪԼĺһģȴֶԷѾ˹
ﲻͣĽ˼֮ҲЩĽԳȥúõһ棬˵ʱ򻹿һˡ
ţEricҲٵȥķɻ
һֺ˿̻֪EricĵڶԼвͣĽŲá
һݵϢҲڻָȫٵĽеĴһҲ˲ࡣ
ڷ˵ҲڲͣĽƮ˾ö˼ּҵĴ
һҲˢ֮ճƷһ򵥵ĲãΪľǶһЩܰ
ٵڲǰͣĽŰڷţҲò϶һš
صɳϣͼֽ˳ͣĹűԵԭһЩȱıԵƬ̵ĹҲԵ
ӻӦټŬһ²УҪһЩĲһССĳºˣûмǴĻ⸽Ӧ޵ģҲЩһģصıݡ
һС˵ţǦҲڶϱţ֮ҲЩǡ
ϾһϸСⶼǾ·ɰܵĹؼΪвǸӵĽţ֪Ǻá
ҪЩˣǿһԷɣһҲѾһûгԶˡ
ֺ̲סһߴ٣ÿһοŮͼֽģ;ʮֵǡ
µʱҲһЩ֧ţһεĻ˹ȥӰͷѪ顣
ôͺˣٶҲԽԽˣȻĻԺͽ㣬ʱҲһЩ鷳
һƺڿЦȴҲ˼棬ǺϲڳŴ
̵ζҲ᲻ԾһЩУʶҪִ
ûϵֻҪҪҶ㣬ϲķˣôҾһֱԣֻҪ㲻ôԶһ˵ר
ֺ˵ţ֮еְҲ·ǳˮҪû
һҵıܿԼߣҲٵĽ˻תơ
һȥ򼸸ޣϾһ·ĳɰҲҪһܺõģأЩҲڱ׼ģҿеĲһССĳƷ
һڽۣͬʱҲԼյ뷨˱
޵϶׵ҵһЩȱ㣬ô֤·̫⣬ʺͶ뵽
Ҳһ£ϾĹҪһʵģأԼʾ϶ⲻĵ⡣
ֺΪⷽרңҲǺһЩҪΪһõʦͱֵĿǵÿһ˵ʡ
һ͵ĵ˵ͷͬʱҲΪԼ뷨ֵûϲ
Ͼÿһζкʵʵ֣ȻҪúõĽһòС
һҪһȥ𣿻Լһȥ˳극˳ɢһɢ˵ҲһЩҪĶ
һٵĽŽͣΪľǷֹԷһЩ뷨
ҲǵҪȥ͸һ͸飬ɲҹĽ˼
ҲԣҽҲûʲôˣȥɢɢ ԣӦɢĲŶԡ
ֺԭҪ˵ɢȴ뵽һʱҲ޸ġ
ȻȷݸûпܣŬˣһһЩŶԡ
Eric˷ɻҲѸٵĳ˵ļҸȥǰһѯʣȻ治֪ôźá
ֻϵĵַҲǷؽѰңòҵˣȴֵ绰һε
̰غǴʦĵ绰Ҳ˾Ի
㵽ʲô飿ûµĻ벻ҪҴ绰ҲԼѲҪһֱΪ𣿡
EricԵһЩ֮ждЩŭ𣬲飬޷




307 ͻ
 

̰غռٶŭȴҲùĽʾֻǿнѹơ
ֻ֪һھҺòãһֱ裬Ҳúټȥ
̰غе鶼ѵཱུϣΪľǷֹԷΪԼԵʶԸ֪
Ericڵ绰һͷֻǷüͷȴҲ֪˵Щʲôá
˵Ƥ𣿾Ȼ˵ĺһ붼Ѫ
ٴκ˵һ飬Ҳ֪һھ֪ĻΪʲôҪȥأΪڷ곡Ϸ鷳ҵʱȿһԼ׳ûԴ
Eric鲻Ը˵ҲٵĹҶ˵绰ֻԼһϲ飬ҪٹĽп
ٵİ壬ҲֱӶź󣬾һڶԲصĺһ
ֺԭڳеķˣҲһɵĽŴ򿪣ȴֿһˡ
ٴתҪŹʱȴֱǯƲܶ
ֺҲǾģͷ֮жЩĵ⣬ȴڿʱеʼɢ
ôͻȻ˵ڲӦڹǲΪһ̫ˣ˺úɢһɢġ
ֺϷŰĽѯʣ֮ҲԵ£ȻҲǸʢһ뷹
㻹˵أˣһ˶ڹÿһ쿴Щӹ׵ҸоûָˣòһļڣȻҪúõķһ²С
Ericһ˵һƽԼģǽٵĲ
ڷɻЩɻеζҲЩԽܵģҲˣԷ˶ǺٳԵġ
㲻㵽ôģ䷹ôԶ䷹㻹һ
ֺ̲סЦһԷ̻ʵģо;һЩЦ
ҲһͥˣȴƫƫҪСһ㲻
㶮ʲôһַʽһ˳Էһ˹һܣôҿԸ㣬һԸ裬ֵ˲Ҫ¡
Ericһ㶼ں෴Լ˵ⷬʮֵľ
ʵˣһԸȥʱſԸоǷݰжô
һֻǾĳŷҲԸ֮顣
ˣһôˣ˵ѧϰǲ֪ڵƾôˣûСɫ
Eric̲סѯʣԺ֮ȴڻصų̰غյ
ӦôźãǰЩȫ˵ʵĽ
Ҳǳ˾ᣬϾһϲľԼĶӺལأΪ˵ĻҲʼһ׼ͥĺӡ
ԣҲһƻҪȥμӣֻóһƷѣ˵Ҳһ£ҺúõĲıһ£ⷽҲһس
һЦ˵ţ֮ҲԵĸоϾжԷæһЩǿ϶ǲġ
ҲûʲôһҲԣһҪסǧҵл滭Ȼʱһġ
Eric˵ţ֮ҲԵĻ죬Ȼһ鶼úܶࡣ
EricôǰûзôϸҾȻԽԼ˵˸С
һ̲סһİ۶֮ҲԵ
ɲô˵ΪʱʱûУʲôʸأ
Eric˵ƿúһ˶ʼһЩãȻҲϹ˷ʱ䡣
һҲﹲͬоЩƵķͼɡ
EricΪһרҵʿҲ˲ٺĽ飬·ıԵҲԼҪƷ
ûյװλ·ԵһЩأƮƮŵҲۡ
һվ﷢Լۣ°͵ҲԵһЩţĴҲ˺ˮ
·ҪľҪ֤㹻ʶȺԣΪڲϵѡҲһѡ
ѾѡҪô޵Ĳһ·ɴ޵Ҳһѡ
һϴĹлˮأʱ·ҲС쳣
ȵǸʱͻ⵽ָͶߣ˵Ҳһ¡
ȡɴķʽôŵʱҲ϶̣пܰװ׵˷ǸǮ
֮£һѡѡô޵ĲϣȻҲҪǰһУһëͷСһײֻԼˡ
Ȼô˵һҲǽΪҪģڲһΪ㣬ӦĻ




308 Լļ
 

ҪĲۣһʶȣֻ۶޷ôʲôأ
һҲ̲סŷ
EricҲûмֻĬĬĳ
ҪһõķװʦҪĲҲǼԼ뷨Ҫ˵
ֻҪϲͺãϾǵһƷҲûʲô̫Ĺϵοէȡ˾޴ĳɾͣ˵ķС
ֺ˵ĿڱԼʱΪŻ˵ļʣԼһЩ鷳
ҾԼκźÿһƷþȫȥŬ
һ￴ԼƲֽ΢΢üͷ
ȻĻæֵܳȥһߡ
Eric˵ţҲٵקֺȥ
ڽϣ˭ҲȴĪ͸¶һɷꡣ
ʲôֱ˵ɣµĵԸ񡣡
ֺҲûκǣֱӾ˵˳ôЩ黹˵ͺá
ģ̰غոҴ绰ѯʺһȴ˹ȥֻһθô졣
Eric¶Ϊѣһʱ֮侹֪ǺãӸԶ˾һЩѴ
̰غձϾǺཱུİְ֣ͺһŸ᲻ϵĹϵ
ֺǸƽӣ֮Ѿ˵ĺˮƽ
EricⷬӦֻЦţȴҲԸٹĽۡ
ûĻԺҲδһ£ϾҲҪһ衣
Ericੲݵؽѯʣƺʲôȴ¶һ˿ᡣ
ֺǲ⣬ʧȥĺһδϲˡ
һжԵֺˣ㲻˵Ե֣պȻٴαظԼѹݵƽöȫȻʧأ
ֺһͻЩҲ¶κεĵǺͱ΢
һʧȥˣȴʧȥ֮źµõ
һʧȥˣҲںž룬ǸĻأȴҸС
˵˳ȻɣһҲٲе飬ϾЩһˣԼһЩв
EricüͷһЩգΪʲôҪѣ
׾ӵһԣðűΣա
պһƢպָ䣬֪յⳡԣҲָ׳ɣ
־һʲô˵ֻ뿪ģΪʶˡ
ˣǸһһЩϲԵˮˣҲҪЩˣȻԶѾ˵ˣûء
ֺ·ӵжһԷ˼̽˸ףԸκεĴ
EricԼ˼ˣֻڨڨЦţȴҲûнлӦ
ÿһ춼ڼвͣĵȴĸ׵Ļع飬ʧԶǺϣһȡ
еʱʧҲһСԽܡ
̰غռѾתԺȴҲÿһڹ˾֮вͣæµ߷˸طֻΪѰŮ˵硣
˾ͷ·˼һѰٲκεټÿһβҵʱ򣬶·һ谭
һ㵽ںδҵԸҵĻᣬ¾һͣҲԸ𣿡
̰غ˵ţ֮Ҳ޾ıˣ󲻵Լվôġ
ǰûŮ˵ʱ򣬶ƽ棬ӵ֮ͻȻȥŻһожôʹࡣ
ͣĸеᣬƬϺһǷЦҲЩԡ
һ˿̶һ˴ڰķУ͸ӿϦµȴҲ͸¶ź
һڴ˿أȴ˼־
־Ҳ˾е˸УЩĹâͷ·źһ뵽ÿһ˵ļС
ԾĸĿڴλãֻЩտյģȴڲͣĽŰο
ǾԼҪļ䣬ȴҲ벻ȴʲô
ǵļأһճһһֱճĿڴλãʱʱһЩ˸оǷݴڡ
ԾüͷԶ˵Ŀ֮ҲЩľᡣ
Ϊʲô벻ԼʲôأǶҪſǣ֮ȴʱʱ¶һЩ档
ǵԼξ֮еǸСкôĿɰãأҲмơ
Скһ信ʵĲӲͿԿóСкĸס
ŬҪξ·ںԼһһжʼ翡
ͨһͿԸоǷ㣬ȴҲ֪ʲôԭԶ޷ܺһ




309 
 

߿ԶǴϢȺоȻҲһ˿˿
һЩڴãã˺֮вͣĽߣԼҪǸˡ
һòϵǣ뷨ֵʱ˵ҲԵЩӲƺǲţδ£Щɡ
ɲ֪Ϊÿһֺвûйȵİ飬Ҳֻһ飬֮л˿˿⡣
Լ뷨ǴӺζоǷʲôˡ
˴Сض飬վڴǰĺһֺǿǰȥѯʡ
ôͷǲˣǵĻ͸ϽҩȻʱһʹġ
ֺĵĽỴ֮̂һ˿˿ţ֪Ϊÿһοͷۣܻᱶп־塣
ҵδ𣿡һعͷʶѯҲֺӲסӡ
ڲͣЦģ˭˶һЩ١
ôͻȻ⣬ΪʲôʵЩҵȷ㣬һ㡣
ֺֻЦ˲²ⲻЦ֮оʲô˼ԼĿԸоǷ顣
EricȻ׷ЩʲôȴҲֻǾŹӣŵӣһжһ״̬
ʼֻҪһû뵽أݱҲ𽥵ĳΪ˽뷨
ֺϲһϲҲദ֮б̰˽ԸָĻƭ
ʱڷʡԼľǶǴһûʧ֮ǰ᲻ϣԼǸˡ
ǲİɣһôǿŮӣôܻһж֮еأ
ȻĻҪ֪࣬һֱţಢǺܺãҲԸȥܡ
һֻ΢΢ЦţüͷҲ˾һЩʵһЩɣЦŵʱüͷϲŭ
ȻĻͺɣҸ㿴һ㶫һֺҲֱӦ
ȻĻͰе򵥵ĽһشˣֻһЩٵļ
ȥ˷䣬űϵһָֺֻ̣ģ
ҲˣأȴԸָİ취˺㣬֮Իʧȥ䣬ΪԷŮ˸һ𣬶һʱܲˣ˼Ŷײˣۼ֤һеķʧȥҲѡ
ֺһּĵı˶ԾһЩ˸УȻҲڻʵԡ
һ˫۲ͣԺ֮еļ䣬ȴ޽˼ǣͷҲʹ
ˣҪټ˵ˣҲЩ飬ѾȥˣҲʱµˣ⼸յദҲ˸ʺѣŮѣĺܱǸֻϲ
һԥ֮»ǾԼʵ뷨˵ôǲҪԷĸ顣
ֺһз·Ԥһ㣬ûκεľȣ෴ĽҲһֺ¡
ȻܳΪޣȴԳΪõѣأȴ޼᲻ݵġ
Ҳ֪ԼڵĻԾжô׾ӣɼѶѾ˵˿ڣҪȥ
ģҶҲѵУֻǲ֪ܣֻܱôһӵĻԣϣʱ㲻ҪԹҲźá
ֺЦȴһЩ飬֪һжǼȴҲ޷нܡ
Eric˿ҲڲͣĲ֮ĶԻû뵽Ҫһ̽ʱȴץ˸ס
ErcϣһĽֺ֪ͣҵδΪʲô࣬ѲҲҪƭ𣿡
һӷ˳ͿٵĽʣǼĿҲʶҪܡ
ңֻǲ֪ô˵ѣϾ֪ʱĻѾʼҸϣһٲκεķա
Eric˶ʼЩţ˵ʼͰ͵ģϾŵԲƭԼѡ
أȻΪһССһѣڶԷûκμ¡ôһϣһȥԣһֻԵʽҽƭ
һüͷ˵ſȴǸӵĸӣ֪ΪʲôĴ֮ҲʼһЩơ
Щ𰸾ͷ·ڿĽһκεͷȴûа취е顣
ߵǰٵƸ壬ͣؽ޸ģͷҲ·ڴ˿̿˹һ




310 ϧ
 

ֽͣϽŹգһ˵ȫҲ࣬˲ҽп
ֻһЦȴҲûټ˵ЩʲôϾЩһ˵ͻеš
֪ѾҲѾ뵽ԼķϢ
EricҲѾ˾Ƶ꣬һڴϣҲԵһЩᣬշתѲ⡣
֪ΪʲôֻҪ˫ľǺһƵĿ⣬ҲǸӵǡ
̰غȻƢãϸһյǷˣ˭Ҳ޷ܡ
οо飬˭Ҳ֪ԸźһΪǾԲ¡
֮о˭ѣ޷һԣҲһ¶һЩŰɡ
ţԭѾϮ⣬ڴ˿ҲɢٵӣֱӲͨǸ绰ֶʼЩԥ
һͨˣ˵Լ֪һںδͨôе鶼Ҫȥ
ţҲǸͨļӣ̰غֻһֱԣڽյĵ绰ҲѸٵĽ
ôˣǲкһϢˣеĻ뾡ң֪ԼˣİӦκεĻɡ
̰غһ˵֮Ҳ޵ĿԸоǻ֮еƣ
ֻһһ쾿ʲô飬ΪʲôģĻҡ
EricԥҲʳ˿ڣֻ֪྿ʲôҲ뿴һ˭˵һĻԡ
̰غյ绰һͷԭŵҲͻȻչֻɴβסƣ
еһ֮ҲЩİûڣ뵱ʱôģһ˼ضԼ
֪һΪˣȴƫƫΪСӵƢͣؽˣŪ
ȻĻʱ㾿ڿʲôҲ֪һһͲǵˣΪʲôҪأ
Eric̲סʳ˿ҲǸӵǣһ鶼ӡ
ֺͺһԶ̸ģҶԼģлǰͲסҪȥ룬ڴϣΪһôأ
̰غ̲סһʣ֮жʼһЩƫ
ҲҪźһΪˣƫƫе鶼ǰԼ޼¡
ˣȻĻһжһһ»صߣͺúõϧɣû䡣
Eric˵ҲٵĹҶ˵绰ԸٹĽǣ
ԼĿԲ²⵽྿һģɼҲԸ⽫е˶ô
ֺ˿̴Լķ֮УŽ飬ҲǸӵķŭ
ԭΪԼû뵽ԷѾʶһУҲڼʱ˴δʲô̫顣
ǲ֪飬֮д˵Ų⣬һЩ١
һڴϣҲƣ˯˹ȥ˯֮μһԼСӡ
ڶһ磬Ericı˵ļţҲɫͣûа취з
ôˣͣⲻԸʲôֱ˵ɣĨǵĵ˾һЩʵ
һһ߳һ߽ۣ֮ҲԵ̽
֪Ϊʲôܾ˻иԼȴҲùĽѯʣֻԼȥ̽
ô㣬ֻҪһЩѣ϶Ҫÿ͸ָͣвͣʱ˾ͿʡһЩǮˡ
EricֻĽŷܣҲԶŰڷͼȴҲ޵Ļϲ
ͼǾ޸Ϊʲôôı仯˿˶öĿһ£ʹͳЩβһ
̲סһѯʣͼҲһЩҪͼֽûա
ͻȻģȻһЩ⣬Ѿȥ޸ģһʽڣʲôҪ޸ĵĵط
һڵĶһֻڲͣĽܣеķ궼һɨ⡣
Ѿˣټ޸ˣ޸Ĺͷ֮ͻ˾һЩ٣ʧȥʼζ
EricȻ˵ߣȴû뿪ͼֽԽ̰
һŮľͺˣ·ҵϣҲһԾķɢ
̲סһ̾Ϣ֮ҲΣһЩգԼһкӡ
Ericʱ򳣳ԼΪʲôһŮЩƯ·ܴԼϡ




311 
 

ȻĻҲѡȥԣʱһһŮҵǺڴ㴩Ÿ߸Ь·ӡ
һƺڿЦȴֶ˼棬˶ԾһЩ˸С
EricֻǷһۣȴҲûټ˵Щʲô
ˣŮҲ˵壬֮ϣһ׶ҵķװ·ҲҪһ޶
˵ţҲЩԺһԼ·˲ͬҲ˲ȼڴ
ģȻҴӦһһΪһ׶е϶ѧڶס
һųŵ֮ȴҲ޵ļᶨŵһͲз֮⡣
ǧҪƭңΪʱһᵱ档Ericȷ˵ţ֮Ҳ˿˿ǡ
Ҫ֪һʦһ죬ͻгŵһ·зܡ
˿ǺѣʱҪҵģءһСָ˴Źҫ˵ϣʮֺг
ٲ͵Ļе;Ѿˣ˻ǿһȫעĳ԰ɣһиԵҪæء
ֺ޼ģһʱ֮һЩʣЩ⣬ΪʲôһԺκദǢȴܸһأ
ǷģҶѾˣһһһȥѧУͰĵĴϹϵ飬ǧҪٷˡ
Eric̲סŶ֮ȴ޾ǡ
Ҫ֪ϼŵĲҵڹڣҵĹڹ⣬Ҫùڵ飬һҪעС
ֺֻҪǺͺһйص鶼ʧȥе侲ǡ
ֺ΢΢ĵ˵ͷڶԷҲûκεĲã෴һЩο
˵֮ǰĹϵ㲻̫ãأѾԳƵ֪ѣѾ㹻ˡ
ȻĻҾͰ˽ˣǧҪסԲúһκεΣգȻҾŹ㡣
ֺݺݵ˵ţΪҲǻԾһգϾһվͿʼýš
˶ˣСƢϽԷɣȻһҪٵˡ
һ̲סһͣһϵıʶʱҲϾҪˡ
Թ緹Ericе˾ΣڿĹҲںС
㲻ÿһ춼ôģҲ֪ǴӺζЩϲá
һ̲ס˵ţȴͼ棬ƺҪѰҳЩ㡣
ҪٿˣٷֻͼһЩȱ̫٣ոպã˭ܱ֤Լûκ覴ء
Eric΢΢Ĳͷڸʻϵĺһ̲ס˵š
֪ΪʲôڶԷͼ飬һЩС
Ҳô˵ϾԼƵĶ̫覴ãҲһЩܣŬ޸ĲΪҪģ㷸˴һȥôʲôԼĶء
һֿʼ˵ģʽ˵ЩҲ˲֪νз
ֱӽ͵ѧУEricһųﳤȥ˰ȻҪúõĹһС
ո߽ңһֵľǾۼԼװÿһѧ
ÿһƷװѧ֮Ҳ棬ҳκεķ
ԼǸλϣڷŵĲϣҲŵЦ
һҪһһֻǲ֪Ʒ츳ܹʲôʱ
ڸϵʱ򿴼ľÿһѧƵģҲο߲ԾתƵһϣԭο͡
һոѧȻ˵ľ򣬶ϺķһЩʱȥŬ׷Ѱ˵ȷһǱѧ
˲Ҫ׷ɣҪԼƲƷһС覴ҲǺģǲҪԼĲƷ١
̨Ͻ̲סỴ̂ЩٵƷüͷҲԾ
µľЩѧΪԼĲƷͷ޸ģЩ޸ԭΪ͵ĲƷӲ
ʱĽҲ𽥵Ľ뵽βһԼƷҲһЦ
󷽶ֶؼõ˾öĿһ£ССĳƷ֮УȻ˿˿ʡ
ɫĲ˾·˼Уڵɫֲôĵ
䳤ֺʽƣҲ˾󷽡
еѧԼƷҽһһһȷĴ𸴣ȻҲϣһγΪ֮ҪһʯʧҲҪ٣ҪڷԼĲ㡣




312 Ʒ
 

̨ϽڲĵĽỴ̂ΪľǷֹЩѧΪԹޡ
ӸոյѾȷһβƷɼҲҪһʽС
Щѧ˵ѧˣеԶһ̬ܵȽѧϰ
Է̬ܵȣȴҲŶص棬ֻϧҲֻʱģʱ䳤˾ͻĥƽǡ
һǸСȴͬĵһ֪ԼݺͲѧϰ
ÿһƲֽʱҲᾡһЩʡЩʡĲأҲĽơ
ĵĽż飬ȷûκ󣬺һŽƲƷȥ
˿˵Ʒһʱ֮ҲһЩϾÿһѧԼŬ
Ȼ֮ǰҲһЩƳƷΪԭ򶼳һЩ⣬ϣһοƽ²źá
Ǵҷһ٣ÿһҲҪȥɼһ·羰Ϊǲһҵͷ羰йصķװҪ֪ڵҵҲԽԽڳȥʱҪѡĵ·ǹװ
˵ҲٵЩƸͼ򵥵ĳƷֲԾĸ߲ϣҲǸ򾲡
ʲȥһֺĸоҲ֤˺ͼһûκδ̼º͡
󷽶صĲüҲ˾һЩڲ֮ͬҪȥй
ãûʲôĻǾˣڡϵϺõѧӦҲٵȥ
ÿһңʱ䳤˶һЩˣʱȥɼһ·羰
ȻҲɢһɢģô
һһЩҪ˵еĶһԣҲ
̿͸үүŮų̸ǽںѧ
ڣʲôҵƷһЩȱĵط𣿡
ţһĶһЩҲ֪ԼôˣһƷпܻ⣬Ĵ;ʮֽš
ƽһԼ飬ǧҪţֻһЩҪѣʵҾͺãҲϣκٵԡ
ڸŶԷǷݽţԼʼһЩ
̫̫ѧеҲȷƤʵ־츳ѧֱ̫ˡ
΢΢ĵͷӦҲģҲ֪Ǻá
ңΪʲôѡʦҵأҪ֪ʦҵҲָı׶ˣһ֤Ʒ׷ѡ
µĽѯʣ֮ҲԵ̽ǱȽϺ棬ܹһŮӶ˳ԡ
һֻҡҡͷһʱ֮Ҳ֪ĻӦ
ΣſʼԼӦ
һʼʱֻΪʦҵȽϼ򵥣ⷽҲһ츳ҪŬУںӴʱ䳤˾;ⷽҲȷһЩó֮ԽԽϲҲһֱȥ
һԼӵԽлشûй໪Ĵ壬ȴ˾ޱȡ
ûһһЩɼպôأ̲סѯʣȴҲ˿˿¡
ǱȽϺ棬һŮɼ󣬻᲻ΪЩɼ͡
ɼôҪֻǸƲƷеʱܻһЩ⣬ЩҲҲŬķ򡣡
һ˿̵˿ĸоǷš
ЩҲ𽥵ķ
Ů˳ɼ֮˶ڿȻһЩˡ
ãھͿԸһεĲǰ׼ϣܽô㶼ŬĶ
Ҳ˹ӣΪľܹöԷøӽһЩ
ã˵ɣҶεĲƷҲûʲô̫ϣϾҲֻǸողʽĽ뵽ѧϰ֮УЩѧ֮ǰһѧϰƵĺãġ
һ󷽵ؽִۣҲ˾ʮο
Ҳô˵ԼķҲԼ츳κûа취ѧϰġ
ڻ΢΢һ٣ȴҲһοڣһβƷģ֮ԻѡƷҪԭ򣬵һԭѡϣںۣڶͬʱҲԽͬʱиѡԭ򡣡
ǼССķװ˳ĴԸоǷʣοǴϡ
Ծĵɴ˫ۣƺǲһжģ֮ҲЩ롣
ԼһոյŮӣȻŲĻᡣ




313 ڵ
 

ڣ㻹ǲҪ˵ЦˣϾֻһէˣô׾Ͳˣ»˵Ĳ
һĽۣµʱһֻһΡ
ĺڴ˵ⷬģԼʵô֪ܲأ
⺢ӣͶôˣôܺ㿪ЦأŵĻԼһƷڲѾӮˣڴԼЩҲֻǷ˶ѡ
ʱ˵֮ȴЩˣϣԼ̳ѧ⸱ģƫƫһѾΪ˶֡
ʦҵҲᣬɼҲԾŲƷʼʧȥʼζ
ŮʱȷһЩȣΪϴŵ·ԸоǷӱͳ
ѡһԼѧμεıľǺúõĿһѧ֮ом͵ġ
û뵽ôһʵģȻҪúõһ²УȻպɥʧһžͲˡ
ɣҲֻһˣƷȥˣ»ѧǵĲҪ˰ɣѡһΪƷ
һ¶ΪѣЩᣬȴӲͷƤ˵š
кܶأ˶Գ࣬οҲҪԼĲ㡣
ˣҵû˭˭ҪľԶӱһˣӮҡ
Ҳһ̺һΪ˴µİ취ʲô鶼ҪãôԼŬʲôأ
ڣ֪˵ЩֻҵƷһ覴öҲܽܵġ
һ˵ţŽڵ֮ҲŸм
ԼƷȻҲϧᡣ
ҾͻյĽϣʱý׼Ǹ㣬ҾһείֻҪҿϵƷܽ뵽֮УһһģذɣԼΪԼ·Ƚ˽⡣
ôһ仰ҲѸȥԸټս
ټȥҲһᱻŮӸıԼ뷨
Ѹٵȥ˵ʱҲԸıһĿ
ۿŽ뿪һ֮ҲǼ临ӣ֪˵Щʲôá
ҲڲͣĿ飬֮ҲӾᡣ
ֻҪһ㽫ЩѧҵɣʱƳõƷΪʲôһжѾƫ˹켣أ
˵źõķڽзչֻҪһ㽫ϵƷɡ
ȥμʲôıʲôĽЩ˵ҪҪľᵽ㹻Ļ֡
ΪʲôһбأֻǰԼ뷨һƷȴײĲμ˱һо⣬˵̫ˣ
ﲻͣĽţ˼֮ҲڷĽ
ֺ˿̴ڼУŹ˾Щ鷳£ֻͷʹ
ܣ̰غչ㣬ڲ˵ȥˣʲôʱʱһ档
ʵĽŻ㱨ҲκƵԻҲԸоǷƣ
ֺüͷ壬ƺû뵽ôͷӦ˹һʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻá
ȻȥʱҲ뿪칫˾黹Ҫдʲô¾͸Ҵ绰
ֺ΢΢ԥһ£ſڣҲʱûȥˣȻֻٵĻɡ
ںһEricչܷģҲʱԼнһתˣټ˺κˡ
һҲѾþûкˣҲǳúõĺùͨһУϾ֮ĸԶ޷ϡ
ֱӲͨõĵ绰Σ˽
磬ôͻȻҴ绰ˣǰֵ岻𣿻˵ʲô顣
绰һͷѩ˵ţԼԸоЩ顣
ûʲôͻȻþûô绰ˣʺһ£ôôˣ
ֺ˿̵ЦݶԵһЩɬԼһЩְôʱ䣬ղ֪ʺ
ڶͯԺƽʱչһСӣżһЩһԼ֣ôˣ˵˾ĴСһ۰ɣ
ѩ˿վڴǰĳҲԾ
뿪ôʱˣÿһ춼ڼкͶͯԺͣҲһֻ֣ûЩպǳˡ
ҲɣûӻЩϰأһҰˣʲôʱһҺͰ֡
ֺҲֱѡԵĽЩ黹ǲ˵ȽϺá




314 ع
 

Ҳûʲôȥģȵպ˵ɣڹһҲͦõģÿһûκηա
ѩ˵˵ȴһεͳôɿ֣ʱЩ顣
ֻûô˰ˣȴͻ
ĥ͸еʱֹᷢȥڴһݸֻõʧ
綼ϣܹҸǲͣĶԼǿʲôʱͰְԶڼеȴ㣬ΪǾļҡ
ֺ̲סԽŰοΪľöԷܹᵽҵů
һôԳƵǿأ
ԼԼȻ˽ģֻЩаˡ
ЩܲһֱŶܣһҪȥԣǲ֪һʲôʱᵽ
˸磬Ȳ˵ˣһҪȥһЩСأһСӵȷˣԶ֪κεǳ
ѩĽ˵ţ֮Ҳ¶ǹ⡣
ȻĻһҪչ˺ԼʲôһҪһʱ磬ǧҪһ˳ǿ
ֺĵĽŶµʱһЩ顣
áִٵĽ̸ҲѸٵæͷϵ飬Ҳ˼ϸոյ̸
ֺҲһʰعԲԷĻɡ
һЩнҲһ£лȥӴһµĸ飬Ҳѡף
ֻǲ֪һʲôʱſԵǵȵ˻ָһ죬黹ܷȥ
һһԺ֮вͣĽɢֺ˶ʼͷʹ֡
ȴҪװһνģΪֻſԲ˿Լ¡
ִٵĶһŻعĻƱҲǿٵдһ뿪
ҲԼһᣬеĻᣬһֵӵиõˣأҲֻ֮еһ
EricԭҪͣĽй䣬ȴڽյ˶źҲѸٵֹͣԼĽŲ
һʱ;չˣҲûʲô飬ҹ˾ȴȥ̰غǱҲѾģұȥסչ˺һҪ¡
ֻĻϼ򵥵һ仰ȴԸоβסĵģ˲ԾĶʼһЩĽ
ҲΪҲǸӵĸӡ
̰غ˵ģôҲ˵һ֮ԷΪֺڱвٿء
ЩٿؾΪʲôѲֻǵģΪϲûа취õԱ˺
Ҫ˵ĻôڵĺһĽǶȣ
ڳҲǷģս˷̣һʱ֮䲻֪Ǻá
ЩԺ֮УͣĽɼҲ˵ȥֱָܼ͸
һڽ򵥵ĽһͣŲͨEricĵ绰
ûʲô͹һ°ɣǿģܸʡһʳǮ
һЦ˵ţ˵ҲѾһ
ǲô˵ʱλõƵʦ
Ҳعһչһֱڹ⣬ҲһЩӦ
ˣҵĹϾ͵EricһСһӦҲٵĿ˳ӣֱӳѧУȥ
һ˿վſھеƸ壬Ǵ̶ɲҲԾüͷ
ҵĹѾˣ֪ʲôʱŻϳء
Ericٵ˳һʿķʽŴ˿ϵЦҲͬʼһ
ڹ⣬鷳עһԼ󣬲ȻʱҲˡ
һ̲ס˵ţ֮ҲԵ٩һֱףô˧һΪʲôҲأ
ˣ̸Щ飬˵ɲҪģлǷԺͺˣѾѾ㹻ˡ
Ericںģ˵ŶһҲ⣬һҲȽɣûκξҲһ¡
οҪأͻȻһͥô˳Ȼأ
ˣ˸һ飬ֺ˾һЩ飬ȥһʱ䶼չ㣬һҪÿһźˣȻʱר˾Ͳˡ
Eric˵ţ֮ҲϷŰҪһѾͷ
ûˣÿһ컹ŸָҪʱź㣬ڳԷʲôľǮˣûκǮ
һһЦݣ֮ҲԵĴƣһѪû뵽ʱôˡ
㡭ƺҪ˵ЩʲôɵߵĻȥ




315 
 

ʲô˵ͣҸֻнһ죬պĻҪԼѧˣȻȥҾҪƲˡ
Ericĵ˵ţ֮Ǿ裬Ȼ˵ǿЦģȴ档
ЩʳƷǺϲ෴ϲһЩҵζ
ˣһϢھҵƷȥμӱһЩԥ֪Ǻá
һԥŻǽԼĹ˵̸Щ飬û취
Щͷ·ͷϵһһһֱûа취иʹҲĪһЩС
ȻĻôȥμӱˣҪ˾أһжϣģÿһ춼ƽƽҲû˼𣿡
Ericʵ˵ţҲֱӴ˶Էͷֹǡ
Ҿ룬ֻǸոȥһѧôͲμ˱»˵ĲʱҲһЩ鷳
һԥһ˵һ߿˴⡣
κ˴鷳ȻҲϣ˶һЩѡ
һεıǲμˣҲһܵõյʤԻǲҪðա
Ҳô˵һֱΪԼƷ㣬ôûҲôأ治κ˴鷳ӦԼʵУÿһ춼Լ
EricĽûΪľܹöԷеһЩ
·Լ߳ģҲԼһһƴģֻǵΪһжôָô룿
ˣҲ뿼ЩˣһһɣղˣҲҪúõ׼һ²ſԣûǴĻҵĸһҲ͹ȥ԰ɣҼ۸Ƚϱˡ
ͷڳϸֻͷҲ˲١
ȶĽţʻҲǼҲ͹ݣһűŵ㡣
һԣһӵĲˣҲٵĳΪƣԵʣԷĹ̶ʼöݡ
ֺڻع֮ҲѸٵĻص˹˾û뵽ľǳ̰غա
벻ܳôͻˣȻĻͺúõ̸һ̸ɣҲ֪ҵӾȥ
̰غտڳµĽۣеĳԿ׾ͣĽҡΣƺҪɳȥһ
ܴҹ˾ſôһ£ѲҪ̲𣿻˵Ҫһ̸飬ûǴĻҹ˾ûкɡ
ֺûκη壬ֱӭȥҪһ˾ҪЩʲô
ֻһҵӣһûκɣ֪㽫ҵӲصҪʱʹһЩǿԵֶΡ
˾ĿԣԸоĿ֮мдŵĻ𻨡
ܻǴԼ⣬ҽʣõ黹û°ɣһ֮ÿһԵˣ֪𣿹𣿡
Լãֺ˫ĿʼһЩɺ죬Щɱ
̰غնһЩȴ⡣
鷳㿼˵ңõԼоϵģûҪϲңοΪһ磬Լö޷й̣ܽǺúõķʡһԼ
̰غҲϼƽϣֱӿųȥ
ʱ仹úõһһȥ
˾㷹ҲѾص˼УEricµĲƾĿ˫ĿʼһЩʧ˼ҲһƮԶ
̰غնԺһҲǿԸоģ˵շ飬κ˶ûа취пǡ
ںһʧȥ˼䣬ӦӦ֪أһֱȥа¶һ죬ʱ˵᲻˶ܵӰ죿
EricһҪ㣬֪Ϊʲôҵξܻ֮һСкҾ벻ǸСк˭ܸ֮ǰʶһС𣿡
һٵɳ̲סڽѯʡ
EricԭڲͣƮŵ˼ڴ˿Ҳҵһ½㣬ȴһЩմ
Ҳ֪λشѲҪ˵ǸĶӺ
һ˵һúһһЩԽܻ赹ȥɡ
˵ָ࣬أ
ʱһ˵ˣעź滹ŸĻѻȥ졣
Լξô֪οζ෴ģ˵ʱһСŮأǧҪЩξ⣬ĺΡ
EricҴææؽӦ𣬱ҲٵȥֺңѾʰ˸ɾҲκξס
ѾôĴϣҲǲͣĽŷȴ֮һŻȼա




316 
 

һԼķԺ֮ȴһֱǸСӵӰ֪ΪʲôһϤС
ԾóֻµЩ˳̰غա
ǿݵĲ˵ͷҲԵһЩʹϸֲܿƵģĻϽŸ
Ϊʲô˵ʱ򣬻ĪһЩʹ
ĿڴǸλãͷ·ʲôҪһ
ֻĻϺͳ̰غйصıڲͣĽŲţֵ߳ǸСҲ˲˺һߡ
ǸӣȻʵڵģΪʲô
ֻٵEricķţһĴһЩ
EricԭѾ˯ߣȴ⼱ٵҲѸٵĽŴ˿ľֻվĺһ
ôˣҵḶ́ôˣ˯ĺ𣿡
EricЩ͵̫Ѩһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôá
㿴СӾǳξ֮еģ˭
ֱӽֻƵڲͣĽŷӳСҲ·ǱŪдһ
㣬￴ģΪʲôƵEricһѽֻ˹ֶЩ
ʵҲһһּ䵭ĮĿ˵ţҲ޵ʧ
һʼ;ﲻԵĵطƫƫЩǱڸһ Ҳκͷ
ÿһƭ֮ˣֻҪ֪ΪʲôԼǸСӵʱĻۡ
㣬ˣȷظһ飬EricԵĽǡ
ңҲصı˫ۣһҲԼ壬ȥƲסԼƢȥ
Щһ֪ˣζͱˣȷҪ֪𣿡
Ericȷ˵ţ˵֮Ҳ¶žᡣ
ֺ֮ǰҲû뵽⸱ģɡ
㲻Ϲȵķô͸ϽҾôһ£⼸ÿһ춼ߣԺ֮жСӵӰ
һ˵ţ֮Ҳ¶޵Ľ
Eric̬Ҳúһȷеһ顣
Ҹ㣬ҲҪԼſԣϾͷһЩ˺ûд
Ericĵ˵ţҲǸӾᣬϾ漰˺ü˵档
Ļ㻹ֱӸңҷ²⣬Լ˵õĽ֡һҲʧȥеģֱӽʡ
ֻ֪ǸСӾ˭飬Ҫټˡ
ÿξ֮пǸСӣиҲпֻţµʱӳʲô⡣
ǸСӾĶӺལǸ˾ɷ̰غգȻ֪˾ᣬΪһЩŻǣ飬Ǻ֪Ҳȫ֪ˡ
һüͷƺǲһеʵࡣ
㵽׶ʲôΪʲôеһʼ֪ĸһأִһӣ
Ϊʼƭһ֮ҲЩĲɡ
ЩԵһʼʱ֤ˣпеڶΣΣҲΪŲò衣
ģûƭ㣬ӺལΪʲôξֶܻ֮ӵӰҲĽˡ
EricɬЦţ𽥿ɬ˵ЦݣҲ˾ö˼ֿ
ҪҵĶӣôСһӿ϶ѰɣҾʲôҾȻܹĶҵĺӡ
һϸִ˿ؿס˵ӡ
Ҳֺ֪һĹϵ̰غ˵޼飬Ҷ˽˵˵ѣѾ۲пֺ
EricԥŻǽԼĲ˵˳ֽǰס䲻ͣĽ˳Ȼ
һ͵վӣŲʼһЩƮ
ôҲţֺ课ȻݺһоΪʲôأ
ʲôֺһĵؽΪˣô飬϶˴󣬶Բԣ
һȷ˵֮ҲǱнţʼû
һʼԤϣֻϧЩһֱеأԸĽۡ
ɵһЩ¶˵Ұ֮Уһֱ˰ˡ
ЩҲ֪ҪľǸϽԼƷɣһҲϵһ³̰غգн̸ȽϺʣҲֻһԹߡ
Ericһ̾ϢҲѾĴ㡣
ܹҪһĽֲУ򳤴ȥҲֻŪĴҡ




317 ཱུĵ
 

ȻĻҰ齻ϣʱ㲻ҪƭңΪ治֪˭ˡ
һĽ˿̵Ҳһʧ˷ĺӡ
ججĻصԼķ䣬һ֪Լȹһҹġ
ֻ֪˯֮ǺӲͣѰӡ
ڶ죬һ硣
źȦ𴲵ĺһľǿŵˡ
һξ֮еǸСӺཡ
裬㵽ȥһ˶ˣ˵Զᶪҵġ
ڼԼ裬Ҳһѱס˺һϸ
ûκηĺһ˸С֣˵ʼһЩӲ
̰غ￴ڵĺһ΢΢üͷȴҲ֪˵Щʲôã֪Ϊʲôһִһƺʲô
ҹһ£һЩҪ˵ҲһҪ׼С
Ericվֱӳ̨ȥɫҲ޵ǡ
Ҫָ䣬һЩѣΨһİ취²һЩУһҲֻ˳Ȼ
ô£ΪʲôҾúһŸıأǲ⣿˵˺ེҡ
̰غմ󵨵ĽŲɣ֮ȴҲЩĴ𰸡
Էһֱû̸⣬ѾһԤ㡣
˵ĵȷûȥŵϣһ˳ⳡҲͷһѪ飬ҲΪѪʧȥһļ䡣
Eric΢΢ĲͷվĺһֻεĽ̾Ϣ
ȻĻΪʲôǰҪһֱأýѽƵϣҲҰɡ
̰غǿѹסеŭΪľǷֹںһǰһõӡ
ԼĿԣ֪˵Ƿʱжôˣһĸ㲻ǲ֪в˭ܵˣΪѣҾԲٴη
Ericη˵ţҲѾϳ̰غյģĿԣȴ̻
ˣҲ̸Щ飬ûʲô취ܹúһָ䡣
̰غձͷҲԸ˷ʱ䣬Ҫľúһʱ⡣
Ҫа취ĻѾָˣⲻûʲô취Ļпܻᵼʧһʦ
Ericĵ˵ţҲǸӵǡ
Щ飬;һַҲ
˿ེ̣ͺһ˴ڿڲͣĽŽѾʧȥһЩ䣬һϤĽŹͨ
裬ΪʲôཾأǲǽˣüûˣཻΪ㲻Ҫء
ཿ˵ţǿ˭ˣҪӱԼĻУһϧ
Ҳǵ㵽˭ˣֻ֪ÿһξ֮жĴڣEric˵ҵĺӣȻҲǵˣһŬĽлġ
һʵ˵ҲԸѣСӵԶô棬һԾ͵粻崿
ྲྀһֱ㣬ҵһ죬ʱһֿžۣ㲻ϲְ֣ô˾ȥĵط
ȻСѾ죬һЩ˵ҲѾĵõ
СӻͲ˵ĻǺ͸Сһģôɰĺӣ˭˶ϲһô
һ̲סһޣ֮ͣЩ
ԼһӿҲЦѰɣҲˣС컹ر
Ericͳ̰غ˾վ̨ϣĸӶ֮ദԾ¶Цݡ
ĿǴˣһֻںͺһʱŻ¶Цݣ⼸Ȼÿһ춼Цȴûзġ
EricҲ̲סһпͻȻԼĹ˽ˡ
֮ǰһֱΪֻҪһܹԶǸңͿܵ㹻Ŀ֣ȴƫƫкӵ顣
֪һʱҲѾˡ
Eric㻹ȥѧУɣһƷڼȻ˵ѡȥôҲһҪǰУҲˣŬһѡ
һҲ֪ΪʲôڿǸСӵʱеĶҲѾȫ
ˣ֪֪ҸոջôȰ㣬û뵽ôѾɹˣȻĻҸϽȥֳȻʱڸõȲˡ
˼򵥵Ľһ̸EricҲһεĳ䵱˾ְ𣬽뵽ѧУ
һոտҵţһ˵ɷĿ͡




318 
 

ǺһһεĲƷģոҲѾչʾƷ죬ϣʱҲѧһ¡
վ̨߽ϲͣĽۣҲûκ¶ʵ෴¶˿˿͡
ԾĵδͷմʼһЩ΢졣
һЩӦ飬;Ǳ¶˵Ұ֮һ
һ㻹ʲôϽҽһĵãҪʱһ˳еɼ
̲סһߴ٣ΪҲǶһ¶Է־ֻ֪һֻͷڹ꣬ôԶгͷ֮ա
ΡΡ˽̨ѧ֮ҲǸӽţȴǸССӰʱš
ҵҪ֮Уÿ˶ҪһЩȽʵĻҲˣҲŻѡ޵Ĳϡ
һվﰺͷ­ŵ˵ţÿ˵һ仰Ҳٴ죬˶һЩ
ŻĽһҲһ𣬶أͷ·ǶĹһ
ôףǵСѧãһͿԲμӱЩΪǰҲǱȽĽ
û뵽СѧƽҲô˵ؼʱȴԱֳĲգĽ
ϣһѧܹǴľϲͬʱҲϣѧӮյĴ󽱣ǳһ칦硣
еѧߴߴ˵ţÿһҲ׳ԼףҲΪЩףһűøš
ڸͣҲĵͷԭڵЩ˹Ըȴû뵽һжڰպõķչ
һһҵİ칫ңҸһЩϣ㵽ʱŪһ³סһҪƷһģһУȻʱûа취ⶨ
ڲĵĽŶµʱһЩ⣬ϾҲʤ
һЩΪеļʣڱǰϦ·
ҲΪʦǲҪг˵ӦֻſڹؼʱһӦá
ĺһһЩùĵֻµʱ㶪
칫ڣһĵ˵ţҲǸӵĵǣһվǰӣ;һС
ҶѾˣǧҪǣе˶ѾʾͣΪʲôԼҪԼأ
ڶ뷨һЩףҵôûһ˴Լġ
ֻһЩţµʱһЩؼԵĲҲˣʱ˽棬һǹⲻȥ
С˵ţ˵֮Ҳ޾Ρ
ȻĻһͺһȥֳˣҲ㳤һʶЩ鲻Բţû죬еĻŵġ
ĵĽŽͣҲٵĽеĶʰֱȥֳ
еĶ涼Ѿǰ׼ˣʱҲȽϷ㡣
ôû㣬һֱ֪ôͻȻˣΪʲôƷҪ𣿡
еһ˿ٵ˹ۣҲԵЦݡ
ԭѽô겻ѾΪһСˣʼСˣ⼸귢չĲСӵҵĿϿɲģȻĥƽǡ
ڹЦţˬʵЦҲߵ˲Ծܵ˸Ⱦ
һվﾲıһ͸˵ݣΪľǷֹ˵ע
㻹ǻ˵ЦĽҽҲһĳɼôͻȻˣǲʲô飬ⳡƻֵģûʲôµĻҲҲι۲ιۡ
˵ҲٵĽ뺯˹ȥͷ·̽˵뺯ڵƹҫҲҫ۵Ĺâ
յһѧȽ츳ⲻƷμӱ˵ʱӮһЩ˸㣬һҲί
Ҳ˹ӣʱ˵һ仰û뵽ȴ˾޴Ц
ڣ㻹ʹˣʼһͯһˣ㵱ίô֪ܲίʱһһЩ㲻μӣû뵽һӡ
˲ͣĽŽ̸ʱʱЦ˵߶ʼһЩתơ
һվȴһЩ˼ǸССӰ
Ҳ֪ھڸʲôǲǴúõĳأ
˵Ѿ˯ˣ˵СӶȽϲ˯
һȥʱҪҪһЩóԵĺСʲôѽ
ڵҲʧȥһЩ䣬ô֪ϲľʲôأһ˶ԷϲĶ᲻һЩںѽ




319 ƣԺ
 

վһ΢һЩʧ񣬾ڵҲѾȴԺ
һһڿԼѧ̲סһЩҪ֪ôɴû˸ǰ
ԵһЩãȻ͵Ľ˻ӦҲǿٵĿܣڷûκŽתƵ˽ڵϡ
ڣոʲô𣿻˵ʲôԾĵط޸ġ
һԼ˼ٵĽ·ոǸĲһ
ȻƷһЩ츳ҲԼ츳ⷢѽҪ֪㷢Ḷ́пܾ͵ԼƱ˵ȥ
üͷ֮Ҳİա
ôηʱҪļɻ䣬ôһ֮ˡ
ҡصͷҪڽһͣȴǽ͵Ļʵ˶ӡ
ˣҲҵһξҲһΣϣһ㲻ҪͼĴĴпܾ͵еŬǰҪ֪ɲһ˵롣
ôһ仰ҲѸȥԸٹĽͣǾؿҲ˵Ƿŭ
һվԭػ㱵ĿΧһУֻͷʹûκηĵڵϡ
ٴѹʱľһƬɫϤˮζҲڱųӯ
ôˣҽԺǲǷʲô飿
ѵ֧ӿﻷܣľ̰غա
ҽ˵ֻ̫ƣˣԲŻģټͷһЩѪ飬ҲһϢͷѪҲԵСټȥпܾͻָеļ䡣
̰غ˵ţҲԵһЩңȴҵͬʱһ˿˿ʹࡣ
һĻָ˼ָô죿ʱеأ
ƽƢ᲻أ
ȻĻôллˣûʲôĻ͸ϽȥæԼɣһEricչҡ
ٵıܿԼߣһҲ֪ԼôˣֻؿڴһŭڲͣĽε
ΪʲôҪҿأ˱ǷޣΪˣɲܸı˵Ĺϵ
̰غղĵ˵ţҲŮЩַŵԼУͼԼůǿġ
㣬ȷſҵ֣ЩڻûףȻҲ֪һᣬ֪м便Ƿʲôֻһ˰Ĵһ
ٵĽһѣֱӷֲ̫ǿҵʹУҲܹܡ
һ֪ҲòӦò㣬ɵʱҲǱŭͷԲŻ㣬㲻Ҳ𣿡
̰غշĽŽͣΪľܹȡԷһЩԭ¡
ʧȥЩӣÿһ켸ج֮жȹʱ򻹻ᵣϲ˱ˣͺӡ
ںòһĻᣬԲʧȥˣŻ׷Ƕôʹࡣ
Eric˿ҲѾҽԺ߽Ҳǿٵܵ˲ǰ
裬㵽ôˣǲһЩΪˣģһģһòá
С첻ͣ˵ŷҲ˾ĶԾֹ࣬ػ;޵ܰ
ûʲô飬ֻΪһЩƣˣôɰĺԣٶƣô
ָЩҵķ˿֮ҲЩᡣ
֮ǰѾ߹㣬չ˺ԼӣƫƫڵסҽԺ˰ɣ˵ֳʱ򷢴ˣǷʲô飿
Eric΢΢üͷ̲סһѯʣҪ֪һǺٷͼġ
ΨһĿܾΪིŻ
ûʲôֻһЩƣѣҪһɣû뵽ڿˣе鶼Ѿȥˡ
һٵת˻⣬ҲԸ˷ʱ䡣
Ҳûпӡ
еļ䶼ѾʧӵְأȴͷͣĽƣѲĸԵĹ
ĻҪͺһЩЩʲôأ
ԶԼһ˳ее飬ôûпǹںء
Eric΢һЩŭһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôõߵ𱸣ȴҲֻʽ˶ӡ
˼ЦţһںͺཽۣĸӶ֮ĹϵദʮǢ˲κε
һҪչ˺ԼУȻʱҪÿһҽԺ֮Уҽģۡ




320 Ŀɰ
 

˵۵Сȴ˲ԾһЩԡ
һԭƣڴ˿ҲѾʧһӴҲһҸ
ȻĻҲһҪӦչ˺ԼУȻʱҲҪҽġ
һͷ֮Ҳ޵ĸ
Ericվ￴ĸӶ˵ദһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôã֮оһ˿ӡ
˵һ°ɣĸӶܹžۣΪЩ롣
ֺ˿̴ڹڻ֪Щ飬ڲͣĴŹ˾ڵ¡
̰غÿյİҲ󲻰ȴҲûа취е飬ΪѾߡ
ܣ̰غյĹ˾û˿ܣƺǳˣһֱû֪ȥ
˽æ棬Ҳһֱне飬ڷһЩš
ô£˵ʱӦôڹ˾ŶԣϾкܶҪæѲİ¶𣿡
ϿŴ⣬˵ɫҲβסǳ
ֽȻסȴû뵽Ѹ١
ʲôеĻھ͸Է˾ϰ绰һ¡
һɵĽѯʣһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãΪʲôܾһλ֮˺ܶء
Щ鲻졣ֺ˿ԵһЩ֮꣬Ҳ˲ͷ
ҪЩ˷ʱ䣬οЩѾעֺαؼΪء
áɵؽ˻ӦҲٵ뿪˰칫ҡ
һ˴ڰ칫УҲǸӷƣֱӲͨEricĵ绰
绰һͷäҲһЩ֪룬ڼӺ绰Ҳͨ
һôˣûʲôµĽչ
ֺȿڽѯʣΪľǸԼĻһ̵档
ѾʽĲμӱˣֻǽסԺˣΪƣԵʣһһҪ㣬ϣ׼
Ericüͷ壬ԥ˰֮󣬻Ǿ˵
ֺԵһЩصжһЩ²⣬ȴҲҳϡ
̰غմźˣһѾԼĺӣֻЩʧȥļ䵽ڶûһ˵ĸҲûôŨ񡣡
EricĵĽҲԼƽһЩΪľǷֹԷߡ
˭ֺֻǵĽһӦ
ȻĻǲͦ𣿻վǻԣбҴһ죬˵ɴڡ
װһɵģֻϧڵ绰һͷȴѾԹ
վǺ֮ʵУѾˣ뵽ʱǻһЩԡ
ϲǸŮӣǧҪڸϹĽҲֻԼøܡ
EricĵĽȰ֮Ҳǳ˹ǣϾ·κ˵϶޷׵Ľܡ
ģЩҶףֻһʱ֮һЩԽܶѣЩѾõĽˣͷϻһЩҪȹˣǱһչ˺Լ
ֺ˵겻ȶԷӦҲѸٵĹҶ˵绰ȴڹҶϵ绰һɲǣ˳Ų
Ѿ˼̹Ȼģȴ޷ԵĨʹ
EricѾڵĻһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãֻԼǣҲ֪Է᲻ϳԡ
ֻǷһ̾Ҳ߻˲һڵģҲһЩɷ
Ericֻ΢΢ЦţȴҲ֪˵ЩʲôãڵĺһҸİɡ
ȻĻһһЩȻȥˣһھʹʲôĻʹҵ绰Ϳԡ
Eric򵥵ĽһҲѸȥǽѸϣȴû뵽ʿ֪̰غѾеǮ
ɬվҲ֪˵Щʲôã̰غյĺþĬĬŵĸȴҲ᲻κεĸм
̰غƻ޳ƻϲͣĽŻζҲԾ˺һߡ
벻˳úÿƻҲһ㣬ô˻ûжϡ
һճյ˵ţûʶԼʧ̬ȴڸоһɵĿʱŷӦԼով˵ʲô
㾿˵ЩʲôְôʱһֱƻȽϺۣΪϲԲƤƻ
΢΢ͷֺĲҫҲ˼ϲС
ɵӦһŷӦཾ˵ЩʲôҲ˲ͱͨ졣
ིҪò˵̰غտٵĽһָҲƻС飬һԵĲͺС




321 ƻľ
 

ÿһƻҲüȣҲκε⣬ȴҲô
ǩ֮ҲǱоᣬҪ֪ҲһƷƻˣһЩϧ
̰غһڴȴŶԷۣȴû뵽˰쿴ľǴ͵ģ
ôǲϲƻϲʲôȥ򣬵ǰƻ𣿡
̰غ̲סһѯʣҲǱǣѲʧ˾ζҲ
ûҾ룬ôƯƻ׵ĳˣһЩ̣ԵˣǱ˷ˡ
˵ţҲԾһڿˮƻĿ֮жЩ̰
֮ԼԼĶԸоƻ𣬶ҲҺԾķڡ
̰غⷬҲ΢΢һ£Ц
һû뵽ʧȥ㾹ȻôɰֻһƻѣҿٸƻҪһƻأ
̰غ˵ţϵĶȴһεĿʼһһƻֳ
˺ˣǧҪƻˣҳԲôģڵãŪôƻһҳԲʣ˷ˡ
̲סһԹҲٵƻµʱƻҲˮζ
һʱڣһڶڳƻĿ֮У޷԰ΣʱʱᴫЦ
ھյҲʼЦ·֮ǰǸͣޱӵĲһ
ལǰտޱӵʱˣֿʼûЦҲ治֪㵽ô 
̰غ̲ס˵ţ֮̽ΪʲôһϷһ
裬㿴ְԶͣĶҽָҪһǻһְְɣһһġ
΢΢ͷֱӿԼ裬֮ҲԵơ
İְֲҪҲգƽһװͰ͵ӣ˿˶ʧȥ˺õ顣
̰غһ仰Ҳ˲ȼеŭ͵վӣİƾӲڿУȴþû䡣
Ǹʲôʲô˵ĲԵĵطҪúõĽнʲôҪôһӶܵһõĸס
һѽӻԼĻУһ˵ţ֮ҲԵĴŭ𣬼ʶķӦҲúᡣ
裬ཾ֪ܷʲô飬ʧȥ˼䣬ҲǶҵİ
ĻסϸֺСҲ䲻ͣĽҡΣΪľǱһ½յ˼
ԴӺֱ֮󣬼ÿһ춼ںȹеʱ˯֮УҲ᲻ԾĸЦݺͶ
ڼ裬еҲƲסĻϲֻϧԷѾʧȥ˹ȫ䡣
һΪһĸ׻ܹסȷһ׵飬ѪԵϵɡ
ཹԣȻУǲ벻ѽӽһֱԣһֱ㳤ˣҪΪֹ
ͣĸź˳ķ˿һҲʼü͡
ǷʪҲǱ˼ۡ
һССĺӺĸ׷ֱô죬һǺܰɡ
̰غտĸӶ֮Ķһʱ֮ҲһЩգӼֱһʯ
廹ôĻأϽ
̰غһ˵һԼ֣ͼུӺһĻק˳ȴյ˺һǾ
㵽ҪʲôһҲ˵Ĵ³滳ǲǺӵĸףôܹԼĺºأ
ͣĽָáһ˵ӡҲѾ˼㡣
а˼Լ֮ǰôϲһˣûκƷζҲˣԴӻûġ
ĻУҲǸ˵ЦţųԱĳ̰غ֮ҲǸӻ졣
ǰһֱڷ֮У綼ûмںòһᣬȻҪúõıһ²С
УལǿˣõĶһ㶼ûѧõģȷʵȫѧˡ
̰غôһ仰ҲˤȥԸⲡ֮йĽͣʱ䳤˻̲ס⺢Ӵ¥϶ȥ
˵ܺܺû뵽Ȼô˲ͣǷ޶֮ĹϵҲˣȻ취ȡ׵ݡ
űˤϣǾ޴Ҳ˽һ㶣ȴҲƬ̵ĹָֻǷݻ졣
ལʲôرϲĶеĻҴȥڼǲùǸ˵飬ЩܲǺְܳ




322 ѩĻع
 

һཱ˲ϣҲСؽѯʡ
֪ʵĻܻ˺СӵģǼҲҪһʲС
һֱָܻôŬĳȥ˽࣬Ļ˵ܺͺӼһЩ
ϲľǺһӣĵģûκ۸ĸӶˣû裬û⡣
ཿͰ͵˵ţ΢΢зŵ˫Ҳдˮ
ӵ뵽ԼĻУͣĽŰԵһЩļҲǸܡ
ģԺҲ뿪ߣ뿪ҲҪһ𣬾ԲὫһ
һٵĽųŵȴҲѾ¶˾ģһС̫̫ĵطΪôܹΪԼĸӰ쵽أ
Ȼ֪м便ʲôᣬҲӦнһ졣
̰غҽԺĳϣҲǱзա
һʧȥ˼䣬ϲָô죿
˵Ҫб˸ס
뵽һ㣬̰غֻԼڱıԵһʱ䶼޷л⡣
ѩ˿ҲѾ˻عķɻһʱĵеҲѾ׵ɢǷݸҲѾʱš
ֻعԼļͥһʵŮТһԼĸףΪҲֵܹһǳ
ҲˣŹ˾дССæµøһȥ»ӦӲϾ
һŰɫµŮ˾վϵīҲĵøСɡ
Ҳ߽һӳģ˲˵ߡ
ٵĲͨ˾ĵ绰ѩͬͭһһ
ѩ鷳һ£סҪκˣҪҵİְֺ͸һϲͬʱҲҪһϺõĲǽһһ۲͡
ͨ˼˾ĵ绰ѩҲǿٵĽŷԸǸɾԣ·Ѿǧٱһ
绰һͷ˾ϤҲǿٵĽűʼǣΪľǷֹ֮
С㻹ʲôҪеĻһԸˣҺùܼ׼һ¡
˾ϹϾ˵ţ֮Ҳ޵𾴣Ͼѩ˺ܶྪ˵ĳɼ
ʱûʲôˣֱҸͿԣһҪסǧ򲻿͸¶ҷԸģΪһϲ
ѩĵĽŶµʱԼ׼ľϲ顣
˾ٵĽһӦҲֱȥ׼ѩأҲȥ̳Ϊ͸ѡ
Ƴ̳ĴĻӳŵأҲǸССƵ
̰غմźིͣй䣬˵ѰźͺĻ
վŲþò϶Σѩ˽Ųֻȴ˿ɬ
û뵽ôʱ䣬˵ĸôÿӣһԶɡ
ҲʱѡˣʱȥֻԼøʹࡣ
ҲҪ˳ȻȽϺãܹܲĽǿ
ѩûзӦǷʲô;ԼһůĻٴ̧ͷʱľһż
ǸǸҲãոһֱ鶼ûп·ײ˰ɣûʲô𣿡
ӲͣĽѯʣ֮ҲԵĻźǸ⡣
ѩ΢΢һЩ
ô˵ϤȴҲ벻𾿾ֻǶ˼㺡
ûûʲô飬ոҲԼûп·ȻĻҲײ
ٵǻҲǻŻŵ˵ҲɫĽ˵ľһЩ
һʱŵԷϵǹ㣬ҲԾļӿ࣬˾һЩʵ
ȻĻˣȻʱΪҵԵλƯСˣﻹǹⲻȥҵƬʲôϵңһḺġ
˵ҴææȥԸٹĽͣкܶҪԲټȥ
ǸȥӰѩҲ뵽˳˼֮УվþõĻز
Ҳ֪˶ãѩֻûʼһЩӲŲ˽Ų׼ѡȡ
ո׺͸ϲãѡȡãʱҲѾԼʱ
ٵĸϵ˾Ƶ꣬ľĸ׺͸磬˽һǣ֪ʲô
ʲôʱģϢңȻԼҳԷʲô𣿡
ָ̲סһѯʣȴڲͣĽ֪ΪʲôܾýһϲڵȴԼ
ʲô֣ԼҹҲǸողŻعûüͽӵˣԼҹԷϢ




323 һͷˮ
 

˽һͷˮ׾Ƿʲôٴλعʱֵģмѩ
ѩ˿̴һصߣ˿˭ȴԸоǷϤ
㵽˭ΪʲôҪİϷʲôĿģ
ֺŵĽʣȴԾƳϸϵһֻ˲ҲһС
Ҫ֪Ǹֻ͸Լõġ
Ҳ˵ѩֻӦڹôͻȻع
ô£Ů˭ʲôϷǧҪˣûȤ̸Щ
ָ˿ҲѾʧȥеģֱӷؽۣȴҲٵվӡ
Դѩ뿪еһĶѾɢǿأԼŮԶȥ
֣ʲôʱһëͷСһסֻ͸һϲû뵽ϲûУѵһ١
ΪõĽժĶԶ΢΢ŵ죬ҲԸоǷݺ
Ծ˫ָۣΪҲǷֹԼ˻þϾȷ˼Ů
֣㶼֪Ůһ˴ڹ⾿жôģⲻǹ˾Ƚ϶Ҳһ硣
һסְֱֵۣѩ˵ǵЦҲ˲Ծܵ˸Ⱦ
ȻĻʱΪʲôְ߰һأҺȥŪһϷǸʲôѲֻΪһϲ𣿡
ָһֱ˵ţ֮ҲԵĻϲһŮҪͣĽеģһ챻кӹˡ
˰ɣҪˣҲѾˣԼ뷨˼άܲһֱиԤɣ˵һͻһ÷ء
ֺҲ̲סһ٩Ҳٵĵһ˰ԵĲƷ
һڵΧڲǰͣĳŷ̸Щ飬Ҳʮ⡣
ˣǸǣҸǶ˴ȻڹģҲҵһ⣬һϲġ
װֱӽˣѩ֮ҲԵ¡
Ÿ͸һϲģϾô˵ϲѾ˽
ǽ𿪣ľһ侫µһʿֱ
ֱҲǾϸĵʮֵĹأǴҲһֱظУ෴˼ָ߹
һʱȽżһЩִ٣ϲģȻĻԺҪҪǸұһǮ
ѩһЦһ߽ۣȴҲԼ뷨Ҫ֪ڹѾ˲ٵǮȻҪһЩԼСС
ָе۶ʼһЩ軨Ҳ̺Щˮ
ŮҲѾˣڶأҲʼ̳˼ҵһӵʹҲˣڰҲԺˡ
̫ˣӶѾˣԺҲԷˣ뵽˻Ȫ֮УҲκεĵǺ͹ˡ
˵˵ţһ֮ĶԻͿʼ޾˸ģʽ˶һЩܡ
֣ǧҪ˵Ļ㻹ôᣬԺҲһ᳤ģοҺ͸ڶǵȥˣķ𣿡
ѩٵĽ֮ҲЩʣȻʹˣǶ֮ȴûб
ôһ˴һеҲֻǻЦìܣѾʱ𽥵ĵ
ǰڹ˾ҲչԽԽã˵ԺͿÿһĸطй䣬Ҳ׬ٵǮÿһطǵӹ˾
ֺҲٵĽۣΪľǷֹԼĸΪЩǳ
ϾҪˣеĹȫѾۼһ𣬾ЩͬҲѾڣеĵط׼Լ
ԼζҪⶨһµĺͬʺͬأҲҪøС
úãҵĺǶѾˣΪ˵ҲҪһǵչ˲УֻҪǺúõģ׵ıҲûʲôǳˣЩҵʲôģҲӦЩ̳С
ָЦţҲǸӵľԼĺǡ
ڵĺӼģӵԼһҵǳǰˡ
ֻǲ֪δĳһһл᲻øӵĲãǵҵչĸá
˰ɣûʲôĻͻؼҰɣôʱûڼнһͣˣҶһЩˡ
ѩҲٵĽˣһ̸ֱת˻⣬ΪľǷֹ˸еĻ˵ȥ
ʱһЩ˸еĻǲģʵȷʵѾԤϵᷢġ
ǰ֣öôʱûˣһҪؼҿһС




324 ĸ
 

ö˻ţݲݵĽ⡣
 ˣ׵Ҳã˵ЩʲôΪ˾Ӧоϡ
ָ˵ţ֮жЩİˣͷ·ڽһ
֣㻹ǲҪ˵һһкҸأ
ѩĸףһЩ˸С
ֱŷָҲ֮𽥵ĲϣأҲѾ𽥵Щĺۼ
Ů֮ǰһֱΪԼж״һЩҪ鷳һ뻹ɡ
˰ɣҺûûһʵļͥɣ˵ʲôЩɥ
ֺҲٵĽŻӦΪľǷֹһֱ߶¡
úúãǻǸϽؼҰɣö˺úõĳһټҳı㷹Ƕݵһ
Цõ˵ţ˵Ҳ˲תࡣ
ԭڵŮΪЩ֮¶һֱ޷ȴȴû뵽һжԼ̫ˡ
ѩҲһˣеҲӦԼн
̰غȻʺˣȴҲԼϲŮӡ
ֺڸԶֲΣеʱ򻹻һЩԼڵľ
Ҳֻ˳Ȼ
֣ģһλع֮ҾͲ뿪ˣʱһھͿһֱһ𡣡
ѩٵ˵ţΪľǲø׵ġ
´ˣҪһȵ
ã˾ÿڼУȴǵĻʱ˵вһ죬ܹǾҸ¡
˲ͣĽŽ̸ãŻص˼С
ѩҲúõԼģټǷȥ
һݵҲڿԻصУԶˮζҲ˼ֳ졣
ǼãԶҸĴڡɳϴڵĺµĿֻ鶼˲١
ҽԺһĹ򣬾;˻¶͸¶Ų
ٺΣֲļңļҲļȫڣҸ¡
̰غǣźཿٵ˽æв䡣
һȻЩ飬һ֮²׸ıġ
ԺཱུĸҲûбѾʧȥ˼䣬ȴӡĵ
㣬ô˵һͽˣϾҵļңһͰ͵˵Ҳŭ˫Ŀ
裬ǲǲҪˣལֻ̫ˣԲŻ㡣
ⷬҲǴæܵ˺һߣͣĽֺСҲ䲻ͣĽŸ
ԭһЩεĺһڴ˿Ҳڻָĵذźཱུ
ǧҪô˵û뷨ֻǼͻȻһҲ̫ϤˣЩϰ߶ѣֻҪϲһֱסȥ
һСؽаοΪľǷֹһЩ뷨
ϾеʱСӵ˼Ϊ
𣿡ʧŵصɴ˫ۣ֮ҲԵǡ
Ȼģ˵ģôƭԼĺأҲҪУȻĻǲϲСӵġ
һĽаοΪ˾Ƿֹ󣬵ʱһѹ
̰غվһԿĸӶ֮ദһʱ֮ҲһЩɬ
һûʧȥĻһҲһҸĴڰɣֻϧڵĺһֻкӡ
ģһһúӵģ˵ҲҪ뿪˺òá
ֺСǣסϸ֣֮Ҳ޵ǳ
ȻһСӣѾһһųǡ
ҲΪʱһִΪⲻһӣһĴˡ
ԺཿȺסһҪعĻʱǰ֪һ
վһڰԼ߿ˣվ̰غա
˼죬ȴҲżǳϢ˸ԸС
ҲĺӣȨչˣΪһЩССᣬѾ˻飬һûǩ֡
̰غƺ˵ʲôȴҲ˼档
ֺûйļƽϣΪΪźһ
˵УһʼԼ̫ˡ
֮ҲһЩҲûôǳˡ
EricصпľվģƺնһЩˡ
վʲôҪҪһԣ
İڷϣ˵Ҳ˲佫
һҪ˵ԼȴֶӲش
ںأҲѾСȿٵܵ˲ǰӣҲֱӳ




325 ӵĲ
 

ûз˵ʱ򻹲̫һ˾ͷֶӶʼһЩտҲĴ
ȻĻһԷɣʲô극ٽҲ١
һٵ˵ţҲֱ˲ǰ
ĸ˾ڲϳŷ˭Ҳڣȴ˼ݺг
ݵһͺ󣬳̰غҲΪĵطûкʵסȥ˾Ƶꡣ
ںལֻǺԼͬһŴϣ轲µʱ⡣
ɭһֻƯƯӣÿһ춼ֺܿҸֱһһֻǡ
ϸĽŽ⣬Щᣬ˶ԾһЩ١
ཾ˯˹ȥҲܰ
Ericһ˴ڷ֮Уķֻ֮ȴǰٸн
еһҲڰĹ켣ţΪʲôǾһЩأ
Ϳʧȥ˼䣬ҲԼסԼĺӣָأθָνо
̰غȻһڵģպأѱһ顣
һεµҲûһʵĽ֣ѲɾҪһֱȥ
һ֮о˭˴󣬻˵ȽϺãɰպһڵ״̬Ľ̸ҲһЩ̼ɡ
ֺΪʲôͺһһ𣬶һһּķʽദأ
EricԺ֮һһʣЩͷ·ͷӬһ˶ãȻ֮С
Щ޿ɽ͵Ļ⣬ֻܳ˯˹ȥֻſʱԵĽ롣
峿һԼÿһ˵ķ֮УһϵĻҰҲֳ˹״̬
һΪƵԵʣձҪȥֳҲֻܽиԼĸס
ཹԣҲμ֮ȥ㣬ʱԵĺ͸һ𣬼סһҪſԣȻʱͲһԱˡ
һվſڿźۿ֮ǾӨˮһʱ֮ҲһЩЩעûа취ȫ
һεҲѾǽһ˵д˸˵룬պĻһЩźɡ
ȻĻҪŬУȻʱźһ죬֮жһЩ
ȻĻһҪһУȻʱֻʣһˣһ˴ڼлġ
ͣĳҭźཱུӣҲһЩۣҲܸıһ뷨
̰غոϵʱ򿴼ľСĺקźһһģ˿˶һЩۡ
׷ʲô飿ôͻȻ޵ôģǲʲô
ʶҪʣȴеĻ˵ںʶԼĻжôǷȱ
һֻⷬıʹһ£ȴҲûټ˵Щʲôֱתȥ
Ericһ߳䣬ľ֮ⷬжҲʧȥеĺøС
鷳һ˵ʱȶһԼĴԣ֮һĸԸ˺Լĺӣֻ᲻뿪ѡ
Eric̲סڽŽͣڷֶԷûκλӦ֮Ҳ»صԼķ䡣
յĴű֮ҲǸӷŭ˾ڵ̸ʲôãô͡
̰غվ㶵ģþûز׾Ƿʲô
ںأⷬҲѸٵѣصķ䡣
һ˴ķ֮УĴϣ;Լԡ
һ뿪Ժ֮ҲǲͣĻص˵Ƿ˵֮Ҳҵʹ
ʹأͷ·Ҫûһ
СѾֱֳһ½ھͿԣϾڿȺ֮вͣĽŽ⣬ҪĵĽѰҲС
˾˵ҲһЩͷϾĻÿһ˶ҪѸ٣˾ĶʼһЩš
һݲͷҲû˵ЩʲôֻǼ򵥵ĵһأҲѸٵ߽˻᳡
òϵʦı֮УеһжôĺǱֳҲǾһרŵơ
ÿһ˵ĴأҲ·ǾǧϸѡһûͬģûֶӵʸС
ڴ˿̾Ⱥ֮УΧҲΧ˲ٵѧҲЩף
Ҵææ˹ȥҲһЩģһҲ⡣
ôڲ֪֪һҪʼˣһĻҪóȥˣѲһεıôҪ𣿡
̲סһָ֮ҲǶЩķŭҵľ顣
֪ʱ䣬ȴƫƫֽһѹƣ׼ʱķһ·ϳ˵أ




326 Ǹ
 

ĺܱǸڣҸո¥ʱ˾ҲǲŵΪһжü㣬ҲûйĽдߴ١
ٵĵǸάǫѷ״̬ǫѷȴҲ˵Щʲô
ˣ㻹ǸϽαϯɣһеıʽʼģĻڱֱ֮õһĽϣʱ򲻹ܽ㶼ܹȻܡ
Է̬𾴣Ҳû˵ЩʲôֻĬĬıʾͬ
һһֱǫ̬˲˼Ĺָ
ȴҲÿһζ֪ʷһЩΪͼĴ޿κΡ
æҲڵźҲΪոյĽţԭѾҵĺøӼꡣ
ҲѾ½½Ŀʼе˶ѾԼλϣںһߵأҲǽ̨߽ϡ
ӭμһεıϣʱÿһ˶еƱȨͶһԼΪϲĲƷԴյʤߣΪչʾһƷ
վ½½ĽŽ⣬еչƷչֳ
ЩչƷڵƹҫ£Ҳ֮߳һȴҲκ覴á
һƷмλãܵĲɹҲ֣˾ǲ϶ϴġ
һҵͶƱ֮յĽҲѾڴĻϽ˷ӳֻϧǰɱͣĽء
ֵļӸУҲ˾֮бǣѷϵǺһǰ
סͣĽŲ鿴ۿֻʣɼһҲǲԾ߬½ǡ
ڼҵ֮µ1ĳɼҲѾ˳ǺһƷ
ھϯ̨ϲͣĽŹۿȴҲһЩ⡣
ЩʼѾⶨõģҲǸ˵ûκŪٵĳɷ֡
ںһĸҲֻԼŬġ
̨ǰվŻͲȴҲ֪˵ЩʲôۿҲԾĺࡣ
ʵʹ˵ʵܹõҵϲһңͬʱҲϣպƳõƷڴҵǰ
һ򵥵һ仰ȴҲ̨һϾվ̨ǰԱǷݵš
ΪʦҲ̨һԣ˵ĻҲ˲ò̾
һΪȡĳɼҲһΪõ˵쵼
̨һվ￴ŽҲ֪˵ЩʲôãмĻҲԱ
ʲô˵ɣǧҪӳңȻһһЩϰأһжǿԼŬģǧҪΪں㿪š
ڲĵ˵ţµʱԷһжǿ˺Ųɵġ
ģ˵ЩҶףҪţѾв˵õרҵʿĸһҲֻҪл㣬ϾΪ㣬ԲЩһᶨ뷨
һϹ˵ţû뵽ԼէľȻͻһʵĽֱ顣
ҲΪɾһЩʵ·һжһʵʵһ˾֡
ҲøлңȱٵľǷţҰҲֻô࣬ǰĵ·Ϊɨƽ;ǲܵģľƷ˷֣ʱһչֵĲܡ
˵ȴԾһЩˣϾô˲ҲǲϵĲȴҲ˼˥
ôвεأõһжʼһЩ٣һֱҲָð
һеĳɼҲ۽м֤ģݼ֤ҲΪһõĻ䣬Ҳж˼ְο
˵Լ˽ģһر𿴺õͽܣɵأŷֶԷһжǼٵġ
һֱҪĶУϾΪ©ƽһ˲óֵˡ
Ժÿһ鶼Ҫ˼ǣµʱһη¡
ѧ֮һжʼ𽥱ƣԼϣһϡ
ֻΪǷݵһӡЩͬ
ٺأ֪ⳡҲĳΪ˱ίžðһԡ
Ҳãûзκε⣬ˣ治֪ƽͣȥ
ѩҲʽĳΪϼŵľʼŸĹ
磬˾֮Ҳýһ½ѪˣϾЩһֱǴһɳԷɻ״̬һֱȥ¶Թ˾ӰҲǺܺá
űֱ˽ϣ֮ҲԵŭֻǸոĽһ鿴ͷ˲ٵ©ԼЩ˾жôĴ󵨡




327 
 

ֺ𱨱Ľһ鿴Ҳֻ΢΢˸оʵ
һЩСѣα˴󶯸ɸ꣬ЩѾ֪ˣֻһֱڸֲĻᣬ֪ôӦóе
ֺ˵ţȴһֱڵĻ棬зһµĲƷǿԶĽвٿЩ⡣
ֻһл׶Σкܶ©ûɣЩȲ
ǸûЩһԵһЩͷͻһֱ̰ͣȥȥԹ˾ҲһӰ졣
ģЩһдҪľúõϢһ£ǧҪΪ˾Ľвͣ磬塣
ֺĵ˵ţ֮ҲЩۡ
һʱ䲻þѾ˺ܶ࣬ԭһЩԲգڴ˿ָֻӡ
磬ģûʲô飬Ǽ죬ÿһ춼úܺãᵽǰûеĿġ
ѩܿԼߣٵ˵ֻΪ۵׵ô飬ⲻ֪һڸжѾָơ
ɵѾͷ˽ˣô᲻֪úòأѾˣҪ˵Щʲô綼һֱػԣԶȥҲһҪչԼԼſԡ
ĵĽỴ̂ʼһЩͳ
ڲ֮ͻᷢЩأҲᵽǰδеˡ
ã磬İɣеһҶѾͻˣԲټȥˣûʲôĻҾȻذ칫ˡ
ѩ˵ҴææĻص˰칫ңҲԼһЩѡ޵Ŀγ̣ΪľܹŪһЩ漣
Ȼܱ֤ԼʵĴڣҲԱ֤ܹһɼ
ÿմ⹫˾£ҶѾˣԲټõĲˡ
±ϵţֺҲ֪˵ЩʲôãóԼˣɲ֪жٵ¡
źϢص˼Уֵľɶһվĳ̰غա
˷·վ˺ܾһζʼһЩҡΣȴվﲻϷκεĶ
վʲôΪûеطҲǵԼĵطôС
̲סѯʣ֮Ҳ˵ʲôϷ
ûʲôֻǸովѣһЩһЩˣôôͻˣѲǱɹ𣿡
̰غ̲סѯţȴҲĴؽдƺΪ˿һŮ˵ıôˡ
ţʤˣȡյıһܻ֪ʦָûʲôĻվȥһཡ
һ˵΢΢ֱӲصԼķ䡣
̰غվۿԼϲŮӣԼǰȥȴҲ˵Щʲôֻؽ͡
Ͼе鶼ԼѡģպĺҲӦԼе
EricΪڷģҲֱ׼ɢվĳ̰غüͷҲԾ
鷳ܣûʲôĻҪվһľһӰ˱˵߲֪ҪӰ˱˵Ͳˡ
ΪһεҲƽŭ˵ĻҲԵЩ̱
Ericֱ˵αأһŮһ˾Ӧ˵İ취ĥĥġ
̰غտվԼǰˣ֮Ҳ΢ЩŭҲúõķɢһ¡
˭ԷֻǲмЦţûЩϡ
ǧҪھһݣǺΪһ˭һжԼѡʣµĿû˽иԤ
EricͣĽųΪľǺúõЦһΪϲȴƫƫװһںӡ
̰غݳҲûзϣǾöԷڼԼ
ҲѾʶԼĴ󣬿ƫƫһЩͷͣĽƣ˶ԵһЩãȻ֪Ǻá
ǼൽʲôΪʲôһжôأ˭ȼƻõģ
̲סĿ飬˵ɫҲԵһЩء
ֺĲ߻ߣôĿľʲôֻΪϲ
ǵϲôǿԽܣϲ֮мЩıôһоͿʼķչˡ
ǱȽϣһжΪŻ⸱ģΪַ֮ŭ
һص֮ҲڲͣĸԼĶӽŹ£ΪľǿԴٽһĸӵУҪúһӿֵĻ䡣
ȷЩʧȥļʲôʱܹΨһܹ϶ǿԸ㹻İȫС




328 ӵӡ
 

̰غտŴ⣬˵ҲԾ
ܺڣʲô鶼ûпʱ򣬾һζĽ𱸡
˵ʵһ֮Իʧȥ䣬пܺźܴĹ
ֻҪЩĵһаɣϾȷ͸ǿֿġ
֪ԼĹˣɵڸʲôеһжΪŲ𣿡
Eric̲סʣȭͷҲԾ߬
ͺһʶʱȻȴ˴˽⣬ԷһΪ֮ˡ
ҶѾ͹ܶ飬ʱûа취侲κҲˣô˵Ѿ¶˾ģһҪһЩ䡣
̰غҲټĥߴȥֱ뿪ˤȥ
֮ļʧûκθ飬Щ䣬ҲһãʹҲһݱôڵĶ
Eric޴ˤҲֻվﲻΪƺǲûܵЩӰһ
̰غյ뷨ǲ֪Щأһδһʹ࣬ο֮ҪӰ쵽֮Ĺϵˡ
úһٸָѹòһ˿˿ɫȥ
һ˿ڴϣǿգҲ֪ʲôֻЩ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣʧȥЩ侹ȻһЩ棬ȻںǺͺһÿһʱ⡣
ϵÿһӶֵñƴȻҲҪõļͥȥɡ
ȻһرõĸףΨһ취ҪһС
ཽͨյദͿԸоһܶµĺӣĺôԽղĸ׵Ĺذأ
߲ԾתƵԵĺϣ֮еǷҲ˾ͬһˮ
ģΪ㣬ҲһЩʧȥļ䣬Ҳ֪ǷʲôΨһ֪ΪҵĺӣֵӵõһС
ںӵһǣһҲ˯˹ȥһҹʮֵİ
ڶ죬һҲյ˽ڵ֪ͨúõĸϢһ졣
ӵϢĺһҲ΢һЩȣԭҪ٣û뵽һжɺϡ
ھһл֮ҲֱӴźȥ̳
ټ̳ڣĿĵţҲɾúܿġ
λС㣬ҪźһʲôǶͯƷкܶ඼СӱȽϲġ
ۻԱٵæŻ𣬱ϾĴ̳֮ͯװȷЩס
ȻĻô뿴һ𣿡ԵһЩԥһҲЩΪѣϾԼڴ֮еǮҲһ
ȻˣֲǿǿĵطǿԵģϲҲԹ򣬲ϲҲûа취ǿ󡣡
ۻԱһͨĴǵЦҲ˾úů
ǣźӵֱ˽ȥĿƷҲۻҡ
ཿһûԼϲĶȻ˵ҵǮȽޣǸһ·еġ
ӣһ˵ţЩ·ļǮȽϰ󣬵Ϊ˺һжֵõġ
ིϲ·̫ڻΣཻϲһЩװ
ԼĿڴת˻⣬Ȼڴ㹻ǮʱҲûа취
ɵЦţһһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôãôῴ⺢ֻԼʡǮ
ûϵһϲĶȥһܡ
һ΢΢ЦţҲ߬епûǮˣջ˺ϲõЦݡ
ҿһСȥһܣϲĶͰȷһԾͿˡ
ҴææȥŲ֮Ҳż٣ŪһЩתʽС
վһΪĽ䣬ԥ˰죬ǲͨǸ绰
ڵ绰ͨһЩ֧֧״̬
ôˣһǲʲô飿ĻϽ˵
绰һͷEric̲סһߴ٣ԼĿԸоǷݵǡ
ңһǮٸ··ڰ󣬰ڵǮƿЩ
һΪѵ˵ţҲԵһЩȡ
ȻԼĹңҲҪһʽתЩǮԲܶ
绰һͷEricֻǷһ̾ϢҲһԭΪǷʲô飬û뵽˼򵥵⡣
һΪǶѵأԭôһС£ģھ͸ȥҲżʲôֱӺ˵Ϳԡ
EricҶ˵绰ҲѸٵĽǮԷ˹ȥ
һվԭظոתյֻĶʾпͻȻǮҲϵĸࡣ




329 ӵĻ
 

ȻǮӵһеԭûǮһ·һЩѡ
̲סһЦЦ֮ҲдЩĳ
û뵽һҲýյ³һ·ҪǮŪ
ྲྀһϲͣĵȺţҲҴææܵۻԱԣеĿ˳
ģְָǮ˵軨ǮһֱӷſͿԣʱ˵ǻԱ͵ġ
ֺСһſƬǿƬأСֵӳҲԵþ޴
Сѣ˼˵Ұſ𣿵ͬʱҪܣԲ͸¶
ۻԱӣСؽŻӦΪľǷֹϾһСп£һЩǷǡ
ٵĵ˵ͷཿľǳԼĸס
ģһæģڸϽȥԼλϣȻ迴˿ܻһСӡ
ۻԱ˵ŸһعͷľǳԼĺһ
λС㣬ĺӻǶأոһֱﲻҲֵģӹȻǼҽ̱Ƚá
ۻԱ˵֮ȴҲԵЦݣûмǴеſ𿨡
㽫ҵҲǴ´࣬⺢ӵȷһ˼ҵĴڡ
ǸҸոһЩ鵢ˣϲʲôѾѡ˰ɣھȥǮ
ٵĽпۻԱУ˶ͷҲĺ顣
ǵĺӺİһһЩϰߣû뵽ǵ͹Ск
λС㻹һ˵ˣոϰ˵һɲǮһҪһŻԱ¥ѡ
ֱӷŵ˺һУѿǸոպõſ
һԼеĿƬҲԵһЩɣüĲԾ
Ҫ֪¿ûа׳ԵͣͻȻ֮ôŻݣǲʲôصĿģ
ǧҪģϰҪһӣϰأҲһȽǮĴڣҵҲǿġ
ۻԱ˵Ż⽫ϰĻɴ˳ǻɴأǽϡ
΢΢̧ͷҸĻɴգһһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôãֻ˵ЩĽ
ȻĻǻллǵϰˣȻҲҪллһ޶ĺ
̲סЦ·ŻصԼĿڴڣһʱ֮˺ϲҲ
Ҫ֪һͲһ˵ˣʱǻָ⣬û뵽ͻȻˣ˾һЩʵ
λСģſ¥ڶԽʹãأոҲѾÿǮˣֱӿҺϲ·ȥ
ۻԱ˵Ѿе·÷ŵ˺һС
һЩĽĸӺǴĸļͥĽһЩѡ
ȻĻǻллˡǣཱུС֣źֱȥ
һûпǺཱིۻԱգ۾Ŀɰģ
˵ıӰۻԱҲ֪Լ˶ãֻ֪ĽһֱͷͣĽơ
ལҷ֮ҵʼˣҵһԶԸҴָˣ˵ĻҸôлء
̲סڽѯʣ֮Ҳ޾Ҹһӣʼá
㻹ǻ˵ЦôһֱչңΪĺӣ˵ġ
С˵ỶֵĻֻأҲ˾֡
⺢Ҳ治֪˭ˣôһСպ󳤴ҲһҪٵСŶԡ
̲ס˵ţ˵СɵıӣཱུĿɰҲ˾ʮϧ
̰غմھƵ֮УҲռŸָĶΪľܹ֮ĻøһЩ
һⱲѾ϶ˣΨһŮˣκ˶ҵߣǰҲҪҰһ𡣡
еƬ̲סڣ֮еǿҲ˾ñп־塣
ͲһΪˣرڸϣԶһ˽Ĵڡ
ҲΪԲŻнյһС
ɼһ㶼ڣֻҪܷһģһʲôأֻ·ϵһˡ
ͣؽѰң̰غȴҲһΪص⣬֮ƺûʲôرõĻء
̲סһУԶôĸЦ˾һ־硣
˵ĺأôĹͷ·һһ




330 һ
 

óֻͨ˺һĵ绰ŵ绰Ҳ΢΢һЩ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣԴʧȥĺһ֮ҲһЩ
ƺֻΪʧȥʱ䣬һΪõݡ
ĸӶ˸ոȥͽӵ˵绰
ʲôҪźȥֳͨ绰ȿڣһҲ΢Щͷ
ϣԼͺӵദʱҲ˴ǺܺãҲ˾һЩꡣ
ȻĻҺĸӰһȥɣϾҲǺӵĸףܲ뺢ӵĳɳҲ㲻һϸĸס
̰غտٵ˵ţΪľܹıԷ뷨ϾĸȷΪҪ
ֻ΢ЩԥҲ֪ڿЩʲôպһǴӦ
̰غ˵ĵȷûһӵĳɳȷʵҪĸ飬ظҪ
ȻĻϰλø㷢ȥ㾡ɣϾʱ䲻ˡ
һ˵ٵĹҶ˵绰ҲԸĽֱͣӴźȥ˲
㹤ʲôǵĻ͸ϽȥæɣǧҪΪСӶԼĹ롣
˵ţҲԵһЩɥȴװһܿĵģ
ͷӣ֮ҲǸӵĿƣҲ˸ǡ
ҶѾ˵ˣһú㣬ԾͲæµϵ飬οҵȫ
һ߽ϺõλﲻͣƬһһŵƬӳֻ֮С
ĸӶƬҲʮֵĿɰͺг˿˶̲ס̾
̰غյλ󣬼򵥵ĽһʰҲٵȥ˶λĵص㣬ľĸӶ̸Ц
˵Щʲôôģǲ̸ҵ˧ء
̲סЦΪľܹոӵĻԾΪԼĵԵһЩ֡
û뵽ôˣȻĻô͵һԵİɣ˳ԵҲԣԺʱ϶û
һ˵㽫˵Ƶ˵ǰֻϧȴûתƵԷϡ
Ų˵ͣĽŷģջֻһ࿧ȡ
ڵͬһɬ᲻κεĻ֣ҲΪҪϹĽѡ
㶼֪ǸۻԱرãһ죬ۻԱһء
Ҳ̲סһޣݽЦҲڲͣĽ
ʵҲôоأǸۻԱȻȽС˿Ƿǳõġ
ǸۻԱĸӶһ˹ͬ⣬ੲݵؽŽ̸
Ϊ׵ĳ̰غվֻﱣһߵݣ޷廰
һݵĲһҲȥֳ
Ϊе˶ϰֳ࣬Ҳǽ٣һҲŵ˲ٵĿ
еĿ𣿻˵ֻܺһͻ뿪
קס˺һ½ǣུ˿ҲԵһЩ
ԴӺĸ״һ֮ҲúĸһĿʱûа취иǳ
ģҽһֱԣԲ뿪Է𡣡
һȻСΪʲôһûаȫеӣԼԸоһкԼһĹ
ĻȥתľĦ֣溣Ϸɳòã
գŴ۾ѯʣֺŵỨҲ˾Ķڻˡ
˴һֳڲͣĽűߣ˲˵ߣȴҲĽ
Сʱһƣڳϣ֪˭һ˲˾޴Ц
̰غﲻͣЦţԼӣҲһЩʵ
ǰǽЦݽһԼ˽¶أΪһŮӺһӾͿʼһСһ
ĺܿģΪԺͰְһ𣬾ǲ֪Գʲôʱ򣬻ȵھͲˡ
ͻȻ˸ۿ֮еỨҲԾ¶
ѾϰһһӣͻȻһʧˣκһλһЩܲˡ
˵һ˾һԶһȻһЩ䣬һ취ЩʧȥĶһȵǸʱǻҸһˡ
һٵĽŰοΪľǷֹСӣΪйĲ
ĻΪһЩѾ˵ļ𣿿ԣ᲻ʹࣿ
һľȣҲǻĽѯʣȴ˶ԵЩɥ
Ȼ׾ʲôǿԸоǸĸԸἰĴڡ




331 ѡ
 

һͻٵۣĻԸĸһС
ΪལʲôԸ⣬ȻҲ֪ʲôԸȥһԣĻ⿪ͺѽ
ӱԼĻУһؽŰΪľúӵܹõһƽ
һְܲĸףʧȥ˼ΣӶˣԼþжôĿɱ
ཻԶ裬һԶиı䣬Էĸһȥеԡ
ůůĻС˵ţ˵ЦҲԾࡣ
̰غտĸӶģǵЦҲ
˾һǣܷʲôԶı䡣
ɫѾ𽥵İеһҲһε뵽Ϣ
һһݵļڣҲõ˲ٵķɣڴϴ˸ˮ֮󣬱Ҳһֱһ
ںڻ֮һֱ˯ţƺΪҲСС
һԶһҲκθı䣬Ƕһˡ
һظţԼ֪ΪʲôҪ˵һ仰ֻ֪ظʱǻ᲻Ծ
Ϊ񽱵ԭ򣬺һҲרŵʦָֻʱԵĽӽи
ǱǸˣȷкܶҪæܺӾҪչһʱ䣬æЩһھͿһֱһ𡣡
һ˯ŵĺҲ̲ס˵ţ֮Ҳ¶Ųᡣ
ԴӺͺӴһʱӺҲڲͣĽš
еһж£ֻΪܹͺӶĽһͨҪһ顣
һվֻһҵĻ룬ǰеĶˣԼҲٵźɡ
ӽҾͺãֻҪԼ룬ҲϣΪӶԼҪĶ
̰غҲ̲סһŮŵЦݣҲ˲١
Ǻܾöûмˣôʱ֮һμһЩʵԼ˻þ
һ򵥵ĽһҲѸٵȥ
һ·ϺһͷΪԼԸȥ
ѧУڽվﲻͣĽŲãҲԵʮָߵ
ںһϵʱ򣬿һжһΪԼߴ˽ҡ
㻹վʲôϽҪһʦλʦҲָֻһӶѣʲôֻҪһʡ
ڲĵؽŶҲԵһЩࡣ
Ҫ֪λʦǺܹģڱӮ˲Ż棬ȷҡ
ģҾԲṼκֻ࣬ǲλʦ˭ôߵ
̲סڽѯʣ֮Ҳ޾ǣҪ֪кܶҵ̳һλأͷ·ƽĿһ𾴡
԰ƽĺ䶯һͿƳƷ
ʵ˵ŲûκεĿţϾǸ˴ƳƷԳΪһʱС
̲סһ֮ҲǸǣڴʱٵƷأ
ںҿЦɣһ绹ƳƷһҾš
Ϊ̫࣬һҲ˼ϤУ֮ҲЩĵ٩
Ų飬ˣһˣôһӾͻ뵽İ·֮С
ںĵĽѣҲԸϼ˷ʱ䣬˸Ͻȥвá
һϣڸո˵ǷԺ֮ҲڲͣĽѰ
ô벻Ǹ綼ƳƷˣ˭
ô˵Ÿܳ˲
˵鶼΢һЩ㱣ҲǸӾᡣ
Ǹô㣬ô죿Լǰ᲻ǻȡ裿
ǼٵأôԼڶԷǰ᲻ǹŪ飿
һһԺ֮ըѿúһ˶ֹͣ˼
ԾĻعͷһľһ˽֮ӢҲ޷ԡ
벻ϻǿˣӹȻˡ΢΢ҡͷԺ֮ҲڲͣĽŸ̾ȻҲѾ̾˵˳
ôѲǿͲ𣿻˵Ϊбǿˣӵ΢΢֮ҲԵشƦ
Ů˻ǲһڿʱ򣬵һʱע⵽òһĻ




332 ֵ
 

ǿȻã̫ǿĻ͸ߵ˴һѹȸУ˶һЩڡ
ʵĽŻӦһҲκϾ֮Ӧ̹һЩ
Ů˵ȤҼסˣԵĻһٴμ棬¾Ͳһˡ
˵űҲٵĳźȥļҲ߷ŵ˺һϡ
ʮ˫۾ںһϲͣĽһɨӣҲٴȥֻϧɴһζ
֮Ҳ˾һЩ̱ǣɼʱ䳤˺һЩ̰
һ㻹ʲôϽæһǸǵ˾ˡ
̲סһߴ٣ҲٵĽק˹е񻨾˶Էߡ
ǸϽЩ񻨽һƴӣûмǴĻոնԷѾˣѾںŵȺˡ
ڿٵ˵ţϵĶҲӿ࣬Ȼ˵ҲǶԷǰǶԶԷҲǽһ̾
һҲȫкпܾͳΪһ֮ӡ
Ļֿ»ƳΪĲƷ
ȵǸʱƽ罫ûκεĲŻǲŻʢ
ڣʵһֱ˵Ǹ˾˭ҾֻڲͣĽŵȺ򣬵ȺǸ˳ˡ
̲סһ̾ϢҲһЩڴ
һԼܹƲΪˣȸԾҲһ޷ġ
ͷ·һررϲĶһǰϲãֻҪǿࡣ
ʱ֪ˣϣܷʲô飬㶼ܹȶסԼţĻңȻʱֻԷһڶӵ󡣡
Ҳ̲סһȰ裬ΪľǷֹʱڼӰӡ
İɣЩԼĴ취Բ㶪ģһⷽرɫˣҲһΪĽڡ
һ̵˵ţڽҲڴˡ
Сʱ󣬺һ˫ȭͷա
ԼǰˣǸոǸʮǿ
ôôɣѲҲڱ֮ȡĳɼĻôһء
Լֻ䲢Ĵк˿ûΪԷĮκεľн
ϲѹԼϲ˿š
Ĳ֪˭Ѳ֮ǰĽڶûк˵𣿻˵ĽҲһεˣ
һѿڶ˵ɫ˫֮ҲԵ
Ů˵ôģ˱ɼھȻһЩ޹ؽҪ⡣
ô֪˭Ҳ̫Щ飬ֻ֪ں˵һر˲
̲סһ̾Ϣһν߿˴⡣
ԸεĽҲԸﲻͣĽŵȴΪоЩˡ
Զôʣһһϵʱͻòɡ
ȻĻұȽϺƷʲô츳׼ȷ˵Ϊʲôƣ
΢΢з˫ۣҲֱӿʼյѰȡ
ҪһһԻ񽱵Ʒ
ҿһΪѡƵĹأųܶëȻҲԿ˷ѡѵ⡣
һƺĽŻشȴһоݵ״̬
ֻǰƵ֮еһ֣׼ȷ˵ҪʱԶƷڵһλԣҸϣƺͼͥͬһλá
һ治ͣŵĺҲੲݵ˵ţǺأͷ·Ǽеϣһ
ƵƷҪĲۣҲǼ۸İ󣬶ʣϣڴϵ·ʱһڼĸоִڸ߸ϵĵλȴܷɡ
һԼϵĴ޲ϣֻʮֵܰ
ѡʶǷۣأƷʱҪʺͬʱڣֻĻŻһ
ŮӺ֮ǰĺܲһŮӶȥƵԭƳһõƷƫƫҪѡ߹ĲļƷ
ԼЩͽܣֻһЩź
ȻͽᣬȴƷųϵĲܣֲأͷ·һεѹһ˶һЩ֧š
һҲǱһ̬ȴû뵽ԷƵĶϺԼʼһģ
ҿʲΪҪģûԸ⽫һر𰺹·Լϣȴоκε




333 ر
 

һʵĽлشҲûκεϾҲʲô޵ܡ
ÿһʦŸԵԭĿ꣬ҲΪŸָɫƲƷ
ȻĻҪ֪ΪʲôһεƲƷѡ޵ĲأҪִ֪޵Ĳϲ۸ˣĶҲΪ
˴˿Ҳ£ֱੲݵؽѯʣ֮еҲڼĽڲء
ʵʼĿҲû˼ܹô󽱣ұԼԭҪô߸е㹻οѡһЩɴϣ»һЩɣ
ԾĦԼֱۣͼ΢΢չֳļƤõ
ǺϲʱʱȣҲΪŻѡ޵Ĳϡ
ȵʱأ޻һãҲƤһֱһʪ״̬
ڱů洿ܶȽСÿĽ͸з
ʽʶһ°ɣҽܣĻӦ˵ҵţʶҲûϵϾҲϲΪЩŶİķС
վԼ֣ǽڷǰ𪣬˿˶̲סЩԡ
ȻΪʦЩҲΪ⡣
Ǹҿ𣿡ԥţһһʱ֮ҲЩ޴룬ϾԷôĸ߹󣬶
ȻˣҶѾˣѲۿ𣿡˵ţһʱ֮ЩЦã֪˵Щʲôá
ֱ˫ֱ֣ǷݹǸҲԼһЩȡ
벻㲻˳úÿҲˣֻϧģ˾һЩʵ
һ˵ţ֮ҲԵϧϾһ˱ģͻ˾ò顣
ΪģеʶҲѾˣȻĻ̸һƵ⣬ĵʦܣҪϧʮСʱΪһΪиʲôͿֱҡ
һϵҲֱӿ˵š
ɲЩ˷ʱ䡣
ҲԵЩͣһʱ֮ҲûзӦԼĵʦ
ԭҵĵʦӹģȻĻôҾͰеⶼˡ
һѾ׼õıʼǱ˳ÿһעʮ˲ѿһŮ
ֽܿһһıҲ̲סЩͷʹҪ֪࣬û뵽ȫһʱͻôࡣ
еֻЩôҿԸ㣬ھͿ뿪ˣΪһ˸бע㻹һЩҪעر۵㣬ҲԸңһΪĹ۵һ𡣡
ܿٵ˵ţҲûκԥһҲڲͣĿűϵЩ⡣
òϵǣԷȷһΪϸµŮӣÿһҲȷҪעġ
Ҳû̫⣬еȫѾ˱ǣֱӻشҾͿˣʣµҲ뿼Ǳ˵Ĺ۵㣬ΪÿվڵͽǶȲͬ
һ΢΢Цţ֮ҲԵĴ𾴣Էľһɼȷ˵һ졣
ȻĻĻ˰ѱӸͻȥûʲôĻ뿪ɡ
ҲֱűҲʮֵۡ
վһԿ֮ĶԻһЩǣҪ֪˻ô⡣
С㣬뿪֮ǰȷһİеⶼȷûκεޣ
ȷһ飬µʱһЩǽѯˡ
Ѿ˵ˣҵֻбϵô࣬ԻǲҪˣƵÿ˶иָ⣬ȫһôƶһķ𣿡
һҲֱ׳Լ뷨ƽˡ
ÿһ˵뷨͹ͬôͬһƲƷͻΪϮ塣
Ůӹ治һȻĻҵһʱ𣿡
Ҳеıʣֱ׳ԼĻŮƷ츳úõĽһָĻպƽǡ
˰ɣҪԼһȥԱָңôҲϰָȥ˼鷳ʦҵһһȡ
һ˵ҲҴææȥԸټ֮ͣǰؼҿһԼĶӣ鲻뿼ǡ
վⲻͣĽǻͻȻ߳ĺһҲ΢һЩǡ
Ҫ֪ȻƢǺܺãǶԴÿһĹھҲǺԡ
ôôͳˣǲŭʦĻҴȥǸô㶼ҪϧһεĻᡣ




334 
 

˵Ŵ˾ҪȥǸȴһѿ
ˣҳΪʵⶼѾˣʦǱҾܾˣΪҲΪǣߵˣڵĺˣҵĲԡ
һ˵ҴææıȥһЩĺʱ򣬿Լ
ڿҴææȥıӰҲ̲ס͵ĵ˵ͷȻûѡˡ
ﲻͣĳ˼ţ˿ʲôֻ֪ڵ鲢Ǻܺá
ܣʲôĵطôǿһεָûָھȷǹſˣǶҪ˵ְҵ𣡡
߷ߵ˵ţһʱ֮ҲһЩջҪ֪ȴָкܶܶ࣬ôֻһ
ûо˵ĺܶ⼸ƳƷԽԽµ̫̫ˣÿһ˵˳Ϯ⾿ΪЩʲôأΪÿһ˶ָ𣿡
վߵ˴ǰ΢Щ
ʼʱ򻹵ΪϮɺŷЩȫָġ
ҲΪʲôһʱ䳤ȻܵһЩӰ죬ЩأҲֻΪӰ죬ŻʽƷ
ǽŮһ»ᷢЩ⣬֮ǰЩ˶ԩ
ϳг壬泭Ϯ˺úõĽһ飬ҾԲƽκ
ܷ˵Щ飬֮ҲǸӵıꡣ
û뵽ԼĳϮ¼ȻһᣬĻôҪǸ̫̫ࡣ
סͬʱһٷϢӽҲָκˣҲϣÿһ˶ƳĲƷǿ˵ָ
ôһ仰ҲֱȥҵҲֻ͸¶һëŶѡ
ݵļСʱĳϢ͹ٷϢҲȫϽתء
Ҳв˱ʾܾƽһɵĽһел⣬Խһصһ
һصʱľƲֵĺཡ
Ϳ˿Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֮Щ͡
ལôˣǲ鲻̫ãҴȥԷɣòáһѽӱһ̲סŰ
СֱֶԶôĿɰ˾ûа취
裿ϤҲ΢һЩȣľ
ȻˣҴ깤ˣû뵽ľҵĴ󱦱ӣòϵֺСʱǿɰ
ֺСϽһһ֮ҲԵϲã˲ѿԺӵеȷ
ôôͻˣӦýһָ𣿰˵ָʱӦúܳŶԣǲм䷢һЩ飿
̰غ̲סһѯʣ֮ҲԵĴǡ
ԽԽ㲻ŮˣеʱһЩ飬⡣
ָѾˣҾͻˣұû̫⣬һζĽѯʣҲֻԼЩˡ
һӦ˵ţûоԼĻʲôԾĵط
һζѯʣҲֻѧϰԷһЩƼɰˣĻԼҲһЩ﷦ζ
ͷζԼƶɫأҲʡиָĳϮ¼
óԷİɣûԵĻҾʹһȥ԰ɣһҲӦһúõĳһٷС
һ˿ûκԥһ˾ѿڶ˾ʮȻ
̰غҲ򵥶ɵָŪͷԣŷӦľĸӶѾԶ
Ҵææ׷ȥǵЦҲ
˵ʵһһЩӦ˵һ˵飬ûϵһһܻõģҲһӵеЩ䡣
̰غ˵ţ֮ȴβסȸԾԸоǷݼ
ֻǲȥһ˲һ飬ҲѾãȻʧȥ˵ļ䣬Ȼ˵˳Ӧ⣬һҪһϾЩҲģοǺйء
һԼǣŵӣҲ顣
ϣԼĶӹò֣ϣһΪһЩνֵ÷ֱ
ĻôԺӵĳɳҲһ
ʵ˵ʵĺܸˣȻҲȷܹȫңһϣһܹһֱһ𣬶ÿԸָķ
̰غղȷ˵ţҲԵһЩҡ




335 
 

òϵǣŮǰԶʧңеʱ򻹻ŵ̬
ֱһвĵŲˣҲ˿óȷһϸɷ
ȻʧˣӦθûɣҸոյȫ཰ԵĶ˺úõĳһ°ɡ
˵½˷Ա̰غЦţЦҲ˾޵ʵ
ллʶĵлһҲԼʲôԣϾлӦõġ
裬ȥְһ·òãΪʱ˶û·ء
ཿŰְϵ·ҲһҪ֪·Ǵ˼ˡ
̰غⷬҲ΢һЩȵͷԼϵ·Ҳ˼ͷҪ֪ʱû·ļ¼
һԼȥȥͿԣĸӶ˺úõľͿˡ
̰غĶסʱ˾ʧԼ֮Уʧ֮С
һûʲôһȥˣҲһЩҪ򣬴ҼȻһˣӦù׽һЩǳԶ
һȻ˵ţûκεǿ෴ķΧҲһѡ
򵥵ĳԹͣҲڽϲͣйţԶһ󿨳ٵĽʻ
ҪˮЩ촽Ƶ˵ţȴһֱڰְֵϡ
˼ˣȥվҾͿԡ
ĵ˵ͷ뵽һڶݵദʱ⣬ֻܴӦ
ཿȥĳ̰غҲЦҪ֪Դʧ֮еһжʼ˳ȻҪһְҲʮס
ôͻȻͿأǲڹˣְ棿һʶѿڶĻҲúһЩԥ
ʧȥ˼䣬Ϊʲô˵ôϤĻأ
һѿڶҲһЩǣΪʲôЩʶȴҲ벻أ
վﲻͣĽ˼Ҳ֪ʲôʱŰְȥ
ԶǸͻȻʻĴ󿨳ֱĳźһȥ
Ѿһʱɲһܵһɾҵĳײ
̰غˮʱ򿴼ľԼİŮӵѪ֮С
˻ߵĴ𣬰žȻ
һҹڣེ͸׾˭ҲȴԻһ¡
ུ˿ҲѾˮҲǳԼİ֮УҪְȥˮҲᷢ顣
һжѾˣѾײˣʱô죿ȥˣǲǹһˡ
ཷģ費κģҪľǰ
ӱؽŰοΪľǷֹΪ赹ȥ
Ҫ֪СӵǽΪģĿһķܹֱһ׵顣
ҲãðְȥˮͲᷢһжΪҶིá
ĿţǿҲԵʮ
ʿҲѾһѵȥ
ڸ׼ʵĻ֮Уͣĳҭţ֮ҲڲͣĽ
׸ôźãһжΪϱĳʲô飬ŹԼأ
ģЩĲལôˣԲκģҶֻҪŵȴͺá
̰غտٵĽŰο˵ҲԵʮͣ˲ԾһЩ
˭ǲ˵ļһϢҽ˿Ҳ˳ҲЦݡ
ңǣʲô顣ٵĳ˹ȥ̰غ˵һЩոտûҽ˵һ¡
Ĳ֮ǰܹʲô̼ͷһѪ飬һγײģǸѪ鳹ʧҲָ䣬ЩʲôʱָҪһָʱ䣬ҲֻһЩ΢Ĳˣûʲô̫صģԵȴСʱͻѡ
ҽ˵֮ҲԴȸԾҽҵôûмôɵ飬ǸŮӵĺܺá
ллҽллҽۿ˾ƽ˲̰غյһЩƺǲһеĺ¾
ཿԷ˰ɣѾָ˼䣬ʱͿԼǸӶˣҲһҪסͰְҲһҪһȰŶԡ
֮ǰ̰غҲ̲סһ̣Ҫ֪κ˶Ըġ
ְģվͬһսϵģҲһ㡣




336 Сӵ
 

˵ȴЦţֻҪְĸָܹѾ㹻ˡ
˿ٵ߽˲ľ뵽˯֮еĺһ
˿̵ĺһ˫ۣĽëԼĿԸоǷݲȴ˾Щʵ
ټĲڸ˾ȵĺҲʮֵ˾Щ־塣
ΪVipԵʣڲ֮ҲžµḶ́˸ƻͣƤ̰غΪҲܹɹķӵġ
һϲ˻ӣȻĻӵĻΪһĸ׵ȻҪԷӵġ
֣ʵʲôͿֱ˵ͻȻƻЩϰء
εСƻ˵Ҳ¶ܡ
ʲô㣬ֻϣʱǰ˵һЩûǷ޶˵ĸгҲһĺôһٸŪһСأ
̰غ˵ţ֮Ҳдţڴôһӣһ뻹ġ
ȻĻͿԸԸˣҪ֪֮ǰ˺飬ͻȻ֮Ҫһãǲܰɣ
һ˼ӣִཱུҲԵĴҪЮ
ǲһСãôһжֻһơ
ལ˭һ֮һ֮ڲϣôƴ֡
̰غ΢һЩŭҲڿѹԼŭ𣬱ϾҲŹؼԵá
ְۣأǸոպ˵ЩʲôأΪʲôȫѾˣǼҲòأ
һֺСԼͷһ߹һΪѵó̰غ׵Ŀ˶һЩΡ
ǷˣӽеһжģֻҪܹҺ֮Ĺϵõ;Ϳԡ
˵ţвʣȴҲֻܽż֡
ƻϲãֻԼҲˡ
ļҲϾҪָˣҲ˵һǸ۰ĺӡ
ֻǲ֪ĸĹϵ᲻õ͡
ƻĶͣŴ⣬֮ҲЩ
ϣĸ֮ĸܹԽԽãĻԼҲܵ㹻Ĺػ
Ҳ֪˶ãƻֻǶԵһЩ͡
һڲֻǷȵĺʣµȫ
ĽëҲʼҵĲҲ۾
֮ˮζô£ԺԣĿ֮ǽɫһУһõĻ㱸С
ң˻Ҫתͷһ鿴ȴڲ䳶ͷϵ˿ڣҲ̲סһ
̰غԭǴ⹤ϵ£ϸ΢ĳҲٵĽԼ߽һתƣľͷĺһ
̫ˣˣȥҽ
Ҵææ˵ţҲٵܳ˲ֻΪ˵һʱ֪ҽѾ˹
ҽҲǾһϵеļ飬ҲԵЦݡ
Ƿİɣ˲ûʲôˣֻҪúõϢһʱ䣬ͿʱѾ̼ܵ
鱨ҽҲؽ˶Ͼɲÿһ˶ܹġ
ȻĻǾ鷳ҽˡҽͳ˲̰غ߿ľĸӶ˻ദӡ
⼸ֳ˺ܶ࣬ұԽԽ˧ˣԺһһ˧СӰɣ
ĸֺգ֮Ҳ˸Ứ
Ҳ֪ԼôˣӵһɲһЩܿƣͷ·еίϧһ̾ͳ׵ı
裬㣬Ҫ뿪ˡС˵ţҲٵڲ
ֻҪһǼķֱ𣬾;ԾһЩ־塣
裬ҪˣʱϾʣһˣǸʱͳһû۰ĺӡ
Զ뿪ཱུģҪ֪ĺӾˣôɰôأ
̲סһһֻԼҲһЩܿƣЩͷ·ûмһҪʡ
̰غտĸӶദΣҲ˼дֻһԼͷϵĹ
û̵ĸӰ̸۸ӣҲ˾һЩ֡
һǺгڽţҲ֪˶˽̸Ҳ𽥼ȡ֮Ǿȵĺ
Էŵһԣ̲סһ鿴ľڴ˯ŵĺͿͿ
Сֺʮֵ˸ȥǴоˡ
СؽӱֱӷŵԱߵĵ˴ϣ̰غջĽԼΪӸϣµʱ




337 
 

֮ͻȻֻʣºһͳ̰غˡ
˾Ĵţ˭ҲҲ·ڽŲһ˵Ժ֮нŷӳ
Ǹʱûо˼㣬İ㣬Ӧѡġ
Ҳ֪˶ãͻȻڣֻϧ֮ȴ޵İˡ
Դӷ֮ÿһ춼ҽŷʡеʱ򻹻ΪЩǳ
һֱڿڿ˵ԼһȴûбְֹеҲֻһζռаˡ
˵ЩʲôأЭ鶼Ѿǩˣ˵ģЩκ˶ûа취н͵ġ
һƺڶ֮Ҳ޵ľ
ʱȻʧȥ˲ֵļ䣬ǲúɣû̫ǳ
ԵĻЩԸҪΪֻſЩνķգǰԼʹ
ĶԲٸһλ𣿱Ͼ֮仹кӣ޹ģܹҪһϸֽļͥŶԡ
ŵԼ̬̰غСĽſΪľܹθ顣
֮ѾһݵľأҪֿĻ¶˶һĥ
ˣҪҲһΪȫļͥ
̰غգҪ͵ʱ㾿Щʲôɻǵ˵Щ˵Ļ֪һʱ֮޷ܣûΪʲôͲԸأ˵ֻһŮˣ
һ̲סһʣ֮ҲԵһЩ
ֻҪһ໥εĻһÿﻥɵĻĻĻҪҲա
ʱ㲢֪Ƿʲôҵʱ򿴼ľ޼飬һҵĴԶʮֿհףҲ֪ȥ˼
̰غǿѹסеŭԼƽ
Ҳֻƽ͵İе⿪ʣµ黹ˡ
ô£˵ЩΪʲôҶǵˣ
üͷ΢΢֮Ҳ޵ǣһ˵֮жЩ̽
̰غյ˵ЩʲôЩʲôʱģΪʲôһ㶼ǵأ
ʵ˵ԼĸоһЩ⣬Ҷǵõģͬһ飬׼ȷ˵ΪܵɱΡ
󵨵˵ԼĲɣ̰غΪҲ֮ĸ飬ֹݸܵһЩĲӡ
򵥵ĽеһһҲһЩãȻȴҲͻȻʲô
˵ֺһĹǹ֮Ĺϵô˵ĻΪʲôأ
һüͷеѯʣԼĺ飬ԾһЩš
ʵһʼҲţǺһ֮ҲŷȷһЩΣҲյ˶֮ŹȥģʣµҲѾ֪ˡ
̰غĵ˵ţ˿ûκεĲã෴֮лʲô
֮ȱľһΰɣ飬˴֮ӦøԷһЩػǡ
ˣЭ鶼ѾǩˣѾҲûˡܿԼߣһҲԸ̽Щ顣
ֻһãȻôһԼ룬鲻Ҫˡ
ЭԲõ棬ΪǷЭǼٵģҾ֪ԼΪһʱŭһЩͣͣԸûЭǩ֣ЭѾٵˡ
̰غ˵ţ֮ҲԵĴһЩȸԾ֪ԼԸûôĺãЩҲ˷
ʲôҲ˵Э鲢ûǩ֣͵ӣҲԵһЩȣǲ䳶˿ڣȴҲһ˿ϲá
ԭΪѾǷˣȴû뵽ԷĻѾһûκεĿܡ
ҵȻ׵ĺ飬Э飬ͿˣΪЩԶᷢһҲֻҵӣ㲻ԸҲֻˡ
΢΢ЦţЦҲ˾޵ϲá
㵱˵ôΪûôˡ
һС첻ĽűԹ֮Ҳɴŵ⡣
һ˵Ĺϵܹб֣еᶼѾ⿪ˣҲ֮ĹϵԽԽá
ʱǴŭ֮ҲûǣںˣⶼѾˣǷ޶ǲӦúúõһ¸ˡ
̰غ˵ţ֮Ҳ¶Ц⡣
һ ֻǰһۣҲû˵Щʲôɻزϣ֮ȴԵЩӡ




338 
 

ֺ𣿿ĻΪʲôأ
벻ף룬Ϊ˵һжΪʹࡣ
ļʱڣ֮ĸҲѸٵĽŷ ֮ǰҪá
ÿһ쿴ԼĸӣҲ֪˵Щʲôãֻ΢Щɬ
Դ˵ĸ֮Լһһ
裬㶼ûкúõˡһ첻˵ţ۾ҲڲͣĽŪƺǸί
һڲϿԼͷϵ˿ڣҲԵһЩգҲ֪ʲôʱſԳԺ
ôˣལǲʲô˵ĵط˵ˣҪؼң
еľӵһԣҲ̲סѯʡ
ûʲôǾûǰôˣÿһоֻаְ֣Ҫ˵ˡ
˱죬ҲǸӵί˶ģ;Լһġ
ལǧҪô룬ҺͰְֱϾǷޣ㲻ͬĸӣϵһ⣬ϲ˭Ҷܲϲѽ
ӱؽŰ֮ҲԵشų硣
ӵԶҲΪκεա
ĸ˵ʲôĻúõ׼һ°ɣͿԳԺˡ
̰غոһ߽ľĸӶһ̸Ҳ̲סǰȥһ̽
Ͼӿǹġ
ֻں˵ʲôʱһһְ֣ڵְһҲã֪һЩߡ
۾ͣĽתƣҲʱһƲߡ
úúãֻҪҪʲôҶԸ򣬵ǰǵָġ
̰غտԼĶӣһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãֻԵһЩգʲôʱܹıһ¶ӵ뷨أ
˼ҵĺӶؼֱǼвС
һŸ֮ദһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãֻѡһԹߡ
ƺͻȻʲôһҲһοڣ֮лԵĻϲ
ˣղǲ˵ͿԳԺˣļٵģҶüûҵǦˣֻоϵʼһЩ
ͣĻԼ˫֣ձʱָо;ĳ졣
ȷͿԳԺˣھ͸úõ׼һ£Ȼ˵ûʲôҲһҪһҽûиһЩʲôҩ
̰غղĵ˵ţҲͬһ˿˶̲סҪЦ
ݹػϵҲ˲Ծķš
һļ尾Ҳ˻ؼҵĳ
һصУҲ̰ԼСϣ˵Ǻܴ󣬵ȴĪ͸¶һּҵܰ
ǻؼˣҽԺҴĶҪˡ
ڴϲͣĴŹǷݼҵĸоĳᡣ
裬ʲôʱſԻصļѽҶѾþûڼˡ
Ϳ˵ţҲԵһЩɥֻϿصԼļУزģֻоȤ
⡭ԵһЩΪѣһһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôã⼸ʱҹľǳ̰غﴦģ
ѾһƣȴĽż֣ѿһǶѻ˺ܶ๤Ҫ
ҪǸȻȥɣҿܻҪٴһ£߻һµĿγҪȥһεıѾˡ
һҲһЩΪѣԼĺҲЩᡣ
ཱϾҲѾˣӦýһ
ҲΪҪһȶʱβУȻÿһҲ֣ܿЩûнܡ
һҲģһ˲زģһЩô졣
ĵĽѯʣ֮ҲԵĴЩǳ
ֻԼһȫǸơ
Ҫƭң̫ĹҪˣкüҹҿһﲻͣæµŹѾƣˣȴڼ֣컹Ҫ취ҿġ
һ˵ţ˵ۿ֮Ҳ̲Щˮ˫ҲỨ
᲻ÿӣȻ˵ΪңҲҪԼһЩء
ɵϣһֻһ˹øöѣ˵ڵĲƲһѾ㹻ˣ˾ô죬ܲΪһ˵˽Ӱȫ
̰غĽ뵽ԼĻУСĽŰΪľǷֹԷƫ
ҽ˵һҪľǰĽһҲΪŲİһ
Сӻأ˾ͲעһЩ𣿡




339 ܵĿ
 

̲סһԹ˵ĸһ£ǲ֪ΪʲôһֱĴ
ལΪ֮ĺӣӦøоңΪĸöںҲһ¡
̰غԴǵĽۣģҲһڱ۵ĺӡ
һŸӶﲻͣĽۣҲһγ˯˹ȥ
һʱ춼ѾӶ˷·͸¶һֺг
ôԶһĺһΪӦǫúӲŶԣΪأҲӦһԼĸס
ٵĽһͣΪľǷֹʱӰ˸Ӷ֮ĺг
ˣոĽڴ绰˵ȥһѧУҿ˯û˼㣬ȥɡ
ͻȻ⣬̰غҲ˽һ䣬µʱø⡣
Ǹ˼ԼʲôĽʣµҲǺ
ôڲŸ֪֪Ļ֤һҪٵȺüſԳɹġ
̲ס߬ȭͷ֮ҲЩĲĸоǷء
ǸҲû뵽ǿ˯㣬Ҳ˼㣬Ӧûʲô飬ҿڵӲǺż
̰غտٵĽһȣҲ֪˵ЩʲôãԴӺһָ֮ΪɷľͿʼü䱰΢
ˣһЩȳȥˣǸŪһЩԵģͿԼסһҪŪһЩԼϲԵġ
ĵĽŶҲһҲٵȥ֮ѸҲ˾һЩʵ
ҴææѧУľܣյŵɫ·ǵɫأҲ·ʧһ
ʦôڲǽ𣿱ǸһЩһЩǷ޸Ѿȡ֪ȡܸܲˡ
һ˵ţһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôã˶ҲһЩţֲĴڡ
ûϵеһҲѾˣʲôʱȡԼ飬ҽչҲֻҪѰһĻдѡ
Ľŷܣ˵ҲһЩ㣬ⶼԾĺš
ʦʵҲôһˣΪʲôѡʦҵأȻ˵ѾƴԼĳɼԽԽģڳأ
üͷɽѯʣ֮еȤ̽ҲĽչ¶
һֱ׵ľЩ飬ȻȽԼƷΪʲôҪ㷺Щͽأ
ÿ˵뷨һÿһָıʤָ֮֮ǰҲö֮ЩָҲȾ˺һϰߣأΪû̫ͱ˳Ϯ
˵˵Ҳ¶Ϊɫɫ֮лЩĿɬ
ǰôʹûпǹʱͬ˽ӴմȾһЩͬϰԡ
е鶼Ѿɹ⣬û̫˺
ǲ֪ЩھôĴ֮󣬻ܷԼʼĵ·һֱ
ֲôһʼҿЩ˵Ʒʱ͸оϮΪԼĻص㣬ȴ֪ΪʲôڱϷмơ
˼ĵͷҲһȻģЩҲԾһ
ãʦ飬ûʲô̫ĸоԼҲᱻɳϮɡ
˵ʵ֮ǰʶЩھһֻ֪һζȥһЩɼҪľԼƷøӵҲκ覴á
˲ﲻͣĽ̸ۣ˴֮Ī͸¶һ˿˿г
ݺгҲ˾һЩʵڶڰй۲ʱǿۡ
ȻƷһ츳ȴҲԼɫ
ûпɣʦȻҲƽľĺһȥн̸кܴͬ㣬ܹһֱȥҲһ£Ϊƽƽߡ
̲סڽ̾Ҳʮְ䣬ֻϧһѾԼİ֮ˡ
Ҳô˵ҲֻΪѹ󣬲ŻɵЩš
һ̲סŽΪľǷֹʱһЩҪᡣ
ҵһЩⲻ˵⣬ûϵٿԻøƷ
ڷһ̾ϢҲһεתԼߡ
н̸ҲԴٽһ¹ϵ˵ʱĿһƳƷ
һûһԼĳΪ֪ʦô




340 Ĺͨ
 

ܿڣ̲סѯʣ֮Ҳڴ
ŮӺ˲ͬҲҪһھ޵ķǷܱʼġ
ôվһʦʼܲȴɣֻҵƷõ˵ϲʲôûκιȻҲϣԼƷǮƻ˵Ⱥš
һֻ΢΢Цţ֮ȴҲ޵㽡
ֹһλ⣬ֻϧЩͷ·һڴһǰңɼȴִһ˿˿
ϣϣԼס˵ĻպҲԼʼǿġ
ؽţȴЩźкܶ鶼һʼȫء
˵ʵ˲ڴһԴԴϵаɣҿƷĺܲһִ󵨵ȴִһ˿˿ɬ
̲סһ˵ɫҲԾĴЩĺ
Ҫ֪ԷһߣһеһЩҫɡ
˵ʵҲںܲܿҵƷҪֻڱ˿ҵƷʱϲοƷұдҲ׵Ľиġ
ʵ˵ҲûκϾԴȪˡ
ʵҲԴʵƷƷأҲԻͬ˵
ʱҪľһЩɫ·Ϊֻſӵľ塣
ʱأǳɫϵͷ·տһԶ͸¶һϲá
ʦ˵ʵƷһĲǺ⣬˵С׼ˡ
һҲԵһЩԥԼĻҲ֪òý
ʲô˵ɣϾôʱҴûκ˵˶Ҳֻһζֺãȴûп©
ֻ΢΢Цţ֮Ҳ޵ͣһֱƷһ©Լ֪ҲԸ޸ġ
Ϊûзֵˣο©Ҳ͸¶һʵ
ÿһεƷ·ڴһϰߣϰ߾ͷ·һǲġ
˫۲ͣĽţ˵֮ҲЩĹʡ
ƷֻϲԼϽ飬ҲԸĽ˼
ֻⷬˬʵЦţЦҲ·õԼϲĶһ
û´ҵƷ·ڷһȱڣȱأҲ˾ôżУ֮ԼķʾĲ
ʵɫҲ˲ԾһЩ١
ΪſԿ˵ڲͬͬʱҲԸܵ졣
һһЩ¥ʱôҰѶžȥһκܸлָϣл˿ԹͬȻ˵ֻһ񣬵ǲһΰĿġ
һ˵ţ֮Ҳ·ǳ¶һ㣬ҪԼռĿꡣ
ܵҲ˾һЩʵΪŻʶľŻһЩ°
ǵӴʱ䳤ˣŷֲе˶Լһ޸ġ
ܾһӵкܴȴҲڲͣĽֲԼķµķʽ
ûʲôĻͿ뿪ˣʲôԵһʱҽһЩѯʣҵĵ绰룬ʲô¿ֱӺҴ绰ϣһٴμʱվ̨ϡ
ԼƬȥ̽ƵҲ˾лһЩȡ
ǽӲӵƬһֻԼŬ
ڴһԼҲӵƬƬҲԱעʦ
ллʦûʲôĻҾˣϣһеԸԱʵ顣
ľ˸ҲٵȥֻΪ˸Ͻһºͳ̰غյ顣
ཱϾһСӣҲҪѧҵϵ⣬ܲһֱڹֹͣ
еҲѾˣȻĻعҲһ£˵Կķչ
οҾڹڣĻҲ֪Ҫȶ೤ʱ䡣
һߣѩÿһ춼ΪԼ뷨ŬţƷҲͻЧ
ɼɲ㣬ôеһоӦʼղУƽ紳һͷǱһЩȤ
ֺԼİ칫ڣͣشЩ£Դӽ˹˾ҲʼʳؽŴ
˾ЩԱ󲿷ֶϲ£ҲΪ˲ٵģɼ飬ҲһЩȱݡ
ѶҲԼ޴鷳еʱ򻹻һЩԤƵķա




341 Ϊ
 

ĭһҵϽΪͻŮӣҲһٺòѡ
ֻϧͻȻ֮ͽһת᲻˵Ĳ¼ɣ
칫ڣĭ˲²ⲻʲôֻ֮ԵһЩɡ
֪Ҿʲô飬ûµĻҾҪԼͷϵĹϾոսֹ˾ܲС˷ʱ䡣
Ϊһε飬֮ĹϵһЩԶԼĿԸоԷֿܡ
ĭ֪һεĲ¼ɾǶĲأе鶼ѾȥˣҽҲϣܹµΡ
µ֣Ծ֮߬ҲЩļᶨ
ĭһˣڹϽǶɫĹ۲Ҳ˲ԾεȻ̾
㻹ǿˣеһҲֻԼˣοֻΪһʵѡ񡣡
ĭɴŲٵ룬Ҳ˾֮һЩ졣
ҶѾ˵㲻ҪˣСӵƢ¹죬⵹ǲԸһ²µһְλʽʼҵ飬ϣɿǰ
ֺն˵ţҲԸԷκԥĻᣬЩҪһС
ڸϣԶһԥݣڹԲټȥǹ˵ڴ
ѩվ⣬Լĭ̸֮һֱ΢΢Цš
ֻɵ磬֪е˰ɡ
ֻϧ֮ĹϵΪһҲùĽиԤֻԱ߰ż
ֱ룬Ǹ߰ģֻϧȴֻΪ˹顣
ļҪǩ֣ͬʱҲϣȽһ£һЩҪ˵
ĸ߸ЬڵϷ죬Ҳ˾һЩ̶ɼҲɱⲻ˴߸Ь鷢
ʲôûʲôĻͿʼæµԼ£ĭҲҪΪȥһЩϵ顣
ֺ΢һЩ裬Լ飬£µʱ˺ĭ
ԼҲûʶԼеǷݹġ
ģѾˣοҲϲĽԲһЩ˺Է飬ҲֻΪãһ
ֱ˽ ѩȻ֪ⷬʲô˼ȴҲûٹĽмƽϡ
е鶼ѾȥˣٹĽ׷ҲֻԼиӷƣȻĻǺαأ
ϰ壬ȻѩСĻôҾȥһˣ飬наŰɣϾΪԱвϰ廰ĵ
ĭ˵ţҲ߳˰칫ңվ̨ϲͣĽŵȺ򣬿ľǳԼѩ
þòôʱźܴı仯ֻҸǿȴûб
Լ֣ѩϵЦݣҲ˾һЩʵЦǷĵģҲġ
ѩС㻹ǻ˵һЩôҶϰ嶯һЩ˼أҲֻһݱ΢ѡ
˵һȴԾ𻨣˴֮֮Ҳ޵Ĺʡ
Щ㲻Ҫˣ˶ΪŮ˵ģʲô˽أϲҵĸҪŬȥȡһֱһĻĽɫԸ𣿡
һλѩ֮Ҳ˹
ǰ֪鵽ʲôֻ֪һζȥȡŷָ飬ϣԷġ
ÿһ춼æµȻװʲôںӣ֮жԺһС
Ȼ֪Լ뿪ʱھʲôԼĿԸо֮һЩȴҲ֪ԭʧȥϵ
ѩСʵ˵ʵܵϲѾڲԸٹĽдΪ֪ôŬ֮䶼κεĽ
ĭ˵ţԾһЩʧ䣬Լһˣ;֮޵Ŀɬӡ
ǧҪ룬һеģȻҲ뷽跨㵱Լ飬ϾΪ飬Ҳٵķ졣
ѩٵĽнͣΪľǷֹ֮ΪһЩϸСֿ
ˣ˳ȻɣЩҲùĽǿοԼˣһġ
ĭЦţֻЦԵһЩ԰ף˾ô޵ˡ
ϣԼĸֺ̫ķգҲֻзſá




342 ѩȰ
 

ȻĻҲ֪˵ЩʲôһҪסĸ鲢һ㣬ˣôֻ˵˵Եû
ѩôһ仰ҲѸٵȥԸٹĽͣЩȻѾעˣôκ˶ûа취иı䡣
ֻԼø㣬ҲҪˡ
̰غպעǲһģȻĻΪʲôҪԼһЫĳŮˣȡһûȡأ
һЩҲᷢЩɣ̫š
ֺһڰ칫֮УҲ֪ЩʲôҲ΢һЩ˿һ͵ľżˡ
֪ΪʲôڸոýĭʱҲʶĽһؾΪľǷֹ˺ĭ
Ϊʲô뷨أѲΪõĲ𣿿ɼǲΣҲܵ˵ѽ
Դһλ֮ÿһμĭ֮жһĸоҲ˶һЩ
ָоϲȴһֱڽأѲԼϲǸ
ĻһԼʲôأѲֻһϲ
ﲻͣĽ˼˵֮ҲǸӵĸӣҲ֪Щʲô
ϵֽϲͣдԼ֣ддžͷѾһˡ
ĭֽĽչ¶Ҳ˾ôá
һ̨Ÿոѩ˵Ƿ֮ҲǸӸӡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ׽ŪأѾˣȴʱܵ˹
׸ôõľ񣬼Ȳ˺˵ĹϵֿԼȫˡ
ֺĻϲԼ𣿿ϲĻô֮ǰΪһһϵʲô
ſϣ˵ҲǸӵᣬ֮Ҳ䵱޵ǳ
µڸ˷̫ʱ䣬ԼĶʼûǡ
Զһӵ飬һʧңȻҲ׵һ˸ı䡣
ѩС㲻Ϊ˸齫Լʮֶ񶾣Զˣڸ鷽ȴ˰̡
ԼôϣԼѶû
һúԼҪĶҲѸٵĻص˼УľǸ۵Сۡ
Ǹڸʲôÿһɵһദĺ𣿡
̲סһָ֮Ҳ޵ǣ˵ô£ǸȴƫƫŪһ
裬һֱ㣬ֻϧְһֱﲻͣŪŵԣһ˺ܹ¶
ٵܵһԣ̲סһԹҲǸӵĿɬ
ֻͰְһҲҪǣڰְֺ֮ѡһֻѡ衣
ԼĹҪѽԺ㳤˾ͲһֱˣȵǸʱҾǹ¹µһˡ
ӱؽŰΪ˾Ǹıһºཱུ뷨
ôΪһСܹܲ˽еʱҲôһЩΡ
ҲΪŸӦѡһʵʱһ
ֻҪ飬СӸĸԣͰְÿһ춼ڹ
΢΢üͷཱུЩҲǸӵķ꣬ҪúõĽһݷйΪ˲ֻܽ͡
ûְ費ͻʮƽĻҪĶҲ㡣
侲ؽŹȰΪľǷֹʱЩƲĽᡣ
СӾҪĶֻ࣬һ򵥵飬ΪͥһЩΪѡ
ɣҺԼԺÿܵĩһȥ棬ҲΪһ˲ҪгһЩǧҪΪһЩϸС¼Ӱ˸顣
̰غҲ뷨뷨˵˳Ҫ취һ˵ĸøӺг
ĿĹôæһûʱҸô죿һ˴ڼкͱķһѾˡ
һѴӺһĻѣҲڲ˵Լƽ
ÿһڼмǺͱķȹõһʱ⣬ôѾģ
ģȻҳŵľһǧҪҿǹ˾ϰ壬ϰŵ鶼Աء
ӱͣĽ飬ֻΪñ˴ܹ֮⿪ǸĽᡣ
ǰһֱףΪʲôԼĺӶԼû̫أֱһ̲ʶֻΪû顣




343 ع
 

ҲϽʰһ°ɣھͻعڹҲˣӦĽͣοСҲӦôһԼѧϰϵ¡
ٵĽеʰãһ̲סһߴ٣ԭһЩԥҪڹʲôʱ
ɸոǷ̸ʱҲȷԼ˼ԲܶԺӵһǳ
Ҫһع㲻˵ڹ⻹һѧϰ𣿡
ȷĽѯʣ̰غ֮ҲԵԥϾŮԼ롣
ģȻѾ˵ˣô϶ˣӵҲΪҪοڹҪ鶼ѾˣҲĿÿһ촦Щ¡
һֱæµŹʱӣ;̲סʹš
̰غô°һˣȴƫƫԸΪͣĽűԼжôĲס
̫ˣڿԺһؼˣĻһ˾Ϳžˡ
վڵϲͣԼҲĽף
飬ٶෳյ飬Ҳʲôˣ෴һһ޷Ҹ
ǻȥ֮ǰҪĸӶˣҵҲһ޶ȵģ˭ˣҾͲҪˡ
װһװͰ͵ӣΪľǺúõԸᵽĺ
̰غտźһ⸱ģҲ̲סЦһĸ׵ˣȴƫƫһһɡ
ģǸһ෴ÿһ㰴Ħܵʵϡ
ǿס֮Цĳ嶯̰غտٵĽһҲֱӱӡ
ǰôûŮ˾Ȼôɰ˵һЩʵ
˵ĻʲôôھͰеĻ˵ˣȻʱȥҪܣصĻƱǮҲġ
һֱˣСӵƢǿɰģҲ˲ݺӡ
û˵ĻֱʥּԲκεķڿԴźӻؼ𣿡
ȻĽӹһе̰غҲǣźȥ
ɲټȥȻʱŮ˷ô죿ǸҪֹµ
䣬߰Ѳ뷴ĻôΪĺӻɡ
ཱུҲֱŪ˿Ϸվ﷢ĺһ˲ͷӦ˹
򵥵ĸ༭˶ŷ˹ȥԿҲͲڵ̺¡
Ǵ⼸µģȴû뵽һʱĹӾѾԭ
ãֻһµ𣬲ûʲô̫Ĺϵ
Ѿǰ׼˻Ʊֱӵ˷ɻҲڡ
ڷɻҲβס˷ܣѾˡ
ϣ˯˹ȥֻҲβסҸһһֵʱ⡣
һ΢΢ĲͷſԼϵĺӣǵЦҲ𽥿ʼ͡
еļҳ˰ɣԺӵʱ޵ġ
ģԺҲһ侲Ľһ˼Բ㣬һεҲȷҲԣǸ
̰غճϿҵ˵ţҲѹѾõ˳ôһֱ취ԼǸһЩȴ֪ѿڶ
ģʼҶûֻҲ׾ʲô֪мḶ́ҲѾˣȥںЩ飬ΪûҪѾ˵ô׷ȥ޼¡
һ˵ţȴһЩͻԸЩ˷̫ʱ䣬ϣԭЩֿ鿪ʼûˡ
ֺʲôܹԤϵģԼôȴԼյġ
ֻ뽫ԼĹǾӪãҲҪټȥ
ΪЩһ׷˾ͻƻıʣԭЩӲĹϵøӽ֡
ʵҺô룬ԭһΪţǼ⣬û뵽ȴҸ˶ˣҲӦòӦû֮ĸ顣
Ľ뵽ԼĻУͣذţֻԭһЩĶ˲ƽ
ǰһֱΪʲôЩԶʧȥǣڿֻΪЩ
ĺƽϣôҾͲѡعֻ뾭Ӫһ˵ĸ飬Ҳȫ֮Ժ󡣡
ǼӲĻ֮УҸĽ˵һֻԼ鶼˲١
òϵԼȷţǼҲֻһ˲䣬е鶼ѾͲʲôˣԼ֮ǰ뷨һЩɡ




344 Լ
 

֪ɻҲѾͣ˹ֻ˯ģ
ص˯ҪϽؼˡСؽһΪľǷֹŵ˺ӡ
Ҫ֪ں˯ѵʱ־ǽΪģʱһҲֱӰ쵽ӡ
̰غǰ׼õĳӣأҲĻ˵ǳģȴĸ
صУķҲֱӰѺཽ˹ȥ˷֮С
һΪйҵҪҲֱȥ˹ҡ
ȻҪҲ̸һ½Լͬ飬֮ǰһֱĹ˾Ҳʱһһ˶ˡ
ΪԼҲŪ˲ٵ¶ˣأЩνô޶ۡ
ҪԼҪ֪һԼˣ֮Ҳˡ
̰غղĵ˵ţ֮ҲԵسһЩǡ
ֺԼӾĸ飬ӵ顣
ѾˣҲҪŬĴһԼƷƣȻйңôӦúúõľӪһ²ŶԣֻԶ˵ı۰֮£ĻҵĳɳҲ
˿ٵĽһ̸ҲɿԸоϵķ
ȻϣԼӺйĽнӴϾǹڹԶҪ˽һֱصԭ
ɲ֪ʲôʱʼЩԭѾ𽥵ķ˸ı䣬ϲѹ͸ϵһ
Ȼ㶼ôˣҲûʲô˵ģֻϣгһ㲻ҪڣӪһҹҲû֮еô򵥣һЩ黹ǱȽҪġ
̰غպĵؽѣΪľǷֹгһڡ
Ϊһ˿ɵľӪһҹңΪһҹҵĳɳȱپ£Ҳܹ׳ؽ
ôҶѾˣ飬ʧȥ£ҿܻƽѾָеļ䣬ôȥԣ
üͷ֮Ҳ޾ˡ
һֱֺԼõѣȴû뵽һᱻݺ
˵̸ݺǲ飬Ӱ˷޼ĸ飬˵Ӱһӵĳɳ
ټ
ȻĻ뷨ҲϣڼʱܹúõĽһ̸Ҫӹ˽Ȼʱֻ֮鶼ʼʡ
̰غֱӽһȰҲѸٵȥ鷿кܶҪټȥ
˿̴ڰ칫֮У֪ԼļƻѾ¶ڲͣĶԼĸĥ
Ҳ֪Լϲ˾˭Ժ֮мкһӰĭ
Ů˾ͷ·һһƹһҲƹҵ
ɺ޵һҲ׵ʧȥ
칫ҵͻȻ죬һ˽ǸɾĶҲ˸оǷݸϢ
ôôͻˣǲڹĲϰߣҲһһزѲҪιɫ𣿡
̲ס˵ţ֮ҲԵĴЦݡ
ʱûпܾģû뵽ոջڽУҲԼǰ
ĭںѩһ̸ҲѸٵæţԼͷϵļҲֱ뵽˰칫ҡ
ԭټİ칫ڴ˿ҲԵһЩӵֻΪ֮ĹϵһЩӣӶûа취׵Ľɡ
ϰµļ鷳һúõĿһһġ
еļİڷϣĭɾĶ֮Ҳ͸¶һ롣
ĭû뵽ҲһεĳΪ𣿻ǹϲˣվߵλϣ¶һЩš
ԼԵŮӣһֻһиС
ĭȷʵһȽŬŮӣΪԼĿԶиĽŷܽȻڸҲʮִš
һ㣬һǺܳʱûпСˣͻȻʲôҿŵòǽԼͬɣ
ĭüͷ΢΢ᣬ֮Ҳ̽ǷʲôҲúһԼ
һŮӣôѾҽĿģȻĻϻҲ˵ûбҪټȥ
󷽷˵ţҲֱӽļڷϡ
ܸл֮ǰչˣҲѾе飬Щ»ǲҪἰȻʱֻñ˴˵澡ʧǽԼͬĹ涨Ӧ֧һΥԼ𣬵ǰҸ˾棬ΥԼҲӦĽһ




345 ζ
 

һٵ˵ЦݣҲ˾֮һЩң֪νӦ
ֺɱţֻϧѾø겻
ôҲû뵽һѸ٣ԭҪһά֣ȴû뵽ԷѾָеļ䡣
ȻĻӦףŶԣҪʼӪҵԼĲƷԺʲôҪҰĵط˵޷Ҳһæ
ֺЦţЦ֮ȴ޾ĿɬϲȴƫƫҪķʽ˽˱˴˵Ĺϵ
ĭ֮ĶԻҲкܶ಻׵ĵطȴûа취ѯʣϾԼҲֻһˣȥЩһЩˡ
ͬΥԼѾǩˣӽҲףǰƽͬʱҲϣպ˻кĻᣬЩ׵ҲǣΪĺںѣΪеĹϵ̫಻飬ҲӦֵһֲˡ
ֺĵ˵ţԼЩ£;޵ıˡ
Щ鶼ûз֮ĹϵԽһάְɡ
أϵûˣѶһ޻̸֮
ܻǿˣ֮ʲôʸĹְһͨˣպҲϣ˴֮以ء
ļֱ˳ȥһǸɾĶ֮Ҳд޵ǳ
еһоˣ֮ĹϵļǩҲʽĽһᡣ
Ϊ֮вǸӵķ꣬Ūȴ˺ꡣ
ڣһһվҲ֪ʲôһЩ͡
һҲ˿һŮ˽ϵҲúһѸٵ̧ͷ
û뵽ôʱ䲻㻹ǵҽƾϵζͿԵ֪Ҿ˭
ѩԼԵˣҲ̲סһ٩
һһɰŮӣֲûΪһɡ
С㻹ǿˣ֪Сʲôʱأһλʲôأ
ֱӽ֮ľһЩһΪҲǷֹһҪۡ
ȻѾҪƲϵôͲҪκεľҲֻñ˴ѿ
ǰղŻֻһҲûκεˣֻ밴Լķʽ棬ҲСģҾԲصޡ
ѩƺڽһͣɽ͵ͬʱ̬ҲһЩǿӲ˾ڽһв
ûʲôĻҾˣСҲأϣһټʱҲԳΪĺѣΪ֮ǰЩ׵ԡ
ݵŻĴ˿һ仰ҲѸٵȥԸͣ
ҹ˾ҲǻһЩĵĻ䣬ǸϽ뿪ȽϺãȻʱҲֻԼܵһЩˡ
ѩǸӰʧԼ֮УҲ֪ʲôһЩ
ǰÿһκͺһʱмۺ죬ȴûкúõĿŮӾһˡ
ɾոնݵĹ۲ͽ֪ȷһΪ󷽲ǰӵŮӡ
ĻԼķڷ
źֱȥԱʳãѩζҲǺúõһֽ׼
ܵĶʵĴڣҲΪʱŲƽļࡣ
ЩúõĿһ£Ҳһľ֮ǰڹÿһСദҲǳ˻Ц
ɵЩһ¾Өʱײÿһ˶Žһ
ԭڳԷԱڿѩҲѸٵķ꣬ÿҲǱֱͦ塣
Ҫ֪ѩڹ˾֮еĵλͣǸոմӹ¾Ǹܵλá
ˣǻͿʼһɱӺϷ룬ҲΪӦøӽŶԡ
ҶԾĳԷҪΪҵĵκεľнֻһԱԷǵ˾
ӽǷݼž֮ҲʼһЩȻζ
֮ԷΪһЩΪֻſ֤Լǹ¹µһˣ߻һȺ顣
С㻹ǻ˵ЦʲôʸһԷأҪ˰ɣѾԱˡ
ǰܣǶѾԱˣͷĵĳ԰ɣʳõԱĺܲӪĺܾ⡣
һһƨʳڴ˷ؽŽӦҲѩЩѿ
ֻһЩΪʲôͱһζأ
ҶѾ˵ˣÿһԷͿԣΪʲôҪŪЩķеأѲɺϰһԷ𣿡




346 ػ
 

ʵֺǰһո뿪
˾ӯص»ɶҲ׷ҪʡֺΪ˾˵֡
˶֪ڵľҲֻһȶǾֺ
ڽټĺֺǰʾĹ˾״̬͹˾Ӫ
һԵֻһʱ֮Ϯ
˼绰ɧš
绰ҲǴϽȥ˾Ųסˡ
ǣҳһȺ
ֺ̫ѨĮĿһֱֻӽֻ˻
Ķ䶼챻һͣЪĵ绰ˡ
Ϊάֹ˾ӪҲΪ˸Եɷѿġ
ڶ죬ֺϼţŸ߲ġϼšĸֺ֣΢΢ü
վҪġ
һɫֺ̤˹˾Ĵš
ûмߣеĿſϾĿǰ˵־硣
Ȼûֺϼҳһš
ֻھۼ˼ʮˣÿ˵϶ֳֵĲˬԼΡ
ȥ˾ûа취Ӫȥֺӵ绰ɴ඼ʰ˵ˡ
Ϊ׵һԱѲͷˣʼ¡
԰ǣȥôӪ
СģԺôҰ

һЩԱҲ沨
һ̣ô֪ϼŻӪȥ
ʱǸӦŽһ£һԲߣ£
Ⱥһȴֲʧ
һɫװȴȺվ˳
˿ûע⵽ſڻվһˡ
һԵֺٲȻһֲ´ӡ
ȣЦŹ˼ơ
žžžžһϷ
һʱ֮˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ
һϮ£˵ϣ
ȿֺǾȣűϲ
ܻˣܻˣ
ȫ˵۾ﶼ·𿴵˹â
Ҫ߾͸Ͻߣֺ㡣
ֺɨһ۸ղǸµԱ
ֺһɽĻǰѸոǼµԱˡ
һͷٲ˵һ仰
ֺ첽߽ݣǽĸ
Ҹʲô
ֺ䵭ʵ
ʲôֻҪʹϼġ
ĻϲĻشֺ
ÿһ̻ĳϯֺߡ
ÿһεķװȾΪֺѡġ
ÿһݺͬݣȰҹⶨ
йֺϸƺɡ
̻ϣֺС
ܣʰһ鱦
һ˶ơƶǵĳĽֺ
ǰСȻᣬϼŵǴ㵽
һԵܻӦװźƵĸ߽űȵһ¡
ǶҲֻǿɼ˭ֺµء
˼֡
οȵĲŻڣòҲ
ԽŮˣԽǻᱻ۵Ļ⡣
ҿǸⱲҲֺܵˡ
ǰôʱҲֺһʲôݡ
˼ҺòֺɽΪòôһ𣿡
ҪױݵȣȴſһԻ
ǰΪòֺߣһ
أôʱˣֺȴ˿û뷨
ܻ˴ĴѰֺ
ȴûҵʧ֮ʡ
̧ͷһװֺһƶһվڶ¥̨
¹ҫ£ֺøҫۡ
붼û͸Ͻȥ
ֺ
һֺٶּᶨֺͷȡ
ֺôʱˣûеĵλûҪһ˳֣
ȾµСΪƾԭԵرۣʱֻ֪һ
Ǿֺûںûһ֣
ֺؿȣû˵һ仰ѡ˳Ĭ
һĬȵǷϵġ
ԭûߣΪԼһŴ
Ѿʼʧ
ѵͲܿԸ߲ϲ𡣲ȻЩģкܰˣ
ὥȵж
֪ʲôŮȴֺԡ
ҡ
ֺͻȻúܾᡣ
һ
ǰչҲһʱˡ
ȵʣֺĿʼһ㶯ҡˡ
ĵ׵ȴһֱһˡ
Ǹ˱Ǻһ




347 һ
 

ʵԼ֮ǰͰϺһˣҪǰӰԼͿʼ׷ˡҲΪԼ뿪֮ãҪӰĹ۸һԼԶ
ֺһɫװĹճ˳ġݵԱ̬Ȼβס˧
һԵȴһüõİɫȹЯֺĸ첲дң˵Цݡ
װ˧ͷĪˡ̾˵ţС˰İͷֺĸ첲ϣֹ쳣ǡ
ֺ΢Ĵ΢΢ȽҲ⶯ˣдúñ֡
ܵĿ޺͹ȵĶ˵黨ߵļװĴֺĿڣߺ졣
ھͷǰĻֺ᲻֪ЩƣԴе鶼ûо񣬻˵ʹ֪ĿģҲȥܡ
Ů̱߲׽Ƿ㣬۹¶˽ŵӦӰʦǵĸ
ֻҪĵطšƷᣬ쳣ȣӹƷ֮İԣǶŹ
ֺЩĲɣԴߵⶼԵӦһֱŮЦݣϬⶼܱĬĻ⡣
ֵķǳɫܶೡԱΪֺֻ֮̾㣬һƫͷȴЩüͷ壬֪˼ʲô
ôˣǲûϢã΢ͷ촽΢ü߷̸
ְֺ˰üģҡҡͷû£ֻ΢Щ񡣡ܿ¼ߵ⡣
Щʧ䣬ֳšֺߣٵˡ
ߺܶ࣬Եдرӵܶ߶վŵģֺĵӦżߵĵ⡣
ȻһĨɫٻӰȺ߹ȥΣôôϤһ
ֺԴںһ֣еǶʧ˼ߵ⣬ȵľȣٿȻվĨٻӰʧĵطȥ
GдỹûнأȾȵҪץסֺĺɫ½ǣֺ̫죬ûץ
ſջλε֣һ궯׷ô¡ȴʱȻмΪ⣬ֻӲͷƤס档
ôˣ
дỹû̫ûòˣ˵Ҳ˵һ
˭Ҫ˼Ǵܲأ
ߣкҲһ̫Ƿˣ
ǷǸоֺոյĲɣ˦뿪ǵĴڸܵսȺѲļֻǲԸġ
԰꣬ܲͻȻиҪǱǸʲô⣬ҺһشǱǸ
ȵĻɹǵע⣬ľϹԱʾֿǸ⡣Ͼ˭ܵԲܵߡڱֽ㱨ǵȫˡ
ֺ֪£ҼȵľϹǸһʶļ⣬Ͼֺܿ
Ŀ׷ֺӰֱʧջĿ⡣ʲôҪ飬Ȼһˣĸ뿪᳡
ȳָǶȻۣһֱάòзȵЦݣס˳档
ֺһֱ׷ǸӰ˻᳡һͷݵĶ̷˿ҲĶһϸܵĺ顣֪ˣڽš
ӵУֺĴѰңȴʼտĨϤĻɫٻӰţŹһСΪ˲©һҵĻᡣ
һҳ
˻ߵĴ󺰣ӵûиκλӦ·˶񿴷һе˿˧ֻ˼ţֺްӣûԵɵ˲ɾԾʿˮ
ԼῴǸӰѾǶԺ˳ǧڱ飬ѾΪڵִ
еƵᶼΪĵİӿһΪʲôȴΪʲô˼дʹҴ뿪
һһҵ㣬ܵĺǣһҪ׽
ֺġ
Ȼ˵ﻹȻŲ ľ˵ʹӵ˳ȴûһܽʹҩ
һһҵ㡣
ʲôһһֱĬ⼸̱֡·ڣĳͣѣȴȻ˿̵ġ
ӣҪҿɲ뵣Σ
ɵĻôֱ׳ģ

ʲôƣĴӼдʧ˻ǵֺǱڴϣǳԾ





348 
 

סĸ첲ֱֺܵϵΪǺһ֣ڲ״ϣ̧ͷȴȵβסʧ䡣
ֺʧǰס۾ıˣֺɻ󣬺һ˫ȣһεĳʧȥж
ȻȥЩݣܳ뵽ߣѵԼ𣿸ղǸӰĺǺһǺһˣпԼ˰ɡ
ֺ׼תȥΪղֺΪһű㲻ܲ˵ֱ׷˳ֺͻȻ뵽Ȼ棬ֺʹȥ
ֺոתһ벻֣һҵˣվסܡֺǸ˵ĻͫͻȻ
ڲЩʱҪľǸϽѺһҳֱֺתȥǸкһˡ
ΪȻǸ˽˺һ֣ôһһкܴĹϵֺϽ׷ȥǸкһ˸׷ϡ
ֺҵһΨһĻˣֺòȥϧȻ˽β֪ʱŻһ
Ǳߵĺһںݺݵţʲô˼ôôùҸˡҵ졣
ʱĺһ֪ԼѾֺˣһھֻϽҸطǸ˸ȥȻ֪ᷢʲô顣
Ǳ׷źһ˿һܵĺܿ죬һģۿžҪ׷ϣգۼѾˣһĭޣһӶʲô˰ǷӵǮʧ١
Ǹ˲ŴվԭغݺݵǣֺǸѾֺͣϽǰѯʡ
λ磬һĹϵǣΪֺ֪һ£Ҳ֪ҵ飬ֺʱ֪ѾǷ˺ܶծ
Ǹ˿ֺƵ·һԼһΪֺһĹϵӦòǳ뵽Ǹ˾ֱӶֺ˵
ǸһĹϵӦͦðɣҸ㣬һǼǷǮңҾܣȻһʶͰæ˰ɡǸ´ֺԼֻҪǮõ־У˭ЩҪ
ֺǸ˵ĻüͷǷǮôԼûѵһʱӾôֺӵǰ
ֺʼն벻ףΪʲôһҪľֱ뿪ΪʲôԼϵеôɣֺĸرĸӣ˽һ
ɣȥǰĿȹһġֺǰһȹݶԱϵ˵ţϾֺҪľǸϽѺһһ
Ǹ˼һ¾͵˵ͷȻֺһȥǼҿȹ棬Ǹ˿ֺҲ˶Ժҷ黹֪ӣԺһǺܹġ
ǱߵΪֺͻȻĳĲ֪룬Ȳֺ֪ΪʲôͻȻľֱƲԼһˣֱӳ˳ȥ
ֺ֪ô嶯ģȴʼվֻһˣǸʧĺһҧס촽ΪʲôԼ˵Ĳ
ҲֱܾӳȥϾﻹôļ߿ţȾֻһӲͷƤЩֺ߽ΪʲôͻȻ뿪
ֻҪһ飬ֺͻ᲻һУҲû뵽ԼͻȻ볡֮ȵĴֺκ鶼ȲϺһҪ
ˣ£Ƿծô£ֺüͷҵϢԼȷûйעֻһζѰҺһԲ֪ҵķչ
Ǹ˿ֺȷ֪Ϣ͸ֺŵ˵˺ҵڵ˵ҲǸùģôŮǰǸҶС飬ǸǼ
ֺǸ˵Ļ֪Ǹ˵ǺȻǼˣǼ鲻ǱԼôôô֪
ΪǸҶŮ飬ǺҿҵĹ˾һһǸ˵ҲҡҡͷΪϧôһ˾ΪǸĶŮ𣬹˾ˡ
Ǹеֽ˵ҲǿŮڼţŮҲһһѹھһծۣǷҵǮǷ˺öծ
ֺǸ˵ҲǷǮǷ˺ܶծʱüͷݺݵһ壬ôᷢչ˵һҲѹΪʲôһǲԼ֪Լܵ
ֺӿȹݳʱе̲ζζ




349 
 

ȻԺ󣬺ڵĹ˾ΪȻĳ£𣬹˾ҵһ·»Ƿһصծ
Ͷ·ĺҵۿѾƲıԵ
ȻڵĻϸĸһæծںȻˣʲôָûˡ
Ϊ׷ծˣ鲼ںܶĵطϸĸҪһ㻹ծ񣬿ȴûǮ
ͬʱˣܶ๫˾ܾˣԺϸĸҲܳȥ
òϵ֮ǰһҺѹ˾ò׽˺£Ǵ򹤡
Ǹս˾ãǰ׷ծˣŵϰĵط£Ǯ
ֵ˾˶зĻ̻̣Ϊ¾ǣԼ߸ϰ巴ӳ⣬ȻȻûã¾ͱˡ
ȻͶ·ˣ֮£ϷֻýںһϣԴǰһȻײˣҾͶҲûмˣֺҵ
ϸĸ޿ģҲûκǮԴֻǿźʱȥĳ棬ƾһѲôһЩЩǮ
˵Ҳ÷ǳ׾ݣǰĴǮˣȻҲڵڵľء
оЩծ޵׶һô
ͲӦýôǮڸͻˣĸеʱԾÿЩծǸ˶ġ
ӣôôѹˣԼʡ
ΪһֱûкúõϢѵϢʱ䣬Ҳ˯һ
ܸоЩģʲô鷢һԸովˣҲ˯ˡĸ˵š
ɳ˼ġ
ǲ̫ãԲŻ뷨ҲЩծһ찲ӶǹЩߵĸԼ˵
úõ飬һծ֣Ҳ˲û
ĸ֪ԼԤǺ׼ģĿʼˡ
˵㻹СһΪãҪ㣬ҲǷôǮھŮҲˣһȻˡ˵ЩʱǷǳ۵ģôԵŮȻûˡ
·Ǵûһ
顪
ŵʱ
˲;ˣúҪȿ浽ʲô
᲻ǴծˣѹʣǳĽš
֪ծЩ˶ǳĲ̣飬ҪǲĻһ¶ԷͿˡ
쿪ţ治Ҹոն˵ˣ˺
Ǵܣ˵ţֶܵμ̣Ϊµľˡ
û뵽Ȼˣ֪Ǻá
ȥŰɣ綼ҪԵģʵڲҾĸ˵š
ĸɳ棬ɪɪ
ԼҲۣҲȥˡ
ǲŲǮⶼǷˣһһġܼˣԶݺݵĸ˵ţǳոյΪ
ûûУϲûҽš
ڴܵĺ棬һΨΨŵŵӣͲ˵ײĻ
ϻ˵ʲôʱҵǮֱӽſɽʱ򣬸Ͳ¡
ҪûԼǮģҪǲҲܹˡ
ܣûǮˡţ˵ϣرı΢
仰˲ͷŭˡ
Լ˰ӶѲţҪյǮ
ʲôǮûУҲֻðһˣҰѼеİ趼ƻˡ
ͺĸһϢģ˶ûͷ
ĸϵˮˣ˵ľ͸ˡ
Ա߷ǳ𾪣ûлع
ֱֱֻĶЩѪعʱ򣬺ĸΪʧѪˡ
ǳʹģԸһߣҲȥˡ
˾ڵϣ˭Ҳ֪Ѿˡ
ծǵ֪Ϣ֪֮һŮкһԾһֱѰ
ֺҲ˵飬֪һÿ춼ڵЩծ
ǳɻ󣬺һĽŲǲ·Ϊʲôڻ
벻ҲԽԽꡣ
뿪ԼһȷǳǷϣߵ֧֣ڲĺȻ
Ҳ֪굽ôģҲҹһǶûϢΪˡ
ֺһֱ˼һ³ĺһܵЩծǵ˺
ҲݲˣֻܽǰʵʼѰҺһ
ܻܵģڵҲҪҳ




350 ޴ծ
 

ֺץҪծеһˣҪ˽һȥ
֪֪һȥˣʵʵĽ
ǰǸӲûΪֺһ仰ú£˵ϵıĵЦЦ
ôܹ֪ϾһˣЩҪҵǺѣô֪ģ֪ĻôᵽѰҡ
ֺ仰Ժ󣬾ôһ֣ϾһȽȫ㣬ôܷ񲥳ܵô˶Ҳ
㻹ʵʵĽԼ֪齻ɣҲһЩƤ֮ࡣ
ֺֻǲҪԼһҲûжҡв
Ǹ˿ֺƣиĻţŵöҪ޳ˡ
ͷŹҰɣĲ֪ȥˡֺϵӣŭһ
㲻֪ȥˣһȲǺܺõˣǻ᲻֪
Ǹֺ˵һӷӦ˹˵һ
㲻ҪżҽͣһѾκˣǲҲ
κˣֺ仰ԺЩţϾҽԺҽ˵ȿⱲӶβˡ
ֺʲôҲ֪ӣǸ֪ԼǵþˣϽԼ֪¶˳
ծ˵Ǳһҽκˣ˵ĲҲκˡ
˺һϵĲκˣиļԺֿԺһˡ
ֺúһʹڲ֪ܵȺˣһܿġ
ǣ˵ĲֺһЩ浽κʲô׷š
˵ǸҽһκˣĲʲô
Ժ󣬵ʹԴ˼һ£ſڣ˵㲻Ҫ˵ǰввĲκˣԺкӡ
ֺϢԺ󣬺ܿģ൱ںһԴͷ˶ļˡ
Ȼ֪ںһĺϢֺҲûԼܹҲֹЩ顣
ȻѾôҲҲǺһҪ㡣
Ϊֺ֪ô飬ͻὫԼߣȴû뵽飬һ벻ͨʲô顣
һ£ҵǷǶǮһһŮӶԸŹ
ֺȻ֪Ƿһʵծ񣬿ǵж٣һûиԼԼҲûпʹ
һӽʵԼ֪ϣһӿԼͷŵϣ
Ƿ˵ǮڣǷҵҲһٰʮңЩǮǺҪġ
ǰǮңǾԺкõǰ;һӳӣҶҪҪȥֺ
˽ԼҪ֪ԺֺǵļҲûʲôá
ˣûʲôˣ뿪ˡ
仰Ժ󣬾ͺõһҴҵͷҲصܵˡ
뿪Ժֺ̲סĵ˺һǷôծЩζڵ߽ҳ
һ˲ܵһᱻҵģұծֺ֪һĲģһŮûа취Ӧԡ
ЩҪծˣûһǿԵˣǵֶο϶ĺ
Ժһ϶аٺһֺ̲סĵ
һ˼ǣԼȥĵطϲȥĵطұˣҲûпһӰ
ֺôһɥЩҪծҵһһЩֵ顣
ͻȻһܺõע⣬Ǿǰҽծ塣
ӺһҲΣˣǣĿκһ˾˵һСĿֺһӾ
Ȼֺǹ˾ģǶڹ˾һЩܹܲȫԸİңԼûȥ˾һ
ոյ˹˾ԺֺȥɾźۣɾźۿֺԺôһЩȡ
ܲãôͻȻˣǲǷҵˣѾ֪䣿
ԴֺҲ˺һԺ󣬹˾еصһѹɾź۵ϡ
ûУֺɾź۵ԺĻشˣɾźԺһ벻ΪʲôͻȻ
ֺסԺֱ´ɾźһ¹˾ʽʾͼɾźȻôһֺҪʲôȴûʳ
ֺһڰ칫ﴦŹ˾飬ͬȴɾź۸ԼҪĶ
ûжãɾź۱ԼõĶˣȴûֱӸ




351 
 

ֺ飬վеļٳٵĲԸԼôһż
׼ļ׼ûУ׼õĻùҿɡ
ɾźֺ仰Ժ΢΢סһ£ѯʵҪʲô
ΪֺûпҪļԼĵһΡ
ֺ˿ɾźۣԥ˺ܾԺ󣬻Ǿֱӿ˵
뿴һǹ˾ǷȶܹܲóڰҽڵΣ
ֺԼе뷨˵ԺɾźһȵĿȴҲ֪Լûа취ֹġ
ǣԼջ̲ס˵һ䣬ܲãڿɲһСĿӹ˾óôĻ˾ΣԺֻѩϼ˪
ɾź˵ÿһ仰ʵڹ˾ÿʱÿ̲֪жڶǡ
һ˵һѵĻֺȫûϸؿıֱԺμӱĺ̾һ
֪˵ΪҺãһֱҲһĻҪΪİΣ롣
ֺһ仰ɾźһӲ֪Ӧô˵ʹԴܳһʱ䡣
ˣ֪ΪҺãҲһʱ嶯һϸǵģȥɣ
ֺ˵仰ԺԼ㼱Ҵҵת뿪ˡ
뿪˹˾ԺԼһǰͺһĹ԰һڳϣŹ԰СӱıĿġ
þûҵһֺҲôһЩˣǣԼ֪ӦӦð⡣
ֺԼһ֣൱ڽԼĹ˾뵽˻
ȻԼһǹ˾ҲԼྭӪģ᲻á
˺ܳһʱ䣬ûԼ׾뵽һȫİ취
ֺԼƨɣӳվ
һ˿ӻʻ˷ĽֵϣͻȻûкһԺһӰࡣ
ֺ֪Լſڣһ˻ص˼鷿
зĸоһҲûм٣ֺŬԼƽٵĴԼЩ춼ûдĹ
һ鷿æ˺ܾԺڽԼöûдҪ鴦ˣ˾÷ЩƵġ
ͻȻԼıſվһӰһˣҴҵĽʰԺ˳ȥ
ǣոճȥԺ󣬱㿴Ӱ
ֺԼ̫ĺһˣԲŻֻþһ˴ͷɥıֻȥˡ
æµһȻص˼Ժ󣬾Ϳƽﲻô¥µֺһɳϣĵҲûд򿪡
ȿٵĽƴԺ󣬾Ϳֺһǳӣʲô⡣
ΪֺԸ⽫Լûֱӿʳ
ֺôˣһڿôƴ򿪣
ȵԺֺһӻعʶѾ°ˣҲѾˡ
һ飬̫ڳˣȫûע⵽ˣҶ֪
ֺ˵ԺͻȻôˣӦóˣûгԷڶ
ȵֺһЩҪܣǣո׼ܾûü˵ֺĶӲĹĽ
һֺεĲ֪Ӧôڣȸܵڡ
ˣȥˣ˵ţͽԼİ¼ϣܵ˳æµ
ڳææȥӰֺͻȻԼ̲ס˺һԼĳ
ûãȶȺķ˳ˣֺǱŸղŵƣһЩġ
ֺԷɣֺȵĻԺ󣬺ܿƶ˲ǰ
ֺǺųԼҳԵĻζбһЩ
ֺҸоӣңҲþû˿һˣǲǷһЩʲô
ᵽԼҪ˵飬ֺ΢΢סһ£ȴǺܿķӦ˹
Ǹҳֺ֪֪С̽ţҪ֪ȵ˽˶١
⣬ոҪ˵֪ȴһӾû̹ױȽϺá
֪һӦòᱻǣɣһ鲢Ǻصӡ
ȻһΪ飬ѾʧˣȫϵңЩҪծҲ
ֺĻһǵӣ˵ҾúһһʲôΣա




352 ץס
 

ֺҲ֪һڿ϶ûʲôΣգֺᷢһЩʲô顣
УҵȥһծֺԼе뷨һ˵˳仰һЩĽһȴЩסˡ
ãݹ˾ڵ״㻹Ըȥ᲻˵飿ȲûֱֹֺѯԼ
ֺԼ⣬ôһЩԥ
˾ȷʵܹôһĿһЩǮһĻ˾Ҫʱʲô⣬ûа취ˡ
ֺ˵һȣϽڣ㻹ǲҪˣϾǺҵ飬һһͿˡ
ȾܾԼһ˵ĻеôһЩҡˣ̾һ
ˣµԺ˵ɣϾںһ֪ǿ϶ʲôΣյģǿԷɣ
ֺϵķϾҪˣңȥҲʲôġ
Ҳֺ飬ԼʮʶʱĲ˵ʹԴ
극Ժֺһ˼Ҵҵ¥ȥˣֺ¥¶ԼĻվû˵ֻܹĬĬؿ뿪ıӰ
ʱ˿̣ĴӴܵĺһͻȻҪծץһЩҪծɫɷЩ£ϵıɸ⵭
һ㽫㸸ǷǵǮǰɡһû뵽ԼӴôãǱץסˣôһЩɥ
ǣץסҲûãǼҶƲˣ㹻Ǯ˵ں£ѵӦҸף
һЩΪʲôһֱԼ׷ᣬȺ˺һ˵ЦЦ
Ҳ֪㸸ûлôȥѾˣɷǺǮֻҪſ϶ġ
ծ˵仰úһôһЦϾԼֻǲҪ鷳ֺԲŻĴӴܡ
룡һʮֵļͣÿһ˶Щɶҡ
ʱ򣬶ﲻ֪˭ͻȻ˵һ䣬Ȼû㹻ǮծĻôǼͽˣҲԵõһʵǮ
һ仰ԺôһЩ£ȴǼװǿĿǡ
Ƿúͺһ˵һЩʲôҲûã㽫һ˶˷ĲֿһȺ˺ƺƵĳˡ
ڰĲֻֿ˺һһˣһŬŲ˴ߣҪȴԼͿߣװ׵˷Լ
һ˰ֵַһһѵ˳Ժ󣬱㿪ʼ
ţղŲ˵ģҪˣһЩ˶ղ˵Ļǹڻ
Լ⣬ʮּᶨĵ˵ԴĿ˵˳
ҪǱǮĻҲֻܹģȻǷôǮӦô
һȺ˶Ϊ˿һõԭԼǮŻѰҺһ
֮ǰֺץסС󲿷˶ͬԺһվ˳ηη˵
ǸǿɲһҵĽ飬ܻǸӰȫԵõǵǮ
ԭЩ֧뷨ˣ仰Ժһӿ˹
Сӣ˵һ˵ǽһȥİ취⣬ʲôð취Щ˶벻õİ취˵ţڷ
֮ǰһİץ˹ȥǮҺܹŮ˵ȥŮвǼһһʵǮ
仰Ժһ仰Ҳ˵࿴˿˴ˣСӿŴԥԥӣʮûס
˺ܾԺ󣬴ҲžˣôǾŮвǸˣòǮĻǾͽȥɡ
ͳһԺ󣬱СȥǸˣСȻֻһΣȴҲ֪ݣһֱֺıſڡ
ÿ춼ԿһԼſڣһλԿ
ֺȥʱûпſһˣֺ˵ôһ㾪ȡ
ΪԼѾûгȥˣȫ֪ſһЩʲô
ûУֺĻشһӰڼһЩʲô
ȳȥԺֺһ˳ͿſڵСӣһϳ
ҼſڴôʲôСֺԺһվ
ſѾܶˣֻΪ˸һѾץסˣҪסĻǱծ񣬲ȻǾطȥ




353 ծ
 

ֺ仰ԺЦЦĿȻңҲҸˣԶûа취ȥţ
С仰ԺЦЦʮֵļᶨҾ϶ᣬϾ㲻úһΣա
˵ˣȥǣȥҪĶȥǣҲúһˡ
ûҴˣǵַϣһȥȻС˵һԺֺͣһԷҪԡ
ãֺõ˶Ժ󣬱תصԼϾһѲˣֺҲԼܴ
ֺȥԺСһҲ뿪ˣϾѾԼ
ծֺ֪Ҫʮֵļֺ߽ʱһһҲûзࡣ
ϾֺһѲÿһ˶Ҳ׾ٵĵ
һİɣͿ뿪ˣһԺЩ£˵ĻԺһЩ⡣
ΪʲôҾͿ뿪ҪҪ뿪ĻҲԷ뿪
Ǹ仰ԺЦЦڿ²ԣϾǼǷǵǮûл
仰һúһӦˣһȵı鿴˵˭ҪǮ㣿
ֺǸ˵ԺͷҲص뿪ˣҲûмһѯʵĻᡣ
һֺ֮ôһ㾪ȣϾȺȫ֪Լɷ˭ôȥֺ
һϣʱʱ̧ͷźķ䣬һӲ֪ᷢһЩʲô
ֺӦԺ󣬿ٵɾź۽һǮת˻
ɾźֺ֪ҪôǮҪһЩʲôҲûм׷ʣֻЩ
ܲãһȥ᲻᲻ȫҪҪҺһȥ
ֺ֪ɾź۵Լ飬ԼǲԼһ
û¶ҲֻҪǮʲôֵ飬ڹ˾úõش˾ɡ
ãɾźֺ˵ҲټȰһЩʲô
ֺԼҪǱǮ˻Ժ󣬱ȥȡֽ𣬴ųеһӵֽ𣬿ų˽һ
ܿԼ֪ͨϢСӣСӴֺծˡ
ôɷˣֺһҲûк£⵭ĽǮ˵ϡ
ҪѾˣһҪſԽǮ㣡
һᣬһ˴źһˣһֺôһжҪܹȥȴ
ֺѾҪˣ鷳ҪǮǣ
һһҲûУֺһһٵĽǮӹȥ
Ⱥ˿ǮԺ󣬿ٵؼһ㽫һ
ֺոսӵһԺ󣬾ͽرԼĻʮĿ˵
һԺ󲻹ܷʲô飬㶼Ҫǿһ
ֺ˵ĻԺһʮֵĸж̲סĻ
˺ܾԺ󣬺һͻȻӦһЩʲôЩǵĿڡ
ֺһӴӹ˾óôǮѵ˾޴Ӱ죿
һһֱزؾΪԼֺ鷳ȴû뵽Լ
ֺһĵӣļ򣺡ˣ㲻õˣ˾ֻҪ⣬Ӱġ
ֺ˵ĻһĸԵļһЩȴЩ¡
˺ˣǻؼҰɣֺ˵ű㱧źһ˳ӡ
ܿһͻصԼûлļżӣůůġ
ʱֺֻͻȻ
ֺģԥĽͨˣιɾźۣôͻȻ绰ôˣ
ɾźֺԺôһԥȴһ¡
ܲãһºһûбȻ
Ҵˣʲôֱ˵ɣֺ֪ɾź۲ûԼ绰
ɾźԺ󣬲֪ӦӦ˵ֺĻԼҲûа취һӾ
ֺһֱûɾź۵Щȣ׷ʵɾźۣǲǹ˾ˣ
ǣɾź۾üҲûʲôãֱ̹ˡ
˵ɣֺ壬Ӧýһӻܽʲô鶼Ҫ̹ȻԵġ
ܲã˾гһѵ⣬һӲ֪Ӧô죬æĻܹܲһ




354 ȵ
 

ãֺ֪˾Ժ˲ĵüͷϾڹ˾һӪʽûˡ
Ҳûٶ˵һЩʲôֺ㼱ҴҵĹҵ˵绰һԵĺһֺҵ绰ˣԺЩĵĿʡ
˾ǲΪóڶ⣿
ֺû뵽һһֱԼҲһӸ̫صĸЦЦԺ󿪿ڽ͵
ûУΪ⣬˵ǵгص⣬Ҫȥһ£һڼš
˵Ժֺ׼뿪һҪ뿪һЩȣס·
ҲҪһȥȻǾкܴĹϵ
һ仰˵ԺֺҪھܾȴֲ֪ԼӦôģһ˾˺ܳһʱԺֻӲͷƤ
ðɣĵĻǾͺһɣҲﲻʲôæҪҵܡ
ֺúһոջӦúúõϢһ£ûбҪܡ
û£߰ɣźһ̬ǿӲӣ֪ԼѾûء
ðɣ˱һȥˣ˾ɾźۿ˺һԺôһЩȣſֺĶ߿˵
ܲôͻȻ˴Ҳ֪ͨһֺ仰ԺԼҲΣʵϣԼҲ
һĵ˵ǾǱԼһЩʲô
ɾźۣ㲻˵гǱ߳⣬ܹܲҵ˵
˺һĻԺɾźôһЩΪѵĿ˿ֺ˵ɣһҲû顣
õֺԺɾź۲ŻĿ˵ǼеĶˡ
ֺȻڵ绰Ѿ֪ЩȻ鲢Ǻܼ򵥣̲סüͷ
ʲôǼ̵꣬˭ģܴܲһȥ
ɾź۴ֺԸܵһЩһ˵ʹԴ
гһԱȥˣȷʵǵĲƷһģһ
ֺòôɵ飬ֻԼԿƷԺ󣬲ſԷġ
ûһƷֺһ仰һɾź۲֪ôشһվԭغܳһʱ䡣
ܲãҺһԺ󣬻ʵģ±˲ƷɾźۿʱȷʵҪһȴһѵĹǡ
ɾź˵Ժֺһûпɣһࡣ
ðɣȻûǾʹһȥɡ
õֺԺɾź۴Ǽҵ̣ոսžͿԿԼ˾ƷһģһĲƷ
ãøҿһ£ԱֺҪƷϽڵ˳ʼ
ǹ˾Ʒոû죬û뵽һ¾Ϳˡ˵һѵĻֺһҲû
ҰԱֺ˵һֿ˻ԥİ
һֺӵ뿪ԺһЩֺ
ֺһͿˣΪʲôͻȻҪһԵɾźҲһЩֺ
㣡ֺԵˣеһݸ˺һ
һӹԺп˺ܳһʱ䣬ֺԺͻȻһЩʲô
ɾźۣո˶ǮɾźֺԺ󣬸ϽղŵĶ˳
һٰˣǵļ۸֮һɾźû뵽Ȼôˡ
ֺһӾһЩ꣬û뵽Ȼ˵Լ˾ĲƷҼ۸Ҳôĵ͡
ɾźۣûзǵ²Ʒʲôһģ
һģһû̫𣡡ɾźԭΪģµһģһǵԼԺе뷨һʧһɶ
һԵĺһ˵ۣͻȻ˵ˣڵǹ˾ͼֽ͵ˣֻƷûУôͼ۸ĲƷֺӦô죿
һȻùܹ˾飬ǣһ鲻ҪʧһǮ֮ǰ˵Ǻأڿ¾һ
ֺ˺һ仰Ժһ֪ڵԼ
ˣ㲻õˣһģֺԼһӲ֪Ӧô졣
峿ֺ˯ϰԵóֻ˿ţȴû뵽ûзг²ƷѾһˡ
ɫ˲ñף˵ʲô˵Լ˾²Ʒ˽ȵǡƷѾﱸ˺һʱˣû뵽ȴ˽ȵǡ




355 
 

ֺĵ绰ѯ:ô£úõ²Ʒôһˣ㲻᲻֪Ʒ׼˺ܾá
ϰȲҪҲʵûа취ֻǼڲԱ֪֪ģҿ϶ܡֻǼ򵥵˼䡣
ֺ˼ô˵²ƷֻǼڲԱ֪ȴȷˣ֮ǿֺļڹ
սȭͷ˾ͼôܵģû뵽Ȼ˸Ƥӵֽš
ʹ޵ģʲôᣬֻڱֽšûа취ǲôֹ˾񵫲֪
ЩҲʵ̫ˣڹҲû˹ܣڹյĿľ
ȲҪ˵һḺġǱ߷׼һϸϡԽԽáְֺ
ô¹˾ȻȸҪȵԼȥѯʡ֪˶ֺܹ˾
Լڹ¸ҲȷʵѲ˸ϵֱֲܣԼҲֻ˽⹫˾һЩû⡣
ֺһƷܺʹĿģû뵽͹˾֮ǰ׼һģһüͷʶԡ
ǹ˾Ҫͳ²Ʒں棬ֹͣô˾ᱻϳϮţǹ˾ľӪͻһˡ
ֲֺòٸһε绰
Ʒǹ˾Ҫ׼ˣǻҪĻ롣һйƷĹȫֹֺͣһһغ˵
ǡҪ˵ʲôȴֺˡ
ûʲôÿǵģȷʵ˺ܶʱ棬Ҳȫ׷ˣټ˾иʧˣҪ˵ˣϽȥźҽĹɡֺ˵
֪ڵʲôǲô˵ҪԹ˾ȫΪءڹһҺݺݵеµĺ
Ȼ綼Ϊܹ˾ôڿʼֺӹ˾һһ֣˾ǼľӪģܳһʧ
ֺóֻŷֳŭȻⱾǹ˾ģû뵽ȴȡˡ
ϸϸ鿴˹˾ĿнԱûпʲôߡȻܹ˾񣬵֪ġֺ·ϴ˾
˺ȥ˾Թ˾˿ʾܾȡ̫߳ˡֺЩӦ֣ڻǹ˾Ϊء
ϰ壬ôˣƽ㲻ǲܹ˾ôôͻȻ˾ҪѾ׼ˡСؿֺ˵
ǲܣҲ֪ٲӹ˾ǲ嵱ڹˣͷŰɣٽ㡣ֺ˳ǰЩͷ
αϾԼϰ壬Ҳܶ˵ʲôȻ뿪ֺİ칫ҡ
û뵽һΧһȺֵԱ˼Ӻ:ʲôϽȥҪô
ֺڰ칫ôһüͷĸˡʵ̫ˡҲܶ˵ʲôֻܵͷطϡ
һϸоֺſЩҹ˾ȻȵǣǲƷȻ©©˾ѾˣҲ˵ڼϵľԷ
Ȼǲټͳ²Ʒˣǲָ©ֺչüͷ
ȥ˰©ŪһϸϹһҪ죬ȻˡҪΪʲôˣʲôʲôֺűнԭزͷ˵
ֺֻܰ˵ȥţȻϰƽܹ˾񣬵ʱͻȻ֣Ҫ﹫˾ɹѹءҲʧˣóֺΪڹʮ
ֺڿʼӹ˾ȫüϾǷǳ˳ֵġѹĵ׵ŭҲڽš
պֳͨԼԹ˾ӣܽȡñ˵Ρǲüеڹ̫õġ
ֺ˾״ԽԽ㡣
ڰ칫ǰһɫװһ˿ü֮˶е˳̬֮
Ϸһļŵļţȴ治ɫ˿Ҳûȥ˼
ϸ˼ţ棬ĳס򤣬ҵܵشƺѾǶ֣ǲá




356 ҵ˥
 

ԽԼһа취˾ȹΣ
ļ˸ɴཫõһԣֺ̾һ̧ʳָʹĴָѹüģһЩͷۡ
⴫˼ԭĳűƣֺ΢΢̧ͷ벻˭
ҡ
·ǷڵĳʾɻֺĶС
ЩۣſڵķﲻһУ
Ŷ룬¶һǡô΢Ц׵ĸ߸ЬڵذϷƵΪ˿ҡҷˣҲǾεġ
ֻȻֺĶ棬ϣסֺ⸱ģб
ֺʱȴû˼ʲôò۾ȥһߡ
ڳصķΧܸܵõ֪Ϊʲôֺ˾ֵжš
ЩǵؿųĬֺ΢΢š
ǱߵĳĬõֺȴ֮ǰˡ
ʲô¡
ܲ̾˿
ֿΪ
˹ǣа취Ĺ˾
ֺ⻰¶һ˿ɻüббȣһʱ׽͸«ﵽʲôҩɫָܿ糣˵
Ȼ˿ʧܿ죬Ȼز׽ˣԽ
ҽ飬𣬺
дڱصãֺĹ˾˥ˣԸ飬һ԰ֺֻҪ顣
룬ֺһܸжɡ
ڿʲôЦ
ֺе˼һӰÿ԰λ
뵽һľͷ·𱻺ݺݾһ£۵˺ѷΣ۵
ѾסһˣʹڲߣҲһ˶λõġ
Ҳġ
ȵĶУԭڱصõԵʧղĵĻ·ҲһЦ˵Щһľ
ΪʲôΪһ𣡡
Ҳ̲סʧ˳ҲЩŤ
һ׺εºܣһֱռֺġ
ԭΪԷѾˣ**ռȵΪֺߵˡ
˭֪һʸûС
̧ͷ컨壬ǿزѹ˼ȴͻȻЦЦŶֺصôãʹˣҲԸңһֱѵ㿴Ϊʲô
ֺŶʧصȣɫȴһ˿һĸ飬Ȼ֪ľܾܻĳٶ˺ѷΡ
ȴɴȻָɴľܾ
Ǹ
Ƿſɬ͵õͷĬ˰ζûн
ͻȻ˳ţִֺ΢΢ţǰŮ˶㡭
˵һ֣Ⱦ̧ͷȻֹ㶵ؿ
ȴʱݻָƽֺ˵ˣˡ
һ£ͻȻתֺֹס˳ֲȥᣬŴԼӡ
ףǣճɾ
ֺȥıӰԾһĬת˲֮ʣ뵽˺һֺ۵ȴô㡣
һҵһģֺֻֽճȭ˺ܴľƱҪ߽һһŲ֪ԶͻȻҧأȭصϣܴ
ȶŶſϣֹסֺദһĻĻϳԺУͣںһϡ
ͻȻֹסˣһģˣ˺һ
Ҳôĸˣģֱ̫ˣӦõŵ¡
뵽˿űգһʿ
ףѾ̶ֵȣҲסֺķˡ
ֺǳ׵أҲˡ
ˣܡ
ǿһŵЦݣ̧ͷֺͦ߳Ĺ˾
ȣˣҲҪƯ
ûֺŻиõģʺ˳֡
Ǹ˻б
ȿǺֵģһֺ
˳ӿţ΢ķգȴͷꡣ
С㣬ô°
ڼʻϵļƳ̳˾͸Ӿźȣܹ£һĪչŴ⣬۾֪ʮֵĲɡ




357 
 

˾ȵ˼˻һۻɤ
΢΢̧̧ۣǰλϵ˾ͨͨӾܹ˾һСӡ
Ǹ˧ĴүһȻǺܰһװȥˬ˺ĸо
Ṵ˹˾ܾˡ
˾⻰㶣һֻ뿪˷̣ʳָʹĴָĦ°ͣźӾеȣСﲻ̫ѹһûԵ֣õ˻ںء
𣬻Ե޷ݰɡ
Ųɵ̾˿ûд
ʱҲϲһĹ˼ҲϲңǺҾҵӣҲףԵˡ
˾û˵ԹԵ˵Լʱ£ᵽǸʱƮԶˣȻǼ˵ʱһЩ£˵ӣеЦͺԡ
˵ЩҪοԼ֪˵ҲԣҪġ
Ӻܿ͵Ŀĵأ˾ɲȵֺͣſڡ
ллʦ
ȶ˾л㿪˳³
ţӶڸкǸϤס
䣬ŲԼķ䡣
˹ӣԼ·һȫŽʣҪĶаҹ˾һЩȽϹصĶ
һ䣬ִֻȻЩû߼ϡ
С㣬ôҪȥﰡ
Ӷ˼æȣȴЩɻطʣӶ˲ȣЩ˵ʲô
Щ㱣ظӶЩƮ졣
Ҫˡ
ӶͻȻͣס˶תͷȣ´ŷȽЩԾܿȶֺ꣬ȴͻȻҪߡ
ʱΪֺôҲһΪ
ӶȻǸͨ͸ˣ̾˿˵ƽʱ㲻ϲദ˸飬ʱҲĪЩ᲻á
ԺҪúչԼҪǻĻҿ϶һӭӡ
ǰ߶߶˵Žչ˺ԼȴǰôҲûҪԼΪһӶ˵Ļӯ
Ӷ˵ϴŲᣬϵ⣬Ѿгˡ
ˡ
˳֪һ߱㲻ٻصֺķסˡ
߰·עⰲȫ
ӶһֱĿϳָϹϵЦݡ
ȱᣬҲ֡
ȥɣ

ڷǰͣ£Ӷ˳ӭ¥޾ɵ¥һص̱˴ϡ
аҹ˾ĶܿҲˣӶ˽Ϊ䡣
վ̨ϣ԰ռֲҪΪ޼һ֦Ҷȴǵ֦Ҷ޼ˣ
ͬģҪʱҲʪ
ٶȻصݣʴڴϣ컨룬˼⡣
ͻȻ£ƽŵľֺʱȴЩ֪ʲôˡ
̾ԼԭȤġ

ֺһڰ칫ڣ˼ŶԲߣϼѿǰѣһ˳ȹġ
˼ߣ뵽սԻ͵Ĺ˾ȴΪε˥ܵļ
ĲڣֻһжûеȵԲߵ
ֺóǮֲ˺ҵǷ֪û㹻ʽ𣬹˾
ۿžȻ˿ӡ
һЩ˺ùֶɱϣǰֳһ
֪úòãÿǲǿģǲżҲ
ϵļٷţҵ©⣬ȵһ
ֺ֪Լ̳⼸꣬צ֪ԼȫԸ㶨ΣҪһõѸٽ
ǰƸӣ󵽵˭Լֺûͷߣߵÿһܳأ칫ҵô̶̵ľ룬·˼ôá
ִֺ΢棬Ժһ˼
ݺ˴Ľֵ治ϴС
˼׷ɣпǧ
뵽մϼʱΣʱ˾ո𲽣Ҳ࣬ûô
һѹ˾󣬳Ϊ֪ҵҲʼƵڸͷϡ
ֺڹ˾ĻԻͺ˥ܶˣ´ͷ
ֻǣںܵĺһֻҵһ
Ҫ¹˾ȥѰҺһֻҪһڣôһжá




358 ټһ
 

ȴʱ˵
ղѾһȣʱôһӦǹ˾飬ǹ˾Ѿ⸱ӣδļҲֻǰѡ
벻ʲô¡
ű򿪣ϵɽڵ£
ɽ˵ͷɫȴЩӣԥһŵܲã˹ӦƸ
ɽϵĹɫΪʲô
ǰڹ˾ƲϢý屨ˣô˹ӦƸأδЩϳ
ԭѾ˾
ڴ˻ص˰칫ǰ£òſڵɡ
ȻӦƸǣǼɡ
ɽֺ˵ͷ
ȥ
ɽسȥˣóյֺ˼˻ʲôӡ
ʳָָؽû棬ټİ칫ڷƶн졣
ܲá
칫ٶȱ죬һŮŵЩ졣
ü
һʱеŮˣϸڶֳƷζ
ŮȴһֱͷڿⲻԼ
ֺоǸûòˣŮ˵κȷʱԼʮϤҪŮ˵ĳࡣ
ͷϴһѼññѹúܵͣ۾סˣֵͷ
ΪʲôҪñأ
һˮ׼ƫƫñرͻأ
üëšһ̲סһԷȴѾϡ
˫޳Ҳ졣
ҵļ
ŮջϵļϣᷭҪԷʲôˡ
һļĺܲԽԽԾһжԾⲻǡ
͵̧ͷסǸɵͷԱߵȴŵŮˣ𰸷·Ҫ֮
ͷżֵһȻдţһ

ķ·ʲôˣ֮ʧõϲ֮飬ڵЩɣһ
ԭҪ¹˾ȥѰҺһ˭֪ԷȻԼˣ
һ仰ñӵµǲƵعٿ̧ͷֺЩ𾪵˫
߹ȥ߰ظİ칫ϣͷñӱⶪһԣ۾ֺŹģ·ʤߵ̬һˡ
ֺ̲סһ£Žߵӣǰ˼ҹŮˣŮˣһ
ҲƲסŮ˴Ц޵С죬䣬΢΢ӣ˹ȥȵĺϡ
һ׶ԷҪʲôۼֿĵס
΢Ĵģ˫жǶԷһ¶ۣյؽͷ˻
ôˣ
һȥء
Ȼǻȹ˾ƣҲڣﶼʲôˣ
ֺźһʮָжʵʲôֻҪܹߣǱܹ
ֺ߽СŮˣÿ˸ǣҲŵЦ⡣
ʾһмĵϡ
ܺãǺһ
ֺ˵ͷϺһĸ˼Ȼ˵Ĺϵ⣬ǹ˾飬ԻǰͰĸߡ
֪Ҳڱ˵ΪߺŽģʲôʣ
һ֮õģֺ˺Ž˹˾Ż᲻ȥ
ǣһҲ¼㡣
һߺһոսԼҽܣֺдԵʹ˶䡣
Ϊʲôҵרҵѧǹ˾ӦƸ׼ģ
⻰һ˲ըëԵǴɫۺðɣֺ׾ǲԼ˾ϰ࣡
ǣĸ涼㣬ҽϸҾ
ֺȻ֪ڵĺһѾȣڹ˾ֹۣϾҪٿ״ʱ䣬涼æĽͷöֺĲٰѺһˡ
˾ô飬Ҳǰﲻʲôæʵʵڼ̹ӣԺôݶһݳˡ
ң˾Ѿͷ۵ˣһǳʲô飬û˼ȥˡ
㿴𣿡
ֺû˵꣬ʱһóһɫıֺǰ˫ֱۣüۼ価Ϣ
ǣѧȼ֤顭
ֺ֣Щ̧ͷǰСŮˡ
˻˼ңӶ˿һ̲סϲӭ




359 ĳ
 

ˣ
һЦŵͷҲʮС
ּҵ˺ܿҲֺŴҪ˵ЩʲôϴŸӵֹ
ֺز׽һ㣬һܺãʲô£
Ӷ˼ˣſڵСˡ
С㡭ȡ
ֺ㶣ڰ칫ڵ龰ָǰ緢칫˵Ҫ飬ܾ˺ѷε뿪ˡ
̲ס̾˿׾һ⣬סͬһһ᲻֪ԡ
Ҳãӵµһ˼ϡ
ôˣ
һ鶼̫ԣô뿪ء
ȾԲΪֺĹ˾Ʋ˶뿪һǷʲô¡
˵ܹҽ˾¡
ΪʲôᡭͻȻء
ֺֹģͻȻˣȵļȷʵֺܹȻǱܾˡ
еͬȣϾͬΪŮˣֺĸ鵹Ķܹһֱ벻ġ
ǰֺ֣һЩģȥ֮ҲһܹúܺõģϣܹǸԵˡ
ֺ˺һص˵ͷҲţһúõġ
űˣ˾飬ҪȫȫͶȥƲĹ˾صϲС
һֺı䣬ƺúаȫУ˼Ʈصǰ
Դӳ˳˶ɿģúȫͶˡ
˵ţһĨϵ飬㵱ûзңһֱĵչңΪҽһģҲǷ֮ʲôûˣҾͰ¶ģһҪŬⲻõ˾ѧȼ֤顣
źһĲպͱӰֺֻؿЩơ
δ˵Щ顣
ΪЩǹȥ˰ܹҪǰһ˰֣ʧѹȣȡ֮ģֲᱻ׺ļǿš
֪ڹ˾ΣѾǰǸˣҲģȥһȥȹѹصģôʱˣҵġ
һĻֺĵĵطһ£һ㣬Ҫɱһ˵Լжôۣжô
սʤ˸ԡ
ΪߺûжõģεΣͬգܼ֡
Լһ˵ߣô˾µջӵĽš
Ϊ˹˾ŶӣԿ
ллһ˾һ취ģ㲻òͽ
˻һĸӲ
һһֺǰֻ֪ҪĻǿ;ûʲôɵ鰡ԼҲ㣬ĵİԼҺǿǷҮʲôѹضҪһ𴳵ġ
˵ˣҾܾεԣذɡ
ֺ˺һĸ˵ǲݺӵļᶨ
ģһٶһӣֺпܻ֮ǰͷı뷨
ΪʲôôԽأΪʲôôһأ
ʱһĻúۣΪֺûиȫУǰȫ̫ˣڣʲô飬ֺӲԼ˵ֻһĬĬܣԽһԽǾûаȫС
һץץԴǾһս
ֺҳ֮˫û֪ҺγûĻһɼˣΪ֪ҵֺҲϣܹϣ
㿴ôҽ˵ûˣעһվˣ漣ˣһҽҰκˣһֱҹңҴӺڰ˳õ˾ѧȼ֤飬ΪʲôͲ漣أ
һ˵ԽԽ˫ֳֺİ칫ǰΪ⣬ࡣ
Ʒ˿ӺһļֺҪȥ־ôʱղ̫ʺϡ
ǣһÿ˵һ䣬ֺüͷԽԽݺݵļˡΡ
Ҳ漣ֻ漣̫ˣ˾鲻ҪܣֻҪ̫̫ԹԻؼңҾͿˡ
Ҳֺ㿴֤飬ҾԼŬ֤飡˾ڳΣƾԼרҵһȹѹأһǲߵģһҪ
Ҫ飬һȻֻˣ˿Щ˼ǣԺһ˵ŬĽǸҽȻܶ࣬ԼŬҪ




360 ϰһ
 

û֪ÿ𴲱ǿʱĸܣҲû֪ÿʮһ˯ʱﻹĬѧ鼮ϵ֪ʶ㡣
һഺٵŮ˵ѧޱȿһѧƣûмԸѧѧǺһһŬѧϰΪ˽ֺʱܹȻݵ
ѧ·һĳ嶯
ձҽʱϷûУòҽҽ׬Ǯȫ򾭼ѧ鼮һ˶͵͵Ŀ,Ҳˡ
ڴѧһ˺ܺõľѧڣǸŮʦʦǳãԼ鼮һģһҲÿζʱ黹һȥ˾ͳΪ꽻һѧϰۡ̽
ò˵ѧ֮ͳˣѸѧϰ˾ѧĻ֪ʶ֮󣬾͸Ůһѵ㡢ص㣬ոһգ긴һꡣڣ첻ˡһ֮󣬲μ˾ѧרҵȼԣһõ˵ȼ֤顣
ڱ˵ѧλǺˮֵģҲ˵ȼ֤ģЩۣһǣ֪ԼʲôԣҲмڷֻҪԼŸӰŬܾˡ
ΪŬԲ˽ó֤ʱǷݴݺ͵
óǷ֪ѧľѧרҵȼ֤飬Щȣüëһαģһʱ˵ĳ嶯һˣôᡣ
˵ڷܺѧƴģ˭αģ
⻰۾¶һ˿ײϲȻ󵭶Ŀڣð֤֤ġ
һʵô֤Ѳһ֤Ҳʵ
⻰۾һ˿ƵóѵЦݡһһЦݣĶ˼¡Ǻðɣ㡣
㿼ɣһ˿η壬˵
ִѧĵ˭һۣʵ
֣һܿĻش˳
оѧ֮֮Ƶλѧң ١
Ѻһ˵ĥСʱһŴ˵㵽ҪһۣȻ˵һС㣬ϻӭ˾
⻰һӶʱЩˡʲôұ¼ȡˣ
ͷȻ󵭵˵ǵģ㱻¼ȡˣôǹ˾̫Сݲ𣿡
һæ˵һʱϣԳУҪʧˡ
źһԶȥıӰ¶һ˿΢ЦŮˣ˼ء
ϣһĲҽлյ
ߵˣҪٵˣ
ţǿһͷɢŮ˴ߺХһ·ϻšããϰҪٵ
˾ڽ겻߿ȥʱֱĬмӾͰ˵ˣôءһԵĹܼҼܲ˵ķ꣬Ҳǰѯʡ
˵ոĳ˻ûűҪȱڱдĳ˵ʱͻȻſˣ߳һװĺһ΢Ц˵ûгٵɡָһǽϵĹӣԼһͷһ801ٵһӣʱɱĿ϶ѾԼ˳ٵˡ
Σֻܱšٵĵһι
ĹҪǸݹ˾ϰӪҵڵĹƱƣֱ˾°Ӫҵ룬ԼƶϹ˾Ʊǵ
ϣͬһһԼʮŮŮ˼ְֵ֣ؽһһ֮ǰڴѧƵĹǵӦ֡ͲǺܶ࣬¸һȫˡ
һϺܿææµµйȥˡ磬칫ȥԷܾˣǻصԼС
磬Լİ칫п˾⼸ҵԽüͷԽ˾귢չѸ٣ɲ֪Ϊҵǲȥ
ʱšеĲϣֻܹ˽ʲô£ʵ
ܲãҪǸŮûϰࡣ
ʲôûϰࣿô£üͷһ鷳»ࡣ
ˣȥæɡһһ绰ɺһֻڹػ״̬ߵǰŴĳˮŮˣҪʲô
Ŵľɫţʶ޷ֱѯֻܾȴҹɫŨ񣬷ֲʲôʲôÿ˶˼
֪ҪʲôҲʲôҪúñܵ˺




361 
 

˾˶۷׷׺һܵĹϵͬһ㣬˵ǹϵ൱΢
ڴ۷׷׵ʱ򣬲֪˭䲻Ŀ˵һ䡣
ǲҪټˣ˵Ĺϵ´ÿһﶼǺġ
仰ոһ˵˵һС˲٣ôˣ۸ͣ
ʱ򣬹˾ܾͻȻˣۣ˾軰ᡣ
Ҷһ£ҪЩûõ飬ȥúõĹɣ
仰ԺҲûٸҼ˵һЩʲôǣôһվ˳
ܾһЩ⣬Ϊʲôһһ﹤Ϳǰߣһǰ˵һǲ̫Ŀˣ
ܾԼֵµԱ˵һӲ֪ӦôʱһӳĬˡ
Աߵ˿ռԺҲ̲סʼ
ǣΪʲôһͿԳûаǵܷ˾Ĺƶȷ
Ŵһһķܾʵû취ֻó̾һ
ˣ֪ﶼòȰ黹˽ۣҪܵĶ
ܾ˵Ժ󡣱ת뿪ˣܾ뿪Ժ˵ûͣ˼
ܿ죬ڶԺһֲõ۴ֺĶմֺ֪ϢԺʮֵĲˬ飬ȴҲ֪ǲġ
ιҵİ칫ң㣡ӵֺĵ绰Ժ󣬼Ҵҵ˰칫
ֺԺֱӿżɽʵ֪칫˾ҲһֱŹںһ飬ǲģ
ܵԺЩסˣһκܳʱ侭˼Ժſ˵
˵ԺһҪ
ֺ仰Ժĵ˵ԼԴֺͬԺСĿ˵˳
칫˾зĴźһ뿪˾ûл㱨ϼ飬鵽ǲģҲǺֻ˶˵
ֺ˵̲סüͷ˺ܾԺ󣬲ſ˵һ仰
Ҿúһӵˣô޹п϶ʲôԵɡ
鿴ֺӣҲü˵һЩʲôֻת뿪ȥæԼĹˡ
뿪Ժֺһڰ칫˼˺ܳһʱԺﻹǾò̤ʵϾºͺһйأ򻻳ͨˣ˾ô۷׷ס
һ뵽ЩԺֺԼҪȥһ²ſԣ㽫칫ʰһԺ󣬾뿪ˡ
һ·ֺԶԶĶԿ๤Ա֪˽һЩʲôǵԼԺͷ׷׵ɢˡ
ֺȻҪȥһЩʲôȴҲ뵽Լݣˡ
˺ܳһʱԺֺ˺һİ칫յİ칫ϱʲôҲûУͿԿ뿪ˡ
ңڲŸոյ°ʱ䣬Щ˻û뿪ֺȫܲů
һһյİ칫̲סüͷȴҲ֪Ӧô졣
һ뵽ЩԺԼһ΢΢ס˺ܳһʱ䡣
Ͼֺ벻Ϊʲôһô뿪﹤ûʲôǰ뿪ɡ
ԼԽԽôһ㲻ףԼһ첢ûʲôĵ飬Ϊʲô뿪ʱ򻹲ԸԼ
ֺһ˵ʹԼԴ˼ԼΪȷʵûʲôطúһоġ
ֺϸ;úһ뿪ôһĪԼһЩ벻ס
һ뿪˺һİ칫Ժһڹ˾ȥҼˣ֪ԼʲôطĲá
ۿԼ뿪˹˾ֺͻȻһһҪΪһЩʲô
оǺһʲôʱ뿪ģֺЩ飬Ǹĺ档
ʱֺһӸıԼķ򣬳żҵķƶȥ
ֺ˼ҵʱ򣬼ĹԱôһЩȣϾֺ϶ҡ
Ȼôһ㼤ǣȴǺܿ侲
ܣôͻȻˣʲôҪƵǿֱӸ㷢ȥ
ֺ仰Ժ󣬰˰֣Ŀ˵һ䣺ˣҪԼԵĿһ
ֺĻԺ󣬿ٵƵһԣмճһ·
ֺҲûм˵һЩʲôıڲԶصϣһڵϿ˺ܳһʱ䡣




362 ĳ
 

ֺûҵԼҪҵĶһԵıԺʵǿȥˣվ˳
ܣҪʲôĻҿ԰һ¡ֺΪԼ˺ܳһʱ䶼ûУһЩ仰Ժ붼û뽫ǰλÿ˳
ԸԼ֣˳˹ȴͻȻܲûиԼҪһЩʲô
ܣɲԸ㵽ҪҵһЩʲô ֺ仰Ժ΢΢סһ£˵һ䡣
ҵһ칫ͷȻͿÿˡ
仰Ժһֱﲻͣ߶źһ֣»æһѵ顣
˺ܾԺ󣬱ϲ˹
ܣѾҵҪĶ
ֺ˱仰Ժ󣬿ٵ˵ԵǰÿλԺԼһϸϸĿ˿ĻϵǸСˡ
ƵϺһ˰칫Ժһһֱר־ĹǵԺͻȻһ绰֪˵һЩʲôһ뿪ˡ
ֺôһԼһ˽Ƶ****˺öԺ󣬲վ
Ӹղŵ飬ֺֺһ뿪ģһһЩô뿪ȥʲôˡ
ԱߵıԸֺܵԼһֱĬĬվһԣԼͲסӡ
վԺ󣬱һһܣǲҪ뿪ˣ
ţֺĻشһԺԼתͷ뿪ˡ
뿪Ժֺһʮֵĺһʱ뿪һЩʲô顣
㲦˺һĵ绰ǣ绰˺ܳһʱԺû˽
һȻûнͨ绰ֺ̲סüͷһ˸ָ
һ뵽ֿµԺֺо͸Ӳһڰ칫ô档
˺ܳһʱԺֺվǴͨ˵绰ι飬һҪȥһ£
ո°ص飬ͽӵܵĵ绰ôһЩȣ΢΢סһ£ȴȶ
ܣͻȻҴ绰ǲʲô飿ôϣܿ˵û飬ǣֺ˵ĻһӽĲ²ƻˡ
ڿһȥһºһһγô뿪˾ģ
⡭仰Ժһסһ£ȴǺܿȶ
Ͼȥ
죡ֺԼʲôҪ飬ҲºһʲôΣա
ãֺԺ󣬲һ˰칫
ͻȻ˸ղű˵飬˾ſڵļҪ˹һ鿴
ûж೤һʱԺֺͻȻ˺һڹ˾ſڵʱһɫĺˡ
ĳԺֺ̲סüͷеŭһͬҲҲǺܼ򵥡
ڿĳԺ˶ ԼҪˣԼᵽҪҪܵʱ
ֺѾ绰ˡ
飬ûп˾ſںһˡ
ˣһĳ뿪ˡ˵Ժʼ
һ뵽һԼһ뿪ֺͻŽˣһЩʲôԼõ顣
֪ᵽԺֺ˶ôһ㲻ģеŭһ޴й
Ȼ֪飬ΪʲôϽһʲôأ
û뵽ԼȻĪıѵһ٣ôһ㲻ȴǺܿƽ
ܣҲֻǸոշֵģԣû뵽ͻȻҴ绰ˣǲǻʲôҪȥ
ֺ˵һ취һǸ
ǣӦԺԼ㼱Ҵҵȥˡ
ӦԺ󣬱ԼļˣʼԼıʼǱλãϣԿٵѰҵӡ
鲢ǵһַʮֵܿͷڳӵӰ
ǣԼһ˺ܳһʱ䶼ûнǰ⡣
һڵ׼¶λһ£һԼղŵǲʱȴԶһϤĳ
ԼĿԺȴǸԼҪҵǸӣԼһӿ˲١
ٵĴֺĵ绰һֱڰ칫ŵֺ绰Ժ󣬼Ľͨˡ
ι飬ûҵӣ
ܣѾҵǸӣҸ㽫λ÷ȥطԼûһʱ˵




363 
 

㣡ֺû뵽飬Ȼôͷˣ˶ôһ㼤
ֺԺٵĽ绰ҵԥĽλ÷˹ȥ
ֺλԺ̲סԼ۾˺ܳһʱ䡣
ϸڵλλãֺºһ﷢һЩʲô顣
ԼԼλѰ˺ܾöûзɫĳӣովǿѾ뿪λõʱ
ͻȻ˽ﱻӰΧɫĳӸĿ
ԼԺϤĳƳԼǰֺȷԼûطͣһҾưɵſڡ
ֺһھưſǻ˺ܳһʱԺ󣬲֪ԼӦ˵һЩʲô
ֺһһưɵˣһΪʲôͻȻһ֪˭ưɣֺɻԽԽ
һԼԺ󣬱Ľȥˡ
ոսȥưҵĸеƹⲻͣ˸ֺôһ㲻Ӧ
ƺ̵ؾưһѵˣֺôһסˣǣԼǺܿİ
һھưһʱԺûзѰңһھưһ
ֺոôİ˽ֺΧסˡ
ʱ˿̣һŨױĨŮŤƨɳֺԵļˡ
λӸ磬һ϶Ǻģ費Ҫѽ
ֺȫԵǰˣһ˻ĺžƱľˮ
ŮӿֺȫԼȤûз˼ߴȥ
ոҪִһֺ壬ǣֺһӶ㿪ˡ
˺ܳһʱԺŮȴǲԸγԺֺʵ޿̡
鷳ÿֺһӽˡ
ֺʶԼ߿յģûһ˿ѯһºһٵʱ򣬲žԼǸʱ̫ͻˡ
ֺͷܳһʱ䶼ûзֺһӰʱһѧװŮ˽ЩɬҪһƣȴûҵʵλá
С鲻ߣλÿյģֺǸɬС￪˵һ䡣
ǸС仰Ժ΢΢ס˺ܳһʱԺ󣬲Щ˼Ķ档
Ǹǲ˼ʵҲλˣԲ
ֺСӽͣЦЦ˵һ䡣
û£Ϳˣֺ˿һѧװһɬ
ллС￴ֺͬԺ󣬲Żֺߡ
ҿ㻹һûбҵѧΪʲô뵽ưɣֺȿ˵ˡ
СԺһֱĬһ仰˵
ֺͻȻȺп˺һӰ˿С
ǸһЩ飬Ҫһˣ
û£ֺ˵ԺԼԥ뿪ˡ
һͳĵĵʱͻȻֺһ˳
ֺ˺һǸ˵ЦģеŭһԥĿ˵
һܸܲһȾƵ˭
ֺԺ󣬺һŤԼӣֺЩӡ
ֺôͻȻһֺԺ˶ôһЩ£ȴҲǺΪʲô֪Լ
˺һӣԼֺôһ㲻ˣǺǵЦһ˵
һôϣʱһİȾƣҪһЩʲô
һһοֺӣϽڽ͵Ҳûʲôֵ飬ֻҵǰѣͻȻϵҪɣô
һ˵ֺм䡣
ãҽֺǺһɷ򣬶ˣǿѾ
ԱߵǸֺ˵ûоɹŵЦݡ
ãҽǺһǰΣֻǺܳһʱûˣҪһԼЩͻĻ¡
˵ʱЩŰŶһһһů
˲ҪˣȻѾʶˣͲʲôˣ˲Ҫܡ
ֺ仰Ժôһúһʱһֱƫ̻İӣ̲סĳԴ
һܸܲ˵һ£˵ʲôϵ




364 ì
 

һֺܵŭηηģһӲ֪˵һЩʲôĿһֱֺʲôϵľٶ
ֺһ⸱ȴֵõȻ˶ϵľһ
Ҫ֪ΪʲôҪҵ
ֺ׵ӣȻĻϲǶ̲סƵóڡ
ֺ㲻Ҫ̫ˣҺͺһûʲôֵ飬ӵķӦҲΪ̫˰ɣ
û뵽ֺȻӣòҲûС
ֺԼǰİټ˵һЩʲôҲûõģͽԼû
侲˺ܳһʱԺ˿һԳĬĺһվǰͲס˵һ䡣
һȻйϵɲԸҽһ£㵽׺ʲôĹϵ
ֺ仰һúһĬ˺ܳһʱ䣬һԼ˼˺ܳһʱԺŻؿڻӦ
ľֻͨѵĹϵȻǰҵĳѣڶһоûˣ˵ѾˣӦҲŶԡ
һΪʲôԼɷȻȫԼ
ֺһᶨԺе뷨ôһ㶯ҡˣһ뵽ڹ˾ǰ뿪˹˾˾˶۷׷ס
һȻûиоˣôΪʲôϰʱ͵͵뿪˹˾Ҳûи˵һ䣬֪֪һŮֵܵطǺΣյģʺֲ׵ˡ
ҡһһӱĻŵˣ˺ܳһʱԺ󣬲ŷӦ˹
ֻǾûбҪҵ˽飡һôСһ飬ȫûбҪ鷳ֺ
˽˵飬˽˵ȴռϰʱ䣬ϰʱ㲻úõڹ˾﹤ܵİӹ졭
ֺ˵˵ţԽԽһӱñ
ȻưﶼǸĳֺ֣һֵˣΧЩѸٽΧʼǵЦ
ӶԺһָָģֺڴ֮ͥ·϶ǺһԼ⡣
һÿһ˵ĻԺ˶ôһЩţǵҲһѷĵݺݵشʹźһġ
ֺȫûע⵽һ쳣ﲻͣźһһ̲סĽԴ
һԵӣôһۣԼ˺ܳһʱԺ󣬻뵽Լֺܼȥ
ֺ㲻˵̫ڹô˵һҲһŮӣ㵱ô˵Ҳûпǹĸܡ
ĻԺֺһͣ˿֪ʲôʱѾЩĺһ
һӣֺҲôһЩʹͻȻԼղ̫ˣô˿ԼǵǸʧԼӣûټ˵Щʲôֻͣ͡
Χ˿ֺټ˵ȥԺ󣬱ûʲôԼȥˣ׷׵Ķ뿪ġ
뿪Ժ֮ջǺΣúһԺ϶ĲãȻһӡ
ֺԼǰԺһ̬ȣοƽԺһﻹá
ֺΪһһɷôɷôԼ˵ôû
һ仰һֺĬˣֺĬ˺ܾԺҪ˵һЩʲô
ǣʱѾһԼߣѯʵһҾֺ㣬һҸ𣿡
ʳԺ󣬺һ˶Ĭˣһ仰Ҳûļش
ֺȴһӽ˷ֿˣ㲻ӦһЩִôô˵һҲҵӣӦú˱־롣
ֺ˵ʱǺйȴ̲ס˵һ䡣
ֺ֪ɷˣǣղûоӵ̬⣬С
һ仰ȴһӽֺסˣֺһӲ֪Ӧôش
ֺԼ˺ܳһʱԺڻ˵һ仰
ҸղǸӣΪΪһ˴ӹ˾ûиҡ
ֺǺһһ͵͵ĻԼҲӡ
ֺ˵ȴֻǾΪԼΪҽڰˡ
ֺһɷѾʱˣ㻹ֻΪԼҽڡ
һ仰һײһԵֺ飬Լûӣ˸ӱףϵıһҲȻһ




365 
 

㲻£ֺסԼȭͷĿֱϱ
һԵĺһԺ󣬼ҴҵĿ˵һ䡣
ֺ˲ҪΪìˡ
˺һ˵˿侲˵һ䣬ҲֺҺֺӦúúõ˵һ¡
ֺԭ׼˵һЩʲôǣ˵ԺԼҲԸʹʾʱǲڷ
һܷʲô˵һֺ˵һӱסˣ΢΢ס
Աߵɳϣٶ˵κλ
һʱԺͻȻһӶվֺһӽƵ˵ϡ
һԵĺһоղԣϽ˲Ҫˣ
ǣ˺ԺһĻδ ˺ܳһʱ䡣
ֺǲǺ´򲻹ңһ뵽ղֺԼ˵˵Ժеŭһ
Ķ£ֺݺݵϴһȭ
ΪԼֶԭԣֺҲǸĺãȻȭͷûúܴǣǽϡ
û뵽ֺĻԼ֣Եȭͷϵʱܳһʱ䶼ûзӦ
ӦԺ󣬼ֱŭڣ˿ֺһ˹ȥ
鼱֮£ûüֺ㱻Էһ˵˵ϣݺݵش˺öȭԺ󣬲ϴһ
ɾˣþԼȫҪһӽڵϡ
ǣվֺһӾͷӦ˹ȭͷޱĿ˿
Ҹ㣬ԺһԶһЩ
仰ԺЦЦ룡˵ԺֺһҲû˼һӽڿһٰʮȣȻݺݵˤ˵
崫ʹ̲סһһֱ˵ϻĺһԼʵǿȥˡ
ֺ׼ѵʱ򣬺һҴҵ˹ȥס˵ĸ첲
ôûرأܹܲվ
˺һԼĻͻȻԼôصҲֵõģЩ⡣
ЦĿ˿һԺ󣬻Ŀڣû£㲻õġ˵ҪǿվʧˣһۼֿؾҪȥ
һԵֺӾ۵ףֱӳ˹ϾҪһ
ǲǾҶĽѵֺ˵ţȭͷѾ
һѸٽԼ󣬿
ֺ㲻ҪˣѾ˵úˣһû뵽ֺ仰Ժ˿ûֵͣ˼
ܡֺı䣬úһԺһʱ᲻Ҽ˵һЩʲô
ǣ侲Ժ󣬺һӲͷƤ˵һ䣬ֺҪ˺ĻȶҶְɣ
ֺ仰ԺһӱףŭĿźһʵ
һΪʲôӸղһʼһֱάˣ
ֺԺ󣬺һЦЦȻһˣΪʲôҪƽϣѾ˺ˡ
ֺ˺һ仰ԺʮֲԼһҪһ¡
һ㵽ǲҵӣӸղһʼһֱˣûпǹҡ
һ仰Ժ󣬲ΪʲôֺһӷôĻ
ֺ˵һԼõĵطһҲֻһֱĬţֱͣһʱԺ󣬺һϽ˵һ䡣
ֺʲô黹Ҫ˵ĻǾ͸գҪȥҽԺˡ
һ˵Ժ˿ֺӦĻᣬŻ۵ĴӾư˳
ֺո׼˵һЩʲôʱ򣬲ŷ뿪ˣ˵ıӰ
һ㽫һİӴӾư߳ȥûпǹң
Ϊư̫ڴˣһȫȫûֺ˵ÿһ仰
˳Ժ󣬺һһˣôһ
˿ϲأһȥҽԺɣֺҲǹģҲҪ̫
һ˵ԺԵһֱʹԼԴһ仰Ҳûп˵һЩʲô
һΪ̫̫ˣһֱûп˵
һ·϶û˵һ仰ںһ£ҽ˿ڴˡ
˵Լһ˻ȥҪȥ




366 ѵĵ绰
 

Ҫȥɣ˺һĽ飬ʹԴԼһ˲ٵ鷳
ˣԼȥͿˣԥľܾԺԼһ˻뿪ˡ
һ̬ôļᶨҲ˼ڼ˵һЩʲô
еľưֺһ˺ܳʱƾԺͻȻư
Լǿ뵽ղźһһֱ龰һʹ
ͻȻһӽӴˣֺưڵĴھΪԼ
Խ룬ֺ̲סڳеĶٵˣư˶ֺ֪ݣһֱվһ仰Ҳ˵
ֺȴȫȻ˵Ŀ⣬һҳҵĸĿġ
ûжԺԭֵľưɣһе˱ˡ
ԼѾٵĲľưɣֺԼ֣ʱưɵϰŴӽˡ
СԣֻʧưϰҲģֺ֪Ƿ⳥ԼҪһζˡ
鲻ãǸ⳥ֺ˵ţ֧Ʊϰǰ
ϰ忴ֺԼĲԺҲü˵һЩʲôֻùԹԵĵ˵ԼԴȥˡ
ϰȥԺֺǺһϵĵط˸ϰҾưǹŴˡ
ϰ岻֪ΪʲôҲֻйԹķݣ˷Ը֮ĴӦˡ
Ժÿһκһֺİ칫ǰ°ࡣ
ֺҲӶǶϸ񣬺һ֪ΪԼŻˡ
ÿһܾԼĻԺ󣬶ôһ㲻ģҪڽһЩʲô
ǣֺ͵ĻᣬҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ˣֺҪҪÿһ˶ҪӰ࣬ʲôɶ뿪
һԵĺһ֪˾ͻȻһѵҪȫΪӦԼҲЩֺ巢
һȻЩܣȴҲı䣬ֻܹÿ춼ԹԵڹ˾Ӱ࣬ȴЩ˵һܹܲչ˺Լ
һڹʱĲɣһգֺǰԼ˾Աȴ˺һûڹһڷ
ֺһڷȷڵֺ̲ס˵һ䡣
һڸǹʱ䣬һ﷢ʲô
ֺһӽһ˼˻һ˿Եֺһ¡
ֻ˼ҵĹӦôûзźһҵĺܺãֺһЩġ
ܹܲ㵽뵽һЩʲô
ֺôͱ˵ӣһôһЩֱͱ֮Ĵֽ
ֺˣԭӦȥһȴһֱҵʱ俨ģ֪ԱӰġ
һֱӽԼ뷨˵˳ԺֺûлҷֻЦһЦ
ҾǹģҲǶǰ뿪˾ĳͷ뱣
ֱֺӳԺ󣬾ȥ˵ĹһԼҪ˵ĻˣһӲ֪Ӧô졣
󣬺һһЩûϵԼô
ԼɵʱͻȻԼôһЩʱ䣬Լˮ˲ˮ䡣
ˮûһˣһóԼĵ绰ĵ绰롣
ʱ˿ָ̣һЩֻԺ󣬳˹ûļ˭
ιͻȻ绰ǲʲô飿ĻϢ˸о˺
ǺһһֱģֻȽæûʱ䣬Ŵһ绰һ¡
ǺһԺһӾӣ˵û£һҪûʱ䲻Ѿ˺ܶ࣬İɣֻǣ㲻ֵĻ뿪ɣ
ͦõģԼúõ˰ɣһѾûһ˿һĸˡ
ţúõչԼû˵꣬ͻȻ˱ˮҲһӽ˱㡣
һϰʱ㲻úù˭绰
ֺһúһסˣû뵽ƽˮֺһξȻˣ΢΢סˡ
ѸҴ绰Ҿˮһ£˳Լһˮ
һ˵ţôһţֺ˺һŵıԺ󣬾;鲢Ǻܼ򵥡
ֺĿһһȫ֪Ҫʲôˡ




367 
 

֪һѾǽϣȫû·ˣ绰ǱߵһֱһһЩʲôҴҵĿѯʡ
һǱǲǷһЩʲôһֱֻĺһȫû
ֺźһӣֺһһͨѣںһûзӦʱ򣬱㽫ֻ˹
һԺ󣬿ٵĿ˵ֺ㽫ֻң
ֺӣЦЦֻ˶ߣǱЩŵ
һǲʲôΣգֺԺ󣬽ֻһԵϡ
һ֪Լһ군ˣǣϵıȴǸȶ
ֺڿԽֻ𣿡
ԣһ£ΪʲôҪ绰֪֪ҵӣֺʵһӴ˺һĶ
һ仰Ժ΢΢ס˺ܳһʱԺ󣬲ŻӦ
ֻҪһôˣû顣˺һ˵ֺúһһֱ
ɲԸңΪʲôһֱôֺúһеʱûԼ
Լ˽£㲻ùܣһüֺ˵ȥԼҲûʲôô
ֺû뵽һȻһ仰Լֵһɶһס֡
һסɷӦҪúõһӦġ
ֺ˵˵ţϵֻ绰ûйҵ
ιֺһ뵽ϴκԼһôӣôһ㺦¡
һھư֮Լֱڻû뿪ҽԺҲΪ΢΢סʱֺ˵һ䡣
һһЩ飬绰ҪǲģԼġ
һ뵽żӣֺôһȴǸˡ
һֺԼֻĬţһֱվһԡ
ֺ֪һڵһЩʲô˿˵һ䡣
һȻȥɣҺ˵仰
ɡһոҪ˵һЩʲôǣֺһӴˡ
ûʲôǣϰʱ䣡һҲûʲôԷɣԼһЩĵ뿪ˡ
һ뿪ԺֺҲֱӴ촰˵ϣԺԾһԶһЩϾ˼
ֺ仰˵Ժ󣬲ͻȻֵ绰Ǳߣ֪ʲôʱѾ绰ҵˡ
ŵ绰ǱߴֺཱུԼҪһʾȨ
źһֻҴҵĲţžֺԺ󣬼Ҵҵӭ
ܣǲǲʲôҪҪ
ž˿⣬Ͼûа취ֺ
ǣֻҺһֺû뵽Լܹž
ž仰ԺҪǰߴ·ǣʱֺͻȻ˵һ䡣
˵ǲû¿
ž仰Ժ󣬼ææ˵һ䣬ܣһЩ鼱账Ͳˣ
ž˵Ժ󣬱뿪ˣԱֺԺһֱʱʱ͵һۡ
ǣֺȫûпǵ˼ǳŲԶһ칫ȥ
ոջĺһһ뵽ֺԼֻ֪˵һЩʲôһЩĲɣסܾöûй
ʱֺˣȫԵ˵һЩʲôֱӽ
һһӻعһӲ׵׷һЩʲô˵
ֺҪȥ
㲻ǲڴһȥһôֺ˵һôһ㾪ȡ
ȴҲǺ˽ֺôõˣոҪ˦ֵʱȴע⵽˾ÿһ˶ڶԼԼĶҲܹ̫
ֺ㵽ȥʲôѾҽԺˣ
˺һ˵ֺҲҪ˵һЩʲôֻ뿪˹˾Լĳϡ
ʱֺŻش˺һղŵǸ⣬ֻҪȥһȨϾҽԺҲʲôֵ̫顣
һֺ˵ôһŰɣȴҲ֪Ӧ˵һЩʲô
ϣ˵İɣһ˵ԺһеؿҲٶ˵һЩʲô
ֺһԹԵӣʱԼѾʡ˲ٵ飬ʻ˽ֵϡ
·ϣһҪ³ȥһЩƷȴֺܾˣֿտյҽԺ




368 Ȩ
 

ҽԺһһ뵽Լֿտյģһ㲻˼ȥ
ֺѾǰߣһһģ֪ΪһЩʲô
ͷס֣ĳ¥ȥȴһ߿ڵ˵ţܹѾõˡ
֮ҪΪһ
һȴƺЩ̫顣
һ߽˲ֿ˻
ǣֺϵЦһʧˡ
ôˣһûָĲ
һʱͿԳԺˣ
ֺ˵̲סǣúһЩ޿̡
Ǹ޿̵ģ·ֺߺһ濪ʼˡرȫھȡ
Ҫһʱ䣿û뵽еĻ򡣿ںһķϣҲֻɵԭһΪģӦû⣬ͿֱӳԺˣ֪Ȼϵڡ
ֺģ·һӴһ
һҲԵظоղᵽԼֵʱθ˼֡
ΪʲôִӺһѿڶ
ΪʲôֺһֻЦЦûн͡
仰ԺǺڵģһ˳Ĭ˺ܳһʱһ仰û˵
ֺùʲô飬Цһ㣬Ϊһһ·ϲȫڼȻû£Ǿȸˡ
ֺ˵ԺԾʱļȴþȫ
ҵʹһӴ˹һ沿ŤôһЩġ
ôˣǲﲻȥһ»ʿһ˵ţ׼뿪ˡ
ֺԺ󣬼ʱĿֹһ㲻ȥҽԺеҽò㣿
һֺ֪һҽԺ϶ô򵥣ڿ׼
ʹһʱѾʶ˵ΪһЩʲôǣƺĿǰ״ҲЩΪ
ңʱԼȥҽֺֻ
ðɣһ塣һ˵һ´ͷ塣
ʱֺ㽫һ˫§ס˿ûйǵڳռʮ㡣
ŶˣȻȥֺ˵ţҪһ뿪һȻͷʱϵıȴԾд˲ġ
㡭ֺĻݺݵĶΪԼûа취Ļ綼Ѿȥ
ֺھư֣ǰ費˵Ůˣֻϧʰֺ
ֺŤı飬ôһĳɾ͸УǣĿҲӡ
ϾȫȫֺĶ֣ԣҲҪһЩͻ
ǣÿһ仰оףȴҲûа취й
һ㲻ǻϰ࣬һȥɣһ˿չ˺Լ㲻õġ
ٲãҲ飬չ˺ֺߴ˵
˵ֺ꣬һ뿪޲ܺͺһ÷ˣҲҪǰ֡
ǣһȴЩ̫ԸЩִֵ˦ֺ֣һм仰ϣܺһġϣܸҼӡ
Ҽӡͼӣ𣿡һЩ˵ܵģ˽»ı⡣
Ͼźò˵һļŭһŬͶ׷ˣ
ǣһȴֺӵļˣΪʲôҪӵʱ䣬ҾͲˣˣȻô໰Ҫ˵ǣȴһɹˣһӶ
һȻֺ̬ǿƣЩ޿̣ȴֲΪͼìܡ
ֺֻǺм仰뵥˵һһ֣ص˵š
û뵽ֺȻҲû룬ͽһϣҾܾˣУһ˵һ˵ģ˭Ҳܽҵߣ
ҡ񾭲һЩŭģһʱֺȴܲԱ߾ˣвеֱһһϣ߳
һû뵽ֺȻķʽǰԼȨ
ľ˵仰ˣֱҪ̫ˣ
ֺԵıźһ߳ҽԺһѽ˳۵糸ҵķȥ
һ·ϣһԽԽ




369 ϲ
 

ԼһУھưɣ֮Իһ𣬲ΪֺĹ˾
ѾͨĽ棬֪Ĺ˾Ʒ֮ԻֺƺͬĵطΪ˽ͨһֺ˾ˡ
ȻһѾ˵ҲͬԺῪʼ֣һ⳥йֺƷ˾ʧгһֳ
ںһѾԽԽԼȫΪ˽ġ
ֺȻ˵ռδҲ̫ǿЩҪȥͣҪţֺûй˼һϳ֮ţֱӿ˼ӣﳤȥ
һͣûڲŪǸţֻĹĵĿֺһﲻһ֣Сͨ죬ֺƳһ۸ʻĺһаȵĹ˹Ʋסϲ
ֺϷʵ˵ôҼҵķҲôҼҵķģǿɰˡ
һûнһСҰèģڿɰΪϲڿ쵽ˣһֺ𣺡ֺͲҡ
Ӷǿ˺һƲסĻϲӶ˵϶ЦӭЩ档
һ˲赹ˮǡʱʮֵȫܵһȻǳǣûǣӶ˵ϣԴӶ˻һЦǺǵģֻǳֺˡ
ֺźһԼǺԼҲܣֻȻǺһܹȷʵֺǿġ
һûڵεǻصԼķ䣬Լһ棬ֺҲ˷䣬źһһĹĵģЩֺСǹֿźһ·ҪԵһ
ǺһûΪֺԭǺҲ㣬һӵֺֺ֪ԼСЩʲô⡣ֺźһſ˻ϷŪ˵
һûоܾݺݵҧһֺļֺֻ΢΢üͷʲôҲû˵һһ
ֺЦЦ˵ȻǵóԷߵſڣֺͻȻһ䣬˵Ҫ˿̫ҵռǿ
һֺ˸ֺۣ˸û˵Ǹ֡
ֺεҡҡͷҸС΢ЦֺȥãһüĿӶ˶һţ̽˺һķ䣬ǸӶЦЦһҲſ
СӶŲС˵С㣬ʮ֮¥ȥԷҡ˵ġ
һûЦЦ˵СеƤรȥɣûʲô¶СӶȥ֮һЩӶ˱һ˵үķ˵Ƣôôá
һʱ֮䣬еӶ˶Ժһĺøмߣʱ䣬һޱڲϣһƲֵǲ
һжܺгƫƫ˸ȣʹԵñŤ֡һֻǰĳŷֺΪһܹʵʮֵϲͣĸһŲˣԱߵЩΡ
ֻǿǰһĻĻǰʳ֮ζȿֺһвʱϲһʱ۾ǡĶǶֺ飬εĻӭһУжд̡
ŷˣֻǲͣιֱо˲̫ıС
ΣΪȲΣֺԼķ˼вЩӶ˵һڵľ󣬶˵ɲŮòʵһԡ
ȸоʵΣҲЦӭΪֺעģԼˣôܻע⵽۵
еĲͱŤϵϵЦʮֵĲȻװһЦӭģɲ뵽һû̧ͷûעķ곡Ϸķߺвϵ
һͷĿֺ˵ҳԲô࣬ﰡҼв
ֺĿźһ˵Ҫι֣û˹ɧ㡣һûķ˸ۣ˵Ҫ˵ҾͲˡһģܿɰֺĻһܵģ
Եöִۣȿ˿ԱߵĹ֭˵ȻˣӦףһôһ°ɡ˵ţ˱˹֭һ±ӡ
ӭҺܿġȵϹŽӲı飬һΪ˱ΣҲֻòӭһ˵һ䣺ллҲܿġ
ֺ⿴źһЦЦ˵극һƽ˵һ䣺˯˯á˵գһò΢Ц
ֺźһü˵㻹ӣֺеԵĴɤ仰˵ֲࡣ
ҧҧ촽ǰһԼˣۣԼϲŮ黰
һֺûķ˸ۣ˵вȥҩǲпӣֺüаȵĶźһ˹
ûпӡ㡣




370 μ
 

緹ֺһڽȴȥ˹˾ŵļӶҲʣºһˡ
һŻؼңںֺദǱȽϾн ϴֺһԲ¥طˡ
ֺźһǨݵıӰҡҡͷҲȥ
һиȥɡֺȻѯʺһȴ͸¶Ųݾܾ
ȥͺˡһᲢû̫ȤϲЩνŹཻʡ
Ѿ׼ˣǰĳߴģϢһ£һ˾һȥɡ
ֺ˵뿪ˣֻʣºһһԭء͸ֵɴս䣬ųԹ緹ȷʵҲЩˣһ򿪳׼˯˯û뵽һһˮĨӳ
һϲˮɫһ˵Уüõָ⻮·ܹĸܵϵһЦЦӽҪȥˡ
뿪΢ᴵһҲ֪Լ˯˶ãֱֻ
ʰˣȻһ͵ˡһ۾Сš
ؼֺ͸ݺһϲȥ˸Ʒױ̨ϰ󻤷Ʒһܿ㻯ױˡ
ô죿߰ɡ
Сʱ˾͵᳡뿪ˣֺϰԵһ߽ȥһֺյ̫Ҳͷ뷨
ˣóʱ䲻ܻô˧
ܽտɺãʱȥɡ
ֺһ᳡˶ӭ˹꺮ůһǲҲЩˣԹԵĿŻ᳡װá
λСǣ
һǳθֺӦܱ꣬Ȼǲʶģֺߵ˴ҶܸȤ
ǽһ£ҵķ˺һֺ˽ܵҸ΢Ц
ԭǹ˰ÿܿνɲŮò
Ϊҵ˫ա
ҺƬ̾ͶɢˣЩֺߵĶȣ֮ǰ۳ϯһֺ첲ĶȣͻȻһףһֺ˵ݣŮ˲򵥰
ҲҲЩˣۻͺú˵֮ѾϰΪ仰Ͳһˡ
ֺŴҿ޵Ļ￪ĵĲˣȷʵҲֻϺһʲô
ղŸ˵һЩϲֺǰϹ˵
˵ľʵֺһνӡ
һֺҲûа취䡣
쿴ûִֺһŮ˹ǸŮҴûˡ
԰ǰɶߵġ
ǰҿȺֺһʱǶô䰡ΪҲڣ˶䰡
֮䲻ĻŮȴĵĽζĲţһ棬Ȼ֪ĵر
ںһûл֮ǰһֱֺߣֺƴӣҲģδֺˣЩ̫̫Ϳʼȴ򱧲ƽ
һվڲﲻǽţڳȥҲΡ
ϧˣôһ·Ů˽ٺˡ
̸ֳ˵ףȻʮˣƤǱֵŮϸ⻬µױݸǵĹ
㲻ʶŮˣںĸתһȵĿ˵ĸˡ
ôʶС
ڴͽȦ̫̫ǿŶദǢģʵϾǱˣ²ۣҲʱȣڽǸصӡ
ǸŮӾǺһ˵ǰһʱ䣬֪ô뿪ˣƲȴֻˡ
ֺϲһΧ˶ȽģǶӢΪ˶ԣνİûŵġ
ǹ˾ּҶܹӰֺ̬ҲԶԶŮˣʱˣҲ㽥˺һĴڣﶼ̫̫ıǩϡ
ѹ֣˵ôô죬ԭǺһ䲻ܡױ̫̫žϸţйš
ܼôǮв֪Ůż޸ˣһҲǴڼҵʱ֪ʲôֻصߣ˧Ǯ˭ŲİԺֿԹʳǵĴСˡ̫̫˵⻰̣黹డû뵽һ
һʵ̲סˣɻļͥĴţЦŶ̫̫˵λӦЩˣֺǰҵģԺҲֻҵģǸֻһѡ
̫̫ɵɵԭأһݺݵһ۱뿪ˡ




371 ¶
 

ֺӦⳡϵıͣȵЩ뿪ʱֺʶһ뿪Ѿãֱڶûлصߡ
뵽һһ뿪ᣬֺ̲סŴҶûԱߣ뿪ȥҺһ
ϴּе̫̫˺һԱ߲ױɫ΢΢˸ı䣬ȴЩ˳סֱվ˳
ǰߵģֻֻ֪Цž˿ޣ׻˵ĺûްպ졣
һ˵ԼҲʾԥķ˹ȥ
ҲҲμʲôõģֺҲֻǽȵְˣһֱҡ
һ֪Լ˵ţһЩ̫̫ǰԼⶪֺ
̫̫źһ˵֪ܵĿǣø˼һ˼Ŀ˵һ̫ΪˣΪ㣬ȿ»һֱֺߣ˲衭
һԺһĻݺݵϣ̲סʹȴһҪǿӡ
ǰôֺߵǸңҲúõ߽ÿһ
仰øոſڵֺһǼᶨֺϣʱеĸжӿȥԥĳ˽ȥ
ֺ̫̫ĳ֣һӾˣ뵽֮ǰΪЩ£Ĭûһš
ܣ߱ô࣬ôˣſڵ̫̫һֺݵ
ֱֺӴſߵ˺һߣϹŲƵЦ⣬һҺһ֪ǻ᲻ֵ顣
仰ԭ򶨵̫̫һɫ䣬ܵ˵һ䣺ǲûжԺһһЩʲôֻǺĹϵϾںһ̲ס档
ֺû뵽Щ̫̫ȻҲôԣԼ˽ЩãǰʲôϵЩѾȥˣֻҪúõչ˺һϣǲҪҵˡ
ֺ˵Ժ󣬺ԥźһ뿪ˣһ뵽ղźһŴ˵Ļһطһӱ
һֺԺһһĽֺҪͺһ̸һ̸
һҪһģһֺĻһ˿ȣǸȴǺֺʱҪ˵ʲô
ʲô;˵ɣһʲôӦֱ˵ʹʱ򿴷һ¡
Ҿǰһʱ䣬ҶǼЩ嶯ûʲôǣȴûи͵ʱ䣬嶯ĺסԺҺ˵ôĻֺ뵽Լ֮ǰ飬Լںһ̫ڲˡ
һֺ˵ĻԺ󣬷·ԼΣԼһӣþûзӦ
ֺҿ㵱ʱĸܣϾûи˵˽뿪˾˲ٸӰ죬Ժھưɼ棬Ҳǿġ
һﻰһֱǵֺҲʶǼ鲢ǺأҲûӰ˵ĸ顣
лл㣬һΪһֱǼ鹢ڻûа취¡һֺԼе뷨˵˳ԼҲӦлֱ˵
ֺԺһЩʲô飬Ҷһֱ֧ģҪңԼܷʲô飬һûҪƽϣеʱ
һ˵ŶĻزֺңԸⳢţһֱվߡ
ֺЩҲǹ㣬ֻǸҲԼɣԺлһԭҪʱ仹л𣿡
һ˵ʱ۾˸ſεĹâֺһЩ浽ףǣԼҲԸһʱ䣬ȴԼҪ˵
ãϣ㲻Ҫ̫飬Ҳ⣬ǣЩû취ġ
һѿֺôȣһЩܳ˿ĵļҪ˺þãŽеƽˡ
ллֺѵϣĵĸĿģ˼ЦЦֻ˿
˺ӣ飬ʲô˵ʲô˽ζöûͣ¡
һ˹ĽĿȺϣԼԿֺӰԼ˺ܳһʱԺûпֺӰΪֺ飬ûгϡ
ʮֿ϶뷨ʱ򣬸ղŵǼ䳰һ̫̫˹һ̲סһ
ȣôһ˹ȥֺոմȵĶ̧ܵͷͿǰļ̫̫ԼҲǣԲûе⡣
ôֺ֪ˣҸûпһ뵽Լûпֺ;Щ֡




372 ߼
 

̫̫ǴȵýᷢһЩʲôǸղڲֺȥҺһԲų
̫̫Ļһȼû뵽ֺȻȥҺһ
ǰԼܾûлصߣҪôȥԼҪôײܣûô
ţȭͷȴǽеĲⰲȥϹźƵЦݣô֪֪Ҫȥֺ˵ȵԽԽС
ǣȺϬ̫̫һֲˣȣڳΣֺͺһ˹ϵܣ㻹ǲҪûȤȥˡ
ᣬֻҪȷû˵ѡѼӲԸ⽫Լ뷨Ǽ
ֺǸ֪ڻڲڣһ̫̫˵ţָָֺͺһڵķ
ԺжһЩлܵ˵һ䣺лл̫̫ǾǼҲûʲôˣȺӵһ뿪ˡ
ָ̫̫ķȻؿ˹ȥܿͷ˺һֺһ
˲֪ʲôֹʮܣ˵ЦͣжʼɵСһ
û뵽һôãһһһҪʧȥ˫ȣȴҽԼ˫ҽκˣָ
ʹǺһûа취ʹ˫ȵôһʱ䣬ֺĺãıǶʱΪԼԽ׵ĴܣȴҲûԼԸ
ֺһϣȾĳ־ںԼҫһ̲סܡ
һܵʱͻȻ˼磬ԼһҲֻֿԣȥҼ磬ü֪һЩ˵飬Լ£һ뵽ЩԺȱһ뿪ᡣ
ҽԺæԼе飬ͻȻԼǰһ׺Ϥˣͣһ¡
֪ҵĸǲʲôƼǻˣȫû뵽Լĳ֣ҲǺܻӭǣûԼҪĿĿģûΪ̬
һЩҪһ£֪ûʱ䣿
ûУûеòĻ뿪ɣ滹ಡأȿ˿߻кöˣ̾˿
һԵ㣬Ϣʱ򣬾Ϳ˵ˡ˵ԺԼһطһҲ⣬ǵȫûпһ뿪ˡ
ȸո뿪λ±ߵһ˾͹ˣϸһ˵ԺǸżԼα뿪ˣֱİ칫ûһԺȲ
磬ûˣ˵һ𣿡ȵĻʶû뿪ЦЦȣѾˣؼңҶϢȤ˵Ժ󣬱˹ȥ
Լ䵭ǲģۿҪ뿪ˣæѿڶ磬һ㣬ҪҪһЩںһ飡
һ֣һͣԼƶĲ˿ȣһѾʧˣȫϵͲҪҿЦˣԴӺҳǼԺ󣬺һѾʧܳһʱˣطҲûн
żȫ֪ӣȹϵ˵˳磬ûƭ㣬һĻˡ
ȵӣȫûƭԼıҪԭıһʧˣüںһΪʲôûиң
һֺĹ˾ϰ࣬ң˽ˣ֪ЩԺǲǺܣ
˵ЩԺҡҡԼԴЦЦҲʲôܵģֻҪһһ˿ԺúõģҾͦĵġ
ԭΪ֪ЩԺһҪֺߺһû뵽Լȴõ𰸣Щʧ䡣
ΪʲôΪеģȲ׼絽һЩʲôѾˣܡ
翴ȲԼı飬˺һϢķϣڸһ£ΪֻҪõزأңֺһúõչ˺һҾͷˡ
ż罫ԭ˵ԺȲûΪ˵ı˶Ժһ뷨ﷴһһ꾫ֺԵˣڶԺһء
磬Ĳ׺һʲôõģѾƲˣҽˣȻصġ˵ĻҲֻЦЦûиһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
żȫ׼ԼҲ̫ܡ




373 
 

磬ִԲ򣡡˵ԺԼŭ뿪ˡ
֪˺һϢԺ󣬼ͻȻҪԼȥһһ뿪һʱ䣬׹ô
ǣֲ֪ԼӦʲôʱȥԭ׼ؼҵļһڰ칫˼˺ܳһʱԺ󣬲žȥһĹ˾￴һô뷨Ժ󣬼ŲúͷԼĶҽԺ뿪ˡ
ڶϣϸϸĽԼʰһȷԼû⣬߳š
һֺ˾øĺ󣬹˾һֱˣһЩԥãչȥˡ
ǰ̨˼İףֱӽҪ˭
翴˿סԼȥ·Ķֱӿ˵ҪҺһģɲԸҡ
һԺǰ̨ٽ绰˳ȥָָԶĵطɣһһͻġĻԺһ
ֺͻȻ߻Ժһ۾Ϳ˲ԶһϤӰȴһϲǸȥոյ˼Ժһ˳ã֪ҹ˾ʲô飿
̧ԼԴԺ󣬾ͿǰֺԥһԺ󣬻ʵʵ˵˵һˣҪһ˼˵ӵĻֺôһЩ
磬ںһѾҵˣҿչ˺㲻̫ڵˡ
ܣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣֻûпҪһ֪ôô˵ҲǺһѡ
ֺӣֺܵǺܻӭԼǣԼҲһЩĺһϾҷô飬϶һʱỹûȫܡ
Ҫֺ˵Ժ󣬲ٸ˵Ļᡣ
㽫λȥԶſڵıܵԺ󣬼ҴҵĴſ˹
ֺ´ôһȴҲ֪ԼӦ˵һЩʲô
ۿűҪ뼾뿪ʱ򣬺һӵˣһĻһЩ˹
ߵıĿһµֺֺҵģôܹӶ
ֺû뵽һȻʱˣ֪Ӧôһ˵һĽ͡
ֻǾ㹤ȽæûʱҽѾˣñ뿪һôֺ֪һЩʲôԸԼ㲻ѿࡣ
ֺҺͼֻͨѣûʲô飬㲻ӦôңӦøһЩԼĿռ䡣һֺȫȫԼԼһЩܡ
ֺźһ˵ĻԺôһЩת뿪ˣҲܺһͼ˵һЩʲô
翴ֺ뿪ˣһЩ˵Ĺϵһֺû𣿡һ˼ĻԺҡҡԴһԡ
㲻õˣѾþûмˣѵÿԺúõ졣
һĻüԵİһЩ绺Աߣ˿ǰĺһôһЩۡ
һô
Һܺã㲻̫ڵģֺһЩռǿ⣬ҲǺܺáһԼܺԺ󣬼ԵķһЩ
һôˣҷô飬ɻãɼǵ֮ǰҷ顣
ѾˣϾҵǲԱģֻᷢǷһЩѣ㲻õˡ
һ֪ʱԼҲǲԼˣһר˵һЩüĵĻ
˺һĻԺеĵǽؼ٣ԼеһʯͷڿԷ
һûʲôҪԼģ̲סһЩڼ飬磬ĵܵôĲûкһЩһһЩЩļĪĲ飬Ͼ֢Ǻܿ¡
һԼĵܵܣҡҡԴĪĲһ仯ҲûУҲ֪ĲʲôʱԺһЩ
һ뵽ԼܵܵĲ飬ôһЩͷۣԼ˺ܶİ취ȴûһЩ
ðɣϣԿһһǰʧȥ˫ȵʱ򣬾׵ʧȥϣǵԼĲһӺԺһӿϣ
һôԼĵܵܣ̲ס˵һ䣬ĪܳһʱûпˣһЩˡ
һҲԼѾܾûпĪˣȷʵҪȥһãʱĻҾȥĪôûпҲһЩˣһ˺ܳһʱ䣬һʶѾȥ˺ܾá
ǸҪȥˣǲ˼һ˵ţ׼뿪




374 ɿ
 

֪Ǻһϰʱ䣬ܹԼôѾˣûпȥɣʱҴ绰
ԼûкͺһľˣֿôãûһѵĻҪ˵
ãһӦԺ󣬱˵ݣźһ뿪ıӰôһЩᡣ
һص칫Ժ󣬸ո׼ͻȻԼûи绰㽫Լĵ绰Ÿ緢˹ȥ
ڴԥԼҪҪȥҪ绰ŵļ翴ԼյĶԺ󣬱ûмת뿪ˡ
һĹ;ֺ˺öΣȴûкԼ˵һ仰ֺ֪Ϊղŵ黹ԼҲû˵
ϣһڿɳϿӣͻȻһĵ绰
һֻܵһԣͨ˵绰ι磬ͻȻҴ绰ǲʲô飿
˺һԺ󣬲ȷԼûд绰ŲæĿ˵һ䣬һû飿һ˼Ժ󣬲Լǲʲô顣
Ŀѯʵ磬ǲʲô飬ԲŴ绰ûʱ䣿
ǣûʲôҪ飬ֻҪһûʱĪ
仰Ժ󣬺һһӷӦԼ֮ǰӦ˼顣
죬һǺʱһȥġͼ˵ĺһȫûע⵽ʲôʱѾվԼ
˺һ˵ĻԺĵתתȥںһעʱܴ˵һ䣬һںͼ绰𣿡
ȵԺ󣬺һһӷӦǹģٵĽסȴûü
磬һһЩ飬ʱ˵ȫ֪Ǳ߷һЩʲôһ仰Ҳû˵ҵ˵绰
鷿ֺ˵ĻеŭһԼЩ꣬ݺݵؽļˤ˵ϣġ
¥£һֻ˿ڴһЩĿȣȣ㵽ʲô˼Ϊʲôô˵һӾǹģôһЩ
˺һԺһίͰ͵ĿźһԩԼӡ
һҲǹģңҲûһЩʲôѽ
һ޹ӣһŭһӲ֪Ӧôй˿¥ϣûֺӰһɳϣĲɣʲôʱ
һֱ¥ϣ˺ܳһʱԺ󣬶ûзֺΪԼ̴ˣ˲ĵɳϡ
ֺһ鷿Լһƽǣһ뵽¥ȵǾ仰Ժȫһ鷿˺ܳһʱ䣬Ǿ¥
ոճ֣һ͸ܵΧ˺һһվͿߵֺ
ֺôͻȻˣ
ղǲںͼ绰һֺԺ΢΢סˣ֪ԼӦӦʵʵ˵
ǣղѾԼ¶ˣӲͷƤ˵ǰҸղںͼ绰
һ׿ڳԺֺһӿʼйһܸܲͼôãûаӦ˵Ļ˵꣬Ժ󻹴绰
ֺǽԼҪ˵ĻһӺһ˵ôһЩίԼûʲôֵܹ顣
ֻʲôʱȥĵܵܣܵһ֢ߡ
һû˵ֱֺ꣬ӽˣҵӣԺܹܲ˱־롣
ֺ֪һֱԺһ˼˾ôôһЩȡ
һԵȿϾҪ˵ʱͼӴ׵Ŀ˵һ䣬ֺղźһ˵ʱ䣬ͻȥĪ
ֺ˵һѹƲסԼеĲ⣬һҵӣԺٺͼϵоҲȥ˵ĵܵܡ
ֺ˵һʵ̫ȡˣֺ㲻̫ˣһЩֺܲӡ
һĻֺΪȻ˰֣ҾãҶҵҪ󣬲Ǻܹ֡
ֺĻһ㽫һһԼȶһЩֺ̫ìܣֺʲôϵҾӦеɣ㻹ǱҪҵġ
ﳳͣһеɳϿԼϲĵӣеĺóԣȴѾֿ˻
Ա˺Լûһϵֺͺһǳͣ һ֪ڵҪģǺò׺ֺһ𣬺һҲԸֺ֣Ҹõ




375 
 

͸ֵɴڴϣ˯еĺһ˫ǻЩЦ⣬ǲϲյģںδ䳤궼ǿŴȻġ
ֵĴڷĴһƬһ۾ֱЩԺѹ
áһ˵Ŵֻڿʾʱʱѹ
ˣˣӦ㼾Īȥģԡ
һصһԼԿǣæ𴲴´硣
ֺɻΪһѾˣתһʲô磬ͻȻֺһƺĲǰֻΧתСŮˡ
֨
ϾҪȥ棬ǴˬһЩΪһѡһ˶װһױ׼¥ȥˡ
ȥֺһŵĶӷˡ
һͷҲص˵ȥҼ簡Ҳȶ簡
׼ȥֺźһıӰ˫ȭգ˫ɺ죬һδֱӴܳȥˡ
֪ܳοֺһʲôͼ罻ɡ
ֺһصϷһվ¥ڿźһԶıӰǹһĨ˾ĻȣҪЧ
ʮӺһļŴ򿪿һЩȡ
磬ûϰ𣿡ںһӡмĹǺæġ
ÿ춼ӭɰСҽ߳ҽѧкܺõƽǴҽԺġ
ˣɣĪڷˡ粻˼ͷ
һڼļһǱȽϤģڲûôƽš
ĪأһڿĴһûпĪӰڷ𣿡
ţҴȥɡͷ
ĪķܺڣصĴһ㶼͸һǰ§סĪ̫ˣΪԱ֢֢ڽԼڷҲô
һ㣬ˡĪЩ˸ϲ˾ǺһˣΪܹһģϧʱǨһͼҲֻѹϵ
ĪȥòãܺõġһʵᣬļĪܾ
Īӵ֢ͺµĵطﳤźصĴҽ˫ӭӹСĵȴڵܵܵĲ޷ı䡣 Ī˼Ƭ̺ͷӦֻҪкһ͸ߣʲô¡
ۣĪӦˣ㻻·һĵ֣ĪڴӦһȥˡ
ԣӦˣӦȥˡķ＾Ȧ΢΢죬ǰĺ͵ܵܽĺһЩˣܹǲһжĺá
磬磬＾Ī·ѽ
Ī·໹ǺһڵʱģΪ·ĵƶûժһ¹ѡüĪ·к
ŶŶˣˡ˼һӱ˻Щˡ
Ī·˾ͳˣһĵĸĪһñӣԼҲһ
һСϸעĺܺãĪʱʶѹñأźһ֡
ǰͺһýȥ԰棬Ī˵׻һĺӣȥ̳֣԰Ȥ淨
׷ѽѽһСűǰţͯɵҸ΢Ц׷ŵĸȻͷ˵ֵĻ۾顣
ĪȥתľòãһѯżĪ
áĪޱĴӦ뷽СԱȣĪԵ̫ƽˡ
һ֪ĪԸ񣬼ȻӦˣǾ֤ĪĿǱȽġ
һ濨׼˺úõһ¡
һҰͼĪļƬɡ罫óλΣ׼ġ
ð
һżĪתľţĪһ쿴ߡ
ǡ
Īͺһ汻һֽƬ¼·˼ĵƬܺÿҪæա
лл㰡СӣǷ޹ϵãСҲ˧˿޵
ˣǲ¡һͨ죬ǰ͵
Բ𣬲˼ҿǴĺװһ
һ⻰ͷԼ·ֿĪͼ·ѹᣬ˶Ǵˮ˶װ·ȷʵᡣ
ûϵ
һִżĪ˺öûĿĪҲ֮ǰǰԺһЦˡ
һĪЦˣЦˡϽ¼һĻĪƽ˺һ




376 
 

ۿʱѾˣһֺصﵣԼ˿һĺܿĵļĪ˵ĪʱѾˣһؼҺòã
Ī˺һĻһ˳Ĭ˺ܳһʱ䣬ĵ˵Դ˵á
ĪͬˣһĽ翴һԼĵܵܣ࣬Ҫӹ
ǣԼ֣ĪȫԼôһЩģվûжԵܵ˵һЩʲô
һ˿ǷϵڰοĪֻǺܾûмˣҪҡ
˺һĻЦЦǣҺ̫ˡ
ᣬôľ룬һOKġܿ죬˱뿪ֳ˳ϣĳżҵķʻȥ
صԺ󣬼ԽеĶźԺ󣬿˵һ䣬һ￴Ӱɣȥ׼ˣԺؼҡ
˵ˣ˳һոҪ˵һЩʲôʶ˿ֻԼͼĪ
ԼĪһŷĵĽ˳ոսȥͿ˼ŵж
˵ÿһ鶼Ƿ룬úһ̲ס̾ˣЩļ
磬治һˣȻԽеô
˺һʶ˺һ֪ʲôʱˣתͷ˿
һôŵңʲôѽ
һڳ϶æŰһЩʲô
˺һ˵һӲ֪Ӧô˵˿ĶнԼҪ飬ڿ˵
ǣûʲôҪæѽһ˼ĻԼ뷨˵˳
ҸղſжӣԼҲҪһԣ֪ɲԣһ˵ԺĿתĿż磬ھܾԼ
ҪһԣЩľܾĵ˵ԴãҪעⰲȫ
Ӧˣͽݸ˺һڳ˺ܴһλãһСķŶԼŪˡ
СӣվһȵָţµʱһҪһ㣬ҪԥȻǧҪ̫
һ˼Ļᶨĵ˵ͷոչȥûм룬ͻȻ˼е
Ͻһ£ŷֺһ־ȻˣԼӦ֣Щڡ
һǶԲҾͲӦôΣյ顣˵Ժ󣬼ϽһѪָͷϽˮ˳壬˿ȴڲͣѪ
żӣһĿ˵һ䣬û£ԼСġ
һĸ˿ڣһ߳ߺĪæѵӹ±ߵҽҩó
ߵļĪ֪ﵽ׷һЩʲô˸ǺԥĿڴӦˡ
ãϾˡĪӦˣͿٵıҽҩ˽
һϵ˿ڣ̲סüͷ·
磬һôˣ绹ûüڣһȿ˵һ䡣
û£ҲСġ˺һĻҲٿڽһЩʲôӹҽҩ䣬罫һ˲ǰԼԱߡ
ĪԼҲȥһ仰Ҳû˵ֻĬĬſԱߣŸһ˿ڡ
Ĵҽҩóˮһ˿ϴһԺһЩҩֹʹҩʮûжãʹ˺һ˿ڣСİһ£̣һֻһ
һͼĪ߰ɣҪˣ˵Ļһġ
ãղŵ飬һʶԼʹҲﲻʲôæ鷳
һһҪԼһȥĪ˳Ĵ˳źһȥˣźһ뿪ˣżæԼղû顣
ɳһЩĵĺһĿϵ˿ڣͻȻԼֺһʱ⡣
ǵһΣԼһڳϴʱ򣬲ǵʲôĳȫûע⵽е벻֪ʲôʱһӻ˳ȥ
һԺ󣬺һע⵽ԼȻصˤ˵ϣܵҪϽȴһ񣬽ԼָˣѪҺš
һܵĽһæŹֺҴҵ˽
һѵƬкһͣѪָͷüͷһôôȻԼָˣּƬֲûйߡ
Һɨɾһȫ˼ϵʹԼԵ˵˳
ֺĻش𣬲ûаοǳһ䣬ԺܲܲҪ¡
Ŷһ̲סԼԴĸĵ͡




377 Ļ
 

ǳ˺һһ٣ֺ̬ԵĺһЩ
Ƴ˺һһۣȴֻѪ
㲻ҪҶˣҳȥҩ䡣ֺ˵Ժ󣬱תȥˡ
ֺոճȥãȱˣһϵƬЦЦһôôСģֲûˣ˴ͺˣңôõĶȻˣֺ϶ۡ
ǸʱԼ϶ǹԼģǣҲûкܵ˼ȫԵĳ
ֻǾԼĶûбҪ鷳ˡһ˵һ䣬ȿ϶Լǣʵ֤Լ̫ˡ
һʵ֤һܿԲŻôֱţԼá
ʲô˼һһЩô˵ΪһЩʲô
ҵ˼ûа취ʹѾֺ̫̫λϣǣλҵġ
ȿһνӣֱӿڶһ£Լʵ뷨ֱӱ¶˳
һĻʮֵܣջһ仰Ҳû˵˳Ĭ˺þԺֺˣûѯ˷һЩʲôæŸԼ˿ڡ
뵽Ǽ飬һһЩĵüͷ뵽ʱԼǺֺΪָ鷢ìܡ
ͻȻȿ˵ģԼֺܹ˵λ̫ˣһλ
ǣһ뵽ЩԺ󣬺һôһЩʹ̲סۿתԼֺΪһЩ鳳ܣǽϵĳܣìҲûͣ
ڵһ֪Լʲô飬Ӧôֲȫûע⵽ԼʲôʱüͷѾšһ𣬿ʹࡣ
һڳæ˺ܳһʱ䣬ڽϣոæԺ׼кһһֱԼϵ˿ڣ֪һЩʲôһӣԼ̲סġ
ǰ˻ӣ˺ܳһʱԺ󣬺һŻعһľı飬յʲôһ㣬ü̲סһ¡
һôӣǲǷʲô飿
ǰոʱһֱʮֵĻÿʣ˿Ժ󶼾ʮֵĿɰ
ǣһκһˣǾûǰôʣһЩҲԸԱ˵
ҡһ˼ʺһԥ֪ԼӦӦø
翴ԥԥӣһֺйϵһЩǡ
ǲǺֺйϵǲ۸ˣǶ㲻ãһû뵽ȻһӲ¶ˣԼ΢΢סһ¡
Ҳ֪Ӧô˵ԼĺֺദĲ죬˼磬Ҳֻװ׵ĵģչ˼ĪѾܲˡ
һо˺ܳһʱԺ󣬳̾һ˵û£߰ɣһȥԷ˺һҪŪȥվԭһ
ӣһ֪Լ˵ĻһӹȥֻӲͷƤ˵˳ʵǹڼ£ҾûбҪ˵˵Ҳֻ㵣ġ
˺һ˵Լ飬΢΢һûʲôԼ׷ȥˣϾһԼ飬ԸҲǿġ
һ㲻Ը˵ҲǿˣֻǣϣԹúһЩ
һģһֻҪԼúõظı䣬ܿͻʧġ
źһһֱӲŵӣվǽԼеĸ뷨˵˳ԺôҲһֱ㣬ܷʲô飬ҪҾıܷۡ
ż˵һôһЩȴҲ֪ԼӦôл
һʱһԵļĪͻȻ˵һ䣬㣬ǿһԷɣٲԷ˶ˡ
Īһ仰ЩεĺһһĪԼĻķȥ
翴һ뿪ˣҲĸȥ˳Էʱ򣬼һ仰Ҳû˵
һԼһֱԷʱʱظĪӲˣĪһֱʹԴķԵĸĿģٷǼĪԵһΡ
һĪķҲˣǰûгԹôķˡ
Ī˸ԼֻЦЦ˿һԵĺһΪҲ˷ѵһҼеĲˡ
żĪ˵Լе뷨ԶĪĪһúܶ࣬һӱǢ




378 Ƭ
 

һߣֺһڰ칫æеĹ
æ˺ܳһʱԺͷĹѾĲˣԼͣúõϢһ£̲ס˺һİ칫
ſյİ칫ңֺͻȻ˽Լͬ˺һԲ˾ϰࡣ
뵽ЩֺôһЩڣǣԼͬںҲûãһ˻˺һ칫ԱߣΧ˿ֺˣһֱĹȫûһ̧Դ
ո˽һ֮Բ˾Ϊ˺ͼżĪһȥ档
뵽ôһЩüͷţ칫˶ÿһӱ˶׵׷һЩʲô飬Ȼһֺĺһɢ˳
žʱ򣬿ֺҪ͵͵뿪ǹˡ
ܣһȫûϰ࣬Ҳ֪ȥˡžΪֺΪҺһ
ֺ˽Դû̧һ£ֻǵ˵һ䣬֪ȥɣžҲûٶ˵һЩʲô뿪ˡ
ֺһ˺ܳһʱ䣬ͻȻ뿪ˣϾһֻͼһȥ棬мĵܵܣô˵һ7ĺӵԱ֢֢Ǻܿ
úһһȥ棬ɢɢģҲûʲôĺϲһֺԼúһһϾһĺӸͲԼһ
һĺӵôصĲֺҲһЩͬţôһЩ࣬ĻصԼİ칫ҡ
˿߻̫ͮͮԼشϣֺһĺܿġ
ֺһĺܳͻȻˣֺǵýһԼûпȣôһЩ
ȣڶҪ°ˣ㻹˾ʲô
뵽ֺһҲӭԼǣԼȫûԼĿģϹŵЦݡ
ֻһЩ飬ǻġȼȻû˾ҲûҪϰࡣ
ʲôؼ˵ֺ˽飬ȥ˵ҲûʲôϾ칫ǹĵط
ֺϾҪԼߣȽԼڴһѵƬϣֺһѵƬ׼˵һЩʲôǣ俴Ƭĺһ
һӽЩƬĿÿһƬƬֵĶǼ磬һĪˡ
ЩƬģֺ˿ǰȣôһЩ£Ȼ֪һһһ
ĵģҷˣҾŸ㿴һֺȫûע˵Ҳ֪˵ĵǲģԼһһֱʹԴеƬ
ƬϿԿ˽ȥֳÿһƬ˶Цĺܿģͺܵһһ
ֺôһЩ𣬿ֺôȾԼĿѾˣҪ뿪
ǣô˵ֺͺȫһȫȡ
кƬֺ;һܼԼĿϲͣĺݺݵţԼ۵Щ
ܳһʱԺֺһĿȣ㻹վʲôûʲôͲҪﰭˡ
û뵽ֺȻ˵ôĻȻôһЩܣ黹һƽ
ǣͻȻԼӦһ뿪ֺͲᳯԼùĿһԱ
ȸո뿪ֺͰ˺һĵ绰ոճ극ĺһɳ㼾Īӣ˵绰
ֺԼĵ绰ԥĽͨˣιֺôˣ
һɣֺûа취ѹƷŭֺһһǷһЩʲôȻֺӣǣԼҲ֪׷һЩʲôԼеɻ󣬿ڻӦ
ãһͻˡ˵ԺҲûж˵һ仰ֺ㼱ҴҵĹҵ˵绰
һ˵绰ԺֺԼ׼Ҵҵ뿪ˣе˿ֺ뿪Ժûһ˸ǰкֻǾкҪ顣
һҵ˵绰Ժһ˼ԱߣһЩ˼Ŀ˵һ䣺Ǹֺһؼңҿǲܹˡ
һԵļĪ仰Ժһס˺һ֣˵һ㣬ɲңҲ뿪
˼ĪĻһһЩԥǣԼҪ뿪ˣȻֺ֪һЩʲô
ĪԹԵģһʱ㣬һЩȥҪ뿪ˡ
ǣĪһĻһǲԸ֣翴˼ĪӣȰ˵һԺɿ֡




379 ƻ
 

翴ԼĵܵͿ֣һЩ˼Ŀ˵һ䣬ɫѾôˣȥɣһֺͻȻԼ϶ΪͼйϵԼ鷳ԥľܾˡ
ãԼȥͿˡ
һܾԼЩ⣬̲ס˵һ䣬ô˵Ҳģôһ˻ؼҲȫôܹġ
һ˼ĻԺ󣬾˵ĺеĵ˵ԼԴðɣһؼҰɡһͬˣ͵ܵһ齫һ˻ȥ
һ·ϣһ仰Ҳû˵˶İǣĪȴͺһںߴߴĺܿġ
ȻصֺûпһôһЩƬϣһɳϣȴźһ
罫һ͵ſԺôһЩģ˿һһ˻ȥû£ҪҪ㣿úһҴҵҪһǷһЩʲô
Ļúһ΢΢סһ£֪ǹԼǣЩԼҪԽ
û£ĪȥɣѾЩˡһ˵ţ˿һЩļĪ
˺һĻҲ˼˵һЩʲôĵ˵ԴСһЩһ˵ͷӳˣһȥˣŻ뿪ˡ
һոջͿɳϵֺҲע⵽ԱһѵֽƬӣԼԺ󣬲ŷһƬ
ңȻǾܽǣһѾ֪Ƭϵ˾Լֺ˺һԼոҪϵƬǣֺûü˵ʱ򣬺һѾȿڽһ¡
ֺҽ֮ʱŻҪҪһ¼Īڵʱ򣬼ĪǺܿʵģңҺͼûʲôȫҪġ
һĻ˵ԺֺôһЩȣҲůůģúһлԼˡ
˺ܳһʱ䣬̲סһ䣬ΪʲôƬǶЦôģ
һֺԺ󣬽еƬ˹ϸĿ˺þԺ󣬲һȻ
ƬΪҺͼ˹ڼĪĲ飬㲻֪ļĪѾúܶˡ
һĽһӽֺеĵһĨˣˣˣԺ󲻻ôСˡ
ţûйô˿һǵÿһԼʱֺ鷿æԼĹ
ֺ˺һĻԺ󣬸Ͻ˿ʱ䣬ֻ磬żû£ҪһƵ飬ǻȥ鷿ɣЩ
ֺ˵ţ˿һڿӵĺһ˵˵ЦЦһ¥ȥˡ
ȿԼļƻˣôһЩģӣÿֻǱڰοԼ
鷿ԺֺٵĴ˵ԣæԼͷĹһǾԼûʲô飬ԾѰԼҪ顣
Լѡһƾ鿴ֺԼҵȥȴǲ̫ģ̲סһ䡣
һһ￴飬ҿʱûа취˵
ֺĻһůůģһ˵˵ԴƽĻӦһ䣬õģ֪ˣİɣ
˺һӦԺֺſʼ˵Ի飬һ;ǻʱʱĿֺʮ⡣
¥µһ˴˺ܳһʱ䣬ûпһһЩһЩʲôҪȥһǣֺϱ߷ìܣԼȥ鷳ˣ˺ܾԺ󣬻Ǿȥһ
ͨ鷿ķ϶ڣôһЩģ˶ʲôĺ鶼ںһϣԼҪȥҼ磬˺ͺõԼġ
ոսĪ˯ţߵ壬ôһЩĵüͷȴܳŴˡ
ſڵȣһЩ⣬ôˣһҼʲô飿ÿһγ֣ûк顣
Ȳûлش⣬ǾֱĽˣȻſ˵һιҪҪ㣬һֺͺˡ
ȵĻûоʲôֵĵطϵıĵŶȻأ
ѾͺˣϣԺҪǸŮˡȵ仰Ժ󣬲һЦ
㲻ҶģҶ˭ģǰǶ¡
磬ʵһֱ㶼иоܹܲºһһ𣿡
ԣûкһҲио鷳뿪ɡ׼Ļ֮⵽ʲôЩ뿪ˣҲһЩʺһ




380 ©
 

ֺͻȻֹ˾ʽ֪ʲôʱ⣬һЩĵüͷ˽
Ժ󣬿ֺüͷӣΪԼʲô飬˶Ľš
ܣͻȻҽнǲʲô飿ֺԺֱӿżɽ
ȥҲһ¹˾ˡֺԼˣһˣ϶ǷһЩʲô
ǣԺһ仰ҲûжʣֱӴӦˡ
ոճȥ˲ãڰ칫ſȣȿֺ칫ҳˣһŵӣֺһ´
ܰнȥǲʲôҪ飬һüչӡ
˾Ҫùˡ̾˿׼뿪ˣһ仰һȾòÿܻԼйϵ
ܸܲҪȥʲôѽҪ֪ҪһЩʲôԼſԷδȻ
ǣԺҲֻҡҡԴû취˵
仰ԺһЩģֲǹ˾ˣ˵ˣֺҲ˵һЩʲô
ȵ˵£ջǶҡˣ˵˵Դȥһ¹˾ˣʲô˰ɣ
ֺҪˣһӻˣϽҴҵ뿪ˣȼҴ뿪ıӰЩ֣ȴҲûжһЩʲô
ȺֿԺͻȻԼһ˸ĳأҲ֪Լ͵͵ŲùҪסˣԼҪ뵽һʵİ취©
ǣԼ֮ǰŲõĿһʺܴĿͲϾͿȥģв֪Ӧô
һ˻ص˰칫ԺЩͷ۵ԴԼܹʱĻ϶᳹׵ıֺɡ
뵽ЩԺ̲סĻԼβֺܹԼ˾ţͻȻ˳֣Լӣʵһ
ǰǲžʱһһ˶࣬žͻȻǲʲô飿žԺ󣬻Ľļзϡ
һΣ˾ҪһЩϣڽˡžźԺһ仰Ҳû˵뿪ˡ
ƽԼ飬ĴļϱĿĿһӾˣһ
ǮȫȫԽ©ֻԼȥһҪ۵͵ĽĹ˾Ҳһͷ۵顣
ǣԼΨһϣȲԸӷŲžļУҴҵ뿪˹˾
һ̫˺öҹ˾Ժ󣬷ǵļ۸̫ڰ󣬾ԼҲһԼ©ĽĹ˾ʱͻȻ˲ԶһǺܴĽĹ˾
ȥѯһ۸ȷʵǸĵͣǣĽȴǺܺã˵ǲˣ˺ܳʱĶòôԼҲǿԺŪȥġ
ϾֻӣԼԵĻؿ۲ǸĶ࣬ԥ˺ܾԺ󣬾ԼˣҲ֪ġ
ǹ˾Ը⹺ǵĲϡջͬˣҹ˾ʹЭ飬ÿһΣһȥϵʱ򣬾ͿԳԵһĻؿۡ
ûжԺȾѾ˺ܶǮʱĽԼ֮ǰŲõĹˣԺ󣬷ûʲô⣬ֺϸ˿ĵ鱨棬ķ֮ǰȱٵһʵǮ֪ʲôʱڲ֪ˡ
ֺÿ˭ǮˣǣҲԼôһЩ֣ôһʵǮôôˡ
飬ûи߱ˣ仰Ժ΢΢סһ£ҡҡԴ
ÿһνҵ飬Ҵûи߹ˣôˣֺ˵Լ̫ˣҲûмһЩʲô
ܿ죬һ˽ϣһһͻȻҪȥӲһ£֪Ժ󣬼Ҵҵ˹ҵһ
һҪһȥӲһ½ӵ
һûмôĻһҪԼһȥȻôһЩɻȴҲûжһЩʲôԥͬˡ
Ҫһһȥɣ
ãΪԼҪ˵Ҫúܳһʱ䣬ȴû뵽ôף˺һӦԼԺ󣬱ٵĻص칫ʰһ¡
Ƕ֮ǰ鹢ڻ֪ԼĲϲǺܺãһһʲô⣬ֱӸֺʱ϶ҵԼ
Լֻиźһһ𣬲ֹܹһеķǣһȴȫ֪һЩʲô
뿪Ժ󣬹˾ܶ˶˺һΪʲôͬ⣬һȴûлشǡ




381 
 

ܿ죬һ뿪˹˾һ·˵˵ЦЦҪʵӲĵطһݸһȫñ
ϣ߻һЩΣաȻһ뵽ΪԼİȫԥͬˡ
ȴԺ󣬺һŽȫñĴȥȻ˽ȥ
һΧŹתһȦԺûзʲô⣬ǣͻȻֺĵط⣬ϸĿ˿
ȸһֱĵ·һЩʲô˶ûɡ
ͻȻһͻȻע⵽ǽƤЩĵط˹ȥһ£ǽƤһӵ˺ܶࡣ
ȿԺ󣬸Ͻڲһ䣬һΪ̫ڸԲŻ
һȵĻԺ󣬲ûȫţϸϸ˺öطȻûȫ䣬ǣǾǽƤһЩԾ
˿һԵȣһ䣬֪֪ڽǲ˭ܵģ
һԼûӲĻ»ء
˺һԺ΢΢סһ£ԼƽһЩԺ󣬲ſ˵
Ҳ֪ҾӦòǲŵ⡣һȺĻش𣬱Լ˵Ҳûʲôá
ˣǻȥɣһ黹ǻȥֺһһ¡
áȲҼһЩʲôԼ˵̫Ժ󣬻ᱩ¶һЩʲô
Ȼص˹˾Ժһֱźһһ˿ȣЩͷ˵һ䡣
ȣȥɣѾûʲôˡ˺һ仰뿪ˡ
һ뿪ˣͼҴҵȥֺ
ֺ˺һʵؿԺҲ̲ס˼䡣
һǲǷһЩʲôԵ²ֺúһ֮ڻԼһʲô⡣
ֺĻ˵Ժ󣬺һĵ˵Դһӿʵ
ֺ֪֪Ǹ̵Ľ˭ҵ𣿡һ˵ʱϵıʮֵࡣ
ֺЩɻоһǷһЩʲôȻһӡ
ǲȥֳʱˣǡ
һֺ֪ÿ춼æĹûлȥ
ҷַӵǽкܴ⣬һǽĲû֮ġ
ţ֪ˣһ鵽ô£ȥɣ
ֺ˵Ժ󣬺һ׼뿪ˣǣʱͻȻŵ˽
ܣ²ˣŵӣֺ̲סüͷ
㷢ʲô飿ΪʲôôţʲôĻ˵ɡ
ֺЩͻȻʶԼղ̫ˡ
Ǹܣ㿴һ΢ϵĵһĻԺֺͺһһ΢
һǽƤ飬عϵӣӵͼƬþµһ鷿
ֺԺ̲סüͷһҲע⵽±һѵĲȫ֪Ӧô졣
Ӧô죬ͷһӰǵķԺȥһڽеķӶܺһţų׵׵ӰԼ˾﷿ӵĳۡ
ֺһֱһԲϿκεı飬ҲӲ֪һЩʲô
ܣҪһķʽһ²ſԡ
ʵһһ㷢֣ܾͲôˡ
ȥһµʲô⡣ֺ˵ſ˿һԵĺһ
ǣһӦԺ㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˣϾǲɻ
һ뿪ԺһӲ֪ӦһЩʲôվһԵȴֺ
ǾȥϢɢ˾ֺһЩ⡣
ܣӣͰ˾ŪĻ̵̻ġ
ǰܷʲô飬ֺǻԼǿѹȥһη̬ȣһӺŲ
ҾҪù˾Ļ̵̻ģͱйϵĻô˾Ǹһ©š
ֺĽԺһӷӦ˹Ŀ˵һ䡣ǣھȥ
뿪Ժֺ˿һ΢ԽԽ˼ˡ
һֱԼȻҵĲϲǺܺãǣҲӦóӵ⡣
һ˻ص˰칫һֱڷԱӣһЩǡ
ܿ˾˶֪ˣĽϳ⣬һӱĻ̵̻ġ
֪Ժһӻٵĵ㿪΢
ľǴҶ۵΢Сĵ㿪΢ۻ϶ǲõۡ
Ⱥ鵽ԼϵĻҲǸء
һ뵽ЩԺֺԼ˳ôԼ군ˡ




382 ϴ
 

һڰ칫ĲɣϢڵԼ˵ıֱ᲻롣
Ҫȥһ˽˵ԼܻһЩ
ǣѵڹ˾Ҳûм˺ԼĹϵܺãһ뵽ЩԴһЩʹ
˼ȥȾԸ˵һ£Ȼ˵ĹϵҲرĺãǣȾԼ
뵽ЩȴԼİ칫˳ոճһ˹ˡ
ȣ֪֪ǵĲһˣ
˵ĻװʲôҲ֪ӣ˿ҡҡԴ
Ҳֻ֪һЩ飬һ˵˵ˣͷҲص뿪ˡ
ǣǸ˿뿪ˣôһ㲻ģıӰ˵ȣ֮ǰĲϵ飬žǽˣӣйϵɣ
˵Ļ΢΢סһ£ȴûͣһ뿪ˡ
ҽԺһοˣüӣһʲô顣
һæйһ߿ȣѯʵȣһεһЩʲôѽ
仰Ǹĵԭе뷨һЩˡ
һԭס˺ܳһʱ䣬ڻǿ˵һ䣬ǸһЩ飬Ҫ˵һ¡ʱ𣿡
Ļ֣ϾȺٻ˵Լ֮ġ
˵ʲô˵ɡҿԸһЩʵĽ顣
ż湤Ĳ̲ס˵һ䡣
֮ǰŲ˹˾ǮȻΪ˳뾡˸ְ취
ȵĻüͷ鲻򵥣ǣԼֲǺ˽һӲ֪ӦôԼļ⡣
ʵҾûа취ۣϾԼҲǺ
˵һ룬ͣżܹԼ˵һЩȴû뵽ȻȫûҪԼ˼
˿û̧ͷԼļ磬ȫ֪һЩʲôо˺ܳһʱ䣬ڻǿ˵˳
ڣȻԼ֮ǰ飬ǣûа취ڵˡ
һ뵽Լ֮ǰ΢ӰʮֵĴȫ֪ԼӦôĸܡ
ȵĻǲΪʲôӣҲ֪ĸܵʲô
ûоĲԣ
ﶼĲԣ֮ǰĴûϣҪһֲһԽԽ⡣
ȳԼĴ󣬼ŷеĹʮĿ˵
ȻѾ֪ԼˣôͿһе黹üġ
һ仰Ȳ֪鵽ü̲סüͷ
ǡʶԼĴ󣬻᲻Ѿˣȵ⣬ҡҡԼԴ
ᣬֻҪԸԼĴһ뵽һԽİ취
Ⱥͼ˺ܳһʱ䣬ȵҲ»ǷȱľֻʣһЩ
磬лл˵ôĻҵһ࣬úõĹɣ
˵ˣ缱ҴҵĿ˵һ䣬ȣѾһˣҪһӦõΡ
֪ˣлл㣡ȴӦˣ㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
˼˵һѵĻһ·鶼ܺá
˹˾ֱֺİ칫ֺȽˣΪͻȻ飬ȫûʱĴ
ȿæµӣļ˵öԣЩԼһͱҪڳϡ
ֺһЩҪ㡣
˵ɣֺæеĹԴû̧
Ǹǽ⣬ʵϺйϵֺ仰һӽԼеıʷϣһı顣
ô£
֮ǰŲ˹˾ĹΪͻȻ飬Щ£һЩͼ۵ĽϣȡмĲۡ
ȽԼΪ˵ֺôһЩ𾪣˵һ䡣
ô覵ŮӣôЩ飬Ȼеʱ뷨Щƫһʧˡʱֺû뵽Ȼйϵ
ĻôһЩܣȴסˡ
ֺĲǹġ
û뵽ȻԽϵڲˣ顣ֺ˫ճȭͷ˵š




383 Χ
 

仰һֱʹԼԴʶԼĴ
ֺЩѹסϾôҪ飬Լôܾԭ
ȣ֪֪ر㣬ȴû뵽һҲûпǵ˾棬Ҿ㲻ʺϼ﹤ˡ
ֺĻʶԼҪԭ²ûôףΪһ飬ֺԼ뿪˾
ңѾ˷ɣԼѾô飬ֺȫȫԽԼ͵֡
ֺĲǹģԺ֤ˣܹܲ¸һλ᣿
ֺȵĻ˿û뵽Լ֮ǰôϤһˣʲôʱӡ
ԣϣҿԭֵõģϾ˽ʹù˾Ǯ¿ǷͬСɡ
ȻѾԼõ©ˣǣ˾ΣѾֺ㹻ͷöˡ
лл㣬ֺֺ׼ԭԼʱ泩ˣǣֺĻһӲ֪Ӧô졣
ȻŲù˾ǮƵ飬ҿԺԲƣǹڽϵ⣬ҿҪ͵֣ſԽ⡣
ֺҪԼ͵һӻˣӨˮ̲ס˳
ֺĲǹģյϣɲԭң
ֺȵĻ΢΢סһᣬôһЩԥ
ȿֺ̬ȲǺܼԼվ̲סҪΪԼһЩᡣ
ֺһε飬ѾʶԼĴҲҪȥľ֣Ұɣ
뵽ȥˣԼԺѣ͸ûа취ˡﺦ¼ˣǲûʲô취ֺֻܿ
ãҿԲƽϣЩ飬ҿ϶㸶һЩۡ
ֺԼȥˣһȻˣҵһӷ
ȴҲһЩֺӦô˽½һ顣
ֺ׼ôҽ飿ȵŸһֺ΢΢סˡ
ϾҲֻһ˵лûõӦôȲŸһ⣬칫һӰ
ֺû뵽һԽİ취ͻȻʱ򼱴Ҵҵ˽
һԣҲһ˼ҲûУɵĿڡ
ܣ¥һѵˣϣԳһ͡
ֺ仰̲סüͷ˺ܾãûп˵
һԵĻԾĿ˵һ䡣
¥ֺĶʲôˣȵ⣬ûлشֻǿ˿һԵֺֺͬˣŻش⡣
¥¶ǩһסǣ΢ϿǸϢһ¥¡
Ŷ֪ΪԼȻһ仰Ҳû˵
ֺһվشϣ¥ҵһЩģȴҲ֪ûа취ӱܵġ
ת˿վԱߵȣ˵һ䣬ȣȻذ칫úõĹûʲôͲҪˡ
ֺĻ֪ΪԼůůģᶨĵ˵Դ
õģ֪ˣİɣ˵ˣҲûж˵һ仰Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
뿪ˣ칫ֻʣֺˣʱЩ
ܣ±ôˣñǸϳȥǣֺ֪һǲԽǸߡ
ȻԼزԺͲԼķҲûа취ȥˡ
ȥһǰɣֺ˵ˣʹ׳ȥˡ
ĸϱߣ˵ǵĿ˵һ䣬ܣȥǻ᲻˺㣿ֺĬţû˵һ仰һӷӦ˹Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
ܣġȥţܵκε˺
ֺ뿪ˣһ΢΢Ĺȴκεı顣
¥ˣ¥µЩ˺ǿʳһһҪȺУΪʱ϶ᷢһЩʲô
ˣôһЩȣͻȻǲʲô
ǿ㽫ſڱãһҪĻһı鿴ĵ˵ͷ鰲źԺ󣬱㼱Ҵҵ׼ȥֺȴڻûпֺʱ˺һ
һŵӣֱʮ𼱣̲סüĿ˵һ䣬ôҴҵȥ




384 
 

һĻŸһ˵꣬˺һ˵ĻͣԼĲס˺ܳһʱ䡣
ԭӦøߺһ飬ֺһܲõŷǳҪּλãһʱ侹Щԥ
Ҫȥܲû㱨һ¹˵
ʲô飿һʣһڰ칫﹤ʱ򣬾±ΪһЩģԲ
˾ſڲһ֮ǰǹ˾ӵˣҪǵܸһͣȻͬˣҰźñʩһ
һһʮһʵ飬һһЩֺ᲻ʲôΣգǱ̲ס
ȻҪȥҽһ£ôһȥɣϾӵҲһĹϵ
һһֱԼһȥලʩĻҲͲᷢ
˺һĻЩΪѣ֪Ӧôش𣬾˺ܳһʱԺſ˵
һҿûа취ҪһȥĻ㻹ȥɡ
ãһֺΪѣҲΪѣԥĴӦһ¥ϡ
ܻվԭһģһһ
ҰŵѾźˣڱѾʩãȥЩͻǽ
˵ˣֺûмŻӦǿĺһ
һôһǲʲôҪ˵
һֺ΢΢סһЩĿ
Ȼ׼ȥǽͣӦôӦôһȥ顣
ֺһĻ̲סüͷ
㲻Ҫ̫ڵģЩһǺɣǷģȥɣ
һֺĻûȻϾһεǷǳģ켺֮ȫԽ
ȻֺƽǸ㣬һľˡ
УҲҪȥһ£ԷʲôΣա
ֺԼͺһ˵ʲô˷ѿ࣬ԼҴҵȥˡ
ֺ뿪ıӰһһЩǵģȫûа취
Զ˲ÿһ·˿ǰĺһ̽ԵĿڡ
㲻̫ڵܣһԭ򡣡
һû˵ʱѾת뿪ˡ
ֺոճ¥£Щûͺӿ˹Ⱥв֪˭ͻȻ˵һ䡣
ܣ΢ϵͷţϣԸһĽ͡
ԺҲ壬ֳһӱġ
Ұһ£΢Ϸ飬ҳȷʵģҲֻҸ˹
ֺ׿ڳˣЩ˲ƵĿһ䡣
ܣҾôǮӦòҪʵĽΪ췿ļǮɡ
ֺ仰ϵıûһ仯һ£ϳŵĻش⡣
ʵĽϲģΪʲôʵĽϣһµһ׼ȷĴ𸴡
Щǵһӣ飬ЩҲǵһֺĻûмš
˵㲻֪ҾôĹ˾ûû˸ȥɡ
ֺû뵽˾ȻһֱץԼţԼһЩģüͷ
ҶҪĻһᾡҴ𸴵ģҿʱعע΢
ֺ˵㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˣЩԼٶ˵һЩʲôûõġ
סǿֺ׼ٶ˵һЩʲôʱһӿ˽ôһӱ˹סȥ·
ӣֺһӳĿ˵һ䡣
߽һȫȨҵĹ˾ڷӵһǴ𸴡
ֺ˵ˣղŴ˷׷׵һ棬ֺܿʧ˴ҵǰ
ص칫ңһû̽빤״̬һֱע¥µֺЩ뿪˺һ֪òǺ˳ǳǡ
Լڰ칫ҷܳһʱԺͻȻ˽
ȣôˣһЩ졣
һ˾ˣ취һ¹˾ΣȵһôżһЩ֣ȴǴӦˡ
ȫԷģô˵ֺҲҵɷ򣬷ʲô⣬ҶӦúͬԵġ




385 
 

һĻȽԼһӷ˶ԼûбҪˡ
ղЩסڱӦˣһֱ˵ĻЩûһŵģϣһõİ취
һ仰ЦЦԼֺγģǺõôһС
ȥɣ˾ﻹһѵҪȥȫҪٲЩˡ
仰ԺҲٶ˵һЩʲôת뿪ˡ
칫һʣºһһˣôҲȲ
һԼҲҪֺڵ⣬ԥ˺ܳһʱ䣬ͻȻԼȥ
ھưһ֪ܶ飬֪ΰԼڵ⡣
뵽Щһûиκһ˴к̼Ҵҵһ뿪˹˾
ոմӹ˾һͻȻʶԼ̫ڼˣûи绰ȥ
ȻԼÿβʲô鶼ҵλȴһֱƮ
һһ˵³˵绰˺ܳһʱû˽
ÿæʲôǵ³źŲá
㽫ֻ˶ųӼҴҵ뿪˹˾һڴϻ˺ܳһʱ䣬ֻû
ںһԼϵʱֻͻȻһԥĽͨˡ
ιһͻȻҴ绰ǲһЩʲô飿
һһֻҪûʲôͲϵԼֺԼҲǺܷС
ţȷʵһЩҪȥæпҿȥ㡣
Уҿľư֪ҪҾɡ
ãһ˵Ժ㼱Ҵҵعҵ˵绰ٵĽӵһԴ
һԼľưɣŵƹ貵ľưɣȴǸ塣
һ˺ԥĽȥˣưɵķԱ˺һĳԺ̬ҲʮֵĹ
ãС㡣ưǲ׼ϰ壿
ǣ֪֪һ֪ưȻǺܴ󣬿һȴҪһЩ
ԱһĻָָ¥һİ䣬˵
ϰһǸҪĻȥɡ
һûü˵һлл㼱Ҵҵȥˡ
Ŵ򿪵ôһ˲䣬һ˵ˡ
ˣ
ţһӦԺһǺԶλ
һҪһЩ飬˳æһո˵仰ͺ֪Ŀģֱӿ˵˳
Ҫֺ˾Ľʵô£Ҿú֮ǰ˾²Ʒй¶ȥһĹϵ
һֱ˵ˣԼҪԭһЩȣ϶֪ġ
ɲԸЩ鵽Ӧôܹ
һ飬ֻҪҵĻʹ˱ԺܿĽ鵽˭ģԼȫûͷ
һãӣļ򣬿˵
飬ʵ㲻̫ڵģҪֺһԽӭжġ
ǣҲҪֺһЩ˾顣һһγΪԼһõ⡣
飬ֻҪҵĻʹ֮Ϳӭж⡣˵ţִĺһھơ
һӣһЩɣ˵Ļǲġ
ûкԵһеĲţ˵һ䡣
֮ǰ˾²ƷУ˽һЩ飬ȻҲ֪ô£ǣѾз
һû뵽ֺÿԾưɣȴܹ֪ô飬һЩȴҲԼҶˡ
ܸܲӦ˭飿
⣬ֻЦЦϸ룬ֻһûôὫ鷢΢ϣ϶ȥ˾ֺŶԣ˵׼̵ô
һӣϸøеһС͵û⣬϶Ҫʱõôƻ˾
ʲô֪ӣһһһЩʲô֤ݡ
ǲʲô֤ݣѾ֪Ļʹ˭
仰ЦЦ˿һŲһĻʹ˭飬ú˭йϵ
һ⣬ĳ˼˺ܳʱ䶼ûнҡҡԴ
Ļһε˵һ䣬Ļʹܾߡ




386 
 

仰һԼߵ˶ʮֵȫ顣
ӦòᡭһȻ˵ʮûеǣԼջ˵˳
˺ܳһʱ䣬һһЩӣ֪˵ĻĻǼٵġ
ǣһǰӦ˵滰ǵ˭ֺһȫ벻
˿ǰ˵:֪Ǹ˵˭ɲԸң
⣬ҲֻҡҡԴһĻҲû˵
˾ֺŪͷ۵Ժһڰ칫ԼӦôЩסһĽ͡
ԽоԽԽ꣬ȴһͷҲûС
ʱֺԼȫȥҺһúõһ£ӦһԽİ취
ǣֺһЩúһΪ˾ģǣһ˾˺ܾԺȴ黹Ҫһ̽һ¡
뿪Լİ칫ңӲͷƤ˺һİ칫ҡ
ǵԼһ칫յģҲʮ룬һӱúһһˡ
պúһŵԱ·ֺǲŵһˡ
ʲôʱһǸֺԺ˼Ƭ̡
ܣҴһСʱ֮ǰһǸʱ뿪ûжãһͲˡ
ֺ𸴣ԺҲûмһЩʲôúһȥˡ
ͣȵİ칫ֻһڹո׼תʱͻȻ
ֺҪȥ
ȥҺһûмԺҡҡԴոҪһֺ鴦ôˣǣȴѾ뿪ˡ
ֺұ˾ûзֺһһε뿪˹˾
һ˰칫֮ǰ˸ԼصĶλٵĽһֻȥ
ûмӺһλþͳ˵ϣֺǸϤľư֣üͷһ
һЩ⣬ΪʲôһҪͷȥưɡ
һΣԼȥưɵʱûзһЩʲôһΣֺûиһ绰
ֺո׼뿪˾ʱͻȻ˳Ŀ˵һ䡣
ܹ˾ΪǼѾõĻ̻̣ȥʱҲҪעⰲȫ˵ЩסǻһЩʲô顣
ֺ֪˵ЩΪԼûΪ˵Ļе
ȻӣҰһӰɡ
ôżӣһʲô򵥵飬̲סĶһ䡣
ܣ㼱ʲô
ȥҺһ㡣ֺͷ֮˿Ҳҵ˼ӣֺȥưɵĳӡ
ոսưɣһԱͽֺֺ˵Լˡ
ԱҪ˵Щʲôԥһ֮ûпڣۿֺ˶¥
ڷˣȫûʶ¥ĽŲ
һֺһȵӿ
ֺôͻȻˣ
ҿ϶Ҫһҵǰ°ҪȥһЩʲô𣿡
һֺĻ֪ˣסԼеĿڽ͵
ҺûʲôֻһЩ⣬ڹ˾⡣
źһᶨֺ֪˵ÿһ仰ģһ뵽ԼӲϰһˣоЩ
һ˾飬Ҫ˰æ
ֺĻһһ仰Ҳûж˵ԹԵ˹ȥ
źһȥҲֻЦЦһĻҲû˵
ȻôϲȾƣôԼȰɣҪҵ뿪ˡ
ۿֺҪ뿪ˣһһ뵽ԼûôһЩģ˿Զ
ܸܲҵ˭ڰҪݺֺ
ôֺ仰ԺʮֵĿ˵һ䡣
ҵŮˣСһЩҪ⡣򣬡
һֺ֪ˣҲٶ˵һЩʲôֺԼ뿪ˣոϣһ̲סһ䡣
ֺ׼ȥѽ
ؼңܲİ˵ľưţҹ˾Ѿ°ˣ㲻Ҫȥˡ
ֺĻһһԵڽ䣬ԶԶĿŴⲻ֪ʲô
ϼŵľôǰԪϼԱڹ˾ֺҲ޼ţЩֹŵս˥ֺＱ鼸ζ޽˽̽




387 
 

͸شս칫ңϸձˮƴϻЩˮ̫޷⣬ֱֺϣüͷɫ䵭Ϊ˾ѹ̫ˣ˽̽һоͽˡ
ˡ

С´һİ˽ֺ̧ͷһδȵ鿪ھʾȥԼ˰칫š
Σֺ˽̽ʵȲҪ֪ˡ
˽̽ӿڴóһֻ¼ʽֺ֪Ķ档
ãĻӦѾˣȥɡ
˽̽һ˻ʶȤ뿪ˡ
βƷй¶Ʒܹõʲô
㲻һ۵Աˣõϰİſ϶ͷء
ãڽϣǺǿɶԼġ
¼ʽЩĻֺ˫ɺ죬ȭͷգôû뵽շҹѷȻԼԱὫڽ־棬ҲǳصģȻЩ˵飬ôӦøӦĴۡ
С£֪ý绰һҪ¼ĶԻųȥֺپĴ֮ǰ̫ˡ
ýڵõϢ׷ȱһӱѣϼôĿע˺ܶ࣬ڳ¹ʵʱ˳ɣףҲƽˡ
ʽⲻĨڣҲʩԱˣھú϶ʧΪߵڲԱ鿪ʼõķչ
ϼԪָ˾Ȳֺڹ˾˺ͻ˸˼ھӪ˾ϣҲǺʱ䣬ںһǺչ˵ġ
һ㣬һԸϣֺܺһǰȿ˺þòžţ˽֪ԼǷ˶Ĵ󣬲ɶ
ðһˬĻظȵھôҲˣܹȳΪá
һױֺˣ⻹һκƽ͵һԷ
һ㣬ֺˡк£ĵϲԵķˣϾһڸ˿ζϲ⣬ȻǼǵúģҲǵһǲڼһԵһٷ
ȣллǳԷѽһóݸȣֺҹ֣һΪѡģϣܹϲ
ȽӹﾹЩ֪룬ȦﺬỨԲ𰡣һ㣬ֺ֮ǰ˺ǵ飬ǻܹԭҡ
û£ȥˡ
ֺദ˺ܾõһʱ䣬ĺãûлɹ˵õӦеĳͷҲٹ׷
ҲһʱͿȻĻʱɱ˫ۣǷһǸԲ𰡡һ̬ϣᶨ
ˣҲǱƭȲҪԭˡһ߹ȥȵ֣ͼο
ãԺǾѡͻȻԭ˵仰ô򵥵飬ǰΪֺͺһҲڮٹ飬ֺʼϲĶǺһ
ںһ뿪ֺǶʱڣֺߣҲһÿֵʱ⣬ʱǨԼϲ˭¶ִֺˡ
ðҲףֺӣ˾¡ȿźһֺɪദģʽԵķף
һֺôǵĶҲҵˣҷǼһ£ҾͰˡȾԼʱʼԼˣҲӦó˳һֺļͥ
ȣȻҵԼµסլǾͲǿˣԺʱ侭氡ǳԷɣȻһ᷹˾ˡֺǹһĨ˾Ļȣϲɿ飬ǽ쿴Ⱥͺһܹƽ͵һԷҲĵ׸ˡ
˵ЦĸԷϲĲȣںһֺԾͬһ㣬ڳԷҲ֪ȶԼ⣬һͣȥ⣬ϾܾȴһƬ
Թ緹󣬺һֺؼˣȶ̳漾ĪѡߣһϲӵѡߵʱҲǳڴĵ׼͸ĪۻԱƽһָߡ
ȱ߳еʱڴҸ飬뵽ۻԱ˵кӶϲָߵĻȼӿ˽Ų




388 ʺ
 

Ī仹СһڼҼ϶ǲĵģؿڵỊ̇ĪͰ治һȥƽﰢ̾չһ¼Īˡ
ŽȥͰ⺮˼ȥ˼Īķ䣬ҲԼȥˡ
Ī㿴ҸʲôˡȽеߵݸĪϸ
Ī̧ͷһۣȻ沿ûжı仯ԿĪ۽ǺЦ⡣
ҽָߣһɡĪͬ򿪴ڵ̺ˣ
ĪȻǱȽϤģҲôȽָߺܵüĪϲһƴţ˵϶ȴûֹͣ
ʱƴлȥ°һʱϻؼУһ򿪷ͿſڵϺͼĪˣĳվſڿ˺һûоȱˣǰᣬͬĪߵԵúᡣ
ȣʲôʱģ΢Цȣɵʵ
Թ緹һ͹ˣڼҲģ㼾Ī档˳ĺڷɢڼͷջŵױһµĸо
翴öߡĪƴպõ߾翴⣬۾ڴرϲԱ֢֢˼ĪţаѼ統ˡÿһο޼ĪĵĲˡ
ǵļĪ༾Īͷ۳硣
԰ĪܰġҲſ޵
˰ɣҴȥɡһѱĪƽһ׼ñӣϵǼĪܾ˴ñӣѡһױȽ޵·
ȺͼĪһ¿ĲĪʶս֣Ȼﺦµһûеͷ
˺һһһһõͣʱʱп˹Լ˵ҸӵôƯ̫̫ͿɰĶӡͼ޹Ҳٽͣ΢Цܱ˵Ŀޡ
ĪһҲˣԹĪ˯ˣ§żĪڸʻϣõѬĴȾƢζʱʱ磬Ҳʱʱȣȿˡ
磬֪ĪĵܵܣĶӣģϲͬʱҲϣԺܹлһչ˼Ī˵⻰ͨ죬ڹ߲ĳڿĲԡ
Щˣβſ˵ȣĸлܹܼĪҶӵ飬ΪԼӶĪҶӵʵͬʱҲǿȼĪСͺҸ磬һֱҵһĲҲ̹ȻˣԺָ̡
תͷסȣһ˲Ȼǵһ̸ˣǴ˿ȴĸ
һֺԽԽãһӪŹ˾һڹ˾ﲻϴæһֺóգ֤ÿֺؼҾһʢȣӶǿ˺үϵܣ¸ӻϺͼﶼֳһû档
ԷȥԺ󣬼Ƚͻ˼ңصԼҽĪúúȴ˽Сʱĵ绰˵˺ܶܶ࣬ҲҪʲôҵֵεһ롣
õʱȻ٣ȽԽ߽ĵã鵱켾ĪԼϢĴ¹óԼСװӧΪ䡣ʢ󣬼Ī䣬΢Ц򼾷磬ô˶ĵطˡ
һ󣬺һֺҲӭԼıСĵֺܲʱҲֲͺһһѧϰγΪһõĸĸСڳļͥɳ
ãǺȻļ񾭲ҽԺģ
ǵġڼҺ屦ĺһӵҽԺ绰һЩæչ˱ûô绰ȥҽԺѯõ
ϲȻС㲡ָĺֹۣĿǰѾתԺˣʲôʱʱ͹ȥɡʿϲӻͲ
õģõģȥ
һҶϵ绰ͺֺȥӭõĻö겻⼤ӶźȻһһ·ͺȻ˵˺ö໰
ȻˣҽԺЩίˣȻȥһζȸԡһźȻϸ۵˵
ðþûķҲ֪ΡȻȤҪǲóҿɲŶ
ȷʵóһʱû³ˣԴӱоϡһ˼ͷ̫òҲұ֤ĲΡ




389 صĴ
 

㣬бˣ̫ˣСˣ̫ˡȻ֪Ϣ˵Ĳˡ
㿴һʱ˶ˣһؼҪúñ
ֺ͸ӿȻͺһ˵ЦģԼҲ¶΢Цƽ̹Ĵ·ʻһ˾ؼˡ
º󣬺һĵܵܺһȥѵۭܵܺ˹
һ棬ֺ͸һݴ񣬱Ͼô겻ڻԼСӣȻҪֺòС
ǺۭԥˣֺȻ뷨ôˣۭϲ𣿡
ϾһǦʣۭСôϲ
ֻۭҡҡͷ˵ܹ鶼Ǻǵȭȭ⣬ô᲻ϲء
ۭĻżһ˫Ͼֺöмֲ˼ֺæݵĵͷͣǣۭ˵ǡ
ֺվһԲЩҪΪۭƽкãֺд죬û뵽ҲܹεԭĽ֪࣬μ˵ȥ
ֺۭ⻶ΪʲôʲôضɫÿԼ˵˻æһ˺һ
ֺ˵мΣֻ⺢ǲΪѣ˵ԼĿľͲ˻Ϣźۭ֣
Ϊ֮ǰСʱ飬ۭʼնֺмֺºмֵӡ
һķģο£ոպֻڸ׼һ㡣һЦŸƤûпɿѹͣһ̶ϻڵա
ֺվһмֲڣﻹкһ˵뵽Լ֮ǰͱˣòίʵЩѿ
һɲֺ飬ոۭҲڶ㵽Լ󣬲˭۸ԸıܵܣܹҪҪʲôġ
ֱֺվһߣϲҲ̾һԼ֮ǰǹȣѾͷ״̬αҪڹ˾۸
ںһĿο֮£ۭҲ˲٣ŲֺŲ˹ȥ͵ͽһ硱ǰеЩ
˫ֻźۭȴǲڸվһԵֺȣԼΧûֺȴǸۻ𣬿úò
ҪȥѰһ͵ĳֵ
ļأﻮһ⣬ֺеɢһ룬ȡ֮죬Ҽǵã¶ģκζûиߵ͹ֺ֮֡ѵǺֺһޣۭ˲ʱö˼֮С
ֺֺģ˵ּҰңҵʵ˷֮ˣֺŸϲߵңϳκλ֮տգֺóʲô
ֵܣֺֺʱеҲĿ˹һֺۣĥͷֺ˿̵Ѿͷȥ
ۭվֺǰĪֺǻϲںۭǰۭԣи׼һδΣҪǽĳ֮ġ
ֺмִ㵣ѵ˵׼˱Ķ
ţͻȻֺԼһۣĿﾹмֲ벻ʣֺɻֺֻ˵ⶫ˵һֵǿɲΪҪúñţ㳤ɴˣԻá
ֺڵǰһҲûаϷʣȡ֮ȷǾ㵡
һ˵ķӦŻӺ棬ʲôŻӣ
һ룬ֺӻóһ龧Өͨ͸壬ԶԶŲУֻǺһȷǣԼͼСɾ£ɫ͸ôű֪ϡ䱦
ǼߵĺһҲδɫõ塣
ôôһֱϣֺмʡ
ֺûлػĿԾרעؿǰĺۭ㸸׵ģҰ㣬ܱ𣿡
ֺ˵ޱ棬ۭȻɶ˼ӣС˿ѷڳˣСС˶Ŵֺֿۺһĵ׶Լ飬˿ûиۭκλӦ
ۭվԭãҡҡͷǰֵ塣˫ְƣֵĶøֱۭҪ
ССżּᶨ۵ûаֶ󱦱Ĵѡ




390 Ҫ
 

ֺεĳ̾һ粻̽㣬£졪ĻߴţǶ뽫ֱӹںۭϣʾ˿Լûжġ
ֻǺۭȴһֱƾܣǿŻСͬҲľġ
ֺεؿǰСˣ̫Ҳһ˿յ顣
αΪ
վڱһֱû˵ֺ׻ǿ˿ڣֺĴ㵣ǰһùս
ֺһĶûдԼϣۭ
óȽֺֺۭΪ׽ֺȥʱۭ׻û̫ǿҵķ
ںۭļ֮ϣûһ򣬺ۭ˶˲١
Ҫ£ǰָ壬СۭѾǸСˣѾֺúñˣ˵Ҳǣ
Ȼۭ֪嵽кֺֺӶҪ֮£ۭô᲻μģֺ֣صԼǲǣۭȻҪնظǸСˣȻὫúñ棡
ְֵۭúñ
ۭɵģֺͷһ̾һۭķģֻҪһŵһҪػʱ򣬰ϣԶǵãûбСۭĶˣ
˵ֺۭڲϵ壬֮㣬ͷϸƲ
һվһ߽˵ΪֺֺǶ忴ʮҪҪӦּҴıֺֻۭϵøףôصʲ²ʣοֺǣʲô
һҡҡͷⶫϵۭٹأںۭߣ
ة𣿡
ǹ̵
һһվһߵֺٵõĵͷʾתȥš
Ȼվ⣬ļˣǵһȻ˵λǰһ𡣡
ֺװȻЩԸǰҵĲǣ⺢̫ϲһ±ʱ䣬ȥȥϷˡ
ֺ˵ͺҶв̣Ǵ˽ﻹһķ˵һȡ
̵̬ǻϲ˵ֺǰͷ·
˲ʱֻʣ˺һܶˣһƣ󼸲ߵۭ߶ϸһۭϵ壬˰Ҳûܿʲôãüʲôʣ
ۭҡҡͷûУֻ泩
һã˵ͷҲֺ˵ĸ飬ڻʲô˺˵
˵ţһͷȻ
㡪
һûмÿӡǾŮʮ˱䣬һϸɫԴӺλȻҲù˲١
һûǺȻݣ˳һ䣬˼ί㣬Ҫ뵽ּܵȥңҪţָһҪȥ㿩ǻһֽ
ûãû뵽Ȼͻؽ˹һʹͷû˵ֻǼһվһԵ˪ֻû뵽ֱӱܿԼĿ⡣
һЦκ̧ͷȻ˵ȥּ£Ρ
Ȼ˶٣˵ҵȻҽأ˫ֽźһ֣´ֺϼңܲܰһϣȻأ
ԭĿ
һǳһĨЦǵÿֺš
̬Ѿ룬ǺȻȴûаõ˼һӵĺһֻٶȻ̫ûζӦ˼ûȤ
û˵ΪֺͽĶףֺϲɣȻĻʵֱףһȴҪװûģҡҡͷʲô˼
ȻһĽͣǲϲҪ㶨ףϸϸȻﻹżּޣ
Цôм˲µֺ⡣
ȻҲɵӣһӶƿ˻ϻӣĵȻмֲǺܿͱ㣬ǲǶʲô᣿ȻܾãԳȻˡ˵ţȻۿѾ
һЦѾв׵ݼٳɳ꣬ػװӦ֡
һҡҡͷΪ͵ĺȻѾûҪƵ뵽δҪһʱ˼֡




391 ̽
 

վһ򴽣̧ͷ˺ȻòҪ룬Һʲôᣬһֱ۰áһ˵⻰ʱü۶˼֣һ̲ˮ
ȻǴģ֪ʲôʱӦʲô£˾ôϲһҲòװԼĻϲñźһҾ֪ϲҵģһӵúһü
ʵĽƿȻæ˳˪һֱϵĶźһ ȥ͸ܵܵģΪףؽǵĶʽףصܻܵع
Ȼݹ壬ͷŵͼɲǶ˵ФģʣΪ˴ʱҲЩ˼
һ˳ֽӹеЩתȻ˼ҶѾҪˣԼܵĻЩ˵ȥ
պܷȥ
ȻʣµĻû˵꣬ͿԼǰŮӣ·ǧ˿âһ㣬ôΣ黹ҪΪֺ𣿡
˵ⶫȥͦصģ˾˶˼û˵塣
ּ򵥵ʯֲֺԼǰѳ
Ȳ˵ģһЩҲ˵պһͰԼеŻȥ
ֶȻ˿ⴥģǸᣬȵȥݷһ£
˵һжûһֶһ޹ؽҪһ
ȻȻǲرϲŮһ߸ϵӣʲô鶼Ѿȷһ㡣
ⶫӪרΪǴģһ
ʣµĻȻҲû˵꣬Ů㿴ıӰݲɵúݺݵҧסȻסԼ֣ܰ˵Ҳûм˿
ǲô˵뵽ԭЩ飬һûа취Լ򵥵ķЩȻܹ˵ǾǸԼһʼûж
Ů˼ȻͿԶԼ֣ôʱҲδԭǸģȻ˵ڷЩ¶û˿˵ס
ʱίߣʼֱӶϾͷ
ʱգŮ˸ԼƴָԼ߻ʲô鷳Ϊܶ鶼ҪʼзڳӣҲû˵
˵Щ£ҲȺúõĿһԼ֮󵽵ҪôҿŮ˵Ǹͷûаȫ¡
ֺ֪ʲôʱߵԱߣ˵仰
˵ûм˿˵ף˵ȻôĹûʡ
һһ˲䲻ɵˣӦϷǱôרΪԼ˵£ѾҪǸ̬ȡ
Ѿ֮䲻رѺãû뵽ô࣬ûǼ仰˵ôԣ
ֺҲ˿֪ΪʲôСŮȻܹôһز˵ĺǱȽģҲûҪģɡ
֣֪СʱȻͿʼݺңȻڹѾٶ顭
ʣµĻû˵꣬һ־ͽͺڿһԼرĵһЩȻܹ˵̶ȣǼȻǼ仰Լ򵥵Ľ˵ġ
˵ˣǸŮ˱Щ飬Ҳûм˿ôһزΪЩô࣬ʼЩ治˵ס
Ҳգ֮ԼȥϷǱʽ㲻֪ǷǺ£ҾҪȥһ£
ֺʱĶΪ˺һǣԼǰŮһ޹ı飬ԼȻǶһ˿ĺ档
ȥҲδһ¶㵽ʱʲô飬𣿡
˵仰ֱЦһ£Լǰһ˲Ҳ֪ҪǺãЩȻܹ˵ǿ϶һЩҲرࡣ
ҪʲôȻǿԸ˵һµģҿûа취
仰һҲˣϾԼǲΪԼôģֻ΢˽һ֮ȻΪԼô
˵һʼѾˣĳЩ׼˷ųߵĸоô˵ڷ飬޷ǶǸԼһľҪ
һԼЩѾ˸ˣЩǲҪ֪ȽϺá




392 
 

˵ڷЩ¶˵ѾЩεļǵԼߣʱעԼǱ̬
ʲôʱʲôʱڱһ״Լ߸ûʲôԽ
Ϊ飬ԲŻʱʱ̵̿Լڼ⵶ϵģм˿԰Щ˵رأһвһĸܡ
ҵ۹ߵĹذԶ˵˵߾ߣҲǼ仰԰һ˸εƵԼڷ¶Ǹʲôأ
ֺԼǰŮһãȻǰߣбʲôһôĺӣȻܾάִ뱲ӡ
еͥҲǺڵƵģô˵СģҲûа취룬Ψһȥ޸ĺš
ͥеŮάԼճ̯
һô츳һɫŮӣǵȻܻ˵ʲôڱģʼȽãеĶûκεİ취
Ҫ뿪ҿΪһ·ȵõ˾ɷݾͿ˳·һֱǰߣĻͿط
ֺ˰컹ûס仰˵˳ԼǰŮһܵӣԼҪõĶָ
úһΪһЩܶƴǲĶǿûа취˵װס
ͱôˣʲô飬ҵȻҪͨԼһһֻģͨ߷ʲô飬ȻȥôƾԼĻһģ
˰һ΢Ļһ˲еôģ޷ǾҪͨԼԼһ·ѣ·֮󵽵Ҫôûмܹ˵ס
˵ˣͥԼ˸Ͳ٣Ȳ˵ԼǸãǸҲԼҪһһȥʰģϷҲûа취һֱ¶ϡ
Զ飬һȻǾܾģΪԼߵʲôҪټԼҪһЩȷЩûôĿ
Ҳ㵽ôģҿԸ˵ر淢Щ飬һεļǵԼһҪҰǾֱ˵
仰ֱһŵˣԼǰһᶨĿԼһҲһɻڿԼǲڿͬһŮأ
˵Щ飬Ӧð˳ˮǿֺԼǰһһǱĳһֶˡ
ûиܹԼŮˣױЩ˸ˮģԿһĿԼҪΪԼãһԼе鶼Ѿˡ
Ϊ滹һϷ˵Ļ˵һͻ뿪طͥ浽ʲôطֵԼȥϧأ
˵ڷչӣûмܹ˵ס
ֻԼһǧټƵҪĻм˿԰
һ仰΢΢Цһ£ͺǺԺǾޱ˲ʢһôĽȴޡ
ΣǷҵĶҶҪһһֻ
жޱȵĹִֺ˿Ů澿ʲôĥѣԼĸȥԼĵܵʱʼʡ
˶żǣŮƾԼŬһһĿ̽ϷʱֱȥĻǵȻһЩá
뿪Ļ龿Ҫȥûмܹôð϶
û߾Ҫȥ
ֺ죬ǰ仰˳ԼǰŮһֱᶨҪȥԼ飬оͺǱһʲôһԼʼһ飬Ҳûĸо
޷ǾΪڷЩ鳬ԼǸߣЩȻܹˣǶȻôġ
Ȼ̶ܹȣЩеôģе鶼òһ
ͱ˵ˣЩȻ̶ܹȣ޷ҲĶ˶ѿѣЩ˵̶ȣҲû˿˵ףԺ飬Ȱ㻹ԼúõĿһ£




393 ͬ
 

һʱ߰ԼͷͺԼЩ飬Щ˴ûпһЩȻ̶ܹȣܽģͲһʼ˵ô򵥵Ķ
˵ܱģЩ黹Ĳ˵ԼҪģжôеһһʵֵġ
Ȳ˵ȻǱߵ龿ʲôʱʼƻģԼ鶼һģΪЩż
ʼеⶼЩûжٵԼ˵Щ顣
һԼǰ飬ʣµЩһҲûж˵ô˵Щ˵ܲԼԼеһжҪ
ô˵Ҳû˿ֹ㣬Ͼڿϵӣʲôʹ󵨵ȥһֱ˸
仰ֱһɽǱ߻ԼˣһɵþЦһ£Щ˵ʲôȻǿԶõõЩ黹ΪԼŪ˼Ȩ
ȻҪһĻԼԥĳһѵϰ
Ȼ鶼Ѿ̶ȣǽڷЩ飬Ҳûм˿˵װ׵ģԺⷢĻôһҲĸ࣬ټڷЩ鶼ѾԼǸˣЩȻܹطǽĶɶǲ̫һ
ǰ߾ѾߵϷǸСԺ棬ЩҲֱ˵ŪǸزĻָں˵ġ
˵˸ǽжԿϾҪ˾Цӯӯļ̸Ĺʫ
ֶЩ˵޷ǾǹѧϵģֺΪһ鷨ңЩȻҲҪŵģԺЩ˽ʲôĻҲ˵ر
ô˵һЩѾһЩеǸˣȵڣʱЩȻܹŪףǾ͸Լʼһƻеĳͻ
Ѿ˹ȥˣö˻ôĥĥĹһ·Ҳ֪Щʲô
ϸһƼһ۾˲˸һ˿ϲĹâתȴֱѹȥ仰𱸣ʵǰһʾԼˡ
仰˵ģⲻһԼе͹ɱ˵Щ飡
ʣµ仰û˵ͿԼǰ̫Ϸ˺ǿԼϲĶһΡΡ֡
żղǸһϷˣͺǺܶûмһһȫǶŮ˵ĳ谮
ôʱҲ֪һǲˡ
ʣµ仰û˵꣬һֱӾͰѻ˹ȥҪѧϰЩ̿࣬Ҳ֪òôһᣬȻѧĸһЩ޷ǾЩ
һʱ仰˵˸ԱߵЩҲ֪ҪôͿ˼쵽̫Ϸ˵ǰ
ôһͬõĸо棬֮ĸоΪĺгֺǿʯͷֱصԼĶ档
ϢԼ׵Ļ񲻾ǰװ׵ĴԼ˼ĹϵǳãԼϹһ󳡡
˵һһʼʲô鶼ᷢĻ˵˻淢һͨƢȻ취Ů˴ߣû뵽ȴǿ˼һڵ״̬
ôһ״̬£ȥ𿪵Ļ񲻾һ̫Ϊ˵
ҺһûκһȶˣЩ˵Ļ˵رļ򵥣Ļ¿ûжܹ˵˽⡣
İɣʱڼסʱǾͿԺúõһ·Ķ
ϷʱȻûϵһһرϤԼɡ
ԱߵһҲʼһߵ棬еĶʼһһ
ȻʱץסԼ֣һԹ޵ĶԼǰĽ㣬ŮԼķͷ
ںһĶȰ̩Ϸ˸ãΨһԼһĻֻˣԺٷʲôĻҲȰжһ¡
̫Ϸ˶ںһҪ˵ǸȻرķϣһֱһû˵ΪһЩ͵ˣ۴ΪĲһ˿ĵǡ




394 
 

˵ôĿģе鶼ԷŵԼĶˣһΪ֮󻹻ܵ۸Ͼ
ֺʣµĻû˵꣬Щ涼˵ĿǺۭһֱǱӵģԵ£Ҳûмܹ仰˵رףģΪһЩ鷢ʲô˵µĻʼϡ
ټͥ飬ôĸ˵ôأϷ˲ɵбۿһۺһ˼ڶһ֪
ôһãȻӣڶǸո֪һڷЩ飬е鶼Щ̫һˣЩ֮Ҫô޷Ҳü˵װײźá
ҺһԼ֪ӣϷͿʼϲôһСˣԶҲô׵ķϡ
ͥ龹ȻмЩĴ˵ЩǲЩˣ
仰һ˵ͥѻһӾվ˳ֺ΢΢һЦ΢İڰ֡
˵ǲӦֵģҲǹغӺͶӵļͥЩһҪ΢һ¡
ֹϵ飬ûκһܹ˵𰸲ԵĵطϾ˼Щ߹̵ģҪʱ˵ʲôĻɾǸԼŪͨ
ڷЩ飬̫Ϸ˻һ仰˵ԼԱߵĺһеֲҲ΢΢ѹȥ
ֺ޷ǾǶЩĶѣ˵ˣôһĻԼҲŸĺôġ
ͥѾһղһˣȥĻ˵޷ǾǸԼ߳һ̬ȶѣҶڣЩ̶ȣҲ޷ǾԼҪôļ򵥡
ͱ˵Щھ֪˻صܷ֮һõĽܹҵһķӣ
˵仰һЩԺ˵۹ûκһ˱ѧٸˣǲô˵Ҳô򵥵ĸ
һ򵥵һǰɵõЦһ˾˵һƽǱߵ飬Ȼ̵
ֱӱס̫Ϸ˵ĸ첲˵Ҿڼĸ˵˵ֻ
仰ֱûë˿ҲϾڷЩûκһ˿˵ô
ЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǶһʼЩٶһϵЩҲȻܻЩȫķŵԼϡ
߾Ҫôûм˸˵СѾͷƬƫƫΪŪЩ£˵ǸóͷأӦøñأ
Ϸ˵仰ҲǻһĨ˪ԱߵЩҲһǸĸȴǼ
˹һ΢ʣȻĻҼǸСҲһĻۭǸطҲһġ
ȫվһӵĽǶȥǣ˶Щûʲô̫ĸпһüëȴ΢΢
ûе˵ʲôȴֺ˵ȻĻҲżǵҶӹƻûмɣǰʱҸովܾһΣҲûҪʱ˵ʲô
˼ҶѾȷľܾˣѼ˵ĻҲ˵ģ˵淢Щ飬ôģûмܹĸ˵
طȻǸ磬ܹ߹һҲһϵ
ϳҲ㲻ʲô⣬˵ѵ£ûмִܹ󷽷ġ
ҵ֪ĶȻˢ۵ĵطͥȻǸĵطڲͬ
Ϸ仰˲˼ʲô˼޷Ǿﰵ泰ǣ˵ûκһ涮ѡ
ҶˣЩŪĴһͷĻǾԲٷģڱģûмܹ˵ôȻˣ̶ȣûһЩ˵رס
Ϸ仰Ҳ̾˿˵ǲ֪˼ĻôҼҵͷ밲Ҳ龿ǲΧӦģ
ʣµ仰ȫͲö˵ڵЩҪŪʲôزû˿˵ס




395 
 

ǲΪ˵Ҳģ˵ֺѾǼĴģҲӦö˵Щɲô򵥵ľͿԽȥ
˵ˣÿ涼ǶΪĽţôڵ߾ֿʼ˵⡣
ʼ˵Щ飬˵ûмܹ˵ЩʲôǼȻܹ˵Ǿ˵Щ˵ȷӵġ
һжЩ鷢Ŀûмĸ࣬Ȼʼģܱʲôӣ˵Ҫô룿
ʵпܵĻҲһ¡
һ仰û˵꣬ͱԱߵ̫ѷֱס֣ǼЩ˾ûƢҲԼĵߵģûҪôȻԼһ
ܵôҲûй
Ϸڵ̬ȣǲԸԼǸ˵ĵȥֺһͥһ򵥵ҲĻ˵ǵʵ½ô
ĻΪǱʾ𣿻˵ʼԼѾʼӵˣǾԲܷġ
һлǸ⣬ԼһۣԼĪһǳʹһ㡣
ʱѾʼԼµЩʹ˼ɫԱߵԼķУʱ򻹳ۣѵԼе鲻ܱ˵
ټڱЩȻ̶ܹȣҲȻܹ˵ġ
ͥһЩϻҪܹһЩŪǺһǱǸѾ۸˺ܾõģ
̫ϷȻû˵ǶЩѾͷŵϣҪȻĻҲܻЩ鷳
վ˵Լ飬ֵõĲ֣뵽ҪڣѾԺѵ˸һ
ϳɾôһʲôĻԼֻǱЩȫŪһȥЩҲѾǵ鷳
ҿɲڵʲôҵĶԼȥһ
̩Ϸ˵ЩɫͱرѿȥһֺãĻ޷ǾΪǶҲŵġ
еʼԼûȻӦ£û뵽Ӧ֮󣬸ԼҲ鷳飬Ȼܹǿ϶ǸһЩ龭˺ܶࡣ
ͱ˵ЩˣеҲһЩ˿õģ
һЩ飬ȴһҲȻЩܹ˵̶ȣǿ϶ǸԼ߾һĹͨԼ߾ʲôҲûܹ˵
ϾշЩ£Щ˿ɶûԺҪô
ҲЩ˶ȥɣºһҺúõ྾ˣЩ˵
ʱЩ˿û뵽Լôһ˲ѾԼĸ׵Σ˵̶ȣҲû˿˵ˡ
ҪôҲû취Ը˵޷ǾڷЩҲѾһ鷳˶ѣ
ֺ߳Ű仰˵˳ԼǰǸһ֪ӣΪԼոϵӸܵһ˿Ĳֵ
־ٶûмܹ˵ټϺһôʴϻ۵ĺӣ汻Щ˺ݺݵĥһʱ䣬󻹲һʲô
ҲúۭʱһֱԼȥѧϰֶģҲҪ̳ܽʲôģҪľ˵Լʲôز
ô˵ڵôһٶİͥ˸̼ˣһֵ֮е鶼һҲЩȫԼ
Ȳ˵˼һʼӾѾǺúܶ࣬ڷչһЩЩһЩʼϲġ
һ߻ûκһĶ٣ڷչģЩ˲ܹ˵ѣ˵˼ұԼһЩʵģҲûмܹ˵ô
˵Լʲô̬ȵĻôģԼһʼǸٶһϵ
ͱôˣҪҵ˵ĻҲûǸͣϾѾ˺ܶˣҵ
ʣµЩֺû˵ǾԼڸ˵ЩĻҲڸԼⲻȥЩ¾ѾԼʱ̬ˡ




396 
 

ʱϢ˵Ļ˵Ҳô׽ܵġ
ȵȸ˵㵽ǶԺһһЩʲôô֮Ů͸ԭŲһĵطˡ
һʱʲô飬ЩһûκһԸ˵ó
ڿ̫ϷֱʳЩĪĻһĸоͺԼǸ飬ڵõһ֤ʵ
仰ɲֺܹ֮˵ģԼһʼЩ飬ѾԼҪЩһĸоˡ
Ҫ֪ĻΪβֱһŮأǱ߳ѧһЩ徭֮⣬ȻѧһЩǵĵ£Щһ̸ܽһЩʲôأ
ֱֺſھͻ˹ȥӺһѧЩĶһ޷ǾΪȽҲ֪Ҫô˵ǵʱЩܲԼǸ̶ȣŸԼһʼҪкܶĲࡣ
ѾԼһʲôûмԸȥΪǾԼʱЩ᲻һԺĻԼԺЩ᲻øࡣ
ҪҪôĻԼúõĿǿԼԺ󵽵ҪŪЩʲô飬ˣҪܰĲˣЩ˺ܿҲ֪ԼԺ󵽵ҪһЩʲô
仰ֱǰɫЩѿãʱˣЩȻ̶ܹȣںһ˵ҲǼ򵥵һ仰˵ģһʼЩ飬ЩѾԼӣûм˿˵ס
ԺҪĻЩһʲô̬ȣôģҲúúõ˵һ£Ϸ˼Ȼܹ仰ʳǿ϶ǸԼһʼЩ鳬һ뷨
ҪǼȻһֱҪΪҸһЩʲôĻͺúõԼʱʲô¶ѾˣЩҪܰЩ꣬Ҳ˵ô˰ɣ
ֺʵǣЩ˾ҪԼһѣҲûԼԺ󵽵Ҫô޷ǾǵշЩ飬һ˿ϵ
ڱӣԼûжһְĵĸо˵Щ˼ԼҪ˵һ¡
ͱ˵ôˣ˭֪һֱԼʱˣҪֻܰ꣬Ҳûм˸˵ЩʲôȻܹ˵̶ȣŪӿ϶ǸһЩ֮ϵģĻҲ̶ܻȣ
Щ˶ģҪ˵رļ򵥣ЩȻܹ˵ôĻôԼһʼ϶ûа취Լ򵥵İȥ
Ȼܹļ򵥣ôִ֮󣬵ҪôܰԼеάס
˵ҲһµսЩʼѾעĽˡ
Щûа취ô򵥵ɣԺûа취ĻЩ˵ǸǻҲûж
ܸһĺôĻôԼʼҲܹЩŪر
仰˵һʼѾ֪رģĻҲܻô򵥵ľͰϲӽ㣡
Ϸ˵仰ȴ˿ûһǾʱ˼ѾΪһɫˡ
˵ˣ˵̶ȣҲ϶ǸһЩһϵĻ龿ҪôЩôǵģҲûм˿˵ףȻܹ淢ˣҲ˵֮϶ЩЩ󲻵ģԲŻһɺϡ
ʱһĻЩҲܻ뵽ôļ򵥣ЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸԼһʼľٶеһϵĻҲܻԼʱʲô˲õĴһ
ҪǻĻôȷûжٱȽˣһʼΪȽǲŻͬúӸ㣬ʱʲô鶼û˵ĻΪʲôҪѡôһأȻ˵˵ǾԲܵģҲúúõĿһ£˵԰ɣ
仰ﻰⶼ˵鲻£ҼȻѾѺһطˣΪʲôڻҪ˵Ǽ档




397 
 

޷ǾҪʱһ£ڱɵǶûа취淴˼ôĻЩС֮Ķ֮ˡ
һ˵飬޷Ǿ˵Լе鲻رãҶˣȻܹӣǿ϶ǸԼһʼľٶһϵĻҲܻô࣬ΪЩܹЩ˵ѡ
ҲʱһЩʲôҪô򵥵ĻЩ˻һֱҧţ㲻ԸɿҪʲôûзҲͲ˵ʲôˣЩ˵ľٶǲŻһֱ£
һ仰û˵꣬ͿԼǰһ˲䣬ɫЩѿȻ̶ܹȣǽЩ⡣
϶ԼеĶ᲻һȻ̶ܹȣܱģǻȰеⶼıȽϺãжûа취ô򵥵Ūȥ
仰˵ģ޷ǾĺǶϿζѣ˵һҲҲ϶ˣҪܹȫĽĻ˵Ҳһʲô°ɣΪһӽ򵥲ˣ
Աߵһ˵仰ûеֺ˵ʲôһɫͿʼ˶ûзӦͿŮֱӾͶ׵˵ϣһ֪ı飬ֱĿ̫Ϸˡ
ĸֲ֮ǲʱôĻʣµΨһĻҲûˡ
仰ûае鶼˵꣬ԱЩ˿һ˲Ҳǲ֪Ҫô˵Ͼ˼Һòôһᣬ֣˵ĻȷһЩ˵ȥҪԼĻԼȥһϵĺ̨Ҳû˹㣬ֻ˼ҵѣΪʲôҪһ˵Ѿʲôˣ
Ȼһʲô鶼û˵Щ˶Ѿ˺ܶˣԱߵ˿Ҳһ仰Ҳ˵Ͼһ仰пܻǴֱӾͻȥҪҪĺõĻǱе㶼ܴ
ʱķôĻ˵ҲһõĻᡣ
ϾܹõˣҲرģܹŪر࣬Щ˵ԼһʼҪҲŸõӦꡣ
Ҫô˵ĻҲǷǵøŪһˡ
Ϸʱ˲еһûе˵ʲôһһѱһǰһ£Щ飬Щ̫Ծ
ǲ֪һʼǽ;ܵһЩ˵ӣҪǡ
һ˵仰˿ԼԱߵĺȻǸСŮǶı֣֪ԼȷŴģܹزԼһʼҪҲͲһܷܵľͻᳬ˸Ǹ顣
ҪԸôĻҲǲԸıЩ̶Ҳһʼô򵥵ģ
һ仰ĵľʹԼĵܵܶ棬ǸСֱӾ͹͵͵һӴ۵һ˳жϥлƽκһ˶̵ġ
ǿûκһ˵ԵĵطǾʵЩ࣬òôһɽȻҪ˷һԼĻҲǲģΪڷԼʱѡ
Ҫ治Ļֱ˵ˣҲûм˸ǿ㣬Ļ㣬ΪЩҪԼȥеģ
̫Ϸ˵仰ֱЩȫˣǵ۾棬ֻҪ˼˵仰ǰٷְپǲܳɹΪҪɹĻԻʼǣ˼һ仰Ҳû˵Щ˵̶ȣǾ˵
ԱߵĺȻһ˲Ҳһ仰Ҳ˵Ϊ鵽زЩ˵ôǵģҲûм˵ģôļ򵥣ЩȻܹչԼһʼҪǸزܲԼǸҲΪ
仰˵ĶĻˣѵһ˵ʲô˵˭֪ѹƽˣʱ˸˳ͫɲһҪˣ




398 ɿ
 

һЦе˵仰ڷЩԼȫĶ֪һʵЩﶼ涼ԼǰСŮһһġ
ҪȻĻƾϷǾԲܻ飬ڷЩĲ࣬Щ˲Լһʼжôӣʱ򵥵ĴӦˣòӦĻʱԼ˵ʲôҪ
ֺıҲǲԸ̵ǵģʱг˴ԼûжٺôĲ˵˵ǵһɧ
ͱ˵ЩˣЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸһЩϵշЩ飬ѾԼǸˣЩⶼǺܶ࣬ԼһֱŪЩ˵ѣ
ʣµЩһͲ˵ΪԼڷЩЩ̫һԲŻᵼԼǰ飬һʼǸߣЩȻ̶ܹȣǾԾǸԼʼǸˡ
ҿɲ֮󵽵ôģȻѾ˵̶ˣǽӣҲûм˿Ը˵ףԺҪԸŪϣԼԺúõĿһ£
һ仰Ȼûж˵˶ֻܿǶԼԱߵǸ˵ģ澿һʲôûκһ֪ǲô˵֮ϵõѾǰ϶ˡ
ڷѾЩ˵ǸٶЩȻܹӣԼе鶼᲻һġ
ҲѾ˵ˣҪĲĻԼͺúõĿһ£ˣеҲһʼôףЩȻ̶ܹȣϣԼͿԺúõԼΪʲô
ܹ仰˵꣬ͿԼǰɫӵѿͺԼʱʲô˵һЩȻ̶ܹȣ˵Ҫô˵ûмܹס
ҿɲڵ˵ʲô鶼ѾӣҪܹҽ͵ĻǶԼ˵ŻһõĻᣡ
ȻҧԼԼǰŮˣһ˲ССǱһԹһ
һʼΪԼֻҪ֮˹ϵôе鶼ᵽԼߣû뵽ڷЩ鶼Ĳһ
ɱ˵ôˣҶѾЩ˵ˣҪŪ׵ĻԼͿԺúõĿǿԼһʼΪʲôû飡
仰˵ĲˣѾԼǰǸɫӵѿͺԼЩȫ̫һѣⷢĲ࣬һ֪ԼʱһЩʲô
ҿɲеôģҪʲôĻȰûȰԼŪã治ûʲôˣȰǻ
ֺһ֮£һЩ˵ȷǴͷһЩѾĶˣͺһڹҧסԼİš
ǾԲô򵥵ģ׵ķģЩ飬ڽԼ淢ⶼһӵĸпԼѾôļ򵥵ģʱЩ˵ĲĻҪôҪô롣
ҿɲ쵽һЩʲôǶѾ˵̶ˣҪǲŪõĻԼͺúõĿҪôɣеܹӣǿ϶ǸԼûһϵ
ȻܹչڣǾԾǸԼһʼŸĲԵĵطȻܹô򵥣ǶԼҪ˵Щ϶رѡ
ϷʱҲֻԼĲ豭Ǳߣһ仰Ҳ˵ͺãԼʲô˵飬һֱڵԱЩ˰仰Լ˵
ҿɲеôģ˵ôļˣܰ˵ôˣҲֻ⼸Ҫһ̫ţһĻȰ㣬ʼԼȫã
Ȼʱһαһ£ΪһĸŮǾԲܻ飬ٷ3εġ
ʱһֱӱ˶ˡ
˵һʼЩҲ˰ɣҶѾ˵ôΣ㾹ȻһֱЩѵΪʲô˵˵ĻԼѵﲻ𣿡




399 Ӧ
 

ûе˷ӦͿŮ˱ֱĳԼ˹ͺԼһʼʲôرҪһȻ˵һڣôʲôҲûмܹЩȫ
ͱ˵ôˣѾЩȫĸ˵ˣҪܹĻԼڷЩҲԼһʼģҪܰ˵ĲĻԼҲ֪Լĵʲôλã
һֱӰ仰ˣȥԼǰЩˣһ˵ı飬һ˲һͺЩߵĶ㵽ֺ
Ѿ˵˶ٱˣҪ˵ЩѵͲ֪ԼһĿ𣿡
仰ֱԼǰЩһЩ棬ﵽˣܹ˵ĻǾԲԼһʼģô򵥵ģܹԼŪرЩ˹ҲԼҪĶʲôطֻҪ԰ŪرףҲ֪ҪôԼ
Щ˾涢źһҪһСʲôĻش𣬽û뵽һһۣȻһ˵
Ѿ˵𣬶ԴԼϲ˵ĻһҪԼƢҪܹãǽ϶ŸĲͬ
仰˵ֱԼǰ˼ӵ⣬Щ̶ȣҲԲԼһʼŪôס
ҿɲҪôܰ˵ҪΪڷЩ鳬һʼľٶҪǼȥĻҲûҪ㣬˵仰ֱҲԼһѵ鷳
ֺ仰Ҳ֪ʲôʱ𣬵һǶߵתѾԼǰǸˣһĴԼһһǰ߹ȥ
ͺǰеģ죬˾ͻΪԼŸɸɾһһǲ֪ԼΪʲôĪֵڷЩѾԼһʼǸ̬ȡ
Ҳ֮󵽵ôģѾ˵ôˣҪܹĻϣԱһӡ
ʣµ仰һû˵ΪڷЩ鳬ԼһʼǸߣЩȻܹ˵̶ȣǾԲԼһʼҪô򵥵ġ
仰˵ģϹˣԺʲôҲܱĻҪʲôأеʼѾȷеĹϵҪǵڣҲѡͬĵ·
仰˵꣬һۺ˲ʲôһĶԼһʼźúõѧȻܵܰŪˣû뵽˼ĶԼ֮󵽵Ҫô
ֻΪ˸ĻʵЩԼΪʲôһҪ۹˵أŬʵԼĻǻиջ
˵ˣڷЩ飬˵ֵֵԼ۹ŵǵҲдǣ֪ΪʲôһܸоʷЩ̫һˣѵΪԼ߻ӶһЩʲô
˵淢Щ鶼ǼҪģԼԭֻһΣǰԤ֪ЩѣȻһֱξġ
ô˵ڱӣҲԲԼһʼô򵥵һ仰ˣʱܹرҲԲԼһʼôס
Ȼ㶼Ѿô˵ˣʼҪǲĻãһЩ˵ȥҪԼúõһЩ飬ʱԼŪĻǲõĽ𣿡
仰˵ֱԼǰһЩȻһµĸоʱˣЩ龹Ȼܹ˵ôǾԸһĶһϵĻЩҲԲܻôһֱ濴ԼǰŮӡ
Ҫ˵ĻǲǾûʲôںˣΪЩеһʼЩŲһ̬ȣҪȥĻеĶǲǶᡭ
ʣµ仰һû˵꣬ΪԼڷЩ飬һ첻һϵѣ̶ȣԼ浽ôģҲøЩ֮һĺôĻԼҲܻʲôز




400 治
 

ô˵Լǰôһ׽صСѾͷֺ˲䶼ѾڻˣȻܹԼЩٶǲǶǿԱԭµģĻԼΪʲôֻô鷳أ˵ЩͲԼȥǵġ
òȥһӣҪЩ飬ǶԼĶҪ˵Ļǻӵܣټ淢Щ鶼ѾԼʱ̬ȣЩȻ̶ܹȣǾԾԼĸӵĲԡ
ô˵һ淢Щ飬ֺǾԲܻСһһߵǸģ뵽ԼֺɫһЩѿ˵ЩҪԺһһЩʲô治ĻǾԲܻŹ˵ġ
ڷЩԼһʼĲһеҲŸ̬ȵģԺİ鷢չĲĻЩҲܻԼԺһʲôĿġ
ͱôˣҶѾ˵ˣʱҪһЩʲô̬ȵĻҿԸ㽲ĸӵǾԲڣΪһʼ֮е鶼һ
Ѿ̶ȵĺһɫһЩѿΪӣܹˣԼǰνֺ
ҲԼһʼ϶̫Ϸˡ
ԼǸŮ֮սԼƾǰǸҲûа취ŮŪܵĻôԼ澿ΪʲôأһʼѾôˣû뵽ôˣŮ˴СѾ˹
ʱԼ˶˵ǳû뵽ڷЩ鶼ѾԼǸ̬ȣʱˣڣЩеôģɾԲԼһʼô򵥵ˡ
Ҳ˵Ը˵ԼڷһϵѣҪܰļ򵥵ĻԸһ򵥵Խһ£
һҪ˵ļ򵥵ģû뵽Լǰһ˲ͺ֪ԼеһҪЩ飬ûһ˿Ҫȥ˽̬ȡ
ô˵鶼Լһ֪ģʱ˵Ļ˿϶Լεģһһ˲涼һ˿ĳݣû뵽ȴһĵˡ
Ҹ˵㲻˵һЩ飬ҪԼĻҲǲԵģҪ˵Ļ˵ڻʱ򣡡
仰ֱԼǰǸɫЩ֪룬һһֱҲ֪ԼҪôǾԼڷЩһ̬ȶѣȻܹӵĻǿ϶ǸһЩһƥ䡣
ȻѾ̶ˣ㻹Լôɣ
仰ԼǰһҪѾЩ˵뷨ˣ˵Ҫúһ֪ԼеĻһԻԥİԼԭЩĸ
û뵽ǣֺʱȻѡ˸һܣܹôһܣԵЩȻ̶ܹȣǶԼҪչʲôӣҲûм˿˵ģرףҪΪԼڷЩ鳬ʱյļԦѡ
ǷǳĻƵ˵ȥûκһ˻ŵģֻԼ棬ġ
һ۾浹һ˿СԼ־ٶʵǷǳķ񣬵ǲô˵˲˵ʲôԼԻԥĵͷӦģΪʱΪԼһػĻᡣ
ʱԸ˵Ļһûκһ˿ȥ˵ˡ
ʱһû飬ǾԼǰΪЩĵ
ҲѾ˵Ϊ浽׻ʲô£ûҲûм˸˵ףԺĻԼ͵ˣ
ֺ仰ɫҲЩѿЩû˵϶ǸԼһϵģ˵ŮԼСҪĸ࣬Ҳû˵ʲôġ
һֱȥĻһôõһǰ;˵ҪȫˣԼǰ飬˸Щ֪롣




401 
 

ټڷЩ飬ͲЩҪǸĿģԺ˵ĻԼ߿϶һϵġ
ͱ˵ôˣܶණҶѾ˵ˣ㲻ܰЩзĻԼͺúõĿһ£
仰úһȫ֪ԼΪЩȻܹ˵̶ȣǾþǸԼһЩ뷨ۣҪȻĻѡҪȻĻȫ
ټϺһһʼûаŵԼϣڣҪԼ鶼˵ǿ϶ǶԼһ鷳
İЩȫ˵ĻͥҲûҪȥıҪˣͥȻͦȽģڷЩ飬ûκһܹ˵ס
ټʵǺüģԺʲôĻЩҲûа취ô򵥵߹ȥһ޷ǻܵܶ顣
ҪȻĻ͸뿪ȵڣҪõĻҲô򵥵ģΪкܶණһ仰˵ף
ʵֺѾ֪ˣ˾ǿһ˲ţı˸ĥ𣬵ڣЩȻܹ˵̶ȣǿ϶ǸԼһЩһϵ
ĻЩ˸Ͳ֪ԼһʼһЩʲôŰŪò࣬Щ˾ͿԼЩ
ͱ˵ЩˣҶѾ˵Ϊһʼ̶ȵĻǾûмܸ˵Ĳˡ
ʵڵ̶ȣһϯΨһ޵ľԼá
ȻȷһܴķһӽֻΪôһ˶ţԼһʼǾԲܵģԺ鷢ĻԼ˵Ҳ϶ô򵥵顣
ͱ˵ЩˣҪľ˵ĻһȥģǶˣЩ黹˵رļ򵥣ϾһЩʲôز
ԼĵܵǱߣһ˵ʹ඼ǲһģǸʵʼʲô鶼ûз޷Ǿ˵ԼһЩ飬ۡ
ֺۭѧϰһЩ϶ǶźôģгϢԼԺʲôĽǿ˵ꡣ
ͱ˵ЩˣܶණҶѾ˵ˣҪܹҽõĻǵЩ˺ʲôҲûм˿Ը˵ˣ
ΪڷЩ飬ŵжʼıòһˣ˵һʲô鶼ûеĻ˵Ϳֱѡ񣬴㿴Ϊһ͸Լĺܳס
ʱϣȻеĶǸԭĶһغԼ
һЩȷǱƭˣҲ֪ǲǺһѾ֪һЩŵԲűӣ˵ʼЩ飬ıøȤ
Ժ鷢Ļһֵܲԣûκһ˵ԵʱҪĻ̫ϷִԼ򶨡
԰Ǹ˵Ļ֮Щ飬ûκһ˿ŬԣΪ淢Щ飬ԺһŻ˼ĸࡣ
ͱ˵ЩˣЩѾò̫һˣ鷢ĻԼҪôЩȻʼѾܹ˵һϣԼ΢һЩȨ
һʱ1֪Լ浽ôģ˵ΪǸŮƴԼϵഺԼ޻ĻǾԲܵģΪܶ鶼ҪԼһһȥŬȥı䡣
ټԼڷЩ飬Ҫһ˼ѾŬģڷЩ飬ûҪΪһȥ˷Լе顣
Ҫǲ֪鵽ҪôĻͺúõĸ˵һ˵ܹĻҾԻԥİģһˣǧҪ˵飡
ֺʱȫһЩ˷ܵЦݣʱˣܰ˵ȫǿŮ˸ԼһرĴ𰸵ķϡ
Ϊһʱ۾ɢֹâȫһţ¸һϵ̬ȣʱ򲻹κһˣŮ澴塣
ڶ̫Ϸ˵淢Ҫġ




402 Ȩ
 

ȻһԼһЩȨȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸԼһʼľٶһĹͨǾͲ֪ԼҪʲôˡ
ЩȻŪ϶ҲǸӵżģܹ˵ôԼԺģҲȻôһ㡣
һԼԺ󵽵ҪôҵڣܲܰãǾԲԼһʼôļ򵥣ס
Ϊڷ飬ŻԼжıò̫һȰĲ࣬Щ˲֪ԼһʼҪЩʲô
Ϊһʼ淢Щ飬Щһ̬ȣ棬һܰĻԼ˵һҪġ
ͱ˵һЩʲôѾڣҪܹĻ˵ŻиĺôǶڣҪŪԺʲôӣҲûм˿Ը㣡
仰˵޷Ǿ˵Լ淢Щ鵽ҪȥбӣЩôģҲûм˿Ūģ򵥵ġ
ŻЩ˿ô࣬һʼЩ飬ѾЩһܶĿˣܹԼЩһʼϣġ
ͱ˵ˣҶѾЩȫ˵ˣԺٳʲôĻ֪澿һЩʲô鷳԰Ū꣬ͿԴõԼҪģ
ʵһʼҲԸԼ鶼ߺһΪʵЩҰôһСŮ֪ЩĻȻһЩ̫á
ûа취е˱Ҫ֪Щ飬ĻԼĳɳȥԶֺ˵ԼЩ飬ҲЩһִ
ҲԲûشֳʱʱĶʵǴ˵Ļٹ㣬ЩȻܹһʼĻǻģ
ΪڷЩ飬ĶЩ̫һԲŵԼ淢Щ⣬ûа취ô򵥵Ľϡ
ʵһʼһҲûԼĺô࣬ÿοǸŮˣܻԥĹȥۡ
һ뵽ԼԭǸŮ࣬һûа취侲ټһʼȻѾźܴˣ˵һСŮһ˼Ҫλ˵ʲô˵ӴСҰĵġ
Ҳ˵ǼܾǴʼѾƻõģĻôܻ顣
ټ淢ЩĲһΪ鶼ǱһЩ˺ܾľƻֻû뵽ƻˣ
һϯ֪ˣ鼰ʱӵżΪڲŵԼ淢ЩĲ̫һЩȻܹŪü򵥵ĻǾʼǲ顣
ʲôӣҲûм˿˵ףΪûм˿˵Զ˵һõĻᣬЩȻ̶ܹȣЩ˲֪ԼһʼҪľһЩʲô
͸һһʼЩҲһģһģԼȻѾôˣǴûκһ˵ʲôΪڷЩźܴѿ
ͱ˵ЩˣѾЩˣҪǲԸЩ¸ŪĻԼҲ˰ɣѾģˣȻ̶ȣԼǿȽϺá
ڷЩҲ֪ԼһʼôģȻܹĺܶõĻǿ϶ǸԼһʼļƻһǷȱ
еȻһʼû˵ǿ϶һЩ龭һҪĶѣʱܹԼϣǲЩʼǸ̬ȡ
ҪǲܰԼ˵ĻԼͺúõĿһԼʱ򾿾ȱһЩʲôˣ㲻Ҫ˵ʲôᶼˣܶණҪԼģĻû֪Щʲô
ʵһʼֺҲû˵ô࣬Լ淢ЩһЩ̫һѣܹϣǻǸԼһЩϵġ




403 
 

ĻЩûм˿Ūװ׵ģԺٷĻǾЩ˵ҪôҲûм˿԰Ūס
һʼһѾԼһĻˣûʲôԽĻôԼ淢Щ⣬Ҳûм˿˵ҶˣܹŪ꣬ҲǸЩ֮һϵġ
ڷЩ飬ҲһʼôǵĶϾЩ˾ʹûпô࣬ǾԼ淢Щ鳬Լһʼ̰ͼѡ
Ҳʱ浽ôģѾ˵ˣҪǲԸŪ׵ĻԼͺúõĿŰ죡
ҺһʱѾ֪ԼڵҪôΪڷ飬İһʼȻĻЩ˸ûа취Ի߳ȥԺе飬ĻҲûм˿˵ס
Ȼ԰˵ĻΪʲôһʼҪŪô鷳أԺٷĻҪôȥҺһڷ飬ûм˿˵ôԺĻЩ浽ôģЩҲúúõĿһ¡
ҿɲ쵽ʲôѾˣҪǲܰ˵ĻԼͿŰɣЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸһЩһϵĻҲ֪ԼһЩʲô
ô˵ǶѾģԼڷûκһ˻˵һЩʲô˵һЩʲô̶ȣЩҲԲܻ˵ģΪһʼѾŵԼ˾ԼҪȥлˡ
ʵֺôҲΪ˺һһʼĿǵڣЩȻܹԼһʼҪĳ̶ȵĻ뻹ҪЩ˱ȽϺãĻԼҲûκһ취԰˵ףԺĻҪôȥ
ͥе鶼㶼ԿģڣôҲûа취˵ס
ɾͱ涼˵ˣڣЩܹŹȥĻҾֱ浹ˣҲЩΪʲôһֱʱԸ㣬ǾҪǵ£ȻԼر𣿲֪ӦðԼһЩ
Ϊڣ鶼˵ģװ׵ģ˵һһʼʲô鶼ûеĻԼҲܻЩ˵ôļ򵥣ԺĻ˵϶źܴҪģĻЩҲԼʲôûз
ĲԸôĻûκһ˿ңЩЩ̫ԾѣѾչ̶ˣǼȻܹ飬ǿ϶ǸԼһʼ̬û˵ĳ
ڶںһ˵ԼҪ飬Բô򵥵ģûа취ĻôԼ֮󵽵׻ʲôӣҲûмܹ˵ףԺڣԼҪôأ
˵ͥ棬Ҳе鶼Ūô򵥵ģЩȻ̶ܹȵĻǽʲôӣҲûм˿˵ףԺĻЩ˵Ҫô
ڷֵЩеôģûκһ˿˵װ׵ģʱܰԼĻôЩ֮󵽵ҪôǼһʲôĳ̶ȣЩôأ
ҿɲ˵ĵʲô飬ϾѾˣҪܹŪĻִ浽ôģҲûм˿˵ҶѾ̶ȣǼȻҪôԼŰ죡
Ϊڷϣ⼸źܶ鷳
ҪȻɣЩԼҪģ˵ҵʱȥԼŪףԺĻֱӸ˵Ժʲôҡ
ʱҲȫԼϣڣԼ鶼ûеĻǵϢҲܻôôļ򵥣ҵ̶ȣЩ֮󵽵ҪôҲûм˿˵ļ򵥵ġ
Ҳ˵ʱ򵽵ôģʱҶѾ˵ˣҪǲܰŪĻԼͿŰɣϾڣҲԼôģ




404 ı
 

Ͼе鶼ô򵥾ͿԷģҵڣЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸԼĶһϵԵڣܲܰϣǿ϶ǸԼһ̶ϵ
ĻЩ˸Ͳ֪Լʱ򵽵ҪôЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸԼһЩô򵥵
ͱ˵ôˣʱֵĻҲԲܻ˵Щ飬кܶණҪԼľѾˣ浽ҪôӦøԼһ
ʵ仰Щ˸û뵽Լ澿ôЩȻ̶ܹȣǾԾǸԼĶһҪģЩŪ̶ȣôģ϶
ֺҲúһȥ£澿ʲô鶼ľۼģ鶼Ĳһ
һʱ֪ΪʲôܸоرĿףΪԼһʼѾЩ˹ƭˣԶһˣһǾԲܻŵģǶ˾ͲһˣȻ˶ᱳԼĻҲᡣ
ټԼһʼѾЩ˵Ǹ̬ȣܱģ澿ôģҲûм˿˵ôףԺЩĻҪôЩ˿϶Ūġ
ͱ˵ЩˣѾҪǲܰŪףԼͺúõĿһڣЩ˾ܰԼŪü򵥣
ô˵˶ͥľ鷢ĻǾԲܵģȻڷЩ飬ѾǵһЩ̬ȣܱ϶ͻ뵽رļ򵥡
Ȼ̶ܹȣЩ֮ҪôҲûм˿˵ףԺ鷢ĻҲܻô׵ġ
Ҳʱ򵽵ôԺʲôĻһҪʱ֪ͨңȻҲе鶼԰㣬ҿԼһص·ˣҪٲҵĻҹûм˿ˣ
ںһ˵ǲرİһʼԼѾ˼ҵĺ⣬û뵽ôָԼ׹һȾֱֵӴӦĻ֮е鶼رļ򵥣ܲĻҲûм˿˵ףϾЩҲǸԼһʼ˵˵ô
ʵҲûҪһֱҵģΪ淢飬ʵܶණԼ涼ûеףҪôһֱҵĻܿҵʲô˽ˣ˵Ȼ̶ܹȣǿ϶Ǹһ鷳Ҳûа취˵ô࣬𣿡
˵ĺһ淢Щ飬ŪôĻһжò̫һЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸԼһһϵ澿ʲôҲûκһ˿˵ס
ټ淢Щ鶼ѾԼһʼ̬ȣ˵ʲô鶼ûеĻЩҲԲܻôɣЩ¼Ȼ̶ܹȣǾԾǸԼһʼĶһϵĻҲܻЩŪõǵ۾档
ЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸһʼǸٶһĹͨ˵ֺʲô鶼ûзĻôҲܻڵ飬֣˵ԼڱģҲûм˿Ūôļ򵥵ɵģټڳӣЩŪĻҲֱһЩллصĸоϾеҲ˵Ҫġ
ɾͱϹˣ㵽ʱŪĻҾ˿϶ô׸ĵģ˵ôõһҪǲã˷𣿡
ֺʱŮ˰Լһ£ǿԼǰôһ飬Ҳ֪Ҫôȥ˵ϾһʼҪôÿ˼Լ̬ȣԼȻѾ̶ȣǻǲҪģʲô鶼˵ȽϺã˵ȷǻǳΡ
ЩͲǼ仰˵ģô򵥵ܹĻǲܵøãټڷѾԼϢһĲԾ




405 
 

ͥϢҲ˵Ҫ֪Ϳ֪ô򵥵ܹԼŪôĻЩǲǻ֪ԼԺ󵽵ҪЩʲôǶѾ̶ˣЩܲܽҲÿһЩ浽Ҫôȥ
ҿɲʱﵽôȥģڿԸ˵ģĺܶණҶԸ˵ǶЩ˵֪ԼʱҪһЩʲôϾˣܶ˲֪ԼЩʲô󣡡
ʵһ԰ԼһʼǸ˵˵Ļ˵ҲţȻȥ죬ǶôԼһʼ뷨ǲǱ𣿲ҺһھͨԼŬȻȥԭĶòһ
ĻϢòǸԭټϱѾЩ֪ˣԼ浽ôģԺ̬ȵĻ˵ҪôҲûм˿˵
Ҳʱ򵽵ҪЩʲôǶѾˣҪܹŪĻԼӦÿŰ죬ЩҲ֪ҪôȥԴ㣬ټе鶼ûŪõģҪʱֱӾˣǾȫ𣿡
ֺʱԼǰĺһһرı飬ʹڣûκһԸ˵ףԺĻôЩҲܻԼԺ󵽵ҪЩʲôЩȻ̶ܹȣǿ϶ǸԼźܴϵġ
˵һʲô鶼ᷢĻôЩҲܻȥһСŮǶѾˣܹչ̶ȣǿ϶ǸһЩһܴĹĻЩ⵽Ҫôȥ
ȻʱҪǿ㣬ϣһ򵥵ļƻƻϣֻǱصԼԺһʲô鷳Ȼȥˣ
ڣκһ˶ܿһǷǳȥǸģڷܰЩȫĻЩҪôȥҲûм˿˵ļ򵥣ڣҪ⣬ЩҲǸӵ
ͱ˵ôˣҶѾ˵ôģҪǲԸŪĻԼͺúõĿԼû飬Ȼܹչ̶ȣǾԾ͸һʼ̬źܴһģҪܹĻҲ֤Լ
źһʶҪȥӣֺɵĵЦһ£Լǰˣһ˲һ仰Ҳ˵ЩȻ̶ܹȣǾͲҪٰѺܶ鶼ǵԼˡ
Щܹ˵ôĻǶ˵ԼһʼʱҪŵһ֡
ĻǻȥѡЩˣͲ֪ԼԺ󵽵ҪЩʲô
ҾѾ˵˶ٶˣûоǲǻΪǸԭһģҸ˵ȻѾˣе鶼Ĳͬ
ֺ仰ߵ˺һԼǰ˵ʱһ˲ʲô鶼򵥵ܰ
ǰǸʱһûиܵ鷢ҲԼһʼʱô
ڷӣúһԼʱһҪ˹ĵˡ
Բ˵ô飬ЩԼѾˣҪҪõϢĻҲӦø˵һԺһЩ飡
ʵô˵ЩƻҪôȥʵϰĻӦø⼸֮һĹģֹκһ˶ܵģҪǸƻʵеĻĺܶ˶Ҫһˮ
ˮĻҪȥͲͬ
һԿóҪԼ˵ΪһЩ򵥵飬ҪԼһЩʲôס
ôĻͻᷢһ츲صĸı䣬浽ʲôӣûм˿˵ԺЩĻҪôȥЩҲûһİա
ͱ˵ЩˣҼȻѾʼʱ˵Ǿ˵֮ûĿģ




406 
 

ʵͥ˵һûжٵĹеģԴԼĸ֮˺ﶼûм˿ԷԼϣȻ˺úõ˵һЩʲô顣
ǲô˵ҲԼ飬򵥵ıҲĻôԼ߻᲻һĽףҲûм˿˵
ô˵Щͼ򵥵ķŹȥĻЩ˵϶һѵҪģ鵽ܾܲô򵥵ĽЩûκһ˿һȷеҪ
ǶڷЩ飬һûԼԺĻЩ֮ʲôΪЩ飬ûһ뷨
Ҳϣʱ˵ЩʲôĶϣʱȫȫһΣ
仰˵ֺ϶һģʵһʼĽӴѾ˶Է䡣
ǾԼԽʶһ£ԶŻһֱôķԼϡ
һҲûԼԺ󵽵׻һʲô飬ֻǾԼ飬ԸЩ֮һʲô򵥵Ĺͨ
ԺٷĻԼĶҪôҪúõĿ
ΪƻԼһʼʱôļ򵥡
˵Щ֮ͲҪһ۵ĻԼҲŸ뷨ҪЩ˽йͨ
ȻǸֲǲĻе֤ݾԻᱻҳΨһҪҪľǰЩȫгԼ˵Լʲô
ֺһοһϾȻôһʹ޵ı飬ЩʼĿ˵ĻЩҲͲΪЩԹ޶һӡ
˵İƻȫʵˣԼʱȫָˣģѵһʼʱһ
ͱ˵ЩˣҼȻѾˣҾ;Բƻ
һʼʱ򣬺һûԼļƻҪôʵ֣ܹŪزѾǺܲˣԺЩ鷢ĻЩ˵ôģ˵Ҳ̫
ҪǼȥĻԼ˵һûа취ܹĥ飬Ѿ£Щ֮ʲôӣǵҪôȥԼǵĹ𣿡
ֺ仰Ѿȫļǵǵ棬ΪڷЩ飬жûа취ԸһʼʱȫĻȥԲŻᵼԼڷЩѾϾ
ȥĻЩ˵޷ǾԼʼǸزЩȻһʼʱܹ˵ףǾǸԼǸһϵĻЩҲ˵ӡ
ҲһЩʲôϣҸ˵飬Ҳϣκһ˹ҡ
ʣµĻһû˵꣬ΪҲԼһʼʱô򵥵ģܰŪòˣ˵ҪôԼһʼʱûж
˵һЩʲôʱҪܹãͲҪ˵һЩʲôǵеĶԭʱĲһĻʱǲҪһЩ˰æ
ʵֺҪôܰŮˣԼϣЩʼʱʵǿ΢һµġ
һƻʼûпʼڽʱҲͲܻôֻаѿͷʱŪˣôʼжŻһ˳
ԺĻôЩҲԲܻ˵˵⣬ٰڰЩӣҪĻԼôǵģЩҲܻôļ򵥡
Ϊںһķ濼ǣǲŻһֱЩʵʵĸ˵˸һټԼڷЩûа취ȥһˡ
Щ֪ǵļƻʱ˵ȥĻЩȫҪͥҲܻһЩ˸֮ôġ
ֺͲˣԵʱܹԼ׽ǸѾʼȥѰ鵽Ҫôȥɡ
ҿɲ㵽ʱҪô˵ǶˣҪûа취Ū׵ĻԼúõĿһ£
ʱЩܽϣô鶼ᳬһʼϡ




407 
 

һľǸϽȰȥ
ʱΪǸĻչĶЩôһǸȻѾ裬ǺһҲһֱķֱʱؽİ
ұҲЩ濼ǵô򵥣ܹЩ£⼸˲ŻԼҪһЩʲô
ֺ仰һ˵ǰ˷·ĳ벻飬һ˫۵ɵش
ҵӣ⼸ܰĻķЩ鶼᲻̫һԺе鷢ĻһҲİЩе鴦ɾ
һʼʱеĶܻһ̬ȣǶѾڵʱЩ˲Լʼʱһʲôز
Щһʼʱ򣬵ȷûмڷʱЩ˲ԼҪһЩʲô
Ǹƻǿ԰鶼ȥûʱ֮ЩĻô
һһʼʱ˿ûԼҪô񶾵ķʽһŮ˵ϣȻ˵ԼãԭʱҲԼرңûԼĵķʽ
ͱ˵ʲôˣЩȻ̶ܹȵʱǾԲԼһʼʱô׵ģԺЩĻԼͿŰɣ
鶼Ѿ˵ˣȥĻҲܻһ˵һ淢Щ飬ûһķʽĻԼ鶼ᳬЩ˵ϡ
һǰϦһԭһ˿ΣǾǵʱеһЩξͿʼԼĵ顣
ҲѾ˵ʱҪǲԸĻԺ뵽ʲôĻԼҪôȥȻҪǲԼ
ʵЩʼʱȫԲ˵ȥģһһҪԼһҲûһЩҪܾķʽ˵ЩȻ;ö˵Ļ֮ĹϵҲͲôˡ
ԴһŮҪô̵ֶεĻʵһЩܵģЩ飬ѾЩ˵һ뷨ʱ滹һָķʽġ
ϾڵʱЩҲܻ˵ʲôЩȻܹӣ϶ԼǸ̬ȡ
ҿɲʱ浽ʲôҶѾ˵ĺˣҪǲôĻ˵ֻԼ
ֺ˵ЩʱѾŵԼߣȻܹʱô˵֮ҲûӵıҪˡ
ڶںһ˵ԼֵЩҲûм˿˵ģرģЩʼʱʵǿ˵׵ģǵʱҲûа취԰ԼŪ
ǲЩ̡
ʵʱ򣬺һҲһЩ飬Ȼܹ˵̶ȵʱǿ϶ǸԼĶһĹͨĻ֪Ҳܻôϸ
еĶѾʼ˵ˣͿ⼸ܲܰЩꡣ
Ժ鷢Ļܶ˶뵽һ飬ǾΪڵʱȻܹô򵥣ǾþǸԼ̫⡣
ҿɲ浽ôģȻʼʱҶѾ˵ˣǾ˵ҾѾеĶѾرף
ܹ˵£ֺҲô򵥵İŮ˵ͯٵ
ȻҲ֪һ浽ôģǶˣЩԼȫһ¡
ҿɲ֮󵽵Ҫô˵ϣԼķʽȥж
ȻܹӵʱڷЩ鶼Ҫһķĸı䣬ʱЩҲԺԼ鵽ôܹԼʼǸʱ϶ĸӵȻ
ЩڷĻԼһʼǸٶҲرļ򵥹ģһҲԼԺһʲô̬ȣ淢ЩŻŪô




408 ز
 

ΪڵʱҲǻԼԺʲôز
ҺһڶѾ˵زˣЩ˵϶һ鷳Ҫ
ǲô˵һŮ˵ҪЩĻһӼֱǻˡ
˵ںһǵЩͲЩ˰Լʱ˶ԼһʼʱЩٶЩԼǸʱ̬ȡ
ҿɲʱ浽ʲôҶѾ˵ĺˣԺ鷢ĻԼŰ죡
ʵֻǸһһѡȨѣڻͦ뷨ġ
ǵһܵһ˿˺ĻЩҲԲܻ˵ЩʲôԺ鷢ĻЩ˵Ҫôȥ
˵ô˵ںһ˵ҪȰԼ鶼ϡ
İɣҼǵǾԲܻԼһΣյľصģ
õӵЩںһϵ£Ѿ˸ԭһЩ̫һˡ
Ҫһԣʲôι£˵鶼øԭʱ켣һĻȷʵҪһЩʱ鷳
ǲô˵һôһʱľЩ涼Լ֮󵽵ҪôʵûСŮʼʱҲԼһ뷨
Ҳ֮󵽵ҪЩʲôҶѾ˵زˣҪܹŪĻԼͺúõĿԼûʱ˵ЩҲЩˣ
ʵҪԼ鶼꣬ĻԼ澿һʲô鷳Ҳû˹ԼǸԼԼҪôЩҪʵֺ滹رĵǵġ
ΪŮӸûоһЩпᣬԺĻҪôȥе鶼ûа취򵥵Ľȥ
Ժ鷢Ļ˵ҪȥԱе鶼Ҫģġ
ĻЩܲԼҪǸزҲûм˿˵ס
Ҳ浽ôģȻҶѾ˵ôˣԺôĻҪԼȥŪ꣡
ȻܹĻǾ˵ԺܻܿһΡ
ô˵һҪԼĻЩ˸ûа취԰жŪļ򵥡
Ȼܹ˵ĻôԼܽ򵥵ķʽ
ҿɲ֮󵽵ôģƻѾôģԺɾˣ
仰ֱЩһЩ֪ʱİ˵꣬ôںһ˵е鶼᲻һ
ͱ˵ЩˣҼȻѾ˵ˣԺе鷳ĻԼͿŰɣ
ʵһҲӳҪһֱԼ棬Ϊڱӣûм˿԰˵ףԺ鷢ĻôʱԼ鵽ҪôЩҲûκһ˿ԸһĴ𰸣ԵʱԼܰĻҲܻ⼸Լ˫ȥԼ
ҵʱ֪˵ô¸ʲô˵˶鶼ˣͲúܼ򵥣
ʱ⼸֮Ȼ˵̶ȣһҲû뵽Ƕ࣬ǿԼǰõʱ浹Щ񶾡
ҲѾת߹˵Ǹ԰ᣬҾûôҶʱ򣡡
ýֺͷһҲ֪Ů˹ԼǸʲôģԺһҲû뵽Լ浽Ҫô
ʱܹ˵ĻǶԼ˵ҲһôԺ鷢ĻԼ˵ǲǵ鶼᲻һ
ȻѾ˵ô࣬ʱѾЩ˵رˣԺеĻҲûм˻˵ЩʲôҲһҪôȥ˵ģ
ʱһһֱȥĻ˵ȻͼӴ׵ʱ浽̫ϷǱȥĻ鶼һ




409 
 

Եʱ鵽ҪôҲûм˿˵װ׵ģԺ鷢ĻЩһʲôزЩʲôѶҲһ
ô˵еӦȸ˵ɣĻʱûа취ǲӦúúõĿǿǣ
Ϊڷûȫ׼ϣԵʱЩ˵Ҫô˵˵ҲûжҪȥԺ鷢Ļ֮ʲôزЩһʲôĳ̶ȣ⼸ҲԲܻ˵ʲô
Ҳʱ򵽵ЩʲôҶѾ˵ĺˣԺ鷢ĻԼŰ죡
ʵһʱҲû뵽Ů˾ȻôһǸʱʱԼҲûԼҪôܶԸˣû뵽˼ֱӾˡ
ֱӾ˵һЩʲôĻԼж˵᲻̫һģȵʱ鵽ҪôЩһʲôĳ̶ȣ˵϶Լһڡ
ͱ˵žҪʱǸʱȻȥǾԲҪܹҽĻҲ˵ЩʲôԺ鷢Լ뿴ԼʲôҪű˵Ҫô
һʱҲû뵽Ů˾Ȼ˵仰֪ӵʱԼҲܻǸ֮һʲô̬ȡ
ֻǷǵȥμǸ԰ѣȻ˵ȻӵĻҲûм˿Ը˵ף
ʵڷЩȻ޲Ů˸Ͻȥμۻᣬֻǳһϵ飬ûа취ԹȥѣܰĻЩ˵˵ĸӵ
Ҳ֪浽ôģȻѾ˵ˣ˼Ȼ棬ǾҪӵĻҲ£
ʵһҲûԼҪҪȥμӣǿ̫ʱ򣬾;ԼһҪȥμӣĻԼ˵϶һرѡ
ΪһʼЩѾЩ˵еľٶˣԵʱЩ˶زĻǸԼһʼʱЩȫһԵʱ⼸˲Ż붼ס
һʼʱȷûԺҪ׼ȥμŮʲôۻᣬǵʱҪǲܰ˵ǵʱҲԼԺҪ˵ʲô飡
ʵҲʱҲû뵽ԼԺ󵽵׻ᷢһʲô飬ҰӵʱЩҲܻЩ˵ôˣԺڷЩĻЩ飬⼸˵ҪôȥҾûм˵ǿŮôһȻıʱ򣬺һ˲ѾıԼ⡣
ɱ˵ЩˣȻʱǧҪˣҹȥĻʱҲĴӦһ㣡
ʵʱ˵ĻһҲܻ˵ʲôԺ˵㷢ʱ򰡣⼸ҲܻŪģġ
Ҳ˵һЩʲôʱԼǺúõĿһ°ɣڷ飬Լû˵ЩˣԼҪô죬Ҳûм˿Ը˵ɣ˵ûҵĻЩôܻ㣡
һֱӾ͵ԼͷԼǰŮ˵ʱһ˲ͰԼ뷨˵ĳܰ˵׵Ļ⼸˵ҪôҲûм˿˵ףԺ鷢Ļ֮䵽Ҫôȥһûôࡣ
ʱҵķԲžط˵ЩĻҾͲȥˣ㿴Լܲȥ
Ȼʱɫѿˣȷ˼˵ôӣ˵ԼڲܰдĻҪôЩҲ˵ôô򵥡
Ҳ˵ܰ˵ףΪڷ飬Ҳûм˿԰ŪԵʱԼҪô˵ԼǿŰɡ
˵֮ǰĻֱӾһתߵԼ棬ѡһ·һ£ȵʱԼٴһǸذɫ·ĻȻñȥûɱ




410 ĳȥ
 

ǺȻʱѾ뵽һһʼʱ˵ǸֱӾʹôһذɫ·
һº󣬺һˣҲֺΪԼõ˷϶
ʯ壬ܹһڹ˾ȻͬһУȴһüܶؼҳԷ
һﷴԼ֮ԭһ˫峺һ˿Ե
ٹһܾˣһãȻǰʶֺ֮ǰϰԼһ˶ȹ
ԼѾΪ˺ӣú߹һգҲ޿ɺǵһ¡
뵽һȻջǾֺһؼҹյĴ㡣
ֻΪеԭÿֺҪܻؼҡ
ÿÿһֺԼ뷨ʱȴǵȲؼңԼѾκ硣
ںһЩܲסԼյĵ죬ʼ˵绰ֺ绰һ֮ڽͨˡ
ι
һڵ绰˵ϲãʱֺȻҲͬΪ˺һţȴֹĮѹԼĵ
ʲôһ
ֺǻʵһһ˲ֺҵգܲܡ
ؼңһĻû˵꣬ʱ绰Ƕ˳ԵäһԾ￩һ¡
үѲڸһЦǾֺûĺ
ӻ᲻ؼһЩĪŴ꣬ԭټ绰ȥʱֺֻȻЩĴͨˡ
һ磬ֱ㣬ۿʱһһĹȥһȴٳٲֺؼҵĶ
ʱʲôһԿʼԺһһ㣬գôҲûֻߣæ㿴ҪҪȥĹ˾
ȻһҲڴܹһֺҧҧһȴһҡҡͷˣҿ絰аɡȻָ˳һЩ
ϾҲˡһţʱȵӹһ˿ԵĲʣǹĵ˵ͷ
ϣֱҹֺٶȻ
ֱʱ򣬴򿪵ƣֺһ˯ڿɳϣһɵڵػźƵľƱ
ȻһڿɳϣֺԵ¶һ˿죬׼ֱ¥ʱ򣬸պúһһ˫۾
ˡ
һִţ̧֣Щʵ峺˫˵
ʱһѣֺһ£ͣס˽ŲתԺһһˣ
һĬֺת˺һЩҪ𣬺һȴǳţһѽƿ
ԲһңҸղŻʱֻǿɳ˯ˣԲûд㣡
ֺϽһ͵˵ŵʱһĴǸԵĸֳһ˿ɬ
ҵա
գ
ֺһ죬ȻһԼǸ绰ԲһҽԭҪͻȻиƻᣬҲŻؼһЩ
ƻ᣿бŮ𣿡
һһ˵ֺоƻᣬ̲һֲõ롣
һƻᵱȻоͻŮԡ
ֺ˵ţҪһһԼĻУʱһȴʶƿ
ͬʱֺţ·ҪһİŮϵˮζ
һŵģȴֺϣһĹˮζıǼȴһᡣ
Ӧģѡ˻ɡ
úһģٶζƿһˮʼģ˫ۡ
˺һ˫ԣ·˵ʲôֺԺһԾһ˿ǸεԲһҽĲǹ⡣Ϊϲġһ˵
һˣһĪ㶣Ǻֺܿû£㣬Ӧùҡ̫ûгȥԭԲŻڼҺ˼š
ȥ
ֺȻЩɣǼһһ㣬·˵ӣֺյ˵ͷʾͬ⡣
ðɣȻִ⡣̫ˣҲϣͺκΰʧ
һû˵˵ӣֻǾãܾöûмĪǸˣҲ֪Ǹӣû念ˣ
ϷȥһЩʧߡ
ǾڶȥҿӣǺϣܹǸӵĸֽʦ




411 
 

ֻǸԱ֢ĺӣԺУܼǵ
ǵºһʧߵĸԭ
һ뵽һ̧֣˵绰ǿϧǣĵ绰ȴһֱٳ˽
ԭһЩµģһӱø
ǲôǾȥҿһ
뵽һޱ˯ȵڶϵʱԭֻǵš
ʱֺͻȻ֣һţ̣ںһǰ
һѽĽ§סĶ˵Բһ˺ܾãҲãʱ乫˾պúæ㲻ȥڼú㣬òã
ҡ
һȻͷʱͷ¥վŵȣпգڼúôšҳȥ
Ϊʲô
ֺһʵʱһȴͻȻΪҵգպòڡҾãҵʧܣԺֻԼ
˵ţһͳţһĪֺڼҡ
һԺȴ¥ղ֮䷢ìܣ̲סǰѯʣһôˣΪʲôȥͦ˵ģ
ֺȻͷ˿ȣɫһƬȻΪ
ֺ뿪ڣʱȴЩŹ֣ͺһ֮飬ʲôҪõ֪飿
뵽ֺ㵭ƲŴǣȵܺԼ飬ҽ飬Ҫȥ˾ڼңҪһǰˣչ˺
˵ţֺţʱȴһƬɫղֺȻһγôĻΪ˺һ
ֻȻԼչ˺úһôԼôúһʧأ
뵽ȱת˳ʱæµɻĽ裬Ȼ̧ͷſڳֵһȣϸֳһƬȻɫ
һſڵʱԭЩɣ᲻ἾĪǸӻǵԼ
ʱȴһٵúһɵ˼ʼ
ԾЩУʱҵĴȴͻȻ򿪣һӶ˸պô˽
˺һӶ˵¶һƬϲɫС㣬ˣ
һЩ㶣˵ͷ
ʱղŻڵŵĸҲȻֹ̧ͷ˵ǺһˣֳһƬĪľϲ
Ȼһۼһʱ򣬺һ֣ͬЦԺм֮ȥ
ĪҲǳһղź˭ԺСС㡱֣ϽӸԱߵε£˼ţԺǰ档
Ȼһʱ̯˫ۣԺһ㣬Ҫ
һȴǳһĪôĸӣɲܹģǶ˵һǽĪ˻УԴ˵ôûĻ
ˡ
ĪǹɵӦһ䣬ʱȴӷ˳˹ǺһԾϳֳһƬá
С㣬㣿
һȴԴԼôûȥ
ֵҹ࣬Ҳûʲô£պÿڼһ㼾Ī
ôɣ
һĻŸһ˵꣬ʱԺһߣȥ
һ˵ͷûоܾʱĪԱߣȻƽʱܺ˽ӴҲʲôˡ
ǶںһȴǺܴ󷽵ֱۡ
һͼĪǣ֣߽˼ңգԺһ¶һ˿Ц⣺СܾöûˣǼĪ⺢ӻǵ㡭
˵ţͻȻͣ£ǰĺһʱһȴǵ˵ͷ΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
óĪ⺢ͦϲģС㣬һ֮룬ܲܡ
˵ţһϵЦ:ҶѡҲһһСĽңȻֱӳƺһˡ
ţõġһ˵ͷӦϴҵĸٽʦĹڻˣ֪ܲϣҳȥʱ򣬼иһ⣬
ϴؼңĹʲô᲻֧֣
һ˵ţһʱʱ̧ͷ˿һ۾
ʱһԭЩΣԼʱ䲻ڣҵĸٽʦ᲻ͻˣһ棬Լ¡
úһûɵһɣҳ£֪ġ
οҺҵڽǰԼԺ಻ܸԷɣԡ
ԣǿĶ𣿡źһ˼̲ס˵ʱһպõ˵ͷ




412 
 

ֻϧסڼļ촽ŵʱȴȻǳ㡣
ҲûϵֻҪСһֱڣҲԡ
Ҳᾡڰ죬ϻؼҾ㼾ĪСڰ졭
ΪżĪ룬ûпԼһЩøУҪͷʾͬ⡣
ʱȴͻȻǵĵĿźһС㣬е㵣ġ᲻ܲס
պⷽרң֪Ůڻа˾Ÿڼ䣬ͻʱڣںһѾ໳ˡ
Կܹһʱ䣬ҪؼңΪһЩԵʣʹãȴֲòԺһȻһ㻹ǺˣΣ
Ļúһûɵɫ΢û¡岻߼£һ٣
ֻһ£֪òʣ
һʣ޲ýԼͳ
ȴά侲һҲ˵ˣҶѡʲô˵޷
ðɣһ˵ͷʵҾΪˣΪʲôһʵŮأ
㻹ôᣬʵҪһĵģ
һ֮⣬ǳԣڼȫԿǸ˵⣬ϾôᣬҾҲܲ
ǵֻΪأͷԼδһҸ᲻Ҳ̫ϧЩ
һĻüûɵ΢ǸŮҪöãһԼǰȴ޷˵⡣
뵽粻ԾĽԼһǻûҵʵİɡ
һ꣬ĵ˵ͷû˵
ϣһصҵʱֺûлؼңĺæһͷЩ㬵š
һ׼¥ͻȻڼݵ£ƺڽһĮȻͷȴǸ˾Ȼȣ
ΪУټƣԵʣһķӦ䣺
㣡ɫһԺһװеĵԶ𣿶ڼҺúչ㡣ЩԲӸ㿴ҪҪȳһ
ȸһ˵꣬һԭţҪܾʱͻȻԱһȻɫЩ̡
ǺðɣҺȡ
һ˵ţʱղŻ㶵ȣϾüЦտǺõģ㡣ţȥã
˵ţȱ˳ٻʱһӸʱһһ죬ôôԲӣ
ԵźãſԲ壬ȴ
һûٶ˵Ӹȥ
ԭûжʲôֻǰһϴԡ˹ȥ
ǵմ򿪻ʱԾһҵĶۣʹԽԽԣҲԽԽܡ
պһͷ˵ϣͬʱһԵˮͷҲΪܵײպ˵ϡ
ʹ
Ա߻ˮʱһȻŬҪȥ̣վ̲סžʹʹķʺҺ壬Ӻһ·˳
վԡ棬ԡĺ΢΢һ˿ȡ
һӦҲû뵽㻹н졭
վ˵ţʱּұպóһָߴӰ
ˣˡ
ֺվشЬһ̣æ߹ֺӹĹİ
ʱֺȴǴбţһأôûڣ
ֺĻæЦˣС¥ϴϴأ
Ŷ𣬡ֺ˵ţͻȻЩطƺﲻ̫ԾǱ̧𲽷¥ȥ
ֻŸյ¥ʱֺվںһڵϴԡ棬滩ˮͬʱƺҲ
ԭվϴԡҵ͵һ洫ĶǸ˵ֺˣæӶ
ֱֺҲ˺һϴԡҵſڣʱȲżæ֣װһµߵֺĸǰк
ˡ
Цٻ˵ţʱֺüȴһֵʵһˣ
ȱֺͻɣƬֺ̣֮Ӧûжðɡ
ûãҸղô
ֺ˵ţͷͻȻϴԡһ̲ʺҺ壬⽦˳ֺסʲôȣ
ȱסˣЩĿɿڴֺһµҡͷҲ֪




413 ʧȥ
 

ȸ˵ţʱֺֻѾߵϴԡҵĸǰ̧ţһһ
һϴԡҵǽǣʱʺѪҺѾţȾ塣
ȻվϴԡҵſţҪţȴ־ҵʹЩ֧Լ塣

ϴԡ洫˺һ΢ʱֺʺˮ˳˺ðţϴԡ涼һš
ֺ϶һѾ¡
ֺ߿ţ嵽棬ѺһԼĺһֺ۵Ŀɿܣһ̶ûгɡ
ǿ죬һ·ֺСģֺ˵ϵĺһȫǺһѪ˸ое۸ǺԼܣûбúһ
ԱߵȲʱĳˣֺʱȻУһŭ⣬æˣԱߵңиʲôѽ䶼ˣһ˺һôأ
ֺһȣҲ֪ʱԼѾ˲ϲˣһʱ䶼ͨ˼ȵ绰ܿ쵣ܾ͹ˣһȺҽѺһ̧˾ȻֺΪɷֺͬһĿԼԱߵҽ
ҽ˵˵ǱססĻһҪҵķ˾ȻܿӣҸ˻Ҫġ
ֺĻԱߵҽ̲סһۣ˵ʲô˼ѵ£һӲɣӶûжټѾѪˡ
ǿ϶סˣ˻лԱһ£ע⵽ҽֺ֮Ҫ˵ʲôǵźһ˿ûмʱվһһԲ
ڴ˻лԱסСӾͲˣôСסоǸôɵģиôô಻ԳԵģȻĻô
ԱߵĻʿһεĿԼԱߵֺ⵽ô£Ϊһ׾ȻиôΣյĶЩԶôĻֲúһỬ̥һжпԭġ
뵽ﻤʿеǰֺˣõǺܺÿǲ֪ԭǸӵˣֺ˻ʿĻûз
ʱֺȫԼڼҵʱ򣬾ʲôǲ˹ȥ͹ȥĶôܻЩԶ
ԼǸʳ澫ѡģһеĻôʿˣ뵽ֺ̲סȣԼûȷе֤ݣܰһñӿȵͷϡ
˼ҵĲСģһһעģʿ⣬һ̥û˵ĻĸǲһʧأеĻϣֲ
ֺס˺һ֣۾סĹԱߵĻʿҡҡͷһڲСĲ¹ʰɡ
ʿϸضһֺ˵ʵһ̥ûкúñĻôԺͲˣڼ䣬ȫһЩůθůĶ
мʻԶ˺ӵʱֺ޲óԼһƣ⵽ô£ǺһжѾˡ
˵ǣһھɹĳˡ
ֺһ˺һĴͷһʱѾˣ˫ĿնĿ컨壬˫ַԼĶϣǰﻹһ׳ɳģѾûˣһоԼ߿ģʧȥ˺ҪĶһ
ڰ˳䣬ûµģǻһ̥ģԺҪˣȻĻǵĺӿ˶᲻ĵİɡ
һεĿԼǰĺһһѾӵıСʱˣһ֪ۣһ߿컨壬۾һˮ֪һʲô
رεʱͻȻ߽ˣһЦеĿźһ͵һǰ
㣬֪رģһεģİɣЩһϸ壬ָԭ״̬
Ц޺ģԱߵĺһ¶εЦݣȻ˵ûеǺһѾ֪߰˰ˣȻԼԵĶ϶ģ˭һѾ˸ѡ
Աߵһˮˮϸϸİ涼ˣгɿݵ˺һߣһһֱӰӵ˵ȥ
ôӰƻôѽ㲻ϲңҲҪΪһأڸոû˺ӣӦöһ㣬壬ôҪҪҪá




414 ʾ
 

ȻסһίȫӣԱߵֺ˶ܲˣֱֺӹǰ˻ǰ£Լںͺһʱ˾֪ƻա
Ҳȥɣһ˾İɣҲʲôģȳȥһ˾һòã
˵һ仰ʱ򣬺һǺģҪһ˾Ĵڲ棬ϸĻʱ顣
һ뵽ȥЩԼ溢ӷЩ飬Լ·ˣѾķúˣӾͻȻ뿪Լ磬е㲻Ӧ
һϻʿĿ˶һµʱѾԼˣֻںһÿ컹ҪЩҪҩڵļﶼһҩζ
ֺΪܲҩζȥ˾ҹսһʱʱȣһֺе쳣ֺеĲɵģƽʱҲؼҡ
ԼҲ֪׷ʲô飬ǺһֺܾԼԼ˲٣һԼҪ͵͵ȥһֺҪ֪Ϊʲôıˣֺڰ칫ʲôѵһŮ𣿽ݲؽ
һԼķ䣬˺þûȹӡ
ϣȥ˾ʱ㲻ҪʧҪŬĹԱվŮһ֡һԼĿںĨȥӵ¿￪һӦԼȥǱҪɵɣԼҪɵǴС
Ϊ˾˶Ϥһһһ·ϵֺ칫Ҽû飬ǵֺ칫ҵʱ򣬺һҪԼϵĶˤֺԱǸŮȥǸŮתʱ
þòѽû뵽Ȼѽ˵ǺȻѾܾòһЦе££Լͷ
˼㡣ô˾ˣ˵סԺˣÿ춼ȥ㣬ҵţܲˡ
ҵˣõģ
һźȻȻ˺һ˵Ļɫ԰ֽûϵòһԱȴǰˡ
˵һʣȻԵ˼֮˵㣬ڼˣҲͰˡˣˣܵ㡣ʲôʱؼңȥǰɡ
Ȼ˵ţԼŮȣ˾ȥ
ֻ֮ǰȴǸֺкҽ뿪ˡڽѾûˣҲԲٺʹǰ˾ҽԺͷˡ
һġ
ȻȻʱϻԵĲᣬֺȴִֻţһԡ
ʵ˵Ҳû뵽ȻΪʲô֣֮һҲˡ
ԭĹ˾һӱ
ǣֺǺĮԸȻ˵ЩʲôֻĿȴЩδĿһ
һһĬȻҵڵԼΪʲôԼסԺʱ䣬һӰûгֹ
ڷǵҵûг֣ȻȻûֺĹ˾Ѳͼı
Ǹңǲٻȥˡ
뵽ЩһһĬȻԶȥıӰ֮ǰ⿴ֺһֺۣûȻֺںȻ뿪֮һεĿԼǰĺһһô뵽ԼĹ˾أ
廹ûкãӦڼҺúһʱٳ㿴㣬ȻױˣʵҲͦÿġֺһ۵ĳ磬һĿԼǰֺ
û뵽ֺȻᣬһ뵽Լȥ֮󣬺һһ˸С
һеģֺ֪һǰ飬ֺѺһһȻ˶¥ȥ
˾Ķ¥ʵϾһС԰һǽ϶ԼֺĻĪоһɣָоرĿġ
ͻȻʱֺϥ¹һӣ˫ضźһ۾һˣʱֺѺӴ򿪣һʯ
Ҵȫ鱦ǱѡģʯҼʯһţҲѡиֽ֡
һĿתĿԼڵϿ˵ǱһҵģʱֺϣǸҵҹƲر͵ļ۸İɡ
˶Ĵ۰鱦ģ˵ɣҽܵˣΣһűʯµġһаűʯԼĲϡ




415 ͵
 

ֺ˵ļ۸֮󣬺һûеļֺȻ˵űʯҪǹ˾һӯİٷ֮ʮ
һҪԼϵǿȡȴֺסˣֺ˫˸һ˿ᶨһ𣬿ڵĺһ
㲻ֻ֪Ҫ򵽣Ŀһٶֵǹ˾ӯѣʲôǰ˾ҶԸ⡣ֺ֪ˣһݵ˺һǰһжӯ
ʱ֪ΪʲôͻȻһѵԱ߹ƣһŵæվѵһжֺ߻˵뵽һˣʼԼ
ʣ·ϻݣһҪĪԱ֢硣
ѧ˵Ա֢ͯõƾǼ˵飬ǼæҽԺĹƽһԼĪչ˲ܡ
һԼĪĸٽʦиʱͼĪദ˵ĶԼĪĲ
ǰĪҵ·ϣͻȻ·ϳһֻ˹ƺǺɢˣһͣ˳߽ʻҡ
ֲ㣬˲ٳʾ⡣
һССҲ˼롣
С߹
һ̽һСǲǽܹѵԼ˵ʲôû뵽СȻ˺һ˼
ȵСһһһһķƶ
һϲˣԴӺɢ֮ãһİԸ׽ԼС˺һ
һڽС˻ǼĪǸԱ֢֢кСİֲų⡣
ǵأһСķڸĳҽԺΪһƬĵλòϤһòҵһԸСĵط
Щæ꣬һֺͼĪԼÿʼٿεʱ͹ˣһļϾĪһСӣ˼롣
Ǻһ̿ĪļʱѾٵˣϹȥһģһԼȻͼĪͲƽԼٵСȻҲǳ
û뵽Ͼ͵ĪˣǼСſڵĴϣһͯߺ㡣
Ȼûˣһɻ󣬿ǰ·ƺǷ˳
Χ۵˶Χסǰ·Ρ
һû취ֻŹȥĪպ·ΧȺ
Щˣϲ֡
һһ䣬ǻǲƳһΧȺġ
ֻһСӣڵϣƺûʲôơ
һСû¾׼뿪û뵽ϵСкתͷһǿˣǷǼĪ
ĪҲǿ˺һҪһܡ
Χ۵˿Сû¾ͶɢˣһֻץСһļ
ôһոûУ
ںһѯʣСһľګĿڡ
½㣬ٵˡ
ƺССղŲ鲢ǵãĪĶǺһٵ顣
Сһһѱס˺һ
˵ţ½㣬Ϊ㲻ҸˣǸƭء
һСһԴֺЦ
Сһող£ȴԼٵ顣
أôԼܳˣ
һСһҪ·ߣոӵµýֵʱͨࡣ
׼ؼȴ׼ؼҴĪļ硣
ôôͻˣ
һǲ죬ԼĪϸٿԼҽԺ°ǻк˺һ
ǼĪգҴӦҪȥףյģҪġ
ǰɣĪ
Ī׸˵ģǽԼûԼҲҪһԼգԾ͵˵ͷ
һһǼĪաСһԴ˵Ӧ߽ģڽʲôﶼûиĪ׼أ
ԣĪһѱסһĴȣʾһ
һԾͶСһһ˺һա
֮ͦ˼ıš͵½ˡ
һ¿ǶЦ˼ͺһһЦ
ȻŹģû뵽ųڴҲ㡣
źһͼЦúǿĵӣ绹żĪ⸱ʹκһǿŮķ򸾴Сӡ
ȻһƣϽ⸱
ۺǲ죬Ǹǲǹϵô
ȻһЦͲ֪ˣΪ˸װĽͷݴһϲġ
˲˺Ȼ˼ȻȺ֡




416 ִ
 

ڵƬ뿪ˣһУһʲô֪
Ѿ˶ͯһǣżĪֵż罫˹Ҳ뿪·ڡ
˼̵ڵˣ綨õĲʱķԱ֪ǸĪգһȥšףĪСտ֡ĺ
ڲϣͽ˽һ͵ĵ⣬Īϲˣóܹ
ΪõܵܿҲǻ˴ֱ׼һ⡣ȻĪϲ⣬ԵʱСء
˵ǸİػĪԵЩӡ
һĪк¸һĪǲҺСһȥ
żɣѧϰܴ֮飬ҿżĪϲء
Ŀźһúһ˼ˡ
ϣܰĪˡ
һ˵ſżĪۡ
һߺȻȴֱȥֺıյſڣбסĳ
С㣬Ŀˣ뿪
ɽˮĶȻЩ߷Ȼǰ۵ıסԼʱۻߣܾ뿪̫ 
Ȼ򶨵Ĳѱ
Ҹ㣬ҽסģɲҪ۾
˼δ㲻Խȥ
Ȼû취ʱѾǺˡ
ۿſڵıһβӣ˳Ȼ½ǡ
ںȻĶ˵㽫Ƭ¾ˣαغһĿĿɲǴԶһܡ
ԺȻù˵еͽŷݸŷ⽻ֺõġ
뿪ĺȻŮ˵ĻŰɣŷǽֺģֺʲôʧ˼ǰԼ˵Ρ
תĶȥʱŷͽֺ
ܼҲ֪ʲôֻǽŷ˽ȥ
ʲôˣֺڼĺһŮô˻֪ڲȫô
ʱֺ鲻ãͻȻȻûʲôƽʱҲġ
ܼԣսսĻش
үһš˵ſиŮ˵һҪ㡣
ԣֺûʲô£ô걻Ů׷ľ鲻٣Ȼ͵ˣָʲô˽Ƭ
ֺû˵˾УҪٷ˿
֪һ׻᲻ԴףֺȴǲǸŮʧġ
ܼҽƬ˳׼õˣڿƾ־ֺ̧ͷһȴǲȻŭ
Ƭù
ܼһƣǸոշԸöôôҪˡ
ϸһƬϵ˺Ȼٷ˺һͼ磬һСӣƬĵģ˿һһ
ܰãȴǲֺĵס
ֺƬ߬ţҪһ
ܼ֪Ҫˡ
һͼֿ֮Լ˼ҡ
ſڵıԶͿ˺һĳƣֺҵ󣬺һȥһ·ǳͨ衣
ͼĪһʱãһżĪСС;͵Ա֢֢ΪĪģ鲻Ǻܺá
һһôܰĪ;ֱ˿
ܼʱ뿪˱һ֪ⶰֻԼֺˣ´ŵֺϢһ˽Ų
㻹֪֪з֮𣿡
һȴû뵽Լ·̫רעˣûֺɳš
һھǻҩζֺҲ֪ԼôˣǿƬõĻǲˬһֱԺһ˵˿ȴûƺԼƢ
ֺո˰ûڣһոӣԼӦã
û뵽һȴĻ
ʲô˵ˣô֪
һֱ׳ϾԼģԼֺ֪ʲô磬ϲ˯ڿԼܣ
Լ㶼ʲô
䣬ֺͽһƬ˹ƬɢںһĽűߡ
һĿƬϵԼͼ·ߵĳǽĻ档
Ѳֺ˸Լ뵽ܺһ˶ķԼֱ˵鶼УԼҲǲܽܣ˸Լô¡
Ǻǣ˸ңʲôŵģҲѾ޸ô
ֺ˺һǸԼ˲岻˼ԼݣȻԼôֱ׳




417 ִ
 

㲻ҪҽһƬϵôô
ֺǲҵİɣȻҲƾһƬң㶼϶Ůˣҽʲô
ԣֺĲƾ־һԣŭˡ
һҲںҪĽ֪ͣԼʲôʲô
Ҫúú˵ģֺҲ֪ԼڵľȻĻѾ˵ˣǹ򶨡
вĻڽ֮ǰһˣǸʱΪ˱Լ顣ͬĵһ֪ԼƵӻֺܸʲôֵԼ
һúۣع֮һӦӲϾ׵ĮģĸݺԼް취ֻĬĬܣֺˡ
ʱʱһֺͼΪ˶ס˴߻ĻѡԼ
ԼѾʧȥǺֺȥҲǳɲһļֺͥһֱûп飬ΪЩӵദ˴˸顣
˸ǲԼһһζûУһ֪λΪʲôҪȥ
ϣֺǾ仰֮ͳˣֱҲûлؼҡ
յģûһ˿ůһԼµˣܼ׼õͿζ
һڲǰֻԼһò͡
ܼҹصվһʱ׼Ϊһ񣬺һװ̧֮ͷʵû
ԣܼұϹϾĲ֪οڣϾźֺʱˣֺ֪ƢԵģһ򲻹ЦԴӺ̫̫֮ЦݶˣܼҲϣֺͺһִ
ŹܼΪѵӣһ֪ˡ
ֺԼ˻ҹΪʲôΪ˸Լѿ
ʱȴҲ¥ŵ岻ŮֻǴ˯¾¥
ա߸ЬһĶһͷһȻǸŮ˴һģΪʲôֻǴҶưˡ
һôһڳ߹
ǹ۲ģֺڱڣôһֻһǾǳҹδ顣
Լΰֺ֮ͺһڳܣڿԼΣ˲ɢˡ
ȲֺǰҲûҪװɵģˣãһҲûһ仰Ӷ˹ؾصվţһǹԼ²̨ġ
˵Щ߷Ȼ֪ܺͺһӲӲߵһĲǰܼǰȻ
˽׼õͶϸϸƷζš
һȴʳʵ״̬ھˡ
һû˼˼һڻ԰ҡɹ̫Ҳ֪⻹֮СӺһ߹
ﻹ߶ţֺ˵Ҫȥ¿ȹأҪٵˡ
һֶͣˣɻװԼģԼûиĻҲӦõģοֺôԼҪ뿪Լʲôܽܵġ
һ뵽Լû˺ӣʧȥȥɾֺۣڹ˽ֺûɼԼŷֺ֮һֻ׸
磬һҡϷ·е鶼ˣԼֺֿ֮ɺܶ࣬ػص켣֮ϡ
ʱֺһˣȱںһǰҫһֺԼ¿
Ȼ̳ʱֺһֱĲɵ״̬Լ·һ۾˵ãǺôҲֺͬء
ҪìһֺϾԼֺ֮иģġ
û뵽صֺ֮һ۾;ֱȥҺһ
һɹСʱůϦ֮Ѿ˯˹ȥԴǰ֮˯
ֺܼѰҵģѵ̫̫ڻ԰ɹ̫
ֱֺȥ˻԰һͼܿҲѾüСʱûмһˡ
˼һﻹǷܡ
ֺС˹ȥƼһѾ˯ˣϸŷɫ̺ӣƺ˻˯òȣһʶɪһ¡
ֺæԼûüѵװںһϡ⸱³˯еĺһģ˭һ
ƫƫˣڹսǴǰ滨԰һĻ޵ԼʲôҲˡ




418 
 

ֺ֮ͱˣԼתֺǶŮҪӹģǽֻҪԼŬôֺ˼һصԼϵġ
һΣиСӣЦúǿģͻȻиǿҪһվԭҪСӿǸˡ
СӸߺ裬Ⱦҡ
һΪԼΪżѣ·ǾԼĺӣ鼱֮ˡ
ĺӾûˣԱźһֺźһجҲż
ҡҡһһѣجˡ
ǲֺôһٳٲԸ۾
ֺżͷ乵ĺˮһҲòǾ˾޴Ĵ
Ȼ֮䣬һ˫ۡ
ˮƲסֺۼˣǲ֪ʲôˡ
ֻóźһա
ãһ侲ؿֺ˺ܴľġ
ɣ
˵仰ҪߣֺԼˣźһ顣
Ǻһ˵껰Ҫߡ
ֺһץסһ󣬡˵ʲôû塣
𳡾һֻǿһֺץסֳ˳Ѿ˵ˣ֮˰ɣѾûûʲôˡŹңҲŹԼ
Դֺֻǿſ˵֣֪λػ
һصʰ˼Լ·׼ȥֺҲ˽
ôȲȥƬϵˣǽмһô
ֺҪһԼҲ֪ģھȻĻǴ̼˺һ
λһʼǱβеģһζûУ˿ûмȥ壬һӼᶨ롣
ʱźһģﰵԵ⣬ǱȴװȰ͵ģ
һǴСƢӦõģӦŮӺͺˡ
Ҳ˽ֺģֻҪһӹ֣ôֺԲٸŮӵģû뵽ֺȴǶԺһĵġ
һȿϷһǷ֮飬һ˲ġ
˵ʰ
⻰еǷ޵Ǻ˳ֺͦģŮֵʰ·һҲôѲ顣
Ǻһ˲岻ôڷǺһúԼ顣
ֺܾܲʰȥǸɣֱתŴסˡ
һӦʱѾˡ
㿪ţΪܹһô
˵Ҷãš
ܺһôڣ涼û˻Ӧ
ֺҲһʱ鼱һڵķ֮ô죬ܾܲһӰɣ
ʱܿ͵ˣսսڲϣǺֺֻܸԼ˵Ĳֺɫڵˡ
ﻹҺֺֻǳ˼;ȥˡ
ֺ˼һϲĿζԸܼҽȥ
㽫ȥҪǲͲüˡ
ܼҲֺģֺ˼ҪŻϼôܼҲǸˣȻ͸Ͽ콫˶ȥ
û뵽ߵߵߵ˺üŶ˻Ӧ
ܼЩżһԴϵֺּš
ʱ׼ȥͷϢֺҲˣܼһûͽȥüͷ
ôû˶˸̫̫
һʣܼҲˣ֧Լش̫̫ţæҵȻȥȡԿס
ˡ˵ֱֺ꣬ǰһߣžͿˡ
ǿ˿ǺһȴǲˣҲûãֺϸһǽڴȥġ
ŮôԸ뿪뿪ɣ
ֺ˵ţȴֳһƬҲǿԼȥҺһ
һֺļңϼûдֽʱ̫ˣǻȥһǺȥ˵Ǹ׻ὫԼֺֽ
˼ȥһߵ绰ͤǰ绰˼硣
ཡ֮ͱͨˡ
ãǼ磬λ
ƺѾϢˣһ˼ߺԼѾ޴ȥˡ
̽ԵĿڣô
Ű֪ģӵ绰߻ж⡣
ģϾ͵Ҹȫĵط
Ըһ㴩·ͿˣʱĪѾ˯ˡ
粻ҴŵСһԶŵġ
翪ܿ죬ûһ͵˺һ˵ĵط˳ܣһӰ




419 ˼
 

ºһʲô⣬Ҫ׼Ҫ绰뵽һڵ绰˵ûдֻڿոô졣
ͻȻ֮ӹ߹һٻӰǺһ
磬
һ峺͸ӵĽͷֱܷܿ
첽˹ȥźһϵﵥֽԼ˵ݸһ
֮ദĬ·Ƕѡ
߽ˣֺſǰŮȡ
ȱֺԼﰵϲһߺԼͿĿŵվֺˣҴ˿ֺԼô顣
Ϊȥ˾ˣûе͡
һڣֺ֮ͿˣǰŮ˲ǺһǸĵŮվѾ뿪ˡ
û£ȳ԰ɣ
ֺûʲô˼òͣԸܼһȣںһǰϢҡϿŽıֽ
ȿŻ԰ﱳԼӰһҪô˻ûֺģȻֺϲһôҲһֻҪֺͺˡ
ⶰ̫һӰӣֺܿ
ʱȴźһ黨ΧȹڳˣֺӦóӦģǿ˳ٻӰֹˡ
ԸȥľҾͲȥˡ
һ䣬ȥΪǺһǸŮ˻ˣԼϴԲŻ֮ȥ˰ɣ
ֺԼȻһϴ̬Ⱥܺþԭˣ߽ȴȵ
תֺϲ
ֺϿ˳ԷôϲǴСţСӡ
Щ˶ǺһֵģǸŮѾ뿪ˡ
Ȼֺ۵ףֳһ˿Եʧ䣬ȴڰοԼԼܲôԶǸŮĲҲܺԼζء
ãɣȥߡ
ֺڲǰȺܿ콫˶˳ֺǳһھͷ˿ӣȵѧ⿵ĿҲֺʲô˼
ͬ黨Χȹֺȴúÿ
ջûֵܵסǸŮ˵˼֮顣
ԺҪڼˡ
һ䣬ȷӦĻ뿪˲
ߵĲܿ죬ǩڵĵӶûôżֺżȻǾȥҺһ֮˭ͷأ˭ĵ˼Լˡ
˾ſڣͿԼϰ첽˹
Կ׸ңȥɣ
˾ʦûκγɣæԿ˫ַϡ
ֺܿ죬ɫ˹˹Х˶û峵ʹ˹ȥ
·ĽҪ׷ǿ峵ƾͶˡ
һûʲôѣֺ뵽ľǼ磬ȥ˼ڵĸҽԺ
ֺװģپһΪȻ໤ʿСĹעֱֺ̨
ãһ¼磬ӦҽԺҽ
ʿͨ죬βŷӦ
Ŷ˵Ǽҽ߹ҽԺˡ
羹ȻҽԺȥء
Է˵ֺ˵ͷŻʿϿҵ˵һлл
ֺô˵ĻΪҺһİܺİԼ˵ллҲӦõġ
֪粻ҽԺֺһӶûҵͿȥˡ
ߵߵߵ
˰涼ûˣֺҪֱŶ룬ʱסպûֺƺھӵģѵ˺ǰѾ뿪ˣסˡ
ô£֪ȥô
ֺѯʣھӺεĿڣֻ쿴ȥˣȻʱҲûм⻧˼ˣŻ뿪ˡ
ԣֺսȭͷǽڣھӿЩ¾͸ϽԼˡ
ȴԭһֺı֮һֱǵ䣬翴ۡ
ĪպÿƬҲ˵ǷԼеԸˣȻǴӦġ
Ǻһ״̬ãѯ
ĪҪȥҪһȥɣһ˴˼Ҳġ
ǺҪһֺ߳ܵһҲǶüԼ
ʱĪҲ굽һĻźһ½ǣҲҪһһȥ
һʢȴһط̫£һǾͼһȥ˱
ֺıĶ࣬ǵ¼źһ˼ףĪܹһ·Ҳûп֣ƺǶԽгڴ
羰ܺãż̫ůģװعĳطеľ󣬼Īϲǣźһͼڷȥɢ




420 ټ
 

ʱ˱ܴľǲμӵصѩƽΪ֢ԹļĪҲţ㣬һǱߵĻ쿪ʼˡ
ʱҴţתۼѾ£һ˵ص˼ֺ
㻹ô
翴źһŴ⣬˵һ仰ȻǸʾȴǿ϶Ŀǡ˼ϸʱһֺʵûС
ãһûлش
εЦˣ̶ڵҪǻعɣѾˡ
ãҲ뿴ֺĽ
һ˵⻰żæŵʰ񣬿ɼԻصֺжżֺġ
Ǻһû뵽ּҵǰ·һ¡
գֺ°ؼҵʱѾˣȻڵǰ
ȥϢȴڣֺĶ˺ôҵգֻҹնѣǽҲνֻôһԸѡ
Ŀֺľܾǰˡ
Ѿ׼ͣ򣬾˵ŸмĻֺơ
ֺ鲻Ѻ˾ƾЩĵ飬ȵľҲûоܾ˾һһĺȥܿüƿѾˡ
ֺˣƵ˵Լģ뵽һĲ𣬸ҪһǧֺԺ״̬֪Լˡ
ǰֺա
ֺˣҷȥϢɣ
ֺѾ־壬ȿ˺һһץסȵ󣬽Լϱغܽ
ܵ˶Լϲȸ˼ˣȻֺģֻƽﱻһǸŮԻˡ
ֺȴͻȻﺬ˵ţһ㲻Ҫ뿪ˣҶϴô
û취άЦ⣬ȻòֺģôҲС
ֺˣֻҪԼװٿһһͬԼߣϾһѾ뿪ˡ
ǸѵĻᣬȾԼһܷŹĿȫơ
һҹֺȵ˺һ̫ˡ
һҹֺԴЩۣ۾ȴһ˫۴ԼϣѲǺһˣ
ǺһˣһвΣ
ֺϲˣ˯еȣʱѾˡԼļƻ
װѣ˫ۿֺȻװԼģ
ֺϵҲģҲԴҪЮ㣬ֻǸѡ
˵ԼֺȻݲľ뿪
뵽һѾ뿪ˣԼߵŮȻʲô𣬲һŮ˶ѡ
ֺ侲Ĵ·߳˷š
һ䣺ֺŮˡ
һ仰ֺĵط¶΢ЦȻˣԼοɵλá
쿪ʼȾسֺߣԼֺŮˣԴֺҲûʲôϵ˼
һʱ֮䣬紫ϼŵֺ»
ʱһȴˣһ·ɻʹȥǶֺסı֪ʱĺòá
һܼЩ졣
ˣǻүô
߹ģȥ
һ˵ҪﴳʱܼҸǰȥ
ԺһվſڣϵĴȴ˫ۣǿԼ᲻ڵ
ڣֺڿ־ϸֺιˮ⻭һ⡣
ƺſڵĶҲǴӵǵע⣬ֺ̧ͷ˺һ͵վǱ׽ڴɷ򣬱͵ȡ
ȿһЩεźһͶεһ˿΢Ц
ˣ
Ȳ֪˵ʲôֻʳһ仰
Ҳ͵̫̫λ֪ͨλô
һԼ˿ңԼֺأѾڻԼ˵Ǹص˰ˡ
ԺһʣȲ֪νͣԼ˿γ˵׻ǳ֮䡣
˾վţһֱĿֺûʲôҪҽ͵ô
δȵֺڣȾȻشˡ
㶼Ѿ뿪ˣΪʲôҪҺֺ֮õģϣ㲻Ҫٲɢˡ
Դ˺һֻܿЦһֺת˳ȥ
ֺɢĴӣûκ˼׷˳ȥ׷ȥҪʲôҪԼ֮仹Ǽֺһûпǣֻ֪úһ뿪




421 
 

˶˳ȥõˮѾıˡ
һȻѾ뿪ͲӦٻƻԼֺĸ飬ֻҪǸŮ뿪ˣ̫̫λóȵġ
һܵĴſھͱֺһץסˡ
ҽͣҺ֮ûʲô
ֺȻ˵Ǹոյĳȴͣܲ԰һΪԼ⣬ִžҪ뿪
ȻʱһֱڱǶֺеţȴûѾ»ʲô˵ģһֻ֪Լȡ衣
ԼİŮ⸱ʧصģֺۼˣһѽһڻˣǺһʧõı
ءһ޳ֺȴЦˡ
оһȶ㿪˵㿴ҵģǲ˺òãɣ
һֺĻ˵ܴ󣬴ʱ˿Լˣһ֪λӦֺ
û˴֮䶼ԷǺһȴ뵽ϵĳ
Ī죬֪ΪαĵԼͼƬøֺʲô鶼ûУֺһζûУǾ͸ûһˡ
뵽һһƿֺתȥֺнԶӰ֪Լڼ׷ȥҲͽ͵ġ
һʱ֮䣬һ֪Լȥδ֮󣬾һ֮
 ţ̰һöֻ𣬺һһϵĿڴóֻһԭǼ硣
˴ӻͷֿˣûȥټĪԾûͺһ
ﻹǵĵԴ绰ʺһǷ񰲺á
㵽ּôоô
ҡҺܺá
һȻ˵ſǼȴˣԴʣż
ģ𶯣Ϲ
˵绰ԼĪһ¾͸ϽȥҺһˣºһʲô
ǻعƽ֪ԼжȻֻҪһͨҪصֺôԼûʲôط
˺һ
ȣмǹֺ϶ȤôǼһɣ
һЩԥѾ˵ǹֺģô˵ֺϾԼϵ߹
Ǻһظ˼򵥵֡
ַ
һȥʱȻû˰Ȳų֣ô
ô٣Ϊ˸ôɲأҾѾֺ˵ˡ
ǣǺֺ˵ˣǲܳ׶֮临ϵĿܡ
Ƚһԣóһм챨棬ϡ
һ֪ҪʲôֻǿȵڱصãŮ
ɿˣѾˣµûֺģҲϣҺӵĸ׻оȰʶʱκܡ
һֻԼԴˡһҪը
ֺȻĺӣˣһһʱ֮䲻֪ԼǸÿ޻Ǹףȡ
Цõ۾ʹ࣬ǰŮˣһֱռ̫̫λջǶԼЩЦˡ
ҲţҪȥֺ
һ˵žҪ뿪ʹ˷Ź
һץסһþʮ㡣
ʲô
ΪֺҴӣһ𣿡
һˣѾʧȥˣȰ㻹ǹԹɣ
˵⻰Ⱦһѽһ˦ˡ
һ̱ڵϲ֪ηӦӶȻˣֺġ
ڹ˾ֺȴͻȻյµϢһʱ⿧
ֺ׾壬ϣܹһӼ۶
ʱ·һʧǵŮӣǺһ
һԼ˿ѾûκʲôȻֺϲȣôԼӦóȫǣ˵ԼѾ޷ˡ
һ·Ϻһ˼ţȴҲ¶ľʹ뿪ֺ
ɫ˹˹ʱ⿧ſڸͣ£ֺͳ첽˽ȥȴȥ¥գطûкһ
óֻץסһʵ㿴ֻϵŮô
˶࣬ǸոｫһһקڵϷע⵽ˡ
ŮʿƺոţͬеŮڵأ
ָŵĽ䣬Ѿûˡ
ֺȷһ֪˿һڸֺϽĴ鿴·˺ããһǺһ




422 
 

ͻȻֺһ֪ܾˣܲܳº˵˵Ҳá
Χ˶׷תǺ⡣ֻĴڴźһĳ֡
ΣֺڻûеȵһӰ
ѾԶĺһԴһ֪·ʧǵġ
మ˾ʹ
ڳĿֺһһ˶ԺһĵģһֻţҺԼѾӺһθ顣
īϻ˳ӡ
ֺûзѰҺһ˼һѶ
ֺĹٰʱؼҶ°֮ȥȾƣԼȳ࣬ΰ֮仹ܸоǺһԼߡ
˾ȥҺһûзѰҿǽȴһϣûˡ
ԼܲҲܵģǺް취
ͻȻһ죬ֽһѶ֪ҽ罫ڱ½顣
ֲǰʱԼôһ̫̫йأܲð칫ҵš
ֻ洫һ
ܲãݱֽϢ̫̫ܺйء
˵ͽֽ˹ȥ
ֺùñֽԼĶҪѱֽһ֪εĻһͺһйء
ѵôģ޸ˣ
֣Դܲÿֽ֮ܲþͱˣֺٻججÿ찴ʱϰఴʱԷŵгҲԼȥ֪Ǳ֮ǰ
ȴǿģΪһӦ˺Լ飬ͲýһŮʵˣһʱ֮䴺⡣
ڵѡõĴ֮գڽ＾ĪСͯҽԺһЩͻʿҲǰף
Ĵʣ,ǷԸŮ˳Ϊ޽Լ?ۼǽ,κ,,չ,,,Զ겻ֱͷ?
նĻش𣺡Ը⡣
񸸼һ,ǷԸӳΪɷ޽Լ?ۼǽ,κ,,չ,,,Զ겻ֱͷ?
һЩסˣԸôԼǵò𰸡
˶ŵؿźһǺһٳû˵ǾԸ⡣
ڴʱõȴͻȻ֮䱻˴ˡ
δˣȴؽһ䡰ҲԸ⡣ڳ˵Ķ
һһӾԷʱ֪ˡ
żߣ壬ֻǿи˽ʱֺѾ߽ˡ
һֺ֪ΪʲôҪѽȻԲ˻Լʲô
㻹ʲôô
һʵϾڳ˶ǼϤģһüѿֺûиһ˵ȥĻᣬһѽһץסҪߡ
һѽһһֻץסˡ
ǵĻֳǻӭģǼȥ
û˵֮Ķв˼
ֺ׾ʹ˴˵ϧĽһקקβúһͼ飬ֵֺĿġ
ų潩֣һֻöԼ˵˼٣һֺ˵ģġ
ԣȻܲԸǼȻһѾˣúһԼʧɿ֣һֺ뿪ˡ
Ļһ־磬żѣҲǰùͷ˾Ͷɢȥˡ
ֺźһ˺ߣ޴µĺӣ֪ذ˵ġ
Ǻһȿˡ
Ѿˣ֪ô
ֺһôܣԼǴ֮δȷϵƽյĽӴǺ٣ôͻˣ
ô֪ģֺѯʡ
ȸҲϣĺӳûиףҲž뿪㣬ʹ˶ϡ
һҽͣȲܻеġ
һֺĽͣϾѾʵԼǰǸҽԺм챨ǲдġ
źһͷӣֺżĿڣȻûȷ֤ݿ㻳еʱҼǵбŻ֢״һֱڱóԺúȫûܻС
ֺ˵ĵȷʵǺһĻм챨档
Ѿм챨øҿˣα˵
һѾңֺѾȫʧȥģûа취ѾñŮ˻еֺ
ֹһᣬһ˵ֺеġ
仰Ѿֺ̡




423 㴩ɴÿ
 

һֺ̬ĺû취ľ档
Ҷ˵ȻеεģΪʲôң
һЩ̵ĿڣȶѾм챨˳Ҫô㣿
ˣſңҪȥˡ
ʱֺǽһյĽģһſһ뿪ˡ
һҪ뿪ֺȴûаֵ˼
Σֺˡ
͵㣬ٸǵĸһôһʵģ㵽ʱҪͼҲһʱɣ
һֺҪȡ֣ԼѾ¶Ҫͼһúˡ
Ҫ˵ٴŻף֮Ѿǹȥˡ
ֺһ§סһҲЩֻһѡҲ
һΣֻ˳ֺ˼˵ͷ
ֺܸˣ͹ˣԼлվںһػ˷ܵһѱźһתȦȦ
һЩ˼ȭͷֺǰ˵ֻ
ˡ
ֺȴԺһܻĺгţǺһԸΪθò
ֺ˵ģãҵûȥһ
ֺǵúһв죬Ļһغɫ˹˹ϣһڸʻֺĺ
жãûһ񾲵ĴһǺܾúܾ֮ǰˡβ·ֺ̣ȴСʱһҲûпڴߴ١
Ǳ˴˶ݵʱ⡣
ȵ˽ãֺ³һȦΪһ򿪳ţŻɴĺڣչ˺һ㵽Ůȫġ
̨ףһͷ㲻ýȥˣ͵ɣ·Լߡ
ֺϣ뵽ͺһ֮ľԼ˿̽ȥȷһѵʱ̣ǾӺһĻ뿪ˡ
˿̿յģֻмǰ̨ϣɫĪק½Աߡ
磬ô
ĪСţССԴ׷ʲô飬ȴ֪ӦôοԼĸ磬ֻԼССֽż硣
Լŵ˼ĪĪӵ˼СһԴһѿ΢Цû£Ī¡
˵ҲĻرżĪʱ˿̣Լڻϸ뿪ˣҲǴҪůҪӵ
һƿõţĳһһСӵǰ̨ϡ
Żɴȹڣ˹ȥ
Ҳ̧ͷ۾ϲ
ˣ
˵һѱסһһЩΣϾԼոյ˺ǰˣǼȻܹԼΪ
һɼ籧ţ˺һƽ顣
ɿ˱źһ֣Щæҡ
ԲЩʧ̬ˡ
ûϵģ磬Ҫ˵
ǲ²⵽˺һĻװģԵԼ󷽡
û£˵ɣ
ҳҶֺи飬
һû˵꣬Щزˡ
֪ģ֪ûзǸǿģһ㰮ҵġҡ
ʧصҪػԼӣһȫǸˣǼѵļ˵ǵĻ¾Ⱦʹհɣϣٸһʱ䡣
ĻһֱͷҲ֪Ļʲô
һټ˵Լ˵ڵǺģȴһһżһġ
ŸһĪҡҡ½ǡ
̧ͷźһװԼû˵ӣ˵һصĻ
˵㴩ɴÿ߹
˵ŷ·Ҫ޳кӵʱۿģȴûһµ
һ֪Լôظûʸ˵κλ˺ǰꡣ
Բ𡱺һտڣһơ
˵ˣҶҲΪѵģȻҪٵȵǾٵȵȰɣҸʱ佫ֺӼ䵱ֻǰʸػ㣬ֻΪѡ
󣬺һû취ܾ̫ˣԼһֱǻڵģһǸмģǰ˵߾ߵлĹǽڵһλһ̫úһˡ
м֮޷ü򵥵ӵ˺һһ£֮תСĪ뿪˽ãվڽ⣬գʣһƬơ
һټĽҲ뿪




424 
 

һߣֺҲص˹˾
ֺ־Եĺɫ˹˹˹Ѿ׼ùȥŲ
ֺĹ˾һпܶݹҹ˾нˮͬҵкǿɹۣϰ͵ôʮ־
ֺӳﾶֱԿ׵ݸù
лл
ֺȻ˵һ仰Ͼ亹æصܲ롣
ṳ̂˾վֺ࣬㱨Žֺг̰š
ֺ֮ȴ˵ȥһȻе龿ô¡
õģܲġ
˵еԣϽסǡ
ֺע⵽ˣȻȥϢ
Ҿܾнݼˣһ˾˶ܲñˣºͣﾹȻܲϡ
ʱȴ绰ֺܽ𣿡
ֺܾģ뵽ȻѳƻԼĺӵ飬˼ȥǾȥǴӦȡ
紦깫ֺؼˡ
ˣ
ܼǰùֺĹİֱֺ˶¥ȵҡ
ߵߵߵ
ֺãȵķû˻Ӧ
ô£
ֺŤתһŰ֣žȻˣӳǷϵƤ
ֺ˽ȥԡˮƺϴ裬ٳɣùƤȵֻ˳
ֻģֺ˺üζûʲô򿪣˼ȥֺԼһ£û뵽ֻȻˡ
ԡˮȴͣˣϾҪˣΪ˷ֹȷԼ˵ֺֻٷֻȴһҽעϵˣ뵽˵Լе飬ֺϵʽˡ
ʱȴԡԡ˳ֺϽֻŻȵƤֺϲˡ
ôôã˵ͻô硣
˵һѱסֺĸ첲Ҫֺ
ֺһѽƿˣ΢ЩΡ
гپˡ
⻰ΪԼؼҽͻΪֺͣԼҲ֪
Ȳֺ֪ղŵСֻǺֺܸǰؼԼΪֺ׼ֺͣȴܾԼȥ鷿
ֺļκεطǿȥģΨ鷿ֺ۾ǽһûоǲԽȥģֻйܼżȥɨǺһǰҲǸֺܹȥ
ȿֺ߽鷿֪ԼܼźǾɥ
ֺ֪ȴ鷿ﲦͨ˸ղŵֻϵʽҽ
ãȵҽô
Էǲ죬ô֪æʵ˭Ҫʲô
Էǣֺ֪ԼҶˣѯʡ
ȵѣĲôҵ㡣
һԷȵѣһʲô֪ӣҽͷˣһظİɣûġ
ֺ֪ʱ÷ˣ˹ǡ
Ըлһȵչˣ㿴ʱôǿԼһô
ֺ˼ĺԣҽƬ̣Ƕʲô֪ѣҪûҪһǮǺˬĴӦֺ
õģԼطɣҹ͹ȥ
ֺ֪ѾϹˣж
繫ݣ㡣
˵ֺ͹˵绰ֻ֪ܴȵĻõ֤ݾͺá
ǸȵҽһԷԼĵط˽˻֪ȵһ£Դܸˡ
ڶ죬ֺȥ繫ݵȴҽ
ҽڷĴ½˰˵ǰȴöķӭҶ֮䴫ķƮš
ֺװһǳɹʿһץסֵֺãҾȵҽ
ãһſҪġ
⻰ҽ۷Ź⣬ɼǼˡ
ֺĻȴһת׸ģֻҪ㽫Ȼеһһʮĸҡ
ԣҽƺЩ˫пֺȵЦ˵ȸûлУм챨αġ
ֺԼҪģͰڰ֣Ŵ򿪣šҽ˵롣
˼ԲҽЩӣǮѾ֣Ҳûʲôˣˬ뿪ˡ
ߺ¼˫ֵݸֺܲãѾȫ¼ˡ




425 
 

ֺù¼ʾ뿪ˡ
ʱȻֺļ˿ûвԼıѾˡ
λѳԼгɹһ޳ֺ֮⣬ԴȺ⣬ֻҪԼ֮ԺôֺὫ˼Լϡ
ʱֺˣһƿȷš
ʱֺӦڹ˾ģȴ³
ܷʲôԼ֪飬СɳϾԼ
ôô
ȵع򶨣ֺû˼ټȥֱӿżɽ˵㻳ˣҵģ
ԣȵ۾һֺ֪һȥ˺һԼеֻǺͺһˣ벻ڶˡ
̧ͷˮֺֺʲô
ȥһˣǺһΪʲôҪȥǲǣ
ȵǸܺߣ⸱ƽֺܻϧŮ˻ѳԼУһԼ߸ߣһݲֺٶ֮ġ
Ļô
ֺ˿ûй˼ȵ״̬
Ȼ鵫ǻǼ˵ԼѾֺĺӡ
ֺĻĽ¼˳
¼شˡҽֺĶԻһ̱ڵϡ
ʱ˿̣֪Լˣˡ
ֺǰŮ˷·һ˲䱻ȴûټĿϡתš
ܿ죬¥ºɫ˹˹ĺֺҪȥİŮ˽͡
ֺ쭳·ϵĽͨ챾׷ҪͣǺǸƣȴʼ׷Ϊֺ·һ·ֺ˳ؾ͵˼ҡ
ʱҲǵƻͨ˶ѾϢˣֻ˻ҹ
ĵҹͻȻ¥´ĺеЩԺȴˣոҪһᣬˡʹ˳
ʱ벻˭û취ֻ̺ܽȥ
ͨèۣϸ˿ȴǲʶġ
ȥɣһϵ
˭Ҳǲˬģ˵̬ȲǺܺãֺﻹܵǸ۶Ǿһ
Ҫһ
˵ţֺŵˣû취
ֻܴ绰СˣһϳֺƬϰ壬һ
ֺʱȻؿڣϰ壬ҪҵôǾͺá
˵ƹƹҵؾÿʼһš
˿Щ£͸Ͻܽ˼緿䡣
ү˵ҪһС㡣
ĸܺãǸոռ绹ߺִȥ
͸èۣ翴ֺеĴҹ˯
ȻˬǼĽֺš
ʲô飿ûµĻ͸Ͻ뿪
ֺ罫뵽һ
⻰ڳ˶ˣһֱڼټԶֺ
ֺŲǸֻǳšҪһ
ֺе״̬ĿĺȷҪһ
ʲôʸ㲻ģ֪Ǹҹһվڴжô
֪Һ֮飬ֲ
ֺ˿Щȭͷֺվȥ
ֺѪ֣뵽һԼ˺ѣûнһȭ
ֺԾ˵Ҫһ
ֺԼĴ߱ȴûУѪҲҪһֺ˼־⣬Ҳֺ֪İһġ
ʱһӶ¥ˣ¥¿ˣ۾һƬãȻ
ʱ䣬Ī֢Լչº˲Ͼһֱ㼾Ī˯¥³³ѼĪҲȴû뵽ֺˡ
ˣʲôأ
һ¥ֺϽǰлҪ˵ӡ
ԼȥҲûʲôãֻǳźһ˵ͷʾһ¾¥ˡ
һҲûż磬ϾĪʱһڷҲġ
ĪԱ֢СڿյķѰĺӻҪкܶ࣬һֱǼ˯ģںһ˲źͺһһϢġ
ҵǣŵȥŴ򿪣ĪԾ˿ûбŵ
һָָֺɳ˵ǹȥİɣ




426 
 

ںһ飬ֺ˹ȥ
һɳϣֺнվһԣȫûиովǱҲҪԼоֺֺֺЦ
ɣʲô˵ɣ
ֺϷӦֱںһԱߵҸ߹ȻΣȻҲ鵽Ǽٵģõ֤ˡ
˵ʲôһǲŵġ
ֱֺӽ¼˳ϡ
¼ĶԻʱֺҽģһһԭԼֺˡ
ԲҲӦòĽͣӦġ
ԣֺûʲôƽϣӵźһʧõı
ûϵģֻҪܻصߣĶ˵Ҫ
ͻؼҡ
ҹģҲʵ㣬ǺһֺֺǿԴӦģ뵽Ժһһһ⣬ںһߣôԼͺһ֮ͻֺġ
Ժһ˵ҵ㣬ھͻؼҰɣؼҡ
һû취ֺܾͬ飬˾뿪˼ļ
˺һֺ¥˼Īķ䡣֪Լҵүû˯ţ˶ż˵үһСѾֺ뿪ˡ
һ洫һƮƮģ֪ˡ
ҲȥϢˣߵҹڻعƽ
ΪֲԼԺһĿǷֺΪһ׼һʢĻ
׼ϣֺԵúǻźһȥѡΣһǲֺõģԶûֺĿʽ
һϣֺǧΪһ׼һӢŮʵΣЩ紫Ϊ̸
ʲôܲΪһЦǧıⲻ˻Ըȥġ
ֺӹƴʦΪһƵĻɴȻҲǲƵģǰһ˾ãֺõĶһ
ûãӭֺͺһʢ񣬵ͷﶼˡ
ֺΪ˴ԺһĵǻΪ˸лԼͺһìܵʱԺһչ˺ܵҲ˼ǰμӻ
ǰӣһ,ǷԸӳΪɷ޽Լ?ۼǽ,κ,,չ,,,Զ겻ֱͷ?
һװĵֺҸ˵Ǿ䡰Ը⡣
̨µļǣżĪ͵ˣԼĻһҲնĻشöð
ЩʧǣżĪЩˡ
ĪСĶԼ˵ţۡ
ŷӦɿһѽĪ
ĪССԴǰɻָĳ治֪ʲô
ⳡʢܿҪˣȴߵ˼ǰʵڼõʱע⵽˿Լһֱû
ٲǰڨҪ뿪ˣҲסˡ
վڼǰ
ã㽻ѣϵʽô
ǲ죬ûڣĪССԴת˹
С㣬Ůһֽ
ԼĪϲͻİˣͨ죬֪˵ʲô
Ǹ΢ЦͱżĪ뿪ⳡʢֳɫõ˹ȴоԼۡ
Ȳһ׾ʹ˷Ůˣ֪ԼѾֺˣԻôҲδɡ
켾°߳ҽԺͱǰȶš
ǰŮӣŻеӰģʵãʲôô
ҽã㣬ҪһȥһӰ֪ҽϲ
Ů룬Ϊһʿû취ܾģ뵽ڼԱ֢֢ļĪû취ľȵ롣ǿڣ˼û취ȥ㿴Ӱʵûʱ䡣
ҽûдĻѾ°ˣʲôҪô
ȲƵѯʣ֪Լܾ뿪ǿֱӸࡣ
ҼиĵܵܣҪչˡ
ʲôûֱ˵ЩҲԼټȥȻߵһΪÿ·һƣûټ˵ʲô뿪ˡ
ǻǻعͷͶ΢ЦԼǸ⡣
ȼȻҪ¼磬ô͵öһϵе˽⣬˼ȥ뵽ͨҵˣܸ˽⼾ϲõȵȡ




427 
 

һм籾˶ǲ֪ġ
ȥ˼еӶˣŵһ20Ŀ
ЩǮ㹻ҵӶҿΪͿһ꣬һϵڱӶĶˡ
ģС֪һ֪޲޲
˵Ӷ˽ȷϵп
Ҳ飬ֱӿѯʣ˵иĵܵܣ岻ãʲôô
ԣӶЩɣ֪ò˵Ҳע⵽ı仯
Ǯɾ͵ð¡
⻰вҵӶҲ˼һı顣
Һ˵ʵɣĪǼĵܵܶǼĶӣʱ綼ѾǸǰŮѷˣǸŮͻȻ˻һϢǰ˼ĪӴ˼͵˸Ī񣬿ǼĪԱ֢֢СͲ޲ֵġ
˵Ҳ֣үǲôŮ򽻵ƫһħһҪǸŮһԴӼĪĸȥ֮ͷһ⡣
߶߶˵żĵεΣԼ˼֮С
Ȼһ׾پ͵õ˼ֺԼصˣԼ˵ĽǼٵģǽĽʲôãֻнԼ
¶ҪԼȹµ뷨
ͼҵӶ˷ֿ֮ȾֱӻؼˣȴֺһҲڼԭһԴӺֱֺ֮Ӱ˹һӿֻصͬһµҪǰȶգȾÿǼȥû취̫ƽ
һֺ»ʱʱ̶̿÷ֿһѰ޵ȥ߲Ȼؼ⿡
Ȼǰֺ˼ƭԼǼȻһסһҲôС۵ŮҲͽȵʳҲ׼ˡ
һڳΧ黨ΧȹֺҲȥæϴֺҲǱֱŵģǺںһɣܿһζй˾ͳˡ
ֺæйһϲ˹ȥȵòʱˡ
Ҳͺһֺһ˲ͣһֱ޻ģֺֻͣĸһв˳˵仰
ɪӣҲ֪⻹֮Ϳˡ
ҼǵòĻĩǼա
⻰һв˵Ŀͣˣ뵽ӵȷĩǼա
Ȼǳ񲻻ɢˣô˵綼ԼĹۣһԼӦΪ׼һա
ü羡ӱ߳
ֺ֪յΪ˽֣û취һͼ绹ǺѣﲻˬһΪôһ򵥵նԼҲûκΰ취
ǲ˵Լ͵һֱˬȥɲֺ硣
ڼյģ
ȻҹۣȻΪһ׼ա
һֱֺ׳ռˣⲻǺԵô
ѲֺԼͼֻ֮ǵѹϵһüͷˡ
ֺºһò׽źȢɲΪһ˶ˡ
ˣ˾ͺãҾʡ
˵ֺһвˣһֺĶҲ˼ټ˵ʲôˡ
˵״̬֪ԼĿĴﵽˣڶֺѾûʲô뷨ˣֻ¼磬ӺһϲˣԼޡ
ٷԵĺΣȫûһʼĸо
һ˼ڲ˾ͽƵһԣʾԼѾԱˡ
ðɣеˡ
һϽ뿪εĵطֺźһԾǶԼںˡ
ȿֺʱԺһʱ̹ĵģںһ˵Լ岻ֺȻʲôֶûУ̫ϳˣѲĿġ
һ룬ȸϽҲҪ뿪ֺȴһץס
ѹ˵¡
û취Ͼסıֻü
飬Ծ飬ֺе
Ҿ㣬Ҫٺһǰ˵֣رǼ磬ҲϲһҼˡ
Щţǻǿװ򶨣µָŤһ𣬷·ڸԼ
ƽ̻һ
ЩߣֻΪԼҲ˵仰ֺݺһ¡
Ҹ㣬ҵţԼչˣֻǲϣ߽ͷ
ֺЩƵļƣȴȡ




428 һͬǰȥ
 

ǺһᶨΪʲôֵʱĲɡ
Ȳӵضֺ˵ƻ˵ĸ飬ڳԷʱἾ֣ƺõġ
ֺĻĬü֪λȵĻ
һʱ벻ͨȻˣɺһԼĸ鵽ôģȻԲں˵ȴǱղźһһʹġ
ֱߵĿط£Ӵ淢ǱߵʱҲֹͣ˵ڼžķԵøԡ
ȳעʱĹ˹ǣģǱĻӰˣЦһ
һѾԼķˣֺ쿴ԸԼ׽ƽﶼûеġ
תһתĺûɲܴ
ֺԵλԭǺһŵģںһˣߵλþͿ˳
ڿճλϣվȻߵҲţֱֺļ磬Ҳ̫Ϊˡ
ֺûлػҳһţղ˵ĻԺлطţŵüͷҲʾķҡ
еֱߵļϷһֻ֣ʱûоȥЩֱˣĥһ
Ȼ鷢չֺҲû˼ԷֱӷԸӶ˽ʰˣûм˵ֱӾ¥ˡ
ȿȥıӰԾۣعǡ
ֺص˷䣬šŰ־Ϳױ̨ǰĺһϴ·ѾǸղ洩һˣڻױ
ȻھĴ磬ԭÿӾκԵøӾ£ΪԼ׼ֱѾźױ׼ˡ
ֺһǸղ˵ܿǼգҪϳȥģǿѹ·УǰڵҪȥʲôΪңǱˣ
Ϳ˿ں죬Сʱú޵ģϵױݣóĵɫܺá
շ¿ںֺĻеĿܲã˵֣ŭ
ҲĽһʱԭأĿԣŵľ½ǣ֪ô
ֺ˵һˣҪȥǸû
һʱı޷ѹֽ֣ճȭϵıҲԾŭ塣
һ򴽣ֺܿԴˣζûбӶܸоõֺԼŻǼգҲܲȥ
ֺ̾˿ֻü統ѣֻǸѹնѣ㲻Ҫ롣
ֺ⻰ԷЩҲԭֻڵһͣǺһҲôãԷһԣŮҲˡ
Ǻһӣǲ᲻ȥģԼҪ˵ȥǳԼС˶ҪϵģŮһԴʲô¡
˵ȥȥˣǲġ
룬ڵȻգҪһ
һ۾һǲ֪ȻĴӦˣǶЩԾ
ҪһȥҲǲԣ˵ͷ⸱ģһȥԼҲȥ
ãǾһȥɡ
ֺǿ˵ͷԼҲһȥˣʱһͼͲܱʲôˣһͬǰȥڼȨ
ôȥ·˼ɫӾֵ֪ơ
ؽ·óھǰȶһʱһȥԱǻᷢһߡ·ȥˡ
һģ̲סҡҡͷƽڹ˾Ǹɱϵģ벻ҲëͷСһҳԴס
ղŵɾٶȫ˺һУ˳ǣױǰױ
໯ʱǱߵš֨ѽһˣתͷȥֺѾ·ˡ
ճ·ڴһɫװûʲô飬ؿžӡ
װúֺܳʣɫܳȣϵʮ־£·һ塣
ֺúܳڣһֱ֪ҲôСһֱǰ̵ԭ
һֱΪȴԼˣؿֺĿġ
һССһ£Լ˿ûмˣʲôģ˦ü֡
ȻţϲΪسһȥȴԼȥμ硣




429 ջ
 

ʱ÷ɿ죬ûãᣬҪˡ
һһ¹ӣȻױ̨ǰһԼױݣоԣȻŰ׼š
ܿ죬һ˼ı
һոսȴɽ˺ˣȻһոճ֣ڳʿ׷¶˾ȵĿ⡣
ۣƯŮӣ
ʣ
УҪȥڨ
ţ֮Ŀ˵źһ˹뾡ְ취ҪһԻҫԼı»Ǳ˵õһ
ͻȻһΣһǿЦãһֲЩˣֻһһЩ˵ԼʾԼǹμӼջᣬû뷨
Щ˵ͣһܹѸٸϵջ᳡
ʱǸĪɨһ᳡ȺУûҪǸϤٻӰ
ô£
һأôû
ǲûи֪ͨ
ĪϵڳЩЩ޹ĿżĪΡ
ʱ򣬺һͻ˿˵ذΧȻջ᳡һ۾ͿڷŭļĪȻ󻹲С˼Ī
һЦһ£ߵ˼ĪߣĪС΢ЦŵСһôĺһ㣡
㣡Ī˺һ֮תŭΪЦںܶڳ¼Ī̾˽һĻС
ԭʱһǳʵŮˣȡ
ȿһڼĪߣͻȻ䣬ǳˡ
ŮǲҪѾˣֺҪ磡
УҲּܹŮˣţҪҴŮ˵Ŀ
ţȻѸǰߵ˼ĪߣһӾͽĪ
Īֻ7СҲǺأܹ׽
㣬ᣡſҰĪţȸϽԼ
ᱻһ֮Ůˣ壡
СһͲܷһЩεЦһ˴иһָһ¼ĪĶͷ
ĪԾһĹĵģȻȽŻصϣ˺һ֣϶˼ֺĿĿΧıǻȥǵ°ɡ
Щɴ⣬Ѹ뿪
ΪڳƯŮջ᳡Χˣ׷׳źһ˹
ÿһжžƱƺҪһȾƣһȻ֪֮ⲻھƣʢ֮£ֻһ֭ǳòΧ˵ͷ
ЦЦĺȻ⣬ȻڼĪ˵СĪ֪𣬺һɺˣȻһѾˣֻҪпգͻһʱˣ
ոճڣΧҪһ׽ɫ׷һ䣬ţĿתƿתȵϡ
ͻȻһĻȷǳĿĸо滹һЩˬںˣȴûиڴĻӦ
һȵĻ֮󣬵ȻȵڣǺξģһЩ˵ȴҲǲġ
һ̬ǳƽ͡
ǣһĻȿˣȷǳˬ
СĪһȻѾˣԺͲܾˣԺһ棬ôȿڴһƳһۺһ
ԣҪüĪԺһȥҺһ棬һǺһҼĪĴˣǺһûɶˡ
ոյ˵һѾǺܴڳҲ͸һЩˣڡ
ǿİ˼֣ڳˣȵĻ
ʲôҵŮȻѾˣ
ɣһʻţϣ
ޣһ޸˭֪ô֪ǲţϣǲֻм޸㣬ùޣ
ûʵȵ˼ҪһҪһ𣡡
µ޻˵ֻףŮ񣡡
Χμˣ׷Щ˵УǱʾǵŮһףҲֻ÷һ˵һЩĻȻˣҲȵ֮⡣
ڲԶһջǣȵĻз˾κˣĿһֱεĶźһȷʵûκα顣
ĬˣԵĿǸŮˡ
һж𣿡
죬ΪҪң
룬Ŀͣ˺һϣ˸ʱһЩߵ˼ԣҪԼ羴ơ
ǣЩ˺ܿ췢֣ƺûǣ




430 ⳵
 

ֺһĮĿż磬ǿΧ˸оΣкͽȸС
ֺúһԼѾˣŮˡ
Ǽ羹ȻһĿźһֺǳߣҲһ嶯
ֺҲ֪һŮôģƻҪͼʲôӴ綼һˣҪʲô
ֺϷǳĮȴǴԼͺһڵĶӣֺѾᵽˡ
εľ£ĪͻȻīȻ󿪿˵
Ҳϲ㣡ϲһ㣡Զ㣡Զ㣡
ԼĪͻȻ˵Ļīסˣīû뵽ڼĪȻô˵עºԼô˵
ĪĻȫ˲εľ档
һ˼ĪĻҲһ㶣Ȼ̧ͷһۼ磬֪졣
ֺźһͼһһܲζװǳӿżī
ī˼һ£Ϊ˴εľƣֻܶԼĪ˵
СĪôˣ
߿Ҳϲ㣡ϲһ㣡
Եڶαһ˵һЩʲôȴͣס˽ŲĬĬ졣
һڵ쳣ìܡ
ôãȴΡ
ڳֺӣʲôʸܼҵ顭
εľơҸô죿
硭Բջεľ棬Ǹ
һ̧ͷҪ˵īͻȻ˵
һĪϲ㰡
īСͼĪҲøùϵ𣿡
СǵúĪСҲǵġ
īĻͺ˵һͼúһһʱҲҲʲôõ˵ǡ
īڵĳ˵ΣֵԲϺˡ
ī˿ĪȻԼ˵
ڼĪǻҲǺ죬Ժͻˡ
ϲ˭ҪϾСһ
Ժһõģû£ҲģԺĿ϶ûµġ
īװϺ˵ΪüһʱҲ֪˵ЩʲôһεЦЦ
ȻװܵĶī˵ͷȻĸо֪ȽϵıŤ
ī˼ľٶҲֻЦЦ
Ͼľٶ֮УڼĻӦ⡣Ǽ˽ӲĻشīҲ֪ȥһλ
ʱվһԵĺһ˿ʱ䣬Ȼֿ˿Ѿɶԣ˵
˼λһЩʧˡ

뺰סһ뵽ֺûнסһ翴źһԽԽԶɬصͷЦЦ
ԭҶҽסˡ
һжزȥ𡭡
ŽԼܹϸС
ֺ˼ľٶͬʱҲûеͷа̫࣬ɬʧѹ
ֺûйܼҵ£Ҳûںīڳ˵뷨ܣֱӳȥ׷һˡ
һֱܳ˼ҵԺӣ·ԱԼһĬĬš
һһһ˵
ǣôֵ졭
ҪңڵɶվԷǳá
磬ôˣЦˡ汧Ǹ
ʵҲѾزȥˣһʸ뼾ҵ顭
ҿ϶ԲѾ޸ֺˡ
һҹ¹⣬ҲЩǸĵͷ
ϣҡ
ҲȥԼλˡ
磬ҲԲ֪Ǽҵ顭
ںһ·ҲûгҲ˿ߵ̵ơǾںһߵһʱ򣬲洫ȵ
˵Ҳ֣ûˣȴͻȻȡ
һһͷͿŴƵĳҲûü㿪
͵Ѫ
һײһ˲䣬Ժֺ֣Թȥˡ
һѪҲ֪ǻ
һɵѪΧ·ǣһӼֺ߳Ҳһ
ֺطֺһǺһʱԵһ㶣Ȼ̰ǿȺܵ˺һߡ
һѣһһѣ
ҡ
Ÿʲô120120
ֺѪĺһ˾
˾óֻ120
ֺһֱźһҲĺһϵѪ䵽Լϣһֱıźһ֡
һֺһͲԼˣͻ뿪ˡ
ֺźһһֱȻֺźһ˾Ȼһ·ʼûɿһ֡




431 
 

ֺźһ˾ȻھȻЩ֪ؿźһոջǺúõģǳһĹôôʹһ˱
ЩûڣԼʱûϸҪĻǲǾͲֵᷢزˣ
Ǹʱʲô鶼ûˡְûֺеζƵԼϣһôлػĺһ
ȥʱ򣬺һѾѪУ֪ʧѪôֵܼܲҽԺУϳһˣΪʲôڻûеҽԺǵҽԺҲԶΪʲôٳû
ãһ»жòŵҽԺܲܿһ㣬¡ֺ͸¶ŵǣڿ˵һһ붼Ȳˣо˰һʱȥһ룬ǾȻǳٳûеҽԺ
µȵһҽԺʱˣʧȥһ֪һʲôʱ˳ȥʱ򿴵ѪʱͻˡʧѪ࣬ǺһˣҪ·ϵˣǿô졣
ʿڰæ֮гջֺһ:ڲϳûãҲӦÿҪˣȲҪżʿΪһֹѪػʱĶûͣ¡
ֺܲż𣿣ûпƲסϾʿڻΪһֹѪᱻһʱżԻӣҪʱǵľȻ
ΨһľǾصţСĬĬţһû캦飬үһôľͰѺһߣţһһƽƽģһᡭ
Ȼźһֺˣ¹ʵصһ̯Ѫһˡ
һγǺһͬĸúȻһΧźһתҶĺһƣֺҲΪһһȥҽԺԾû׷Ρ
ģͲǹҪһ˼ûôһ⣬Ǳ˻ĻײˣײˣҪպֺǺһߵ׷һҲ
Ȼھδײ˺һ뿪¹ʵص㣬ųȽԶĵطԺȫոշµĴ벻ͨˣΪʲôúõģײ˺һҪǺһʲôĻɲŹֺҲŹɣ
һ𡭡ã˶촽仰Լֺ˫ۣӾͿʼָոյĳ
ֻźһңΪ˲ҪһλῪųغ룬ȻѺһײˣ
Ȼ£Ϊһ飬һ⣬û˼ôûоĺȻŵðȻ޺һûҪ
ֻϿųܵºΨһһ뷨ϿˡûҪôˣҲǿߵʱƳһ۵ڵϵĺһ
ǸʱȫѪ˵СǵһοôѪΪʱôܲţӾֻһ뷨ܡ
Ǹʱĺһû˺
ҡҲɱһɣĲģһôôܻأҪôúˣĲģֻҪû£ҾûΣֻҪ
ȻڰοԼҪƭԼһײһ¶ûСԽ˵ԼԽңô֪ܲƭԼأô֪ܲײ˻ôѪһֻѾˡ
ԽƭԼԽţһƬңԼһ˫֣˫ָûǰõôÿֻеһƬġϾ˫֣մһѪ˫֡
ô죬ô죬ɱǲҪ̣вУһôᣬôΪǰ;Ҫ׷վ𡭡
ȻѾ϶һˣġ޷ʵͷˣոպµεѾںˣﻹһֱš
һˣˣǺܺ𣿣˺ð˲źãŲˡǺǺǣһ֪֪жôϣҿǼˣǺǣѾԸԳˣҲҲ
˵ȻЦˣЦúܡˡ
˺ð˺ã˵ĺȻһֱ仰˵껹һֱЦšͲҪģѾˣԽɱ˺һʵԾ͵ˡ
ûзʱ֪ǻҲܡ




432 ʧȥ˫
 

ȻĻصУĸ׿ӣææǰѯȻǲʲô飬ôôţ
һֱ˫ֵĺȻĸ׵ĻԺͣеĶĸ׿˺óһʱԺһ۵Ŀ˳رסĸףﺬġ
ĸףҰѺһײˣööѪÿ£Ȼ˵һԵĺɫѿĸͻȻת˻⡣
Ȼ˵ʲôǲܵʲôţôܹ˵Ůӣж˵ĻŰɡ
Ȼȫûĸ׵һһ˸˵ԭתȦȦüͷĲġ
ϷɣһһԷ֪ᷢһЩʲôĻո˵꣬ĸûзٵĴźȻص˷
ĸոմźȻص˷ûжãм촳˽һѾ죬һ˸ղźȻ˵һѵĻġ
ϻôһ£ȴһ侲Цģ֪ҼΪһЩʲô飿
֪ҲһǵˣһӲ֪Ӧô˵һ
ûмԺһ쿪˵ȻһײˣڱҪһ¡
ʲôȻƽôŮӣô飬һֱǽӦ˹
˵֪ǹӺȻҲپһЩʲôĿ˵ۿ˺ȻˣӦǻصɣ
˵ڼ䣬һӿʼѲ֪ȥҲûа취סȻһӰԼ
Լ˺ܳһʱԺǼ¥ʱ򣬿˵ղҵŮһģұ÷˴ȥϴһ£һᡣ
˺˵ͣԼеĶɳϣڰԺһ
ȥһ£콻ԼӶԺԼҴҵ¥ȥˣĸοźȻͻȻ˺ԺһЩ֡
Ȼһȥһ°ɣȻ˸˵ѽѽĽٵĶĸ׵
ŵŮ󣬡ҪŮȥ
Ҫ뿪!򵥵Ľһ£ĸ仰Ժɫøѿ
ΪʲôĸԼŮһЩʲô˵ʱ򣬾ͻȻˣȻ˾һŵ˳ȥ
ոջûܳȥͱץүˡž콫һֱڵĺȻߣҲһ仰û˵
ĸŮߣҪһЩʲôǿ˺ϬԺͷˡ
·ϣ쿴źȻӣôһ㵣ģѯʵ˵ӦӦýҽԺ
˶ӳԺĳ˼֮Уһܲľߣ磬ֱӽ͵ҽԺӳؾֻ㱨
ãӳԺ󣬾ûԥĴӦˣͷжȻ㱻͵˾ҽԺ
ҽԺҽھŬκһͷ󺹵ҽԺϹŵ΢Ц
һֱڼſڵֺҽԺ󣬼Ҵҵӭȥѯʵҽҵôˣ
ѾΣգѹɣҽ˵Ժ׼뿪ǣֺȴͻȻʲôסҽĸ첲
һ£ôûʲôӰ죿ҽ仰ԺԼĶͣһ¡
ѾˣɲʹþҪԼˡҽ˵Ժ󣬱뿪ˡ
һСʱԺ󣬺һˣոҪʱͻȻԼ˫ȶû֪ˣһ졣
ֺҵôˣΪʲôûֺ֪ŵı飬ļ򣬡ģ
οóһʱԺ󣬻Эˣֺҽ˹һѵļԺ󣬺һһڴӿ
ҽҵܹܲκãҽڴӣĴ̾һֺ˳ȥһĿ
˵˫Ѿʧȥ֪ԺվĿԱȽСҪ϶ȹһӡ
ֺ仰Ժһӻˣȴ侲ţҽ㲻ҪϢо
ãҽֺĻӦˣڽһѵԺ󣬲ȥĲˡ




433 ޴
 

ֺҽ뿪Ժ󣬴վſںܳһʱԺ˽ŴϵĺһһЩûа취
һ񿴵ֺĲԾĿѯʵֺҽ˵ҵô㲻ƭңʵʵ˵ɡ
ֺû뵽һȻôֱ˵˳оһ£ܿƽϹŵЦݡ
㲻̫ģҽ˵пܻκõģֻҪԺһЩֺ˵ЩҲֻΪ˰οһԺúõ
һȴûΪ𰸶ưոݣǼ׷ʵҵ˫վļж٣Ҫʵ
һԼܴĿվҽһԸԼġ
ֺû뵽һȻôϸȫûа취ӦҲֻúһģĽʵ˵˳
ҽ˵һӿܶ϶ȹôһ㼸ʿκõġ
һԺһסˣ˪һ
ֺϽ˵㲻Ҫ̫ھɥֻҪŬѰҸõҽһԽκõġ
ǣֺĻǶ˵һһȫûзӦ
ںһ˵ͺһԼѾʧȥһԼĺӣҪʧȥվĻᡣ
һ뵽ԺԼкܴĿܾҪ϶ȹоЩܹܡ
ֺһ㱵ӣһֱߴߴͣһջͲˣз꼫ˡ
鷳ȥһ£ҪԼһֺ仰Ժ˺ܳһʱ䣬ջǹԹԵ׼뿪
ոҪķŹסʱֺ̲סعͷ˺һ䣬һڲúþҾſڣʲôң㡭
ֺ֪ǼںһĴܴ󣬵ߵĻӲȥȻһԸ뿪
ֺ뿪֮󣬺һͽԼ˱۵Ŀ˺þãֱоЩƣеܲŽʧһЩ
ֺһνʱ򣬿źһ˯ŵӣ۵ԴĬĬ˴ߡ
֪˶Ժ󣬺һĴ˯ո۾Ϳֺ
ֺԺʮֵᡣ
벻ҪһЩʲôҿȥ򣬻оûоﲻ
ֺͻᣬһôһЩԾȴܲ˴ס˺ܳһʱ䡣
ֺΪһֻûзӦǸᣬҲǳů
ҪҪȥһߣղһϲԵĶ꣬Ҵȥ߰ɡ
һֺĻȻŲĽ᣺ȥæԼĹɣһҽԺܺã㲻Ҫһֱҡ
Ǿúܲ
ӣԺԥľܾ
ֺ仰Ժһץס˺һ֣ڽ͵ҪңһԺģһһֱ㡣
ֺΪһΪĻһЩȴû뵽ֻǻĽԼֳ˳һ仰Ҳû˵
һһֺûа취ܣôһˡ
һ仰Ҳû˵ת뿪ˡ
ǣ뿪˲ֺǲĺһһſڡ
ǿԼҪôϾһͻȻڵӣԼ϶ûа취ܡ
Լ˺ܳһʱԺ󣬲Ųôܡ
ֺͬҲʶˣҪúһԼ̬
ںһղŶԼе飬ֺе˸һʧһɶ
Ժֺ͸˲˺һһƲ֣ôһۣȴҲһӲ֪Ӧôġ
ԼüʱͻȻȷһ⣬ǾȥһЩһϲԵġ
뵽ЩԺֺԳȥѡһϲĶ˻ʱôᡣ
ԭΪֺȥĺһڿֺôһ˲䣬һ£ֺı飬ϴųЦݡ
˫ǰ˻ӣһôˣǲǿҴһѵĶܸж
Ųᣬһ㶼Զһһ뵽ԼԺжѣȫûԶ
źһֲĵӣֺԼҪһ취һֻҪúõĳԶһվ˵ģ
ҲҪһһӽֺݸԼĶƵԶԶģֺסһ²ŷӦ
úúã㲻ԣһ˾㣡ֺûΪĶһֱĶԴ
ϣ𣬴ϵ˶Ҵ뿪




434 һʧ
 

ܣǹ˾µĿ鷳㿴һ¡ǰһļֺİ칫ϡ
ֺһ߿ٵụ̂һͷţȳȥɡ
˵ͷȥˡ
תۣʱѾȥһСʱֺĿԼı棬һһ޸ţȷһת޳ָϵļϸϸ
ֿ̧˿ϵĽѾʮˡ
ֺ칫ϵĶɾȳȥˡ
ɫ˹˹ҹɫͬҵļֱı˳ȥ֪ΪδӸոϳʼ۾һֱͻͻͻܾͣûвõ鷢
ҽԺֺûаֱͣȥһĲΪĺһİȫһŹڣΪϰߣ㳷ˡ
ÿæ깤ֺһ
ΪҲһ
ǣŵʱȴַյģĻ˰
׵Ĳϱӵŵ룬ֺŵܽȥӣѾûˣȻѾ뿪ܾˡ
أΪ£ֺŵĴһ
ֵСʿþſڣò˵Сһ㡣
ʱϣܶಡѾ˯ˡ
ԣֺתСʿͫС΢΢졣
ʲôֱֵ찡Сʿֹš
ĲأֺȻС࣬Ľ͸
Ϊżɤżɳƣʮ㡣
Сʿٳɫ鷿ģϾͲˣ᲻ȥ˰Сʿ̽ڡ
ֺ֪ҲʳʲôڲҲȫûãϾѾȷһѾ뿪ҽԺˡ
סеķƣֱԽСʿһͳ绰һš
ȫһϢСʱڣһСʱ֮ظҵȫøˣ
յĺ̹֡
Էȫ񾭣ǣ
ֺĿƺڿɲ̫ͷ϶ϾֺɲǺǵġ
Ч죬ӣеĺ˳Ϊ˱ɵľæ
ֺԼҲ뿪ҽԺͼݳȥ˺****ȥļطûҵʱһһĹȥһգ۹СʱȥˣѰҺµ˹ǶܱˣûкһӰӡ
ֺϢÿһûҵֱҪˣŹȥСʱȴùȥһ͡
գ֮䣬ǸӢ˧С壬ΪصıϵװѾңͷҲ˲ȥΨһ˫۾Ϭޱȡ
һֺ֣ģв䵭
һ飬֣һ˼㳹ʧˣӰӶûҪҵ
ϣˣֱ춼ڷˣһϺһǽ֪
ֺԸֱӵȼһ̣ڳﵭĮĳ⣬µںڰ֡
ԺǺһӣȴûкһӰӡ
治֪ŮȥҪֻϣʲôΣգһ׶༪١
뵽ֺκ
Ҫ˵ֺôһкܶŮߣϾֵ߻ŮϹ
ڲЩ֬׷ۣΨһͬϵ°࣬ο˫ҲΣΪҲм
ҲỹôעϹһӡ
Ҳ֪ԼԺһλϲֻǶʮģľͳϰߣҪչ˺Ļ˫ҲͲᡭ
Ƶĳ˼ֺ̣ȻҵĿƺӹһһ
ҪٳŶ
һ䣬ֺлʣһ̡
ԣϲˣ顣
ǣȥأ
ǱߣԸ˼ӿٶȣۿԼܲù涨ʱҪˣ㻹ûҵĻһȺ˶Ҫȥ޹ӡ
뵽Ϳ£æԸץٶȡ
ҹɫ˹˹
ֺϣϵ£ԼһŰɾС
ҪִʱȴɢǣһжĴ
ĳǰʱպһεСŮѵĹ·ֺǰһ׼³ȴ˲ǺһʧĻص˳
һ㵽
ǲǺܹ¶
ֺ̾˿뵽һһ˲֪ĸģľͺݺݵĴʹ




435 Ժ
 

ܣµŬˣ̽κһСϢ鶼ѾȥˣʧǲҲӦáԥһûа˵ڡ
ʹʻضҲֺĲ֪Ҫ˵ǡ֡
ֺ̾һδûҪִһ˷ʱ˷Ѿ飬һһεǿţ˼ʹһһǺĽǻַͷκһػش˵ȥ
֮ǰûκ׵شߣʧʱԼһ⣺һԼǧ˿ƹϵΪԭԼȥԼӦþʹ˷ֶ֮ˣӦý߾ȫȥҵԷ䡣
һֱûܸԼһ϶Ļش𣬵ѰҵΪ˺һִ𰸡
ܹԼ˵еĹµĻЩܽȰùģŻȥܾͻϣ
ֺӣҲ΢ЩۣϾʱ˵˵Ҳ̣ܲܵļ尾ԶԶֹֻܿôһ㡣
̽˾绰ʱ˵һ£΢΢죬Ҫ˵ȴԥˣߵĿ³üκС̽
ܣʵ˽̽˵һ£ֻ»ͺСûֱӵĹϵڿҪҪ˵СС˵ţ뵽ֺĶУǵ΢һ㶡
ûֱӹϵôǲ˵żӹϵ
Ȥ̧ͷֱֱִ³һ֣˵
˾׿ϣҲҪ˵ĻҴˣ˵ܾúСΣ˽̽ȥҳסֱ죬Ҳ֪ԭײϺСģǺСáȻ
Ȼ
ֺüһ壬϶˼ֲ⡣
֪һģһԺȻжţֻ˿еǻῪײˣǳˡ
ǸȻ
ȴûеһʱֺ㱨˵ſ칫棬Ȼǲ̫Ը˵Ȼȥ
Ҳʲôֵ£ֻҪ֪һѣһзִģʹôϵһҲֵòʧɵµġ
˿ϴһ㾽ȣǽҪ˵ʲôݵ飬ڻشȻײ˺С֮ͱ϶Ǿ񼲲ھԺ
ֺаȺȻвǼ٣̶ԼŸʱȥԺһ̽

߽ͨѶҿʼȻû̧ͷһֻֽۣһţץʲôȫעϣżᷢһճյЦ
ҽԱ߹Ǽֲֵӣƺǳ̬
ָֺߵ֮ŵǲͼķʽԷע⣬̧ͷȻдЦ⣬ãȻնģ޷۽һƿһͷ
㻹ǵ𣿡
ҿɲǵʶôƯĸ磬ԺҲҪסĻҿ¸ʶһ£
ֺ̫ȷԷ˵Ǽ٣㻻˸⡣
㻹ǵ˭𣿡
ȻϵЦһգŵشսڴͲԱС˵֪н㣿
ֺΪԼҵͻƿˣǺȻ֮ǰ˵ˡ
˵ҵĽҵУ̫̫ˣҴ֪Ĵڡ㰡һֻǵĺͺˣȥܱôġ
ֺеȫһ仰˻ȥʺһȥҲҴ̼Ȼһе̶һ뿪
˰ʱ̽ߵʱѾȷ˺ȻǹǰװɵģΪżȻ俴£סĶ
һ
Ψһˣֺ˵ǵȻѹǷҪʧѾòˡ
Ȼ˵ĺһǺǶԵģִʹûϧôǧбҲҲԷӰˡ
ǶԵģ궼òϢٻʱҲͽͣһԼôͲκνӽԼĻᡣ
ܣոȥصĸˣ˵˲ʾȻʵʵ˵ġ
֪
ôǻбҪĿ׳СϢ𣿡
ظɣǲĿеõҪ֪ģץסĺһ




436 ֻǸڵ
 

ֺ֪һȥԼѧε׼Сסһʱ䣬붼ûȥˣһҵ꿴
ⷿתⷿ˼Ҿʲô֮⣬رĶ
εתһȦͷжߵǰŷͷ
һεͦģҲվӳͷ
Ժ̺һɫڵˣ˵Цģ˵ʱ򣬺һĽ
ǿʲôس԰ֺ̻ʵĳţһſ˵̾ͳⷽ˹
εקźһصλϣһĶǲĹ
԰ɡεƵ˺һǰŶζЩȣǣѾˣȻҲˡ
ǲҶˡֺ˵ţȺһεӦӾͳȥ
һ߳ԣһ߰죬֮ԵĻĲˡ
ˣǸʲôġε̲ס˵һֺ
ֺεôһɣҭˣĴԼĿڣҾҵĿ˺üá
ԴװƯǣһרһġֺ˵ţһֻ־ʹεֱϡ
ε־һƺݺݵĴֺĸ첲ϣ۵İҽС
Ǹ̵ģҲ˽
Цӯӯ˵䶼ʰˣ˾͸ϽȥϢ绹Ҫȥˮϯ
ԭĹأȢǰҪʼˮϯˣũе
Ǹʼ޵һҵĹŮֺʵСŮƯҪƯСӾ׬ˡ
̵һЦƯƯֻ
ֹǵԺķ䣬߰˸λ˵˶ʱǻסģھ⼸ˡ
ǽסһˣֺ˵߽˷
һӼùζʮţֺȴûиоһ㡣
ûķ𣿡εⷿҲ⡣
ûˡǱЦݡ
أסʲôˣεָŶŵķʵ
Ƿʳķ䣬ס˵ģЪ°ɣҹϵ磬򣬶ҹﲻ߶ģһҪμǡ
̰еݸĶ֮󣬾ת뿪ˡ
ֺŶȣڴϣԱߵλʾǹȥ˯˿̵ֺƤƤһ˯ӡ
εƲһۣźһֺԶһλ£Ȼü˼š
ôε㣬ʲôԵôһε
ûУ˯ɣҹεԺһ˵񲻼ѡ
ôУҲû˯Ҫһϰҹһ°ҹôһ
ε룬Ӧˣε˯ΪûϢãԼһ¾˯ĸһʱεһҹ
ǣʲô¶ǵҡҡεһ
һ˵ͷֺ֮ǰͦӵģȴۺѾ˯ˣҲģǹ´尡ε˵ģ˶Σյġ

ֺѾ˺࣬һ۾ЩԵɵɵˣһǷ
Ȼʱͷʲô
ડŲǳˣһæ£ң̺ӡ
֨£һľűƿһ϶һæ֣һεεûж
ȴˣһۣ֣֮ǰԺ˵ˡ
߽˷ߵֺǰֺ򦣬ϸĿֺȻֳ߹ˡ
һصľţ˫ּ䵽ʱ򣬡žһ̴˵֡
ŪãдôѲ˲ˣϽĿǶʲôöˡ
̵д˷ܣͣתȥֺӡ
һ֪ĺڣٿ£ڰֺĶȫ˳
һߵһֹţⶼʲôͭ
ûʲôرĶ
˵ҲֺİһͨĻ֮ƺûҵʲôҪĶԣְЩȫ˻ȥ
ѵǣѹ̡
ûлشֻˣӷźã˾ôŵֳȥˡ
ǣ
仰ʲô˼̣ˣԭΪ˭
һ͵Ҫһֻһקסһ㶣Ȼתͷȥ㿴εѾ۾
ΣһҪڽ㱻εһס͡




437 ܿʱ
 

һ룬ոճȥ˾ȻֽˣǸոպһĶǸˡ
ԣǾ۷һ
εһ°ѺһסˣֻովѾǸˡ
˵ˣǻһ˯ģ߰ɣ˵š
漴³һѽ̸ƿΨֱ֮
ѽ߰æǷķţѸٵ׷˵ĺͷˡ
εɿ˺һ죬ѹ˵֣˯
һ㶵Ŀεû뵽ľֱӱ۾˯ˡ
һȻҲҪһǸ̶ͼı죬޵޷ߣһֱͷˣһűۣһ
һһˡ
˯ԵɵɵģεĽһۣŴͷһۣѾˣǱģԻЩ谵
һһĿʶĳֺķ˹ȥλѾյˡ
ε㣬ֺأһɵε
˼Ҹأ߰ϴһ£绹ҪȥˮϯġεѺһ
áһ˵ͷϽȥͷϴԺȪˮܷ㣬ϴ֮󣬱㿴ֺݵżǰ֡
һֺһۣǳ׵ıǸ̵ˡ
ǹĸɺóˡֺﻹŸ㣬Ķ˵
εֱӾͳŴſȥһҲεȥǾЩ¡
վڴſڣȴûпһ߶ǽʱҲһģ˺񶼲һ
̫ȣԴҶԸء
Ҳ֪ʲôʱѾϢĳǵˡ
һεĿҲһ˿ƸոҲûвǣܿ죬Ͼͻָ糣ˡ
ңѯ̣ˮϯʲôʱʼ
̳ЦЦ˵ˮϯһ㶼һ㿪ϯģڲϾŵ㣬ǻȥԵ㶫ӡ
ˣˣûг緹ϰߡεԾܾ
ҲûǿתͳֺķȥֺЦôǵĵ̸ιʳء
εƲһֺźһ˷
ﴰˣҲѹôһùζĿȫͨġ
¶Ҳ˰ɣεһ£Źϡ
һ˵ͷԼĶε˵һ飬εıأ̣Ȼ⡣
ǣε㣬˵Ƿ˶ΪʲôҶû¶أһĿεʵ
εһЦߺһȷȷʵʵû⣬ϣﱻ̼ˡϡ
Ҳ˰һһ£Լɳһء
ԵϵһҲ˼ܵˣԣ˺֡
ε˵ţ˺һһãȻЩˡ
ĺһļ˵£㡣
ε㣬ҪȻǻֱŵɣˡһЩ¡
εûпôɾ涼׸ˡ
ԣһ뻹սپϽҵţýƣȻ뿪
Уûз֣Щ˾Զܸô
Ҫֱŵ䣬ǻ᲻˵һ¶ңôҪ飬ǿɾˡ
ţҲԡεô˵һԽĽˡ
Ͼ֮ǰһԼһʱȫûпǹҲ֪һӦԡ
εڵİ취ǣȫ̸Ķ
ã϶ˮϯԣǴһԷӦþͲϡͿġСˡ
һεôţһֱȵʮ࣬÷ţǲųȥ
֮ţ̴һɫۣͷɸ߸ţбһɫӣ߳Ůˡ
СС㣬ϰɡ
˵ŵݸһεһһѣһεı鶼Щɣͣϲ£е˶ҪŴϲΪľǸһϲ
ϲһǻǵһ˵֮ǰ˵մմ˵ϲôͱ˱͸ϲˣ
߰ɣܿʱģˡЦŶ˵
һһεźһ˵ͷ̻·Ȼ͸̵ֺƺѾԶˣһ·϶ڴá
̴ǵ˽¥ǰ棬Ѿ˼ʮľϯҲ˺ɫӡ




438 ĳ
 

ֻԶ߹ʱ򣬺һΪ˶ûеΪʵ̫ˣû˵
ɵ̤֮һΪѾϰٺŵˡ
ֻǶԼλһԲǽˣҲֻ̧ӿһۣȻ
ˣ
Щˣе˿ӣʼͷ
̴һŵľϣѾ߸ˡ
ǺǺǣҺðֺƤЦĸǴкЩͷ̧һ£ͷԵĽζ
Ǽε£ϵķˣЩסˣΪϷŵģȻ磡
һƬģڴţЩӣƳȳȵһĻ䶯ģҲʱʱŲһ塣
ľǼ׳棬󣬺ͲӼһʮˣһſȴûһµȥֵġ
εֺһķӦȻǲˣֺѾԱˣҲںֱӷ˿Ӹ졣
һߺһߺֺ˵ЦһĶѾĹˡ
ֻ׷׷ǽɫģεһԡ
Ȼ㿴źһεЦӯӯʵôԣȳԣɶǹ´ųԵĵˡ
̣ڶôң˵˵ȻӸεͺһֱһĳӡ
ֺǵć죬Цء
һεֱӰѷƵֺǰ֪㷹һ㣬һҲеˮĳԲ¶԰ɣֺ
ε˵žһ붼ֱƵֺǰֺһ㶣ֻЦȻ˼֣۾
̿ǣ˵һ䣺ĹأõĶҪǲˣǲġ
˻һֺɫ䣬ֻǻǵôΪ̵һ仰ͰЩء
ιιҶۣѽѽˣҪȻȥϢһ£ǳԣǳԡֺ˵ţҪߡ
Ȼʱȥǵİĳ˹
ָֺǰ뷹˵꣬ߡ
ǣʵûʲôθڰҶֺۡŶӣװǻƵ˵š
ԷȴһףָǷһĿֺ
¶ûεЦЦʾֺԷ
ֺһָǷε˵ε㲻ˣ֪ǣ
Ϊֺ̫Ҳûаѻ˵ԹԵصԼλϣת뿪
ǵˣԼ԰ֺ׼ѡˡƻصǵǰεֱӾֵסˡ
ǵĿһģǣʲôˣⶫˣԼԡ
ε˵գźһվ˵еˮڻȥϢ
Ҳûֹֻǻȥǣεܾˡ
ԣ·ʶ˵꣬̿˵קźһ߳˴ӣֺһˡ
һͷһֺһʹſӣϵıǽһӡ
ε㣬ôֺһҲ̫һЩֺ
ӦеĽѵֻԼʲôطˡεں˵һ䡣
ɲźһȥźһͳŽ¥ߡ
ҶڴԷ¥ſҲûţε̽Եһ£¥ġ
ǣ㳯һۣ̽˼£һ
ûԿףظͽ˽¥
ڸʲôأվǰͻȻ˽ǣһͷ㷢֣һдˡ
´һ£֪ǴӴͷġˡ
ŶöۣϲвôεķӦܿ죬һҲ̵ͷ
˵һۣЩ˵ʥĽ¥ΪԽȥôߣһȥ
ˣŭĳ˹ǸϽˡ
յҲڴתһ£ӣҼһס߷Ǻֵֹġ
ң֮󣬺һһ£ΪʲôûˣҲûСأ
ǿģˣңŮʧԷʱһٶˣҲֻʮŮˣôһ¶
ε㣬˵ӣǲǺְһ˼һε
εȫûһ˵ȴͻȻͣ˽Ų
ʲôôεתͷʺһ
һҲϸš




439 ĵĳ
 

ء
ԼһŮ˵͵͵Ŀңͦ۵ģһŮ
εſ֮ͣ󣬾ĵż׼ǽ
ۣ
ʲôûпһͷϸӷ˳Ȼͳ˵һЩǵص
Ȼ̫̫˵ʲôǣıԿˣڸߡ
վǣû뿪̫̫Ծֱȥ׼ʯ鶪ǡ
ε״æźһߣ̫̫ǵá
ǹ֣ǳúõĲһ顣εԺһ˵
ҲûмͷƣֱӾͻص̵ļңصԼķ֮󣬺һĶӾͿʼиͣ
εֱӾߵֺǰ棬˵Ϳӡ
һҲ棬ֺôﵽװһЩʲô
֪֮Ϊʲô̺Ǹ˻ôʧΪֻǷһЩԵģ֮ġ
԰ɡεݸһһɣԼҲһЩڴϰѳ
ֺСʱ֮ŻģѾˣ֮þֱӣŻƷֱ˻ˮȥ
ȻָεЩ˵εһ·϶ôôôأ
ôˣǶ˻ܻ⣬ǣҺһŮǶȥˣҪġε˵
ָֺεŭ˵ҲѽǿǳݵķһΪһ
ֺ˵ţһҪµӣŷֽ¸ոŲá
ݵķһĿֺε
ε˵ͷ˵Ƿ֮ԷƣóݹģȻǼӹ³ˣڸǲסǹӵĳζ
һǻƳȳȵ׷;һķθ
ֺƲ˺һһۣСѾͷûгԵϹʲô
ˣپСˣҾãӦˣһֱôɺȥεĿֺ˵¶
ֺǳεһЦȻ˶ȣ֪һЩʲôǲ֪¶һ
л˵ƨţװεֺһۣͷ˵
ֺһ죬ָεҪ˺ˣ̽ԴĶ˵֪ǽ¥ʲôطô
εޱĶֺһҡͷ
ֺǣŤһ£Ϊ˴̽ЩϢҶˣΪԸǸ̻һ𰡣ⶼΪ˴̽Ϣģˡ
˵˵ԼȥεĵƲһֺ˵
ֺһЦͽ¥µǸ֪ʲôô
ֺ꣬һεһ˵Ǿ
εһеɫҲ
ԭνľɾŰԿ׷ֱףֱŤһ£ΪһŻܴǽ¥Ĵš
žͺܸӣҪ¥ǿν졣
ѽε㳤ƯҲһȱ㣬̫Ե𶺰ʲôϵܶ𣿡
ֺߴ˵һеûеġ
ε죬Ը񣬹ﶼ˺ֺˡ
ֺεɫԽԽᵽΣգæóһ˿
һ˿ͨ˿Ҳûʲô֮ͬ
㲻ҪңҪǾεĵĿֺ
ֺľվԼаյ˵Ҳ˭ҿͨѣ̫ˡ
ֺгεȴһɡ
ֺ֮ǰڸҵʱǾ֪ǸӣҲ֪ɲУĻӦֻ֮һ
ֺһεûʲôӦɫһ״
ǲţûйϵҾǼʶʶʲô汾¡ֺĿڣаյ˵
εۿ֮һǷˣҪжһҲæ
ιιѽ̫ʵǡֺš
һæЦűۣΪԱˣܿͰߡ
ֻǣ˯֮ȴһĪΣεһȺźɫµŮ˲ϵĿš
һǣҪȥ׷ʲô¶ǣߵĶô죬޷ߵǵǰ
ֻǣǿȴĶһ㡣
Ⱦǣ㣬ȾǡŮǰţдž
Ҫôǰһʵ




440 
 

ЩŮû˵һĿޣһֱӾŷ֣Լڴϡ
һԵεѾˣֺ˵ʲô
εعͷ˺һһۡ
һ۾ֺֹľεôε㣿
û£Һֺһ£Ҫжεش
һһľҲﲻʲôæҪǲ˽ǽļƻǿ϶ҪϺȵġ
ңҲ˵˵һ˵
εЦЦ˵ֻҪͺá
ǴôһʣѵֱӰѰϸô
εһ·򲻵ѣҲôεޱȵࡣ
ֺļƻǣȽ¥ѰҰϡ
¥ֺ˽⵽ʵ¥൱湩źܶλ
Ӿסڵʮһ㣬¹ү˵ģӦ¥
ûʲô˿ܣӦǴҶΪĵһˡ
ֺЦЦ˵ûУЩ˶Ǹаգѹûʲô˿ء
ǣҵ֮ǴôǲǻøŮôһɵʵ
ĹôֻҪŮˣôǲġε˵ЦЦ
ǣʱ򣬾ֱȥǸŮúõĸŮ̸һ̸ζҪ˵ԷӦþˡ
ѽҪֱȢ˵ˣʡô鷳
ֺҡĴͷ˵ڸв֪жŮ٣ʧôһţζЦѡ
ţðǵʱ氢ˡεһֺ˵
ֺ˵ͷԸⰡ˼Ҳɰ֮ǰҾʹˣѽҪȻһ·ٺúõһңûʲôҲһ
ֺô˵һεûٴ
˿̣ͷҹɫҲЩˣҲ̹УֱӾȥԺȴһȥˮϯ
ˮϯȥУһΣǿѧˣԹ˱ȥʱ򣬾һֱӾͻ
ءһǶķﴫһ졣
ʲôˣһǷ￴˿ΪŴǹŵģҲʲô
һ룬̾ʹķＱҴҵ˳Ǽţһ£ܿ죬¶Цݡ
治˼ո˯һ͵ʱ䣬ߣȥˮϯˡ˵££Լ㷢̧žҪŴͷߡ
̣ǷͷûסôոҺжһǷ䣬̡
ЩȻĳǸ俴һۣȻ˵ֺӣӰʲôҧˣ
ֻ赭дĽһ£ߴǿߣæĽŲһԷĴ
ǰĵһ뵽϶ļһٶˣôľͷһţһŶñŤ
̴˽һϵЩζȡ˭Ҳûжӡ
һε˵Լˮ岻
ֺǱŶӣ˵Լӽʹ̻˵ȥǰҩϿ˵ллﶼѾʼˡ
Щ˳Բ˺һζҪµĸоԺ˵ȻȥˣֺҲǵ
һ·ϳ̼ߵʱ򣬺һ˶϶ĿһҵģͬʱкüͷŮĿ
ҼһĶûƣ϶ġ
ЩŮ᲻ҲһǼ֮Щ˸ˣ
һԷǳĻЩŮ̫ˣǵ취Ⱦǰ
εקźһ֣첽ǰȥǽڵЩƺں
ң̼֮󣬿ֺ׼ȥķ俴һҲֹˣֱӳֺʹһɫ֮󣬾ͽ˷䡣
ε㣬ǣһݣһҪε˵ЩŮǱġ
εһ֣ʾһ˵
һ㶵ĿεֺƲһ۴⣬εڴͷֺϣһǱ㿴ͷԼԼӳһ״
ڸǣǵһһ
ѽһȥģ̫ˣҲûʲôֵĿǻ˯ɡֺһ˵һ߳գۼ䡣
һε⣺ð˯
˵εֱӰˣװģص˴¡




441 һŵλ
 

ֻǴͷˣƺû뿪ǳĬһСʱҴֺⷢ˴ͷ˶ûߡ
һţҪǲߣǽǲжôȻʱͷ˵
ϣôˣҵô
⽿εεɾˣǸոճˮϯ
꣬ǣүúһ³ӡ
ϸ˵ˣӦͬһˡ
̽ӽ
˾ͺǱŵһ㣬Щŭ˵ſңǸүӣġ
򣬾ð̧̧ңҲδػ㻹ʵʵģôĴҵ⣬Ҳ˵⣬Զ㡣
˵֮󣬺һһ󼱴ҴҵĽŲӦ뿪ˡ
ںͷ˼֮󣬽ŲҲԶˣͷԺһӾͰ
ǼСĵĵһ¶ԷͻȻ۷
˲ʮңε
ε㣬ǲǸãһĻû˵꣬εͳһƣȻŵ˴ű߿˹ȥ
ŷﳯͷãźһ֣ʾȥæ˴
ֺŹǷҲͷһۣȻֱӽŸƿˣ׼߳š
ʱǶķ䣬ִֵĶεһ㶣ֽŸϡ
ôֻ֣ẦԼߵǷſĳﺰһ֮˦ͷͻԼķˡ
ֺ˵һ䣬Ӧòٳˣſż
Ӧǹʲôˣ̸ոǾ仰ǳ˭ġ
ȥҰϣ飬˵εһֱĶŶķţԺһ˵
šĵĳԺţֱ¥
ԭ·ϱ֣ϾҲϾŵң·ȴһӰӶûУһ㡣
֮ǰҪҹֵģǣҹζࡣ
ѾһûпˣҲ֪ôˡ
Ҫ˵ԸȢŮ֪ǻ᲻ᶯִϡ࣬ģ°ϳ¶
Ҳǹˣ˶ĶȥˡֺĽŲԽԽǸòǵȦװɣǲĶ͵͵Ŀǰ
Ϊһ·ϳͨ裬Щˡ
һ뷨ֺһģ̫ˣﷴǾò̤ʵܾĶԾ
Ӧû˸ǡε棬һֱɨΧʮֵĸߡ
𣿡ֺֹһ䣬ʮӲǾ͵˽¥ǰˡ
Ĵڣһ̲סߵǰĵȥһۣû뿪
ãͷյģѾûˡ
εĿǶֺڸ㶯ˡ
ߣİɣʲôѲֺֺ˵꣬Ĳͳ˿ȻͲǰϸͷ죬ҲѸٵĽ˿
ꡣ
һֺ¶˽Цݡ
ȱ⣬ûд򿪡εֺ
ֺŤ˿һֶ֮󣬵ڶġꡱֺı鿪ʼЩˡ
ʱѾ֮ˣȻҪֺеҪࡣ
ɫҲԽԽأȻѾ¶ƽʱе飬ǣ򿪵ڰʱѾСʱ֮ˡ
Ķͷ϶Ǻˮе˿ҲѾšͳ˸ӣʮΣھûп
㵽ваεһֺʵ
ֺεһƣֻ䶼ϣֻܡһˣֺһϵͭŶ롣
ǺǺǣ˵ʲôţʦ汾˰ɡֺĿһε
ò˵ȷʵεܵġ䡱һ֮󣬾ͳܿ˿һ¥ģҲûеơ
ž--ֺͻȻһ죬һεδعͷһ˹
ֵ綼ˡ
ʦֺ߰ͷһ˦ӣǰ档
εƲһֺźһ֣¥ȥ¥ľʵģֱ죬ͺϾҪһ㡣
ͷѹͲʹ˶¥ֺǰһ£һŵλЩλʹڵʯһѾкܾԶʷˣЩɫ
ֳֺЩλ˰ݣ˵λðֻҪǵѣԲ¶ġ
˵գʹߴٺһεһ㡣
¥һ¥Ͷ¥һҲǰλ




442 ˵ζ
 

һﻹ룬᲻¥һģ
ǵ¥ʱ㷢֣ԾˣڰһӰȻӳǵӸͷӦǸˡ
⣬ˡֺ˵ű㳯źһ
ڰеǸˣȴûжһĶ򵥣ǾԲܸӲӲ
Ǻǣλ磬ôˣû˯أֺЦţ˴ڨûлӦֺֻǰš
Ǻǣ磬󴳽ģոڴߣ¥µûأѰ˼ţǵѣǺǣǧְֺ˵
εֱһѶֵֺ磬ٴδ򿪣ǰ˹ȥֺҪֵֹĵط
һŲԺףȻӳǵ
ֺרеˣȻŵĴһ
εһۣѹ˵̶ۿô
ôֺ촽һ¡
һΪӴûнеģΪͻȻŲҺףŵĽвˡ
εôһ˵һҲֺһһ졣
ε첽˹ȥ¥գڷġˡЩ˵ǹ⻬ģǣȴֽġ
ңصصĴˣ͵һȷʵûʲô
ѽȥСﳤģǲǹѽüۣҲû˭ˡָֺһţϵֽŮ˵
Ůվţ˫Ŀգȷʵ˵ʡ
ֺƺЩ̲ס֣Ҫ˼ҵСȴεݺݵĴ䡣
ʲôֺҲ֪ĪĻ
ЩˡεЩֽСɨһֺۣ˵
ֺͺûεĻȥֽ˾ѽѽĳúһΪǣֺȻһŮ˵ˡ
ε㣬⣬ô¶һεĸ첲
εüǰŤŤȥֺʵ˭
ֺֽˣȫûͣ˼
ոҵѵˣǣŹѡε˵ųֽ˾һ
ֺͣѾȫһˣ۾Ѫһıͨ죬ָֽСķ£ȻЦӯӯĿźһε
ǺǺǣ˵ζֺεε˵š
ֺһ˻Ƥ
֪¥Ϭţģ֪ϬţôЦʺһε
Ϭţǣȼ֮ͨ顣ε촽ᶯһ£ȻĬĬİŵķɿˡ

λ㿴һƤģҲʺ㻹ǷɡεæֺõĳŮЦ˵
Ůˣ㿪ʼ´˺һε
񣬸òǿǵ˰ɣйģ֮ǰ뷨ãǸʱһŶøˡ
һʶڲȴ֣ϾȻյġ
ˣ֮ǰһժڰϵĳȻһֱûٴ
£ҸûҪ˭ֻм£ҪǡŮźһεϵЦݡ
ʲô¶εĿ
ϣܰҵǸֽ˴¥´塣ŮЩʲô
ȥεüǰŮǾȥòҪʲô¶ȥ
ܶˣ䣬ԳٳٲȥͶ̥뷽跨ĸԼ
뷨ǾԲܴߵġ
İɣҪҪֱǵĲͺôֻϣǰҴ´ĵؽ磬Ȼ̽ҷٻҲ˲ı
źһεжǿ
εĬüͷһԲһǿŶԷֱӦûѡ
ε˼˼֮󣬳Ů˵ͷֻôֽ˴ȥֻҲǺעĿġ
㲻Ҫֽ˴ȥֻҪϵǲƤֽĿλõֵߣˡŮͺ֪εЩʲô
εߵֽ˵ǰ˵ֺվεͺһһʮȵĹȻֺһı㳯⵹˹
εһѷסֺһ˼УԵɵɵãȻĿǡ




443 һļž
 

ȻĴͷǣôʲôǸòǣ
ʶԼ·Լ·ڣϻ¶ʧ飬һεͬʱ֡
ءһֺʵʵĵ˵ϣϰϵĽţȻָ̧źһε
˵ģˣո˭ǿ˵űʾǰ
εҪ˷ʱ䣬ѹͲ
ֺֺ֮һε˵ոһƯŮŮЦ
ڣŮ˵ʱոǱаۣҲ֪¥ʲôεЩš
ֺҲΪոȷʵһСıۣҲϸ˲١
ֵ磬ǰɡֺεɵЦ
εƲһֺһʼûҪָֺԶֺôԵεҲûǺȻǰͷ
¥Ƿ֣Ȼڷ餣ֱǺɫɫͺɫġ
Ĺײģţ˿˾;ġ
ǣɫĹǰʮϵ޲ʹϲɥõġ
ɫһǲɱ֮
ںɫǸ꣬δŮõˡ
ֻڹײĸʲôֺ̽ԴЩ餿˹ȥߴεߡ
ط̫ˣǿ¶˵
εһκֺѵ뷨һ£ֱӾƹЩ餣ȻѸٵĳ¥ȥľ̨ױǲȵĸ֨֨졣
ò׵¥εֵ̧糯գ㿴¥ݿڵ棬һűˢ˺ɫľľ֮ϣһ˨ӵˣľϡ
ǸˣǱˣǰϣǵֵεİֵ̧ۣ˵
ϣû¶ɣһ첽Ű˹ȥ
ۣźһЩٶۣͺһʱûлعһ㡣
ϣεŰϣҲһ
գһӣԵĻع۾ЩĿεѵ촽ȴǲ˺ü£Ҳû˵һ仰
û¶ɡε´һ°ϡ
ϴźɫ¿㣬Ե࣬нףĥƤ׹Ƕ¶һЩźۡ
ôô˰˵¹үôôŪˣѵ¹үô
ֺ֮ǰͦĽƽ޹ʵľ͡񡱵һţڿӣüͷ
ǿ죬죬뿪Ⱥ˶Ұˣ˵ĻϳĬãſ˵һĻ
ԭԴϽ֮󣬾Ϳʼ˵ԸȢޣǣЩ˷ǵһ١
ҪȢŮ˵ƾͱȺ˸ˣ˵ţһŪ·
ڰϵĿϾȻһɫġ¡֣֣ҲЩ˸ϵģ˵ǣһӡôǹ´ˣǹ´Ĺ
ʲôֺһߣôľһȺǿ¶Ӳġ
ǣôεʵ
ҡҡͷһϽ¥֮󣬾ͱ˨ȺֻǰͽһţûмǸŮ
ȥ¥ǹζףģ¶ģټһֺҲѵãôζ֪οϡ
ȴҡͷǸϽߣ˵Լҹڿޣǿҡ
Ӧòֻץң˵¥ﻹкܶܺߡ뵽⣬ĵǡ
ģҪǻߵĻ˵Ҳܿ䵽һĵز
ģǲ£ҲԲᶪһ⡣εһһٵ˵
Ǹжһץסε֣仰͹ˣǣȰǻ߰ɡ
˵ˣǻġεԼ֣¥¥ݿڿȥ
˵п¥ϣ᲻Ĺʲôˡ
໥һۣ׼¥
ε㣬Сġϵʡ
εŰϵ˵ͷ̤ĳ¥ȥһֺҲһߣһϸ¥ϵĶ
ҹֲֿġ¥е㶯ǻõ㣬и׼ǣƫƫһûУһļžͷ
εߵÿ죬һֺҲȻ첽ȥһ̤¥ĵ棬һ;ýŵºȵʲôͷȥһȻһ̲ˮ
ôˮأҺֵǣˮǾͣ¥ȻûгĽʣһ
ѽҵѽ




444 Ҫɱ
 

һһ̲ˮʱֺͻȻһ

ӵٵĳǵķŲ˹εֵ֮ǰŵģ̧֮еֵ磬ǰȥ
һϵصġˡͻȻǾͳ˹ԣǺǡˡмһˣͺһͷǹšˡ
Ĺźöˡһ۾ͷͷĵ߰˸ϵصˡ
ңЩ˵Ľ϶ӣ˵ǰһˡ֮⣬Ķڵɪɪ
ǣҲǱץôһЩˣѯʵ
صһֳֻǵķ˹һָǺɫģҵĳȡ
ѵѾʱ̫ˣԣһЩˣ֮ġ
ߡεֻǳЩƲһۣźһ׼Ű¥ȥ
ε㣬ǣһ˵εֱƲһЩˡ˵ǾȲǣ߰ɡ
ǣҲǾֵط㿴˴ĵطôЩ˿һţһҲž
ôסĻҪٰ࣬ϻŴ
ЩˣֱӾڶˮĵ˯¥ֱͷ࣬ǻˮĵ˯ָожôȻǲ˵ˡ
СѾͷɱε˼ЩȷʵȲˣ仰˵ֻطܻ㶮𡣡ֺ˿Щˡǲסҡͷ
ε񶼿ʲôֻкһһˣȫ㲻ʲôӵ״
һһɵԭزߣֺ͵ǳʪŮֻڳʪĽͷġ
ʪŮĴʣһǴδ˵ġ
ֺ˵ʪŮ˷ǹ˵Ĳ
ˡһȵֺͣ
ֺȻƽʱģǣҲһڸ˵Ӧòˣġ
ֻǣˣô˺ء
ֺ˵ûдΥŪĲ˷ǹҲûκεУ֮Щã߰ɡ
εת¥
ЩʪŮصĽţȷʵŮ˵ĿҹͷӦǵŮ˵Ŀ
ѽȥ¥ʲô߰Ķа̫}ˡֺֹţѾ˰￪ʼʲô
ӰóǸ⼣߰ߵ壬ŰһЩֻҵ̧ͷһǰʱεѾˡ
һƬĻ谵ԣǵ۾ѾϤֺڰ۳ǰȥ
ε㣬Ķءһѹε֡
εֵ磬˵Ǻ׾ͻڰ֮пģǣǵûпⷴܺԽ䰵ˡ
ȫܵĶоں˺ڰ֮С
һæתͷȥֺ
ֺֺһͷû˻Ӧǣȴ¥ľ巢ˡ֨֨˴¥ˡ
ֺôһԴһ
ǣ˲ûлشĻֻǽŲԽԽˡ
֨
ľһƬһźھͲϳǰܣǽŲԽԽˡ
ء
ǸոյĳʪŮôһһȴǱʲôסˡ
˳ǰһ㣬ֱӾˤ˵ϣʱһŻʪĶĸ塣
ܸоĵһѵͷЩͷͺ֩һ㽫˶Ĺסˡ
һʼȥƴҵţǣܿûа취ˣ˱źڷİţҪϢĸо
Ҫڴĺȣǣȴֻܷ˶ܵĿҪˡ
ʱöͷϣͻȻһһӾϢоһСӾʧӰˡ
û¶ɣһεҲһ봫ĶУԵɵɵεֺǰ
εһƵĿźһһܿ˿˵ǸǸǸʪŮҪɱңҪɱҡ
һĶε˵εҡͷ
Ǳ˹ţͳҲֺ
ǣոȷʵҪɱҰһ˵žӣȴԼָȻѪ




445 Ů
 

ĲҲ˺ۣȻ˺̾ˣǣոһȷʵˡ
ʲôʪ֮ŮҪɱ㣬ǣԼԼĲӡֱֺһ仰ʵ顣
һһ㶣ôܣԼԼĲӣ
Լǵڰ˲ʲôûУǣȴӳճеĿ־壬ǿǳʪŮ˿־壬Ż˻󡣡
ε˵գ㰲һûˡ
ǣôһոյĻ滹Щ£ͷ
ղǺһͷһŻָʶһĨֶͷȷʵͿʲôһȻǺɫĶѪɰ
ߣûˣסʲôҪ룬ǵĵεһѺһһ߽ӵϷ
һ򶨵ĵͷֺ壬Ǵ˵㶼£ʲô¶ʦţߣ
ֺӶһֳָӣ¥ߣ¥Ǿ¥ˣֻԽǿҪ¥Խǿ־塣
ѣֵҡֺ̨֮ͻȻͣȻתεҪֵ硣
εֵݸһһСĳ¥ȥ
εźһֺĽŲһʲôȥ롣
ʮ̨ףȴһôá
ֺǰ棬Ȼǵһ¥ģζеֵ磬¥ݿҲûп˵
ôˣεʵ
ֺŻععͷ˵Ͽֱ¥˵ֱӾֵĵƣ
ֺɻţ͵컨϶ͷҪ
ͷһú󱳶ʱð亹
ʲôͷˣ߰ɣʮ¥ˡε˺һ˼·һ֪룬鶼ԽԽµġ
ԣԣսپֵطˣ˶ġ
ֺ˵űǰߣٶѾεȥˣΪѹŲģһݾҪͣӡ
εһƢˣֱӾקźһߵֺǰ档
εǰ棬˵ʲôأֺʵ
ȥô֪εƲֺһۣ
ֺ̿ˮͷҲ˺ˮʵûи˵ҿּҵһĶ磬ҪˣּңĶӾˡ
ǾŰɡεһֺ붼ʹӦˡ
εһŽ˼ֺƺЩˣʼĽͣ
ǺɵĻعͷֺֺСˡ
ڣҲҲǣ¥ݿڸΣգǣһȥɡֺ˵ûд˼Ǹǡ
ΪһؿˣǼΪСģεֵĹµľͻȻĵƹ̼ʮ¥ĳ
ʱ˵ûзӦôһ¶ˡ
һ̨ˣСġε˵̧ųһСĵŲֵ磬ڹ۲ܵ
ôˣһҪǰȥεȴǰ˰֣ʾǲҪȥ
ֺһקס˺һĸ첲ŵʣǰʲô
һˡεܲȷֵͳǡˡ˹ȥ
ε㣬Сġһæεһε˵ͷǰһСһСŲ˹ȥ
һҲ̲סǰһ˳εֵȥĿǽŴһˡ
ͷ·òһĵڵϣҲ֪ǲˡ
˼ң˼ңεѹ˼
˼ûаķӦһ˼ҵ֫ȥûб֮ġ
εѾǰͻȻεֻεмܲס
ε㣬㣿һһ˵һ߼ε˹ȥҪק͵ϵ˱־롣
һ߽һŵһѪζҲͽԭء
ˡε˼ҵıӵ̽һ£Ȼ˵
ˣֺϵˣŸҿ
ε˵һֹһոûãϻȵġ
ǣôġһʵ
ûпһͷĺô϶ģҲ֪ʲôˣǸϽȥɣʮһ¥ˡֺߴٺһε
ε򽫵ϵ˼һתſ˵ĺˣɱߵֶκ
ֺǿյĺף̳ɨһ飬ΪûãǸոմ¥ģȴûǸ֡




446 һҵ
 

̰غգô飬ҲǿԽ˰ɣ
Ļһ̲ס˵ţǰͻȻԼҸ
ôˣͻȻ֮ôɿ飬ѲǾԼѾԵʧȥ˻ǡ
ԼеСŮˣ̰غҲ̲סʡ
ʮᣬҲʼЩԡ
Уǵģƽʱһֱǰһôˣ
̲ס񣬺һǿֻðġ
ʧȥ˼ͬʱԺԼںһһˡ
ˣˣҵž죬ཱིСվſںɰ
裬ཽ˯ུ˿վⱧͷҲԵһЩȵҲ޷ԡ
ӵĺһҲѸٵ˴Ŵ򿪣ľԼĶӳŽվģ
ལҶѾ߹ˣҪŽڵϲͣߣһжӸô죿ʱѽŶ©ˡ
һ̲סһҲٵĽӱ΢ЩСţ˶һЩۡ
ƤͷྲྀЩҲ⡣
ֻҪܺһѾ㹻ˣֺαȥЩСڵ顣
̰غմ˿̺һԼĶӣͻȻôĶࡣ
˺ӣ޶ҪúõĹһ¶磬ʼһЩˡ
ཡһŶӵ֣̰غǽŵüͷҲԿó鲢Ǻܺá
ְֻ֣һúõ˯һѣһ˾ӦһֱһŶԣѲɰְֲҪһ𣿡
ུԷٵĽתܿͰӭж⡣
֮ǰѾȫ׼Ȼְ֪С۵һ취뿪ҡ
һĿŸӶ֮Ĺͨһʱ֮侹֪˵Щʲô
ʱҲˣһ˯ɡһҲԸټȥúõϢһ¡
һھڴģҲʮۡ
ڶһʱֵľԼԼ֮УÿһҲǷظ
֪ཾѾΪСѧ꼶ѧѧУҲմǲݵĴڡ
ལϾҪѧˣϽһϴȻʱʦָ˵ˡԺĺһҲԼĺӣҪѧ顣
̰غոһ·ľԼĽﲻͣжĻ
ģѾ׼һˣʹڼкúõϢһ£ʲô͸Ҵ绰
̰غտٵߵߣЩȵһǣҲҴææȥ˹˾
ڱķչȥѧУ
һѧУľǼԼŮӡ
ལĺϲ㣬Ӽĵһͺϲд飬鷳ӦǺ𣿡
СŮ˵žǰԤϺһҲڲͣĽᡣ
ĮתȥҲԸϺķ̫ʱ䡣
ǱȽϲϽڽѧϰʣµ飬ûĽй۲졣
ƯһŮˣЩҲֻ֬ط۶ѣСС;Ϳʼ˵ϲǻ
Լλϣһӷۺɫ飬ͻȻôķС
ȥЩʳЩҲ֪һûͷԡ
ʦȥһİ칫ңһЩҪ㡣೤ٵˣֱӣҲ»Լλ
Ҫ֪Դ࿪ʼÿһԵǺཡ
༶ŮҲ뷽跨һЩ飬¿εʱ䶼ʼ˻ഫݡ
΢΢üͷ˵֪ʦԼʲô飬Ҳٵȥ˰칫ҡ
һ߽ȥľǼʦͷӶģԿǺһ顣
ལˣЩҲӦԼһȫѾӰ쵽ͬѧѧϰټȥҿ¾Ҫļҳˡ
ʦԴǵؽһ棬ϵ飬;Īķꡣ
һոս༶ľԼİ༶ſΧһȺŮӣˣĽǸ֡
ϰѾƻˣȥԼİ༶ɼҪܵһЩӰ졣
ʦҺܱǸҴûйΪЩҲҲ֪ݽҲûκιϵҲܶסڿڡ
˫ֱ󣬺ྲྀһеҲ⣬ֻһصкԼĸ״һ
ԴԼƲƷ֮ÿһ춼æµһһʱҲȵļ٣վҸġ




447 ܾ
 

Ǹʲô̬ȣеͬѧΪĹϵܵһӰ죬һ㲻ӦҽһЩʡ𣿡
ʦҲһЩҲסҲֱӷ˻
ϾǴڰ칫֮УôʦӹҲסȷǴˡ
ȻĻһ취ûʲôĻʦҾˣѧһμӡ
üͷҲԸټȥҲٵȥֱȥ˹㲥ҡ
ǸɾĶ͸м˾ǿСʱĳ̰غա
㲥ڣﲻͣĵƵЩ·ѾԤǧٱ顣
ʦûʲôĻù㲥һ飬𣿡
վգԼ۾ཾ֮ҲԵĿŮʦûа취׵ľܾҲʹĵ˵ͷ
㲥ɹĳΪ˺ཱུףһᣬνҲ̽һ¹㲥ĵƵΡ
ڿٳϻͬѧ׷ͣס˽ŲʹҲص˵ͷ
Һã꼶ĺལϣպҪٸҵݽκε飬ЩҲûκεȤǲҪӰ쵽ҵ˽ȻʱҲ
ݵһ˲У԰˺䶯ԭҪݽŮ˲Ϳʼᱼ
һʱ䣬ԭǵõһҲû˸׵ĵݽ
ཱུҲɹĴݵУĶȴڿҳһʱֽºϡ
ʦҸոҲ˽ǰĺͬѧһֱǰȻĻΪӦýдˣӦýһ²У֤ƷѧţŻӮͬѧ
εؽۣôһ̣УͻȻԼôĹȡ
û취һֹ׳ۣûа취׵ĽС
УͬѧȫѾӰ쵽˲ٵѧһЩŮΪԼܾˣһֱһʧ״̬
ʦͣĽۣҲſԡ
ȻƷѧţʦȫźܴ˲
ΪбҪҳеѧУúõĽһͨС
̰غ֪˭ɣǺཱུĸףѧУƣôͿԼ׷ȥҲѼҳҹ
УҲֱƹˤԸټĥߴȥЩ鱾Ӧýһ֪ġ
һʼӦÿһЩѧϣĽһܡ
˵ѧУҲкཱུĸͶʵģԺҲѧУһɶ
У֪Ϊ˰æ˵ûҲܿЦպ̰غպͲͬһϺ𣿡
ʦһĲ죬֪ȷһĿԣȴҲԸš
Ҫ˵ཱུȷʣǲҲӦǳš
ʦУأҲûбҪƭ㣬ûбҪ鿪Цô˰ɣοѧУҲԲͬѧҲǳ׵ĶɱĸԴ
УҲԸټĥߴȥҲٵĽ̸Ͼȷ¹Ҫ
磬ѧУרһЩרңԺͿܻᷢһЩΪԼʧ֮еŮӣҲѾѸٵĻ˵⡣
ѧؼңܼɰӺལ˵óСү첻ˣܼҲûйĽѯʡ
һصУ˱ɳϿʼԼѧϰ
ҵĴ󱦱ôˣ쿴ǺܸߵӣǲΪ̫˧ˣѧУ˲ٵһ
һһˮľԼӰһģ
Ҫ˵⺢ķ涼ãĸף鷽Զô䵭
ѧУĹ㲥˵ֻЩ˺ǺܸߣѧУһרָͣȶ
ٵĽһͣҲûκԭǷݱҲѾ𽥵ڻ
ôĸԶ֧㣬οҵĶԶҲ飬㲻ϲѧУǾͻһڵѧУҲȷǺܺãһҪһյ⡣
ͻȻ⣬һҲһ࣬Ͼǳ̼ҵĺӣܲһֱպɡ
ͻȻҪֻôһֱպͻȻıĻһЩϰأİš
ཱུҲƽЩ飬˵ֻҪܺĸ״һѾ㹻ˡ
ʵҲ˺ܳʱˣһʼյȷȲѣһѾһˣûбҪˣǾȥЩ鴦һ£ȻʱҲһõӰ졣




448 
 

һҲһ˼ΪϸˣЩҲǱȽġ
̰غȻûἰϵ飬ٻǻһЩ⡣
ϾԼĶӣŮԣһЩϺ
裬ʵֻҪܹһѾ㹻ˣôԶ֧뷨
һѱסԼĸףԼҲѾж೤ʱ䣬ûһСһúõĺĸ״һˡ
ԴӸĸ֮ĸԽԽúԼǱһ
ɵ˵ʲôأҪˣԼһֱһ𣬴ӻعһ˾עˣټֿ
ŶӵļһҲ̲סһп
ӳ˶ˣԼҲѾˣպҪķֱ϶ҲͶ˰ɡ
һͿĸ˱һ𣬻˵еӣһЩԴأ
̰غոһ߽ſľ˱һģ֮жҲһЩ
һռǿˣȻԼűˣǸԼĶҲԡ
Լĸ׻ˣཱĸ׵ҲԾĽ˽
òһĸ׵һʱû뵽ôͱƻˡ
ãһһЩҪأȥһְɣȻʱһֱҲǻ¶
˹ˣһҲٵ˵Լ顣
ҲͻȻ飬Ȼ˵ȷһЩͻأҲӦȡӶ֮
̰غҪһЩ⣬ôͻȻ̸Ҫˡ
ôͻȻ֮Ҫˣ˵ʲôҵĶӻһۡ
һ˵棬̰غҲٵĵһԼ״̸̬ǰԲκε
ǧᣬֻͻȻ֮ˣҲѾˣһֱպʱҲǻ¶
һ߰Ŷӵһһ˵ԼԼĶҪˡ
ԽԽϲһ˴һָоˣе鶼˵Ҳκεᡣ
ȻĻôҾǰ˰źãȻʱŶҲҪķһЩʱ䣬ֻ𣿡
̰غյҲûκηϾǳ̼ҵĺܲһֱպ
һ˵֣һ¶ΪѣϾȡ鲻óġ
ʲô֣ʱǾ͸һʲôֻ֣һεĻԺ󣬺ཾڼҵְɡ
΢΢ĵͷźӵһҲֵĿźӵ뷨
ͻȻϵԼ飬Ҳٵ뿪ǸůĻһЩᣬȴҲûԥ
̲ɣֵҲѧţཿٵĸԼȡ֡
ʵҲĽСѶԺ͸һգֻһֱû˵
ͻȻһȻ˵һʱһЩӦٻģԼġ
ȻĻǾ͸ĳְɣҾʹȥ֤һ£ʱһ¸㻻һѧУΪǵʦҴ绰˵ЩҲ֪Ĵֻܹĸ׵Ļ㣬ŻմǲݵĴڡ
һװһյģΪľǿԻԾһա
һؼҵһ̾ͿԸо鲢ǺܺãȻĻΪĸ׾ӦúúõĽһС
һ˳ȥ԰ɣǺúõףһºӸҪһѧУ顣
ԼӺͺӣ̰غͻȻһǰδеҸУĽŰ
ǰûпǹ飬ͻȻᵽҸУ;Լô̰ġ
ȻܶúõƷһ£ôҲԲŶԣҪԷһҪģõĲĸӶ˵Ը
һٵ˵űҲٵĳ˷䣬һΪ·ȻҲǽΪģΪľǲӰԼĳԺȡ
̲ҲٵĻ˷䣬һװһڴװһ˲
ܣû뵽ôɳԷʱҲ㣬ȻĻ֪ɷһ𹲽һͣҲ̸һ̸ǼҪĺ
һ߽һװӭ˹ϵЦҲԵĴŵ٩
һҲһЩӡģһΪɹҵʿֻϧеʱƢر꣬˵ʲôر
òһЩˣҪҵӺͺһ𹲽ͣûʲôĻǻڹ˾̸ȽϷ㣬˽¼ҲһЩƽ
̰غһһ˵һж˵ˣȻԸԼ֮в̫ĹΪĻûκεɿԡ
ҲֻڨڨЦţЩ·ǲ⣬εʼ磬Ҳǰ·˳




449 ƻ̥
 

һ˾ڰ֮Уͣĸ˴˼ŲˣڵķΧҲȷĽ
Ϊ˸飬˵ڶ챻Ҳֱȥ˻֡
ҲɹĸĵǸ֣Ȼڼлǲܸıġ
ˣӻһѧУΪѧУڱǺܺã뻻һ˽һİɣʱһЩʷҲкܴĸơ
һڸʻҲ̲ס˵ţϾ飬ȷһЩԽˡ
ֻǳ˧һ㣬Ѳɾ
ô£ôûĸӶ˵Ѳǲһ𣿡
̰غһ߿ųһ߽ѯʣڵҲһЩӲ
Ƕӳ̫˧ˣŴҵʻƽʱкܶ׷߸ʦһЩţ˽ѧУźܴĸ𣿡
һٵĽŻӦ˿ûκλңֳź侲Ҳ̾
̲Ÿĸ֮ĹϵҲʵһЩĽ
ǰڵ֮᲻гڿȷԼˡ
ģеҶѾźˣû취ô˧Ŵ˸׵Ļ򡣡
˲ͣİ죬ȴҲ˶ùϵԽԽг
̲Ҳ»һѧУòϵѧУ֮Уÿһ˶㣬ҾҲˡ
ڸոյѧУҲǾѹȴӦѧϰɱ꼶һλá
һÿһҲڲͣĴԼ΢һЩҵƲֽҲУϾԼƷ
̰غգ˵ЩͼֽûбҪһƷȻʱҹһֱһͺͺ״̬
ԼһֽһͻȻǰδеԥϾǰʲô鶼ֱӾġ
ĻôһƷˣԼƵ·ʱǶһ޶ģҲμʱҲԴ
̰غԭæµͷϵĹԼԼҲѸٵͣͷеĹ
شΪһ֮ŲĻشʱ򣬵ȻһҪһЩΪ
΢΢ԥƬ̺󣬺һŵ˵ͷ
û뵽ƽʱģؼʱ̻һЩõļƻ
˵ĵȷûҽЩƷ˵ʱ˿˾ͻϲҲһʽĹҲʡһܴĻڡ
һһ߽Ÿпһ߼ԼĲֽЩǰƷҲźܴĽռ䣬Ȼķӡ
ҶӦ̥ߣҪҲ˳Ӧһ¹ҵӦɡ
̰غͻȻ˵ԣٵǰ̲סԼ
ֻһӣҲȷǽΪ¶ȻĻҲԲ¶
ڴʲô⣿ҹһֱϵ״̬ʱҿʼֽţӰһС
һԼԵˣ֮Ҳ͸¶Եľ裬ȻڵҵԺܺ÷չôһҪϧһ²С
ģҲûʲô˼һ˶ˣֻʣºһ˻᲻ܹ¶˶Ͳһˣʱ򼴱ȥˣҲһŵˡ
̰غղͣԼļƻŹףΪľǿöԷԼ
ѾܳʱˣֻϧҲһЩ顣
ò׿ճˣȻӦúúõŬһ²УοҲֻ֮ĸԽԽá
˵ĵҲûһƺҪ˵ЩʲôԼѾա
һηӦʱԼѾһƬ֮С
ҪټԥȥˣȻʱǺҲǺܺãҪǵĴӶѾ꼶ˣټȥǳΪһƷ
̰غտٵ˵ҲʼʵʩԼļƻ
Ȼڰº󣬳̰غҲü˵Լʵ
ڵã˵ҲѾʵˣûǵĶ˵Ҫ֪֮ǰǴӦӣܷʲô飬һ˱ù¶
ҽԺĳϣһһҲ֪Ǻãûȴû뵽ٵʱ򻹾һЩѡ
ͽģҲ˼ˣһܻܵãһ泩ģʱҲһҪúõչ˺ԼУȻʱһܵһЩõӰ졣
̰غտٵ˵ϴģʽҲúһһֱû˼ͣıԷŰŪ
صУΪһոջеиһҲʼһ񣬴ʼԼˮ
ǲǹżˣϾһཱུʱҲûѽ




450 ̥ʱ
 

̲סѯţҲ¶ȣԼһ˾֢Ĳһʲô鶼һЩġ
̰غնЩǺ⣬ֻҪĵȴԼӵĽ٣ʣµҲûа취˼
ҵȫôʱȥһЩ飬ҲܣһҪ취չ˺ԼſԣһҪȥʱԼһڼңҲһҪչ˺ԼС
̰غղĵ˵ţЩ飬;ͷһЩʹĻӦðг鶼Ƶȥ
һԼɷ⸱Сģһʱ֮Ͳ֪˵ЩʲôֻεЦš
ҲֻǻжѣֲףҲûбҪôţοŸոտʼôģֻҪĴԼĹסһҪκεУȻʱһᵣĵġ
һٵĽŶ֮ҲԵĴŵǡ
ÿһε֪ԷҪоͻֹסŭ𣬱Ͼ飬Ҳָˡ
û취ΪһɹҵʿҪ⣬ͥҵ֮ܲ߬аɡ
ģܷʲô飬Ƿް֮ĸκθı䣬οﶼˣôȥϲأ
̰غտٵĽŽͣ˿ûΪԷĻɣκεĲã෴лϲ
ʱΪ˶ʼܿƣЩҲڿš
ΪвǸӵ̰̰ڸ֮еܡ
˵ʲôأҲûгԴףοҳôƯԲҵ飬ʱҾһꡣ
ݺݵؽž棬һģһҲûʲô
ϣѧĳ̲ľԼĸĸɳϣǳ˼ܵķޡ
ôˣǳ𣿶ѾϷˣʲôҪܵأʲôú˵𣿡
ֱٵĽһ⣬˭ҲڵģͻȻЩͷۡ
˾õʱһˣ鲻þͿʼŸָìܣǶԷ˶һ
ȻĻô͸һȽҪɣ׼ȻʱҲûа취һʱȥҽԺ
̰غȿڴΧϾǳбҪ֪顣
һɳϿŶԷЩķӦֻôĺЦȴҲֻӲıڶ
Ҫһ˻ȡķʽ˵
˵ô£ʲô˵ɣҪĻֱӸ裬ʣµûеĻҾȻˡ
̲Ҳ̹ȻֱӰѿܵ뷨˵˳ҲԸټĥߴȥҪġ
̰غԼĶ˵ⷬһʱ֮ҲһЩŭ
⺢ӵ˵ʲôأҺԶ飬һ֮α˵Щأ
͵վӣ˵֮Ҳֹסŭ
ȻСԼ־һЩܡ
˵ʲô˾ֱ˵ô˶һˣǺαأµģƽʱְԵܲõķҲһ
λϣ̲Ǻںӣ˿ûԤϵжĽ
ȻĻҾ͸㣬ϾҪһСܵСˣһҪȫ׼ôһҪ
̰غһԽе˵˳˿ûκεͣ٣ΪľǷֹ̫ƫǳֻЦ
̫ˣҲһܵã㶼֪еͬѧеܵöһΪ飬ֻһֱûУҲû뷨Ҳ˵ЩʲôͻȻ֮ôһϢôܲһʱҡ
ֽ̲ͣкãһԼҪˣ˲;˶õ
ǰûпǹ飬ͻȻ˵̫ľϲˡ
ԭһֱҪһܵãԭھøô˵飬㲻ϲӵͻȻҺֶѾȫĶԲߣû뵽ͷҲֻǶˡ
ӦһԭŵҲܹúõķһ£ϾǴˣЩȻһЩ˽⡣
֣ʵûбҪҶѾ꼶ˣѾСˣο˵ʻҴСͱӳһЩ
̲һС˵ӣ˲ͣؽѵ⣬ϵģ˭ҲûнзֻǾıߵݡ
ȻĻǾãһ˲ܵʲôʱԶκεĸı䣬Ϊܵõĵĳɳ




451 ʵʧ
 

̰غҲٵĽһŵΪľ֤ԼʵԣϾеʱһӾͺһĳɳ
ļУҲԲ
Ǵ󱦻ǶӦôһƽĽǶȥԴ˭˴ӦܵһĳͽС
ǾͷİɣѾˣΪЩ˼ҵĸܣοкӱһ£ٵԺˣһ˺һȥչ㡣
̲ǼɵĿԾ˾һЩʵ֮ԼԼЦҲûа취ȥɡ
̰غΪܿȥ˹⣬һʱ֮оֻʣºһ
ΪЩȱĲֽԺһҲʼͶ뵽Լ֮УʱҲԼɷһƵͨ
̰غոŵĻԸоЩģҪعȴûдꡣ
ҹһ˯֮Уȴһ󼱴ٵĵ绰ѣһʱѾҽԺˡ
ô£ôͻȻɻʧأԼԵˣһҲ̲סѯʡ
ԲԼɷ¡
Ѿ֤ˣԲκεΣգô£
ǰ侲һ£еҲڽ֮Уϰ岢ûκ飬Ҳһֱڹ۲Ź۲죬һ˽ϰ弰ʱ͵ҽԺԲŲûе񻯡
ٵĽһΪľǷֹΪƫ
ϾոҲѾյϢϰֻͷܵһЩײʱԵ뵽˻֮жѡ
ҪȥһģûκˣոҲֻΪûκγŻ˹ȥ
һҴææ˵ţ֮ҲǸӵľᣬ˲ܷġ
ϰڻڹ۲ҲͣĹ۲죬λҲһֱſڽŵȺ򣬼ȻȥĻҲԼһ棬ʱҲһԼл⡣
ԥƬ̣ǴӦ˻ҪȥԵġ
ٵ۲ңľһƯŮվڲſڲͣš
ؾҵɷɣôлл㣬Ļɷһʲôˡ
ٵǰȥһҲһѾסŮӵ֣סֵֶʼһЩ
оգȻʱʲô飬ĽҲر˳˰ɡ
ģֻǾ֮ͶѣûʲôĻҾȻȥˡ
Ů˵ţ֮ȴԵ͸¶ŲᣬҲֻײģǸˡ
ֻǲ֪ΪοĵһͿʼѾ׵ݣǿݵҲԸᡣ
վһԽŹۿȻһЩ˽ģϰֵκһŮӿ˶Ķ
ֻϧˣȻʱҲһҪ취һ˲С
󣬳̰غҲ˹ڼǸŮҲʱʱĹһ̽
ڳ̰غյһʱ򿴼ľνĶˡ
˭ΪʲôüͷѯʣͷеʹҲԵһЩ
ǵɻżһˣɲ֪Ϊʲôɻ·ʧˣһʱ򿴼ľŮˡ
ķɻˣҾ㣬ڰ뵽ҽԺ֮У㶼Ѿˡ
ŮﲻͣĽŹͨʱʱһЦںһʱ򿴼ľ˳̸ģ
һЩһȴҲؽͣϾԷǾˣܲʧڡ
˯ˣȻټȥҺͺӶȲʱˡ
Ѿõֱ߽˲ϴŵЦݣȴ΢Щɬ
⼸һֱڲԱ߽غΪľʱ򣬵һۿľԼȴû뵽Ǵˡ
Һʶ𣿲Ҫ֮Ĺϵ˵ôܣȻʱҷ㣡
һٵĽŻӦٿԼԵŮʱ̰غҲࡣ
һԭʢĶӲһƫڵ
žʢˤ˵ϡ
̰غգ㲻ʶ˶Ҳ˵֮ǰ˵˭Ǽٵģƭҵģ
һｩӲ˵ţͻȻԼôĿЦ
Լ壬οÿһ춼ڲǰΪԼƵЩ
û뵽ľһһʱһжѾˡ
ûµĻԶһ㣬ҪﰭۣҺһЩҪ˵ûʲôĻ뿪ˣҵйҪŮӽ顣
̰غտٵ˵ţһһνתƵǸϡ




452 뿪
 

һֻǴ͵վԭأƺû뵽Ǹڿ˵Լһӵ˻ὫԼȴ
̰غգһһ飬Ĳǵˣ𣿡ʵؽѯʣһͻȻԼôĺЦ
ԭ̰غֻڿЦû뵽ľǶԷǼ
鷳Ͻ뿪ҲҪټģ˵ĸ᲻ɴݣԲܱκƻ
̰غĵ˵ţҲһĵжֻϧϴԼˡ
òϵԼȷ˽ģӼ˵һͿʼЩϲˣֻǰڶԷмңҲҹĽɧš
û뵽ԷȻѾеһȴԼֿ
ȻĻΪʲôʹȥЩƻûʽĿʼʵʩ
ЩνļƻԼҲջһĸ顣
ףǶ˳þãҲĴ̰غвΪһӣȻĻҲûбҪټȥˡ
һЦţЦȷʵ飬ײײ߳˲̰غȴһֱŴ⡣
ڱȭͷҲԾ߬ԣϣе鶼˵
ֻϧĿĻûдɣԲı¶ԼݣȻʱҲֻöԷıѾõıᡣ
̰غգո˵һֱһӣĻ˽òá
ٵĽۣҲһסȵĴ֡
ôϣһпһֱȥϣΪԷʧ˲ŻϲԼ
Ȼģ˵ĸ鲻һֱܺҵļ֮һֱܰҲ𣿻˵ļǴʲôոյǸһĹ𣿡
̰غ΢΢Ĳͷѯʣһ֪꣬˲֪νŻӦ
Σſڻش⡣
ǸŮϵãһֱǳĽ㣬ֻϧ֮ѾУҲΪģһ֪ɻ׹ˣҪ취ȡһĵλֻû뵽˵ĸ᲻ɴݡ
ҵıŽڣͻȻԼôĿЦִֻһ񣬿ƫƫأԼ˽ȥ
ģһԶϲģᱻκ˲ֽţ˵ģ˵ĸ᲻ɴݣôһıء
̰غղͣǿԼۣΪľǿöԷӵⳡϷ
ҪҪһԷһξܹʹôֶȡ˾Ļܡ
һ֪Լصеģֻ֪һֱͳıԵ
̲ѧصҿľԼĸһһĿţǰҲǲֽ
裬ôˣ޵ôģʲô˵ػʿһػԣԲκεĸı䣬ʲôҡ
̲һѽıסҲͣİŶԷ
УԶǴҪĵλˣǸҲûҪ
ְֶˣһǵúҵĸ飬ˣҷأ˵ϲһŮӣ˻ɽ˺ģ˵ҵӦñһ̬أӦףǾԼϧ
һһ˵һ߲ϵˮ֪ΪܾСеˮһûκεľͷ
ֻ̲ǾţȴҲԾüͷ֪ΪʲôܾԼĸͼǴ˵˼ҲãĽв²⡣
裬㲻ҪﻹкأʱҵҲǺܺãе鶼תģԼĹҲԱøǿʢֺαȥһء
̲ٵĽһҲһˣôĶ£ۡ
һԼҶӵİοͻȻҲת˲٣˵ĵȷû
ԼĿ꣬ҲԼĹңԼƷƣΪʲôҪΪԼ뵽֮أúõŬš
˵ĵȷûȻһŮˣҲԼһ˵øãǸ׵ˣһȥɣ
ԭڲͣĺһڴ˿ͻȻЦģҲһ˵Ůˡ
̲ԼĸףֿЦһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôֻһЩɬ
軹ǰˣǸеΪǸ˶ˣ˾øı˲١
Ϊ֮еĿֻţʱ޿̲ڲڽغ򣬿ɼҲ谭̰غպȡϵ




453 Ļ
 

һЩˣȥһЩɣסֻϲ߲ģһҪһЩзȻ˵һЩ鷳Ҳ֪ҵĿζԲԡ
̰غպĽҲ˺Լֿ˵ĻһںŮһġ
ԭҪһܾһ뵽ڵĹϵҲٵ˳ȥ
ǰ뿪ų̲Ҳ߽˲ǴҡڵģһСƦӡ
̴֪үϢľΣҽԺ֮һŮԽҲһʮɣȻĻͲҪԼݵʲô㿷֮޻Ҫô
ֱ̲֮Ҳ˷Уû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼһˣûۿ»ĸ׵Ļþ
Ȼ˵ĻôҾ͸һ飬ŮǱҵģҲһҪ취סĸ׵Ҳ֪ԷʲôʱڱҪװֻǵһ˵ģ
̰غտٵ˵ţҲ޵ơ
ϷɻһԤϵ֮һè壬ֻϧЩ鲻ǰһ֪
̲ԭĵĶֹͣԼĸҲЩʧһЩԥӦ˭
еĶҲٵ˽ľһɡ
̰غգӵ˭ΪʲôûʲôĻǸϽ֪Ķȥɡ
һЩƵգжʱһЩֻţҽ˵Ҳֻѡʧ䣬֮ΪҪˣпܻ̼񾭣ʱָеļ䡣
̰غգ㲻ҪĶӣôҵĸԶκαѵȻʱҾԲˡ㣬ŮһҴˣȻʱûꡣ
̲һϸһٵԱߵıӣֱӾˤ˵ϣѵô˾п־塣
ϷҲ֪ǷʲôҲǴģɴ۾ûȷӦ׷ʲô͸оһɾ޴ҲܿƵĳһԵȥ
ǸĶǰɣȻĻȥǸҺ֮䲻κεĹϵѾİ֮ˣٸ˺ҵŮˣôȫ׼ҵŭ𡣡
̰غշŭĽѵ⣬ݼκε覴á
ԭΪһжǼٵģȴڿЩͻȻеĻɶǶˡ
̲ŭ뿪˲ֻȴ֣еҲѾȷˣѾ㹻ˡ
һΪЩÿҲԼЩƸУԸκε뷨أҲʼԽԽݡ
裬ģеҶѾ㴦ˣǸĺԲκα飬ȵеͿ֪࣬ԺúõһЩ־ʳˡ
̲ٵĻصУҲһЩԼĸװԵƷΪľǷֹ͸֧
Ҳ֪ôˣĸһֱŻµĽ׶ΣŻҲ˾ҪԼĸ³ˡ
˵ЩʲôǲȥǸˣȻѾˣ㻹ȥȡԺҪˣҶѾˣҲЩϺķ̫ʱˡ
һǣǿЦţϵĶҲ΢΢һЩͣ٣ԭԷֻһЦû뵽ôʱȥˣЦѾࡣ
裬ҸףҲвѵĿԣȵ֮ȻģҪǸϽչ˺ԼͶĺӣȻʱ׻㣬û취͡
̲ٵĽһҲĸϲĶȫϣֱק˲ǰĶóһůС
ȻҲ֪ڸʲôϷǲŶ˵Ļ˵ҲҪһˣڹҵĹһҪȥһѲݣԲһֱ㣬Ŀ𡣡
ͻȻҵ飬һҲ̲סŶȻ˵ҲѾˣһĸ׵УԶġ
ֻ̲ǼᶨĵͷҲԼţʾĸԼûʲô顣
һˣôټȥͽһЩأοҲʱڣԲø׵ļƻܵκεӰ졣
֮󣬺һĹҲѾμһ͵ݳˣȡرĳЧ
벻һǾȻȡһεʤҪлģ֧֣ˣлÿһԱǵףԽһȥ۲ͣ˵˲ܺȾƣҪǿʦÿÿ붼޸ĶıԵ




454 ٻɹ
 

һԼԱҲ̲סⳡҪףĽ顣
ЩҲԼһһɳģ˴֮Ҳ˵Ե֡
ЩԵأǸɿݵɳ©һԶûа취塣
ϰͷİɣĸλҲϲȾƵˣοҲֻǼ򵥵ףһ£ǻкܶĹҪͨһαҲʶˣ죬Щ˵ƷҲԼļֵȻС
еһҲ̲סһпϾһڶƷ֮ӱҲǾɸѡġ
һȥףɣѾðˣÿһ˶ǴҰԵģҲصѡһЩϲġ
һֱƵ꣬ڲĿĲƷҲ˾ۻҡ
ܸлҶȹôʱ䣬ҲллǼ֤ҹҵĳɳôʱ䷢̫飬һЩۣҲǵƷһٵ˵׶ˣǲҲѾɹ۷塣
λϣһ̲סһпҲٵľ˱еĹ֭
ûԼڻе飬ȻúӵĽЦοһȺŮӣûбҪôľơ
һף󣬸Ҳص˸ԵļУһһصңľԼĶ첹·ģ
ʲôʱҵĴ󱦱Ҳ·ˣ·ôˣǻǻ˵ĻȥϴŪһ¾ͺˣαԼȥ첹أ
ٵӵԱߣһҲ̲סѯʣ֮ҲĽ
ӴûԼ̫࣬ҴСһĴڣֻҲ˾һЩʵеʱ򻹻Լ˺ӡ
裬ЩƵģҵȻύ˵УοҵĸһʦΪʦĶӣҵյȻҲ󡣡
̲ٵĽŻӦϵĶҲԽԽ졣
֪Ϊʲô·ͻȻߣҲԼ첹ϾĸĹҲæ
˵ԶôĶ£ҾԼĸ׵һСһ֪ȥһֲ
ҶѾˣûбҪÿһڸĸı۰֮£㹻ıиοұӦóеΡ
̲ӦĽŻӦǸĸ׵Ķ֪νŻش
ʱӹڳ쵹Ҳһ£ΪĸľԼûá
ҪҴȥúõķһʱɣûмǴĻѧУҲӦ÷żˡ
һƺͻȻʲôҲźӺúõĳȥһʱ䡣
ӡ֮ԴӺӳ֮󣬺ҲûгȥȻĻҲʱñ˴˶һ¡
ͻȻ֮˵Ҫȥǲʲô뷨˵ԼҪ˻һ¸ס
̲ϾһĺӣЩҲǽΪ˽ġ
ĸԶеﲻԸκ˽һݹͨΪĺô֪ܲأ
С龫û˸ڴһ£ҾҪȥɢһɢģҪټǷȥˣÿһڼҲǻ£ҵҲѾʱԵĸһˡ
һǣǿĳԼǣϸһ㣬ԼҲѾþûмǸˡ
̰غҲһںԼľڲͣˣɣǲ֪ôˡ
ģҶһĽ׵飬Ȼ֪һЩģûа취̫֪
̲ôһ˲඼֪Լĸףһ׵ĶͻҲɢ
ҲѾһˣԲܰԼʽĸ״Ҫ鷳ǿˡ
ĲҲ𣿲Ȼô취αװԼȥһԼˣҪÿһ˵Ÿָ黰ء
ˣеôˣƱĻǰֻ϶Ļ˾Ϳȥúõһ£ȥǰɣȥɹһɹ̫
һҲٽȥһѡҲֱѡ˵ص㡣
ҲֻΪӱеһУȻ֪̰غպ«ﵽʲôҩǲȷһЩԽܡ
һӣһĸףûбҪΪ󣬸ýԼվ֮С
裬ʱ䲻ˣҲһЩϢɣҰ·Ū͸Ͻȥ˯컹Ҫһȥأ𡣡
̲ٵЦţǳǳ룬Ҳ˾Ǳ뵽ĳ֮һ޷԰Ρ
ԼԽԽ˧һͻȻԼֱջ֮Ҹ
ǰʱ򻹻ᵣԼĺӳñȽϳªڿȫǶˣΪĸ׻ôǿ󣬺ôܳأ




455 ɢ
 

ڶһ磬ĸӶҲֱ̤ȥǵķɻڷɻϣʱʱĿһЩ־߳һЩɻֺͣ
̰غվһʱҲڿԳԺֻϧΪƻԵʣҪװԼ֪ԼӦס
ǸȥǻǵļĻǾȻȥɣ
̰غչװһΪӣҲֱӽһѯʣĴ𰸶Ѿһ֪
Ůǹأ˲֪ʲộȻĻҲӦúúõĽһ˽ǡ
ȻҪ˵ļңϾһˣһĻ˵лˣҶѾúˣϲġ
ˣͻȻԼѾջҸ㹻ǮԼѾ˰ɡ
ٵһСԢһ߽ҵܰӭϧһжǼٵġ
غգ³һ㶫԰ɣһ㻹ûгԹҵأȻʱ֮ĸһЩ覴á
ٵԼΪľǿһ˵ĻǼٵģ
ЩҲòȥȻʱҲֻǸԼļƻҪ鷳
˵ĵȷû˽ΪƻǳУҲֻԼ뵽ٲ֮ء
ʱԵʧ䣬õǣΨһܹľǳʧʱ䣬Ūһֿĸ飬ʱ򼴱ǶԷԼһЩɱҲ׵Ļ⡣
ʲôʱˣΪʲôҲ֪أ̰غ΢΢Ĳͷһѯʣ۾ͣĽţզŪһĺӡ
ԭҪȥˮĶĽӲԶƺû뵽Էʳ⡣
֮ǰпĵһڳշܾͨеʱҲ³ȥչ⸸Ӷ֮θֻû뵽ȻҲѾˡ
Ĳǵһ֮ǰܺóԵģֻɹѡ
ڲͣĽ̽΢΢зŵ˫֮ҲŹ
˵һжװģôòϵ˺ܻαװ
Ҽǵһ㶼أǲʲôĻһҪҲŶԣҲϣ֮ĸ̫Ŀȱ
̰غտٵվæȥһѯʣੲݵҲԵһЩУֻģȴһ¡
˹ȻеһжѾˣȻĻô˳Ȼˡ
ǵûҵȷôѾŬѧˣȻ˵ղǺܺãҲ취ܹ֮һЩͬԡ
ٵԲ˻ѻ֪ĻѻȷһЩţҲܹöԷŵģϾһʧȥ˼ˣ˵ʲôᵱһ¡
ûϵֻҪܹһѾ㹻ˣҵԶһϵĵλ㲻ôء
̰غһѴӺ汧סһЩĽӴΪԼļƻҲò
ϣ̰غѾȥһЩ˾飬ҲܹһŮ˵Ļ
װģôæϵأոջָͲҪټæµˣȻʱҲԼԽƣġ
ٺĵΪĦżȴϵͣ¼ЩϢ
̰غնЩƼȻǽΪϤģҲǰеݽһתΪľǷֹʱ˾ݱȡ
Ȼ֪ŮҰģȴûôͰͲסˡ
û취˾Ҫǰе鴦ãȻʱŪһ㣬һҪлأΪƣʱ㻹Ըҷһ¼򡣡
̰غǿס֮еַУװһӣ˵ѾԼ˵Լӡ
Ҳ֪һھڸʲôѾͶһڽбԹ˰ɡ
û취е鶼ǿѨһûκεԤϣҲû뵽֮һۿĲԼӡ
һкĻᶼûУûϵٶ֪ȥʱʱҲһ֤ˡ
ԵĻ뵽Ĺ˾һȥޣȥҲǸһЩ⡣
װһϧӣ֮ȴ֪̽˳ӿɳ赽С
һһҪ˶뷽跨ɣȻĻﵽԼļƻ
̰غһֱڵĻϣ֮ⷬҲ޵ĳû뵽ôͰͲס
Ϊ͵ȡһЩϾѾˣڻҪȥ빫˾ҰֶԶĽѹơ




456 Ͳס
 

ǰ˵һЩҵĹ˾ŻϣϰﶼûУЩԱлɳˣȻĻҵɣ
̰غտٵԼָɴҲûκεĻɣһɵӣͷԣ޷ȥ˼
òϵԼȷһЩ⣬ԭΪЩƻҲֻһЩĽУȴû뵽ݵĹѾٳɳ
ϲ֮ȴһЩźеļƻʵʩɺԼҲҪ뿪˵˰ɣȵǸʱٴμ棬Ҳǳˡ
˲£ȡ㹫˾ĻĻ´ӴԺҪһ겻ˡ
ƺڿЦ֮ȴЩ档
ҪһԸ龿Щʲô顣
˭˰죬ֻǶԷЦ
ĸԸΪһŮˣѲɲԼİУʲôĸԸġ
̰غʵ˵ţ˿ûκεϾֻҪһܹƽ£Ҫġ
һ˷ɻҲѾǰȥԤѾõľƵֻ꣬Ǹһ뷿;һЩҡ
裬ҲֻǹɢһɢģҲڶôͳ׷ɡ
̲Ȼ֪ԼĸƹżдСǮƣȴû뵽ܹóôǮȥסͳ׷
һҲһЩͣƺû뵽ԼֻǻһǧǮѾסͳ׷
ʵҲڷµıԵΪҼǵҶһͨķ䣬ǵԼôķˣǲߴˣĻǸϽ˳ȥɣȻʱ»˵Цϡ
һ̲ס˵Ҳٵȥǰ̨ȷ֮ȷȷԼķ䡣
ĴϣҲԾķֻ࣬Ժ֮ٴλǸӰȴһЩԹޡ
һǸ˳֮У;ԼѾ̭ԭû취еûһȷĽ֮ǰǲҪһϡ
ӣ˵ڸЩʲôΪʲôԽԽˣе鶼飬֮ʲô
һԼĶҲ̲סѯʣÿһξԼʱͻ֮һЩ̰
ĴҲǸӵڴԼֱһʮΪʲô
裬е黹ûеһȷĽ׶Σ㻹ǲҪѯˣȻʱ㻵˼ƻͲˣϣֳΪŮ˵֮𣿡
̲Ҳֱһ
һȻһͻݵӣռҲǳľˡ
ȻĻȻӦúúõ䷴ʡһ¡
ǿˣԴһʱˣĸ׶ʼ˱ѣȻĻһŻʲô˼ˣʱҲܹĸӶһʵŮˡ
һҲֱӿʼˣģʽԲټܵκε
ֻеŪʣµĹؼҲûȥ˼ΪǶҲۡ
㻹ǲҪٺ˼ˣɷһ㻹˽𣿴飬ʱ˼룬úõĿһ£⼸ȹ̲ҲԸ⿴Լĸһֱ߶߶ȥ
ȴһ߶߶̫ţ˾ͷͺ
ɽƣοĸҳôƯﶼһѵģҸ㣬㸸ײһĽͣʱһ˵Ļʹ˰ݣȵǸʱԼѡɡ
һҲԸټĥߴȥԿٵȥϴϴľԼĶӵƣ˯ȥ
һ̾ϢΪǺñӣڴǰ磬ͻȻԼôġ
ǰǸڵʱҲܻҪʱ̳ο㣬أǸ˶ѾԼˡ
̰غգ㵽ŪһЩʲô飬ΪʲôҲ²͸أܹ͸ͺˣҿԲһֱȥΪŮ˵ˡ
Ŵ˵ţһͻȻԼһЩۡ
ǰÿһ칤æµֻҪͻеһİã֪ʧȥ˲Żףϰһֿµ
ȥ㹫˾᲻һЩҪĻˣϾһ˾ܲãʱԱǿɾˡ
ɲȷţ֪ΪʲôǾè壬֮оշתŲ
̰غվһһѯʣֻԼֵѾͣû취ܹҪļȥ




457 ܵů
 

˵Ļһ㻰ԲκΥŵԵ뷨ҵĹ˾Ҳ͸¶֮ĹϵȻʱҲһҪĻ⡣
̰غմظһ飬ͻȻŮ˼ֱһ鷳δĿĲֶҲˣƫƫַĽѯʡ
Ҳ֪ôҾΪ飬»˵лҪһȥæɣ
ԼҲֻѡλȥѡһЩΪͼĹΪʲôҲᱻ˹ע
֪֮ôţԼĿĵģΪľܹʱʱ̼̿
ôԣҵӣһʼӦѡһϵλá
̰غտٵľܾǼҲ˾è壬ǳϲ֮еȫȻ⡣
ȻĻǺðɣôܹԣҾѾˣÿÿҹڹæµЩ飬Ҿ;ʮۡ
ٵ˵ҲʼԼĦСõĹ
еʱΪʲôԼûǰأҲڽ֮ڵ뷨
ûϵǻᾭһЩʧܣʧܹܹӭյĲʺ硣
̰غһֱڸ߸ϵĵλܴЩʲôأᾭʧѽ
̰غգ˵һͻȻʧˣô᲻ԼûãȻѰ̼
֪ͽԼʳ˿ڣȴԼȷһЩˡ
Լûȫȡ˵ΣȻĻҲһҪС
˵ʧܾ൱ڼҳ㷹Ͼÿһ˶ᾭʧһʧ֮мǰУԼɣЩʧܵ˾ӦܵһЩŶԣȻʱôܹ֪ʧܵʹࡣ
̰غĽŻӦ΢΢зŵ˫֮УҲ͸¶޵ĺݶ
ΪԼһ˼ϸˣȻҲǷںһԽԼķֳһһݣЩˣôЩľ൱ڸơ
һҺʧˣôأֿΪǰ·ϵİʯֻôأ
ͣϵĶһط֮ҲԵļڴ
ǱȽϺ⣬һڸʮעص˻ѡԼҵأ
İңͲȥʧܣңң˵ĸôעһЩͷ
̰غտļˣЩ˽ΪľǿöԷʶЩǿġ
һǸг谮ˣΪʲô飬ԼԶʮֳ硣
ǰŮȴ֮ˡ
εЦţһʱ֮Ҳ֪üѯЩʲôҿٵ߳鷿
еĶɼ¼󴦵Ʒȴֵɽһ
绰ҴҲòѡԼġ
ôˣټ첻ãô㲻ҪӦҵ飬еǮòҲˣʱҲٻԼõӡ󡣡
绰һͷ˲ͣĽűȣ˶޷ŻӦ˷кŻҲڲͣĽų
Լ󴦵ƷҲԾ߬ȭͷеĶϾļ㷢ȥϣЩвʿɶֹȻʱҲԼóܵĽ
ĵؽѣͻȻԼô޴ΪӬͷСͿʼҡ
ûϵЩ黹ǿصġ
õԼӦõЩǮƾͿԶ߸߷ɣݸҲЩ糾ˡ
ں˵㵱̸׵ʱһЩʲôҪ㶯飬ǼֱЦ飬ʼҪǮʱҵģ𣿡
绰һͷβĽѣҲɳڽŲš
̰غմ鷿֮У֮ĶԻͻȻôĿЦ
ΪǮͿԼ˵飬Ů˻Ǳ֮е̰ء
ȻĻôϸҲһҪȥſԣȻʱôܹԵԷľ޶Ʋأ
һʼҵһѾˣûʸκεҪΪݲ䣬ȰԼݵλȻʱ˶ȥ˿ɾͲá
ĵĽһѺ󣬵绰ҲһλָǷѾڵĻ֮Ҳǻںޡ
ΪĴŻ䵽˵ĵزҲΪûа취׷ԼҸ
أ˼ҲѾΪһɱɱԼҲǼ
̰غҴûҪ˺㣬ֻû취飬ҲһֱвֻΪĹߡ




458 
 

˵ţЩҲԾĵͳࡣ
ҪǮŻ⣬ȴû뵽ԼҲ뵽ٲ֮أҪȥ˺Լĵˡ
̰غմ鷿֮УЩͻȻŮôĿЦΪǮ˺˵飬װһģڸ˭
Ժ֮вԾһӰ֮ҲǸӵڴǸɵŮڵ׸ʲôأǲǻΪԴףֻ뵽˹ȵף
ٵķǸѾõֻƬͻȻ֮гڴ
ֻһЩȫأͿԺԼӻжһȥ湲ͬˣҲúӶһ˺ĸ硣
һƬ̵Ĵ֮Ҳ¿ʼԼ׷
ڹҲ۷壬ԼҲѾһӣܹҪҪѵģʲôʸһζȥǷأ
̲˯ȴһҲΪĸǣҲ֪м䵽ô£ֺΪЩѹ
ٵóֻͨǸ绰֮ҲЩļ
ôʱ䲻ܷչǰҲԽԽãƵҲңңȡ
ܣʱĻһɣߣûǴĻҲһʱװҪȥչȻĻȥۿһ°ɣ
ŵ绰ĻһԼԸоԷĮ
ֻϧ˾ôʱĹͨѾΪ˺ѣڱ˴˵ԸҲ˽ⲻ
ܲòϵԼٽӵǸ绰һɲǣȷһЩȣƺû뵽æµڼĺһԼ绰
תһ룬ϾǱҲ˲ٵ飬ʱǻҲΪɢһɢİɡ
ôͻȻʱȥμһԾٰʱװܣǲҪҵĴ⣬ĻôһҪһЩϾҵĴûа취Ƶġ
ҲһҲֱӿЦΪľܹʱԵĻԾһ£ԵһЩӲա
һȻӴĲ࣬ǶŮҲǽΪ˽ģʲô˵ʲôԼ뷨
ˣҲԼĲܣֻϧеʱᱻҡ
һⷬ٩Ҳ⣬˶Ѿʶôʱˣ֮以٩ġ
ȻĻһҪСһЩˣȻʱһҳɾͲãҪ֪ƹš
Ϊ̸ԼȤĵطԺһ˵ҲǲԾĺ
еʱʱΪʲôԼᱻأתһ˲𣿻ᱻһЩС¶ֽš
Ұѵַ㣬㵽ʱֱͿԣûǴĻӦǴıӣȻĻһǰеһаźãʱҲܹһЩ
ܶںһȻǱȽעصģΪҲй۲һڵˮ׼ԶԶĿռ䡣
ˣҵԼķһһֱŬǰš
ܣлл㡣һ˵ЩɿĻǸоԷǷůͻȻѹѾõڴ˿̾Ҫױ
һĺˣһеˡ
̰غյٶһЩĴˣǸôʱ䣬ûκε磬ﻹһЩ
˵ΣЩΪŮ˵ȫ֪
˵ףڵܣҲֻΪԷƭ
ŵ绰ĶҲ΢΢һЩͣƺû뵽Ůǿ߻Լл
˵ʲôҪ˵Щѣ֮Ӧûֺα˵ЩɿĻأûʲôĻҾȹˣ߻һЩССĻҪͨ
ҲԸĥߴȥԿٵĽ˵ĶԻΪԼĿԸо绰һͷŮϾҪˡ
Ҷ˵绰ѾڵĻҲԾĵ뵽˹ȵ֮У˵ҲԽĵͳ
ɨһټ׷һľǰڷϵĺƣԹԵĸԼһ־ĴҲת
ȻһƬȴɴЩĻЦ˾Щ˲֪ƣ
̰غ㵽׼ЩʲôΪʲôе鶼ԸأΪ˱ңǵΪֻһ׸ԣһЩҪ鷳
Ŵ˵ŸĲͻȻԼôĿɱ
Ѿеһж׵ֻҪúõһµ£ΪʲôǲܿƵȥ˼أ
˿鷿֮еĳ̰غҲһֱ˼Щ飬뵽˹˾֮Уһһտ˾Ļܣᱻй¶ô죿




459 ų
 

ȻǼװʧ䣬ɹ˾˲ɵӣҲһҪǰźˡ
ٵĵ¼Լص˺ţֱڹ˾ȺҲһͨ
̰غҲԼרҵˮ׼еһд
˾µԱڽܵʱҲǽеһаźãŵҲǱһ˽̬ȡ
ϾôʱܻиָⷢһЩ֪ôҲҪȡһЩܣɵʧܸա
ֻû뵽һϰ徹ȻὫ˰ŵ˾֮Уһε˺Ȥ
ա
Ҳֱӽ뵽˹˾֮гΪܲõһʱ֮Ҳ˲ĽĿ˰վ籾˽ﲻͣĽо
ЩɵĻҲûзκλӦϾⱾģ˶ǱһȻ̬ȣôҪû⡣
غգҪһ뿪˾ɣȻʱһЩҪ鷳ָôء
ԼҲһϷһҪ˳ŶԣѾʧȥ˼䣬ֻҲ޷ڲء
̰غԭڴͷϵ飬ⷬҲֻǵȻ̧ͷ֮вκС
ѾźˣֻҪվԼĹλæµЩͿԣʣµ˻㲻õġ
ɫȻĽŻӦ֮Ҳв޵Į˾Լڱ֮У޷԰Ρ
֮ҲǸӵԡ⵽ô£Ϊʲôܸо֪һС
̰غգΪʲôܸоҵǼٵģ˵ʵʱĲ㵽Щʲô
ԹԵ˵ǰҲԼĻ˵˳ҲǸӷơ
ĵĽ˻ԼһĽˣĽż̤
̤Ľǣ֪ԷŪģȴҲûа취ĽŻӦ
Ҫ룬ڹ˾֮ҲϣκĽۣοҵ飬˿ô£ڿ˵κ鷳ڸʲô
̰غڵ΢һЩ꣬ԼļƻҲ޴ӽй˼
ںͶӶڹ⣬Ϊɷ͸׵ľʹڹȥǶĻʲôĿԣ
ȻĻˣʲôĻǻؼ˵ȥϵ顣
ֻǣǿĳһǣҲٵ뿪˰칫ңһС칫ϣļҲԾĺת˺ܶࡣ
ûϵȰЩȫ֮ԼͿȫˣȵǸʱǮԶ߸߷ɾͿˡ
ЩνУҲֻһ޹ؽҪĹֺαزͣȥűأ
ǸᱻҵŮôˣֺαΪһ仰ʧأ
ķļһһĻܣͻȻһЩ̿֡
Ƕ˰ɣǶԷװģôܻЩȫóأ
ԥ֮£ǿٵóԼǰ׼õеһм¼˴䡣
̰غմڰ칫֮УִͻȻŮôĿЦ
ڿ˵һУЩʲôӲ˶Ǻһ
˾ԱΪһͻľÿһҲڲͣĽأһЩԱѾԼɱΡ
Աʳãһŷе˶һİ·ˣһûκ˽ѯʡ
¿ĳЩˣ⣬ҲһЩʳʡ
鷳һ߲ɳЩһЩҳԲȥٵʳúԱһЩ֪ͨԷһЩԸ⣬ȴҲӲͷƤ
ϲʳϱԼϣԼִĹܵκεѹȡ
ɣôûȥרĲأҪ֪ÿһ˾ղְͬλŷ䡣
˵֮ǰĹزֻϧΪʱڣʳÿʼ˴򷹹Ĺ
û취֯˵ļޣԲĽиᡣ
鷳һ߲ɳͿԣûʲôĻһҪȥôеĻ취һ»ʳô˳Ե𣿡
ҲԾ࣬ȴԾ˵עͣ׼ȷ˵ǳӵĿ⡣
λô˵һЩˣôʱһֱʳõķˣѲǲĻ鷳Լ۾ҪĽ衣
Ҳ֪ʲôֶλÿսЩôˣǾ;Ĳ˺ܺóԣһôЩ˻Բˡ
㲻ŮôģһôѲɳž𣿡




460 
 

ԭѹһЩԱ׵ıֱӽĵĲ˵˳սҲˣƫƫŸָĽڡ
û͵Ļô԰
˾һҲˣƫƫָֻżȻĻҲûбҪţڹ˾֮УһЩǺѽ
ЩˣֱԵҲٵ룬Ըټȥ
һڹ˾ǳĳ֮ڸְͻȻԼôĿɱ
ִֻһģֺαؽԼô΢أɶûˣǮ׬
óֱֻӲͨǸ绰˵ɫҲ쳣ˡ
еĶҶѾ㴫ȥеʲôʱԽϣʱӶҽ㣬ˣպκεҲ鷳㲻Ҫϵˣʽۡ
ŵ绰һͷĽۣ֮ҲӲκ˫ҲԾɺࡣ
ѾеǮܹˣȻĻӦȥһΪȫְҵÿڷ˿ߡ
绰һͷЩҲǿٵЦ֮ҲԸоǿ
벻ļϸȻ޴֣ҸĵطӦþԼܵ˷һ£ȻʱǱˡ
绰һͷǵؽŷ˿ûΪЩоκεи෴ֻ񾭽
̰غΪ쳣һҪ취ϽһԭίС
ֻӺͶһֱڹ֮У˶ûȥѰʧ䵽Ǽ١
һļԺҾͻ᳹뿪Ҳ鷳㲻ҪѰҵңˣ˭ǺܺãҵľҪȥɱȥ͵ȡҪĻܣΪ鴫ȥĹ˾ʲôô𣿡
ҲһˣȻ֪ҹ˾ƣΪʲô
ֻһССĺֺͬȥ˷̫ϸء
ûϵеֻҪ˾ͺãһļҴϺȻ뿪ʣµȫеļҪ֮Խҡ
ֻǷһ̾ϢҲԸټȥֱѡЭŮҲһΪֵĴڡ
Ȼǹ¿ǲôеִеĺܺãûбҵĴ㡣
ǲ֪һܷȫˣܷ׵УѡԼһ覵
ϣڹ˾֮УеĶܻ뵽U֮У뿪ȥ˵ͣ⡣
Ѿźõĳȵͣȴ쳣ۡ
ɧһӣҲֻǸܹųе鶼Ѿˡ
еȭͷҲԾ߬ܵ裬պһҪ취ֻеǷȴ֪ʲôʱ
̰غѾǰźˣڰн׷飬ѾͣǱѾá
ӻ뿪ͣ׷ȥֻһ·װļá
ΪеԵʣûע⵽ЩҲֱ˺ߡ
Ȼ˾͸ϽɣȻʱѾãЩȺ˾Ͳˡ
ǿ齸ʯҲǽŵߡ
һӿٵ˳װĵģ벻һļˡ
磬벻ôûбζĿĲֶΣҰҲͬõһУӹȻȫĴ㡣
վԶǸ˫ҲԾз
ͬһ֮Уֻϧ׷Ĳͬ
뿪ѵӪ֮󣬼ҲֱԼʼӪһҹ˾ֻϧһֱԼֶԼĶ֡
ֻϧһһöԸĴڣ뵽ʦá
ʦÿǻ˵Ц˸˶֪ӽе˶Ҫˡ
粻ŲæؽŻӦԶǸӣеѾ׼ȫ
ڳϰ˼ԶΧһҲ֪ġ
̰غ·ȻαװļãΨһ¶һǼĿĳƺš
̰غռȻ˵ĻͲҪٶˣҲ֪˾˭ֺαأ
ĺţеĵҲѾ졣
һֱڴĽӴû뵽Ȼľ棬ԼҲû˵Щʲô
͵һͷľԼĵվ
벻ȻĻҲ˽ˣôʱһֱڹעҵĹ˾ҲܸлĹעǽеҲӦʽһβ
̰غմһʼ֪Ļʹ˭ֻû뵽ôˣǲ˼ڸġ




461£
 

̰غû˸̫һ£վϵЦҲԵĴЩɱ¾
ȻеļƻѾ¶ˣôƴһˣȻʱҲ޴棬
ĻʱԻᵽȵǸʱԼֿտվһЩȤˡ
磬ȱԸȻҲŵ㣬Ը˶Ȳϡ
̰غ˳ϣһеҲŲæ
еעֺα˷̫ʱأοҲûбҪ
ֻǷһЦ˵ţֻǺЦ
ҵһЩ棬㾿ǴӺζܹԼһֱַȣ
͵߬еذףʱ׼һ
ûǸţȻĻӦȫ׼Уеʱ䶼˷ڹͨϣѰ·
磬ûʱļƽϣŮҪߣʣµ޹أȫˣҪȾ˽ץߣʱҲһľ֡
̰غյĮֻǾĴӽӲɨ˿ûκεľԼԸоЩıġ
ʦεֻΪ˶ԷһУվǿ֮ˡ
ǲϲҵʦĻôʱ㻹Ҫһʦ֣ĹϵĿԽûмǴĻԼİŮ˰ɣڸʲôأ
ԭڽ񾭣׵ĵõ˷ɣû뵽黹һЩת
̰غǶ飬ôŮӾͿԳΪҪЮĹߣ֪ڸʮ̹
ˣһҵûбҪԣӦܵеĳͷûʸ񡣡
̰غĽŻӦ˿ûаЩ¡
ֻǾ̸֮ͻȻԼôĶ࣬еһжѾźˣҲֻǺмǿˡ
ԥú󣬼вѾõĻ˵˳ΪԼ㹻ĻΪζԳô껹ûһ˵Ҳֻǰѱ˴˵һԼĹ߶ѡ
Ͼһˣе鶼˸˿ûΪЩоκεĻҡ
ӴӦһ𣬾ѾȫľϣΣ
֮жľҪһĴۡ
Ůûʸ˵һʼѾ¶Լ٣˻ĳƵع𣿡
̰غճĻ˵˿ڣ˿ûиԷκεӡ
̰غʲô˵ʲôȻûʲôصıҪϾҲֻһСˡ
ԭҪ˵ЩʲôЩɫͻȻ쳣԰ףȭͷҲԾģֽɡ
˵оӡԼҲһʱ䣬ûһĺӡ󶼲ӵС
̰غգĴǶ㶯ģȻʱҲôңеļȫǼٵİɣ˵Ҵһʼ֪ļһֽأ
ЩȫԼһû뵽Ȳѵ˵˳
룬Щһֱżͨ᲻Ҳһأ
ϾһŮǿһů͹ػÿһɳϳ۳Ѿˡ
յһʼѾ˾ϣûܹĽС
ô˾ˣûʸҽƱ磬֮սҲʽʼ쵽֮ǰ˴һɡ
ҲԸټȥôصǷݸ߰ҲԲⳡս
ѸٵŤأҲذ׽أȻˣҲԲ˼óѡ
ǲעЩȴ䱻ذ׵Ĺâҫע⵽ЩʱľǼذ׳˳̰غյĿڴ
ʶȥһн˸룬ǰأֱĴԼؿڡ
ʦֲҶϣ㷸˴ǰ˵ͻ˽⣬Ҳڡ
һѪ˳ѪҺҲ˼һѪ֮Ҳڿ֮ѸٵĽ
ֽ˻ԼвЩѪҺʶԼĴֻϧΪʱ
ҲȲѵĹȥھĴ뿪
ЧϾ˼ࡣ
̰غҲԸһŮӾʧǵ뿪Ҳѡ˺ᡣ
˿̵Ĺ˾Ҳ˲䵹̰غվ֮һ˲Ϊ˹˾֮ĹɶҵһγΪһ
һҲѾúõȥιһܵʱװչϾԷҲһֵ𾴵ʦ




462 Դ
 

ҽһЩҪȥμһʱװչʱϾ˼㣬Ҫʲô͸Ҵ绰
ٵĻһԼƵ·һͣĽŶ֪ԷѾźã֮лһЩǱڵĹǡ
̲С󶼺ٺĸ׷ֱʱֱҲ˾һԶ롣
ԽԽ߶ˣûϵȥɣѾչˣ𣿡
̲һֲֵӣЩҲ⣬е鰲ź˾Ѿ㹻ˡ
ͲǵǸ໴ĺӣûбҪÿĸס
һȥɣʱڻ᳡ңҲҪȥιһ£ôһֱֵҵ
һǲöӲЩģһ뵽ӹĴĻҲһЩġ
Ҿֱӽеһдʼİš
᳡˶ڲͣĽųﱸģϵЩ·ҲҫۣڵƹҫԽ
û뵽겻ԽԽˣֱǹţҼʱգһԳΪңңȵˡ
һЩƲƷ֮ҲȷһЩ𺳣ȴҲɽѹȡ
ԶԴڶ֮ҳԼķҲ˲òһ㣬һͨȹŸָζ
һʼҾ֪һᳬңǶЩҲ⣬죬ܹңҲ˵ȷǿ󡣡
ֻЦţЩͻĻҲ飬ϾŮ˵ʵҲȷͬ졣
̲Լĸ׺˹ͨ˳죬һʱ֮ҲһЩΪѸǱߵҲѾ˰ɣȻĻҲӦһ۵֮òС
ٵԼֻϵ˸ף̲ѡһĽǶȣΪ޼Լᡣ
̰غԭ׼ףһ£ոջһҹ˾飬ȴڿƬ֮͵ؿԼ顣
̣ܣңʲôʲô˵ҪҰ
ΡΡĽŻӦ˫ȶʼԾһЩһҪ
ҵһ·ھںδȻҶһŻƱҵҪһ˭ҵŮˡ
̰غտٵĽ˷ԸҲֱӽ˳һʼ׼ģΪľǷֹӸܡ
ǡٵӦҲҴææ˰칫ңֻڹŵһɲǣ˫ȲԾ̱ࡣ
еֱԤһ쵽ǵĻƱ飬ͻȻԼ̴һ¡
ϰߣעʱҪһЩ֣̿ûϵҲһջ
վſµһºеĻƱƺɢһ޷ܡ
ֱ룬ľվڴǰĳ̰غա
ܣеһжѾźˣǻƱٵĽƱȥԾһЩȴѾڼĽŰѳ֡
Լȥ񲿶һĹʣʣµ齻˾ҶĲˣеԱһĹʣһҪһ칦磬Щͽʱһ㱨յԤͿԡ
̰غռҪ뿪Ҳе鴦ȫԲ˾κεΣοҹ˾ոպϲ϶ĵⷢ
Ҳǳúõķһ°ɣϾæµôʱ䣬ÿһ춼ûһúϢʱ
ϰģеһᴦãڷǱͷȥɣʱҪʲôṵͨ˽˵绰
ô飬ЩȻҲ˽ⲻˣҲûôĿֻš
е鴦ãǻǸרĻλϣ֮ͻȻһЩš
Լָн˵ԼѾ֪һУɵǸʱһ᲻ԹԼʲô鶼֪Ǹأ
һһͷ̲סһЩʹУŷɻĻɣƣҲһϯȫ
˷ɻһʱϵԼĶӡ
̲յϢҲǴҴææ뿪˻᳡ǸԼľҽ
һΪרעⳡʱװչԲδע⵽ֻϵϢٴηӦʱѾһн
벻㾹Ȼôб£ݵʱڽеһа룬ˣƷҲ̾Ϊֹ
һΪһʦȻ֪ÿһ׵꾿ȻЩҲ޷Ĩȥġ
ֻ΢΢ЦЦͣƺǲ⣬ȴƵϲá
˵ֻҪܹƳһƷѾ㹻ˣ֪𣿾֪кܶʦƲƷͻԼҵļ




463 ĵ
 

ֻҪµĽ£ͻȻȦӲûеô򵥡
Ȼأʲô飬ʵҵһЩ棬ϳɣǶͣӦñһҪᡣ
֮ҲǽΪˣһʳΪ˽ܵ⡣
ܻϹеģԼĿԸоЩڿĽأΪҪ鶼һЩѡ
ʲôǲ͸¶ģڹѯһ˵ǲòΪ
òЦҲûҪ֪Ĵ㣬˵֮以๵ͨһоͿԡ
ȻĻ鷳´ʦúõĸҽһղŵǸ£ҵһЩļôأ
һҲһȻ֪ʲôʲôʣȻԷ˵ôûбҪټľȥȻҲֵֻһԹ
ùҵļʱЩֵƷͻᱻԣ׼ȷ˵Ǳ޸һºͻ¹һ֡
ܾͼƽĿ˵Щ飬ѾǼֲ֣ǵԼҲһ͹ȵʱǸʱ˶ķʽ֪
ĵָ߰ԲܷԼԡ
ҲΪ飬ųһߺ䶯С
ȻôЩ飬ǲ֮ǰҲбȹҼǵк䶯ǸУһΪǰᡣ
һƺͻȻʲô˫ҲԾ΢š
һЩ棬ŵϵ׷ʲôĥ
㵹һˣʵ˵ʵҽЩڿѾǽ壬һ㣬ҲԼһõĹޡ
ֻ̲סһпͻȻԼҲصĻơ
˺ˣҲǴæˣϽȥףһεʤɣһҪԼĺӺúõĳȥɢһɢģطΨһܹҲַ羰ˡ
һֻ΢΢ĳһǣ֮ȴĽԭе˶вΪ֪һ棬ֻϧͿԼܲܿ˷
ȥɣù컹һЩҪ㽻̸ǷĻﶺա
촽΢΢˶һŮӡ
һֻ΢΢ţÿһͷһҲǼֲ֣Զأȴɻ
ҲΪչ飬Ҵææľͱ˽ߣһʱֻ֮ʣºһһԭλ
ԾĿһԼΧǿտҲʶóֻһͨľš
һЩˣȻؾƵ꣬ʱǵûңǵøҴһЩóԵġ
̲רǸעˣҲɷ
ǹôʱ䣬ԶһСûа취ȥУԶĲԼǸϰԡ
ٵİպӵϲùһЩ»صƵ꣬ľǲ֪ķ䡣
ֿ̲ʼػˣ֪֪ÿһ׬ǮжôĲףǸεĵҲ֪ںδϵϵǡ
һſͷǼ侫ĲãҲ̲סһԹ֪Ϊʲôݳ֮ǰദ
̰غվڰݱԹҲԾš
ԤԼСӻǿɰôʱ䲻ϵԼҲˣڻͶ˵ԼĻ
ûĵģҺôҲ裬һôʱ䶼ӭңһôĺóԵġ
һٵĽеĶϣտҲ׷֮ҲǸӵĻҡ
̲Ȼƽʱ̰һ㣬ǲԲκεЦǲǳʲôˣ
ɫҲԾĲ԰æҪſȥȴѾ˹ϣһɾ޴̲ס
ǳ̰غյŮˣǸңҵϹԲŹ㣬ȰûǰֵַģȻʱֶϽ˿ɱҡ
һٵĽž棬֮ԾһЩҲ֪Ǹ˵ɷá
̰غԼСԱţһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
ҲһӢȻвٵĳˣű¶Ҫܵԡ
벻Σʱ򣬵һ뵽ľңҲкܶˣ˼ţһǸ˶еô죿Ҫɱ㡣
̰غ΢һЩƣǾǷͻȻƣһɨ
һϤеҲѾֹͣȴһЩͻȻ֮ͻָ
㲻ϲľ𣿼ȻĻ˾˫˫ɺˣαȥͨһЩء




464 ͺ
 

Ƶ˵ţһۿѾ࣬һҽԺĳҲͲԾһЩɬ
Ǹʧ֮󣬵һʱǵľ㿷֮ޣ˵ĸĿɿ
ɵϣҴʼҲֻһϷѣ˾һҪȡҵҲҪѶԷҲֻܳ²ߣŴˣǾҵĲԡ
̰غտٵĳԼĴҲڲͣĽֺãôŴľĲԣܷʲô飬ԶҪġ
һɱһŰɵ״̬ЩҲ֪ţϾеһ֪ȥо
ģе鶼Ѿˣˣ˾ĹģҲѾ࣬ԷĹ˾̲飬ǰͺͶ˵ˣŵĻȥһǵĶӡ
̰غտٵĽŽ֮ͣҲǸӵĽϾ޶֮ĸɻľַɣĻʱҲܵһЩƻ
һůĻеŭҲʱԵһɨ⣬ɲ֪ΪЩ;ԾһЩ
ɲôӦðе鶼ѽ֪֪ҵʱжܡ
һѾˡ˶ԷɲԸκεиϾҲȷǽΪصġ
̰غտԼ˿ɰҲֻ΢΢ЦţȴҲ֪νŽ͡
ұ˵ģҴһۼһ̣ҾͰе㣬ʱһϷû뵽ҵһۿĲ㣬Ҳֻڲ֪½Ϸȥ
̰غС˵ҲҽԼŵ̫ߣϾĻ̫ߵĻԵһЩˡ
һⷬҲǸӵڱԹ𣿱Թһֱûڲǰ档
Ҳ飬˵׾ԼĴһֱ˺㣬Ϊʲôǰһ֪֪ҵжż˵ǵĺûأ
һԼƵĻҲһѯʣҪһ˶ӵһ̬ȡ
Ȼ̰ⷬغӶʼޱȽӲϵЦݾӲҲ֪νŻش
ûˣֱһشҲû뵽⸱ģ
ƭҵĶԲԣôңô˵ĺӾ뿪أҪ鿪ЦˣĲϲһβʲôҶǰ֪㡣
̰غմҴææĽۣҲǸӵĻңںºû˸ô죿
Ͼ˵Ѫ׵ʱĲ
һ⼱ææĻҲڻϲ˲٣ŲɵԼѪʧ
ģƭĲôҾԲҵĺܿ࣬˵ĹκεΣգʵԼûа취ȥΪֵһЩǳûеĻʱҾͲܳΪĸˡ
һ˵˵ۿ˲ͿʼúֻҪһֱһ𣬿ɲ֪ʲôʱʼ֮ĲԽԽ
ҲѾΪһʦɱ˴֮ԾһЩ࣬ڲͣĽӡ
ɵѾͷ˵ʲôأôԶԣһ㲻κεĸı䣬ԺҪɵˣ֪֪ҿͱһҾͻԴס
̰غƬеĴ˲ڲͣĽӣһЩԼûпӡ
ǶİɣҾ֪ǹ飬ԶеźãˣôͻȻҹ˾ϲˣڲӦæµʱҪ㻹ǸϽȥɣҿҪһʱ䡣
һ´ʦ˵ĻҲе鴦˸ɾ
̰غչ˾֮п϶вٵҪһȥųﱸȻĻôӦúúõæµһ²С
ģҶѾˣʲôĻǰ֪ңʱһӦϣҲǰЩ鴦ãҪľ㡣
޶֮޼ϣҲ˾ʮ־壬ôҸ
̲Ϊ׵ĵҲֻסڸڵķ䣬ȻһסȴҲʮҸϾĸ֮ĹϵҲѾõ˻͡
ֻ飬ټĻʱĸĿԽ𣿿ҲһҪԼʵУȻʱҲܱĸס
ͣ˴֮˵һЩĻҲʮֿ
ˣǸŮӵôˣҲľˣǶԷģôҲһҪúõĶԴ˼Ҳſԡ




465 µĶ
 

һǸŮȻһЩϲǱϾǶԷľˡ
˶Ѿˣ˽úõİˣе鶼ѾȥˣͲҪЩˡ
̰غҲԸϺķʱ䣬ϾȷԼһܱʣȻҲ⸱ģ
ԴߵһɲǿʼѾʶе⣬ǰ֪ԷҲô˶ʧ
ʵҿԸо㲢鷢չزû취еʱûκԤϵ£һһŸķչʱҪľǱǷ򶨺ͳţȻʱҲǸԼһЩΣ
һٵĽȰ裬֮ҲŹ̫ˣأҲԵ˲ԾҪԼ
ѾȥˣͲἰЩˣ˵ĹҲѾȡһȻĻͺúŬ˵պлĻҶ˿ԺʱǷϡ
ԼһһųɹȥҲǸӵϲá
ʱԼİ˵õԼĶͻԼԾĿš
գһ˱Ҳֱȥ˾ƵͣȻҲǽϺӡ
С龫ְַʲôƬȻ˼͸˹һǴһĽǶץİɡ
һԼĶͣҲ̲סѯʣ⺢ԶһĪĽǶȾͿһЩᡣ
ⲻΪǷ޶֮ĸһֱǸŮӴһͲµʱԼλñ𡣡
̲һĽŷ˲ò١
̰غԭŵĳͣνķ֮˶Ǻסˡ
Сӣҿĸף㾹ȻݺңһҺĸ׵ĸʲôô죿ʱĸչ𣿡
̰غչװһݺݵӽ棬Ҳʮֿɰ
Ƿ޶֮ĸôãʲô˶ûа취ƻģҲֻƲѡ
̲ҲԸټĥߴȥٵĽ˻⣬Ҳֱĳ͡
ö˳ɢɢģȻĻҲһҪһЩԼҪĶУһ԰ɣĵҲһЩʱˡ
֣Ȼ˾͹Ѱɣ֪Ĺ˾ִ׬һʣӦøļһЩ𣿡
ԹͣԱ̲ҲֱԼҪ
ΨһĿʱҲӦԼȻʱĸѵʱҲûа취
˼ҶҪĵʲôģҶѾǰԤˣҺҪȥһУعĻҿ˸ͻȥ
̰غտԼĶӣֻһ޴ޱȵĵݣҪ֪еʱоǲӦôӡ
ӦûعˣҲûʲô˼ġ
̲еĶѾԤˣҾȥúõĽһ
ҲһҪһϰſԣʱϰһԼ塣
УһعȵعڣøҴ绰
̰غռԼĶӾҴææҪ뿪ȻףҲûѯʣϾӶѾˣԼΪҳҲܲһֱ˩ԡ
һԸӣȻ֪˾ҪҲûгеӡ
ӶѾˣԼĿ굱Ȼһֱ˩ԣܹҪúõһ´˵ַա
ͲºӵʱʲôǳΣʱҺûꡣ
һ̲ס˵ҲһЩΪʲôԶһŲģ
ԼĶԼţԼıãôͲҵĶӡ
̰غҲ֪ԼⷬһЩˣʵˣĸǳɹʿȻĻӦһԼȻʱֻᱻЦ
⻰Ҳ˵ĺôˣ˳ɹʹźһҪһĻһɶûУʲô塣
һٵԼϾУֻҪܹҸɳѾ㹻ˡ
Щ˲Ӧκεķ磬úԼоͺãе·Ѿ̺ˣԼ顣
ٵĽ˵̸̰غΪľǷֹһЩҪִҪ֪֮ɻľǳָָ⡣
ԭٺͺһЩʱװܵ飬û뵽ԼҲһЩ㽫е¶ճ̡
ٵĲͨǸ绰ä֮󣬱ҲѾ˶Է




466 Դ׵
 

һʱĻǰһҵĹҰɣһЩҪ㣬һһѲݳԲһֱ
һűʼǣһ˵Ҳһڲͣæµŵˡ
һԭԼɷһȥ̳ⷬҲɷ˾ٵȥ˹ңģվʼǵܡ
ʲô£ĻôżǲǳʲôˣµĻһʱңȻû̫ı£ʽһǿ԰ġ
һٵѯ֮жҲһЩţϾԶ˵ĸ߰׵ĸ֪ˣԼż
˼ʲôأǸһʼǣʱʲôҲԲοһ£ôĥľ顣
Щǣһʱ֮Ͳ֪˵ЩʲôֻĽʼǽ˳ȥ
֮ǰԥһԼһʵˣܽѧľ鴫ڸԷô죿ʱŪⱾʼǡ
һϵȷȽ֣ⱾʼǵҲԽԼȱݽֲ
ʼǽ˹һԾһЩԥҪ֪ⱾʼݣҪȥĻһۡ
ģҲǮֻǿԾһЩ̰οһ£ǲȫĳϮ
ܼԷ˾裬Ҳ̲ס̾ϾҵӦþһЩǡ
ˣҲû룬ֻǾⱾʼȥĻһ߸ߵļ۸񣬾װ׵ĸңʱҸرء
һʵĽŻӦ˿κεϾҲѡ
ܶЩҲ⣬һƷܹ׬ǮҲûбҪȥ
ԵĻֻҪȥһЩԼ飬绷ȥúõĲһеֲ
ʱҲһԼУƳµƷ
һɲķʱ䳤κ˶һЩȻĻӦһЩһЩ
Ҫĵڷ治ͣĽű任
ֻзĽű任ſһ˸оı仯ȵǸʱĳɹ
෴һɲֻ֤ԭ̤ԶȥԼʼǸ
ܣͱĲһ˶뷽跨ԼкƷأΪľǷֹԣʱԼû䣬㲻ͬ취ñ֪ЩȻøƷ
һ̲סڽſޣʶôʱԷϰ߾;ʮֵĴȡ
Ͼÿһ˶ԸԼΪĶˣҪ֪Ļʹ㲻Ψһˡ
ֻ΢΢ЦЦЩҲ⣬ÿһ˶ԼķͷҲǴԼ֮УʱƳƷҲЩŷģȻȫһ
ˣ˵ЩˣҵȷһЩҪҪʲôĵطֱӸҴ绰绰ҷϢҲԡ
㲻Ըټ˵ȥٵĽеĶʰã򵥵ľһ֮ҲѸٵ뿪
ֻƳƷű˴ԼƷϲãҸ
͵ĿǸӰʧԼ֮УһҲԾЦˣ˾ԶһЩȴκλر
˶ѾˣͲҪټˣȻʱһǸץ˫ȣʱٴ˫֣Զ޷ټơ
̰غնݺݵĽв֮ȴһЩ֪Լӣˣܺܡ
ҪĴ׸óȻʱ㵽˾ͲˣҲֻǸһʼǶѣ˵ҵĶأҿһֱǴһãȻ״̬
һ΢΢Ц˵һεЩ;ôĿЦԶҲ鷢˰ɡ
ʵҾǲԸЩչȻʱҲԺ㲻£ȵǸʱͰΪʦ㡣
̰غ˵ȴҲѾ̹˲٣ԷٶԼаĶˡ
ȥʲôĹңΪ㻹ܹڹĳ۳𣿡
һϣ˻Ҳ޵Ҹ
Լϲ˴һ𣬲ܾʲôҸģҸأҲʮ㡣
ûʲôرҪĶҿȥ򣬷ôǮͶӻʱ˷ˣ˺ӳʱҲҪٵӤƷ˻Ҫȥ򡣡
̰غտٵ˵ţѾе鰲źá




467 
 

ƽ׬Ǯܶ࣬Ȼ˵˿
һ΢΢ͷԼԵ˻һЦ
̰غ׬Ǯκ˶޷ģҲΪ˳Ϊš
̽磬ֻҪܹԼıȥ׬ȡʵʽǾġ
̰غԼŵĿޣҲǿٵıͷƺһЩߡ
ˣеǮģΪҵţ˵˿Ժúõĳȥһ֡
ٵĽŻӦɫһЩȣȴѾͲס
ŮһֱԼԣֻŲᱻ졣
ȻĻͳȥúõĹһɣҲȷһЩҪȥɹ
һֻĽŻش߲Ƴϴŵ·Ҳһ𰸡
·˽˶ƣÿһ·ɫɫ˾һЩϳɡ
˵ǮȥһЩ·ȻҪǸһϲ
֮ǰΪһ·ֻϲһ̵ֱ֮С
ûһʵĻᣬκ˶ܹ·Ҳֻǹﵱһ衣
ޣôͻȻ֮ҪȥŹˣ⵹ǲԸǲ׼ʲô飿
Լţ̰غջǽΪ˽ģһеҲͷβһЩ޻̸֮¡
ͻȻҪȥһ䣬ΨһĽ;ԼҪĶֻһʵĴ㡣
һʦʱҪȥοһ˵һûпȡ֮
һڳϿٵĽŻشȴװһŵģ
ʱҪһ˾ϲоһЩʧ
ֻſһϵϲá
ԽԽ㲻ˣʱʲôûа취˼
̰غյҲû˵Щʲôֻǿٵ˷ԼŲҪš
˿ٵȥһҽϴ̳һȥԸоǷݻ
ĴשǾһĿ˵ĵӰѿĻȷһ
ʵҲԺúõĲȡһ¿ȡ֮ûǴһ̳֮ǰȥֻһЩ̬ȲǺܺá
ͻȻ飬һҲֱӽԼĽ˳
ԼӪһҵ̵ʱҪľַ̬ȣܺúõȥԴˣôûʸ񿪵̡
Ȼһ̳ɴССɣǱϾͬһ塣
һ岻õµľֶܵһЩӰ졣
̰غ΢΢ףҲǱȽ˽ġ
֮ǰпǹ⣬ֻһֱ֪ȥŹͨϾÿһ˵̬ȶһ
̳֮Уÿһ컹Ҫŵ̵𣬲ˣҪ취Լﵽ󻯡
һһ飬Ѿ˼ôܻһдɨøɾأ
ȥǼ̵꿴һɣҿ·ǲӡһ΢΢֮Ҳš
һЩ棬·׼۸Ǯ
ȻΪһֱڷʵ˶ûء
ãһǮޣ׼ȷ˵һ
һٵǰȥ·ĲϣüͷҲԾ
ʼȷĹͨ·ĲҲһҪõģĥһЩʡ
λСĺ۹⣬·ʦƣǰʱ仹ȡһЩҲһң󡣡
ۻԱٵˣͣĽŽ⣬ΪľǿԽȥ
֪ΪʲôЩڿ·ʱѯʣȴڽӴϵһ̶Ѹ뿪
һԩͷҪ·Ҳһ£ֻǲ֪ʦôġ
ֻһΣ·ĲϷҲźܴĲȱ
ȻһвǺ˽⣬ҲԸо·һʡ
Ǻһ·Ƶģǵ档һֻĽһ鿴㿴⡣
·ȻԼƵһģһһЩϸڴȴһЩΪ֪ı仯
ڵƴҲǷֹĦͿӵ䣬һЩСء
ڿӷ첹ʱ򣬻ᣬʱ첹Ա֤Ӳ䡣
ڵƣҲķ˷ĦĲϣΪľǷֹ·ûдãھͻһЩ״
·Ҫʱȥ첹²һЩףΪڵòϵʱҲǵЩ
Ĵֲ߿ûа취첹·׾ͱΨһİ취õӷ첹ķʽҲһҪȫͬС
ˣⲼҲԺϳɵģ·ͬʱҲԵķһЩϡ




468 ȫ׼
 

ģϵ·ȴȻͬڲϻһĦ㣬Щϸڴ˿ûκεʾ
ԼĻԿͷ״
㣬㿪ʲôЦһôĵ̣ʦôܻ·
ۻԱҲ⣬в䵱һԼݣӣҲѾֲˡ
ûбҪһˣ˵Լ·ʦÿһ˶·Ƕ˵档
ⷬһҲֻ΢΢ЦţۻԱֿȴһЩͬ
һʦѲʦͲҪ·ԼƷһҪԼϲſ
ҵ֤Կһ£·ĹԴһ¡ٵĽԼ֤˳һҲ˻鴦á
ԲԼһЩ顣
Ƶÿһ·һУЩҲջ۵ģ׵ıԣǾû˻ۡ
̰غվԶĿһУ䲻֪ʲô飬ҲԼһԭġ
ֻҪҪȥʲô⣬ǳ̰غգ̳Ҳһĺ
ٵĴǰȥһ§뵽ԼĻУ̰غ΢һЩС֣һЩۡ
ŮԶ֪úõһԼ壬ÿһ˲Ż۲ѡ
ģҿԴãÿһ鶼㣬ʱûҸô졣
һ̲סűԹȴ΢һЩɬ
˵ĵȷû˶˽ģܲһֱ˵æɡ
̰غնЩҲ⣬ΪһɷԼӱ֮顣
οǷޣ֮ӦûﻥŶԡ
ҵӣҰʲôԵĵطҲһһֱһ𣬲ҪǼﻹкӡ
̰غں˵ţۻԱ˿Ѿֽ
ôû뵽վȻͻ˻·ǵġ
С㣬ģ·Ҳȷ͵ģҲȷĽһʵļǮ·ǼٵģҲ֪
ۻԱٵĽŽ֮ͣҲС
·һЩӡģ·ʱǸҲڵģûȷıʾ
ֻ˵ҪһʵļǮ
һⷬüͷҲ΢΢ϵҲЩķ̡
ҪȡһЩǮֻҪ˻ٵ
ȻĻΪβҳĻף
ɣһƷһݣʱֻҪչͿԣ·ļǮҲûôֻ߰ҪС
һҲԸټΪˣҲֱӽ¡
ٿԲ²⵽鵽ô£ϧû֤ҲܺҵĽһɡ
Ҳһúõĵһ£Ҳһ¡
˹Ϊ֮ͻڰ佱ʱ˵ȵǸʱԼǻҲᱻʸ
ˣ·Ǹ˵绰ûУϵʽֻһЩĿܹ֤Ǹݵľ͸һݡ
һתһɲǣҲͻȻ⣬Ҳæѯʡ
Բܴû׼̣ȻԷҪݺôһе׼á
ȻĻ·ҲԲ뵽κ˵
ĵûУֻһƯŮӣˣмأ϶ȫ̽м¼ġ
ۻԱͻȻʲôҲһȻģôǼĴ£
ȻһⷬҲ¶Цݡ
Ҳ̽ۻԱǷԸڸġ
ȻѾ˵˳ôûбҪټ׷ȥˡ
ûκεĹװ֪Ϳʣµ齻дƷҾˡ
һ·ֱӴߣҲȥ˼ңһЩǮȥ
û뵽ֻǳ֣Լһջ񣬺ǰ·ű˵ʱ·⡣
һڳҲ̲סһһ̾Ϣ
úõһϲûˡ
̰غҲһЩ׽ôˣΪ֡
㵽ôˣ˵һЩ׵أ·׼׸ʲôǸ׼ûмǴʿ·
̰غվ˵ţҲԾ͸¶һЩ⣬ԼŮƵ·Բܸԡ
ɵϣҾǸƵģϲû뵽£ȻĻǾͻȥʱٸɣ




469 Էһ
 

һĽŽͣȴһЩϧ·ҲֻףͳȥһףֻһףΨһһ׾ֻ͸Լɷˡ
̰غĽͣЦҲʼʡ
˴ҴææĻص˾Ƶ꣬һڴϣҲһε˯ȥ
˵ԽƣˣӺͶҲһĹϵûʲô⣬Ҳûе´ĵز
̰غձԼ˵һЩĻ˶Ѿ˯ˣҲùĴȥæµŹϵ¡
̲ڻںҲǵһʱͽԽһ˲ļܣΪľǿԲκ˿̽һЩ˽
裬Ȼûг󣬵Ҳ취Ŭȥ㣬ԲܵκείǸػ
ڵǰ˵ţҲԾࡣ
ڻǵСʱĸ׺һֳÿһ춼ôҸĸ׿ΪһУԼҲˡ
ںò׳ˣȻĻӦúúõȥһݶ顣
Ӷ˲ͿʼƵੲݵ˵ţǽƵҲһЩơ
ףҲûʲô飬ĸǱߺúõһ¸飬ҵ㲻õģѧУҲûϿΣһȥѧϰһЩ
̲ٵĺ͸׻㱨Լг̣Ϊľǲǵġ
ĸܹǲ׵ģһЩ鷳Լӵģһǻ
̲ҵĶӣҲҪڻһӣûбҪԼģҪľǿᵽɳֻ֣ڳɹҲ⡣
̰غҲһˣȻԿóҪŬȥԼʵ
ʵȻǺõģʱԼﵽ˾ǾͲˡ
̲һͱȽϴĺӣԾΪ׵ĲһЩǣӹڳҲһ¡
ͷİɣҾԲԼ¶ѹģҲֻΪϲȥѧϰοΪĺӣҲܲʧ
̲ᶨĵ˵ͷͻȻԼôҸ㸸ĸʱʮæµİȴֻ
ҲѾˣѡʲôҪҰæĵطͼʱңǧҪκε
Ӷ֮Ĺͨƽ˴֮عϵҲӵĺг
һʱ򿴼ľԼɷﲻͣæµĳ
ѾˣͺúõϢһ£ÿһζԼôѹΪԼѽ
һٵҲ̲ס˵ǰô㣬˾ֻԶ۶档
̰غⷬҲϣǵЦҲʼƦ
Ŵں˵굽ж㲻֪𣿡
̰غһüͷһ˵˫۾ͷ·ڷŵһúһá
㣬һʱ˺ӾͲˡ
Ͱ͵˵ţһֻԼһŻڲͣĽȼôȡ
ԼһЩˣ̰غҲټȥҲٵĽ˷
ûмǴʱ㻹һɣȻĻòǰһи㰲źãص⣬ҿȥһ̡
Ҳһ˲ĹָֻǷʼ̸˹
ͻı仯Ҳ΢һЩӦҲֻεĽš
Ͼеʱ˾ڴʱ˾ô棬ʱ䳤ŷҲġ
˰ɣЩҲֻ֮ûбҪ˷ôʱģοֻһѣһеġ
һ޿ֵĽŻӦ˿ûУΪЩ˸оκεĻҡ
һһߵ죬ʲô鶼Լݣôʱû塣
ȻĻǾͺðɣǲʲôĻһҪһʱңǧҪԼһе⣬ȻһһЩġ
̰غǲĵģٶŶһѵŮһ
ǵԼŻᱻݺϾͷͬСɡ
Ҫ֪Ϊһʦһ۵㣬ʹ㲢û֮еôá
ôպ󼴱ȡ˸Ľ۵Ҳһֱϣ֮ȥ
Щ˾ͻ۵ĵĽбʾȵǸʱҲ˺
ģѾˣΪĿô·Ҳֻ͵һͳ⣬Ψһ·ϾѾ˵ˡ
һٵĽŻӦȴҲʱʱĵͷ·ȥʱҲһһ
ҲΪŸӵģʱ⣬ָ͡




470 
 

ģֻҪڣеѾͻӭж⣬ҵȻҵȥٸָ󡣡
̰غҲԸ⿴ԼӣΪȥ
ֻһ׷װѣе֤ݶѾȫˣûбҪټ׷ȥ
һҲֹסЦš
ԶʱõһЩ֧֣Щ֧أҲеĴʼԽļ͡
ûĻһ治֪ôźˣе㲻ټȥˣһЩû˼οҹջҪ׼һ²Ʒ
һԥŻǽԼе뷨˵˳
Ǻϲеʱ䶼˷ϡ
һγҲֻΪࡣ
е鶼ѾˣôûбҪټͣȥ
ȥĻôǾͻȥɣҹ˾кܶҪһĻһҪúõĸлһӣڣҲʲô鶼
̰غյҲ⣬ÿһ˶Լ׷Ŀ꣬ܲ˽ȥ˵Ȩ
һһ˼ЩϣΪɷȻӦúúõ֧һ²Ŷԡ
ĺлл㣬һ˴ڹڣҲȷһЩĸģӦúúõĿһ£һһ𣬲ﶼʱ⣬ûбҪȥӪһЩΧ
һǷݴȣͻȻ˲١
ԭڵ᲻ͬ飬ȴû뵽ԷҲúʵķһ̨¡
úõȥһ¸飬˭ֲԸأֻû취ǱȣҪһЩѵ顣
ŮԶһЩûа취ȥ²˼ֻҪԣʲô鶼Ǻõġ
̰غؽͷľѴǷůҲԾࡣ
޶֮Ҫ˴ȥһЩֻŻøøֿ
գҲٵĺص˹ڡ
һΪҵ飬Զ˷ֵһ˹˾һȥ˹ҡ
ϰģҲһľ֪ΪƵǼȻѡΪ˲Ʒֻȴġ
ٵ˵ţҲ޵ĵǣϰΪ̰غƵģˣһһЩɡ
һΪʲôأԭô򵥵飬ģѾӦ֮ߣʱѾһ㣬ǰе֤ݡ
һٵĻӦţûΪš
Ҫ׷ȥֻû뵽ԷƤ̫
ȻĻӦðе˵ԼƵƷΪҪ˵š
ϰ廰Ȼô˵Ͳ¶ԷʱʹһЩèһʱе֤ݶָô졣
Ҳһ˽пܷⶼ˸顣
ϮҲռ˾޴İٷֱȵģֻû뵽˾ȻҲ޸κεϸھͽֱӽȥ
h黹̫ˣԷҪĻͲѶԭⲻĽȥԿ϶û뵽Լļƻ¶û뵽һǰ֡
һڴ˿̷·Ǳһһ˵Ͷ֮䶼һε˲ò
Ըѹ˾˽˶ԹΪһ̸
ɽ߼ȻһĹȻĻ˳һˡ
һûͷԵ˾ӦܵһЩͷ
ϰ壬˵һжźˣǶԷҪҧһڣҲеӦ֮ߣ
hȻϰ岢ӣϻһЩġ
Ʒֲ˻˵ܹֻһ·Ѳɻſ˵
ЩҲ⣬Ҫľǵʲô֪ӣЩ黹˭֪
һһ߲鿴ϵƲͼһ˵˿ûκεĵǡ
ηκˣΪԸʶ䡣
ô׵ľͷˣҲֻöԷһЩѡ
ûл֮ǰֻһ֪û׵͸¶ȥµʱﰲһЩҪļϸ
hҲֱѹ
֮ȻһЩͬ£ЩܹǱǮҵġ
·飬ֻйҵ֪˵֪أΨһĽ;ǹڼ顣
ڻ֮ǰҲпǹ£֪·һҲֻйеԱҪһ£Ҳϣ鷢
һ˾ͷ·Ǳһһ鶼ʼʮϽҲκε覴á
͸ӿڹԱüͷҲԾĽ塣
ΪԼԴЩԱܺãΪλųֱ顣




471 
 

ʵҪ˵ϰ̫ʴˣԶڿˣȴûпǹЩˡ
h̲ס˵ȴĪһЩǡ
ĳڼ飬ôҲһҪСĽһЩˣϾϾҪˣƲݸҪ
˵ҲֻǼëƤС£ûбҪƽϣҪľǸϽ취ڼ顣
һһ䵭Įģƶе鶼ںȴһЩš
һڼ鶼ûУей¶ȥģѲǲС˵©죿
ͬһ﹤ڻɣ»˼顣
ôûа취пܷų
h˵ǲ̫ʴˣҶеԱϸҪ󣬻ȵǸʱͲٷ飬Ļͻùûκεů
һȻԼ⣬û취ÿһ˵ĶģܲϸҪȥҪÿһ˰ɡ
Ҫɵģֻ֪øָķʽȥҪǺͻʲô
ϰ廰Ҳô˵ÿһ˶ߵλõģųɹΪһпʧܡ
h飬ҲʮֵķУرЩڼˡ
֪˵ĳɹֻ֪Լ£˲˽ġ
ˣȥɣʣµţҲסǧҪȻʱҿɲŹ㡣
һЦЦ֮Ҳ޵ɣһҲûа취ټ׷ȥ
ﲻͣ׷󣬻취һƲݸ壬ʱʵȥˡ
Щֻ᳭ϮҲעᾭʧܣҲǳһ԰ɡ
ֻһ㳭Ϯˣ൱ڸԼ·ϴһӣӲôȥŬҲϴɾ
̰غڻص˾ҲѸٵĴЩ飬ҹ˾ϾŸոպϲźܶ˲ġ
ڣ̰غλϿЩ½ԱĪһЩů
زҲԼһһģȻķ
һЩԱҲҪϸҪȥжԴֻſʶ˾й˾Ĺƶȣֻſϸɼ
ǽոҵĹ˾֮УҲϣպǿԳΪһˣòҪÿһҶһΣһġ
̰غҲ֪ڵһ˵飬ȷһЩͻʵ
һҹ˾֮жûа취ϸɼôͲʺҵڹ
Ҳ֪е֮ǰҵģҲǵжԹϵڼȻѾϲҹ˾ôе˾һˣһ֮ӦûﻥŶԡ
̰غտٵĽŹͨΪľǿЩᵽҵů
˵Ҳȷûô˾ۼͬһҹ˾֮УһԵ֡
֮׵Ե֣ȻҪúõϧһ²ŶԣϾҲġ
ҵĹ˾֮УֻҪڣͿԻþ޶нˮְнһ£Ҫľǿ㾿ܹһء
ٵؽŸ֪̰غ˵ÿһ仰Լĵ
ְнÿһ˶飬һЩ˾֮УЩ졣
ΪЩϰԼеȨȥԼ£˾֮УʱռһЩĵλ
ЩвŻأֻܵûһĶʼһЩб
ܣȻҹ˾Ѿϲˣô˵һˣҲϣܹõǹ˾Աء
˾ĴҲֱվԣ˵ҲȷԱĵ⡣
ϾһʼڵжԵ״̬Ϊͬ£ȻܵһЩż
ż֮棬ôԸǵݹȥѰ;
һҽԸһŵҵĹ˾֮ܵŽ⣬£ҿԿԱҲǵǸϣκ˶Ҫһͷ
ӻԾԣ̰غҲǻϲĵ˵ͷϾĵľЩ˲˵
ܣȻô˵ЩҲκ˶ûа취ıģȻŵЩ鶼ᷢһһķأڻ̵£ܾί
⣬Ҫһŷɥϰ徿ܹ͵ʲôʱ
ˣǹ̵ģôǿԸ㣬˾Բ鷢ȻѾϲˣǾһȻڻ˺⣬ΪԼĶͷ˾Ѳ֮ǰĹ˾ҲҪһǶû𣿡




472 
 

һôͰƲֽƺˣôϵʱ򽫲ֽٵһȻȨ롣
ĻǲһЩͻһָô죿ʱνŽأ
һʱ֮ﲻԾһЩᣬȴּͼֽģһƷ츳޷ġ
ɼأעûκαػסԼƲƷ
˴ƵȦ֮ҲעҪϮģȻĻһЩõˡ
hסе˶ճ뿪˾㻹Ҫ׼ʱǺðǸʡõʱһûκε֤ݣûа취ȥơ
һҲһΪˣֻϧԸЩƱϡ
ϲ͵飬ȴû뵽ԼҲһļϸ
ܣû뵽㾹ȻҲһ죬ԭΪһֱһĴڣȴû뵽һƲߣûа취Ӧԡ
hҲ̲סһп۵Ҳ͡
֮ǰһֱΪһøָļƲߣڿԼһж̫ˡ
Щ˴޶ۣǲԸ⽫Щ뷨˵ϣֻΪһЩ档
ڲ˵Щʱ򣬵֮ǰǸϸҳʱҲܹһЩȻȥܻһЩص¹ʡ
һһƱȽϽˣҲΪ˲ŲԼƷκε⡣
ϮƷ⡣
ϰûǸȥϸô죬ʱ򼴱һЩ֤ݣҲûа취ȥһհ
СоżƲߣأҲڲͣĽֻ̽ϧ˵Сûа취ȫ
ŮӾԼλϣźʵķȴҲ֪ӦӦ
Ͼƽڹ֮кһÿһԱҲǼõģκεΪ֮١
ΪʱУһٺԶһЩ飬Ʋرȴʮֵ
ҪȥЩ飬ֻҪǵĿܹﵽͿԣֻҪܹĻץеͿӭж⡣
һٵĽŻӦȴҲⲻͣĽŹ۲졣
һ˵йۿĻôһڰнŹ۲졣
ΪҪжһҪе·Ψһ۲˾ֻ
ǸôһЩѰˣϾ˴˶Ѿȹôʱ䣬Ҳǻٽ
һ࣬ʼֻһֱһƮ״̬Ҹոڴ̵ʱָҲʼһЩңԾΪ˼ɵġ
һٵĽŷÿһ仰Ҳǵõ
ʼ빤ҵģҲһԱԪϼĴڣΪŲȷ١
ǶԹûи飬ôƽʱĹҲһγ̶ȵģԼţĿ
hҲһЩԥƺǲ顣
ɻعͷһ۲ʱȻľ
ôҪǴҶһһÿһ˶׳˲˵Ҳ֮ء
Ȼ飬ҲϣҵоΪ
Ҳϣ鲢һһ׮鶼ԱʾǶԷģҰȻҲѣǲҲѾصĸԤҵģΪһ׵ԭ±˴𣿡
һ˿Ҳʮһˣɫhȷʵһ̬ȡ
ˣ˿ҲᱣһݵɣϾԼںĶܵӰ졣
ϰ壬ϣܷʲô飬Ҷƽúõ̸һ̸ô£ģҲȥΪУΨһϣľǸԭί
hٵĴӦҲûĥߴ
һ˵ĵȷûһΣͻеڶ˷ȥҲֻ˵Ѫ֮
ģҲΪκˣҲֻҪ֪ô£Ҷһôʱ䣬ڳ⣬һЩϺҪɣ
һҲǽȻԸ⿴ԼĽóκ⡣
οҶһôʱ䣬Ҫʲôıƿ϶Ѿ¶ˡ
ϣеԱѾ½½°࣬ռƻҲװʲô鶼ûеӣٵ뿪˹˾
һֱڲͣĽԥΪľǿӣðԼɡ
ۿȥſʼʵʩԼļƻǽ˾ĵբƻ




473 ذ
 

һƬ£ЩȻᷢκεЧ
һҪһ飬С͵˭ҲκεĿܡ
ŵ˺һİ칫ңϵһƬҲӦ硣
ѾȡƸ壬ô˵е׼ѾȫȻôͻأ
ƸֱߵϣҪĻֱþͿԣα͵͵أҶͬ¡
ڰ֮һΪϤҲǸڲͣŵӰͣ١
ԭ֪ˣ޷죬ô֪ġ
ͣˣڲͣĶҲϣƺЩ⡣
˵һ̿ʼûκκڵء
Һͫh̸ʱѾ¶ţѵ֪Լ˿µʱϢҲһҪעһЩ𣿡
䣬˾ȼǷݹ
hǸϵӰ۾ҲʼһЩɬ
ǧַʽȴûһô͵ˡ
࣬ǺαأҶһɳģ˺ҵʲôô
hĵĽŹȰû뵽ЩڶԷĶȴ˳Ц
˵ĵڹ˾ְλֻϰһ㣬㵱ȻԼʲôɵĵطһֱŹģأһССԱ
ٵ˵Ҳ˷УǾдŲƽ
hԳΪ飬Ϊȴֻһֱͼλá
һⷬȴҲûйĽиԤһЩ˽˵ĳԹɡ
Щ˾ȥƫƫߵλãҲֻǱˣԼԵһЩЦˡ
͹λǳȵģΪܹԽhҲҵλã𣿡
һҲѻ˵ôΪ֮ƣֻİ취
һȽϸҵˣҲΪŻٵ鷳
ԶԼߵλãƫƫޡ
˵Ҳ𣿫hѧߣʲôرŵ㣿
ﲻĽűԹ֮Ҳʮֵʹࡣ
ÿһο˸߸ϵģٿһԼλã;ʮֲƽ
hѧϿ׵ѹ㣬ͬʱڹҲԣԷһΪ˾ȥڼͥϾѾķ̫ʱ䣬Ĳࡣ
һ˿Ҳ΢һЩŭ˵ʱȾΪʲô
ڹ˾֮ÿһ˶ҪӵиߵλãⲢܹǸλá
û㹻ưԣֱǳ˵Ρ
࣬ʵһֱ㣬ֻϧڵλøʺ㣬ùһЩ㲻Ҫǣ֮ǲģﻹкӣ㲻ĹҪ˸һЩ𣿫hÿ¶ύԼĹóһַָ㣬ΪľǷֹһЩͻ״Щ㶼֪
һǲ˵ģϾ˶ģЩҲò˵ȻʱͻŪĹ֮гָָ⡣
ڻ⣬ȴǷ˵ҲʼһЩӲƺǲ顣
ƭ˵ģ˭ԸԼĹóָˣֱǳ˵ΣԼĹԼвΪõġ
֪ⷬģҲԸȥһУֻΪļ֡
Ըе˺Լ˵
鶼ѾˣֻҪȫ֤ݣЩҿԲ׷Ǵӽ㲻ټҵĹ֮УΪҹҾԲԱ
ֱһҲԸټȥԱֹЭ˹ȥ
̫ʴȣŻԼĹǷ˵飬ĳƲƷΪҪ⡣
ҲֻԼɷһǿͻָô죿
ϰҪٸԷһλɣϾһˣôʱ˴֮ҲһЩ顣
hǲ鶼չز
һԼѴȻҲˡ
˿ҲѾɵۣƺû뵽ᷢչز
֮ǰһֱܸ߰ΪԼǲһĴڣֱڲʶڹ֮УԼҲֻͼĴڰˡ
Ը뿪ңһε飬ȫһΪͱûйϵǸƷҲ
ཫе̶ΪľǲӰı
֮Ҫľǹƽеʱƽû֮еô򵥡
ÿһ˶ȨЩĽѡ




474 Ʋ
 

Ҳʵǿȥˣͦ
ǿֹΪ˵ϰߣϰͿʼպ˺ϰƽƽλãҪλ
񣬴ҶһˣαأҲòҲգǲҲǿûʲôɢᡣ
̰غҲټĥߴȥеҲʿɶֹһζĵȥҲֻöԷôߡ
ԼĿĺ;ϣȻöԷռ˷ͷ
һıΣãã˺֮б˶ˣֲֻһˡ
һɢÿһ˵Ҳʯͷ˵ء
ϰ岢ûд֮е飬û̵ֻ뷨
칫ڣ̰غվԼλϣķŪļûκεŭ
ϰ壬ոΪʲôأΪҪǨǣֻһȺȺ֮ѣǵϰǹ˾
ܹһЩǿѾΪ˱˵Աȴƫƫǰϰĺá
㲻ϷŻԽԽȤֻ֤ǶϰĹʱǴһԹ˾ҲһΪ
̰غͷҲ̧ĽŻӦ˿ûΪκβõ
ǰͷˣڲͬ
һ̻̫Ķ
еʱԱӦ㹻ĲŶԣȻô㣬Ҳ𽥵ʧȥġ
ı˺һʼһˣǰʱѾƢˣܹ͵ˣȷһЩ仯
ܿٵǰͻȻһЩ¶
ԭڲ֪֮Уе˶ڷŸı䡣
ǻģһɲֻɵӣοһһߵ죬Ҳ̫Ķˣô
ͻȻ̰غҲ˽ѯʣûмǴĻ׼¡
ˣҹķ緶ʳ޲ÿһٶǹ̶ģЩʽ׷һӪһȤûУû취үӾǱңҲӦȥܱܷͷˡ
飬;ûһڲͣĽơ
һŮÿﻹ취ȥԼıøⲻ
ѾˣΪʲôҪԼŪɰ׹Ƿһأ
ǲͦõúүӵԸүһӾϲִҹķ緶Ȣ˼Լ߶һ㡣
̰غյҲûκεķ෴ͦãٴҹ㲻ܸʲô鶼һڲأκεҲ˵
ȻͲõÿԻһﲻͣ߶
ɱˣŻһĹ㣬Ը𣿡
ܵҲԿٵһԱ¼
˭֪һǼֱǳ޿ħ
ԣΪһЩǣΪ
˵ҵκ˶ûа취ģǴҹҲˣҲǺϲӡ
̰غսеʵٵ˵˳˿ûη˵Ĵ㡣
ֶʲʺԼҲֻԼ֪ˡ
ĲʺϣôϣҲκεĽ
ˣҿɲ˵ˣĳ޿ħǼֱûа취֮ǰ˵Լᱻеңһжˡ
ôһ仰ҲѸٵȥٹĽͣ
ҲһҪ취һԼϲŮӣȵǸʱ췹үҪǿûˡ
һڹ֮УеƲݸƺãҲ˳Ĵ㣬мϸôͰϢųȥԼƺƷ
ǸϸأҲԲ鷢һ͵ͼ
ߵǸʱͿԿһ˭죬Ȼҳ
hҿһͼֽûʲôĻµĲƷǾ
һٵ߳Լİ칫ң˵ţȷ˶˺صԼλ
Ҳ¼κˣû취鶼ѾˣǾһҪó׼
hⷬҲ΢һЩԥ֪ǺãΪβ֪Ǻпܻмϸ£Ὣ˷ų
ѲҪҳǸ˾ˣ
Ļô컹һҪó׼ſԣȻԷ˾һЩˡ
ϰҿˣͼȷôɣʱһյʤ
hûţΪľǿĸԶһҳҵ˵ʱһҪúõĽһͷǡ
ԼСһŮˣȴԾз˫ۡ




475 ײ
 

֪Լ츳ϲûкһô߼ҲԳ²ߡ
ĹʣھͿ뿪ңͬʱһµĹʣ֮нˮȥĹϣԺҪټÿһ˶Լı죬Ҫһۺȥۣʵ㲻һȵùˡ
һʵ˵ţҲûκγ˼
˵ĵȷʵʱڹϺ裬Ըȥʱ˼ÿһҲֻͼλá
ˣĴССĴгеģټȥҲһЩҪš
hôлл֮ǰҵİ
ԥŻߵ˫hǰôʱһֱԵ±ԹûпǹԼһˡ
һ㣬ͲˣҲҪɵˡ
h˵˵ۿȴһЩɬϾһôʱˣ˴֮ĻһЩġ
һЩ²ҪֻҪܹʶԼĴͺˡ
鶼Ѿˣûа취׽ŤתģҲ֪ԼˣٺƤȥҲˡ
ٵĽŻӦȴ¶ȻЦݣһʼͲӦýԼ̫ڸС
࣬һʺĹܹҲȥһĵģʵһ涼ܺãֻϧеĶϣڹûκεС
һͬһרһе˸ȫ档
˵ĵȷûһĲɶãڼͥڹϰεͷǼѵġ
֪ˣʲôҪҰæĵط˵޷
ӦҲֱȥ֮䶼졣
еʱ򣬵һʱܻᱻЩǣ޷
ɵܱòʱŻᷢǰδеɣΪвڳء
hеĶ׼һ°ɣǷƲֽ취һҵҪһƱһ죬Щ˻ֵܹʲôʱ򡣡
һ˵ţҲԾذ˼֡
һϾɱˣеûа취׵Ľ͡
Ʒһʦģ׵ĵȡ˺˱˵ʲôأ
һʵұȽģǰѶϣʲô鶼ȫӣȴûпǹԼ
hٵҲ̲סһָп
һôʱ䣬˴֮ȻһЩ档
еʱҲܵһЩǮĽá
鶼ѾȥˣͲҪЩ飬ҪľǸϽ취ƲֽգƵ·յƸȫҵ׼ͱҪóһݲֽЩϸڵⲻ׷ֵġ
̲ƵʱȻǿǵ·⣬ֻûƵϸڳնɰܵԭ
ʱ䲻ˣһȥɣ򵥵ĴкҲԵĻص˸ԵļС
̰غһֱڿڲͣĽŵȺʱʱ󴦵
Ѿô˻ûлǲǣʲô飿˵ţвһЩǣԼԶ޵Ļߵȴ
ҪٿˣǸһ㿴ˣⲻͻ𣿡
һһſľģжʱͱڿࡣ
ôڲŻ֪֪жൣģһʲôô졣
̰غտٵĴǰȥһѯʣҲڲͣĽŴ
Ů˿ȥܺõӣѲʲôϲ·
ɼʲôĺ£ҲӦôؼѽ·Ϻģһ˻˸ô죿
̰غвͣţԼûʶԼھһϸһ
ˣҶˣͲҪټ߶ˣĺһ̫š
һЦӯӯ˵ţ۾ͬһ
ѽĻպһҪСһΪȻʱҵСҪˡ
̰غһ˵һװһίͰ͵ӣǽ˱ֱȥ˷С
ڶѾˣÿﲻͣıæµĺˣǧҪ
̰غգ칤﷢һ飬һҽΪε˳ң˵ƽʱǲĺųѽ
סĲһίĻѿڶҲĻС
ոڹΪϰ壬ֻӲͷƤе鴦ɣڻص˼УԼˣί˲ͷ




476 ֳ
 

ʲôأҵԶģ²⣬еʱÿһһ飬ΪȲѵԭ򣬾ԲΪЩԭȥһˡ
̰غؽŰΪľǷֹΪܡ
һеʱһЩȽϾᣬҲΪûа취ȥд
ɲôҶһˣôʱ鲢ǺܺðɣʱΪʲôͲһ룬ǴҵĴأ
һЩ飬ﻹһЩüͷ΢΢ƺڽԹޡ
ģеⶼӭж⣬ǧҪΪЩżҪľϽ취һԼ飬ҪﻹǵĶ
̰غһֱڽŰŻеСŮˣһƣҲһɨ⡣
ڽλϣȻ̫⣬Ҳġ
еʱһЩѵĿԣЩأͳΪ˱ѵĹߡ
һҲΪĴϰ壬ʱһᱻЩŪʧȥǣǵ1η飬Ҿ;ԼѾܲȥˡ
һ˵ţǻ֮УҲĪһЩġ
İɣ鶼һһȥģҲҪЩˣԷ˲ҪȥһЩԡ
ЩݵĲ̰غղһЩۡ
ˣԣһҲֻúõϢһ£ڸҺúõĳϴһӰɣ
һȻƣ˴ǻ֮УҲƬ̵Ϣ
̰ⷬغղԾһڿˮ¹ȴִһ˿˿ζ
Ůǰ˼һƷǰȴܽдӼֱǹʹ
ţȻһʵˣһʿķ𣿡
̰غտٵĽ˱ԡң򵥵ĽһҲΪͣĲź󱳡
ԡ֮УǷůҲǻ˯Ȼ޷˵Ƿ
ϹҺллҵԣΪ㣬ʼԽԽãΪ㣬Ҳ𽥵Ŀ˷־塣
һƺ˯ȴҲһѵĸл
̰غЩԾЦˣЦ֮Ҳ̲˲ٵҸ
ȻϷˣеʱЩ黰ǲԾ졣
СⱲϣĸԸ
ǹĶͷһǣ̰غվúҲ˷ŵ˴ϣظ˱ӡ
Լǿٵĳһˮ裬׼
ϡе˶˯֮УôҸ
ڶ죬һҲǵһʱȥ˹ңЩԱأҲ֪뿪ҵϢ
˵ΪʲôͻȻ뿪ѽǲҵ˸õĹǲӦѽϾѾôʱˣͻȻ뿪Ļ϶һЩ᲻ðɡ
ǼһЩɣҲ֪һЩҪ϶ǳúõĻؼϢˡ
ѽϰʱ䲻ҪȥЩˣҲûκιϵֻҪĴͷϵĹͿԡ
һһﲻ̸ͣЩ飬ȴҲû˶ϵг̡
hϰĵһʱֱȥ˺һİ칫ңľﴦļ
е鶼ѾźˣЩ֤ҲѾڱչ˲䣬ǺҪʼˣĻü𡣡
hҲǲźһʵֻϧʱҴææģóȻһЩʡ
ģеҶѾźˣԲκε⣬ʱֳһжĹ켣һⰲ˵ʱһϷ
һٵĽŸ֪ΪľǵʱϵܹĬһЩ
һԵĴԷͬСɣԲټ䷢չȥ
һγɹˣôһξͻֶͬȥǱ˻ˮ㡣
á
һƱҲʽС
ڳƷҲͶƱѡٷʽյʱ̡
ӭμӵһƱͨⳡλҲʶ˸ָԽƷȻЩƷҲһαĲƷơ
ǼĻ˲͵еڳĹڶʼһЩ
һڵƹҫ£ֱ̨ǰ
ԵģشŵƵ·
ŸλҲѾˣԱߵλʦģأЩģϴŵľƵ·ѿȷǽΪƷҲ˲ͻعؿǽһڡ




477 
 

˼Ļһֱ˵ţЩĻҲ˵Ծĵ
ڳĹͶƱһһƱϣʱʤһΪǽһԼƷ
˻ĽǵͶƱҲʽʼ
վ̨ϣĹںһϴŵЦݡ
֮£ЦԵһЩ١
ãһͶƱʮƱһʮƱ
˵ţȴ΢΢ͣһ£Ҳ֪һһƱһεͶ˳̰غա
ҵŮǵĻô
ҵƱһ
̰غɫȻ˿ûбӰ졣
ԭĵ˲ͱ˾ȣû뵽˻ὫƱͶһ
ƾʲôⲻƽΪҵƷΪһЩֻΪ˵Ĺϵ˽𣿡
Ľкţ˿ûκεòԣ˿;һø
ƳƷһͶƱ㣬еʱ˲֪ǼĪΪ·˭ƵģΪģҪѺöԼͷϡ
̰غһٵĽŻӦ˿ûκεԡ
һŴʲôʸ
ȻѾ׼Ա˵Ĵ⣬ôӦðѶһ޸ģĶľֱǫ̃ϣⲻ˳Ц
ʲô˼ɫͻȻ԰˲٣ҲԾĺ˼
ܣеļƻ޷죬ᱻκ˲һһۡ
֤˶ɣҵЩƲֽҲһҪóһֻۻԱ඼̨
ҿ֤ȷǺһСƷˣλС㻹һƷǣǽ
ۻԱٵָ֤Ҳ޵ݡ
Ҫֱֳ֪һе¶֤ԺҲûа취ƵȦڽε
ǺһҵԱҲСͼֽеת˽Խ֤
ڽյϢ֮ҲѸٵֳںһȻĻӦðЩϾԭ
̨һһôķ̣ڶҲ˾һЩֲ̿
վԭأ˵ӶʼޱȽӲ
˾ˣαôٵҵְҵأ䣬ڻһЩˡ
װһ涵ӣͳ
黹û£ҵƲֽȫԿóһģһЩϸڴȷʵһЩģ·ΪɷƵģҲǵĹһЩﱸ
һõ˲ĻңҲһչʾвһĵطһա
ǼƷҲڴĻչʾ·ŴʮԽ
ǿԿЩϸڣ˵ƷȻͼֽһģһϸڴȴкܴĲ죬ҸǷŴһ 
һϸڷŴ󣬹ȻһЩ
Ʒϸںͺһͼֽȫͬ
ԳƷʦȴЩƾԽ
Ҹһ£ڿӴҶ˼ȦȦΪľǷֹӵڴҲʹһЩĲϣΪľǷֹĦʱһЩ𣬲ˣ·ĲҲԼϳɵģûκģ鷳Сʾһ·ĲϣҪһģһġ
һһ˵ţһ߰Ѳ˳ѿȷͬһ·üģȱҲȷ·ĴС
Ǹ·ҵףһһǵһҵһڳ̰غյϡ
һ˵оݣ˲ò˵ȷǳϮ
ĻĻ˲лľ˽׵Ļ棬ļ¼
û뵽мأҸ㣬ѾڵͣװһأΪľǷֹʱԼĳͣ
е֤˲ͽƵ˷˿ڣ̨أҲá
벻Ȼ˳Ϯ˵ƷҲκε޸ġ
ǳϮҲˣƵ˽бƴĲӦƵȦڡ
һһáҲѾǹ֮ǰֻ
֪Լ뿪ֳģֻ֪뿪ʱ򣬶Ծڡ
ȻĻƴӦӦùһУˣ췽һ׼˫ݵĽƷС㣬ϾƷġ
ٳӦǳǿһ仰ͽе鳹׸ǹ




478 
 

Լе˫ݽƷһͻȻⳡû֮еô⡣
ǱˣǲҲΪȦӳȥˣȻ˵ܻкܶ࣬ҲѾһ
ԼڼУԵҲѾ׷ȥ
һʱ֮ԭ˲û䣬ϸָĺڷҲ֮
ڼҲ֪˶ãֻΪⳡ粨ƽϢɲ֪ΪξûֹһһֱڲͣĽš
ֱһеͻȻ죬һ˾˽׵ĸı
ҪܺһôΨһİ취ǺҺΪֻſԱ𡣡
ŮɳϣǸ߹ģҲ˲С
㵽˭ΪʲôҪҺΪʲôҪأ
Ϊ֮ǰҲʮֵľ裬κ˶κε뷨
ټȥµʱ򻹻ᱻһϾѾǽˡ
ֻҪ֪ҺվͬһսߵľͿԣҾ˭ûʸȥйʣǳϮҲӦýһ޸ģĶģĴҲҪ
ŮǸ߹ӣһʺ
ֳֻǳĬı˫ۣԸȥǰŮˣȴû°һʹ
Ҹ㣬ټųȥֻÿһָܵáȵǸʱҲˣȻûа취³Ϊʦȴа취ͺһվͬһ߶
òϵǣŮȷջ
ԭķͻȻ˳ӡ
а취˵Ҳܴҵأ
ѯţ˵֮ݡ
ǸŮˣôǽ壬ôܱԼģ
ôΣֻһǿĿɽ
һܹչǸɽûκιȥŰɣ
ûκιϵҪľǸŮˣǿ뿪̰غգˣֶκûκιһṩһЩ
Ůֻʼ磬ЩҲ⣬ܴܲҵҲû̫Ĺ
ҪĴʼգǸˡ
ǰŮˣ֮ҲԾļдЩ̽⵽ʲôΪ֪
̰غôһˣǽˣҲɱš
ˣΪ˳ܣ㲻Ҫ˼˶ѾˣҸǳãĲ㣬µҲٲ
˺ĹϵҲĵĽѣϾ˭ϣԼĶٲ
ŮֻǲڵЦЦЩһ㶼ûзϡ
ҪĶûУòʱ򣬼ǽôҪֻ֮͸Ҵ棬ڸ£ȫ޻̸֮
ķǵĽۣŮҲѸٵԼķʽȥ
סһı֮УҲܻʼҵĴ
С㣬ӽļҵǧ𣬵ȵǸʱͿԹʶĿ㲻ҪһжǼٵģֻҪȥԸöԸˡ
Ůһ˵һ߽ɨӣòϵӵȷܺá
ֻϧҲΪĹߣûϵӻкܶࡣ
诣ԵĻϣ˵һκ죬ҲϣΨһһΣȻʱҿɲٸκλᡣ
˳˵ţֻԼĻϸʼֵĽԾ
ǰûñ˿ֵһ飬ɷᵽ֮ЩҲֻһССİѱ
ڰнŲٿأ֮ĹϵԽԽֻ֣û뵽ǸһҲãôѾԼ˽ȥ
ûϵܹԽԽģ˭֪徿ܹµһأ
С㣬ҿóһǮˣΪλҪִԲأʲôôҪ㹻Ǯֺ˵
֪Լݱ΢ɿԼĶˣǾһЩ̹
ⷬҲֻ΢΢ЦţֻЦȴ޾ĳֲòɹһҰĶûС
֪֪Ĵ֮УֻΪҪģֶȫ̵棬ûҰģעʧܣȵǸʱŻʶԼжôҫۡ
ڲǰŵĺſȣƷζֿɬȴһжۡ
ֻҪҵķԸȥںһǸŮȥУԸ㱳Ҳκôסҵɣǵ˽˶Թպȥͨ




479 Ŵͽ
 

ʵĲףΪʲôôԸڳܵϺķʱأ֪ûпܡ
̲סѯʣ֮иҲǺ棬б£Σ
ƨĺûнİ飬ҪӲǿԼĻҸ
ļ˵˴˴Ҫģڸȫ֮Ժ󣬺һᵽĸоˡ诲ĽŻӦ˿ûΪоκεĿֻš
ҪľǽԷԼļߵĸȫ档
̰غȻڸȽרһǲκ⡣
֪ҵĻ˵ûãϣܵʲôʱܹҸ
ȻδԼĿĲֶΣҲԸ˺Լˡ
ֻⷬԳһЦȴҲû˵Щʲô
ͷһȥֻĹģҪ
ʱлңһʵҰһЩæ
˵仰Ҳֱȥ˿ûκҪͣ뷨
Ϊ˽˸˼ΪһЩɵ˶ӰȨ档
ԼĶ뿪ȴһЩζڴ֮δһ¡
ɲԼҲ˱Ļᡣ
һҾԲȥȡʤһֱȥ
˵¹⣬ҲǸӵķŭ
һֱǸŮͲƾʲôһԲ˵
ŶԺһ壬ⲻƽ
̰غҲΪǸŮ˷һУʲôõģѲɾΪһЩ츳
еļҲڲͣĽ֮еĺҲ˾ÿ¡
еʱʳͷԣʲô鶼ʼȥ
һڻصҺҲϢȴ֪ΪʲôܾʲôҪ
ڶ죬̰غΪ˾ҪݲݵıѾ뿪
һһ¥Ϳ˲֮͡
ʲô𣿻˵Ҫдһ£ֻ˵ҵͼֽ
¥ֱǸɳһǲκױ۵Ҳ
ҽһҪ㣬Щ鲢ͿԽģ͵Ƹ壬պҵϼȥڿΪһҵҶ˽˷װ
˵ţֺζ˶˷С
һҲǮɣȻûа취ܾ
˵Ǿǹ˿Ͳ֪λ˿ʲôҪأֻҪʽλˣҸƵ·ȻǶһ޶ġ
һҲ֮ǰЩԹʦҵ׬Ǯڸ˭ôǶӦðտͻҪ¡
ôҲû뵽Ů˵̬ȻǫͣѾ׼е¼ļʱ˿һǼĿ
һﲻԸĻͲҪټװȥˣԼװܣҿҲе˵
ԭѭ򽥽ɱϾԼĵˣҲֲȥ
һⷬŪһͷˮ֪νŻӦ֪˵Щʲô
ʦ·ֿʼѲǵ񾭲
λ˿鷳˵ʱעһЩҸ·ûκ⣬һ̬ȺͿǸ˵ҿһЩܲˡ
һʵ˵ţɱǫͣϾԷʲô˼˭֪ȻҪעһЩ˵㲻֪Ľ䣬Ѿһ¼
ҾǿƾʲôʦȴԲ˵ΪһõɷŰɣôҸ㣬粢ûô򵥡
ôһ仰Ҳֱȥ˿ûע⵽Էǿɵӵ顣
еıķһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻã˴Ȼ֪ð˭
ڴҲûҲûǸøһŮ˾ȥǷ˵ս̫ǿĻǶԷʵ̫ڴ
һһԺ֮бըñķʼһЩΡ
׼һͰɣһЩˣһỹҪȥأ˾ȥһҲ̲סҡҡͷΪһϷû뵽ԷͲסԼġ
ˣүߵʱûг緹أˣҪȻһȥɡ
ķ˵ţȴҲһЩȷϾ˺үĸȷܺãҪ飬»һЩΪѰɡ




480 ĳͷ
 

ûԷֱȥˣ˵ĻҲûзȻĻҲһҪһѵС
˵ţһҲٵĵ˵ͷֱӻص任һ·
ȻԷ˵Ļȥôһֶκˡ
ͬˣķҲٵĽеĶװ뵽֮УȻҲʶȤװݡ
ȴû뵽һӳ߳ľǴļķˡ
һ˿̴һ˫ɫĸ߸ЬɫСȹϣɫҲԵԽİ𪣬ܷܷС˾һվͻὫŪˡ
Ǵ˵ͷҲ˾ԽСɡ
ֻʪǳǳױݾͿԿóȷӣԲļҲԿóȷá
˽ΪδƯʲôҪμ𣿡
΢΢ͷķҲ̲סѯʣз˶ÿһӶ˶ܺãһ
ǸүһѵȻʱԶǵҽ˵Ļ
һٵĽ˻ӦҲֱӿųȥĨضȹҲԿóȷǼ۸񲻷ơ
Ȼһ﹫˾¥£ǰ̨Ƶ۹󣬺һҲٵҡ
鷳ǳһ˵ķˣӭӡ
һҲ⣬ֱ˵˳ȻҲвٵԱڴ˿̶½½ϰ࣬ôӰסߡ
⵽˭ѽôƯĸ𣿡
˭֪أпǺɣҪôƯһˣôҼÿ쵱ţҲĸԸ
ɫôףֱ˼еļƷպŮҲһҪΪ׼ˡ
еߴߴ˵ͣҲںһϲͣĽŴ
ǰ̨Ȼⷬʲô˼ʶȤĽ˸֪ȴû뵽һӺܲôҴææ
ˣôˣ̰غռЩ̰ĿҲٵĽӵ뵽ԼĻУǽΪϡ
Сһʲô£
Ҫǲô֪ǳÿﶼæͣ˵Ļǰɣ
һźһһ˵ţҲв˾߳˿ȥȴڽյܲõ˲ջԼߡ
һ߽ݣ̰غձٵĽݵŹϣ˵Ҳɢź
ôƯҵĹ˾Ҫ˵ע𣿻˵սң
ֱֱۺ͵֮䣬̰غոǷҲԽ̰
һҲָܷܷ°ϣĽŰ棬Ǹոչ˵ĺӡ
û˧أòҽúõĳһ£ֻ˵һѧһЩ졣
ֱӽ˵ľ˲٣ľҲ˴˵Ǿȵĺ
ֻϧõܲڴ˿ѾʧǣǺҲ쳣١
ʶľҪ˵ľøȴû뵽һƿ
һ˵ݣ˿ûаǸ˷ϡ
һЩѵպԶǵðʱ飬ʱŪָô죿
һšôһ仰Ҳٵ׷˰칫ңһѾͽ˱뵽ڷ֮С
ҵҪһ쵽Ҫʲô㻹ӹ̫ˣûкúõһɷ
̰غ˵꣬ҲֱϣȹҲǴĽű¶
һҲ⣬ֻȻס
Ϲ˼ĺأֻϧжʲôҲǹԹԵ˷ǵһξ棬һҿɲұ֤ԼǲǶ̿㣬Ҳ֪һЩ¶װ
һͣĽҫҲ֪Էκ顣
Сʱ󣬺һڰ칫ǰԷҲԽ
ôҲû뵽˾Ȼᱰɵ̶ȡ
ôǸʲôѲҪ𣿵ڿûôʱ䣬ϾҲһҪϧУٸҴĶȹһξͲСʱôˡ
̰غնݺݵĽž棬Ҳɵз
ֻԹԵĳ緹ôԼ֪Լ岻һһʲôëô죬ȵǸʱͲˡ
һҲûĵطٵ˵ţֱоɭ֮󣬲ʶԼ˵ʲô
㻹ҪҽһƣҾԲƣˣϾﻹҵĺӡ
̰غǿסҪ֤Լʵ뷨ҲٵļһηŵС
һ˾ֱӴ·һҪñһ㣬ʱʱȣӦô㣬Ŷԡ
ٵĽŸ֪ҲһƲߣҲӦðЩȹʲôĸϽˣȻʱԼҲһΣС




481 Ϊ
 

ˣ컹һֵ飬ǵǸϮƵ˰ɣ쾹Ȼ˼УҸ·ûֵκεĺôѾŭȥ
һǲԼɷ˵ģһ뵽֪Լ̹״ӿˡ
̰غⷬҲ΢һЩǣǸŮ˵ʵôȥŪһЩ˽˶Ƶ·أѲɱ顣
СһЩȻʱֱƭˣ˾ӦܵһЩͷУڻܹң⣬Ǽֱǿˡ
ٵĽһһ뵽ϱԼ·˴ˣ;һЩ
칫ҵڴ˿̱죬һŮӿٵ˽
벻㾹ȻôõʣڻԷ㲻Ҫ֮Ĺϵ
ֱɳϣ˿ûκԾʶ
һҲ⣬ֻĿһ˱ڳеķ
һŮ˶ѣҲĽдûбҪ⡣
˶ѾôʱˣȥƽЩ⣬Ǽֱûˡ
鷳СһʱţһҪǰԤԼûйϵͲҪĽдȻʱһΪ޼ҵ˶ϲ˵ķȥһЩøɵ¶
̰غΪһˣӦǰƷʷӵãرϱǰ
ֶᵹҲ⣬ԽԽȤˡ
λС㣬ѵûзĿмûֻҵһֻ˵ʼֻһߡ
课Ҫһ˵ĹϵȻҲΪǸ˳׵ı
еʱһЩƻӦڲ֪нС
̰غҲû뵽Ů˻ͻȻ˵ֲҪĻ
Ůʵκ˿ԱȵģһЩΣ˲һ۾
һͷ΢΢ЦţŮ˾һɵһ
Сǰɣ˵Ȼͬ£۾һӵˣĻǿɾˣǺҲֱǸ
һͽ˹Ǻ̰غҲʧȥĽű뵽ԼĻУͣĽų谮
Ϲ˵ʲôè˵˳ˣǿһֵ飬ѲǱ̬ˣ
һԼ°̲ͣס˵ţһ˼ӣҲ˲Ĵ
ԼпɰСŮˣ̰غֻԼĶߡ
ɲҪְèȣȻʱһĵģҧһڵʲôǾͲˣպٽӴĶһҪϽԼС
޶˾һһ˿ûиԷκεӡ
诱ҪúõĽйͨȴĻ÷ŭȥҲûлͷһۡ
ǰǿһ֮ĹϵΣû뵽Ȼ罺ᡣ
ۿ뿪޶»ָ
벻ϰһô࣬ԵĻǲǶԱһˣպҪȱ˵ĻЩһúõһ𡣡
˵ֱȥϵҲڲͣĽţȴҲǿƵõ
˳һ˿˿ʹ࣬һô᳤ܻԡ
ͻȻһƺߣ̰غ˵ҲʼԽĹ졣
һҲ˾ѾϰˣֻҪһôʱͿԽпơ
ٵĽ¿ӽ⿪һҲֱҧȥԼСĥ
̰غվݴݲУҲ֪˶ã˴Żָ
ֻϧ̰غջҪȥϴˮ衣
һβҪˣڶﻹкӣһһûסָô죬ҿɲϣ˺ԼĹ⡣
ǵĽ˱ڻУֻѹѾõ¶˳
˵ΪʲôôڲͣĽ׷󣬶ҾûأǲҵĻҲһҪһ·УʱܹͻҵܹһҸŮ崿С
һ΢һЩƣȴ˿˿ıԹϣԼ˱Ů˼裬Ļʱܱߡ
ǿɲУһӶҵˣҾ͹ѽǸŮҲֻһѣҲûʲô̫ӡˣ˭˵Щ㹻½˻Ҫһء
Ϊˣ˵ȻԷǷ
ɵҲ⣬ʱ޶˵ҪһȤУȻʱôֵܹıȤء
һʼҾͿóһͿʼŰģҾͲ㹫˾ʲô˶Խոһ¥кء




482 µĹ涨
 

ϵĽűԹŰ飬;һЩ̹
ܲ÷˴ڹ˾֮лҪһЩǸأһͿʼڳһ˵̬
ˣҪȥЩÿһ˵뷨ͬοҲһЩ顣
̰غտˣҲæһΪľǷֹʱһЩҪ鷳
˵ˣȥˣҲոȡһЩɾͣǲ֪һ᲻˶󡣡
΢΢ЦЦһתֱ뿪ûκԥ
еĿĶѾﵽˣôҲá
Ϊҵϰ壬ȻӦôԼĹȥ˵Ĺ˾ԼҲûκι
һ㣬һǰңȥӭ㡣
̰غտǸʧԼеӰҲ΢һЩᡣ
ӹ˾ҲӦùһЩȫµķˣȻʱŮӶӣô죿
һ˵ԾӣʱҲƻǷ޵С
һҵİ칫ңһЩҪȥٵĲͨ飬̰غҲﲻͣĽŵȴ
һֱ˽˶һʮס
ϰ壬ʲôļʲô⣿˵ʲôĵطˣ
ϰ鲻Ǻܺã˵ʱҲʮ־裬κεи
Ҫ֪ŭϰ壬ʱп붼ˣɲϣԼһ޼ҿɹˣڹ˾֮Уſɹ۵Ѿõˡ
ģӽеԱڹ˾봩ӣҸ֪еԱպ̰ĿȥŶԷôͿ뿪ˣǹĵطġ
̰غտٵĽԼ뷨˸֪ҲԸټ鵢ȥҹ˾ոպϲ϶һЩҪ
ǡȻ֪ϰ嵽ʲô˼黹Ǿ콫еϢ˳ȥֱǰ̨˵ܲõķ˳̫Ư˲ٵ˵ע⡣
һ뿪֮Ҳ»ص˹ңû뵽ȴһο
ѲҸ·ģҸƣôҪҪңҪ˵ôͲҪǷǡ
ֻǵĴŮ˵ɨһҲû˷̫ʱ䡣
Լеʱⶼ˷ػսϡ
ڱƴ֮˾ˣҪϮûһʵı챩¶ˣҲֻ˵ԼıĲǿҡ
ǿҵ·ĹҲ磬Ǿֻ֤һƷλûС
С˼˵Ѳڱ˾ͿȥܾһЩ˿𣿻˵պҪһ·죬ΪӴˡ
Ҳ⣬ֻǲͣŽڣй˵ߡ
ҪѺһƢӵ壬ʱһĽܴﵽһ
СˣҲ·ôҾûбҪ뵽ҵĹңȻҪƣôҾͻ㵱ɿһԴǶԴͬʱҲһҵְҵ
hдһ¿ˣҪ·ôеҪʱǺøеһļƻ
һҲټִȥֱԼȥӦԡ
£ټȥû㹻ȥйͨ
hŮ˵Ȼûκκøеģû취ڶԷΪһͻȻӦúúõĽд
С㣬鷳ʲôĻйͨϰ廹кܶҪȥæ
ֱӴңhҲѾ˳׼
û뵽Ƿ̬ȵͦãʲôʱ˵ǹ·ģҲֻһǵĹҶѡ
˵ֱ뿪˿ûκҪͣ˼
һҪǿһԷı죬ܹز
뿪֮ҲµĻصǸңľԼĶˣƷζŲˮ
û뵽ôͰͲסȥǸŮ˽һԿҸ㣬밴ҵķԸȥ취عںãʱһһ
说һ˼ϸˣһĴˣκ谭ģҪв
⵽ô£㲻Ҫõ̰غ캦ҿɲҴûҪȥ
ڵ˵ţҲʶһЩ㡣
һܱ˵İһӦ뵽ϲûа׳Ե͡
û취ѾչزҪȥоܾһЩѡ
Ҫĺܼ򵥣ôúһѣȵǸʱ򼴱㱳ҵ֮УѾΪ˲ܴˡ




483 Ʒ
 

˵ЦҲʼԽա
ҲŪӣû취ײľͳء
㲻ҪΣѵʱ򣬾ңеʱҪжҪȥ塣
ͻȻվɢѹҲԺԡ
ôһ˲ΪԼϾҪ뿪ˡ
ûпǹе˻ôǿأҲûа취׵ĺԡ
ֻҪԹԵİҵķԸȥʱе㶼ûκεĹϵ
ļ΢Ц뿪
Ҫ赶ɱˡ
һôΣѲһӶԱ
ܣС˵һһ̸һ̸ҹ˾ϲ֮顣
ţٵˣҲ˽Ż㱨
С㵽ʲôݣ˭ֻ֪кܶĲƲˣڰеĲٿһЩš
诣̰غüͷѯţȴҲȻ
֪ǸŮ˲ͣȴû뵽һֱڻڲͣڡ
ԣ֪ǰոոչǼҹ˾µһҡ
ٵĽ鱨˹ȥжҲһЩǡ
˵Ǽҹ˾ķѾץˣλСΪλƽ£
Щ鶼һЩرڰнŲٿأֲһʼʱܾһЩè塣
еļһһ̰غվȻ¶ڱصõЦ
һ԰ܵˣοһŮˣҹ˾һҲֻ˵ǿǿ֡
诵ͻȻ֣ԲͿԽģΨһĽ;ԼĿġ
ܣôȥμһε𣿡ѯҲһЩȷϾǰϰٲμ飬Ůӹ͡
ΪʲôȥʱҲһǮûлǮͲõġ
Щ飬ҲǸӵϲá
ΪԼӱҲһ£ʱҲԸǸŮһЩʹ졣
ĻôҾͺС˵һǰλӶá
סʱඩһλã˵һЩҪš
̰غյҲ⣬ֱӰԸȥѾóʱûкӺúõԼһˣһԷһ¡
ϲ˲ʹȴ޿κεӣΪĻʮ泩
뵽̰غҲٵĲͨŵĵ绰ΪľǷֹʱһæµǡ
һȥһٷɣͣʱǷ޶ҲһҪúõıһ²Уñ֪ǵļͥܺ˵ĸܺá
ϣͣĽҡΣ̰غֻԼĶѾɵ˾⡣
һУҲǸӵĻϲ
ͻȻҪԷѲʲôıֻ˵ҪҵǸ𣿡һűĵ绰ȻЦֻǿԼʱȴ糺졣
ȻӦúúõһҵţһЩɣʱòһʲôʲôһԺ˫һЩôء
˵˵֮ĶԻѾһζ
ϲСŮ˺ߵӣֻϧڶűĵ绰ûа취в鿴
벻պĳܾȻϰߣϵĻҹҽҾͿԡ
ҴҹҶϵ绰һֻոӵĻȣһŻڲͣĽȼա
ϰ壬ǸŮҲѾ뿪ˣҸоԷʲôıһȻΪʲôǵĹңҪ֪ˮݡ
hٵˣŻ㱨һЩġ
ȻһεѾˣô˵Ҳǵˡ
ʱӦ뷽跨ĴڼŶԣ˳ҡײУѲǺʲôˡ
ȲõЩˮڣҪľǸϽ취ǵĹټһЩµĲƷҴԼƷơ
һһ˵ţһóԼǰ׼õмƻ
Ѿ߻˺ܾãֻϧμӸʽıѾЩˣһԼƷƲҪ顣
hƻҲԾĵ˵ͷƷȻһ£м־ٵĳ
ҪԼţʱЩ·Ҳһ֣ԼƷƣҪԼĵ̣ĵطҪһҵ̣ҲҪѲٵǮ
ϰûҪһԼĵ̣ʱܻһЩλϵѡ񣬶ǮǿҲһǳѹء
h˶ʼ磬֪ǺãȻ㹻ʽ𣬵һЩʽҲܱ֤ȡյʤ




484 нݼ
 

˵ЩҲȽûǹҾӪôʱ䣬ûԼƷƣټȥȿгʱǵĴʮּѡ
һɵķţ˵ҲȷͷͷǵϾռȻͿȡյʤ
ϰ˵ĵȷûûЩȷǱȽϸӣһҪעľǵʽ⣬ǿһҵ̣ʱеƷҲҪȥһ֤Ȼʱ˭֪ǵƷ
hЩ֤Ʒ̣;һЩ鷳
ˣҪרЩרм仹ҪߺܶḶ́ʱҲҪķѲٵ
룬ʱпܷϮ顣
ɣеҴŶѾˣҴȥһǵʱҪõ̳۸ʽ㲻ҪģҪǣҿһĸ׵ˡ
һ΢΢ֻΪ˸ԷһЩġ
hڹڣֻϧеʱѶϣûа취ܺõȥ¶ϡ
ҲΪŻ˾ηηβġ
еʱ򣬴ҵҪȥƴС
ܣһǾӦúúõĿһ£ô˵ЩǮҲǴģʲô⣬Ҳóе
hԾļԼԭһûԭˣҲΪŻһЩǣͣĸ֡
Ҹҵϰ壬ʲôгеܸ㵣ĵĵʲôôʱҲóȷȽϳڣʱѶϵĲҪǣʱԥͻһʾ޴Ŀ𡣡
һǲ˵Щģɵ֮ǱϽЩ顣
ã˼Ѿˣôھȥһµ̵⣬Ŀԣʱҹһ᲻ɢ
hڹŵļͬ£һЩǣЩͻȻ֮Ҫȥһ϶Ҳס
ģԼƷƺͲƷʱЩԱԶԶģΪһЩҪȥۣһأҪںֹ̨֧
hڿ˷һЩԥһҲĻϲϾеʱһʱ䳤˾ͳΪѡ
ôҶעһ£ӽǹҿһЩȫµ⣬Ҵ㴴һЩԼĲƷӽҿʽϢһܣһ֮һλҡ
һ֣˲ԱעȻҲǼԱ
ҵĹģȻ󣬵⼸ԱҲǾҳϵġ
ϰҪԼƷƵĻʱҪʧҵˣϾǴûйľ顣
ϰ壬ҪǴǾ˵ɣҲȥһЩĹȻʱҲûа취
ϰǰɣҲĿ׵ģʧҵˣչԼһЩѡ
һʱ֮Թص˶š
ô£ԱÿһҾƶΪʲôôأʲôʱ˵ǣ
һСؽѯʣ֮Ҳ͸¶ãȻ
ȥһЩԱ˽⣬һЩ⻹֪ġ
﹤һһЩҪɣһΪҺڣͻȻû˹ʱҲһͥһʾ޴ĸ
hСؽŽҲ̫µʱһЩҪĿֻš
עһ£Ҳû˵Ҫǣ˵ǻؼҺúϢ죬⼸ʱҲճŹʣȻҪԼƷƣôһҪϢãʱſԽ뵽һֵĹ
ٵĽһͣ˵󣬺һһ
ǰЩΪ˽ţһȻǼҼҶһľ
Ǿллϰˡڶл֮һ˲ͻָǸ
ûмǴĻһֱǵҲûκεĸȻĻһӰɣʱһӰѡ
Լĵ֣̲ͻȻеʱһЩҲһ¡
hϣľܹԼԽԽֻ࣬Ĵ֮УŲš
Ҫ˵ԣԺӰ齻ҲǵһҲûκεˣúõ׬һЩǮԼԺûκεǳ
h˵ʱҲʮֵƽ˲²ⲻﵽʲôȴҲԸоǷݹ¶
˭ϣԼһ˴ڼȥټķӣȴûһ
ʵ˵ʵ㲻˹µģȥཻһЩѣûµʱȥɢһɢлһԼˡ




485£
 

ϾʶôʱˣԼԵ˶ҲһЩ˽ġ
hڹųڵƽʱ֮Ҳˡ
ÿһЩƲֽʱ򣬶Կڵ⣬ˣ취ͼֽԽ
ȻҪȥ̣ôһȥɣȻʱȥ˱һͲˡ
hҵĶǹĵΪľǷֹԼʱ֮޷԰Ρ
еʱɣᵽһ˿ʱȥ˼һЩ飬һ
h治֪ʲôʱܸĵԼӱܵϰߣᵽҸʱȥһ˵Ĺ¶᲻ϰߵġ
һ̲סŹȰ֮д޵ϧ
h̫⣬еʱڸ鷽һ׳ա
ϰҲ֪һּͥů֮һܹ¶᲻ϰߣעǹһˣôȥܱ˵أ
̲סһʱҲһЩҡ
Ҫȥ߶Էʲôڴûа취ڱõĳ
ˣԼ뷨Ҳûа취ĸԤֻҪԼϲͿԡ
ǣǿĳǣһҲԸټ˵Щ飬תȥ
hԭؽӲ˰죬ŷӦ˾Ҫȥʲô
֪һϴ̳վ¥¿ǽϴĹĦһʱ֮ҲһЩš
ϰ壬Ҫһ̰ɣҪ֪̣ǵ·۸ҲһҪܹſԣ
̲סһҺhǲЩ顣
һֱ֪ϰǮȴûᵽز
ҿûô˵ҪԱλãֻһССĵ̶ѡ
һֻʼ磬ЩҲ⡣
ûס̳Ĵ㣬Ͼ̳֮еƷĿǵҪؽΪ
ڻʱ̳ҲԵһЩײ
͵ĴӦһ£hֱӸϰȥǼССĵ棬òϵǼСȴǳ
ǽһ£ҵмǽͨˣԲŻ˹ǿɵȥƣΪͬ򣬵ʱװҲΪһʵı档
һˣϰҲؽк˿κεи
Ҫ֪ŮӸ绰ʱѾ֪ͬѰݡ
鷳ֱӸңҵҪǮͿԣʣµһֱӸ򵽿
һٵľͽŵȷҵȻڲǺܺ𣬵պҲһϡ
ʹڴ̳ԱߣҲܵһӰ죬ȥ̳ʱҲᾭҵ̵ſڣֻҪưſڣʱͿ˵ߡ
λŮʿĲҪٿһΪкܶʵĵ̡
ϰ岻ȷѯҲǸӵĻҡ
ûмһ˺Ůӣô׵ľͿһҵ̡
ϰģԼı׼ȻҪͲκεи
һ΢΢ףֱӽǰ׼õĺͬ˳
ͬһֻҪǩһ֣ͿתúͬҲУֻҪҹĿͿˡ
һؽŻӦѰһжźãһŮһ׵Ĳȫ
˶Ѿˬ죬ϰҲټĥߴȥֱӽеĺԼǩ
ҽд̾ˣϣλŮʿԺúõľӪҵ棬Ͼôʱ䣬Ҳһĸ飬2¥һ¥ƽסǳ㡣
һн꣬ϰҲѸȥԸټͣ
һӾͿԺһȥúõһʵǶҲԳѧ
ôҵ滹ǲɣ֮ǰпֻʼʱеԥǾһʱĹ۲죬ҷҵ̵ȷλñȽϺá
һֱҲ̲ס̾
ǰûзֹһԼĵ̣ôġ
hվԭȴҲ֪ǺãϰһЩͻ˰ɡ
ϰȷҪԼĵ𣿱Ͼе黹ûԤôͻȻѲʲô𣿡
ȷĽѯʣҲǸӵĻҡ
ɲϣԼϰʲô顣
hеʱҪȥвɣΪĻֻԼһϵе鷳ִѾȥ׼ˣЩƷĿˣҲѾϾŪˣһ֮ǵĵ̾ͿʽҵһҶѾ׼
һĮɨһҵ̣ڷûκ뿪




486£ٰ㳰
 

úõĸԼż٣һ¾ˡĿһʱԼʱϾҪˣһҲٵĸԼɷһϢ
̰غյϢҲѸٵĿ˹ȥ
ôûлعңǲʲô鷢ʲôҪҰæĵطϽңǧҪκε
һһϳੲݵʡ
ֻһҵ̶ѣģԼǮˣôͻȻҪҳȥԷˣǲʲôı
΢΢ͷԼԵҲԾݡ
ȻıˣϾҵţϻҪΪټһӣҵȻܿ㣬סܿʲôҪصһúõĺһ¡
һ׶ǲĵĽŶ
֮ܺĹϵ⣬η޾
ʲô飿ŪصĻԸңǲһЩҪһ
һҲżԿĿ
ôһˣôܻ˲ϲأ
Ϊ˲ģֻ˾ó˸ָ覴á
诣ϵǸŮҪҳԷҾǷ޶˺úõĻһǸСҲöԷʶһǵĸжôĺ
̰غ̵˵ţһɫ;á
ȻҲ֪ôȥƻǵķ޹ϵӹȻǾԼù
Ľͣ΢΢ɫҲͻȻ˲١
֪˾û֮еô򵥣Ƥǳصģ
ľǾĴ诣ŮͶĶɢ
ǸлС㣬Ƿ޶˹ͣ벻֪û´Ρ
һһĹ򣬾һԼ̬
ҲȻӦñ̬߰Ŷԡ
û뵽СҲˣѲɲ֪ⳡɷѲ̸ϵ飬СҲҪһ죿
诲ĽŻӦ˿ûΪһĵоκ⡣
Ҳֻȡˣһ̽źһʦôйͬԣ
ŶС˼˵һҼͥŮӣû𣿻˵СԼһ⣬ΪԼɫ㣿
һֻĻ˻֣С־һ䡣
ĳ֮УֻԼ˵Ʒλòø߶ˡ
Сǻ˵ЦˣԼı첻ôֵܹˣڳΪʦôأעɷҲˡ
Ů֮սѸٵĻ
̰غﾲԼ˵һб⣬ͻȻŮԽԽɰˡ
ʦѵͲ𣿻˵ԼģΪԼκεƹ˾ĻôҪעһЩϾδкܶĲƷҪȥأ
һҲöԷ޻֮
诿ŮӵҲò衣
ԭΪֻһΪ崿Ľɫȴû뵽Ҳʼݡ
ԭϲԼķˣһݵˣȻĻҿҪúõ㣬ʱݣСİԼŪñˡ
诺ĵĽѣҲٵ˾Ʊ
ȴƬ֮ŷֶԷû˼
εջԼ֣ĳϵţţͻȻʳ֪ζ
Ǻúõһ磬ȴεľء
С㣬Ȱ㻹ǺúõһԼģҪʱԼŪһĲֵҹ˾ѲɺҪԼ𣿡
һ鵭ĮɨһϵͣƣҲһƲߡ
ɫϾһĲ죬̰غյǱЩĳ
벻ôʱ䶼Ѿȥˣҩ飬ڷĽظ
̰غգһЩ뿪Ƭ̡һ򵥵Ľһ֪ҲѸ뿪
ҪúõƽһԼΪľǷֹһƲסԼ
۵ˣҲʼ취öԷǱơ
ܣ˵ĺҲһܿĻϣʱ˳Ҿһ
ǵЦݣ˿κεĶߡ
ֻϧ̰غնŮһȤûУ෴ñȽϰۡ
Ҫͱ˺ȾƣôôˣһˣȾƣƺ󲻿ҽ쿪ģԲܺȾơ
ҲֱӾܾ̰غյҲһֱźһ뿪ķ
Ҳ֪ǸŮ˵Ҫʲôȥһɣһʲôôأ
ţ̰غҲֱվ뿪λ˿ûκεıܻ䡣




487 Կ
 

һߵսǾͱһɾ޴קߣʶҪǯסԷȴŵϤζҲƽ˲١
ԭƢȻô꣬ôպҿһҪСһУȻһһʹɱָô졣
ɵĻסĲһԼӵڶԷϡ
ȷһЩˣҪúõϢлûд꣬ôܰȻأ
ôˣȥĻôǾ뿪ûбҪŮӡ
ؽŰͣĺ󱳣̰غĶͷ·ںǻһ㡣
ûʲôֻǾ̫ˣǱﱻҩǲûȣǺҿû취㡣
ͻȻҪ飬һҲæһ䣬˿κεĵ
ɲϣҪҪ֪ҩ֮󣬼ڶݵʱڵõ⣬Ҳһֵˡ
ģҲŲǸŮ˺ȾƣһʼͿԿóĿĲȻĻҲûбҪȥ
̰غ˵ţȴʼð
ڽԼˣȻʱ򻹲֪Щʲôء
޼ҵĴС֪ѾˣҪĽоӹȻԲġ
ҲһҪСһУ޼Ҳû֮ô򵥣ҿɲϣΪҶǣôһ鷳
һĵ˵ţɫҲʼԽǳ˳˧һ鷳
ڸңһСһЩ˵ұߣ
µĽѯʣ֮Ҳ޵Ц⡣
һķǵŮˣ鷳Զ취ؾԼġ
ǸϽȥɣȻʱŷ˾Ͳˡ
һٵԼλãֱӶǸŮҧгݵĿԼ
С岻ҧгݵģǲ֮ǰ蹷ҧûд磿
֮еţţһеĽѯʣϵıҲ޷ܾ
ǰٰ㳰һ仰ɴĿ˵һػ
ĺһƣֻÿǻڶʼơ
ϹιһţţҲѾһˣΪŵĵȻҪúõչһУؼҵʱһҪġ
һһ˵ţһ˵ľ룬Ҳڳ̰غϡ
˲ʲôģȻ򵥵ģֻҪԷţúõĽһ̼Ϳԡ
ȻŮ˵ǰҪľӡ
Ӳȵ£ͣĽż̤ôǿĶҲĶӡ
ͷأüͷŲӵҲ̲ס߬
ǰôûзֹһ˿ԽԼֲҪӵ£
Ϸ޵滹Ҫ˶֪Ƿ곡ϷҲһЩܡ
˵ĸãǲ֪ɷйͬԣͬԶûôĺӣҲһЩɡ
̧ͷҲѤõЦݡ
ֻϧЦڱ˵ôĴۡ
һԵķԱԱ߿˵ĹϵҲԽãȻ
ǹʿΪƫƫҪ⣿
Сˣ˵ĺӲ㣬˧Щֻ֪Ū飬һЩֶȡʤأԼʼò
һǲѻ˵ôԼĶӣҲŷ
ߵľ飬֪һȽںĶȴƫƫй
ٷˣһ˶һţţλС㸺𡣡
Լֱ뿪̰غմʼ诵Ϲ
ϡ
һڸʻλϣҲһһĹǷ˳
쵽׶ʲôȥˣ۳ģʲôĻңҾͿԸڶ컳̥ˣ治ͣı浱ԼŮˡ
̰غ̲סһ𣬿֮ҲԵĹػ
Ů˾ʱ˹ģͿʼһֱ
Լһҵ̣һҸˣǻкܶûнһܵʱúôһ£һܵʱҶڼԲ汼ÿһһҪһԷ
һԼҪ˵˳ӹɶԷоܾ
˿ʼæԵĹʱˣһʱҲ̡
ɼˣָ鷴ԽԽι̣˶ûа취롣
˵ҾͱŮһԷһ֣
̰غ΢΢ͷѯʣҲ޵ɡ
˵Ů˵ļǿģҵһλôˣԶôķġ




488 
 

㣬ͱ˳ȥԷҲ̫뷨ϾĹҳԴ׵Ļʱǵĺӿ̷۶Բˡ
һ˿΢һЩƣ˵ģ˶Щۡ
ϾѾ̥ˣ治ͣıµ˵ȥҪ˳Цɡ
ҲǶѾ̥ôʱˣÿﻹ治ͣı治µʱӳʲô𣿡
̲סһѯʣעȴһֱǰĵ·ϡ
ɲڿʱ̫ĵ飬ϾԱ߻Լںˡ
˵ӾǵȫڲȥŬƽպǵĺôһĵ·οһཱུʱҲڲͣıûʲô󰭡
һںĻ˻֣ЩҲûôĵǡ
ԼȻ˽ģôĴǲཱུĴˡ
̰غⷬĪһЩζصཱུʱһᾭܶʹɡ
ţһ㶼ԹཱུʱҲԣ㻳̥ʮ£Ҳ֣߳һеһжҵĹ
̰غ˵˵ţ˵֮Ҳ޵˶һЩ̹
һı仯Ҳ֪ʲôȥŰο
ûϵ鶼ѾȥˣοҲֻǱȽ飬һŮӶᾭЩһҪ׬һЩǮУȻʱǵļͥͲôĺˡ
ٵת˻⣬һҲԸЩϹľȥ
ѾǹȥˣûбҪټڡ
ȻʱҲֻһ˵ĸܵһЩȺ
صУ̰غյһǸϽȺϴˮΪԼϴš
һģӽһһϸɷÿһ㵱ɺһ谮
΢΢վӣǹĶͷһǣҲֱӿʼԼϴŹĹ
һݸı䵹Ҳ⣬ǷޣЩҲѾϰˡ
˵ñ˿õһܲڸԼϴŻ飿
̲סڽһѯʣԺ֮Ҳ޵롣
Щ黹ǱȽϺء
̰غյҲЩ˰ô˵ô˵ԼҲûʲô
Ҳֻһɷģ㲻Ҫǣ˭ϣԼɷܹչԼ
Ȼ˵⻰ϵĶȴ˿ûκεͣ͡
ϣڴϣȴ֪˵Щʲô
̰غŽ飬ҲԽķơ
Ҳ֪Щʲôʱܸһ䣬һ˵ſջյҸ
ôˣô˲˯ʲôأһû˯ţҲ̲סѯš
Ϊ溦µʱٸһΣգҪʹڼˣҲѾ׬㹻Ǯȵ֮Ǿͻһ
ıס΢Щӷ׵СѾ΢΢¡𣬿ԿóҲѾĳ
Ϊеĵǲֻ
ĺܺһЩҪΣշ
ģûʲôģοһڣӵĺЩ鲻ҲջҸ취ܣһôЩ顣
ؽŰΪľǷֹ̫ıԡ
̰غеʱǻԼˣʲô˵ʲôҲɫϡ
ΪһЩǣ̫ڹֱҲһ¡
ˣ˾һ޴ΣԼĿԸо컹һЩʲô鷢溦µʱΪҶܵǣ
̰غʼһЩƣ֮Ҳ޾İûڡ
ʧܵһɷ˰ɣԼһЩվ
֪ΣգȴҲûа취ܺõȥб⡣
ҪЩˣһģһڹ˾ﲻͣæµô˻Ϣˡ
ֲͣĺ󱳣һ庢һԼɷûñǳȵĺ
ҲѾ˯ˣԼų˯˹ȥ
ĸǮҲԽļʡ
ͲףôһˣΪʲôϲһƽƽʦ
ѲǱ˹ƣ˵ǸŮʲôŵ㣬ûа취бġ
оһһԽԽҡ
ٵĻصУͣزϣһ׾ڵϷŴ˼ʮ
òϵǣŮ˵ȷһЩĵطأע䲻Ǹ߰ɷ
һǸ㣬ֻҪõĶǧ࣬Ҳõ˽ôעҪһЩʧܵġ




489 ĸ׵ܰ
 

ҲΪ˵շתѲ⣬֪Ǻá
治ϣԼĶ˳Ϊ˼ͥĵߣû취˵뷨ˡ
һҲ֪ҪЩʲôһֻͷӬһײҲδһ¡
ΪҲԽķơ
һСƽʦͿԳΪܲõķˣıκһܹ
һ㵽׻ʲôҲ֪飬ΪʲôԶôأ
˵ţ˵ҲʼԽã
ڶ죬ȫµһ쿪ʼеҲʼԼһ顣
һҲ׼úõһƷƵ¶
̰غ˵ӦøԼƷһʲô֣ſ˼סͬʱһЩ壿
һͣҲ̸һЩ顣
̲Լĸʵĸ飬ҲһЩĽ
Ǿѡһ˱Ƚں֣ĸд˵ƷԺҪָ⣬裬Ķ𣿡
̲ĵţҲ΢һЩǣĸԶ˼ȽϴˣΪơ
һûôȻѾˣһȥ˵ʵҵʦôʱˣҲӦһԼƷƣÿ׼ԼչʾҵȷһЩĽġ
Ժ̲֮סԼչӣT̨ģأƵ·㣬T̨ǿЩ·ҲԷĵЦ
ЩÿһʦϣģҲһͬ롣
Щһ治ǺҪúõһɣϾһƷƣպҲһʵǰأȵǸʱ̫ˣҲһ¡
ҪɣȡֵдCHɣʱһƷҲöбעҲһȽϾӡǡ
һһ߳ͣһ˵Լ飬ȴһЩԥ
ϾҲһҪһͬС
ûʲôеȻӦܵʲôʱ㶼ҪסʲôһҪңΪҲǿĺܣȻû̫Ͷ룬ֻҪҪͿ԰㡣
緹ĹΪӵĳ̲ͳһĹˣۼ֤Լĸһ档
Ϸ޵ˣ˻עһ㣬Ȼټȥպ˸鲻ιˣˣҿûа취չǡ
̲˵ţȴоԼĺһЩعͷʱľԼĸվ֮ǳޡ
̲һ󵨵Ĳ룬Լ˵ĶӣѾȫʬ˰ɡ
֣㲻ҪֳԹĿңҪҿ⣬Ҷʲô飬ҵĸǲˡġ
ٵܵĸ׵󣬽һأ̲ԾɿԸо󱳴һЩˡ
´˵ʱעһ㣬Ҫһ˲ΪҪģһ֮䲻Ҫ˵һҶĸ׵İԶı䣬ĸ׵ˣҲһʱĸףΪӻ
̰غһ˵ҲѸٵȥȥ˹˾ǰԼһʽ
裬ôûȥңǹҷ𣿻˵һЩҪ׼
Լĸ׳ٳٶû뿪̲Ҳ̲סǰѯʣǸĸ׺úõİĦһ½ǡ
ⲻ׼ԼƷ·֮УʱһᣬһεķᣬҲѾ漰·Ҳ֪ЩҪȥʵġ
һһ߽Щ飬һ߿е鼮
þûпЩˣһǾһЩİ
ϸһ룬ӳʱ򣬿ǸͰ͵СӣеԹͱԹҲһɨˡ
֪֪ʱҽ㱧ҿǸССͰ͵һţôһ˲ΪʲôҶӳô󣬿Ǻһ㳤ҲͰ͵ˣҲŷԭҵĺôƯ
̲ס˵Сʱ飬һЦҲ޵ĸ
ںΪĸ׵޵ģΪǲԶȥս
裬ڵѾͰ͵һСţҲ취˰ɡ
̲Ȼô˵ţȴһЩǣԼСʱĳúܳ
ʲôһزԼĸȥ
ô᲻㼴ôҲϵһ⣬Ҫ׵̸ףҪԺ󳤴ˣȢһҪԼһãҪ֪Ů׵ģ̥ʮ£ÿһ춼ʹġ




490 Լҵ
 

һੲݵĽۣ֮Ҳ޵͡
̸Щʱ˵˼Ҳһȫ
ˣᵽһǰδеĸо
裬ҲŶԺȢӣһȢˣҪ˸ô졣
̲̲סЦȴҲһЩĸ׶ġ
һ㣬һ㶼һЩȫ
ΪȱһЩȫУȱҲ˾ԼʱһЩΣա
ǿɲһȢˣҺ־ȥ磬Ҳȥֵ̳һúõľӪһҹ˾ȵǸʱҲһɷöӵݣȻҪһϰ壬µЩԱκεıԹ
һҲ֪Լôˣ̲סȥ˵һЩɿĻɿԸȫ
̲Լĸ˵ЩһԼԼ˸С
ˣ㻹ǲҪ˵ˣټ˵ȥᶼˣһϹͻȻᣬҿֵһƤ
̲ٵ˵ֱӻԼķ䣬Ըټͣȥ
Щ飬;һŮһӾ̫¡
һ㳤󣬽˻ҪеһӵΣкأҪһĸ׵Ρ
мһЩûа취п˷ġ
ĸĸȽϺãҲĸ̫ʧԡ
ļʱڣһÿһ춼ڼȥ׼һЩϵ顣
һܺCHҲʽĿţЩƷأҲѾעɹ
ҽһҪúõ׼һ£ǵ̿ŵĵ1죬ҲϣʱøȥӴǵڵƷˣЩ·ҲȫҪǹȥ
һһܵʱҲ˲飬ȥЩʱмǳһЩ©ƷƵҲǺܺá
ȻĻôһоɹʵУеԱ֣һڹңһڵ档
ֹڹҲһĲ죬ΪڹҹÿһȥӴĲϣ϶һЩƣ
ڹҵԱʻϸһЩһڹҵԱûκεĹǣϾеʱ򵱶ҪһЩӰ࣬滹˺ӣĹͲʺϡ
ϰ壬Ļǲ˵ӽǾͲټȥȥ·Ǹÿһ˵ϲȥԼ·򡣡
еһҲ̲סԼ⣬Ͼɲݵ
ٵʦ¶ԼƷƣЩƷƵͬʱҲе˽ʦְ
˽ʦõһ·ϻкܶǮƣΪǸÿһ˵ϲġ
ҪľҪÿһ·ȥﵽҪκرС覴ãȻҲϣܹúõȥԴһݹΪһһ㿴ųģչÿһ˶һķס
ʮ˾Χ̸Щ飬Ա٣ɿԸоִͥů
ŵ㣬CHҲʽļ˲ʣˣвٵףء
ܾһ
û뵽ҲһΪæ˲ˣĴæ˹һʣصʱҵҲһϣʱкĻᣬһ㡣
һ̲סЦͬʱԼλʦҲһĸлϾһʼԼһЩ顣
˵ʵĵһ濪ʼҾ;һƽʦһһĴԼأֻû뵽ôԼĿꡣ
̲סһпԺ֮ȴ˵һμЩ
ǸʱһЩͬƺʧȥ˼䣬Ծݵ״̬κˡ
ڵأҲ΢һЩųΪԼոģȥЩѧķͷһЩԡ
ҲԼȡʤɵҪҲر򵥣һ֪Բһ̰ˣҲΪǮԼ¡
ҪϵĽֻͣͲǰôҲиջ񣬵ڷչԽԽˣֻҸоƺƿһЩطԵһЩִ
һͻȻ뵽ҲæѯʣرæҲûʱѯЩò׼ˣȻҪһʵô¡
ԭ㶼ѾˣҲ֪Լôˣ沢ôȫȫ⣬һЩ·Ǳ谭ˡ
˼ĽŸֻ֪ԼһЩá
ɣؼҵʱúõķһԼ飬ȥһЩطһ£Ҫȥ˶ĵطУʱͿԸоԼȱٵʲô




491 ǧϴ
 

һٵһЩ飬ΪľǿԼѲټֹǰ
ҵһЩƿǱȽģΪÿһͬһֶƶ˾ͻۻҡ
벻ѾͷڹˣȻ֪ƷһЩ⣬ԭΪ˷֣û뵽㾹Ȼǵһҵġ
̲סһп۵ҲԵЦ⡣
ʱֻСѾͷûκε˼ƫƫ˴һ
̰غոһֳľԼӺĵҲǷ߷ߵ˹ȥһѱ뵽ԼĻУʾǿҵռ
һûзӦǷʲô;Լ뵽һůĻ֮С
̧ͷʱľɷǳӵĿضܡ
Ǹʲôǧϳ´ַˣҵĺѣҲҵĶʦҵʦǶҵĲأ֪𣿡
һͻȻһЩЦǿǽеЦֻǿеĽ͡
һ飬һǧϳ´ףԼԣȴûа취ȥжԿ
һ벻ɷȻôɰû뵽ŮԻһ˵Ĵ̳ӣպҪ˺һЩѡ
̲סЦǰˣҲһЩ죬ȴ벻ˡ
Ƿĵȥףһһ˵ˡ
ʵ˵ʵͦĽŮ˵ģƷ츳ôõһɷպҲһܲҰͽܿɽˣϣܹԵģֻһˣҲҪʧ
һ仰ҲҴææ뿪ȥ˷ĵطķɻ
ҲǳղԼͽ￴һģû뵽Ǹǧ̳ûϵٿԼͽҸġ
ԼʦԶȥһҲûдӸղŵзӦȴû뵽ԴֱӰһơ
˶ˣĽŹۿǾҺܴ𣿻ΪҲһˣһԴ׵ı춼ûС
̰غ֮һ˵ԲǺܸߣӵȷˡ
һȻ֪ΪʲôڳһЩûõĴףҲǷĵĸоů
Ͼһںˣȴ΢ĽŹػҲᵽů
̰غʵ˵ʵͦõģеʱ򰮳ԴëӦøһģΪôõһ˻ϲҲֻϲƽˡ
̲סһп˵֮Ҳ¶Щıˣᡣ
̰غվ;ĿԼСӣϷȴҲûдԷϾǷޣ˴֮Ҳ˽ⲻˣһЦǺ¡
˵ʵеʱҲΪʲôƽģһôһأҸоҪΪ̫ƽˣԲҪôһҵԡ
̲һƨһԶڲͣƨԭʮĳˣⷬ˵ʼʮָǡ
ԼС˿ҫ˵ǿ϶ǼٵģԺҲһҪÿһ취һöԷһԼС
ȻĻôҲһҪһԼϾҵȷ̫ˣټȥҲֻԵƽ
̰غҲٵĽϣΪľǿöԷܹ泩һЩ
ΨһԸԼСܹÿһ쿪ģκգûκεǳֻҪѾ㹻ˡ
Ȳ˵ˣҸ㰲λϾҪȥ̨һҵЩװˡ
ƹҲѾ𽥵ĿʼһҲҴææȥ˺̨һ׼
ⳡֱʱкܶϽйۿһ⣬ʱҲһܺõľ
ΪλĴʼˣҲһҪһòУ̵һ쿪ҵȻܳκ⡣
̰غȻĿԼСôæµһ뵽ЩŬĽҲ˵ЩʲôǸcλϡ
е˶Ѿ½½ĿʼT̨Щģأϴŵ·Ҳʮֵǵߡ
һСʱе·ҲѾչɣЩ·ҲѾרıǩ
һڵƹҫ£𽥵̨ǰԼĸԡ
Һܸлܹμҽ̵ĿҵͬʱһҪлһˣǾҵɷΪɷһֱĬĬ֧ңҲ֪ǴһʼʲôûУһһߵģȻٲԵ֧֡
һһ˵ţһ߽ԼתƵ˳̰غյϣ֮еְҲûа취׵Ρ




492 ǿ
 

说˿ڵǰһĻҲԽļʣͲǸŮ˵ʲôõģôһˡ
ҲڹۿⳡֱֳòϵǵȷһЩĽϾΪʦ˭ϣܹԼƷء
ֻϧһʱ֮·Լһһߵ˱ıԵҲûа취»ָǷݹҫ
ԾĴԼֻ滹ƻ壬ÿһһһҹҹĽᾧǵһչֵĻᶼûˡ
ʱôϣʱԵĻҲɵɵȥ͵Ա˵Ĵ⡣
ڲڿűһֱĽ
һʵ˵ʵͦĽģһֱ֪ԼҪĵʲôÿһ춼ججĻţʱ֪嵽ʲô
ŵӻ˵ҲԾĻ䣬ҲԽĿɬ
ֻһһߵ˵УʱΪһʦû뵽Լǰ̣֪ĽһһЩӦ
̲ôҲû뵽ӻԼôһϲֱ̨ǰ
شҲʶңҲܸл֧ӵƷȻҲϣǲҪҵȥ֧֣ǷĵȥϲƵÿһ·
̰غ΢΢ͣһ¿˵š
ҵӡ֮һΪ򵥵ĶֱﲻͣæµʱҲŷе鲢û֮еô򵥡еĹԱǲиŬҵĹ˾Ҳˣܹ֮չɽزԼŬҲѲ˸ϵġ
̰غһ壬ֻվͿԲԾ˵ߣûа취׵Ļرܡ
һҲԾĽT̨˳Ϊľǿɷúõ˵һ˵Щ飬Ҳһ־°ɡ
ϣΪԼܶҲԲԼĳģʲô飬ҪľһҪԼ
̰غͻȻʶԼӵ̨ҲԸټ˵ЩʲôҲݲݵĽ˻⡣
һʱڣǸָںͺһŽ̸ҲһЩϰķ˽˶·Ͼ·ȷܺÿֻϧһơ
õһ˵ϲ֮жȹϻصС
һƣڴϣֻý춼ʮ㣬û뵽1ô˳ǲ֪պô
̰غգʵҽܸжΪ¿˵ҸжĻֱһˡ
һһ߽ŸпһʵİĦʽ
̰غÿһ첻ܵʲôʱ򣬶취һЩĦһ»µѹ
ˣЩĦַҲʮרҵɵȥеƣ͡
һһЩأûκк£͸ҽижͲ£ʱҿƲסԼֱǰһҵǡ
̰غռĳֻԾļӿˣСŮ㲻һЩľϲûа취ķӦ
Ҳֻ˵һЩʵû㣬ҿҲֵ죬һֱĬĬĹңҹĪ鷳£ҲԼͷϵ֧ңѵǰ𣿡
װһ¶ӣѯʣһΪľǿ׿˵֡
˭Է飬ֻǵ˵ͷûټ˵Щʲô
̰غգǸң֮ǰǲǸܶ˰ĦΪʲôĦַרҵأҾһЩʵ
ͻȻ⣬һҲæӣɴ˫֮ҲԵŭ
˵ô˾ͱҪ˯ͷպҲһˡ
ұһĦѧϰ࣬ÿһ춼ڳʱѧϰΪľǺúõչһ㣬û뵽Ҿˡ
ڴ߹װһӣΪľǿıȡһЩ
ԴСŮ׼˶̥֮Լÿһ춼ܼ尾ǰôһȴκεĶֱĪĥ
ԭȻĻһҪúõĽСǱĴֱȥǳǳһȴ˲Ծļࡣ
ںĳȥԡϴˮ衣
̰غٴγʱǸѾ뵽֮УεҡҡͷҲֻĽ˱뵽У׸ҥ
Ϊҹ˾кԵʣҲ뷽跨ȥͳ̰غһЩΪյ飬Է·һֱڽӱһ
鷳ǳҪͲҪһ⣬ûУͬʲôĶѾǩÿһ춼Լĺ֮⣬ѲɾǵĳĻôӦúúõĿһ¡




493 ˾
 

诱Ҳֵ̫󣬿û취ԷһֱԸ棬ҲֻܲȡķʽһøҲû취
̰غԭڿᣬĳʱһЩС
ô£øΪʲô˳֣Ѳɲ֪ǹ˾𣿡
̲סһʣǽŵüͷҲԿóȷһЩŭˡ
Ҫ֪ҹ˾˶֪ϰڿʱԲκ˴ţرüͷʱͿԿóȷŭˡ
ʱҪͷǾ򵥵ģΪ㲻֪ԼʲôʱͷѾˡ
СҪźһ棬˵ʲôǵĺûг⣬ÿһ콫ʷ֮⡣
ʵĽŻ㱨˿κεҪ֪ɶǲһͿȫޡ
ñֱӽ˸ϳȥ˾֮вҪ󳳴ֵˣǺôǰѹ˾ˡ
̰غտٵĽһ˿û˶κβ׵ĵط෴ԼһЩ̫ʴˡ
˴һͱ쵶ն飬ȻԷԶΪ̫
诿ӻ߹ԭһЩ⣬ȴڿЩʱ԰
Ǹ˻˾飬ų̰غջñȥֱ̫˵һˡ
Ȼڱȥһ̣ҹ˾ſҲۼ˲ٵȺҲóֻڲͣա
ѾЩŪò֪룬ʶҪȥסԼȴҲ֪ôźãֻա
ûӦ׷ʲô;綼˲٣ٴ̧ͷʱͷһѺɫɡ
Щѵ֪ФȨ𣿾˵ƬһòŲֱӸַ˱˵ФȨ
ٵ˹߷ߵ˵ţһЩЩΪҪ
˭ûһǵʱѲڱǵʱҪ侮ʯ
ĻЩΣյʱҲֵͬ飬ΪǱûǸʸ
ַФȨһ̣ԭڲͣΧŵȺҲ½½ɢ
ˣŽԼĶ˷ǸñӺͿ֣ī
˱ǸˣҸո⸽û뵽ͿۼȺ㣬ҲǵһʱϹˣûʲôɣû˵
һ𱨵ˣοŮҪʱ֮Уܹ;ȥһЩɡ
ô黹лл㡣读ҵصлҲҴææ뿪ԭЩµױݣڴ˿ҲԵޱҡ
ۿŶʧԼ֮УһЩζȴҲãٹ˵Щʲô
ʱ򣬰ҪľǺúõ侲һʱɣϾûô˹
Ҳ˲йţȴ֪˺һĵ̡
ڲٵ˶ѡƷҲһЩ˶ϻԵЦݡ
ҵ̵Ķǻ㣬ǺӣҼ۸ҲȽϹֱ̫ƽˣԺлҲһҪﹺС
ѽѡЩ·ҲǸѡģԴҲûκεΥ͸УҵһЩ棬һʦһϹʴƣǻǿϧˡ
Ů֮䲻ۣ֮ͣҲͣҪ֪ʦݸ˵κԸȥƶ·
ӲվſڣҲ֪վ˶ã֪һ˳ſٵȥҲȻԵһЩǱ
һǸӰҲһЩ죬ȴҲûټۿϾǹ˿͵Ļ߽ˡ
ػصУЩĻҲԽļʣϣȫܹһΡ
课ε¼֮ҲÿһڼУ֪ڳﱸʲô˾ǷһԼϼκˡ
̰غôһ鷳ҹ˾Ҳϣֻÿһ컹ǼԼԭ򣬸ԼӰĦ
̲¶˾֮ÿһ춼ڸָѧϰڲͣĽǻȻǿɢȭͨ
֣ҪȥĹ˾ʵϰһʱҲ֪ҵȽ΢Ҫȥһ¼ʶ
ϣ̲ԼĸҲҪ˵ĵȷûΣҲȷӦȥѡһЩԼϲĶˡ
̰غⷬҲûһЩ⣬ӵľٶҲ֪һЩģȻ֪ҲѾһʼһˡ
ϲĻô취ȥӴһЩϾеʱһЩҲǸԼһ·




494 
 

֣Ĳ𣿰˵Ӧѧ֮нܽͻȻ֮ҪȥĹ˾ʵϰͲµʱҸһЩҪ鷳𣿡
̲̲סѯţȴ΢һЩǣȻְֵ֪һǿû뵽Ҳ׵ľϡ
ΪʲôҪҵĺӣҵȻ֪죬οûбҪϴ㣬ҲϿɵġ
̰غղŲæؽŻӦ˿ûΪЩоŭ
˵ʵлл㣬ллôǿĻ򣬻ҵĻҲһĹϵɡ
õ׵Ͽɣԭ֮еҲ˲ʧɢˣ˵۾֮ҲѤĹâ
Ϊһӣľǵõҳǵ֧֣Ҳ⡣
ĸ֮ǰһһߵ죬ҲһǾ˲ٵĿЩ˿ҲǽΪģֻо˲֪Щжôʹࡣ
еĳɹҪκεŬȻǺŽ׳ȴҲҪԼŬӮһС
»Ҫ˵һ£ϾĸףҲһҪסҪĸ׵ǣںĻӡ
̰غղĵĶţҲ΢һЩΪѣոֻԼĺӳɳȴȫˡ
ԼĸףͻȻ֮ôת䣬̲Ҳ֪˵Щʲôֻ΢΢Цš
ĸĸȷĽΪžһЩʵϾеĸ鶼ܹһá
ʵͦĽԼģΪҵļͥ㹻ȶĸҲκεķա
̲Щ˲;ûȻʣҲһܲװɡ
ԼںˣĶǸˣʲô飬ȿǵҲˡ
һæеһУһ俴ľǸӶｻ̸Ҳ̲סǰȥ
˵ʲôأ˼ң˾һЩʵҸǸˣǧҪ˵һЩûõĻȻʱ֪ˣ˿ɶҪܷ
һɳҲֱ־Źۿ
ΪһʦҪľʱеǰأЩǰҲǹ۲һƷ
裬ҵȷһ˵ģҪȥ׵Ĺ˾ʵϰһ£Ҳ֪ҲСˣҲҪӵԼһݹ
̲ڸ׵ʧҲȿڡ
֪һҪԼ˵УȻҲͽ͡
Ȼӵⷬ󣬺һҲ΢һЩԾƺû뵽ԼĶӻ졣
㻹һСӣûбҪģοĸĸǺ˲ţҲСС;ȥ򹤰ɡ
һ̲סһܾҲǺӵİο
˵¼ûô򵥣ͺӲһǵأûκεȾ˲ͬ
㲻֪֮Ѿ뵽һ֮УЩأҲʱصˡ
ڻСûбҪȥЩϵϴ񣬻úõĴڼУǵͯꡣ
̲ƺѾ뵽ĸ׵ľҲûκε⡣
ĸ֪˵ľʲôҵȷѾˣοΪ˵ĺӣҲһҪС
ٵĽŻӦཱུ֮ҲԵļ
ԼΪһ׳棬㸸ĸأеĳɼϡ
̰غձǴһԹߣ˼ҾڽһȰ˵
ȷʵѾˣӦԼ˼һԼΪģοȥҵĹ˾˾أҲȷҪһССְԱ
̰غղڻãһھͽյԼϱԹ
ΪһףúõĽ̵Ӻúѧϰƫƫúӳȥ򹤣˼ֱû취С
̰غգ˵õɣ⺢ϵıȥĹ˾ܵ۸ô죿Ѳܱ֤ҵĺÿһ춼ǵ𣿡
ԭҪʳڵĻѿڶʱȻ˼ּ
ⲢˣΪĸĵľǺӵİΣҵȥܵκίأ
ĸˣ׶˵һܺõĶʦݶκ˶ûа취ȥлر
ĸ˻˶ܣҲԸټִȥԿٵΪ׿ѡ
Ӷ˾վͬһսϣһҲ˵Щʲôֻĵ˵ͷ
ҰѺӽ㣬ΪΣԲԲҵıκε⣬ȻҲưոݵġ
ôһ仰Ҳֱ뿪ԸͣȥӳԼһ£ֻϧԽԽԶɡ




495 ǳ
 

̰غտԼӿ뿪ıӰҲһЩ
ֺγ֪ǸŮʲôأǺһͺӽнԶ
ཿԼĸ뿪ҲһЩζ֪ȥȰ˵
֣ĸĲԸȥô˰ɣҲϣġ
ĵͷԼǰĸദĳҲԾ˼֡
УĸԶΪҪģһάΪҲһҪӲС
ɵӣ㻹ûпĸ׵ǵʲôǺº֮ľԽԽԶΪһĸ׵ЩǺ¶
̰غտٵĽ˽ͣҲԸٺԼĶӼȥԿ첽뿪
ҪϽȥοһǽСӣԲķʱ䡣
̲һŸ׺ĸȥҲ֪˵Щʲô
֮ôͲᣬΪľǿԸĸ״һЩ
ȻЩϵ֪Ҳ֪ڿĸס
ĸְ¶ˣЩҲĸԸģԸȥ׷
Ϊű۸
ֻ취Լøǿˣſĸܹûк֮ǡ
˾˶ѾյϰҪ˾ʵϰϢһʱ֮䲻һЩš
ڲͣĽв²⣬ΪϰҪλͣλøԼĶӡ
˵ϰǲʹˣҪλˣȻΪʲôԼĶ˾֮ʵϰأ
ܰɣϰǶҪᣬôλͣǾԼĶӦǰһϴ񡣡
Ҳô˵Ͼÿһ˶Լ뷨ܲ׵Ľв²⡣
һһۣͣ˲²ⲻҪ˵Щʲô
̲һ˾ѾյǴƵüͷҲԾż
Щ˵ͬǻһ˿˶һЩ̹
ӽҺǾͬ£ǲҪΪСͶκεչˣϣǿԵͬദҲ֪ҵݣϣڹ˾֮УֻԱ
̲СѾԽԼĸס
ԭھദԱⷬ˲¶Цݡ
û뵽ǳǰˣϰĶӶ˵ȣӻ˾÷˼
ǼȻѾ֪ˣҲټȷʵҵĶӣҪסðҶԴһԱҪ˸飬ҾԲ׵ķŹ
̰غ´ҲٵĸԼĶӰ˺ʵĸλҲֱ뿪
ֻΪϰ´ԱҲټнȥֱӰն˵ĹŽ
ǵðЩļ꣬һҪסеĶչл֣ҪΪϰĶӣǾͻ顣
߻ȽΪľǿϰǰ
̲ɫȻĿһЩļͻȻù˾Ｋ򵥡
Ҳһһ֪ĺӣЩ򵥵ļһЩ˽дУļźܴ⣬ǲ߻𣿡
̲ƽƽĿҲ̲סһ
Ҫ֪ЩļЩרҵʿв鿴һԷе⣬һëͷСӾͿ㷢ֶߣԼжôǿ
Ѿ˵ˣҲû֮еôЩȫѾѧϰˡ
̲򵥵˵꣬ҿٵó˱ʣ޸ġ
߻ʼֻǳԾصɴ˫ۣһеࡣ
̰غմڰ칫пƵЩҲȫȻ֪
һΪӵ˶ʼڻجج״̬йͨʱ˴
ϰǲˣ˵ĻͺúϢһ°ɣҸоһЩĲɵӡ
h̲סǰȥһѯʣһЩǡ
ںһôʱ䣬ûп˻㱵ӣ϶Ϊʲô顣
ȷһЩסЩһҪĽбܣԲκε⣬ͬʱЩƲݸҲһҪڱչڽһϽ
һ΢΢ı˻˫ۣҲѸٵĻָƽʱָ
ôͺĶأôڹ˾֮гһЩ⣬ο׻ڹ˾֮ϰĹ
ϰ壬ôоû֮еô򵥣ҿһֱվ۲ţǲʲôĶ
ͻȻ飬hҲٵĽһ㱨˿κεͣҪ֪ɶҪġ
ʼĳϮ¼ȻѾѹסˣԶĥһ
ҪЩ飬ҶҲûκεĹѾȥˡ




496 ˸״
 

һһһ˵ʲô飬ԶüƽĿǽŽ
ƽҲһֲʵĴ
ˣɳϮܹһΪص飬ƵһչµʱҲһ
hҲ뱳˵˻£ǰˣѾˡ
hٸһΣ˵˻ȷǲԵģܶԷʲôĴ£ǶӦñһԭµ
һҲ΢΢һЩŭˣ˭ûأÿһ˶ʥˣûа취֤ԼĶǶԵġ
ֻ۹ȥۿߵһУôһжġ
취һ˼·˼˵ʱвһĽ
ϰ壬˵Ҷ֪ˡԾһЩʣȴҲټ˵ʲôһϰȷһЩˡ
̲ڹ˾֮ȷʵ˳˳ˮҲ˲˵ע
˵ϰĶӳõȷ˧Ҳܳڣպ˵Ҳһ޿ħ
ǿɲˣĸѬȻҲǺõģǲ֪λСҳΪ֮
ûз֣һʼСһֱڴ⹤ϵûκηĵĵطˣеĹҲƽʱܶࡣ
ſеʱ伸˾һҲ̲סЩ飬ڹ̸ֻ֮һ°ԣſת
Ҫ˵ЩˣȻʱϰ巢˾͵Ŵ˰ɣս¶ûˡ
һ˹ѣҲټ˵ЩʲôָСֶҲ˲ɢ
课֮Ҳȥ˾ʽ̸һ̸Ͼҹ˾һҵ
Ϊһε飬һҲſڲͣĽӡ
诱ϾһС㣬ȻܲίֱӺͳ̰غս˹ͨ
̰غҹ˾ĺһƿûʲôĻͺúõ̸һ̸Щ飬ſڵıô
诽ȷʮ࣬˲²ⲻκεζˣҲʼʮָ
һεĿԾڲͣĽ׷棬Ҳĳɡ
ؼǷŽһ飬ֱӼҪĽһ̰غշԸҲͷعҶ˵绰
ϲ˹ļƽϣֻϧҹ˾ĺѾѻɽ
ԭԥôϵԷȴû뵽ԼȻĻҲûʲôù˼ɵġ
ڱעҲֱ˵ݣһ߽ȥյ۹⡣
ʲôģѲǶںһ̬𣿹˾һԱĻ׼û𣿡
̲סһʣ֮ҲԵĴűģм˽йͨ
̲ĳ֣Ҳʶ̧ͷһ鿴ľ
Ůٻ֪һЩģһֱԼݾҪĸףֻϧÿһζɹ
ľ֮ΪкÿһθҲòһá
ֻϧЩ˴Щֻ֪ӲƤϲ٣һεȻ˵ˣֻûйȵĽйϽ
ٺ˿ʧɼҲѾӡǵУ޷԰Ρ
С㣬鷳ֱȥһܲõİ칫ңﲢĹ˾ûбҪôǵĹ˾֮ƽȡ
˹ֱӽһۣ˲ǻʧɢ
̰غտİˣȻĻҲûʲôù˼ɵˣԭΪɲŮòȴû뵽Է档
ԭˣһΪʲôأǹ˾ƽȣһɨصİ̶Ĺ˾ǺǾһЩܳء
ⷬҲ֪ʲô˼ֻԼĸоЩ
Ĵֱȥ˰칫ңһȥľǼĲ
ȴҲֻһ۱㽫תƿټ̽
һûˣȻÿһԵЩ䳰ȷ
Ǻ£ƵƵҵĹ˾֮У֪ǰʲôҪ£ûʲôĻ뿪
ƽĽۣߴʼնڶԷϣͷ·˲һ
诵Ҳ⣬ֻǿٵó˺Լϡ
鷳ϰ壬㿴һݺԼ⣬ôʱˣҲŷѲǹ˾ĹزŶǳʺ𣿡
Ͽļʱݣ;һЩŭ
ԭеԤӲĽС۵ֱһ˾ó̵¡
һСпҹ˾ѲǵĲ񲿺͹زŶɵ
ƽƽĽļһ鿴̰غʮֵȻ




497 Ҫ
 

˾ЩԱһֱԣȻ顣
ΨһĽ;ĹУ˶ֽš
ԭļĻͿԿߡ
ؽԼеļ˳һȶԣȻļּһЩͬ
鷳СһҪʵʱ뿴ԼҪʱѪˡ
̰غƺЦţ֮УȴԵľ档
ô˾֮д飬ôڽ⡣
ԭҪʵĻ߾ʽ˶ӣҲǲֽļűȶԡ
ҪúõΪһ¶Էȴû뵽еĻ߾˻ȥǸԼ˲Ҫ鷳
ڹ˾֮һЩԸ˱Ǻ飬ںԼϳһС鷳
鷳Сһʵʱ򣬺úõĿһԼĹ˾ûڹǵĹ˾ܷ⣬ͬʱҲϣСһʱܹһҵԱ
칫ҵŲϣеԱͬʱжϰĺøҲǱ
Ҫ֪£ϰǺȥԱ˽飬ڹ֮һЩίҲĽиԤ
˧ϰ岻ͬԶԱɼһʱʱеԱһССľϲ
̰غգѲΪڹ㲻ҪݺԼǮҵĹ˾Ҳбȶԣһ㹫˾˳ô죿
ǿнһΪľܸԼؼֱ棬˵ǰѾ̫ӣͲټȥ
Էⷬû̫ĸܣֻǲмЦЦƺǲЩϡ
ú˼ƽϣûͷԵ˺޼ҲֻһҪֵļŶѣûбҪִ
ʱδ޼ҵĴС㻹һצ
С㻹ǺúõĿһ⣬˾֮ԻڹΨһĽ;ԱһĴʱﹴһи֮򣬻úõһԼԱܹԼء
̰غջ֮䲢ûκεί֮⣬޵ĳһŮûͷԣֻ£УǼֱһ޻̸֮С¡
ҵ֮վȽŸΨһİ취Լøǿ㲻ǿʱҲһҪ취ҵһʵĿɽС
ĿɽҲļͥƫƫΪͥڷ󣬶Լһ鷳
޼ҵ˼ȽܵģҪ׶Կû֮еô򵥣Ψһİ취׼ʱǳǼһìܵʱʤ׷
ôΪ޼ΨһĹҲڲͣĽᣬЩϵѪѾڹ˾֮վ˽ŸСԼջС
˴е£诵ȻһЩܣֻܿٵ뿪ȴû뵽ӭײ߽ĳ̲
۾Ϲ𣿿˹֪úõĿһ·Ϲ˵ĻͲҪﺦ£һϹʲôʸָֻš
ķҵ˵ţԼ¾ͱڰ칫˴ֻܽеŭһԱϡ
ԭڿֵԱⷬҲԾĵһҪ֪ϰĶӡ
̲ݳҲֻǲмЦЦȴûĻӦ
ֱ߽˰칫ңС
ǽеļҴ¶Ѿˣûκ⣬鷳ϰǩһ֣ûʲôĻҾ뿪ˡ
̲ôһֱڸߣҲһȽϼǳˣڳʱǸС㻹δ뿪ɫؽֱӰ
课ſڵϣҲĹ죬˿˶̿ЦЩԱĳҲĶԲͣؽΧơ
诲ǵԼ뿪ģֻüѾܳ˺Զڶֳ
һԼƷҲ˲ջ˲ٵķ˿ڹҲѾﵽߵ㣬в˱ʾҪҷֹ˾
h˵ǵƷ˻𱬣ҪҪһЩµķϾÿһ˵ķҲǶֶʷҲźܴ⡣
ڰ칫ǰ̲סһѯʣһ֮жԵ룬Ͼ飬ǲȫķԼе롣
΢΢ĳ˼һh¿˵֮ҲԵ档
ոմԼƷƣҪһڳԳɸӣһЩѣΨһİ취취ЩƷ𽥵뵽˵Ұ֮С
ϰ壬ʵΪǲӦçײϾƷҲǸոմҲ֪˽Ʒڼ۸ҲȽϰ󡣡




498 ĸͬ
 

hһֱ鶼ȽȫҲΪʲôһԼԵԭΪ˼ϸŻһЩȽϽĹλ
˵ĵҲûֻܲܳΪǰİʯôģ취ǹҵһȼã˵ĺѵľһЩ·
һ˼һķϾеʱһЩ˼ҵĺҲΪܵһޱҪӰ졣
󲿷ֵҲԵϵһͨͨ·ڼ۸Ҳ֮ǰźܴĲ졣
´ƷƣƷƵȥһʱ򲻽Ըƶ˼ҺһҲһƥ֮
⵹һþȥһЩƶĺӣҲһܺõ󣬶Щ˼Ҳһڼ۸ϣǲӦһЩ׼ȷ˵·Ϸ档
֮Ľ̸ô˳Ϊ԰еⶼĴ
һ˾ѡô޵ĲϾƽЩƶ˼ҵĺҲһЩŪһЩΪصĲϣºƽյҲһЩ̫ϡ
̲ڹԶһһ˿״̬ԺԵһСӣֻ˵ĳɼȷ˾һЩ˼
̲֮ǰûоκרҵѵΪʲôҸоǾѵŻ˾ϰģ
еһԱ׳ŵ˵Ҳ֪ԼⷬȷһЩ治еĺҲǰͲסֵ֪
̲ԭڴһЩ£ⷬҲǻ̧ͷǺϰһ۾Ҳ˲סɪһ¡
츳ûоκεѵҲֻϣܸҸ״һЩõİ鷳ûʲôĻصԼĹλϡ
̲һȽȵˣϲͲʶ˹ӴϲЩһЩνİԡ
ðɣҪȥ̽һЩ鱨Ӱ쵽ԷݣҲֻеǿҷС
ʱ为𣬶Ҳһڰ칫֮Уĸʳ
һǲҪͷģһ뵽ԼĶӵһϰҲĸġ
ҵĺལڹ˾ûһЩֵ˻£ûʲôСŮȥĸס
һںгĳŷʱʱһЩȤ˶һЩЦ
һŮ칫Ͱְ˵˵˺ܳʱ䣬Ϊֹʮܡ
̲ƽĽŸ֪˿κκƭ˼
̰غӵĻҲ͵ĵɴ۾֮ҲԵĴ
ôұţұǸͥɶ˵ĻԾͻһᣬҪȥ˯ͷġ
ԭˣȻĻίܽ˯һ¿ͷˣҲ֪ԽԽˣÿһ˯һҲһЩ㣬ȵӳ֮ǰ˯ڿͷͺãʡϴ㡣
һϴŵЦݣ˿κεĶߣԼԼвҲ˾ëȻ
˭뵽һʦвԼɷʱҲ˾һЩ־ء
ΪӵȻʶԼ˵ľʲô⣬̲Ҳκβ׵ĵط
Դ˵ĸԽԽúûк˯һ䣬Ǻһʱݡ
ҲǳУӦǺúõϧһºĸһʱ⡣
裬㶼֪еʱڹ˾֮Ҳջٵǣһһ֮˵ϢҲ˾úɶɱ
̲˿ӣҲֱĽ˻㱨ĸӶŰԣΪϰҲֻʵš
ôеһжһΣ֪˾ͲӦ˾֮УԼ䵽˯ͷˡ
̰غգҪͱסˣҺͶӾҪȥסһ¾Ƶ꣬ȥﶼԣûʲôĻҾʹҶˡ
һôһ仰ҲֱӴԼĶ뿪ûκԥ
ԭҪĳ̲ҲԼĸǿеק˳ȥ
ûǽʲôӣǸ˵յȻҪúõĽһòС
ţ㲻ҪһˡѹԼ뵽ԼϵĲ״;ĶѾ˸
ôܹ˱ң
뿪˾ĸӶҲڲͣţӦ׼ʲô
裬˵ǵӦ׼Щʲô˵ǼʲôҲȱΨһȱľһϲ˵ˣ԰˵ҪĴڣ׼һЩ𣿡




499 
 

̲һͷˮĸ׵ҪЩʲô
ʶǷ޶˵Ķ֪ڳ̰غյҪģѾˣʲôҪ
ӣڻС㲻޶֮Ҫ˴˸˴һϲУһնҪʮֵĽΪᱻ㲻ں
һͣĽŽ˵ֻýŶʼһЩʹ
һˣҲһƽЬɼҲһЩء
ֲǷ޶ԶŸָӵľǱһ
̲һСͷһͣҡͷʱʱᷢ̾Ϣ
ʱĻỳԼǲģĶȴƫƫŪúͼһ
ֱȥ˵꣬һһ⣬Ȼ滹Ҫһ3dͼ
򵥵ĽһͨͨˣǮҲֱӿʼ
мĹȻ΢һЩٳƷҲǱȽģڳ̲ĵȻǺõġ
ΪҰھͱϽصһãסȵǲ֮ҲҪĵһľš
ؼҵ;УĸӶڲͣĽ飬׼һЩһ
Դ뿪֮Ϊϰĳ̰غոʲôûоر뵽ԼҪ˯ͷʱ;Щɬ
ǰôûо÷ַ˯ôʹһ¶
̼ң̲ŪһƿϺõĺƣѷ
̲ǰвõֳһ
ˣӣ˵͵ĺϲʲô·Ʒϲֳһķ񣬻ǼԼһģ
һͻȻԼļƻҲæӽһ̡
֮ͬĺӿһЩͬ԰ɣȻĻҲһҪúõȡС
ȻĸΪʲô⣬̲Ž˻ش
˵·û̫ҪŴʵĻԴʲôȽϺÿ
̲ȻһС˵ʱ֮͸¶һ˿ССۣҫһ
˵ҲԣôģҲǴԼƷҴƷƵһ棬ʱȥˣȻҲΪܹǵƷƵõƹ㡣
һвúúĸӶҲŹͨ
Ǻ˽ڵĺԺ֮жʲôҲΪҪԼĶӺúõĹͨһϸ⡣
裬ʵҸоûбҪôΪһεҲѾ㹻ˣԼȥһ棬мʧҲвٰɣ
̲Լ뷨һ²⣬Ǻ˽е飬Ҳ֪һЩ
Ǽ򵥵飬ҪҺúʵԴھĹҲһЩҪִ
ģЩҶᴦãǴһЩ޵T֮ģʱҲЩǴͬʱҲһЩҪʡ
һҲԼĶûκεϾһˣαϷأ
Ȼ㶼ѾˣҲûʲô˵ģԶ֧ΨһһܣҲϣһ˿ԶҸȥ
ֻ̲΢΢ЦЦԼĸף֮ҲԵ̾ĸȻᣬֳɼκûа취гԽġ
̰غնһ˴ڹ˾֮УֻһЩԼص֮һľϲȴҲ벻
ججĶȹһ磬صҵʱѾƣ̱ɳϣֻϧټķڲûκˡ
˽½һڿзŽʱҲʶĽһѰҡ
ԭƣڴ˿˲ͱǣں£ԼһҾһηɢ
Happy birthdayһͳ̲յ⣬ٵ˳֮Ҳ·ǹڽһ
۾ЦǳǳҲ˾һҪȥ
ǴܲõգЩΪСԱҲһҪúõֺһ²УֻܲδҲ̫æµ˰ɣԼնѾȴˡ
һ̲סһ٩Ȼ֪ƽʱæǻû뵽Լա
ͻľϲԭǿŸҲ˲ðǵЦҲʼԽ̡
˵ôͻȻ֮˺гˣԭȥ׼ˣȻĻΪʲôǰһһҽһӦ겻أ
̲סһȤŮ˳Աӣ;鶼泩˲١
ҵȻǵег̲ŻľȻʱԼﶼ׼ĵ⣬ԲǾԲܾܾ֪㲻ϲ̫Ķûзرǡ




500 һ
 

һ˾ڲǰǵ⣬ҲɳϿʼ׳Լ
һΪһʦȻǺƲƷйء
̲ΪȻ˵û̫ı죬ƽҲһЩ㻨ǮҲһݽΪµġ
ƵģһĿڵװһûпʼƣƳ˵ġ
һҲ˲ٵ鼮Ȼ֪ĳܶԴ󱦻һӰ죬ҲΪҪеŬȥô󱦾òûкĳɳ
ĿǸװ̲һʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôֻ޵ĸж
ȻһɵӣȻ֪ĸ֮Ϊʲôµʱᣬ˶Ͳϡˡ
֣ڵȻǮҲԼľһ۸ϲûƽʱʹõô󣬵Ҳҵһ⡣
̲ΪҲٵԼɲϣʱ϶Լĸ̫Ĳ
һ֮Ŀ֣ǲܸʲô鶼޵Ķ
ÿһҲڼУȥһƣֻ˼ȴʼһЩҡ
Ҳ֪ԼӦһЩʲôĿպ󶼲ټ̤ȥ
ƫƫԼʮֵϲˣͳһûõˡ
Ҫ»صƵ̨ϣҿ԰㣬Ψһһ취Խһ
诲֪ʲôʱ˹;վƺδɺԵۡ
ĮתͷԼĶվǶôһ̣ԼһԼ޷ѵľϡ
ԵĻϣʱܹٲԼڵ飬ҲڳԼıġ
ˣֻʵʵһЩԼ飬ڰ㱨ʲôģҲûκȤҴһϲˣֻϣܹԼ롣
һʱҲ˼˲ٵ¶еʱƽƽõҸ
ȻǾˣҲԼ˽ģ
û˽ĵĻΪʲôҪ뾡취ȥܺһأ
ٵҲ֪ʲô֮ҲԵ롣
ڵ˼ҪеĹϵ𣿵ҪһûУˣҲûı죿һγϮҲԼһ۵㣬Ҫ»صǸ̨ǲܵġ
һлֱ˵ˣοϣԲԼһӾɢ
ҡĵͷĿڴҲʹвȻ֪һҲ֪һ뿪ǰŮˣеҲһλعƽ
û취˺˵顣
Լǽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣôԸԼһֻĬĬŵСһ
Ǹ֪ҿǹӽҲκεϵϾͻңǶϣԼҪ飬˼˶ѾˣҪȥƻ˵ļͥˡ
ôһҲֱԼʰõȥɾĶҲ޵ʹ졣
̫̫Լڵ飬òܹˣΪʲôҪ̶֮зأ
ۿ뿪诵ҲûκεֻǾ֪ʲô
һȻԼĿģ˾ЩϹͷѾټȥ
̰غȻѾΣƾס˵죬ҲԼڹ˾֮нڽڸ
ΪһŮ֮ûа취е˳Ψһİ취Լ˾Ĺģ
̰غֻгΪ޼ҵŮʸ뵽˾֮нƹܡ
˶˵ĺô˿ǹ·Ͼ˶٣
ţɬҲԾ˳һֱɳϣȾһƬˮա
Ӧ޼ܳĴС㣬ƫƫΪЩνʧȥеĳ磬ֻһӲͷƤȥЩϹɶ
ÿһЩѾʧȥеĹʣӵеҲ޵İ
̰غգһУҲҪ취Ϊҵĵʯһһ϶ˣƻļͥΣֻҪܹҴﵽĿģҲǡ
ٵ֣е۲øɾ课ͷ·ǱһһҲû
ӶıѾıüӲޱȣʲôʸȥŮӲӵеʹأ
һе뷨ҲõʵΪԼĹң·ͼӹʱҲԵٶȡ




501 ͷ
 

ǴҶעһ£һβõǴ޵ĲϣһЩϸڷҲҪעһЩϵ⣬ҲһҪʵһЩϾЩҪȥġ
һΪϰȻӦһԲͣĽżලһε飬ͬСɾԲܳκεĲء
ˣһεľҲӦôһЩϲʿһ
˵еĵطƵƵһЩȻֺҲ˲в˶ȱҪĻʡ
ҲȥһԼġ
hһҪ취һεĻͣ׳󣬶ǵÿһλ˿ͣҲҪһ֪һһȥŪһӰģʱͰڴĶÿһλ˿һġ
һϵ˼ǣеϸҲѾﵽƵĸߴ
һÿһϸڶʮֵõֻ˾һЩ˼
Ҫ֪ƽĺһֻƷһЩ츳ʲôʱھӪⷽҲһˣ
̰غսոһ﹫˾Ա˵ڸ̾ϰΪʲôһ·
ƽһֱװĵģɽͻȻһװһֻصǰĴ
ˣϰĶӴŵҲͬһʽȥװ
ҲвٵͶȥĽ
˾˭֪ϰһһʦЩ·˼Ƶİɡ
ӹȻǿǿ֣ȻΪʲôĺӶ˵Խ
̲һϤԹ˾µҵһȷĻֻ֣Ҳм㲻ĵط
һԱڹʱעУʱῪСˣŪһЩרҵݡ
ڶŵ鳤ҲԼְ֮۸һЩˣûб⡣
˾дǿʳĶҲһЩҪ
̲ԼֵҲֱϱϰ壬ûԼС
ֻһͨͨԱûбҪߺš
̲ڹ˾ĻǲٰеⶼѾҳˣһҪסܹزҲѾǱȽ׵ˣǾԲȳԡ
̰غһͣĽѵ⣬ҲΪǷʲô
ֻԼ֪֮ϣպĹ֮пԸӵϽ
㽨ȻǺõģһ㶼ǲܱģרעȥй˶ʼһЩܲˡ
ڶְ֮ҲȽΪһЩ˸ոʱ򣬱Ҫһ
ЩжţǲЩϾһЩԱĽʽԲ׸ı䡣
ʳõ⣬Ҳȷдǿ
ģһ׻׻̻塣˿̵ĸӶ˾ǳһ˵֮䶼˾һЩӦ
һеĵӵļɺҲѸٵ˴ӡһӡ
ЩνĹ棬ҲǸӵĿġ
֮ǰ뷨ֻϧںòˣҲһҪȥҪ˲С
hǽеĶ鷳㵽ʱעһ£ù˿Լȥ򣬲ȻʱȥĽһˡ
Ϊһ˼ϸˣȻǱҪǵеϸ⡣
Ϊһ˽ǿȱȥһ
á
说ڹ˾֮Уһ˲ͿʼеĶ־
Ҳǰһÿ취ȥһ
ܣ˾ĺϾҪˣ㿴һûбҪǩҿһ£ټǩԼĻǹ˾һٷֵ㡣
һʱڣΪ˾ϰ壬Ҳ˲ٵĹΣÿﻹԸоǷȴԵķ˲١
ƾʲôΪһԵ޹ʵһٷֵ棬ҹ˾ôһֱڲͣĽŸһֱ֮෴ټǩԼȥӦһЩŶ԰ɡ
̰غղ˵ţûΪԷͻĻеκε𾪣Ԥϡ
ǩԼ鱾ǱȽϳģ֮ԻǩԼΪԱ˴˻һüֵ
ҲΪǩĹвҪĽ̸УſԼøӯ
ܣˣһֱڳʳҲнŸҪҹ˾ڻݻûа취Ǽø棬ôԼҲûбҪټǩȥ
ֱӽеĻһ֮ҲûֺãԸоĺ⡣
ûǣΪ˾˶ٵİۡ
ûǣΪܵ˶ĳ




502 ˺Ƥ
 

ȻҪԼûκεԼѾˣ˫⸶κεΥԼ𡣡
̰غҲú˼ƽϣֱӽ⡣
诽ͬ˿Ҳʮֵĸеһ
Ϊ˲Ӧðٰ㾯УΪǰջ׷ŮˣͻȻ֮ı䣬ʲôè塣
Ԥһ诲ûκεĲԣֻǾת뿪
ҪҲ̸Լ飬û뵽ôͽˡ
Ȼڲ⸶ΥԼҲԼôȻһá
ǰһֱ취˺Լ飬ֻΪ˻ȡİڿֱһ̫ɵľ
Է㣬ôܻᷴĽоܾأ
һص˾ľǻۼĲȺ
ͷĸף顣
úýӹܹ˾ÿһ쵽ʲô飿˵㶯ȥҳܣ̰غһʲôѵ֪𣿻Ҫʣ
鲻ͣĽһԼŮֻúɸ֣־ֻܹϥӣûа취һ̳Ҳҵ
诵Ҳ⣬СܵˣҲ;ϰΪˣûòˡ
׽ǰҪ˵ûʲôµĻҾȻԼİ칫ˣ㲻Ҫҹ˾ҵĸףԼôܻнյĳɾ͡
ƽƽĻ֮ҲŲٵвĸΪ︸ײŻԶҲǡ
˵һָľ޾ıѣĸһ죬˶ֹڶѾŮ˴˼С
ĸʲôʸԼк绽ľأ
诣㲻ҪΪҵŮҾͿ׵ˡ㣬ӽϼеְᣬҲûʸټֱڻʱһΪʵ˽糾͵ӣƺǸ·ɻ
֡Ӹһڣ˲˲˵ߣ诶ԼתƵǸ˵ϡ
һſھͽа֣һ˲ٵǮɣҪ˾գӻǷ˲ٵĹ
ǴҰСӣͿʼϵѲСȱٸĻô˾㶼ȥһ֣ȻʱԵûи
վ˫ֱ磬֮Ҳ޾ĳû뵽Ǹ׾Ȼ԰ز
žİ˲˵һ
ԼʹôҲ뵽˾Ȼйɶ֣Ϊһ·Ұ֡
ʲôʸңʲô˵ģҹ˾ģҲֻһģҪ췴𣿡
说һˣοЩЩѾõļ£Բ۸
ҵĶӣӣҲֻһǮʲôʸ̳й˾ӽҵĶӽΪҹ˾֮ĹɶҲܲãϣʱǮϽ뿪ҪϺȡ
һһٵ˵ţƺ¶Է̫Ҳÿһֶҧ׼
ȴһѾ˺ܾˣֻû뵽ŵõʵϥǽˡ
ʱһֱҲΪ󱻷˲ŵ诵ĸ뿪硣
Ҳû뵽Լ»һӣֻ֪ò׵֪飬ȻҪöڲС
Ķӻûκε
ķһߣҲ֪ʲô۵ҲԵĺ⡣
һѾԤıѾˣȻĻҪִȥ¶һЩ˰ɣǰ׼һУ½ջǱŪ˸ֲ
λɶҲǺʶһʱˣ뿪ҹ˾պҪȡһ棬¾һЩˡ
ĵ˵ţҲٵĽһݺԼ˳ǩһ޴ĵزļ
Ǹǣӽ޼ҺҲûκιעһҹ˾ҪһͶҲԹ⹫˾״ġ
诲˵ţ޳ָҲڲͣĽŰŪ
ǰѹ˾ĲƲһתƣתƵĲƲһԼĹ˾Ȼû
֮ȥҳ̰غΪľǿеĺԼʱ¹˾չһ
鲻ʲ壬ΪŮĵȻûбҪټ˼ӡ




503 
 

㡭޳ôҲû뵽ᷢչɽز
Уһֱһûκεı죬ӴһҪ󣬵ȻٵԪϣϾָͷġ
ЩϹɶ֮һֱڹ˾֮УҪѴ֮ԼһЩǮơ
֮һΪľǿԽ诱ߣȴû뵽СѾ˴㡣
֪㵽׻ʲôҪûʲôĻҾ뿪ˣȻѾڽаιܣôҲûбҪټȥ
ʼգһֱһڿԼĸף֮Ҳ޵ĺ⡣
ǰһֱΪôãҲ˼һ֮Ĺϵȴû뵽һҰ֮Ȳľ˹˾֮ǿƲ
ʲôϵأ˶һ֮ģο诡
λСܵܣ鷳Ժ󿴺ĸףȻһһθŪһܵãɵˣϳ˾ĸоһˬ޷ġ
ֱӵļҲ֪ʲô۾Ųٵڽ˸
ҲһһЩȻĻҲһҪʵʩ
Ȼ˾֮ҲѾŲ˲ٵǮƣһЩûдﵽ
ֻʾͻȻҲ»ָ˶־
ֻҪӰСʱʱ䣬ͿԼļƻﵽĵزȻҲ˻ҷ
֪λɶûȤȥҿĹ˾еĻҲ֪ҴһƽϵˣȻͰѻ˵׺ˡ
ٵĽǷļҲԼλãﲻͣذŪԼָ
֪ŪˣһʪҲڿٵĲţ·ո˼ۻĶһ
Ǹ˴ʼնվĬţܵ˼ί
ȻЩھ֪󵽵ʲô飬ôŪôһʺ׶ʲô
ѲһιçײˣûöԷʱҺϵһ
һֱ˰м诣ΪľǷֹʱ򹷼ǽֻһжڰƫĹ켣ȥš
ֹƵƫ룬Ҳ˾ԽĿ־塣
ҵĺøף鷳һ˼ҵʱһҪصһ㣬ҪÿһǰͣҡУȻҲô׵ķ֡
诵ҲֱӷеĶߣҲ֪һֱŰнżӣȴû뵽ô죬Ǹ˾ѾͲס¶˳
ҲãǰԼļƻ¶ˣȻʱҲ˵˳¶ġ
˵׳̰غղɹ·һϣֻſһоı䵽á
ҲûбҪټȥԷѾҰִ˾ˣҲ֤޼Ѿ
诽Լ׵ԼĹ˾У𽥲뵽֮Уҹ˾ϾҪչ˰ɡ
е˻ûноſڣӿһȺװˣΪ׵ǳ̰غա
벻ܣô֮˻ٴǵʼʱôӲʣû뵽ôȥ˻û
̰غղ˵ţѾ׼еļ
ҲͻһŪۣ֪ȥѡ⵽ô£
һжƿУΪʲôڻᷢôıʣ⣿
ѾͨһҪмӺǲǣǿɱ޼֮ҲռһĵλǽóȻжԿĻǡ
ļţԼ뷨ûʶ˿̵Ѿھ
ҵĺøˣ֮˵ĳɾͣΪҵĸףĸûˣΨһһ̳˾ңΪҲͬʲô³
֣ԵҲٵİļ˹ҲмؽļϣɢɢȫЩе֤ݡ
Ѿεĺܺˣܲĥ
ܾͰԼԸķûУڵѾǹ¾ս
ģҵĹ˾ϾҪȡˣȵԼ֮ʱһһʦȥ㹫˾н̸һĺͬ⡣
΢΢Цţ֮Ҳ޵峺
ҪͻȻӦ½ѾȺƵʣˡ
̰غȷʵһܺõĺ飬Ȼ˫ҪݻȻҪﵽ߲С
С㻹ǿˣֻǸȡ裬տǹ˾Ҫˡ




504 Ҫ
 

̰غջ˲˵ߣ֪˵ʲôɶһҪҪǵĹ˾أ
ҪĻԸ㣬ҲûκϾӽ쿪ʼҹ˾ƹܣֻǳҪһտǹ˾ʲôأҲֻһƤ
诹װһʲôӣΪľǿԻһڳˣȻҲΪöԷ׿˵Ҫҹ˾³
˰ɣƽʱõĶȽ϶࣬ҹ˾洢ٷ㲻ˣҵĹ˾ոϲʱҲԷչһ칫ܺñȸĳЩ˵һ䵱Ĺǽ
̰غȻûȷ˵˾˭˶֪˾顣
ôҲû뵽ԼıѾõļƻô׾ͱˣˣǰ̲κκôƲΣ
һʱ֮ҲǸӵĻңͷҲѾˮǣ֪ȥд
ܣ˵ʲô޼ҲŹ壬ôͻȻ֮ͱһտǹ˾ҪռһλãҲÿЦɡ
ϾһþսȻ֪пһжһıȻĻһҪ취Σ塣
ɲΪһˣô츳ҲԶùЩνϺꡣ
̰غⷬҲֻǲмЦţѶԷϣҲֻһСûбҪ⡣
诶԰ɣϣһεĺտǹ˾Ҳϣ˾չ֮պҲҪĹ˾֮
̰غһ仰Ҳֱ뿪ټͣȥöȻͱȽϤûκα»ҪԷƱ˼ֱǿЦ
ЦҲˣҪԼ˽Ӵ̨ϣҲһû츳Ȼϲ诣òϵŮ㹻ļıҲĳЩ泬ԽǸνĸס
鷳λ¿һ»ᣬϾ˾֮лһĹɷݹ˾ȻѾһտǵˣǰչ˾Ĺ涨ǼɶҪе档
诵ĸһǳˣƺԤһͰһжźˣûΪЩԼŮһĸ
һؼˣôҲвٵˣֻϧԼҲ˽ȥ
˾ĵһȷ涨պǹ˾ˣһɶȨЩСɶҪԼӦӵһеȨ
ЩҲȫںԼ֣ԼЩҪڸܣ֮ҪΪľǿԽЩ£ԼĹ˾֮С
ڹ˾Ȼвٵʽ𣬵ǲڹɶҲҪİһЩ˲Уڳ̰غվĹɶ֮һ
պҹ˾ҲһиĺѶԷ˹ɶʱҲ˼ٷֵ㣬һ˾˵һٷֵ㶼ԳΪŤתĹؼ
С㻹˵ЦˣȻĻҶѾǰ׼ˣӦðеĻ˵ףȻĹɶҲȨԼӵеһн㣬Ҳһ֮롣
Ϊһϼ޻ˣȻԼܵκε𺦣Ҳ˵ڶݵʱһϣô诵Ĺ˾֮Ͷһʽ
һַǰ⳥诵ĵһͶʷĹ˾֮УȻóͬǮһǿճһĻرġ
Ѿɵۣû뵽任زȴҲֻĽŹۿ
ڹ˾Ӫûκε츳˵Ů׬ȡһЩǮƣ˵һöʵӣԼӪ˾
ʱһֱæӵ飬Ҳչ˵£Ҳûע⵽˾ڲôı
λɶҪӵеһҹ˾Ĺɷݣûκˣĩһÿһһķֺ죬ͶʵıȣҲ֪ⷽһ츳
˵ţѾٿȫ֣ûΪһжеֻš
һȽϴˣҲΪſ׵ȥٿһС
¬ӿһĻ϶ˣպ˵ԣһöʵӡ
СȷʵǴֻЩ黹Ҫ㾡һݺԼǣϾڹ˾֮УͬҲһȽҪĴڡ
һλɶҲҴææ˵ţһЩڴ诵Ĺ˾ģȻһֱСɶԷ츳Ҳĥġ
鷳Ͻ뿪ҹ˾ûмǴĻѾչˣڸûбҪչͬϾ͵




505 
 

诵Ļ䣬̰غյѾͬ˹Ϊҹ˾һߣҲֱǩ֡
֮Ҫ£ɶģΪľǿԾ콫ҹ˾ȥȻ˵۸ûô󣬵ҲԼĹ˾ȡһʽ
վҲţһжģ˾ڵľӪһֱŰѿأܻͻȻ
ҿĸף˶ңѲͲǴ𣿡
ԼĿڣ߷ߵ˵ţвʣȴҲ÷̫Ƣ
һҪԼ»ص˾֮вУȻпܾͱŮӵϡ
ҵĺøףʱôû뵽һˣ鷳´˵ʱעһ㣬ϾҲһϰ壬ֻһ֮ʲôʸң
һ˵ţһ߽Լǰ׼õĺַͬλɶϣΪľǿԾ̸һε
ЩɶΨһ£취ǿԿԵǮʱȻͿԸ˾עһʸʵǮơ
һʱճ󣬻Ҫȥҳ̰غһһļƻ
ɷϵǣһʼȷҪǸԼĹ˾ǿʢȴû뵽ڿԷǰ׼õļʱĵȷǶҡˡ
һֱ֪滹һ˽ӣ֪˾еľãڽŲٿأҲ˵Ŭ˶νĸףҲΪ˲¶˾ġ
λɶΪûʲôĻ;ļǩ֣ûʲôĻһҪȥ׼һ¹˾Ĳʽʣµ͵ϵҵ˽һ֪
Ѿǩֵļ½½˻ҲԸټͣȥһ³̰غյĹ˾ǩ˺Э顣
еһжǷ곡ϷֻΪ֪һֱ˰и
еΣˣҲûбҪټȥ
鲻֪ԼŮʧԼҵ֮еģֻ֪ӦʱѾ˳ȥ
Ǹν˽ӣʼղκ죬˿ž;һҷϡ
»ص̰غյĹ˾ľϵļ
Ҵû뵽һҲĵȥ˽һЩ飬һҲԼ˽ģǰյҵĲԺһǸǱʲôҪ͵ģҲȥ
Ҳ˵ţûΪ֮ǰӰ쵽κ鿪ʼźõķչ
Ƿ޶˵ĸһܺãΪһε֮ĸˣôֻܺ˵㻹̫棬మΪκܵ
̰غյҲû̫⣬ֻҪ˿һһǿҵϲøС
ǩͬûʲôĻͿǩ֣֮ǰŵģ֮ڹ˾е涼С
һЩԸ⣬һ뵽Լٻһҹ˾;ûʲôˡ
ļ˹ٵĽһģڷûκǩԼ֣ŵԼҲ˾һЩ
ҷŪһƣСûʲôĻҲȥһʻĹ˾ڸոУҲҪһػС
̰غղһˣ滻һϢҲֵãȻҲԸԼķ֮һһ¡
ٵĵ˵ͷ诱Ҳֱ뿪кܶҪȥԲ׵ưոݣǸ˽һкˡ
֪ܿɷٰһ⣬һǸ˽ӵĸ׻һЩҵһ¡
Ȼ鷳ˣ뵽Ҳ̲סڡ
̰غȦҲСĴڣҲΪ˲ڽŰ
Ѿˣ˵Ǹ׵ҲޣúõһŮӾ̣ˣеϣûʲôĻͿԺúõȥһǸܵܣ˵󻹿԰㣬֪ԲС
ԼЩϣжʱҲһЩͣȻǺܺãǲһֵϽˡ
ֱ뿪û뵽һصпľǶſڵǸ˽ӡ
ڻһҸøϽеһж黹ȻʱҾͰϷͥթ
Ѿɵֻۣܹ뵽ľֻİ취
˾ȻԸŮ˵ģǲûȷļҪߵĻһӮһεʤġ
鷳֮ǰúõһ룬ҹ˾ĸ״ģʲô᣿




506 ٴμ
 

诵ҲЩϣûκεĵֵ˷֮ͥϣҲκεĳɹ֮ԡ
෴Աӵмֳɫò
պúõİװһ£˵ҲӮһСĳ
鷳úõĸһĶӣĸʶģ飬Ҫνĸơ
ҲԸѻ˵̫ףһ㲥Ҳ»ص˼Уǽŷ
Ǹν˽ӣʼղκε죬˾һưֻͣϧڽϺõ֮Ҳ޵̡
һֱ֪ĸ׺ʶģҲ֪Ϊʲôĸ׻ͻȻ֮䷢衣
ôʱһֱڲͣĽŵ飬ȴ鲻κεĽеĻҲѾˣŲòνĸס
ϣŮֱǵ˴ùˡվſڲͣĽҲٹԼνϡ
ͻȻƶ޷ܣνӣһøĴ
ڴڷ֮еҲںЩ飬ЩɶҲ½ĵ˾ȥмϣȵǸʱҲӦٿһɶᡣ
ڴҲȷбҪϾ˾ոУҲҪŪһѺõ㡣
һɷ칫ǸŮӣ˷һҪ̸һ´Ƶ飬Ҫ
诲ͨǸ绰˵ţ֮ҲЩҡ
һʼԼĳɹˣҲ˵ѡ
̰غյҲǣһܹеһж߻һļҾ죬ҲһҸ
һԼͨ¼Ҳ΢һЩǣǸŮ˲취Ҫڸʲô
С㣬ʲôڵ绰˵ҪôҲᣬȻԸ˵һЩ໰ǲҲԼƢ
˵ţһҲ΢һЩŭ
Ǻϲˣ֮ǰҲװ޶á
Сˣ֮ǰһʱȻͣһɷҲҵĶˣҹ˾ҲʽĲ뵽˺֮УûбҪڲƭ㡣
诵ҲżϾԼ֮ǰȷһЩ졣
ϸ˵Ǹ˵мֱ£ȡһڼС
ȻĻֱҵĵڰɣȽæһڼӡЩ޵
ĿһϵʱϾҪ˺һҲһڵԵġ
ȻϲˣǱϵҪҪάһЩ
Ҷϵ绰ҲٵǼҵ̣ľĿ·òϵŮ˵ȷһЩˮ׼
̫̫һ˼ϸƵ·ҲǵһЩ̰塣
һţһ˵ѧ˿ûаԼһ㣬ҲĶˡ
֮ǰΪһ䲻Ǹˣϸһ룬ˡ
С㻹˵Цˣʲôֱ˵Ϊ˴Ҳֱ˵飬ûбҪŪһЩ湦򣬻˵һЩֱһЩҵ뷨
һŮ˵Ҳӵ˼£˿˶һЩˬ
ƫƫһ诿ȴһεѹȡ
һССʦ˵ĶҲóȷʵǲһ㡣
ȻĻҲټ˵ȥҾһЩȫͶ뵽Ĵ֮УҲ£ΨһҪǵʱŪһᡣ
课ʨӴ󿪿һֱӽԼ˵˳ҪǴƱŪһС
ȻʱĪȥһѵĶҲ˼һɡ
ŶѲСⷽ滹оȻȥޣΪһεľҲһᵽһݽû´ĻΪԼĹ˾˰ɣ
һĺôǲùĨǣֻҪĽһ;Ϳס
С㻹˵Цˣ˴֮䶼Ҫһ棬ҲΪΪʲôҪȥμⳡأ˵ҲֻǸȡ裬ЩɱҲ׬һ㲻𣿡
ҵľˣ˵Ҳһķִ磬Ͷ࣬˵ҲֻΪһìܡ
ãȻСҪȥһЩ£Ȼûа취ȥоܾɷҲӦøһĽ͡
һǲ׷ЩģɼԷ˿϶Ҳټװȥ
̰غϵȷǽΪæµҲȥѯʣһһλˡ
ֻǼڲìܣҿѾϳȥˡ




507 £
 

˵ôС㻹Ӧ֪ͼҪʱһЩôС̣ϾеʱҲԼƽȥ
ĮؽŻӦһ˿ûΪЩоκεĻ˷ܣԼɷһȵˡ
ǰһֱΪ̰غĳЩһЩɣû뵽Ҳϧ֮׵档
ûʲôĻҾˣСڴƵʱֱӰ뺯ңʣµ齫гﱸ
˵뿪ȴͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬תӣԼĿԸоǷݿ
ȻΪ˺˶뿪ˣǰ˰ﵽףȻ˵һأô취ٰһѡ
ȷʵһ˲ţѾ飬ҲѾʶԼĴҲϣСܹЯһѣҪһ˲žʹ𡣡
˵Ҳֱ뿪ټͣȥһﳵǰ˱ˣ˵ǰԼ
Ȼûʲô£ĳЩȷֵأΪ˴ԼĿĶֶΡ
»صʱǸ뿪ȴû뵽ָշŰ֣ͱһɾ޴ǽϡ
ʦҵĸ׵ô£˵ˣҲҪǸ˵ѣô˾һһ
дԵôԸУֻϧʱɲĹؼ
һֻûצӵèʵϵһֻǡ
ӴһΪ˭أԭνĵܵΪ׽㣬ҿҪúõķȰһ䣬ҽʲô⣬еܶʧʱĸǰˡ
诵Ҳż֮ǵ٩׵ľͰе̶ôͥȥŰѿأΪһĺˣԲᱻκвصʱ
һĴˣЩ˸ʱƱҪĹؼ
ɶˣ㸡ֳһľ£ʱͻᱻ˼̤ڽ޷
ʹǧҲԲᱻ˼̤ڽ¸᳼
ʲôϵάסԼǷݹ°
㡭ЩˣȴѾɿˣϢĸоҲʧ
ζĿԼܵܣ֮ҲȤ
һӻأֻϧǸצӻһĵִ
õܵ߰ɣһĻҿûκιϵҲֻһ˵Ĵڣպҵԣúõĺһ¸顣
һѽƿֱӽŴ˿קֱ˽ȥɾĶҲЩİ
Ϊ޼ҵǧ𣬴Сڸ涼棬ѧɢҲһǸ߹Ĵڡ
ˮʱЩҲźҺųֻϧһ̲˷Ҫһʵ
鷳ҵô¡ԭڷͻȻ޹ǵģڵϣ˫ͨ졣
ֻ֮ĸԣһʼʱĸԶº͵״ֱ̬𽥿ʼݵı꣬ǵ˾񲡡
ȻԼ˸Ĺ⡣
ĸףĸˣҲֻΥĸ׵Ը
ĻҲԸټ˵ȥ˲飬˵˳Ҳֻñ˴˹ϵΡ
ȻһĵŮҲʲô˵ʲô˵
ǣмķһߣкƺ֪һһв⡣
˵һʼ֪ЩأֻǲȷѾȥе飬ֻϧЩͷ·˿ĨһԶһ޷⿪Ȼ⿪ˣôеĽҲԷ£ǸҾԲġ
˵վӿȥǷݰҲڶݵƬڻع飬ֻǺ˫֮УȴԵɱ⡣
벻Ҳһˣϣ㲻ҪԼڵ°ɡ
ǸԶȥӰҲֻܷһε̾ϢҲǿٵĽԼ¹Ϸ
ɣ˾һҪеʱôûԼһⱨӦ
һھƵ֮УͣĺСԻһŮӡ
벻ôҵˣƽûҵҲһЩ
һ˵ţһתԼߡ
ôһֱԼһЩŮչԼֻû뵽ĵҲ
˵ЦˣӿʼڲΪĿٲ⣬˵պЩѡ
Ů˵һЩŭԭſȥӻȴû뵽֪Ѿˡ
ⲻҲȲѲŻһμˡ
ǾͿǷˣҲ֪岻Ǻܺã




508 ɱ
 

ԹԵһλãһϢ
һһʵչˡ
ǸŮأʼʱŤ󣬵ҲΪ
޴촫Ҳ˵Ķ˲ֹͣ
ԭڵ˲ͱһС˿˶ÿЦ
ſڵ˾ͬһվڴ߿֮ҲԵ
ⲻҵĺøѾƲˣԼţѲǾñ˶޴𣿻˵ƭһ¡
˵Ȼ󣬵ȴŮ˸ԭһЩܵף˲Ϳʼÿֲ
ƲˣѲпͻȻ᣿
Ʋ˻ҪӻȻ֪Լء
ԼЩҵŮҲٵóԼĸ߸ЬϽһô򡭡
㡭Լʹѵ壬Ҫ˵ЩʲôȴڽյǸеĻҲֻʻضӡ
֮еֺҲûа취εġ
ھԲ˺ƤΨһеľֻ׳պҲܸһЩټȥԼˡ
ҵĺöӣǸʲôҲ֪һЩãǸոǸҵģҲ֪㸸Щһֱ˼ĸףκйӴ
˵ҲڲͣźĽڣǽ۾ҲڲͣĽתơ
ԭһĻҸ׻һȽҳϵˣȻĻȥҵĸ׺ˣǵ֮ǰĸһֱ߶֣Ļ˻һԧ졣
һ仰ĹҲ˲ٵָҺҲ˾ñк䡣
ЩҲһֱоΪľǿԾĸ׵帴ԭЩҲʵõģע˽ȥҲͷ˰ɡ
㵽ҪʲôҪɱңȰ㲻ҪϴûңպҪӵһжѣҪȥӵһıȰΡ
Է͸¶ɱҲԸټαװȥֻܶݺݵĽв
Ȼ֪׷ʲôԼԸоǸйء
ؼʱκ⣬һϸ˺
Ǹ㣬㲢ҵĸףҺҲûκѪԵϵЦɣΪһûκιϵʧȥУ㣬ĸôܻᱻŪǸģΪһп׵𣿡
˵ţϵܾע뵽ڣۿҺ𽥵עԼѪ֮Уȴκεķ
֪ΪʲôȲļҲѸٵĽήۿɼٶҲԿóǷݿ־塣
˸㣬ҲһҽôҲоŸָķΪ㻹ܼ׵ˣôҪܾĥѲУ漣ҪǿֻǻÿһۿԼļή
һ˵ţһ߼ʼע䡣
˿̵ѾŻˣȥٴʱѾ֮С
ɣ˵пȥһЩ˰񣬲ˣŹ˵ҲӦ÷ˣе֤ݶΪ㻹ʲôƱ𣿡
ôеķ֤ݣ֮ǰǮҲڿĽأһѵһж׵ı¶ˡ
һڹݺңһ㿴ҵļҲڲͣĽήǸϸɵģҹ
Ľţһһûκεǣ˿Ѿʧȥе뷨
ԲΣպҪϽŽһƹܣʱԼĿģôΣ
Ȱ㲻ҪټˣһԶŮѾָĴ󣬶ҲΪ㻹ʲôѵɺͽ𣿡
ǰ»һļɵڲһ
е֤ݶǰڻҪѣǿЦ
ԭڴ˿̻ΪУҲǻںޡ
ôҲû뵽ԼĶŮУˣԼպһжһ
ҲġһкҲǱģ֮вͣĽҽ֮УҲϳ˾񲡡
벻㾹Ȼ˺ģҪϾ֮ǰչ˹ˣͱ㺦ӣĸ𣿡
̲סһѯʣȴûκεη壬෴һеĴһЩˡ
ý㣬ΪЩֻΪԼĸҲܺߣһһǰ㱨˳˵㻹Ƿһ顣




509 Ǹ
 

ô˵ĻһҪлˣСû˸߹㣬˵ĻһҪһЩˣô˵ҲѾˣӦýһ
ֻǾĿԼǰˣ˿ûκοֻţǵЦҲʼԽζ
Ҫһνĵܾܹܵ顣
NononoҺûκεݿԣˣһĻҪ׷㣬ҲһȽϼ򵥵¶ɡ
˲Ųæ˵ţҲٵһԼЩҵ·
ԭΪЩνһûõḶ́ڿҲһ¡
ǶȽϸȤء
ŶܵܣҶСƨûκεȤ鷳·ÿû˵һ仰кù·𣿡
ΪһŮˣ֪ܹöԷ׵ŭȴֲҶ֡
Ծĵɴ˫ۣôҲԼһСƨˡ
ζµ˵ţҲ뿪ȴعͷסҿɲгܵܣĪãһμ棬ϣʱ˵ĹϵҲԽһȻҲΪҵӡ
Īÿٵİ˰Ҳֱ뿪ûκε
Ů˵ǲֻûȥǸ飬ղҲֻǸһ¡
ShortǸԶȥıӰ诵ҲǸӵĸӡ
ֲԾĸԼĿڵλãҲʮֻԾ
⵽ôˣȻǸСƨ˻
ǵ̫ˣŻ顣
һߺһҲڲͣľٰŴ飬Ȼȫڳﱸ֮С
˶סһҪһεﵽĳ̶ȣˣǵƷҲҪŵÿһ˵УסԲҪκε⣬Ҫκ覴á
վﲻͣؽỴ̂һͻȻԼһԹһŸָĻһεĴƵȷǱȽҪһǿ԰ˣһҲһȡ
ϰǲǾȽˣҪȥϢһ°ɣϾԽԽˣʲô飬Ҳûа취ͳܽ
hٵĴ˹̲ס˵ţ֮ҲԵĵǣЩȷǱȽϸӣһҲѾܳʱûϢˡ
ˮֱ˹һںһֻԼɤӶҪð̶ˣһ뵽Щ·Եĸˡ
ûʲôһܹ֣οҽ˵ҶʱҲܹʱ򷽱һЩѾǶ̥ˣȻһľ飬ԲԼ忪Ц
ǣǿĳǣݹģһҲ֪˵Щʲô
ԷǺĺ⣬Ȼ֪ģֻеʱһЩģһЩ
ǰܾù񣬲ûκε⣬ᵽˣһЩɬˡ
ȻĻǺðɣȺúõϢһ£ʣµƹܣĳƷҶѾˣûκ⣬·棬ߵĲϿԺܺõȥһЩҺҲ·κӰ졣
hԼոյļ˻㱨Ҳֱӽӹļùǩ֡
Ȼ̲ŸոտҵҲֻһεʱ䣬õڵӪҵߴ˺üٷֵ㡣
Լúһжжôǿ
ڲ˵ЩʱһҪסĳЩһҪѹأǾȫŪɰɫĳTÿһ·ӡɫǳɫϵУɫ࣬ǳɫҲÿס
һ͹£Ҳ̲סһѡ
һʼʱȷֻǵ·Уϸһ룬ɫϵҲһҪһ
áhӦҲٵȥһ֪ЩҲѾڳһ
̰غԭҪڹ˾֮д飬ԼĶһֱæµҲԸټֱȥ̽ࡣ
Դ쿪ҵչ֮ûȥԼſĵ̣ȥһҲӦõġ
ôû뵽һ߽ȥľԼͦŴﲻͣĽָӣָϣһ
ôˣǲǲĻȥҽԺˣҪôƴ˵ƽʲôأһӳʲôô죬ĵľ⡣
̰غմҴææĽ˱ֱӷϣҲǸӵĻҡ
ܲˣûкһӸӣܲպû顣
ʲôأûʲô飬ֻǶ̫ˣжһЩ㣬ĻܹһЩҲڹ˾úæµôˣе鶼Ҷһϸĸס
һ첻ĽűԹ֮ҲԵİԹ




510 
 

ʲôأǶӵĹȷʮǿӲҶ˵ĺӣҲѾ鶼ˣʣµĸûʲôҪæ
̰غտٵĽһͣҲΪЩҵķ˿Ǻһĳϡ
һͷʮ˳ԼĿŵϴˮζ
ôͻȻˣ㻹ûиΪ˾鲻̫æ𣿻˵ڣµʱҸͷһƬԭ
̲סЦеƣҲһɨ
ⲻǵҲȷǱȽæҶѾ׼ˣҲ԰ڵĽȣ¾ͿԽУ
ΪһˣԶеﵽߵ㣬ҿԺܺõȥһ
˵ЩҲ֪ҾǺµϳһ⣬Ҳ֪һƣҪľЩᵽ㹻ů
һ˵ţҲ΢һЩǡ
ǰһźܴҲΪ˲ź£ʱû˻
ģˮ׼Ҳķ˿ο㻹һ˧ϹȻκ⡣
̰غҲ˶ԷĵǣҲٵĽһο
диȽ׽ǣҲΪ˲Żòǰ֢ΪɷҲӦúܺõȥаУȻԼӳκ⡣
̰غգǲ֮ǰ˺ܶǰ飬ȻΪʲôܹܺõȥӦԣҵĻأģҾԲòǰ֢˼ˣĲҸоҵˡ
̲סЦůʱҲǸӵĿġ
ǰûԼһһˣҲʱƶһһļ
Ȼˣţʲô飬ҵȻˡԼҲһҪſԼ̬ǧҪΪЩǣҪΪЩżɽǰ·żҲκεĸı䣬úõķһԼ̬ʱвһķ
̰غղͣؽŰԭЩ˲ͿʼѹŵҲѾõ˻⡣
һòϵǣ˾ͬһһܹܺõȥƽеķ꣬ҿؼʱһؼԵľá
֪֮е鶼ѾЩƷҲѾ½½ڴҲѾʽʼ
ΪеԵʣһŵҲǽΪɵ·ɼˣҲǽϺõġ
ܸ˴ܹһμһεĴ磬Ҳ֪ҲֻһССʦûκεأڴһҪǳлҸһӡ
վ̨ϲŲæ˵ţһҲɵļԦе
ǰ϶ΪЩһЩңڲ̨ͬվŵںˣȻеķա
һҲԼ˽ģҲ֪ոտһԼĵ̣Ҫ˻ø˼ʶƵƷƣҲϣƵĶܹôҵ
һеĻҲõ˴ҵϿɣϾÿһ綼һ˵ĿģЩ׬ǮҲԾЩҪˡ
õ˴ҵһϿɺ󣬺һҲʽʼڳ͸ҲȫֵĳʦÿһҲġ
课;ڽƷƣƷ˿ûΪЩ
µĹ˾ҲʽĽ뵽˳ﱸ֮УҲ£ʱ
ʱóȻǰȥһ²һõ飬ȴŶԷڨ
Сһ˴ڽǸѲ˼Լ𣿻Ǿڽһ
Īò֪ʲôʱѾ˹еĺҲڲͣĽҡΣ޵ɫҲڱһЩۼ
ⲻҵĺõܵôҲμĵᣬѲǾúõ̸һֻ˵￴һЩŹСһûԼǵѡ
诵ҲûκλңֻǵݵĽӦԣǰʱ鶼ѾȥˣûбҪ⡣
ѲС˵Ļ˲ûκѪԵϵҾԳΪҵӣڵҵһ룬ûκʸ񷴶ԣûбҪȥһЩĽΪҾһѡ
һѽӿ뵽ԼĻУĪò˵˵ţһ˿ûע⵽ӵĿ⡣
ůĻ֮Уֵıôһ˲䣬课ȻԼҪ٣ҲֻƬ̱Ѿָѣһѽƿ




511 ĳͷ
 

ܵȱŮˣôŹʱҲԿȥѰңҪ㿪Цοһ㶼ϤΪΪʲôҪһѲɾΪҸ׵Ķ𣿡
ݵĽӦԣָǵֿʼݵģɼ˲ᣬȻŮ˸ָȤ
ҵĺý㣬ΪվһŹĹӸӽ㣬Ϊ£ΪԸոҲҪһůĻ
ĪôʼնȨذѿеľ档
ҪľЧονĽȷһ
ҶԽûκȤ鷳Сܵ㻹ǸϽĴţҹҪ̸ģûȤִʱĻһúõĸһѵ
˵űһƿתҪ뿪ȴ߬
󴦴ʹҪΪһһõξˡ
Ҫһáͷ˵ḷ̌ҲʹУǻ֮Ҳ˲һѪȵζ
ٴλعʱ뿪ϵĿҲѾټʵѪҺ
ҡҡͷͼЩе˦ɲ֪ΪʲôҲǸӵã
ô£ôͺǸܵܳһϵһ˽ӣǴӺζ
ҪĻԼǳΪһõĹߣԲòһжѾ뵽֮Уôټȥ
Ī뿪ҲѸٵķȥ˹⡣
ôΪĸ׵ԵʣҲһֱоһЩҩɼⷽҲһƿһһЩ⣬ûа취ܺõĽ
ͻȻյϢҲǴҴææĸǵһۿľݵĽ㡣
Ȼһʼ֪˲ûκѪԵϵŶǸŮ࿴Һڲ֪֮лԼĽ˳ȥ
ϸһ룬ӵһƢСӵҲպҲʮȤ
ֻϧǸŮзһ׳գûмʶݸ󣬲ûϵȵڵ鴦֮ҲһֱһճƤһסǸ㡣
诣ڿϰôһ˴ϵôˣԸҧ죬㻹һ׳ա
һٵ˹к֮ҲԵȤ
Ȼ֮ǰǵˣҲѾΪѣ϶һܱȶһ÷һЩ
С㣬ҪΪڲǵˣҽһ˿ɲѡ
诲Ųæ˵ţͻȻǰŮ˺Ȥֻϧ˳ΪѣϾԷںҲźܴ⡣
Դ˿ʼһ̾ѾΪѣһĻһûУأôίһԼΪѺˣߣȥһЩںҵɷȻһҪǿС
ǣֱӿٵȥЩ诲֪Լһͨģֻ֪ҲѾ˸ָƬ
벻Ϊ̫̫㵹һЩ죬㲻֪ҹ˾ҲǴڵж״̬һֱڲͣĽŷչʱϹûа취ȥӪ˾ô죿
΢΢ɵĽһѯʣ;һЩȤ
̰غھӪ˾һţҪ׳ԽǲܵģȻԺվͬһ߶ȣҲʼһЩѡ
ΪҲ㲻ܳο˾֮иǿĴڣҲԴ̼񾭣ҲܹгĶ־ȥзܶ
һȻ˽ԼͬǸˣ˽Ļôһֱߵڡ
̰غǰһ˾֮Ҳ͹ȣҲŹ˾Ʋ⣬ɲһȫѾˡ
˵Ǵ˵һྡ˭ܱ֤Լһ㹻ˣȥŬôֻܸ㣬ȷʵǵùģΪ㲻гɹ츳
˵׻Ϊһ̫̫ԲŻⷽ˳˳ˮģȻ֮ǰϲ㣬ڵȷǾ㡣
Ů֮ĻԶǺܼ򵥣ΪһֻΪһ΢ӣնǶ˳Ϊѡ
һһҲ½ύһѣһǲӡ
ϣһ˸ոռӵĺѣҲڲͣķһЩı
һҪֻз䣬岻Ǻܺãһ׼裬һҪչ˺ԼС




512 
 

ðɣ֪ˣʲôʱ㿪ʼһˆµټȥպһЩˡ
װһίͰ͵ӣһ֮Ҳ޵Ŀ˿˶һЩۡ
̰غΪһѾϰߵˣѾⷽûκεУƫƫԼĶӻϵ
ڶﻹһӣô۸ǵĸأԺ˺裬ǧҪֺӣΪԼûб¡
̲һ߿еiPadһ˵ţ֮ҲԵָ
Щ˵ϵһЩȤģոϵ֪ǳ̰غյĶЩҲ׷׵ԼɻĲ߻顣
ֻϧЩ߻ûоķ򣬶ĳЩ滹Ŵ⡣
ǿˣҲĴڣԶǹϵغãֻܱ
װһίͰ͵ģ̰غҲеעתƵǰĵ·档
һصУЬѾſڰڷ롣
ˣҽ诽˸ѣҾŮӲûһʼôˣʼȷһЩˡ
һɳҲ̲סԼļ⣬ܾŮĺܲɣ
ھӪԼĹ˾ĸҲѾܵһĳɼֻϧһ¿ˣ˽Ҳһ£Ȼƽ￴Űģǵȷһĵˡ
ٵķԼļ⣬̰غҲԼ˵κ⣬˲κε˼Ҳرء
˵ĵҲûΪ֮ǰ飬ܾԼһԲס˼ңˣպϵĻ˵ɣǸνĵܵôˣ
飬һҲæѯʣһܵܣôҲһúϧûѪԵϵҲûʲô̫⣬һˡ
ûκѪԵϵҾ֪Ǹ˻Ҫ׷诣ܹһҲһ£ǸܵҽѧһЩɾ͡
̰غѾеһеڻشʱҲӦ硣
Īôڹ֮УڴϣԺ֮ҲһӰ֪Ϊʲô;˼ʼһЩ㱡
ǰ˯֮ǰһЩ뷨ڲֻͬһЩνʵȥһԼеŮ˵ôˡ
MichaelҵһԵʲôˣгֵĻһҪһʱҡ
ĪóԼֻһԸ뵽ЩоͿʼԽķꡣ
ԭѾ׼ϢMichaelⷬҲ˲ʧȥеȤֻһʲô
ô£㲻ҪϲǸŮˣ˵ʼʱֻҪ𣿡
ٵĽһѯʣ뵽պһˣMichaelֻëȻϾǸԼ˵Ů
ģҵķִ磬ô˻úõϢʲôһΪ㣬е˱뵽ҵϡ
Ī˵ҴææعҶ˵绰˿MichaelκΰԵķΧ
MichaelôʱѣȻ֪Ǹһʲôͻٸʵ׶ԻǾһõĽѡ
գ诸һ﹫˾㿴Լ顣
벻ôˣҵ֮ҲûΪѧȻҵ飬㻹һȽ˽׵ˡ
̲סЦ诿ǰҲһЩϤ
ѺΪָԵʶֿˣһμʱ򣬵ֹסиС
û취ڵ鲻ǺܺãϰҲ̵һ£Ͼÿһϰ嶼ʮֵ۴Ůһɾʮ㡣
ֱӿЦ֮Ҳ޵͡
ѡ·ͻȻ뿪Ѿһ˰ɣǷݳѾõĸҲκεĵ֪
ңס˴ڹ˾֮Ҳκε׽ԣϾڹ˾˽ǻǺܺõͬѧʱĻҲһͬѧۻᣬʱŮһɡ
诼򵥵˵Ҳֱӽ͵²
˾Ȼո𲽣ڸ涼ųƣЩԱҲȫǰϵġ
ģһֱоһ¹ڵĽڷ棬ⷽźܴͻƳɾͣûʲôĻǿⷽзչҲȽϷǿԽС
ҸһĹ˾ѾһķڽڽȷŸָ⡣
ȲչЩⷽҲźܶĺҪľǸϽͷЩ깤ЩҲ˵Ҳ֪Ҳ֪Ǹô




513 
 

诼򵥵ĽһԸҲûȷ˵ҪǺܺá
ҵȷԼԵһһЩˡ
벻ǰÿշģڴҲףһЩĿ࿴ˣֻǲ֪ʲôôɱ䣬㲻Ҫ޼ҵĴС㡣
칫Զ̸Щ£֮ҲЩľ
ʱδʲôӣҲ޵㽣ᵽδžó˿ɬ
ɲҪټȤˣҲֻǾ̬ŻнķˮպһҪչء
΢΢֮ҲԵĿ
ϰҪľǱֺĹϵȻʱҲӰ쵽
ƺͻȻ뵽ʲô˵ɫҲԵһЩ̬
Ҳ֪ǸνĵܵھںδѾȴаɡ
ֲԾĸԼĴƺζ
ûʲôʱ飬ϾͶѾˣҲѾ˸ýͣûϲˡ
ٴѯһЩ޹ؽҪ飬ʵȴڴ̽Ϣ
ǮŮӴ̫ź֮ԻлҲΪȴ֮ǰЩȱ
ڵңڸûκεʱȥЩһԼʵ
ʵĽŸ֪ҲûκҪ˼
ڵȷǲ뿼Щνĸ飬Ͼеʱжˣ˵˼·ҲԵ쳣ãȻ
ɲϣԼΪһææµµˡ
ȻĻǺðɣԭΪӦýܼӵܣû뵽㾹Ȼܾˡ
ɫȻû̫ĲжҲǸ˵ģڲ˿ɳ֮
ӽҵˣϣʱܹΪĬĴվֱҲʽĿʼ˽һĹ
Michael.Ҳһֱڲͣؽŵ飬ôҲһȻˡ
ĪãǷһ飬ǸԳһ֪취һ׷󣬿һεУҲһС档
ŵ绰յ˵ţMichael˿ûʶ绰һͷѹѾõա
ɲΪһ˻ΪһССӹ
Ҷ˺ķɻߵ鶼Ѿˣٲȥͱǽ𡣡
˵ţ֮ҲЩĵ⡣
û뵽һĹѾ˻ʹߣպҲһҪ˷Լ߲С
ιιιҸ㣬ǧҪԼоôѪΪһŮֵ𣿡
MichaelҲѾʶԣҲ̲סѯš
ɲΪǸΪһŮ˾ͿԷһС
ΣоѾһԶ̲ٿҲûκ⣬˵ˣеоĿͳɹȫ֪һдĻһš
ĪζؽŻӦ˿ûΪκεĿֻš
ĵľڽ֮Уᷢıʡ
读һСѾͷȥ֮ҲһҪúõĽһ²С
һԼĵ֮УҲ֪ʲô΢һЩ͡
˵ĵȷûȻⷽҲһı졣
˷ʥͣ޹ܲΪһ˵ĳɳ
ڸý֮ȫб£Լĵ֮У᲻һЩӰ죿
֮£ٷϮ¼
ڵȫѾ뵽ʽӪ֮Уһη漰й©⣬пܾӰ쵽ŵ
hǵĵ̹ΪĵľܸĵԼ֮ǰֻϰߡ
һǵ˵ţ˵üͷҲԾ
еʱҲһ
ϰ㲻ҪЩˣòܹϢһ£ͺúõһƬ̵ˣ֮ǰҲܣԼѡĸûκȥУǿ¸Էһᣬôû᲻ܡ
ںһߵʱ䳤ˣҲ˽Ů˵·еʱҲᱻ˺
Ҳô˵ҾΪӦøÿһһᣬ֮ǰȻ˴£ĻڸģҲڹ֮иһְλ
Ϊ˺Լһ˼⣬ԭǳѵĺһ˲ͻָʼ
ʱ˵ɣ԰нһ۲죬ҪǵİԮ֣ҪĻͲҪİȻʱҲԷķС




514 ָɷ
 

ˣٺúõĿɣ˵ĵȷûҲ˵ŬЦ
һǵ˵ͷ
h˵ĵȷûеһҲĻڸģ˶˵ŬʱһЩƫˡ
ڳÿһΪ׵ģ⼸֮УÿһҲǾľȥЩƷѾƣˣڲͣŬš
һԥһҲ绰һ诡
֮һЩӴĿԽ˴뵽ԼĹҲһ¡
诣ôΪ֮ǰ飬֮ҶһЩ˼ɵģҲ̸֪ոտҵٷ飬Ե̵ӰҲǺܺá
һҲûκڱֱֲ⡣
һĨǵˣοϾԲѶϡ
ҵΣҪľƷ⣬һεҲǶƷһӰ졣
Ҫ˵ʵʵĺ֮ܲǰһĸмȥ˺㣬Ը飬Ϊһ˻˼𣿡
ʵĽŸ֪˿ûκҪ˼
֮ǰҲһ취ƻ˵Ĺϵڲͬ
ȻѾˣôӦ߲嵶Уܻ˺
˵ĵȷǺܺõһˣ֮ǰϾһӰ죬ˣ뿼Щˣϵһ¶ԷɣԸңôҲûκһҪ˵ãԲһεˡ
һһᣬҲȷ
֮ǰԷƷȷһĸԻֻϧԼǰ̡
áҲŤֱӾʹӦˣٹҶϵ绰ҲѸٵϵ
һϢҪ㣬һҪƸȥĵǹȻһʦ룬㿴㾿ôģԸ⣬ôҾм䵱һнһ¡
һߴϵļһ˵Ҳ΢һЩꡣ
ովӪһҹ˾ÿٵľǸָļЩɶҲ·ڿĽŹ۲һ
֮ǰһľӪ룬Ҳš
СʱĹɶҲһҪʽٿУֻǵʱɶҲһҪһķֺܽл֡
ллС㣬ҲûǸ㣬ҲѾԼϲĶ˵ʵҵһʼ̤ȥģֻǲҸĸʧ
ٵصлҲֱӽ̸
ǰ϶޷˵ĴӦڲͬѾҵԼȤڡ
ܹõԼҪĶҲһ¡
ԷѾ˳ľҲټԤ
պʲôҪҰæĵط˵޷ܹһæҲϣ㲻ҪԼڵ¶ˡ
诶һҲֱӹҶ˵绰ľǿϵҡ
վʲô
ΪһӦȽǿˣȻڹҲҪ
˾֮е˲֪ʶȻĻҲûбҪ
ģɶϾҪٿˣ֪ЩϹɶɲû֮еôöԸһһҪСһ㡣
һ߿еϣһ߽ű棬ոȷͳƹÿһռеĹɷݡ
ĻҪһЩ
ɶı㶼Ѿ˰ɣ˵ҿ˽һǧ򡣡
诲˵ţ˿ûΪЩǮеκεĲá
ڹɶ֮пǱ¶ԶǳĿȥ۲ӵеһС
㶼֪ԭΪʲôûպȷԺܺõȥӪ˾
̲סһޣҲԵ̾
ңɶҲԵЦݡ
λָɷҺܻӭǳ˵ǰ棬ÿһ˵ĹɷݶѾȥ֮ǰ̰ġ
ֱӰеĶͶĻԭĹɷҲʼһĸı
ҵİŲͿֱ˵ҲǿҲ֪뿪˻жٵĿ𡣡
ֱӸһҲٵĽԼַÿһϡ
诣㻹ǿˣǺ㶼ʶһɷôǵĽ黹ڡ
еһȿڣ֮Ҳֺá
ɷһûϵԺҪ취׬ǷֿˣкܴĿ
ˣȻԼκεĿ
λôûʲôĻǩְɣȻһǿչǵġ
ЦţЦĿκ˼˾һûκ۵ɵӡ




515 ħ
 

ãûκε
ԭҪּۻ۵ĹɶڷЩļ֮ҲѸٵǩ֣µľԼһ涼ȡ
λҲңϾҲǸողſʼӪһԼĹ˾ĳЩҲȷҪ
ЦţЦҲԵеС
ҾһԹۿţЩǩźͬҲϸ˭һЩС
λɶѺͬǩͿֱȡԼӦĹɷݣǳ˵ǰ棬ٸһЩСôЩɷҲᰴг۵İٷ֮ʮлա
ҽļջҲٵĽ˸֪Ҳֱ뿪ԸٺЩദȥ
һЩϹͷѣѾڿˣûбҪȥˡ
պǵһЩˣǰѾԼ·
ȷǱĸҪǿϺֻܶ࣬ϧ̫ڴ
ﲻͣĽۣҲֹԼģⷬѾ뵽诵Ķ
ҪǸϽݺԼ͵̰غҵĵɽܹεҲֻһˣҲһҪסǧҪǵԼİȫ
诲ĵĶţµʱЩɶ·ˣһЩС
Ҿͺáֻ΢΢ЦţݹҲһЩ
֮䲻Ҫѿʼ𣿼ȻĻŬȥάһˡ
Michael.ڵ֪ԼϾҪһѸٵĽԢʰ˸롣
ĪǸֵҲĥﲻκεң˵պŻѡ
òʰеһУž˿ŹӾ;վ֮ҲԵ
ҶѾ˵ԺŮ˲ҪҵĹԢôҵĻɶԷʰ˾͸Ͻͬʱסٱҷ֣ôҲӦúúõĽһ
Īһһٵ˵Ҳֱӽ˶˷ӡ
MichaelûзӦ׷ʲôͷԼŽվſҲǴѵ
ĪãһζĻֹͣҲһЬӡ
Ь뿪ЬӵȷһЩˣ
Ī΢΢ЦҲ˾ëȻ
ֲһһֱЦЦ֮ȴԵĺ⡣
°ڷźÿٵϴ裬·ĪҲֱȥ诵Ĺ˾
λԤԼûԤԼĻǲܵġ
Ϊһ˵ǰ̨ȻӦðе鴦á
ûԤԼֱӸܣɷˣʱȻ֪
ĪòŲæ˵ţҲҲ࣬˿ûΪԼ׾ӵĻԣκεĲԾ
˵ĵȷûδһΪޣȻĻҲӦǰӦһ²С
ܵɷ򣿡ԾһҺǰ̨۾ҲԾĵɴΪʲôû˵ܽˣ
׷ʲôˣϸʱ䲻﹤ЩʲôҸһ߽ľ̸ģҲ̲סų
Ȼǵһ˾ЩƶҲӦصİɣϰʱְأ淢ʲôô죿
ʿ˵ܵɷҲ֪δȻ˾ͽ㴦ˡ
ˣǰ̨ҲٵİѵϣϾϰϵΪܵġ
诵ɷô֪ʲôʱˣ˼Ѷӵаɣ
ҵĮĿǰˣ֮Ҳ޵ĳ׾ӵĻ˰ɡ
е黹ûеΪԼǶԷɷ򣬿ϻһЩ˲硣
ֱ˵ҵͿԣʱȻ֪㲻ҿԴ绰ҡ
ĪõҲ⣬յĲͨ诵ĵ绰ä󣬵绰ڱͨ
㹫˾¥ңҪԺɷҵδˡ
Ī˵ҲֱӹҶ˵绰˿ԷκξܾĻᣬѾڵĻҲǸãȻ
ʲôʱ򶩻ˣԼ֪ȵǸΪʲôôϤ
Īã뵽ҲٵվӣҴææر㳯¥¸ȥ
̫ܵĻˣȻδɷ
ԭҪϷȴڿҲһľȡ
Īã㵽ҪʲôȻеᶼѾ⿪ˣҲûκιϵϲһĹôҲֻܵĽ㣬Ҫ˵ʲôĻ
ٵǰһָ𣬼Ҫ֣ǰ̨ҲóȻվ




516 ɹʶ
 

㻹ǸĲëʲôʱΪˣ㲻ҪлԼġ
ĪվٵĿڣٶҲ˲κε⡣
˲˾ʮֵͻ
ٸһ飬ҺûκιϵҶѾˣ鷳һβҪңδɷԾӣôû취ֻܸɧš
һ仰תҪ뿪ȴס󣬽ű뵽˻֮С
ʶҪһɶԷƺǶһĵƬ䡣
ֱ̲ס
ҪսҵԣһƢãʲôذ칫˵Ҫúõ侲һ¡
Ķ˵ţĪúСɵĶϡ
ҲŵŮӣֻû취Էϣôֻ뾡һʽˡ
㡭ʹ㲻ãһҲټֻĴ»ص칫ҡ
ۿŰ칫ҵŻعϣžѹĿڵһ˳
ú̸һ̸ɣ㵽ҪʲôҪΪҸ׵鱨ңôҸܣͺûκεĹѪҺⲢܹġ
ΪռֻˣҲûκι˼ɣֱƹˤ
ϲκвϣԼΪκεΣ
Ǻͬ鷳㿴һ£ҶҪһʵİ£ݺͬҲԱ֤˻㹻档
ĪֱԹԵ˵ţѾⶨõĺͬϡ
һʼ֪еľٶҲΪ˲չҹ˾Ĺɷݡ
̰غΪЩɶǱȽ׵ģֻҪóһЩߵļǮͿԡ
üͷͬвͣĽŷģԭȻɫͳ׵ı
ʲôһˣȻô̵ʱչʣµйɷݣ˵ǹ˾һɶ
΢΢һ񣬰¿ڡ
ǹ˾ĹɶȻûʲô⣬ҲϣݣͻСԶЩ鲻Ǻ˽⣬㲢ݵʲôĺ塣
Ҳһж֪˵
ûʱȥһЩ飬ĸһΪһעС
诣㲻оΪĸ׵ĹϵһֱԼԼĿռڣûҲһҪ㹻ů
Īò˵ţһ֪еһ׵ĿԷ뷨
ڽӴ֮ǰѾе
㹻İ诽飬Ҳ㹻İȥȡԷȫġ
Ҫȴһһ㷢ԼУڿȷǳ롣
Īã㻹̫Сˣ֮һҲϣδɷҵͻҪСοԼ׷󣬶㻹ᣬҵҽѧһĳɾͣʺһ˵
֮ĶԻͻȻЩ࣬;һЩ̹
ϲûõ˷ʱ䣬οܿͻڹ˾֮нһӡ
һҸոеĹ˾һʲô紵ݶͻܵӰ졣
Ȼǲ鷢
ҽܹĹ˾վȫĽŸӵеЩɷȫԸ㣬Ҳ˵˾ȫһ˵ģ෴㲻ҽ飬һ취Ǹʱ㻹ûа취סԼڵС
ĪõҲټ飬ֱӰеöʵ
ԭҪԼжȥڻǿЩģڿȫ޻̸֮
ΪĸʧܣⷽһֱԼĹ˼ɣҲΪˣŲȥС
͵һվڹ˾ĴſڣҲ֪ʲô΢һЩˡ
˵ûѣڽ鷽ûκεĴ㣬ͻȻðһô£
Ѳɴʼ课ûа𣿾һС¶Ҫ
˵ЦҲԽĿɬǿĶѾʧȥ
޷ǾΪŮˣһŬĶûˣҪȥ
ôҲû뵽˻Ҫ󣬿ɲòϵȷû취ܡ
еĹɷݶɶԼģһЩպ󲻻ᵣκεΣ
ҴӦ֮ҲϣԤҵ飬ȻҲŮ




517 ĸ
 

û⣬ֻҪܹӦҾѾ㹻ˣʣµаţǸһЩ˼Ȱ㻹ǸϽЩ鴦á
ĪһҸҲֱ뿪ټͣ
ǸϽŷɻģĶʼһЩƣȻ鴦˾ӦûؼϢ
ѾǰԤԼýĳˣ˴ŻڱͿֱǰȥ
еľȥԿӦеС
Ҵææĳ˰칫ңתҪ뿪ڿſվŵǸӰʱҲͣ˽Ų
ϲȥףôѸײȷһЩ̸说ӽҵӣһһ׵ĻᣬҲκεĿɳ֮
ĶԷļĪùĻִ֮Եľ棬˶˵˾֢
ƫƫΪˣе뷨ֹǰ
㵽ʲôˣҺôһֱͬѧҲ֪ԲûκεԣͻȻô£
ڻ֮ǰѾߵ˵˸Ȼ֪˵Ĵڡ
̨ҺĵķȰһ䣬ҪϹ㲻ӵеĶȻʱҲֻøǱڵûа취ԤƵģΪң˭ܹ诡
Īôһ仰ҲѸ뿪ʼղ۲ԼС
MichaelѾеϽһ㱨ҲΪˣſ޿֡
һûκαˣʲôʸȥ׷һΪŮԣ
Ҳ֪Լ诰칫ҵģֻ֪Ժ֮лصŵԶǾƾƹĻ
ôһ˲䣬ȻԼǸ˵ǰܵ㹻ѹȣʼΪһ
ôˣججĻ겻ᣬѲʲô飬˵ʧˣһʼҾ͸߹㣬ҪԼ˽ڹ֮УȻʱҲԼصĴʩ
΢΢̧ͷľվſڵҡ
Ͼˣ˵ҪһЩִ磬Աֱӽž档
һЩҪ˵鷳ͣһͷϵ飬˵ȽҪôһֱԼ뷨֮УûпǹԼѡ
úҲýףܳɹٿôźȫ⡣
֪ϲңǱǸûа취κγŵո˵ȷҵɷ֮飬ҲҪ֪̫ࡣ
Ѿ֪ˣԷ뷨ԭھӦڿһжΪ
иطһЦһʱ֮䣬֪Ӧԡ
ǱܾҲˣû뵽أֻһ޵ĵȴ
ⳡȴ֮ЦľŬô꣬һİ˶硣
ʲôأ˭Ҫף̫ˣҾҪʲôʱһʵŮԸҽһ£ѾܶôԺһЩҲӦеġ
һ˶ʲôʱ˵ʲôĻҹ˾֮УպķչҲȷǺ
˵˽˽ǶȻǹ棬Զһʵı׼
˵ܾˣҲһѵ£֮Ĺϵܹά֣ҲŪ̫㡣
Ҳû뵽ҲЩȡ
ԭΪԷҪףɵҲһ־粻ãеķնѾʧˡ
ĪõһˣΪʲôνĵܵһͷûأãȻľҪ飬ʲô⣿
˾µЩɷݲòϵǵȷһܺõʳ
Ҫ׵չҲҪϲٵǮơ
ҽѧһЩףͿչʣµЩɷΨһĽ;˵Ǹ˵Ҳһ㡣
ңϣ֮ĹϵܹһʼӽϰĹϵҲ֪ǰôģֻܸߵ
ҴææĽ̸诿ľֻϷѶϢһʱ֮䲻һЩꡣ
ϾҪ֤ǸڿЦѲҿ
˵ϸһ룬˽鵹Ҳһ£ûκεĹǡ
ԷѾѻ˵̶ȣҲԸټͣȥԿ뿪׼ԼеĹ
ʱֻþƾ͹Լģֻſֹͣһе
ϳһһɣڵĺܸӣһĻҾҪˣʱһûС
ٵֻϱ༭˶ţֱӸһ˹ȥͻȻԼһЩЦһѶûС
ãһ˵ĻˣҲһеĿơ




518 
 

һյϢһ̣Ҳ΢һЩȣǰôû˵һѡ
ضһ«hһҲٵվ⣬ŵ绰
ô£ͻȻ֮Ҫ֤ˣ֪֪ĺģ㲻ǧҪ飬ΪĻԼȥ
һһѵ绰ͨҲҴææؽһѯʡ
ȻѺ٣诵ȷһɶõ˲š
ԼеԼĸȥжԿһ۵ȷ
Ǹνĵص㣬֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮һ£ʱһԺһ£Ҳûʲôѣֻһˣܹ뵽Ҳֻˡ
诶űĻ˵ôһ˲䣬ȻԼһЩЦ
ô꣬ϾҪˣɵһŷֽĶ󲢲ԼˣأһûС
ǵϵʱң˺úõ̸һ̸Ҳûʲô̫ҪæµǾҪ˵ĻôͺúõĹӣҪʱԼڡ
һ֮ǰҲ˵诸ĸ飬жŮҲ΢һЩʹ
ӵһúõļͥƫƫΪͥĲҶԼʼʮǿӲ
һҪлѣܹҾԼ֮лһ
ĵĽŸлǰûԼһᷢһϵл⡣
οǸ˻ԼĳУڲͬһΣѶѾˡ
ʲô͸ң֪ҵɷﻹһĹɷݣҪĻһġ
һ΢ɳƵ֪һǿ޹ˡ
еʱһŮӷйһر򵥵飬ʵȴΪ˹ĲŻ
򵥵ĽһͨҲٵĹҶ˵绰һҲӵһʾ޴Ķ
ô£˾޴ĶһôżǲǶԷҪеѣϽ绰úõĹͨһ¡
һҪװҲ΢һЩͷۡ
ʱڸɳټƷǿ϶ǲܵġ
Ȳ˵·Ĳϣһֱˮߵ״̬ҲһһЩ覴á
hѾԤϵһ㣬ҲٵĽԷĴ˹
ʲô죬ҪǱʱڸϽҪ·ԭм۸ĻҲǶļǮΪľܹϹ
hæһ㱨ͷµҲѾȥһʣµĲϡ
Ǹոմҵһ죬ǾѾŪԼһЩϡ
ЩڹպֹҲǱȽϺģҲ˲Żǰ࣬ǰʱƵʱҲ˷˲١
ɣһѸ˵ĵ绰ңúõĽһͨԷڱеĻǾ취һ棬ʱ˵ܹһЩ
ٵƽϢһ΢Щ飬һҲæһһҲҪ̰غæˡ
Ĺ˾ҲһСĳȻ˵ƽʱôͶ뵽ʹãǻȫµĿʽ
ƷҲҪκεͷԣΪȫ֮ǰѾõƷֻҪ뵽С
ܣĻǲһЩͻˣϾڵʱȷܸϣҶԷҪҪһˮ׼ķʲôô졣
hѾԸȥˣ֮лǶһЩǣµľҵʿʲŻһЩ
ģȫҪľǸϽһЩνĹ棬ԺǱֱӽһ磬һʣµĲô
һһʱ֮ҲѸٵ뵽æµ֮УԭڲͣпŵģҲ˲ͽ뵽æµ
ĪûصкҲǿٵظMichael˵ӵĵ
ڷĵͬʱֱӵ㿪ƵͨѶľƵһͷӵұĳ
ôͻȻҴƵˣǲǣʲôҸ㣬ǸνĽ㻹һһȽˣкü׷ߣҲֻһһȥʱҲһҪó׼
MichaelĵĽѣ֮Ҳ޵ĵ٩ǰôͲ֪һ֣
ǵһμ棬ѾԼһķ˳ȥеڶ
ΣҪԼȫĲƲҪȥ
ĪÿƵһͷҲһֻϧ黹ҪԷȥдֻȥſ
Ҫȥ֤ǰһжҰźˣסҪԼúõϴһ飬ҲϣκŮԵϢȻʱ˵ͿԽˡ
ĪÿٵĽв֮Ҳ޵Ľ




519 
 

һرԾԲܳκε⡣
诿϶θ֮жٻһЩУʱܻһжиı䡣
ںǸŮ˵ԣжٵĻʹߣںľպһ˾˭
СһռʱȽǿˣֻҪϲĶþʲôֶΣһҪᵽС
ĪãԸһζģһҪסĸ׵飬ĿҲϣصޣҲϣΪһŮ˶Լеľ
MichaelҲ̲סһһЩǡ
ʱǹִִֵ֣ƢҲκûа취ıġ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôĪͻȻ뵽֮УԼĿԸоûô򵥡
һ飬ΪʲôһҪعôŻһأ
Michael֮ǰͺ˵һϲһŮӣһ취飬ĸ׵˵һתĹؼֻΪȥŬ
ĪҲֱӰеĻ˵ˣԸһڼȥڮ١
ϲеĸ鶼ûн˵һͻһֿС
Լںĸʱͻ뷽跨ȥһҲ취֮Ĳࡣ
Michaelϰ˷绨ѩµΪûԼںǸŮˡ
һˣôͻΪǸŮӷУ򻨴вͣķɹҲΪǸŮϴĸȥһܺõרһˡ
ĪãıǸŮԻۣĻҲûʲô˵ģֻе뷨ϣ㲻ҪԼڵ£ҶҸ档
MichaelȻ֪ԼѲһɫͷԵˣǵĻᷢʲôʡ
ȻûмǸŮˣǽƾЩ֪ǸŮ˲򵥣һڹˣⷽԼһױ죬ĸףŮԶԵõҪġ
Լĸĸȷһ£ɱϾŴĻЯŵľһЩõ۵㡣
MichaelʲôʱܹһԼְɵëҲ֪ĵңûĻһŮӻʲô˺
ĪȻҲ̫ķϸִһĵҲΪ˶Էǡ
ãڿʼҲȥ֮ĹϵһҪӦңǧҪԼڵ£ҪΪЩνжʧԼķ򡣡
MichaelһһﲻͣĽŶֻΪԼܹջյҸ
˴æĽƵͨѶĪǺĻҲ֪ʲôҲһĨЦݡ
쿪ʼ˾ѾΪˣȵǸʱһˣҲǹһˡ
֪һвֶζģҲѾûκźˡ
һߺһĵе˶Ѿ뵽æµ֮УһЩоٶеĿꡣ
hһ£ǻԺĹһεĹԷҲûȷЩƵģԾ취ȥϵһЩ׵ĺʱЩһʵĶԲߡ
ٵĽŷԸһ˿ûκεĻң෴һܴս
ϾÿһζԻôĶⶩ֮ƺҲڿʲô
ԷֻǵҪôҲˣһ뷨أҪ˻һǵĵû㹻еĻպҪһЩʲôⲻҲֵ
ηκսȻҲΪЩսԼɥʧһЩ෴ΪЩսԼ˶־δҲǸ㽡
ϰȻǺõģûǺĹͻԵһģȵǸʱ׬Ǯ¾һЩˡ
hھ֮ҲյԤ˵˳ǺĹȥֹѺѣʱǵĵܹõĸһֲʣ
Էһǿǵе⣬Ҳڿǻ᲻ΪǮƵ뵽̰
ɣеĶģֻҪһǵͿԣĻ󻹻һӪҵܲܣⵥҲһǮ׬
ڿ˵ݹķʾһҲ׵ķֶԷǲκ·
һεսҲ˿ⰲţûʲô飬֮ǰеѶѾȹˣܲΪһССϰη塣
סܷʲô飬˵ͷܹġ




520 
 

ĻǵӪҵǱȽϵͣ᲻һĿҪ˰ɣǾֱ˵һ
hɳԼ뷨֮޷԰ΣԲеĹԱÿÿҹȥйȴκǮơ
ҶѾ˵ˣܷʲô飬ҾԲǿڴԷģֻҪҳŵǵģһӵиõһУǮҲռԭ
һҲóԼ龿ڵʲôеʱǣɲһ£Ѷֻøѿ
ڸܵ΢һЩջպ󣬫hҲ˵ЩʲôֻƵĵ˵ͷ֪Ǻá
治֪ΪʲôϰЩǿӲֻΪϰɷ򲢲һ򵥵
ĻΪʲôһֱһԼأ˵֮ĹϵǱ棿
hڹʱҲʼЩ֮Уûע⵽Ǳˮٻ˵Ʒ
عʱеƷѾˮ׻ٻ
ǻĵ·֮Ҳһˮ֣Ҫڽά޺Ѿ͵˽ʱ䡣
һӵϢʱҲǴҴææĸ˹ľԼ飬εվֶ֪ôںδ
hô£һֱǲڹʱȥһЩûõ飬һʼ뵽ҹҵһ죬ҾѾȷĸҪĵϰߣΪʲôҵĻأ
̲סһ𣬺һҲ΢һЩŭһεĺû֮еô򵥣ûԤϵԷʲôĿ֮ǰҲһҪóӦԡ
ĹؼǻѾ⣬ôܹЩϼȥأ
ĵʹͷһվҲԽĿɬոֻһЩˣôһ
鶼Ѿˣֻ֪ʲôãҪĲӦ취һε
һҵİ칫ңһЩҪ˵ôʱҴûе̸ҿҪˡ
һ뿪һҲȵ˰칫ҡ
һֱµԱȽݣദľһһҲΪˣԱ˴֮ûκεľ£ƽʱ﷢ƢˣЩҲڿЦ
ϰ壬Բ鶼˵ҵĲԣҪͷҰɣҸ˾ôһʧպҲûټˡ
h˵ҲֱӰԼĹժתҪ뿪ȴһһѽס
֪֪ڼֱһųΪҪӱܣû˾˸ô죬ѲñȥеŴ𣿡
ԼλϿūhһͻȻ鲢û֮еôҪӱԼһȥееΣɵأһ˳еܹ
˵ϰڵӦô죿鶼ѾˣѲҵֿĻûκԹԣֻϣϰܹԭһء
hҴææ˵ţҲûκҪε뷨
һֱûмһģȻ֪ԷһƢ
ڹҾһÿһദڵģһԱۣΪϰĶܻȥҩ
һε鲻һֹҩô򵥡
ɣȥһЩȫµĻһҪȵĹеĻǫ̈̄ʲôҪǮĵطҲֱӺ˵֮ҲȷҪһȫµĻ
һʼһֱܵ˼άûбЩŪţ෴һ¡
ԭԥҪҪðһЩȫµĻڿɼҪԣˡ
Ͼȥ졣ϰ嶼Ѿ˺ʵĶԲߣh¶Цݡ
һɵôܻῴһҪеķꡣ
֪Ѿ°ʱ򣬶ʽʼӰӣԽеԱҲǰ°࣬úõĻؼϢ
hΪĴҲһصУΪҪȥɹеĻ
һһ߳ҿľǿųӵ诡
յƺһЩͬƮƮģͬһӣֻü֮ȴһЩǳ˾һ뵽֮еĹ
ǷʲôˣüչĲҪ㲻ϲĻôͲҪӦԷȻʱҲδһЩѹȥ취ԼøǮ취һԼʺϵˡ
һϣһҲֱ˵Լ鼦ͣĽŹ䡣




521 ظ
 

ੲݵĺһҲûκηУ෴Լһˡ
ǰЩνĺѴûĵȥĹÿһſڱտڶǸָǮٲȥͶʡ
ؾͳΪǸνУһʱ򼸺ҪǮ
ٺ½ӹ˹˾֮Ҳύκεѣÿһ֮ĹϵҲǹȥأҲ취ԼǮʼԽԽġ
ΪֻſǹһˣԻ㹻ǮǷʲô⣬ЩǮҲԾһ
ʵ˵ʵҶǸνĵܵܲûκεķУܾ˾ͻȻһˣһЩô˵ǰҲǽܣһᣬֹϵû취Ĩȥġ
ƽȵļʻҲ˵ԼﻰȻҲڲͣķԼĸп
һͻȻҪԼĵܵܽ飬ǿһͷ۵¶
ɼҪȥһԣȴԼһԵʸûС
һҲԵһЩãȻΪʲôǵߵһأ
ǲʲôвˣȻԸǾԲӦģѲչ㹫˾Ĺɷ𣿡
ͻȻ£һҲʽĽ뵽֮С
ԼԼɷ˵һֱڰչ޼ҵĹɷݡ
һֱһȽصĴڣֲκ⡣
ҲΪкüΣԼĵ¡
֪һԼĿԸоġ
ɰ˵诵ǸܵҲֻһ̨˽ӣôôǮȥɷأ
ȷ¶ˣչ˹˾ĹƱҲ˵Һɷǹ˾ĹɶҲΪҲűҪ顣
ȵһҲſͣҲֱǣźһ˽ȥ
ڰǹŷϵϢҲôŨ
½½ģеĲǲҲŵ
ֱ淴Ҳʽ뵽⡣
ûǸܻܵһҪ֪Ǽҹ˾ҲոУҪչƱĻǺף㹫˾ЩϹɶǽƻĺ꣬ô׵İеĹɷݹá
ԴԼҵ֮󣬺һⷽҲһЩɾͣԭһϲͨҲʼԼ¶
Ȼ浽ʲô⣬Կ϶Ǹܵܲ򵥡
Ҳè壬Ѿȥеˣÿһζ޹ԷѾǰԤϵһһҲκεͷҵͷҲ뵽ԭء
С˵ţΪľǷֹǽж
֮Ľ̸Ҳ˲뵽һž֮С
Ҳ֪˶ã˵ֻȻͬʱ
óһҲǸԵɷ
ȥˣôûл֪֪ڶﻹһӣӦչԼҪô˲ؼңѶλңھȥ㡣
̰غڵ绰һͷҴææ˵ţһڶסһŮһģҲ˾ůġ
ڿʱ˵ɫҲʼһЩ԰ס
ͨ˵绰ڹıǷƽ
ҵţ˾ҪȥˣһҪúõϢһ²УȻʱĳĽղǺۡ
绰һͷһЦһ˵ţҲڲͣİһƬ
ƬСʱ
һѾͷѾǵйˣûϵ鶼ķչ
ڲǵ˵պ˵ĸԽࡣ
ȵǸʱͯЩźͿȫֲ
鷳ûʲôĻҪҴ绰ο˴ʶ㣬ڿ˵ǹɧҡ
˵ҲٵĹҶ˵绰ټ̸ȥ
ʱǾǸ˾һӣ˵һЩĪĻ
ЩأҪȥзһᶼӵС
ôˣ³ӣǲǸɧˣʵڲеĻҾҵɷúõĵһ°ɡ
һҲʵǿȥˣһŮӾÿ⣬ȥҪļ
æҡҡͷҲ֪Żش
ôܹоܾ鷳أ
ֻһ֤ѣպвˣҸָɷֿ
̰غյλҲǿٵĸ˹Լӽ˻ȥڿʱҲûдк
Ů˵ǰҺŮ˵Ǽֱֿԡ
ȻȥˣסʲôĻһҪһʱңȻҲûôб£Ҷٻ԰㡣




522 ֤
 

һĵĶţԼɷ̬ȹǿӲ϶Ҫһ
ڶ죬һʱѾյͮͮĽ֤Ƭ
诺һˡ
ôͽˣҲû˵úõһûо飿
ٵֻϱ༭һϢֱӷ˹ȥһǾһЩ̫׵
ô飬֤˼ҾѾ뿪ˣֻԼһ˿ع˾
̲סһԹԼҲ֪ΪʲôﻹһЩڴ֤Ļڡ
˭Ī֤֮󣬽ӵһͨ绰Ҵææ뿪
ɫǵģ֪ĻΪİŮӳʲô顣
ˣܷʲô£Զǿĺܣ㲻õĻʲôΣպˣʵڲоͺһҲ̫㡣
ԷǺܺãһҲٵĿЦΪľǻԾһա
Ȼܱ֤ÿһεܹܺõȥУҲԱ֤ܹԼһĺת
ԭ鷳Ƶ诣ڿϢ֮Ҳ˲¶Цݡ
̰غ֪ӻԱ˵֪ⷬĻҲһϽڰɡ
һҲѾʽ뵽æµ֮УеĻȫ»ҲΪˣеļƻҲʼˣʽʵʩѵٶҲѾȵļӿ졣
һҪסڱ֤ƷͬʱҲһҪչ˺ԼİȫЩʹõĹҲһҪϸĲȥִУǧ򲻿׷ٶȣκεԽΪȻʱҲûа취֤ǵĽ
һĵĶҲ΢һЩǣ֮ǰҲһЩʹû˸ԼһţϣԼҲ顣
һһѪܵĴۣҲڸ֪ŴҪʹûʱһҪϸĲ׼ȥִУȻʱԼҪ鷳
ʱʱҲʽĿʼҪ300Ʒһ100ȻҲѾȥУǲһѿԡ
һʱһֻԼ񾭶ʼһЩ˥ΪԱ㹻ӴĹϵ£еĶҲѾһĳЧ
h˶ٳƷһһЩƷ֮гŲ鿴κĻȫҪ
һóһż飬ڷûκ֮Ž뵽˰װ
ҲѾһˣһͬʱǽʡ˲ٵ˹ɱҲ˵ȣ֮ǰͿ԰һн
hŸոյݽ棬ҲǸϽŻ㱨
ҵȻ˽˶ƣеʱֻҪǶ˾һҪ⣬׷ĲһƷƣһʡ
ȻĻҰʱؼϢĻҲںҪٵ˹ɱҪľͬʱ֤ԱĽ
ֱӷԸȥһҲԷκԤҪ֪æµһ֮˵ľ񶼻һЩɢټæȥҲֻʵ䷴
hһҲûнκεӣΪЩԱһЩ֧
ڴ깫˾ҲѸٵ˺һĵ̽ӭӣľﲻָߵģҲԶԾһλ
֮ǸɫĽ֤ɷİڷǡ
̲ס˳һ鿴˵ҲʼһЩɬ»ĵһ죬ȴƫƫһýûС
һۿеԱѾ½뿪诵Ķ
ǶĵĻôҾȰϽúõ˽һ¶ԷݣҪԼ飬Ūö׵ģôˣһ֤ܳѲɣⳡܹһֱȥ𣿡
һڱеĲˮһҲ̲סѯȻ֪Ϊʲô说˿̱öƸУҲ֪Ž֤һĹ
˵Щô֪ܲûڰһж˵ĻôЩɷݾͳ׵ĲܴﵽˣǰһֱԼøǿ󣬿ڿһҲֻһЦ
ЦЦ˵ţҲЩϡ
ںĽΣںľԼܲܵõҪһС
Īýӵ绰ֽŸôһ̣ȻϣԼǵ绰һͷΪֻĻſܵĵĸо
ºַӦԷԼ֤֮ôܻйϵأΪʲôҪֲӦе
治֪ôģĹ˾ڻҵɷһеɶĻĹ˾ҲԾС




523 Դ
 

һⷽ鲢ô˽⣬Ҳ֪˾ĹɶǴһȽҪĵλһʲô紵ݶҪͿЩɶǵķȨ
˰ɣؼңӽ쿪ʼ°࣬Ͼ㶼Ѿ뵽ĺ֮ˣȻӦһرС
ΪһԽ̸ˣ诵Ҳָúܿ죬һüӡ
һ뵽Уľվĳܣ˿̵һ֪鲢Ǻܺá
ҶѾ˵ˣҪٺŮôͲҵأȥǲҲҪչһθ飿ҷҲˣڻҷͬԣľҺܴ𣿡
̰غһѽ뵽ԼĻУҲĸо֮еǷݵ⣬һʱ֮侹֪Ž͡
ϰƽҲ̫˰ɣǵԼԻиָг֣ŮҲҪģӻǰһΪĵز
һɢִ⣬һʱ֮Ͳ֪˵ЩʲôֻܿЦ
ǰеʱҲûӦôңһѾͿʼˣӻһС۵Ĵڡ
ǧҪ⣬Զʱʱᷢ裬ǲǺܻһˣʱĻͣǧҪĸܣϾҵļң֤дĶҵ֡
һҲԸټȥֱӽקص˼С
ŸһϣľصɳϣŭĿԲģ
̰غ㵽Ҫʲô˼ֻһŮӣ㶼ҪУڻԼ˸ڻ֮ȡʲô⣿
һЦõѯţ֪˵ЩʲôãȻһȽںһ£ںģ¾һЩԵ˰ɡ
Ҳ飬ֻҪҪţټȥĻԺһʱҲԽԽ٣㿪ʼæµţҶûа취˼ˡ
̰غղĽűԹЩ;һЩģպ̥ڳʱΪɷһĵλûˡ
Ӵѩлʲô˼ǰ棬еЩưҲλߣΪһôز
һճһ˵ĵλҪһȼ
İɣܷʲô飬еĵλԶκεĸı䣬෴ҲֻҾһˣӰ쵽λĴڡ
һʱ䳤ˣ˴֮Ҳ˲ٵ˽⣬ͿƽԷ
ɼ˺һһЩģҲ³һӵĺò
̲ڷ֮ҲŸָϣһССĵ̣ҲھӪŸָİٻ
ڻԴȫһǰѰҵģԵҲʽҵĹ򣬳ɽѾﵽ
ֻټȥԴҲޣһҪһʵİ취Уǿ԰Լĸһ
һ˾ֻϧ̲Ǻܸߡ
ôˣǲʲô飿ڹ˾ڹ˳ľ˰ɣڻСʲôĻͺ˵˾һ
һһεóŮ˵ƣڳ̰غնԼһĴڣûκελ
ڼûеλҲˣԼĹ˾֮ҲҪһŮˣһӶ˺һ
ģ׼һ꣬ǳɽĹѾﵽߵ㣬Һ£ټȥһṩϻԴһҽΪ͵İٻָĶ
ԼĸѯʣΪӵȻûκεĸ׵ĹϵԶܵġ
ЩҲڲͣĽŷɢѾеĳɽˣǻҪĻԴ⡣
ôģҲ·ǿŪһЩΪƽ·ȥһǿԸһЩһҲ԰һЩõԼϲĶ
̲ٵĽŻ㱨ſӵҲֱͣϲ˵ʱԶ
һԼĶӣ֮Ҳ޵Ժ滹޵Ŀޡ
̰غտ֮¶ŵҲһѽˤϣԼŭĻص鷿֮С
һҪ취ĿۼԼϣȻʱһͥλûˡ
̲ȻԼĸΪʲôҲûй⣬е뷨ѾˣڿǷ֧֮Ҳ˲١
ʵҲں᲻׬Ǯֻϣܹһĵͯꡣ




524 ķ
 

һ⣬˶ӵУһ֮Ҳ޵ԺС
ССľͿʼ֪ΪҳֵһЩѣȻһ¡
ǱϾһӣûбҪÿһ춼ŸָæµҪȥһºֿͯ֡
ھѾһôΪʲôҪһأ
ֵ֪һЩȻǺõģʧȥ֮ͬպھѾˡ
裬ҲֻҪһЩܼ飬ҲϣܹΪǷǵһСް
̲ʹͷҲ֪˵Щʲôĸ׵ԸȻ֪ģڸϲÿʵ
һ֮еˣĸĳɹҲΪӵһѹ
ɲɷϵǣÿЩѹ֮УľԼȤζԼһɳʱ֮ҲһС
ڻصкҲǵһʱͰԼԭеϰ߻ص֮УľǱмĳһš
ҴææһУĿ˴ߣȴڿ󣬵Ҳ䵽˵ϣһ
ĪԭϢΪæµ˶ûһЩ֮ܵҲ͵ӡ
û뵽ľԼ»վĿɿڴģ
ѾˣûбҪټȣĺۣҺúõϢһ£һҾͺ֤ͣΪʲô뿪
Īü򵥵Ľһ֪Ҳһε뵽˯֮УϣеҲûκεجΣ˯ߵĹҲʮֵ
ԼĴռˣҲûκε˼ֻĬĬߵ˿֮С
Ǹ˵ĵȷû˶ѾˣûбҪ˾нȥǼͻȻһµѡһЩӦ
Լ˽ܵƻɲ֪ΪʲôȴĽдرڿƣ֮
ȶԷʱѾ֮Ҳһոյ
˵ĻȥԷɣҲˣûʲôĻԺ鷳㲻Ҫ뵽ҵķ֮У΢˼񱡣
˵Ҫص֮кúõϢȴסȥ·
Һһ£һҽⷽźܶĳɾͣأеʱᾭһЩоҲֻǲμһооѾؼʱ̣ҲҪ㣬ֻΪȲѣϾҽѧϵĳɾܲĸǳ
ĪÿٵĽ˽ͣҲ΢һЩţôҲû뵽Michael򵥵鶼ɡ
ҲΪˣźMichaelΪ鷢ƢҪЩνָ
ǰôûһ˻ͻȻȥ飬ҲΪͻȻʱһЩӦһֱĴ
诹װһںӣ˿ûаЩϣɵЩ֮ͻȻá
ûбҪҽ֮ͣĻҲֻһѣαأ
Ȼ˵ţҲٵĻصԼķ֮УڷŹϵһ̣ҲԼ˱֮У޷԰Ρ
ҲƬ̱㷴ӦŴǸո˯ġ
Ľеı½һܾ䶼ʼԼ
Īþ͵վԭأһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ЩʲôãܾһֲĿɬͷӡ
˵ҲȷûñɵֶΣô˽֤أ
˵θҲֻһԸеʱôϣһԸҲԱһ飬һӣֻϧһжһʵʵ
ûԼΪһŮ˺ֵܳܣû˶ֵܷ˼ҵĽ֡
Michaelڳ˼֮Ҳ˶ھƾ֮޷԰Ρ
ôҲû뵽һԺֵܾȻΪһŮ˳ܣô
˵һӲ飬Ǽһ֮ȴ˽Զ⵽ô£
һһ¶ǣ˵ĶһŻڽȼһǶʼһЩѡ
ƺ̵֮ԶǸָӣ˶Ϊеһš
ĪҲ֪˶ãԹԵȥһԡ
κεʳƷΪθһ⣬һʲôɾĶͻ˶סԺ
ҲΪMichaelһʱǸֵܲԸ³
һ룬ĺֵڲ֪֮оѾ˱仯ֱ仯ȫһģǸֵҲֻĬĬĳš
óֻһ룬äҲǸӵķҡ




525 
 

Michaelԭŭ֮Уڽӵ绰˵ҲԾĺתࡣ
֮꣬еʱΪһЩССܵӰ죬˴š
Ϊһ˶ʼƽϣôʱڻӦأ
MichaelԼûʶԼѾڲ֪֮оͿʼѡܻ֡
MichaelҲԣʱĻһȥһɣҲûʲô顣
Ī˵ţ֮ȴв޵Ŀɬ
Ǹո˽֤һ죬ȴһϲöܲ
ʱԼǲˣӦǿһβԼĸ飬û취ϲþһֱвͣĽż
һ»ò죬Ͼ͵ңһҼҳԡ
Michaelڵ绰һͷҲ֮еϲã˻Ѳκεĸı䡣
ĪȻע⵽˵绰һͷӣȴҲû˵ЩʲôֻԹԵĴ·뿪
Ÿձϵһɲǣԭڷ֮еŮȴͻȻ˳
û뵽֮Ļͻ˵ĿɬһŶʼһЩ޵ݡ
ֱȥMichaelļеĶѾʰɾ֮лð
ֵܣϵĻԸӭңһҲֻӵĺֵˡ
Ī̲סһпҲٵԱߵ鼮˹ۿƽҲסϼΡ
Ҳ˶׼һЩҽѧйص鼮ƽĥʱ⣬ֻû뵽гһЩҲó
һ˭ҾͲףҪԼ뵽֮أ֪ϲ㣬ΪʲôѸˣȥѡأ
ڳ̲֮סеһͻȻҲû֮еôƽڸ涼ʮ졣
ƫƫ˸֮󣬾һëͷСһʧȥеǡ
ֻ֪Լȥ£ûи飬˽֤أ
θעܳãñ˴֮һЩʸС
ĪҲû뵽MichaelȻôĴһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲô
ֻܾĴǣҲ֪ʲôȷӦ̰ͼһʱϲȥ֤
ƫƫ벻ĺð취ӡ֮Уֻн˻ŮӣŲٳһЩĪ׷ߡ
һε뷨ȷһЩ˽ԷԹҲ⣬ԼĿҲѾﵽˣһȥ뵽֮޷԰Ρ
һӾµķ˾ȴûκж˼
ĪֻҪúõĺȼơ侲һԼǡ
ԹԵߵǰЩѾõľųֱӴһԵľͺȥ
ƾ˲ڿǻ֮Уը˵˼Ҳ˲١
ĪãΪһŮˣֵ𣿡MichaelҲûǰһӣֻǾ￴ֵľٶ
ĪȽִ֣еʱһ׼˾Ͳɱиġ
һЩڵӦЩˣûЩĻҲ
Michael㲻֪ϲһ֮ͻᷢǿĶѾıλãںһˣͻᷢˡ
ĪžҲЩˡ
ֵôʱˣкҲѾ𽥵ĳΪһͥС
ʶ˵ʱڵ٩Ϊʲô˲һأôĺг
ˣҲ֪ȰȻĻͺΪ֮ɣסһҪԼŪñˣҿɲϣչôĺøǣһŮŪ
ٵļһСˣУMichaelҲһЩġ
Īƽﾭȥæָʵ飬ҲΪʳ﷽һҪ
1ʶ˵ʱ򣬻ȽϿ
һֱӴʱ䳤˲˲ĵģǷʲô飬ű˴Ĭ
课һ˴ڼУҲ֪ʲôɳϣͷ˱
һǰδеĹ¶оϯͷûһ㲻ܿƵ
Ҳ֪Լôˣ»1ȴһϲõնûУеҲֻ޵ʹС
óֻҪͨһĵ绰ʶʱˣȴҲùĴ
Ͼ˼Ҳмͥˣôú˼ء
ĪһٷĹѾԼɼˣҲԸMichaelļľ
ûԼո˽֤ﻹһӣȴҪ顣
Ѿˣ꣬϶ʪģˣҲûκҪ޵Ĵ㡣




526 ʿ
 

MichaelǷִţҲ֪˵Щʲôá
֪ĻΪҪҸЩʲôأ֪ȴ֪ԸҲֻǺ¼еǸŮӴס
ϲǸŮӿʼѾ˶Էеϣһϸ΢ϲãҲһҪϡ
ϣθ鲻Ҫ׷ѣٲҪĺֵʧŶԡ
ĪҸ㣬ܵʲôʱ㶼һҪչ˺ԼǧҪԼյأΪһŮ˲ֵá
ǸѾʧԼеӰMichaelҲ̲סỴ֪̂һ뵽֮еˣԶûκεİ취öԷеִ֡
Īһ·ϵײײĻص˼УҲѾˮʪ⡣
һſľɫɫɳһǵ诡
Ůƺڿ˵ļһһģ;ʮֵĿ
Լʪ·ֱɳǰ£˱뵽ԼĻУĪҲСĵذοš
ûչ˹ŮӣҲ֪ڵӦøЩʲô֪ʱҪľһ顣
Ҳû뵽˻ͻȻҲֱӵǻ֮У˯˹ȥ
2ʱһۿľſޱȵ
Щϸİοʱ;һЩʵ
һħô׵ȥοأ϶һЩΡ
˵ǼٵģΪʲôڻɳأ
һһʾԺ֮вͣıըԷҪѵƣҲǴæı۾
ԼҲ֪ںʲô
Īֱֻ۴ʼһЩۣԿµС㲻ʹʲôˣ
诣֪һ۲۵ĶħҴʼվֻϲһˣ㲢ǵˣֻҪҼǵþѾ㹻ˣһػ㡣
ĪС˵ţҲٵĽ˷ɳϣһ̺Ϊϡ
诱װ˯ⷬȻһЩ˼
˵ĵô£֮ǰʶΪʲôһӡûУ
˶Ѿȥ˳һʵʱװ˯װʲô֪ӡ
ڳæµӰʮ˧Ǽ򵥵ļһ¶¶һ顣
ĶӣֱŰȥ˹˾űϵһɲǣľЦ
һ֪ѾͷѾˣȻǷҲǷĵġ
»ص֮УǷݹɷת˳Īȥ¿Ĺ˾
Ϊ诽Եʣһֱ鶼ʼһЩרġ
ĪõҲûйĽУѯѶ뷨Ȼ֪һЩֻϧôԸЩҲѾˣԷҲӦ÷еǷִš
еʱ㿴ͨͨһоͻ˴ѹ
ǹ˼˴֮ĸܣѹѾ֮ʧ
ȴһ˳ΪĹϵ׵İЩȫ̶ˣʱҲֻñ˴˸Ρ
ҲѾɢ˰ɣϾҲһѻ鸾ŮˣԷпҲҹĽ׷
ڰ칫֮УԺ֮ľ˵ǷǼǲ˵
ΪæµҲֱӽЩԺ󣬿ʱ򿴼ģԼ칫ˡ
ôͻȻˣ϶ûúϢӦڼúõ˯һУҲԣӽǿ˯ͬһ䣬ϾѾ֤
˵ʱʮȻԼҲѾĸоһˡ
Ϊ˵һֻΪһ˵ܺԼһ
ûнӴһУԲ֪鵽һʲôĶϲϲҲǺ
ΨһԿ϶ǺһʱﲢûκεĲ죬֮䶼һĸо
ô꣬ԼѾʪ͸ˣȷʵڶССŮŰοԼһʿȽǿˡ
һ˾ֻǸһЩƬȥ۲ĻһЩǳˣ˱Ͼոս飬˽ĵطǺܶ࣬ջܸá
͹ɷתģһʼҾʹЩɷ͸㣬ֻǵʱ֮䲢Ǻ죬ֻķҶУҴĲϲκεʡ
Ī֮е峺Ҳ˾һЩʵϾȷǼħӣһͻȻʹԵŤ
ʵûбҪӵģοôصҲûа취գ˶ѾˣйɷҲ




527 ε
 

诲ɷϵԼһʼȷȽں⣬ڲͬˣȻѾȥܶԷôһҪϰ߱˴˴ڵӡ
ȫ˾ʣĹɷݣʱ˲ҹ˾ĹɶⲻҲһ
ĪҲû뵽Ů˻˵һܾԼľûѣΡ
һϿʼ课һЩǱһˣΪĸı䣬һЩʵһξͻȻˡ
ʵûбҪӵģ㻹ʵһȽϺãĻֻҾ취Ҫ顣
Īò˼˵ţҲȷԼһЩСŮˡ
ȷʵôģһʼ˿һˣʼ˳ܵģ˵û˭أ
˹ɵ诣ǾԼԴ϶Ѿвԭ
ⷬҲֱЦǰЩɰ
ЩʲôأҶҪЩʲôôͷˣˣ˵Ҳ˷޺ϲʱ˾˵ġ
ֱӽ˴ߣҲԸټ˵ȥ˶Ѿ뿪ˣŴæܵشǰŲ鿴
ڿվѾ˲СŮĪʱҲʼһЩ
ȻǸ˳òҲû뵽վͿһЩ顣
ұǽϵģڿſڴǰһʱҲ̲סһۿľͣĳӡ
ڵۣһǺڿô𣿡
ͻȻҲһѩһԼС»صλԾ¡
һЩöԷ͵ľٶĻ˻Ƕˡ
ǿȶһԼװһʲô鶼ûзӡ
ôͻȻͽˣûž͹Ѳɲ֪ڹ˾֮лһЩĹ𣿡
ΪԷǷܾһЩڣԽ˵̬ҲʼһЩӲ
ȻǸоǷӲҲڽʱúõĸףȻ뿪˾
ȷʵʺڹ˾֮кúùӦûȥ̳мҲˣֺαͣأ
Ҫ˵仰ϲһֱϲ㣬ֻ֪ж˵һģǰɣһֱΪԼ㣬ֱҲŷ֣Ҳ۰ˡ
һ㽫ԼôĻ˵˳ͻȻض泩˲١
ôһֱежԼѾ˿֣ʲôζ
ò׿ԸˣȴֶԷѾ˼ͥҲãٿԲˡ
ܾȴŶԷһǵˣԼĲ˳Ȼȥ
Ҳû뵽ԼͬѧôͰѱ׵Ļ˵һʱ֮һЩ֪ͣǺá
Ĵڰ칫ңҲԽĸӣݸǱ˵ˡ
ģҲκεĸӽҾͻ뿪Ҳ֪ҼģΨһѪҲӦûȥ̳мҲÿһ춼ææµµ
ǿĳǣҲʽĿʼҲͻȻڳɳĵ·ϹȻʧȥ˺ܶࡣ
һΪ300ƷԵҲڲͣæµѾǰһ룬ҲҶ˲١
ڽԱʼиԵе߶⡣
ҴһʼѾ˵ҲںǾܲɣںľЩ·ǿ⵽ô£ôԵͷѲɿƷ𡣡
ͦŴӣѵš
һƽͻȻһǰδеУİ
ҲһһߵģڸʲôȻʼ͵ˣȥеƷƶԼ
ϰǱǸҲû뵽ոֻһЩ˲ŻĺڻҪȻǿܵġ
hٵİЩϽ⣬Ҫ֪ϰ׵ķ𣬸οڻһӣʱԺӵĳɳҲǺܺá
е˽ӰЩٳκ⣬µĽȫûա
ֻǵĴЩ˵ɨһҲҲû˵ЩֻЩ·뿪
֪ԼЩԱ̫ʴȲŻᷢ⣬ɲҶһһߵģûбҪѱ˴˵һӶʹؼʱ⣬˭ܹżأ
ΪŲŻ齻ǵʧˣ˱˵Ρ
ѾǮ⣬һһƷϵΡ




528 й
 

ΪСķĹ˭ҲκεĻ㱣ڶݵʱھѾʣµĹɡ
һھһϵеļ鷢ûκĵͷͺȥ˵绰
û뵽ôͰеĹˣԭΪǻǽһ飬ҪʱӳһЩû㡣
绰һͷһֱЦţЦ֮Ҳ޵Ŀޡ
Ͼÿһ˶ܹеĹɵơ
ǿˣ֪ʲôʱȡеƷϾ300·ȷһЩأǿͻŵġ
һһֱעصľǷⷽҲĴڡ
鷳ǰҰѶ͵xxˡٵı˵ַ绰һͷҲûйԥϾȥȡҲȷ˷һЩʱ䡣
Էûκŭһŷ˼˽͵˵ط
һֱΪĪõƣ֪δ֮Ĺϵ
Ծֱ˸
û뵽һ¡
һλʱ򿴼ľǼȻһ¡
һˣû뵽Ȼ£Ҫϵ㶼һЩѣµʱҲ˲٣˴¿ʼչ
Īü˻ˣҲٵĵİڳһԼϡ
µʱڣ̫飬óȻľͽ˻飬ԶԷȷһЩƽϾ鲻ǿ
Michael˵Ҳȷûθ֮п֣˼ŮҲϲ
ԼĿֽڱ˵ʹ֮ϣҲֻԼİٸ
ôˣ¾ͱ仯ô࣬ʲôֱ˵ɣͻȻ֮һЩϰߡ
ڵԼĺ󲱾ͻȻ֮ĹϵһЩ΢ı仯
£оȻеĶڼˡ
ϾҲǵһסУ϶кܶط׵ģôˮѵѡ
Լڹ⣬Ҳһǰźãµʱ˴һЩ鷳
ûʲôͻȻˣһ찴ǵԼ㻹ûϲңôҾͻʧڽ飬ǿ顣
ĪҲڹһĨͻЦ
µʱڣ说ûһ绰һʺ򶼲ӵС
һʼԭһЩ룬֪أֻҲʼԽԽơ
ʶԼ뷨жô棬һ˲㣬ôǿҲκν
ѻɶϷˣҼȻӦ飬û⣬ҵĸһ֣вˡ
Ҳ΢һЩŭû뵽Էθ鿴˼򵥡
֮ǰΪ˻һЩģڿԼǵ̫ˡ
ĪҲû뵽Ҳæڽһ⣬µʱ֮Ĺϵӽ֡
ˣҲû룬Ҳһθ飬µʱڣһ绰У֪Ҷһп޵Ĵڡ
˵˵˵ۿҲ΢죬ܵίһ
Ҳû뵽ͻȻ˷Ϊԭһʱ֮Ҳ֪νŽ͡
ܲ˵֪˵ĸ顣
е壬ôпܾͻᡣ
ģµʱҳڹ㣬Ҳ֪磬û뵽һؼһһˣ˵ӦҲŶԡ
ʹͷ˵ţҲԵһЩ
ȻƽﲻԸƽЩëƤС£ҲԼʵĵ
ܲ˽ˣеĳŵȫŮаɡ
˵ģûƭңʵˣ㲻ϲҲûκιϵϾ֮ĸ鿴͵ȷڿЦѣĻԸңôпպҾͲԸ뿪ˡ
Ī˵˵ţ֮Ҳų˹ʣֹҲԵռС
ΪԼһʿΪԼϲǰܹԶǡ
Ҳڶģ֮Ĺϵ᲻иı䣬ʧˣôķ
Ȼģҵ֮в֣ȻҲܳ졣
ƺΪ֤Լʵԣ΢΢˽ż⣬Ĵǡ
ĪվҲʼޱȽӲƺû뵽
Էϵǣ֮еȷвٵôڡ
סһ̿ʼҪҵߣҲΪġ




529 
 

ɬĽŻӦҲ֮У޷԰Ρ
˾˵Ƕ˵ڵУҲС
ɫĵ̺ҲһĨ۵ĺ졭
ϣʱֵľԼҵĴϣһжôϤȴһֻĴ
˫ȵʹиһжΡ
Īò֪ʲôʱ˽лһðࡣ
ˣһΪҪһֱ˯ȥءĪ鶼ܺõӣ·һЩƮݡ
诵ҲϻػֻǾһһԼס
ҪٲˣԺڱˣҿɲϣҺò׵һУɱڱ֮С
Ī̲סŵ٩ǰɫĵ̺Ҳء
Լ£ӽ㲻ĳҵңͬʱһЩѻؼңҲŮˡ
֮ǰ飬ҲٵʾȨһҪʶϴ
ĪõҲ⣬ֻ۾֮еԵЦ⡣
ôǵ鲢ող֪˭һֱڽϴ󡣡
һ˼ӣͣĽ˼ٷֶԷһζ˱֮ʱĪֹͣԼĵ٩
òջҸȻЦ֮ͣҪúõĳһԼ»齿ء
ҳȥڲ뿴㣬ûҵҲнҵķ䡣
˵ţҲֱӽƳ˷ȴûע⵽Լ˿̵ˡ
Īһʵ̲ȥԽ±ݺݵ۰һҹ诲֪ôȹģֻ֪ʱʱĻᴫ˵ĵЦ
һҲѾʽĿʼˣչҲв˶֪š
һε300ƷҲһʾ޴棬Ϊףǰ깤һǮ
Ŷһ󣬺һҲòԼɷİţڼԭش
̰غҲͽ˻Ὣе齻˶ӴԼŵߣȴŶ̥Ľ١
̲鵹ûбֳκε⣬Ӹһ˾һ֪Լĸ״ʲôСֻ̡û뵽ôѾˣһ뵽ĳ;黶졣
˾ԱΪ˾ϰ嶼Ѿ뿪ˣպĹܹһЩȴû뵽СܲĴڡ
һµʱ䣬ʹŹ˾4ٷֵ㡣
ˣ˾涼ٴ¸ߡ
˾ȫȽϲСܣƢãҲʮֳɫĸ׻Ҫǿʢࡣ
̰غ˾֮еִŵҲ⣬Ĺ⣬뻹
̰غգҪ㻹ǻع˾ɣÿһҴڼУʱе鶼ǶҲһǺ۵ģһˣӦóеС
һԱ߲ͣĴ߷磬ΪľǿԾ˻ص˾
ÿһ춼ڼУҲѾ͸
ˣҪ诼һ棬һЩѡ
֪ԼΨһǸںɷչʲôĵزˣúõĴһء
һϾҪˣҲ֪úõչԼһһֱڿ㣬Ѿصǹ˰ɡ
̰غѾˣһжĻҲѾЩĵֿ
ӶѾˣպԽ˻úõĺԼŮ˻ӾͿʼһִСˡ
̰غû뵽ǣԴӶ֮еļƻѾȫǳĳҲѾߡ
ȻĻǺðɣеۡһ˵ţҲŵԼĶϣĺƺʮֵĲȣҪ硣
̰غһʼΪЦɿͷð亹ʱҲǴҴææĽ͵ҽԺ֮С
վ⣬ҲԽĽţ̲ѾվҵſڽŵȺ
ԼվﲻͣǻŵģҲ̲ס˵Чʶڵʱ̣еЦҲһνڸǣҲ֪ĸھôˡ
֪ĻͲӦӳҵֳеһʹ࣬պӳˣҲһҪúõĳһ£ĿС
̰غĬĬľѾеľºãܳǶӻŮһҪǸӺúõչ˺š
ڲͣĽţʱţӤҲô
һɫ԰׵Ĵ˳Ϊɷĳ̰غӵģֻǽһֱͣӵϡ
ӵĸ׿һ£һСӣҺܽأһȷʵܿء
ʿߴ˰죬Ҳ˹鿴ӣЩеļΧиԡ




530 С
 

֣ûʲôɣǲҪúõһʱ䣬ҪҽԺһһĴλȵ峹׻ָ뿪
̲ĸǲ԰׵ɫҲһЩǣǰ֪ôʹ࣬ĸӾ֪һǾ˺ܴѡ
˵ҲԣϽȥһЩרĸ׺úõĿһסһҪһЩõӪŶΪĸ׵һ塣
Ӷ˾ﲻͣĽ飬ǸѾԺ
说ҴҸʱľǻʿվﾽȵıźӲ֪ӡ
ǸǸĺܱǸĵľиеĵλˡ
诱Ҳ뿴һģһ뵽һڻʿĻӦҲֱӲͷƤȥ˿ӡ
Խһ۱㣬½ԼеתƵиϡ
һΪƣҲѾ˯ȥ֪һĵ˶ûУѾں޵Ĳ֪ˡ
һһϢҲڻָеԪǿľڲԱߵĳ̰غա
ôûкúõȥϢһأҲ˵ӷֵһ¹ڴ￴ңô˾ô죿
һ̲סһѯʣͷҲ΢΢ΪʲôڣԷ˵ӵô
ྲྀѾˣԼÿһֻ֪ͬ亢֣ûʸ̼ҵҲֻҴС󱻹ľ˼룬ΪһкӾӦöصġ
̰غؽŽͣ˿κεŭ˵ҲֺõЦݡ
̲һЩľԼĸһЦݡ
ˣôû˵˵ˣкŮ״ô
ԼĺӣһҲٵĽѯʣľǸӶ˴۵С۵ģ
ãҲˣӵԱ𶼲֪
һˣ㶼֪ĶĴڻʿĻж೤ʱ䣬Ǽҵų衣
һ̲סһ̾ٽյľʱҲԼĲӡ
Ծĺһײһǽ
ôôСģһˤô죿һ۵ġĪһѽӿ뵽Ҳֱһ͸˺һ
ֻҪŵѣѣ㲻ϵˣ˵պ󻹿úõֺһء
⵽ô£ǽһСոճĶҲ׵ıˡ
еѯʵóףһ¶˽ƻЦ
˵诵Ըôܺһزʶ˽飬ԭԤı
˵ĸôãΪѵľͿԷˡ
ǸˣһкܽҲ˧ŴʵĻ򣬵û뵽ǼҵĵλȻôĸߡ
ĽĻѿڶȴԾĿĪá
Ҳ֪ԺҾ˭ĵλһЩϣҪӳͰԼĵλӰˡ
ģܵʲôʱǼλԶߵģҪĽˣΪе㻹Уȱ˵ĸӵĺá
һһƿŷӦڵѽ
̰غգ۸š
һŸոմӲ߽ĳ̰غҲԾĺۿôί
鲻ó̰غҲǿٵĽ˺˳ȥһֱڽźƭ
ģܷʲô飬λԶߵģЩ˶Ȳ㲻ҪģҲķ˲ٵںúõϢ
̰غղͣĽŰڿ˯֮һȴǶ¼һʡ
ӹǻЩͷˣŵ
һһҪǵ
Ҳֻʼ磬ȴҲٷκελܳ޵ĳ̶ȣǿûκεĵߡ
֪֮һ¾ѾȥˣǸأҲѾչࡣ
һ1μԼĶӣڳԺ֮
ССһźཱུСʱĺأǲ֪ûô˧
һϾǵһˣڱӵַҲǱȽ졣
̰غտŻССһţһЩʣǰôԶǵһʱչġ
СֶԶ˵ġ
ҲոճԺҪúõϢһ²УѺӷŵбķչ㣬һֱŵġ
̰غһ߽źƭҲʶҪķȴӿ
һɵȴɵҾ֪ǲҺҵĶݻ˵ΪӲģĻôǾ뿪Һˡ




531 ͺ
 

һͣĽűԹΪ֪ܷʲô飬ԶԼ
̰غҲû뵽ŮƽҲ˵̫Ļ񲻽˾ЩӦ
ܵʲôʱԶĺӹ׽ΪĻͰˡ
̰غҲֱӽԼ뷨˵˳ǰཱུʱˣȴƫƫҪÿĸ״һ
һˣɲϣԼԶߣοԡ
ǿĶԼĸ״һѲҪһ𣿻˵һĸף
˫ֱҲﲻͣĽűԹһԼѾΪһԹˡ
ǰôûзԼⷽһЩĲܡ
˲Ҫˣⲻ𣿸οҽ˵ˣҪľǺúõϢѲ㲻ԼƷƷ𡣡
̰غ֪ʲô˵ʲô˵ֻҪССĽһڣͿ˲תŮ˵ע
ÿյĸҲʼԽĳ棬ʱʱһڹ˾֮УȥЩС¶
ĪΪڹ˾֮һĹɷݣԵ˾û˹ܡ
Ҫ㻹ǲҪ˾ˣÿһ춼ôĵġ
ԭڴеļȴڿԼԵǲԾԼıǼ⡣
ԴӶ֮ĸ֮˼ÿһһӤһԡ
ֵȻûһĹпڲͣӡ
ǿأûйûҪŶԸңһϻʲô˼
ɷ򵽵һˣ϶᲻˼ĻشǾһϷ
ʱһλгŻش
ˣ㻹ɣˣǰҿ˻ֶ˲Ǯһ֪㵽Ǹʲôء
飬Ҳеļһʡ
֪Էκ˼Ŀռ䣬ֱ˰칫ҡ
ǸĶӵӰ¶Цݡ
Ѿ֪Լɷ򾿾ʲôˣĿѧɹһʱ֪
ֻû뵽˻ͦߣԸ⽫Լݹı¶
Īüǿٵӳ˰칫ҡ
ΪԼĹʲôҫģ෴һֽţϾԼô졣
ϣ读صʱľﰲĪá
һ߽㷢϶žƵζ
ֺMichaelȥȾˣҶѾ˵ˣҪǸ˸ΪʲôҵأѲǾ˲һԡ
֪֮䣬ѾΪһĽķޡ
ÿһοʱͻĪһΣУܾǸҪԼɷ
ɱȴֵܱ̫ԡ
Michael˵һӵˣ滹ҪһӣԾͺˡ
ƵĪþһСһʮֹɣ˵ʲô飬Ӧ
ԭȻĻԺԶһˣһһʱ䳤˻ᱻȾɵϢĻ뿪Сɰġ
诲ͣĽյ֪ǰһ뻹ˣһվӡ
벻ҵСƽﾹȻһˣ׼Һ֮ͻʲôӦģMichaelѾˣʱڿǲٻˣһʵˡ
е£ҲȥС
תۼ䣬һĶѾꡣ
ײͬǣȵġ
һÿһͺӴһ𣬾˯ѾᵽӤС
ڳ̴ϰÿҹȥ˱صԼķ䡣
һ۷ֵľŮլӤС
ںӿԼ˯ˣЩſԳ׵Ľ
ֻϧ̰غյ͹˶
豧סһÿһ˵ĻЩ
ǸСأƺڶĽһСһֱǷӯͣ
ƫƫĳŮ˻֪һֱںǸƤ
㲻˹źӶѾˣӦԼѧ·ѧÿһڻô¡
ǿ֮еŭ𣬹װһƽӽȰ˵
̰غÿһ춼Լ˽ģ޲ӳš
תһ룬ϾԼĹ⣬ӲͷƤҲһҪų
һЩ⣬ֻÿźӣȴûע⵽Լ֮ҲָԽԽá
ĳ죬һ׼μһ磬ֵľЩڷӯ϶С˺ö࣬á
ǳ̰غռʹ˺ʵϱһޱӡ




532 ½
 

ĻϲȴŶĺһҲٴӭһϢôϾҪˡ
ΪѣȻҪָΪ顣
һһŮô˳Ϊ÷ˣкĻôͳΪһԺֵܣܵʱ֮Ĺϵϼס
Ůϲ̵˵ţ˿ûа˷ϣȫѾǵļͥλ
Īúͳ̰غĿ֮ȴĪ͸¶һΡ
Ȼ֪˴ڼ֮ͥеĵλߣ֮󻹾һЩ˼
벻һλûУӻ֮еĿģ
ܻǿˣҲֻ֪ǳӶѣûϵ˵ȥˡ
ﻥԾһЩɬȴҲܹıʾ
֪֮䣬еһжѾŸõķչҲɹһŮ֮Ĳֺ
һͳ̰غںӳԺҲŻУ̲ΪһոճСֻĬĬĳеչСƨΡ
ƫƫ˵δ»УҲֱӽȥϰԼ¡
Է޾һμ˸ָУڳ̲һ˴Сӡ
㲻ҪĪůÿһҪסһСѽ
죬̲ոմѧУľԼĵܴܵŵһ
ƫƫԶһЦǺǵӣûʶΣա
磬ǶѾǴˣͲҪˣ趼ѾͰȥˣҲϽһʵİ£ĺܺá
㬳ɹļ̳Լĸ׵Ƥ͸׵ĻǣҲһС˵ӡ
ĪůҲĸ׵ĹֱӰѳ㬵ԼδɷÿﶼǸС硣
СȻЩеһֱ¶Ľ׶ΣȴҲѱ˴˵˺û顣
֪֮䣬ԸĸѾ뿪꣬Щأ׳ɳûаЩϡ
Īůͳ˽һʱ䣬ѧУҲˡ
ȻҪһ磬ÿչá
Сѧ꼶㬴ѧУ֮ѾٻУݵĳƺţˣÿﻹвٵʳ
ĪůȻֻǶ꼶һСѧȴΪݵС
ĪůҪҸɣҪѧУʲô⣬һ԰㣬ʱдҵĻҲԽ㳭
һԸΪŵСк˹Це˵ſĪů֮ҲԵĴһЩϲá
༶ŮһһƯˣ˵¶ʮᡣ
һλϴĿǰˣ˵жʼһЩ¡
ĪůԺֻһ뷨ǾкӺóһ㶼ûг㬺ÿ
ԲѾδˣú˧Ȼ˵û˧ҲѾܺˡ
СС־߬סȹӵĽǣĪů˵ɫҲԾǺࡣ
㬴λϣԭдϰᣬȴû뵽һëͷС˽
㬣СϾͱˣ˵һСкء
ëͷСһ˵һ߳Ŵ⿴ȥٴλͷʱλϵǸӰ뿪
δʲôõģڻСҾѾ㹻ˣѧУҿ԰㡣
кɲģóһѵǹϡ
ôôҪҵСδޣΪʲô𣿡˽ǸССӰԼԵһЩŭ
ĪůСˣҲǿٵССǣס˳㬡
кҲû뵽ôɱһҧ𣬿취ȴҲûκͷֻڨڨȥ
ѧУ֮м֪һδ޽Īů
һڹ֪飬Ҳ̲סЦû뵽诵ŮȻĸȫͬ
˵һǵĶܲѾͷջصңĻǿǿ֡
һԼԵҲ̲סѯʣ֮ҲԵ¶Ц⡣
һ뵽ԼĴ£̲סԼ˸Ĵָ
ֻҪһЦû뵽ָΪ飬ȻĿԡ
̰غտԼŮˣֻЦȴĿתĿеļ
ŮԼȢģеʱͷԲҲûʲôϵΪЩһЩ
֮ҽһο̰غտٵĽһԼĴӣΪľǲСǻ
֪֮е鶼һһķı仯أҲѾ֮нΪ׼ҡ
ĪҽѧҲ˸ĳɾͣÿյƣҲӦˡ
诵Ĺ˾أҲѾʽĲ뵽ǿ




533 С
 

ĪůΪĸڼҵԵʣҲֱӺͳסͬһ¡
㬣һҪչ˺ãҪȥʱ乫˾ҲһҲһֱڹڡ
̲ԼĵܵҲ̲סһҲ֪ܵôˣԼȫһ
˾һӰһһһ档
㬼ֱһ꣬ĳЩԼĳɾͣҲ˲Ż᲻ܲˡ
ͷİɣôô߶أҿ϶չ˺Ѿͷο˼ҳƯƯģҲвٵ׷ء
㬿ٵؽŻӦԼûʶ֮жʼһЩġ
ˣԼ׾ͺãҸ㣬˼СѾͷ治ϲĻͲҪټԣϲĻŬȥ׷Ҳ֪貢ġ
̲֮ǰܵܽһ󣬱ҲѾֱ뿪
ĪůΪĳɼֱͳ㬴ڽڡ
ҸѧУ͵ʶңȻʱҺû꣬ǰСѧԷģǳˣһˡ
ѧ֮ǰڲͣĽỴ̂Īůֻĵ˵ͷȴһЩ̹
ǳˣÿһ˶Լ뷨ԭúõһ꣬ҲѾȻķı䡣
ҲǸλһ뵽еӣҲϣڣҿԻٽԼѧУҲסѧУ֮ҲһҪУУ͡
ڳɼҲ޼οǸ˼ңȻͿһ˽ѧУ
ңҺλĪůҲֱһλá
ϲֿλãΪÿһ΢΢һͷͿԿķ羰
ѧУһƬƬĻǶȿոպã΢ԼĿżֻ㡣
ҿ𣿡һΪŮ˹ԼĻһЩΡ
ĪůҲ⣬ֻǵ˵ͷתƵ档
ٳϸ꼶ѧڴ򣬰ɫӡźɫ֣ôۡ
ϿεҲѾ𣬳ŴҴææĻص˽ңʶҪĪůԵλȥڿ˺Ҳת˷
ĪůΪæµ飬Բע⵽µͬȴעˡ
˧ףյĺҲʼԽء
һֱ֪һΪ˧Ĵڣû뵽ĿˣһЩʵ
ҲѸٵ鱾˽򵥵һ˽ܹ󣬴Ҳ֪ǡ
ʱڣûκĻǣҲϣλͬѧܹʱڲ꣬Ժúѧϰһ°ĸɲ
ʦվڽ̨緢˧׵˾òһʦ
ӡ֮еĽʦͽϴ󣬿ʦǸոձҵһ
Īů༶İ೤ϣʱԴԣ༶
߿ٵĴӳɼɨʦҲֱӿʼ
㬣೤ʱһ°೤ƽճϣ˿Իﻥڰ༶֮У˵ĳɼõģҲ԰һЩСͬѧ
ʦôҲû뵽ԼⷬպҲһʾ޴鷳
ɺһۿ㬵ʱ;ܲһ㣬ƫƫԼͬǰ೤֮Ҳи
Īů͸೤֮ǰһֱһѧУ֪֪೤ϲһЩʲôܸ𣿡
ֻΪʶʱһЩˣɺҲЩɬֱӽһѯʡ
еԭǦʵСһעĪůϡ
˻Īů˯ͻȻʹУ̲סһվӡ
ʲô˯ʱҪҺ𣿡üͷ˵ҲǺܺá
ƽʱⷽȽء
Ļ˻Լ֣ϵѪҺڲͣʣֱѪҲһ¡
˿ƺһЩ
ڿѪһ̼ɺҲɵ۲֪ǺãֻһһĵС
Ǹû뵽Ҳǹģ鷳ԭңҪڴȥҽҺúõĿһɡ
ٵקס˵֣ΪڻңҲ˿ϰ˺ü¡
ûʲô飬ԼȥҽҾͿԣѧϰɣҲ㡣ǣǿĳǣĪůͻȻͬһ鷳¡
㬸һϰԵĿһĪůľǴ۵ĺɫ
ƫƫŮǲ֪һ˿ڶ
ҴȥҽңǵģôôСأ
ǣֱȥҽң˵Ĳ֮䶼ż١
Ѿͷƽµľˣû뵽ջôһӣȻԵġ




534 ʰ
 

СôŪģŪôһӣƤ۵״̬Щ̡
Уҽһҩһ˵ţ˶ʼһЩϧ
Ӿ֪һǸ˼ҵĺӣƤ۵״̬һһ
׵ĶһЩ⡣
Ҳû뵽ͻȻԭϢҸоӦûʲô飬СƤģҲ˲ˡ
ĪůҲû̫⣬ԾԼһЩƣ
ֻúõϢһ£Щ飬һͬһ鷳¡
ҲǶԷ㣬ôֻأѲһξɵۣСҴܵĹȥĶˡ
̲סһָȴһֱͣ˿档
ͦһ˺ۣԼĿԿ淭ŵ⡣
ƤͷĪůҲټ˵ЩʲôԼҲɻǴϡ
ҪúõϢһ£ǲϿεĻҲһϢһЩˡ
һǷ΢΢ĲͷҲֱ˯˹ȥ
ǽ۵ףҲ˵ЩʲôֻΪЬӸǺñһԽ顣
ɺѾЩŪͷԣһʱϿעʼУڱƵʦá
ĪůУҽһʱѾˡ
㬳ٳûлҲ֪ȥʲô
鷳һ£Ҫȥϣʦ˵һ£ȥһλãҴϲͬκ˽̸
ĪůȷƢԼֲǲôûˡ
һʼʱȷһЩŲԸƽϣϸʱҲ̫ࡣ
ͬÿﶼ취ȥ㬵飬еʱ򻹻Ķȥֺñˡ
һʼʱ򻹿װ⣬ͬѧûбҪѹϵŪ˽Ӳڲͬˡ
СǱϵСôˣѲɻҪԵ
ɺһݼɣⷬҲǳવĿŪĺǱ۸һ
Ǹոճе˶½ԼλϣĽŽ̸ĳҭҲǿٵΧ˹
ĪͬѧĲǹģôͻȻ㣬ҸʲôҲ֪Ҵˡ
ͣɺΪҲǼԼ裬ѧУ֮УԶһˡ
Сˣ޵ĺǳԣѾϰߡ
Īů׾ӵݼҲķһۣҲֱſ˯
ΧҲԽԽǿңĪůʵ̲ȥˣֱһϷ
ٵԼֱһ£Ϊ˲ͿʼһЩס
⣬һѣôöԸһѡ
ɺͬѧôϻһӣУҽ˵ˣһ㣬ҿѪܶҪˣûҵһָܣֻҵһǸôΪʲôҪеĹѵҵϣ
Īůһ˵һᣬɫĽԼɴ¶˳
ԼԼĻ¶˿˿Ѫ
ԭҪɺ˵ûҲ˲ת˷ҲпʱΪĪů˵û
ʱҲˣȷʵǼɺͬѧ˼ϻģҵʱѾɵۣҲûκҪ˼УҽҵĴ㡣
ˣǵԣҶһЩ־壬µʱԼҲһӡ
ǹҧ˼Ҷûƽϣڿʼװί˻ĴǵԣϵĻǰ𡣡
һʱ֮еĻﶼʼԼɺĪůʼնﲻͣĿ˵ıͷʼһЩˡ
ֻúЩ˼ƽϣûκε̡
δεϣ˿˶һЩ
㬾鱨ʦҲѸٵĻص˽ңľĪůվģǵʹŵߣҲԸоǷί
ûκԥľ˹ȥ˱˻УͣĽŰοȴԼĽš
ԭһĳݼ֮еĪůڸоůĻ֮Ҳ΢΢һЩ׾Ƿʲô
ôͻȻһԼ˻УҪһο
Ȼ˵СʱģڵһЩͬ
ģôһΪ㱨ģο˸ûʸټİ༶
СؽŰοȻ֪ŮпϷ̲סۡ
ԭҪȤˣⷬҲֻܰеĻʻ˶ӣ˴Сһֱһ𣬾һá
һȻ֪ġ




535 ֱʹ
 

೤˿߽ʦеľӷ˿ϣҲٵɢȺ
ɺʧȥӣҲҷκ졣
ĪůΪƣҲΪǻ֮г˯˹ȥ
˱ֱӳУ԰Ҳ绰磬١
ĪůСһֱһëرƣ˵󣬻˯һʱ䣬ʱҲ֪ʲôʱܹ
ǸոϳеԭʱԵûеǸʱڲŻ˵˯߰ɡ
ĬĬڴߣͣĽϾ㬶Լ˶Ҫ֪Ƣôܰȥչһأ
ڻѧУѾպˣɺΪԼҲֱӱѧҲвٵ˱ϳ˸Ļ¶
ΪһСҲʱԵȴҲӭ˵һε¿
ĪůԼһһڴԵλãҲԵһЩ塣
ʱҲ͵͵ĿǸλҪȥ
뵽Լ˵ĻҲã̫жֻܾĵȴʱ
¿ĵÿһ˵϶ŽŵķΧҪ֪ɹغʦеӡ
㬺ĪůЩҲûκεĽԣѧУЩѾǰѧˣҲֻһУ԰
Īůû֮󵽵׸ôһֱһһͻȻֿˣ
ŷŷȴһЩĲɵġ
ҲżȻ֮˵ЩĻʱһ뵽ľѾͷӰôÿһ춼һѾϰб˴ͻȻָֿô죿
Ҫעֿ˭ûа취ԵĻһٴɣʱҿҪ뿪һʱգҸĸ˵ȥǱ߽һȫµĽ
Īůǲ˵ЩģԷѾἰˣҲټȥ
ʱ֮ô黹ǰأ
ڿǰ飬㬶˵ҲֻǸõϲɡ
Ļ羡θոѿİ龡ɱҡ֮С
ȻʱպҲһҪܾĥ
ÿѧУĻӭ̶Ҳɼһӷۺɫ˷ܺɿҲ˵Ƿݻӭ
ҪߵĻҺһȥɣڹڵʱ䳤ˣҲһЩû˼û㣬ҿ»һЩϰء
Ϊ̫ڽˣеĻѿڶҲһЩȡ
Ҳ֪ôˣֻҪһ˵ԷҪ뿪Ϣͻ᲻ԾһЩ꣬ķֿˣպҪˡ
ĪůرƯֿ֮ǱҲһвٵ׷߰ɣȵǸʱ֮ûйϵˡ
ô԰ߺܺðôŮӣȴҿɲһһ׷߶ӵС
ǣǿĳǣһʱ֮䲻һЩ
ʲôʱʼԥأ֮ǰѾ˵ˣһ;ͻ뿪ʲôá
Īůϲ㣬㿴СӵĸһЩЦʶôʱ䣬֮ǰѾָΪˣԲԵ˾ֻһ
Ҳֱ˵Լ뷨һЩԼߡ
ǰСѧ׶԰ʱÿһ춼Щ˵¶ûзĸԸչѾͷ
ڲһˣ½½ĳĪůҲѾǸޱӵСŮ
ҪһݳŵҲҪһҡ
֪ҲǣҲҵĸʧңȵһʵʱ䣬ȻϣʱһʱɿĴӱ
û£úõһٷȴ󹲽һ͡
ĪůڵڶѾ˷ķɻҲÿﶼᳯǸλȥǿһƬں༶µͬѧǸλá
һε¿ɼˣĪůǵ1˵־ͬһпҲ˵İ䡣
Īůȥ֮ҲٵϢԼϲרҵҲڶ̶̵ļʱھԼɫĳɾ͡
ٴλعʱѾǸ߶һѧ
ôʱһֱеʼÿﻹƵҲԼ֤кӵĳɳ
ѧ߶A
༶ȺһһϢͣĺըţ˲˵ע
˵𣿽ҪһͬѧһƯŮӣ˵ҲеģֻǺȥѧϰˣ֪һƯŮ
Ҫ˰ɣôôƯѧУǰ֮дӡ
ܷʵܹǸУǲҪˡ




536 תѧ
 

תۼĹ99+Ϣڰ༶Ⱥڳ֡
㬶ЩȤֻǾڲٳϣͰơ
óֻƬ㣬ֱӷǸԺСѾͷɵ˰춼˻Ӧ
һǸȦǰսиµģƬ֮ƺһкӵӰ
Īů㵽ڸʲôΪʲôϢǲ͵͵ˣҸ㣬ͻСο˿ָΪ顣
ֱӷһȥ㬻ǾһЩģһһĲǸ绰ȴԷܾ
һʱ֮˵ҲѾ⵽˼㣬ΪϿԵʣ»Ҫڲٳš
ſλϣֻԼĶʼ䵽˹ȵס
ǰʲôʱѾͷǵһʱظԼϢɽôˣ绰Ҳӡ
̨ϰ೤˳ĲҵͽĻεĵҲԭһЩֵĽҵõƽ
Ұһ£һµѧһƯŮӣϣʱԻﻥԼȥѡһλɡ
ʦֱӽ˴˽ңĪůǰ༶֮Ҳҫ۵Ĵڡ
ߵĴɨٿſŵǸӰҲǲԾ
û뵽ôʱˣɣ˼绰ѣſ
Ůλúܷġ
СһѺóԵģ

һһĺǰڣҲõκεѹ֡
ĪůѾϰҲֱԾеźţڳ㬵á
鷳ĳҲǲģȴûۡ
λͬѧͬûеĻҿ𣿡
˾࣬ɼˣڱ˵ȴһʺ
Ҫ֪λǰ༶еĴǸ׵ǣһԼٵ鷳
Ҳ˵λƢÿˣһһҺ԰СŮ
ؽ˻ӦҪ·ӦʱҲʶֱӡ
ȻĻǺðɣλͬѧԸһأڵƲƲ죬ĪůҲһֱٴοڡ
㬱ȷΪôϤԺ֮УѾԿôꡣ
ٴظʱҲȷԼ뷨Ѿͷǻˡ
ĪůվסҿҺ˭һ
͵һӣԭڴҲ˲˹ȥٵſдҵ
Īůǲ⣬ɲλħ
λͬѧ˵ʲôΪʲôո㲻ҴģΪʲôڻҪͬһλأǾҼǵÿǺأû뵽ôʱ䲻ĳλͬѧƢ˲٣һӦùص⣬úõȥѧϰҵרҵ
ĪůװһʧǵӣҪ߳ңȴֱӱס
뿪
Ȼ֪ʶģһ֪˵ĹϵҲټͣȥȻͬѧǺ۹⣬һҪĥˡ
Լϵ֣Īůֻ΢΢ĵͷȴҲûκλӦ
֣ͷϸķ˿Ҳ˾ָв
ˣλðɣһҪϿˣٸңҪعˡ
֮У԰ڶʼصų㬱ŮӵϢ
Ҳвڴ֮ĹϵҲͬѧм䱬ϡ
תѧҲ˵Ұ֮б
ֻϧתѧ֪ſϾ˯ţԱߵĿǳ㬡
û뵽ôʱȥˣССëǸĲˣֿʼ˯
治֪һڹ⾿˭չ˲ԣѲػߡ
ţĽֻ˳
ٵĽ˻ƮƮȻ״̬Ϊա
治ͣĽŷģȻһѵĸϢؽЩϢɾҲʱ˲١
ôһûдӦԼһܵġ
Ǳ롣
ĪůѾ˵ĶȴҲûн͡
ôʱˣһƣ˯ģûиı䣬ǲ֪ʲôʱ֢״ſԻһЩ
¿Σһʱ䣬ŴҴææȥС꣬ΪľǸһţ̡
Ѿͷϰ߾̶֮ĻһЩ̣ΪĻ滺һ˯߹ַꡣ
뿪һ򣬲ٵѧѾۼ⿴
ɷϵǵȷǱȽƯ˯ˣҲԸоϸƤ
ֲһô˵ע⣬ԭ˻ǳùƯġ
ŮѣһӵҲˡ
ֻϧ֪תѧĳɼôһܺðɣ




537 
 

ָ˵硣Īůԭ֮УЩֵҲ̧ͷ
鷳λͬѧһ£Ҫ˺һۣûʲô⣬Ϣҡ
߾ɨ˵ףĪůҲһоЩ˳úƽ
⣬վǹһĨЦݡ
û뵽عľ˯˯ƺŻû׽С
˫ֲڿӶҲĪůӡ
Īů˯Ļҿɲܱ֤еҶټ˯ȥ»ع֮ѧҵҪΪ0֡
һرӣ˵ĸоر𰲾еʱأҲʮֿš
ȻMichaelĶӣԸһмһ˵MichaelҲѾ֮УÿԼŰĦֻΪֻġ
һ뵽˯֮ĪůҲ͵վӡ
ģôҲعˣΪʲô㲻ħأ
װģ˵һЩʲô飬ȻܻصǵѧУ˵ⲻһһ˯治
ȵЦţϵЦҲԵôĽӲֻ
ɶ˵һ鶼ûУֻҪܹħ죬һеĻֵõġ
һ£һЩҪ˵ˣǸ㣬ʱĸĸҪȰûǰÿϿΣȻټ˯ȥĸ֪ˣҪȥˡ
ĵȻСŮһεĻصǸյĳû취ҲŮܱ֪
ĪůСһƣͻ뵽˯֮У˯Ҳ˵ܿ޸
ʹҲˣֻҪ˯һʱ䣬еĶᷢ仯أһ
ĪůڵƤ˽ۣϸûκεĶ
νβƶһ
ҸߣҶصǸطˡٵĽŻӦǸҲֱ뿪ԼĻԸоΧѹֵա
̻ľǿһ˵λԶȥԿ˿뿪Ӱ
̵ֲԾֽ߬ʵ̺Ҳ˲ѣҲٵţǡ
㬲֪ôģֻ͵͵ĸȥվ½Ž̸ҲǸӷŭ
û뵽ôʱ䲻СѾͷȻôһòԼ¡
Ҳ֪˾˵ʲôĪůȻˮ
͵͵ĴǰȥΪľǿ˵Ļ
ȷ㲻ٻȥǲȥĸ֪ˣ㻹ҪӲĿУΪǸкֵ𣿸οнģھεĹУҲԱ֮硣
̲סѯţСŮҲǸӵ
ǲˣѾͷµľǸӣƫƫΪкĸԸȥܡ
㲢ףĸԸôܣ氮֮ڲҲ˱΢ָΪ飬ұҪԣ뿪ôʱҲӦûˡ
ǣǿЦݾСϽŻص֮Ľ̸ԼĿԸоԼйء
ҲȰ㣬һҪס鲻ٸ߸ˣˣҲܰյĽʣпȥо
ôһ仰Ҳֱ뿪ĪůһվĶӣƾʡ
Ҳ֪ôƵģͿٵԣ˱
ܷʲô飬㻹Ҳǳ˯Ѿ֪£˯飬а취㣬ɵϣΪֵ𣿻ĸԸĻص㲻ϲĵط
ԭܾ֮䲻ɢ
Ҳ˼ĿףϾҲиȥġ
Сͷһ⣬ҲһֱڲͣĽо
Īů֮ԻҪΪĸףĪڵĻ򲢲ͬЩ޹ؽҪ
ȵһ䣬ͻתĪůҲһ
ȫ֪ˣʵһλΪ㣬ֻҪһڵûʲôĻȻؽҰɣһЩˡ
ٵѿ»صλϣĪůҲһ˯ߡ
°౨ʱ򿴼ģǸСŮſ˯һжôİꡣ
㬣ϣػŮӣΪ̫ˣ֮ȥ⣬ΪǺ¸鷳
֦Ͼķ裬֮ĶԻҲô




538 Ҹ
 

ůůĸҪˣһѧĻֱӺ߰ɡ
㬽ҲԸټͨ
Щзִ磬ֻǰ˯ѣʲô⡣
ԭҪˣȻĻǲĸǲҲҪһһ۰ɣϾôʱûˡ
ӣ˵˼ҲڲͣĽŷ衣
֮˾һֱԼԣô궼ı䡣
һʼո¶ʱָΪ̫ڻ
ڿЩһʼѾעˣκ˶ûа취ıġ
ģҲһȥɣ֪Michaelʱ׼ʬɡ
ĪůҲ̲סһȤҪ֪Michael.ҪľǹעԼĶӣҲΪſԲӵϲ
ҪˣҿɲԸÿһζöҵĹӮĸ׵
ѾԼ׵ıԣһʼΪΪںԼ
û뵽ֻΪֺš
ˣɣסʲôĻһʱҴ绰
ԷԸĪůҲټĴԺͳһ뿪ѧУ
صǸΥļ֮ͥУľҳȫۼ
벻ͷԾһͷպҲΪ׼ҡ
һ߾Ÿпһ߿Լĸ磬ôʱˣ治֪ô¡
̲Ŀ⵹Ҳ⣬ᣬڸҲû̫뷨ֻҪһ㴦ͷϵЩ
ôԴӽӹܹ˾֮еĲƷ͹˾չҵҲڲͣĽչ
ⶼѾ˳̼ҵҵ
ֻϧЩҪȥоӪأҲѾϣÿպԼܡ
ҼȻѾˣôҾһ飬СĶ鴦һ£㬺Īůôһֱ÷ͶϣȻ˵ĻôҲӦټԼĸ顣
̰غձһˣȻҲһףΪԼĶ롣
ѾͶӹͨˣĪҵСҲʮϲȻĻӦһ
ľһ𣿻ɲǶϷԺһˣҪҪ飬ЩҳĿɲͬ⡣
ĪÿԼŮԼĻֳһ˿ǡ
ϵСĳʲô飬Ϊ׵ĵȻԸ⡣
ɬĵͷĪůһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵Щʲôãֻܺ߹ؽŻӦ
ûⶩҲʽճ̣ڶǰһշתߡ
ҲԼһҵ֮ͳ׵ľл
Īůڸ׵£˯ҲѾĻ
ҲѾʽĿԼƷƺ͹˾͸Ҳǿǿ֡
ҵҲڵľ˶ʽ
Ϲ˵ںǶѾˣǵӦȥܲһֱаɣ
ΪɷĻУһ̲ס˼Ժ֮ҲǸӵǡ
û뵽֪֮;һˣ˴֮ҲһЩ
˽20ˣ˵ĸͬ»һ
ǳˣҲϰɷڳŻҪϵʽ
̰غ̲סڣȻҲΪ˺úõĴ̼һ¶Է
ǰۿһ˺ͺһڨ˵ЦĵһԶ
ޣȻĻôһӺˣ׳ģ֪ǰм˺ҴڨҪȻ飬úõȥһԵѰһ̼
һȻǸо˶Է֮еǷݴ⣬ûϵ
˵̼˼ֱټѲˡ
УҲˡ̰غտٵĽ˷Ҳֱӽ˱ȥҡ
źصķŻһ
㬺ĪůҲʼԼҵÿҲǼࡣ
Ƶ꣬ĪůʣµĹҲ׼úõϢȴû뵽ڴ˿̱졣
͸ۿϤ¶ЦݣҲٵĽŴ˿
ôͻȻˣһΪ㹤æأԴӱҵ֮󣬴ҶæԵˣҲ˸Եҵһ붼û
ǣڴߣֿһЩ
Զõģأ㲻֪νӦԡ
ǰǰСʲôҪģʹˣͻȻӵеһһЩȤ
ƣĿůůϣŽ͹ɶǵķ;һЩͷʹʹվﵱһ϶£Ҳһܡ
㶼֪Щɶÿһ춼취ԼﵽƸߵ㣬ȴûм̫ȱ©Ļ⣬治֪ġ




539 ů
 

ĪůֻΪĦԴȴûй˵Щʲô
ܲ˸ԤοѧϰķȻͬ
ѧҵأֻҪһԼֹ˾
˵ʵһһ˼ǵĴǰΪǸʱÿһ춼ǵٲÿﱼҵֹ˾Ȼһֱϣܾﲻ̫׵ġ
Īů˵ģ˾ʮ
ʲôȥҸ磬Ͼ֮ǰҲⷽչ˵ʱܹһЩõҲȦЩǱȽѵġ
ԭڱĿⷬҲ͵۾
ְҵɣÿһ̸⣬˶ʮ־
ʱ˵ɣûȥЩеʱúõĸԼһҲǺģҲһЩľһЩԱȻʱҲû취
ǣǿĳǣڵƣ̲סһ̾Ϣ
˵绹Ǵ۸أеʱǻĪķһЩȥЩ
ţǶѾˣ㿴ʲôʱԡõ˶ݵķɣҲ»ָʶ
㬿ûԼ˴ǰĿġ
ô꣬ڿԺúõķһˣȻܴʧᡣ
Ƭ̣ŷӦԷ˵ľʲôҲԾıĺ
㣬㡣ɬĴɬҲջ
ոտ˻ĳȻ׵ķŹǰһҹȡ
գĪůѾͣԼĻ飬Ҳ͵ӣȴԾǣ˿ڡ
˫ȵдȵĶ
Ժ֮еƬҲڲͣĽŷӳĪůա
ޡĵһ䣬Īů»·ľװվĳ㬡
ҿһЩϲײ͸㣬һãָһȷһЩ̫ƣˡ
ڲǰһ˵ţģ˺ӡ
߲ԾǴ㾹Ȼвٵ˺ۡ
ӡ
ôˣŪӵԵһЩǱǲǺͱ˴ˣ
ĪůãȻĽѯʣΪľѿ
û췢һУôܻʹ
ܰɣָ׵ȷӦüˣϾеʱָ̫ˣҲһЩۡ
˵ţʹĳ˳Լϵ˺ҲǸӵķԼĿԿָӹĺۼ
ԼֲͣĽŲ鿴ֵľָ׷ﻹЩѪ˿
Ǹҽ컹ҪȥһҪĻ飬ûʲôĻҾˣʣµͲͷˣҾͻع
Ҵææ뿪˷䣬һֱվڵǿŲȵģŰ
ЩۼĪůֻԼջȡ
ô飬ȻԷˡ
һ۰ɣ
ججس˵ݣĪůӭײһǽ
ٴ̧ͷʱľǼ信һǽŵıҲԿó͡
ǸǲײˣˣȤǵĻңůֵܲãϣʱкĻᡣ
ٵĽԼƬ˶ԷУĪůŴҴææ뿪ûԼĻ顣
Ǹæ뿪ӰԼĿڡ
ΪһŮӣ벻Ȼˡ
ů𣿺ոճֵһֹ˾С˵вٵǶ
ȥһ²ͬȻҲԿһԼͬµ׶ëꡣ
үҪȥȦҪ֪Ǻܻҵģү֪ˣһ׷Źġ
һԵĹܼҺĵĽѣΪľǷֹӶһ
ȻܣеʱҲ̫ڱꡣ
ɶȦүԼĽɣϾ֮ǰ˾ΪȦвŻܵݺ
ĸ׵һ飬Ҳϣ㲻ҪԤҵ飬ľˣκ˶ûа취ֹңֻҪҵĸԸ
ֱ߽˵ݣ˿ԷκξܾĻᣬҲֱӽ̸
˵ĵȷûȦлĿӣԼĿģοǸϰ忴ӡ
СѾͷҲȻӦúúõŬһ²С
Īůϵʱе˶ѾԿٵľ˶Χһࡣ
ܸ˴μӽⳡ飬ҪǸ˵֪ͨôǲԼҵ˺̶ȵΣϣõƽĶԴǻ뵽ȦӶԼ룬ҵĿÿһվ۷С




540 Ϊ˰
 

Īů칫ڶʮʶҪԣһЩѡ
֪ǵһȽСӣⷽȨһҵļ⣬ֻΪҵĸĸǳɼˣΪǵĶŮҪС
ⳡ׼˺ܳһʱ䣬ΪľǿЩŷԼ
Ҫڶݵʱȡã˵ǲ׵ġ
ֻԼе붼ʼù
ҲϣԼĹ⻷׵ıûһʼҲһˮ׼ŬҲǱز١
ҵǶǸλǰΪǰбҪǿ뷨ȷһЩɶ˵ǵĹֲ֧ǰĶ
һ鵽ȴ˹֮ս鱾ˣֻвŬ㣬ſԵõ˵Ρ
һĪů󱳶Ѿ˲ٵĺˮһվҲѾɹˡ
ů֣ȻǸոճģΪĳɼҲԺԡ
Īůڻع֮󣬵һǿʼԼļ
ֻҲһĨǡ
˽˺룬ôܻ֪Ժ֮в֪һƬΣӵ绰ֶʼһЩ
챻ھˣҪ뵽ֹ˾ǷԼǮʲôĺֻҪңҲҵδޡ
绰һͷ˿ھѾȷԼĿ꣬ҲֻΪԼŮˡ
Ϊ˲Ӧǰ˵ãȻʱͻʧȥ
ȷ𣿽뵽ȦӿɲһС£һ˾Ҫɰܡ
ĪůȷţԼСҲ΢Щǡ
δ֮ǰôûС˵
ȷҲֻǳ裬ûϷĴ㣬ҵ׷֮ͻ˳
ͷҲĪůЩ޴룬ǰôûзأ
Ѳڵ˶֪ԼҪľʲô
ĻԼСһ΢
ãʱĻһ°ɣʱһһȷķϣʱ׷ԼҪˡ
ĪůҲټ˵ЩʲôֱӹҶϣǺԼɷúɣ
ڵ֪ŻҲǵһʱص˼׼͡
ĪůһؼʱһƬڡ
⿴Ҳôů
ڻˣҶ׼ϳʱˣôոջع϶кܶ಻Ӧĵطʲôģǵҷһˡ
㬿ٵĽеİ˹ŵһԣҲֹסİ
ҽһֵˣ˵Ҫҵֹ˾ϰֻ࣬裬ҪΪҵ˵δ˵ǲǺ֡
ٵڲǰһӾµĲƷʳҲԾĴ򿪡
ǰô֪㬻
ǲҲͦõ𣿷Ǹ˲һκʵԵҲһ£ָΪҲټ
㬶ûϣ޹ء
Ȼô˵ûԺһأϾеʱһֺܸӵĶ
̲סѯҲǸӵǣʱԼڸ黹ԽԽã
ģЩ˵Ҳֻټ򵥲¶˼С֮ĸ飬ܹܲĽиԤԼ
ΪеţпҲֱӲݲݵĽ⡣
ԴӽͺٴһᣬȻӦúúϧ
οſ磬Ȼ¡
˵Ҳԣ˼֮ĸҲûа취ԤҴʱȾӪһʱĹ˾Ȼٿһһķչ˵ʵͦϲǸСģƽҲȽϿɰ
ԼСĪůǵЦҲʼҸ
ǵԼ֮ǰڣСһůġ
û¿ЦʱǸСԶǵһ죬һС
ңɳϲͣĴŹҲڴ˿̱˿
ŵ˽ȥװһſû뵽Էˡ
ôôŻȥѾ˵ˣÿһڼͿԣα˱µأ
һԵĵԣֱӽק˹Ҳڲͣ۵С
û뵽ôʱ䣬Ѿͷˡ
ףϰһµˣ˵ʱҪ裬˵Ǹ˻᳤ʲôӣ᲻˧
Щˣ;Լ۾ʼһЩ軨
ڹ˾̫˧磬ڶ˧綼˵ֿ
ɲ֪ΪʲôÿһοǰʱǲԾĺ
Ҿ֪ˣΪҿֱӽ뵽Ȧڣǵȵʲôʱõͬ⣬Ҿͻ˳




541 Ǳصİ
 

ױûԷϾһҪľ̹ϡ
ԭЩ΢Сڴ˿̱ˢףƺǲŶԷľ
Ҫ֪ľ뵽Ȧڡ
Ļʱ򲮸һᷢŭͻص⣬ȵǸʱҪˡ
ھʹӦ㣬ǧҪȥ֪ͻᱻߣȵǸʱǹһˡ
Ů˵ţۿ֮ȴ̲˲ٵˮ
֮кԶԼԣһֱȥ⣬¶κεĿɬ
ֱһǰٴżеԵָϡ
Сɵ˵Ҳ飬κ˶ûа취ǿңοΪ㣬ҿɲϣҵȥչˣرԡ
֣ΪõѾ飬׿һЩۡ
ȻһֱڹڣҲеĹעСѾͷСѾͷѧУҲһȽܻӭĴڣвٵ׷ߣÿһиָİ취ȥܾ
ʱڹ⣬ԼˣСѾͷأǲҲȥܾ
ҪɣҴȥҵĹݹ˵ҲûôȳҲֻҪһһİ취ôԺص˾ϰ࣬飬𣿡
֪ԼģôҲֻǰӣڽָܸĸʱԼΪɡ
һʼ˻ţǵ׵Ƭʱ˶ţһһף̬
ϲСʱѾʼֻڲ֪֮оѾΪ
һʼʱǺ˵ϲݹϲĻΪʲôҪأֻΪҪҽһ㣿
׶ⷬԵһЩɣӡ֮УСѾͷɲǿԼκε顣
ǰҺû̫ľ룬ڲͬԽԽ㣬ҲһҪԼУֻԼվͬһ߶ȣΪľǷֹʱһ˵Һ㲻䣬Ҳûԡ
ɬĵʹͷͣؽֻۣԼһеۼһ̡
ɵѾͷҴҪϲ㣬ʲôҶϲ·ԼѡģõүӵУҲĸԸ֮ϣܹȹһʱĹģһ죬Ҿͻ˳ȥӹܹ˾
ѾˣһеȻäĿľԼĸ鵱ϷȻ׵ȥŪһŮӵС
СѾͷС϶ĴڣδĿҲĸԸ
үӵáΣֻҪܺСѾͷһһжֵõġ
ǣףĻģʱҸôܰأҼǵһΥԺڹ졣
һεĳ󱳵亹ҲԾ˳
治ٴηΡ
ӡ֮екԶǽΪ˧ģǱӶ͸¶һ˧
һβͬ׾һĴһ˿κε
Ҳǵ1ᵽʲôк£Ҳᵽʲôʧȥ
ɵѾͷҰ֪Ϊģ϶ͬ⣬ο֮ĸǵõϿɵġ
׿ɵСѾͷͻȻԼ뿪һѡ
뿪ʱСѾͷÿһ쾿أ
СĽ˱ԹͻȻ֮ѾϤ˱˴˵С
ͳԵԶҸһʻҲǸӵϲá
ô꣬ڵȵһ죬ȻӦúúõףһ£οδӻְǻŵүү̣ѣүء
˵ֱ꣬Ӱ˱ʼС˼ƻ
ڶ죬׺ͬʱůֵģֻϧϰΪƣϰࡣ
ΪϰȻǰһжźˣûκǰ¡
ӽֵµˣǴԳΪҲ㰲һרҵʦ㳪ԼһЩҾľˣʲôҲңڻעһ΢˺ţʱԿϲˡ
Ͼڹ棬˵һ˿̬Ҳ˾ʮֿɰ
״ʼնάһЦǰСѾͷôһ̣ȻѾͷˣǸֻ֪ˡ
ף㲻Ҫһֱңٸ㽲أ淢ʲôô죬ʱûа취ģȦĺܻңû֮еô򵥡
һĹеĶ±Ѿɢľੲݵѡ




542 ŭ
 

ԣ𳳡˱ڻУ˵ţֻһǰδеƣУϯͷ
Ѿóʱû߶ˣһһЩʵ
ôˣԭצСڴ˿ͻȻ˾мֲӦ
ϤϢҲ𽥵뵽˯֮УӦҲ˰ǵ۵ϡ
ǽΪԣһʱ֮侹֪˵Щʲô
治֪ÿһ쾿ڸΪʲôҪԼŪôأһܺõļͥƫƫԼæµ
ƣﲻһЩۣ뵽ЩΪԼҲӵΡ
һ֮䲻κνָôأصʱһɡ
Īů˾ʱѾ磬һֱڴЩºͲҺͬȱ©
ϰˣµ˶ѾˣͬҲѾǰˣֻҪǩ֡
俴ϰϵĺۼ˵ҲǸӵĺ
Ȼ֪ϰѾˣƫƫǾһЩţ˵Ͳࡣ
Сû뵽һ˵ˣƤôԺôأЩ˧磬ѲһҪ𣿡
ĪůٵգǻȵĸоҲһЩӦ
ſҵŮˣΨһҵԣȫķӽһֱҵߣûʲôĻҽԼ죬һ뿪
ײ֪ʲôʱҲѾվſڣԼҵСӣ֪һǱϰ٩ˡ
عͷվſڵˣĪůҲû˵Щʲôֻ΢΢ס
˶ѾˣȻĻҲûбҪȥиԤ˼֮УԼΪϰܲȥԱ
ЩӦԼֻһͨͨСϰ壬ûʲôĻǶ˼
ֱͳԼİ칫ңϰϣԾһЩƣ
պһҪڼһЩҹˣټȥ˾ˡ
ӰڣɯŸָա
Ҹһǹ˾ˣǸɯģȻ˵ͦƯģ˵ƢǺܺãһ˧ͻȥͣĴк˵ҲҪԶһ㡣
һ߽ŽͣһԼҪΪľǷֹʱԼ˱ˡ
ɯȻȽϳɫƷȴôֻΪ⻷Ĺϵôʱû˸ҹȵȥָ
ҶѾ˵ˣһҪǰͿ˵ģҪĶһõģ㿴ʲô·̯ЩСҲӦøҳͲһ𡣡
ոսɯ鲻ǺܺãҲֱΪǸ
ӡ֮ԶӦñʹģûκεȨִС
Ǹɯ㣬û뵽Ѿܾˣʵ̫ˣŲϣһʱŸġ
վﱰϥĽŽͣۿ֮Ҳ̲˲ٵˮÿһζֱԽԽźˡ
ոտʼʱ˻һ㣬ûôƢɲ֪Ϊʲôһ˶ʼˡ
ѲΪ˶ϲΪ𣿻˵һƷûУһͦÿѱˣѲЫĳ
׼ԼıѾͷҪͷҲ˻Լ󿪿ڡ
ƽʱ˵ȻЩ飬ڲһ˺һ˵¶Ȼ׺ԡ
һСϾһˣѲɾӦ÷ı۸ʺȦ
λ˧鷳㲻ҪأҪ֪Ҷ˧Ǻòģο鱾ĲԣΪΪʲôҪĽˡء
ǰˣɯһֺϤĸоȴҲ벻ˣ֮ǰμʱģȴֲȷ
ԭˣ֪һκͱ˲μʱԵ˺ǶͦİɣǸͺ鷳һǼҲμᣬúõһʵа飬֪ʱŪ̫⡣
һͱȽ϶ˣοһŮˣȻκε档
Է飬жʱȻǰȥҡ
ѲҵСӣĻһĹϵԼպĲǸӵ˳
ףԭѽһΪ˭أȻҲǾ£ҽһӣԱСȰ㻹ǾԶһ㣬ȻʱһĴ㶼֪
ԷѾŮˣҲ̲סڽڮ١




543 ǹս
 

ЩҲ⣬ϾɯǳһԶ˵һЩû
һ˵˺ûôҪɶԷǲǻµˮ
װģ˵е˾ϳһЩĪĶڿжɢһصĳζһ˻ҪСģȻһ챻ЩζѬ˾Ͳˡ
һƽϵˣɶԼԷͼԣҲ̲סڽŷ
˶ͷˣô׵̣ƽһЩӴһҲˣҪСһ𣬼ֱǸ߹Լĵλ
ҲǾװŪͷԾþöӦɯʼһЦ
һССѲɻҪ죬ɽһ䣬װģԷû㻹Լһ𣿡
˵ţɯȴһֱͣǰ˵ϣǹӵܣϵȶͱ˲̫һ
׺ðŷӦԷĻҲ̲סüͷ
ɯС˵ļҵǧ𲻺Ѳļһˣֻ˵һβμʱûк¼ҵ˴򽻵𣿡
һͿöԷ֪ӦҪ֪ļҺұ۸һңͻ⵽֮С
ļҵǧŻң˵䲻ģҺļǧѵʱǶ˻֪ںδأΣһССѾͷҪҶԿԵҲֻһССľͿԳ¼ҵǧ
˵ţɯҲΪĽŻػ
Ҳú˴򽻵ǣ׾Ҫ뿪ȴû뵽һαסȥ·
ôѲ˼ҵžҪ뿪ΪԼˣ˵䲻ģ˵ǼֱرȰһССǲҪ׵ȥˣȻ˶֪ô
ĻҲ˾ʵһЩꡣ
ļôҲŹ壬ҲֻĵλҲ㣬ԼĸˣİǼˣСպҲܵϴĻ
ǲ˵ЩģɼԷһٶĽڮ٣еŭҲѾȼеǡ
СǱϵıڮ٣Ȼȥһ
ĸĸ֪ˣҲκεָ෴ڵֶһЩͼ
ļҵĺôܱ۸Բܷ
ɯС㣬鷳ʱúõȥһЩ˼ҹͨһ£һļҵС㾿ʲôʲôӡ
ôһ仰ҲֱӴԼԵŮ뿪ʼնԷκרעߡ
һССԱ˵Ĳ񣬿Щ˻ǿɽȽӲˡ
ҪһҺļҵһĿɽӲ
ɯĿɽǳ̼һ޼ңɲһǲܵġ
ڣŸղŵ飬;úʼһЩ˳
Ȼ˵ѾԤϵˣݹûô˳û뵽һơ
ҲˣԼ˵˿֪ԷѾһ׾ӵݼˡ
ͲˣڵΪ˲ѲǶһЩԼмϰͿΪΪˡ
˫ֲվﲻͣĽűֻԼһеŭڽɢ
ǰ˻ûйĴ򽻵ԶЩǺɽһŮ˼ֱ̫Ҫ
ҵСǧҪκ˷ƢΪһƢ˾ͲÿˣοһŮˣϣֻԼͽһЩûбҪķգҵκ˶Ȳ㡣
ײͣŶԷĺ󱳣ΪľǿԸƽһ£һЩ
ӡ֮СѾͷƢΪԶһ״̬һֻСӡ
û뵽Ӽ˻ĻˣҷƢʱ˾һЩɰء
ͲˣǸɯΪ˵ˣѲÿһԵĶȽ⣿
һĽ˼ҲûﲻԾ
׿СѾͷɰģҲټ˵Щʲô
ݵǡڴ˿̴˿ǣ׵İ칫ҡ
պŵĵطסһŪ̫ңÿһ컹ҪϰʲôĵطҪңûʲôҾˡ
˰ٺãҪ뿪ȴһɾ޴קס
ѲɾͲ𣿺ôҲֵµˣӦöҸУʲôĵطǵ˱˸ô죿
׿Ͱ͵˵ţΪľǿиദʱ䡣




544 
 

һһЩĹһֱĻûа취׬ǮˣʱҸôأ
ҲһŪ뵽˾֮С
Ȼ׬һǮȻͿԲԼĸĸϾļҵĺҲһҪöС
ȻĻΪʲôأ֪˵ĻӦýܸĸ飬ڸĸİӪһҹ˾Ҳڿ˵ɫ
׬ǮĻԸѽй˾ʱһҪع˾ȥƹܹȵǸʱܲ÷ˣҪʲôС
̵˵ţһպ;Ҳ˸ָϣ
˰ɣҿûеͥϰߣοһñȽ϶ˣֻ֪ȥǮĻʱָ˵ΪǮˡ
붼ֱӾͽ˾ܾڶԷûзӦʱҲǴҴææ˰칫ҡ
֪ûк˵׷ʵϾΪ˸ԼһЩɵʱ䡣
Ҳãܹͬһҹ˾﹤һҸ£ҲԻ֣ʲôĵطҲԹͬȥŬ
ǸҴææȥСӰĵ˵ͷҲֱԼλ
뿪֮Ҳǰչ˾ʱ䣬е㶼źãŵÿһ˵Уȴû뵽һɯ
װûӾҪ㿪ȴû뵽Էֱסȥ·
ⲻǧСô﷢أѲƲˣЩ˾ϲͬͬյĸ˼һԼӣӻʹһЩɵֶΡ
ɯڶʮֵ˲˲˵ߡ
ݶ̲סǰһ鿴ٿҲ̲סһ
ⲻүǱѾͷô﷢ˣѲĻǻ̫Ϊѡ
Ȼǹ͵ĵģô͹Լһ£ܲ鷳˼СѾͷΪЩ˹
ݿٵмŵͣΪľǷֹѾͷίĻүһģһƤ
˼ҶŮ¼ŮУֻҪһŮӣͻܵ˵ĳ谮
һеĳߣΪһֻһС
ҲѾͷСƼǧ谮һԷʱԽź
һʼʱүӵһЩƫĿСѾͷ֮󣬲žүӵֱϵѡ
ʲô˼˼ұǹԱΪǷôοҲֻһͲģ˵ģã鲻þͿֱӹ
ԼˣɯҲڲͣĽŵ꣬ΪľǿѾͷܵ۹⡣
ôʱûܹίںò״䵥ȻӦúúõĳһС
ɯҪСƢο˼ֻǹһݵģֺαΪ˼ء
ƽʱݿ϶װûɽղͬѾͷԲܹ۸ġ
ɯһҲòɵϾ˼ⳡϷҲͶһʽ
ڼǵͶʷҲòһˡ
ģһүү෴ⲿϷҪһŮǣŮǱҡ
ҪһᣬٿԷ˵ʱҲֱ˵ƵĻ
ֻҪҪĶκ˶ܶһݶѣʲô
㻹ԼļҵǧˣҪҪƤⲻҪҲ֪˭ѲĸĸĻôлҲһҪúõİݷһ¡
ɯԼĻų˿ûаѶԷ˵ķϡ
ҵһЩ棬˭˵ǣǵıŮʲô𣿻˵λСҪ뵽ǵļ֮У
ԶһΪƯŮ˹ԼĻԷмơ
裬ôˣģŮ˴һʼͲͣĳң綼ѾҵˣɶԷûϣΪһرǮˡ
˼˵ţҲװһ¶ӣΪľǸԷһ
Ȼڱô˵ģɲĸϾǶжֻ׵Ľ衣
ҪһƣȻĸ˾ͽĸˡ
ķˣ㣬ļҵŮ̲סɯҲǻ̿֡
һֱΪһжǼٵģΪ˸ӣû뵽ˡ
λС㣬ļҵ˾Բκ裬ո˵ĻҲѾ¼Ժ͵Žʦɣ˺˵ɣˣ׵ķء




545 ҳ
 

ķ˵ţҲ˿ûаЩϣ˵ĿĶѾﵽˣû뵽̽ྐྵȻԿŮίҹ˾Ҳȷǲô
ǣԼŮֱ뿪·˴ʼնڵݵϡ
ǸһЩӡģүӵĽҲȽֻû뵽տļҵıίװ޶ãҲʱˡ
裬ôͻȻˣ˾鶼Ѿûʲô飬οҵݹҲһ޵ģȵȥ˾﹤֮ҾҪ뿪ˡ
̵˵ţĸ׵֮ҲԵĴϲãҪ֪ĸǰʱһֱڳ͸Ҳڹʱ⣬Ůˡ
ɵѾͷ۸Ҳ֪㣬Ҫļ˵ıʲôίһҪһʱǡ
ķ˿ԼŮҲ΢һЩۣû뵽ô̵ʱڲŮøƯˣһЩ
ģҾԲԼίģοڻҴͬһҹ˾˵ȵԼһٺһ𣬵ȵǸʱҲȫ綼֪˵ĸ顣
̵ĺԼĸҫţȴûע⵽ĸǳĿ⡣
СŮһֱ˼ҵ󳤴Ҳˡ
߰ɣȥ磬ôʱûˣҲ֪Ǻӱʲôˡ
˵ݣһֱȴ˵ſڵһɲǣ;Լһν뵽ϤĻ֮С
Ҿ֪᲻ðһ㶼֪ûжôģҿɲϣԺû顣
׿ٵ˵ţٿķվʱҲǽӲջԼ֡
裬ôˣѲǹһδŮôĻɷģΪŮѾ޵ĸ顣
̶̵һ׾ѾѸٵĵԼ̬
ǴСģڱ˴˵ĸĸҲЩ׽ֱӽаҲδɣԺҪ顣
ô˵أ裬ӦýвĸŶԡһŽͣͻȻǸѾ󣬲Ǹֻ֪Ϸĺˡ
ԺҲģǰԤϰһҲδɣҽҪûʲôȱģеĻùܼҸ͹
˵ĸô£Ҳûʲôɵĵˡ
ѾͷСϲףǺӳ֮Ҳ׵ʧȥеЦݣÿֻ֪Լڷѧϰһʱĵʳʣ鲢ûг೤ʱ䡣
ΨһϧľԭЦһӣҲᷢͬͭһЦ
ףҵıŮͽˣҪúõչ˲У֪֪ѾͷΪȥЦˣˣ¶Цݡ
ķ˱ǲ˵ЩģɿŮǿĵЦеĻҲһѿڶ
ɬĵͷԼЬӣһʱ֮侹֪˵ЩʲôϾĸ˵ĶģҲûа취
׸뿪Ƕʱ䣬ÿһԼڷ֮УҲȥŹͨ
ҪһȥȥչС磬û뵽ΪһЩ鱻谭
ۿһ侲ĸףΪԼ͵͵ĵᣬʱʼıԼе뷨
ֻǲ֪ΪʲôÿһЦʱ;ޱȿɬЦأҲóªޱȡ
֪ԼеĿĶѾǸк뿪
ǰʱڵ֪֮еϲȫûа취Ρ
ô£ΪʲôЩҴ֪裬ȻĻӦøңҴڹҲһֱעţѾͷֻǴ֪ЩϸС顣
ЩСַвͣشš
ôҲû뵽ԼʱԻСѾͷôӰ죬֪Ͳټȥ
ŮСһͺãֻӱȽִ֣׼˵Ͳκεĸı䣬Ȼϲ㣬һӶκεĸģԲĸҲϣܹúõȥչ
ķҲԼеĸ߰ԼĻ֮дЩĿ
ǰûԼҲ˵һ죬ΪԼŮȴһҲڡ
裬㲻Ҫ˵ˣŸһҺܺõģο˶Ѿʶôʱˣ㻹ǸϽͰְּʼɣ˻Ҫء
ٵĲһԼ۾Ϊ˷ֹ᲻ܿƵ
ΪԼصĹˣȴû뵽ȫĸ׷ˡ
ôʱ䣬Ȼһֱûᵽ㹻Ŀ֣ɲĸֹػûκεļ١




546 ʶ
 

ãҾͰѾͷУԲκείȻʱǼԲĹ㡣
ķ˵ⷬʱҲЩ档
˷ϵıȻܱκ˺
ͷİɣһɵѾͷҵ۰ο˶Ѿô£Ҫ׵ķֿһЩѡ
׿ٵĽһŵ۵Ҳ޵顣
ڹÿһ죬˵ﶼģʱںԼΪʲôͻΪһʱ߶ԶԼļ磬ԶǸŮӡ
ÿһοԼϵŮӣʱĵֳ嶯˳˼ʡ
ڵ֪СѾͷܾ֮ϲÿʧߡ
ֱ˹֪СѾͷĵλжôҪѾԽԼû취һʱĳ嶯ܹҪһЩ۵ġ
ڻ֮һʱѡСѾͷϣΪľǿԾĽʧȥЩʱ䲹
ֱ֪СѾͷΪԼܹЩѣһСŮʧȥЦݣ⵽Ƕôʹһ¶
ҾͲˣµĻǵøҴ绰ҲϣҵıŮ۸
ոյ飬ķҲæһѣǸŮ˿Ͳʲô򵥵Ů˼Ҳһȫ档
ȻĻ˾ӦôҲѾΪŮ̫£һˡ
Ŀĸ뿪ȴԾһЩ
֪ԼЦݻĸ״ôӰ죬ԲԼġ
ɵѾͷΪ˶ٵ飬ҲֻǳȥѧϰÿһԼûһһĵ㣬Ҳ᲻ĵġ
̲סһָ𣬿Ļȴ޵ĳ硣
վǲָԼһӵŮ
ҾǾ뿪˺ܲģԲŻģûдӦκкӵ׷󣬵㳤ôƯڹҲһвٵŮѰɡ
Ůѣ;úߡ
ҵСͷİɣڹǶʱ䣬ÿһ춼ԼԽӴҶԼ˵ܾԷ
׸æһͣµʱСᡣ
ǰǰŮ
ݵһδ򿪣Īůһľˣٯٯģ
װСôԱأ˲ģҲֻǰ·ɱĳҧ𣬺һ𻹲ѡˡ
ĪůٵǰȥŮק˹ΪľǺúõһס
ҲǸո֪׺Լɷѡ
֪ĻȻһҪúõһ²УʱҲԼֹ˾øӹ󡣡
Īů֪ÿڹ˾֪Ļ᲻취ͷء
˼ĹСѾͷҲѾµĻصԼĻ֮С
¶˵Ц֪ôһŮ˶Լɷ
ȻĿ־ĳЩ档
պƷԼɷ㿴ƽͻʲô˵ǺɯˣǲӦøһ͡
Լ˴ǰĿģĪůҲٵЦݡ
ûǸոɯʱ滨ģֱ̫ˡ
벻Ĺ˾ƸˣùϵÿﻹŰ裬ҲֻǸһЩʷ
ױǲ²۵ģԷѾἰˣҲûκε˵˳
ɯǸŮ˳Ǹ̫պһ
˵ЩȻֻ֪ϧ˼ҹϵģҲüүĹҰæˣҵȻӦúúϧŶԣһʼôûиͳ㬵Ĺϵ
Īů飬;һЩգɷѶѾԼĹ˾պҪȥһЩС⣬һЩѡ
Ǹ㣬㻹׵ĽܹҺСѾͷһ粻ˣοҴ˴ǰģΪľǿһƽ￴˾Сû۹̰
֮ĹͨпܾΪȥ˴˵ϱɵġ
ڵ֪ԼĺҪȥŵĹ˾ϰҲǵһʱ´˾״
ȻԼĳģѱЩСᡣ
ʼնǼãȻ״̬֮ĶԻҲһЩ⣬ʲôʱʶˣ
Ҷ֮ĶԻʼһЩãȻ̵ȷˡ
ϰ壬˵˵ЩʲôΪʲôܾúãȻĲǺأ
˰죬Ǵһѯʡ




547 ԶĹ
 

㵱Ȼ֪ˣΪδͰеһжˣҲǲŸո֪ȻΪʲôܹҵȻĹϵû
˼Ŀ˿ףĪůͻȻ˵ĸ黹Ƚֿģֻǲ֪Ϊʲôôʱ仹һ
ףңܹ֮Ϊ㰲ŵģ֮ǰ˵ֻһ㣬Ҳϣҵ
üͷ΢΢֮ҲЩĿɬ
һӵʱ䶼ڲͣĽ׷棬ںòܹԼԸʽΪʲôҪ˲ٿأ
СѾͷⷬҲȷЩ֪롣
ûЩʲôλҲȷԼһŬġ
Ҫ˵˵ĻôǸҳ㬰æúõչһ¡
ʲôûЩλ㿿ԼӮģҲֻǸ߳㬺úõչһ㣬û֮ǰһκ⡣
׿ٵĽŽͣµʱⳡԽԽ
ɲʧȥСѾͷӣһʹɡ
ĪůȻ֮ĹϵˣҲúõĴһ¡
İɣǰδĺܰ㣬ΪԸΪ㸶һУˣȷʵǸҵɷҺúõչһ㣬ƽһЩԺʲôҪϲʲôϲȫѾˡ
ٵĽ嵥˳ĪůԼüͷ
뵱ɷҲôϲ÷֮İһֱûзı䣬ҵġ
ɵĽ嵥˳ڿ֮ۿҲЩ΢졣
ûһԼҲôһתۡ
һԼ˻ļǵԼеϲãϲϲô
ȻĻҾԭˣһξԲˣҲϲ˸ԤҵȻҲϣԺҵ顣
ҫ£˻ţ˴˵֮УҲ͸¶ֹסİ
㬸ʱ򿴼;Լıһ޹
ôˣѲɳһѹѯʵĻһѿڶ㬿ľԼһŮӡ
ף벻Ƕʱ䣬ÿһ춼磬ûᵽŮӣһعҰչţԤı
һȭͷм׵ļǣеЦҲûκεļ١
һʶģԺأҲͿʼͣĽ硣
ˣ˻ͬϻеһҹ˾ֻЩ鶼֪
û뵽ҹ˾ô꾭ӪԽԽãҲ˴˲ٵ档
һ֮ԻҪΪ˾ҲҪڹˣΪϰ壬ϸϽŪһемá
ô˵أҲֻҽһ㲻ҪôʱһֱھӪ˾ҲھӪԼҵһֱ֣ôܷչ죬ôģȻϲڷչô취ЩϳһңҲǵҵ
׽ƻݸ˳㬣ҲķֲůڷչĹоĵ崡
֮ǰ˽ůȻСǲȱһعȡ
ˣµҲûж٣еҲȫϵġ
Ǹɯڹ˾֮УҲһ𺦣Ψһİ취Ǿ콫˾ת͡
ֹ˾Ҳҵһֻ̳Ҫ㳤úÿʱͻᱻ̽ھ
һǱⶼҪһǰᡣ
Īůⷽ沢û̫ͷԣھӪҲ⣬ʺϵһϰ塣
û뵽ǰ˵ˣұúõĶһԼůֵȷǳŸָ⣬ټӪȥҲһĿ𡣡
㬱ǲ˵ģǽ컰ϻ˵ҲӦůů֪ԼľӪȷв
ǼҴҵҲñ˵ǰЦ
ͷľ˾죬Īů֮䣬һһģ;һЩꡣ
˵֪ΪʲôҪСѾͷҵΪַźܶļ⣬һҪɫôʱ乫˾ҲŴҴզֵġ
ȫµһݼƻͲ߻˳ĪůҲ޵ҫ֮һ
֮ҵһ˵οϰ塣
⻰ֳԼԼС
һЩ˼ϾԼⷽҲû޹̫࣬Ҫѧϰڷ档
ǰһֱ֮Ĺϵûһµķʽһ




548 ɱӺ
 

ʵ֪ˣΪһʼϲɹĸԣôڱů֣һӪӪҲԽůǱҪļǮ
ֱӽһſϣ۵ζҲˡ
ôʱΪ̫飬Ȼϲֹ˾ôͺúõȥӪһºˡ
ļҵСȻӦõѡĶҲӦԼϲġ
ĹܲһֱǣڣʱѡҲܳΪ㡣
ŰϵпͻȻøеЦˡ
˴֮䶼ǻﻥôܱһпأ
ҪɣҴҵŸŴ򹤣Ҳ֪ڽڷ沢ûʲôض츳СϲľƸָСʱ䣬Ҳǹ˾һƣûмǴĻҪһϵе²Ʒ
ϾǷޣڱ˴˵鵱Ȼ˽⣬һϸ΢£Ӧ÷ϡ
֮以ŶɼôˣҲı䲻ǶµǷݰ
еȫɣҲһӴСůֵϰ塣
ɯ취ѡ
Ƶ귿䣬һƬڰ֮УԼĿԿʵ
ϰ壬㲻ϲСŮԵһСҪʶʶ㣬Ҳ֪㾿ԸԸ⣬ҪһѯʣϾˣ˿Ըõչ㡣
ɯϸ˵ţΪľǿԼĿĵóѣôΣվҪΪһܡ
ֻҪܹɹˣһҪЮպҲ԰ͺͷ
ʲộΪҲ֪ûмǴĻ˵ǸļҵСҲ͵ҵϣѲΪɵ𣿸ҶļҵˣѲԼʱ̫ˣҪȥȪ·ϡ
һѶסϸĲϵҲԾļӴࡣ
ϰ޲ͽ˵Ĳ飬ֻϧŮ˻һô˵ʱԽǣһ˿档
ǰһŮʲôأοֻǸǮͿϵġ
ôʱˣɯеģڵҲӦùˣʱðש
Ů˲бͿԻһȻĻô͸һЩġ
ΪĽֱӶһԣſڱӿһ󺺡
ɯ߹㣬Ҫ򲻸ô⣬أƫƫҪӲǹײȻĻҾͺúõһģ㲻ϲԼȡһЩҪ𣿽͸㣬㹴ĴڣǧԼ̫á
ôһ仰ϰҲ뿪֮Ҳһֵ
ֵĽںڰ֮УɯֱΣԽԽŨҡ
ŮӵļҲôĴ̶ֻϧڸ˺õľƵ꣬˭
֪ʱ̶ִͼѾʧȡ̺֮
ɯ֪Լʲôֻ֪ʱˣÿһ
ӲҪܣȴԼѾûκ
Ժ֮Щ϶ƬҲڲͣϣΪĻ䡣
ǸͻͷɵģȻİ취ûϵԼİ취
ײǲܶĴ𣿼ȻĻ취һ
ٵȥԼɾɯǵײײ߳˾Ƶ꣬Ҳ˲ٵ˺ۡ
һʱԼеǮȥҽԺһɯҲԼ޲һŮı׼
Ȼ׳ΪԼˣô취ٵˡ
ǹΣѲɾͿΪòĶŮҲõ
ٵóֱֻӲͨǸѾõĺ룬ɯ˵Ļ֮жЩĲ
ôҲû뵽վᷢչزҲעΪһûκõŮˡ
ˣֻҪ㹻ǮҾͿеҪ󣬵ϣҳס
űĵ绰ĻɯҲβסԼĺޡ
ļҵģǸŮˣôܻɽز
һССȻΪϰ壬ֻΪļͥ
ƾʲô˵ĲƽҪԼŬȥӮһУΪһĸ״СҪָܾ衣
ΪҲ֪˵ѾûκˣһٵĶΪһҪڱصҪĶûбҪҺϰѾƬ˿ˣΪͼ˵Ƭܱ𣿡
绰һͷֻ˵ţҵĺҲѸٵĹҶϡ




549 ָ
 

û뵽Ůʱ򣬾Ȼϡ
ΪȻӦòУȻô˳ĳΪҵΨһ̳ء
״˿̻֪ԼΣգŬĽϰ
ϴѧʱһĿ꣬ǳΪһ֣û뵽ôˣһֱûʵ֡
Ҳ֮ףȻӦúúõϧһ²С
ף˰ɣҪúõЪһȻʱäĿҪȡʤʱһ۵ɤӡ
ÿһ跿ʱ򿴼ģﲻͣϰҲһЩۡ
Ȼ˵ԼҵĲҵҲûбҪƴοǮ׬Ϳˡ
ǿɲһĹ˾ȻӦ÷һȻʱӰ쵽ô죬ůһһҪȥӪģҾԲܸϺȡ
ٵ۵һǣ¿ʼϰ
һʱԼûʲô飬Ҳֱǿϰ
ڱ˴˵ʱԶǺܿ죬״æֻҲһİš
үӸ绰ǸʲôѲˣ
ʲôһؼ˵ԺһĶϱҲȥ
ȶԷڣ׾ֱ˵ԼĿġ
ôŻȥûκδģʱ򻹿ȥһ𷣣ҲԴϱҳôһ¡
Է˵ĻҲǵһʱҪܣϾԼһõȷǺѽ
ȥδĹţ᲻һЩ̫ã
ʲôپȵҰ趼αأοʵĶϱܽ뵽ǼҵţҲ֪Ǽżܸߵģôˣ̤ȥġ
һקסԷΪľǷֹһӡ
һҪҳʱŮ˾취ˣһξԲٷ飬Ͼǰ֮
ʱͲףСʱڱ˴˶Ϥˣ˼ͻһЩԾ
㲻ǾԲȥģΪµʱӰ쵽֮ĹϵأҲһҪõİ취ҪȥؼһһȥɣϾڴŵҲȷǺܺá
ʹͷԼϵĶ䣬ҲǸӵ
ĸ˵ĻȻûܳҲӦñԼһõװ硣
Ѿ׼ˣÿһ춼ʺ·һֱȥһڻһ¾Ϳԣ㣬Щˡ
·ֱӽҲٵɳϴڵĴϢš
֮ǰעеʱ򻹲жôƣһиˣͻԼħʽѵ
ãһжĿĵģȵɹһ죬ͻ취Ů˱ҵķˣʱҲǧ
ȺúõϢһᣬһ·㡣ϣźһ뿪
׷ӦʱֻԼĴ걻˴ˣֻϧ׶Ѿѡ
ԾŴĴҲ޷׵Ľ
Ƭ̹Ŵӻ¼˳һҲ˾ھһ
վسŹȥǾ˸
ҵĹ£ˣ빫ˡϥڵϣŹԭ£֪ʱоȻһöµ䡣
ССһöǲϸֲˡ
ôʹ飬ҵʽ˵ļª㲻Ӧúúõ׼һپҪ֪ҵɷģұҵģ˻֮ÿʮ֮ǰؼңЩ㶼ܹ𡣡
ҲֱˣСӣΪӡ֮УԼʲôǰԶݵ״̬
ȻˣֻҪǹ˵ģΪӵľһأԲ֪ܸܲᣬöָϣҲѸ£ˡ
׾ͣĺƭţСؽöָָϡ
ԭĵʧڹôʱ䣬ÿһ춼ڵԼСѾͷ˹ܣһβ
ĽָأҲӦø𣿡һĿǽҪľǶԷ˻Լ֣öָѾϡ
Ѿˣڹôʱ䣬ÿһ춼öָΪľǷֹһЩŮҴڨֻҪ˽ָ˾֪һмͥˣʱͲ׵ƻǵĸˡ
ҫƵһͣҲ޵ĳ硣
վӽ˱˸׿Ƿ۷۵ĴȥеһԶǷˮ
ɵǼҲͷԶʼһЩ軨һֱԼ϶Ҫŵõһݾꡣ




550 ŭ
 

ů֣һθоʵĿʱֻ̾һ档
ǰúʲôرĺôɽڸо֮ףʱҲһֿ֡
ڳΪոյҲǶģһֱŴ⣬Ը⿴ԼԵˡ
Ҳû˵ЩʲôСѾͷʱҲֻķˣտڲ̸
ȵҵſͣѿһ˶ˡ
һ˳ҲʿĸԼŴ˳š
ôҪĻǻؼȸϽҽһ飬ȻʱɷҽܾҲˡ
׿ٵĽһƬڷֶԷһЩɶ֮ŷġ
ǣˣȥľ͡
ԭάϵЦݣ˲ǣҲԾĽ˽
оԷͻı仯Ҳ˳߿ȥľ
Ծĺһ֪ΪʲôܾöԷ֮м˿˿в
ףҪ߰ɣҲţǸ˿е¡
С˵ţҲͣȥ
Ȼ֪һЩģСʱ׳֮Ѿ뵽Уһ˵ֻҪΪӣͻӵеһС
Сʱ˵˭ǳ˲ףһù˽ӣų˽ӣΪ˵ֶ̫ݡ
ۿͰһ˴İģɼˣҲûκεĿ־壬ֻǵĮһѳƱǸ˵Ŀڴ
Ժֿ־һֱĵԶҲûа취йÿһο׵ʱ򣬾ͻ᲻ԾĺˣҪһ㡣
ģ˭˺㣬ֻҪԣôΣҲһԣԸԼҲҵСκ⡣
ٵؽһֱӱԼĻֻԭһЩҵҲڵõ˻⡣
ǹȥôʱ䣬ÿһʱûа취޶á
һΪ˭أԭѾͷˣȻ˾͸Ͻ°ɣһ컹ûԷһһ£һ˵Ļ¡
ϾµĴڣһѾ˲˵ߣһʼҲһЩӲɵҲѾ𽥵õ˻⡣
Щ˭ûп˵ֻǾĳЩˣһЩӲֻóԽȥķ˶Ҫ³ˡ
ǰÿһδڼʱ򣬲ôԶֺǺǵģĸİҲʵһЩĽүүȻѾʹˣɱʾְ顣
ǼҲͬ˭ǰһⳡֶȻһ
ף˵ȥֹ˾֪֪ľȦѲҪĻҲԣôһǮҲõ
үվǰ಻סˣáĻѿڶڷֶԷʱҲǿٵ볯ȥ
ʶվ񣬽˻ԼĻ
׶ӦʲôֻöߴһȵϢŵƺߡ
ˣ֮ΪҪңΪⷽչԼĹ˾㲻ţȥҵ衣
ݵĽһͣվҲû¶κεĵӡ
ǰǸֻ֪ҪǳԵĺҲѾˣȻ֪ͥĹϵжôӰ졣
׵֮Ի˽Ҳܲɷֵϵôһڹ϶Ҳܵ˲ٵĹ¶
أܵԶĺƽûһʲô鶼õ˵ĳϡ
ʱ룬˭˽ӣһѪȻܴ
Ҳû뵽ԭСѾͷͻȻ¶ԼǿƵһ棬Ҳů
ΪҲӦûصңôûκԺҲҪҴ绰ˣӽҺҶϾһеĹϵҲϣǲҪٸԤҵ˽ǵҪѼҲ˭Ҳûκιϵ
ǣСѾͷֱ뿪ʼ׶ûκεԥ
ڹʱѾԤϵˣҲѾǰչһԼҵڲŸ޿֡
仰˵֮뿪ϣһ֮СѾͷ㹻Ҹǿ׸ӮһС
ΪԼһΪˣΪԼе˼ֺñϡ
ôΣվһù˽ӣôܵ˼ͥůǲҲûܵѪ
һ뿪˾ҲҵҪһûţ㵽ܹչ




551 ɢ
 

үҲһЩŭˣֱӷ˺ݻôһֱڹ⣬˭Ҳ֪һЩʲô
ǲϾԼӣôװòں
֪ںĴͣЩ˵һ˵Ƕһͥ𻵡
ҲȷһЩңĳŵ;Բ׵ǡ
ģҼȻ뿪ˣ;Բһ˵һҶǵĳŵȻҲϣԺٹҵѡ񣬲ΪҾͻ𣿼ȻĻҾ֤ǿһҵĹ˾ͻУȵǸʱҾͻΪҵһԸĶ󡣡
ƮƮһ֮Уȴ޵вүӶѾĸоǻ֮еĵ⡣
ĿڴͻȻһִʹִʹҲһЩϢ
ʲôʱԭȽϺƽһͻȻأѲɾΪǸӵĵ
ɲôվǵĹһûа취һ
Ҳֻһ޹ĺӣʲôȥһеʹأ
һֱ˼ţûзκεıԹ
ֻǾĸԱߵкԡ
۵Ļ͸ңҲɵΪʲôҪҵһأһˣҲҪΪһУΪӦñұһ
ѹѾõڳŵһҲ׵ıرڻֻҪúõ˵һԼǼ˵˼
ףǰҵС£ҲΪȥֵеҳˣҲҪ㣬ο˱Ƿޣ֮ӦùͬеѣȥΪκ¡
ΪڶԷԵʣ˵ҲԵһЩƣɲ֪ΪĻȴЩİο
˭Ըһֻڹ⣬ûκѣһҸļͥȴͻȻһ޴ת䡣
ôʱˣҲԼĸĸȥ͵飬ɲ֪ΪʲôЩͷ·˿ؽһҲκεͷ
Ͳһ򵥵ˣҺµʱһ˺֪⣬ҾһӦصУΪҲϣΪҵԵʶһЩΣա
˵˵˫ҲѪ˿СʲôĳޣԶ֪ԼһܳĴڡ
ֱһķԼųŻֻһ뿪
ڼ˶ڵʱĿŵĺƣò֪ѧĶԸ
ǵأҳǻʱ򿴼ģ͵ϣһֱװһ涵ģ˵ע⡣
һ׻װܹһ£Ϊܵʲôʱ򶼿׵Ӯñ˵Ρ
Լĸ˵Լĸ˵ɲûţٵĸͻȻȥˣ֪һеΪʲô
ΪǸ·˽ӣҲΪǸСͻȻƻļͥ
ٺ͵ʱ֪ĸ׵͸һĹǸ׵ݲŻǸ˽Ӷĸ֡
ҲΪҪҴææԭֻΪӱһС
ڿԼѡȷ̫ˣһҪôôҲܵõʵ֡
ףģܷʲôҶԣһˣ㻹ңҿ㣬㲻ҪǣԼѾΪһϰˡ
ĵĽųŵ˵ҲȷûϾҲһСϰ塣
ôã滹۰ĸĸҲԸ㹻Ǯһӵ
СɵϣôܹǮأڹѾԤϵĻǲ˵˵ĳŵģģһŬ˵øãȻ˵ҲǸÿֻ֪Ǯף׬Ǯ
ؽŰΪľǷֹСѾͷʱʲô̹ĵط
˭˭һЩԽܰɣһ˽ӾȻôӰ
ãǻؼҡֻΪõԵʣϵʹҲȫǣԺ֮ľǸϽصУʱһ¼ͥů
ȻûκεĲȴ֡
ҪķչˣôʱСѾͷû뵽ǱǸ˿ˡ
ֻǲ֪᲻ΪСѾͷһвĻԼǸ˽ӡ
ȵͣڼſʱСѾͷѾ˯˹ȥ˯֮üͷֵĽţƺʲô鷳¡
ڼУΪԼһ£üֱҲԾ͸¶顣
ҲֻСѾͷŻ˰ɣɵ顣




552 Ů
 

ؽ˱뵽֮У˯߽ǳһҲ˹
ſһҸҩȻʱͻдƬ࣬Ҫۡ
ΪĴˣ˶˿ҲǽΪ˽⡣
Դӽ뵽ҺڲͣŸָ۷еʱأᵽſڴûһ˹ġ
Լ˽ӣȻΪʲôܲȫԽأ
áɵӦΪľǷֹʱﲻˡ
׽쾭鶼ѾˣټȥĻҲһܵһЩҪĥ
úõʱҲܹһ˿֡
׼õҽҩ˳ǰΪҩȻѾࡣ
ϸƤɬ֮Ҳǲƥ䣬Եôͻأ
һβҪɵˣһˣܲȥҵֵеʹοͮͮ˵Ҳֻټ򵥲ˡ
ΪϺҩҲıܿԼߣΪľǷֹʱ᲻Ծ¶
ףû£ҲĸԸΪ㵲ģϾҵɷʲôô졣
һĽŻӦҲע⵽Լʲô׵ĵط
ܺãڹʱ򾭳а˿鸹
Ϊ֤ԼʵԣҲֱӽ⿪ԼĿӡ
ܷӦʲô;øʼһȣһͷľСŮ΢Щ̰Ŀ⡣
УǰǾĸû뵽һ۸
һѽ̵ϣǽ׳ĸһЩĽ
ǰһкӣΪĻͿһرõġ
ֻϧǰ
ϸһ룬ԼкӣܾͺûԵˡ
ǿ𣿡̽ԵĽѯʣ֮е뷨˵ɤӶʼһЩ
ʼޱȵĳƺɳơ
֪Լʲôֻǿٵĵ˵ͷԼе˼
˵ΪҵŮˣԸ𣿡ĵظһ飬ǵЦҲԿơ
ǲŵСѾͷģûа취ټȥˡ
ȻԣǱǷޡɬȥɬǼʹջ
¶ҲȻߣ˶¶ȿ

ϵĵڶ˸磬ΪľǿһٰͣôȷһЩķ
ַڳ⿣Ҳŵ㡣
ʱֵľǴ齵һѾ뵽˱䷭Ҫ´ľһŵĸ߰õ塣
Сˡ
ǴЦģ¥ľǳһĨæµӰ
һѽ˱˸Ǿ֮УǵҲһ˲١
ôôˣǲ𣿻˵ȷȽʢ
̲סڽŴȤҲеעÿһĶΪľǿԼסʱȥ
ǹôܹ뵽֮أӦý
ҾǸһ緹Ͼ컹кܶѵʱ֧ͲˣһʱأҪȥѡһԼıҪȥϰһ£ʱһԡ
յճ˶һЩƣǰôûзԼӪ˾һ״ںڻü
תһ룬ԼĹ˾ͿԸɵ飬ҲԻǮʱǡ
ֻҪ㰲ŵҶԶˣҵĹ˾ϾҪˣȵǸʱϰҪסΪϰһҪÿһ춼ҲȨȻһͻᱻѡ񡣡
飬Ҳæһ˵ʵȽ
ܷʲô飬СѾͷܹһֱԣûҪ뿪뷨Ѿ㹻ˡ
ҲŲҪأÿһ춼ȥʱ㹫˾ŮԱɱô죬Ů˵ļǺǿҵģļ˾ͻ취ҪҵҿɲľΪն
Ѿõ͵ݵ׵Ҳڽһæµ
һĹµ;Ѿ˲ڲͬв޵İ
ô֪ˣ⵽ʲôʱ飬кܶңûϵԺһˣһһһķȵǸʱҵǰûκˡ
ôܹ꣬һ𣬱˴˵ȻҪһЩ޲ÿʱÿ̶Է




553 Զȥ
 

Ųأˣ㸸ټȥĻ֮Ĺϵ᲻ر𽩳֣Ҳϣ㵽ʱڡ
һʱˣ˴֮ҲǶ˽⣬ô᲻֪˵뷨أ˵Ų⣬лٶһЩʹ
ĸףأŪö̸˭϶Ըᡣ
ûо㲻Ǻף㾭ͻҵĿԣֺγһһ˵ҸأڰǸ䱦ǵҲһҲҪΪ˵׸ҪΪĴڡ
ʵĽŸ֪˿ûκҪ˼
һʼʱеȷǼʵģʱ䳤˲ΪʲôҪȥأһЩܸı飬Լ
΢΢򴽣ٵĺһڱеţ̣ݵʱڣ֪Ž͡
ĺȥοһǰ꣬Щο˵ûá
Ϊڴ˿Ѿ¶˾ģǸг׵ĶϾһеĹϵ
ģʲô飬Զ֧㣬һһֱվ㣬˿׵ģ˦ңⱲҶᣬ뷨
΢΢ЦЦЦ֮еĹҲ׾ʮ㡣
˵ڹʲôĵطֻСѾͷΪְûа취ǵġ
Ǵڹô꣬ÿһοӰͻ᲻ԾͣסŲһ롣
ңϣ˿үĽŽ̸
ҲѾˣЩʱ֪ˣʵ㲢ҵĺӣҲν˽ӣĸΪĲĸ׺͸׺మԵѡ˽иǼҡ
ү˵źһڱĲˮȴޱȿɬ
Ѿȥˣôʱ䣬һ̸ʱ򣬻һЩź
͵ĸһȽˣΪմȾ˶Ĳªϰ϶ܹķչ
˵Щʲô֤𣿻˵ҪʽϵĻûκϾǲһˡ
ĮؽŻӦ֮ĽҲ˵һε̸Ǻ˳
֪ģҲǸ˼ֻ˵㳤ӦԼѡҲѡҸǮϣܹ֪ԼļͥĸףҲҵã˵ȷʵҵѪ
ĵ£ҲǸӵĿɬܾ谮СȴƫƫҪ뵽һ˼С
뵽˼ҲˣΪ˶׳Լ
͵վӣʹ˿ҲʼһЩƫӡ֮ĸһֱһȽĴڣʲô鶼һš
ʲôʱʼʧأԭƯĸһҹ֮俪ʼòޱȡ
ӡ֮ǸΪʵĸҲûгֹ
ܸҽҵĸ׵ʲôһΪҵӡ֮УԶֱȽţᱻġ
ӣ˵֮ɴƽΪˣ˾һЩ㱡
ĸ׺ƯվͿǧĿ⣬˵˵ˣĸأȻֻһССְԱȴк֮־ԶڲͣŬܽΪһΣҲ䵽;֮С
˵һҲʹģ˫ۣԸȥἰ
ǶôƯһˣأʱƤֲڵĶ˾һЩʵ
ԭڵٵ֣ͻȻôֶֺס
񶼲ȥһ˵ÿһ仰ֻȥչӣҲҪԼһ׸
ôһֱ취ͥůǲ֪Ϊʲôһƫ˹켣أĴ֮бԼ˽ӡ
ԼӣǱӵ˹⣬ô궼ܲʣոһһαƳ˼š
һϸĸףȻҲԼĶָܸĿ
˺Ҹҵӡ֮УҺټҵĸס
ʹ˿ҲʼһЩɶҲǸȻģ֮жЩĲ
һֱΪǷģҲǧټƵĽݺ
ƻӹϵҪһ壬ڳɹˣΪʲô˵Щ֮ԼЩЦأ
ȷʵܺãסܷʲô飬ԶҪԹĸףֻҪĸ׸õû뵽һαˡ
үʵ˵ţҲûκҪͼ
鶼ѾչɽزûԷĽأҲֻ©ٳ




554 ˽
 

үӽĶүѻȴ͸ǻ۵۾ͿһЩϧΡ
֪үôһֱǲΪ¶ԼĸһЩõӡ
ǣΪʲôҪһи
Ǹ˽ӵ£ܲҲеһ˿ο塣
ȴԼֻһͽĺӡ
ôĲࡣԼôʵ
Ͳûбֳʲôƽĺүӵ˱𣬶߳˱
͵ıӰүҲһЩǣΨԼͨˣѡ
һֹ߳סҲԼ׾Ǹʲôˡ
ĶҵĺӣҲʲôͽĺӡҵĺӡ
ʱͣ·ħһ㡣
л㱵Ŀưɡ·ϻ㴳˺ƣײˣΪȻ
ڣ;һľżˡ
ưɵ˶֪ҵүҲûжڵۡ
ԿӸԱ;ֱߵ̨
ӣԵʦһ:һƿʿɡ
ԱҲҵܿһƿʿɡ
һʼͻһһĺȣǸо񫣬ֱƿʼȡ
ܿ죬һƿʿɾͺˡ
ʱѾеС·оֵһƿơ
һƿһƿĺţܿ죬ƿѾȽȥˡ
ʱȫˣӳͨ죬ͳúÿڿرˡ
ưɱʲô¶УǿҪҲżˬһ;ͱС쿴ˡ
Ҳ֪͵ݣԾһ߳ﻮһôȥڨ
ͻʲôûв
ʱֻˡһĻʾүӵĵ绰ԼеĸעΪס
ЦĳƺϹһĨ̵΢Ц
:ѾˣҸʲô˵СûĻ
˵ֱӹҶֻΪ˲ֱӽֻػˡ
ٴʱѾػүüͷоᷢʲô
ֻͼžһһڵࡣԼһ˾ͺƿ
ʱоθе㲻
̧ͷԺʷԱˡԱҲǹĸʱ䡣
úȵĲˣһƿƱߡһ·ϻײ˲ˣЩڿײǵҵСүʱ򣬱Ҳû˵ʲôתȾơ
ʱǼС쿴ҪˣòܴᣬǣֱӸ͡
ҪŵʱһֱӴӺ§סͣһͶѡǸ˵:ȹ˾ҪҪ͸һһ
Ͷ𣬱һӻ˲䱻Ǹȼ
ԭӵеûеһʱ֣˵:ſ
͵ľǵûü˺·Ǹ档
ǣ͵Ǹһѣ֮Ҫסȥʲô
ôһ׽ǻŭǹԣһѽľƿӴǸ˵ͷϡ
ƿѣľҲ֮ڵϡ
˱ĴֲȷӦֱӺʹһʼͻܺƽ֣ǵ˺Ǽֵһæ;емܲסټȵģֱӱڵϴһ١
һͿʼңԱϽ˹
ͱˣ˲ˣԱϽѼСͷ
ʱѾıףеվˡ
ڵ֪ҵүǼСҲЩңȥ͵ʱ͵͵ˡ
Աͱеأֲң˽͵ҽԺ
ҽҲ֪͵ģҲĵĸ˿ڡ
Ϊȷûطˣҽ˸ȫļ顣
һŷкܶë
鼱֮£ҽֱӸ״绰ҽԺһˣʷʲôˡҽ˵ͺ˴ܣͽҽԺûڵ绰к˵¡
ͷʲô顣׺ϽϵҽԺ
ҽ׺ܿҵ͵Ĳ
ͻڹŵˮϵ˶˭ˡ
׸ϽƿŽȥ:ô£˭ɵġ
׵ͻ̧ͷôһֱףԺȫǽүӺԼ˵Ļ
㲻ҵĺӡ
㲻ҵĺӡ
..........
仰һһ͵Ķ׵ʱ򶼸еŭ
ŭ:ߣҲ뿴㣬Ƕҹ




555 
 

׺ͺɣȫ֪ʲô
Ϊ˲ģС˵:Ȼȥɣ￴ô¡㲻õˡ
׵ע³˷ţЩģڷû뿪
ʱΪƵҽҪͻˮſڵȺ
ҽˣոͼɫоЩ⣬ſҽ:ҽһҵܵôˡ
ҽһΣԼİ칫ҡ
ҽֹż:ôҽ˵仰ѽ
֮£ҽֻÿ˵:Ϊʱﳤ˸...ҽͣһ£Ѿаļ󣬿»ˣϣ׼
ͿܵһĲ˼顣
һƬհףȫ¡뵽ո͵Ρҽ˵:ҽȲҪ¸ͣʣµ취
ҽҲ֪µԡҲӦ˰æס¡
ʱĲô˵;ǲûа취ֻһ:úϢҸ㡣˵֮ƿ뿪ˡ
Ҳڷſڵ׳ھҪҪ͵ðҲΪʲôͻȻԼô䵭£˭Ҳûע⵽Էϵı顣
˳֮¶Ҫ¸ס
룬ſ˵:ףҸոտҽҽ...Щᡣ
׿ֹӣЩżʵ:ʲô£
ȻͲôԥˡǼ˵:ҽ˵͵ӵѾˣ»ˡ˵ۿ׷ģֻǿˮ
Ҳû뵽鷢ôͻȻֻÿڰο:ȱţ취
ھ޴У˻صҴլʱڵȴǡ
һ飬黹ү֪
ǵ߽լʱүӲڿ
үӵңŽȥͿķһӳ
ʮֵľȣǰүӴñ˸˷ôͷˡ
ķҲû뵽׺ͻȻլ
ɫ˲
һɫԣ֪ʲôõ鷢
׸ϽƿţͷүһڴϡǻЩ΢б
֮£ķֻø˵:쿪ʼүӾʱʱĻⲻ磬үڳ緹ͻȻͰˡҳһүѾ̱ˡ
˱ķĻѾЩܽˡһ鶼
ߵүԡ
үӿ׻ˣŬ˵ʲôֻܷ
Ϊ˲үӵģֻүӵ˵:֣úϢ˵ƽү궯塣
վ׺ҲЩᣬһ֮ܵôʹҲеƣ
뵽Щޣ֪үӿʲôϲͷҡ
һң̲סˣરવֱµ
ƴסô༬ֵ£еܲˡΪ˲ñ˵ģֻȥϴ˰
οүӵ׶˹ķ࣬һһڵιүӳꡣ
֣úϢȳȥˡƽĶү˵û֪Լסеġ
˷ţʱķ˵:үڵҽô
ķ֪ˣֻʵش:˽ҽѾˣ˵үڵ״̫ã޹зӺ٣ȥҽԺרҵơ
ôֱӰүȥҽԺǾôڼҵءЩ
֪ԼӦöűķƢ
ķҲ֪鷳ƣ˵:ʱҽүȥҽԺģκүӲͬ⣬ҽҲû취ֻȿһЩҩүӳš
֪үӵľƢ֪ԼзϢ
ֻεüͷ
סԺ취ɣúչүӣʲ⡣
˵׾ߵɳüͷŵıøߡ
ƽӲɳϣŹȥοһ¡
׵ԡ
Ҳ̫ˣܻа취ģǶϵһЩҽүӺ͵Ĳһκõġ
ֻСһû˵
ױóĬԣҲе㵣ġ˭Ҳ޼¡




556 ΢Ħ
 

ڶ죬һ緹űķүӵķ䡣׽үӷ
үι˷үһһĳ꣬Ҳܿο
һߣ׿ڶү˵:֣ȥҽԺɡ
һȥҽԺүе㼤
Ҳ֪ȥҽԺȥҽԺ֪ԼĲ»ϴһЩҪ鷳
ǲȥҽԺүӵĲá
׿Ȱ:֣֪ڵʲôҲҪңһὫ˾鴦õģͷİɣ׸ֱֻҪúŲǷġ
үҲ֪ԼĶӳˣһжˡ
׵˵£үͬȥҽԺơ
Ϊүܾĺ׸үõһҽԺ
ǣĻͺүӾͲһҽԺˡ
Ҳˡ
ԴүӺͶ֮ûİšҽԺܣȥүͷȥͷˣҪ͵ɫƣ
һ컹ãһ³ô죬ЩܲˡɫҲѿ
үӵĲҲΪչ΢еתѾ˵ˡ
ȥүͷʱүӻһ졣
С⼸ˡүӵебܿüĿģ
ҡҡͷûиеԼࡣ
ЩӦġүӵ֡
үӿ԰׵ɫҲЩ:ȥҸķչҾУͲÿˡ
֪үǵԼԲԼţﲻġ
үҡҡͷ:ûµģһᣬÿһܷһ顣
֪ԼҲȫүֻͬÿ춼һԼÿ춼˵˵Ҳڹ̫ġ
ʱҲүӣֻڹ˾̫࣬ײֻܾܳԼϢʱ
ÿţүҲͦá
һһĻת
죬үӳҽԺ˺ܳʱ䣬ڿʱʱ򣬶ʮһˡ
ǣźү£ԼҲص˼ҡ
·ϣ׿ڼҵԼȼˡԼøϽȥ
صҷ֣һ˶ûУƶġ
ƿŷײڼҡ
һʧӿͷ
ƣںһο
ڿ׻
򿪵뿴ʲôһȦҲûԼ뿴ĽĿԼĶеˡ
ǿ⣬ŵ׻
ڰʵ̫ˣԾľɳ˯ˡ
˯УμүӵĲˣҲһ˿ĵһԷӹúò
ʱſѣ˯ĿױһŨױĨŮ§˽òʡ¡
ͱôˣ¿һŮһ͸ˡ
һĻ˲ѡ
ŮҲû뵽׼ﾹȻиŮˡ뵽Լÿֶ𣬱ضǲŮ˵ġ
Ŀһ
Ҳ񣬵ǲûȥ
ôŮˣ׿϶ϣҲźһʶοԼ
ߵԿ˿ֻǺˣǴŮӹףԼķϡ
ģŵʱɰˡ
滹иŮˣȰˡ
߳˵:лл׻뿪ˡ
αûҪߵ˼бۿ˵:״˵еǸŰҲô
̬ܲˬøαֻϽߡ
αԼ˵:ҽкα׵ĺ顣
·Լܸ߹һ
ֻǲ䲻һû˵ʲôȴڷ̸׵ĺȥˣ˭֪ϼ
ȻˣЩ²˵ģϾҲ֪ܸ鷳
ҺǳڵĺˣǾһȥȾƣӦ꣬ϵرءαոյĻûеõʲô죬ŵôһ£ǰҲû㡣ҪҥԣҶΪ׵ء
ǴûƤôŮˣһʱЩЦ
ոЩģ뵽Լ׵ĸ飬Ҳôˡ
Ŀ:֪ˣкܶ飬һôô
úαеߡҲû뵽Ů˵β
һۣαת뿪׵ļҡ




557 
 

α֮׻ûʰ
Ͻ߽ҡ
ߵԣΪ˹ôƣһʱЩۡ
һľζȥϴһ¡ѵķס
׷ߵ䣬·
ʱۼķ׵·пںӡ
Ǻ˭һԵķһԼô͸Լôô
һ̣ôϴּ䲻ˡ
²ȥǸ֡
еķŭϴ˸衣
ڼ䣬ˮϴŵ׻һѵģٸԼϴ裬뱧һ±o㿪ˡ
Ūеɣǻججͷô˯ȥˡ
˯ףĻӴˡ
ԼÿҪȥүͷҪȥܵͷÿɫ˻ص֮󻹵ÿŮͻؼңŮš
ԽԽ
ϵҲд
˯иоЩʹ̲סһ
׵Ҳ֪Լ̫ˣ˭ôˣԼַ
뵽Ķһӣϴϴ㽫˴ϡ
Щ£оˡ
һĹּôͶеԲ
ϴ˯·ϵǺۡ
ھϴ裬Ǻࡣ
Ĳںͬ
һֽдϡҪ뿪һʱ䣬չ˺Լүӡ
ֱֽӿصҡԼôѹޡ
Ϊ˲ĸ׵ģ³֮ǰصؽϵȫɾˡ³˼š
ʱĸû˯ڿ￴Ӿ硣ͻȻˡ˽
ҹʮ㣬ĸ׿ͻȻе㲻ţΪԼŮˣϽǰ:ôʱˡǲǷʲôˣ
ӾͺңĸԼĶ߶Ӹˡ
ǣڴĸ˵:裬û£̫ˣȥϢһ
ŮһƣĸҲٴֻܿŲ鸡ĽԼ䡣
Ůһ£ʲôҲʲֻ˵ˡ
ƣڴϣں˯š
ȫǺαǸŮ˺·ϵǺۡ

ڴϷ˺ü
һҹעһҹ
ڶ죬״˯оͷеۣûְۣ˰ͷû˻Ӧ
ԷԵıѾˡ
֣ǰÿԼԼȥôͻȻôˡ
ѵǿ̫ȥѾˣ
뵽ﻹоЩο
Ьߵ¥£ȫûע⵽ϵֽ
¥¥һҲûУҲûˡ
ڿ˼ɻӦֻл
Żɵ飬¥ֻ绰
ߵңֻͿֻԱѹһֽде³ȥ졣
ֻ绰ǷֻѾػˡ
ʲôߵôæ
ߣһֱӣ˯ţԽЩ
֮׻һԲԼѾˡ
ûа취ֻԼ𴲡
ߵ¥£ĸ˾͸ϽߺԷ
޾ɵôų˷ڼһ仰û˵
ĸҲ£극֮ɳ
ôˣǲǺ׷ʲôìˡĸǵʵ
Ϊ˲ĸģֻܶ:ûѽ裬ʲôҲû
ĸǲģ׷ʵ:ôͻȻסˡ
ĸɻ۾Ц:裬ⲻôô㻹ӭŮ찡
ȥ¶ˣϽת˻:裬ڼ⼸ɵúúչңҺ˵ˣҪˣǵġ
ĸŮЦҲ:ģһİװֵġԲСлҡ
ĸҲĵЦˣȫɨɾˡ
׻һһߵĸ绰ǲӡ
ʵҲܹΪĲ֪Լֻûػˡ
£ûоԼôˣΪʲôҪԼأʱԼϴš
ʵ벻ͨ׾û侲Ҳá




558 ͵ı
 

Լʰһ£˸򵥵緹꣬ȥҽԺһүӡ
СأôûүӼеʡ
ײܸүԼҲˣֻƭ˵:֣칫˾£ͷˣҸʺæһһ״ۣñķźɡ
үҲǰŰɣԼֲܴ绰ֻý˱ķչˡ
׿үӣȥ˹˾
һҽԺ͸оԼѾˡԼҽ˵:ҽǲǿԳԺˡ
ҽ뵽ﻹһͲЩģ˵:Ƕסúɣν˽һ죬˵Ļͦأúú졣
ҽ۹⣬͸оʲôԼֱӿʵ:ҽǲʲôңǲײҳԺȥļҲ
ҽôһ˲Żˣͣ뵽Լ˵ȲҪ£ҽֻøĿ:ǵٻشдʲôϽʰ궫˵һ˾ͳȥˡ
ЩףѵѾ֪Լүӵ׶ӵˣҼҶүݲߣȥļҲ
ԽԽߣ;Լóȥ
ϣͳֵҽ࣬Լ·͵͵˳ȥ
ڶ죬鷿ҽŷˡֱӽ绰ס
֪ҽſģԼҵܵܵġ
ǣҽԺͻһ·׵Ĺ˾ȥǲײԼԺ
ǲԶԼá
˾˴඼ʶͣҲû
ǣֱר21¥׵İ칫ҡ
ӵû칫ңͿһŮ˴װ칫߳ϻһЩġ
;Ů˿Ժúһ¡
αһ칫ҵţͿһ˧վ⡣ͻĳúαһ۾Ϳ
ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
ҲûٶֱӻԼסľƵꡣ
α͵ɫԱߵԱ˵:ոǸʲô˰
ԱȻ֪͵ģҲʲôܣ͸ߺα˵׵ĵܵܡ
õ˴𰸣αлл߿ˡ
ߵʱﻹ룬׵ĵܵܣҲҵˣҳҲ˧
Ȼ㲻ףܰŪҲа뵽αǹһĨóѵ΢Ц
ҲͬźαصƵһ˽̽˵绰ǲһºαҪ죬Ǯ⡣
뵽úα⵹װ⵹ң͵һ˵ʹ졣
һαϾͱˡ͸Ǯ֮㿪ʼ
ǰ֮ĻϢЩûõĶͿĺܿ졣ΪֻһĽ׵Ů˱ϳˡ
û뵽˺棬ͷһЩԼõĶ
Ů˾ȻǺ飬ͺˡ
š
ҵ˺αĵ绰˹ȥ
Ϊİ绰αһβûнӡ
͵ڶδʱ򣬺αǿһ̽ͨ˵绰:ιãλ
ҪϹˡ
ش:͡
һ͸Լ绰αΪԼ˴ͣԼȤ
˵:Ŷүʲô𡣡
Ǹǵͻ˼Ƥ
ܷöӡʵ:һп裬һԸɡ
һԷα쳣ˣ˼û˼ʹӦˡ
Լ˵طʱ䡣
һ˾ͶˣαʱѾλϵˡ
αһžͿʼĴڿһԱ߿͡
Ǻαŵ߹ȥ͵ע⡣
һֻ뱨
αˣҲӣֱʺα:˵׹˾ǻϵ
αͷЩɻѵôôͻȻˡ
ͷ·ûвα˵:ûȤһ𱨸ס
Ļαе棬ֵôôбһ˵ء
˺αĺ档Ͳû̫:Һг˵ҪҪɡ
αЦЦ:øʱ俼һѽϾҵÿ˭òô
ͲûΪααĻǺ˵:ԣҵĴ𸴣ǾɣһˣԱ㡣
˵꣬תˡ
αһʱ仹ûӦԼ̸˵ôô˺һ𱨸ˡ
αԼ벻ˣ㸶˿ǮҲ뿪ˡ




559 Ů̫Ҫ
 

ڰ칫׻֪ԼѾˡǵͷܵİ칫
ѾĴѰ䣬ǻûҵҲԼ绰
û뵽ҡ
ʱ˽һļݸ˵:ܲã㣬СԼҪȥһԷ̸̸һĺ
ǸŮˣ׾ͷۣԼ˵˲ϲ
û취Ҫ̸
̾˿˵:ȥ׼ŰɡǩļǾͳ
׵Ļͳȥˡ
׽ļչ忴һݣûʲôǩ֡
֮ʰãͺһȥԼõĲ
ǵʱ򣬺αѾˡ
׳˵ͷ
¡
α׺ԼôԶúܲã׵ԡ
׼αԼԱߣֱ߿˶棬ĺαû˵ʲô
һαǵ˵:ܣôԶǻô̸
ȫһףѾ֪ˣŮƤĺܣҪʲôӡ
ֱӿ˵:ܣ˵ҲⲢӰ̸
˵Ҳܺαɫôֱӽ˵ݸ:˰ɣһ롣
α޺޵ĿףôˣԽǵòҾԽҪõ
α˼˼ԼϲĲˣͽ˵ݸ˷Ա
Ҳӣֱӿʵ:ܣһȵĽ裬ܳٵļ۸񡣡
αҲֱӺ̯:һǺķǳãǹ˾һ׼ٶǧͶʡ˳㽫һȵԤܣҪǩںͬˡҲһ......αȿԼôĺôʱ׻ʲô顣
Ȼײûбֳеı飬Ǿأʲô뷨ûУ·ڶԺα˵㰮˵˵㲻˵ҾͲ˵˼
αֻεٴο:ǹ˾ҪõɵϢ
ֻɣٶˡ׺ƽĿڣ̸Ҳν
αҪϢᵽ˶塣
׼Ϲˣֱͬ:һͬ͹ȥ
α֪Լһα׸ˡ
̸֮ͬ½ˡ
αԷܰġ
һ˵:ףҿǰǸͦóԵģҼһЩɡ
ڴܸһЩˡϧ׾ǲϵںαҪԼӵݹȥʱֱӽԼǰĲ˰˺αĸǰ
û취αֻӳ˼ڣʵһҲԣô޷׵עˡ
ⲻҪˣαͿʼҪġһеĲ˶ڵĺαǰ
α취ûã˱ʽ
һӵĲˣ˿Ȼŵ׵:ףҳͦóԵģ쳢
ײûҲûĲˣһֱͷԼķ
αȻģһӲˡ
ڷˣ˵:ܣн񱣬㻹ǺúóԷɡ
һٷ׵Ķʼնû徻
ɳ극󣬺αֿʼˡ
ףҵĳˣһȥɡαգգ۾
ȫû˵:ǲ˳·ȥ
αȻͬ:סһСú˳·׻˵ʲôֱӱαˡ
ʵûа취ֻܿȥ
αıóˣǹһĨЦݡ
ûαЦ֪Ů˾
һ¥αֱ˸ʻ
ֻüû˵ʲô
˳ӣల£ֻǺαԼڳߴߴ˵ײû
ǲһαסˡ
׿Ҳˡ
αֱӿףԼס
ֻ޿κε϶㡣
α񻹲ģһСģֱӰȡ
ֱӽͣ·ߣһ˫۾ĶźααҲ֪Լе,һ仰Ҳ˵ڳϡ
׼α˵żӡ
ҳԺúȺõȫ֪ԼϹһŮ˸ӡ
ֻڻ֪Ҳʲô
ʵﻹЩүӣ±ķչ˲
ߣ׺ò׽αͻ˼ҡ
徻ЩֱӸ˸绰:ҵôüͷ
ܣûУ֪ٷ˵ȥˣҲܰҰѡʵش
̾˿˵绰ֻԼȻؼˡ




560 
 

ںαص֮;š
αüҲû뵽ͻôԼֻܰȥ
ͽȥֱ֮ɳϡ
αôԾҲӣֱӿʵ:ʲô
ü:㲻ϲô㣬ûǻ𡣡Ϳ˺αһۣһûƬʱͻкܺõĻвˡ
αⲻǲƽ׵ı͡
Ǻαʼ̸:ôջȫ㣬Ҳʧ׶ҸҪҳһҰɣһῼǿҪҪ㡣
뵽Լ׷ôʱ䣬ȴû׷ϡαʵҲǸûᡣǲ̸ԵԼ̫ˡ
һ˵:ңͻҾͺһ𡣡źα۾һ˿Ķ˵:㲻Ҳô
αȷʵҲ˧ԼĶ
ӣ롣αش
ȻҪһܵյϢɣҪȻԺô졣˵ţα͵ϡ
С͵ţֻͷһ
һѹ˿ʼ۵˶
.........
һУ·Ժα˵:¡
˵꣬뿪˺αļҡ
ڶ죬αճԼ׳Է֮ԳӻΪ
ΪƬĵЧãαͲˡ
ܻƲֻܷŭĽͣڵ:Լ߰ɡ
αҧҧת򿪳žҪ³
³һ̣ԶһĻ
ƬһóѵЦݡ
ףңǵţһѵġ
ڶ죬ȫǵıֽͷȫүƳԼĺ顣
˻ʲô֪
ȻԼ˷극ʰһ¾ȥ˹˾
빫˾¥е˶һԼȴĿŵĿ
׾Щ֣Լʲôҵʲô
ԼʲôûС
Ͻɵȥ˰칫ҡ
ˣϽһݽıֽ˰칫ҡ
һ칫ңͽֽݸס
׻оЩ֣һǲֽġ
ǵ챨ֽͷʱ˲ˡ
αǸŮô˵³³ҾȻһû֡
׷߷ߵҧ
˽ѹȥš
뱻ŵѾүӺˡ
үҽԺеģͽӴ򿪣һƵǲ¼
һ˹ףү˲ˡ
ƴĴķ绰ס
ûʱˡ
Ҳе㷢
ƴְ¼ȼүӾ̯˴ϡ
ҽȼϽ˹ΪΣķҲ˽
һͿүӲã͸Ͻֻ״绰
׽ӵķ绰;ÿܷʲôõ¡һ绰ķŵ˵:үӿϵˣЩ񻯣ɡ
ϢĴӵվԿ׾ҽԺϹȥ
ȵҽԺ׸ϽүӲ¥㡣Ϳķڲſֻĵȴ
׸Ͻܹȥ:Ǹ㲻Ҫү֪ôô֪ˡ
ķֻʵ˵:үҳȥ࣬ҳȥһүӾĴ˵ӣšһʱүѾڱҽˡ
Ҳû취ֽ֪վǱסġ
ΨֻҽúõΪүˡ
ߣ˯ԽҲ
ĸһ翴žͿϢŮģͲŮ֪¡
ϴԷ
극ɳϿӣĸϽң˵:磬ӻˣȥֻɣ𿴵ˡ
һȦ:裬ӵƻأôǻˡ
ĸһţ֮˵:ŶҸղſʱˣֺˡ˵Žңݸ
ɻĿĸ:ʲô衣
ĸֻµ˵:ûû¡
һĲţң˵ӡ
һʼû׳šĸһ
˼̨ʱ򲦵̨պڲ׳š
ĸҲһεߡ
һƬհףû뵽׻ֳš
Ļϼܲ⼸֣޲ý⼸ֿ
ĸҲе㵣˵:û£ⲻһģٵȵȣ˵һ׾ͳˡ




561 ȥ
 

׵ĳ棬Ķһ˿һľٶ
֣׵Ҫȥţ֪սȭͷԼһΣһܸˣ뷨һ
һ룬ڳڵȷʵȻ˲ԣӾ
׵üͷ΢΢ϸϸĿţһ
ΪģȻ
˶Ͱ棬һ۱ϳˣǵӰԲǣ
˲˱㷴Ӧ˹˽סˡȻ³Ҫȥڵλãֱ
߽Ӱӣ
׵жȻ캧ˣĵײȷԽԽࡣ
Ҫʲôš

ҽԺʱѾˣһͲķ档
𣿡
˼û˻ӦĪģЩСƿ˷ţûһ
׵ǽΧҽԺеˮζζȴĵ׵Ĳǿ
͡ĺ
˻Ӧ
ߵ͵Ĳǰһ룬ȴֱɵˡ
͵Ĳϣһˣӱۺã·ûһ
ЩĻֱӳ嵽ǰ̨ʿվ
ʿվСһ˵Цûһʶһˡ
һ£֪֪402ŷȥˣһɵǡ
ͻȥأĪĸоЩԾ˵ǵˣżĿ˿ڡ
֪ʿƤҲ̧һµı㿪˿ڣæԼ顣
ȷ֪ȥˡ
ҽԺͻȻֱǺ飬ֻҪ˷ѾͿˣ⡣
䲻֪΢΢һȻӦС㣬飬ܲͨڡ
ʿ΢΢һ٣Ҳûᡣ
ˣܸܲһ¡
ĳ̶ֳ˵ĵȷÿü䣬ҲøʿûĿһۡ
ʿ̾Ϣһڣڿ˿ڣ402Ǹҵȷ֪
һʿҲˣ԰ÿĲô࣬ôÿ˶ס
УԹζ
ʿû˵ٻȻ߳ԺסԺܶʱЩҲܣǻˣ֪Ҳ顣
˭Ҳ֪Էô
ֱӵ
͵ȥˣö˶˵һˣȥ
ǡƮƮ°Ļǹ˻СʿƳһۡ
ʲôæʡĵ׵ȷż͵ģ飬Ҳû취ֱ˵ʲô
ʿƵĿһۣʶԼʧ̬ˡ
˵λûеǼǳԺҲûб֣ǱпܳԺûжáһʿ˹
꣬Ȼһϲ
ȻոտĶѾĸɸɾˣ˭Ҳ׼ԼˡŻȻʣҲȫ͵ȥ
Ҫͳֻ˼Ƭ̣û֪ͨˣѡԼңϾʱ򣬶һ²һ¡
վԭأ˼Ƭ̣ŻʿòһЦлл
󣬱㳯Լжĵط˹ȥ
Ȼ֪Ǹطͻ᲻ڣ͵ȷпȥǸط
ʱͲ֪ѾԼ

ҹī񷣬ɫһֻһ㣬Ȼ죬Եʮֿɲ
Ǳ׹˾һе׼ڵʱ͵͵˳ȥ
Ҫ׹˾ԼҪϡ
׹˾ϣһרŵĵطҪԿףһж˵С¡
ʹ˹˾ţǱ˹˾׵Ĺ˾ָơ
ֻǡΪʲôҲ
ҧĿһŵһɨ
ϣ˾ҪļһݡôҲ
ȷû֮ͣĿЩɣġ
˵һֱ֮תĿֱ꣬ߵܲð칫ҡ
һŵı֪˶ãйһһƨֱ˰칫ϡ
ء
۾ϼ򵥵һһ̣۾Ȼһ
ҵˣ
һϣһ룬ֱӴ
ɨһֱۣȷ󣬲Ц
û뵽û뵽סȻֶôķ˰칫ϡ
ôǹ˾
ֻ׵û뵽ԼȻǱ
ҵԼҪĶСİЩۼһһɾ֪˶ãͬʱѶȫŻԭλá
ŷ
ֻǣû뵽ǣһߵͷȴ¼һС





562 
 

ų뿪ҽԺ·Ŀĵҿ˹ˣ˵׵ȥˣȻҽԺôȥأ
ͳɹ͵Ϻ˼Լ˳װף˭ô⣬¹˾ҵôҡ˷ܵĴЦ൱ļ͵һ˦Сĸʻλϡ
쳤ԼĴȣ¥棬мԱЩηĿbossϺá
ĮӦһЩְԱס˵ݵһ࣬ԼҵĴbossע⵽һУôͳһֻˣصְԱһϢ˵ݵһλȥˡ
ԱЩְԱҲȻҲһЩȻЩСְԱһܸˣǼסˣʲô˵ʲô˵ûСԼķ벻
ЩְԱһ㣬ͷˣˣȻסˣ˭ϣԼķ벻ǿǿԼҴbossյǸƵǸиرľţǸʾһڰҹ͵˾ĻϣǸ˵ףЩ˿ǿǴbossֵܣ͡
Щ˸ǱһܸˣӲ˵ȥ
˼ؿԹ۲ĵط£˰ţǸصԼˣصְԱ˵ܸκˣ˱ˣλòеλá
صְԱŵŵͷոտصʱΪٷƣˣͶϵ˭ʱ֪ˣǸǴbossֵܣǲٷ˵ģbossţ֮еģӦϲʿĳ£ȻһЩ˾бȽϳ
ųһСһطǸƺе죬˼·ȷС˭ǸԼѰҵ͡
Ȼͣҵȵ⼸ĿѰңûа׷ѹ򡣡ųСĵظСˣĶͷһܵϸ˫ЩţȻ֪׵ֵܡ
ͿһĳоһԼţȻŤͷһСĵĴӺӾһۣȻһڸԼٶȣעźӾСˣ
ŮˣôǸң󿪿ҿ˼֣û˦Ůˣȵȣ뵽һ⣬¶һյЦݡ
ųһ磬ô뺦ң
ţһͷһƾɵСһСҲȥͷɿ˳ܶҾͲ㻹ܸҡ
СԼҲСȥڶԵεĲϤ˦Ůˣɹ·ˣ쵰ôһôץ
ȫ֪ƽӲ֪һ׼СĵĿź棬ûתͷ۾⿴ţȻұߣˣһӰˡ
ǰһڣһʹ˹ȥ
ЩŵŰû뵽ŮôᣬǸԼûа취²ߣŮˡҵ֮˷ˡ
㲻Ҫĺݣʲô鷳Ӧʵʵ͵Ǹϣ˳ӵȴƫƫҪͶӸ¶һεЦݣȴ˸оһ˿䡣
һˮι˵û㲻Ҫװ˯һɳ棬·ղˮ˲
ˣоԼͷʹҲʹµ˺֣ȻԼֱӴˣԼˣԼˮ
쵰ŲҸףǲŹġоԼֺ˫űʵʵİһ͸оԼֺͽűճ˺ۼ
ʹҡҡͷͷеΣϡǵԼڸͣȻͲƾСӦǷԼڸȻôͻȻ³һƵԼĺ󷽣ԼһӣǰЩڣȻһ۾Լ
һŲ˵ϣֻһŮˣʲôҺҵֵܻΪɱƺ𾪡
ţȴû뵽ǸᣬѲ쵰ſң͵ϣô϶С
˵ҲˣҸģ׾㷢ˣ͵ϣ϶ңȥպǷƵ൱ĵɪ
ĮĿţǰˣԼ˼ҲŲš
ܵ˴̼˵ԼҪҪԼ




563 ̸̸
 

ӲĲУҪȥл
ΪͲǸˣֻΪԻֻҪˣͲٷˡ
ҪȰȰ
ͣ㲻ְͣɣȥ군ˡüͷĵǡ
Ϳĵúܷ̣˵:ʹ඼ǸͷɵġԼ֪ĺӵʱʹ࣬ǰ˽ӵô꣬͸ĻͿʼȼգȻ֪Ҳ˽ӣΪʲôʱ壿Ϊʲô
ЩŵǵӦʱ򣬼Ȱ:үҲ˺㣬Щô㶼𣿡
ǣҺãͷ̵Цһ¡ǶҺãԼ׶ÿŽֵҾ͵Ϊ˽ӵͣһ£ͼ˵:㲻֪Ϊ˽ӵжٴζڲǸʱôųʲôҲûΪҾүӵĺӡһЩ飬һӵиͱе
أҾȻĺӣֻһͽĺӣ˵ɲЦͶݺݵĶܹƶ˵䵽̶ζô
ͣеЩʹ밲οһ£ͱʹˡ
㲢ûиܹԶż˵ĹذǮаˣأأ˵⣬Щʣǲһջʹı飬ס
аȻĸĸˣү㰡ô꣬Ͱ㵱׶ӣҲ㵱׵ܵܡͼο
ЩͿʹԴ
ڲܺܺõȰֻܵƽһٺ̸һ̸
ʼתƻ⣬һЩ顣
ͣ챻˿ڻ𣿡Цеģ
ͲǻˣԼסԺǼ죬ÿ춼ԼͷɫǼÿ
ѷŪϣû˵ʲô
ȻľչԼ
뵽ЩͲų죬ƽĻش:ˣѾˡ
·΢˽ģ˸ط
Щˣ:ͣϲʲô֮һȥ
ķǳԹģм͵ķ˾Լģζܺá
ЩĶش˵:ǵҸɹҾͰˣʱԡ
üͷû뵽ͻһֱŸ
Ϊ˽һɣֺ˵˼仰
仰ͺ񳨿飬ʲô;ʹʲôмʵһЩ飬͵Щᡣ
ԼɿĻߣǳһᣬ˵:ͣϲҽ⿪
һܣ;˵ѣŸ⿪ϸϾԼһôҲӲ
ͱ⿪ˡԼպ˵̵һҡͷʲôطǿܵġ
ͷ·𿴳ʲô˵:ñˣʲôһ㡣
û취ֻܸϽ߽˲Ϊʲô֮ġ
ȷиѾľˡû취ֻܴˡ
ΪͻôԼ취ߣû뵽(^o^)/ʱֱӽϣӰһŮ˵վûһ˴
ܵļƻˣֻܼж
Ҳ֪ʲôʱҵԼ
һ
òˣٿȰȰ:Ͱ
̧ͷһۡ
͵һ£Ǽ˵:ǲʲôᰡүǰ̫Сģڸǲ˽ӵˣôҲΪ......
û˵ʱһվݶĶ:㶮ʲôûоЩԶҲ᲻ҵʹࡣ
Ҳû뵽ԼȰᷴӦô󣬵Ǽæ:ү̸̸Ҫǰġ
ʲôҵ˽ǰұȴһ仰Ϊ˵ʱǰ˵ʲôҶǷƨͳ
˵ʲôȻǲˣֱϵĲ
ֻصķһЩ˿ûбĿ򶯡
Ϳһٺ˵ʲôת뿪ݡֻһ˱档




564 ƾͼ
 

˳ݵһЦ
ֻͨ˺αĵ绰
ལལ......
αܿͽͨ˵绰ûиα˵Ļᣬֱӿ:һˡֱӹҶ˵绰
αЩͻԼʲô
һͬ˿
˽ʱڿŮԼ׵ǡ
ôͺαһ
һ˿ɻ
һ£;˵:ȥҩʵˣһҪѡ
һЩͷ鲻ԾҪݺܡ
óֻŮ˵:Ҹ¼ɣ͵ǵһγԼļ
һʼͬ:ʲôԺԼĴ𡣡
͵:ⲻΪǵԺԺǽʱ򣬿԰ǰ¼еƵһVCRʱǵĻֳţװ
һûͬ
Ͻóֻװ¼ʵͺͺα
һʼαЩԥΪ׳˧ΪԼϵĺչĺܺãαʧȥôõĻᡣ
Ҫڻһµʱ͸о˺αЩԸ⡣
ԸһԸġ
ͣ......αεĿڡ
ǻû˵ʲôͱʹˡ
㻹ǵǴȥң˲ô뿴ھͿԷ㡣ǹһĨЦ
ҵĻȥãҪȻԺ˭֪ƵͲö֪ˡ
͵αɻʲôƵʱ򣬴һײŮ˴Ϣ֯һԵر
͵ƵŵĺֻܴҪһΧЩ˶
:.........û뵽ǻһȡеЦ
ڱЦʵ:Цʲô
ϽЦ˵:û£û£ҾǾôƵ￴Էɰ
Ļѻߵõͷġ
......ɡαû뵽;Ȼ¼ƵвԼ
Ҳû취˭ָܲءЦһ
αҲΣֻܴӦ͵Ҫ:ôӦң֮󣬽Ƭȫɾ
û⣬ֻҪúϣƵֻ֪
αֻ̧ˣһ
ԭΪ޷죬ȴ֪˵ĶԻͱֻ¼
ߺҲֹͣ¼
Ϊ¼ˣҪ:ҿ¼ҿòá
ȴһѶ
¼ݣԼ˶һƵọ̈̄ǸոһŮˡ
ɫˣϽֻ˹
ŭĿһ˦ϣ֮ͷҲص뿪˿
Ҳûʱȥ׷㼱ҴҵĻص˹˾
ϴ¥
׻ڵͷļȫӰ
ʱææ˽̧ͷɫţΪʲô£ҲŽ:ʲô
ԼֻŵǰĶԻĴ׵Ķ䡣
ܣҪСİ㡣һС
֮󣬶˵:¼ʱǷô
ҡҡͷ׼˵:ȲҪˣʣµ
ֻȻؼҷżټˡ
ûΪ·ģǼ
ⲻչʮһ㣬α绰ˡ
Ǻαĵ绰׹ǡ
Ϲˡ
׵һ£ͨ˵绰
С㣬ʲô𣿡ʡ
αΪ׵ûɣΪǰҲôԼ˵
ɤӣα㿪:һԸɡ
ش:ûʱ䡣
α¼ˣԼףԼƵͻᱻع⣬ʱԼˡ
ǺαϽһ:ܣǩǸͬһһЩطʣǳúһ¡
֪αʲô˼ֱӾܾԻõġ
ǣڼװ˼֮ش˵:Ǻðɣʮں¥˵֮ױҶ˵绰
αϹˣһ
ȫû׵
ͬҶϵ绰ǹһĨ΢Ц㻹ˣʲô
ʮһ룬׷ϵĹ˺¥֣׾ͽͶõİ䡣
αû
״ӿڴóõ¼ǰ򿪷Žڴ֮һֱźα
պʮ㣬αҴҵĴ߽
Щˬ˵:ܣһͳٵˡ
αϽǸ׵Ķ




565 ׽
 

α׵ﻹЩᣬҪҪ͸ҩ뵽ԼƵαҪ¡
˼αеţҲԾð
˵˲ˣһԲš
αҲ뿪Լûа취֣ԽԽţͷϵĺҲԽԽࡣ
źαŵӣ׾ԼӦøһᡣ
׿˵:ȥϸ䣬ʧˡ
αһҪϴּ䣬ɫ˲ÿһ㡣
׿ɫı仯ŮشԣôСԼǰܡ
ҲҪ
ױƿ߳˰䣬ȥ䡣
α׳ȥˣϽӶóΪԼ׼ҩ׵ı
ڹȽţһЩĩϡ
αоֽȥ
һУαѾµӣĶͷǺ
ڲһ׾ʱˣ˰ᡣ
صλãۼķһЩɫķĩ
αŵĶףʲô
һϵķĩα˲
ɨ˺αĽŵס
˵:ҾƵ̫ˣôǽҵأһﶾ˿ͻô죿
װЩĩǽҡαŷһ
Щ׵Ȼȫˣֻû֨ˡ
ܣôͷǺǲ̫ˡסġʵ
αϽҡҡͷȻ˵Լ:ûУллܹģе̫ˡαװȷ硣
ױ˵:ǺǽзԱΪǿһ´ɡ
ããԼȥСαϽߵߣҲԼӦһ£Ȼ̫ˡ
׳úαߵǰ͵͵Ľ˵ıӻ˹
Ҫ㳢ʳζ
α˴÷紵ԼϣոոоŻȵ˲
ʱ򣬷Աʼһһϲˡα߻Լλϡ
ȷԱ˲˳ȥα˵:ҾһΪЩĺף
׿Ķ:ǻǲҪȾˣʲô¾˵£Ⱦ¡
αȻܾôֱֹ:С˵꣬ԼЩǿӲ˵:һƣܸõĵαдһЩ
׵˵ͷ·ǾúαĻе˾Ʊ
αһʱŵĲС
׹˹ǣһۺα:ţףԺѺá
һºαıһڽľƺ˸⡣
α꣬ôûзӦѵҩҩЧҪһʱã
û취αҲһڽľƺȹˡ
ֻǿһۣû˵ʲô
ܣǲǺʶͻȻʣŪúαֲ
α£˵Ȼ
ڿȹ￴һȿȣҿôֲ䵽
α׻ˣû뵽Լ͵ļᱻ׿
ҵĽ͵:û......Ǿʶԣʶ
û˵ʲô˳ȥ
α׷ȥȴԼѾˣκſϡ
ײûߣǸֿһ䣬뿴ʲô
˼ӣͺͺαԼҪյʱ䡣
ƤЬȵصһİ䱻򿪣״ŷ￴˽ȥ
׳ǵˡ
ȥͷְ·ֻкαһſϣȫû׵Ӱ
ãмˣ뵽
ϽܣǵŰҪŵʱ򣬷Ѿˡ
Ķߵſڶ˵:ͣҡ
һ׵֪Լˣ漴Ц:ףҹʲôãܹصһʱصһ
о͵΢΢üʲôʱͱӡ
úƽһ£ͺαúദɡ׳溰
˵ת뿪
׵ĽŲЩˣ󺰵:ף㲻ҹģҪǰҹҳȥˣҾú
֣Ͻ˻:˵ʲô˵ģ
ͱ׵жŪùЦ:û뵽ףҲбһ졣
ֻаҷųȥҲŲᶯҪȻҲ֪Լʲô顣˵дЩţƾ׶İ᲻ġ
û취ֻܴţͷ˳
һţͱųҽԺš




566 ͬ
 

û취ֻþô뿪
ͻȻ뵽ʲô׸Ͻ׷˳ȥ˵ȥ
׸Ͻ¥
;¥µס
¥Ϳһû˵ʲô˳⳵
Ͳû˾㿪ǵ׷Լ
¥µԼ׾֪ûġϣûа취ܡ
ǸϽϳױ׷⳵ߡ
ͨӾ׸ǹ˵Ц:վҪҵ
˾͵ĻоеĪĿһۡ
͸о˾ڿԼתͷЩ񶾵˾ߡ
˾һЩײϡ
˾ʦúÿŵ㣬һôɥڳءԴЦ˾е⡣
΢΢˾ϽĿתĶ·档
û˵ʲôһֱŷ⾵ȥûиԼ
ʱʱ͵ĳⷿ
ֱ˳˾Ҫѣո˾ʲôû˵һ̵ʧ
;ô˽ȥ
һ׵ĳ͵ˣ;ôƵ߽ȥ֪һʲôıʲôҲ˲ˣֻܿųȥ
˳׸¥ڼſڣѾſڵţˣЦ˵:㻹Ǹˡ
ģײû˵Ļֱ⡣
ͲûԿ״ţ֮óӣ˸ơ
ŵʼʡ
ԭЩĵҲ˲ϱʲôֱӳ˽ȥ
׸Ͻ˹ȥ⿪ӡ
ʱһӳ
ŵţŤ壬׸ϽܣֻŰߡ
һڴ׵ĺϡ
׸оһۣǰһڣ㵹ȥ
ϵĲ˵:ɩӣ㲻ôҰˡ
Цţ·һħһ㡣漴š
˲:ͣҲûҪ㣬Щĺãѵ𡣡
˵ЩûõģҪˣô𡣡ͶݺݵĶεڵϵס
Ҳװһ
˵ʲô㱻ʹ:ʲô˵ˣúÿˣ˼ҹˡ֪һкܶ໰Ҫ˵ҾͲסǵˡ˵ţ͵ϻ¶ı顣ӳȥǳȥġ
˵꣬;˳ȥԼһס
ںˣԼҪûܣҪûȥ׷ͣûвôҲô鷢ˡҲΪ˾Լץˡ
뵽ͲԾ
һֱףôûмˣﲻ֪ж
ȻʱǺܺãúÿ
˼ʮӣ׽ˡ
о沱ӵʹתһͷȴ۵ת󶯡
æֹ:ˣ㱻һ£Ӧúúʱ򣬲ˡ
׾ϲĻͷ:㣬ΪһΡ
Цһ:ûΣڶ͸ץˡ
׻һܣһпӳȥĵط
ͼεҡҡͷ˵:ûõģôˣǸţеĳڶˡ
һĬ
ȴ˳Ĭ:ףôҵģ
˵:ġ
ôôɵ϶ģôܾôء
öˣһֱûţҾˡ׵ûһ˿Ĳ˵Ҳʱһĵġ
Ĵˣ֪ԼӦô:Բ𰡣ҲãҪҶ㲻ΣҲͲ㵣ˡ
ûµģȱȫУǰһʱ̫ˣҺĸܣԺǳȥʱһӱõġ
Щжӯ͵ĵͷ
ˣְôˣûðְֿɡͻȻŵ飬ֿǾˡһġ
ֵʱ龰ҲǾԼĲ:Ѿˣ֮ĲּˣæҲûȥ֪ôˡ̾˿Ҳãðֿ˲ÿĶ
ҡҡͷ:ûУĺܺãֻЩԤ벻ġ
Ķһۣ£˵ĸӺˡ




567 α³
 

뵽ʲô˵:ٺͺú̸̸ɣǸˣֻǱס˫ۡ
ʵһֱ͵Լ׵ܵܣܵʱүӽԼһİָ׻Ǻϲ
׵˵ͷ
ô㣬˱:⼸Ƕȥˣôʱ䣬ûҵ㡣
ЦЦ:Ҿǻס˼죬û뵽ôȻҲҡ˱죬ﻹЩ
û뵽㾹ȻƤӵ£ҾȻҲ㡣һΣһǶʱ̫æˣӶתˡҪȻôҲС
˹Ц
⼸СʱĽѾ׺ͽ⣬ոսŵҲɢһЩ
ʱʹˡ
ЦЩջ𣬶ץˣ˻ʱ˵Ц
һŭ߽:λǺ£ֵطЦĳ
û͵仰ֱ˵:̸̸ͣ
⻰һü:ھǸɥȮʲôʸ̸
˵ţߵɳ
ײûΪ͵Ļջ𣬶ǼԼһ:ͣЩˣְɣһϼø㡣
׾ô͡
ʱͻȻЦ:ЦˣҪϼŸʲôֲҵˡ
㵽ҪʲôͻȻڣЩ
Ҫʲô밡ʱͼװ˼ͻȻ͹ЦˣЦе㲻Ҫģǣ....ͻȻͣһ£֪˵ʲôûҪǳʧ
ˡ˵
ЩҲ΢΢üû뵽͵ִѾôˡ
׻һ£:ͣٺúúүү̸̸˵֮ʲôء
᣿ûʲôᣬҾǿ˲˳ۡ
ûа취˵ױ㲻ٿڡ
Ƶȴ˾˵һĻ
׺֮һȺС쾭˷ſڣαԼһſϣһչ࣬üȫۡ
͵͵߽ȥֻŮˡ
Ǳġ
ȻŴԿ׵
һϵ׼˱㽫αӵ˴ϣϡ
Ҳ֪ϧַϣֲ֪أ֮ȫࡣ
αһ㱻ʹŪѡ
һͷּƻĿԼ
α˲ʲôƴĽк㵸ǣ˫ȭѵ֣պαɤӶҲû
ɢһõζϢͣЪ
һα˹ȥ
˳Ա֮̽һºαıϢţƨˣֻºαһˣ赹ڴϡ
ŹСʱαѹʹԼովһСα
űڴϣ۽ǵỹûиɡ
ȴ޲αôҲ벻ףԼӦúϴΪʲô⼸ˡ
ȥˡΪʲô⣬ΪʲôԼ⵽¡
ͻȻα·뵽ʲôԣͣһҡ
ǣͨ͵ĵ绰
ͻ˵ʲôʱ򣬵绰ˡ
óֻһǺαĵ绰Ҳ͸Ҷˡ
û뵽ͻԼĵ绰αִ˻ȥ
˼飬ʵûˣͨ˺αĵ绰
ʲô¡һҲͷ
αֱӿ:ͣ˵õһʧأΪʲôϴĲ׶ǼС죬һӵ׶ˡ
Ů˿ˣֱӺ˹ȥ:û˾ûˣ˻ǵ𡣡
û뵽ͻ˵ôĻ𵱳˵Ȱ⵹׾ȢĻҲһǼٵġ
һռűˡαš
˵:ͣ¶һɵģҪҸҪôȢңҪô͸ڵ⳥
˵ڣͲһЦ:Ƿ˰ɣҪڣȥɡ
˵꣬ͻȻ뵽Ӧ˵ʲôͼ:Ժû±ңҪȻұʲôѿ飬ˡ
˵ֱ꣬Ӿ͹Ҷ˵绰
α͹Ҷ˵绰ֱӽֻӵ˵ϣֻ˲˸ϡá
α󺰴:ͣţȻҲùҲùƣƵڶˣƵıͣǲݡ
αģһúαӺͺ
αԱע⣬Աһ̸̸ͷȴαһŮһڴϷЦţŵøϽܿˡ




568 ҵ
 

αڴһֱѾۿҲɬ
һƽĿص·ҵı졣
ͻȻĪЦЦǺܴ󣬵ǸҹСڿһرˡ
αôЦվڵ˼ܴ·ϡ֮΢Ц˳ȥ
һ·ߣһ·Це˿Ǽ˷ӣǺαȴһ㶼⡣
ųص˱
α߽ԡңһԡ׵ˮαԼ˽ȥ
һͿʼͣĴԼϵÿһλֱܹĵط˸㣬ûһطķϣͣ
߳ԡףαһ·㿪˹˾
˽αûһ˵:ȥҼ̽һס
ʱЩԻһ:ôͻȻˣϵ𣿡
û˵꣬αͱˣݺݵĵ:ȥȥôϻٶ˵һҾͿ㡣
ѵһһ㶵ģ֮ϽߵǸ˳˷䡣
˶ʼСֹš
ֱ֮ӺۿȽϺõ˹οһ¡
΢ƽһЩȥ˽̽
αںֱ֮ӱɫûһλļ
һֱ⼸죬αʲôҲûˣÿ찴ʱϰ࣬ʱҲ˵Ҳûٷ
Ǵη˶оǱһһ
ⲻ쿪ʱһڷƻĲ߻ԱͻȻһصʧ
սսĵŰѵʱ򣬺αһ:û£ʹˣĹˣ°ɣһˡ
Щ˼̧ͷ˺αһۣȴֺαĶԼ
ԣᡣ
⼸ҲûţĴҼߴ׳飬ȻǱ׵Ĺ˾ȥûʲôõĶǶ޹
ͻ֮󣬾Ͷ˵:ϼŵЩܶ
׵ȻЦŶ˵:ôܸأôҪĶ
һץסĲӣϲͣļ:Ҳ㲻˵ǲ֪ҵɩֵܼܲı⡣
ЦһجΣ˲ֱӡ
ס˲ӣǵԽԽãԽԽѡ˲ͻ:ſ͸㡣
һֱӾͷſĲ:Ͷͺˣɩ
ЦеĿʱԼĲӣڴڵĲͣϢѾ˺ɫպۡ
ڳʱû۽Ҳᡣ
ʱͻȻϲ˵ȥȥһ˵ʲôɡ
˵תȥ˲
ԱΪҸӻܾõʱ̽Ѿ̽ͼҵ䡣
ϣһֽ߽˺αİ칫ҡ
α̧ͷһۣ˵ʲô
ʵ:ʲôźαþ˵Ҳû¡
ֽݸ˺αȻ˵:ͼҵλá
һ֣α˲ŵøϽ˳ȥ
αԼĳԿףһλ֮󣬱㽫ֽһһ۵ۺ÷Ž¶֮α㿪͵ĳⷿ
ʱ׻Ժ顣
˵ԺӰʵ
ߺ:ڵֻͱˡ
룬˵ĶԣǾ͵˵ͷ:Ǿɡ
αС¥ݣ͵ŷǰվס˽Ų
αһ߿˳ⷿţ׶αѵѵȥɰ
ʱʹӲ˷ˣ˲䲻α˲
ʱ˾ˣڸոպαɰʱѾ⿪ϵӡ
ְ⿪ӡ
ʱΪľģ۾һĶ棬αһֱһ͡
ҵ˺ܺõʱ׺ֱӴſ˳ȥ
һ·Сܣܵһ¥û׷ˣֱܳȥȴְְ־Ȼˡ
ǰŰְֵ۾:֣ôˡ׵ĵʵƵôˡ
үӲûʲôֻ˵ҽԼ˺ܶļ顣
ҲԱߣ:үӿԳô
ü˵:ҽ˵ǲԵĵүӷҪҲ취ֻܴˡ
׳үӻЩȵ:ô棿
αֻʵĻش:ͽץġ˵üͷ֣ɵСĵ㣬һЩˡ
үӵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
֮󣬺αһͱ͵Ķϣͻͷһۺα
αЦſ:Ǿͬھɡ
ֱӽαϵ̨˴̨
αأʱ򣬻һס
գҲõӦгͷ¥ˤˤӡѾʮ֮ǰȥԺơ
֮СͿʱһֱ߶ŲڣСӵ־ͶˡСӣǿСʱԼ
֮׺סһʱ䣬ǹȥǶμ䣬ǶʱʲôûиɣһСԺӵķӣ˾ڼҴӣ߲ˣúòڡ
״Լһصլ
ĸԸĵ˳̰֣ҲһԼĹңרǡ
Сһ롣
үӾǴ֮Ҳһʱ䣬ƣҲ𽥻ָ˺ת
ԼؼңүӼıһһͲˣҲҪүүүû취ֻܽϡ
׿ֱ߹ȥСק֮ĸ˵:С֪үү岻𣬻ȥôСҴСƨƨ
һҪСƨƨֱӹԹԵվһԡ
үһͲ˶˵:СӣҶҵﱧôˣԺϲô졣
ס......ҡ
ʲô㣬Ͽȥȥһûˡ
ֻԹԵȥүһ档
һͻؼˣһصңż˷˵ζ
ţ㡣̾һ䡣
״ӳ̽˸ͷҲǴкˣСһֱܹȥһ˱סһֻȡںĸ
һʰ÷ˡ
ڳԷʱӰóһֽһ˺һˡ
ݸ:ͻģҵĹңӦǵ˼ɡ
ŻүӺ׶ۿʵô꣬һֱǹ͡
׿˿֮˵:ͽӻɡָܻĸһ㡣
˶ͬĵ˵ͷ
֮һ˱㿪ĵĳŷ
žҸɡ


==

صС˵www.27txt.com ȥС˵
½Դ磬ȨԭУԤ